bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of age and sex on immune checkpoint expression and kinetics in human T cells
Authors: Reitsema Rosanne D. , Hid Cadena Rebeca , Nijhof Sander H. , Abdulahad Wayel H. , Huitema Minke G. , Paap Davy , Brouwer Elisabeth , Boots Annemieke M. H. , Heeringa Peter
Published: November 2020

Background

Immune checkpoints are crucial molecules in maintaining a proper immune balance. Even though age and sex are known to have effects on the immune system, the interplay between age, sex and immune checkpoint expression by T cells is not known. The aim of this study was to determine whether age and sex affect immune checkpoint expression by T cells and if age and sex affect the kinetics of immune checkpoint expression followingex vivostimulation. In this study, whole blood samples of 20 healthy young adults (YA, 9 males and 11 females) and 20 healthy older adults (OA, 9 males and 11 females) were stained for lymphocyte lineage markers and immune checkpoints and frequencies of CD28+, PD-1+, VISTA+ and CD40L+ T cells were determined. Immune checkpoint expression kinetics were studied followingex vivoanti-CD3/anti-CD28 stimulation of T cells from young and older healthy adults.

Results

We report an age-associated increase of CD40L + CD4+ and CD40L + CD8+ T-cell frequencies, whereas CD40+ B-cell frequencies were decreased in older adults, suggesting modulation of the CD40L-CD40 interaction with age. Immune checkpoint expression kinetics revealed differences in magnitude between CD4+ and CD8+ T cells independent of age and sex. Further analysis of CD4+ T-cell subsets revealed an age-associated decrease of especially PD-1 + CD4+ memory T cells which tracked with the female sex.

Conclusion

Collectively, our results demonstrate that both age and sex modulate expression of immune checkpoints by human T cells. These findings may have implications for optimising vaccination and immune checkpoint immunotherapy and move the field towards precision medicine in the management of older patient groups.
Therapeutic role of curcumin and its novel formulations in gynecological cancers
Authors: Pourhanifeh Mohammad Hossein , Darvish Maryam , Tabatabaeian Javad , Fard Mahboobeh Rabbani , Mottaghi Reza , Azadchehr Mohammad Javad , Jahanshahi Moghaddaseh , Sahebkar Amirhossein , Mirzaei Hamed
Published: November 2020

Gynecological cancers are among the leading causes of cancer-associated mortality worldwide. While the number of cases are rising, current therapeutic approaches are not efficient enough. There are considerable side-effects as well as treatment resistant types. In addition, which all make the treatment complicated for afflicted cases. Therefore, in order to improve efficacy of the treatment process and patients’ quality of life, searching for novel adjuvant treatments is highly warranted. Curcumin, a promising natural compound, is endowed with numerous therapeutic potentials including significant anticancer effects. Recently, various investigations have demonstrated the anticancer effects of curcumin and its novel analogues on gynecological cancers. Moreover, novel formulations of curcumin have resulted in further propitious effects. This review discusses these studies and highlights the possible underlying mechanisms of the observed effects.
Circulating bioactive adrenomedullin as a marker of sepsis, septic shock and critical illness
Authors: Lundberg Oscar H. M. , Lengquist Maria , Spångfors Martin , Annborn Martin , Bergmann Deborah , Schulte Janin , Levin Helena , Melander Olle , Frigyesi Attila , Friberg Hans
Published: November 2020

Background

Biomarkers can be of help to understand critical illness and to identify and stratify sepsis. Adrenomedullin is a vasoactive hormone, with reported prognostic and potentially therapeutic value in sepsis. The primary aim of this study was to investigate the association of circulating bioactive adrenomedullin (bio-ADM) levels at intensive care unit (ICU) admission with mortality in sepsis patients and in a general ICU population. Secondary aims included the association of bio-ADM with organ failure and the ability of bio-ADM to identify sepsis.

Methods

In this retrospective observational study, adult patients admitted to one of four ICUs during 2016 had admission bio-ADM levels analysed. Age-adjusted odds ratios (OR) with 95% CI for log-2 transformed bio-ADM, and Youden’s index derived cut-offs were calculated. The primary outcome was 30-day mortality, and secondary outcomes included the need for organ support and the ability to identify sepsis.

Results

Bio-ADM in 1867 consecutive patients were analysed; 632 patients fulfilled the sepsis-3 criteria of whom 267 had septic shock. The median bio-ADM in the entire ICU population was 40 pg/mL, 74 pg/mL in sepsis patients, 107 pg/mL in septic shock and 29 pg/mL in non-septic patients. The association of elevated bio-ADM and mortality in sepsis patients and the ICU population resulted in ORs of 1.23 (95% CI 1.07–1.41) and 1.22 (95% CI 1.12–1.32), respectively. The association with mortality remained after additional adjustment for lactate in sepsis patients. Elevated bio-ADM was associated with an increased need for dialysis with ORs of 2.28 (95% CI 2.01–2.59) and 1.97 (95% CI 1.64–2.36) for the ICU population and sepsis patients, respectively, and with increased need of vasopressors, OR 1.33 (95% CI 1.23–1.42) (95% CI 1.17–1.50) for both populations. Sepsis was identified with an OR of 1.78 (95% CI 1.64–1.94) for bio-ADM, after additional adjustment for severity of disease. A bio-ADM cut-off of 70 pg/mL differentiated between survivors and non-survivors in sepsis, but a Youden’s index derived threshold of 108 pg/mL performed better.

