bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparison of the efficacy and complications of endoscopic incisional therapy and balloon dilatation for benign esophageal strictures
Authors: Choi Eun Jeong , Jee Sam Ryong , Lee Sang Heon , Kim Ji Hyun , Yoon Jun Sik , Heo Jae Hyuk , Yu Seung Jung , Baek Hee Won , Lee Hong Sub
Published: November 2022

Background: Benign esophageal strictures are treated endoscopically, often with balloon dilatation (BD) or bougie dilators. However, recurrent esophageal strictures have been reported after BD, and severe complications sometimes occur. The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy and complications of endoscopic incisional therapy (EIT) and BD for benign esophageal strictures.Methods: We retrospectively reviewed patients who underwent BD or EIT as primary treatment for benign esophageal strictures between July 2014 and June 2021. Technical success was defined as restoration of the lumen diameter with <30% residual stenosis. Clinical success was defined as no recurrence of dysphagia within 1 month after BD or EIT and an increase of 1 grade or more on the Functional Oral Intake Scale.Results: Thirty patients with benign esophageal stricture were enrolled. There were 16 patients in the BD group and 14 patients in the EIT group. No significant differences in technical and clinical success rates were found between the two groups. Furthermore, no significant differences in the re-stricture rate were observed between the groups. There was one complication in the EIT group and three complications in the BD group. Three patients who underwent BD had re-stricture and underwent EIT thereafter, and we regrouped patients who underwent EIT at least once. The clinical success rate was significantly higher in patients regrouped to the EIT group than in patients who underwent BD only.Conclusions: EIT is not inferior to BD as the primary treatment for benign esophageal strictures, especially for recurrent cases.
Self-generated magnetic field in plasma reconstructed by using inverse Abel transformation in proton radiography
Authors: Deng Luan , Du Bao , Cai Hong-Bo , Kang Dong-Guo , Zhu Shao-Ping ,   School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China,   Graduate School, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Beijing 100088, China,   Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Beijing 100094, China,   Center for Applied Physics and Technology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
Published: November 2022

The magnetic fields generated in plasmas have extensive influences on many processes of the inertial confinement fusion and the astrophysics. Therefore, the quantitative diagnosis of the magnetic field is quite essential. Proton radiography is a widely used experimental technique to diagnose the electric field or magnetic field in high-energy-density plasma. The effective explanation of the results of proton radiography depends on the reliability and availability of the inversion method. Traditional inversion methods can only provide one- or two-dimensional structure of the self-generated magnetic field. In this study, it is found that there is an Abel transformation relationship between the deflection velocity and the magnetic field with column symmetry, which allows us to reconstruct the three-dimensional structure of the magnetic field for the first time. We theoretically deduce the process of reconstructing the cylindrical magnetic field through proton radiography with the Abel inversion algorithm. The feasibility of this method is verified by numerical simulation as well. Based on this inversion method, we reanalyze the proton radiography experimental results of Li et al. (2016 Nat. Commun. 7 13081) on the self-generated magnetic field of plasma jets. The inversion results show that the maximum magnetic field intensity is about 1.9 times the traditional inversion results. We discuss a new proton radiography inversion method for the existence of magnetic fields with cylindrical symmetry in thiswork, which will contributes to an intensive understanding of the self-generated electromagnetic field and its spatiotemporal evolution related to the laser fusion and the laboratory astrophysics.
Quantifying the impact of immune history and variant on SARS-CoV-2 viral kinetics and infection rebound: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Hay James A , Kissler Stephen M , Fauver Joseph R , Mack Christina , Tai Caroline G , Samant Radhika M , Connolly Sarah , Anderson Deverick J , Khullar Gaurav , MacKay Matthew , Patel Miral , Kelly Shannan , Manhertz April , Eiter Isaac , Salgado Daisy , Baker Tim , Howard Ben , Dudley Joel T , Mason Christopher E , Nair Manoj , Huang Yaoxing , DiFiori John , Ho David D , Grubaugh Nathan D , Grad Yonatan H
Published: November 2022

Background:

The combined impact of immunity and SARS-CoV-2 variants on viral kinetics during infections has been unclear.

Methods:

We characterized 1,280 infections from the National Basketball Association occupational health cohort identified between June 2020 and January 2022 using serial RT-qPCR testing. Logistic regression and semi-mechanistic viral RNA kinetics models were used to quantify the effect of age, variant, symptom status, infection history, vaccination status and antibody titer to the founder SARS-CoV-2 strain on the duration of potential infectiousness and overall viral kinetics. The frequency of viral rebounds was quantified under multiple cycle threshold (Ct) value-based definitions.

Results:

Among individuals detected partway through their infection, 51.0% (95% credible interval [CrI]: 48.3–53.6%) remained potentially infectious (Ct <30) 5 days post detection, with small differences across variants and vaccination status. Only seven viral rebounds (0.7%; N=999) were observed, with rebound defined as 3+days with Ct <30 following an initial clearance of 3+days with Ct ≥30. High antibody titers against the founder SARS-CoV-2 strain predicted lower peak viral loads and shorter durations of infection. Among Omicron BA.1 infections, boosted individuals had lower pre-booster antibody titers and longer clearance times than non-boosted individuals.

