bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of 1‐ ethylsulphonylnaphthalene‐4‐(35S)‐sulphonamide, a murine bladder carcinogen
Authors: Turner R. , Dean H. G.
Published: October 2006

Diazotisation of 1‐ethylsulphonyl‐4‐naphthylamine followed by treatment with sulphur dioxide‐35S in acetic acid and then cupric chloride gave 1‐ethylsulphonylnaphthalene‐4‐(35S)‐sulphonyl chloride. This gave the title compound by reaction with aqueous ammonia. Total time required was three days.
Tritiation ďhydrocarbures oléfiniques par échange isotopique avec ľhydrogène tritié en présence de gel de silice
Authors: Nicolas Hervé , Paulus Jean‐Marie
Published: October 2006

Ľéchange isotopique entre ľéthylène, le propylène ou les butènes et ľhydrogène tritié, en présence de gel de silice, s'effectue en deux étapes: tritiation du gel de silice, puis tritiation de ľhydrocarbure. Une étude cinétique de ces deux réactions ďéchange isotopique a été entreprise. Cette méthode de marquage conduit à des activités spécifiques élevées. Les produits de dégradation sont peu abondants lorsque la température reste inférieure à 300 °C.
Darstellung von Cassaidin‐7α‐T und Cassaidinsäre‐7α‐T
Authors: Zelck Ulrich , Malur Johannes , Repke Kurt R. H.
Published: October 2006

Cassaidin‐7α‐T und Cassaidinsäure‐7α‐ T (spezifische Aktivität jeweils 20 mC/mMol) werden dargestellt durch Reduktion der Ketogruppe an C‐7 von Cassain mit Natriumborhydrid‐T (spezifische Aktivität 80 mC/mMol), gegebenenfalls gefolgt von saurer Hydrolyse des Alkaloids. Die Reduktion der teilweise gehinderten Ketogruppe liefert ausschließlich den äquatorialen Alkohol. Wie gezeigt wird, geht die unerwartete Abwesenheit des axialen Alkohols auf den sterischen Ausschluß seiner Bildung durch die benachbarte cis‐ständige Methylgruppe an C‐14 zurück. Die markierten Verbindungen sind geeignet zur Erforschung des Vorkommens von primären Redoxreaktionen an C‐7 im tierischen Organismus und, wenn dies ausgeschlossen ist, zur Abklärung des allgemeinen Stoffwechsel‐Schicksals der Erythrophleum‐Alkaloide.
The synthesis and purification of 14C‐labeled menthol
Authors: Debardeleben J. F. , Jenkins R. W. , Bailey W. C. , Osdene T. S.
Published: October 2006

The synthesis of 14C‐labeled menthol was accomplished by preparation of 14C‐labeled (±) pulegone. Catalytic hydrogenation and chemical reduction converted (±) pulegone to the isomeric menthols possessing 1.10 mCi total activity. Gas chromatographic separation of this material gave the relative abundance of each isomer.
Preparation of 5‐fluorouracil‐6‐3H of high specific activity
Authors: Filip Jíří , Vyšata František
Published: October 2006

Isotopic exchange of hydrogen in a system of solvent‐water‐3H was used to prepare 5‐fluoroorotic acid‐3H(G) which was decarboxylated and the hydrogen‐3H removed from labile bonds to yield 5′‐fluorouracil‐6‐3H. It was found in tracer experiments that a suitable solvent for the isotopic exchange of hydrogen was anhydrous dimethylformamide of dioxane. Water‐3H of high specific activity was prepared in these solvents by reduction of PtO2 to Pt using carrierfree tritium. The specific activity of 5‐fluorouracil‐6‐3H was of the order of Ci/mmole, the radiochemical purity was better than 96 %.
New possibilities of enzymic synthesis of radioactive nucleotides. I. Synthesis of radioactive nucleoside‐5′‐triphosphates by an enzyme of Escherichia coli B
Authors: Nejedlý Zdeněk , Ekl Jindřich , Hybš Karel , Filip Jiří
Published: October 2006

Possibilities of enzymic synthesis of nucleoside‐5′‐triphosphates‐14C(U) of adenine, guanine, cytosine and uracil of high specific activity and radiochemical purity by means of a purified enzyme isolated from Escherichia coli B were studied. The effect of enzyme concentration in the reaction mixture in dependence on the time of the enzyme reaction is decisive for an optimal production of radioactive nucleoside‐5′‐triphosphates. A simple and rapid method of preparation of radioactive nucleoside‐5′‐triphosphates, including preparative paper chromatography as the single isolation step, is described and information on the radiolysis of the isolated nucleotides is presented.
Isotopically‐labeled natural products I. Biosynthesis and isolation of 1‐menthol‐14C
Authors: Gager F. L. , Core M. T. , Bass R. T. , Jenkins R. W.
Published: October 2006

The biosynthesis by and the isolation of 1‐menthol‐14C from Mentha arvensis grown in 14CO2 are described. Crystals (18 mg; 3.2 mCi/g) were obtained after column chromatographic purification of the steam distillate of the leaves. Purity of greater than 99.5 % was established by gas‐liquid radiochromatography.
Liquid tritioammonia as a tritiating agent
Authors: Bloss K.
Published: October 2006

Tritioammonia, 10 Ci/g, tritiated piperidine, 5‐hydroxytryptophan, glutamine, and asparagine by refluxing at −35 °C. Within 1.5 to 6 hours the specific activities reached 0.02, 0.775, 1.24 and 2.48 mCi/mmole, purified. Cyclooctatetraene was not exchangelabeled under these conditions. For liquid‐scintillation counting of tritioammonia, ortho‐bromobenzoic acid in toluene‐dioxan served well. Autoradiolysis was no problem.
The use of [32P] polyphosphoric acid as a Phosphorylating Agent: Syntheses of Phosphorus‐32 Labeled Sugar Phosphates
Authors: Zuleski F. R. , McGuinness E. T.
Published: October 2006

Phosphorylation of D‐fructose with [32P]polyphosphoric acid followed by prolonged mild acid hydrolysis at 35 °C gave [32P]D‐fructose 1, 6‐diphosphate. The diphosphate was purified by conversion to the acid‐barium salt. [32P]D‐fructose 6‐phosphate was prepared by two methods : Degradation of the diphosphate by heating with 1N HBr for 1 hour at 88‐90 °C, or, replacing the prolonged mild acid hydrolysis of the phosphorylation mixture in the case of the diphosphate with a one hour treatment at 88‐90 °C. [32P]D‐glucose 6‐phosphate was prepared by dissolving the barium salt of [32P]D‐fructose 6‐phosphate in water and adding a dialyzed solution of phosphoglucose isomerase. The highly insoluble heptahydrate of the barium salt of [32P]D‐glucose 6‐phosphate readily crystallized from solution. Phosphorylation of D‐mannose with [32P]polyphosphoric acid gave [32P]D‐mannose 6‐phosphate, which upon reduction with KBH4, yielded [32P]D‐mannitol 1‐phosphate.
New possibilities of enzyme synthesis of radioactive nucleotides. II. Phosphoribosylation of radioactive bases of nucleic acids by the catalytic effect of unpurified cell‐free extract of Brevibacterium ammoniagenes
Authors: Nejedlý Zdeněk , Škodová Helena , Hybš Karel , Škoda Jan
Published: October 2006

