bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Toward a scalable framework for reproducible processing of volumetric, nanoscale neuroimaging datasets
Authors: Johnson Erik C , Wilt Miller , Rodriguez Luis M , Norman-Tenazas Raphael , Rivera Corban , Drenkow Nathan , Kleissas Dean , LaGrow Theodore J , Cowley Hannah P , Downs Joseph , K. Matelsky Jordan , J. Hughes Marisa , P. Reilly Elizabeth , A. Wester Brock , L. Dyer Eva , P. Kording Konrad , R. Gray-Roncal William
Published: December 2020

Background

Emerging neuroimaging datasets (collected with imaging techniques such as electron microscopy, optical microscopy, or X-ray microtomography) describe the location and properties of neurons and their connections at unprecedented scale, promising new ways of understanding the brain. These modern imaging techniques used to interrogate the brain can quickly accumulate gigabytes to petabytes of structural brain imaging data. Unfortunately, many neuroscience laboratories lack the computational resources to work with datasets of this size: computer vision tools are often not portable or scalable, and there is considerable difficulty in reproducing results or extending methods.

Results

We developed an ecosystem of neuroimaging data analysis pipelines that use open-source algorithms to create standardized modules and end-to-end optimized approaches. As exemplars we apply our tools to estimate synapse-level connectomes from electron microscopy data and cell distributions from X-ray microtomography data. To facilitate scientific discovery, we propose a generalized processing framework, which connects and extends existing open-source projects to provide large-scale data storage, reproducible algorithms, and workflow execution engines.

Conclusions

Our accessible methods and pipelines demonstrate that approaches across multiple neuroimaging experiments can be standardized and applied to diverse datasets. The techniques developed are demonstrated on neuroimaging datasets but may be applied to similar problems in other domains.
The Constant Term of Tempered Functions on a Real Spherical Space
Authors: Delorme Patrick , Krötz Bernhard , Souaifi Sofiane , Beuzart-Plessis Raphaël
Published: December 2020

Let $Z$ be a unimodular real spherical space. We develop a theory of constant terms for tempered functions on $Z$, which parallels the work of Harish-Chandra. The constant terms $f_I$ of an eigenfunction $f$ are parametrized by subsets $I$ of the set $S$ of spherical roots that determine the fine geometry of $Z$ at infinity. Constant terms are transitive i.e., $(f_J)_I=f_I$ for $I\subset J$, and our main result is a quantitative bound of the difference $f-f_I$, which is uniform in the parameter of the eigenfunction.
SARS-CoV-2 Serologic Immune Response in Exogenously Immunosuppressed Patients
Authors: Zilla Megan L , Keetch Christian , Mitchell Gretchen , McBreen Jeffery , Shurin Michael R , Wheeler Sarah E
Published: December 2020

Background

While it is presumed that immunosuppressed patients, such as solid organ transplant recipients on immunosuppression, are at greater risk from SARS-CoV-2 infection than the general population, the antibody response to infection in this patient population has not been studied.

Methods

In this report, we follow the anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody levels in patients with COVID-19 who are undergoing exogenous immunosuppression. Specifically, we studied the antibody response of 3 solid organ transplant recipient patients, 3 patients who take daily inhaled fluticasone, and a patient on etanercept and daily inhaled fluticasone, and compared them to 5 patients not on exogenous immunosuppression.

Results

We found that the solid organ transplant patients on full immunosuppression are at risk of having a delayed antibody response and poor outcome. We did not find evidence that inhaled steroids or etanercept predispose patients to delayed immune response to SARS-CoV-2.

Conclusion

The data presented here suggest that solid organ transplant recipients may be good candidates for early targeted intervention against SARS-CoV-2.
The hip asphericity angle: a novel angle for measurement of Cam-FAI correction
Authors: Masoud Mohammad , Apivatgaroon Adinun , Said Hatem , Abdel-Hamid Mohamed M , El-Assal Maher , Dienst Michael
Published: December 2020

The alpha angle is routinely used for the diagnosis and quantitative description of the Cam deformity of the hip. However, a reliable identification of the femoral neck axis as its reference line can be difficult. Moreover, most cam resections include a reduction of the femoral neck diameter with an automatic posteromedial angulation of the femoral neck axis. In consequence, the reference axes for the pre- and postoperative alpha angles are different, and a comparison of both angles underlies a systematic error to relatively higher postoperative alpha angles. In order to avoid this systemic error, we propose the hip asphericity (HA) angle with a reference axis independent of the amount of bony resection. Two retrospective groups were formed, a ‘femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) group’ that had hip arthroscopy for cam resection and a ‘Control group’ without cam deformity. The alpha and HA angles were measured by three examiners. The measurements were repeated 1 month later. In the FAI group, offset correction was calculated using both angles. Statistically significant differences for both the alpha and the HA angles were found between the control and the preoperative FAI group as well as between the preoperative and postoperative FAI groups. The HA angle-correction by a mean of 27.5° was significantly higher in comparison to the alpha angle correction by a mean of 25.4°. The intertester and intratester reliability of both angles were not significantly different. The HA angle is a new and reliable radiographic parameter for measuring cam deformity and proves superior in measuring cam correction.
Treatment of type IV Pipkin fracture in patients with a high BMI via hip arthroscopy-assisted surgery: a case report
Authors: Hsu Shan-Ling , Chen Chung-Yang , Hsu Chi-Hsiang
Published: December 2020

