bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Contingency Management (CM) for Substance Use Disorder (SUD)
Authors: Pfund Rory A , Ginley Meredith K. , Boness Cassandra L. , Zajac Kristyn , Rash Carla , Witkiewitz Katie
Published: December 2021

This document includes a formal evaluation of contingency management for substance use disorder per the Tolin et al., (2015) criteria.
Mini Project PPM 2
Authors: yulandari opi
Published: December 2021

Mini project adalah kegiatan yang di lakukan untuk membantu upaya kesehatan di Puskesmas
Investigating influences on the Pb pseudo-isochron using three-dimensional mantle convection models with a continental reservoir
Authors: Panton James , Davies J. , Elliott Tim , Andersen Morten , Porcelli Donald , Price Matthew
Published: December 2021

For mid-ocean ridge basalts (MORBs) and ocean island basalts (OIBs), measurements of Pb isotope ratios show broad linear correlations with a certain degree of scatter. In 207Pb/204Pb - 206Pb/204Pb space, the best fit line defines a pseudo-isochron age (τPb) of ~1.9 Gyr.Previous modelling suggests a relative change in the behaviours of U and Pb between 2.25-2.5 Ga, resulting in net recycling of HIMU (high U/Pb) material in the latter part of Earth's history, to explain the observed τPb. However, simulations in which fractionation is controlled by a single set of partition coefficients throughout the model runs fail to reproduce τPb and the observed scatter in Pb isotope ratios. We build on these models with 3D mantle convection simulations including parameterisations for melting, U recycling from the continents and preferential removal of Pb from subducted oceanic crust.We find that both U recycling after the great oxygenation event (GOE) and Pb extraction after the onset of plate tectonics, are required in order to fit the observed gradient and scatter of both the 207Pb/204Pb - 206Pb/204Pb and 208Pb/204Pb - 206Pb/204Pb arrays. Unlike much previous work, our model does not require accumulations of subducted oceanic crust to persist at the CMB for long periods of time in order to match geochemical observations.
Shame
Authors: Landers Mitchell , Sznycer Daniel , Al-Shawaf Laith
Published: December 2021

Reliance on mutual aid is a distinctive characteristic of human biology. Consequently, a central adaptive problem for our ancestors was the potential or actual spread of reputationally damaging information about the self – information that would decrease the inclination of other group members to render assistance. The emotion of shame appears to be the solution engineered by natural selection to defend against this threat. The existing evidence suggests that shame is a neurocomputational program that orchestrates various elements of the cognitive architecture in the service of (i) deterring the individual from making choices wherein the personal benefits are exceeded by the prospective costs of being devalued by others, (ii) preventing negative information about the self from reaching others, and (iii) minimizing the adverse effects of social devaluation when it occurs. The flow of costs (e.g., punishment) and benefits (e.g., income, aid during times of hardship) in human societies is regulated to an important extent by this interlinked psychology of social evaluation and shame (as well as other social emotions). For example, the intensity of shame that laypeople express at the prospect of committing each of various offenses closely matches the intensity of the actual offense-specific punishments called for by criminal laws, including modern laws and ancient laws that are millennia old. Because shame, like pain, causes personal suffering and sometimes leads to hostile behavior, shame has been termed a “maladaptive” and “ugly” emotion. However, an evolutionary psychological analysis suggests that the shame system is elegantly designed to deter injurious choices and make the best of a bad situation.
What can we learn about integration of novel words into semantic memory from automatic semantic priming?
Authors: Korochkina Maria , Nickels Lyndsey , Bürki Audrey
Published: December 2021

According to the Complementary Learning Systems model of word learning, newly learned words that have been integrated into semantic memory can interact with familiar words during lexical selection. The study reported here is the first to examine behavioural and electrophysiological markers of integration in a version of the semantic priming paradigm that is assumed to rely primarily on automatic semantic processing. Seventy-one young healthy adults learned novel names for two sets of novel concepts, one set on each of two consecutive days. On Day 2, learning was followed by a primed lexical decision task (word-nonword discrimination), in which the trained novel names were targets and (semantically related and unrelated) familiar words were primes. Importantly, participants judged both primes and targets for lexicality (continuous lexical decision), and their electrical brain activity, response accuracy, and response times were recorded. In a pre-registered analysis, we examined whether there was evidence for semantic priming effects in the behavioural (response times) and electrophysiological (event-related potentials) data, and we also studied how the ERPs for the trained novel names differed from those for existing familiar words and from those for previously unseen nonwords. We found evidence for a small behavioural priming effect for novel names after a 24-hour consolidation period. In the electrophysiological data, no priming effects were observed in the pre-defined spatiotemporal windows (N400 and LPC), however, differences between the two sets of novel names were found at other locations and latencies. Additionally, in the N400 window, novel names trained immediately before testing (0-hour consolidation) differed from both familiar and untrained novel words. We suggest that, 24 hours after exposure, although the integration process is under way, it is episodic, and not semantic, memory that must be relied upon to distinguish the novel names learned 24 hours ago from those learned more recently and from those novel names that haven’t been seen before.
Duties of Corrective Justice and Historical Emissions
Authors: Bowman Paul
Published: December 2021

