bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Obtaining Ellipsoid Dimensions from Circumferential Measurements
Authors: Valter Yishai , Truong Dennis Q. , Datta Abhishek
Published: November 2024

The equation of a sphere can be obtained by dividing its circumference by 2π to determine its radius. The radius can then be used to calculate the sphere’s properties including its surface area and volume. However, this known circumference-radius relationship only exists for a perfect sphere, not an ellipsoid. Consequently, the dimensions, surface area, and volume of an ellipsoid can only be determined by directly measuring its axes or diameters, a process that may sometimes be difficult due to the inherent challenge in extending a measuring tool through a solid object. We therefore developed a mathematical formula for obtaining the dimensions of an ellipsoid based on its circumferential measurements. Our method leverages the fact that the three circumferences of an ellipsoid are each an ellipse with the same radii as the parent ellipsoid. A system of three equations, one equation for each ellipse, can then be used to obtain the equation of the parent ellipsoid. The mathematical formula we develop has broad application in mathematics and engineering sciences.
Addicted to playing? Establishing an addictive-like behavioural phenotype in pet dogs
Authors: Mazzini Alja , Riemer Stefanie
Published: November 2024

Behavioural addictions, characterised by compulsive engagement in rewarding activities despite adverse consequences in the long term, are more heterogeneous and less well-understood than substance addictions, and there is a relative lack of translational research. This study investigates "excessive toy motivation" in domestic dogs as a potential parallel to behavioural addictions in humans. Employing a combination of a behavioural test and an owner questionnaire, we examined whether a subset of highly play-motived dogs meet key behavioural addiction criteria including craving, salience, lack of self-control, and mood modification. Data from 105 highly play-motivated dogs revealed that 33 subjects exhibited behaviours consistent with addictive-like tendencies, including an excessive fixation on toys, reduced responsiveness to alternative stimuli, and persistent efforts to access toys. Owner-reported behaviours not only corroborated these findings but also demonstrated significant associations with behavioural test scores. Our results highlight parallels between excessive toy motivation in dogs and human behavioural addictions, with dogs as the only non-human species so far that appears to develop addictive-like behaviours "naturally" without artificial induction. This exploratory study provides foundational insights and proposes future research directions that have the potential to significantly deepen our understanding of the psychological mechanisms underlying behavioural addictions across species.
Trajectories of geriatric depression after spousal loss: Effects of sudden loss and social engagement
Authors: Shin Dongjun , Park Jeongsoo
Published: November 2024

Objectives: Bereavement poses a significant mental health risk later in life; however, many older adults exhibit resilience in the face of loss. Based on the Dual Process Model (DPM) of coping with bereavement, this study investigated how psychological and social factors pertaining to loss- and restoration-oriented processes predict geriatric depression trajectories following spousal loss.Methods: Using eight waves of data from the 2006–2020 Korean Longitudinal Study of Ageing (KLoSA), this study analyzed 510 individuals who experienced spousal loss during the 14-year period.Results: Longitudinal multilevel modeling showed that time alone did not predict decreased depression. Instead, sudden loss and higher baseline depression led to increased depression, whereas greater informal social engagement (meeting friends), older age, better general health, and economic satisfaction were associated with lower depression. Notably, the effects of sudden loss and baseline depression decreased over time.Conclusion: Consistent with the DPM, loss-oriented processes, such as sudden loss, predicted short-term outcomes, while restoration-oriented processes, particularly informal social engagement, facilitated long-term adaptation. Highlighting the heterogeneity of depression trajectories among older South Korean adults, this study suggests the importance of evaluating both individual differences and changes over time to effectively address geriatric depression following spousal loss.
Sex differences in the association between drinking motives, protective behavioral strategies, and alcohol outcomes in a college sample
Authors: Hardee Jillian E , Paige Katie , Ekves Zachary D. , Kardan Omid , McCurry Katherine , Martz Meghan E. , Cope Lora M.
Published: November 2024

Background: Drinking motives and protective behavioral strategies have been shown to impact the frequency and quantity of alcohol consumption in young adults, including among college students who are at high risk for problem drinking. However, how male and female heavy drinkers employ different protective behavioral strategies with respect to their drinking motives, and whether these impact drinking patterns differentially, are currently understudied.Methods: We analyzed data from 109 college student participants (ages 18–21; 51.4% female) with problem drinking to examine associations between drinking motives, protective behavioral strategies, and their interaction on drinking outcomes. We also assessed moderation by sex in our analyses.Results: Across all measures, men reported significantly higher values for total drinks, drinking days, drinks per drinking day, some types of protective behavioral strategies (i.e., limiting/stopping alcohol use, harm reduction), and enhancement-related drinking motives. Key findings from linear regression models indicated that drinking motives and protective behavioral strategies were differentially associated with various drinking outcomes and sex as main effects and in interactions. Conclusion: Our findings highlight the importance of examining sex differences in alcohol-related behaviors, cognitions, and outcomes among college students. This work demonstrates the nuance and complexity of such alcohol-related factors, and for whom they are most relevant (i.e., males or females). As such, findings from the current study may inform the development of more targeted alcohol use prevention and interventions efforts on college campuses.
Willingness to trust is reduced by loneliness and paranoia
Authors: Bellucci Gabriele , Keramati Mehdi , Hanssen Esther , Fett Anne-Kathrin Johanna
Published: November 2024

