bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
New Paradigm in Mapping: A Critique on Cartography and GIS
Authors: Jiang Bin
Published: January 2019

As noted in the introductory quotation, an ideal map was long ago seen as the map of the map, the map of the map, of the map, and so on endlessly. This recursive perspective on maps, however, has received little attention in cartography. Cartography, as a scientific discipline, is essentially founded on Euclidean geometry and Gaussian statistics, which deal with respectively regular shapes, and more or less similar things. It is commonly accepted that geographic features – such as rivers, cities, streets and building – are not regular and that the Earth’s surface is full of fractal or scaling or living phenomena with far more small things than large ones at different levels of scale. This paper argues for a new paradigm in mapping, based on fractal or living geometry and Paretian statistics, and – more critically – on the new conception of space, conceived and developed by Christopher Alexander, that space is neither lifeless nor neutral, but a living structure capable of being more living or less living. The fractal geometry is not limited to Benoit Mandelbrot’s framework, but is extended towards Christopher Alexander’s living geometry and based upon the third definition of fractal: A set or pattern is fractal if the scaling of far more small things than large ones recurs multiple times. Paretian statistics deals with far more small things than large ones, so it differs fundamentally from Gaussian statistics, which deals with more or less similar things. Under the new paradigm, I make several claims about maps and mapping: (1) Topology of geometrically coherent things – in addition to that of geometric primitives – enables us to see a scaling or fractal or living structure; (2) Under the third definition, all geographic features are fractal or living, given the right perspective and scope; (3) Exactitude is not truth – to paraphrase Henri Matisse – but the living structure is; and (4) Töpfer’s law is not universal, but scaling law is. All these assertions are supported by evidence, drawn from a series of previous studies. This paper demands a monumental shift in perspective and thinking from what we are used to on the legacy of cartography and GIS.
Trajectories of Tobacco and Nicotine Use Across Young Adulthood, Texas, 2014–2017
Authors: Loukas Alexandra , Marti C. Nathan , Perry Cheryl L.
Published: January 2019

Objectives. To examine intraindividual change in polytobacco and individual tobacco and nicotine product use across young adulthood.

Method. Participants were 2711 students from 24 Texas colleges participating in a 6-wave online study, with 6 months between each wave. Participants were aged 18 to 25 years at baseline in fall 2014 or spring 2015 and aged 20 to 28 years at wave 6. We used growth curve modeling for an accelerated longitudinal design to examine change from ages 18 to 28 years in polytobacco use (use of 2 or more products) and in use of 5 individual products (cigarettes, smokeless tobacco or snus, large cigars, cigarillos, or little cigars, hookah, and electronic nicotine delivery systems [ENDS]).

Results. There was a statistically significant decline in polytobacco use from ages 18 to 28 years. There were also statistically significant declines in ENDS, hookah, and cigar use but not in smokeless tobacco use, for which use was negligible, or in cigarette use. Importantly, cigarettes were the most used product at virtually all ages.

Conclusions. Young adults may mature out of polytobacco use with increasing age, but they may continue to use some products, most notably cigarettes, potentially the most toxic and addictive tobacco and nicotine product.
Impact of Medicaid Restrictions on Availability of Buprenorphine in Addiction Treatment Programs
Authors: Andrews Christina M. , Abraham Amanda J. , Grogan Colleen M. , Westlake Melissa A. , Pollack Harold A. , Friedmann Peter D.
Published: January 2019

Objectives. To examine how utilization restrictions on state Medicaid benefits for buprenorphine are related to addiction treatment programs’ decision to offer the drug.

Methods. We used data from 2 waves of the National Drug Abuse Treatment System Survey conducted in 2014 and 2017 in the United States to assess the relationship of utilization restrictions to buprenorphine availability.

Results. The proportion of programs offering buprenorphine was 43.2% in states that did not impose any utilization restrictions, 25.5% in states that imposed only annual limits, 17.3% in states that imposed only prior authorization, and 12.8% in states that imposed both. Programs in states requiring prior authorization from Medicaid had substantially lower odds of offering buprenorphine (odds ratio = 0.50; 95% confidence interval = 0.29, 0.87).

Conclusions. Medicaid prior authorization was linked to lower odds of buprenorphine provision among addiction treatment programs.

Public Health Implications. State Medicaid prior authorization requirements are linked to reduced odds of buprenorphine provision among addiction treatment programs and may discourage prescribing.
Curb Heroin In Plants (C.H.I.P.): Revisiting a Mid-1970s Intervention Into Workplace Heroin Addiction Created and Led by Detroit Autoworkers
Authors: Milloy Jeremy
Published: January 2019

This article analyzes archival records to revisit Curb Heroin In Plants (C.H.I.P.), a public health intervention focusing on drug dependence that was created and led by Detroit, Michigan, autoworkers during the mid-1970s.

Responding to widespread heroin use in Detroit auto plants, C.H.I.P. combined methadone maintenance with counseling on and off the job to treat heroin dependence while supporting autoworkers in continuing in employment and family life. Although C.H.I.P. ultimately failed, it was a promising attempt to transcend medical/punitive approaches and treat those with substance use disorder in a nonstigmatizing way, with attention to the workplace dimensions of their disorder and recovery.

