bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Accessing Telecommunications Data for National Security and Law Enforcement Purposes
Authors: Rodrick Sharon
Published: January 2018

Technological developments, particularly the advent of the Internet and the mobile phone, have spawned a vast increase in the volume, type and availability of telecommunications information. Mobile phones are now capable of sending and receiving SMS text messages and emails, accessing and downloading material from the Internet, taking photographs, streaming video and audio content and providing GPS navigation. National security and law enforcement agencies frequently wish to access telecommunications information for national security and law enforcement purposes. The desired information may be ‘telecommunications content’ — that is, the actual substance of a communication — or ‘telecommunications data’ — meaning information about a communication but not the substance of it.
The Use of Lethal Force by Military Forces on Law Enforcement Operations — is there a ‘Lawful Authority’?
Authors: McLaughlin Rob
Published: January 2018

Our comprehension of the legal means and methods by which military forces are employed, controlled and — where considered necessary — immunised, is incomplete. Some questions are — in a jurisprudential sense — well settled, or at least evolving along a logical, comprehensible, and generally linear course. Thus the scope of the defence power under the Australian Constitution has, on the whole, been relatively consistently interpreted over time as an elastic power — expanding in time of large-scale conflict, contracting in time of profound peace, variably waxing and waning between these two poles in situations of uncertainty less than war but short of settled peace. There have certainly been some new developments in understanding the scope of the power — such as the High Court of Australia’s decision in Thomas v Mowbray (relating to the constitutional validity of the federal control order regime). In this case the majority held that components of the defence power are also exercisable through non-military organs such as the police. But on the whole, our understanding of the power has developed along conceptually and chronologically coherent and logical lines. Similarly, there is no question in the Australian context that this evolution has also been more generally coherent in terms of its interaction with related constitutional questions. Thus Thomas v Mowbray is, in many ways, a belated cross-referral allowing police and intelligence agencies to access authority under the defence power. This merely reflects and accompanies the long established principle that the military forces can likewise be used for law enforcement purposes — as confirmed in Li Chia Hsing v Rankin. It is perhaps justified to say that were we to apply a jus ad bellum / jus in bello approach (law of armed conflict based and thus formally inapplicable, but nevertheless useful) to the problem, the jus ad bellum issues — the when and why of use of military forces in law enforcement operations — are relatively settled, or at least evolving coherently and consistently with their history and precedent.
Benchmarking Venezuelan Quality Grades for Grass-Fed Cattle Carcasses
Authors: Rodas-González Argenis , Huerta-Leidenz Nelson , Jerez-Timaure Nancy
Published: January 2018

The current Venezuelan beef carcass classification and grading system provide a mean for sorting carcasses into 5 quality grades, designated as AA, A, B, C, and D, in a descending order of expected eating quality. Brahman cull heifers and cows (n = 21 and 18, respectively) and entire males (bulls; n = 17) were finished on native savannah grass, slaughtered and graded by the official standards to compare carcass traits, cutability, cookery traits, and palatability characteristics between graded (A, B, or C) female classes and bulls. The B-graded bulls dressed heavier carcasses, with a more convex leg muscle profile and larger ribeye area (P < 0.05) followed by C-graded cows in carcass weight and ribeye area (P < 0.05). Marbling score described as “Slight” did not differ among carcass grades (P > 0.05). The B-graded bulls had the highest proportion of total bone-in and boneless cuts (P < 0.05); however, carcasses from females surpassed (P < 0.05) or did not differ (P > 0.05) from bull carcasses in fabrication yield values for 16 of 18 individual cuts. Cooking loss (%) did not vary with carcass grades (P > 0.05). Cooked meats from A/B-graded heifers and C-graded cows had lower shear force values, were rated as more tender and flavorful (P < 0.05), and exhibited a higher proportion of tender steaks (with shear force < 4.09 kg) than B-graded bull counterparts (P < 0.05). Advantageous palatability traits of C-graded cows and A/B-graded heifers fattened on pasture can be used in developing and marketing new value-added products.
La nanotecnología, la arquitectura y el arte
Authors: Lira Oliver Adriana , Oliver Alicia
Published: January 2018

La nanotecnología ha recibido en las últimas tres décadas mucha atención. Mediáticamente se han generado numerosas expectativas con pocas probabilidades de ser cumplidas, sin embargo, en la actualidad existen aplicaciones importantes en muchas áreas tecnológicas. Desafortunadamente el mundo nano como tal no ha encontrado un nicho en la construcción de edificaciones con productos comerciales, no obstante, las nanopartículas metálicas, por tener propiedades ópticas muy diferentes a las del metal en grandes volúmenes, han deleitado a la gente desde la antigüedad. Conociendo el origen de estas propiedades ópticas y haciendo uso de la tecnología actual, se pueden manipular dichas nanopartículas para construir paletas de colores que, en dispositivos micrométricos permiten hacer fotoimpresión con muy buena resolución. 
Las nanopartículas bimetálicas y algunas de sus aplicaciones
Authors: Aguilar-Tapia Antonio , Zanella Rodolfo
Published: January 2018

En las últimas décadas ha habido un enorme interés por el estudio de las nanopartículas bimetálicas debido a su potencial en distintos campos de aplicación, ya que normalmente presentan propiedades mejoradas respecto a las de los componentes individuales por separado. El control efectivo del tamaño, forma, arquitectura y composición de los metales en las partículas juegan un papel muy importante en la mejora de sus características, de las cuales dependen sus múltiples aplicaciones, desde la catálisis (posiblemente el área en que más se han estudiado y aplicado las partículas bimetálicas) hasta su uso como biosensores o en aplicaciones biomédicas.
Nanotecnología, nanomedicina, cáncer y diabetes
Authors: Rauschert Inés , Zambrana Ana , Bervejillo Verónica , Alberro Andrés , Varela Rocío , Benech Juan C
Published: January 2018

Dados los avances tecnológicos recientes, las ciencias biomédicas buscan por medio de la nanotecnología nuevas posibilidades de tratamientos y herramientas de diagnóstico. Estos avances tecnológicos hacen posible estudiar la mecánica de material biológico vivo y su relación con procesos biológicos o moleculares.

