bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Trade and Migration: Some New Evidence from the European Mass Migration to Argentina (1870–1913)
Authors: De Arcangelis Giuseppe , Mariani Rama Dasi , Nastasi Federico
Published: April 2022

During the first wave of globalization, Argentina was among the most internationally integrated economies, experiencing a rising trend in trade openness and a tremendous increase in labor due to migration. In this paper, we empirically show the central role immigration had in boosting exports and imports in the years 1870–1913 by considering Argentine bilateral trade and migration from eight European countries (Austro-Hungarian Empire, Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, Spain, Switzerland, and United Kingdom). We use a migration-augmented gravity model to estimate the contribution of the massive inflows of Europeans, and we find that the main pro-trade effect was on imports: a percent 10% increase in migrants from a particular country would increase imports by up to 8% from that same country. We do not find the same effect on exports. The disproportionate decrease in transportation rather than communication costs may explain why the latter are relatively more decisive for exports than for imports. To overcome the problem of reverse causality and endogeneity, we use migration flows to the US from the eight European countries as an instrumental variable. In so doing, we aim at capturing the same push (but not Argentine pull) factors inducing European out-migration.
Asymmetric Interaction of a Solar Wind Reconnecting Current Sheet and Its Magnetic Hole With Earth's Bow Shock and Magnetopause
Authors: Madanian Hadi , Liu Terry Z. , Phan Tai D. , Trattner Karlheinz J. , Karlsson Tomas , Liemohn Michael W.
Published: April 2022

We report results of our multi‐spacecraft analysis of a solar wind reconnecting current sheet (RCS) and its solar wind magnetic hole (SWMH) observed on November 20, 2018. In the solar wind, the normal vector to the current sheet plane makes an angle of 32° with the Sun‐Earth line. A combination of tilted current sheet plane and foreshock effects cause an asymmetric interaction with the bow shock, in which the structure arrives at the quasi‐perpendicular side of the bow shock before the quasi‐parallel side. The magnetic field strength inside the magnetic hole decreases by ∼69 percent in the solar wind, with a similar depression rate observed inside the magnetosheath due to this structure. The solar wind flow slowdown and deflection during the bow shock crossing significantly disrupt the reconnection exhausts within the RCS. The interaction of the RCS and SWMH with the bow shock creates enhanced fluxes of accelerated electrons and ions. Plasma flow deflection in the magnetosheath also increases with the passage of the RCS. The ion density and temperature both increase within the current sheet to form a roughly pressure balanced structure. Field rotation and change in the dynamic pressure during this event modify the reconnection zones at the magnetopause and cause asymmetric inward motions in portions of the bow shock and the magnetopause boundaries (i.e., deformation). Unlike localized magnetosheath jets, an RCS and its associated SWMH in the solar wind have a global impact on the bow shock and the magnetopause.
Long‐Term Rain Attenuation Measurement for Short‐Range mmWave Fixed Link Using DSD and ITU‐R Prediction Models
Authors: Zahid O. , Salous S.
Published: April 2022

Several millimeter Wave (mmWave) bands, which suffer from rain attenuation, were identified in the World Radiocommunication Conference 2019 (WRC‐19) for fifth generation (5G) radio networks. In this paper, long‐term attenuation is measured over typical building to building radio links in the built environment, which constitute two 36 m links along a direct link and an indirect side link at 25.84 and 77.54 GHz and a 200 m link at 77.125 GHz. The attenuation was also estimated using precipitation data from a high end accurate disdrometer weather station using the drop size distribution and the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) models. The results indicate that attenuation using Mie theory is in agreement with the ITU model for most of the rainfall events; with higher attenuation being measured than predicted when snow grains and raindrops mix. Raindrops with diameter between 0.1 and 4 mm indicate that the dominant raindrops have considerable influence on the measured attenuation, especially at light and moderate rainfall events. The maximum distance factor restriction of 2.5 in ITU‐R P.530‐17 is shown not to be suitable for short‐range fixed links as it excessively underestimates attenuation.
The Complex and Spatially Diverse Patterns of Hydrological Droughts Across Europe
Authors: Peña‐Angulo D. , Vicente‐Serrano S. M. , Domínguez‐Castro F. , Lorenzo‐Lacruz J. , Murphy C. , Hannaford J. , Allan R. P. , Tramblay Y. , Reig‐Gracia F. , El Kenawy A.
Published: April 2022

This study presents a new data set of gauged streamflow (N = 3,224) for Europe spanning the period 1962–2017. The Monthly Streamflow of Europe Dataset (MSED) is freely available at http://msed.csic.es/. Based on this data set, changes in the characteristics of hydrological drought (i.e., frequency, duration, and severity) were assessed for different regions of Europe. Due to the density of the database, it is possible to delimit spatial patterns in hydrological droughts trend with the greatest detail available to date. Results reveal bidirectional changes in monthly streamflow, with negative changes predominating over central and southern Europe, while positive trends dominate over northern Europe. Temporally, two dominant patterns were noted. The first pattern corresponds to a consistent downward trend in all months, evident for southern Europe. A second pattern was noted over central and northern Europe and western France, with a predominant negative trend during warm months and a positive trend in cold months. For hydrological drought events, results suggest a positive trend toward more frequent and severe droughts in southern and central Europe and conversely a negative trend over northern Europe. This study emphasizes that hydrological droughts show complex spatial patterns across Europe over the past six decades, implying that hydrological drought behavior in Europe has a regional character. Accordingly it is challenging to adopt “efficient” strategies and policies to monitor and mitigate drought impacts at the continental level.
LncRNA HABON promoted liver cancer cells survival under hypoxia by inhibiting mPTP opening
Authors: Wo Lulu , Zhang Xin , Ma Chengning , Zhou Cixiang , Li Jingchi , Hu Zhexuan , Gong Xiufeng , Zhan Mengna , He Ming , Zhao Qian
Published: April 2022

