bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Multi-scale information distillation attention network for super-resolution reconstruction of remote sensing images
Authors: Huang Bo , Wu Liaoni , Cao Yiqing , Zhong Mingen
Published: January 2025

Super-resolution (SR) is an effective and reasonable way to improve the spatial resolution of remote sensing images, which serve as an important information carriers for Earth observations. Compared to natural images, the more complex spatial distributions and more detailed ground information contained within remote sensing data place higher demands on the feature-representation ability of the model. Moreover, considering the deployment of these systems on mobile hardware, the complexity of the model is also an urgent issue. To overcome these problems, this study proposes the multi-size information distillation attention network (MSIDAN) for super-resolution reconstruction of remote sensing images. In the designed residual block, a multi-size information-distillation module is designed to distill and fuse multi-level semantic features step-by-step while reducing the number of model parameters. After this, an enhanced contrast-aware channel attention mechanism is employed to perceive high-frequency information by automatically encoding the weight values of candidate features. A large number of comparative experiments on four typical remote sensing image datasets demonstrate that MSIDAN outperforms other state-of-the-art approaches in both quantitative metrics and visual qualities. Compared to the information multi-distillation network (IMDN), MSIDAN improves the Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio (PSNR) by 0.03312 dB, 0.06031 dB, 0.05319 dB, and 0.03812 dB on the RSSCN7, WHU-RS19, NWPU VHR-10, and COWC datasets, respectively. Moreover, in comparison to other comparable CNNs-based approaches, MSIDAN achieves a more favorable balance by jointly considering SR performance and model size. This technology provides valuable support for small target measurement and opens new opportunities in the field.
Relación entre el consumo habitual de servicios de redes sociales y la salud mental de los estudiantes universitarios
Authors: Morales Padilla Laurieth Yubelis , Puello-Alcocer Elsy , Amador-Ahumada Concepción
Published: January 2025

Objetivo: Describir la relación entre el consumo habitual de servicios de redes sociales en internet y la salud mental de estudiantes universitarios. Metodología: Investigación descriptiva, transversal y correlacional. La muestra fue de 286 estudiantes universitarios de la Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud de una universidad en Montería (Córdoba, Colombia) durante 2022. Se realizó un muestreo tipo aleatorio estratificado en dos etapas. Se aplicaron encuestas y el instrumento denominado Cuestionario de Salud General de 12 ítems (GHQ-12). Se estimaron frecuencias absolutas, relativas, estadísticos chi cuadrado (p valor al 0,05) y Odds Ratio (OR). Resultados: Las redes sociales más utilizadas en internet fueron Instagram y Facebook, la mayoría de los participantes pertenecen al sexo femenino (64,3%) con edades comprendidas entre 22 y 24 años (30,4%), un 58% residía en estrato socioeconómico 1, en forma general 56,6% tiene un nivel de ingresos familiares que oscila entre 1 y 3 salarios mínimos. Pudo establecerse una relación entre el consumo habitual de servicios de redes sociales y el estado de salud mental, los resultados del GHQ-12 denota de forma prevalente la medición de salud mental deficiente (61,5%) y regular (28,7%); mientras que una proporción minoritaria (9,8%) presentó un nivel de salud mental adecuado los restantes. Conclusión: Se ha demostrado una relación entre el consumo habitual de servicios de redes sociales y el estado general de salud mental de los estudiantes. El riesgo sobre la salud mental se reduce cuando utilizan entre 1 y 3 redes sociales (OR: 0,49); en tanto que, participar en 4 o más redes triplica este riesgo (OR: 1,74).
Organização do conhecimento e estudos de gênero na ciência da informação brasileira
Authors: Vital Luciane Paula , Pinho Fabio Assis , Slomp Mariana Holub
Published: January 2025

Caracteriza estudos na Ciência da Informação brasileira que conectam gênero e/ou mulheres e Organização do Conhecimento (OC). O estudo caracteriza-se por ser exploratório, descritivo, apresentando a pesquisa bibliográfica como procedimento de coleta de dados. A busca bibliográfica foi realizada na Base de Dados de Ciências da Informação (BRAPCI) e na Biblioteca Digital Brasileira de Teses e Dissertações (BDTD). Foram analisados ​​42 trabalhos científicos, entre artigos, dissertações e teses. A primeira publicação sobre o tema na literatura analisada é de 2010, destacando-se sua incipiência, considerando que 58% das publicações são de 2017 até a atualidade. Considerando seus objetivos, a pesquisa foi categorizada nas três dimensões da ISKO-Brasil: epistemológica, aplicada, política e social. 22% das pesquisas foram categorizadas na dimensão epistemológica, 39% na dimensão aplicada e 39% na dimensão política e social. A dimensão epistemológica da OC em relação ao gênero apresenta desafios importantes, mas também oportunidades para avanços teóricos e metodológicos que podem contribuir para uma representação mais justa e inclusiva do conhecimento. A análise crítica do trabalho mostra que, embora haja progressos, ainda é incipiente para garantir que a OC seja verdadeiramente inclusiva e representativa das diversas identidades de gênero.
Exploring Natural Analgesics for Chronic Pain Management: Cannabinoids and Other Phytoconstituents
Authors: Bjørklund Geir , Oleshchuk Oleksandra , Gontova Tetiana , Klantsa Mykola , Lukanyuk Mariana , Denefil Olha , Koshovyi Оleh , Shanaida Volodymyr , Shanaida Mariia
Published: January 2025

