bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mouth Breathing in Obstructive Sleep Apnea prior to and during Nasal Continuous Positive Airway Pressure
Authors: Ruhle Karl Heinz , Nilius Georg
Published: November 2007

Background: Patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) often complain of dryness of mouth and throat prior to and during nasal continuous positive airway pressure (nCPAP). It is believed that this is due to mouth breathing (MB). However, the association between mouth breathing and apneas/hypopneas and the effect of CPAP on MB has not been studied. Objectives: The purpose of the present study was, therefore, to assess the frequency and duration of episodes of MB prior to and during treatment with nCPAP. Methods: MB was recorded prior to and during nCPAP with a closely fitting mouth mask connected to a pneumotachograph and nasal flow was measured via nasal prongs. MB episodes were expressed as the number of events divided by total sleep time × 60, to give the MB event index per hour of sleep. MB time divided by total sleep time × 60 was calculated in minutes to get the MB time index per hour of sleep. Patients: Eleven male patients with OSAS (mean age 57.9 ± 8.3 years, body mass index 30.2 ± 3.8) were recruited to the study. Results: Prior to nCPAP, the apnea/hypopnea index was 55.8 ± 26 and decreased during nCPAP to 8.0 ± 3.4. The lowest SaO2 measured was 82.9 ± 4.7%, and increased to 87.5 ± 2.7% under nCPAP. The mean nCPAP was 7.8 ± 1.6 cm H2O. MB event index per hour of sleep decreased from 35.2 ± 19.7 prior to treatment to 5.0 ± 5.2 under nCPAP (p < 0.01). In 52.2 ± 27.4% of obstructive respiratory events, MB started at the end of an apnea/hypopnea episode, decreasing to 8.5 ± 12.5% with nCPAP treatment. MB time index per hour of sleep was reduced from 13.5 ± 10.2 min prior to treatment to 4.6 ± 5.5 min under nCPAP (p < 0.05). Conclusions: In OSAS patients, MB episodes often appear at the termination of an apnea/hypopnea episode. In many cases, MB episodes can be markedly reduced by nCPAP treatment. When patients on nCPAP complain of dry mouth, appropriate measurements should be performed to verify MB.
Baicalein inhibits IL-1β- and TNF-α-induced inflammatory cytokine production from human mast cells via regulation of the NF-κB pathway
Authors: Hsieh Chia-Jung , Hall Kenton , Ha Tuanzhu , Li Chuanfu , Krishnaswamy Guha , Chi David S
Published: November 2007

Background

Human mast cells are multifunctional cells capable of a wide variety of inflammatory responses. Baicalein (BAI), isolated from the traditional Chinese herbal medicine Huangqin (Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi), has been shown to have anti-inflammatory effects. We examined its effects and mechanisms on the expression of inflammatory cytokines in an IL-1β- and TNF-α-activated human mast cell line, HMC-1.

Methods

HMC-1 cells were stimulated either with IL-1β (10 ng/ml) or TNF-α (100 U/ml) in the presence or absence of BAI. We assessed the expression of IL-6, IL-8, and MCP-1 by ELISA and RT-PCR, NF-κB activation by electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA), and IκBα activation by Western blot.

Results

BAI (1.8 to 30 μM) significantly inhibited production of IL-6, IL-8, and MCP-1 in a dose-dependent manner in IL-1β-activated HMC-1. BAI (30 μM) also significantly inhibited production of IL-6, IL-8, and MCP-1 in TNF-α-activated HMC-1. Inhibitory effects appear to involve the NF-κB pathway. BAI inhibited NF-κB activation in IL-1β- and TNF-α-activated HMC-1. Furthermore, BAI increased cytoplasmic IκBα proteins in IL-1β- and TNF-α-activated HMC-1.

Conclusion

Our results showed that BAI inhibited the production of inflammatory cytokines through inhibition of NF-κB activation and IκBα phosphorylation and degradation in human mast cells. This inhibitory effect of BAI on the expression of inflammatory cytokines suggests its usefulness in the development of novel anti-inflammatory therapies.
Developmental stage of oligodendrocytes determines their response to activated microglia in vitro
Authors: Miller Brandon A , Crum Jeannine M , Tovar C Amy , Ferguson Adam R , Bresnahan Jacqueline C , Beattie Michael S
Published: November 2007

Background

Oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) and mature oligodendrocytes are both lost in central nervous system injury and disease. Activated microglia may play a role in OPC and oligodendrocyte loss or replacement, but it is not clear how the responses of OPCs and oligodendrocytes to activated microglia differ.

Methods

OPCs and microglia were isolated from rat cortex. OPCs were induced to differentiate into oligodendrocytes with thyroid hormone in defined medium. For selected experiments, microglia were added to OPC or oligodendrocyte cultures. Lipopolysaccharide was used to activate microglia and microglial activation was confirmed by TNFα ELISA. Cell survival was assessed with immunocytochemistry and cell counts. OPC proliferation and oligodendrocyte apoptosis were also assessed.

