bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Rex Malcolm Chaplin Dawson. 3 June 1924—29 March 2021
Authors: Irvine FRS Robin
Published: March 2023

Rex Dawson was a biochemist whose research interests were wide and many, but almost all of them focused on phospholipids. He was fascinated by their metabolism; by the metabolism of their catabolites; by their structure and how this impacted on the phospholipases that degrade them; by the way in which cells synthesize and transport them; by how one group of phospholipids, the phosphoinositides, contribute to cell function; by how rumen bacteria saturate the fatty acids that are part of phospholipids and how these bacteria use remarkable tricks of lipid biochemistry to maintain their membrane integrity. To all these aspects, and others, he made fundamental contributions to our knowledge that, taken together, transformed the way we understand how phospholipids govern membrane biology. As publications secretary to the Biochemical Society he helped the society through a critical time of its existence. He never ran a large research group, preferring to work with his faithful technicians and one or two visitors or students at a time. Most who met him found his quiet and modest demeanour hid an insatiable curiosity and enthusiasm for science; those who really knew his work stood in awe of his achievements.
MRPS36 provides a structural link in the eukaryotic 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase complex
Authors: Hevler Johannes F. , Albanese Pascal , Cabrera-Orefice Alfredo , Potter Alisa , Jankevics Andris , Misic Jelena , Scheltema Richard A. , Brandt Ulrich , Arnold Susanne , Heck Albert J. R.
Published: March 2023

The tricarboxylic acid cycle is the central pathway of energy production in eukaryotic cells and plays a key part in aerobic respiration throughout all kingdoms of life. One of the pivotal enzymes in this cycle is 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase complex (OGDHC), which generates NADH by oxidative decarboxylation of 2-oxoglutarate to succinyl-CoA. OGDHC is a megadalton protein complex originally thought to be assembled from three catalytically active subunits (E1o, E2o, E3). In fungi and animals, however, the protein MRPS36 has more recently been proposed as a putative additional component. Based on extensive cross-linking mass spectrometry data supported by phylogenetic analyses, we provide evidence that MRPS36 is an important member of the eukaryotic OGDHC, with no prokaryotic orthologues. Comparative sequence analysis and computational structure predictions reveal that, in contrast with bacteria and archaea, eukaryotic E2o does not contain the peripheral subunit-binding domain (PSBD), for which we propose that MRPS36 evolved as an E3 adaptor protein, functionally replacing the PSBD. We further provide a refined structural model of the complete eukaryotic OGDHC of approximately 3.45 MDa with novel mechanistic insights.
Mixed cumulative probit: a multivariate generalization of transition analysis that accommodates variation in the shape, spread and structure of data
Authors: Stull Kyra E. , Chu Elaine Y. , Corron Louise K. , Price Michael H.
Published: March 2023

Biological data are frequently nonlinear, heteroscedastic and conditionally dependent, and often researchers deal with missing data. To account for characteristics common in biological data in one algorithm, we developed the mixed cumulative probit (MCP), a novel latent trait model that is a formal generalization of the cumulative probit model usually used in transition analysis. Specifically, the MCP accommodates heteroscedasticity, mixtures of ordinal and continuous variables, missing values, conditional dependence and alternative specifications of the mean response and noise response. Cross-validation selects the best model parameters (mean response and the noise response for simple models, as well as conditional dependence for multivariate models), and the Kullback–Leibler divergence evaluates information gain during posterior inference to quantify mis-specified models (conditionally dependent versus conditionally independent). Two continuous and four ordinal skeletal and dental variables collected from 1296 individuals (aged birth to 22 years) from the Subadult Virtual Anthropology Database are used to introduce and demonstrate the algorithm. In addition to describing the features of the MCP, we provide material to help fit novel datasets using the MCP. The flexible, general formulation with model selection provides a process to robustly identify the modelling assumptions that are best suited for the data at hand.
Technical efficiency and its determinants of handloom micro-enterprises in the Indian state of Assam: a two-stage double-bootstrap DEA approach
Authors: Dey Bijoy Kumar , Das Gurudas , Paul Ujjwal Kanti
Published: March 2023

Purpose

This paper aims to estimate the technical efficiency (TE) and its determinants in the handloom micro-enterprises of Assam (India) using the double-bootstrap data envelopment analysis (DEA) technique.

Design/methodology/approach

The study uses a random sample of 340 handloom micro-entrepreneurs from the three districts of Assam in India. The double-bootstrap DEA was used to calculate the TE and its determinants.

Findings

The findings reveal that handloom enterprises are only 60% technically efficient, suggesting room for improvement. The bootstrap truncated regression results demonstrate that the handloom firms’ TE is influenced by both entrepreneur-specific and firm-specific factors.

Practical implications

The implication lies in the fact that the management of a firm may figure out how much it can reduce its input utilization to produce the existing amount of output so that it can move along the TE ladder. Moreover, it can crosscheck the factors to weed out inefficiency.