Hypoxia is an important feature of the tumor microenvironment (TME). While targeting hypoxic TME is emerging as a potential strategy for treating solid tumors including liver cancer. Recent studies have shown that hypoxia can regulate tumor adaptation to hypoxic TME through long non-coding RNA (lncRNA). In the previous study, we identify a novel hypoxia-activated lncRNA and termed it as HABON. Here, we demonstrated that knockdown of HABON caused necroptosis of tumor tissue and inhibited the subcutaneous tumor growth of SMMC-7721 cells in nude mice. Moreover, knockdown of HABON increased RIPK1 and MLKL expression as well as their phosphorylation level in SMMC-7721 and Huh7 liver cancer cells. Meanwhile, Necrostatin-1 and GSK872 could restore cell death of liver cancer cells caused by knockdown of HABON under hypoxia. The above results suggested that HABON could inhibit hypoxia-induced necroptosis of liver cancer cells. Mechanically, knockdown of HABON in liver cancer cells aggravated mitochondrial dysfunction caused by hypoxia. Furthermore, the RNA pull-down combined with mass spectrometry analysis identified HABON can interact with mitochondria-related protein VDAC1 and the RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) analysis proved the interaction. In addition, we proved that VDAC1 mediated the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) opening, mitochondrial dysfunction, as well as necroptosis caused by knockdown of HABON. Overall, our work demonstrates HABON can reduce hypoxia-induced necroptosis of liver cancer cells and suggests that inhibition of HABON in the hypoxic TME is a potential therapeutic strategy for treating liver cancer.
Reconstructed covalent organic frameworks
Authors: Zhang Weiwei , Chen Linjiang , Dai Sheng , Zhao Chengxi , Ma Cheng , Wei Lei , Zhu Minghui , Chong Samantha Y. , Yang Haofan , Liu Lunjie , Bai Yang , Yu Miaojie , Xu Yongjie , Zhu Xiao-Wei , Zhu Qiang , An Shuhao , Sprick Reiner Sebastian , Little Marc A. , Wu Xiaofeng , Jiang Shan , Wu Yongzhen , Zhang Yue-Biao , Tian He , Zhu Wei-Hong , Cooper Andrew I.
Published: April 2022

Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are distinguished from other organic polymers by their crystallinity1–3, but it remains challenging to obtain robust, highly crystalline COFs because the framework-forming reactions are poorly reversible4,5. More reversible chemistry can improve crystallinity6–9, but this typically yields COFs with poor physicochemical stability and limited application scope5. Here we report a general and scalable protocol to prepare robust, highly crystalline imine COFs, based on an unexpected framework reconstruction. In contrast to standard approaches in which monomers are initially randomly aligned, our method involves the pre-organization of monomers using a reversible and removable covalent tether, followed by confined polymerization. This reconstruction route produces reconstructed COFs with greatly enhanced crystallinity and much higher porosity by means of a simple vacuum-free synthetic procedure. The increased crystallinity in the reconstructed COFs improves charge carrier transport, leading to sacrificial photocatalytic hydrogen evolution rates of up to 27.98 mmol h−1 g−1. This nanoconfinement-assisted reconstruction strategy is a step towards programming function in organic materials through atomistic structural control.
Search for Majorana neutrinos exploiting millikelvin cryogenics with CUORE
Authors:   The CUORE Collaboration, Adams D. Q. , Alduino C. , Alfonso K. , Avignone F. T. , Azzolini O. , Bari G. , Bellini F. , Benato G. , Beretta M. , Biassoni M. , Branca A. , Brofferio C. , Bucci C. , Camilleri J. , Caminata A. , Campani A. , Canonica L. , Cao X. G. , Capelli S. , Cappelli L. , Cardani L. , Carniti P. , Casali N. , Celi E. , Chiesa D. , Clemenza M. , Copello S. , Cremonesi O. , Creswick R. J. , D’Addabbo A. , Dafinei I. , Dell’Oro S. , Di Domizio S. , Dompè V. , Fang D. Q. , Fantini G. , Faverzani M. , Ferri E. , Ferroni F. , Fiorini E. , Franceschi M. A. , Freedman S. J. , Fu S. H. , Fujikawa B. K. , Giachero A. , Gironi L. , Giuliani A. , Gorla P. , Gotti C. , Gutierrez T. D. , Han K. , Hansen E. V. , Heeger K. M. , Huang R. G. , Huang H. Z. , Johnston J. , Keppel G. , Kolomensky Yu. G. , Ligi C. , Liu R. , Ma L. , Ma Y. G. , Marini L. , Maruyama R. H. , Mayer D. , Mei Y. , Moggi N. , Morganti S. , Napolitano T. , Nastasi M. , Nikkel J. , Nones C. , Norman E. B. , Nucciotti A. , Nutini I. , O’Donnell T. , Ouellet J. L. , Pagan S. , Pagliarone C. E. , Pagnanini L. , Pallavicini M. , Pattavina L. , Pavan M. , Pessina G. , Pettinacci V. , Pira C. , Pirro S. , Pozzi S. , Previtali E. , Puiu A. , Rosenfeld C. , Rusconi C. , Sakai M. , Sangiorgio S. , Schmidt B. , Scielzo N. D. , Sharma V. , Singh V. , Sisti M. , Speller D. , Surukuchi P. T. , Taffarello L. , Terranova F. , Tomei C. , Vetter K. J. , Vignati M. , Wagaarachchi S. L. , Wang B. S. , Welliver B. , Wilson J. , Wilson K. , Winslow L. A. , Zimmermann S. , Zucchelli S.
Published: April 2022

