bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Vízkonfliktus a Nílus völgyében
Authors: Bodnár András
Published: May 2022

A tanulmány a Kék-Níluson épülő Nagy Etióp Újjászületés Gát (Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam – GERD) kapcsán kiéleződött ellentéteket vizsgálja. Egyiptom rohamosan növekvő lakossága és a Nílus vizére való szinte teljes ráutaltsága miatt mereven ragaszkodik korábbi, nemzetközi szerződésekben rögzített kvótájához. Etiópia a vízhozam felosztásának számára kedvezőbb és általa igazságosabbnak tekintett, újabb rendszerét szeretné megteremteni. A bizonyos esetekben már-már fegyveres konfliktus kirobbanásának lehetőségével fenyegető érdekellentétek feloldására több nemzetközi megoldási kísérlet történt. Ezek sikertelensége miatt még nagyon távolinak tűnik a végleges, minden érdekelt fél számára elfogadható megoldás.
Az összhaderőnemi támogatás új szervezeti egysége és annak feladatai a NATO-ban
Authors: Magyar Róbert
Published: May 2022

A szerző a NATO újonnan létrehozott Összhaderőnemi Támogató és Felkészítő Parancsnoksága (NATO Joint Support and Enabling Command – JSEC) bemutatására vállalkozik tanulmányában. A Magyar Honvédség állandó kapcsolattartójaként (Standing Point of Contact – SPOC) fontosnak tartja bemutatni azt az új összhaderőnemi hadműveleti szintű parancsnokságot, amelyet a NATO-tagországok döntései alapján hoztak létre, majd 2019- re elérte kezdeti, míg 2021 őszére a teljes műveleti képességét. A JSEC létrehozásával a NATO tagországai a nemzeti és a kollektív védelmi képességek fejlesztésének kérdésére, valamint a Szövetség walesi (2014) és varsói (2016) csúcstalálkozóján meghatározottakra kívántak választ adni. A tanulmány a JSEC létrehozásához vezető utat és a parancsnokság egyes funkcióit vázolja fel, és gyakorlati példákon keresztül szemlélteti a JSEC-hez köthető feladatok komplex és összefüggő rendszerét, valamint igyekszik rámutatni a kialakuló funkcionális területekre.
Rebus sic stantibus – avagy a dolgok állásáról a fegyveres konfliktusok jogában
Authors: Vikman László
Published: May 2022

Az Új típusú hadviselés a 21. század második évtizedében és azon túl. Intézményi és jogi kihívások (szerk: Farkas Ádám és Végh Károly), Zrínyi Kiadó, Budapest, 2020) c. kötet ismertetője.
A fegyveresen elkövetett, elöljáró vagy szolgálati közeg elleni erőszak veszélyhelyzet idején
Authors: Minkó-Miskovics Mariann , Ács Gábor
Published: May 2022

Az elöljáró vagy szolgálati közeg elleni erőszak és a hozzá kapcsolódó bűncselekmény alapvetően egy kisebb jelentőségű, a jogászok jelentős része számára ismeretlen bűncselekménynek tekinthető, amelyen a minősítő körülmények között megjelenő „fegyveresen” minősítés sem változtat. A bűncselekmény ugyanakkor mégis kiemelt jelentőséggel rendelkezik, főleg a jelenlegi bevándorlás és járvány okozta válsághelyzetben. A tanulmány a fegyveresen elkövetett, elöljáró vagy szolgálati közeg elleni erőszak bűncselekményének jogszabályi hátterét, a rendelkezésre álló joggyakorlatot és a kapcsolódó statisztikákat vizsgálja, különös figyelmet fordítva a veszélyhelyzetek során változó elkövetési számokra és következtetéseket levonva a bűncselekmény jövőbeli várható alakulására.
Koncepciófejlesztés a NATO-ban
Authors: Gazdag Erika
Published: May 2022

A NATO katonai stratégiájának (2019) megjelenése óta felgyorsultak a koncepciófejlesztési munkálatok a Szövetségben. Jelenleg csaknem egy tucat különböző terven dolgoznak a szövetségi központ, a katonai hatóságok és a tagállamok szakértői. A téma megújult aktualitása miatt a tanulmány bemutatja a koncepciófejlesztés fogalmi és tartalmi kérdéseit, illetve a közelmúltban újraszabályozott folyamatait. Kiemelt figyelmet fordít a védelmi tervezés és a koncepciófejlesztés, valamint a koncepciófejlesztés és a transzformáció külső és belső összefüggéseire. A NATO-koncepciófejlesztés új kérdéseinek honvédségi megjelenése miatt a szerző rámutat a szövetségi terminológia MH-beli adaptációjának fontosságára is. A tanulmány amellett érvel, hogy a Szövetségben újra előtérbe került koncepciófejlesztés miatt szükség van a honvédségi alkalmazási folyamatok megerősítésére, az ezzel kapcsolatos kiadványok, valamint doktrínák megújítására. Ezt a követelményt erősíti a közelmúltban megjelent Nemzeti Katonai Stratégia (2021) szellemisége és előírásai is.
A közösségi média hatása a döntéshozatali rendszer és az államszervezés tükrében
Authors: Kajuha Petra
Published: May 2022

