bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Supporting the next generation
Authors: Ladkin Rosie
Published: February 2020

In the year of the nurse and midwife, Rosie Ladkin explores how qualified midwives can better support their student counterparts
Small Animal Review
Authors: Tennant Bryn
Published: February 2020

Canine influenza virus (CIV) H3N2 is a highly transmissible virus with the potential to cause significant respiratory disease in dogs, and occasionally death. Sources of the virus are predominantly rescue dogs imported from endemic regions e.g. Asia. Outbreaks have major economic implications for kennels and veterinary practices.
Approval of New Agents after Phase II Trials
Authors: Chabner Bruce
Published: February 2020

Overview:

Cancer drug approval has evolved as the understanding of cancer biology, and the ability to select patients for trials of targeted agents, has matured. The longstanding reliance on Phase III trials to prove drug efficacy and positive impact on patient survival may no longer be necessary, as early trials, particularly the expansion phase of a Phase I trial, may provide convincing evidence of a high response rate to a targeted drug in a patient population who has been poorly responsive to conventional therapy. If the new drug produces no safety signals of great concern, and if a validated biomarker for patient selection has been established and is readily available, accelerated approval may be achievable prior to completion of a randomized trial. The advantages, and potential downside, of rapid approval scenarios will be discussed in this article.
A Matter of Timing: Is There a Role for Radiation in Locally Advanced Pancreatic Cancer, and If So, When?
Authors: Hong Theodore S. , Wo Jennifer Y. , Kwak Eunice L.
Published: February 2020

Overview:

The role of radiation therapy in the management of locally advanced pancreatic cancer is controversial. Despite its localized presentation, locally advanced pancreatic cancer is characterized by high rates of metastases. Historic data have been mixed, and newer studies have called into question the use of radiation therapy. However, it appears that patients more likely to benefit from chemoradiation can be identified with an induction phase of chemotherapy. Data evaluating this approach suggest that approximately 30% of patients will develop metastatic disease within the first 3 to 4 months of chemotherapy. Patients without progression who receive chemoradiation therapy may experience improved survival. Future directions include the validation of this strategy and the integration of biologic agents.
A New Model: Physician-Patient Collaboration in Online Communities and the Clinical Practice of Oncology
Authors: West Howard J. , deBronkart Dave , Demetri George D.
Published: February 2020

Overview:

The practice of medicine is in the midst of a fundamental transformation based on the new availability of health information through the Internet and other sources accessible by the broad lay public, as well as on the easy sharing of experiences and content through social media. This is occurring at a time when the volume of new information required for optimal medical care is exceeding that which an individual physician can feasibly follow and master. The changes in cancer care are especially acute as we experience an ongoing reclassification of many disease entities to reflect divisions by molecular variables, often with new clinical options now optimized for very limited patient subsets. The increasing complexity of the field, combined with the high stakes of optimizing treatment decisions and the growing availability of a wide range of information in the public domain, make oncology an area in which patients and caregivers are most motivated to become active seekers of medical information and participants in their care decisions. The credibility of the available online information in such a situation has emerged as a critical issue, but physicians have historically been reluctant to create content or interact with the lay public in online patient communities. Here we will highlight several examples of collaborative engagement between health care professionals and motivated patients in an online environment that illustrate how a new bidirectional or even networked model that is a product of the Internet age can accelerate clinical research and improve delivery of cancer care.
Stem Cell Transplantation for Multiple Myeloma: Who, When, and What Type?
Authors: Krishnan Amrita
Published: February 2020

Overview:

Early randomized trials of high-dose chemotherapy with autologous stem cell rescue showed improved progression-free survival (PFS) over conventional chemotherapy. However, in the era of novel agents for myeloma in conjunction with the evolution of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, many new questions arise. First, how can novel agents be incorporated into the transplant paradigm? Given the efficacy of new induction regimens, should transplant be delayed until relapse? Also, in the era of individualized medicine, chronologic age alone should not drive decisions regarding transplantation. Therefore, the feasibility and role of transplantation in older patients with myeloma is being studied. The controversy of transplant type (i.e., autologous compared with reduced intensity allogeneic transplant) remains unresolved. Several large international trials have demonstrated conflicting results in regard to an overall survival (OS) benefit with the allogeneic approach. The role of allogeneic transplant remains under study especially in the high-risk population, which has high relapse rates with traditional autologous approaches. Future directions to reduce relapse include post-transplantation consolidation and maintenance therapy with either approved agents or new agents and immunotherapy, either vaccine based or natural killer (NK) and T-cell based.
Optimal Use of Imaging to Guide Treatment Decisions for Kidney Cancer
Authors: Stadler Walter M.
Published: February 2020

Overview:

