bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
What generates the violation of psychological contracts at multinational corporations? A contextual exploratory study
Authors: Zaidman Nurit , Elisha Dikla
Published: January 2016

The violation of a psychological contract may have negative effects on employees such as mistrust, lower job performance, and reduced job satisfaction and organizational commitment. We demonstrate that the probability of these negative occurrences is prevenient at multinational corporations. This study adopts an exploratory approach based on data collected at four Israeli companies operating in the high-tech industry that outsource or have established subsidiaries in India. Results indicate five situations that may lead to psychological contract violation, as well as to specific cultural and contextual factors that generate such violation. We argue that the possibility of psychological contract violation anticipatory at multinational corporations due to their distinctive characteristics, namely, inherent cultural diversity, dynamic structure, and global dispersion. The study further contributes to general psychological contract research by showing that certain aspects of the psychological contract are culturally constructed and that incongruences in these aspects as constructed by members of different groups may lead to perceptions of violation.
Reducing the stroboscopic effects of LED luminaires with pulse width modulation control
Authors: Polin D , Klir S , Wagner M , Khanh TQ
Published: January 2016

Pulse width modulation for dimming the light output of LEDs has become common. When pulse width modulation is used at low frequencies unwanted visual artefacts including flicker perception and stroboscopic effects may occur. These artefacts need to be avoided or at least reduced to a minimum in order to obtain high user acceptance. In this paper, an optimized phase-shifted pulse width modulation method is described, implemented and validated in a visual experiment. The method is intended to minimize the stroboscopic effect on a reference surface by first optimizing the LED units of a single LED luminaire and then co-optimizing several of these luminaires. The optimized pulse width modulation waveforms are then compared to standard pulse width modulation dimming methods. In the visual experiment, 13 subjects rated the extent of the stroboscopic effect of standard and optimized waveforms in a white painted experimental room. The results indicate that the optimized waveforms are indistinguishable from constant light.
The sunlight beam index
Authors: Mardaljevic J , Roy N
Published: January 2016

This paper describes a fundamental rethinking of the basis for the evaluation of the sunlight potential of spaces. It provides a robust methodology to answer the question: how much sunlight can enter a room? The measure proposed is the cross-sectional area of beam sunlight that passes through a window. The new measure – called the sunlight beam index – is described, and examples are given for a realistic residential dwelling. The sunlight beam index is determined for a full year on a time-step basis (e.g. every 15 minutes), but it can be aggregated into monthly or yearly totals. The annual total provides a single measure for one window, a group of windows or all the windows for an entire dwelling.
HID lamps under low frequency square wave operation: Experimental Evaluation of Dimming effects
Authors: Nsibi W , Chammam A , Nehdi MN , Mrabet B , Sellami A , Zissis G
Published: January 2016

In this paper, the dimming effects on the photometric and electric characteristics of high intensity discharge lamps supplied by a low frequency square waveform are evaluated. For this evaluation an electronic ballast is presented. The ballast consists of a current source, AC/DC converter and a full-bridge inverter. The electronic supply provides to the lamp a different form of current excitation (square waves with variable short drops). Dimming control and the characteristics of low frequency operated high intensity discharge lamps are described. The lamp is represented in a simulation by its conductance model and coupled to its electronic power supply. Experimental results are shown and compared with the simulation. A dimming range from 100% to about 60% has been achieved.
High accuracy calibration and use of power analysers for measurement of solid-state lighting devices
Authors: Bergen ASJ , Cupitt A , Cowling I , Budovsky I , Georgakopoulos D , Jenkins SE
Published: January 2016

One of the key parameters in the photometry of solid-state lighting is the measurement of the luminous efficacy of the device under test. This parameter requires not only accurate photometric measurements, but also accurate measurement of the electrical parameters of the device. It has become apparent that high-accuracy electrical measurements of lighting devices and solid-state lighting devices, in particular, are subject to much greater errors when the current waveform departs from a pure sinusoidal waveform. Key aspects influencing this are the calibration of the power analyser used for the measurement and the wiring arrangement used during the measurement. This paper describes a method of waveform-specific calibration for power analysers, and a simple, common error used in the wiring setup, which can result in significant errors.
Associations of Objectively Measured Vigorous Physical Activity With Body Composition, Cardiorespiratory Fitness, and Cardiometabolic Health in Youth: A Review
Authors: Gralla Morgan H. , McDonald Samantha M. , Breneman Charity , Beets Michael W. , Moore Justin B.
Published: January 2016