Conclusions

Admission bio-ADM is associated with 30-day mortality and organ failure in sepsis patients as well as in a general ICU population. Bio-ADM may be a morbidity-independent sepsis biomarker.
Acute skeletal muscle wasting and dysfunction predict physical disability at hospital discharge in patients with critical illness
Authors: Mayer Kirby P. , Thompson Bastin Melissa L. , Montgomery-Yates Ashley A. , Pastva Amy M. , Dupont-Versteegden Esther E. , Parry Selina M. , Morris Peter E.
Published: November 2020

Background

Patients surviving critical illness develop muscle weakness and impairments in physical function; however, the relationship between early skeletal muscle alterations and physical function at hospital discharge remains unclear. The primary purpose of this study was to determine whether changes in muscle size, strength and power assessed in the intensive care unit (ICU) predict physical function at hospital discharge.

Methods

Study design is a single-center, prospective, observational study in patients admitted to the medicine or cardiothoracic ICU with diagnosis of sepsis or acute respiratory failure. Rectus femoris (RF) and tibialis anterior (TA) muscle ultrasound images were obtained day one of ICU admission, repeated serially and assessed for muscle cross-sectional area (CSA), layer thickness (mT) and echointensity (EI). Muscle strength, as measured by Medical Research Council-sum score, and muscle power (lower-extremity leg press) were assessed prior to ICU discharge. Physical function was assessed with performance on 5-times sit-to-stand (5STS) at hospital discharge.

Results

Forty-one patients with median age of 61 years (IQR 55–68), 56% male and sequential organ failure assessment score of 8.1 ± 4.8 were enrolled. RF muscle CSA decreased significantly a median percent change of 18.5% from day 1 to 7 (F = 26.6,p = 0.0253). RF EI increased at a mean percent change of 10.5 ± 21% in the first 7 days (F = 3.28,p = 0.081). At hospital discharge 25.7% of patients (9/35) met criteria for ICU-acquired weakness. Change in RF EI in first 7 days of ICU admission and muscle power measured prior to ICU were strong predictors of ICU-AW at hospital discharge (AUC = 0.912). Muscle power at ICU discharge, age and ICU length of stay were predictive of performance on 5STS at hospital discharge.

Conclusion

ICU-assessed muscle alterations, specifically RF EI and muscle power, are predictors of diagnosis of ICU-AW and physical function assessed by 5x-STS at hospital discharge in patients surviving critical illness.
Evaluation of the efficacy and safety of fire needle compared to filiform needle on knee osteoarthritis: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Gao Yuanjie , Liu Lu , Li Bin , Guo Jing , Liu Huilin , Wang Shaosong , Zhang Fan , Ji Xu , Fu Yuanbo , Wang Yizhan , Sun Jingqing , Yuan Fang
Published: November 2020

Background

Knee osteoarthritis is a common clinical chronic degenerative disease associated with high morbidity and long-term disability. Previous studies have confirmed the efficacy of acupuncture on knee osteoarthritis. Fire needle acupuncture is a combination of heat and acupuncture, which may be more effective than the commonly used filiform needle acupuncture. This study is designed as a randomized controlled trial to evaluate the efficacy and safety of fire needle acupuncture compared to filiform needle acupuncture in knee osteoarthritis patients.

Methods and analysis

This is a prospective randomized controlled superiority clinical trial to evaluate the efficacy and safety of fire needle acupuncture compared to filiform needle acupuncture for knee osteoarthritis. A total of 100 participants will be randomly assigned to two different groups. Participants will receive fire needle acupuncture treatment in the fire needle group, while participants in the filiform needle group will be treated with a filiform needle at the same acupuncture points as the fire needle group. All participants will receive 6 weeks of treatment (2 times per week). The primary outcome is the change of the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index, and the secondary outcomes include the change of the visual analog scale and 12-item Short Form Health Survey from baseline to endpoint.

Ethics and dissemination

Ethical approval of this study was granted by the Research Ethical Committee of Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Capital Medical University (2018SB-066). Written informed consent will be obtained from all participants. Outcomes of the trial will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications.

Trial registration

Chinese Clinical Trial Registry ChiCTR1800019579. Registered on November 18, 2018
Hilbert-type inequalities for time scale nabla calculus
Authors: Rezk H. M. , AlNemer Ghada , Abd El-Hamid H. A. , Abdel-Aty Abdel-Haleem , Nisar Kottakkaran Sooppy , Zakarya M.
Published: November 2020

This paper deals with the derivation of some new dynamic Hilbert-type inequalities in time scale nabla calculus. In proving the results, the basic idea is to use some algebraic inequalities, Hölder’s inequality, and Jensen’s time scale inequality. This generalization allows us not only to unify all the related results that exist in the literature on an arbitrary time scale, but also to obtain new outcomes that are analytical to the results of the delta time scale calculation.
The role of infectious pathogens in exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in Dakahlia Governorate
Authors: Fahmy Elsayed Ahmed , Abdelwahab Heba Wagih , Eldegla Heba Elsayed , Elbadrawy Mohammed Khairy Fahmy
Published: November 2020

Background

Exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) represent important events in the management of COPD because of its negative impact on health status and disease progression. The etiology of acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPDAE) is heterogeneous and still under discussion. So, this study was planned to investigate the role of infectious pathogens (fungi and atypical mycobacteria in addition to the well-known bacteria) in patients with COPD exacerbation in our locality.