Pipkin type IV femoral head (FH) fracture–dislocations are usually treated via open surgery. There are many surgical approaches for the treatment of this difficult fracture depending on the fracture pattern. Obesity presents another challenging problem in surgical treatment and sometimes leads to a poorer outcome. We discuss herein a patient of a high body mass index (BMI) with a Pipkin type IV FH fracture who underwent open reduction internal fixation (ORIF) of anacetabular fracture with reconstruction plates and hip arthroscopy-assisted fixation of the FH fracture with two Herbert screws via the posterior approach. The intra-articular osteochondral loose bodies were excised by hip arthroscopy simultaneously. The joint congruency and screw positions were checked during surgery by arthroscopy. After 6 months, clinical and computed tomography (CT) follow-ups showed excellent results. The patient of a high BMI recovered immediately and had a satisfactory short-term outcome after hip arthroscopy-assisted surgery. We concluded that hip arthroscopy-assisted surgery is a viable option for the treatment of Pipkin type IV FH fracture–dislocations.
Deep Learning Image Analysis of Benign Breast Disease to Identify Subsequent Risk of Breast Cancer
Authors: Vellal Adithya D , Sirinukunwattan Korsuk , Kensler Kevin H , Baker Gabrielle M , Stancu Andreea L , Pyle Michael E , Collins Laura C , Schnitt Stuart J , Connolly James L , Veta Mitko , Eliassen A Heather , Tamimi Rulla M , Heng Yujing J
Published: December 2020

Background

New biomarkers of risk may improve breast cancer (BC) risk prediction. We developed a computational pathology method to segment benign breast disease (BBD) whole slide images into epithelium, fibrous stroma, and fat. We applied our method to the BBD BC nested case-control study within the Nurses’ Health Studies to assess whether computer-derived tissue composition or a morphometric signature was associated with subsequent risk of BC.

Methods

Tissue segmentation and nuclei detection deep-learning networks were established and applied to 3795 whole slide images from 293 cases who developed BC and 1132 controls who did not. Percentages of each tissue region were calculated, and 615 morphometric features were extracted. Elastic net regression was used to create a BC morphometric signature. Associations between BC risk factors and age-adjusted tissue composition among controls were assessed using analysis of covariance. Unconditional logistic regression, adjusting for the matching factors, BBD histological subtypes, parity, menopausal status, and body mass index evaluated the relationship between tissue composition and BC risk. All statistical tests were 2-sided.

Results

Among controls, direction of associations between BBD subtypes, parity, and number of births with breast composition varied by tissue region; select regions were associated with childhood body size, body mass index, age of menarche, and menopausal status (all P < .05). A higher proportion of epithelial tissue was associated with increased BC risk (odds ratio = 1.39, 95% confidence interval = 0.91 to 2.14, for highest vs lowest quartiles, Ptrend = .047). No morphometric signature was associated with BC.

Conclusions

The amount of epithelial tissue may be incorporated into risk assessment models to improve BC risk prediction.
Surgery with the Motec total wrist replacement: learning from earlier designs
Authors: Clough Oliver T , Lee George , Hayter Edward , Hardman John , Anakwe Raymond E
Published: December 2020

The design of and applications for wrist arthroplasty continue to evolve but lag behind the results for hip and knee arthroplasty with respect to demonstrable durability and effectiveness. As we develop our knowledge, experience and the indications for wrist replacement surgery, it is important that we learn from past design and surgical experience. We report the case of a female patient treated with a Motec cementless metal-on-metal wrist replacement (Swemac Orthopaedics AB, Linköping, Sweden) for post-traumatic arthritis of the radiocarpal joint. Based on our experience with this case and others, we make two specific technical recommendations to improve the success and longevity of this implant.
Metastatic renal cell carcinoma presenting as jaundice with biliary and gastric outlet obstruction. A case report
Authors: Iqbal Ramiz , Wiadji Elvina
Published: December 2020

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) can be an aggressive malignancy that has a propensity to spread to atypical locations, most commonly to lung, bone, lymph node. RCC presenting as obstructive jaundice with gastric outlet obstruction has rarely been cited in literature. This study presents a case of advanced RCC in a patient with obstructive jaundice and associated gastric outlet obstruction from a large right renal RCC with malignant retrocaval lymphadenopathy invading the duodenum and distal common bile duct. The patient underwent anterograde stenting of the biliary system via a percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography and an insertion of a duodenal stent. Immunotherapy was commenced and the patient was discharged home. This case highlights the importance of a multi-disciplinary team approach to the management of a complex surgical patient.
Retrocaval ureter: a case report
Authors: Al-Hajjaj Maher , Tallaa Mohamed
Published: December 2020

Retrocaval ureter or circumcaval ureter is considered a rare congenital anomaly. We reported a case of 48-year-old woman who presented with right flank pain. In investigations, we found a retreocaval ureter that was treated surgically. In conclusion, retrocaval ureter is rare cause of flank pain and one of the challenging cases for urologists that needs careful investigations.
Immunoglobulin A nephropathy in association with inflammatory bowel diseases: results from a national study and systematic literature review
Authors: Joher Nizar , Gosset Clément , Guerrot Dominique , Pillebout Evangeline , Hummel Aurélie , Boffa Jean-Jacques , Faguer Stanislas , Rabant Marion , Higgins Sarah , Moktefi Anissa , Delmas Yahsou , Karras Alexandre , Lapidus Nathanaël , Amiot Aurélien , Audard Vincent , El Karoui Khalil
Published: December 2020

Background

Little is known about clinical characteristics and kidney outcomes in patients with biopsy-proven immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN) in a context of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).

