bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Профессиональное образование в России: пути догоняющей и инновационной модернизации
Authors: Didenko Dmitry , Klyucharyov Grigory
Published: August 2015

Диденко Дмитрий Валерьевич — кандидат исторических наук, научный сотрудник Института социологии РАН. Эл. адрес: ddidenko@bloomberg.net Адрес: Институт социологии Российской академии наук — Россия, 117218, Москва, ул. Кржижановского, д. 24/35, корп. 5.Ключарев Григорий Артурович — доктор философских наук, профессор, заведующий отделом социально-экономических исследований Института социологии РАН. Эл. адрес: kliucharevga@mail.ru Адрес: Институт социологии Российской академии наук — Россия, 117218, Москва, ул. Кржижановского, д. 24/35, корп. 5.На материале массовых экспертных социологических опросов 2009–2011 гг. выявлены тенденции модернизационных преобразований в современной российской системе высшего образования. Показано, что высшая профессиональная школа сегодня функционально и ресурсно ориентирована в основном на подготовку кадров для догоняющего развития экономики и общества. 90% высших учебных заведений, в которых обучаются около 80% от общего числа студентов, реализуют модель догоняющего образования.Выделены особенности моделей инновационного и догоняющего профессионального образования, проанализирована их характерность для российской системы высшего образования. Перечислены основные направления модернизационных инициатив вузов-инноваторов, рассмотрены промежуточные результаты реализации инновационной стратегии развития профессионального образования.Анализ эмпирических данных показал, что в рамках инновационной модели происходит интенсивное увеличение образовательного пространства, реализуется принцип непрерывности образования. При этом деятельность учебного заведения не ограничивается рамками формального учебного процесса и получает выход в социально-экономическую сферу.В организации учебного процесса преобладают формы и методы, свойственные догоняющей модели. В рамках этой модели образования особое значение приобретает целевой набор студентов и целевое образовательное кредитование как наиболее надежная гарантия выполнения выпускником и предприятием взятых на себя обязательств.Выявлен значительный разрыв между содержанием образования и запросами практики, присущий вузам вне зависимости от модели образования. При этом установлено, что инновационная модель обеспечивает лучшие результаты трудоустройства. Подтверждено недостаточное участие вузов в реализации программ дополнительного образования, а также слабая связь вузов с рынком труда и конкретными предприятиями.
Как государства добиваются международной конкурентоспособности университетов: уроки для России
Authors: Salmi Jamil , Froumin Isak
Published: August 2015

Салми Джамил (Jamil Salmi) — Ph. D., координатор проектов Всемирного банка по высшему образованию, член Международного консультативного комитета НИУ ВШЭ jsalmi@tertiaryeducation.org Адрес: Институт Всемирного Банка — 1818 H Street, NW, Washington, D.C. 20433, United States.Фрумин Исак Давидович — доктор педагогических наук, профессор, научный руководитель Института образования НИУ ВШЭ. Эл. адрес: ifroumin@hse.ru Анализируются инициативы по достижению выдающихся результатов в секторе университетского образования, реализованные в течение последних пятнадцати лет в разных странах мира. Описываются их основные характеристики, а также ключевые факторы, обусловливающие их эффективность: высокая концентрация в университете талантливых преподавателей и студентов; изобилие ресурсов для формирования разносторонней среды обучения и проведения перспективных исследований; эффективное управление, включающее поощрение стратегического планирования, инноваций и гибкого подхода, что позволяет вузам принимать решения и распределять ресурсы без дополнительных издержек. Перечислены «ускоряющие факторы», способствующие достижению выдающихся результатов. Рассматриваются варианты разработки и реализации инициатив по достижению выдающихся результатов, а также преимущества и недостатки каждого из них.На основании международного опыта и оценки последних преобразований в системе высшего образования в России определяются основные задачи проектов по повышению конкурентоспособности российских университетов: интенсивное развитие многопрофильных центров выдающихся достижений и постбакалавриата в ведущих университетах; адресная помощь перспективным молодым исследователям; интернационализация образования; преобразование системы управления. Отмечается, что важнейшими элементами дизайна программы должны стать устойчивое финансирование и доведение качества инфраструктуры до уровня глобально конкурентоспособных университетов.Подчеркивается, что инициатива по достижению выдающихся результатов, направленная на поддержку исследовательских университетов, не исключает необходимость проведения общесистемных реформ в сфере образования. Предполагается, что их осуществление усилит эффект инициативы по достижению выдающихся результатов.
Из истории становления университетского образования в советской провинции
Authors: Kail Maksim
Published: August 2015

