bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Chikungunya E2 Protein Produced in E. coli and HEK293-T Cells—Comparison of Their Performances in ELISA
Authors: Bagno Flávia Fonseca , Godói Lara Carvalho , Figueiredo Maria Marta , Sérgio Sarah Aparecida Rodrigues , Moraes Thaís de Fátima Silva , Salazar Natália de Castro , Kim Young Chan , Reyes-Sandoval Arturo , da Fonseca Flávio Guimarães
Published: August 2020

Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is a mosquito-borne pathogen that causes a disease characterized by the acute onset of fever accompanied by arthralgia and intense joint pain. Clinical similarities and cocirculation of this and other arboviruses in many tropical countries highlight the necessity for efficient and accessible diagnostic tools. CHIKV envelope proteins are highly conserved among alphaviruses and, particularly, the envelope 2 glycoprotein (CHIKV-E2) appears to be immunodominant and has a considerable serodiagnosis potential. Here, we investigate how glycosylation of CHIKV-E2 affects antigen/antibody interaction and how this affects the performance of CHIKV-E2-based Indirect ELISA tests. We compare two CHIKV-E2 recombinant antigens produced in different expression systems: prokaryotic-versus eukaryotic-made recombinant proteins. CHIKV-E2 antigens are expressed either in E. coli BL21(DE3)—a prokaryotic system unable to produce post-translational modifications—or in HEK-293T mammalian cells—a eukaryotic system able to add post-translational modifications, including glycosylation sites. Both prokaryotic and eukaryotic recombinant CHIKV-E2 react strongly to anti-CHIKV IgG antibodies, showing accuracy levels that are higher than 90%. However, the glycan-added viral antigen presents better sensitivity and specificity (85 and 98%) than the non-glycosylated antigen (81 and 71%, respectively) in anti-CHIKV IgM ELISA assays.
Molecular Characterization of Hemorrhagic Enteritis Virus (HEV) Obtained from Clinical Samples in Western Canada 2017–2018
Authors: Palomino-Tapia Victor , Mitevski Darko , Inglis Tom , van der Meer Frank , Abdul-Careem Mohamed Faizal
Published: August 2020

Hemorrhagic enteritis virus (HEV) is an immunosuppressive adenovirus that causes an acute clinical disease characterized by hemorrhagic gastroenteritis in 4-week-old turkeys and older. Recurrent incidence of secondary infections (e.g., systemic bacterial infections, cellulitis, and elevated mortality), may be associated with the presence of field-type HEV in Canadian turkey farms. We speculate that field-type HEV and vaccine/vaccine-like strains can be differentiated through analysis of the viral genomes, hexon genes, and the specific virulence factors (e.g., ORF1, E3, and fib knob domain). Nine out of sixteen spleens obtained from cases suspected of immunosuppression by HEV were analyzed. The limited data obtained showed that: (1) field-type HEV circulates in many non-vaccinated western Canadian flocks; (2) field-type HEV circulates in vaccinated flocks with increased recurrent bacterial infections; and (3) the existence of novel point mutations in hexon, ORF1, E3, and specially fib knob domains. This is the first publication showing the circulation of wild-type HEV in HEV-vaccinated flocks in Western Canada, and the usefulness of a novel procedure that allows whole genome sequencing of HEV directly from spleens, without passaging in cell culture or passaging in vivo. Further studies focusing more samples are required to confirm our observations and investigate possible vaccination failure.
Optimization Rules for SARS-CoV-2 Mpro Antivirals: Ensemble Docking and Exploration of the Coronavirus Protease Active Site
Authors: Stoddard Shana V. , Stoddard Serena D. , Oelkers Benjamin K. , Fitts Kennedi , Whalum Kellen , Whalum Kaylah , Hemphill Alexander D. , Manikonda Jithin , Martinez Linda Michelle , Riley Elizabeth G. , Roof Caroline M. , Sarwar Nowreen , Thomas Doni M. , Ulmer Emily , Wallace Felissa E. , Pandey Pankaj , Roy Sudeshna
Published: August 2020

Coronaviruses are viral infections that have a significant ability to impact human health. Coronaviruses have produced two pandemics and one epidemic in the last two decades. The current pandemic has created a worldwide catastrophe threatening the lives of over 15 million as of July 2020. Current research efforts have been focused on producing a vaccine or repurposing current drug compounds to develop a therapeutic. There is, however, a need to study the active site preferences of relevant targets, such as the SARS-CoV-2 main protease (SARS-CoV-2 Mpro), to determine ways to optimize these drug compounds. The ensemble docking and characterization work described in this article demonstrates the multifaceted features of the SARS-CoV-2 Mpro active site, molecular guidelines to improving binding affinity, and ultimately the optimization of drug candidates. A total of 220 compounds were docked into both the 5R7Z and 6LU7 SARS-CoV-2 Mpro crystal structures. Several key preferences for strong binding to the four subsites (S1, S1′, S2, and S4) were identified, such as accessing hydrogen binding hotspots, hydrophobic patches, and utilization of primarily aliphatic instead of aromatic substituents. After optimization efforts using the design guidelines developed from the molecular docking studies, the average docking score of the parent compounds was improved by 6.59 −log10(Kd) in binding affinity which represents an increase of greater than six orders of magnitude. Using the optimization guidelines, the SARS-CoV-2 Mpro inhibitor cinanserin was optimized resulting in an increase in binding affinity of 4.59 −log10(Kd) and increased protease inhibitor bioactivity. The results of molecular dynamic (MD) simulation of cinanserin-optimized compounds CM02, CM06, and CM07 revealed that CM02 and CM06 fit well into the active site of SARS-CoV-2 Mpro [Protein Data Bank (PDB) accession number 6LU7] and formed strong and stable interactions with the key residues, Ser-144, His-163, and Glu-166. The enhanced binding affinity produced demonstrates the utility of the design guidelines described. The work described herein will assist scientists in developing potent COVID-19 antivirals.
Failed Disruption of Tick Feeding, Viability, and Molting after Immunization of Mice and Sheep with Recombinant Ixodes ricinus Salivary Proteins IrSPI and IrLip1
Authors: Almazán Consuelo , Fourniol Lisa , Rakotobe Sabine , Šimo Ladislav , Bornères Jérémie , Cote Martine , Peltier Sandy , Maye Jennifer , Versillé Nicolas , Richardson Jennifer , Bonnet Sarah I.
Published: August 2020

