bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Enhanced Production of Pinosylvin Stilbene with Aging of Pinus strobus Callus and Nematicidal Activity of Callus Extracts against Pinewood Nematodes
Authors: Koo Hyo Bin , Hwang Hwan-Su , Han Jung Yeon , Cheong Eun Ju , Kwon Yong-Soo , Choi Yong Eui
Published: September 2021

Pinosylvin stilbenes are phenolic compounds mainly occurring in the Pinaceae family. We previously reported that the accumulation of two pinosylvin stilbene compounds, dihydropinosylvin methyl ether (DPME) and pinosylvin monomethyl ether (PME), in Pinus strobus trees was highly enhanced by infection with pine wood nematodes (PWNs: Bursaphelenchus xylophilus), and these two compounds showed strong nematicidal activity against PWNs. In this work, we established a system of pinosylvin stilbene (DPME and PME) production via the in vitro culture of P. strobus calli, and we examined the nematicidal activity of callus extracts. Calli were induced from the culture of mature zygotic embryos of P. strobus. Optimized growth of calli was obtained in 1/2 Litvay medium with 1.0 mg/L 2,4-D and 0.5 mg/L BA. DPME and PME accumulation did not occur in nonaged (one-month-old) calli but increased greatly with prolonged callus culture. The concentrations of DPME and PME in three-month-old dark-brown calli were 6.4 mg/g DW and 0.28 mg/g DW, respectively. A test solution prepared from crude ethanol extracts from aged calli (three months old) containing 120 µg/ml DPME and 5.16 µg/ml PME treated with PWNs resulted in 100% immobilization of the adult PWNs and 66.7% immobilization of the juvenile PWNs within 24 hr. However, nonaged callus extracts did not show any nematicidal activity against juvenile PWNs and showed less than 20% nematicidal activity against adult PWNs. These results indicate that pinosylvin stilbenes can be effectively produced by prolonged culture of P. strobus calli, can be isolated using simple ethanolic extraction, and are applicable as beneficial eco-friendly compounds with nematicidal activity against PWNs.
Insomnia subtypes characterised by objective sleep duration and NREM spectral power and the effect of acute sleep restriction: an exploratory analysis
Authors: Kao Chien-Hui , D'Rozario Angela L. , Lovato Nicole , Wassing Rick , Bartlett Delwyn , Memarian Negar , Espinel Paola , Kim Jong-Won , Grunstein Ronald R. , Gordon Christopher J.
Published: September 2021

Insomnia disorder (ID) is a heterogeneous disorder with proposed subtypes based on objective sleep duration. We speculated that insomnia subtyping with additional power spectral analysis and measurement of response to acute sleep restriction may be informative in overall assessment of ID. To explore alternative classifications of ID subtypes, insomnia patients (n = 99) underwent two consecutive overnight sleep studies: (i) habitual sleep opportunity (polysomnography, PSG) and, (ii) two hours less sleep opportunity (electroencephalography, EEG), with the first night compared to healthy controls (n = 25). ID subtypes were derived from data-driven classification of PSG, EEG spectral power and interhemispheric EEG asymmetry index. Three insomnia subtypes with different sleep duration and NREM spectral power were identified. One subtype (n = 26) had shorter sleep duration and lower NREM delta power than healthy controls (short-sleep delta-deficient; SSDD), the second subtype (n = 51) had normal sleep duration but lower NREM delta power than healthy controls (normal-sleep delta-deficient; NSDD) and a third subtype showed (n = 22) no difference in sleep duration or delta power from healthy controls (normal neurophysiological sleep; NNS). Acute sleep restriction improved multiple objective sleep measures across all insomnia subtypes including increased delta power in SSDD and NSDD, and improvements in subjective sleep quality for SSDD (p = 0.03), with a trend observed for NSDD (p = 0.057). These exploratory results suggest evidence of novel neurophysiological insomnia subtypes that may inform sleep state misperception in ID and with further research, may provide pathways for personalised care.
Comprehensive molecular-genetic analysis of mid-frequency sensorineural hearing loss
Authors: Pavlenkova Zuzana , Varga Lukas , Borecka Silvia , Karhanek Miloslav , Huckova Miroslava , Skopkova Martina , Profant Milan , Gasperikova Daniela
Published: September 2021

The genetic heterogeneity of sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) is a major hurdle to the detection of disease-causing variants. We aimed to identify underlying causal genes associated with mid-frequency hearing loss (HL), which contributes to less than about 1% of SNHL cases, by whole exome sequencing (WES). Thirty families segregating mid-frequency SNHL, in whom biallelic GJB2 mutations had been previously excluded, were selected from among 851 families in our DNA repository of SNHL. DNA samples from the probands were subjected to WES analysis and searched for candidate variants associated with SNHL. We were able to identify the genetic aetiology in six probands (20%). In total, we found three pathogenic and three likely pathogenic variants in four genes COL4A5, OTOGL, TECTA, TMPRSS3). One proband was a compound heterozygote for a pathogenic variant and a variant of uncertain significance (VUS) in MYO15A gene. To date, MYO15A and TMPRSS3 have not yet been described in association with mid-frequency SNHL. In eight additional probands, eight candidate VUS variants were detected in five genes (DIAPH1, MYO7A, TECTA, TMC1, TSPEAR). Seven of these 16 variants have not yet been published or mentioned in the available databases. The most prevalent gene was TECTA, identified in 23% of all tested families. Furthermore, we confirmed the hypothesis that a substantive portion of cases with this conspicuous audiogram shape is a consequence of a genetic disorder.
Endothelial cells induce proliferation and bone morphogenic protein mediated differentiation of PDGFRα+ human oligodendrocyte precursor cells to astrocytes in trans-well co-culture
Authors: Dasgupta Asmita
Published: September 2021