Chronic pain lasting more than three months or persisting after normal healing
is a significant global health issue. In a healthcare system, it is crucial to ensure proper
chronic pain management. Traditional pharmacological and non-pharmacological
pain management techniques may not fully meet the requirements of physicians regarding
effectiveness and safety. Therefore, researchers are exploring natural analgesics.
Plant-based phytoconstituents show promise in relieving chronic pain associated with
various diseases. This study aims to review the latest advances in discovering natural
bioactive compounds that can help alleviate chronic pain. It discusses the pathways of
chronic pain and a multifactorial treatment strategy. It also organizes data on using plant-
derived substances, such as cannabinoids, terpenoids, phenolics, and crude extracts.
Additionally, it delves into the pharmacodynamics of cannabinoids, including their route
of administration and elimination. The review presents the results of 22 clinical trials on
various cannabinoids for pain relief. It is important to note that opioids and other alkaloids
from plants are not covered in this article due to their primary use in controlling
acute rather than chronic pain.
Unveiling the Role of SLC6A17 in Lung Adenocarcinoma: Prognosis,
Pathways, and Therapeutic Implications
Authors: Chen Ping , Li Jingbo , Wen JiFan , Li Dongbing , Li Yingjie
Published: January 2025

Background:

The role of solute carrier family 6 member 17 (SLC6A17) in
lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is unclear.

Objectives:

To address this gap in knowledge, we employed bioinformatics analysis and
experimental validation.

Methods:

This research aimed to scrutinize the expression patterns of the SLC6A17
gene across a spectrum of cancers and specifically within LUAD, utilizing data extracted from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). The correlation between SLC6A17 expression and LUAD prognosis was investigated to assess its diagnostic relevance. The study
delved into the possible regulatory mechanisms of SLC6A17, focusing on its links to immune cell infiltration and drug response in LUAD. The examination of SLC6A17 expression was extended to single-cell sequencing data in LUAD, alongside an evaluation of
the gene's genomic alterations and clinical implications within this disease context. Validation of SLC6A17 expression levels was conducted using datasets from GSE87340 and
various cell lines, employing quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRTPCR) techniques.

Results:

SLC6A17 exhibited aberrant expression in both pan-cancer and LUAD. Increased expression of SLC6A17 in LUAD patients was significantly associated with
poorer overall survival (p = 0.008), progress-free survival (p = 0.019), and disease specific survival (p = 0.030). In LUAD patients, the levels of SLC6A17 expression were
found to be a significant standalone indicator of prognosis, with a p-value of 0.031. SLC6A17 exhibited associations with various pathways, including focal adhesion, ECM receptor interaction, cell cycle, linoleic acid metabolism, pathways in cancer, and more.
SLC6A17 expression demonstrated correlations with immune infiltration in LUAD. SLC6A17 expression revealed a notably inverse relationship with several substances, including AR-42, T0901317, tubastatin A, SB52334, and amuvatinib, within the context
of LUAD. SLC6A17 was found to be significantly positively regulated in LUAD cell
lines.

Conclusions:

These findings suggest that SLC6A17 indicates the potential of a potential
prognostic biomarker and immunotherapeutic target for patients with LUAD.
Investigation of the Potential Pharmacological Substance Basis and Mechanism of Action of Xuantu Granules in Treating Diabetic Kidney Disease Based on UHPLC-Q-Exactive-HRMS and Bioinformatics
Authors: Fan Jingna , Kong Chang , Yu Bin , Wang Rong , Qi Zhenqiang
Published: January 2025

Objective:

The objective of this study is to analyze and identify the main chemical
components and blood-absorbed components of Xuantu Granules and predict their pharmacological
substance basis and mechanism in the treatment of DKD.

Methods:

A DKD rat model was established by feeding SD rats a high-fat and high-sugar diet
and administering intraperitoneal injections of streptozotocin (STZ). The therapeutic effect of
Xuantu granules was evaluated. Drug-containing serum was prepared after gavage, and the major
chemical components of Xuantu Granules and the drug-containing serum were detected using
UHPLC-Q-Exactive-HRMS. Blood-absorbed components were identified based on retention
time, mass-to-charge ratio, and MS/MS spectrum. Blood-absorbed components’ target proteins
were searched using the CTD, SwissTarget, BindingDB, and TargetNet databases. DKD disease
target genes were screened from the GEO database using WGCNA. A “bioactive blood-absorbed
component-target-disease” PPI network was constructed using Cytoscape software, and the key
clustering subnetworks were identified by MCODE plugin. GO functional analysis and KEGG
pathway enrichment analysis were performed on subnetworks.

Results:

Xuantu Granules lowered fasting blood glucose, improved renal function, reduced proteinuria,
and improved renal tissue pathological changes in DKD rats. 36 chemical components
were identified, among which 12 compounds, including β -Carboline-1-propionic acid, Morin,
Afzelin, Schizandrin, Gomisin A were identified as blood-absorbed components. Bioinformatics
analysis indicated that AKT1, TNF, TP53, IL6, SRC, IL1B, EGFR, JUN, BCL2, and CASP3
might be the main therapeutic targets. The involved pathways included the IL-17 signaling
pathway, PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, AGE-RAGE signaling pathway in diabetic complications
and so on.