Originality/value

This paper has made two significant contributions to the extant literature. Firstly, it fills the gap by way of accounting the TE of handloom micro-enterprises, which has so far been neglected. Secondly, it used the bootstrap approach, which otherwise is very rare in the discourse on the Indian manufacturing industry, let alone in the micro, small and medium scale enterprises sector.
Adoption of Islamic Fintech in lending services through prediction of behavioural intention
Authors: Alsmadi Ayman Abdalmajeed , Aalrawashdeh Najed , Al-Gasaymeh Anwar , Al_hazimeh Amer Moh'd , Alhawamdeh Loai
Published: March 2023

Purpose

This study aims to provide a better comprehension of the behavioural intentions that influence the adoption of Islamic financial technology (Fintech) in Malaysia for two kinds of Islamic lending Fintech services, which are crowdfunding and peer-to-peer (P2P) lending.

Design/methodology/approach

From May to July 2022 the primary data were collected by using a questionnaire distributed online to survey 437 Islamic Fintech clients in Malaysia. Structural equation modelling has been used to analyse the data based on using the partial least squares approach.

Findings

The findings of this paper shows that planned behaviour, acceptance model and technology's use models are positively impacting factors that influence customers' opinions on adapting Islamic Fintech services in lending. The acceptance model was found to exert a negative impact on the intention to adopt Islamic lending P2P Fintech service. In addition, technology's use has a negative impact on the intention to adopt Islamic lending crowdfunding Fintech service.

Research limitations/implications

First, the study is limited to Islamic Fintech customers in Malaysia only, second, the study adopted an online survey but there is no guarantee that the geography area was fully covered. Another limitation is that the study covers only Islamic Fintech services in lending, thus the study did not attend to variables such as religiosity and the authors believe that this will provide useful insights for future research.

Originality/value

Despite the importance of this topic, there has been a lack of empirical evidence until now. In this paper, the authors take stock of the empirical evidence in the literature through the importance of the adoption Fintech. This study provides a broad view of the market potentials for Fintech providers from the demand side on a wide range of Islamic Fintech services rather than focussing only on payment, transfer, etc. as presented in previous studies.
Exploring the prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder among health-care workers during the COVID-19 pandemic: findings from a survey applied on a Portuguese general hospital
Authors: Paulino Ferreira Luís , Ribeiro Nuno Filipe , Duarte Marco António
Published: March 2023

Purpose

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is associated with risk of suicide and chronic psychological impairment. The continued exposure to stress suffered by health-care workers (HCWs) during the COVID-19 pandemic can be considered a mass traumatic event and contribute to higher rates of PTSD in this population. The purpose of this research is to find out the prevalence and factors associated with PTSD among HCW in a general hospital.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors devised a survey to assess the prevalence of PTSD among HCWs in a general hospital and its relationship with sex, social support, profession, work experience in health care, time spent caring for COVID-19 patients and place in which the COVID-19-related activities were carried out. PTSD symptoms were assessed using the PCL-5, Portuguese version.

Findings

A total of 226 HCWs were included in the study. Provisional diagnosis of PTSD was made based on the PCL-5 responses, considering DSM-5 criteria and the cutoff score of 33. In total, 79 (35.0%) HCWs had a provisional diagnosis of PTSD, and a significant association was found between PTSD and time spent working with COVID-19 patients and between PTSD and place of work, namely, the COVID-19 emergency room and intensive care unit.

Originality/value

The results highlight the need for a reflection on the importance of mental health promotion among HCWs, specially in adverse conditions such as the current pandemic.
Aged care accommodation pricing options and the profitability of aged care facilities
Authors: Fahey Adam , Gholipour Hassan F. , Yam Sharon , Razali Muhammad Najib
Published: March 2023

Purpose

This study investigates the relationship between aged care accommodation pricing options (refundable accommodation deposits (RADs), daily accommodation payment (DAPs) and concessional) and the profitability of aged care facilities.

Design/methodology/approach

Data are obtained from 33 aged care facilities across New South Wales in Australia. This study uses multivariate regression for analyses.

Findings

The estimation results suggest that higher level of RADs has a negative and significant relationship with profitability of aged care facilities. The authors also find that concessional pricing option is positively associated with higher profitability.

Originality/value

These findings may benefit aged care operators by reviewing their strategies and portfolios to enhance their financial performance. The results are also useful to the Australian Government to further explore how the removal of RADs may transform the aged care sector's profitability.
A unified calibration method of 3D laser profile measurement with different of laser-line lengths
Authors: Wu Xiaojun , Liu Bo , Li Peng , Liu Yunhui
Published: March 2023

Purpose

Existing calibration methods mainly focus on the camera laser-plane calibration of a single laser-line length, which is not convenient and cannot guarantee the consistency of the results when several three-dimensional (3D) scanners are involved. Thus, this study aims to provide a unified step for different laser-line length calibration requirements for laser profile measurement (LPM) systems.

