bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Study of the Effectiveness of Web‐Based Homework in Teaching Undergraduate Business Statistics
Authors: Palocsay Susan W. , Stevens Scott P.
Published: July 2008

Web‐based homework (WBH) Technology can simplify the creation and grading of assignments as well as provide a feasible platform for assessment testing, but its effect on student learning in business statistics is unknown. This is particularly true of the latest software development of Web‐based tutoring agents that dynamically evaluate individual students' skill level and purport to respond with appropriate, targeted teaching to improve learning efficiency. In this article, we compare traditional, textbook‐based homework assignments with three systems of WBH for undergraduate business statistics courses: ALEKS, PH Grade Assist, and custom‐made online quizzes in Blackboard. These systems represent a range of media from artificial intelligence–based tutoring to instructor‐controlled objective testing. Using a common assessment test, we compare the performance of students taught with these different systems. Our study finds, as we anticipated, that student performance depends significantly upon teacher experience and student academic competence. Once these factors are controlled for, however, the technique used to deliver homework makes little difference in student success. In contrast to other published research, we do not find any advantage to automated tutoring and identify some limitations of this approach based on both instructor and student feedback.
Trade‐Offs, Biases, and Uncertainty in Project Planning and Execution: A Problem‐Based Simulation Exercise
Authors: Smith‐Daniels Dwight E. , Smith‐Daniels Vicki L.
Published: July 2008

The ability to plan and execute projects is a fundamental skill required among managers and business school graduates. In the opening phase of a project, the project team makes decisions about the relative priority of project time, cost, and performance objectives, oftentimes without complete information about customer and stakeholder requirements. Existing project management curriculum assists in developing skills to decide among these priorities in the abstract through paradigms such as the time–cost–performance triangle, with limited attention to the improvement of skills required to develop solutions to these trade‐offs, particularly in uncertain and ambiguous project environments. Further, there is often an underlying bias in project teams toward consideration of the project task and project deliverables and reduced attention to time and cost objectives. This study demonstrates the benefits of a balanced approach to setting project time, cost, and performance objectives using a goal‐based simulation exercise entitled “The Bridge to Project Leadership.” Results for 124 project teams illustrate the tendency to ignore this balanced approach, resulting in reduced project performance, even among experienced project managers.
An Evaluation of Factors Regarding Students’ Assessment of Faculty in a Business School*
Authors: Peterson Richard L. , Berenson Mark L. , Misra Ram B. , Radosevich David J.
Published: July 2008

Student faculty ratings are used at most institutions of higher learning for three important reasons. First, the ratings provide direct feedback to the faculty, and this enables faculty to adjust their teaching styles. Second, the ratings provide the administration with information intended to assist in guiding and mentoring faculty toward more effective pedagogical performance in the classroom. Third, the ratings also provide the administration with information to be used in the reappointment, tenure, and promotion processes, as well as for assignment of salary range adjustments and teaching awards. To be of real value, however, all of this is predicated on the use of a valid and reliable faculty‐rating instrument along with a system designed to provide both the faculty and the administration with norming reports that allow for appropriate comparisons of ratings. This article reports such a study conducted within a large department of a business school and recommends that the process used be adapted by other business school departments and other academic units across the university and at other universities to ensure a more universally appropriate usage of students’ ratings.
Mixture Generalized Linear Models for Multiple Interval Mapping of Quantitative Trait Loci in Experimental Crosses
Authors: Chen Zehua , Liu Jianbin
Published: July 2008

SummaryQuantitative trait loci mapping in experimental organisms is of great scientific and economic importance. There has been a rapid advancement in statistical methods for quantitative trait loci mapping. Various methods for normally distributed traits have been well established. Some of them have also been adapted for other types of traits such as binary, count, and categorical traits. In this article, we consider a unified mixture generalized linear model (GLIM) for multiple interval mapping in experimental crosses. The multiple interval mapping approach was proposed byKao, Zeng, and Teasdale(1999,Genetics152, 1203–1216) for normally distributed traits. However, its application to nonnormally distributed traits has been hindered largely by the lack of an efficient computation algorithm and an appropriate mapping procedure. In this article, an effective expectation–maximization algorithm for the computation of the mixture GLIM and an epistasis‐effect‐adjusted multiple interval mapping procedure is developed. A real data set,Radiata Pinedata, is analyzed and the data structure is used in simulation studies to demonstrate the desirable features of the developed method.
Solar Control Dispersions and Coatings With Rare‐Earth Hexaboride Nanoparticles
Authors: Takeda Hiromitsu , Kuno Hiroko , Adachi Kenji
Published: July 2008

