bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Partisan differences in the effects of economic evidence and local data on legislator engagement with dissemination materials about behavioral health: a dissemination trial
Authors: Purtle Jonathan , Nelson Katherine L. , Gebrekristos Luwam , Lê-Scherban Félice , Gollust Sarah E.
Published: June 2022

Background

State legislators make policy decisions that influence children’s exposure to adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), such as child maltreatment, and their effects on behavioral health. Effective dissemination of scientific research can increase the likelihood that legislators’ decisions are aligned with evidence to prevent ACEs and their consequences, and effective dissemination requires legislators to engage with dissemination materials. Informed by the elaboration likelihood model of persuasive communication and Brownson’s Model of Dissemination Research, we tested the hypothesis that inclusion of economic evidence and local data would increase legislator engagement with dissemination materials about evidence-supported policies related to ACEs and behavioral health.

Methods

A three-arm randomized dissemination trial was conducted. A university researcher e-mailed dissemination materials which contained evidence about ACEs and behavioral health problems to state legislators (two e-mails sent 2 weeks apart, 12,662 e-mails delivered to 6509 legislators). The e-mail subject lines, text, and policy brief content were manipulated across the study arms. The intervention condition received state-tailored data about rates of ACEs and state-tailored economic evidence about the costs of ACEs for public systems, the enhanced control condition received state-tailored data and not economic evidence, and the control condition received national data and not economic evidence. Outcomes were rates of e-mail views, policy brief link clicks, requests for researcher consultation, and mentions of child maltreatment terms in legislators’ social media posts.

Results

For the first e-mail, the e-mail view rate was 42.6% higher in the intervention than in the enhanced control condition (22.8% vs. 14.8%) and 20.8% higher than in the control condition (22.8% vs. 18.5%) (both p < .0001). Similar results were observed for the second e-mail. These differences remained significant after adjustment for demographic differences across study conditions in individual-level models, but not multilevel models. There was a significant interaction between the experimental condition and political party (p < .0001) in which the intervention increased e-mail view rates among Democrats but not Republicans. The intervention had no effect on policy brief link clicks or requests for consultation and a mixed effect on social media posts.

Conclusions

Inclusion of state-tailored economic evidence in dissemination materials can increase engagement with research evidence among Democrat, but not Republican, legislators. Dissemination strategies tailored for legislators’ political party affiliation may be needed.
Effects of fibular strut augmentation for the open reduction and internal fixation of proximal humeral fractures: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Nie Wei , Wang Zhaojun , Gu Fei , Xu Shizhuang , Yue Yang , Shao Anze , Sun Kefu
Published: June 2022

Background

There is still a lack of remarkable consensus regarding the clinical efficacy of the application of fibular strut augmentation (FSA) combined with a locking plate for proximal humeral fractures. A systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the effect of the use of FSAs in open reduction and internal fixation of proximal humeral fractures was conducted.

Methods

A literature search was conducted in PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, Web of Science Core Collection, and ClinicalTrials.gov to identify trials that compared the clinical outcomes of proximal humeral fractures treated using a locking plate with or without FSA. The primary outcome measures were postoperative complications, radiographical findings, functional recovery scores, and postoperative range of motion (ROM). Data were pooled and analysed using a random-effects model based on the Der Simonian and Laird method.

Results

Eight studies involving 596 participants were included for further analysis. Compared with using a locking plate independently, the additional application of FSA was associated with the likelihood of lower risk of overall complications (OR 0.37; 95% CI 0.22–0.65; I2 = 12.22%; 95% PI 0.14–0.98) and the rate of patients with orthopaedic complications (OR 0.48; 95% CI 0.25–0.92; I2 = 7.52%; 95% PI 0.16–1.45), less changes in postoperative humeral head height (MD − 2.40; 95% CI − 2.49 to − 2.31; I2 = 0.00%; 95% PI − 2.61 to − 2.20) and the neck–shaft angle (MD − 6.30; 95% CI − 7.23 to − 5.36; I2 = 79.32%; 95% PI − 10.06 to − 2.53), superior functional outcomes (Constant–Murley score: MD 5.07; 95% CI 3.40 to 6.74; I2 = 0.00%; 95% PI 2.361–7.78; American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons Score: MD 5.08; 95% CI 3.67 to 6.49; I2 = 0.00%; 95% PI 1.98–8.18), and better postoperative ROM in terms of forward elevation and external rotation. However, the evidence regarding postoperative abduction was insufficient.

Conclusion

Meta-analytic pooling of current evidence showed a significant association between the application of FSAs and favourable clinical outcomes in terms of postoperative complications, radiographical findings, functional recovery, and postoperative elevation and external rotation.
Aseptic nonunion of the tibia treated by plating and bone grafting: retrospective study about 40 cases
Authors: Chmali Khalid , ElIdrissi Mohammed , Abid Hatim , ElIbrahimi Abdelhalim , Berraho Mohamed , ELMrini Abdelmajid
Published: June 2022

Objective

The objective of this study was to evaluate the clinical and radiological results of the treatment of aseptic nonunion of the tibia by plating and bone grafting.