Каиль Максим Владимирович — кандидат исторических наук, доцент Смоленского государственного университета. Эл. Адрес: mvkail@mail.ru Адрес: Смоленский государственный университет — Россия, 214000, г. Смоленск, ул. Пржевальского, д. 4.На примере организации Смоленского государственного университета, созданного в числе шести первых в Советской России, исследуется характер вовлеченности в становление университетского образования органов государственной власти разных уровней, общественной инициативы, интеллигенции, ассоциаций и научных обществ, видных ученых. Создание университета предстает как социокультурный феномен, определяющий развитие сферы образования, науки и культуры макрорегиона (Западного региона России).Определены этапы создания и выявлены сложности организации Смоленского университета. Описана его структура в первые годы работы, обозначено значение молодого вуза Западного региона для провинциального сообщества.Установлено, что ключевую роль в создании Смоленского университета сыграла региональная инициатива и бескомпромиссные созидательные действия членов Комиссии по организации университета, что свидетельствует об определяющей роли частной и общественно-научной инициативы в деле становления высшего образования в Советской России. Преодоление же объективных и субъективных трудностей в развитии Смоленского университета зачастую напрямую зависело от воли и энергии ведущих ученых, научных и педагогических коллективов отдельных факультетов и всего университета.Подчеркивается, что практика создания университета в провинции, развитие отдельных образовательных направлений опирались на потребности конкретного региона, его материальные возможности, ресурсы кадрового обеспечения. Быстрый рост университетской инфраструктуры в тяжелых условиях Гражданской войны был обусловлен приоритетностью задачи построения системы высшего образования в работе губернской администрации.
Руководство для авторов, публикующих результаты разработки оценочного инструмента
Authors: Tyumeneva Yulia , Yaremenko Anisya
Published: August 2015

Тюменева Юлия Алексеевна — кандидат психологических наук, старший научный сотрудник Центра мониторинга качества образования НИУ ВШЭ. Эл. адрес: jutu@yandex.ru Яременко Анисья Александровна — магистр психологии, стажер-исследователь Международной лаборатории анализа образовательной политики Института образования НИУ ВШЭ. Эл. адрес: anisia89@gmail.com Изложены требования журнала «Вопросы образования» к публикациям, в которых докладываются результаты разработки какого-либо инструмента оценки. Термин «инструмент» используется в качестве обобщающего понятия для общераспространенных форм стандартизированных процедур оценки, таких как тест, опросник, шкала, методика и т.д.Руководство подготовлено при учете стандартов Американской психологической ассоциации, Американской ассоциации исследований в области образования и Национального совета по измерениям в образовании.Указываются обязательные содержательные элементы, которые должны быть представлены в статье о результатах разработки оценочного инструмента: теоретические основания разрабатываемого инструмента; существующие инструменты оценки этого же конструкта или близких конструктов и преимущества применяемых в исследовании инструментов по сравнению с ними; описание разработанного инструмента; метод установления надежности и валидизация инструмента; результаты анализа. Перечисляются необходимые составляющие в описании инструмента: структура инструмента, подсчет баллов. Обозначается обязательная структура описания метода установления надежности и валидизация инструмента: участники и процедура; используемые инструменты анализа; стратегия анализа. В описании результатов установления надежности и валидности инструмента выделяются следующие обязательные составляющие: надежность получаемых баллов; валидность; нормы (если устанавливались). Описание каждого структурного элемента сопровождается соответствующими примерами. Приводятся дополнительные рекомендации по описанию процедуры исследования в соответствии с возможными особенностями работы.Руководство позволит авторам заметить и восполнить потенциальные дефициты проведенного исследования.
Вступительный комментарий к статье Джеймса Пола Джи «Деятельность человека и социальные группы как естественная среда оценивания: размышления об обучении и оценке в XXI в.»
Authors: Polivanova Katerina
Published: August 2015

Поливанова Катерина Николаевна — доктор психологических наук, профессор департамента образовательных программ Института развития образования НИУ ВШЭ.  Эл. адрес: kpolivanova@mail.ru Анализируется концепция присвоения нового знания, выдвинутая Дж.П. Джи. Резюмируются ее основные положения, выстраивается логика аргументации, обсуждается форма выражения. Проводятся параллели заявленных в статье тезисов с отечественными исследованиями структуры деятельности, игры и самооценки.Рассматривается понятие «идентичность», выделенное автором статьи как начальный этап любой деятельности человека, подразумевающий осознание новичком себя частью той или иной социальной группы и принятие ее системы оценок. Обсуждаются проблема идентичности школьника в процессе обучения, риски возникновения причастности не к учебным дисциплинам, а к понятийной сфере «хороший ученик». Идентичность правилам образования приводит к искажению мотивации к познавательной деятельности, создается установка на обучение не ради получения знаний, а во избежание возможных санкций в случае невыполнения тех или иных обязательств.В контексте отечественной версии теории деятельности анализируется выдвинутое автором утверждение о самооценке как своеобразной максиме процесса обучения. Отмечается новизна взгляда на самооценку как способ поддержания субъектом своей идентичности.Обсуждаются значение игры в образовательной практике, а также вопрос соотносимости знания и компетенции. Представлена позиция Дж.П. Джи относительно применения формального оценивания. Рассматриваются приводимые автором статьи примеры способов обучения в XXI в., потенциал которых открывается с появлением новых возможностей моделирования учебных сред.
Who Is a Stream? Epistemic Communities, Instrument Constituencies and Advocacy Coalitions in Public Policy-Making
Authors: Mukherjee Ishani , Howlett Michael
Published: August 2015

