bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Global economic footprint of the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Guan Dabo , Wang Daoping , Hallegatte Stephane , Huo Jingwen , Li Shuping , Bai Yangchun , Lei Tianyang , Xue Qianyu , Davis Steven J. , Coffman D’Maris , Cheng Danyang , Chen Peipei , Liang Xi , Xu Bing , Lu Xiaoshang , Wang Shouyang , Hubacek Klaus , Gong Peng
Published: April 2020

Countries around the world have sought to stop the spread of the 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19) by severely restricting travel and in-person commercial activities. Here, we analyse the economic footprint of such “lockdowns” using detailed datasets of global supply chains and a set of pandemic scenarios. We find that COVID-related economic losses are largely dependent on the number of countries imposing lockdowns, and that losses are more sensitive to the duration of a lockdown that its strictness—suggesting that more severe restrictions can reduce economic damages if they successfully shorten the duration of a lockdown. Our results also highlight several key vulnerabilities in global supply chains: Even countries that are not directly affected by COVID-19 can experience large losses (e.g., >20% of their GDP)—with such cascading impacts often occurring in low- and middle-income countries. Open and highly-specialized economies suffer particularly large losses (e.g., energy-exporting Central Asian countries or tourism-focused Caribbean countries). Supply bottlenecks and declines in consumer demand lead to especially large losses in globalized sectors such as electronics (production decreases of 13-53% across our scenarios) and automobiles (2-49%). Although retrospective analyses will undoubtedly provide further policy-relevant insights, our findings already imply that earlier, stricter, and thus shorter lockdowns are likely to minimize overall economic damages, and that global supply chains will magnify economic losses in some countries and industry sectors regardless of direct effects of the coronavirus.
Bildung in der digitalen Welt: Über Wirkungsannahmen und die soziale Konstruktion des Digitalen
Authors: Kerres Michael
Published: April 2020

Die Diskussion über die Digitalisierung in der Bildung beschäftigt sich mit der Frage, was für die Zukunft gelehrt und gelernt werden soll, und ist dabei mit der Unsicherheit von Zukunftsentwürfen konfrontiert. Auf der Basis gesellschaftlicher Verständigungsprozesse weisen Kompetenzlisten aus, was für die Zukunft wichtig ist und gelernt werden sollte. Sie sind vielfach so angelegt, dass sie ihre Zukunftsentwürfe verstecken, und so der weiteren Verständigung entziehen. Der Beitrag kontrastiert kulturtheoretische Überlegungen zur digitalen Epoche mit den oftmals impliziten Annahmen vorliegender Entwürfe, die regelmässig auf einen Technikdeterminismus verweisen. Sie schreiben der Technik die entscheidende Wirkung auf gesellschaftliche Entwicklung zu und verdecken die Gestaltungsoptionen in der handelnden Auseinandersetzung mit der amorphen Digitaltechnik. Auf dem Hintergrund bildungstheoretischer Überlegungen wird das Verständnis von Bildung in der digitalen Welt vorgestellt und in Beziehung gesetzt zu den generischen und domänenspezifischen Kompetenzen zu ihrer gestaltenden Teilhabe.
Morphological and molecular characterization of Pungentus sufiyanensis n. sp. and additional data on P. engadinensis (Altherr, 1950) Altherr, 1952 (Dorylaimida: Nordiidae) from northwest of Iran
Authors: Vazifeh Nasir , Niknam Gholamreza , Jabbari Habibeh , Peña-Santiago Reyes
Published: April 2020

Two species of the genus Pungentus, one new and one known, collected in natural vegetation and cultivated soils in northwest of Iran, are studied. Pungentus sufiyanensis n. sp. is characterized by its 1.22 to 1.57 mm long body, offset lip region by a constriction and 7 to 9 μm broad, 18 to 21 μm long odontostyle, 304 to 348 μm long neck, 133 to 161 μm long esophageal expansion, mono-opisthodelphic female genital system without anterior uterine sac, slightly backward directed vagina, absence of pars refringens vaginae, V = 47−54, rounded-conoid caudal region (17.5–23 μm, c = 65–84, c´ = 0.7–1) with saccate bodies, and the absence of male. Molecular analysis, based on D2-D3 expansion segments of the 28S rDNA (LSU), confirms the monophyly of the family Nordiidae and suggests the monophyly of the genus Pungentus, with the new species forming a clade with other Iranian species. New data are presented for six Iranian populations of P. engadinensis, and an updated key for the identification of Pungentus species is also provided.
KANT’IN VE HEGEL’İN FELSEFESİNDE CEZANIN AMACI
Authors: AYDIN Melike Belkıs
Published: April 2020

