bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ganancialidad o privatividad de los derechos de propiedad intelectual e industrial en la sociedad de gananciales
Authors: Vega Vega José Antonio Vega Vega , Vega Clemente Virginia
Published: March 2021

El objeto del presente trabajo es analizar los diferentes medios que, a lo largo de la historia, ha desarrollado el ordenamiento jurídico español para proteger la propiedad intelectual e industrial. Con la propiedad industrial se trata de proteger las creaciones del intelecto humano encaminadas a fomentar el progreso técnico, en tanto que la propiedad intelectual protege la creación de las ideas. La explotación de una obra por los autores produce beneficios, cuando un autor participa de una sociedad de gananciales se discute si el producto de ese trabajo le pertenece a él en exclusiva o también a su cónyuge.
El nacimiento de la nación española: notas para un breve estudio histórico
Authors: Andreu Gálvez Manuel
Published: March 2021

Esta pequeña monografía tiene la intención de subrayar algunas notas importantes sobre la conformación de la nación española, en lo que fue un largo proceso de nacionalización que acabó triunfando en las postrimerías del Antiguo Régimen, y que, tras ser llevado a la práctica en los primeros años del siglo XIX, culminaría en el Estado-nación romántico decimonónico.
¿Tipicidad sin tipo subjetivo? Sobre lo inescindible del tipo objetivo y el tipo subjetivo en teoría del delito
Authors: Cuello Contreras Joaquín
Published: March 2021

Ni el observador objetivo ex ante ni los conocimientos especiales del autor mediante los que la doctrina de la imputación objetiva pretende resolver en el plano objetivo el problema de la imputación penal, permiten prescindir del tipo subjetivo que, en el mismo plano que el tipo objetivo (en el que la doctrina de la imputación objetiva juega un papel decisivo), forman una unidad inescindible sólo separable a efectos analíticos.

Ni el delito imprudente permite prescindir de las representaciones subjetivas del autor (tipo subjetivo de imprudencia) ni el delito doloso soporta la llamada normativización del dolo que lo reduzca a peligro objetivo elevado representado, prescindiendo de la representación subjetiva (psicológica) de la presencia de un peligro objetivo elevado.

De la misma forma que en su día fue imposible configurar de manera netamente separada la exigencia de un desvalor-acción y un desvalor-resultado, que constituyen una unidad inescindible, los últimos desarrollos de la doctrina de la imputación objetiva muestran sus dificultades insalvables a la hora de separar imputación objetiva e imputación subjetiva, que relegue esta última a un plano secundario, sólo relevante a efectos de medir la culpabilidad por un injusto acotado de forma puramente objetiva.
La transposición al ordenamiento tributario español de la Directiva reguladora del intercambio automático y obligatorio de información concerniente a los llamados mecanismos transfronterizos. Consecuencias en los ámbitos jurídicos de privacidad y segurida
Authors: Calvo Vérgez Juan
Published: March 2021

El presente trabajo tiene por objeto analizar el proceso de trasposición a nuestro ordenamiento interno de la Directiva (UE) 2018/822 del Consejo, de 25 de mayo de 2018, que modifica la Directiva 2011/16/UE por lo que se refiere al intercambio automático y obligatorio de información en el ámbito de la fiscalidad en relación con los mecanismos transfronterizos sujetos a comunicación de información. El objetivo último de la nueva regulación incorporada no es otro que garantizar que la comunicación de información sobre mecanismos transfronterizos de planificación fiscal potencialmente agresiva contribuya de forma eficaz a los esfuerzos por crear un entorno de equidad tributaria en el mercado interior, estableciendo la obligación de que los intermediarios informen a las autoridades tributarias sobre determinados mecanismos transfronterizos que potencialmente podrían utilizarse para prácticas de planificación fiscal abusiva y elaborando un listado de las características y elementos de las operaciones que presentan claros indicios de elusión o fraude fiscal denominado “señas distintivas”.
El impacto de la inteligencia artificial en el proceso penal
Authors: Muñoz Rodríguez Ana Belén
Published: March 2021

En el presente trabajo analizamos cómo el avance la denominada inteligencia artificial ha supuesto el desarrollo de una serie de nuevas tecnologías que están incidiendo de manera directa en nuestro Sistema de Justicia. Partiendo de esta base, examinamos los diferentes sistemas de inteligencia artificial que operan en la actualidad en el mundo jurídico. Nos referimos a la predicción judicial y al uso de herramientas como Ross Intelligence –utilizada en los despachos de abogados–, Compas –capaz de predecir el posible nivel de reincidencia de un sujeto– o Prometea –utilizada para la resolución de casos de cierta complejidad–. El uso de estas tecnologías trae consigo la necesidad de adoptar un sistema compatible con los Derechos Fundamentales de los ciudadanos afectados, incluyendo aspectos como la protección de datos, la protección de la privacidad y la no discriminación. Por otro lado, nos ocupamos de la revolución que ha supuesto en el proceso penal la aplicación de medidas de investigación tecnológica como la intervención de las comunicaciones telemáticas, la videovigilancia o la grabación de comunicaciones, así como el aumento de las fuentes de prueba de naturaleza digital –mediante la aplicación Whatsapp– y el uso de la videoconferencia.

