bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Machine-learning Classifiers for Intermediate Redshift Emission-line Galaxies
Authors: Zhang Kai , Schlegel David J. , Andrews Brett H. , Comparat Johan , Schäfer Christoph , Vazquez Mata Jose Antonio , Kneib Jean-Paul , Yan Renbin
Published: September 2019

Classification of intermediate redshift (z = 0.3–0.8) emission line galaxies as star-forming galaxies, composite galaxies, active galactic nuclei (AGNs), or low-ionization nuclear emission regions (LINERs) using optical spectra alone was impossible because the lines used for standard optical diagnostic diagrams: [N ii], Hα, and [S ii] are redshifted out of the observed wavelength range. In this work, we address this problem using four supervised machine-learning classification algorithms: k-nearest neighbors (KNN), support vector classifier (SVC), random forest (RF), and a multilayer perceptron (MLP) neural network. For input features, we use properties that can be measured from optical galaxy spectra out to z < 0.8—[O iii]/Hβ, [O ii]/Hβ, [O iii] line width, and stellar velocity dispersion—and four colors (u − g, g − r, r − i, and i − z) corrected to z = 0.1. The labels for the low redshift emission line galaxy training set are determined using standard optical diagnostic diagrams. RF has the best area under curve score for classifying all four galaxy types, meaning the highest distinguishing power. Both the AUC scores and accuracies of the other algorithms are ordered as MLP > SVC > KNN. The classification accuracies with all eight features (and the four spectroscopically determined features only) are 93.4% (92.3%) for star-forming galaxies, 69.4% (63.7%) for composite galaxies, 71.8% (67.3%) for AGNs, and 65.7% (60.8%) for LINERs. The stacked spectrum of galaxies of the same type as determined by optical diagnostic diagrams at low redshift and RF at intermediate redshift are broadly consistent. Our publicly available code (https://github.com/zkdtc/MLC_ELGs) and trained models will be instrumental for classifying emission line galaxies in upcoming wide-field spectroscopic surveys.
Jihadist Foreign Terrorist Fighters: Contemporary Threats and Challenges in East Central Europe
Authors: Mareš Miroslav
Published: September 2019

This paper deals with the phenomenon of Jihadist foreign terrorist fighters from the perspective of East Central European countries. Over the past decade, the term 'foreign terrorist fighter' has become established in scholarly literature, international law and the popular consciousness. Today, Jihadist foreign terrorist fighters are closely watched globally for the security threat they pose. Although the greatest danger in Europe is seen to be to nations in the west, several cases in East Central Europe - involving terrorists travelling through the region and attempting to radicalise local jihadists - have led Poland, Hungary, Slovakia and the Czech Republic to adopt important legislation to eliminate this threat.
Religious Extremism as a Cause of Armed Conflicts: Indicators and Early Warning Systems
Authors: Kraus Josef
Published: September 2019

The main topic and focus of this article is to identify the most relevant indicators of the rise of religious extremism as an important cause of armed conflicts. A religiously motivated conflict is a relevant topic in modern security studies and research. Conflict prevention using the early-warning indicators identified in this article might be interesting for the security expert community. In the article chosen methodology is available with the recommendation to following research in the examined field.
The Allocation of Talent and U.S. Economic Growth
Authors: Hsieh Chang-Tai , Hurst Erik , Jones Charles I. , Klenow Peter J.
Published: September 2019

In 1960, 94 percent of doctors and lawyers were white men. By 2010, the fraction was just 62 percent. Similar changes in other highly‐skilled occupations have occurred throughout the U.S. economy during the last 50 years. Given that the innate talent for these professions is unlikely to have changed differently across groups, the change in the occupational distribution since 1960 suggests that a substantial pool of innately talented women and black men in 1960 were not pursuing their comparative advantage. We examine the effect on aggregate productivity of the convergence in the occupational distribution between 1960 and 2010 through the prism of a Roy model. Across our various specifications, between 20% and 40% of growth in aggregate market output per person can be explained by the improved allocation of talent.
Trading Networks With Frictions
Authors: Fleiner Tamás , Jagadeesan Ravi , Jankó Zsuzsanna , Teytelboym Alexander
Published: September 2019

We show how frictions and continuous transfers jointly affect equilibria in a model of matching in trading networks. Our model incorporates distortionary frictions such as transaction taxes and commissions. When contracts are fully substitutable for firms, competitive equilibria exist and coincide with outcomes that satisfy a cooperative solution concept called
trail stability. However, competitive equilibria are generally neither stable nor Pareto‐efficient.
Rehabilitation Nursing Program for Elderly Functional Independence
Authors: Ferreira Rogério Ferrinho , Ribeiro Luís Amador , Fonseca César João
Published: September 2019

