bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Basic principles of reaching triboactive coatings by mixing of nanosized feedstock powders in the suspension plasma spraying process
Authors: Erne M. , Kolar D. , Möhwald K. , Bach F.‐W.
Published: July 2010

In recent years, suspension plasma spaying (SPS) has been investigated to provide functional coatings with determined abilities, which could not be reached by conventional thermal spray processes so far. In this paper, the possibilities are discussed to achieve oxide ceramic coatings based on titania by SPS, which show a reduction of their coefficient of friction under dry sliding conditions. Besides the possibility of mixing different feedstock suspensions in the process, the achievable low thickness and homogenous microstructure of suspension‐sprayed coatings may allow use of the coatings in applications, where high demands on adhesion, cohesion and near net shape are made.

In den vergangenen Jahren wurde das Suspensions‐Plasmaspritzen (SPS) hinsichtlich seiner Eignung untersucht, Schichtsysteme mit definierten funktionalen Eigenschaften zu erzielen, die bisher mit konventionellen thermischen Spritzverfahren nicht realisiert werden konnten. In diesem Beitrag werden Möglichkeiten diskutiert, um mittels SPS oxidkeramische Schichtsysteme auf Basis von Titandioxid zu erhalten, die unter trockener Gleitreibung eine signifikante Minderung des Reibungskoeffizienten aufweisen. Neben der Option der Durchmischung verschiedener Werkstoffsuspensionen im Prozess bietet das Verfahren die Möglichkeit, dünne Schichten mit einem sehr homogenen Gefüge einzustellen. Diese Eigenschaften sollen einen Einsatz unter Bedingungen erlauben, die hohe Anforderungen an die Adhäsion, die Kohäsion und die Endkonturnähe der Schichtsysteme stellen.
Assessing contractile ability of the quadriceps muscle using ultrasound imaging
Authors: Delaney Sinead , Worsley Peter , Warner Martin , Taylor Mark , Stokes Maria
Published: July 2010

Muscle dimension changes on ultrasound imaging (USI) indicate contractile activity. Quadriceps force and rectus femoris (RF) dimensions were examined to assess USI for estimating contraction level. In 15 healthy males, mean age 24.8 years, isometric quadriceps force was measured in 90° knee flexion during submaximal and maximal voluntary contractions (MVCs) and at MVC in extension. Mid‐thigh cross‐sectional area (CSA), depth and width, and surface electromyography (EMG) of RF were recorded. Muscle width decreased curvilinearly as both force and EMG increased. At MVC, width was 3.2 ± 0.5 cm, 25% smaller than at rest (4.4 ± 0.7 cm), and similar to MVC in extension (−23%). CSA decreased linearly to −18% at MVC. RF thickness increased by only 10% (at 30% to MVC). Similar width changes at MVC in flexion and extension indicate the clinical potential of USI for assessing quadriceps contractility. Sensitivity is limited to assessing strength to within 25% of MVC in young males. Muscle Nerve, 2010
Pipelining Tools – ohne lange Leitung
Authors: Krüger Björn
Published: July 2010

Pipelining Tools vereinen rechnerische Arbeitsabläufe und automatisieren so wiederkehrende Prozeduren. Die modular aufgebauten Workflows arbeiten mit Open‐Source‐Anwendungen und Webtechnik. Große pharmazeutische Konzerne profitieren von solcher Software ebenso wie die Akademia oder das kleine Biotechunternehmen.
Komplexe Indolalkaloide aus Cyanobakterien
Authors: Rüping Magnus
Published: July 2010

Cyanobakterien produzieren eine große Bandbreite biologisch aktiver Substanzen – unter anderem eine umfangreiche Klasse von komplexen und hochfunktionalisierten Indolalkaloiden. Auch heute noch stellen manche dieser Naturstoffe ein herausforderndes Syntheseziel dar.
Die Champions der chemischen Industrie
Authors: Willers Yves‐Pierre
Published: July 2010

In jedem Industriezweig gibt es regelmäßig Phasen, in denen die Marktsituation und die finanzielle Lage der Unternehmen Übernahmen und Fusionen begünstigen. Gegenwärtig lässt sich für die Chemiebranche das Frühstadium eines solchen “Konsolidierungsfensters” vermuten. Wie kann man feststellen, ob ein Unternehmen zu den Gestaltern einer Konsolidierungswelle gehört?
Nanopartikel zur Diagnose von Blutgefäßerkrankungen
Authors: Keppler Bernhard , Kundu Amitava
Published: July 2010

Auf der Suche nach neuen Diagnose‐ und Therapieverfahren für Blutgefäßerkrankungen haben sich Makromoleküle als besonders geeignete Kontrastmittel in der Magnetresonanztomografie erwiesen. Mit neuen Strategien binden makromolekulare Nanopartikel gezielt an die Innenseite von Blutgefäßen und machen die Gefäßwände sichtbar.
Die alte Dame Chemie
Authors: Schorsch Gilbert , Marcoux Émérence
Published: July 2010

Im Juli feiert die Société Française de Chimie mit dem Kongress SFC07 ihr 150‐jähriges Bestehen – ein Blick in die Vergangenheit.
NMR für die Routine
Authors: Kamlowski Andreas , Müller Jörg
Published: July 2010

Zeitauflösende NMR‐Spektroskopie mit Tischgeräten eignet sich nicht nur für die Forschung, sondern auch für die Qualitätskontrolle. Beispiele sind die Untersuchung von Ölsaaten und Fettmischungen.
Tätowierungspigmente im Fokus der Forschung
Authors: Engel Eva , Vasold Rudolf , Bäumler Wolfgang
Published: July 2010

