bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Kazakh University Ways of Communications — Leader of Education for the transport complex of the Republic of Kazakhstan
Authors: Omarov A. D.
Published: June 2020

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Media Pembelajaran Ramah Lingkungan Sekolah Dasar Negeri Inklusi Di Pekanbaru Di Era Revolusi Industri 4.0
Authors: Denico Ahmad
Published: June 2020

The era of the industrial revolution 4.0 is famous for the rapid development of technology. This development must be accompanied by environmental balance. The development of technology that is not environmentally friendly becomes a problem for the community besides the problem of plastic waste which is equally disturbing. Environmental problems not only disturb society in general but also seeped into the educational environment for that, as educators, we must utilize used items to be used as learning media. This journal aims to determine the environmentally friendly learning media that can be used by teachers to deliver learning material that dances students in the class. An environmentally friendly learning media is a media that utilizes used goods to be used as a material delivery tool to focus on student learning. There are several environmentally friendly media that can be used by teachers including utilizing used bottles to be used as models for human breathing equipment, used boxes used as clock models, used aqua bottles used as transportation media models and others
Эффекты регуляции и стимуляции: институциональные механизмы возникновения и роль в инновационном развитии хозяйственных систем
Authors: Miropolskiy Dmitriy , Lomakina Irina
Published: June 2020

There has been researched the impact of plan andmarket institutes on forming regulation
and stimulation effects based on applying a two-sector models of the economic system. The importance of combining positive and negative values of these effects in specific conditions of a particular national economy is substantiated for innovative development. The effects of moving from plan to market and from market to plan are illustrated.
Налогоплательщики налога на доходы физических лиц как значимые участники инициативного бюджетирования
Authors: Vylkova Elena , Shmatko Anna
Published: June 2020

The article analyzes the state of proactive budgeting in the world and in Russia as well
as identifies the main possible directions for its development. The directions of reforming the taxation of personal income in foreign countries and Russia over the recent years are considered. Demand for a fair and effective approach to taxation is shown. The feasibility of developing proactive budgeting in the context of the personal income tax (PIT) reform in terms of expanding the rights of honored and distinguished taxpayers of PIT for participation in participatory budgeting is substantiated. Suggestions have been
formulated to amend the regulatory framework on proactive budgeting, to encourage honored and distinguished taxpayers, and to provide them with the opportunity to actively participate in creating a list of projects as well as making decisions on their financing.
Внешние условия и факторы функционирования отраслей животноводства Республики Беларусь
Authors: Kireyenka Natallia , Gorbatovski Aliaksandr , Harbatouskaya Aksana , Dounar Liudmila
Published: June 2020

The assessment of conditions and factors of external economic environment of functioning of the main livestock breeding sectors in the new conditions of management was made. From the point of view of import intensity and competitiveness of animal production the condition of the branch on separate kinds of its production resources, such as forages, veterinary preparations and breeding cattle is analyzed. The level of production of animal products in the member states of the Eurasian Economic Union has been determined and the competitive advantages of the animal husbandry sectors of Belarus under the conditions of the EEU functioning have been assessed by the price of commodity producers, the level of productivity of agricultural animals, profitability of production. Significant external factors determining the modern vector of livestock breeding development in the context of implementing a set of measures to ensure food security, import substitution and export development in conditions of growing competition in the market of EEU member states have been identified.
Logistics potential usage for railway transport enterprises competitivness assessment
Authors: Chornopyska Nataliya , Stasiuk Kateryna
Published: June 2020

Research relevance. The problem of logistics potential development for the railway transportation companies with a purpose of strengthening its competitive positions is actualized in the conditions of railway transportation market liberalization and deregulation.
Purpose: to develop a methodology for railway enterprises logistics potential evaluation by supplementing it with qualitative parameters (by applying the hierarchy analysis model) and thus expanding its scope. In particular, when assessing competitiveness.
Methods: the hierarchy analysis model by T. Saati; expert evaluation method; the integral index of competitiveness evaluation method.
Conclusions and value added: The enterprises logistics potential evaluation method with hierarchy analysis model usage was further developed. The logistics potential assessment problem is presented in a form of three-tier hierarchy of criteria. The hierarchy consists of eighteen third-level criteria and five second-level criteria, which compose a comprehensive system of indicators for railway enterprise logistics potential assessing. The qualitative parameters were obtained for enterprises logistics potential criteria evaluation. The research with the described method usage allowed to distinguish the components of logistical potential according to their level of importance in terms of strategic priorities for the industry development in general and the target market requirements; and to identify those criteria, the consideration of which will allow to increase the railway transport enterprises competitiveness. This approach expands the enterprise’s logistics potential methodology scope, especially when assessing competitiveness, helps to choose a further strategic direction.
Updating the implementation of lean logistics in a changing environment
Authors: Davydenko Volodymir , RISTVEJ Jozef , STRELCOVÁ Stanislava
Published: June 2020

