bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Misja samorządu radców prawnych i jego członków
Authors: Stankiewicz Rafał
Published: December 2022

Niniejszy artykuł przedstawia problematykę misji samorządu zawodowego radców prawnych oraz misji radców prawnych zrzeszonych w samorządzie. Elementy definiujące w istocie rzeczy misję samorządu zawodowego, a także misję radców prawnych są wyznaczane przez cele postawione przed zawodem radcy prawnego, jakimi są udział w systemie wymiaru sprawiedliwości i wspieranie demokratycznego państwa prawnego. Artykuł 17 ust. 1 Konstytucji RP zawiera unormowanie wyrażające się w nałożeniu na samorządy zawodów zaufania publicznego obowiązku harmonijnego łączenia wielu funkcji. Co istotne, samorząd zawodowy ma nie tylko kształtować środowiskowe interesy osób wykonujących zawody zaufania publicznego, lecz także zmierzać do ich uzgodnienia z interesem publicznym. Samorządy zawodowe stoją w pierwszej kolejności na gruncie priorytetu realizacji interesu publicznego.

The mission of the self-government of attorneys-at-law and its members

This article presents the issues of the mission of the professional self-government of legal advisers as well as the mission of legal advisers associated with the self-government. The elements defining, in fact, the mission of professional self-government, together with the mission of legal advisers, are determined by the goals set for the profession of legal adviser, being participation in the justice system and supporting a democratic state ruled by law. Art. 17 sec. 1 of the Constitution contains a regulation expressed in the obligation to harmoniously combine the many functions of the self-governments of professions of public trust. Importantly, the function of professional self-government is not only to shape the environmental interests of people performing public trust professions but also to seek to agree them with the public interest. Professional self-governments are primarily committed to the priority of implementing the public interest.
Tajemnica zawodowa radców prawnych oraz ich niezależność
Authors: Niedziński Tomasz
Published: December 2022

Celem niniejszego artykułu jest analiza i ocena zjawiska tajemnicy zawodowej radców prawnych oraz ich niezależności. Artykuł ten wynika ze szczególnego zainteresowania autora zagadnieniami dotyczącymi niezależności radców prawnych oraz jej granic. Istotą tej publikacji jest zobrazowanie złożoności tego zjawiska.

Autor starał się zwrócić szczególną uwagę na sytuacje, w których obowiązek zachowania tajemnicy zawodowej ulega ograniczeniom wynikającym ze specyfiki konkretnego rodzaju postępowania – przede wszystkim postępowania karnego, ale także postępowania z zakresu ochrony konkurencji. Autor wskazuje również konsekwencje, które grożą radcy prawnemu za naruszenie tajemnicy zawodowej.

Professional secrecy of attorneys-at-law and their independence

The goal of this article is to analyze and evaluate the phenomenon of professional secrecy of attorneys-at-law and their independence. This article is a result of the author’s particular interest in the issues concerning the independence of attorneys-at-law and its limits. The essence of this publication is to illustrate the complexity of this phenomenon.

The author tried to pay special attention to situations in which the obligation to maintain professional secrecy is subject to restrictions resulting from the specific nature of particular types of proceedings – primarily criminal proceedings, but also proceedings in the field of competition protection. The author also points out the consequences that an attorney-at-law faces for violating the obligation to maintain professional secrecy.
Status samorządu radców prawnych w świetle Kodeksu postępowania administracyjnego – z perspektywy rozpatrywania skarg, wniosków i petycji
Authors: Jakubowski Aleksander
Published: December 2022

Przedmiotem artykułu jest status samorządu radców prawnych, analizowany w świetle Kodeksu postępowania administracyjnego z perspektywy rozpatrywania skarg, wniosków i petycji. Analiza prowadzi do wniosku, że na gruncie Kodeksu postępowania administracyjnego samorząd radców prawnych jest organizacją społeczną. Tym samym jego organy są organami organizacji społecznej, chyba że załatwiają sprawy administracyjne. W opracowaniu wyróżniono 4 kategorie sytuacji związanych ze stosowaniem przepisów o skargach i wnioskach w ramach działalności samorządu radców prawnych.

The status of the self-government of attorneys-at-law in light of the Code of Administrative Procedure – from the perspective of considering complaints, requests and petitions

The subject of this article is the status of the self-government of attorneys-at-law analysed in the light of the Code of Administrative Procedure from the perspective of addressing complaints, requests, and petitions. The analysis leads to the conclusion that based on the Code of Administrative Procedure, the self-government of attorneys-at-law is a social organization. Thus, its bodies are the bodies of a social organization, unless they handle administrative cases. The paper distinguishes four categories of situations connected with the application of the provisions on complaints and petitions as part of the activities of the self-government of attorneys-at-law.
Uczestnictwo w spółkach kapitałowych jako forma wykonywania zawodu radcy prawnego
Authors: Sołtys Bogusław
Published: December 2022

Artykuł przeprowadza kwalifikację prawną czynności zawodowych radcy prawnego dokonywanych na rzecz spółek kapitałowych prowadzących działalność prawniczą i ich klientów. Rozważa też argumenty za i przeciw wprowadzeniu możliwości legalnego wykonywania zawodu radcy prawnego w formie uczestnictwa w spółkach kapitałowych uprawnionych do świadczenia pomocy prawnej. W konkluzji autor wyraźnie opowiada się za zmianą obecnie obowiązujących zakazów reglamentacyjnych wykonywania zawodu radcy prawnego.