Una de las líneas de investigación que se desarrolla en nuestro laboratorio es estudiar el efecto que distintas patologías tienen en la nanomecánica celular. En particular, utilizando herramientas nanotecnológicas como el microscopio de fuerza atómica, hemos constatado que la rigidez celular se modifica en el caso del neuroblastoma y de la cardiomiopatía diabética. Además, hemos constatado que en los dos casos la modificación de la rigidez celular está asociada con alteraciones del citoesqueleto. Una mejor comprensión de los mecanismos moleculares responsables de estas alteraciones permitirá el desarrollo de nuevas terapias cada vez más especializadas.
Materiales híbridos como alternativa nanotecnológica para la producción de energéticos
Authors: Vidal-Limón Abraham , Contreras Oscar , Águilar Sergio A
Published: January 2018

La nanotecnología es la rama de las ciencias que estudia y manipula la materia a una escala diminuta, principalmente cuando alguna de las dimensiones de la materia está en el orden nanométrico. Derivado de las nanociencias, el desarrollo de la nanotecnología ha tenido un auge importante durante los últimos años debido a la gran diversidad de aplicaciones de muchos materiales a escala nanométrica (nanomateriales) en la vida cotidiana, además del creciente revuelo generado debido a su carácter interdisciplinario  para su desarrollo (la física, química, biología, ciencias de materiales, ciencias computacionales, ciencias ambientales, tecnología de la comunicación y ciencias sociales han estado en interacción continua desde finales del siglo pasado). En el sector energético, ante el inminente agotamiento de los combustibles fósiles, la búsqueda de combustibles alternativos se ha transformado en una actividad prioritaria y exigiendo que la nueva tecnología sea amigable con el medio ambiente y de impacto positivo para la sociedad que la consumirá. El desarrollo de nanotecnología basada en materiales inteligentes capaces de generar energéticos (celdas de combustibles, generación de gases o moléculas acarreadoras de alta energía), nos permitirá mantener un potencial energético ante la crisis global por desabasto de combustibles fósiles. Esperamos para las décadas siguientes, un alto grado de incorporación de nanomateriales en muchas tecnologías empleadas en nuestras actividades cotidianas, desde energéticos basados en nanomateriales, hasta productos como pinturas, cosméticos, materiales para construcción y alimentos
De symbolske formers sønderrevne verden. Om Pierre Bourdieus kultursociologiske værk
Authors: Honneth Axel
Published: January 2018

The Fragmented World of Symbolic Forms: Reflections on Pierre Bourdieu’s Sociology of Culture

In his theory, Bourdieu analyses the social structures underlying the concept of class struggle as a study of cultural reality. He attempts to bring two elements together which are typically considered incompatible in sociological tradition. He has devoted himself to a sphere, which has been dominated by psy¬cho¬analytically schooled sociologists using the conceptual apparatus of a theory traditionally granted certain legitimacy only for the study of socio-economic conditions. By retracing his theory construction step by step it is possible to see how Bourdieu brings together the concept of class struggle and the study of symbolic forms of expression in a theory of late-capitalist culture. This is precisely what is done in his large-scale study, Distinction, where the different approaches coalesce into a single unified theory.
Forestillede forskelle - En barriere for gensidig integration og fællesskaber mellem unge med forskellig etnisk baggrund
Authors: Klinker Sabine , Rasmussen Marie Hvoslef
Published: January 2018

Imagined Differences

- A barrier to integration and experience of community between adolescents with different ethnic backgrounds

This article examines the experience of community and belonging among adolescents in a public secondary school in Albertslund, a suburban area of Copenhagen with an ethnically heterogeneous population. The article is based on the assumption that ethnicity plays a secondary role in friendship-making and experiencing community, while shared interests are of greater importance. However, the case study falsifies this assumption. In everyday life, the adolescents show respect for one another, and their communication is characterised by a positive attitude. However, they also tend to socialise according to their ethnic background. Thus adolescents with a Danish background hang out and keep to themselves as a rule, while adolescents with other ethnic backgrounds than Danish tend to identify themselves as non-Danish. This division is experienced as ‘natural’ by the adolescents, who therefore have limited interaction with other ethnic groups. The article suggests that the division is a consequence of ‘imagined differences’. These differences are primarily built up around religion, and especially the dichotomy of Muslim or non-Muslim, which tends to overshadow potential similarities, such as the shared experience of having been born and raised in Denmark, playing football together or attending the same parties. The article discusses possible solutions, including a redefinition of what it means to be Danish, in order to facilitate a more inclusive understanding of who ‘We’ and ‘They’ are.
”Han var en hård mand den gamle”. Far-sønrelationen set over tre generationer.
Authors: La Cour Mosegaard Maruska
Published: January 2018

