bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A key region of molecular specificity orchestrates unique ephrin-B1 utilization by Cedar virus
Authors: Pryce Rhys , Azarm Kristopher , Rissanen Ilona , Harlos Karl , Bowden Thomas A , Lee Benhur
Published: December 2019

The emergent zoonotic henipaviruses, Hendra, and Nipah are responsible for frequent and fatal disease outbreaks in domestic animals and humans. Specificity of henipavirus attachment glycoproteins (G) for highly species-conserved ephrin ligands underpins their broad host range and is associated with systemic and neurological disease pathologies. Here, we demonstrate that Cedar virus (CedV)—a related henipavirus that is ostensibly nonpathogenic—possesses an idiosyncratic entry receptor repertoire that includes the common henipaviral receptor, ephrin-B2, but, distinct from pathogenic henipaviruses, does not include ephrin-B3. Uniquely among known henipaviruses, CedV can use ephrin-B1 for cellular entry. Structural analyses of CedV-G reveal a key region of molecular specificity that directs ephrin-B1 utilization, while preserving a universal mode of ephrin-B2 recognition. The structural and functional insights presented uncover diversity within the known henipavirus receptor repertoire and suggest that only modest structural changes may be required to modulate receptor specificities within this group of lethal human pathogens.
A kollektív szerződés jogi természetéről
Authors: Puskás Ágnes
Published: December 2019

A kollektív szerződés jogi természete körül kialakult, több, mint egy évszázados vitában – bár többféle csoportosítás létezik, de – lényegében két álláspont körvonalazódik: az egyik a kollektív szerződésekre jogforrásként tekint, és azokat jogszabályhoz, szabályzathoz hasonlítja, a másik a kollektív szerződés szerződéses jellegének dominanciáját, vagy sajátos szerződési típuskén történő értelmezését hangsúlyozza. A tanulmány a különböző korszakok jogi szabályozásának fényében bemutatja ezen álláspontokat, és a hatályos Mt. alapján megvizsgálja, hogy a kollektív szerződések milyen kettős jellegzetességgel bírnak, illetve melyek azok a sajátosságai, amelyek az egyik illetve a másik álláspontot erősítik. Mindennek alapja az a meglátás, hogy a kollektív szerződéskötés alanyai (azaz a munkáltatók, munkáltatói érdekvédelmi szervetek és szakszervezetek) és érintettjei (a munkavállalók) szemszögéből a jogintézmény lényegesen eltérő jellegzetességgel bír, így mindaz, ami a megállapodást megkötők közötti viszonyban szerződésként jelenik meg, a munkavállalói oldalról – akarategyezségük teljes vagy részleges hiányában – szerződésként csupán kétségekkel értelmezhető.
A szülő és a gyermek közötti kapcsolattartás alapjogi és személyiségi jogi vetülete
Authors: Szendrői Anna
Published: December 2019

A gyermeki jogok térhódításával párhuzamosan a szülő és a gyermek közötti – személyes és közvetlen – kapcsolattartás kiemelt hangsúlyt kapott mind a jogalkotásban, mind pedig a jogalkalmazásban. Jelentősége elsősorban abban rejlik, hogy a gyermek személyiségének harmonikus kibontásához nélkülözhetetlen, hogy családi környezetben, boldog, szeretetteljes és megértő légkörben nőjön fel – abban az esetben is, amennyiben a család egysége véglegesen és helyrehozhatatlanul megbomlik. A kapcsolattartási jog – mely hagyományosan gyermeki jogként kerül kategorizálásra – Janus-arcú jogintézmény: habár szabályait elsősorban magánjogi (polgári jogi) szabályok rögzítik, a jogintézmény legalább annyira közjogi jellegű, mint magánjogi természetű. A két jogág célja jelen esetben egy és ugyanaz: a gyermek minél teljesebb körű védelme. A tanulmány célja annak vizsgálata, hogy a kapcsolattartási jog hogyan illeszthető be az alkotmányjogi, illetve a polgári jogi védelem rendszerébe, továbbá, hogy milyen összefüggések fedezhetőek fel a két jogterület eszközeit illetően.
‘Knowledge about Religions’ and Analytical Skills in Religious Education: Reflections from a Norwegian Context
Authors: Andreassen Bengt Ove
Published: December 2019

Religious education appears in many different models and varies between educational systems and national contexts. Theoretically, religious education is usually divided into confessional and non-confessional models. However, as several researchers have pointed out, the non-confessional models can be ‘marinated’ in confessional religion. In most national contexts, regardless of the model on which it is based, religious education is intended to serve the promotion of social cohesion by way of promoting knowledge and understanding of the new multi‑religious world. However, in official documents and scholarly literature, there is a taken-for-granted relationship between ‘knowledge of religion’ and such general aims. In the article, critical questions concerning this relationship will be raised.
How can nudging solve some of the internet data privacy issues
Authors: De Almendra Freitas Cinthia Obladen , Almada Giovanna Michelato
Published: December 2019

