bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Shoemaker’s moderate qualia realism and the transparency of qualia
Authors: Smith Renée J.
Published: January 2019

Qualia realists hold that experience’s phenomenal character is a non-representational property of experience, what they call qualia. Representationalists hold that phenomenal character is a representational property of experience — there are no qualia (in this particular sense of the word). The transparency of qualia to introspection would seem to count as reason for rejecting qualia realism and favouring representationalism. Sydney Shoemaker defends a middle ground, call it moderate qualia realism, which seems to provide a response to the problem of transparency that in consistent with qualia realism. According to this view, while phenomenal character is a representational property of experience, it is determined by certain non-representational properties of experience, namely qualia. Shoemaker explains the apparent transparency of qualia by claiming that, while qualia are not directly introspectible, they are indirectly introspectible. I argue that neither Shoemaker’s moderate qualia realism nor his account of indirect introspection provide the qualia realist with a plausible solution to the problem of transparency.
Doxastic voluntarism and self-deception
Authors: Booth Anthony R.
Published: January 2019

Direct Doxastic Voluntarism — the notion that we have direct (un-mediated) voluntary control over our beliefs — has widely been held to be false. There are, however, two ways to interpret the impossibility of our having doxastic control: as either a conceptual/ logical/metaphysical impossibility or as a psychological impossibility. In this paper I analyse the arguments for (Williams 1973; Scott-Kakures 1993; Adler 2002) and against (Bennett 1990;Radcliffe 1997) both types of claim and, in particular, evaluate the bearing that putative cases of self-deception have on the arguments in defence of voluntarism about belief. For it would seem that if it is the case that self-induced cases of self-deception are indeed possible, then voluntarism about belief could be true after all. Bennett claims that Williams’ argument for the impossibility case proves too much in that if it is successful in ruling out direct doxastic voluntarism, it is also successful in ruling out cases of indirect doxastic voluntarism. If cases of self-deception can also be cases of indirect doxastic voluntarism, then such cases support the argument against the impossibility case. I argue that Bennett is right in claiming that Williams’ argument proves too much, that cases of self-deception are indeed also sometimes cases of indirect self-deception and so that they cause genuine trouble for the conceptual impossibility case. However, I also argue that this is the only genuine worry for Williams’ argument. I end, while considering whether cases of self-deception can tell us anything about the psychological possibility of direct doxastic control, by suggesting a way of establishing the conceptual impossibility of direct doxastic control that circumvents Bennett’s counter-argument.
S5 solution to the red hat puzzle
Authors: Robinson Robert C.
Published: January 2019

I argue that the solution to the Red Hat Problem, a puzzle derived from interactive epistemic logic, requires S5. Interactive epistemic logic is set out in formal terms, and an attempt to solve the red hat puzzle is made in K
τσ, K
ρτ, and K
ρσ, each of which fails, showing that a stronger system, K
τσρ is required.
Is Rationality Normative?
Authors: Broome John
Published: January 2019

Rationality requires various things of you. For example, it requires you not to have contradictory beliefs, and to intend what you believe is a necessary means to an end that you intend. Suppose rationality requires you to F. Does this fact constitute a reason for you to F? Does it even follow from this fact that you have a reason to F? I examine these questions and reach a sceptical conclusion about them. I can find no satisfactory argument to show that either has the answer ‘yes’. I consider the idea that rationality is normative for instrumental reasons, because it helps you to achieve some of the things you ought to achieve. I also consider the idea that rationality consists in responding correctly to reasons. I reject both.
Acting Without Reasons
Authors: Prades Josep L.
Published: January 2019

In this paper, I want to challenge some common assumptions in contemporary theories of practical rationality and intentional action. If I am right, the fact that our intentions can be rationalised is widely misunderstood. Normally, it is taken for granted that the role of rationalisations is to show the reasons that the agent had to make up her mind. I will argue against this. I do not object to the idea that acting intentionally is, at least normally, acting for reasons, but I will propose a teleological reading of the expression ‘for reasons.’ On this reading, it is quite possible to act for reasons without having reasons to act. In a similar way, paradigmatic cases of cogent practical reasoning do not require the transference of justification from the premises to the practical conclusion.
Can Minimalism Account for the Value of Truth?
Authors: Moad Edward
Published: January 2019

Michael Dummett, in ‘Truth,’ mounted an objection to the redundancy theory of truth on the grounds that it neglects to account for the normative features he claimed are part of the concept of truth. Paul Horwich, in ‘The Minimalist Conception of Truth’, notes that the same objection could be leveled against minimalism. He defends minimalism against Dummett’s objection by offering a sketch of an instrumental account of the desirability of truth that is compatible with the minimalist thesis. In this paper, I will review Dummett’s objection and Horwich’s response, identifying some concerns with the account as it stands. I will modify the account to address those concerns, and so that it successfully explains the desirability of having all true beliefs in a way that is compatible with minimalism. I then mount an argument that truth is also intrinsically valuable. The question regarding the adequacy of the minimalist account of truth, then, hinges on whether the account is compatible with the fact of truth’s intrinsic value, along with the question of whether that fact entails its also being essentially valuable.
On the Rationality of Decisions with Unreliable Probabilities
Authors: Birman Fernando
Published: January 2019