Membership in capital companies as a form of exercising the profession of attorney-at-law

The article conducts a legal qualification of attorney’s-at-law professional activities performed for the benefit of capital companies conducting legal activities and their clients. It also considers the arguments for and against introducing the possibility of attorney’s-at-law legal practice in the form of participation in capital companies authorized to provide legal assistance. In conclusion, the author clearly advocates for the change of the currently binding prohibitions on attorney’s-at-law profession.
Reprezentacja strony przez profesjonalnego pełnomocnika w postępowaniu sądowoadministracyjnym
Authors: Piątek Wojciech
Published: December 2022

Przedmiotem niniejszego opracowania jest identyfikacja wyzwań, jakie stoją przed udziałem radcy prawnego w postępowaniu sądowoadministracyjnym. Zaliczono do nich zakres przedmiotowy przymusu adwokacko-radcowskiego, określenie konsekwencji uchybień popełnionych przez fachowego pełnomocnika dla sfery praw i obowiązków podmiotu reprezentowanego, a nadto zagadnienia dotyczące elektronizacji postępowania, udziału radcy prawnego w rozprawie i kosztów zastępstwa procesowego. W konkluzji wskazano na potrzebę podjęcia dialogu środowiska sędziowskiego z radcowskim oraz adwokackim w celu wypracowania bardziej efektywnego, argumentacyjnego sposobu przebiegu rozprawy oraz poddania analizie aktualnych kwestii, które mogłyby usprawnić przebieg postępowania sądowoadministracyjnego. Zwrócono nadto uwagę na potrzebę podjęcia nowych form doskonalenia warsztatu zawodowego radców prawnych oraz korzystania ze zdobyczy nowych technologii.

Representation of a party by a professional counsel in administrative court proceedings

The purpose of this article is to identify challenges that attorneys-at-law face in administrative court proceedings. These include the subjective scope of the obligatory representation provided by advocates or attorneys-at-law and the consequences of the professional counsel’s shortcomings for the rights and obligations of the represented party as well as issues relating to the electronization of proceedings, participation of an attorney-at-law in a hearing, and the costs of legal representation. In conclusion, it has been pointed out that there is a need for a dialogue between judges and attorneys-at-law and advocates, in order to develop a more effective and argumentative way of conducting the trial and to discuss current issues that could improve the course of administrative court proceedings. Attention was also drawn to the need to introduce new forms of professional development for attorneys-at-law and the use of new technologies.
Insomnia Severity and Its Influencing Factors of Nurses Caring the COVID-19 Patients
Authors: Yang Yun-Yi
Published: December 2022

The sleep disturbance of nurses participating in patient care is under threat amid the Coronaviurs Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. This study aimed to identify the insomnia severity and its influencing factors on 154 nurses who participated in patient care at a dedicated hospital for COVID-19 in June 2020 in South Korea. In our participants, insomnia severity score was 12.05 point, and 63.0% (n = 97) reported having insomnia (insomnia severity score ≥ 10). The most common insomnia symptom in the insomnia group (n = 97) was sleep fragmentation (54.6%). In this study, anxiety influence nurse’s insomnia severity. Therefore, a management program should be designed to improve the sleep disturbance of nurses during the current pandemic. In particular, a solution to reduce anxiety is requires special attention.
Bebeği Yenidoğan Yoğun Bakım Ünitesinde Yatan Ebeveynlerin Siberkondri Düzeylerinin ve İlişkili Faktörlerin Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: SABANDÜZEN Hande , KAVAKLI Öznur
Published: December 2022

Amaç: Bu araştırma yenidoğan yoğun bakım ünitesinde bebeği yatan ebeveynlerin siberkondriya düzeylerini belirlemek ve bunun başta stres olmak üzere bir takım bağımsız değişkenlerle olan ilişkisini incelemek amacıyla yapılmıştır.

Gereç ve yöntem: Araştırmanın örneklemini, bir üniversite hastanesinin yenidoğan yoğun bakım ünitesinde bebeği yatan 71 ebeveyn oluşturmaktadır. Araştırma verileri, katılımcılarla yüz yüze görüşme yöntemi kullanılarak toplanmıştır. Verilerin elde edilmesinde, Ebeveyn Bilgi Formu ve Siberkondriya Ciddiyet Ölçeği kullanılmıştır.

Bulgular: Araştırmaya katılanların yaş ortalaması 33.0 ± 5.7 olup %50.7’si baba, %43.9’ü annedir. Ebeveynlerin stres puanları ile Siberkondriya Ciddiyet Ölçeği puanları arasında anlamlı bir ilişki bulunmamıştır (p>0.05). Yenidoğanın solunum yardımı alması ve sadece mama ile beslenmesi ile Siberkondriya Ciddiyet Ölçeği puanları arasında anlamlı ilişki bulunmuştur (p
LEUKOCYTES AND THROMBOCYTES OF PERIPHERAL BLOOD OF THE BLACK SEA-CASPIAN TYULKA (CLUPEONELLA CULTRIVENTRIS, NORDMANN 1840) OF THE IVANKOVO AND UGLICH RESERVOIRS
Authors: Trofimov D. , Tselmovich O. , Zabotkina E.
Published: December 2022