The catalytic properties of an unpurified enzyme preparation from cells of Brevibacterium ammoniagenes toward phosphoribosylation of the individual nucleic acid bases are pronouncedly specific, display a high efficiency toward phosphoribosylation of uracil where the con version to uridine‐5′‐phosphate is quantitative, phosphoribosylation of adenine takes place with lower efficiency and guanine and cytosine are practically not phosphoribosylated at all. Using orotic acid‐14C and a complete inhibition of orotidine 5′‐phosphate decarboxylase by means of 6‐azauridine‐5′‐phosphate, a 60 % production of orotidine‐5′‐phosphate‐14C has been achieved. The catalytic efficiency of the enzyme preparation remains preserved even upon substitution of 5‐phosphoribosyl‐1‐pyrophosphate by its direct metabolic precursors.

The possibility of direct application of the unpurified cell‐free extract of the bacteria, the simple composition of the final reaction mixtures and the high degree of production of biologically important compounds makes it possible to employ the method studied for an enzyme synthesis of radioactive uridine‐5′‐phosphate, orotidine‐5′‐phosphate and adenosine‐5′‐phosphate.
The purification of synthetic 14C labelled compounds by the use of preparative paper chromatography
Authors: Falęcki J.
Published: October 2006

Preparative paper chromatography (PPC) for the purification of synthetic compounds labelled with 14C : choline, chlormequat, glutamic acid, indoleacetic acid and urea is described. The influence of some parameters as time, amount of substances used and geometry factors (dimensions of paper sheets) on the repeatibility of PPC are given.
Carbon‐14 and tritium labelling ofm‐(1‐methyl‐3‐propyl‐pyrrolidinyl)‐ phenol monohydrochloride (profadol; CI‐572)
Authors: Blackburn C. E.
Published: October 2006

Carbon‐14 and tritium labelled preparations of m‐(1‐methyl‐3‐propyl‐3‐pyrrolidinyl)‐phenol monohydrochloride (CI‐572) are described. CI‐572‐14C, with the carbon‐14 label in the C‐2 position of the pyrrolidine moiety, was synthesized in five steps from K14CN. CI‐572‐3H was prepared by heterogeneous platinum‐catalyzed exchange with tritiated water in acetic acid. Characterization of CI‐572‐3H included an evaluation of the tritium label stability in water and in aqueous acidic and basic media.
Synthesis of N‐[4‐(2‐dimethylaminoethoxy) benzyl‐α‐14C]‐3,4,5‐trimethoxybenzamide hydrochloride and N‐[4‐(2‐ methylaminoethoxy)benzyl‐α‐14C]‐3, 4‐diethoxybenzamide hydrochloride
Authors: Wineholt R. L. , Johnson J. D. , Heck P. J. , Kaegi H. H.
Published: October 2006

The anti‐emetic compounds N‐[4‐(2‐dimethylaminoethoxy)benzyl‐α‐14C]‐3,4,5‐trimethoxybenzamide hydrochloride (10) and N‐[4‐(2‐methylaminoethoxy)benzyl‐α‐14C]‐3,4‐diethoxybenzamide hydrochloride (11) were prepared. The synthesis of 10 in four steps provided the purified material in 29 % yield from carbon dioxide. The same series of reactions was used to prepare N‐[4‐(2‐benzylmethylamino‐ethoxy)benzyl‐α‐14C]‐3,4‐diethoxybenzamide (9), which after an additional debenzylation step furnished 11 in 56 % yield based on carbon dioxide.
The preparation of aflatoxins labeled with tritium
Authors: Lijinsky William
Published: October 2006

Aflatoxins B1 and G1 were labeled with tritium by reaction with tritiated water in the presence of a catalyst. Although considerable decomposition occurred, it was possible to purify the products by thin layer chromatography and crystallization following addition of unlabeled compound. The products were chemically homogeneous and the radiochemical purity was above 82 %. When the exchange was carried out with a natural aflatoxin mixture, the specific activity of the purified G1 was only one‐tenth that of the B1. When the aflatoxin G1 was tritiated alone, the specific activity after dilution was 194 μCi/mg. Similarly, the specific activity of purified tritium labeled aflatoxin B1 was 300 μCi/mg. The problems encountered in labeling with tritium such unstable molecules as the aflatoxins are discussed.
Reactions of salts of deuterated benzenecarboxylic acids
Authors: Ratuský J.
Published: October 2006

The course of transcarboxylation reactions of potassium salts of deuterated benzenecarboxylic acids was investigated. During the reaction rapid random exchange of hydrogen atoms of the benzene ring for deuterium takes place. The probable mechanism of this exchange, which involves the liberation of protons from the benzene ring and the formation of carbanions, is proposed. The mechanism of the deuterium for hydrogen exchange is in agreement with the intermolecular ionic mechanism of the transcarboxylation reaction itself since the formation of carbanions via liberation of protons is a part of this reaction.
A simple procedure for preparation and assay of small quantities of 14C‐labeled long‐chain aliphatic aldehyde
Authors: Calleja G. B. , Rogers Palmer
Published: October 2006

(l‐14C)‐dodecanal was synthesized from (l‐14C)‐dodecanoic acid. The two‐step synthesis beginning with 0.9 mg of the acid resulted in an overall yield of 42 % after purification. The final product was separated from the starting material and side products by silicic acid column chromatography. Purity was verified by thin layer chromatography and stimulation of light emission catalysed by bacterial luciferase.
Synthesis of 3‐deuteriocyclopentanone and cyclopentanone‐18O
Authors: Chen T.‐S. , Stephens J. C. , Leitch L. C.
Published: October 2006

The title compounds were prepared by pyrolysis of 3‐deuterioadipic acid and adipic acid‐18O4. The synthesis of the labelled adipic acids is described.
Preparation of ring‐labelled adamantane derivatives. I. 2‐adamantanecarboxylic acid‐2‐14C and 2‐methyladamantane‐2‐14C
Authors: Majerski Z. , Wolf A. P. , Schleyer P. V. R.
Published: October 2006

A relatively simple route to 2‐substituted adamantane derivatives labelled with 14C at the 2‐position in the adamantane skeleton was developed. The approach used (Figure I) involved ring expansion of adamantanone by labelled diazomethane, conversion of the resulting 4‐homoadamantanone (II) to diazoketone IV, followed by photolytic Wolff ring contraction to 2‐adamantanecarboxylic acid‐2‐14C (VI). Reduction of the carboxylic acid by conventional procedures gave 2‐methyladamantane‐2‐14C (IX).
Synthèse du chlorhydrate de (+)‐N‐(o‐chlorobenzyl) α‐methyl phénéthylamine marqué en position 7 par 14C (chlorhydrate de clobenzorex)
Authors: Lintermans J. , Benakis A. , Ratouis R.
Published: October 2006

