bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ПЕРЕВАГИ ТА НЕДОЛІКИ СОЦІАЛЬНОГО ЗАХИСТУ ПРАЦІВНИКІВ ПУБЛІЧНОЇ СЛУЖБИ
Authors: Гаврилюк В. О.
Published: February 2021

У статті йдеться про соціальний захист працівників державної служби. Мета статті полягає у з'ясуванні переваг та недоліків сучасного правового регулювання соціального захисту працівників публічної служби. Було виявлено, що соціальний захист працівників публічної служби різниться залежно від категорії таких працівників та напряму діяльності органу публічної служби. У роботі висвітлено необхідність поліпшення соціального захисту працівників державної служби шляхом створення загальних та єдиних норм закону щодо принципів та критеріїв забезпечення такого захисту. Визначені у роботі переваги та недоліки сучасного правового регулювання соціального захисту працівників публічної служби можуть слугувати основою для побудови національної стратегії щодо вдосконалення законодавства та роботи виконавчих органів України з даного питання.

Автором визначено, що до працівників публічної служби зараховуються особи, що перебувають у трудових відносинах із державою в особі державних органів, так й з територіальною громадою. Їх спільною ознакою є наявність владних повноважень, що й не дозволяє включити до переліку працівників державних та комунальних організацій, установ, а також й проведення діяльності щодо виконання державних завдань та надання послуг усьому суспільству, що відрізняє їх від приватних компаній. До переваг соціального захисту працівників публічної служби можливо віднести: спеціалізованість, відповідність сучасній економічній ситуації, забезпеченість. Щодо спеціалізованості, то найбільш яскраво це проявляється у соціальному захисті правоохоронних органів, кожен із яких має різний напрям діяльності. Гарантується стабільність рівня матеріальної допомоги та соціального забезпечення для прокурора та членів його сім’ї, щоб соціальний ризик настання пенсійного віку не мав негативних наслідків. Разом з тим, положення щодо медичної безоплатної допомоги лише за тим місцем, де перебував прокурор на обліку під час служби є спірним, адже не враховує можливості переїзду. Ще однією перевагою соціального захисту працівників публічної служби можливо вважати його відповідність економічній ситуації.

Ключові слова: соціальне законодавство, соціальний захист, публічна служба, працівник публічної служби, державна служба.
Implementation of Public Administration Reforms in Modern Ukraine: Sectoral Aspect
Authors: HATSULIA Oleksii
Published: February 2021

It is proved that in formulating proposals for institutional change in Ukraine an important task is to determine the strategy, tactics and specific measures for the full application of the Constitution of Ukraine and the basic laws governing the institutional development of management subsystems. The basis of institutional change is the sectoral direction of modern public administration, improvement of legislation, dissemination of public positive perception of such changes and the formation of public and personal needs for change. It is established that the effectiveness of Ukraine’s reforms in the sectoral dimension, in addition to the presence of a political program, requires legal support, the formation of an effective system of state bodies to implement such changes, ensuring coordination of government efforts on sectoral reforms. New theoretical and methodological approaches to practical tasks in the field of institutional support of reforms are substantiated.

It is substantiated that in the socio-political plan public administration reforms are conditioned by the need to resolve or minimize the contradictions of institutional interaction, which are formalized by the principles of governance. It is established that public administration reforms should implement the tasks of state building on the basis of value principles, aimed at improving the organization of state power, subordinated to the goals of social development.

The process of constitutional changes and the impact of such changes on the system of public administration is studied. Methodological bases and practical aspects of development and implementation of constitutional changes in public administration activity are determined. The basis of constitutional changes is the improvement of legislation, the spread of public positive perception of such changes and the formation of public and personal needs for change. It is established that the effectiveness of constitutional changes in Ukraine, in addition to having the appropriate political will, requires proper legal support, the formation of an effective system of state bodies to implement such changes, ensuring proper coordination of government efforts to implement constitutional changes. New theoretical and methodological approaches to practical tasks in the field of reforming the provisions of the Constitution of Ukraine are substantiated. Recommendations and proposals for solving the problem of implementing constitutional changes at both the state and regional levels are provided. It is established that public administration reforms should implement the tasks of state building on the basis of the values of the constitutional order within the process of amending the Constitution of Ukraine, aimed at improving the organization of state power, subject to the goals of social development.
Correlation of IP-10 gene expression with Serum alanine transaminase (ALT) levels and Hepatitis B viral load in cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients.
Authors: Shahera Umme , Alam Shahinul , Jahan Munira , Nessa Afzalun , Munshi Saifullah , Tabassum Shahina
Published: February 2021

Interferon-gamma induced protein 10 (IP-10), a chemokine is suggested to be involved in liver injury during Hepatitis B virus infection (HBV). The increase of IP-10 is a critical step for recruitment of inflammatory cells to the local focus of the liver and hepatopathology. This study was designed to assess the correlation of IP-10 gene expression with HBV-DNA and serumAlanine transaminase(ALT) in patients with cirrhosis and HCC.The study was conducted among 60 patients. The study populationwere divided into four groups (15 in each groups)-HBV positive cirrhosis, HBV negative cirrhosis, HBV positiveHCC and HBV negative HCC. Expression of IP-10 gene was observed using real time PCR.IP-10 gene expressions in the above mentioned groups were correlated with serum ALT level and HBV viral load.IP-10 gene was significantly higher in HBV-positive patients with HCC than HBVpositive cirrhosis. Similarly, the expression of IP-10 was significantly higher in HBV-positive HCC than HBVnegative HCC patients. However, the expression of IP-10 was reduced in HBV-positive cirrhosis in comparison with HBV-negative cirrhosis.IP-10 gene expression in liver was not correlated with the serum levels of ALT in any of the study groups. HBV- DNA load also did not correlated with IP-10 gene expression in HBV positive HCC and HBV positive cirrhosis patients.This study shows that there was no significant change with the expression of IP-10 gene in any of the study groups with ALT level or viral load, though differential expression of IP-10 gene were observed in cirrhosis and HCC patients.