Nanoparticle dispersions of rare‐earth hexaborides have been prepared using a media agitation mill and have been examined for optical properties. High visible light transmittance coupled with strong absorption in the near‐infrared (NIR) wavelengths suitable for solar control windows are reported for hexaboride nanoparticle dispersions with particle size dependence and the effect of artifacts. Nanoparticulate LaB6 shows the largest NIR absorption among rare‐earth hexaborides. NIR absorption is considered to arise from the free electron plasmon resonance. On decreasing the particle size below 120 nm, both visible light transmittance and NIR absorption are found to increase gradually until the size of 18–26 nm when they reach the maximum, and then decrease again at below 18 nm. Zirconia contamination and formation of lanthanum oxide were found to be involved during the milling process, leading to small additional absorptions around 300 and 650 nm, respectively.
Extraction of Misorientation Components from the Total Misorientation at Grain Boundaries using Electron Diffraction in a Y0.9Sm0.1Ba2Cu3O7 Film
Authors: Li Jing , Goyal Amit
Published: July 2008

Grain boundary (GB) misorientation determines the transport properties of REBa2Cu3O7 (REBCO) superconducting films (rare earth (RE)). In this study, the misorientation angles between the adjacent grains in a Y0.9Sm0.1Ba2Cu3O7 (YSBCO) epitaxial superconducting film on buffers performed via ion‐beam‐assisted deposition have been characterized using transmission electron microscopy. The in‐plane and out‐of‐plane misorientation at GBs and sub‐GBs has been separated from the total misorientation. Most of the GB misorientation angles are smaller than 5°, with the in‐plane component γ<3° and out‐of‐plane components α≤1° and β<2°. This study provided a relatively simplified, practical, and useful method for determination of GB misorientation angles and separation of the in‐plane and out‐of‐plane misorientation from the total misorientation for epitaxial REBCO superconducting films.
Members Only: Gated Communities and Residential Segregation in the Metropolitan United States1
Authors: Vesselinov Elena
Published: July 2008

Using the American Housing Survey for 2001 and Census 2000, I examine the link between gated communities and residential segregation. I hypothesize that gating and segregation are defined by similar mechanisms, thus reinforcing urban inequality in U.S. cities. The results, however, indicate a more complex relationship. On the one hand, there are common mechanisms behind the two processes: the pursuit of higher property values, fear of crime, and fear of increased social heterogeneity. An increase in percent recent immigrants leads to higher levels of both segregation and gating. On the other hand, factors such as region, percent black, percent Hispanic, percent college graduates, and functional specialization affect the two processes differentially. Although segregation is less pronounced and declining in the U.S. urban Southwest, gated communities are much more prominent there. The results challenge the notion that the declines in residential segregation in recent decades indicate social progress.
The Declining Significance of Delinquent Labels in Disadvantaged Urban Communities1
Authors: Hirschfield Paul J.
Published: July 2008

Labeling theory posits that formal sanctions contribute negative defining information to a youth’s reputation and that novice delinquents internalize these negative appraisals. Reflected appraisals and social rejection, in turn, reinforce delinquency. In the context of severely disadvantaged inner‐city communities—where arrests have become a normal and expected ritual of male adolescence, and official labelers and labels have less legitimacy—the alleged preconditions for a “labeling” effect of an arrest are generally not met. Retrospective, personal interviews with 20 minority youth (aged 18–20) from high‐poverty urban neighborhoods, who experienced at least one juvenile arrest, suggest that juvenile arrests typically carry little stigma and do little discernible harm to self‐concept or social relationships. Micro‐level labeling theory is an inadequate framework to understand the social impact of mass criminal justice intervention in inner‐city communities. Whereas the individual social psychological impact of the official labeling process has weakened, the mass criminalization of inner‐city African‐American youth has exacted collective costs in terms of social exclusion and diminished social expectations.
Socrates, Skinner, and Aristotle: Three Ways of Thinking About Culture in Action1
Authors: Vaisey Stephen
Published: July 2008

The cultural turn has been one of the major shifts in sociology over the last two decades. Though nearly everyone now agrees that culture matters, how it matters is not terribly clear. What, exactly, is culture supposed to do? In this essay, I articulate two ideal‐typical—though often implicit—ways most sociologists have thought about culture’s role in action. Although no single sociologist or piece of research fully embodies either ideal type, I believe they are real tendencies in the field that have real consequences for how research is designed, undertaken, and understood. After outlining these approaches, I subject them to an engagement with cognitive science. This is not out a desire for reductionism but, as I will show, because a crucial difference between these perspectives is their implicit model of how human beings perceive, acquire, store, retrieve, and act on the symbolic information that surrounds them every day. This exercise will lead to the conclusion that both perspectives are incomplete and will point toward a synthetic approach that can shed new light on how culture matters for action.
Comment on Stephen Vaisey’s “Socrates, Skinner, and Aristotle: Three Ways of Thinking About Culture in Action”
Authors: Swidler Ann
Published: July 2008

In this essay, I respond to Vaisey’s arguments on culture and cognition, noting our points of agreement and disagreement and posing new ideas for future research.
Time, Work, and Family Life: Reconceptualizing Gendered Time Patterns Through the Case of Children’s Organized Activities1
Authors: Lareau Annette , Weininger Elliot B.
Published: July 2008

