bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Short- and long-term effects on upheaval buckling of blinding struts
Authors: Mireille Abela Jeanette , Vollum Robert , Izzuddin Bassam A. , Potts David M.
Published: October 2011

Significant economies can be achieved by using concrete blinding as struts in cut and cover excavations. This paper identifies the key issues which need to be addressed in the design of blinding struts in cut and cover excavations. It is shown that blinding struts can fail in upheaval buckling. The main parameters affecting the buckling load are identified and comparisons are made between numerical and analytical predictions of the failure load. Comparisons are also made between the measured and predicted strengths of ¼ scale blinding struts tested by the authors. The paper also discusses the effect of creep of concrete on the failure load of blinding struts. The paper concludes with a brief overview of the geotechnical numerical analysis undertaken to date which gives useful insights into the nature of the soil-structure interaction.
Development of Earthquake Crisis Management Strategic Plan for Metropolitan Motorway Systems
Authors: Anastasopoulos Ioannis , Gazetas George , Kourkoulis R. , Papadimitriou Fanis
Published: October 2011

The paper presents the development of a new methodology for prediction, rapid diagnosis and assessment, and management of the consequences of a strong seismic event affecting an urban transportation network. The methodology is divided in three stages: (a) pre-seismic risk assessment of major structures along the motorway, (b) estimation of strength and vulnerability of structures, and (c) parametric analysis of the consequences of different seismic scenarios, both in terms of structural damage and with regard to traffic operations. This way, the expected damage for the various structures of the network and its consequences are estimated before the occurrence of a possible future seismic episode, allowing timely preparation of a robust strategic plan for rapid assessment and crisis management. The strategy encompasses the actions to be taken by the network administrator in order to ensure safety and achieve optimum serviceability of the motorway.
Vehicle-induced Vibration of Half-through and Through CFST Arch Bridges
Authors: Qingxiong Wu , Baochun Chen
Published: October 2011

The road roughness curves and vehicle-induced responses of eight concrete-filled steel tubular (CFST) arch bridges with suspended deck system are obtained by field test. The dynamic analysis considering the interaction between vehicle and bridge are carried out by finite element method. The vehicle-induced vibration analysis of CFST arch bridge is verified by comparing with the measured acceleration responses. The accelerations and velocities in CFST arch rib and suspended deck are then analyzed.
A Review of Code and Performance Based Seismic Design Procedures of Reinforced Concrete High-rise Building Structures
Authors: Zekioglu Atila , Willford Michael , Darama Huseyin , Melek Murat
Published: October 2011

Reinforced concrete is commonly used in high-rise building construction. Performance based seismic approaches are necessary for sound design for such buildings but these present significant challenges due to reinforced concrete’s (RC) complex behavior. It is intrinsically non-linear even in the elastic range due to cracking, and its ductility in flexure is strongly affected by the axial and shear loads supported concurrently.

The paper discusses the influence of modeling assumptions and analysis methods on the predicted performance of an idealized tall building, the 40 story tall RC building defined by the Los Angeles Tall Buildings Structural Design Council (LATBSDC)[1] as a case study for application of its 2005 draft provisions. This is a 126.5 meter tall reinforced concrete residential building 36 meter by 29.3 meter in plan. The lateral load carrying comprises bearing core walls coupled with 0.813 to 1.524 meter deep spandrel beams. The gravity system consists of 0.203 meter (8”) thick post-tensioned concrete flat slabs supported on reinforced concrete gravity columns and bearing walls.

The paper presents the results of analysis of the building by nonlinear response history procedures in 475 and 2,475 year return period seismic events using Perform3D[2] and LS-DYNA[3] software. The significance of modelling assumptions – including the influence of the flexural stiffness of the floor slabs, and the way in which the core is modelled- are also discussed.

A key finding is that the Code approach underestimates the shear demand on the building by a substantial factor. This may invalidate the plastic rotation demand at the base of the core as the system behavior will be most likely dominated by shear. Hence, it is suspected that significantly reduced base shear response in Code design base earthquake (DBE) analysis may lead to designs which would likely fall short of satisfying ‘Life Safety’ objective for DBE even in cases where a dual system is utilized since stiffness of the rigid core and flexible moment frame systems will differ significantly.
Multi Mapping in Condition Assessment of three City Bridges
Authors: Wawrusiewicz Aleksander
Published: October 2011

The conception of the unified presentation of reinforced concrete bridges tests results realized implementing varying diagnostic methods is presented in the paper. The Multi Mapping procedure comprises maps charting for the investigated surfaces incorporating corrosive state of reinforcement, concrete strength, the range of carbonation, the thickness of concrete cover, the contents of chlorides, the permeability of concrete cover etc. Maps created on the same base are more precisely outlining existing deterioration factors. The overlapping of these maps will enable to specify the areas requiring special diagnostic control, or estimation of complex hazards of structure durability.

The case study presented in the paper shows results of Multi Mapping investigations done on three similar concrete bridges, located in the same city and on the same river.
Target proof load determination for bridge capacity assessment
Authors: David Gómez Juan , Casas Joan Ramon
Published: October 2011

Aging is a matter of increasing concern for most bridges that are part of the road and railway systems of the European Union. Many of these bridges are very old bridges and without documentation. A possible way to assess their capacity is by means of a proof load test.