Bangladesh J Med Microbiol 2016; 10 (2): 9-13
Zika virus- Its control and prevention
Authors: Shahera Umme
Published: February 2021

Abstract not available

Bangladesh J Med Microbiol 2017; 11 (1): 23-25
Status of Serum Magnesium Level in Bangladeshi Children and Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus and its Relationship with Glycemic Control
Authors: Haque Shawana , Muttalib M A , Nesa Ayatun , Uddin Md Nasir , Hossain Md Sahadat , Shahabuddin Thahamina , Tasnim Aniqa
Published: February 2021

Type 1 diabetes mellitus is one of the most common endocrine and metabolic disorder in children and adolescents. Alteration of serum magnesium level may be associated with metabolic control and diabetic complications. The aim of the study was to evaluate serum magnesium level and find out its relationship with glycemic control in type 1 diabetic children and adolescents. For this study 80 type 1 diabetic children & adolescents with age range 1 to 18 years and 80 aged matched healthy controls were enrolled from the outpatient department of Changing Diabetes in Children, Bangladesh Institute of Research and Rehabilitation in Diabetes, Endocrine & Metabolic disorders, General Hospital, Dhaka. Using a cross sectional design, we measured anthropometric parameters and serum magnesium level of all study subjects. We also estimate the fasting plasma glucose and HbA1c levels of the diabetic children and adolescents and controls. The mean ± SD of serum magnesium level was significantly lower in patient with type 1 DM compared to control (0.7 ± 0.1 vs 0.8 ± 0.1 mmol/L respectively; p= < 0.001). Lower level of magnesium was found in subjects with poor glycemic control compared to good glycemic control (0.6 ± 0.1 vs 0.8 ± 0.1 mmol/L respectively; p= < 0.001). This study showed that serum magnesium level was lowered  in type 1 diabetic children and adolescents and it was strongly associated with poor glycemic control which potentially contributing to the early development of diabetic complications.

Bangladesh Med J. 2019 Sep; 48 (3): 16-20
Risk Factors and Clinical Profile of Respiratory Distress in Newborn: A Hospital Based Study in Bangladesh Army
Authors: Raha Biplob Kumar , Alam Md Julfikkar , Bhuiyan Md Abdul Quddus
Published: February 2021

Neonatal respiratory distress (NRD) is a main cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality in developing countries. Early detection of its risk factors and early treatment of its causes are major challenges. There are many causes of respiratory distress, among them, transient tachypnea of newborn (TTN), respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) and perinatal asphyxia are commonest causes. Timely and appropriate therapy is essential to prevent ongoing injury and improve outcome. The aim of this study was to determine the risk factors and to identify the causes of respiratory distress in neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) in Combined Military hospital (CMH) Sylhet and to observe the hospital outcome of these babies. Descriptive type of cross- sectional study was conducted in CMH Sylhet over a period of one year from April 2018 to March 2019. During the study period a total of 287 live newborns were found and included as study subjects to observe for development of respiratory distress. The overall prevalence of respiratory distress was 19.2%. There was male predominance (63.6%) and more than two third (71.1%) were born by cesarean section. Prematurity (38.2%), low birth weight (52.7%), male gender (63.6%), APGAR at 1 min <7 (10.9%), caesarean delivery (76.4%), less antenatal care visit (52.7%), more than 4 pervaginal examinations 49.1%, acute fetal distress 43.6% and gestational diabetes mellitus 34.5% were the most common risk factors for development of NRD. The main causes were transient tachypnea of newborn 47.3%, respiratory distress syndrome 29.1% and perinatal asphyxia 10.9%. All babies required high flow oxygen initially, subsequently Bubble Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) and mechanical ventilation was required in 14.5% and 1(1.8%) cases respectively. Mortality was 1.8% in neonates with respiratory distress syndrome with pneumothorax with septicaemia requiring mechanical ventilation. NRD is a frequent emergency and causes high morbidity and mortality. Risk factors like prematurity, low birth weight, male gender, APGAR at 1 min <7, caesarean delivery, less antenatal care visit, more than 4 pervaginal examinations, acute fetal distress and gestational diabetes mellitus were associated with respiratory distress in newborns. Majority of cases are due to TTN followed by respiratory distress syndrome and perinatal asphyxia. Mortality was in RDS mainly related to pneumothorax with septicaemia. Better obstetrical care and timely intervention may improve the outcome of newborn respiratory distress.

Bangladesh Med J. 2019 Sep; 48 (3): 21-27
The importance of videolaryngoscopy in maxillofacial practice associated with restricted mouth opening in traumatized patients
Authors: Delanora Leonardo Alan , Baggio Ana Maira Pereira , Araujo Nathália Januario de , Silva William Phillip Pereira da , Faverani Leonardo Perez , Bassi Ana Paula Farnezi
Published: February 2021

