bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Transient Numerical Simulation of Linear Thermal Transmittance in Software CalA
Authors: Plášek Josef , Sikula Ondrej
Published: October 2014

Calculation of heat losses of buildings according to European standard EN ISO 10211 and Czech standard ČSN 73 0540 is simplified to one-dimensional time-steady heat conduction through the building construction in direction of the largest temperature gradient. This simplification of the calculation is incorrect in case of complex geometry. Calculation according to norm takes into account this inaccuracy and uses Linear Thermal Transmittance Ψ [W/(m·K)] in 2D geometry or Point Thermal Transmittance χ [W/(m2·K)] in the 3D geometry as a calculation correction. This contribution is focused on detailed calculation of linear thermal transmittance in case of contact external peripheral wall and plastic window frame. Results of two-dimensional transient numerical simulation show unsteady linear thermal transmittance in time and dependence on solar radiation. All of these variable boundary conditions can be easily simulated in the software CalA as well as complex geometry.
Numerical Study of the Influence of Insect Grille on Airflow in Ventilated Facade Constructions
Authors: Šagát Erik , Matějka Libor
Published: October 2014

This article discusses a numerical model to evaluate the influence of inlet/outlet insect grilles in naturally ventilated facades. Two models were created for this comparison. The difference between these models is in inlet and outlet openings. One model is fitted with insect grilles and the other one without insect grilles. Both models are three dimensional vertical ventilated cavity. Boundary conditions fit to summer season. In particular, the influence of insect grilles on airflow velocity and air temperature in the cavity are evaluated. The main goal of this work is to show the effect of openings size and geometry to functionality of natural ventilated constructions.
Development and Experimental Verification of Ventilation Units for Under Pressure Ventilation System
Authors: Bielek Boris , Szabó Daniel , Majsniar Vladimír
Published: October 2014

Task of controlled ventilation in modern residential buildings is to ensure optimum quality of interior environment and fulfill hygienic and thermal technical requirements guaranteeing comfort of user. The paper discusses development and experimental verification of atypical vertical ventilation units of under pressure controlled ventilation system for residential high-rise building. Recommended concept of solution to façade detail in relation to ventilation system. Conceptual designs of alternatives of air inlet openings of under pressure controlled ventilation system for apartments of atypical vertical geometry. Optimized alternative of air inlet openings in the bottom level of vertical pilaster with function of air distribution channel for ventilation system. Laboratory experimental verification of physical properties of optimized alternative of ventilation units of under pressure controlled ventilation system in their development cycle. Hydrodynamic regime of air inlet openings of controlled ventilation system – laboratory experimental research in large rain chamber. Aerodynamic regime of natural controlled ventilation system – laboratory experimental research in large pressure chamber. Acoustic properties of natural controlled ventilation system – laboratory experimental research in acoustic chambers. Comparison by the experiment of verified parameters of ventilation units of under pressure controlled ventilation with design parameters.
Analysis of Damage to the Historic Roof Truss in Terms of Internal Environment
Authors: Sibilla Luboš , Vlček Milan , Struhala Karel , Kříž Pavel
Published: October 2014

The main threats that endanger the historical roof trusses in our geographical conditions are wood decaying fungi and wood destroying insects. For these threats to occur and spread across the historical roof truss, several criteria have to be fulfilled within the indoor environment. These critical criteria include wood moisture, relative humidity, amount of daylight and airflow. In addition to these monitored parameters and their critical values, we must not forget the impact of local geographical specifications and wider dependencies. This article is focuses on comparison of theoretical knowledge in this area with in-situ measurements of historical roof trusses on several reference buildings – churches and chapels in Southern Moravia. These were chosen due to their long-lasting nature and circumstances of the construction. The influence of specific local conditions (especially indoor environment) on the extent of damage is also examined in addition to general comparison.
Issues of Indoor Climate Discomfort in Light Wooden Low-Energy Houses
Authors: Štefko Jozef
Published: October 2014

The paper presents the results of in-situ measurements (temperature and CO2 concentration) carried out on several family houses built in a low-energy, passive or nearly zero standard. Factors of potential discomfort of wooden low-energy houses such as light good-insulated envelope constructions, solar passive gains, air tightness, sensibility of ventilation system and others are analyzed. Results of measurements are confronted with computer simulations and results based on normative methods.
Microbiological Aspects of Energy-Efficient HVAC (Ventilation) Systems Houses
Authors: Bernard Jiří , Frič Lukáš , Rubinová Olga , Počinková Marcela , Rubina Aleš , Jelínek Ondřej
Published: October 2014

Currently it is under pressure to reduce the energy consumption of the buildings. The pressure is noticeably reflected in the current way of building designing, in general. Therefore, essential part of these objects become air-conditioning (ventilation) systems, mainly due to possibilities of heat recovery and controlled ventilation. This contribution focuses on ventilation systems, low energy houses, which aims to highlight the issue of purity of these systems on the microbial level. Evaluate the impact of external and internal environment following the condition of HVAC systems in time, in the real objects. The purpose (aim) of this all is to remind that there are other aspects that have to be considered in the design and subsequently, in the use of the systems, such as the impact of the nature of the building use on the purity of air-conditioning systems. It is necessary to point out that the presented ventilation systems have a significant impact on the creation of the internal environment, and equally they can harm, instead to be beneficial.
Relation between the Light Transmission of the Glazing System and Daylight Factor
Authors: Kondáš Kristián , Darula Stanislav
Published: October 2014