Two main questions should be solved when facing the execution of such a test: a) Which is the target load level that the bridge should resist during the proof test to guarantee a predetermined service load with a required and appropriate safety level?, and b) When the increase of loading should stop in order to not damage the structure?

The answer to these questions is part of the task of the EC 6th Framework Programme European Project ARCHES (Assessment and Rehabilitation of Central European Highway Structures). In the project a methodology of proof load testing for existing bridges will be proposed. The paper extends the application of the proposed method described in a previous paper [1] to similar bridges with 20 and 30 meter span.

The final objective is to provide guidance of the most appropriate target proof load to be used based in very simple parameters of the bridge as span-length and percentage of heavy traffic.
New Technology for Cable-stayed Bridge Design of Zhanjiang Bay Crossing
Authors: Zhang Qiang , Gao Baofeng , Liu Chengyu , Liao Mujie
Published: October 2011

ZhanJiang Bay Crossing linking with the provincial expressway S373 in Guangdong is a major bridge crossing over Maxie Channel. The main Bridge is a composite cable-stayed bridge with double pylons, two cable planes and main span of 480m. The side span adopts concrete beam, while the remaining part of this bridge adopts steel box girder. Having two pylons of curved torch shape, streamline hollow steel box girder, and advanced collision protection structure for pylon foundations, this bridge has several technical breakthroughs in cable-stayed bridge design.

Zhanjiang Bay Bridge was commenced on July, 2003, completed and opened to traffic on December, 2006; the total project cost is about CNY 1.25 billion.

Several new technologies in terms of structural design, anti-collision of pylon, and health monitoring system of this bridge are introduced herein.
Strengthening Concrete columns in concrete condominium building
Authors: Zhang Tracy
Published: October 2011

This paper presents a live design of a new fourteen story luxury condominium building in Union City, New Jersey, USA. Because of a misreading of the design drawings, the contractor poured lower grades of concrete than designed for certain crucial columns. This resulted in about 12 columns being built with less than 85% of the design strength. To obtain the necessary in-place compressive strength of the built concrete columns, they were enlarged using a combination of surface doweling and form-and-pump installation techniques.
Tests and Inspection for German Bridges with stay cables using prestressing strands according to fib-recommendation
Authors: Glaeser Christian , Zilch Konrad
Published: October 2011

In the past all large stay cable bridges in Germany were built with locked wire ropes [1]. For a new project, Ziegelgraben-Bridge crossing the “Strelasound”, the contract award also had allowed offers with stay cables using prestressing strands for tendering. Resulting from the good experience with this bridge a second bridge project with stay cables using prestressing strands, a bridge crossing the river Rhine near Wesel, was charged. Since no supplier had a general approval for these strand stay cables many tests according to the newfib-recommendation had been required [2] [3]. Before executing the bridges with stay cables using prestressing strands special requirements for the life time of the bridge were defined to ensure the durability and sustainability of the structure. The exchangeability of a stay cable as well as of a single strand has to be possible.

The stay cables of the bridge crossing the Strelasund were installed without mishap. For the Rhine-bridge the tests are finished. Since June 2007 the cables have been installed.
Ductility Increasing for Concrete Columns. Experimental Results
Authors: Cosmin Daescu Alexandru
Published: October 2011

The research program presented here contains a short theoretical and experimental study upon the reinforced concrete columns retrofitted using composite materials. The aim is to clarify some of the aspects regarding the ductility of these types of elements. One part of the study is that it aims to establish the type of interaction between two methods of retrofitting, namely in bending and by confinement. The actual codes present only the computational methods for each individual situation, but not for the superposition of the two retrofitting methods.
Anti-Slip Test of Main Cable Against Saddle of Three Pylon Suspension Bridge
Authors: Ji Lin , Chen Ce , Feng Zhaoxiang
Published: October 2011

Taizhou Yangtze River Highway Bridge is proposed to adopt three pylon suspension bridge designs. To figure out slip behavior of main cable against saddle for middle pylon under given circumstance, Jiangsu Provincial Yangtze River Highway Bridge Construction Commanding Department(J.P.C.D.) takes initiative to carry out study on slip resistance of main cable against saddle. This test simulate true contact between strands, wires as well as strand and saddle groove. Moreover, this test uses contact compression stress identical to the actual bridge to truly reflect slip behavior of main cable against saddle for middle pylon in three pylon suspension bridges.
US 20 Arch over the Mississippi River
Authors: Cassity Patrick
Published: October 2011

Very few long span tied arch bridges have been built recently in the U.S. due to concerns regarding redundancy of the structural system and the fact that cable-stayed systems are typically more economical. However, tied arch systems can be developed that ensure sufficient redundancy and improve cost competitiveness. One such example is the new US 20 bridge. The new bridge is over 1700 meters long with a 258 meter main span. It will carry eastbound US 20 over the Mississippi River between Dubuque, Iowa and East Dubuque, Illinois. The existing two lane bridge will remain in place to carry westbound traffic. This paper will focus on the new materials and technologies that were implemented to meet the redundancy, durability and constructability requirements of the project.
Composite Behavior of Concrete Filled Tube with Large Width-Thickness Ratio of Steel Plate
Authors: Tsunokake Hisao , Kobayashi Yasunori , Yamada Yoshihiro , Ohuchi Hajime
Published: October 2011