Methods

We conducted a retrospective multicentre study with a centralized histological review to analyse the presentation, therapeutic management and outcome of 24 patients suffering from IBD-associated IgAN relative to a cohort of 134 patients with primary IgAN without IBD.

Results

Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis accounted for 75 and 25% of IBD-associated IgAN cases, respectively. IBD was diagnosed before IgAN in 23 cases (a mean of 9 years previously) and was considered active at IgAN onset in 23.6% of patients. Hypertension was present in 41.7% of patients. The urinary protein:creatinine ratio exceeded 100 mg/mmol in 70.8% of patients (mean 254 mg/mmol). Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was >60 mL/min/1.73 m2 in 13/24 patients and only 1 patient required dialysis. In the Oxford mesangial hypercellularity, endocapillary cellularity, segmental sclerosis and interstitial fibrosis/tubular atrophy with crescents classification of renal biopsies, 57% were M1, 48% E1, 76% S1, 57% T1–2 and 38% C1–2. Steroids were administered in 50% of cases. After a mean follow-up of 7.2 years, 4 patients (16.7%) had a poor kidney outcome: end-stage renal disease (n = 3) or a >50% decrease in eGFR from initial values (n = 1). A similar evolution was observed in patients with primitive IgAN.

Conclusions

This first case series suggests that IBD-associated IgAN has frequent inflammatory lesions at onset and variable long-term outcomes.
Effect of dietary carbohydrate and lipid modification on clinical and anthropometric parameters in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Garcêz Lais S , Avelar Camila R , Fonseca Nedja S S , Costa Priscila R F , Lyra André C , Cunha Carla M , Jesus Rosangela P , Oliveira Lucivalda P M
Published: December 2020

Context

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is estimated to affect approximately 25% of the adult population, making it one of the most common chronic liver diseases worldwide and a major public health problem. Still, there is no consensus on the most appropriate nutritional intervention for disease treatment.

Objective

To systematize and synthesize the results of randomized controlled trials that have evaluated the effect of dietary interventions with different, quantitative, macronutrient compositions on hepatic steatosis attenuation, serum levels of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, lipid profile, glucose metabolism markers, and anthropometric parameters of adults and the elderly (age ≥ 60 years) with NAFLD.

Data Sources

MEDLINE databases via PubMed, Embase, Science Direct, LILACS, Web of Science, ClinicalTrials.gov, and Cochrane Library were searched. Randomized controlled trials that compared interventions as diets with values ≤ 45% or 20% of the total daily energy intake from carbohydrates or lipids, respectively, compared with dietary reference intakes, were included.

Data Extraction

Risk of bias was assessed through the Cochrane Collaboration tool. The meta-analysis was only performed to evaluate the effect of carbohydrate-modified diets on the outcome variables. The number of participants and mean values and respective standard deviations of the outcome variables were extracted and used to calculate weighted mean differences and their respective 95%CIs.

Results

The search strategy resulted in 21 146 studies, of which 10 were retained for qualitative analysis and 6 were included in the meta-analysis. From the analysis of 10 studies were identified 8 articles in which low-calorie diets were evaluated and 3 interventions that used an isocaloric diet. Only 3 studies were classified as having low risk of bias.

Conclusion

The observed effects on hepatic steatosis, serum alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase levels, parameters of lipid and glucose metabolism, and anthropometric variables were mostly related to a hypocaloric diet. The use of reduced macronutrient interventions had no efficacy.

Systematic Review Registration

PROSPERO registration no. CRD42018088824.
The Long-Term Relationship Between Psychological Resilience, Psychosis, Distress, and Suicidal Thoughts and Behaviors
Authors: Harris Kamelia , Haddock Gillian , Peters Sarah , Gooding Patricia
Published: December 2020

