bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tacos, Sriracha et sauce soya : le marketing qui nous fait aimer ces aliments venus d’ailleurs
Authors: LeBel Jordan L. , Le Bouthillier Marie
Published: May 2019

Les aliments « ethniques », appartenant à un répertoire culinaire venu d’ailleurs, sont aujourd’hui une réalité bien présente sur les tablettes d’épicerie et dans les garde-manger canadiens. Par le biais de quelles tactiques marketing ces aliments ont-ils pris leur place dans nos paniers d’épicerie et nos habitudes alimentaires ? Dans cet article, nous présentons trois études de cas (les tacos, la sauce Sriracha et la sauce soya) et dégageons quelques leçons tirées des tactiques marketing qui ont rendu ces aliments populaires. Ces cas soulignent, entre autres, le rôle et l’importance de l’entrepreneuriat et des influenceurs qui ont façonné la trajectoire commerciale de ces aliments ainsi que la relation que les consommateurs ont développée avec ceux-ci.
Savourer le Japon d’Aki Shimazaki
Authors: Lambert-Perreault Marie-Christine
Published: May 2019

Depuis les 25 dernières années, des écrivaines venues d’Asie publient en français au Québec et au Canada des oeuvres témoignant d’un « imaginaire trans-local » (Lequin, 2008), qui construit de la convergence et du décentrement. Si la représentation de la nourriture et de la sensorialité – souvent associées à l’identité et aux affects des protagonistes – commence à être étudiée chez Ying Chen ou Kim Thúy, la production d’Aki Shimazaki, écrivaine québécoise d’origine japonaise, a encore été peu envisagée dans cette perspective, et ce, même si le fait alimentaire est mentionné de manière ponctuelle dans la plupart de ses récits. Cet article étudie l’inscription littéraire de la nourriture dans les ensembles romanesques shimazakiens « Le poids des secrets » (1999-2004), « Au coeur du Yamato » (2006-2013) et « L’ombre du chardon » (2014-2018), dans la mesure où celle-ci est informée par l’expérience transculturelle vécue par l’auteure. Il fait valoir que les descriptions culinaires et alimentaires sont régies chez Shimazaki par une esthétique de la distance, qu’elles témoignent d’une proximité avec la nature, qu’elles obéissent à certains codes culturels et qu’elles sont ancrées dans l’espace social japonais (domestique, semi-public et public).
Le secret des Vietnamiennes de Kim Thúy. Le goût de la transmission
Authors: Pierre Emeline
Published: May 2019

Le secret des Vietnamiennes (2017) est la dernière parution de Kim Thúy qui confirme la place que la nourriture occupe dans l’oeuvre de l’auteure. Dans ce livre, elle rend hommage à la cuisine de son pays d’origine dont les femmes ont su conserver les recettes, même en situation d’exil. Habituellement transmises dans l’espace de la famille, les recettes proposées invitent au dépaysement. C’est pourquoi la question de la mise en scène de l’exotisme culinaire sera explorée comme support à une relecture de l’histoire familiale.
Diferencias autonómicas en la composición de la desigualdad en la expectativa de matriculación universitaria: efectos primarios y efectos secundarios
Authors: Valdés Fernández Manuel Tomás
Published: May 2019

El crecimiento del nivel universitario en España ha sido muy intenso durante décadas. No obstante, las desigualdades en el acceso a la universidad han permanecido. La creación del Espacio Europeo de Educación Superior trajo consigo un renovado interés por abordar la dimensión social de la universidad, especialmente en lo tocante a la equidad en el acceso al nivel universitario. A partir de la oleada 2015 del estudio PISA, el presente trabajo pone de manifiesto las muy importantes desigualdades que aún hoy perviven en la expectativa de matriculación universitaria del alumnado español de 15 años, especialmente en algunas regiones del país como la Comunidad Valenciana o las Islas Baleares. Dicha desigualdad ha sido descompuesta a partir de la noción de efectos primarios y secundarios del origen social, a fin de determinar las formas más eficaces para que las distintas regiones aborden las desigualdades en el acceso a la universidad.
El ingreso a carreras de alta o baja demanda en una universidad mexicana: ¿qué influye en la elección?
Authors: López Ramírez Mónica
Published: May 2019

En este artículo se analiza la elección por una carrera de alta o baja demanda entre estudiantes de una de las principales universidades públicas mexicanas. Por un lado, se realiza una caracterización de una muestra de 1370 estudiantes a su ingreso a la universidad, contrastando de acuerdo con los resultados académicos obtenidos en el nivel educativo previo. Por otro, se analiza la incidencia de las condiciones sociales y culturales de origen de los estudiantes, así como su trayectoria académica previa en las probabilidades de elegir una carrera de alta y baja demanda en la universidad. Los resultados muestran que las mujeres, estudiantes mayores a 19 años, con padres que cuenten con educación superior, que hayan concluido el nivel educativo previo en el tiempo reglamentado, con promedios altos y que provengan del sistema de bachillerato de la UNAM, tienen mayores probabilidades de elegir carreras de alta demanda.
Entre lo público y lo privado: acceso y equidad en la educación superior en México y Brasil, 2000-2016
Authors: Márquez Jiménez Alejandro , Alcántara Santuario Armando
Published: May 2019