Denne artikel udforsker faderlig autoritet som et historisk og sociokulturelt fænomen. Med udgangspunkt i interviews med fædre i tre generationer, analyserer jeg, hvordan mænd bruger deres egne fædre som både idealer og modbilleder i deres egen praksis som fædre. Autoritet både reproduceres og transformeres fra far til søn, og tre forskellige former for autoritet identificeres: “traditionel“, “karismarisk“ og “forhandlet“. Hvordan autoriteten praktiseres og legitimeres er et spørgsmål om generation, men afhænger også af den enkeltes mands sociokulturelle position.
Med artiklen stiller jeg spørgsmålstegn ved billedet af nutidens fædre som “sekundære mødre“ og tabte sønner, der “betræder et land aldrig udforsket før“. I stedet argumenterer jeg for, at autoritet stadig er til stede i relationen mellem far og barn, men under nye præmisser og med nye udtryksformer. Jeg peger derved på, hvordan nutidens fædre, som generationerne af fædre før dem, identificerer sig selv med deres fædre som både positive og negative rollemodeller.

ENGELSK ABSTRACT:
Maruska la Cour Mosegaard: ’’He was a tuff old man”. The relation between father and son seen over three generations

This article explores fatherly authority as a historical and sociocultural phenomenon. Taking interviews with fathers in three generations as my point of departure, I analyze how men use their own fathers as both ideals and counter-images when practizing fatherhood. Authority is both reproduced and transformed from father to son, and three different forms of authority is identified: “traditional“, “charismatic“, and “negotiated“ authority. How authority is practized and legitimized is a question of generation, but also depends on the sociocultural position of the individual man. In the article I question the picture of contemporary fathers as “secondary mothers“ and lost sons entering a “land of fatherhood never explored before“. Rather I claim that authority is still present in the relation between father and child, but on new premises and with different modes of expression. Also I call attention to how comtemporary fathers, like the generations of fathers before them, identify themselves with their fathers as both positive and negative rolemodels.

Key words: Fatherhood, authority, generational differences, life forms.
Skilsmisse og bolig - hvor flytter hjemfølelsen hen?
Authors: Gram-Hanssen Kirsten , Bech-Danielsen Claus
Published: January 2018

Bolig, familieliv og hjemfølelse er historisk og kulturelt tæt knyttet sammen. I denne artikel er vi derfor interesseret i, hvad der sker med forholdet til boligen og med hjemfølelsen, når familien går i opløsning, og en eller begge parter flytter i forbindelse med en skilsmisse. Artiklen rummer dels en teoretisk introduktion til den internationale teori vedrørende bolig og hjemfølelse, dels en analyse af kvalitative interview med fraskilte om deres praktiske og følelsesmæssige forhold til deres bolig og hjem før og efter skilsmissen. Analysen peger på, at de følelsesmæssige bånd til en familiebolig kan forsvinde i dét øjeblik, beslutningen om en skilsmisse er truffet. Det praktiske arbejde med at etablere og indrette et nyt hjem kan blive en vigtig måde at søge ny identitet som enlig, og problemer med at finde et sted at bo, og deraf følgende midlertidige boliger, kan derfor gøre livet efter skilsmissen ekstra svært. Undersøgelsen peger endvidere på, at til trods for at mange fraskilte oplever det positivt at bo alene i en periode, så lever drømmen om kernefamilie og familiebolig videre. De fleste interviewpersoner giver således udtryk for, at de forestiller sig, at de på et tidspunkt etablerer en ny familiebolig med en ny partner.

ENGELSK ABSTRACT:
Kirsten Gram-Hanssen & Claus Bech-Danielsen:
Divorce and Housing: Where does the Feeling of Being Home Move?

House and home are historically and culturally closely connected to family life. In this article we investigate the ways in which the housing situation and the feeling of home are affected by divorce – when some or all members of the family move out of the matrimonial house. The article is based on an international literature review on the meaning of housing and home and on qualitative interviews of four men and five women in Denmark who were interviewed about their experiences with housing and home while being divorced. The article points out that emotional relations to the matrimonial house may disappear at the very moment the decision is made to divorce. It also points out that the practical work of creating a new home can play an important role in the process finding a new identity as a single parent. Many people find that life after being divorced is very difficult, when problems in finding a new house result in a number of temporary housing situations. Finally it is stressed that, even though many divorcees have positive experiences living alone, they never give up the dream of the nuclear family. Most of the interviewees picture themselves living in a new matrimonial house with a future partner.

Key words: Housing, home, divorce, family, qualitative interviews.
Rekommodifieringen av taxibranschen - förändring av ekonomiska förhållanden och etnisk sammansättning
Authors: Urban Susanne , Slavnic Zoran
Published: January 2018

I denna artikel analyseras de socio-ekonomiska konsekvenserna av den hastigt avreglerade taxibranschen. Det har blivit vanligare för utrikes födda att arbeta i taxibranschen, men de har inte blivit integrerade på samma villkor som de infödda kollegerna. Trots att de utrikes födda är högre utbildade, har de lägre inkomst från taxibranschen än de infödda. Resultaten visar hur en bransch med försämrade arbetsvillkor kan erbjuda relativt attraktiva arbetsmöjligheter för utrikes födda, samtidigt som det resulterar i en oavsiktlig bieffekt, nämligen att utrikes födda påverkas hårdast av de rekommodifierande processerna i relationerna mellan arbetsmarknad och socialpolitik.