Windows are one of the most important parts of the building façade. Their main function is to ensure sufficient illumination of interiors and contact with outdoor environment, either directly or indirectly. The optical properties of the glazed part of these envelop apertures have significant influence on a lot of requirements, which have to be satisfied at the same time. The daylight distribution on the working plane is most affected by the glazing system’s light transmission. This study offers a simple method, how to find the appropriate value of the glazing system’s light transmission in relation to the Daylight Factor, in order to ensure the required daylight distribution in interior.
Effect of Light Reflectance of External Surfaces on Daylight Factor
Authors: Gábrová Lenka
Published: October 2014

Daylighting is one of the important factors in the internal environment of buildings. The quality and quantity of daylighting depends on many factors including distances, heights, shapes and reflectance of surrounding external obstacles and ground reflectance. The quantity of daylighting is evaluated using the Daylight Factor. The case study carried out on a lighting simulation software and presented in this article demonstrates the influence of the light reflectance of external surfaces on the Daylight Factor. The aim of the article is the comparison and evaluation of the impact of the light reflectance of the external surfaces on the Daylight Factor.
Construction Site Noise and its Influence on Protected Area of the Existing Buildings
Authors: Kantová Radka , Motyčka Vít
Published: October 2014

The article addresses the problem of noise from the perspective of protected building space near the construction. If they are near a building already populated, the residents should not be exposed to elevated noise burden, and according to Government Regulation No. 272/2011 of 24 August 2011 on health protection before adverse effects of noise and vibrations, which are set noise limits. In the process optimization production planning is therefore necessary to address the areas of in-situ noise, its creation, modeling, design methodologies to assess the overall noise at the site. The Article analyzed the issue introduction of new approaches when optimizing for the site and the necessity aspects of noise pollution site in construction technological preparations for the construction. The article defines in detail the sources of noise during construction, dealing with modeling of site noise sources and the value of the protected space structures. It presents examples of noise studies, where captured effect of noise on the nearest places protected sites and residential areas. Presents the methodology of work with the values of the inputs and outputs when working with software support.
Comparison of Acoustic Properties of the Peripheral Walls of Energy Efficient Buildings - Natural and Artificial Materials
Authors: Zdražilová Naďa , Skotnicova Iveta , Donová Denisa , Winkler Jiří
Published: October 2014

Natural eco-friendly materials are widely discussed topic nowadays, especially in the context of the implementation of European legislation into national legislation and with the increasing demands on the energy efficiency of buildings. The majority of builders still prefer the classical artificial materials. One of the reasons is the lack of technical information, particularly in the field of building acoustics and fire safety, which would be demonstrated by appropriate research. The aim of this study is to compare the acoustic properties of selected structures based on natural materials which are based on research results and a series of measurements with conventional materials to demonstrate their competitiveness.
Comparison of Measuring Instruments and Methods for Determining the Moisture Content of Wood
Authors: Kalousek Lubor , Brzoň Roman , Fišarová Zuzana
Published: October 2014

The monitoring of moisture in building structures is a long solved problem accompanied by a difficult data collection with more complex interpretations. Moisture of structures is very difficult to monitor and evaluate due to its changing not only in the local distribution but especially in relation to time and material properties. The paper is focused on the comparison of measuring instruments designed for immediate detection of moisture in material due to its parameters. For comparison the samples of softwood were selected, which have undergone specific exposing of wet in accordance with terms and conditions of Czech technical standards.
Studying of the Behavior of Thermal Insulation Materials Based on Natural Fibers for Incorporation into the Building Structure
Authors: Zach Jiří , Hroudová Jitka , Novák Vítězslav
Published: October 2014

Thermal insulation materials based on natural fibers exhibit after incorporation into the construction of higher moisture sensitivity, while high humidity may just be the reason for the degradation of their thermal insulation properties and in extreme cases can lead to a reduction in their lifetime. The paper describes the results of research focused on the study of hygrothermal behavior of thermal insulating materials on the basis of bast fibers and their behavior after incorporation into the building structure.
New Structures for Transparent Roofs
Authors: Vojteková Eva , Ivánková Oľga , Konecna Lenka
Published: October 2014

Transparency of glazed roofs does not depend on glass as material, which enables an admission of daylight to the interior, but it depends on the share of the glazed part of the canopy and their structural part. Spaces of glazed atria and courtyards of historical buildings are covered with very difficult shape of glazed canopies, which are supported by various types of load-bearing structures. In contemporary architecture glazed atria are used for the reason of saving energy and lighting up the inner spaces. New types of structures and using glass in load-bearing function in glass canopies are important thanks to their structural subtlety, where the structure covers slight part of glazed canopy. The result of clever ideas and modern technology are lightweight structures of bold forms and spans. In this context transparency became a new expression element of architecture.
Hygro-Thermal Behaviour of Timber Frame Straw Bale Construction as an Energy Efficient Building Technology
Authors: Bernard Tomasz , Korjenic Azra
Published: October 2014