The development of new technologies often arouses discussions concerning privacy rights. Consequently, when the Internet became popular and worldwide spread, user privacy concerns also began to arise. Therefore, with the emergence of the information society, the notion of user privacy became variable and has changed over time and according to the region. Consequently, its concept has been modified over the decades too. In 1890, privacy was defined as the right to be left alone. As time passed, the idea of privacy has changed and has become more and more multifaceted, as a reflection of intrinsic aspects of the society. Even with the volatility of this concept, privacy is a fundamental right, as well as essential for a citizen to use the Internet properly. Although it is a fundamental right, people tend to give up on their privacy because of functionalities on the Internet or exchange it for small rewards. However, users often do not have the knowledge about the exchanges or violations. In order to solve some of the Internet data privacy issues, Libertarian Paternalism may be used. Different researches were conducted by applying this theory in the data privacy sphere. By using nudges, it is possible to help people choose wisely how to protect privacy, or at least to give them the right amount of information and guide users to the best option.
Uma análise do superendividamento a partir de uma perspectiva socioambiental e do direito ao meio ambiente equilibrado
Authors: Efing Antonio Carlos , Mendes Caroline Janaina
Published: December 2019

O presente artigo tem por objetivo analisar o superendividamento para além de uma questão econômica, com uma análise voltada ao superendividado, sujeito que vivencia essa situação, analisando-se as causas desse fato, bem como as suas consequências e os seus possíveis tratamentos. Nessa perspectiva, é examinado em um primeiro momento, como ocorre o consumo na sociedade contemporânea. Em seguida, aborda-se como se dá o desenvolvimento de quadros patológicos devido ao superendividamento, bem como, a análise de como estas doenças podem gerar um consumo exacerbado, que conduz ao superendividamento. Por fim, conclui-se que se faz urgente uma reflexão acerca da necessidade de construção de regulamentação própria acerca do superendividamento no ordenamento jurídico brasileiro, visto o aumento significativo de indivíduos superendividados na sociedade atual, uma regulamentação que trate o superendividamento para além de uma questão econômica, com uma análise socioambiental voltada ao sujeito que vivência essa situação, analisando-se as suas origens, bem como as suas consequências e os seus possíveis enfrentamentos. Para a presente pesquisa, foi utilizado o método de abordagem científica dedutivo, o método procedimental histórico e as técnicas de pesquisa bibliográfica e documental.
Pemanfaatan Media Sosial (Group Whatsapp) dalam Menunjang Aktifitas Belajar Siswa di Luar Jam Sekolah di SMK Negeri 2 Tulungagung
Authors: Anggraini Reno Auliya , Djatmiko Andreas Andrie
Published: December 2019

In the current era of globalization, science and technology are developing rapidly, as is the case in Indonesia. Without realizing communication media has greatly influenced aspects of human life, the most popular use among students is social media as one of the communication tools between friends and with teachers and other people. The use of social media is mostly used by students and teachers using whatsapp social media to convey information quickly, for example information about school assignments, test schedules, or other information. The method used in this study is descriptive qualitative. The pengumoulan technique for the data includes; observation, interview and documentation. With the observation method on the researcher to obtain data about the actual condition of the conditions that exist between the homeroom teacher and students at State Vocational High School 2 Tulungagung. The documentation method itself is looking for data and circumstances related to the object of research and data related to this study. This interview method is used to obtain information directly from the resource person to find out the problems raised in this study. From the results of research using the method of observation, documentation and interviews. Thus the results of this study can be concluded that with the use of social media (whatsapp group) in supporting student learning activities outside school hours can provide changes to student learning activities in the classroom and also improve the value of student learning outcomes.
Peningkatan Hasil Belajar Materi Bangun Datar melalui Model Pembelajaran Index Card Match pada Peserta Didik Kelas II SDN 1 Kebumen Tahun Ajaran 2017/2018
Authors: Winarni Tuti
Published: December 2019

This research is motivated by the low learning outcomes of students in grade II flat material SDN 1 Kebumen. The purpose of this study was to improve mathematics learning outcomes of flat figure material through the Index Card Match (ICM) learning model for grade II students of SDN 1 Kebumen, amounting to 22 students with 13 male students and 9 female students. The research was conducted on April 9, 2018 until May 11, 2018. This study used the Classroom Action Research (CAR) pathway which was conducted in two cycles. Each cycle consists of 2 meetings. Each meeting consists of 4 steps, namely planning, implementation, observation and reflection. Data collection is done by observation and test techniques. Observation sheets were analyzed descriptively, while the learning outcomes tests were analyzed with Minimum completeness criteria (KKM). The results showed an increase in completeness from 23% in pre-cycle, to 45% in cycle I, and 100% in cycle II. The average student learning outcomes increased from 55.90 in the pre-cycle, to 68.54 in the first cycle, and 90.09 in the second cycle. Thus it can be concluded that the application of the Index Card Match learning model can improve student learning outcomes.
Peningkatan Keterampilan Menyelesaikan Masalah Matematika Melalui Model Realistic Mathematic Education pada Peserta Didik Kelas IV Sekolah Dasar Negeri Jomblang 03 Semarang
Authors: Darsimah Darsimah
Published: December 2019