This article considers the understudied phenomenon of children’s organized leisure as it relates to the division of labor in the family. Using both quantitative and qualitative data, we first ask whether the labor entailed by children’s organized leisure is divided evenly between mothers and fathers. Both data sets indicate that this is not the case, with the majority of the work falling to mothers; they also indicate that at least some employed mothers face a tradeoff between time devoted to paid work and time devoted to facilitating their children’s leisure. Subsequently, we consider key qualitative aspects of these leisure activities, including deadline sensitivity, authority over scheduling, and degree of predictability. These factors, we find, serve to exacerbate the inequity of the allocation of responsibility between mothers and fathers. We conclude by suggesting that organized leisure has become an important part of the familial landscape and thus warrants further attention. We also suggest that research on the gender division of labor would be enhanced in important ways by greater attention to qualitative dimensions of time use. Researchers should not simply assume that “an hour is an hour.”
Persistently raised C‐reactive protein levels are associated with advanced periodontal disease
Authors: Linden Gerard J. , McClean Kathy , Young Ian , Evans Alun , Kee Frank
Published: July 2008

Objective: The aim was to investigate whether there was an association between periodontitis or tooth loss in a homogeneous group of 60–70‐year‐old Western European men and either a sustained high or low level of C‐reactive protein (CRP).

Material and Methods: Men enrolled in a cohort study of cardiovascular disease in Northern Ireland were screened in 1990–1994 and rescreened in 2001–2004, when a periodontal examination was completed. High‐sensitivity CRP was measured from fasting blood samples. There were 806 men with six or more teeth who had either a high level (>3 mg/l) or a lower level of CRP at both time points. Multivariate analysis was carried out using logistic regression with adjustment for possible confounders. Models were constructed with the CRP level as the outcome variable and various measures of periodontal status (low and high threshold periodontitis) or tooth loss as predictor variables. Confounders included in the analysis were known cardiovascular risk factors of age, smoking, diabetes, BMI and socioeconomic status.

Results: There were 67 men who had a high value of CRP (>3 mg/l) and 739 men who had a CRP value 3 mg/l at both time points. The unadjusted odds ratio (OR) for advanced periodontitis to be associated with high CRP was 3.62, p=0.0003. The association was somewhat attenuated but remained significant (OR=2.49, p=0.02) after adjustment for confounders. A high level of tooth loss was also associated with high CRP with an adjusted OR of 2.17, p=0.008. Low threshold periodontitis was not associated with the level of CRP.

Conclusion: There was an association between advanced periodontitis and elevated CRP levels as measured at two time points at a 10‐year interval in the 60–70‐year‐old European males investigated. This association was adjusted for various cardiovascular risk factors. There was also an association between high levels of tooth loss and high CRP in the men studied.
Periodontal health status and smoking among young adults
Authors: Vered Yuval , Livny Alon , Zini Avi , Sgan‐Cohen Harold D.
Published: July 2008

Aim: Our aim was to evaluate the periodontal status and present smoking habits among a representative sample of young adult Israelis and to investigate possible associations.

Material and Methods: A representative sample of young adult Israelis was examined and interviewed on the day of release from compulsory military service. Collected data included demographic background (gender, education level, family size and father's country of origin) and current smoking habits. Clinical examination included the recording of periodontal health status according to the Community Periodontal Index (CPI).

Results: Seven thousand and fifty‐six young adults were examined. Sixteen per cent were classified as CPI 0, 78% as CPI 1–2 and 6% as CPI 3–4. In total, 36% of the sample reported a current smoking habit. Periodontal status was significantly improved among non‐smokers, females and children of fathers born in Israel or Western countries.

Conclusion: Only 7% of the participants demonstrated signs of periodontitis and most young adults did not smoke; a dose–response association was revealed between present smoking habits and periodontal disease.
Spiradenoma reminiscent of thymoma: report of a case and review of the literature
Authors: Levidou Georgia , Lazaris Andreas , Androulaki Athina
Published: July 2008

Background:  Spiradenoma (Sp) is a rare adnexal cutaneous tumor with a prominent vasculature. There are few reports in the literature suggesting that the majority of the cases contain perivascular spaces with numerous lymphocytes, a feature that is characteristic in thymus neoplasms. However, there is little information available about the nature and maturity of the lymphocytes comprising these spaces.

Methods:  We report a case of a Sp that presented as a palpable painless mass in a 45‐year‐old woman and had histological similarities with thymomas. Furthermore, we compare these two entities in detail, discussing the differences and possible similarities between them.

Results:  On histological grounds, the lesion consisted of epithelial lobules with prominent ductal differentiation admixed with conspicuous perivascular spaces containing numerous lymphocytes. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that perivascular spaces contained mostly T lymphocytes (CD3 positive), which in contrast with those seen in most thymomas were mature (CD99, CD1a and Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (Tdt) negative). A detailed comparison between Sps and thymomas shows that there exist several important clinicopathological and cytological differences between these two tumors.