Due to an increasing request for ecological building constructions, in particular straw bale buildings, a research in this regard has been performed at the Vienna University of Technology. Straw bale construction is a new rediscovered building technology, which is an alternative to conventional construction technologies. The aim of this study is caring out of hygro-thermal simulation of a straw bale wall construction to design as efficiently as possible straw bale house. The choose of other construction elements for a thermal analysis (appropriate wall, roof and a base plate construction), was based on an extensive literature researche. For the examination of the building a timber frame construction has been selected. The straw bales in this construction were plastered inside with clay plaster and externally with a combination of lime and clay plaster. The roof structure was designed as a green roof and insulated with straw bales. The base plate was also insulated with straw bales. To check the thermal behavior of the structures described above were thermal bridges calculated using a FEM program. The hygrothermal behavior was calculated with HAM4D building physic software, developed on the department for Buildings Physics and Sound Protection on Vienna University of Technology. Ecological and economic evaluation of straw bale construction was carried out with reference to the data from the literature. The performed thermal (with COMSOL) and the first hygrothermal calculations (with HAM4D Software) have demonstrated a very favorable performance of the proposed building components. The achieved low U-values ​​of the components allow the construction of passive houses. The use of self-build-service in the construction process can reduce construction costs significantly. The use of ecological materials such as: straw, clay and wood allows a low cost recycling of building materials.
Study on Prediction of Mackey-Glass Chaotic Time Series Using Support Vector Machines
Authors: Ning Ya Li , Wang Xin You , He Xi Ping
Published: October 2014

Support Vector Machines (SVM), which is a new generation learning method based on advances in statistical learning theory, is characterized by the use of many standard technologies of machine learning such as maximal margin hyperplane, Mercel kernels and the quadratic programming. Because the best performance is obtained in many currently challenging applications, SVM has sustained wide attention, and has been become the standard tools of machine learning and data mining. But as a developing technology, SVM still have some problems and its applications are limited. In this paper, SVM and its applications in chaotic time series including predicting chaotic time series, focus on comparison in regression type selection, and kernel type selection in the same regression machine type.
A Production Estimation Algorithm in Commingled Oil Wells Based Kernel Partial Least Square
Authors: Yang Xiao Min , Yan Bin Yu , Yang Zong Rui
Published: October 2014

Commingling is employed in the petroleum industry to enhance oil recovery and reduce costs. It is of great importance to monitor the production of each oil well oilfields. Nowadays, more and more oilfields use chromatographic fingerprint to estimate single-zone production allocation. In order to insure the efficiency and affectivity of the commingled oil well exploiting, the productivity contribution of every single layer must be acquainted. Kernel partial least squares (KPLS) is a promising regression method for tackling nonlinear systems because it can efficiently compute regression coefficients in high-dimensional feature spaces by means of nonlinear kernel functions. Unlike other nonlinear partial least squares (PLS) techniques KPLS does not entail any nonlinear optimization procedures and has a complexity similar to that of linear PLS. Using the technology of crude oil chromatography fingerprint, an algorithm for predicting productivity contribution based on KPLS is proposed. The validity of the method is proved by laboratory artificial experiments. The maximum absolute error of predicted and real proportion is less than 10%. The model can also be applied to other wells which are similar to those used in the experiment. The experiment results show the prediction model is feasible.
Prediction for Gas Emission Quantity of the Working Face Based on LSSVM Optimized by Improved Particle Swarm Optimization
Authors: Feng Yu Xi , Zhang Kai Zhi , Yu Xi Zhan , Liu Qing Zhi
Published: October 2014

Gas emission quantity may forecast the quantity of gas inside the coal, which has important significance for predicting the outburst of gas, but the problem always has not been well solved. Traditional Particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm lacks the ability to track the optimal solution while the fitness function changes. An improved algorithm named Time Variant PSO (TVPSO) was proposed to track the optimal solution online. Then it was used to choose the parameters of Least Square Support Vector Machine (LSSVM), which could avoid the man-made blindness and enhance the efficiency of online forecasting. The TVPSO-LSSVM method is based on the minimum structure risk of SVM and the globally optimizing ability of TVPSO to forecast continuously the gas emission quantity of the working face. The method was applied to solve the problem of nonlinear chaos time series prediction. Result shows that the method satisfies the need of online forecasting.
Performance Evaluation of Agriculture and Forestry Biomass Energy Listed Companies
Authors: Wang Si Yi , Mi Feng
Published: October 2014

In this paper we applied the DEA model to the performance evaluation of the agriculture and forestry biomass energy companies. By constructing the corresponding evaluation model and index system, we conducted an empirical analysis with the dates of 8 companies from 2009 to 2012. The results state that the technical efficiency of the companies is low when compared with other industries and though many companies are under the condition of input slacks, their production efficiency still grew incrementally. Finally, this paper put forward countermeasures and suggestions for promoting the development of forestry biomass energy listed companies.
Study on Application of Markowitz’s Portfolio Selection Theory in Overseas Petroleum Venture Investment Decision
Authors: Jiang Wei Na , Ju Bin Shan , Zhai Guang Hua , Chen Ya Qiang , Wei Liang
Published: October 2014