This research was conducted to be based on a problem that was considered crucial by the fourth grade teacher namely the mathematical problem. This research is felt to be carried out immediately because students get poor learning outcomes and low classical completeness. Because if left unchecked this problem will continue to the next level. After the researchers made observations, the root cause of the problem was found. Then researchers collaborate with class teachers looking for solutions to solve these problems. Learning with the RME model is chosen to treat existing problems. The learning outcomes of grade IV students of SDN Jomblang 03 Semarang in learning to solve mathematical problems after the RME model has been applied the aspects of skills and aspects of knowledge have increased. The skill aspect gained a 44% percentage of completeness in cycle I, increasing in cycle II 94%. Aspects of knowledge in the first cycle of 44% increased to 67% of the total number of students. It can be concluded that the improvement of research learning through the application of the RME model has been successful because it can improve student learning outcomes.
Eksperimentasi Pendekatan RME terhadap Prestasi Belajar Matematika Ditinjau dari Motivasi Belajar Siswa
Authors: Suprayogo Rofiq , Sutrisno Sutrisno , Supandi Supandi
Published: December 2019

The purpose of this research is to determine the effect of Realistic Mathematic Education on mathematics learning achivement in terms of student motivation. The research design used in this research is Quasi Experimental Design with factorial 2 × 3. Sampling by Cluster Random Sampling technique. The population in this study is all students of class IX in MTS Futuhiyyah 1 Mranggen. The data in this study is obtained from the posttest result of mathematics learing achivement and questionnaire of student motivation. Data processing is done by using anova calculation of two different cell paths followed by scheffe test '. The conclusions of the results of data processing are (1) Student achievement in kesjangunanan material and kekongruenan using learning approach Realistic Mathematic Education provides better learning achievement compared with conventional approach, (2) highly motivated students have better learning achievement than low motivated students, and students with moderate motivation have better learning outcomes than students with low motivation, and (3) there is no interaction between learning models with student motivation on student achievement.
KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE AND BEHAVIOR STUDY ON DATING VIOLENCE
Authors: KAHVECİ Ceren , KÖYLÜOĞLU Merve , ÖZDEK Cemre Sude , ORAK Dilan
Published: December 2019

The main purpose of this study is to examine the perception of dating violence of individuals who differ in terms of age, gender and education level, and to what extent they are aware of the severity of dating they may be exposed to and the impact of this situation on them. The research was conducted via the internet in Turkey. A questionnaire was applied to all participants from all age groups and all education levels above the age of 18. 74% of the participants were women and 26% were men; it is stated that 6% of them had no dating relationship until today. 79.6% of the participants stated that they witnessed the dating violence and 33.5% stated that jealousy is a sign of love. In a question where it is possible to mark more than one option, 63.6% of the participants deemed neglecting, 41.8% of the participants deemed preventing to meet with their family and friends, 23% of the participants deemed forcing to a sexual intercourse in the scope of dating violence. Dating violence is a type of violence that is frequently encountered in daily life, but social and individual awareness is not at a desired level. Our survey, that we had parallel results with the prior surveys, shows that many people perceive the dating period as the previous stage before the relationship. Since, the violence among spouses during relationship, engagement and marriage are not considered in the scope of dating violence, the findings do not provide the exact number of people who are exposed to dating violence.
LEGAL ANALYSIS OF SEXTORTION CRIME IN THE COMPERATIVE LAW AND TURKISH LAW
Authors: KÜPELİ Ceren
Published: December 2019

Due to technological developments, cybercrime techniques evolve day by day. Nowadays, innocent users have been the target of cybercriminals who want to make money or extort sexual favor in the context of sextortion crime. This paper discusses the definition of sextortion with the techniques used by the criminals, legal framework of aforementioned crime in Turkey and discusses how to prevent and solve past crimes.
ATTITUDES OF HEALTH WORKERS IN FAMILY HEALTH CENTERS ON THE INTIMATE PARTNER VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN (THE CASE OF MARDIN, TURKEY)
Authors: KAYA Burcu , ÇATAR Ramazan Özgür
Published: December 2019

The aim of this study was to determine the attitudes and practices of health workers working in Family Health Centers in Mardin regarding the intimate partner violence against women. This study was carried out with doctors, nurses, midwives and health officials working at Family Health Centers in Mardin. The study was conducted with 307 health workers. In this study, socio-demographic questionnaire and Health Care Provider Survey of Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) Attitudes and Practice were used as a data collection tools. The data was analyzed in the SPSS 20 statistics programme. As a result of the study, it was found that the adequacy level of the attitudes and practices of health workers regarding the intimate partner violence against women was low throughout the study. A statistically significant difference was found between the attitudes and practices of health workers regarding the intimate partner violence against women and occupational, gender, education status, workplace, reporting of violence to the police and the social services (p <0.05). It has been determined that health workers are concerned about their own safety and think about possible legal consequences when questioning the violence against women. As a conclusion health workers should be informed and supported with effective trainings on violence against women.
EVALUACIÓN DE IMPACTO DEL PROYECTO DE VINCULACIÓN CON LA COLECTIVIDAD EN EL PROGRAMA DE CAPACITACIÓN CONTABLE FINANCIERA PARA MUJERES EMPRENDEDORAS EN EL CANTÓN CAYAMBE
Authors: Rodríguez Salazar Pedro David , Mantilla Garcés Diego Marcelo , Zumarraga Marroquin Kerwin Eduardo , Cevallos Bravo Marco Vinicio
Published: December 2019

