bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A rapid and convenient method for the synthesis of labelled tertiary amines
Authors: Soudijn W. , van Wijngaarden I.
Published: October 2006

A rapid and simple procedure is described for synthesizing a wide range of tritium and 14C‐labelled tertiary amines in millimolar quantities with good yields by melting together alkylhalides and secondary amines.
Studies on methylazoxymethanol synthesis of 14C and 3H labelled methylazoxymethyl‐acetate
Authors: Horisberger Marc , Matsumoto Hiromu
Published: October 2006

The synthesis of 14C and 3H labelled methylazoxymethylacetate, ( MAM‐ O Ac), a hepatotoxic and carcinogenic compound, was accomplished by the incorporation of a radioisotope labelled methyl group into N,N′ ‐dimethylhydrazine with methyl iodide instead of dimethyl sulfate. Monosodium dibenzoylhydrazine was methylated with labelled methyl iodide and the second methyl group was subsequently added with unlabelled dimethyl sulfate to produce N,N′ ‐dimethylhydrazine. This modification made it possible to prepare labelled N,N′ ‐dimethylhydrazine with a small amount of total radioactivity and avoid an excessive waste of the methyl label. The labelled compound was then used in the synthesis of MAM‐OAc by a previously published procedure. The incorporation of radioactivity into N,N′‐dimethylhydrazine was in the range of 75‐95 %. Better yields were obtained for 3H than for 14C MAM‐OAc.
Biosynthesis of alginic acid‐C‐14 (G)
Authors: Doshi Y. A. , Rao P. S.
Published: October 2006

The brown algae are characterised by their accumulation of polysaccharides, the more important ones being laminarin, fucoidin and alginic acid. It has been established by Bidwell et al. (1,2), that alginic acid is the most rapidly accumulated insoluble product on photosynthesis. The rapid appearance of such a large proportion of photosynthetic carbon in alginic acid suggests a possible method for the biosynthesis of radioactive alginic acid‐C‐14 (generally labelled, G). Such a synthesis is now carried out on laboratory scale and the details are given. The radioactive alginic acid‐C‐14(G) thus synthesised finds many uses, such as (1) for quantitative determination and estimation of alginic acid present in various seaweeds and (2) for ascertaining the role alginic acid plays in the metabolism of brown algae.
Synthesis of meta‐Terphenyl‐ 2,4,6,2′,5′,2″,4″,6″‐D8
Authors: Otto P. Ph. H. L. , Stein F. , Juppe G.
Published: October 2006

A synthesis of meta‐terphenyl‐2,4,6,2′,5′,2″,4″,6″‐D8 has been carried out. From iodobenzene‐2,4,6‐D3 and 2,6‐dibromo‐1,4‐dinitrobenzene, the compound 2′,5′‐dinitro‐meta‐terphenyl‐2,4,6,2″,4″,6″‐D6 is formed (Ullmann reaction). By reduction of the nitrogroups and subsequent reductive diazotization, two deuterium atoms are introduced into the centre ring at positions 2′ and 5′. The labelled meta‐terphenyl has been obtained in 15 % yield, based on labelled iodobenzene. Deuterium substitution is ≥ 98% at positions 2,4,6,2′,5′,2″,4″ and 6″, and ≤ 1 % at the other positions.
Préparation de Stéroïdes 16‐3H à partir du 3α‐Acetoxy 20‐Oxo (5β) Pregna‐16‐ENE
Authors: Weinman S. , Livet J.
Published: October 2006

Les quatre stéroïdes suivants — 3α‐hydroxy 20‐oxo (5β) prégnane 16‐3H — 3α, 17α‐dihydroxy 20‐oxo (5β) prégnane 16‐3H — 3α, 17α, 20β‐trihydroxy (5β) prégnane 16‐3H — 3α‐hydroxy 17‐oxo (5β) androstane 16‐3H ainsi que les acétates correspondants, ont tous été obtenus à partir du 3α‐acétoxy 20‐oxo (5β) prégna‐16‐ène dans un état de pureté radiochimique satisfaisant, en peu d'étapes, au moyen de réactions de bon rendement de marquage.
Labelling of thioxanthine, thioguanine and 2‐thio‐uracil with 35S by isotopic exchange
Authors: Choitan C. , Zamfir I.
Published: October 2006

The labelling of TX and TG with 35S has been performed by Moravek and Nejedly (1), by isotopic exchange with elemental radiosulphur in boiling pyridine solution. The authors do not give any indications regarding the kinetics and the exchange yields. 2‐Thio‐uracil has been labelled only by synthesis in 1958 by Ziegler (2).

We have done this study, aiming to find some simpler labelling methods than those described in the literature.
Synthesis of DL‐tyrosine‐4‐14C
Authors: Kim J. H. , Creger C. R. , Couch J. R.
Published: October 2006

DL‐tyrosine‐4‐14C has been synthesized with an overall yield 29.3 % based on phenol‐1‐14C as the starting material. Anisole‐I‐14C was prepared by methylation of phenol‐1‐14C with dimethyl sulfate. The radioactive anisole was then converted to p‐anisaldehyde‐4‐14C by a modified Gattermann reaction and then condensed with hydantoin to give 5‐(4‐methoxybenzylidene‐4‐14C) hydantoin. The hydantoin was then converted into DL‐tyrosine‐4‐14C.
Microsynthèse du parapolyphényle tritié à très haute activité spécifique
Authors: Péters J. M. , Guillaume M.
Published: October 2006

Le parapolyphényle (C6H4)n présente une grande stabilité thermique et moléculaire (anneau benzénique) alliée à une haute teneur en hydrogène. Ces caractéristiques nous autorisent à tenter la tritiation de ce polymère à très haute activité spécifique. Ainsi trilié, ce dernier est susceptible ďětre utilisé comme cible pour la production de neutrons de 14 MeV dans les petits accélérateurs. Ľétude de la microsynthèse du polyphényle tritié fait ľobjet de ce travail.