Material and Methods

This retrospective study included 40 patients with aseptic nonunion of the tibia, treated in the Trauma-Orthopedic department B4 of CHU Hassan II in Fez-Morocco. The average age was 41 years (range 25–60 years). The initial fractures were in the middle third of the tibia for the majority of our patients. We used the ASAMI criteria to assess the results.

Results

We found 45 patients with aseptic nonunion of the tibia who were treated by the same surgical team and followed in postoperative consultation for a fixed period of 10 months. Three patients lost to follow-up and two patients refused the treatment. In 37 patients (92.5%), union was obtained after a mean delay of 4.3 months (range 3–7 months). The average time from initial treatment to treatment for nonunion was eight months (range 6–10 months). According to the ASAMI classification, bone results were excellent in 26, good in 8, fair in 3 and poor in 3; functional results were excellent in 10, good in 16, fair in 11 and poor in 3.

Conclusions

Our study suggests that the combination of screwed plate and autograft in the treatment of aseptic nonunion of the tibia has provided satisfactory results. A well-codified management of the initial fracture remains the gold key to prevent the occurrence of pseudarthrosis.
Perioperative blood loss during joint replacement: comparison between patients with and without hemophilia
Authors: Yuan Shanyou , Song Lixia , Jiang Haoli , Wang Jinghua , Ning Xianjia , Jiang Wenxue
Published: June 2022

Background

Although arthroplasty provides satisfactory pain relief, functional improvement, and reduced flexion contracture in patients with hemophilia arthropathy, bleeding remains the primary problem associated with hemophilic arthropathy joint replacement. We aimed to explore the differences in perioperative blood loss (PBL) associated with joint replacement surgery in patients with and without hemophilia.

Methods

This study retrospectively analyzed 61 cases of PBL in patients undergoing joint replacement surgery, including 37 patients with hemophilia and 24 patients without hemophilia. All patients demonstrated severe joint flexion contractures that seriously affected their daily lives and required surgical intervention. PBL was compared between the two groups.

Results

In univariate analysis, the overall (p < 0.001) and hidden (p < 0.001) blood losses were significantly higher for patients with hemophilia than those for patients without hemophilia. However, after adjustment for multiple factors, there was no significant difference in overall blood loss between the two groups (p = 0.731). In addition, sex, age group, and surgical site did not affect blood loss in patients with hemophilia.

Conclusion

Overt bleeding did not increase significantly in patients with hemophilia, compared with that in patients without hemophilia. In terms of blood loss, joint replacement surgery for patients with hemophilia is relatively safe. The results of this study must be verified by a prospective follow-up study with larger sample size.

Trial registration Retrospectively registered.
The efficacy and safety of combined chinese herbal medicine and western medicine therapy for COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Li Lu , Xie Hongliang , Wang Ling , Zhang Aolin , Mou Xuan , Lin Yifan , Ma Hongli , Wang Yu , Li Jian , Gao Jingshu , Wang Chi Chiu , Leung Ping Chung , Fan Xiaohui , Wu Xiaoke
Published: June 2022

Objective

To systematically review the clinical efficacy and safety of Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) with and without Western medicine (WM) for different severity of COVID-19.

Methods

CNKI, PubMed, Wanfang Database, ClinicalTrails.gov, Embase, ChiCTR and ICTRP were searched from 01 Jan, 2020 to 30 Jun, 2021. Two authors independently assessed all the randomized clinical trials (RCTs) for trial inclusion, data extraction and quality assessment. Meta-analysis was conducted using Review Manager software (RevMan 5.4.1). Evidence was assessed using Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE). Primary outcomes included total effectiveness rate. Secondary outcomes included improvements in symptom improvement and total adverse event rate. Different severity of COVID-19 patients was assessed in subgroup analysis. This study was registered with INPLASY, INPLASY202210072.

Results

22 high quality RCTs involving 1789 participants were included. There were no trial used CHM alone nor compare placebo or no treatment. Compared with WM, combined CHM and WM (CHM-WM) treatment showed higher total effectiveness rate, lower symptom scores of fever, cough, fatigue, dry throat and pharyngalgia, shorter mean time to viral conversion, better Computerized Tomography (CT) image and blood results, fewer total adverse events and worse conditions (P < 0.05). Subgroup analysis showed that the total effectiveness rate of combined CHM-WM group was significantly higher than WM group, especially for mild and moderate patients. No significant differences in mortality and adverse events were found between combined CHM-WM and WM treatment. No serious adverse events and long-term outcomes were reported.