Orotracheal intubation is considered the most delicate maneuver performed by anesthesiologists, and failure to manage the airways is one of the main causes of possible complications that can be catastrophic during its performance, thus requiring good team planning. Anatomical and / or physiological characteristics, such as limited mouth opening, a condition often found in patients suffering from fractures of the zygomatic arch or who have some abnormality in the temporomandibular joint (TMJ), can characterize a difficult airway, which demands attention greatest of the professional. Therefore, in order to overcome the obstacles that may occur during a difficult or unexpected intubation, new tools have been used, such as videolaryngoscopy in which an intubation device containing miniature video cameras is used in order to allow the operator has an indirect view of the glottis to increase success rates and decrease intubation time. The aim of the present study is to report a clinical case of a trauma victim, with limited mouth opening, who underwent intubation with the aid of a video laryngoscope after failed attempts at conventional intubation.
Treinamento de Habilidades Sociais na promoção da autoestima em adolescentes
Authors: Rodrigues Alessandra da Silva , Feitosa Fabio Biasotto , Wagner Márcia Fortes , Pedroso Reginaldo , Rodríguez Tomás Daniel Menéndez , Bezerra Gabrielle Selleri
Published: February 2021

Na fase transitória da adolescência, a literatura evidencia que a autoestima e as habilidades sociais estão associadas à saúde mental, ao desenvolvimento e à melhor adaptação social. Considerando esta relação, o objetivo da presente pesquisa foi avaliar o efeito de um Treinamento de Habilidades Sociais na promoção da autoestima em adolescentes. Participaram 10 adolescentes, com idades entre 13 e 15 anos, de uma intervenção no desenho pré e pós-teste. Como medida de avaliação foram aplicados na pré e pós-intervenção os instrumentos: Escala de Rosenberg – EAR, Inventário de Habilidades Sociais para Adolescentes – IHSA-Del-Prette, Diário de Campo e Questionários Inicial e Final. Os dados quantitativos foram analisados por meio do software SPSS e os dados qualitativos foram agrupados em categorias temáticas, analisados e utilizados para ilustrar os resultados quantitativos. Os resultados quantitativos e qualitativos apontaram que o Treinamento de Habilidades Sociais foi eficaz no aumento da autoestima em adolescentes, principalmente no aprimoramento das habilidades de Autocontrole e Assertividade. Pode-se concluir que a pesquisa realizada demonstrou que o treinamento de habilidades sociais é um instrumento relevante para elevação da autoestima em adolescentes.
Impacto das mídias sociais nas ações de educação em saúde voltadas à população
Authors: Lima Maria Andressa Gomes de , Mendes Lívia Sayuri Félix , Machado Ana Luiza Linhares Beserra , Freitas Milena Cordeiro de , Santos Thaisnara Rocha dos , Bezerra Antônio Diego Costa , Gomes Francisco Taynãn Balbino , Feitosa Karine da Cruz da Silva , Nascimento Cidianna Emanuelly Melo do , Marçal Maria Eduarda Almeida , Silva Victoria Caroline da , Silva Filho Luciano Santos da
Published: February 2021

Objetivos: Analisar o impacto das mídias sociais para a educação em saúde para a população. Metodologia: Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa de literatura, realizada no período de outubro a dezembro de 2020, seguindo as seis etapas indicadas para a revisão integrativa, a pergunta norteadora foi definida com base no acrônimo PICo. Utilizou-se as bases de dados: Literatura Latino Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS), Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE) via PubMed, Base de Dados de Enfermagem (BDENF) e Índice Bibliográfico Español en Ciencias de la Salud. Resultados: Os estudos revelam que as Tecnologias de Informação e Comunicação (TIC), têm ganhado cada vez mais adesão e crédito na proliferação de conteúdo, tendo em vista a acessibilidade de grande parte da população, gerando valorização e desenvolvimento de metodologias inovadoras. Também se tornando bastante importante no âmbito acadêmico, destruindo barreiras, promovendo a propagação do conhecimento. Considerações finais: Com base nos resultados, observa-se que o uso da tecnologia, e de forma especial das mídias digitais, para a inserção da população na construção do seu próprio conhecimento tem grande valia e credibilidade, pois dessa forma, as informações, podem ser repassadas de maneira mais rápida e eficiente para a população.
Photoprotective activity of geopropolis produced by Melipona subnitida (Apidae, Meliponinae) in the semiarid of the Brazilian Northeast
Authors: Batista Jael Soares , Salatino Antonio , Negri Giuseppina , Jara Carmen Eusebia P. , Paiva Kaliane Alessandra R. de , Santos Wanderson Lucas Alves dos , Teófilo Tiago da Silva , Félix Natanael Silva , Silva Francisco Herbeson Aquino , Rodrigues Victor Hugo V.
Published: February 2021

Although geopropolis has been the subject of many chemical and pharmacological studies, there are few studies investigating the photoprotective activity of formulations containing propolis. Thus, we investigated in vivo the photoprotective efficacy of the cream containing geopropolis extract by macroscopic and histological evaluation of the skin of Wistar rats subjected to ultraviolet radiation (UVB). We also evaluated the chemical composition of hydroethanolic extract using the HPLC-DADESI-MS/MS technique, as well as antioxidant activity by the photocolorimetric method of free radical DPPH (2.2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazine) and cytotoxic activity by the in vitro MTT quantitative method [brometo de 3- (4.5dimetiltiazol-2-il)-2.5-difeniltetrazolio]. The extract had a varied chemical composition, 29 different phenolic compounds being detected, distributed between phenols and flavonoids, the latter being represented by chalcones, flavones and flavonols. The highest percentages of DPPH inhibition e o baixo valor de IC50 indicaram que o extrato apresentou alta atividade antioxidante. The hydroethanolic extract did not exert cytotoxic effects since high percentages of viability of L929 fibroblasts were observed after incubation for 72 hours at different concentrations of the extract.  On skin submitted to cream application containing of geopropolis extract and the irradiation with UVB did not occur macroscopic and histological lesions. Thus, we concluded that the cream containing of geopropolis extract produced by Melipona subnitida was able to protect the skin from lesions induced by UVB irradiation, thus demonstrating photoprotective effect.
Sífilis adquirida em Passo Fundo, Rio Grande do Sul, 2010 - 2017: incidência e distribuição da doença
Authors: Lucietto Deison Alencar , Lima Matheus Henrique Benin , Silva Rodrigo Alberton da , Reichert Ana Victória Coletto , Pietrobon Louise , Graeff Daniela Bertol
Published: February 2021

