bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
METHOD FOR CONSTRUCTION OF ISOCHRONDIAGRAMS OF HIGH-STRENGTH STEEL FIBER CONCRETE AND ITS MATRIX
Authors:   Research Institute of Building Physics RAABS, MOISEENKO G.A.
Published: December 2020

High-strength steel fiber concrete, made on the basis of fine-grained high-strength concrete, is a quite promising building material, in particular, for the construction of high-rise buildings and structures of increased massiveness. The introduction of steel fiber into the concrete matrix can significantly reduce the influence of such shortcomings of fine-grained concrete as increased fragility and explosive nature of fracture, and also positively affects the tensile properties of concrete. However, the widespread use of high-strength steel fiber concrete is currently limited, among other things, by the lack of an experimentally relied normative framework for this material. The proposed article aims to bridge this gap. Modern engineering trends are aimed at introducing into practice diagram methods of calculation based on real diagrams of material deformation under load. This article describes the technique of constructing isochron diagrams for fine-grained high-strength concrete and steel fiber concrete with disperse reinforcement in the amount of 1.5% by weight, made from Russian-made components. Isochron diagrams allow you to calculate the deformation of the material depending on the level of load at any time, including during prolonged loading. There have been made changes to the existing methodology, allowing to take into account the nonlinearity of both current and ultimate creep characteristics depending on the level of loading. The proposed theoretical dependences give good convergence with the experimental data.
THE INFLUENCE OF PLASTIC STRAINS ON THE DEPTH OF OPEN RESIDUAL CRACKS IN COMPRESSED ZONE PF CONCRETE
Authors:   National Research Moscow State University of Civil Engineering, KURNAVINA S.O. , TSATSULIN I.V. ,   National Research Moscow State University of Civil Engineering
Published: December 2020

A significant part of the territory of Russian Federation refers to seismically dangerous areas. In the current code in design of reinforced concrete buildings for seismic loads the development of plastic strains is supposed. They are taken into account while determining loads by introduction of reducing factor K1, but their influence on the strength of elements is neglected. Plastic strains of reinforcement lead to appearance of residual cracks in compressed zone of concrete and due to this the reduction of bearing capacity of bending elements takes place on following loading cycles. The approximate method of determination of the depth of open cracks and of the residual height of sections when changing the sign of internal forces after reaching the maximum deflection has been proposed. The depth of residual crack is determined from the condition of equilibrium of longitudinal forces with regard to stress-strain state of a section at three stages of loading: at a moment of achievement of maximum plastic strains, at the unloading stage and at a moment of the beginning of crack formation after changing the sign of internal forces. The comparison of results obtained by the approximate method and results of calculation of finite elements model of a beam has been carried out.
PHYSICAL BASIS OF CONCRETE DURABILITY AT LOW SUBZERO TEMPERATURES (PART 2)
Authors:   Research Institute of Building Physics of Russian Academy of Architecture and Construction Sciences, YARMAKOVSKY V.N. , KADIEV D.Z. ,   Research Institute of Building Physics of Russian Academy of Architecture and Construction Sciences
Published: December 2020

Generalization and analysis of scientific hypotheses and theories of domestic and foreign researchers in the field of the frost action mechanism on concrete has been performed. A critical author's assessment of them from the point of view of the basics of physical chemistry of silicates and solid state physics is presented. The initial prerequisites for the frost resistance of heavy concrete and equal-strength structural light concrete in connection with their structure are formulated, including of this article author's targeted experimental studies on the relationship of the frost resistance of these concretes with their pore structure. Thermodynamic models of freezing-thawing of water, including its adsorption layers in capillaries of cement materials porous structures are used. The data of studies of the critical degree of water saturation of concrete are considered and a reasonable assessment of it is given as an integral characteristic that determines the possibility of formation of micro- and then macro-defects in the concrete structure during its cyclic freezing and thawing. Based on the results of analytical and experimental studies, using the basic principles of physics of the solid state, as well as the physical and physical-chemistry of silicates, has been developed the physical-chemical basis for the resistance of structural lightweight concrete in comparison with equally strong normal weight concrete to the effects of low (up to minus 70 °C) subzero temperatures. The results of this work are considered by the authors as a modern scientific basis for the development of the main provisions of the technology for manufacturing structural lightweight and normal weight concretes with high durability (frost resistance and water resistance), intended for reinforced concrete structures of engineering constructions, operated in severe climatic conditions, including in the conditions of the Arctic coast.
CONNECTION BETWIN FRACTAL DIMENSION OF THE CONCRETE FRACTURE SURFACE AND MECHANICS OF DESTRUCTION CHARACTERISTICS
Authors:   LLC Techrecon, SHAPIRO G.I.
Published: December 2020