John Kingdon’s Multiple Streams Framework (MSF) was articulated in order to better understand how issues entered onto policy agendas, using the concept of policy actors interacting over the course of sequences of events in what he referred to as the “problem”, “policy” and “politics” “streams”. However, it is not a priori certain who the agents are in this process and how they interact with each other. As was common at the time, in his study Kingdon used an undifferentiated concept of a “policy subsystem” to group together and capture the activities of various policy actors involved in this process. However, this article argues that the policy world Kingdon envisioned can be better visualized as one composed of distinct subsets of actors who engage in one specific type of interaction involved in the definition of policy problems: either the articulation of problems, the development of solutions, or their enactment. Rather than involve all subsystem actors, this article argues that three separate sets of actors are involved in these tasks: epistemic communities are engaged in discourses about policy problems; instrument constituencies define policy alternatives and instruments; and advocacy coalitions compete to have their choice of policy alternatives adopted. Using this lens, the article focuses on actor interactions involved both in the agenda-setting activities Kingdon examined as well as in the policy formulation activities following the agenda setting stage upon which Kingdon originally worked. This activity involves the definition of policy goals (both broad and specific), the creation of the means and mechanisms to realize these goals, and the set of bureaucratic, partisan, electoral and other political struggles involved in their acceptance and transformation into action. Like agenda-setting, these activities can best be modeled using a differentiated subsystem approach.
Zumbi e a Construção da Identidade Negra: uma Análise sobre a História em Quadrinhos “Zumbi – A Saga de Palmares” * Zumbi and Formation of Black Identity: an Analysis on the Comics "Zumbi - The Saga of Palmares"
Authors: FINGER VINÍCIUS
Published: August 2015

Resumo: O objetivo deste artigo é realizar uma análise do personagem de Zumbi encontrado no álbum em quadrinhos “Zumbi - A Saga de Palmares” e sua relação com os princípios, ideologias e políticas que embasaram os movimentos antirracistas ao longo do século XX. Analisa também os modos de construção da figura de Zumbi, através das narrativas propostas pelo Movimento Negro Unificado. Apresentando uma síntese dos movimentos antirracismo mais representativos no Brasil durante o século XX.

Palavras-chaves: Zumbi – Palmares – MNU.

 

Abstract: The aim of this article is to analyze Zumbi’s character found in the comic book "Zumbi - The Saga of Palmares" and its relationship with the principles, ideologies and policies which based anti-racist movements throughout the twentieth century. It also analyzes the forms of formation of the figure of Zumbi through the narratives proposed by the Unified Black Movement (Movimento Negro Unificado). It presents a summary of the most significant anti-racism movements in Brazil during the twentieth century.

Keywords: Zumbi – Palmares – MNU.
GELVIN, James L. The Arab uprisings: what everyone needs to know. Oxford, Nova York: Oxford University Press, 2012, 185 p.
Authors: FRANCO GILMARA YOSHIHARA
Published: August 2015

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Gestão do Patrimônio Histórico e Cultural no Contexto do “Plano de Ação para as Cidades Históricas”, Cáceres - Mato Grosso * Management of the Historical and Cultural Heritage in the Context of the “Action Plan for the Historical Cities”, Cáceres – MT
Authors: SILVA LUCIANO PEREIRA DA
Published: August 2015

Resumo: Esse texto tem como perspectiva polemizar sobre questões que envolvem a conservação, a destruição, a subutilização e os benefícios do patrimônio arqueológico da cidade de Cáceresem Mato Grosso. Consideram-se possibilidades de gestão sobre tais bens culturais na peculiar geopolítica da cultura municipal, sobre a qual, julga-se importante Cáceres estar entre as cidades históricas do Brasil. Serão discutidos casos de gestão possível nos seguintes sítios arqueológicos: 1) Cavalhada, 2) Carne Seca (Jardim Paraíso), 3) Fazenda Facão, 4) Fazenda Jacobina, 5) Comunidade das Flechas e 6) Cemitério São João Batista.

Palavras-chave: Patrimônio Histórico e Cultural – Cidades Históricas – Arqueologia.

 

Abstract: This text aims to debate on matters which involve the preservation and destruction, the underutilization and the benefits of the archaeological heritage in the city of Cáceres in Mato Grosso. Possibilities for management on such cultural assets in the peculiar geopolitics of the city culture, on which it is deemed to be important that Cáceres be among the historical cities in Brazil. Cases of management will be debated in the possible following archaeological sites: 1) Cavalhada, 2) Carne Seca (Jardim Paraíso), 3) Fazenda Facão, 4) Fazenda Jacobina, 5) Comunidade das Flechas and 6) Cemitério São João Batista.