Results

OPCs and oligodendrocytes displayed phenotypes representative of immature and mature oligodendrocytes, respectively. Activated microglia reduced OPC survival, but increased survival and reduced apoptosis of mature oligodendrocytes. Activated microglia also underwent cell death themselves.

Conclusion

Activated microglia may have divergent effects on OPCs and mature oligodendrocytes, reducing OPC survival and increasing mature oligodendrocyte survival. This may be of importance because activated microglia are present in several disease states where both OPCs and mature oligodendrocytes are also reacting to injury. Activated microglia may simultaneously have deleterious and helpful effects on different cells after central nervous system injury.
Bias towards publishing positive results in orthopedic and general surgery: a patient safety issue?
Authors: Hasenboehler Erik A , Choudhry Imran K , Newman Justin T , Smith Wade R , Ziran Bruce H , Stahel Philip F
Published: November 2007

Background

Research articles reporting positive findings in the fields of orthopedic and general surgery appear to be represented at a considerably higher prevalence in the peer-reviewed literature, compared to published studies on negative or neutral data. This "publication bias" may alter the balance of the available evidence-based literature and may affect patient safety in surgery by depriving important information from unpublished negative studies.

Methods

A comprehensive review of all published articles in a defined 7-year period was performed in 12 representative journals in the fields of orthopedic and general surgery. Every article published in all volumes of these journals between January 2000 and December 2006 was reviewed and rated by three investigators. Rating of articles was performed according to a uniform, standardized algorithm. All original articles were stratified into "positive", "negative" or "neutral", depending on the reported results. All non-original papers were excluded from analysis.

Results

A total of 30,197 publications were reviewed over a 7-year time-period. After excluding all non-original articles, a total of 16,397 original papers were included in the final analysis. Of these, 12,251 (74%) articles were found to report positive findings, 2,709 (17%) reported negative results, and 1,437 (9%) were neutral. A similar publication pattern was found among all years and all journals analyzed. Altogether, 91% of all original papers reported significant data (positive or negative), whereas only 9% were neutral studies that did not report any significant findings.

Conclusion

There is a disproportionately high number of articles reporting positive results published in the surgical literature. A bias towards publishing positive data will systematically overestimate the clinical relevance of treatment effects by disregarding important information derived from unpublished negative studies. This "publication bias" remains an area of concern and may affect the quality of care of patients undergoing surgical procedures.
Evaluation of triploid↔diploid and trisomy-3↔diploid mouse chimeras as models for investigating how lineage restriction occurs in confined placental mosaicism
Authors: Everett Clare A , Keighren Margaret A , Flockhart Jean H , West John D
Published: November 2007

Human confined placental mosaicism (CPM), where the placental trophoblast is mosaic for a chromosome abnormality but the fetus is chromosomally normal, can cause problems for prenatal diagnosis, but its causes are poorly understood. Tetraploid↔diploid chimeras provide a model for the development of one type of CPM, but animal models for other types of restricted mosaicism are needed. The objective of the present study was to evaluate triploid↔diploid and trisomy-3↔diploid chimeric mouse conceptuses as new models for investigating the development of restricted mosaicism. Novel stocks of mice were generated to produce triploid and trisomy-3 embryos that could be identified by DNA in situ hybridisation to a chromosome 3 transgenic marker. Triploid↔diploid and trisomy-3↔diploid mouse chimeras were produced byembryo aggregation, and the contribution of triploid or trisomy-3 cells was analysed in the fetus and extraembryonic tissues. Only two trisomy-3↔diploid chimeras were analysed but trisomy-3 cells contributed well to all lineages, so these chimeras did not show restricted mosaicism. In contrast, triploid cells usually contributed poorly to all lineages in the ten 3n↔2n chimeras analysed. They contributed more to the primitive endoderm derivatives than other lineages and were present in the primitive endoderm derivatives of all ten chimeras, but excluded from fetuses and trophectoderm derivatives in some cases. This pattern of restricted mosaicism differs from that reported for tetraploid cells in tetraploid↔diploid chimeras, and triploid↔diploid chimeras may provide a useful model for the development of some types of restricted mosaicism in human conceptuses.
Azacitidine‐Associated Hyperthermia and Interstitial Pneumonitis in a Patient with Myelodysplastic Syndrome
Authors: Hueser Christopher N. , Patel Anjali J.
Published: November 2007