A szerző a modern kor egyik vívmánya, a közösségi média hatalmát szemlélteti. A Cambridge Analytica tevékenységének rövid bemutatásával igyekszik az olvasó fókuszát ráhangolni az ezen felületekben rejlő lehetőségekre és az alulszabályozottság miatt megjelenő veszélyekre, majd az Amerikai Egyesült Államokban nemrégiben végbement vezetői változások és a Twitter közösségi oldal ambivalens kapcsolatát vizsgálja. Az írás célja, hogy a Magyar Honvédség számára is releváns afganisztáni kivonulás után az online felületeken újonnan megjelenő tálib tevékenységet bemutassa.
A rögtönzött robbanóeszközök elleni tevékenység kiegészítő- és támogatóképességei
Authors: Horváth Tibor , Tábi Levente
Published: May 2022

A rögtönzött robbanóeszközök (IED1) elleni tevékenység komplex feladat. A kezdeti időszakban még mindenki konkrétan az IED hatástalanítására, megsemmisítésére fókuszált. Az évek múlásával azonban sorra jelentek meg a rögtönzött robbanóeszközök (robbanótestek) elleni tevékenységek (C-IED2) során olyan, már korábban meglévő képességek, melyek hatékonyan tudtak hozzájárulni az ilyen eszközökkel végrehajtott támadások hatásfokának csökkentéséhez. Mivel az IED elleni feladatok korábban kifejezetten műszaki, és azon belül is tűzszerészi feladatok voltak, így törvényszerűen a műszaki erők felelősségi körébe integrálták a C-IED feladatrendszerét. Ma már viszont olyan képességek és feladatok is vannak a C-IED feladatai között, melyek túlmutatnak a műszaki erők és parancsnokok kompetenciáján. Az IED elleni tevékenység átfogó megközelítést igényel. Egy törzsben, parancsnokságban számos olyan képességet és kapacitást kell tudni bevonni a rögtönzött robbanótestek elleni feladatokba, melyek műveleti koordinációt és együttműködést igényelnek. A bevethető képességek a műveletek jellegétől, fázisaitól, illetve az IED-veszély jellegétől függően vonhatók be. Így a műveleti parancsnoknak azt kell megértenie, hogy melyik képesség mikor és hogyan tud hozzájárulni az ilyen eszközök által keltett veszély csökkentéséhez, esetleges megszüntetéséhez.
Katonai szociális munka harci körülmények között – a harcoló katona komplex humán támogatása
Authors: Sásik Csaba
Published: May 2022

A szerző írásában a katonai szociális munka speciális területével, a harctéri körülmények között végzett katonai szociális munkával foglalkozik. Ismerteti ennek szerepét az egyéni harcképesség biztosítása, illetve fenntartása terén, céljait, eszköz- és együttműködési rendszerét, valamint lehetőségeit és korlátait. Gyakorlati példák bemutatásán keresztül segít megérteni e speciális tevékenység szakmai orientációját, továbbá főbb beavatkozási irányait.
A magyar királyi Honvéd Ludovika Akadémia vezetői, 1872–1918 (2.)
Authors: Balla Tibor
Published: May 2022

Az önálló honvédtisztképzés 1872-ben indult meg a magyar királyi Honvéd Ludovika Akadémián, amely közel fél évszázados fennállása folyamán, 1918-ig több ezer honvédtisztet képzett a Magyar Királyságnak. Az itt folyó oktató- és nevelői munka minősége jelentős mértékben függött az intézmény mindenkori vezetőjének személyétől. A felállítástól az első világégés végéig tartó időszakban a Ludovika Akadémiának 14 vezetője (kezdetben igazgatója, majd 1890-től parancsnoka) volt, akiknek katonai pályafutása kevésbé ismert. A tanulmányból kiderül, hogy kik is voltak, s milyen tiszti pályát futottak be. Az első részben a szerző történelmi-statisztikai és szociológiai módszerek segítségével mutatta be és elemezte személyes adataikat, a második, befejező részben pedig a magyar királyi Honvéd Ludovika Akadémia igazgatói, illetőleg parancsnoki beosztását 1872–1918 között betöltött 14 vezető katonai pályafutásának adatait foglalja össze.
A Bayesian Approach to Risk-Based Autonomy, with Applications to Contact-Based Drone Inspections
Authors: Rothmund Sverre Velten , Thieme Christoph Alexander , Utne Ingrid Bouwer , Johansen Tor Arne
Published: May 2022

Enabling higher levels of autonomy requires an increased ability to identify and handle internal faults and unforeseen changes in the environment. This article presents an approach to improve this ability for a robotic system executing a series of independent tasks by using a dynamic decision network (DDN). A case study of an industrial inspection drone performing contact-based inspection is used to demonstrate the capabilities of the resulting system. The case study demonstrates that the system is able to infer the presence of internal faults and the state of the environment by fusing information over time. This information is used to make risk-informed decisions enabling the system to proactively avoid failure and to minimize the consequence of faults. Lastly, the case study demonstrates that evaluating past states with new information enables the system to identify and counteract previous sub-optimal actions. 
A Pairwise Ranking Estimation Model for Surrogate-assisted Evolutionary Algorithms
Authors: Harada Tomohiro
Published: May 2022