To identify the gains in elderly functional independence through the implementation of the rehabilitation nursing program, a pilot study involving the quantitative, descriptive, and cross-sectional case study methodology was applied to an accidental sample of elderly people, with only two persons having completed the previously defined intervention program. The Rikli and Jones functional fitness test for older adults exercises, such as a rehabilitation nursing exercise program and the Barthel scale, were used to measure the functional independence of the elderly in the performance of activities of daily living. From the implementation of the rehabilitation nursing program to the elderly who concluded it in its entirety, the results show global gains in the functional aptitude program and an improvement in functional independence with gains in most activities of daily living. An improvement in the functional independence of elderly people who participated in the rehabilitation nursing program involving the functional fitness exercises of Rikli and Jones was verified.
The Consequences of Comorbidity, Ischemic Heart Disease, and Stroke at the Functional Level in Elderly People at Home
Authors: Marques Maria do Céu Mendes Pinto , Cano Fátima , Carocinho Marta
Published: September 2019

The objective of this chapter is to identify the consequences of comorbidity, ischemic heart disease, and functional stroke in elderly people at home. Aystematic review using electronic databases—PubMed, Ebscohost, SciELO, and B On—articles published between 2009 and 2016, based on the descriptors (DeCS), was used. The results are presented in the flow diagram generator according to the Prisma statement. For the level of evidence, the authors opted for the JBI grid, and for quality, EPHPP. Sampling was restricted to six articles, three of which were cross-sectional studies, one a cohort study, one a qualitative study, and one a random study. In the home setting, individuals who have suffered a stroke and those with impaired motor ability exhibit greater changes in functionality compared to individuals with ischemic cardiopathy. ICF allows for the analysis of life and health aspects of elderly people with these pathologies. The authors considered important studies with more significant samples and greater scientific evidence.
Protection to Personal Data Using Decentralizing Privacy of Blockchain.
Authors: Khedekar Vilas Baburao , Hiremath Shruti Sangmesh , Sonawane Prashant Madhav , Rajput Dharmendra Singh
Published: September 2019

In today's world, we deal with various online services, where each person deals with various technologies. These technologies are made for people to make our access to the new world easily. There is a tremendous use of online applications, websites which require large storage. Large data is handled by the online systems. The collection of data in the whole world is about 20% in the last few years. The data is captured from the user, controlled by the systems, and operations are performed on data. It requires more system accuracy and protection to personal data. But the person does not know about the data, where and how it is used where it is stored or whether the data is handled by some organisations for their own use or data is been hacked by another person. This chapter explores protection of data using the decentralized privacy of blockchain.
Preserving Data Privacy in Electronic Health Records Using Blockchain Technology
Authors: Sathiyabhama B.  , Rajeswari K. C.  , Reenadevi R.  , Arul Murugan R.
Published: September 2019

Technology is a boon to mankind in this fast-growing era. The advancement in technology is the predominant factor for the sophisticated way of living of the people. In spite of technology, revolution happens across the world, and mankind still suffers due to various health issues. Healthcare industries take immense measures to improve the quality of life. An enormous volume of digital data is being handled every day in the healthcare industry. There arises a need for the intervention of technology in the healthcare industry to be taken to a greater extent. The prime duty of any healthcare industry is to store and maintain those data in the form of electronic health records (EHR) in a secured manner.
Digital Literacies and Text Structure Instruction
Authors: Hodges Tracey S. , Matthews Sharon D.
Published: September 2019

In considering the intersection of digital texts and reading comprehension, teachers now need strategies and instructional tools that promote deep, critical thinking of multimedia text. One area of literacy instruction that can increase students' reading comprehension of multimedia texts comes with understanding, analyzing, and evaluating text structures. As a first step to understanding what research says about integrating text structures with digital literacies, the researchers conducted a systematic literature review of articles published between January 1, 2000 and December 31, 2017. While new literacies, visual literacies, and other digital media show increased prominence in education, the researchers identified only eight studies focusing on how text structures are unique to digital content. In the present chapter, the researchers analyze benefits and new language demands presented by these studies. Additionally, the researchers discuss implications for teacher practice and pedagogy when intersecting text structure instruction with digital literacies.
Equity, Literacies, and Learning in Technology-Rich Makerspaces
Authors: Wen Wen , Castek Jill
Published: September 2019

This chapter uses an equity lens to examine learning in makerspaces with a focus on the role that literacies and technologies play in these spaces. The authors examine ways that makerspaces bridge formal and informal learning and serve as important contexts for community building and mentorship. This stance on makerspaces centers equity and inclusion as driving forces that must become central to the design of these innovative learning spaces. The piece includes a review of the literature aimed at building a deeper understanding of the principles that underlie literacy practices, collaboration, and learning engagement. The authors offer principles and recommendations for designing, organizing, expanding, and sustaining learning-through-making opportunities for all learners.
Bye-Bye Basal
Authors: Tussey Jill , Haas Leslie , Garling Brittany
Published: September 2019