Objetivo: descrever a incidência e a distribuição de casos de sífilis adquirida no município de Passo Fundo (Rio Grande do Sul) entre os anos de 2010 a 2017. Métodos: estudo transversal descritivo, realizado no Setor de Vigilância em Saúde da Secretaria Municipal da Saúde local. Foram incluídas as notificações disponibilizadas no SINAN. A análise ocorreu de forma descritiva, por meio da distribuição das notificações por variáveis sociodemográficas. Resultados: foram computadas 2.424 notificações de sífilis adquirida. Observou-se expressivo crescimento do número de notificações no decorrer do tempo. Ocorreram mais diagnósticos em homens (n=1255; 51,8%), indivíduos de raça branca (n=1997; 82,4%) e em indivíduos com ensino fundamental incompleto (n=447; 18,4%) e com ensino médio completo (n=584; 24,1%). Conclusão: esse estudo ressalta a importância de pesquisas nas regiões interioranas do país e a necessidade de novas investigações para melhor compreender os fatores relacionados ao grande número de casos de sífilis na cidade.
Socioeconomia e etnoconhecimento de pescadores artesanais da comunidade do Cajueiro, distrito de Mosqueiro, Amazônia Oriental
Authors: Carvalho Thayanne Cristine Caetano de , Barros Mara Rubia Ferreira , Ramos Álvaro José Reis , Reis Alex Ribeiro dos , Melo Angela Ayumi Doami , Palheta Selma Cristina Marques Guimarães , Carvalho Antônio Sérgio Silva de , Palheta Glauber David Almeida
Published: February 2021

A região de Mosqueiro-Belém do Pará, apresenta uma relação de dependência direta da comunidade com os ecossistemas dessa região, dentre as quais, a pesca é uma das principais atividades econômicas. O presente trabalho tem por objetivo avaliar a pesca da comunidade do Cajueiro, com ênfase nos aspectos socioeconômicos dos pescadores e o conhecimento etnoecológico das espécies. Através de entrevistas semiestruturadas foi possível observar que a comunidade pesqueira, as mulheres apresentam média de 36 anos enquanto os homens apresentaram 43 anos, dentre eles 70% dos pescadores são associados na colônia de pesca e as relações de trabalho são familiares, a atividade pesqueira é desenvolvida principalmente por homens devido os fatores de risco, as mulheres por sua vez participam principalmente da pesca do camarão, revenda do pescado, confecção e reparos das redes de pesca. O nível de escolaridade é baixo, com 90% com ensino fundamental incompleto e apenas 10% possuem fundamental completo. A comunidade utiliza barco de pequeno porte e a rede de emalhe. O conhecimento dos pescadores sobre o comportamento das espécies capturadas demonstra a relação com a percepção nas mudanças sazonais bem como o comportamento ecológico das espécies. Essas informações são uteis para o desenvolvimento de estratégias e planos de governo nos espectros ambientais e sociais, visto que é necessário um plano de manejo para as espécies capturadas devido ao intenso esforço de pesca. Quanto ao social é necessário traçar metas para o desenvolvimento escolar, além de promover o incentivo para a valorização das mulheres na pesca.
Effect of Bacillus aryabhattai on the initial establishment of pre-sprouted seedlings of sugarcane varieties
Authors: May Andre , Santos Michelli de Souza dos , Silva Evandro Henrique Figueiredo Moura da , Viana Ronaldo da Silva , Vieira Junior Nilson Aparecido , Ramos Nilza Patrícia , Melo Itamar Soares de
Published: February 2021

This study proposes to examine the potential use of Bacillus aryabhattai in pre-sprouted seedlings of sugarcane inoculated with the microorganism when subjected to different regimes of water supply after transplanting. The experiment was laid out in a randomized-block design with a complete 3 × 2 × 5 factorial arrangement, in five replicates. The factors were represented by pre-sprouted seedlings of three sugarcane varieties (IAC 911099, RB 855156 and CTC 20), two seedling types (inoculated and not inoculated with B. aryabhattai) and five frequencies of water supply, which provided the ability of return to 100% soil field capacity, at every 0, 10, 20, 30 and 40 days. Plant mortality, plant height, number of leaves, stalk diameter and number of tillers were evaluated throughout the experimental period. At the end of the study, the shoot dry matter (SDM) and root dry matter (RDM) contents of the plants were measured. The number of leaves on the plant was affected only in isolation, according to the cultivar, without effects of the other studied factors. There was a double interaction effect between the factors of variety and inoculation (V*I) for the variables of SDM, stalk diameter and height; and between frequency and inoculation (F*I) for stalk diameter. There was a triple interaction effect between variety, inoculation and frequency (V*I*F) for the RDM variable. Thus, the use of B. aryabhattai as an inoculant in pre-sprouted seedlings of sugarcane at the time of seedling formation can improve plant development after transplanting depending on the cultivar used, especially in IAC 911099 and RB 855156.
Relação entre índice de colheita do milho e eficiências de fósforo por meio de análise de trilha
Authors: Oliveira Reginaldo Miranda de , Oliveira Rubens Alves de , Neves Julio Cesar Lima , Oliveira Ednaldo Miranda de , Botelho Margareth Evangelista , Oliveira Job Teixeira de
Published: February 2021