Results

This observational cross-sectional study was conducted on 100 patients with acute exacerbation of COPD. Sputum specimens were collected for mycobacterial and fungal examination in addition to routine sputum bacteriology. All sputum samples were negative for typical and atypical mycobacteria whereas sputum samples of 18 patients (18%) were negative for fungi. Mixed fungal growth was found in 19 patients (19%).Candidawas isolated from 67 patients (67%),Aspergilluswas isolated from 27 patients (27%),Alternariawas isolated from 3 patients (3%), and other fungi were isolated from 4 patients (4%). As regards sputum bacteriology, sputum samples of 49 patients (49%) have bacterial growth.Streptococcus pneumoniaewas isolated from 16 samples (16%) and represents the most frequent bacterial isolate in this study.

Conclusion

The present study indicates that typical and atypical mycobacteria have no role in COPD exacerbations in our locality. However, fungi and bacteria may have a role in COPD exacerbations.
Toward Contemporary Novelism
Authors: Haley Madigan
Published: November 2020

This essay challenges a dominant way of plotting the novel genre’s history as a story of individual development, which is increasingly characterized by an identity crisis within the contemporary media landscape. As an alternative to this story, it develops a provisional account of “novelism” (adjacent to notions like lyricism and essayism) as a flexible and mobile mode of associative world-building across the arts. We can see novelism at play in the intermedial history of how novelistic forms and concerns informed the cinematic genre of the essay film. By recovering that history, from Sergei Eisenstein to Chris Marker, this essay helps explain what novelism does and why it makes sense to describe certain artworks as novelistic, even ones in nonliterary media. The concept of novelism not only applies to certain essay films, it also clarifies a recent essayistic or documentary turn in international fiction writing—involving writers such as W. G. Sebald, Valeria Luiselli, and Teju Cole—which some critics have interpreted as a sign of the novel’s exhaustion. This essay argues instead that such genre-bending works of contemporary fiction (and even nonfiction) are better understood as evidence of the current proliferation of novelism across the arts.
HY5 and phytochrome activity modulate shoot-to-root coordination during thermomorphogenesis in Arabidopsis
Authors: Gaillochet Christophe , Burko Yogev , Platre Matthieu Pierre , Zhang Ling , Simura Jan , Willige Björn C. , Kumar S. Vinod , Ljung Karin , Chory Joanne , Busch Wolfgang
Published: November 2020

Temperature is one of the most impactful environmental factors to which plants adjust their growth and development. Although the regulation of temperature signaling has been extensively investigated for the aerial part of plants, much less is known and understood about how roots sense and modulate their growth in response to fluctuating temperatures. Here, we found that shoot and root growth responses to high ambient temperature are coordinated during early seedling development in Arabidopsis. A shoot signaling module that includes HY5, the phytochromes and the PIFs exerts a central function in coupling these growth responses and maintaining auxin levels in the root. In addition to the HY5/PIF-dependent shoot module, a regulatory axis composed of auxin biosynthesis and auxin perception factors controls root responses to high ambient temperature. Taken together, our findings show that shoot and root developmental responses to temperature are tightly coupled during thermomorphogenesis and suggest that roots integrate energy signals with local hormonal inputs.
Cardiac Responses to Submaximal Isometric Contraction and Aerobic Exercise in Healthy Pregnancy
Authors: MEAH VICTORIA L. , BACKX KARIANNE , COCKCROFT JOHN R. , SHAVE ROB E. , STÖHR ERIC J.
Published: November 2020

Purpose

The increased physiological demand of pregnancy results in the profound adaptation of the maternal cardiovascular system, reflected by greater resting cardiac output and left ventricular (LV) deformation. Whether the increased resting demand alters acute cardiac responses to exercise in healthy pregnant women is not well understood.

Methods

Healthy nonpregnant (n = 18), pregnant (n = 14, 22–26 wk gestation), and postpartum women (n = 13, 12–16 wk postdelivery) underwent assessments of cardiac function and LV mechanics at rest, during a sustained isometric forearm contraction (30% maximum), and during low-intensity (LOW) and moderate-intensity (MOD) dynamic cycling exercise (25% and 50% peak power output). Significant differences (α = 0.05) were determined using ANCOVA and general linear model (resting value included as covariate).

Results

When accounting for higher resting cardiac output in pregnant women, pregnant women had greater cardiac output during isometric contraction (2.0 ± 0.3 L·min−1·m−1.83; nonpregnant, 1.3 ± 0.2 L·min−1·m−1.83; postpartum, 1.5 ± 0.5 L·min−1·m−1.83; P = 0.02) but similar values during dynamic cycling exercise (pregnant, LOW = 2.8 ± 0.4 L·min−1·m−1.83, MOD = 3.4 ± 0.7 L·min−1·m−1.83; nonpregnant, LOW = 2.4 ± 0.3 L·min−1·m−1.83, MOD = 3.0 ± 0.3 L·min−1·m−1.83; postpartum, LOW = 2.3 ± 0.4 L·min−1·m−1.83, MOD = 3.0 ± 0.5 L·min−1·m−1.83; P = 0.96). Basal circumferential strain was higher in pregnant women at rest, during the sustained isometric forearm contraction (−23.5% ± 1.2%; nonpregnant, −14.6% ± 1.4%; P = 0.001), and during dynamic cycling exercise (LOW = −27.0% ± 4.9%, MOD = −27.4% ± 4.6%; nonpregnant, LOW = −15.8% ± 4.5%, MOD = −15.2% ± 6.7%; P = 0.012); however, other parameters of LV mechanics were not different between groups.

