bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Delphi‐study to identify drivers of future angling participation in five Nordic countries
Authors: Stensland Stian , Skov Christian , Agnarsson Sveinn , Rönnbäck Patrik , Vehanen Teppo , Blicharska Malgorzata , Olaussen Jon Olaf , Kagervall Anders , Hellström Gustav , Blyth Samuel , Gundelund Casper , Aas Øystein
Published: August 2024

The Delphi method was used to gather assessments from 93 experts about drivers of future angling participation by locals and tourist anglers in Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden. The main drivers of future angling participation related to habitat and fish populations, and access to and information about fishing. For Norway and Finland, the predicted future decline in local angler numbers was consistent with a life‐cycle model of recreational fisheries, while the anticipated increase for the three other countries contradicted the model. For tourist anglers, growth was expected for both domestic and foreign tourists. Long‐term and societal drivers, such as urbanization, sociocultural changes, and climate change were not seen as strong drivers, and may be considered out of reach by managers, but should be included with information and conservation drivers in angler recruitment and retention strategies.
TFE3‐rearranged nonmelanotic renal PEComa: a case series expanding their phenotypic and fusion landscape
Authors: Agaimy Abbas , Acosta Andres M , Cheng Liang , Collins Katrina , Fridman Eddie , Schubart Christoph , Williamson Sean R , Hartmann Arndt , Trpkov Kiril
Published: August 2024

Aims

A subset of exceptionally rare primary renal perivascular epithelioid cell tumours (PEComas) that harbour Xp11.2 translocation have been reported, but no larger series devoted to this topic have been published.

Methods and Results

We describe the clinicopathological and molecular features of 10 renal PEComas, collected from our routine and consultation files. There were five female and five male patients aged 14–65 (median: 32 years). One patient had a history of childhood neuroblastoma, but no patients were known to have a tuberous sclerosis complex or other hereditary disorder. Complete surgical excision was the treatment for all patients. The available follow‐up in five patients indicated a favourable outcome in 4/5 cases. Tumour size ranged from 2.8 to 15.2 cm (median, 5.2 cm). Immunohistochemistry revealed consistently strong TFE3 expression in all tumours, whereas PAX8 and keratin cocktails were uniformly negative. Other positive markers included HMB45 (7/9 tumours), CathepsinK (7/9 tumours), and CD117 (KIT) (3/5 tumours). TFE3 rearrangements were detected in 8/9 tumours (by targeted RNA sequencing in seven and by FISH in one). The identified fusion partners included SFPQ (n = 2) and one tumour each with ASPSCR1, ZC3H4, MED15, RBMX, and PRCC. One tumour that lacked TFE3 rearrangement by next‐generation sequencing (NGS) and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) revealed a large intrachromosomal deletion involving PKD1 and TSC2 by DNA‐based NGS.

Conclusion

This study highlights the morphologic and genetic diversity of TFE3‐rearranged primary renal PEComas and underlines the value of surrogate TFE3 immunohistochemistry in identifying them. The lack of PAX8 and keratin expression represents the mainstay for distinguishing these tumours from MiTF‐associated renal cell carcinomas. In addition, we report rare (ZC3H4, RBMX) and novel (MED15) TFE3 fusion partners in PEComa.
Energy storage behaviors and synchronously electric modulations of photoluminescence in Er/Yb‐codoped Pb0.96La0.04Zr0.90Ti0.10O3 and AgNbO3 antiferroelectrics: A noncontact charge/discharge monitoring method
Authors: Yang Bingqing , Chen Xingyu , Xie Jiaxing , Huang Lijuan , Wu Xiao , Zhao Chunlin , Lin Tengfei , Gao Min , Lin Cong
Published: August 2024

Antiferroelectric (AFE) Pb0.96La0.04Zr0.90Ti0.10O3 (PLZT) and AgNbO3 (AN) ceramics were fabricated codoped with 1 mol% Er and various contents of Yb3+ ions. The ceramics exhibit good energy storage performances and electric‐field‐controlled photoluminescence (E‐PL) intensity modulations, both of which are attributed to the reversible AFE‐ferroelectric phase transition that accompanies a structural evolution. Accordingly, a noncontact energy charge/discharge monitor is proposed based on the E‐PL effect, which is convenient and safe for the high‐energy density capacitors. Besides, the PLZT and AN ceramics exhibit opposite E‐PL behaviors that are caused due to different crystal space group transitions.
Enhancing the mechanical properties of Al2O3‐C refractory: Carbonized coconut shell as a substitution for graphite
Authors: Tian Xuekun , Zhao Zhenyi , Liu Xusheng , Ma Chengliang , Liu Lei , Liu Xinhong
Published: August 2024

At present, graphite is commonly used as the carbon source in Al2O3‐C refractory. However, graphite resources are limited and belong to the category of nonrenewable resources. Coconut shell is a biomass material with low cost, low impurity, and high reactivity, and also belongs to renewable resources. Therefore, the research for using coconut shell carbon as a substitution for graphite in Al2O3‐C refractory has great significance. In this work, the coconut shell was firstly carbonized at 200–1000°C in flowing argon, and the microstructure of the carbonized coconut shells was investigated. Then the carbonized coconut shell powder was introduced into Al2O3‐C refractory instead of graphite, and the effect of carbonized coconut shell on mechanical properties and microstructure evolution of materials was investigated. The results show that the carbonized coconut shell has porous structures, composed of amorphous carbon and disordered micro‐graphite with many defects, endowing its high reactivity. Compared with graphite, the carbonized coconut shell promotes the Si and Al to in situ formation of nonoxide ceramic whiskers (SiC, Al4C3, and AlN), which play a strengthening and toughening role in the materials. When graphite is replaced by 1 wt% carbonized coconut shell, the residual strength ratio of samples increased from 81.8% to 90.2%, and that of the hot modulus of rupture increased from 17.53 MPa to 18.47 MPa.
Responses of Leaf Expansion, Plant Transpiration and Leaf Senescence of Different Soybean (Glycine max. (L.) Merr.) Genotypes to Soil Water Deficit
Authors: Kang Lin , Debaeke Philippe , Schoving Céline , Maury Pierre
Published: August 2024