Eine Tätowierung oder ein Permanent‐Make‐up wie tätowierter Lidstrich und Lidschatten ist meist eine Entscheidung fürs Leben. Die Farbpigmente, die beim Tätowieren in die Haut eingebracht wurden, wieder zu entfernen, ist nicht nur kostenaufwendig und schmerzhaft, sondern manchmal sogar gesundheitsgefährlich.
Gelungener Start zur GDCh‐VAA‐Doppelmitgliedschaft
Authors: Bengs Holger
Published: July 2010

Die GDCh‐VAA‐Mitgliedschaft unter Studierenden erfreut sich wachsender Beliebtheit. Eine Vortragsreihe wird das attraktive Angebot noch bekannter machen. Auftakt war Frankfurt.
Ulm – in letzter Minute
Authors: Pasch Harald , Wiesen Peter , Steinbeck Christoph , Brock Thomas , Hennecke Manfred , Metzger Jürgen O. , Brodt Gregor , Lehmann Christian , Döker Michael , Schwack Wolfgang , Karsten Schubert Berlin
Published: July 2010

Mit den Themen Energie – Materialien – Synthese präsentiert sich die Chemie in diesem Jahr auf dem GDCh‐Wissenschaftsforum in Ulm als Querschnittswissenschaft für die Lösung wichtiger Zukunftsfragen. Einen Eindruck vom Programm mit weit über 200 Vorträgen, Symposien, Podiumsdiskussionen und rund 300 Postern, geben die GDCh‐Fachgruppen und ‐Organisationen.
Das Jungchemikerforum – Seit zehn Jahren 100% zukunftsfördernd!
Authors: Breffke Jens , Schaffer Tanja
Published: July 2010

Seit ihrer Gründung 1997 beschäftigt die Jungchemiker vor allem Folgendes: Sie wollen Brücken schlagen, Dinge bewegen, verändern und sie wollen sich informieren! Um diese Ziele zu erreichen, hat das Jungchemikerforum eine Reihe von sehr erfolgreichen Strukturen und Veranstaltungen neu entwickelt.
1. Jahrestreffender Senior‐Expert Chemists
Authors: Bengs Holger
Published: July 2010

11. bis 13. November in Steinheim/Hanau
Superconvergence of a stabilized finite element approximation for the Stokes equations using a local coarse mesh L2 projection
Authors: Li Jian , Mei Liquan , Chen Zhangxin
Published: July 2010

This article first recalls the results of a stabilized finite element method based on a local Gauss integration method for the stationary Stokes equations approximated by low equal‐order elements that do not satisfy the inf‐sup condition. Then, we derive general superconvergence results for this stabilized method by using a local coarse mesh L2 projection. These supervergence results have three prominent features. First, they are based on a multiscale method defined for any quasi‐uniform mesh. Second, they are derived on the basis of a large sparse, symmetric positive‐definite system of linear equations for the solution of the stationary Stokes problem. Third, the finite elements used fail to satisfy the inf‐sup condition. This article combines the merits of the new stabilized method with that of the L2 projection method. This projection method is of practical importance in scientific computation. Finally, a series of numerical experiments are presented to check the theoretical results obtained. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq, 28: 115‐126, 2012
An empirical investigation on the role of market orientation in church participation
Authors: Mulyanegara Riza Casidy , Tsarenko Yelena , Mavondo Felix T.
Published: July 2010

In recent years, the concept of market orientation has become an attractive avenue for research in marketing. Despite an array of applications of market orientation in the context of religious organisations, an empirical examination of the role of market orientation in affecting church participation remains limited. The purpose of this research is to develop and test a model that explains the role of market orientation in a church participation context. Data were collected from a particular church denomination in Australia using a self‐administered questionnaire. This yielded a useable sample of 344. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to test the validity and reliability of the measures, while structural equation modelling was used to test the hypotheses. The findings suggest that market orientation is significantly related to church participation. Further, competitor orientation was found to be negatively associated with church participation. These findings suggest that it is important for church leaders to: (1) understand the needs of church members (customer orientation), (2) ensure that the various ministries in the church are perceived as delivering significant value by its members (interfunctional coordination), and (3) ensure that the range of ministries offered by the church is not perceived as the strategic tools to compete with other churches (competitor orientation), but rather as the means to serve its members effectively.

Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The transition experience to pre‐school for six families with children with disabilities
Authors: Podvey Mara Cohen , Hinojosa Jim , Koenig Kristie
Published: July 2010

The purpose of this qualitative study was to gain an understanding of how families receiving related therapy services experience the transition from early intervention to pre‐school special education. Participants were six families with a child who received early intervention services and became eligible for pre‐school special education services. Data was collected using in‐depth interviews over 3 months. Grounded theory lead to theoretical insights and supported the development of three themes and a metatheme. ‘Transition is scary’, describes the families' feelings about the transition itself and their own perspectives of how their families fared. ‘Therapy is central to progress, but not to transition’, reflects how therapy remained central to their children's progress, but did not help families acclimate to the pre‐school environment. ‘Communication is key to comfort’, expresses the importance of communication with all relevant parties. The metatheme ‘The Outsiders’ describes how the transition represents a significant status change for the family in terms of their involvement in their children's education, but also highlights the ways in which families continue to meet the needs of their children outside of the pre‐school milieu. Findings suggest that families perceive the transition as difficult despite the presence of policies designed to make it easier for them. A deeper examination of policy and its influence on everyday practice related to the transition must occur to help reconcile the reasons for this difference. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Emphysematous gastritis in association with type 1 diabetes
Authors: Krishnamurthy R , Buckley D , Smith JC
Published: July 2010