The standard Bayesian recipe for selecting the rational choice is presented. A familiar example in which the recipe fails to produce any definite result is introduced. It is argued that a generalization of Gärdenfors’ and Sahlin’s theory of unreliable probabilities — which itself does not guarantee a solution to the problem — offers the best available approach. But a number of challenges to this approach are also presented and discussed.
Os limites da racionalidade: auto-engano e acrasia
Authors: Correia Vasco
Published: January 2019

In this paper, I argue that ordinary cases of self-deception and akrasia derive from the phenomenon of motivated irrationality. According to the ‘motivational’ account, self-deception is typically induced by the influence that desires and emotions exert upon our cognitive faculties, and thereby upon the process of belief formation. Crucially, I show that this hypothesis is consistent with the empirical research carried out by social psychologists, and that it avoids a number of paradoxes that undermine the ‘intentionalist’ account. But motivated irrationality also seems to account for most cases of akrasia, insofar as desires are equally liable to affect the evaluative judgments through which we assess feasible options. This analysis thus set the premises for a unified account of irrationality.
Necessity and Color Incompatibility
Authors: Kierland Brian
Published: January 2019

A traditional view is that all necessary truths are analytic. A frequent objection is that certain claims of color incompatibility – e.g., ‘Nothing is both red and green all over’ – are necessarily true but not analytic. I argue that this objection to the traditional view fails because such color incompatibility claims are either analytic or contingent.
Indispensability Arguments and Their Quinean Heritage
Authors: Busch Jacob , Sereni Andrea
Published: January 2019

Indispensability arguments (IA) for mathematical realism are commonly traced back to Quine. We identify two different Quinean strands in the interpretation of IA, what we label the ‘logical point of view’ and the ‘theory-contribution’ point of view. Focusing on each of the latter, we offer two minimal versions of IA. These both dispense with a number of theoretical assumptions commonly thought to be relevant to IA (most notably confirmational holism and naturalism). We then show that the attribution of both minimal arguments to Quine is controversial, and stress the extent to which this is so in both cases, in order to attain a better appreciation of the Quinean heritage of IA.
All the existences that there are
Authors: Voltolini Alberto
Published: January 2019

In this paper, I will defend the claim that there are three existence properties: the second-order property of being instantiated, a substantive first-order property (or better a group of such properties) and a formal, hence universal, first-order property. I will first try to show what these properties are and why we need all of them for ontological purposes. Moreover, I will try to show why a Meinong-like option that positively endorses both the former and the latter first-order property is the correct view in ontology. Finally, I will add some methodological remarks as to why this debate has to be articulated from the point of view of reality, i.e., by speaking of properties, rather than from the point of view of language, i.e., by speaking of predicates (for such properties).
The Indeterminacy of Translation: Fifty Years Later
Authors: White Stephen L.
Published: January 2019

The paper considers the Quinean heritage of the argument for the indeterminacy of translation. Beyond analyzing Quine’s notion of stimulus meaning, the paper discusses two Kripkean argument’s against the Quinean claim that dispositions can provide the basis for an account of meaning: the Normativity Argument and the Finiteness Argument. An analogy between Kripke’s arguments and Hume’s argument for epistemological skepticism about the external world will be drawn. The paper shows that the answer to Kripke’s rule-following skepticism is analogous to the answer to Humean skepticism: our use of concepts is more basic than, and presupposed by, the statement of the skeptical problem itself.
Nonexistence, Vague Existence, Merely Possible Existence
Authors: Einheuser Iris
Published: January 2019

This paper explores a new non-deflationary approach to the puzzle of nonexistence and its cousins. On this approach, we can, under a plausible assumption, express true de re propositions about certain objects that don’t exist, exist indeterminately or exist merely possibly. The defense involves two steps: First, to argue that if we can actually designate what individuates a nonexistent target object with respect to possible worlds in which that object does exist, then we can express a de re proposition about “it”. Second, to adapt the concept of outer truth with respect to a possible world – a concept familiar from actualist modal semantics – for use in representing the actual world.
Back to the Present: Defending Presentist Time Travel
Authors: Daniels Paul R.
Published: January 2019

Here I defend the compatibility of presentism and time travel against a few objections. Keller and Nelson 2001 argue that, if presentism is at all plausible, presentism and time travel are as compatible as eternalism and time travel. But Miller 2005 and Sider 2005 are not convinced. I reply that for their concerns to have merit, Miller and Sider must assume presentists are committed to positions they need not be; I explain why presentists are not so committed and, in the process, defend Keller and Nelson’s position that there is no roadblock to presentist time travel that does not also apply to eternalist time travel.
Where Does Time Go?
Authors: Mazzola Claudio
Published: January 2019