Conclusion

Current evidence supported the therapeutic effects and safety of combined CHM-WM treatment on COVID-19, especially for patients with mild and moderate symptoms. Long-term effects of therapy are worthy in further study.
Evaluating the mechanisms and long-term effects of a web-based comprehensive sexual health and media literacy education program for young adults attending community college: study protocol for a three-arm randomized controlled trial
Authors: Scull Tracy M. , Dodson Christina V. , Evans-Paulson Reina , Reeder Liz C. , Geller Jacob , Stump Kathryn N. , Kupersmidt Janis B.
Published: June 2022

Background

Many community college students experience poor sexual and relationship health outcomes. Young adults consume a plethora of media content, much of which depicts unhealthy sexual and romantic relationships, and research has shown that media exposure can negatively impact health outcomes. Asynchronous, web-based media literacy education (MLE) programs have been shown to improve short-term sexual and relationship health outcomes. However, there is a dearth of research on the mechanisms by which MLE programs impact health outcomes and the long-term effects of MLE programs on sexual and relationship health outcomes among community college students.

Methods

This study will (1) evaluate the unique effects of MLE on primary and secondary sexual and relationship health outcomes; (2) compare the mechanisms underlying the effects of an asynchronous, web-based MLE sexual health program (Media Aware) to the mechanisms underlying the effects of an active control program on health outcomes; and (3) evaluate the long-term efficacy ofMedia Awareon media literacy skills and sexual and relationship health outcomes compared to active control and delayed intervention control groups. To address these aims, a three-arm randomized controlled trial with young adults attending community college will be conducted. It is expected that around 30 campuses will participate and approximately 67 students from each campus will be enrolled in the study (estimatedn= 2010). Campuses will be randomized to either the (1) intervention group (Media Aware); (2) active control group (sexual health education fromMedia Awarewithout MLE content or methods); or (3) delayed intervention control group. Students will complete online questionnaires at pretest, posttest, 6-month, and 12-month follow-ups.

Discussion

This project has the potential to advance theory about the potential mechanisms through which MLE has an impact on sexual and relationship health outcomes by directly testing the impact of interventions using a randomized design. Additionally, this study is expected to establish strong evidence for the effectiveness ofMedia Awarefor use with young adults and to help identify strategies to optimize the longer-term impact of the program on health. Students’ satisfaction with programming will be discussed to inform future implementation efforts.
Mobile app and digital system for patients after myocardial infarction (afterAMI): study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Krzowski Bartosz , Peller Michał , Boszko Maria , Hoffman Paulina , Żurawska Natalia , Jaruga Karolina , Skoczylas Kamila , Osak Gabriela , Kołtowski Łukasz , Grabowski Marcin , Opolski Grzegorz , Balsam Paweł
Published: June 2022

Background

Treatment of acute myocardial infarction has been the subject of studies over the past years. However, the initial months after myocardial infarction are crucial from the perspective of the patient’s prognosis. It is extremely important to take care of all cardiovascular risk factors and undergo a full rehabilitation program. Telemedical solutions are becoming more and more relevant in everyday practice. We describe a protocol of a study evaluating the use of the mobile application “afterAMI” in patients after myocardial infarction. The app offers an educational mode, calendar, vital signs diary, medication reminders, medical history card, and healthcare professional contact panel. It offers several solutions, which individually proved to be effective and improve a patient’s prognosis. Despite general promising results from previous studies regarding telemedical tools, there is a paucity of evidence when it comes to prospective randomized trials. Our aim was to perform a comprehensive evaluation of a newly developed mobile application in the clinical setting.

Methods

A group of 100 patients with myocardial infarction on admission at the 1st Chair and Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, will be recruited into the study. The project aims to assess the impact of the application-supported model of care in comparison with standard rehabilitation. At the end of the study, cardiovascular risk factors will be analyzed, along with rehospitalizations, the patients’ knowledge regarding cardiovascular risk factors, returning to work, and quality of life. In this prospective, open-label, randomized, single-center study, all 100 patients will be observed for 6 months after discharge from the hospital. Endpoints will be assessed during control visits 1 and 6 months after inclusion into the study.

Discussion

This project is an example of a telemedical solution application embracing everyday clinical practices, conforming with multiple international cardiac societies’ guidelines. Cardiac rehabilitation process enhancements are required to improve patients’ prognosis. The evidence regarding the use of the mobile application in the described group of patients is limited and usually covers a small number of participants. The described study aims to discuss whether telemedicine use in this context is beneficial for the patients.

Trial registration

ClinicalTrials.govNCT04793425. Registered on 11 March 2021.
A pilot study on the effect of d-allulose on postprandial glucose levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus during Ramadan fasting
Authors: Japar Salimah , Fukunaga Kensaku , Kobayashi Toshihiro , Imachi Hitomi , Sato Seisuke , Saheki Takanobu , Ibata Tomohiro , Yoshimura Takafumi , Soh Kim Lam , Ong Swee Leong , Muhamed Zamri , Murao Koji
Published: June 2022

Background

During Ramadan fasting, postprandial hyperglycemia is commonly observed after iftar (break of fast at sunset) meal. d-allulose is a rare sugar and is reported to have several health benefits, including the suppression of increase in postprandial glucose levels. This study investigates whether d-allulose (a C-3 epimer of d-fructose) improves the postprandial glucose in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) during Ramadan.