To identify potential vaccine candidates against Ixodes ricinus and tick-borne pathogen transmission, we have previously sequenced the salivary gland transcriptomes of female ticks infected or not with Bartonella henselae. The hypothesized potential of both IrSPI (I. ricinus serine protease inhibitor) and IrLip1 (I. ricinus lipocalin 1) as protective antigens decreasing tick feeding and/or the transmission of tick-borne pathogens was based on their presumed involvement in dampening the host immune response to tick feeding. Vaccine endpoints included tick larval and nymphal mortality, feeding, and molting in mice and sheep. Whether the antigens were administered individually or in combination, the vaccination of mice or sheep elicited a potent antigen-specific antibody response. However, and contrary to our expectations, vaccination failed to afford protection against the infestation of mice and sheep by I. ricinus nymphs and larvae, respectively. Rather, vaccination with IrSPI and IrLip1 appeared to enhance tick engorgement and molting and decrease tick mortality. To the best of our knowledge, these observations represent the first report of induction of vaccine-mediated enhancement in relation to anti-tick vaccination.
The Influence of β-1,3-1,6-Glucans on Rabies Vaccination Titers in Cats
Authors: Byrne John , Knobel Darryn , Moore Susan M. , Gatrell Stephanie , Butaye Patrick
Published: August 2020

β-glucans have been shown to stimulate the immune system in several animal species. The aim of this study was to evaluate the immune stimulation capacity of a fully formulated diet with β-1,3-1,6-glucans in cats, by assessing the rabies antibody titer after vaccination. Thirty-five healthy cats were recruited. The cats were placed into two groups and fed a standard diet in accordance with body weight. One group had the β-glucans incorporated into the diet; the other group served as the control group. After two weeks of dietary adjustment; the rabies vaccine (Imrab® 3 TF; Merial) was administered on days 0 and 21. Blood samples were taken on days 0, 21, and 42. Titers were determined with the rapid fluorescent foci inhibition test (RFFIT). Titers at days 21 and 42 were compared between the two groups in a linear mixed effects model. This study showed that the animals receiving the non-supplemented feed had higher post-vaccination rabies antibody titers. This indicates that, in contrast to other animal species, the β-glucan supplemented diet did not have the expected positive effect on the rabies antibody titers in cats.
Lag Time as an Indicator of the Link between Agricultural Pressure and Drinking Water Quality State
Authors: Kim Hyojin , Surdyk Nicolas , Møller Ingelise , Graversgaard Morten , Blicher-Mathiesen Gitte , Henriot Abel , Dalgaard Tommy , Hansen Birgitte
Published: August 2020

Diffuse nitrogen (N) pollution from agriculture in groundwater and surface water is a major challenge in terms of meeting drinking water targets in many parts of Europe. A bottom-up approach involving local stakeholders may be more effective than national- or European-level approaches for addressing local drinking water issues. Common understanding of the causal relationship between agricultural pressure and water quality state, e.g., nitrate pollution among the stakeholders, is necessary to define realistic goals of drinking water protection plans and to motivate the stakeholders; however, it is often challenging to obtain. Therefore, to link agricultural pressure and water quality state, we analyzed lag times between soil surface N surplus and groundwater chemistry using a cross correlation analysis method of three case study sites with groundwater-based drinking water abstraction: Tunø and Aalborg-Drastrup in Denmark and La Voulzie in France. At these sites, various mitigation measures have been implemented since the 1980s at local to national scales, resulting in a decrease of soil surface N surplus, with long-term monitoring data also being available to reveal the water quality responses. The lag times continuously increased with an increasing distance from the N source in Tunø (from 0 to 20 years between 1.2 and 24 m below the land surface; mbls) and La Voulzie (from 8 to 24 years along downstream), while in Aalborg-Drastrup, the lag times showed a greater variability with depth—for instance, 23-year lag time at 9–17 mbls and 4-year lag time at 21–23 mbls. These spatial patterns were interpreted, finding that in Tunø and La Voulzie, matrix flow is the dominant pathway of nitrate, whereas in Aalborg-Drastrup, both matrix and fracture flows are important pathways. The lag times estimated in this study were comparable to groundwater ages measured by chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs); however, they may provide different information to the stakeholders. The lag time may indicate a wait time for detecting the effects of an implemented protection plan while groundwater age, which is the mean residence time of a water body that is a mixture of significantly different ages, may be useful for planning the time scale of water protection programs. We conclude that the lag time may be a useful indicator to reveal the hydrogeological links between the agricultural pressure and water quality state, which is fundamental for a successful implementation of drinking water protection plans.
River Water Quality of the Selenga-Baikal Basin: Part II—Metal Partitioning under Different Hydroclimatic Conditions
Authors: Kasimov Nikolay , Shinkareva Galina , Lychagin Mikhail , Chalov Sergey , Pashkina Margarita , Thorslund Josefin , Jarsjö Jerker
Published: August 2020