I argue that revisiting C.H.I.P. speaks to current public health debates about the intersection between the workplace and harmful drug use and how to create effective interventions and policies that are mindful of this intersection. For historians, C.H.I.P. is a valuable example of the crucial role of workplace actors in the early war on drugs and of an early methadone program that was not strongly concerned with crime reduction but incorporated social externalities (specifically job performance) to measure success.
The Rates and Medical Necessity of Cesarean Delivery in the Era of the Two-Child Policy in Hubei and Gansu Provinces, China
Authors: Liao Zijun , Zhou Yubo , Li Hongtian , Wang Cheng , Chen Dunjin , Liu Jianmeng
Published: January 2019

Objectives. To describe the cesarean rates in different child policy periods and assess the medical necessity of cesareans during the 2-child policy period.

Methods. We collected hospital-level aggregate data on 93 745 deliveries and individual-level data on 27 977 deliveries from 6 hospitals in the Hubei and Gansu provinces of China from 2013 to 2016. Experts in gynecology and obstetrics assessed the medical necessity of 1024 randomly selected cesareans in 2016.

Results. The overall cesarean rate decreased significantly from 45.1% in the 1-child policy period (January 2013–September 2014) to 40.4% in the selective 2-child policy period (October 2014–July 2016) and further to 38.9% in the universal 2-child policy period (August 2016–December 2016). The rate of cesarean delivery on maternal request decreased by 46.3%, whereas the rate of cesarean delivery indicated by a previous cesarean delivery increased by 118.8% (P < .001). The experts assessed 222 (21.6%) cesareans as lacking medical necessity.

Conclusions. The overall cesarean rate in Hubei and Gansu provinces decreased after the implementation of the 2-child policy, and one fifth of cesareans might be nonessential.
Faithful Families, Thriving Communities: Bridging Faith and Health Through a State-Level Partnership
Authors: Hardison-Moody Annie , Yao Julia
Published: January 2019

Faith communities are increasingly being recognized as important leaders in community health work, both in the United States and globally. However, faith communities are also often working at or beyond capacity in terms of meeting the social, emotional, and health needs of the communities they serve.

To bridge these gaps and build on the significant assets that faith communities possess, the Faithful Families Thriving Communities program was created in 2007 as a partnership between the North Carolina Division of Public Health and North Carolina State University. Based on the social-ecological model, Faithful Families trains and empowers lay leaders from the faith community to coteach and partner with health educators from Cooperative Extension or public health as they support individual members and the faith community at large to adopt changes that can address inequities in their communities related to access to healthy foods and places to be active.

This essay highlights the formation and development of this partnership, outlining challenges and best practices for this kind of “bridging” between public health and communities of faith, particularly related to state-level programmatic support and collaboration.
Faith and Global Health Practice in Ebola and HIV Emergencies
Authors: Blevins John B. , Jalloh Mohamed F. , Robinson David A.
Published: January 2019

We examined the relationship between religion and health by highlighting the influences of religion on the response to the 2014 to 2016 Ebola outbreak and the global HIV epidemic.

We recounted the influences of religion on burial practices developed as an infection control measure during the Ebola outbreak in West Africa. We also explored the influence of religion on community outreach and health education. We examined faith-based responses to the global HIV/AIDS pandemic, noting that religion conflicted with public health responses to HIV (e.g., justification for HIV-related stigma) or aligned with public health as a force for improved HIV responses (e.g., providing HIV services or providing social capital and cohesion to support advocacy efforts). We further discussed the similarities and differences between the influence of religion during the HIV/AIDS pandemic and the 2014 to 2016 Ebola outbreak.

We then described lessons learned from Ebola and HIV/AIDS to better inform collaboration with religious actors.
Routine Assessment of Health Impacts of Local Transportation Plans: A Case Study From the City of Los Angeles
Authors: Nicholas Will , Vidyanti Irene , Caesar Emily , Maizlish Neil
Published: January 2019

Objectives. To determine the health impacts of three future scenarios of travel behavior by mode for the City of Los Angeles, California, and to provide specific recommendations for how to conduct health impact assessments of local transportation plans on a more routine basis.

Methods. We used the Integrated Transportation and Health Impact Model to assess the health impacts of the Los Angeles Mobility Plan 2035 by using environmental impact report data on miles traveled by mode under alternative implementation scenarios as inputs. The Integrated Transportation and Health Impact Model links region-wide changes in travel behavior to population exposures to physical activity, air pollution, and traffic collisions and associated health outcomes and costs.

Results. The largest impacts were on cardiovascular disease through increases in physical activity. Reductions in air pollution–related illnesses were more modest. Traffic injuries and deaths increased across all scenarios but were greatly reduced through targeted roadway safety enhancements accounted for outside the model.