Los objetivos del trabajo consisten en analizar en dos países de mediano nivel de desarrollo, el avance que han tenido en términos de la cobertura y la distribución a nivel estatal de las oportunidades de acceso equitativo a la educación superior en el periodo 2000 y 2016. Los países seleccionados, México y Brasil, muestran importantes similitudes en algunas de sus características demográficas, socioeconómicas y educativas. Sin embargo, difieren de manera importante en las estrategias que han seguido en el desarrollo de sus respectivos sistemas de educación superior, en términos de la preponderancia de los sectores público y privado. El análisis se sustenta en pruebas de correlación lineal aplicado a diversos indicadores económicos, sociales y educativos para los años 2000 y 2016. Los resultados muestran que en el periodo considerado ambos países lograron avances en la cobertura, pero tendieron a mantener las inequidades y asimetrías entre las entidades federativas (estados) de ambos países, notándose este efecto en mayor medida en el caso brasileño. En perspectiva, se asume que los resultados del análisis no son concluyentes como para definir cuál de las estrategias seguidas por los países analizados resultan más efectivas para ampliar la cobertura de la educación superior con equidad, dado que en ambos las estrategias utilizadas han resultado ampliamente insuficientes para generar cambios relevantes en la distribución de las oportunidades de acceso a la educación superior a nivel estatal.
ConFindr: rapid detection of intraspecies and cross-species contamination in bacterial whole-genome sequence data
Authors: Low Andrew J. , Koziol Adam G. , Manninger Paul A. , Blais Burton , Carrillo Catherine D.
Published: May 2019

Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) of bacterial pathogens is currently widely used to support public-health investigations. The ability to assess WGS data quality is critical to underpin the reliability of downstream analyses. Sequence contamination is a quality issue that could potentially impact WGS-based findings; however, existing tools do not readily identify contamination from closely-related organisms. To address this gap, we have developed a computational pipeline, ConFindr, for detection of intraspecies contamination. ConFindr determines the presence of contaminating sequences based on the identification of multiple alleles of core, single-copy, ribosomal-protein genes in raw sequencing reads. The performance of this tool was assessed using simulated and lab-generated Illumina short-read WGS data with varying levels of contamination (0–20% of reads) and varying genetic distance between the designated target and contaminant strains. Intraspecies and cross-species contamination was reliably detected in datasets containing 5% or more reads from a second, unrelated strain. ConFindr detected intraspecies contamination with higher sensitivity than existing tools, while also being able to automatically detect cross-species contamination with similar sensitivity. The implementation of ConFindr in quality-control pipelines will help to improve the reliability of WGS databases as well as the accuracy of downstream analyses. ConFindr is written in Python, and is freely available under the MIT License at github.com/OLC-Bioinformatics/ConFindr.
Prevalence and contributing factors of dental caries of 6-year-old children in four regions of China
Authors: Wang Zhaoyou , Rong Wensheng , Zhang Ying , Zeng Xiaojuan , Li Zhiqiang , Liu Zhiwen
Published: May 2019

Background

From 2005 to 2015, the prevalence of dental caries in both primary and permanent dentitions was significantly increased in China. Previous studies have shown that the prevalence of permanent dental caries in school-aged children had already reached 19.7%–54.0%, 97.5% affecting first permanent molars. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and contributing factors of dental caries in 6-year-old children in four regions of China to provide information for oral health promotion programs.

Methods

A randomized cluster sampling method was employed in the study. All 6-year-old first grade children from the selected schools were invited to receive a clinical oral examination. Dental caries were diagnosed according to the World Health Organization criteria. The erupting first permanent molars were recorded using the modified International Caries Detection Assessment System. Questionnaires assessing children’s oral health-related behaviors and their caretakers’ oral health awareness and attitudes were completed by the children’s parents or guardians.

Results

Overall, 4,936 6-year-old school children participated in the survey. The prevalence of caries among these children was 87.7%, with a mean number of decayed, missing and filled teeth of 6.04 (SD, 4.24). In primary dentition, the caries prevalence was 87.7%, and the mean dmft score was 6.01 (SD, 4.22). In permanent dentition, the caries prevalence was 2.0%, the mean DFS score was 0.04 (SD, 0.31). All permanent dental caries occurred on the first permanent molars. Carious tooth surfaces were identified as modified ICDAS code “A” to indicate initial caries and distinct visual change in enamel. The mean DAS score of non-cavitated caries in the first permanent molars was 0.18 (SD, 0.67). Logistic regression analysis showed that regional and gender factors were significantly related to the caries experience of these children.

Conclusions

The 6-year-old children from four regions of China had sever primary dental caries and the first permanent molars were at high risk for dental caries. It is critical to protect permanent teeth from caries as early as the eruption of the first permanent molars.
Climatic niche comparison across a cryptic species complex
Authors: Zhao Qing , Zhang Hufang , Wei Jiufeng
Published: May 2019

According to current molecular evidence, theChionaspis pinifoliae heterophyllaespecies complex has been recognized as 10 cryptic species. In this study, we construct potential distribution maps for seven cryptic species based on climatic variables. This was done to assess the main environmental factors that have contributed to the distribution map and test the degree of niche overlap across the seven cryptic species. We used MaxEnt to build the climatic niche models under climatic variables. For these models, the similarities and differences of the niches across the cryptic species were estimated. By comparing the potential distribution model of each cryptic species, our results suggested parapatric, sympatric and allopatry populations for this cryptic species complex. Our results showed high variability in niche overlap, and more often niche conservatism than niche divergence. The current species delimitation of theChionaspis pinifoliae heterophyllaecomplex by molecular information and the hypothesis that the niche overlap in the sympatric population is higher than that of the allopatry population were supported based on the findings. This study will provide baseline data and a distribution range to facilitate the further control of these insects and formulate quarantine measures.
Influence of foetal inflammation on the development of meconium aspiration syndrome in term neonates with meconium-stained amniotic fluid
Authors: Yokoi Kyoko , Iwata Osuke , Kobayashi Satoru , Muramatsu Kanji , Goto Haruo
Published: May 2019

Background

Meconium-stained amniotic fluid is observed in approximately 10–15% of all deliveries; however, only 5% of neonates with meconium-stained amniotic fluid develop meconium aspiration syndrome (MAS). Although foetal distress and subsequent sympathetic stimulation have been considered as the primary upstream events of MAS, this clinical complication sometimes occurs due to other pathologies, such as intraamniotic inflammation. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the incidence of MAS is associated with the presence of funisitis and chorioamnionitis in term neonates with meconium-stained amniotic fluid.

