bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Human Energy: A metascience for evolutionary flourishing
Authors: Jacob Michael
Published: January 2025

What enables humanity to flourish? Surely, it is more than our biological survival as individuals, or even as a species. As a modern science, biology does not typically address the social, ethical and religious dimensions of human flourishing. Here I propose a transdisciplinary scientific framework for flourishing, rooted in evolvability: the capacity to increase the probability of an evolutionary outcome. I define human energy as a fuel for our evolvability as a species, reflecting a natural extension of biological processes that utilize dynamically structured, latent energy to anticipate the future. These processes of creative energy leverage serendipitous interactions within biochemical, neural, and social networks to constellate innovative pathways. As a result of this creative energy, organisms are more than literally “alive” (surviving) but are “meta-alive,” (flourishing and evolvable). Nonetheless, purely biological descriptions and investigations are insufficient to describe, let alone explain flourishing at the level of humanity. Humans imagine the future. We are nourished not only from metabolism, but through the energy of the arts, literature, and religion (the humanities). Mirroring prior major evolutionary transitions, human energy enables transcendence: moving from the biology of the individual to novel forms at a collective level. Human energy manifests this through imagination, compassion and what the poet Keats’ called, negative capability, a radical stance of not-knowing. Making sense of these energetic transitions requires a new metascience, a transdisciplinary bridge between the biological sciences and the humanities.
Practice of Shamanism: Traditional Healing Practices and Contemporary Transformations in Khandacakra Municipality, Kalikot
Authors: Adhikari Kanshi Prasad
Published: January 2025

This study explores the practice of shamanism from traditional healing practices to contemporary interpretations in Khandacakra Municipality of Kalikot, Nepal. Utilizing both primary and secondary data, the research examines the socio-cultural and economic factors influencing this transformation. The findings reveal that traditional shamanic culture is in practice in the community, with a significant portion of the population regularly consulting shamans. However, modernization, education, and global cultural exposure are driving changes in these practices. Contemporary shamanism, characterized by a blend of traditional and modern therapeutic approaches, is gaining acceptance, particularly among younger generations. The study highlights the potential for integrating shamanic practices with modern healthcare to provide a holistic approach to health and well-being. Despite challenges such as skepticism from the younger generation and competition from modern healthcare providers, there is strong support for the continued relevance of shamanic practices. This research contributes to the understanding of how traditional practices adapt to modern contexts and offers recommendations for sustaining these practices in the face of ongoing cultural and social changes.
Readiness towards Self Directed Learning among Bachelor Level Nursing Students in a Campus, Banke District
Authors: Shahi Radhika , Acharya Sunita , Nai Saraswati
Published: January 2025

Self-directed learning (SDL) plays a critical role in adult education, fostering lifelong learning and contributing to enhanced academic and professional outcomes. This study aimed to assess the level of readiness for SDL among bachelor-level nursing students at Nepalgunj Nursing Campus and to explore the associations between SDL readiness and selected demographic and academic variables. This descriptive cross-sectional study employed a quantitative research design. A total of [insert number] bachelor-level nursing students were recruited using [specify recruitment method]. Data were collected using a structured self-administered questionnaire based on the Self-Directed Learning Readiness Scale (SDLRS) developed by Fisher et al. (2001). The tool’s reliability was verified with a Cronbach's alpha of [insert value]. Descriptive statistics (frequency and percentage) and inferential statistics (Chi-square test) were utilized for data analysis. The findings indicated that 87.2% of the students demonstrated a high level of readiness for SDL. Significant associations were identified between SDL readiness and variables such as age, type of family, academic year, and voluntary selection of nursing education (p < 0.05). Among the subscales, self-control scored higher compared to self-management and desire for learning. The study highlights a strong readiness for SDL among nursing students, with significant demographic and academic factors influencing this readiness. These findings suggest the need to integrate strategies that further enhance SDL readiness, particularly focusing on subscales where students scored comparatively lower, such as self-management and desire for learning.
Using Lime to Remove Chromium from Tannery Factory Industrial Wastewater in Baghdad
Authors: Abdullah Hasan Ali , Al-Obaidi Ilham , M. Abed Zainab
Published: January 2025

A jar test experiment was conducted on tannery factory wastewater using hydrated lime Ca(OH)2 as a treatment material to remove chromium. The Saeeda factory in the Zaafaraniya area was the field for bringing models and applying this research content. The effluent characteristics were analyzed according to the American Public Health Association (APHA), the American Water Works Association (AWWA), and the Water Environment Federation (WEF). The results after analysis showed that calcium hydroxide (lime) removes chromium from industrial wastewater of tanning factories by up to 63.822%. The working conditions and parameters for performing the tests were based on axes, such as the gradient speed achieved at 480 s-1 for 30 minutes at 20°C. Experiments have shown that calcium concentration can remove chromium through multiple mechanisms. However, the presence of calcium also works together with chromium through the presence of chromium ions, which will lead to a reduction of calcium ions by 6.734%, but this does not mean risking adding chromium salts to achieve the best removal of chromium by hydrated lime.
Enhancing Surveillance with Machine and Deep Learning-Based Facial Recognition Model: A Proposed Approach for Identification
Authors: Saeed Husham Salam , Hassan Fares Muhammad
Published: January 2025

