bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Editorial: Scholarship and literacies in a digital age
Authors: Friesen Norm , Gourlay Lesley , Oliver Martin
Published: January 2014

There is growing interest in the impact of digital technologies on meaning-making practices and identity in education, which has been explored via the related concepts of ‘digital scholarship’ and ‘digital literacies’. However, to date, much published work in this area has been descriptive, identifying possibilities or promoting specific kinds of intervention. Far rarer is work that develops concepts, links to research outside of the field of learning technology or work that uses new data to challenge existing orthodoxies.(Published: 31 January 2014)Citation: Research in Learning Technology 2014, 21: 23834 - http://dx.doi.org/10.3402/rlt.v21.23834
Sedating Pediatric Dental Patients by Oral Ketamine with Alternating Bi-lateral Stimulation of Eye Movement Desensitization and minimizing Adverse Reaction of Ketamine by Acupuncture and Bi-Digital O-Ring Test
Authors: Lu Dominic P. , Wu Ping-Shi , Lu Winston I.
Published: January 2014

Ketamine, besides being an anesthetic agent, is also a strong analgesic that can be especially useful for painful procedures. Vivid dreams and nightmare, considered as undesirable side effects of ketamine, are rarely encountered when administrated orally, making it one of the most desirable oral sedative for children because it partially protects the pharyngeal-laryngeal reflex. Besides, if used in recommended dosage, it does not suppress the cardiopulmonary function as most other sedatives do. Ketamine's bronchodilator effect makes it a good sedative for children with asthma, allergies, and hay fever. Alternating bi-lateral stimulation (ABLS) of eye movement desensitization, applying pre-operatively before ketamine was found to reduce the post-operative violent emergence and behavioral problems. Acupressure at P 6 (Neikuan) acupoint helps to decrease nausea and vomiting episodes by ketamine. 36 patients with history of unmanageable behavior were sedated with ketamine 3mg/kg and ABLS. To prevent possible adverse reaction, Bi-Digital O-Ring Test (BDORT) were used to test all patients. ABLS significantly decreased tearful separation from parent. It took 15 to 20 minutes for ketamine to take effect, peak effect took 20 to 25 minutes. Working time ranged from 20 to 40 minutes. Post-operative recovery was more pleasant when ABLS was combined with ketamine, acupuncture/acupressure not only prevented vomiting and BDORT safeguard the patients from unpredictable untoward side effects but also promoting calmness.
Adult Neurogenesis and Dendritic Remodeling in Hippocampal Plasticity: Which One is more Important?
Authors: Yau Suk-Yu , So Kwok-Fai
Published: January 2014

Accumulating knowledge has shown that a decrease in hippocampal neurogenesis is linked to the pathophysiology of mood disorders and some hippocampal-dependent learning and memory tasks. The role of adult neurogenesis has initially been proposed based on correlations between decreases or increases in neurogenesis and impairments or improvements, respectively, in animal behaviors following interventions. Its role has been further elucidated through the ablation of neurogenesis. However, the functional roles of neurogenesis in hippocampal-dependent behaviors have been challenged by inconsistent findings between different studies. Despite the fact that factors affecting neurogenesis also induce dendritic or synaptic changes in newborn or existing neurons, these two aspects of structural changes within the hippocampus have always been examined separately. Thus, it is difficult to interpret the functional role of adult neurogenesis or dendritic remodification in hippocampal-dependent behaviors. This review discusses the relative contribution of adult neurogenesis and dendritic/synaptic remodeling of existing neurons to hippocampal plasticity.
Pour un nouveau modèle de développement centré sur l'essor des activités productives
Authors: Colletis Gabriel
Published: January 2014

Austérité ou rigueur pour les uns, soutien de la croissance pour les autres. Mesures portant sur le budget pour les uns, sur la politique monétaire pour les autres. Réformes dites « structurelles » ou décroissance, les termes du débat sur l’orientation appropriée des politiques économiques mais aussi sur le devenir de nos économies sont particulièrement nombreux, souvent contradictoires, et traduisent un désarroi certain parmi les experts, les politiques mais aussi dans l’opinion publique. La thèse centrale que nous soutenons ici est que les politiques proposées dans les termes qui précèdent sont incapables de fournir l’horizon, le souffle nécessaire à une sortie de crise ou, plutôt, à la nécessaire mutation des systèmes socio-économiques. La perspective proposée dans ce papier est celle d’un nouveau modèle de développement à mettre en œuvre dans la durée. Une telle perspective consiste en un choix d’économie politique très fort : celui d’une nouvelle donne, un New Deal productif articulant une nouvelle conception du travail, un renouveau du sens des activités productives et une attention accrue quant à la nécessaire protection de la nature.
Endodontic management of horizontal root fractures in maxillary central incisors
Authors: Sathyanarayanan Kothandaraman
Published: January 2014

Root fracture implies fracture of cementum, dentin, and pulp. These injuries are relatively infrequent as they constitute <3% of all dental injuries. When a root fracture occurs horizontally, the coronal segment may or may not be displaced. This article illustrates two varied treatment options for horizontal root fractures in maxillary central incisors. In the first case, endodontic treatment was performed using a mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA)-based sealer. In the second case, repositioning and splinting of the teeth allowed revascularization and preservation of teeth vitality. A 12-month follow-up period was reported for the two cases.
Management of muslim dental patient while fasting
Authors: Peedikayil Faizal C. , Thomas Abraham , Naushad M. C. , Narayanan Arun
Published: January 2014

The dawn to dusk fast in the Islamic month of Ramadan is obligatory for all Muslims. During fasting, Muslims abstain from food, drink whilst going about their normal daily activities. Poor understanding and appreciation of the practices by the medical professional may lead to compromise in treatment and inability to provide good service for the patients. This article provides insight to dentists around the globe to carry out comprehensive and preventive dental treatment to fasting patients in the month of Ramadan.
Quality of Final Impressions and Prescriptions for Fixed Prosthodontics
Authors: Mahmood Riham N , Abu-bakr Neamat H , Sanhouri Nada M , Ibrahim Yahia E
Published: January 2014

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to investigate the quality of final impressions and prescriptions for fixed restorations that were received by private and educational institute's laboratories in Sudan.