The responses of eco‐physiological processes such as leaf expansion, plant transpiration and senescence to soil water deficit have been reported to be genotype‐dependent in different crops. To study such responses in soybean (Glycine max. (L.) Merr.), a 2‐year (2017 and 2021) outdoor pot experiment was carried out on the Heliaphen automated phenotyping platform at INRAE in Toulouse (France). Six soybean cultivars (Sultana‐MG 000, ES Pallador‐MG I, Isidor‐MG I, Santana‐MG I/II, Blancas‐MG II and Ecudor‐MG II) belonging to four maturity groups (MG) commonly grown in Europe were subjected to progressive soil water deficit from the reproductive stage R1 for 17 and 23 days in 2017 and 2021, respectively. The fraction of transpirable soil water (FTSW) was used as an indicator of soil water deficit. Non‐linear regression was used to calculate FTSWt, that is, the FTSW threshold for which the rate of the eco‐physiological process in stressed plants starts to diverge from a reference value. According to FTSWt, the three eco‐physiological processes showed significant differences in sensitivity to water deficit: leaf expansion exhibits the highest sensitivity and the widest range (FTSWt: 0.44–0.93), followed by plant transpiration (FTSWt: 0.17–0.56), with leaf senescence showing the narrowest range (FTSWt: 0.05–0.16). Among six cultivars, regarding leaf expansion, Cvs Santana (FTSWt = 0.48 in 2017; FTSWt = 0.44 in 2021), Blancas (FTSWt = 0.51 in 2017; FTSWt = 0.48 in 2021) and Ecudor (FTSWt = 0.46 in 2017; FTSWt = 0.52 in 2021) in late MGs (I/II to II) exhibited higher tolerance to soil drying. Conversely, the cv. Sultana in the earliest MG (000) showed the highest sensitivity (FTSWt = 0.91 in 2017; FTSWt = 0.93 in 2021) to water deficit. However, concerning the FTSWt values for plant transpiration (0.17–0.56 in 2017; 0.19–0.31 in 2021) and senescence (0.05–0.16 in 2017; 0.06–0.16 in 2021), their range did not demonstrate a correlated trend with the MG. In addition, a negative linear correlation was observed between values of FTSWt of normalised leaf expansion at the whole‐plant level (NLE) and specific leaf area (SLA) measured on irrigated plants for both years. This suggests that genotypes with high values of SLA could be associated with higher tolerance of leaf expansion to soil water deficit. Such a non‐destructive phenotyping method under outdoor conditions could bring new information to variety testing process and provide paths for integrating genotypic variability into crop growth models used for simulating soybean eco‐physiological responses to water deficit across the plant, field and even regional scales.
Integrated Metabolomics and Transcriptomics Analyses Reveal Resistance to Salt Stress in Wild Soybean (Glycine soja) During the Post‐Germination Growth Period
Authors: Hu Yunan , Luan Tian , Wang Xiangjun , Luan Zhihui , Hu Yongjun , Li Mingxia
Published: August 2024

Due to increasingly serious soil salinisation, exploring high‐quality closely related wild species is an effective means to solve food security problems. In this study, based on comprehensive metabolomics and transcriptomics analyses of the types, quantities, metabolic pathways and gene expression of small molecule metabolites in cotyledons and embryo axis/root, we report the strategies used by barren‐tolerant wild soybean (GS2) to resist salt stress during the post‐germination period. Our results showed that salt tolerance in GS2 cotyledons mainly involves the enhanced mobilisation of reserves, including lipid and sugar breakdown and utilisation, as well as protein breakdown and, in particular, the transport of amino acids to the embryo axis/root. Moreover, antioxidant capacity is enhanced through the promotion of ascorbic acid and naringin synthesis. We also found that under salt stress, the GS2 embryo axis/root accumulates proline by promoting the ornithine biosynthetic pathway, while stimulating glutathione metabolism to eliminate excess reactive oxygen species and restore oxidative balance. In addition, to establish and elongate the embryo axis/root, lignin synthesis is enhanced by the promotion of the shikimic acid pathway, which compensates for the decrease in cell wall support caused by salt stress. This study lays the foundation for developing and utilising high‐quality wild plant resources.
Novel liquid–phase flash sintering of lead zirconate titanate piezo‐ceramics
Authors: Arya Kumar Sadanand , Singh Ram Prakash , Chakrabarti Tamoghna
Published: August 2024