Ceza kavramı modern hukuk felsefesine ilişkin temel sorunsallardandır. Cezanın amacı aynı zamanda hukuk düzeninin varlığının meşruiyetine ilişkin bir sorundur. Cezalandırmanın amacına ilişkin mutlak teori, bozulan adalet düzeninin yeniden tesis edilmesi ve misilleme amaçlarını bir arada gütmektedir. Mutlak teori taraftarlarına göre cezalandırma ile faile ya bir başkasına katkı sunulamaz. Mutlak teori, bireyin tanımlanmaya ve birey olmanın kurucu işlev edinmeye başladığı dönemde, modern devletin şiddet tekeli ve meşruiyeti bağlamında oluşturulmuştur. Türkçe hukuk felsefesi alanyazınında cezalandırmanın amacına çokça değinilmemiştir. Bu konu ceza hukuku genel hükümler kitaplarında derlenmiştir. Oysa cezalandırmanın amacı düpedüz bir hukuk politikası ve felsefesi sorunudur. Kant ile Hegel’in cezalandırmanın amacına ilişkin karşılaştırmalı bir okumalarının Türkçede de hukuk felsefesi perspektifinden yapılması gerekmektedir. Bu çalışmada Alman idealizminin iki önemli ismi, Kant ile Hegel’de cezalandırmanın amacı karşılaştırmalı olarak ele alınacaktır. Her iki düşünür de cezanın amacı, cezanın türü, cezanın adaletle ilişkisi ve cezalandırmaya yetkili makamlar hakkındaki değerlendirmeleri bakımından karşılaştırmalı olarak değerlendirilecektir. Son tahlilde her iki düşünür de cezanın pragmatik bir yararının olmaması gerektiğini savunmaları bakımından benzerdirler.
Powinności rolników w świetle encykliki papieża Franciszka Laudato si’
Authors: Kowalski Ryszard , Grott Edward
Published: April 2020

Artykuł jest efektem analizy tekstu encykliki Ojca Świętego Franciszka, zatytułowanej Laudato si’. Analizę przeprowadzono pod kątem uwzględnienia, w tym papieskim dokumencie zapisów dotyczących rolniczej aksjologii i deontologii. Dążąc do obiektywnego przedstawienia myśli papieża, w artykule zamieszczono wiele cytatów zaczerpniętych z encykliki. Interpretując myśli trudno bowiem ustrzec się subiektywnego spojrzenia, wynikającego chociażby z zainteresowań badaczy, sposobu rozumienia i interpretacji tekstu, emocji towarzyszących lekturze. W artykule zwrócono uwagę przede wszystkim na te fragmenty papieskiej encykliki, które wskazują na złożoną genezę kryzysu ekologicznego, mającego główne przyczyny w moralnym upadku człowieka, zniszczeniu interpersonalnych relacji i zerwaniu jego więzi z Bogiem. W artykule zamieszczono wyniki badań ankietowych przeprowadzonych wśród rolników, aby wskazać na stan świadomości ekologicznej tej grupy zawodowej, co jest istotne we wdrażaniu do praktyki rolniczej myśli zawartych w encyklice. W podsumowaniu stwierdzono, że jest jeszcze nadzieja i są szanse na zażegnanie kryzysu ekologicznego, ale wymaga to zmiany filozofii postępowania i ograniczenia w życiu ludzi technokratycznego myślenia, konsumpcyjnego nastawienia i zastąpienia konformizmu aktywnym życiem, prowadzonym zgodnie z Ewangelią.
Winter and early spring assemblages of ladybird beetles (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) in two forest habitats in suburban area of Warsaw, central Poland
Authors: Bodzon Karolina , Ceryngier Piotr
Published: April 2020

In March and April of 2014 and 2015, overwintering and post-overwintering assemblages of ladybird beetles were investigated in deciduous (Tilio-Carpinetum) and mixed forest (Querco roboris-Pinetum) patches in a forest complex on the north-western periphery of Warsaw. March samples were collected by sifting forest litter with an entomological sieve, while in April, ladybirds were collected from the vegetation using sweeping net and beating sheet. In both years, mean densities of ladybirds found in March in the two forest types were low, not exceeding 2 individuals/m2. Seven ladybird species were found overwintering in the litter of the deciduous forest and four in that of the mixed forest. Propylea quatuordecimpunctata was the most abundant in both habitats in 2014, while in 2015 in the litter of the deciduous forest Vibidia duodecimguttata predominated. In April, 15 species were recorded in the deciduous forest and 7 in the mixed forest. Scymnus ferrugatus predominated in the former plant community and P. quatuordecimpunctata and Coccinella septempunctata in the latter. Several of the recorded species, such as Clitostethus arcuatus, Scymnus femoralis and S. abietis, have rarely been reported from Poland.
Microbial properties of soil fertilized by sewage sludge and cultivated with energy crops
Authors: Górska Ewa Beata , Stępień Wojciech , Olejniczak Izabella , Pietkiewicz Stefan , Halaji Hazem M. , Kowalczyk Paweł
Published: April 2020

The microbial activity of soil enriched with sewage sludge and cultivated with energy crops, is little known. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of sewage sludge fertilization on selected microorganisms in soil cultivated with the following crops: Miscanthus (Miscanthus x giganteus Greef et Deu), Virginia mallow (Sida hermaphrodita (L.) Rusby) and Common Osier willow (Salix viminalis L.). Sewage sludge was used in two rates 10 and 20 t/ha dry weight (DW). The numbers of total coliforms bacteria, sulphate-reducing spore-forming bacteria, Proteus sp., saprophytic, thermophilic and aerobic spore-forming bacteria were examined. Sewage sludge increased the number of coliforms and sulphate-reducing spore-forming bacteria, and stimulated the growth of saprophytic and thermophilic bacteria. Cultivation of Miscanthus limited the number of coliforms bacteria, while Virginia mallow and Miscanthus reduced the number of sulphate- -reducing spore-forming bacteria. Common Osier willow stimulated the growth of saprophytic bacteria in the soil, while Virginia mallow the number of spore-forming bacteria. Our results revealed that microbial activity of soil expressed as the number of selected bacterial groups, depends not only on the applied rate of sewage sludge fertilizer, but also on the cultivated energy crop.
Kodeks Norymberski a autonomia jednostki
Authors: Krzyżewska Barbara
Published: April 2020