Background
CD140a /PDGFRα + human oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) are a lineage of OPCs with proven potential for use in cell therapy against demyelinating diseases. However, little is known about the contribution of human endothelial cells in the biology of PDGFRα + human OPCs in the stem cell niche.
Methods
Transwell co-culture technique with human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) was adopted under proliferative or differentiating conditions to understand the role of endothelial cells in these processes within OPCs. Proliferation was followed by measuring OPC sphere size, count, sphere dissociation followed by cell count and 3H-methyl thymidine incorporation. Differentiation was followed by immunocytochemistry. Taqman gene expression assay for selective soluble factors was performed for the two co-culture partner cells to determine the expression of these factors on the biology of the OPCs in presence of the endothelial cells.
Results
In co-culture with HUVECs, under proliferative conditions, OPCs show increased proliferation and sphere formation. In contrast, under differentiating conditions, OPCs show increased differentiation to astrocytes, with a concomitant decrease in differentiation to oligodendrocytes, compared to no co-culture controls. Transcript assay for selected humoral factors in the OPCs and HUVECs revealed bone morphogenic proteins (BMPs), endothelin1, growth arrest specific 6 (GAS6), and interleukin 6 (IL6) to be in higher abundance in HUVECs than OPCs. Whereas the OPCs show higher expression for pleiotrophin (PTN), fibroblast growth factor 9 (FGF9), ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF), and leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) compared to the endothelial cells. Among the transcripts analyzed, BMP4 transcripts were the highest in relative abundance in the endothelial cells indicating possibilities of BMPs being the critical mediator of endothelial cell-mediated effects. In agreement to this, Noggin effectively attenuated HUVEC mediated astrocytic differentiation of CD140a /PDGFRα + fetal human OPCs.
Conclusion
Based on the above results, the study concludes that human endothelial cells can significantly alter the biology of PDGFαR + fetal human OPCs mediated by humoral factors to induce increased proliferation and BMP mediated astrocytic differentiation. It can be secondarily inferred from these conclusions that using pharmacological inhibitors of BMP signaling along with the PDGFRα + fetal OPC transplantation may make these cells more effective in remyelination therapy.
Wnt Pathway Activation by Placental Mesenchymal Stem Cells Promotes Hepatic Regeneration in a Cirrhotic Rat Model
Authors: Choi Jong Ho , Jun Ji Hye , Kim Gi Dae , Jho Eek-hoon , Baik Soon Koo , Bae Si Hyun , Kim Gi Jin
Published: September 2021

Background: Sinusoidal endothelial cells (SECs) in liver play important roles in hepatocyte regeneration. We recently reported placenta-derived mesenchymal stem cells (PD-MSCs) can promote hepatic regeneration in a damaged liver model via dynamic events. However, the effects of PD-MSCs on vascular structure in liver tissues remain unknown. We therefore investigated alteration of vascular structure and function in carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-injured rat model following transplantation (Tx) with PD-MSCs. Methods: PD-MSCs were engrafted into CCl4-injured rat model via intravenous Tx. Expression markers related to angiogenic factors and Wnt signaling pathway were analyzed by quantitative real time-PCR, Western blot, and immunofluorescence in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, endothelial permeability assay was performed to confirm the effect of PD-MSCs on the functional regeneration of injured endothelial cells in vitro co-culture system.Results: PD-MSCs were found to significantly reduce the expanded hepatic vein diameter and increased tube formation of the aorta in both in vitro and ex vivo co-culture systems. PD-MSCs also increased the expression of angiogenic factors and activated the Wnt signaling pathway. Furthermore, PD-MSCs reduced endothelial permeability via activation of β-catenin in the in vitro co-culture system. Conclusions: Taken together, PD-MSCs transplantation (PD-MSC Tx) improves the structure and function of SECs by activating Wnt signaling, which triggers hepatic regeneration, in a CCl4-injured rat model. Therefore, these findings suggest that vascular restoration induced by PD-MSCs supports liver regeneration in a hepatic failure model and can be applied as a cell-based therapy.
Effectiveness of kinesio taping on functional outcomes in patellofemoral pain syndrome patients with abnormal patellar tracking
Authors: Lee Jin Hyuck , Shin Ki Hun , Jang Ki-Mo
Published: September 2021