Keywords: Historical and Cultural Heritage – Historical Cities – Archaeology. 
Experiências Urbanas: Migrantes e Modos de Viver e Trabalhar na Periferia de Campina Grande na Década de 1960 * Urban Experiences: Migrants and Ways of Living and Working in the Outskirts of Campina Grande in the 1960s
Authors: SILVA HILMARIA XAVIER DA
Published: August 2015

Resumo: A partir do final da década de 1940 e início de 1950, Campina Grande passa por uma significativa urbanização e expansão, favorecida pelo crescimento econômico. Observamos que trabalhadores do campo migraram da zona rural para a zona urbana de Campina Grande à medida que o trabalho na lavoura estava se tornando inviável em razão das secas e viam no centro urbano de Campina possibilidades outras de trabalhar e ter condições de vida mais dignas. Nosso trabalho intenta refletir sobre como alguns populares migraram para Campina Grande no fim da década de 1950 e década de 1960, modificando suas práticas no mundo do trabalho e alterando as características da malha urbana, já que, concentrando-se na periferia, homens e mulheres outrora lavradores passaram agora a desempenhar funções de vigilantes, pedreiros, lavadeiras, vendedores ambulantes, carroceiros, quebradores de pedra, dentre outras.

Palavras-chave: Migração, Campina Grande, Trabalho.

 

Abstract: From the late 1940s and early 1950s, Campina Grande undergoes a significant urbanization and expansion, favored by economic growth. We observed that rural workers migrated from rural to urban area in Campina Grande in so far as the farming activity was becoming unviable due to droughts and they could see, in the urban center of Campina, other possibilities of working and worthier life conditions. Our work attempts to reflect on how some popular migrated to Campina Grande in the late 1950s and 1960s, changing their practices in the workplace and changing the characteristics of the city, because massing in the periphery, men and women who were ploughpeople in past, have now the role of watchers, bricklayers, washerwomen, street vendors, cart drivers, stone breakers, among others.

Keywords: Migration – Campina Grande – Work.
Associative experiment as one of the Methods of studying Linguistic Consciousness in Physicians
Authors:   V. I. Razumovsky Saratov State Medical University, Rodionova T. V. , Privalova I. V. ,   V. I. Razumovsky Saratov State Medical University
Published: August 2015

The article discusses the potential of a psycholinguistic association experiment in the study of professional and personal distinguishing features of language consciousness in physicians. Research findings support the idea of associative reactions being professionally determined and of their congruency with the parcels recorded in the lexical-semantic field «Disease».
Condolences: a Linguistic Perspective (on the Material of the German language)
Authors:   National Research University «Higher School of Economics» (HSE), Trofimova N. A.
Published: August 2015

The article deals with a specific type of etiquette statements – condolences. The first part analyzes the pragmatic conditions for making the relevant speech acts, then the author covers the language operators which generate and modify the sense elements of condolences. The paper concludes with a view on indirect ways of expressing condolences.
The Motive of Absentmindedness and the Parisian theme in A. P. Chekhov’s Comedy «the Cherry orchard»
Authors:   Saratov State University, Prozorov V. V.
Published: August 2015

The rich motive of absentmindedness that pervades the last comedy by A. P. Chekhov «The Cherry Orchard» is regarded in this article from the perspective of the Parisian theme forbidden in the household and closely related to innermost passionate anxieties of Lyubov Andreevna Ranevskaya.
Leonid Andreev’s oeuvre in the evaluation of Russkiy Vestnik (the Russian Bulletin)
Authors:   Saratov State University, Sergeev A. S.
Published: August 2015

The article considers the attitudes of N. M. Sokolov and N. Ya. Stechkin – the leading critics of the journal Russkiy Vestnik in 1902–1906 – to the oeuvre of Leonid Andreev and to its place in the readers’ minds. The article shows to what extent the critical evaluations depended on the topics unfolded in the author’s works.
Shipovnik (Rose tree) Almanac: an Integrating Context (on the Material of the third Book, 1908)
Authors:   Saratov State University, Romaykina Yu. S.
Published: August 2015

The article reveals external and internal factors contributing to the formation of an integrating context of the third book of Shipovnik Publishing House Literary-Artistic Almanac (1908): the design of the book and composition are being examined, the motives of the almanac’s texts are analyzed.
The Motive of fate in the Late Prose by Ch. T. Aitmatov
Authors:   Saratov State University, Vasilyeva Yu. O.
Published: August 2015

The article consistently traces the actualization of the fate motive in four novels by Ch. T. Aitmatov; his semantic key points are analyzed in each work and the evolution of this text element is revealed.
Aplicabilidade de Um Protocolo Fisioterápico no Pós-Operatório de Ligamento Cruzado Anterior
Authors: Soares Weverthon , Moura Walace Érick De Medeiros , Campos Júlio Corrêa , Costa Júlio Marco Soutelino , França Juliano Silva
Published: August 2015

O estudo teve como objetivo verificar a eficácia de um protocolo de tratamento na reabilitação de um pós-operatório de ligamento cruzado anterior do joelho com um individuo jovem e atleta do sexo masculino, que sofreu entorse do joelho esquerdo e apresentou ruptura parcial do ligamento cruzado anterior. No qual se observa uma melhora funcional significativa e gradativa a cada etapa do tratamento, o que mostrou a importância de um protocolo de tratamento no programa de reabilitação na reintegração funcional nas atividades de vida diárias deste indivíduo, que no caso especifico é um atleta jovem.
Scientific Certainty in a Time of Uncertainty: Predicting Vulnerability of Canada's First Nations to Pandemic H1N1/09
Authors: Spence Nicholas , White Jerry P.
Published: August 2015