The partitioning of metals and metalloids between their dissolved and suspended forms in river systems largely governs their mobility and bioavailability. However, most of the existing knowledge about catchment-scale metal partitioning in river systems is based on a limited number of observation points, which is not sufficient to characterize the complexity of large river systems. Here we present an extensive field-based dataset, composed of multi-year data from over 100 monitoring locations distributed over the large, transboundary Selenga River basin (of Russia and Mongolia), sampled during different hydrological seasons. The aim is to investigate on the basin scale, the influence of different hydroclimatic conditions on metal partitioning and transport. Our results showed that the investigated metals exhibited a wide range of different behaviors. Some metals were mostly found in the dissolved form (84–96% of Mo, U, B, and Sb on an average), whereas many others predominantly existed in suspension (66–87% of Al, Fe, Mn, Pb, Co, and Bi). Nevertheless, our results also showed a consistently increasing share of metals in dissolved form as the metals were transported to the downstream parts of the basin, closer to the Lake Baikal. Under high discharge conditions (including floods), metal transport by suspended particulate matter was significantly greater (about 2–6 times). However, since high and low water conditions could prevail simultaneously at a given point of time within the large river basin, e.g., as a result of on-going flood propagation, snap-shot observations of metal partitioning demonstrated contrasting patterns with domination of both particulate and dissolved phases in different parts of the basin. Such heterogeneity of metal partitioning is likely to be found in many large river systems. These results point out the importance of looking into different hydroclimatic conditions across space and time, both for management purposes and contaminant modeling efforts at the basin scale.
Long-Lead-Time Prediction of Storm Surge Using Artificial Neural Networks and Effective Typhoon Parameters: Revisit and Deeper Insight
Authors: Chao Wei-Ting , Young Chih-Chieh , Hsu Tai-Wen , Liu Wen-Cheng , Liu Chian-Yi
Published: August 2020

Storm surge induced by severe typhoons has caused many catastrophic tragedies to coastal communities over past decades. Accurate and efficient prediction/assessment of storm surge is still an important task in order to achieve coastal disaster mitigation especially under the influence of climate change. This study revisits storm surge predictions using artificial neural networks (ANN) and effective typhoon parameters. Recent progress of storm surge modeling and some remaining unresolved issues are reviewed. In this paper, we chose the northeastern region of Taiwan as the study area, where the largest storm surge record (over 1.8 m) has been observed. To develop the ANN-based storm surge model for various lead-times (from 1 to 12 h), typhoon parameters are carefully examined and selected by analogy with the physical modeling approach. A knowledge extraction method (KEM) with backward tracking and forward exploration procedures is also proposed to analyze the roles of hidden neurons and typhoon parameters in storm surge prediction, as well as to reveal the abundant, useful information covered in the fully-trained artificial brain. Finally, the capability of ANN model for long-lead-time predictions and influences in controlling parameters are investigated. Overall, excellent agreement with observations (i.e., the coefficient of efficiency CE > 0.95 for training and CE > 0.90 for validation) is achieved in one-hour-ahead prediction. When the typhoon affects coastal waters, contributions of wind speed, central pressure deficit, and relative angle are clarified via influential hidden neurons. A general pattern of maximum storm surge under various scenarios is also obtained. Moreover, satisfactory accuracy is successfully extended to a much longer lead time (i.e., CE > 0.85 for training and CE > 0.75 for validation in 12-h-ahead prediction). Possible reasons for further accuracy improvement compared to earlier works are addressed.
A Nonlinear Creep Damage Model Considering the Effect of Dry-Wet Cycles of Rocks on Reservoir Bank Slopes
Authors: Wang Xingang , Lian Baoqin , Feng Wenkai
Published: August 2020

Water has a crucial effect on the time-dependent behavior of rocks. The long-term cyclical fluctuations of reservoir water level lead to dry–wet (DW) cycles of rocks on reservoir bank slopes, making this influential factor more complex. To deeply understand the time-dependent behavior of rocks under DW cycles, argillite from the reservoir bank slope of Longtan Hydropower Station was used to perform a series of triaxial creep tests. Subsequently, based on analysis of creep test results after different DW cycles, a damage nonlinear Burgers viscoelastic-plastic (DNBVP) model considering the effect of saturation–dehydration cycles was proposed by introducing a nonlinear viscoplastic body and a damage variable describing DW cycles. Then, the three-dimensional creep equations of the new model were derived and its creep parameters were identified. Comparison between the theoretical curves and the test results shows that the theoretical curves of the DNBVP model were able to describe rock creep tests results after different DW cycles. Furthermore, by comparing classical creep models with the proposed model, it was found that the DNBVP model can accurately reflect the nonlinear characteristics of rocks at the accelerated creep stage. Finally, the sensitivity of the DNBVP model was analyzed and discussed, and three-dimensional central difference expressions necessary for secondary development of the new model were also derived in detail. The proposed new model with secondary development may provide a basis for improving the geotechnical design of reservoir bank slopes and the control of reservoir bank landslides.
An Overland Flood Model for Geographical Information Systems
Authors: Ozcelik Ceyhun , Gorokhovich Yuri
Published: August 2020

