bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bending Actuation of Hydrogels through Rotation of Light‐Driven Molecular Motors
Authors: Perrot Alexis , Wang Wen‐zhi , Buhler Eric , Moulin Emilie , Giuseppone Nicolas
Published: January 2023

The unidirectional rotation of chemically crosslinked light‐driven molecular motors is shown to progressively shift the swelling equilibrium of hydrogels. The concentration of molecular motors and the initial strand density of the polymer network are key parameters to modulate the macroscopic contraction of the material, and both parameters can be tuned using polymer chains of different molecular weights. These findings led to the design of optimized hydrogels revealing a half‐time contraction of approximately 5 min. Furthermore, under inhomogeneous stimulation, the local contraction event was exploited to design useful bending actuators with an energy output 400 times higher than for previously reported self‐assembled systems involving rotary motors. In the present configuration, we measure that a single molecular motor can lift up loads of 200 times its own molecular weight.
Tetrazo[1,2‐b]indazoles: Straightforward Access to Nitrogen‐Rich Polyaromatics froms‐Tetrazines
Authors: Daher Ahmad , Bousfiha Asmae , Tolbatov Iogann , Mboyi Clève D. , Cattey Hélène , Roisnel Thierry , Fleurat‐Lessard Paul , Hissler Muriel , Hierso Jean‐Cyrille , Bouit Pierre‐Antoine , Roger Julien
Published: January 2023

The straightforward access to a new class of aza‐polyaromatics is reported. Starting from readily available fluorinated s‐tetrazine, a cyclization process with azide leads to the formation of an unprecedented tetrazo[1,2‐b]indazole or a bis‐tetrazo[1,2‐b]indazole (cisandtransconformers). Based on the new nitrogen core, further N‐directed palladium‐catalyzedortho‐C−H bond functionalization allows the introduction of halides or acetates. The physicochemical properties of these compounds were studied by a joint experimental/theoretical approach. The tetrazo[1,2‐b]indazoles display solid‐state π‐stacking, low reduction potential, absorption in the visible range up to the near‐infrared, and intense fluorescence, depending on the molecular structure.
Site selection for European native oyster (Ostrea edulis) habitat restoration projects: An expert‐derived consensus
Authors: Hughes Anna , Bonačić Kruno , Cameron Tom , Collins Ken , da Costa Fiz , Debney Alison , van Duren Luca , Elzinga Jesper , Fariñas‐Franco José M. , Gamble Celine , Helmer Luke , Holbrook Zoë , Holden Eric , Knight Katherine , Murphy James A. J. , Pogoda Bernadette , Pouvreau Stéphane , Preston Joanne , Reid Alec , Reuchlin‐Hugenholtz Emilie , Sanderson William G. , Smyth David , Stechele Brecht , Strand Åsa , Theodorou John A. , Uttley Matt , Wray Ben , zu Ermgassen Philine S. E.
Published: January 2023

The European native oyster (Ostrea edulis) is a threatened keystone species which historically created extensive, physically complex, biogenic habitats throughout European seas.

Overfishing and direct habitat destruction, subsequently compounded by pollution, invasive species, disease, predation and climate change have resulted in the functional extinction of native oyster habitat across much of its former range.

Although oyster reef habitat remains imperilled, active restoration efforts are rapidly gaining momentum. Identifying appropriate sites for habitat restoration is an essential first step in long‐term project success.

In this study, a three‐round Delphi process was conducted to determine the most important factors to consider in site selection for European native oyster habitat restoration projects.

Consensus was reached on a total of 65 factors as being important to consider in site selection for European native oyster habitat restoration projects. In addition to the abiotic factors typically included in habitat suitability models, socio‐economic and logistical factors were found to be important. Determining the temporal and spatial variability of threats to native oyster habitat restoration and understanding the biotic factors present at a proposed restoration site also influence the potential for project scale‐up and longevity.

This list guides site selection by identifying: a shortlist of measurable factors which should be considered; the relevant data to collect; topics for discussion in participatory mapping processes; information of interest from the existing body of local ecological knowledge; and factors underpinning supportive and facilitating regulatory frameworks.
Selective and Generic Photocatalytic Oxidation of Alcohol with Pd−TiO2 Thin Films: Butanols to Butanal/Butanone with Different Morphologies of Pd and 0.5θPt‐Pd Counterparts
Authors: Salgaonkar Kranti N. , Kale Sandip R. , Nalajala Naresh , Mansuri Sayana , Gopinath Chinnakonda S.
Published: January 2023

The present study reports on the photocatalytic oxidation of butanols to butanal/butanone using thin film form of facet‐dependent nano‐Pd supported on commercial TiO2 under one‐sun condition and demonstrates the generic nature. Pd‐nanocube (PdNC(100)), Pd‐truncated octahedron (PdTO (100) and (111)), polycrystalline (PdPC), and their counterparts with half‐a‐monolayer Pt‐coated on Pd (0.5θPt‐Pd)) have been used as co‐catalyst. A potentially scalable thin film form of Pd/TiO2 photocatalyst, prepared by drop‐casting method, has been employed to study oxidation of n‐butanol, 2‐butanol, and iso‐butanol to corresponding aldehyde/ketone. 100% selectivity is demonstrated to respective aldehyde/ketone with any catalyst used in the present study with varying degree of butanols conversion by NMR. 0.5θPt‐PdTO/TiO2 shows the highest conversion of 2‐butanol to butanone (13.6% in 4 h). Continuous 10 h of reaction with the most active 0.5θPt‐PdTO/P25 catalyst demonstrates 31% conversion of 2‐butanol to butanone, and catalyst recyclability has been demonstrated. The present protocol can be scalable to large scales to maximize the conversion in direct sunlight. Due to its generic nature, the current method can also be applied to many other alcohols and substrate molecules.
Three Neolignan Glycosides from the Root of Nothopanax davidii
Authors: Lu Yan‐Xia , Lei Yue‐Yue , Shi Yu , Min Xue , Li Lu‐Jun , Li Nan , Wu Zheng‐Zhi
Published: January 2023