Lead‐based piezo‐ceramics like lead zirconate titanate (PZT) are a mainstay for many piezoelectric applications. However, lead oxide (PbO) evaporation during sintering poses a significant environmental challenge. Flash sintering (FS) is a novel technique that can densify ceramics in seconds and at a much lower furnace temperature. The liquid‐phase FS (LPFS) of PZT (Pb (Zr0.5Ti0.5) O3, with 3 wt.% Cu2O and PbO in the molar ratio of 1:4) is investigated in this work. Further, a comparison has been made among the lead loss, dielectric, and piezoelectric properties of flash‐sintered and conventionally liquid‐phase‐sintered PZT. It has been observed that the evaporation of PbO has been brought down 3–5 times by FS. The dielectric constant of LPFS PZT is significantly higher, especially at higher frequencies with lower dielectric loss. An enhanced piezoelectric coefficient in flash‐sintered PZT has also been observed. The LPFS of PZT shows that the lead loss can be brought down significantly with the added benefit of enhanced dielectric and piezoelectric properties. XRD and Rietveld analysis show an increase in tetragonality after FS in comparison with conventional sintering. XPS and ESR studies show a difference in defect concentration after FS in comparison with conventional sintering that is likely responsible for the enhanced dielectric and piezoelectric properties.
Designing eco‐friendly alternative microstructures for magnesia‐chromium aggregates
Authors: Borges Otávio Henrique , Coury Francisco Gil , Brachhold Nora , Aneziris Christos George , Pandolfelli Victor Carlos
Published: August 2024

On the rising demand for eco‐friendly refractories, reducing the use of likely toxic magnesia‐chromium aggregates remains a challenge. Previous studies by some of the authors have proposed Cr‐free alternative compositions, although the morphology of the spinel precipitates has varied across the different suggested systems. The mechanisms involved in the formation of these distinct morphologies were unclear and, therefore, are the focus of this work. In all compositions, SEM/electron backscatter diffraction revealed cube–cube orientation relationships between matrix and precipitates, indicating that their formation is influenced by the lattice parameter misfit (δ), which was measured using synchrotron X‐ray diffraction. It could be concluded that coarser and spherical precipitates form to minimize their surface‐to‐volume ratio in compositions with high absolute δ‐values. Conversely, low‐misfit systems enable the spinel to form a 3D‐network. The potential use of this knowledge to tailor the microstructure of novel compositions was demonstrated by a small Nb2O5 addition into one of the proposed compositions.
Region‐function‐matching design for YSZ‐based thermal barrier coatings enables long thermal cyclic lifespan
Authors: Su Xue‐Rong , Zhang Chun‐Qiao , Huang Liang‐Yang , Li Guang‐Rong , Yang Guan‐Jun
Published: August 2024

Thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) require both a porous structure to effectively prevent heat flux and a considerably dense structure to resist cracking for long‐term protection. These opposite requirements are difficult to achieve in conventional TBCs, which often exhibit uniform structures across their thickness. In fact, the main requirements of a coating vary with thickness owing to differential service conditions. In this study, the structure of a TBC is locally tailored to meet regional performance requirements. First, the load‐bearing conditions across the thickness are investigated in a simulation study. Resulting from multiple causes, the bottom region must bear a larger stress than the top region, which is directly exposed to heat flux. Therefore, the structure should be crack‐resistant in its bottom region and thermally insulating in its top region. Second, region‐function‐matching TBCs were prepared, and their performances were evaluated through isothermal cycling and thermal exposure tests. Results show that the TBCs with matching design exhibited double the lifespan of the conventional samples, whereas the thermal insulation was comparable. Finally, the structural evolutions were examined in different regions to analyze the failure behaviors of the TBCs. Healing of the intrinsic two‐dimensional pores and formation of the new large pores mainly account for the changes in thermal and mechanical properties of the TBCs. Overall, this region‐function‐matching design is expected to balance the tradeoff between high thermal insulation and long lifespan.
The impact of graphene on the mechanical properties, corrosion behavior, and biocompatibility of an Mg–Ca alloy
Authors: Huang Song‐Jeng , Wang Chih‐Feng , Subramani Murugan , Selvaraju Sivakumar , Rajagopal Veeramanikandan , Chiang Chao‐Ching , Fan Fang‐Fu
Published: August 2024

This investigation explores the impact of incorporating graphene (Gr) reinforcement on the microstructure, mechanical properties, corrosion behavior, and biocompatibility of a composite derived from a magnesium–calcium (Mg–Ca) alloy. Two concentrations of Gr (0.1% and 0.2%) were introduced to an Mg–Ca alloy. The addition of 0.1% Gr resulted in a refined grain structure, enhancing both tensile and compression strength. However, electrochemical analysis and immersion testing revealed an increase in corrosion rate () with the incorporation of Gr. Although the corrosion rate of the Mg–Ca‐0.1%Gr composite was comparable to that of Mg–Ca, the Mg–Ca–0.2%Gr exhibited higher corrosion rates attributed to the enhancement of micro‐galvanic corrosion. Interestingly, cell survival rate tests demonstrated improved biocompatibility for the Mg–Ca–0.1%Gr sample, emphasizing its potential for applications in the biomedical domain, which requires enhanced mechanical strength, corrosion resistance, and biocompatibility.
Nurses' burnout and patient safety culture: The moderating effect of structural empowerment
Authors: Xu Jiaqi , Dong Ziyan , Xie Wen , Yang Liuqing , Zhou Ying , Li Jie
Published: August 2024

Aims

To identify correlations among job burnout, structural empowerment, and patient safety culture (PSC), and to explore the potential moderating effect of structural empowerment on the associations between burnout and PSC.

Design

The study used a cross‐sectional survey design.

Methods

Convenient sampling was employed. We conducted an anonymous online survey in January 2024 among nurses employed at hospitals in three regions of China. Job burnout, structural empowerment, and perceptions of PSC were assessed. A total of 1026 useable surveys were included in the analyses. Descriptive statistics were performed using SPSS software. A latent structural equation modeling approach using Mplus software was used to analyze the moderating effect.