Conclusions:  We suggest that the resemblance between Sps and thymomas is strictly architectural, and we raise some questions regarding the role of these perivascular spaces in tumor development.
Institutional Change and the Dynamics of Vice Presidential Selection
Authors: HILLER MARK , KRINER DOUGLAS
Published: July 2008

The influence of the vice presidency has expanded dramatically in recent years, yet scholars know surprisingly little about how presidential nominees choose their running mates and how the selection process has changed over time. This study argues that the confluence of two events—the McGovern‐Fraser reforms of the early 1970s and the exogenous shock of George McGovern's ill‐fated selection of Thomas Eagleton as his running mate in 1972—changed the factors driving running mate selection. Specifically, in the post‐1972 era, presidential nominees have looked less to traditional incentives such as ticket balancing and more toward governing experience to help them in the general election and, if they succeed, in the White House. We test a model with empirical data from 1940 to 2004.
The Contemporary Presidency: And We Will Know Their Greatness by the Trail of Controversy: Washington, Lincoln, and Franklin D. Roosevelt and Their Increasingly Contested Successors
Authors: GRENDSTAD GUNNAR
Published: July 2008

Presidential scholars hypothesize that presidential contestedness increases among recent presidents only because of unfinished research or within historical eras because of growing governing problems. Applying unused data from studies of scholarly assessments of presidential performance, this analysis disconfirms the recency hypothesis and confirms the era hypothesis. Presidential contestedness increases after each of the least contested presidents: George Washington, Abraham Lincoln, and Franklin D. Roosevelt. Uncontestedness is a hard act to follow.
The Law: Executive Power and Prosecution: Lessons from the Libby Trial and the U.S. Attorney Firings
Authors: HARRIGER KATY J.
Published: July 2008

The tensions between law and politics in the federal administration of justice are long‐standing and rooted in the expectation that the Department of Justice acts as both a presidential policy agency and an impartial prosecutor of federal crime. The investigation and trial of I. Lewis Libby by a special counsel (2003‐7) and the scandal over the firing of U.S. attorneys by the George W. Bush administration (2006‐7) demonstrate the challenges faced in trying to strike a balance between democratic accountability and the impartial administration of justice. Congressional and public confidence in the impartiality of the attorney general is the most important factor in managing these ever‐present tensions.
Polls and Elections: Southern Discomfort? Regional Differences in Voter Decision Making in the 2000 Presidential Election
Authors: HILLYGUS D. SUNSHINE , SHIELDS TODD
Published: July 2008

The South has undergone dramatic changes in population, economics, and partisanship in recent decades, leading scholars to conclude that the New South has lost many of its unique patterns of voting behavior. Using an extensive data set that contains sufficient sample sizes for regional comparisons, we estimate an interactive model of vote choice in the 2000 presidential election to compare the decision making of Southern and non‐Southern respondents. We find that the voting calculus of Southern voters remains distinct, particularly for those struggling with cross‐pressures between ideology and party identification. These findings have theoretical implications for general models of presidential voting behavior and practical relevance for understanding election outcomes and the future of party politics in the South.
If Everyone Had Voted, Would Bubba and Dubya Have Won?
Authors: SIDES JOHN , SCHICKLER ERIC , CITRIN JACK
Published: July 2008

Adapting and refining the approach used in earlier work on Senate elections, we simulate the impact of universal turnout on each presidential election from 1992 to 2004 and find little evidence that increased turnout would systematically transform partisan competition or policy outcomes. A state‐level analysis of exit polls and the Current Population Survey reveals considerable variability in the gap separating voters and nonvoters. In most cases, nonvoters are just slightly more Democratic than voters. However, a handful of states, such as Texas, consistently feature a large “partisan differential,” in which nonvoters come disproportionately from demographic groups that are more Democratic than voters. We find that universal turnout may well have tipped an extremely close election—such as that of 2000 or even 2004—into the Democratic column. But the partisan differential is generally small enough that universal turnout would only change the outcome of an already close contest rather than leading to a wholesale transformation of competitive dynamics.
Octaketide‐producing type III polyketide synthase from Hypericum perforatum is expressed in dark glands accumulating hypericins
Authors: Karppinen Katja , Hokkanen Juho , Mattila Sampo , Neubauer Peter , Hohtola Anja
Published: July 2008

Hypericins are biologically active constituents of Hypericum perforatum (St John’s wort). It is likely that emodin anthrone, an anthraquinone precursor of hypericins, is biosynthesized via the polyketide pathway by type III polyketide synthase (PKS). A PKS from H. perforatum, HpPKS2, was investigated for its possible involvement in the biosynthesis of hypericins. Phylogenetic tree analysis revealed that HpPKS2 groups with functionally divergent non‐chalcone‐producing plant‐specific type III PKSs, but it is not particularly closely related to any of the currently known type III PKSs. A recombinant HpPKS2 expressed in Escherichia coli resulted in an enzyme of ∼ 43 kDa. The purified enzyme catalysed the condensation of acetyl‐CoA with two to seven malonyl‐CoA to yield tri‐ to octaketide products, including octaketides SEK4 and SEK4b, as well as heptaketide aloesone. Although HpPKS2 was found to have octaketide synthase activity, production of emodin anthrone, a supposed octaketide precursor of hypericins, was not detected. The enzyme also accepted isobutyryl‐CoA, benzoyl‐CoA and hexanoyl‐CoA as starter substrates producing a variety of tri‐ to heptaketide products. In situ RNA hybridization localized the HpPKS2 transcripts in H. perforatum leaf margins, flower petals and stamens, specifically in multicellular dark glands accumulating hypericins. Based on our results, HpPKS2 may have a role in the biosynthesis of hypericins in H. perforatum but some additional factors are possibly required for the production of emodin anthrone in vivo.
A 20-yr radio light curve for the young supernova remnant G1.9+0.3
Authors: Murphy T. , Gaensler B. M. , Chatterjee S.
Published: July 2008