Nous décrivons la synthése du chlorhydrate de (+)‐N‐(o‐chloro‐benzyl) α‐méthyl phénéthylamine (Chlorhydrate de Clobenzorex) marqué en position 7 par le 14C. Nous avons préparé la (±)‐amphétamine 14C en 5 étapes à partir de l' acide benzoïque 14C‐7. Son dédoublement optique a été eflectué par l'intermédiaire du sel avec l'acide (+)‐tartrique. En modifiant avant la salification la proportion des deux isomères par addition à la (±)‐amphétamine 14C‐7 d'une égale quantité de (+)‐amphétamine non radioactive, nous avons obtenu, après une seule cristallisation, le (+)‐tartrate de (+)‐amphetamine 14C‐7 d'une excellente pureté optique et avec un très bon rendement. Ce sel a conduit à la (+)‐amphétamine 14C‐7 par condensation de la (+)‐amphétamine 14C‐7 avec l'o‐chloro‐appliqué aux eaux‐mères de cristallisation a permis, par addition d'acide (−)‐tartrique, d'isoler la (−)‐amphétamine 14C‐7 d'une activité spécifique de 15 mCi/mM. Nous avons synthétisé le chlorhydrate de (+)‐N‐(o‐chlorobenzyl) α‐méthyl phénéthylamine 14C‐7 par condensation de la (+)‐amphétamine 14C‐7 avec l'o‐chlorobenzaldéhyde, suivie d'une réduction par le borohydrure de sodium. Le produit final a une activité spécifique de 17,2 mCi/mM et une pureté radiochimique de l'ordre de 99 %.
The synthesis of 6‐chloro‐17‐hydroxypregna‐4,6‐diene‐3,20‐dione‐4−14c acetate (chlormadinone‐4−14C acetate)
Authors: Palmer K. H. , Handy R. W. , Wall M. E.
Published: October 2006

Chlormadinone‐4−14C acetate (V) was synthesized from 17α‐hydroxyprogesterone‐4−14C (I) by dehydrogenation to the 4,6‐diene (II) which was converted to the 6‐chloro‐4,6‐diene (IV) via the intermediate 6α,7α‐epoxy compound (III). Acetylation of (IV) gave chlormadinone‐4−14C acetate in 13% overall yield. A secondary reaction product, 6‐chloro‐androsta‐4,6‐diene‐3,17‐dione‐4−14C was isolated and identified.
Catalytic reduction of 3β‐hydroxyandrost‐4‐ene‐17‐one with tritium. I. The distribution and configuration of label in 3β‐hydroxy‐5α‐androstane‐17‐one (1)
Authors: Abul‐Hajj Yusuf J.
Published: October 2006

Catalytic reduction of 3β‐hydroxyandrost‐4‐ene‐17‐one (I) with tritium gas gave a mixture of 3β‐hydroxy‐5α‐androstane‐17‐one (II) and 3β‐hydroxy‐5α‐androstane‐17‐one (III). Oxidation of compound II followed by alkaline equilibration resulted in 37% loss of label from position 4. 5α‐Androstane‐3,7‐dione (IVa) was converted via the 2,4‐dibromide to androst‐4‐ene‐3,7‐dione (VIIIa) with 43% loss of radioactivity from position 5. Chloranil dehydrogenation and alkaline equilibration experiments have shown that the additional label was at C‐6α. The distribution and configuration of label in compound II was found to be 37% 4α, 43% 5α and 20% 6α.
Synthesis of labeled o‐iodohippuric acid
Authors: Wheeler O. H. , Verter H. S. , Feliú L. A. , De Jesús C. R.
Published: October 2006

The reaction of o‐iodohippuric acid with labeled iodide has been shown to afford exclusively labeled o‐iodohippuric acid. The same compound has been synthesized from anthranilic acid. The rate of exchange was sufficiently rapid to permit the preparation of 132I and 128I labeled o‐iodohippuric acid. The mechanism of the exchange is discussed.
Synthesis of 3‐hydroxy‐N,N‐dimethyl‐cis‐crotonamide dimethyl phosphate and its N‐methyl analog labeled with 32P and 14C
Authors: Burton W. B.
Published: October 2006

Two vinyl phosphates, 3‐hydroxy‐N,N‐dimethyl‐cis‐crotonamide dimethyl phosphate, and its N‐monomethyl analog, 3‐hydroxy‐N‐methyl‐cis‐crotonamide dimethyl phosphate, labeled with 32P and 14C in three positions, have been synthesized in milligram amounts. The radiosynthesis routes are reported and the effect of reduced scale preparation is discussed. As the compounds exist in geometric isomers, methods for their separation have been developed. The purity of the cis‐isomers was determined to be 98 to 99%. The yield of 3‐hydroxy‐N,N‐dimethyl‐cis‐crotonamide dimethyl phosphate labeled with 32P was 38%, with 14C‐O‐methyl 73% and with 14C‐N‐methyl 34%. The yield of 3‐hydroxy‐N‐methyl‐cis‐crotonamide dimethyl phosphate labeled with 32P was 38%, with 14C‐O‐methyl 73% and with 14C‐N‐methyl 80%.
The preparation of tritium‐labelled ryanodine
Authors: Fairhurst Alan S.
Published: October 2006

A method for preparing tritium‐labelled ryanodine is described. The alkaloid was first brominated, and the bromoryanodines were separated from the reaction mixture by thin layer chromatography; NMR analysis at this stage showed substitution of pyrrole protons by bromine. Bromoryanodine was first hydrogenated, and the product was purified and characterized as ryanodine, to establish the feasibility of the method. Tritium was then reacted with bromoryanodine to yield labelled ryanodine with a specific activity of 2.85 Ci/mmole. No detectable isotope exchange occurred when the labelled alkaloid was incubated in aqueous media at pH 7.0 and 30° C.
The synthesis and purification of pentachloro‐phenol−14C6
Authors: Rogers R. R. , Christia J. E. , Etzel J. E. , Born G. S.
Published: October 2006

Pentachlorophenol−14C6 was synthesized by chlorinating phenol−14C6 using aluminum chloride as a catalyst. Purification of the labeled pentachlorophenol involved the precipitation of the labeled product from an aqueous alkali solution with hydrochloric acid and two sublimations. Proof of radiochemical purity was determined using thick layer chromatography and autoradiography. Internal liquid scintillation counting techniques were used to determine the specific activity of the compound.
A new synthesis for the preparation of 14C‐labelled alkali cyanides
Authors: Bánfi D. , Mlinkó S. , Palágyi T.
Published: October 2006