ENGELSK ABSTRACT:
Susanne Urban & Zoran Slavnic:
Recommodification of the Taxi Sector: Changing of Economic Relations and Ethnic Composition

This article addresses the socio-economic consequences of the rapid deregulation of the Swedish taxi sector. Foreign-born residents have become more involved in the taxi business, but they have not been integrated in the sector under the same conditions as their Swedish-born fellow workers. Although higher educated, they have lower incomes from the taxi sector than their Swedish-born colleagues. Our findings show how a sector with increasingly poorer working conditions appears to be an attractive employment opportunity for foreign-born citizens. However, at the same time, there is an unintended side-effect, in that the foreign born workers are severely affected by the recommodification processes in the relations between labour market and social policy.

Key words: Taxi sector, ethnic segmentation, re-commodifi-cation, deregulation, ethnic divison of labor, informal economy.
Kapitalismens nye ånd og økonomiske hamskifte - Boltanski og Chiapello og tesen om den kognitive kapitalisme
Authors: Erik Kristensen Jens
Published: January 2018

Boltanski og Chiapellos må krediteres for at have rehabiliteret kapitalismekategorien og kapitalismekritikken i en sociologisk og postmarxistisk sammenhæng. Le Nouvel Esprit du capitalisme føjer sig imidlertid til andre forsøg på at forstå de aktuelle transformationer af økonomien og kapitalismen. Med deres fokus på kapitalismens nye ånd ser Boltanski og Chiapello delvist bort fra de økonomiske transformationer af kapitalismen som akkumulationsregime. Tesen er, at deres analyse derfor med held kan komplementeres med indsigterne fra et andet ambitiøst forsøg på at forstå den nye form for kapitalisme – nemlig teserne om den såkaldte kognitive kapitalisme.

ENGELSK ABSTRACT:
Jens Erik Kristensen: The New Spirit of Capitalism and the Shedding of the Economic

Boltanski and Chiapello must be credited for rehabilitating the category of ca-pitalism and capitalism critique in a sociological and post-Marxist context. However Le nouvel ésprit du capitalisme follows other attempts to understand the current transformations of the economy and of capitalism itself. In their focus on the new spirit of capitalism Boltanski and Chiapello ignore in part the eco-nomic transformations of capitalism as a regime of accumulation. The thesis of this article, therefore, is that their analysis can be complemented with insights from another ambitious attempt to understand the new forms of capitalism – namely the theses on the so-called cognitive capitalism.

Key words: New spirit of capitalism, cognitive capitalism, knowledge economy, the immaterial, exploitation, network.
Kritiske handlinger, krav om retfærdiggørelse og bearbejdning af sociale modsætninger
Authors: Boltanski Luc
Published: January 2018

Intet abstract
Samtidsdiagnose som kritik
Authors: Geer Hammershøj Lars
Published: January 2018

Artiklens centrale tese er, at samtidsdiagnose er en form for kritik. Indledningsvist spores samtidsdiagnosens herkomst tilbage til 1700-tallets filosofi (Rousseau, Kant), hvorefter aktuelle bud på filosofiske samtidsdiagnoser præsenteres (Lyotard, Schmidt). Imidlertid synes det at have store implikationer for samtidsdiagnosens kritiske natur, at samtidsdiagnose ofte forveksles med samfundsbeskrivelse (f.eks. Beck), eller at forskere forsøger at erstatte diagnose med beskrivelse (f.eks. Florida). Artiklen argumenterer for, at dette er et problem, eftersom der er tale om diametralt modsatte analysestrategier: Samtidsdiagnosens genstandsfelt er tegn i tiden (tendenser) på transformationer of tidens mulighedsfelt (historiske vilkår), hvorimod samfundsbeskrivelsens genstandsfelt i samfundsvidenskaberne er de faktiske samfundsmæssige institutioner og strukturer og de faktiske sociale aktørers adfærd. Som en analysestrategi, der fremsætter diagnostiske teser med henblik på positivt at etablere muligheden af at tænke anderledes, adskiller samtidsdiagnosens kritik sig fra såvel samfundsvidenskabens som kritisk teoris kritikformer.

ENGELSK ABSTRACT:
Lars Geer Hammershøj: ’’Diagnosis of The Times as Criticism’’

The central argument of this article is that “diagnosis of the times“ is a form of criticism. The article begins by tracing the origin of “diagnosis of the times“ from 18th century philosophy (Rousseau, Kant) to more recent philosophical diagnoses of the times (Lyotard, Schmidt). Diagnosis of the times today is often confused with descriptions of society (e.g. Beck) or attempts to substantiate diagnoses with descriptions (e.g. Florida), which has great implications for its critical nature.
The article argues that this is a problem, since these are diametrically opposed kinds of analysis strategies. While the object of diagnosis of the times is to elucidate indications in the times (tendencies) of transformations of the field of possibility for the times (conditions), the object of description of society in the social sciences is the actual social institutions and structures and the actual social actors. The criticism emerging from “diagnosis of the times“ is different from the criticism of the social sciences and critical theory in being an analysis strategy that aims at presenting diagnostic theses in order to establish the possibility of thinking differently.