Loneliness is associated with negative social behaviors impairing social relationships. However, the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. Here we investigated whether paranoid thoughts affect lonely individuals’ willingness to rely on expectations of partner reciprocity during trusting interactions in individuals with and without psychosis. We found that loneliness and paranoia were strongly correlated with each other and with more distrustful behavior after breaches of trust. Sensitivity to changes in partner reciprocity were higher in lonelier and more paranoid individuals. Lonelier individuals also trusted highly-reciprocating partners less. Computational modeling revealed that lonelier and more paranoid individuals were less willing to rely on expectations of partner reciprocity. Importantly, these effects were observed in both patients and controls, indicating the important impact of loneliness and paranoia on both clinical and general populations. These findings demonstrate how loneliness affects social behaviors and expectations, pointing to important downstream implications for lonely individuals’ relationships.
Your Belief Matters: Explaining Vaccine Hesitancy from Religious Norms
Authors: Iqbal Mirza Muchammad
Published: November 2024

Religious factors often play an important role in predicting health-related behaviour in Indonesia, including vaccination attitudes. However, limited studies have explored the intergroup and intragroup processes when discussing vaccine hesitancy. This study investigates ingroup and outgroup norms and vaccine hesitation by controlling conspiracy beliefs and fatalism. To address research questions, the online quasi-experimental method was applied. This study involved stimuli consisting of hypothetical information about the intention of vaccination based on the participants’ reference group. We randomly assigned participants to test whether the manipulation could influence vaccine hesitancy. Multiple linear regressions were performed for data analysis in two models. We also conducted model comparison and marginal mean analysis to see the interaction effect. As a result, we did not find the relationship of predictor variables; group, manipulation, its interaction, and fatalism. In contrast, conspiracy beliefs revealed a consistently significant association with vaccine hesitancy (β = .14, p < .001; CI = [.09 - .20]). The authors believe that several reasons affect the study result, including lack of time and sample size, less geographical representativeness, and technical issues. Hence, this research has implications for COVID-19 vaccine discussion regarding the experimental approach to understanding the social context. Findings suggests that gaining an ideal sample size to detect the smallest effect size and involved population in rural areas is essential. Further, technical issues to maintain internal evaluation should be provided in the experiment, like using manipulation checks and giving guidelines for questionnaire completion.Keywords: Vaccine Hesitancy, Ingroup, Outgroup, Conspiracy Beliefs, Fatalism
The Influence of Social Media Marketing and Electronic Word of Mouth on Brand Image and Purchase Intention with Ventela Shoe Products in Pekanbaru City
Authors: Farhan Muhammad Farhan , Rahayu Deny Danar , Pratiwi Dian
Published: November 2024

The rapid development of the fashion world has attracted a lot ofpublic attention, especially among teenagers who want to lookattractive. Shoes are one of the most famous fashion trends, asevidenced by the creation of various models and types of shoes sold onthe market. Therefore, shoe industry companies offer affordableprices, have a good brand image, and are able to provide satisfactionto consumers. This study was conducted to determine the influence ofsocial media marketing and electronic word of mouth on brand imageand purchase intention with ventela shoe products in pekanbaru city.The population in this study were all consumers who were interestedin making purchases on the Ventela shoe brand who were domiciled inPekanbaru City with a sample size of 100 people. The data collectiontechnique in this study used a questionnaire with a quantitativemethod. The analysis tool used in this study was Path Analysis usingthe SPSS 26 application. The results of the study showed that 1. SocialMedia Marketing had a positive and significant effect on Brand Image;2. electronic Word Of Mouth had a positive and significant effect onBrand Image; 3. Social Media Marketing had a positive and significanteffect on purchase intention; 4. electronic Word Of Mouth has apositive and significant effect on purchase intention; 5. Brand Imagehas a positive and significant effect on purchase intention; 6. BrandImage is able to mediate the influence of Social Media Marketing onpurchase intention; 7. Brand Image is able to mediate the influence ofelectronic Word Of Mouth on purchase intention
Türkiye'de Zihinsel Yetersizlik Alanına İlişkin Son Yönelimler: Sistematik Derleme
Authors: Akdal Deniz
Published: November 2024