Present study is to investigate mechanical behavior of concrete filled steel tube members (CFT) with thinner steel plate than specified in considering practical application to either new or strengthening existing members. Asymmetric four-point static loading test have been conducted for beam type specimens with a square cross section. Test parameters were shear-span ratios of 1.0 to

2.0 and steel tube width-thickness ratios of 65 to 200. Three dimensional nonlinear finite element analyses have been also conducted for test results. Flexural mode failure has been observed for shear span ratio of 2 and shear mode failure for that of 1 in good agreement with analytical results respectively.
General Design of Airport Road Yaojiang Bridge in Ningbo
Authors: Wang Rengui , Wu Weisheng , Meng Fanchao , Lin Daojin
Published: October 2011

Ningbo has grown into one of the four international deepwater harbours in China. For its continued development and to provide a link between the main town and the north of the city, also enhance the regional economic development by connecting to the northern coastal link with Shanghai, a plan was developed for the construction of a vehicular bridge across Yao Jiang River along the Airport Road. This Airport Road Yaojiang Bridge has dual four lanes and side pedestrian walkways and spans the river at a location where it is approximately 250m wide.

Bridge design has become an art, moving out of the traditional framework of common bridge forms to reflect the client's desire for landmark structures. By working closely with an Architectural team, a bridge of striking appearance and simplicity has been achieved. To achieve this, the design team proposed a modified fan cable-stayed bridge with twin off-set pylons of 128m high. Its appearance reflects the City's culture and history but also ties in with the City's new international image. This asymmetric structure has also provided an exciting challenge to the Design Engineers. This paper describes the bridge design from conceptual design to the detailed design, including major technical standard, physical conditions of the bridge site, overall design of the Project Bridge in particular for the consideration of aesthetics, buildability and structural stability.
Offsite/Accelerated Construction of a Busy Interchange Bridge
Authors: Thorat Abhay , Bailey Christopher
Published: October 2011

Parsons Brinckerhoff, Inc. is designing the replacement of a busy urban interchange structure over Interstate 4 (I-4) in the Orlando metro area for the Florida Department of Transportation (Florida DOT). The interchange structure carries nine lanes of traffic, and a quarter million vehicles pass through the interchange daily. PB incorporated accelerated bridge construction techniques, such as off-site construction and transportation using self-propelled modular transporters (SPMTs), in the design to reduce the construction schedule and traffic disruptions. This will be the first time these innovative techniques are used to replace a busy urban interchange structure in Florida.
Research on location control of GPS in Super high-rise building construction
Authors: Guo Yunkai , Peng Dongli , Dong Shengguang
Published: October 2011

The transforming of survey datum and the control of axis, vertical level, and elevation are of great importance on controlling quality of high-rise building construction. In order to maintain project quality and construction efficiency, to improve the efficiency of survey position and observing precision, also to explore the more scientific and faster method in survey position of constructions, this dissertation systematically elaborates the base principles in using GPS technology on high-rise building construction, putting forth the base method in the design of technology, operation, data processing, and error analysis etc, when GPS technology is used in high rise building construction.
And then it is proved by using this technology in the project of Construction Bank building of Xiamen.
Creative Design of Earthquake Resistant Tall Building Structures and Bridge Structures
Authors: Rosko Peter
Published: October 2011

The design concept of earthquake-resistant structures is presented. The response of the structure
under dynamic loading is interpreted on the base of modal analysis. Some modes are not dangerous
for the safety of the structure and it is advantageous, when the big portion of the input energy is
related to these modes. Modal shapes are connected to stiffness- and mass-distribution of the
structure. The main idea is to optimize the stiffness- and mass-distribution in the structure
considering the desired mode shapes. The structural topology optimization is applied. Mathematical
tools of the optimization are sensitivity analysis and evolutionary procedures. Useful applications
are shown in examples of tall building structures and bridge structures.
Against the Fake Empire: Utopia, Dystopia, Apocalypticism in Baudrillard's Late Works
Authors: Featherstone Mark
Published: October 2011

In this review essay I explore three of Baudrillard's late works, Why Hasn't everything Already disappeared?, The Agony of Power, and Carnival and Cannibal, and explain how they represent his final word on the notion of integral reality and the intelligence of evil. Expanding upon the theory developed in The Intelligence of Evil or the Lucidity Pact, I begin with Why Hasn't Everything Already Disappeared? and show how Baudrillard explains the emergence of globalized integral reality in the disappearance of the world in a blizzard of signification and simulation. But Baudrillard's thesis is that this process of disappearance is never complete and that power can never completely abolish reality. This is the core thesis of The Agony of Power, which explains that global power is fatally compromised by the essential duality or reversibility of the real, and that the hell of integral reality is ironically represented by the very moment of its apparent completion. It is this paradox, the paradox at the heart of power, which ensures that integral reality, a world of satisfaction and self-identity, is never a utopia where we want for nothing, but rather a dystopia of despair, obsolescence, and nothingness. In the final text under consideration in this review, Carnival and Cannibal, Baudrillard extends this analysis of the dual form of globalization through a discussion of the process of cannibalization and the carnivalesque that informs the fatal struggle between integral reality and the evil of the event. Given the fatality of the bind between the carnival and cannibal, which means that integral reality is always likely to remain in power, I conclude by reflecting upon Baudrillard's apocalypticism that promises an end to the fake empire of simulation and the return of the real.
Stereoselective Synthesis of Dialkyl 2-(Dialkoxyphosphoryl)-3-(3,5-Dioxo-4-Phenyl-[1,2,4]Triazolidin-1-yl) Succinates
Authors: Mohebat Razieh , Moghaddam Mahtab Iravani , Motlagh Ramin Askari , Hassanabadi Alireza , Kalami-Yazdi Masoud
Published: October 2011

