bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Die Anerkennung von Grenzen
Authors: Youssef Ramy
Published: April 2024

Diplomatische Praktiken findet man sowohl in der modernen Weltgesellschaft als auch in Stammes- und Adelsgesellschaften. Dieses Buch untersucht und vergleicht sie erstmals systematisch aus soziologischer Perspektive. Im Mittelpunkt steht dabei die These, dass die Hauptbedingung jeder Diplomatie in der Anerkennung von Grenzen liegt. Darüber hinaus werden auch unkonventionelle Fragen beantwortet: Wie verhandelt man etwa mit rituellen Artefakten oder mit diplomatischen Hochstaplern? Kann Unhöflichkeit diplomatische Autonomie steigern? Und wie ermöglicht Spionage vertrauensvolle Diplomatie? https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
Philosophieren mit Objekten
Authors: Del Fabbro Olivier
Published: April 2024

Gilbert Simondons Schaffen wird an erster Stelle mit der Technikphilosophie in Verbindung gebracht. Allerdings hat er sich nicht nur intensiv mit den naturwissenschaftlichen Texten seiner Zeit auseinandergesetzt, er hat auch selbst technische Objekte, zum Beispiel Verbrennungsmotoren und Elektronenröhren, gesammelt, auseinandergebaut und analysiert. Nur so lässt sich nach Simondon jeder einzelnen Individuation – sei sie technisch, physikalisch, biologisch, psychisch oder sozial – ein Platz im Kulturpluralismus zuweisen. Olivier Del Fabbro kristallisiert Simondons eigentümliche Methode des Philosophierens mit Objekten heraus. Das Buch bietet erstmals eine umfassende Darstellung Simondons Gesamtwerkes und attestiert ihm ein neues Philosophieverständnis: die Prozessontologie. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
»Hallo Schönheiten!«
Authors: Richter Susanne
Published: April 2024

Die Beauty Community auf der Videoplattform YouTube hat den Ruf eines Ortes »rückständiger Geschlechterperformances«, sie stellt aber auch eine Arena intensiver Verhandlungen der Geschlechterordnung dar. Susanne Richter ergründet die Situierung der Community und die Performances und Aushandlungen der YouTuber_innen wie Kommentierenden. Im Fokus steht dabei das Interesse an Weiblichkeit und wie diese in der Community diskursiv hervorgebracht und deren Position in der Geschlechterordnung – zwischen historisch etablierter Hierarchisierung und emanzipatorischen Transformationen – ausgehandelt wird. Deutlich wird, dass ihre Akteur*innen zwischen Abwertungen von Femininität und widersprüchlichen Anforderungen nach Autonomie navigieren. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/legalcode.de
Privileged Precarities
Authors: Mülli Linda Martina
Published: April 2024

Wie gestalten sich die Arbeits- und Lebenswelten von jungen UNO-Beschäftigten in Zeiten des Postfordismus? Ausgehend von der Perspektive junger Beschäftigter an den UNO-Standorten in Genf und Wien befasst sich das Buch mit der zunehmenden Flexibilisierung und Arbeitsplatzunsicherheit. Die Studie legt ein besonderes Augenmerk auf mikrostrukturelle Machtpraktiken und die individuelle Agency. Sie zeigt, wie UNO-Beschäftigte ihre persönlichen Erzählungen mit dem in den vergangenen Jahren und Jahrzehnten kreierten Organisationsbild in Einklang bringen, und in welchem Wechselspiel die prekären Beschäftigungsverhältnisse mit einem moralischen Überlegenheitsgefühl stehen. Dabei wird deutlich, dass diese Entwicklungen keinen Widerspruch darstellen, sondern zwei Seiten derselben Medaille sind. Das Buch zeigt am Beispiel der UNO auf, wie flexible Beschäftigungsverhältnisse in Zeiten des kognitiv- und affektbasierten Kapitalismus auf Biographien wirken. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
Grenzen im Aufstieg
Authors: Gugglberger Martina
Published: April 2024

Bergexpeditionen auf Himalaya-Gipfel wurden von reinen Frauenteams erstmals in den 1950er Jahren unternommen. Bergsteigerinnen eröffnete sich damit eine Möglichkeit, in die Männerbastion des Höhenbergsteigens vorzudringen. Martina Gugglberger verwendet diese Frauenexpeditionen als Linse, um Handlungsspielräume, Geschlechterverhältnisse, Netzwerke und biographische Hintergründe von Protagonistinnen im Höhenbergsteigen von 1955 bis 2014 zu untersuchen. Ihr Blick in die Geschichte des »Frauenalpinismus« verdeutlicht die lange Tradition von Ausgrenzung und Abwertung weiblicher Aktivitäten im Bergsport. Gleichzeitig veranschaulicht das Buch entlang politischer, sozialer und ethnischer Aspekte der Frauenexpeditionen, wie sich die realen und symbolischen »Grenzen im Aufstieg« für Bergsteigerinnen ein Stück weit verschoben. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Nerven, Krieg und militärische Führung
Authors: Gahlen Gundula
Published: April 2024

Welche Anforderungen stellten Militär, Medizin, Politik und Gesellschaft an die nervliche Belastbarkeit von Offizieren im Krieg in Deutschland zwischen 1890 und 1939? Wie gingen sie mit psychisch erkrankten Offizieren um? Wie nahmen die Betroffenen selbst ihre Erkrankungen wahr? Und welche Auswirkungen hatten diese auf ihr Selbstbild und ihre Lebensläufe? Gundula Gahlen untersucht diese Fragen vom Kaiserreich über die Weimarer Republik bis zur NS-Zeit. Ihre Studie füllt eine Lücke, da sich die bisherige Forschung zu kriegsbedingten psychischen Erkrankungen vor allem mit Mannschaftssoldaten beschäftigte, obwohl das Offizierskorps zu Beginn des 20. Jahrhunderts in Deutschland eine herausgehobene Herrschafts- und Werteelite war und zeitgenössische Leitvorstellungen von Willensstärke und Männlichkeit verkörperte. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Etablierte Provisorien
Authors: Schäfer Philipp
Published: April 2024