Design/methodology/approach

3D LPM is the process of converting physical objects into 3D digital models, wherein camera laser-plane calibration is critical for ensuring system precision. However, conventional calibration methods for 3D LPM typically use a calibration target to calibrate the system for a single laser-line length, which needs multiple calibration patterns and makes the procedure complicated. In this paper, a unified calibration method was proposed to automatically calibrate the camera laser-plane parameters for the LPM systems with different laser-line lengths. The authors designed an elaborate planar calibration target with different-sized rings that mounted on a motorized linear platform to calculate the laser-plane parameters of the LPM systems. Then, the camera coordinates of the control points are obtained using the intersection line between the laser line and the planar target. With a new proposed error correction model, the errors caused by hardware assembly can be corrected. To validate the proposed method, three LPM devices with different laser-line lengths are used to verify the proposed system. Experimental results show that the proposed method can calibrate the LPM systems with different laser-line lengths conveniently with standard steps.

Findings

The repeatability and accuracy of the proposed calibration prototypes were evaluated with high-precision workpieces. The experiments have shown that the proposed method is highly adaptive and can automatically calibrate the LPM system with different laser-line lengths with high accuracy.

Research limitations/implications

In the repeatability experiments, there were errors in the measured heights of the test workpieces, and this is because the laser emitter had the best working distance and laser-line length.

Practical implications

By using this proposed method and device, the calibration of the 3D scanning laser device can be done in an automatic way.

Social implications

The calibration efficiency of a laser camera device is increased.

Originality/value

The authors proposed a unified calibration method for LPM systems with different laser-line lengths that consist of a motorized linear joint and a calibration target with elaborately designed ring patterns; the authors realized the automatic parameter calibration.
A rapid method for measuring ATP + ADP + AMP in marine sediment
Authors: Orsi William D.
Published: March 2023

In this report, I describe a method for rapid measurement of total adenylate (ATP + ADP + AMP) in marine sediment samples for estimating microbial biomass. A simple ‘boil and dilute’ method is described here, whereby adding boiled MilliQ water to sediments increases the detection limit for ATP + ADP + AMP up to 100‐fold. The lowered detection limit of this method enabled the detection ATP + ADP + AMP in relatively low‐biomass sub‐seafloor sediment cores with 104 16S rRNA gene copies per gram. Concentrations of ATP + ADP + AMP correlated with 16S rRNA gene concentrations from bacteria and archaea across six different sites that range in water depth from 1 to 6000 m indicating that the ATP + ADP + AMP method can be used as an additional biomass proxy. In deep sea microbial communities, the ratio of ATP + ADP + AMP concentrations to 16S rRNA genes >1 m below seafloor was significantly lower compared to communities in the upper 30 cm of sediment, which may be due to reduced cell sizes and or lower ATP + ADP + AMP concentrations per cell in the deep sea sub‐seafloor biosphere. The boil and dilute method for ATP + ADP + AMP is demonstrated here to have a detection limit sufficient for measuring low biomass communities from deep sea sub‐seafloor cores. The method can be applied to frozen samples, enabling measurements of ATP + ADP + AMP from frozen sediment cores stored in core repositories from past and future international drilling campaigns.
Analysis of tax effort in WAEMU: How important are institutional/administrative reforms?
Authors: Diabaté Nahoussé , Koffi Mounoufié V.
Published: March 2023

This paper examines, in depth, the hypotheses explaining the tax effort of seven West African Economic and Monetary Union (WAEMU) countries over the period 1996–2018. The studies of Karakaplan and Kutlu were applied to the stochastic tax frontier model. This provides a new method for analyzing tax effort that solves potential endogeneity problems, especially those of income. This study confirms the positive impact of income, trade openness, urbanization, government capital spending and anticorruption on tax revenue mobilization, while the size of the agricultural sector has a negative impact on tax revenue. On the other hand, reforms of tax institutions have no effect on tax effort. The average tax revenue of the countries of the WAEMU is 11.34 and the average tax effort is estimated at 0.7901 over the period 1996–2018. Thus, these countries could achieve a tax revenue to GDP ratio of 13.72% if they fully exploit their potential.
A genome‐wide association study for eumelanin pigmentation in chicken plumage using a computer vision approach
Authors: Heo Seonyeong , Cho Sunghyun , Dinh Phuong Thanh Ngoc , Park Jongho , Jin Dae‐Hyeok , Cha Jihye , Kim Young‐Kuk , Koh Yeong Jun , Lee Seung Hwan , Lee Jun Heon
Published: March 2023

Chicken plumage colouration is an important trait related to productivity in poultry industry. Therefore, the genetic basis for pigmentation in chicken plumage is an area of great interest. However, the colour trait is generally regarded as a qualitative trait and representing colour variations is difficult. In this study, we developed a method to quantify and classify colour using an F2 population crossed from two pure lines: White Leghorn and the Korean indigenous breed Yeonsan Ogye. Using red, green, and blue values in the cropped body region, we identified significant genomic regions on chromosomes 33:3 160 480–7 447 197 and Z:78 748 287–79 173 793. Furthermore, we identified two potential candidate genes (PMEL and MTAP) that might have significant effects on melanin‐based plumage pigmentation. Our study presents a new phenotyping method using a computer vision approach and provides new insights into the genetic basis of melanin‐based feather colouration in chickens.
Influence of EGFR mutation status and PD‐L1 expression in stage III unresectable non‐small cell lung cancer treated with chemoradiation and consolidation durvalumab
Authors: Nindra Udit , Shahnam Adel , Stevens Samuel , Pal Abhijit , Nagrial Adnan , Lee Jenny , Yip Po Yee , Adam Tamiem , Boyer Michael , Kao Steven , Bray Victoria
Published: March 2023