This study aimed to compare quadriceps strength, muscle reaction time, and patient-reported outcomes in PFPS patients with abnormal patellar tracking with and without kinesio taping. Twenty patients with PFPS who applied kinesio taping and 19 who did not were included. Muscle strength and reaction time (acceleration time; AT) were evaluated using an isokinetic device. Patient-reported outcomes were measured using the visual analog scale (VAS) and Kujala anterior knee pain scale (AKPS). Conservative therapeutic exercises were performed in both groups. In each group, all parameters (quadriceps strength: p < 0.001, quadriceps AT: p < 0.001, patient-reported outcomes, including VAS: p < 0.001, AKPS: p < 0.001 for taping group; quadriceps strength: p < 0.001, quadriceps AT: p < 0.001, patient-reported outcomes, including VAS: p < 0.001, AKPS: p < 0.001 for non-taping group), improved after intervention in the symptomatic knees. However, there were no significant differences in quadriceps strength and AT, and patient-reported outcomes in the symptomatic knees between the groups with and without kinesio taping (all p > 0.05). In patients with PFPS with abnormal patellar tracking, the present study shows that kinesio taping seems to be ineffective for quadriceps strength and muscle reaction time, and patient-reported outcomes. Further studies are needed to clarify the effects of kinesio taping without conservative therapeutic exercise in PFPS patients with abnormal patellar tracking.
Downregulation of KIF21B by miR-132-3p suppresses cellular functions in gastric cancer via regulating Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway
Authors: Liu Bingtian , Qiang Ling , Guan Bingxin , Ji Zhipeng
Published: September 2021

Recently, kinesin family member 21B (KIF21B) has been reported to be an oncogene in non-small cell lung cancer and hepatocellular carcinoma. However, the functional role and related mechanisms underlying gastric cancer (GC) pathogenesis remain largely uncovered. Here, we first found that the expression of KIF21B was upregulated in GC tissues compared with adjunct normal tissues by analysis of Oncomine microarray gene expression datasets and clinical specimens. Knockdown of KIF21B significantly suppressed the proliferation, migration and invasion in GC cell lines using CCK-8 assay and transwell assay. By luciferase reporter assay, KIF21B was confirmed as the target of miR-132-3p in GC cells and suppressed after miR-132-3p overexpression. Moreover, miR-132-3p was down-regulated and inversely correlated with KIF21B expression in GC tissues. Further functional experiments demonstrated that overexpression of KIF21B remarkedly reversed the suppressive effects of miR-132-3p overexpression on GC cell proliferation, migration and invasion. Furthermore, western blot analysis manifested that miR-132-3p overexpression downregulated the protein levels of Wnt1, c-Myc, β-catenin, PCNA and N-cadherin, and upregulated E-cadherin expression in GC cells, which were all alleviated after KIF21B overexpression. In summary, our findings provide the first evidence that down-regulation of KIF21B by miR-132-3p suppresses cellular functions in gastric cancer via regulating Wnt/β-catenin signaling.
An Ignored Pitfall in Selecting Reference Genes and the Solution with Emphasis on Subtypes and Sex of Thyroid Cancer Patients
Authors: Esfandiarpour Ghazal , Mokhtari Mohammad , Javadirad seyed-Morteza , Kolahdouzan Mohsen , Almuslimawi Ahmed
Published: September 2021

Routine tissue specific reference genes are widely used in transcriptomics studies without concerning their target genes, sex of patients, and diseases subtype. We proposed the concept of specific reference genes for each target gene after considering sex of patients and thyroid cancer subtypes. RT-qPCR technique was coupled with expression meta-analysis of samples with different races and ethnicities, in both sexes, and in different thyroid cancer subtypes. Eight common reference genes were evaluated and some of them undoubtedly ruled out. We found that mean and SD values of the genes must be considered carefully before the selection of reference genes. A formula was also developed accordingly and we equipped it with statistical analysis of more than 25000 genes. In conclusion, the reckless selection of reference genes can distort the output and must be prohibited.
Association Between Surrogate Index of Insulin Resistance and Coronary Collateral Circulation in Patients with Coronary Chronic Total Occlusion Lesions
Authors: Liu Jinxing , Hu Chengping , Liu Yan , Zhu Yong , Han Hongya , Zhou Yujie , Zhao Yingxin
Published: September 2021

Background: Recent studies have substantiated the role of triglyceride glucose index (TyG index) in the prognosis of coronary artery disease (CAD) patients while no relevant studies revealed the association between TyG index and coronary collateral circulation (CCC) in the event of coronary chronic total occlusion (CTO). Our study intends to explore whether or to what extent TyG index is associated with less developed CCC in CAD patients with CTO lesions.Methods: The study enrolled 1093 ACS patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for at least one CTO lesion. Relevant data was collected from Beijing Anzhen Hospital record system. The degree of collaterals was determined according to Rentrop classification system. The correlation between TyG index and coronary collateralization was assessed.Results: Overall, 318 patients were divided into poor CCC group. TyG index was significantly higher in patients with poor CCC (9.3±0.65 vs. 8.8±0.53, P＜0.001). After adjusting for various confounding factors, TyG index remained to be correlated with the occurrence of poor CCC, with an ORs (95% CIs) of 1.59 (1.07-2.36) in T2 group and 5.72 (3.83-8.54) in T3 group compared with the first tertile. Besides, subgroup analysis showed that higher TyG index values remained to be strongly associated with increased risks of poor CCC. Lastly, to compare the risk assessment efficacy for the formation of CCC between TyG index and glycosylated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) and another insulin resistance (IR) surrogate marker triglyceride-to-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio, area under the receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) was obtained, a significant improvement on the risk assessment performance for the poor CCC emerged when adding TyG index into a baseline model [AUC, 0.629 for baseline model vs. 0.724 for baseline model + TyG index vs. 0.638 for baseline model +HbA1c vs. 0.721 for baseline model +TG/HDL-C, P<0.001; net reclassification improvement (NRI) for TyG index, 0.238, P＜0.001; integrated discrimination improvement (IDI) for TyG index, 0.103, P＜0.001].Conclusions: The TyG index is strongly associated with the occurrence of poor CCC in CAD patients with CTO lesions and its risk assessment performance is better than HbA1c and TG-to-HDL-C ratio.
The Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Oncological Disease Extent at Staging FDG PET/CT: the ONCOVIPET Study.
Authors: Caldarella Carmelo , Cocciolillo Fabrizio , Taralli Silvia , Lorusso Margherita , Scolozzi Valentina , Pizzuto Daniele Antonio , Calcagni Maria Lucia , Rufini Vittoria , Guido Davide , Palluzzi Fernando , Giacò Luciano , Giordano Alessandro , Leccisotti Lucia
Published: September 2021

