bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Lire et interpréter les rôles des personnages pour comprendre les récits
Authors: Schmehl-Postaï Annette , Huchet Catherine
Published: June 2018

La contribution propose l’analyse d’un débat interprétatif qui a lieu en fin de séquence de lecture littéraire avec des élèves âgés de 8-9 ans. La compréhension du texte littéraire étant intimement attachée au concept de personnage, il importe, dans une perspective didactique, de développer des compétences de lecture visant à identifier les personnages, à définir leurs problèmes, ainsi qu’à évaluer les solutions que ces derniers trouvent. Afin d’analyser le travail interprétatif des élèves, le concept des « trois rôles du personnage » devient un outil heuristique et explicatif. Il permet de mettre en lumière trois plans de l’intrigue, des figures et des valeurs caractéristiques pour le récit ; ce qui peut aider à identifier et interpréter la nature des obstacles de compréhension que les élèves rencontrent quand le monde du lecteur et celui du texte entrent en conflit.
Les fonctions du personnage dans le rappel de récit
Authors: Danset Marie-Laëtitia , Dulhoste Ludivine
Published: June 2018

Cette contribution consacrée à la question du personnage décrit un dispositif d’enseignement de la compréhension, mis en œuvre dans une classe de Moyenne section d’école maternelle, autour de l’album Atchoum Popo ! de Kimiko. À l’issue du travail mené, les élèves font un rappel de récit de ce qu’ils ont retenu et compris de l’histoire. L’étude analyse dès lors le corpus recueilli, en s’interrogeant sur la manière dont les élèves utilisent le personnage dans leurs rappels de récit, mais aussi comment ils le désignent et le reconstruisent. L’ensemble s’appuie sur les travaux de N. Blanc qui permettent d’observer le niveau de structuration du récit et la représentation mentale de l’histoire opérée par les élèves, et sur ceux d’Y. Reuter qui propose une approche didactique centrée sur les critères permettant d’analyser le personnage comme marqueur typologique et comme organisateur textuel.
Le personnage ne « vaut » -il que par les émotions qu’il éprouve ?
Authors: Bourhis Véronique
Published: June 2018

L’étude, d’essence qualitative, interroge le rôle des émotions dans la construction du récit et plus particulièrement du personnage à l’école maternelle. Après avoir montré que la littérature scientifique s’accorde sur le rôle de l’émotion dans le développement cognitif du sujet, l’analyse porte sur un dispositif didactique constitué de deux modules : le premier relevant de l’enseignement du lexique des émotions ; le second d’une séance de lecture-compréhension. L’étude envisage ensuite le rôle du corps et de la perception dans la cognition, et particulièrement la place qui lie affect et acte de langage dans une construction située de l’émergence du sens, en lien avec le paradigme de l’énaction. L’analyse met en évidence le rôle central des émotions chez les jeunes enfants dans la construction de la représentation des personnages, et corrobore la thèse selon laquelle les évènements narrés sont interprétés en fonction de la manière dont ils résonnent émotionnellement dans l’esprit du lecteur.
Le journal de personnage ou l’art de se mettre « dans la peau » d’un autre
Authors: Larrivé Véronique
Published: June 2018

Après avoir expliqué comment les théories de la fiction et la découverte des phénomènes d’empathie fictionnelle ont radicalement modifié la manière d’appréhender le rôle du personnage dans la lecture et par voie de conséquence dans l’enseignement de la littérature, l’article présente le dispositif didactique appelé « Journal de personnage », qui propose d’accompagner la lecture de fictions narratives par des écritures en « je » fictif obligeant l’élève à se mettre mentalement « dans la peau » du personnage. L’étude montre comment les écrits demandés dans le journal de personnage, en lui imposant de se représenter les états mentaux des personnages, aident les élèves à mieux comprendre le récit. Elle montre également que le passage par le « je » fictif lui permet conjointement d’exercer et de renforcer leur compétence fictionnelle, c’est-à-dire leur capacité à s’immerger dans la fiction, et que la réflexion suscitée en eux, par la médiation du personnage, peut les aider à se construire comme sujet.
Le résumé imaginaire : des personnages en quête d’œuvres
Authors: Gelard Xavier , Lewi Olivia
Published: June 2018

L’article expose la mise en place d’un exercice d’investigation littéraire, le résumé imaginaire, pouvant s’inscrire dans l’objet d’étude de Première « Le personnage de roman du XVII e siècle à nos jours ». L’exercice, qui consiste à soumettre des titres d’œuvres réelles à des élèves sans qu’ils les aient lues et leur demander d’en imaginer le contenu afin de produire un résumé, s’est révélé, dans les classes où il a été mis en place, une source de renseignements sur le rôle qu’assignent intuitivement les élèves au personnage et à sa fonction dans l’élaboration textuelle.
Construire la notion de personnage de roman par une approche énonciative
Authors: Belhadjin Anissa
Published: June 2018

La notion de personnage est l’une des plus accessibles de la fiction, tant la présence du personnage est essentielle au récit de fiction ; mais, dans ce cadre, sa définition peut se confondre avec celle de la « personne ». Pourtant, loin d’être une entité autonome, le personnage est davantage un « effet » produit par le texte sur le lecteur, qui l’actualise et lui donne une épaisseur. À travers l’étude de cette notion de personnage, l’article montre comment les théories narratologiques contemporaines, malgré leur dynamisme dans le champ de la poétique, sont aujourd’hui largement ignorées des programmes officiels, des manuels et des enseignants, bien qu’elles permettent précisément de mieux construire la notion en revenant sur l’approche narratologique classique du point de vue. Dans un premier temps, une approche des travaux sur la question du personnage est proposée, puis l’étude analyse comment se construit énonciativement « l’effet-point de vue », fondé sur des indices linguistiques.
Rôles du personnage dans les romans historiques pour la jeunesse
Authors: Finet Béatrice
Published: June 2018