As it was found previously, the concrete fracture surface formed from tensile force is described by fractal geometry methods. It is shown thatthe fractal dimension value is related to the tensile stress gradient φ_i, to the aggregate size and, as shown earlier, does not depend on the strength of concrete. Moreover, the fractal dimension depends on the size of the sample only until its size reaches a value to which linear fracture mechanics is applicable. The stress intensity factor is related to the fractal dimension, and both characteristics are related to the aggregate size. A connection for the critical stress intensity factor K_Ic^f(l,φ_i) characterizing the crack resistance of the material in nonlinear fracture mechanics with the crack size l and the specimenis proposed. The stress intensity factor for a fractal crack K_Ic^f(l,φ_i) can be used to calculate structures using nonlinear fracture mechanics.
ECOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF THE MICROCLIMATE IN RESIDENTIAL AND PUBLIC BUILDINGS
Authors:   Scientific – Research Institute of Building Physics of the Russian Academy of Architecture and Construction Sciences (RAACS), VOLKOVA N.G. , TSESHKOVSKAYA E.Y. ,   Scientific – Research Institute of Building Physics of the Russian Academy of Architecture and Construction Sciences (RAACS)
Published: December 2020

The quality of the indoor environment depends on the comfort and safety of people living inside. Scientists are working to overcome the negative impact of the environment on the population in the cities. Nevertheless, the existing residential areas of the country often do not meet today’s environmental hygienic requirements. When choosing building constructive solutions and microclimate support systems for buildings, it is necessary to take into account the factors leading to the entry of harmful substances that pose a real threat to the health and life of people. Intensive use in residential construction of new polymer materials and other impacts on the internal environment of buildings can lead to a decrease in the quality of the internal environment of the buildings. It is crucial to take into consideration these factors when choosing building solutions and creating comfort with engineering systems providing the microclimate of buildings.
Pengaruh Pihak Ketiga, Biaya Operasional Pendapatan Operasional dan Kredit terhadap Kinerja Keuangan pada Sektor Perbankan di Bursa Efek Indonesia
Authors: Hotang Noni Irma , Munte Rupiwita , Simanjuntak Serevina
Published: December 2020

The study was conducted to examine Third Party Funds, Operational Costs, Operational Income and Loans Disbursed on Financial Performance in the banking sector listed on the Indonesian Stock Exchange for the period 2015-2017. The sampling system used was saturated sampling. This study obtained a sample of 26 companies and then multiplied by 3 years of the test period, the total number of samples obtained was 78 data, which were analyzed in this study using annual financial reports taken from multiple linear regression research methods, classical assumption test and hypothesis test using the F test and T test using the SPSS program. Which parties to Third Party Funds, Operating Costs Operating Income (BOPO) and Loans Distributed simultaneously have a significant effect on financial performance to banking companies, through this research it could be that Third Party Funds, Operational Income Operational Costs (BOPO) and Loans Disbursed by the variables studied was 2.7% and the remaining 9.3% was presented by other factors, for example: EAR, LAR, NPL, Company Size, DER, Credit Ratio and other variables.
Manusia Dan Teknologi: Perilaku Interaksi Interpersonal Sebelum dan Sesudah Media Digtal
Authors: Tiar Sirait Ferdinand Eskol
Published: December 2020

This article aims to examine the behavior of interpersonal interactions before and after digital media. The method of scientific articles uses descriptive qualitative methods through literature study, namely research based on literature studies and analysis of the development of problems in society. This study concludes that with interpersonal communication a person is more interested, so that creative ideas will grow for self-development. The presence of social media not only has an impact on interpersonal communication but also has an impact on interpersonal relationships. Social media has changed the attitude and style of a person, people who are initially friendly will experience changes to be ignorant of their surroundings because their attention has been diverted to social media. Changes in social relationships or changes as a balance (equilibrium) of social relations and all forms of changes in social institutions within a society, which affect the social system, including values, attitudes and behavior patterns among groups in society. Positive social changes such as obtaining information, obtaining social and economic benefits. Meanwhile, social changes that tend to be negative include social groups acting on behalf of religion, ethnicity and certain behavior patterns that sometimes deviate from existing norms.
Kajian Semiotika Roland Barthes pada Poster Unicef
Authors: Tamara Junisti
Published: December 2020