Surrogate-assisted evolutionary algorithms (SAEAs) have attracted considerable attention for reducing the computation time required by an EA on computationally expensive optimization problems. In such algorithms, a surrogate model estimates the solution evaluation with a low computing cost and is used to obtain promising solutions to which the accurate evaluation with an expensive computation cost is then applied. This study proposes a novel pairwise ranking surrogate model called the Extreme Learning-machine-based DirectRanker (ELDR). ELDR integrates two machine learning models: extreme learning machine (ELM) and DirectRanker (DR). ELM is a single-layer neural network capable of fast learning, whereas DR uses pairwise learning to rank using a neural network developed mainly for information retrieval. To investigate the effectiveness of the proposed surrogate model, this study first examined the estimation accuracy of ELDR. Subsequently, ELDR was incorporated into a state-of-the-art SAEA and compared with existing SAEAs on well-known real-valued optimization benchmark problems. The experimental results revealed that ELDR has a high estimation accuracy even on high-dimensional problems with a small amount of training data. In addition, the SAEA using ELDR exhibited the highest search performance compared with other existing SAEAs, especially on high-dimensional problems.
Robots and Intelligent Medical Devices in the Intensive Care Unit: Vision, State of the Art and Economic Analysis
Authors: Kosa Gabor , Morozov Oleksii , Lehmann Angelika , Pargger Hans , Marsch Stephan , Hunziker Patrick
Published: May 2022

 Robotics is widely seen as a key enabling technology for the society of tomorrow. This work examines the role of robotics and intelligent medical devices in Intensive Care Medicine. Demographics predict that more elderly patients will need to be treated with fewer healthcare personnel, calling for innovations in ICU management.  Robotics is a key enabling technology for the 21st century and may help to smooth the foreseeable workload/manpower disparity in medicine. Studying the application of robotics in the ICU in a manner beneficial for patients and accepted by intensive care team is desirable. Financial sustainability is essential for the introduction of these new technologies to the ICU. This study therefore assesses the state of the art in robotics in intensive care medicine and identifies opportunities for progress, using an observational approach in a teaching hospital ICU in combination with an in-depth review of the literature and a survey of the market. Tasks amenable to robotics are identified, their acceptability to patients and caregivers are examined and their quantitative contribution to future management of an intensive care unit is assessed. 
Grant-Free NOMA: A Low Complexity Power Control Through User Clustering
Authors: Celik Abdulkadir
Published: May 2022

This paper proposes synchronous grant-free non-orthogonal multiple access (GF-NOMA) frameworks that effectively integrate UE clustering and low-complexity power control to facilitate power reception disparity required by the power domain NOMA. While single-level GF-NOMA (SGF-NOMA) designates an identical transmit power for all user equipments (UEs),  multi-level GF-NOMA (MGF-NOMA) groups UEs into partitions based on the sounding reference signals strength and assign partitions with different identical power levels. Based on the objective of interest (e.g., max-sum or max-min rate), the proposed UE clustering scheme iteratively admits UEs to form clusters, whose size is dynamically determined based on the number of UEs and available resource blocks (RBs). Once the UEs are acknowledged with power levels and allocated RBs through random access response (RAR) messages, UEs can transmit anytime without grant acquisition. Numerical results show that the proposed GF-NOMA frameworks can compute clusters in the order of milliseconds for hundreds of UEs. The MGF-NOMA can reach up to 96-99% of the optimal benchmark max-sum rate, the SGF-NOMA reaches 87% of the optimal benchmark max-sum rate at the same power consumption. Since the MGF-NOMA and optimal benchmark enforces the strongest and weakest channel UEs to transmit at maximum and minimum transmit powers, respectively, the SGF-NOMA also offers a significantly higher energy consumption fairness and network lifetime as all UEs consume equal transmit powers. While the MGF-NOMA delivers an inferior max-min rate performance, the SGF-NOMA is shown to reach 3x106 MbpJ energy efficiency compared to 1x107 MbpJ
Defect Detection in Bi-directional Glass Fabric Reinforced Thermoplastics Based on 3D THz Imaging
Authors: Souliman Aya
Published: May 2022

Non-homogeneous, bi-directional glass fabric reinforced thermoplastic (GFRT) composites are used in the automobile industry to produce economic, environmentally friendly and recyclable vehicles. Despite the fact that GFRT materials have superior mechanical characteristics and lower manufacturing cost compared with traditional materials, they are prone to significant deformation and defect emergence during the forming/manufacturing of parts from prefabricated laminates. Some defects, especially hidden ones like delamination and consolidation defects, can significantly reduce the mechanical properties of the final parts. It is essential to use 3D non-destructive testing (NDT) technology to detect and identify such hidden defects. This research investigates the ability of 3D THz imaging to detect hidden defects (i.e., delamination and consolidation) in GFRT composite materials. Frequency modulated continuous wave (FMCW) technique is used to generate 3D-THz cross-sectional images. Non-defective and defective samples with a thickness of 1.5 mm have been measured with two 3D THz imaging systems operating in the frequency range from 238 to 316 GHz and from 499 to 733 GHz. In addition, a simulation of the reflected FMCW spectrum is presented to analyze the measurements and intercompare the performance of the two imaging systems. A systematic analysis in a large sample set demonstrates that a delamination defect with a thickness of 125 µm as well as a consolidation defect with a difference in thickness less than 0.4 mm can be successfully detected by the 700-GHz imaging system.
Subspace-based AOA estimation in mmWave NR system using power measurement with a single-port antenna array
Authors: Shmonin Oleg , Kuptsov Vitaliy , Trushkov Sergey , Ponur Kirill , Serebryakov Georgij , Wang Hao , Zhang Jiankun , Krivelevich Anatoliy
Published: May 2022