Markowitz’s portfolio selection theory was applied in overseas petroleum venture capital investment, the mean of each project’s AT cash was used as the portfolio’s return, the fluctuate rate return of project was used to reflect portfolio’s risk, the combination of minimum risk portfolio optimization decision model was established. A variety of risk definition method were explored, efficient frontier under variety of risk-defined were developed, according to different risk preferences, the investment decision-makers can choose optimal portfolio to maximize investment, so as to reduce and avoid undue loss.
Evaluation of Production Efficiency by the Three-Stage Data Envelopment Analysis Model: Chinese Power Sector as the Study Case
Authors: Chen Yu Jie , Chen Si Lu , Yi Qiang , Tu Jun
Published: October 2014

Previous research on the evaluation of production efficiency cannot effectively respond influences caused by environmental effect and random error. Specifically, most of electric power companies in China suffer from low production efficiency and ineffective evaluation models. However, with the adoption of the proposed three-stage data envelop analysis (DEA) model, reasonable judgments on the investment decision and management level can be reached. Practical investigation has proved that it can help power companies make more objective judgment which would then bring about continuous improvement.
Research on UHV Grid Construction and Development in China
Authors: Ma Jun Wei , Yan Li , Hao Xiao Wei , Zhang Shu Juan , Luo Hong Bo , Gao Xue Jiang
Published: October 2014

State Grid Company put forward for the first time the building schedule of the 8 ultra-high voltage (HUV) lines included in Atmospheric Pollution Prevention Plan in mid-2014 work conference, which will start construction before the first half of next year. UHV grid in China is in full speed construction phase. This paper analyzed the internal contradiction between energy distribution and social development, and pointed out the center position of electric power in energy development, finally gave a detailed analysis of the necessity of the construction of UHV power grid.
Preparation of Expandable Graphite by Ozone Oxidation Method
Authors: Liu Ding Fu , Liang Ji Zhao
Published: October 2014

In order to reduce environmental pollution and recycle the intercalating solution, a new way to prepare expandable graphite (graphite intercalation compound, GIC) by ozone oxidation was proposed. The influences of the intercalating solution, reaction time, ozone flow and concentration of sulfuric acid on exfoliated volume (EV) were discussed in detail. The EV of H2SO4-GIC is much bigger than that of HClO4-GIC or fuming HNO3-GIC. The optimum condition with the maximum EV of 285 ml/g at 950°C may be that reaction time, ozone flow, sulfuric acid concentration are 3.5 hours, 80 ml/min and 98 wt. %, respectively. X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns were used to analyze the structure and confirmed that GIC had indeed been prepared successfully. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images showed the morphologies of GIC and exfoliated graphite (EG).
The Research on Performance of Mixed Soft Ferrite
Authors: Chen Ying Jie , Li Xing Hui , Yu Min , Tian Shao Long
Published: October 2014

This paper is concerned with the study of the performance of soft magnetic ferrite mixed with aluminum cement and silicon steel sheet. By measuring the amount of different substitution, the mix proportion of the soft magnetic ferrite, the temperature of different experimental point on the transformer, and the output voltage, we can analysis the performance of soft ferrite on permeability, loss rate and so on. After the data was analyzed, we can get the best mix proportion of iron aluminum and cement,and the best amount of substitution replacing silicon steel sheet.Then a new type of mix soft magnetic ferrite is developed. This experimental study can be applied to large-scale power and electrical equipment which can reduce production costs and improve production efficiency.
Investigation on Shear Behaviour of Flax-Kenaf Hybrid Composite
Authors: Srinivasan V.S. , Rajendra Boopathy S. , Vijaya Ramnath B.
Published: October 2014

The present technological development makes us to find and fabricate new materials to replace existing materials. Also, the need for environmental friendly, easily biodegradable material plays prime role in determining the raw materials. In this paper Flax and Kenaf fibres are used as the suspending matrix to form hybrid composite with epoxy resin. Hand layup technique is carried out in this work to fabricate composite laminate. The double shear property is evaluated. The result shows that the hybrid composite shows better property than mono fiber composites.
Surfactant Accelerating Leaching of Uranium Ores
Authors: Lv Yang , Lv Jun Wen , Zhou Jian Liang , Shen Jian
Published: October 2014

The effect of surfactant on improving the leaching rate of uranium was studied under both batch and column experiments. Batch experiments show that surfactant DMSS can improve the leaching rate and the the surface tension is decreased about 55.29%. 70 mg/l DMSS has the highest leaching rate of uranium , which close to the micellar concentration of DMSS. In the column study, with the addition of DMSS, the leaching rate of uranium is improved 8.3%. Thus the surfactant DMSS can accelerate leaching of uranium.
Determination of Quantum Confinement Effect of Nanoparticles
Authors: Chellammal S. , Manivannan S.
Published: October 2014