A convenient gas catalytic process has been developed for the synthesis of radioactive alkali cyanides on micro or semimicro scale. The carbon content of barium carbonate used as starting material can be quantitatively transformed into potassium cyanide in a simple process.
The non‐metabolite residue a limitation to the tracer method
Authors: Rosenblum Charles , Trenner Nelson R. , Wolf Donald E.
Published: October 2006

The occurrence of non‐metabolite residues from labeled drugs administered to animals is discussed. Selected are 14C‐labeled thiabendazole, nitroglycerine, nortriptyline, amitryptiline, p‐dime‐thylaminobenzene, nihydrazone and ronidazole. The rapid degradation which is responsible for the phenomenon requires that all tracer applications in living systems be accompanied by a demonstration of the biological stability of the parent compound.
Die darstellung von [NCT3]‐morphin
Authors: Werner G. , Von Der Heyde O.
Published: October 2006

[N‐CT3]‐Morphine is synthetized by reductive Methylation of normorphine with [3H]‐paraformaldehyde and formic acid.
The purity stabilisation of sodium o‐iodohippurate (131I)
Authors: Lisewska I. , Pasternak A. , Zelenay K.
Published: October 2006

To prevent the autoradiolysis damage in sodium o‐iodohippu‐rate−131 I preparations, various conditions of storage have been tested: storage in isotonic solution frozen at dry ice temperature, and in freeze‐dried state. A preparation which was stable for the guarantee period of about 1 month was obtained by storing it frozen at the temperature about — 70° C. The stability of sodium o‐iodo‐hippurate−131I was compared with that of the similar compound labelled with iodine‐125.
Catalytic reduction of 3β‐hydroxyandrost‐4‐ene‐17‐one with tritium. II. The distribution and configuration of label in 3β‐hydroxy‐5β‐androstane‐17‐one(1)
Authors: Abul‐Hajj Yusuf. J.
Published: October 2006

Catalytic reduction of 3β‐hydroxyandrost‐4‐ene‐17one (1) with tritium gas gave a mixture of 3 β‐hydroxy‐5 β‐androstane‐17‐one (II) and 3β‐hydroxy‐5α‐androsiane‐17‐one (III). Oxidation of compound II followed by alkaline equilibration resulted in 29% loss of label. A 29% loss of tritium was observed after bromination of compound II. Dehydrobromination of 4β‐bromo‐5β‐androstane‐3,17‐dione to androst‐4‐ene‐3,17‐dione resulted in 54% loss of tritium. Chloranil dehydrogenation and alkaline equilibration experiments have shown that the remaining radioactivity was at C‐6. Thus the distribution and configuration of label was found to be 29% 4β, 54% 5β, 4.7% 6β and 13% 6α.
Small‐scale degradation of carbon‐14 labelled carboxylic acids. II. Complete degradation of carbon‐14 labelled propionic and n‐butyric acids
Authors: Susan A. B. , Nystrom R. F.
Published: October 2006

A chemical degradation and radioassay procedure is described for finding the radioactivity in each carbon‐atom of carbon‐14 labelled propionic and n‐butyric acids. This method has been tested with suitably labelled compounds and found to be isotopically reliable.
14C‐synthesen biologisch interessanter p‐substituierter aryläthan‐körper
Authors: Schiefer S. , Kindl H.
Published: October 2006

p‐Methoxyphenylacetaldehyde oxime‐1−14C and p‐hydroxyphenylacetaldehyde oxime‐1−14C were synthesized from the corresponding arylnitroethenes. The radioactive carbon atom was introduced by the condensation of p‐substituted benzaldehydes with nitromethane−14C. Using preparative thin layer chromatography a convenient procedure is described leading to products with high specific activity. Under certain conditions the reduction of arylnitroethenes yielded predominantly the saturated nitrocompounds. Labelled tyrosol and its derivatives were obtained from the corresponding acids by reduction with lithium aluminium hydride.
Radiochemical synthesis part II The preparation of 14C‐labeled juvenile hormone
Authors: Hafferl W. , Zurflüh R. , Dunham L.
Published: October 2006

dl‐2−14C‐Juvenile hormone was prepared from 2−14C‐trimethyl phosphonoacetate, sodium hydride and cis‐9,10‐oxido‐6‐ethyl‐10‐methyldodec‐5(t)‐en‐2‐one in dry tetrahydrofuran and purified by gas chromatography. The reaction conditions were established by synthesizing the trans‐isomer of juvenile hormone. The specific activity of labeled hormone was determined by mass spectroscopy.
Enzymic preparation of specifically 14C and 3H labelled shikimic acids
Authors: Scharf K.‐H. , Zenk M. H.
Published: October 2006

D‐Shikimic acids 1−14C, 6−14C and 7‐(carboxyl) 14C have been biosynthetically prepared with specific activities of about 25 mCi/mmole and with overall yields of 45% based on pyruvate 3,2 or 1−14C as the respective starting materials. A crude cellfree homogenate of E. coli 83–24 was used to catalyze the condensation of phosphoenolpyruvate−14C with unlabelled erythrose‐4‐phosphate to give shikimic acid. Phosphoenolpyruvate−14C was synthesized from pyruvate−14C and ATP by the action of phosphoenolpyruvate‐synthase. Erythrose‐4‐phosphate 1,2,3,4−14C and erythrose‐4‐phosphate‐4‐T was prepared from glucose‐U−14C and glucose‐6‐T via enzymatic phosphorylation to labelled glucose‐6‐phosphate and subsequent lead tetraacetate oxidation. Condensation of labelled E‐4‐P with unlabelled PEP gave rise to shikimic acid‐2,3,4,5−14C and 2‐T.
The synthesis of 1. 2. 3. 4‐tetrahydro‐(7‐3H) naphthalene and (7‐3H) naphthalene labeled with 14C in the 1‐or 2‐position
Authors: Den Hollander W. , Van Der Jagt P. J. , Van Zanten B.
Published: October 2006

Procedures are given for the preparation of (2‐14C), (7‐3H) naphthalene, (1‐14C), (7‐3H) naphthalene, 1. 2. 3. 4‐tetrahydro‐(2‐14C), (7‐3H) naphthalene and 1. 2. 3. 4‐tetrahydro (1‐14C), (7‐3H) naphthatene. Starting with 14 CO2 the 1‐14 C‐labeled compounds were prepared in a 4‐ or 5‐ a tep synthesia in an overall yield of 56 or 44% respectively and the 2‐14 C‐labeled compounds in a 8‐ or 9‐ atep synthesis in an overall yield of 52 or 39% respectively. The specificity of the 14 C‐labeling was in all cases better than 97%.
Self ‐ radiolysis of tritiated compounds : IV ‐ unsaturated fatty acid esters
Authors: Colosimo M. , Guarino A.
Published: October 2006

The self‐radiolysis of methyl oleate‐9, 10‐T has been studied under different conditions of storage, i. e. under vacuum, in solution of benzene, of n‐pentane, and of cyclohexene.