On June 11, 2009, the Director General of the World Health Organization, Dr. Margaret Chan, announced that the scientific evidence indicated that the criteria for an influenza pandemic had been met: pandemic H1N1/09 virus, the first in nearly 40 years, was officially upon us. The World Health Organization has estimated that as many as 2 billion or between 15 and 45 percent of the population globally will be infected by the H1N1/09 virus. Scientists and governments have been careful to walk a line between causing mass public fear and ensuring people take the risks seriously. The latest information indicates that the majority of individuals infected with the H1N1/09 virus thus far have suffered mild illness, although very severe and fatal illness have been observed in a small number of cases, even in young and healthy people (World Health Organization 2009c). There is no evidence to date that the virus has mutated to a more virulent or lethal form; however, as we enter the second wave of the pandemic, a significant number of people in countries across the world are susceptible to infection. Most importantly, certain subgroups have been categorized as high risk given the clinical evidence to date. One of these subgroups is Indigenous populations (World Health Organization 2009c).
Indigenous Peoples and Climate Change
Authors: Davis Shelton H.
Published: August 2015

There has been a growing attention on the need to take into account the effects of global climate change. This is particularly so with respect to the increasing amount of green house gas emissions from the Untied States and Europe affecting poor peoples, especially those in developing countries. In 2003, for example, the experts of several international development agencies, including the World Bank, prepared a special report titled “Poverty and Climate Change: Reducing the Vulnerability of the Poor through Adaptation” (OECD 2003). This report followed the Eighth Session of the Conference of Parties (COP8) to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) in New Delhi, India in October 2002. It showed that poverty reduction is not only one of the major challenges of the 21st century, but also that climate change is taking place in many developing countries and is increasingly affecting, in a negative fashion, both the economic conditions and the health of poor people and their communities.
Policy Writing as Dialogue: Drafting an Aboriginal Chapter for Canada's Tri-Council Policy Statement: Ethical Conduct for Research Involving Humans
Authors: Brant Castellano Marlene , Reading Jeff
Published: August 2015

Writing policy that applies to First Nations, Inuit and Métis peoples in Canada has become more interactive as communities and their representative organizations press for practical recognition of an Aboriginal right of self-determination. When the policy in development is aimed at supporting “respect for human dignity” as it is in the case of ethics of research involving humans, the necessity of engaging the affected population becomes central to the undertaking.
Gender Gaps in Indigenous Socioeconomic Outcomes: Australian Regional Comparisons and International Possibilities
Authors: Yap Mandy , Biddle Nicholas
Published: August 2015

International literature clearly demonstrates the potential for gender-based inequalities to constrain development processes. In the United Nations Development Programme Gender-related Development Index, Australia ranks in the top five across 177 countries, suggesting that the loss of human development due to gender inequality is minor. However, such analysis has not been systematically applied to the Indigenous Australian population, at least in a quantitative sense. Using the 2006 Australian Census, this paper provides an analysis across three dimensions of socioeconomic disparity: Indigeneity, gender, and geography. This paper also explores the development of a similar gender-related index as a tool to enable a relative ranking of the performance of Indigenous males and females at the regional level across a set of socioeconomic outcomes. The initial findings suggest that although there is a substantial development gap between Indigenous and non-Indigenous Australians, the development loss from gender-related inequality for Indigenous Australians is relatively small. Higher life expectancy and education attainment for Indigenous females balances out their slightly lower earnings to a large extent. At the regional level, Indigenous females tend to fare better than Indigenous males for the set of indicators chosen; and, this is particularly true in capital cities.
Introductory Essay: An Rx for Indigenous Health Inequality: The Social Determinants of Health
Authors: Spence Nicholas
Published: August 2015

It is with great pleasure that I am able to serve as the first Special Guest Editor (health) of the Inter-national Indigenous Policy Journal. This special edition is a compilation of some of the best research con-ducted on Indigenous populations. Moving beyond the disturbing trends so many of us are already well aware of, this body of research provides new theoretical, policy, and practical approaches for researchers, decision makers, and communities seeking to improve health outcomes for Indigenous populations.
The Social Distribution of Distress and Well-Being in the Canadian Aboriginal Population Living Off Reserve
Authors: Wingert Susan
Published: August 2015

This article examines how the social structure distributes risk and protective factors and mental health outcomes within the off reserve Aboriginal population in Canada. It uses the stress process model, a prominent model in the sociology of mental health, to explore pathways between social status, stress, coping resources, and mental health outcomes. Path analyses are used to decompose total effects on distress and well-being into direct and indirect or mediating pathways. The results suggest that stress, mastery, and social support are important mediators between social status and mental health outcomes. Stress appears to be a stronger contributor to distress while mastery and social support are of higher relative importance to well-being.
Foraging ecology of black bears in urban environments: guidance for human‐bear conflict mitigation
Authors: Lewis D. L. , Baruch-Mordo S. , Wilson K. R. , Breck S. W. , Mao J. S. , Broderick J.
Published: August 2015