The DNA hypomethylating agent azacitidine was approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration after the drug demonstrated superiority over the best supportive care for treatment of myelodysplastic syndrome in patients unable to undergo stem cell transplantation. Mild adverse reactions, both hematologic and nonhematologic, are not uncommon; however, severe adverse effects are rare. We describe a 55‐year‐old woman who was treated with azacitidine for myelodysplastic syndrome and experienced hyperthermia that was not attributable to other causes. The patient's treatment course was further complicated by interstitial pneumonitis and hypoxic respiratory failure that ultimately led to acute respiratory distress syndrome. Hyperthermia develops when discord occurs between metabolic heat production and heat dissipation. The process of temperature regulation can be altered by drugs such as succinylcholine, phenothiazines, monoamine oxidase inhibitors, atropine, benztropine, antihistamines, cocaine, Ecstasy, amphetamines, and haloperidol. The hyperthermia in this patient was refractory to antipyretic therapy and was not due to other drug‐induced hyperthermic syndromes. She eventually responded to high‐dose methylprednisolone. The Naranjo adverse drug reaction probability scale score indicated that the association between azacitidine and hyperthermia was probable. Clinicians should be aware of this rare, severe, potential adverse effect of azacitidine.
Matrix transformations between the sequence space BVP and certain BK spaces
Authors: Malkowsky Eberhard , Rakocevic Vladimir , Zivkovic-Zlatanovic Snezana
Published: November 2007

In this paper, we characterize matrix transformations between the sequence space bvp (1 < p < ?) and certain BK spaces. Further?more, we apply the Hausdorff measure of noncompactness to give necessary and sufficient conditions for a linear operator between these spaces to be compact.
On hypoellipticity in ς
Authors: Nedeljkov Marko , Pilipovic Stevan
Published: November 2007

We give a condition of sufficiency for the hypoellipticity of a family of equations with constant coefficients satisfied prescribed power growth rate with respect to ? ? (0, 1). The framework is Colombeau algebra of generalized functions.
On a symbol class of elliptic pseudodifferential operators
Authors: Pilipovic Stevan , Teofanov Nenad
Published: November 2007

We consider a class of symbols with prescribed smoothness and growth conditions and give examples of such symbols. The introduced class contains certain polynomial symbols and symbols with more, than polynomial growth in phase space. The corresponding pseudodifferential operators defined as the Weyl transforms of the symbols are elliptic. As an application, we give a result on isomorphisms between modulation spaces. In particular, we show that the Bessel potentials establish such isomorphisms.
On some mean value results involving djζ(1/2 + it)dj
Authors: Ivic Aleksandar
Published: November 2007

Several problems involving E(T) and E2(T), the error terms in the mean square and mean fourth moment formula for |?(1/2 + it)|, are discussed. In particular it is proved that ?0T? E(t)E2(T)dt?T7/4(logT)7/2loglogT. .
The circle and devisor problem
Authors: Ivic Aleksandar
Published: November 2007

New proofs for the classical bounds P(x) ? x1/3, ?(x) ? h1/3 log x are given. Here P(x) denotes the error term in the classical circle, and ? (x) in the classical divisor problem. .
Graph connectivity and Wiener index
Authors: Gutman I. , Zhang S.
Published: November 2007

The graphs with a given number n of vertices and given (vertex or edge) connectivity k, having minimum Wiener index are determined. In both cases this is Kk + (K1 U Kn-k-1), the graph obtained by connecting all vertices of the complete graph Kk with all vertices of the graph whose two components are Kn-k-1 and K1. AMS Mathematics Subject Classification (2000): 05C12, 05C40 05C35.
On positivity properties of fundamental cardinal polysplines
Authors: Render H.
Published: November 2007

Polysplines on strips of order p are natural generalizations of univariate splines. In [3] and [4] interpolation results for cardinal polysplines on strips have been proven. In this paper the following problems will be addressed: (I) positivity of the fundamental polyspline on the strip [-1, 1] ? Rn, and (II) uniqueness of interpolation for polynomially bounded cardinal polysplines. AMS Mathematics Subject Classi.cation (2000): 41A82.
Some anthropological aspects of globalization
Authors: Djuric Jelena
Published: November 2007

Awareness about the role of anthropological perspective places each anthropological research within the context of globalization, pointing at the need for making the difference between concepts of globalization as the description and as the political project. This differentiation represents a frame of the research of globalization phenomena in order to understand their influence on concrete people in a concrete situation. The importance of the role of concepts in ubiquitous transformation of human lives is also confirmed in the paper. This is the way the influence of one culture unfolds through the dominant concepts, the culture which symbolically and normatively imposes itself as 'global' in spite of the fact that it is 'local' not only (and/or not any more) in territorial sense but in its materialistic approach to the values. Hence, horizontal communication (globally available via the internet) could serve to the communication of values as crucial spiritual points. It could contribute not only to the widening of cultural circles, but to the evolution of consciousness about the generalization of values up to the universal. This requires transcending of particular interests, which prevent effective conceptualization of the global anthropological meaning.
Liberal values and political stabilization in Serbia
Authors: Pavicevic Djordje
Published: November 2007

The paper is an expanded version of the project proposal 'Liberal values and political stabilization in Serbia'. The idea of the proposal is to explore the possibilities of acceptance and stabilization of liberal patterns of distribution of social goods in transitional countries, keeping in mind peculiarities of the Serbian case. Liberalization of these countries is usually an uneasy and uncertain process. There are two kind paradoxes of liberalization. The first concerns the necessity of political incentives for depoliticization of several social spheres. The second is related to possible self-destructive performances of liberal institutions in the process of transition. The stabilization of liberal-democracy in transitional countries is dependent on the capacity of institutions to build within themselves the mechanisms for alleviating these uneasiness. Two of them I find especially important: the system of social responsibilities and public reason.
Contemporary moral philosophy in the context of the social transformation
Authors: Dobrijevic Aleksandar
Published: November 2007

