bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Adapting Plant Protection Strategies to Meet the Challenges Posed by Climate Change on Plant Diseases: A review
Authors: Kumar Saurav , Thilagam P. , Shikha Deep , Saikanth D. R. K. , Rahmani Umara , Huded Sharanabasav , Panigrahi Chandan Kumar
Published: December 2023

Climate change poses a significant challenge to global agriculture, with profound implications for plant disease dynamics and plant protection strategies. This review aims to synthesize current research on the impact of climate change on plant diseases, particularly focusing on how these changes affect pathogen life cycles, host resistance, and disease distribution. Emphasizing the Indian context, this paper explores the adaptation of plant protection strategies in response to these challenges, including the integration of traditional methods and advanced scientific approaches. It provides a comprehensive overview of the key aspects of climate change relevant to agriculture, including changes in temperature, precipitation patterns, and atmospheric CO2 levels. It delves into the direct and indirect impacts of these climatic changes on plant diseases, highlighting how altered environmental conditions influence pathogen virulence and the susceptibility of host plants. This section also discusses the shifted patterns in pest and disease distribution due to climate change, with a focus on the Indian agricultural scenario. Then it examines the current challenges in plant protection, assessing the limitations of traditional methods like chemical, biological, and cultural control in the context of a changing climate. It identifies critical areas such as increased disease incidence, pathogen resistance development, and the necessity for sustainable and adaptable plant protection strategies. Further it explores various adaptive strategies, including Integrated Disease Management (IDM), advances in breeding for disease resistance, biotechnological approaches, and climate-smart agricultural practices. It outlines how IDM principles and practices are being adapted to new climate scenarios, the role of genetic engineering and traditional breeding in developing disease-resistant varieties, the development of biopesticides and biocontrol agents, and the application of climate forecasts in disease management. Case studies and practical applications from different regions of India provide real-world examples of effective adaptation strategies, drawing lessons and best practices. The review concludes by identifying research gaps, advocating for multidisciplinary collaborations between plant pathology, climatology, and agronomy, and emphasizing the critical role of policy in supporting adaptive strategies. This comprehensive synthesis and analysis aim to contribute to the broader understanding of plant protection in the era of climate change and guide future research and policy-making in this vital field.
The Effect of Morinda citrifolia Ethanolic Extract against Malassezia globosa Obtained from the Scalp of Individuals between the Ages of 18-24 in Georgetown, Guyana
Authors: Hamilton Xabisa , Jaikishun Sirpaul
Published: December 2023

Dandruff, a common scalp condition affecting 50% of the world’s population, is mainly caused by the fungus M. globosa. In this study, the antifungal effect of M. citrifolia, commonly known as noni, was tested against M. globosa. M. citrifolia fruit, leaf, and stem contain phytochemicals including alkaloids, phenols, flavonoids, and glycosides.  Extracts of the three plant parts were obtained by maceration method using ethanol, and prepared in concentrations of 100%, 75%, 50% and 25%. The scalps of 6 individuals were swabbed to obtain a sample of M. globosa. The susceptibility of M. globosa to M. citrifolia extracts was tested in triplicate using the disc diffusion method, and a measure of the extent of susceptibility was ascertained by the size of the inhibition zones. It was found that of the 3 extracts, noni fruit showed the highest inhibitory effect with 20/48 discs having inhibition zones, noni stem showed moderate inhibition with 12/48 inhibition zones, while noni leaf exhibited no inhibition zones, indicating its lack of inhibitory effect against M. globosa. Notably, noni fruit at 100% and 75% concentrations proved to be most effective against M. globosa, and at 25% concentrations, noni stem was most effective. However, statistical analysis using both ANOVA and Kruskal Wallis tests indicated that the observed data was insignificant since the p-values were > 0.05. It can therefore be concluded that noni fruit, leaf, and stem extracts have little to no significant inhibitory effect on the growth of M. globosa, notwithstanding, a change in various experimental factors including agar type and extract preparation may prove otherwise.
Poetry: Response of Medical Students to Use in Teaching Dermatology
Authors: Stella Amadi, Ekechi
Published: December 2023

Background: Poetry is one of the major categories of literature which is characterized by having a meter form, rhyme, rhythm and other figurative expressions. It can be in cooperated in to other forms of literature such as prose and drama as it was the focus of the World Poetry Day 2023 theme: ‘Be a Poet even in Prose’.   Poetry is being encouraged even in the teaching of medicine particularly in countries such as Australia, United States of America and United Kingdom. This study focused on the response of medical students to poems that were part of the lecture slides.

Methods: Short excerpts of poems taken from a collection of poems titled ‘Scar Songs’ formed part of the lecture slides for two different topics on two different days during the dermatology posting for the fifth year medical students. The response of the medical students was judged by a voice vote, hand count, body language and attention paid to the poems during the reading.

Results: Majority, 75 %   raised their hands in affirmative that they enjoyed the class. There were positive emotions such as smiles and laughter by the students.  On the lecture assessment form a student stated that the use of poetry aided his understanding.