Purpose: To investigate whether the COVID-19 pandemic and national lockdown had an impact on the extent of cancer disease at staging using FDG PET/CT as surrogate marker.Methods: Retrospective observational study including cancer patients submitted to FDG PET/CT for staging purposes from June 1 to October 31, 2020, and June 1 to October 31, 2021, respectively. Data regarding primary tumour, nodal (N) status and number of involved nodal stations, presence and number of distant metastases (M) were collected. Each scan was classified in limited vs advanced status. Data were aggregated across the study population and tumour type. Bi-weekly frequencies of the observed events were analysed. Results: 611 patients were included in the study (240 in 2019 vs. 371 in 2020, respectively). A significant increase in the rate of advanced disease patients in 2020 compared to 2019 was found (rate 1.56, p<0.001) as well as in the rate of N+ or M+ patients (rate 1.84 and 2.09 respectively, p<0.001) and in the rate of patients with a greater number of involved N stations or M (rate 2.01 and 2.06 respectively, p<0.001). Analysis by tumour type showed a significant increase of advanced disease, N+ or M+ status and number of involved N stations or M in lung cancer and lymphoma in 2020 compared with 2019 (p<0.003). Advanced disease rate resulted also significantly increased in gynaecologic cancer and N rate was significantly increased in gastro-intestinal cancer (p<0.05). Conclusion: The rate of cancer patients with advanced disease at staging FDG PET/CT increased by 1.5-fold in 2020, following the national lockdown due to the COVID-19 pandemic, compared to 2019 with a significant increase of patients with N involvement or M. Targeted health interventions are needed to mitigate the effects of the pandemic on patient outcome.
Trophic And Immunomodulatory Effects of Adipose Tissue-Derived Stem Cells In A Preclinical Murine Model of Endometriosis
Authors: Hirakawa Toyofumi , Yotsumoto Fusanori , Shirasu Naoto , Kiyoshima Chihiro , Urushiyama Daichi , Yoshikawa Kenichi , Miyata Kohei , Kurakazu Masamitsu , Koga Kaori Azuma , Aoki Mikiko , Nabeshima Kazuki , Osuga Yutaka , Komatsu Hiroaki , Taniguchi Fuminori , Harada Tasuku , Yasunaga Shin’ichiro , Miyamoto Shingo , Koga Kaori S
Published: September 2021

Endometriosis, which exhibits enigmatic pathological features such as stromal fibrosis and proliferation of ectopic epithelial cells, is known as a refractory disease. Mesenchymal stem cells modulate the fibrosis in stromal tissues through their trophic and immunomodulatory properties. To investigate the potential of stem cells in treating endometriosis, we examined the secondary morphology and molecular alterations in endometriosis-like lesions after the administration of adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ASCs) to an experimental murine model of endometriosis. The infused ASCs were found integrated in the endometriosis-like lesions. Accompanied by the suppression of stromal fibrosis and proliferation of endometriotic epithelial cells, the infusion of ASCs with stemness potential suppressed the growth of endometriosis-like lesions and inhibited the expression of pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrotic cytokines, whereas no significant attenuation of endometriosis-like lesions occurred after the infusion of ASCs without stemness potential. Accordingly, it is plausible that the trophic and immunomodulatory properties of ASCs may regulate fibrosis in endometriosis-like lesions, suggesting that regenerative medicine has strong potential as an innovative treatment for patients with endometriosis.
Methionine Aminopeptidase 2 as a Potential Target in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Steinberg Eliana , Esa Rawnaq , Schwob Ouri , Stern Tali , Orehov Natalie , Zamir Gideon , Hubert Ayala , Panigrahy Dipak , Benny Ofra
Published: September 2021

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) is an aggressive metastatic cancer with a very low survival rate. This tumor is hypovascularized and characterized by hypoxic regions, yet they are not impeded by the oxidative stress in their microenvironment. PDA’s high resilience raises the need to find new effective therapeutic targets. This study investigated methionine aminopeptidase 2 (MetAp2) — a metallopeptidase known to play an important role in tumor progression — as a potential target for treating PDA by blocking its activity. Immunohistology of patient-derived PDA tissue sections revealed high expression of MetAp2 in metastatic regions compared with primary sites. Pancreatic cancer cells (cell lines and patient derived) exhibited high expression levels of MetAp2 and significant inhibition of proliferation upon exposure to a selective MetAp2 inhibitor. The growth of Orthoptic pancreatic PancOH7 tumors in mice was significantly suppressed when MetAp2 inhibitor was administered orally. Our finding revealed that the inhibition of MetAp2 in cells was associated with a significant reduction in glutathione (GSH) levels, a substance known for its role in alleviating oxidative stress, which suggests a possible rationale for the anti-cancer activity in highly hypoxic tumors such as PDA. Taken together, our results indicate that MetAp2 can be a studied as a target in PDA and possibly in other tumors with high expression levels of MetAp2 which are not necessarily highly angiogenic tumors.
Systemic COVID-19 vaccination also enhances the humoral immune response after SARS CoV-2 infection. An approach to criteria for COVID-19 re-immunization is needed. Do we need a third dose?
Authors: Kosiorek Piotr , Kazberuk Dorota , Hryniewicz Anna , Milewski Robert , Stróż Samuel , Stasiak-Barmuta Anna
Published: September 2021