The paper is dedicated to the multipath angle of arrival (AOA) estimation problem in millimeter wave (mmWave) 5G NR communication system. The case of a phased antenna array with a single digital port is considered. In this scenario, the conventional highly accurate subspace-based algorithms cannot be applied because of hardware restrictions. We proposed a novel subspace-based algorithm called power-based root minimal polynomial method (PR-MPM) that uses the spatial power spectrum to get an approximation of the signal correlation matrix. The power spectrum is measured via the conventional beam sweeping procedure over a finite number of directions. The efficiency of the proposed method is studied using the high-realistic ray-tracing-based channel model applied in mmWave IEEE 802.11ay standard. Simulation results show that AOAs can be precisely estimated using only single-port power measurement.
CYBERSPACE AS AN OBJECT OF RESEARCH AND PROTECTION. PART 1
Authors: Сердечный Алексей Леонидович
Published: May 2022

Работа посвящена описанию киберпространства как защищаемого объекта, обладающего уникальными свойствами по сравнению с другими видами пространств (водным, земным, воздушным и космическим). В рамках проведённых исследований рассмотрены различные определения данного понятия и выделены его основные аспекты. Рассмотрение киберпространства в этих аспектах позволило выявить основные закономерности его генезиса и эволюции о которых также рассказывается в настоящей статье. Также было показано, что сложность и размер киберпространств требует особых подходов его изображения и исследования, в том числе, через анализ субъектов, которые его порождают, а также действуют в нём. Фактически предлагается новый взгляд на специфическое пространство, порожденное человечеством, которое сегодня проникло во все сферы общественной деятельности и остро нуждается в защите и глубоком исследовании (в том числе и картографическими методами).

The paper focuses on describing cyberspace as a protected object that has unique properties compared to other types of space (aquatic, terrestrial, air and space). Within the framework of the conducted research different definitions of this concept have been considered and its main aspects have been highlighted. Consideration of cyberspace in these aspects allowed us to identify the main patterns of its genesis and evolution, which are also described in this article. It was also shown that the complexity and size of cyberspaces requires special approaches to its portrayal and study, including through the analysis of the actors that generate it as well as act in it. In fact, it offers a new perspective on the specific space generated by mankind, which has now penetrated all spheres of social activity and is in dire need of protection and in-depth study (including by mapping methods).
ENSURING INFORMATION SECURITY OF AN INFORMATION SYSTEM USING ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE-APPROACHES, TECHNOLOGY (PART I)
Authors: Филяк Петр Юрьевич , Захаренков Иван Александрович , Перевезенцев Иван Сергеевич
Published: May 2022

В статье рассматривается подход к обеспечению информационной безопасности с позиций нового технологического уклада, основанного на широком использовании целого спектра современных методов и инструментов, характерных для информационного общества не в фазе его формировании, а на этапе интенсивного развития. Всемирный экономический форум в Давосе в 2016 году в докладах участников и итоговых документах обозначил и провозгласил четвертый технологический уклад, или инновационную экономику, также широко известную под брендом Индустрия 4.0. В технологическом плане это означает широкое использование одного из основных научно-технических направлений данного уклада - искусственного интеллекта (ИИ, Artificial Intelligence (AI)). Комплексная цифровая трансформация экономики и социальной сферы предусмотрена национальным проектом «Цифровая экономика Российской Федерации», отдельным разделом которой является обеспечение информационной безопасности цифровой экономики, что также предусматривает применение новых подходов и инструментов для решения данных задач, среди которых предусмотрено использование искусственного интеллекта.

The article considers the approach to ensuring information security from the standpoint of a new technological structure based on the wide use of a whole range of modern methods and tools that are characteristic of the information society not in the phase of its formation, but at the stage of intensive development. The World Economic Forum in Davos in 2016, in the reports of the participants and the final documents, identified and proclaimed the fourth technological order, or innovative economy, also widely known under the brand Industry 4.0. In technological terms, this means the widespread use of one of the main scientific and technical directions of this way of life-artificial intelligence (AI). A comprehensive digital transformation of the economy and social sphere is provided for by the national project "Digital Economy of the Russian Federation", a separate section of which is to ensure the information security of the digital economy, which also provides for the use of new approaches and tools to solve these problems, among which the use of artificial intelligence is provided.
ENSURING INFORMATION SECURITY OF AN INFORMATION SYSTEM USING ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE - PRACTICAL IMPLEMENTATION (PART 2)
Authors: Филяк Петр Юрьевич , Захаренков Иван Александрович , Перевезенцев Иван Сергеевич
Published: May 2022

