bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Deep reticulation: the long legacy of hybridization in vascular plant evolution
Authors: Stull Gregory W. , Pham Kasey K. , Soltis Pamela S. , Soltis Douglas E.
Published: February 2023

Hybridization has long been recognized as a fundamental evolutionary process in plants but, until recently, our understanding of its phylogenetic distribution and biological significance across deep evolutionary scales has been largely obscure. Over the past decade, genomic and phylogenomic datasets have revealed, perhaps not surprisingly, that hybridization, often associated with polyploidy, has been common throughout the evolutionary history of plants, particularly in various lineages of flowering plants. However, phylogenomic studies have also highlighted the challenges of disentangling signals of ancient hybridization from other sources of genomic conflict (in particular, incomplete lineage sorting). Here, we provide a critical review of ancient hybridization in vascular plants, outlining well‐documented cases of ancient hybridization across plant phylogeny, as well as the challenges unique to documenting ancient versus recent hybridization. We provide a definition for ancient hybridization, which, to our knowledge, has not been explicitly attempted before. Further documenting the extent of deep reticulation in plants should remain an important research focus, especially because published examples likely represent the tip of the iceberg in terms of the total extent of ancient hybridization. However, future research should increasingly explore the macroevolutionary significance of this process, in terms of its impact on evolutionary trajectories (e.g. how does hybridization influence trait evolution or the generation of biodiversity over long time scales?), as well as how life history and ecological factors shape, or have shaped, the frequency of hybridization across geologic time and plant phylogeny. Finally, we consider the implications of ubiquitous ancient hybridization for how we conceptualize, analyze, and classify plant phylogeny. Networks, as opposed to bifurcating trees, represent more accurate representations of evolutionary history in many cases, although our ability to infer, visualize, and use networks for comparative analyses is highly limited. Developing improved methods for the generation, visualization, and use of networks represents a critical future direction for plant biology. Current classification systems also do not generally allow for the recognition of reticulate lineages, and our classifications themselves are largely based on evidence from the chloroplast genome. Updating plant classification to better reflect nuclear phylogenies, as well as considering whether and how to recognize hybridization in classification systems, will represent an important challenge for the plant systematics community.
Persistence of the steady planar normal shock structure in 3‐D unsteady potential flows
Authors: Fang Beixiang , Huang Feimin , Xiang Wei , Xiao Feng
Published: February 2023

This paper concerns the dynamic stability of the steady three‐dimensional (3‐D) wave structure of a planar normal shock front intersecting perpendicularly to a planar solid wall for unsteady potential flows. The stability problem can be formulated as a free boundary problem of a quasi‐linear hyperbolic equation of second order in a dihedral‐space domain between the shock front and the solid wall. The key difficulty is brought by the edge singularity of the space domain, the intersection curve between the shock front and the solid wall. Different from the two‐dimensional (2‐D) case, for which the singular part of the boundary is only a point, it is a curve for the 3‐D case in this paper. This difference brings new difficulties to the mathematical analysis of the stability problem. A modified partial hodograph transformation is introduced such that the extension technique developed for the 2‐D case can be employed to establish the well‐posed theory for the initial‐boundary value problem of the linearized hyperbolic equation of second order in a dihedral‐space domain. Moreover, the extension technique is improved in this paper such that loss of regularity in the a priori estimates on the shock front does not occur. Thus, the classical nonlinear iteration scheme can be constructed to prove the existence of the solution to the stability problem, which shows the dynamic stability of the steady planar normal shock without applying the Nash–Moser iteration method.
Affine subspace concentration conditions for centered polytopes
Authors: Freyer Ansgar , Henk Martin , Kipp Christian
Published: February 2023

Recently, K.‐Y. Wu introduced affine subspace concentration conditions for the cone volumes of polytopes and proved that the cone volumes of centered, reflexive, smooth lattice polytopes satisfy these conditions. We extend the result to arbitrary centered polytopes.
Impact of cardiopulmonary bypass on cerebrovascular autoregulation assessed by ultrafast ultrasound imaging
Authors: Aguet Julien , Fakhari Nikan , Nguyen Minh , Mertens Luc , Szabo Elod , Ertl‐Wagner Birgit , Crawford Lynn , Haller Christoph , Barron David , Baranger Jérôme , Villemain Olivier
Published: February 2023

Newborns with congenital heart disease undergoing cardiac surgery are at risk of neurodevelopmental impairment with limited understanding of the impact of intra‐operative cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), deep hypothermia and selective cerebral perfusion on the brain. We hypothesized that a novel ultrasound technique, ultrafast power Doppler (UPD), can assess variations of cerebral blood volume (CBV) in neonates undergoing cardiac surgery requiring CPB. UPD was performed before, during and after surgery in newborns with hypoplastic left heart syndrome undergoing a Norwood operation. We found that global CBV was not significantly different between patients and controls (P = 0.98) and between pre‐ and post‐surgery (P = 0.62). UPD was able to monitor changes in CBV throughout surgery, revealing regional differences in CBV during hypothermia during which CBV correlated with CPB flow rate (R2 = 0.52, P = 0.021). Brain injury on post‐operative magnetic resonance imaging was observed in patients with higher maximum variation in CBV. Our findings suggest that UPD can quantify global and regional brain perfusion variation during neonatal cardiac surgery with this first intra‐operative application demonstrating an association between CBV and CPB flow rate, suggesting loss of autoregulation. Therefore, the measurement of CBV by UPD could enable optimization of cerebral perfusion during cardiac surgery in neonates.

image

Key points

The impact of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) on the neonatal brain undergoing cardiac surgery is poorly understood.