Los proyectos de vinculación con la sociedad buscan generar un impacto social positivo en las comunidades, pero, en muchas ocasiones, esto no se analiza posterior a su aplicación. Es por esta razón que el presente estudio analiza dicho impacto de uno de los proyectos de vinculación con la sociedad de la Facultad de Ciencias Administrativas de la Universidad Central del Ecuador, determinando de esta manera, si dicho proyecto fue beneficioso y de ser el caso plantear la posibilidad de continuar y replicarlo. Por medio del presente estudio se plantea un modelo aplicable para la evaluación del impacto social de otros proyectos de vinculación.
Benefits from Social Capital and Entrepreneurship Enhancement
Authors: Daniel Tambi Mbu , Neville Zoatsa Mofow
Published: December 2019

This study employed Multiple Correspondence Analyses to construct a social capital index and verified its relationship with entrepreneurship enhancement through Probit model correcting for endogeneity using the Cameroon household consumption survey in Stata. The results indicate that benefits from social capital is strongly correlated with entrepreneurship enhancement, while result by gender of household head, shows that entrepreneurship promotion is stronger among the female as compare to the male counterparts. The same applies for the rural than urban businessmen. We suggest that support policies by donors should be granted to useful associations, and that the government should invest in social capital either directly or indirectly by creating an environment friendly to the emergence of local associations.
"I don't want to be stereotypical, but..." Norwegian EFL learners' awareness of and willingness to challenge visual stereotypes
Authors: Brown Cecilie Waallann
Published: December 2019

This article reports on a study that investigated Norwegian upper secondary pupils’ visual stereotypes, as well as their awareness of and willingness to challenge these stereotypes before and after participating in an educational intervention. In the intervention, critical visual literacy was introduced as one approach to teaching about culture in English foreign language (EFL) teaching. Over the course of 16 weeks, the pupils were engaged in tasks that required them to reflect on visual stereotypes embedded in commonplace ways of representing the world, the origins of these stereotypes, their socio-political consequences, and ways of promoting social justice through taking informed action. Focus group interviews conducted with 30 pupils before and after the intervention comprise the main data set for the current article. These were supplemented by texts produced by the pupils during the intervention. The results of the study showed that the pupils were less inclined to explicitly stereotype based on ethnicity or religion after the intervention. The pupils also displayed an increased awareness of stereotyping as a process, which led some of the groups to challenge specific stereotypes and one group to challenge the process of stereotyping in general. These findings are encouraging for EFL teaching, where one of the aims is to encourage greater understanding between people with different cultural backgrounds.
Surface Temperature and Heat Fluxes: Comparison between Natural Forest and Oil Palm Plantation in Jambi Province Using Surface Energy Balance Algorithm for Land (SEBAL)
Authors: Artikanur Salis Deris , June Tania
Published: December 2019

One of the leading commodities that has contributed a lot of income for Indonesia is oil palm. Oil palm plantations in Jambi are widespread, affecting the energy balance and surface temperature. This study aims to compare surface temperature and heat fluxes of oil palm plantation with different ages, how is the difference between forest and oil palm plantation, and to analyze the effect of oil palm planting on micro-climate change in Jambi. Using the Surface Energy Balance Algorithm for Land (SEBAL), it was found that in Jambi, young oil palm (2 years old) had higher surface temperatures of 2oC compared with adult oil palm (19 years old). While the surface temperature of the adult oil palm plant is slightly higher than natural forest that is 0.5oC. The increase of the age of oil palm followed by the increase of plant height (h), Canopy Cover (CC), and surface roughness which resulted in the increase of NDVI value and the cooling effect around the plantation so that the surface temperature (Ts) decreased as indicated by equation TS = 27.00 - 0.1581h - 0.0317CC and NDVI = 0.1335 + 0.00892h + 0.00096CC. The sensible heat flux (H) is affected by surface temperature, roughness length, friction velocity, and aerodynamic resistance of the plant. The highest H value is in the oil palm plantation near Brimob which is 282 W/m2. Latent heat flux (LE) is the remainder of the net radiation minus the flux of the soil and the flux feels. The highest LE value is in the oil palm plantation of Pompa Air Village which is 710 W/m2. Substantially ground heat flux (G) is affected by net radiation, NDVI, surface temperature, and albedo. The highest value of G is in PT Pisifera Persada oil palm plantation of 98 W/m2.Keywords: NDVI, net radiation, sensible heat flux, latent heat flux, Canopy Cover
Dissolved Organic Carbon Flux On Forest Toposequences in Jambi, Indonesia
Authors: Murtilaksono Kukuh , Anwar Syaiful , Hartono Arief , Sunarti Sunarti , Kuzyakov Yakov , Putra Gilang Sukma , Arifin Syamsul , Sustama Achmad Surya Adi
Published: December 2019

DOC fluxes were studied within soil profiles on forest toposequences transect of Bukit Dua Belas National Park and Harapan Forest, Jambi, Indonesia. DOC concentration was determined using NPOC (Non Purgeable Organic Carbon) method.  Amount and DOC flux from soil horizons on the lower slope was significantly higher than that from the middle and the upper slopes. Amount and DOC flux from AO soil horizon was significantly higher than that from AB and B soil horizons.  DOC was maximally accumulated from AO soil horizon of soil profile on lower slope during rainy season.
Combined effects of controlled atmosphere storage and postharvest ozone treatment on storage life and quality of pomegranate
Authors: BOLEL Hakan , KOYUNCU Mehmet Ali , ERBAŞ Derya
Published: December 2019