Systemic vaccination of the BNT162b2 mRNA stimulates humoral response. The aim of our study was to compare the intensity of humoral immune response, measured by SARS CoV-2 IgG, SARS CoV-2 IgM, and neutralization S-RBD IgG antibodies level, post COVID-19 vaccination versus post SARS COV-2 infection. We analysed 1060 people in the following groups: convalescents, healthy vaccinated, vaccinated with COMIRNATY, AstraZeneca, Moderna, Johnson&Johnson and vaccinated SARS CoV-2 convalescents. A concentration of SARS CoV-2 IgG, SARS CoV-2 IgM, and neutralizing S-RBD IgG was estimated in Bialystok Oncology Center laboratory by chemiluminescent immunoassay- CLIA, MAGLUMI. Results: 1. We observed a raise of antibodies response in both, convalescent SARS CoV-2 and COVID-19 vaccinated groups 2. The level of all antibodies’ concentrations in vaccinated COVID-19 convalescents was significantly higher. 3. We differentiated an asymptomatic SARS CoV-2 convalescents from control group. Based on our analysis we suggest that it is important to monitor SARS CoV-2 antibodies concentrations as an indicator of asymptomatic COVID-19 infection, and as an equivalent of effectiveness of humoral response in convalescents and vaccinated people. Taking into consideration the time-limited nature of the effects of post infection SARS CoV-2 recovery or vaccination, among others physiological half-life, we suggested monitoring IgG antibodies level as a criterium for next vaccination.
Micropulse Laser Trabeculoplasty On Glaucoma Patients: Average 35 Months Follow-Up Results
Authors: Yang Yuting , Huang Xinting , Liao Sheng , Zhang Feng , Shi Jingming , Duan Xuanchu , Liu Ke
Published: September 2021

Background: Glaucoma is a group of eye diseases that can damage the optic nerve and cause vision loss. A novel technology micropulse laser trabecular plasty (MLT) can use duty-circle subvisible laser pulses to treat glaucoma. The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of 360° MLT to alleviate intraocular pressure (IOP) in patients with glaucoma.Methods: This was a single-center prospective study on patients treated with 360° MLT using a Diode True-Yellow 577-nm Laser with MicroPulse technology. All the patients were recruited from the Department of Ophthalmology. Follow-up visits were carried out at 1 day, 1 week, 1 month, 3 months, 6 months, 18 months, and 36 months after the procedure. Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), Intraocular pressure (IOP), and vertical cup-to-disc ratio (C/D ratio) were measured during the follow-up. Repeated-measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Kaplan–Meier analysis were performed to evaluate the outcomes.Results: A total of 39 eyes from 26 patients were included in this study (10 men/15 women). The average age of patients was 41.47±14.39 years old, and the baseline IOP was 21.13 ± 7.75 mmHg. MLT significantly reduced the IOP at 1 day (range 15.61–19.01, P=0.0218), 3 months (range 16.47–19.22, P=0.0390), and 6 months (range 15.38–18.56, P=0.0332) compared with the baseline. However, by the end of the study, only 21.88% of patients demonstrated a ≥ 20% IOP reduction, while seven eyes needed further laser or surgical treatment. Conclusions: Micropulse laser trabeculoplasty could reduce IOP in patients with glaucoma or ocular hypertension for a short period, but its lowering efficiency was limited up to 6 months of the follow-up period.
Dose tranexamic acid reduce blood loss associated with simultaneous bilateral distal tibial tubercle-high tibial osteotomy?
Authors: Wang Zhimeng , Huang Qiang , Liu Lu , Lu Yao , Zhang Congming , Ma Teng , Li Zhong , Wang Qian , Xue Hanzhong , Zhang Kun
Published: September 2021

Background
Simultaneous bilateral distal tibial tubercle high tibial osteotomy (SBDTT-HTO) can result in increased blood loss. The aim of this study is to evaluate the actual hemostatic effect of different tranexamic acid (TXA) treatment regimen in SBDTT-HTO.
Methods
We conducted a retrospective case–control study including 54 patients who underwent SBDTT-HTO. The single-dose group (n = 18) received 1 g of intravenous TXA 15–30 min before surgery, the two-dose group (n = 18) received an additional 1 g of intravenous TXA 6 h after surgery, and the multiple-dose group (n = 18) received an additional 1 g intravenous TXA per-day until discharge. Blood loss, hemoglobin levels, occurrence of any adverse events,functional analysis, quality of life, and pain assessmentswere compared among the three groups.
Results
The total blood loss, hidden blood loss, drainage volumes, and haemoglobin level in the multiple-dose group all occupy a significant advantage.(p < 0.05). In addition, faster recovery and better quality of life were observed in patients belonging to the multiple-dose group then single-dose group.(p < 0.05).
Conclusions
Based on our results, for patients undergoing SBDTT-HTO, sequential intravenous TXA administration can effectively and safely reduce blood loss without increasing the risk of thromboembolism, with the advantage of accelerating recovery.
Facilitators and Barriers To The Integration of Integrated Community Case Management Into The Health System in Zambia: A Case Study of Kapiri Mposhi District
Authors: Riri Johnson Vonje , Silumbwe Adam , Mweemba Chris , Zulu Joseph Mumba
Published: September 2021