For the first time, the hematological parameters of tyulka (Clupeonella cultriventris, Nordmann, 1840) in the reservoirs of the Upper Volga were studied. The composition of leukocytes and thrombocytes, morphometric characteristics of cells were studied by routine methods of light microscopy. It was shown that blood of tyulka has a lymphocytic character, but an increase in the number of granulocytes and their size was found against the background of a decrease in the number of lymphocytes in tyulka a in the lower section of the Ivankovo ‒ the upper section of the Uglich reservoirs, which may indicate the presence of anthropogenic pressure. The proportion of thrombocytes was approximately three times higher than the proportion of leukocytes, which indicates a high blood clotting of the tyulka. Correlations between the characteristics of leukocytes and platelets and the content of basic cations and anions in water were studied.
The Concept of Sirah Education Curriculum in Junior High School according to Abu Al-Hasan Ali Al-Nadwi
Authors: Kusumah Mada Wijaya , Hidayat Tatang , Tamam Abas Mansur , Irwansyah Ferli Septi
Published: December 2022

This article analyses the educational thought of Abu Al-Hasan Ali Al-Nadwi (d. 1999 A.D.). The study aimed to determine the concept of the Sirah education curriculum at the junior high school level, according to Abu Al-Hasan Ali Al-Nadwi. This type of research is categorized as library research, with data obtained from Al-Nadwi's books relating to Sirah and education in particular such as Al-Tarîq ilâ al-Madînah; Sîrah Khâtim al-Nabiyîn li al-Atfâl; Al-Sîrah Al-Nabawiyyah; Muslims in the West, Message, and Mission. The methods used in this study are descriptive research, qualitative research, and basic research. Based on the study results, two main thoughts about Sirah's education were found. First, the continuity of Sirah Education is essential, which means that Sirah education is taught for all generations. Furthermore, Sirah education means integrating Sirah education in subjects, especially religious aspects. The author's findings on the concept of the Sirah education curriculum at the junior high school level, according to Abu Al-Hasan Ali Al-Nadwi, are a set of objectives, programs, processes, and evaluations of Sirah education up to the junior high school level that can be given from class VII to grade IX junior high school. With the existence of Sirah Education, which aims to make the Prophet Muhammad Sallallahu 'Alaihi Wa Sallam an example for junior high school students, it is hoped that it can shape the Islamic personality of students at the junior high school level and give birth to Akhlaq al Karimah based on Tawhid.
Sustainable and Clean Energy: The Case of Tesla Company
Authors:   University of Rijeka, Faculty of Economics and Business, Ivana Filipovića 4, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia,, Maradin Dario , Malnar Ana ,   University of Rijeka, Faculty of Economics and Business, Ivana Filipovića 4, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia,, Kaštelan Ana ,   University of Rijeka, Faculty of Economics and Business, Ivana Filipovića 4, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia,
Published: December 2022

Tesla is considered the leading electric vehicle manufacturing company in the market. It was the first company to recognize the need for a more sustainable vehicle than traditional gasoline-powered vehicles and offer its solution to the market. The company has combined the generation of electrical energy through solar cells and other SolarCity products with its vehicles, giving it a competitive advantage that none of its competitors have. Tesla's cars are the result of continued investment in research and development and a forward-thinking approach. The company has made such an impact with its innovations that it has also changed the paths of its competitors and the industry as a whole. Within the green economy movement, Tesla has definitely been one of the pioneers influencing companies in other industries and inspiring them to take a greener and more sustainable approach.
Total colonic aganglionosis in a case of anorectal malformation: A case report
Authors: Garnaik Deepak Kumar , Piplani Rajat , Tomar Shreya , Kothari Prashant
Published: December 2022

Background: Hirschsprung’s disease (HD) rarely co-occurs with anorectal malformation (ARM). If it occurs, the classical variety of HD is mostly associated. Total Colonic Aganglionosis (TCA) in a case with ARM is exceedingly rare.
Case Presentation: A 3-day-old female neonate presented with neonatal intestinal obstruction. of such a rare association. Examination revealed a perineal fistula. A colostomy was formed for persistent abdominal distension, but it did not work properly. Re-exploration revealed TCA with a transition zone at the level of the terminal ileum.
Conclusion: Though ARM is associated with several anomalies of various body systems, its association with TCA is exceedingly rare.
Nuevos registros de Vampyrodes major (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae) para Tabasco, México
Authors: García Morales Rodrigo , Jacome-Flores Miguel E. , Hernández-Rodríguez Sergio , Pérez-Netzahual Pérez-Netzahual
Published: December 2022

Reportamos el redescubriento del murciélago cara rayada mayor (Vampyrodes major) en el estado de Tabasco, México, después de 60 años. Los registros se basan en dos individuos capturados con redes de niebla dentro del área natural protegida Cañón del Usumacinta, municipio de Tenosique. Éstos registros confirman su procedencia en el estado y representan los registros más recientes en la región sureste de México.
Effect of zinc-rice grit flour on the physicochemical, nutritional, and sensory properties of gluten-free biscuits
Authors: Darniadi Sandi , Luna Prima , Juniawati  , Sunarmani  , Widowati Sri
Published: December 2022

The utilisation of rice flour to produce gluten-free food applications is highly popular as consumers become more aware of celiac disease and safety for baby-led weaning products. The present work investigated the development of gluten-free biscuits made from rice grits flour (RGF).The physicochemical, nutritional, and sensory properties of the products were also evaluated. Rice grits used were from the Inpari 32 and Inpari IR Nutri Zinc types. Results showed that incorporating RGF into biscuit ingredients showed a lot of potential since RGF retained its nutritional value, especially vitamin A and microminerals such as zinc and iron, as well as protein (8.4 - 9.6%), which are all needed to prevent stunting. The Inpari IR Nutri Zinc flour had less amylose (21.12%) and smaller particles than the Inpari 32 flour (amylose: 23.42%) and commercial flour, which resulted in lower hardness level and lower final viscosity. Vitamin A content of biscuits produced from the Inpari IR Nutri Zinc was lower (367 IU/100 g) as compared to the Inpari 32 (412 IU/100 g). The amounts of zinc in the final product were 15 and 12 ppm for the Inpari IR Nutri Zinc and Inpari 32, respectively. Both the Inpari IR Nutri Zinc (19 ppm) and Inpari 32 (73 ppm), which were RGF biscuits, had less iron than commercial biscuit (119 ppm). There were no significant differences among biscuit products in terms of sensory analysis.
New Possibility Soft Sets with Quality Assurance Application in Distance Education
Authors: Kirişci Murat
Published: December 2022