Methods

Between April 2013 and March 2015, a total of 95 term neonates with meconium-stained amniotic fluid, who were hospitalized at a neonatal intensive care unit, were enrolled in the study. The placenta and umbilical cord were histopathologically examined. Clinical variables and histopathological findings associated with the incidence of MAS were studied.

Results

A total of 36 neonates developed MAS. Univariate logistic regression analysis revealed that a heavier birth weight, male sex, 1-min Apgar score ≤ 7, funisitis (but not chorioamnionitis), and elevated acute-phase inflammatory reaction score were associated with increased incidence of MAS (all p < 0.05). The multivariate model comprised funisitis (OR = 5.03, 95% CI [1.63–15.5], 1-min Apgar score ≤ 7 (OR = 2.74, 95% CI [1.06–7.09], and male sex (OR = 3.4, 95% CI [1.24–9.34].

Conclusion

In neonates with meconium-stained amniotic fluid, funisitis, as well as low 1-min Apgar score and male sex, was identified as an independent variable for MAS development. Intraamniotic inflammation might be involved in the pathological mechanisms of MAS.
A ANÁLISE DA FALA DE UMA ESTUDANTE PARALISADA CEREBRAL E SUA PERSPECTIVA SOBRE A APRENDIZAGEM EM MATEMÁTICA / THE ANALYSIS OF THE SPEECH OF A PARALYZED CEREBRAL STUDENT AND ITS PERSPECTIVE ON MATHEMATICAL LEARNING
Authors: Ribeiro Dilson Ferreira , Lara Isabel Cristina Machado de
Published: May 2019

As práticas que levam em consideração limitações e habilidades de todos deve estar presente no dia a dia dos professores. O objetivo é entender como uma estudante paralisada cerebral aprendia Matemática em sua Educação Básica. Como referencial destacam-se: Imbernón (2016) na formação de professores; Mantoan (2008) sobre a Escola Inclusiva; Hoffmann (2012) na referência sobre as habilidades de um paralisado cerebral e Perrenoud (1999) sobre avaliação. Como procedimento metodológico, foi aplicada uma entrevista semi-estruturada que, por meio da Análise Textual Discursiva (ATD) de Moraes e Galiazzi (2014) serviu como método de análise o qual permitiu emergir categorias as permitiram afirmar o quanto um estudante paralisado cerebral é um estudante com condições de receber as mesmas propostas que os demais colegas, permitindo refletir o quanto a escola pode propiciar momentos em que todos aprendam com as experiências dos outros.
The Universal Coefficient Theorem for Homology and Cohomology an Enigma of Computations
Authors: Nkrumah Frank Kwarteng , Gyampoh Samuel Amoh , Obeng-Denteh William
Published: May 2019

According to Soulie [1], computing the homology of a group is a fundamental question and can be a very difficult task. In his assertion, a complete understanding of all the homology groups of mapping class groups of surfaces and 3-manifolds remains out of reach at present time. It is imperative that we give the universal coefficient theorem the supposed needed attention. In this article, we study some product topologies as well as the kiinneth formula for computing the (co) homology group of product spaces. The paper begins with study on the algebraic background with specific definitions and extends into four theorems considered as the Universal Coefficient Theorem. Though this article does not proof the theorems, yet much is done on some properties of each of these theorems, which is enough for the calculation of (co) homology groups.
Duration and Gender Variations of Gas Flaring and Crude Oil Contamination Exposures on Blood Pressure in Delta State, Nigeria
Authors: Aigbiremolen A. A. , Ativie R. N. , Ekene E. N. , Asemota K. E.
Published: May 2019

As adverse effects and health implications of human exposures to petroleum products (crude oil) remains an issue of public concern, interests on the different adverse effects on various body system has grown in recent years. Current study investigated the duration and age dependent effect of exposure of the cardiovascular system (CVS) to gas flaring and crude oil contamination in selected communities of Delta State, southern Nigeria. Two Hundred and Forty (240) subjects, who were exposed to gas flaring and crude oil contamination were ethically recruited from Agbarho [Ughelli North Local government Area (LGA)] and Bomadi (Bomadi LGA) in Delta State, Nigeria. One hundred and twenty (120) non-exposed individuals were also recruited (control) from Abraka, a non-gas flaring community in Ethiope East LGA of the same state. Thereafter, subjects were matched by gender, age, and duration of stay (exposure) to gas flaring and oil contamination in selected towns. In any case, cardiovascular parameters [systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP)] were measured, while obtaining their pulse and mean arterial pressures (PP and MAP respectively) from measured variables. After statistical analysis (using the student t-test), study observed (at p < .05) a statistically significant increase in SBP and MAP for subjects above 10 years and 6 – 10 years of gas flaring exposure (Experimental groups) compared to those who had been exposed for just 1 – 5 years (Control). Study also observed a statistically significant increase in SBP and DBP (of females) for crude contamination exposed subjects for ages greater than 5 years compared to control. A duration-dependent exposure of subjects to increased SBP and DBP, following exposure to gas flaring and crude oil contamination was thus established. Apparently, exposed males showed an increase in average values of PP, MAP, SBP and DBP than the female counterparts. Study therefore ascertained findings from previous studies relating to cardiovascular changes on gas flaring and crude oil exposed humans; confirming gas flaring and oil contamination as potent elicitors of hypertension. Thus, environmental pollutants may act as markers for the screening and identification of CVS high-risk population, prior to actual diagnosis, intervention and prognosis of hypertension. We recommend periodic epidemiological assessment of environmental pollutants as a factor for indexing municipal risk of hypertensive individuals.
Changing Histopathological Pattern of Paediatric Malignant Tumours Seen at the Jos University Teaching Hospital, North-Central, Nigeria
Authors: Yakubu Daniel , Emmanuel Innocent , Mandong Jagshak Barnabas , Mafala Mandong Barnabas
Published: May 2019