A variety of flood models and commercial flood simulation software are provided in the literature, with different accuracies and precisions changing from coarse to fine, depending on model structure and detailed descriptions of basin and hydrologic properties. These models generally focus on river processes, taking overland processes as inputs of 1D or 2D hydrodynamic or hydrologic river flow models. Due to the discrete structure of overland flow and unknown-dynamic boundary conditions, such classical approaches are not cable of fast and reliable spatio–temporal estimations for overland flows, and require detailed and well-organized spatial data that cannot be immediately obtained during an emergency. A spatially-distributed Geographical Information Systems (GIS) based flood model is developed in this study to simulate overland floods, using cellular automata principles. GIS raster cells are considered hydrologic homogeneous areas throughout which hydrologic properties remain constant. Hydrodynamic flow principles, conservations of mass, momentum and energy are applied at pixel level to simulate floodwaters. The proposed GIS model is capable of directly manipulating spatio–temporal pixel level data (e.g., topography, precipitation, infiltration, surface roughness etc.) for modeling of rainfall-induced overland floods; therefore, it can provide fast, temporal and spatial flood depth estimations as well as maximum flood depths and times of concentration for all pixels throughout a study area. The model is quite simple and easy to apply via easily creatable GIS input layers, and is thus very convenient for preliminary engineering applications that need quick and fast response. Its main advantage is that it does not need a predefined flood boundary and boundary conditions. This advantage is especially valuable for coastal plains where delineation of a basin is generally too difficult. Floodwaters of Cyclone Nargis/Myanmar were simulated to test the model. Sensitivity analyses were applied to evaluate the effects of the model parameters (i.e., surface roughness and infiltration rates) on simulation results. The study shows that the proposed GIS model can be readily applied for the fast and inexpensive modeling of rainfall caused floods in areas where flood boundaries and boundary conditions cannot be clearly identified.
An Integrative Framework for Stakeholder Engagement Using the Basin Futures Platform
Authors: O’Sullivan Jackie , Pollino Carmel , Taylor Peter , Sengupta Ashmita , Parashar Amit
Published: August 2020

Water resources are under growing pressures globally, and better basin planning is crucial to alleviate current and future water scarcity issues. Communicating the complex interconnections and needs of natural and human systems is a significant research challenge. With advances in cyberinfrastructure allowing for new innovative approaches to basin planning, this same technology can also facilitate better stakeholder engagement. The potential benefits of using digital basin planning platforms for stakeholder engagement are immense; yet, there is limited guidance on how to best use these platforms for more effective stakeholder engagement in water-related issues and projects. We detail our digital platform, Basin Futures, and highlight the potential uses for stakeholder engagement through an integrative framework across different assessment levels. Basin Futures is a web application that is an entry-level modelling tool that aims to support rapid and exploratory basin planning globally. As a cloud-based tool, it brings together high-performance computing and large-scale global datasets to make data analysis accessible and efficient. We explore the potential use of the tool through three case studies exploring agricultural development, transboundary water-sharing agreements and allocating water for environmental flows.
STUDY OF BATCH CUTTING SAW STRESSES
Authors: Bannikov A. I. , Makarova O. A. , Shkurin I. K. , Zejnalov D. R.
Published: August 2020

The process of batch cutting of cold rolled metal is considered, loads on the teeth of batch cutting saw are calculated.
DEVELOPMENT OF TECHNICAL SYSTEMS BASED ON HEURISTIC MODELING OF THE PHYSICAL OPERATION PRINCIPLE
Authors: Yakovlev A. A. , Postupaeva S. G. , Grebennikov V. N. , Fedorova N. V.
Published: August 2020

A logical-mathematical model has been developed to represent the physical principles of the operation of technical systems with a fluid and gas working body. Example of modeling a gas turbine twin-shaft installation. Heuristic modification methods for developing improved models of the physical principle of action are proposed.
Nota Editorial
Authors: Pita González Alexandra
Published: August 2020

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Armamento y tributo indígena: una aportación a la Historia de la Conquista desde los documentos jurídico-administrativos
Authors: Fuente Cid Mario Enrique
Published: August 2020

El armamento usado por los españoles es uno de los grandes temas pendientes para alcanzar una visión más completa y dinámica de la Conquista de la Nueva España. Aunque existen algunos estudios que abordan el tema su enfoque historiográfico se restringe al uso de códices y crónicas para su descripción. En este sentido, la obra de Silvio Zavala y el lugar que ocupó el tributo indígena en el abastecimiento del armamento resulta especialmente vigente para hacer un abordaje que permita un paradigma complementario del importante fenómeno rumbo a su V Centenario.
historia entrelazada sobre la llegada de la televisión a México y Colombia (1950-1955)
Authors: Ramírez Bonilla Laura Camila
Published: August 2020

El objetivo de este artículo es exponer enlaces, contradicciones e influjo en torno a la llegada de la televisión a Colombia y México, en la década de 1950. Se sostendrá que, en dicho proceso histórico es evidente una dimensión global, que permite reconstruir relatos entrelazados, en diálogo permanente, aunque los dos países representen modelos televisivos antagónicos. Dicho carácter se puede exponer en cinco ámbitos: la naturaleza misma de la televisión; los proyectos políticos y económicos que enmarcaron la instalación; las expectativas que la prensa expandió sobre el tema; el tinte nacionalista de los gobiernos de la época, la prensa y los propietarios de concesiones; y los referentes internacionales, los influjos y los intercambios con otros países. Para rastrear la globalidad de este fenómeno, esta investigación acudió a fuentes primarias y bibliografía especializada. Se resaltaron las experiencias de cada país, desde sus rasgos particulares, pero sobre todo, sus coincidencias. El lector se encontrará con una historia cruzada entre dos estudios de casos, más que con una tabla de comparación.
recreo de las familias en la legitimación de la práctica literaria mexicana en 1838
Authors: Olague Méndez María del Carmen
Published: August 2020

La revista literaria El recreo de las familias hasta el momento ha sido poco estudiada y merece profundizar en ella debido al papel que desempeñó como legitimadora del quehacer literario de los escritores mexicanos en 1838, en un periodo tan cercano a la consumación de la independencia en que ellos se encontraban definiendo su oficio para lograr diferenciarse de su pasado colonial. El presente artículo tiene como objetivo analizar cómo esta publicación funcionó como vehículo de legitimación del quehacer literario para los escritores mexicanos que en ella colaboraron y que emplearon para poner su oficio a la altura de las naciones civilizadas, demostrando así que había dejado atrás su pasado bárbaro. Su identidad como escritores no se definió en una abierta confrontación crítica frente a los autores de las naciones que ellos consideraban civilizadas, sino encontrando en ellos modelos intelectuales dignos de ser replicados para extraer de ellos elementos adecuados para su didáctica individual y colectiva, pero sobre todo en un proceso de apropiación de las obras extranjeras, en el que el proceso de copia y traducción jugaron un papel clave.
juramento de la ciudad de México a Luis I de Borbón. El testimonio histórico del gremio de plateros, 1724
Authors: Tlacxani Segura Gonzalo
Published: August 2020