There is limited understanding and utilization of facial recognition models in surveillance. This work addresses the underutilization of facial recognition Models in surveillance contexts. A Model that leverages its proposed facial recognition technology to monitor and locate individuals in real-time video streams and dataset images. The model begins with an initial dataset containing images of specific individuals, such as university professors, missing persons, or criminals. These images extract essential facial attributes for training models capable of identifying individuals in live video recordings. Upon a successful match, the model identifies individuals and tracks their movements using surveillance cameras. A primary objective of this work is to integrate the proposed model seamlessly with the current surveillance infrastructure, minimizing operational costs and disruptions. The work employs two main artificial intelligence approaches: Support Vector Machine achieved an accuracy of 85.33%, demonstrating effective facial recognition compared to the Multilayer Perceptron with 89.0% accuracy. Additionally, Linear Discriminant Analysis achieved the highest classification accuracy at 87.66%. Furthermore, our custom deep learning model demonstrated exceptional accuracy, ranging between 99.5% and 99.8%, showcasing significant advancements over existing methodologies.
Theoretical Study to Select Wind Turbines and Energy Production for the Entire Area in Iraq
Authors: Hamid Saib , Aljanabi Sabah , Mohammed Tawfeeq , H. Al-Moameri Harith , Hussam Wisam
Published: January 2025

ان غالبية أنظمة توليد الطاقة الكهربائية في العراق هي محطات توربينية غازية تنطوي على العديد من المشاكل من النواحي الاقتصادية والبيئية لأنها تعتمد على مصادر الوقود الأحفوري. يمكن للطاقة المتجددة، وتحديداً الرياح، أن تكون حلاً (إلى جانب الطاقة الشمسية) لإنتاج طاقة نظيفة. خلال هذا العمل، يمكن اقتراح توربينات رياح محددة ضمن أبعاد معينة وارتفاعات محورية معينة لتلبية الطاقة المقدرة القابلة للتطبيق لكثافة الرياح المتاحة. ويبدو أن مناطق عديدة في العراق، وخاصة المناطق الشرقية والغربية، تعد مواقع واعدة لتركيب توربينات الرياح لتوليد الكهرباء. أظهرت النتائج أن كثافة الطاقة لهذه المواقع تتراوح بين 700-1200 كيلووات ساعة/م2 سنوياً على ارتفاع 80 متراً كارتفاع حرج. يمكن لتوربين المحور الأفقي المقترح أن يوفر طاقة مقدرة تصل إلى 200 كيلووات، ويمكن أن تصل إلى 350 كيلووات في بعض المواقع، خاصة في منطقة هاي وما حولها. يمكن للمواقع الأخرى (المناطق الجنوبية والداخلية) إنتاج طاقة أقل، وهي مناسبة لتوربينات المحور الرأسي ذات القدرة المقدرة من 10 إلى 20 كيلووات. ومع ذلك، لا يُنصح بشراء بعض المواقع لبيع التوربينات الكبيرة نظرًا لطول فترة التوقف عن التصميم. التوربينات الصغيرة التي تنتج 5 كيلوواط مناسبة للمنطقة الشمالية من العراق.
Comparative Analysis of Supercritical Carbon Dioxide and Subcritical Water Extraction for Sabah Coffea Canephora
Authors: Khurun Hizar Sarah Aisyah , Yangun Ceron Ezra , Mahat Noor Sabariah , Ahmad Zaini Muhammad Abbas , Roslan Jumardi , Kobun Rovina , Ronie Macdalyna Esther , Mohammad Ridhwan Norazlina , Putra Nicky Rahmana , Ruslan Muhammad Syafiq Hazwan , Abdul Razak Amir Haziq , Mamat Hasmadi , Abdul Aziz Ahmad Hazim
Published: January 2025

This work provides a thorough comparative analysis of the green extraction process, viz. supercritical carbon dioxide and subcritical water extraction methods for Sabah Coffea canephora. Rigorous experiments were conducted using supercritical carbon dioxide (temperature ranging from 40 °C to 80 °C and pressure from 10 to 30 MPa) and subcritical water (temperature ranging from 120 to 180 °C with extraction times from 5 to 15 min). The optimum conditions for supercritical carbon dioxide extraction were obtained at 79 °C and 30 MPa at the maximum extract yield (8.549%), total phenolic content (4.563 mg/g gallic acid equivalent), total flavonoid content (0.763 mg/g quercetin equivalent) and antioxidant activity (63.34%). Meanwhile, subcritical water extraction is the best extraction method for Coffea canephora, which was obtained optimum conditions at 180 °C and 15 min of extraction time with a maximum extract yield of 44.477%, total phenolic content of 6.481 mg/g gallic acid equivalent, total flavonoid content of 13.816 mg/g quercetin equivalent and 77.586% of antioxidant activity. In conclusion, this understanding contributes to developing optimized conditions for green extraction methods, expanding the potential applications of Sabah Coffea canephora in industries, including pharmaceuticals and functional foods.
Finite Element Analysis of Skirted Strip Footing Resting on Cohesive Slopes
Authors: Hassan Hanan Adnan , Ammar Mohammed Hadeel , Wasife jassim Najwa , Yousif Fattah Mohammed , Al-Hassnawi Noor S.
Published: January 2025