Am Beispiel von Leipzig zeigt Philipp Schäfer, dass die Allgegenwärtigkeit des Provisorischen im langen Sommer der Migration 2015 nicht das Ergebnis einer jähen Krise war, sondern das Resultat langjähriger Auseinandersetzungen rund um Fragen des Umgangs mit Geflüchteten vor Ort. Anhand von zahlreichen Interviews, Beobachtungen und politischen Dokumenten führt seine soziologische Untersuchung vor Augen, wie die lokale Regierung von Migration Vorläufigkeit institutionalisierte und es so erlaubte, Geflüchtete räumlich, zeitlich und moralisch auf Distanz zu halten. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Der Bauarbeitsmarkt
Authors: Bosch Gerhard , Hüttenhoff Frederic
Published: April 2024

In der deutschen Bauwirtschaft haben die Sozialpartner in der Nachkriegszeit mit ihren Sozialkassen ein vorbildliches System der Finanzierung der Berufsausbildung und der sozialen Sicherung aufgebaut. Zusätzlich wurde mit dem Saisonkurzarbeitergeld ein arbeitsmarktpolitisches Instrument zur Beschäftigungssicherung entwickelt. Dieses Buch untersucht die Entwicklungen der Bauwirtschaft und ihrer besonderen Arbeitsmarktinstitutionen der vergangenen Jahrzehnte. Ein besonderes Augenmerk liegt auf den Versuchen der Sozialpartner und der Politik, die Erosion der bauspezifischen Arbeitsmarktinstitutionen durch Reformen zu verhindern, um auch in Zukunft den Fachkräftebedarf der Branche zu sichern. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
Gewalt im Amt
Authors: Abdul-Rahman Laila , Espin Grau Hannah , Klaus Luise , Singelnstein Tobias
Published: April 2024

Übermäßige Gewaltanwendungen durch Polizist:innen in Deutschland sind bislang nur in Ansätzen untersucht. Das Buch liefert umfassende wissenschaftliche Befunde zu einschlägigen Situationen und ihrer strafrechtlichen Aufarbeitung. Auf Basis einer Betroffenenbefragung mit über 3.300 Teilnehmenden und über 60 qualitativen Interviews stellen sich die Fälle als komplexe Interaktionsgeschehen dar, bei deren Aufarbeitung eine besondere Definitionsmacht der Polizei sichtbar wird. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
Pflicht und Freiheit des Erblassers
Authors: Harke Jan Dirk
Published: April 2024

Das Pflichtteilsrecht ist bis heute ein zentraler Bestandteil des Erbrechts. Es sichert den engsten Angehörigen eines Verstorbenen einen Mindestanteil an dessen Nachlass. Jan Dirk Harke zeichnet nach, wie sich dieses Recht allmählich gegen eine zunächst unbegrenzte Testierfreiheit im römischen Vermögensrecht durchsetzte: Um dem Gebot der familiären Verantwortung zu entsprechen, wurde den engsten Verwandten eines Erblassers die Möglichkeit eröffnet, ein Testament, durch das sie vom Erbe ausgeschlossen wurden, als pflichtwidrig anzufechten. Dies war jedoch nur unter dem Vorwand möglich, der Erblasser sei bei Errichtung des Testaments nicht zurechnungsfähig gewesen. Hieran zeigt sich die große Bedeutung der Testierfreiheit für die Gesellschaft der Antike. E-Book im Open Access verfügbar. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/deed.de
Relationalität der Menschenwürde
Authors: Schidel Regina
Published: April 2024

Alle Menschen in unserer Gesellschaft sollten in einem grundlegenden Sinn als Gleiche gelten. Diskriminierungsstrukturen, die Wert und Teilhabe von Menschen einschränken, untergraben diesen normativen Grundsatz. Regina Schidel analysiert die Diskriminierungsform des Ableismus, d.h. die Schlechterstellung von Menschen mit kognitiven Beeinträchtigungen, aus philosophischer und gesellschaftstheoretischer Perspektive. Ausgehend von einer innovativen Deutung des Begriffs der Menschenwürde zeigt sie, warum wir allen Menschen als Bewohner:innen einer geteilten Welt Achtung schulden. Das mündet in radikale Forderungen, wie wir den sozialen, rechtlichen und politischen Raum transformieren sollten. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
Wissenstransfer zum gesellschaftlichen Zusammenhalt via VOICEcast – Ist die „Daimler-Familie“ ein Milieu und andere Fragen aus der Welt der Arbeit
Authors: Klee Andreas , Güldner Matthias
Published: April 2024