Materials and methods

Two hundred and seventeen questionnaires were distributed to eight private laboratories and seven dental schools in Sudan. The questionnaires were filled by the dental technicians and who were trained and instructed to complete one questionnaire per one final impression for fixed restoration immediately after it was received.

Results

Total response rate was 87%; the responding technicians had found evidence of obvious contamination in 23.8% of the examined impressions; blood was clear in 68.9% of these cases. Metal stock trays were used in 57.1% of the examined sample. About two-third of the impressions had been taken using condensation silicone (64.6%). Poor or no written instructions were observed in half of the sample (n = 103).

Conclusion

According to results of this study there was widespread use of inappropriate impression materials; the cross-infection control of sent impressions was below standard and there were poor prescriptions and communications with laboratory technicians in Sudan.

How to cite this article

Mahmood RN, Abu-bakr NH, Sanhouri NM, Ibrahim YE. Quality of Final Impressions and Prescriptions for Fixed Prosthodontics. Int J Prosthodont Restor Dent 2013;3(3):87-91.
Prosthetic Rehabilitation of a Patient with Avulsed Anterior Teeth
Authors: Tuncel Ilkin , Kilic Gulcin
Published: January 2014

Anterior dental avulsion developed after trauma have a special importance, because besides causing lose of function or poor esthetics seen, they may also lead to psychological problems in patient life. To overcome the lack of teeth, there are many prosthetic treatment options. Fiber-assisted resin bridges are the most conservative one among these options. In this case report, prosthetic rehabilitation with fiber-reinforced composite bridge and follow-up period of a patient with post-traumatic teeth avulsion is described.

How to cite this article

Tuncel I, Kilic G. Prosthetic Rehabilitation of a Patient with Avulsed Anterior Teeth. Int J Prosthodont Restor Dent 2013;3(3):111-114.
Effect of 6 Weeks of Preseason Concurrent Muscular Strength and Plyometric Training in Professional Soccer Players
Authors: Shenoy Shweta , Singh Amrinder , Kulkarni Kartik , Sandhu Jaspal
Published: January 2014

The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of combined strength and plyometric training with soccer training alone on strength and power-related measurements in professional soccer players. Subjects were randomly divided into two groups: group EG (n = 14) performed heavy resistance and plyometric training thrice a week during 6 weeks training period in addition to 6-8 soccer sessions per week; group CG (n = 14) performed 6-8 soccer sessions a week. EG significantly increased (p < 0.05) ball shooting speed and agility but showed no changes in body mass. Within-subject improvement was significantly higher (p < 0.01) in the EG compared with the CG for vertical jump height, 10 and 30 m sprint times, distances covered in the Yo-Yo intermittent recovery test. Plyometric can be concurrently performed with high load muscular strength training to enhance soccer players’ explosive performances.

How to cite this article

Singh A, Kulkarni K, Shenoy S, Sandhu J. Effect of 6 Weeks of Preseason Concurrent Muscular Strength and Plyometric Training in Professional Soccer Players. J Postgrad Med Edu Res 2014;48(1):27-32.
A desregulamentação e a abertura da educação superior à concorrência internacional: ameaça ou oportunidade?
Authors: Silva Junior Annor da , Martins-Silva Priscilla de Oliveira
Published: January 2014

Este ensaio teórico tem como tema central a regulamentação da educação superior no Brasil e a atuação das Instituições de Educação Superior (IES) nesse setor. Trata-se de uma análise ambiental tendo como fundamento a perspectiva institucionalista social e econômica. A educação superior tem passado por grandes transformações, tornando-se um dos setores mais importantes para a economia brasileira. A regulamentação educacional é vista como a forma encontrada pelos governos nacionais, para manter o controle sobre o setor, legitimando papéis, normas e valores, assegurando a funcionalidade do sistema. Na conjuntura de uma economia globalizada como a brasileira, percebe-se que o sistema educacional superior está sofrendo pressões da comunidade educacional internacional, que via Organização Mundial do Comércio (OMC), vem clamando pela desregulamentação governamental e pela abertura do setor à concorrência internacional. Diante desse cenário, em que instituições e organizações internacionais demonstram interesse em ingressar nesse setor, é que se discute os impactos que uma possível desregulamentação governamental e a consequente abertura da educação superior à concorrência internacional causaria no setor como um todo e para as IES brasileiras em particular.
Sentidos e implicações da gestão universitária para os gestores universitários
Authors: Gomes Osmailda da Fonseca , Gomide Tainá Rodrigues , Gomes Maria Ângela do Nascimento , Araujo Djair Cesario de , Martins Simone , Faroni Walmer
Published: January 2014

