bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Never Too Old, Cold or Dry to Watch the Sky
Authors: Sheppard S. Andrew , Turner Julian , Thebault-Spieker Jacob , Zhu Haiyi , Terveen Loren
Published: December 2017

CoCoRaHS is a multinational citizen science project for observing precipitation. Like many citizen science projects, volunteer retention is a key measure of engagement and data quality. Through survival analysis, we found that participant age (self-reported at account creation) is a significant predictor of retention. Compared to all other age groups, participants aged 60-70 are much more likely to sign up for CoCoRaHS, and to remain active for several years. We also measured the influence of task difficulty and the relative frequency of rain, finding small but statistically significant and counterintuitive effects. Finally, we confirmed previous work showing that participation levels within the first month are highly predictive of eventual retention. We conclude with implications for observational citizen science projects and crowdsourcing research in general.
Independence and Efficient Domination on
P
6
-free Graphs
Authors: Lokshtanov Daniel , Pilipczuk Marcin , Leeuwen Erik Jan Van
Published: December 2017

In the M
aximum
W
eight
I
ndependent
S
et
problem, the input is a graph
G
, every vertex has a non-negative integer weight, and the task is to find a set
S
of pairwise nonadjacent vertices, maximizing the total weight of the vertices in
S
. We give an
n

O
(log
2
n
)

time algorithm for this problem on graphs excluding the path
P
6
on 6 vertices as an induced subgraph. Currently, there is no constant
k
known for which M
aximum
W
eight
I
ndependent
S
et
on
P
k
-free graphs becomes NP-hard, and our result implies that if such a
k
exists, then
k
> 6 unless all problems in NP can be decided in quasi-polynomial time.

Using the combinatorial tools that we develop for this algorithm, we also give a polynomial-time algorithm for M
aximum
W
eight
E
fficient
D
ominating
S
et
on
P
6
-free graphs. In this problem, the input is a graph
G
, every vertex has an integer weight, and the objective is to find a set
S
of maximum weight such that every vertex in
G
has exactly one vertex in
S
in its closed neighborhood or to determine that no such set exists. Prior to our work, the class of
P
6
-free graphs was the only class of graphs defined by a single forbidden induced subgraph on which the computational complexity of M
aximum
W
eight
E
fficient
D
ominating
S
et
was unknown.
Recent Developments in Non-Fermi Liquid Theory
Authors: Lee Sung-Sik
Published: December 2017

Non-Fermi liquids are unconventional metals whose physical properties deviate qualitatively from those of noninteracting fermions due to strong quantum fluctuations near Fermi surfaces. They arise when metals are subject to singular interactions mediated by soft collective modes. In the absence of well-defined quasiparticles, universal physics of non-Fermi liquids is captured by interacting field theories which replace Landau Fermi liquid theory. However, it has been difficult to understand their universal low-energy physics due to a lack of theoretical methods that take into account strong quantum fluctuations in the presence of abundant low-energy degrees of freedom. In this review, we discuss two approaches that have been recently developed for non-Fermi liquid theory with emphasis on two space dimensions. The first is a perturbative scheme based on a dimensional regularization, which achieves a controlled access to the low-energy physics by tuning the codimension of Fermi surface. The second is a nonperturbative approach which treats the interaction ahead of the kinetic term through a non-Gaussian scaling called interaction-driven scaling. Examples of strongly coupled non-Fermi liquids amenable to exact treatments through the interaction-driven scaling are discussed.
Focused Ion Beam Microstructuring of Quantum Matter
Authors: Moll Philip J.W.
Published: December 2017

Focused ion beam (FIB) machining promises exciting new possibilities for the study of quantum materials through precise control over the shape and geometry of single crystals on the submicrometer scale. It offers viable routes to fabricate high-quality mesoscale structures from materials that cannot yet be grown in thin-film form and to enhance the experimentally accessible signatures of new physical phenomena. Prototype devices can also be produced in a silicon-chip environment to investigate directly the materials application potential for future electronics. This review introduces the concepts of ion beam shaping of matter, discusses the role and extent of surface damage and material disorder inherent to these techniques, and gives an overview of recent experiments on FIB-structured crystals. Given the early stage of the field of FIB-fabricated quantum materials, much is yet to come, and emergent trends and future directions are also discussed.
Liquid Crystal Colloids
Authors: Smalyukh Ivan I.
Published: December 2017

Colloids are abundant in nature, science, and technology, with examples ranging from milk to quantum dots and the colloidal atom paradigm. Similarly, liquid crystal ordering is important in contexts ranging from biological membranes to laboratory models of cosmic strings and liquid crystal displays in consumer devices. Some of the most exciting recent developments in both of these soft matter fields emerge at their interface, in the fast-growing research arena of liquid crystal colloids. Mesoscale self-assembly in such systems may lead to artificial materials and to structures with emergent physical behavior arising from patterning of molecular order and nano- or microparticles into precisely controlled configurations. Liquid crystal colloids show exceptional promise for new discovery that may impinge on composite material fabrication, low-dimensional topology, photonics, and so on. Starting from physical underpinnings, I review the state of the art in this fast-growing field, with a focus on its scientific and technological potential.
Particle Filters and Data Assimilation
Authors: Fearnhead Paul , Künsch Hans R.
Published: December 2017