Three neolignan glycosides, including a new compound (7S,8R)‐dihydro‐3′‐hydroxy‐7‐(4‐hydroxy‐3‐methoxyphenyl)‐1′‐benzofuranpropanol‐9‐O‐β‐D‐xylopyranoside (1), were isolated from the root of Nothopanax davidii. Their structures were determined by extensive spectroscopic analyses, particularly NMR, HR‐ESI‐MS, and ECD experiments, and the absolute configuration of 2 was first definitively determined. The anti‐tumor activity was assessed on four tumor cells by MTT assay, the anti‐inflammatory activity was determined by inhibition of NO production in LPS reduced RAW264.7 cells, and the interaction with iNOS was predicted by molecular docking. At the dose of 100 μM, the three neolignan glycosides showed no cytotoxic activity against HepG2, HCT116, HeLa and A549 human tumor cells, but significantly inhibited LPS induced NO generation in RAW264.7 cells with inhibition rates of 31.53 %, 23.95 %, and 20.79 %, respectively, showing weak anti‐inflammatory activity, possibly due to their binding to key residues of iNOs involved in inhibitor binding.
Mechanistic Insights into the Activities of Major Families of Enzymes in Bacterial Peptidoglycan Assembly and Breakdown
Authors: Kwan Jeric Mun Chung , Qiao Yuan
Published: January 2023

Serving as an exoskeletal scaffold, peptidoglycan is a polymeric macromolecule that is essential and conserved across all bacteria, yet is absent in mammalian cells; this has made bacterial peptidoglycan a well‐established excellent antibiotic target. In addition, soluble peptidoglycan fragments derived from bacteria are increasingly recognised as key signalling molecules in mediating diverse intra‐ and inter‐species communication in nature, including in gut microbiota‐host crosstalk. Each bacterial species encodes multiple redundant enzymes for key enzymatic activities involved in peptidoglycan assembly and breakdown. In this review, we discuss recent findings on the biochemical activities of major peptidoglycan enzymes, including peptidoglycan glycosyltransferases (PGT) and transpeptidases (TPs) in the final stage of peptidoglycan assembly, as well as peptidoglycan glycosidases, lytic transglycosylase (LTs), amidases, endopeptidases (EPs) and carboxypeptidases (CPs) in peptidoglycan turnover and metabolism. Biochemical characterisation of these enzymes provides valuable insights into their substrate specificity, regulation mechanisms and potential modes of inhibition.
Eliciting reconceptualization innovative moments to foster change in Career Construction Counseling
Authors: Cardoso Paulo , Gonçalves Miguel M. , Mendes Inês , Sousa Inês , Taveira Maria do Céu , Silva Filipa
Published: January 2023

This study tests an add‐on procedure to foster change in Career Construction Counseling by eliciting reconceptualization innovative moments. After the career counseling intervention with 42 participants, 21 participants were allocated to the add‐on procedure, consisting of two additional sessions focused on eliciting reconceptualization innovative moments In turn, participants in the comparison group attended two extra intervention sessions in which the lifetime task was used. Outcome measures assessing vocational behavior and psychological distress were applied at the onset, at the end of counseling and after the two additional sessions. The findings show that Career Construction Counseling was effective, allowing a significant increase in vocational certainty, vocational identity, career decision‐making, and a decrease in psychological distress. After counseling, participants in the add‐on intervention fostering reconceptualization innovative moments revealed greater gains in vocational identity and psychological distress than those in the comparison group. The practical implications of these findings are discussed.
Autoimmune diseases as comorbidities for liver, gallbladder, and biliary duct cancers in Sweden
Authors: Hemminki Kari , Sundquist Kristina , Sundquist Jan , Försti Asta , Liska Vaclav , Hemminki Akseli , Li Xinjun
Published: January 2023

Background

Autoimmune diseases are associated with many cancers but there is a lack of population‐based studies with different autoimmune diseases that have a long follow‐up. This is also true of hepatobiliary cancers, which include hepatocellular cancer (HCC) and rarer entities of gallbladder cancer (GBC), intra‐ and extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA and eCCA), and ampullary cancer.

Methods

Diagnostic data on 43 autoimmune diseases were collected from the Swedish Inpatient Register from 1987 to 2018, and cancer data were derived from the national cancer registry from 1997 onward. Relative risks were expressed as standardized incidence ratios (SIRs).