United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) is an organization from the United Nations that provides humanitarian assistance and welfare development to children and their mothers in developing countries. Until now, UNICEF has published numerous posters containing appeals and warnings to help fellow human beings who are experiencing difficulties. However, some of the posters are difficult to translate directly. This study aims to determine how best to understand the message conveyed by the UNICEF posters. As well as knowing the denotation, connotation and ideology in UNICEF posters. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative method. The data analysis used is semiotic analysis based on Roland Barthes' theory, namely the meaning of the signifier, signified to determine the meaning of denotation, connotation and ideology on the UNICEF poster. The overall results in this study explain that by utilizing the semiotic analysis method, posters that look quite confusing can be easily understood. Semiotics presents a sequence of processes so as to deliver a work of art and design as steps that can be explained in a structured manner.
Improving on the Adrogué–Madias Formula
Authors: Chen Sheldon , Shieh Michael , Chiaramonte Robert , Shey Jason
Published: December 2020

The Adrogué–Madias (A-M) formula is correct as written, but technically, it only works when adding 1 L of an intravenous (IV) fluid. For all other volumes, the A-M algorithm gives an approximate answer, one that diverges further from the truth as the IV volume is increased. If 1 L of an IV fluid is calculated to change the serum sodium by some amount, then it was long assumed that giving a fraction of the liter would change the serum sodium by a proportional amount. We challenged that assumption and now prove that the A-M change in [sodium] ([Na]) is not scalable in a linear way. Rather, the Δ[Na] needs to be scaled in a way that accounts for the actual volume of IV fluid being given. This is accomplished by our improved version of the A-M formula in a mathematically rigorous way. Our equation accepts any IV fluid volume, eliminates the illogical infinities, and most importantly, incorporates the scaling step so that it cannot be forgotten. However, the nonlinear scaling makes it harder to obtain a desired Δ[Na]. Therefore, we reversed the equation so that clinicians can enter the desired Δ[Na], keeping the rate of sodium correction safe, and then get an answer in terms of the volume of IV fluid to infuse. The improved equation can also unify the A-M formula with the corollary A-M loss equation wherein 1 L of urine is lost. The method is to treat loss as a negative volume. Because the new equation is just as straightforward as the original formula, we believe that the improved form of A-M is ready for immediate use, alongside frequent [Na] monitoring.
Ukrainian paroemias with somatic components
Authors:   Sumy State University, Vorona Nataliia , Pilipenko-Fritsak Nataliia ,   Sumy State University
Published: December 2020

The paper is devoted to the analysis of Ukrainian paroemias with somatic components, determination of their quantitative ratio, and semantic meaning of the most common representative ones. Paroemias in the present study mean proverbs and sayings, that help to understand the linguistic picture of the world, a person's place in this world, the paradigm of his/her ideas about himself/herself, the environment, moral values, and so on. The close connection of somatics with everything that surrounds a person, contributes to the symbolization of the functions of different parts of the body, plays an important role in modeling the somatic fragment of the linguistic picture of the world. The conditionality of the consideration of somatisms is explained by the fact that they perfectly represent the anthropocentric worldview, and paroemias with somatic components allow to combine anthropocentrism with nationcentrism. The paper analyzes the research published during the last 5 years, which deals with various aspects of this issue and concludes that there is a lack of thorough research with a comprehensive consideration of somatic phraseological units, especially Ukrainian. The aim of the research is to reveal the meanings inherent to Ukrainian somatic paroemias, ways to reproduce the thinking and mentality of the Ukrainian people, to identify the place of paroemias with somatisms among the great variety of Ukrainian proverbs and sayings. The object of the study is 720 paroemias from the collection «The best proverbs and sayings of the Ukrainians», compiled by O. A. Popova. The paper contains a large number of examples and illustrative material. The description and analysis of paroemias with somatic components enable to determine what percentage of Ukrainian paroemias are somatic components and which of these elements are primary or secondary ones, and values they correspond to. The study presents figures and information illustrating and confirming the main aspects of the article. The analysis of a large number of paroemias with somatic components such as head, arm, eye, mouth, leg, heart, and ear showed that the most representative somatic components of Ukrainian paroemias are head, arms, and eyes. The authors conclude that Ukrainian paroemias with somatic components are an example of combining the universal in each culture with a specific ethnonational. The widespread use of somatisms in the Ukrainian paroemias is explained by the nature of human development of the world around us and by the principles of anthropocentrism and anthropomorphism of the world perception in human consciousness. Further study of the Ukrainian paroemias with somatic components will enrich our knowledge of the interaction of language and culture of the Ukrainians, will contribute to the further study of the world outlook of the Ukrainian nation.
Forming language landscape of the city: sociolinguistic aspect
Authors:   Kharkiv National Agrarian University named after V. V. Dokuchaiev, Herman Lyudmyla , Shastalo Vira ,   V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University
Published: December 2020