Key words: Diagnosis of the times, criticism, social-analytics, methodology, Ulrich Beck.
Hyper-ritualer og følelser for det sociale. Durkheims teori om samfundets møde med sig selv
Authors: Laursen Erik
Published: January 2018

Emile Durkheim er kendt som en sociolog, der understregede vigtigheden af at studere samfundet som en funktionelt integreret helhed af objektiverbare sociale fakta. I artiklen argumenteres der for at følelser i al deres uhåndgribelighed alligevel fascinerede ham som en central forskningsgenstand.
Durkheims teori om følelser har to hovedtemaer. Han har dels en teori om ”opbrusende øjeblikke”, det er situationer præget af sociale oplevelser, der skaber sporsættende og stærkt følelsesmættede erfaringer. Oplevelser, der er tæt knyttet til det sociale, men samtidig transcenderer dette felt og gør det meningsfuldt. Han har endvidere en teori om, hvorledes sociale fællesskaber gennem ritualer, symboler og fortællinger fastholder og genskaber de oprindelige følelser knyttet til de ekstraordinære situationer. Artiklen udfolder Durkheims behandling af disse to teoretiske spor og drager bl.a. den konklusion, at menneskers baggrund for at handle intentionelt formes gennem markante sociale situationer, præget af en høj følelsesmæssig intensitet. En anden konklusion er at sådanne ekstraordinære situationer så at sige insisterer på at blive erindret. Det sker gennem følelsesmæssige bånd, der knytter erindret fortid sammen med erindrende nutid. De ”opbrusende øjeblikke” bliver dermed styrende for de måder hvorpå mennesker, både individuelt og kollektivt, konstruerer deres biografier og gør deres aktuelle handlinger meningsfulde.

ENGELSK ABSTRACT:
Erik Laursen: Hyper-rituals and Feelings for The Social.
Durkheim’s Theory of Society’s Meeting with Itself

Emile Durkheim is known for emphasizing the importance of studying society as a functional, integrated whole of social data that may be objectified. This article argues that feelings in all of their intangibility nevertheless fascinated him. Durkheim’s theory on feelings possesses two main themes. On one hand he has a theory on “effervescent moments”, which are situations characterized by social experiences creating path making and strongly emotional experiences. Experiences closely connected to social life but at the same time transcending this field and giving it meaning. In addition, he has a theory about how social communities maintain and regenerate the original fee-lings attached to extraordinary situations through rituals, symbols and sto-ries. This article presents Durkheim’s discussion of these two theoretic paths and concludes that people’s background for acting intentionally is formed by significant social situations characterized by intense feeling. It also concludes that such extraordinary situations insist on being remembered. This happens through emotional ties binding recalled past to recalling present. The “effervescent moments” become therefore the ways in which people, individually as well as collectively, construct their biographies and give their current acts meaning.

Key words: Hyper-rituals, emotions, soft social facts, religion, effervescence moments.
Klasse og kultur på danske universitetsuddannelser
Authors: Thomsen Jens Peter
Published: January 2018

Denne artikel beskæftiger sig med social ulighed på lange videregående uddannelser i Danmark. Ved at betragte de interne forskelle i det danske universitetsfelt undersøges omfanget og karakteren af den sociale differentiering på de lange videregående uddannelser. For at forstå disse sociale differentieringsprocesser anlægges et henholdsvis makro- og mikrosociologisk perspektiv på betydningen af social klasse og kulturel praksis på uddannelserne, og der stilles det overordnede spørgsmål: Hvad er sammenhængen mellem unges valg af videregående uddannelse, deres sociale oprindelse og de kulturelle praktikker på de forskellige videregående uddannelser? Empirien udgøres af såvel registerdata som af feltarbejde på tre udvalgte universitetsuddannelser, og der bruges følgelig såvel kvantitative som kvalitative metoder. Analysen af universitetsfeltet viser at der er meget stor forskel på de forskellige uddannelsers sociale profil, at der er en tydelig klassestruktur i det danske universitetsfelt, at den kulturelle praksis der kendetegner udvalgte uddannelser kan forstås meningsfuldt i sammenhæng med denne klassestruktur, og endelig at det kræver bestemte forudsætninger at mestre kulturen på de forskellige uddannelser.

Søgeord: Social differentiering, social klasse, videregående uddannelser, universitetsstuderende, uddannelseskultur, uddannelsesvalg.

ENGELSK ABSTRACT:
Jens Peter Thomsen: Social Class and Culture in Danish Universities
In this article I address the question of social inequality in higher education. By looking at the horizontal stratification in the Danish university field I examine the extent and nature of the processes of social differentiation within the different university programs. In order to understand the processes of differentiation, a macro- and micro-sociological perspective on the significance of social class and cultural practice in the university programs is applied. The main question is: What is the relationship between young people’s choice of university program, social class origin and the cultural practices in the different university programs? National register data as well as fieldwork carried out in three different university programs make up the empirical basis of the research, and both quantitative and qualitative methods are applied. The analysis of the university field shows that: A) The university field is highly structured by social class, B) there are great differences in the class characteristics of the student body in the different programs, C) the class structure in the university field is closely related to the cultural practices characterizing specific programs, and finally, D) that students from certain social backgrounds are better prepared than other students for the practical mastery of these cultural practices.