State-space models can be used to incorporate subject knowledge on the underlying dynamics of a time series by the introduction of a latent Markov state process. A user can specify the dynamics of this process together with how the state relates to partial and noisy observations that have been made. Inference and prediction then involve solving a challenging inverse problem: calculating the conditional distribution of quantities of interest given the observations. This article reviews Monte Carlo algorithms for solving this inverse problem, covering methods based on the particle filter and the ensemble Kalman filter. We discuss the challenges posed by models with high-dimensional states, joint estimation of parameters and the state, and inference for the history of the state process. We also point out some potential new developments that will be important for tackling cutting-edge filtering applications.
Robust Nonparametric Inference
Authors: Nordhausen Klaus , Oja Hannu
Published: December 2017

In this article, we provide a personal review of the literature on nonparametric and robust tools in the standard univariate and multivariate location and scatter, as well as linear regression problems, with a special focus on sign and rank methods, their equivariance and invariance properties, and their robustness and efficiency. Beyond parametric models, the population quantities of interest are often formulated as location, scatter, skewness, kurtosis and other functionals. Some old and recent tools for model checking, dimension reduction, and subspace estimation in wide semiparametric models are discussed. We also discuss recent extensions of procedures in certain nonstandard semiparametric cases including clustered and matrix-valued data. Our personal list of important unsolved and future issues is provided.
Statistical Challenges in Assessing the Engineering Properties of Forest Products
Authors: Zidek James V. , Lum Conroy
Published: December 2017

While the traditional approach to engineering materials aims to reduce their variability through a (generally energy-intensive) refining process, a more environmentally appropriate approach is to keep the product as natural as possible and quantify their variability, while reducing their variability only as necessary. This is the approach for sawn lumber and other solid wood products, made possible by the application of advanced statistical theory in the manufacturing, grading, and evaluation processes and in the engineering design models. This article reviews a number of statistical advances related to these objectives, and it ends with a view of a future characterized by engineered wood products and the use of high technology.
pH recovery from a proton load in rat cardiomyocytes: effects of chronic exercise
Authors: Danes Vennetia R. , Anthony Josephine , Rayani Kaveh , Spitzer Kenneth W. , Tibbits Glen F.
Published: December 2017

The ability of cardiomyocytes to recover from a proton load was examined in the hearts of exercise-trained and sedentary control rats in CO2/[Formula: see text]-free media. Acidosis was created by the NH4Cl prepulse technique, and intracellular pH (pHi) was determined using fluorescence microscopy on carboxy-SNARF-1 AM-loaded isolated cardiomyocytes. CO2-independent pHi buffering capacity (βi) was measured by incrementally reducing the extracellular NH4Cl concentration in steps of 50% from 20 to 1.25 mM. βi increased as pHi decreased in both exercise-trained and sedentary control groups. However, the magnitude of increase in βi as a function of pHi was found to be significantly ( P < 0.001) greater in the exercise-trained group compared with the sedentary control group. The rate of pHi recovery from an imposed proton load was found to not be different between the exercise-trained and control groups. The Na+/H+ exchanger-dependent H+ extrusion rate during the recovery from an imposed proton load, however, was found to be significantly greater in the exercise-trained group compared with the control group. By increasing βi and subsequently the Na+/H+ exchanger-dependent H+ extrusion rate, exercise training may provide cardiomyocytes with the ability to better handle an intracellular excess of H+ generated during hypoxia/ischemic insults and may serve in a cardioprotective role. These data may be predictive of two positive outcomes: 1) increased exercise tolerance by the heart and 2) a protective mechanism that limits the degree of myocardial acidosis and subsequent damage that accompanies ischemia-reperfusion stress.

NEW & NOTEWORTHY The enhanced ability to deal with acidosis conferred by exercise training is likely to improve exercise tolerance and outcomes in response to myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury.
Response inhibition activates distinct motor cortical inhibitory processes
Authors: Cirillo John , Cowie Matthew J. , MacDonald Hayley J. , Byblow Winston D.
Published: December 2017

We routinely cancel preplanned movements that are no longer required. If stopping is forewarned, proactive processes are engaged to selectively decrease motor cortex excitability. However, without advance information there is a nonselective reduction in motor cortical excitability. In this study we examined modulation of human primary motor cortex inhibitory networks during response inhibition tasks with informative and uninformative cues using paired-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation. Long- (LICI) and short-interval intracortical inhibition (SICI), indicative of GABAB- and GABAA-receptor mediated inhibition, respectively, were examined from motor evoked potentials obtained in task-relevant and task-irrelevant hand muscles when response inhibition was preceded by informative and uninformative cues. When the participants (10 men and 8 women) were cued to stop only a subcomponent of the bimanual response, the remaining response was delayed, and the extent of delay was greatest in the more reactive context, when cues were uninformative. For LICI, inhibition was reduced in both muscles during all types of response inhibition trials compared with the pre-task resting baseline. When cues were uninformative and left-hand responses were suddenly canceled, task-relevant LICI positively correlated with response times of the responding right hand. In trials where left-hand responding was highly probable or known (informative cues), task-relevant SICI was reduced compared with that when cued to rest, revealing a motor set indicative of responding. These novel findings indicate that the GABAB-receptor-mediated pathway may set a default inhibitory tone according to task context, whereas the GABAA-receptor-mediated pathways are recruited proactively with response certainty.