The article contains an explanation of the topic to be dealt with by the author within the work on the project 'Applying Modern Philosophical-Political Paradigms on Processes of Social Transformation in Serbia/FRJ'' of the Institute of Philosophy and Social Theory. In the first part of the paper the basic conception of the work as well as theoretical and practical relevance of the proposed topic are presented. In the second part, author emphasis the weight of the 'two-level theory' of moral thinking, which was elaborated by Richard Mervyn Hare, utilitarian philosopher. In the third part, the plan and the content of the forthcoming work are outlined. Basic and selective bibliography which author will be rely on in the elaboration of the proposed topic is given at the end of this article.
Politics and everyday life: Serbia 1999-2002
Authors: Golubovic Zagorka
Published: November 2007

A field study is accomplished in 20 towns in Serbia by the method of deep interview. The objective of the investigation: to find out how the citizens themselves have experienced the last years of the former regime as well as the change after the 5th of October, 2000. The study is focused on the attitudes of the informants regarding the reasons of the fall of the former regime and the motives which have (or have not) moved them to involve in the struggle for social change; of the experience of the very date of the turnover: of the changes after that period, as well as of the attitudes toward the International community and their opinions about war-crimes, with a particular emphasis on attitudes concerning the Hague Tribunal. The accumulated data will be elaborated by the qualitative method which makes it possible to consider the responses in the context of everyday life situation and preserve their original expressions, different from the schemes from the media and official reports.
Freedom and the principles of morality
Authors: Golubovic Zagorka
Published: November 2007

Freedom as an authentic and willed process, characteristic of man as a human rational being, enables the individual to act in accordance with the principles of morality, since the individual can choose between good and evil (between two possibilities), and in this way to get out of the sphere of the given to which the rest of the living world is limited. We should recall the forgotten Marx and his famous text on the essential difference between the animal world and humanity as a genus: "The animal is immediately united with its vital activity. It does not differ from it. It is vital activity. Man makes his own vital activity the subject of his will and consciousness. He has conscious vital activity. This is not a determination with which he merges immediately. Conscious vital activity distinguishes man directly from animal vital activity. It is exactly in this way alone that he is a generic being. Or a conscious being, i.e. his own life is a subject for him precisely because he is a generic being. It is only for this reason that his activity is free activity..." (K. Marx, "Alienation", Early Works). In other words, while animals live just the life of their species and cannot choose anything else, since the choice has been made by the fact of their belonging to a species, man can choose the world in which to live, overcoming in this way the natural givens. Here lies the core of the anthropological explanation of the principle of morality, inconceivable without man's ability to be an authentic free being.
Contemporary world and the crisis of spiritual values
Authors: Zurovac Mirko
Published: November 2007

The crisis of contemporary art is a paradigmatic example of the crisis of spiritual values in today's world. The main cause of this crisis, it is argued, lies in the spirit of modern sciences. These do not find their object as a ready given, but rather determine it themselves, from their own standpoint, and thus basically produce it. Due to enormous technological development, modern civilization has turned the whole world into the Eleatic One. In materializing the uniform spirit of technology in our world the role of the new audio-visual media: cinema, radio, television, video and the internet, has been crucial. Technology has become a powerful instrument of modern power: it has enabled a concentration of power in the hands of technical, cultural and political administration, as well as automatically expanding mass production and consumption, and finally subordination of people to methodic education, control and manipulation. These are main features of the spirit of the contemporary technical civilization where technology is not understood as something technical but rather as a mode of existence, connected with science and industry. By changing the way in which human life is lived, and the way in which human community is ordered, the purpose and perception of the work of art has also changed. Beauty is not taken to be a result of subjective experience and something belonging to the object as such. The sphere of the aesthetic has become the ground for manifesting relativism and subjectivism in various forms. With the development of knowledge and human power, the contemporary world has begun to sink into nihilism, losing a sense for anything bearing the stamp of individuality. In such a world, everything, including the sphere of spiritual values, is reduced merely to what is useful and efficient. .
Westerplatte or Jedwabne?: Debates on history and "collective guilt" in Poland
Authors: Stanislawski Wojciech
Published: November 2007