Results

In a population of 13.6 million, 1.1 million autoimmune diseases were diagnosed and subsequent hepatobiliary cancer was diagnosed in 3191 patients (17.2% of cancers). SIRs for HCC were 2.73 (men) and 2.86 (women), 3.74/1.96 for iCCA, 2.65/1.37 for GBC, 2.38/1.64 for eCCA, and 1.80/1.85 for ampullary cancer. Significant associations between autoimmune disease and HCC were observed for 13 autoimmune diseases, with the highest risks being for autoimmune hepatitis (48.92/73.53, men/women) and primary biliary cirrhosis (38.03/54.48). GBC was increased after six autoimmune diseases, with high SIRs for ulcerative colitis (12.22/3.24) and men with Crohn disease (9.16). These autoimmune diseases were also associated with a high risk of iCCA, which had seven other associations, and eCCA, which had five other associations. Ampullary cancer occurrence was increased after four autoimmune diseases.

Conclusion

An autoimmune disease is a common precursor condition for hepatobiliary cancers. This calls for careful control of autoimmune disease symptoms in each patient and encouragement to practice a healthy lifestyle.
Diversity in Clinical Pharmacology: A Call to Action
Authors: Brown Karen , Etrouth Shravani , Jayachandran Priya , Moore Jason , Oni‐Orisan Akinyemi , Vasist Lakshmi , Zheng Songmao , Zhou Zhu , Dresser Mark
Published: January 2023

Prioritization of diversity, equity, and inclusion in all facets of our work is long overdue for the clinical pharmacology community. Increasing diversity in clinical research will deepen our understanding of nuanced patient populations and help improve all patient outcomes. Fostering an inclusive and diverse workforce will lead to broader perspectives that can better inform critical decisions and create work environments where everyone can thrive. In this call to action, we invite you to join us.
In Situ Mineralization of Biomass‐Derived Hydrogels Boosts Capacitive Electrochemical Energy Storage in Free‐Standing 3D Carbon Aerogels
Authors: Achazhiyath Edathil Anjali , Rezaei Babak , Almdal Kristoffer , Keller Stephan Sylvest
Published: January 2023

Here, a novel fabrication method for making free‐standing 3D hierarchical porous carbon aerogels from molecularly engineered biomass‐derived hydrogels is presented. In situ formed flower‐like CaCO3 molecularly embedded within the hydrogel network regulated the pore structure during in situ mineralization assisted one‐step activation graphitization (iMAG), while the intrinsic structural integrity of the carbon aerogels was maintained. The homogenously distributed minerals simultaneously acted as a hard template, activating agent, and graphitization catalyst. The decomposition of the homogenously distributed CaCO3 during iMAG followed by the etching of residual CaO through a mild acid washing endowed a robust carbon aerogel with high porosity and excellent electrochemical performance. At 0.5 mA cm−2, the gravimetric capacitance increased from 0.01 F g−1 without mineralization to 322 F g−1 with iMAG, which exceeds values reported for any other free‐standing or powder‐based biomass‐derived carbon electrodes. An outstanding cycling stability of ~104% after 1000 cycles in 1 M HClO4 was demonstrated. The assembled symmetric supercapacitor device delivered a high specific capacitance of 376 F g−1 and a high energy density of 26 W h kg−1 at a power density of 4000 W kg−1, with excellent cycling performance (98.5% retention after 2000 cycles). In combination with the proposed 3D printed mold‐assisted solution casting (3DMASC), iMAG allows for the generation of free‐standing carbon aerogel architectures with arbitrary shapes. Furthermore, the novel method introduces flexibility in constructing free‐standing carbon aerogels from any ionically cross‐linkable biopolymer while maintaining the ability to tailor the design, dimensions, and pore size distribution for specific energy storage applications.
Maternal candidate gene variants, epigenetic factors, and susceptibility to idiopathic recurrent pregnancy loss: A systematic review
Authors: Kaur Mandeep , Kaur Rajinder , Chhabra Kiran , Khetarpal Preeti
Published: January 2023

Background

Recurrent pregnancy loss is defined as the loss of two or more pregnancies and is a distressing condition for couples.

Objective

To investigate the relationship between variants in the candidate susceptibility genes and epigenetic factors to identify risk factors for idiopathic recurrent pregnancy loss (iRPL).

Search Strategy

A systematic literature search was performed using PubMed, Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, and Scopus databases. Insilico analysis was carried out using ShinyGO and STRING software.

Selection Criteria

Research papers examining the association between variations in genetic and epigenetic factors and iRPL.

Data Collection and Analysis

Data were independently extracted by two authors.

Main Results

In total, 83 research papers were finally selected for the present study. Among all the genes involved in the pathogenesis of recurrent pregnancy loss, polymorphisms in IL superfamily genes, VEGF, ESR, and MTHFR were the most investigated.

Conclusion

Polymorphisms in angiogenesis, immune tolerance, and thrombophilia pathway genes, which occur independently or synergistically, may lead to various complications during fetal development. Identification of multi‐allele risk variants and epigenetic factors in women will be helpful in the identification of high‐risk pregnancies.