A produtividade das diversas culturas, incluindo o milho, é influenciada pela habilidade das plantas em absorver e utilizar nutrientes. O objetivo foi verificar, por meio da análise de trilha, as relações diretas e indiretas entre o índice de colheita e as eficiências de uso de fósforo no milho. As variáveis do estudo foram: índice de colheita do milho (HI), índice de colheita para fósforo (FO), eficiência de uso compartimentalizado na folha (CF), eficiência de uso compartimentalizado no caule (CC), eficiência de uso compartimentalizado na palha (CP), eficiência de uso compartimentalizado no grão (CG), eficiência de uso integralizado na folha (IF), eficiência de uso integralizado no caule (IC), eficiência de uso integralizado na palha (IP). Por meio da correlação de Pierson, observamos correlação alta e positiva entre CP e IP, CF e IF e IC e FO. Houve correlação forte e negativa entre: IC e IP, IC e CP e FO e CG. O Concluiu-se que as variáveis que obtiveram os maiores efeitos diretos e positivos sobre o índice de colheita do milho foram: índice de colheita para fosforo e eficiência de uso compartimentalizado no grão. Efeitos diretos e negativos sobre o índice de colheita do milho foram: eficiência de uso compartimentalizado na palha e eficiência de uso compartimentalizado na folha. De forma indireta, a análise de trilha mostrou que eficiência de uso compartimentalizado no grão e eficiência de uso integralizado na folha são fortemente correlacionados positivamente, e no sentido oposto, eficiência de uso compartimentalizado no grão e índice de colheita para fósforo são correlacionados negativamente.
Inflammatory process as an etiological and prognostic factor of stroke and the goal of potential treatment strategies
Authors: Kraśniej-Dębkowska Agnieszka , Śnieżyński Maciej , Członkowska Anna
Published: February 2021

Objective. Inflammation is the body’s natural defence mechanism against factors that damage its tissues. However, if it lasts chronically, it may adversely affect the body’s homeostasis. Inflammation is not only a long-known risk factor for the development of atherosclerosis and its complications, but also develops brain tissue damage in the course of ischemic stroke or intracerebral haemorrhage, leading to even greater damage. In addition, the immune system functions are impaired, which increases the risk of infection.

Literature review. Drugs that can reduce the risk of stroke by inhibiting vascular damage and modifying the inflammatory process in the central nervous system, including counteracting the risk of infection, have become the subject of many experimental and clinical studies on strokes. Such drugs include canakinumab, human recombinant interleukin-1 receptor antagonist, colchicine, fingolimod, siponimod or natalizumab.

Conclusions. Considering all available research results, the therapeutic pathway using anti-inflammatory drugs has a high potential; however, the complications associated with evoked immunosuppression in patients should be kept in mind. The paper presents a review of the literature on the role of the inflammatory process in the pathogenesis of stroke as well as related therapeutic options.
Effects of dead conspecifics, hunger states, and seasons on the foraging behavior of the purple urchin Heliocidaris crassispina
Authors: Belleza DFC , Kawabata Y , Toda T , Nishihara GN
Published: February 2021

Trophic cascades are a powerful result of predator-prey relationships in an ecosystem. In aquatic environments, the signals associated with predators and predation are used by prey as a cue to avoid encountering predators when foraging for food. These behavioral cues can be powerful enough to control prey populations and indirectly protect primary producers. Here, we evaluated the effects of cues associated with predation on the purple urchin Heliocidaris crassispina and examined effects of hunger state and season, using time-lapse photography. A series of laboratory and in situ manipulative experiments were conducted to determine patterns of foraging behavior and behavioral modifications. We showed that starved urchins were less sensitive to predation cues compared to normally fed urchins. Field experiments indicated that 70% of fed urchins fled when exposed to a predation cue (presence of a dead urchin) whereas starved urchins remained regardless of the cue, supporting results from the laboratory using dead urchin and algal cues. Sea urchin activity and feeding rates were lower in winter-spring than in summer-autumn. Results suggest that hunger state has a large influence over the behavioral response of sea urchins, while also being affected by season due to metabolic control. In general, starvation appears to override predator avoidance behaviors, which exposes prey species to higher risks of predation.
Pendampingan Entrepreneurship Budidaya dan Pemasaran Ikan Cupang (Betta sp.) oleh Alumni Jurusan Akuakultur, Universitas Bangka Belitung
Authors: Kurniawan Andri
Published: February 2021

Entrepreneurship assistance to alumnus's business ideas is a practice that cannot be separated from the obligations and devotion of a lecturer as a form of dedication to the independence and existence of alumnus in society. This service activity aimed to provide assistance to alumni of the Aquaculture Department, Bangka Belitung University in pioneering and building a betta fish (Betta sp.) cultivation and marketing business. This activity was carried out through the stages of introducing the potential for ornamental fish cultivation, building relationships with ornamental fish cultivators and marketers, and formulating promotional strategies in starting businesses, marketing, and developing alumni businesses. This mentoring activity resulted in a pilot business for ornamental fish cultivation and marketing, especially for betta fish, namely the Exotic Betta. The business that was initiated within three months has shown business prospects with an increase in sales and expansion of the marketing area, both in Pangkalpinang City and regencies in Bangka Island to areas outside Bangka Island. The promotion and marketing of the Exotic Betta betta fish through online media and social media has made this business unit quickly recognized by betta fish hobbyists. Business development needs to be done by diversifying commodities to increase and develop marketing business for ornamental fish.
PERBEDAAN PENGARUH PEMBERIAN SENAM OSTEOPOROSIS DAN SENAM YOGA TERHADAP KELUHAN NYERI LUTUT PADA LANSIA DI POSYANDU LANSIA SENJA BAHAGIA RW XXV JEBRES, SURAKARTA
Authors: Mirawati Dita
Published: February 2021