Conclusions:

SARS-CoV-2 viral kinetics are partly determined by immunity and variant but dominated by individual-level variation. Since booster vaccination protects against infection, longer clearance times for BA.1-infected, boosted individuals may reflect a less effective immune response, more common in older individuals, that increases infection risk and reduces viral RNA clearance rate. The shifting landscape of viral kinetics underscores the need for continued monitoring to optimize isolation policies and to contextualize the health impacts of therapeutics and vaccines.

Funding:

Supported in part by CDC contract #200-2016-91779, a sponsored research agreement to Yale University from the National Basketball Association contract #21-003529, and the National Basketball Players Association.
Reevaluation of Piezo1 as a gut RNA sensor
Authors: Nickolls Alec R , O'Brien Gabrielle S , Shnayder Sarah , Zhang Yunxiao , Nagel Maximilian , Patapoutian Ardem , Chesler Alexander T
Published: November 2022

Piezo1 is a stretch-gated ion channel required for mechanosensation in many organ systems. Recent findings point to a new role for Piezo1 in the gut, suggesting that it is a sensor of microbial single-stranded RNA (ssRNA) rather than mechanical force. If true, this would redefine the scope of Piezo biology. Here, we sought to replicate the central finding that fecal ssRNA is a natural agonist of Piezo1. While we observe that fecal extracts and ssRNA can stimulate calcium influx in certain cell lines, this response is independent of Piezo1. Additionally, sterilized dietary extracts devoid of gut biome RNA show similar cell line-specific stimulatory activity to fecal extracts. Together, our data highlight potential confounds inherent to gut-derived extracts, exclude Piezo1 as a receptor for ssRNA in the gut, and support a dedicated role for Piezo channels in mechanosensing.
The elegance of prickly sensations
Authors: Imambocus Bibi Nusreen , Soba Peter
Published: November 2022

Neurons sensing harmful mechanical forces in the larvae of fruit flies have a striking architecture of dendrites that are optimized to detect pointy objects.
In sync with the heart
Authors: Herman Aleksandra M
Published: November 2022

People actively adjust how they acquire sensory information, such as tactile cues, based on how their bodily functions alter their senses.
Analysis of the Exchange Rate of Small-scale Trammel Net Fishermen in Pangandaran District, Pangandaran Regency
Authors: Suryana Asep Agus Handaka , Saefurahmat Arifiyana , Mulyani Yuniar , Nurhayati Atikah
Published: November 2022

Fishing activities in Pangadaran District are one of the economic sectors that have been supporting regional development and growth. One of the capture fisheries commodities that contribute to improving the economy, especially the fishing profession in Pangandaran District, is shrimp. Generally, fishermen in Pangandaran District use trammel nets to catch shrimp. This study aims to calculate the Fisherman's Exchange Rate (FER) on small-scale fishermen who use trammel nets in Pangandaran District. Fisherman's Exchange Rate is an indicator of economic welfare for fishermen published by Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries. This research was conducted at the Pangandaran and Cikidang Fish Auction Places, Pangandaran District, Pangandaran Regency, West Java, Indonesia in January-August 2022. This research uses a descriptive type of research method with a quantitative approach. The sampling technique used in this research is census. The data used are primary and secondary data with the number of respondents as many as 45 small scale trammel net fishermen in Pangandaran District with interviews. The data analysis method use Fisherman's Exchange Rate (FER). The results of this research indicate that the average exchange rate for small-scale fishermen is 92. FER shows a number < 100. This indicates that small-scale fishermen who use Trammel net fishing gear in Pangandaran District have a deficit. This means that the economic welfare level of fishermen during the calculation period has decreased compared to the welfare level of fishermen in the basic calculation period.
Comparison of Blood Cells Parameters and Complete Blood Count in Diabetic Patients: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Foroutan Majid , Nassaji Mohammad , Oruji Fatemeh
Published: November 2022

Background and Aim: Diabetes is a type of metabolic disorder characterized by increased blood glucose, which is due to insulin resistance, insulin deficiency, or both. Changes in blood cell parameters in diabetes are controversial. The present study aimed to assess the blood cell parameters in diabetic patients compared to healthy individuals.

Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on 540 cases (270 diabetic patients and 270 healthy individuals) over 20 years old who were referred to the clinics affiliated to Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran, in 2018. The complete blood count (CBC) parameters were assessed in both groups, and demographic information was also collected via questionnaires. All the analyses were performed in SPSS software (version 22).

Results: In terms of gender, the majority of participants (61.2%) were female. The white blood cell (WBC) count in diabetic patients was significantly higher than that in the control group (P<0.001), and the hemoglobin (HGB) level was significantly lower in diabetic patients (P=0.009). There was no significant difference in the level of other indices between diabetic and control groups. There was a significant difference between the gender of diabetic patients in HGB, red blood cell (RBC) count, and platelets (PLT) (P<0.001). Moreover, HBG and RBC were less in patients with longer diabetes duration (P<0.001).

Conclusion: The obtained results pointed to a statistically significant difference in some hematological parameters of diabetic patients compared to non-diabetic individuals. More studies are needed to clarify the causal relationship between diabetes and these indices.
Knowledge of Genome Sequencing and Trust in Medical Researchers Among Patients of Different Racial and Ethnic Groups With Idiopathic Dilated Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Ni Hanyu , Jordan Elizabeth , Cao Jinwen , Kinnamon Daniel D. , Gottlieb Stephen S. , Hofmeyer Mark , Jimenez Javier , Judge Daniel P. , Kransdorf Evan , Morris Alanna A. , Owens Anjali , Shah Palak , Tang W. H. Wilson , Wang Jessica , Hershberger Ray E.
Published: November 2022

Importance

Cardiovascular disease contributes outsized mortality in patients from underrepresented racial and ethnic groups. Understanding levels of trust in medical researchers and knowledge of genome sequencing may help identify barriers to research participation and develop strategies to educate patients about the role of genetics in cardiovascular disease.