Methods

This was a pilot, prospective single-arm study design that was conducted for 10 consecutive days; 5 days of control and 5 days of consumption. The primary outcome was postprandial peak glucose levels. During the consumption period, 8.5 g of d-allulose was consumed by the participants before iftar meal. Postprandial glucose was measured using a continuous glucose monitoring system.

Results

A total of 12 participants completed the study. Significant lower (p < 0.01) postprandial glucose values and the glucose incremental area under the curve (iAUC) were observed from 0 to 180 min during the consumption period compared to the control period. The consumption period demonstrated significantly higher percentages of time in which glucose values were found in the target range (p = 0.0032), and when the glucose levels above the target range were reduced (p = 0.0015).

Conclusions

The supplementation with d-allulose has the potential to improve postprandial hyperglycemia in patients with T2DM after iftar during Ramadan. Further studies are needed to confirm these findings.

Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05071950. Retrospectively registered, 8 October 2021.
Add-on exercise interventions for smoking cessation in people with mental illness: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Schöttl Stefanie E. , Niedermeier Martin , Kopp-Wilfling Prisca , Frühauf Anika , Bichler Carina S. , Edlinger Monika , Holzner Bernhard , Kopp Martin
Published: June 2022

Background

Smoking is the most common substance use disorder among people with mental illness. In contrast to people without mental illness, among whom the proportion of smokers has declined in recent decades, the proportion of smokers among people with mental illness remains high. There is a growing body of literature suggesting the use of exercise interventions in combination with smoking cessation in people without mental illness, but to our knowledge the available studies on this treatment option in people with mental illness have not been systematically reviewed. Therefore, this systematic review and meta-analysis aims to assess the effectiveness of exercise interventions as an adjunctive treatment for smoking cessation in people with mental illness.

Methods

Electronic databases (PubMed, Web of Science, PsycInfo, Sport Discus and Base) were searched for randomised controlled trials and prospective single-group studies that investigated exercise interventions in combination with smoking cessation programmes alone or in comparison with a control group in people with mental illness. A meta-analysis using the Mantel–Haenszel fixed-effect model was conducted to estimate the overall effect of treatment on smoking cessation (abstinence rate at the end of the intervention and at 6-month follow-up).

Results

Six studies, five randomised controlled trials and one study with a prospective single-group design, were included in the systematic review and four randomised controlled trials were included in the meta-analysis. The meta-analysis found a significantly higher abstinence rate after additional exercise at the end of the intervention [risk ratio (RR) 1.48, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.13–1.94], but not at the 6-month follow-up (RR 1.34, 95% CI 0.89–2.04).

Conclusions

Exercise appears to be an effective adjunctive therapy to temporarily increase abstinence rates in individuals with mental illness at the end of the intervention. However, due to the small number of included studies and some risk of bias in the included studies, the results should be treated with caution. Therefore, future studies with larger samples are needed to provide a more accurate estimate of the effect in people with mental illness.

Registration The systematic review and meta-analysis were registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) (registration number: CRD42020178630).
Comparison of CD146 +/− mesenchymal stem cells in improving premature ovarian failure
Authors: Zhang Lin , Sun Yang , Zhang Xiao-Xu , Liu Yu-Bin , Sun Hui-Yan , Wu Chu-Tse , Xiao Feng-Jun , Wang Li-Sheng
Published: June 2022

Background

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are a heterogeneous group of subpopulations with differentially expressed surface markers. CD146 + MSCs correlate with high therapeutic and secretory potency. However, their therapeutic efficacy and mechanisms in premature ovarian failure (POF) have not been explored.

Methods

The umbilical cord (UC)-derived CD146 +/− MSCs were sorted using magnetic beads. The proliferation of MSCs was assayed by dye670 staining and flow cytometry. A mouse POF model was established by injection of cyclophosphamide and busulfan, followed by treatment with CD146 +/− MSCs. The therapeutic effect of CD146 +/− MSCs was evaluated based on body weight, hormone levels, follicle count and reproductive ability. Differential gene expression was identified by mRNA sequencing and validated by RT-PCR. The lymphocyte percentage was detected by flow cytometry.

Results

CD146 +/− MSCs had similar morphology and surface marker expression. However, CD146 + MSCs exhibited a significantly stronger proliferation ability. Gene profiles revealed that CD146 + MSCs had a lower levels of immunoregulatory factor expression. CD146 + MSCs exhibited a stronger ability to inhibit T cell proliferation. CD146 +/− MSCs treatment markedly restored FSH and E2 hormone secretion level, reduced follicular atresia, and increased sinus follicle numbers in a mouse POF model. The recovery function of CD146 + MSCs in a reproductive assay was slightly improved than that of CD146 - MSCs. Ovary mRNA sequencing data indicated that UC-MSCs therapy improved ovarian endocrine locally, which was through PPAR and cholesterol metabolism pathways. The percentages of CD3, CD4, and CD8 lymphocytes were significantly reduced in the POF group compared to the control group. CD146 + MSCs treatment significantly reversed the changes in lymphocyte percentages. Meanwhile, CD146 - MSCs could not improve the decrease in CD4/8 ratio induced by chemotherapy.