The possibility that neutrinos may be their own antiparticles, unique among the known fundamental particles, arises from the symmetric theory of fermions proposed by Ettore Majorana in 19371. Given the profound consequences of such Majorana neutrinos, among which is a potential explanation for the matter–antimatter asymmetry of the universe via leptogenesis2, the Majorana nature of neutrinos commands intense experimental scrutiny globally; one of the primary experimental probes is neutrinoless double beta (0νββ) decay. Here we show results from the search for 0νββ decay of 130Te, using the latest advanced cryogenic calorimeters with the CUORE experiment3. CUORE, operating just 10 millikelvin above absolute zero, has pushed the state of the art on three frontiers: the sheer mass held at such ultralow temperatures, operational longevity, and the low levels of ionizing radiation emanating from the cryogenic infrastructure. We find no evidence for 0νββ decay and set a lower bound of the process half-life as 2.2 × 1025 years at a 90 per cent credibility interval. We discuss potential applications of the advances made with CUORE to other fields such as direct dark matter, neutrino and nuclear physics searches and large-scale quantum computing, which can benefit from sustained operation of large payloads in a low-radioactivity, ultralow-temperature cryogenic environment.
A hybrid feature extraction scheme for efficient malonylation site prediction
Authors: Sorkhi Ali Ghanbari , Pirgazi Jamshid , Ghasemi Vahid
Published: April 2022

Lysine malonylation is one of the most important post-translational modifications (PTMs). It affects the functionality of cells. Malonylation site prediction in proteins can unfold the mechanisms of cellular functionalities. Experimental methods are one of the due prediction approaches. But they are typically costly and time-consuming to implement. Recently, methods based on machine-learning solutions have been proposed to tackle this problem. Such practices have been shown to reduce costs and time complexities and increase accuracy. However, these approaches also have specific shortcomings, including inappropriate feature extraction out of protein sequences, high-dimensional features, and inefficient underlying classifiers. A machine learning-based method is proposed in this paper to cope with these problems. In the proposed approach, seven different features are extracted. Then, the extracted features are combined, ranked based on the Fisher’s score (F-score), and the most efficient ones are selected. Afterward, malonylation sites are predicted using various classifiers. Simulation results show that the proposed method has acceptable performance compared with some state-of-the-art approaches. In addition, the XGBOOST classifier, founded on extracted features such as TFCRF, has a higher prediction rate than the other methods. The codes are publicly available at: https://github.com/jimy2020/Malonylation-site-prediction
Enhanced photocatalytic degradation of Acid Blue dye using CdS/TiO2 nanocomposite
Authors: Qutub Nida , Singh Preeti , Sabir Suhail , Sagadevan Suresh , Oh Won-Chun
Published: April 2022

Photocatalytic degradation is essential for the successful removal of organic contaminants from wastewater, which is important for ecological and environmental safety. The advanced oxidation process of photocatalysis has become a hot topic in recent years for the remediation of water. Cadmium sulphide (CdS) nanostructures doped with Titanium oxide (CdS/TiO2) nanocomposites has manufactured under ambient conditions using a simple and modified Chemical Precipitation technique. The nanocomposites crystal structure, thermal stability, recombination of photo-generated charge carriers, bandgap, surface morphology, particle size, molar ratio, and charge transfer properties are determined. The production of nanocomposites (CdS-TiO2) and their efficient photocatalytic capabilities are observed. The goal of the experiment is to improve the photocatalytic efficiency of TiO2 in the visible region by doping CdS nanocomposites. The results showed that as-prepared CdS-TiO2 nanocomposites has exhibited the highest photocatalytic activity in the process of photocatalytic degradation of AB-29 dye, and its degradation efficiency is 84%. After 1 h 30 min of visible light irradiation, while CdS and TiO2 showed only 68% and 09%, respectively. The observed decolorization rate of AB-29 is also higher in the case of CdS-TiO2 photocatalyst ~ 5.8 × 10−4mol L−1 min−1) as compared to the reported decolorization rate of CdS ~ 4.5 × 10−4mol L−1 min−1 and TiO2 ~ 0.67 × 10−4mol L−1 min−1. This increased photocatalytic effectiveness of CdS-TiO2 has been accomplished by reduced charge carrier recombination as a result of improved charge separation and extension of TiO2 in response to visible light.
Allergic conjunctivitis increases the likelihood of undergoing eyelid incision surgery in pediatric and adolescent patients
Authors: Wang Li Lyung , Kwon Ji-Won , Lee Ju-Yeun
Published: April 2022