Conclusion:

Xuantu Granules may exert therapeutic effects on DKD through multiple targets
and pathways.
An Outline on Benzimidazole Containing Marketed Drugs with Proton Pump Inhibitor and H1 Receptor Antagonist Activities
Authors: Tahlan Sumit , Singh Sucheta , Pandey Kailash C. , Singh Kuldeep
Published: January 2025

Heterocyclic compounds are increasingly used in medicinal chemistry because they are
the main components of many biological processes and materials. Benzimidazole remains the core
center of the heterocyclic chemical group, with essential traits such as six-five-member connected
rings and two nitrogen atoms at the 1,3 position in a six-membered benzene and five-membered imidazole-
fused ring system. Molecules with benzimidazole derivatives serve important functions as
therapeutic agents and have shown excellent results in clinical and biological research. In this comprehensive
review, we summarize marketed medications that include the benzimidazole moiety.
Here, we discuss two topics: PPIs and H1 receptor antagonists. Benzimidazole derivatives are important
in all fields because they have the same isostructural pharmacophore as that of naturally occurring
active biomolecules. While PPIs and H1 receptor antagonists are generally safe in the short
term, accumulating data suggest that their long-term use may pose concerns. This systematic review
aimed to assess global PPI use in the general population. This will help researchers, medicinal
chemists, and pharmaceutical scientists to create breakthrough benzimidazole-based drugs. This
review can help identify novel lead compounds and optimize existing benzimidazole derivatives to
improve medicinal efficacy. Benzimidazole has attracted significant interest because of its high bioavailability,
stability, and biological efficiency. This page reveals and discusses typical synthesis
processes for marketed pharmaceuticals in the benzimidazole class of scaffolds, MOA, and therapeutic
uses.
Identification of the Metabolic Characteristic of Organ Fibrosis Using
Microbial Analysis on RNA-seq Data
Authors: Wang Zitong , Wang Ping , He Guoyou , Cheng Liang , Li Tianyu , Wang Yan , Li Hong
Published: January 2025

Background::

Fibrosis refers to abnormal deposition of extracellular matrix, which
leads to organ dysfunction. Metabolic alterations, especially enhanced glycolysis and suppressed
fatty acid oxidation, are recognized as an essential pathogenic process of fibrosis. Recently, several
reports indicate that the changes in microbiota composition are associated with metabolic disorders,
suggesting microbes may contribute to organ fibrosis by regulating metabolic processes.

Method::

In this study, microbial reannotation was carried out on the RNA-seq data of fibrotic organs.
Then, the microbial composition differences among healthy and fibrotic organ samples were
determined by alpha and beta diversity analysis. Common and specific microbial markers of fibrosis
were also identified by LEfSe. After that, the correlation analysis of the characteristic microbe--
gene-functional pathway was conducted to confirm the effects of microbes on host metabolism.

Result::

The results showed that the microbial composition significantly differed between healthy
and diseased organs. Besides, the common characteristic microbes interacted closely with each
other and contributed to fibrosis through symbiosis or inhibition. The largest proportion in fibrosis
organs was Proteobacteria, which was the main source of pathogenic microbes.

Conclusion::

Further study found that the metabolic alteration driven by common and special characteristic
microbes in fibrotic organs focused on the processes related to glycolysis and fatty acid
metabolism.
Ionizing Radiation Combined with Gold Complex Compounds Causes Apoptosis in Colorectal Cancer Cells by Increasing the Level of Caspase-3
Authors: Sano Naoyuki , Yoshino Hironori , Sato Yoshiaki , Honma Hideo , Cordonier Christopher E. J. , Kashiwakura Ikuo
Published: January 2025

Background:

The anticancer activity and radiosensitizing effect of
Auranofin, an an-tirheumatic and an approved gold metallic drug, have been
investigated from multiple perspectives. In this study, the action of the new gold
complex compound TPN-Au(I)-MM4 was compared with that of auranofin.

Methods:

The inhibitory effect of 10 μM and 50 μM concentrations on cell proliferation
was investigated using the human colon cancer cell lines HCT116 and SW480. The
radiosensitizing effect of HCT116 cells was evaluated by measuring the ability to
induce apoptotic cell death. The mechanism of action was qualitatively determined via
western blotting analysis of the level of cleaved caspase-3 protein.

Results:

Auranofin completely inhibited cell proliferation in both cell lines at both
concentrations. In contrast, only 50 μM of TPN-Au(I)-MM4 significantly inhibited the
proliferation of SW480 cells, but did not affect the proliferation of HCT116 cells. On the
other hand, both compounds effectively increased the apoptotic cell death rate when
combined with 4 Gy of X-ray irradiation. This mechanism was caused by a significant
increase in the level of caspase-3, which is an apoptosis execution factor, by the
combination of these two treatments.

Conclusion:

Both compounds promoted the significant expression of caspase-3, an
apoptosis execution factor, and exhibited radio-sensitizing effects. In particular, TPNAu(
I)-MM4 showed no inhibitory effect on cell proliferation alone, but had a significant
radiosensitising effect on HCT116 cells. Therefore, TPN-Au(I)-MM4 has the potential
for use as a new radiosensitizer.
Agar-Agar Matrix-Mediated Immobilization for Enhanced Catalytic
Behavior and Stability of 1,4-α-D-Glucan Glucanohydrolase Obtained
from Halotolerant Micrococcus spp. K11
Authors: Aman Ullah Ayisha , Jamaluddin Aysha , Zohra Raheela Rahmat , Siddiqui Ayesha , Naheed Suad
Published: January 2025

Background::

Entrapment is supposed to be the most effective and simple method
among various strategies of enzyme immobilization as it preserves the original conformation and
biological activity of the enzyme with greater immobilization yield. A suitable and cost-effective
protocol for the entrapment of 1,4-α-D-glucan glucanohydrolase obtained from halotolerant Micrococcus
spp., K11 has been developed.

Objective::

The major objective of the present study was to explore halotolerant bacteria as potential
producer of 1, 4-α-D-glucan glucanohydrolase from salt mines.