Предложена практическая реализация подхода к обеспечению информационной безопасности информационной системы на основе использования политик информационной безопасности, базирующихся на применении различных вариантов всех известных политик доступа к информации, которые, в свою очередь, реализуются путем имплементации платформ самых современных интерфейсов с помощью искусственного интеллекта (ИИ/ AI). Данные интерфейсы предполагают бесконтактную идентификацию и аутентификацию пользователя, в зависимости от заданных условий политик доступа, системы, правил и средств разграничения доступа к информационной системе. В частности, предусматривается идентификация и аутентификация с использованием системы визуализации и распознавания зрительных образов, а также с помощью распознавания речи, с учетом тембральных и модуляционных характеристик голоса, что обеспечивает высокую точность идентификации и аутентификации и степень достоверности при выполнении процедура авторизации, поскольку программная и аппаратная составляющая функций ИИ позволяет осуществлять многофакторный мониторинг за действиями пользователей и сортировать события в режиме online.

The practical implementation of an approach to ensuring the information security of an information system is proposed based on the use of information security policies based on the application of various variants of all known information access policies, which, in turn, are implemented by implementing the most modern interface platforms using artificial intelligence (AI/ AI). These interfaces assume contactless identification and authentication of the user, depending on the specified conditions of access policies, system, rules and means of access control to the information system. In particular, it provides for identification and authentication using a visual image visualization and recognition system, as well as using speech recognition, taking into account the timbral and modulation characteristics of the voice, which ensures high accuracy of identification and authentication and a degree of reliability when performing the authorization procedure, since the software and hardware component of the AI functions allows for multi-factor monitoring of user actions and sorting events online.
MATHEMATICAL SUPPORT OF THE COMPLEX OF MODELING OF EPIDEMIC PROCESSES TAKING INTO ACCOUNT THE DOSAGE OF VIRUSES: THE MODEL «BAKHCHISARAI FOUNTAIN»
Authors: Остапенко Александр Григорьевич , Шварцкопф Евгения Андреевна , Остапенко Александр Александрович , Сафронова Виктория Витальевна , Сибирко Ксения Владимировна , Болгова Елена Александровна
Published: May 2022

В работе предлагается принципиально новый подход к описанию сетевых эпидемических процессов. Авторы предлагают при моделировании процесса диффузии вредоноса учитывать его дозировку в элементах исследуемой сети. В этой связи вводятся соответствующие параметры (скорость размножения вируса, пороги концентрации вируса в узлах сети по состояниям распространения вредоноса и утраты работоспособности, пропорция дозировки вируса в сетевых трафиках), которые через заданные матрицы ресурсов взвешенной сети позволяют моделировать процесс распространения инфекции по сетевой инциденции (вплоть до программной реализации). Наряду с вышеизложенным рассматриваются приемы регулирования эпидемического процесса в предлагаемом авторами прочтении.

The paper proposes a fundamentally new approach to the description of network epidemic processes. The authors suggest that when modeling the process of diffusion of destructive content, its dosage in the elements of the network under study should be taken into account. In this regard, the corresponding parameters are introduced (the rate of virus reproduction, the thresholds of virus concentration in the network nodes according to the states of spread of the pest and loss of operability, the proportion of the dosage of the virus in network traffic), which, through the given matrices of weighted network resources, allow you to simulate the process of infection spread by a network incident (up to software implementation). Along with the above, the methods of regulating the epidemic process are considered in the article proposed by the authors.
ANALYSIS OF MODERN ACCESS POINTS FOR ENTERPRISE WIRELESS CHANNELS
Authors: Громов Юрий Юрьевич , Карасев Павел Игоревич , Кулешов Виктор Владимирович
Published: May 2022

В статье дается характеристика беспроводных сетей, имеющих значение для автоматизации производства, и условия для их применения. Рассмотрено применение проводной сети Ethernet, поскольку беспроводная сеть можно с легкостью в нее интегрироваться. Проведен анализ таких распространенных в автоматизации предприятий типов стандартов связи, как ZigBee и Wi-Fi. Уделено внимание проблеме взаимодействия узлов в проводных и беспроводных сетях и возможности ее решения с использованием технологии коллективного доступа с опознаванием несущей и обнаружением конфликтов. Определено, что точки доступа являются устройствами обладающими операционными системами, в которых содержится большое количество ошибок, чем могут воспользоваться злоумышленники. Рассмотрены основные причины взлома на примере Wi-Fi и охарактеризованы методы взлома беспроводной точки доступа. Указаны способы, которые могут применяться для защиты беспроводной точки доступа можно использовать следующие способы. Также проведен анализ технологий, которые могут использоваться для того, чтобы защитить корпоративные сети.