Artykuł przedstawia, jak ważne i potrzebne okazały się zasady sformułowane w jednym z wyroków kończących tzw. procesy norymberskie. Ukazuje też emanację tych zasad w dwóch sferach normatywnych: prawnej oraz etycznej. Tekst ujawnia również, jak bliskie sobie są te sfery w przypadku kwestii regulowanych przez tzw. prawo medyczne. Praca skupia się na autonomii pacjenta/probanta oraz przesłankach stanowiących o ważności zgody na eksperyment medyczny.
Fenomen procesu chorobowego w filozofii medycyny Adama Wrzoska
Authors: Oksiak-Podborączyńska Anna
Published: April 2020

Artykuł podejmuje próbę odtworzenia definicji pojęcia choroby w ujęciu Adama Wrzoska, myśliciela i lekarza praktyka, żyjącego i aktywnie działającego na przełomie XIX i XX wieku, członka Poznańskiej Szkoły Historii Medycyny, jednego z fundatorów Wydziału Lekarskiego na Uniwersytecie Poznańskim. W artykule, autorka analizuje definicję choroby sformułowaną przez Wrzoska w artykule „Określenie pojęcia choroby”. Choć definicja zaproponowana przez Wrzoska w tymże artykule nie jest definicją wprost, to trafnie oddaje podejście do problemu definiowania choroby w polskiej szkole filozofii medycyny.
Wiedza i świadomość ekologiczna uczniów klas trzecich szkół podstawowych i ich rodziców
Authors: Parlak Mirosława
Published: April 2020

W dzisiejszych czasach realizacja treści ekologicznych jest szczególnie ważna. Istotne jest, aby kształtować w dziecku świadomość ekologiczną, poczucie odpowiedzialności, szacunku oraz gotowość do działań na rzecz najbliższego środowiska. Powinnością nauczycieli, wychowanków oraz rodziców jest pobudzanie wrażliwości, emocjonalnego nastawienia do natury oraz wprowadzenie dziecka w świat wartości. Szczególnie istotne są postawy rodziców wobec ochrony przyrody, bowiem mają one bezpośredni wpływ na postawy ich dzieci. Celem podjętych badań była ocena poziomu wiedzy i świadomości ekologicznej uczniów III klas szkoły podstawowej oraz ich rodziców, a także próba zestawienia uzyskanych danych. Ocena wyników uzyskanych przez obie grupy wskazuje na wyższą wiedzę i świadomość ekologiczną młodszego pokolenia, niższą – pokolenia starszego. Można uznać, że dobry poziom osiągnięć dzieci jest zasługą nauczycieli i szkoły.
Niezamierzony transport propaguli grzybów pleśniowych do biomu Antarktyki a zdolność rozwoju w niskich temperaturach
Authors: Augustyniuk-Kram Anna
Published: April 2020

Obecność człowieka w Antarktyce to przede wszystkim działalność naukowa, ale również w ostatnim czasie wzmożony ruch turystyczny. Sprzyja to inwazji obcych gatunków flory i fauny, a także mikroorganizmów, mogących zagrażać gatunkom rodzimym. Grzyby pleśniowe będące przedmiotem badań zaliczane są do organizmów kosmopolitycznych, łatwo rozprzestrzeniających się i zasiedlających różnorodne środowiska, w tym również ekstremalnie zimne, takie jak rejony polarne. Organizmy te, by skutecznie skolonizować nowe środowisko oprócz żywotnych propagul i skutecznych mechanizmów transportu muszą być zdolne do wzrostu i reprodukcji w ekstremalnych warunkach. Celem badań było określenie czy propagule grzybów pleśniowych zawleczone (przypadkowo przetransportowane) do biomu Antarktyki przez turystów i członków wypraw naukowych są zdolne do rozwoju w niskich temperaturach. Stwierdzono, że Penicillium sp., Alternaria alternata, Cladosporium cladosporioides, Trichoderma viride, Geotrichum candidum i Botrytis cinerea były zdolne do rozwoju w niskich temperaturach (5 i 10oC oraz po jednym cyklu zamrożenia do -15oC i odmrożenia do +10oC). Nie wytwarzały one makroskopowo widocznej grzybni w temp. 0oC, lecz nie była to dla nich temperatura letalna, ponieważ po przeniesieniu do wyższych temperatur podejmowały wzrost nawet po dosyć długim czasie od rozpoczęcia eksperymentu. Najbardziej wrażliwy okazał się Aspergillus flavus. Przy niższych temperaturach (od 0 do 5oC) nie rozwijał się, natomiast zamrożenie i odmrożenie było dla tego gatunku letalne. Niektóre gatunki (G. candidum, T. viride i B. cinerea) mimo rozwoju grzybni, w niższych temperaturach nie produkowały zarodników.
Rola argumentacji religijnej w kształtowaniu pro-środowiskowych postaw chrześcijan w Polsce
Authors: Sadowski Ryszard F.
Published: April 2020

Argumenty religijne stanowią ważny czynnik wpływający na codzienne wybory ludzi. Wybory te skutkują, m.in. względem środowiska przyrodniczego i przyczyniają się do polepszenia lub pogorszenia jego kondycji. Artykuł ten stawia sobie za cel ukazanie ekologicznego potencjału argumentacji religijnej Polaków oraz ukazanie stosowanych argumentów wynikających z wyznawanej wiary. Ponadto opracowanie to wskazuje argumentację religijną użytą w wypowiedziach oficjalnych przedstawicieli Kościoła katolickiego w Polsce na tematy środowiskowe oraz przykłady motywowanych religijnie działań świeckich chrześcijan na rzecz środowiska.
Being an environmentalist among Catholics ... The School of Integral Ecology Leaders and Other Initiatives of the St. Francis of Assisi Ecological Movement (REFA)
Authors: Ślimko Emilia , Jaromi Stanisław
Published: April 2020