Background

Zambia adopted the Integrated Community Case Management of childhood illness (ICCM) strategy in May 2010, targeting populations in rural communities and hard-to-reach areas. However, evidence suggests that ICCM integration into local health systems has been suboptimal, particularly at the district level. This study sought to explore factors that shape ICCM integration into the district health system in Kapiri Mposhi district, Zambia.
Methods

Data were gathered through 19 key informant interviews with district health managers, ICCM supervisors, health facility managers, and district health co-operating partners. The study was conducted in Kapiri Mposhi district, Zambia. Interviews were translated and transcribed verbatim. Data were were analyzed using thematic analysis in NVivo 11(QSR International).
Results

Facilitators to intergration of ICCM into the health system consisted of community involvement and support for the program, active community case detection and timeliness of health services, the program was not considered a significant shift from other community-based health interventions, district leadership and ownership of the program, availability of national and district-level policies supporting ICCM and engagement of international co-operating partners. Program incompatibility with some socio-cultural and religious cotexts, stock-out of prerequisite drugs and supplies, staff reshuffle and redeployment, inadequate supervision of health facilities, and nonpayment of community health worker incentives inhibited intergration of ICCM into the health system.
Conclusion

The study findings highlight key faciliators and barriers that should be considered by policy-makers, district health managers, ICCM supervisors, health facility managers, and co-operating partners, in designing context-specific implementation strategies, to ensure full integration of ICCM into the health system.
The protects of deep sea water against photoaging of HaCaT keratinocyte induced by UVB via suppression MMPs and MAPKs/NF-κB signaling pathway
Authors: Ma Xiaolei , Duan Duomo , Xie Baolong , Wang Xunliang
Published: September 2021

Ultraviolet radiation destroys skin through several harmful effects, like inducing reactive oxygen species, inflammatory response, and collagen degradation. In this study we researched the impact of deep seawater (DSW) on the photoaging of HaCaT keratinocytes induced by ultraviolet B (UVB). DSW can inhibit epidermal hyperplasia and collagen degradation, increase skin moisture and hydroxyproline content, thereby improving the macro and histopathological damage of skin under UVB irradiation. Besides, DSW can inhibit UVB-induced oxidative stress (OS), improve antioxidant enzyme activity and inhibit the cellular signal transduction pathway of inflammatory response. Results showed DSW curbed the UVB irradiated levels of reactive oxygen species, superoxide dismutase (SOD), oxidative enzyme, glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6). DSW prevented UVB-induced photoaging by suppressing collagen disorientation and expression of MMPs induced by UVB. Moreover, Western blot analyses exhibited that DSW significantly lessened the protein levels of phosphorylated SAPK/JNK kinase, phosphorylated ERK1/2 kinase, and phosphorylated p38 kinase. Similarly, UVB induced nuclear translocation of nuclear factor kappa-B were diminished by treatment of DSW. Therefore, DSW may lessen skin OS and inflammatory response under UVB irradiation. These data suggest that DSW can be used as a potentially effective skin care and dietary supplement for attenuating UVB-induced premature skin aging.
Oral susceptibility of aedine and culicine mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) to Batai orthobunyavirus
Authors: Hernandez-Triana Luis Miguel , Folly Arran , Barrero Elsa , Lumley Sarah , de Marco Maria del Mar Fernández , Sewgobind Sanam , McElhinney Lorraine M. , Fooks Anthony R. , Johnson Nicholas
Published: September 2021

Background

A number of zoonotic mosquito-borne viruses have emerged in Europe in recent decades. Batai virus (BATV), orthobunyavirus, is one example having been detected in mosquitoes and livestock. We conducted vector competency studies on three mosquito species at a low temperature to assess whether Aedes and Culex mosquito species are susceptible to infection with BATV.
Methods

Colonised lines of Aedes aegypti and Culex pipiens, and a wild-caught species, Aedes detritus, were orally inoculated with BATV strain 53.2, originally isolated from mosquitoes trapped in Germany in 2009. Groups of blood-fed female mosquitoes were maintained at 20oC for seven or fourteen days. Individual mosquitoes were screened for the presence of BATV in body, leg and saliva samples for evidence of infection, dissemination and transmission, respectively. Batai virus RNA was detected by RT-PCR and positive results confirmed by virus isolation in Vero cells.
Results

Aedes detritus was highly susceptible to BATV with infection prevalence at or above 80% at both time points. Disseminated infections were recorded in 30.7–41.6% of Ae. detritus and evidence for virus transmission with BATV detected in saliva samples (n = 1, dpi = 14) was observed. Lower rates of infection for Ae. aegypti and Cx. pipiens with no evidence for virus dissemination or transmission at either time point.
Conclusions