The article is devoted to the analysis of the possibilities of implementing Lean Logistics in an unstable competitive environment. The article sets out the theoretical and practical aspects of the lean enterprise. The concept of Lean Production and its main goals are considered. The classical characteristic of the Lean Production concept to the main types of losses is highlighted. The concept of Lean Logistics is proposed as a Lean Production tool. The content of the concept of Lean Logistics is disclosed. The main reasons leading to the occurrence of logistic losses are considered. The analysis of basic tools and methods that can be applied in Lean Logistics. The possibilities of obtaining benefits from Lean Production tools, when applied in a logistics strategy, are considered. Lean Production methods used in logistics are proposed. The economic benefits of implementing Lean Logistics tools are presented. Recommendations for further research are provided.
ERZİNCAN TULUM PEYNİRİNİN TÜKETİCİ TEMELLİ MARKA DEĞERİNİN ÖLÇÜLMESİ
Authors: ÇİFTCİ Hilal Sadet , DURUKAN Tülin
Published: June 2020

Bu makalede "Belli bir niteliği, ünü ve diğer özellikleriyle, bir yöre, alan, bölge veya ülkeyle özdeşleşmiş bir ürünü tanıtıp, gösteren işaretler” olarak tanımlanan coğrafi işaret tescil belgesine sahip Erzincan tulum peynirinin tüketici temelinde marka değerinin ölçülmesi hedeflenmiştir. Yapılan regresyon analizinde, Erzincan Tulum Peyniri Genel Marka Değeri üzerinde, tüketici temelli marka değeri boyutlarından marka farkındalığı ve marka çağrışımlarının pozitif ve olumlu bir etkisinin olmadığı ancak marka sadakati ve algılanan kalitenin pozitif ve anlamlı etkisinin bulunduğu görülmüştür. Bu durumu bu peynirin tek bir marka adı altında, standart bir ambalajla ve tüm ulusal pazarda yer almamasıyla açıklamak mümkündür. Erzincan Tulum Peyniri yöresel ürün kategorisinde ve KOBİ’ler tarafından üretilen genel bir peynir olarak tüketici zihinlerinde yer almaktadır. Ülkemizde peynir üretimi fazla olmasına rağmen coğrafi işaret tescil belgesine sahip peynirler az sayıdadır. Marka bilinirliği artırmak amacıyla, Erzincan Tulum Peynirine yönelik bu araştırmadan elde edilen bulgular yorumlanmış ve peynirin tanıtımı için önerilerde bulunulmuştur.
Evaluation of the National Education Council’s Decisions regarding the Education of Gifted and Talented Students
Authors: BİLGİÇ Necati , ATAMAN Ayşegül
Published: June 2020

An evaluation of the history of countries' education in helps us better understand the present and develop better future policies. In this study, the decisions taken on the education of special talents in the con-gresses of the National Education in Turkey held since the establishment of the Republic were critically eval-uated. Document analysis, one of the qualitative re-search methods, was used. In this context, a total of nineteen councils were examined. As a result of the study, it was found that that there were studies for children in need of special education in the multi-party period and it was seen that detailed decisions regarding the education of talented individuals came forward after 2000s as a result of the developments in the world and the reflection of these developments to Turkey and the importance of the issue. Looking at the implementation of the recommendations of the decisions, it was seen that some decisions were ap-plied, some decisions do not continue. Finally, when we look at the agenda items for the education of tal-ented individuals in past councils, it was seen that it is not sustainable, it is more person-focused than sys-tem-oriented, and it is shaped according to government policies.
GENETIC ANALYSIS OF FAMILIES HAVING AUTOSOMAL RECESSIVE INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY
Authors: Khan Jamshed , Junaid Muhammad , Uddin Shahab , Moeed Khalida , Ullah Usman , Aman Shehla
Published: June 2020

Background: Intellectual disability (ID) is a neuro-developmental defect that is manifested by development delay and learning disability. Such defects may be caused due to chromosomal disorders (trisomy 18 or Down syndrome) or single gene mutation. Its worldwide prevalence is estimated to be 1-3%. The genetic etiology of non-syndromic ID is poorly understood. To date, more than 100 loci have been reported to be associated with non-syndromic ID. The objective of this study was to identify the causative genes for three Materials & Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Khyber Medical University, Peshawar, Pakistan from March 2014 to August 2015. The inclusion criteria set for the families was consanguineous relation and more than two patients per family (including cousins). All the patients were tested individually in friendly atmosphere using IQ test to scale the ID on the basis of performance. Thereafter, blood samples were taken by aseptic method and DNA was extracted for the purpose of doing genetic analysis. In genetic analysis, exome sequencing was performed to find the pathogenic variants. Subsequently. Sanger sequencing was also done to see the segregation of pathogenic variants. Results: Genetic analysis found mutation in AP4B1 in Family 1, in WDR62 in Family 2, while Family 3 was unremarkable. Conclusion: The study involved genetic analysis of three consanguineous families and found mutation in AP4B1 in Family 1, in WDR62 in Family 2, while Family 3 was unremarkable. The present research will help in devising molecular diagnostic technics for pre-marital and pre-conception testing.
Genius, Power and Magic
Authors: Cavaliero Roderick
Published: June 2020

Before unification, Germany was a loose collection of variously sovereign principalities, nurtured on deep thought, fine music and hard rye bread. It was known across Europe for the plentiful supply of consorts to be found among its abundant royalty, but the language and culture was largely incomprehensible to those outside its lands. In the long eighteenth and nineteenth centuries- between the end of the Thirty Years War in 1648 and unification under Bismarck in 1871 - Germany became the land of philosophers, poets, writers and composers. This particularly German cultural movement was able to survive the avalanche of Napoleonic conquest and exploitation and its impact was gradually felt far beyond Germany’s borders. In this book, Roderick Cavaliero provides a fascinating overview of Germany’s cultural zenith in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. He considers the work of Germany’s own artistic exports - the literature of Goethe and Grimm, the music of Wagner, Schumann, Mendelssohn and Bach and the philosophy of Schiller and Kant - as well as the impact of Germany on foreign visitors from Coleridge to Thackeray and from Byron to Disraeli.