Objective

To assess racial and ethnic differences in trust in medical researchers and genome-sequencing knowledge among patients with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy and determine the association between trust in medical researchers and genome-sequencing knowledge.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This cross-sectional study conducted by a consortium of 25 US heart failure programs included patients with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy defined as left ventricular systolic dysfunction and left ventricular enlargement after excluding usual clinical causes. Enrollment occurred from June 7, 2016, to March 15, 2020.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Percent distributions, means, and associations of genome-sequencing knowledge scores and research trust scores for Hispanic, non-Hispanic Black (hereafter referred to as Black), and non-Hispanic White participants (hereafter referred to as White).

Results

Among 1121 participants, mean (SD) age was 51.6 (13.6) years with 41.4% Black, 8.5% Hispanic, and 43.4% female. After accounting for site effects, the level of genome-sequencing knowledge was lower in Hispanic and Black participants compared with White participants (mean score difference, −2.6; 95% CI, −3.9 to −1.2 and mean score difference, −2.9; 95% CI, −3.6 to −2.2, respectively). The level of trust in researchers was lowest in Black participants (mean score, 27.7), followed by Hispanic participants (mean score, 29.4) and White participants (mean score, 33.9). Racial and ethnic differences remained after adjusting for education, age at enrollment, duration of dilated cardiomyopathy, and health status. A higher level of trust was associated with a higher level of genome-sequencing knowledge within different racial and ethnic groups.

Conclusions and Relevance

In this cross-sectional study, large racial and ethnic differences in levels of genome-sequencing knowledge and trust in medical researchers were observed among patients with dilated cardiomyopathy. Findings from this study can inform future studies that aim to enhance the uptake of genomic knowledge and level of trust in medical researchers.
Angiosarcoma Mimicking Rhinophyma
Authors: Hilhorst Niels , Verhaeghe Evelien , Brochez Lieve
Published: November 2022

This case report describes a man in his 60s who was referred to the department of dermatology for further evaluation of a lesion on the nose.
Association Between Loneliness and Postoperative Mortality Among Medicare Beneficiaries
Authors: Shen Mary R. , Suwanabol Pasithorn A. , Howard Ryan A. , Hu Hsou Mei , Levine Deborah A. , Langa Kenneth M. , Waljee Jennifer F.
Published: November 2022

This cohort study uses data from the Health and Retirement Study and Medicare claims to examine the association between loneliness and postoperative mortality after elective vs nonelective surgery among older adults.
Contemporary Surgical Management of Pancreatic Necrosis
Authors: Maurer Lydia R. , Fagenholz Peter J.
Published: November 2022

Importance

For decades, infected or symptomatic pancreatic necrosis was managed by open surgical necrosectomy, an approach that has now been largely supplanted by an array of techniques referred to as the step-up approach.

Observations

This review describes the evidence base behind the step-up approach, when to use the different techniques, and their technical basics. The most common treatment strategies are included: percutaneous drainage, video-assisted retroperitoneal debridement, sinus tract endoscopy, endoscopic transgastric necrosectomy, and surgical transgastric necrosectomy. Also included is the evidence base around management of common complications that can occur during step-up management, such as hemorrhage, intestinal fistula, and thrombosis, in addition to associated issues that can arise during step-up management, such as the need for cholecystectomy and disconnected pancreatic duct syndrome.

Conclusions and Relevance

The treatment strategies highlighted in this review are those most commonly used during step-up management, and this review is designed as a guide to the evidence base underlying these strategies, as surgeons tailor their therapeutic approach to individual patients.
ADMET Polymerization
Authors: Rojas Giovanni , Wagener Kenneth B. , Pribyl Julia
Published: November 2022

Acyclic diene metathesis (ADMET) polymerization is a synthetic strategy used to prepare polyolefins decorated with precisely spaced functional groups. Offered here is a survey of monomer design and synthesis, expert advice on α,ω‐diene monomer synthesis and purification, and a guide to selecting the optimal catalyst. In light of the advances in olefin metathesis catalysts and the library of ADMET polymers prepared, a discussion of what has been learned from these carefully prepared precision polymers is presented.
SIRT3 inhibition suppresses hypoxia‐inducible factor 1α signaling and alleviates hypoxia‐induced apoptosis of type B spermatogonia GC‐2 cells
Authors: Wang Zixuan , Zhu Chunchun , Song Yangyang , Chen Xiaoyun , Zheng Jie , He Lian , Liu Xing , Chen Zhu
Published: November 2022