Treatment monitoring for solid tumors in general and for metastatic renal cancer in particular has been dominated by assessment of tumor burden via cross-sectional imaging. This poses a special problem for the mammalian target of rapamycin and vascular endothelial growth factor pathway-directed agents used in this disease. The standard RECIST metrics used to categorize “response” and “progression” are arbitrary and do not adequately capture the effect of these agents. Other approaches, including use of relative RECIST measures as a continuous variable, volumetric measurements, and functional assessments, such as dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging-based quantitative variables and fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography, have been proposed as alternatives, but the data do not support their routine clinical use. Even fewer data are available on the use of baseline imaging characteristics to choose a specific therapy. Therefore, until further research on imaging predictive and intermediate biomarkers matures, a combination of standard cross-sectional imaging and clinical judgment is the most pragmatic option for treatment decision making for patients with metastatic renal cancer.
What Is the Role of Transplantation for Indolent Lymphoma?
Authors: Cassaday Ryan D. , Gopal Ajay K.
Published: February 2020

Overview:

Despite advances in chemoimmunotherapy, indolent B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphomas (B-NHLs) are generally not considered curable with this approach. Much attention has been paid to the prospect of hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) as a way to improve long-term outcomes for this group of diseases. Autologous (auto) HCT provides intensive conditioning therapy followed by rescue of hematopoiesis, and this has been shown in randomized studies to prolong survival compared with more standard chemotherapy, albeit with increased short-term toxicity and the potential for higher rates of secondary malignancies. Allogeneic (allo) HCT can provide anticancer effects beyond the conditioning therapy through the immune-mediated graft-versus-lymphoma (GVL) effect. It can be administered following myeloablative (MA) conditioning or reduced-intensity (RI) regimens aimed at sufficiently suppressing the patient's immune system to allow engraftment of donor hematopoiesis. However, this same potentially curative alloreactivity of the engrafted immune system can lead to graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), a significant cause of morbidity and mortality following allo HCT. This article will discuss the current role of both auto HCT and allo HCT in the management of indolent lymphoma as well as the relative risks and benefits of each approach such that the reader can place this in context of the multitude of options available for patients with indolent B-NHL.
Surgical Options for Recurrent Uterine Sarcomas
Authors: Korets Sharmilee B. , Curtin John P.
Published: February 2020

Overview:

Leiomyosarcoma, the most frequent pure uterine sarcoma, is an aggressive tumor with a tendency toward early relapse. Survival for patients with recurrent disease is poor. In contrast, endometrial stromal sarcoma, the second most common uterine sarcoma, is a more indolent malignancy with a tendency toward recurrence after a long latency period. The relative infrequency of both diseases makes the study and standardization of treatment for recurrent disease challenging. Treatment of recurrence with cytotoxic chemotherapy, radiation therapy, or hormone therapy produces modest to poor response rates. Surgical resection is one treatment modality offering the potential for cure and perhaps a more durable response than is seen with medical management. Although initial studies focused on pulmonary metastasectomy in recurrent soft tissue sarcoma, an increasingly large body of data specifically evaluating outcomes after both thoracic and extrathoracic metastasectomy in patients with recurrent uterine sarcoma is now available. Though no prospective trials have been conducted, retrospective comparisons of chemotherapy or radiation therapy with surgery for recurrent uterine sarcoma suggest improvement in disease-specific survival for the surgery group. Clearly defined factors are associated with better prognosis after surgical resection of recurrence, including a prolonged disease-free interval and complete resection of disease. In properly selected women, surgery and even repeated metastasectomy for recurrent disease may improve survival and should be considered.
Ductal Carcinoma In Situ, and the Influence of the Mode of Detection, Population Characteristics, and Other Risk Factors
Authors: Virnig Beth A. , Wang Shi-Yi , Tuttle Todd M.
Published: February 2020

Overview:

Approximately 25% of breast cancers in the United States are diagnosed as ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS). Rates of DCIS have risen from 5.8 per 100,000 women in the 1970s to 32.5 per 100,000 in 2004. This pattern is generally attributed to increased use of screening mammography. DCIS is a major risk factor for invasive breast cancer, and considerable controversy remains about whether DCIS should be considered a direct precursor of invasive breast cancer. There is, however, a general consensus that DCIS represents an intermediate step between normal breast tissue and invasive breast cancer. Although the majority of major risk factors are similar for DCIS and invasive breast cancer, prognostic factors including estrogen and progesterone receptor status and HER2 positivity are less well studied but look to have similar value in both cases. The use of postdiagnostic MRI, sentinel lymph node biopsy, surgery, radiation, and endocrine therapy are all evolving as evidence from randomized and observational studies continues to accumulate. Treatment of DCIS requires a balance between risk of overtreatment and undertreatment. Ongoing studies are focusing on whether partial-breast irradiation is as effective as whole-breast irradiation and whether treatment with endocrine therapies can reduce the likelihood of either invasive breast cancer or DCIS recurrence. In general, treatment decisions should take into account the likelihood that an apparent case of DCIS could harbor foci of invasive disease.
Radiation in Rectal Cancer: What Are the Options and If/When Can It Be Avoided?
Authors: Goodman Karyn A.
Published: February 2020

Overview:

Treatment of rectal cancer has improved greatly over recent decades. This review looks at the pivotal trials in the development of the current standard of therapy as well as new directions for more individualized therapy for rectal cancer. Rates of local recurrence and overall survival (OS) for surgery alone have improved with the use of (neo)adjuvant 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-based chemoradiation. New surgical techniques have improved outcomes, but preoperative radiotherapy still confers an additional benefit. Despite benefits in the metastatic setting, the addition of oxaliplatin to 5-FU and radiotherapy has not shown improved outcomes, although it increased toxicity. Preoperative therapy also allows for the identification of predictive and prognostic markers for response to treatment, which has great potential to individualize treatment. Currently, the search for validated biomarkers and the refinement of risk stratification are the focus of ongoing study. Tailored therapy may include modification of the pelvic radiotherapy field, nonoperative therapy, or avoidance of radiotherapy.
"The European Committee of Social Rights as a Monitoring Body in the System of the European Social Charter"
Authors: Gadkowski Aleksander
Published: February 2020

The aim of this article is to present the European Committee of Social Rights as a moni-toring treaty body in the system of the European Social Charter. The author pays par-ticular attention to the mechanism of collective complaints, which was introduced to the Charter’s supervisory system on the basis of the 1995 Additional Protocol. In the author’s opinion, on the basis of the competence of the European Committee of Social Rights to hear collective complaints, it is arguable that this important treaty body in the system of the European Social Charter performs the function of a quasi-judicial organ in the monitoring process, which distinguishes it from other treaty bodies in the field of the international protection of human rights
In medias res – the mediation conundrum
Authors: Mateus Samuel
Published: February 2020

It was not until the emergence, in the 19th century, of new technical devices – such as the telegraph and the phonograph – that the term medius came to serve as a collective noun (media) for advanced communication technologies. Although mediation is extensively theorized in philosophy and sociology, and is approached by medium theory and media studies, the concept remains undertheorized in the field of communication theory.

By exploring the problem of mediation and by challenging its representationalist and transmissive accounts, this paper posits mediation beyond the medium. It traces mediation as a relational principle which can be best understood as modulation involving inherent translation, inflection and movement. Mediation is not a simple transportation of meaning through a passive intermediary. It is not just something which stands or comes between things otherwise separated or opposed. Mediation is neither a middle-thing linking separate entities, nor do things get mediated: They are already forms of mediation. Mediation is, foremost, a connecting mean that generates modified experiences and relations, a modulating process that re-connects at the moment it separates.
On Determinant Expansions for Hankel Operators
Authors: Blower Gordon , Chen Yang
Published: February 2020

Let w be a semiclassical weight that is generic in Magnus’s sense, and

(

p

n

)

n
=
0

∞

({p_n})_{n = 0}^\infty

the corresponding sequence of orthogonal polynomials. We express the Christoffel–Darboux kernel as a sum of products of Hankel integral operators. For ψ ∈ L∞
(iℝ), let W(ψ) be the Wiener-Hopf operator with symbol ψ. We give sufficient conditions on ψ such that 1/ det W(ψ) W(ψ−1) = det(I − Γϕ

1
Γϕ

2) where Γϕ

1 and Γϕ

2 are Hankel operators that are Hilbert–Schmidt. For certain, ψ Barnes’s integral leads to an expansion of this determinant in terms of the generalised hypergeometric 2m
F
2m-1. These results extend those of Basor and Chen [2], who obtained 4
F
3 likewise. We include examples where the Wiener–Hopf factors are found explicitly.
Electrochemical reduction mechanism of several oxides of refractory metals in FClNaKmelts
Authors: Li Hui , Jia Lei , Wang Jing , Liang Jing-long , Yan Hong-yan , Cai Zong-ying , Wang Le
Published: February 2020

The dissolution characteristics and electrochemical reduction mechanism of oxides of refractory metals ZrO2, HfO2and MoO3in NaCl-KCl-NaF melts are studied. The results shows that there are no chemical reaction of ZrO2and HfO2in NaCl-KCl-NaF melts, the dissolution of MoO3is chemically dissolved, and MoO3reactwith melts to form Na2Mo2O7. The reduction process of zirconium in the NaCl-KCl-NaF-ZrO2melts is a reversible process of one-step electron transfer controlled by diffusion. The electrochemical reduction process of ruthenium is a one-step reversible process and the product is insoluble; Electrochemical reduction of metallic molybdenum in melts is controlled by the diffusion and electron transfer process of active ion Mo2O27−. The electrochemical reduction process of the metal molybdenum in the melts is carried out in two steps.
Study on utterances of administrative law enforcement in van Dijk’s critical discourse analysis
Authors: Wu Jingjing , Sun Yuxiu
Published: February 2020

