bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Raj Guruju of Śrīkhaṇḍa Tarumūla Mahāvihāra: His Role in Buddhist Community of Kathmandu
Authors: Bajracharya Aakasha
Published: February 2025

Background: Sikhamu Baha, Śrīkhaṇḍa Tarumūla Mahāvihāra, is one of the prominent Buddhist monasteries of Kantipur with a history backed around 7th century CE. It is situated in a small, enclosed courtyard adjoining the Kumari Baha and just off of the Durbar Square. The importance of this baha is the fact that one of its members is the 'Raj Guru', or Raj Gubhaju. This post is hereditary and is always held by a Vajrācārya of one of the lineages of Sikhamu Baha.
Objective: The objective of this article are to understand the different activities performed by Rajguru in the past and present, to highlight the facts regarding Raj Guruju, its history as well as his role in the buddhist community of Kathmandu and to showcase the linkage between Kumari and Raj Guruju.
Methodology: The study follows descriptive research methodology and interviews are conducted to meet the research objective.
Result: The findings of this study is that the Raj Guruju has been playing an eminent role in creating a balance in Buddhist community, working for benefit of Vajrācārya s of Kathmandu, fulfilling his duty as royal priest and also addressing the contemporary issues arose along with time.
Conclusion: Raj Guruju is a hereditary post held by Vajrācārya of “Yuta kaval” of Śrīkhaṇḍa Tarumūla Mahāvihāra. Raj Guruju being still a prominent and influential post amongst the Bajracharya of Kathmandu. He is the guardian of Bajracharyas in Kathmandu. He plays an eminent role in creating a balance in Buddhist community, working for benefit of Bajracharyas of Kathmandu. Along with the role towards Bajracharya community as a whole, Raj Guruju has special linkage with Kumari and Kumari chhen and thus has to follow his duties and specific roles in Kumari Chhen as well.
Skill Challenges in ICT Use among Economics Teachers at Tribhuvan University
Authors: Joshi Bishnu Maya , Khatiwada Shambhu Prasad , Pokhrel Rajendra Kumar
Published: February 2025

This paper analyzes the challenges in ICT proficiency among the economics teachers at Tribhuvan University in Nepal. This study uses a descriptive survey design to collect data from 404 Economics teachers at Tribhuvan University using a structured questionnaire. The statistical analysis indicates that gender, computer usage history, and additional income do not significantly impact skill challenges.  It is found that skill-related barriers and proficiency issues hinder teachers' ability to effectively use ICT tools in the classroom, affecting instruction quality and confidence. Teachers faced challenges in effectively utilizing ICT, such as insufficient training, low confidence in ICT usage, and difficulties in integrating software into classroom activities. The job nature and home internet access significantly impact the challenges faced by permanent teachers and those without home internet access. The study emphasizes the need for professional development and internet access to enhance teachers' ICT skills, thereby improving education quality and fostering a more interactive learning environment.
From Traditional to Modern: Evolving Practices in Language Testing and Assessment
Authors: Pandey Gopal Prasad
Published: February 2025

This paper looks into the shifts from traditional to innovative and inclusive language testing methods, focusing on developments such as alternative assessment, AI integration, and computer-adaptive testing. This study employs a desk-based approach to the literature which synthesizes relevant theories in order to highlight the increased focus on fairness, inclusivity and authentic assessment. The key findings highlight that dynamic and performance-based assessments address the different learning needs of the learners; promote instrumentality towards language use and incorporate socio-political and ethical dimensions in test construction. The paper also underlines the transformative power of technology to improve access and efficiency considering the potential challenges and inequalities associated with its use. By integrating traditional and modern practices, this study contributes to both the theoretical discourse and practical advancements in language assessment that uphold equitable, ethical and effective testing methods consistent with twenty-first century educational standards and learner diversity.
A Critical Review of School-Based Nutrition Education Contents: Strengths, Gaps and Ways Forward
Authors: Upreti Yadu Ram , Devkota Bhimsen
Published: February 2025

Nutrition education (NE) plays a crucial role in shaping the health and well-being of schoolchildren. This paper critically examines NE contents in school education as outlined in the National Curriculum Framework (NCF)-2019, focusing on its strengths, gaps, and potential ways forward. The paper is developed reviewing literature, particularly government documents, published articles, and dissertations. The findings reveal that the NCF focuses on the basics of food and nutrition, healthy eating behaviors, locally available foods, balanced diet, essential nutrients, food adulteration, malnutrition, and the effects of junk food. Additionally, the curriculum addresses issues like food adulteration, food security, and consumer rights and partially aligns with the strategic objectives and programs of the Multi-Sector Nutrition Plan (MSNP). However, the integration of global perspectives like Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), climate change, and sustainable agriculture are limited to integrate into the curriculum. The study recommends addressing these gaps by incorporating global perspectives on topics such as climate change, sustainable agriculture, the SDGs, and the MSNP targets.
Gender Representation in Nepalese Secondary Level English Textbooks: A Multimodal Analysis
Authors: Sharma Hari Maya , Basnet Sabita
Published: February 2025

English has been playing a central role in Nepalese school education for centuries, serving both as a subject and a medium of instruction. As mandatory at-hand materials in teaching and learning processes, textbooks play a vital role in achieving curriculum objectives and influence students’ cognitive development and gender awareness. In Nepal, where gender stereotypical norms persist, it is crucial to maintain gender balance in educational materials for fostering equity.  Although equitable quality education for all is the agenda for sustainable development goals and feminist scholars' advocacy for gender-neutral language and imagery, the National Curriculum Framework (NCF) 2019 does not explicitly address gender balance in ELT curricula, policy implementation or in textbooks. This study analyzes gender biases and stereotypical representations in the Grade-10 compulsory English textbook used in Nepalese schools.