The paper is devoted to the problem of forming Christchurch language landscape on the material of hodonyms from city’s foundation up to nowadays taking into consideration the process or renaming city’s line objects. The main periods of forming Cristchurch hodonymics caused by extralingual factors are defined. The source base of mechanism creation is investigated. The thematic groups of hodonyms based on motivation traits are determined. The structural and semantic peculiarities of hodonyms and ways of their creation are analyzed. The study of the extralinguistic factors permits to define four main periods in the city’s development (I – 1848-1906 years; II – 1907-1948 years; III – 1949-1986 years; IV – 1987 year – up nowadays). Taking into consideration the fact that language landscape is closely connected with the historical, social and political changes in the life of Christchurch dwellers and the state as a whole the authors make conclusion that the formation of hodonymy system of Christchurch coincides with the periodisation of city’s history. As the study material shows the system of hodonyms is unstable and changeable (some nominations of line objects exist for more than 140 years without any changes; others live only 2-3 years and change their names; some undergo the process of renaming etc.). As for the renaming process it was the most evident in 1877, 1904, 1922, 1926, 1948, 2013 years. The authors determine the reasons for renaming the line objects which can be of extralinguistic and linguistic character. Each period of hodonymy creating and functioning has its specific features revealing in motivational traits which create the basis of hodonyms. Depending on the motivation traits the thematic groups are defined for each period. It is noted that thе first two are characterized by nominations based on the traits demonstrating New Zealand’ s Britishness; while the last two – with the desire of New Zealand to be independent. It is proved that all hodonyms are created from three sources: from onyms, from appellatives and from both mentioned above. The predominant hodonyms during each period are the first ones. The structural analysis demonstrates that most of the nominations contain a key word denoting a road type and the attribute. The last one consists of 2 or 3 components. The most productive models of attributes are N + N, Adj. + N, Num. + N, PI + N.
The negative framing of migration in the British press
Authors:   Institute of Philology, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Demirdzhaieva Mavilie , Honcharova Olha ,   Institute of Philology, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv
Published: December 2020

The paper explores the framing peculiarities of the topic of migration by the printed media in the UK. Particular attention is paid to non-verbal means that are used for representing migrants in newspapers. The front pages of news outlets, headlines and caricatures are given as an example of the effective use of framing. The concepts of frames and framing, as well as the techniques used by the media to achieve the desired result, are examined. The paper also studies how pictures used by journalists contribute to the formation and reinforcement of the stereotypical attitude towards refugees among population.
The language image of the world in «The Grain Store» by Natalia Vorozhbyt
Authors:   Drohobych Ivan Franko State Pedagogical University, Durkalevych Viktoriya
Published: December 2020

The article deals with the language image of the world in «The Grain Store» by N. Vorozhbyt. The author uses the method of cognitive definition which gives the possibility to reconstruct collective and individual ways of language conceptualization of reality with an appropriate set of categorical, evaluative and typological characteristics. The research has been carried out according to the program of minimal analysis of the language image of the world which includes six aspects of profiling in accordance with the basic communication model, taking into account language profiling of concepts in artistic texts. The program of minimal analysis of the language image of the world includes several items: way of determining collective identity; way of perception and linguistic recognition of others; ways of conceptualizing of space and «own» place in the world; ways of conceptualizing of community space; values functioning in «our world»; types of expression varied according to style and genre criteria. «The Grain Store» is classified by the researcher as the artistic work connected with «new writing» or «new drama» literary movement. The texts created in the convention of «new drama» are characterized by deep social, cultural and mental engagement, cope with complex individual and collective experience, use the strategy of deconstruction in order to redraft the established ideological schemes and update the appropriate system of values. The text by N. Vorozhbyt copes with the complex theme of the Holodomor. The issue of creating human and society identity is in the focus of playwright's attention burdened with traumatic memory and traumatic generation's experience. «The Grain Store» has demonstrated that for the art, which deals with the problems of multidimensional and multifaceted intertwining between narrative, memory and identity, the theme of the Holodomor ceases to be just a historical and factual phenomenon. Trying to understand the causes and circumstances that led to the tragedy of the Great Famine, encourage the playwright to seek deeper meaning, which are behind the factuality and topography, through the consistent updating of the anthropological, axiological and ontological perspectives. The reconstruction of the language image of the world in «The Grain Store» has demonstrated the ways of conceptualization of inevitable destructive processes related to the destruction of the unique identity of the traditional Ukrainian village as well as the consequences of these processes for the functioning of a modern post-traumatic society.
Cultural diplomacy in the context of international strategic communications
Authors:   University of the State Fiscal Service of Ukraine, Zykun Natalia
Published: December 2020