The reaction of dialkyl acetylenedicarboxylates with the N–H acid 4-phenyl-[1,2,4]triazolidine-3,5-dione in the presence of trialkyl(aryl) phosphites at reflux temperature led to the title phosphonato ester derivatives. The configurations of the compounds were determined (2R*, 3S* and mirror image) using the coupling constants and the Karplus equation.
Solvent-Free Synthesis of 1,2,3,4-Tetrasubstituted Pyrroles from Enaminones and β-Nitrostyrenes
Authors: Yavari Issa , Ghazvini Maryam , Aminkhani Ali
Published: October 2011

A simple synthesis of 1,2,3,4-tetrasubstituted pyrrole derivatives from the reaction of enaminones with β-nitrosty-renes, under solvent-free conditions, is described.
Structural and Photoluminescent Investigations on a Zinc Porphyrin
Authors: Chen Wen-Tong , Luo Zhi-Gang , Liu Jiu-Hui , Chen Hua-Long , Kuang Han-Mao
Published: October 2011

The first crystalline TPPS complex [Zn(en)TPPS][Zn(en)3] (where en is ethylenediamine and TPPS is tetraphenylporphyrin tetrasulfonic acid) has been synthesised via a solvothermal reaction and structurally characterised by a single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Zn(en)TPPS][Zn(en)3 has discrete [Zn(en)TPPS]2– and [Zn(en)3]2+ moieties, which are interconnected via hydrogen bonds to form a three-dimensional supramolecular framework that possesses a large void space (1507.6 Å3) corresponding to 22.5% of the unit-cell volume. The UV-Vis spectrum and photoluminescence have also been studied in detail.
New Chiral Sulfonamide Ligands Derived from L-proline for Catalytic Enantioselective Cyclopropanation
Authors: Xiao-hua Shi , Cun Li , Zhao Jin , Cai-rong Zhou , Deng-gao Jiang
Published: October 2011

Cyclopropanes are important synthetic targets and intermediates. A series of L-proline derivatives as chiral ligands for the cyclopropanation reaction are reported here. The enantioselective cyclopropanation of cinnamyl alcohol has been accomplished with diethyl zinc and diiodomethane in the presence of chiral sulfonamides derived from L-proline and L-proline esters.
Green Synthesis of Chromen-2-One Derivatives Catalysed by L-Proline
Authors: Shi Chunling , Shi Da-Qing
Published: October 2011

A series of chromen-2-one derivatives was synthesised by the reaction of 4-hydroxy-6-methyl-2H-pyran-2-one with substituted 2-hydroxybenzaldehydes catalysed by L-proline. This protocol has the advantages of easy workup mild reaction conditions and high yields.
Synthesis of 4-[4-(3-Pyridinyl)Imidazol-1-Yl]-1-Butylamine
Authors: Cao Zhiling , Liu Bing , Liu Weiwei , Yao Guowei , Li Hongxia , Zou Ting
Published: October 2011

4-[4-(3-pyridinyl)imidazol-1-yl]-1-butylamine, the side chain of telithromycin, is used for the synthesis of novel ketolide antibiotics. The key step in synthesising 4-[4-(3-pyridinyl)imidazol-1-yl]-1-butylamine involves the HBr-induced DMSO oxidation of 3-acetylpyridine to 3-pyridylglyoxal, which was not isolated but transformed directly into 4-(3-pyridyl)imidazole by a Debus reaction with ammonia and formaldehyde.
Synthesis of Dibenzo[b,e][1,4]Diazepine Derivatives
Authors: El-Shaieb Kamal M. , Hassan Alaa A. , Abdel-Aal Amal S.
Published: October 2011

The reaction of ( Z)-2-amino- N‘-arylbenzamidines with both 2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyano-1,4-benzoquinone and 2,3,5,6-tetrachloro-1,4-benzoquinone have been studied. The reactions were carried at room temperature overnight in dry ethyl acetate and proceed via a charge transfer complexe to give dibenzo[ b,e][1,4]diazepine derivatives in 35–44% yield. Benzodiazepine derivatives have anti-inflammatory, antiviral, antimicrobial, antileukaemic, antiplatelet, anticonvulsant, antianxiety, antidepressive and antitumour activities. The products were fully characterised according to their spectral analyses.
Evidence towards a thermal lag in the response of Kårsaglaciären, northern Sweden, to climate change
Authors: Rippin David M. , Carrivick Jonathan L. , Williams Christopher
Published: October 2011