Using a multimodal technique, the study analyses authorships, layout, visual images, reading texts, and exercises to uncover gender representation. The findings disclose persistent underrepresentation and biased gender role representations of female characters, and a lack of gender-inclusive activities in the textbook. The study highlights the need for revising the newly implemented secondary level compulsory English textbooks to promote gender-sensitive and gender inclusive learning environments, collaborating among key stakeholders.
Experiences and Perceived Preventive Measures of Sexual Harassment Among Female Students at Tribhuvan university
Authors: Gyawali Kalpana , Maharjan Ram Krishna , Maharjan Shyam Krishna
Published: February 2025

This study examines the experiences of sexual harassment among female students at higher educations in Kathmandu valley under Tribhuvan University, Nepal. The study employs a focus group discussions and in-depth interviews with female students across various higher educational institutes. Findings reveal that sexual harassment is pervasive, occurring both on and off-campus situation, and manifests in physical, verbal, and non-verbal forms. Participants emphasized the need for strict laws, effective enforcement, and increased societal awareness will be effective to mitigate these issues. The research finding elaborated the importance of female empowerment and systemic change to combat sexual harassment in academic and public spaces in Nepal.
Hands-on Activities through Gardening: Building Twenty-First Century Skills for Lifelong Learning
Authors: Acharya Kamal Prasad , Gyawali Kalpana , Upadhyaya Indra Raj
Published: February 2025

This article explores the contribution of students’ garden-based activities to develop 21st century skills in the public schools in Nepal. It employed a participatory action research methodology, the research consisted of three purposively sampled intervention schools. The intervention involves the cultivation of flowers and vegetables, thus making gardening as part of the teaching and learning. Conversations, interviews and field reflections were the methods of collection of data, based on it, themes were made. The results indicate that the school garden enhances critical thinking, creativity, collaboration and problem solving skills as required in twenty first century education. In addition, students expressed the gardening activity as something that is related to what they have been learning and they appreciated it as a great learning platform. It encourages creative thinking, environmental sustainability and competence for lifelong learning.
Impact of Physical Activity on Academic Achievement of Secondary Level Students in Kathmandu
Authors: Chiluwal Shailandra , Bohara Kishore , Shahi Suresh Jang , Shrestha Mitra Lal , Thapa Suresh Bahadur
Published: February 2025

This study aims at exploring the impact of physical activity on the academic achievement of secondary-level students in Kathmandu District, Nepal. Cross-sectional research design was used, and data were collected from 31 students of grade nine and ten studying at Pushpa Kunja High School through structured questionnaires. The results reveal an inverse relationship between physical activity and academic performance. Solo activities like running and walking positively affected academic achievement, while team sports and yoga showed inconsistent trends. A statistically significant negative correlation was also found between the intensity of physical activity and academic performance (r = −0.392, p = 0.029). It means; higher the students' achievement level, lesser the participation in vigorous activities. This would challenge the assumption of a universally positive relationship between physical activity and academic achievement and also highlights the importance of balancing them for good academic achievement. This study, therefore, calls for specific school-based interventions to ensure optimal physical activities for holistic development, considering the unique cultural and infrastructural factors related to Nepal's education system.
Learner’s Engagement through Multi-layer Concept Map in Science Learning: A STEAM Perspective
Authors: Parajuli Dilu Ram
Published: February 2025

This research focuses on the empirical investigation of STEAM literacy as encompassing techniques derived from implementing multi-layer concept map techniques in the science classroom. As a pedagogical tool for student learning and teacher instruction, it offers students more significant opportunities to expand their understanding of and gain engaging experiences in multidisciplinary areas like STEAM subjects.  It also enhances the learner’s own choice of concept and shares the designed concept map with/within the group accompanied by dialogic scenarios. Methodologically, it is based on participatory action research (PAR), and it is a qualitative-dominated mixed design, which tries to promote expanded interest and self-directed technological and artistic learning practices in science through the perspective of STEAM literacy. The meaning-making process through the genre of interpretations is directly tested in the field of action and observation and the Likert scale-based reflective statements make results more trustworthy. Embedded in the consequences of overall data is the fact that STEAM literacy practices are developed in the science classroom through this tool. Due to PAR and more engagement of learners, it enhances a variety of diverse learning opportunities and sharpens learners’ independent thinking, creativity, and action.
शैक्षणिक दृष्टिले नेपाली बालकथाको अध्ययन
Authors: Bhusal Keshab
Published: February 2025