Background: Childhood cancer is attracting public health attention in Sub-Saharan Africa because of its’ increasing contribution to morbidity and mortality, and the changing pattern in relative frequency and diagnostic challenges in resources poor settings. The objective of the study was to determine the pattern of malignant childhood tumours in Jos, North-central Nigeria.

Materials and Methods: Records of childhood malignancies diagnosed over a 10 year period was obtained from the hospital cancer registry. Archival paraffin embedded, formalin fixed tissue blocks were retrieved and fresh sections cut and stained with Haematoxylin and Eosin. The slides were reviewed and the histopathological pattern, age, sex and anatomical site of distribution of the tumours were analyzed.

Results: There were 210 cases of childhood malignancies during the period of the study. The male: female ratio was 1.5:1. Mesenchymal tumours predominated (66%), followed by epithelial tumours (32%) and germ cell tumors which accounted for 2% of cases. Soft tissue sarcomas, lymphomas, nephroblastoma and retinoblastoma were the four most common tumours.              Together they accounted for 88% of all cases. Soft tissue sarcoma was the most common tumour group with 77 cases (37%). Rhabdomyosarcoma was the most common of them accounting for 88% of the soft tissue sarcomas. The second most common group of tumours was lymphoma 52(25%) cases: out of which Burkitt’s lymphoma accounted for 64%, non Burkitts non Hodkins lymphomas 31% while Hodgkins Lymphoma had 6%. Retinoblastoma and nephroblastoma occurred among the very young children while STS and lymphomas predominated in the older children.

Conclusion: There is a change in the histopathological pattern of childhood solid malignancies in our environment. Sarcomas are diagnosed more often, a departure from the past where lymphomas were commoner. However Burkitt’s lymphoma is still an important and common childhood cancer.
Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd) Production in the Andean Region: Challenges and Potentials
Authors: Basantes-Morales Emilio R. , Alconada Margarita M. , Pantoja José L.
Published: May 2019

Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd) has functional and nutritional value due to its content of amino acids, antioxidants, vitamins, carbohydrates, starch and oil. It is a crop with a wide geographic distribution in the Andean Region, where the greatest diversity of crop forms, genotypes and wild progenitors is found. It is a short day’s photoperiod plant, with efficient use of water, photosynthesis and stomatal conductance. It prefers loam-sandy to clay loam well-drained soils because it is sensitive to excess moisture. It requires from 10 to 18°C with a thermal oscillation of 5 to 7°C. In Ecuador, quinoa grows between 2500 - 3600 masl; however, in Peru and Bolivia quinoa grows from sea level to 4000 masl. The luminosity of 5 to 7 h day-1 is suitable to meet transpiration and photosynthetic processes. Quinoa is a crop that has all the essential amino acids, suitable mineral elements, vitamins and does not contain gluten. Regarding fertilization, quinoa is highly demanding of N, P, K and Ca. The production volume of quinoa in the Andes is approximate of 180000 t y-1 and uses around 191000 ha, with Peru (the leading world producer) reaching the highest production (105000 t, 69000 ha), followed by Bolivia (75000 t, 121000 ha) and Ecuador (12000 t, 7000 ha). The demand for quinoa has increases in USA (60%) and Europe (90%), but those areas have not the agronomic conditions for quinoa´s growth. This opens an international market opportunity for Andean countries. Nevertheless, quinoa´s production faces several challenges.
Evaluation of Lettuce in Consortium with Carrot in Agroecological Production of Brazil
Authors: Melo Junior João Luciano de Andrade , Melo Luan Danilo Ferreira de Andrade , Silva Laís Gonzaga da , Paes Reinaldo de Alencar , Assis Wesley Oliveira de , Medeiros Lucas dos Santos , Chaves Lívia Francyne Gomes , Morais Ana Caroline de Melo , Souza Rayanne Thalita de Almeida , Junior José Jairo Florentino Cordeiro
Published: May 2019

Agroecology is the science that establishes the basis for construction of sustainable farming styles. The consortium usually to stand out as alternative interesting small for producers with structural and financial limitations, because it is an effective cropping system practiced long ago and found in all parts of the world, with greater diversity in the tropics. The experiment was conducted between August to November 2012 in the municipality of Garanhuns-PE/Brazil It had as objective to observe how the lettuce would behave in consortium with the carrot in an agroecological system of production. The parameters evaluated in the experiment were plant height, total weight of the plant, weight of leaves and number of leaves. The data obtained were submitted to a statistical comparison test between averages of the consortium and non-consortium beds, using Student's t-test at a significance level of 5%. It was observed that the consortium between lettuce and carrot presented a significant difference for most of the studied variables, negatively influencing its growth.
Pharmacological targeting of α‐synuclein and TPPP/p25 in Parkinson's disease: challenges and opportunities in a Nutshell
Authors: Oláh Judit , Ovádi Judit
Published: May 2019