The present study analyses how the advance of the so-called artificial intelligence has meant the development of a series of new technologies that are having a direct impact on our Justice System. On this basis, we examine the various artificial intelligence systems currently operating in the legal world. We refer to judicial prediction and the use of tools such as Ross Intelligence -used in law firms-, Compas -capable of predicting the possible level of recidivism of a subject- or Prometea -used for the resolution of cases that have a certain complexity. The use of these technologies brings with it the need to adopt a system compatible with the Fundamental Rights of the citizens concerned, including aspects such as data protection, privacy protection and non-discrimination. On the other hand, we deal with the revolution that the application of technological research measures such as the intervention of telematic communications has brought about in the criminal process, video surveillance or communication recording, as well as the increase of test sources of a digital nature -through Whatsapp- and the use of viodeconferencing.
Legal Protection for Indonesian Migrant Workers Who Commit Criminal Act Abroad Viewed from Legal Perspective in Indonesia
Authors: Rachmad Soepadmo Nurianto
Published: March 2021

This study aimed to determine how the legal protection of Indonesian Migrant Workers if they were involved in criminal cases abroad where the migrant workers works. This research was a qualitative research with a normative juridical approach. The method used in this research was the literature review method. The data obtained were then analyzed descriptively. Based on the research results, it was stated that there were still many cases of persecution by Indonesian Migrant Workers in the countries where they work. This resulted in the migrant workers being caught in a legal case in that country because of the human instinct to protect himself. Based on International Law and also National Law in Indonesia, especially laws related to the protection of Indonesian Migrant Workers, migrant workers must be protected. In Law Number 18 year 2017 concerning Protection of Indonesian Migrant Workers, it has been stated that Indonesian Migrant Workers and their families get protection from before working in the form of administrative and technical protection, protection during work and protection after work.
La regulación del matrimonio y los bienes gananciales por la normativa histórica española (ss. XVI-XIX)
Authors: Tovar Pulido Raquel
Published: March 2021

Abordamos la evolución de la legislación histórica relativa al matrimonio y a los bienes gananciales de la sociedad conyugal. Para ello, las fuentes histórico-jurídicas que se han empleado en este estudio son las leyes que los diferentes reyes de la Monarquía Hispánica promulgaron entre los siglos XVI-XIX. Concretamente, se ha procedido al análisis de la Novísima Recopilación de 1805. Se trata de una rica base documental que nos permite mostrar una visión de los esponsales en varias vertientes: por un lado, se profundiza en los requisitos que los novios debían cumplir para contraer matrimonio, así como en las prohibiciones y en la clandestinidad; por otro lado, se ofrece una aproximación a la administración y al reparto de los bienes conyugales, tanto los dotales como los gananciales.
Selección y comentario de resoluciones del orden jurisdiccional Penal. Audiencias Provinciales de Cáceres y Badajoz. Año 2020
Authors: Tena Aragón María Félix
Published: March 2021

Se ha llevado a cabo una selección de las resoluciones judiciales más representativas y relevantes dictadas por las Audiencias Provinciales extremeñas de Cáceres y Badajoz durante el año natural 2020. Dichas resoluciones corresponden al orden jurisdiccional Penal. Estas sentencias seleccionadas han sido objeto de comentario, dentro del contexto jurídico que las ha generado, por una destacada magistrada especializada en dicho orden jurisdiccional.
CTAB extraction of DNA and RNA of respiratory samples for microbial work v1
Authors: Cuthbertson Leah , Cox Michael , James Phillip , P Churchward Colin , Cookson Bill , Moffatt Miriam
Published: March 2021

This extraction method is modified from Griffiths et al 2000 Applied Environmental Microbiology 66(12): 5488–5491 and DeAngelis et al 2009 ISME Journal 3 pp 168-178. In comparison with DNA extraction kits, nucleic acid yields tend to be higher, though it is more laborious for larger numbers of samples.The extraction uses CTAB and Phenol:Chloroform:Isoamyl alcohol for lysis and the precipitation of nucleic acid is PEG based. An alternative to bead-beating is described, which should only be used for extracting DNA from cultured isolates. Bead-beating is avoided in this case in order to minimise shearing of DNA prior to genomic DNA sequencing.For all other samples use bead-beating is recommended. This Protocol will cover the extraction of the following sample types; Bacterial isolates Upper respiratory tract swabs (nasal and throat swabs) Upper respiratory tract lavage and aspirates (nasopharyngeal aspirate, endotracheal aspirate, nasal lavage, Mouth wash) Saliva Sputum (expectorated spontaneously produced, and induced sputum) Upper and lower respiratory tract synthetic absorptive matrix (SAM) strips Lower respiratory tract samples obtained via bronchoscopy - lung brushes, bronchoalveolar lavage and pleural fluid Lung tissue – human or mouse Lung biopsies Cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) This is a double extraction protocol, you are adding a second volume of Phenol:Chloroform:Isoamyl alcohol to each sample, precipitating two aqueous phases per sample and then recombining the resulting DNA pellets.This approach significantly increases the yield of DNA from samples and strains.
bloom_repulsive_pooling v1
Authors: A Linjawi Fawaz
Published: March 2021

The 500-4-96 pooling protocol is based on repulsive distribution that works on Bloom-filter like solution. There is a great advantage of this protocol: In case of - 500 samples - 96 cells - less that 3 positives The such pooling exists that defines the positive samples from one run with no false positives, no false negatives
Association of trichloroacetic acid peel with photobiomodulation in the treatment of skin photoaging of the hands v1
Authors: Bertoni Guerra Marina , Frank Bragato Erick , André Pires Jefferson , Manea Neves Leonel , de Barros Motta Pamella , Jansiski Motta Lara , Carolina Ratto Tempestini Horliana Anna , Paula Ligeiro de Oliveira Ana
Published: March 2021