Türkiye'de zihinsel yetersizlik alanında yapılan çalışmalar, bu bireylerin eğitim, rehabilitasyon ve topluma entegrasyonu konularına odaklanmaktadır. Bu çalışmalar genellikle nitel, nicel ve karma yöntemlerle yürütülmektedir. Araştırmalarda genellikle deneysel tasarımlar, anketler, görüşmeler ve gözlem gibi veri toplama yöntemleri kullanılmaktadır. Örneğin, zihinsel yetersizliği olan bireylerin bilişsel ve sosyal becerilerini geliştirmek amacıyla uygulanan eğitim programlarının etkililiği üzerine yapılan çalışmalar yaygındır. Bunun yanı sıra, bu bireylerin topluma uyum süreçlerini destekleyen rehabilitasyon programlarının etkililiği de sıkça araştırılmaktadır. Sonuçlar, uygun eğitim ve rehabilitasyon müdahalelerinin, zihinsel yetersizliği olan bireylerin beceri düzeylerini artırmada ve topluma uyumlarını kolaylaştırmada önemli katkılar sağladığını göstermektedir. Ayrıca, ailelerin ve öğretmenlerin bu süreçteki rolünün kritik olduğu vurgulanmaktadır. Tartışma Türkiye'de zihinsel yetersizlik alanında yapılan çalışmaların, bu bireylerin yaşam kalitesini artırmak amacıyla daha kapsamlı ve sürdürülebilir programların geliştirilmesi gerektiğini ortaya koyduğu belirtilmektedir. Ayrıca, toplumsal farkındalığın artırılması ve yetersizliği olan bireylere yönelik olumsuz tutumların değiştirilmesi gerektiği de vurgulanmaktadır. Bu bağlamda, gelecekteki araştırmaların daha kapsayıcı politikaların geliştirilmesine katkıda bulunabileceği ifade edilmektedir.
7. Sınıf Öğrencilerinin Dinleme ve Konuşma Becerilerinin Gelişimi Açısından Vlog Kullanımı
Authors: Çakan Polat Beril , Karasakaloğlu Nuri
Published: November 2024

Bu araştırmada, vlog kullanımının 7. sınıf öğrencilerinin dinleme ve konuşma becerileri üzerindeki etkisi incelenmiştir. Araştırmada ortaokul 7. sınıf öğrencileri tarafından Türkçe derslerinde vloglar hazırlamak ve bu vlogları kullanarak dinleme ve konuşma becerilerini geliştirmek amaçlanmıştır. Araştırmanın çalışma grubunu; 2023-2024 öğretim yılı Aydın ilinde orta düzey sosyo ekonomik nitelikte olan bir devlet ortaokulunda 7. sınıfa devam eden öğrenciler oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmada açıklayıcı karma desen kullanılmıştır. Deney ve kontrol gruplarına, deneysel uygulamalar öncesi araştırmacı tarafından geliştirilen “Dinlediğini Anlama Başarı Testi” ve “Konuşma Becerisi Değerlendirme Formu” uygulanmıştır. Uygulama sonunda deney grubundaki öğrencilerin durumla ilgili görüşlerine başvurmak amacıyla “Vlog Uygulamalarına Yönelik Görüş Alma Formu” uygulanmıştır. Toplanan nicel veriler SPSS 25 programı kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir. Her iki veri grubunun da normal dağılmasından dolayı tüm alt probleme yönelik verilerin analizinde parametrik testler kullanılmıştır. Nitel veriler ise içerik analizi ile analiz edilmiştir. Nicel ve nitel bulgular sonucunda vlog uygulamalarının, dinleme becerisinin ve konuşma becerisinin gelişimi açısından etkili olduğu görülmüştür.
Changes in the Antioxidant System of Germinating Seeds and Sprouts of Pea with the Use of Micellar-Substrate Extract of Oyster Mushrooms
Authors: Tarasov S. S. , Mikhalev E. V. , Krutova E. K.
Published: November 2024

The reactions of the antioxidant system (AOS) of daily germinating seeds and 8-day-old pea seedlings cultivated using 10% and 100% aqueous extract from spent oyster mushroom straw substrate (hereinafter extract) were studied. The mother liquor was taken for 100% extract after its preparation, and the 10% was obtained by diluting the mother liquor. The plants were grown in oligotrophic hydroponic conditions and in eutrophic conditions on gray forest soil. The activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), expression of SOD-1, CAT-1, POD genes, and the content of low molecular weight antioxidants (NMAO): ascorbate, phylloquinones, and free proline were studied as the main indicators of the AOS reaction. The inhibitory effect of 10% and 100% extract on the activity of SOD and CAT, but not on the activity of POD in daily germinating seeds, has been shown. At the same time, the content of mRNA transcripts of the SOD-1 and POD genes decreased only slightly in seeds cultivated with 100% extract, in the remaining experimental groups the level of gene expression did not differ from the control. The content of ascorbate in all experimental groups did not differ from the control, and phylloquinones and free proline were less than in the control. In the leaves of 8-day-old seedlings cultivated in a hydroponic medium, in all experimental groups, the activity of AOS enzymes, the expression of their coding genes and the content of phylloquinones and free proline did not differ from the control. At the same time, the ascorbate content was higher. In plants cultivated in soil using a 10% extract, all EPA indicators did not differ from the control. In plants grown using 100% extract, the activity of SOD, the expression level of the SOD-1 gene, the content of ascorbate and free proline were higher, and the remaining indicators did not differ from the control. Thus, the extract at the initial stages of germination inhibited the AOS of peas, followed by restoration (in oligotrophic conditions) and enhancement (in eutrophic cultivation conditions) of its work.
ТРУДОВІ РЕСУРСИ ПІДПРИЄМСТВА: АНАЛІЗ СТАНУ ТА ЕФЕКТИВНОСТІ ВИКОРИСТАННЯ
Authors: ПУЧКОВА Світлана , КОЛЄВ Максим
Published: November 2024