This paper addresses the question of whether agents have incurred duties of corrective justice to bear the costs of climate change in virtue of having produced historical emissions, or emissions produced when it was still reasonable to be ignorant of the causes and harmful consequences of climate change. It argues that it is likely that agents have incurred duties of corrective justice in virtue of having produced some of their historical emissions, given that it is likely that they would have produced these emissions had they known, when they produced them, that the emissions would contribute to harmful climate change.
Awareness Growth and Belief Revision
Authors: Roussos Joe
Published: December 2021

The problem of awareness growth, also known as the problem of new hypotheses, is a persistent challenge to Bayesian theories of rational belief and decision making. Cases of awareness growth include coming to consider a completely new possibility (called expansion), or coming to consider finer distinctions through the introduction of a new partition (called refinement). Recent work has centred on Reverse Bayesianism, a proposal for rational awareness growth due to Karni and Vierø. This essay develops a "Reserve Bayesian" position and defends it against two challenges. The first, due to Anna Mahtani, says that Reverse Bayesian approaches yield the wrong result in cases where the growth of awareness constitutes an expansion relative to one partition, but a refinement relative to a different partition. The second, due to Steele and Stefánsson, says that Reverse Bayesian approaches cannot deal with new propositions that are evidentially relevant to old propositions. I argue that these challenges confuse questions of belief revision with questions of awareness change. Mahtani’s cases reveal that the change of awareness itself requires a model which specifies how propositions in the agent’s old algebra are identified with propositions in the new algebra. I introduce a lattice-theoretic model for this purpose, which resolves Mahtani’s problem cases and some of Steele and Stefánsson’s cases. Applying my model of awareness change, then Reverse Bayesianism, and then a generalised belief revision procedure, resolves Steele and Stefánsson’s remaining cases. In demonstrating this, I introduce a simple and general model of belief revision in the face of new information about previously unknown propositions.
Liability for Emissions without Laws or Political Institutions
Authors: Duus-Otterström Göran
Published: December 2021

Some theorists have recently argued that liability for greenhouse gas emissions presupposes positive law regulating emissions at the time of emitting. According to one account, this is because rights and duties in relation to environmental pollution do not exist before positive law. According to another account, it is because over-emitting actors could not reasonably have known that they were over-emitting until an institution emerged that regulated emissions. The paper claims that these accounts are mistaken. Drawing on the idea that actors had a duty to promote the emergence of just legal regulation, it argues that an actor is typically liable for pre-legal emissions if emitting less would have made just legal regulation more likely, the actor was aware or should have been aware of this, and emitting less would not have been unreasonably burdensome.
What Is the Right Way to Make a Wrong a Right?
Authors: Roberts Melinda A.
Published: December 2021

It seems clear that the most challenging versions of the nonidentity problem involve, at least implicitly, claims about probability. Once we realize that, we are tempted to appeal to the concept of expected utility for purposes of understanding the problem and analyzing the underlying cases. But there are reasons to think that that approach is ultimately unsatisfactory. Thus the question remains open just how probabilities are to be brought to bear in connection with nonidentity. This paper explores some of our options and some of the challenges those options will face.
Measuring Perceptions and Preferences for Meritocracy
Authors: Castillo Juan Carlos , Iturra Julio , Meneses Francisco Javier , Maldonado Luis , Atria Jorge
Published: December 2021

Economic and social inequalities have generated growing concerns and crises across contemporary societies. One of the mechanisms proposed by social sciences to explain the persistence of inequality is the belief in meritocracy, which would legitimize economic disparities based on differences in effort and talent. Despite its wide use as a concept, empirical research on meritocracy is relatively novel and characterized by diverse conceptualizations and measures that make the findings and their interpretation rather inconsistent. Most of the studies in the area have relied upon secondary data to operationalize meritocracy, with a wide variation in the use and interpretation of the same survey items. Taking into account the extant literature that uses measures of meritocracy, this article identifies a series of drawbacks and inconsistencies within and between studies regarding the conceptualization and operationalization of meritocracy beliefs. Based on this critical analysis, we propose a conceptual framework for measuring perceptions and preferences for meritocracy and non-meritocracy, which is then tested through confirmatory analysis using ISSP (International Social Survey Programme) data as well as a novel scale designed with this purpose (N=2,141). Our results support the conceptual framework and its operationalizarion, although with a better fit for the proposed scale than for the ISSP survey. Our discussion highlights the importance of considering different dimensions in order to advance in the study of meritocracy.
Transportation barriers to care among frequent health care users during the COVID pandemic
Authors: Cochran Abigail L. , McDonald Noreen , Prunkl Lauren , Vinella-Brusher Emma , Wang Jueyu , Oluyede Lindsay , Wolfe Mary
Published: December 2021