प्रस्तुत लेख नेपाली बालकथाको अध्ययनमा आधारित रहेको छ । यस लेखको मुख्य उद्देश्य शैक्षणिक दृष्टिले नेपाली बालकथाको अध्ययन गर्नु रहेको छ भने यसका विशिष्ट उद्देश्यका रूपमा विषयवस्तु, पात्रप्रयोग, भाषाशैली र पठनबोधका दृष्टिले नेपाली बालकथाको शैक्षणिकता अध्ययन गर्नु रहेका छन् । प्रस्तुत अध्ययन गुणात्मक ढाँचामा आधारित रहेको छ । यस अध्ययनमा कक्षा ‘छ’मा अध्ययनरत विद्यार्थीबाट प्राप्त प्रतिक्रियालाई प्राथमिक स्रोतका रूपमा लिइएको छ भने अन्य सैद्धान्तिक सामग्रीबाट लिइएका सामग्रीलाई द्वितीयक स्रोतका सामग्रीका रूपमा प्रयोग गरिएको छ । त्यसरी सङ्कलन गरिएका सामग्रीहरूलाई शैक्षणिकतासम्बन्धी सैद्धान्तिक मान्यताका आधारमा विश्लेषण गरिएको छ । यस सिलसिलामा नेपाली र अङ्ग्रेजी सैद्धान्तिक सामग्रीहरूको प्रयोग गरिएको छ । यस अध्ययनका आधारमा नेपाली बालकथाहरू विषयवस्तुका दृष्टिले शैक्षणिक देखिएका छन् भने पात्र प्रयोगका दृष्टिले ठिकै मात्र देखिएका छन् । भाषाशैलीका दृष्टिले भने नेपाली बालकथाहरू कम शैक्षणिक देखिएका छन् । पठनबोधका दृष्टिले हेर्दा नेपाली बालकथाहरू मध्यम प्रकृतिका देखिएका छन् । विद्यार्थीहरूले सम्बन्धित बालकथाहरूको अध्ययन गरी दिएका प्रतिक्रियाको विश्लेषणका आधारमा प्रायः सबै कथाहरू बालबालिकाको उमेर र स्तरअनुसारका नरहेका देखिन्छन्
Interdisciplinary in Education Research—Bridging Epistemologies and Practices
Authors: Khanal Peshal
Published: February 2025

This issue of Interdisciplinary Research in Education presents a diverse range of studies exploring critical intersections between education, governance, technology, health, gender, and socio-economic development. Key themes include education quality, ICT integration, assessment reforms, and governance challenges. Studies highlight systemic improvements in Nepalese secondary education, digital literacy gaps in higher education, and evolving language assessment practices. Research on gender representation in textbooks and sexual harassment in universities underscores the need for equitable learning environments. Health and well-being are examined through physical activity's impact on academic achievement and occupational health promotion for teachers. Innovative pedagogical strategies, such as gardening-based learning and multilayer concept mapping, are also explored. Additionally, studies on migration, children’s literature, and linguistic analysis further enrich the discourse. This issue underscores the value of interdisciplinary inquiry in addressing educational challenges, offering insights for educators, policymakers, and researchers navigating an evolving educational landscape.
Formal music education in Nepal: A SWOT analysis of Tribhuvan University.
Authors: Poudel Parsuram Prasad
Published: February 2025

Education is of the utmost importance to human beings. Music education has been continuous from ancient days till today. There are three types of the music education system, namely, informal, non-formal, and formal programs. The practice of formal music education university programs in Nepal has approximately 60 years of history. During that period, only a few universities, colleges, and schools have been academically providing music education. The present article focuses on the developing trends in formal music education in Nepal with special reference to Tribhuvan University. Analysis of strength, weakness, opportunities and threats (SWOT analysis) of music education in Tribhuvan University is made in this study. After the analysis of the subject matter, it is concluded that, although there are many strengths and opportunities, the Nepalese formal music education system and institutes have not been able to cope with and minimize the existing weaknesses and threats. The researcher has gathered the necessary data and information through the opinions expressed by the students, teachers, staff, administrators and other stakeholders, in an informal way. Several library visits and many literature reviews were also made to point out the internal and external factors affecting music education in Nepal. As a clear result of this study, it has been seen that political interference and other unwanted issues has been creating an unseen but big gap between planning and implementation of formal music education in Nepal.
The Relation of Direct and Indirect Taxes on Government Revenue collection of Nepal
Authors: Hari Prasad Adhikari  , Surya Prasad Poudel
Published: February 2025

The government revenue is the basic sources for economic development, social securities, national security, and etc. government of the country. Government has to collect revenue for the achievement of stipulated objectives. This research has been organized to understand the collection trend of total revenue, direct and indirect taxes of Nepal Government and it analyzes the correlation of direct and indirect taxes with total revenue. Trend graph, descriptive statistics and Pearson correlation have been deployed for analysis purpose. The 20 years data from 2003/004 to 2022/023 have been taken from economic survey of Nepal Government. The analysis has shown that, total revenue, direct and indirect taxes found in incremental trend. The total revenue and indirect tax has been found more fluctuating than direct tax. Taxes revenue have higher correlation with total revenue of Nepal. The higher correlation of taxes revenue with total tax revenue refers the Government of Nepal is unable to utilize alternative sources of revenue of Nepal. The Government of Nepal should raise their revenue from formulation of revenue collection policies from tax and nontax sector. On the other hand the government of Nepal should raise revenue from the policy of proper application of natural resources, increased in government investment, search alternative sources of government revenue, etc.
Factors Contributing to the Prevention of Staff Turnover: Insights from Nepalese Organizations
Authors: Prakash Shrestha
Published: February 2025