Conclusion: Poetry can be enjoyed by medical students. It can be used as a teaching aid in dermatology.
Command filter and high gain observer based adaptive output feedback control for stochastic nonlinear systems with prescribed performance and input quantization
Authors: Tang Hailin , Zhang Tianping , Xia Meizhen
Published: December 2023

In this paper, an adaptive output feedback dynamic surface control (DSC) strategy is proposed for strict‐feedback stochastic nonlinear systems with input quantization, prescribed performance and dynamic uncertainties. A new quantizer is used to process the input signal, which can avoid the chattering of the quantization signal and keep the upper bound of the quantization error constant. Radial basis functions are used to approximate unknown smooth functions, unmodeled dynamics are processed by dynamic signals, and unmeasurable states are estimated by high gain observer. Hyperbolic tangent functions are employed to handle prescribed performance. The second order command filter is used to replace the first order filter used in general DSC, and the compensation term is added in each step of DSC. By the Lyapunov stability analysis, all signals in the controlled system are semi‐globally uniformly ultimately bounded (SGUUB) in probability. Two examples further prove that the control scheme designed in this paper is reasonable and effective.
On Iterative Pre‐Compensation of 3D Laser‐Printed Micro‐Optical Components Using Confocal‐Optical Microscopy
Authors: Weinacker Jannis , Kalt Sebastian , Kiefer Pascal , Rietz Pascal , Wegener Martin
Published: December 2023

State‐of‐the‐art 3D two‐photon laser printing systems already use pre‐compensation algorithms to reduce systematic deviations between the printed and the targeted structures. Nevertheless, the remaining deviations are often still larger than the uncontrollable or “statistical” deviations. In principle, it is straightforward to correct for systematic deviations by measuring the difference between printed structure and target and by subtracting the difference from the first target to obtain the next‐iteration target. However, in reality, one faces several issues such as noise and systematic errors of the characterization measurement itself, as well as unwanted translations and rotations between the coordinate systems of the characterization setup and the printer, respectively. Two examples of printed structures requiring sub‐micrometer accuracy are considered, a large 1D micro‐lens array and a specific diffractive optical element. For both, the device performance before the pre‐compensation workflow described herein is insufficient for the targeted application and has become sufficient after this workflow. The workflow involving optimizations using cross‐correlations with confocal‐optical‐microscopy data is documented by an open‐access program (available via GitLab). This program includes an easy‐to‐use graphical user interface so that other researchers can immediately profit from it.
Biomimetic Targeting Nanoadjuvants for Sonodynamic and Chronological Multi‐Immunotherapy against Holistic Biofilm‐Related Infections
Authors: Wang Lingtian , Zhang Changqing , Zhao Jinhui , Zhu Ziyang , Wang Jiaxing , Fan Wenpei , Jia Weitao
Published: December 2023

Biofilm‐related infections (BRIs) present significant challenges owing to drug resistance, adverse immune responses, and implant failure; however, current approaches inadequately cater to the diverse therapeutic requirements at different stages of infection. To address this issue, a multi‐immunotherapy strategy in combination with sonodynamic therapy is proposed for the chronological treatment of BRIs. Macrophage membrane‐decorated targeting sonosensitive nanoadjuvants are fabricated to load cytosine‐phosphate‐guanine oligodeoxynucleotide (CPG‐ODN) or microRNA (miR)‐21‐5p. In the early stages of BRI (Stage I), CPG‐ODN‐loaded nanoadjuvants (CPG@HMPN@M) promote the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps to capture and neutralize detached microbes. During the late stage of infection (Stage II), CPG‐ODNs redirect macrophage polarization into the M1 phase to combat infections via TLR9/Myd88/TRAF6 pathway. During these stages, CPG@HMPN@M generates singlet oxygen through sonodynamic processes, eradicating the biofilms under US irradiation. Once the BRIs are eliminated, miR‐21‐5p‐loaded nanoadjuvants (miR@HMPN@M) are delivered to the lesions to suppress excessive inflammation and promote tissue integration by evoking macrophage M2 polarization during the repair phase (Stage III) through PTEN/PI3K/Akt pathway. This innovative approach aims to provide comprehensive treatment strategies for the chronological treatment of BRI by effectively eliminating infections, promoting tissue restoration, and implementing different immune regulations at different stages, thus demonstrating promising clinical value.
Transport‐Limited Growth of Coccolith Crystals
Authors: Avrahami Emanuel M. , Eyal Zohar , Varsano Neta , Zagoriy Ievgeniia , Mahamid Julia , Gal Assaf
Published: December 2023

Biogenic crystals present a variety of complex morphologies that form with exquisite fidelity. In the case of the intricate morphologies of coccoliths, calcite crystals produced by marine algae, only a single set of crystallographic facets is utilized. It is unclear which growth process can merge this simple crystallographic habit with the species‐specific architectures. Here, a suite of state‐of‐the‐art electron microscopies is used to follow both the growth trajectories of the crystals ex situ, and the cellular environment in situ, in the species Emiliania huxleyi. It is shown that crystal growth alternates between a space filling and a skeletonized growth mode, where the crystals elongate via their stable crystallographic facets, but the final morphology is a manifestation of growth arrest. This process is reminiscent of the balance between reaction‐limited and transport‐limited growth regimes underlying snowflake formation. It is suggested that localized ion transport regulates the kinetic instabilities that are required for transport‐limited growth, leading to reproducible morphologies.
Multi‐Dimensional Light‐Emitting Meta‐Display: Photoluminescence and Pumping Light Multiplexing
Authors: Wan Shuai , Li Zhe , Dai Chenjie , Shi Yangyang , Li Zhongyang
Published: December 2023

The advent of intelligent display devices has given rise to diverse and complex demands for miniature light‐emitting devices. Light‐emitting metasurfaces have emerged as a practical and efficient means of achieving precise light modulation. However, their practicality is limited by certain constraints. First, there is a need for further exploration of the ability to manipulate both pumping and emitting light simultaneously. Second, there is currently no encoding freedom in multi‐dimensional emitting light. To address these concerns, using meta‐atoms is proposed to encode both fluorescence and pumping light independently, and expand the encoding freedom with different incident wavevector directions. A light‐emitting metasurface with quad‐fold multiplex encoding meta‐displays, including dual scattering images and dual fluorescence images, is further demonstrated. This design strategy not only manipulates both pumping and fluorescence light but also broadens encoding freedom for comprehensive multi‐functionality. This can pave the way for multiplexing optical displays, information storage, and next‐generation wearable displays.
Scintillator Ink with Low‐Temperature Thermoplastic for Micro X‐Ray Imaging
Authors: Wang Tianchi , Xu Xuhui , Yao Shuyi , Yu Jing , Yang Zhi , Qiu Jianbei , Yang Yang (Michael) , Yu Xue
Published: December 2023