Background. Increasing evidence suggests that vigorous physical activity (VPA) in youth may yield greater health benefits than moderate (MPA) or moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA). The purpose of this review was to assess the relationship between PA intensity and body composition, cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), and cardiometabolic (CM) biomarkers in youth. Methods. We conducted a systematic review of observational studies examining PA intensity and selected health outcomes in youth aged 6 to 18 years. Forty-five articles were selected for final review. Results. VPA was more strongly associated with reduced body fat and central adiposity compared with MPA and/or MVPA. Additionally, VPA was more strongly associated with increased CRF when compared with lower intensities. Findings were inconclusive between all PA intensity levels and CM biomarkers, and several significant relationships observed for VPA were attenuated when controlling for CRF. Conclusions. A potential VPA dose is identified as yielding favorable health benefits in adiposity and fitness. While CM biomarkers were not consistently associated with PA intensity level, the literature suggests VPA may yield health benefits above those received from MPA for reduced adiposity and improved CRF. This review highlights the need for longitudinal observational and experimental studies to determine optimal VPA dose for CM health in youth.
Human Mate Poaching Tactics Are Effective
Authors: Lemay Edward Paul , Wolf Noah R.
Published: January 2016

Mate poaching refers to efforts to attract people who are already involved in committed relationships. The current dyadic, 5-week prospective study examined mate poaching behaviors in the context of opposite-sex friendships. Actors’ mate poaching behaviors predicted decreases in their friend’s commitment to their romantic partners, increases in their friend’s perceptions of actors’ mate value, and increases in their friend’s romantic desire for actors over time. These results are the first to suggest an interpersonal process in which mate poaching behaviors elicit psychological changes in targets that facilitate actors’ mate poaching goals. Furthermore, these results are the first to demonstrate the effectiveness of mate poaching tactics in friendships.
Investigation of uncomplicated recurrent urinary tract infections in women
Authors: Parsons SR , Cornish NC , Martin B , Evans SD
Published: January 2016

Background:

Recurrent urinary tract infections (UTIs) in women are common despite anatomically normal urinary tracts and are frequently referred to secondary care for further assessment.

Patients and methods:

Clinic letters and pathology reports of 244 women referred to our centre over a 2-year period with uncomplicated recurrent UTIs were reviewed to determine the investigations they underwent in both primary and secondary care.

Results:

A significant proportion of women do not meet the criteria for recurrent UTIs as their infections are not proven on culture. The majority of women undergo both renal tract ultrasound scan (USS) and flexible cystoscopy. Though USS was found to demonstrate relevant pathology, flexible cystoscopy, however, did not reveal any relevant pathology.

Conclusion:

Investigation of women with recurrent uncomplicated UTIs should be done with adequate cultures and renal tract USS.
Digital Library Education in Europe
Authors: Audunson Ragnar Andreas , Shuva Nafiz Zaman
Published: January 2016

Research in digital libraries (DLs) has gained much interest across the globe. Most funding related to DL are available for building DLs, rather than producing digital librarians by developing the DL curricula and offering necessary funding to introduce state-of-the-art DL labs for future library professionals. Based on online surveys, this article investigates the status of DL education/courses in Europe, particularly, it examines the curriculum contents of DL courses, explores the future direction of library and information science (LIS) curricula, and identifies the competitors of LIS schools in the DL world. This study received responses from 54 LIS schools/departments in 27 European countries. The results of the current study clearly show that the majority of the LIS schools have already integrated digital librarianship in their regular bachelor’s and master’s degree programs. The importance of practical aspects in DL curricula has been highlighted by the authors. The study also reports the recommended books and journals on DL, direction of LIS curricula, and the competitors of LIS schools in the digital world. A number of future research directions have been offered by the authors. The authors expect that the study will contribute to the discussions and debates toward identifying subject elements for DL courses. The top subject areas based on their importance as reported by the participants of the current study should be taken into consideration before designing curricula for DLs and before developing a Europe-wide unique LIS curriculum.
An Exploration of Effects of Bullying Victimization From a Complete Mental Health Perspective
Authors: Fullchange Aileen , Furlong Michael J.
Published: January 2016

This study explored the effects of being bullied from a dual-factor lens, specifically examining the relation between victimization and constructs that contribute to social-emotional well-being. Prior to carrying out the main analyses, the factor structure of self-report items related to experiencing bullying and harassment from the California Healthy Kids Survey, which was administered to more than 14,000 high school students, was examined to establish that these items represent an overall factor: students’ experience of victimization. This factor was then used as an independent variable in a series of planned comparisons with a dependent variable represented by constructs addressed by the Social Emotional Health Survey–Secondary: belief-in-self, emotional competence, belief-in-others, and engaged living. With increased frequency of victimization, suicidality increased and belief-in-others decreased. For other constructs, belief-in-self, engaged living, and depression, there were significant differences found between individuals who had experienced frequencies of bullying as low as less than once a month and those who did not experience bullying at all but no further detrimental impacts were seen with even higher frequencies of victimization, indicating that being victimized at all is significantly worse than not being victimized for these variables. Implications and future directions for research are explored.
CARE
Authors: Siu Kin Wai Michael
Published: January 2016