À partir de l’analyse des personnages présents dans un corpus choisi de récits historiques pour la jeunesse (portant sur différentes périodes historiques antérieures au XX e siècle) recommandés pour les cycles 3 et 4 de l’école et du collège, nous montrerons que ces personnages – miroirs des lecteurs auxquels ils sont adressés – jouent sur la séduction et l’empathie, sont au service de l’enrôlement des lecteurs dans le livre, mais ne permettent ni la mise à distance nécessaire à la réflexion, ni l’apprentissage de l’histoire puisqu’ils sont déshistoricisés et interchangeables. Dès lors, si l’on souhaite que, conformément aux programmes officiels, l’apprentissage de la lecture littéraire soit mené à bien, notamment grâce aux personnages et aux valeurs présents dans ces ouvrages, il semble important d’interroger les corpus d’œuvres proposés aux enseignants.
De quelques usages des personnages dans des séances de lecture au Cours préparatoire
Authors: Fradet-Hannoyer Marthe
Published: June 2018

Cet article vise à saisir la place et la fonction des personnages dans des séances de lecture au Cours préparatoire dans la classe d’une professeure des écoles débutantes. L’enseignante a choisi de travailler avec sa classe autour de la lecture de L’Histoire du lion qui ne savait pas écrire de M. Baltscheit et M. Boutavant et Papa coq de J.-C. Sarrazin. Ces deux récits mettent en scène des personnages engagés dans des parcours identitaires dont on peut supposer qu’ils résonnent avec ceux des jeunes lecteurs. L’apprentissage du langage, qu’il soit écrit ou oral, est également au cœur des enjeux de ces deux albums, comme il l’est dans la classe. L’analyse de l’activité, développée dans le cadre d’une double approche didactique et ergonomique, permet de décrire les tensions à l’œuvre entre ce que l’enseignante pense devoir faire, ce qu’elle fait effectivement et ce que font ses élèves. La coexistence des enjeux identitaires et cognitifs des lectures, investies de manière différente par l’enseignante et les élèves, mais également le rapport qu’elle entretient avec la lecture et son enseignement, constituent autant de facteurs qui entrent en jeu dans l’élaboration de l’activité de l’enseignante.
Loup y es-tu ? Promenons-nous dans les bois littéraires en école primaire Suisse romande
Authors: Lebrun Marlène , Schindelholz Aeschbacher Émilie
Published: June 2018

En tant que figure incontournable de la littérature de jeunesse, le personnage du loup est choisi par tou.te.s les enseignant.e.s du primaire d’une ville jurassienne en Suisse romande, dans le cadre d’un projet pédagogique d’établissement qui a duré huit mois. Trois axes sont développés : i) l’analyse du corpus littéraire choisi et fédéré par le personnage du loup ; ii) l’analyse des pratiques d’enseignement-apprentissage mises en jeu dans le projet pédagogique à travers quelques productions préparées pour La Nuit du loup et révélant les représentations du personnage loup construites par les enseignant.e.s ; iii) l’évolution de la construction du personnage « loup » chez les élèves une année après La Nuit du loup .
Le philosophe en entreprise, « un drôle d’animal »
Authors: Brière Thibaud , Janand Anne , Maizeray Lidwine
Published: June 2018

A partir d’un dialogue avec le « Délégué à la philosophie de l’organisation » d’un groupe industriel français, cet article vise à comprendre en quoi peut consister aujourd’hui une fonction se revendiquant comme philosophique dans une entreprise. Le dialogue de deux chercheurs en gestion avec un « philosophe en entreprise » s’efforce de comprendre l’utilité, mais aussi les ambiguïtés dans l’identité du philosophe en entreprise. Pris entre la double exigence de dire la vérité et de satisfaire son employeur, le philosophe en entreprise se révèle être un « un drôle d’animal », à la fois consultant, coach et sophiste, manipulé et manipulateur. In fine , il se révèle plutôt comme semblable au « taon » décrit dans l’ Apologie de Socrate , piquant de ses constats ses interlocuteurs pour les tenir éveillés.
L’impact du capital social familial sur la gouvernance de l’entreprise familiale tunisienne
Authors: Mesfar Salma , Ben Kahla Karim
Published: June 2018

Cet article a pour objet de savoir dans quelle mesure le capital social familial, à travers ses trois dimensions (structurelle, relationnelle, cognitive), peut influencer le système de gouvernance des entreprises familiales. Pour ce faire, une étude empirique par questionnaire a été réalisée auprès de 35 dirigeants d’entreprises familiales tunisiennes. Les résultats des analyses de régressions multiples ont montré que la dimension structurelle du capital social familial a un effet positif et significatif sur l’adoption de deux mécanismes de gouvernance à savoir la confiance basée sur l’identification et l’incitation monétaire et de court terme. Les deux autres dimensions n’ont pas de pouvoir explicatif significatif. Les conclusions devraient être relativisées dans la mesure où l’étude est menée dans un contexte national particulier.
Contribution à l’étude de la perception de la performance sociale en EHPAD
Authors: Saboune Khaled , Montargot Nathalie , Puig Elodie
Published: June 2018