Prospero Registration Number

Prospero CRD42021287315.
Establishment of national diagnostic reference levels as guidelines for computed tomography radiation in Jordan
Authors: Al Ewaidat Haytham , Balawi Sara , Bataineh Ziad , Al‐Dwairi Ahmed , Al‐Khalily Majd , Azez Khalaf Abdel , Almakhadmeh Ali
Published: January 2023

Computed tomography (CT) scan contributes to about 10% of the total medical radiographic examinations conducted worldwide. Noticeably, various studies have raised concern regarding the high radiation dose exposure of patients during this technique of imaging. The study assesses the dose of radiation to which patients undergoing different CT examinations in Jordanian hospitals are exposed and measures the national diagnostic reference levels (DRLs). This retrospective observational study of all CT examinations performed in almost 300 plus CT examination centers in Jordan. A random sample of the top 28 hospitals in Jordan was taken for the study, which was conducted between May 2019 and December 2020. We quantified the national DRL by calculating the 75th percentile and the percentage difference of volume CT dose index (CTDIv) and dose length product (DLP) for both pediatric and adult populations and different CT examinations, including brain, sinus, chest, abdomen & pelvis, knee, neck, lumbar‐spine, cervical‐spine, and shoulder. A total of 242 pediatric patients and 304 adult patients underwent various CT examinations during the study period. The national DRLs (the 75th percentiles of CTDIv and DLP) for the pediatric population were highest for the brain (81 mGy and 1425 mGy.cm, respectively) and lowest for the shoulder (7 mGy and 181 mGy.cm, respectively). Similarly, the 75th percentiles of CTDIv for the adults were highest for the brain examination (68 mGy) and lowest for the shoulder (8 mGy). The national DRLs for CT scans conducted in Jordan hospitals were found to be higher than those quantified in other countries, with larger CTDIv and DLP variations.
Can hyper/hypo‐osmoregulating fiddler crabs from the Atlantic coast of South America mobilize intracellular free amino acids as osmotic effectors during salinity challenge?
Authors: Faria Samuel Coelho , McNamara John Campbell
Published: January 2023

Weakly osmoregulating crustaceans use intracellular free amino acids (FAA) to attenuate cell volume changes consequent to alterations in hemolymph osmolality. Whether semiterrestrial, strong hyper/hypo‐osmoregulators exhibit this ability is unknown. We investigate FAA mobilization in muscle tissue of 10 fiddler crabs from the genera Minuca, Leptuca, and Uca distributed along the Atlantic coast of South America. Crabs were subjected to severe hypo‐ or hyper‐osmotic challenge at their lower or upper critical salinity limits for 5 days; reference crabs were held in isosmotic media. Hemolymph osmolality was measured, chela muscle FAA were identified and quantified, and percent contribution to intracellular osmolality (%FAA) was calculated. At isosmoticity, total FAA were nominally twofold higher in Minuca species (≈116 mmol/kg wet mass) compared to Uca (≈60 mmol/kg wet mass). Glycine, alanine, arginine, and taurine constituted >80% of the total FAA pool. On hyperosmotic challenge, hemolymph osmolalities ranged from 843 to 1282 mOsm/kg H2O. FAA increased, although %FAA remained unaltered. Hypo‐osmoregulating crabs thus can mobilize FAA, likely owing to a lesser ability to secrete salt near their upper critical limits. On hypo‐osmotic challenge, osmolalities were regulated more tightly, between 475 and 736 mOsm/kg H2O. Total FAA and %FAA showed little change, probably due to the crabs' strong hyper‐osmotic extracellular regulatory ability, FAA consequently playing a diminished role in isosmotic intracellular regulation (IIR). Total FAA responses to hyper/hypo‐osmotic challenge are thus asymmetrical. The lack of phylogenetic signal in FAA mobilization suggests that closely related fiddler crabs do not share similar strategies of IIR.
Paleoenvironmental changes in the Brazilian Pampa based on carbon and oxygen stable isotope analysis of Pleistocene camelid tooth enamel
Authors: Lopes Renato Pereira , Scherer Carolina Saldanha , Pereira Jamil Corrêa , Dillenburg Sérgio Rebello
Published: January 2023

Here we present paleoenvironmental and paleoclimatic reconstructions of the Brazilian Pampa based on stable isotopes (δ13C, δ18O) in tooth enamel of the Pleistocene camelidsLama guanicoeandHemiauchenia paradoxafrom the Chuy Creek fossil assemblage, including oneH. paradoxafrom a stratigraphic level within a loess unit deposited during the Last Glacial Maximum (26.5–19 ka b2k). The δ13C results show that both species fed mostly on C3 plants, although the mixed diets ofL. guanicoeincluded ~30% C4 or CAM plants.H.paradoxahad C3 diets with <10% C4 or CAM plants. Both species exhibit higher δ18O and aridity indexes compared to other mammals from the assemblage, consistent with ingestion of18O‐enriched water from plants growing in arid/semi‐arid conditions. A comparison with δ13C of camelids from Argentina indicates the camelids from Chuy Creek fed on vegetation similar to that of Dry Pampa, Monte and Patagonic xerophytic steppes. Aridification and expansion of dry steppes in southern Brazil suggest a climate‐driven northeastwards shift of the Arid Diagonal of South America that may have contributed to local extinction of the Pleistocene megafauna. These Lateglacial environmental changes are reflected in the characteristics of the plant and mammalian assemblages of the modern Brazilian Pampa.
Skin surface lipids photo‐oxidation: A vibrational spectroscopy study
Authors: Assi Ali , Michael‐Jubeli Rime , Jacques‐Jamin Carine , Duplan Hélène , Baillet‐Guffroy Arlette , Tfayli Ali
Published: January 2023