The bearing capacity of footing with and without a skirt has been investigated using a series of finite element analyses using the Geo-slope program. Several models were conducted with varying skirt depths and slope crest lactations. The impact of slope inclination b, height H, and soil undrained shear strength Cu were also covered. The paper findings demonstrated that several factors significantly change the estimate of bearing capacity with great effectiveness that is ranging between 16.7% and 52.7% for D/B = 0.5, 1 and 1.5, and L/B (distance from edge slope/width of footing) = 0, 1, 4 and 8 respectively, and 18.2%, 36.4, 57.6%; 11.6%, 17.6%; 27.9%  kPa, for D/B (depth of skirt/width of footing) = 0.5, 1 and 1.5  and L/B = 0, 1, 4 and 8 respectively in case β=10° slope inclination with H/B =2 and Cu=60 kPa for D/B = 0.5, 1 and 1.5  and L/B  = 0, 1, 4 and 8 with Cu=20 kPa respectively in case β=10° slope inclination with H/B =2, also the critical L/ B ratio is 4. Beyond this value, the increase in bearing capacity became constant.
Novel functional electrical stimulation parameter optimization for neurorehabilitation using both conventional and AI techniques
Authors: Arsenidis Arsenios , Moraitopoulos Alexandros , Athanasiou Alkinoos , Vildiridis Alexandros , Bamidis Panagiotis , Stefaneas Petros , Astaras Alexandros
Published: January 2025

Neurological conditions such as stroke or spinal cord trauma often attenuate or disrupt nerve connections,  leading to loss of muscle function, sensation, or responsiveness. The application of physical and occupational therapy rehabilitation protocols can help regain some of the lost functions and significantly improve a patient’s quality of life. These protocols leverage the principle of neuroplasticity, an inherent property of the brain which allows the formation of new  neural connections in response to external stimuli.  Electrical Muscle Stimulation (EMS) has been proven to amplify the effects of rehabilitation as it adds new stimuli in the form of suitable electric pulse trains directly to the neuromuscular system. Certain rehabilitation protocols incorporate functional exercises which mimic natural movements, which can in turn benefit by the application of synchronized electric pulses. This process, known as  Functional Electrical Stimulation (FES), has been demonstrated to be beneficial with respect to the nature and longevity of neuromuscular adaptations as well as brain reorganization. This paper considers techniques for the optimization of these parameters and presents preliminary in vivo experimental results demonstrating the proposed methodology.
Revolutionizing Healthcare Education: Mobile Virtual Patients for Digital Problem-Based Learning
Authors: Dratsiou Ioanna , Romanopoulou Evangelia , Varella Annita , Bamidis Panagiotis D.
Published: January 2025

The move to student-centered medical curriculum places greater emphasis on active learning and the development of clinical reasoning skills. Virtual Patients, defined as computer-based programs that simulate real-life clinical scenarios, have become increasingly popular as an enhancement to medical training. This study explores the usability and effectiveness of Mobile Virtual Patients (MVPs) in supporting healthcare professionals and medical students to develop skills related to symptom management, diagnosis, and treatment in the context of the H2020 SHAPES project for older adults. Fourteen participants, divided into two groups of seven each from the University of Nicosia and Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, respectively, participated in PBL sessions using MVPs. These cases encompassed various conditions, from neurodegenerative diseases to chronic conditions, focusing on participants active engagement and inquiry-based learning. The System Usability Scale (SUS) and the Electronic Virtual Patients (eViP) toolkit were applied, which brought usability, technology acceptance, and clinical reasoning into perspective. Results showed high usability, with healthcare professionals giving an SUS of 86.2, compared to 77.5 for medical students. Both groups reported positive experiences, but medical students rated the learning effect and coaching higher than healthcare professionals. This suggests that MVPs are valuable instruments in enhancing clinical reasoning and knowledge acquisition. It further emphasizes the customization of MVPs for the various needs of a medical student and a healthcare professional to realize optimized educational outcomes. Future studies should address scalability, infrastructure needs, and inclusion in broader medical curricula to further advance the spread within healthcare education.
Prevalence of Variations in the Anterior Communicating Artery Complex of the Circle of Willis: A CT Angiography Study in Malaysia
Authors: Phyu Soe Ei , Buyong Zunariah , Hassan Radhiana , Che Mohamed Siti Kamariah , Ab. Rahman Jamalludin
Published: January 2025

INTRODUCTION: The anterior communicating artery complex (ACoA complex) within the circle of Willis, contributing to communicating arterial supply to the brain, exhibits significant anatomical diversity. Given the vulnerability of brain tissues to cell death resulting from poor blood supply, knowledge on this variability becomes crucial for diagnosing and managing diseases affecting the arterial supply to the brain. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the prevalence and to give a description of these variations based on reconstructed CT angiographic (CTA) images. We included all individuals who underwent head CT angiography at a hospital in Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia for various reasons between January 2009 and August 2015. A total of 81 CT angiographic images were analyzed for different variations, encompassing hypoplasia, aplasia, and duplication of the anterior communicating artery, as well as hypoplasia and aplasia of the A1 and A2 segments of the anterior cerebral artery, the A2 segments arising from a common trunk, and the third A2 segment. RESULTS: Ten distinct variation types were identified, with the typical pattern observed in 35.8% of cases. Vascular variations accounted for 64.2%, signifying a higher prevalence compared to previous studies. The cases presenting variations in the anterior communicating artery constituted 43.2%, with the aplasia being the most prevalent anatomical variation at 28.4%. CONCLUSION: The study highlights a higher prevalence of anatomical variations in the ACoA complex than the typical pattern.
Validating Fibula Length as a Reliable Estimator for Femoral Nail Length: A Comparative Analysis with the Standard AO Method
Authors: Ab Rahman Shaifuzain , Sandhu Manharpreet Singh , Sharifudin Mohd Ariff , Ismail Ahmad Filza
Published: January 2025