Objective: To investigate transportation barriers to accessing health care services during the COVID-19 pandemic among high-frequency health care users.Data Sources: Between June 21 and July 23, 2021, primary survey data were collected for a sample of patients in North Carolina.Study Design: The study analyzed the prevalence of arriving late to, delaying, or missing medical care and examined how transportation barriers contributed to negative health care outcomes. Data Collection Methods: A web-based survey was administered to North Carolina residents aged 18 and older in the UNC Health system who were enrolled in Medicaid or Medicare and had at least six outpatient medical appointments in the past year. 323 complete responses were analyzed to investigate the prevalence of reporting transportation barriers that resulted in having arrived late to, delayed, or missed care, as well as relationships between demographic and other independent variables and transportation barriers. Qualitative analyses were performed on text response data to explain transportation barriers.Principal Findings: Approximately 1 in 3 respondents experienced transportation barriers to health care between June 2020 and June 2021. Multivariate logistic regressions indicate individuals aged 18–64 were significantly more likely to encounter transportation barriers. Costs of traveling for medical appointments and a lack of driver or car availability emerged as major transportation barriers; however, respondents explained that barriers were often complex, involving circumstantial problems related to one’s ability to access and pay for transportation as well as to personal health.Conclusions: To address transportation barriers, we recommend more coordination between transportation and health professionals and the implementation of programs that expand access to and improve patient awareness of health care mobility services. We also recommend transportation and health entities direct resources to address transportation barriers equitably, as barriers disproportionately burden younger adults under age 65 enrolled in public insurance programs.
Unequal inequalities? How participatory inequalities affect democratic legitimacy
Authors: Christensen Henrik Serup , Huttunen Janette , Malmberg Fredrik Göran , Silagadze Nanuli
Published: December 2021

Democratic theorists have long emphasized the importance of participatory equality, i.e. that all citizens should have an equal right to participate. It is still unclear, however, whether ordinary citizens view this principle as central to democracy and how different violations of this principle affect subjective democratic legitimacy. The attitudes of citizens are imperative when it comes to the subjective legitimacy of democratic systems, and it is therefore important to examine how participatory inequalities affect these attitudes. We here contribute to this research agenda with survey experiments embedded in two surveys (n=324, n=840). We here examine 1) whether citizens consider participatory inequality to be an important democratic principle, and 2) how gender and educational inequalities affect subjective legitimacy and the perceived usefulness of the participatory input. The results show that citizens generally consider participatory inequalities to be important, but only gender inequalities affect subjective legitimacy and usefulness. Hence it is important to consider the type of inequality to understand the implications.
‘International Paretianism’ and the Question of ‘Feasible’ Climate Solutions
Authors: Steele Katie
Published: December 2021

Proponents of International Paretianism (IP)—the principle that international agreements should not make any state worse-off and should make some at least better off—argue that it is the only feasible approach to reducing the harms of climate change (see, especially, Posner and Weisbach 2010). They draw on some key assumptions regarding the meaning of ‘feasibility’ and the nature of the Pareto improvements associated with coordinated action on climate change. This chapter challenges these assumptions, in effect weakening the case for IP and allowing for broader thinking about what counts as a ‘feasible’ climate solution.
Population-Adjusted Egalitarianism
Authors: Zuber Stéphane
Published: December 2021

Egalitarianism focuses on the well-being of the worst-off person. It has attracted a lot of attention in economic theory, for instance when dealing with the sustainable intertemporal allocation of resources. Economic theory has formalized egalitarianism through the Maximin and Leximin criteria, but it is not clear how they should be applied when population size may vary. In this paper, I present possible justifications of egalitarianism when considering populations with variable sizes. I then propose new versions of egalitarianism that encompass many views on how to trade-off population size and well-being. I discuss some implications of egalitarianism for optimal population size. I first describe how population ethical views affects population growth. In a model with natural resources, I then show that utilitarianism always recommend a larger population for low levels of resources, but that this conclusion may not hold true for larger levels.
Sejarah Kopi Kapal Api
Authors: Azra Iqony Maria
Published: December 2021