Due to instructional limitations embedded within basal reading programs, the use of text sets offers teachers alternative instructional resources. Text sets can be utilized in all subject areas to increase exposure to a variety of digital and print literacy resources. Multimodal literacy as a form of blended learning, incorporates traditional texts with digital opportunities, allowing learners to connect, experience, and understand literacy through a plethora of engaging channels. Digital tools and digital literacy allow students to connect with current information in an engaging manner while increasing literacy skills. The end goal of incorporating digital components into text sets is to meet the academic needs of all students.
Teacher Curatorship
Authors: Pyles Damiana Gibbons , Buchholz Beth A. , Hagaman Kris , Hash Peaches
Published: September 2019

Grounded in digital literacy and literacies research, the authors explore how a kindergarten teacher facilitated digital literacy in a science lesson using YouTube playlists and the YouTube Kids app. By curating videos and modeling how to “read” the video texts, the teacher prepared her students for their own guided searches using streaming video texts in the YouTube Kids app on iPads. The authors show how teacher curatorship can foster real, authentic learning experiences, even for young children, as a way for students to begin developing the complex new literacy practice(s) of curating videos across in and out of school spaces.
Mathematical Literacy and Young Children
Authors: Wallace Ann H. , Wilson D. Reece
Published: September 2019

This chapter focuses on three web-based applications and describes how each may be used to promote mathematical literacy in developmentally appropriate ways. The web-based applications described in this chapter are a selection of those provided at no cost by The Math Learning Center. The Number Rack Application is a calculating frame composed of 2 rows of 10 beads each. The rows of movable, colored beads encourage learners to think in groups of fives and tens, helping them to explore and discover a variety of addition and subtraction strategies. The Number Line Application helps students visualize number sequences and illustrate strategies for counting, comparing, adding, subtracting, multiplying, and dividing. The Money Pieces Application helps students visualize and understand money values and relationships. The strategy of Number Talks is used to promote mathematical literacy using these applications. A Number Talk is a short, ongoing daily routine with a focus on mental math strategies that provides students with meaningful practice with computation.
“Nobody Really Does the Reading”
Authors: Bollinger Chelsey M. Bahlmann , Lupo Sarah M. , Sullivan Brian A.
Published: September 2019

Although quizzes and written summaries are more traditional ways to hold students accountable for reading, more than two thirds of college students report not completing assigned readings, references show. In this mixed-methods study, the researchers explored whether various technology strategies motivated undergraduate literacy education students to not only read, but also learn from these assigned texts. Collecting survey data from our literacy preparation courses, the authors examined how the students perceived these strategies.
Humanizing Online Assessment
Authors: Rybakova Katie
Published: September 2019

In this chapter, the author will investigate the use of screencasting as a multimedia feedback tool in two classes— a college level introduction to literature class, and a computers across the curriculum class geared towards K-12 preservice teachers. After situating the concepts of modeling and feedback strategies within seminal and contemporary scholarships, the author will provide a practical and anecdotal narrative of the uses of screencasting as an assessment tool within the frame of literacy pedagogies. In identifying the ways in which screencasting (video feedback) can be leveraged to enhance personalized instruction, the author will examine: 1) how technology can be used as a literacy practice; and 2) how a teacher preparation professor can model the practice of technology as a literacy for assessment purposes.
Analysis of Ground Water Quality Using Statistical Techniques
Authors: K. Keerthy , A. Sheik Abdullah , S. Chandran
Published: September 2019

Urbanization, industrialization, and increase in population lead to depletion of ground water quantity and also deteriorate the ground water quality. Madurai city is one of the oldest cities in India. In this chapter the ground water quality was assessed using various statistical techniques. Groundwater samples were collected from 11 bore wells and 5 dug wells in Post-monsoon season during 2002. Samples were analysed for physico-chemical characterization in the laboratory. Around 17 physico-chemical parameters were analysed for all the samples. The descriptive statistical analysis was done to understand the correlation between each parameter. Cluster Analysis was carried out to identify the most affected bore well and dug well in the Madurai city.
Fake News, Hate Speech and Nigeria's Struggle for Democratic Consolidation
Authors: Pate Umaru A. , Ibrahim Adamkolo Mohammed
Published: September 2019

In addition to looking at the ongoing election campaigns in Nigeria, past election campaigns both locally and globally (especially since Brexit referendum in the United Kingdom and the 2016 presidential election in the United States) have highlighted how fake news and hate speech can be used to cause political instability in society. Ever since, fake news and hate speech issues and their impacts on democratic processes have gained widespread research attention. Hence, an urge exists to not only further understand the concepts of fake news and hate speech but also to define them based on empirical and critical literature. This chapter intends to clearly provide further understanding about the definition of fake news through a redefinition of the concept based on a critical review of literature. Also, critically discussed in this chapter are the impacts both fake news and hate speech can have on the consolidation of democracy in Nigeria. Some policy recommendations are offered.
Personalization Online
Authors: Carlson Tom , Strandberg Kim , Djupsund Göran
Published: September 2019