The probability fuzzy soft set is an approach that is obtained by adding a probability degree to each approximate element of the fuzzy soft set and is formed by combining Fuzzy Set Theory and Soft Set Theory. This idea was later studied in different sets, such as intuitionistic fuzzy sets, neutrosophic fuzzy sets, Pythagorean fuzzy sets, etc. In this paper, a new Possibility Set is defined in the Fermatean Fuzzy environment and the essential features of new sets have been examined. The set-theoretic operations of new possibility sets, such as subset, soft equal, complement, union, intersection, AND, and OR, have been characterized with the help of elaborated examples. Their fundamental laws and properties are also discussed. A practical example concerning quality assurance in distance education is studied to demonstrate the applicability of new similarity measures in decision-making situations. Thus, it has been shown that the newly given similarity measure can be successfully applied to real-world decision problems. Finally, a comparison of the similarity of the proposed model is made with some existing models.
 
Received: 13 October 2022 | Revised: 1 November 2022 | Accepted: 17 November 2022
 
Conflicts of Interest
The author declares that he has no conflicts of interest to this work.
Translation and dealing with “the other” in scholarly research and publishing:
Authors: Károly Adrienn
Published: December 2022

Although languages other than English, along with various forms of translation, are intrinsic to multilingual researchers’ scholarly activities, they generally remain less visible in English-medium publications. In this discussion paper, I explore this topic from a broader sociopolitical perspective by looking at the use and function of translation in various stages of research and writing for publication. Drawing on recent studies on multilingualism in academia and my own experience as a teacher of research communication, I argue that in the academic context, translation cannot be seen as a mere linguistic act or a communication tool as it is inextricably tied to complex and multilayered contexts, identities, and ideologies. Thus, translation decisions should not be based solely on practical considerations but also on a critical evaluation of the intricate social, cultural, ethical, and ideological dimensions of scholarly communication and interaction. Developing a greater awareness of the multiple functions and far-reaching effects of translation is beneficial for all actors directly or indirectly involved in scholarly research and publishing. I believe that a deeper reflection on these issues not only contributes to more diversity and equity in academia but enables novice multilingual writers to embrace their agency and make decisions that are better aligned with their personal values, interests, and goals.
Handan ve Uyanış Romanlarında İdealize Edilen Kadin Kimliklerinin Ortak Semboller Üzerinden Karşılaştırılması
Authors: TAŞ Mehmet Recep
Published: December 2022

Amerikan ve Türk edebiyatının önde gelen yazarlarından Kate Chopin ve Halide Edip Adıvar, Uyanış (1899) ve Handan (1912) adlı yapıtlarını modernizmin yeni yeni ortaya çıkmaya başladığı bir dönemde, fakat farklı coğrafya ve kültürlerde kaleme almışlardır. Genel olarak her iki yazar da kadın haklarını savunan, kadınların erkek egemen toplumlarda baskı altında bir yaşama mahkum olduklarını dile getiren yazarlar olarak tanınmaktadırlar. Romanların yazıldığı dönem aynı zamanda birinci dalga feminist söylemlerin revaçta olduğu bir döneme denk gelmektedir. Dönemin sosyal ve kültürel kodlarını ve toplum yapısının kadına bakış açısının nasıl olduğunu yansıtan romanlar, genellikle kadın haklarını vurgulayan ve savunan romanlar olarak değerlendirilmektedirler. Her iki romanın da ana karakterleri, o dönemde yerleşik ataerkil erkek egemen yapı ile mücadele etmekte, bu nedenle ruhsal olarak yıpranmakta ve bu baskılardan kurtulmak için ‘deniz’e sığınmaktadırlar. Bu bağlamda, hem yazarların hayat tecrübeleri, hem de kahramanların erkek egemen topluma karşı gösterdikleri davranış ve tepkilerden yola çıkan bu makale, farklı coğrafyalara ve kültürlere mensup iki kadın kahramanı ‘Deniz’ imgesi üzerinden karşılaştırıp aralarındaki benzerlik ve farklılıkları ortaya koymayı amaçlamaktadır.
Additively Manufactured Urban Multispecies Façades for Building Renovation
Authors: Larikova Iuliia , Fleckenstein Julia , Chokhachian Ata , Auer Thomas , Weisser Wolfgang , Dörfler Kathrin
Published: December 2022

This research investigates the potential of additive manufacturing and digital planning tools for the creation of location-specific façade redesigns that can host cavity-dependent animal species and develops methods for their realization. The proposed approach is explored based on a case study of a student dormitory in need of renovation in the urban area of Munich. Based on theoretical knowledge and design experimentations that link the fields of architecture, climate-responsive design, terrestrial ecology, and digital fabrication, a set of design principles for the additive manufacturing of inhabitable ceramic tiles is conceived and transferred into a computational design tool. The conception of single tiles and the overall façade design are developed in terms of their positive climatic impact on both the animal species and humans, their nesting opportunities, their structural feasibility, and their integrability with standard ceramic façade systems. To verify the fabricability of the proposed design, a façade fragment was additively manufactured as a prototype in 1:1 scale. The initial findings presented in this paper provide a glimpse of how emerging digital technologies could provide new ways to expand current habitual architectural planning and fabrication tools, to enable the creation of site-specific solutions, and to bring together human and animal needs.
A Study on Marketing Strategies and SWOC Analysis of Himalaya Wellness Private Ltd
Authors: Bharathi  , Mayya Sureshramana
Published: December 2022