Providing a comprehensive and highly-readable account of Germany’s cultural life from Frederick the Great to Bismarck, ‘Genius, Power and Magic’ is fascinating reading for anyone interested in European history and cultural history.
The Secret World
Authors: Harrison Edward
Published: June 2020

During World War II, Britain enjoyed spectacular success in the secret war between hostile intelligence services, enabling a substantial and successful expansion of British counter-espionage which continued to grow in the Cold War era. Hugh Trevor-Roper's experiences working in the Secret Intelligence Service (MI6) during the war left a profound impression on him and he later observed the world of intelligence with particular discernment. To Trevor-Roper, who was always interested in the historical dimension of the present and was fully alive to the historical significance of the era in which he lived, the subjects of wartime intelligence and the complex espionage networks that developed in the Cold War period were as worthy of profound investigation and reflection as events from the more-distant past. Expressing his observations through some of his most ironic and entertaining correspondence, articles and reviews, Trevor-Roper wrote vividly about some of the greatest intelligence characters of the age - from Kim Philby and Michael Straight to the Germans Admiral Canaris and Otto John.

The coherence, depth and historical vision which unites these writings can only be glimpsed when they are brought together from the scattered publications in which they appeared, and when read beside his unpublished, private reflections. The Secret World unites Trevor-Roper's writings on the subject of intelligence - including the full text of The Philby Affair and some of his personal letters to leading figures. Based on original material and extensive supplementary research by E.D.R Harrison, this book is a sharp, revealing and personal first-hand account of the intelligence world in World War II and the Cold War.
Nameless Offences
Authors: Cocks H. G.
Published: June 2020

Homosexuality became increasingly visible in 19th-century English society and problems related to the "secret vice" and the "love that dare not speak its name" go to the root of Victorian social and cultural history. This book shows how the homosexual "closet" was created. It was not just by the operation of the law and increasing police enforcement but also by the efforts of successive governments, politicians and journalists, and others involved in public debate, to marginalize homosexuality in civil society. The problem of disclosure and the risk of inflaming class divisions in an age of growing homosexual awareness accompanied an appetite for sexual scandal and the danger of blackmail. Prevention of slander and the vilification involved in scandals among the ruling classes were potent reasons to marginalize homosexuality and create the "closet". The Victorian masculine "character" was at issue, as the homosexual scandals of the 1880s exposed the gulf between notions of private and public morality.
Collaboration in Design Education
Authors: Lane Marty Maxwell , Tegtmeyer Rebecca
Published: June 2020

The book is a comprehensive guide for students and practitioners who want to take a collaborative approach in their design practice. Authors Marty Maxwell Lane and Rebecca Tegtmeyer introduce a range of case study collaborations, both face-to-face and remote, and between individuals and groups. The book addresses the basics of getting started, planning ahead and reflecting on outcomes, alongside the issues that come up in collaborative work, e.g. cross-cultural exchange or managing roles within a diverse team. Editorial commentary runs throughout the chapter introductions and case studies, with informatics illustrating key concepts and expanded ‘call out’ points in the margin. More complex case studies offer a ‘deep dive’ section to explain and share further details of the featured projects.
The Tender Detail
Authors: Snyder Daniel E.
Published: June 2020

The Tender Detail tells a story about the repression of sentimentality through architectural ornament. The protagonists are Louis H. Sullivan and Frank Lloyd Wright, two of the most important architects and designers of ornament in American history.

Interweaving close readings of their architecture and writings with wide-ranging discussions about sexuality, gender, and philosophy, the book explores how both men worked to solve the problem of late nineteenth-century ornamentation. It suggests that their solutions, while widely different, were both intimately rooted in the tender emotions of sentimentality. Viewing ornament in this way reveals much, not only about Sullivan and Wright’s artistic intentions, but also about the role of affect, the value of beauty, and the agency and ontology of objects.

Illuminated by personal stories from their respective autobiographies, which add a level of human interest unusual in an academic work, The Tender Detail is a readable, scholarly study which sheds fresh light on Sullivan and Wright’s relationship, their work, and on the nature of ornament itself.
Behind the Scenes at the Ballets Russes
Authors: Meylac Michael
Published: June 2020

The Ballets Russes was perhaps the most iconic, yet at the same time mysterious, ballet company of the twentieth century. Inspired by the unique vision of their founder Sergei Diaghilev, the company gained a large international following. In the mid-twentieth century - during the tumultuous years of World War II and the Cold War - the Ballets Russes companies kept the spirit and traditions of Russian ballet alive in the West, touring extensively in America, Europe and Australia. This important new book uncovers previously-unseen interviews and provides insights into the lives of the great figures of the age - from the dancers Anna Pavlova and Alicia Markova to the choreographers Leonide Massine, George Balanchine and Anton Dolin. The dancers' own words reveal what life was really like for the stars of the Ballets Russes and provide fascinating new insights into one of the most vibrant and creative groups of artists of the modern age.
I'm Your Fan: The Songs of Leonard Cohen
Authors: Padgett Ray
Published: June 2020

When I'm Your Fan: The Songs of Leonard Cohen hit stores in 1991, Leonard Cohen's career had plummeted from its revered 1960s high. Cohen's record label had refused to release his 1984 album Various Positions--including the song "Hallelujah"--in the United States. Luckily, Velvet Underground founder John Cale was one of the few who did hear "Hallelujah," and he covered it for I'm Your Fan, a collection of Cohen’s songs produced by a French fanzine. Jeff Buckley adored the tribute album and covered Cale's cover in 1994, never having heard Cohen's still-obscure original version.