Cultural diplomacy is studied as a topical scientific object in the context of development and further institutionalization of international strategic communications of Ukraine. The author considers it expedient to single out in the technology of international strategic communications in general and in cultural diplomacy in particular three levels of implementation: practical (activity); scientific (theoretical); media (informing about cultural projects and endeavors, first of all, international ones; strengthening their effects, expanding the audience of sympathizers and supporters of Ukraine; dispelling ideological and worldview stereotypes, breaking down hostile destructive narratives about Ukraine). The latter is considered a prerequisite for conveying important cultural narratives. The aim of the paper was to define the essence of cultural diplomacy as a component of public diplomacy precisely through media representation. This specified the following tasks: sampling of media texts with reference to cultural diplomacy; characterization of semantic characteristics of nomination and directions of semantic realization of its meaning; tracing the role and place of cultural diplomacy in the system of international strategic communications, based on the analysis and generalization of media discourse; identification of cultural diplomacy’s main tools, formulation of problems and prospects of media reflection. The empirical basis of the study was media texts from such Ukrainian newspapers as «Den», «Dzerkalo Tyzhnia», «Ukraina Moloda», «Holos Ukrainy», and others over the past five years (a total of over 70 publications of various genres), in which cultural diplomacy is reflected as an important element of interstate cooperation. With the use of scientific methods of continuous sampling, quantitative method of content analysis, descriptive and comparative methods, analysis and synthesis method, the use of the «cultural diplomacy» nomination is traced, the attention is focused on the tasks and effective forms of its implementation. The paper proved the necessity of further institutionalization of cultural diplomacy as a set of endeavors aimed at promoting the interests of the state by means of culture, art, education, cultural industries in general; expanding the range of subjects and potential recipients; increase of the resources directed on it: intellectual, expert, consulting, financial ones.
Communicative and pragmatic content of contaminated lexical cohesion in English multimodal literary fairy tales by Philip Ardagh
Authors:   , Lviv Polytechnic National University, Karp Marta
Published: December 2020

Introduction: the paper focuses on the communicative and pragmatic content of contaminated lexical cohesion in English multimodal literary fairy tales by Philip Ardagh. The purpose of the paper is to describe semiotic, structural-semantic and narrative aspects as the dominant components concerning modes of contaminated lexical cohesion in English multimodal literary fairy tales. Methods: semiotic modes of contaminated lexical cohesion in modern English literary fairy tales by Philip Ardagh have been singled out and analysed according to the micro-, meso- and macro inclusions within the semiotic and narrative interpretation of the multimodal fictional text on the general principles of structural and semiotic, narrative, poetic and interpretative, quantitative analyses and GeM model. Results: the communicative and pragmatic content of contaminated lexical cohesion in the text of English multimodal literary fairy tales by Philip Ardagh has been actualised by micro inclusions (88%) and meso inclusions (12 %) but for macro inclusions (0 %). Conclusion: the communicative and pragmatic content of contaminated lexical cohesion is based on the actualisation of the semantic potential of antonomasia. In English multimodal literary fairy tale the character’s name is the link between the conception of the addressant Philip Ardagh and the embodied idea of a fairy tale, fiction and reality, historical past and present. The character’s proper name performs a communicative function grounded on the interaction between the addressant and the addressee. Contaminated antonomasia is based on a verbal explanation of the character’s name in the text of English multimodal literary fairy tale, which is absorbed by its iconic component for a detailed image of character’s appearance. Parentheses, separated by brackets, indicate predominantly the presence of antonomasia in the context of English multimodal literary fairy tale by the lexeme (the) name. The indefinite article the in the function of the language marker that accompanies the lexeme name identifies the characters in the illustrations mentioned previously in the context of the verbal component. Contaminated antonomasia is the result of an implicit semantic correlation between the verbal and iconic components, which provides the connection between the iconic component and the supra-phrasal unit or fragment of English multimodal literary fairy tale. In prospect the suggested semiotic and narrative interpretation of modes of contaminated lexical cohesion in English multimodal literary fairy tales by Philip Ardagh can serve as a model for further linguistic text research on other categories of different text genres according to the modern linguistic, stylistic and discourse studies.
Face saving aspects in intercultural communication
Authors:   Sumy State University, Malovana Nina , Yusiuk Andrii ,   University of Economics in Prague
Published: December 2020