The radio source G1.9+0.3 has recently been identified as the youngest known Galactic supernova remnant, with a putative age of ∼100 yr. We present a radio light curve for G1.9+0.3 based on 25 epochs of observation with the Molonglo Observatory Synthesis Telescope, spanning 20 yr from 1988 to 2007. These observations are all at the same frequency (843 MHz) and comparable resolutions (43 × 91 or 43 × 95 arcsec2) and cover one fifth of the estimated lifetime of the supernova remnant. We find that the flux density has increased at a rate of 1.22 ± 0.240.16 per cent yr−1 over the last two decades, suggesting that G1.9+0.3 is undergoing a period of magnetic field amplification.
Stakeholder involvement and public participation: a critique of Water Framework Directive arrangements in the United Kingdom
Authors: Woods David
Published: July 2008

Expert consensus regarding public consultation and participation on environmental matters favours a multilevel approach: the process is much more likely to succeed when those consulted can relate to the boundaries, scale and the local nature of the issues. The Water Framework Directive requires those with the responsibility for river basin management planning to engage with stakeholders and the general public when such plans are being developed. Examination of the arrangements for public participation in the regions of the United Kingdom shows a marked variation in the interpretation of the Directive that may leave the general public residing in England and Wales at a significant disadvantage. In both Scotland and Northern Ireland involvement by the general public is planned at a much more local level through groups established specifically for that purpose. Arrangements at local level in England and Wales are focused on narrower existing liaison arrangements in place before the implementation of the Directive.
Making Broad Shoulders: Body-Building and Physical Culture in Chicago 1890–1920
Authors: Churchill David S.
Published: July 2008

In February 1899, the Committee of Physical Culture of the Chicago Public School Board approved an intensive “anthropometric” study of all children enrolled in the city's public schools. The study was a detailed attempt to measure the height, weight, strength, lung capacity, hearing, and general fitness of Chicago's student population. Through 1899 and 1900, thousands of Chicago's primary, grammar, and high school students had their bodies closely scrutinized, measured, weighed, tested, and, in a few cases, diagrammed. What the School Board members wanted to know was the “fitness” of the student body. Were Chicago public school students—many recently arrived immigrants from eastern and southern Europe—vital and vigorous children who could become energetic modern workers and citizens (Figure 1)?
Neonatal survival of Steller sea lions (Eumetopias jubatus)
Authors: Kaplan Christopher C. , White Gary C. , Noon Barry R.
Published: July 2008

Abstract

Neonatal survival of Steller sea lions (Eumetopias jubatus) are often considered inconsequential to their population dynamics. However, observations of dead animals on rookeries and in surrounding waters suggest that early mortality is not uncommon. This study used the natural markings of adult females in a mark and resighting framework to estimate the apparent survival (φ) of pups with the Cormack–Jolly–Seber model at two sites on Lowrie Island, Alaska from birth to 3 wk old. Estimates varied greatly by site and year; 2002 Area 5:(95% CI: 0.199, 0.684;n= 21), 2002 Area 1:(0.437, 0.916;n= 21), 2003 Area 5:(0.414, 0.738;n= 56), and 2003 Area 1:(0.695, 0.997;n= 32). The mean estimate across the four area × year combinations was(0.569, 0.772). Survival was lowest on the first day of life and then leveled off at a higher rate. None of the four environmental covariates we considered (swell height, interaction of tide and swell heights, density, or birth date) were significantly related to neonatal survival. Our results suggest that estimates of first‐year survival that do not account for mortality prior to dispersal from the natal rookery may significantly overestimate survival rate.
Integrative Module‐Based Family Therapy: Application and Training
Authors: Gouze Karen R. , Wendel Richard
Published: July 2008

The field of marriage and family therapy is currently at a crossroads. The challenge for contemporary therapists is how to incorporate the wisdom of previous models with the accountability that comes from evidence‐based practice. The Integrative Module‐Based Family Therapy treatment model provides a formalized series of steps that clinicians can use in their case planning and implementation. It is based on nine clinically relevant modules for assessment and intervention that are consistent with current best practices and empirically supported treatments. It thus meets the need for a structured family therapy practice and training approach that is respectful of the “art” of family therapy while still adhering to the principles of the “science” of evidence‐based treatment.
Emotionally Focused Therapy for Couples and Childhood Sexual Abuse Survivors
Authors: MacIntosh Heather B. , Johnson Susan
Published: July 2008