INTRODUCTION: An appropriate femoral nail length is required to be measured preoperatively to ensure optimal surgical outcomes. Conventionally, measurements are obtained clinically or radiographically on the contralateral femur or by using forearm referencing. This study is aimed to determine whether fibula length can be used as an additional clinical method for estimating maximum femoral nail length. MATERIALS AND METHOD: This study involves measuring the femurs and fibulas of 140 patients using a standard tape measure. Femur length is measured adhering to the standard Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Osteosynthesefragen (AO) method, while fibula length was measured from the tip of the fibula head to the tip of the lateral malleolus. Pearson correlation coefficient (r) determines any correlation between the two measurements. RESULTS: The overall mean femoral length was 37.98cm (SD=2.72), with a range of 32.0 to 46.5 cm, and the mean fibula length was 37.72cm (SD=2.61), with a range of 32.4 to 47.0 cm. A robust and positive correlation (r=0.940, p<0.001) was observed between fibula length and femoral length. Age, body mass index, and gender did not affect this correlation. Both inter-observer and intra-observer reliabilities were high. A formula for estimating maximum femoral nail length was derived from the correlation graph: femoral nail length = 1 + (0.98 x fibula length). CONCLUSION: Fibula length demonstrates a strong correlation with femoral length, offering a reliable alternative clinical method for estimating femoral nail length. This method proves particularly useful in cases of bilateral femoral fractures with concurrent forearm fractures where forearm referencing method is impractical.
Hepatoprotective Effects and Testicular Toxicity of Centella asiatica L. Aqueous Extract in Diabetic Rats
Authors: Aszrin Farashakira , Adam Siti Hajar , Abdul Mutalib Maisarah , Chia Tang Hooi , Gee Hoon Tang Shirley , Mohamad Shariff Mohamad Halim , Mokhtar Mohd Helmy
Published: January 2025

INTRODUCTION: Centella asiatica has been widely studied as an herbal substitute for treating diabetes mellitus (DM). This study aimed to investigate the effects of C. asiatica on the liver and testes in a rat model of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were induced with diabetes using a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin-nicotinamide (STZ-NA). Three days after induction of diabetes, the rats were treated with either 250 or 500 mg/kg body weight/day of C. asiatica aqueous extract (CAAE) for 48 days. Serum, liver, and testes were collected for analysis. Parameters measured included fasting blood glucose (FBG), body and organ weights, gonadosomatic and hepatosomatic index, testicular steroidogenesis activity (HSD17B3, testosterone levels, sperm count), and liver biochemical markers. Additionally, antioxidant and lipid peroxidation levels, together with sperm count were assessed in the liver and testes respectively. RESULTS: CAAE treatment improved FBG levels and mitigated weight loss in the STZ-NA group. Oxidative stress markers were ameliorated in both organs after CAAE treatment. Liver serum biochemical markers showed improvement, while testicular steroidogenic function declined. Sperm count decreased compared to the STZ-NA group. CONCLUSION: CAAE ameliorates hyperglycaemia and oxidative stress in the liver and testes but may cause testicular dysfunction in DM. In conclusion, the study demonstrated that C. asiatica is able to reverse STZ-NA-induced oxidative stress and hyperglycaemia but exacerbates testicular dysfunction. evaluate our study outcome.
New Insights on Dietary Assessment Recommender System For Pre-University Adolescents
Authors: Huay Woon You , Mahyuddin Alida , Ahmad Noor Sam , Zakaria Ahmad Shuhud Irfani
Published: January 2025

INTRODUCTION: An individual's health status will be influenced by their nutritional status, which is mainly based on their eating habits. Adolescence is an essential phase for growth and development that will be influenced by healthy eating habits. In view of this, a dietary recommender system to understand and improve dietary habits is crucial. In this study, the dietary recommender system, consisting of meal routines, food preferences, and dietary practices of pre-university adolescents, will be presented. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study was conducted at a pre-university centre, involving a sample of 125 students. A self-administered structured questionnaire was used to collect demographic data, daily meal routines, food intake frequency, and dietary behaviour patterns. Two weeks before completing the questionnaire, the students were instructed to monitor their dietary practices. RESULTS: The food intake frequency survey was divided into two categories: food intake less than three times a week (< three times/week) and three times a week or more (≥ three times/week). The results showed that cereal consumption was most frequent at 87.2% for food intake < three times/week, while meat consumption was highest for food intake ≥ three times/week (84.8%). Almost 81% of students reported snacking between meals, with the majority snacking less than twice daily (60.8%). Females showed a higher tendency to snack. In terms of dietary behaviour patterns, there were significant differences between genders in terms of overeating and unbalanced food intake. The four primary dietary behaviour patterns were found to be positively correlated with each other. The correlation study results indicated positive relationships between dietary behaviour patterns and body mass index (BMI), except for a negative relationship between high fat/high calorie diet and BMI. CONCLUSION: Multiple regression analysis suggested that overeating, having a high fat/high calorie diet, unbalanced food intake, and dietary impulses collectively explains variations in BMI.
Photobiomodulation Therapy for Wound Healing: A Narrative Review
Authors: Sukeri Syaima' Farhani , Ahmad Azlina , Zainal Siti Aishah
Published: January 2025