In 2016, Stereogum labeled the tribute album "possibly the most universally derided format in pop music." However, without a tribute album, you wouldn't know the song "Hallelujah." Through Buckley through Cale, "Hallelujah" is now one of the most often-performed songs in the world--and it wouldn't be without this tribute album. I'm Your Fan thus offers a particularly notable example of a much broader truth: Despite all the eye-rolling they inspire, tribute albums matter. They can resuscitate legends' fading careers, or expose obscure artists who never had much of a career to begin with.
De continuïteitsparagraaf bij zorginstellingen. Do we have to blame the player or the game…?
Authors: Bensellam-Bouhtala Malika , Schaepkens Frans
Published: June 2020

In een principle-based raamwerk zijn het niet de regels maar de principes die leidend zijn voor de toepassing van deze regels. Voor een correcte toepassing van een principle-based raamwerk dienen zowel het bestuur als de externe accountant als de toezichthouders hun verantwoordelijkheid te nemen. Dit met het doel een getrouw beeld te schetsen van de toestand waarin de organisatie verkeert. Hiermee wordt beoogd de gebruikers van deze verantwoording het juiste inzicht te verschaffen dat nodig is om tot goede economische beslissingen te komen. Uit het praktijkonderzoek blijkt dat zorginstellingen als er geen gerede twijfel is over continuïteit daar meestal summier en vrijwillig toelichting over verstrekken. Als leningconvenanten zijn doorbroken maar middels waivers de continuïteit niet direct in het geding is worden wel toelichtingen gegeven maar ook deze zijn erg summier. Gezien het maatschappelijk belang van zorginstellingen zijn de auteurs van mening dat in het kader van ‘versterkte dijkbewaking’ meer toelichting wenselijk is. Als sprake is van gerede twijfel over de continuïteit, slechts in enkele gevallen geconstateerd, dan zijn de verantwoordingen over continuïteit zeer summier te noemen. Met name ontbreken toelichtingen over risico’s die gepaard gaan met de realisatie van de plannen om de continuïteit te waarborgen. Om de kwaliteit van de verslaggeving te verbeteren is het, in beginsel, niet nodig om de regels aan te scherpen als bestuurders en accountants, evenals toezichthouders, zich bewust zijn van hun verantwoordelijkheid de gebruiker van de jaarrekening te informeren, ook als dit als onaangenaam wordt ervaren.
Low-level liquid cloud properties during ORACLES retrieved using airborne polarimetric measurements and a neural network algorithm
Authors: Miller Daniel J. , Segal-Rozenhaimer Michal , Knobelspiesse Kirk , Redemann Jens , Cairns Brian , Alexandrov Mikhail , van Diedenhoven Bastiaan , Wasilewski Andrzej
Published: June 2020

Abstract. In this study we developed a neural network (NN) that can be used to retrieve cloud microphysical
properties from multiangular and multispectral polarimetric remote sensing observations. This
effort builds upon our previous work, which explored the sensitivity of neural network input,
architecture, and other design requirements for this type of remote sensing problem. In particular
this work introduces a framework for appropriately weighting total and polarized reflectances,
which have vastly different magnitudes and measurement uncertainties. The NN is trained using an
artificial training set and applied to research scanning polarimeter (RSP) data obtained during
the ORACLES field campaign (ObseRvations of Aerosols above CLouds and their intEractionS). The
polarimetric RSP observations are unique in that they observe the same cloud from a very large
number of angles within a variety of spectral bands, resulting in a large dataset that can be
explored rapidly with a NN approach. The usefulness of applying a NN to a dataset such as this one
stems from the possibility of rapidly obtaining a retrieval that could be subsequently applied as
a first guess for slower but more rigorous physical-based retrieval algorithms. This approach
could be particularly advantageous for more complicated atmospheric retrievals – such as when an
aerosol layer lies above clouds like in ORACLES. For RSP observations obtained during ORACLES
2016, comparisons between the NN and standard parametric polarimetric (PP) cloud retrieval give
reasonable results for droplet effective radius (re: R=0.756,
RMSE=1.74 µm) and cloud optical thickness (τ: R=0.950,
RMSE=1.82). This level of statistical agreement is shown to be similar to comparisons
between the two most well-established cloud retrievals, namely, the polarimetric and the
bispectral total reflectance cloud retrievals. The NN retrievals from the ORACLES 2017 dataset
result in retrievals of re (R=0.54, RMSE=4.77 µm) and τ
(R=0.785, RMSE=5.61) that behave much more poorly. In particular we found that our NN
retrieval approach does not perform well for thin (τ<3), inhomogeneous, or broken clouds. We
also found that correction for above-cloud atmospheric absorption improved the NN retrievals
moderately – but retrievals without this correction still behaved similarly to existing cloud
retrievals with a slight systematic offset.
Assessment of the TROPOMI tropospheric NO2 product based on
airborne APEX observations
Authors: Tack Frederik , Merlaud Alexis , Iordache Marian-Daniel , Pinardi Gaia , Dimitropoulou Ermioni , Eskes Henk , Bomans Bart , Veefkind Pepijn , Van Roozendael Michel
Published: June 2020