Photodamage is a growing concern in contemporary society, as it promotes premature skin aging and different pathologies resulting from prolonged and repeated exposure to ultraviolet solar radiation, which is considered the main extrinsic factor of this process. Affected by radiation, the hands have an important role in the manifestation and visibility of aging because they are very exposed body regions. The study proposal is developed by the potential mechanism of tissue repair, skin rejuvenation, anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of photobiomodulation, complementing the benefits of chemical peel. The main objective of this randomized, controlled, double-blind clinical trial is to compare the photorejuvenating effects of 20% trichloroacetic acid (TCA) peel applied alone and the effects of the association of 20% TCA peel with 660nm light emitting diode (LED) photobiomodulation (PBM) in the treatment of the back of the hands. Participants will be divided into 2 groups and will receive different therapies according to the allocation group. Group A will be subjected to 04 chemical peel sessions of 20% TCA and PBM. Group B will also receive the 04 chemical peel sessions of 20% TCA with PBM simulation. The application sessions will be monthly and the consultations for fortnightly evaluations. Analysis of photoaging characteristics such as fine and coarse wrinkles, dyschromias and global assessment of the back of the hands will be carried out using periodic standardized photographs. A visual-analog pain scale and a 5-point Likert scale will also be applied regularly to assess participants' satisfaction.
protocol_CPG v1
Authors: not provided juanruanoruiz , Pedro J Gómez Arias not provided , Jesús Gay-Mimbrera not provided , Macarena Aguilar-Luque not provided , Salvador Peiró Moreno not provided , Beatriz Isla-Tejera not provided
Published: March 2021

Hypothesis The degree of transparency and reproducibility of economic health analyses, whether primary studies or systematic reviews and meta-analysis, which are used for development could condition the usefulness of clinical practice guidelines in which they are included regardless of the methodological quality of them. Objectives Primary objective Analyze the relationship between the methodological quality of clinical practice guides published in Spain and the current state of reproducibility and transparency of the health economic assessment studies included in them, both primary studies or systematic reviews and meta-analysis. Secondary objectives Evaluate the quality of CFCs produced in Spain in the period 2000-2020. Evaluate the methodological quality of the economic assessment studies included in the GPCs produced in Spain in the period 2000-2020. Describe the transparency and reproducibility of the selected economic assessment studies. Analyse whether there are differences in transparency and reproducibility of economic assessment studies depending on the quality of the GPCs that include them. Analyse whether there have been improvements in the transparency and reproducibility of economic assessment studies by comparing the GPCs containing them that have been produced in 2000-2012 vs 2013-2020.
NEBNext® ARTIC SARS-CoV-2 Companion Kit (Oxford Nanopore Technologies®) E7660 v3
Authors: England Biolabs New
Published: March 2021

This protocol details methods for the NEBNext® ARTIC SARS-CoV-2 Companion Kit (Oxford Nanopore Technologies®), NEB #E7660S/L 24/96 reactions.
Antibiograms of uropathogens in obstetric patients
Authors:   Associate Professor, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Shri Shankaracharya Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhilai, Chhattisgarh, India, Jindal Dr. Monika , Agrawal Dr. Shrikrishna Kumar ,   Associate Professor, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Shri Shankaracharya Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhilai, Chhattisgarh, India, Pungale Dr. Anju ,   Junior Resident, Shri Shankaracharya Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhilai, Chhattisgarh, India
Published: March 2021

Background: Urinary tract infections (UTI) are the most commonly encountered infections inobstetric patients. Aim: The current study was undertaken to find the spectrum of micro-organismsresponsible for causing UTI in obstetric patients and to find out the most appropriate antibiotic.Materials and Methods: Consecutive patients in different stages of pregnancy with or withoutsymptoms of UTI attending the antenatal clinic from June 2019 to November 2020 were screenedfor significant bacteriuria. The bacterial uropathogens isolated were then subjected to antimicrobialsusceptibility testing and screened for ESBL production and methicillin resistance. Results: Duringthe 18-month study period, out of the 110 samples screened, a total of 66 (60%) samples of urinefrom pregnant females, in different stages of pregnancy were found to be positive on culture. TheEnterobacteriaceae accounted for nearly 69.69% of the isolates and E. coli alone accounted for42.42% of the urinary isolates followed by Acinetobacter 19.69%. Among the Gram-positive cocci,Enterococcus 25.75% were more frequently isolated than Staphylococcus aureus (4.54%).Significantly high resistance was noted to the beta-lactam group of antimicrobials, fluoroquinolonesand cotrimoxazole, both by the Gram-negative bacilli as well as Gram-positive cocci. Resistance wasquite low against the aminoglycosides and nitrofurantoin and virtually absent against imipenem.Conclusion: The susceptibility patterns seen in our study seem to suggest that it is necessary toobtain sensitivity reports before initiation of antibiotic therapy in cases of suspected UTI.
A study of Maternal BMI as Determinant of Pregnancy & Perinatal Outcomes in Hazaribagh Medical College and Hospital, Hazaribagh.
Authors:   Specialist Medical Officer, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Hazaribagh Medical College and Hospital, Hazaribagh, India, Snehlata Dr. Snehlata , Lal Dr. Sweta ,   Assistant Professor, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Hazaribagh Medical College and Hospital, Hazaribagh, Jharkhand, India
Published: March 2021