Im Rahmen der Transferforschung am Standort Bremen des Forschungsinstituts Gesellschaftlicher Zusammenhalt (FGZ) wurde ein innovatives Transferformat entwickelt und getestet. In dem hier vorgestellten VOICEcast werden Erkenntnisse zum gesellschaftlichen Zusammenhalt aus Sicht der Sozialwissenschaften und der Praxis in einem strukturierten und durch wissenschaftliche Moderation triangulierten Gespräch aufgezeichnet und analysiert. Thematisch beschäftigt sich der VOICEcast mit der Arbeitswelt und der Frage nach dem Wesen von innerbetrieblichem Zusammenhalt und dessen gesellschaftlicher Funktion innerhalb und außerhalb der Werksmauern. Es werden sowohl der Mehrwert eines inhaltlichen Austausches zwischen Praxis und Wissenschaft als auch die Phasen und Verläufe (so genannte Partituren) des interaktiven Transfergeschehens dokumentiert, kategorisiert und analysiert. Die Trennung in eine inhaltlich-thematische Auswertung und eine Meta-Analyse des Gesprächsverlaufs zwischen Wissenschaft und Praxis erlaubt es, sowohl Material zur Anregung weiterer sozialwissenschaftlicher Betrachtungen des Zusammenhalts in der Arbeitswelt zu generieren als auch grundsätzliche Erkenntnisse zu einem Transfergeschehen zu gewinnen, das in einem gleichberechtigten Austausch auf Augenhöhe mit kundigen Vertreter:innen der Praxisebene entsteht.
Den Himmel zähmen
Authors: Kaiser Manuel
Published: April 2024

Gezielte Eingriffe in Wetter und Klima sind heute sehr umstritten. Manuel Kaiser zeigt in diesem Buch, welche Wissensbestände, Technologien und gesellschaftlichen Kontexte das Sprechen über die Kontrolle atmosphärischer Phänomene im Verlauf des 20. Jahrhunderts ermöglichten. Im Kalten Krieg war der Aufstieg der Atmosphärenwissenschaften untrennbar mit der Entwicklung der Radar-, Raketen-, Satelliten- und Computertechnik verbunden. Ab 1960 gingen Meteorologen, Politiker und Militärs davon aus, in Zukunft nicht nur präzise Wetterprognosen erstellen, sondern auch aktiv in Klima und Wetter eingreifen zu können. In den 1970er Jahren stützten die aufkommenden Debatten zu Bevölkerungswachstum, Nahrungsmittelknappheit, Umweltbewusstsein und das Überleben der Menschheit den Wetter- und Klimabeeinflussungsdiskurs, trugen jedoch auch dazu bei, dass er zunehmend kritisch begleitet wurde. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Polizei, Politik, Polis
Authors: Geugjes Marilena , Haus Michael , Jantzer Leonie , Keitzel Svenja , Münch Sybille , Terizakis Georgios
Published: April 2024

Selbst eine staatliche Institution wie die Polizei wird von ihrem jeweiligen städtischen Kontext geprägt und prägt diesen gleichermaßen mit. Das Buch plausibilisiert diese Annahme am Beispiel des Themas Flucht und Migration nach 2015. Die öffentliche und politische Thematisierung von Fluchtzuwanderung ist häufig durch einen Sicherheitsdiskurs bestimmt. Anhand von Befunden aus sechs deutschen Städten werden die Deutungsmuster und Handlungsspielräume der Polizei im Umgang mit fluchtbedingter städtischer Vielfalt analysiert. Im Mittelpunkt stehen dabei städtische Praktiken im Zusammenhang mit der Aufnahme von Geflüchteten, in denen drei Aspekte miteinander vermittelt werden: die Rolle der örtlichen Polizei als staatliche Gewalt vor Ort (»Polizei«), die Relevanz stadtpolitischer Strategien im Umgang mit Fragen von Fluchtmigration (»Politik«) sowie die Bedeutung stadtgesellschaftlicher Akteure, Netzwerke und Diskurse (»Polis«).
Amazonismus
Authors: Barthel Georg
Published: April 2024

Die Digitalisierung der Arbeit birgt ein hohes Konfliktpotenzial zwischen Beschäftigten und Unternehmen. Bei dem Lager- und Logistikzentrum Amazon zeigt sich ein spezifisches Ensemble von Managementstrategien und Produktionsregime, das Georg Barthel als Amazonismus identifiziert. Diese neue Managementpraxis setzt digitale Technologien ein, um die Arbeit zu vereinfachen, die Beschäftigten zu überwachen und unter einen permanenten Leistungsdruck zu setzen. Gleichzeitig zeichnet sie sich durch eine Unternehmenskultur aus, die Leistungsbereitschaft und Lockerheit im Alltag kombiniert. Das Buch zeigt, wie diese Form der betrieblichen Herrschaft in Widerspruch zum Eigensinn der Beschäftigten steht, und wie diese versuchen, auf dem Shopfloor, im Betriebsrat und im Kampf für einen Tarifvertrag ihre Interessen geltend zu machen. creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Sozialpolitik und Sozialpolitikforschung in Deutschland
Authors: Heilmann Tom , Hokema Anna , Jaeger Pia , Langer Philipp , Schrader Rebecca , Vetter Nicole
Published: April 2024

Die Sozialpolitik in Deutschland steht angesichts multipler und miteinander verflochtener Krisen vor einer Vielzahl neuer und alter Herausforderungen. Wissenschaftliche Befunde können helfen, diese Herausforderungen zu bewältigen. Damit dies gelingt, muss Sozialpolitikforschung jedoch der Komplexität gesellschaftlicher Entwicklungen Rechnung tragen. Vor diesem Hintergrund untersuchen die Autor:innen, wie es um die interdisziplinäre Zusammenarbeit und den Wissenschaft-Praxis-Transfer in der deutschen Sozialpolitik(-Forschung) bestellt ist und leiten daraus Implikationen für die grundlegenden gesellschaftlichen Rollen der Sozialpolitikforschung ab. Die empirische Basis der Untersuchung bilden rund 50 Interviews mit Sozialpolitik-Expert:innen aus Wissenschaft, Politik und Praxis. creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/
Szenen des Politischen
Authors: Leonhardt Christian
Published: April 2024