Pendahuluan: Di Indonesia penderita osteoporosis usia >50 tahun adalah 32,3% pada wanita dan 28,8% pada pria. nyeri lutut diperkirakan mencapai 25% populasi dunia. Sedangkan prevalensi nyeri lutut mencapai 5% pada usia <40 tahun, 30% pada usia 40-60 tahun, dan 61% pada usia >61 tahun. Tujuan: Untuk mengetahui perbedaan pengaruh pemberian Senam Osteoporosis dan Senam Yoga terhadap keluhan nyeri lutut pada lansia. Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimental dengan desain non-randomized two grup pre-test and post-test without control group design. Penarikan sampel dilakukan dengan menggunakan teknik purposive sampling dengan jumlah 40 orang. Kelompok eksperimen 1 diberi perlakuan Senam Osteoporosis sebanyak 20 responden dan kelompok eksperimen 2 diberikan perlakuan Senam Yoga sebanyak 20 responden. Analis data dengan uji Wilcoxon dan uji Mann Whitney. Hasil: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ada pengaruh pemberian Senam Osteoporosis dengan nilai significancy sebesar 0,000 (p<0,005) dan ada pengaruh pemberian Senam Yoga dengan nilai significancy sebesar 0,000 (p<0,005). Ada beda pengaruh pemberian Senam Osteoporosis dan Senam Yoga terhadap keluhan nyeri lutut pada lansia dengan nilai significancy sebesar 0,002 (p<0,005). Kesimpulan: Ada pengaruh pemberian senam osteoporosis dan senam yoga terhadap keluhan nyeri lutut pada lansia. Ada beda pengaruh pemberian senm osteoporosis dan senam yoga.
EVALUASI BEBAN KERJA DAN KELUHAN MUSKULOSKELETAL PADA TENAGA KEPENDIDIKAN DI UPN VETERAN JAKARTA
Authors: Ismiyasa Suci Wahyu , Prabowo Eko
Published: February 2021

Evaluasi beban kerja dan keluhan muskuloskeletal pada tenaga kependidikan di UPN Veteran Jakarta. Latar Belakang : Untuk menentukan apakah di suatu tempat kerja mempunyai pekerja yang memiliki beban kerja dan keluhan muskuloskeletal berlebih atau kurang maka diperlukan evaluasi. Salah satu yang ingin dilihat dalam beban kerja pada penelitian ini adalah konsumsi oksigen dengan mengukur denyut nadi. Keluhan muskuloskeletal dengan menggunakan kuesioner nordic body maps. Tujuan Penelitian: Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengevaluasi dampak beban kerja dan keluhan muskuloskeletal terutama pada fisik seseorang. Yang akan di teliti adalah bagian tenaga kependidikan UPN Veteran Jakarta. Tujuannya agar pekerja dapat merasa ENASE (Efektif, Nyaman, Aman, Sehat dan Efisien) dalam melaksanakan tugas-tugas yang diberikan. Sebagai langkah selanjutnya dapat dilakukan perbaikan kerja seperti dari sikap kerjanya, posisi kerja, pola kerja dan lain-lain. Metode : Penelitian evaluatif, Instrumen penelitian : Alat oxiometric untuk mengukur HR dan Nordic Body Map untuk mengukur keluhan musculoskeletal. Hasil : beban kerja yang diterima pada pegawai tenaga kependidikan UPNVJ menyebabkan keluhan musculoskeletal dengan tingkat yang ringan, ini dapat dilihat dari HR dan Sp02 dengan rata-rata jumlah diatas 50% yang menandakan beban kerja yang diterima ringan atau tidak terlalu tinggi beban kerjanya. Simpulan : Beban kerja yang didapat oleh tenaga kependidikan UPN Veteran Jakarta ringan, hal ini dapat dilihat dari hasil HR dan Sp02, Rata-rata tenaga kependidikan UPN Veteran Jakarta mengalami keluhan musculoskeletal dengan kondisi rendah, Usia dan jenis kelamin apapun akan mengalami keluhan musculoskeletal.
Соціологічні та статистичні оцінки економічних відносин у ранньомодерній Україні
Authors: Приходько Юрій
Published: February 2021

Стаття розкриває становлення та розквіт панщино-фільваркового господарства у Речі Посполитій, яка є не тільки місцевою, але й загальноєвропейською. Особливе місце у роботі приділене соціальним і статистичним оцінкам, на підставі яких можна зробити висновок про те, що селянство в Україні, як частині Польщі–Речі Посполитої у XVI-XVII ст. хоча і поділялося на кметів, загородників, халупників тощо, але було повністю закріпачене та було втягнуте у фільварково-панщинну систему та змушено було відробляти панщину, яка з часом тільки збільшувалася.
Школа в Україні чи українська школа? Із досвіду другої половини ХХ ст.
Authors: Романцов Володимир
Published: February 2021

Рецензія на видання: Лаврут О.О. Радянська школа у другій половині ХХ ст.: вимір України. Слов’янськ: Друкарський двір, 2020. 532 c.
PATHOMORPHOLOGICAL CHANGES IN THE CARTILAGE OF THE TRACHEA DEPENDING ON TERMS OF THE INTUBATION
Authors:   Research Institute of Clinical Otorhinolaryngology named LI Sverzhevskii, Kirasirova E.A. , Lafutkina N.V. ,   Research Institute of Clinical Otorhinolaryngology named LI Sverzhevskii, Rezakov R.A. ,   Research Institute of Clinical Otorhinolaryngology named LI Sverzhevskii, Mamedov R.F. ,   Research Institute of Clinical Otorhinolaryngology named LI Sverzhevskii, Al-Assaf I.F. ,   Research Institute of Clinical Otorhinolaryngology named LI Sverzhevskii
Published: February 2021