With the aging of population, neurological disorders, and especially disorders involving defects in protein conformation (also known as proteopathies) pose a serious socio‐economic problem. So far there is no effective treatment for most proteopathies, including Parkinson's disease (PD). The mechanism underlying PD pathogenesis is largely unknown, and the hallmark proteins, α‐synuclein (SYN) and tubulin polymerization promoting protein (TPPP/p25) are challenging drug targets. These proteins are intrinsically disordered with high conformational plasticity, and have diverse physiological and pathological functions. In the healthy brain, SYN and TPPP/p25 occur in neurons and oligodendrocytes, respectively; however, in PD and multiple system atrophy, they are co‐enriched and co‐localized in both cell types, thereby marking pathogenesis. Although large inclusions appear at a late disease stage, small, soluble assemblies of SYN promoted by TPPP/p25 are pathogenic. In the light of these issues, we established a new innovative strategy for the validation of a specific drug target based upon the identification of contact surfaces of the pathological SYN‐TPPP/p25 complex that may lead to the development of peptidomimetic foldamers suitable for pharmaceutical intervention.
Comparative Study of Real‐Life Management Strategies in Gout: Data From Two Protocolized Gout Clinics
Authors: te Kampe R. , van Durme C. , Janssen M. , van Eijk‐Hustings Y. , Boonen A. , Jansen T. L.
Published: May 2019

Objective

To compare outcomes of 2 gout clinics that implemented different treatment strategies.

Methods

Patients newly diagnosed with gout and a follow‐up of 9–15 months were included. Co‐primary outcomes were the proportion of patients reaching a serum uric acid (UA) ≤0.36 mmoles/liter and free of flares. Secondary outcomes were the proportion of patients requiring treatment intensification and experiencing adverse events. One clinic adopted a strict serum UA (≤0.30 mmoles/liter target) strategy, with early addition of a uricosuric to allopurinol, and the other clinic adopted a patient‐centered (PC) strategy emphasizing a shared decision based on serum UA and patient satisfaction with gout control. Independent t‐tests or chi‐square tests were used to test differences in outcomes, and logistic regressions were used to adjust the effect of the treatment center on outcomes for confounders.

Results

In total, 126 and 86 patients had a follow‐up mean ± SD of 11.3 ± 1.8 versus 11.1 ± 1.9 months. In the UA strategy, 105 of 126 patients (83%) compared to 63 of 86 (74%) in the PC strategy (P = 0.10) reached the threshold of ≤0.36 mmoles/liter; and 58 of 126 (46%) versus 31 of 86 (36%) were free of flares (P = 0.15). In the UA strategy, 76 of 126 patients (60%) were on allopurinol monotherapy compared to 63 of 86 (73%) in the PC strategy (P = 0.05), yet the number of adverse events was not different (n = 25 [20%] versus n = 20 [23%]; P = 0.55). Adjusting for confounders did not substantially change these associations.

Conclusion

A strict UA strategy resulted in a nonsignificantly higher proportion of patients reaching a serum UA ≤0.36 mmoles/liter and being free of flares. This result was accomplished with significantly more therapy intensification. The small sample size plays a role in the significance of results.
Low‐Dose Methotrexate and Mucocutaneous Adverse Events: Results of a Systematic Literature Review and Meta‐Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Lalani Riyana , Lyu Houchen , Vanni Kathleen , Solomon Daniel H.
Published: May 2019

Objective

Methotrexate (MTX) increases the risk of alopecia and stomatitis, but the prevalence of these adverse events among rheumatic patients taking MTX is poorly defined. We conducted a systematic literature review and meta‐analysis to estimate the prevalence of alopecia and stomatitis with MTX in rheumatic diseases.

Methods

We searched PubMed, The Cochrane Library, and CINAHL databases for double‐blind randomized controlled trials (RCTs) with an MTX monotherapy arm. Alopecia, stomatitis, and oral/mouth ulcers data were extracted. The quality of trials was assessed by 2 authors. We included trials published since 1990 that used at least 10 mg of MTX weekly, coadministered with folic or folinic acid. We estimated the prevalence using random‐effects models because heterogeneity was anticipated. Two estimates of prevalence were included; the lower bound estimate included all trials (assuming no alopecia and stomatitis if not mentioned), and the upper bound estimate included only those that specifically described prevalence estimates of alopecia or stomatitis.

Results

Of 3,954 studies identified, 20 RCTs were included, with a total of 24 MTX monotherapy arms, of which 10 reported the prevalence of alopecia (n = 1,113), and 21 reported stomatitis or mouth/oral ulcers (n = 2,056). The prevalence of alopecia was between 1.0% and 4.9%. The prevalence of stomatitis was between 5.7% and 8.0%.