Skin surface lipid (SSL) film is a mixture of sebum and epidermal lipids protecting the skin from the effects of the environment such as solar radiation. SSLs are a suitable target and scavenger for all reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated in the skin. In the SSLs, vitamin E has been identified as one of the main antioxidants that can capture ROS. This paper is the third part of a global study that evaluates the effect of solar radiation on the lipid classes that constitute SSLs. In the first two parts, the effect of solar radiation on fatty acids and triglycerides was studied using vibrational spectroscopy. In this part, the effect on the other lipid classes such as squalene (SQ), cholesterol (Chol), and wax ester (WE) (Palmitoleyl Palmitate) was studied and then the behavior of vitamin E under solar radiation was monitored. Finally, SSLs were irradiated and analyzed using vibrational spectroscopy and HT‐GC/MS to respectively follow the oxidation process and to identify the first target of solar radiation in SSLs. When irradiated alone, SQ oxidation process was detectable only after 2430 J/cm2 dose. Similar observations were obtained for vitamin E (after 1620 J/cm2). No changes were observed on the cholesterol and on the wax ester (Palmitoleyl Palmitate). In contrast, when extracted human SSLs film was irradiated, the more marked modifications were observed on SQ. This confirmed the antioxidant role of SQ by scavenging free radicals generated from the oxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA).
Nasal alar reconstruction using the free auricular helix flap based on the flow‐through concept: Report of two cases
Authors: Takeishi Hakuba , Miyamoto Shimpei , Tomioka Yoko , Kanayama Koji , Okazaki Mutsumi
Published: January 2023

Nasal alar reconstruction with the free auricular helix flap is challenging because the flap is prone to congestion. We report two cases of successful nasal alar reconstruction using free auricular helix flaps utilizing the flow‐through concept. Case 1 was a 37‐year‐old man presented with a basal cell carcinoma in the nasal cavity. After radical excision, we transferred a 20 × 20 mm2 free flow‐through auricular helix flap by interposing the T‐portion of the superficial temporal artery of the flap to the transected facial artery. Case 2 was a 39‐year‐old man presented with neurofibromatosis type I and a nasal alar deformity after multiple excision of the neurofibroma. We corrected the deformity with a 26 × 22 mm2 free auricular helix flap. We used a flow‐through arterial graft of the descending branch of the lateral circumflex femoral artery to bridge the gap between the flap artery and the recipient facial artery of the submandibular region because an appropriate recipient artery was not available around the defect. Both of the flaps survived without vascular compromise and no donor‐site complication occurred. The esthetic results of the nasal ala were satisfactory. The flow‐through arterial anastomosis diverted the arterial flow to the peripheral side of the recipient artery and relieved flap congestion. These physiological properties of flow‐through anastomosis may stabilize the flap circulation and improve the success rate of free auricular helix flap transfer.
Defects‐related early childhood caries as hints of possible maternal–fetal health issues: Evidence from medieval northern Italy
Authors: Tesi Chiara , Ricci Stefano , Levrini Luca , Giorgetti Giovanna , Campagnolo Monica , Ciliberti Rosagemma , Fusco Roberta , Larentis Omar , Licata Marta
Published: January 2023

Developmental defects of enamel (DDE) are important markers of stress as they arise from the disruption of ameloblastic activity during enamel matrix secretion and mineralization. Defects on the crowns of the deciduous dentition provide insights into maternal–fetal health because they can emerge during intrauterine development as a result of gestational issues. The presence of previous defective enamel represents one of the most predisposing causes of caries development. Thus, circular caries on the deciduous dentition are considered an indicator of stress because of their ascertained relation with dental enamel defects. In bioarchaeological analysis, these lesions allow us to deepen the question of maternal–fetal health issues in the ancient period. Here, we present evidence of defects‐related early childhood caries in three infants from a medieval cemetery in northern Italy. The findings in the dentitions of the three subjects were investigated with a multi‐analytical approach, including macroscopic examination, microscopic observation, cone‐beam computed tomography (CBCT), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and histological sections. In the specimens analyzed, the lesions observed in the dentitions appeared to have arisen during the fetal period and then protracted in the postnatal life, suggesting the implication of in utero environment and maternal health in the etiology of defects.
Updated Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Guidelines on Opioid Prescribing: What Should Surgeons Know?
Authors: Cramer John D. , Anne Samantha , Brenner Michael J.
Published: January 2023

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recently published a 2022 guideline on opioid prescribing for acute, subacute, and chronic pain. This information is relevant to surgeons because many patients receive their first opioid prescription after surgery. When prescribing opioids, surgeons walk the line between benefit and harm. Many of the CDC recommendations mirror the AAO‐HNS Clinical Practice Guideline: Opioid Prescribing for Analgesia After Common Otolaryngology Operations. For example, opioids are not recommended as first‐line therapy for acute pain from otolaryngology—head, and neck surgery procedures. New insights include safeguards and strategies to mitigate the risk of complications in patients with chronic pain undergoing surgical procedures. Consultation with a pain specialist should be considered for patients transitioning from acute to chronic pain, cognizant of the risks of abrupt discontinuation of opioids in patients with opioid use disorder. This article summarizes key considerations for providing individualized, evidence‐based perioperative pain management.
Living with rodent pests: Unifying stakeholder interests to prioritise pest management in rural Madagascar
Authors: Scobie Kathryn , Lambin Xavier , Telfer Sandra , Rasahivelo Mendrika Fenohasina , Raheliarison Rova Nandrianina , Rajerison Minoarisoa , Young Juliette
Published: January 2023

Rodent pests can have major social, economic, and environmental impacts. Their management, therefore, represents a complex socio‐ecological problem involving a network of stakeholders from across different sectors, with diverging and sometimes competing interests. Failure to incorporate stakeholder interests can result in ineffective or unsustainable management programmes, with unintended negative consequences for people and nature.