У статті розкрито питання оптимізації використання трудових ресурсів на підприємстві. Наведено підходи до визначення поняття «трудові ресурси підприємства». На основі вивчення існуючих теоретичних положень запропоноване уточнення поняття «трудові ресурси підприємства». Охарактеризовані поняття «кадри», «персонал підприємства», «трудові ресурси підприємства» «людський капітал підприємства». Обґрунтовано взаємозв’язок та співвідношення між даними поняттями. Розглянуто методику діагностики трудових ресурсів за такими напрямами: аналіз забезпеченості підприємства трудовими ресурсами; аналіз структури трудових ресурсів; аналіз руху працівників. Сформовано систему параметрів, які більш повно відображають ступінь використання трудових ресурсів на підприємстві, зокрема: показники аналізу чисельності працівників; показники аналізу структури працівників; показники аналізу руху працівників; показники аналізу продуктивності та трудомісткості праці; показники аналізу фонду робочого часу. Запропоновані практичні рекомендації щодо створення умов для оптимізації використання трудових ресурсів на підприємстві за такими пріоритетними напрямами: збереження трудових ресурсів; перерозподіл працівників; підвищення кваліфікації працівників; залучення нових працівників; використання сучасних технологій.
INTEGRATING INFORMATION SYSTEMS: LINKING GLOBAL BUSINESS GOALS TO	LOCAL DATABASE APPLICATIONS
Authors: Dignum F. , Houben G. J.
Published: November 2024

This paper describes a new approach to design modern information systems that offer an integrated access to the data and knowledge that is available in local applications. By integrating the local data management activities into one transparent information distribution process, modern organizations can offer better support for its workers in the execution and coordination of their work activities. Observing practical applications of decentralized, autonomous and heterogeneous information systems we see deficiencies in currently available approaches to model such information systems. They do not acknowledge the pivotal role that (informal) communicating workers play in the context of an entire organization. The interaction between the members of social and informal groups of employees makes it possible that (in many of todays information-intensive enterprises) the local structured procedures can be effectively and flexibly integrated into global work processes supporting the business goals. Traditional design techniques concentrate on either the structured local procedures (and its local database applications), the structured global process (and its global business goals), or the informal (less structured) communication between individuals. We suggest to combine an activity-based model (suited to describe the structured parts of the processes) with a goal- or conversation-based model to tie the different elements together. Using an agent architecture we show that it is possible to implement this integrated approach. The different types of cooperating agents support the individual workers by assessing the goal of the activity, the applicability of the standard procedure, and the availability of alternative knowledge and information in order to supply the necessary information.
AUTOMATIC EXTRACTION OF DATABASE SCHEME SEMANTIC PROPERTIES USING	KNOWLEDGE DISCOVERY TECHNIQUES
Authors: Bonifati A. , Palopoli L. , Saccà D. , Ursino D.
Published: November 2024

This paper deals with the derivation of complex properties relating objects belonging to a set of database schemes and the exploitation of derived properties in query optimization and view maintenance problems. The derivation process has an iterative nature and works by case analysis over database schemes, in a way somehow similar to the way knowledge discovery processes behave on database extensions: for this reason, we call it Intentional Knowledge Discovery. Complex properties have a fuzzy nature and are represented and manipulated using a fuzzy variant of Description Logics. The paper presents detailed descriptions of procedures used to derive complex properties. As far as applications are concerned, the paper illustrates several query optimization cases and a view maintenance algorithm both based on the availability of extracted complex properties.
TOWARDS AN INTEGRATION OF MESSAGE SEQUENCE CHARTS AND TIMED	MAUDE
Authors: Kosiuczensko P. , Wirsing M.
Published: November 2024

This paper is a step toward an integration of a graphical and a formal method and toward building a unifying specification formalism which can support different software views: functional, data, process, and time. In particular, we study the relation of Timed Maude to Message Sequence Charts (MSC). Maude is a formal object-oriented specification language which combines algebraic specification techniques for describing complex data structures with term rewriting to deal with dynamic behav-iour. MSC is a graphical trace language for describing and specifying the communication behaviour of distributed systems by means of message interchange. We show that MSC and Timed Maude fit well together: on one hand, we expand MSC-96 with primitives like multicast, synchronous communica-tion, and multicast, which are available in Maude (these new features will probably appear in MSC-2000). On the other hand, MSC can provide high-level composition mechanisms and a graphical notation for Maude. We expand Timed Simple Maude by two composition operators for sequential and parallel composition. The first one is formalized using a construction analogous to sequencing of automata. The second one is formalized using a syntactic substitution operator derived from a pushout construction. We prove some formal properties like associativity, commutativity and a decomposition property of the second operator.
TAXONOMY OF FRONT-END SUPPORT ACTIVITIES
Authors: Kajko-Mattsson Mira
Published: November 2024