Research on the increasing importance of party leaders in elections has observed that party leaders maintain personal websites, blogs, and social networking sites in order to personalize the image of themselves by mixing personal and professional matters. This chapter examines whether these efforts affect the party leader character impressions by voters in a positive way. The chapter presents two experiments that examine the impact of exposure to authentic personal websites and, as a form of social media, blogs of party leaders on voters' perceptions regarding various traits of party leaders during a Finnish election campaign. The findings are mixed. The perception of one leader was significantly enhanced by exposure to his website as well as his blog. Moreover, exposure to the blog by this politician resulted in an enhanced assessment of his personality traits whereas exposure to his website had positive effect on the evaluation of his professional traits. In making sense of the findings, web and social media approaches, and participant expectancies are discussed.
Can Revolutionary Media Be Made Online?
Authors: Atef Noha
Published: September 2019

This chapter presents Mosireen, a non-profit media collective and an alternative media outlet founded by a group of activists, writers, journalists, and filmmakers in the midst of a political change in Egypt. This group developed a special interpretation of the concept of “revolutionary media,” and for more than two years have been executing their ideas on the ground. Thus, Mosireen is a case to study the instrumentalization of the Internet in political activism, and the revolutionalization of the use of digital and social media at the time of struggle against the regime.
Introduction to Business Valuation
Authors: Derindere Köseoğlu Sinem , Awad Almeany Saad Salman
Published: September 2019

This chapter is an introduction to the book and provides basic information to help readers in the following chapters. This book analyzes all kinds of problems and develops solutions in firm valuation process. The needs and purposes of firm valuation are briefly explained. Basic Concepts, such as Cost, Price, Value, Valuation, Evaluation, Free Cash Flow, and different types of value, are explained. Face value, issue price, fair value, intrinsic value, market value, book value, going-concern value, liquidation value, replacement value, enterprise value, and equity value are explained within the different types of value. Then, “financial statements” and “elements of financial statements”, which will form the basis of all valuation approaches, are explained and emphasized. The value drivers for businesses are discussed. Business valuation approaches' general features are given.
Valuation of Negative Earning Firms
Authors: Usmani Faisal , Ghayas Atif , Sarim Mohd
Published: September 2019

This book mostly concentrates on firms with positive earnings, but this chapter focuses on the negative earnings firms or firms with very low earnings. It is easier to value a positive earning firm than a company with negative earnings. Analyzing negative earning firms has always created problems for researchers and analysts. In case of a negative earning firm, growth rates cannot be predicted or used in the valuation of firms. When current income of the firms is negative, growth rate will make it more negative. Tax computation becomes more complicated and the Going Concern Assumption does not apply properly. Authors start with complications in valuing negative earning firms, discuss the causes of negative earnings, and whether the problem is short-term, long-term, or cyclical in nature. Finally, authors provide the appropriate valuation technique for each case.
Explaining Customer Loyalty to Retail Stores
Authors: Vasquez-Parraga Arturo Z. , Sahagun Miguel A.
Published: September 2019

This chapter reassesses the process of how store customers become loyal to their stores; what are the core subprocesses generating customer store loyalty, and what contributing moderators enrich the final outcome. A new empirical research is designed to identify and test a parsimonious model of core relationships and moderators. The result is an explanation chain that incorporates relational variables, trust, and commitment to the traditional transactional one, customer satisfaction, and the moderating factors of the relational variables. The findings reveal that 1) customer commitment is the major contributor of explanation to true customer loyalty, significantly more than the contributed explanation of customer satisfaction, and 2) four cognitive attitudes and four affective attitudes significantly moderate the relational effects of trust and commitment on customer store loyalty and, thus, contribute, though in small amounts, to a stronger explanation.
User-Friendly Information Accessibility and Deschooling Among Teenagers
Authors: Ben Suneeth
Published: September 2019

Information explosion has reached its zenith and provides the accessibility in a user-friendly manner. Time, space, situation, assistance, facilitation, tutor, conventional, traditional; all these types of information acquisition modes had been reduced to user-friendly pattern of interaction. Deschooling among teenagers has become an inevitable topic of discussion due to the user-friendly information accessibility. Deschooling is the escapism of teenagers from normal, traditional, and systematic style of information as well as knowledge acquisition. This chapter provides the misuse as well as the negative thinking aspects of teenagers in marketing of information services. The chapter ultimately enhances the quality of designing and realistic ethical norms and values in marketing of information services.
Extent of Information Literacy in the Higher Education Scenario
Authors: Pillai Saravanan Parameswaran , Prasanth V. S.  , Siju V.
Published: September 2019