This study provides a summary description of the abundant activities of the St. Francis of Assisi Ecological Movement (REFA), which emerged over 30 years ago in the environment of Polish Franciscans and which ever since has been propagating the idea of engaging Christians in environmental protection issues. REFA’s motto is “Catholics among ecologists, environmentalists among Catholics.” In its activity, REFA has undertaken many different pro-environmental initiatives and implemented many ecological projects, part of which are presented in this study.
Development and Characterization of Polymeric Peptides for Antibody Tagging of Bacterial Targets
Authors: Climacosa Fresthel Monica M. , King Ruby Anne N. , Santos Bobbie Marie M. , Caoili Salvador Eugenio C.
Published: April 2020

Background:

Microbe-Binding Peptides (MBPs) are currently being investigated to address
the problem of antimicrobial resistance. Strategies enhancing their antimicrobial activity have
been developed, including peptide dimerization. Here, we present an alternative approach based on
peptide polymerization, yielding hapten-labelled polymeric MBPs that mediate tagging of bacteria
with anti-hapten antibodies, for enhanced immune recognition by host phagocytes.

Methods:

C-terminally amidated analogs of the bacterial-binding peptide IIGGR were synthesized,
with or without addition of cysteine residues at both N- and C-termini. Peptides were subjected to
oxidizing conditions in a dimethyl-sulfoxide/water solvent system, and polymerization was demonstrated
using SDS-PAGE. Peptides were then N-terminally labelled with a trinitrophenyl (TNP)
group using trinitrobenzene sulfonate (TNBS). Binding to representative bacteria was demonstrated
by ELISA using anti-TNP antibodies and was quantified as half-maximal effective concentration
(EC50). Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and concentration yielding 50% hemolysis
(H50) were estimated. Neutrophil phagocytic index was determined for TNP-labelled polymeric bacterial-
binding peptide (Pbac) with anti-TNP antibodies and/or serum complement.

Results:

Polydisperse Pbac was synthesized. EC50 was lower for Pbac than for the corresponding
monomeric form (Mbac), for both Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213 and Escherichia coli
ATCC 25922. MIC and H50 were >250μg/mL for both Pbac and Mbac. A complement-independent
increase in neutrophil phagocytic index was observed for E. coli treated with TNP-labelled Pbac in
conjunction with anti-TNP antibodies.

Conclusion:

Our data suggest that hapten-labelled polymeric bacterial-binding peptides may easily
be produced from even crude synthetic oligopeptide precursors, and that such bacterial-binding peptides
in conjunction with cognate anti-hapten antibodies can enhance immune recognition of bacteria
by host phagocytes.
GC-MS Based Metabolic Profiling of Parkinson’s Disease with Glutathione S-transferase M1 and T1 Polymorphism in Tunisian Patients
Authors: Rebai Amal , Reçber Tuba , Nemutlu Emirhan , Chbili Chahra , Kurbanoglu Sevinç , Kir Sedef , Amor Sana B. , Özkan Sibel A. , Saguem Saad
Published: April 2020

Aim and Objective:

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most common
neurodegenerative disease. It is a multifactorial disorder (caused by aging, environmental, and
genetic factors). Metabolomics can help explore the biomarker profiles for aging. Recent studies
showed an association between the glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) polymorphisms and PD risk.
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the association of this genetic polymorphism and the
metabolomic profile in PD Tunisian patients, in order to identify effective biomarkers in the
genetic differentiation.

Materials and Methods:

In this study, the metabolomic profile changes related to GSTs
polymorphism were searched in 54 Tunisian PD patients treated with L-dopa, using a gas
chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) technique.

Results:

The study results showed that mannose, methyl stearate, and three other unknown
metabolites, increased in patients with GSTM1 positive genotype, while glycolic acid, porphine,
monomethyl phosphate, fumaric acid, and three other unknown metabolites decreased in patients
with GSTM1 positive genotype. Subsequently, the levels of glycolic acid, erythronic acid, lactic
acid, citric acid, fructose, stearic acid, 2-amino-2-methyl-1,3-propanediol and three other unknown
metabolites increased in patients with GSTM1 positive genotype, while the levels of proline, valine
and two unknown metabolites decreased with GSTT1 positive genotype.

Conclusion:

All these altered metabolites are related to energy metabolism and it can be concluded
that GSTs polymorphism based the shifting in energy metabolism and led to oxidative stress.
Use of Anti-VEGF Drugs in Retinal Vein Occlusions
Authors: Vilela Manuel AP
Published: April 2020

Retinal vein occlusion (RVO) is one of the most prevalent causes of visual loss in the
Western World. Its pathogenesis is still not completely known. Chronic macular edema and ischemia
compromise the functional and anatomical status of the retina. Antivascular endothelial growth factor
(anti-VEGF) injections have demonstrated better results than other previous options, including observation
or laser therapy. This narrative review aims to analyze the current aspects related to these
drugs.
Modulation of Small Artery Function by Insulin in Young Women: Role of Adiposity
Authors: Banerjee Moulinath , Shaw Linda , Charlton-Menys Valentyn , Pemberton Phillip , Malik Rayaz Ahmed , Cruickshank John Kennedy , Austin Clare Elizabeth
Published: April 2020

Objectives:

Vascular dysfunction is common in obesity. Insulin can directly modulate arterial
function, but its role is unclear in obesity. We examined the influence of adiposity on direct effects
of insulin on human artery responses.