Results

The proposed hypothetical model was supported. Job burnout had a strong direct negative effect on structural empowerment and PSC. Structural empowerment had a significant moderating effect on the relationship between job burnout and PSC.

Conclusion

The empirically validated moderation model and study results suggest that managers of healthcare organisations can improve patient safety and care quality by fostering empowerment and providing sufficient support to clinical nurses.

Implication

The findings of this study suggest that providing more support, resources, and information is likely to be effective in weakening the detrimental impact of job burnout on PSC. This study provides insights into the possible approaches that may improve patient safety. To control the impact of nurses' burnout on care quality, nurse managers should increase empowerment as well as staff nurse engagement.

Reporting Method

We have adhered to relevant EQUATOR guidelines and conducted an observational study, following the STROBE checklist.

Public Contribution

During the data collection phase of this study, clinical caregivers participated in completing the online survey.
Gubi decoction mitigates knee osteoarthritis via promoting chondrocyte autophagy through METTL3‐mediated ATG7 m6A methylation
Authors: Cui Longkang , Shen Gaobo , Yu Yang , Yan Zheng , Zeng Hanbing , Ye Xiaoang , Xu Kuangying , Zhu Chaojin , Li Yanan , Shen Zhe , Zhang Bingbing , Wu Lianguo
Published: August 2024

Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is a chronic joint disease that significantly affects the health of the elderly. As an herbal remedy, Gubi decoction (GBD) has been traditionally used for the treatment of osteoarthritis‐related syndromes. However, the anti‐KOA efficacy and mechanism of GBD remain unclear. This study aimed to experimentally investigate the anti‐KOA efficacy and the underlying mechanism of GBD. The medial meniscus (DMM) mice model and IL‐1β‐stimulated chondrocytes were, respectively, constructed as in vivo and in vitro models of KOA to evaluate the osteoprotective effect and molecular mechanism of GBD. The UPLC–MS/MS analysis showed that GBD mainly contained pinoresinol diglucoside, rehmannioside D, hesperidin, liquiritin, baohuoside I, glycyrrhizic acid, kaempferol and tangeretin. Animal experiment showed that GBD could alleviate articular cartilage destruction and recover histopathological alterations in DMM mice. In addition, GBD inhibited chondrocyte apoptosis and restored DMM‐induced dysregulated autophagy evidenced by the upregulation of ATG7 and LC3 II/LC3 I but decreased P62 level. Mechanistically, METTL3‐mediated m6A modification decreased the expression of ATG7 in DMM mice, as it could be significantly attenuated by GBD. METTL3 overexpression significantly counteracted the protective effect of GBD on chondrocyte autophagy. Further research showed that GBD promoted proteasome‐mediated ubiquitination degradation of METLL3. Our findings suggest that GBD could act as a protective agent against KOA. The protective effect of GBD may result from its promotion on chondrocyte autophagy by suppressing METTL3‐dependent ATG7 m6A methylation.
Haptoglobin phenotype and levels in type 2 diabetes and effects of fenofibrate
Authors: Januszewski Andrzej S. , Young Hayden K. , Ong Kwok‐Leung , Li Liping , O’Connell Rachel L. , Lyons Timothy J. , Kelly Clare , Zaharieva Dessi P. , Sullivan David R. , Scott Russell S. , Keech Anthony C. , Jenkins Alicia J. ,   the FIELD Study Investigators
Published: August 2024

Aims/Hypothesis

In diabetes haptoglobin (Hp) 2 vs Hp 1 allelic product is associated with cardiac and renal complications. Few studies report both Hp phenotype and Hp levels. In a Fenofibrate Intervention and Event Lowering in Diabetes (FIELD) trial substudy we evaluated the Hp phenotype, Hp levels, and fenofibrate effects.

Materials and Methods

In 480 adults with type 2 diabetes (T2D) the Hp phenotype was assessed and the Hp level quantified (both using ELISAs assays) in plasma from baseline, after 6 weeks of fenofibrate, and (in n = 200) at 2 years post‐randomization to fenofibrate or placebo.

Results

The Hp phenotypes 1‐1, 2‐1, and 2‐2 frequencies were 15%, 49%, and 36%, respectively. Baseline Hp levels differed by phenotype (P < 0.0001) and decreased (median 21%) after 6 weeks fenofibrate in all phenotypes (adjusted mean (95% CI): −0.27 (−0.32, −0.23) mg/mL in Hp 1‐1, −0.29 (−0.31, −0.27) mg/mL in Hp 2‐1 and −0.05 (−0.07, −0.02) mg/mL in Hp 2‐2 (P = 0.005 and P = 0.055 vs Hp 1‐1 and Hp 2‐1, respectively)). At 2 years post‐randomization the Hp levels in the placebo group had returned to baseline, whilst the fenofibrate‐group levels remained similar to the 6 week levels.