El presente texto analiza un episodio poco conocido de la lealtad indiana hacia la Corona española, que fue el juramento y celebración que hizo la ciudad de México a Luis I de Borbón como “rey y señor de las Españas” en 1724. Caso prácticamente desconocido en la historiografía novohispana y que por primera vez se presenta a partir del testimonio histórico del poder político económico que dejó el gremio de plateros de México, el cual consideraríamos el principal hallazgo de esta investigación. Texto manuscrito que no podría ser entendido en este trabajo si no tomáramos a la fiesta pública, como formula de sociabilidad, y al elemento de la lealtad y obediencia, como parte del pacto político social entre las corporaciones hispánicas con el nuevo monarca.
Redes aristocráticas mexicanas a principios del siglo XX en Álbum de Damas. Revista quincenal ilustrada (1907)
Authors: Vargas Aguirre Alma Liliana
Published: August 2020

El porfiriato fue un periodo en el que se vivió un gran crecimiento económico en México. Socialmente esta prosperidad se vio reflejada, entre otras cosas, en las grandes fiestas y eventos realizados por y para las familias de las clases altas privilegiadas. Por otra parte, hubo un auge en la producción de medios impresos, particularmente proliferaron las revistas dirigidas a las damas del hogar y de la aristocracia mexicana. Una de ellas fue Álbum de Damas, publicación que se mantuvo entre enero de 1907 y julio de 1908, en la que se incluía una sección donde se describían los principales eventos sociales de las clases altas. El objetivo de este artículo es analizar las redes aristocráticas reflejadas en dicha sección, Ecos sociales de la quincena, de la revista Álbum de Damas, en los 24 números publicados en 1907. Analizar la revista en general es revelador en cuanto a su intención, similar a la de otras revistas de la época dedicadas a las mujeres, de educar o instruir a la mujer mexicana de acuerdo con un modelo que cumpliera con los roles convenientes para la nación y para el desarrollo de los futuros ciudadanos que servirían a la patria. Pero centrar el análisis en la sección social de la revista nos presen-ta toda una nueva perspectiva, pues a través del análisis de redes se pudieron visibilizar conexiones muy reveladoras en cuanto a vida social, política, estatus, influencias de poder y economía. Entender estas conexiones nos da un enfoque alternativo para comprender las dinámicas económicas y políticas de esa clase encargada, tal vez de manera indirecta, de dirigir el rumbo del país.
Emisión de metano y óxido nitroso de excretas de bovino en Costa Rica
Authors: Montenegro Ballestero Johnny , Barrantes Guevara Eduardo
Published: August 2020

Emisión de metano y óxido nitroso de excretas de bovino en Costa Rica.En el trópico seco de Costa Rica se cuantificóla emisión de N2O-Ny de CH4-C proveniente de excretas de bovinos, y se evaluóla influencia de las condiciones climáticas en la emisión de estos gases. Para ello se recolectóorina y excretas sólidasde novillos Brahmany se establecieron cuatroexperimentossegún época climática:seca, transición alluvias, lluviosa, y transición aépocaseca. En cada unaseevaluaron trestratamientos:orina, excretas sólidas y,testigo sin excretas,y cinco repeticiones enun arreglo de parcelas divididas. Las evaluaciones se realizaron durante 30 díasen cada época climática,utilizando la técnica de la cámara fijapararecolectar muestras gaseosas. La emisión de óxido nitroso mostró las mayores fluctuaciones y con episodios de emisión más elevados durante la época lluviosa, y valores intermedios para la transición tanto a la época lluviosa como a la seca. Además,presentóinteracción deépoca*tratamiento (P<0,041).La emisión de metano fuemayor (P<0,0171) enlas excretas sólidas. Los factores de emisión determinados para el N2O-N y CH4-C (0,25% y 306,4 g-1c-1a-1, respectivamente) son inferiores a los propuestos por IPCC. Los resultados apoyan la realización de este tipo de investigación yla utilización de los mismos para calculary estimarla emisión de estos gases proveniente de este tipo de sustrato

Palabras clave: Trópico, factor de emisión, ganado bovino, época climática, Brahman
Renal Tubular Dysfunction Linked to Tenofovir in Antiretroviral Therapy in HIV-Infected Patients
Authors: Souza Renato Ferneda de , Rubio Fernando Gongora
Published: August 2020

Introduction: tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) has low general toxicity and can lead to moderate reduction in glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and a larger prevalence of renal tubular dysfunction (RTD). The mechanism of RTD has been attributed to the mitocondrial lesion in the proximal tubule cells caused by the increase of the intracelular TDF concentration. Aditionaly, host´s genetic polymorphisms have been considered one of the TDF concentration increasing causes. RTD can be characterized by the deficiency in the solutes reabsorption as bicarbonate, uric acid, phosphate, glucose and low weight molecular proteins.