Over the past 20 years, an increasing number of emergency aid products for personal and family purposes have become available on the market. However, little attention has been focused on public facilities. This article is based on a joint design research project conducted by teams from Hong Kong, the United States, and the Chinese mainland. It is review in nature with the supplement of empirical fieldwork findings. Fieldwork was conducted in Wenchuan of China after an earthquake. Other cases include earthquakes (e.g., those in Japan, Taiwan, and mainland China) and floods (e.g., those in the United States and on the mainland China) were also reviewed as supplementary reference for the analysis. The article reviews the importance, design, and management of public post-disaster emergency aid facilities. It focuses on how the facilities can be designed and managed to achieve a better public living environment for victims immediately after disasters. It also aims to discuss how to maximize the cost-effectiveness of resources and benefits to victims and enhance recovery times. The key findings of the research show that it is necessary to have the provision of better-quality public post-disaster emergency facilities for victims who suffer immediately after disasters. A new approach of the directions and considerations in design and management called CARE, that is, comfort, accessibility, rapid, and effectiveness, is identified and discussed.
African Americans’ Perceptions of Adherence to Medications and Lifestyle Changes Prescribed to Treat Hypertension
Authors: Pettey Christina M. , McSweeney Jean C. , Stewart Katharine E. , Cleves Mario A. , Price Elvin T. , Heo Seongkum , Souder Elaine
Published: January 2016

More than 80 million Americans have hypertension (HTN), and African Americans (AAs) are disproportionately affected. AAs also have lower rates of adherence to HTN treatment. It is important to understand AAs’ perceptions of adherence to develop effective interventions. The aim of this study is to examine AAs’ perceptions of adherence to medications and lifestyle changes prescribed to treat HTN. In this qualitative study, we used purposive sampling to recruit Southern AAs with HTN aged 21 and older from a free, faith-based clinic. We recorded individual, in-person interviews about perceptions related to adherence to treatment of HTN and analyzed verbatim transcripts using content analysis and constant comparison. We also conducted medical record audits. Twenty-nine AAs participated (52% female, 38% were <50 years of age, 52% had taken anti-HTN medications for ≥5 years). Audits indicated that 65% had uncontrolled HTN during the previous year. Two main themes included causes of HTN and ways to improve blood pressure. Perceived causes of HTN included diet, stress, unhealthy actions, genes, and obesity. Ways to improve HTN included using cultural treatments “passed down,” increasing exercise, reducing stress, and losing weight. Many reported using home remedies to control HTN, including drinking pickle juice. More than half of this sample had uncontrolled HTN. They identified influences of culture on perceptions of adherence including causes and treatment of HTN, and possibly detrimental home remedies. It is imperative that clinicians identify culturally appropriate interventions for this high-risk group.
The Empty Chair Appointment
Authors: Long Jody , Sakauye Ken , Chisty Khaja , Upton John
Published: January 2016

The objective was to test an intervention to reduce failed rates for psychiatric appointments. We collected data for this study of the characteristics of patients who missed appointments from March 2011 through September 2012. A phone triage assessment intervention was implemented to address chronic first-time failed attendance appointments ( N = 78). The main reason for failed appointments was transportation difficulties. The first-time appointment show rate increased after implementing an assessment intervention. Phone assessment intervention was practical and may improve nonattendance for psychiatric appointments. The discussion reflects speculations about causes and possible measures to make services more accessible.
Mutations in AP3D1 associated with immunodeficiency and seizures define a new type of Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome
Authors: Ammann Sandra , Schulz Ansgar , Krägeloh-Mann Ingeborg , Dieckmann Nele M. G. , Niethammer Klaus , Fuchs Sebastian , Eckl Katja Martina , Plank Roswitha , Werner Roland , Altmüller Janine , Thiele Holger , Nürnberg Peter , Bank Julia , Strauss Anne , von Bernuth Horst , zur Stadt Udo , Grieve Samantha , Griffiths Gillian M. , Lehmberg Kai , Hennies Hans Christian , Ehl Stephan
Published: January 2016

Key Points

A phenotype with albinism, early-onset seizures, neurodevelopmental delay, infection susceptibility, and neutropenia is caused by AP3D1 mutations. AP3δ deficiency destabilizes the AP3 complex and defines a novel type of Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome with severe neurologic involvement.
Low-cost virtual reality environment for engineering and construction
Authors: Hilfert Thomas , König Markus
Published: January 2016

Background

Presenting significant building or engineering 3D-models is a crucial part of the planning, construction and maintenance phases in terms of collaboration and understanding. Especially in complex or large-scale models, immersion is one of the major key factors for being able to intuitively perceive all aspects of the scene. A fully immersive system needs to give the user a large field-of-view with reduced latency for lifelike impression. Technologies such as VRwalls and shutter glasses can deliver high refresh rates, yet fail to give a large field-of-view. Head-mounted-devices for virtual reality fill this gap. Head tracking mechanisms translate movements of the user’s head into virtual camera movements and enable a natural way of examining models. Unlike a stereoscopic representation with projectors, point-of-view tracking can be achieved separately for each individual user. Hardware costs for such systems were very high in the past, but have dropped due to virtual reality systems now gaining traction in the mainstream gaming community.

Methods

In this paper we present a way to build a low-cost, highly immersive virtual reality environment for engineering and construction applications. Furthermore, we present a method to simplify and partly automate the process of reusing digital building models, which are already used in construction, to create virtual scenes, instead of having to do parallel content creation for visualization. Using the Oculus Rift head-mounted display and the Leap Motion hand-tracking device, we show the possibilities of naturally interacting within a virtual space in different use cases. The software, based on the popular game engine Unreal Engine 4, will be used as a basis for further research and development.