Conclusion

The results support that the maternal heart can appropriately respond to additional cardiac demand and altered loading experienced during acute isometric and dynamic exercise, although subtle differences in responses to these challenges were observed. In addition, the LV mechanics that underpin global cardiac function are greater in pregnant women during exercise, leading to the speculation that the hormonal milieu of pregnancy influences regional deformation.
Hand perforation caused by a Gafftopsail catfish (bagre marinus) in a fisherman from Northeastern Brazil
Authors: Farias Luis Arthur Brasil Gadelha , Lourenço Rodrigo Pinto , Pires Neto Roberto da Justa
Published: November 2020

A 39-year-old male fisherman from Ceará State in Northeastern Brazil presented to the emergency room complaining of intense pain, edema, and bleeding in his left hand (Figure 1A-1B), He had a recent history of traumatism with hand perforation caused by the stinger of a gafftopsail catfish (Bagre marinus) (Figure 2A-2C). The injury occurred 4 hours prior when pulling his fishnet in the ocean. Right after the injury, the patient presented local pain and classified as eight in a visual analogue scale of pain. He denied systemic symptoms such as fever. On physical examination, he presented with two perforations separated by about 2 cm with slight bleeding (Figure 1A), local edema, and pain in his left hand (Figure 1B). Local cleansing of the lesion was performed. He was advised to apply warm compresses and used analgesics/anti-inflammatory drugs with the improvement of the inflammation. Systemic antibiotics were not necessary.
‘Disturbing Potential’: Military Operations in Social Media Domain
Authors: Szymański Marcin
Published: November 2020

The author of the article pursues several vignettes drafted in the course of the military and academic discussions, related to the social media. Initial section of the publication is dedicated to the social sphere of the human nature. The reasons and motives inspiring people to create networks are investigated. The subsequent part provides a description of currently available social media platforms. The tools, their utility and basic characteristics are examined. Such summary is used as a framework to build few conclusions on the potential risks and opportunities, offered by virtual networks for the security community. Findings are consequently confronted with existing doctrines. Some structural assumptions are drafted within this section, in order to provide a conceptual point of reference for further research. The author than continues with selected case studies of the social media military application. The article is concluded by a few reflections encapsulating the role of non-kinetic, social media embedded warfare in the contemporary conflicts.
Missile Defense Roles in the Post-Cold War U.S. Strategy
Authors: Pugacewicz Tomasz
Published: November 2020

The debate on missile defense in the United States has been going on for more than half a century, and brought about extensive literature on this subject. Although many studies on BMDS are publications dedicated to U.S. strategy, foreign and security policy, only a few works are focused solely on the U.S. missile defense strategy in the post-Cold War era from the long-term perspective. The aim of this article is to discuss the U.S. missile defense strategy in the post-Cold War era. The paper consists of an introduction, three sections, and a conclusion. The introduction includes short literature review and explains the domestic and international significance of BMDS. In the first section, BMDS is defined and described, next the ongoing debate about sources of U.S. focus on missile defense development is presented. In the last section, four functions of the BMDS in the U.S. post-Cold War strategy are analyzed. Conclusion includes brief recap, as well as costs and benefits assessment of the consequences of the BMDS deployment.
Editorial: A Retrospective from the Editors-in-Chief on the History of Interfaces/INFORMS Journal on Applied Analytics
Authors: Lilien Gary L. , Murphy Frederic H. , Harrison Terry P. , Camm Jeffrey D. , Bollapragada Srinivas , Gorman Michael F.
Published: November 2020

As the INFORMS Journal on Applied Analytics (formerly Interfaces) reaches its 50th year, the current editor-in-chief (EiC) and each of the five former (surviving) EiCs recount the major events and developments of his tenure. Our objective is to trace the evolution of the journal and trends of the publication from its roots until today. The editorial closes with a discussion of the trends and likely future directions for the journal.
Sparking from music
Authors: Hardiman Kay
Published: November 2020

eye, MA Education Ltd, St Jude's Church, Dulwich Road, London, SE24 0PB or email: karen.faux@markallengroup.com
Early Years Childhood Studies Degree Network
Authors: Fairchild Nikki
Published: November 2020

Nikki Fairchild outlines how the Early Childhood Studies Degree Network is helping early years students navigate the new requirements of the reformed EYFS and develop an inclusive, critical and holistic approach to practice. As graduates they will become well placed to lead practice.
Towards the future
Authors: Surry Sam
Published: November 2020

While settings are to be applauded for the way they have adapted quickly to the changes wrought by Covid-19, a plan for the longer term is now urgently needed.
Eco painting
Authors: White Hilary
Published: November 2020

Making your own eco-friendly paint may work out a little more expensive than the ordinary kind but it is a process that children will enjoy and appreciate as something that is precious rather than disposable.
Celebrating trees
Authors: Hewson Claire
Published: November 2020