High diversity and complexity of front-end support processes in combination with their poor process visibility renders measurement and improvement of development, evolution and maintenance processes less reliable. Today, we have very little knowledge and insight into the front-end support processes and their activities, despite the fact that they are the dominating cost within evolution and maintenance. The area of front-end support is under-researched. The standard process models barely touch on this subject. Most of the extant models advocate the improvement of mainly back-end processes. Very few of them however, propose the improvement of their supporting front-end processes – the processes that extensively mediate or eliminate the need for changes. In this paper, we have identified 15 classes of front-end support activities within 37 support organisations in Sweden. These classes constitute a basis for building future front-end support process models, and process improvement- and measurement models. They are also useful for optimal integration with other organisational processes, such as development, evolution and maintenance.
UML-BASED DEFINITION OF INTEGRATION MODELS FOR INCREMENTAL	DEVELOPMENT PROCESSES IN CHEMICAL ENGINEERING
Authors: Becker Simon M. , Westfechtel Bernhard
Published: November 2024

In development processes, multiple tools are used to describe different aspects of the developed product. The resulting information is stored in heterogeneous documents that are technically independent but whose contents are closely related on the semantic level. Thus, if one document is changed, these changes have to be propagated to dependent documents in order to restore mutual consistency. Therefore, there is a need for incremental integration tools, which assist developers in consistency maintenance. Driven by this need, we realized a framework for building incremental integration tools, which is currently being used in the chemical engineering domain. Integration tools are based on models of the related documents and their mutual relationships. These models are defined in the Unified Modelling Language (UML).
SUPPORTING RUN-TIME EVOLUTION IN SEESCOA
Authors: Vandewoude Yves , Berbers Yolande
Published: November 2024

In this paper, the SEESCOA component model and its run-time system are presented. In the SEESCOA-project, a component methodology was developed that explicitly models component interaction using the port and connector concepts. Since non-functional constraints are important for embedded systems, they are modelled separately in contracts. Using this component interaction model, SEESCOA allows for dynamic component reconfiguration. A detailed description is given on both the process of a component upgrade and the required changes to the run-time architecture. Furthermore, important concepts in the domain of live updates relevant to SEESCOA are given.
A FRAMEWORK FOR UNDERSTANDING THE VISION, GOALS, INSTRUMENTS AND	USES OF SOFTWARE SERVICES
Authors: Henkel Martin
Published: November 2024

Software services have been suggested for use in several areas such as business-to-business communication, system integration and as an enabler for virtual enterprises. However, it has not been clear if the use of services in these different areas is guided by a common vision, and if they share goals and technical background. By introducing a framework that relates the vision and goals of software services to different categories of service use, this work presents an overview of the instruments needed for the development of software services. The framework spans across four interrelated parts; the vision, goals, instruments and categories of service use. Firstly a single vision for software services is proposed. This vision is then divided into the three goals of modularity, integration and discovery. Furthermore, the high-level instruments needed to achieve each goal are presented. The use of services is classified into four categories depending on reach and extent i.e.: point wise-internal, point wise-external, infrastructure-internal and infrastructure-external use. The framework presented in this paper shows how these categories of service utilise the defined instruments. As an example of framework use, the instruments needed to create a process-centric service infrastructure for intra-enterprise use is proposed
DESIGN OF A COMMUNICATION FRAMEWORK FOR INTEROPERABLE INFORMATION	SYSTEMS
Authors: Hasselbring W.
Published: November 2024

Frameworks are class hierarchies plus models of interactions which can be turned into complete applications through various kinds of specialization. Design patterns often guide the construction and documentation of frameworks. The run-time architecture of a framework is characterized by an inversion of control: event handler objects of the application are invoked via the frameworks reactive dispatching mechanism. This paper reports the development process of a software architecture that has been designed for accomplishing the transfer of operation specifications among interoperable information systems within a larger project, such that · the communication framework does not need to know the structure and different types of operation specifications to be transferred and · the individual information systems do not need to know the communication platform (in our case CORBA). Some design patterns guided the construction of the resulting object-oriented framework to achieve a flexible software architecture. The emphasis of this paper is on the discussion of the development process by which the communication framework has been designed.
VRDL: A VISUAL SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS LANGUAGE
Authors: Ohnishi A.
Published: November 2024