This study explored Emotionally Focused Therapy (EFT) for couples with childhood sexual abuse survivors (CSA) and their partners. Half of the couples in this study reported clinically significant increases in mean relationship satisfaction and clinically significant decreases in trauma symptoms, and thematic analyses identified numerous areas where trauma survivors were challenged in fully engaging in the therapy process. In particular, trauma symptoms such as affect dysregulation and hypervigilance were identified to play a role in the challenges that survivors experienced in fully engaging in the EFT process. Results of these thematic analyses yielded clinical recommendations for working with CSA survivors and their partners in EFT for traumatized couples. Recommendations for future study were articulated.
Adolescent and Parent Alliances With Therapists in Brief Strategic Family TherapyTMWith Drug‐Using Hispanic Adolescents
Authors: Robbins Michael S. , Mayorga Carla C. , Mitrani Victoria B. , Szapocznik José , Turner Charles W. , Alexander James F.
Published: July 2008

This study examined the relationship between alliance and retention in family therapy. Alliance was examined at the individual (parent, adolescent) and family level (within‐family differences) for families that either dropped out or completed family therapy. Participants were 31 Hispanic adolescents and their family members who received brief strategic family therapy for the treatment of adolescent drug use. Videotapes of first sessions were rated to identify parent and adolescent alliances with the therapist. Results demonstrated that Completer cases had significantly higher levels of alliance across all family members than Dropout cases, and Dropout cases had significantly higher unbalanced alliances than Completer cases. Clinical implications are discussed.
Conversational Evidence in Therapeutic Dialogue
Authors: Strong Tom , Busch Robbie , Couture Shari
Published: July 2008

Family therapists’ participation in therapeutic dialogue with clients is typically informed by evidence of how such dialogue is developing. In this article, we propose that conversational evidence, the kind that can be empirically analyzed using discourse analyses, be considered a contribution to widening psychotherapy’s evidence base. After some preliminaries about what we mean by conversational evidence, we provide a genealogy of evaluative practice in psychotherapy, and examine qualitative evaluation methods for their theoretical compatibilities with social constructionist approaches to family therapy. We then move on to examine the notion of accomplishment in therapeutic dialogue given how such accomplishments can be evaluated using conversation analysis. We conclude by considering a number of research and pedagogical implications we associate with conversational evidence.
Positioning in the Therapist’s Inner Conversation: A Dialogical Model Based on a Grounded Theory Analysis of Therapist Reflections
Authors: Rober Peter , Elliott Robert , Buysse Ann , Loots Gerrit , De Corte Kim
Published: July 2008

In recent years, a dialogical perspective has emerged in the family therapy field in which the therapist’s inner conversation is conceptualized as a dialogical self. In this study, we analyze the data of a grounded theory study of therapist reflections and we portray the therapist’s self as a dynamic multiplicity of inner positions embodied as voices, having dialogical relationships in terms of questions and answers or agreement and disagreement. We propose a descriptive model of the therapist’s inner conversation with four positions. In this model, each of the four positions represents a concern of the therapist: attending to the client’s process, processing the client’s story, focusing on the therapist’s own experience, and managing the therapeutic process. Detailed analyses of vignettes of therapist reflections illustrate the model, and implications of this model for training and supervision are considered.
Primary rectal lymphoma: an unusual treatment for a rare case
Authors: Unal B , Karabeyoglu M , Erel S , Bozkurt B , Kocer B , Cengiz O
Published: July 2008

Lymphomas may be localised throughout the whole gastrointestinal tract, from oral cavity to rectum. The rectum is a fairly uncommon site for lymphoma compared to other gastrointestinal sites. Primary rectal lymphoma is the rarest disorder accounting for 0.1–0.6% of all colonic malignancies, and 0.05% of all primary rectal tumours. It is unclear whether surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy or combinations of these treatments improve the prognosis and survival rate in such patients. The role of surgery in primary rectal lymphoma of the rectum is still controversial. A case of primary rectal lymphoma treated by a combination of chemotherapy and radiotherapy is described.
Multifocal motor neuropathy: review of a treatable immune mediated disorder
Authors: Rajabally Y A
Published: July 2008

Initially described only about 20 years ago, multifocal motor neuropathy (MMN) is a predominantly distal, mainly upper limb, asymmetrical, pure motor neuropathy. MMN is immune mediated, and frequently associated with antiganglioside antibodies to GM1 of IgM type. The hallmark of MMN is the presence of conduction block (CB) on motor nerve conduction studies. There are, however, forms of MMN where CBs are not present or cannot be detected with routinely available diagnostic techniques. MMN is a treatable disorder, with about 80% of patients responding to intravenous immunoglobulins. For that reason, it needs to be distinguished from motor neuron disease, which is much more common but remains untreatable. MMN also needs to be distinguished from other immune mediated neuropathies as it is unresponsive to plasma exchanges and steroids, which may both cause it to deteriorate. As treatment is less effective later in the course of MMN, early recognition is vital. Long term management is, however, frequently complicated by progressive axonal degeneration resulting in functional decline despite treatment.
Complex care by multiple medical and dental specialists of a patient with aggressive Gorlin–Goltz syndrome
Authors: Nagy K , Kiss E , Erdei C , Oberna F , Fejérdy P , Márton K , Vajo Z
Published: July 2008