Results

Building Information Modeling data can be imported to UE4 with our presented plugin. Using an automated database for mapping materials to the geometry simplifies the process of importing Building Information Modeling entities. The refresh rate of the system stays within acceptable margins needed for virtual reality applications using head-mounted devices.

Conclusions

Head-mounted devices present a great potential for the Architecture, Engineering and Construction industry, as a person can experience realistic first-person situations without having to care about injuries. Automated processes for the simplification of content creation, leveraging existing models, and the usage of visual programming languages enable even nonprogrammers to create scenarios to their needs.
The need for community inclusion in water basin governance in Bangladesh
Authors: Anwar Hossen M. , Wagner John R.
Published: January 2016

In this paper we focus on the principle of community inclusion in water and ecological resource governance and document the negative impacts of its absence, in Chapra village, Bangladesh, on sustainable development and livelihood security. This community depends heavily on common property resources such as wild plant foods, fish and ‘natural’ crop fertilizers derived from river siltation and other sources. For the vast majority of people in Chapra, these common ecological resources create the ability to effectively match livelihood strategies to the conditions of both dry and rainy seasons. However, this socioecological livelihood pattern is increasingly undermined by the hydropolitics and top–down water management practices that prevail throughout the Ganges–Brahmaputra Basin in Bangladesh. These practices lead to ecosystem failures and ecological resource degradation which in turn cause survival challenges for the marginalized people who constitute the vast majority of the population. In this paper we explicitly seek to answer the question: how might community inclusion in governance processes help protect ecological integrity and common property resources and thereby support an alternative and more sustainable form of development for the region? In order to answer this question we first document the nature of livelihood practices in Chapra, based on 1 year of fieldwork, and then outline the mismatch that now occurs between livelihood practices, ecological characteristics and governance practices. We conclude with the argument that greater community inclusion in governance must be part of the solution to existing problems and we propose specific governance reform measures to facilitate community inclusion.
Overview and potential unifying themes of the atypical chemokine receptor family
Authors: Vacchini Alessandro , Locati Massimo , Borroni Elena Monica
Published: January 2016

Chemokines modulate immune responses through their ability to orchestrate the migration of target cells. Chemokines directly induce cell migration through a distinct set of 7 transmembrane domain G protein-coupled receptors but are also recognized by a small subfamily of atypical chemokine receptors, characterized by their inability to support chemotactic activity. Atypical chemokine receptors are now emerging as crucial regulatory components of chemokine networks in a wide range of physiologic and pathologic contexts. Although a new nomenclature has been approved recently to reflect their functional distinction from their conventional counterparts, a systematic view of this subfamily is still missing. This review discusses their biochemical and immunologic properties to identify potential unifying themes in this emerging family.
Maternal Vitamin D Deficiency Programs Reproductive Dysfunction in Female Mice Offspring Through Adverse Effects on the Neuroendocrine Axis
Authors: Nicholas Cari , Davis Joseph , Fisher Thomas , Segal Thalia , Petti Marilena , Sun Yan , Wolfe Andrew , Neal-Perry Genevieve
Published: January 2016

Vitamin D (VitD) deficiency affects more than 1 billion people worldwide with a higher prevalence in reproductive-aged women and children. The physiological effects of maternal VitD deficiency on the reproductive health of the offspring has not been studied. To determine whether maternal VitD deficiency affects reproductive physiology in female offspring, we monitored the reproductive physiology of C57BL/6J female offspring exposed to diet-induced maternal VitD deficiency at three specific developmental stages: 1) in utero, 2) preweaning, or 3) in utero and preweaning. We hypothesized that exposure to maternal VitD deficiency disrupts reproductive function in exposed female offspring. To test this hypothesis, we assessed vaginal opening and cytology and ovary and pituitary function as well as gonadotropin and gonadal steroid levels in female offspring. The in utero, preweaning, and in utero and preweaning VitD deficiency did not affect puberty. However, all female mice exposed to maternal VitD deficiency developed prolonged and irregular estrous cycles characterized by oligoovulation and extended periods of diestrus. Despite similar gonadal steroid levels and GnRH neuron density, females exposed to maternal VitD deficiency released less LH on the evening of proestrus. When compared with control female offspring, there was no significant difference in the ability of females exposed to maternal VitD deficiency to respond robustly to exogenous GnRH peptide or controlled ovarian hyperstimulation. These findings suggest that maternal VitD deficiency programs reproductive dysfunction in adult female offspring through adverse effects on hypothalamic function.
Lymphoepithelial cyst as a herald of HIV seropositivity in a patient with known history of neurocysticercosis and suspected parotid cysticercosis
Authors: Alexander Alan , Hunter Kyle , Wasdahl Daniel , Markovic Michael
Published: January 2016