Ultrafast power Doppler (UPD) quantifies cerebral blood volume (CBV), a surrogate of brain perfusion.

CBV varies throughout CPB surgery and is associated with variation of the bypass pump flow rate during deep hypothermia.

Association between CBV and bypass pump flow rate suggests loss of cerebrovascular autoregulatory processes.

Quantitative monitoring of cerebral perfusion by UPD could provide a direct parameter to optimize CPB flow rate.
Local sampling of the SU(1,1) Wigner function
Authors: Fabre Nicolas , Klimov Andrei B. , Leuchs Gerd , Sánchez-Soto Luis L.
Published: February 2023

Despite its indisputable merits, the Wigner phase-space formulation has not been widely explored for systems with SU(1,1) symmetry, as a simple operational definition of the Wigner function has proved elusive in this case. We capitalize on unique properties of the parity operator, to derive in a consistent way a bona fide SU(1,1) Wigner function that faithfully parallels the structure of its continuous-variable counterpart. We propose an optical scheme, involving a squeezer and photon-number-resolving detectors, that allows for direct point-by-point sampling of that Wigner function. This provides an adequate framework to represent SU(1,1) states satisfactorily.
Curcumin Attenuates Delayed-Onset Muscle Soreness and Muscle Function Deficits Following a Soccer Match in Male Professional Soccer Players
Authors: Abbott William , Hansell Emily J. , Brett Adam , Škarabot Jakob , James Lewis J. , Clifford Tom
Published: February 2023

Purpose: To examine the effects of acute curcumin (CURC) supplementation on recovery from a soccer match in male professional players. Methods: In a randomized, placebo-controlled, crossover design, 11 players from the under-23 team of an English Premier League club (age 19 [1] y, body mass 79.4 [7.9] kg, height 180.8 [5.7] cm) consumed 500 mg of CURC or a control (medium-chain triglycerides) immediately and 12 and 36 hours after a 90-minute match. Countermovement jump height (CMJ), reactive strength index (RSI), delayed-onset muscle soreness (DOMS, 0–200 mm), and subjective well-being were measured before and 12, 36, and 60 hours postmatch. Global positioning systems measured external load during matches, and dietary intake was recorded across the testing period. Results: External load and dietary intake did not differ between conditions (P ≥ .246). CURC attenuated deficits in CMJ (P ≤ .004) and RSI (P ≤ .001) and reduced DOMS (P ≤ .004) at all postmatch time points (except 60 h post for RSI). The greatest difference between control and CURC was 12 hours post for CMJ (P < .001, 1.91 [4.40] cm, 95% CI, 1.25 to 2.57, g = 0.36) and RSI (P = .003, 0.40 [0.41] AU, 95% CI, 0.17 to 0.63, g = 0.90) and 36 hours post for DOMS (P < .001, 47 [23] mm, 95% CI, −67 to −27, g = 2.12). Conclusions: CURC intake <36 hours after a soccer match attenuated DOMS and muscle function deficits, suggesting that CURC may aid recovery in professional male soccer players.
Translation, Cross-Cultural Adaptation, and Validation of the Persian Version of the Lifetime Total Physical Activity Questionnaire
Authors: Selk-Ghaffari Maryam , Nakhostin-Ansari Amin , Oskouie Iman Menbari , Gilvaei Yasamin Maleki , Mahdaviani Behnaz , Gholami-Mehrabadi Maedeh , Kordi Ramin
Published: February 2023

Background: This study aimed to translate and cross-culturally adapt the Lifetime Total Physical Activity Questionnaire (LTPAQ) for use in Persian-speaking countries as well as evaluate its validity and reliability. Methods: There were 3 stages to this study. First, a forward–backward translation method was used to develop a Persian version of the LTPAQ. In the second stage, the Persian version of the LTPAQ was evaluated for its face validity and content validity. Finally, test–retest reliability and known-group validity were assessed. The LTPAQ has occupational and volunteer activities, including travel to work, exercise and sports, and household activities. Frequency, duration, and estimated metabolic costs of activities with light, moderate, and heavy intensities were used to calculate the metabolic equivalent of each domain during life (in metabolic equivalent-hour/week). Metabolic equivalents of each domain and in total were used to evaluate the reliability and validity of the questionnaire. Results: In total, 60 people (41.7% females) with a mean age of 33.9 (SD = 11.5) years participated in this study. All domains showed excellent test–retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient > .9). All items had content validity indexes higher than 0.85. In addition, males had significantly higher physical activity levels than females (P = .022), indicating the known-group validity of the questionnaire. Conclusions: The LTPAQ was translated into Persian and trans-culturally adapted. This study indicates that the Persian version of the LTPAQ has adequate reliability and validity and can be utilized in future studies to assess physical activity in the Persian population.
Transferrin Receptor Protein 1 Is an Entry Factor for Rabies Virus
Authors: Wang Xinxin , Wen Zhiyuan , Cao Huizhen , Luo Jie , Shuai Lei , Wang Chong , Ge Jinying , Wang Xijun , Bu Zhigao , Wang Jinliang
Published: February 2023

For most viruses, cell entry involves engagement with many distinct plasma membrane components, each of which is essential. After binding to its specific receptor(s), rabies virus (RABV) enters host cells through the process of clathrin-mediated endocytosis.
Mycobacterium bovis BCG Given at Birth Followed by Inactivated Respiratory Syncytial Virus Vaccine Prevents Vaccine-Enhanced Disease by Promoting Trained Macrophages and Resident Memory T Cells
Authors: Wang Yang , Ge Fei , Wang Junhai , Li Hanglin , Zheng Boyang , Li Wenjian , Chen Shunyan , Zheng Xiaoqing , Deng Yuqing , Wang Yueling , Zeng Ruihong
Published: February 2023