Hypoxia has been reported to be an important factor leading to male infertility, and it has been reported that hypoxia can induce the apoptosis of mouse spermatogenic cells. Sirtuin 3 (SIRT3) has been reported to promote the degradation of hypoxia‐inducible factor 1α (HIF‐1α), and thus, we hypothesized that SIRT3 may influence hypoxia‐induced apoptosis of spermatogonia. In this study, we overexpressed or inhibited SIRT3 in mouse type B spermatogonia GC‐2 cells and then subjected the cells to hypoxia or normoxia, before examining hypoxia‐responsive gene expression and cell viability. We report that SIRT3 stabilizes hypoxia‐inducible factor 1α (HIF‐1α) and activates its downstream target gene expression in GC‐2 cells. We also show that the SIRT3 inhibitor 3‐TYP suppresses HIF‐1α target gene expression and alleviates hypoxia‐induced apoptosis of GC‐2 cells. Our study reveals the critical role and underlying mechanisms of SIRT3 in hypoxia‐induced apoptosis of mouse type B spermatogonia GC‐2 cells.
Porphyrinic Metal–Organic Framework Quantum Dots for Stable n–i–p Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Liu Yinjiang , Liu Tao , Guo Xi , Hou Meichen , Yuan Yihui , Shi Se , Wang Hui , Zhang Rui‐Zhi , Galiotis Costas , Wang Ning
Published: November 2022

As the power‐conversion efficiency (PCE) of organic–inorganic lead halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs) is approaching the theoretical maximum, the most crucial issue concerns long‐term ambient stability. Here, the application of PCN‐224 quantum dots (QDs) is reported, a typical Zr‐based porphyrinic metal–organic framework (MOF), to enhance the ambient stability of PSCs. PCN‐224 QDs with abundant Lewis‐base groups (e.g., CO, C−N, CN) contribute to high‐quality perovskite films with enlarged grain size and reduced defect density by interaction with under‐coordinated Pb2+. Meanwhile, PCN‐224 QDs enable the well‐matched energy level at the perovskite/hole transport layer (HTL) interface, thereby facilitating hole extraction and transport. More importantly, PCN‐224 QDs‐treated HTL can capture Li+ from bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide additive, leading to the reduced aggregation and less direct contact with moisture for hygroscopic Li‐TFSI. Moreover, PCN‐224 QDs mitigated Li+ ion migration into the perovskite layer, thus avoiding the formation of deleterious defects. The resultant devices yield a champion PCE of 22.51%, along with substantially improved durability, including humidity, thermal and light soaking stabilities. The findings provide a new approach toward efficient and stable PSCs by applying MOF QDs.
Merging Passivation in Synthesis Enabling the Lowest Open‐Circuit Voltage Loss for PbS Quantum Dot Solar Cells
Authors: Liu Yang , Wu Hao , Shi Guozheng , Li Yusheng , Gao Yiyuan , Fang Shiwen , Tang Haodong , Chen Wei , Ma Tianshu , Khan Irfan , Wang Kai , Wang Changlei , Li Xiaofeng , Shen Qing , Liu Zeke , Ma Wanli
Published: November 2022

The high open‐circuit voltage (Voc) loss arising from insufficient surface passivation is the main factor that limits the efficiency of current lead sulfide colloidal quantum dots (PbS CQDs) solar cell. Here, synergistic passivation is performed in the direct synthesis of conductive PbS CQD inks by introducing multifunctional ligands to well coordinate the complicated CQDs surface with the thermodynamically optimal configuration. The improved passivation effect is intactly delivered to the final photovoltaic device, leading to an order lower surface trap density and beneficial doping behavior compared to the control sample. The obtained CQD inks show the highest photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) of 24% for all photovoltaic PbS CQD inks, which is more than twice the reported average PLQY value of ≈10%. As a result, a high Voc of 0.71 V and power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 13.3% is achieved, which results in the lowest Voc loss (0.35 eV) for the reported PbS CQD solar cells with PCE >10%, comparable to that of perovskite solar cells. This work provides valuable insights into the future CQDs passivation strategies and also demonstrates the great potential for the direct‐synthesis protocol of PbS CQDs.
RNA 5‐Methylcytosine Modification Regulates Vegetative Development Associated with H3K27 Trimethylation in Arabidopsis
Authors: Zhang Daolei , Guo Weijun , Wang Ting , Wang Yifan , Le Liang , Xu Fan , Wu Yue , Wuriyanghan Hada , Sung Zinmay Renee , Pu Li
Published: November 2022

Methylating RNA post‐transcriptionally is emerging as a significant mechanism of gene regulation in eukaryotes. The crosstalk between RNA methylation and histone modification is critical for chromatin state and gene expression in mammals. However, it is not well understood mechanistically in plants. Here, the authors report a genome‐wide correlation between RNA 5‐cytosine methylation (m5C) and histone 3 lysine27 trimethylation (H3K27me3) in Arabidopsis. The plant‐specific Polycomb group (PcG) protein EMBRYONIC FLOWER1 (EMF1) plays dual roles as activators or repressors. Transcriptome‐wide RNA m5C profiling revealed that m5C peaks are mostly enriched in chromatin regions that lacked H3K27me3 in both wild type and emf1 mutants. EMF1 repressed the expression of m5C methyltransferase tRNA specific methyltransferase 4B (TRM4B) through H3K4me3, independent of PcG‐mediated H3K27me3 mechanism. The 5‐Cytosine methylation on targets is increased in emf1 mutants, thereby decreased the mRNA transcripts of photosynthesis and chloroplast genes. In addition, impairing EMF1 activity reduced H3K27me3 levels of PcG targets, such as starch genes, which are de‐repressed in emf1 mutants. Both EMF1‐mediated promotion and repression of gene activities via m5C and H3K27me3 are required for normal vegetative growth. Collectively, t study reveals a previously undescribed epigenetic mechanism of RNA m5C modifications and histone modifications to regulate gene expression in eukaryotes.
Testing different3Dtechniques using geometric morphometrics: Implications for cranial fluctuating asymmetry in humans
Authors: Olsen Trine Bottos , García‐Martínez Daniel , Villa Chiara
Published: November 2022