Recent topographical and ground-penetrating radar (GPR) surveys of Kårsaglaciären, which is a small (<1 km2) and thin (<56 m) mountain glacier in Arctic Sweden, show that there are small areas of temperate ice in the lowermost part of the glacier. This is curious because we would expect such a small and thin glacier to have a fully cold ablation zone. Specifically, with our analyses of present glacier geometry and thickness and of the prevailing climate, we are unable to explain the presence of temperate ice within the snout of Kårsaglaciären using prevailing models of glacier thermal structure. This leads us to suggest that the presence of temperate ice within Kårsaglaciären is a remnant of a previous polythermal state that existed when the glacier was larger and thicker. Kårsaglaciären is thus out of synch with current geometry and climate and is exhibiting a ‘thermal lag’. We propose that, with time, Kårsaglaciären’s ablation zone and perhaps the entire glacier may well become fully cold as the temperate zone shrinks further. We anticipate that such a thermal lag is likely to be present within other Arctic glaciers. A thermal lag and an evolution to a fully cold thermal state have significant implications for the dynamic behaviour of small Arctic glaciers and for meltwater production from them.
Does the normal stress parallel to the sliding plane affect the friction of ice upon ice?
Authors: Fortt Andrew L. , Schulson Erland M.
Published: October 2011

Sliding experiments were performed at −10°C on smooth surfaces of freshwater columnar-grained S2 ice sliding against itself at a velocity of 8 × 10−4 m s−1, with the purpose of examining whether normal stress parallel to the sliding plane affects frictional resistance. This component of the stress tensor was varied (0.20–1.83 MPa) using a loading system operated under biaxial compression, by orienting the sliding plane at two different angles, 26° and 64°, with respect to the principal loading direction. Under these conditions, no evidence was found to indicate that the normal stress in the direction of sliding affects the friction coefficient.
The grounding zone of the Ross Ice Shelf, West Antarctica, from ice-penetrating radar
Authors: MacGregor Joseph A. , Anandakrishnan Sridhar , Catania Ginny A. , Winebrenner Dale P.
Published: October 2011

As ice streams flow into the Ross Ice Shelf, West Antarctica, their bed coupling transitions from weak to transient to zero as the ice goes afloat. Here we explore the nature of the bed across these crucial grounding zones using ice-penetrating radar. We collected several ground-based 2 MHz radar transects across the grounding zones of Whillans and Kamb Ice Streams and inferred bed-reflectivity changes from in situ measurements of depth-averaged dielectric attenuation, made possible by the observation of both primary and multiple bed echoes. We find no significant change in the bed reflectivity across either grounding zone. Combined with reflectivity modeling, this observation suggests that a persistent layer of subglacial water (>∼0.2 m) is widespread several kilometers upstream of the grounding zone. Our results are consistent with previous inferences of gradual grounding zones across this sector of the Ross Ice Shelf from airborne radar and satellite altimetry. Separately, the only clear bed-reflectivity change that we observed occurs ∼40 km downstream of the Kamb Ice Stream grounding zone, which we attribute to the onset of marine ice accretion onto the base of the ice shelf. This onset is much nearer to the grounding zone than previously predicted.
Numerical modeling of a gravity-driven instability of a cold hanging glacier: reanalysis of the 1895 break-off of Altelsgletscher, Switzerland
Authors: Faillettaz Jérome , Sornette Didier , Funk Martin
Published: October 2011

The Altels hanging glacier in Switzerland broke off on 11 September 1895. The ice volume of this catastrophic rupture was estimated as 4 × 106 m3, the largest icefall event ever observed in the Alps. However, the causes of this collapse are not entirely clear. Based on previous studies, we reanalyzed this break-off event, with the help of a new numerical model, initially developed by Faillettaz and others (2010) for gravity-driven instabilities. The simulations indicate that a break-off event is only possible when the basal friction at the bedrock is reduced in a restricted area, possibly induced by the storage of infiltrated water within the glacier. Further, our simulations reveal a two-step behavior: (1) a first quiescent phase, without visible changes, with a duration depending on the rate of change in basal friction; (2) an active phase with a rapid increase of basal motion over a few days. The general lesson obtained from the comparison between the simulations and available observations is that detectable precursors (crevasse formation and velocity increase) of the destabilization process of a hanging glacier, resulting from a progressive warming of the ice/bed interface towards a temperate regime, will appear only a few days prior to the break-off.
Microvascular Free Tissue Transfer at Chittagong Medical College Hospital - A Milestone
Authors: Ali MA , Siddiqui MAR , Khaled MS , Islam M , Parvin S
Published: October 2011

Introduction: A defect in any part of the body involving extensive soft tissue loss adversely affects the functional ability. With the advent of microvascular free tissue transfer in the reconstruction of large defects, the problem is going to be solved. However, studies are still going on about the different aspects of its success and failure. The present study is one such step to share our early experience.Methods: The study was carried out in the Department of Plastic Surgery, Chittagong Medical College Hospital from August 2009 to April 2010. We reviewed the operative experiences of free tissue transfer on 5 cases. Standard microvascular anastomotic techniques as well as peroperative & postoperative heparinization were maintained in all the cases. Follow up results were evaluated at varying periods following standard protocol.Results: Of the 5 cases reconstructed, 4(80%) had lesions in the maxillofacial region and 1(20%) in the ankle region. In terms of diseases they suffered, 3(60%) had squamous cell carcinoma and 2(40%) sustained mechanical injury. The outcome of treatment demonstrates that 3(60%) cases recovered uneventfully, one developed slight loss of sensation on the left thumb (20%) and another one failed to recover (20%).Conclusion: In this study successful microvascular free tissue transfer was possible in 80% cases. With the increase in experience we can expect increased success rate as well.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bdjps.v1i1.6485Bangladesh Journal of Plastic Surgery (2010) Vol. 1 (1) pp.3-8
Reconstruction of Heel: Options and Strategies
Authors: Kalam MA , Faruquee SR , Rahman SA , Uddin HN
Published: October 2011