NEW & NOTEWORTHY We examined how informative and uninformative cues that trigger both proactive and reactive processes modulate GABAergic inhibitory networks within human primary motor cortex. We show that GABAB inhibition was released during the task regardless of cue type, whereas GABAA inhibition was reduced when responding was highly probable or known compared with rest. GABAB-receptor-mediated inhibition may set a default inhibitory tone, whereas GABAA circuits may be modulated proactively according to response certainty.
Starring or Supporting Role? Satellite Cells and Skeletal Muscle Fiber Size Regulation
Authors: Murach Kevin A. , Fry Christopher S. , Kirby Tyler J. , Jackson Janna R. , Lee Jonah D. , White Sarah H. , Dupont-Versteegden Esther E. , McCarthy John J. , Peterson Charlotte A.
Published: December 2017

Recent loss-of-function studies show that satellite cell depletion does not promote sarcopenia or unloading-induced atrophy, and does not prevent regrowth. Although overload-induced muscle fiber hypertrophy is normally associated with satellite cell-mediated myonuclear accretion, hypertrophic adaptation proceeds in the absence of satellite cells in fully grown adult mice, but not in young growing mice. Emerging evidence also indicates that satellite cells play an important role in remodeling the extracellular matrix during hypertrophy.
Self-Loosening Failure Analysis of Bolt Joints under Vibration considering the Tightening Process
Authors: Chen Yan , Gao Qiang , Guan Zhenqun
Published: December 2017

By considering the tightening process, a three-dimensional elastic finite element analysis is conducted to explore the mechanism of bolt self-loosening under transverse cyclic loading. According to the geometrical features of the thread, a hexahedral meshing is implemented by modifying the node coordinates based on cylinder meshes and an ABAQUS plug-in is made for parametric modeling. The accuracy of the finite element model is verified and validated by comparison with the analytical and experimental results on torque-tension relationship. And, then, the fastening states acquired by different means are compared. The results show that the tightening process cannot be replaced by a simplified method because its fastening state is different from the real process. With combining the tightening and self-loosening processes, this paper utilizes the relative rotation angles and velocities to investigate the slip states on contact surfaces instead of the Coulomb friction coefficient method, which is used in most previous researches. By contrast, this method can describe the slip states in greater detail. In addition, the simulation result reveals that there exists a creep slip phenomenon at contact surface, which causes the bolt self-loosening to occur even when some contact facets are stuck.
Novel In Vitro Cancer Models for Optimizing Anti-EGFR Therapies
Authors: Napolitano Stefania , Ciardiello Fortunato
Published: December 2017

Preclinical models, which are able to recapitulate the biology and pathology of the original individual cancer, are needed to better investigate mechanisms of response and resistance to anticancer therapies. In this respect, novel in vitro models for metastatic colorectal cancer could be of high value. Clin Cancer Res; 24(4); 727–9. ©2017 AACR.

See related article by Luraghi et al., p. 807
Two Years Follow-Up of Patients with Abnormal Uterine Bleeding after Insertion of the Levonorgestrel-Releasing Intrauterine System
Authors: Cim Numan , Soysal Sunullah , Sayan Sena , Yildizhan Begum , Karaman Erbil , Cetin Orkun , Tolunay Harun Egemen , Yildizhan Recep
Published: December 2017

Aim: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system (LNG-IUS) in the long-term treatment of heavy menstrual blood loss in women unrelated to intrauterine pathology. Methods: One hundred and six parous women aged 33–48 years with recurrent heavy menstrual bleeding (HMB) participated in this study. The women were followed up for 24 months and were assessed for intensity of bleeding both for pre- and post-insertion periods. An LNG-IUS was inserted in each patient within 7 days of the start of menstrual flow. The women were followed up at 1, 3, 6, 12, 18, and 24 months following the insertion of the intrauterine device. Results: One hundred and two women completed the follow-up period and had a significant reduction in the amount of menstrual blood loss. The LNG-IUS was well tolerated by all women. Pre-treatment of the use of the LNG-IUS, endometrial biopsy patterns for irregular proliferative endometrium and for atypical simple hyperplasia were 34/106 (32.08%) and 61/106 (57.55%) respectively and after treatment no abnormal pathologic findings were determined (p < 0.001). Conclusion: Our findings indicate that the LNG-IUS is effective for significantly reducing the amount of menstrual blood loss in women with HMB.
Long-Term Skeletal Disproportion in Childhood-Onset Crohn’s Disease
Authors: Mason Avril , Gerasimidis Konstantinos , Iljuhhina Jelena , Laird Susan , Munro Joanne , Gaya Daniel R. , Russell Richard K. , Ahmed S. Faisal
Published: December 2017

Background: It is unclear whether Crohn’s disease (CD) is associated with skeletal disproportion in adulthood. Methods: Height (Ht), sitting height (SHt) and leg length were studied in 44 children (male: 22), 23 adults (male: 10) with childhood-onset (CO) CD and 26 adults (male: 9) with adult-onset (AO) CD with a median (range) age of 13.7 (10, 17.3), 21.5 (18, 32) and 31.0 (22, 40) years, respectively. Results: Adults with CO-CD had a median Ht standard deviation score (SDS) of –0.9 (–2.3, 0.0) compared to 0.6 (–0.8, 1.0) in those with AO-CD (p < 0.05). Compared to a normal population, men, but not women, with CO-CD also had lower median SHt SDS at –1.1 (2.5, –0.5) (p < 0.05). The expected positive association that is normally found between leg length and SHt SDS was not evident in the adults with CO-CD. Conclusion: Short stature in adults with CO-CD is more pronounced in men and may be associated with poor spinal growth.
Bladder Fetal Rhabdomyoma Intermediate Type
Authors: González-Pérez L. , Alvarez-Argüelles H. , Ramos Gutiérrez V.J. , Hernández S. García , Plata Bello A.C. , Concepción Masip T. , Salido Ruiz E.
Published: December 2017