This study aimed to test the performance of 3D digitizer, CT scanner, and surface scanner in detecting cranial fluctuating asymmetry. Sets of 32 landmarks (6 in the midline and 13 bilateral) were acquired from 14 archeological crania using a 3D digitizer, and from 3D models generated from a CT scanner and surface scanner using Viewbox 4. Levels of shape variation were analyzed in MorphoJ using Procrustes analysis of variance and Principal component analysis. Intra‐observer error accounted for 1.7%, 1.8%, and 4.5% of total shape variation for 3D digitizer, CT scanner, and surface scanner respectively. Fluctuating asymmetry accounted for 15%–16% of total shape variation. Variation between techniques accounted for 18% of total shape variation. We found a higher level of missing landmarks in our surface scan data than for both 3D digitizer and CT scanner data, and both 3D model‐based techniques sometimes obscured taphonomic damage. All three 3D techniques are appropriate for measuring cranial fluctuating asymmetry. We advise against combining data collected with different techniques.
Willingness of women‐led businesses in Pakistan to join formal e‐commerce platforms
Authors: Hasan Syed M. , Mustafa Khan M. Raza , Arif Verda
Published: November 2022

An equitable distribution of economic benefits from the recent growth of e‐commerce in Pakistan requires inclusive adoption of formal digital marketplaces. The available literature and focused discussions reveal that most women‐led businesses rely on informal e‐commerce managed through social media applications and have incomplete and often incorrect information on the benefits and choices related to the formal platforms. To inform and motivate women‐led micro, small and medium enterprises, this study deploys an information treatment through a randomised control trial of 300 women entrepreneurs in large urban centres of Pakistan. Results show that women entrepreneurs were responsive to the information, as the treated businesses were 10 percentage points more likely to opt for formal e‐commerce than the control group. The study is policy relevant as the methodology allows simple and inexpensive replication to scale up the treatment for better business growth for women entrepreneurs in Pakistan.
Comparative anatomy of the middle cerebral artery, rhinal and endorhinal sulci, piriform lobe, entorhinal cortex, olfactory tubercule, anterior perforate substance, and hippocampus: A dissection study
Authors: Kier E. Leon , Conlogue Gerald J.
Published: November 2022

The literature describing the complex anatomy of the middle cerebral artery (MCA), lenticulostriate arteries, and recurrent artery of Heubner, does not discuss the comparative anatomy of the cerebrum, MCA, the recurrent artery of Heubner, and the relationship of the MCA with the rhinal sulci. The entorhinal literature does not detail the comparative anatomic modification of the rhinal and endorhinal sulci, piriform lobe and the hippocampus's compressed positional change in the temporal lobe. This investigation's objectives were to analyze the comparative anatomic modifications of the cerebrum, the MCA, lenticulostriate arteries, recurrent artery of Heubner, olfactory tubercule, anterior perforate substance, rhinal sulcus, endorhinal sulcus, piriform lobe, entorhinal cortex, and hippocampus. Brain dissections of adult iguana, rabbit, sheep, cat, dog, macaque, human and human fetal specimens were analyzed. The MCA branches enter the striate nuclei via the endorhinal sulcus, with few branches present in the rhinal sulcus. Modifications of the cerebrum, with the development of gyri and sulci and opercula covering the insula, changes the linear surface configuration of the MCA into a tridimensional one. Similar changes are present in human fetal specimens. The cerebral neocortical expansion changes the position of the rhinal and endorhinal sulci, their relationship with the MCA, the size of the olfactory tubercule, the position and size of the piriform lobe, and the diagonal course of the lenticulostriates and recurrent artery of Heubner. The hippocampus becomes compressed in the inferomedial region of the human temporal lobe. The lenticulostriate arteries are likely the first developed component of the MCA.
Late‐stage Modification of Cage Diones by Tandem Metathesis
Authors: Kotha Sambasivarao , Mehta Gulazarahind
Published: November 2022

Herein, we report the application of tandem ring‐opening cross‐metathesis (ROCM) and tandem ring‐opening cross‐metathesis followed by cross‐metathesis (ROCM/CM) in highly strained diastereomeric heptacyclic cage diones (HCCD's) catalyzed by ruthenium catalysts. These caged diastereomeric compounds have a high degree of ring strain as well as steric congestion. Therefore, the present work related to ROCM is unique and intricate as compared to simple norbornene derivatives. It is useful to prepare new hexacyclic cage derivatives suitable for high‐energy density materials. The synthetic strategy of starting cage compounds features the Diels‐Alder reaction, and [2+2] photocycloaddition as key steps.
No neonates without adults
Authors: Lemke Noah B. , Dickerson Amy Jean , Tomberlin Jeffery K.
Published: November 2022