Photobiomodulation is a therapy method that employs light to stimulate cellular function. It has emerged as a promising approach to healing wounds due to its potential to accelerate tissue repair. Wounds can vary in severity from minor cuts to more serious injuries that involve deeper tissue damage. Wound healing is the natural process of the body to repair the injured tissue that causes disruptions to the integrity of the body's tissue. It has been known that photobiomodulation has established its positive effects on wound healing in various factors by modulating the inflammatory response. This review aims to understand the efficacy of photobiomodulation and the clinical application of light transmission as a therapy in enhancing the healing of wounds. Articles on photobiomodulation and its application in wound healing were searched from the available peer-reviewed journals. Published papers were collected from PubMed, Scopus, and Science Direct using photobiomodulation, wound healing, and soft tissue as the keywords. The initial paper search yielded 124 results, and 37 full-text eligible articles were assessed in this review. In conclusion, photobiomodulation has been seen to offer a promising therapeutic approach to enhancing wound healing despite ongoing development. Continued research is essential to comprehend the full potential of photobiomodulation therapy in accelerating wound recovery. It will provide insights into future research areas on photobiomodulation, thus improving the clinical treatment modality and the patient's quality of life.
Scoping Review of Community-Based Interventions to Improve Diabetes Control in Malaysian Adults
Authors: Rani Haslina , Abdul Aziz Aznida Firzah , Mohamed Rasheed Zahirrah Begam , Mohamad Marshah , Gan Audrey , Pow Kah Jun , Khor Swee Kheng , Mohd-Dom Tuti Ningseh
Published: January 2025

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a major non-communicable disease globally including Malaysia. Despite a huge amounts of funds spent for the management of T2DM including community-based interventions (CBIs), the national statistics on the prevalence, treatment outcomes and summary measures of these population health have not improved. Thus we conducted a scoping review to map the details of CBI used for diabetes control among adult T2DM in Malaysia. A scoping review that followed the standard PRISMA guideline in conducting and reporting a scoping review was conducted. A search for relevant journal articles were conducted on four electronic databases (PubMed, SCOPUS, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar). The titles and abstract of the search results were screened to select eligible papers for full text retrieval. Eligible papers were those reporting CBI studies of adults diagnosed with Type 2 diabetes mellitus in Malaysia. Only studies using intervention designs were included. Thirteen studies were reviewed and had individually-oriented or group-based interventions, or a combination of both. There was limited adoption of behavioural theories in guiding these diabetes interventions. Outcomes of the interventions were inconsistent. Most studies yielded significant positive results on HbA1c, diabetes knowledge, blood pressure, blood sugar, and foot care practices; few demonstrated positive outcomes on self-efficacy, body mass index, physical activity; self-monitoring of blood glucose, medication adherence, smoking and alcohol consumption. Studies varied in their approaches and yield mixed effects on diabetes control. Nevertheless, most interventions demonstrated reductions of HbA1c, which is the main clinical outcomemeasured following the CBIs.
Perception of Combined Team-Based Learning and Project-Based Learning among Undergraduate Medical Students: An Integration of Active Learning Strategies in Medical Education
Authors: Ab Rahim Siti Nadirah , Adam Siti Hajar , Nordin Nani , Ahmad Zaidi Nur Adnin , Faisal Ummu Salamah
Published: January 2025

INTRODUCTION: Team-based learning (TBL) is an active learning session in small groups equipped with an instructional strategy giving students the opportunity to apply knowledge through various phases of activities. The phases are: i) pre-class preparation, ii) individual readiness assurance testing (IRAT) and group readiness assurance testing (GRAT), iii) immediate feedback, and iv) knowledge application phase. However, a 2-hour TBL session could be exhaustive. To address this issue and improve students’ enthusiasm towards self-learning process in TBL, project-based learning (PrBL) was incorporated in the final phase of TBL. This pilot study aimed to evaluate the perception of students on the implementation of combined TBL-PrBl in teaching and learning activity. TBL-PrBl also addresses the creativity element of the 21st century learning skills. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This cross-sectional pilot study was conducted among preclinical students enrolled in a Pathology course, involving 44 students. The research instrument was a validated questionnaire which assessed four key components in TBL namely; i) teamwork skills, ii) motivation, iii) subject-specific knowledge comprehension, and iv) overall satisfaction. RESULTS: Most students believed that TBL-PrBl improved teamwork, thinking skills, and enhanced understanding. 59.1% preferred TBL-PrBl over the didactic lecture, and 63.6% agreed that TBL-PrBl should be continued in the teaching and learning of Pathology. CONCLUSION: Based on the findings, TBL-PrBl has the potential to fulfil the 21st-century learning skills and fills in the gap of the limitation imposed by the traditional TBL.
The Level of Self-Efficacy in Obesity Counselling and its Associated factors Among Primary Care Doctors in East Coast Malaysia
Authors: Yunus Nor Akma , Ahmad Zawawi Mohamad Ariff Fahmi , Mohd Yusoff Siti Suhaila , Abdul Rahman Razlina
Published: January 2025