Purpose: Ayurveda is a traditional natural and holistic medical system that was transmitted orally through a lineage of sages. It is thought of as the study of life. It offers information on eradicating the paths that lead to the spread of diseases as well as how to prevent infections altogether. The Charaka Samhita, Sushruta Samhita, and Ashtanga Hrudaya are the three oldest texts on Ayurveda. They describe the effects of five elements—earth, water, air, fire, and space—on a person's system and emphasise the significance of maintaining these elements' balance so that people can live healthy and happy life. Numerous businesses produce ayurvedic goods. One of the ayurvedic businesses, The Himalaya Company, was established in 1930 by Mr. M. Mrunal to modernise the ancient Indian science of Ayurveda and introduce it to the public. The researcher concentrated on presenting the Himalaya Company's advantages, disadvantages, opportunities, and challenges, the various wellness products the company produces, the marketing tactics employed, and the company's marketing mix. Methodology: This qualitative research paper is based on secondary data which is obtained from the research papers published in various journals, books, newspapers, articles, annual reports of the company, and articles related to this study. Findings: One of the company's key strengths is the name Himalaya. One of the top 10 ayurvedic businesses in India is Himalaya. A Good Manufacturing Certificate was received (GMP). When making the items, the company uses the Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry method. In order to address the growing demand for ayurvedic items, the company teamed up with Snapdeal. Additionally, they started the My Lakshya campaign, the main objective of which is to bridge the gap between their current and ideal careers. Originality: This article discusses the numerous wellness products made by Himalaya Company, the SWOC study of the company, its marketing techniques, and its overall marketing mix. Value: The study investigated if the company is strong enough in terms of quality by analysing the strengths, flaws, opportunities, and challenges. Paper Type: Case Study of the Company.
Use of Social Networking Sites among Undergrade-level Women and its Effect on their Plans to Start a Business
Authors: Hossain Tanjela , Iqbal Md Mahbub , Shirazi Hasan , Noor Md. Asad
Published: December 2022

This study looks at how Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram have impacted the business interests  of Bangladeshi college-aged women. The research methodology incorporates the technology  acceptance paradigm and a model of technology adoption and usage. The survey was developed,  checked for accuracy, and released to the public. According to the results, students' usage of  social networking sites affects their confidence in their capacity to succeed and their desire to do  so. These results have real-world and theoretical ramifications for policymakers and  entrepreneurial education, such as using widely used yet cutting-edge communication and  Internet tools to inspire young people to start their own businesses. In this analysis, we test the  hypothesis that there is a connection between the time spent on social networking sites (SNS)  and measures of confidence in, and desire for, starting one's own business. Over two hundred  and fifty female students from Private Universities in Bangladesh participated in online  questionnaires and correlation tests. More time spent on social networking sites is correlated with  more serious business thinking and behavior. Students of all sexes and all ages use Facebook, but  younger students and women in particular associate the platform with entrepreneurial aspirations  and attitudes more strongly than their male counterparts. There is a greater understanding of the relationship between social media presence and entrepreneurship factors because to this research.  The researchers sorted the interviewees' responses into four groups based on their findings: how  often they used SNS, how much they felt supported by SNS, how secure they felt in their  entrepreneurial conduct, and how ambitious they wanted to be as business owners’ Important  motifs were also determined for each class. Institutions of higher learning may and should use  social media to promote and educate aspiring business owners.
Comprehensive Electrochemical Studies on Nanolayered Multilayered Ti/TiN and TiAl/TiAlN Coatings Deposited on Ti6Al4V Substrates
Authors: Chenan Arunchandran , Jyothymol J. , Abirami S. , Bonu Venkataramana , Barshilia Harish C.
Published: December 2022

Corrosion resistance properties of Ti/TiN and TiAl/TiAlN nanolayered multilayered coatings deposited on Ti6Al4V alloy substrates by unbalanced magnetron sputtering were investigated. The coatings contain a bi-layer thickness of Ti/TiN or TiAl/TiAlN ∼3.5 nm/4 nm and the total thickness of the coating is ∼9 µm. Corrosion properties of the coatings were investigated using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) for 30 d while immersed in 3.5 wt% NaCl solution. EIS investigation of the coatings showed that the corrosion occurred due to the penetration of electrolyte and oxygen through the micro/nanopores present in the coatings. It was found that the TiAl/TiAlN coating offered corrosion protection superior to that of the Ti/TiN coating during the immersion study. Potentiodynamic polarization studies revealed that both coatings showed passive behavior. Formation of a passive film on the coated surface during polarization enhanced the barrier properties of the coatings and provided anodic protection to the underlying alloy.
Using Skindex-29 Scale to Assess The Impact of Androgenetic/Patterned Hair Loss on Quality of Life of Patients in Pakistan
Authors: Sadiq Sakina , Naveed Tehseen , Naveed Safoora , Minhas Irfan Jamil , Khan Bushra Muzaffar , Sadiq Sunniya
Published: December 2022

Objective: to assess the impact of androgenetic alopecia (AGA)/female patterned hair loss (FPHL) on the quality of life of Pakistani patients using Skindex-29 scale.

Study Design: Cross-sectional study.