Conclusions. By establishing miles travelled as the metric for transportation impacts of statewide and regional plans, states can leverage existing data sources to more routinely consider health impacts as part of environmental impact reports. While not insurmountable, challenges remain regarding the incorporation of land use and roadway safety strategies into health impact estimates.
Evaluación de la dependencia física y psicológica al tabaco en fumadores mexicanos adultos, Encodat 2016
Authors: Paz-Ballesteros Wayra Citlali , Zavala-Arciniega Luis , Gutiérrez-Torres Daniela Sarahí , Ponciano-Rodríguez Guadalupe , Reynales-Shigematsu Luz Myriam
Published: January 2019

Objetivo. Evaluar la dependencia física y psicológica de los fumadores mexicanos y su asociación con factores físicos, psicológicos y sociales. Material y métodos. A partir de la Encuesta Nacional de Consumo de Drogas, Alcohol y Tabaco 2016 (n=7 331), se analizó la escala de dependencia física a la nicotina de Fagerström (FTND) y la escala corta de depen­dencia psicológica al tabaco (TAPDSc). Se realizaron análisis bivariados y regresiones logísticas ordinales generalizadas para evaluar los factores asociados. Resultados. 82.3% de fumadores diarios y 98.8% de ocasionales reportaron dependencia física leve, mientras que 47.9 y 37.9%, respec­tivamente, presentaron dependencia psicológica moderada. La edad de inicio temprana de consumo de tabaco, uso de drogas, consumo alto de alcohol y malestar emocional se asociaron con niveles altos de dependencia psicológica en todos los fumadores. Conclusión. El uso exclusivo de FNTD no permite evaluar adecuadamente a los fumadores mexicanos. La dependencia física y psicológica al tabaco debe ser diagnosticada con escalas independientes y validadas en esta población.
Comments: A Year of Uncertainty
Authors: Donnelly John
Published: January 2019

Editor's column

Late December/early January is the time of year when industry outlooks are announced, revealing company spending plans, oil price predictions, and potential stumbling blocks. The steep drop in prices in the fourth quarter of 2018 made these outlooks particularly challenging, and most are laced with cautious optimism about the year ahead. But common themes emerge: the industry is still in cost-containment recovery mode; the march toward digitalization is in full swing; and shale output from the US will only increase as pipeline bottlenecks began to ease with new construction.

This past year was one of recovery, as the downturn that began with the price crash in 2014 appeared to be over, although that view is not unanimous. Capital expenditures rose last year because of higher oil prices but spending was cautious, and that caution was validated when both Brent and WTI prices fell about $30/bbl during the fourth quarter. A price rally in January began to ease concerns that the industry was in another free fall.

Oil and gas spending growth rose 4% in 2017 and 5% in 2018, according to the International Energy Agency (IEA), after dropping 60% during 2014–16. The US shale sector contributed largely to that growth, as spending on unconventionals outstripped interest in conventional oil and offshore. Majors increased their visibility in unconventionals in plays such as the Permian Basin. Shale remains a bright spot, and will allow the US to likely remain the world’s largest producer of liquids and gas.

Global oil inventories have come down significantly since the downturn, even with the increase in US production. But major uncertainties exist, making this year “even more hazardous than usual” to forecast trends in 2019, an IEA spokesman was quoted as saying. That uncertainty is reflected in a recent survey of more than 30 oil analysts, who predicted that Brent prices would end the year anywhere from $30/bbl to $78/bbl.

Deloitte’s 2019 industry outlook states that “opportunities from digital technologies are becoming increasingly apparent and have the potential to unlock new value.” As featured in JPT over the past year in particular, more companies are employing or experimenting with artificial intelligence, automation, machine learning, robotics, and blockchain, often attracting nontraditional vendors and startups. 

The offshore sector has yet to recover. US Gulf of Mexico (GOM) production rose last year but drilling activity did not, and the rig count ended the year at an 81% utilization rate. There were 36 active deepwater GOM sites at the end of the year, compared with 49 in early 2017, according to the US Bureau of Safety and Environmental Enforcement. Norway’s upstream regulator is not optimistic about spending there. Oil and gas production will fall 4.7% this year to 1.42 million B/D after a 6% drop last year, according to an annual report by the Norwegian Petroleum Directorate. Mexico’s offshore may be a bright spot, but the industry is still looking for signals from the new government that it is friendly toward private sector E&P.
Automated Operations and Wired Drillpipe Benefit Arctic Drilling
Authors: Wilson Adam
Published: January 2019

This article, written by Special Publications Editor Adam Wilson, contains highlights of paper SPE 191574, “Delivering Drilling Automation II: Novel Automation Platform and Wired Drillpipe Deployed on Arctic Drilling Operations,” by Riaz Israel, Doug McCrae, Nathan Sperry, Brad Gorham, Jacob Thompson, and Kyle Raese, BP, and Steven Pink and Andrew Coit, SPE, NOV, prepared for the 2018 SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition, Dallas, 24–26 September. The paper has not been peer reviewed.

This paper presents a case history of drilling automation system pilot deployment, including the use of wired drillpipe, on an Arctic drilling operation. Two major aspects of technology were introduced during this pilot, the first being a drilling automation software platform that allowed secure access to the rig’s drilling control system. The second component was a wired drillstring, which provides high-speed delivery of downhole data from a series of distributed downhole sensors.

Introduction

In an effort to enhance the safety of its operations, improve well construction efficiency, and leverage the potential opportunities presented by digitalization of drilling, the operator has initiated a Remote Operations and Intelligent Automation Project. The project involved the deployment of an automation operating system (AOS) on top of an existing drilling control system. The AOS provides the ability for secure, programmatic control of the rig’s major drilling hardware through the use of software. The software interface allows for custom configuration of several routine drilling activities for automated execution.

The project also evaluated the latest version of the service company’s wired drillpipe (WDP). At the time of writing, the project has delivered eight wells, with various combinations of the technology implemented.