Kopi Kapal Api telah ada sejak zaman penjajahan Belanda datang ke Indonesia. Sebelumnya, perusahaan kopi Kapal Api didirikan, pada tahun 1927, tiga orang bersaudara yaitu Go Soe Loet, Go Bi Tjong dan Go Soe Bin mendirikan pabrik penggorengan kopi di kawasan Pabean, Surabaya dan menghasilkan produk unggulan yang diberi nama Kopi Bubuk Hap Hoo Tjan. Kemudian, produk kopi tersebut dijual berkeliling kampong dan di sekitar Pelabuhan Tanjung Perak dengan sepeda onthel. Ketiga anak dari Go Soe Lot, yakni; Soedomo (pimpinan PT. Santos Jaya Abadi), Indra, dan Soetikmo turut membantu memasarkan produk kopi tersebut.Kebanyakan dari pelanggan Kopi Bubuk Hap Hoo Tjan, merupakan para pelaut dan orang-orang berlalu lalang di sekitar pelabuhan. Karena hal inilah yang menginspirasi Soedomo untuk membuat perusahaan kecil yang memproduksi kopi dengan lambang kapal api yang mencerminkan sebuah harapan baru, semangat juang, dan kemajuan teknologi.Pada saat itu, kapal api merupakan bukti dari kemajuan teknologi dengan segala kecanggihan yang dimilikinya sehingga dianggap mewah. Kapal api sendiri merupakan alat transportasi yang dimaknai sebagai pemberi harapan baru dalam dunia perdagangan.Seiring berjalannya waktu, semakin terjaganya kualitas dan kuantitas dari produk Kopi Bubuk Hap Hoo Tjan tersebut, membuat perusahaan produksi ini semakin berkembang pesat. Hingga pada akhirnya, Goe Soe Lot dan kedua saudaranya membagi masing-masing pekerjaannya (kongsi). Goe Soe Lot mendapat bagian di pabrik penggorengan kopi dan melanjutkan produksi kopi tersebut. sambil dibantu oleh ketiga anaknya.Lambat laun, perusahaan Kopi Bubuk Hap Hoo Tjan penjualannya mengalami penurunan omset dan pada akhirnya gulung tikar pada tahun 1980-an. Akan tetapi berbeda halnya dengan perusahaan kopi kecil yang dibuat oleh Soedomo dan kedua saudaranya justru mengalami peningkatan. Sebuah keberuntungan meski perusahaan awal telah gulung tikar.Berbekal pengalaman yang Sodeomo dapatkan selama membantu ayahnya berjualan kopi, sayap-sayap perusahaan Kopi Kapal Api mulai berkemang pesat mengimbangi persaingan di dunia perdagangan. Sehingga perusahaan melakukan inovasi, yang mana kopi bisa dinikmati dimana saja dan kapan saja dengan tetap menjaga kualitas kopi Kapal Api.Dengan racikan kopi yang turun temurun inilah yang menjadikan cita rasa Kopi Kapal Api tetap menjaga kualitasnya hingga saat ini dan mendapatkan tempat di hati masyarakat Indonesia. Bahkan di tahun 1985, Kopi Kapal Api melakukan ekspansi ke berbagai negara dan memasuki pasar mancanegara. Diawali meninvansi produk di Arab Saudi, kemudian mulai masuk di pasar Hongkong tahun 1987, berlanjut ke Malaysia dan Taiwan.Selain kopi yang tersedia dari berbagai macam kemasan, PT. Santos Jaya Abadi juga memproduksi permen Espresso Candy dan permen Relaxa, yang hingga kini menjadi produk andalan.Hingga sampai saat ini, Kopi Kapal Api tetap konsisten menjaga kualitas produknya sehingga tetap banyak diminati dan tentunya dengan harga yang sangat bersahabat.Kalau kamu bagaimana?
Analysis of Errors Committed by Students in Writing English Essays
Authors: Sharma Lok Raj
Published: December 2021

Error analysis in linguistics is a systematic process of collecting, identifying, describing, explaining and evaluating unaccepted linguistic forms committed by learners in their writings or speeches. This article attempts to assess the errors committed by 128 bachelor first year education students studying English as a foreign language at Makawanpur Multiple Campus, Hetauda, Nepal in the year 2021. Every student was assigned to write an essay on ‘The Impact of Corona Pandemic on Students’ in about 500 words as the written language sample in a free mode. 128 essays were selected as a sample through the simple random sampling method lottery from 190 essays. All the errors in their essays were identified, described, classified, explained and analyzed. The results revealed that most of the students committed errors in omission at the sentence level, and the causes of the errors were due to intralingual transfer, whereas the highest frequency of errors at the word level was preposition resulted due to mother tongue transfer and overgeneralization.
INVESTIGATION OF THE PROCESS OF PROCESSING LIQUID WASTE OF UREA PRODUCTION USING A BIOFILTER
Authors: Bielianska О. , Antareva Y.
Published: December 2021

The kinetic regularities of the recycling process of liquid waste of urea on the combined filter which contains the immobilized layer of enzymes at the process of their purification from the suspended substances, dissolved nitrate anions; the effect of pH on the filtration process are investigated and established in our research. A stable positive result was obtained on the filters with layers of:

– oak and birch, the concentration of nitrate anions decreased from 12 to 0,06 — 0,05 mg/dm3 after 80 minutes of filtration. The content of suspended solids decreased from 37 g/dm3 to 6 — 7 g/dm3. At the same time, the increased content of tannins and the natural structure of oak and birch leaves contributes to the resistance of the leaf layer to fermentation processes, helps to use such kind of filter repeatedly.