Background

Consolidation durvalumab after concurrent chemoradiation is the standard of care for unresectable stage III non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) based on the PACIFIC trial. However, there have been reports in the literature suggesting the efficacy of the treatment differs in patients whose tumors harbor epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations and in those with low programed death ligand‐1 (PD‐L1) expression. This study describes the survival outcomes for patients with unresectable stage III NSCLC treated with chemoradiation followed by durvalumab with a specific focus on EGFR mutation status and PD‐L1 expression.

Methods

This retrospective observational study was conducted across six sites in Greater Sydney, Australia. It included all patients diagnosed with unresectable stage III NSCLC treated with chemoradiation and who received at least one cycle of durvalumab between January 2018 and September 2021. Patients were stratified according to EGFR mutation status and PD‐L1 tumor proportion score (TPS) of 1%.

Results

Of the 145 patients included in the analysis, 15/145 (10%) patients harbored an EGFR mutation and 61/145 (42%) patients had PD‐L1 TPS of <1%. At a median follow‐up of 15.1 months from the start of durvalumab, median progression‐free survival (PFS) in EGFR mutant versus wild‐type patients was 7.5 and 33.9 months, respectively (hazard ratio [HR]: 2.7; 95% confidence intervals [95% CI] 1.2–5.7; p = .01). Overall survival (OS) was not different between EGFR mutant and wild‐type patients. There was no statistically significant difference in PFS (HR .7, 95% CI .4–1.7, p = .43) or OS (HR .5, 95% CI .4–4.7, p = .16) between patients with PD‐L1 TPS of <1% versus PD‐L1 TPS of ≥1%.

Conclusions

Our data adds to the growing evidence that suggests consolidation durvalumab after definitive chemoradiation may not be as efficacious in patients with EGFR‐mutant tumors compared with EGFR wild‐type NSCLC.
Exemptions from Compulsory Income Management: A Short “History of the Present”
Authors: Newitt Robyn , Weber Leanne , Maher Sara
Published: March 2023

The historical study of exemptions has focused on escape from protectionist policies designed to control and monitor Aboriginal people in Australia — restricting their freedom of movement, intruding into their family life, and reducing their ability to participate on equal terms in the labour force. In this paper, we consider a contemporary policy — income management — which primarily restricts the freedom to dispose of personal income and has targeted Aboriginal people and communities, both directly and indirectly. Provisions for individual exemptions have been incorporated inconsistently within the many iterations of income management, and Aboriginal people are significantly less likely than others to be granted an exit from this form of financial control. The study reported here is an example of mixed‐methods social research, rather than an historiography. We use techniques of historical comparison to illuminate contemporary practices and identify the ongoing influence of settler‐colonial governance in the lives of Aboriginal people.
Breast cancer care and surgery in Australia and New Zealand: compliance of the BreastSurgANZ quality audit with international standards
Authors: Duffield Jaime A. , Blanch Adam J. , Bochner Melissa A.
Published: March 2023

Background

The Breast Surgeons of Australia and New Zealand (BreastSurgANZ) Quality Audit (BQA) of Breast Cancer Care is a prospective population‐based database designed for annual audit of compliance with internally derived Quality Indicators (QI)s. While there is no international consensus for QIs, audit against an external international benchmark is possible through use of QIs defined by the 2017 European Society of Breast Cancer Specialists (EUSOMA) Guidelines.

Methods

BQA data from 29,088 female patients between 1/1/2018 and 31/12/2019 were stratified by the EUSOMA definition of low‐volume hospitals (LVH <150 patients p.a.) and high‐volume hospitals (HVH ≥150 patients p.a.), and percentage compliance (±95% CI) with 14 mandatory EUSOMA QI sub‐parts were determined.

Results

ANZ LVH met the quality threshold for 10, and HVH for 8 EUSOMA QI that assessed MDT, surgical approach, adjuvant radiotherapy in the LVH setting, avoidance of overtreatment, and use of endocrine therapy. ANZ did not meet the quality thresholds for QIs assessing use of neoadjuvant chemotherapy, and adjuvant radiotherapy in the HVH setting.