The combined effects of controlled atmosphere (CA) storage and postharvest ozone treatment on storage life and quality of pomegranate cv. Hicaznar were investigated. Pomegranates were harvested and grouped in three lots. Non-treated first group was used as control. Second group was exposed to ozone (4 ppm) gaseous for 6h at 5 ºC. Last group was dipped into 0.9 % prochloraz solution (5ºC) for 10 seconds. After treatments, fruit were stored in CA (5 O2 %- 10 CO2 %) conditions at 6 ºC and 90±5 % relative humidity for 5 months. Weight loss, soluble solid content, titratable acidity, respiration rate, fruit skin color, decay incidence, chilling injury and sensory evaluation were determined initially and at one month intervals. Fungicide treatment significantly reduced the weight loss and respiration rate of pomegranates. More decay developed on control fruit than those of ozone and fungicide combinations at the end of storage. Ozone and fungicide treatments gave better results in terms of sensory evaluations compared to control group. No chilling injury incidence was recorded in pomegranate during 5 months. As a result, ozone and prochloraz treatments were effective to prolong the storage life and maintain the post-harvest quality of Hicaznar pomegranate stored in CA conditions.
Tüplü asma fidanlarının vejetatif gelişmesine anaç çapının etkisi
Authors: CANGİ Rüstem , ETKER Mustafa
Published: December 2019

Bu araştırmada, 
tüplü asma fidanlarının bağda vejetatif gelişmesine çelik çaplarının
etkileri araştırılmıştır. İlk olarak,  üç
farklı (6-9 mm,10-13 mm, 14-18 mm) çap
grubuna ayrılan çelikler kullanılmıştır.  
Narince çeşidine ait gözler çaplarına göre tasnif edilen 5BB,
1103 P ve 110 R anaçlarına aşılanarak tüplü fidanlar üretilmiştir. Araziye dikilen tüplü fidanların vejetasyon
dönemindeki büyüme performansları saptanmıştır. Söküm sonrası fidanlarda, fidan
tutma oranı, sürgün çapı, sürgün uzunluğu, sürgün ve kök yaş kuru ağırlıkları
tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca fidanların bağdaki sürgün ve kök biyokütle
değişimleri değerlendirilmiştir.1103P ve 110R'de sürgün ve kök gelişimi 5BB'den
daha iyi olmuştur.1103 P anacına aşılı fidanlarda, çelik çapı arttıkça sürgün
çapı, sürgün uzunluğu, sürgün yaş ve kuru ağırlığı artmıştır. Çelik çapı kök
kuru ağırlığını etkilememiştir. Toprak üstü ve toprak altı biyokütle artış
miktarı anaç genotipi ve çelik çaplarına göre değişmiştir. Dikim sonrası toprak
altındaki biyokütle artışı daha fazla olmuştur.
Agraobacterium vitis ile bulaşık asma kalemlerine yapılan sıcak su uygulamasının kalem gelişimine üzerine etkisi
Authors: YAĞCI Adem , YILDIRIM İbrahim
Published: December 2019

Hastalık
ve zararlılarla mücadele etmede sıcak su kullanımı, fiziksel mücadele
yöntemlerinden birisidir. Uygulamada dikkat edilecek husus; bitkinin
dayanabildiği sıcaklık derecesini ve süresini belirlemektir. Bu çalışma ile;
Narince üzüm çeşidine ait Agrobacterium
vitis ile bulaşık ve sağlıklı kalemlerde farklı sıcaklık derecelerinde (45,
46, 48, 50, 52, 54, 55 ve 56 ºC) 30 dakika süre ile sıcak suda bekletmenin
gözlerde canlılık seviyeleri üzerine etkisinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır.
Kanserli kalemlerde uyanma oranı (%65.8) düşük olmuştur. Sağlıklı kalemlerde 50
°C sıcaklığa kadar sıcak su uygulamaları gözlerde sürmeyi/uyanmayı teşvik
ederken kanserli kalemlerde azalma meydana getirmektedir. Sağlıklı kalemlerde
50 dereceden sonraki her 1 derecelik sıcaklık artışı uyanmada yaklaşık %7.7
oranında bir azalışa neden olmaktadır
Democratic Design for the Humanization of Education
Authors: Lafer Stephen
Published: December 2019

The purpose of this paper is to continue the development of a deep definition for democracy and to consider the implications for educators who teach to that deep definition.  Democracy demands much from its citizens in regard to their ability to acquire knowledge of value and make sense of the meanings inherent in that knowledge, this for the sake of participation in the decision-making processes that are the hallmark of true democracy.  Many societies that claim to be democracies are, at best, something less than true democracies and, to a large extent, this is due to the failings of their educational systems, systems that are remiss in helping their students learn to think well for themselves.  The reasons why this is so are discussed and a call for the reinvention of educational systems is made. Keywords: Democratic design, humanization, society, and true democracy
Identity Formation and Community Organization among Kurdish Diaspora in London
Authors: Ugurlu Omer
Published: December 2019

The purpose of this study is to investigate the role of Kurdish community organisations in preserving identity among the Kurdish diaspora in London. This study contributes to the discussion on ethnic community organisations and analyse the functions of social network theory among Kurdish community organisations in London. In recent years, there have been an increasing number of ethnic community organisations addressing the specific needs of these Kurdish communities, encouraging their cultural, social and diasporic identity. This study is grounded on a qualitative research design within case study approach. In-depth semi-structured interview employed for data collection. The findings of this study indicated that Kurdish community organizations are places for socialisation, friendship settings, an exercise in ethnic identity awareness and counselling. Keywords: Diaspora, Kurdish, social network theory, ethnic community organisations.
A New Constitution for a Stable Nation: A Constitutional Study on the Long-Running Kurdish Question in Turkey
Authors: Kolcak Hakan
Published: December 2019