Soft tissue loss at the weight bearing part of heel is frequently caused by trauma, infection, tumor and burn. Reconstruction becomes a challenge due to limitation of available similar or near similar tissues. Sensation of weight bearing heel is an important consideration prior to reconstruction, also the intact Posterior Tibial arterial blood flow, which becomes the dominant artery for the sole of the foot. We have done heel reconstruction of 30 patients with the Medial Plantar Island flap and 50 patients with Superficial Sural Island flap. Results were very much encouraging in terms of flap survival, durability of coverage and functional outcome. Twenty nine cases of Medial Plantar Island flap survived with excellent weight-bearing function. Among the Medial Plantar Island flap group one flap was lost due to vascular insufficiency in a diabetic patient. All the 50 cases (100%) of Superficial Sural Island flap survived without any flap loss. These flaps need about two years time for adaptive changes to become a smooth weight bearing heel. During this period the reconstructed heel needs to be supported by heel pad or modified shoes. Our study has shown that Medial Plantar Island flap and Superficial Sural Island flap are the two armamentarium for reconstruction of the weight-bearing heel in about all cases of heel defects with excellent to better reconstructive and functional outcome.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bdjps.v1i1.6487Bangladesh Journal of Plastic Surgery (2010) Vol. 1 (1) pp.14-18
Eggplant shoot and fruit borer leucinodes orbonalis guénee male moth catch in sex pheromone trap with special reference of lure elevation and IPM
Authors: Mazumder F , Khalequzzaman M
Published: October 2011

Context: Female pheromone attracts the male eggplant shoot and fruit borer. The pheromone lure could be used in catching male adults to control this pest population in eggplant fields.Objectives: To study the efficacy of sex pheromone (lure) on the male moth catch of eggplant shoot and fruit borer (ESFB) Leucinodes orbonalis Guenée, shoot and fruit destruction and fruit yield in the control, IPM operated fields and farmer’s fields.   Materials and Methods: For pheromone trap operation the experiments were done in four sites of the Rajshahi City. For IPM strategy two sites were selected in Paba upozilla. Pheromone traps were operated with the lure combination of 100:1 of E11-16: Ac and E11-16: OH. The trap consisted of a 3-liter capacity, 22-cm tall rectangular or round clear plastic container. A triangular hole is cut in any two opposite sides starting 3 to 4 cm from the bottom. The traps were randomly assigned in the study plots and installed with the help of bamboo stick. Sex pheromone trap height from ground level in the field was standardization for best trapping efficiency. For this traps were placed at 0.5 m and 1 m high above the ground in the field. In both cases control fields (without insecticide) of the same size were used in the experiments.   Results: The number of ESFB males in ten trap catches were 1.7 to 4.5 with a mean number of 3.26 ± 0.32, 8.49 ± 0.36, 5.20 ± 0.24 and 14.95 ± 0.34 catch/trap in the Fields 1,2,3 and 4 respectively. The average moth catch per trap was 1.76 ± 0.56 and 4.54 ± 0.94 in the 0.5 and 1 m lure respectively. The damaged shoot was 19.34 ± 2.31% at 0.5 m lure height, whereas at 1m height no damaged shoot was recorded. A damaged fruit was recorded as 29.74 ±1.87% and 14.47 ± 2.29% with the fruit yield in q/ha was 176.58 ± 6.38% and 232.56 ± 6.63% at the 0.5 and 1m lure height plots respectively. When no trap was operated in the eggplant fields the shoot damage, fruit damage and fruit yield were 3.48%, 31.15% and 13.70 kg/100m2 respectively in the non-IPM blocks. On the otherhand they were 1.56%, 10.66% and 27.54 kg/100m2 in the IPM blocks respectively.   Conclusion: The sex pheromones which have been extensively studied and already are in management programmes should be fine tuned to improve their efficacy in totality in an Integrated Pest Management Programme on the basis of feedback from the extension workers, and farmers.   Key words: pheromone; Eggplant; Leucinodes orbonalis; IPM DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbs.v18i0.8768 JBS 2010; 18(0): 10-15
The population growth of macrobrachium lamarrei (H M Edwards) on different conditions
Authors: Anjuman A Ara , Mannan MA , Parween Selina
Published: October 2011