Conclusion

This meta‐analysis gives more precise estimates of mucocutaneous adverse events that occur in rheumatic disease patients taking MTX. These estimates will help inform patient decision‐making regarding MTX.
Interpenetrating‐Syncretic Micro‐Nano Hierarchy Fibers for Effective Fine Particle Capture
Authors: Wang Yu , Lu Wangyang , Wang Ying , Xu Tiefeng , Chen Wenxing
Published: May 2019

In nature, valuable and essential multilevel hierarchy structures are common in microstructures and macrostructures. Researchers try to emulate these unique structures or obtain inspiration from them. In general, materials with a single structure are easy to prepare but it is difficult to achieve multiple functions or performances simultaneously. Here, a facile method with general applicability and a high yield for preparing interpenetrating‐syncretic micro‐nanocomposite fibers with a multilevel hierarchy structure via bicomponent electrostatic‐centrifugal spinning is introduced. This 3D structure is distinctive and differs from previous micro‐nanocomposite structure, in which nanofibers are embedded through microfibers. The formation of a longer, more complex and diversified path is close to undulating surface, mainly because of microfiber introduction. Those characteristics in favor of improving the capture rate of particle on the surface. Two different preparation routes are designed. By controlling the spinning parameters, samples with an outstanding filtering efficiency, a low pressure drop, a high quality factor, an optical transparency, and an excellent impact resistant are constructed. Because the different fiber diameters assume different functions, this work could be used to construct diverse materials by using suitable polymers in other fields that require different fiber sizes and a solid multilevel hierarchy structure to improve the mechanical properties and corresponding performance.
Growth of Highly Anisotropic 2D Ternary CaTe2O5 Flakes on Molten Glass
Authors: Duan Jincai , Huang Pu , Liu Kailang , Jin Bao , Suleiman Abdulsalam Aji , Zhang Xiuwen , Zhou Xing , Zhai Tianyou
Published: May 2019

Two‐dimensional (2D) ternary compounds (2DTCs) have attracted intensive attention due to the new degree of freedom of modulating physical and chemical properties. However, the controllable synthesis of 2DTCs still remains a great challenge impeding further research and applications. Here, for the first time, ultrathin (≈7.4 nm) ε‐CaTe2O5 flakes with high anisotropy are obtained by a chemical vapor deposition method using soda‐lime glass as the capture substrate. The molten glass adsorbs Te vapor in the gas flow to its surface, which reacts with CaO in the molten substrate leading to the precipitation of ε‐CaTe2O5. Interestingly, ε‐CaTe2O5 flakes display highly anisotropic band structures and optical properties. Furthermore, low‐temperature electrical measurements show that the metal–semiconductor/insulator transition of ε‐CaTe2O5 is exhibited at about 130 K, and optical phonon assisted hopping of small polarons becomes dominant within the temperature range of 130–300 K. Employing soda‐lime glass as the capture substrate may provide a new approach for the synthesis of 2DTCs.
Revealing the Atomic Origin of Heterogeneous Li‐Ion Diffusion by Probing Na
Authors: Xiao Biwei , Wang Kuan , Xu Gui‐Liang , Song Junhua , Chen Zonghai , Amine Khalil , Reed David , Sui Manling , Sprenkle Vincent , Ren Yang , Yan Pengfei , Li Xiaolin
Published: May 2019

Tracing the dynamic process of Li‐ion transport at the atomic scale has long been attempted in solid state ionics and is essential for battery material engineering. Approaches via phase change, strain, and valence states of redox species have been developed to circumvent the technical challenge of direct imaging Li; however, all are limited by poor spatial resolution and weak correlation with state‐of‐charge (SOC). An ion‐exchange approach is adopted by sodiating the delithiated cathode and probing Na distribution to trace the Li deintercalation, which enables the visualization of heterogeneous Li‐ion diffusion down to the atomic level. In a model LiNi1/3Mn1/3Co1/3O2 cathode, dislocation‐mediated ion diffusion is kinetically favorable at low SOC and planar diffusion along (003) layers dominates at high SOC. These processes work synergistically to determine the overall ion‐diffusion dynamics. The heterogeneous nature of ion diffusion in battery materials is unveiled and the role of defect engineering in tailoring ion‐transport kinetics is stressed.
Dual Cocatalysts in TiO2 Photocatalysis
Authors: Meng Aiyun , Zhang Liuyang , Cheng Bei , Yu Jiaguo
Published: May 2019

Semiconductor photocatalysis is recognized as a promising strategy to simultaneously address energy needs and environmental pollution. Titanium dioxide (TiO2) has been investigated for such applications due to its low cost, nontoxicity, and high chemical stability. However, pristine TiO2 still suffers from low utilization of visible light and high photogenerated‐charge‐carrier recombination rate. Recently, TiO2 photocatalysts modified by dual cocatalysts with different functions have attracted much attention due to the extended light absorption, enhanced reactant adsorption, and promoted charge‐carrier‐separation efficiency granted by various cocatalysts. Recent progress on the component and structural design of dual cocatalysts in TiO2 photocatalysts is summarized. Depending on their components, dual cocatalysts decorated on TiO2 photocatalysts can be divided into the following categories: bimetallic cocatalysts, metal–metal oxide/sulfide cocatalysts, metal–graphene cocatalysts, and metal oxide/sulfide–graphene cocatalysts. Depending on their architecture, they can be categorized into randomly deposited binary cocatalysts, facet‐dependent selective‐deposition binary cocatalysts, and core–shell structural binary cocatalysts. Concluding perspectives on the challenges and opportunities for the further exploration of dual cocatalyst–modified TiO2 photocatalysts are presented.
Flexible Thermoelectric Materials and Generators: Challenges and Innovations
Authors: Wang Yuan , Yang Lei , Shi Xiao‐Lei , Shi Xun , Chen Lidong , Dargusch Matthew S. , Zou Jin , Chen Zhi‐Gang
Published: May 2019