Emphysematous gastritis is an unusual and severe variant of gastritis characterised by invasion of the stomach wall by gas‐forming bacteria. Poorly controlled diabetes is one of the predisposing conditions for this disorder. We report a fatal case of emphysematous gastritis occurring in a 71‐year‐old man with poorly controlled type 1 diabetes. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons.
Exenatide associated renal failure
Authors: Bhatti R , Flynn MD , Illahi M , Carnegie AM
Published: July 2010

Exenatide is a relatively new drug for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. There have been four previous cases of ischaemic renal failure reported with exenatide. We report two cases of renal failure associated with exenatide. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons.
Quantum Chemical Study on the Interactions of NO3 with RDX and Four Decomposition Intermediates
Authors: Zhang Jidong , Cheng Xinlu , Zhao Feng
Published: July 2010

Recently, NO3 (nitrate radical) was predicted to be formed during the decomposition of RDX. However, experimental studies of the gaseous products have never detected it. In order to verify the prediction, we studied the interactions of NO3 with RDX and four RDX decomposition intermediates (RDR, C3H5N5O4, OST, and TAZ) by using density functional theory (DFT). It is found that NO3 radical can be converted into NO2 during the process of interactions with the above‐mentioned five molecules. In other words, NO3 radical can be consumed in these processes, which gives an explanation for the disappearance of NO3. Transition state theory (TST) calculations lead to the same results. The binding energies are calculated to estimate the strength of interactions. The energy of NO3 with RDR is the largest, which indicates this process is most likely to occur. Our calculation provides a support to the prediction of the formation of NO3.
Characteristics of associated reactions in people with hemiplegic cerebral palsy
Authors: Chiu Hsiu‐Ching , Ada Louise , Butler Jane , Coulson Susan
Published: July 2010

Purposes. To investigate the relationship between associated reactions and a) spasticity, b) contracture and c) coordination. Methods. Associated reactions were measured as magnitude of muscle activity in the affected limb during a 50% maximum voluntary contraction of muscles in the unaffected limb. Spasticity was measured as hyper‐reflexia during passive muscle stretch, coordination as performance during a tracking task, and contracture as loss of range of motion. Chi‐square analysis was used to examine the association between associated reactions and spasticity, and linear regression to examine the relationship between associated reactions and spasticity, coordination and contracture. Results. Twenty‐three people with hemiplegic cerebral palsy aged from 15 to 47 years (mean [SD]: 29 years [9]) participated. Thirteen participants exhibited spasticity, and six participants exhibited associated reactions. Five of the six participants with associated reactions also had spasticity (χ2 = 2.37, p = 0.12). Associated reactions were highly correlated with spasticity (r = 0.77, p = 0.001), but not with contracture (r = 0.35, p = 0.29) or coordination (r = −0.31, p = 0.30). Conclusions. Although 27% of participants exhibited associated reactions, and these were mostly small, associated reactions appear to be an expression of spasticity in hemiplegic cerebral palsy. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Surface defect mediated electron hopping between nanoparticles separated by a nano‐gap
Authors: Juodkazis Saulius , Rosa Lorenzo
Published: July 2010

The influence of defects induced by electron or ion beam lithography in the pre‐surface region of the substrate on optical properties of plasmonic nanoparticles is analyzed. It is demonstrated that electron hopping between the defect sites of closely located nanoparticles is probable. The effect of electron transport via defect states will cause an apparent electrical connectivity between the nanoparticles and can be observed in extinction measurements. It is shown that this type of connectivity is important for gap sizes smaller than ∼10 nm and can reduce the actual light field enhancement.

magnified image

FDTD simulation scene: two nanoparticles separated by a nano‐gap. The defects due to electron/ion lithography are present in the sub‐surface region.

(© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Diagnostic study of generalized moist potential vorticity in a non‐uniformly saturated atmosphere with heavy precipitation
Authors: Liang Zhaoming , Lu Chungu , Tollerud Edward I.
Published: July 2010

A Meiyu front accompanied by a band of heavy precipitation in East Asia is typically characterized by a much larger moisture gradient than temperature gradient. Many previous studies have suggested use of equivalent potential temperature as a thermodynamic variable under this circumstance. However, dynamic variables coupled with such a thermodynamic variable, e.g. a derived moist potential vorticity (MPV) based on equivalent potential temperature, does not provide useful dynamic insight into these systems. In this study, generalized moist potential vorticity (GMPV) is derived based on a generalized form of potential temperature. Diagnoses of numerical simulations for three typical Meiyu rainfall events show that GMPV provides remarkably accurate tracking of rainfall location, suggesting its potential use as a dynamic tracer for heavy rainfall events such as Meiyu rain bands. Copyright © 2010 Royal Meteorological Society
Stability, complexity and the maximum dissipation conjecture
Authors: Nicolis C. , Nicolis G.
Published: July 2010

The formalism of irreversible thermodynamics is extended to include the effect of random perturbations and applied to representative systems giving rise to instabilities and to complex nonlinear behaviours. The extent to which dissipation as measured by the entropy production exhibits variational properties that can be linked to key indicators of the dynamical behaviour is explored with emphasis on the conjecture of the climate system as a system of maximum dissipation. Copyright © 2010 Royal Meteorological Society
Multi‐objective optimization of end‐to‐end sutured anastomosis for robot‐assisted surgery
Authors: Liu Ying , Wang Shuxin , Hu S. Jack
Published: July 2010

Background

Due to differences in surgical operations between free‐hand and robot‐assisted vessel anastomosis, there exist new challenges in applying the manipulation criteria of free‐hand surgery to robot‐assisted surgery in order to guarantee successful completion of the surgical procedure.