Among those with acquired immune deficiency syndrome, salivary gland pathology and other less common signs of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) seropositivity are emerging. Generally speaking, lymphoepithelial lesions of the parotid gland are uncommon with a reported incidence of 0.6%, but they are beginning to overtake other oral lesions such as candidiasis as predominant oral manifestations of clinical HIV infection. Here, we describe a patient with a known history of neurocysticercosis with presumed extracranial cysticercosis as demonstrated by the clinical manifestation of bilateral parotid gland swelling and a ring-enhancing, hypodense lesion of the left parotid gland on CT. He was found to have a lymphoepithelial cyst arising in a lobe of the left parotid gland per pathological evaluation after left superficial parotidectomy, and this served as the initial sign of HIV positivity, which was confirmed by serological studies.
Case Report: Acute obstructive hydrocephalus associated with infratentorial extra-axial fluid collection following foramen magnum decompression and durotomy for Chiari malformation type I
Authors: Munakomi Sunil , Bhattarai Binod , Chaudhary Pramod
Published: January 2016

Acute obstructive hydrocephalus due to infratentorial extra-axial fluid collection (EAFC) is an extremely rare complication of foramen magnum decompression (FMD) and durotomy for Chiari malformation type I. Presence of infratentorial  EAFC invariably causes obstruction at the level of the fourth ventricle or aqueduct of Silvius, thereby indicating its definitive role in hydrocephalus. Pathogenesis of EAFC is said to be a local arachnoid tear as a result of durotomy, as this complication is not described in FMD without durotomy. Controversy exists in management. Usually EAFC is said to resolve with conservative management; so hydrocephalus doesn’t require treatment. However, in this case EAFC was progressive and ventriculo-peritoneal shunting (VPS) was needed for managing progressive and symptomatic hydrocephalus.
Attitudes to contralateral risk reducing mastectomy among breast and plastic surgeons in England
Authors: Basu NN , Littlechild S , Barr L , Ross GL , Evans DG
Published: January 2016

Introduction

Rates of contralateral risk reducing mastectomy (CRRM) are rising despite a paucity of data to support this practice. Surgeons work as part of the multidisciplinary team (MDT). They may counsel women on these requests without the benefit of established guidelines or agreed protocol. This study assessed the practices and perceptions of breast and plastic surgeons in England on CRRM.

Methods

A postal questionnaire was sent to 455 breast and 364 plastic surgeons practising in England. Basic demographics, trends in CRRM, risk assessment, role of the MDT and knowledge base were assessed.

Results

The response rate among breast surgeons was 48.3% (220/455) and 12.6% (46/364) among plastic surgeons. Nearly half (44%) of the respondents felt there had been an increase in rates of CRRM over the last three years. Seventy-one per cent of those surveyed performed 1–5 CRRMs annually while sixteen per cent did not perform this procedure at all. A third (32%) of respondents correctly quoted their patients an annual risk of 0.5–0.7%. Funding was refused in 4% of cases and 43% of the surgeons felt that in the future they would have to apply to relevant clinical commissioning groups. Over half (58%) of all respondents reported that decisions for CRRM are always discussed in the MDT meeting but 6% stated that these cases are never discussed by the MDT. BRCA mutation was perceived as the main risk factor for contralateral breast cancer by 81% of respondents. Surgeons felt that women requested CRRM mainly to alleviate anxiety. The next most common reasons were carriage of BRCA mutation and a desire to have reconstructions match.

Conclusions

A wide variation of surgical practices and perceptions exist in assessing women for CRRM. Guidelines to standardise practices are required.
Retos de la comunicación política 2.0 en una sociedad que envejece
Authors: Rodríguez Andrés Roberto
Published: January 2016

En estos inicios del siglo XXI, las nuevas tecnologías y las redes sociales han conllevado importantes cambios en la comunicación política, uno de los ámbitos de mayor desarrollo dentro de la comunicación organizacional. Los partidos cuentan con nuevas herramientas para interrelacionarse con los ciudadanos y éstos han recobrado protagonismo gracias a un modelo en el que prima la participación y el diálogo. Pero esta nueva comunicación política 2.0, que tanta atención está suscitando entre académicos y profesionales, no está alcanzando por igual a todos los tramos de edad, ya que las generaciones más mayores aún no se han introducido plenamente en el mundo digital y están siendo excluidas de estas nuevas formas de comunicación, algo contradictorio si se piensa que, debido al progresivo envejecimiento de la población, se están convirtiendo en el principal nicho electoral. Con estas premisas, en el presente artículo se tratarán de analizar los retos que se le presentan a la comunicación política 2.0 para acercarse a este colectivo tan decisivo en las urnas.
Desajustes entre la audiencia televisiva infantil y los horarios de protección
Authors: Gómez Amigo Santiago
Published: January 2016