Les réformes successives du secteur sanitaire et social incitent les établissements à réduire leurs coûts, augmenter leur efficience économique et apporter une amélioration continue de la qualité de la prise en charge des usagers. Les nouvelles pratiques managériales, par le changement qu’elles induisent, peuvent impacter le bien-être au travail des salariés. Cette recherche entend alors examiner la perception de la performance sociale en Etablissement d’hébergement pour personnes âgées dépendantes (EHPAD). Les résultats de l’enquête qualitative menée dans un EHPAD à but lucratif révèlent les difficultés liées à la notion de performance sociale : absence de communication entre salariés et encadrants, manque de reconnaissance, clivage et manque de solidarité entre équipes, stress, conditions de travail difficiles, intensification du travail, conflits de valeurs. L’amélioration de la performance sociale des EHPAD nécessiterait alors l’amélioration des relations d’emploi et de management et la création d’espaces de de discussions ordinaires.
Identité de genre et intention entrepreneuriale des étudiants camerounais
Authors: Tchagang Emmanuel , Tchankam Jean-Paul
Published: June 2018

Fondé sur la distinction entre le sexe et le genre, l’objet de cette recherche est de montrer que l’identité de genre des individus, construite à partir des stéréotypes de genre, influence leurs intentions de devenir entrepreneurs. 647 étudiant(e)s de l’Université de Yaoundé II ont renseigné la version camerounaise de Bem Sex Role Inventory comprenant 13 échelles masculines, 09 échelles féminines et indiqué leurs intentions entrepreneuriales. L’analyse des résultats montre que l’intention entrepreneuriale des sujets « typés masculins » n’est pas significativement plus forte que celle des sujets « typés féminins » et des sujets « androgynes » ; au contraire, ce sont ces « sujets androgynes » qui manifestent plus d’intention entrepreneuriale que les sujets sexuellement typés et les sujets « non-différenciés ». Ces résultats suggèrent que la prochaine génération d’entrepreneurs a une perception plus équilibrée, à la fois masculine et féminine, de l’entrepreneuriat.
De l’expertise à l’audace : comprendre les représentations pour développer les talents
Authors: Terramorsi Patrice , Fabiani Thierry , Albertini Thérèse
Published: June 2018

Face à un environnement qualifié de « volatile, incertain, complexe et ambigu » (Church & Silzer, 2014), les talents apparaissent pour les organisations, comme des ressources essentielles (Deloitte, 2010, CIPD, 2015 ; ANDRH, 2017). Or, de quelle forme de talent parle-t-on ? Qu’attend-on réellement d’eux ? De l’analyse des représentations au choix des actions, cet article propose une approche contingente du management des talents. L’objectif est de permettre aux porteurs de projets de clarifier leurs représentations et d’adapter en conséquence leurs pratiques afin d’atteindre leurs buts. Dans un premier temps, à partir d’une revue de la littérature, une proposition d’analyse réflexive sera exposée. Puis, celle-ci sera appliquée au cas du Diplôme d’Université « Manager Entrepreneur », dispositif expérimental de management des talents proposé par l’Université de Corse. Des entretiens conduits auprès des dirigeants de 9 entreprises partenaires du projet permettront de révéler les accommodements développés. En conclusion, les limites et les apports de cette proposition seront interrogés, et des perspectives de recherche seront esquissées.
De l’audace à l’ouverture au changement des étudiants en école de commerce : une approche de l’intention entrepreneuriale par les valeurs personnelles
Authors: Maâlaoui Adnane , Mejri Chiraz Aouina , Ben Lahouel Béchir , Bertrand Gaël
Published: June 2018

Le présent travail cherche à mettre en évidence l’impact des valeurs personnelles et notamment l’ouverture au changement des étudiants en Business School sur la formation de l’intention entrepreneuriale. Une étude auprès de 273 étudiants poursuivant un programme bachelor et master au sein d’une Business School a été menée. Les résultats de la régression hiérarchique (OLS) et du calcul des effets marginaux démontrent les effets directs de l’ouverture au changement sur l’intention entrepreneuriale (IE) des étudiants et leur audace entrepreneuriale. Cette ouverture, traduite par l’hédonisme et la recherche de sensations, amènerait les étudiants à prendre leur distance avec leur entourage proche et à rechercher une forme d’indépendance et d’autonomie.
Les vecteurs individuels et organisationnels de l’audace du collaborateur
Authors: Moretti Romain
Published: June 2018

L’incertitude environnementale transforme les rapports entre l’organisation et ses membres, elle redéfinit les actions valorisées par l’entité. Oser aller là où les autres ne vont pas, dépasser le conformisme, tolérer le risque avec prudence et lucidité, etc. voilà désormais les perspectives de la réussite. Cet article souhaite identifier les déterminants individuels et organisationnels de l’audace du collaborateur, afin d’introduire ce concept dans la littérature en sciences de gestion.
The impact of leverage on investment decisions for South African firms with different growth opportunities
Authors: Mondosha Miriam , Majoni Akios
Published: June 2018

Research has documented a significant relationship between financial leverage and investment decisions, however divergent views exist about whether this relationship is explained by the underinvestment hypothesis or the overinvestment hypothesis. This study examines the relationship between financial leverage and investment decisions for firms with different growth opportunities, it is based on a sample of 51 industrial sector firms listed on the Johannesburg Stock Exchange (JSE), South Africa, over the period from 2008 to 2014. Using panel data and after controlling for heterogeneity across firms, we report a negative relationship between leverage and investment. However, the relationship is significant for firms with high growth opportunities and insignificant for firms in the low growth category. The results support the underinvestment theory that debt overhang reduces the incentives of firms exploiting valuable opportunities.
Diabetes mellitus: A review of some of the prognostic markers of response to treatment and management
Authors: Agu Kingsley C.
Published: June 2018