Participatory approaches to decision‐making have been proposed as suitable strategies to tackle complex problems, yet, these processes are often considered too difficult, costly, or time‐consuming to implement.

To facilitate a participatory approach to rodent control in Madagascar, we identified and mapped key stakeholders and developed a multisector framework for guiding rodent management programmes based on current literature and expert recommendations. We then carried out interviews and focus groups with stakeholders and end‐users to validate the final framework.

The final framework unifies stakeholder interests around the dimensions of People, Resources, Knowledge and Power. Combined application of the stakeholder map and framework provides decision‐makers with the tools to identify stakeholder interests; to explore areas of conflict, as well as areas of agreement; and to ensure that these are addressed within the design of control programmes. As an assessment tool, the framework can also be used to evaluate the responsiveness of programmes to the needs of different stakeholders and assess whether objectives are being reached.

We recommend the application of the stakeholder map and framework to encourage and strengthen participatory approaches aimed at rodent pest control. Due to the inclusive and interdisciplinary nature of the framework, it can be applied to address numerous complex social, environmental, and economic issues across scales, sectors, and systems.

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
Mechanistically modeling peripheral cytokine dynamics following bispecific dosing in solid tumors
Authors: Weddell Jared
Published: January 2023

Bispecific antibodies exhibit proven clinical benefit, and many bispecifics are currently in clinical development for oncology. Cytokine release syndrome (CRS) is a common clinical adverse effect observed following CD3‐based bispecific dosing. However, the pathophysiology of CRS is not fully understood, and no computational model mechanistically describing clinical cytokine dynamics following bispecific dosing in solid tumors exists. Here, a quantitative systems pharmacology (QSP) model describing peripheral clinical cytokine dynamics following bispecific dosing in solid tumors is presented. Using tebentafusp as a case study, a CD3‐bispecific approved for uveal melanoma, the model successfully captures the dynamics of five cytokines. The QSP model was shown to predict observed phenomena, such as cytokine maximum concentration suppression using step‐up dosing regimens and the importance of on‐target off‐tumor binding toward CRS and toxicity. Furthermore, the QSP model provides rationale for these biological phenomena based on dynamics of immune cell activation and desensitization in tumors and healthy tissues. Overall, the QSP model structure presented here serves as a basis to infer cytokine dynamics for other CD3‐based bispecifics or tumor types by altering model parameters to capture the scenario of interest, supporting applications including dose selection, candidate nomination, and disease area selection.
Once‐ versus multiple‐daily dosing of clozapine
Authors: Lam Y. W. Francis
Published: January 2023

Although clozapine is widely used in patients with treatment‐resistant schizophrenia, there remains relatively little agreement on the comparative effectiveness of once‐ versus multiple‐daily dosing (Kikuchi, et al., 2021; Kitagawa et al., 2022). While the relatively short elimination half‐life of clozapine would seem to favor a multiple‐daily dosing regimen, once‐daily dosing would encourage medication adherence.
Treating stimulant use disorders: still searching for signals
Authors: Price Lawrence H.
Published: January 2023

“You can't judge a book by its cover.” Most of us first hear something along these lines during childhood, as the recipients of generally unrequested advice from an adult whom we experience as condescending. I was reminded of the admonition in thinking about the study covered as this month's lead article, which I had initially passed by after glancing only at its title: “Association of pharmacological treatments and hospitalization and death in individuals with amphetamine use disorders in a Swedish nationwide cohort of 13,965 patients.” I mistakenly thought the focus was on risk factors affecting the outcomes of people with substance use disorders (SUDs) — a manifestly important issue, but one that we do not generally address in the Update. I looked more closely at the article after recognizing several of the authors, Heikkinen and colleagues (2022), and reflecting on its publication in one of our most prestigious journals, JAMA Psychiatry.
Seizing the moment—Strategy, social entrepreneurship, and the pursuit of impact
Authors: Williams Trenton Alma , Nason Robert , Wolfe Marcus T. , Short Jeremy C.
Published: January 2023

Research Summary

Social entrepreneurship continues to grow as an impactful phenomenon in the world and as a rich stream of research. Given this exciting growth, there is value in proactively exploring how social entrepreneurship scholarship can thrive and “seize the moment” as it matures. This special issue solicited papers at the intersection of strategy and social entrepreneurship in hopes of providing a road map for future scholarship. This editorial introduces and integrates the special issue paper contributions across three emergent themes: (1) diverse actor characteristics, (2) competing environmental factors, and (3) heterogeneous outcomes. We organize a research agenda that extends from the special issue, which we hope will motivate a new wave of research that derives benefits from the integration of strategy and social entrepreneurship scholarship.