With the potential to process the world's agricultural and food waste, provide sustainable fodder for livestock, aquaculture, and pet animals, as well as act as a source of novel biomolecules, the black soldier fly, Hermetia illucens, has been launched into the leading position within the insects as feed industry. Fulfilment of these goals, however, requires mass‐rearing facilities to have a steady supply of neonate larvae, which in‐turn requires an efficient mating process to yield fertile eggs; yet, little is known about adult reproductive behavior, nor what physiological factors lead to its emergence. Moreover, fertile egg production tends to be highly variable in colony. Therefore, this review brings together what is currently known of the organismal biology of H. illucens, compiling information on adult morphology, physiology, biogeography, genomics, and behavioral ecology. As a holistic synthesis, it highlights several directions of interest for research to follow.
Electrically regulated cell‐based intervention for viral infections
Authors: Newmyer Sherri , Ssemadaali Marvin A. , Radhakrishnan Harikrishnan , Javitz Harold S. , Bhatnagar Parijat
Published: November 2022

This work reports on an engineered cell that—when electrically stimulated—synthesizes a desired protein, that is, ES‐Biofactory. The platform has been used to express interferon (IFN)‐β as a universal antiviral protein. Compelling evidence indicates the inevitability of new pandemics and drives the need for a pan‐viral intervention that may be quickly deployed while more specific vaccines are in development. Toward this goal, a fast‐growing mammalian cell (Chassis) has been engineered with multiple synthetic elements. These include—(1) a voltage‐gated Ca2+ channel (Voltage‐Sensor) that, upon sensing the electric field, activates the (2) Ca2+‐mediated signaling pathway (Actuator) to upregulate (3) IFN‐β, via an engineered antiviral transgene (Effector), that is, ES‐Biofactory➔IFN‐β. The antiviral effects of the ES‐Biofactory➔IFN‐β have been validated on severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2)‐infected cells. The irradiated ES‐Biofactory, that does not exhibit oncogenic capacity, continues to exert antiviral effect. The resulting ES‐Biofactory➔IFN‐β uses a novel signaling pathway that, unlike the natural IFN synthesis pathway, is not subject to viral interference. Once clinically validated, the ES‐Biofactory will be a universal antiviral cell therapy that can be immediately deployed in the event of an outbreak. The platform may also be useful in treating other diseases including cancer and autoimmune disorders.
The effect of EGFR‐TKIs on survival in advanced non‐small‐cell lung cancer with EGFR mutations: A real‐world study
Authors: Yu Xiaoqing , Si Jinfei , Wei Jingwen , Wang Yanling , Sun Yan , Jin Jianan , Zhang Xiaoyan , Ma Tonghui , Song Zhengbo
Published: November 2022

Background

Few large‐scale studies have been published using real‐world data related to overall survival (OS) improvements in advanced epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)‐mutant lung cancer patients; therefore, little is known regarding the characteristics of patients who could benefit most from EGFR‐tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). Our study aimed to assess whether EGFR‐TKI treatment confers survival benefits among advanced non‐small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients harboring EGFR mutations in the Chinese population.

Patients and Methods

A total of 6451 advanced NSCLC patients were diagnosed between January 1, 2013 and June 30, 2019 in Zhejiang Cancer Hospital. Ultimately, 2864 patients with a confirmed EGFR mutation genotype were enrolled in our study. OS was measured from the time of diagnosis of advanced NSCLC until death or last follow‐up.

Results

Median follow‐up for OS of advanced EGFR‐mutant NSCLC patients was 28.33 months in our study. Patients who received EGFR‐TKIs demonstrated better survival compared to those without EGFR‐TKI treatment (mOS: 29.77 vs. 22.97 months, p < 0.0001). A total of 451 patients switched to third‐generation EGFR‐TKI treatment and obtained a significantly better survival than those who adopted first‐line third‐generation EGFR‐TKIs or those who did not receive third‐generation EGFR‐TKIs after disease progression with first‐ or second‐generation EGFR‐TKI treatment (mOS: 38.0 vs. 32.5 vs. 28.3 months, p < 0.0001). As for EGFR genotypes, patients with exon 19 deletion showed better OS, followed by those with L858R mutation (32.4 vs. 24.83 months, p = 0.0013). NGS versus PCR testing showed no statistical differences with respect to survival outcomes (mOS: 27.5 vs. 27.47 months, p = 0.6745).

Conclusion

Advanced EGFR‐mutant patients treated with EGFR‐TKIs obtained absolute superior survival in the Chinese population.
IVIG for refractory dysphagia in Antisynthetase syndrome: A truth hard to swallow
Authors: Alnoukari Mais , De La Garza Oziel Garza , Al Gburi Karrar , Patel Niral , Lopez Henderson , Shamim Muhammad , Kwang Henry
Published: November 2022

Refractory dysphasia could be the main symptom of Antisynthetase syndrome (ASS). IVIG may have a major impact in the successful treatment of dysphasia in patients with ASS. In our patient with ASS, IVIG treatment was an unreplaceable treatment option, and the patient regains her ability to swallow within 2 days.
A rare case of sphenoid sinus lymphoma
Authors: Risavi Brian L. , Elwell Kevin , Whiteman Courtney
Published: November 2022

Malignancy of the sphenoid sinus is rare. Tumors may extend to adjacent anatomic structures before detection and may be easily missed. Outcomes are typically poor and vary by tumor type. Clinicians should maintain vigilance for neoplastic disease in patients presenting with headache and ocular/neurological complaints of the face/sinuses.
Phospholenes from Phosphabenzenes by Selective Ring Contraction
Authors: Lin Jinxiong , Coles Nathan T. , Dettling Lea , Steiner Luca , Felix Witte J. , Paulus Beate , Müller Christian
Published: November 2022