Deux microsynthèses ont été effectuées conduisant à des activités spécifiques de 17 C/mM et 31 C/mM. Les rendements isotopiques de synthèse et ľautoradiolyse de ces polymères tritiés ont été évalués.
Specific 3H‐labelling by diimide reduction of unsaturated bonds. I. Mechanism of reductions with hydrazine in aprotic solvents
Authors: Koch G. K.
Published: October 2006

The applicability of aprotic solvents for hydrazine reductions was studied for labelling purposes and acetonitrile was found to be a favourable medium for this reaction. The reaction can be carried out in the absence of protons, but small amounts of acetic acid have a catalytic effect. Kinetic investigations have shown that oxygen supply in the medium is the rate‐determining step under the conditions applied. The mechanism of the reaction is discussed. No explanation can be given of the autocatalytic and acid‐catalysed acceleration of the reaction.
Preparation of millicurie quantities of oxygen‐15 labeled water
Authors: Welch Michael J. , Lifton Judith F. , Ter‐Pogossian Michel M.
Published: October 2006

Due to the annihilation radiation of the positron emitting oxygen‐15, H215O has great potential for tracer studies. The method of preparation utilized the fast exchange reaction between carbon dioxide and carbonic acid. It was found that the rate of exchange depended on the temperature, the solution used and the dynamic state of the solution. Utilizing this exchange reaction, water with a specific activity of 80 mCi/cc was prepared.
Reactions of salts of aromatic carboxylic acids in an atmosphere of 14CO2 and preparation of some of these acids labelled with 14C
Authors: Ratusky J. , Tykva R.
Published: October 2006

The transcarboxylation reaction mechanisms of aromatic carboxylic acid salts in an atmosphere of 14CO2 was studied 2,6‐Naphthalenedicarboxylic, 2,5‐pyridine‐dicarboxylic and 2,5‐furanedicarboxylic acids, labelled with 14C in the carboxylic groups were prepared.
The preparation and purification of anomer‐free methyl α‐D‐ [gluco‐14C(U)] pyranoside
Authors: Bartlett Gillian M. , Sheppard G.
Published: October 2006

Methyl α‐D‐[gluco‐14C(U)] pyranoside was synthesized from D‐glucose‐14C(U) and methanol using a cation exchange resin catalyst, but was found to contain 10 % of the β‐anomer as a radiochemical impurity. This was conveniently removed by treatment with a β‐glucosidase — almond emulsin — to yield the pure α‐anomer whose analysis is fully described.
Synthese yon 4‐14C, 7‐3H und Heptanoyl‐1′‐14C markiertem 17 β‐Heptanoyloxy‐17α‐äthinyl‐4‐östren‐3‐on
Authors: Schulze P. E.
Published: October 2006

Es wird die Synthese eines 14C und 3 H markierten 17β‐Heptanoyloxy‐17α‐äthinyl‐4‐östren‐3‐on beschrieben.

Die 14C Markierung erfolgte in der Position 4 des Steroidmoleküls (VIIa) sowie in der Position ľ der Oenanthsäure (XII) und die 3H Markierung in Position 7 des Steroidmoleküls (VIIb).

Wir benutzten Ba14CO3 als Ausgangsmaterial und erreichten Ausbeuten über alle Stufen von 6% (VIIa) und 35% (XII); ausgehend vom Tritiumgas betrug die Ausbeute 6% (VIIb). Die Endprodukte wurden sorgfältigst gereinigt und der chemische und radiochemische Reinheitsgrad in mindestens zwei Dünnschichtsystemen und einer Verdünnungsanalyse geprüft. Die Verunreinigungen waren <3 %.
Synthese und Anwendung von 14C‐markiertem Pyrokohlensäurediäthylester
Authors: Fischer E. , Schelenz R.
Published: October 2006

Die Synthese von zwei mit 14C unterschiedlich markierten Pyrokohlensäurediäthylestern wird beschrieben. Der einfach darzustellende Pyrokohlensäurediäthylester ist ein ausgezeichnetes Mittel zur Synthese auch von sonst schwierig zugänglichen markierten Estern und Carbäthoxyverbindungen. Während Pyrokohlensäure‐diäthylester‐(Carbonyl‐14C) nur zur Synthese 14C‐markierter N‐, S‐, und O‐Carbäthoxyverbindungen brauchbar ist, liefert Pyrokohlensäurediäthylester‐(Äthyl‐14C) sowohl 14C‐markierte Äthylester als auch 14C‐markierte Carbäthoxyverbindungen.
Synthesis of O‐ethyl‐S‐phenyl‐14C(U)‐ethylphosphonodithioate
Authors: Kalbfeld Jules , Pitt Harold M. , Hermann Donald A.
Published: October 2006

O‐Ethyl‐S‐phenyl‐ethylphosphonodithioate (1) a broad spectrum soil insecticide (2) was uniformly labeled in the benzene ring with Carbon‐14 to expand the residue and metabolism information (3) gained from previous labelings of this compound (4).
The synthesis of 14C‐labeled chlorogenic acid
Authors: Debardeleben J. F. , Teng L. C.
Published: October 2006

14C‐Labeled chlorogenic acid (specific activity 30.6 nCi/mg) was synthesized by reaction of diphenylmethyl‐1‐0‐ethoxy‐carbonyl‐4,5‐0‐isopropylidenequinate (V) with 0,0‐dimethylcarbonyl caffeoyl chloride‐α‐14C (VIII) followed by selective hydrolysis of the protecting groups.
The preparation and purification of labelled β‐adrenergic blocking agents. Part I. Synthesis of carbon‐14 and tritium labelled 1‐isopropylamino‐3‐(1‐naphthyloxy)‐propan‐2‐ol hydrochloride, (propranolol hydrochloride, inderal
Authors: Burns J.
Published: October 2006

The preparation of 14C‐propranolol hydrochloride from 1‐naphthol‐1‐14C is described. Several preparations of the compound have been carried out with overall radiochemical yields of 17 %‐21 %. Specific activities of 3.51 μCi/mg, 8.8 μCi/mg, and 23.2 μCi/mg have been obtained.

Propranolol has also been tritium labelled non specifically by catalytic exchange with tritiated acetic acid. After extensive purification pure material with a specific activity of 940 μCi/mg was obtained.
The synthesis of some pyrimidine derivatives labelled with 14C
Authors: Jezdić V. , Razumenić N. , Skakun M. , Albahari S. , Odavić‐Josić J.
Published: October 2006

The procedures for synthesis of the following pyrimidine derivatives have been described (yields are given in brackets) : 2‐thiouracil‐2‐14C (94 %), uracil‐2‐14C (91 %), 2‐thiothymine‐2‐14C (92 %), thymine‐2‐14C (90 %), 5‐bromouracil‐2‐14C (95 %) and orotic acid‐6‐14C (68 %). All these substances are chemically and radiochemically homogeneous and pure. The procedures develop according to the known reaction schemes with some modifications offering better yields. A new apparatus has been constructed for the synthesis of orotic acid‐6‐14C enabling continuous work in the dry nitrogen atmosphere. Specific activities are 28–30 mCi/mmole. The activities used were 60 mCi, and for the orotic acid‐6‐14C 30–180 mCi.
T. C. in acidic media
Authors: Hamada Masayuki , Kiritani Reiko
Published: October 2006

Tritium labelling of aromatic compounds in a few acidic media and the intramolecular distributions of radioactivities in the tritiated compounds were investigated. Various kinds of aromatic compounds were treated with powerful acid complex, TH2PO4.BF3, or some other tritiated acids at room temperature. Aromatic compounds having electron‐donating substituents were easily labelled with tritium and the radioactivity in each compound was predominantly found at the ortho‐ and para‐positions of aromatic ring. Meanwhile, substituents which withdraw electrons from the aromatic ring inhibit the incorporation of tritium. Benzene and naphthalene were also labelled with tritium only when they were treated with TH2PO4 · BF3. This method was, however, not available for the nitrogen containing compounds. The reaction mechanism was also discussed.
Preparation of tritium labelled estetrol [estra‐1,3,5(10)‐ triene‐3,15α,16α,17β‐ tetrol 6,7‐3H]
Authors: Fishman Jack , Guzik Henry
Published: October 2006