This study explores the administrative law enforcement from three perspectives, namely, discourse, cognition and society, according to van Dijk’s theory of critical discourse studies. “Discourse” is the essential linguistic analysis of administrative law enforcement, which may lead to the tension between law-executors and law-breakers, as well as to ease the conflicts and achieve the balance, so that the discourse mode with considerable tolerance and explanation is of great significance for improving the current practice of administrative law enforcement. “Cognition” deals with psychological model based on cognitive and social psychology. In the interaction of administrative law enforcement, the social roles are institutionalized by the context, which is achieved through knowledge background, cognitive methods, communicative purpose, role expectations and information transmission. “Society” focuses on the investigation of institutions, powers and groups based on sociology. There are normative factors and non-normative variables in the administrative law enforcement: the former refers to superior will, judicial review, supervision and defense of law-breaker, while the latter involves administrative habits and experience, natural emotions, interest and mass media. In the institutional context, social variables affect the implementation of administrative law enforcement in different discourse modes.
Filterrotationsspektrometer für den Nachweis von Ethen im ppb-Bereich
Authors: Eberhardt André , Bauersfeld Marie-Luise , Schmitt Katrin , Wöllenstein Jürgen
Published: February 2020

Ethen (Ethylen,

C

2

H

4

{\text{C}_{2}}{\text{H}_{4}}

) ist eines der wichtigsten Phytohormone im Reifungsprozess klimakterischer Früchte. Die Menge des emittierten Ethens liefert Informationen über den aktuellen Reifezustand dieser Früchte. Deshalb können Ethensensoren in der Lieferkette für die Umsetzung fortschrittlicher Logistik-Prozesse wie dem First-Expired-First-Out-Prozess (FEFO) eingesetzt werden. Diese Arbeit beschreibt den aktuellen Stand der Entwicklung eines kostengünstigen Filterrotationsspektrometers für den Nachweis von Ethen in der klimakterischen Reifephase von Früchten. Das Spektrometer basiert im Wesentlichen auf Komponenten, die auch in nichtdispersiven Infrarotsensoren (NDIR) zum Einsatz kommen. Durch eine modellbasierte Auswertung der gemessenen Spektren konnte die Stabilität eines ersten Laborprototyps gegenüber klassischen NDIR-Sensoren deutlich verbessert werden. In Verbindung mit einer optimierten Langwegzelle wurde eine Nachweisgrenze von 150 ppb erreicht. Simulationen haben außerdem gezeigt, dass sich dieses Prinzip auch für die quantitative Bestimmung potentieller Querempfindlichkeitsgase wie Ammoniak (

NH

3

{\text{NH}_{3}}

) und Kohlenstoffdioxid (

CO

2

{\text{CO}_{2}}

) eignet. Durch Verknüpfung der Simulations- und Messergebnisse wird eine Nachweisgrenze von 0,19 % für

CO

2

{\text{CO}_{2}}

und 62 ppb für

NH

3

{\text{NH}_{3}}

erwartet.
Evaluating the Use of Avida-ED Digital Organisms to Teach Evolution & Natural Selection
Authors: Abi Abdallah Delbert S. , Fonner Christopher W. , Lax Neil C. , Babeji Matthew R. , Palé Fatimata A.
Published: February 2020

The concepts of evolution and natural selection remain as some of the most challenging topics to teach. The difficulty in teaching these topics arises from the fact that evolution is difficult to observe, and computer simulations do not always result in a clear understanding of evolutionary principles. Recently, the Avida-ED software has been developed to simulate evolution in a laboratory setting. Unlike other simulations, Avida-ED allows students to manipulate the environment, change the genetics of the virtual organisms, and track offspring in real time. We have demonstrated, by using pretest and posttest questionnaires, that students gained a deeper understanding of evolutionary concepts by using this software. In particular, students showed the greatest increase in their ability to explain evolutionary concepts in answers to open-ended questions. Our results show that Avida-ED could be a useful tool in helping students understand and combat preconceived notions about evolution.
Increasing Life Span of Government Housings of Chandigarh – A Need-Based Approach to Retrofit Through Prototype Study of E-Type Housing
Authors: PREETI PAHWA  , ANISH SHARMA
Published: February 2020

This paper describes a project undertaken by the authors during their post-graduate studies at the University of Shefield. The intent of the project was to identify building(s) that need up-gradation/retroit, establish why retroit is required, what kind of retroit is needed and which techniques to employ, using a case-sensitive approach. However, the scope of this paper is limited to the irst two objectives of the project and the recognition of retroit techniques is left open-ended  so as to leave room for future debates and deliberations.The city of Chandigarh has always been highlight prominently on India’s architectural heritage map. Various buildings designed by Le Corbusier and his team (comprising Pierre Jeanerette, Jane Drew and Maxwell Fry) are like jewels (to be treasured) on this map. Still, ever since these buildings, especially the government housings, came into existence, no systematic procedures have been undertaken to analyse and assess their deterioration with time and usage. Passing down the streets of Chandigarh, one would observe how drastically the housings have been modiied, and in some cases, have lost their original appeal.The paper is essentially drafted in three parts. The irst part illustrates the conditions and political background in which these buildings were designed, so as to better understand the essence of this architecture. The second part tries to comprehend the current state of one of the many types of the Government Housings present in Chandigarh – the ‘House Type E1’ in Panjab University. Lastly, the authors use various scales, like present seismic byelaws and Computer Aided simulation tools, to evaluate how the given housing now fares in terms of structural stability and thermal & visual comfort.
Assessing the Need of Adaptive Changes for Emerging NORCs in Urban India
Authors: SUTAPA DAS  , MOUSUMI GUPTA  , SHIVASHISH BOSE
Published: February 2020