Introduction: Maternal nutrition plays an important role in maternal and fetal outcomes. The lowmaternal BMI or Obesity are both associated with adverse outcomes. Objectives: To evaluate theimpact of the maternal body mass index on the pregnancy outcome and neonatal outcomes.Materials and Methods: This is a prospective cohort study in which a total of 200 patients meetingthe inclusion criteria were enrolled in the study after informed consent of which 100 patientsenrolled after 18 weeks of gestation had a low BMI and 100 patients with a higher BMI than normal.Results: Pregnant females having low BMI as baseline had more risk of IUGR, fetal distress and lowbirth weight in newborns while those having high maternal BMI had more incidence of PIH inmothers, oligohydramnios, increased birth weight, increased risk of LSCS and NICU admissions anddelayed maternal wound healing. Conclusion: The health of women, throughout their childbearingages, should be cared, to improve their obstetrical and perinatal outcomes. Also, the high-riskgroups should be managed properly.
Plantas Alimentí­cias Não Convencionais (PANC) do municí­pio de Foz do Iguaçu, Paraná, Brasil
Authors: Huergo Elizabeth Martinez , Galeano Yanina Patricia Gonzalez , Lima Laura Cristina Pires
Published: March 2021

As Plantas Alimentí­cias Não Convencionais (PANC) são aquelas que têm uma ou mais partes que podem ser consumidas na alimentação, não estando incluí­das no cardápio do cotidiano da população, adaptadas   condições de solo e clima do local, e não são produzidas ou comercializadas a grande escala. Dessa forma, o objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar o levantamento florí­stico das Plantas Alimentí­cias Não Convencionais na região da Vila A, no Municí­pio de Foz do Iguaçu, de agosto 2018 até julho 2019. Foram levantados dados em três tipos de áreas diferentes (Área Cultivada, Área em Regeneração Florestal e Área íÅ¡mida) presentes na zona urbana demarcada, realizando caminhadas mensais em cada uma delas. Foram coletadas 63 espécies de PANC, reunidas em 35 famí­lias botânicas. Dentre elas, as famí­lias Asteraceae e Cactaceae se destacaram pela riqueza florí­stica, contribuindo com 5 espécies cada uma. Na Área íÅ¡mida foram identificadas 2 espécies de PANC, na Área de Regeneração Florestal 11 espécies e na Área Cultivada 50 espécies. Das espécies coletadas, 33 são nativas, confirmando que os recursos possuem um importante papel na diversificação alimentar da comunidade. Talinum paniculatum e Pereskia aculeata são exemplos de plantas que cujas folhas e frutos podem ser consumidas como alimentí­cias. O levantamento mostrou que ruas, quintais e jardins podem ser aproveitados na obtenção de fontes de alimentos não convencionais. O uso cotidiano destas plantas poderá contribuir para a conservação da biodiversidade, pois é mais fácil conservar as espécies de plantas cujas funções são conhecidas. É importante ressaltar a utilização dos dados desta pesquisa na popularização da Ciência e mitigação do analfabetismo botânico, proporcionando assim a difusão do conhecimento das PANC para a população geral.
Série Biodiversidade do Jardim Botânico de Brasí­lia
Authors: Bonvicino Cibele Rodrigues , Soares Vânia de Araujo , Sampaio Roberto C. , Bezerra Alexandra Maria Ramos
Published: March 2021

O Jardim Botânico de Brasí­lia (JBB) é uma unidade de conservação de Brasí­lia, DF, localizada na área central do Brasil, criada para preservar parte do bioma Cerrado. É constituí­da por um mosaico de fisionomias vegetais e variações de ambientes, incluindo três categorias de formações fitofisionômicas: florestas, savanas e campos. Apresentamos informações sobre a mastofauna, a partir de levantamentos promovidos por servidores e pesquisadores colaboradores do Este Guia apresenta informações sobre a mastofauna, a partir de levantamentos promovidos por servidores e pesquisadores colaboradores do Jardim Botânico de Brasí­lia (JBB) desde 2009, incluindo dados inéditos na literatura. Os registros foram realizados por intermédio da utilização de método direto (captura e visualização do animal), câmeras fotográficas com sensores automáticos e rastreamento de pegadas e fezes. A fauna de mamí­feros terrestres para a área do JBB e entorno, é constituí­da por, pelo menos, 56 espécies, divididas entre: 22 roedores, oito marsupiais, cinco tatus, dois tamanduás, dois primatas, quatro felinos, três caní­deos e outras quatro espécies de carní­voros, três veados, o coelho-do-mato e a anta. Essa lista é baseada em registros confiáveis, como espécimes-testemunho para os pequenos mamí­feros (roedores e marsupiais) e fotos e registros diretos para as espécies de maior porte (veados, macacos, carní­voros, anta, tatus e tamanduás). Apenas duas das espécies de roedores listadas ainda não têm registro dentro do JBB, mas em regiões limí­trofes, sendo provável sua presença e, por isso, são aqui, também, apresentadas. Para cada espécie são fornecidos o nome comum em português, nome cientí­fico seguido pelo autor que descreveu a espécie, nome comum em inglês, etimologia do nome cientí­fico, status de conservação, distribuição geográfica com mapa, descrição morfológica, comentários sobre a biologia (incluindo, quando possí­vel, dados de dieta, hábitos e reprodução) e bibliografia utilizada. As medidas foram incluí­das por ajudarem na identificação do animal. Nem sempre foi possí­vel manter a homogeneidade das informações, uma vez que muitas espécies não são bem conhecidas, e com os constantes avanços taxonômicos, espécies foram revalidadas e não foram ainda avaliadas. O JBB protege em sua área 14 espécies de mamí­feros terrestres categorizadas em algum critério de ameaça pelo ICMBio, sendo 10 consideradas ââ?¬Å?Vulneráveisââ?¬Â, duas ââ?¬Å?Em Perigoââ?¬Â, e duas ââ?¬Å?Quase Ameaçadasââ?¬Â, mostrando a importância dessa unidade de conservação na proteção a essas espécies. No JBB os carní­voros possuem o maior número de espécies (5) com algum grau de ameaçada, seguido dos roedores (3), e dos marsupiais, primatas, perissodáctilos, artiodátilos, tatus e tamanduás, cada um com uma espécie ameaçada na área. Esse quadro reforça a importância das unidades de conservação, de todas as categorias, para a manutenção da diversidade.
Family Planning Radio Messages Directed at Men and Women in a Developing Society: A Case Study
Authors: Umuerri Alex Eloho , Okeibunor Ngozi Bibian
Published: March 2021