Methods:

22 healthy women were stratified by median BMI into lower (LA) (n=11) and higher adiposity
(HA) (n=11). Small arteries from gluteal biopsies were tested for contractile responses to
Noradrenaline (NA), the endothelium-dependent dilator Carbachol and the endothelium-independent
dilator sodium nitroprusside were examined before and after incubation with 100 mU/ml human insulin.

Results:

Contractile responses were similar in the two groups. Insulin reduced NA-induced contraction
in HA [3.5 (2.4-4.6) vs. 2.4 (1.4-3.4) mN/mm: p=0.004] but not those from LA [4.1 (2.8-5.3) vs. 3.7
(2.5-5.0) mN/mm: p=0.33]. Endothelium-dependent dilation (EDD) was significantly reduced in arteries
from women in the HA (34.7 (18.8-50.6%)) compared to those from women in the LA (62.3 (46.2-
78.4); p=0.013). Insulin improved EDD (change in maximal dilation before/after insulin (%)) in arteries
from the HA (37.7 (18.0 to 57.3) but not the LA (6.3 (-6.5 to 19.1), p=0.007.

Conclusion:

Reduced EDD evident in arteries from HA subjects improve by incubating in insulin.
Hyperinsulinaemia may be necessary in maintaining endothelial function in obesity.
DETERMINATION OF SUSTAINABLE BUSINESS FACTORS OF ISLAMIC BANKS IN INDONESIA
Authors: Siswanti Indra
Published: April 2020

The objective of the study is to test and analyze the influence of corporate intellectual capital and company size on sustainable business through financial performance as a mediating variable. The data used was secondary data of financial and annual reports for 2010-2018 period. The population of this study was 9 (nine) Islamic Banks, and the samples used were saturated sampling, thus the sample used was all the 9 (nine) Islamic Banks. The data processing method used is Partial Least Square (PLS). The results of the study found that intellectual capital has a significant effect on financial performance, company size Â has a significant effect on financial performance, where as intellectual capital has no effect on sustainable business. The study Â found that financial performance has a significant effect on sustainable business. Financial performance has a full mediating influence of intellectual capital on sustainable business, and financial performance has a partial mediating influence of company size on sustainable business.Â Keywords:Â  Intellectual Capital, Company size, Financial Performance, and Sustainable Business
A Preliminary Study for the Development of Informant-Report Scale on Cognitive-Linguistic Abilities of the Elderly: Focused on Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Lee Mi Sook , Kim Bo Seon
Published: April 2020

Purpose: Subjective cognitive-linguistic test is used to supplement various objective tests and increase a diagnostic accuracy. The purpose of this preliminary study was to develop and standardize the Informant-report Scale on Cognitive-Linguistic abilities of the Elderly (ISCOLE), and investigate the correlation between ISCOLE and objective test in individuals with neurological disease. Methods: People with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) (n = 30) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) (n = 32) completed the objective cognitive-linguistic test. Informants of these patients (n = 62) and controls (n = 35) provided ratings of ISCOLE. Results: The main findings were as follows. Firstly, there was a significant difference among three groups in all subdomains and total score of ISCOLE. Secondly, several domains like attention, higher-order cognition, and language of ISCOLE were significantly associated with the objective performances in tow groups. Thirdly, memory, language, and total score of ISCOLE were a predictor of memory in MCI group. AD’s higher-order cognition was also predicted by attention, language and higher-order cognition of ISCOLE. Conclusion: This study is expected to help confirm the overall correlations between ISCOLE and objective test, and present the predictors of objective cognitive-linguistic performances in MCI and AD. The findings have implications for the use of ISCOLE in clinical settings. We also showed evidence that the ISCOLE is an informant-based measure of cognitive-linguistic decline providing a relevant contribution to the diagnostic and prognostic investigation of patients with MCI and AD.
A Study on the Korean Conversation Speech Level and Spectrum in Sound-Treated Environment
Authors: Han Young Kwon , Lee Kyoungwon
Published: April 2020

Purpose: Several studies have reported the differences between Korean and other countries’ speech in long-term average speech spectrum (LTASS) and band importance function. Authors tried to identify the conversational speech level, the resulting spectrum, and the LTASS for Korean. The purpose of this study was to support the production of a Korean-type hearing aid fitting formula to effectively improve the sound quality of hearing aids and the communication abilities with hearing aids, and to standardize the sound stimuli required to measure the performance of hearing aids. Methods: A total of 73 participants with normal hearing and with no specific voice and language deficits was voluntarily recruited from capital, Gyeongsang and Jeolla areas. The conversational speech level was measured by vocalizing ‘soft,’ ‘moderate,’ ‘raised,’ and ‘loud’ at a distance of 1.0 m from the speaker. And LTASS was measured by vocalizing it at a distance of 0.2 m from the speaker. Results: There was a difference in the mean of males and females in the conversation level, but no significant regional differences were shown. The conversational speech level corresponding to 30th, 65th, and 99th percentiles was 59.67, 64.74, and 79.07 dB sound pressure level, respectively. And the speech spectrum of 30th, 65th, and 99th percentile and LTASS showed in different forms from the international speech test signal. Conclusion: The results of this study should help to calculate the Korean type hearing aid fitting formula and should be used as the basic data to determine the characteristics of the sound stimuli when measuring the performance of the hearing aid.
Auditory Training Using Remembering the Order of Sentences for the Elderly Who Wear Hearing Aids: Is it Effective for Speech Perception in Noise, Working Memory and Reasoning Ability?
Authors: Kang Donghoon , Kim So Hyun , Yun Dajung , Bahng Junghwa
Published: April 2020