National Tree Week, which runs from 28 November to 6 December, is a great opportunity to discuss the importance of trees. Support children to identify different varieties, express their own ideas and listen sensitively to others.
Conventional versus 'all-inside' anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: a randomized controlled trial comparing hamstring strength and functional outcome
Authors: Ashraf Yasir , Senevirathna Shanaka R , Ashraf Tanweer
Published: November 2020

Cite this article: Bone Joint Open 2020;1-11:706–708.
Bases teóricas de la intervención socioeducativa de los técnicos de juventud
Authors: Monseny Martínez Myrte , úcar Martínez Xavier
Published: November 2020

Este artículo tiene como finalidad ahondar en la dimensión educativa de las políticas de juventud así como en la tarea pedagógica que desarrollan los profesionales que las aplican: los técnicos de juventud. Es por ello que aquí se presentan el diseño y las conclusiones del reciente estudio desarrollado en el marco del programa de doctorado «Educación y Sociedad» de la UAB, en que se analiza la aplicación de estas políticas en las comarcas gerundenses durante la pasada legislatura, bajo el prisma innovador e integrador de un marco teórico que aúna diferentes perspectivas directamente vinculadas a las políticas juveniles y más concretamente a la definición que se hace de ellas en el Plan Nacional de Juventud de Cataluña. Estas perspectivas teóricas son: el enfoque biografista (Casal y otros, 2006); la teoría de las comunidades de práctica (Wenger, 2001); y la perspectiva del partenariado adultos-jóvenes, también denominada adultos como aliados (Checkoway, 1996). Dicho análisis es el que nos permite construir unas bases teórico-prácticas para la orientación de la intervención de los técnicos, ampliando sus referentes conceptuales, así como el reconocimiento de su tarea, aspirando a que una mejor intervención repercuta positivamente en los propios jóvenes.
Análisis bibliométrico de las revistas españolas de educación incluidas en el Journal Citation Report. Producción científica y elementos controvertidos
Authors: López Gómez Ernesto , Fuentes Juan Luis , Luque David
Published: November 2020

Este artículo presenta un análisis bibliométrico de las revistas españolas de educación incluidas en 2010 en el Journal Citation Report, a saber, Revista Española de Pedagogía, Infancia y Aprendizaje, Teoría de la Educación. Revista Interuniversitaria, Revista de Psicodidáctica y Comunicar: Revista Científica de Comunicación y Educación. Se atiende a dos aspectos fundamentales. A los datos generales que nos ofrecen los artículos publicados por un lado y, por el otro, a los elementos controvertidos que más discusión suscitan entre los expertos en revistas científicas: el nivel de endogamia, la financiación de las investigaciones y el grado de internacionalización de cada revista. Como conclusión, se ofrecen algunas reflexiones que pueden ofrecer luz sobre la situación actual de algunas de las revistas científicas de educación más relevantes editadas en España.
Diversidad lingüística y conocimiento de catalán/castellano. un estudio empírico con alumnado inmigrante en cataluña
Authors: González Riaño Xosé Antón , Huguet Canalis Ángel , Chireac Silvia Maria
Published: November 2020

El artículo plantea los resultados de una investigación realizada en Cataluña con alumnos inmigrantes. La finalidad del estudio es comprobar la competencia lingüística en catalán y castellano y comparar estos resultados con los del alumnado autóctono, explicar los procesos de interdependencia y transferencia lingüística generados (entre catalán y castellano) en función de la lengua materna y plantear implicaciones pedagógicas derivadas. Se utilizaron dos pruebas de competencia lingüística en catalán y castellano. La muestra fueron 533 alumnos inmigrantes de segundo y cuarto curso de Educación Secundaria. Los resultados señalan que los procesos de interdependencia y transferencia se producen siguiendo los planteamientos de Cummins, pero también expresan las dificultades lingüísticas del alumnado. Las conclusiones también muestran que la proximidad lingüística de la lengua familiar no es un factor determinante en el conocimiento lingüístico del catalán y castellano. Finalmente, el estudio ofrece alternativas pedagógicas para mejorar la situación descrita desde una perspectiva intercultural.
La investigación en Teoría de la Educación
Authors: Martínez Martín Miguel , Buxarrais Estrada M. Rosa
Published: November 2020

This paper establishes as types of knowledge in the Theory of education the scientific and ordinary knowledge. We consider discursive and reflexive dimensions in this area with other dimensions looking for a relationship between the theory and the practice in a circular pattern of doing knowledge in order to obtain the optimization of the efficacy in the pedagogical action. It frames different prior areas of study and research considering an analysis of the research in the Theory of education carried out in the period of 1989-1991 in Spain. We defend a kind of methodology that overcomes the limits of classic paradigms, it was found that it has a minimal intervention of the researcher, high levels of molarity, and preserving the maximum level of rigour and validity.
La perspectiva ecológica y el discurso teórico de la educación
Authors: García Carrasco Joaquín
Published: November 2020

The concept of the environment has been paid special attention by the field of ecology and its study has been approached using analytical and explanatory criteria, while at the same time maintaining a protectionist attitude that is also in favour of a sustainable development. In this study the environment is taken as a perspective from which to study the Total Agent of educational processes. Using this approach, reasons were found for reconstructing the function of space in educational strategies, the role of the «outside » in institutional processes and the function of the complementary in curricular plans and designs. Intervention with respect to the enviroment, to situations, is constituted as a mechanism for promoting educational effects in subjects and a new field of responsabilities to be responded to culturally.
Constructivismo e intervención pedagógica: a propósito de quién construye
Authors: García Del Dujo Ángel
Published: November 2020