Introduction: Rhabdomyomas are benign tumors of striated muscle, the bladder localization is very rare. Clinical Case: We present an 87-year-old male consulting for gross hematuria. Cystoscopy was done with evidence of bulged bladder mucosa in right side wall and dome. Post-transurethral resection of the bladder (TURB) pathological anatomy was negative for malignancy. As extension study abdominopelvic computed tomography was performed identifying a bladder thickening of right posterior sidewall and an increased density of the adjacent fat. Second TURB was performed and a fetal bladder rhabdomyoma intermediate type was obtained. We performed another biopsy to confirm this rare pathology, with the same diagnosis. Subsequently, the patient continues with hematuria deciding on hemostatic radiotherapy (not candidate for cystectomy or arterial embolization). Currently, the patient is asymptomatic. Discussion: Bladder rhabdomyomas are rare tumors, and, in fact, there have been only 5 papers published. Some cases are only isolation cited in the bladder mesenchymal tumors, and other polemic cases in which clinical and macroscopic characteristics remembered a rhabdomyosarcoma. The importance of this publication case is the macro- and microscopic images that can corroborate the final diagnosis, helping us to differentiate between rhabdomyoma, rhabdomyofibroma, or the malignant rhabdomyosarcoma, and shows the treatment possibilities of these tumors.
Response of Renal Podocytes to Excessive Hydrostatic Pressure: a Pathophysiologic Cascade in a Malignant Hypertension Model
Authors: Abu Hamad Ramzia , Berman Sylvia , Hachmo Yafit , Stark Moshe , Hasan Fadia , Doenyas-Barak Keren , Efrati Shai
Published: December 2017

Background/Aims: Renal injuries induced by increased intra-glomerular pressure coincide with podocyte detachment from the glomerular basement membrane (GBM). In previous studies, it was demonstrated that mesangial cells have a crucial role in the pathogenesis of malignant hypertension. However, the exact pathophysiological cascade responsible for podocyte detachment and its relationship with mesangial cells has not been fully elucidated yet and this was the aim of the current study. Methods: Rat renal mesangial or podocytes were exposed to high hydrostatic pressure in an in-vitro model of malignant hypertension. The resulted effects on podocyte detachment, apoptosis and expression of podocin and integrinβ1 in addition to Angiotensin-II and TGF-β1 generation were evaluated. To simulate the paracrine effect podocytes were placed in mesangial cell media pre-exposed to pressure, or in media enriched with Angiotensin-II, TGF-β1 or receptor blockers. Results: High pressure resulted in increased Angiotensin-II levels in mesangial and podocyte cells. Angiotensin-II via the AT1 receptors reduced podocin expression and integrinβ1, culminating in detachment of both viable and apoptotic podocytes. Mesangial cells exposed to pressure had a greater increase in Angiotensin-II than pressure-exposed podocytes. The massively increased concentration of Angiotensin-II by mesangial cells, together with increased TGF-β1 production, resulted in increased apoptosis and detachment of non-viable apoptotic podocytes. Unlike the direct effect of pressure on podocytes, the mesangial mediated effects were not related to changes in adhesion proteins expression. Conclusions: Hypertension induces podocyte detachment by autocrine and paracrine effects. In a direct response to pressure, podocytes increase Angiotensin-II levels. This leads, via AT1 receptors, to structural changes in adhesion proteins, culminating in viable podocyte detachment. Paracrine effects of hypertension, mediated by mesangial cells, lead to higher levels of both Angiotensin-II and TGF-β1, culminating in apoptosis and detachment of non-viable podocytes.
Comparison of Muscle Mass Indices Using Computed Tomography or Dual X-Ray Absorptiometry for Predicting Physical Performance in Hemodialysis Patients
Authors: Kang Seok Hui , Lee Hyun Seok , Lee Sukyung , Cho Ji-Hyung , Kim Jun Chul
Published: December 2017

Background/Aims: Our study aims to evaluate the association between thigh muscle cross-sectional area (TMA) using computed tomography (CT), or appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASM) using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA), and physical performance levels in hemodialysis (HD) patients. Methods: Patients were included if they were on HD for ≥6 months (n = 84). ASM and TMA were adjusted to body weight (BW, kg) or height2 (Ht2, m2). Each participant performed a short physical performance battery test (SPPB), a sit-to-stand for 30 second test (STS30), a 6-minute walk test (6-MWT), a timed up and go test (TUG), and hand grip strength (HGS) test. Results: Correlation coefficients for SPPB, GS, 5STS, STS30, 6-MWT, and TUG were highest in TMA/BW. Results from partial correlation or linear regression analyses displayed similar trends to those derived from Pearson’s correlation analyses. An increase in TMA/BW or TMA/Ht2 was associated with a decreased odds ratio of low SPPB, GS, or HGS in multivariate analyses. Indices using DEXA were associated with a decreased odds ratio of a low HGS only in multivariate analysis. Conclusion: TMA indices using CT may be more valuable in predicting physical performance or strength in HD patients.
Association of the TG/HDL-C and Non-HDL-C/HDL-C Ratios with Chronic Kidney Disease in an Adult Chinese Population
Authors: Wen Jia , Chen Yiyin , Huang Yun , Lu Yao , Liu Xing , Zhou Honghao , Yuan Hong
Published: December 2017