Suicide deaths in people with non-affective psychosis represent a major health care concern. Previous research has shown that psychosis and the associated distress increase suicidal experiences, whereas psychological resilience weakens the impact of suicide precursors, such as defeat, entrapment, and hopelessness on suicidal experiences. The moderating roles of psychosis, distress, and psychological resilience in the relationships between defeat, entrapment, hopelessness, and suicidal thoughts and behaviors have not been tested longitudinally. This 3-month longitudinal study used moderated mediation analysis to investigate: (1) the impact of defeat/entrapment and hopelessness on suicidal thoughts and behaviors and (2) the moderating effects of psychosis, distress, and psychological resilience in the relationships between defeat/entrapment, hopelessness, and suicidal thoughts and behaviors. Individuals with non-affective psychosis-related diagnosis (including schizophrenia, schizophreniform disorder, schizoaffective disorder, delusional disorder, or psychotic disorders not otherwise specified) and lifetime experiences of suicidal thoughts, plans, and/or acts were recruited from the North-West of England, UK. Of the 100 participants at baseline, 90 took part in the follow-up assessment. At baseline, most of the participants had experienced one or more lifetime suicide attempts. Suicidal thoughts and behaviors scores were significantly lower at follow-up, compared with baseline. Over time, defeat/entrapment predicted suicidal thoughts and behaviors when the severity of psychosis and the associated distress were moderate and high, and resilience was lowest. The impact of defeat/entrapment, psychosis, distress due to psychosis, and resilience needs to be incorporated into interventions aiming to reduce suicidal experiences. These findings impact psychosis and resilience-focused suicide prevention interventions for people with non-affective psychosis.
Accurately constraining velocity information from spectral imaging observations using machine learning techniques
Authors: MacBride Conor D. , Jess David B. , Grant Samuel D. T. , Khomenko Elena , Keys Peter H. , Stangalini Marco
Published: December 2020

Determining accurate plasma Doppler (line-of-sight) velocities from spectroscopic measurements is a challenging endeavour, especially when weak chromospheric absorption lines are often rapidly evolving and, hence, contain multiple spectral components in their constituent line profiles. Here, we present a novel method that employs machine learning techniques to identify the underlying components present within observed spectral lines, before subsequently constraining the constituent profiles through single or multiple Voigt fits. Our method allows active and quiescent components present in spectra to be identified and isolated for subsequent study. Lastly, we employ a Ca ɪɪ 8542 Å spectral imaging dataset as a proof-of-concept study to benchmark the suitability of our code for extracting two-component atmospheric profiles that are commonly present in sunspot chromospheres. Minimization tests are employed to validate the reliability of the results, achieving median reduced
χ
2
-values equal to 1.03 between the observed and synthesized umbral line profiles.

This article is part of the Theo Murphy meeting issue ‘High-resolution wave dynamics in the lower solar atmosphere’.
A new method for detecting solar atmospheric gravity waves
Authors: Calchetti Daniele , Jefferies Stuart M. , Fleck Bernhard , Berrilli Francesco , Shcherbik Dmitriy V.
Published: December 2020

Internal gravity waves have been observed in the Earth’s atmosphere and oceans, on Mars and Jupiter, and in the Sun’s atmosphere. Despite ample evidence for the existence of propagating gravity waves in the Sun’s atmosphere, we still do not have a full understanding of their characteristics and overall role for the dynamics and energetics of the solar atmosphere. Here, we present a new approach to study the propagation of gravity waves in the solar atmosphere. It is based on calculating the three-dimensional cross-correlation function between the vertical velocities measured at different heights. We apply this new method to a time series of co-spatial and co-temporal Doppler images obtained by SOHO/MDI and Hinode/SOT as well as to simulations of upward propagating gravity wave-packets. We show some preliminary results and outline future developments.

This article is part of the Theo Murphy meeting issue ‘High-resolution wave dynamics in the lower solar atmosphere’.
The dynamics of 3-min wavefronts and their relation to sunspot magnetic fields
Authors: Sych Robert , Jess David B. , Su Jiangtao
Published: December 2020

We present a study of wave processes occurring in solar active region NOAA 11131 on 10 December 2010, captured by the Solar Dynamics Observatory in the 1600 Å, 304 Å and 171 Å channels. For spectral analysis, we employed pixelized wavelet filtering together with a developed digital technique based on empirical mode decomposition. We studied the ∼3-minute wave dynamics to obtain relationships with the magnetic structuring of the underlying sunspot. We found that during development of wave trains the motion path occurred along a preferential direction, and that the broadband wavefronts can be represented as a set of separate narrowband oscillation sources. These sources become visible as the waves pass through the umbral inhomogeneities caused by the differing magnetic field inclination angles. We found the spatial and frequency fragmentation of wavefronts, and deduced that the combination of narrowband spherical and linear parts of the wavefronts provide the observed spirality. Maps of the magnetic field inclination angles confirm this assumption. We detect the activation of umbral structures as the increasing of oscillations in the sources along the front ridge. Their temporal dynamics are associated with the occurrence of umbral flashes. Spatial localization of the sources is stable over time and depends on the oscillation period. We propose that these sources are the result of wave paths along the loops extending outwards from the magnetic bundles of the umbra.

This article is part of the Theo Murphy meeting issue ‘High-resolution wave dynamics in the lower solar atmosphere’.
Great significance of innovative research on capital for building socialist political economics with Chinese characteristics
Authors: Qiu Haiping
Published: December 2020

Purpose

General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out that to uphold and develop socialist political economics with Chinese characteristics, the authors should be guided by Marxist political economics.

Design/methodology/approach

It is an essential methodological principle for building a theoretical system of socialist political economics with Chinese characteristics as a “systematic economic theory”.