RSV is the leading cause of severe lower respiratory tract infection of infants. ERD, characterized by Th2-biased responses, inflammation, and poor immune memory, has been an obstacle to the development of safe and effective killed RSV vaccines.
Characterization of Megabat-Favored, CA-Dependent Susceptibility to Retrovirus Infection
Authors: Ohkura Sadayuki , Horie Masayuki , Shimizu Masumi , Nakagawa So , Osanai Haruka , Miyagawa Yoshitaka , Morita Rimpei
Published: February 2023

Recent studies have demonstrated the circulation of gammaretroviruses among megabats in Australia and the bats’ resistance to HIV-1 infection; however, the origins of these viruses in megabats and the contribution of bats to retrovirus spread to other mammalian species remains unclear. To determine the intrinsic susceptibility of bat cells to HIV-1 infection, we investigated 12 cell lines isolated from 11 bat species.
Mindin Activates Autophagy for Lipid Utilization and Facilitates White Spot Syndrome Virus Infection in Shrimp
Authors: Gao Jie , Song Ye-Jia , Wang Hao , Zhao Bao-Rui , Wang Xian-Wei
Published: February 2023

White spot syndrome virus (WSSV) is an enveloped double-stranded DNA virus that has had a serious influence on worldwide shrimp farming in the last 30 years. We have demonstrated that WSSV hijacks host autophagy and lipid metabolism for reproduction in kuruma shrimp (
Marsupenaeus japonicus
). These findings revealed the mechanism by which WSSV exploits host machinery for its infection and provided serial targets for WSSV prevention and control in shrimp farming.
Complete Genome Sequence of the Lysogenic Pseudomonas Bacteriophage Fyn8
Authors: Østergaard Magnus Z. , Damgaard Andreas S. , Rosenbæk Elisabeth , Krogh Thøger J. , Kirkpatrick Clare L.
Published: February 2023

A temperate bacteriophage infectingPseudomonas aeruginosaPAO1 was isolated from river water. Nanopore sequencing revealed that it has a circular double-stranded DNA genome of 45,617 bp, containing typical phage structural proteins and lambda-like lysogeny regulators. Putative O-antigen serotype conversion and anti-cyclic oligonucleotide-based antiphage signaling system (CBASS) defense system proteins were also identified.
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 Lambda Variant Collected from a Child from Arkansas and Sequenced
Authors: Wong Lori , Randolph Christopher , Kanwischer Emily , Ingold Ashton , Boyanton Bobby L. , Taylor Jay , Frenner Rachel A. , Harley Susan E. , Bird Jordan T. , Thurman Timothy J. , Kandel Sangam , Ussery David W. , Byrum Stephanie D. , Dinwiddie Darrell , Domman Daryl , Chalwadi Uday K. , Kennedy Joshua
Published: February 2023

An eleven-year-old tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 Lambda variant. Sequencing was performed on the Oxford Nanopore and the Illumina NextSeq 500.
Draft Genome Sequence of an Epibiotic Bacterium, Bacillus cereus, Isolated from Cyanobacterial Blooms in Lake Taihu, China
Authors: Chen Xiaoyuan , Yang Yinuo , Yu Yang , Guo Qisen , Hwang Somin , Cheng Wenduo , Cao Huansheng
Published: February 2023

Here, we report the draft genome sequence of
Bacillus cereus
strain THSB-6-2, which was isolated from cyanobacterial blooms in Lake Taihu, China. The 5,496,658-bp genome assembly of
Bacillus cereus
consists of 28 contigs, with a GC content of 35% and with 5,587 protein-coding sequences and 58 RNA genes.
Global Transcriptional Response of Escherichia coli Exposed
In Situ
to Different Low-Dose Ionizing Radiation Sources
Authors: Wintenberg Molly , Manglass Lisa , Martinez Nicole E. , Blenner Mark
Published: February 2023

Escherichia coli
strain DH10β, a well-characterized model bacterium, was subjected to short-term (1-day) and long-term (15-day) exposures to three different
in situ
radiation sources comprised of radionuclides relevant to nuclear activities to induce a measurable and identifiable genetic response. We found
E. coli
had both common and unique responses to the three exposures studied, suggesting both dose rate- and radionuclide-specific effects.
Identification of Potential Antimicrobial Targets of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Biofilms through a Novel Screening Approach
Authors: Valentin Jules D. P. , Altenried Stefanie , Varadarajan Adithi R. , Ahrens Christian H. , Schreiber Frank , Webb Jeremy S. , van der Mei Henny C. , Ren Qun
Published: February 2023

Pseudomonas aeruginosa
is an opportunistic pathogen of high medical importance and is one of the main pathogens responsible for the mortality of patients with cystic fibrosis. In addition to inherited antibiotic resistance,
P. aeruginosa
can form biofilms, defined as communities of microorganisms embedded in a self-produced matrix of extracellular polymeric substances adhering to each other and/or to a surface.
Do the small numbers in the quark mixing arise from new physics?
Authors: Branco G. C. , Bastos José Filipe , Silva-Marcos J. I.
Published: February 2023

We put forward the conjecture that the small numbers in the $$V_\text {CKM}$$

V
CKM

matrix, are generated by physics beyond the Standard Model. We identify as small numbers $$V_{ub}$$