– linden and maple leaves, the concentration of nitrate anions decreased from 12 mg/dm3  to 0,08 mg/dm3 after 80 minutes of filtration. The content of suspended solids decreased from 37 g/dm3 to 15 g/dm3 after the third use of the filter, due to increased activity of microorganisms. At the same time, the natural structure of linden and maple leaves is thin, has a biofilm that is easily destroyed and accelerates the process of natural aerobic fermentation.

The scientific substantiation of the direction of improvement of technology of processing of liquid waste with the increased content of nitrogen is executed. A bio filtration unit on a combined filter with a layer of oak and birch leaves with the use of an immobilized layer of enzymes is proposed. The combined filter consists of a layer of gravel, sand and dry oak and/or birch leaves. The enzyme Chymotrypsin at a concentration of 0,005 g/dm3 is fed into the formed bio filter from above. After 30 minutes, liquid waste with a temperature of 10 25 °С is gradually fed into the filter over 60 — 80 minutes. The initial concentration of suspended particles in liquid waste should not exceed a concentration of 37 — 40 g/dm3. It is determined that the optimal rate of processing of liquid waste of urea production is achieved in solutions with active reaction of hydrogen ions in the range of 6,5—7,3.
CALCULATION OF THE TEMPERATURES OF THE CHEMICAL REACTIONS OF THE IRON STEPPED RECOVERY FROM HEMATITE WITH CO GAS AND GASIFICATION OF SOLID CARBON ACCORDING EXISTING FORMULAS AND BY STANDARD VALUES OF ENTHALPY AND ENTROPY OF SUBSTANCES
Authors: Panteikov S.
Published: December 2021

The article presents the results of a thermodynamic assessment of the possibility of chemical reactions of the stepped recovery of iron from hematite with a recovering gas CO, as well as the Bell-Boudoir chemical reaction. It has been established that for each of the indicated chemical reactions there is a certain temperature (called by the author as "boundary temperature"), up to or above which CO gas cannot be a recovering agent for lower iron oxide from higher or the metallic iron itself from wustite, as well as gasification of solid carbon; while the recovery of Fe3O4 from Fe2O3 is theoretically possible at any temperatures above 0 ° C, the recovery of FeO from Fe3O4 and the gasification of solid carbon are theoretically possible above certain temperatures (i.e. at elevated and high temperatures), and the recovery of iron from FeO is below a certain temperature (i.e. at low temperatures).

The numerical values of the boundary temperatures for the reactions of iron recovery and its lower oxides, as well as the reaction of gasification of solid carbon are given; graphical dependences of the Gibbs free energy of the indicated chemical reactions on temperature are made according to the equations available in metallurgical literary sources, and according to the expressions derived in the article by the author.
Formulation and in-vitro Evaluation of Carvedilol Gastroretentive Capsule as (Superporous Hydrogel)
Authors: Jihad Haider Mohammed , J. Al- Akkam Entidhar
Published: December 2021

The preferred route of drug administration is the oral route, but drugs with narrow absorption window in the gastrointestinal tract are still challenging. The ability to extend and monitor the gastric emptying time is a valuable tool for processes remaining in the stomach longer than other traditional dosage forms.

The purpose of this study was to formulate and evaluate gastroretentive superporous hydrogel (SPH) of carvedilol with view to improve its solubility and increase gastric residence time in order to get sustained release formulas via utilization of various kinds and concentrations of hydrophilic polymers then after, incorporate the best prepared formula into capsules.

 Sixteenth formulae of SPH hybrid were prepared by gas blowing technique from the following materials; monomers (Poly vinyl alcohol, and Acrylamide), cross-linkers (Methylene bisacrylamide, and glutaraldehyde), hybrid agent (Chitosan), foaming agent (NaHCO3) and foam stabilizer (Tween 80). Different amounts or concentrations of these materials were utilized to investigate their effect on SPH properties (density, porosity, floating, drug content, drug release, swelling time, and swelling ratio). The soaking procedure was utilized for loading of carvedilol into SPH hybrid (6.25mg/2.5g SPH).

 After analysis the results statistically and application the similarity factor (f2) equation, formula F8 was selected as the best formula and incorporated into capsules.

 The drug release data were applied to different mathematical kinetics and the results were shown to be fitted to Higuchi model and the release mechanism was (non fickian) diffusion.