The energetic, structural and electronic properties of CdS with different nanometer sizes were prepared by the precipitation method by changing the refluxing time of the reactants. The grain sizes were determined by X-ray diffraction method. By impedance analyses method, the band gap value of nanoparticles were calculated and compared with the bulk material. The nanocrystalline CdS was characterized by Impedance spectroscopy and corresponding measurements are discussed briefly in this paper.
Research on Corrosion Prediction Technology of Lap Joint Structures with Dissimilar Materials Based on Boundary Element
Authors: Wang An Dong , Chen Yue Liang , Zhang Yong , Bian Gui Xue
Published: October 2014

In order to assess the safety and reliability of lap joint structures with dissimilar materials in aircraft, the mixed structure of CFRP and 2A12 was taken as an example, and a calculation model that based on the boundary element method was provided to simulate the galvanic corrosion. Depend on this, the research in the influence of the electrolyte concentration and the film thickness on the corrosion current density and potential distribution on the surface of simulation structures was developed. Meanwhile, the measured data was also used to verify the accuracy of the output result of the model. The comparsion result shows that outputs of the model are in good agreement with experiment datas. This model can be used to predict the galvanic corrosion in the lap joint structure in aircraft, thus minimizing the potential threats caused by corrosion to the flight safety.
Electrocatalytic Activity of Fe-N Doped Carbon Material Derived from Polyaniline-Prussian Blue Composite towards Oxygen Reduction Reaction
Authors: Chen Meng Yao , Lai Bo , Zhou Yu Fei , Zhang Guo Quan
Published: October 2014

Doped carbon materials have been recognized as a promising non-Pt cathode catalyst for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). We prepared a new Fe-N codoped carbon meterial by the carbonization of Polyaniline-Prussian blue composite (PANI-PB). PANI-PB was first prepared by doping polyaniline with ferrous ion and ferricyanide ion in turn. The composite was then carbonized in a nitrogen atmosphere at a heating rate of 10°C min−1 up to a maximum temperature of 800°C, forming a Fe-N doped carbon meterial (Fe-N/C). The product demonstrates a unique graphitized structure and has a relatively high Fe-N doping amount. The cyclic voltammetry curves (CV) show that the composite can catalyze the ORR much more efficiently than either of the single materials containing only carbonized PANI or carbonized PB in alkaline media.
Catalytic Activity of PILCS for Water Gas Shift Reaction of CO
Authors: Dai Chun Hao , Ning Ping , Tian Sen Lin , Qin Pu Feng
Published: October 2014

Montmorillonite pillared by mixing Fe, Fe-Cr, Al-Fe and Cu-Al complexes was investigated for their catalytic activities for Water Gas Shift Reaction (WGSR). Element chemical analysis showed that the content of Fe, Fe-Cr, Al-Fe catalysts were 26.93%, 31.03%, 28.20%, respectively. Compared with the traditional shift catalyst, in the same shift condition, we can use the PILC catalysts to substitute. Using PILC catalysts can accurately control the constitution of synthesis gas over changing shift rate.
Determination and Comparison of Material Properties of Commercial Wood-Plastic Composite Products
Authors: Hyvärinen Marko , Paajanen Juho , Kärki Timo
Published: October 2014

Outdoor applications of wood-plastic composites (WPCs) have raised question about the durability of such materials. WPCs are vulnerable to weathering factors such as UV radiation, moisture and freeze-thaw action. Weathering can cause discoloration, chalking, dimensional changes and loss of mechanical properties.This comparative study examines the effects of increased moisture content and artificial weathering on the properties of wood-plastic composites. Five commercial wood-plastic composite products from five different manufacturers were chosen and their water absorption, thickness swelling, impact strength and resistance to artificial weathering analyzed. An in-house manufactured wood-polypropylene composite with carbon black pigment was used as a reference product. In addition to quantitative investigation of material properties, the measured values were also compared with the values ​​reported by the manufacturers.The composite samples were exposed to accelerated weathering in a xenon weathering chamber for 500 hours. The color change was estimated by spectrophotometer method. The weathering resulted in no significant color fading of the composites. After weathering, the general trend was a minor decrease in impact strength. Also the water absorption and thickness swelling of commercial WPC products remained on a low level.
The Effects of Cationic Type Ionic Liquids on Methane Hydrate Formation
Authors: Lu Cui Ying
Published: October 2014

The article has studied the effects of ionic liquids on the induction time of methane hydrate formation under different mass concentrations, temperatures and pressures. The results show: all the tested ionic liquids can postpone the induction time of hydrate forming. Among them, imimidazolium-based ones have the strongest ability; The concentrations of ionic liquids also have strong effects on the induction time, and 0.5% is optimal. In addition the inhibiting abilities of ionic liquid on the induction time change with different pressures and temperatures, but not obviously.
Effect of Urban Domestic Wastes on Refractory for Cement Rotary Kiln
Authors: Wang Jun Tao , Chen Song Lin , Dong Xiao Yu , Liu Chen , Xu Ru Lin , Zhou Yan Dun
Published: October 2014