Due to population ageing, today’s high-rise apartments in Indian cities, which are currently mainly owned by young professionals, will turn into naturally occurring retirement communities (NORCs) in near future. Though many urban housing complexes of 1970s and 1980s are already serving as NORCs, the term is comparatively new to Indian housing research. This huge existing housing stock is inadequate for special gerontological needs of the elderly, who are fragile and socially vulnerable. Informal opinion of common people revealed that holistic requirement for elderly in housing is still grossly confused with vertical transport, i.e., elevators, and little attention is paid to other architectural features. As part of an ongoing doctoral study, a detailed literature review was undertaken on the vulnerability profile of Indian urban elderly in the context of special requirements of barrier-free housing. This article aims to establish the urgent need to assess the adaptive potential of existing housing communities serving as NORCs in Indian cities, such that new housing in the future can be planned with flexible approach.
Pushing Limits of Leanness in Japanese Architecture: Modern Interpretations of the Frame Structure through Collaboration of Japanese Architects with Structural Engineers
Authors: Takashi Ono
Published: February 2020

The purpose of this research paper is to clarify the design intentions and methodology behind the experimental application of the Frame Structure by some contemporary Japanese architects through collaboration with structural engineers. The ‘Frame’ is the simplest of structure systems, but was applied to iconic structures such as the Parthenon and Le Corbusier’s Dom-Ino House, each example expressing artistic concepts and technical skills of the concerned era. One of the recent concepts seen in 21st century modern Japanese architecture is the ‘pursuit of transparency and thinness’. This is especially true of SANAA, are presentative group of architects, who – in close collaboration with structural engineers – pursue the quality of extreme thinness in columns and roofs, creatively exploring new methods of using framed structures. This paper focuses on three such projects that exploit the structural aspects of frame construction and, makes an attempt to understand the architects’ intention behind the designs. It presents an analysis of the contemporary interpretation of the traditional frame structure, used by the architects to apparently dissolve the material presence of the building and make it become part of the surroundings. These innovative attempts, made possible through collaboration between architects and structural engineers, signify one of the significant expressions of modernity in Japan.
Флороценотичне різноманіття озер Присамар’я у порівнянні зі штучними водоймами
Authors: Roschina N. O.
Published: February 2020

Представлено результати досліджень флори водойм долини р. Самари. Наведе-но список та проведено аналіз водної флори та ценозів озер та штучних водойм. Най-більшим флороценотичним різноманіттям відрізняються водойми заплави та арениріки Самари, найменшим – штучні водойми. Це пов’язано зі ступенем антропоген-ного впливу, а також гідрологічними та геоморфологічними особливостями умов іс-нування видів.
Екоморфи дерново-літогенних ґрунтів на червоно-бурих глинах
Authors: Zhukov A. V. , Zadorozhnaya G. А.
Published: February 2020

Досліджено просторову варіабельність твердості дерново-літогенного ґрунту ді-лянки рекультивації Нікопольського марганцево-рудного басейну по регулярнійсітці (105 точок). Зроблено екоморфічний аналіз рослинності. Встановлено ступінь просторової залежності показників твердості досліджуваного ґрунту пошарово че-рез кожні 5 см на глибину 50 см. Побудовано карти просторового розподілу показни-ків твердості технозему по шарах. Спряженість варіацій зовнішніх ознак з просторо-вою гетерогенністю ґрунту підтверджує екологічний характер формування виявле-них ґрунтових структур – екоморф – та дає можливість їх змістовного опису.
Динаміка біологічної активності ґрунтів лісових біогеоценозів Присамар’я
Authors: Kulik A. F.
Published: February 2020

Представлены результаты исследований одного из показателей биологическойактивности почв – содержание углекислого газа, характеризующее интенсивностьдыхания в почвах. Установлено, что биологическая активность почв исследованныхнасаждений Quercus robur L. приближалась к активности в природных лесных био-геоценозах и зависела от сезонной динамики, лесорастительных условий, типа дре-востоя, влажности и др.
Динаміка активності супероксиддисмутази та каталази у листках Аilanthus altissima за аеротехногенного забруднення
Authors: Legostayeva T. V. , Michlik K. G. , Rossichina-Galicha A. S.
Published: February 2020

У листках айланту найвищого (Ailanthus altissima Swingle), особини якого зроста-ють на територіях з хронічним аеротехногенним навантаженням, визначено актив-ність основних оксидоредуктаз: супероксиддисмутази (СОД) (ЕС 1.15.1.1) і каталази(ЕС 1.11.1.6). Зміни сезонної динаміки активності антиоксидантних ферментів, що зне-шкоджують активні форми кисню, вказують на їх участь в реалізації виду Ailanthusaltissima Swingle стратегії адаптації до комбінованого впливу полютантів. Встановлено,що рослини айланту найвищого впродовж вегетації пристосовуються до несприятливихумов існування за рахунок підвищення активності супероксиддимутази та каталази.
Аналіз пірогенних процесів у лісах дніпропетровського ОУЛМГ
Authors: Vdovichenko V. M.
Published: February 2020