Urban environments offer wildlife novel anthropogenic resources that vary spatiotemporally at fine scales. Property damage, economic losses, human injury, or other human‐wildlife conflicts can occur when wildlife use these resources; however, few studies have examined urban wildlife resource selection at fine scales to guide conflict mitigation. We studied black bears (Ursus americanus) in the urban area of Aspen, Colorado, USA from 2007 to 2010 to quantify bear foraging on natural and anthropogenic resources and to model factors associated with anthropogenic feeding events. We collected fine‐scale spatiotemporal data by tracking GPS‐collared bears at 30‐min intervals and backtracked to bear locations within 24 hours of use. We used discrete choice models to assess bears' resource selection, modeling anthropogenic feeding (use) and five associated random (availability) locations as a function of attributes related to temporally changing natural (e.g., ripe mast) and human (e.g., garbage) food resources, urban characteristics (e.g., housing density), and land cover characteristics (e.g., distance to riparian area). We backtracked to 2,675 locations used by 24 bears and classified 20% as foraging locations. We found that bears foraged on both natural and anthropogenic food sources in the urban environment, with 77% of feeding events being anthropogenic. We documented inter‐ and intra‐annual foraging patterns in which bears foraged extensively in urban areas when natural food production was poor, then switched to natural food sources when available. These patterns suggest that bears balance energy budgets and individual safety when making foraging decisions. Overwhelmingly, garbage was the main anthropogenic food source that bears used. Selection of foraging sites was not only influenced by presence of garbage but also by proximity to riparian habitat and presence of ripe anthropogenic fruit trees. We found that while 76% of the garbage containers at random locations were bear‐resistant, 57% of these bear‐resistant containers were not properly secured. We recommend conflict mitigation focus on reducing available garbage and anthropogenic fruit trees, particularly near riparian areas, to make urban environments less energetically beneficial for foraging. Additionally, deploying bear‐resistant containers is inadequate without education and proactive enforcement to change human behavior to properly secure garbage and ultimately reduce human‐bear conflict.
Beyond species richness: an empirical test of top predators as surrogates for functional diversity and endemism
Authors: Ibarra José Tomás , Martin Kathy
Published: August 2015

Using surrogate species to monitor the status of target biodiversity in areas undergoing exceptional habitat loss requires extending the traditional assessment of surrogates for taxonomic diversity to validating surrogates for functional diversity. This validation will be critical to inform about broader ecosystem processes and stability. We compared the surrogacy reliability of the habitat‐specialist Rufous‐legged Owl (Strix rufipes) and the habitat‐generalist Austral Pygmy‐Owl (Glaucidium nana), and we examined potential underlying mechanisms for surrogacy relationships in Andean temperate forests, a global biodiversity hotspot in southern Chile. During 2011–2013, we conducted 1,145 owl surveys, 505 vegetation surveys, and 505 avian point‐transect surveys across 101 sites comprising a range of conditions from degraded forest habitat to structurally complex old‐growth forest stands. The habitat‐specialistS. rufipeswas a reliable surrogate for all avian biodiversity measures, including avian endemism and functional diversity measures (degree of community specialization and density of large‐tree users, understory users, and cavity‐nesters). On the contrary, the habitat‐generalistG. nanadid not function as a surrogate. With increasing occurrence ofS. rufipes, the density of target specialized biodiversity (species, guilds, and communities) increased nonlinearly and peaked at the least degraded sites. This specialist aggregation might be driven by stand structural complexity available in older, more stable, forests. These results suggest that management actions tailored to promote occurrence of habitat‐specialist owls, such as theS. rufipes, may result in enhanced density of endemic species, specialized communities, and likely ecosystem stability.
Systematic Review of Soft Tissue Alterations and Esthetic Outcomes Following Immediate Implant Placement and Restoration of Single Implants in the Anterior Maxilla
Authors: Khzam Nabil , Arora Himanshu , Kim Paul , Fisher Anthony , Mattheos Nikos , Ivanovski Saso
Published: August 2015

Background: The aim of this review is to assess the outcome of single‐tooth immediate implant placement and restoration (IPR) in the maxillary anterior region, with a particular emphasis on soft tissue and esthetic outcomes.

Methods: An electronic search in Medline, EBSCOhost, and Ovid (PubMed) was performed to identify studies that reported on soft tissue outcomes following immediate placement and restoration of implants in the maxillary esthetic region with a mean follow‐up of ≥1 year.

Results: Nineteen studies on single implants inserted immediately into fresh extraction sockets and provisionally restored in the maxillary esthetic region were included. Soft tissue changes were found to be acceptable, with most studies reporting mean gingival recession of 0.27 ± 0.38 mm and mean papillary height loss of 0.23 ± 0.27 mm after follow‐up of ≥1 year. Advanced buccal recession (>1 mm) occurred in 11% of cases. Long‐term follow‐up studies (>2 years) reported that the interdental papillae, in particular, showed a tendency to rebound over time. The few studies that reported on patient‐centered outcomes showed a high level of patient satisfaction with the outcomes of IPR treatment.