The overall objectives of the project were to evaluate

The readiness of the AOS for wider deployment

The reliability of the latest version of WDP

The maturity of the AOS drilling applications

The effectiveness of this technology in reducing well costs

For each well, key performance indicators (KPIs) were defined that aligned with the project-level KPIs and are dependent on the specific aspect of the technology being used on that well.

Field Description

The giant Prudhoe Bay field, on the North Slope of Alaska on the edge of the Arctic Circle, was discovered in 1968 with an initial estimate of 22 billion to 25 billion bbl of oil in place and has been in production since June 1977. Since the field began production, it has generated more than 12.5 billion bbl of oil, making it the most productive US oil field. The field has been a proving ground for advanced drilling techniques, including multilateral and coiled tubing, now used in oil fields around the globe. Production from Prudhoe Bay is supported by ongoing drilling activity.

Technology Description

An overview of the automation technology is presented in Fig. 1.
Big-Data Analytics for Production-Data Classification Using Feature Detection: Application to Restimulation-Candidate Selection
Authors: Udegbe Egbadon , Morgan Eugene , Srinivasan Sanjay
Published: January 2019

In recent years, there has been a proliferation of massive subsurface data sets from sources such as instrumented wells. This places significant challenges on traditional production-data-analysis methods for extracting useful information in support of reservoir management and decision making. In addition, with increased exploration interest in unconventional-shale-gas reservoirs, there is a heightened need for improved techniques and technologies to enhance the understanding of induced- and natural-fracture characteristics in the subsurface, as well as their associated effects on fluid flow and well performance.

These challenges have the potential to be addressed by developing big-data-analytics tools that focus on uncovering masked trends related to fracture properties from large volumes of subsurface data through the application of pattern-recognition techniques. We present a new framework for fast and robust production-data classification, which is adapted from a real-time face-detection algorithm. This is achieved by generalizing production data as vectorized 1D images with pixel values proportional to rate magnitudes. Using simulated shale-gas-production data, we train a cascade of boosted binary classification models that are capable of providing probabilistic predictions. We demonstrate the viability of this approach for identifying hydraulically fractured wells that have the potential to benefit from restimulation treatment. The results show significant improvements over existing type-curve-based approaches for recognizing favorable-candidate wells, using only gas-rate profiles.
Plant Growth Regulator and Irrigation Effects on Physiological and Harvest Maturity of Red Clover in Relation to Seed Quality
Authors: Angsumalee Duangporn , Elias Sabry G. , Anderson Nicole P. , Chastain Thomas G. , Garbacik Carol J.
Published: January 2019

Core Ideas

Trinexapac‐ethyl, a plant growth regulator, does not affect the quality of red clover seeds if applied at a rate of up to 700 g a.i. ha–1. Seeds reach maximum quality at harvest maturity, when seed moisture content is approximately 140 g kg–1.

Visual indicators of physiological maturity of red clover include flower heads contain light brown petals and brownish‐green sepals, whereas seeds are pale green to pale yellow. At harvest maturity, heads contain dark brown petals and sepals, whereas seeds range from yellow to yellow‐dark grayish purple.

A single irrigation application of water at the first flowering stage increased yield by approximately 9% in a 2‐yr study.

Application of trinexapac‐ethyl at a rate of 560 g a.i. haw in the stem elongation stage increased seed yield by 16% in 1 of a 2‐yr study.

Seed moisture content at physiological maturity of red clover ranges from 340 to 540 gkg–1 and approximately 140 g kg–1 at harvest maturity.

Plant growth regulators (PGRs) and irrigation affect seed yield of red clover (Trifolium pretense L.). However, the effects of these factors on physiological maturity (PM), harvest maturity (HM), and seed quality are unknown. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to determine the effects of trinexapac‐ethyl (TE) PGR and irrigation on PM, HM, and seed viability and vigor on the most common red clover variety in Oregon over 2 yr. Five TE rates, ranging from 0 to 700 g a.i. ha−1, were applied at stem elongation and bud emergence stages. Irrigation was applied at the first flowering stage. Physiological and visual indicators were recorded to determine PM and HM. Standard germination (SG), tetrazolium (TZ) and cold (CT) tests were conducted to evaluate seed quality at weekly intervals starting from seed formation until HM. Irrigation resulted in a 4‐d delay in PM compared to the non‐irrigated treatment, but TE applications did not affect timing of seed maturation. At PM, flower heads contained light brown petals and brownish‐green sepals, whereas seeds were pale green to pale yellow. At HM, heads contained dark brown petals and sepals, whereas seeds ranged from yellow to yellow‐dark grayish purple. Seed dry weight did not change from PM to HM. Seed moisture content at PM ranged from 340 to 540 g kg−1 and decreased to below 140 g kg−1 at HM. At HM, seeds reached maximum quality as viability ranged from 92 to 98% by TZ and SG, and vigor ranged from 90 to 94% by CT.
The Origins, Implications, and Consequences of Yield‐Based Nitrogen Fertilizer Management
Authors: Rodriguez Divina Gracia P. , Bullock David S. , Boerngen Maria A.
Published: January 2019

Core Ideas

We evaluate an old and widely accepted yield‐based N fertilizer management algorithm.