The preparation of the tritium labelled fetal metabolite estra‐1, 3, 5 (10)‐3, 15α, 16α, 17β‐tetrol 6,7‐3H is described. The material was prepared by oxidation of the tetrol tetraacetate lb to the 6‐keto derivative II. Reduction of the 6‐ketone to the 6‐hydroxy compound III and dehydration with dimethylsulfoxide gave the Δ6 derivative III. Reduction of III with tritium followed by hydrolysis gave the tetrol‐3H with a specific activity of 43 curies/mmole.
On the relative conversion of 6,7‐3H‐estrone to 3H‐15α‐hydroxyestrogens and 3H‐7α‐hydroxyestrogens by Glomerella fusarioides
Authors: Frey Michael J. , Jirku Helmut , Levitz Mortimer
Published: October 2006

Mixtures of 6, 7‐3 H‐estrone and 16‐14C‐estrone were fermented in media of Glomerella fusarioides. Conversions of each form of estrone to 15α‐hydroxyestrone (15α‐OHE1) and 7α‐hydroxyestrone (7α‐OHE1) and in one experiment to 15α‐hydroxyestradiol (15α‐OHE2) and 7α‐hydroxyestradiol (7α‐OHE2) were compared. The metabolites were separated and purified by repeated column chromatography on Celite. Similar to results reported for non‐isotope studies, 14C‐estrone was converted to more 7α‐hydroxyestrogens than 15α‐hydroxyestrogens. The reverse was true for the tritiated substrate. The difference is attributed to an isotope effect resulting in diminished hydroxylation of the tritiated substrate at C‐7 with concomitant enhanced hydroxylation at C‐15 where no isotope effect would be expected. Reduction to 17β‐hydroxyestrogens also occurred, but quantitative significance for this pathway was confined to the 15α‐hydroxy compound.
Synthesis of t‐butyl‐2H9‐thiophenes
Authors: Fowler Rosemary G. , Higgins Robert W.
Published: October 2006

Interaction of 2‐thienylmagnesium bromide with t‐butyl chloride2H9 yielded 2‐(t‐butyl‐2H9) thiophene and 3‐(t‐butyl2H9) thiophene. Likewise, interaction of 5‐t‐butyl‐2‐thienylmagnesium bromide with t‐butyl chloride‐2H9 yielded 2,4‐di(t‐butyl‐4‐2H9) thiophene and 2,5‐di(t‐butyl‐5‐2H9) thiophene. The labeled mono‐t‐butyl‐thiophenes and the labeled di‐t‐butylthiophenes were separated by preparative gas chromatography. The structures of the four labeled compounds were established from infrared and nuclear magnetic resonance spectra. Nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectral data indicated that each of the deuterium labeled isomers were of high isotopic purity (99.22 % or better).
Synthèses du Phénol marqué en positions spécifiques par le tritium et le carbone 14
Authors: Bettens B. , Gonze J. M.
Published: October 2006

The synthesis of tritiated phenols in o, p and hydroxyl positions have been realized. The tritiated phenol in m position will be obtained by similar process.

The synthesis of phenols 1−14C and 2,6−14C has been made by basic condensation of acetone on nitromalonaldéhyde.

For each compounds: The different synthesis from inactive products were realized to obtain the best yields and the selected scheme has been applied to labelled derivates.

The purity of the products was determined by gas‐liquid chromatography.

Their activity was measured by liquid scintillation.

Les phénols 1−14C et 2,6−14C ont été synthétisés par condensation basique de l'acétone et du nitromalonaldéhyde.

Les phénols 3−14C, 4−14C et 5−14C n'ont pas été pris en considération.

Pour chacun des composés on a: — réalisé différentes synthèses à partir de composés inactifs, en vue de dégager les plus favorables.

— effectué l'analyse des produits obtenus par chromatographie en phase gazeuse, afin de déterminer leur degré de pureté.

— réalisé les synthèses choisies au moyen du tritium et du carbone 14. Les mesures d'activité ont été réalisées par scintillation liquide.
The synthesis of dehydro‐2‐norbornyl and 2‐norbornyl derivatives labeled at C‐3 with 14C
Authors: Lee C. C. , Kung F. L. , Hahn Bo‐Sup , Robson Adrian J.
Published: October 2006

The synthesis from 14CO2 of various endo‐ and exo‐3−14C‐dehydro‐2‐norbornyl and 2‐norbornyl derivatives, suitable for use in isotopic scrambling studies, is described.
Synthesis of geraniol‐7−14C
Authors: Durst H. D. , Leete E.
Published: October 2006

Geraniol‐7−14C has been synthesized in an overall yield of 46%, starting with acetone‐2−14C.
The synthesis of N‐ε‐2,4‐dinitrophenyl‐3,5,6−3H‐L‐lysine
Authors: Osinski P. A. , Bluard‐Deconinck J. M. , Schanck Karin
Published: October 2006

The N‐ε‐2,4‐dinitrophenyl‐3,5,6‐3‐lysine has been prepared from the 1‐fluoro‐2,4‐dinitrobenzene‐3,5,6−3H and from the N‐α‐carbobenzoxy‐L‐lysine. The specific activity obtained was 9,9 Ci/mmole and the radiochemical yield was of 34%. The use of this product in biological experiments is discussed.
Labelling of 1‐benzyl‐1‐(3′‐dimethylaminopropoxy)‐cycloheptane fumarate (active substance of the drug Halidor®) with 14C isotope
Authors: Bánfi D. , Volford J. , Pallos L. , Zólyomi G.
Published: October 2006

In order to study the pharmacological properties and mode of action of 1‐benzyl‐1‐(3′‐dimethylaminopropoxy)‐cycloheptane fumarate its labelling was performed with 14C. The radioactive carbon has been introduced into the benzyl group and into the dimethylamino moiety of the dimethylaminopropoxy side chain. The chemical and radiochemical purity of the two isotopic isomers was proved by thin layer chromatography and autoradiography.
Synthesis of 3α, 11β, 17α, 21‐tetrahydroxy‐[1−3H]‐5α‐pregnan‐20‐one, [1−3H]‐reichstein's compound C
Authors: Narasimha Rao P.
Published: October 2006

In order to fully understand the metabolic transformations of adrenocortical steroids, labelled 3α, 11β 17α,211‐tetrahydroxy‐5α‐pregnan‐20‐one, Reichstein's Compound C was required. Starting from hydrocortisone, the synthesis of [1−3H]‐Reichstein's Compound C has been accomplished.
Markierte verbindungen VIII (1) tetrachloräthylen‐(14C) und tetrachlorkohlenstoff‐(14C)
Authors: Boberg Friedrich , Khalaf Hosni , Habenstein Klaus
Published: October 2006