Background: The WHO defined ‘diabetes mellitus’ (DM) as a metabolic disorder characterised by chronic hyperglycaemia with disturbances of carbohydrate, fat and protein metabolism resulting from the defect in insulin secretion, or inaction, or both. When not identified early and controlled, acute and chronic life-threatening consequences may result. Identifying DM early for treatment and management, as well as clinically monitoring recovery and improvement during treatment, involves the assessments of biomarkers. The types, choice, sensitivity and descriptive information trends of these biomarkers are very important. Aim: Some prognostic biomarkers and parameters that this review identified include glycated haemoglobin, white blood cells, mean neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio, total leukocytes and neutrophils, plasma low-density lipoprotein, high-density lipoprotein and very low-density lipoprotein, platelet, fibrinogen, D-dimer and C-reactive proteins. Results: These parameters display increases in DM, while red blood cell, haemoglobin concentration, activated partial thromboplastin time, prothrombin time and partial thromboplastin time are decreased. Conclusion: With sound knowledge of the variations of these markers and parameters, observed reversal during treatment and management of DM and its complications can be better monitored, and guided decisions can be made.
A blueprint for data-based English reading literacy instructional decision-making
Authors: Nel Carisma
Published: June 2018

Making decisions about English reading instruction is as core a component to teaching as providing the instruction itself. When providing support to learners at risk for poor reading outcomes, for which currently there is a large percentage in South Africa, it is especially important to ensure that the decisions that are made have the highest likelihood of accuracy as possible and they lead to improving those reading outcomes. The learners with the greatest needs require the most accurate and effective decisions. Now more than ever, effective use of reading literacy assessment data to plan and critically review instruction is a fundamental competency for good teaching. The purpose of this article is to provide districts, schools and teachers with a blueprint for data-based English reading literacy instructional decision-making at a system-wide level.
An Array of Multielectrodes for Locating, Visualizing, and Quantifying Stray Current Corrosion
Authors: Wang Ke , Varela Facundo Bob , Tan Mike Yongjun
Published: June 2018

An array of multielectrode corrosion probes, designed based on a series of coupled wire beam electrodes (WBEs), has been devised as a new tool for locating, visualizing, and quantifying the effects of stray currents on buried pipeline corrosion. It has been demonstrated in laboratory simulation experiments that this WBE probe array is capable of detecting stray current corrosion affected sites along a pipeline, visualizing stray current corrosion patterns and corrosion rates, and evaluating the efficiency of cathodic protection against stray current corrosion. Based on these results, two applications of this WBE probe array have been proposed for stray current corrosion survey and monitoring.
Proceedings of the Fourth International American Moroccan Agricultural Sciences Conference - AMAS Conference IV, May 9-11, 2018, Meknes, Morocco
Authors: Kassem Abdelmajid , Walters Alan , Midden Karen , Meksem Khalid
Published: June 2018

The International American Moroccan Agricultural Sciences Conference (AMAS Conference; www.amas-conference.org) is an international conference organized by the High Council of Moroccan American Scholars and Academics (HC-MASA; www.hc-masa.org) in collaboration with various universities and research institutes in Morocco. AMAS IV was held on May 9-11, 2018 in Meknes, Morocco. The current proceedings summarizes abstracts from 73 oral presentations and 168 posters that were presented during AMAS Conference IV.
Front Matter
Authors: Tax Review Pittsburgh
Published: June 2018

Front Matter
What Role Can Desert Play in Designing Tax Policies?
Authors: Sheffrin Steven M.
Published: June 2018

What Role Can Desert Play in Designing Tax Policies?
The Expatriation Tax, Deferrals, Mark to Market, the Macomber Conundrum and Doubtful Constitutionality
Authors: Ordower Henry
Published: June 2018

The Expatriation Tax, Deferrals, Mark to Market, the Macomber Conundrum and Doubtful Constitutionality
Learning the Hard Way: Deciphering the Correct Tax Treatment of Graduate Education Benefits for University Faculty
Authors: Hodaszy Steven Z. , Krivacek Gregory J.
Published: June 2018

Learning the Hard Way: Deciphering the Correct Tax Treatment of Graduate Education Benefits for University Faculty
Reflections of Past Editors-in-Chief Regarding Their Service on the Pittsburgh Tax Review
Authors: The Pittsburgh Tax Review (2003-18) Editors in Chief of
Published: June 2018

Reflections of Past Editors-in-Chief Regarding Their Service on the Pittsburgh Tax Review
Thank Hefner Erectile Dysfunction is a Medical Condition: A Period Piece
Authors: Gamble Jarvi Gwenyth S.
Published: June 2018

Thank Hefner Erectile Dysfunction is a Medical Condition: A Period Piece
Leave It to the Feds – Eliminate the State And Local Income Tax: Proposing a Move Toward a Single-Layer Income Tax System
Authors: Eachambadi Shriram T.
Published: June 2018

Leave It to the Feds – Eliminate the State And Local Income Tax: Proposing a Move Toward a Single-Layer Income Tax System
Chicago Citizens Unamused by Chicago's Expanded Amusement Tax
Authors: Santoro Danielle
Published: June 2018

Chicago Citizens Unamused by Chicago's Expanded Amusement Tax
Reversing the Trend of Educational Disparity in West Africa
Authors: Bolaji Stephen Dele , Jalloh Sullay , Imonitie Bisi , Walon-Jalloh Abdulai
Published: June 2018