Ultrahigh‐resolution X‐ray detection has always been a goal pursued in industrial inspection and medical diagnosis. However, the resolution of the corresponding image generally suffers from serious light scattering and crosstalk. Here, a low‐temperature thermoplastic scintillator ink of [Bmmim]2MnCl4 (Bmmim = 1‐butyl‐2,3‐dimethylimidazolium) is designed, achieving an astonishing spatial resolution of over 22 lp mm−1 (≥22.5 µm). A customized X‐ray imaging can be realized with the as‐explored [Bmmim]2MnCl4 scintillator to the targets through brushing feasibly exhibiting a high adhesion and processability thanks to the superior rheological properties. It is demonstrated that the coordination number determines the melting point of the corresponding scintillator, and an appropriate melting point (323 K) endows a superior viscosity of the sample as print ink. Accordingly, the as‐explored scintillator not only exhibits a high light output with 3.63 times of the commercial Bi4Ge3O12 (10 000 photons MeV−1) under steady‐state X‐ray illumination but also performs excellent recyclability even after 100 re‐uses. This work brings a new perspective for solving the problems of light scattering and light crosstalk for X‐ray imaging, as well as promoting the development of scintillator ink for recycling utilization.
FeCl3‐Catalyzed C(sp3)−H Heteroarylation Enabled by Photoinduced Ligand‐to‐Metal Charge Transfer
Authors: Li Pengcheng , Tu Jia‐Lin , Gao Han , Shi Chengcheng , Zhu Yining , Guo Lin , Yang Chao , Xia Wujiong
Published: December 2023

Herein, we report a strategy for pyrimidination of inert alkanes via synergistic visible light‐driven redox reaction and FeCl3 catalysis. This transformation involves C−H activation by a chlorine radical generated during the iron‐promoted ligand‐to‐metal charge transfer process, triggering subsequent C−H pyrimidination. The substrates and catalysts are inexpensive and readily available, while the reaction conditions and procedures are simple without the need for external oxidants. This work provides a practical approach for synthesizing pyrimidine derivatives with high structural diversity.
Synthesis of (E)‐1‐aryl‐2‐buten‐1‐ones by the Cross‐Coupling of Lithium 1‐methoxy‐1,3‐butadienes with Aryl Bromides
Authors: Visser Paco , Hagelschuer Anka , Feringa Ben L.
Published: December 2023

α,β‐Unsaturated ketones are highly versatile intermediates in organic synthesis, widely being used as substrates in e. g. 1,4‐addition‐ and Diels‐Alder reactions. Their synthesis, however, often proceeds via multi‐step pathways. Here we present an alternative methodology for the one‐pot formation of 1‐aryl‐2‐buten‐1‐ones by the Pd‐catalysed cross‐coupling of readily available bromides and lithium 1‐methoxy‐1,3‐butadienes, proceeding in 2.5 h at 40 °C. In situ hydrolysis of the intermediate 1‐aryl‐1‐methoxy‐1,3‐butadienes affords the desired 1‐aryl‐2‐buten‐1‐ones, providing a direct cross‐coupling method to access isomerically pure (E)‐enones.
Wide Temperature All‐Solid‐State Ti3C2Tx Quantum Dots/L‐Ti3C2Tx Fiber Supercapacitor with High Capacitance and Excellent Flexibility
Authors: He Juan , Ma Fuquan , Xu Wenpu , He Xuexia , Li Qi , Sun Jie , Jiang Ruibin , Lei Zhibin , Liu Zong‐Huai
Published: December 2023

Ti3C2Tx Quantum dots (QDs)/L‐Ti3C2Tx fiber electrode (Q3M7) with high capacitance and excellent flexibility is prepared by a wet spinning method. The assembled units Ti3C2Tx nanosheets (NSs) with large size (denoted as L‐Ti3C2Tx) is obtained by natural sedimentation screen raw Ti3AlC2, etching, and mechanical delamination. The pillar agent Ti3C2Tx QDs is fabricated by an ultrasound method. Q3M7 fiber electrode gave a specific capacitance of 1560 F cm−3, with a capacity retention rate of 79% at 20 A cm−3, and excellent mechanical strength of 130 Mpa. A wide temperature all‐solid‐state the delaminated montmorillonite (F‐MMT)/Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) flexible hydrogel (DHGE) (F‐MMT/PVA DHGE) Q3M7 fiber supercapacitor is assembled by using Q3M7 fiber as electrodes and F‐MMT/PVA DHGE as electrolyte and separator. It showed a volume specific capacitance of 413 F cm−3 at 0.5 A cm−3, a capacity retention of 97% after 10 000 cycles, an energy density of 36.7 mWh cm−3 at a power density of 311 mW cm−3, and impressive capacitance and flexibility over a wide temperature range of −40 to 60 °C. This work provides an effective strategy for designing and assembling wide temperature all‐solid‐state fiber supercapacitors with optimal balance of capacitive performance and flexibility.
Photoredox‐Catalyzed α−C−H Monoalkylation of Symmetric Polyols in the Presence of CO2
Authors: Archer Gaétan , Meyrelles Ricardo , Eder Isabel , Kovács Nóra , Maryasin Boris , Médebielle Maurice , Merad Jérémy
Published: December 2023