Method::

A total of 11 bacterial strains were isolated and purified using the halophilic medium.
Strain K11 was selected on the basis of a large zone of starch hydrolysis. The crude enzyme extract
was utilized to entrap in agar-agar scaffolds. Kinetic studies of agar-agar entrapped 1,4-α-Dglucan
glucanohydrolase were assessed and compared with the properties of soluble enzyme.

Results::

It was observed that optimum immobilization of 1,4-α-D-glucan glucanohydrolase was attained
at 4% concentration of agar-agar. Maximum entrapped enzyme activity was noticed after
15 minutes, highlighting the 5-minute increase in free enzyme. Moreover, temperature maxima for
optimal enzyme substrate reaction were recorded to be 30°C for both immobilized and soluble
1,4-α-D-glucan glucanohydrolase, whereas pH maxima of 1,4-α-D-glucan glucanohydrolase were
shifted from 6.5 to 7.0 after entrapment. The need for optimum substrate concentration for entrapped
amylase activity was recorded to be 3% (gm), and for soluble 1,4-α-D-glucan glucanohydrolase,
2% (gm) starch was required for improved enzymatic efficacy. The reusability studies
showed that agar-agar immobilized 1,4-α-D-glucan glucanohydrolase could be consumed up to 6
repeated cycles.

Conclusion::

It is concluded that exploited features of immobilized 1,4-α-D-glucan glucanohydrolase
enhance its applicability in several industrial processes.
Study on the Role of Human Gut Microbiome in Controlling MRSA-Induced Sepsis Using Proteomics Tool
Authors: Giriraj Aditi , Bhat Apoorva , Sabat Sasmita
Published: January 2025

Background:

Sepsis is defined as the extreme response of a body to an infection, leading
to untimely death if left untreated. The human gut microbiome is characterized by the presence of
several microorganisms in the gastrointestinal tract. This study provides insight into the potential
therapeutic effects of a peptide present in the human gut microbiome that helps control sepsis.

Aim:

This study aimed to explore the therapeutic application of a peptide from Lactobacillus sp. in
the human gut microbiome as an alternative to MRSA, which causes severe, fatal diseases like sepsis.
It also elucidates the peptide-protein interactions that enhance the efficacy of infection control
and treatment.

Objectives:

We aimed to investigate the interactions between protein-peptide and protein-drug complexes
through in silico analyses.

Methods:

Molecular docking was performed using PyRx and HADDOCK tools. Next, we performed
molecular simulation studies using GROMACS v2020.6 at different physiological pH values
of 4, 6, and 7.4. Stability, compactness, and binding energies were analyzed using parameters such as RMSD, Rg, and MMPBSA, among other parameters.

Results:

We observed stability on docking between Plantaricin KL-1Y, an effective bacteriocin
from Lactobacillus plantarum (organism from gut microbiome), and PBP2a from Staphylococcus
aureus (causative organism of sepsis). This was indicated by a binding affinity of -13.4 kcal/mol,
higher than that of PBP2a-FDA-approved drug (-8 kcal/mol). The MMPBSA results of the PBP2a-
Plantaricin KL-1Y complex showed a significantly higher binding affinity at pH 7.4 of -228.451
kcal/mol in comparison to -69.5747 kcal/mol for the PBP2a-Ceftaroline fosamil complex.

Conclusion:

These results indicate the possible use of a peptide from the human gut as a potential
therapeutic agent against S. aureus infection.
Integrated Analysis of the Proteome Datasets Using the Assembled
Genome Sequence Provides New Insights into the Specialization of Shoots,
Stolons, and Rhizomes in Bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon L.)
Authors: Zhang Bing , Yuan Shuai
Published: January 2025

Introduction::

Bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon L.) simultaneously has three types of
stems: shoots, stolons, and rhizomes, which lays the basis for the fast clonal growth of this important
warm-season turfgrass species. However, the mechanisms underlying the differentiation,
growth, and development of the three types of stems remain unclear.

Methods::

In this study, the annotation information of the assembled bermudagrass genome was
used to reanalyze the mass spectrometry raw data generated in the comparative proteomics analysis
of bermudagrass shoots and stolons as well as stolons and rhizomes. One-way analysis of variance
and the Student-Newman-Keuls test was performed to identify the Differentially Expressed Proteins
(DEPs) in paired comparison of shoots versus stolons, shoots versus rhizomes, and stolons versus
rhizomes.

Results::

A total of 3190 proteins were simultaneously expressed in the three types of stems, whereas
135, 1012, and 876 DEPs were identified between shoots and stolons, shoots and rhizomes, and
stolons and rhizomes, respectively. Venn diagram analysis indicated that 23 DEPs were simultaneously
identified in the three paired comparisons. Functional enrichment analysis indicated endocytosis
and terpenoid backbone biosynthesis to be the most significantly DEP-enriched biochemical
pathways among the three types of stems.

Conclusion::

The results of this study not only provided new insights into the specialization of
shoots, stolons, and rhizomes in bermudagrass, but also pointed out the importance of high-quality
genome assembly and annotation in proteomics research.
In silico Analysis of Maize Spermidine Synthase: Detailed Insights from
Substrate Docking Studies
Authors: Eftekhari Fatemeh , Sarcheshmehpour Mehdi , Lohrasbi-Nejad Azadeh , Boroomand Naser
Published: January 2025

Introduction::

Polyamines are vital in regulating stress signaling pathways, inhibiting reactive
oxygen species, and stabilizing the photosynthetic apparatus in plants, with their levels fluctuating
under stress conditions. Among the key enzymes in polyamine biosynthesis is spermidine
synthase, which synthesizes spermidine in the presence of putrescine and S-adenosyl 3-
(methylsulfanyl) propylamine.