This study was an outcome of research report on closing the gap of educational disparities in two West Africa countries (Nigeria and Sierra Leone). Both countries were among the 155 countries that agreed at the World Conference on ‘Education for All’ in Jomtien (1990), to make primary education accessible to all children and to massively reduce illiteracy before the end of the decade. There has been little demonstrated success since the implementation of the UBE program over a decade ago. Findings from the analysed data collected through document analysis and interview with thirty bureaucrats in the capital Territories of the two countries revealed that more than eight million children of school age (six to 15 years) are still not in school in Nigeria (Bolaji, Campbell-Evans and Gray, 2016;  NUT, 2008; UENSCO, 2006; World Bank, 2007, UBEC, 2004), and over  28% of school-aged children are out of school and those children that have dropped out of school are engaged in domestic and economic slavery in Sierra Leone(World Bank Report, 2014; UNICEF Report, 2009; 2015). Meeting the United Nations (UN) Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), which aim to achieve compulsory universal basic education for all children 2050, is in serious doubt in both countries because of the issue of implementation. This study advocates regional managerialism of education as alternative approach to achieving education for all in 2050.
Relation of Lecturer’s Competency, Motivation and Utilization of Information and Communication Technologies to Job Satisfaction and Performance
Authors: M. Mirfan , Umar Gani H. Mursalim , Serang Serlin , Arifin H. Zaenal
Published: June 2018

The purpose of this study was to analyze the relation of competency, motivation and utilization of information and communication technologies (ICT) on job satisfaction and lecturer’s performance at five College of informatics management and computer technique in Makassar. This study uses survey data collection Cross section through a questionnaire. As many as 285 lecturers are eligible to be population and determination of a sample of 160 respondents using the formula Slovin. Data from the questionnaires were analyzed using Structural Equation Model (SEM) with AMOS assistance. The results found that the competence, motivation and utilization of ICT positive and significant effect on job satisfaction and lecturer performance. Job satisfaction has a positive and significant effect on the lecturer’s performance. Competence, motivation and ICT have a positive and significant effect on lecturer’s performance through job satisfaction.
Understanding Women’s Experience in Graduate Mathematics Through a Focused Identity Lens
Authors: Hodge Lynn Liao , Riva Lauren Wagener
Published: June 2018

Despite relatively equal proportions of boys and girls enrolled in STEM courses during grade school, women are significantly underrepresented in STEM degrees and occupations around the world (Hill, Corbett, and St. Rose, 2010). The field of mathematics reflects this trend. Our focus in this article is on three women graduate students in mathematics at a University in the Southeastern United States. In particular, we were interested in their identities that include their perspective on the graduate program. Specifically, we sought to understand the norms, expectations, and resources of the social situation in which their identities were developing. As will become apparent, the three students illustrate different identities as they participated in graduate school mathematics.
Aberrant DNA Damage Response and DNA Repair Pathway in High Glucose Conditions
Authors: Amy Zhong  , Melissa Chang  , Theresa Yu  , Raymond Gau  , Daniel J. Riley  , Yumay Chen  , Phang-Lang Chen
Published: June 2018

Background: Higher cancer rates and more aggressive behavior of certain cancers have been reported in populations with diabetes mellitus. This association has been attributed in part to the excessive reactive oxygen species generated in diabetic conditions and to the resulting oxidative DNA damage. It is not known, however, whether oxidative stress is the only contributing factor to genomic instability in patients with diabetes or whether high glucose directly also affects DNA damage and repair pathways. Results: Normal renal epithelial cells and renal cell carcinoma cells are more chemo- and radiation resistant when cultured in high concentrations of glucose. In high glucose conditions, the CHK1-mediated DNA damage response is not activated properly. Cells in high glucose also have slower DNA repair rates and accumulate more mutations than cells grown in normal glucose concentrations. Ultimately, these cells develop a transforming phenotype. Conclusions: In high glucose conditions, defective DNA damage responses most likely contribute to the higher mutation rate in renal epithelial cells, in addition to oxidative DNA damage. The DNA damage and repair are normal enzyme dependent mechanisms requiring euglycemic environments. Aberrant DNA damage response and repair in cells grown in high glucose conditions underscore the importance of maintaining good glycemic control in patients with diabetes mellitus and cancer.
Early Phase I Results for 4-Demethyl-4-cholesteryloxypenclo-medine [DM-CHOC-PEN] as Therapy in Adolescent and Young Adult (AYA) Subjects with Advanced Malignancies
Authors: L.R. Morgan  , R.S. Weiner  , M.L. Ware  , M. Bhandari  , T. Mahmood  , P. Friedlander
Published: June 2018

4-Demethyl-4-cholesteryloxycarbonylpenclomedine (DM-CHOC-PEN) is a poly-chlorinated pyridine carbonate with a MOA via bis-alkylation of DNA @ N7-guanine and N4-cytosine that has completed adult clinical Phase I and II trials in individuals with malignancies involving the CNS. We report here objective clinical observations seen in a clinical Phase I DM-CHOC-PEN trial with AYA subjects that have cancer (some of which had CNS involvement). Subjects & Methods: DM-CHOC-PEN was administered as a single 3-hr IV infusion once every 21 days in escalating doses from 50 - 98.7 mg/m2 to individuals (aged 15-39 years of age) with advanced malignancies. Results: Twelve (12) AYA individuals have been treated to date (with or without CNS involvement). The drug was well tolerated with fatigue (17%) being the most common adverse effect. No neuro/cognitive, liver dysfunction, hematological, cardiac, renal or GI toxicities were observed. Pharmacokinetic profiling revealed higher AUCs for all dose levels (50-98.7 mg/m2) than had been seen previously in adults. Three (3) AYA individuals treated (1 each with NSCLC, ALL, and astrocytoma involving the CNS) have responded with CR/PR (RECIST 1.1), improved QOL/PFS (Kaplan-Meier) and OS from 8 to 35+ mos. Conclusion: DM-CHOC-PEN is safe in doses of 50-98.7 mg/m2 and produced objective responses with improved OS and manageable toxicities in AYA individuals with malignancies involving the CNS. Complete data on subject responses and observed toxicities will be presented. The data support a 3-stage mechanism for tumor cytotoxicity: entry into the CNS and into the tumor via reversible binding to RBC membranes; then transported into cancer cells with L-glutamine; and bis-alkylation as described above.
Poor Science; Poorly Trained Scientists; Poor Policies: Major Deterrents to the War on Cancer
Authors: Leslie C. Costello
Published: June 2018