 Objectives: verify the prevalence of renal tubular dysfunction  in the people living with HIV (PLWH) on TDF treatment, identify the risk factors associated and compare the 24-hours urine findings with the serum creatinine and its calculated clearance for the RTD identification. Methods: prospective case control study, performed between january 2011 to december 2015. Results: 163 patients were included in the study, in which 106 (68.4%) didn't use TDF and 57 (31.6%) used TDF. RTD occured in 8 patients that used TDF, a prevalence of 14%. The patients age was identified as significant risk factor for the development of RTD. Proteinuria and the phosphaturia were significant for the diagnosis of RTD. Conclusions: age was determined as risk factor for RTD, mainly in patients over 60 years-old. Phosphaturia and proteinuria showed the greatest diagnosis sensitivity for RTD. The serum creatinine and phosphorus concentration, the creatinine clearance and the stand alone hyperproteinuria should not be used as diagnosis predictors for RTD.
PENGARUH MODEL PEMBELAJARAN DISCOVERY LEARNING TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR BIOLOGI MAHASISWA SEMESTER VI UNIMUDA SORONG TAHUN 2019
Authors: Jaharudin Jaharudin , Fathurrahman Fathurrahman , Istiqomah Istiqomah
Published: August 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh model pembelajaran discovery learning terhadap hasil belajar mahasiswa mata kuliah ekologi hewan pada submateri keaneragaman komunitas. Jenis penelitian ini adalah eksperimen semu menggunakan kelas kontrol dan eksperimen. Kelas eksperimen menggunakan model pembelajaran discovery learning dan kelas kontrol tanpa model pembelajaran discovery learning. Analisis data berupa uji validitas, n gaint, dan uji t tidak berpasangan, analisis nilai afektif dan psikomotor, uji mann whitney U dan uji linear sederhana. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nilai signifikansi aspek kognitif dan afektif sebesar p (0,000) < α (0,05), sedangkan nilai signifikansi aspek psikomotor sebesar p (0,029) < α (0,05), hal ini berarti bahwa ada pengaruh model pembelajaran discovery learning terhadap hasil belajar. Besaran pengaruh model pembelajaran discovery learning terhadap hasil belajar siswa aspek kognitif sebesar 52,1%, sedangkan pada aspek afektif dan psikomotor tidak dapat dianalisis secara lanjut besaran pengaruhnya karena berupa data ordinal.
PENGARUH IMPLEMENTASI MODEL PEMBELAJARAN INKUIRI BASED LEARNING PADA PEMBELAJARAN BIOLOGI TERHADAP KINERJA DAN HASIL BELAJAR SISWA
Authors: Sukaryanto Sukaryanto
Published: August 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji Pengaruh Implementasi Model Inkuiri Based Learning (IBL) pada pembelajaran biologi terhadap kinerja dan hasil belajar siswa. Penelitian ini dilakukan di SMA Negeri 2 Bantaeng Semester 1 Tahun Pelajaran 2019/2020, sejak tanggal 4 September 2019 hingga 18 September 2019. Materi yang diberikan pada saat pengamatan adalah Bioteknologi konvensional (Fermentasi). Subjek penelitian adalah siswa kelas XII IPA4 SMA Negeri 2 Bantaeng dengan jumlah siswa 32 orang. Hasil analisis deskriptif menunjukkan bahwa Implementasi Model Inkuiri Based Learning (IBL) rata-rata kinerja siswa 78.52% yang berarti siswa dapat mengikuti pembelajaran Inkuiri Based Learning dengan baik, rata-rata hasil belajar siswa 70.88% atau masuk dalam kategori tinggi, dan peningkatan hasil belajar berdasarkan indeks Gain ternormalisasi memiliki rata-rata 0,59 termasuk kategori sedang. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini bahwa Implementasi model pembelajaran Inkuiri Based Learning (IBL) berpengaruh pada kinerja siswa dan hasil belajar siswa.
PERBANDINGAN KEMAMPUAN BERPIKIR DIVERGEN ANTARA SISWA LAKI-LAKI DAN PEREMPUAN PADA MATA PELAJARAN BIOLOGI DI KELAS XI SMA NEGERI 9 MAKASSAR
Authors: Ulfa Nurul Alia , B Nurhayati , Junda Muhammad
Published: August 2020

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mendeskripsikan kemampuan berpikir divergen siswa laki-laki  dan perempuan pada mata pelajaran Biologi di SMA Negeri 9 Makassar, dan untuk mengetahui adakah perbedaan signifikan kemampuan berpikir divergen antara siswa laki-laki dan perempuan pada mata pelajaran Biologi di SMA Negeri 9 Makassar. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu penelitian ex post facto.Populasi berjumlah 248 orang. Pengambilan sampel menggunakan tekhnik Purposive Sampling berjumlah 67 orang. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan Juli sampai September 2018 tahun pelajaran 2018/2019. Tempat penelitian di  SMA Negeri 9 Makassar yang terletak di Jalan Karunrung Raya No 37, Karunrung, Rappocini, Kota Makassar, Sulawesi Selatan. Instrumen yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu menggunakan tes kreatifitas verbal. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa kemampuan berpikir divergen siswa laki-laki dan perempuan di kelas XI SMA Negeri 9 Makassar berada pada kategori baik, terdapat perbedaan signifikan kemampuan berpikir divergen antara siswa laki-laki dan perempuan dengan nilai sig. (2-tailed) 0,024 pada taraf sig. α 0,05. Kemampuan berpikir divergen siswa perempuan lebih tinggi daripada siswa laki-laki.
PENGARUH PENAMBAHAN STASIUN-STASIUN SEISMIK (STPI, TSPI, DAN IWPI) TERHADAP ANALISA PENENTUAN PARAMETER GEMPA BUMI STUDI KASUS GEMPA BUMI DI WILAYAH PAPUA BARAT TAHUN 2019 – 2020.
Authors: Wijaya Andri
Published: August 2020