Methods::

This study focused on the structural analysis of the maize spermidine synthase enzyme
(SPDS-Maiz), highlighting its significance in plant stress tolerance. The enzyme's threedimensional
structure was modeled using the amino acid sequence and SWISS-MODEL, followed
by refinement with the GalaxyRefine2 web server. Molecular docking studies were performed for
its cofactor and substrate. Molecular dynamics simulations performed for 100 ns using Gromacs
software confirmed the conformational stability of the apo and holoenzyme’s structure.

Results::

The structural model showed 90.3% of its amino acids in favored areas of the Ramachandran
plot and obtained a notable score of 95.528% ERRAT. Molecular dynamics simulation confirmed
the stability of the SPDS-Maiz structure by analyzing the physical movements of atoms and
molecules. The docking studies showed that Asp226 is crucial in the interaction of putrescine and
dc-SAM with the active site of the enzyme. Additional amino acids, including Gln122, Asp207,
Ser227, Ser228, Glu236, Gln122, Asp226, Ser227, and Gln259, played a role in supporting the enzyme-
dc-SAM-putrescine complex. Putrescine (PUT) exhibited stronger van der Waals interactions
(-48.23 kcal/mol) and nonpolar solvation energy (-7.46 kcal/mol) compared to Sadenosylmethionine
(dc-SAM). However, PUT incurred higher polar solvation penalties (+134.68
kcal/mol) due to its +2 charge, whereas dc-SAM benefited from slightly lower desolvation costs.

Conclusion::

The study successfully modeled and refined the three-dimensional structure of the
SPDS-Maiz enzyme, highlighting the critical role of Asp226 and other amino acids in substrate
binding. Although dc-SAM had better electrostatic complementarity (-60.27 kcal/mol), the overall
binding free energy (-20.58 kcal/mol for PUT vs. -11.22 kcal/mol for dc-SAM) indicated that PUT
achieved stronger binding affinity, driven by its hydrophobic interactions. These findings provide
insights into how the enzyme and substrate interact and the underlying molecular mechanisms in
spermidine synthesis in plants.
High-Pressure Pathway in the Two-Stage Synthesis of 5-Amino-3-
Hydroxy-1-Phenyl-1H-Pyrazole
Authors: Grabovskii Stanislav A. , Andriyashina Nadezhda M. , Lobov Alexandr N. , Safiullin Rustam L.
Published: January 2025

5-amino-3-hydroxy-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol and 3-amino-5-hydroxy-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol are
widely used as synthons in organic and pharmaceutical chemistry. We developed a high-yield synthesis
method for 5-amino-3-hydroxy-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol using high-pressure and base catalysis,
achieving up to 80% yield. This method significantly outperforms existing techniques, which yield no
more than 39%. The synthesis was performed at pressures up to 10 katm, both in solvent-free conditions
and in the presence of solvents, such as methanol, ethanol, toluene, tert-butyl methyl ether, and
1,4-dioxane. Thermodynamic parameters of possible paths were calculated using the SMD-M06-
2X/MG3S method. Applying high pressure (7 katm) enables the solvent-free and catalyst-free synthesis
of 2-cyano-N'-phenylacetohydrazide with a yield of 96%. This compound can subsequently be
converted into 5-amino-3-hydroxy-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol with yields of up to 90% using base catalysis.
Additionally, the reaction pathways of phenylhydrazine with ethyl cyanoacetate and its anion have
been explored. These pathways are discussed in terms of thermodynamic potentials calculated using
the SMD-M06-2X/MG3S method. High pressure significantly accelerates the reaction between phenylhydrazine
and ethyl cyanoacetate, leading to the formation of 2-cyano-N'-phenylacetohydrazide.
This intermediate can then be easily converted into 5-amino-3-hydroxy-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol. Under
neutral conditions, the most favorable reaction pathway involves the attack of the terminal nitrogen of
phenylhydrazine on the carbonyl group. In the case of the ethyl cyanoacetate anion, the attack also
targets the carbonyl group, but occurs via the phenyl-substituted nitrogen.
Investigating the Risk Factors Associated with Type 1 Diabetes (T1D) in the South of Iran: A Casecontrol Study
Authors: Mirrashidi Fatemeh Sadat , Kiani Amin , Hushmandi Kiavash , Raesi Rasoul , daneshi salman
Published: January 2025

Background:

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune disorder characterized by a complex
interplay of genetic and environmental factors.

Aim:

The objective of this study was to identify the risk factors associated with T1D in the southern
region of Iran during the year 2022.

Methods:

This research employed a case-control design involving two groups (79 individuals in
each group) of healthy children and adolescents diagnosed with T1D. The study assessed and compared
the groups regarding various potential risk factors that may influence the development of
T1D. Data analysis was performed using SPSS-22 software.

Results:

Significant differences were observed between the two groups concerning several factors,
including the age at which children began kindergarten, their weight at one year and 18
months, maternal weight gain during pregnancy, delivery method, age of introduction to complementary
feeding, duration of breastfeeding, use of cow's milk and vitamin D supplements before
one year of age, as well as family history of T1D and other autoimmune diseases among fathers
and siblings.

Conclusion:

The findings indicate that, in addition to genetic predispositions, numerous environmental
factors contribute to the risk of developing T1D. Consequently, it is recommended that
health managers and policymakers investigate these risk factors more broadly across various regions
to implement effective strategies aimed at reducing the incidence of T1D nationwide.
Soxhlet Extraction and FT-IR Spectroscopy Coupled to Chemometrics:
Authenticating Beef, Pork and Wild boar Rendang
Authors: Syofyan Syofyan , Fadillah Rismah , Zehanna Detta , Hamidi Dachriyanus , Syafri Suryati
Published: January 2025

Background:

Rendang is one of the traditional foods of West Sumatra made from processed beef, which is vulnerable to adulteration with non-halal meats such as pork.