The article describes the characteristics of wireless networks that are important for the automation of production, and the conditions for their use. The application of a wired Ethernet network is considered, since a wireless network can be easily integrated into it. The analysis of such types of communication standards common in enterprise automation as ZigBee and Wi-Fi is carried out. Attention is paid to the problem of interaction of nodes in wired and wireless networks and the possibility of solving it using the technology of collective access with carrier identification and conflict detection. It is determined that access points are devices with operating systems that contain a large number of errors, which can be used by attackers. The main reasons for hacking on the example of Wi-Fi are considered and methods of hacking a wireless access point are described. The methods that can be used to protect the wireless access point are indicated, you can use the following methods. The analysis of technologies that can be used to protect corporate networks is also carried out.
The 'Compelling Government Interest' in School Diversity: Rebuilding the Case for an Affirmative Government Role
Authors: Tegeler Philip
Published: May 2022

How far does Justice Kennedy’s “moral and ethical obligation” to avoid racial isolation extend? Does the obligation flow primarily from Supreme Court case law, does it derive from an evolving consensus in the social sciences, or does it also have a statutory basis in Title VI and other federal law? In addition to its value as a justification for non-individualized, race-conscious remedial efforts by state and local governments, does the compelling interest identified in Parents Involved also suggest an affirmative duty on the part of the federal government? And if so, how far does this affirmative duty extend, and how might it be enforced? This Article will attempt to answer these questions by exploring the potential legal sources of the federal government’s powers and duties with respect to avoiding racial isolation in the public schools and to the government’s affirmative obligation to promote integration. Part I will explore sources of legal authority for affirmative school diversity policies at the federal executive level. Part II will propose a new, more proactive approach to assessing state and local segregation impacts that the Department of Education could adopt within its existing Title VI authority. Part III will identify non-prescriptive funding incentives that the Department could include in its competitive grant programs to support school diversity. Finally, Part IV will suggest data metrics the Department could include in its data reporting programs to incentivize performance by state governments and local districts. In sum, the federal government has multiple tools at its disposal to advance the promise of Brown and Parents Involved. Its continuing failure to assert these inherent powers will inexorably result in increasing segregation at the local level.
Restructuring Local School Wellness Policies: Amending the Kids Act to Fight Childhood Obesity
Authors: Edwalds Rebecca
Published: May 2022

Childhood obesity is a major problem plaguing the United States. Over one-third of children are overweight, and there is little indication that this trend will reverse in the near future. The federal government has attempted to combat childhood obesity through the National School Lunch Act, which regulates the quality of foods federally subsidized schools may serve to children, and provides broad goals for physical activity. These basic goals leave extensive room for states to implement different standards, and they are not sufficient to effectively confront the childhood obesity problem. This Note proposes amendments to the National School Lunch Act that increase the requirements for physical activity for schools participating in the National School Lunch Program. By raising the standards and forcing schools to increase actual physical activity among children, the United States can begin to take strides in the right direction to combat childhood obesity.
Employment Arbitration Reform: Preserving the Right to Class Proceedings in Workplace Disputes
Authors: Castro Javier
Published: May 2022

The recent judicial enforcement of class waivers in arbitration agreements has generated ample debate over the exact reach of these decisions and their effects on the future of collective action for consumers and employees. In AT&T Mobility v. Concepcion, a 5-4 majority of the Supreme Court majority held that the Federal Arbitration Act (FAA) preempted state laws prohibiting companies from incorporating class action waivers into arbitration agreements. The Court upheld such waivers on the grounds that they are consistent with the language and underlying purpose of the FAA. Most courts across the country have since reinforced the strong federal policy favoring arbitration. This, in turn, has made it more difficult for employees—most of whom do not enjoy the benefit of union representation and must therefore arbitrate their claims as individuals—from engaging in class proceedings. Faced with this dire judicial landscape, employees must turn to Congress to limit the scope of compulsory arbitration and secure recognition of the right to class proceedings. This Note advocates for legislative reform of federal arbitration law. Specifically, it argues for an amendment to the FAA that invalidates class waivers in mandatory arbitration agreements and applies only in employment disputes. Such a reform would help preserve important employee protections under federal labor law and would allow nonunion workers, in particular, to fully exercise their fundamental right to collective action.
Can You Diagnose Me Now? A Proposal to Modify the FDA’s Regulation of Smartphone Mobile Health Applications with a Pre-Market Notification and Application Database Program
Authors: McInerney Stephen
Published: May 2022

Advances in mobile technology continually create new possibilities for the future of medical care. Yet these changes have also created concerns about patient safety. Under the Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has the authority to regulate a broad spectrum of products beyond traditional medical devices like stethoscopes or pacemakers. The regulatory question is not if the FDA has the statutory authority to regulate health-related software, but rather how it will exercise its regulatory authority. In September 2013, the FDA published Final Guidance on Mobile Medical Applications; in it, the Agency limited its oversight to a small subset of medical-related mobile applications, referred to as “mobile medical applications.” For the Final Guidance to be effective, the FDA must continue to work directly with all actors—including innovators, doctors, and patients as the market for mobile health applications continues to develop. This Note argues that the FDA should adopt a two-step plan—a pre-market notification program and a mobile medical application database—to aid in the successful implementation of its 2013 Final Guidance. By doing so, the FDA will ensure that this burgeoning market can reach its fullest potential.
One Significant Step: How Reforms to Prison Districts Begin to Address Political Inequality
Authors: Wood Erika
Published: May 2022

Skyrocketing rates of incarceration over the last three decades have had profound and lasting effects on the political power and engagement of local communities throughout the United States. Aggressive enforcement practices and mandatory sentencing laws have an impact beyond the individuals who are arrested, convicted, and incarcerated. These policies have wide-ranging and enduring ripple effects throughout the communities that are most heavily impacted by criminal laws, predominantly urban and minority neighborhoods. Criminal justice policies broadly impact everything from voter turnout and engagement, to serving on juries, participating in popular protests, census data, and the way officials draw legislative districts. The result is the disengagement, disenfranchisement, and disempowerment of residents of these communities, many of whom have never had direct contact with law enforcement or the criminal justice system.
Charitable Choices: The Need for a Uniform Nonprofit Limited Liability Company Act (UNLLCA)
Authors: Smith Kenya
Published: May 2022