Conclusions

In type 2 diabetes, Hp levels differ by Hp phenotype and are decreased by fenofibrate in all phenotypes, but the effect is diminished in Hp 2‐2.
Reply to: Peptic ulcers withChEIs,NSAIDs
Authors: Szilcz Máté , Wastesson Jonas W. , Calderón‐Larrañaga Amaia , Prieto‐Alhambra Daniel , Blotière Pierre‐Olivier , Maura Géric , Johnell Kristina
Published: August 2024

This letter is the reply to the letter byJean‐Louis Montastruc.
The rise and fall of community development in rural Turkey, 1960–1980
Authors: Gürel Burak , Selamet Kadir
Published: August 2024

Turkey's Community Development Program (CDP), implemented in the 1960s and 1970s, has remained a largely underexplored subject in the global history of rural community development schemes. Based on detailed archival research, this article shows that the programme's central goal was to mobilize the labour and financial resources of the villagers to carry out rapid infrastructure construction. Turkish policymakers hoped that such mobilization could help achieve a high level of rural development far beyond what could be achieved by relying solely on government spending and might also allow the allocation of more resources to urban industrialization. Despite its initial promise, the CDP was unable to effectively mobilize the countryside due to a combination of structural, political, and bureaucratic challenges, including unequal land distribution, intense electoral competition, and inadequate administrative coordination. However, the CDP was not entirely inconsequential. It played a modest role in the commercialization and capitalist transformation of Turkish agriculture.
Habits and externalities
Authors: Caplan Arthur J.
Published: August 2024

We develop a conceptual model characterizing two types of individuals: one myopic and the other hyperopic. A myopic individual ignores his private contributions to both a social and private negative externality, as well as the effect that his accumulation of stuff (i.e., the stock of consumption goods) has on his habit parameter. A hyperopic individual internalizes both externalities as well as his habit‐formation effect. We find that the hyperopic individual consumes a greater amount of a clean good and a lesser amount of a dirty good, with the magnitude of the latter difference being greater than the magnitude of the former. Consequently, the hyperopic individual's cumulative consumption of the two goods is lower. The hyperopic individual's lower cumulative consumption also contributes to a less‐persistent consumption habit. Further, we explore the extent to which the allocation of consumption across the clean and dirty goods made by an astigmatic individual (an intermediate type of individual who internalizes the private externality, as well as the habit‐formation effect) diverges from the myopic individual's allocation. We consider the implications of our findings for traditional environmental tax policy as it applies to myopic and astigmatic individuals. Conceptually, we find that Pigovian tax rates in the presence of habit formation diverge from corresponding standard rates that ignore habit formation based on the difference between the magnitudes of the cumulative marginal benefit associated with habit formation and the marginal cost associated with the accumulation of stuff. Results from a simple numerical analysis demonstrate these conceptual results and more.
Simple sequence repeat genotyping of Colletotrichum species associated with soybean anthracnose in Uttarakhand and other states of India
Authors: Bhatt Pooja , Singh Krishna Pratap , Therthala Aravind , Surbhi Kumari , Rakhonde Gaurav , Jeena Himani
Published: August 2024

Anthracnose is one of the most devastating diseases affecting soybean (Glycine max L. Merril) in India and is incited by the Colletotrichum truncatum species complex. In this study, 33 isolates of Colletotrichum spp. isolates were collected from major soybean‐growing states of India. The cultural, morphological and molecular characteristics (Internal Transcribed Spacer rDNA region) of all isolates were demonstrated. Twelve simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers were selected to amplify the genomic DNA of all isolates, to assess the genetic diversity. On the basis of morpho‐cultural and molecular characterization of three different Colletotrichum species, C. truncatum, C. cliviicola and C. cholorophyti were identified. Representative Colletotrichum isolates (Ct‐Pant, Ct‐Gur and Ct‐Gag) from each species group were found pathogenic to susceptible soybean variety (PS 1092) and fulfilled Koch's postulates. The SSR genotyping of 33 isolates revealed that all examined SSR markers exhibited a high degree of polymorphism, as indicated by the mean values of 0.51 for polymorphic information content, 1.97 for marker index and 1.99 for resolving power. For each primer, the average number of alleles per locus was 3.58. The results of Jaccard similarity coefficient‐based UPGMA (Un‐weighted Pair‐Group Method with Arithmetic Mean) cluster analysis and principal component analysis showed that isolates of the same species were clustered together, but no clear‐cut grouping was obtained on the basis of geographical distribution. Thus, it can be inferred from the study that C. truncatum accessions obtained from various geographical locations of India exhibit substantial genetic variation and a significant level of relatedness.
Association between periodontitis and cardiovascular risk in Spanish employed adults—The Workers' Oral Health study
Authors: Molina Ana , Martínez María , Montero Eduardo , Carasol Miguel , Herrera David , Figuero Elena , Sanz Mariano
Published: August 2024

Aims

Periodontitis and cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are highly prevalent non‐communicable diseases, sharing an inflammatory pathogenesis and common risk factors. The objective of the present research is to assess the association between periodontitis and cardiovascular disease risk in a representative sample of the Spanish‐employed population.

Methods

Cross‐sectional data were obtained between 2008 and 2011 in the Workers' Oral Health (WORALTH) epidemiological study. Periodontal examinations were based on the evaluation of clinical attachment loss (CAL) and community periodontal index (CPI). Participants also underwent a medical check‐up and answered a comprehensive health questionnaire. With this information, participants were categorized into three levels of CVD risk using the systemic coronary risk estimation (SCORE) algorithm for low‐risk European countries. Crude and adjusted odds ratios (ORs) were determined with multiple logistic regression models for the association between periodontal status and CVD risk.

Results

Data from 4224 individuals were analyzed. The overall prevalence of high CVD risk (SCORE ≥ 5%) was 5.1%. The prevalence of SCORE ≥ 5% was 3.4%, 9.4%, and 15.2% for CAL 0–3 mm, 4–5 mm, and ≥6 mm, respectively (p < .001), and 6.2%, 6.5%, and 14.6% for CPI ≤2, 3, and 4, respectively (p < .001). Individuals with CPI = 4 presented an OR of 1.50 (95% confidence interval, CI [1.04; 2.17]) for high SCORE values, after adjusting for confounders (age, sex, and smoking habit).