Este estudo objetivou compreender os significados e as implicações da gestão universitária para os gestores universitários da alta administração de uma universidade federal de Minas Gerais. Como objetivo específico verificou a concepção de gestão para o gestor universitário e Identificou a implicação da gestão na vida pessoal e profissional do gestor universitário. O método utilizado na coleta de dados foi a historia oral e evocação de palavras por meio de entrevistas, na analise fez-se uso da analise de conteúdo. Os resultados da pesquisa apontam para a concepção de gestão universitária formada desde a docência até a aprendizagem dos gestores nos cargos administrativos. Quanto a implicação na vida profissional identificou o melhora aquisição de liderança, prazer em poder contribuir para comunidade acadêmica e melhora na habilidade gerencial e a diminuição do contato com área de atuação.Nas implicações na vida pessoal identificou ganho  com a valorização do ser humano e melhor gerenciamento de conflitos na vida pessoal. Como perda identificou-se menos tempo para família, lazer, férias, menos atividades físicas corroborando para uma péssima saúde e aumento do stress. Conclui-se que há muito a se melhorado na gestão de uma universidade, visto sua complexidade na fusão de cargos docentes com administrativos.
Fatores organizacionais em instituições de ensino superior e sua relação com as competências empreendedoras dos coordenadores de cursos de pós-graduação
Authors: Lizote Suzete Antonieta , Verdinelli Miguel Angel
Published: January 2014

Neste estudo se analisou a relação entre os fatores organizacionais e as competências empreendedoras de setenta e três coordenadores de cursos de pós-graduação lato sensu em três universidades de Santa Catarina. Avaliaram-se os fatores apoio da direção, liberdade no trabalho, recompensas, tempo disponível e limitações organizacionais. As competências consideradas foram: busca de oportunidades e iniciativas; correr riscos calculados; exigência de qualidade e eficiência; persistência; comprometimento; busca de informação; estabelecimento de metas; e, planejamento e monitoramento sistemáticos. Nas análises se utilizaram as técnicas estatísticas análise fatorial exploratória, análise canônica e regressão múltipla. Os resultados da análise canônica revelaram relacionamento positivo entre os constructos, e as regressões múltiplas permitiram melhorar a compreensão acerca de quais são os fatores organizacionais mais significantes. A maior recorrência nas regressões foi das limitações organizacionais, o que indica a importância que tem a clareza das normas e das decisões dos órgãos superiores. O correr riscos calculados foi a competência que requer maior número de fatores para se manifestar, ou seja, para um coordenador correr o risco de propôr e coordenar um curso, precisa sentir de modo inequivoco o apoio da organização.
Modelling multiple threats to water security in the Peruvian Amazon using the WaterWorld policy support system
Authors: van Soesbergen A. J. J. , Mulligan M.
Published: January 2014

Abstract. This paper describes the application of WaterWorld (www.policysupport.org/waterworld) to the Peruvian Amazon, an area that is increasingly under pressure from deforestation and water pollution as a result of population growth, rural-to-urban migration and oil and gas extraction, potentially impacting both water quantity and water quality. By applying single and combined plausible scenarios of climate change, deforestation around existing and planned roads, population growth and rural–urban migration, mining and oil and gas exploitation, we explore the potential combined impacts of these multiple changes on water resources in the Peruvian Amazon.
A New Merging Algorithm Based on Semantic Relationships of Learning Objects
Authors: Rivas-Sanchez Elio , Serrano Guerrero Jesús , Menéndez Víctor Hugo
Published: January 2014

Learning Objects are key elements within e-Learning environment because describe the created educational material for students, besides, it permits the reusing and sharing in di_erent Learning Management Systems. Usually, when teachers need to create and structure educational experiences, they attend to repositories for retrieving resources ﬁtted to their interest, for reducing the e_ort and the computational time. In this paper, a proposal is presented for merging Learning Objects from heterogeneous repositories; the model is based on semantic relationships between Learning Objects retrieved from a meta-search engine, as an alternative for locating ﬁtted educational resources for teacher’s interest. The model exposed in the proposal has been implemented as initial prototype, which retrieves Learning Objects from open repositories. An initial study results conﬁrm the usefulness of the model. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5377/nexo.v26i2.1286 Nexo Revista Científica Vol. 26, No. 02, pp. 69-82/Diciembre 2013
Propuesta para el uso exclusivo de la tasa interna de retorno modificada en la toma de decisión de proyectos industriales de inversión
Authors: Medina J.R. , Romero R.L , Pérez G.A.
Published: January 2014

La TIR (tasa interna de retorno) es el método de evaluación de rentabilidad de proyectos de inversión mejor conocido. Esta tasa interna de retorno representa, en la interpretación tradicional de las tasas de interés,  a la tasa de interés ganada por una inversión alternativa sobre el saldo no recuperado de una inversión. Sin embargo, cuando se presenta una inconsistencia, basada en la aparición de raíces múltiples, se acude a la Tasa Interna de Retorno Modificada (TIRM) para aportar una definición a la toma de decisiones. El trabajo sostiene que este método de la TIRM puede ser utilizado siempre en la toma de decisiones económicas financieras,  porque conceptualmente utiliza valores en sus variables de decisión, mucho más cercanos a los que operan en el mercado y en el conocimiento de quién toma la decisión, involucrando en su resultado el que se puede obtener con los métodos tradicionales, en el caso que estos se aplican con solvencia. Aún, este método se comprobará es efectivo en el caso de proyectos de inversión con diferentes horizontes de planificación. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5377/nexo.v26i2.1287 Nexo Revista Científica Vol. 26, No. 02, pp. 83-87/Diciembre 2013
Promises and Challenges of the International Criminal Court: view from a small State
Authors: Enkhsaikhan Jargalsaikhan
Published: January 2014