INTRODUCTION: Obesity counselling is imperative in the management of obesity. Hence the self-efficacy of the primary care doctors (PCDs) in obesity counselling influences the outcome. This study investigated the level of self-efficacy in obesity counselling among PCDs and its associated factors. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a web-based cross-sectional survey involving 156 PCDs working in government health clinics. Participants were selected by simple random sampling and were invited through a letter. Participants then visited the survey website and filled up an online questionnaire. The level of self-efficacy was assessed using the Obesity, Nutrition, and Physical Activity Counselling by Residents (ONPAR) questionnaire. The data was analysed using SPSS software version 22 and presented as mean (SD) or frequency (%). Simple and multiple linear regression analysis were performed. Significant p-value was set at 0.05 with a 95% confidence interval. RESULTS: The response rate was 79.5%. The mean score for self-efficacy in obesity counselling was 66.9% (10.67) with the lowest mean score was for the “confidence in prescribing a plan for physical activity for someone with arthritic knees”. The mean knowledge score was 55.4% (23.9). The level of self-efficacy was associated with knowledge on obesity management guidelines recommendations (p=0.02, 95% CI 0.02, 0.17). CONCLUSIONS: The level of self-efficacy in obesity counselling among government PCDs in East Malaysia was modest. The best predictor of higher self-efficacy in obesity counselling is knowledge of the obesity management guidelines recommendations. A structured training program is needed to improve self-efficacy among primary care doctors.
Postgraduate Clinical Training in Malaysia: The Beginning of a New Era
Authors: Din., D.I.M.P., S.M.P., Dato' Dr. Jiffre
Published: January 2025

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Problems of child homelessness during the famine of the 1930s in Central Kazakhstan
Authors:   Karagandy University of the name of academician E.A. Buketov, Zauresh Saktaganova , Tolkynay Sakabay
Published: January 2025

In the article based on archival materials the history of child homelessness in Central Kazakhstan was exam-ined, which became widespread during the famine of the 30s of the twentieth century. The authors, studying the main causes of the spread of child homelessness in Central Kazakhstan in the 1930s, consider the main measures and methods of state power in solving the problem of child homelessness. The authors consider such measures of state power as the creation of local nutrition centers for children, provision of food and clothing, distribution of funds, as well as special attention is paid to the problems of opening orphanages and the conditions of detention of street children in them. The authors conclude that hunger was the main reason for the sharp increase in child homelessness in Central Kazakhstan in the 1930s
Saryarka in the system of economic and ethnocultural relations of the early nomads of the southern Trans–Urals
Authors:   South Ural State University (National Research University),, Tairov A.D.
Published: January 2025

In the early Saka and Sauromatian–Sarmatian times, the population of the modern Kustanai region, including Turgai, was part of the Trans–Ural horde of the ethnopothesteric association of the early nomads of the Southern Urals. The natural landscape features of the steppes of Central Eurasia determined the boundaries of the association. The Southern Trans–Urals, which include modern Kustanai and Turgai, are the eastern subre-gions of the vast Ural–Aral cultural and historical region. The nomads of this subregion bordered the nomadic tribes of Saryarka in the east, which is an independent cultural and historical region. The proximity of the populations of two cultural and historical regions contributed to the establishment and maintenance of various kinds of contacts between them. The need for copper and tin in the Trans–Ural steppes determined the eco-nomic and ethnocultural ties of the nomads of the Southern Trans–Urals and Saryarka. We can divide these connections into two periods: Early Saka (the VIII — the first half of the VI century BC) and Sauromato–Sarmatian (the second half of the VI — mid of the II century BC). The early Saka period had the closest con-nections, as evidenced by the proximity of material culture objects and the chemical composition of non–ferrous metals. In the Sauromatian–Sarmatian period, the intensity of connections sharply decreased due to changes in the ethno–political situation in the steppes of Central Eurasia. The needs of the nomads of the Southern Trans–Urals for copper and products made from it are now satisfied by the products of the Itkul center of metallurgy and metalworking. The supply routes for tin are also evolving, with Central Asian sources joining the previously established Altai sources.
History of religious policy of the Soviet power in South Kazakhstan in the 40-80s of the twentieth century
Authors:   L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Zhaksylyk Ye.Ye. , Ershahin Seyfettin ,   Ankara University
Published: January 2025

In the article the object of study was the religious policy of the Soviet power, carried out in Kazakhstan, par-ticularly in the south of the country in the 40–80 years of the twentieth century. In Kazakhstan in these years there is a tightening of anti-religious policy and intensification of anti-religious struggle. In this connection, the article focuses on the legislative basis of the religious policy of the Soviet state, forms and methods of an-ti-religious struggle, considers the religious situation and the role of Islam in the daily life of South Kazakh-stan. The authors analyze the most important direction of the state policy connected with the cessation of pil-grimage to Muslim “holy places”, bringing pilgrims and organizers of pilgrimage to responsibility, activation of scientific and atheistic work in the relevant context, refurbishment of “holy places” for economic needs, etc. The authors conclude that, despite the opposition of state authorities, the proportion of believers in the period under consideration in southern Kazakhstan was significant, the harsh course of the Soviet authorities in relation to Islam did not prevent the inhabitants of South Kazakhstan to adhere to their religious principles and national cultural values.
About the glorious history of the Muslim Board of Uzbekistan
Authors:   Karshi  State  University, Kurbonov B.G.
Published: January 2025

