bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
pandemia da COVID-19 e a necropolítica à brasileira
Authors: Sousa Cinthya Raquel de Moura
Published: February 2021

Em dezembro de 2019, na China, foi identificada a transmissão de um novo coronavírus, denominado SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19), e em março de 2020, a Organização Mundial de Saúde (OMS) decretou situação de pandemia. Nesse contexto, enquanto as autoridades internacionais adotavam as recomendações da OMS, o chefe do Executivo brasileiro, indo na contramão, adotou um discurso negacionista, minimizando a crise sanitária e incentivando o fim do isolamento social. Desde então, tem-se desenvolvida uma pesquisa qualitativa de caráter bibliográfico, construída com base em livros, revistas, artigos científicos, matérias jornalísticas, entre outras produções para a construção do presente artigo. Pode-se concluir, então, que as ações do presidente do Brasil e dos seguidores dele diante da pandemia da COVID-19 escancaram a perversidade da necropolítica, que coloca a economia em uma posição de maior importância do que a vida da população brasileira, o que implícita que a população é considerada como sendo formada por pessoas descartáveis.
Florida 4-H Horse Member Advancement Program Level III
Authors: Johnson Edward L. , Horton R. L. , Johnson Nancy
Published: February 2021

This program is designed to help members improve their understanding of horses and horse care, advance their skills in riding and handling horses, provide goals for leading, make their 4-H horse experiences more interesting and enjoyable, and let them progress at their own speeds while challenging them to keep working to become better horsemen and 4-H members. This document is 4HHSM52 of the Florida 4-H Youth Development Program, Florida Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida. Published 1989. Reviewed June 2002.
Rhythm of the Seasons: Planting Seeds of Safety, Harvesting Grains of Hope -- A Lesson Plan for Farm Safety Audiences
Authors: Lehtola Carol J. , Brown Charles M.
Published: February 2021

This lesson plan is designed as the basis for the IMBY Farm and Home Hazard Workshop. IMBY stands for “In My Back Yard” — that is where safety should begin. The lesson plan gives direction for the educational part of the workshop. This document is CIR 1437, one of a series of Florida AgSafe, a program in the Agricultural and Biological Engineering Department, Florida Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences (IFAS), University of Florida. First published April 2003.

https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/ae254
Evapotranspiration: Potential or Reference?
Authors: Irmak Suat , Haman Dorota Z.
Published: February 2021

The objective of this article is to define two commonly used evapotranspiration (ET) concepts: potential evapotranspiration (ETp) and reference evapotranspiration (ETo); and to provide insight on the differences between the two terms. A common understanding of these widely used concepts in agricultural communities will help to make communication easier between farmers/growers, extension agents, and researchers in the academic environment. This document is ABE 343, one of a series of the Agricultural and Biological Engineering Department, Florida Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida. Original publication date: June 2003.

ABE 343/AE256: Evapotranspiration: Potential or Reference? (ufl.edu)
New Plants for Florida: Strawberry
Authors: Chandler Craig , Jones Richard L. , Duryea Mary , Treat Berry J.
Published: February 2021

The Florida strawberry industry has continued to grow. There are now approximately 7,000 acres in production, with a crop value approaching $200 million. This growth is being fueled, in part, by new variety releases from the FAES breeding program. This document is part of Circular 1440, a publication of the Florida Agricultural Experiment Station, the Agronomy Department and IFAS Communication Services, Florida Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida. Publication date August 2003. Originally published as a booklet by IFAS Communication Services June 2003.

https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/ag207
New Plants for Florida: Sweet Corn
Authors: Scully Brian , Jones Richard L. , Duryea Mary , Treat Berry J.
Published: February 2021

Today, the sweet corn industry is one of the most robust vegetable industries in Florida, and nationally, sweetcorn is ranked second in consumption after tomato. Florida production uses about two dozen hybrids derived from about six different breeding programs. Over the years, the FAES breeding program has contributed an array of products, including hybrids and inbreds, along with germplasm that serves as the raw material for the development of future hybrids. This document is part of Circular 1440, a publication of the Florida Agricultural Experiment Station, the Agronomy Department and IFAS Communication Services, Florida Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida. Publication date August 2003. Originally published as a booklet by IFAS Communication Services June 2003.

https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/ag214
New Plants for Florida: Tropical Pumpkin
Authors: Jones Richard L. , Duryea Mary , Treat Berry J.
Published: February 2021

Tropical pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata Duchesne), also known as calabaza, calabash, auyama, ayote, or zapallo, is a species of pumpkin that is grown throughout the tropics and subtropics. Tropical pumpkins are a valuablesource of dietary carotenoids that have a major role in nutrition as provitamin A and antioxidants. Carotenoid concentrations in tropical pumpkin compare favorably with those in butternut squash. This document is part of Circular 1440, a publication of the Florida Agricultural Experiment Station, the Agronomy Department and IFAS Communication Services, Florida Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida. Publication date August 2003. Originally published as a booklet by IFAS Communication Services June 2003.
New Plants for Florida: Peanut
Authors: Maynard Don , Jones Richard L. , Duryea Mary , Treat Berry J.
Published: February 2021