Starting with trichloromethane‐(14C), tetrachloroethylene‐(14C) and tetrachloromethane‐(14C) are prepared by cracking of octachloropropane‐(14C) (6a). The mechanism of catalytic and thermal cracking of 6a are discussed.
Contribution to the synthesis of 2‐deoxy‐D‐ribose‐1−14C
Authors: Soukupová V. , Vereš K.
Published: October 2006

For introducing 14C into position 1 of 2‐deoxyaldoses, methods based on prolongation of the carbon chain usually come into consideration since one can proceed from simple and inexpensive 14C‐compounds. Such a possibility is offered by the method of Fisher and Sowden(1, 2) which was applied by a number of other authors.
Markierte verbindungen X (1) mechanssmus der reaktion von hexachlorpropen zu trichloracrylsäure
Authors: Boberg Friedrich , Khalaf Hosni
Published: October 2006

The pentachloropropenylium‐ion is proved as intermediate for the reaction of hexachloropropene to trichloroacyclic acid in the reaction systems of Table 1. Moreover 14C‐ and 36Cl‐labelled chloro‐C2‐ and chloro‐C3‐compounds are synthesized.
Small‐scale degradation of carbon‐14 labelled carboxyl acids. III. Degradation of acetic acid−14C
Authors: Numrich R. , Nystrom R. F.
Published: October 2006

A simple and rapid degradation procedure is described for the determination of the millimolar radioactivity of the methyl and carboxyl groups in carbon‐14 labelled acetic acid. The barium salt of the acid is converted to barium carbonate and carbon dioxide by using pyrolysis in tandem with combustion at 500°C.
Synthèse de l'amino‐2 pyrimidine 14C‐2; de la N4‐di (chloro‐2 n‐propyl) sulfadiazine (pyrimidine 14C‐2) ou CB 1932 14C
Authors: Nguyen‐Hoang‐Nam  , Herbert Michel , Nguyen‐Dat‐Xuong  , Pichat Et Louis
Published: October 2006

A description is given of the preparation of N4‐di(2‐chloro n‐propyl) sulphadiazine (pyrimidine 14C‐2), specific activity: 16.6 mCi/mM, for cancer research. As intermediate product 2‐amino pyrimidine 14C‐2 which has not hitherto been described was obtained.
Synthèse du méthylène‐24 cholestérol 28−14C
Authors: Bottin Jean , Marcel Fétizon Et
Published: October 2006

A synthesis of 24‐methylene cholesterol, labelled at C28, is described. The key intermediate is 3β‐t‐butoxy‐chol‐5‐ene‐24‐al, which is formed by silver carbonate oxidation of the corresponding primary alcohol.
Substances naturelles marquées au carbone14 I. Synthèse d'un isomère de la triacanthine: La N6‐[méthyl‐3 butényl‐2 (14C‐1)] adénine
Authors: Nguyen‐Van‐Bag  , Herbert Michel , Nguyen‐Hoang‐Nam  , Pichat Louis , Nguyen‐Dat‐Xuong
Published: October 2006

Carbonation by 14CO2 of the Grignard derivative from 1‐isobutenyl bromide gave with a yield of 94% 3,3‐dimethylacrylic acid 14C‐1 which was esterified by diazomethane into methyl 3,3‐dimethylacrylate 14C‐1. The latter was reduced by LiAlH4 + AlCl3 into 3‐methyl‐2‐buten‐1‐ol 14C‐1 then converted to l‐bromo‐3‐methyl‐2‐butene 14C‐1 by treatment with PBr3. N‐(3‐methyl‐2‐butenyl) phthalimide 14C‐1 was obtained by action of potassium phthalimide on the bromide in D. M. F. The liberation of 3,3‐dimethylallylamine 14C‐1 and its condensation with 6‐chloropurine led to N6‐[3‐methyl‐2‐butenyl(14C‐1)] adenine with a radioactive overall yield of 14% based on Ba14CO3, specific activity: 38 mCi/mM.
Mise en évidence de groupements actifs dans les alkylpyrimidines. Étude de la mobilité des Hydrogènes par échange isotopique hydrogène‐deutérium. I. ‐ Étude cinétique qualitative
Authors: Dizabo Pierre , Monier Jean‐Claude , Pompon Alain
Published: October 2006

Methyl groups bound to heterocyclic rings may, in certain circumstances, exchange hydrogen for deuterium. This exchange has been studied for alkyl or amino‐alkylpyrimidines in acid medium. The qualitative results obtained as a function of acidity, substituant location and temperature confirm the reaction mechanism proposed by Brown except in the case of amino‐2 dimethyl‐4, 6 pyrimidine.
Preparation of tritium‐labelled phenethanolamines by catalytic reduction
Authors: Comer W. T. , Roth H. R.
Published: October 2006

Tritium‐labelled plenethanolamines have been readily prepared by catalytic reduction of corresponding α‐aminophenones. Erythro phenethanolamine racemates are exclusively formed by Pd‐catalyzed reduction of α‐alkyl‐α‐aminophenones. In one case, an α‐aminophenone was further reduced by tritium to the phenethylamine, which has never been observed with catalytic hydrogenation under similar conditions. In this manner, three adrenergic agents have been labelled for metabolism and tissue distribution studies: sotalol‐7−3H hydrochloride, soterenol‐7−3H hydrochloride, and mesuprine‐7−3H hydrochloride.
Synthesis of 5‐trifluoromethyluracil‐2−14C
Authors: Zambito Arthur J. , Chamberlin Earl M.
Published: October 2006

Diethyl ethoxymethylenemalonate was condensed with thiourea−14C in the presence of sodium ethylate to give ethyl 2‐thio‐6‐oxypyrimidine‐5‐carboxylate‐2−14C. Desulfurization of the latter pyrimidine with chloroacetic acid gave uracil‐5‐carboxylic acid‐2−14C, which was subsequently fluorinated with sulfur tetrafluoride and hydrogen fluoride to afford the desired 5‐trifluoromethyluracil‐2−14C in 25.6% overall yield based on thiourea.
Syntheses of tritium labeled nonionic detergents
Authors: Iwahashi Makio , Tajima Kazuo
Published: October 2006

Tritiated nonionic detergents, tri‐ and hexaoxyethylene glycol dodecyl ether, have been synthesized by condensation of triethylene glycol and dodecan‐2,3−3H, 3H‐ol‐1, which was obtained by tritiation of 2‐dodecenol as the condensation product of decanal and malonic acid. They are found to be chemically, radiochemically and surface‐chemically pure enough for adsorption experiments by radiotracer method.
Synthesis and purification of betamethasone‐1,2,4−3H and betamethasone‐1,2,4−3H 17‐benzoate
Authors: Merrill Edward J. , Vernice Gerald G.
Published: October 2006