The study examined radio family planning messages with particular reference to the nature of the audience influence on communication content by using a chat program on radio in a developing society. The study adopted content analysis research method with a purposive sampling technique and used a radio script having six items for analyses. Results showed that there were more family planning segments for women than for men and, there were more family planning for drugs/pills and materials/implantation than for injection. In addition, there were side effects in the use of family planning just as there were quite a number of frequently asked questions except for condoms-fiesta/kiss. This paper concludes that radio scripts/messages for family planning programs should accommodate more topics/segments of family planning for men and women, specifically, natural methods should be included. Furthermore, radio family planning messages should focus more on the benefits of family planning and specifically the benefits of contraceptive pill and post pill emergency should be examined. Other formats of programs should be employed in the campaign for family planning messages on radio, and development communicators and content developers of radio family planning scripts should explore more areas to make radio messages more robust.
Changes in the serum levels of anti-inflammatory interleukins in patients with atopic dermatitis after a course of phototherapy
Authors: Plakhova Kseniya I. , Khasanova A. R. , Tarasenko G. N. , Shadyzheva L. I.
Published: March 2021

BACKGROUND: The role of immunological disorders in the development of atopic dermatitis (AD) is currently beyond doubt.
AIMS: Changes in the serum levels of IL-4, IL-10 and IL-13 in patients with atopic dermatitis (AD) after UV therapy combined with standard drug treatment have been studied.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study included 80 patients with moderate to severe AD and 80 healthy volunteers. The patients with AD received a course of 311 nm UVB phototherapy combined with standard drug therapy. Serum IL-4, IL-10 and IL-13 levels were determined through enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).
RESULTS: In the studied sample, patients with AD were found to have statistically significantly higher serum levels of IL-10 and IL-13 compared with healthy volunteers of the control group. Serum IL-10 level was 18.3 pg/ml in patients with AD and 13.2 pg/ml in those of the control group; the level of IL-13 was 15.8 pg/ml and 11.5 pg/ml, respectively; after the course of 311 nm UVB, serum IL-10 and IL-13 levels in patients with AD decreased (IL-10 by 27.8% and IL-13 by 12.5%). IL-4 values did not differ significantly in patients with AD and those in the control group, being 0.06 pg/ml and 0.05 pg/ml, respectively; after the course of phototherapy, serum IL-4 levels remained unchanged and were equal to 0.05 pg/ml.
CONCLUSION: The results obtained confirm the assumptions about the significant role of IL-10 and IL-13 in the mechanisms of AD regulation and pathogenesis and demonstrate the anti-inflammatory efficacy of phototherapy (311 nm UVB) in patients with severe and moderate AD.
Rationale and utility of sub-therapeutic/low dose cytokines and growth factors in dermatology: an overview
Authors: Podder I. , Sadoughifar R. , Goldust M. , Torello Lotti
Published: March 2021

The review presents data on a new low-dose medicine approach in several dermatoses such as psoriasis, atopic dermatitis and vitiligo based on the signaling molecules, which are responsible for the cross-talk between the psychoneuroendocrine and immune system and regulate the cellular responses to internal and external stimuli. An imbalance of specific signal molecules leads to inflammatory, allergic and autoimmune disorders. The mechanisms of signal molecules action and aspects of Psycho-neuro-endocrine-immunology are presented. Recent studies on efficacy of low-dose medicine along with recommended strategies in psoriasis vulgaris (IL-4, IL-10, IL-11), atopic dermatitis (IL-12, IFN), and vitiligo (IL-10, IL-4, anti-IL-1, b-FGF) are observed.
Hydroxychloroquine in patients with novel coronavirus infection (COVID-19): a case-control study
Authors: Kamalov A. A. , Mareev V. Yu. , Orlova Ya. A. , Plisyk A. G. , Akopyan Z. A. , Mareev Yu. V. , Mershina E. A. , Begrambekova Yu. L. , Pakhomov P. V.
Published: March 2021