Gorlin–Goltz syndrome is a genetically predisposed disease characterised by multiple basal cell carcinomas, odontogenic keratocysts and ectopic calcifications. The aim of this study was to show successful treatment of a 37-year-old male patient by cooperation between different dental and medical specialists. Because of the recurrence of a large basal cell carcinoma after multiple operations and a total dose telecobalt irradiation of 66 Gy, the patient's nose was ablated, with resection of the upper lip and part of the maxilla. The intraoral prosthetic treatment helped to restore the subtotal edentulousness. In order to enhance the application of the dental prosthesis, an Abbe plasty was performed at the second stage of surgery. As previous irradiation of the area precluded the use of facial implants immediately after the intraoral treatment, a temporary artificial nose prosthesis was created. The patient tolerated the procedures well and is completely disease-free 12 months after the surgery. Besides presenting a rare and complicated case of Gorlin–Goltz syndrome, the main purpose of this report is to show that, if different specialists in a dental–clinical team (maxillofacial surgeon, oncologist, radiation oncologist, prosthodontist and psychiatrist) combine their skills and expertise, successful management is possible even in a challenging complex case.
Magma emplacement in a transfer zone: the Miocene mafic Orano dyke swarm of Elba Island, Tuscany, Italy
Authors: Dini A. , Westerman D. S. , Innocenti F. , Rocchi S.
Published: July 2008

Magmatic activity in the western part of Elba Island at the north end of the Tyrrhenian Sea lasted approximately 1.5 Ma during the Late Miocene, building a complex of nested Christmas-tree laccoliths, a 10 km-diameter pluton (Monte Capanne) and, finally, the steeply-dipping Orano dyke swarm (ODS). This igneous activity occurred as an extensional regime and followed the wake of eastward-migrating compression of the Apennine front. The ODS consists of hybridized mantle-derived magmas, constituting about 200 dykes totalling a length of approximately 90 km. These dykes intruded the northwestern part of the pluton (NW of the Pomonte–Procchio geomorphic lineament) and its contact aureole, as well as several kilometres of sedimentary rock above. The ODS intruded near the close of pluton crystallization, above a source region marked by a positive magnetic anomaly located NW of the Pomonte–Procchio lineament. Dyke orientations are dominated by a major system trending N78E, with dykes concentrated in belts that locally produced up to 15% extension; between these belts, a minor system of Orano dykes dominates with N38W and N22E trends.

ODS emplacement patterns preserve the strain that resulted in exploitation of Riedel fractures in a NE–SW dextral shear zone; local internal zones of sinistral shear account for one set of the minor system. This shearing occurred between offset segments of the Elba Ridge in the western Elba transfer zone, where strain concentrated magma flow to build the western Elba magmatic complex. This zone developed as a result of different extension rates that produced north-trending Neogene–Quaternary sedimentary basins north and south of the zone. Such basins are connected regionally by NE-trending lineaments previously active during the formation and destruction of the Tethys Ocean. All the magmatic centres in the northern Tyrrhenian–Tuscan area are distributed along such lineaments and developed as a wave moving northeastward across the region, suggesting that magmatism was focused by transfer zone development as back-arc extension migrated in that direction and reactivated former faults.
The structure, fabrics and AMS of the Slieve Gullion ring-complex, Northern Ireland: testing the ring-dyke emplacement model
Authors: Stevenson Carl T. E. , O'Driscoll Brian , Holohan Eoghan P. , Couchman Rebecca , Reavy R. John , Andrews Graham D. M.
Published: July 2008

A structural investigation of the Slieve Gullion ring-complex, part of the approximately 56 Ma Slieve Gullion Igneous Centre, County Armagh, Northern Ireland was carried out with a view to testing the ring-dyke emplacement mechanism. This investigation involved the detailed examination and mapping of critical field relationships and the measurement of visible and magnetic fabrics, within the porphyritic rhyolite (felsite) and the porphyritic granite (granophyre) parts of the ring-complex. Set against existing theories for the emplacement of this complex, our investigation failed to find steep outward-dipping fabrics and lineations that would support the emplacement of this ring-complex as a ring-dyke. Instead, we propose that the ring-complex was emplaced as a series of extrusive and intrusive subhorizontal sheets, controlled by a circular zone of deformation, and subsequently domed by the emplacement of the younger central complex. From its gently dipping bulk geometries and a disharmonically folded eutaxitic internal fabric (supported by AMS – anisotropy of magnetic susceptibilty), the earlier rhyolite is reinterpreted as a pyroclastic deposit. The rhyolite was probably deposited against the wall of a subsiding caldera and is now preserved in the SW quadrant of the complex. From primary intrusive contact geometries with pre-Palaeogene country rocks, magnetic fabrics and subtle visible foliations – all of which are gently dipping – the younger and more extensive granitic ring is suggested to have initially been a subhorizontal sheet that is now domed. Only its gently outward-dipping floor is exposed around the ring-complex, and this is for much of its circumference bounded by a circular zone of deformation – a ring-fault. This study highlights the importance of detailed structural investigation in assessing the emplacement of igneous ring-complexes, emphasizing the need to look further than a simple ring-dyke emplacement model.
Textural analysis of a Late Palaeozoic coherent-pyroclastic rhyolitic dyke system near Burkersdorf (Erzgebirge, Saxony, Germany)
Authors: Winter Cornelia , Breitkreuz Christoph , Lapp Manuel
Published: July 2008