Betamethasone 21‐acetate was catalytically reduced with tritium. The crude product was oxidized with 2,3‐dichloro‐5,6‐dicyano‐1,4‐benzoquinone (DDQ) to betamethasone‐1,2,4−3H 21‐acetate. Hydrolysis gave betamethasone‐1,2,4−3H, which, when allowed to react with trimethylorthobenzoate, gave both betamethasone‐1,2,4−3H 17,21‐methylorthobenzoate and betamethasone‐1,2,4−3H 17,21‐orthobenzoate. Selective hydrolysis of the betamethasone‐1,2,4−3H methylorthobenzoate gave the desired betamethasone‐1,2,4−3H 17‐benzoate.
Preparation of tritium‐labeled compounds. IV. A group of steroids by exposure to tritium gas
Authors: Thomas Richard C. , Ikeda George J. , Reineke Lester M.
Published: October 2006

Hydrocortisone, 21‐desoxy‐9α‐fluoro‐6α‐methylprednisolone, and 6α‐methylprednisolone, 21‐acetate were labeled with tritium by the Wilzbach tritium‐gas exposure method. The latter compound was also tritiated by exposure to tritium gas in the presence of a platinum‐black catalyst. Although extensive purifications were required, in each case radiochemically pure material of sufficiently high specific activity for its intended use was obtained. Incorporation of stably bound tritium was nine times greater by catalytic tritiation than by the conventional Wilzbach method.
Synthèse du citrate de (diéthyl‐amino‐éthoxy‐carbonyl) 3 pyridine (Nicametate) marqué par le 14C
Authors: Lintermans J. , Benakis A. , Williams J.
Published: October 2006

Starting from sodium acetate 14C‐1, the citrate of diethylamino‐ethanol nicotinic acid ester was labelled with 14C on the esterified ethanol. The chemical and radiochemical purity of the products obtained at the intermediary steps was checked by GLC. The end product was purified on thin‐layer chromatography after identification by autoradiography. The purity of the end product is of 99,8% and its specific activity of 20 mCi/mM.
Methodes d'acces AU methanol ‐ D4
Authors: Ahmadi Ahmad , Herbert Michel , Pichat Louis
Published: October 2006

Simple methods for the preparation of methanol D4 have been explored.

The “carboxy‐inversion” reaction has been applied to acetyle m‐chloroperoxybensoate, prepared with a 81% yield by action of m‐chloroperoxybenzoic acid with acetyl chloride. The carboxy inversion reaction yield is only 15%. This transposition is solvent dependent. When the solvent used is chlorinated e. g. C CL4, C CL2 = C Cl2 it participates in the reaction.

The oxydation of acetic anhydride with iodine does not provide methyle acetate while the method is successfull with the higher homologues.

A modification of the Hunsdiecker's method : e. g. action of bromine on acetic acid in presence of mercuric oxide provides methyl bromide with a 90% yield. Alcaline hydrolisis of the latter gives rise to methanol with a 60% yield.

An exchange reaction between dimethylsul foxide D6 and methanol OD in heavy water at 200°C in presences of NaOD has been briefly studied. CD3 OD is obtained while a part of DMSO D6 is reduced into dimethyl sulfide.
An enzymatic method for the preparation of L‐ [1‐14C] glycerol
Authors: Blackmore P. F. , Clark M. G. , Williams J. F.
Published: October 2006

Biologically labelled [1‐14C] glycerol (L‐[1‐14C] glycerol) was prepared by a two step process. Step one involved the preparation of [1‐14C] glycerol 3‐phosphate from 14CO2 and D‐ribulose 1, 5‐diphosphate using the enzymes, ribulose diphosphate carboxylase, phosphoglycerate kinase, glyceraldehyde 3‐phosphate dehydrogenase, triose phosphate isomerase and L‐α‐glycerophosphate dehydrogenase. Step two involved the conversion of [1‐14C] glycerol 3‐phosphate to [1‐14C] glycerol, by enzymatic dephosphorylation.

Based on the criteria of the constancy of the specific activity of glycerol and its derivatives, namely glycerol tribenzoats and glycerol p‐nitrobenzoate, the compound was concluded to be pure. Degradation by methods which discriminate between DL‐ [1‐14C] glycerol, D‐[1‐14C] glycerol and L‐[1‐14C] glycerol indicated the compound to be L‐[1‐14C] glycerol.
Isotopic scrambling in the reported synthesis of dehydro‐2‐ norbornyl and 2‐norbornyl derivatives labeled at C‐3 with 14C
Authors: Lee C. C. , Kung F. L.
Published: October 2006

The recently reported synthesis of C‐3 labeled dehydro‐2‐norbornyl and 2‐norbornyl derivatives (1) was found to be in error. Only about 70% of the 14C‐label was located at C‐3, the other 30% being found at C‐2. One of the steps in the original synthesis, involving the conversion of ethylene chlorohydrin to ethylene cyanohydrin, was shown to be responsible for this isotopic scrambling.
A method for the preparation of tritium labelled hydrocarbons of high specific activity
Authors: Ayrey G. , Lynch J. M.
Published: October 2006

Tritiated hydrocarbons may be prepared by Kolbe electrolysis of carboxylic acids which have been labelled by catalytic exchange in tritiated water.
Arginine‐rich polypeptides in saline extract of chlorella pyrenoidosa‐ 14C
Authors: Nejedly Zdenek , Hybs Karel
Published: October 2006

The radiochromatographic analysis of the hot 10% sodium chloride extract of the alga Chlorella pyrenoidosa‐ 14C indicated the presence of compounds rich in L‐arginine, besides of nucleic acids and glucose‐type polysaccharide estimated previously. L‐Arginine is present in a bound form, most likely as a protamine‐type polypeptide or a histone‐type protein containing L‐arginine as a dominant component, besides of smaller amounts of L‐glutamic acid, L‐aspartic acid and L‐serine, A simple procedure of the isolation of L‐arginine‐ 14C/U/ from the saline extract of radioactive Chlorella cells, on a preparative scale, is described.
Synthesis of 14C‐uridine‐5′ ‐triphosphate by enzymes of escherichia coli cell‐free extracts
Authors: Pumpen P. , Gren E.
Published: October 2006

Crude cell‐free extracts of Escherichia coli AB 259 Hfr 3000, thi‐perform multistep conversion of 14C‐uracil to 14C‐UTP in vitro in the presence of D‐ribose/or ribose‐5‐phosphate/, ATP and ATP‐regenerating system. ATP concentration is crucial for significant 14C‐UTP production. Quantitative yield of the product combined with relatively simple procedure and inexpensiveness of initial materials makes the method advantageous for large‐scale preparation of 14C‐UTP.
Synthesis of ethyl 4‐(3, 4, 5‐trimethoxycinnamoyl)‐ [2, 5‐14C] piperazinyl acetate and ethyl 4‐(3, 4, 5‐trimethoxy[β‐14C] cinnamoyl) piperazinyl acetate
Authors: Hardy G. , Sword I. P. , Hathway D. E.
Published: October 2006

This paper describes the synthesis (i) of ethyl 4‐(3, 4, 5‐trimethoxycinnamoyl) ‐ [2, 5‐14C] piperazinyl acetate via [2, 5‐14C] piperazine, and ethyl [ 2, 5‐14C] piperazinyl acetate, and (ii) of ethyl 4‐(3, 4, 5‐trimethoxy [β‐14C] cinnamoyl)piperazinyl acetate via 3, 4, 5‐trimethoxybromobenze and 3, 4, 5‐trimethoxybenz [14C] aldehyde.