Among the multiple questions that arise from the practical application, both from the professional and research point of view, of the constructivist principles inspiring educational reform, there is one whose answer makes a difference in the orientation of both the theoretical analysis and practical functioning of the educational process. The question we are referring to is who is doing the constructing?. As opposed to the stances which would have the entire constructive activity fall on the internal control of the subject, the author defends the idea that there are different moments and spaces where constructive processes take place and there is always more than one constructor, which leads to the need for revising the concept of scaffolding.
Enfoques teóricos sobre la participación educativa en la vejez
Authors: Martín García Antonio Víctor
Published: November 2020

The purpose of this article is to examine and to estract of différents approaches and theoretical models about aging process, the more important outcomes for educative practice with regard to the educative participation of the older adults. The perspectives of différents approach such as biologic and behavioral perspective; Lifespan model; Disengagement theory; Activity theory; Subcultural theory; and Continuity theory are studied. Finally, the new gerontologies approaches concerning with relativization of the influence on educative participation factors age-asociated are discussed.
Caracterización pedagógica de los entornos virtuales de aprendizaje
Authors: García Del Dujo Ángel , Martín García Antonio Víctor
Published: November 2020

RESUMEN: El trabajo parte de la necesidad de explicar pedagógicamente los llamados entornos virtuales de aprendizaje. Al amparo de los denominados enfoques sociocultural, de la cognición compartida y del aprendizaje situado, así como del paradigma CSCL, el texto trata de profundizar en una línea de reflexión pedagógica sobre las formas como actúan las nuevas tecnologías y, en última instancia, sobre las formas como tienen lugar los procesos formativos en los entornos virtuales y las consecuencias que ello tiene para su diseño y configuración en términos pedagógicos.ABSTRACT: This study derives from the need to give a pedagogical explanation of the socalled virtual learning environments. Taking into account the socio-cultural approaches of distributed cognition and situated learning, as well as the CSCL paradigm, the text seeks to delve deeper into a line of pedagogical reflection on how the new technologies act, and in the last instance, how the educational processes in virtual environments take place as well as the consequences this has for their design and configuration in pedagogical terms.SOMMAIRE: Cette étude répond au besoin d'expliquer pédagogiquement les nommés environnements virtuels d'apprentissage. Prenant en considération les approches socioculturelles, de la cognition partagée, et de l'apprentissage situé, aussi que le paradigme CSCL, le texte essaie d'approfondir dans la réflexion pédagogique concernant la façon dont les nouvelles technologies agissent et, au dernier lieu, concernant la façon dont les processus de formation ont lieu dans les environnements virtuels, ainsi que les conséquences que cela a pour sa conception et la configuration en termes pédagogiques.
L'analphabétisme des pays industrialises: du mythe a la reconstruction des faits
Authors: Hautecoeur Jean-Paul
Published: November 2020

La primera intención de ete texto es relativizar las nociones de analfabetismo y de alfabetismo interpretándolas como hechos ideológicos a situar en una historia que explica su emergencia en lo imaginario de muchas sociedades occidentales. La segunda intención es descubrir otro espacio de investigación poco frecuentado: las condiciones materiales y sociales del desarrollo del alfabetismo en un contexto histórico particular y el análisis comparado de contextos diferentes como pueden presentar, por ejemplo, los países del Este y del Oeste de Europa.
Familia y transmisión de valores
Authors: Ortega Ruiz Pedro , Mínguez Vallejos Ramón
Published: November 2020

RESUMEN: En este artículo se hace una breve exposición de la «situación» de la familia en el contexto de la sociedad occidental. La «crisis» de la familia y los diferentes modelos de la estructura familiar son abordados, desde una perspectiva sociológica, como marco real para una educación en valores en el ámbito de la familia. Se defiende el papel fundamental de la familia como estructura de acogida, de reconocimiento del recién nacido. En ella encuentran los hijos las «condiciones ambientales» imprescindibles para el aprendizaje de los valores: el clima moral, de seguridad y confianza, de diálogo y responsabilidad que haga posible, desde la experiencia, la apropiación del valor. No se contemplan otros enfoques de carácter cognitivo en la educación familiar. Se parte de la necesidad de hacer de la experiencia en el ámbito familiar la situación privilegiada e insustituible para el aprendizaje de los valores morales. La familia educa más por lo que «hace» que por lo que «dice».ABSTRACT: This article makes a brief presentation of the family situation in the Western Society. The family crisis and several other family structure models are delt here from a sociological perspective, e. e., as a true framework for an education in terms of family. The family role is defended as a framework of protection in favour of the newborn. Therefore children can find an environment with «suitable conditions» that are of vital importance for learning of values that bear: morality, protection and assurance, dialogue and responsibility hence making the appropiation of values possible based on experience. No other focal points are contemplated that are cognitive in the family education except for the need to make the family environment a privileged and irreplaceable experience for the learning of moral values. The family brings up a child correctly for what it does rather than what it preaches.SOMMAIRE: Dans cet article on fait une brève exposition de la situation de la famille dans le contexte de la société occidentale. La «crise» de la famille et les différents modèles de la structure familiale sont abordés d'un point de vue sociologique, comme cadre réel pour une education en valeurs au sein de la famille. On defend le rôle fondamental de la famille comme structure d'accueil, de reconnaissance de l'enfant que vient de naître. Au sein de la famille les enfants trouvent «les conditions d'atmosphère » indispensables pour l'apprentissage des valeurs: le climat moral, de sécurité et de confiance, de dialogue et de responsabilité qui rende possible a partir de l'expérience, l'appropiation de la valeur. On n'envisage pas d'autres aspects de caractère cognitif dans l'éducation familiale. On part de la nécessité de faire de l'expérience dans le cadre familiale la situation privilégiée et irremplaçable pour l'apprentissage des valeurs morales. La famille enseigne plus parce ce qu'elle «fait» que ce qu'elle «dit».
Pedagogía Cultural: Paradigma crítico-creativo del saber-hacer referido a la educación
Authors: López Herrerías José Ángel
Published: November 2020