The algorithm, in itself, was a “ballpark” recommendation that served an important public function.

The overconfidence in this algorithm may have harmed agriculture in a number of ways.

The algorithm’s empirical derivation was seriously flawed.

We examine the origins, implications, and consequences of yield‐based N fertilizer management. Yield‐based algorithms have dominated N fertilizer management of corn (Zea mays) in the United States for almost 50 yr, and similar algorithms have been used all over the world to make fertilizer recommendations for other crops. Beginning in the mid‐1990s, empirical research started to show that yield‐based rules‐of‐thumb in general are not a useful guide to fertilizer management. Yet yield‐based methods continue to be widely used, and are part of the principal algorithms of nearly all current “decision tool” software being sold to farmers for N management. We present details of the theoretical and empirical origins of yield‐based management algorithms, which were introduced by George Stanford (1966, 1973) as a way to make N fertilizer management less reliant on data. We show that Stanford’s derivation of his “1.2 Rule” was based on very little data, questionable data omissions, and negligible and faulty statistical analysis. We argue that, nonetheless, researchers, outreach personnel, and private‐sector crop management consultants were obliged to give some kind of N management guidance to farmers. Since data generation is costly, it is understandable that a broad, “ball park” rule‐of‐thumb was developed, loosely based on agronomic principles. We conclude by suggesting that technology changes now allow for exciting new possibilities in data‐intensive fertilizer management research, which may lead to more efficient N management possibilities in the near future.
The evolution of straight‐cutting canola in western Canada
Authors: Brackenreed Angela
Published: January 2019

While not for everyone, straight‐cutting canola is no longer just a niche or a trend. It is very much here to stay and only gaining in popularity. With any new practice, however, there is always a bit of a learning curve. Earn 0.5 CEUs in Crop Management by reading this article and taking the quiz at www.certifiedcropadviser.org/education/classroom/classes/626.
Once again in detail about where does solar energy come from
Authors: Velgas Lev Borisovich , Iavolinskaia Liya Lvovna
Published: January 2019

In the concept presented in this article, the authors try to prove that all the planets revolve around their axes due to the impact of their satellites. The rotation of the Joint Force is similar for all planets and for the Sun. The sun and each planet can have several satellites. Joint Force of Graviation each pair – the satellite of the planet and the planet itself, the satellite of the Sun and the Sun itself, if it is, the Joint Force of Graviation, moves because of the satellite's orbit, rotates the planet or the Sun. The work recalls that the Joint Force of the Moon and the Earth holds the Moon so that the side of the moon with a larger mass is located in the direction of the Earth. All satellites (there are more than 150 of them) are in a rigid stable position – depending on their planets. And all planets-satellites in the solar system in rotation around their axes depend on their satellites. Earth and the Moon in this matter are not original. Researchers provide evidence of the absence of a thermonuclear reaction on the stars and argue that the energy of so-lar radiation is electrical energy, not thermonuclear. The authors remind that the Thermonuclear Reaction to the Sun does not go, as R. Davis proved: there is no, a very few, not enough for the existence of a Thermonuclear reaction solar neutrinos. And this means, most likely, there is another source of solar energy. And he really is. The article explains the mechanism of the method of F. Arago.
About 5–6 grades students preparation for participation in competitions and contests in mathematics
Authors: Sverdlova Anna Andreevna
Published: January 2019

This article identifies and characterizes the pedagogical conditions for the organization of project activities in a modern primary school. In the analysis of scientific literature the author highlights the benefits of project activities, as well as the typical mistakes of teachers in the formation of project activities. The work also describes the pedagogical conditions.
La compra de un colchón es cuestión de salud? Caso provincia de Cotopaxi – Ecuador
Authors: Cordova Ana Consuelo
Published: January 2019

La presente investigación tiene como base la identificación de factores comportamentales que inciden en el proceso de decisión de compra de colchones a nivel Ecuador, tomando como muestra a la Provincia de Cotopaxi. En este contexto, se identifican variables como: características físicas del colchón, características del consumidor, factores motivacionales, factores y entornos de compra, entre otros, recopilados a través de la aplicación de la técnica de la encuesta; se estructuró seis modelos econométricos de carácter cualitativo para indagar la dependencia de una de las variables independientes a la dependiente; considerando que el mercado tiene una estructura de mercado oligopólica, del tratamento de la información se llega a determinar qué factores tales como la edad, género, motivos de compra, la marca inciden en la decisión de compra de este producto y que de alguna manera dirige el comportamiento de compra.
Influence of Hormones on Sjögren’s Syndrome
Authors: Yang Liu , Wei Wei , He Xi , Xie Yu , Kamal Mohammad A. , Li Jiang
Published: January 2019

Sjögren’s syndrome (SS) is an immune system oral disorder that is characterized generally by dry
mouth and eyes. In this review, SS classification, presentation and pathogenesis are briefly discussed. Moreover,
the epidemiology of SS regarding sex, age and association with other complications are also presented. This review
also addresses the interactions between endocrine axes and SS, and the important findings up to regarding
hormone treatment of this syndrome. The main hormones discussed in this review includes Adrenocorticotropic
hormone (ACTH), Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), Luteinizing hormone (LH), Thyroid-stimulating hormone
(TSH), and prolactin.
Pharmacotherapy of Vitreomacular Traction
Authors: Wan Ran , Hong Thomas , Tariq Yasser , Chang Andrew
Published: January 2019