The peanut originated in South America, and today it is widely grown for oil, roasted nuts, peanut butter and other products. Research on peanut breeding at FAES dates back to 1920. This document is part of Circular 1440, a publication of the Florida Agricultural Experiment Station, the Agronomy Department and IFAS Communication Services, Florida Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida. Publication date August 2003. Originally published as a booklet by IFAS Communication Services June 2003.

https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/ag216
New Plants for Florida: Forage
Authors: Jones Richard L. , Duryea Mary , Treat Berry J.
Published: February 2021

Forage improvement research at the FAES traces to its earliest days – the first forage grass variety was released in 1892, and the first forage legume variety was released in 1896. By 1915, almost 1700 plant introductions had been tested and evaluated as potential new varieties. This document is part of Circular 1440, a publication of the Florida Agricultural Experiment Station, the Agronomy Department and IFAS Communication Services, Florida Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida. Publication date August 2003. Originally published as a booklet by IFAS Communication Services June 2003.
New Plants for Florida: Turfgrass
Authors: Quesenberry Ken , Jones Richard L. , Duryea Mary , Treat Berry J.
Published: February 2021

There are more than four million acres of managed turfgrass in Florida, with 75 percent of these in residential lawns. Several warm-season turf species are important for use in Florida. The decision of which turfgrass species to use is based on the desired maintenance effort and geographic location within the state. This document is part of Circular 1440, a publication of the Florida Agricultural Experiment Station, the Agronomy Department and IFAS Communication Services, Florida Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida. Publication date August 2003. Originally published as a booklet by IFAS Communication Services June 2003.

https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/ag220
New Plants for Florida: Tropical Foliage
Authors: Henny Jake , Jones Richard L. , Duryea Mary , Treat Berry J.
Published: February 2021

Foliage breeding began in 1976 at FAES with Jake Henny and Gary Wilfret focusing on members of the family Araceae (referred to as aroids) and Caladium, respectively. This document is part of Circular 1440, a publication of the Florida Agricultural Experiment Station, the Agronomy Department and IFAS Communication Services, Florida Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida. Publication date August 2003. Originally published as a booklet by IFAS Communication Services June 2003.

https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/ag221
The Genetics of Resistance to Gastrointestinal Parasites in Florida Native Sheep
Authors: Estrada Reyes Zaira Magdalena , Rae D. Owen , Postley Carol , Mateescu Raluca G.
Published: February 2021

This 3-page publication provides a brief overview of resistance to gastrointestinal nematode infections in Florida Native sheep. Written by Zaira M. Estrada Reyes, Owen Rae, Carol Postley, and Raluca G. Mateescu, and published by the UF/IFAS Department of Animal Sciences, August 2020.
Seashore Paspalum Management for Home Lawn Use in Florida
Authors: Trenholm Laurie E. , Unruh Joseph Bryan
Published: February 2021

While seashore paspalum generally does very well under professional management on golf courses or athletic fields, lack of knowledge on how to properly manage the grass in the home lawn environment may result in problems. Management of seashore paspalum differs from that for most other warm-season grasses in some key areas. These include: fertilization, mowing, irrigation, herbicides , insect and disease problems, and establishment requirements. This document is ENH 897, one of a series of the Environmental Horticulture Department, Florida Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida. Original publication date June, 2003.
Assistance for Florida's Rural Communities: The Rural Economic Development Initiative
Authors: Cothran Hank , Mulkey David , Blakeslee Mary Helen
Published: February 2021

The Rural Economic Development Initiative (REDI) was established to better serve Florida's rural communities by providing a more focused and coordinated effort among state and regional agencies that provide programs and services for rural areas. REDI is housed in the Governor's Office of Tourism, Trade, and Economic Development (OTTED) where it coordinates the efforts of state and regional agencies working to assist qualified communities. This document specifies the criteria for eligibility for assistance, notes the participating agencies, describes the duties and responsibilities of REDI, and provides contact information. This is EDIS document FE426, a publication of the Department of Food and Resource Economics, Florida Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL. Published August 2003. 

https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/fe426
University of Florida Potato Variety Trials Spotlight: Atlantic
Authors: Mwatuwa Rodrick Z. , Christensen Christian T, , Zotarelli Lincoln
Published: February 2021

This article introduces the potato variety, ‘Atlantic’, which was tested in trials at the University of Florida.’Atlantic’ is a white-skinned, chipping potato commonly cultivated in Florida and resealed as a white mutant of the USDA breeding program. This three-page fact sheet provides the general characteristics, season length and growth information, fertilization and planting instructions, as well as disease information for the potato variety, ‘Atlantic’. Written by Rodrick Z. Mwatuwa, Christian T. Christensen, and Lincoln Zotarelli, and published by the Horticultural Sciences Department. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/hs1278
Stem-End Rind Breakdown of Citrus Fruit
Authors: Ritenour Mark A. , Dou Huating
Published: February 2021

Sporadic reports of stem-end rind breakdown (SERB) on fresh citrus fruit occur each season in Florida. SERB is most severe on oranges and Temples, but it may also occur on tangelos and grapefruit. Although there is still much that needs to be learned about the development and prevention of SERB, there are some principles that can be applied to help reduce SERB development in fresh fruit packed in Florida. This document is HS936, one of a series of the Horticultural Sciences Department, Florida Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food andAgricultural Sciences, University of Florida. Publication date: July 2003. 