V

ub

and the strength of CP violation, measured by $$|\text {Im}Q|$$

|
Im
Q
|

, where Q stands for a rephasing invariant quartet of $$V_\text {CKM}$$

V
CKM

. We illustrate how the conjecture can be realised in the context of an extension of the Standard Model where an up-type vector-like quark is introduced leading to a realistic spectrum of quark masses and an effective $$V_\text {CKM}$$

V
CKM

in agreement with experiment.
An Exploratory Examination of the Mompreneur and Multi-Level Marketing: What Does She Do and Why Does She Do It?
Authors: Peters C. , Thomas J. B. , Dille E.
Published: February 2023

The number of small businesses owned by women in the United States is on the rise, due to a variety of reasons. One business model, which is attractive to mothers who lead busy lives, is multi-level marketing. The purpose of this study is to examine the motives of mompreneurs and gain a better understanding of their experiences with the multi-level marketing business model. Data collection involved both a survey and phenomenological interviews. The results identified a variety of motivations for engaging in multi-level marketing, ranging from economic to brand relationships. The women utilised social media tools to access their social capital in order to advertise and sell products to a large network of other women. Moreover, they received significant support from their family and friends related to their business. Several success factors and challenges were identified, as was a finding related to the serial nature of multi-level marketing business ownership. Theoretical and managerial implications are discussed.
Mathematical Modeling of Sukuk
Authors: Baaquie Belal Ehsan , Karim Muhammad Mahmudul , Shah Mohd Rasid Mohamed Eskandar
Published: February 2023

Data on sukuk issued so far shows that the majority of these have fixed coupon payments, which is equivalent to interest bearing fixed coupon bonds. Two mathematical models are reviewed that are proposed for risk-sharing and profit-sharing sukuk that is consistent with the principles of Islamic finance. The proposed sukuk are debt instrument – with stochastic coupons that depend on proxies for the profitability of the issuing firm. The first model is applicable to a sukuk with the issuer depending on a commodity like oil that has a transparent index for its price. An index-linked coupon bond, which is equivalent to a sukuk, pays coupons with values that are stochastic – depending on a market defined index – and has been proposed in Belal Ehsan Baaquie (2018a), Belal Ehsan Baaquie (2018b). The proposed model is studied by taking the index of the coupons to be based on the price of oil, given by Brent Crude Oil Index. In particular, a case study is reviewed by comparing fixed coupon bonds issued Petronas are compared with their corresponding sukuk with index-linked coupons Belal Ehsan Baaquie (2023). The second model is for sukuk issued by publicly listed firms; the coupons depend on the valuation of the issuing firm, which is taken to be a proxy of its profitability Belal Ehsan Baaquie (2020b), Belal Ehsan Baaquie (2020a). An empirical analysis of valuation based sukuk is reviewed to see its comparison with fixed coupon bonds Belal Ehsan Baaquie and Muhammad Mahmudul Karim (2022).
Tectonometamorphic evolution of the Himalayan metamorphic core in the Makalu–Arun region, eastern Nepal
Authors: Lihter Iva , Larson Kyle P. , Shrestha Sudip , Cottle John M.
Published: February 2023

The metamorphic core of the Himalayan orogen, once viewed as a structurally contiguous unit, is now known to be divided into multiple packages by a series of structural discontinuities. Although these structures have been identified based on distinct metamorphic and kinematic histories of the bounding packages, the number of structures identified across the exhumed, former midcrustal core varies throughout the Himalaya. The scarcity of field evidence for these structures not only impedes their identification, but also hinders our understanding of their role in the development of the Himalaya. This study characterizes the metamorphic and geochronological history of garnet-, sillimanite- and kyanite-bearing gneisses in Makalu–Arun region, Nepal. Phase equilibria modelling coupled with monazite U/Th–Pb petrochronology delineates four rock packages with distinct metamorphic histories separated by at least three thrust-sense structures. The earliest thrust activity and subsequent in-sequence thrusting lasted from
c.
23 to 14 Ma, with initiation of late out-of-sequence thrusting after
c.
14 Ma. These results are consistent with foreland thrust migration and juxtaposition compatible with models that incorporate underplating, metamorphism and exhumation of midcrustal rocks during orogenesis. Moreover, the demonstrated complex evolution of the metamorphic core in Makalu region is inconsistent with models that incorporate singular, orogenic-wide structures in the Himalaya.

Supplementary material
: Supplementary tables and figures are available at
https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.6420244
Geochemistry, geochronology and Sr–Nd–Hf isotopes of Paleozoic granitoids in the Chinese Altai, NW China: constraints on the conversion from subduction–accretion to syn-/post-collision
Authors: Weng Kai , Dong Yunpeng , Jiang Liuqing , Ma Zhongping , Wang Shuangshuang , Chen Bo
Published: February 2023

The Altai region of China features abundant granitoids, which can be used to reconstruct the tectonic evolution of the orogen. We conducted petrological, geochronological, geochemical and isotopic analyses on several representative granitoids from the Altai region. U‒Pb dating revealed ages of 444 ± 3 Ma for gneissic granites, 406 ± 8 Ma for syenogranites, 280 ± 6 Ma for diorites, 278 ± 3 Ma for two-mica monzonitic granites and 269 ± 3 Ma for muscovite granites. The Ordovician gneissic granites have I-type arc-related element characteristics and are derived from volcanic magmas extracted from the mantle wedge and then metasomatized by subducted sediment in a continental arc. The Devonian syenogranites show dual I-type arc and within-plate granite geochemical signatures, suggesting derivation from volcanic magmas extracted from the lithospheric mantle metasomatized by subducted fluid/melt in a back-arc basin. The Permian diorites are Mg-diorites derived from a mixed-magma source involving residual subducted basaltic oceanic crust and lithospheric mantle. The two-mica monzonitic granites are S-type granites originating from the crustal recycling of sedimentary rocks, whereas the muscovite granites are leucogranites resulting from the anatexis of ancient metasedimentary rocks. Their tectonic setting is syn-/post-collisional. By combining these results with previously published data, we propose that the Chinese Altai region experienced mid- to late Ordovician continental arc magmatism, early to mid-Devonian back-arc extension and early to mid-Permian arc–arc syn-/post-collision.