No abstract available. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5564/mjia.v0i10.115 The Mongolian Journal of International Affairs; Number 10, 2003, Pages 14-28
How to Understand Chinese Foreign Policy and Role in Northeast Asia
Authors: Yizhou Wang , Dongyang Li
Published: January 2014

No abstract available. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5564/mjia.v0i10.118 The Mongolian Journal of International Affairs; Number 10, 2003, Pages 46-59
Central Asia and China relations: implications to India
Authors: Stobdan P
Published: January 2014

No abstract available. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5564/mjia.v0i10.120 The Mongolian Journal of International Affairs; Number 10, 2003, Pages 72-85
Responses to Chinese Rule in Xinjiang: Patterns of Cooperation and Opposition
Authors: Gladney Dru C
Published: January 2014

No abstract available. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5564/mjia.v0i10.122 The Mongolian Journal of International Affairs; Number 10, 2003, Pages 102-119
Design of Neural Network Control System for Controlling Trajectory of Autonomous Underwater Vehicles
Authors: Eski İkbal , Yildirim SCahin
Published: January 2014

A neural network based robust control system design for the trajectory of Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (AUVs) is presented in this paper. Two types of control structure were used to control prescribed trajectories of an AUV. The vehicle was tested with random disturbances while taxiing under water. The results of the simulation showed that the proposed neural network based robust control system has superior performance in adapting to large random disturbances such as underwater flow.

It is proved that this kind of neural predictor could be used in real-time AUV applications.
Multi-Leg Seat Inventory Control Based on EMSU and Virtual Bucket
Authors: Fan Wei , Wang Jianwei , Ip W.H.
Published: January 2014

Expected marginal seat revenue (EMSR) is a well-known method for airline seat inventory control airlines. However, this method employs a static model to study the dynamic reservation process, and does not take into account the risk tolerance of policy makers. Expected marginal seat utility (EMSU) replaces revenue by utility, which addresses the real situation of seat inventory control. However, there is still a lack of multi-leg seat control algorithms based on EMSU. Therefore, using EMSU and bucket algorithms, this paper applies the Markov decision-making process to simulate the flight reservation process and builds a dynamic multi-leg seat inventory control model. Experimental results validate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
An Efficient Ceiling-view SLAM Using Relational Constraints Between Landmarks
Authors: Choi Hyukdoo , Kim Ryunseok , Kim Euntai
Published: January 2014

In this paper, we present a new indoor 'simultaneous localization and mapping‘ (SLAM) technique based on an upward-looking ceiling camera. Adapted from our previous work [ 17 ], the proposed method employs sparsely-distributed line and point landmarks in an indoor environment to aid with data association and reduce extended Kalman filter computation as compared with earlier techniques. Further, the proposed method exploits geometric relationships between the two types of landmarks to provide added information about the environment. This geometric information is measured with an upward-looking ceiling camera and is used as a constraint in Kalman filtering. The performance of the proposed ceiling-view (CV) SLAM is demonstrated through simulations and experiments. The proposed method performs localization and mapping more accurately than those methods that use the two types of landmarks without taking into account their relative geometries.
Correlations between Carcinoembryonic Antigen, Epidermal Growth Factor and Leptin in Patients with Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Cuihong  Song  , Jie  Liao  , Zihui  Deng  , Jinying  Zhang  , Hui  Xue  , Yongming  Li  , Chen Liang  , Ming Han  , Jianhua Li  , Guangtao Yan
Published: January 2014

Objectives:Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), epidermal growth factor (EGF) and leptin have been reported to be intimately intertwined in lung carcinogenesis.However, few studies have simultaneously examined these proteins in lung cancer and whether a correlation exist among them remains unclear. Here, we compared the levels of CEA, EGF and leptin in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients and controls and evaluated the possible associations among them. Methods:97 patients ranged from 30 to 83 years of age were studied. Serum CEA, EGF and leptin levels were determined following a standard protocol. The relationships between these proteins and clinicopathological factors were evaluated by Wilcoxon rank sum or Kruskal-Wallis H test. Spearman rank-correlation were used to determine the correlations among CEA, EGF and leptin. Co-expression of these proteins in NSCLC tissues was examined by immunofluorescence. Results: Serum CEA and leptin levels in NSCLC patients were significantly higher compared to controls (both P = 0.000), but no statistically significant difference was found for EGF. CEA and EGF were not associated with the tumor-related factors, but leptin was strongly correlated with sex (P = 0.005). Significant correlations among these proteins were found when the patients were categorized into subgroups. Co-expresstion of these proteins was significantly enhanced with lung carcinogenesis. Conclusions:CEA, EGF and leptin may interplay and play vital roles in the pathogenesis of NSCLC. Besides CEA, the leptin levels were also significantly higher in NSCLC patients than in controls. Determination of preoperative leptin levels may prove useful for screening and predicting NSCLC.
Bevacizumab in Combination with FOLFIRI in the First-Line Treatment of Patients with Advanced Colorectal Cancer: A Single-Institution Experience
Authors: Abigail Ruiz de Lobera  , Aitziber Buqué  , Alberto Muñoz  , Sergio Carrera  , Aintzane Sancho  , Itziar Rubio  , Eddy I. Gutierrez  , Mikel Arruti  , Inés Marrodán  , Guillermo López-Vivanco
Published: January 2014