Actuality One of the most widely discussed treatments for patients with COVID-19, especially at the beginning of the epidemy, was the use of the antimalarial drug hydroxychloroquine (HCQ). The first small non-randomized trials showed the ability of HCQ and its combination with azithromycin to accelerate the elimination of the virus and ease the acute phase of the disease. Later, large, randomized trials did not confirm it (RECOVERY, SOLIDARITY). This study is a case-control study in which we compared patients who received and did not receive HCQ.Material and Methods 103 patients (25 in the HCQ treatment group and 78 in the control group) with confirmed COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2 virus RNA was detected in 26 of 73 in the control group (35.6%) and in 10 of 25 (40%) in the HCQ group) and in the rest - a typical picture of viral pneumonia on multislice computed tomography [MSCT]) were included in the analysis. The severity of lung damage was limited to stages I-II, the CRP level should not exceed 60 mg/dL, and oxygen saturation in the air within 92-98%. We planned to analysis the duration of treatment of patients in the hospital, the days until the normalization of body temperature, the number of points according to the original SHOCS-COVID integral scale, and changes in its components (C-reactive protein (CRP), D-dimer, and the percentage of lung damage according to MSCT).Results Analysis for the whole group revealed a statistically significant increase in the time to normalization of body temperature from 4 to 7 days (by 3 days, p<0.001), and the duration of hospitalization from 9.4 to 11.8 days (by 2.4 days, p=0.002) when using HCQ in comparison with control. Given the incomplete balance of the groups, the main analysis included 46 patients who were matched by propensity score matching. The trend towards similar dynamics continued. HCQ treatment slowed down the time to normalization of body temperature by 1.8 days (p=0.074) and lengthened the hospitalization time by 2.1 days (p=0.042). The decrease in scores on the SHOCS -COVID scale was statistically significant in both groups, and there were no differences between them (delta - 3.00 (2.90) in the HCQ group and - 2.69 (1.55) in control, p=0.718). At the same time, in the control group, the CRP level returned to normal (4.06 mg/dl), and with the use of GC, it decreased but remained above the norm (6.21 mg/dl, p=0.05). Side effects requiring discontinuation of treatment were reported in 3 patients in the HCQ group and none in the control group.Conclusion We have not identified any positive properties of HCQ and its ability to influence the severity of COVID-19. This antimalarial agent slows down the normalization of the body's inflammatory response and lengthens the time spent in the hospital. HCQ should not be used in the treatment of COVID-19.
Explotación y conservación de los recursos forestales: las ordenanzas de Nájera de 1560
Authors: Martínez Navas Isabel
Published: March 2021

Las ordenanzas locales son una valiosa fuente de información en relación a diferentes aspectos de la organización de la vida en la localidad. Buena parte de ellas, contiene prescripciones atentas al equilibrio entre la explotación y la necesaria conservación de los montes. Las que aquí se analizan corresponden a la segunda mitad del siglo XVI y al ámbito de la ciudad de Nájera y su comarca.
To compare postoperative analgesic effect of ropivacaine with or without dexamethasone in ultra sound guided transversus abdominis plane block for patients undergoing lower abdominal surgeries - A prospective & randomized study
Authors: Banerjee Arnab , Pareek Shailendra Kumar , Goyal Pradeep K
Published: March 2021

Ultrasound guided transversus abdominis plane block is an efficacious abdominal field block. The aim was to determine the effect of adding dexamethasone to 0.375% ropivacaine on the analgesic duration of TAP block in patients undergoing lower abdominal surgeries.

A double blinded randomised control study conducted on 60 patients, 30 in each group. Group A: 0.375% ropivacaine (19 ml) with dexamethasone 4mg (1 ml) total 20ml each side. Group B: 0.375% ropivacaine (19 ml) with normal saline (1 ml) total 20ml each side in TAP block after lower abdominal surgery. Primary objective, to compare the duration of postoperative analgesia provided by the block and secondary objectives to compare the total amount of rescue analgesia required in first 24 h postoperatively and any side effect of ropivacaine in TAP block. Numeric rating scale scores used to assess pain between the two groups. Ethical committee approval was obtained.

Duration of analgesia was significantly longer in group A with time of first analgesia need (12.44 ± 1.60 h) compared to group B (10.69 ± 1.79 h), P <0.001.Group A had decreased total rescue analgesic ampoule requirement postoperatively compared to group B (1.27 ± 0.64 vs. 1.63 ± 0.56 ampoule, P = 0.024) (P < 0.005). NRS scores for pain was significantly higher in group B than group A at 1hr, 2hr, and 4 hr postoperatively.

Addition of dexamethasone to ropivacaine in TAP block significantly prolongs the duration of postoperative analgesia.
Comparison of induction characteristics of 1 percent propofol versus 2 percent propofol during induction in elective plastic surgery procedures
Authors: Pathy Archana , Geeta Kaniti , Giri Mathsya , Karishma Kanchetty , Durga Padmaja
Published: March 2021

Propofol is the most widely used and available agent. Due to its complex formulations many preparations of propofol existed in the market.

Compare the induction characteristics of 1% propofol with 2% propofol in adults undergoing elective plastic surgery procedures.

Randomized double blind prospective study conducted after institutional ethics committee in our institute.

We have recruited sixty adult patients of either sex and age between eighteen to sixty year for the study who were randomly allocated in to two groups. Group one (1% propofol) and group two (2% propofol) of thirty patients each. Induction characteristics like time to loss of consciousness, entropy less than forty, incidence of hypotension, bradycardia, involuntary movement as well as the total dose required was calculated in both groups.

Time to loss of verbal response and entropy less than 40 was less in the two percent propofol group. Overall incidence of hypotension was 15% but the incidence was much higher in group one 26.6% (p value < 0.05). The incidence of bradycardia was around 16%, the incidence was much more in group 1 as compared to group 2 (p <0.05).
The use of forced air warmer for the prevention of inadvertent perioperative hypothermia under general anaesthesia - A prospective observational study
Authors: Prabhakar Abhini , Pethkar Trupti
Published: March 2021

Temperature is an important parameter which determines patient outcomes perioperatively. Iatrogenic hypothermia during surgery under general anaesthesia leads to significant side effects which can be corrected with the use of active body surface warming devices like the forced air warmer.