Uniform laws serve an important role in our society, balancing state autonomy and the need to provide consistent solutions to common problems among the states. The Uniform Law Commission (ULC) is the preeminent authority that promulgates uniform laws. To date, the ULC has promulgated over 150 uniform and model acts. ULC tackles a wide array of issues, including child custody and protection, probate, electronic records, and commercial law. The ULC aims to “provide[ ] states with non-partisan, well-conceived and well-drafted legislation that brings clarity and stability to critical areas of state statutory law.”
Think of the Children: Using IIED to Reformulate Disturbing Speech Restrictions
Authors: Jolly Richard
Published: May 2022

The Colorado State Court of Appeals recently upheld an injunction restricting public displays of aborted fetuses. The court held that the restriction passed strict scrutiny because the state had a compelling interest in protecting children from the psychological harm of “disturbing images” and the injunction was narrowly tailored. This marked the first time an injunction had been upheld on this rationale. This Note critiques that holding and others. It contends that while some federal and state courts have recognized the interest in protecting the psychological wellbeing of children from disturbing speech as compelling, the interest is not supported by precedent. It then argues that courts have formulated the interest with a breadth that is flawed and antithetical to the First Amendment. It concludes by proposing that the state’s interest in protecting children from disturbing speech should be reformulated in the mold of intentional infliction of emotional distress.
When Children Object: Amplifying an Older Child’s Objection to Termination of Parental Rights
Authors: Pattison Brent
Published: May 2022

Each year, thousands of children become wards of the state when a court terminates the legal rights of their parents. Between 2010 and 2014, more than 307,000 children lost their legal relationships to their parents in Termination of Parental Rights (TPR) proceedings. A growing percentage of child welfare cases involve older children. At the same time, too many young people lose their legal relationships with their parents without a family waiting to adopt them. The stakes are high for children in TPR cases; nonetheless, many children—even older children—cannot meaningfully participate in proceedings. Moreover, TPR cases threaten parents’ and children’s rights to familial association. Nonetheless, courts have struggled with how to incorporate the perspectives of older children in TPR cases. Children infrequently attend court proceedings, and the court may receive competing narratives regarding the child’s position. Children are not always represented by lawyers in TPR proceedings, and when they do have legal representation, it may only be by a guardian ad litem (GAL) who presents her position on what is in the child’s best interests, rather than advocating for what the child actually wants. This Article explores how courts should address an older child’s objection to TPR and ensure meaningful consideration of the child’s perspective. A small minority of states give courts the discretion to decline to terminate parental rights when an older child objects to termination. In states with such an exception, how should courts handle older children’s perspectives? What is the proper weight to give an objection? How should courts decide whether to terminate parental rights when an older child objects? This Article addresses these questions in three parts. First, the Article describes the state statutes that create exceptions to TPR when an older child objects and analyzes the case law relating to those exceptions. Second, the Article outlines why consideration of a child’s objection makes sense from legal and social work perspectives, especially in light of our current understanding of child development and legal decision-making in other contexts. Finally, the Article argues that states should adopt a hybrid version of the objections to termination currently in place in Virginia and Iowa. It also considers concerns of practical implementation.
The Firing Squad as "A Known and Available Alternative Method of Execution" Post-Glossip
Authors: Denno Deborah
Published: May 2022

This Article does not address the medical debate surrounding the role of midazolam in executions; the problems associated with using the drug have been persuasively argued elsewhere. Nor does it question the soundness of the Glossip Court’s “alternative method of execution” requirement. Rather, this Article’s proposed reform is a constitutionally acceptable alternative that meets the Glossip Court’s standard, rendering moot—at least for the purposes of the following discussion—very real concerns regarding the validity of that dictate. Part I of this Article pinpoints several areas where the Glossip Court goes wrong in glaringly inaccurate or misleading ways, given the vast history and literature on execution methods and their changes from the nineteenth century through the start of the twenty-first century. Part II analyzes the Court’s “known and available alternative method of execution” standard as defined by both the majority opinion and Justice Sonia Sotomayor’s dissent. Part III proposes that the firing squad is the most viable “known and available alternative” that meets the delineations, however meager, outlined by the Court. Indeed, the firing squad is the only current form of execution involving trained professionals, and it delivers a swift and certain death.
The Incremental Retributive Impact of a Death Sentence Over Life Without Parole
Authors: Radelet Michael
Published: May 2022

In this paper, the author takes a closer look at retribution, which is the primary justification for the death penalty today in the United States and the main component of the additional punishment imposed by the death penalty over and above life imprisonment without parole (LWOP). While all criminal punishments, to varying degrees, punish both the inmate and his or her family, this paper argues that the death penalty’s added punishment over LWOP often punishes the family just as much as the inmate, and after the execution the full brunt of the punishment falls on the family. This added impact disproportionately punishes women and children. The data comes from work with scores of death row inmates and their families over the past thirty-five years, including sharing “last visits” with approximately fifty of the inmates. The family members have not been convicted of any capital offense, so in this sense the death penalty punishes the innocent just as much as it punishes the guilty.
Efectos disposicionales y del desorden normativo sobre la violación a la norma social de no mentir
Authors: Duarte Barroso Juan , Quiroz Estrada Karen Andrea del Carmen , Cruz Torres Christian Enrique
Published: May 2022