Methods

A mathematical model is established to optimize the process variables in vessel anastomosis. The distance between entry point and cross‐section, suture tension and the number of individual sutures are selected as design variables. The allowable range of suture tension and the difference between longitudinal stresses of vessel tissue on transverse sections are used as the objective functions. Simulation experiments are carried out to obtain the allowable range of suture tension and tissue stress distribution, based on numerical analysis.

Results

For a vessel in anastomosis with 4 mm diameter, a larger distance between the entry point and the cross‐section and/or more sutures can result in less tissue deformation and a tighter joint between the two vessel ends. The allowable range of suture tension is a function of the number of individual sutures and increases with the decrease of the distance between entry point and cross‐section. The optimal designs providing the suture configuration of distance between entry point and cross‐section and the number of individual sutures are presented in the case that the performance of robot‐assisted anastomosis can be guaranteed without strong control of suture tension.

Conclusions

The work provides meaningful results for the optimal design of the suturing procedure in robot‐assisted vascular anastomosis when the robotic system does not allow tactile feedback. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Self‐Organized Multiconstituent Catalytic Nanomotors
Authors: Gibbs John G. , Zhao Yiping
Published: July 2010

Self‐organized catalytic nanomotors consisting of more than one individual component are presented. Tadpole‐like catalytic nanomotors fabricated by dynamic shadowing growth (DSG) self‐organize randomly to form two‐nanomotor clusters (≈1–3% yield) that spin as opposed to circular motion exhibited by the individual structures. By introducing magnetic materials to another system, self‐assembled “helicopter” nanomotors consisting of a V‐shaped nanomotor and a microbead are formed with ≈25% yield, showing a significantly higher yield than the control (0%). A flexible swimmer system that performs complex swimming, such as maneuvering around stationary objects, is also presented. These nanomotor systems are inherently more complex than those previously studied and may be the next step towards building sophisticated multifunctional nanomachinery systems.
Classification of software patches: a text mining approach
Authors: Raja Uzma , Tretter Marietta J.
Published: July 2010

Installation of maintenance patches in operational software systems is a source of significant expenditure and resource consumption. Managers often have to find a balance between publicly announced vulnerabilities and/or possible destabilization of existing applications, while making decisions regarding patch roll out to all systems. We propose a classification scheme for maintenance patches and examine the effects of patch category on the internal characteristics of a software system. Text mining the patch releases of 77 successive versions of the Linux operating system, we extend previous categorization schemes to maintenance patches. This granularity level offers a view of the aggregate nature of the tasks performed in each version. An unsupervised learning technique, cluster analysis associated with Text mining, reveals that there are three identifiable categories in Linux patch files. Based on the maintenance keywords in each category, we label them as:corrective,perfectiveandadaptivepatches. Further analysis of the effects of patch category on the structural complexity and the time to next release indicates that perfective patches are associated with a reduction in the complexity and frequency of patch release. Categorization at the patch level is useful for managers, since changes made to operational software systems are through patches. Determining the nature of a patch can assist managers in planning version roll out and testing criterion. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Virtual Liver Resection and Volumetric Analysis of the Future Liver Remnant using Open Source Image Processing Software
Authors: van der Vorst Joost R. , van Dam Ronald M. , van Stiphout Rogier S. A. , van den Broek Maartje A. , Hollander Ilona H. , Kessels Alfons G. H. , Dejong Cornelis H. C.
Published: July 2010

Background

After extended liver resection, a remnant liver that is too small can lead to postresection liver failure. To reduce this risk, preoperative evaluation of the future liver remnant volume (FLRV) is critical. The open‐source OsiriX® PAC software system can be downloaded for free and used by nonradiologists to calculate liver volume using a stand‐alone Apple computer. The purpose of this study was to assess the accuracy of OsiriX® CT volumetry for predicting liver resection volume and FLVR in patients undergoing partial hepatectomy.

Methods

Preoperative contrast‐enhanced liver CT scans of patients who underwent partial hepatectomy were analyzed by three observers. Two surgical trainees measured the total liver volume, resection volume, and tumor volume using OsiriX®, and a radiologist measured these volumes using CT scanner‐linked Aquarius iNtuition® software. Resection volume was correlated with prospectively determined resection weight, and differences in the measured liver volumes were analyzed. Interobserver variability was assessed using Bland–Altman plots.

Results

25 patients (M/F ratio: 13/12) with a median age of 61 (range, 34–77) years were included. There were significant correlations between the weight and volume of the resected specimens (Pearson’s correlation coefficient: R2 = 0.95). There were no major differences in total liver volumes, resection volumes, or tumor volumes for observers 1, 2, and 3. Bland–Altman plots showed a small interobserver variability. The mean time to complete liver volumetry for one patient using OsiriX® was 19 ± 3 min.

Conclusions

OsiriX® liver volumetry performed by surgeons is an accurate and time‐efficient method for predicting resection volume and FLRV.
Detection of Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma by Analysis of BRAF and RET/PTC1 Mutations in Fine‐needle Aspiration Biopsies of Thyroid Nodules
Authors: Musholt Thomas J. , Fottner Christian , Weber Matthias M. , Eichhorn Waltraud , Pohlenz Joachim , Musholt Petra B. , Springer Erik , Schad Arno
Published: July 2010

Background

Activating mutations of the oncogene BRAF or rearrangements of the tyrosine kinase receptor RET are observed in up to 80% of papillary thyroid carcinomas (PTCs). The predominant BRAF V600E mutation has not been detected in benign thyroid tissue so far, so consequently, this assumedly pathognomonic alteration is qualified to improve the preoperative diagnosis of PTC.