Objective:

This research aimed to develop the method for discriminating beef fat and lard (pig and
wild boar) of rendang using a Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR) combined with chemometric
analysis.

Material and Methods:

The training data set was rendang made of the binary mixture of beef and
pork (pig and wild boar) with 11 concentrations. The testing data set was rendang obtained from
several food stalls in Padang, West Sumatra Indonesia. Fat was extracted using the soxhlet
method and then analyzed using ATR-FTIR spectroscopy at 4000-400 cm-1 wave numbers. The
discriminant analysis (DA) was used to discriminate fat, while the Principle Component Regression (PCR) and Partial Least Square (PLS) models were used for quantification analysis.

Results:

The result showed DA could classify rendang without misclassification at wave numbers
of 1400-1000 cm-1 (pig) and 2800-1000 cm-1 (wild boar). About seven of ten commercial rendang
were identified as beef, but three of them failed using the Beef-Pork-DA model. Meanwhile, five
commercial rendang were classified as mixture and wild boar using the Beef-Wild boar DA model. In quantitative analysis, the best PCR model for pig was at a wave number of 1500-1000 cm-1
with a calibration R2
value of 0.9946, predicted R2
0.9926, RMSEC 0.0327, and RMSEP 0.0464.
The best PLS model for wild boars was at wave numbers 1400-1000 cm-1 with the R2
calibration
value of 0.9974, R2
prediction 0.9875, RMSEC 0.0229, RMSEP 0.0572.

Conclusion:

FTIR spectroscopy combined with chemometrics successfully classified and quantified beef fat pork, and wild boar fat in rendang. However, further validation of the five rendang
testing datasets using the DNA-based method that failed to identify as beef using the FT-IR
method is necessary.

conclusion:

FTIR spectroscopy combined with chemometrics successfully classified and quantified beef fat and lard (pig and wild boar) in rendang. However, further validation of the three rendang testing datasets using the DNA-based method that failed to identify as beef using the FT-IR method is necessary.
Identifying Biomarkers for Atherosclerosis via Gene Expression and Biological Networking
Authors: Chhotaray Sangeeta , Jal Soumya
Published: January 2025

Background:

Atherosclerosis is a chronic disease caused by the accumulation of lipids,
inflammatory cells, and fibrous elements in arterial walls, leading to plaque formation and
cardiovascular conditions like coronary artery disease, stroke, and peripheral arterial disease.
Factors like hyperlipidemia, hypertension, smoking, and diabetes contribute to its development.
Diagnosis relies on imaging and biomarkers, while management includes lifestyle modifications,
pharmacotherapy, and surgical interventions. Computational biology is transforming biological
knowledge into clinical practice by identifying biomarkers that can predict clinical outcomes.
This involves omics data, predictive modeling, and data integration. Statistical analysis-based
methods are also being developed to develop and integrate methods for screening, diagnosing,
and prognosing atherosclerosis.

Methodology:

The present work aimed to uncover critical genes and pathways to enhance the
understanding of the mechanism of atherosclerosis. GSE23746 was analyzed to find differentially
expressed genes (DEGs) using 19 control samples and 76 atherosclerotic samples.

Result:

A total of 76 DEGs were identified. Analysed DEGs using Gene Ontology (GO) and
Kyoto Encyclopaedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) to generate enrichment datasets. A Protein-
Protein Interaction (PPI) network of DEGs was created utilizing the Search Tool for the Retrieval
of Interacting Genes (STRING).

Conclusion:

Ten hub genes, namely EGR1, PTGS2, TNF, NFKBIA, CXCL8, TNFAIP3, CCL3,
IL1B, PTPRC, and CD83, were found to be significantly linked to atherosclerosis. Furthermore,
the metabolic pathway analysis through KEGG and STRING provides potential targets for therapeutic
interventions through HUB genes to diagnose the illness at an early stage, which aids in
the reduction of cardiovascular risk. From risk factor profiling to the discovery of novel biomarkers,
several components such as phospholipids, ANGPTL3, LCAT, and the proteinencoded
OCT-1 gene, play a vital role in crucial processes. These compounds are potential therapeutic
targets for early diagnosis of atherosclerotic lesions and future novel biomarkers.
Leptomeningeal Masses or Masquerades: A Spectrum of Diseases with Leptomeningeal Enhancement and their Mimics
Authors: Yogendra Praveen M , Nickalls Oliver James , Ho Chi Long
Published: January 2025

Background:

Leptomeningeal enhancement, visible on MRI, can indicate a variety of diseases, both neoplastic and non-neoplastic.

Objective:

This comprehensive pictorial review aims to equip radiologists and trainees with a thorough understanding of the diverse imaging presentations of
leptomeningeal disease.

Methods:

Drawing from a retrospective analysis of MRI scans conducted between 1 January 2008 and 30 September 2022, at two tertiary teaching hospitals
in Singapore, this review covers a wide range of conditions.

Case Collection:

The main neoplastic conditions discussed include leptomeningeal carcinomatosis, myelomatosis, schwannoma, CNS lymphoma, and pineal region
tumors. Additionally, the review addresses non-neoplastic enhancements such as meningoencephalitis, intracranial hypotension, cerebral
ischemia/infarction, epidural lipomatosis, syringomyelia, Sturge-Weber syndrome, and subarachnoid hemorrhage.