Managerial Summary

Social entrepreneurship is increasingly common as business leaders seek to integrate social and/or environmental objectives into its economic activities. With this growth comes the need to examine how social entrepreneurs strategically manage the intertwining of social and economic activities. The papers in this special issue make progress in this regard, examining how differences in actors involved in social entrepreneurship and the environments in which they operate shape social/economic outcomes. The papers in this special issue make important progress in bringing strategy concepts to bear, and lay the groundwork for future research that helps better explain how, why, and to what degree social entrepreneurs have a positive impact. This special issue thus offers insights for researchers, policymakers, educators, and entrepreneurs about how to sustain impactful social/environmental activities over time.
Versatile Electronic Textile Enabled by a Mixed‐Dimensional Assembly Strategy
Authors: Zheng Xianhong , Cao Wentao , Hong Xinghua , Zou Lihua , Liu Zhi , Wang Peng , Li Changlong
Published: January 2023

Electronic textiles (e‐textiles) hold great promise for serving as next‐generation wearable electronics owing to their inherent flexible, air‐permeable, and lightweight characteristics. However, these e‐textiles are of limited performance mainly because of lacking powerful materials combination. Herein, a versatile e‐textile through a simple, high‐efficiency mixed‐dimensional assembly of 2D MXene nanosheets and 1D silver nanowires (AgNWs) are presented. The effective complementary actions of MXene and AgNWs endow the e‐textiles with superior integrated performances including self‐powered pressure sensing, ultrafast joule heating, and highly efficient electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding. The textile‐based self‐powered smart sensor systems obtained through the screen‐printed assembly of MXene‐based supercapacitor and pressure sensor are flexible and lightweight, showing ultrahigh specific capacitance (2390 mF cm−2), robust areal energy density (119.5 µWh cm−2), excellent sensitivity (474.8 kPa−1), and low detection limit (1 Pa). Furthermore, the interconnected conductive MXene/AgNWs network enables the e‐textile with ultrafast temperature response (10.4 °C s−1) and outstanding EMI shielding effectiveness of ≈66.4 dB. Therefore, the proposed mixed‐dimensional assembly design creates a multifunctional e‐textile that offers a practical paradigm for next‐generation smart flexible electronics.
Noncrystalline Carbon Anodes for Advanced Sodium‐Ion Storage
Authors: Han Xu , Zhou Shuhao , Liu Huan , Leng Huitao , Li Sheng , Qiu Jingxia , Huo Fengwei
Published: January 2023

Developing an anode with excellent rate performance, long‐cycle stability, high coulombic efficiency, and high specific capacity is one of the key research directions of sodium‐ion batteries. Among all the anode materials, noncrystalline carbon (NCC) has great possibilities according to its supreme performance and low cost, but with the complexity and variability of the structure. With the in‐depth study of the sodium storage behaviors of NCC in recent years, three modes of interlayer intercalation, clustering into micropores, and adsorption are reported and summarized. Although the storage mechanism has gradually become more evident, the complex behavior of the ions at different voltage regions, especially in the low‐voltage (plateau) region, still remains controversial. It is essential to understand further the relationship between ions and NCC structure during energy storage processes. Based on the summary of previous works, this article has reviewed the storage mechanism of sodium ions in NCC and evaluated the structure–behavior relationship between sodium‐ion storage and the carbon structure.
Mine blast‐induced ground motion response reduction using semi‐active devices
Authors: Ghaffari Amir Hossein , Ghaffarzadeh Hosein
Published: January 2023

The aim of this paper is reducing the responses of structures under the mine blast‐induced ground motion by using semi‐active tools. In other words, the objective of this study is to provide a method to reduce the destructive effects of underground mine‐blast excitation. Investigating the behavior of structures under the mine blast excitation is essential because some buildings are subjected to the blast load of mines due to the rapid urbanization in different regions. Also, the importance of studying this excitation, based on the distinctive nature of mine blast‐induced underground motion, becomes more apparent. For proper investigation and comparison of responses, a seismic excitation is considered. To reduce the responses of two proposed shear structures, magnetorheological (MR) and orifice dampers are utilized. The optimum location for these dampers is investigated. To generate the optimal force each time step the clipped‐optimal algorithm is used based on the input force. The control force can be changed by adjusting the input voltage and magnetic field of dampers. In this research, structural responses based on optimal and maximum voltage are scrutinized. The results indicated that the proposed method is appropriate for reducing the responses of structures under the mine blast‐induced ground motion and seismic excitation.
Analysis of a Neural Population Model for Interaction of LFP and Individual Action Potential
Authors: Noyama Hiroki , Yoshikai Yuto , Bin Li , Iguchi Ryuki , Kotani Kiyoshi , Jimbo Yasuhiko
Published: January 2023

The brain encodes various information through the interaction between macro‐scale phenomena such as Local Field Potential and micro‐scale phenomena such as individual neuron action potential time series. However, the interaction between micro‐ and macro‐scale phenomena that affects episodic memory remains unexplained. We propose a new mathematical framework to predict the parameter conditions under which theta phase precession occurs by constructing models that reproduce the micro‐ and macro‐scale phenomena separately and deriving their phase equations. It was found that phase locking or phase shift between the micro‐scale phase and the macro‐scale phase can reproduce different storage schemes. © 2023 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Introduction
Authors: Sheikh Haroon , Prins Corien , Schrijvers Erik
Published: January 2023