It is a classical argument against the objectivity of the flow of time that it would not be possible to make sense of its direction without stepping into a vicious circularity. This paper is dedicated to discuss some of the objections Tim Maudlin has recently put forward against this argument, while outlining an alternative and more effective way out of it.
Dispositional Essentialism and the Nature of Powerful Properties
Authors: Bauer William A.
Published: January 2019

Dispositional essentialism maintains that all sparse properties are essentially powerful. Two conceptions of sparse properties appear compatible with dispositional essentialism: sparse properties as pure powers or as powerful qualities. This paper compares the two views, criticizes the powerful qualities view, and then develops a new theory of pure powers, termed Point Theory. This theory neutralizes the main advantage powerful qualities appear to possess over pure powers—explaining the existence of powers during latency periods. The paper discusses the relation between powers and space-time points, whether pure powers need to occupy space, and how to account for the movement of pure powers through space-time. Given Point Theory, dispositional essentialists should maintain that sparse properties are pure powers.
Pre-Socratic Discrete Kinematics
Authors: Calosi Claudio , Fano Vincenzo
Published: January 2019

We present a neglected heterodox version of Zeno’s paradox of the Stadium, underlining some problems that a discrete kinematics would have to account for. Building on our reconstruction of the Stadium argument we provide new arguments to show that a discrete kinematics cannot uphold three independently plausible assumptions about motion, that we label No Switching, Granular Continuity and Different Velocities, and hence it should drop at least one.
Reliable Misrepresentation and Teleosemantics
Authors: Artiga Marc
Published: January 2019

Mendelovici (forthcoming) has recently argued that (1) tracking theories of mental representation (including teleosemantics) are incompatible with the possibility of reliable misrepresentation and that (2) this is an important difficulty for them. Furthermore, she argues that this problem commits teleosemantics to an unjustified a priori rejection of color eliminativism. In this paper I argue that (1) teleosemantics can accommodate most cases of reliable misrepresentation, (2) those cases the theory fails to account for are not objectionable and (3) teleosemantics is not committed to any problematic view on the color realism-antirealism debate.
A Puzzle about Disagreement
Authors: Verdejo Víctor M.
Published: January 2019

A well-known (roughly Fregean) strategy for dealing with Kripke’s 1979 Pierre-puzzle is to appeal to differing senses or modes of presentation in the characterization of Pierre’s beliefs. However, differing senses or modes of presentation in the characterization of an agent’s beliefs conceal, in this context, another equally challenging puzzle about disagreement. Apparently therefore, theorists are required to pay attention to both sorts of puzzles in order to offer a satisfactory solution to the Pierre case.
Is Epistemology Tainted?
Authors: Stanley Jason
Published: January 2019

Epistemic relativism comes in many forms, which have been much discussed in the last decade or so in analytic epistemology. My goal is to defend a version of epistemic relativism that sources the relativity in the metaphysics of epistemic properties and relations, most saliently knowledge. I contrast it with other relativist theses. I argue that the sort of metaphysical relativism about knowledge I favor does not threaten the objectivity of the epistemological domain.
Wiggins on Practical Knowledge
Authors: Clarke Henry
Published: January 2019

Wiggins’ (2012) argument against propositional accounts of knowing how is based on a development of some considerations taken from Aristotle’s Nicomachean Ethics. Aristotle argued that the knowledge needed for participation in an ethos cannot be codified in propositional form so as to let it be imparted to someone who did not already have it. This is because any putative codification would be incomplete, and require that knowledge in order to extend it to novel cases. On a reasonable interpretation of his argument, Wiggins claims that the same goes for practical knowledge in general, and that this shows that a propositional view of knowing how is incorrect. This paper shows that this argument is unsound.
The Concept of Knowledge: What is It For?
Authors: Vega-Encabo Jesús
Published: January 2019

What is the concept of knowledge for? What does it do for us? This question cannot be severed from considerations about what we do by using it. In this paper, I propose to view the point of our concept of knowledge in terms of a device for acknowledging epistemic authority in a social and normative space in which we share valuable information. It is our way of collectively expressing the acknowledgment we owe to others because of their being creditable when engaged in the task of knowing. By using the concept of knowledge we are not just marking the epistemic positions we occupy, we are also acknowledging epistemic authority and indicating the advisability of taking oneself or others as “ready” for the transmission of authority.
Acting in Order to Know, Knowing in Order to Act: Sosa on Epistemic and Practical Deliberation
Authors: Navarro Jesús
Published: January 2019

The questions ‘Do I know p?’ and ‘shall I take p as a reason to act?’ seem to belong to different domains — or so claims Ernest Sosa in his Judgment and Agency (2015), the latest version of his virtue epistemology. According to Sosa, we may formulate the first question in a purely epistemological way — a matter of knowledge “full stop” —, while the second one is necessarily intruded by pragmatic factors — a matter of “actionable knowledge”. Both should be answered, in his view, considering the reliability of my belief, but the former could be faced in total abstraction from my personal practical concerns. In this paper I dispute Sosa’s view, and claim that no purely epistemic level of knowledge “full stop” is conceivable, at least within a reliabilist framework. A case is put forward in order to show that some given belief may not be considered as reliable by itself, as a token, but always as a member of a type, belonging to some class of reference of other beliefs. And the relevant class of reference may only be chosen considering personal practical interests.
The Problem of the Rock and the Grammar of Consciousness
Authors: Brons Lajos
Published: January 2019