Supplementary material:
Supplementary Tables S1–S3 are available at
https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.6420236
A Framework for Computing the Nucleolus via Dynamic Programming
Authors: Koenemann Jochen , Toth Justin
Published: February 2023

This article defines a general class of cooperative games for which the nucleolus is efficiently computable. This class includes new members for which the complexity of computing their nucleolus was not previously known. We show that when the minimum excess coalition problem of a cooperative game can be formulated as a hypergraph dynamic program, its nucleolus is efficiently computable. This gives a general technique for designing efficient algorithms for computing the nucleolus of a cooperative game. This technique is inspired by a recent result of Pashkovich [
27
] on weighted voting games. However, our technique significantly extends beyond the capabilities of previous work. We demonstrate this by applying it to give an algorithm for computing the nucleolus of
b
-matching games in polynomial time on graphs of bounded treewidth.
Edge Computing and Sensor-Cloud: Overview, Solutions, and Directions
Authors: Wang Tian , Liang Yuzhu , Shen Xuewei , Zheng Xi , Mahmood Adnan , Sheng Quan Z.
Published: February 2023

Sensor-cloud originates from extensive recent applications of wireless sensor networks and cloud computing. To draw a roadmap of the current research activities of the sensor-cloud community, we first investigate the state-of-the-art sensor-cloud literature reviews published since the late 2010s and discovered that these surveys have primarily studied the sensor-cloud in specific aspects, security-enabled solutions, efficient management mechanisms, and architectural challenges. While the existing surveys have reviewed the sensor-cloud from various perspectives, they are inadequate for the three key issues that require urgent attention in the sensor-cloud:
reliability
,
energy
, and
heterogeneity
. To fill this gap, we perform a thorough survey by examining the origins of the sensor-cloud and providing an in-depth and comprehensive discussion of these three key challenges. We summarize initial designs of the new edge-based schemes to address these challenges and identify several open issues and promising future research directions.
An Ultra-low-power Embedded AI Fire Detection and Crowd Counting System for Indoor Areas
Authors: Papaioannou Alexios , Kouzinopoulos Charalampos S. , Ioannidis Dimosthenis , Tzovaras Dimitrios
Published: February 2023

Fire incidents in residential and industrial areas are often the cause of human casualties and property damage. Although there are existing systems that detect fire and monitor the presence of people in indoor areas, research on their implementation in embedded platforms is limited. This article introduces an ultra-low-power embedded system for fire detection and crowd counting using efficient deep learning methods. For the prediction of fire occurrences, environmental and gas sensor along with multilayer perceptron nodes are used. For crowd counting, a custom lightweight version of YOLOv5 is introduced, using an architecture based on ShuffleNetV2, resulting in a model with low memory requirements, high accuracy predictions, and fast inference on an embedded platform. The accuracy, power consumption, and memory requirements of the proposed system are evaluated using public datasets and datasets acquired by the environmental and image sensors, and its performance is compared to that of existing approaches.
ChaseCharge: Charging Sensors by Chasing in Sensor-Cloud Systems
Authors: Lin Chi , Guo Rui , Xiang Chaocan , Wang Yi , Lin Qiang
Published: February 2023

The recent breakthrough in wireless power transfer technology enables power to be delivered between transceivers, which is quite helpful for sensor-cloud systems. Traditional charging schemes are only suitable for static sensors, while the issue of charging mobile sensors is ignored. In this paper, we make the first attempt to serve mobile sensors in the sensor-cloud systems in a “chasing” way, where a mobile charger can chase mobile sensors to replenish them. We formalize the charging utility MAximization Problem for dynamic sensors with a mobile charger (MAP) and propose a
ChaseCharge
algorithm based on RNN to solve it. Theoretical analyses are presented to explore the features of the proposed scheme. We carry out simulations, and the results show that the performance of our algorithm outperforms comparison algorithms by 33% in utility on average. Test-bed experiments are conducted to validate the applicability of the proposed scheme in oceanic monitoring applications.
Design Principles for Content Creation in Location-Based Games
Authors: Fränti Pasi , Fazal Nancy
Published: February 2023

Location-based games have been around since 2000 across various fields, including education, health, and entertainment. The main challenge facing such games is content generation. In contrast to normal games, content in location-based games is inherently dependent on location. The biggest challenge is the availability of the content globally. Other challenges include player engagement, enjoyable interactions with the real-world environment, safety, and customizability based on player performance and preference. While crowdsourcing has often been adopted as a tool for content creation, this approach requires quality control. Designing high-quality content requires detailed guidelines. In this paper, we introduce design principles for the creation of high-quality content that can survive for long periods of time. These principles are derived from ten years of experience running our in-house orienteering treasure-hunt game called
O-Mopsi
, which represents a case study in this paper.
O-Mopsi
allows players to visit pre-defined locations. The design principles are expected to be generalizable to other location-based games as well as to the creation of sightseeing tours more generally.
Towards Query-Efficient Black-Box Attacks: A Universal Dual Transferability-Based Framework
Authors: Xiang Tao , Liu Hangcheng , Guo Shangwei , Gan Yan , He Wenjian , Liao Xiaofeng
Published: February 2023