Demokratie ist eine sich immer wieder neu und aus sich selbst heraus entwickelnde Praxis. Was aber könnte handlungsorientierendes Wissen für eine solche demokratische Praxis bieten? Christian Leonhardt gibt hierauf eine radikaldemokratische Antwort: Er schlägt vor, radikale Demokratie nicht liberal, sondern anarchistisch zu denken. Sein Buch entwickelt mithilfe aktivistischer Theorieproduktionen Ansätze einer lokal-situativen Theorie radikaldemokratischen Handelns, mit Exkursen von den römischen Plebejern bis hin zum Maler Zinnober. So entstehen Szenen des Politischen, die kritische Deutungen demokratischer Aushandlungen des Gemeinsamen ermöglichen und neue Horizonte einer Poetologie Politischer Theorie eröffnen. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/legalcode
Der neue sozial-ökologische Klassenkonflikt
Authors: Eversberg Dennis , Fritz Martin , von Faber Linda , Schmelzer Matthias
Published: April 2024

Wie lässt sich angesichts der krisenhaften sozialen, politischen und ökologischen Herausforderungen der Gegenwart die gesellschaftliche Konfliktlage verstehen, aus der der Aufstieg der AfD, die Bauernproteste oder der Streit um Klimaaktivismus hervorgehen? Auf der Grundlage einer repräsentativen Bevölkerungsbefragung stellt das Buch eine empirisch fundierte soziologische Basis zur Beantwortung dieser Frage vor und vermeidet dabei vereinfachende Lesarten einer zunehmenden Polarisierung einerseits oder eines weitgehend intakten Konsenses andererseits. Die Autor:innen untersuchen die mentalen und sozialstrukturellen Gegensätze innerhalb der deutschen Gesellschaft, die die gegenwärtigen gesellschaftlichen Auseinandersetzungen um die sozial-ökologische Transformation prägen, und diagnostizieren einen neuen, sozial-ökologischen Klassenkonflikt. Das Buch zeichnet ein detailliertes Bild der Auseinandersetzung um sozial-ökologische Transformation in der deutschen Bevölkerung.
Autism and the HCA, 4: it's an ‘all-age’ experience
Authors: Barber Chris
Published: April 2024

This series of articles will explore the neurodivergent condition of autism from a range of different perspectives. This fourth article will explore autism from an ‘all-age’ perspective, from early childhood to old age.
MÍDIAS SOCIAIS, COMPRA IMPULSIVA E PANIC BUYING EM TEMPOS DE COVID-19: Estudo no Triângulo Mineiro e Alto Paranaíba
Authors: Silva Barreto Lucas , Santos Franqueiro Nathália , Alves Pinhal Vanessa , Carvalho Luciana
Published: April 2024

Durante a pandemia de Covid-19, as pessoas têm recorrido às mídias sociais para estabelecer relações interpessoais, obter informações e escapar de sentimentos negativos. No entanto, a literatura sugere que o uso compulsivo dessas mídias pode desencadear a compra impulsiva e o panic buying, comportamentos prejudiciais para a saúde mental e que podem causar perturbação econômica. Nesse contexto, o presente artigo analisou a relação entre o uso compulsivo de mídias sociais, a compra impulsiva e o panic buying no Triângulo Mineiro e Alto Paranaíba, mesorregiões que se destacaram pelo elevado número de casos da doença no interior do Brasil. A partir de levantamento com 118 indivíduos, com dados analisados por meio de regressão linear múltipla, foi constatada uma relação positiva entre o uso compulsivo de mídias sociais, compra impulsiva e panic buying, sem que houvesse, no entanto, efeito moderador do uso informacional dessas mídias
Informações Editoriais de 2023
Authors: G&R Editoria
Published: April 2024

Relatório de 2023
The Birth of Yamatogoto Culture : Stringed Instruments and the Formation of Complex Society in Pre- and Protohistoric Japan
Authors: Stromberg Kirie
Published: April 2024

abstract: Excavated Japanese zithers are likely the oldest surviving stringed instruments in East Asia. This article reviews diachronic changes that occurred in the forms of wood zithers in pre- and protohistoric Japan over approximately two millennia (ca. 1500 b.c.–a.d. 600). It highlights developments such as the addition of resonator boxes, average size increase, and inclusion of figural ornamentation. Results indicate that these formal developments, in addition to the adoption of a seated playing posture as portrayed in Kofun haniwa musician figurines, were driven by the needs of growing communities and their leaders. This analysis suggests that examining changes in musical instruments can be used alongside traditional lines of evidence to research the origins of social complexity and thereby carves out space for a humanistic approach to the study of prehistory.
An Island in the City: Ancona’s New Lazaretto as a Medical, Political, and Religious Borderland
Authors: Dacome Lucia
Published: April 2024

Abstract: This essay explores the role of quarantine stations as sites of creation and disruption of Mediterranean borderlands. It considers the early history of the “new lazaretto,” the maritime quarantine station created in Ancona, a city in the Papal States, after Pope Clement XII declared the city a free port in 1732. Big and beautiful, the new lazaretto was built on an artificial island and marked Ancona’s cityscape. This essay reconstructs how it functioned as a dynamic border space where concerns about disease transmission were addressed through the deployment of practices of environmental and sensory control. It argues that the new lazaretto embodied a liminal environment that was established at the crossroads of medical, economic, religious, and political entanglements and reflected the geopolitical dynamics of the eastern Mediterranean world.
Leadership in the Eye of the Beholder: Working toward Better Decision-Making in Libraries
Authors: Eye John
Published: April 2024

abstract: Much of the literature in library leadership and management focuses on strategies and practices based on discrete attributes and sweeping human behaviors intended to improve operational effectiveness. This paper challenges the reader to build a mindset for leadership that reflects the real world, where leaders and managers work within parameters often contradictory and at times unconventional. It acknowledges the complexities of leadership in terms of decision-making and judgment within the culture of the organization rather than standard characteristics seen as desirable in a leader. The distinction between leadership and management is also examined.
Megahertz multi-parametric ophthalmic OCT system for whole eye imaging
Authors: Hu Yicheng , Feng Yutao , Long Xing , Zheng Dongye , Liu Gangjun , Lu Yanye , Ren Qiushi , Huang Zhiyu
Published: April 2024