The unequivocal preparation of 3, 4, 5‐trimethoxybromobenzene is described, and other methods for the preparation of 3, 4, 5‐trimethoxybenz [14C] aldehyde are examined.
A convenient synthesis of 2 ‐ [14C] ‐ hordenine
Authors: Digenis George A. , Burkett J. W. , Mihranian V.
Published: October 2006

A simple and convenient laboratory procedure is described by which hordenine (III), labelled at the carbon residing on the benzene ring, can be synthesized by decarboxylation of 3‐ [14C]‐tyrosine (1) and subsequent reductive methylation of the resulting tyramine (II).
The synthesis of butylnitrosourea ‐ 1 ‐ 14C
Authors: Howarth G. B. , Craig A. W.
Published: October 2006

The synthesis of butylnitrosourea‐1‐14 C is described starting from sodium cyanide‐14C. Nucleophilic displacement of bromine in 1‐bromopropane with labelled cyanide ion gave butyronitrile‐1‐14C which was reduced with lithium aluminium hybride to butylamine‐114C. The amine was isolated as its hydrochloride salt which was converted to butylurea‐1‐14C by reaction with urea. Nitrosylation of the resulting substituted urea, without its isolation, gave the title compound in an overall yield of 32% based on sodium cyanide‐14C. The reaction between butylamine and silicon tetraisocyanate was investigatd as a possible alternative synthesis of butylurea. This approach gave unsatisfactory results and was not utilised in the radiochemical synthesis. Butylnitrosourea in solution has been found to be very unstable to light.
Synthesis of radiocarbon labelled lidocaine (α‐diethylaminoacet‐[1‐14C] ‐2′, 6′ ‐dimethylanilide)
Authors: Mezö  , Teplán
Published: October 2006

Starting from sodium acetate‐1‐14C, acetyl‐1‐14C bromide was prepared and from this bromacetyl‐1‐14C bromide. The latter was used to acylate 2, 6‐dimetyl‐aniline to α‐bromoacet‐(1‐14C) ‐2′, 6′ ‐xylidide, with an activity yield of 31%. The labelled lidocaine and its hydrochloride were prepared from this product by refluxing with diethylamine, with yields of 84.5% and 74.3%, respectively. The molar activity of the radiocarbon‐labelled Lidocaine was found to be 3.48 mCi/mmole; thin‐layer chromatography showed the product to be homogeneous.
Radiation ‐ induced decomposition of radioiodine ‐ labelled 3 ‐ iodo ‐ L ‐ tyrosine
Authors: Appleby A. , Umfrid R. P.
Published: October 2006

In investigating the radiolytic decomposition of 3‐iodo‐L‐tyrosine we find :

that, by studying the effects of dissolved argon, nitrous oxide and hydrogen, e−aq is the reactive intermediate of greatest interest in choosing a protector of the labelled compound. This technique should have general application.

that O2/ ethanol and N2O/ ethanol are both good combinations for the purpose of protecting the substrate.

that in dilute solutions of MIT, with adequate protector present, high specific activity compound should be no more prone to radiation‐induced self‐decomposition than is compound labelled at a lower specific activity.

Items (2) and (3) should be noted particularly, in view of the widespread belief that high specific activity and the presence of oxygen are always deleterious to the stability of labelled compounde.
Markierte verbindungen XII. Perchlor ‐ 4 ‐ methylen ‐ 1 ‐ cyclopenten ‐ (14C) und ‐ (36CL)
Authors: Boberg Friedrich , Khalaf Hosni
Published: October 2006

The reaction of hexachloropropene (2) with hexachloro‐ 1.3‐cyclopentadiene (1) to perchloro‐4‐methylene‐1‐cyclopentene (3) is studied with 14C‐ and 36Cl‐ labelled compounds. 3 contains C‐1 or C‐3 of 2. 36Cl is statistically distributed on the compounds of the system. At 220° 2 is isomerized.
A Method for routine preparation of very pure chlormerodrin labelled with 197 Hg or 203 Hg with high specific activity
Authors: Lisewska Iwona , Potocki Jan , Pasternak Antoni
Published: October 2006

A method for routine production of 3‐chloromercuri‐2‐methoxy‐propylurea‐197 Hg or 203 Hg with a high specific activity and high radiochemical purity, has been elaborated. Important for the method are: good and standardized HgCl2, the maintenance of molar ratioe HgCl2 to sodium acetate and allylurea 1:1 and 1:5 respectively, and the time of heating of the reaction mixture in the autoclave with overpressure 0.2 ‐ 0.3 At, not less than 6 hrs. The use of anhydrous ethyl ether for washing the precipitate removes both organic and inorganic radiochemical impurities. The method enables one to work with quantities of HgCl2 lower than 1 mg.
Markierte verbindungen XIV. Chlorierende spaltung von naphthalin‐(1‐14C)
Authors: Zörkendörfer Eckhard , Boberg Friedrich
Published: October 2006

The chlorination of naphthalene‐(1‐14C) to octachloro‐naphthalene‐(1‐14C), decachloro‐1.4‐dihydronaphthalene‐(1.4, 5.8‐14C), octachloro‐indene‐(1.3.4.7‐14C) + CCI4, decachloro‐indane‐(1.3.4.7‐14C) shows, that a β‐carbon atom of naphthalene is eliminated by chlorolysis.
The preparation of carbon‐14 labeled tobacco constituents, I. the syntheses of benzyl, phenethyl, and undecyl acetate‐14C‐1, 2
Authors: Comes R. A. , Jenkins R. W.
Published: October 2006

The syntheses and purifications of benzyl, phenethyl, and undecyl acetate‐14C‐1, 2 are described. These compounds were prepared by reaction of the appropriate alkyl or aryl halide with 14C‐labeled sodium acetate in the presence of acetic acid. Isolation of the acetates was accomplished by trapping from a gas chromatograph. The technique of gas‐liquid radiochromatography in activity determinations is described.
Synthesis of 14C‐chloroethene (vinyl chloride) and 14C‐trichloroethene
Authors: Criddle W. J. , Park G. S. , Robertson D. , Thomas W. H. J.
Published: October 2006