Achieving the selective modification of symmetric poly‐hydroxylated compounds presents a significant challenge due to the presence of identical active sites. Herein, we address this challenge through the design of a ternary catalytic system that includes a photoredox catalyst, a hydrogen atom transfer promotor and a carbonation catalyst. This catalytic system enables the reversible carbonation of acyclic polyols under CO2 atmosphere, which modulates the reactivity of its distinct C−H bonds toward hydrogen atom transfers. An exquisite selectivity for the monoalkylation is achieved in a variety of unprotected light polyols, yielding valuable building blocks in short reaction times. Mechanistic and computational studies demonstrate that the formation of an intramolecular hydrogen bond between the transient carbonate and the free alcohol is pivotal for the kinetic and thermodynamic activation of a specific alcohol.
Nickel‐Catalyzed Enantioselective Synthesis of Dienyl Sulfoxide
Authors: Gao Li , Wang Yin‐Qi , Zhang Ya‐Qian , Fu Yi‐Han , Liu Yi‐Yu , Zhang Qing‐Wei
Published: December 2023

Sulfoxides are widely used in the pharmaceutical industry and as ligands in asymmetric catalysis. However, the efficient asymmetric synthesis of this structural motif remains limited. In this study, we disclosed a Ni‐catalyzed enantioconvergent reaction that utilizes both racemic allenyl carbonates and β‐sulfinyl esters. Our method employs cheap and more sustainable Ni(II) as a precatalyst and successfully overcomes the challenging poisoning effect and instability of sulfenate generated in situ. This enables the synthesis of a series of dienyl sulfoxides with enantioselectivity of up to 98 % ee. The product exhibits tremendous potential in various applications, including diastereoselective Diels–Alder reactions, coordination with transition metals, and incorporation into medicinal compounds, among others. Using a combination of experimental and computational methods, we have uncovered an interesting associated outersphere mechanism that contrasts with conventional mechanisms commonly observed in asymmetric transition metal catalysis.
Enhancement of the mechanical and tribological properties of carboxylated acrylonitrile butadiene rubber filled with cryptocrystalline graphite by different preparation methods
Authors: Tong Xi , Zhou Xiangwen , Bai Zhimin , Liu Bing
Published: December 2023

As a cost‐effective and environmentally friendly natural mineral, cryptocrystalline graphite (CG) is applied in rubber materials and its performance has been evaluated. In this work, the filler dispersion and mechanical and tribological properties of carboxylated acrylonitrile butadiene rubber (XNBR)/CG composites by different preparation methods were studied. XNBR/CG composites prepared by latex blending (XNBR/CG‐L) exhibited better mechanical and tribological performance, higher toughness, and lower heat build‐up than those prepared by mechanical blending (XNBR/CG‐M). These differences were ascribed to the filler dispersion degree, filler amount and dispersed size, and also filler–rubber interfacial interaction. Adding CG was conducive to improving the stability of the friction coefficient and reduced the wear rate via the formation of graphite lubricant and transfer films. The tribological performance of XNBR/CG‐L was superior to that of XNBR/CG‐M because of the improved tensile strength, tear resistance, and toughness as well as lower temperature rise. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and optical microscope observation showed a smoother worn surface, less and smaller wear debris of XNBR/CG‐L, and a more uniform transfer film on the steel counterpart surface. The relevant results provided new insight into the performance and structural design of CG/rubber composites.
Immobilization of biomolecular anthocyanin natural sensor into plasma‐cured polyethylene terephthalate fibers from recycled plastic waste for determination of ammonia
Authors: Al‐Qahtani Salhah D. , Katouah Hanadi A. , Alenazi Noof A. , Alsoliemy Amerah , Bayazeed Abrar , Mogharbel Amal T. , El‐Metwaly Nashwa M.
Published: December 2023

Polyester textiles have been applied in numerous industrial applications. Polyester fibers are characterized with being excellent insulators to electricity, having excellent flexural and impact strength, ease of manufacture, low‐cost, as well as having resistance to moisture and chemicals. However, polyester fibers cannot be stained due to the absence of active dyeing sites on the surface of the fibrous structure. Thus, polyester cannot be dyed after it has been extruded. Herein, we report the development of novel‐colored polyester fabrics using plasma‐assisted dyeing and anthocyanin natural probe for determination of ammonia that may cause severe harmful effects to human organs and even death. Anthocyanin was extracted from red cabbage and characterized. The water‐soluble anthocyanin was fastened to polyester fibers by mordant (potash alum) to generate anthocyanin–mordant coordinative complex nanoparticles. Polyester can be treated with thin layer of anthocyanin probe after activation with plasma. The results showed excellent colorfastness, ultraviolet blocking, and antibacterial performance of the anthocyanin‐dyed polyester (APET) fibers. The APET fibers showed great potential for developing a portable colorimetric device for an on‐site detection of ammonia. APET displayed a detection limit of aqueous ammonia in the range of 25–200 ppb, displaying a change in color from purple (542 nm) to white (387 nm).
Ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography–quadrupole time of flight tandem mass spectrometry based in vitro metabolite profiling of DK‐GV‐04P, a novel anticancer molecule under drug discovery
Authors: Sherpa Deeki Doma , Sahu Amit Kumar , Jadav Tarang , Rajput Niraj , Vaidya Gargi Nikhil , Kumar Dinesh , Sengupta Pinaki
Published: December 2023