In Uzbekistan, religion is an integral part of the country's cultural and spiritual traditions and the basis of the spiritual maturity of the population. Today in Uzbekistan there are about 2300 religious organizations belonging to representatives of more than 130 nationalities and peoples and members of 16 religious denominations. People of different nationalities and religions live peacefully on the basis of the principle of tolerance. The government has been closely supporting the activities of each denomination. Office of Muslims of Uzbekistan is one of the most influential non-governmental non-profit organizations in Uzbekistan. Ensuring the unity of believers and Muslims, clearly and correctly conveying Islamic rules to the people, creating facilities for obedience and worship, maintaining the ideological unity of Muslims, researching the historical heritage of our ancestors, carrying out charity work, and ensuring harmony in society. These are the main areas of activity of the Office of Muslims of Uzbekistan.
Mitigating Child Exploitation and Abuse during Disasters: History, Preparedness and Policy Framework in India
Authors:   Centre for Inner Asian Studies, School of International Studies, Dutta Mondira
Published: January 2025

India has lost an estimated total of 79,732 people with 108 crores displaced as a result of 321 separate natural disasters between 2000‒2019. Together with China, this accounts for approximately 70% of the global loss during disasters. As the second-most-affected nation in the world, India suffers maximum from floods. Every year, almost 34.5 billion people in India are impacted due to an average of almost 17 floods that hit the region every year. Vulnerability of children in such situations, exacerbates their weaknesses significantly. This makes them an easy prey for abuse and exploitation. More girls than boys seem to mysteriously disappear, according to official statistics. A girl child is coerced into prostitution or domestic servitude which is more difficult to track down than in the case ofmissing boys. To safeguard the well-being and rights of children during such challenging times, the development and implementation of effective strategies and policies be-come of significance. The present paper attempts to highlight the link between disasters and exploitation of children while assessing the vulnerabilities that prevail in child exploitation during such a situation. The pa-per is mainly based on secondary sources of information. It would review and analyse the existing protection and policy framework in India from a child’s perspective. The study attempts to focus on available local or-ganizations and the role of stakeholders concerned in the implementation of the laws and policy framework. An in-depth analysis will be attempted on the collaboration between government bodies, international organi-zations, non-governmental entities, and local communities. The main objective is to spell out the mitigating factors that impact children during a disaster and developing a framework that creates a safe environment to build back better.
EDUCAÇÃO 4.0: DESAFIOS E PERSPECTIVAS PARA A APRENDIZAGEM
Authors: Vaz Douglas , Rodrigues Sandra Coimbra , Fossatti Paulo , Jung Hildegard Susana
Published: January 2025

A sociedade caminha para um novo paradigma social, no qual interagimos de novas maneiras, nos comunicamos de forma instantânea e aprendemos continuamente. Com a apropriação de diferentes tecnologias, frutos da Indústria 4.0, a educação também assume um caráter inovador frente ao modelo tradicional até então predominante. Ela envolve diferentes dimensões e sujeitos, e reflete, continuamente, as mudanças sociais, culturais e tecnológicas pelas quais passa a sociedade. Nessa perspectiva, surge a necessidade de desenvolvimento de pesquisas que visem potencializar os processos educacionais, alinhados às mudanças dos outros setores da sociedade contemporânea. A presente pesquisa tem por objetivo refletir sobre o contexto da Educação 4.0, estabelecendo uma relação dialógica com o fenômeno da Indústria 4.0 a partir da identificação da apropriação de alguns de seus elementos. O estudo adota uma metodologia de caráter qualitativo, buscando seus dados em diferentes bases de periódicos científicos. Os resultados apontam que: produtos relacionados à robótica, computação em nuvem, pensamento computacional, entre outros, que surgem no contexto da Indústria 4.0 são incorporados ao ambiente educacional como forma de dinamizar o processo de ensino e aprendizagem. No entanto, a inovação no contexto da Educação 4.0 se dá não mais pela presença de tecnologias em sala de aula, mas sim pela forma como é empregada e pela capacidade de ressignificar o processo de aprendizagem ao permitir que se contextualize nos movimentos sociais contemporâneos. Percebe-se a necessidade do constante alinhamento entre educação e sociedade, permitindo a apropriação de tecnologias, culturas e diferentes contextos no ambiente educacional contemporâneo.
QUALIDADE DOS SUCOS DE UVA ARTESANAL PRODUZIDO NA REGIÃO DO ALTO URUGUAI GAÚCHO
Authors: Venquiaruto Luciana Dornelles , Dallago Rogério Marcos , Puton Bruna Maria Saorin , Woitysiak Débora Thaís
Published: January 2025

Amostras de suco de uva artesanal produzidos e comercializados, por agricultores campesinos, foram avaliadas com o intuito de determinar a qualidade dos sucos de uva produzidos artesanalmente na Região do Alto Uruguai Gaúcho. Foram analisados os parâmetros pH, densidade, ºBrix, acidez total, teores de antocianinas, compostos fenólicos totais, vitamina C e cor objetiva. Buscou-se, ainda, verificar se os parâmetros destes sucos estão de acordo com as legislações federais vigentes. Foram coletadas dez amostras de sucos de uva artesanal, entre os meses de janeiro e março de 2023, em distintas cidades que compõem a região de estudo. As amostras foram obtidas em feiras livres ou diretamente nas propriedades rurais. Após adquiridas as mesmas foram encaminhadas para análise no laboratório de Química Ambiental, da Universidade Regional Integrada do Alto Uruguai e das Missões – URI – Campus Erechim. Os resultados para os parâmetros físico-químicos indicaram que 80% das amostras estão em conformidade na sua totalidade com a legislação vigente. Em relação aos teores de vitamina C, antocianinas e teores de compostos fenólicos todos estão em conformidade com a literatura consultada.
A RELAÇÃO ENTRE DISCURSO E MEMÓRIA HISTÓRICA
Authors: Schmidt Fabrício Leo Alves , Ayres Carlos Renê
Published: January 2025