The “Problem of the Rock” (PoR) is a famous objection to Higher-Order (HO) theories of consciousness. According to PoR, the HO theorists’ claim that a mental state is conscious iff there is a higher-order mental state about it implies that a rock is also conscious iff there is a higher-order mental state about it. In this paper I show that this argument confuses two grammatically distinct attributions of consciousness, and that if the consequent equivocation fallacy is avoided, PoR is either a straw man argument or has an unproblematic conclusion.
Robustness and Up-to-us-ness
Authors: Kittle Simon
Published: January 2019

Frankfurt-style cases purport to show that an agent can be morally responsible for an action despite not having any alternatives. Some critics have responded by highlighting various alternatives that remain in the cases presented, while Frankfurtians have objected that such alternatives are typically not capable of grounding responsibility. In this essay I address the recent suggestion by Seth Shabo that only alternatives associated with the ‘up to us’ locution ground moral responsibility. I distinguish a number of kinds of ability, suggest which kinds of abilities ground the truth of the ‘up to us’ locution, and outline how these distinctions apply to the indeterministic buffer cases.
How Long is Now? A New Perspective on the Specious Present
Authors: Roselli Andrea
Published: January 2019

What is the Specious Present? Which is its duration? And why, ultimately, do we need it to figure in our phenomenological account of temporal perception? In this paper, after introducing the role of the Specious Present in the main models that account for our phenomenological present, and after considering the deflationary objection by Dennett (that the debate relies on the fallacy of the Cartesian Theatre of Mind, the idea that it is meaningful to ask where and when an experience becomes conscious), I claim—thanks to a spatial analogy—that there could be a good criterion to distinguish between a present experience and a past experience, that there are good reasons to sustain the Specious Present (while snapshots are in no sense part of our phenomenological life), and that there could be a precise way to define the nature—and to measure the duration—of the Specious Present; as I will clarify, our capability and possibility to act and react are central in this perspective. If we accept this change of perspective, there is a definite sense in which the Specious Present is part of our temporal phenomenology.
Which Sectors Drive Egypt’s Growth And Employment?
Authors: Kamal Azza Mohmed
Published: January 2019

According to the International Monetary Fund, Egypt’s employment elasticity of growth in the last two decades was relatively low, as previous policies focused on capital deepening rather than improving labor utilization growth rate. This paper uses input-output analysis to identify the economic activities that have high output and employment multipliers at the subsector level of manufacturing and services in Egypt, while previous multiplier research for Egypt analyzed manufacturing as an aggregate sector. The top 20 ranking subsectors in terms Fof employment multipliers include 13 services and 7 manufacturing subsectors. Except for food and accommodation services, most of the services subsectors gain their high rank from direct and induced employment, with little contribution of backward interlinkages. The picture is mixed for manufacturing. For example, most of the employment effect of food products and beverages is attributed to the interlinkage with the agriculture sector, but the direct and induced employment effects are small. The paper presents an illustrative exercise which excludes imported intermediate inputs in order to account for the possible overestimation of the multiplier effect due to imports. The employment multiplier is reduced by more than 30% in the sectors which use intermediate inputs from high import upstream sectors.
Education and Economic Growth of the Western Balkans Countries
Authors: Erić Ognjen
Published: January 2019

Numerous theoretical and empiric studies investigate the correlation between education and human capital and economic development. Full affirmation of knowledge and the role of education in stimulating economic growth were provided by endogenous theory. The subject of this paper is to analyse the correlation between education and educational system and the economic growth of the Western Balkans countries (WB). The hypothesis of this work says that: education and educational system in the WB affect the growth of GDP per capita. A better education system stimulates and accelerates the economic growth and development. The aim of this research is to prove that an optimal education system stimulates the growth and development in each observed national economy. In this paper, the results of the correlation analysis indicate high compliance of higher education with GDP per capita i.e. higher education population is particularly important for the level of development whereas there is a highly compliant but inverse relation of the population with informal level of education and economic development in the WB countries.
Challenges in Creating Transformative Growth for Companies In Digital Economy
Authors: Mašić Branislav , Vladušić Ljubiša , Nešić Sandra
Published: January 2019