A 3‐amino‐functionalized phosphabenzene (phosphinine) has been synthesized and structurally characterized. The pyramidalized nitrogen atom of the dimethylamino substituent indicates only a weak interaction between the lone pair of the nitrogen atom and the aromatic phosphorus heterocycle, resulting in somewhat basic character. It turned out that the amino group can indeed be protonated by HCl. In contrast to pyridines, however, the phosphabenzene‐ammonium salt undergoes a selective ring contraction to form a hydroxylphospholene oxide in the presence of additional water. Based on deuterium labeling experiments and quantum chemical calculations, a rational mechanism for this hitherto unknown conversion is proposed.
Dynamic synergistic modelling for cobalt removal process in zinc hydrometallurgy and the research of parameter estimation based on unscented Kalman filter
Authors: Wang Qianqian , An Aimin , Tang Minan , Lu Jiawei , Sun Bei
Published: November 2022

The cobalt removal process with arsenic salt of zinc hydrometallurgy has serious non‐linearity, uncertainty, and mutual coupling. Its accurate dynamic modelling has always been a challenging problem. On the basis of in‐depth analysis of cobalt removal process and reaction mechanism, considering the cascade relationship between the reactors, a dynamic synergistic continuously stirred tank reactor (SCSTR) mechanism model of the cobalt removal process was constructed. Aiming at the unknown parameters in the SCSTR model, the idea of the Kalman filter was introduced, and the unknown parameters were characterized as unknown states; a method of estimating the unknown model parameters was developed using the augmented state equation and the unscented Kalman filter (UKF) algorithm. Simulation results with industrial data of a zinc smeltery showed that the parameter estimation model has high accuracy, and the estimated parameters can be used in the SCSTR model. An intensive simulation analysis of the dynamic characteristics of the complete SCSTR model was carried out to verify the influence of different input disturbances on the output ion concentration of each reactor, which demonstrated the excellent dynamic performance and potential of the model. Ultimately, according to the industrial calculation analysis, the SCSTR model has a guiding effect on the addition of zinc powder in the reactors, overcomes the blindness in the production process, and provides a momentous basis for the optimization control of the cobalt removal process.
Study on the electrochemical behaviour of Al3+ in LiCl‐KCl‐AlCl3 melt
Authors: Zhang Yuanjing , Zhao Jia , Lu Guimin
Published: November 2022

The electrochemical behaviour of Al3+ reduction on a tungsten electrode in LiCl‐KCl‐AlCl3 molten salt was investigated by electrochemical techniques. Using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and square wave voltammetry (SWV), Al3+ was reduced to Al in one step, and Li was deposited on Al to form Al‐Li alloys of different compositions. According to chronoamperometry (CA), co‐deposition of Li‐Al alloys can be obtained at cathode current densities greater than 0.045 A cm−2 or cathode potentials lower than −2.28 V (vs. Ag/AgCl). The apparent standard potential was calculated using the equilibrium electrode potential obtained from the open‐circuit chronopotentiometry. Al3+ diffusion coefficient calculated by CV at 703 K is 0.82 × 10−5 cm2/s. In addition, the diffusion activation energy of Al3+ in LiCl‐KCl‐AlCl3 molten salt was also obtained using the Arrhenius equation. The linear polarization was used to calculate exchange current density at different temperatures. Based on the theoretical model of metal nucleation deposition developed by Scharifker and Hills, the nucleation process of Al3+ involves instantaneous nucleation in the range of 673~763 K.
Comparative study of one‐pot and facile methods to synthesize codoped CQDs with low band gap and photovoltaic properties
Authors: Fakheri Mehraneh , Fatemi Shohreh , Rahimi Kakolaki Reza
Published: November 2022

Three different one‐pot methods of electrochemical, solvothermal, and pyrolysis were applied for the synthesis of nitrogen‐doped carbon quantum dots (N‐CQDs), N‐F codoped carbon quantum dots (CQDs), and N‐S codoped CQDs from monoethanolamine and citric acid precursors. Ammonium fluoride and/or thiourea were used as the precursors of the second dopant corporation. The effective synthesis parameters were studied on the basis of the factorial experimental design methodology to maximize absorption edge and reduce band gap in UV‐visible spectroscopy. Among the best results, the synthesized N‐F/CQDs prepared from ammonium fluoride and citric acid in monoethanolamine revealed the highest absorption edge of 650 nm, the band gap of 1.91 eV, and the particle size of 24 ± 7 nm using the pyrolysis method. The X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis indicated simultaneous doping of F and N atoms in the CQDs structure, and the photoluminescence (PL) analysis revealed excitation‐dependent properties, which are effective for optical sensor and solar cell applications.
The multidisciplinary management of cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Ohaegbulam Kim C. , Koethe Yilun , Fung Alice , Mayo Skye C. , Grossberg Aaron J. , Chen Emerson Y. , Sharzehi Kaveh , Kardosh Adel , Farsad Khashayar , Rocha Flavio G. , Thomas Charles R. , Nabavizadeh Nima
Published: November 2022