Conclusion

Breast cancer care in ANZ is comparable with an international standard. ANZ surgeons performed at a high standard in discussion of breast cancer patients by MDT, and appropriate use of adjuvant radiotherapy by LVH. Improvements can be made in completeness of data capture, and inclusion of genetic syndrome and Ki67% in data collection. Due to the rapid evolution of breast cancer treatments, there is need for contemporary update of QI relating to the use of neoadjuvant systemic therapies.
Testing the Social Function of Metacognition for Common‐Pool Resource Use
Authors: Fischer Helen , Wijermans Nanda , Schlüter Maja
Published: March 2023

Metacognition, the ability to monitor and evaluate our own cognitive processes, confers advantages to individuals and their own judgment. A more recent hypothesis, however, states that explicit metacognition may also enhance the collective judgment of groups, and may enhance human collaboration and coordination. Here, we investigate this social function hypothesis of metacognition with arguably one of the oldest collaboration problems humans face, common‐pool resource use. Using an agent‐based model that simulates repeated group interactions and the forming of collective judgments about resource extraction, we show that (1) in “kind” environments (where confidence and judgment accuracy correlate positively), explicit metacognition may allow groups to reach more accurate judgments compared to groups exchanging object‐level information only; while (2) in “wicked” environments (where confidence and judgment accuracy correlate negatively), explicit metacognition may protect groups from the large judgment errors yielded by groups using metacognitive information for individual‐level learning only (implicit metacognition). With explicit metacognition, this research highlights a novel mechanism which, among others, provides a testable explanation of the often‐observed finding that groups all over the world communicate to enhance common property use.
The utility of machine learning for predicting donor discard in abdominal transplantation
Authors: Pettit Rowland W. , Marlatt Britton B. , Miles Travis J. , Uzgoren Selim , Corr Stuart J. , Shetty Anil , Havelka Jim , Rana Abbas
Published: March 2023

Background

Increasing access and better allocation of organs in the field of transplantation is a critical problem in clinical care. Limitations exist in accurately predicting allograft discard. Potential exists for machine learning to provide a balanced assessment of the potential for an organ to be used in a transplantation procedure.

Methods

We accessed and utilized all available deceased donor United Network for Organ Sharing data from 1987 to 2020. With these data, we evaluated the performance of multiple machine learning methods for predicting organ use. The machine learning methods trialed included XGBoost, random forest, Naïve Bayes (NB), logistic regression, and fully connected feedforward neural network classifier methods. The top two methods, XGBoost and random forest, were fully developed using 10‐fold cross‐validation and Bayesian optimization of hyperparameters.

Results

The top performing model at predicting liver organ use was an XGBoost model which achieved an AUC‐ROC of .925, an AUC‐PR of .868, and an F1 statistic of .756. The top performing model for predicting kidney organ use classification was an XGBoost model which achieved an AUC‐ROC of .952, and AUC‐PR of .883, and an F1 statistic of .786.

Conclusions

The XGBoost method demonstrated a significant improvement in predicting donor allograft discard for both kidney and livers in solid organ transplantation procedures. Machine learning methods are well suited to be incorporated into the clinical workflow; they can provide robust quantitative predictions and meaningful data insights for clinician consideration and transplantation decision‐making.
Identification and characterization of sperm motility‐initiating substance‐2 gene in internally fertilizing Cynops species
Authors: Furukawa Haruka , Mito Shinya , Nishio Jun , Sato Nozomi , Ando Yoshihiro , Tominaga Atsushi , Toyama Fubito , Nakauchi Yuni , Takayama‐Watanabe Eriko , Watanabe Akihiko
Published: March 2023

Sperm motility‐initiating substance (SMIS) is an oviductal protein critical for internal fertilization in urodeles. It contributes to the establishment of various reproductive modes in amphibians and is thus a unique research model for the gene evolution of gamete‐recognizing ligands that have diversified among animal species. In this study, a paralogous SMIS gene, smis2, was identified via the RNA sequencing of the oviduct of the newt, Cynops pyrrhogaster. The base sequence of the smis2 gene was homologous (˃90%) to that of the original smis gene (smis1), and deduced amino acid sequences of both genes conserved six cysteine residues essential for the cysteine knot motif. Furthermore, smis2 complementary DNA was identified in the oviduct of Cynops ensicauda, and the base substitution patterns also suggested that the smis gene was duplicated in the Salamandridae. Nonsynonymous/synonymous substitution ratios of smis1 and smis2 genes were 0.79 and 2.6, respectively, suggesting that smis2 gene evolution was independently driven by positive selection. Amino acid substitutions were concentrated in the cysteine knot motif of SMIS2. The smis2 gene was expressed in some organs in addition to the oviduct; in contrast, SMIS1 was only expressed in the oviduct. The SMIS2 protein was suggested to be produced and secreted at least in the oviduct and redundantly act in sperm. These results suggest that smis1 plays the original role in the oviduct, whereas smis2 may undergo neofunctionalization, which rarely occurs in gene evolution.
COVID‐19 associated ketosis and diabetic ketoacidosis: A rapid review
Authors: Alamuri Tharun T. , Mahesh Sandhya , Dell'Aquila Kevin , Leong Taylor Jan , Jennings Rebecca , Duong Tim Q.
Published: March 2023

SARS‐CoV‐2 infection could disrupt the endocrine system directly or indirectly, which could result in endocrine dysfunction and glycaemic dysregulation, triggering transient or persistent diabetes mellitus. The literature on the complex relationship between COVID‐19 and endocrine dysfunctions is still evolving and remains incompletely understood. Thus, we conducted a review on all literature to date involving COVID‐19 associated ketosis or diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). In total, 27 publications were included and analysed quantitatively and qualitatively. Studies included patients with DKA with existing or new onset diabetes. While the number of case and cohort studies was limited, DKA in the setting of COVID‐19 seemed to increase risk of death, particularly in patients with new onset diabetes. Future studies with more specific variables and larger sample sizes are needed to draw better conclusions.
Dental trauma education among Canadian dental schools: A Nationwide survey of dental trauma educators
Authors: Kiani Zanib , Abbott Paul V. , Levin Liran
Published: March 2023

Background/Aim

The extent of education regarding dental trauma within dental schools around the world is believed to be very diverse, but also largely unknown. The aim of this study was to analyze and depict the current curriculum regarding dental trauma education among all Canadian dental schools, in an effort to refine and consolidate the education system.