Objective - to study the nature and prevalence of pathological changes in the cartilage of the trachea depending on the duration of intubation according to the results of pathomorphological studies. Materials and methods. Pathomorphological study of cartilage of the anterior tracheal wall was carried out on 37 patients at different times of mechanical ventilation. Depending on the timing of the ventilator before the tracheostomy, all patients were divided into three groups. In 10 people, the duration of ventilation until tracheostomy was no more than 3 days, in 15 people - 4 -7 days and in 12 people - more than 7 days. Results. On the 1st day of mechanical ventilation, dystrophic changes are determined, with the loss of cartilage cells. On the 2nd day of mechanical ventilation in the cartilage of the trachea significant dystrophic changes with pycnosis of the nuclei in chondrocytes were revealed. By the third day of mechanical ventilation, detachment of perichondria occurred, the surface of cartilage lacking perichondria was usurized, covered with fibrinous overlays, the cartilage no longer contained cartilage cells; by the 7th day of mechanical ventilation, deeper dystrophic and destructive changes were revealed in the tracheal cartilages - there was no perichondria, the cartilage surface was usurized, foci of chondronecrosis were observed in the areas adjacent to the damaged perichondria; by the tenth days of mechanical ventilation, the pathomorphological picture indicates the death of the cartilage and its replacement with granulation tissue, the presence of regeneration processes, expressed in focal proliferation of chondrocytes, thickening and fibrosis of the perichondria, the appearance and sequestration of dead cartilage. Conclusion. The severity of pathomorphological changes in the cartilage of the trachea due to the duration of intubation
Cyclic Damage Accumulation in the Femoral Constructs Made With Cephalomedullary Nails
Authors: Hamandi Farah , Whitney Alyssa , Stouffer Mark H. , Prayson Michael J. , Rittweger Jörn , Goswami Tarun
Published: February 2021

Background: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the risk of peri-prosthetic fracture of constructs made with cephalomedullary (CM) long and short nails. The nails were made with titanium alloy (Ti-6Al-4V) and stainless steel (SS 316L).

Methods: Biomechanical evaluation of CM nail constructs was carried out with regard to post-primary healing to determine the risk of peri-implant/peri-prosthetic fractures. Therefore, this research comprised of, non-fractured, twenty-eight pairs of cadaveric femora that were randomized and implanted with four types of fixation CM nails resulting in four groups. These constructs were cyclically tested in bi-axial mode for up to 30,000 cycles. All the samples were then loaded to failure to measure failure loads. Three frameworks were carried out through this investigation, Michaelis–Menten, phenomenological, and probabilistic Monte Carlo simulation to model and predict damage accumulation.

Findings: Damage accumulation resulting from bi-axial cyclic loading in terms of construct stiffness was represented by Michaelis–Menten equation, and the statistical analysis demonstrated that one model can explain the damage accumulation during cyclic load for all four groups of constructs (P > 0.05). A two-stage stiffness drop was observed. The short stainless steel had a significantly higher average damage (0.94) than the short titanium nails (0.90, P < 0.05). Long titanium nail group did not differ substantially from the short stainless steel nails (P > 0.05). Results showed gender had a significant effect on load to failure in both torsional and bending tests (P < 0.05 and P < 0.001, respectively).

Interpretation: Kaplan–Meier survival analysis supports the use of short titanium CM nail. We recommend that clinical decisions should take age and gender into consideration in the selection of implants.
Faster Than Real Time Tsunami Warning with Associated Hazard Uncertainties
Authors: Giles Daniel , Gopinathan Devaraj , Guillas Serge , Dias Frédéric
Published: February 2021

Tsunamis are unpredictable events and catastrophic in their potential for destruction of human lives and economy. The unpredictability of their occurrence poses a challenge to the tsunami community, as it is difficult to obtain from the tsunamigenic records estimates of recurrence rates and severity. Accurate and efficient mathematical/computational modeling is thus called upon to provide tsunami forecasts and hazard assessments. Compounding this challenge for warning centres is the physical nature of tsunamis, which can travel at extremely high speeds in the open ocean or be generated close to the shoreline. Thus, tsunami forecasts must be not only accurate but also delivered under severe time constraints. In the immediate aftermath of a tsunamigenic earthquake event, there are uncertainties in the source such as location, rupture geometry, depth, magnitude. Ideally, these uncertainties should be represented in a tsunami warning. However in practice, quantifying the uncertainties in the hazard intensity (i.e.,maximum tsunami amplitude) due to the uncertainties in the source is not feasible, since it requires a large number of high resolution simulations. We approximate the functionally complex and computationally expensive high resolution tsunami simulations with a simple and cheap statistical emulator. A workflow integrating the entire chain of components from the tsunami source to quantification of hazard uncertainties is developed here - quantification of uncertainties in tsunamigenic earthquake sources, high resolution simulation of tsunami scenarios using the GPU version of Volna-OP2 on a non-uniform mesh for an ensemble of sources, construction of an emulator using the simulations as training data, and prediction of hazard intensities with associated uncertainties using the emulator. Thus, using the massively parallelized finite volume tsunami code Volna-OP2 as the heart of the workflow, we use statistical emulation to compute uncertainties in hazard intensity at locations of interest. Such an integration also balances the trade-off between computationally expensive simulations and desired accuracy of uncertainties, within given time constraints. The developed workflow is fully generic and independent of the source (1945 Makran earthquake) studied here.
Blue Carbon Soil Stock Development and Estimates Within Northern Florida Wetlands
Authors: Vaughn Derrick R. , Bianchi Thomas S. , Shields Michael R. , Kenney William F. , Osborne Todd Z.
Published: February 2021