Findings

To implement this principle, the authors need to understand the rich connotation of Marxist political economics and its relationship with socialist political economics with Chinese characteristics fully and correctly and unswervingly uphold and inherit, creatively transform and innovatively develop the theoretical achievements of Marxist economics, especially capital.

Originality/value

It is also an essential and necessary way to build a theoretical system of socialist political economics with Chinese characteristics.
Investigation of spatial configuration management on social distancing of recreational clubhouse for COVID-19 in Penang, Malaysia
Authors: Abdul Nasir Nur Adibah Binti , Hassan Ahmad Sanusi , Khozaei Fatemeh , Abdul Nasir Muhammad Hafeez Bin
Published: December 2020

Purpose

Since the appearance of COVID-19 social distancing and staying home have been recommended repeatedly by the governments for disease prevention. As the challenge continues to remain the current study seeks to examine the factors affecting social distancing through space planning and management. More specifically the current study aims to examine the appropriateness of the spatial organization and space configuration of a clubhouse with a linear plan layout in the mitigation of the spread of infections due to serious pandemic COVID-19.

Design/methodology/approach

For an enhanced understanding of the impact of spatial arrangements of public spaces plan on the effective implementation of social distancing this study has used the space syntax analysis method. The MPSP clubhouse building in Penang, Malaysia was selected as the case study. The level of permeability and wayfinding were determined in the building plan and were illustrated using photoshop software to depict the interrelation between the indoor spaces and building circulation. Graphs of the depth of space were used to analyze the level of permeability and wayfinding to illustrate the possibility of social distancing in the plan.

Findings

The result of the study shows the significant role of proper plan layout design on social distancing. While clear and direct wayfinding can positively be associated with more effective social distancing, the inefficient design of user access, inappropriate locations of multiple entry and exit and indefinite directions of users' inside buildings can impose slight limitations. The average level of permeability might suggest ineffective spatial arrangement, ignoring the needs of spatial segregation. The study further found that the linear plan layouts with proper zoning and effective management strategies can be considered a proper layout to facilitate social distancing and the spread of COVID-19.

Originality/value

The current study is unique in terms of examination of the spatial configuration of linear public spaces plan layout for possible temporary adaptability to curb disease spread during the unexpected advent of a pandemic. Based on researchers' best of knowledge it is the first time that the impact of recreational space design on social distancing has been examined. The study also originally sheds light on the fact that the commonly used guideline for the social distancing of 1–2 m between 2 persons, in reality, is practically inadequate given the nature of the sports activities.
Forecasting vehicle's spare parts price and demand
Authors: Alalawin Abdallah , Arabiyat Laith Mubarak , Alalaween Wafa , Qamar Ahmad , Mukattash Adnan
Published: December 2020

Purpose

These days vehicles' spare parts (SPs) are a very big market, and there is a very high demand for these parts. Forecasting vehicles' SPs price and demand are difficult because of the lack of data and the pricing of the SPs is not following the normal value chain methods like normal products.

Design/methodology/approach

A proposed model using multiple linear regression was developed as a guide to forecasting demand and price for vehicles' SPs. A case study of selected hybrid vehicle is held to validate the results of the research. This research is an original study depending on quantitative and qualitative methods; some factors are generated from realistic data or are calculated using numerical equations and the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) method; online questionnaire and expert interview survey.

Findings

The price and demand for SPs have a linear relationship with some independent variables is the hypothesis that is tested. Even though the proposed models are generally recommended for predicting demand and price, in this research the linear relationship models are not significant enough to calculate the expected price and demand.

Originality/value

This research should concern both academics and practitioners since it provides new intuitions on the distinctions between scientific and industrial world regarding SPs for vehicles as it is the first study that investigates price and demand of vehicles' SPs.
Mapping QTL controlling soybean seed sucrose and oligosaccharides in a single family of soybean nested association mapping (SoyNAM) population
Authors: Salari Mohammad Wali , Ongom Patrick Obia , Thapa Rima , Nguyen Henry T. , Vuong Tri D. , Rainey Katy Martin
Published: December 2020

The meal value of Soybean for monogastric animals is determined partly by sucrose, raffinose and stachyose. Of these, sucrose is desirable, while raffinose and stachyose are indigestible, causing flatulence and abdominal discomfort. The objective of this study was to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) controlling seed sucrose, raffinose, and stachyose in a set of 140 SoyNAM (Nested Association Mapping) recombinant inbred lines (RILs), developed from the cross between lines IA3023 and LD02‐4485. A total of 3,038 SNP markers from the Illumina SoyNAM BeadChip SNP were used to map the QTLs for sucrose and the RFOs, raffinose, and stachyose. Significant genotypic differences (p < .001) among RILs were observed for sucrose, raffinose and stachyose contents across years. A 3038 Illumina SoyNAM BeadChip SNPs identified three QTLs for sucrose, one on chromosome 1, explaining 10% variance and two on chromosome 3 each explaining 22%. Raffinose QTL was detected on chromosome 6, explaining 6% variance. The mapped QTLs were novel and spanned regions harbouring candidate genes with roles in plant growth including seed development.
A New Approach to Modeling Slip and Work Input for Centrifugal Compressors
Authors: Harrison Herbert M. , Key Nicole L.
Published: December 2020