Adversarial attacks have threatened the application of deep neural networks in security-sensitive scenarios. Most existing black-box attacks fool the target model by interacting with it many times and producing global perturbations. However, all pixels are not equally crucial to the target model; thus, indiscriminately treating all pixels will increase query overhead inevitably. In addition, existing black-box attacks take clean samples as start points, which also limits query efficiency. In this article, we propose a novel black-box attack framework, constructed on a strategy of dual transferability (DT), to perturb the discriminative areas of clean examples within limited queries. The first kind of transferability is the transferability of model interpretations. Based on this property, we identify the discriminative areas of clean samples for generating local perturbations. The second is the transferability of adversarial examples, which helps us to produce local pre-perturbations for further improving query efficiency. We achieve the two kinds of transferability through an independent auxiliary model and do not incur extra query overhead. After identifying discriminative areas and generating pre-perturbations, we use the pre-perturbed samples as better start points and further perturb them locally in a black-box manner to search the corresponding adversarial examples. The DT strategy is general; thus, the proposed framework can be applied to different types of black-box attacks. We conduct extensive experiments to show that, under various system settings, our framework can significantly improve the query efficiency of existing black-box attacks and attack success rates.
A Field Study of Corrosion and Its Control in an Oil Primary Distillation Unit
Authors: Quej Luis , Alamilla Jorge Luis , Domínguez Marco Antonio , Contreras A.
Published: February 2023

The internal corrosion process in refinery environments is one of the major problems faced by the hydrocarbon industry, where at least five types of internal corrosion are found in an oil primary distillation unit. This situation increases with the presence of high quantities of contaminants within the crude oil and the processed hydrocarbons. The best way to understand the internal corrosion is to know the parameters and components that affect it and apply protection to the metal exposed. This work offers alternatives on the knowledge of internal corrosion problems in refinery environments and highlight electrochemical treatments in oil primary distillation units, from materials selection to suitable chemical treatment dosage of corrosion inhibitors, neutralizers and other chemical compounds for materials protection.
Self-Assembled Monolayers on Screen-Printed Gold Electrodes for Uricase Enzyme Covalent Immobilization
Authors: Hernández Moreno Héctor David , Gutierrez Juan Manuel , Dominguez Rocio B.
Published: February 2023

This work reports the development of an electrochemical biosensor for uric acid (UA), based on covalent immobilization of uricase (Uox) on cysteamine self-assembled monolayers (SAM). The monolayers were prepared over screen-printed gold electrode (AuSPE) modified with Au nanostructures for covalent linkage through EDC-NHS. The modified AuSPE was characterized by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Cyclic Voltammetry (CV). The results verified the cysteamine SAM formation, and the improved electrochemical performance of the working surface. The AuSPE/SAM/Uox biosensor presented a linear range of 0.84 – 16.81 mg/dL (50-1000 µM), a sensibility of 9.1423 µA/(mg/dL)cm2, and a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.0700 mg/dL. The biosensor did not present a response due to ascorbic acid (AA), verifying the selectivity of the assembly only to UA oxidation. The AuSPE/SAM/Uox showed a promising performance as a reliable, simple and fast detection tool for UA.
Corrosion Effects on the Seismic Vulnerability Index of Reinforced Concrete Scholar Buildings
Authors: Vargas Colorado Alejandro , Márquez Domínguez Sergio , Barradas Hernández José , Salgado Estrada Rolando , Carmona-Hernandez Andrés , Carpio Franco Antonio
Published: February 2023

The Veracruz - Boca del Río metropolitan area in Mexico presents high temperatures and even high chloride ion concentrations, causing an aggressive environment with significant corrosion rates. Therefore, in reinforced concrete buildings in said area, their service life and integrity can compromise. Rapid Screening Methods (RSM) are used to determine their Seismic Vulnerability Index (SVI). The Benedetti-Petrini RSM can be used to determine the SVI of the corroded structures, adapting how the state of conservation is evaluated and weighted. To that end, the corrosion level and the crack width were correlated to estimate how their state of conservation can be deteriorated, reducing the service life. To test its usefulness, nine faculties, whose ages are close to 50 years, were analyzed, and the SVI of the original and modified methods were compared. Additionally, as expected, the buildings close to the coastline, and the faces exposed to wind direction, were the most damaged. The results indicate that the modified SVI provides rational decisions and improves the action management for each structure.
Hydrogen Evolution from Metal Nanoparticles Synthesized in a Deep Eutectic Solvent
Authors: Medina Víctor Alberto , Montes de Oca Maria Guadalupe , Aldana Jorge Ivan , Romero Mario Alberto , Palomar Manuel Eduardo
Published: February 2023

In the present work, Pd, Rh and PdRh nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized in a deep eutectic solvent (DES) by electrodeposition onto a glassy carbon substrate. The NPs were evaluated for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER, Hydrogen Evolution Reaction), in an acid medium. The results showed that the highest catalytic activity for HER was the metallic Rh.
Bmpti Corrosion Inhibition for API 5L X70 Steel in Saline Medium
Authors: Jacobo Mora D.S. , Rodriguez-Gomez Francisco , Flores Álvarez J. F. , González Olvera R. , Negrón Silva Guillermo E. , Orozco Cruz Ricardo , Galván Martínez Ricardo , Vazquez Araceli ESPINOZA
Published: February 2023