Vitreomacular traction occurs due to incomplete or anomalous posterior vitreous detachment. Over
time, the vitreous pulls anteriorly and causes retinal distortion and eventually reduced vision. Traditionally, vitreomacular
traction was treated with vitrectomy surgery. In the past few years, there is a paradigm shift towards
pharmacologic vitreolysis, which involves the intravitreal injection of enzymatic and non-enzymatic agents that
facilitate posterior vitreous detachment. Many agents have been investigated and trialled including plasmin, microplasmin
(Ocriplasmin), hyaluronidase, nattokinase, chondroitinase and dispase. This review will focus on the
progress and current status in this research.
Biological Activities of Artemisinin Derivatives Beyond Malaria
Authors: Liu Xiaoyan , Cao Jianguo , Huang Guozheng , Zhao Qingjie , Shen Jingshan
Published: January 2019

Artemisinin is isolated from Artemisia annua L. with peroxide-containing sesquiterpene lactone structure. Because of its unique structural characteristics and promising anticancer, antivirus activities, it has recently received increasing attention. The aim of this review is to summarize recent discoveries of artemisinin's novel derivatives with new pharmaceutical effects beyond malaria with a focus on its antitumor and antivirus activity, as well as potential results of combination therapy with other clinical drugs.
Recent Progress in Machine Learning-based Prediction of Peptide Activity for Drug Discovery
Authors: Wu Qihui , Ke Hanzhong , Li Dongli , Wang Qi , Fang Jiansong , Zhou Jingwei
Published: January 2019

Over the past decades, peptide as a therapeutic candidate has received increasing attention in
drug discovery, especially for antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), anticancer peptides (ACPs) and antiinflammatory
peptides (AIPs). It is considered that the peptides can regulate various complex diseases
which are previously untouchable. In recent years, the critical problem of antimicrobial resistance drives
the pharmaceutical industry to look for new therapeutic agents. Compared to organic small drugs, peptide-
based therapy exhibits high specificity and minimal toxicity. Thus, peptides are widely recruited in
the design and discovery of new potent drugs. Currently, large-scale screening of peptide activity with
traditional approaches is costly, time-consuming and labor-intensive. Hence, in silico methods, mainly
machine learning approaches, for their accuracy and effectiveness, have been introduced to predict the
peptide activity. In this review, we document the recent progress in machine learning-based prediction
of peptides which will be of great benefit to the discovery of potential active AMPs, ACPs and AIPs.
New Caffeic Acid Derivatives as Antimicrobial Agents: Design, Synthesis, Evaluation and Docking
Authors: Merlani Maia , Barbakadze Vakhtang , Amiranashvili Lela , Gogilashvili Lali , Poroikov Vladimir , Petrou Anthi , Geronikaki Athina , Ciric Ana , Glamoclija Jasmina , Sokovic Marina
Published: January 2019

Background:

Phenolic acids (caffeic-, ferulic and p-coumaric acid) are widely distributed in the plant kingdom and exhibit broad spectrum of biological activities, including antimicrobial activity.

Objective:

The goal of this paper is the synthesis of some caffeic acid derivatives selected based on computer-aided predictions and evaluate their in vitro antimicrobial properties against Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria and also a series of fungi.

Methods:

In silico prediction of biological activity was used to identify the most promising structures for synthesis and biological testing, and the putative mechanisms of their antimicrobial action. The designed compounds were synthesized using classical organic synthesis methods. The antimicrobial activity was studied using microdilution method.

Results:

Twelve tested compounds have shown good antibacterial activity. Five out of twelve tested compounds appeared to be more active than the reference drugs ampicillin and streptomycin. Despite that all compounds exhibited good activity against all bacteria tested, the sensitivity of bacteria towards compounds in general was different. The evaluation of antifungal activity revealed that all compounds were more active than ketoconazole, while seven compounds (2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8 and 12) appeared to be more active than bifonazole. Docking results indicate that gyrase inhibition is the putative mechanism of antibacterial action while the inhibition of 14α-demethylase may be responsible for antifungal action. Prediction of cytotoxicity by PROTOX showed that compounds are not toxic (LD50 1000-2000 mg/kg).

Conclusion:

Thirteen compounds, from which six are new ones, were synthesized, and twelve compounds were tested for antimicrobial activity. The studied compounds appeared to be promising potent and non-toxic antimicrobials, which could be considered as leads for new pharmaceutical agents.
Strategi Pemasaran Produk Suvenir Pendukung Desa Wisata Tinalah Dan Program Bela Beli Kulon Progo
Authors: Rahajeng Anggi
Published: January 2019