The author proposes a visual software requirements definition method including describing a visual software requirements specification (SRS) with a visual requirements language.The method proposed here provides a describer for defining both the shape and semantics of icons to specify the requirements just what he imagines. The method also provides for describing icons movements as a scenario description. This scenario enables an execution of the SRS with animation. The describer can confirm his requirements by checking the animation. Furthermore, this paper describes a supporting method of visual software requirements definition by multiple developers via network system. A visual requirements language named VRDL and tools are illustrated with examples.
IMPLEMENTING DOMAIN PROCESS MODEL AS A NAVIGATOR FOR COOPERATIVE	WORK DOMAIN
Authors: Kumagai S. , Shinkai J. , Itoh K.
Published: November 2024

This paper presents a domain model for cooperative work, taking medical examination work as an example. Cooperative work is a complex process, which involves various kinds of persons or organizations. We analyzed the domain with reference to the TDM (Triadic Domain Model). TDM specifies a domain with domain problem model, domain product model, and domain process model. The domain problem model is identified by three kinds of elements collaborator, its work items, and shared data. We set the domain product model as a combination of two representations SFC (Sequential Function Chart) and ERD (Entity Relationship Diagram), which best describes the domain. The domain process model is a process for inducing those charts from the domain problem model. A navigator prototype is developed to implement the domain process model, which enables effective domain analysis and modeling practices and prompts reuse of the domain models to neighboring domains.
CONSEQUENCES OF DESIGN DECISIONS IN AXIOMATIC DESIGN
Authors: Lindholm D. , Tate D. , Harutunian V.
Published: November 2024

Design implies decision-making. One major advantage with axiomatic design is that decisions are formalized using a well-understood pattern. Functional Requirements (FRs) are first established. The design solutions, or Design Parameters (DPs), and finally Process Variables (PVs) are then determined. DPs and PVs may, in turn, have consequences and therefore have a need for supporting systems. For example, a combustion engine in a car needs, in terms of DPs, a cooling system, a starter, an ignition system, a muffler, and so forth. Consequences differ from constraints in that consequences can create constraints, FRs, and DPs where as constraints are used for limiting the solution space when selecting a DP or a PV. In the paper we discuss different classes of consequences, where they originate, and how they can be detected and dealt with in design work. If consequences are identified, then the decomposition process is easier and more manageable. We will, however, not discuss the decomposition process as such in this paper. Consequences of decisions made for design solutions as well as decisions made for manufacturing processes are discussed in this paper. These consequences are similar to each other and are therefore discussed in parallel. Also the consequences of the configuration of DPs into a system are discussed.
DIGITAL MOCK-UP AND RAPID PROTOTYPING IN AUTOMOTIVE PRODUCT	DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Döllner Gernot , Kellner Peter , Tegel Oliver
Published: November 2024

The automobile industry is facing challenges which result in demands to optimize their product development processes. For this purpose, methods and tools to verify development results which can be used early in the product development process are needed. In this paper, Digital Mock-Ups and Rapid Prototyping techniques are presented as means for the verification of the development results. Prerequisites, potential benefits and hurdles are discussed and examples from the implementation of these techniques in the automobile industry are presented. Finally, an optimized product development process based on the use of these techniques is defined which aims at the fulfillment of the overall goals of time and cost reduction, and quality improvement.
THE DEVELOPMENT AND USE OF A SOFTWARE TOOL FOR SELECTING	MANUFACTURING PROCESSES AT THE EARLY STAGES OF DESIGN
Authors: Esawi A. M. K. , Ashby M. F.
Published: November 2024

Choosing the right manufacturing process for making a component is an important consideration at the early stages of design. Frequently, the choice of process is based on previous experience or tradition, thereby missing the opportunity to use a new or more suitable process. Lost opportunities could be avoided if the designer had access to a quick efficient selection tool that would guide the selection. In this paper, a systematic procedure for selecting the optimum process to manufacture a component is described. It is based on comparing the attributes required by the design (required material, size, shape, etc.) with those that lie within the capacity of a large number of processes, seeking the subset which is capable of making the component. The subset is then ranked by economic criteria. To do this, a database containing data on 125 processes was created. The Cambridge Materials Selector (CMS) software is used as the user-interface. The capabilities and limitations of the Processes Database and the Selection Methodology are described and documented through two case studies. The software is used to suggest a process by which each of two diverse components might be shaped, and the suggestions are compared with the known way in which the component was, in practice, made.
ASSESSING RELIABILITY IN MECHANICAL SYSTEMS
Authors: Covino Marco M. , Rodgers Paul A. , Smith Jonathan S. , Clarkson John P.
Published: November 2024