A prospective observational study was conducted with a sample size of 362 which included patients of either sex aged 18-65years posted for any elective surgery under general anaesthesia lasting >60 and ≤180minutes. Baseline oral temperature was recorded preoperatively. Patients were warmed with forced air warmer intraoperatively at 44°C with half hourly monitoring of nasopharyngeal temperature until extubation. Intravenous fluids were given at room temperature. Further, oral temperature was monitored at 15 and 60 minutes in post anaesthesia care unit and patients were warmed if hypothermic or shivering.

The final mean intraoperative temperature (nasopharyngeal) was 36.01⁰C (n=362) with a range from 34.7⁰C to 37.1⁰C. 139 of 362(n) (38.4%) patients were hypothermic (<36⁰C) at the end of surgery. 61.6% of patients were normothermic. In 9 patients (2.5%, n=362) the forced air warmer was turned off due to over heating (temperature >37⁰C). 33 patients (n=362, 9.1%) had shivering postoperatively. Comparing the nasopharyngeal temperature (mean) at half hourly intervals post induction revealed statistically significant results (p<0.001).

The establishment of near constant temperature (36±0.03°C) following the initial fall in core body temperature can be attributed to the forced air warmer. However, it is imperative to continuously monitor core body temperature to detect temperature changes(hypo/hyperthermia) in order to use the device safely as chances of overheating is always present.
Evaluation of low dose hyperbaric bupivacaine with or without fentanyl in perianal surgeries: A prospective randomized double blind trial
Authors: Jangi Krishan Gopal , Kuldeep Arti , Raiger Lalit Kumar , Sharma Swati
Published: March 2021

Spinal anaesthesia should be ideal for perianal surgeries due to its quick onset, reliable anaesthesia with minimal supplies making it cost-effective technique with rapid turnover time.

90 patients of ASA grade I-II scheduled for perianal surgeries divided into three groups of 30 each according to intrathecal dose of local anaesthetic: Group LB (Low dose bupivacaine): 0.6 ml of 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine (3mg), Group ULBF (ultralow dose bupivacaine plus fentanyl): 0.4 ml of 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine (2 mg) + 0.2 ml of fentanyl (10 µg) and Group ULB (ultra low dose of bupivacaine): 0.4 ml of 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine (2 mg) + 0.2 ml of normal saline. Three groups were compared in terms of success of block, time to first rescue analgesic from time of block, total rescue analgesic (tramadol) needed in 8 hours since time of block, visual analogue score (VAS) and patient satisfaction score.

Successful saddle block was achieved in all patients in Group ULBF, 27 patients in Group LB and none in Group ULB. Group ULBF showed significantly lower mean VAS score when compared to Group ULB and Group LB, and Group LB when compared to Group ULB. Thus the group using fentanyl intrathecally had significantly lesser pain, so the requirement for the first dose of rescue analgesic was significantly earlier in Group ULB and delayed in Group ULBF. Patient satisfaction score was significantly higher in Group ULBF as compared to Group LB and Group ULB and in Group LB as compared to Group ULB.

Use of hyperbaric bupivacaine in dose of 3 mg and 2 mg with fentanyl (10 μg) in saddle block are an effective method of achieving successful surgical anaesthesia in patients undergoing perianal surgeries. Hyperbaric bupivacaine (2mg) with fentanyl (10µg) is better than other in providing postoperative analgesia.
Comparison of ketofol versus propofol for procedural sedation and analgesia in cervical cancer brachytherapy: A prospective, randomized double blind study
Authors: Gupta Monika , Damor Pankaj , Naithani Udita , Verma Ritu , Yadav Ansika
Published: March 2021

Most common drug used for outpatient procedural sedation and analgesia is propofol, with limitations like systemic hypotension. Combining propofol with ketamine preserves sedation efficacy, minimizing their respective adverse effects. So, we aimed to compare ketofol (ketamine+propofol) versus propofol regarding their total drug consumption, recovery profile, effect on haemodynamic and respiratory parameters in brachytherapy patients.

A prospective, randomized, controlled double blind study was carried out in 100 female patients between 20-60 years, 30-70kg, ASA I-III undergoing brachytherapy as outpatient procedure on elective basis, after ethical clearance from institutional committee. These were randomly divided into 2 groups (50 each). Group P-Injpropofol (10mg/ml) 2mg/kg for induction and 20mg as supplementation. Group K-Injketofol (10mg/ml) (ketamine 50mg+propofol 100mg, 1:2) 2mg/kg for induction and 20 mg as supplementation.

The supplementation dose required was significantly higher in propofol group (800mg) as compared to ketofol group (20mg) (p=0.00). Also, the fall in SBP and DBP was significantly less in ketofol group than propofol group (p<0.01). The mean awakening time (time from end of procedure to MRSS =3) andmean recovery time (time from end of procedure to achievement of Aldrete score 10) was more in ketofol group than propofol group (p<0.003), the difference was less than 1-2 min, so it was clinically not significant.

Ketamine-propofol combination in 1:2 ratio in a single syringe as ketofolis better alternative to propofol in providing sedation and analgesia with better haemodynamic stability, for outpatient brachytherapy procedure in cancer cervix patients.
A clinical study: Inguinal hernia repair under local block
Authors: Parikh Palakben , Kapadia Rupal , Musa Hanna , Mehta Namrata , Kapadiya Lalit
Published: March 2021

This study was conducted to evaluate advantages of local anaesthesia in high risk patients and to assess patient’s satisfaction, speed of recovery and postoperative analgesia.

In our study we gave combined Ilioinguinal and Iliohypogastric nerve block with field block in 30 patients. The patients were monitored for hemodynamic changes and total duration of analgesia and quality of analgesia.