The paper touches upon the aspects of saving face in intercultural communication. Eight basic strategies for conflict behaviour have been identified that depend on the nature and psychotype of the person. In addition, the main patterns for human behaviour in intercultural communication are established, the peculiarities of politeness are described on the examples of South Korea, Germany and Ukraine. Moreover, the main non-verbal signs are described and how they are perceived by the contextuality of the countries of the world. As a result, general rules are established that will help save face in case of arguing, fractions rows or conflicts.
Linguostilistic features of H. M. Enzensberger's idiostyle as features of postmodernism
Authors:   Mariupol State University, Marchenko Maryna
Published: December 2020

The paper presents the peculiarities of the idiosyncrasy of the modern outstanding German writer of postmodernism H. M. Enzensberger on the material of the poem «Vor dem Techno und danach». It should be noted, that the poetic speech of postmodernism differs in its «postmodern sensuality», a kind of worldview, hypertextuality, the tendency to communicate with the recipient through play. Therefore, an attempt was made to explore the idiostyle of the representative of postmodernism, as idiostyle reflects not only the individual features of speech communication of the linguistic personality, but also the general trends of a particular cultural era. It was found, that one of the features is that the author refers to the play on words in general and the game with the intelligence of the reader in particular. He constantly appeals to the addressee as an implicit interlocutor. Using a variety of tools, the author not only creates an opaque context, but also encodes information, constantly forcing the reader to participate in the decoding of hypertext. The author creates a deep subtext, using allusion. Typical of his idiosyncrasy is that the musicality of the poem is created not by rhyme but by syntax: parentheses, prolepsis, parceling and period. There is a masterful variation of not only syntactic but also grammatical and lexical means, which makes H. M. Enzensberger's individual style stylistically colorful and unique. In order to avoid stylistic monotony and to break the intonation, the author discharges homogeneous rows with parentheses and prolepsis, thus giving an expressive color to the content. In search of new means of expression H. M. Enzensberger turns to such non-traditional linguistic means as grammatical metaphor and period, through which he creates a sense of time space and reproduces the contextual antithesis. Using descending gradation, modeled authorial meaning of tokens, syntax, contextual homogeneity and allusion, the author realizes his ironic attitude to the image. Thus, in this poem the writers trace the play, hypertextuality and emotionality of the content that is inherent in postmodernism. However, paying attention to the language means that identify the idiostyle of H. M. Enzensberger, it should be noted that he tends to a limited number of language means in the poem, making them multifunctional, and to refined non-traditional language means.
Psycholinguistic aspects in the research of german conflict discourse (based on german internet texts)
Authors:   Institute of Philology, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Mikhidenko Kateryna
Published: December 2020