The global prevalence of allergic diseases has increased dramatically in recent decades. From a global health perspective, they have been considered as a major chronic disease, and the related social burden has also been increasing worldwide. In line with this trend, we investigated the likelihood of undergoing incision surgery for eyelid inflammatory masses in pediatric and adolescent patients with allergic conjunctivitis (AC). The prevalence of AC and incision surgery showed a similar pattern of bimodal peaks during the spring and autumn of South Korea, reflecting the peak allergic seasons. The likelihood of undergoing incision surgery in patients with AC was 4.27 times higher than that of patients without AC and the likelihood of undergoing incision surgery was higher in every age group in the AC cohort than in the non-AC cohort. There was no significant difference between age groups and sexes. In the AC cohort for sub-analysis, the likelihood of undergoing incision surgery was 2.34 times higher in patients who used steroids than those who did not. These findings can suggest that proper management and education can be required for the likelihood of undergoing incision surgery due to eyelid inflammation mass in pediatric and adolescent patients with AC. Furthermore, greater attention should be paid to patients using steroids due to severe AC as they are more likely to undergo incision surgery.
Modulation of proper name recall by transcranial direct current stimulation of the anterior temporal lobes
Authors: Fresnoza Shane , Mayer Rosa-Maria , Schneider Katharina Sophia , Christova Monica , Gallasch Eugen , Ischebeck Anja
Published: April 2022

We often fail to recall another person's name. Proper names might be more difficult to memorize and retrieve than other pieces of knowledge, such as one's profession because they are processed differently in the brain. Neuroimaging and neuropsychological studies associate the bilateral anterior temporal lobes (ATL) in the retrieval of proper names and other person-related knowledge. Specifically, recalling a person's name is thought to be supported by the left ATL, whereas recalling specific information such as a person's occupation is suggested to be subserved by the right ATL. To clarify and further explore the causal relationship between both ATLs and proper name retrieval, we stimulated these regions with anodal, cathodal and sham transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) while the participants memorized surnames (e.g., Mr. Baker) and professions (e.g., baker) presented with a person’s face. The participants were then later asked to recall the surname and the profession. Left ATL anodal stimulation resulted in higher intrusion errors for surnames than sham, whereas right ATL anodal stimulation resulted in higher overall intrusion errors, both, surnames and professions, compared to cathodal stimulation. Cathodal stimulation of the left and right ATL had no significant effect on surname and profession recall. The results indicate that the left ATL plays a role in recalling proper names. On the other hand, the specific role of the right ATL remaines to be explored.
Ultra-sensitive detection of pyridine in water using zinc porphyrin incorporated in a transparent hydrophobic film
Authors: Sasai Ryo , Aoyama Yu-hei , Fujimura Takuya
Published: April 2022

In this study, we investigated the axial coordination reaction between pyridine and zinc meso-tetra(4-sulfonatophenyl)porphyrin (ZnTPPS) incorporated in a transparent layered double hydroxide (LDH) film modified with 1-decanesulfonate (C10S) in an aqueous solution. The apparent equilibrium constant ($${K}_{11}$$

K
11

) of the axial coordination reaction between pyridine and ZnTPPS incorporated in the transparent ZnTPPS/C10S/LDH film was approximately 260 times that of the corresponding reaction in an aqueous solution. The hydrophobisation of the LDH interlayer space by C10S, which led to the elimination of water molecules surrounding ZnTPPS and enabled the accumulation of pyridine molecules, was responsible for such a significant increase in the apparent $${K}_{11}$$

K
11

value. The developed film can detect pyridine in aqueous solutions with ultra-high sensitivity in the order of 10−5 mol/L through changes in the colour tone, which is comparable to the molecular detection ability of insect antennae. The sensing response was also observed at pyridine concentrations as low as 10−9 mol/L.
Diagnostic value of serum sphingolipids in patients with colorectal cancer
Authors: Pan Ziyue , Hu Zuojian , Guan Li , Zhang Lei , Gao Xia , Yang Lujie , Gong Tianqi , Hu Yanling , Zhao Yanping , Yu Hongxiu
Published: April 2022

We compared serum sphingolipids in healthy individuals, and polyp and colorectal cancer patients, and found that serum sphingolipid profiles shift during the development of cancer.
Hydrothermal construction of WO3·0.33H2O/g-C3N4 nanocomposites with enhanced adsorption and photocatalytic activity
Authors: Shen Yuegang , Liu Yangsi , Xi Xiaoli , Nie Zuoren
Published: April 2022

By adjusting the crystal material proportion of the WO3·0.33H2O/g-C3N4 composites, the co-improvement of adsorption and photocatalytic performance was realized under the synergistic effect of surface charge, specific surface area and heterostructure.
Discrete modeling of ionic space charge zones in solids
Authors: Xiao Chuanlian , Chen Chia-Chin , Maier Joachim
Published: April 2022

Discretization allows not only for a realistic treatment of space charge layers in solids but also for a straightforward incorporation of non-idealities.
Probing the evolution of conductivity and structural changes in vapor-F4TCNQ doped P3HT
Authors: DiTusa Mark F. , Grocke Garrett L. , Ma Tengzhou , Patel Shrayesh N.
Published: April 2022

This study highlights the importance of granular understanding of conductivity and structural changes in vapor doped semiconducting polymers.
An improved dual-channel capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detector with high detection performance
Authors: Nie Hongyu , Li Zhihui , Wang Xiaokun , Gu Rongmeng , Yuan Hongyan , Guo Yong , Xiao Dan
Published: April 2022

This work proposes a differential multi-input capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detector (DFMIC4D) with better detection performance than other existing set-ups.
UV degradation of poly(lactic acid) materials through copolymerisation with a sugar-derived cyclic xanthate
Authors: Hardy Craig , Kociok-Köhn Gabriele , Buchard Antoine
Published: April 2022

A bioderived cyclic xanthate monomer has been synthesised from tri-O-acetyl-d-glucal. Through copolymerisation with lactide, UV-degradable poly(lactic acid) materials are obtained.
Trend in light-induced excited-state spin trapping in Fe(ii)-based spin crossover systems
Authors: Karmakar Shiladitya , Chakraborty Pradip , Saha-Dasgupta Tanusri
Published: April 2022