Conclusion

UC-MSCs therapy improved premature ovarian failure significantly. CD146 +/− MSCs both had similar therapeutic effects in repairing reproductive ability. CD146 + MSCs had advantages in modulating immunology and cell proliferation characteristics.
A potential fate decision landscape of the TWEAK/Fn14 axis on stem and progenitor cells: a systematic review
Authors: Wang Sijia , Li Liang , Cook Christopher , Zhang Yufei , Xia Yumin , Liu Yale
Published: June 2022

Stem and progenitor cells (SPCs) possess self-remodeling ability and differentiation potential and are responsible for the regeneration and development of organs and tissue systems. However, the precise mechanisms underlying the regulation of SPC biology remain unclear. Tumor necrosis factor-like weak inducer of apoptosis (TWEAK) acts on miscellaneous cells via binding to fibroblast growth factor-inducible 14 (Fn14) and exerts pleiotropic functions in the regulation of divergent stem cell fates. TWEAK/Fn14 signaling can regulate the proliferation, differentiation, and migration of multiple SPCs as well as tumorigenesis in certain contexts. Although TWEAK’s roles in modulating multiple SPCs are sparsely reported, the systemic effector functions of this multifaceted protein have not been fully elucidated. In this review, we summarized the fate decisions of TWEAK/Fn14 signaling on multiple stem cells and characterized its potential in stem cell therapy.
Combined treatment with Rg1 and adipose-derived stem cells alleviates DSS-induced colitis in a mouse model
Authors: Zhang Rui , Zhang Qingqing , Chen Yanni , Zhao Qing , Zhang Bo , Wang Ling , Zhou Chungen , Zhang Qi , Chen Kun , Zhang Yuqing , Hou Xiaotao , Chen Hao , Liu Xingyin , Ni Min , Jiang Bin
Published: June 2022

Background

Inflammatory bowel diseases, consisting of Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis constitute chronic inflammatory conditions that may compromise the whole gastrointestinal tract as well as the colonic mucosa. Currently, there are no curative interventions for IBD, and all available treatments have side effects that limit their use. Adipose-derived stem cell (ADSC) treatment is a prospective treatment option for IBD. Previous findings indicated that ginsenoside (Rg1) dampened inflammatory diseases like colitis by inhibiting the binding of LPS to TLR4 on macrophages and restoring the Th17/Treg ratio. The purpose of this work was to investigate whether Rg1 can increase the influence of ADSC in a mouse model of colitis triggered by dextran sulfate sodium (DSS).

Methods

ADSC was intravenously inoculated into mice with DSS-triggered colitis, while Rg1 was delivered via oral gavage. Colon inflammation was assessed via body weight, colon length along with H&E staining. Serum cytokine levels were measured using ELISA. Besides, flow cytometry was adopted to determine the percentage, as well as FMI of immune cells in the spleen. The effects of simultaneous Rg1 and ADSC treatment on TLR4-MyD88 signaling were assessed via immunofluorescence.

Results

Rg1 and ADSC effectively alleviated the impacts of colon inflammation, weight loss, and colon length reduction along with histological score. Treatment with Rg1 and ADSC reduced serum levels of the proinflammatory cytokines, IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-4, and IL-17A and upregulated the level of immunosuppressive cytokine, IL-10. Compared with ADSC or Rg1 alone, combined treatment with Rg1 and ADSC significantly improved the structure of microbial community. Additionally, treatment with Rg1 plus ADSC selectively elevated the level of splenic regulatory T (Treg) cells and downregulated the proportion of T helper type 17 (Th17) cells, indicating restoration of intestinal homeostasis. Besides, we established that the combination of ADSC + Rg1 restored immunological balance more effectively than either ADSC or Rg1 alone, illustrating that Rg1's modulatory function on the gut microbiota may boost the impact of ADSCs in restoration of the immune balance. ADSC combined with Rg1 might downregulate the expression of TLR4 and MyD88, thereby suppressing TLR4-MyD8 signaling. The immunofluorescence results also suggested that co-therapy with Rg-1 and ADSC may optimize treatment strategies of IBD.

Conclusions

Here, we find that the combination of Rg1 and ADSC alleviates DSS-induced colitis in a mouse model more efficiently than ADSC alone, indicating that Rg1 enhances the effect of ADSC against colitis.
Assessment of endothelial colony forming cells delivery routes in a murine model of critical limb threatening ischemia using an optimized cell tracking approach
Authors: Rojas-Torres Marta , Sánchez-Gomar Ismael , Rosal-Vela Antonio , Beltrán-Camacho Lucía , Eslava-Alcón Sara , Alonso-Piñeiro José Ángel , Martín-Ramírez Javier , Moreno-Luna Rafael , Durán-Ruiz Mª Carmen
Published: June 2022

Background

Endothelial colony forming cells (ECFCs), alone or in combination with mesenchymal stem cells, have been selected as potential therapeutic candidates for critical limb-threatening ischemia (CLTI), mainly for those patients considered as “no-option,” due to their capability to enhance revascularization and perfusion recovery of ischemic tissues. Nevertheless, prior to translating cell therapy to the clinic, biodistribution assays are required by regulatory guidelines to ensure biosafety as well as to discard undesired systemic translocations. Different approaches, from imaging technologies to qPCR-based methods, are currently applied.