Abstract. Sentinel-5 Precursor (S-5P), launched in October 2017, carrying the TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI) nadir-viewing spectrometer, is the first mission of the Copernicus Programme dedicated to the monitoring of air quality, climate, and ozone. In the presented study, the TROPOMI tropospheric nitrogen dioxide (NO2) L2 product (OFFL v1.03.01; 3.5 km × 7 km at nadir observations) has been validated over strongly polluted urban regions by comparison with coincident high-resolution Airborne Prism EXperiment (APEX) remote sensing observations (~75 m × 120 m). Satellite products can be optimally assessed based on (APEX) airborne remote sensing observations as a large amount of satellite pixels can be fully mapped at high accuracy and in a relatively short time interval, reducing the impact of spatio-temporal mismatches. In the framework of the S5PVAL-BE campaign, the APEX imaging spectrometer has been deployed during four mapping flights (26–29 June 2019) over the two largest urban regions in Belgium, i.e. Brussels and Antwerp, in order to map the horizontal distribution of tropospheric NO2. For each flight, 10 to 20 TROPOMI pixels were fully covered by approximately 2800 to 4000 APEX measurements within each TROPOMI pixel. The TROPOMI and APEX NO2 vertical column density (VCD) retrieval schemes are similar in concept. Overall for the ensemble of the four flights, the standard TROPOMI NO2 VCD product is well correlated (R = 0.92) but biased negatively by −1.2 ± 1.2 × 1015 molec cm−2 or −14 % ± 12 %, on average, with respect to coincident APEX NO2 retrievals. When replacing the coarse 1° × 1° TM5-MP a priori NO2 profiles by NO2 profile shapes from the CAMS regional CTM ensemble at 0.1° × 0.1°, the slope increases by 11 % to 0.93, and the bias is reduced to −0.1 ± 1.0 × 1015 molec cm−2 or −1.0 % ± 12 %. When the absolute value of the difference is taken, the bias is 1.3 × 1015 molec cm−2 or 16 %, and 0.7 × 1015 molec cm−2 or 9 % on average, when comparing APEX NO2 VCDs with TM5-MP-based and CAMS-based NO2 VCDs, respectively. Both sets of retrievals are well within the accuracy requirement of a maximum bias of 25–50 % for the TROPOMI tropospheric NO2 product for all individual compared pixels. Additionally, the APEX data set allows the study of TROPOMI subpixel variability and impact of signal smoothing due to its finite satellite pixel size, typically coarser than fine-scale gradients in the urban NO2 field. The amount of underestimation of peak plume values and overestimation of urban background values in the TROPOMI data is in the order of 1–2 × 1015 molec cm−2 on average, or 10 %–20 %, in case of an urban scene.
A comparison of estimates of global carbon dioxide emissions from fossil carbon sources
Authors: Andrew Robbie M.
Published: June 2020

Abstract. Since the first estimate of global CO2 emissions was
published in 1894, important progress has been made in the development of
estimation methods while the number of available datasets has grown. The
existence of parallel efforts should lead to improved accuracy and
understanding of emissions estimates, but there remains significant
deviation between estimates and relatively poor understanding of the reasons
for this. Here I describe the most important global emissions datasets
available today and – by way of global, large-emitter, and case examples – quantitatively compare their estimates, exploring the reasons for
differences. In many cases differences in emissions come down to differences
in system boundaries: which emissions sources are included and which are
omitted. With minimal work in harmonising these system boundaries across
datasets, the range of estimates of global emissions drops to 5 %, and
further work on harmonisation would likely result in an even lower range,
without changing the data. Some potential errors were found, and some
discrepancies remain unexplained, but it is shown to be inappropriate to
conclude that uncertainty in emissions is high simply because estimates
exhibit a wide range. While “true” emissions cannot be known, by comparing
different datasets methodically, differences that result from system
boundaries and allocation approaches can be highlighted and set aside to
enable identification of true differences, and potential errors. This must
be an important way forward in improving global datasets of CO2
emissions. Data used to generate Figs. 3–18 are available at
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3687042 (Andrew, 2020).
La Commedia Scientifica: Dante and the Scientific Virtues
Authors: Lacchia Anthea R. , Webster Stephen
Published: June 2020

Abstract. The ethical challenges facing contemporary science range from scientific misconduct, to the rightful treatment of people, animals and the environment. In this work, we explore the role of virtue ethics, which concern the character of a person, in contemporary science. Through interviews with thirteen scientists, eight of whom are geoscientists, we identify six virtues in science (honesty, humility, philia, innocence, generosity and reticence), paired with vices, and construct a narrative argument around them. Specifically, we employ the narrative structure of the late medieval poem Divine Comedy, by Dante Alighieri, and draw on its moral universe to explore the scientific virtues. Using this narrative device, we make the case for virtue ethics being a reliable guide for all matters scientific. As such, this work lays out a modern code of conduct for science.
On tuning of atmospheric inverse methods: Comparison on ETEX and Chernobyl datasets using FLEXPART v8.1 and v10.3
Authors: Tichý Ondřej , Ulrych Lukáš , Šmídl Václav , Evangeliou Nikolaos , Stohl Andreas
Published: June 2020