Higher education system has witnessed tremendous changes this decade at a global level due to the invasion of information technology in every aspect. The information centers and information services are no exceptions. The concept of self-learning and acquisition of life-long learning skills are necessary to be information-literate and information-empowered. Day-to-day need of information, competency, and familiarity is using ICT-based information sources, enhancing usage of library resources. Thus, directly or indirectly, information literacy skills or competencies influence the use of library resources. This chapter makes a comparative analysis on information literacy skills possessed by research scholars and their information literacy skills based on the demographic variables. The study revealed a moderate level of information literacy skills among the research scholars, and demographic variables and ICT awareness influences their information literacy skills.
Ethics for Knowledge Resource Centers in the Era of Information Overload
Authors: Jeyasekar J. John , V. Aishwarya , Munuswamy Usharani
Published: September 2019

Every professional body has a moral code for the conduct of its members. For example, physicians follow the oldest Hippocratic Oath for their professional code of ethics. Every member of the profession should adhere to their ethical code. Eventually, in the era of information overload millions of Terabyte information is found in the web. The e-formats of the information pose challenges to its user. The information service providers have a moral responsibility of providing the right information to the right user, in the right form. The knowledge workers have an added social responsibility in the democratic set-up. The ALA, CILIP, and some other professional bodies have their own ethical code. However, many developing nations do not have such code. This chapter discusses what ethics is, and its relevance to information science professionals. In addition, it gives a glimpse of the various ethical codes available and formulates a set of codes for information producers, re-packers, and seekers.
Marketing of Library Management Software Products
Authors: Dhavaputhalvi A. Chitra , Sornam Ally
Published: September 2019

Marketing is a human activity and it is the process of developing, promoting, and distributing products in order to satisfy customer needs and wants. Products include both goods and services. Goods are also known as tangible products. Services are things which one may not be able to touch, smell, or taste and are called intangible products. The traditional marketing concept focuses on the flow of goods and services from producer to consumer or user. In modern times, marketing is viewed as the anticipation, management, and satisfaction of demand through the exchange process. Product marketing and service marketing are essentially the same. The basic task of marketing remains the same irrespective of the products or services involved in the deal. Service is an activity or benefit that one party can offer to another that is essentially intangible and does not result in the ownership of anything.
Safety and Security of Libraries
Authors: Jeyasekar J. John , Aishwarya V.
Published: September 2019

Library is a trinity of documents, patrons, and staff. The goal of library security systems is to offer a safe and secure environment to this trinity. There are both natural and man-made threats. Trained guards, locks, alarms, turnstiles, safes, security lighting, duress alarms, closed circuit televisions, and RFID are a few well-known security measures. RFID, the latest development, is being used in many libraries. Though some studies state RFID has health hazards, it has a lot of advantages making it popular. Modern library is also a storehouse of digital information and therefore digitized information, too, has to be secured. Information security programmes are also addressed in this chapter.
To Study Abroad
Authors: Velliaris Donna M.
Published: September 2019

Universities globally are increasingly seeking to improve the international mobility of their students. There are several latent benefits that accrue to a university whose faculty and/or students actively participate in international exchange programs. Essentially, this can lead to an increase in the capacity to develop international relationships, greater diversity in the student population with all the benefits that stem from diversity, opportunities for benchmarking against best practices, and the university's international reputation spreading on a global scale. Drawing on extant literature, this descriptive chapter reviews many and varied scholarly works to elicit a comprehensive range of ‘Push-Pull' factors or ‘a complex matrix of influences' that play a role in tertiary-level students' decision-making in relation to study abroad.
Social Spider Algorithm for Training Artificial Neural Networks
Authors: Gülmez Burak , Kulluk Sinem
Published: September 2019

Artificial neural networks (ANNs) are one of the most widely used techniques for generalization, classification, and optimization. ANNs are inspired from the human brain and perform some abilities automatically like learning new information and making new inferences. Back-propagation (BP) is the most common algorithm for training ANNs. But the processing of the BP algorithm is too slow, and it can be trapped into local optima. The meta-heuristic algorithms overcome these drawbacks and are frequently used in training ANNs. In this study, a new generation meta-heuristic, the Social Spider (SS) algorithm, is adapted for training ANNs. The performance of the algorithm is compared with conventional and meta-heuristic algorithms on classification benchmark problems in the literature. The algorithm is also applied to real-world data in order to predict the production of a factory in Kayseri and compared with some regression-based algorithms and ANNs models. The obtained results and comparisons on classification benchmark datasets have shown that the SS algorithm is a competitive algorithm for training ANNs. On the real-world production dataset, the SS algorithm has outperformed all compared algorithms. As a result of experimental studies, the SS algorithm is highly capable for training ANNs and can be used for both classification and regression.
Information Influence in Hybrid Environment
Authors: Huhtinen Aki-Mauri , Kotilainen Noora , Särmä Saara , Streng Mikko
Published: September 2019