The overall results suggested that the proposed SPH hybrid drug delivery system is encouraging for carvedilol specific delivery to the stomach.
Cressa cretica Pharmacognosy, and Pharmacology (A review )
Authors: Jaafar Noor Sabah , Jaafar Iman S , Noori Zainab S
Published: December 2021

Cressa cretica (Shuwwayl) is a halophytic that belongs to Convolvulaceae, naturally grown in the Middle East including Iraq. Traditionally the plant is used as a paste for sore treatment, also it is used for fever, jaundice, and other illness. Regarding nonclinical use it is used as goat, sheep, and camel feed also as an oil source. Flavonoids including quercetin, kamepferol, apigenin, and their glycosides, phenolic acid as chlorogenic acid, and phytosterols mainly ?–sitosterol were the most important phytochemicals that were detected in this halophyte. Crude ethanolic, methanolic extracts and ethyl acetate fraction of the areal parts were used in clinical studies and demonstrated various effects as hepatoprotective, cytotoxic, and genotoxic effect. In molecular docking studies, 3,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid showed antiviral effect vs SARS-CoV-2 (sever acute respiratory syndrome corona virus-2). The purpose of this review was to clarify and discuss all aspects regarding Cressa cretica.
Preparation and In vitro Characterization of Aceclofenac Nanosuspension (ACNS) for Enhancement of Percutaneous Absorption using Hydrogel Dosage Form
Authors: Thamer Aseel Kadhem , Abood Ahmed Najem
Published: December 2021

Aceclofenac (AC) is an orally active phenyl acetic acid derivative, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug with exceptional anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic properties. It has low aqueous solubility, leading to slow dissolution, low permeability and inadequate bioavailability. The aim of the current study was to prepare and characterize AC-NS-based gel to enhance the dissolution rate and then percutaneous permeability. NS.s were prepared using solvent/antisovent precipitation method at different drug to polymer ratios (1:1, 1:2, and 1:3) using different polymers such as poly vinyl pyrrolidone (PVP-K25), hydroxy propyl methyl cellulose (HPMC-E5) and poloxamer® (388) as stabilizers alone and in combinations of two polymers (1:2 and 1:4 Drug: polymer ratio). Fifteen formulas of AC-NS.s were prepared and characterized for production yield, loading efficiency, particle size, polydispersity index and physical stability. The best formulas of NS were then lyophilized to be characterized by FTIR, DSC, P-XRD and SEM. After that, the best prepared formula of AC-NS regarding the involved characterization methods was incorporated in gel dosage forms using carbopol®940. From this study, we conclude that the dissolution rate and permeability of AC were improved when the particle size was reduced to Nano-scale as compared with pure drug.
A Study of Black Female Principals Leading through Twin Pandemics
Authors: Weiner Jennie , Cyr Daron , Burton Laura J.
Published: December 2021

In 2020, the United States experienced twin pandemics disproportionately impacting BIPOC communities and their schools and school systems—one new, COVID-19, and one longstanding, that of white supremacy and anti-Black racism. This phenomenological study of 20 Black female principals in two states provides insights into how these leaders, who so often center racial justice and caring for BIPOC children and communities in their leadership practice, grappled with these pandemics and how doing so impacted their leadership and work. Findings suggest that leading through these twin pandemics further cemented these women’s commitments to engage in advocacy and justice work on behalf of their communities and students. They also reported, regarding racial inequity and white supremacy, feeling both a cautious optimism stemming from seeing the work they had long engaged in being taken up at scale, and by white colleagues in particular, and frustration, experiencing this engagement often as “performative” and thus unlikely to lead to real change. And yet they also spoke of their deep commitment to advocacy and social justice moving forward and their role in ensuring that all their students receive the education, opportunities, and outcomes they deserve.
Liberal Prepping as Apocalyptic Eco-Religion
Authors: Gittinger Juli
Published: December 2021

The term “prepper” or “survivalist” has long been associated with more conservative or politically right-leaning communities who have operated at the fringe of society for decades. Since the new millennium, this hobby of preparedness has increased and, most recently, shown a rise among liberal or left-leaning communities. This essay addresses the rise in liberal prepper culture not only as a political response to right-wing politics, but as a fear heightened by the realities of climate change and its impact on humanity, thus creating an eco-religion centred on ethical and moral responsibilities, with an overall apocalyptic hue.
Applied cultural studies and culture management: research methodology
Authors: Maksymovska N.
Published: December 2021

The purpose of the article is to study the interconnection of applied cultural studies and culture management, develop methodological basis for analysis of efficiency of their integration, define viability of realizing cultural practices in the context of applied cultural studies branch.
The methodology. By analyzing and synthesizing the scientific knowledge, a flexible methodological system is created, which enables analyzing the present and predicting the future, and create, not only in theory, but in practice, the culture­creation technologies, thus setting the vector for culture development. The leading methods of research are analysis of scientific facts, juxtaposition of theoretical positions, generalization and synthesis of methodological basis for defining leading scientific approaches to researching applied cultural studies and culture management.
The results. Utilization of developed methodology enables examination of applied cultural studies as a mechanism of culture creativity, and culture management as a tool of scientifically justified regulation of this process. Thanks to applied cultural studies, management gains deep meanings, and not only rational management and realization of its own functions, and applied cultural studies is manifested in practice and transforms into a technological plane the meanings and concepts of contemporary culture model.
The topicality. It was defined that gnoseological, worldview, logic­gnoseological, scientific content­related, technological and scientific­methodological levels of methodology allows to create the applied cultural studies and culture management analysis model in a substantial interconnection. Justification was provided for some scientific approaches, which are taken as the baseline of methodological analysis of integrating applied cultural studies branch and management in the sociocultural field.
The practical significance. According to the results of the study, applied cultural studies have a broad social mission, which manifests itself in creation of advantageous environment of interaction in the object field of culture, constructing mechanisms of implementing innovations in the sociocultural field, and developing future cultural practices models, which will eventually promote establishment of its new formats. In order to achieve this task, culture management implements social marketing, innovative and investment varieties of management technologies, branding, purposeful communication and human resource management, etc., which opens new perspectives of diversifying research of culture management in the context of applied cultural studies.
Walking as a cultural practice of perceiving of the city space through corporeity (based on the work of Michel de Certeau “Walking the City”)
Authors: Aleksandrova M. , Sholukho N.
Published: December 2021