Conclusion:

By highlighting the imaging features and patterns associated with these conditions, the review underscores the critical role of accurate diagnosis
and timely management in improving patient outcomes. Enhanced understanding of these conditions can significantly improve patient outcomes
through timely and effective therapeutic interventions
SVMVGGNet-16: A Novel Machine and Deep Learning Based Approaches for Lung Cancer Detection Using Combined SVM and VGGNet-16
Authors: Ansari Mohd Munazzer , Kumar Shailendra , Heyat Md Belal Bin , Ullah Hadaate , Bin Hayat Mohd Ammar , Sumbul  , Parveen Saba , Ali Ahmad , Zhang Tao
Published: January 2025

Background and Objective:

Lung cancer remains a leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide, necessitating early and accurate detection methods. Our study aims to
enhance lung cancer detection by integrating VGGNet-16 form of Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) and Support Vector Machines (SVM)
into a hybrid model (SVMVGGNet-16), leveraging the strengths of both models for high accuracy and reliability in classifying lung cancer types
in different 4 classes such as adenocarcinoma (ADC), large cell carcinoma (LCC), Normal, and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC).

Methods:

Using the LIDC-IDRI dataset, we pre-processed images with a median filter and histogram equalization, segmented lung tumors through
thresholding and edge detection, and extracted geometric features such as area, perimeter, eccentricity, compactness, and circularity. VGGNet-16
and SVM employed for feature extraction and classification, respectively. Performance matrices were evaluated using accuracy, AUC, recall,
precision, and F1-score. Both VGGNet-16 and SVM underwent comparative analysis during the training, validation, and testing phases.

Results:

The SVMVGGNet-16 model outperformed both, with a training accuracy (97.22%), AUC (99.42%), recall (94.22%), precision (95.28%), and F1-
score (94.68%). In testing, our SVMVGGNet-16 model maintained high accuracy (96.72%), with an AUC (96.87%), recall (84.67%), precision
(87.40%), and F1-score (85.73%).

Conclusion:

Our experimental results demonstrate the potential of SVMVGGNet-16 in improving diagnostic performance, leading to earlier detection and
better treatment outcomes. Future work includes refining the model, expanding datasets, conducting clinical trials, and integrating the system into
clinical practice to ensure practical usability.
HIV Infection Complicated with Cytomegalovirus Colitis: A Case Report of 18FFDG PET/CT Imaging
Authors: Fang Shengwei , Zhang Peipei
Published: January 2025

Background:

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is common in the digestive and central nervous systems and can infect the entire digestive tract from the mouth
to the rectum. In immunocompromised patients, CMV infection is prone to develop into CMV disease, especially in Acquired Immune Deficiency
Syndrome (AIDS) patients. Severe cases may accelerate the progression of AIDS patients and form systemic CMV infection. Timely diagnosis and
treatment are very important for the prognosis of patients.

Case Presentation:

In this paper, we report a 36-year-old man with a Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection complicated with CMV colitis. Three weeks
ago, he developed abdominal pain with fresh blood in the stool, accompanied by anal pain. He was found to be HIV positive 8 years ago. An
enhanced CT scan showed edema and irregular thickening of the rectal wall, obvious enhancement of the mucosa, and multiple enlarged lymph
nodes around. 18F-FDG PET/CT imaging displayed diffuse rectum wall thickening and increased glucose metabolism, and the SUV max was 12.7.
There were multiple enlarged lymph nodes around the rectum, glucose metabolism was increased, and the SUVmax was 4.6.

Conclusion:

18F-FDG-PET imaging technology has potential value in the diagnosis of CMV colitis, especially in immunocompromised patients. Detection of
FDG concentrations in the colon wall can help diagnose CMV infection and understand the extent of the lesion, which is essential for the timely
initiation of antiviral therapy.
Targeting PD-1 in Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Flavonoid-based Therapeutics Unveiled through in silico and in vitro Approaches
Authors: Sharma Neha , Mazumder Rupa , Rai Pallavi , Debnath Abhijit
Published: January 2025

Introduction:

Squamous cell carcinoma is a major public health concern, with traditional
treatments such as surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy frequently resulting in
significant side effects. Immunotherapy targeting checkpoints such as PD-1, CTLA-4, and B7-
H3 provides a more specific approach but incurs high costs due to monoclonal antibodies.

Aim and Objective:

This study aims to investigate the potential of natural flavonoids as lowtoxicity,
small molecule-based alternatives targeting the PD-1 immunological checkpoint for
SCC treatment. It aims to identify and evaluate flavonoid compounds from the NPACT database
for their efficacy through in silico and in vitro screenings.

Method:

Employing a comprehensive in silico approach, including SBVS, Drug Likeness, Toxicity
Prediction, Consensus Molecular Docking, DFT, and 300 ns MD simulations, this study
screened for flavonoids with high affinity to PD-1. Identified lead molecules were further validated
through in-vitro assays, such as NRU, to assess their anticancer activities.

Result:

The flavonoid NPACT01407 showed high affinity for PD-1, favorable drug-like properties,
low toxicity, and effective stability at the active site, along with an optimal IC50 value,
highlighting its potential as an effective immunotherapeutic agent for SCC.