Key words: Higher education, social class, horizontal stratification, university students, educational cultures, choice of higher education.
Deoxynivalenol occurrence in Serbian maize under different weather conditions
Authors: Jajic Igor , Krstovic Sasa , Jaksic Sandra , Vukovic Gorica , Bursic Vojislava , Guljas Darko
Published: January 2018

The aim of this paper was to investigate deoxynivalenol (DON) occurrence in
maize samples originating from two harvest seasons in Serbia. The key
differences between harvest seasons were weather conditions, specifically
the humidity. The samples were analyzed using high performance liquid
chromatography with DAD detection, after clean-up on SPE columns. In samples
from 2014, DON was found in 82 (100.0%) samples with the average content of
2.517 mg/kg (ranged from 0.368 to 11.343 mg/kg). Two samples exceeded
maximum level permitted by EU regulations. However, analyzing larger number
of samples (163) from 2015 harvest season, DON was present in 51 (31.3%)
samples in significantly lower concentrations (average of 0.662 mg/kg,
ranged from 0.106 to 2.628 mg/kg). None of the samples from 2015 exceeded
maximum level permitted by EU regulations. The data on DON presence in
Serbian maize were in relation to the different weather conditions that
prevailed during the two harvest seasons.
Spatial distribution of genets in population of saprotrophic fungi Marasmius rotula on Mt. Stara planina
Authors: Boskovic Eleonora , Galovic Vladislava , Karaman Maja
Published: January 2018

This study was conducted to determine the size and spatial distribution of
mycelial individuals of Marasmius rotula at one locality on Mt. Stara
planina in the Republic of Serbia. Total of 12 sporocarps were collected
from investigated locality (Vidlic, Stara planina). Sporocarps were
distributed in four groups and distances between them were approximately
10-30 meters. Genomic DNA was extracted from each sporocarp and used for
inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) polymorphism analysis using (GTG)5 and
(GACA)4 primers. Both primers showed reproducible band patterns on agarose
gels and sporocarps with identical band patterns were considered to belong
to the same individual (genet) and were grouped accordingly. Grouping with
both primers determined that 12 analyzed sporocarps belong to 4 distinct
genets (A, B, C, D). Approximate genet diameters were 2 m for two genets (A,
B) and 15 m for one genet (C) while diameter of one genet (D) was not
possible to determine since it was represented only by one sporocarp. The
results presented here are the first data about size and spatial
distribution of genets of M. rotula. To determine whether the obtained genet
sizes are general trait of an analyzed species or a special trait appeared
as an effect of environmental conditions, more information on the genet
distribution of other M. rotula populations is needed.
Comparison of antioxidant capacities of two Ganoderma lucidum strains of different geographical origins
Authors: Raseta Milena , Vrbaski Sara , Boskovic Eleonora , Popovic Mira , Mimica-Dukic Neda , Karaman Maja
Published: January 2018

Ganoderma lucidum, used in a traditional Chinese medicine, represents one of
the most important medicinal mushrooms in the world, whose fruiting bodies
and spores have been traditionally used because of a wide spectrum of
biological activities such as antidiabetic, antioxidative,
antiproliferative, cardioprotective, etc. Its ethnomedicinal importance in
some parts of the Balkan region (Serbia and Croatia) is almost totally
unknown and there should be more scientific investigations carried out. The
aim of this work was to make a comparative study of antioxidative activities
and total phenolic content of ethanol and hot water extracts of G. lucidum,
collected from forests in Serbia (Morovicke sume, Fruska Gora) and Croatia
(Donji Lapac, Pljesevica). The present study was carried out to evaluate
antioxidant potential of examined extracts via scavenging potential on ABTS,
DPPH, OH? and NO? radicals, as well as of chelating effects via FRAP assay,
together with determination of their total phenolic content. Results showed
that both GLS extracts possessed better antiradical activities
(IC50=0.23?0.01 for H2O and 2.75?0.01 ?g/mL for EtOH for OH? and DPPH assay,
respectively) than in the ABTS assay (151.40?1.07 mg TE/g d.w. for EtOH),
while the phenolic content was generally equal in extracts of Serbian and
Croatian samples (60.74?0.57 mg GAE/g d.w. for EtOH and 77.10?0.27 mg GAE/g
d.w. for H2O, respectively). Therefore, these extracts could be considered
as a good source of natural antioxidants. These results showed that examined
G. lucidum extracts (especially ?2?) contain high amount of phenolic content
which could significantly enhance the antiradical potential and reduce
potential on iron ions. This is the first study reporting the comparison of
antioxidant activities and phenolic contents of two different extracts
between two G. lucidum strains from two different geographical origins from
the Balkan region.
Colletotrichum orbiculare on watermelon: Identification and in vitro inhibition by antagonistic fungi
Authors: Zivkovic Svetlana , Stosic Stefan , Stevanovic Milos , Gasic Katarina , Aleksic Goran , Vucurovic Ivan , Ristic Danijela
Published: January 2018