Although the availability of funding has been described as the major limitation on advances in cancer, the progress in the war on cancer has been deterred mainly by poor science, poorly trained scientists, and poor NIH policies. This is the result of NIH policies of its extreme focus on molecular biology (genomics, molecular genetics, molecular biology) identification of the molecular factors and pathways; which are required for the acceptability of treatment and preventive protocols. As such, this has influenced virtually all agencies that provide grants for medical research to adopt the NIH policies. This has impacted the funding of the research as well as the focus of the training of scientists. Directors of NCI Dr. Varmus (also Nobel Prize awardee) and Dr. Zerhouni had addressed this issue; and they rejected the necessity of molecular biology studies and information. NIH should return to the holistic physiological/pathophysiological approach to studies of cancer issues. This would provide the best approach for winning the war on cancer.
Do we Need to Wake Patients up during Cortical Surgery?
Authors: Lorena Vega-Zelaya  , Rafael G. Sola  , Paloma Pulido  , Jesús Pastor
Published: June 2018

In recent years, a renewed fashion for awake surgery has appeared. In spite of its undoubted utility for scientific research, this technique has several limitations and flaws, usually not debated by parts of the scientific community. We will discuss the aims and limitations of cortical surgery, especially the points relevant to protecting the patient. These objectives should define the guidelines that direct clinical practice. We will review the awake technique as well as various tools used in intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring (IONM) to explore and monitor several cortical functions during long surgeries. The main topics discussed include electrocorticography (ECoG) and cortically recorded evoked potentials (EP), including somatosensory, visual and auditory. Later, we will discuss methods to identify and survey motor functions as motor-evoked potentials, although they are elicited trans-cranially. Finally, we will briefly discuss a promising technique to monitor some language functions in anaesthetized patients, such as cortico-cortical evoked potentials (CCEP). We will address in depth some technical questions about electrical stimulation whose full relevance are not always considered. Finally, we will discuss why, in the absence of empirical facts showing unequivocal superiority in post-surgical outcome, we have to awaken patients, especially when an alternate possibility exists without worst clinical results, as is the case for IONM.
Osteosarcoma of Cervical Spine: Report of a Case Treated with Hadrontherapy
Authors: Leonello Tacconi  , Gennaro D’acunzi  , Raffaele Fristachi  , Filippo Aquila
Published: June 2018

Sarcomas are rare tumours that commonly derive from neoplastic transformation of mesenchymal tissues. Only a small percentage of these malignancies are located in the spine. The gold standard of treatment is a multidisciplinary approach with the surgery being the most important tool. An en-bloc resection with free margins followed by radiotherapy seems to assure the best overall survival. Among the newest treatment modalities, certainly, the adrontherapy is the most interesting and promising kind of radiotherapy that uses the physical bullet properties (Bragg peak) of protons such as carbon ions to treat lesions. We present a case of a gentleman with a C2-C3 low grade osteosarcoma treated, after a biopsy tissue sample, with hadrontherapy alone. At 6 years follow up the tumour seems to be well under control.
The Origin of White Collar Criminality? – Exploring a Gene x Environment Interaction Hypothesis
Authors: Alalehto Tage
Published: June 2018

The aim for this article is the elementary question: why does white collar criminals become white collar criminals? The answer is a hypothetical syllogistic constructed hypothesis for further empirical exploration in the agenda. The hypothesis takes its point of departure in biosocial criminology, especially the gene-environment interplay, focused on white collar criminality. The hypothesis proposes a link between criminal attitudes and criminal behavior based on how biological (e.g. intergenerational heredity, MAO-A), neurological (e.g. executive functioning, cortical thickness) and social-psychological/sociological factors (e.g. peer-group, rationalizations, social stress, loss of class status) correlates to each other as a system of mechanisms.
A Note on the Area under the Gains Chart
Authors: Lloyd Chris J.
Published: June 2018

The Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) chart is well known in medicine and machine learning. In particular the area under the ROC chart measures the probability of correct selection in a two alternative forced choice (2AFC) scenario. The gains chart is closely related to the ROC curve but carries extra information about the rate at which the classifier identifies response, information that is not carried by the ROC chart. In this note, we point out that the appropriate area under the gains chart is identical to the analogous area under the ROC chart and that the gains chart is therefor to be preferred as a summary of classifier success.
Inference about the Population Kurtosis with Confidence: Parametric and Bootstrap Approaches
Authors: Jerome Guensley , Kibria B.M. Golam
Published: June 2018