Located between two large Late Palaeozoic rhyolitic Caldera systems (the Tharandter Wald Caldera (TWC) and the Altenberg–Teplice Caldera (ATC)) in the eastern Erzgebirge region, the extended NE–SW-trending rhyolitic Sayda–Berggießhübel dyke swarm (SBDS) was emplaced into Variscan gneisses. The dykes expose massive coherent rhyolite (CR), and four pyroclastic bodies reveal welded rhyolitic tuffs (WRT).

Overlying the CR dykes, the WRT form subcircular topographic elevations of up to 1 km in diameter. These have been interpreted by previous authors as erosional remnants of the ATC ignimbrite sheet. Another hill located on a dyke is built up of a columnar jointed rhyolitic lava dome or laccolith. An abandoned quarry near Mulda exposes sills propagating from a dyke into weathered gneiss. The WRT display a fluidal moderately to mostly vertically dipping welded texture with fiamme-like fragments up to 90 cm long. Strike orientation of the fiamme varies greatly. Gneiss lithic fragments make up to 2 vol.% of the analysed area of rock samples. The WRT are columnar jointed. The columns have a predominantly horizontal–subhorizontal orientation.

In outcrop, rock slab and thin section maximum particle size and the relative proportions of fiamme, phenocrysts in fiamme, lithic fragments and of crystal clasts (QZ, KF, PL, BT) in tuff have been measured. The correlation of the data with the regional geology shows that the welded rhyolitic tuff bodies resemble individual vent systems. Compared to the fiamme, the tuff matrix has a higher crystal clast content, indicating that pyroclastic fractionation has taken place.

Comparison of granulometric and geochemical SBDS data with ignimbrite samples from TWC and ATC confirms a close relationship between the SBDS and ATC. The SBDS is a possible vent area for the ATC. The textural data, the orientation of both fiamme and cooling columns, and other field relations suggest that the WRT of the SBDS represent welded fall-back tuffs. They formed in vents positioned on an active magmatic dyke system.
Volcanic craters, pit craters and high-level magma-feeding systems of a mafic island-arc volcano: Ambrym, Vanuatu, South Pacific
Authors: Németh Károly , Cronin Shane J.
Published: July 2008

Ambrym is one of the largest volcanic islands of the Vanuatu arc. It has been the focus of exclusively mafic volcanism and has a structure dominated by a central 13 km-diameter caldera. Contained within the caldera are two major cone complexes, Marum and Benbow, which have been the locus of most historic eruptions. Vents within these are constantly in a state of strong degassing, with visible lava lakes periodically being observed in several subcraters. Vulcanian and strombolian explosive eruptions occur at least yearly, along with larger subplinian events every 20–30 years. The active vent systems are enclosed by several 100 m-deep vertical-walled pit craters that expose cross-sectional views through the transition zone between the conduit and the crater. Units include coherent magma bodies with interbedded pyroclastic successions. One of the Marum craters, Niri Taten, exposes portions of solidified lava lakes, magma pods that fed spatter cones, small shallow-level intrusions and larger sills that connect through a complex network of dykes to the surface and/or into the pyroclastic edifice. These features show that shallow-level infiltration of degassed and low-viscosity melts into pyroclastic-deposit-dominated volcanic sequences of Marum plays an important role in the growth of scoria and spatter cones. Once solidified, the large intrusive bodies apparently provide important buttressing of pyroclastic cones, but during emplacement they may also cause cone collapse and lateral escape of magma to form lava flows.
Constraining melt concentration and strain distribution around basalt dykes in partially molten olivines
Authors: Vinciguerra S. , Xiao X. , Evans B.
Published: July 2008

Experiments were performed to determine melt concentration and strain distributions around basalt dykes in a San Carlos olivine matrix containing 10 wt% MORB (mid-ocean ridge basalt). Undrained triaxial compression tests were conducted at 1473 K and a confining pressure of 300 MPa, at constant stresses (80–160 MPa) and constant strain rates ranging from 5×10
−5
to 3×10
−4
s
−1
. Melt distribution in the dyke–matrix interface was determined by image analysis and chemical profiles. Melt migration appears to be enhanced by porosity of the microstructure and by the loading conditions. The presence of the dyke does not influence the bulk strength of the sample. Highest melt concentrations, and, presumably, the highest stress concentrations, are found at the tip of the dyke. The matrix deformation appears to be controlled by granular flow, but dilatancy occurs near the tip of the dyke, indicating coupled MORB transport and granular flow.