HS936/HS193: Stem-End Rind Breakdown of Citrus Fruit (ufl.edu)
Dwarfing and Freeze Hardiness Potential of Trifoliate Orange Rootstocks
Authors: Ferguson James J. , Chaparro Jose
Published: February 2021

While Flying Dragon has shown some promise as a freeze hardy and dwarfing rootstock, questions often arise about its rootstock genetics, rootstock/scion interactions, and cultural practices that can affect tree size. Accordingly, the purpose of this fact sheet is to discuss these issues as they relate to trifoliate orange rootstocks, especially Flying Dragon. This document is HS982, one of a series of the Horticultural Sciences Department, Florida Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida. Publication date: October 2004. 

HS982/HS221: Dwarfing and Freeze Hardiness Potential of Trifoliate Orange Rootstocks (ufl.edu)
Jamaican Field Cricket, Gryllus assimilis (Fabricius) (Insecta: Orthoptera: Gryllidae)
Authors: Walker Thomas J.
Published: February 2021

This species was first described from Jamaica and is widespread in the West Indies. It may have first become established in south Florida as recently as the early 1950's. Its scientific name (Gryllus assimilis or Acheta assimilis) was applied to all New World field crickets until 1957. This document is EENY-069, one of a series of Featured Creatures from the Entomology and Nematology Department, Florida Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida. Published: January 1999. Reviewed: May 2003.

EENY069/IN226: Jamaican Field Cricket, Gryllus assimilis (Fabricius) (Insecta: Orthoptera: Gryllidae) (ufl.edu)
American Cockroach, Periplaneta americana (Linnaeus) (Insecta: Blattaria: Blattidae)
Authors: Barbara K. A.
Published: February 2021

The American cockroach, Periplaneta americana (Linnaeus), is the largest of the common peridomestic cockroaches measuring on average 4 cm in length. It occurs in buildings throughout Florida especially in commercial buildings. In the northern United States the cockroach is mainly found in steam heat tunnels or large institutional buildings. The American cockroach is second only to the German cockroach in abundance. This document is EENY-141, one of a series of Featured Creatures from the Entomology and Nematology Department, Florida Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida. Published: June 2000.

EENY141/IN298: American Cockroach, Periplaneta americana (Linnaeus) (Insecta: Blattodea: Blattidae) (ufl.edu)
Crazy Ant, Paratrechina longicornis (Latreille) (Insecta: Hymenoptera: Formicidae)
Authors: Nickerson J. C. , Barbara Kathryn A.
Published: February 2021

Crazy ants, Paratrechina longicornis (Latreille), occurs in large numbers in homes or outdoors. They often forage long distances away from their nests, so nests are often difficult to control. The name "crazy ant" arises from its characteristic erratic and rapid movement not following trails as often as other ants. The crazy ant is so morphologically distinctive that it is one of the few Paratrechina that is not consistently misidentified in collections (Trager 1984). This document is EENY-142, one of a series of Featured Creatures from the Entomology and Nematology Department, Florida Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida. Published: June 2000.

EENY142/IN299: Crazy Ant, Paratrechina longicornis (Latreille), (Insecta: Hymenoptera: Formicidae) (ufl.edu)
Monitoring Susceptibility of Whiteflies to Imidacloprid and Resistance Management for Nicotinoid Insecticides
Authors: Schuster David J. , Thompson Sandra , Morris II Roy F.
Published: February 2021

The purpose of the investigation discussed in this article was to assess and monitor the susceptibility of field populations to imidacloprid and to compare estimates of susceptibility with in-field efficacy of imidacloprid. This document is ENY681, a publication of the Entomology and Nematology Sciences Department, Florida Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida. Publication Date: September 2003.
Irrigation and Household Water Test and Interpretation
Authors: Mylavarapu Rao
Published: February 2021

Analytical tests for samples of water from sources, usually wells, intended for irrigation and/or household usage are offered through the University of Florida/IFAS Extension Soil Testing Laboratory (ESTL) in Gainesville. The tests offered only help diagnose potential problems in the pipelines and plumbing. The ESTL does not test for suitability of the water for human consumption. Test for bacteria and other contaminants with regards to human consumption may be available from your County Health Department or from selected commercial laboratories. This document is SL219, a fact sheet of the Soil and Water Science Department, Florida Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida. Original publication date October 2004.