Conclusions

Periodontitis, defined by the presence of deep periodontal pockets (≥6 mm), was significantly associated with high CVD risk (SCORE ≥ 5%) in a representative sample of the employed population in Spain.
Methods for causality assessment of idiosyncratic drug‐induced liver injury
Authors: García‐Cortés Miren , Matilla‐Cabello Gonzalo , Lucena M. Isabel
Published: August 2024

The diagnosis of idiosyncratic drug‐induced liver injury (DILI) is a challenging task due to the lack of specific features or definitive diagnostic tools. A minimum of clinical and pharmacological information is required, together with laboratory and imaging tests to exclude other causes of liver injury. Several standardized methods have been developed to support clinical judgement and establish causality assessment, the most widely used being the Roussel Uclaf Causality Assessment Method—RUCAM—and structured Expert Opinion. More recently, an evidence‐based, revised RUCAM, Electronic Causality Assessment Method—RECAM—has been developed and, although still a work in progress, may replace RUCAM scoring in the future. International collaborative networks and ongoing research efforts are key to advancing biomarker qualification and validation and developing new in vitro patient‐based methods that will help improve DILI diagnosis and move towards a personalized medicine approach.
Using input‐output data to model the structure of export linkages in global value chains: A Brazil case study
Authors: Trigg Andrew B. , Villani Davide , Leite Fabrício Pitombo , Perraton Jonathan R.
Published: August 2024

This paper considers Global Value Chains by developing an open Leontief input‐output model for which household consumption is endogenously determined—the Type II framework. Three specific contributions are: an extension of the Type II input‐output model to a multi‐country setting; its empirical modelling using trade‐linked input‐output tables; and a Brazil case study for exploring how the industrial structure of export linkages impact on employment. Policy dilemmas that emerge for Brazil's industrial strategy focus on its heavy reliance on primary‐based industries, and how it might diversify its trading partners.
The OsGAPC1‐OsSGL module negatively regulates salt tolerance by mediating abscisic acid biosynthesis in rice
Authors: Jiang Lingli , Xiao Weiyu , Chen Huiping , Qi Yinyao , Kuang Xinyu , Shi Jiahui , Liu Zhenming , Cao Jianzhong , Lin Qinlu , Yu Feng , Wang Long
Published: August 2024

Plants frequently encounter adverse conditions and stress during their lives. Abscisic acid (ABA) plays a crucial role in response to salt stress, and dynamic regulation of ABA levels is essential for plant growth and stress resistance.

In this study, we identified a transcription factor, OsSGL (Oryza sativa Stress tolerance and Grain Length), which acts as a negative regulator in salt stress, controlling ABA synthesis. OsSGL‐overexpressing and mutant materials exhibited sensitivity and tolerance to salt stress, respectively. Notably, under salt treatment, several ABA‐related genes, including the ABA synthesis enzyme OsNCED3 and the ABA response gene OsRAB21, were bound by OsSGL, leading to the inhibition of their transcription.

Additionally, we found that a key enzyme involved in glycolysis, OsGAPC1, interacted with OsSGL and enhanced the inhibitory effect of OsSGL on OsNCED3. Upon salt stress, OsGAPC1 underwent acetylation and then translocated from the nucleus to the cytoplasm, partially alleviating the inhibitory effect of OsSGL on OsNCED3. Identification of the OsGAPC1‐OsSGL module revealed a negative regulatory mechanism involved in the response of rice to salt stress.

This discovery provides insight into the dynamic regulation of ABA synthesis in plants under salt stress conditions, highlighting the delicate balance between stress resistance and growth regulation.
DkDTX1/MATE1 mediates the accumulation of proanthocyanidin and affects astringency in persimmon
Authors: Liu Ying , Sun Chenfeng , Wu Xin , Chen Wenxing , Luo Zhengrong , Xu Liqing , Zhang Qinglin
Published: August 2024

Proanthocyanidins (PAs) is a kind of polyphenols widely distributed in plants, and their astringent properties can protect plants from herbivores and regulate fruit taste. There is a great difference in PA composition between astringent (A)‐type and nonastringent (NA)‐type persimmon. Here, we studied the potential of DkDTX1/MATE1 in regulating PAs composition through its preferred transport in persimmon fruit. The results of fluorescence microscope showed that the DkDTX1/MATE1 green fluorescence overlapped with the blue light emitted by PA. Overexpression of DkDTX1/MATE1 in persimmon leaves not only significantly increase the concentrations of PA, but also upregulated the expression of PA biosynthesis pathway genes. Further overexpression of DkDTX1/MATE1 in persimmon fruit discs and stable genetic transformation of DkDTX1/MATE1 also led to PA concentrations increased. Molecular docking and transporter assays showed that DkDTX1/MATE1 preferentially transported catechin, epicatechin gallate and epigallocatechin gallate. DkDTX1/MATE1 mainly bound to the PA precursors via serine at position 68. Our findings indicate that DkDTX1/MATE1 play a role in the accumulation of PAs in early stage of fruit development and affects the astringency of persimmon through preferential transport PA precursors, which provided a theoretical basis for the future use of metabolic engineering to regulate the composition of PAs in persimmon.
A Rare Case of Refractory Nodal Marginal Zone Lymphoma in a Child, Successfully Cured by Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplant: A Case Report
Authors: Memon Shahbaz , Almudayfir Ziyad , Elbashir Enas , Taher Leena , Rogi Fayhan , Essa Mohammad
Published: August 2024

Background

Nodal marginal zone lymphoma (NMZL) is a rare form of non‐Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), accounting for around 2% of all NHL in pediatrics and adults. It is considered the least common subtype of marginal zone lymphoma, which is rarely seen in pediatrics and is usually viewed as a mild disease. In adults, its presentation varies from mild to aggressive disease with multiple lymph node enlargement and systemic symptoms.