DK‐GV‐04P, chemically identified as 3‐cinnamyl‐2‐(4‐methoxyphenyl) quinazolin‐4(3H)‐one, is an investigational molecule synthesized at the Chemical Biology Laboratory of the National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research‐Ahmedabad. The compound has shown potential anticancer activity against squamous CAL27 cell lines. Metabolite identification and characterization are critical in drug discovery, providing key insights into a compound’s pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics safety, and metabolic fate. The primary aim of the study was to identify and characterize the in vitro metabolites of DK‐GV‐04P. In silico identification of the site of metabolism was also carried out using xenosite online software. The molecule was incubated with human liver microsomes and human S9 liver fraction to generate in vitro metabolites, which were further identified and characterized using ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography–quadrupole time of flight tandem mass spectrometry. A total of nine metabolites (four phase I and five phase II) were identified and characterized through tandem mass spectrometry. The major biotransformation pathways involved in metabolism of DK‐GV‐04P were hydroxylation, O‐demethylation and glucuronidation. In addition to this, a detailed biotransformation pathway of DK‐GV‐04P has been established in this study.
Green HRM practices, employee well‐being, and sustainable work behavior: Examining the moderating role of resource commitment
Authors: Gyensare Michael Asiedu , Adomako Samuel , Amankwah‐Amoah Joseph
Published: December 2023

This study examines how green human resource management (HRM) practices impact employees' subjective well‐being through the mediating mechanism of employees' green behavior (EGB). We further explore the moderating role of resource commitment. Based on a sample of 249 employees and their supervisors working in small‐ to medium‐sized enterprises (SMEs) in Ghana, we discovered that green HRM practices have a positive influence on EGB, and this connection is further reinforced by resource commitment. The analysis also reveals that EGB serves as a mediator in the relationship between green HRM practices and employees' subjective well‐being. These findings suggest that green HRM practices affect employees' subjective well‐being through EGB. The wider implications of these findings for theory and HRM practitioners are discussed.
Treatment of single gingival recessions using biofunctionalized collagen matrix: A case series
Authors: Rossato Amanda , Miguel Manuela Maria Viana , Bonafé Ana Carolina Ferreira , Mathias‐Santamaria Ingrid Fernandes , Nunes Marcelo Pereira , Santamaria Mauro Pedrine
Published: December 2023

Background

Connective tissue graft substitutes have been used widely to overcome autogenous graft limitations. Nevertheless, they do not provide comparable results in the treatment of periodontal and peri‐implant soft tissue defects. Based on the principles of tissue‐engineered materials, injectable platelet‐rich fibrin (i‐PRF) has been combined with collagen matrices (CMs) to enhance their clinical efficacy. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case series demonstrating the use of i‐PRF for the biofunctionalization of a volume‐stable collagen matrix (VCMX) as an adjunct to coronally advanced flap (CAF) to treat single gingival recession (GR) defects.

Methods & Results

The study included 10 patients. Bleeding on probing, probing depth, GR height, clinical attachment level, esthetics, and dentin hypersensitivity were evaluated. After 6 months, a significant GR reduction (RecRed: 2.15 ± 0.7 mm; p = 0.005) and percentage of root coverage (% RC) of 81.13% were observed. Additionally, 40% of the sites showed complete root coverage. Gingival thickness increased 0.64 mm. Patient‐centered evaluations demonstrated dentin hypersensitivity and esthetics improvements by the end of follow‐up.

Conclusion

VCMX biofunctionalized with i‐PRF associated with CAF technique showed promising clinical outcomes in the treatment of single RT1 GR defects.
Emergent bedside management of a pneumatocele in a neonate via Fogarty catheter
Authors: Larkins Michael C. , Iasiello John , Cai Sunny R. , Holdeman Michael , Narron John , Hutton Adrienne L.
Published: December 2023

Key Clinical Message

Persistent pneumatoceles in neonates increase mortality, and little literature regarding emergent treatment in a decompensating patient exists. We present the emergent management of a pneumatocele in a decompensating neonate by isolation with a Fogarty catheter.
Application of co‐feeds in the catalytic conversion of light alkanes to aromatics: A comprehensive review
Authors: Lim Yong Hyun , Ryu Hae Won , Hwang Yeseul , Nam Kihun , Roh Jangeon , Kim Do Heui
Published: December 2023

Catalytic conversion of light alkanes (C1‐C3) to aromatics offers an attractive valorization route for abundant gas resources and has been a prevalent topic of research over the past few decades. Despite considerable advancements in the understanding of these reactions, several fundamental and practical hurdles have prevented their industrial application. Among the numerous attempts to resolve these issues, co‐feeding certain additives yields promising results, including the activation of alkanes under milder conditions, an increase in catalytic stability, and a shift in product distribution towards more desirable compounds. Systematic studies have elucidated the precise working mechanism of the co‐feeds in aromatization systems, explaining the experimentally observed results. This review provides an extensive compilation of information on the application of co‐feeds in light alkane aromatization, which has accumulated in the literature since the pioneering reports in the 1990s. Detailed summaries are provided for each additive, ranging from hydrocarbons to oxidants. Viable strategies for future work in this field, aiming to bridge the gap between academic studies and industrial applications, are also discussed.
Investigations on The Effect of Cd Dopant on The Properties of 2D Nanostructured Vanadium Oxide Thin Films
Authors: Rajan Niju , Manjunatha D. V.
Published: December 2023