La ley audiovisual reconoce que el público infantil necesita una atención especial por parte de las televisiones y reserva unos horarios de protección reforzada en los que se deben vigilar los contenidos. Este artículo analiza si hay correlación entre esos horarios y el consumo real que hacen los espectadores de 4 a 12 años. A través de los datos de audiencia facilitados por Kantar Media se investiga de forma exhaustiva y comparada en qué momentos hay más niños viendo la televisión, qué cadenas ven y cuáles son sus contenidos preferidos. Se concluye que la segunda hora del día con mayor presencia de niños  frente al televisor (de 22:00 a 23:00) se encuentra fuera del horario protegido. Los canales más vistos por el público infantil son Clan, Boing y Disney, con datos muy superiores a los demás. Pero los niños, escogen su propio menú audiovisual: se concentran en los canales específicos en las franjas protegidas y buscan otro tipo de contenidos en los momentos de mayor consumo. También destaca que los niños acompañados por adultos consumen más los canales generalistas que aquellos que lo hacen sin presencia de mayores.
La realidad de la telerrealidad: escáner de una sociedad (hiper) televisiva
Authors: Escudero Manchado Lara , Gabelas Barroso José Antonio
Published: January 2016

En las últimas décadas, la prácticamente recién nacida telerrealidad inunda las televisiones de todo el mundo. En España, se consagra como producto/género estrella dentro de las parrillas. Supera incluso el centenar de espacios emitidos. El fenómeno va in crecendo, y ya es calificado de (hiper) género ¿Qué nos deparará el futuro? A pesar de su ferviente éxito, la telerrealidad está continuamente envuelta en polémica: en forma y fondo. El estudio de las audiencias en relación con sus consumos mediáticos se ha convertido en importante objeto de análisis, a lo que esta investigación precisa sumarse. Un exhaustivo estudio de la incesante mutación taxonómica. Una radiografía de lo que fue y lo que ha llegado a ser; la metarred constituida por los ingentes volúmenes de negocio que genera per se y el destape cuantitativo y cualitativo de los motivos de su proliferación y elevada aceptación en las audiencias. Desde ahí partimos. Tras las conclusiones recabadas, abrimos el debate: ¿qué modelo de televisión queremos? Continúa la discusión acerca de la capacidad selectiva de las audiencias, pero sin abandonar los efectos que ciertos programas ejercen sobre esta. Efectos que podrían tornarse positivos si las mediaciones actuaran en conjunto hacia nuevos y eficaces sistemas educomunicativos.
Accreditation process in European countries – an EFLM survey
Authors: Boursier Guilaine , Vukasovic Ines , Brguljan Pika Mesko , Lohmander Maria , Ghita Irina , Bernabeu Andreu Francisco A. , Barrett Edward , Brugnoni Duilio , Kroupis Christos , Sprongl Ludek , Thelen Marc H.M. , Vanstapel Florent , Vodnik Tatjana , Huisman Willem , Vaubourdolle Michel , on behalf of the Working Group Accr
Published: January 2016

Accreditation is a valuable resource for medical laboratories. The development of quality systems based on ISO 15189 has taken place in many laboratories in the European countries but data about accreditation remain scarce. The EFLM Working Group “Accreditation and ISO/CEN standards” conducted a survey that reviews the current state of the accreditation process in European countries.

An on-line questionnaire was addressed to delegates of 39 EFLM scientific societies in March 2014. One answer by country was taken into account. The survey was dealing with mandatory status, number of accredited medical laboratories in each country, possibility of flexible scope and concerned medical fields. The status of point-of-care testing (POCT) in each country was also studied.

Twenty-nine responses (74%) were registered. All the assessed countries (100%) have begun an accreditation process in various ways. All the national accreditation bodies (NAB) offer or are working to offer an ISO 15189 accreditation. The accreditation process most often concerns all phases of the examination and various medical fields. Medical laboratories are responsible for POCT in 20 (69%) countries. The accreditation process for POCT, according to ISO 15189 and ISO 22870, is also developing.

While there are several variations in the approaches to accreditation of medical laboratories in the European countries, the ISO 15189 accreditation project has been widely accepted. The use of a unique standard and the cooperation among countries due to scientific societies, EFLM, accreditation bodies and EA enable laboratory professionals to move toward uniform implementation of the accreditation concept.
Intramyocellular fat storage in metabolic diseases
Authors: Laurens Claire , Moro Cedric
Published: January 2016

Over the past decades, obesity and its metabolic co-morbidities such as type 2 diabetes (T2D) developed to reach an endemic scale. However, the mechanisms leading to the development of T2D are still poorly understood. One main predictor for T2D seems to be lipid accumulation in “non-adipose” tissues, best known as ectopic lipid storage. A growing body of data suggests that these lipids may play a role in impairing insulin action in metabolic tissues, such as liver and skeletal muscle. This review aims to discuss recent literature linking ectopic lipid storage and insulin resistance, with emphasis on lipid deposition in skeletal muscle. The link between skeletal muscle lipid content and insulin sensitivity, as well as the mechanisms of lipid-induced insulin resistance and potential therapeutic strategies to alleviate lipotoxic lipid pressure in skeletal muscle will be discussed.
Systemic approach to the development of green chemistry
Authors: Tarasova Natalia P. , Makarova Anna S. , Ingel Faina I.
Published: January 2016