An ultrahigh-speed, wide-field OCT system for the imaging of anterior, posterior, and ocular biometers is crucial for obtaining comprehensive ocular parameters and quantifying ocular pathology size. Here, we demonstrate a multi-parametric ophthalmic OCT system with a speed of up to 1 MHz for wide-field imaging of the retina and 50 kHz for anterior chamber and ocular biometric measurement. A spectrum correction algorithm is proposed to ensure the accurate pairing of adjacent A-lines and elevate the A-scan speed from 500 kHz to 1 MHz for retinal imaging. A registration method employing position feedback signals was introduced, reducing pixel offsets between forward and reverse galvanometer scanning by 2.3 times. Experimental validation on glass sheets and the human eye confirms feasibility and efficacy. Meanwhile, we propose a revised formula to determine the “true” fundus size using all-axial length parameters from different fields of view. The efficient algorithms and compact design enhance system compatibility with clinical requirements, showing promise for widespread commercialization.
Multi-pulse Ramsey interferometry of a double-well Bose–Einstein condensate in a cavity
Authors: Liu Yu-Xiang , He Pei-Sen , Li Sheng-Chang
Published: April 2024

Ramsey interferometry as one of the most important high-precision measurement methods has prospects for inferring various properties of ultracold atoms and molecules. We investigate the multi-pulse Ramsey interferometry of a double-well Bose–Einstein condensate (BEC) in an optical cavity. Compared with the standard two-pulse Ramsey scheme, our multi-pulse Ramsey proposal greatly relaxes the requirements for both intensity and width of the pulses, allowing the interferometry to be achieved using weak and narrow pulses. When the pumping pulses characterizing the coupling between the cavity field and the atomic BEC are applied to the zero background field, we demonstrate the atomic Ramsey fringes in the time domain for different pulse numbers and different pulse widths. We find that although the multi-pulse Ramsey fringes are no longer sensitive to cavity-pump detuning, they can still record the information of the interaction between coherent atoms. We obtain the fundamental frequency of the multi-pulse Ramsey fringes analytically and find that it is proportional to the number of pulses. Particularly, it is shown that the minimum of the fundamental frequency is exactly the critical point of the phase transition of the system. For a nonzero background field, the results indicate that a nondestructive observation of atomic Ramsey fringes by cavity transmission spectroscopy is feasible. Our findings provide insights for improving the accuracy of Ramsey interferometry and for using interferometry to observe phase transitions.
Simulation of matrix product states to unveil the initial state dependency of non-Gaussian dynamics of Kerr nonlinearity
Authors: Agasti Souvik
Published: April 2024

We simulate a free dissipative and coherent-driven Kerr nonlinear system using a time-evolving block decimation (TEBD) algorithm to study the impact of the initial state on the exact quantum dynamics of the system. The superposition of two coherent branches results in non-classical time dynamics. The Wigner state representation confirms that the system ends up saturating to two different branches, through evolving different trajectories, resulting in de-Gaussification throughout evolution. Furthermore, we also see that the time evolution suffers the residual effect of the initial state.
Deep learning-based method for defect detection in electroluminescent images of polycrystalline silicon solar cells
Authors: Liu Yuqi , Wu Yiquan , Yuan YuBin , Zhao Langyue
Published: April 2024

To achieve defect detection in bare polycrystalline silicon solar cells under electroluminescence (EL) conditions, we have proposed ASDD-Net, a deep learning algorithm evaluated offline on EL images. The model integrates strategies such as downsampling adjustment, feature fusion optimization, and detection head improvement. The ASDD-Net utilizes the Space to Depth (SPD) module to effectively extract edge and fine-grained information. The proposed Enhanced Cross-Stage Partial Network Fusion (EC2f) and Hybrid Attention CSP Net (HAC3) modules are placed at different positions to enhance feature extraction capability and improve feature fusion effects, thereby enhancing the model's ability to perceive defects of different sizes and shapes. Furthermore, placing the MobileViT_CA module before the second detection head balances global and local information perception, further enhancing the performance of the detection heads. The experimental results show that the ASDD-Net model achieves a mAP value of 88.81% on the publicly available PVEL-AD dataset, and the detection performance is better than the current SOTA model. The experimental results on the ELPV and NEU-DET datasets verify that the model has some generalization ability. Moreover, the proposed model achieves a processing frame rate of 69 frames per second, meeting the real-time defect detection requirements for solar cell surface defects.
Time reflection of light from a quantum perspective and vacuum entanglement
Authors: Svidzinsky Anatoly
Published: April 2024