Conclusion:

The study highlights the potential of the flavonoid molecule NPACT01407 as a
promising candidate for the immunotherapeutic treatment of Squamous cell carcinoma. These
findings provide a solid basis for further experimental validation and drug development efforts,
suggesting a novel, less toxic, and cost-effective approach to cancer treatment.
Determination of Flavonoid Content in Brazilian Propolis Extracts by UV-Vis Spectroscopy and PLS Regression
Authors: Araujo Assimos Ariane , Donizeti Bernardes Cristina , Gabriela Aleme Helga , Jorge Sanches Barbeira Paulo
Published: January 2025

Background:

The determination of flavonoid content in propolis is very important because
these substances are assigned various biological properties present in propolis and their content
is regulated by Brazilian legislation. The spectrophotometric method, based on the formation of a
yellow complex between Al(III) and carbonyl and hydroxyl groups of flavonoids, is the most used to
determine flavonoid content but is time-consuming (only after one hour the absorbance of the solutions
can be read) and reagents.

Objective:

This work proposes a simple method to determine flavonoid content using UV-Vis and
Partial Least Squares (PLS) regression.

Methods:

A robust PLS spectrophotometric method for the quantification of flavonoids in propolis,
based on spectra of ethanol-diluted samples, was developed and a complete validation was done in
this model, estimating several figures of merit.

Results:

The model built proved to be very effective, showing good results for flavonoid content,
with a range of 0.06 to 1.50 %mass, providing root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP) of 0.05
%mass.

Conclusion:

This proposed model has the advantage of being less laborious and faster, involves a
small amount of solvents, is an alternative to routine analysis, and can be used as a screening method.
Fabrication of a PVC Membrane Sensor Based on a HKUST-1
Metal-organic Framework for Direct Determination of Cysteamine in
Pharmaceutical Formulation
Authors: Kaya Lutfi , Coldur Fatih , Kanberoglu Gulsah Saydan
Published: January 2025

Background:

The most common use of cysteamine is the treatment of cystinosis. Excessive intake of cysteamine can lead to serious side effects and health complications. Therefore, the
monitoring of cysteamine levels is highly significant.

Objective:

Several techniques have been developed to measure cysteamine accurately. Many of these
methods are constrained by various limitations, including labor-intensive pre-treatment procedures,
sophisticated equipment, skilled operators, and costly consumables. The present study aims to fabricate a cysteamine-selective potentiometric sensor based on HKUST-1 metal-organic framework
exhibiting a wider linear range and more sensitive potentiometric responses compared to the ion pairbased cysteamine-selective sensor that was developed previously

Methods:

A novel PVC membrane cysteamine-selective sensor was fabricated by coating the membrane cocktail consisting of poly(vinyl chloride), HKUST-1 metal-organic framework, plasticizer (onitrophenyloctylether), and ionic additive (potassium tetrakis (4-chlorophenyl) borate) onto the conductive solid contact surface. The potentiometric performance characteristics of the sensor were
evaluated in detail

Results:

The sensor exhibits a linear response to cysteamine concentration in the range of 1.0×10−6
M -1.0×10−2 M (R2
=0.9958) with a slope of 51.5 mV/decade and a detection limit of 8.0×10-7 M. It
operates effectively within a pH range of 3.9-5.7 and displays a rapid response time.

Conclusion:

Compared to the cysteamine-selective sensor available in the literature, the current sensor stands out with its wider linear operating range and lower detection limit. The sensor consistently
yields reproducible and stable potentiometric responses towards cysteamine. The fabricated cysteamine-selective sensor effectively quantifies cysteamine content in pharmaceutical formulations.
A Single-Arm, Open-Label, Phase Ib Clinical Study Evaluating the Efficacy and Safety of Durvalumab in Combination with Albumin-Bound Paclitaxel
and Carboplatin as Neoadjuvant Therapy for Resectable Stage III Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Zhong Yuejiao , Li Tao , Bai Zhaoshi , Qiu Ninglei , Liu Siwen , Xia Wenjia , Wei Qiang , Chen Lingxiang
Published: January 2025

Objective:

This study aimed to explore the clinical efficacy and safety of durvalumab
combined with albumin-bound paclitaxel and carboplatin as neoadjuvant therapy for resectable
stage III Non-small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC).

Methods:

A single-arm open-label phase Ib study was conducted. A total of 40 patients with driver
gene-negative resectable stage III NSCLC were enrolled. All patients received neoadjuvant
treatment with durvalumab in combination with albumin-bound paclitaxel and carboplatin. The
clinical efficacy, Major Pathological Response (MPR), Complete Pathological Response (pCR),
and safety were assessed. Flow cytometry was used to detect the expression of programmed cell
death receptor 1 (PD-1) on total T, helper T, and cytotoxic T lymphocytes in peripheral blood before
and after neoadjuvant treatment. Adverse reactions during the treatment were recorded. Disease-
free Survival (DFS) and Overall Survival (OS) curves were constructed.

Results:

After the neoadjuvant treatment, the overall Objective Response Rate (ORR) in the 40 patients
with NSCLC was 65.00%. MPR was achieved in 27 patients (67.50%), and pCR was
achieved in nine patients (22.50%). The expression levels of PD-1 on total T, helper T, and cytotoxic
T lymphocytes in patients with NSCLC significantly decreased after treatment (all p < 0.05).
The most common adverse events were hair loss (47.50%), nausea and vomiting (42.50%), and fatigue
(40.00%). The majority of adverse events were grades 1 and 2, with a small number of
events being grades 3 and 4. At the end of the follow-up period, the average DFS was 21.49 ±
0.99 months, and the average OS was 24.79 ± 0.53 months.

Conclusion:

Neoadjuvant treatment with durvalumab combined with albumin-bound paclitaxel
and carboplatin as first-line therapy for driver gene-negative stage III NSCLC achieved a high
pathological response rate and improved immune function. It is expected to extend patient survival
with good tolerability.