The paradigm of the CULTURAL PEDAGOGYtries to offer an archievement and change the very important perspective into the pedagogical knowledge, as the science of education. We have then to revise the functionalist schedule of the formal, informal and no-formal education. For this, on the one hand, to involve the pedagogical science, concerning to the individual and social, in other model most comprenhensive and easy with the proposal alternatives in the pedagogical action. People musn't learn anything as an individual or social being, although we are willing and able to learn with a gramatical experience in a cultural way. On the other hand, we want to achieve the former purpose, we manage a radical and coherent relation between the educational projection and the global cultural context. The suggestion of learnings, pedagogically projected, is connected with the reading, the interpretation and the change of the cultural environment, as a context of signs, wich builds the whole reality of the world. The psychical development and maturity aren't all learnings of individual being, but they area the references in a constant appeal and inwardness of the whole bio-psycho-social-cultural being, that is an everybody experience, put inside the bio-psychical construction of each person {cultural reality) and put outside the environmental world of experiences and rules {cultural reality
Reingeniería de la Evaluación de Programas de Formación
Authors: Martínez Mut Bernardo
Published: November 2020

The programmes evaluation acquières special relevance because of the social and economic dimensions of their outcomes. But it is difficult to defend that the programmes have been applied and evaluated in the same way they were planned. Therefore it es necessary to solve the question of the programmes evaluability, since it is imposible to attribute the out-comes to the activities without accomplishing several conditions or requirements; these are the conditions for the success of the programmes, which facilitate the integration between the planification and evaluation functions. We present two experiences about educative programmes in company that pretend to show the application of those conditions. The reengineering, as a strategy of radical improving of the processes, allows to re-design the evaluation and the planification functions of the programme.
Quelques éléments sur la dynamique de la prise d'information dans une tâche d'évaluation de connaissances par expert
Authors: Caverni Jean-Paul , Guercin François
Published: November 2020

Las experiencias presentadas en este artículo han sido concebidas con vistas a precisar una problemática concerniente a las características de la elaboración de una representación cognitiva del universo de la evaluación entre expertos, en una tarea concreta. Los expertos son aquí docentes, y su tarea consiste en evaluar el nivel de dominio de la lengua materna de alumnos de último curso del Ciclo Medio. Los soportes de evaluación son redacciones de francés, de las cuales se presentan varias versiones, haciendo variar la localization de la información concerniente al uso correcto o no de ciertas reglas de escritura. Del mismo modo, se hace variar la información dada a priori al experto en lo que se refiere al nivel del alumno. El seguimiento, en tiempo real, del proceso evaluativo durante la lectura se ve asegurado gracias a un paradigma experimental de ventana móvil. Los resultados permiten, en primer lugar, evidenciar los aspectos secuenciales de la presa de información, forzosamente limitada por el aspecto lineal del objeto, y validar parcialmente un modelo de organización de las representaciones entre expertos. En segundo lugar, encontramos que las heurísticas de juicios (y los sesgos asociados a ellas), puestas de manifiesto en situaciones de laboratorio, están igualmente presentes en una situación más próxima de la realidad cotidiana de una tarea de evaluación.
Desarrollo del pensamiento y proceso educativo: reflexiones y estrategias de optimización conjunta
Authors: Santos Rego Miguel Anxo
Published: November 2020

RESUMEN: La educación es proceso de desarrollo humano. Tal desarrollo tiene su epicentro más claro en la destreza por antonomasia: el pensamiento. Partimos de que el gran desafío al que se enfrenta la educación hoy es la necesidad de descubrir una nueva forma de pensamiento. Por ello sugerimos algunos enfoques y direcciones emergentes, intentando ayudar a pensar otras maneras de disponer el proceso educativo; con el objetivo de mejorar los marcos relaciónales asociados al éxito dentro y fuera del aula. Entre otras estrategias planteamos los beneficios del aprendizaje cooperativo, el lenguaje global y el aprendizaje holístico o basado en el conocimiento sobre el cerebro.SUMMARY: Education it is a process of human development. Such development has its clear epicentre in the skill par excellence: thinking. We start from a main point:today, the grat challenge that education has to confront is the need to discover a new way of thinking. Thus, we suggest some emergent approaches and directions, tiying to help thinking about other ways to arrange the educational process. In this sense, the objective is to improve the relational frames associted to the success within and out of classrooms. Among other strategies, we reflect about the benefits of cooperative learning, whole language, and holistic learning, also named learning based on brain knowledge.
Estrategias de aprendizaje. Estado de la cuestión. Propuestas para la intervención educativa
Authors: Gallardo López Bernardo
Published: November 2020