SL219/SS440: Irrigation and Household Water Test and Interpretation (ufl.edu)
50 Common Native Plants Important In Florida's Ethnobotanical History
Authors: Allen Ginger M. , Bond Michael D. , Main Martin B.
Published: February 2021

In this document we provide an introduction to ethnobotany in Florida and brief insight into the historical importance of some of Florida's plants to humans. We hope this document inspires readers to further investigate their region's ethnobotanical history. This information is not intended as a guide to using plants for medicinal or other purposes. This document is Circular 1439, one of a series of the Wildlife Ecology and Conservation Department, Florida Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida. Published: December 2002.
Manipulative policy of Japan on correlation of economic and defense (military) potential
Authors:   L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Uteuliyeva G. K.
Published: February 2021

Japan is known around the world for its «economic miracle», since the end of the XX century began to experience an economic crisis, which is even more intense at the present time. Japan is one of the countries that has the highest public debt relative to GDP. Nevertheless, it continues to be one of the most economically developed countries in the world. In addition, there have recently been drastic changes in the field of defense: the transformation of the national defense Department into a full-fledged Ministry, an increase in the budget allocated to defense, etc. The issue of constitutional reform (amendments to article 9) is on the agenda. The practical majority of reforms take place under the rule of the current Prime Minister, Shinzo Abe. The purpose of the article is to study and evaluate the mutual influence of economic growth and the strengthening of Japan’s military power
International initiatives and works of the First President of the Republic of Kazakhstan N. Nazarbayev in the field of global security
Authors:   L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Kakenova G. M. ,   L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Sakhova B. S.
Published: February 2021

Since the collapse of the Soviet Union and independence by the Central Asian countries, each of the countries has chosen its own individual development path and model for building relationships with the world community and with the states of the region (CA). This issue is particularly relevant in the context of major changes caused by the improvement of relations between the countries of the region, the change and transit of power in Uzbekistan and Kazakhstan (peacefully without war and revolution). Dramatic changes occurred in foreign and domestic policy in Uzbekistan with the advent of Shavkat Mirziyoyev and the implementation of very serious and large-scale reforms in the country, which led to the rapprochement and improvement of relations between Uzbekistan and all countries of the region in a very short period. The article discusses the initiatives of regional unification by the countries of Central Asia and their measures taken along this path, as well as the role of regional actors and their alternative projects for the countries of the region.
Taiwanese Factor In Modern American-Chinese Relations
Authors:   Abylay Khan Kazakh University of International Relations and World Languages, Makhammaduly S.
Published: February 2021

The article analyzes the historical foundations, current state, and prospects of the development of dialogue between the shores of the Taiwan Strait. The research of US analytical centers on the prospects of the development of US-Chinese relations and the «Taiwan Question» is examined. Over the decades of virtually separate development, with the serious influence of the United States, radical changes have taken place in the political culture of the citizens of the Republic of China. The so-called “Taiwanese mentality” is being formed on the island, and the idea of Taiwan’s sovereignty is becoming more and more popular.
A magyarországi szexkamera-iparág : Digitális technológia, platformkapitalizmus és a szexipar normalizálása
Authors: Barna Emília , Katona Noémi
Published: February 2021

A tanulmányban a szexkamera-iparág kialakulását és működését elemezzük a platformcégek központi szerepére és az iparágban dolgozók munkájára fókuszálva. Magyarországi példán, az iparágban dolgozókkal folytatott interjús kutatásunk alapján vizsgáljuk, miként változott a digitalizáció nyomán a szexipar és azon belül a szexkamera-iparág a globális gazdaságban, és hogyan működnek azok a platformcégek, amelyek ennek az átalakulásnak központi szereplői – köztük a magyarországi alapítású LiveJasmin. Vizsgáljuk, hogy Magyarország félperifériás pozíciója a kapitalista világrendszerben hogyan határozza meg az itteni szereplők munkakörülményeit, lehetőségeit a globális iparágon belül. Elemzésünkben tehát a platformkapitalizmusban és a digitális munkában megjelenő globális egyenlőtlenségeket mutatjuk be a szexkamera-iparágban magyarországi, félperifériás szereplők szemszögéből, valamint arra is rámutatunk, hogy milyen szerepet játszanak a szexkamera-platformok – mint a LiveJasmin – a szexipar normalizálásában.
Moralizálás nélküli hit : Szekularizált vallásosság és tradicionalizmus Magyarországon
Authors: Bognár Bulcsu , Kmetty Zoltán
Published: February 2021

A tanulmány azt kutatja, hogy a kormányzati politikától megerősítést kapott vallásosság milyen jegyekkel rendelkezik Magyarországon. A kutatás a társadalmi cselekvők értékrendjét az államilag szankcionált és nem szankcionált normaszegésekhez fűződő viszonyon keresztül értelmezi. A reprezentatív minta eredményei több dimenzióban is egyfajta szekularizált vallásosságot mutatnak. A magyarországi vallásosak értékorientációjában a szekuláris társadalomhoz való illeszkedés figyelhető meg. Főbb tendenciában az látható, hogy a vallásos emberek morális ítéletei nem különböznek a magukat nem vallásosnak vagy kifejezetten ateistának tartók felfogásától. Felszámolódóban van a vallásos hitnek azon jellege, amely keresztény gyökereihez híven vallásos világképét a vallási hagyomány értéktételezéséből nyeri. A magyarországi vallásosság ebben az értelemben a moralizálás nélküli hittel jellemezhető. A magyarországi vallásosak alapvetően már nem a szekularizált nyilvánosságban meghaladottnak tekintett vallási hagyományuk alapján tájékozódnak, hanem a szekularizált világ értékei mentén, ezzel óhatatlanul eltávolodva keresztény gyökereiktől. A vallási tradicionalizmus leginkább csak a homoszexuálisokkal kapcsolatos állásfoglalásban jelenik meg.
TINGKAT DEPRESI PADA KLIEN KANKER
Authors: Wakhid Abdul , Sukarno Sukarno
Published: February 2021