The paper presents an overview of the main tendencies in modern discourse studies in German-speaking circles, further referring to the problem of communicative self-presentation strategies used by the participants in virtual conflict discourse and their usage in certain conflict situations. The linguistic, sociological and psychological aspects of conflict communication play an important role in the research of discourse in German-language discourse studies. The research groups such as the Vienna circle and the Duisburg school of discourse analysis integrated theories on conflict discourse, inter alia the hegemony theory developed by E. Laclau and Ch. Mouffe or the theory of conflict discourse of J. Habermas into their research, focusing mainly on the problem of racism and right extremist discourse in the German-speaking public sphere. The modern research includes also sociolinguistic and psycholinguistic aspects of racist discourse research. Scientific works published in the last ten years focus mainly on problems of hidden racism within public and social institutions and racist discourse within teenager groups. The study of different sociological and psychological factors of communicative behavior are aimed at reconstructing social crises and forecast of future tendencies in order to avoid further cases of discrimination in society. With the growing importance of media as source of knowledge and instrument of influence, virtual communication becomes an integral part of discourse formation and articulation. On the one hand, such special features of the Internet, as spontaneity of communication, anonymity of the users, as well as the unlimited number of potential participants, provide a free choice of instruments of self-presentation. On the other hand, however, they involve certain limitations of the communication process itself: such features as social status, social or physical power can no longer be source of influence on the opponent. Thus, participants of conflict discourse have to defend their own and their social group's positive image by choosing suitable communicative strategies of self-presentation and presentation of the opponent. Positive self-presentation in conflict discourse includes a strong division of communicative space into oppositional categories, such as ME (US)-YOU (THEY), GOOD-BAD or RIGHT-WRONG, where the ME (US) group is credited with positive qualities such as good, intelligent, experienced, rightful etc, whereas such negative qualities, as bad, stupid, inexperienced, wrong are attributed to the opponent group. The analysis of such self-presentation strategies and categorization processes allows making conclusions about the mental aspects of discourse practices in separate social and ethnocultural groups basing on psycholinguistic features of intercultural and interpersonal conflict discourse.
Parenthetical constructions in Ukrainian linguistics: structural and functional features
Authors:   Donetsk Law Institute of Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine, Novikova Olga
Published: December 2020

The problems of syntax are constantly in the focus of attention of linguists, since the sentence structure in modern Ukrainian language is quite flexible and sensitive to target institutions of communication. As a result, new questions arise at every stage of scientific knowledge. These topical issues also include that of insertability. Modern studies connected with the parenthetical constructions do not fully solve the problem of their formation and development in modern linguistics. The purpose of the proposed scientific research is a comprehensive analysis of the parenthetical constructions in Ukrainian linguistics. The paper studies the problems associated with the formation of the parenthetical constructions category and analyzes the development of the doctrine of the parenthetical components in modern linguistics. The parenthetical constructions are considered as forms that are included in the sentence for expressing the emotional attitude of the speaker to the message. From the formal grammatical point of view the syntactical units are studied in isolation from the sentence. From the communicative point of view these units do not change the main modal meaning of the sentence but explain it, giving a special colour. The analysis shows that the attention of scholars was focused on the essence of parenthetically; on the functioning of the parenthetical units; on their analysis and semantics; on their correlation with the part of the sentence. The concept of «parenthetical» goes beyond the traditional syntax and it is the realization of expression which belongs to the specificity of not only a particular style, but also a particular author. The paper analyzes the works of Ukrainian linguists based on the study of the special status of parenthetical units; their facultative nature; the structural organization of sentences with the definite syntactic components; their position in the sentence; the semantics of parenthetical constructions; the communicative and textual potential of these units. Now the question of parenthetical words goes beyond the limits of the traditional syntax, since it represents an implementation of a statement plan related to the specifics of not only a certain style, but also of a certain author, therefore studying this phenomenon in linguistics remains relevant in the future.
Stylistic features of naturalism in the works of Stefan Kovaliv
Authors:   Dnipropetrovsk State University of Internal Affairs, Kolesnyk Alla
Published: December 2020

In the paper the results of the study of naturalism in the works of Stefan Kovaliv are presented. The problem of naturalism in the works of Ukrainian writers of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries remains poorly studied. Among them is Stefan Kovaliv, a Ukrainian writer and teacher who worked for more than forty years as the head of a large public school in Boryslav and left a creative legacy – stories about life in Boryslav. S. Kovaliv's work took place during the intensive development of the city of Boryslav – a major oil center of Galicia and the entire Austro-Hungarian Empire, whose colony was this Ukrainian territory. S. Kovaliv wrote under the influence of Ivan Franko – the founder of naturalism in the Ukrainian literature. Therefore, it was necessary to study the features of the works of S. Kovaliv in the context of compliance with the stylistic features of naturalism. In his works, the writer portrayed Ukrainians who became victims of the capitalists, who deceitfully took away their peasants' land for oil production. These shocking cases of injustice, as well as the situation of the peasants in Boryslav, became the object of the writer's image. The manifestation of signs of naturalism in the stories «Deserter», «Roit's hole», «Five», «Consequences of feebleness» is analyzed. It is determined that the depicted events are motivated by a social factor, for which the writer used such naturalistic techniques as factography of the image, logging of events with detailed reproduction of their course in time, recording small details, using contrasting scenes to achieve feedback from the reader. These techniques achieve objectivity, close to scientific accuracy, and high plausibility of the image. The figures depicted in the stories have their own individual characteristics due to their origin: gullibility, ignorance, helplessness – inherent mainly in Ukrainian peasants, cunning, use of any situation to their advantage, criminal actions – capitalist entrepreneurs, irresponsibility, indifference – to local officials, whose origin is not defined. Racial characteristics of the heroes of the works are revealed, motivated and intensified mainly in the negative direction under the influence of the social environment at a particular historical moment in Boryslav, at the time of development of the oil industry. On the basis of the conducted analysis the belonging of the writer to naturalists who formed a basis of existence of this literary direction in Ukraine is defined.
Headings in Thomas Brussig’s novel «Am kürzeren Ende der Sonnenallee» and their reproduction in the ukrainian translation
Authors:   Institute of Philology, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Tymchenko Yevgeniia
Published: December 2020