Methods

In the current study, we have optimized a cell-tracking assay based on DiR fluorescent cell labeling and near-infrared detection for in vivo and ex vivo assays. Briefly, an improved protocol for DiR staining was set up, by incubation of ECFCs with 6.67 µM DiR and intensive washing steps prior cell administration. The minimal signal detected for the residual DiR, remaining after these washes, was considered as a baseline signal to estimate cell amounts correlated to the DiR intensity values registered in vivo. Besides, several assays were also performed to determine any potential effect of DiR over ECFCs functionality. Furthermore, the optimized protocol was applied in combination with qPCR amplification of specific human Alu sequences to assess the final distribution of ECFCs after intramuscular or intravenous administration to a murine model of CLTI.

Results

The optimized DiR labeling protocol indicated that ECFCs administered intramuscularly remained mainly within the hind limb muscle while cells injected intravenously were found in the spleen, liver and lungs.

Conclusion

Overall, the combination of DiR labeling and qPCR analysis in biodistribution assays constitutes a highly sensitive approach to systemically track cells in vivo. Thereby, human ECFCs administered intramuscularly to CLTI mice remained locally within the ischemic tissues, while intravenously injected cells were found in several organs. Our data corroborate the need to perform biodistribution assays in order to define specific parameters such as the optimal delivery route for ECFCs before their application into the clinic.
Modelling the significance of strategic orientation for competitive advantage and economic sustainability: the use of hybrid SEM–neural network analysis
Authors: Yang Marvello , Jaafar Norizan , Al Mamun Abdullah , Salameh Anas A. , Nawi Noorshella Che
Published: June 2022

Economic sustainability involves the development of an organisation that meets its future needs through an integrated policy, planning, and social learning process. The purpose of this study was to investigate the mediating role of competitive advantage in the relationship between strategic orientation and economic sustainability under unpredictable circumstances. This study collected quantitative data from a total of 284 halal small and medium enterprises (SMEs) from Indonesia through structured interviews. Data were analysed using partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM). Moreover, this study adopted artificial neural network (ANN) analysis for a model-free estimation using non-linear, multilayer, and parallel regression. The results revealed statistically significant and positive effect of strategic orientation on economic sustainability. Additionally, this study found that competitive advantage expanded the effect of strategic orientation on economic sustainability. Findings of ANN analysis confirm high prediction accuracy of the model. Findings of the sensitivity analysis highlighted the importance of innovation, network and technological orientation, and the positive effect of competitive advantage on halal SMEs economic sustainability. In order to achieve long-term economic sustainability, halal SMEs should therefore focus on innovation capacity, vertical and horizontal networking and adoption of the latest technologies. The uniqueness of this study focused on the strategic orientation and value of competitive advantage of halal SMEs towards economic sustainability. Additionally, this study was the first to develop hybrid SEM–neural network analysis to apply sensitivity analysis for the evaluation of the contribution of each exogenous predictor towards the endogenous construct.
Compartmental structures used in modeling COVID-19: a scoping review
Authors: Kong Lingcai , Duan Mengwei , Shi Jin , Hong Jie , Chang Zhaorui , Zhang Zhijie
Published: June 2022

Background

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic, considered as the worst global public health event in nearly a century, has severely affected more than 200 countries and regions around the world. To effectively prevent and control the epidemic, researchers have widely employed dynamic models to predict and simulate the epidemic’s development, understand the spread rule, evaluate the effects of intervention measures, inform vaccination strategies, and assist in the formulation of prevention and control measures. In this review, we aimed to sort out the compartmental structures used in COVID-19 dynamic models and provide reference for the dynamic modeling for COVID-19 and other infectious diseases in the future.

Main text

A scoping review on the compartmental structures used in modeling COVID-19 was conducted. In this scoping review, 241 research articles published before May 14, 2021 were analyzed to better understand the model types and compartmental structures used in modeling COVID-19. Three types of dynamics models were analyzed: compartment models expanded based on susceptible-exposed-infected-recovered (SEIR) model, meta-population models, and agent-based models. The expanded compartments based on SEIR model are mainly according to the COVID-19 transmission characteristics, public health interventions, and age structure. The meta-population models and the agent-based models, as a trade-off for more complex model structures, basic susceptible-exposed-infected-recovered or simply expanded compartmental structures were generally adopted.

Conclusion

There has been a great deal of models to understand the spread of COVID-19, and to help prevention and control strategies. Researchers build compartments according to actual situation, research objectives and complexity of models used. As the COVID-19 epidemic remains uncertain and poses a major challenge to humans, researchers still need dynamic models as the main tool to predict dynamics, evaluate intervention effects, and provide scientific evidence for the development of prevention and control strategies. The compartmental structures reviewed in this study provide guidance for future modeling for COVID-19, and also offer recommendations for the dynamic modeling of other infectious diseases.