Purpose: The present study examines auditory training outcomes in terms of speech perception in noise, working memory, reasoning ability, and subjective hearing aid satisfaction. Methods: Ten older adults who wear hearing aids (mean age: 71.6) voluntarily participated in the study. For the training material, 78 sentence sets composed of 3 to 5 sentences were used. During the auditory training, participants tried to remember the order of sentences. Among the 78 sentence sets, 45 contained clues and the rest did not. Each participant underwent assessments including speech perception in noise and digit spans and reasoning test and completed a self-report hearing aid satisfaction questionnaire both pre- and post-auditory training. The participants completed eight sessions of the auditory training. Results: The results showed a statistically significant increase in speech recognition ability in noise, short-term memory, and working memory, as well as satisfaction with hearing aid use. Despite a slight increase on the reasoning test, there was no statistically significant improvement.Conclusion: The results of this study suggested that the auditory training in remembering the order of sentences improved speech perception in noise, sensory and working memory, and subjective satisfaction with hearing aids. Future research can investigate more effective auditory training tools to improve the various cognitive skills and communication ability of older adults who wear hearing aids.
Comparison of Speech Recognition and Subjective Hearing Handicap in Elderly Listeners as a Function of Degree of Hearing Loss
Authors: Kim KyooSang , Kim Subong , Lee Jae Hee
Published: April 2020

Purpose: This study aimed to compare objective speech recognition and subjective hearing handicap outcomes as a function of a degree of hearing loss. Methods: 120 elderly listeners participated, ranging in age from 60-83 years. Listeners’ degrees of hearing loss were derived corresponding to a newly proposed World Health Organization hearing impairment grading system. As objective outcomes, word and sentence recognition scores (WRS, SRS) in quiet were measured at an individually determined most comfortable level. The SRS in noise were obtained at 0 dB signal-to-noise ratio. The Korean Evaluation Scale for Hearing Handicap questionnaire for non-hearing aid users was used to evaluate the effects of hearing status on social and psychological aspects. Results: Within the same grading of hearing impairment, listeners tended to show a large individual variability in speech-in-noise recognition and subjective hearing handicaps. Listeners with even mild impairment had more reductions in SRS in noise and more handicaps in an interpersonal relationship compared to normal-hearing listeners. Among the listeners with no impairment or mild hearing impairment, listeners who had poorer sentence-in-noise scores actually showed greater hearing handicaps. The sentence-in-noise scores plus WRS explained the subjective hearing handicap by about 40%. Conclusion: The elderly with normal hearing or mild hearing loss can have reduced communication abilities in background noise, resulting in a negative effect on their social and psychological aspects. It is recommended to conduct the sentence-in-noise intelligibility test and the subjective hearing handicap survey as a standard audiometric measures to confirm the functional communication problems for the elderly.
Telepresence Robots for Healthcare Management: COVID-19 Experience (Preprint)
Authors: MHealth For Belt And Road Region (mHBR) Pradeep , Wang Mingzhong , Pan Chongdan
Published: April 2020

BACKGROUND

Researchers have been investigating the use of robots in the world for elderly in various types of applications, such as communication with relatives and friends at a distance, transportation of medical supplies and equipment across healthcare/aged care facilities, surgical procedures etc. In China, ground zero of the COVID-19 outbreak, robots are being used in hospitals to deliver food and medication and take patients' temperatures. Drones are deployed to transport supplies, spray disinfectants and do thermal imaging. This paper will focus on telepresence robots that have become critically important to perform remote healthcare operations, complying with social distancing measures.UNSW and University of Sunshine Coast have been partners in the European Union VictoryaHome (VH) project (2014-2016) that involved Australia and EU countries Norway, Sweden, Netherlands and Portugal. The project was aimed at better emotional health of the elderly and the project identified some major problems, such as the high cost of robot and its high complexity, making their adoption difficult. This led to the project “Robots for Elderly” as part of the new “Robots for Elderly” project (involving Australia, China, Bangladesh and EU) in mHealth for Belt and Road (mHBR) Initiative led by the UM-SJTU Joint Institute in China from 2018.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study is to design, implement and test a low-cost telepresence robot for healthcare. The focus has been on implementing a low-cost telepresence robot for healthcare management for the elderly during pandemics like COVID-19.

METHODS

This project uses an innovative, multi-disciplinary collaboration across disciplines (software, electronics engineering, mechatronics and public health) involving young university talents from these fields.

RESULTS

According to preliminary customer feedback, the main functions have already been realized by our robot. The cost is approx. $500, about 20 times less expensive than the Giraff robot used in the VH project.