If a boundary between two static media is moving with a constant superluminal velocity, or there is a sudden change of the refractive index with time, this yields generation of entangled pairs of photons out of vacuum propagating in the opposite directions. Here we show that during this process, entanglement of Minkowski vacuum is transferred to the entanglement of the generated photon pairs. If initially an electromagnetic pulse is present in the medium the photon generation is stimulated into the pulse mode, and since photons are created as entangled pairs the counter-propagating photon partners produce a pulse moving in the opposite direction, which is known as time reflection. Thus, time reflection occurs due to stimulated generation of the entangled photon pairs out of entangled vacuum and no photons in the original pulse are in fact being reflected. This is different from the mechanism of light reflection from spatial inhomogeneities for which no photons are generated.
Photonic convolution accelerator based on a hybrid integrated multi-wavelength laser array by photonic wire bonding for real-time image classification
Authors: Ma Yuxin , Tang Kaifei , Lu Jun , Sun Zhenxing , Yao Lu , Wang Yujiang , Xu Zhenzhen , Li Mi , Wang Xin , Xiao Rulei , Xin Yu , Liu Jiahui , Ji Xiang , Jiang Wei , Shi Yuechun , Chen Xiangfei
Published: April 2024

We propose and experimentally demonstrate a compact and efficient photonic convolution accelerator based on a hybrid integrated multi-wavelength DFB laser array by photonic wire bonding. The photonic convolution accelerator operates at 60.12 GOPS for one 3 × 3 kernel with a convolution window vertical sliding stride of 1 and generates 500 images of real-time image classification. Furthermore, real-time image classification on the MNIST database of handwritten digits with a prediction accuracy of 93.86% is achieved. This work provides a novel, to the best of our knowledge, compact hybrid integration platform to realize the optical convolutional neural networks.
DBDNMF: A Dual Branch Deep Neural Matrix Factorization method for drug response prediction
Authors: Liu Hui , Wang Feng , Yu Jian , Pan Yong , Gong Chaoju , Zhang Liang , Zhang Lin
Published: April 2024

Anti-cancer response of cell lines to drugs is in urgent need for individualized precision medical decision-making in the era of precision medicine. Measurements with wet-experiments is time-consuming and expensive and it is almost impossible for wide ranges of application. The design of computational models that can precisely predict the responses between drugs and cell lines could provide a credible reference for further research. Existing methods of response prediction based on matrix factorization or neural networks have revealed that both linear or nonlinear latent characteristics are applicable and effective for the precise prediction of drug responses. However, the majority of them consider only linear or nonlinear relationships for drug response prediction. Herein, we propose a Dual Branch Deep Neural Matrix Factorization (DBDNMF) method to address the above-mentioned issues. DBDNMF learns the latent representation of drugs and cell lines through flexible inputs and reconstructs the partially observed matrix through a series of hidden neural network layers. Experimental results on the datasets of Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia (CCLE) and Genomics of Drug Sensitivity in Cancer (GDSC) show that the accuracy of drug prediction exceeds state-of-the-art drug response prediction algorithms, demonstrating its reliability and stability. The hierarchical clustering results show that drugs with similar response levels tend to target similar signaling pathway, and cell lines coming from the same tissue subtype tend to share the same pattern of response, which are consistent with previously published studies.
Association between physical multimorbidity and common mental health disorders in rural and urban Malawian settings: Preliminary findings from Healthy Lives Malawi long-term conditions survey
Authors: Nkoka Owen , Munthali-Mkandawire Shekinah , Mwandira Kondwani , Nindi Providence , Dube Albert , Nyanjagha Innocent , Mainjeni Angella , Malava Jullita , Amoah Abena S. , McLean Estelle , Stewart Robert C. , Crampin Amelia C. , Price Alison J.
Published: April 2024

In low-income Africa, the epidemiology of physical multimorbidity and associated mental health conditions is not well described. We investigated the multimorbidity burden, disease combinations, and relationship between physical multimorbidity and common mental health disorders in rural and urban Malawi using early data from 9,849 adults recruited to an on-going large cross-sectional study on long-term conditions, initiated in 2021. Multimorbidity was defined as having two or more measured (diabetes, hypertension) or self-reported (diabetes, hypertension, disability, chronic pain, HIV, asthma, stroke, heart disease, and epilepsy) conditions. Depression and anxiety symptoms were measured using the 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) and the 7-item General Anxiety Disorder scale (GAD-7) and defined by the total score (range 0–27 and 0–21, respectively). We determined age-standardized multimorbidity prevalence and condition combinations. Additionally, we used multiple linear regression models to examine the association between physical multimorbidity and depression and anxiety symptom scores. Of participants, 81% were rural dwelling, 56% were female, and the median age was 30 years (Inter Quartile Range 21–43). The age-standardized urban and rural prevalence of multimorbidity was 14.1% (95% CI, 12.5–15.8%) and 12.2% (95% CI, 11.6–12.9%), respectively. In adults with two conditions, hypertension, and disability co-occurred most frequently (18%), and in those with three conditions, hypertension, disability, and chronic pain were the most common combination (23%). Compared to adults without physical conditions, having one (B-Coefficient (B) 0.79; 95% C1 0.63–0.94%), two- (B 1.36; 95% CI 1.14–1.58%), and three- or more- physical conditions (B 2.23; 95% CI 1.86–2.59%) were associated with increasing depression score, p-trend <0.001. A comparable ‘dose-response’ relationship was observed between physical multimorbidity and anxiety symptom scores. While the direction of observed associations cannot be determined with these cross-sectional data, our findings highlight the burden of multimorbidity and the need to integrate mental and physical health service delivery in Malawi.
Knowledge-attitude and practice of Anthrax and brucellosis: Implications for zoonotic disease surveillance and control in pastoral communities of Afar and Somali region, Ethiopia
Authors: Tschopp Rea , Kidanu Ashenafi GebreGiorgis
Published: April 2024

Background

Anthrax and brucellosis are endemic national priority zoonotic diseases in Ethiopia. This study assess the possible factors explaining the current limited information available on animal and human cases in pastoral communities.