A new method of modeling slip factor and work input for centrifugal compressor impellers is presented. Rather than using geometry to predict the behavior of the flow at the impeller exit, the new method leverages governing relationships to predict the work input delivered by the impeller with dimensionless design parameters. The approach incorporates both impeller geometry and flow conditions and, therefore, is inherently able to predict the slip factor both at design and off-design conditions. Five impeller cases are used to demonstrate the efficacy of the method, four of which are well documented in the open literature. Multiple implementations of the model are introduced to enable users to customize the model to specific applications. Significant improvement in the accuracy of the prediction of slip factor and work input is obtained at both design and off-design conditions relative to Wiesner's slip model. While Wiesner's model predicts the slip factor of 52% of the data within ±0.05 absolute error, the most accurate implementation of the new model predicts 99% of the data within the same error band. The effects of external losses on the model are considered, and the new model is fairly insensitive to the effects of external losses. Finally, detailed procedures to incorporate the new model into a meanline analysis tool are provided in the appendices.
Heat Exchanger Design Optimization for Mitigation of Diesel Engine Exhaust Fouling
Authors: Aiello Victor C. , Kini Girish , Staedter Marcel A. , Garimella Srinivas
Published: December 2020

The design optimization of a diesel exhaust-coupled heat and mass exchanger that drives a 2.71 kW cooling capacity absorption heat pump is presented in this study. Fouling layer thermal resistance and pressure drops from single-tube experiments are used to develop a thermodynamic, heat transfer, and pressure drop model for the exhaust-coupled desorber. A parametric study is performed to select a desorber design that meets system performance while minimizing footprint. Experimental heat duties and pressure drops are within 10% and 3%, respectively, of the model predictions. Thus, large data sets from single-tube experiments with representative geometries are successful in accounting for fouling effects at the component level. Desorber design optimization based on this approach ensures continued heat pump performance after fouling. This study, along with the single-tube experiments, presents a systematic approach to design exhaust-coupled heat exchangers while considering the effects of fouling. These results are applicable for a wide range of waste-heat recovery applications, and this method can be extended to different geometries and operating conditions.
Vertical directionality and spatial coherence of the sound field in glacial bays in Hornsund Fjord
Authors: Vishnu Hari , Deane Grant B. , Chitre Mandar , Glowacki Oskar , Stokes Dale , Moskalik Mateusz
Published: December 2020

Arctic glacial bays are among the loudest natural environments in the ocean, owing to heavy submarine melting, calving, freshwater discharge, and ice–wave interactions. Understanding the coherence and vertical directionality of the ambient sound there can provide insights about the mechanisms behind the ice loss in these regions. It can also provide key information for operating technologies such as sonar, communication, and navigation systems. To study the unexplored sound coherence and vertical directionality in glacial bays, a vertical hydrophone array was deployed, and acoustic measurements were made at four glacier termini in Hornsund Fjord, Spitsbergen, in June and July 2019. The measurements show that the sound generated by melting glacier ice is more dominant in the upper portion of the water column near the glacier terminus. The melt water from the submarine melting and the freshwater discharge from the glacier create a glacially modified water duct near the sea surface. This disrupts the inter-sensor vertical coherence in the channel. However, some coherence across the duct is preserved for sound arising from spatially localized events at low frequencies. Overall, the observations in this study can help improve the understanding of the submarine melting phenomenon in glacial bays.
An Updated History of
Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy
: 2000–2020
Authors: Rice Louis B. , Eliopoulos George M.
Published: December 2020

Since its inaugural issue nearly half a century ago,
Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy
has served as a premier source for reports on scientific and clinical advances in the field of antimicrobial chemotherapy. As a follow-up to the previous “History of
Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy
from 1972 to 1998” written by George A. Jacoby (Antimicrob Agents Chemother 43:999–1002, 1999,
https://doi.org/10.1128/AAC.43.5.999
), we herein highlight the further evolution of this comprehensive and authoritative journal in response to changing science, demographics, and information technology.
Co-Creative Learning in Innovation Laboratories Using Lego Serious Play Workshops
Authors: Al-Jayyousi Odeh R. , Durugbo Christopher M.
Published: December 2020

Although innovation laboratories offer creative and distinct physical spaces for mediating and directing innovation processes, research on their applicability for co-creative learning during serious play, particularly through Lego Serious Play (LSP) workshops remains limited. Previous studies suggest that serious play workshops tend to focus on scenarios, problem solving and reflective processes, with limited considerations for joint co-creation and learning potentials within innovation laboratories. Motivated by the creative prospects of metaphoric representations and shared stories, this study explores the possibilities of harnessing LSP for co-creative learning in innovation laboratories. This case study draws theoretical insights and practical relevance from a co-creative learning workshop involving three learning scenarios within a Middle Eastern and emerging economy context. Findings from the workshop show variability in representations, interactions and reflections, shaping possibilities for co-creative learning in innovation laboratories. Representations focus on systems, solutions and problems during fragmented, model-supported, model-mediated and integrated interactions that underpin a range of instance-based, variance-based, convergence-based and divergence-based reflections. These insights contribute to co-creation literature that views value creation as an amalgamation of open, collaborative and user innovation. The study concludes by discussing its theoretical implications, practical applications, and methodological limitations, which serve as the basis for future research directions.
From the President: New Directions, New Ideas
Authors: Allendorf Mark
Published: December 2020