Digital economy creates waves and waves of disruptions. To survive and thrive in digital economy, where technology is disrupting industries from education to even manufacturing, companies are looking for new approaches to stay relevant. As the world becomes more digitalized, customer-centric approach to product development, short product cycles and rapid decision-making is needed. At the same time, while optimizing the existing core business, companies must grow more entrepreneurial culture and transformational growth engines inside the companies. Following this path, the major challenge for companies is how to implement strategic growth innovation along with executing traditional business model and operational excellence. This paper aims to explore and present the importance of digital transformation and innovations. Companies should strive to build collaborative relationships as a means to creating transformational growth. It is suggested that information and communications technologies are significant in the process of strategic planning. The Paper also emphasizes the importance of organizational structure and culture required for implementing strategies that are aligned with digital transformation.
Innovative Policy Reforms for Sustainable Development: Empirical Evidence from PICs
Authors: Amaradasa Dr Ranasinghe M.W.
Published: January 2019

The science and technology capabilities inculcate economic growth in a country through various processes engaged with absorption and utilization of existing knowledge, and creation of new knowledge. The Pacific Island Countries consisted of many small developing island nations naturally have limited S&T capabilities and narrow development agenda. The present study explores how different island nations in the Pacific configure themselves and design development initiatives in the global economy. Recent policy initiatives, S&T establishments and innovative approaches in PICs are visited to derive reasonable conclusive remarks. The analysis disclose existence of focussed but partially fragmented move towards sustainable development rather than driving the economy for generating a competitive edge in the business world. The fabric of the economic growth in small developing nations is naturally blended with the social and cultural interests and hence innovations across specific segments of economic sectors are chosen based on their capabilities and access to resources. Hence, the evidence reimpose that fact that the small developing nations, in particularly the PICs, select the path of development to generate the competitive advantage in the global market, while emphasizing sustainability as a priority.
Effectivness of the Adoption of the XBRL Standard in the Indian Banking Sector
Authors: Kumar Purnendu , Kumar S. Sujeesh , Dilip Archana
Published: January 2019

The XBRL standard was adopted by the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) in the year 2008 as a standard by which the banks that are regulated by the RBI submit regulatory, prudential, supervisory, and other statistical data. This study focuses on estimating the effectiveness of the adoption of the XBRL standard in the Indian banking sector. The effectiveness has been studied on the basis of the responses received on the survey conducted targeting the commercial banks of India. Two important factors, namely, ‘Effectiveness of the XBRL Data Submission’ and ‘Savings of Time and Cost’ have been considered mainly for the study. The study revealed that the overall efficiency of the reporting system in the Indian banking sector has increased to a great extent with the adoption of the XBRL standard. Although the overall effectiveness of XBRL adoption has been found to be satisfactory, there is always room for further enhancement of the system in order to achieve complete effectiveness.
Nonlinear Reaction functions: Evidence from India
Authors: Ajaz Taufeeq
Published: January 2019

This paper uses time-series data from India and tests for asymmetries in policy preferences of the Reserve Bank of India (the Central Bank of India, hereafter RBI). The results show evidence in favour of preference asymmetries in monetary policy reaction function in India and hence nonlinearities in the Taylor-rule. Evidence of both recession avoidance preference (RAP) as well as inflation avoidance preference (IAP) is established. And it is found that RAP is dominant over IAP, thus confirming nonlinearities in reaction function which in the present case turns out to be concave in inflation and output gap. Further, the results indicate preference asymmetries in both the objectives. The coefficient weights to positive and negative inflation and output gap differ over long time horizons thus confirming asymmetric policy preferences. Specifically the RBI seems to be more averse to a negative output gap (contraction) as compared to an equal positive gap. In addition, the RBI appears to be more averse to a positive inflation gap as compared to an equal negative gap.
Bank Efficiency in Malaysia a DEA Approach
Authors: Kamarudin Fakarudin , Sufian Fadzlan , Nassir Annuar Md. , Anwar Nazratul Aina Mohamad , Hussain Hafezali Iqbal
Published: January 2019

The purpose of the present paper is to examine the revenue efficiency of the Malaysian Islamic banking sector. The study also seeks to investigate the potential internal (bank specific) and external (macroeconomic) determinants that influence the revenue efficiency of Malaysian domestic Islamic banks. We employ the whole gamut of domestic and foreign Islamic banks operating in the Malaysian Islamic banking sector during the period of 2006 – 2015. The level of revenue efficiency is computed by using the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) method. Furthermore, we employ a panel regression analysis framework based on the Ordinary Least Square (OLS) method to examine the potential determinants of revenue efficiency. The results indicate that the level of revenue efficiency of Malaysian domestic Islamic banks is lower compared to their foreign Islamic bank counterparts. We find that bank market power, liquidity, and management quality significantly influence the improvement in revenue efficiency of the Malaysian domestic Islamic banks during the period under study. This study provides for the first time empirical evidence that covering all three efficiency concepts, namely cost, revenue, and profit efficiency is completely missing from the literature. By calculating these efficiency concepts, we can observe the efficiency levels of the domestic and foreign Islamic banks. In addition, by comparing both cost and profit efficiency, we can identify the influence of the revenue efficiency on the banks’ profitability.
Medical professions in Poland – selected legal aspects
Authors: Miaskowska-Daszkiewicz Katarzyna
Published: January 2019