Methods

Two questionnaire surveys gathered data from 509 pastoralists and 51 healthcare providers between February and April 2019 in five districts of Afar and the Somali region (SRS).

Results

Among the 51 healthcare providers, 25 (49%) and 38 (74.5%) had heard of brucellosis, and anthrax, respectively. Of those, only 3 (12%) and 14 (36.8%) knew the symptoms of brucellosis and Anthrax. None of the Health Extension Workers knew any disease symptoms. Healthcare providers recalled two human cases of brucellosis and 39 cases of Anthrax in the last 12 months, based on symptom-based diagnosis. Pastoralists had a moderate level of knowledge about diseases in their animals, with over half (52.4%; n = 267/509) understanding that animals can transmit diseases to people. Overall, 280 out of 508 (55.1%) and 333 out of 507 (65.7%) pastoralists had heard of brucellosis and Anthrax, respectively. Among the latter, 282 (51.3%) knew at least one preventive measure for Anthrax. However, disease knowledge among women was poor. Despite their knowledge, pastoralists engaged in risky unprotected animal handling, animal product consumption/usage as well as husbandry behaviors exposing them to pathogens and favoring the spread of diseases. They identified Anthrax as the most important zoonosis (47.6%) and as one of top three diseases suspected to cause mortality in their livestock. Pastoralists highlighted lack of vaccine coverage, availability and their timely administration. Both, pastoralists and healthcare providers stated the lack of disease awareness and the unavailability of drugs in the market as important challenges. Health facilities lacked protocols and standard operating procedures for managing zoonotic diseases, and did not have access to laboratory confirmation of pathogens.

Conclusion

Our study revealed significant under-reporting of Anthrax and brucellosis, and weak prevention and response in humans, mostly associated with poor disease knowledge of healthcare providers. Ability to respond to animal outbreaks was limited by vaccine and drugs availability, timely vaccine administration and the mobility of pastoralists.
Impact of body image and perceived stigmatization on the psychological wellbeing of obese women in Kumasi metropolis, Ghana
Authors: Afriyie-Adjimi Harriet , Nkyi Anthony Kwabena
Published: April 2024

Obesity is found to have a significant impact on body image perception and overall well-being. This study examines the impact of body image and perceived stigmatization on the psychological wellbeing of obese women in Kumasi metropolis, Ghana. A sample of 231 obese women was selected from health shops and some fitness centers using snowballing technique (purposive, snowballing technique and convenience). The study employed the descriptive survey design and made use of both descriptive and inferential data analysis approaches. The body shape questionnaire BSQ-34, the inventory of the Stigmatization Situation (SSI) and finally, the psychological well-being tools were used. Also, frequency distributions mean, and standard deviation, Pearson correlation coefficient and simple linear regression analysis were employed using SPSS version 23. Our findings indicated that obese women in the Kumasi metropolis were significantly satisfied with their body image. This is a true reflection of their higher self-esteem and standard of living. The body image and perceived stigmatization on the psychological wellbeing of the obese do have some counselling implications. Counselors, nutritionists, and clinical psychologists address specific schemes such as binge eating, dieting, and exercising to build the self-esteem of obese women.
Accessibility of intimate partner violence-related services for young women in Spain. Qualitative study on professionals’ perspectives
Authors: Otero-García Laura , Durán-Martín Eva , Castellanos-Torres Esther , Sanz-Barbero Belén , Vives-Cases Carmen
Published: April 2024

Introduction

Intimate partner violence (IPV) is common among young people, but the use of IPV resources among young adult women and teenagers is limited. This study aims to analyze professionals’ perceptions about the main barriers and facilitators encountered by young women (16–29 years old) exposed to intimate partner violence (IPV) when accessing formal services in Spain.

Methods

Qualitative study based on 17 in depth interviews carried out in 2019 with professionals who manage resources for IPV care in Madrid (Spain) from different sectors (social services, health care, security forces, women or youth issues offices, associations). A qualitative content analysis was conducted.

Results

The professionals interviewed perceive the following barriers: 1) Time it takes for young women to recognize IPV because the social construction of sexual-affective relationships is permeated by gender inequality; 2) The process of leaving a situation of abuse; 3) Barriers inherent to IPV services. The key aspects to improve access to these resources are related to care services, professional practice, and the young women themselves.

Conclusions

There are both psychosocial barriers, derived from the process of leaving a situation of violence, as well as structural barriers for young women to access and properly use the recognized services specifically aimed at them or comprehensive IPV care. Services need to be tailored to the needs of young women so they can be truly effective in order to escape IPV.
Intelligent supervision of PIVAS drug dispensing based on image recognition technology
Authors: Deng Jianzhi , Chen Ying , Zhang Xiaoyu , Zhou Yuehan , Xiong Bin
Published: April 2024

Pharmacy Intravenous Admixture Services (PIVAS) are places dedicated to the centralized dispensing of intravenous drugs, usually managed and operated by professional pharmacists and pharmacy technicians, and are an integral part of modern healthcare. However, the workflow of PIVAS has some problems, such as low efficiency and error-prone. This study aims to improve the efficiency of drug dispensing, reduce the rate of manual misjudgment, and minimize drug errors by conducting an in-depth study of the entire workflow of PIVAS and applying image recognition technology to the drug checking and dispensing process. Firstly, through experimental comparison, a target detection model suitable for drug category recognition is selected in the drug-checking process of PIVAS, and it is improved to improve the recognition accuracy and speed of intravenous drug categories. Secondly, a corner detection model for drug dosage recognition was studied in the drug dispensing stage to further increase drug dispensing accuracy. Then the PIVAS drug category recognition system and PIVAS drug dosage recognition system were designed and implemented.
Comparative study on alginate/chitosan microcapsules and Montanide ISA 61 as vaccine adjuvants in mice
Authors: Silva Laice A. , Souza Monique F. , Carvalho Thaynara P. , Santana Clarissa H. , Guedes Andressa C. , Oliveira Jefferson Bruno S. , de Lima Pâmela A. , Nogueira Paulo Roberto A. , de Mello Brandão Humberto , da Paixão Tatiane A. , Santos Renato Lima
Published: April 2024