As reliability is one of the key factors in product quality, which is closely linked to customer satisfaction, the ability of companies to design products which will be reliable is key to their future market success. The paper presents a new design for reliability (DFR) method which assesses the suitability of mechanical system design configurations during the early stages of the design process. The method presented in this paper is a development of the work of Stephenson (1995) in which he sought to assess the reliability of technical mechanisms in large scale heavy plant equipment. The method described in this paper is based on three internal properties of technical systems, namely simplicity, clarity and unity proposed by Aguirre (1990). This paper, however, extends Stephensons approach by focusing on the definition of a more rigorous method for assigning clarity levels in design configurations. This is done by assessing clarity levels at the interfaces between one component and another, building a hierarchy of functions within a configuration, and lastly matching the properties of clarity and simplicity with each function hierarchy. The DFR method is illustrated in the paper with a case study example.
AN INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT OF A DYNAMIC SOFTWARE-FAULT MONITORING	SYSTEM
Authors: Gates A. Q. , Teller P. J.
Published: November 2024

The problems being solved by todays software systems are becoming more complex and are requiring the integration of knowledge from multiple domains. As a result, traditional verification and validation techniques may not be sufficient to identify the existence of software faults. Augmenting these techniques with runtime software-fault monitoring can ensure that software behaves in accordance with constraints elicited from domain experts in varying areas or fields. Previous approaches to software-fault monitoring require the developer to specify pre- and post-conditions on modules, specify constraints on data types, and/or insert constraints at appropriate execution points. The approach described in this paper, Dynamic Monitoring with Integrity Constraints (DynaMICs), addresses issues that have hindered adoption of previous approaches by limiting human intervention to constraint definition and justification and minimizing performance degradation. Unlike other software-fault monitoring systems, DynaMICs captures domain-specific and implementation-independent knowledge through integrity constraints. This paper describes the techniques and knowledge that must be integrated in order to realize this system.
A Pragmatic Approach for Supporting Integrated Product	Development
Authors: Lindemann U. , Stetter Ralf , Viertlböck Markus
Published: November 2024

Integrated product development is a well-known methodology with the goal to optimize development processes in a holistic manner. Many industrial companies have tried to adopt this or similar methodologies, e.g., concurrent engineering. However, the introduction of these methodologies has not been successful. The circumstances in industrial companies, such as time pressure, immense quality requirements or existing methods aggravate the introduction of new methods and tools. Furthermore, it is often overlooked that every project in the development department is different because the processes are determined by the content, i.e., the product to be developed, which obviously gives rise to new and critical aspects in every project. In this paper a concise and pragmatic approach to support integrated product development is presented. On the one hand, this approach is based on the conscious use of methods like QFD (quality function deployment), FMEA (failure mode and effects analysis), project management, and early determination of product properties. On the other hand, a central element of the approach are simple database systems that enable designers to maintain an overview of projects - for example the administrative aspects, e.g., the time-line or the project contents, i.e., the aspects of a product that are still undeveloped or uncertain. The approach is being developed in cooperation with a mid-size company in the automotive supplier industry. The development of the database system and the selection and adaptation of methods is based on a detailed process analysis, which goal is to identify weak points by means of a systematic procedure. This procedure is characterized by a stepwise process analysis. Together with the designers in the development department, the use of already introduced methods is currently improved. At the same time some new methods and tools are being introduced in order to support the important aspects of the development process.
THREE-COMPONENT, STRAIN GAGE BASED MILLING DYNAMOMETER DESIGN AND	MANUFACTURING
Authors: Saglam Haci , Unuvar Ali
Published: November 2024

In engineering applications, force measurements, particularly in machine tools, has been done widely. In this study, a dynamometer design and manufacturing, Strain Gage based, tree-component, computer linked, were carried out to measure cutting forces in milling. This dynamometer can be used in static force measurements and also in dynamic force measurements in planning and grinding machines. Strain gages bonded on the octagonal rings have been used for sensing of the force signals. The analogue force signals obtained from three-channels have been amplified and converted into digital signals via a data acquisition card and recorded in a computer. To test the dynamometer, face-milling operation has been made. It has been observed that, the cutting forces recorded synchronously from the tests have corresponded to the calculated values.
ON ARCHITECTURAL SUPPORT FOR BEHAVIOUR REFINEMENT IN DISTRIBUTED	SYSTEMS DESIGN
Authors: Quartel Dick , Pires Luís Ferreira , van Sinderen Marten
Published: November 2024

During the top-down design of distributed systems, abstract designs have to be replaced by more concrete designs, which add details that define how these systems can be implemented using available building blocks. Behaviour refinement is a design operation in which abstract behaviours are replaced by more concrete behaviours. Methods that guide and enforce the correctness of these replacements are necessary. This paper presents a set of methods to perform behaviour refinement, based on a careful consideration of the architectural concepts of action and causality relation. Correctness is enforced by validation of the conformance relation between an abstract and a concrete behaviour. Rules are provided to determine whether a concrete behaviour conforms to an abstract behaviour.
A COMPONENT-BASED SYSTEMS DEVELOPMENT APPROACH
Authors: Guo Jiang
Published: November 2024