The structural, morphologic, and photosensitive characteristics of pure and Cd‐doped V2O5 thin films grown by spray pyrolysis are investigated in this work. To stabilize the precursor, glycine is added during preparation. The choice of Cadmium (Cd) as a dopant is made with Vanadium's ionic radius compatibility in consideration. X‐ray Diffraction (XRD) measurements show that the orthorhombic structure does not alter with the addition of Cd dopant. The morphological studies reveal that the surface roughness of synthesized V2O5 increases with dopant concentration. Investigation of field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) images indicate that as the dopant concentration increases, the produced film's particle size reduces and hence It is suitable for gas sensing applications. UV–vis spectroscopy is employed to investigate the influence of doping on the absorbance, transmittance, and optical energy gap of the deposited thin film. The material can be taken into account for photovoltaic applications, as the investigations demonstrate an improved transmittance rate, lower absorption rate, and an increase in the optical bandgap in the visible spectra.
Power quality improvement of grid interfaced solar PV system using an improved least mean square‐based unified control technique
Authors: Mohapatra Prerana , Panda Anup Kumar , Venkata Ramana Naik N. , Senapati Laxmidhar , Behera Sameer Kumar
Published: December 2023

This article presents an improved least mean square (LMS) algorithm‐based control approach for a three‐phase grid interfaced solar photovoltaic (GISPV) system for smart building applications. The SPV is primarily utilized to supply household loads, and the absence or intermittency of SPV is curbed by utilizing power from the grid. The majority of household loads are nonlinear loads that affect the grid power quality (PQ). However, the effects of both linear and nonlinear loads on grid PQ have been analyzed in this article. This article proposes a Gaussian Kernel function‐based normalized LMS (GKNLMS) algorithm to calculate the active peak weight component of the load current, thereby utilizing it to obtain a sinusoidal reference current. Considering a higher step size and utilizing the Gaussian Kernel function for reduced mean square error (MSE) improves both the convergence rate and accuracy of estimation in the conventional LMS. The proposed control technique effectively addresses system anomalies caused by dynamic solar irradiance, load variation, and unbalanced loading conditions. Furthermore, the system response with the GKNLMS algorithm is assessed in MATLAB/Simulink and validated by developing a laboratory setup of the system for experimentation.
Inactivated whole virion vaccine protects K18‐hACE2 Tg mice against the Omicron SARS‐CoV‐2 variant via cross‐reactive T cells and nonneutralizing antibody responses
Authors: Kruglov Andrey A. , Bondareva Marina A. , Gogoleva Violetta S. , Semin Iaroslav K. , Astrakhantseva Irina V. , Zvartsev Ruslan , Lunin Aleksandr S. , Apolokhov Vasiliy D. , Shustova Elena Yu , Volok Viktor P. , Ustyugov Aleksey A. , Ishmukhametov Aydar A. , Nedospasov Sergei A. , Kozlovskaya Liubov I. , Drutskaya Marina S.
Published: December 2023

COVID‐19 is a systemic inflammatory disease initiated by SARS‐CoV‐2 virus infection. Multiple vaccines against the Wuhan variant of SARS‐CoV‐2 have been developed including a whole virion beta‐propiolactone‐inactivated vaccine based on the B.1.1 strain (CoviVac). Since most of the population has been vaccinated by targeting the original or early variants of SARS‐CoV‐2, the emergence of novel mutant variants raises concern over possible evasion of vaccine‐induced immune responses. Here, we report on the mechanism of protection by CoviVac, a whole virion‐based vaccine, against the Omicron variant. CoviVac‐immunized K18‐hACE2 Tg mice were protected against both prototype B.1.1 and BA.1‐like (Omicron) variants. Subsequently, vaccinated K18‐hACE2 Tg mice rapidly cleared the infection via cross‐reactive T‐cell responses and cross‐reactive, non‐neutralizing antibodies recognizing the Omicron variant Spike protein. Thus, our data indicate that efficient protection from SARS‐CoV‐2 variants can be achieved by the orchestrated action of cross‐reactive T cells and non‐neutralizing antibodies.
Structural and Magnetic Properties of a {GdCu5}2Metallacrown Dimer with a Disulfonate Linker
Authors: Pavlishchuk Anna V. , Zeller Matthias , Carrella Luca M. , Rentschler Eva , Bindra Jasleen K. , Dalal Naresh , Kinyon Jared , Perera Kuluni , Pavlishchuk Vitaly V. , Addison Anthony W.
Published: December 2023

The complex {Na2(H2O)8[GdCu5(GlyHA)5(H2O)4L]2}L2 ⋅ 2.5DMF ⋅ 10.5H2O (1, where GlyHA2−= glycinehydroxamate, L2−= 4,4′‐bis(2‐sulfonatostyryl)biphenyl) was obtained as the outcome of the metathesis reaction of previously reported [GdCu5(GlyHA)5(CO3)(NO3)(H2O)5] ⋅ 3.5H2O with an excess of the disulfonate‘s sodium salt. X‐Ray analysis of1shows a dimeric structure in which 15‐metallacrown‐5 units {GdCu5}3+are arranged in an “edge‐to‐edge” manner by way of two linking disulfonates, L2−. Magnetic studies of polycrystalline1over a temperature range of 2–300 K revealed both Gd‐Cu ferromagnetic and Cu‐Cu antiferromagnetic interactions within the metallacrown unit. ExperimentalχMT vs. Tdata for1were fitted using different theoretical models. A two‐Jmodel, which takes into account both exchange interactions between adjacent copper(II) ions and the Gd‐Cu exchange interactions allows fitting of theχMT vs. Tdata in the whole temperature range. The values obtained for the exchange parameters are in accord with previously reported parameters for Ln(III)‐Cu(II) 15‐metallacrowns‐5. The 240 GHz powder EPR spectra for1were recorded between 30 and 150 K.
Iridium(I) 1,3,4,4‐Tetraamino‐1,2‐cyclobutadiene Complexes
Authors: Hackl Ludwig , Körner Lukas , Phong Ho Luong , Bannenberg Thomas , Tamm Matthias
Published: December 2023