This report, published by the Scientific Council for Government Policy (WRR), has been written entirely by humans. Likewise, we expect that advisory reports like this one will continue to be written by humans. The same applies to the larger part of journalism, despite what the introductory quote might suggest. In fact, it later became apparent that humans had indeed written much of the article that opened with these words, which appeared in The Guardian on 8 September 2020. Nevertheless, the stir caused by the article made one thing clear: artificial intelligence (AI) is now front-page news.
Demystification
Authors: Sheikh Haroon , Prins Corien , Schrijvers Erik
Published: January 2023

The first overarching societal task we address is demystification. This is all about public perceptions of new technologies. System technologies appeal particularly to the imagination, because their wide range of applications and generic nature confer a certain intangible quality. In Chap. 4 we discussed the risk that this might trigger overblown expectations and inordinate fears, effects that can make harder for a technology to integrate into society. Demystification helps counterbalance unrealistic perceptions technologies like AI and – particularly importantly – ensures that people do not lose sight of genuine opportunities and risks. As such, it enhances the quality of the AI debate by effectuating a shift from captivating perceptions to issues that merit attention.
Regulation
Authors: Sheikh Haroon , Prins Corien , Schrijvers Erik
Published: January 2023

Embedding or integrating AI into society depends on the existence of frameworks, and therefore regulation. Now that the technology is making the transition from the lab to society, its effects on the economy and the society are subject to widespread scrutiny. This has led to debate about the nature of the regulatory measures needed to ensure that AI is properly embedded in society and government processes.
Sine Cosine Algorithm for Multi-objective Optimization
Authors: Bansal Jagdish Chand , Bajpai Prathu , Rawat Anjali , Nagar Atulya K.
Published: January 2023

In many real-world situations, we have to deal with multiple objectives simultaneously in order to make appropriate decisions. The presence of multiple objectives in an optimization problem makes the problem challenging because most of the time these objectives are conflicting in nature. For example, we may want to maximize the return on investment of a portfolio and, on the other hand, minimize the risk associated with the assets in the portfolio. We may want to minimize the cost of a product while maximizing the performance of that particular product. Similarly, there are situations where we may want to maximize more than one objective at a time and minimize multiple objectives for a given optimization problem. For instance, a product manager in an XYZ mobile manufacturing company is supervising the launch of a new smartphone in the market. He/she will have to consider many features and configurations of the smartphone before launching. He/she might have to consider features like the screen resolution, size of the screen, thickness of the phone, camera resolution, battery life, operating system, and even aesthetics of the product. On the other hand, he/she might also want to minimize the amount of labor, time of production, and overall cost associated with the project. He/she knows that the objectives, in this case, are conflicting, and simultaneously achieving every objective in not possible. The solution to this dilemma is to look for some trade-off solutions so that the main motive of the problem can be served.
Excretion kinetics of 1,3-dichlorobenzene and its urinary metabolites after controlled airborne exposure in human volunteers
Authors: Schettgen T. , Bertram J. , Krabbe J. , Christoforou R. , Schweiker M. , Esser A. , Möller M. , Ziegler P. , Kraus T.
Published: January 2023

The solvent 1,3-dichlorobenzene (1,3-DCB) is formed during thermal decomposition of the initiator 2,4-dichlorobenzoylperoxide in the production of silicone rubber with potential exposure of production workers as shown in previous works. Despite a threshold limit value (MAK value) of 2 ppm in air, there are currently no data about the corresponding internal exposure that would allow for the derivation of a biological limit value. In the present study, we have investigated the absorption of 1,3-DCB and urinary kinetics of its metabolites in 10 human volunteers after controlled inhalative exposure. Due to the strong odour of 1,3-DCB, a subjective evaluation of odour nuisance was also performed. Ten male human volunteers (23–36 yrs.) were exposed 6 h/day to a concentration of 0.7 ppm and 1.5 ppm in the Aachen workplace simulation laboratory (AWSL) with one week between each experiment. In order to investigate potential dermal absorption, the volunteers were exposed to 1.5 ppm wearing a suitable filter mask that prevented inhalative exposure in a third exposure. 1,3-DCB in blood was measured after 3 and 6 h exposure and the urinary metabolites 3,5-dichlorocatechol (3,5-DCC), 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP) and 3,5-dichlorophenol (3,5-DCP) were measured over 24 h after exposure via LC/MS/MS. There were clear dose–response relations for all investigated parameters. The maximum excretion of the metabolites was reached at the end of exposure and corresponded to 5.2 ± 0.7 mg/g crea, 1.5 ± 0.35 mg/g crea and 0.07 ± 0.011 mg/g crea at 0.7 ppm and to 12.0 ± 3 mg/g crea, 3.5 ± 1.1 mg/g crea and 0.17 ± 0.05 mg/g crea at 1.5 ppm for 3,5-DCC, 2,4-DCP and 3,5-DCP, respectively. The use of filter masks decreased the internal exposure for about 85–90%, indicating substantial dermal absorption. Odour perception did not show a dose–response, probably due to fast olfactory adaption. The human study presented here provides an excellent basis for deriving a biological limit value for 1,3-DCB.