A computational study of the light-induced excited spin-state trapping (LIESST) in a number of Fe(ii) spin crossover complexes, coordinated by monodentate, bidentate and multidentate ligands is carried out, with the goal to uncover the trend in the low temperature relaxation rate.
Size-dependent H and H2 formation by infrared multiple photon dissociation spectroscopy of hydrated vanadium cations, V+(H2O)n, n = 3–51
Authors: Heller Jakob , Cunningham Ethan M. , Hartmann Jessica C. , van der Linde Christian , Ončák Milan , Beyer Martin K.
Published: April 2022

Infrared multiple photon dissociation spectra of V+(H2O)n depend on experiment conditions, with strong kinetic shift effects for large clusters.
Modification of graphite carbon nitride by adding an ultra-micro amount of triaminotriphenylamine for superior photocatalytic hydrogen evolution
Authors: Chen Xiaona , Xu Yanheng , Xu Ge
Published: April 2022

The electron–hole pairs separated effectively by intermolecular charge transfer between triphenylamine and heptazine of doped g-C3N4 improve photocatalytic hydrogen evolution.
Sensitive immunochromatographic assay for the detection of the dimethachlone fungicide in tomatoes and lettuces
Authors: Yao Jingjing , Xu Xinxin , Liu Haiying , Xu Liguang , Liu Liqiang , Kuang Hua , Xu Chuanlai
Published: April 2022

A sensitive and rapid gold nanoparticle-based immunochromatographic strip (GNP-ICS) for the detection of dimethachlone (DMT) in tomatoes and lettuces.
A high-rate free-standing Na3V2(PO4)3 symmetric full cell for sodium-ion batteries
Authors: Sadan Milan K. , Jeon Minyeong , Yun Jimin , Song Eunji , Cho Kwon-Koo , Ahn Jou-Hyeon , Ahn Hyo-Jun
Published: April 2022

With the aid of an ether electrolyte, superior electrochemical performance of free-standing Na3V2(PO4)3 electrodes as the anode, cathode, and full cell is analyzed.
Quantitative live-cell imaging of GPCR downstream signaling dynamics
Authors: Tany Ryosuke , Goto Yuhei , Kondo Yohei , Aoki Kazuhiro
Published: April 2022

G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) play an important role in sensing various extracellular stimuli, such as neurotransmitters, hormones, and tastants, and transducing the input information into the cell. While the human genome encodes more than 800 GPCR genes, only four Gα-proteins (Gαs, Gαi/o, Gαq/11, and Gα12/13) are known to couple with GPCRs. It remains unclear how such divergent GPCR information is translated into the downstream G-protein signaling dynamics. To answer this question, we report a live-cell fluorescence imaging system for monitoring GPCR downstream signaling dynamics. Genetically encoded biosensors for cAMP, Ca2+, RhoA, and ERK were selected as markers for GPCR downstream signaling, and were stably expressed in HeLa cells. GPCR was further transiently overexpressed in the cells. As a proof-of-concept, we visualized GPCR signaling dynamics of five dopamine receptors and 12 serotonin receptors, and found heterogeneity between GPCRs and between cells. Even when the same Gα proteins were known to be coupled, the patterns of dynamics in GPCR downstream signaling, including the signal strength and duration, were substantially distinct among GPCRs. These results suggest the importance of dynamical encoding in GPCR signaling.
MicroRNAs in neural crest development and neurocristopathies
Authors: Antonaci Marco , Wheeler Grant N.
Published: April 2022

The neural crest (NC) is a vertebrate-specific migratory population of multipotent stem cells that originate during late gastrulation in the region between the neural and non-neural ectoderm. This population of cells give rise to a range of derivatives, such as melanocytes, neurons, chondrocytes, chromaffin cells, and osteoblasts. Because of this, failure of NC development can cause a variety of pathologies, often syndromic, that are globally called neurocristopathies. Many genes are known to be involved in NC development, but not all of them have been identified. In recent years, attention has moved from protein-coding genes to non-coding genes, such as microRNAs (miRNA). There is increasing evidence that these non-coding RNAs are playing roles during embryogenesis by regulating the expression of protein-coding genes. In this review, we give an introduction to miRNAs in general and then focus on some miRNAs that may be involved in NC development and neurocristopathies. This new direction of research will give geneticists, clinicians, and molecular biologists more tools to help patients affected by neurocristopathies, as well as broadening our understanding of NC biology.
Meta-modelling the climate of dry tide-locked rocky planets
Authors: Auclair-Desrotour P. , Deitrick R. , Heng K.
Published: April 2022

Context. Rocky planets hosted by close-in extrasolar systems are likely to be tidally locked in 1:1 spin-orbit resonance, a configuration where they exhibit a permanent dayside and nightside. Because of the resulting day-night temperature gradient, the climate and large-scale circulation of these planets are strongly determined by their atmospheric stability against collapse, which designates the runaway condensation of greenhouse gases on the nightside.

Aims. To better constrain the surface conditions and climatic regime of rocky extrasolar planets located in the habitable zone of their host star, it is therefore crucial to elucidate the mechanisms that govern the day-night heat redistribution.

Methods. As a first attempt to bridge the gap between multiple modelling approaches ranging from simplified analytical greenhouse models to sophisticated 3D general circulation models (GCMs), we developed a general circulation meta-model (GCMM) able to reproduce the closed-form solutions obtained in earlier studies, the numerical solutions obtained from GCM simulations, and solutions provided by intermediate models, assuming the slow rotator approximation. We used this approach to characterise the atmospheric stability of Earth-sized rocky planets with dry atmospheres containing CO2, and we benchmarked it against 3D GCM simulations using the THOR GCM.