This paper considers some classical and bootstrap methods in constructing confidence intervals for the kurtosis parameter of a distribution. The bootstrap techniques used are: Bias-Corrected Standard Bootstrap, Efron’s Percentile Bootstrap, Hall’s Percentile Bootstrap and Bias-Corrected Percentile Bootstrap. The performance of these estimators is compared through confidence intervals by determining the average width and probabilities of capturing the kurtosis parameter of a distribution. We observed that the parametric method works well in terms of coverage probability when data come from a normal distribution, while the bootstrap intervals struggled in constantly reaching a 95% confidence level. When sample data are from a distribution with negative kurtosis, both parametric and bootstrap confidence intervals performed well, although we noticed that bootstrap methods tend to have shorter intervals. When it comes to positive kurtosis, bootstrap methods perform slightly better than classical methods in the sense of high coverage probability. For illustration purposes, two real life health related data are analyzed.
On Extended Normal Distribution Model with Application in Health Care
Authors: Lahcene Bachioua
Published: June 2018

In this article, the normal distribution model (NDM) is extended. A introduction to a new Extended Normal Distribution (ENDM) and its derivate models used in many applications is proposed. The author proposes the new model (ENDM) which generalizes the normal distribution models. This class of ENDM approximates an unknown risk-neutral density. The paper discusses different properties of the ENDM. In particular, the applicability of the new model with three parameters in a way to justify the representation of combination of normal distributions is presented. The potential of the proposed distribution for modelling and analyzing statistical data with reference to extensive sets of observations. Statistical properties of the proposed distribution have also been studied. The findings of this work will be useful to practitioners in applied fields of health care.
Parametric Analysis of Renal Failure Data using the Exponentiated Odd Weibull Distribution
Authors: Cooray Kahadawala , Mdziniso Nonhle Channon
Published: June 2018

In this article, we analyze renal failure data from patients with mesangioproliferative glomerulonephritis (MPGN) which was modeled by [1] non-parametrically using the Kaplan-Meier curve. In their work, they showed that the clinical variables, large increase serum creatinine (LISC) and systolic blood pressure >160 mmHg (SBP>160), and morphological variables, benign nephrosclerosis present (BNP) and interstitial score group 5-6 (IS5-6) were part of the variables which indicated progression to end-stage renal failure (ESRF). Though survival curves associated with these variables may be difficult to model by existing parametric distributions in literature. Therefore, we introduce a four-parameter Odd Weibull extension, the exponentiated Odd Weibull (EOW) distribution which is very versatile in modeling lifetime data that its hazard function exhibits ten different hazard shapes as well as various density shapes. Basic properties of the EOW distribution are presented. In the presence of random censoring, a small simulation study is conducted to assess the coverage probabilities of the estimated parameters of the EOW distribution using the maximum likelihood method. Our results show that the EOW distribution is very convenient and reliable to analyze the MPGN data since it provides an excellent fit for the variables LISC, SBP>160, BNP, and IS5-6. Furthermore, advantages of using the EOW distribution over the Kaplan-Meier curve are discussed. Comparisons of the EOW distribution with other Weibull-related distributions are also presented.
Abū Ṭayyib al-Washshāʾ and the Poetics of Inscribed Objects
Authors: Klein Yaron
Published: June 2018

In Kitāb al-Muwashshā, a unique work on good manners and high-culture etiquette, al-Washshāʾ (ca. 255–325/869–937) recorded the practices of a group of courtiers and other members of the elite in Abbasid society known as the ẓurafāʾ (“the refined ones”). This group conducted itself according to a strict etiquette (ẓarf) governing dress, posture, speech, and even smell. One of the most interesting practices associated with the ẓurafāʾ is their inscribing of poetry on a variety of objects, from garments, rings, musical instruments, and wine vessels to apples and citron, even on their bodies. This paper examines the practice of inscribing poetry on objects as a unique way of “performing” poetry. In this “refined” practice, poetry was not recited aloud, but rather given a voice by virtue of its physical display in space.
Political Advice, Translation, and Empire in South Asia
Authors: Auer Blain
Published: June 2018

Works in Sanskrit that deal with governance and ethics are an important repository for moral precepts of kingship. Classic examples of this form of political advice literature, recounted through the fables of animals, are the Pañcatantra and the Hitopadeśa. In various recensions and myriad translations, these works spread throughout Asia. Authors writing in Arabic and Persian displayed a fascination for these texts, beginning significantly with the work of Ibn al-Muqaffaʿ (d. ca. 139/756) and his famous translation, Kalīla wa-Dimna. This article treats the transmission of Sanskrit advice literature in the early modern period into Persian and Rekhta. It considers how this literature was translated in the contexts of Muslim imperial and British colonial rule, and asks what it reveals about the relationship between language, knowledge, and politics in South Asia.
Women at the Margins
Authors: Goldman Sally J. Sutherland
Published: June 2018

This paper looks at Vālmīki’s use and placement of his female characters as significant markers of religious identity. It argues that Vālmīki conceptualizes and creates specific types of female figures and carefully locates the episodes in which they appear to mark specific narrative transitions and real or imagined anxiety-inducing threats to the author’s idealized world. Moreover, Vālmīki provides his audience with potential resolutions to those threats. Thus, in addition to such major figures as Sītā, Kausalyā, and Kaikeyī, characters such as Anasūyā, Śabarī, Svayaṃprabhā, and even the non-human characters Surasā and Nikumbhilā are demonstrated to have a specific and integrated function within the narrative and are argued to form part of a larger, gendered narrative frame in which the epic action occurs. Each of these characters, I contend, represents a particular level of the feminine intruding into the culture’s religious practices in an ever-increasing destabilization of the poet’s idealized vedic world or as the means for its reemergence as a stronger, more stable, and less corruptible one. Vālmīki’s creation and use of these intriguing figures provide further testament both to the author’s genius and the underlying unity of structure of his great epic.
Record of King Wu of Zhou’s Royal Deeds in the Yi Zhou shu in Light of Near Eastern Royal Inscriptions
Authors: Grebnev Yegor
Published: June 2018