Introduction: Bevacizumab combined with IFL (irinotecan, bolus 5-fluorouracil, and leucovorin) has been shown to improve outcomes for patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). However, infusional 5-fluorouracil-based combinations are now considered optimal in this setting. We analyzed the efficacy and toxicity of FOLFIRI (irinotecan, infusional 5-fluorouracil, and leucovorin)-bevacizumab in an unselected cohort of consecutive patients with mCRC. Materials and Methods: Patients with unresectable mCRC received bevacizumab 5 mg/kg and irinotecan 180 mg/m² on day 1, leucovorin 200 mg/m² on days 1 and 2, 5-fluorouracil 400 mg/m² bolus, and 600 mg/m² continuous infusion on days 1 and 2, every 14 days. Overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), objective response rate (ORR), and safety were assessed. Results: Overall, 127 patients were included (69% male, median age 64 years); 15 patients had diabetes, 40 had hypertension, and 23 were undergoing anticoagulant/antiplatelet therapy. Median PFS was 11.0 months (95% CI 10.0-12.0); median OS was 26.0 months (95% CI 21.9-30.1). The ORR was 55.1% (95% CI 46.3-63.6%), with 12 complete responses, 58 partial responses, and 44 patients with stable disease. Salvage surgery was performed in 31 patients (24%), including 23 with liver metastases and one with lung metastases. Grade 3/4 toxicities included neutropenia (17%), vomiting (6%), and diarrhea (17%); grade 3/4 bevacizumab-related toxicities included hypertension (2%), hemorrhage (2%), and venous (7%) and arterial thromboembolic events (5%). Conclusion: FOLFIRI-bevacizumab was active and tolerable in this cohort of unselected patients with mCRC, resulting in a high surgical rescue rate and prolonged survival.
Modeling Survival After Diagnosis of a Specific Disease Based on Case Surveillance Data
Authors: Song Ruiguang , Qin Gengsheng , Harrison Kathleen McDavid , Zhang Xinjian , Hall H Irene
Published: January 2014

Motivated by a study assessing the impact of treatments on survival of AIDS (Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome) patients, we developed a semi-parametric method to estimate the life expectancy after diagnosis using data from case surveillance. With the proposed method, the life expectancy is estimated based on the traditional non-parametric life table method, but the age-specific death rates are estimated using a parametric model to derive more robust estimates from limited numbers of deaths by single year of age. The uncertainties associated with the semi-parametric estimates are provided. In addition, the life expectancy among people with the disease is compared with the life expectancy among those with similar demographic characteristics in the general population. The average years of life lost is used to measure the impact of the disease or the treatment on the survival after diagnosis. The trend of impact over time can be evaluated by the annual estimates of life expectancy and average years of life lost in the past.
La hiperfragmentación informativa en el Diseño Periodístico Impreso: propuesta metodológica y análisis de repercusiones cognitivas
Authors: Carballo Fernando Suárez , San Román Juan Ramón Martín , Sánchez Javier Nó
Published: January 2014

Debido a la confluencia de varios factores, entre los que sobresale la enorme competencia en un nuevo contexto de comunicación dirigido por Internet, surge en la prensa escrita el fenómeno de la denominada hiperfragmentación informativa, que, mediante la disección del contenido en piezas más pequeñas, intenta potenciar la atención del lector y facilitar su lectura. En un intento por medir objetivamente la eficacia de determinados criterios de diseño gráfico, el estudio está orientado a evaluar la repercusión de los dos principios visuales que sustentan este modelo (la Fragmentación y el Contraste) en el comportamiento del lector y en sus procesos cognitivos (atención selectiva y comprensión). Para lograr estos objetivos, la investigación propone un método para la traducción de la página del diario a partir de los presupuestos del lenguaje de la imagen y el análisis de los elementos tipográficos que la conforman.Due to the confluence of several factors, especially the hard competition in a new communication context leaded by Internet, the press experiences the appearance of the phenomenon called information hyper-fragmentation, which, by dividing the content into smaller pieces, try to enhance the reader's attention and readability. In an attempt to objectively measure the effectiveness of certain graphic design criteria, this study aims to evaluate the impact of two visual principles that describe this model (Fragmentation and Contrast) in the behavior of the reader and his cognitive processing (selective attention and comprehension). In order to achieve these objetives, the research offers a method to translate the newspaper page through the fundamentals of the visual literacy and the analysis of the typographical elements that build it.
La iluminación en el videojuego. Aproximación a las claves que guían las interacciones del jugador en los entornos tridimensionales lúdicos.
Authors: Ruiz Marta Fernández
Published: January 2014

Si bien los videojuegos actuales se caracterizan en su mayoría por su gran  riqueza visual (texturas en alta definición, iluminación dinámica, etc), ésta no siempre tiene un fin meramente estético o decorativo, sino que puede adoptar un papel funcional al guiar visualmente al jugador en las diferentes interacciones que debe realizar en el juego. El propósito de este trabajo es explorar el papel la iluminación como recurso expresivo empleado para condicionar los movimientos y las acciones del jugador en los videojuegos. De acuerdo a ello, se ha desarrollado un análisis de contenido sobre una muestra de videojuegos comerciales actuales. El trabajo concluye con una descripción de las principales propiedades de la luz empleadas en el videojuego como forma de facilitar al jugador el acceso interactivo en los entornos tridimensionales.
Butenes
Authors: Geilen Frank M.A. , Stochniol Guido , Peitz Stephan , Schulte‐Koerne Ekkehard
Published: January 2014