Abstract. Estimation of the temporal profile of an atmospheric release, also called the source term, is an important problem in environmental sciences. The problem can be formalized as a linear inverse problem where the unknown source term is optimized to minimize the difference between the measurements and the corresponding model predictions. The problem is typically ill-posed due to low sensor coverage of a release and due to uncertainties e.g. in measurements or atmospheric transport modeling, hence, all state-of-the-art methods are based on some form of regularization of the problem using additional information. We consider two kinds of additional information, the prior source term, also known as the first guess, and regularization parameters for shape of the source term. While the first guess is based on information independent of the measurements, such as physics of the potential release or previous estimations, the regularization parameters are often selected by the designers of the optimization procedure. In this paper, we provide a sensitivity study of two inverse methodologies on the choice of the prior source term as well as regularization parameters of the methods. The sensitivity is studied in two cases: data from the European Tracer Experiment (ETEX) using FLEXPART v8.1 and the caesium-134 and caesium-137 dataset from the Chernobyl accident using FLEXPART v10.3.
Comparing Bayesian and traditional end-member mixing approaches for hydrograph separation in a glacierized basin
Authors: He Zhihua , Unger-Shayesteh Katy , Vorogushyn Sergiy , Weise Stephan M. , Duethmann Doris , Kalashnikova Olga , Gafurov Abror , Merz Bruno
Published: June 2020

Abstract. Tracer data have been successfully used for hydrograph separation in glacierized basins. However, in these basins uncertainties of the hydrograph separation are
large and are caused by the spatiotemporal variability in the tracer signatures of water sources, the uncertainty of water sampling, and
the mixing model uncertainty. In this study, we used electrical conductivity (EC) measurements and two isotope signatures (δ18O and
δ2H) to label the runoff components, including groundwater, snow and glacier meltwater, and rainfall, in a Central Asian glacierized
basin. The contributions of runoff components (CRCs) to the total runoff and the corresponding uncertainty were quantified by two mixing
approaches, namely a traditional end-member mixing approach (abbreviated as EMMA) and a Bayesian end-member mixing approach. The performance of the two
mixing approaches was compared in three seasons that are distinguished as the cold season, snowmelt season, and glacier melt season. The results show the following points. (1) The
Bayesian approach generally estimated smaller uncertainty ranges for the CRC when compared to the EMMA. (2) The Bayesian approach tended to be less
sensitive to the sampling uncertainties of meltwater than the EMMA. (3) Ignoring the model uncertainty caused by the isotope fractionation
likely led to an overestimated rainfall contribution and an underestimated meltwater share in the melt seasons. Our study provides the first
comparison of the two end-member mixing approaches for hydrograph separation in glacierized basins and gives insight into the application of
tracer-based mixing approaches in similar basins.
Simulations of future changes in thermal structure of Lake Erken: proof of concept for ISIMIP2b lake sector local simulation strategy
Authors: Ayala Ana I. , Moras Simone , Pierson Donald C.
Published: June 2020

Abstract. This paper, as a part of the Inter-Sectoral Impact Model
Intercomparison Project (ISIMIP2b), assesses the impacts of different levels
of global warming on the thermal structure of Lake Erken (Sweden). The General Ocean Turbulence Model (GOTM)
one-dimensional hydrodynamic model was used to simulate water temperature
when using ISIMIP2b bias-corrected climate model projections as input. These
projections have a daily time step, while lake model simulations are often
forced at hourly or shorter time steps. Therefore, it was necessary to first
test the ability of GOTM to simulate Lake Erken water temperature using
daily vs hourly meteorological forcing data. In order to do this, three data
sets were used to force the model as follows: (1) hourly measured data, (2) daily average
data derived from the first data set, and (3) synthetic hourly data created
from the daily data set using generalised regression artificial neural
network methods. This last data set is developed using a method that could
also be applied to the daily time step ISIMIP scenarios to obtain hourly
model input if needed. The lake model was shown to accurately simulate Lake
Erken water temperature when forced with either daily or synthetic hourly
data. Long-term simulations forced with daily or synthetic hourly
meteorological data suggest that by the late 21st century the lake will
undergo clear changes in thermal structure. For the representative concentration pathway (RCP) scenario, namely RCP2.6, surface water
temperature was projected to increase by 1.79 and 1.36 ∘C when the lake model was forced at daily and hourly resolutions
respectively, and for RCP6.0 these increases were projected to be 3.08 and 2.31 ∘C. Changes in lake stability were
projected to increase, and the stratification duration was projected to be
longer by 13 and 11 d under RCP2.6 scenario and 22 and 18 d
under RCP6.0 scenario for daily and hourly resolutions. Model changes in
thermal indices were very similar when using either the daily or synthetic
hourly forcing, suggesting that the original ISIMIP climate model
projections at a daily time step can be sufficient for the purpose of
simulating lake water temperature.
Sensing earth and environment dynamics by telecommunication
fiber-optic sensors: An urban experiment in Pennsylvania USA
Authors: Zhu Tieyuan , Shen Junzhu , Martin Eileen R.
Published: June 2020