The traditional government-military-public relationship to the public driver's relationship is moving to the government and military. Conflicts are increasingly asymmetrical, networked, urbanized and open to the global publicities because of internet global connections and especially global access to the social media. The public-driven network-based global possibility to online communication means threats and the nature of conflict to become “hybrid.” “Hybrid warfare” challenges the standard way of waging military operations. Military and security organizations have to combat new technologies of their adversaries. This article sets out to discuss the phenomena of hybrid warfare in contemporary rhizomatic society and a hybrid media environment. Furthermore, this research considers how reflexive control functions can provide a historical perspective to ahistorical accounts of hybrid warfare and thus help us to better understand the contemporary challenges and threats of hybrid warfare, particularly coming from Russia.
The Impact of Cyber-Physical Warfare on Global Human Security
Authors: Payne Bryson R. , Mienie Edward L.
Published: September 2019

Cyber is deeply enmeshed and interwoven across national security, as evidenced by its inclusion in the national security policies of a growing number of OECD countries. But it is the impact of cyber across the other components of national and human security that remains to be sufficiently addressed at the national policy level, or in international standards of behavior with respect to cyberwarfare and hybrid conflict. In addition to standing on its own as a national security concern, cybersecurity impacts economic and trade security, ecological/environmental and biosecurity, energy and critical infrastructure security, food security, transportation, and public health, as well as communications, physical and even political security. This work examines the role of threats from cyberwarfare, hybrid conflict, and cyber-physical attacks across human security from a national and global perspective, makes near-term predictions about the future of cyberwarfare, and provides recommendations with respect to preparing for cyberwarfare and ongoing hybrid conflict.
Towards a Group Decision Support System
Authors: Madouri Souad , Hamdadou Djamila
Published: September 2019

This research focuses on the design and development of an interactive multi-criteria group decision support system (GDSS). This system comprises a set of agents communicating through messages. They aim to find an adequate area that can best address certain criteria among a set of variants (e.g. localization of new infrastructure, shopping mall, hospital, etc.). A GDSS is designed and relies mainly on the presentation of the territory through the functionalities of geographic information system (GIS), and the representation of the multiplicity and diversity of decision makers through the functionalities of a multi-agents system (MAS). Moreover, an argumentation-based negotiation protocol MAS module is provided. This approach is justified by the argumentative nature of the process by which participants justify their choices in order to reach a collective decision. This is achieved by exploiting the multi-criteria methods with an analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and Electre III.
Digital Identity and Reputation in a Virtual Practice Network - Insights Using Linguistic Features
Authors: Abdallah Salam
Published: September 2019

Many studies have focused on the motivation of knowledge contributions in virtual communities. However, one of the most fundamental ways in which people present their knowledge contributions is through the use of language, and its effect on social identification and impression management has not been thoroughly examined. The goal of this study is to better understand language use in regards to reputation management in virtual practice networks. The study recognizes why participants on virtual communities, in the pursuit of higher status reputations, will generate better content, more specific to the collective and display better commitment. The research will also address how to evoke these social engagement and commitment behaviors, so that the network community is sustained. This research is valuable for academics and practitioners who seek to understand why people participate and commit to providing knowledge contributions in virtual practice networks.
Analyzing Intraductal Papillary Mucinous Neoplasms Using Artificial Neural Network Methodologic Triangulation
Authors: Walczak Steven , Permuth Jennifer B. , Velanovich Vic
Published: September 2019

Intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMN) are a type of mucinous pancreatic cyst. IPMN have been shown to be pre-malignant precursors to pancreatic cancer, which has an extremely high mortality rate with average survival less than 1 year. The purpose of this analysis is to utilize methodological triangulation using artificial neural networks and regression to examine the impact and effectiveness of a collection of variables believed to be predictive of malignant IPMN pathology. Results indicate that the triangulation is effective in both finding a new predictive variable and possibly reducing the number of variables needed for predicting if an IPMN is malignant or benign.
Sensory processing disorder: Perceptions on the clinical role of advanced psychiatric nurses
Authors: Lang Madelein , Du Plessis Emmerentia
Published: September 2019