CONCLUSIONS

Many groups all over the world have been trying to develop low-cost robots for various applications. We addressed the needs for the healthcare of elderly, most affected by the Coronavirus and came up with a simple low-cost design of telepresence robot that can be deployed widely in hospitals and aged care establishments. The system is currently in a prototype level and will require an entrepreneur to commercialize it in large scale.
Model Pengelolaan Badan Layanan Umum Daerah Berbasis Teaching Factory Menuju Kemandirian Finansial Sekolah
Authors: Setyo Agus
Published: April 2020

Abstract: The purpose of this study is to illustrate the implementation of a teaching service program based on regional public services in 5 vocational high schools in Surabaya. The research methodology used is descriptive qualitative data collection techniques of observation, interviews, and documentation as well as data analysis models of Miles, Huberman, and Saldana; data coding, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The results of the study explained that the 5 vocational high schools in Surabaya had a teaching factory program that collaborated with the industrial world and produced goods and services that met industry standards. This school has marketed goods and services according to industry standards from the results of student practice so that this school can carry out regional business service agencies from the province of East Java. Proceeds from sales of products and services that have been marketed to the community will be able to increase school income so that the proceeds from the sale can be used to improve the quality and welfare of the school. Local public service agencies based on teaching factories with products produced by students can create school financial independence, without having to always expect help from the government.Keyword: Regional Public Service Board, Teaching Factory, School Financial IndependenceAbstrak : Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menggambarkan pelaksanaan program badan layanan umum daerah berbasis teaching factory di sekolah menengah kejuruan negeri 5 kota Surabaya. Metodelogi penelitian yang digunakan adalah deskriptif kualitatif dengan teknik pengumpulan data pengamatan, wawancara, dan dokumentasi serta analisis data model Miles, Huberman dan Saldana; kodensasi data, penyajian data dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian menjelaskan bahwa sekolah menengah kejuruan negeri 5 kota Surabaya memiliki program teaching factory yang kerjasama dengan dunia industry serta menghasilkan barang dan jasa yang sesuai standar industry. Sekolah ini sudah memasarkan barang dan jasa sesuai standar industry dari hasil praktik siswa sehingga sekolah ini dapat melaksanakan badan layanan usaha daerah dari propinsi Jawa Timur. Hasil penjualan produk dan jasa yang telah dipasarkan ke masyarakat akan dapat menambah pendapatan sekolah, sehingga dari hasil penjualan dapat digunakan untuk meningkatkan mutu dan kesejahteraan sekolah. Badan layanan umum daerah berbasis teaching factory dengan produk yang dihasilkan oleh siswa dapat membuat kemandirian finansial sekolah, tanpa harus selalu mengharapkan bantuan dari pemerintah.Kata Kunci: Badan Layanan Umum Daerah, Teaching Factory, Kemandirian Finansial Sekolah
Phytochemicals Analysis and Cytotoxicity Activity of Ethanol Extract of Litseacubeba Lour.Heartwood
Authors: M Fujiko , A Dalimunthe , M Masfria
Published: April 2020

Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the chemical compounds whichcontained in the ethanol extract and cytotoxic activity ethanol extract of Litseacubeba heartwood induced in T47D cells.

Methods: The ethanol extract was extracted by maceration using ethanol 96% solvent. Cytotoxic activity was determined with MTT method and the IC50analyzed using SPSS 23.

Results: Phytochemicals screening were showed that the ethanol extract of Litseacubeba heartwood contained steroids/triterpenoids, glycosides, alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins and tannins. The IC50of ethanol extract of Litseacubeba heartwood were 349,57 ±0,35μg/ml in T47D cells.

Conclusions: Ethanol extract of Litseacubeba heartwood has activity as an anticancer to T47D cells breast cancer agents.
Comparison of In-Vitro Dissolution of Griseofulvin Tablet made from Nano Particles and Solid Dispersion
Authors: Karima Nurul , Sumaiyah Sumaiyah , Nasution Azizah
Published: April 2020

Objectives: To find out the comparison of dissolution results of griseofulvin tablets made from nanoparticles, solid dispersions, and conventional materials.

Interventions: Different types of active ingredients in the form of nanoparticles and solid dispersions can affect the dissolution results of tablets.

Main outcomes measure: The results obtained in this study are the cumulative dissolution percentage and the order kinetics of the release of active ingredients.

Conclusion: There was no significant cumulative percent drug release difference (p> 0.05) between nano particles, solid dispersions, and conventional materials. Tablets containing active nanoparticles, solid dispersions, and conventional materials show a linear relationship with a correlation coefficient (R2) close to 1, shown in zero-order kinetics models.
Evaluation of Drug Management Achievement in Pharmacy Installation of Langsa General Hospital
Authors: M Mauliana , W Wiryanto , Harahap Urip
Published: April 2020

Objective: to evaluate the achievements of drug management in Pharmacy Installation of Langsa General Hospital

Design: The study used descriptive designs for 2018 data which were retrospective and prospective. Data was collected in the form of quantitative and qualitative data from document observations and interviews with relevant Pharmacy Installation officers.

Interventions: the intervened  variable were drug selection, planning and procurement, and distribution.

Main outcome measures: the main measurement in this study were suitability of drug items available with the National Formulary, frequency of procurement of each drug item per year,  accuracy of  data on the number of drugs on the stock card, percentage and value of expired and / or damaged drugs, percentage of dead stock and level of drug availability.

Results:  drug management system that conformed  to the following standards were the suitability of the available drug items with the National Formulary (88.37%); the accuracy of data on the number of drugs on the stock card (100%) and  drug availability (13 months 14 days).  Drug mangement which were not accordance with standard: the frequency of procurement of each drug item per year; percentage of expired and / damaged drug values (2.64%) and percentage of dead stock (3.24%).