AbstrakKanker adalah salah satu penyakit yang paling ditakuti karena menyebabkan kematian. Masalah psikologis yang paling banyak ditemukan pada klien kanker adalah depresi yang berdampak pada pengobatan yang dilakukan, memperpanjang waktu hospitalisasi, penurunan proses terapi, serta ketahanan hidup klien.Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui gambaran tingkat depresi pada klien kanker di rumah sakit “K” Kabupaten Semarang. Desain penelitian ini deskriptifdengan pendekatan survei. Populasi dari penelitian ini pasien di rumah sakit “K” yang menderita kanker dengan jumlah sampel 22 responden menggunakan teknik purposive sampling. Alat pengambilan data menggunakan kuesioner BackDepressionInventory. Analisis data menggunakananalisisunivariat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tingkat depresi pada klien kanker sebagian besar mengalami depresi sedang (86,4%). Sebaiknya pihak rumah sakit “K” Kabupaten Semarang perlu merancang intervensi untuk mengelola depresi pasien kanker. Kata kunci: Tingkat Depresi,  Kanker AbstractDepression levels among in cancer clients. Cancer is one of the most feared diseases because it causes death. The most common psychological problems found in cancer clients are depression that affect streatment, pro longs the time of hospitalization, decreases the therapeutic process, and client survival. The purpose of this study was to determine the level of depression in cancer clients at “K” Hospital, Semarang Regency. The study design was descriptive with a survey approach. The population of this study was patients at “K” Hospital who had cancer with a sample of 22 respondents using purposive sampling technique. The data collection tool uses the Back Depression Inventory questionnaire. Data analysis using univariate analysis. The results showed that the rateof depression in cancer clients was mostly moderate depression (86.4%). It is betterif the hospital unit of “K” Semarang District needs to design interventions to manage depression in cancer patients. Keywords: Level of Depression, Cancer
Gambaran Pruritus Uremik Pasien Gagal Ginjal Kronik di Unit Hemodialisa Rumah Sakit Umum Pusat Haji Adam Malik Medan
Authors: Sembiring Friska , Nasution Siti Saidah , Ariani Yesi
Published: February 2021

Uremic pruritus is one of patient’s complaint about chronic kidney disease which is an uncomfortable and itchy sensation and can cause disturbances during the day or night and can even occur throughout the day such as sleep disturbance, activity, depression and complications in the skin that can reduce the quality of life of patients with chronic kidney failure. This study aims to look at the description of uremic pruritus experienced by patients with chronic kidney failure using descriptive quantitative design. The instruments used in this study were demographic data and a 5-D itch scale questionnaire. This research was conducted at the General Hospital of Haji Adam Malik Medan in one month with a sample of 49 people. The results of the study of the characteristics of respondents describe the majority of elderly (26.5%) who suffer from uremic pruritus, male gender (61.2%), have experienced uremic pruritus for more than 6 weeks (100%), the majority have undergone hemodialysis> 1 year (79.6%) and the majority are no longer working (73.5%) and hypertension is the majority of concomitant diseases (73.5%) with an itching scale of 15-24 (moderate) of 59.2%. This study provides some information on the factors that cause and that aggravate the incidence of uremic pruritus in patients with chronic renal failure so that nurses can get more leverage in nursing care for patients with uremic pruritus, especially in patients with chronic kidney failure.
GAMBARAN STIGMA MASYARAKAT TERHADAP PASIEN GANGGUAN JIWA DI DESA BUKU
Authors: Akbar K Fredy , Darmiati Darmiati , Wati Isma
Published: February 2021

Gangguan jiwa adalah sindrom pola perilaku individu yang berkaitan dengan suatu gejala penderitaandan pelemahan didalam satu atau lebih fungsi penting dari manusia, yaitu fungsi psikologik, perilaku,biologik, gaangguan tersebut mempengaruhi hubungan antara dirinya sendiri dan juga masyarakatStigma yang terus tumbuh dimasyarakat dapat merugikan dan memperburuk bagi yang terkena labelsosial ini.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat gambaran stigma masyarakat terhadap pasiengangguan jiwa.Penelitian ini menggunakan kuisioner, untuk mengetahui hasil dari stigma masyarakatterhadap pasien gangguan jiwa. Dalam penelitian ini sampel yang akan diambil yaitu berjenis kelaminperempuan yang berusia 25-40 tahun ke atas dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 30 sampel. Metode yangdigunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu metode Deskriptif, metode deskriptif disini adalah salah satujenis metode penelitian yang menyajikan gambaran lengkap untuk mendeskripsikan, menjelaskanyang menjadi objek penelitian.
EFEKTIVITAS PENINGKATAN PENGETAHUAN KESEHATAN GIGI DAN MULUT MENGGUNAKAN MEDIA VIDEO DAN PERMAINAN ULAR TANGGA PADA SISWA SEKOLAH DASAR NEGERI CANDI 01 SEMARANG
Authors: Setiadi Obed Kris , Yulianti Natalia Ratna , Wahyuningrum Eka , Nancy Caecilia
Published: February 2021