The author analyzes recent Polish debates on researching silenced aspects of national history and the problem of the "collective guilt". One of the major questions arising in these debates is: does the study of "white spots" from the past (have to) lead to a trauma of continuous collective self-blame? In Poland, a specialized institution, the Institute of National Memory, was founded in 1998, engaging in research, documentation and public education on events related to German and Soviet occupation during WWII and the activity of political police under communism. Polish debates on the past got particularly inflamed after the discovery made by the historian J.T.Gross on the participation of Poles in the massacre of Jewish inhabitants of the town of Jedwabne in 1941. His book published in 2000 provoked a heated debate in which methodological, political and moral arguments were used on both sides. This case also occasioned a polemic between two prominent historians, identifying two basic visions of national history: the "monumental" one, recognizing only the heroic deeds that the nation takes pride in, and the "skeptical" one, which looks for silenced and shameful facts. Though both participants in the polemic opt for the third vision, the "objective" history which dispassionately seeks the truth, one of them stresses the role of the monumental history in maintaining the cohesion of the national community, while the other emphasizes that the collective acknowledgement of the nation's crimes can be a basis for national pride. .
Globalization, values, interests
Authors: Radojicic Mirjana
Published: November 2007

The nature of the international politics, after the Cold War directed by the U.S. as the only current super-power, are considered in the text. The author?s intention is to stress the main points of divergence between moralistic-valuable rhetoric and the foreign policy practice of the U.S. In that sense, the examples of the American stand, i.e. the active treatment of the Yugoslav crisis, on the one hand, and the crisis in the Persian Gulf, on the other hand, is considered. The author?s conclusion is that the foreign policy of the only current super-power is still directed by interests rather then by values. In the concluding part, the author presents an anthropologic argument in favor of reestablishing "balance of power" as the only guarantee for peace and stability of the world.
Feminism and the sociology of everyday life
Authors: Spasic Ivana
Published: November 2007

This paper examines the influences of feminist thought on sociological theory and research, refracted through the conceptualization of the sphere of everyday life. It is argued that there are important theoretical affinities between feminism and the sociology of everyday life, as it has developed since mid-20th century. Main feminist contributions to sociological study of everyday life are identified at two levels: substantive (the study of formerly neglected social phenomena, particularly the private sphere), and epistemological (the questioning of positivistic ideals of objective and neutral social science). The position of the feminist theorist Dorothy Smith is selected for a more detailed critical discussion. In the concluding part of the paper some controversial points in the feminist concept of the sociology of everyday life are indicated.
An anthropological comparison between two studies of everyday life
Authors: Petkovic Ivana
Published: November 2007

The paper is based on the experiences of a fieldwork researcher. Two studies of everyday life are compared. In spite of the differences in theoretical frameworks and methodologies, important similarities are identified, leading to identical basic results. These similarities are to be found in the (exclusive) dependence of the everyday survival on political survival, of everyday life on political life, of coping on political developments. The similarity is proved by pointing to the shared broader socio-historical framework in which both studies have been located, and to the uniqueness of the environment/area in which both have taken place. This leads to the final conclusion on the relation between the character of everyday life and the collective character/mentality, where the key mediator is political life and the character shaped within its domain. In a culture basically structured as a warrior culture, in the circumstances of huge civilizational changes at the global world scene, the local political mentality assumes specific features, somewhat modified in comparison with the traditional ethos. These features in turn directly shape the everyday, particularly of ordinary people, beyond the centers of power and global decision-making.
Traditionalism and modern subjectivity: Enlightenment and conservatism of Edmund Burke
Authors: Nikitovic Aleksandar
Published: November 2007

The issue of traditionalism versus modern subjectivism in the light of the conflict of Edmund Burke`s conservatism with the Enlightenment as the ideological basis of the French revolution was not discussed or studied sufficiently in our political and philosophical theory. In this paper we are reconsidering a theoretical debate between arising modern rationalism of Enlightenment and European traditionalism. The text further explains on the reasons for choosing this subject and course the research will take subsequently. An overview is provided of the most important topics as well as a preliminary conception of the problem structure in this research. Considering the importance and overwhelming influence exhorted by French revolution it is only logical that the event of such magnitude met not only with approvals but with challenges and disputes as well, and all of it contributed to the theoretical considerations of the historical sense and purpose of this event. The aim of the project is to provide explanations and evaluations of the origins Enlightenment on one hand side and theoretically reconsidered traditionalism on the other. Looking at the dawn of modern era and evaluating these events would cast sharper light on the spirit of times of this crucial moment of history, and it would provide new basis for reconsideration of the achievements and implications of the fundamental ideas of Moderna.
Policy of multiculturalism and resistance of majority
Authors: Basic Goran
Published: November 2007

The paper discusses the challenges faced by the theoretical thought and practice in Europe concerning the politics of. Though multiculturalism is a complex phenomenon assuming that many social diversities should be brought into accord, in the practice of the Central and Southeast European states it is reduced to the identification of the identities and the recognition of the ethno-cultural minorities' rights. In these regions the politics of multiculturalism meets the resistance of the majority as well as the barriers that slow down their social development. The antagonists of multiculturalism find their allies in conservative though real opinions of the intellectuals and politicians in the West who are afraid that a too fast expansion of the European Union may jeopardize its economic development and disturb even more its political stability.
Subjectivity and sovereignty: The Cartesian dimension of the position of the sovereign in Hobbes' "Leviathan"
Authors: Milidrag Predrag
Published: November 2007