Conclusions: The IPR protocol resulted in generally acceptable soft tissue and esthetic outcomes, with suboptimal results reported in ≈11% of low‐risk cases. Factors such as preoperative tissue biotype or use of a flap or connective tissue graft did not significantly influence soft tissue and esthetic outcomes. Long‐term prospective controlled clinical trials are necessary to identify factors that may influence the esthetic outcomes associated with IPR.
Salivary Lipid Peroxidation in Patients With Generalized Chronic Periodontitis and Acute Coronary Syndrome
Authors: Nguyen Thuy T. , Ngo Lan Q. , Promsudthi Ananya , Surarit Rudee
Published: August 2015

Background: Lipid peroxidation is a major consequence of oxidative stress and can be evaluated via malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. The present study aims to assess MDA levels in the saliva of patients with chronic periodontitis (CP) and acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and establish their correlation with periodontal clinical parameters, serum high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein (hsCRP), and plasma fibrinogen.

Methods: The study enrolled 64 patients stratified into four age‐ and sex‐matched groups: both ACS and CP, ACS only, CP only, and healthy controls. All patients were examined, periodontal clinical parameters were recorded, and saliva and blood samples were collected. Salivary MDA levels were measured using a spectrophotometric assay. A quantitative turbidimetric test was used for the measurement of serum hsCRP levels, and plasma fibrinogen levels were determined using an automated analyzer.

Results: Salivary MDA levels were significantly higher in patients with both ACS and CP than in those with only ACS or only CP and healthy controls (P <0.05). There were significant positive correlations between salivary MDA levels and periodontal clinical parameters as well as biomarkers for cardiovascular events (P <0.001).

Conclusions: To our knowledge, this study is the first to investigate salivary MDA levels in patients with ACS and their correlations with serum hsCRP and plasma fibrinogen levels. The results indicate that salivary MDA levels could be a biomarker for cardiovascular and/or periodontal disease.
Effects of Employees' Social Comparison Behaviors on Distributive Justice Perception and Job Satisfaction
Authors: Shin Jiseon , Sohn Young Woo
Published: August 2015

We explored the effects of direction and frequency of social comparison on employees' work attitudes. Full-time employees (N = 403) of 23 different organizations from various industries completed a paper-and-pencil survey. We found that people with a low core self-evaluation
and a high performance approach tended to engage in social comparison frequently in both work-related and work-unrelated dimensions, and that these people generally reported lower levels of job satisfaction being mediated by distributive justice than other people did. Further, the relationship
between comparison frequency and work attitude was moderated by comparison direction. Our study contributes to the social comparison literature by revealing the interplay between comparison frequency and direction, which influences employees' work attitudes.
Employees' Psychological Ownership and Self-Efficacy as Mediators Between Performance Appraisal Purpose and Proactive Behavior
Authors: Qiu Min , Hu Bei , Xu Zhang , Li Yucai
Published: August 2015

We analyzed the impact of performance appraisal purpose on employees' proactive behavior, and explored the roles of psychological ownership and self-efficacy as mediators in this relationship. We conducted a survey with 512 employees of enterprises in 4 cities in China. The results
of analysis of the data collected showed that an evaluative performance appraisal had a negative influence on the employees' proactive behavior whereas a developmental performance appraisal had a positive influence. Psychological ownership and self-efficacy were found to have an intermediary
role between performance appraisal purpose and the employees' proactive behavior. Self-efficacy had a significant positive effect on psychological ownership. Implications of these results for theory and management practice are discussed.
Changes in Sympathetic Tone During Cooperative Game Play
Authors: Noah J. Adam , Ono Yumie , Shimada Sotaro , Tachibana Atsumichi , Bronner Shaw
Published: August 2015

We investigated the relationship between stress (specifically, sympathetic tone) and effective and efficient cooperation between partners using a cooperative version of a Tetris game as a model of limited resources in a shared environment. Participants were recruited from 2 distinct
sociocultural orientations: individualism (Americans) and collectivism (Japanese). We compared the frequency domain of heart rate variability (HRV) and average scores on the short form of the Positive and Negative Affect Scale (I-PANAS-SF) for individuals and dyad partners. Japanese players
cooperated more effectively and their scores on the positive subscale of the I-PANAS-SF for both self and partner were higher than those of American players. However, Japanese participants experienced more stress, as indicated by an increased low-to-high HRV frequency ratio. Our results suggest
that sociocultural orientation affects the motivation to promote prosocial interactions that result in efficiency and effectiveness of cooperation.
The Impact of Family Functioning and Mental Health Condition on the Child's Behavioral Problems
Authors: Wang Qian , Zhou Ting
Published: August 2015