Wilayah Provinsi Papua Barat yang luas dan rawan aktifitas kegempaan membutuhkan stasiun seismik untuk menentukan lokasi gempabumi, oleh karena itu bagaimana dampak yang ditimbulkan akibat penambahan stasiun sesmik terhadap analisa penentuan parameter gempabumi dan kegempaan wilayah Provinsi Papua Barat?. Data yang digunakan adalah data hasil analisa gempa di stasiun-stasiun seismik yang lama (SIJI,SWI,MWPI,RKPI,FAKI dan RAPI) dan stasiun seismik baru (STPI, TSPI, dan IWPI) menggunakan perangkat lunak Seiscomp3: studi kasus gempa tanggal 19 Maret 2020, 24 April 2020, 26 April 2020, 27 April 2020 dan 28 April 2020 serta menggunakan data kegempaan periode Juni 2019 hingga Januari 2020 (sebelum terpasang stasiun-stasiun seimik baru) dan data kegempaan periode Februari 2020 hingga Mei 2020 (Setelah terpasang stasiun-stasiun seimik yang baru). Data-data tersebut kemudian diolah dengan metode kuantitatif dengan membandingkan data hasil analisa sebelum dan sesudah menggunakan stasiun seimik baru. Dari hasil penelitian dapat ditarik kesimpulan dengan adanya penambahan stasiun-stasiun seismik baru berpengaruh pada lokasi episenter dengan melihat nilai dari faktor RMS Error, Azimuth gap, Error lintang dan bujur, bertambahnya frekuensi kegempaan, dan munculnya kelompok gempa baru di wilayah Provinsi Papua Barat. Saran yang dapat diperhatihan adalah perlunya menambah lebih banyak stasiun-stasiun seismik baru sehingga tidak timbul azimuth gap yang lebih dari 180° yang dapat mempengaruhi tingkat akurasi lokasi episenter gempa dan perlunya studi lanjutan terkait penelitian ini.
Upaya Meningkatkan Keterampilan Pukulan Forehand Drive Dalam Permainan Tenis Meja Dengan Menggunakan Metode Media Dinding Pada Mahasiswa Prodi Pendidikan Jasmani Universitas Pendidikan Muhammadiyah Sorong
Authors: As Jusrianto
Published: August 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat penerapan metode yang digunakan dalam peningkatan pukulan forehand dalam permainan tenis meja pada mahasiswa penjas semester V UNIMUDA Sorong. Dari hasil analisis yang diperoleh terjadi peningkatan yang sangat signifikan dari siklus I dan siklus II. Hasil belajar pada siklus I dalam kategori tuntas adalah 42,86% dan pada siklus II terjadi peningkatan hasil belajar mahasiswa dalam kategori tuntas sebesar 80,95%. Maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa pembelajaran tenis meja melalui media dinding dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar mahasiswa penjas semester V UNIMUDA Sorong. Dari hasil analisis yang diperoleh peningkatan yang signifikan dari siklus I dan siklus II. Beberapa saran, khususnya pada dosen pendidikan jasmani sebagai berikut : Dosen hendaknya lebih inovatif dalam menyampaikan materi pembelajaran. Dosen hendaknya memberikan pembelajaran kepada mahasiswa dengan permainan yang sederhana tetapi mengandung unsur materi, agar mahasiswa tidak jenuh dalam mengikuti pembelajaran. Dosen hendaknya memberikan modifikasi alat pembelajaran yang sederhana, efisien, efektif, dan tidak memerlukan biaya mahal untuk membuatnya yang dapat dilihat atau dipegang langsung oleh mahasiswa, karena dapat memotivasi mahasiswa untuk selalu mencoba dan mengulangi secara terus.
Integración de las TIC en la enseñanza de la historia en educación media superior
Authors: Bustos Torres Oscar David , Parra Encinas Karla Lariza
Published: August 2020

Las Tecnologías de la Información y la Comunicación se han convertido en el elemento esencial de nuevos contextos y espacios sociales. Las instituciones educativas se encuentran analizando las constantes transformaciones derivadas de la incorporación de las tecnologías en los contextos educativos actuales. Para lograr particularmente el interés de estudiantes de bachillerato en asignaturas como “Historia”, es necesario que el desarrollo de las clases y los programas educativos sean atractivos para ellos.

En el presente artículo, se comparte un estudio cuantitativo realizado con los docentes de Historia de una institución de educación media superior pública mexicana, basado en un instrumento que analiza las competencias digitales básicas, clasificadas en siete dimensiones.

Los resultados del estudio muestran como áreas de oportunidad para los docentes, su formación en competencias digitales básicas para lograr crear, publicar y compartir material didáctico atractivo para sus estudiantes.
Gambaran Aktifitas Fisik Pada Penderita Hipertensi
Authors: Lestari Ni Kadek Yuni , Saraswati Ni Luh Gede Intan
Published: August 2020

Hipertensi merupakan penyakit tidak menular yang menjadi masalah kesehatan saat ini, prevalensi dan insiden meningkat setiap tahunnya. Aktivitas fisik merupakan salah satu faktor yang dapat diubah pada penderita hipertensi. Aktivitas yang dilakukan secara tepat dan teratur serta frekuensi dan lamanya waktu yang digunakan dengan baik dan benar dapat membantu menurunkan tekanan darah. Penderita hipertensi, menurut hasil studi pendahuluan tidak melakukan olah raga rutin namun hanya melakukan pekerjaan rumah tangga biasa. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif dengan rancangan crosssectional, sampel berjumlah 75 orang yang diambil dengan menggunakan teknik purposive sampling. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan sebagian besar penderita hipertensi memiliki aktivitas dengan kategori baik yaitu sebanyak 51 orang (68%). Penelitian berkesimpulan bahwa penderita hipertensi memiliki aktivitas yang baik dengan jumlah responden terbanyak adalah perempuan dengan sebaran pendidikan terbanyak adalah sekolah dasar. Diharapkan perawat dapat memberikan motivasi dan edukasi yang tepat bagi penderita hipertensi untuk melakukan aktivitas fisik.
Análise da demanda de pacientes com Doenças Crônicas Não Transmissí­veis em uma Unidade de Pronto Atendimento
Authors: Godoi Juliana , Campagnoli Michele , Márcia Fossa Ângela , Pauli da Rocha Maria Cristina , Matteussi Lino Carolina , Mitsue Horibe Tereza
Published: August 2020