In this work, electrochemical test was applied on API 5L X70 steel in NaCl 3% wt solution to observe the effect on the corrosion process of the material with the addition of BMPTI (C17H18IN3O). The steel parts were exposed to open circuit potential (OCP) test, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and polarization curves (CP) with different concentrations of inhibitor (5, 20 and 50 ppm); from these test the action of the inhibitor, its efficiency, the effect on the corrosion rate and a thermodynamic analysis to determine the mechanism of action of the inhibitor.
Electrochemical Quantification of Guanine in an Aqueous Medium Using a Bare Carbon Paste Electrode
Authors: Martínez Guerra Jorge , Rojas-Hernández Alberto , Guzmán-Hernández Dafne Sarahia , Palomar-Pardave Manuel Eduardo , Romero-Romo Mario , Ramirez-Silva Maria Teresa
Published: February 2023

This paper shows the electrochemical study of guanine in an aqueous medium using a bare carbon paste electrode, finding a main anodic peak at 731 mV versus a saturated calomel electrode at pH 7. It was found that the guanine electrochemical oxidation is a diffusion-controlled process. The goodness and application of the carbon paste electrode to generate a calibration curve is evidenced, finding detection limit and quantification limit values ​​that compete with those already reported in the literature where expensive modified electrodes are used.
Low Cost Electrochemical PGE Platform for Sensitive Determination of Pb(II) and Cd(II)
Authors: Saucedo Cañas Manuel Alberto , Galicia Monica , Carrasco Urrutia Katya Aimee
Published: February 2023

Low-cost electrochemical platform for sensitive Pb(II) and Cd(II) detection in aqueous solution were fabricated using pencil graphite leads. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) were applied to electrochemical characterization of the Pencil Graphite Electrode (PGE). Average electroactive surface was determined as 2.58 times its geometrical area. Parameters for the electrochemical detection of lead and cadmium ions were optimized using Anodic Stripping Square Wave Voltammetry (ASSWV) in 0.1 M HCl (Edep= -1 V, tdep= 60 s). Electroanalysis results exhibited linear increment of electrochemical signals with an increase in the concentration of Pb(II) and Cd(II) in two different ranges. Based on the calibration curve, limits of detection (LOD = 3σ m-1) were 0.946 mg L-1 and 1.107 mg L-1 respectively. This electrochemical platform constitutes an effective and low-cost approach (0.20 USD per unit) that may be useful to industry, academia, or regulatory agencies.
Influence of Temperature on the Kinetic Parameters of the Pd-Ni Electroplating Process from Ethaline
Authors: Landa-Castro Midori , Gómez-Pérez Diego , Montes de Oca Yemha Maria Guadalupe , Romero-Romo Mario , Gutierrez-Arzaluz Mirella , Palomar-Pardavé Manuel
Published: February 2023

In the present work, the kinetic parameters from the electrodeposition of bimetallic Pd-Ni nanoparticles on the surface of a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) were studied. These parameters are P1 directly related to the diffusion coefficient (D), P2 related to the numerical density of active sites (N0) and the nucleation frequency (A). In addition, the type of nucleation that occurs in electrodeposition, instantaneous or progressive. The electrolytic medium used was an ethaline deep eutectic solvent (DES) for electrodeposition due to its good electrochemical properties. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) and potentiostatic current density transients (j-t) were performed at two temperatures, 25 and 70 °C. The j-t values ​​were used to generate theoretical fittings using the Scharifker and Hills, and the Díaz-Morales models for bimetallic phases.
Design of an Electrochemical Biosensor for the Quantification of H2O2 for Application to Cardiovascular Diseases
Authors: Ortiz Santos Elvis , Galicia Luis Laura , Lozano Maria Luisa , Valdés-Ramírez Gabriela
Published: February 2023

Electrochemical biosensors, which are fast and reliable analytical tools, have attracted particular attention in recent years for their ability to incorporate biomolecules into nanomaterial-designed electrodes. In this study, an electrochemical biosensor for the detection of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) was developed using a multi-walled carbon nanotube (EPMWC) platform electrochemically modified with poly [Fe (III)-5-Aphen] and using an oxide-reductase enzyme as recognition agent. Amperometry was applied to obtain the calibration curves for H2O2 at the reduction process. The analytical parameters such as sensitivity, linear range, and low detection limits for H2O2 were obtained. A sensitivity of 26.51µA/mM, linear range from (0.4 to 4.5) H2O2 mM and a LOD of 0.761 µM. The advance of this measurement system is the first step in the development process of an electrochemical biosensor for cardiovascular diseases applications.
Common Source Amplifier and Ring Oscillator Circuit Performance Optimization Using Multi-Bridge Channel FETs
Authors: Sreenivasulu V. Bharath , Kumari N. Aruna , Lokesh Vakkalakula , Vishvakarma Santosh Kumar , Narendar V.
Published: February 2023

In this paper the DC, analog/RF device and circuit applications of nanosheet (NS) FET is performed. To enhance power performance co-optimization geometry parameters like NS width (NSW) and NS thickness (NSH) are varied for high performance (HP) and low power (LP) applications. A rise in 1.47x in I
ON and a rise of 5.8x in I
OFF is noticed with increase in NSH due to enlarged effective width (W
eff). In addition, a rise of 3.8x in I
ON and a fall of 76.4% in I
OFF is noticed with higher NSW. Larger the NSW ensures better transconductance (gm), transconductance generation factor (TGF), cut-off frequency (f
T), gain-band width product (GBW), transconductance frequency product (TFP), and intrinsic delay (τ). The optimized supply voltage (V
DD) for maximum voltage gain of common source (CS) amplifier and 3 stage ring oscillators (RO) with varied NSW is performed. Moreover, the impact of number of stages (N) of 3 stage RO for better frequency of oscillations (f
OSC) is studied towards high frequency circuit applications.
Soluble adenylyl cyclase coordinates intracellular pH homeostasis and biomineralization in calcifying cells of a marine animal
Authors: Chang William Weijen , Thies Angus B. , Tresguerres Martin , Hu Marian Y.
Published: February 2023