This article is a voice in the discussion of legal problems related to understanding the concept of a medical profession. The considerations were divided into three main parts. In the first one, the concept of “medical profession” was reconstructed and problems in the classification of particular professions to the category of medical professions were pointed out. Not every medical profession is characterized by the quality of public trust, although due to the good that medical professions are dealing with, such a state would most likely be the most desired one. In the second part of the text, based on the jurisprudence of the Constitutional Tribunal, the features determining the recognition that a given profession is a profession of public trust were indicated. These remarks were related to medical professions. The content of the third part is a consequence of the fact that it is difficult to precisely establish a catalog of medical professions. The practical significance of the lack of systemic solutions in defining a medical profession is given in the example of tax law, in the scope of the exemption from the Goods and Services Tax.
Selected determinants of the professional identity of dietitian in the context of legal regulations on the practice of dietitian in Poland and the European Union
Authors: Skrzypek Michał , Pachocka Lucyna , Goral Karolina , Partycka-Skrzypek Adamina
Published: January 2019

The subject of the article is the present status of the profession of dietitian in the Polish healthcare system, taking into account the analysis of the current legislation in force that defines the principles of employment of dietitians and the practice of the dietitian in Poland in the context of relevant provisions of the EU law, with emphasis on the position of dieticians in the health-care systems of selected European Union countries. The study advances the thesis that the current status of the profession of dietitian in Poland reflects its incomplete professionalization manifested in the lack of legal regulations on the principles of its practice that are applied in the case of other medical professions. A consequence of the present, comparatively low status of the profession of dietitian in Poland is, inter alia, the hindered availability of professional clinical dietetics counseling under public health insurance, as well as the practice of the profession as a business activity by individuals whose professional qualifications are not subject to verification by professional regulatory bodies. This produces a risk to patients, arising from the fact that interventions not verified by the EBM paradigm are nevertheless implemented as part of dietary counseling.
Midwife’s professional functions prescribed by the law
Authors: Iwanowicz-Palus Grażyna Jolanta , Krysa Justyna , Korżyńska-Piętas Magdalena , Rzońca Ewa , Bień Agnieszka
Published: January 2019

A midwife is an independent medical profession regulated by law. It is treated as a mission, a profession of public trust. The independence of midwife expresses in the professional activities which are performed in accordance with professional competences. Moreover, it is a universal feature of the midwife profession. International and national regulations are important in process of shaping the legal status of the midwife profession. Due to its nature, this profession requires from the midwives continuous, lifelong learning and professional improvement. National and European legislation on midwife profession indicates professional functions which are characteristic for this profession. Knowledge of professional legislation and its conscious application in professional practice is a basic obligation in the midwife’s practice. Lack of knowledge in this regard has serious legal and moral consequences, as well as might pose a risk to the patient safety. This study contains an analysis of the legislation that determine the professional functions of midwives and influence the rules of the professional performance for midwifery profession.
Hospital network and access to Night and Holiday Patient Care
Authors: Celejewski Michał , Pawlikowski Jakub
Published: January 2019

Night and Holiday Patient Care is a place providing health services, necessary for securing patients’ medical needs in efficient way and round-the-clock. Units providing such care are located in selected hospitals chosen in connection with the introduction of the hospital network since October 1, 2017. The main aim of the study was comparison of changes that occurred in the area of location and access to Night and Holiday Patient Care after and before establishing hospital network. The analysis was based on a review of the relevant legal acts available on the ISAP website, scientific articles selected from the medical databases, as well as information published on the official websites of governmental agencies and entities offering night and holiday medical services. The introduction of the hospital network has changed the number, localization and availability of places providing Nights and Holiday Patient Care. These changes resulted in, on the one side, faster access to more specialized medical care, on the other, a reduction in the number of places in some cities. These changes require monitoring in terms of access and quality of basic care services during nights and holidays, so that in the long-term it can be determined whether the applied changes were beneficial from the perspective of the patient and the health care system.
Patients’ opinions on gynaecologists – experiences and assessments
Authors: Dudkowski-Sadowska Anna
Published: January 2019

Over the last few years, relatively close attention has been paid to analysing the attitudes of women to routine health check-ups and their knowledge of the risks associated with cervical cancer and breast cancer. What could also provide inspiring insights for scientific exploration, not only in the context of prevention, are the relationships between gynaecologists and their patients, gynaecologist appointment experiences, and satisfaction with care quality. It is important to note that the fear of the gynaecologist could be a serious barrier for women, and having a doctor they can trust has a positive impact on the regularity of their appointments. At the same time, negative experiences associated with the uneasy and perhaps embarrassing gynaecological examination, or doctor’s behaviour, are by no means the only reasons why women avoid such appointments. This article presents an up-to-date overview of the use of gynaecological care in Poland, along with findings from selected western studies.
Prestige of the medical profession. Is there a connection between feminization and decreased prestige?
Authors: Bogusz Renata
Published: January 2019

Introduction. Since the dawn of time, one of the characteristics of the medical profession has been its high prestige. It should be underlined, however, that up until the middle of the 19th century doctors were almost exclusively men. For women, who on the wave of emancipation movements, sought to obtain formal opportunities for becoming a physician, studying medicine and obtaining medical practices were rendered impossible and ultimately hindered due to sex discrimination. Since the beginning of the 20th century, the medical profession has begun to succumb to feminization and women’s domination has remained till this day.