The topicality of the work is determined by the need to expand the theoretical base of the Ukrainian urbanism and the formation of the own problems of cultural studies of urban space.
The purpose of the article is to comprehend the aspect of corporeity in the concept of Michel de Certeau’s walk (based on the work “Walking the City”) as a cultural practice.
The methodology. The research was carried out on the basis of the analysis of the source base and scientific literature with the help of comparative analysis, semiotic and hermeneutic methods, as well as with the involvement of phenomenological and biographical approaches. Generalization was carried out using the modeling method within the framework of the cultural approach.
The results. The peculiarities of the concept of Michel de Certeau’s walk as a form of attracting the subject of culture to the urban space are revealed. The walk is investigated as a cultural practice of urban space assimilation, realization of active civil position and formation of individuality. It is shown that corporeity acts as a way of interacting the subject of culture with the space of the city. It is shown that the subject’s corporeity combines spatial and semiotic practices of assimilation of urban space. Actions to form a symbolic dimension of the culture of the city are shown as equivalent to the practices of spatial activities of the subject. It is noted that the cultural practice of Michel de Certeau’s walk becomes consonant to the mechanics of forming the image of the city of Kevin Lynch. It is emphasized that the combination of spatial and semiotic practices in the activity of the subject leads to the formation of the cultural space of the city. The cultural practice of walking in Michel de Certeau’s “Walking the City” is shown as a form of subject integration into the city space. The isolation of the aspect of corporeity made it possible to see the walk as a holistic form of the subject’s activity, which combines spatial actions with practical assimilation of the city together with practices of constructing the image of the city. The formation of the culture of the city, therefore, is determined by the intensity of the subject’s practices in it.
The scientific novelty. In this study for the first time we have explored the concept of Michel de Certeau’s “Walking the City” as a cultural practice. Also for the first time the corporeity aspect of the walk as a form of assimilation of the city space by the subject of culture is studied.
The practical significance. The results of the study can be used in teaching courses on city culture, urban studies, museumification of urban space, corporeity of culture, semiotics of culture. Also scientific achievements can be included into urban projects of modern public spaces of residential areas of Ukrainian cities with the involvement of civil activists and local residents.
The place of the discipline “Fundamentals of Stage Movement: Historical Etiquette” in the professional training of a modern actor and its connection with the subjects of professional and practical cycle
Authors: Bortnyk K.
Published: December 2021

The actor’s flexibility and stretching expressiveness is one of the most important skills in acquiring professional knowledge, which is taken into account in the structure of the pedagogical process of theatrical performances, where a significant role is given to the disciplines of the flexibility and stretching cycle, in particular the basics of stage movement, one of the components of which is historical etiquette, which develops the psychophysical apparatus of the actor in the way necessary for stage activities, trains a sense of beauty and elegance of movement, form and style. However, for today the specific character of mastering stylistic behaviour requires careful scientific review in order to create a modern study of the role of historical etiquette in the flexibility and stretching culture of the actor and the place of discipline in the cycle of professional and practical training, which determines the relevance of this article.

The purpose of the paper is to substantiate the importance of mastering stylistic behaviour by a future professional actor in the context of the discipline “Fundamentals of Stage Movement” and general professional training.

The methodology. In this article we applied the methods of abstraction and structuring, analytical and comparative methods within the pedagogical approach.

The results. The subject “Fundamentals of Stage Movement: Historical Etiquette” is an important component of the system of modern professional training of the future actor, which meets the requirements of modern theatrical art that tends to flexibility and stretching means of expression and nonverbal language. By mastering the specific features of stylistic behaviour and flexibility and stretching of different historical epochs, the future actor acquires appropriate professional competencies and is able not only to accurately embody any historical image, but also to improve the unity of interior and exterior technology, increase the overall level of flexibility and stretching culture, expand the range techniques, to acquire skills of creating flexibility and stretching characteristic features of contemporary images, to reveal creative potential and to realize it more widely while mastering related disciplines (“Actor’s Skill”, “Dance”, “Stage Fight”, “Fencing”, “Stage Language”, “Vocal”) , which will make it in demand in further professional activities in both theatre and film industries.