Methods

A survey was conducted over a scheduled meeting with dental trauma Instructors from all 10 dental schools in Canada. Questions were categorized into three sections investigating the dental trauma curriculum, the examinations/assessments of students, and the clinical exposure provided to students during the course of their dental studies. Data were first analyzed individually, and then common findings were grouped together.

Results

A total of 17 instructors were interviewed. In 9 out of the 10 universities, dental trauma education remains fragmented with an overall mean of only 4 ± 5.2 h allocated to teaching dental trauma throughout the dental courses. Only one single university reported testing students following the completion of their dental trauma course, and only one university conducted a final examination dedicated separately to dental trauma only. All instructors reported a lack of ample exposure to trauma cases during clinical rotations.

Conclusions

Many deficiencies exist in teaching dental trauma among Canadian universities. Due to low clinical exposure, students might be under‐prepared to clinically manage trauma cases. Also, the lack of unification in the curriculum creates confusion among students. Additional clinical exposure along with unification within, and between, dental schools could result in a more coherent and a better presented dental trauma curriculum.
Changing patterns of nest predation and predator communities along a tropical elevation gradient
Authors: Londoño Gustavo A. , Gomez Juan Pablo , Sánchez‐Martínez Manuel A. , Levey Douglas J. , Robinson Scott K.
Published: March 2023

Tropical montane communities host the world's highest beta diversity of birds, a phenomenon usually attributed to community turnover caused by changes in biotic and abiotic factors along elevation gradients. Yet, empirical data on most biotic factors are lacking. Nest predation is thought to be especially important because it appears to be common and can change selective pressures underlying life history traits, which can alter competitive interactions. We monitored 2538 nests, 338 of which had known nest predators, to evaluate if nest predation changes along a tropical elevational gradient. We found that nest predation decreased with elevation, reflecting the loss of lowland predators that do not tolerate colder climates. We found different “super” nest predators at each elevation that accounted for a high percentage of events, suggesting that selection pressures exerted by nest predator communities may be less diffuse than has been hypothesized, at least for birds nesting in the understory.
Neural cell adhesion molecule 1 is a cellular target engaged plasma biomarker in demyelinating Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease
Authors: Kim Young Hee , Yoon Byeol‐A , Jo Young Rae , Nam Soo Hyun , Kim Nam Hee , Kim Kyoung Hee , Kim Jong Kuk , Choi Byung‐Ok , Park Hwan Tae
Published: March 2023

Background and purpose

Elevated plasma concentrations of neural cell adhesion molecule 1 (NCAM1) and p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75) in patients with peripheral neuropathy have been reported. This study aimed to determine the specificity of plasma concentration elevation of either NCAM1 or p75 in a subtype of Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease (CMT) and its correlation with pathologic nerve status and disease severity.

Methods

Blood samples were collected from 138 patients with inherited peripheral neuropathy and 51 healthy controls. Disease severity was measured using Charcot–Marie–Tooth Neuropathy Score version 2 (CMTNSv2), and plasma concentrations of NCAM1 and p75 were analyzed by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Eight sural nerves from CMT patients were examined to determine the relation of histopathology and plasma NCAM1 levels.

Results

Plasma concentration of NCAM1, but not p75, was specifically increased in demyelinating subtypes of CMT (median = 7100 pg/mL, p < 0.001), including CMT1A, but not in axonal subtype (5964 pg/mL, p > 0.05), compared to the control (3859 pg/mL). CMT1A patients with mild or moderate severity (CMTNSv2 < 20) showed higher levels of plasma NCAM1 than healthy controls. Immunofluorescent NCAM1 staining for the sural nerves of CMT patients showed that NCAM1‐positive onion bulb cells and possible demyelinating Schwann cells might be associated with the specific increase of plasma NCAM1 in demyelinating CMT.