The paper explores the peculiarities of headings in Thomas Brussig’s novel «Am kürzeren Ende der Sonnenallee» and the means of reproducing their functions in the Ukrainian translation. The problems of equivalency and subjective transformations in connection with author’s style are investigated. Headings as strong positions are important elements of texts architectonic and specific communicative unities. We distinguish many functions such as nominative, informative, expressive, emotive functions which dominate according to the genre and style of texts. Scientists pay much attention to such aspects as semantics, classification, structure and functions of headings. Different types of headings need different ways of their translation. Equivalents in the functions are more important than formal equivalency. The informative expository headings are easy to reproduce in translation by using the same descriptive models. In the novel there are only a few topic-identifying headings where the content is explained, so that the translation has the functional equivalency with the original. It is more difficult when headings have intertextual character and contain many allusions instead of direct content description. Brussig’s chapter headings only partially reflect the text content and let the reader interpret it in different way. It depends on general cultural context (cultural lacunes) and background knowledge if all the intertextual elements can be understood. That’s why it often seems necessary to choose the explanatory headings while translating. They make headings more transparent but there is no ambiguity and disappointed expectation due to the original. In the article has been shown how the associations connected with song names, literary quotes, polysemantic words attract the attention of readers and influence the interpretation of chapter content and which effects disappear by translation. In the Ukrainian translation all the headings have an informative part containing the words «a story about» as a marker for content. The choice of topic-identifying headings for translation causes great differences in the interpretation of chapters because of predictability missing in the original. It is especially undesirable when other associations appear by reading of the translation. The variation in the length of the text section corresponds to a difference in the scope of the information in the translation. In long chapters there are many acts and events but the translator chooses subjectively only one of them for heading content. In this case the heading has a strong steering role for the reader and the functional equivalency is lost.
Linguistic methodical and lexicographical aspects of terminology
Authors:   Prydniprovska State Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Shashkina Nataliia , Druzhinina Liliya ,   Prydniprovska State Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Sokolova Kateryna ,   Prydniprovska State Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Shchetynnykova Olha ,   Prydniprovska State Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture
Published: December 2020

The research of construction machinery term system has been carried out in systematic functional and lexicographical aspect in the context of extra linguistic factors which influence the formation of any branch term system. Linguistic means of the terms nomination have been investigated in a complex way. The main paradigmatic characteristics of the construction machinery term system have been defined. It should be noted that a branch term system is the kind of a mirror. It reflects the character, the mentality and the activity of the community. It is the most adaptable and responsive to changes in a sphere of production. The rapid advances which are being made in construction, the appearance of new machines and tools create a continual demand for the formation of new terms to express new ideas and to name new objects. Terms are the necessary tools which help us to convey thoughts or a new name to an item. When a new product, new conception comes into the life of people it definitely finds a name in their language. To obtain better and more acute results different methods have been used. Combinatory methods of T. Lomtev along with some elements of generic and aspectual methods of T. Kandelaki were used to single out microsystems of different levels in the investigated term system. These methods have also contributed to the possibility to define differential and integral features of term meanings. Various reference books and manuals in construction machinery («Earth moving machines», «Hoisting machines and equipment» etc.) were used to conduct research of term definitions. The types of terminological thematic groups and the peculiarities of synonymic and antonymic relations have been determined and analyzed. Enriching the building terminology by the semantic method and by borrowing words from general language in the process of nominating a new item has been examined in the article. Taking into consideration our experience of compiling term dictionaries, we propose a special training dictionary containing an alphabetical and field arrangement of terms with their definitions and translation. It will be of great help for students and it can be considered as the main linguistic component in a process of professionally-oriented teaching of foreign languages.