The purpose of this study is to examine factors that can serve as a means to reduce staff turnover in Nepalese organizations. This study employed a survey research design, with the unit of analysis comprising employees from ten Nepalese business organizations, including four commercial banks, three finance companies, and three life insurance companies. Data were gathered using standardized 6-point Likert scale questionnaires. A total of 225 participants were involved in this study and their responses were used for data analysis purposes. The findings indicate that improved compensation policies, high levels of job satisfaction, robust career growth opportunities, increased motivation, and a positive work environment all contribute to prevent staff turnover. Therefore, Nepalese business organizations should prioritize these factors to retain their workforce and reduce turnover intentions. Moreover, employing the best candidates, providing competitive pay, encouraging work-life balance, identifying and rewarding hard work, establishing clear career paths, evaluating historical turnover data, offering flexible scheduling, improving employee engagement, and putting in place efficient human resource development (HRD) procedures are all ways to reduce staff turnover.
Investors’ Perception towards Mutual Fund in Chitwan
Authors: Guna Raj Chhetri  , Suraj Kandel
Published: February 2025

This study looks at the opinions of investors in Chitwan, Nepal, about mutual funds as well as their general investing habits, risk tolerance, and decision-making variables. The study identifies drivers like yield, risk, liquidity, and security as crucial elements that impact investors’ choices, based on a sample of 101 respondents from a range of socioeconomic backgrounds. It was shown that although most investors recognize the advantages of mutual funds, they still rely on brokers, suggesting that mutual fund accessibility and education might be improved. In addition, the respondents frequently mentioned issues like exorbitant prices, service delivery time, and branch distance, all of which could lower investor satisfaction and restrict the pool of potential investors. Mutual funds, particularly closed-ended ones, are drawing more comparatively younger and moderately earning investors, according to the report. Additionally, it was determined that digital sources, such as the internet, were the most efficient among all of the information sources. The Chitwan region may see a rise in mutual fund investors, according to this report, which is why businesses should focus on improving outreach and fixing service issues. These steps have the potential to boost investor confidence and have a big influence on the region’s access to financial inclusion and wider economic scenarios.
Digital Banking Adoption Behaviour of Nepalese Customers
Authors: Shayastha Poudyal
Published: February 2025

Digital banking has become an integral part of the global financial landscape, offering convenience and accessibility to the customers. Through the availability of digital banking amenities customers can perform transaction 24/7. In Nepal, as well as other emerging economies, the adoption of digital banking platform is one of the crucial areas of the study. The research was solely based on the primary data which was allocated using the survey questionnaire. A sample of 345 respondents were undertaken where data were analyzed using two statistical software namely: IBM SPSS 25v and Smart-PLS 4.0. Based on the findings of the study the independent variables such as perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, perceived credibility, subjective norms and awareness have significant impact on the adoption behaviour of general Nepalese customers while controlling variables like gender, age and educational qualifications do not significantly impact. The result of the study depicts that majority of the customers find digital banking amenities useful in their daily lifestyle whereas are afraid of the cyber threats and various fraudulent activities that are occurring due to which people are not able to fully trust the digital banking amenities in the 21st century too. Therefore, the banks and financial institutions need to emphasize more on providing strict security protocols and gaining the trust from the general public so that digitalized platforms are fully embraced by the general customers
Experiences with and prevalence of conversion therapy practices and sexual orientation and gender identity or expression change efforts among 2S/LGBTQIA+ youth in Canada
Authors: Cooper Sarah , Kinitz David J. , Salway Travis , Rhanim Amy , Fournier Laurie , Ferlatte Olivier
Published: February 2025

Little research exists on the prevalence of conversion therapy practices (CTP) and sexual orientation and gender identity, and expression change efforts (SOGIECE) among Two-Spirit and lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender (trans), queer, intersex, and asexual people as well as other sexual and gender minorities (2S/LGBTQIA+) youth in Canada. This study aims to quantify the prevalence of CTP and SOGIECE among 2S/LGBTQIA+ youth in Canada, including policy-relevant details regarding setting, age of initiation, and duration of CTP exposure. 2S/LGBTQIA+ youth, 15–24 years old, in Canada were recruited through social media and 2S/LGBTQIA+ organizations from November 2021 to January 2022. Respondents provided demographic data and detailed quantitative information about their experiences with CTP and SOGIECE. Of respondents ( N = 2,960), 7.7% experienced CTP, 7.4% were at risk of CTP, and 65.8% reported exposure to SOGIECE. CTP experience was highest among respondents who were men, gay/homosexual, transgender, intersex, Arab, South Asian, Southeast Asian, Pacific Islanders, and living in the province of Manitoba. Among the respondents who experienced CTP ( n = 203), most did so with a certified health professional or a religious organization. Almost half of the respondents experienced their last CTP over three years prior to participation in this study, and 37.1% experienced CTP between the ages of 15 and 19 years old. The current study provides evidence that CTP and SOGIECE remain prevalent among 2S/LGBTQIA+ youth. Education and policy efforts are needed to target school, religious, and healthcare settings.
Dating App Use and Everyday Discrimination among Bisexual and Heterosexual Individuals
Authors: Santiago Vincent A. , Fredborg Beverley K. , Lenton-Brym Ariella P. , Antony Martin M.
Published: February 2025