Este estudo tem como objetivo analisar e caracterizar a demanda de pacientes com doença crônica não transmissí­vel que utilizam a UPA, foram selecionadas as DCNT mais comuns entre a população de acordo com o Ministério da Saúde. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo, de natureza quantitativa, realizado em uma UPA, no municí­pio de Piracicaba, nos meses de maio e junho de 2018. Na coleta de dados foram analisados um total de 25.748 Fichas de Atendimento Ambulatorial, deste total foram selecionadas 582 fichas que apresentavam uma queixa relacionada a uma DCNT. Observou-se uma predominância do sexo feminino e a faixa etária entre 50 a 54 anos, a classificação de risco com maior frequência foi a da cor verde. As principais DCNT apresentadas foram lombalgia (46,2%; n =244) e asma (21,6%; n =114) e as queixas presentes no momento da triagem foram dor lombar (54,4%; n = 287) e falta de ar (20,1%; n = 106), os pacientes desta UPA em sua maioria recebem alta após medicação ou alta com receita médica e o estudo evidência que há uma recidiva de usuários na unidade, o qual pode ser de 1 í  5 vezes no mesmo mês (90,9%; n = 468). Conclui-se que houve pouco quantitativo de atendimentos relacionados a DCNT, as queixas mais comuns podem estar relacionadas ao clima do ano. Porém, algumas fichas não apresentavam concordância entre suas informações e as recidivas indicam que o usuário não procurou a atenção básica, que deve ser a principal porta de entrada para o sistema de saúde.
O lúdico como estratégia no cuidado no olhar da criança hospitalizada
Authors: Franco da Silva Jéssica íris , Barreto Pereira Jéssica , Duarte Coutinho Simone Elizabeth , Figueiredo de Sá França Jael Rúbia , Cortez Costa de Oliveira Iaponira , Pereira do Carmo Andressa , Rodrigues Ramalho Elisabeth Luisa
Published: August 2020

Este artigo objetiva analisar o olhar de crianças hospitalizadas acerca do lúdico como estratégia no cuidado. Trata-se de um estudo exploratório qualitativo do tipo observacional participante, realizado em um hospital universitário do Nordeste. Utilizou-se uma adaptação da técnica do desenho-história de Trinca entre setembro e outubro de 2017, sendo a amostra de nove crianças em idade escolar e pré-adolescentes. A pesquisa foi aprovada pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa. Após análise temática, obteve-se três categorias, que destacaram a brinquedoteca como um recurso apoiador no cuidado a criança hospitalizada; mostraram as abordagens preferidas do brincar no perí­odo da internação; e citaram os profissionais e seus procedimentos. Foi constatado que o modo de abordagem dos profissionais influencia diretamente no tipo de experiência que será um determinado procedimento, e que o lúdico é uma estratégia fundamental no cuidado hospitalar, uma vez que corrobora para a melhoria dos estados fí­sico, psicológico e emocional da criança.
Avaliação de usabilidade de bomba infusora no Centro de Terapia Intensiva: contribuições para segurança do paciente
Authors: De Jesus Ribeiro Pires Deywisson , Bertolossi Marta Cristiano , Santos de Oliveira Elson , Carla Bridi Adriana , Serpa Franco Andrezza , Carlos Lyra da Silva Roberto , Augusto de Freitas Peregrino Antônio
Published: August 2020

Objetivos: avaliar o grau de satisfação, conhecimento e a usabilidade situada da bomba infusora utilizada no Centro de Terapia Intensiva geral adulto de um hospital universitário; identificar o que sabem os profissionais de enfermagem acerca da bomba de infusão que operam; analisar os atributos de usabilidade da bomba infusora na perspectiva dos usuários; verificar o grau de satisfação do usuário como atributo de usabilidade em relação í s bombas de infusão. Método: Trata-se de estudo descritivo, com abordagem quantitativa, realizado na unidade de Terapia Intensiva geral adulto de um hospital universitário do Rio de Janeiro, com 41 profissionais e residentes de enfermagem, através de um questionário. Resultado: 75,6% conhecem a bomba infusora utilizada no setor, e a maioria a considera de fácil manuseio. 38 profissionais afirmam ter um conhecimento bom do equipamento. Conclusão: Esta pesquisa traduz a importância de avaliar em cenário real as questões relacionadas í  usabilidade dos equipamentos médico-assistenciais, considerando a satisfação dos usuários que manuseiam este equipamento.
Promoção da saúde de graduandos de enfermagem: uma revisão integrativa
Authors: Carvalho Espindola Beatriz , Maria Sabóia Vera , Silva dos Santos Gabriela
Published: August 2020

Objetivo: Analisar as atividades de Promoção da Saúde oferecidas pelas Universidades aos discentes de enfermagem, a partir da produção cientí­fica nacional e internacional; e identificar as evidências dessas intervenções tendo em vista o movimento das Universidades Promotoras da Saúde. Métodos: Revisão Integrativa da literatura, com uso dos descritores em saúde, palavras-chave e MeshTerms, realizada nas bases de dados Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS), PubMed Central (PMC), Cochrane e Web of Science (WoS), no perí­odo de 2003 a 2019. Resultados: Foram selecionados 14 artigos, que foram agrupados nas categorias: Fazer e formar para saúde: avaliação de promoção da saúde e; Outras necessidades de Promoção da Saúde. Conclusões: As estratégias de promoção da saúde oferecidas pelas universidades aos graduandos demonstram preocupação com aspectos pontuais do desenvolvimento do corpo do estudante, mas nem sempre resulta da articulação entre as demandas e o que é oferecido, no que tange a saúde dos universitários. Verificou-se a necessidade de novos estudos sobre a temática, que contribuam para a construção de polí­ticas e ações de saúde voltadas para a população universitária, que necessita ser atendida em sua singularidade.