Abstract. Continuous seismic monitoring of the Earth's near surface (top 100 meters), especially with improving the resolution and extent of data both in space and time, would yield more accurate insights about the effect of extreme weather events (e.g. flooding or drought) and climate change on the Earth's surface and subsurface systems. However, continuous long-term seismic monitoring, especially in urban areas, remains challenging. We describe the Fiber-Optic foR Environmental SEnsEing (FORESEE) project in Pennsylvania, United States, the first continuous monitoring distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) fiber array in the Eastern US. This array is made up of nearly 5 km of pre-existing dark telecommunications fiber underneath the Pennsylvania State University Campus. A major thrust of this experiment is the study of urban geohazard and hydrological systems through near-surface seismic monitoring. Here we detail the FORESEE experiment deployment, instrument calibration, and describe multiple observations of seismic sources in the first year. We calibrate the array by comparison to earthquake data from a nearby seismometer and to active-source geophone data. We observed a wide variety of seismic signatures in our DAS recordings: natural events (earthquakes and thunderstorms) and anthropogenic events (mining blasts, vehicles, music concerts, and walking steps). Preliminary analysis of these signals suggest DAS has the capability to sense broadband vibrations and discriminate between seismic signatures of different quakes and anthropogenic sources. With the success of collecting one-year of continuous DAS recordings, we conclude that DAS along with telecommunication fiber will potentially serve the purpose of continuous near-surface seismic monitoring in populated areas.
Pressure Based Lift Estimation and its Application to Feedforward
Load Control employing Trailing Edge Flaps
Authors: Bartholomay Sirko , Wester Tom T. B. , Perez-Becker Sebastian , Konze Simon , Menzel Christian , Hölling Michael , Spickenheuer Axel , Peinke Joachim , Nayeri Christian N. , Paschereit Oliver P. , Oberleithner Kilian
Published: June 2020

Abstract. This experimental load control study presents results of an active trailing edge flap feedforward controller for wind turbine applications. The controller input is derived from pressure based lift estimation methods that rely either on a quasi-steady method, based on a three-hole probe, or on an unsteady method that is based on three selected surface pressure ports. Furthermore, a standard feedback controller, based on force balance measurements, is compared to the feedforward control. A Clark-Y airfoil is employed for the wing that is equipped with a trailing edge flap of x/c = 30 % chordwise extension. Inflow disturbances are created by a two-dimensional active grid. The Reynolds number is Re = 290,000 and reduced frequencies of k = 0.07 up to k = 0.32 are analyzed. Within the first part of the paper, the lift estimation methods are compared. The surface pressure based method shows generally more accurate results whereas the three-hole probe estimate overpredicts the lift amplitudes with increasing frequencies. Nonetheless, employing the latter as input to the feedforward controller is more promising as a beneficial phase lead is introduced by this method. A successful load alleviation was achieved up to reduced frequencies of k = 0.192.
Cartographing dynamic stall with machine learning
Authors: Lennie Matthew , Steenbuck Johannes , Noack Bernd R. , Paschereit Christian Oliver
Published: June 2020

Abstract. Once stall has set in, lift collapses, drag increases and then both of these forces will fluctuate strongly. The result is higher fatigue loads and lower energy yield. In dynamic stall, separation first develops from the trailing edge up the leading edge. Eventually the shear layer rolls up, and then a coherent vortex forms and then sheds downstream with its low-pressure core causing a lift overshoot and moment drop. When 50+ experimental cycles of lift or pressure values are averaged, this process appears clear and coherent in flow visualizations. Unfortunately, stall is not one clean process but a broad collection of processes.
This means that the analysis of separated flows should be able to detect outliers and analyze cycle-to-cycle variations. Modern data science and machine learning can be used to treat separated flows. In this study, a clustering method based on dynamic time warping is used to find different shedding behaviors. This method captures the fact that secondary and tertiary vorticity vary strongly, and in static stall with surging flow the flow can occasionally reattach. A convolutional neural network was used to extract dynamic stall vorticity convection speeds and phases from pressure data. Finally, bootstrapping was used to provide best practices regarding the number of experimental repetitions required to ensure experimental convergence.
Efficacy and Safety of Naftopidil in Patients With Neurogenic Lower Urinary Tract Dysfunction: An 8-Week, Active-Controlled, Stratified-Randomized, Double-Blind, Double-Dummy, Parallel Group, Noninferiority, Multicenter Design
Authors: Sung Hyun Hwan , Choo Myung-Soo , Kim Joon Chul , Kim Jang Hwan , Lee Kyu-Sung
Published: June 2020