Mobile dating applications (“dating apps”) have become popular, particularly among sexual minority groups (e.g., lesbian, gay, bisexual, pansexual, and other sexual orientations), potentially due to limited opportunities to meet similar others offline. Experiences of discrimination in everyday life (i.e., not constrained to dating apps, such as being treated with less respect or courtesy than others based on membership in a particular group) are common among sexual minority groups, and this factor has received little empirical attention in relation to dating app use. In this secondary data analysis ( Lenton-Brym et al., 2021 ), data from 243 adults who completed online questionnaires about the extent of one’s dating app use were analyzed. Bisexual participants reported greater everyday discrimination overall compared to heterosexual participants. Frequency of everyday discrimination was positively associated with the extent of dating app use when controlling for age, gender, and race/ethnicity, but only for heterosexual and not bisexual individuals. Findings suggest that bisexual participants use dating apps regardless of discrimination experiences in everyday life, whereas heterosexual individuals are more likely to use dating apps with increased perceived discrimination, potentially due to other factors unrelated to sexual orientation, age, gender, and race/ethnicity, such as physical appearance. Seventeen percent of the variation in dating app use scores was explained by the statistical model. Further exploration of factors that contribute to one’s extent of dating app use is needed.
Gender-inclusive language in the Argentine digital public discourse: A glottopolitical perspective
Authors: Salerno Paula , Rizzo Maria Florencia
Published: February 2025

This article presents preliminary results of an institutional research project on novel uses of Spanish in Argentina. Specifically, since the resurgence of gender-inclusive language movements in 2018, the assessments of speakers and institutions on the creation of new gender morphemes (such as “e” and “x”) have exposed perspectives on language that we consider problematic: the regulatory institutions of Spain are taken as a reference for discussions about Spanish in Argentina. By taking into account the debates about the right to speak and the exercise of linguistic authority in a context of growing demands for social equity, we seek to explore the interaction between dominant and individual discourses, to understand to what extent linguistic statements can lead to discrimination against speakers.

Especially, we seek to inquire into the language ideologies and representations are currently produced concerning inclusive language. By adopting a dialogical approach to discourses and a glottopolitical perspective (Arnoux 2014; Becker, Arnoux and Del Valle 2021), we analyse comments published in X (formerly Twitter) and digital newspapers about three cases involving the use of GIL in 2019. We focus on polemical discursive strategies through which internet users align with the dominant discourse associated with the panHispanic ideology of the Royal Spanish Academy (RAE). To do so, we will analyze tweets and readers’ comments on news published by Argentine digital newspapers during 2019, where we will identify which voices are evoked, which statements are delegated and which are not, and how different arguments are presented in relation to language agents’ positions.
What should a dictionary contain to be useful for translators?
Authors: Buendía-Castro Míriam
Published: February 2025

Translators are one of the main groups of dictionary users. The design, revision, and compilation of any kind of lexicographic or terminographic resource for translators should thus be based on their specific needs. To this end, the research examined the importance attributed by 221 BA and MA trainee translators to the various types of information in a dictionary entry, with a view to determining which are most useful for translation. Also identified were the differences between an ideal entry for translators and one for the general public. The results showed that the students’ answers varied depending on their year of study, as well as whether they were on the BA or MA program. The data collection tool was a self-reported questionnaire. The dictionary information most valued by trainee translators was usage contexts, definitions, phraseology, and translation equivalents. Furthermore, students at higher academic levels attributed more importance to usage contexts and phraseology. This study highlights the need to include phraseological and contextual information in the entries of translation-oriented dictionaries.
Lexicography and language documentation: Urgency, challenges, possibilities
Authors: van den Berg René
Published: February 2025

The alarming rate at which minority languages are vanishing around the globe has engendered the field of language documentation, of which lexicography is an essential component. In this context, several major developments have emerged in the last two decades, including the importance of involving and collaborating with the speech community, as well as the rise of novel digital technologies. This article first outlines the endangerment status of minority languages in various Asian countries. It then presents and critically examines a variety of tools that are available to linguists and lexicographers who are interested in the task of documenting the lexicon of an endangered language. That task is urgent and challenging, but also possible and rewarding.
Strategic Decision Making in Uncertainty Based on Game Theory
Authors: Bahiraie Alireza , Mahmoudi Hanieh , Lashgari Zohreh
Published: February 2025

This article presents a new mathematical model based on game theory about government policies in company planning. We present suggestions to the government on how to provide facilities to companies to implement energy improvement systems. This novel model helps companies and governments to make strategic decisions in times of uncertainty and to enhance management and planning in financing companies. Using game theory, we model the government and the company's performance and introduce some of the parameters affecting their performance. By examining the game between them, the solution of the game theory, which is the equilibrium, is calculated and suggestions to improve their performance are given. The results show that this model helps decision makers and planners to have a more appropriate strategic planning process and choose a more effective strategy under uncertainty conditions.
The relationship between pronated foot and lower extremity, pelvic, and lumbar alignment in asymptomatic young adults: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Gül Hatice , Erel Suat , Karaca İbrahim
Published: February 2025