Conclusions

The plasma NCAM1 levels in demyelinating CMT might be a surrogate biomarker reflecting pathological Schwann cell status and disease progression.
Gender differences in the association between malocclusion traits and oral health‐related quality of life in Finnish adults
Authors: Rantavuori Kari , Silvola Anna‐Sofia , Suominen Auli , Masood Mohd , Suominen Anna Liisa , Lahti Satu
Published: March 2023

We aimed to evaluate the gender‐specific associations of malocclusion traits with oral health‐related quality of life (OHRQoL) among Finnish adults. Data were obtained from the Health 2000 Survey, Finland. Included participants (n = 3993) were ≥30 years old with OHRQoL and occlusion data. OHRQoL was measured using the 14‐item Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP‐14). OHIP‐14 severity mean score, prevalence of impacts, and means of seven dimensions were outcomes. Explanatory variables were any malocclusion trait, increased overjet, negative overjet, open bite, deep bite, and crossbite/scissor bite. Logistic (prevalence) and cumulative (severity) regression models were adjusted for age, decayed teeth, deep periodontal pocket, occluding pairs, orthodontic treatment, and self‐perceived health. Gender modified the association between any malocclusion trait and OHRQoL, with the association being stronger in females. Females without any malocclusion trait (OR = 1.62, 95% CI = 1.14–2.28) or without crossbite/scissor bite (OR = 1.68, 95% CI = 1.16–2.43) had better OHRQoL (lower prevalence) than those with malocclusions. Males without increased overjet (OR 1.50, 95% CI = 1.04–2.17) had lower mean OHIP‐14 severity score than males with increased overjet, after adjustments. The association between psychological and physical disability and malocclusion traits was different between males and females. Gender differences in the impact of malocclusion traits should be considered when assessing orthodontic treatment need.
Human activity recognition based on multi‐instance learning
Authors: Bagci Das Duygu , Birant Derya
Published: March 2023

Human activity recognition (HAR) is the process of classifying a person's actions, and it is an essential task for many human‐centered applications. Multi‐instance learning (MIL) is a special case of machine learning where the training examples are bags containing many instances, and a single class label is assigned for an entire bag of instances. In this study, we integrated these two concepts by introducing a novel approach: “human activity recognition based on multi‐instance learning”, called HAR‐MIL. Unlike previous studies, the proposed HAR‐MIL method represents human activities differently: as a bag of various wearable sensors (gyroscope, magnetometer, accelerometer, and linear acceleration). HAR‐MIL presents an applicable and flexible model by providing multi‐instance representation and eliminating the restrictions of traditional single‐instance representation. Therefore, the adverse effects of missing data, defective sensors, and biased measurement on activity classification performance were minimized. This study is the first to investigate the performance of two MIL algorithms (SimpleMI and MIWrapper) on HAR. In this study, we explored the effect of four main factors (sensor positions, sensor types, base learners, and single or multiple participants) on the multi‐instance representation of relevant human daily activities. The effectiveness of the proposed HAR‐MIL method was demonstrated on 50 participant‐based and sensor‐position‐based activity recognition datasets. The experimental results showed that HAR‐MIL is effective for wearable sensor‐based HAR with high classification accuracy (99.32%). Furthermore, the results showed that the proposed method outperformed the state‐of‐the‐art methods by 10% on average on the same dataset.
Cellular senescence and developmental defects
Authors: Klein Annabelle , Rhinn Muriel , Keyes William M.
Published: March 2023

Cellular senescence is a distinct state that is frequently induced in response to ageing and stress. Yet studies have also uncovered beneficial functions in development, repair and regeneration. Current opinion therefore suggests that timely and controlled induction of senescence can be beneficial, while misregulation of the senescence program, either through mis‐timed activation, or chronic accumulation of senescent cells, contributes to many disease states and the ageing process. Whether atypical activation of senescence plays a role in the pathogenesis of developmental defects has been relatively underexplored. Here, we discuss three recent studies that implicate ectopic senescence in neurodevelopmental defects, with possible causative roles for senescence in these birth defects. In addition, we highlight how the examination of senescence in other birth defects is warranted, and speculate that aberrantly activated senescence may play a much broader role in developmental defects than currently appreciated.
Cross‐national consumer research using structural topic modelling: Consumers' approach‐avoidance behaviours
Authors: Jung Minji , Lee Yu Lim , Chung Jae‐Eun
Published: March 2023

This study introduces structural topic modelling (STM), a sophisticated unsupervised machine‐learning algorithm for text analysis, to compare Indonesian and Malaysian Muslim consumers' approach‐avoidance behaviours toward Korean beauty products using social media data. The STM results revealed 16 topics for each country, including new common themes belonging to K‐beauty culture and wannabe Korean skin. Intriguing differences were also observed between these countries. Korea‐related constructs, such as Korea's image and wannabe Korean skin, were approach factors for only Indonesians. Korean cosmetic brand‐specific topics were extracted for only Malaysians and were significantly associated with their behavioural responses. Unsuitable Korean beauty products and domestic product preferences were avoidance factors for Indonesians, but new product risks and conflicts between Muslim and Korean cultures for Malaysians. We demonstrate that STM is a helpful tool in cross‐national research for corroborating and extending the existing theoretical frameworks. The practical implications are also provided for global marketers.
Historical meaning of post‐Fukushima social movements: Crisis in hegemony in postwar Japan and prefigurative politics in the 2010s
Authors: Kinoshita Chigaya
Published: March 2023