Results. We observe that the collapse pressure below which collapse occurs can vary by ~40% around the value predicted by analytical scaling laws depending on the mechanisms taken into account among radiative transfer, atmospheric dynamics, and turbulent diffusion. Particularly, we find (i) that the turbulent diffusion taking place in the dayside planetary boundary layer (PBL) globally tends to warm up the nightside surface hemisphere except in the transition zone between optically thin and optically thick regimes, (ii) that the PBL also significantly affects the day-night advection timescale, and (iii) that the slow rotator approximation holds from the moment that the normalised equatorial Rossby deformation radius is greater than 2.
BEYONDPLANCK
Authors: Galloway M. , Reinecke M. , Andersen K. J. , Aurlien R. , Banerji R. , Bersanelli M. , Bertocco S. , Brilenkov M. , Carbone M. , Colombo L. P. L. , Eriksen H. K. , Eskilt J. R. , Foss M. K. , Franceschet C. , Fuskeland U. , Galeotta S. , Gerakakis S. , Gjerløw E. , Hensley B. , Herman D. , Iacobellis M. , Ieronymaki M. , Ihle H. T. , Jewell J. B. , Karakci A. , Keihänen E. , Keskitalo R. , Maggio G. , Maino D. , Maris M. , Mennella A. , Paradiso S. , Partridge B. , San M. , Suur-Uski A.-S. , Svalheim T. L. , Tavagnacco D. , Thommesen H. , Watts D. J. , Wehus I. K. , Zacchei A.
Published: April 2022

We introduce a new formulation of theConviqtconvolution algorithm in terms of spin harmonics, and apply this to the problem of sidelobe correction for BEYONDPLANCK, the first end-to-end Bayesian Gibbs sampling framework for CMB analysis. We compare our implementation to the previousPlanckLevelS implementation, and find good agreement between the two codes in terms of accuracy, but with a speed-up reaching a factor of 3–10, depending on the frequency bandlimits,lmaxandmmax. The new algorithm is significantly simpler to implement and maintain, since all low-level calculations are handled through an external spherical harmonic transform library. We find that our mean sidelobe estimates forPlanckLFI are in good agreement with previous efforts. Additionally, we present novel sidelobe rms maps that quantify the uncertainty in the sidelobe corrections due to variations in the sky model.
Effects of inorganic substitutions on electronic transport properties of single-molecule devices
Authors: Cheng Jie , Cui Bin , Xu Yuqing
Published: April 2022

The actual fabrication and integration of single organic molecular devices face several challenges, which is precisely the advantages of conventional inorganic technology. Therefore, it is interesting to investigate the device performance of organic molecules with inorganic substitutions. Based on a combined density functional theory for the optimization of molecular geometries and calculation of electronic properties, with the non-equilibrium Green’s function for the simulation of electronic transport properties, the present work studies the performance of group III and V substituted benzene, i.e., XnB3−nN3H6 (X = Al, Ga; n = 0 − 3) molecules/clusters, sandwiched between two gold electrodes. The results suggest that, compared with the electronic transport properties of benzene molecular device, with the index n increases, a worse device performance will be observed. These phenomena will provide a new direction for future design of molecular devices.
Alter und Altern in der Psychosomatik
Authors: Reinwarth Anna Celine , Beutel Manfred E. , Brähler Elmar
Published: April 2022

Der demografische Wandel führt weltweit zu einer Zunahme an Personen im
höheren Lebensalter. Eine alternde Bevölkerung stellt aufgrund der
damit einhergehenden Multimorbidität eine Herausforderung für die
Gesundheits- und Sozialsysteme dar, darunter auch für die Psychosomatik. Die
psychosomatische Versorgung von älteren Personen gestaltet sich aufgrund der
Heterogenität dieser Altersgruppe in Bezug auf Lebenslage, Ressourcen und
Unterstützungsbedarf komplex.
Optimizing Treatment of Breast Cancer Related Lymphedema Using Combined DIEP Flap and Lymphedema Surgery
Authors: Chang Edward I.
Published: April 2022

Patients undergoing treatment for breast cancer who undergo an axillary dissection and require adjuvant therapies such as radiation and chemotherapy are at high risk of developing lymphedema of the associated extremity. Historically, patients with lymphedema were treated with ablative procedures aimed simply to remove excess fluid and adiposity; however, the field of lymphatic surgery employing super-microsurgery techniques has witnessed tremendous advances in a relatively short period of time. Advancements in surgical instruments, microscope magnification and optics, imaging technology, and surgeon experience have ushered in a new era of hope to treat patients suffering from breast cancer–related lymphedema (BCRL). Here we aim to present the available options for patients suffering from BCRL, and the pinnacle in reconstruction and restoration for these patients.
Therapeutic Effects of Amnion-Conjugated Chitosan-Alginate Membranes on Diabetic Wounds in an Induced Diabetic Swine Model: An In Vitro and In Vivo Study
Authors: Jeong Woonhyeok , Hong Jamin , Jung Minho , Jang Mijin , An Sanghyun , Jo Taehee , Kwon Sunyoung , Son Daegu
Published: April 2022

Background Chitosan (CS) is a well-known antimicrobial dressing material. Moreover, widely used amniotic membranes contain growth factors beneficial for wound healing. Herein, we created a novel amnion-conjugated CS-alginate membrane dressing and tested its wound healing potency in a diabetic swine model.