Blue carbon habitats, such as mangroves and salt marshes, have been recognized as carbon burial hotspots; however, methods on measuring blue carbon stocks have varied and thus leave uncertainty in global blue carbon stock estimates. This study analyzes blue carbon stocks in northern Florida wetlands along the Atlantic and Gulf coasts. Carbon measurements within 1–3m length vibracores yield total core stocks of 9.9–21.5 kgC·m−2 and 7.7–10.9 kgC·m−2 for the Atlantic and Gulf coast cores, respectively. Following recent IPCC guidelines, blue carbon stock estimates in the top meter are 7.0 kgC·m−2–8.0 kgC·m−2 and 6.1 kgC·m−2–8.6 kgC·m−2 for the Atlantic and Gulf cores, respectively. Changes in stable isotopic (δ13C, C/N) and lignin biomarker (C/V) indices suggest both coastlines experienced salt marsh and mangrove transgressions into non-blue carbon habitats during the mid- to late-Holocene following relative sea-level rise. These transgressions impact carbon storage within the cores as the presence of carbon-poor soils, characteristic of non-blue carbon habitats, result in lower 1m carbon stocks in north Florida Gulf wetlands, and a deeper extent of carbon-rich soils, characteristic of blue carbon habitats, drive higher 1m and total carbon stocks in north Florida Atlantic wetlands. Future blue carbon research should assess carbon stocks down to bedrock when possible, as land-cover and/or climate change can impact different depths across localities. Ignoring carbon-rich soil below the top meter of soil may underestimate potential carbon emissions based on these changes.
Soil Organic Matter, Soil Structure, and Bacterial Community Structure in a Post-Agricultural Landscape
Authors: Yavitt Joseph B. , Pipes Gwendolyn T. , Olmos Emily C. , Zhang Jiangbo , Shapleigh James P.
Published: February 2021

Converting forest and wetland landscapes to agriculture has shown to result in a loss of organic matter, structure, and microbial diversity in the converted soil but recovery of post-agricultural soils remains poorly understood. Here we coupled landscape-scale surveys of soil 1) carbon and nitrogen levels, 2) aggregation, and 3) bacterial metagenomes to investigate soil recovery after 30 years in sites with soils ranging from well drained to poorly drained. Sites with no evidence of past agriculture (Reference) served as recovery endpoints. A secondary aim evaluated the role of nitrogen-fixing symbiosis, here associated with alder (Alnus incana) trees, in soil restoration. Soil carbon levels in restored sites (3.5%) were comparable to levels in a present-day farm (3.4%) but much lower than in Reference sites (>7.3%). The same trend occurred with soil nitrogen levels. Sites with alder trees had more acidic soil pH values. Alder trees promoted soil structure with macroaggregates being the largest fraction of bulk soil (75%). Natural abundance of stable nitrogen isotopes suggested extensive decay of organic matter within aggregates. Comparison of total reads from the soil metagenomes indicated the bacterial community in restored sites were more comparable to the present-day farm than Reference sites, except for a well-drained soil with alder. Dissimilarity among sites in terms of gene abundances in soil bacterial community occurred in carbon metabolism, membrane transport, and genetic repair pathways. Soil recovery in post-agricultural landscapes is slow when agriculture caused a large loss of soil organic matter, as is the case in our study, and when the soil bacterial community structure changed markedly, as it did in our study. However, fairly rapid recovery of soil structure, as we noted in our study, is promising, and now we need a better understanding of plant species that improve soil structure for restoration of both well-drained and poorly drained soils.
Neonatal Suckling, Oxytocin, and Early Infant Attachment to the Mother
Authors: Nowak Raymond , Lévy Frédéric , Chaillou Elodie , Cornilleau Fabien , Cognié Juliette , Marnet Pierre-Guy , Williams Peter D. , Keller Matthieu
Published: February 2021

The neuropeptide oxytocin (OT) promotes maternal care and social affiliation in adults but its importance in infant attachment still remains unknown. True animal models of infant attachment are extremely rare, and the sheep (in complement to non-human primates) is one of the few that provides the opportunity to investigate its neuroendocrinological basis. In the lamb, access to the udder has strong rewarding properties for the establishment of a preferential relationship with the mother. Therefore, the present study explored the possible involvement of OT through its release during close social contacts with the mother. The first experiment revealed that lambs having free access to the udder from birth onward developed, by 12 h of age, a clear preference for their mothers over another maternal ewe. Delaying access to the udder for six, four or even only 2 h starting at birth, by covering the ewe’s udder, resulted in the lack of such a preference without affecting general activity. These effects persisted in most cases at 24 h but by 72 h of age a bond with the mother was clearly expressed. Experiment two showed that social interactions with the mother were followed by a release of OT in the plasma when lambs had the possibility to suckle. Non-nutritive interactions were without effects. Preliminary data on two subjects suggested that OT might also increase in the cerebrospinal fluid after suckling. Finally, in the third experiment, oral administration of a non-peptide OT receptor antagonist (L-368-899, Merck) over the first 4 h after birth led to decreased exploration of the mother’s body compared to lambs receiving saline, and impaired the expression of a preference for the mother at 24 h. The effects were no longer observed at 48 h. Our findings demonstrate that both delayed access to the mother’s udder and OT receptor antagonist alter the onset of mother preference in newborn lambs. This suggests that central OT facilitates the development of filial attachment through its release during suckling.