Background: Dental caries is one of the serious health problems in school children. This put children on high risk of school achievement decreasing and lack of nutrition. It is important to provide them a health education which could be done by play program. There were two play programs proven as effective for health education namely snake ladder and watching video. However, little is known which program is more effective. This study aimed to investigate differences of increasing dental and mouth health knowledge using snake lader media and video. Methods: This study employed Pretest-Posttest nonequivalent control group design and  conducted in Candi 01 Elementary School, Semarang City. The sample of 74 people divided into 2 groups, 1 snake ladder group and 2 groups. Each group consisted of 37 people. Result: It was found that the snake ladder game was more effective in increasing health knowledge, in the Mann-Whitney alternative test the p value was 0.000 (p <0.005).Conclusion: There are differences in the benefits of health and oral knowledge using media videos and snake games on Candi 01 elementary school students in Semarang City.
Morphology, Histopathology and Hematology as Biomarkers of Cadmium Toxicity in Field Rats
Authors:   Department of Zoology, Faculty of Wildlife and Fisheries, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan., Wakeel Javeria , Ehsan Nazia ,   epartment of Zoology, Faculty of Wildlife and Fisheries, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan., Waseem Akhtar Rana ,   Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Muhammad Nawaz Shareef University of Agriculture, Multan, Pakistan., Shah Syed Aftab Hussain ,   Pakistan Scientific & Technological Information Centre, Quaid-i-Azam University Campus, Islamabad, Pakistan.
Published: February 2021

Background: Cadmium is known as a unique heavy metal compared to others, due to its long half-life, low discharge from the body, toxicity at low concentrations and accumulation in tissues. Methods: The effects of chronic and acute Cadmium (Cd) exposure were investigated on the morphology and histopathology of 24 field rats (Millardia meltada). The rats were divided into two groups of 12 each, then sub-divided into: one control and two treatment sub-groups with Cd in the feed or water. The treatment subgroups received either 15mg/kg (low) or 30mg/kg (high) Cd concentration in the feed. Results: Hemorrhagic spots and fibrosis were observed in the liver of Cd treated rats compared to the controls. Also, necrosis, dilation, and calcinosis occurred in the renal tubules of the treatment groups compared to the controls. The levels of hemoglobin, red and white blood cells, hematocrit, and mean corpuscular hemoglobin were reduced, while mean corpuscular volume and hemoglobin concentrations were increased. Conclusion: This study reports the morphological, pathological and hematological abnormalities in the blood, liver and kidneys of rats due to Cd toxicity, which may be considered as the biomarkers of cadmium toxicity in other experimental mammals.
Advanced Oxidation Process Efficiently Removes Ampicillin from Aqueous Solutions
Authors:   Department of Environmental Engineering, Ahvaz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran., Shokri Rouhollah , Jalilzadeh Yengejeh Reza ,   Department of Environmental Engineering, Ahvaz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran, Babaei Ali Akbar ,   Department of Environmental Engineering, Ahvaz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran., Derikvand Ehsan ,   Department of Water Science, Shoushtar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shoushtar, Iran., Almasi Ali ,   Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Social Development and Health Promotion Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
Published: February 2021

Background: Antibiotics are considered important and integral parts of modern life, and are widely used for treating human and animal illnesses, in medicine and veterinary medicine. However, they can cause environmental pollution and may lead to increased bacterial resistance even at low concentrations. Methods: In this study, Ampicillin degradation from β-lactam antibiotic family was studied, using a surface methodology consisting of ultraviolet radiation (254 nm) and H2O2 oxidation process in an 8-watt Pyrex reactor. The variables used included the reaction time (30-60 min), Ampicillin concentration (5-25 mg/l), H2O2 concentration (5-25 mg/l), and pH range of 3-9 at three alpha levels of -1, 0 and +1. Results: The data were analyzed by the analysis of variance test (ANOVA), while the validity was evaluated using regression coefficients. The optimum condition for Ampicillin degradation followed a linear model, at a 60-min. reaction time and pH 3, the Ampicillin (5mg/l) and hydrogen peroxide (25mg/l) provided the maximum antibiotic removal efficiency (82%). Conclusions: The results suggest a positive and significant effect for the antibiotic concentration and a negative effect for the pH. The Ampicillin concentration with a coefficient of 8.91 had the highest impact on the efficiency of the removal process. Therefore, antibiotic pollution in the environment can be reduced through the UV-H2O2 process, so as to protect human health from the associated hazards.
Heavy Metal Contaminations at Two Iranian Copper Mining Areas and the Remediation by Indigenous Plants
Authors:   Department of Geology, Faculty of Science, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran., Hoseinpour Farhad , Hosein-Nejad Mohtarami Mostafa ,   Department of Geology, Faculty of Science, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran., Alipour Samad ,   Department of Geology, Faculty of Science, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran., Torbati Samaneh ,   Urmia Lake Research Institute, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.
Published: February 2021