Methods

Two hundred ninety preoperatively harvested fine‐needle aspiration biopsies (FNABs) underwent routine cytologic assessment. BRAF V600E mutation analysis was performed by mutation‐specific PCR using the same cell material; a hybrid‐specific RT‐PCR assay was used for detection of RET/PTC1 rearrangements. Detected genetic alterations were verified by direct sequencing. Definitive histopathology was obtained in 93/290 lesions following surgery of the respective thyroid nodule.

Results

While cytology alone diagnosed 13/30 malignancies (22 PTCs, 4 FTCs, 1 MTC, 1 UTC, 2 metastases), five additional malignancies were identified by supplementary mutation analysis. Cytology classified eight FNABs as benign, while postoperative histology demonstrated a thyroid malignancy (6 PTCs, 1 FTC, 1 metastasis). In four of these eight cases, the genetic analysis detected a BRAF V600E mutation or a RET/PTC1 rearrangement. Classifying both suspicious and malignant FNAB results as positive cytology results, supplementary genetic testing increased the overall sensitivity of FNAB from 70.4 to 85.7%, the positive predictive value (PPV) from 59.4 to 64.9%, and the negative predictive value (NPV) from 84.0 to 91.3%.

Conclusions

Supplementary mutation analysis of RET and especially of the BRAF V600E mutation in FNABs is a fast and probably cost‐effective assay in routine diagnostic setting. Mutation analyses of PTC‐specific genetic alterations improve the preoperative identification and prognostic assessment of thyroid malignancies and therefore enable an optimized surgical strategy.
Phytochemical Content and Antioxidant Properties of Seeds of Unconventional Oil Plants
Authors: Nogala‐Kalucka Malgorzata , Rudzinska Magdalena , Zadernowski Ryszard , Siger Aleksander , Krzyzostaniak Inga
Published: July 2010

The lipophilic and hydrophilic antioxidants were evaluated in eight plants: safflower (Carthamus tinctorius), viper's bugloss (Echium vulgare), quince (Cydonia vulgaris), evening primrose (Oenothera biennis), rose mosqueta (Rosa affinis rubiginosa), black seed (Nigella sativa), sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides) and borage (Borago officinales). The highest amounts of tocopherols were contained in seeds of borage and sea buckthorn (66.9 mg/100 g and 45.9 mg/100 g, respectively). The sea buckthorn seed lipids had the highest amount of total sterols (10.4 mg/g of lipids). The predominant form was campesterol. Sitosterol was the major sterol in the lipids of other tested seeds. The content of phenolic compounds ranged from 736.5 mg/100 g dry matter (d.m.) (evening primrose) to 74.8 mg/100 g d.m. (safflower). The highest antioxidant activity, expressed in % scavenged DPPH· free radicals, was observed for evening primrose (91.2%), while the lowest for safflower (36.2%). The correlation coefficient between the level of phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity was 0.53.
Synthesis and Properties of Ascorbyl Esters Catalyzed by Lipozyme TL IM using Triglycerides as Acyl Donors
Authors: Reyes‐Duarte D. , Lopez‐Cortes N. , Torres P. , Comelles F. , Parra J. L. , Peña S. , Ugidos A. V. , Ballesteros A. , Plou F. J.
Published: July 2010

Esters of l‐ascorbic acid with long‐chain fatty acids (E‐304) are employed as antioxidants in foods rich in lipids. Although their enzymatic synthesis offers some advantages compared with the current chemical processes, most of the reported methods employ the immobilized lipase from Candida antarctica as biocatalyst and free fatty acids or activated esters as acyl donors. In order to diminish the cost of the process, we have investigated the synthesis of ascorbyl oleate and ascorbyl palmitate esters with the immobilized Thermomyces lanuginosus lipase Lipozyme TL IM—which is significantly less expensive than Novozym 435—and triglycerides as source of fatty acids. Lipozyme TL IM gave rise to a lower yield of 6‐O‐ascorbyl oleate than Novozym 435 when using triolein (64 vs. 84%) and olive oil (27 vs. 33%) as acyl donors. Both 6‐O‐ascorbyl oleate and 6‐O‐ascorbyl palmitate displayed excellent surfactant and antioxidant properties. The Trolox Equivalent Antioxidant Capability values for the oleate and palmitate were 71 and 84%, respectively, of those obtained with l‐ascorbic acid; however, both derivatives were able to stabilize soybean oil towards peroxide formation.
Twinkle twinkle little stone: utilizing color Doppler in emergency ultrasound diagnosis of a ureterovesicular stone
Authors: Sutijono Darrell , Bomann J. Scott , Moore Christopher L. , van Tonder Reinier
Published: July 2010

Case report

A case of a 43-year-old woman presenting with acute left flank pain is reported.