Biomineralizing cells concentrate dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) and remove protons from the site of mineral precipitation. However, the molecular regulatory mechanisms that orchestrate pH homeostasis and biomineralization of calcifying cells are poorly understood. Here, we report that the acid-base sensing enzyme soluble adenylyl cyclase (sAC) coordinates intracellular pH (pHi) regulation in the calcifying primary mesenchyme cells (PMCs) of sea urchin larvae. Single-cell transcriptomics, in situ hybridization, and immunocytochemistry elucidated the spatiotemporal expression of sAC during skeletogenesis. Live pHi imaging of PMCs revealed that the downregulation of sAC activity with two structurally unrelated small molecules inhibited pHi regulation of PMCs, an effect that was rescued by the addition of cell-permeable cAMP. Pharmacological sAC inhibition also significantly reduced normal spicule growth and spicule regeneration, establishing a link between PMC pHi regulation and biomineralization. Finally, increased expression of sAC mRNA was detected during skeleton remineralization and exposure to CO2-induced acidification. These findings suggest that transcriptional regulation of sAC is required to promote remineralization and to compensate for acidic stress. This work highlights the central role of sAC in coordinating acid-base regulation and biomineralization in calcifying cells of a marine animal.
Metabolic Glycoengineering: A Promising Strategy to Remodel Microenvironments for Regenerative Therapy
Authors: Li Yi , Zhang Yuang , Tao Yiqin , Huang Xianpeng , Yu Chao , Xu Haibin , Chen Jiangjie , Xia Kaishun , Shi Kesi , Zhang Yongxiang , Wang Jingkai , Shu Jiawei , Cheng Feng , Wang Shaoke , Liang Chengzhen , Li Fangcai , Zhou Xiaopeng , Chen Qixin
Published: February 2023

Cell-based regenerative therapy utilizes the differentiation potential of stem cells to rejuvenate tissues. But the dynamic fate of stem cells is calling for precise control to optimize their therapeutic efficiency. Stem cell fate is regulated by specific conditions called “microenvironments.” Among the various factors in the microenvironment, the cell-surface glycan acts as a mediator of cell-matrix and cell-cell interactions and manipulates the behavior of cells. Herein, metabolic glycoengineering (MGE) is an easy but powerful technology for remodeling the structure of glycan. By presenting unnatural glycans on the surface, MGE provides us an opportunity to reshape the microenvironment and evoke desired cellular responses. In this review, we firstly focused on the determining role of glycans on cellular activity; then, we introduced how MGE influences glycosylation and subsequently affects cell fate; at last, we outlined the application of MGE in regenerative therapy, especially in the musculoskeletal system, and the future direction of MGE is discussed.
Doppler Echocardiography Combined with NTproBNP/BNP in the Diagnosis of Pulmonary Artery Hypertension Associated with Congenital Heart Disease
Authors: Zhang Xi , Zhai Zhinan , Geng Xu , Zhu Yanbo , Yang Shijuan , Chen Tongyun , Wu Xue , Zhang Jingkun , Guo Zhi-Gang , Hou Min
Published: February 2023

Background. Pulmonary artery hypertension (PAH) is a common complication of congenital heart disease (CHD) and is associated with worse outcomes and increased mortality. The Doppler echocardiography (DE) is a commonly used imaging tool for both diagnosis and follow‐up examination of PAH. Here is to evaluate the diagnostic performance of DE combined with NTproBNP/BNP as screening strategy in PAH patients with CHD. Methods. A retrospective study in 64 patients with CHD has been carried out to compare estimate pulmonary artery systolic pressure (PASP) measured with DE to that measured with right heart catheterization (RHC). The Pearson correlation analyses were used to calculate the correlation coefficients between RHC and DE. The Bland‐Altman analyses were carried out to assess the agreement between the two methods. ROC analyses were used to evaluate the diagnostic performance of DE, NTproBNP/BNP, and DE combined with NTproBNP/BNP. Results. Our data have demonstrated that a mild correlation (r = 0.4401, P < 0.01) was observed between PASP (78.1 ± 29.0 mmHg) measured during RHC and PASP (74.9 ± 19.7 mmHg) as estimated using DE. The Bland‐Altman analysis demonstrated that the bias for DE PASP estimates was 3.2 mmHg with 95% limits of agreement ranging from ‐49.53 to 55.90 mmHg. The results of DE showed an AUC of 0.848 (95% CI = 0.666‐1; P < 0.001), the sensitivity of which was 98.3% and the specificity was 77.8%. The AUC of NTproBNP/BNP for the identification of PAH was 0.804 (95% CI = 0.651‐0.956; P < 0.001), the sensitivity of which was 81.4% and the specificity was 87.5%. The AUC of DE combined with NTproBNP/BNP was 0.857 (95% CI = 0.676‐1; P < 0.001), of which sensitivity was 100% and specificity was 77.8%. The positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) were 96.6% and 100%, respectively. Conclusions. Our study shows that the Doppler echocardiography combined with NTproBNP/BNP has better diagnostic performance in pulmonary artery hypertension associated with congenital heart disease, especially when DE negative screening in PAH patients.