The relationship between foot pronation and the alignment of the lower extremities, pelvis, and spine remains contentious in the literature. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between pronated foot and lower limb, pelvis and lumbar region alignment in asymptomatic young adults. The study included 96 feet of 48 participants aged 18-25 years with no pain complaints. The arch structure was evaluated with the Staheli index calculated from the footprint. The alignment of the lower extremities, pelvis and lumbar region were evaluated from photographs using posture evaluation programs. Spearman’s correlational analysis was used to examine the correlations between continuous variables, and the Mann Whitney U-test to compare independent group differences, with p
Aplicación del Modelo Media Varianza con Machine Learning para Optimización de Portafolios de Inversión
Authors: García Mazo Claudia María
Published: February 2025

Introducción: La optimización de portafolios de inversión busca encontrar el conjunto óptimo de activos que maximicen la rentabilidad bajo un nivel de riesgo determinado. Este estudio propone el uso del Modelo de Media Varianza (MMV), combinado con la regresión LASSO y la Simulación Monte Carlo, para optimizar un portafolio en el mercado colombiano. Metodología: Se utilizaron datos históricos de acciones y TES del periodo 2015 a 2023. Primero, se aplicó el MMV para identificar portafolios eficientes, luego la regresión LASSO para seleccionar activos clave y, finalmente, la Simulación Monte Carlo para evaluar escenarios y construir carteras óptimas. Resultados: El portafolio óptimo está compuesto por TES (37,65%), Grupo Energía Bogotá (23,35%), Nutresa (20,71%), ISA (10,63%) y Bancolombia (7,67%). La rentabilidad del portafolio óptimo es 0,010123%, y su volatilidad es 0,762192%. Discusión y Conclusiones: El estudio destaca la importancia de combinar técnicas computacionales con modelos clásicos para optimizar portafolios en mercados emergentes. Se concluye que el MMV, junto con Machine Learning y la Simulación Monte Carlo, es adecuado para optimizar portafolios y maximizar los beneficios en un nivel de riesgo determinado.
Comfortable Living Analysis and Ranking of Residential Districts in Novosibirsk
Authors: Byzova V. S. , Smolina O. O.
Published: February 2025

The comfortable living environment is a relevant and important task. This study helps to determine which districts in Novosibirsk have the most comfortable living conditions, and which of them require improvement of the infrastructure and reconstruction.

Purpose: The comprehensive analysis of comfortable living conditions in Novosibirsk districts based on the availability of social and cultural services (educational, upbringing, recreational, health care, shopping and entertainment, transport hubs, cultural and sports facilities) and accessibility of these facilities today and in the future (taking into account planning projects), the architectural environment of districts, including an accessible environment for people with disabilities, as well as the quality and representativeness of landscaping.

Methodology: The terminological, chronological and cartographic analysis of districts in Novosibirsk in the period from 1893 to 2019. The analysis of the availability of social and cultural services, such as educational, upbringing, recreation, healthcare, culture and sports facilities, shopping and entertainment and transport infrastructure facilities: transport hubs and accessibility of these facilities. The analysis of comfortable living conditions in the district with respect to the improvement and percentage of landscaping.

Research findings: Assessment criteria for the comfort of districts in Novosibirsk are identified, and districts are ranked by the most comfortable living. 

Value: The assessment and ranking of Novosibirsk districts for compliance with the comfort living.
Architectural protection of buildings against UAV attack
Authors: Polyantseva E. R.
Published: February 2025

The problem of building security in the case of different terrorist acts, including drone attacks, is rather relevant today. The article considers the architectural protection of facades and external building elements from this threat as well as building volume-planning structure to ensure the maximum protection of people in buildings. This problem is especially important to strike a balance between actual and perceived security, not designing a medieval fortress, but taking possible risks and terrorist threats into account.

Methodology: Investigation of existing risks and threats to buildings and people in them during an attack, comparative analysis of regulatory documents on anti-terrorist protection in Russia and abroad, the analysis of existing building protection techniques through the architecture and environmental design and their systematization based on the structural-typological method.

Research findings: Comparative tables based on the materials reviewed. Analytical materials include the building model description and architectural tools used to protect buildings.

Value: Indicates is the importance of safety requirements at all stages of the building life cycle, from design to operation and possible renovation to meet the increased protection requirements.
Hippeastrum, prugasti sunovrat
Authors: Kušen Mihael , Prebeg Tajana , Židovec Vesna
Published: February 2025

Prugasti sunovrat lukovičasta je trajnica koja se odlikuje krupnim cvjetovima različitih boja, a na tržištu se najčešće pojavljuje u jesensko-zimskom razdoblju. Prodaju se zasebno krupne lukovice ili već posađene u ukrasne posude kao lončanica te kao cvjetna vrsta za rez. Cilj ovog rada je prikazati taksonomsku pripadnost i porijeklo prugastog sunovrata, morfološki ga opisati te prikazati način pripreme lukovica, uzgoj lončanica i cvata za rez, pripremu za prodaju te načine održavanja u kućnim uvjetima s ciljem dobivanja ponovne cvatnje. Prugasti sunovrat, Hippeastrum Herb., pripada porodici Amaryllidaceae, nastao je križanjem više vrsta unutar roda, porijeklom iz Brazila. Na temelju literature prikazana je proizvodnja lukovica u kojoj je nakon razdoblja mirovanja potrebno osigurati temperature iznad 20 ⁰C, a relativna vlaga zraka u proizvodnom prostoru viša od 60% može uzrokovati pojavu bolesti u proizvodnji.
Pregled utjecaja ekoloških čimbenika na pojavu i razvoj štetnika masline (Olea europaea L.)
Authors: Petrović Elena , Godena Sara , Raspudić Emilija
Published: February 2025