Method and result

Point-of-care ultrasound utilizing color Doppler revealed a twinkling artifact at the left ureterovesicular junction, consistent with a ureterovesicular stone. The sonographic findings and significance of the twinkling artifact are described.
The ‘true’ l‐xylulose reductase of filamentous fungi identified in Aspergillus niger
Authors: Mojzita Dominik , Vuoristo Kiira , Koivistoinen Outi M. , Penttilä Merja , Richard Peter
Published: July 2010

l‐Xylulose reductase is part of the eukaryotic pathway for l‐arabinose catabolism. A previously identified l‐xylulose reductase in Hypocrea jecorina turned out to be not the ‘true’ one since it was not upregulated during growth on l‐arabinose and the deletion strain showed no reduced l‐xylulose reductase activity but instead lost the d‐mannitol dehydrogenase activity [17]. In this communication we identified the ‘true’ l‐xylulose reductase in Aspergillus niger. The gene, lxrA (JGI177736), is upregulated on l‐arabinose and the deletion results in a strain lacking the NADPH‐specific l‐xylulose reductase activity and having reduced growth on l‐arabinose. The purified enzyme had a K
m for l‐xylulose of 25 mM and a ν
max of 650 U/mg.
Tudor‐SN interacts with and co‐localizes with G3BP in stress granules under stress conditions
Authors: Gao Xingjie , Ge Lin , Shao Jie , Su Chao , Zhao Hong , Saarikettu Juha , Yao Xuyang , Yao Zhi , Silvennoinen Olli , Yang Jie
Published: July 2010

MINT‐7968768, MINT‐7968779: Tudor‐SN (uniprotkb:Q7KZF4) physically interacts (MI:0915) with G3BP (uniprotkb:Q13283) by anti bait coimmunoprecipitation (MI:0006) MINT‐7968800: Tudor‐SN (uniprotkb:Q7KZF4) and TIA‐1 (uniprotkb:P31483) colocalize (MI:0403) by fluorescence microscopy (MI:0416) MINT‐7968789: Tudor‐SN (uniprotkb:Q7KZF4) and G3BP (uniprotkb:Q13283) colocalize (MI:0403) by fluorescence microscopy (MI:0416)
Production of Candida antarctica Lipase B Gene Open Reading Frame using Automated PCR Gene Assembly Protocol on Robotic Workcell and Expression in an Ethanologenic Yeast for use as Resin-Bound Biocatalyst in Biodiesel Production
Authors: Hughes Stephen R. , Moser Bryan R. , Harmsen Amanda J. , Bischoff Kenneth M. , Jones Marjorie A. , Pinkelman Rebecca , Bang Sookie S. , Tasaki Ken , Doll Kenneth M. , Qureshi Nasib , Saha Badal C. , Liu Siqing , Jackson John S. , Robinson Samantha , Cotta Michael C. , Rich Joseph O. , Caimi Paolo
Published: July 2010

A synthetic Candida antarctica lipase B (CALB) gene open reading frame (ORF) for expression in yeast was constructed, and the lycotoxin-1 (Lyt-1) C3 variant gene ORF, potentially to improve the availability of the active enzyme at the surface of the yeast cell, was added in frame with the CALB ORF using an automated PCR assembly and DNA purification protocol on an integrated robotic workcell. Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains expressing CALB protein or CALB Lyt-1 fusion protein were first grown on 2% (w/v) glucose, producing 9.3 g/L ethanol during fermentation. The carbon source was switched to galactose for GAL1-driven expression, and the CALB and CALB Lyt-1 enzymes expressed were tested for fatty acid ethyl ester (biodiesel) production. The synthetic enzymes catalyzed the formation of fatty acid ethyl esters from ethanol and either corn or soybean oil. It was further demonstrated that a one-step-charging resin, specifically selected for binding to lipase, was capable of covalent attachment of the CALB Lyt-1 enzyme, and that the resin-bound enzyme catalyzed the production of biodiesel. High-level expression of lipase in an ethanologenic yeast strain has the potential to increase the profitability of an integrated biorefinery by combining bioethanol production with coproduction of a low-cost biocatalyst that converts corn oil to biodiesel.
How persuasive messages can influence behavior without awareness
Authors: Russo J. Edward , Chaxel Anne‐Sophie
Published: July 2010

A persuasive message that favors one option in a binary choice can enhance the apparent value of its target by biasing the interpretation of subsequent information. The message installs its target as the initial leader in preference and lets the predecisional distortion of information defend that leadership position. An experiment that contrasts showing TV commercials before and after objective product information demonstrates this process. Ratings of the importance of the commercials to the choice indicate that people are aware of advertising's direct effect on their choice but not of its indirect effect through the biased evaluation of the product information.
Zigzag instability of vortex pairs in stratified and rotating fluids. Part 1. General stability equations.
Authors: BILLANT PAUL
Published: July 2010

In stratified and rotating fluids, pairs of columnar vertical vortices are subjected to three-dimensional bending instabilities known as the zigzag instability or as the tall-column instability in the quasi-geostrophic limit. This paper presents a general asymptotic theory for these instabilities. The equations governing the interactions between the strain and the slow bending waves of each vortex column in stratified and rotating fluids are derived for long vertical wavelength and when the two vortices are well separated, i.e. when the radii R of the vortex cores are small compared to the vortex separation distance b. These equations have the same form as those obtained for vortex filaments in homogeneous fluids except that the expressions of the mutual-induction and self-induction functions are different. A key difference is that the sign of the self-induction function is reversed compared to homogeneous fluids when the fluid is strongly stratified: |max| < N (where N is the Brunt–Väisälä frequency and max the maximum angular velocity of the vortex) for any vortex profile and magnitude of the planetary rotation. Physically, this means that slow bending waves of a vortex rotate in the same direction as the flow inside the vortex when the fluid is stratified-rotating in contrast to homogeneous fluids. When the stratification is weaker, i.e. |max| > N, the self-induction function is complex because the bending waves are damped by a viscous critical layer at the radial location where the angular velocity of the vortex is equal to the Brunt–Väisälä frequency.