The influence of the storing conditions on the total yields of decomposition, as well as on the different self‐radiolysis products formed, is discussed taking into account the processes and mechanisms observed in the radiation chemistry of this, and similar compounds.
Synthesis of carbon ‐ 14 labeled 1‐β ‐D‐arabinofuranosylcytosine
Authors: Hsi Richard S. P.
Published: October 2006

The synthesis of carbon‐14 labeled 1‐β‐D‐arabixofuranosylcytosine and its hydrochloride salt is described. The products, preyared in four steps from barium carbonate‐ 14C, are labelea in the C‐2 position of the pyrimidine ring.
Synthesis of [8‐14C]. N6‐(Δ2‐isopentenyl ) adenosine
Authors: Fleysher M. H.
Published: October 2006

N6 ‐ (Δ2 ‐isopentenyl) adenosine, known as IPA or IPAdo, is a normal component of t‐RNA which has growth atimulatory effects in plants and growth inhibitory effects in mammalian cells, including human leukemia. 8‐14C‐IPA was synthesised' by alkylating 8‐14C adenosine with Δ2‐isopentenly bromide. The purity of the radioactive product was greater than 99%. A procedure was devised for isolating this compound and preserving its purity.
The use of diborane and deuterodiborane in the synthesis of isotopically labeled amines
Authors: Marshall Frederick J. , McMahon Robert E. , Lacefield William B.
Published: October 2006

The use of diborane has facilitated the preparation of several amines labeled with carbon‐14 or nitrogen‐15 by reduction of the corresponding labeled nitrile or amide. Its use was particularly advantageoue in the presence of aromatic halide substituents. Deuterodiborane, formed in situ from sodium borodeuteride and dimethyl sulfate, has been shown to be useful in the synthesis of 1, 1‐dideuteroamines.

Amines prepared in this study include nortriptyline labeled with nitrogen‐15, deuterium or both,; 2‐(o‐chlorophenoxy) ethyl‐N‐cyclopropylamine as the 1‐14C‐derivative and as the 1, 1‐dideutero derivative; 2‐(2, 4‐dichloro‐6‐phenylphenoxy) ethyl‐1‐14C amine and its 2‐chloro‐6‐phenyl analog; and 3‐aminomethyl14C‐pyridine.
Resolution of racemic acyl‐amino acids‐ 14C by water‐insoluble hog kidney acylase
Authors: Johannsen B. , Syhre R. , Berger R.
Published: October 2006

For the purpose of continous resolution of racemic N‐acyl‐amino acids‐14C conditions for the preparation and utilization of water‐insoluble hog kidney acylase (E. C. 3. 5. 1. 14) were investigated, A stable, highly active water‐insoluble acylase was easily prepared by linking the enzyme to DEAE‐Sephadex A‐50 in Tris‐HCL‐buffer, μ 0.045; at pH 7. 1.
Purification of tritiated phenacetin and N‐acetyl‐p‐aminophenol
Authors: Singh H. P. , Gault M. H.
Published: October 2006

Phenacetin and N‐acetyl‐p‐aminophenol (NAPA) tritiated by catalytic exchange (1), were quite impure as purchased

New England Nuclear Corp., Boston, Mass. 02118.

No previous reports on purification of these radioactive compounds could be found, although there are reports of separation of phenacetin or NAPA by chromatography (2, 3). Purificaion was carried out in two steps : gel filtration with Sephadex G‐10, followed by thin layer chromatography on silica gel.
The synthesis of 14C‐trans‐3‐methyl‐2‐hexenoic acid labeled in various positions
Authors: Rabinowitz Joseph L. , Zanger Murray
Published: October 2006

The Emmons reaction was used for the synthesis of 14C‐trans‐3‐methyl‐2‐hexenoic acid. This compound is found in human sweat. 1‐14C‐2‐pentanone was prepared by the reaction at room temperature of 14C‐methyl‐magnesium iodide and butyronitrile.
Synthesis of 6‐(D‐α‐aminophenylacetamido‐1‐14C)‐penicillanic acid
Authors: Valcavi U.
Published: October 2006

The synthesis of 6‐(D‐α‐aminophenylacetamido‐1‐14C)‐ penicillanic acid (V) is described. Benzaldehyde (I) was converted with sodium cyanide‐14C and ammonium chloride into D, L‐α‐aminophenylacetic acid‐1‐14C (II), from which the D‐form was separated with D‐camphorsulfonic acid. The D‐α‐aminophenylacetic acid‐1‐14C (III) was converted, with ethyl acetoacetate into enaminoderivative (IV), which, by means of reaction with ethyl chlorocarbonate and with triethylammonium salt of 6‐aminopenicillanic acid, gave 6‐(D‐α‐aminophenylacetamido‐1‐14C)‐penicillanic acid (V).
Preparation of 6‐azauracil‐5‐3H and 6‐azauridine‐5‐3H of high molar activity
Authors: Filip Jiri , Skoda Jan , Hradec Hynek
Published: October 2006

Catalytic reductive dehalogenation of 5‐bromo‐6‐azauracil with carrier‐free tritium led to 6‐azauracil‐5‐3 H of a molar activity of 19.0 Ci/mmole. The reaction conditions for the catalytic reductive dehalogenation were examined in tracer experiments. Microbial transformation was used for the preparation of 6‐azauridine‐5‐3 H from 6‐azauracil‐5‐3 H. 6‐Azauridine‐5‐3‐ H was prepared at a molar activity of 18.8 Ci/mmole. In both compounds the stability of tritium was investigated in an aqueous medium at 100°C.
Synthesis of 8‐chloro‐6‐phenyl‐4H‐s‐triazolo [4,3‐a] [1,4] benzo‐diazepine‐1‐14C
Authors: Hayashi Nobuyoshi , Shinozaki Kazuo , Kato Shinji , Meguro Kanji , Kuwada Yutaka
Published: October 2006

8‐Chloro‐6‐phenyl‐4H‐s‐triazolo [4,3‐a] [1,4] benzodiazepine (D‐40TA)‐1‐14C (V‐14C) was synthesized by the reaction of formic acid‐14C with 7‐chloro‐2‐hydrazino‐5‐phenyl‐3H‐1, 4‐benzodiazepine in the presence of N,N′‐carbonylbis (2‐methylimidazole). The overall radio‐chemical yield from formic acid‐14C was 57.8%.
Preparations du Trans‐P‐Methoxyphenyl‐1‐propene‐1‐14C‐3 (Trans Anethole 14C‐3) et du trans‐anethole (Noyau 14C‐U)
Authors: Herbert Michel , Pichat Louis , Langourieux Yves
Published: October 2006

Methyl iodide 14C is reacted with lithium p‐methoxy phenylacetylenide to give with a 85% yield 1‐p‐methoxy‐phenyl‐1‐propyne‐3‐14C.