Наведено результати аналізу пірогенних процесів у лісах Дніпропетровськогообласного управління лісового та мисливського господарства та даних державно-го підприємства «Новомосковський військовий лісгосп» до приєднання. Виявленонайбільш пожежонебезпечні підприємства та закономірності динаміки цих процесів.
Від джерел до сьогодення…
Authors: Fedonenko O. V. , Klimenko O. Yu. , Dragan Yu. M.
Published: February 2020

Представлено історичний нарис становлення і розвитку кафедри загальної біо-логії та водних біоресурсів з моменту її започаткування і до теперішнього часу.Освітлено інформацію про заснування кафедри, її керівників, професорсько-ви-кладацького складу, профілюючих напрямів роботи, науково-дослідних тематик,наукових шкіл та дисциплін, які викладались у різні періоди. Надано інформаціюпро основні завдання кафедри сьогодення.
Development and modern state of gardens and parks of former iron mines at Kryvorizhzhya
Authors: Savosko V. M. , Tovstolyak N. V.
Published: February 2020

The aim of the study to analyze the development and modern state of the gardens and parks of the former iron mines at Kryvorizhzhya.

During 2013-2017, nine objects of landscape and park at Kryvorizhzhya were explored. Among them were: 1) seven operating parks («Ternivskyi», «Shakhtarskyi», «Zatyshnyi», Suvorov sports park, park near the Palace of Culture of mine «Rodina», «Saksahanskyi», «Rudanivskyi»), one abandonment park in the exclusion zone (Park of mine «Hvardiiska»), one garden of hotel «Park House» (private property). Initially, a historical description of the above objects of landscaping, as well as their structural and functional organization was presented. In the future, in the field conditions, by the route method, the present state of the gardens and parks was investigated and the general level of development of their shoots and shrubs was determined.

System creation of gardens and parks on the territory of former iron mines of Kryvorizhzhya began in the 30's of the 20th century, and became massive in the 50's and 60's of the twentieth century. After 80 years of the 20th century there was a change in their owners, a decrease in their social status and the cessation of necessary expenses for their maintenance.

At the beginning of the XXI century, among the gardens and parks of the former iron mines of Kryvorizhzhya, in the best condition is the Garden of the Hotel «Park House», which incorporates modern garden and park technology.

Now the parks «Shakhtarskyi» and «Saksahanskyi» have the official status – the district parks of the city. The park «Ternivskyi» has the informal status of the main park of the neighborhood.

That's why all these parks are actively used, and their territory is relatively well-groomed. Simultaneously others Parks («Zatyshnyi», near the Palace of Culture of mine «Rodina» and «Rudanivskyi») turned out to be less popular for visitors and less for owners. Therefore, their area and plantations - only partially well-groomed. Suvorov sports park, as well as Park of mine «Hvardiiska» are most de-structured. Therefore, their territory is practically unhealthy and the species composition of trees and shrubs degrades.

In general, the current state of the gardens and parks of the former iron mines of Kryvorizhzhya depends on «social demand», the degree of their remoteness from residential areas and containment technologies. The obtained results can be used during the development and substantiation of the system of measures for optimization of existing and designing of new garden and park plantings in industrial regions. In further research it is expedient to analyze the environmental conditions of the gardens and parks of the former iron mines of Kryvorizhzhya, as well as the floristic composition and the condition of woody-shrub species. In addition, it makes sense to expand the list of these mines and explore the gardens and parks of inactive mines to them May 1 and Ingulets.
MOBILE APPLICATIONS FOR EDUCATION – AN INTERACTIVE WAY FOR TEACHING AND LEARNING
Authors: Angelova Nadezhda
Published: February 2020

Learning and teaching nowadays could be done at a different stage of our lives. Mobile technologies and applications support and facilitate the learning process because they provide easy and fast access to learning resources at any time and place. These applications can be successfully combined and used as a tool for formal and non-formal learning, offering interactive features that activate learners and create a new and familiar learning environment. This article aims to provide examples of educational mobile applications, their main features, as well as ways to be effectively used in the educational process.
Unsuccessful language learners: the content of the notion and the typology
Authors: Igolkina Natal’ya I.
Published: February 2020