In contrast to previous theories, which apply only to strongly stratified non-rotating fluids, the present theory is valid for any planetary rotation rate and when the strain is smaller than the Brunt–Väisälä frequency: Γ/(2πb2) ≪ N, where Γ is the vortex circulation. Since the strain is small, this condition is met across a wide range of stratification: from weakly to strongly stratified fluids. The theory is further generalized formally to any basic flow made of an arbitrary number of vortices in stratified and rotating fluids. Viscous and diffusive effects are also taken into account at leading order in Reynolds number when there is no critical layer. In Part 2 (Billant et al., J. Fluid Mech., 2010, doi:10.1017/S002211201000282X), the stability of vortex pairs will be investigated using the present theory and the predictions will be shown to be in very good agreement with the results of direct numerical stability analyses. The existence of the zigzag instability and the distinctive stability properties of vortex pairs in stratified and rotating fluids compared to homogeneous fluids will be demonstrated to originate from the sign reversal of the self-induction function.
A spectrum of disease in Human African trypanosomiasis: the host and parasite genetics of virulence
Authors: STERNBERG JEREMY M. , MACLEAN LORNA
Published: July 2010

For over 50 years it has been known that there are considerable differences in the severity and rate of progression of bothTrypanosoma brucei rhodesiense and T. b. gambienseinfection between individuals. Yet research into the factors, whether parasite or host, which control virulence in Human African trypanosomiasis is in its infancy. In this paper we review the clinical evidence for virulence variation and the epidemiological and experimental data that give clues as to the mechanisms involved. Evidence will be presented for both asymptomatic forms ofT. b. gambienseinfection and low virulence forms ofT. b. rhodesienseinfection in humans. While in both cases the mechanisms remain to be elucidated, the overall infection virulence phenotype is determined by both parasite and host genotype.
PADRE MARTINI, GAETANO GASPARI AND THE ‘PAGLIARINI COLLECTION’: A RENAISSANCE MUSIC LIBRARY REDISCOVERED
Authors: van Orden Kate , Vitolo Alfredo
Published: July 2010

A substantial collection of Cinque- and Seicento prints lies hidden in the Museo Internazionale e Biblioteca della Musica in Bologna. Practically unknown to scholars, at 274 titles it is among the largest collections dating from the Renaissance. The fortunate series of events that account for its survival are retraced, beginning with its formation c. 1580 and its purchase by Padre Giambattista Martini (1706–84) from the Pagliarini booksellers in Rome with the aid of Girolamo Chiti, and ending with its partial dispersion in the nineteenth century. A complete index of the collection is included, together with a list of the unica.
DNA damage and repair in human oocytes and embryos: a review
Authors: Ménézo Yves , Dale Brian , Cohen Marc
Published: July 2010

The genome of all cells is protected at all times by mechanisms collectively known as DNA repair activity (DRA). Such activity is particularly important at the beginning of human life, i.e. at fertilization, immediately after and at the very onset of embryonic development. DRA in early development is, by definition, of maternal origin: the transcripts stored during maturation, need to control the integrity of chromatin, at least until the maternal/zygotic transition at the 4- to 8-cell stage in the human embryo. Tolerance towards DNA damage must be low during this critical stage of development. The majority of DNA damage is due to either apoptosis or reactive oxygen species (ROS). Apoptosis, abortive or not, is a common feature in human sperm, especially in oligoasthenospermic patients and FAS ligand has been reported on the surface of human spermatozoa. The susceptibility of human sperm to DNA damage is well documented, particularly the negative effect of ROS (Kodama et al., 1997; Lopes et al., 1998a, b) and DNA modifying agents (Zenzes et al., 1999; Badouard et al., 2007). DNA damage in sperm is one of the major causes of male infertility and is of much concern in relation to the paternal transmission of mutations and cancer (Zenzes, 2000; Aitken et al., 2003; Fernández-Gonzalez, 2008). It is now clear that DNA damaged spermatozoa are able to reach the fertilization site in vivo (Zenzes et al., 1999), fertilize oocytes and generate early embryos both in vivo and in vitro. The effect of ROS on human oocytes is not as easy to study or quantify. It is a common consensus that the maternal genome is relatively well protected while in the maturing follicle; however damage may occur during the long quiescent period before meiotic re-activation (Zenzes et al., 1998). In fact, during the final stages of follicular growth, the oocyte may be susceptible to damage by ROS. With regards to the embryo there is active protection against ROS in the surrounding environment i.e. in follicular and tubal fluid (El Mouatassim et al., 2000; Guerin et al., 2001). DNA repair activity in the zygote is mandatory in order to avoid mutation in the germ line (Derijck et al., 2008). In this review we focus on the expression of mRNAs that regulate DNA repair capacity in the human oocyte and the mechanisms that protect the embryo against de novo damage.
VLF observations of ionospheric disturbances in association with TLEs from the EuroSprite‐2007 campaign
Authors: NaitAmor S. , AlAbdoadaim M. A. , Cohen M. B. , Cotts B. R. T. , Soula S. , Chanrion O. , Neubert T. , Abdelatif T.
Published: July 2010