This paper aims to provide an analysis of the activities of community service performed to increase the income of rural communities by modified inhouse training marketing strategy of supporting souvenir products of Tinalah Tourism Village, Purwoharjo Samigaluh Kulon Progo. The majority of Purwoharjo villagers work in primary sectors such as agriculture and livestock, the income of the population is relatively low, so look for alternative work by developing Desa Wisata Tinalah. The addition and / or change of livelihoods of the primary sector that sells goods to the tourism sector that sells services require adaptation processes especially in terms of providing services to visitors / tourists. Making village tourism souvenirs requires skills to market products to tourists so that satisfaction can be met optimally. Therefore, the team of the Department of Economics and Business, Vocational College UGM held a marketing strategy training for souvenir product of Tinalah Tourism Village which is later expected to increase the income of the villagers. This training was given to all members of Tinalah Village and some Purwoharjo Village Government Staff. Marketing strategy that used both offline and online (making email account and blog) towards e-smart SMEs thus they may involve in online market place. The expected outcome of this community service activity is increasing skill of the business actor in marketing the souvenir products supporting the tourist village to meet the optimum tourist satisfaction in order to increase the income of Purwoharjo village community.
La vocación y la profesionalización en enfermeria ayer y hoy
Authors: Ramírez Díaz Evertina
Published: January 2019

En la actualidad, cada hombre busca satisfacer su necesidad de inclusión en el grupo social en el que vive y se desarrolla. Para lograrlo debe encontrar actividades afines y al mismo tiempo que le sean satisfactorias.

Decidir la vocación es mucho más difícil para la juventud de hoy, de lo que ha sido para cualquier otra generación pues existen cada vez un mayor número de empleos y carreras diferentes para elegir. Sin duda, la elección de una carrera es uno de los conflictos que enfrenta el ser humano en su proceso de definición profesional, ya que no es un hecho aislado, que se genere de manera espontánea, sino que implica varias etapas, y en el que Enfermería como profesión se encuentra inmersa.

En este trabajo se aborda de manera breve, los diferentes momentos que conlleva a la consolidación de la Enfermería como una profesión, así como, las etapas en la elección vocacional y profesional, y los factores que la condicionan.
El jueceo: una experiencia de aprendizaje en la investigación cualitativa
Authors: Aljama Corrales Elia , Boroja Cruz Juana , Ostiguín Meléndez Rosa Ma.
Published: January 2019

En las áreas de las ciencias de la salud existe un bagaje teórico-metodológico amplio para abordar los fenómenos de estudio que ahí se presentan, mismo que aporta estrategias de análisis para la particular interpretación de los asuntos de interés disciplinar.

La realidad que trata de desentrañar el investigador Enfermero no es unicausal, en ella convergen la dimensión del cuidado y los procesos formativos, tal es el caso que se expone a partir de la metodología cualitativa, donde la Enfermería Mexicana aun tiene mucho que aportar y un gran camino por recorrer.

Incursionar en este tipo e metodología, implica la consideración de una gama de habilidades por parte del investigador, sin embargo cuando la experiencia es colectiva se requieren de otras condiciones, que conduzcan a un trabajo grupal y en su momento colegiado.

Particularmente el jueceo, obliga a procesos de introyección, sustracción, inducción y deducción, que permiten gestar un escenario común donde se construyen nuevas perspectivas producto del análisis grupal y en donde se reconocen los conceptos que constituyen al fenómeno y sus posibles relaciones.

Todo ello en aras de identificar conceptos subyacentes a los discursos que en el caso aportan elementos para la práctica del cuidado de la Enfermería. De este modo, participar en el jueceo en el marco de una tesis de maestrías, es en sí mismo una evidencia de la construcción de experiencias pedagógicas significativas que en el particular se desea socializar.
Relación de los factores personales biológicos, socioculturales y apoyo social con la responsabilidad en salud a pacientes con Tuberculosis pulmonar
Authors: Cadena Santos Francisco , Alonso Castillo María Magdalena , Alarcón Luna Nohemi Selene , Guajardo Balderas Verónica , Botello Moreno Yolanda
Published: January 2019

Introducción: El propósito fue conocer la relación entre factores personales biológicos, socioculturales y el apoyo social con la conducta promotora de salud de responsabilidad en salud. Metodología: Diseño descriptivo-correlacional, muestreo no probabilístico, muestra de 80 sujetos que terminaron el tratamiento. Recolección de la información con una cédula y dos instrumentos de medición con Alpha de Cronbach aceptable. Resultados: Se observó correlación negativa y significativa entre la edad con el apoyo emocional (rs=-.426,p<.001), como con el apoyo tangible (rs=-.436,p<=.001). Se encontró correlación negativa y significativa del índice de masa corporal con el apoyo emocional (rs=-.27,p=.01), y el apoyo tangible (rs=-.22,p=.04). Se encontró correlación positiva y significativa de los años de escolaridad con el apoyo emocional (rs=.42,p=<.001), y el apoyo tangible (rs=.39,p=<.001). El modelo de regresión lineal múltiple de escolaridad, nivel socioeconómico y ocupación mostró efecto significativo sobre la responsabilidad en salud (Fc=2.83, p=.03) con una variación explicada del 13%. Conclusiones: Los factores personales biológicos y socioculturales tienen relación con las influencias interpersonales. Se encontró efecto significativo de los factores socioculturales con la responsabilidad en salud. No se encontró efecto significativo de los factores biológicos con el resultado conductual; y del apoyo social con la responsabilidad en salud.
Tipos de estudio en el enfoque de investigación cuantitativa
Authors: Müggenburg Rodríguez V. María Cristina , Pérez Cabrera Iñiga
Published: January 2019