Reduction of the latter with LiAlH4 leads to a mixture of trans anethole‐3‐14C (85%) and cis anethole (15%) with a 55% yield. After preparative gas chromatography pure trans anethole‐3‐14C is isolated with an overall yield of 20% based on methyl iodide 14C.

Benzene 14C (U) is brominated into bromobenzene 14C (U) which by copper catalysed alcaline hydrolysis gives phenol 14C (U). Methylation of the latter leads to anisole 14C (U).

Gattermann reaction with the latter gives a mixture of o‐and p‐méthoxy‐benzaldehyde 14C (U) in a 80% yield from which pure para isomere is isolated by colwmn chromatography with a 42% yield based on anisole 14C (U). Treated with ethyl magensium iodide p‐methoxybenzaldehyde leads to 1‐p‐methoxy‐phenyl‐1‐propanol (ring 14C‐U) the dehydration of which by heating with Al2O3 gives a mixture of trans anethole (ring 14C‐U) (80%) and cis anethole (ring 14C‐U) (20%). After preparative gas chromatography pure trans anethole (ring 14C‐U) is isolated with an overall yield of 5% based on barium carbonate 14C.
Preparation of tritium‐labelled α‐dihydrograyanotoxin II
Authors: Soeda Yoshinori
Published: October 2006

α‐Dihydrograyanotoxin II has been labelled with tritium at the C‐10 and C‐19 positions by catalytic hydrogenation of grayanotoxin II. Pd‐catalyzed reduction in tetrahydrofuran produced the α‐form exclusively. The compound was obtained with specific activity 1.21 Ci/mmole and with 99% radio‐chemical purity.
The synthesis of 14C‐diethylamine and lysergic acid diethylamide
Authors: Barnes R. D.
Published: October 2006

The preparation of lysergic acid [14C1]‐diethylamide is described. [14C1]‐Diethylamine was synthesised in three steps; sodium [14C1]‐acetate was treated with thionyl chloride giving [14C1]‐acetyl chloride which was reacted with ethylamine to give N‐ethyl‐[14C1]‐acetamide. Reduction of this amide with lithium aluminium hydride gave [14C1]‐diethylamine which on treatment with a lysergic acid‐imidazole complex gave the required product.
Synthesis of labelled organic compounds for solid state diffusion studies
Authors: Lockhart N. C.
Published: October 2006

The synthesis and purification of suitable radioactive tracers for organic solid state self diffusion experiments is described. Particular attention is paid to the isotope effect which requires two tracers containing different radioactive isotopes, and with as large a mass difference as possible. The latter is accomplished by incorporating a stable isotope in one of the tracers. Active preparations of adamantane, dl‐camphene, bromopentamethyl‐ethane, and hexamethylethane are reported.
Route to the tritiation of carbon atom‐9 of carcinogenic fluorenylhydroxamic acids
Authors: Gutmann H. R. , Bell P.
Published: October 2006

The selective tritiation of the methylene carbon atom of the carcinogens, N‐fluoren‐3‐yl‐and N‐fluoren‐1‐ylacetohydroxamic acid, has been investigated. The synthesis of N‐[9‐3H]fluoren‐3‐ylacetohhydroxamic acid involves hydrogenolysis of 3‐aminofluoren‐9‐one to [9‐3]fluoren‐3‐amine with LiAl3H4‐A1C1‐. The tritiated amine is oxidized to 3‐nitro‐[9‐3H]fluorene with m‐chloroperoxybenzoic and the labeled nitro compound is partially hydrogenated to the 3H‐hydroxamic acid with 10% Pd–C catalyst in presence of acetic anhydride and triethylamine or dimethylaniline. N‐[9‐3H]fluoren‐1‐ylacetohydroxamic acid may be obtained from 1‐aminofluoren‐9‐one by the same procedure. However, N‐[9‐3H]fluoren‐2‐ylacetohydroxamic acid cannot be prepared in this way because reduction of 2‐aminofluoren‐9‐one with LiA1H4‐A1C13 does not proceed beyond the alcohol, 2‐aminofluoren‐9‐ol.
Synthese de L'Acide NN Dichloro‐2, Ethyl, p Amino Phenyl‐4, Butyrique (Chloraminophene) Marque au 14C
Authors: Moreau Jean , Madelmont Jean‐Claude
Published: October 2006

L'acide NN dichloro‐2, ethyl p amino phényl‐4, butyrique est marqué par 14C en trois positions différentes:

sur le carbone portant la fonction carboxylique à partir de K14CN.

uniformément sur les quatre carbones du groupement dichloroéthyl à partir d'oxyde d'éthylène radioactif.

sur le carbone placé en α de la fonction carboxylique à partir de K14CN.
Syntheses of 14C‐labeled cinnamic, mandelic, phenylacetic, phenylglyoxylic, and phenylpyruvic acids
Authors: Larsen Peder Olesen , Wieczorkowska Elizabeth
Published: October 2006

Syntheses are described for 3′‐carboxyphenylpyruvic acid‐2‐C14, 3′‐carboxy‐4′‐hydroxyphenylpyruvic acid‐2‐C14, (E)‐3′,‐carboxycinnamic acid‐2‐C14, (E)‐3′‐carboxy‐4′‐hydroxycinnamic acid‐2‐C14, 3′‐carboxyphenylacetic acid‐1‐C14, 3′‐carboxy‐4′‐hydroxyphenylacetic acid‐1‐C14, 3′‐carboxymandelic acid‐1‐C14, 3′‐carboxy‐4′‐hydroxymandelic acid‐1‐C14, 3′‐carboxyphenylglyoxylia acid‐1‐C14, and 3′‐carboxy‐4′‐hydroxyphenylglyoxylic acid‐1‐C14.
Synthesis of 14C‐labelled (+)‐limonene
Authors: Noda K. , Matsuda T. , Ishikura Y.
Published: October 2006

14C‐labelled (+)‐limonene was conveniently prepared by the Wittig reaction of (+)‐1‐methyl‐4‐acetylcyclohexene with methyl‐14C‐triphenylphosphonium iodide.
The synthesis of 14C‐labelled (U) 2,4,2′,4′‐tetrachlorobiphenyl
Authors: Melvas B.
Published: October 2006

It was possible to prepare 14C‐2,4,2′,4′‐tetrachlorobiphenyl with a purity of 98% by condensation of 14C‐1‐chloro‐2,4‐dinitro‐benzene to yield 14C‐2,4,2′,4′,‐tetranitrobiphenyl and substitution of the nitro groups by chlorine with thionyl chloride. The synthesis must be carried out on a small scale for two reasons‐the cost and the hazards with radioactive material. The synthesis described here was performed on a 10mg scale. Both of the chemical reactions were performed in sealed ampoules and the overall yield varied between 30 and 40%.
The synthesis of 14C‐safrole, myristicin and elemicin labeled in the allyl side chain
Authors: Walker M. , McKinney J. , Oswald E.
Published: October 2006