Methods The bovine amniotic powder growth factor contents were evaluated by protein assay, and the powder's wound healing effects were assessed in vitro by HaCaT cell scratch closure. In vivo, two minipigs developed streptozotocin-induced diabetes. Serial serum glucose measurements and intravenous glucose tolerance tests were performed to confirm their diabetic status. Twelve square-shaped wounds created on each pig's back were randomly divided into control (n = 4), CS (n = 4), and amnion-CS (AC; n = 4) groups and treated accordingly with different dressings. Wound healing in each group was assessed by measuring wound contraction over time, capturing wound perfusion with indocyanine green (ICG) angiography, and histologically analyzing inflammatory markers.

Results Amniotic powder elution promoted HaCaT cell migration in the scratch wound model, suggesting its beneficial in vitro wound healing effects. In vivo, the CS and AC groups showed earlier wound contraction initiation and reepithelialization and earlier wound perfusion improvement by ICG angiography than the control group. Additionally, the wound size of the AC group at week 3 was significantly smaller than those in the control group. There was no significant difference in the numbers of acute and chronic inflammatory cells between the groups.

Conclusion The amnion-conjugated CS-alginate membrane, as well as CS dressing alone, could be a favorable dressing option for diabetic wounds.
Police recruits’ wants and needs in police training in Germany
Authors: Staller Mario S. , Koerner Swen , Heil Valentina , Abraham Andrew , Poolton Jamie
Published: April 2022

Police recruits undertake mandatory training programmes to prepare for conflict situations. To motivate recruits to engage in what is called “police training” (“Polizeitraining” or “Einsatztraining”) in Germany, police trainers should design activities that align with what the recruitswantfrom training. As such, the current study investigated the wants and subjective training needs of police recruits by asking twenty-seven recruits of a German police force to identify positive and negative aspects of police training, as well as the characteristics of a competent police trainer. The qualitative data was analysed using content analysis. Higher order themes consisted of (a) the relevance of police training; (b) motivating aspects of police training; (c) negative aspects of police training; and (d) characteristics of a competent police trainer. Recruits expressed that police training is an important part of their education, which they perceived as relevant in preparing them for their duty and for upcoming performance tests. Prominent motivating aspects included the perception of competence and being challenged holistically. De-contextualized practice and static repetitions were demotivating factors. The police trainer is perceived to play a prominent role in learning and recruits want police trainers to (a) have sound knowledge of the taught content; (b) effectively deliver the training content; and (c) be mindful of individual differences. By offering insight into the wants and needs of recruits undertaking police training, the current study informs the practice of police trainers and trainer developers.
Witnessing localization of a quantum state via quantum speed limits in a driven avoided-level crossing system
Authors: Hu Xianghong , Sun Shuning , Zheng Yujun
Published: April 2022

In this work, we investigate the witnessing of the localization of quantum states through quantum speed limits (QSLs) in a two-level driven avoided-level crossing system. As the characteristic natures of the localized quantum states, the QSL presents the periodic oscillations and coherence. The coherence partition of QSL is much bigger than the population partition of QSL. Our study gives us the possibilities to manipulate dynamics of quantum states locally by employing the coherent destruction of tunneling, which is significant in quantum information process. In addition, we analyze the effects of the rotating-wave approximation and the generalized Van Vleck approach on QSL and show that they wipe out the quantum coherence.
Design considerations for gallium arsenide pulse compression photoconductive switch
Authors: Dong Yicong , Dowling Karen M. , Hau-Riege Stefan P. , Conway Adam , Voss Lars F. , Rakheja Shaloo
Published: April 2022

In this paper, we present the physics and design-space exploration of a novel pulse compression photoconductive switch (PCPS) using semi-insulating gallium arsenide (GaAs) operating in the negative differential mobility (NDM) regime of electron transport. We systematically quantify the relationship between the PCPS performance and various design options, including contact separation, laser energy and placement, and trap dynamics. Specifically, we report the full-width at half-maximum and the peak output current generated by the PCPS as a function of applied electrical and optical bias. We discuss the optimal spacing between the electrodes and the distance of the laser spot to the anode to achieve higher electron confinement and superior radio-frequency (RF) metrics. Reducing the laser energy is important to prevent the appearance of secondary peaks due to diffusive transport, but there exists a trade-off between the bandwidth and the maximum current of the PCPS. We also compare the PCPS response with and without trap dynamics and find that the electrostatic screening from the trap-induced space charge is time-independent when the trapping time constant is set larger than the recombination lifetime. Overall, trap dynamics are detrimental to performance, unless the compensation doping scheme to achieve semi-insulating GaAs is carefully selected. Results presented in this paper can be used by experimentalists to fine-tune the PCPS design parameters to meet the specifications of various RF applications. Moreover, our results will provide a strong theoretical basis to the measurements of PCPS devices using GaAs and other NDM materials under investigation.
Operando structure observation of pyroelectric ceramics during power generation cycle
Authors: Kawasaki Takuro , Fukuda Tatsuo , Yamanaka Satoru , Sakamoto Tomokazu , Murayama Ichiro , Katou Takanori , Baba Masaaki , Hashimoto Hideki , Harjo Stefanus , Aizawa Kazuya , Tanaka Hirohisa , Takeda Masatoshi , Sekino Tohru , Nakayama Tadachika , Kim Yoonho
Published: April 2022