Graphical Abstract

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One-way coupled fluid–beam interaction: capturing the effect of embedded slender bodies on global fluid flow and vice versa
Authors: Hagmeyer Nora , Mayr Matthias , Steinbrecher Ivo , Popp Alexander
Published: June 2022

This work addresses research questions arising from the application of geometrically exact beam theory in the context of fluid-structure interaction (FSI). Geometrically exact beam theory has proven to be a computationally efficient way to model the behavior of slender structures while leading to rather well-posed problem descriptions. In particular, we propose a mixed-dimensional embedded finite element approach for the coupling of one-dimensional geometrically exact beam equations to a three-dimensional background fluid mesh, referred to as fluid–beam interaction (FBI) in analogy to the well-established notion of FSI. Here, the fluid is described by the incompressible isothermal Navier–Stokes equations for Newtonian fluids. In particular, we present algorithmic aspects regarding the solution of the resulting one-way coupling schemes and, through selected numerical examples, analyze their spatial convergence behavior as well as their suitability not only as stand-alone methods but also for an extension to a full two-way coupling scheme.
Traffic flow prediction based on depthwise separable convolution fusion network
Authors: Yu Yue , Sun Wei , Liu Jianhua , Zhang Changfan
Published: June 2022

Traffic flow prediction is an important part of an intelligent transportation system to alleviate congestion. In practice, most small and medium-sized activities are not given priority in transport planning, yet these activities often bring about a surge in demand for public transport. It is recognized that such patterns are inevitably more difficult to predict than those associated with day-to-day mobility, and that forecasting models built using traffic data alone are not comprehensive enough. Aiming at this problem, a depthwise separable convolutional fusion forecast network (FFN) was proposed by focusing on the impact of event information on traffic flow demand. FFN fused heterogeneous data to model traffic data, weather information, and event information extracted from the Internet. The depthwise separable one-dimensional convolution was used to encode the textual information describing the event layer by layer, and local one-dimensional sequence segments (ie subsequences) were extracted from the sequence to retain rich local semantic features. In the modeling process, the interaction of heterogeneous data was established, that is, the temporal and other data were used to drive the textual information representation in the encoding process to capture better relevant textual representations. Finally, information from different sources and formats was fused to obtain a joint feature representation tensor that predicts the traffic demand in the next day's event area. The experimental results show that the average absolute error of the fusion prediction network is reduced by 26.5%, the root mean square error is reduced by 11.6%, and the judgment coefficient is increased by 26.4% compared with the prediction network that only considers the traffic data.
Calculated left ventricular outflow tract diameter for critically ill patients
Authors: Cox Eline G. M. , Koeze Jacqueline , van der Horst Iwan C. C. , Wiersema Renske
Published: June 2022

A fast and reliable left ventricular outflow diameter (LVOTd) estimation may aid in quickly estimating cardiac output. However, obtaining a correct LVOTd can be difficult in intensive care patients, potentially leading to errors and a cardiac output deviation. In this study, the measured LVOTd was compared with the expected LVOTd when estimated using an existing formula in 1177 critically ill patients. We show that estimated LVOTd based on baseline data can aid when obtaining LVOTd is difficult or impossible and simplified estimation based on a formula may allow for more reliable and accessible measurement of cardiac output.
The Effect of Sodium Alginate and Pectin Added to a Carbohydrate Beverage on Endurance Performance, Substrate Oxidation and Blood Glucose Concentration: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Sutehall Shaun , Muniz-Pardos Borja , Bosch Andrew , Pitsiladis Yannis
Published: June 2022

Introduction

Scientific and public interest in the potential ergogenic effects of sodium alginate added to a carbohydrate (CHO) beverage has increased in the last ~ 5 years. Despite an extensive use of this technology by elite athletes and recent research into the potential effects, there has been no meta-analysis to objectively elucidate the effects of adding sodium alginate to a CHO beverage on parameters relevant to exercise performance and to highlight gaps in the literature.

Methods

Three literature databases were systematically searched for studies investigating the effects of sodium alginate added to CHO beverage during prolonged, endurance exercise in healthy athletes. For the systematic review, the PROSPERO guidelines were followed, and risk assessment was made using the Cochrane collaboration’s tool for assessing the risk of bias. Additionally, a random-effects meta-analysis model was used to determine the standardised mean difference between a CHO beverage containing sodium alginate and an isocaloric control for performance, whole-body CHO oxidation and blood glucose concentration.