The development of chemistry is closely related to the sustainable development of human civilization. The problems of exposure to chemicals on the human body are complex. Humans are potentially more susceptible to the damaging effects of chemical pollution if they are in a weakened physical or mental state (already in a state of physical or mental stress). One of the approaches, that simultaneously addresses both of the above mentioned issues, is the green chemistry concept. Governmental regulation should be seen as a framework mechanism. We see great potential in using the principles of green chemistry in the framework of the Responsible Care program. Green chemistry is a tool for the sustainable development of chemistry and the chemical industry.
Sattjeni: Daughter, Wife and Mother of the Governors of Elephantine during the End of the Twelfth Dynasty
Authors: Sánchez-León Juan Carlos , Jiménez-Serrano Alejandro
Published: January 2016

For the last six years a multidisciplinary team of the Universidad de Jaén has been working in some of the funerary complexes of the second half of the Twelfth Dynasty in Qubbet el-Hawa. The present paper analyzes new material found in the funerary complex called QH33 and dated to that period. One of the new pieces of evidence is a ceramic with a hieratic inscription in which is mentioned a certain woman named Sattjeni and described with the title of “Daughter of ḥꜢtj-Ꜣ”. This personage also appears in other funerary contexts, which allows us to reconstruct the genealogy and history of the rulers of Elephantine during the Late Twelfth Dynasty.
Bureaucratic Norms and State Capacity in India
Authors: Mangla Akshay
Published: January 2016

Himachal Pradesh outperforms other Indian states in implementing universal primary education. Through comparative field research, this article finds that bureaucratic norms—unwritten rules that guide public officials—influence how well state agencies deliver services for the poor. The findings call attention to the informal, everyday practices that generate state capacity.
Sriracha: Lessons from the Legal Troubles of a Popular Hot Sauce
Authors: Hernández-López Ernesto
Published: January 2016

This essay describes the recent “Sriracha Apocalypse” dispute between Huy Fong Foods, maker of the popular hot sauce Sriracha, and Irwindale, California. For six months, the world watched as it appeared that Huy Fong’s new plant would be legally shut down by this tiny Los Angeles suburb. Irwindale argued that odors and fumes from the grinding of jalapeño peppers to make Sriracha were creating a public nuisance. This seemed odd, considering that Irwindale had eagerly invited Huy Fong to relocate its chile-grinding operations to their community and that air-quality regulators had not found a problem. The essay highlights three important lessons from this spicy legal drama regarding food and place, the legality of foodways, and California’s role in these contemporary food debates.
Waste, Incorporated
Authors: Watanabe Chika
Published: January 2016

This article explores how human and animal waste are circulated back into the environment in an agricultural training center in Myanmar operated by a Shinto-based Japanese NGO. Following the Shinto-inspired ecological visions of the organization, I translate Japanese aid workers’ use of the term junkangata shakai (“material-cycle society”) in an idiosyncratic way as “circulatory sociality.” I argue that the importance of the circulation of waste in this training center lay in the making of intimate relations amidst a disciplinary lifestyle as the path to a sustainable future. Thus, belonging to and participating in the intimate and totalizing experiences of a sustainable environment created not only a potential alternative to environmentally harmful human practices, but also new forms of sociality that could usher in a sustainable world. This case shows how practices of sustainability are not simply about changing production and consumption systems, but can demand profound transformations in social relations and personhood.
Facciosismo, Rachas Intrapartidários e Capacidade Decisória na Democracia Brasileira de 1946
Authors: Zulini Jaqueline Porto
Published: January 2016

A literatura aponta o facciosismo como norma do sistema partidário vigente à democracia de 1946, supostamente governada por coalizões parlamentares concebidas ad hoc. O propósito deste artigo é questionar o impacto dos rachas político-ideológicos no Legislativo via exame das votações ocorridas na Câmara Federal desde a instauração liberal até o final do regime, que mostram ser incomum a base governista necessitar de auxílio externo para aprovar a própria agenda. Veremos que somente nas gestões Vargas e Kubitschek as contribuições da oposição se fizeram capitais na passagem dos programas presidenciais, tendo as metas varguistas dependido mais deste subsídio. A hipótese desenvolvida é que o êxito governamental, em geral, dependia do uso estratégico da verificação de quorum, um procedimento regimental capaz de publicizar a divisão de forças no plenário de maneira a viabilizar a coordenação da própria coalizão no poder.
Mujeres trabajadoras con dolor crónico osteomuscular: análisis de caso
Authors: Ordóñez-Hernández Cecilia Andrea , Contreras-Estrada Mónica Isabel , Soltero-Avelar Ruben
Published: January 2016