Selection of adjuvant to be combined with the antigen is an extremely important point for formulating effective vaccines. The aim of this study was to evaluate reactogenicity, levels of IgM, IgG and subclasses (IgG1, IgG2b and IgG3), and protection elicited by vaccine formulations with association of chitosan coated alginate or Montanide ISA 61 with γ-irradiated Brucella ovis. The alginate/chitosan biopolymers as well as the Montanide ISA 61 emulsion elicited intense and long-lasting local response, especially when associated with the antigen. However, Montanide ISA 61 induced less intense reactogenicity when compared to alginate/chitosan. Furthermore, γ-irradiated B. ovis with Montanide ISA 61 induced higher levels of IgG2b an important marker of cellular immune response. In conclusion, Montanide ISA 61 resulted in milder reactogenicity when compared to the alginate/chitosan, while it induced a high IgG2b/IgG1 ratio compatible with a Th1 profile response.
Executive dysfunction as a possible mediator for the association between excessive screen time and problematic behaviors in preschoolers
Authors: Likhitweerawong Narueporn , Boonchooduang Nonglak , Khorana Jiraporn , Phinyo Phichayut , Patumanond Jayanton , Louthrenoo Orawan
Published: April 2024

Excessive screen time in children is a growing concern for parents and healthcare providers worldwide because it frequently leads to behavioral problems. Although executive dysfunction is proposed to be one of the contributing factors to maladaptive behaviors, little is known about the link between screen time and behaviors. This study aimed to identify whether executive dysfunction contributes to the negative behaviors of children exposed to excessive screen time. A cross-sectional study was conducted on preschool-aged children from public and private schools in Chiang Mai, Thailand. The parents/guardians of each child completed the questionnaires regarding clinical characteristics and screen time use, the Behavior Rating Inventory for Executive Function-Preschool (BRIEF-P), and the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). Children with more than one hour of media exposure per day were considered to have excessive screen time. Multivariable Gaussian regression was analyzed to compare the BRIEF-P and SDQ scores between the excessive and appropriate screen time groups. Causal mediation analysis was performed to examine the effects of total screen time on increasing behavioral problems with executive functioning as a mediator. A total of 1,126 preschoolers were included in the analyses. After controlling for age, sex, socioeconomic status, and maternal education, the excessive screen time group had significantly higher BRIEF-P global executive composite score than the appropriate screen time group (mean difference of global executive composite score = 1.49, 95% CI [0.12, 2.86], and p = 0.033). Concurrently, there were significant differences in externalizing behavior subscales and SDQ total difficulties scores between the excessive and appropriate screen time groups (mean difference of total difficulties score = 0.90, 95% CI [0.29, 1.50], and p = 0.004). A significant average causal mediation effect (ACME) of screen time on behavioral problems mediated through executive functioning was β = 0.28, 95% CI [0.13–0.44], which was more than half of the total effect (54.9%, 95% CI [37.4–100%]). The current study suggests that the increase in behavioral issues in preschoolers might be partly explained by the direct effect of excessive screen time and the mediating effect of impaired executive functioning. Our results may raise concerns about the necessity to limit screen time and monitor for executive function deficits and behavioral problems in young children with high screen time.
Performance of different automatic photographic identification software for larvae and adults of the European fire salamander
Authors: Schulte Laura , Faul Charlotte , Oswald Pia , Preißler Kathleen , Steinfartz Sebastian , Veith Michael , Caspers Barbara A.
Published: April 2024

For many species, population sizes are unknown despite their importance for conservation. For population size estimation, capture-mark-recapture (CMR) studies are often used, which include the necessity to identify each individual, mostly through individual markings or genetic characters. Invasive marking techniques, however, can negatively affect the individual fitness. Alternatives are low-impact techniques such as the use of photos for individual identification, for species with stable distinctive phenotypic traits. For the individual identification of photos, a variety of different software, with different requirements, is available. The European fire salamander (Salamandra salamandra) is a species in which individuals, both at the larval stage and as adults, have individual specific patterns that allow for individual identification. In this study, we compared the performance of five different software for the use of photographic identification for the European fire salamander: Amphibian & Reptile Wildbook (ARW), AmphIdent, I3S pattern+, ManderMatcher and Wild-ID. While adults can be identified by all five software, European fire salamander larvae can currently only be identified by two of the five (ARW and Wild-ID). We used one dataset of European fire salamander larval pictures taken in the laboratory and tested this dataset in two of the five software (ARW and Wild-ID). We used another dataset of European fire salamander adult pictures taken in the field and tested this using all five software. We compared the requirements of all software on the pictures used and calculated the False Rejection Rate (FRR) and the Recognition Rate (RR). For the larval dataset (421 pictures) we found that the ARW and Wild-ID performed equally well for individual identification (99.6% and 100% Recognition Rate, respectively). For the adult dataset (377 pictures), we found the best False Rejection Rate in ManderMatcher and the highest Recognition Rate in the ARW. Additionally, the ARW is the only program that requires no image pre-processing. In times of amphibian declines, non-invasive photo identification software allowing capture-mark-recapture studies help to gain knowledge on population sizes, distribution, movement and demography of a population and can thus help to support species conservation.