The necessity to improve effectiveness and efficiency in education forces teachers and scholars to create and implement new forms of interventions. Unsuccessful language learners need special consideration from the teachers to diagnose the courses of low performance and apply effective means to improve their performance in foreign language learning. Various problems which language learners face in second language acquisition lead to considering unsuccessful learners as a separate phenomenon. The comparison of the terms «unsuccessful learners» и «low performance learners» has shown that the former term comprises subjective learning assessment, whereas the latter term includes the assessment of the performance correspondence to certain criteria. The approach to unsuccessful learners typology is introduced which is based on the relations between four factors. Behavioural factor reflects the use or lack of language learning strategies use. Cognitive factor is based on the language aptitude scores and depends on the development of cognitive functions. Emotional factor is characterised by the emotional intelligence level. Linguistic factor is revealed in the comparison of the native and target languages as well as in the peculiarities of the first language speech. The further development of this typology will allow researchers to develop diagnostic tools to define the courses of failures and low performance and to create recommendations and tools for language teachers.
The effects of melatonin administration in determined times of day on the kidney in rats with high-calorie diet-induced obesity
Authors: Kalmukova O. , Kushmyruk T. , Dzerzhynsky M.
Published: February 2020

Kidneys, like the cardiovascular system, are one of the main target organs, the most vulnerable to obesity, because the first take on the metabolism correction function at an increasing excess of fat tissue in the body. Kidney affection under obesity is a multifactorial thing that is caused by a number of processes, including inflammation, oxidative stress, lipid metabolism disorders, renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system activation, insulin resistance and other factors. An optimal candidate for
reducing the harmful effects of kidneys obesity should be a compound that simultaneously exhibits anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, controls the circadian rhythm, and also affects on the adipokines secretion. The molecule that meets these conditions is melatonin.The aim of our study was to determine morpho-functional state (morphology characteristic of kidney glomeruli and tubules; morphometric parameters: area and density of glomeruli) of kidney in rats with high-calorie (high fat) diet-induced obesity after melatonin administration in determined time of the day. Melatonin was administered daily by gavage for 7 weeks in dose 30 mg/kg 1 h before lights-off (ZT11) rats with high-calorie diet (HCD). Rats with HCD had huge changes in kidney morphology, which manifested in presence of numerous mesangial cells outside glomeruli and lipid droplets in tubules epithelial cells, while area and density of glomeruli in cm2 decrease. In general kidney with above mentioned characteristic from HCD rats lose their ability to conduct strongly renal function. After melatonin used in rats with HCD arise leveling of pathological changes, which associated with consumption of HCD. Namely, in rats with development obesity
melatonin administrations led to increase area and density in comparison to HCD group, moreover glomeruli density reach control values. This is suggest that melatonin have protecting effect against glomerular degeneration. In conclusions, melatonin influence on kidney morpho-functional state in rats with HCD and turn back pathological its changes, moreover evening administration can use for obesity therapy via its strong action on conservation glomerular morphology.
THE INFLUENCE OF LASER RADIATION ON VEGF EXPRESSION IN THYROID TISSUE IN EXPERIMENTAL HYPOTHYROIDISM
Authors: Golovneva E S , Smelova I V
Published: February 2020

The aim was to study the effect of infrared laser irradiation of average intensity with the total dose of 112 J/cm2 and 450 J/cm2 on the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in thyroid tissue in normal and hypothyroidism. The experiment was conducted on 30 male laboratory rats. Animals were removed from the experiment one day after irradiation. Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor was determined by immunohistochemical method. It was shown that laser exposure in the studied doses increases the expression of VEGF in the thyroid gland of intact animals and, to a greater extent, in hypothyroid animal groups. When comparing the effects of the two studied modes of laser exposure, it was found that VEGF expression is greater after exposition to the total dose density of 450 J/cm2 on the skin surface. The obtained results could be used for further development of laser therapy methods for hypothyroidism in experiment.
Candida brain damage on the background of HIV-infection
Authors: Uliukin I M , Bulygin M A , Bulankov Yu I , Orlova E S
Published: February 2020

A clinical case of the asymptomatic onset of HIV-infection on the background of clinically significant osteochondrosis and hypertension in the absence of an epidemiological history, and an analysis of the scientific literature on the problem are presented. It is important to note the low level of viral load in the patient, but there are conflicting reports in the literature about the correlation of levels of HIV viral RNA in the cerebrospinal fluid in patients with neurological manifestations. The treatment and diagnostic tactics in diagnostically unclear cases are discussed.
CHEMICAL SYNTHESIS AND ANALYSIS OF ANTIMICROBIAL AND HEMOLYTIC ACTIVITY OF STRUCTURAL ANALOGOUS OF A PEPTIDE PROTEGRIN 1
Authors: Kopeykin P M , Sukhareva M S , Lugovkina N V , Shamova O V
Published: February 2020