The synthesis of 14C‐chloroethene and 14C‐trichloroethene is described, the former in a state of high chemical purity suitable for polymerisation studies.
Synthesis of 1, 3‐dihydro‐1‐methyl‐7‐nitro‐5‐phenyl‐2H‐1, 4‐benzodiazepin‐2‐one‐5‐14c (nimetazepam‐5‐14C)
Authors: Yoshitake A. , Makari Y. , Endo M.
Published: October 2006

The synthesis from carbon‐14C dioxide of 1, 3‐dihydro‐1‐methyl‐7‐nitro‐5‐phenyl‐2H‐1, 4‐benzodiazepin‐2‐one‐5‐14C (I) for use in metabolic studies has been described. The synthesis was achieved by the sequence shown in figure 1. The overall yield of labelled nimetazepam (I) was nearly 36%.
Preparation d'acroleine tritiee ou deuteriee sur le carbone 1
Authors: Golfier Michel , Prangé Thierry
Published: October 2006

The synthesis of C‐1 tritiated or deuterated acrolein is described. The oxidation of allylic alcohol with the silver carbonate on Celite reagent shows an important isotopic effect. One can take advantage of this effect for a simple preparation of tritiated aldehydes. The NMR spectrum of deuterated acrolein is analysed and calculated.
Synthesis of 3 or 5[14C] 4‐butyl‐1, 2‐diphenyl‐3, 5‐pyrazolidinedione (phenylbutazone)
Authors: Stavchansky S. , Kostenbauder H. B.
Published: October 2006

The condensation of 1 or 3 [14C] n‐butylmalonate diethyl ester (III) with hydrazobenzene (IV) yields up to 90 per cent of 3 or 5 [14C] 4‐butyl‐1, 2‐diphenyl‐3, 5‐pyrazolidinedione, if n‐butyl alcohol is used as a solvent and the corresponding sodium alcoholate as a condensing agent (1, 2).

One or three [14C] n ‐ butylmalonate diethyl ester can be synthesized by condensation of n‐bromobutane (II) and 1 [14C] ethyl malonate (I) in the presence of sodium ethoxide (3).
Synthese DU N‐ [(ethyl ‐ 1 pyrrolidinyl ‐2) methyl] methoxy‐2 sulfamoyl ‐5 benzamide (sulpiride) marque AU 14C
Authors: Noël J. P. , Benakis A. , Herbert M. , Pichat L. , Thominet M.
Published: October 2006

Sulpiride: N‐[léthyl‐l pyrrolidinyl‐2) methyl] methoxy‐2 sulfamoyl‐5 benzamide, has been labelled with carbon 14 in the carbonyl group by a five step synthesis from barium carbonate 14C. The specific activity of the final product is 37.6 mCi/mM (110 μCi/mg), and the radiochemical purity 99.5%. UV‐ and mass spectrometry confirm the identity of the labelled compound with the reference material, as well as the position labelled with 14C.
Synthese de la DL‐Norephedrine (Méthyle 14C)
Authors: Nguyen‐Hoang‐Nam  , Lucas P. , Pichat L.
Published: October 2006

La synthèse de la dl‐noréphédrine (méthyle 14C) en deux stades, à partir de l'α‐N, N‐dibenzylaminoacétophénone et de I14CH3 est décrite. Après purification par chromatographie sur résine échangeuse d'ions AG 50 W‐X2 on obtient la dl‐noréphédrine (méthyle 14C) HCl avec un rendement radiochimique de 31% par rapport à 14CO3Ba, activité spécifique: 55 mCi/mM. L'analyse par électrophorèse sur papier associée à la chromatographie sur papier et en couche mince permet de contrǒler la pureté radiochimique de la dl‐noréphédrine 14C.
Preparation of deuterium labelled catecholamines, catecholamine precursors and metabolites for use as internal standards in mass fragmentographic determination and for turnover studies
Authors: Lindström B. , Sjöquist B. , Anggard E.
Published: October 2006

L‐dihydroxyphenylalanine‐2H3, L‐tyrosine‐2H2, dopamine‐2H3, 3‐methoxytyramine‐2H3, homovanillic acid‐2H2, homovanillic acid‐2H5 and vanillylmandelic acid 2H2 were prepared by hydrogen‐deuterium exchange under acidic or basic conditions. 4‐hydroxy‐3‐methoxy phenylethyleneglycol‐2H3 was prepared from vanillylmandelic acid‐2H by reduction with LiA12H4. The isotopic yield for L‐dihydroxyphenylalanine was 90% and for the other compounds >99%. These labelled compounds could be used as internal standards in the mass fragmentographic analysis of the protium species in tissues and body fluids as well as in metabolic studies in vivo.
The synthesis of 13C‐enriched α‐methyldopa
Authors: Ames Matthew M. , Castagnoli Neal
Published: October 2006

Alpha‐methyldopa hydrochloride, specifically labelled with 13C in the benzylic position, was prepared for use in biotransformation studies. Carbonation of the lithio derivative of 3,4‐dibenzyloxybenzene with 13CO2 (64 atom percent) was followed by LiA1H4 reduction of the resulting benzoic acid. Oxidation with CrO3 provided the benzaldehyde which was condensed with nitroethane to form the phenylnitropropene, Reduction of this phenylnitropropene with Fe/HOAc gave the corresponding phenyl‐2‐propanone which was converted to its hydantoin derivative. Base hydrolysis of the hydantoin followed by debenzylation in concentrated hydrochloric acid gave the desired alpha‐methyldopa hydrochloride in 16% overall yield.
A labelled hypocholesteremic agent, preparation OF 2‐(2‐pyridine)‐1‐(3‐chlorophenyl)‐2‐phenyl‐1‐methylethanol uniformly tritiated on the 2‐phenyl ring
Authors: Hansen D. W. , Van Eeckhout E. Den , Drach J. C. , Burckhalter J. H. , Sinsheiraer J. K.
Published: October 2006

2‐(2‐Pyridine)‐1‐(3‐chlorophenyl)‐2‐phenyl‐1‐methylethanol (I), containing tritium uniformly distributed in the 2‐phenyl ring, was synthesized in two steps with tritiated benzene as the labelled starting material.