From the middle of the 80's, the effective software reuse has become increasingly more important as the cost and complexity of software development escalated. The key to integration is determining the relationship between what components are potentially reusable and how they can be properly adapted. It is not always the case that existing components completely satisfying the problem that we need to solve. This paper addresses how the results of specification matching can be used to guide the selection and application of adaptation tactics and automate component adaptation and system integration based on type, interface, and behaviour adaptation.
TOWARDS AN INTEGRATION OF DIFFERENT SPECIFICATION METHODS BY USING	THE VIEWPOINT FRAMEWORK
Authors: Enders Bettina E. , Heverhagen Torsten , Goedicke Michael , Tröpfner Peter , Tracht Rudolf
Published: November 2024

In industrial interdisciplinary projects where engineers of different sorts have to work together, a framework is necessary in order to support such an interdisciplinary development process. For example, the design information created by the production automation engineer has to be set into relation to the software architecture the software designer has to produce which will control the automation plant. Such requirements result in the need to consistently integrate various specification methods and development processes performed during the various development stages.

This contribution shows that such an integration of heterogeneous specification methods concerning the various heterogeneous components of production automation systems can be achieved using the ViewPoint framework. This framework provides an intuitive understanding of different specifications involved in the development process, on the one side. On the other side the ViewPoint framework allows for a consistent and correct integration of these specifications due to its existing formalization by distributed graph transformation.
CONSIDERATION AND MODELING OF USE PROCESSES IN COMPUTER-AIDED	CONCEPTUAL DESIGN: A STATE OF THE ART REVIEW
Authors: van der Vegte Wilhelm F. (Wilfred) , Horváth Imre
Published: November 2024

If conceptual modeling and simulation of consumer durables could include consideration of use processes, designers could more successfully anticipate the interaction of products with users in a use environment. This is the basic idea behind our research into computer-aided modeling and forecasting product-use processes. This survey investigates the current state of the art, that forms the basis for companies or researchers developing systems in this area. It includes overviews of (a) definitions (b) relevant achievements in this field, and (c) research in related areas, such as ergonomics, human-computer interaction and machine design. In recent years, there has been no significant development of novel, dedicated use-process models. Current models represent discrete actions, observed from use of existing products or prescribed by the designer. Simulation techniques are applied to deal with continuous changes, predicting the behavior of the product and its environment, but typically not the user. Yet, promising techniques for simulating humans are emerging, for instance in computer-graphics animation. New integrated techniques for simulation open the way to quantitative and more accurate predictions of the use process, but they cannot handle the multiplicity of possible use processes resulting from different users in different environments. In this respect, the development of use-process models with increased knowledge content and facilities for integration with simulations can give a solution.
DESIGNING INTERDISCIPLINARY APPROACHES TO PROBLEM SOLVING INTO	COMPUTER LANGUAGES
Authors: Cooke Daniel E. , Kreinovich Vladik , Urban Joseph E.
Published: November 2024

Many interdisciplinary design efforts require the involvement of computer scientists because of the complexity of the problem solving tools available for the projects. This paper demonstrates how appropriate language design can place high level languages in the hands of scientists and engineers, thus providing a more automated approach to problem solving that may reduce the amount of computer scientist involvement. The language SequenceL serves as an example of this approach.
TRANSDISCIPLINARY PROJECT MANAGEMENT THROUGH PROCESS	MODELING
Authors: Mou Gary G. , Tanik Murat M.
Published: November 2024

Project management plays an important role in large-scale multidisciplinary software development. Yet, without a solid process project management is simply a means of tracking down software development activities - it by itself cannot exert much impact to the software quality and productivity. It is through a process centered software development environment that project management can be used effectively. This paper describes such an environment where project management and process modeling are integrated into a cohesive entity in which software engineering activities can be studied in a multidisciplinary setting, manipulated and monitored in terms of the established processes.
PETRI NET BASED COMPONENTS FOR EVOLVABLE ARCHITECTURES
Authors: Padberg Julia , Weber Herbert , Sünbül Asuman
Published: November 2024

Evolvable architectures are an important design principle in order to cope with the continuously changing requirements for information systems. These changes are induced by changes of the market, changes of the society, and changes of the technology. We propose a design strategy for evolvable architectures, called EVA¹. This approach is component-based and process-centered. We suggest also to consider business process as composed of components. The main focus of this paper are components of business processes in terms of net components and their composition in this approach. We use net components that are based on Petri nets. The nets are restricted FUNSOFT nets. These nets, called FEVA net are used to model business processes as well as their consistent composition.
THE CHALLENGES OF CASE DESIGN INTEGRATION IN THE TELECOMMUNICATION	APPLICATION DOMAIN
Authors: Capretz Luiz Fernando
Published: November 2024

The magnitude of the problems facing the telecommunication software industry is presently at a point at which software engineers should become deeply involved. This paper presents a research project on advanced telecommunication technology carried out in Europe, called BOOST (Broadband Object-Oriented Service Technology). The project involved cooperative work among telecommunication companies, research centres and universities from several countries. The challenges to integrate CASE tools to support software development within the telecommunication application domain are discussed. A software process model that encourages component reusability, named the X model, is described as part of a software life cycle model for the telecommunication software industry.