La preparación de clases para impartir la materia de Metodología de Investigación del programa de Licenciatura de la Escuela Nacional de Enfermería y Obstetricia de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México implica la revisión de diversos autores, en este proceso nos encontramos con criterios diferentes para la presentación de los temas, en el presente caso nos abocamos a los tipos de estudio, para el desarrollo de este contenido identificamos una amplia gama de presentación, por lo que nos decidimos a revisar y organizar el material bajo diversos criterios como profundidad de la búsqueda, fuente de datos, intervención y propósito del investigador, disponibilidad de tiempo y recursos, etc. Sin embargo, es importante mencionar que estas clasificaciones no son absolutas y que un estudio puede ubicarse en más de un grupo si el criterio establecido lo incluye.
Humanización del cuidado de Enfermería
Authors: Prieto Parra Gloria Inés
Published: January 2019

Como marco de referencia para el análisis del tema se hará inicialmente una reflexión acerca del cuidado de Enfermería el cual se fundamenta en la relación interpersonal humanizada que establece la Enfermera con el sujeto de cuidado; así mismo se analiza el enfoque humanístico del cuidado teniendo como referente lo planteado por algunas teoristas en Enfermería. Finalmente se proponen posibles caminos que contribuyan a la humanización del cuidado para lo cual se han tenido en cuenta los valores y los principios éticos que guían el desempeño de la Enfermera en Colombia, los derechos del sujeto de cuidado y la importancia del trabajo en equipo de las personas que participan en la atención de salud de quienes la requieren.
Transladar la investigación a la práctica de la Enfermería: Un reto impostergable para las Enfermeras
Authors: Morán Peña Laura
Published: January 2019

Transladar la investigación a la práctica de la Enfermería: Un reto impostergable para las Enfermeras Resumen—
Seguridad del paciente. Una necesidad para el cuidado.
Authors: Vázquez C. Evangelina
Published: January 2019

Reducir los eventos adversos y errores médicos se ha convertido en un asunto de interés Internacional, por tal motivo en octubre del 2004 la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) estableció la alianza por la seguridad del paciente, realizando un primer taller en el cual se establecieron seis áreas de acción, una de ellas; los pacientes en defensa de su seguridad realizada en noviembre del 2005 en Londres, con 24 asistentes mujeres de Sudan, Australia y México se presento la llamada Declaración de Londres en donde se destaca la perspectiva de los pacientes como agentes de cambio activos en la mejora de la calidad de los servicios de salud, en especial los derechos a la salud materno infantil, exponiendo sus propias historias de vida uno de los puntos principales y de mayor relevancia fue el de enfocar la atención a los grupos mas desprotegidos y discriminados por lo que se propuso crear redes con las Instituciones, grupos y Asociaciones civiles con EE.UU, Canadá para trabajar a nivel regional y mundial en forma conjunta con la OMS.
Muerte digna o ensañamiento terapéutico: una reflexión para profesionales de la salud
Authors: Salazar Gómez Teresa De Jesús , Méndez Xavier Gabriela , Ponce Gomez Gandhy , Garduño Ortega Claudia María
Published: January 2019

El acompañamiento durante el sufrimiento humano se vuelve un desafío a la reflexión bioética, debido a una avanzada edad, a la gravedad de la enfermedad, a la condición terminal y al abandono familiar de pacientes en estas situaciones, y por tanto al dilema de la utilidad de algunos procedimientos y la consecuente actitud del profesional de enfermería. Centro de estos problemas es la concientización de los cuidados de enfermería y la relación enfermera-paciente en una situación de enfermedad terminal (SET) Se trata de un Estudio de caso producto de la práctica de los alumnos de la especialidad de post grado en Enfermería del Adulto en estado Crítico aplicando el Proceso de Atención de Enfermería basado en las 14 necesidades de Virginia Henderson realizado a una persona portadora de Cor Pulmonale. Su objetivo es analizar la evolución clínica de la información registrada siguiendo la metodología de estudio de casos. El marco teórico y el posterior análisis está centrado en la utilización de los conceptos ensañamiento terapéutico y rol de enfermería en el marco que proporciona la reflexión bioética contemporánea sobre el derecho a una muerte digna.
Reflexiones interacadémicas sobre el proceso de atención de enfermería
Authors: Ostiguín Meléndez Rosa María , Bermúdez González Alfredo
Published: January 2019

El desarrollo de actividades interacadémicas en espacios de investigación sin lugar a dudas reporta la posibilidad de un intercambio de visiones sobre la disciplina y una experiencia en pro de la cultura de la Inter-multidisciplina. En el marco de la Unidad de Investigación la ENEO-UNAM, ha instituido los jueves académicos, escenario donde se diserta sobre temas relevantes para el cuidado a la salud, tal fue el caso del Proceso de Atención de Enfermería (PAE). En una jornada de cuatro sesiones se abordó por representantes de las diversas Academias de Enfermería e Investigadores en el tema, los diferentes escenarios en los que se evidencia el proceso, así como la problemática y forma de aproximarse al PAE. De dicha actividad se reconocieron tres aspectos nodales en torno al PAE a saber: Aspectos semánticos-nominales, los Teóricos conceptuales y los Instrumentales; todos de gran trascendencia e impostergable abordaje. Lo anterior inserto en una visión filosófica sobre el cuidado a partir de la aprehensión de persona y naturaleza, que lleven a considerar el verdadero humanismo con que se ha investido a la profesión de enfermería.