Context: Bottom condition and aquatic plants of the water bodies play important roles on the population growth of Macrobrachium lamarrei.   Objective: To study the effects of different bottoms and aquatic vegetations on the population growth of Macrobrachium lamarei.   Materials and Methods: Brood stocks of M. lamarrei were maintained in mini ponds, and they were fed in 24h with supplemental diets. For observing the effect of bottom condition on the prawn population three tanks (each 32"x36"x21"with a constant water depth of 16") were prepared: tank I, cemented bottom with no vegetation; tank II, muddy bottom and with water hyacinth and tank III, sandy-muddy bottom (2:1) with water hyacinth. To study the effect of aquatic plants on the population separate four tanks were prepared with sandy-muddy bottom (1:1) and subsequently with different vegetations. These were: tank I with Ipomea, tank II with Alternanthera, tank III with Eichornia, Ipomea, Alternanthera, Wolffia and Lemna, tank IV with Wolffia and Lemna. M. lamarrei of both sexes (N = 40-55) were released in each tank depending on the experimental type. Number of prawns of different stages was counted after 3 and 6 months to determine the effect of bottom condition, and after 3, 6 9 and 12 months to record the effect of aquatic plants.   Results: M. lamarrei was found to prefer sandy-muddy bottom than cemented or muddy bottoms. The total population was recorded after six months as 760 (tank I), 1018 (tank II) and 1542 (tank III) where the initial number of released prawns was 55. Aquatic vegetations affected the population growthdifferently. After 12 months the total population was recorded as 2590 (tank I), 3416 (tank II), 1360 (tank III) and 1580 (tank IV). Population of M. lamarrei was maximum when Alternanthera (Santi sak) was present.   Conclusion: The results provide baseline information for establishing culture system for M. lamarrei and related smaller species of this genus simultaneously.   Keywords: Bottom condition; aquatic vegetation; population; Macrobrachium lamarrei. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbs.v18i0.8777 JBS 2010; 18(0): 60-65
Leaf blade and midrib anatomy of two sugarcane cultivars of Bangladesh
Authors: Joarder N , Roy AK , Sima SN , Parvin K
Published: October 2011

Context: Kranz anatomy of locally developed sugarcane cultivars were studied in relation to C4 vascular arrangement.   Objective: The objective of this study was to make gross cross-sectional anatomy and quantitative assessment of the anatomic traits of the leaf-blade and midrib of the sugarcane cultivars.   Materials and Methods: Leaf blade and leaf sheath of two sugarcane cultivars Ishurdi 20 and Ishurdi 32 were used as the materials. Free hand section with appropriate stain were used. Sections were studied using an advanced biological system microscope fitted with motic camera. Anatomic traits were studied through motic image plus J 1.0 software using Macintosh computer.   Results: Three sized vascular bundles and significant differences in distance between those vascular bundles were noted. Ishurdi 32 possessed two sized vascular bundles. Large vascular bundles characters by two large metaxylem vessels on either side of protoxylem. Phloem well developed. Intermediate and small bundles lack metaxylem vessels and protoxylem, but have metaphloem with thick and thin walled sieve tubes. Bundle sheaths have extended to upper and lower epidermis but for small bundle it is extended to abaxial epidermis. Vascular bundles are almost completely surrounded by chlorenchymatous bundle sheath and associated with hypodermal sclerenchyma on both abaxially and adaxially except small blade bundles which associated with the abaxial sclerenchyma. Bundle sheath cells were smaller in large and larger in other two types of vascular bundle. An inner mestome sheath with thickened walls is always present round the phloem and metaxylem around all or part of the xylem in large and intermediate bundles. In small bundles mestome sheath is altogether absent. Bulliform cells with varied area were present on the adaxial epidermis opposite to small vascular bundles. Midrib anatomy consists of central large vascular bundles lacking bundle sheath cells pushed deep inside parenchymatous hypodermis from abaxial hypodermal sclerenchyma girders. Lack of Kranz traits, and bundle sheath cells have transformed into sclerenchymatous bundle cover. Central mid-rib large bundle flanked by 3-10 small bundles on either side of midrib which have Kranz system of anatomy. Midrib region have continuous hypodermis consists of sclerenchyma cells and it is few layer (Ishurdi 32) to multilayer (Ishurdi 20).   Conclusion: Kranz system with well developed bundle sheath associated with Kranz mesophil in the leaf blade were observed but Kranz tissue absent in midrib region. Large and small vascular bundles alternate all alone the leaf blade. Bulliform cell well develop indicates zeric adaptation. Two cultivars differ in respect of quantitative expression of Kranz tissue.   Keywords: Sugarcane cultivar; Kranz tissue; bulliform cells; mestome sheath. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbs.v18i0.8778 JBS 2010; 18(0): 66-73
Assessment of haematological, serum biochemical and histopathological effects of subchronic dietary fumonisin b1 in rats
Authors: Gbore FA , Ologundudu A , Arowosegbe AO , Ologun TM , Jolade FA , Saliu I
Published: October 2011