Resumo: Este estudo tem como objetivo explorar o diálogo entre dois fundamentais conceitos na Análise do Discurso (AD) de linha francesa: a memória histórica e as relações (inter)discursivas. A proposta é compreender como a memória histórica, para além de sua natureza psicológica, é influenciada por discursos os quais moldam a identidade de uma sociedade e como esses discursos revelam continuidades e descontinuidades na trajetória histórica. Busca-se, também, elucidar o papel da memória coletiva na preservação da consciência histórica e na promoção da diversidade cultural e do respeito mútuo nas esferas sociais. Por meio da abordagem da AD, este artigo propõe analisar a memória histórica como um conjunto de discursos correlacionados, permitindo uma nova compreensão do tempo e da historicidade. A metodologia abrange uma análise crítica dos discursos os quais compõem as narrativas históricas e como esses contribuem para a construção da identidade social e cultural. Os resultados revelam que a memória histórica é um elemento dinâmico nas sociedades – influenciando a forma como os eventos passados são lembrados e transmitidos. A análise demonstra que a memória não é estática, mas, sim, continuamente moldada e remodelada por meio de discursos diversos. A discussão também aborda como os discursos históricos podem fortalecer ou marginalizar diferentes grupos e perspectivas, destacando a necessidade de uma abordagem mais inclusiva e representativa da história. O artigo conclui que a memória histórica desempenha um papel crucial na formação da identidade social e cultural.
ENTRE DESAFIOS E DESIGUALDADES
Authors: Conte Elaine , Santos Raquel Amélia dos , Mira Ane Patricia Viana José de , Santos Deivid de Souza
Published: January 2025

Este artigo mergulha nas complexidades da formação e do trabalho pedagógico, explorando a subalternização histórica dos professores da educação básica no Brasil. Ao abordar os desafios enfrentados por professores e pesquisadores no Brasil que atuam na educação básica, com base nas ideias de Florestan Fernandes, torna-se essencial contemplar a complexidade das interações sociais, econômicas e políticas que permeiam o sistema educacional do país. Buscando responder à pergunta central sobre as dificuldades de ser professor e pesquisador nesse contexto, a pesquisa adota uma abordagem hermenêutica para desvendar as dimensões culturais e fronteiras que delineiam essa experiência atualmente. Tendo a curiosidade epistemológica como guia, o estudo revela os desafios intrínsecos ao trabalho docente, destacando as entrelinhas dos processos formativos e enfatizando a pesquisa como princípio científico e educativo. Ao examinar os impasses enfrentados por professores e pesquisadores, especialmente no estudo das desigualdades sociais, concluímos que persistem desafios irreconciliáveis, incluindo desigualdade estrutural, a necessidade urgente de uma formação política sólida para os professores e condições de trabalho precárias. Estes fatores mobilizam os profissionais da educação para (re)existir à marginação persistente dos professores ao longo da história da educação no Brasil.
CARACTERIZAÇÃO DE UNIDADES DE ALIMENTAÇÃO E NUTRIÇÃO (UAN) NO ÂMBITO DO PROGRAMA DE ALIMENTAÇÃO DO TRABALHADOR (PAT)
Authors: Finger Amanda Ramires , Zanchim Maria Cristina , Hartmann Valéria , Gris Cintia Cassia Tonieto
Published: January 2025

O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar a caracterização de Unidades de Alimentação e Nutrição (UAN) no âmbito do Programa de Alimentação do Trabalhador (PAT), os recursos humanos, a qualidade e per capita dos cardápios. Trata-se de um estudo de caráter quantitativo e qualitativo, onde participaram da pesquisa três Unidades de Alimentação e Nutrição do interior do estado do Rio Grande do Sul. A coleta de dados ocorreu “in loco” entre os meses de maio a julho de 2023. Para isso, utilizou-se indicadores de avaliação de desempenho dos recursos humanos, o método de Avaliação Qualitativa das Preparações do Cardápio (AQPC) e parâmetros da literatura para os valores per capita. Os resultados alcançados através da avaliação de RH evidenciaram bom desempenho dos colaboradores. Por meio da avaliação dos cardápios verificou-se oferta diária de frutas, vegetais folhosos, doces e a presença de monotonia de cores e alimentos ricos em enxofre, além de constatar baixa oferta de carnes gordurosas e frituras. Já em relação aos valores per capita apontou-se que os mesmos se encontram muito próximos aos parâmetros de referência. Conclui-se que todas as Unidades de Alimentação e Nutrição apresentaram aspectos positivos e negativos a serem melhorados, visto a importância de uma alimentação que atenda as preferências do trabalhador, mas que não esqueça dos aspectos nutricionais recomendados pelo PAT, que tem como objetivo criar condições favoráveis para o desempenho do trabalho.