The experiment proved the effect of burning urban domestic wastes on alkali-resistant bricks and spalling-resistant high alumina bricks by the Static crucible method. The result indicates that the main erosion mechanism is slag permeable and slag erosion. Burning the waste will emit high temperature gases containing alkali, sulfur and chlorine, and the gases react with refractory materials contribute to the formation of sulfate, chloride and compound salt, which deteriorate and invalid refractory gradually. Through SEM, it is observed that the loose structure of metamorphic layers and easily spalled during thermal stress.
Study on the Fire Retardant Treatment Technologies of Bamboo Particleboard
Authors: Du Chun Gui , Song Jian Gang
Published: October 2014

This paper presents a study on the different fire retardant treatment technologies influence on the physical and mechanical properties of bamboo particleboard. The results showed: the properties of bamboo particleboard would change with changing of fire retardant treatment technology; among them the treated technology of fire retardant spraying after resin blending had larger changed; compared with non-fire retardant bamboo particleboard, the density and moisture content (MC) and 2h thickness swell (2h TS) of fire retardant bamboo particleboard had a little improved, and their internal bond (IB) and modulus of rupture (MOR) and modulus of elasticity (MOE) had slightly reduced.
Effect of Microstructure of Graphene Oxide Fabricated Composite Membranes on Alcohol Dehydration
Authors: Hung Wei Song , Lee Kueir Rarn , Lai Juin Yih
Published: October 2014

We utilized pressure-, vacuum-, and evaporation-assisted self-assembly techniques through which graphene oxide (GO) was deposited on modified polyacrylonitrile (mPAN). The fabricated composite GO/mPAN membranes were applied to dehydrate 1-butanol mixtures by pervaporation. Varying driving forces in the self-assembly techniques induced different GO assembly layer microstructures. XRD results indicated that the GO layer d-spacing varied from 8.3 Å to 11.5 Å. The self-assembly technique with evaporation resulted in a heterogeneous GO layer with loop structures; this layer was shown to be hydrophobic, in contrast to the hydrophilic layer formed from the other two techniques. From the pressure-assisted technique, the composite membrane exhibited exceptional pervaporation performance at 30 °C: concentration of water at the permeate side = 99.6 wt% and permeation flux = 2.54 kg m-2 h-1. This excellent separation performance stemmed from the dense, highly ordered laminate structure of GO.
The Synthesis from α-SiO2 and Graphite System to Coesite under High Temperature High Pressure
Authors: Wang De Jun , Liu Run Ru , Jing Leng , Bai Xin Yu
Published: October 2014

Taking α-quartz of different mass ratio mixed with graphite powder mixture as the initial materials, using the method of combining high-energy mechanical milling with high pressure and high temperature , this work inspected the influences of carbon content on the synthesis conditions of coesite. The experimental products were measured by XRD, TEM, and Raman. The results showed that the existence of carbon can obviously inhibit the formation of coesite, and the higher carbon content of initial materials the higher pressure on forming coesite is needed.
Methane Generation via Two-Phase Anaerobic Digestion of Organic Fraction of Municipal Solid Wastes
Authors: Baynosa Marjorie , Bondoc Gladys Anne , Miguel Sanchez Leandro Angelo , Rollon Analiza
Published: October 2014

The performance of a small-scale two-phase anaerobic digestion system which processes municipal solid wastes, i.e. vegetable and fruit wastes, was evaluated at mesophilic conditions. An anaerobic digester which required 5 L of fresh cow manure, 5 L of solid waste feed, 5 L each of leachate from the solid waste, and 1 L of anaerobic seeding had been constructed. The volume of the feed solids after digestion has significantly reduced after the operation. The total accumulated methane for a solids retention time (SRT) of 20 days contained useful heat energy amounting to 330.27 KJ.
Role of Postradiation Genome Instability in Evaluating the Development of Radiation-Determined Pathology in Children after the Chernobyl Accidentand Investigation Perspectives
Authors: Sipyagina Alla E. , Baleva Larisa S. , Karakhan Nataliya M. , Sukhorukov Vladimir S. , Tagirova Milyausha K.
Published: October 2014

The role of genetic instability (inferred from cytogenetic parameters of chromosome aberrations) and nuclear DNA repair activity play in radiation-determined diseases (neoplasms, including malignancies; congenital disorders and malformations; and chromosomal disorders) is considered in children from regions varying in extent of soil contamination with cesium-137 after the Chernobyl Accident.
Physiological and Biochemical Responses of Miscanthus sacchariflorus to Salt Stress
Authors: Hong Chun Tao , Guo Hai Peng , Fang Jia , Ren Wei , Wang Teng Fei , Ji Meng Cheng , Zheng Bing Song
Published: October 2014

Miscanthus
sacchariflorus is a typical perennial giant grass of East Asia as a biofuel feedstock. However, the mechanism of its salt tolerance is not well understood. In this study, chlorophyll a, b and total chlorophyll content, soluble protein content, MDA, proline content, POD, SOD, and CAT of M. sacchariflorus under salt stress were investigated with five NaCl concentrations ranging from 0 to 180 mmol.l-1. The results showed that the chlorophyll content decreased with increasing NaCl stresses, whereas soluble protein content, MDA, proline content, POD, SOD and CAT increased with increasing NaCl stresses. Low salt stress (30 and 60 mmol.l-1 NaCl) had almost no effect when comparing with the control under early stage (before 14 days) of salt stress treatment. However, treatment with high salt stress (90 and 180 mmol.l-1 NaCl) promoted MDA, proline, and antioxidant enzymes increasing markedly.
Synthesis and Magnetic Properties of FeTiO3 Nanoparticles
Authors: Srinivas P. , Sendil Kumar A. , Reddy V.R. , Bhatnagar Anil Kumar
Published: October 2014