The urgent need for ecofriendly, stable, long‐lifetime power sources is driving the booming market for miniaturized and integrated electronics, including wearable and medical implantable devices. Flexible thermoelectric materials and devices are receiving increasing attention, due to their capability to convert heat into electricity directly by conformably attaching them onto heat sources. Polymer‐based flexible thermoelectric materials are particularly fascinating because of their intrinsic flexibility, affordability, and low toxicity. There are other promising alternatives including inorganic‐based flexible thermoelectrics that have high energy‐conversion efficiency, large power output, and stability at relatively high temperature. Herein, the state‐of‐the‐art in the development of flexible thermoelectric materials and devices is summarized, including exploring the fundamentals behind the performance of flexible thermoelectric materials and devices by relating materials chemistry and physics to properties. By taking insights from carrier and phonon transport, the limitations of high‐performance flexible thermoelectric materials and the underlying mechanisms associated with each optimization strategy are highlighted. Finally, the remaining challenges in flexible thermoelectric materials are discussed in conclusion, and suggestions and a framework to guide future development are provided, which may pave the way for a bright future for flexible thermoelectric devices in the energy market.
Gate‐Tunable and Multidirection‐Switchable Memristive Phenomena in a Van Der Waals Ferroelectric
Authors: Xue Fei , He Xin , Retamal José Ramón Durán , Han Ali , Zhang Junwei , Liu Zhixiong , Huang Jing‐Kai , Hu Weijin , Tung Vincent , He Jr‐Hau , Li Lain‐Jong , Zhang Xixiang
Published: May 2019

Memristive devices have been extensively demonstrated for applications in nonvolatile memory, computer logic, and biological synapses. Precise control of the conducting paths associated with the resistance switching in memristive devices is critical for optimizing their performances including ON/OFF ratios. Here, gate tunability and multidirectional switching can be implemented in memristors for modulating the conducting paths using hexagonal α‐In2Se3, a semiconducting van der Waals ferroelectric material. The planar memristor based on in‐plane (IP) polarization of α‐In2Se3 exhibits a pronounced switchable photocurrent, as well as gate tunability of the channel conductance, ferroelectric polarization, and resistance‐switching ratio. The integration of vertical α‐In2Se3 memristors based on out‐of‐plane (OOP) polarization is demonstrated with a device density of 7.1 × 109 in.−2 and a resistance‐switching ratio of well over 103. A multidirectionally operated α‐In2Se3 memristor is also proposed, enabling the control of the OOP (or IP) resistance state directly by an IP (or OOP) programming pulse, which has not been achieved in other reported memristors. The remarkable behavior and diverse functionalities of these ferroelectric α‐In2Se3 memristors suggest opportunities for future logic circuits and complex neuromorphic computing.
Dispersion of Third‐Harmonic Generation in Organic Cavity Polaritons
Authors: Liu Bin , Crescimanno Michael , Twieg Robert J. , Singer Kenneth D.
Published: May 2019

Organic cavity polaritons are bosonic quasiparticles arising from the strong interaction between organic molecular excitons and photons within microcavities. The spectral dispersion of third‐harmonic generation near resonance with cavity polaritons is studied experimentally via angle‐resolved reflected third‐harmonic generation measurements with several pump wavelengths. Moreover, a three‐step nonlinear optical transfer matrix model is used to simulate the third‐harmonic generation using the sum‐over‐states dispersive nonlinear coefficients, which include polariton states. The angle‐dependent experiment and modeling agree, revealing the output of third‐harmonic generation is resonantly enhanced when third‐harmonic wavelengths are near upper polaritons. Lower‐polariton‐enhanced third‐harmonic generation is not experimentally observed due to inadequate coupling at the longer wavelength, which is also consistent with the nonlinear transfer matrix modeling. These results indicate that the sum‐over‐states nonlinear dispersion is descriptive of the nonlinear optical process so that the polariton states belong to a complete set of states for a perturbative determination of the nonlinear optical response. From these results, it might be expected that such a basis for perturbation theory would be widely applicable for nonlinear optical processes in the strong and ultrastrong limits. The results also indicate the possibility of wavelength agile nonlinear optical response by angle‐of‐incidence tuning.
Bispecific Antibody Therapy for Effective Cardiac Repair through Redirection of Endogenous Stem Cells
Authors: Huang Ke , Li Zhenhua , Su Teng , Shen Deliang , Hu Shiqi , Cheng Ke
Published: May 2019

Bone marrow stem cells (BMSCs) are a promising strategy for cardiac regenerative therapy for myocardial infarction (MI). However, cell transplantation has to overcome a number of hurdles, such as cell quality control, clinical practicality, low cell retention/engraftment, and immune reactions when allogeneic cells are used. Bispecific antibodies (BsAbs) have been developed as potential agents in cancer immunotherapy but their application is sparse in cardiovascular diseases. In the present study, BsAbs are designed by chemical cycloaddition of F(ab′)2 fragments from monoclonal anti‐CD34 and anti‐ cardiac myosin heavy chain (CMHC) antibodies, which specifically targets circulating CD34‐positive cells and injured cardiomyocytes simultaneously. It is hypothesized that intravenous administration of stem cell re‐directing (SCRD) BsAbs (anti‐CD34‐F(ab′)2–anti‐CMHC‐F(ab′)2) can home endogenous BMSCs to the injured heart for cardiac repair. The in vivo studies in a mouse model with heart ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury demonstrate the safety and therapeutic potency of SCRD BsAb, which supports cardiac recovery by reducing scarring, promoting angiomyogenesis, and boosting cardiac function.
Parametric optimization and control toward the design of a smart metal hydride refueling system
Authors: Ogumerem Gerald S. , Pistikopoulos Efstratios N.
Published: May 2019