Results

Ten studies were reviewed systematically, of which seven were included within the meta-analysis. For each variable, there was homogeneity between studies for performance (n = 5 studies; I2 = 0%), CHO oxidation (n = 7 studies; I2 = 0%) and blood glucose concentration (n = 7 studies; I2 = 0%). When compared with an isocaloric control, the meta-analysis demonstrated that there is no difference in performance (Z = 0.54, p = 0.59), CHO oxidation (Z = 0.34, p = 0.71) and blood glucose concentration (Z = 0.44, p = 0.66) when ingesting a CHO beverage containing sodium alginate. The systematic review revealed that several of the included studies did not use sufficient exercise intensity to elicit significant gastrointestinal disturbances or demonstrate any ergogenic benefit of CHO ingestion. Risk of bias was generally low across the included studies.

Conclusions

This systematic review and meta-analysis demonstrate that the current literature indicates no benefit of adding sodium alginate to a CHO beverage during exercise. Further research is required, however, before firm conclusions are drawn considering the range of exercise intensities, feeding rates and the apparent lack of benefit of CHO reported in the current literature investigating sodium alginate.
Effect of Metarhizium anisopliae on the nutritional physiology of the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)
Authors: Mubeen Noshaba , Khalid Asma , Ullah Muhammad Irfan , Altaf Nimra , Arshad Muhammad , Amin Laiba , Talat Qudsia , Sadaf Abeera , Farwa
Published: June 2022

Background

The fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), was recorded for the first time in Pakistan in 2019, and now it has spread in several regions, i.e., Punjab and Sindh, affecting maize production. Farmers are using widely synthetic pesticides to control the pest. Further, the resistance development in insects and the non-target effect of chemicals on the environment and humans pose serious threats of using insecticides. The use of entomopathogenic fungi (EPF) is being considered an important tool in integrated pest management program. The main objective of this study was to check the impact of different conidial concentrations of Metarhizium anisopliae fungus on the nutritional physiology of S. frugiperda.

Results

The dose-dependent effect of tested EPF was observed, and the highest concentration (1 × 109 conidia/ml) considerably affected nutritional parameters. Reduced relative consumption rate (21.7%), relative growth rate (19.5%), the efficiency of conversion of ingested food (24.2%), and approximate digestibility (16.3%) were observed in treated larvae compared to the untreated by using a higher concentration of EPF. Pupal weight was also found lower (77.9 mg and 84.2 mg, respectively), when larvae were treated by 1 × 109 and 1 × 108 conidia/ml concentrations of EPF. Further, 46.7% of larvae were found dead with this conidial concentration.

Conclusions

This study suggests that the application of a higher concentration of M. anisopliae could be an effective option to control S. frugiperda. The EPF can enhance the integrated pest management programs and could be useful in reducing the environmental impact of synthetic insecticides.
Fecal microbiome of horses transitioning between warm-season and cool-season grass pasture within integrated rotational grazing systems
Authors: Weinert-Nelson Jennifer R. , Biddle Amy S. , Williams Carey A.
Published: June 2022

Background

Diet is a key driver of equine hindgut microbial community structure and composition. The aim of this study was to characterize shifts in the fecal microbiota of grazing horses during transitions between forage types within integrated warm- (WSG) and cool-season grass (CSG) rotational grazing systems (IRS). Eight mares were randomly assigned to two IRS containing mixed cool-season grass and one of two warm-season grasses: bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon(L.) Pers.] or crabgrass [Digitaria sanguinalis(L.) Scop.]. Fecal samples were collected during transitions from CSG to WSG pasture sections (C–W) and WSG to CSG (W–C) on days 0, 2, 4, and 6 following pasture rotation and compared using 16S rRNA gene sequencing.

Results

Regardless of IRS or transition (C–W vs. W–C), species richness was greater on day 4 and 6 in comparison to day 0 (P < 0.05). Evenness, however, did not differ by day. Weighted UniFrac also did not differ by day, and the most influential factor impacting β-diversity was the individual horse (R2 ≥ 0.24;P = 0.0001). Random forest modeling was unable to accurately predict days within C–W and W–C, but could predict the individual horse based on microbial composition (accuracy: 0.92 ± 0.05). Only three differentially abundant bacterial co-abundance groups (BCG) were identified across days within all C–W and W–C for both IRS (W ≥ 126). The BCG differing by day for all transitions included amplicon sequence variants (ASV) assigned to bacterial groups with known fibrolytic and butyrate-producing functions including members ofLachnospiraceae,Clostridiumsensu stricto1, AnaerovoraxtheNK4A214 groupofOscillospiraceae, andSarcina maxima. In comparison, 38 BCG were identified as differentially abundant by horse (W ≥ 704). The ASV in these groups were most commonly assigned to genera associated with degradation of structural carbohydrates includedRikenellaceae RC9 gut group, Treponema, Christensenellaceae R-7 group, and theNK4A214 groupofOscillospiraceae. Fecal pH also did not differ by day.

Conclusions

Overall, these results demonstrated a strong influence of individual horse on the fecal microbial community, particularly on the specific composition of fiber-degraders. The equine fecal microbiota were largely stable across transitions between forages within IRS suggesting that the equine gut microbiota adjusted at the individual level to the subtle dietary changes imposed by these transitions. This adaptive capacity indicates that horses can be managed in IRS without inducing gastrointestinal dysfunction.