The article contains sections titled:1.Introduction2.Physical Properties3.Chemical Properties4.Resources and Raw Materials5.Upgrading of Butenes6.Quality Specifications7.Analysis8.Storage and Transportation9.Uses and Economic Data10.Toxicology
Intermodel spread of East Asian summer monsoon simulations in CMIP5
Authors: Chen Jinqiang , Bordoni Simona
Published: January 2014

In this paper we diagnose the intermodel spread in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) East Asian summer monsoon (EASM) simulations in the context of the moist static energy and moisture budgets. We find that the spatial distribution of the EASM precipitation simulated by different models is highly correlated with the meridional stationary eddy velocity, defined as the deviation from the long‐term zonal mean. The correlation becomes more robust when energy fluxes into the atmospheric column are considered, consistent with recent observational analyses. The spread in the area‐averaged rainfall amount can be partially explained by the spread in the simulated globally averaged precipitation, with the rest primarily due to the lower level meridional wind convergence. Clear relationships between precipitation and zonal and meridional eddy velocities are observed.
Wind‐blown sandstones cemented by sulfate and clay minerals in Gale Crater, Mars
Authors: Milliken R. E. , Ewing R. C. , Fischer W. W. , Hurowitz J.
Published: January 2014

Gale Crater contains Mount Sharp, a ~5 km thick stratigraphic record of Mars' early environmental history. The strata comprising Mount Sharp are believed to be sedimentary in origin, but the specific depositional environments recorded by the rocks remain speculative. We present orbital evidence for the occurrence of eolian sandstones within Gale Crater and the lower reaches of Mount Sharp, including preservation of wind‐blown sand dune topography in sedimentary strata—a phenomenon that is rare on Earth and typically associated with stabilization, rapid sedimentation, transgression, and submergence of the land surface. The preserved bedforms in Gale are associated with clay minerals and elsewhere accompanied by typical dune cross stratification marked by bounding surfaces whose lateral equivalents contain sulfate salts. These observations extend the range of possible habitable environments that may be recorded within Gale Crater and provide hypotheses that can be tested in situ by the Curiosity rover payload.
REPAD: An empirical model of pitch angle distributions for energetic electrons in the Earth's outer radiation belt
Authors: Chen Yue , Friedel Reiner H. W. , Henderson Michael G. , Claudepierre Seth G. , Morley Steven K. , Spence Harlan E.
Published: January 2014

We have recently conducted a statistical survey on pitch angle distributions of energetic electrons trapped in the Earth's outer radiation belt, and a new empirical model was developed based upon survey results. This model—relativistic electron pitch angle distribution (REPAD)—aims to present statistical pictures of electron equatorial pitch angle distributions, instead of the absolute flux levels, as a function of energy, L shell, magnetic local time, and magnetic activity. To quantify and facilitate this statistical survey, we use Legendre polynomials to fit long‐term in situ directional fluxes observed near the magnetic equator from three missions: CRRES, Polar, and LANL‐97A. As the first of this kind of model, REPAD covers the whole outer belt region, providing not only the mean and median pitch angle distributions in the area but also error estimates of the average distributions. Preliminary verification and validation results demonstrate the reliable performance of this model. Usage of REPAD is mainly to predict the full pitch angle distribution of fluxes along a given magnetic field line, or even on a given drift shell, based upon one single unidirectional or omnidirectional flux measurement anywhere on that field line. This can be particularly useful for data assimilation, which usually has large tolerance on data errors. In addition, relatively small variations in pitch angle distributions measured at L shell between ~ 4 and 5 justify the assumption of fixed pitch angle distributions at GPS equatorial crossings (L ~ 4.2) used in our previous studies.
Opposite effects of absorbing aerosols on the retrievals of cloud optical depth from spaceborne and ground‐based measurements
Authors: Li Zhanqing , Zhao Fengsheng , Liu Jianjun , Jiang Mengjiao , Zhao Chuanfeng , Cribb Maureen
Published: January 2014

Absorbing aerosols above or within cloud layers have drawn much attention in recent years due to substantially enhanced absorption of solar radiation that may affect reflection at the top of the atmosphere. The retrieval of cloud properties is usually conducted without any regard to aerosols. This study illustrates that retrievals of cloud optical depth (τc) from spaceborne and ground‐based sensors are both affected by such aerosols and lead to opposite biases. A ground‐based retrieval algorithm is developed for the simultaneous retrieval of τc and cloud droplet effective radius using spectral irradiance measurements from a multifilter rotating spectroradiometer and liquid water path (LWP) data from a microwave radiometer deployed in China. The algorithm is applied to data acquired from 17 May 2008 to 12 May 2009 at a heavily polluted site in the heart of the Yangtze delta region in China. The ground‐based retrieval of cloud droplet effective radius increases with increasing LWP. Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer retrievals tend to overestimate (underestimate) LWP when cloud LWP is less (greater) than about 200 g/m2. Model tests show strong sensitivities to the retrieval of τc from ground and spaceborne sensors under varying absorption, loading, and vertical distribution conditions. For absorbing aerosol mixed with cloud, τc tends to be underestimated from space, but overestimated from the ground, leading to very poor agreement between ground‐based and Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer retrievals. Their differences increase with increasing τc. This finding suggests that in a turbid atmosphere with absorbing aerosols, the aerosol effect should be considered, or it would mislead any validation using satellite and ground‐based retrievals.
Three‐Component Reactions of Aromatic Aldehydes and Two Different Nucleophiles and their Leaving Ability‐Determined Downstream Conversions of the Products
Authors: Li Minghao , Taheri Amir , Liu Meng , Sun Shaohuan , Gu Yanlong
Published: January 2014