Background/Aims: Evidence indicates a role for dyslipidemia in the development of chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, the association of lipid abnormalities and their ratios with kidney disease using the new CKD Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) equation is not well understood. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 48,054 adult subjects. CKD was defined as an estimated glomerular filtration rate <60 ml/min/1.73 m2 or dipstick-positive proteinuria. Logistic regression models were used to examine the relationship between lipid variables and CKD. Results: The prevalence of CKD in this study was 3.7%. When the participants exhibited higher serum triglyceride (TG), a higher TG/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (TG/HDL-c) ratio or a higher non-HDL-c/HDL-c ratio or HDL-c in a lower quartile, the prevalence of CKD tended to be higher. The multivariate adjusted odds ratios for CKD per 1 standard deviation increase in lipid level were 1.17 (1.10-1.23) for TG, 0.86 (0.79-0.93) for HDL-c, 1.21 (1.13-1.31) for the TG/HDL-c ratio, and 1.14 (1.06-1.22) for the non-HDL-c/HDL-c ratio. No significant association was detected between CKD and total cholesterol (TC), non-HDL-c or the low-density lipoprotein cholesterol/HDL-c (LDL-c/HDL-c) ratio. Conclusion: In this relatively healthy adult Chinese population, the CKD-EPI equation determined that the TG/HDL-c and non-HDL-c/HDL-c ratios as well as TG and HDL-c correlate with the prevalence of CKD.
Association Between GLCCI1 Promoter Polymorphism (Rs37972) and Post-Transplant Hypertension in Renal Transplant Recipients
Authors: Hamada Aki Mafune , Yamamoto Izumi , Nakada Yasuyuki , Kobayashi Akimitsu , Koike Yusuke , Miki Jun , Yamada Hiroki , Tanno Yudo , Ohkido Ichiro , Tsuboi Nobuo , Yamamoto Hiroyasu , Urashima Mitsuyoshi , Yokoo Takashi
Published: December 2017

Background/Aims: Post-transplant hypertension is highly prevalent in renal transplant recipients and is a risk factor for graft loss, cardiovascular disease and death. Glucocorticoid is used to prevent rejection, but simultaneously increases the risk of post-transplant hypertension. The glucocorticoid-induced transcript 1 (GLCCI1) promoter polymorphism (rs37972) has been reported to be associated with response to glucocorticoid therapy in asthma. We therefore examined the association between GLCCI1 promoter polymorphism and post-transplant hypertension in renal transplant recipients. Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of renal transplantation at a single university hospital from October 2003 to January 2014. Fifty consecutive adult recipients were analyzed, with clinical data retrieved from a prospectively collected database. Genotyping was carried out using genomic DNA derived from recipient’s blood. GLCCI1 immunoreactivity in vascular endothelial cells was quantitatively analyzed by immunohistochemical staining of recipients’ native kidney biopsy-specimens. The primary outcome measure was post-transplant hypertension. Results: Post-transplant hypertension was observed in 14/17 (82%) of recipients with CC, 18/20 (90%) with CT, and 2/13 (15%) with TT genotype. CC/CT genotype was significantly associated with post-transplant hypertension, even after adjustment for covariates (odds ratio, 10.6; 95% confidence intervals, 1.32 to 85.8; P = 0.026). In addition, we observed that GLCCI1 immunoreactivity in arteriolar endothelial cells was higher in kidney specimens obtained from recipients with a CC/CT genotype than a TT genotype (P = 0.021). Conclusion: GLCCI1 promoter polymorphism rs37972 may be associated with post-transplant hypertension.
The MiR-495/Annexin A3/P53 Axis Inhibits the Invasion and EMT of Colorectal Cancer Cells
Authors: Bai Zhigang , Wang Jin , Wang Tingting , Li Yuan , Zhao Xiaomu , Wu Guocong , Yang Yingchi , Deng Wei , Zhang Zhongtao
Published: December 2017

Background/Aims: More and more reports have shown that the dysregulation of miRNAs can contribute to the progression and metastasis of human cancers. Many studies have shown that the down-regulation of the miR-495 level occurs in a variety of cancers, including colorectal cancer (CRC). However, the precise molecular mechanisms of miR-495 in CRC have not been well clarified. In the current study, we investigated the biological functions and molecular mechanisms of miR-495 in CRC cell lines. Methods: qRT-PCR was used to determine the level of miR-495 in CRC cell lines and tissues. A miR-495 mimic and inhibitor were transfected into CRC cells, and the effects of miR-495 on the invasion and EMT were explored by qRT-PCR as well as transwell and Western blot assays. Meanwhile, luciferase assays were performed to validate Annexin A3 as a miR-495 target in CRC cells. Results: In our study, we found that miR-495 is down-regulated in CRC tissues and cell lines. Moreover, the low level of miR-495 was associated with increased expression of Annexin A3 in CRC tissues and cell lines. The invasion and EMT of CRC cells were suppressed by the overexpression of miR-495. However, the down-regulation of miR-495 promoted the invasion and EMT of CRC cells. Bioinformatics analysis predicted that Annexin A3 was a potential target gene of miR-495. Next, the luciferase reporter assay confirmed that miR-495 could directly target Annexin A3. Consistent with the effect of miR-495, the down-regulation of Annexin A3 by siRNA inhibited the invasion and EMT of CRC cells through the up-regulation of p53. The introduction of Annexin A3 in CRC cells partially blocked the effects of the miR-495 mimic. Conclusion: The introduction of miR-495 directly targeted Annexin A3 to inhibit the invasion and EMT of CRC cells by up-regulating p53, and the down-regulation of Annexin A3 was essential for inhibiting the invasion and EMT of CRC cells by overexpressing miR-495. Overall, the re-activation of the miR-495/Annexin A3/ p53 axis may represent a new strategy for overcoming metastasis of CRC.
Application of Large-Scale Aptamer-Based Proteomic Profiling to Planned Myocardial Infarctions
Authors: Jacob Jaison , Ngo Debby , Finkel Nancy , Pitts Rebecca , Gleim Scott , Benson Mark D. , Keyes Michelle J. , Farrell Laurie A. , Morgan Thomas , Jennings Lori L. , Gerszten Robert E.
Published: December 2017