Case Report

Here, we report an interesting case of a 31‐month‐old boy who developed refractory EBV‐positive NMZL with extensive disease. The tumor did not respond well to conventional chemotherapy and Rituximab. Therefore, we manage the disease with second‐line chemotherapy, including bortezomib, followed by an allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) with an excellent outcome.

Conclusion

Very few cases have been reported for aggressive NMZL children. The tumor was refractory to first line chemotherapy. However, the successful outcome was achieved by allogeneic stem cell transplant with myeloablative conditioning chemotherapy. The significance of this particular case is that this is the first reported case from pediatrics for refractory NMZL, which responded well to allogeneic stem cell transplant.
Phototherapy for the treatment of cutaneous graft‐versus‐host disease: A systematic review
Authors: Fachler‐Sharp Tahel , Kobal Inbar , Sheffer‐Levi Sivan , Cohen Adiel , Hassidim Ayal , Molho‐Pessach Vered , Shreberk‐Hassidim Rony
Published: August 2024

Background

Cutaneous graft‐versus‐host disease (GVHD) is a common complication of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Phototherapy has been used to treat cutaneous GVHD, but data on its safety and efficacy are sparse.

Aim

Review the current medical literature regarding the efficacy, dosing, and safety of various types of phototherapies for the treatment of cutaneous GVHD.

Methods

A systematic review of PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, and ClinicalTrials databases was performed. Publications were screened according to the PRISMA guidelines. Exclusion criteria comprised case reports and case series reporting less than five patients, review articles, and articles not published in English.

Results

A total of 28/1304 (2.5%) studies were included. Fifteen studies (n = 267 patients) focused on psoralen and ultraviolet (UV) A (PUVA), in which 65.5% of patients received concomitantly other systemic treatments. The response rate was 89.9%, with a mean of 33.2 treatments. Adverse events were recorded in 54% but were mainly mild. Eight studies, encompassing 95 patients, focused on narrow‐band (NB) UVB. A response was observed in 94%, with a mean number of 26 treatments and 8.6% adverse effects. UVA1 was reported in six studies (n = 132 patients). A response was recorded in 89.3% with a mean of 26.2 treatments. Adverse events were noted in 70.1%, with a discontinuation rate of 10.9%. It should be noted that adverse events were recorded during the follow‐up period of the studies, which varied significantly, ranging from no follow‐up to 31 months.

Conclusions

Current data regarding the use of phototherapy for the treatment of cutaneous GVHD are based on retrospective studies and case series. The present report advocates the use of one of the three modalities of phototherapy as an effective and safe adjunctive treatment for cutaneous GVHD, especially NB UVB phototherapy.
Associations of Wearable Ring Measured Sleep, Sedentary Time, and Physical Activity With Cardiometabolic Health: A Compositional Data Analysis Approach
Authors: Niemelä Maisa , Maijala Anna , Nauha Laura , Jämsä Timo , Korpelainen Raija , Farrahi Vahid
Published: August 2024

Movement behaviors within the 24‐h day, including physical activity (PA), sedentary time, and sleep, are associated with cardiometabolic health. We aimed to determine the association between 24‐h movement composition and cardiometabolic health while accounting for sleep efficiency. Altogether, 1134 participants from the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1986 study, free from prior cardiovascular disease, provided at least 4 days of 24‐h activity and sleep efficiency measured with a wearable ring. Participants' body composition was assessed with bioimpedance, blood pressure, and waist circumference were measured, and lipids and glucose were analyzed from a fasting blood sample. Linear regression models for cardiometabolic outcomes were created with 24‐h movement composition and covariates, including sleep efficiency and behavioral and socioeconomic factors. Isotemporal time reallocations were used to demonstrate the dose‐dependent associations between time use and outcomes. Beneficial associations with the outcomes were detected when sedentary time was reallocated to light PA, moderate‐to‐vigorous PA (MVPA), or sleep. For example, substituting 30 min of sedentary time with MVPA was associated with 7.2% (95% CI from −9.8% to −4.5%) lower visceral fat area, 4.9% (95% CI from −6.5% to −3.3%) lower body fat percentage, 1.6% (95% CI from −2.3% to −0.9%) smaller waist circumference, and 2.4% (95% CI from 1.2% to 3.5%) higher high‐density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol after accounting for gender, marital status, education level, employment, smoking, alcohol consumption, and sleep efficiency. Substituting sedentary time with sleep or light PA showed beneficial but smaller differences in adiposity measures and HDL cholesterol. Limiting sedentary time should be encouraged in adulthood.
In vitro efficacy of Rosa damascena solid state fermentation liquid and water extract on skin care
Authors: Chen Zhixiong , Hong Ni , Xu Nuo , Yan Cui , Cao Ping , Yao Hong
Published: August 2024

Background

As a medicinal and food homologous plant, Rosa damascena is not only highly ornamental, but also rich in a variety of active ingredients such as polyphenols and flavonoids. It is widely used in cosmetics, food and pharmaceutical industries.