The dimer of dipiperidinoacetylene, 1,3,4,4‐tetrapiperidino‐3‐buten‐1‐yne, reacts with [IrCl(COD)]2 (COD=1,5‐cyclooctadiene) to give the corresponding 1,3,4,4‐tetrapiperidino‐1,2‐cyclobutadiene‐iridium complex [(CBA)IrCl(COD)] with a four‐membered cyclic bent allene (CBA) ligand. Reaction with carbon monoxide affords the dicarbonyl complex cis‐[(CBA)IrCl(CO)2], which exhibits low CO stretching frequencies and an associated Tolman electronic parameter (TEP) value of 2030 cm−1, which is lower than any other TEP value reported for cyclic carbene and carbenoid ligand systems. Treatment of [(CBA)IrCl(COD)] with sodium tetrakis[3,5‐bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]borate (NaBARF) followed by addition of phosphines or pyridine (py) yields the cationic complexes [(CBA)IrL(COD)][BARF] (L=PPh3, PPh2Me, PPhMe2, PCy3, py) as potential hydrogen isotope exchange (HIE) catalysts. DFT calculations provide evidence for a suitable pathway for the cyclization of 1,3,4,4‐tetrapiperidino‐3‐buten‐1‐yne at transition metal complex fragments, here AuCl, IrCl(COD), and IrCl(CO)2, as a general route to four‐membered CBA metal complexes.
Geochemistry, zircon U–Pb geochronology and Lu–Hf isotopes of the Late Jurassic granitoids from the Shuangyuangou deposit, South Qinling, China: Implications for petrogenesis and porphyry Cu metallogeny
Authors: Zhao Feng‐Yun , Tang Li , Guo Xu‐Fei , Santosh M. , Zeng Tao , Chen Long‐Long , Sheng Yuan‐Ming , Zhao Jiang‐Lin
Published: December 2023

The Shuangyuangou copper deposit is located in the southern segment of the Qinling orogenic belt in central China. The ore‐related intrusions include quartz diorite porphyry, granite porphyry and lamprophyre. In this study, we present whole‐rock geochemistry, zircon U–Pb geochronology, trace elements and Lu–Hf isotope data on the Shuangyuangou intrusions which provide critical constraints on the emplacement age, magma origin, petrogenesis and implications for porphyry Cu mineralization in this newly discovered deposit. Zircon U–Pb dating constrains the emplacement age of quartz diorite porphyry, lamprophyre and granite porphyry at 150–147 Ma. The quartz diorite porphyry and granite porphyry display high‐K calc–alkaline I‐type granite affiliation. The rocks show enrichment of LREE and LILE (Rb, Ba), depletion in HREE and HFSE (Nb, Ta, Ti) and absence of Eu anomaly. Zircon εHf(t) values of quartz diorite porphyry, lamprophyre and granite porphyry range from −7.5 to −1.7 with TDM2 ages of 1.3–1.6 Ga. Our data suggest that the parental magma was derived from partial melting of juvenile lower crust and metasomatic lithospheric mantle, with more involvement of mantle material for the lamprophyre. The zircon Eu/Eu* values of 0.55–0.78 suggest high magmatic water content which suppresses the fractionation of plagioclase. In addition, the ΔFMQ values calculated from zircon trace elements range from −0.90 to 2.96 which is a favourable factor for porphyry Cu mineralization at Shuangyuangou. The Late Jurassic Shuangyuangou intrusion and associated Cu mineralization were formed within an intracontinental setting after the collisional assembly of the Qinling orogenic belt.
Crustal evolution of the amphibolite‐ to granulite‐facies transition zone in the eastern Dharwar Craton, southern India: Insight from petrological modelling, zircon U–Pb geochronology and Hf isotopes
Authors: Maibam Bidyananda , Palin Richard M. , Gerdes Axel , White Richard W. , Berndt Jasper , Foley Stephen , Goswami Jiten N.
Published: December 2023

Integrated petrological, geochemical, isotopic and thermobarometric study of metasedimentary rocks from the amphibolite‐ to granulite‐facies transition zone of the Eastern Dharwar Craton (EDC), South India, has provided new insight into the evolution of the lower continental crust in this region. Phase equilibrium modelling of metapelites and metagreywackes suggests that they reached peak metamorphism at ~800–850°C and 6–7 kbar (corresponding to a paleodepth of ~20 km), with minor retrograde change occurring at ~700°C and 3–5 kbar during exhumation. U–Pb ages of conventionally separated zircon from metapelite samples range from 2.5 to 3.4 Ga, whereas garnet‐hosted zircons yield younger ages of 2.5–2.7 Ga. Zircon Th/U ratios and Hf isotopes reveal several significant pulses of zircon growth at 3.0, 2.95 and 2.7 Ga. Hf isotope data suggest the evolution of juvenile magma at around 3.2 Ga, while Hf model ages show that the crust building process also involved the recycling of pre‐existing Mesoarchean crust. Our study confirms the presence of a Paleoarchean component in the EDC lower crust, as well as older metamorphic events in the terrain and the gradational distribution of the metamorphic rocks.
Late Mesozoic tectonic evolution and thermal history in the northeast Xing'an Block, NE China: Implications for gold mineralization and preservation
Authors: Wang Ting , Gao Shen , Xu Hong , Qin Kezhang , Wang Xunlian
Published: December 2023