Background:

Emerging proteomic technologies using novel affinity-based reagents allow for efficient multiplexing with high-sample throughput. To identify early biomarkers of myocardial injury, we recently applied an aptamer-based proteomic profiling platform that measures 1129 proteins to samples from patients undergoing septal alcohol ablation for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, a human model of planned myocardial injury. Here, we examined the scalability of this approach using a markedly expanded platform to study a far broader range of human proteins in the context of myocardial injury.

Methods:

We applied a highly multiplexed, expanded proteomic technique that uses single-stranded DNA aptamers to assay 4783 human proteins (4137 distinct human gene targets) to derivation and validation cohorts of planned myocardial injury, individuals with spontaneous myocardial infarction, and at-risk controls.

Results:

We found 376 target proteins that significantly changed in the blood after planned myocardial injury in a derivation cohort (n=20;
P
<1.05E-05, 1-way repeated measures analysis of variance, Bonferroni threshold). Two hundred forty-seven of these proteins were validated in an independent planned myocardial injury cohort (n=15;
P
<1.33E-04, 1-way repeated measures analysis of variance); >90% were directionally consistent and reached nominal significance in the validation cohort. Among the validated proteins that were increased within 1 hour after planned myocardial injury, 29 were also elevated in patients with spontaneous myocardial infarction (n=63;
P
<6.17E-04). Many of the novel markers identified in our study are intracellular proteins not previously identified in the peripheral circulation or have functional roles relevant to myocardial injury. For example, the cardiac LIM protein, cysteine- and glycine-rich protein 3, is thought to mediate cardiac mechanotransduction and stress responses, whereas the mitochondrial ATP synthase F
0
subunit component is a vasoactive peptide on its release from cells. Last, we performed aptamer-affinity enrichment coupled with mass spectrometry to technically verify aptamer specificity for a subset of the new biomarkers.

Conclusions:

Our results demonstrate the feasibility of large-scale aptamer multiplexing at a level that has not previously been reported and with sample throughput that greatly exceeds other existing proteomic methods. The expanded aptamer-based proteomic platform provides a unique opportunity for biomarker and pathway discovery after myocardial injury.
PINGS (Phone-Based Intervention Under Nurse Guidance After Stroke)
Authors: Sarfo Fred , Treiber Frank , Gebregziabher Mulugeta , Adamu Sheila , Patel Sachin , Nichols Michelle , Awuah Dominic , Sakyi Asumadu , Adu-Darko Nyantakyi , Singh Arti , Tagge Raelle , Carolyn Jenkins , Ovbiagele Bruce
Published: December 2017

Background and Purpose—

Stroke exacts an immense toll in sub-Saharan Africa where there are few resources, and stroke prevention research is limited. The aim of this study is to test the feasibility and preliminary efficacy of an m-Health technology–enabled, nurse-guided intervention in improving blood pressure (BP) control among Ghanaian stroke patients within 1 month of symptom onset.

Methods—

We conducted a 2-arm cluster pilot randomized controlled trial involving 60 recent stroke survivors encountered within a single tertiary medical system in Ghana. Subjects in the intervention arm (n=30) received a Blue-toothed UA-767Plus BT BP device and smartphone for monitoring and reporting BP measurements and medication intake for 3 months compared with standard of care (n=30). Primary outcome measure was systolic BP <140 mm Hg at month 3; secondary outcomes included medication adherence and autonomous self-regulation. Analysis accounting for clustering was made using generalized linear mixed model by intention to treat.

Results—

Mean±SD age was 55±13 years, 65% male. Systolic BP <140 mm Hg at month 3 was found in 20/30 subjects (66.7%) in the intervention arm versus 14/30 subjects (46.7%) in the control arm (
P
=0.12). Medication possession ratio scores at month 3 were better in the intervention (0.88±0.40) versus control (0.64±0.45) arm (
P
=0.03). One subject in control arm died from a recurrent hemorrhagic stroke.

Conclusions—

It is feasible to conduct an m-Health–based, nurse-guided BP control intervention among recent stroke patients in sub-Saharan Africa. We observed a potential signal of efficacy with the intervention, which will need to be tested in a future large definitive study.