The microscopic origin of the pyroelectric power generation using ferroelectric ceramics for energy harvesting from time-varying waste heat can be understood by conducting operando neutron diffraction measurements. The behavior of the domain orientation and lattice strain in the lead zirconate titanate-based ceramics with a tetragonal structure during the novel power generation cycle combining the electric field and the temperature change were investigated. The [001] domains and the lattice strain of the (111) plane in the direction parallel to the electric field increase in the process of simultaneous rise in the electric field and temperature and rapidly decrease in the process of the field drop. Furthermore, larger structural changes were found in the material and cycle condition, giving higher power density. The alignment of the domain orientation by the electric field and its randomization by the higher temperature during the cycle are critical features of the current power generation system.
Sliding across a surface: Particles with fixed and mobile ligands
Authors: Lowensohn Janna , Stevens Laurie , Goldstein Daniel , Mognetti Bortolo Matteo
Published: April 2022

A quantitative model of the mobility of ligand-presenting particles at the interface is pivotal to understanding important systems in biology and nanotechnology. In this work, we investigate the emerging dynamics of particles featuring ligands that selectively bind receptors decorating an interface. The formation of a ligand–receptor complex leads to a molecular bridge anchoring the particle to the surface. We consider systems with reversible bridges in which ligand–receptor pairs bind/unbind with finite reaction rates. For a given set of bridges, the particle can explore a tiny fraction of the surface as the extensivity of the bridges is finite. We show how, at timescales longer than the bridges’ lifetime, the average position of the particle diffuses away from its initial value. We distill our findings into two analytic equations for the sliding diffusion constant of particles carrying mobile and fixed ligands. We quantitatively validate our theoretical predictions using reaction–diffusion simulations. We compare our findings with results from recent literature studies and discuss the molecular parameters that likely affect the particle’s mobility most. Our results, along with recent literature studies, will allow inferring the microscopic parameters at play in complex biological systems from experimental trajectories.
Scaling effects in the alternating-current poling of thin PIN-PMN-PT single crystals
Authors: Kim Hwang-Pill , Wan Haotian , Lu Xuanming , Yamashita Yohachi (John) , Jiang Xiaoning
Published: April 2022

AC-poling of Pb(In1/2Nb1/2)O3-Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-PbTiO3 (PIN-PMN-PT) single crystals with a thickness of 0.06–0.16 mm was studied in this paper. Compared with DC-poled samples, enhancements in piezoelectric and dielectric properties can be obtained when the thickness is above 0.1 mm. However, inconsistency in poling effects was found in the crystals with thickness below 0.1 mm. To elucidate why such scaling effect arises, surface roughness was measured by an atomic force microscopy to correlate surface morphology and poling effects. It was found that non-uniform surface roughness led to inconsistent and decreased properties. Furthermore, temperature-dependent dielectric permittivity spectra were measured to explore how crystal thickness affects the thermal stability of ferroelectric phases. It is noted that complex changes in crystallographic symmetries emanate by decreasing thickness. Such phenomena can be attributed to more influential effects of surface morphology when thickness is reduced. We hope this work suggests a clue for solving the scaling effects of AC-poling on relaxor-PbTiO3 single crystals.
On the fingering instability of a simultaneous thermocapillary and solutocapillary driven droplet
Authors: Li Chunxi , Su Haozhe , Tong Jiaming , Ye Xuemin
Published: April 2022

We study the fingering instability in a droplet simultaneously induced to spread by a surfactant and temperature. The use of the lubrication approximation yields coupled evolution equations for the film thickness, surfactant concentration, and temperature. A direct numerical simulation is performed, and a stability analysis based on the disturbance energy is conducted. Four cases are considered for the substrate temperature field: a nonheated substrate, an isothermally heated substrate, a nonisothermally heated substrate, and a thick substrate. The results show that fluids always tend to “flee” from hotter areas and surfactant-enriched areas, and that the flow stability is greatly influenced by this effect. The uneven distribution of the velocity field caused by surface tension is the fundamental reason for the formation of fingerlike patterns. The contributions of the capillary effect, the solutocapillary effect, and the thermocapillary effect as driving forces are quantified in terms of their locations and relative strength during spreading. The solutocapillary and thermocapillary effects exert a destabilizing effect on the spreading. On a nonisothermally heated substrate, a stronger thermocapillary effect strengthens the unevenness of the surfactant, leading to the most unstable flow. Finally, a variable viscosity model is considered and the flow stability is examined. The results show that on a nonisothermally heated substrate, the unevenness of the surfactant and temperature distribution is strengthened due to better fluidity in hotter areas, leading to a more unstable flow. On an isothermally heated substrate, the overall liquidity increases the spreading velocity but does not affect the stability.
Comparative analysis of recirculating and collimating cesium ovens
Authors: Hahn Raphaël , Battard Thomas , Boucher Oscar , Picard Yan J. , Lignier Hans , Comparat Daniel , Keriel Nolwenn-Amandine , Lopez Colin , Oswald Emanuel , Reveillard Morgan , Viteau Matthieu
Published: April 2022

We have performed a study of several cesium oven designs. A comparison between recirculating (or sticking-wall) and collimating (or re-emitting-wall) ovens is made in order to extract the most efficient design in terms of beam brightness. Unfortunately, non-reproducible behaviors have been observed, and the most often observed output flux is similar to the sticking-wall case, which is the lowest theoretical value of the two cases, with a beam brightness close to 1018 at. sr−1 s−1 cm−2. The reason of this universally observed behavior is unclear despite having tested several materials for the collimating tube. Conclusion on possible improved design based on sticking of cesium on several (un)cleaned surfaces is given.