Maslina (Olea europaea L.) predstavlja jednu od najvažnijih poljoprivrednih kultura u mediteranskim regijama, s dugom poviješću primjene u prehrani i medicini. Masline su podložne napadima štetnih organizama, koji mogu značajno smanjiti prinos i kvalitetu plodova. Među glavnim štetnicima koji utječu na maslinu ističu se maslinina muha (Bactrocera oleae Rossi), maslinin moljac (Prays oleae Bernard), jasminov moljac (Palpita unionalis Hübner), maslinin svrdlaš (Rhynchites cribripennis Desbr.), maslinin medič (Saissetia oleae Olivier), granotoč (Zeuzera pyrina Linnaeus), maslinin crni potkornjak (Hylesinus toranio Danthoine) i maslinin smeđi potkornjak (Phloeotribus scarabaeoides Bernard). Kao noviji štetnici masline ističu se crna štitasta uš arakurije (Lindingaspis rossi Maskel) i smeđa mramorasta stjenica (Halymorpha halys Stål). Ovaj rad nudi pregled složenih odnosa između masline, glavnih štetnika i ekoloških čimbenika, s ciljem razumijevanja njihovih utjecaja na proizvodnju maslina. Ekološki čimbenici, osobito klimatske promjene, značajno utječu na pojavu i širenje populacija ovih štetnika. Uz klimatske uvjete, važnu ulogu na njihovu pojavu i širenje imaju i prirodni neprijatelji te prisustvo alternativnih biljnih domaćina. Učinkovita kontrola štetnika zahtijeva prilagodbu mjera zaštite klimatskim promjenama te bolju integraciju prirodnih neprijatelja u strategije upravljanja maslinicima.
Rokovi uzgoja krumpira u različitim klimatskim područjima Republike Hrvatske
Authors: Benko Božidar , Fabek Uher Sanja , Radman Sanja , Opačić Nevena
Published: February 2025

Najvažniji klimatski čimbenik koji ograničava uzgoj krumpira je temperatura. Minimalne temperature određuju moguće vrijeme sadnje, odnosno rok uzgoja, a maksimalne mogu negativno utjecati na vegetativni rast i rast gomolja. Optimalne temperature zraka za vegetativni rast krumpira su između 20 i 25 °C, dok su za nalijevanje i rast gomolja optimalne temperature tla između 15 i 20 °C. Tijekom vegetacije, ovisno o klimatu, krumpir zahtijeva 500 do 700 mm oborina. Posljednjih godina izražena su variranja kako u količini tako i u intenzitetu oborina, što povećava rizik od isušivanja korijenovog sustava, odnosno gušenja u slučaju velike količine oborina u kratkom vremenu. Ako se biološki zahtjevi krumpira usporede sa klimatskim podacima, može se zaključiti kako je sadnjom u odgovarajućim rokovima uzgoja, u Republici Hrvatskoj moguć uzgoj gotovo cijele godine. Rizik od oštećenja niskim temperaturama moguće je dodatno smanjiti sadnjom u niske ili visoke tunele, odnosno uz direktno prekrivanje agrotekstilom odmah nakon sadnje. Tijekom ljetnih mjeseci potrebno je korištenjem sustava za navodnjavanje osigurati ravnomjernu opskrbu vodom.
Proizvodnja kukuruza u plodosmjeni i monokulturi
Authors: Svečnjak Zlatko
Published: February 2025

Razlozi proizvodnje kukuruza u monokulturi, ali i uvođenja plodoreda mogu biti brojni i to organizacijsko-tehnički, zemljišno-klimatski (agronomski) i ekonomski. Učinkovitija i ekološki prihvatljivija proizvodnja kukuruza i drugih ratarskih kultura često je lakše ostvariva ako na istoj parceli izmjenjujemo više kultura čime se mogu eliminirati negativne strane uzgoja u monokulturi. Strana i domaća istraživanja jasno ukazuju da je prinos kukuruza u monokulturi u pravilu niži u usporedbi s uzgojem u plodosmjeni. Općenito se povećanjem broja usjeva u plodosmjeni prekida razvojni ciklus štetnika i bolesti čime se oni manje šire i posljedično manje napadaju uzgajane kulture, a isto vrijedi i za korove. Nadalje, izmjena kukuruza kao kasne jarine s ozimim kulturama gustog sklopa preporuča se na nagnutim terenima čime se smanjuje potencijalna erozija tla vodom. U stručnom radu opisana je „umornost“ tla u monokulturi, te dobri i loši predusjevi za kukuruz. Također su obrađeni najčešći problemi u zaštiti usjeva pri dugotrajnoj proizvodnji kukuruza na istoj parceli i to trulež klipa i zrna, kukuruzna zlatica i divlji sirak, te preporučene agrotehničke mjere.
Analiza procesów nieustalonych w fragmencie sieci elektrycznej ultra wysokiego napięcia, która zawiera dławiki powietrzne
Authors: Levoniuk V. , Muchailovicz T.
Published: February 2025