We examined correlates of mental health conditions among family members and explored the effects of mothers' and fathers' mental health and family functioning on their child's behavioral problems. Participants were 119 couples in China, of whom the majority were parents in 1-child families.
These parents reported their own anxiety and depression symptoms, behavioral problems of their child, and perceived family functioning. Results indicated that the mental health condition of the father, mother, and child were closely correlated, and that parental mental health was positively
correlated with family functioning. Further, the couples had relatively high consistency in their ratings of family functioning and the child's behavioral problems, with rating discrepancies being positively correlated with mental health conditions. Finally, paternal mental health made a unique
contribution to prediction of the child's behavioral problems when father-reported data were used, but this effect was not significant when the mother-reported data were applied.
Effects of Flow and Self-Construal on Player Perception of Brand Personality in Advergames
Authors: Wang Ling , Lee Chia-Wen , Mantz Timothy , Hung Huang-Chia
Published: August 2015

We explored the effect of racing advergames on player perception of brand personality and investigated the roles of flow and self-construal in this effect. Participants were 202 male students at colleges in the United States and Taiwan, and they completed pretest and posttest scales
relating to their feeling and attitude toward brands before and after playing the racing advergame. The results showed that, when playing advergames, flow and self-construal interacted to influence perception of brand personality. Gamers experiencing high flow during the game provided positive
feedback on brand personality, whereas gamers experiencing low flow provided negative feedback. Gamers with an interdependent self-construal reported higher scores for evaluation of brand personality after playing advergames than did gamers with an independent self-construal.
Roles of Creative Process Engagement and Leader–Member Exchange in Critical Thinking and Employee Creativity
Authors: Jiang Jing , Yang Baiyin
Published: August 2015

We examined the contingent value of individuals' critical thinking on their creativity at work by focusing on the generation of, process of, and solutions found, in developing novel and useful ideas. To extend previous research emphasizing individual characteristics, such as personality
traits, we focused on the value of individuals' critical thinking and its impact on creativity. In the pretest, 442 employees completed a critical thinking questionnaire and then, in a field study, 211 dyads of managers and their subordinates completed the validated questionnaire. Results
revealed a positive relationship between critical thinking and employee creativity, and creative process engagement completely mediated this relationship. Further, leader–member exchange was found to weaken the relationship between critical thinking and creative process engagement. Implications
of the study for practice are discussed.
Using Rubrics to Assess Accounting Learning Goal Achievement
Authors: Schaefer Thomas F. , Stevens Jennifer Sustersic
Published: August 2015

This paper illustrates the development and use of rubrics to improve the learning assessment process and enhance the teaching-learning relationship. We highlight the multidimensional benefits of rubrics as valuable tools for student assessment (grading), course assessment (at the instructor level), and program assessment (at the administrator/curriculum committee/accreditation level). Moreover, rubrics may improve qualitative feedback on learning to students and instructors. Development of effective rubrics is framed in terms of learning goals, measurable learning outcomes, choice of assessment vehicle/assignment, and use of data collected from rubrics for feedback and/or improvement. The paper then offers an example set of rubrics designed to assess student achievement of three learning goals common to many undergraduate accounting programs: accounting measurement, research, and critical thinking. This paper may prove useful for instructors looking to use rubrics to improve the teaching-learning process and concurrently evaluate learning goal achievement for course or program assessment. As an auxiliary benefit, the use of scoring rubrics may simplify grading, as well as data collection in documenting assurance of learning for accreditation purposes.
Patient satisfaction after orthodontic treatment combined with orthognathic surgery: A systematic review
Authors: Pachêco-Pereira Camila , Abreu Lucas G. , Dick Bruce D. , De Luca Canto Graziela , Paiva Saul M. , Flores-Mir Carlos
Published: August 2015

Objective: 

To synthesize available evidence about factors associated with patients’ satisfaction after orthodontic treatment combined with orthognathic surgery.

Materials and Methods: 

Studies that evaluated any factor associated with patients’ satisfaction after the conclusion of an orthodontic treatment combined with an orthognathic surgery were identified. Orthognathic surgical procedures should have been undertaken after completion of craniofacial growth. Any satisfaction psychometric tool was considered. No language limitation was set. A detailed individual search strategy for each of the following bibliographic databases was crafted: MEDLINE, PubMed, EBM Reviews, Web of Science, EMBASE, LILACS, and Scopus. The references cited in the identified articles were also cross-checked, and a partial gray-literature search was undertaken using Google Scholar.

Results: 

Eight articles satisfied the inclusion criteria of this systematic review and accounted for 998 patients. The included studies showed large variation in sample size (range  =  44 to 505 patients), age (range  =  15 to 72 years old), distinct psychological evaluation tools, and time elapsed between the assessment and the completion of surgery and postorthodontic treatment. Most of the studies (five of eight) were classified as having high risk of bias.

Conclusion: 

Factors associated with satisfaction were final esthetic outcome, perceived social benefits from the outcome, type of orthognathic surgery, sex, and changes in patient self-concept during treatment. Factors associated with dissatisfaction were treatment length; sensation of functional impairment and/or dysfunction after surgery, and perceived omitted information about surgical risks.