Two Very Low Frequency (VLF) AWESOME remote sensing systems located at Algiers, Algeria (36.45°N, 3.28°E) and Sebha, Libya (27.02°N, 14.26°E) monitor VLF signal perturbations for evidence of ionospheric disturbances. During the EuroSprite‐2007 campaign a number of Transient Luminous Events (TLEs) were captured over the Mediterranean Sea by cameras at Pic du Midi (42.94°N, 0.14°E) and at Centre de Recherches Atmosphériques (CRA) in southwestern France (43.13°N, 0.37°E). The cameras observations are compared to collected VLF AWESOME data. We consider early VLF perturbations observed on 12–13, 17–18 October and 17–18 December, 2007. The data from the two VLF receivers confirm the association between TLEs and early VLF signal perturbations with the perturbations amplitudes dependent on the observation configuration i.e. whether the TLE is near the receiver, near the transmitter, or far from both and the scattering process. The results also reveal that the early VLF perturbations can occur in the absence of a TLE.
A tracer study of the Arctic Ocean's liquid freshwater export variability
Authors: Jahn Alexandra , Tremblay L. Bruno , Newton Robert , Holland Marika M. , Mysak Lawrence A. , Dmitrenko Igor A.
Published: July 2010

We present an analysis of the variability of the liquid Arctic freshwater (FW) export, using a simulation from the Community Climate System Model Version 3 (CCSM3) that includes passive tracers for FW from different sources. It is shown that the FW exported through the western Canadian Arctic Archipelago (CAA) comes mainly from the Pacific and from North American runoff. The variability of the FW export from both of these sources is generally in phase, due to the strong influence of variations of the velocity anomaly on the CAA FW export variability. The velocity anomaly in the CAA is in turn mainly governed by variations in the large‐scale atmospheric circulation (i.e., the Arctic Oscillation). In Fram Strait, the FW export is mainly composed of Eurasian runoff and FW of Pacific origin. The variability of the Fram Strait FW export is governed both by changes in the velocity and in the FW concentration, and the variability of the FW concentration from the two largest sources is not in phase. The Eurasian runoff export through Fram Strait depends strongly on the release of FW from the Eurasian shelf, which occurs during years with an anticyclonic circulation anomaly (negative Vorticity index) and takes 3 years to reach Fram Strait after leaving the shelf. In contrast, the variability of the Pacific FW export through Fram Strait is mainly controlled by changes in the Pacific FW storage in the Beaufort Gyre, with an increased export during years with a cyclonic circulation anomaly (positive Vorticity index).
Effects of bed roughness on boundary layer mixing and mass flux across the sediment‐water interface
Authors: Reidenbach M. A. , Limm M. , Hondzo M. , Stacey M. T.
Published: July 2010

Fine‐scale measurements of boundary layer flow and solute transport were conducted within a laboratory flume to determine how bed topography influences mixing and mass transport at the sediment‐water interface. Three different bed topographies were examined, with roughness composed of sand, gravel, or cobbles. Fluorescein dye, used as a dissolved tracer, was injected into the flow, and concentration and velocity were simultaneously measured using a combined planar laser‐induced fluorescence and particle image velocimetry technique. Enhanced turbulent mixing due to bed roughness increased mass flux across the sediment‐water interface between 1.3 times greater for the sand and 7.5 times greater for the cobble bed compared to estimates over a hydraulically smooth surface. As bed roughness increased, mass exchange became spatially more heterogeneous, coinciding with a transition from a boundary layer to a shear‐dominated mixing layer in the near‐wake region behind individual roughness elements. The enhanced flux increased pore water concentrations. However, for the same bed geometry, increased mean flow within the water column locally reduced pore water concentrations, likely due to greater downstream transport and dispersion occurring within the bed.
Outstanding Student Paper Awards
Authors: Anonymous
Published: July 2010

The following members received Outstanding Student Paper Awards at the 2009 AGU Fall Meeting, in San Francisco, Calif. Awards for other sections and focus groups will be published in future issues of Eos.
Carbonate control of H2 and CH4 production in serpentinization systems at elevated P‐Ts
Authors: Jones L. Camille , Rosenbauer Robert , Goldsmith Jonas I. , Oze Christopher
Published: July 2010

Serpentinization of forsteritic olivine results in the inorganic synthesis of molecular hydrogen (H2) in ultramafic hydrothermal systems (e.g., mid‐ocean ridge and forearc environments). Inorganic carbon in those hydrothermal systems may react with H2 to produce methane (CH4) and other hydrocarbons or react with dissolved metal ions to form carbonate minerals. Here, we report serpentinization experiments at 200°C and 300 bar demonstrating Fe2+ being incorporated into carbonates more rapidly than Fe2+ oxidation (and concomitant H2 formation) leading to diminished yields of H2 and H2‐dependent CH4. In addition, carbonate formation is temporally fast in carbonate oversaturated fluids. Our results demonstrate that carbonate chemistry ultimately modulates the abiotic synthesis of both H2 and CH4 in hydrothermal ultramafic systems and that ultramafic systems present great potential for CO2‐mineral sequestration.
Strong evidence for the tidal control on the longitudinal structure of the ionospheric F‐region
Authors: Pancheva Dora , Mukhtarov Plamen
Published: July 2010

This paper presents for the first time the global latitude structure and seasonal variability of the ionospheric response to the forced from below DE3 and DE2 tides during the period of time January 2008–March 2009. The COSMIC hmF2 and SABER temperature data have been utilized in order to define the ionospheric DE3 and DE2 tidal response to the DE3 and DE2 temperature tides propagating from below. The COSMIC DE3 and DE2 hmF2 tidal oscillations are derived by the same method as the tides seen the SABER temperatures. It has been shown that the longitude wave‐4 and wave‐3 hmF2 structures observed respectively in September and May 2008 are forced mainly by DE3 (wave‐4) and DE2 (wave‐3) temperature tides coming from below. The longitude wave‐3 hmF2 structure observed in January 2008 however is forced by the combined action of the DE2 temperature tide coming from below and the SPW3 probably generated in‐situ.