Place and Duration of Study: Outpatient Department of Dermatology, Combined Military Hospital, Lahore Pakistan, from Oct 2020 to Mar 2021.

Methodology: Three hundred patients (150 males and 150 females) having androgenetic alopecia (AGA)/female patterned hair loss (FPHL) were selected by consecutive sampling. Skindex-19 questionnaire was used to assess the impact of alopecia on their quality of life.

Results: Mean age of study participants was 41.6 ± 12.4 years (range: 18-72 years). Maximum patients (40.7%) had grade-1 severity of alopecia. Most of the patients (37.3%) had disease duration of 1-5 years. Mean global score, symptoms scale score, emotion scale score and function scale score were 31.3 ± 14.8, 22 ± 22.56, 41.67 ± 28.1 and 30 ± 26.5 respectively. Gender and disease duration were statistically significant (p=0.001 and p=0.013 respectively).

Conclusion: Skindex-29 can be successfully used in our setup for quality of life studies in AGA/FPHL patients. Females were more severely affected than males as per global scores on Skindex-29.
Surgical Correction of Ectropion: Comparison Between Full Thickness Skin Grafts and Local Flaps
Authors: Kiran Saba , Ali Khan Faisal Akhlaq , Ali Hyder , Kumar Suneel , Sami Waqas , Khursheed Roqayyah Munawwer
Published: December 2022

Objective: To compare the effectiveness of two reconstruction techniques, i.e., full-thickness skin graft and local flap, for patients undergoing reconstructive surgery for ectropion repair.

Study Design: Prospective comparative study.

Place and Duration of Study: Department of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Dr Ruth K.M. Pfau Civil Hospital Karachi, from Feb to Aug 2020.

Methodology: The study was conducted after acquiring approval from the Institutional Review Board of Dow University of Health Sciences. Patients advised repairing ectropion were admitted to the ward prior to a day or night of the procedure. The consultant surgeon decided on the operative management, either using a full-thickness skin graft or a local flap, depending on the type of ectropion.

Results: 60 patients were recruited for the study, with 30 patients in each group. At follow-up of two weeks, one month, and three months’ skin colour match and pliability were significantly better in patients who received local flap than those treated with a full-thickness skin graft. Out of 30, 2 (6.7%) patients developed ectropion recurrence when they received full-thickness skin graft coverage, whereas ectropion recurrence was not observed in patients managed with local flap.

Conclusion: Local flap appears to be more effective than full-thickness skin graft in achieving excellent aesthetic effects in patients who underwent correction of ectropion.
Wide Awake Local Anesthesia no Tourniquet (WALANT) Surgery for Tendon Repair in Hand Trauma
Authors: Kiran Saba , Ali Khan Faisal Akhlaq , Ali Hyder , Farhina Maha , Gulzar Sadaf , Rashid Sobia
Published: December 2022

Objective: To compare the functional outcomes in terms of active range of motion for tendon repair surgeries under wideawake local anaesthesia versus general anaesthesia.

Study design: Comparative prospective study.

Place and Duration of Study: Department of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Dr Ruth K.M. Pfau Civil Hospital Karachi Pakistan, from Jan to Sep 2020.

Methodology: Patients of either gender of age 15 years or above with hand injuries with tendon repair required, operated within the hospital premises were included in the study using the non-probability consecutive sampling technique. Individuals who were operated on under wide-awake local anaesthesia were taken as approach arms (n=65). While the patients undergoing tendon repair under general anaesthesia were considered as the study's control arm (n=65). The final functional outcomes were assessed in the sixth week of the surgery by calculating the total active range of motion.

Results: For the range of motion of the injured finger in the general anaesthesia group, 25 (38.5%) had excellent outcomes, 14 (21.5%) had a good outcome, and 8 (12.3%) had fair outcomes, while in the WALANT group, 30 (46.2%) had excellent outcome, 16 (24.6%) had a good outcome and 12 (18.5%) had a fair outcome. There was no relationship between the range of motion of the injured finger and the group (p=0.101).

Conclusion: The functional outcomes in active range of motion are better in the WALANT approach than in general anaesthesia.
Digital Smile Design: Case Series
Authors: Mir Hassam Anjum , Imran Muhammad , Asif Ali , Ahmed Akhla Nadeem , Ayub Muhammad Mansoor
Published: December 2022

Aesthetic treatment is done to improve one's appearance. Digital Smile Design, Computer-aided design and Computer-aided manufacturing (CADCAM) dentistry have revolutionized aesthetic dentistry. First, involving patients in treatment planning increases patient confidence and a happier outcome. Secondly, decreased appointments and decreased overall treatment time also facilitate patients in today's busy lifestyle. However, this treatment method is uncommon in Pakistan due to a lack of knowledge and expensive equipment. This article aims to create awareness among the dentists so newer advanced treatment modality is adopted in Pakistan, bringing us at par with other countries.
Immunohisto Chemical Expression of IDH1, ATRX and P53 in Low Grade Diffuse Gliomas at Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Rawalpindi
Authors: Arif Ayesha , Akhtar Farhan , Ahson Ahmed , Uddin Hafeez , Ahmed Rabia , Ahmed Aminah
Published: December 2022

Objective: To determine the immune histochemical expression of IDH1, ATRX and p53 in low-grade diffuse gliomas.

Study Design: Cross-sectional study.

Place and Duration of Study: Department of Histopathology, Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Rawalpindi Pakistan, from Jan to Jun 2020.

Methodology: Forty-two cases of low-grade diffuse glioma were included in the study. The cases were stratified into diffuse astrocytoma and oligodendroglioma based on results of immunohistochemistry expression for IDH1, ATRX and p53.