Aim. The aim of this article is to present results of research analyzing the position of female doctors in the hierarchy of professional prestige.

Material and methods. Results presented in the article are an outcome of qualitative and quantitative questionnaire studies. Quantitative studies were conducted in 2018 on a representative group of 600 adult Poles. In qualitative research, 29 direct interviews with female doctors were conducted. The research sample was selected using snowball sampling. The respondents were physicians with different seniority who were in the process of specialization or with the title of specialist in the field of eighteen medical specialties.

Results. Among twenty of the evaluated professions, the highest positions in the hierarchy of prestige was obtained by physicians, firefighters and university professors. In direct interviews, female doctors confirmed that their profession enjoys societies’ respect; however, the level of respect for numerous reasons has decreased compared to the past. Some of the respondents attributed this fall to feminization of medicine.

Conclusions. A discrepancy was observed between the physicians’ and society’s opinions. In physicians’ opinion, for various reasons (also due to feminization), the prestige of the medical profession has significantly decreased compared to the past.
The specificity of the individual professional practice of midwives with regard to home births. Analysis of the ‘relationship field’
Authors: Nowakowska Luiza
Published: January 2019

Introduction. By virtue of the Act of 5 July 1996 on the occupation of nurses and midwives, a midwife in Poland has full professional autonomy. The Act does not forbid conduct of individual practice outside of a hospital.

Aim. The purpose of the article is to present practical execution of individual practice of assisting during home birth with regard to relations between the midwife and the woman giving birth.

Materials and methods. The issues presented in the article are a part of broader research concerning home births in Poland. The research was commenced in 2014 and finalized in 2018. The analysis concerned statements of women who decided not to give birth in a hospital. I obtained the empirical material through in-depth interviews and I referred to data existing in the form of e.g. blog entries. Finally, I collected 40 descriptions of home births. They underwent a qualitative analysis with the use of the grounded theory methodology and the social world theory.

Results. The outcome of the research is a multifaceted “sociological portrait” of the world of women, which implement an alternative to the hospital birth scenario. In the article, I limit myself to the presentation of mechanisms of transformation of midwife-birthing woman relations from professionally neutral to emotionally involved: mutual appreciation, balancing of positions, comprehensive qualification, systematic maintenance of relations, and feminization of birth. I also presented the principles of cooperation with the birthing woman during home birth: constant and imperceptible presence, following a woman, patient accompaniment, support, animation of bonds, and respect for the ceremony. The whole discussion depicts the special character of the individual practice of midwives with regard to the field of relations.

Conclusion. Reference to childbirth experiences allowed for identifying potential expectations of women planning to have children towards the midwife’s profession, as well as the possible paths of professional development of representatives of this profession, especially in the face of the growing awareness and autonomy of people using health care services. These issues may also be treated as an element of a broader discussion on the shape of an optimum pre- and post-natal care.
Determination of Velocity of Detonation Using Dautrich Method
Authors: Šunjić Darko , Buljan Stipo
Published: January 2019

Explosive forming appeared at the end of the 19th century as unconventional technology that provides new methods to get workpieces with bigger dimensions and complex geometries. As a source of energy this technology uses explosives. Explosive, as such, is relatively inexpensive and theoretically with it, it is possible to get any amount of energy that is needed. Explosive forming is used with other technologies such as deep drawing, expansion of pipes, welding etc. One of the main explosive characteristics is the velocity of detonation that can be determined, inter alia, with the Dautrich method. This paper clarifies the method and gives a case study with explosive Vitezit 20.
ANALISIS ALGORITMA HANDOVER UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN ADAPTASI MOBILITAS DI LTE PADA KERANGKA SON (SELF OPTIMIZING NETWORK)
Authors: Rahman Fadilah , Mufti A. Nachwan , Ariefianto W. Tody
Published: January 2019