Since the Great East Japan Earthquake in March 2011 and the nuclear power plant accident, a number of movements have emerged in Japanese society, including the anti‐nuclear power movement and others with a variety of agendas. The social movements of the 2010s in Japan have expanded along with the spread of social networking services and have brought together a new class of people who are different from those of the established movements. This article will compare and examine the social movements of the 2010s with those of the past, as well as the function they played in the social structure. In the early 2020s, a structural crisis in the political and economic foundations of postwar Japan has become apparent. The Japanese social movements of the 2010s were movements that pressed for the transformation of the old social system as well as the transformation of the old anti‐system movements. Thus, this movement had the distinction of prefiguring a fundamental shift in the confrontational frame of reference between conservatism and progressivism that had shaped postwar Japan. This article will discuss the historical significance of the Japanese social movements of the 2010s in light of the structural factors behind the decline of the social base of both conservative and progressive forces.
Resilience and mental health nursing: An integrative review of updated evidence
Authors: Bui Minh Viet , McInnes Elizabeth , Ennis Gary , Foster Kim
Published: March 2023

Mental health nursing work is challenging, and workplace stress can have negative impacts on nurses' well‐being and practice. Resilience is a dynamic process of positive adaptation and recovery from adversity. The aims of this integrative review were to examine and update understandings and perspectives on resilience in mental health nursing research, and to explore and synthesize the state of empirical knowledge on mental health nurse resilience. This is an update of evidence from a previous review published in 2019. Using integrative review methodology, 15 articles were identified from a systematic search (July 2018–June 2022). Data were extracted, analysed with constant comparison method, synthesized narratively and then compared with the findings from the original review. As an update of evidence, mental health nurse resilience was moderate to high across studies, was positively associated with psychological well‐being, post‐traumatic growth, compassion satisfaction and negatively associated with burnout, mental distress and emotional labour. Lack of support and resources from organizations could negatively impact nurses' ability to maintain resilience and manage workplace challenges through internal self‐regulatory processes. A resilience programme improved mental health nurses' awareness of personal resilience levels, self‐confidence, capacity to develop coping skills and professional relationships. Some studies continue to lack contemporary conceptualizations of resilience, and methodological quality varied from high to low. Further qualitative and interventional research is needed to investigate the role of resilience in mental health nursing practice, personal well‐being, workforce sustainability and the ongoing impacts of the COVID‐19 pandemic.
1. RECENT ADVANCES IN PATHOLOGY By G.Hadfield, M.D., F.R.C.P., and L. P.Garrod, M.A., M.D., F.R.C.P. London: J. & A. Churchill. 1947. Demy 8vo. pp.viii + 363, with 60 figures. Price 21s. net.
Authors: Piney A.
Published: March 2023

The overwhelming advantage of books like these here reviewed is that they are written by experts who have read, winnowed, digested and arranged the material that has been published in the intervals between editions. True enough, personal prejudices may play a greater part in their selection than would be the case with abstracts, but that is of little importance to the majority of readers whose need is for guidance in selecting from the great mass of medical literature. And again, experts usually have a more or less personal knowledge of many of the workers in their own field, so that they are likely to have a clear idea as to the probable value of a man's work.
Inherited trust and informal finance
Authors: Xu Jiaman , Chen Jiandong , Jiang Mengfei , An Jiafu
Published: March 2023

This paper examines the impact of trust on informal financial development. We isolate the inherited component of trust for 19 countries using US census data and relate it to firms’ access to trade credit. We discover that trust disproportionately elevates the use of trade credit by companies that face obstacles to obtaining funds from formal channels. Further analyses show that the effect is more pronounced in finance‐dependent industries and that better access to trade credit promotes sales growth. Our results are robust to alternative samples, different estimations of inherited trust and various model specifications.
A comparative study of three fishery methods for sampling the invasive topmouth gudgeon (Pseudorasbora parva) in ponds
Authors: Kajgrová Lenka , Drozd Bořek , Regenda Ján , Draštík Vladislav , Kočvara Luboš , Kolařík Tomáš , Peterka Jiří , Blabolil Petr
Published: March 2023

Invasive fish threaten ponds' ecological status and their ecosystem services, therefore obtaining a representative sample of fish community composition is fundamental to fishery management, research and nature conservation. Estimates of the size distribution, density and biomass of the topmouth gudgeon (Pseudorasbora parva) model species of invasive fish in three ponds were compared among three sampling methods: electrofishing, fish‐trapping and throw‐netting. The study illustrates that the invasive fish, P. parva, can be detected by all tested fishing methods, yet our results clearly showed that there are pronounced differences among methods in population characteristic estimates. Electrofishing and throw‐netting gave biased information on the size distribution of P. parva. Fish‐trapping and throw‐netting gave reasonable P. parva density and biomass estimates, while electrofishing clearly underestimated it. All tested methods showed a body size increment of P. parva between summer and autumn sampling sessions, yet neither throw‐netting nor electrofishing recorded an increment in its density. Our study showed that fish‐trapping is the most reliable and affordable method to estimate invasive P. parva population characteristics in ponds despite more time‐demanding sampling. The success depends on the mesh size of sampling gear, operator skill and habitat structure. The cost‐effectiveness of the selected methods and the importance of invasive fish monitoring in ponds is discussed. The sampling gear must be considered carefully according to the aim of the monitoring.