An improved procedure was employed for the coupling of m‐chloroacetophenone and 2‐benzylpyridine. The higher melting of two enantiomeric pairs, known for its hypocholesteremic activity in rats, was isolated and found to have a chemical purity of >95% and a specific activity of 0.11 mCi/mmole.
Synthese de la DL‐Lysine Marquee Selectivement par L'AZOTE 15 EN α ou en ϵ et son Dedoublement
Authors: Mizon J. et Ch
Published: October 2006

Les auteurs décrivent les améliorations qu'ils ont apportées aux proaédés déjà connus de synthèse de la DL‐lysine, marquée à 1′15N en α ou en ϵ La bis N α N ϵ‐chloracétyl lysine, nécessaire pour réaliser le dédoublement de la DL lysine sous l′action de l'acyclase est préparée avec un bon rendement à l'aide du chloracétate de paranitrophényle.
Syntheses with stable isotopes: Methanol‐13C, methanol‐13C‐D4 and methanol‐12C
Authors: Ott D. G. , Kerr V. N. , Whaley T. W. , Benziger T. , Rohwer R. K.
Published: October 2006

Hydrogenation of carbon dioxide at mild temperature and preasure utilizing a copper‐zinc‐chromium catlyst has been developed for small‐ and large‐scale preparations of methanol and is applicable to various isotope isomers.
Synthesis of tritium and carbon‐14 labeled 1,3‐dioxolanes. II. D‐2‐ethyl‐2‐phenyl‐4‐(2‐piperidyl)‐1,3‐dioxolane hydrochloride,
Authors: Hsi Richard S. P.
Published: October 2006

The synthesis of 3H and 14C labeled d‐2‐ethyl‐2‐phenyl‐4‐(2‐piperidyl)‐1, 3‐dioxolane hydrochloride (Va and Vb respectively) is described. The optically pure α(‐)‐2‐(2‐piperidyl)ethane‐1,2‐diol hydrochloride (II), obtained by hydrolyzing α (+)‐2,2‐diphenyl‐4‐(2‐piperidyl)‐1,3‐dioxolane hydrochloride(1) (I), is used as the starting material to minimize the need for separation of isomers in the products.
Synthesis of carboxy‐14C furosemide
Authors: Liebman A. A. , Dorsky A. M. , Malarek D. H.
Published: October 2006

A modification of the Sandmeyer reaction which requires only a moderate excess of cyanide‐14C was utilized for the preparation of 4‐chloro‐2‐fluorobenzonitrile‐7‐14C (3). After hydrolysis, the resulting acid (4) was converted to carboxy labelled furosemide (6) by existing methods. This procedure is potentially useful for insertion of 14C in compounds that fail to undergo conventional carbonation reactions.
Synthesis of 6‐/N,N‐1′,6′‐hexyleneformamidine‐14C/‐penicillanic acid
Authors: Zupanska Janina , Szymoniak Krystina , Busko‐Oszczapowicz Irena , Cieslak Jerzy
Published: October 2006

Synthesis of 6‐/N,N‐1′, 6′‐hexyleneformamidine‐14C/penicillanic acid /VII/ was carried out. N‐formyl‐14C‐hexamethyleneimine /II/ was obtained from formic‐14C acid and hexamethyleneimine /I/. The product was chlorinated with oxalyl chloride. The obtained N,N‐1, 6‐hexylenechloroformimino‐14C chloride /III/ was condensed with trimethylsilyl ester of N‐trimethylsilyl‐6‐amino penicillanic acid /V/. The final product /VII/ was separated with a radiochemical yield of 46.5%.
Synthesis, isolation and immunochemical characterization of N‐(carboxymethyl‐3H)‐D‐lysergamide
Authors: Winkelhake Jeffrey L. , Voss Edward W.
Published: October 2006

Covalent amide linkage of glycine‐2‐3H to the non‐hallucinogenic derivative, d‐lysergic acid (LSA), by carbodiimide activation results in a lysergic acid analogue which has potential use in biochemical studies of the mode of action, metabolism and immunology of d‐lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD). Optimal conditions for the reaction and isolation of the product, N‐(carboxymethyl‐3H)‐d‐lysergamide, were determined. The product was analyzed by radioimmune assay and by equilibrium dialysis with highly specific antibody to the lysergyl moiety.
Steroids XLI. preparation of 9α, 11ζ‐tritiated estrone‐3‐methyl ether and following syntheses of 17α‐CH2X‐derivatives of estradiol
Authors: Ponsold K. , Römer J. , Wagner H.
Published: October 2006

The preparation of 9α, 11ζ‐tritiated estrone‐3‐methyl ether with high specific activity is described. The following syntheses gave 17α‐CH2X‐derivatives of estradiol (X = CN and SCN) with high specific activity and radiochemical purity higher than 98%. Radiolysis and storage conditions are examined.
The stability of thymidine, uridine and their related nucleotides, labelled with tritium
Authors: Sheppard G. , Sheppard H. C. , Stivala J. F.
Published: October 2006

Accurate knowledge of the stability of (3H)‐uridine, (3H)‐thymidine, and their triphosphates is important for their use as tracers in biological systems. Data for the stability of these compounds at different storage temperatures and in the presence of a stabiliser, ethanol, are presented. The effects observed are discussed in terms of current theories on radiation self‐decomposition.
Synthese Amelioree de la Progesterone 14C‐4
Authors: Hoellinger H. , Nguyen‐Hoang‐Nam  , Pichat L.
Published: October 2006

La synthèse améliorée de la progestérone 14C‐4 est décrite. La purification de la progestérone 14C‐4 par chromatographie sur colonne de silicate de Mg et CCM préparative a permis l'isolement de deux sous‐produits: isoprogestérone 14C‐4 et trioxo‐3,5,20‐seco A‐4,5 pregnane 14C‐4, identifiés par spectrométrie RMN et de masse. Rendement radioactif global: 40% par rapport à 14CO3Ba, activité spécifique: 59 mCi/mM.
Labelling of a new analgetic agent, 5α 9α‐dimethyl‐2‐[4‐(4‐fluorophenyl)‐4‐oxobutyl]‐2′‐hydroxy‐6,7‐benzo‐morphan (id‐1229), with tritium
Authors: Nakatsuka I. , Kawahara K. , Yoshitake A.
Published: October 2006

5α,9α‐Dimethyl‐2‐[4‐(4‐fluorophenyl)‐4‐oxobutyl]‐2′‐hydroxy‐6,7‐benzomorphan (X) (ID‐1229), a new analgetic agent, was labelled with tritium at C‐3, 4 or C‐3 position of the benzo‐morphan nucleus for the use of metabolic studies. The procedures used are illustrated in Fig. 2. Catalytic reduction of the enamine (VI) with tritium gas afforded the benzomorphan‐3,4‐3H (VIIa) in 24% radiochemical yield while reduction of VI with sodium borotritide gave the benzomorphan‐3‐3H (VIIb) in 40%. The tritiated benzomorphans (VIIa and VIIb) were easily converted to ID‐1229‐3,4‐3H (Xa) and ID‐1229‐3‐3H (Xb), respectively. The overall radiochemical yield of Xa was 7.5% based on tritium gas and that of Xb was 12.0% based on sodium borotritide.
Preparation D'Aldehydes α‐β Ethyleniques Deuteries sur la Double Liaison
Authors: Bessiere Yvonne , Ouar Faroudja
Published: October 2006

Pour préparer des aldéhydes α‐β éthyléniques portent un atome de deutérium sur la double liaison en β du carbonyle, on utilise la méthode de Ireland et Marshall: transformation des butylthiométhylène alcools deutériés en milieu acide.