Background: No description of the clinical role of the advanced psychiatric nurse in the management of children with sensory processing disorder could be found for the South African context. This is a loss in clinical nursing practice with regard to diagnosis, treatment and research.Aim: To explore and clarify the perceptions of healthcare professionals in South Africa on the clinical role of the advanced psychiatric nurse in sensory processing disorder to provide a description of this role.Setting: The research was conducted by inviting registered healthcare professionals practicing in South Africa to complete several rounds of an on-line survey.Methods: An explorative and descriptive design was used. Purposive sampling was used to identify an initial sample of healthcare professionals, followed by snowball sampling. The Delphi technique was implemented with three sequential rounds, gathering data on the perceptions of the healthcare professionals regarding the clinical role of the advanced psychiatric nurse in sensory processing disorder.Results: The following main themes crystallised from the data – (1) Specialised training of the advanced psychiatric nurse (APN) on sensory processing disorder; (2) Interventions carried out by the APN with regard to sensory processing disorder; (3) Adequate support to the family with regard to sensory processing disorder; and (4) Referral of a child with sensory processing disorder.Conclusion: The study indicates that the healthcare professionals who are experts in delivering healthcare to children with sensory processing disorder agree that the APN with additional training in this condition has a clinical role to play in rendering healthcare to these healthcare users. A preliminary clinical role description could be formulated. Recommendations for nursing practice, nursing education and further research were formulated.
Dietary supplement use among dietetics students at the University of KwaZulu-Natal
Authors: Pillay Lynelda , Pillay Kirthee
Published: September 2019

Background: A dietary supplement is a product that aims to add nutritional value to the diet. University students are known to make use of dietary supplements to improve their academic performance, increase energy levels and promote overall general health. Based on assumption, students studying towards a nutrition-related degree may eat healthily and choose not to use dietary supplements. Alternatively, because of their interest in and exposure to nutrition, they may decide to use dietary supplements. However, there is a lack of published studies investigating the prevalence of dietary supplement use and reasons for use among South African university students studying towards a nutrition-related degree.Aim: The aim of this study was to assess the use of dietary supplements by dietetics students.Setting: University of KwaZulu-Natal (UKZN).Methods: A cross-sectional, descriptive study was conducted using a self-administered questionnaire.Results: Of the 139 participants, 23% (n = 32) used dietary supplements. There was a greater use by female students, those who lived at home and those registered for the Postgraduate Diploma in Dietetics. Reasons for using dietary supplements included the following: to strengthen the immune system (62.5%), to improve energy levels (56.3%) and to enhance physical health (50%). Cost (32.7%; n = 35), an adequate diet (22.4%; n = 24) and not necessary or waste of money (15%; n = 16) were reasons for not using dietary supplements. Most students (84.4%) made use of a multivitamin and mineral supplement.Conclusion: There was a low prevalence of dietary supplement use by UKZN dietetics students, with the high cost of supplements given as the main reason for non-use.
Symmetries and equations of smooth quartic surfaces with many lines
Authors: Veniani Davide Cesare
Published: September 2019

We provide explicit equations of some smooth complex quartic surfaces with many lines, including all 10 quartics with more than 52 lines. We study the relation between linear automorphisms and some configurations of lines such as twin lines and special lines. We answer a question by Oguiso on a determinantal presentation of the Fermat quartic surface.
Kleiner Niederländischer Sprachatlas (KNSA)
Authors: Pheiff Jeffrey
Published: September 2019

The present contribution aims to present the Kleiner Niederländischer Sprachatlas unter Einschluss des Westfriesischen (KNSA, ‘Concise Linguistic Atlas of Dutch including West Frisian’). With the Belgian and Dutch Wenker sentences as its source of data, the KNSA represents a westward expansion of its model and predecessor atlas, the Kleiner Deutscher Sprachatlas (KDSA, ‘Concise Linguistic Atlas of German’), which charted historical data from Georg Wenker’s survey of the former German Empire at the end of the 19th century. Less well known is the collection of Wenker sentences that was carried out in the Dutch language area beginning during the First World War, then in the 1920s, and in the 1930s. The KNSA systematically charts these historical Dutch and West Frisian data, and allows for their comparison to the German Wenker data. Although initiated in the 1990s, the project could only be completed in 2017. The KNSA was published on the internet research platform Regionalsprache.de (REDE). This contribution will first present the atlas’ data basis, then explain the relationship of the KNSA to the KDSA, and discuss the former’s publication. Finally, a brief case study analysis of h-dropping in Dutch dialects will conclude the contribution to demonstrate one possibility for further research with the atlas.
Incumbency, Parties, and Legislatures: Theory and Evidence from India
Authors: Lee Alexander
Published: September 2019

Incumbent legislators in some developing countries are often thought to face an electoral disadvantage relative to challengers. This article traces this effect to high levels of centralization within the political parties and governments of these countries. In political systems dominated
by party leaders, legislators face substantial formal and informal constraints on their ability to influence policy, stake positions, and control patronage, which in turn reduce their ability to build up personal votes. This theory is tested on a dataset of Indian national elections since
1977, using a regression discontinuity design to measure the effects of incumbency. Candidates less affected by centralization-those from less-centralized political parties and from parties not affected by restrictions on free parliamentary voting - have a low or non-existent incumbency disadvantage.
5th generation district heating and cooling systems as a solution for renewable urban thermal energy supply
Authors: Boesten Stef , Ivens Wilfried , Dekker Stefan C. , Eijdems Herman
Published: September 2019