The absence of a stable nation resulted in a national problem in Turkey, the Kurdish question. Although the country has been attempting to construct a stable nation for more than a decade, it has become apparent that the construction process cannot be completed in the existence of the current Turkish Constitution. Creating a new constitution has therefore become central to the State’s agenda. By employing the methods of comparative constitutional law, this article gives some suggestions for a potential new Turkish constitution that would eventually come up with a formula to form the stable nation and to help the country to resolve its long-running national problem. First, the new constitution may recognise Kurdish and its dialects as national or regional official languages. Second, it may lay a foundation for bilingual education that would enable the use of Kurdish as the language of instruction. Third, it may embrace the term ‘Türkiyeli’ to rule on citizenship matters. Finally, the constitution may provide constitutional protection for Kurdish linguistic, cultural and historical characteristics.
The Last Mufti of Iranian Kurdistan and Its Revision of Kurdish History
Authors: Cabi Marouf Cabi
Published: December 2019

This article analysis Ali Ezzatyar’s The Last Mufti of Iranian Kurdistan, which aims to prove how the Kurds’ supposed indisposition towards political Islam qualifies them to be the natural allies of the West and the Western powers. Supported by the two theses of shared social values and shared rivalries between the Kurds and the West, and centred around its main protagonist Ahmad Muftizadeh’s supposedly alternative form of political Islam, the book is based on two premises: a declining relationship throughout the twentieth century between Kurdish identity and Islamism, and the inconsequential nature of the relationship between Iranian Islamism and Kurdish Islamism. In contrast, and in order to save history from merely serving policy-making, this article argues that the relationships involved were determined in the wider context of the process of the modernization of Iran, in which political Islam emerged and, albeit to a limited extent, influenced the development of a religious Kurdayeti or Kurdishness represented by Muftizadeh.
Am I Invisible?! Millennial Invisibility in America
Authors: Wilson Paris Kyle
Published: December 2019

With social media in the 21st century, Americans can argue that the United States has become an interconnected society that exposes all people to different cultures and lifestyles. Although a powerful medium, social media has presented adverse effects that decreases the trust that Millennials, especially Black Millennials, have in American society. In this paper, Millennials ask, what is the value of the Millennial population to American society? Millennials, a creative class of individuals, are working within a system that was created without them in mind and without developing a values-based system that is comprised of empathy and an understanding of the societal challenges, Americans will continue to perpetuate a divided America amongst age groups without the proper solutions for correction. This conversation is rooted in the essence of empathy, equity, and understanding where policy and decision-making in the public and governmental organizations must incorporate to increase Millennial visibility and build a culturally competent and mentally healthier America that will benefit all.
Non-Violent Resistance in Iranian Kurdistan After 1979
Authors: Hassaniyan Allan
Published: December 2019

This paper sheds light on the significance of the 1979 Iranian Revolution for the Iranian Kurdish movement, arguing that the Revolution provided Iranian Kurds with multifaceted opportunities as well as challenges. In the ensuing years, the Kurdish movement entered into a new phase of its rise. With the emergence of numerous civil society organizations and political parties, the Kurdish movement experienced a hitherto unprecedented growth and diversification of actors and organisations. Kurdish civil society flourished drastically, and a significant part of the Kurdish movement’s challenge to the newly-established government in Tehran was channelled through collective non-violent resistance. The creation of city councils (şoray şar) across Kurdistan constituted the first important challenge to the authority of the Provisional Revolutionary Government, whilst the mobilisation of collective non-violent resistance introduced new forms of resistance to the post-Revolutionary authoritarian state’s policies in Kurdistan.
Popular Musics of India: An Ethnomusicological Review
Authors: Chakravarty Devpriya
Published: December 2019

This article brings into discussion the presence of a contemporary popular music culture amongst globalised, urban, Indian youth which is perpetuated by Electronic Dance Music (EDM) festivals. This paper begins with the argument as to how there is no one monolithic popular music scene in India by presenting a historical analysis of a timeline for popular musics of India, a scene that has received scanty scholarly attention.
The Underground Railroad As Afrofuturism: Enslaved Blacks Who Imagined A Future And Used Technology To Reach The “Outer Spaces of Slavery”
Authors: Broyld Dann j.
Published: December 2019

This article employs the lens of Afrofuturism to address the Underground Railroad, detailing what imagination, tact, and technology, it took for fugitive Blacks to flee to the “outer spaces of slavery.” Black enslavement was as terrifying as any exotic fictional tale, but it happened to real humans alienated in the “peculiar institution.” Escaping slavery brought dreams to life, and at times must have felt like “magical realism,” or an out-of-body experience, and the American North, Canada, Mexico, Africa, Europe, and free Caribbean islands were otherworldly and science fiction-like, in contrast to where Black fugitives ascended. This article will address the intersections of race, technology, and liberation, by retroactively applying a modern concept to historical moments.
The Left Movement and National Question; From Romanticism to Realism
Authors: Mofidi Sabah
Published: December 2019