Although Hobbes' understanding of the sovereign's position in a state and Descartes' understanding of God arose completely independently from each other, there is a strong structural similarity between the two. After elaborating on this point, the author demonstrates the metaphysical foundation of Hobbes' conception of the sovereign. The main thesis of the paper is that the subjectivity of sovereign is not the so-called 'empirical' subjectivity of early modern philosophy, but that it is equivalent to God's subjectivity, as understood in Descartes as immense power.
Dworkin's liberal theory of community
Authors: Slâdecek Michal
Published: November 2007

The paper is an analysis of Dworkin's attempt to develop, within liberal theory, a conception of community and associative obligations, where community is taken as a particular intrinsic value. Certainly, this attempt encounters various difficulties, like the insufficiently robust distinction between political community and other types of communities, as well as Dworkin's too narrow delimitation of the scope of activities and competences of political community. It is argued nevertheless that this endeavor is highly significant, complementing substantially the theoretical concerns of standard liberal theories.
The black-and-white world: Towards the history of dual typologies of nationalism
Authors: Subotic Milan
Published: November 2007

Attempts at formulating a dichotomous classification of nations and nationalisms have proliferated in the relevant literature over a long period of time. In this study some of the most influential instances of dual typologies of nationalisms are selected for interpretation and analysis. The examples include Renan's under?standing of differences between the "French" and the "German" concepts of nation; Kohn's distinction between "eastern" and "western" nationalisms; a revision of Kohn's dichotomy suggested by J. Plamenatz; and a more recent version of dual typology propounded by L. Greenfield. By reconstructing the views of the selected theorists of nationalism, at the basis of all these typologies a dichotomous division into "civic" and "ethnic" nationalism is identified. Critical objections to this fundamental dual division are articulated at two levels. At the first, historical level, a socio-political contextualization of dual typologies points to their practical, political-ideological purposes. At the second, conceptual level, and drawing on the ideas of R. Brubaker, the author discusses analytical and normative weaknesses of the usual distinction between "civic" and "ethnic" nationalism.
Dodir duse i tela
Authors: Sakota-Mimica Jasna
Published: November 2007

(francuski) Dans ce m?moire nous nous proposons d?examiner le rapport qu?il peut y avoir entre, d?une part, le dualisme de Descartes et, de l?autre, son affirmation que l?homme repr?sente une unit? substantielle de l??me et de corps. En effet, nous nous effor?ons de d?montrer qu?en voulant concilier sa conception de la diff?rence r?elle avec sa propre d?finition de l??tre humain, le philosophe ne s?appuyait pas seulement sur St. Augustin mais aussi bien sur St. Thomas d?Aquin.
Critical theory and holocaust
Authors: Krstic Predrag
Published: November 2007

In this paper the author is attempting to establish the relationship - or the lack of it - of the Critical Theory to the "Jewish question" and justification of perceiving signs of Jewish religious heritage in the thought of the representatives of this movement. The holocaust marked out by the name of "Auschwitz", is here tested as a point where the nature of this relationship has been decided. In this encounter with the cardinal challenge for the contemporary social theory, the particularity of the Frankfurt School reaction is here revealed through Adorno installing Auschwitz as unexpected but lawful emblem of the ending of the course that modern history has assumed. The critique of this "fascination" with Auschwitz, as well as certain theoretical pacification and measured positioning of the holocaust into discontinued plane of "unfinished" and continuation and closure of the valued project, are given through communicative-theoretical pre-orientation of J?rgen Habermas?s Critical Theory and of his followers. Finally, through the work of Detlev Claussen, it is suggested that in the youngest generation of Adorno?s students there are signs of revision to once already revised Critical Theory and a kind of defractured and differentiated return to the initial understanding of the decisiveness of the holocaust experience. This shift in the attitude of the Critical Theory thinkers to the provocation of holocaust is not, however, particularly reflected towards the status of Jews and their tradition, but more to the age old questioning and explanatory patterns for which they served as a "model". The question of validity of the enlightenment project, the nature of occidental rationalism, (non)existence of historical theology and understanding of the identity and emancipation - describe the circle of problems around which the disagreement is concentrated in the social critical theory.
European integrations and policy of multiculturality in Serbia
Authors: Basic Goran
Published: November 2007

The issue of the policy of multiculturalism toward ethno-cultural minorities in contemporary Serbia has been reviewed within the project Regional and European Aspects of Integrative Processes in Serbia held by the Institute for Philosophy and Social Theory. The aim of this paper is directed toward examination of theoretical and empirical problems regarding the phenomenon of multiculturalism. In spite of the fact that multiculturalism is one of the striking characteristics of modern life in Serbia our social sciences pay a little attention to this topic. Ethnicity as an important part of multicultural discourse is based on nonscientific knowledge and in this manner it presents basis for policy and practice for the protection of rights of minorities in the country.
Why is substitutional theory of representation inconsistent when combined with traditional aesthetics? Review of A.C. Danto’s philosophy of art
Authors: Ristic Stefan
Published: November 2007