Clinical Trial Registration—

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT02568137.
The Neural Basis of Successful Word Reading in Aphasia
Authors: Pillay Sara B. , Gross William L. , Graves William W. , Humphries Colin , Book Diane S. , Binder Jeffrey R.
Published: December 2017

Understanding the neural basis of recovery from stroke is a major research goal. Many functional neuroimaging studies have identified changes in brain activity in people with aphasia, but it is unclear whether these changes truly support successful performance or merely reflect increased task difficulty. We addressed this problem by examining differences in brain activity associated with correct and incorrect responses on an overt reading task. On the basis of previous proposals that semantic retrieval can assist pronunciation of written words, we hypothesized that recruitment of semantic areas would be greater on successful trials. Participants were 21 patients with left-hemisphere stroke with phonologic retrieval deficits. They read words aloud during an event-related fMRI paradigm. BOLD signals obtained during correct and incorrect trials were contrasted to highlight brain activity specific to successful trials. Successful word reading was associated with higher BOLD signal in the left angular gyrus. In contrast, BOLD signal in bilateral posterior inferior frontal cortex, SMA, and anterior cingulate cortex was greater on incorrect trials. These data show for the first time the brain regions where neural activity is correlated specifically with successful performance in people with aphasia. The angular gyrus is a key node in the semantic network, consistent with the hypothesis that additional recruitment of the semantic system contributes to successful word production when phonologic retrieval is impaired. Higher activity in other brain regions during incorrect trials likely reflects secondary engagement of attention, working memory, and error monitoring processes when phonologic retrieval is unsuccessful.
Typification of the name Litsea mackeei (née Lauraceae) and its reassignment to the synonymy of Osmanthus austrocaledonicus var. austrocaledonicus (Oleaceae)
Authors: MUNZINGER JÉRÔME , MCPHERSON GORDON
Published: December 2017

The protologue of Litsea mackeei states that its holotype is at P. However, two specimens bearing the type number appear to exist at P, the second specimen belonging to a species different from the first and bearing as well a label with a different collection number. Fortunately, a clear indication of which plant Kostermans was describing is provided by his handwritten annotation of the isotype at L. A lectotype is therefore chosen, the name is synonymized with Osmanthus austrocaledonicus var. austrocaledonicus and the origin of this unlikely error is discussed.
A description of Macrobiotus horningi sp. nov. and redescriptions of M. maculatus comb. nov. Iharos, 1973 and M. rawsoni Horning et al., 1978 (Tardigrada: Eutardigrada: Macrobiotidae: hufelandi group)
Authors: KACZMAREK ŁUKASZ , MICHALCZYK ŁUKASZ
Published: December 2017

We examined microscope slides from Horning and Iharos tardigrade collections from Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa in Wellington and Hungarian Natural History Museum in Budapest with species of the Macrobiotus hufelandi group. Based on this material we describe one new species, Macrobiotus horningi sp. nov., and re-describe two others, M. maculatus comb. nov. Iharos, 1973 and M. rawsoni Horning et al., 1978. With the oral cavity armature of the patagonicus type and chorion of the hufelandi type, Macrobiotus horningi sp. nov. is most similar to: M. personatus Biserov, 1990, M. sandrae Bertolani & Rebecchi, 1993, M. serratus Bertolani et al., 1996, M. sottilei Pilato et al., 2012, M. terminalis Bertolani & Rebecchi, 1993 and M. vladimiri Bertolani et al., 2011, but it differs from them in morphological and morphometric traits. With eggs of the maculatus type, M. maculatus comb. nov. is most similar to: M. biserovi Bertolani et al., 1996, M. denticulatus Dastych, 2002, M. macrocalix Bertolani & Rebecchi, 1993 and M. ramoli Dastych, 2005, but differs from them in morphological and morphometric characters.
Radar Network–Based Detection of Mesocyclones at the German Weather Service
Authors: Hengstebeck Thomas , Wapler Kathrin , Heizenreder Dirk , Joe Paul
Published: December 2017

The radar network of the German Weather Service [Deutscher Wetterdienst (DWD)] provides 3D Doppler data in high spatial and temporal resolution, supporting the identification and tracking of dynamic small-scale weather phenomena. The software framework Polarimetric Radar Algorithms (POLARA) has been developed at DWD to better exploit the capabilities of the existing remote sensing data. The data processing and quality assurance implemented in POLARA include a dual-PRF dealiasing algorithm with error correction. Azimuthal shear information is derived and processed in the mesocyclone detection algorithm (MCD). Low- and midlevel azimuthal shear and track products are available as composite (multiradar) products. Azimuthal shear may be considered as a proxy for rotation. The MCD results and azimuthal shear products are part of the severe weather detection algorithms of DWD and are provided to the forecaster on the NinJo meteorological workstation system. The forecaster analyzes potentially severe cells by combining near-storm environment data with the MCD product as well as with the instantaneous azimuthal shear products (mid- and low level) and their tracks. These products and tracks are used to diagnose threat potential by means of azimuthal shear intensity and track longevity. Feedback from forecasters has shown the utility of the algorithms to analyze and diagnose severe convective cells in Germany and in adjacent Europe. In this paper, the abovementioned algorithms and products are presented in detail and case studies illustrating usability and performance are shown.
Internet-Based Entrepreneurial Finance: Lessons from Germany
Authors: Hornuf Lars , Schwienbacher Armin
Published: December 2017