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of naftopidil compared with tamsulosin in patients with neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction (LUTD).Methods: This study was conducted as an 8-week, active-controlled, stratified-randomized, double-blind, double-dummy, parallel group, noninferiority, and multicenter clinical trial. After 2 weeks of screening, eligible subjects were randomly assigned to receive naftopidil (25 mg for 1 week followed by 75 mg for 7 weeks) or tamsulosin (0.2 mg for 8 weeks). Primary endpoint was a change of International Prostatic Symptom Score (IPSS) total score after 8 weeks of treatment.Results: One hundred ninety-four subjects with neurogenic LUTD were included into this trial. There were no differences between the 2 groups in baseline characteristics, including urodynamic study results, subtype of LUTD, pretreatment and concomitant medication, and causes of neurogenic bladder. The medication compliance rate was 94.0% (naftopidil, 93.6%; tamsulosin, 94.4%). There was a statistically significant decrease of IPSS total score at 8 weeks versus baseline in both the naftopidil (-5.64±0.66) and tamsulosin (-6.53±0.65) groups (P<0.0001 each). The mean difference between both groups was 0.89 (upper limit of 95% confidential interval, 2.72), which was lower than the noninferiority limit of 3 points. A subgroup analysis of neurologic lesions and sex found no mean difference of IPSS total score in each group. There was also no difference in safety profiles, including treatment emergent adverse events.Conclusions: Naftopidil was not inferior to tamsulosin as a therapeutic drug for patients with neurogenic LUTD and had a similar safety profile.
Facilitator effects in middles and more
Authors: Newman Elise
Published: June 2020

In this paper, I will argue that obligatory adjuncts in many languages’ middle constructions are a byproduct of an independent constraint on movement, called Anti-locality (Abels 2003; Grohmann 2003; Bošković 2007; Schneider-Zioga 2007; Erlewine 2016; Brillman & Hirsch to appear). Anti-locality rules out movement that is too local; in other words, movement cannot produce a structure that is too similar to the pre-movement configuration. Though Anti-locality has typically been proposed for Ā-movement, one of its signatures is the presence of obligatory adjuncts (Erlewine 2016; Brillman & Hirsch to appear), which are also found in many languages’ middle constructions. I argue that the profile of obligatory adjuncts in middles is best understood if we extend Anti-locality to A-movement (Deal 2019), thus providing support for the unity of A- and Ā-movement. The proposal will include a tightly restricted set of assumptions about the structure and derivation of a middle, which combined with a formalized Anti-locality constraint, predicts the obligatory adjunct effects we find in different languages’ middle constructions. In particular, middles will be argued to lack a VoiceP and have a two step derivation, in which the object moves through Spec vP en route to subject position. Each movement step will be subject to Anti-locality, which can be ameliorated by adjuncts, reflexives, or lexical structure in the predicates that can form middles.
Centroamérica y el cambio climático: De la planificación a la acción
Authors: Lazo Vega Miguel Antonio
Published: June 2020

El principal objetivo de este artículo ha sido evaluar importantes hallazgos relacionados al cambio climático en la región centroamericana y en América Latina y el Caribe; para ello, se hace un análisis de estudios previos llevados a cabo por organismos regionales e internacionales implicados en la lucha contra el cambio climático y que se complementan con el punto de vista en relación al tema del autor. Haciendo uso de este análisis el artículo presenta los siguientes elementos: 1) Una visión del nuevo mundo que se tiene por los efectos relacionados al cambio climático; 2) Una serie de impactos en la región centroamericana provocados por el cambio climático en los últimos años; 3) El crecimiento económico de la región y su relación con el cambio climático, 4) Un breve detalle de las acciones y estrategias llevadas a cabo a nivel mundial y regional en relación al cambio climático, y 5) Finalmente, se plantean algunas conclusiones y recomendaciones que permitirá la consolidación de conocimientos de ésta investigación.
INCOMPREENSÃO E SOBERBA EM MAFALDA: A COMBINAÇÃO ENTRE LINGUAGEM VERBAL E NÃO VERBAL
Authors: Torres Diego Domingues , Silva Leandro Fernandes da , Veiga Paulo Eduardo De Barros
Published: June 2020

O estudo da linguagem sincrética que compõe a literatura sequencial torna-se relevante à compreensão do fenômeno poético-literário, em diálogo com a temática sociopolítica das tirinhas do quadrinista Quino, autor de Mafalda. O artigo propõe estabelecer a significação do texto, a partir da observação de homologias entre conteúdo e expressão, em vista da percepção de que o texto sincrético de Quino é, antes de predominantemente referencial, necessariamente poético. Em suma, analisa-se uma tirinha sem perder de vista o dado poético, considerando a sua estrutura como gênero textual e a sua dimensão política.
OH! E AGORA? QUEM PODERÁ NOS DEFENDER? LUKE CAGE, O HERÓI DE ALUGUEL
Authors: Sampaio Sonia Maria Gomes , Nogueira Mara Genecy Centeno
Published: June 2020

O presente artigo tem por objetivo investigar e/ou interrogar, à luz das teorias do Pós-colonialismo, o protagonista negro das histórias em quadrinhos (HQs) da Marvel, dos anos de 1970 ou mais precisamente, Luke Cage – o herói de aluguel ou o herói às avessas. Partindo-se do pressuposto que os personagens negros da história em quadrinho eram quase sempre colonizados, estereotipados e/ou apresentados na condição de coadjuvante e subalternos, pretendeu-se por meio da análise do herói de aluguel, em sua trajetória, identificar os traços que o distingue dos demais personagens negros como resistência e luta pelo enaltecimento da cultura negra. Para desenvolver tal investigação a pesquisa dialogou com Frantz Fanon (2008; 1968), Albert Memmi (1977), Kabengele Munanga (1988), Gayatri Spivak (2010) Chimamanda Adichie (2009).