Background: High concentrations of various heavy metals of mine tailings can easily contaminate the environment. Such materials need monitoring and remediation to prevent them from polluting the environment and food chain. Methods: The concentrations of certain metals were evaluated in the soil samples at Sorkheh and Mazraeh copper mining areas in northwestern Iran, using three reliable pollution indices. We assessed the ability of three plants, Alhaji maurorum and Stachys inflata at Sorkheh mines, and Cirsium vulgare at Mazraeh mines, the dominant plants grown in those areas, in taking up the metals from the associated soils. The plant and soil samples were analyzed inductively by coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Results: The results revealed that the soil samples at Sorkheh and Mazraeh mining areas were highly contaminated with As at CF values of 16.9 and 4.6, respectively. The soil samples from the two mining areas were moderately contaminated with Pb and Zn. The data confirmed that A. maurorum and S. inflata had a good ability to accumulate Cd, Mo and Sc from the soils in Sorkheh area. The other plant, C. vulgare, accumulated Zn and Pb at 1891 mg/kg and 18.6 mg/kg, respectively. The studied plants were good indicators of heavy metals contaminating the soils in these mining areas. Conclusion: This study provided geochemical evidence about the heavy metals that contaminated the soils in the mining areas, and contributed new information about these toxic metals and their concentrations in the three plants and the soil samples.
Antioxidant and Hypolipidemic Effects of Methanolic Root Extract of Chromolaena odorata in Alloxan-induced Diabetic Rats
Authors:   Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Nigeria., Omonije Oluyemisi Omotayo , Saidu Abubakar Ndaman ,   Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Nigeria., Muhammad Hadiza Lami ,   Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Nigeria.
Published: February 2021

Background: Chromolaena odorata (C. odorata) is a medicinal plant with hypoglycemic effect known in traditional medicine. The present study investigated the in vitro antioxidant and in vivo anti-hyperglycemic effect of the methanol root extract of C. odorata in rats. Methods: Phytochemical compositions were evaluated, using standard procedures while the antioxidant activities were examined, using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging and ferric reducing power (FRAP) assays. Twenty albino rats were administered 120 mg/kg of body weight (bw) alloxan and were divided into four groups of five animals each. Groups A to D were treated with 2 ml/kg of normal saline, 300 mg/kg, 500 mg/kg bw extract and 5 mg/kg bw glibenclamide, respectively, through oral route for 14 days. Blood samples were collected and prepared for the analysis of serum lipids profile. Results: The extract contained tannins (54.76±4.08 mg/100 g), saponins (322.78±17.35 mg/100 g), glycosides, alkaloids (74.34±6.08 mg/100 g), flavonoids (79.63±4.55 mg/100 g), phenols (154.32±11.21 mg/100 g), glycosides, steroids and reducing sugar. The extract promoted the inhibition of DPPH radicals with IC50 values of 191.68±1.68 µg/mL. In comparison with the untreated controls, total cholesterol, Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol and triglycerides were significantly reduced (P<0.05) following treatment with C. odorata extract while high density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol, was significantly increased. Conclusion: The C. odorata extract exhibited antioxidant and hypolipidemic effects in alloxan-induced diabetic rat, thus could be considered as a natural product in the management of dyslipidemia secondary to diabetes.
Acute Toxicity Studies and Anti-plasmodial Potentials of Newbouldia laevis and Crateva adansonii in Plasmodium Berghei-infected Mice
Authors:   Department of Basic and Applied Sciences, Niger State Polytechnic P.M.B. 01, Zungeru, Nigeria., Tsado Amos Ndarubu ,   Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B. 65, Minna, Niger State, Nigeria., Jigam Audu Ali ,   Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B. 65, Minna, Niger State, Nigeria., Akanya Helmina Olufunmilola ,   Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B. 65, Minna, Niger State, Nigeria., Ossamulu Ifeanyi Famous ,   Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B. 65, Minna, Niger State, Nigeria., Damola Stephen ,   Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Health Sciences, Anadolu University, Eskisehir, Turkey.
Published: February 2021

Background: Newbouldia laevis and Crateva adansonii are popular plants used traditionally in the management of patients with malaria infection in Nigeria. In this study, the acute toxicity and anti-plasmodial effects of the leaf extracts of Newbouldia laevis and Crateva adansonii were investigated in mice. Methods: The Anti-plasmodial activities of both extracts were investigated individually and combined in mice infected with the chloroquine sensitive ANKA-65 Plasmodium berghei strain. Five groups of four mice each were used in our experiments. The LD50 was determined, using the line equation of the mortality against dose levels plot. Results: The extracts of N. laevis and C. adansonii had a safety level of 200 mg/kg (LD50= 471.43 mg/kg) and 600 mg/kg (LD50=3,500 mg/kg), respectively. Each experimental group was infected with P. berghei strain. The percent inhibition of parasitemia induced by the extracts of N. laevis and C. adansonii were 30.14±2.88% and 61.35±1.41%, respectively, compared to the 78.89% achieved for the standard drug (chloroquine). Mice treated with the combined extracts had a parasite inhibition of 24.23±0.86%. Upon the analysis of the extracts, there were tannins, steroids, flavonoids, saponins and alkaloids in both. The quantitative analyses revealed that tannins were the most abundant (261.85±4.76 mg/100 g & 92.71±6.58 mg/100 g) while saponins were the least abundant (15.09±1.13 mg/100 g & 14.08±1.28 mg/100 g) phytochemicals in both extracts. Conclusion: The findings support the notion that the traditional use of either plant in the management of malaria in Nigeria appears to be logical.
Marginalism and Marxism: The first encounter
Authors: Kapeliushnikov R. I.
Published: February 2021