This article intends to critically envisage limits and values of philosophy of art of Arthur Danto and to point out the main problems of the theory of supstitutional representation, when placed within wider theoretical frame of traditional aesthetics, such as the notion of meaning in the philosophy of art of Arthur Danto. The article focuses on the notions of exteral and interal representation and denotation of non-existent and existent entities substituted by representation. This article intends to question the validity of Danto?s position.
Bildung: Concept, conception, ideal
Authors: Dobrijevic Aleksandar
Published: November 2007

The author claims that we should differentiate the concept, the conception and the ideal of Bildung. Based on these differences, Bildung could be considered as a kind of attitude, project, or as specific - normative and optative - practice. .
The soil and roots of Nazism: Two approaches
Authors: Subotic Milan
Published: November 2007

The paper discusses two different approaches to Nazism and the Holocaust. The first approach is different versions of the Sonderweg thesis arguing that the explanation of the "German catastrophe" should be sought in the particular features of German history. The second approach rests on searching for external, exogenous factors that played a formative role in the emergence of National Socialism. The examples illustrating these two approaches are recently published books by Aleksandar Molnar and Michael Kellogg, reviewed in detail in the paper. Starting from an interpretation of these books, the author argues that the limitations of both approaches result from the complexity of a historical experience that resists rationalization.
To institute, to primally institute (Stiften, Urstiften): Husserl’s first readers and translators in France: A possible origin of continental philosophy
Authors: Bojanic Petar
Published: November 2007

(nemacki) In diesem Text wird die Bedeutung von Husserls ph?nomenologischen Forschungen zur (urspr?nglichen) Institution und zur Institutionalisierung (neben den Verben "stiften" und "urstiften" verwendet Husserl die Nomen "Stiftung", "Urstiftung" und "Endstiftung"). Es wird angenommen, dass die Bedeutung dieser nicht ausreichend bekannten Strategien nur in den unver?ffentlichten Handschriften gefunden werden kann, dass die unterschiedlichen Generationen der Konsultanten von Husserls Archiven (in Leuven und Paris) eine identische ?berzeugung von der Bedeutung der Husserlschen Entdeckungen bezeugt, dass Merleau- Pontys ?bersetzung von Stiftung als "institution" dominiert und dass eben diese ?bersetzung bewirkt hat, dass Husserl zu einer franz?sischen Angelegenheit wurde. Die Idee des Artikels ist, dass diese Theater der Lekt?re, der ?bersetzung und des Einflusses Husserls die kontinentale Philosophie begr?ndet. Das bedeutet, dass Husserls Strategie der Stiftung/Urstiftung am Ursprung dieses Syntagmas liegen kann, da das Denken einer Institution der Philosophie als Denken Europas strukturiert ist, als Denken von Menschheit und als Denken der Begegnung mit dem Anderen (Intersubjektivit?t).
The search for redemption: Julia Kristeva and Slavoj Zizek on Marx, psychoanalysis and religion
Authors: Boer Roland
Published: November 2007

Slavoj Zizek and Julia Kristeva have followed strikingly similar paths in their intellectual and political development, moving from Marxism through psychoanalysis to Christianity. This article traces the way they have distanced themselves from Marxism and taken up psychoanalysis, of either the Freudian or Lacanian variety. For Kristeva, psychoanalysis provides the therapeutic solution to individual and at times social problems, whereas for Zizek it is the best description of those problems without necessarily providing answers. However, through psychoanalysis, they have gone a step further and become enamoured with Christianity, especially Paul?s letters in the New Testament and the doctrine of love. Paul provides for Kristeva another and earlier version of psychoanalytic solutions, but he enables Zizek to find the social and political answers for which he seeks. By connecting these intellectual moves with their own departures from Eastern Europe, one from Yugoslavia (and then Slovenia) and the other from Bulgaria, I argue that their search for redemption, of both personal and social forms, betrays a residual socialism. In fact, their moves into psychoanalysis and Christianity may be read as compensations for a lost socialism, so much so that Zizek at least makes a belated recovery of Marx through Christianity and Kristeva can never quite excise Marx from her thought.
Biostratigraphical study of Lower Cretaceous Kasajina river beds and its importance for geology of NE Serbia
Authors: Ercegovac Marko , Grubic Aleksandar , Milivojevic Jelena
Published: November 2007

This article presents results of detailed palynological study in the Lower Cretaceous Kasajina River Beds (Klokocevac, NE Serbia) and its importance for the geology of NE Serbia. On the basis of the biostratigraphic analysis of fossil spores, pollen grains and dinoflagellates, investigated beds are most probably of Lower Cretaceous age (mainly Valanginian-Hauterivian). The paleoecological results suggest humid and subtropical conditions in the hinterland.
A new carboniferous species of isogramma (dyctionellida, brachiopoda) from NW Serbia
Authors: Stojanovic-Kuzenko Smiljana
Published: November 2007