Many three‐component reactions of aromatic aldehydes with activated methylene derivatives and an associated nucleophile have been developed by using L‐proline as the catalyst. Nucleophiles, such as indoles, thiophenols, mercaptans, 2‐methylfuran and benzenesulfinic acid, could be successfully used in the reactions while the activated methylene derivatives can be 1,3‐cyclohexanedione, dimedone, 1,3‐cyclopentanedione, 1‐phenyl‐3‐methyl‐5‐pyrazolone, 4‐hydroxycoumarin, 4,6‐dihydroxy‐2‐mercaptopyrimidine, 4‐hydroxy‐1‐methyl‐2quinolone, 4‐hydroxy‐6‐methyl‐2‐pyrone and 2‐hydroxy‐1,4‐naphthoquinone. Investigation of the downstream utilization of the products from the above multicomponent reactions (MCRs) revealed that selective cleavages of carbon‐carbon and carbon‐heteroatom bonds in these molecules are indeed possible, which opens an avenue to access some new SN1‐type reactions. Particularly, when the MCR product of an aromatic aldehyde, dimedone and thiophenol was treated with an acid catalyst in the presence of an appropriate nucleophile, cleavage of the carbon‐sulfur bond occurred preferentially, thus providing many complex molecules that cannot be attained by other known methods.

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Constrained particle filtering methods for state estimation of nonlinear process
Authors: Zhao Zhonggai , Huang Biao , Liu Fei
Published: January 2014

Increasingly in practical applications, nonlinearity, non‐Gaussianity, and constraint must be considered to obtain good state estimation. A constrained particle filter (PF) approach for state estimation, which involves three alternative strategies to impose the constraints on the prior particles, posterior particles, and state estimation has been proposed. First, to impose constraints on prior particles, a constrained Gibbs sampling method with a constrained inverse transform sampling is proposed to restrict sampling within the constraint region under cases of both univariate and coupling constraints. Second, to ensure validity of posterior particles, resampling is confined to the valid prior particles and the violated ones are discarded, which results in a similar formulation as the existing acceptance/rejection constrained PF method in literature. Third, if the state estimation violates the constraint, different from the existing methods that either discard all violated particles or accept all of them by projecting them onto the constraint region, the proposed method makes a balance between the prior and the likelihood function by adjusting the weights of violated and valid particles, respectively. Compared with the existing methods, the proposed method provides better physical interpretation and involves no restrictive assumptions about the distributions. Simulation results demonstrate effectiveness of the proposed methods. © 2014 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 60: 2072–2082, 2014
Methods for root cause diagnosis of plant‐wide oscillations
Authors: Duan Ping , Chen Tongwen , Shah Sirish L. , Yang Fan
Published: January 2014

Plant‐wide oscillations are common in many industrial processes. They may impact the overall process performance and reduce profitability. It is important to detect and diagnose such oscillations. This paper reviews advances in diagnosis of plant‐wide oscillations. The main focus of this study is on identifying possible root causes of oscillations using two techniques, one based on data analysis in the temporal and spectral domains and the other based on process connectivity analysis. The process data‐based analysis provides an effective way to capture the difference between the root cause variable and the secondary propagated oscillating variables. It is shown that process topology‐based methods are capable of finding oscillation propagation pathways and, thus, help in determining the root cause. This paper discusses and compares five such methods—spectral envelope, adjacency matrix, Granger causality, transfer entropy, and Bayesian network inference methods— by application to an industrial benchmark dataset. © 2014 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 60: 2019–2034, 2014
A phase III randomized trial of high‐dose CEOP + filgrastim versus standard‐dose CEOP in patients with non‐Hodgkin lymphoma: 10‐year follow‐up data: Australasian Leukaemia and Lymphoma Group (ALLG) NHL07 trial
Authors: Hertzberg Mark , Matthews Jane Palfrey , Stone Janey Malka , Dubosq Ming‐Celine , Grigg Andrew , Ellis David , Benson Warwick , Browett Peter , Horvath Noemi , Januszewicz Henry , Abdi Ehtesham , Green Michael , Bonaventura Anthony , Marlton Paula , Cannell Paul , Wolf Max ,   on behalf of the ALLG
Published: January 2014

Increasing dose intensity (DI) of chemotherapy for patients with aggressive non‐Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) may improve outcomes at the cost of increased toxicity. This issue was addressed in a randomized trial aiming to double the DI of myelosuppressive drugs. Between 1994 and 1999, 250 patients with previously untreated aggressive NHL were randomized to treatment with six cycles of 3‐weekly standard (s) or intensive (i) chemotherapy: s‐CEOP–cyclophosphamide 750, epirubicin 75, vincristine 1.4 mg/m2 all on day 1, and prednisolone 100 mg days 1–5; i‐CEOP–cyclophosphamide 1,500, epirubicin 150, vincristine 1.4 mg/m2 all on day 1, and prednisolone 100 mg days 1–5. Primary endpoint was 5‐year overall survival (OS). Relative to s‐CEOP patients, i‐CEOP patients achieved a 78% increase in the DI of cyclophosphamide and epirubicin. Despite this, there was no significant difference in any outcome: 5‐year OS (56.7% i‐CEOP; 55.1% s‐CEOP; P = 0.80), 5‐year progression free survival (PFS; 41% i‐CEOP; 43% s‐CEOP; P = 0.73), 5‐year time to progression (TTP; 44% i‐CEOP; 47% s‐CEOP; P = 0.72), or complete remission (CR) + unconfirmed CR (CRu) rates (53% i‐CEOP; 59% s‐CEOP; P = 0.64). Long‐term follow up at 10 years also showed no significant differences in OS, PFS, or TTP. The i‐CEOP arm had higher rates of febrile neutropenia (70 vs. 26%), hospitalisations, blood product utilisation, haematological and gastrointestinal toxicities, and lower quality of life scores during treatment, although without significant differences 6‐month later. In the treatment of aggressive NHL in the prerituximab era, increasing DI did not result in improved outcomes, while at the same time lead to increased toxicity. Am. J. Hematol. 89:536–541, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Biometallorganische Chemie mit IspG und IspH: Struktur, Funktion und Hemmung der an der Isoprenoid‐Biosynthese beteiligten [Fe4S4]‐Proteine
Authors: Wang Weixue , Oldfield Eric
Published: January 2014