This article studies the ‘national question’ and its importance in the Left thought and movement from a realistic and pragmatic perspective. It insists that during the history of this movement, the nationalistic reading on the Left thought even in main socialist countries led to confiscating Marxism in favor of the nationalistic interests, though it apparently emphasized on the internationalist slogans. And the theoreticians and pragmatic Marxist leaders of any country according to the different conditions and priorities had a special interpretation of Marxism. While in some third world countries, the oppressed nations’ nationalistic desires have been condemned by the Left organizations of the dominant nations as deviation from Marxism, to trivialize the national question. This climate affected some Kurdish Left parties so that they at first followed the romantic and idealistic leftists of the nations who don’t have the national question, but afterward with awareness of their theoretical and political mistakes, they tried to distance themselves from them and moved towards realism. So, the author seeks to answer, why it happened and what has its effects been on the Kurdistan politics? In this relation, the article in the different parts examines the importance of the national question and nationalism in the Marxist theories, the Left movement in Iran and Kurdistan totally, and Komala-Kurdistan Toilers Revolutionary Organization of Iran in particular.
O católico e o dilema da opção partidária à luz da Doutrina Social da Igreja
Authors: Messias Elvis Rezende , Maçaneiro Marcial
Published: December 2019

O presente artigo desenvolve a relação entre fé e compromisso político, com foco na possibilidade de opção partidária por parte dos fiéis católicos, à luz dos critérios antropológicos e sociais da Doutrina Social da Igreja, da contribuição teológica de Ratzinger/Bento XVI e dos documentos do CELAM. Problematiza-se a questão de ser ou não possível, ao católico, optar por determinados partidos ou legendas, em vista da participação pública na tarefa política. Como se trata de uma postura política e crente do sujeito, esta questão é refletida sob luz teológico-social, a partir do evento pascal de Cristo, que na Encarnação assumiu a historicidade humana, inspirando na Igreja a proposição de um humanismo integral. Daqui promanam os valores que a Doutrina Social estabelece: respeito pela dignidade humana, promoção da justiça e da paz, em vista de uma sociedade inclusiva e solidária. Com tais critérios, examinam-se os modelos ideológicos do capitalismo e do comunismo, alertando para eventuais reducionismos, em atenção a um projeto de humanidade inspirado no Evangelho. Como resultado desta abordagem propõe-se um olhar sobre a opção partidária mais dialogal que polarizado, atento à dimensão antropológica da Política e aos critérios da Doutrina Social da Igreja, em vista da condução da vida pública. Abstract: The present article develops the relationship between faith and political commitment, focusing on the possibility of an option for a given party by the Catholic faithful, in the light of the anthropological and social criteria of the Social Doctrine of the Church, of the Ratzinger/Bento xvi’s theological contribution and of the CELAM’s (Latin American Episcopal Council) documents. We question whether it is possible, for the Catholics, to opt for given parties or legends, in view of the need for public participation in the political tasks. Since we are dealing with the subject’s political posture and beliefs, this issue is looked at in a theological social light, starting with Christ’s Pascal event that in the Incarnation adopted the human historicity, inspiring the Church with the proposition of an integral humanism. From this derive the values established by the Social Doctrine: respect for the human dignity, the promotion of justice and peace, having in view an inclusive and solidary society. With such criteria, we examine the ideological models of capitalism and communism, calling attention to eventual reductionisms having in mind a project of humanity inspired in the Gospel. As a result of this approach we suggest viewing the party option in a more dialogical and polarized way, observing the anthropological dimension of Politics and the criteria of the Social Doctrine of the Church, in view of the way public life is conducted.Keywords: Faith; Politics; Party option; Social Doctrine of the Church.
A questão do laicato. Um Tributo a José Comblin e Hugo Assmann
Authors: Scopinho Sávio Carlos Desan
Published: December 2019

A questão do laicato está presente em vários campos da teologia e em muitos documentos do magistério eclesiástico. No desenvolvimento da Teologia da Libertação na América Latina essa questão foi apresentada de maneira implícita, embora sempre presente em vários momentos e com diversas abordagens específicas. No Brasil, a temática foi muito enfocada na perspectiva das Comunidades Eclesiais de Base e na reflexão de vários teólogos da libertação, com destaque para José Comblin e Hugo Assmann. A proposta deste artigo é apresentar duas obras desses autores cuja temática do laicato faz parte de seu conteúdo. José Comblin, em sua obra “Teologia da Cidade”, e Hugo Assmann, com seu livro “Teologia desde a Prática da Libertação”, ambos publicados respectivamente em francês e espanhol, propõem, cada um com suas peculiaridades, uma abordagem interessante e oportuna sobre a questão do laicato, pertinentes no atual contexto eclesial e eclesiológico da Igreja Católica diante do pluralismo cultural e religioso da sociedade, particularmente, latino-americana contemporânea. A retomada de suas interpretações visa apresentar a importância desses teólogos brasileiros e, mais que isso, recuperar a pertinência da temática do laicato, presente na história da Igreja Católica, no contexto do Concílio Vaticano II (1962-1965) e no desenvolvimento da Teologia da Libertação latino-americana. Abstract: The laity issue is present in several fields of the theology and in many documents of the Ecclesiastical Magisterium. In the development of the Liberation Theology in Latin America this issue was presented implicitly, although it has been present in various moments and with several specific approaches. In Brazil, the theme has been very focused in the perspective of the Basic Ecclesial Communities and in the reflection of various liberation theologians, with special focus on José Comblin and Hugo Assmann. The proposal of this article is to present two titles of these authors, in which the laity issue takes part of its content. José Comblin, in his title “The City Theology”, and Hugo Assmann, with his book “The Theology since the Liberation Practice”, published in French and in Spanish respectively, propose an interesting and opportune approach about the laity issue, each one with his peculiarities, which still has relevance in the current ecclesial and ecclesiological context of the Catholic Church before the cultural and religious pluralism of the contemporary society. The resumption of their interpretation aims to present the importance of these Brasilian theologians. Furthermore, it intends to recover the relevance of the laity issue present in the history of the Catholic Church in the context of the Second Vatican Concil (1962-1965) and in the development of the latin-american Liberation Theology.
Um novo paradigma na Doutrina Social da Igreja
Authors: Andrade Paulo Fernando Carneiro de
Published: December 2019