This paper reports the synthesis and magnetic properties of single phase FeTiO3 nanoparticles. Ilmenite nanoparticles are prepared through coprecipitation method. As prepared powder is amorphous in nature. When annealed inair and inert atmosphere, we get almost single phase pure crystalline FeTiO3. Our results show that FeTiO3 in nanocrystalline form behaves like a weak ferromagnet below ~50 K while it is known that ilmenite is an antiferromagnet below ~55 K.
Effect of Curcumin on Diabetes in an Alloxan Mice Model
Authors: Miao Ming San , Tian Shuo , Guo Lin
Published: October 2014

Objective: Research on the effect of Curcumin on diabetes in an alloxan mice model. Methods: The positive control group was given Diamicron suspension; High, medium and low treatment groups were given different doses of curcumin solution; Blank group and model group are given the same volume of saline. When the tenth, twentieth, thirtieth day of the administration, measured the blood glucose (BG) of the mice, after the last administration, observed pathological changes of the pancreas under light microscope. Results: Compared with normal control group, the model group level of BG were significantly higher in 10 days,20days,30days and the emergence of pancreatic lesions. Curcumin treatment groups were significantly reduced these abnormalities (P<0.05,P<0.01).Conclusion:Curcumin can reduce the lever of BG at the early diabetic mice and improved the pancreatic lesions caused by diabetes.
Physiological and Biochemical Changes of Cherry Rootstocks under Salt Stresses in Greenhouse Environment
Authors: Liang Fa Hui , Yang Jing Hui , Liu Yan Jun , Shi Yan Yu , Wu Chun Xia , Xu Hui Jie
Published: October 2014

In order to provide a theoretical basis for the development of the sweet cherry under the greenhouse environment in Tianjin area, the black cherry and the Sichuan cherry planted in greenhouses in north China were used to study the physiological and biochemical index under the different salt stress treatments (0, 0.2%, 0.4% and 0.6% ).The result showed that MDA content of Cerasus szechuanica was higher under salt stress; SOD activity of Cerasus szechuanica was almost the same to Cerasus maximowiczii (except under 0.6%Nacl); POD activity of Cerasus maximowiczii was higher under 0.4-0.6%Nacl concentration but lower under 0-0.2%; PRO content of Cerasus maximowiczii was higher under each salt stress but chlorophyll b content of Cerasus maximowiczii was lower under each salt stress.
Effect of Curcumin on the Level of Blood Lipid and Blood Glucose in Diabetic Rat Model
Authors: Miao Ming San , Guo Lin , Tian Shuo , Wang Tan
Published: October 2014

Objective: To investigate the effects of curcumin on blood lipid and blood glucose levels and its mechanism in diabetic rat model. Method: After streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetic rat model, large, medium and small doses of curcumin group were partly given curcumin solution 400,200,100mg·kg-1, administered once a day, continuously 30 days. In 30 th day, determine blood glucose (BG) value, after the last injection , determine the serum total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels. Results: Compared with the model group rats, each dose of curcumin group rats’ BG, TC, TG and LDL-C levels were significantly decreased, HDL-C levels was increased significantly. Conclusion: Curcumin has a certain impact on blood lipids and blood glucose in diabetic rat model.
Preparation of Nanometer Chitosan - RNA Composite and the Role in Induced Type I Interferon
Authors: Zhao Li Hui , Zhao He Nan , Han De Ming
Published: October 2014

This paper used double step compounding chitosan nanoparticles as carrier, took the virus's outer membrane NS1 shRNA delivery to cells,and simultaneous detection and characterization of chitosan-RNA Nanocomposites.The experiment results show that properties of chitosan-RNA nanocomposite is stable, using chitosan-RNA Nanocomposites as carrier carry shRNA transfecting B16-Blue INF-alpha/beta cells, shRNA can’t degradation by nuclear enzyme, improve cell absorbing and shRNA intracellular release.Experiments further confirmed that the chitosan - RNA Nanocomposites into the cell, NS1 shRNA is identified by RIG-I gene, induces gene expression of interferon, produces interferonItype, offers a new way for the application of new type of flu vaccine.
Experimental Studies on the Salt Expansion Law of Gravel Sulfate Saline Soil under the Five Factors of Salt Expansion
Authors: Zhang Sha Sha , Dai Zhi Ren
Published: October 2014

In order to learn gravel sulfate saline soil can be used as roadbed filler, the salt expansion law of gravel sulfate saline soil was experimental studied. In high and low temperature testing device, large salt expansion tests were carried under the change of temperature, salt content, initial density, water and overlying load. The tests were based on the soluble salt content preparation method of screening method of 5mm. It was shown that the salt expansion volume increased with the cooling rate slowed down. The sensitive temperature range of gravel sulfate saline soil was during-5°C—-10°C. The allowable salt content of gravel sulfate saline soil was around 2%, when the gravel sulfate saline soil was used as roadbed filling.
Prediction of Low Flow Years in the Upstream of Zhang River Based on Improved Gray Model
Authors: Shao Ling Ling , Niu Wen Juan , Tang Fan , Lin Chao
Published: October 2014