The paper discusses a critical episode in the history of economic thought of the 19th century — the first encounter between marginalism and Marxism. It happened in 1884, when Philip Wickstead published a short twenty-page text in the magazine of “scientific” socialism “To-Day” under the laconic title “Das Kapital: a Сriticism”. The paper briefly traces the creative path of Wickstead; considers the reasons that prompted him to make a stand against Marxism; analyzes his main criticisms; describes the reaction to them by his contemporaries (both professional economists and adherents of socialism) and evaluates the place of his work in the history of ideas. It is noted that Wicksteed’s article was not only the first encounter of marginalism with Marxism, but also the first popular exposituion of the theory of marginal utility (in the version of S. Jevons), which was completely new for that time. His criticism was radical in nature, since it was aimed not at revealing partial shortcomings, but at the complete collapse of the Marxist construction and its replacement with an alternative theoretical scheme. Amazingly, none of Marx’s supporters dared to accept Wickstead’s challenge and his criticism was never publicly contested by them. This seemingly inconspicuous event turned out to be of crucial historical significance. Under the influence of Wickstead, the Fabians rejected the labor theory of value and British socialism (in its main part) ceased to be Marxist forever.
Funding of science: A comparison of approaches and outcomes in Russia and Germany
Authors: Tsedilin L. I.
Published: February 2021

Russia and Germany use fundamentally different models of science funding. Russian government has inherited planning and distribution system’s principles in this sphere, when the development of the military-industrial complex was an absolute priority. The modern Russian model of R&D financing is also characterized by the predominance of the state research funding and insignificant business participation in R&D investment. The German model of science financing with the predominance of the business sector in the structure of investment in science shows more significant results and contributes more to the transformation of science into a real productive force. These fundamental differences directly affect the export performance of high-tech products (in Germany it is 20 times higher). The comparison of approaches to R&D financing and the results of their application lead to the conclusion that it is necessary to reform the Russian model of financing usage.
What do we (not) know about the effectiveness of the monetary policy tools in the modern world?
Authors: Goryunov E. L. , Drobyshevsky S. M. , Mau V. A. , Trunin P. V.
Published: February 2021

Monetary policy played a dominant role in ensuring macroeconomic stability in the advanced economies for two decades, from the mid-1980s to 2007, and appeared to be a very effective tool for smoothing economic cycles and maintaining price stability. After the global financial crisis of 2007—2009 the effectiveness of monetary policy was put under question, since it did not succeed in ensuring rapid economic recovery in the advanced economies despite massive use of both conventional and unconventional monetary tools. The paper addresses the factors which are responsible for the weakening of the monetary policy effectiveness including global disinflation, the Phillips curve flattening, the effective lower bound problem and the neutral real rate decline. Unconventional monetary policy tools, such as the “helicopter money”, targeted refinancing and other prospective tools, are analyzed. We critically assess recommendations of the Modern Monetary Theory (MMT) as the most consistent heterodox theory. Based on the analysis, we draw conclusions about the possibility of monetary policy weakening in Russia in the foreseeable future and desirability of the implementation of the hybrid fiscal-monetary measures.
Numerical Simulation of Physical Transportation Network
Authors: Liang Alexander
Published: February 2021

Prior experiments with physarum polycephalum, a plasmodial slime mold, have shown its inherent biological ability to adapt to the surroundings. When placed in an environment with food surrounding it, it builds a network of biological pipelines to the food that reinforces heavily used pipelines and withdraws those rarely used. Interestingly, the human body displays a similar ability. The development of our circulatory system is in the absence of our brain or nervous system, which suggests humans mimic low level organisms in the regard that our biological transportation systems are self-regulating and self-constructing. Like slime molds, this adaptive quality suggests that our biological networks follow a method of lowest energy consumption: energy is allocated to maintaining and constructing only the most efficient paths. Thus, the purpose of our model is to explain the biological mechanism of how organisms construct a pipeline network through a mathematical model. The model is developed using 2 main assumptions: (1) The network exists in a hexagonal grid system and (2) there only exists nodes that are sinks, sources, or neither. Borrowing Kirchhoff’s Law and other electric circuit principles, we determine an energy function for the construction and maintenance of a biological pipeline network in our model dependent on the current, conductivity, and pressure within the pipelines. The method we develop in this paper is called the negative gradient flow method. Given any initial values for the pipeline, the negative gradient flow method is an algorithm for unconstrained nonlinear optimization that finds at each instant the next set of values to most minimize the function until eventually reaching the minimizer values. Accomplishing the main goal of this paper, the negative gradient flow improves upon existing models at replicating natural phenomena since it is based on the evolutionary advantage of lowest energy consumption.