This paper introduces a new reading of the “Shi fu” (Hauling of Captives), a chapter in the Yi Zhou shu (Leftover Zhou Writings) that is commonly read as an early record of the conquest of China’s first historically attested dynasty of Shang by King Wu of Zhou in the middle of the eleventh century BCE. I argue that this conventional reading does not give justice to the structural complexities of the “Shi fu” and disregards the fact that certain compositional units of the text are unrelated to the conquest event. I propose to analyze the “Shi fu” against a better studied corpus of the Near Eastern royal inscriptions where there are surprisingly similar examples of compositionally heterogeneous texts that constitute a textual celebration of successful universal kingship based on military valor. Notably, such a notion of universal kingship is largely alien to the later Chinese tradition where an emphasis is put on the kings’ reign by virtue. While there are no reasons to consider seriously the possibility of the “Shi fu” being immediately influenced by the Near Eastern inscriptions, this parallel can be explained by the structural similarity of the societies that produced them, in particular, the similarity of how royal power was understood, legitimized, and celebrated.
Seal of an Official or an Official Seal?
Authors: Graef Katrien de
Published: June 2018

This is an in-depth study of two exceptional seals impressed on tablets from late Sukkalmah-early Kidinuid Susa and Haft Tepe. Both seals have exceptionally long inscriptions in Akkadian, mentioning Išme-karāb and Inšušinak, respectively, followed by penalty and curse clauses resembling those used in the economic and legal texts and royal charters of Sukkalmah Susa. Analysis of the inscriptions implies that both seals must have been official seals, used by legal bodies during appeals to the supreme court. The Išme-karāb sealing, which mentions the deities Išme-karāb, escort of the dead to the underworld, and Inšušinak, judge of the dead, evokes divine judgement. The Inšušinak seal has a more secular and “national” character, invoking in the curse formula four important Elamite rulers, including the illustrious Šilhaha.
History of Chinese Letters and Epistolary Culture. Edited by Antje Richter
Authors: Bossler Beverly
Published: June 2018

A History of Chinese Letters and Epistolary Culture. Edited by Antje Richter. Handbuch der Orientalistik, vol. IV.31. Leiden: Brill, 2015. Pp. xx + 978. €231, $299.
Spring and Autumn Annals of Master Yan. Translated and annotated by Olivia Milburn
Authors: Pines Yuri
Published: June 2018

The Spring and Autumn Annals of Master Yan. Translated and annotated by Olivia Milburn. Sinica

Leidensia, vol. 128. Leiden: Brill, 2016. Pp. xxx + 485. €161, $193.
Antiquarianism, Language, and Medical Philology: From Early Modern to Modern Sino-Japanese Medical Discourses. Edited by Benjamin A. Elman
Authors: Boyanton Stephen
Published: June 2018

Antiquarianism, Language, and Medical Philology: From Early Modern to Modern Sino-Japanese Medical Discourses. Edited by Benjamin A. Elman. Sir Henry Wellcome Asian Studies, vol. 12. Boston: Brill, 2015. Pp. viii + 232. $135.
A Dharma Reader: Classical Indian Law. Translated and edited by Patrick Olivelle
Authors: Trautmann Thomas R.
Published: June 2018

A Dharma Reader: Classical Indian Law. Translated and edited by Patrick Olivelle. Historical Sourcebooks in Classical Indian Thought. New York: Columbia UnIversity Press, 2017. Pp. xiv + 410. $80.
The Rāmāyaṇa of Vālmīki: An Epic of Ancient India. Vol. 6: Yuddhakāṇḍa; and The Rāmāyaṇa of Vālmīki: An Epic of Ancient India. Vol. 7: Uttarakāṇḍa
Authors: Richman Paula
Published: June 2018

The Rāmāyaṇa of Vālmīki: An Epic of Ancient India. Vol. 6: Yuddhakāṇḍa. Translation and annota tion by Robert P. Goldman, Sally J. Sutherland Goldman, and Barend A. van Nooten. Introduction by Robert P. Goldman and Sally J. Sutherland Goldman. Princeton Library of Asian Translations. Princeton. Princeton University Press, 2009. Pp. 1655 + xviii. $210 (cloth), $75 (paper).

The Rāmāyaṇa of Vālmīki: An Epic of Ancient India. Vol. 7: Uttarakāṇḍa. Introduction, translation, and annotation by Robert P. Goldman and Sally J. Sutherland Goldman. Princeton Library of Asian Translations. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2017. Pp. 1522 + xxii. $175 (cloth).
Bhagavadgita: A Biography. By Richard H. Davis
Authors: Patil Urmila
Published: June 2018

The Bhagavadgita: A Biography. By Richard H. Davis. Lives of Great Religious Books. Princeton:

Princeton University Press, 2015. Pp. xii + 243. $24.95.
Reading the Mahāvaṃsa: The Literary Aims of a Theravāda Buddhist History. By Kristin Scheible
Authors: Berkwitz Stephen C.
Published: June 2018

Reading the Mahāvaṃsa: The Literary Aims of a Theravāda Buddhist History. By Kristin Scheible. South Asia across the Disciplines. New York: Columbia University Press, 2016. Pp. viii + 223. $60 (cloth).