In this study 23% patients were of ASA I, 30% ASA II and 46.7% had ASA III grade. All patients were hemodynamically stable throughout procedure and surgery. Average duration of the analgesia was 188 min (about 3 hours). Quality of analgesia was excellent in 66.6% patients, good in 16.6% patients, poor in 6.6% patients and 10%patients had severe intolerable pain and converted to GA.

We found that inguinal hernia repair under local anaesthesia was safe, simple, cost-effective and also provides good postoperative analgesia. It is more useful in high risk patients where we need to avoid effects of general, spinal or epidural anaesthesia for hernia surgeries.
Comparison of adjuvant effects of intrathecal magnesium sulfate and dexmedetomidine with hyperbaric bupivacaine
Authors: Poovathai Raja , Sundararaju Sathis C , Kamal Batcha Mohamed Haaris B
Published: March 2021

Surgeries involving infraumblical regions are commonly done under spinal anaesthesia. No single adjuvant to bupivacaine found to prolong the duration of analgesia and to reduce its limitations.

To compare the block characteristics of intrathecal administration of dexmedetomidine and magnesium sulfate as an adjuvant with bupivacaine in infraumblical surgeries.

This is a prospective randomized double-blinded study. Around 90 American Society of Anaesthesiologist physical status I and II patients, scheduled for infraumblical surgeries were enrolled in this study. Patients were randomly assigned into Group B (bupivacaine), Group D (bupivacaine plus dexmedetomidine) and Group M (bupivacaine plus magnesium sulfate). In the operating theatre, baseline values were recorded. Onset and duration of sensory and motor block, time of rescue analgesia were noted.

The onset of sensory block was rapid in Group D (2.63 ± 0.66 min) and slow in Group M (6.35 ± 0.87 min) when compared to Group B (2.93 ± 0.785 min) with a statistically significant difference. Motor duration (min) was prolonged in Group D (423.00 ± 12.360) and early in the Group M (165 ± 31.55) when compared to Group B (219.23 ± 14.875).

For the surgery, which requires prompt onset and long duration of analgesia,dexmedetomidine can be used as an adjuvant. However, surgical procedures that permit delayed onset block and shorter duration of analgesia,magnesium sulfate can be preferred.
Evaluation of performance of Ambu® AuraGainTM and Laryngeal Mask Airway® SupremeTM in adult patients for elective surgeries under general anaesthesia: A randomized prospective comparative study
Authors: Kumar M R Anil , B S Smruthy , S Hemalatha , C L Gurudatt
Published: March 2021

Second generation supraglottic airway devices (SAD) are gaining importance due to their better seal pressure. Recently introduced Ambu® AuraGain™ (AAG) and LMA® Supreme™ (LMAS) needs evaluation regarding their safety and efficacy.

Evaluation of AAG and LMAS in terms of Oropharyngeal Leak Pressure (OLP) and performance characteristics.

: A randomised prospective comparative study done in JSS Medical College and Hospital, Mysuru, Karnataka, India.

140 adult patients posted for elective surgeries requiring general anaesthesia were randomised into two groups. SAD was inserted using standardized techniques and evaluated for OLP as primary objective.

The data analysed using SPSS software version 22 and descriptive statistics were expressed as mean ± standard deviation (SD), percentage. Kruskal-Wallis rank sum tests were used for quantative data analysis, p <0.05 was considered significant.

138 patients (AAG = 68; LMAS =70) completed the study. There was significant difference noted between the OLP of AAG 33.59±3.65 cmH2O and LMAS 29.67±3.28 cmH2O (p value 0.001). LMAS had first attempt insertion success rate of 87% (61/70) as against 80% (56/70) in AAG, but was statistically insignificant (p value 0.549). Mean time for insertion of LMAS was 18.94± 5.2 seconds and AAG 20.11±4.9 seconds, (p value = 0.18). The ease of insertion of SAD, gastric tube insertion through the SAD and post-operative complications were comparable between the groups.

Ambu® AuraGain™ was found to have a higher OLP in sustaining positive pressure ventilation, airway protection against aspiration in patients undergoing general anaesthesia.

Oropharyngeal leak pressure is better with Ambu® AuraGain™ compared to LMA® Supreme™ while other performance characteristics of both the devices are comparable.
The effect of pre-emptive paracetamol on postoperative analgesic requirement in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy: A randomized control study
Authors: Sarna Rashi , Arora Geetika , Chauhan Rajeev , Bloria Summit
Published: March 2021

Pre-emptive paracetamol has been shown to decrease postoperative analgesia requirement in many patient populations; however evidence supporting its role in laparoscopic cholecystectomy is lacking. Our aim was to determine the effect of Pre-emptive paracetamol on post-operative analgesia requirement in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

Ninety patients belonging to American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status I or II were randomly assigned to 3 groups. Group I received 1 gram of paracetamol intravenously 30 min prior to surgery; Group II received 1 gram of paracetamol intravenously intraoperatively at time of skin closure and Group III was the control group and did not receive any paracetamol. The postoperative pain scores by VAS and analgesia requirement was compared in the 3 groups’ upto 6 hours postoperatively.

The postoperative pain scores remained comparable in the 3 groups for most of the duration of study. The post-operative fentanyl consumption was significantly lesser in Groups I and II as compared to group III. There was no difference in the sedation scores and in the incidence of PONV in the two groups.

Pre-emptive intravenous paracetamol is effective in the treatment of postoperative pain after laparoscopic cholecystectomy.