This study shows Ae. detritus may be a competent vector for BATV at 20oC, whereas Ae. aegypti and Cx. pipiens were not competent. Critically, the extrinsic incubation period appears to be ≤ 7 days for Ae. detritus, which may increase the onward transmissibility potential of BATV in these populations.
Targeted genome-wide SNP genotyping in feral horses using non-invasive fecal swabs
Authors: Gavriliuc Stefan , Reza Salman , Jeong Chanwoori , Getachew Fitsum , McLoughlin Philip Dunstan , Poissant Jocelyn
Published: September 2021

The development of high-throughput sequencing has prompted a transition in wildlife genetics from using microsatellites toward sets of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs). However, genotyping large numbers of targeted SNPs using non-invasive samples remains challenging due to relatively large DNA input requirements. Recently, target enrichment has emerged as a promising approach requiring little template DNA. We assessed the efficacy of Tecan Genomics’ Allegro Targeted Genotyping (ATG) for generating genome-wide SNP data in feral horses using DNA isolated from fecal swabs. Total and host-specific DNA were quantified for 989 samples collected as part of a long-term individual-based study of feral horses on Sable Island, Nova Scotia, Canada, using dsDNA fluorescence and a host-specific qPCR assay, respectively. Forty-eight samples representing 44 individuals containing at least 10ng of host DNA (ATG’s recommended minimum input) were genotyped using a custom multiplex panel targeting 279 SNPs. Genotyping accuracy and consistency were assessed by contrasting ATG genotypes with those obtained from the same individuals with SNP microarrays, and from multiple samples from the same horse, respectively. 62% of swabs yielded the minimum recommended amount of host DNA for ATG. Ignoring samples that failed to amplify, ATG recovered an average of 86.7% targeted sites per sample, while genotype concordance between ATG and SNP microarrays was 98.5%. The repeatability of genotypes from the same individual approached unity with an average of 99.9%. This study demonstrates the suitability of ATG for genome-wide, non-invasive targeted SNP genotyping, and will facilitate further ecological and conservation genetics research in equids and related species.
Thermal and Mechanical Stabilities of Core-shell Microparticles Containing a Liquid Core
Authors: Nguyen Nam-Trung , Nguyen Nam-Trung , Nguyen Nam-Trung , Nguyen Nam-Trung
Published: September 2021

Thorough understanding of the behaviour of core-shell microparticles with a liquid core is essential for determining their performance in applications under different operation conditions. This paper reports the behaviour of core-shell particles with a liquid core under thermal and mechanical loads. First, we formulated an analytical model for the heating process of a core-shell microparticle with a liquid core. Next, we utilised an axisymmetric model of an elastic spherical shell upon compression to describe the deformation of a core-shell microparticle. Finally, we conducted experiments to validate these models. Both thermal and mechanical models agree well with the experimental data. The maximum temperature a core-shell microparticle can withstand depends on the liquid, the geometry, and the material of the shell. The critical compression force before rupture of a core-shell microparticle depends on the Poisson’s ratio of the shell material and the shell thickness relative to the outer shell radius. The rupture force and rupture temperature increase with increasing shell thickness.
Lexibank: A public repository of standardized wordlists with computed phonological and lexical features
Authors: List Johann-Mattis , Forkel Robert , Greenhill Simon J. , Rzymski Christoph , Englisch Johannes , Gray Russell D.
Published: September 2021

The past decades have seen substantial growth in digital data on the world's languages. At the same time, the demand for cross-linguistic datasets has been increasing, as witnessed by numerous studies devoted to diverse questions on human prehistory, cultural evolution, and human cognition. Unfortunately, the majority of published datasets lack standardization which makes their comparison difficult. Here, we present the first step to increase the comparability of cross-linguistic lexical data. We have designed workflows for the computer-assisted lifting of datasets to Cross-Linguistic Data Formats, a collection of standards that increase the FAIRness of linguistic data. We test the Lexibank workflow on a collection of 100 lexical datasets from which we derive an aggregated database of wordlists in unified phonetic transcriptions covering more than 2000 language varieties. We illustrate the benefits of our approach by showing how phonological and lexical features can be automatically inferred, complementing and expanding existing cross-linguistic datasets.
Genetic algorithm application for electrodynamic transducer model identification
Authors: Volkov Denys , Zubkov Artem , Didkovskyi Vitalii
Published: September 2021

Research object: the adaptation and application of the genetic algorithm for electrodynamic transducer model parameters identification.

Investigated problem: to formulate loudspeaker identification task as an optimization problem, adapt it to the genetic algorithm framework and compare obtained results with classical identification method using added mass.

Main scientific results: the complete genetic algorithm loudspeaker identification procedure is presented, including:

– data acquisition scheme, where the directly measured values for the algorithm application are: voltage at loudspeaker terminals, current through the voice coil and displacement of the moving part

– selection of an appropriate set of genes of an individual

– derivation of the fitness function for assessing the quality of the identified parameters, which can also be used to identify other types of electroacoustic transducers

Also, the advantages of this method in comparison with the classical method of identification using added mass are considered, that are its versatility and ability to quickly configure and adapt for research and experimentation with different loudspeaker models and different types of transducers used in acoustics.

Area of practical use of the research results: the proposed genetic loudspeaker model identification scheme can be directly applied on practice to speed up research and development tasks in electroacoustics and other related fields that require frequent experimentation with different types of transducer models.

Innovative technological product: genetic algorithm based loudspeaker identification scheme that can be applied to identify various model of electrodynamic transducers.