Search for new tools for combating infectious diseases and investigation of molecular mechanisms of their antimicrobial action in in vitro and in vivo models are the urgent tasks of experimental medicine and pathophysiology. A promising direction for the development of new effective antibiotic drugs is creation of analogues of natural protective molecules that provide a host defense against pathogenic bacteria, in particular analogues of antimicrobial peptides of the innate immune system. The aim of our work was design, chemical synthesis and characterization of antimicrobial and hemolytic activity of a peptide protegrin 1 (PG1) structural variants. Three analogues of PG1 were produced and studied, it was shown that two PG1 variants exhibit a high activity against antibiotic-resistant bacteria. A comparative analysis of the hemolytic activity of the peptides towards human erythrocytes was carried out. The ways of further work directed to creation of novel antimicrobials based on a natural peptide PG1 for combating drug-resistant bacteria are outlined.
AUTONOMIC NERVOUS REGULATION OF HEART RATE AND BIOELECTRIC BRAIN ACTIVITY AT THE HEART RATE VARIABILITY BIOFEEDBACK IN HUMANS DEPENDING FROM THE INITIAL SERUM TNF-α LEVEL
Authors: Poskotinova L V , Demin D B , Krivonogova E V , Stavinskaya O A , Balashova S N
Published: February 2020

The aim of this study was to determine the amplitude-frequency characteristics of the electroencephalogram (EEG) and heart rate variability (HRV) in humans, depending on the initial serum TNF-α level at a single session of heart rate variability biofeedback (HRV BF) due to increase the total power of the HRV spectrum. Among hypertensive individuals (blood pressure 140-160/80-100 mm Hg) subgroups with an optimal serum TNF-α level (below than 75 quartile - 84,4 pg/ml) and with a high serum TNF-α level (more than 84,4 pg/ml) were selected. In individuals with an optimal serum level of TNF-α, an increase in the total HRV spectral power, a decrease in the stress index, systolic blood pressure and a decrease in the EEG power in the theta range in the frontal brain regions after HRV BF session were identified. In individuals with a high serum TNF-α level the effectiveness of HRV BF was minimal against the background of continuing sympathicotonia and high theta EEG-activity.
Parameters of immunity and systemic inflammation in endogenous psychosis
Authors: Malashenkova I K , Ogurtsov D P , Krynskiy S A , Hailov N A , Chekulaeva E I , Didkovsky N A , Mamoshina M V , Ushakov V L , Morozova A Yu , Zakharova N V , Kostyuk G P
Published: February 2020

The aim of the work was to study the factors of natural and adaptive immunity and systemic inflammation in subacute stage of schizophrenia to clarify the role of these systems in the chronization of the disease. 31 patients with the diagnosis of schizophrenia (SCI) with paranoid after 3-4 weeks of therapy were examined. The control group included 16 healthy volunteers. Markers of systemic inflammation and immunity, including key cytokines and lymphocyte subpopulations, were investigated. Increased levels of IgМ, C-reactive protein and cortisol in the blood were found in patients with SCI. Also in most cases the content of proinflammatory proteins IL-8, IL-6 and IL-10 was increased. The greatest increase in the levels of systemic inflammation and cytokines was found in patients with first psychotic episode. The content of HT was more often normal, but the level of NT-4 and nerve growth factor β (NGFβ) in most patients was positively associated with levels of IL-6. At low levels of BDNF a significant increase in levels of CIC, cortisol, IL-8, IL-6 and IL-10, but not Ig were found. Also, in patients with low BDNF symptoms of delusions prevailed, while in cases of normal or elevated BDNF (19 out of 24 cases), in addition to delusions, hallucinations were pronounced. Conclusion. It is believed that antipsychotic drugs reduce systemic inflammation and activity of the immune system. However, we have found signs of severe systemic inflammation, activation and dysfunction of the immune system in patients with SCI after 3-4 weeks of therapy. Preservation of immune disorders and systemic inflammation in patients with SCI despite clinical improvement can participate in the progression of the disease through neuroimmune interactions. Further studies of the trigger mechanisms of chronic immune activation are needed.
ESPECIALLY CELLULAR IMMUNITY IN PATIENTS WITH TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY OF DIFFERENT SEVERITY IN ACUTE PERIOD
Authors: Norka A O , Kuznetsova R N , Kudryavtsev S V , Kovalenko S N , Serebriakova M K , Vorobyev S V
Published: February 2020

Currently, it is known that in response to brain damage a reaction from the immune system is triggered, but its role in the formation of clinical manifestations remains a little-studied problem to date. Using multicolor cytometric analysis, a study was conducted to determine the number of Th1-, Th2-, Tfh- and Th17-cells among CD45RA-negative CD3+CD4+ cells in a group of patients with mild TBI (M-TBI, n = 20) and with moderate to severe TBI (MS-TBI, n = 16) and a group of conditionally healthy donors (n = 30). The imbalance between Th2 cells and Th17 cells was found in patients with TBI in the acute period, which probably predetermines the course of the disease and the development of complications.
THYMIC STRESS-INDUCED ATROPHY AND MAST CELLS
Authors: Polevshchikov A V , Gusel’nikova V V
Published: February 2020

In a study using histological methods, the dynamics of thymic mast cells was evaluated in response to the administration of hydrocortisone to white outbred mice. It was established that 48 hrs after the administration of the hormone, the number of mast cells increases 10-fold, while cells appear at all stages of maturation. In parallel, the level of mast cell degranulation increases. Maturation of mast cells within the thymus and their participation in the regulation of cell migration and remodeling of the extracellular matrix under stress is assumed.