Late Triassic–Jurassic orogenic and Early Cretaceous epithermal Au deposits are significant producers of Au, Ag, and potentially critical elements (e.g., Te, Se and Sb) in the North Heilongjiang Belt in the Xing'an Block, NE China. However, the preservation mechanism of these Au deposits associated with tectonic evolution is unclear. Here, we conducted zircon U–Pb, sericite Ar–Ar, zircon and apatite (U–Th)/He dating as well as whole‐rock geochemistry in the Xing'an Block. Zircon U–Pb dating shows the ages of 174.1 ± 2.4 Ma for the granodiorite, 169.9 ± 1.6 Ma for the tonalite, 154.0 ± 2.0 Ma for the monzogranite and ca.122 Ma for the diorite. Sericite Ar–Ar dating presents plateau and isochron ages of 163.2 ± 1.8 Ma and 163.4 ± 2.8 Ma. The average apatite (U–Th)/He (AHe) and zircon (U–Th)/He (ZHe) ages from the Jurassic rocks have the ranges of ca. 146–89 Ma and ca. 150–116 Ma and from the Cretaceous are ca. 109–76 Ma and ca. 117–111 Ma, respectively. The Early‐Middle Jurassic intrusions are featured by the tonalite‐trondhjemite‐granodiorite (TTG) rock type. Late Jurassic monzogranite has the geochemical signature of adakitic rocks. The Early Cretaceous granitoids are classified as volcanic arc granites with a part of the Early Cretaceous granodiorite featured by adakitic. These new results reveal five group ages associated with tectonic evolution, Au mineralization and the preservation of the Au deposits. (i) Magmatic events were related to the subduction of the Mongolia‐Okhotsk Ocean during the Early Jurassic (ca. 177–170 Ma) and then the compressional settings with regional deformation (ca. 167–163 Ma). (ii) Thickening crust and orogenic Au mineralization were related to the closure of the Mongolia‐Okhotsk Ocean (ca. 154–145 Ma). (iii) The transformation was from compressional to extensional settings followed by exhumation during the Early Cretaceous (ca. 145–120 Ma), which is the factor of the exhumation of the orogenic Au deposits formed from the Late Triassic to Late Jurassic. (iv) Epithermal Au–Ag mineralization was associated with an extension related to the subduction of the Palaeo‐Pacific Plate (ca. 120–100 Ma). (v) Thermal history shows one thermal event during the Late Cretaceous (ca. 89–76 Ma). The Au deposits have been preserved since the Late Cretaceous.
“Just something that happened?”: Mental health impact of disclosure and framing of sexual violence in older victims
Authors: Nobels Anne , Meersman Charlotte , Lemmens Gilbert , Keygnaert Ines
Published: December 2023

Introduction

Despite the important impact of sexual violence (SV) on mental health, few victims disclose their experiences. Although research in adult victims suggests that SV disclosure could protect against long‐term mental health problems, studies in older adults are lacking.

Objectives

To establish the prevalence of depression, anxiety, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), suicide attempts, and self‐harm, their association with SV disclosure, and the moderating effect of sociodemographic characteristics and SV framing in the relation between SV disclosure and the different mental health outcomes in older SV victims.

Methods

Data on sexual victimisation, mental health, SV framing, and disclosure were collected through structured face‐to‐face interviews with 171 randomly selected sexually victimised adults of 70 years and older living in Belgium. SV was measured using behaviourally specific questions based on a broad definition. Mental health outcomes were measured using validated scales.

Results

Depression, anxiety and PTSD were reported by 34%, 33% and 9% of participants respectively, 5% had attempted suicide and 1% reported self‐harm during lifetime. SV framing was associated with the kind of help victims consulted. SV disclosure was not linked with depression and anxiety, but was associated with an increase of PTSD symptoms in older victims with care dependency (p = 0.004) or a chronic illness and/or disability (p = 0.025).

Conclusions

SV disclosure in itself does not protect against adverse mental health outcomes in old age. Capacity building of professionals trough training and development of clinical guidelines and care procedures may increase appropriate response to SV disclosure by older victims.
Functional network dynamics revealed by EEG microstates reflect cognitive decline in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Authors: Metzger Marjorie , Dukic Stefan , McMackin Roisin , Giglia Eileen , Mitchell Matthew , Bista Saroj , Costello Emmet , Peelo Colm , Tadjine Yasmine , Sirenko Vladyslav , Plaitano Serena , Coffey Amina , McManus Lara , Farnell Sharp Adelais , Mehra Prabhav , Heverin Mark , Bede Peter , Muthuraman Muthuraman , Pender Niall , Hardiman Orla , Nasseroleslami Bahman
Published: December 2023

Recent electroencephalography (EEG) studies have shown that patterns of brain activity can be used to differentiate amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and control groups. These differences can be interrogated by examining EEG microstates, which are distinct, reoccurring topographies of the scalp's electrical potentials. Quantifying the temporal properties of the four canonical microstates can elucidate how the dynamics of functional brain networks are altered in neurological conditions. Here we have analysed the properties of microstates to detect and quantify signal‐based abnormality in ALS. High‐density resting‐state EEG data from 129 people with ALS and 78 HC were recorded longitudinally over a 24‐month period. EEG topographies were extracted at instances of peak global field power to identify four microstate classes (labelled A‐D) using K‐means clustering. Each EEG topography was retrospectively associated with a microstate class based on global map dissimilarity. Changes in microstate properties over the course of the disease were assessed in people with ALS and compared with changes in clinical scores. The topographies of microstate classes remained consistent across participants and conditions. Differences were observed in coverage, occurrence, duration, and transition probabilities between ALS and control groups. The duration of microstate class B and coverage of microstate class C correlated with lower limb functional decline. The transition probabilities A to D, C to B and C to B also correlated with cognitive decline (total ECAS) in those with cognitive and behavioural impairments. Microstate characteristics also significantly changed over the course of the disease. Examining the temporal dependencies in the sequences of microstates revealed that the symmetry and stationarity of transition matrices were increased in people with late‐stage ALS. These alterations in the properties of EEG microstates in ALS may reflect abnormalities within the sensory network and higher‐order networks. Microstate properties could also prospectively predict symptom progression in those with cognitive impairments.