Results: The frontal lobe was the most commonly affected site 14 (33.3%). Based on the results of immunohistochemistry expression, 26 cases (61.9%) were diagnosed as an oligodendroglioma, while 16 cases (38.1%) were diagnosed as diffuse astrocytoma. All cases were assigned who grade II out of IV. In oligodendrogliomas, all cases (100%) were IDH1 mutants with the retained expression of ATRX and wild type expression of p53. Among the 16 cases of diffuse astrocytoma, IDH1 was mutant in 12 cases (75%), ATRX expression was lost in all cases, and p53 was mutant in 6 cases (37.5%).

Conclusion: The study showed that low-grade diffuse gliomas could be stratified and sub-classified in accordance with the World Health Organization (WHO) classification of CNS tumours (2016) successfully by application of immunohistochemistry for IDH1, ATRX and p53.
Effectiveness of Flipped Classroom and Team-Based Learning in Teaching Biochemistry to Medical Students
Authors: Zaman Atteaya , Yasmeen Raheela , Faysal Lubna Rani , Minhas Rafia , Taj Rizwan , Mumtaz Saima
Published: December 2022

Objective: To compare the effectiveness of Team-based learning and flipped classrooms in terms of test scores in undergraduate medical education.

Study Design: Quasi-experimental study.

Place and Duration of Study: Federal Medical College, Islamabad Pakistan, from Mar to Jun 2020.

Methodology: A total of 100 first-year MBBS students were randomly equally allocated to either team-based learning or flipped classroom for biochemistry class. In the former technique, students were assigned a topic from the textbook as prereading material. In contrast, in the latter technique, they were given an audio-based power-point lecture before class. Then, students were asked to review the material and prepare at least three questions to ask during class in the flipped classroom while they followed a modified team-based learning class. In the first session, there were (n=43) and (n=39) students in the Team-based Learning and Flipped Classroom group, whereas in the second session, 40 students each attended class. However, in the third and fourth sessions, attendance was 100.0%. Each session was given pre and post-test based on 20 Multiple Choice Questions.

Results: Females were in the majority (57%), and most students (72%) were 17 years of age. Team-based learning scored better than Flipped Classroom in each session. For example, in session 1, the mean scores were 67.0 ± 10.4 in Team-Based Learning and 48.3 ± 8.4 in Flipped Classroom group (p-value <0.001). The difference in marks obtained continued in sessions 2, 3 and 4.

Conclusion: Team-Based Learning is more effective than Flipped classrooms in teaching biochemistry to medical students.
Agile Management in Health Professions Education with Respect to Waterfall Life Cycle
Authors: Javed Rabbia , Fatima Fozia , Shabnam Nadia , Qamar Khadija , Fatima Sobia , Gul Ambreen
Published: December 2022

Objective: To determine the practice of waterfall life cycle functions in the health profession department of medical institutes by keeping in view the demographic factors of health professions managers.

Study Design: Cross-sectional survey.

Place and Duration of Study: Medical Institutes of Rawalpindi and Islamabad Pakistan, from Feb to Jul 2021.

Methodology: 46 managers were taken as a sample through a systematic random sampling technique. A self-developed questionnaire was used, and it contained 21 items. Mean and standard deviation were used to measure the practices of waterfall agile management, and t-test and ANOVA were used to test the effect of gender and experiences.

Results: Managers were not fully confident about the practices of water fall life cycle functions in their respective organization (Mean=3.08 ± 1.19). Gender has no significant effect on required analysis (p=0.861); design stage (p=0.625); test (p=0.222); deployment (p=0.718) and development (p=0.432) while monitoring and evaluation had significant effect (p=0.042). Similarly, managers’ experience has significant effect on required analysis (p=0.013); test (p=0.001); deployment (p≤0.001) and development (p=0.002) while it has no significant effect on design stage (p=0.062) and monitoring and evaluation (p=0.060) in medical institutes.

Conclusion: Health profession managers were neutral about the practices of the waterfall life cycle of agile management in their respective medical institutes.
An Insight into the Patterns and Influences Which Shape the Believes and Beliefs of the General Population
Authors: Shoaib Muhammad Shahbaz , Zubair Usama Bin , Breen Eugene G , Kazmi Azhar Ali , Khair Ibtihal
Published: December 2022

Beliefs play a significant role in defining personality and the sense of self. They dictate one’s behaviour and feelings towards others. They are our compass in life. Belief is acceptance of something as true without proof which Influences one’s values and morals, such as God is all-knowing and creator of heaven and earth. Beliefs about ourselves and others are at the heart of many economic and social decisions, with large consequences for welfare. This becomes more important at the time of pandemic when conspiracy theory has been widely accepted in our part of the world.
Outcome of Probing and Syringing in Congenital Nasolacrimal Duct Obstruction in Children Under Local Anesthesia
Authors: Sharif Nusrat , Munir Muhammad Sajid , Arshad Muhammad , Nazir Shahid , Sadiq Muhammad Usman , Rehman Rabya
Published: December 2022

Objectives: To evaluate the success rate of probing and syringing for congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction in children under local anaesthesia.

Study Design: Cross-sectional study.

Place and Duration of Study: Ophthalmology Department, Niazi Medical Dental College, Sargodha Pakistan, from Jul 2018 to Dec 2019

Methodology: Forty-five children were included in the study, of which five had bilateral epiphora. Children of 8-12 months of age were included in this study. Probing and syringing were done under topical local anaesthesia. In this study, special modified straight 25D lacrimal probe cannula was used. Post-operative steroids and antibiotics were given to all the children for two weeks.