Long Term Evolution (LTE) adalah suatu teknologi 4G yang memiliki tingkat mobilitas handover yang tinggi sampai kecepatan 350 km/jam. Namun, aktualnya ada beberapa permasalahan handover, yaitu Radio Link Failure (RLF) dan efek ping-pong. Kedua permasalahan ini terjadi karena pengaturan parameter control handover pada eNodeB yang kurang tepat, sehingga mengakibatkan kegagalan handover dan pingpong handover. Pada LTE Release 9, 3GPP memperkenalkan konsep Self Optimizing Network (SON) melalui metode Mobility Robustness Optimization (MRO). Pada penelitian ini dilakukan proses analisis terhadap algoritma handover inter-eNodeB melalui interface X2 untuk sistem LTE. Sistem tersebut menggunakan metode optimisasi MRO sehingga dapat mengetahui jumlah dan probabilitas kegagalan handover dan pingpong handover dari yang diujikan pada kecepatan tertentu di daerah dense urban, urban, dan rural. Penelitian ini menghasilkan nilai referensi threshold untuk diimplementasikan pada setiap jenis daerah. Pada daerah dense urban, nilai threshold referensi parameter handover yaitu HOM = 5 dB dan TTT = 640 ms. Untuk daerah urban, nilai threshold parameter handover yang ditawarkan yaitu HOM = 4 dB dan TTT = 640 ms. Sedangkan, daerah rural memiliki nilai HOM = 3 dB dan TTT = 256 ms.Kata Kunci: Long Term Evolution, handover, Radio Link Failure, Self Optimizing Network, Mobility Robustness Optimization
PERANCANGAN DAN SIMULASI PEMISAHAN REFRAIN LAGU DENGAN METODE FAST FOURIER TRANSFORM (FFT)
Authors: Simanungkalit Obed , Magdalena Rita , Ramatryana I Nyoman Apraz
Published: January 2019

Pemisahan reff lagu secara manual untuk sebuah database membutuhkan waktu yang sedikit lama.Hal ini disebabkan untuk menentukan semua posisi reff dalam sebuah lagu, seseorang harus mengetahui lagu tersebut dengan mendengarkan lagu secara keseluruhan. Penelitian ini mengusulkan sistem penambahan database otomatis secara cepat dan tepat dengan memanfaatkan perkembangan audio processing dalam industri musik. Kami membuat sistem dengan menggunakan lagu sebagai input dilengkapi dengan ekstraksi ciri menggunakan metode Fast Fourier Transform (FFT).Kemudian sistem akan melakukan pencocokan data antara potongan reff pertama lagu yang sudah diketahui posisinya dengan lagu tersebut secara utuh.Hal ini dilakukan untuk mendapatkan output berupa posisi reff kedua dan ketiga dalam sebuah lagu. Penggunaan metode FFT pada makalah ini diharapkan memiliki akurasi tinggi dan waktu komputasi yang baik.
PENINGKATAN PERFORMANSI PROSESOR DLX DENGAN METODE PIPELINE
Authors: Abdurohman Maman
Published: January 2019

Prosesor DLX adalah sebuah prosesor berbasis RISC (Reduced Instruction Set Computer) yang dirancang sebagai prosesor tujuan umum (general purpose processor). Prosesor ini mempunyai arsitektur load-store dengan panjang semua instruksinya 32 bit. Setiap instruksi dieksekusi dalam beberapa siklus waktu (cycletime). Secara umum time cycle yang digunakan sebanyak lima tahap yang terdiri dari tahap-tahap : Instruction Fetch (IF), Instruction Decode (ID), Execute (EX), Memory Access (MEM), dan Write Back (WB). Kelima tahap ini dikerjakan secara berurutan [2]. Sebagai prosesor multicycle, DLX mempunyai peluang untuk meningkatkan kinerjanya yang diukur dengan kecepatan proses yang dinyatkan sebagai waktu CPU (CPU time). Peningkatan kinerja prosesor DLX dapat diterapkan dengan menggunakan teknik pipeline. Pada jurnal ini telah dianalisis peningkatan performansi prosesor DLX dengan menggunakan teknik pipeline. Uji coba dilakukan terhadap beberapa program aplikasi yang dieksekusi dengan menggunakan teknik pipeline dan tanpa menggunakan teknik pipeline. Secara umum terjadi peningkatan kecepatan pada setiap kumpulan instruksi yang dianalisis. Proses pengujian dilakukan dengan menggunakan simulator windlx yang merupakan simulator prosesor DLX.Kata kunci : Prosesor DLX, RISC, general purpose processor, CPU, Pipeline, windlx
USING MULTIPLE TEXTS TO TEACH CRITICAL READING SKILLS TO LINGUISTICALLY DIVERSE STUDENTS
Authors: Thomas Kaemanje , Choi Minkyung
Published: January 2019

Mastery of developmental reading courses offers both an opportunity for academic enrichment and a barrier to college completion. We examine what it means to use multiple texts in college developmental reading courses, the benefits of using them, and considerations that instructors may employ in their instructions. A review of the literature indicates Linguistically Diverse students (LDs) often lack the required critical thinking skills needed to tackle the rigor and demand of their college level courses. We conducted a study to tests whether using multiple texts improved LDs critical reading skills.� Participants of 30 undergraduate students taking RDL 500 course were analyzed using pre and posttest results. Findings indicated that integrated use of multiple texts is a practical teaching approach for LDs improved their critical reading skills and their navigation of unfamiliar texts. This implies the use of the one size-fits-all approach may not be an effective pedagogical practice by instructors who teach the LD student.Keywords:�community college; critical literacy; cultural capital; developmental reading; language minority students; linguistically diverse students; multiple texts; sociocultural literacy.