W artykule dokonano analizy publikacji naukowych związanych z badaniem procesów przejściowych w elementach sieci elektrycznych, których kluczowymi elementami są długie linie elektroenergetyczne o rozłożonych parametrach oraz dławiki powietrzone, podczas pracy normalnej i awaryjnej. Analiza wykazała, że problematyka badań procesów przejściowych w długich liniach elektroenergetycznych jest aktualna, lecz niewystarczająco ujawniona w odniesieniu do procesów przejściowych z udziałem dławików bocznikowych. Na podstawie uogólnionej interdyscyplinarnej metody modelowania, która opiera się na modyfikacji całkowej zasady wariacyjnej Hamiltona-Ostrogradskiego, wybudowany jest model matematyczny fragmentu sieci elektrycznej, głównymi elementami której są długie linie elektroenergetyczne o rozłożonych parametrach, które zawiera dławiki powietrzne. Model prezentowany w jednoliniowym wykonaniu. Opracowany model matematyczny opiera się na równaniu długiej linii z pochodnymi cząstkowymi drugiego rzędu. Do rozwiązania wspomnianego równania proponuje się wykorzystanie warunków brzegowych Neumanna i Poincarégo. Realizacja modelu obiektu została realizowana za pomoc metod numerycznych drogą dystretyzacji równań linii przez metodę prostych. Przeprowadzono poszukiwania napięcia w fikcyjnym węźle elektroenergetycznej linii przesyłowej oraz przedstawiono jego wygląd. Na podstawie opracowanego modelu matematycznego napisano kod programu w algorytmicznym języku programowania Visual Fortran, za pomocą którego przeprowadzono eksperymenty numeryczne.
Za pomoc tego modelu zostało przeanalizowano elektromagnetyczne procesy nieustalone w systemu elektroenergetycznym w stanie symetrycznego trójfazowego zwarcia. Przedstawiono wyniki symulacji komputerowej w postaci rysunków, które zostały przeanalizowane. Także podane rekomendacji dla ewentualnych użytkowników.
Напружений стан трансверсально-ізотропного середовища зі сфероїдальним включенням за умов неідеального контакту
Authors: Бубняк Т. , Семерак В. , Бурнаєв О. , Пономаренко О. , Шпак Л. , Говда О.
Published: February 2025

Просторові задачі теорії пружності і термопружності є важливою частиною сучасної механіки деформівного твердого тіла. Їх актуальність визначається численним застосуванням цієї науки для вирішення важливих технічних і технологічних проблем у різних галузях виробництва. Необхідність таких досліджень зумовлена, передусім, знанням міцності матеріалів і елементів конструкцій. Як правило, екстремальні напруження досягаються в зонах розділу фаз, оскільки практично всі конструктивні матеріали неоднорідні за своєю структурою.
Важливою є проблема моделювання властивостей міжфазної межі з урахуванням реальних особливостей її структури. Отримання достовірної і повної інформації про розподіл напружень в елементах конструкцій пов’язане з використанням ефективних аналітичних і числових методів розв’язування просторових задач теорії пружності.
У просторових задачах теорії пружності і термопружності для трансверсально-ізотропних тіл розв’язок представляється через потенціальні функції, які є гармонічними у спеціально вибраних системах координат. Це суттєво зменшує математичні труднощі, які виникають під час розв’язування конкретних крайових задач.
Останніми роками з’явились публікації як вітчизняних, так і зарубіжних вчених, в яких розглядаються задачі теорії пружності і термопружності для ізотропного середовища в умовах неідеального механічного і теплового контактів. Зокрема, у працях А. Т. Улітка, Ю. М. Неміша, Н. Е. Качаловської та ін. розглядаються осесиметричні задачі. Однак для трансверсально-ізотропного тіла з включеннями канонічної форми розв’язки таких задач майже відсутні. На відміну від проаналізованих задач для ідеального контакту, розв’язок останніх отримується не в замкнутому вигляді, а зводиться до розв’язування нескінченних систем лінійних алгебраїчних рівнянь.
Важливі результати в цьому напрямі отримані в роботах Я. С. Підстригача, Ю. М. Подільчука, побудовані точні розв’язки просторових задач теорії пружності і статичної термопружності у сферичній, циліндричній, сфероїдальній, параболічній та інших системах координат.
Наведено постановку задачі теорії пружності про розподіл нормальних, меридіальних і кругових напружень трансверсально-ізотропного середовища, яке містить анізотропне включення у формі стиснутого сфероїда при рівномірному всесторонньому стиску, залежно від геометрії включення.
На основі отриманих розв’язків просторових задач теорії пружності і термопружності для трансверсально-ізотропного середовища зі стиснутим сфероїдальним включенням в умовах неідеального механічного і теплового контактів досліджено розподіл термонапружень як у середовищі, так і у включенні за дії довільного лінійного температурного і силового полів. Отримано інженерні формули для розрахунку концентрації напружень у середовищі та включенні за різних механічних навантажень – стиску, розтягу, зсуву, згину та кручення.