Scope of application of the innovative technological product: electroacoustics, loudspeaker design, audio systems
Efficiency determination of methods for eliminating the polarization layer in the process of membrane concentration of buttermilk
Authors: Omelchenko Oleksandr , Deynichenko Gregoriy , Huzenko Vasyl , Zolotukhina Inna , Dmytrevskyi Dmytro , Chervonyi Vitalii , Horielkov Dmytro , Melnik Olga , Korolenko Olha , Tsvirkun Liudmyla
Published: September 2021

The object of research: the process of membrane concentration of buttermilk using methods of removing the polarizing layer on the membrane surface.

Investigated problem: determination of the effectiveness of methods for eliminating the polarization layer on the membrane surface during membrane concentration of buttermilk.

Main scientific results: The results of experimental studies on methods of removing the polarization layer to increase the productivity of ultrafiltration equipment in the process of membrane concentration of buttermilk are presented. Mathematical models are proposed based on the regression equation of a factorial experiment using the elimination of the polarization layer on the membrane to determine the rational operating parameters of the membrane concentration of buttermilk. These parameters were determined: pressure – 0.4 … 0.5 MPa, buttermilk temperature – 40 … 50 °С, speed of pulsating flows – 1.5 … 1.7 m/s, frequency of bubbling of raw materials – 0 , 10 … 0.15 min-1, bubbling pressure – 0.56 … 0.58 MPa. A comparative analysis of the application of the method of vibrational mixing and bubbling of separated non-fat dairy raw materials to eliminate the formation of a polarization layer on the surface of membranes in the process of membrane concentration is presented. Based on the obtained quantitative and qualitative characteristics of the ultrafiltration products, it can be seen that vibrational mixing and bubbling of the processed buttermilk equally intensify the process of membrane concentration of buttermilk.

The area of practical use of the research results: enterprises of the dairy industry of the food industry, engaged in waste-free processing of dairy raw materials and its by-products.

An innovative technological product: devices for reducing the polarization layer, allowing to increase the performance of membranes in the process of membrane concentration of buttermilk.

Scope of application of the innovative technological product: waste-free processing of dairy raw materials at dairies and dairy plants and other food industry enterprises.
The socio-economic impact of the Covid-19: a South African perspective on its impact on the socio-economic, inequality, security, and food systems
Authors: Yesufu Shaka
Published: September 2021

The objects of this research are: first, to highlight some of the socio-economic impact, arising out of the government's strict lockdown rules due to the Covid-19 pandemic. Second, to explore the psychological effects of the new normal on citizens, arising out of the lockdown.

The author investigated the following problems: social problems, caused by restricted movements, increase interpersonal violence crimes, and economic problems due to job losses, emanating from several businesses closures.

The main results of the research are: very high number of death rates with over (78 000), succumbing to coronavirus in South Africa, high unemployment, threats of food scarcity, educational setbacks due to schools closure, economic inequality gap, more widely pronounced, and hospitals, put under severe pressure due high patients needs.

The area of practical use of the research is for all citizens, directly affected by the global pandemic. The research highlights the significance of the use of technology to inform and support lifelong learning using more e-learning platforms as an alternative for the old pedagogic delivery of lectures.

The innovative technological products, arising out of the lockdown, were several e-learning softwares introduced. Apps like ‘uber eats; Vromo; Open Table; and ChatFood were all introduced and made delivery of fast food to our homes relatively easy. Several e-learning products were made popular: Microsoft teams; Zoom; Skype; Canvas; Ariculate 360; 7 taps; Spayee and teachable.

The Scope of the innovative technology products were more pronounced in both the hospitality, catering industries, and educational institutions.
Trial using of ultrasonic cavitation in cottonization processes of hemp fibers
Authors: Hych Olha , Zakora Oksana , Rastorhuieva Mariia , Zilinskyi Andrii
Published: September 2021

The object of research: ultrasonic processing technology of textile materials.

Investigated problem: increasing the degree of splitting of complex hemp fibers due to the effect of the mechanism of ultrasonic cavitation on them.

The main scientific results: The article shows the potential of textile production to ensure the environmental friendliness of textile products, and the development and implementation of new eco-technologies of physical and mechanical cottonization of hemp fiber is important in this. Analysis of existing methods of cottonization and structural features of hemp fibers has led to the conclusion that the destruction of cellulose satellites in complex fiber can be considered as a process of purification from impurities, since the technologies for purification of substances in the aquatic environment by ultrasound now are widely used. Therefore the process of cottonization of hemp by technology of ultrasonic treatment was used in this investigation for the first time. The basic principle effect on the textile material what placed in the liquid are the hydroacoustic effects formed by the collapse of cavitation bubbles in the contact zone "liquid-material". Experimental studies of the geometric characteristics of the obtained hemp cottonine were carried out, and the effectiveness of the effect of ultrasonic vibrations on the change of the structure of hemp fiber was confirmed. Due to the removal of inlaid substances under the action of cavitation, the complex fibers of hemp were split, as a result of which the range of variation and the absolute value of their length and linear density were decreased.

The scope of practical use of the research results: textile enterprises of deep processing of bast raw materials into technical and household yarns.

Innovation technological product: technology of ultrasonic cottonization of hemp fibers.

The scope of using the innovation technological product: manufacturing of textile hemp products for general use.