Anthracnose caused by the fungus Colletotrichum orbiculare is one of the most
significant diseases of Cucurbitaceae. In Serbia watermelon fruits with
typical anthracnose lesions were collected during the year of 2015. Affected
fruits showed sunken, dark brown to black lesions with orange conidial
masses produced in black acervuli. In an attempt to identify the causal
organism, small pieces of necrotic tissue were surface sterilized and placed
on potato dextrose agar (PDA). Macroscopic and microscopic morphologicaly
characteristics of three isolates were observed after growth on PDA for 7
days at 25 ?C under a 12 h light/dark cycle. Fungal colonies developed
white, grey to black dense aerial mycelium. Conidia were hyaline, aseptate,
straight and cylindrical to clavate, 9-12.5 ?m ? 4-5.5 ?m. Fungal isolates
were also characterized by sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer
(ITS) rDNA region using ITS1F/ITS4 primers and ?-tubuline 2 gene using
T1/Bt2b primers. The nucleotide sequences were deposited in GenBank (ITS
Acc. No. KT454386, KT454387 and KT454388; ?-tubuline 2 gene Acc. No.
KT581236, KT581237 and KT581238). BLAST analysis of ITS and ?-tubuline 2
gene sequences showed that our isolates were 100% identical to other C.
orbiculare in NCBI GenBank. Pathogenicity test was conducted on symptomless,
detached watermelon fruits. All tested isolates caused anthracnose lesions
on watermelon fruits after 10 days of incubation. Trichoderma harzianum (DSM
63059) and Gliocladium roseum (DSM 62726) were evaluated in vitro for their
antagonistic potential against C. orbiculare. The results of this study
identify T. harzianum and G. roseum as promising biological control agents
(BCAs) for further testing against anthracnose disease on water?melon
fruits.
Sundanese Sīrah in Indonesia Archipelago: A Contribution of R.A.A. Wiranatakoesoema’s Riwajat Kangdjeng Nabi Moehammad s.a.w.
Authors: Rohmana Jajang A
Published: January 2018

The article aims to analyze the influence of Sundanese culture in a book of sīrah or biography of Muhammad. This study focuses on R.A.A. Wiranatakoesoema’s Riwajat Kangdjeng Nabi Moehammad s.a.w. (1941), analyzed using hermeneutics. It is a Sundanese translation of Dinet and Sliman’s The Life of Mohammad (1918) which inserted twenty-seven French realist painting illustrations. Wiranatakoesoema did not only translate the book into Sundanese, but also added the great narratives in the form of Sundanese metrical poetry or dangding. The life of Muhammad was described into a Sundanese character like the personality of Sundanese noble. This research shows that Sundanese culture held great influence on Wiranatakoesoema’s narration of Muhammad’s life. Wiranatakoesoema’s Riwajat reflects the influence of Sundanese culture which represents the author as a Sundanese people. It is one of contributions of Sundanese culture and literature in narrating the same story of sīrah in various language of the world.
PENGARUH INSTITUTIONAL IMAGE TERHADAP STUDENTS LOYALTY MELALUI WORD OF MOUTH DI UNISSULA SEMARANG
Authors: Sugianto La Ode , Farida Umi
Published: January 2018

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the impact of institutional image on students loyalty trough word of mouth at Sultan Agung Islamic University. The type of research used in this study is hypothesis testing. The instrument used in this study was a questionnaire. After distributing the relevant questionnaires among 99 students, all usable questionnaires are returned. Then the data collections are analyzed by using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). Research findings show that institutional image has a positive significant effect on word of mouth and students loyalty. Then, word of mouth has a positive significant effect on loyalty. The research has given description well that Institutional Image and word of mouth variables still give positive contribution toward students loyalty in Sultan Agung Islamic University.
TOOL OR TOY: A SURVEY OF PARENTAL ATTITUDES TOWARDS THE USE OF CELL PHONES AT SCHOOLS IN ZIMBABWE
Authors: Manyarara Barbara C
Published: January 2018

The paper surveys parental attitudes to secondary school studentsâ€™ use of cellphones in Zimbabwe after a ministerial pronouncement caused a media storm that even parliament failed to resolve, especially since parents as stakeholders had not been consulted on what could become policy. The current paper sought to fill this information gap by briefly surveying parental attitudes and motivations for accepting or rejecting the use of cell phones at school by adolescents. A descriptive survey research design was used and the researcher accessed her research population through the WhatsApp application of her smartphone. The interactive nature of the WhatsApp messaging platform merged several forms of data gathering and resulted in semi-questionnaires, minor document analysis, and a loosely scripted interview. Feedback and clarifications between the researcher and respondents were almost immediate. The data were subjected to both qualitative and quantitative analyses and showed that the majority of parents do not want adolescents to take cell phones to school for various reasons. The most serious were: distracting learners because they are addictive; promoting pornography; and cyber-bullying. A few believed cell phones were useful in emergencies; and can enhance learning. Short of ministerial imposition, parents have rejected the use of cell phones at school by adolescents.
BOTSWANA YOUTH AND HEALTH-RELATED RISKS: REFLECTIONS ON SOME INTERVENTION STRATEGIES
Authors: Adekanmbi Gbolagade , Maundeni Tapologo
Published: January 2018

This paper explores the theme of health-related risks among the youth in Botswana. It examines a number of intervention strategies geared toward addressing the problems associated with these risks. The paper notes that Botswana has made considerable progress in the provision of social services, including services that aim to diminish health-related risks among the youth. The dimensions of these interventions have ranged from government policy initiatives to school-based programmes, deliberate development of youth action plans, the involvement of tertiary institutions, the activities of non-governmental organisations and the intervention of faith-based organisations. Despite these interventions, some challenges still exist. For some of the organisations, these challenges include a lack of capacity and shortage of funds. In tertiary institutions, the transitory nature of studentsâ€™ residence, the under-utilisation of services and human resource constraints are problematic. Adolescents remain exposed to sexually-transmitted diseases, and too little attention is given to youth with disabilities. The paper suggests that there is a need to employ social workers in schools, create greater awareness in tertiary institutions, engage in further research and documentation on the subject, and ensure an aggressive pursuit of the training of youth officers.
Corelation Between Particle Fines and Laboratory CBR From Heavy Compaction Characteristics
Authors: Dave Rima , Timani Ketan , Mehta Priti
Published: January 2018