O Ensino Social da Igreja constitui uma rica tradição teológica e magisterial sobre questões sociais, econômicas e políticas, que, partindo das Escrituras, estabelece-se na Patrística e avança na Idade Média, prosseguido até os dias de hoje. Como parte deste Ensino, constituiuse, a partir da Encíclica Rerum Novarum de Leão XIII, em 1891, um conjunto de Documentos Pontifícios emanados pelos Papas sucessivos, dedicados às questões sociais, politicas e econômicas ao qual chamamos de Doutrina Social da Igreja e no qual se reconhece certa unidade e coerência. Ao mesmo tempo, porém, encontramos na Doutrina Social da Igreja algumas mudanças paradigmáticas ao longo do tempo que marcam um desenvolvimento não linear deste Ensinamento. Neste artigo buscamos destacar como o Papa Francisco, no seu Pontificado, inaugura um novo paradigma na Doutrina Social da Igreja, unindo a questão social, política e econômica à ambiental, e procuramos analisar qual o seu significado. Abstract: The Social Teaching of the Church constitutes a wealthy theological and magisterial tradition about social economic and political issues. Starting with the Scriptures, it establishes itself in the Patristic and goes forward in the Middle Ages, continuing until present days. As part of these Teachings, and starting with Pope Leo XIII’s Rerum Novarum Encyclic, in 1891, a set of Pontifical Documents, produced by the subsequent Popes was created. This we call the Social Doctrine of the Church and in it we perceive a certain unity and coherence. At the same time, however, we find in the Social Doctrine of the Church some paradigmatic changes overtime that show a non-linear development of this Doctrine.  In this article we seek to emphasize how Pope Francis, in his Pontificate, inaugurated a new paradigm in the Social Doctrine of the Church, linking the social political and economic issues to the environmental one and we attempt to analyze its meaning.Keywords: Pope Francis; Social Doctrine of the Church; New paradigm; Option for the poor; socio-environmental crisis.
A pesquisa on-line sobre amamentação: entre o senso comum e a OMS na era digital
Authors: Dalmaso Marina Souto , Bonamigo Andrea Wander
Published: December 2019

Uma vez que a internet assumiu o papel de fonte preferencial e espontânea de acesso à informação, o objetivo deste estudo é sintetizar o que as mães brasileiras buscam e encontram na internet sobre aleitamento materno, por meio de revisão crítica da literatura científica dos últimos 10 anos. Os estudos selecionados permitiram a categorização de três tópicos de discussão: qualidade das informações disponíveis; desenvolvimento de facilitadores para acesso a informações sobre aleitamento materno; e grupos virtuais de apoio à amamentação como espaço de educação em saúde. A internet é uma área com grande potencial para o desenvolvimento de ações de educação em saúde e promoção do aleitamento materno. Apesar de pertinente e atual, a literatura científica carece de pesquisas que explorem o tema do aleitamento materno sob o ponto de vista da interação on-line das mães, sendo este um campo muito rico para estudos futuros.
Estado nutricional e práticas alimentares de idosos do Piauí: dados do Sistema de Vigilância Alimentar e Nutricional – SISVAN Web
Authors: Pereira Roberto Lucas Moura Ruben , Sampaio Jéssica Pinheiro Mendes
Published: December 2019

A avaliação do estado nutricional dos idosos possibilita uma intervenção adequada, a fim de evitar ou minimizar agravos à saúde que comprometam a capacidade funcional dessas pessoas. Nessa perspectiva, o trabalho apresentado neste artigo teve como objetivo verificar o estado nutricional e hábitos alimentares da população idosa do estado do Piauí. Foram utilizados dados de acesso público disponíveis no SISVAN Web referentes à avaliação nutricional realizada nos anos de 2014 a 2018. Observou-se aumento da prevalência de sobrepeso naquela população e uma diminuição do número de pessoas com baixo peso. Quando avaliados por sexo, as mulheres apresentaram maiores percentuais de excesso de peso em todos aqueles anos. O perfil do consumo alimentar mostrou que a maioria dos idosos consome alimentos in natura como frutas, verduras e feijão, e que, entre os que participaram da amostra, poucos fizeram uso de alimentos ultraprocessados. Por fim, cabe ressaltar a importância da avaliação do quadro de saúde da população como forma de subsídio para o planejamento de ações de saúde, dessa forma alocando melhor os recursos e possibilitando uma atuação eficaz dos que trabalham na área da saúde.