The preparation of 1‐[ (3′‐14C)‐Allyl]‐3,4‐methylene dioxy‐,1‐[(3′‐14C)‐allyl]‐3‐methoxy‐4,5‐methylene dioxy‐, and 1‐[(3′‐14C)‐allyl]‐3,4,5‐trimethaoxy benzenes is described. The 14C‐label was introduced into the 3′‐carbon of the allylic side chain via the Wittig reaction.
Photo‐oxidation in the synthesis of17O and 18O labelled compounds: Synthesis of xanthone‐18O1
Authors: Pownall Henry J.
Published: October 2006

It it shown that the photo‐oxidation of aromatic molecules containing an active methylene group can be used to introduce isotopic oxygen. Photo‐oxidation of xanthene results in the formation of xanthone with the oxygen label appearing in the product at the carbonyl group. In this way, 100% enrichment can be realized. A brief discussion of other systems to which this method may be extended is also given.
Preparation of fluothane‐82Br by means of recoil labeling
Authors: Hoizumi Kiyoshi , Mogi Terutomi , Kudo Hiroshi
Published: October 2006

Fluothane (1, 1, 1‐trifluoro‐2‐chloro‐2‐bromoethane) is a well known anesthetic, and its labeled compound has been much required for the biological investigation. The method was studied to prepare fluochane‐82Br by means of recoil labeling. More than 20 organic species labeled with bromine‐82 evolved in neutron‐irradiated fluothane. From such the complicated system, however, fluothane‐82Br was purely obtained by the gas chromatographic separation. Under the optimum conditions, the radiochemical yield of fluothane‐82Br contributed to 38%.

When 200 μl of the target material was irradiated with neutrons to the total neutron dose (nvt) of 3.4 × 1016n/cm2, the radioactivity of 82Br‐labeled fluothane isolated almost quantitatively was about 2.7 mCi.
Synthesis of carbon‐14 labeled diphenylhydantoin and its major metabolite 5‐(p‐hydroxyphenyl)‐5‐phenylhydantoin (HPPH) in 70 minutes
Authors: Stavchansky S. , Kostenbauder H. B.
Published: October 2006

A simple and convenient method for the synthesis of carbon‐14 labeled diphenylhydantoin (DPH) (I) and its major metabolite 5‐(p‐hydroxyphenyl)‐5‐phenylhydantoin (HPPH) (II) in 70 minutes is described. This synthesis allows incorporation of carbon‐11‐11 (physical half‐life 20 minutes) into these molecules. Incorporation of short‐lived isotopes into drug molecules provides a vastly expanded potential for study of in vivo distribution of drugs and development of tumor specific agents.
NEW Possibilities of preparative synthesis of radioactive nucleotides V. Enzyme synthesis of tritium labelled uridine 5′‐triphosphate in high yield
Authors: Filip J. , Bohacek L. , Vesely J. , Cihak A.
Published: October 2006

Growth of Escherichia coli B in the presence of sub−bacteriostatic concentration of various compounds results in the enhancement of activity of enzymes catalyzing the transformation of uridine to its 5′‐phosphates. Partially purified extracts of E. coli cultivated in the presence of 1×10−5M 5‐azacytidine were applied for the preparative synthesis of tritium‐labelled uridine 5′‐triphosphate. Yield of the newly formed nucleotide was about 90% and was higher during the short‐term incubation using enzyme extract from the treated cells than that from controls.
Sterol metabolism, XXXI. Synthesis of the epimeric [24‐3H] cholest‐5‐ENE‐3β, 24‐diols
Authors: Lin Yong Yeng , Smith Leland L.
Published: October 2006

A synthesis of [24‐3H] (24S)‐cholest‐5‐ene‐3β, 24‐diol (cerebrosterol) in 12.1% radiochemical yield and of its 24‐epimer has been achieved by sodium borotritide reduction of 3β‐hydroxycholest‐5‐en‐24‐one derived from 3β‐hydroxychol‐5‐enic acid by an improved procedure. The epimeric 3β, 24 diols were separated as the dibenzoate esters, for which circular dichroism data are presented in support of the assigned absolute stereochemistry.
Synthesis of 5α‐pregnane‐3β,20α‐diol and of 5α‐pregnane‐3α,20α‐diol labelled specifically at the 20β‐position
Authors: Baillie T. A. , Herz J. E. , Sjövall J.
Published: October 2006

A convenient synthesis of 5α‐[20β‐2H]pregnane‐3α,20α‐diol and 5α‐[20β‐2H]pregnane‐3β,20α‐diol from 3β‐hydroxy‐5α‐pregn‐16‐en‐20‐one is described. The reaction products are characterized by combined gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry.
The synthesis of 32P and 14C‐labelled o,S‐dimethyl phosphoroamidothioate
Authors: Lubkowitz J. A. , Horler D. F. , Baruel J.
Published: October 2006

O,S‐Dimethyl phosphoroamidothioate has been synthesized with 32P and with 14C in the methoxy and the S‐methyl group. Phosphorus trichloride was reacted with sulfur giving phosphorrus thiochloride. The latter was reacted with methanol in the presence of acridine and calcium oxide yielding O‐methyl phosphorodichloridothioate. Isomerization at 100°C gave S‐methyl phosphorodichloridothioate. Finally, treatment with methanol and ammonia gave O,S‐dimethyl phosphoroamidothioate. 32P‐labelled phosphorus trichloride and 14C‐methanol were appropriately introduced to yield the desired compound.

The intermediates and final product were characterized by NMR, mass spectra and TLC. Products were purified by solvent partition (S‐methyl labelled) and anion exchange chromatography (32P‐labelled). Radiochemical purity was determined by TLC. Liquid Scintillation counting was used to determine specific activities. The 32P‐labelled compound had a specific activity of 163 μCi/mM while the 14C‐methoxy and S‐methyl compounds had specific activities of 86 and 68 μCi/mM respectively.
Synthesis of [3–12′,4′,5′‐triethoxybenzoyl‐(carbonyl‐14C)] propionic acid (AA‐149‐14C)
Authors: Hayashi Nobuyoshi , Toga Tadashi , Murata Tadakazu
Published: October 2006

The synthesis of 3‐[ 2′,4′,5′‐triethoxybenzoyl‐(carbonyl‐14C)]‐propionic acid (VII) is described. Chloroacetonitrile‐14C (IV) was prepared from chloroacetic‐1‐14C acid (I) according to the well‐known procedure. IV was reacted with 1,2,4‐triethoxybenzene in the presence of ZnCl2 and HCl, and the resulting ketoimine hydrochloride was hydrolyzed to 2′,4′,5′‐triethoxyphenacyl‐(carbonyl‐14C) chloride (V) in 66.5% yield. VII was obtained in 66% from ethyl [2′,4′,5′‐triethoxyphenacyl‐(carbonyl‐14C)] malonate (VI) which had been prepared in 57% from V by an application of malonic ester synthesis. The overall radiochemical yield from I to VII was 11.2%.
Biosynthetic preparation of 11C‐labelled galactose, glycerol and mannitol
Authors: Palmer A. J. , Goulding R. W.
Published: October 2006