RESUMEN: es imposible enseñar al niño en la escuela todos los conocimientos que necesita para su vida. Por eso es necesario enseñarle no sólo conocimientos sino también estrategias de aprendizaje que le ayuden a aprender a aprender a lo largo de su vida. Nosotros defendemos que los profesores tienen que enseñarlas explícitamente en el aula. Después de conceptualizar las estrategias de aprendizaje en el conjunto de los procesos cognitivos y de clasificarlas, proponemos, en este artículo, técnicas para su enseñanza y claves para la intervención educativa.SUMMARY: it's impossible to teach children in the school all the knowledges they need for their life. It's why is necessary to teach them not only knowledges but also learning strategies which help them to learn to learn during all their life. We defend teachers have to teach them explicitely in the classroom. After studying these strategies in the whole of cognitive processes and afther classifying them, we propound some methods to teach them and some keys for educational intervention.
Juicio político, competencia cívica y pensamiento representativo. Un ensayo de fundamentación
Authors: Bárcena Orbe Fernando
Published: November 2020

RESUMEN: En este artículo se analiza la facultad de juicio político como una destreza principal de la dimensión cognitiva de la competencia cívica. El objetivo del artículo es colaborar en la construcción de una sólida base conceptual y filosófica para los estudios sobre la educación de la ciudadanía. Para ello, el autor presenta y evalúa la importancia, para el contexto de la reflexión educativa, del pensamiento político de Hannah Arendt, y en particular su teoría del juicio político.SUMMARY: In this paper the faculty of political judgment is analysed, conceived as a main craft of the cognitive dimension of civic competence. The objective of the paper is to help in building a secure conceptual foundation, from a philosophical point of view, in the theoretical studies of citizenship education. To this end, the author presents and evaluates the importance of Hannah Arendt's political thought, and particulary her theory of political judgment, to the context of educational reflection.
La regionalización de la educación como tecnología cognitiva virtual
Authors: Colom Cañellas Antoni J.
Published: November 2020

RESUMEN: La influencia de las nuevas tecnologías en la educación nos obliga a una redefinición conceptual de la misma. Tras analizar los efectos de la virtualidad en el campo de la educación, de la escuela y de los sujetos, se concibe la Teoría de la Educación como una tecnología cognitiva de carácter no trivial. Sólo así se plantea una educación para la innovación del conocimiento capaz de contemplar la creatividad y con ella las atribuciones propias del pensamiento sistémico. Además se confirman estas tesis con las últimas investigaciones de la neurociencia referidas al hemisferio cerebral derecho.ABSTRACT: The influence of new technology on education brings with it the necessity of a conceptual redefinition of the term. After analyzing the effects of virtuality in the field of education, in the school, and on the individuáis, we can conceive the Theory of Education as a cognitive technology of no trivial character. Only in this way can we design an education for the innovation of knowledge acquisition capable of contemplating creativity and along with in the attributions characteristic of systemic thought. Furthermore, these theses are being confirmed by the latest findings in neuroscience referring to the right hemisphere of the brain.
La imagen social del profesorado en la prensa
Authors: Civila Salas Amparo Consuelo
Published: November 2020

RESUMEN: Este artículo presenta un trabajo de investigación que ha consistido en el análisis de la imagen social del profesorado que se transmite en la prensa diaria. La imagen que se transmite desemboca en una visión negativa de la imagen social del hecho educativo en general, y afecta negativamente al proceso de aprendizaje que experimentan los alumnos, al proceso de enseñanza que desarrollan los profesores e incluso a la salud psíquica y física de éstos. Tan importante puede resultar el desprestigio gratuito, generalizado y desmesurado del profesor que merece ser tomado más en serio por estudios enfocados hacia la búsqueda de soluciones. Los medios de comunicación social pueden modificar la dirección de esta circunstancia si comienzan a transmitir una imagen del profesor más sincera, realista y ajustada, salvando los estereotipos.ABSTRACT: This article presents a work of research that has consisted of the analysis of the social image of the teaching professorship that is transmitted in the daily press. The image that is transmitted ends in a negative vision of the social image of the educational fact in general, and concerns negatively the learning process that the pupils experience, to the process of education that the teachers develop and even to the psychic and physical health of these. So importantly it can turn out to be the free, widespread and enormous loss of prestige of the teacher who deserves to be taken more seriously by studies focused towards the search of solutions. The media of social communication can modify the direction of this circumstance if they begin to transmit a more sincere, realistic and exact image of the teacher, saving the stereotypes.SOMMAIRE: Cet article présente un travail de recherche qui a consisté en l'analyse de l'image sociale du professorat qui est transmise dans la presse quotidienne. L'image qui est transmise aboutit à une vision négative de l'image sociale du fait éducatif en général et concerne négativement le processus d'étude que l'expérience d'élèves, au processus d'éducation que les enseignants développent et même à la santé psychique et physique d'entre ceux-ci. Si d'un air important il peut s'avérer être la perte gratuite, répandue et énorme de prestige de l'enseignant qui mérite d'être pris plus sérieusement par des études concentrées vers la recherche de solutions. Les médias de communication sociale peuvent modifier la direction de cette circonstance s'ils commencent à transmettre une image plus sincère, réaliste et exacte de l'enseignant, sauvant les stéréotypes.