A reasonable prediction of low flow years in a region in the future so as to make deployment in advance is related to the stability of the region. This paper established conventional GM (1,1) model and improved GM (1,1) model based on grey system theory to predict low flow years in the upstream of Zhang River which has gray characteristics so as to avoid risks, improve spatial and temporal allocation of water resources and promote sustainable development of the basin. The research shows that improved GM (1,1) model which can improve the smoothness of the original data series provides a more accurate prediction than conventional GM (1,1) model by using the example of Zhuozhang River tributary in the Upstream of Zhang River.
Effect of 2, 4-D on Adsorption of Copper onto the Black Soil
Authors: Yang Li Jiao , Zhang Feng Jie , Shao Quan Sen , Wu Yun Na , Dong Yu Ying
Published: October 2014

Batch equilibrium adsorption was conducted to study the adsorption of copper in the black soil and the effect of 2, 4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2, 4-D) on adsorption of copper was probed by soils. The results showed all of the adsorption isotherms of copper in the absence and presence of 2,4-D could be described by Freundlich equation (R2>0.99), the adsorption coefficients Kf increased with increasing concentration of 2,4-D.The In kinetic modeling, the pseudo-first order equation was considered as the most celebrated model. The pseudo-second order equation in copper was depressed in the presence of 2, 4-D. 2,4-D diminished the adsorption of copper on the black soil.
Impact Assessment of the Sulfide Oxidation Processes Occurring in the Tailing Dumps of Komsomolsky District on the Hydrosphere in a Wide Temperature Range
Authors: Zvereva Valentina , Frolov Konstantin , Kostina Alyona
Published: October 2014

The article describes the modeling results of drainage water in the tailing dumps of Komsomolsky tin ore district in the temperature range from-10 to +45 °C. Eh-pH parameters of technogenic mineral systems for different ratios of host rock - sulfides (95:5, 90:10, 80:20 and 60:40) in the tailings were determined. The process of hypergene mineral crystallization from micropore solutions was researched, its qualitative and quantitative ion composition was established and its impact on surface and ground water of the district was showed.
Predicting Forest Fire Hazards Using Data Mining Techniques: Decision Tree and Neural Networks
Authors: Hamadeh Nizar , Karouni Ali , Daya Bassam
Published: October 2014

Lebanon is known as a tourist destination for its scenic green mountains but the fires have been threatening this green forestry all over the world. The consequences of forest fires are disastrous on the natural environment and ecological systems, not to mention the population, by worsening poverty and lowering the quality of life. Two data mining techniques are used for the purpose of prediction and decision-making: Decision trees and back propagation forward neural networks. Four meteorological attributes are utilized: temperature, relative humidity, wind speed and daily precipitation. The obtained tree drawn from applying the first algorithm could classify these attributes from the most significant to the least significant and better foretell fire incidences. Adopting neural networks with different training algorithms shows that networks with 2 inputs only (temperature and relative humidity) retrieve better results than 4-inputs networks with less mean squared error. Feed forward and Cascade forward networks are under scope, with the use of different training algorithms.
Using Anthropogenic Hydrocarbon Stock to Capture nanoCarbon
Authors: Petters Stefan , Mauthner Klaus , Tse Kalvin
Published: October 2014

This paper summarizes our past achievements in thermo management material solutions’ development, recently venturing into Capture of atmospheric Carbon for Re-Use applications. Climate Change is closely related to the CO2 stock in atmosphere, nowadays at 550Gt. To stay within the +2°C scenario this atmospheric stock should never go beyond 800Gt[1]. Therefore opportunities to Re-Use atmospheric Carbon stock in substitution of imported fossil Carbon from earlier ages should be explored. Hydrogen-Carbon Synthesis based materials can offer a great opportunity to achieve Carbon offsets > 100% of the feedstock’s Carbon content if transformation efficiencies are favorable. Therefore shifting from mined to Captured Carbon resources could offer one of the greatest economic opportunities to mitigate Climate Change.
Modified PCA for Water Use Efficiency Research
Authors: Jia Ren Fu , Wei Jun , Jin Hai
Published: October 2014

In order to analyze the water use efficiency of Jiangsu by the method of quantitive research, this article takes the water use amount per ten thousand Yuan GDP as object of study, and discusses the influencing factors of water use efficiency to give the suggestion of policy , regular and control. Theory analysis and expects consulting have been used to get 21 potential influencing factors. Then we get the regression equation which contains water use amount per ten thousand Yuan GDP as the dependent variable, and 21 mentioned factors as independent variables through introducing collected factors’ dates in the period of 1997~2010 into the stepwise regression which is on the basis of principal component analysis. As a result, the major four factors have been got: irrigation area per capita, Industry polluted water standard drainage, education cost, proportion the output value of tertiary industry accounting for of GDP. And this research works for the water use efficiency red line investigation in the future.