Representatives of a new Early Moscovian, Carboniferous, species of the dictionelid brachiopod Isogramma MEEK & WORTHEN, 1870 from northwestern Serbia are described. Small dimensions, weakly developed dorsal lateral ridges and the absence of dorsal anterior sulcus characterize this new taxon. A comparison with other representatives of genus Isogramma and some remarks of this genus are given.
Bezlicne recenice sa uopstenim agensom
Authors: Tanasic Sreto
Published: November 2007

Ove recenice imaju element SE kao pokazatelj bezlicnosti. One, za razliku od drugih bezlicnih recenica, imaju uopsten agens (ljudsko bice), koji je odgovoran za vrsenje radnje. Ove recenice se obrazuju sa predikatom od prelaznih i neprelaznih glagola. Kada je predikat obrazovan od prelaznih glagola, te recenice se mogu formalno podudarati sa pasivnim refleksivnim recenicama. To je slucaj kada te pasivne recenice imaju predikat u trecem licu srednjeg roda jednine (sto je svojstveno za predikat bezlicnih recenica) i kad je njihov sintaksicki subjekat izostavljen. Autor se u radu bavi pitaljem kako se ova homonimija razrjesava. U drugom dijelu rada pokazuje da u srpskom standardnom jeziku postoji jedan slucaj kad se u ovom tipu bezlicne recenice regularno iskazuje pacijens.
On distribution of complementizers in contemporary Serbian
Authors: Moskovljevic Jasmina
Published: November 2007

The paper investigates the principles governing the distribution of complementizers in contemporary Serbian. Evidence is presented that the distribution of da, sto, kako, gde, da li, and numerous interrogative pronouns and adverbials which may function as complementizers is determined not only by matrix-verb subcategorization properties and semantic co-occurrence restrictions which hold between the predicate and its complement, but by the lexical an syntactic properties of the particular verb class (or subclass) to which matrix predicate belongs as well. According to their ability to govern a particular complementizer, ten major verb subclasses are identified in contemporary Serbian, and their specific properties are signaled.
Syntax and semantics of the dative case
Authors: Antonic Ivana
Published: November 2007

In this paper, the author presents the survey of syntactic-semantic, and, in relevant instances, also pragmatic-semantic characteristics of the dative case in the contemporary standard Serbian language. On the one hand, the existing, extensive descriptions of syntactic-semantic behavior of the dative case in large grammar books (cf. Danicic 1858; Stevanovic 1979) taking into account the time when they were written - by their methodological approach and manner of presentation belong to the history of grammatical description; and, by the corpus they described, they belong to the history of the standard Serbian language. On the other hand, unlike other cases in the Serbian language, the dative case has not been monographically described so far, but it has been extensively discussed only in the confrontative research of the Russian and the Serbian language (cf. Milinkovic 1988). Taking into account all these facts, this paper is the author's attempt to point out to the well known characteristics of the dative case, along with some new details, presented in a different manner than before, but systematically comprehensively, clearly and, at the same time, without the extensive description of details irrelevant for the whole system. The author distinguishes eleven basic types of the dative case in the contemporary standard Serbian language. These are: the subject dative, the predicative dative, the object directive dative (that is the dative as the indirect object [the second object] and the explicative dative as the complement and at the same time, as a broadly understood, object-goal [and the single object at the same time], the possesive dative, the spatial directive dative, the instrumental dative, the causative dative, the criterion dative, the concessive dative, the ethic dative, and the dative in the speech acts of oaths and praises.
Verвal ce-constructions in Kosovo-Metohian dialects
Authors: Radic Prvoslav
Published: November 2007

The article presents one of the morpfological phenomena in Serbian dialects of Kosovo and Metohia - verbal ce-constructions. It is shown that these constructions of futre tenses a??ear in two different models: - with forms of present tense - indicative meaning (e.g. "ce ti dadem jeno obuklo", "Ce mi dades" "a mi ce pazimo ovi ajduci"; "Ja ce da cuvam noceskena"); - with forms of active participle - relative meaning (e.g. "?a ce mu dala mravka", "Sto ce se setile da prospet ?o ulice dukati"). These constructions is of foreign origin and occucrs in other Balkan languages too. Specially the first model (ce + forms ofpresent tense) that is wide spread in Serbian dialects and even do the pressure on Modern Serbian. More attention is devoted to the second model that a?pears in southern dialects. These dialects border upon Macedonian teritory. The paper includes examples excerpted from various diatectat source.
The influence of cupric ions on shape of potentiodynamic curves obtained on 18 K gold
Authors: Rajcic-Vujasinovic Mirjana , Trujic V. , Stevic Zoran , Sacirbegovic S.
Published: November 2007

The shape of potentiodynamic curves depends mainly on the composition of investigated alloys, but also on the electrolyte used in experiments. In this work investigation were performed for pure gold, and pure silver and copper as alloying metals, then for binary alloys Au-Ag and Au-Cu containing gold as in 18 k gold (i.e. 75 % Au) and Ag-Cu with mass ratio 1:1 and, finally, for three component 18 k gold. It was established a catalytic effect of cupric ions present in electrolyte on oxidation of gold and 18 k gold alloys.