Enzyme des Methylerythritolphosphat‐Weges sind eine attraktive Angriffsstelle für Antiinfektiva. Die letzten beiden Enzyme dieses Biosyntheseweges, IspG und IspH, sind [Fe4S4]‐Proteine, die über neuartige Mechanismen 2 H+/2 e−‐Reduktionen katalysieren und vom Menschen nicht gebildet werden. In diesem Aufsatz fassen wir aktuelle Fortschritte der strukturellen, mechanistischen und inhibitorischen Studien zu diesen beiden Enzymen zusammen. Insbesondere werden mechanistische Vorschläge mit biometallorganischen Zwischenstufen vorgestellt und mit anderen mechanistischen Möglichkeiten verglichen. Auf Substratanaloga basierende Inhibitoren, die durch rationale Überlegungen und das Screening von Substanzbibliotheken entwickelt wurden, werden diskutiert. Die präsentierten Ergebnisse untermauern die biometallorganischen Katalysemechanismen für IspG und IspH und eröffnen Perspektiven für die Entwicklung von Inhibitoren, die auf [Fe4S4]‐Cluster in Proteinen zielen.
Synthesis of Bis(heteroaryl) Ketones by Removal of Benzylic CHR and CO Groups
Authors: Maji Arun , Rana Sujoy , Akanksha  , Maiti Debabrata
Published: January 2014

A copper‐catalyzed method for synthesis of diaryl ketones (Ar‐CO‐Ar′) through removal of benzylic ‐CH2‐, ‐CO‐, and ‐CHR‐ groups from Ar‐CO‐CXR‐Ar′ has been discovered. A number of symmetrical and unsymmetrical heterocyclic ketones, which are usually difficult to synthesize, can be prepared in good to excellent yields. This method was applied to the synthesis of the nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drug suprofen (47 % yield over three steps). Based on preliminary mechanistic and kinetic studies, an active Cu/O2 species is proposed to mediate the rearrangement reaction.
Luminescent Materials: Locking π‐Conjugated and Heterocyclic Ligands with Boron(III)
Authors: Frath Denis , Massue Julien , Ulrich Gilles , Ziessel Raymond
Published: January 2014

Multidisciplinary research on novel organic luminescent dyes is propelled by potential applications in plastic electronics and biomedical sciences. The construction of sophisticated fluorescent dyes around a tetrahedral boron(III) center is a particular approach that has fueled the creativity of chemists. Success in this enterprise has been readily achieved with simple synthetic protocols, the products of which display unusual spectroscopic behavior. This account is a critical review of recent advances in the field of boron(III) complexes (excluding BODIPYs and acetylacetonate boron complexes) involving species displaying similar coordination features, and we outline their potential development in several disciplines.
Coupling of an N‐Heterocyclic Carbene on Iron with Alkynes to Form η5‐Cyclopentadienyl‐Diimine Ligands
Authors: Hatanaka Tsubasa , Ohki Yasuhiro , Tatsumi Kazuyuki
Published: January 2014

A cyclometalated N‐heterocyclic carbene ligand in a half‐sandwich iron complex was found to couple with alkynes, leading to a unique type of ring opening of the carbene ligand and the formation of ferrocenyl–diimine complexes. An intermediary iron complex obtained from the reaction with phenylacetylene reveals that the ring opening follows the formation of a fused heterocycle consisting of an imidazole ring and two alkynes.
Anion‐Controlled Switching of an X Ligand into a Z Ligand: Coordination Non‐innocence of a Stiboranyl Ligand
Authors: Ke Iou‐Sheng , Jones James S. , Gabbaï François P.
Published: January 2014

The tetravalent platinum stiboranyl complex [(o‐(Ph2P)C6H4)2(o‐C6Cl4O2)Sb]PtCl2Ph (2) has been synthesized by reaction of [(o‐(Ph2P)C6H4)2SbClPh]PtCl (1) with o‐chloranil. In the presence of fluoride anions, the stiboranyl moiety of 2 displays non‐innocent behavior and is readily converted into a fluorostiborane unit. This transformation, which is accompanied by elimination of a chloride ligand from the Pt center, results in the formation of [(o‐(Ph2P)C6H4)2(o‐C6Cl4O2)SbF]PtClPh (3). Structural, spectroscopic, and computational studies show that the conversion of 2 into 3 is accompanied by a cleavage of the covalent PtSb bond present in 2 and formation of a longer and weaker Pt→Sb interaction in 3. These results show that this new Pt–Sb platform supports the fluoride‐induced metamorphosis of a stiboranyl X ligand into a stiborane Z ligand.