Resumen El objetivo de este estudio fue conocer las experiencias de mujeres trabajadoras con dolor crónico osteomuscular. El diseño fue cualitativo con enfoque fenomenológico. La técnica utilizada fue entrevista en profundidad, realizada a cinco mujeres trabajadoras que consultaron por dolor osteomuscular mayor a 6 meses en los servicios de ortopedia y neurocirugía de un hospital en Guadalajara, México. Se encontró percepción de rechazo, segregación, discriminación y falta de apoyo en su ambiente laboral a causa de su dolor, y sentimientos de frustración e impotencia relacionados con su padecimiento de salud. Se percibe como barrera la mala percepción del personal de la salud y la falta de eficiencia en los procesos de incapacidad, reintegración y reubicación laboral. Las responsabilidades económicas y familiares son la principal motivación para continuar trabajando con la presencia de dolor osteomuscular crónico.
Micro-CT Evaluation of Non-instrumented Canal Areas with Different Enlargements Performed by NiTi Systems
Authors: De-Deus Gustavo , Belladonna Felipe Gonçalves , Silva Emmanuel João Nogueira Leal , Marins Juliana Roter , Souza Erick Miranda , Perez Renata , Lopes Ricardo Tadeu , Versiani Marco Aurélio , Paciornik Sidnei , Neves Aline de Almeida
Published: January 2016

The aim of this study was to compare the percentage of non-instrumented area of root canals prepared with different enlargements using single-file reciprocating systems (Reciproc and WaveOne) and a conventional multi-file rotary (BioRaCe) system by micro-computed tomographic analysis. Thirty mesial roots of mandibular molars with moderate curvature (10° to 20°) presenting a type II Vertucci canal configuration and similar internal volume were chosen and scanned at an isotropic resolution of 14.16 µm. The sample was assigned to 3 groups (n=10) according to the system used for root canal preparation: Reciproc, WaveOne, and BioRaCe groups. Second and third scans were taken after the canals were prepared with instruments sizes 25 and 40, respectively. The recorded images of the surface area voxels of the canals, before and after preparation were examined from the furcation level to the apex to quantify the non-instrumented surface. Statistical data were compared using GLM for repeated-measures with a significance level set at 5%. Instrumentation systems did not influence the percentage of untouched root canal surfaces (p=0.690) whilst a significant reduction in the percentage of static voxels was observed after the enlargement of the root canal (p=0.010) in all groups (p=0.507). None of the systems was able to prepare the entire surface area of the mesial root canal of mandibular molars. The increased final apical size resulted in a significant positive effect on the shaping ability of the tested systems.
Effectiveness of Combination of Dentin and Enamel Layers on the Masking Ability of Porcelain
Authors: Boscato Noéli , Hauschild Fernando Gabriel , Kaizer Marina da Rosa , Moraes Rafael Ratto de
Published: January 2016

This study evaluated the masking ability of different porcelain thicknesses and combination of enamel and/or dentin porcelain layers over simulated background dental substrates with higher (A2) and lower (C4) color values. Combination of the enamel (E) and dentin (D) monolayer porcelain disks with different thicknesses (0.5 mm, 0.8 mm, and 1 mm) resulted in the following bilayer groups (n=10): D1E1, D1E0.8; D1E0.5; D0.8E0.8; D0.8E0.5, and D0.5E0.5. CIELAB color coordinates were measured with a spectrophotometer. The translucency parameter of mono and bilayer specimens and the masking ability estimated by color variation (ΔE*ab) of bilayer specimens over simulated dental substrates were evaluated. Linear regression analysis was used to investigate the relationships translucency parameter × ΔE*, translucency parameter × porcelain thickness, and ΔE* × porcelain thickness. Data were analyzed statistically (α= 0.05). Thinner porcelain disks were associated with higher translucency. Porcelain monolayers were considerably more translucent than bilayers (enamel + dentin). Dentin porcelain was less translucent than enamel porcelain with same thickness. ΔE* was always lower when measured over A2 background. Higher ΔE* was observed for the C4 background, indicating poorer masking ability. Increased ΔE* was significantly associated with increased translucency for both backgrounds. Decreased translucency and ΔE* were associated with increased total porcelain thickness or increased dentin thickness for both backgrounds. In conclusion, increased porcelain thickness (particularly increased dentin layer) and increased porcelain opacity resulted in better masking ability of the dental backgrounds.
Uma medida de apego: versão brasileira da Experiences in Close Relationship Scale - Reduzida (ECR-R-Brasil)
Authors: Natividade Jean Carlos , Shiramizu Victor Kenji Medeiros
Published: January 2016

Resumo: Os objetivos desta pesquisa foram adaptar e buscar evidências de validade para a população brasileira da versão reduzida da Experience in Close Relationship. Após procedimentos de tradução dos 12 itens, o instrumento foi respondido por 4.879 adultos de todas as regiões do país, 66% mulheres. Análises fatoriais exploratórias e confirmatórias evidenciaram a adequação da estrutura de dois fatores, em consonância com o estudo original. Os índices de consistência interna dos fatores "ansiedade" e "evitação" mostraram-se satisfatórios. Encontraram-se resultados de diferenças sexuais e correlações com tempo de relacionamento e níveis de sociossexualidade de acordo com as hipóteses teóricas e muito semelhantes aos encontrados para a versão brasileira da medida estendida. Ainda, a escala foi capaz de diferenciar participantes que estavam em relacionamento compromissado daqueles em relacionamento sem compromisso. Considera-se que as evidências de validade e fidedignidade encontradas para a ECR-R-Brasil mostraram-se satisfatórias.