We live in a time of risk for professional societies, but it’s also a time of unprecedented opportunity. Scientific activity around the world is expanding dramatically. Research universities and laboratories of exceptional quality exist in many countries now. Development of and access to new technologies are widely viewed as the keys to a higher standard of living.
Pennington Corner: Following the Path
Authors: Calvo Roque J.
Published: December 2020

In the last decade, organizational management guru Jim Collins has researched firms in the for-profit and not-for-profit sectors and found some common measures of success that in Collins’s words create great organizations that are Built to Last.
What’s an Ionic Liquid?
Authors: Johnson Keith E.
Published: December 2020

“The Structure and Properties of Ionic Melts” was the title of a Faraday Society Discussion held in Liverpool in 1961; it dealt exclusively with molten inorganic salts. “Ionic Liquids” was the title of Chapter 6 of the textbook Modern Electrochemistry by Bockris and Reddy, published in 1970: it discussed liquids ranging from alkali silicates and halides to tetraalkylammonium salts.
From Bell Labs to Silicon Valley: A Saga of Semiconductor Technology Transfer, 1955-61
Authors: Riordan Michael
Published: December 2020

Despite the fact that the Bell Telephone Laboratories had originated almost all the silicon technology eventually used to invent the integrated circuit, or microchip, this revolutionary breakthrough occurred elsewhere—at Texas Instruments, Inc., in Dallas, and Fairchild Semiconductor Corporation in Mountain View, California.
A Scientist’s Perspective on the Early Days of MOS Technology
Authors: Deal Bruce E.
Published: December 2020

In September 1957, Frosch and Derick of Bell Telephone Laboratories published a seminal paper in the Journal of The Electrochemical Society concerning the use of silicon dioxide as a selective mask against dopant diffusion into silicon wafers.
Gate Dielectric Process Technology for the Sub-1 nm Equivalent Oxide Thickness (EOT) Era
Authors: Colombo Luigi , Chambers Jim , Niimi Hiroaki “Hiro”
Published: December 2020

The semiconductor industry is now in its third generation of gate dielectrics. The first generation was the silicon dioxide (SiO2) era from the early 1960s to about the mid-1990s.
Development of a 3C-SiC Deposition System
Authors: Orthner Michael
Published: December 2020

The 2007 F. M. Becket Summer Research Fellowship — Summary Report
Antiepileptic Drug Management in Acute Ischemic Stroke: Are Vascular Neurologists Utilizing Electroencephalograms? An Observational Cohort Study
Authors: Rao Rahul , Monlezun Dominique J. , Kimbrough Tara , Burkett Brian J. , Samai Alyana , Martin-Schild Sheryl
Published: December 2020

Introduction. This study examines the utility of electroencephalography (EEG) in clinical decision making in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients in regards to the prescription of antiseizure medications. Methods. Patients were grouped as having positive EEG (+) for epileptiform activity or negative EEG (‐). These studies were no more than 30 minutes in length. Patients’ charts were retrospectively reviewed for antiepileptic drug (AED) use before, during, and on discharge from AIS hospitalization. Results. Of the 509 patients meeting inclusion criteria, 24 (4.7%) had a positive EEG. Patients did not significantly differ with respect to any demographic or baseline characteristics with the exception of prior history of seizure. In the EEG‐ group, AEDs were discontinued in only 3.5% of patients. In the EEG+ group, only 37.5% of patients had an initiation or change to their AED regimen within 36 hours of the study. 62.5% of the EEG+ group had a cortical stroke. Significance. Our results indicate that vascular neurologists are not using spot EEGs to routinely guide inpatient AED management. EEGs may have greater utility in those with a prior history of seizures and cortical strokes. Longer or continuous EEG monitoring may have better utility in the AIS population if there is clinical suspicion of seizure.
Antimicrobial Efficacy of Intracanal Medicaments against E. Faecalis Bacteria in Infected Primary Molars by Using Real-Time PCR: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Ghahramani Yasamin , Mohammadi Najmeh , Gholami Ahmad , Ghaffaripour Dordaneh
Published: December 2020

Aim. This study aimed to compare the antimicrobial efficacy of calcium hydroxide (CH) and triple antibiotic paste (TAP) against E. faecalis bacteria in infected primary molars. Methods and Materials. Thirty-nine 4–6-year-old children with an infected primary molar were randomly divided into three equal groups (n = 13) to receive either CH or TAP and an untreated control group. Following access cavity preparation, the first microbiological samples (S1) were collected by using absorbent paper points. The canals were prepared and rinsed. Then, CH or TAP was applied in the root canals. Seven days later, the second microbiological samples (S2) were collected. DNA extraction was performed to count E. faecalis bacteria by using real-time PCR for S1 and S2 samples. Data were analyzed through one-way ANOVA and Tukey’s test (α = 0.05). Results. E. faecalis bacteria counts decreased significantly in CH and TAP groups compared with the control group (