Conclusion: it could  be concluded that the management of drugs in Langsa General Hospital Pharmacy Installation had not been fully effective and efficient in accordance with established standards.
Health-related quality of life and health utility among patients with diabetes: in Zabol, Southeast Iran
Authors: Hedayati Seyed Pouria , Haghparast-Bidgoli Hassan , A. Kiadaliri Aliasghar , Mohabati Fatemeh
Published: April 2020

Objective: The current study aimed to assess the factors associated with HRQoL and HU among Patients with diabetes in Zabol, Southeast Iran. 

Methods: Among patients referred to Zabol city diabetes clinic, a total of 213 consecutive patients 18 years and older consent to participate in the study in 2015. The Persian version of EuroQol-5D-3L (EQ-5D-3L) using the UK preference weights was applied to derive HU. Logistic regression and ordinary least squares were used for data analysis. The STATA version 13 (StataCorp LP, College Station, TX, USA) was used for statistical analysis.

Results: The highest and lowest proportions of "some or extreme problems" were seen in pain/discomfort (86.6%) and self-care (27.8%) dimensions of the EQ-5D-3L, respectively. About 33% of women and 14% of men rated their health worse than death (p=0.002). The mean EQ-5D-3L index score and visual analogue scale were 0.37 (95% CI: 0.31-0.42) and 51.6 (95% CI: 48.7-54.5), respectively. Older age at diagnosis, longer duration of diabetes, lower education, and history of macrovascular complications were associated with lower HRQoL and HU.

Conclusion: This study highlights the importance of education and diabetes-related complications in HRQoL/HU of diabetes people. The findings suggest that urgent interventions are required to improve HRQoL/HU of diabetes patients in Zabol. Moreover, our results provide inputs for future economic evaluation studies among diabetes patients with similar socioeconomic status in Iran.
Tumor of Misinformation Consumption and Sharing among People in Coronavirus (Covid-19) Crisis; a Commentary
Authors: Ashrafi-rizi Hasan , Kazempour Zahra
Published: April 2020

This is a commentary article, so it does not abstract.
Rural Livelihood Vulnerability and Resilience: a Typology Drawn from Case Studies of Small-Scale Farmers and Fishermen in Indonesia
Authors: Dharmawan Arya Hadi , Nissa Zulfa Nur Auliatun
Published: April 2020

Various studies on rural household livelihood systems have been carried out in Indonesia to explain the level of household livelihood vulnerability in both farming and fishing communities. The livelihood of small-scale farmers and fishermen is usually vulnerable due to climate and non-climate pressure. This desk study compares the results of studies on livelihood vulnerability from various theses, dissertations and scientific journal articles with a similar topic of study. A case study analysis is used to figure out a comparative picture of small-scale farmers and fishermen households in responding to the pressure as well as making adaptive actions to survive. The weakness of this study is that the conclusion cannot provide evidences as a basis for deriving generalization. Rather it only provides an initial description of the socioeconomic responses as shown by small-scale farmers and fishermen in reacting to ecological pressures. This study comes up with a typology of pressure faced by small-scale farmers and fishermen households. There are four types of stressor that are identified, i.e., climate variability, capital farm expansion, rural-infrastructure development, and economic actorcompetitions. In responding to livelihood vulnerability, most of small-scale farmers and fishermen build their resiliency by using resources under the controlled household system while others use external sources.
Two centuries of Malthus
Authors: Djurdjev Branislav
Published: April 2020

The article is an endeavour to comparatively review classic and modern
theories and/or theoretical concepts regarding relationship between
population development and the overall sustainable development. On the
second centennial anniversary of the first essay that initiated numerous
discussions regarding this relationship, it cannot be said that the
scientific elite is any nearer the consensus. Not only that the hypothesis
of Malthus, Neo-Malthusians and Marxist thinkers are being built upon, but
completely new ideas regarding this relationship are springing up.
Disregarding the ideological differences but placing emphasis on the
technological discrepancies prevailing to this day, the article also
indicates that these apparently irreconcilable theories can permeate and
complement each other. The Malthusian theory could be valid in a peasant
society, but the socialists pointed to its flows in the industrial society.
The Neo-Malthusians modernized the teachings of Malthus and in the "Limits
to Growth" we find a more exact support to the fears of Neo-Malthusians. The
theo1y of E. Boserup provides not only a consistent explanation of the
relationship between population growth so far and sustainable development
but also points to the essence of theoretical differences. On the short run,
at a certain technological level (that is, manner of production) everybody
is in the right: constant growth in population ultimately results in
declining yields (excess population). On the long run, critical mass of
population creates a new technological level which, in the beginning,
requires higher population density (new "laws" of the population).
Houses (families) in the 1455 census for Brankovica region
Authors: Bobic Mirjana
Published: April 2020

The article presents the second part of a broader research of historic family
in Serbia based on the 1455 fiscal census of the population in Brankovica
region (the territory of today's Kosovo). Processing of the empirical data
following theoretical and historical analysis of agricultural family in the
Middle Ages as a typical form of domestic life in the past, has brought
totally unexpected results. Contrary to the usual scientific understanding
of old Serb family as a large patriarchal, numerous community of a father
and his descendants and relatives (both along horizontal and vertical
lines), classification and numerical analysis derived from the empirical
findings of this specific census have pointed that small or independent
groups prevailed. When, however, the analysis is made on the aggregate
level, the results are quite the opposite. Namely, though small individual
groups were more numerous, a greater portion of taxpayers (adult,
economically active, primarily male, population) registered in the villages
in the document were gathered in more complex family communities
(brotherhoods and paternity). By type, that is, internal composition of
members, complex domestic unions were most often the alliances between two
brothers. This conclusion corresponds to the findings of international
anthropological and historical demographic studies.