The scientific novelty. The paper is the first attempt for substantiating the necessity of studying the stylistic behaviour and historical etiquette by future actors in the context of further realization of their creative potential in professional activity.

The practical significance. The materials of the article can be used in the practical activities of teachers of stage movement and in creating further research in this area.
The study of the archaic round dances dramaturgy from the spring cycle
Authors: Trehubova F. , Trehubov D.
Published: December 2021

The relevance of the study is determined by the need to find clarification of the interpretation of the primary symbolism of some dance ornaments and movements. This will help to focus the choreographers’ attention on the competent use and interpretation of symbols in the dance dramaturgy.
The purpose of this study is to analyze the archaic motifs in the dramaturgy of the spring cycle dances on the cycle example of round dances “Podolianochka” to explain their primary sign content.
The methodology. The article analyzes the dramaturgy of the archaic spring rites on the cycle example of round dances “Podolianochka”, which are united by a plot and choreographic features. The archaic origins sources of the choreographic staging of these ritual actions are traced and systematized. The components of mythological, calendar-ritual and initiating origins of such a rite are considered.
The results. The main character origin as a sun reflection in the spring flood (in the Danube) is formulated on the basis of a common feature — “white face” and others. The initiation of “Podolianochka-Bilodanchyk” leads to the Lela-spring birth. Choreographic elements that contribute to the success of the magical ritual and accompany the events course are considered: jumps — for the successful initiation, marriage and promoting plant growth, running — to increase fertility. It is shown that the schemes of movement in these round dances ensure the involvement of all girls in the role of the central character, as well as create magical symbols similar to Easter painting: sun-bird, meander, “thunderbolt”. It is proved that from the view of magical point the round dance plays the role of rosaries, the grains of which are taken one by one, and to each of them the gods’ glorification is pronounced.
The novelty of this study is to clarify the ideological basis of the main character origin of the dance “Podolianochka-Bilodanchyk”, in the interpretation of choreographic patterns as symbols similar to Easter painting, the analogy between the touching of rosaries and mandatory participation in the role of the central character of all girls.
The practical significance of this study is the selection of meaningful lines of round dance dramaturgy: 1) choreographic staging of events with grain and sorcery for the harvest; 2) girls’ initiation before the marriage period; 3) choreographic staging of events from the gods’ life and consecration of human actions. This allows you to more fully reconstruct both individual movements and the round dance dramaturgy as a whole in practice.
Didactic potential of electronic educational resources in the system of lifelong learning
Authors:   National University of Life and Environmental Scienсes of Ukraine, O. Balalaieva
Published: December 2021

In the information society, information support of socially significant processes and kinds of activity, among which education is one of the most important, acquires special significance. Priority vectors of development of educational systems of many countries are to increase the availability of quality education in accordance with the requirements of innovative sustainable development of society and each of its citizens, ensuring personal development in accordance with individual needs through lifelong learning. Ensuring not just free access to educational resources, but the quality of the information environment becomes extremely important. At the same time, the available electronic resources that perform the function of such content require a thorough scientific and pedagogical analysis, which determined the relevance of this paper. The purpose of the article is to analyze the didactic potential of electronic educational resources as a component of information support of lifelong learning. Current trends in the development of continuing education stimulate interest in choosing the optimal resources not only from teachers but also students as consumers of open educational content. Scholars note that the potential of electronic educational resources has not been fully realized. For more efficient use of resources, a number of factors should be taken into account: psychological and pedagogical, ergonomic, sanitary and hygienic, technological etc. To reduce the possible negative effects on the educational process the careful analysis of the didactic potential of electronic educational resources, both positive and negative aspects of their use is required. The possibilities of electronic resources allow to ensure the implementation of didactic principles at a qualitatively new level, while increasing didactic risks. Didactic risk is interpreted as a predictable characteristic of a potential learning situation that may arise when using an innovative tool and have a negative impact on the educational process (negative impact is interpreted as an action that does not lead to positive changes in student learning or personality development). The article highlights the risks of using electronic educational resources associated with the fundamental didactic principles). Finding ways to minimize such risks is a promising area for further research.
Motherhood and cultural and historical traditions
Authors:   National University of Life and Environmental Scienсes of Ukraine, A. Nakonechnaya
Published: December 2021

The problem of the relationship and interaction of motherhood with the development of culture became very serious and very significant. It requires consistent scientific research and philosophical generalization. The article presents a holistic vision of the phenomenon of motherhood in the context of culture. The motherhood considered from these positions acts as the specific phenomenon of our existence, the unique mechanism of physical and sociocultural reproduction of the person. In a sense, motherhood can be seen as a center that forms culture, because initially the cultural space for the child is concentered around the mother.