Objective

To study the in vitro efficacy of Rosa damascena solid state fermentation liquid (RDF) and water extract (RDE).

Methods

Firstly, the effect of RDF and RDE on the proliferation rate of B16F10 cells was detected by CCK‐8 method, and the melanin content was measured by sodium hydroxide lysis method to evaluate the whitening effect of them. Finally, the antioxidant, anti‐wrinkling and soothing effects of RDF and RDE were evaluated by biochemical methods in vitro.

Results

RDF and RDE within a certain concentration range (0.05%–0.5%) had no effect on the proliferation of B16F10 cells. Compared with Rosa damascena extract (RDE), RDF showed significant effects on bleaching, antioxidant, anti‐wrinkling and soothing, among which 0.5% RDF showed the best effect.

Conclusion

Both RDF and RDE at a certain concentration have effect on skin care in vitro, but the effect of RDF is more significant than that of RDE.
Phosphate deficiency alters transcript isoforms via alternative transcription start sites
Authors: Reis Rodrigo S. , Clúa Joaquín , Jaskolowski Aime , Deforges Jules , Jacques‐Vuarambon Dominique , Guex Nicolas , Poirier Yves
Published: August 2024

Alternative transcription start sites (TSS) are widespread in eukaryotes and can alter the 5′ UTR length and coding potential of transcripts. Here we show that inorganic phosphate (Pi) availability regulates the usage of several alternative TSS in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). In comparison to phytohormone treatment, Pi had a pronounced and specific effect on the usage of many alternative TSS. By combining short‐read RNA sequencing with long‐read sequencing of full‐length mRNAs, we identified a set of 45 genes showing alternative TSS under Pi deficiency. Alternative TSS affected several processes, such as translation via the exclusion of upstream open reading frames present in the 5′ UTR of RETICULAN LIKE PROTEIN B1 mRNA, and subcellular localization via removal of the plastid transit peptide coding region from the mRNAs of HEME OXYGENASE 1 and SULFOQUINOVOSYLDIACYLGLYCEROL 2. Several alternative TSS also generated shorter transcripts lacking the coding potential for important domains. For example, the EVOLUTIONARILY CONSERVED C‐TERMINAL REGION 4 (ECT4) locus, which encodes an N6‐methyladenosine (m6A) reader, strongly expressed under Pi deficiency a short noncoding transcript (named ALTECT4) ~550 nt long with a TSS in the penultimate intron. The specific and robust induction of ALTECT4 production by Pi deficiency led to the identification of a role for m6A readers in primary root growth in response to low phosphate that is dependent on iron and is involved in modulating cell division in the root meristem. Our results identify alternative TSS usage as an important process in the plant response to Pi deficiency.
The Prevalence of Tick‐Borne Encephalitis Virus Infection Among Humans in Heilongjiang Province of China in 2020–2023
Authors: Chen Denghui , Lu Yaxian , Wang Wei , Zhang Yu , Liu Tianlu , Liu Hetong , Zhang Lu , Peng Xiaohong , Lv Shouxu , Wang Zedong , Wu Wenzhong , Hou Zhijun
Published: August 2024

Background and Aims

Tick‐borne encephalitis (TBE) is a serious and acute central nervous system infection caused by the tick‐borne encephalitis virus (TBEV). In recent years, TBE has emerged as a growing public health threat, with cases reported across Europe, the Russian Far East, Japan and China. This study aims to assess the prevalence of TBEV infection and examine behaviours associated with an increased risk of infection among individuals who visited the Heilongjiang Red Cross Sengong General Hospital due to tick bites from 2020 to 2023.

Methods and Results

We collected blood samples and administered survey questionnaires from tick‐bitten people. A total of 457 samples were screened using Nested PCR, and the detected TBEV prevalence rate was 29.54% (135/457). The symptoms of redness and swelling at the site of tick bite (42.57%), fever (28.71%) and headache (10.89%) were identified in the TBEV‐positive individuals when they visited the hospital by the physician. Phylogenetic analysis of the partial E gene of TBEV revealed that the predominant strains in the region are highly virulent Far Eastern subtype. However, they do not cluster with the three established evolutionary clades of the Far Eastern type. Questionnaires data analysis identified age and first tick bite as important factors associated with TBEV infection.

Conclusions

This study provides basic information on the epidemiology of TBEV in Heilongjiang Province in recent years and identifies that the most related risk factor of infecting TBEV is tick exposure. Further research is needed to develop effective prevention and control measures.
A Solution Method for the Filtered Lifting Line Theory
Authors: Martinez-Tossas Luis A. , Allaerts Dries , Branlard Emmanuel , Churchfield Matthew J.
Published: August 2024

The filtered lifting line theory presents a continuous form of the inviscid momentum equations of flow over a lifting device, such as a wing or rotor blade, using body forces without mathematical singularities. This theory is also consistent with an actuator line representation of a lifting device. In this work, we present a reformulation of the equations in terms of the local flow angle along the line, which allows solving the stand-alone equations using multivariate root-finding algorithms. This approach can be used to obtain a fast, computationally inexpensive solution of the loading distribution along a wing without the need to perform computational fluid dynamic simulations. We study the requirements in terms of resolution in the spanwise direction and establish the criteria for spacing and minimum amount of points required along the blade to obtain converged solutions. The solutions are compared to results from large-eddy simulations, and we observed excellent agreement with less than a percent difference in quantities along the blade between the methods.
Taking stock of global fisheries
Authors: Froese Rainer , Pauly Daniel
Published: August 2024

Current stock assessment models overestimate productivity and recovery trajectory