In this paper, we present an extension of the parametric optimization and control (PAROC) framework toward the design of a novel smart metal hydride storage system. Both in silico and laboratory implementation are considered toward a smart prototype system application. In silico PAROC considerations include the development and validation of high‐fidelity model and the derivation of explicit optimal feedback law through the solution of a receding horizon parametric optimization problem formulation. The derived explicit parametric control strategy is validated first in silico then in real time. A laboratory scale metal hydride hydrogen storage system is designed and built as a prototype to replicate the refueling process of a fuel cell electric vehicle (FCEV) in a hydrogen gas station. Integration of the explicit model predictive control feedback law into the prototype system creates a smart metal hydride storage technology that can be deployed for onboard hydrogen storage in an FCEV. The results obtained from the real‐time implementation of the explicit feedback law demonstrate an effective thermal management of the refueling operation in a metal hydride system.
The gas‐adsorption mechanism of kinetic hydrate inhibitors
Authors: Li Zhi , Liao Kai , Qin Hui‐Bo , Chen Junli , Ren Liangliang , Li Fengguang , Zhang Xianren , Liu Bei , Chen Guangjin
Published: May 2019

Molecular dynamics was employed to study the inhibition mechanism of vinyl lactam‐based kinetic hydrate inhibitors (KHIs). By comparing the inhibition functions of the same KHIs at different initial locations, we found that the KHI molecules on the surface of hydrate nuclei could obviously prolong the hydrate induction time and exhibited the best inhibition effect. The impacts of KHIs on the methane migration and the arrangement of H2O molecules were analyzed at the molecular level. A gas‐adsorbing mechanism for KHIs (i.e., the KHIs with an excellent gas adsorption ability could reduce the supersaturation of methane in the aqueous solution, reinforce the migration resistance of methane to the nucleus, and further inhibit the hydrate growth) was proposed. In addition, the conformations of KHI polymer molecules in the aqueous solution are closely related to their inhibitory effect, that is, stretched skeletons and well‐organized structures would maximize their inhibitory effect.
CDR2L Is the Major Yo Antibody Target in Paraneoplastic Cerebellar Degeneration
Authors: Kråkenes Torbjørn , Herdlevær Ida , Raspotnig Margrethe , Haugen Mette , Schubert Manja , Vedeler Christian A.
Published: May 2019

The pathogenesis of Yo‐mediated paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration (PCD) is unclear. We applied cerebrospinal fluid and serum from PCD patients as well as CDR2 and CDR2L antibodies to neuronal tissue, cancer cell lines, and cells transfected with recombinant CDR2 and CDR2L to elucidate which is the major antigen of Yo antibodies. We found that Yo antibodies bound endogenous CDR2L, but not endogenous CDR2. However, Yo antibodies can bind the recombinant CDR2 protein used in routine clinical testing for these antibodies. Because Yo antibodies only bind endogenous CDR2L, we conclude that CDR2L is the major antigen of Yo antibodies in PCD. ANN NEUROL 2019;86:316–321
New insight into the mechanism of formation of dual actives loaded multilayered polymeric particles and their application in food preservation
Authors: Biswal Agni Kumar , Saha Sampa
Published: May 2019

This study provides an insight about the mechanism of formation of tri‐layered (instead of bilayers) particles originated from two biodegradable polymers by emulsion solvent evaporation method. It was also demonstrated how layer configurations of tri‐layered particles composed of poly(l‐lactide) (PLLA) and poly(d,l‐lactide‐co‐glycolide) (PLGA), can be changed from kinetically trapped to thermodynamically favorable structures (dictated by spreading coefficient theory) by tweaking several solution parameters. Layer switching, core, and shell thickness manipulation can also be achieved. Interestingly, among the various configurations, tri‐layered particles made with PLGA of intermediate viscosity and PLLA of high viscosity were found to provide controlled and sustainable release profiles for dual actives such as antibacterial (benzoic acid) and antioxidant (tocopherol) with appreciably high release rates. The dual activity of these particles was tested by incorporating them in chicken broth medium and found to provide excellent antibacterial as well as antioxidant activity for extended period of time (>20 days). © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 48009.
Effect of a novel environmentally friendly additive of polyaspartic acid on the properties of urea formaldehyde resins/montmorillonite
Authors: Zhou Yang , Yang Miao , Zheng Youmiao , Tong Dongshen , Zhou Chunhui , Yu Weihua
Published: May 2019

Polyaspartic acid (PASP) is a biodegradable green material with carboxyl groups (COOH) and amido groups (CONH). In the article, a novel urea‐formaldehyde (UF) resin modified by PASP and Ca‐montmorillonite (Ca‐Mt) was prepared by the alkaline‐acid‐alkaline method. The synthesized materials were characterized by X‐ray diffraction, Fourier transform‐infrared spectroscopy, thermal analysis (TG‐DTG), and scanning electron microscopy. The effects of viscosity, curing time, and free formaldehyde were investigated. The results showed that the layered structure of Ca‐Mt was exfoliated and dispersed in the bulk of UF. The thermal stability of the modified UF was much better than that of pure UF resin. The percentage of free formaldehyde was declined from 26 to 18%. Meanwhile, the UF composites showed the short curing time and the optimum viscosity. Finally, a synthetic process of UF modified by PASP and Ca‐Mt and a possible mechanism for immobilizing the free formaldehyde were suggested. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci.2019,136, 48038.