Abstract. In order to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and decrease dependency on depleting fossil fuel resources the shift to a renewable energy system is necessary. District heating and cooling systems are a viable solution to provide heat and cold in urban environments. Renewable heat and cold sources that may get incorporated in future urban energy systems will not provide the same high temperature output as current fossil fuel fired systems. Fifth generation district heating and cooling (5GDHC) systems are decentralized, bi-directional, close to ground temperature networks that use direct exchange of warm and cold return flows and thermal storage to balance thermal demand as much as possible. 5GDHC offers a way to incorporate low temperature renewable heat sources including shallow geothermal energy, as well as reduce total demand by recuperating generated heat from cooling and generated cold from heating. The large scale of 5GDHC allows for optimal design of technical parts like heat pumps and thermal storage vessels, while increasing overall system efficiency by incorporating a large variety of supply and demand profiles. We provide a definition for 5GDHC and show how this concept differs from conventional district heating systems. The Mijnwater system in Heerlen, the Netherlands is showing what a city-level 5GDHC system can look like.
Parameter calibration and stomatal conductance formulation comparison for boreal forests with adaptive population importance sampler in the land surface model JSBACH
Authors: Mäkelä Jarmo , Knauer Jürgen , Aurela Mika , Black Andrew , Heimann Martin , Kobayashi Hideki , Lohila Annalea , Mammarella Ivan , Margolis Hank , Markkanen Tiina , Susiluoto Jouni , Thum Tea , Viskari Toni , Zaehle Sönke , Aalto Tuula
Published: September 2019

Abstract. We calibrated the JSBACH model with six different stomatal conductance formulations using measurements from 10 FLUXNET coniferous evergreen sites in the boreal zone. The parameter posterior distributions were generated by the adaptive population importance sampler (APIS); then the optimal values were estimated by a simple stochastic optimisation algorithm. The model was constrained with in situ observations of evapotranspiration (ET) and gross primary production (GPP). We identified the key parameters in the calibration process. These parameters control the soil moisture stress function and the overall rate of carbon fixation. The JSBACH model was also modified to use a delayed effect of temperature for photosynthetic activity in spring. This modification enabled the model to correctly reproduce the springtime increase in GPP for all conifer sites used in this study. Overall, the calibration and model modifications improved the coefficient of determination and the model bias for GPP with all stomatal conductance formulations. However, only the coefficient of determination was clearly improved for ET. The optimisation resulted in best performance by the Bethy, Ball–Berry, and the Friend and Kiang stomatal conductance models. We also optimised the model during a drought event at a Finnish Scots pine forest site. This optimisation improved the model behaviour but resulted in significant changes to the parameter values except for the unified stomatal optimisation model (USO). Interestingly, the USO demonstrated the best performance during this event.
ESMValTool v2.0 – Technical overview
Authors: Righi Mattia , Andela Bouwe , Eyring Veronika , Lauer Axel , Predoi Valeriu , Schlund Manuel , Vegas-Regidor Javier , Bock Lisa , Brötz Björn , de Mora Lee , Diblen Faruk , Dreyer Laura , Drost Niels , Earnshaw Paul , Hassler Birgit , Koldunov Nikolay , Little Bill , Loosveldt Tomas Saskia , Zimmermann Klaus
Published: September 2019

Abstract. This paper describes the second major release of the Earth System Model Evaluation Tool (ESMValTool), a community diagnostic and performance metrics tool for the evaluation of Earth System Models (ESMs) participating in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP). Compared to version 1.0, released in 2016, ESMValTool version 2.0 (v2.0) features a brand new design, with an improved interface and a revised preprocessor. It also features a significantly enhanced diagnostic part that is described in three companion papers. The new version of the ESMValTool has been specifically developed to target the increased data volume of CMIP Phase 6 (CMIP6) and the related challenges posed by the analysis and the evaluation of output from multiple high-resolution or complex ESMs. The new version takes advantage of state-of-the-art computational libraries and methods to deploy an efficient and user-friendly data processing. Common operations on the input data (such as regridding or computation of multi-model statistics) are centralized in a highly optimized preprocessor, which allows applying a series of preprocessing functions before diagnostics scripts are applied for in-depth scientific analysis of the model output. Performance tests conducted on a set of standard diagnostics show that the new version is faster than its predecessor by about a factor of three. The performance can be further improved, up to a factor of more than 30, when the newly-introduced task-based parallelization options are used, which enable the efficient exploitation of much larger computing infrastructures. ESMValTool v2.0 also includes a revised and simplified installation procedure, setting of user configurable options based on modern language formats, and high code quality standards following the best practices for software development.