Cholangiocarcinoma is a lethal malignancy of the biliary epithelium that can arise anywhere along the biliary tract. Surgical resection confers the greatest likelihood of long‐term survivability. However, its insidious onset, difficult diagnostics, and resultant advanced presentation render the majority of patients unresectable, highlighting the importance of early detection with novel biomarkers. Developing liver‐directed therapies and emerging targeted therapeutics may offer improved survivability for patients with unresectable or advanced disease. In this article, the authors review the current multidisciplinary standards of care in resectable and unresectable cholangiocarcinoma, with an emphasis on novel biomarkers for early detection and nonsurgical locoregional therapy options.
General Doping Chemistry of Carbon Materials
Authors: Boshir Ahmed Mohammad , Alom Jahangir , Hasan Md. Saif , Asaduzzaman Md. , Rahman Md. Saifur , Hossen Raqibul , Abu Hasan Johir Mohammad , Taufiq Alam Mohammad , Zhou John L. , Zhu Yanqiu , Zargar Masoumeh
Published: November 2022

Carbon has an extraordinary ability to bind with itself and other elements, resulting in unique structures for a wide range of applications. Recently, intensive research has been focused on the properties of carbon‐based materials (CBMs) and on increasing their performance by doping them with metals and non‐metallic elements. While materials with excellent performance have been experimentally achieved, a fundamental knowledge of the relationship between the electronic, physical, and electrochemical properties and their structural features, particularly the chemistry of carbon‐based materials remains a top challenge. This review begins with the doping chemistries of CBMs, covering the role of electron affinity, orbital chemistry, the chemistry of band gap, conductivity, bonding type, spin redistribution, and conducting relevant comparisons. These will lead to providing an in‐depth understanding of the overall picture in the CBMs doping chemistry particularly as catalysts. The future research prospects and challenges for doped CBMs are highlighted.
Highly Ordered and Thermally Stable FeRh Cluster Superlattice on Graphene for Low‐Temperature Catalytic CO Oxidation
Authors: Yin Hao , de Groot Jean‐Guillaume , Brune Harald
Published: November 2022

We report on bimetallic FeRh clusters with a narrow size‐distribution grown on graphene on Ir(111) as a carbon‐supported model catalyst to promote low‐temperature catalytic CO oxidation. By combining scanning tunneling microscopy with catalytic performance measurements, we reveal that Fe−Rh interfaces are active sites for oxygen activation and CO oxidation, especially at low temperatures. Rh core Fe shell clusters not only provide the active sites for the reaction, but also thermally stabilize surface Fe atoms towards coarsening compared with pure Fe clusters. Alternate isotope‐labelled CO/O2 pulse experiments show opposite trends on preferential oxidation (PROX) performance because of surface hydroxyl species formation and competitive adsorption between CO and O2. The present results introduce a general strategy to stabilize metallic clusters and to reveal the reaction mechanisms on bimetallic structures for low‐temperature catalytic CO oxidation as well as preferential oxidation.
A linear profit function for economic weights of linear phenotypic selection indices in plant breeding
Authors: Cerón‐Rojas J. Jesus , Gowda Manje , Toledo Fernando , Beyene Yoseph , Bentley Alison R. , Crespo‐Herrera Leo , Gardner Keith , Crossa Jose
Published: November 2022

The profit function (net returns minus costs) allows breeders to derive trait economic weights to predict the net genetic merit (H) using the linear phenotypic selection index (LPSI). Economic weight is the increase in profit achieved by improving a particular trait by one unit and should reflect the market situation and not only preferences or arbitrary values. In maize (Zea mays L.) and wheat (Triticum aestivum) breeding programs, only grain yield has a specific market price, which makes application of a profit function difficult. Assuming the traits’ phenotypic values have multivariate normal distribution, we used the market price of grain yield and its conditional expectation given all the traits of interest to construct a profit function and derive trait economic weights in maize and wheat breeding. Using simulated and real maize and wheat datasets, we validated the profit function by comparing its results with the results obtained from a set of economic weights from the literature. The criteria to validate the function were the estimated values of the LPSI selection response and the correlation between LPSI and H. For our approach, the maize and wheat selection responses were 1,567.13 and 1,291.5, whereas the correlations were .87 and .85, respectively. For the other economic weights, the selection responses were 0.79 and 2.67, whereas the correlations were .58 and .82, respectively. The simulated dataset results were similar. Thus, the profit function is a good option to assign economic weights in plant breeding.
An energy efficient and QoS routing protocol for MANET realised over multi‐objective red deer algorithm (RD‐MOCER) in support of emergency disaster management
Authors: Krishnakumar V. , Asokan R.
Published: November 2022

Terrorist attacks have contributed significantly to using wireless technologies to identify concrete destruction survivors. A dynamic ad hoc mobile network (MANET) consists of wireless linked nodes, which route hop‐by‐hop without the support of a fixed infrastructure acquires information from trapped survivors. The energy efficiency that extends the lifespan of the network is an essential prerequisite of MANET. Researchers have suggested many strategies to accomplish this purpose and a cluster of these techniques in MANETs are used to provide an energy‐efficient approach. In this paper we are proposing a red deer multi‐objective constraint applied for an energy efficient QoS routing (RD‐MOCER) algorithm to the number of clusters in an ad hoc network and the energy dispensing in nodes to provide an energy effective solution and to minimise network traffic. Intracluster and intercluster traffic is handled by the cluster heads in the proposed approach. The algorithm suggested takes account of mobile nodes' node degrees, transmitting capacity and battery power usage. This approach gives a variety of options at a time, the key benefit of which is that the ideal Pareto front results in these solutions. We correlate the findings with two other well‐known methods of clustering; MOPSO and MOEAQ‐based clustering with different results. We conduct detailed simulations to demonstrate that the solution proposed is an effective and stronger solution to clustering in ad hoc cell networks than the other two techniques.