The Internet-based crowdinvesting market in Europe has developed significantly since its start in 2007 and has become an alternative source of finance for entrepreneurs to sell securities through the Internet to small investors. This market evidences a great variety in platform design and contract forms used by crowdinvesting platforms. By analyzing more detailed, hand-collected data on the complete set of successful and unsuccessful crowdinvesting campaigns run in Germany, this article tests whether different platform and contractual mechanisms affect crowd participation. The results show that crowd participation is largest when the minimum ticket size is small, the crowd is pooled in a financial vehicle, and the crowd is offered investments in the form of profit-participating loans. Moreover, the very same mechanisms increase the chances of achieving successful campaigns and raising a larger amount.
India’s Environmental Strategy in the Global Climate Negotiations
Authors: Barua Mintu
Published: December 2017

Politicization of environment is a unique feature of international politics in the twenty-first century. In the game of environmental politics, rising powers, like India, are playing a very decisive role as they are indispensable factors in achieving a solution of climate crisis. Since the beginning of global environmental politics (GEP), India has been a game changer, sometimes regarded as a deal breaker. India’s environmental negotiation strategies are based on equity, which often successfully derail the global environmental negotiations. From 2006 onwards, at the domestic level, a series of environmental policies were adopted by the Indian government that reflected optimism about resolving the crisis of environment. The policies were mainly focused on energy efficiency. Also, contrary to its long-standing position, in 2009, India voluntarily committed to reduce its carbon emission, which was revised in the form of Intended Nationally Determined Contributions (INDC) in Paris Agreement in 2015. However, the changes in Indian environmental policies, both at the domestic and international levels, are not sudden, but they are deeply linked with the concerns of India’s energy security. India’s declaration of sunshine alliance at the Paris climate conference is nothing but a giant leap towards transforming India from an energy-dependent country to energy-independent country.
‘The Gifts and the Calling of God Are Irrevocable’ (Rom 11:29): A Theological Reflection
Authors: Moyaert Marianne
Published: December 2017

In 2015 the Commission for Religions Relations with the Jews published a document called ‘The Gifts and the Calling of God Are Irrevocable’ (Rom 11:29): A Reflection on Theological Questions Pertaining to Catholic–Jewish Relations on the Occasion of the 50th Anniversary of ‘Nostra Aetate’ (no. 4). In this article I will focus in particular on some of the theological questions that are addressed in sections 3 through 6—questions that have increasingly moved into the foreground in the dialogue in recent decades. In particular, I will explore the relation between the old and new covenant, how the uniqueness and universality of salvation in Christ are related to the recognition that God’s covenant with Israel has never been revoked, and the question of the mission to the Jews. In presenting the document and grappling with it, (1) I will glance back briefly and outline the theological status quaestionis, I will then (2) analyze what new developments The Gifts formulates. Finally, moving beyond the document, (3) I will engage it in discussion.
The Logic of Reparative Substitution: Contemporary Restitution Models of Atonement, Divine Justice, and Somatic Death
Authors: Farris Joshua , Hamilton S. Mark
Published: December 2017

The doctrine of Christ’s atonement is a subject of recurrent interest to contemporary philosophical-theologians. The Penal Substitution theory of atonement, in particular, has precipitated a great deal of interest. In this article, we offer several reasons—reasons related to the nature of divine justice and somatic death—for thinking that a version of Anselm’s Satisfaction theory of atonement is not only a viable, but preferable, Protestant theory of atonement to penal substitution.
A Snapshot on the Daily Sedentary Behavior of Community Dwelling Older African American Women
Authors: Sebastião Emerson , Chodzko-Zajko Wojtek , Schwingel Andiara
Published: December 2017

Long periods of sedentary behavior (SB) is detrimental for health. This study investigated SB in older African American women (OAAW) and further compared it between participants of different physical activity status. Twenty OAAW had their sedentary time measured by accelerometers for seven consecutive days. Actigraph 6 processed accelerometer data and SPSS was used for statistical analysis with significance set at p < .05. Our sample spent approximately 9 hours in SB with an average of 27 breaks of sedentary time per day. The inactive group had higher amounts of time ( p < .01) on the average length of sedentary bout and the average number of sedentary bouts longer than 30 minutes compared with the active group. OAAW spend large amounts of their awaking hours in sedentary activities. The findings suggest that the inactive women may be at increased health risk based on the low levels of physical activity and the prolonged sedentary bouts.
Effect of inorganic nanofillers on the impact behavior and fracture probability of industrial high-density polyethylene nanocomposite
Authors: Sepet Harun , Tarakcioglu Necmettin , Misra RDK
Published: December 2017

The main purpose of this work is to study how the morphology of nanofillers and dispersion and distribution level of inorganic nanofiller influence the impact behavior and fracture probability of inorganic filler filled industrial high-density polyethylene nanocomposites. For this study, nanoclay and nano-CaCO3 fillers–high-density polyethylene mixings (0, 1, 3, 5 wt.% high-density polyethylene) was prepared by melt-mixing method using a compounder system. The impact behavior was examined by charpy impact test, scanning electron microscopy, and probability theory and statistics. The level of the dispersion was characterized with scanning electron microscopy energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analysis. The results showed rather good dispersion of both of inorganic nanofiller, with a mixture of exfoliated and confined morphology. The results indicated that the impact strength of the industrial nanocomposite decreased with the increase of inorganic particulate content. The impact reliability of the industrial nanocomposites depends on the type of nanofillers and their dispersion and distribution in the matrix.