The sub grade is a layer of natural soil, prepared to receive the layers of pavement. The thickness of pavement depends upon the properties of sub grade. Sub grade should be strong enough to take up the stresses imposed due to loads with out shear failure and excessive deformation. Sub grade soil strength is evaluated in terms of California Bearing Ratio and is used for design of flexible pavement. It can be performed both in the laboratory and field. The CBR test is laborious and time consuming, even though use of CBR as a performance parameter is widely acknowledged. Also it is very difficult to prepare sample at desired in situ density for laboratory testing. The CBR value depends on factors like particle fines, plasticity index, maximum dry density and optimum moisture content. The fine particles have engineering defect and its CBR value is low. This paper presents the effect of fine particles on CBR value. For the laboratory investigation, specimens were fabricated at optimum moisture content and maximum dry density by heavy compaction with varying proportion of sand, silt-clay and fine gravel mixtures. The samples were soaked in water for four days to simulate highly unfavorable condition. Correlation coefficient between fine particles and laboratory CBR values are obtained. Various linear relationships between index properties and CBR of the samples are investigated using linear regression analysis. Analysis of the experimental data indicated that there exist a good correlation among the measured value and predicted value of CBR
Proficiency Effect on EFL Learners’ Realization of Complaints
Authors: Usó-Juan Esther , Martínez-Flor Alicia
Published: January 2018

Research on the effect of language proficiency on L2 pragmatics seems to provide somewhat mixed results (Xiao, 2015). On that account, this paper investigates the effect of English language proficiency on English language learner’s use of complaining strategies in contrasting situations which varied according to the sociopragmatic factors of social status, social distance and severity of offense. Results show that learners at two proficiency levels demonstrated similar patterns with regard their use of buffer and complaint super-strategies across situations. However, negotiation super-strategies were more frequent across situations in the higher proficiency group. These findings are discussed and pedagogical implications suggested.
Land Feature Extraction-Identification and Descrimincation using Geospatial Technique
Authors: Modi Dharmesh , Bhandari Subhash , Zala Laxmansinh B.
Published: January 2018

The Gulf of Cambay/Khambhat, (GoC), the study area is highly influenced by the tidal currents other than geological and structural set up of the region. In Gulf of Cambay, a large tidal range during high and low tides give rise to strong tidal currents and develops a mechanism of sediment transportation. Interestingly the inverted funnel shape of GoC has large contribution for the sediment deposition in this region. During high tide the tide currents move into the Gulf and encroaches the river mouth whereas during low tide, they move out. This regular phenomena since long period on geological time scale has modified the geomorphological features in this region.

Along the major estuaries of Sabarmati, Mahi, Narmada and Tapi, the sediment budget is controlled by seasonal variation and also by tide and ebb phenomena.

Using remote sensing images of different time scale and topographical map one can study the changes in geomorphological features. Satellite remote sensing technique has proven to be the paramount tool for studying surficial land features, especially for the inaccessible area or where time variable studies and regional scale studies are carried out. The well-developed natural or artificial features near to coastline viz salt pan, marshy land, mudflats, rocky cliffs, alluvial cliffs, wet land, mangroves, erosional and depositional features are well studied with the help of remote sensing techniques.
Buffer Based CCPM Scheduling:A Modern Approach for Indian Constraints
Authors: Prajapati Mona , Yadav Neetu
Published: January 2018

At present in Indian Construction, large number of construction projects is delayed by many reasons one of them is ‘improper planning and scheduling’ and ‘resources uncertainty’, which are more concerned for every project manager. There are many scheduling techniques but resource based technique is only one i.e. Critical chain project management (CCPM). This paper contains review of 35 research papers, thesis and articles on CCPM. Main aim of paper is to explore the opportunities to apply CCPM by means of literature review to minimize uncertainty and variation in project activity duration. Paper also describe theories behind CCPM network and procedure of preparing CCPM network.
Etumos Apistos, “Truly Doubtful”: Confounding Etyma in Scientific Nomenclature
Authors: Calvo Juan José
Published: January 2018

From the early 16th century, Western European science systematically resorted to Latin and Greek, the two fundamental languages of its culture, to construct their terminology. The various Renaissance anatomical atlantes, the early 18th century zoological and botanical taxonomies, the neo-Hellenisms of the late Ancient Régime chemists … scientific nomenclature at large, systematically relied upon the premise of a shared cultural soil, regardless of nation of origin, mother tongue or field of knowledge. The neologism, the neo-Greek and/or neo-Latin construct shall, thus, be a common reference to all Western European languages and, consequently, the eventual linguistic mediator would not have to worry about transmission values except for lesser (spelling, phonetic, morphological, syntactical) adaptations and for fine, even subtle adjustments of the technical or the semi-technical terms. And yet, that confidence does not always turn out to be trustworthy and there are too many instances in which the source language etymon and the target language etymon do not match and the linguistic mediator, the translator or interpreter, is forced to rethink the inferred ‘univocal’ nature and the referential invariability of the terminology that is to be transferred.