Results: Forty Children (45 Eyes) of 8-12 months of age (less than one year) were included in this study. Single successful probing was achieved in 40 eyes (88.88%). Probing was repeated in five cases. Repeated successful probing was achieved in 3 eyes (60%) as the remaining two eyes (40%) where success was not achieved had a bone abnormality which needed an ENT examination and further intervention like Dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR) with close intubation.

Conclusion: Topical local anaesthesia is a good alternative to general anaesthesia as it is not available, particularly in remote areas of Pakistan. It saves the children from the hazards of general anaesthesia and is a good choice for children who are not fit for general anaesthesia.
Association of Malabsorption and Anaemia in Adults in Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Hussain Altaf , Hafeez Muhammad , Naveed Muhammad , Shah Syed Umer , Khan Muhammad Shahid , Cheema Ahmed Ammar
Published: December 2022

Objective: To determine the association of malabsorption in celiac disease with anaemia and other sociodemographic factors at a tertiary care hospital in Pakistan.

Study Design: Cross sectional study

Place and Duration of Study: Department of General Medicine Military Hospital Rawalpindi from Jul to Dec 2019.

Methodology: A total of 300 adults were included in the study, 150 cases were patients with the diagnosis of celiac disease, and the other 150 were controls without celiac disease. Celiac disease was diagnosed based on biopsy findings by a consultant gastroenterologist. Defined was defined based on haemoglobin levels. In addition, the relationship between age, gender, anaemia, and the presence of comorbidities was assessed with the presence of celiac disease among the adults included in the study.

Results: Out of 300 cases and controls, 116 (38.7%) patients were males, and 184 (61.3%) were females. One hundred and forty-eight (49.3%) did not show the presence of anaemia, while one hundred and fifty-two (50.7%) showed the presence of anaemia. we found a statistically significant difference in cases and controls regarding the presence of comorbidities and the presence of anaemia (p<0.05).

Conclusion: Patients with celiac disease showed a greater frequency of anaemia as compared to those who were not having celiac disease. Therefore, patients with celiac disease are at high risk for developing anaemia, or patients with anaemia should be screened for malabsorption problems. In addition, patients with celiac disease were also at high risk for acquiring other systemic disorders.
Survival Outcomes in the Patients of Ovarian Epithelial Carcinomas Treated with Fertility-Sparing Surgery: A Study from a Developing Country
Authors: Azhar Musa , Khan Shafquat Ali , Hamdani Syed Abdul Manan , Yasmeen Tahira , Yasmeen Samia , Awan Umme-e-Kalsoom , Syed Aamir Ali , Siddiqui Neelam
Published: December 2022

Objective: To assess the outcomes of fertility-sparing surgery in patients with ovarian epithelial carcinoma treated at our centre.

Study Design: Retrospective longitudinal study.

Place and Duration of Study: Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital & Research Center, Lahore Pakistan, from Jul 2001 to Aug 2015.

Methodology: We studied 31 patients with ovarian epithelial carcinoma who underwent fertility-sparing surgery at Shaukat Khanum Memorial Hospital. The detail regarding patients and tumour characteristics, along with outcomes of the intervention, was obtained from secondary data kept in the electronic hospital information system.

Results: A total of 132 patients with ovarian epithelial carcinoma were identified; 31 patients underwent fertility-sparing surgery (Stage-IA, n=19; Stage-IC, n=12). By histopathology, 14(45.0%) had mucinous cystadenocarcinoma, 7(22.6%) serous adenocarcinoma, 6(19.4%) endometroid, and 4(12.9%) with clear cell pathology. The mean duration of follow-up was 52.6±2.3 months (18-118 months) after fertility-sparing surgery. Five-year recurrence-free survival was 81.0%. (Three-year=89.0%), using the Kaplan-Meier graph. Three patients had successful pregnancies, with one having a twin pregnancy.

Conclusion: Fertility-sparing surgery should be considered for children of early-stage epithelial ovarian carcinoma patients as it preserves fertility and endocrine function while avoiding recurrence.
Chronic HCV Infection–Comparison of Awareness Regarding Mode of Transmission in Educated and Uneducated Patients Presenting in Gastroenterology/ Medical Clinics in Various Hospitals of Sindh Province
Authors: Khan Rao Zaid Ali , Khan Rao Saad Ali , Khan Uzair Ali , Alam Laima , Naqvi Syed Rehan Asghar , Naqvi Syed Zohair Asghar
Published: December 2022

Objective: To compare the awareness regarding the mode of transmission in educated and uneducated patients presenting to OPDs of five hospitals in Sindh province.

Study Design: Cross-sectional survey.

Place and Duration of Study: Five Combined Military Hospitals, of Sindh province; Badin, Chhor, Hyderabad, Malir and Pano Aqil, Pakistan, from April to July 2022.

Methodology: Patients presenting to the five Combined Military Hospitals were included through non probability consecutive sampling technique. The questionnaire was reviewed by two medical education experts for content validity and piloted among ten patients before being tested.

Results: A total of 121 participants were included in the study. Participants had better knowledge regarding sharing of shaving equipment (p=0.008), unsafe blood transfusions (p<0.001), using contaminated surgical instruments in surgeries (p<0.001) and dental extractions (p=0.005) and sharing of needles (p<0.001) as potential sources of HCV spread. The disparity was quite clear by comparing the ratio of correct responses given by educated participants with uneducated.

Conclusion: Our general public lacks basic information regarding modes of transmission of HCV, and the low level of education in the masses is one of the most important reasons.