11C‐labelled galactose, glycerol and mannitol have been prepared biosynthetically from 11C‐labelled carbon dioxide using species of marine algae. Following biosynthesis the labelled compounds are rapidly extracted from the algae and purified by liquid chromatography.
Syntheses de Pyrrolidines Deuteriees
Authors: Rogic D. , Lautie M. F. , Dizabo P. , Leitch L. C.
Published: October 2006

Cinq pyrrolidines di ou tétradeutériées ont été préparées soit par réduction de la cétone correspondante (dideutério‐2,2 pyrrolidine), soit à partir du dérivé N nitrosé après échange en milieu basique (tétradeutério‐2,2,5,5 pyrrolidine) soit enfin par cyclisation d'une chaǐne aliphatique marquée en position souhaitée (dideutério‐3,3, tétradeutério‐2,2,3,3 et tétradeutério‐3,3,4,4 pyrrolidines).
Synthesis of N‐alkane derivatives labelled with several 13C
Authors: Heusler A. , Ganz P. , Gäumann T.
Published: October 2006

The introduction of several 13C‐atoms in the alkane chain is described. A maximum number of compounds, with up to six 13C labels, are obtained with a minimum of different reactions.
The synthesis of 5‐hydroxyindole‐3‐(‐2‐D2‐acetic acid) and α,α′,β,β′‐D4‐5‐hyoroxytryptamine
Authors: Beck Olof , Sedvall Göran
Published: October 2006

Deuterium Labelled 5‐hydroxyindole‐3‐acetic acid and 5‐hydroxy‐tryptamine have been sythesized by a modification of the procedure previously described by Ek and Witkop (9) for the nondeuterated analogues. The deuterium is introduced by a solvent exahange reaction and by reduction with lithium aluminium deuteride. The isotopic yield was > 99%.
Synthesis of a tritium labelled pyrrolizidine alkaloidisenecioyl retronecine
Authors: Hsu I. C. , Allen J. R.
Published: October 2006

Retronecine (7β‐hydroxy‐1‐hydoxymethyl‐1,2‐dehydro‐8α‐pyrrolizidine) (II) which is prepared from the hydrolysis of monocrotaline (I) was oxidized with manganese dioxide in the presence of potassium cyanide to methyl 1,2‐dehydro‐7β‐hydroxy‐8α‐pyrrolizidine‐1‐carboxlate (III). Retronecine (II') was 3H labelled at the 1 methyl proton by the reduction of III with LiAl3H4. The semi‐synthetic pyrrolizidine alkaloid disenecioyl retronecine (Di‐3,3‐dimethylacrylic acid ester of retronecine). having a high specific activity. was prepared by the acylation of 3H retronecine (II') with senecioyl chloride (3,3‐dimethylacryloyl chloride).
Dimethyl trisulfide‐d6
Authors: Harpp David N. , Back Thomas G.
Published: October 2006

Dimethyl trisulfide‐d6 was prepared in high purity and isotopic content. Methane thiol‐d3 was generated by the base decomposition of the appropiate isothiouronium salt. Oxidation was mediated via bis‐phthalimido sulfide with imidazole catalyst.
Synthesis of tritiated juvenile hormones
Authors: Ajami Alfred M. , Crouse Dennis N.
Published: October 2006

General procedures for the tritiation of juvenile hormone analogues are described. Methyl epoxyfarnesoate, ethyl dichlorofarnesoate, epoxygeranyl‐p‐ethylphenyl ether, and ethyl 3,7,11‐trimethyl‐2, 4‐dodecadienoate were prepared with specific activities in the 50 mCi/mmole range by simple reactions that can be carried out directly in the biochemical laboratory without need for special equipment.
Ethynylation of 17‐oxo steroids labelled at position 16. synthesis of lynestrenol‐16‐3H at high specific activity
Authors: Broese A. I. A. , Favier J. S. , van Vliet N. P. , Warrell D. C.
Published: October 2006

The reaction of estr‐4–en‐17‐one‐16‐2H2 and 11α‐hydroxy‐estr‐4‐en‐17‐one‐16‐2H2 with potassium t‐butoxide and acetylene in tetrahydrofuran gave the 17α‐ethynyl‐17β‐ols with nearly complete loss of the label. Ethynylation with ethynyl magnesium bromide in tetrahydrofuran, however, proceeded with retention of the label. Application of the latter method to estrenone‐16‐3H (specific activity 14.0 Ci/mmol) gave lynestrenol‐16‐3H with a specific activity of 13.3 Ci/mmol.
Synthese de l'hydroxy‐9 ellipticine (14C‐1) ou hydroxy‐9 dimethyl‐5, 11 (6h) pyrido [4,3‐b] carbazole (14C‐1)
Authors: Van‐Bac Nguyen , Herbert Michel , Pichat Louis , Janot Maurice‐Marie , Dat‐Xuong Nguyen
Published: October 2006

9‐Hydroxy‐ellipticine (14C‐1), specific activity: 2,13 mCi/mM, has been synthesized for molecular biology and cancer research, from N‐methyl‐formanilide (14C‐formyl). The radioactive overall yield was 13,5% based on sodium formate 14C.
Synthesis of labelled compounds for organic solid state self‐diffusion studies
Authors: Al‐Shaker M. Y. , Chadwick A. V. , Forrest J. W.
Published: October 2006

The synthesis and purification of radioactively labelled forms of hexamethyldisilane, norbornylene [bicyclo(2,2,1)‐hept‐2‐ene], norbornane [bicyclo (2,2,1)‐heptane] and tert‐butylmercaptan [2‐methyl‐2‐propanethiol] is described.
Synthesis of some 14C‐labelled isoxazole derivatives
Authors: Minato H. , Nagasaki T. , Katsuyama Y.
Published: October 2006

Isoxazole derivatives, 3‐sulfanilamido‐5‐methylisoxazole (I) and 3,3‐dimethyl‐1‐(5‐methyl‐3‐isoxazolylcarbonyl)‐urea (II), have been labelled with carbon‐14. The carbon‐14 label was incorporated into the C‐5 of the isoxazole ring to give (I) and (II) in 22.3% and 33.0% radiochemical yield based on acetone‐14C, respectively.
Synthesis of stable isotope labeled norepinephrine
Authors: Murphy H. C.
Published: October 2006

Racemic norepinephrine was synthesized with three deuterium atoms on the alkyl chain. The deuteration was accomplished by D/H exchange on the intermediate, dibenzylaminodihydroxyacetophenone, followed by reduction of the keto moiety and cleavage of the benzyl‐protecting groups with deuterium gas. Noradrenalone was also shown to be a possible intermediate for the incorporation of 180 into norepinephrine.