El objetivo fue contrastar la Teoría de la Conducta Planeada (TCP) y los modelos de contagio social de la trasgresión entre diferentes normas. Se midieron los componentes de la TCP hacia la norma de no mentir, y la trasgresión percibida de otras normas sociales en el vecindario (e. g., tirar basura en la calle) en 385 participantes. Regresiones lineales y modelos de trayectorias muestran un funcionamiento adecuado de la TCP, aunque con baja capacidad predictiva de la conducta de mentir. La trasgresión de diferentes normas en el vecindario incrementó la predicción de la trasgresión a la norma de no mentir, apoyando la hipótesis del contagio entre diferentes normas. Se discuten la vigencia de la TCP, la necesidad de una extensión experimental y las implicaciones sociales del contagio de la trasgresión de normas.
Propuesta didáctico-tecnológica para el estudio de la flauta dulce en educación primaria
Authors: Bravo Fuentes Paloma
Published: May 2022

Recorder is used as an instrument in Primary Education centers. The students have a weekly group session of 60 minutes, making it difficult to individualize learning due to the high relationship and the little time available. Students learn outside the center with the responsibility of advancing alone in their study. For this reason, a digital tool is proposed as a complement to the teaching-learning process of the instrument, which offers the possibility of listening, showing a score, recording and defining the mistakes made, both to the students and to the teacher. In this way, the students will have a guide in their study outside the educational field and, the teacher, feedback of the learning process of each individual. This proposal has been included in an educational context, evaluating the results with a Primary Education group, showing improvements in the teaching-learning process of the students. This lies in an optimization of the time used by the students in their study as well as for the teacher, at the beginning of the class knowing the mistakes they make. Thanks to these collected data, information unknown until now, changes the traditional teaching method of the recorder.
Providing optimal care for active youth in Canada
Authors: Purcell Laura , Campos Sarah , Dickinson Michael , Thompson Graham , Jevremovic Tatiana
Published: May 2022

Sports are important activities for youth, with millions of children and adolescents participating in organized sports and recreational activities every year. Sports participation has many benefits but can also cause injuries, accounting for two-thirds of all injuries in Canadian adolescents and resulting in hundreds of thousands of medical visits annually. Despite the frequency of sports-related injuries in youth, many practising pediatricians are not comfortable managing these issues, citing a lack of teaching and clinical exposure during training.  Many studies have found deficits in musculoskeletal (MSK) and sport and exercise medicine (SEM) training in residency programs in North America, including Canadian pediatric residency programs. To address this learning gap, Canadian pediatric residency programs should incorporate more MSK/SEM training and clinical exposure to these issues.  A standardized national curriculum in MSK/SEM will help ensure that community pediatricians practicing in Canada are adequately prepared to care for active youth.
Influences of Economic Capital, Cultural Capital and Social Capital on Asian High School Students’ Academic Achievement
Authors: Hee Park Kyung , Shuhan Li
Published: May 2022

This study aims to explore the influences of various family capital on the academic achievement of Asian high school students. To this end, we constructed a structural equation model with economic capital, cultural capital, and social capital on academic achievement, and 215 students participated in cluster sampling. The findings confirmed that high school students’ academic achievement was significantly influenced by social capital among the various capital acquired from their families. Moreover, there were significantly different trends according to the economic capital level, and individual efforts to learning engagement could not surpass the family capital in specific groups. Therefore, this study suggested paying attention to alternatives to overcome economic capital in terms of opportunity equality. Moreover, it should be considered that sufficient emotional exchanges within the family, as small network units of society, have diffuse potential influences.

 

Received: 9 March 2022 / Accepted: 17 April 2022 / Published: 5 May 2022
ICT Competence of Pre-service Teachers in Vietnam: Structure and Impact Model
Authors: Thai Hung Le , Kim Thoa Dinh Thi , Phuong Lien Vu , Phuong Vy Nguyen Thi
Published: May 2022

Information and Communication Technology (ICT) has created ample distance learning opportunities during the Covid-19 pandemic. That also makes a requirement for transformation in education and teacher training. ICT competence is considered a part of pre-service teachers' professional competencies that apply technology in teaching and assessing students. This study aimed to determine the ICT competence level of student teachers by using ICT self-assessment surveys and find out the factors that affect student competence. The ICT competence structure was built based on four ICT skills frameworks containing 05 components: Using computers, using teaching and assessment applications, Using Internet resources, using peripheral devices, Communicating on an online platform. 289 pre-service teachers have participated in the survey. They self-assessed their ICT competence and answered the questionnaire about their training activities at university. The data was analyzed using the PLS-SEM method and found the positive impacts of infrastructure and learning activities on pre-service teachers' ICT competence.

 

Received: 8 February 2022 / Accepted: 29 March 2022 / Published: 5 May 2022