Context: Fumonisin B1 (FB1), a mycotoxin produced by Fusarium verticillioides and other Fusarium species that grow on maize worldwide, has been documented to cause various physiological responses in animals. Consumption of lesser amounts of fumonisins at levels below those that cause overt toxicity may exert haematological, serum biochemical and/or histopathological effects in animals.   Objective: The effects of dietary FB1 on haematology, serum biochemistry and histopathology were assessed in female Wistar rats in a short-term toxicity study.   Materials and Methods: Thirty-nine mature female Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) weighing between 167.5 – 170.5 g were used in the study. The rats were assigned to diets containing 0.2, 10.0 and 20.0 mg FB1/kg constituting diets 1, 2 and 3, respectively. After 14 days of feeding, blood samples were obtained from four rats per treatment. The rats were sacrificed by cervical dislocation, eviscerated for organ collections and subsequently processed for histology.   Results: Significant differences in feed consumption and body weight gains were not observed. The final live weight of the rats, however, seemed to decline with an increase in dietary FB1 levels. Significant (P<0.05) alterations were observed in the haematological and serum biochemical parameters with increasing levels of dietary FB1. Diets containing different FB1 concentrations, the decreased values of PCV, Hb, erythrocyte and monocyte counts could be attributed to the FB1 effects on the blood-forming tissues in animals placed on diets 2 and 3 as compared to those fed diet 1. Also, histopathological changes were observed in the livers, kidneys, spleens and hearts of rats fed diets 2 and 3.   Conclusion: This study revealed that the No-observable adverse effect level (NOAEL) of dietary FB1 above which may cause significant physiological changes without overt toxicity for short-term toxicity study in female Wistar rats is <0.74 mg/kg bw per day.   Keywords: Blood; Rat; Mycotoxin; Fusarium verticillioides; Fumonisin B1; Histopathology. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbs.v18i0.8779 JBS 2010; 18(0): 74-83
Antibacterial activity in the leaves of seven bitter medicinal plants of Bangladesh
Authors: Molla MTH , Ahsan MS , Alam MT , Haque ME
Published: October 2011

Context: Development of resistance in human pathogens against conventional antibiotic necessitates searching indigenous medicinal plants having antibacterial property. Seven medicinal plants used actively in folklore, ayurvedic and traditional system of medicine were selected for the evaluation of their antimicrobial activity for this study.   Objectives: Evaluation of the effectiveness of some medicinal plant extracts against four Gram-positive and five Gram-negative bacteria.  Materials and Methods: The antibacterial activity of the crude ethanolic extracts obtained from the leaves of seven medicinal plants; viz., Andrographis paniculata, Catharanthus roseus, Adhatoda vasica, Vitex vegundo, Aloe vera, Flacortia ramontchi and Nyctanthes arbortristis were tested against nine bacteria at concentrations of 300-, 400- and 500 μg/ml. Standard antibiotic disc kanamycin (30μg/ml) was used for comparison. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of ethanolic extracts of the leaves of these medicinal plants were determined by testing the extracts on four Gram-positive and five Gram-negative bacteria by serial tube dilution method.   Results: All the extracts have notable antimicrobial activities against the test organisms. The ethanolic extracts of the leaves showed the highest antimicrobial activities against Bacillus megaterium and Shigella dysenteriae for An. paniculata, Ad. vasica and Al. vera; Bacillus subtilis and Salmonella typhi for C. roseus and N. arbortristis; Staphylociccus aureus and Salmonella typhi for V. vegundo; and Bacillus subtilis and Shigella sonnei for F. ramontchi respectively. The extract of the plants had MIC values ranging from 32 to 128 mg/ml. All plant extracts showed no MIC against Shigella shiga and against Sarcina lutea only C. roseus showed MIC 128 mg/ml.   Conclusion: The results revealed that the ethanolic extracts of the plants under present investigation have notable antimicrobial activities.   Keywords: medicinal plants; antimicrobial screening; MIC; bacteria. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbs.v18i0.8788 JBS 2010; 18(0): 128-133
Allelopathic effect of argemone mexicana L. On germination and seedling growth characteristics of lentil (lens culinaris)
Authors: Paul NK , Begum N
Published: October 2011

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbs.v18i0.8791JBS 2010; 18(0): 146-147
Leisure in old age: disciplinary practices surrounding the discourse of active ageing
Authors: Marhánkova Jaroslava Hasmanová
Published: October 2011

In the 1990s, the World Health Organization adopted the term ’’active ageing’’, which currently represents a key vision of old age in Western societies facing the situation of demographic ageing. The meaning of the idea of active ageing is based on the concept of individuals actively and systematically influencing the conditions of their ageing through selfresponsibility and self-care. The aim of this article is to map how the idea of active ageing is constructed and the implications it presents with regard to the way in which seniors relate to their experience of old age. It concentrates on a specific segment of senior-oriented social services (centres for seniors that offer leisure time activities and educational courses) that represent an institutional context for the manifestation of the discourse of active ageing. A three-year ethnographic study was conducted in two such centres in the Czech Republic. The article focuses on various strategies for the disciplining of the ageing body. It points out that these disciplinary practices are an integral part of the daily running of the centres and that the seniors who intensively engage in them have internalised the idea of an active lifestyle as the most desirable lifestyle in old age. Active ageing was constructed by them as a project that must be worked on. Through the ’’technologies of self’’ embedded in the imperative of the necessity to move or do something, they participate in the production of the discourse of active ageing as a form of discipline of the body. At the same time, the article outlines how the idea of active ageing as the ’’correct’’ form of ageing influences the self-conception of these seniors and their attitudes towards ageing and their peers.
Chiara Saraceno (ed.) (2008). Families, Ageing and Social Policy: Intergenerational Solidarity in European Welfare States. Cheltenham, UK & Northampton, MA, USA: Edward Elgar Publishing, 336 pp. ISBN 978 1 84720 648 0 (hardback)
Authors: Carney Gemma
Published: October 2011

Not Available.
Julia Johnson, Sheena Rolph and Randall Smith (2010). Residential Care Transformed: Revisiting ’The Last Refuge’. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 272 pp. ISBN: 978 0 230 0242 9 (hardback)
Authors: Weicht Bernhard
Published: October 2011

Not Available.