P
≤
0.001

). However, no statistically significant difference existed between these two groups (

P
=
0.698

). Conclusion. Both TAP and CH have significant antimicrobial effects as intracanal medicament between the treatment sessions in infected primary teeth.
Clinical Efficacy and Safety of Stem Cell-Based Therapy in Treating Asherman Syndrome: A System Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Zhao Yiming , Luo Qifan , Zhang Xiao , Qin Yafei , Hao Jingpeng , Kong Dejun , Wang Hongda , Li Guangming , Gu Xiangying , Wang Hao
Published: December 2020

Asherman’s Syndrome (AS) is an uncommon, acquired, and refractory gynecological disorder. Current treatment was still limited, and stem cell-based therapy has been proposed as a novel strategy for management of AS. Here, we conducted a meta-analysis of self-controlled clinical trials to assess the effectiveness and safety of stem cell-based therapy in Asherman syndrome patients who have failed in conventional treatment. We systematically searched PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, and Web of Science database (published up to October 3, 2020). Our main evaluation outcomes were menses improvement, endometrial thickness changes, pregnancy outcome, and side effects. All analyses were performed by using RevMan5.4 software. 427 studies were identified, eight of which were eligible and included in our analysis. Stem cell combined hormone therapy achieved a higher likelihood of improving menstruation (risk ratio [RR] 22.43, 95% CI: 8.03 to 62.68,P<0.00001), an enhancement of pregnancy outcome (risk ratio [RR] 11.1, 95% CI: 3.58 to 34.38,P<0.0001), and a mean increase of 3-month endometrial thickness (standardized mean difference [SMD] 2.43, 95% CI: 1.72 to 3.13,P<0.00001). Subgroup analysis also indicated that 6-month and 9-month endometrial thickness increased significantly with the stem cell-based treatment. Moreover, no obvious and severe adverse reactions were observed during the process of stem cell therapy. There were 3 patients (3.57%) reported with lost appetite, mild gastritis, vomiting, or abdominal cramps, whereas, these symptoms relieved subsequently. This meta-analysis systematically reviewed and synthesized the outcomes of stem cell-based therapy in treating Asherman syndrome, which suggest that stem cell and hormone combination therapy was safe and more effective in improving menstruation duration, pregnancy outcome, and endometrial thickness. However, further trials with large sample sizes are needed to establish more solid evidence for administrating this therapy in clinic.
Mendelian Susceptibility to Mycobacterial Disease: The First Case of a Diagnosed Adult Patient in the Czech Republic
Authors: Prucha Miroslav , Grombirikova Hana , Zdrahal Pavel , Bloomfield Marketa , Parackova Zuzana , Freiberger Tomas
Published: December 2020

We present a case of a 42-year-old woman with Mendelian susceptibility to mycobacterial disease. The disease was diagnosed at an adult age with relatively typical clinical manifestations; the skeleton, joints, and soft tissues were affected by nontuberculous mycobacteria: Mycobacterium lentiflavum, M. kansasii, and M. avium. A previously published loss-of-function and functionally validated variant NM_000416.2:c.819_822delTAAT in IFNGR1 in a heterozygous state was detected using whole-exome sequencing. After interferon-γ therapy was started at a dose of 200 µg/m2 three times a week, there was significant clinical improvement, with the need to continue the macrolide-based combination regimen. In the last 4 months, she has been in this therapy without the need for antibiotic treatment.
Food Safety Knowledge and Hygienic Practices among Different Groups of Restaurants in Muscat, Oman
Authors: Al-Ghazali Maryam , Al-Bulushi Ismail , Al-Subhi Lyutha , Rahman Mohammad Shafiur , Al-Rawahi Amani
Published: December 2020

Food safety is vital to human beings as well as to the food industry. Therefore, knowledge and hygiene practice of food safety among food handlers are particularly important. Evaluation of food safety knowledge and hygienic practices among 18 restaurants in three different regions (i.e., districts) in the Governorate of Muscat was performed. In order to determine the quality level of restaurants, grouping (i.e., Region 1, Region 2, and Region 3; e.g., Group I, Group II, and Group III) was adopted from the regulations and assigned by the municipality based on the number of complaints against the restaurants. A questionnaire was designed to assess the knowledge of hygiene, food poisoning, food handling, cooking, and local regulations/rules of the food handlers in selected restaurants. The food handlers in the Region 1 restaurants showed significantly higher (p<0.05) overall knowledge (58.6%) in food safety as compared to Region 2 (52.1%) and Region 3 (53.2%). Overall knowledge of food handlers in Group I restaurants was significantly higher (p<0.05) (64.4%) as compared to Group II (53.1%) and Group III (48.1%). The hygiene practices in Group I restaurants were significantly higher (p<0.05) than those in Groups II and III. A small but significant inverse association (r2=−0.38) between total knowledge scores and hygiene practices was found. In conclusion, higher knowledge in the field is associated with better hygiene practices, and these are more likely to prevent food poisoning originating from restaurants. We recommend implementing specialized education courses and workshops for the food handlers as a requirement before embarking on service to decrease the risks of foodborne diseases.