bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Muslim, Trader, Nomad, Spy
Authors: Khan Sulmaan
Published: January 2016

In 1959, the Dalai Lama fled Lhasa, leaving the People's Republic of China with a crisis on its Tibetan frontier. This book tells the story of the PRC's response to that crisis and, in doing so, brings to life an extraordinary cast of characters: Chinese diplomats appalled by sky burials, Guomindang spies working with Tibetans in Nepal, traders carrying salt across the Himalayas, and Tibetan Muslims rioting in Lhasa. Moving from capital cities to far-flung mountain villages, from top diplomats to nomads crossing disputed boundaries in search of pasture, this book shows Cold War China as it has never been seen before and reveals the deep influence of the Tibetan crisis on the political fabric of present-day China.
Hotel Life
Authors: Levander Caroline , Guterl Matthew
Published: January 2016

What is a hotel? As this book shows, even though hotels are everywhere around us, we rarely consider their essential role in our modern existence and how they help frame our sense of who and what we are. They are, in fact, as centrally important as other powerful places like prisons, hospitals, or universities. Guiding readers through the story of hotels as places of troublesome possibility, as mazelike physical buildings, as inspirational touchstones for art and literature, and as unsettling, even disturbing, backdrops for the drama of everyday life, this text examines the hotel from a unique perspective.
Deng Xiaoping's Long War
Authors: Zhang Xiaoming
Published: January 2016

The surprise Chinese invasion of Vietnam in 1979 shocked the international community. The two communist nations had seemed firm political and cultural allies, but the twenty-nine-day border war imposed heavy casualties, ruined urban and agricultural infrastructure, leveled three Vietnamese cities, and catalyzed a decade-long conflict. This book traces the roots of the conflict to the historic relationship between the peoples of China and Vietnam, the ongoing Sino-Soviet dispute, and Chinese leader Deng Xiaoping's desire to modernize his country. The book takes readers into the heart of Beijing's decision-making process and illustrates the war's importance for understanding the modern Chinese military, as well as China's role in the Asian-Pacific world today.
Rethinking Slave Rebellion in Cuba
Authors: Finch Aisha K.
Published: January 2016

This book publishes innovative works in Cuban studies, drawn from diverse subjects and disciplines in the humanities and social sciences, from the colonial period through the post-Cold War era. Featuring scholarship engaged with theoretical approaches and interpretive frameworks informed by social, cultural, and intellectual perspectives, the series highlights the exploration of historical and cultural circumstances and conditions related to the development of Cuban self-definition and national identity.
Chained in Silence
Authors: LeFlouria Talitha L.
Published: January 2016

In 1868, the state of Georgia began to make its rapidly growing population of prisoners available for hire. The resulting convict leasing system ensnared not only men but also African-American women, who were forced to labor in camps and factories to make profits for private investors. This book draws from a rich array of primary sources to piece together the stories of these women, recounting what they endured in Georgia's prison system and what their labor accomplished.
Lincoln's Autocrat
Authors: Marvel William
Published: January 2016

Edwin M. Stanton (1814–1869), one of the nineteenth century's most impressive legal and political minds, wielded enormous influence and power as Abraham Lincoln's Secretary of War during most of the Civil War and under Andrew Johnson during the early years of Reconstruction. This biography offers a detailed reexamination of Stanton's life, career, and legacy. The text argues that while Stanton was a formidable advocate and politician, his character was hardly benign. Climbing from a difficult youth to the pinnacle of power, Stanton used his authority—and the public coffers—to pursue political vendettas, and he exercised sweeping wartime powers with a cavalier disregard for civil liberties.
Born to Be Wild
Authors: McBee Randy D.
Published: January 2016

In 1947, 4,000 motorcycle hobbyists converged on Hollister, California. As images of dissolute bikers graced the pages of newspapers and magazines, the three-day gathering sparked the growth of a new subculture while also touching off national alarm. In the years that followed, the stereotypical leather-clad biker emerged in the American consciousness as a menace to law-abiding motorists and small towns. Yet a few short decades later, the motorcyclist, once menacing, became mainstream. To understand this shift, this book narrates the evolution of motorcycle culture since World War II.
Healthcare Access and Utilization among Korean Americans: The Mediating Role of English Use and Proficiency
Authors: Li Jiang , Maxwell Annette E. , Glenn Beth A. , Herrmann Alison K. , Chang L Cindy , Crespi Catherine M. , Bastani Roshan
Published: January 2016

The literature suggests that Korean Americans underutilize health services. Cultural factors and language barriers appear to influence this pattern of low utilization but studies on the relationships among length of stay in the US, English use and proficiency, and utilization of health services among Korean Americans have yielded inconsistent results. This study examines whether English language use and proficiency plays a mediating role in the relationships between length of stay in the US and health insurance coverage, access to and use of care. Structural equation modeling was used for mediation analysis with multiple dependent variables among Korean Americans (N= 555) using baseline data from a large trial designed to increase Hepatitis B testing. The results show 36% of the total effect of proportion of lifetime in the US on having health insurance was significantly mediated by English use and proficiency (indirect effect =0.166, SE= 0.07, p<.05; direct effect=0.296, SE= 0.13, p<.05). Proportion of lifetime in the US was not associated with usual source of care and health service utilization. Instead, health care utilization was primarily driven by having health insurance and a usual source of care, further underscoring the importance of these factors. A focus on increasing English use and proficiency and insurance coverage among older, female, less educated Korean Americans has the potential to mitigate health disparities associated with reduced access to health services in this population.
Scottish Utopian Fiction and the Invocation of God
Authors: Baker Timothy C.
Published: January 2016

Explicitly utopian novels are relatively uncommon in twentieth-century Scottish fiction, perhaps due to a prevailing conception of Scottish literature as inherently peripheral; for many critics and authors, Scotland is already a place outside the mainstream of political and historical narrative. Utopian themes and imagery, however, have frequently been used by Scottish writers to address the role of religious experience in contemporary life. In novels by Robin Jenkins, Neil M. Gunn, Alasdair Gray, and Iain M. Banks, the utopian form presents the possibility of abandoning traditional religious practices in favor of direct discourse with the divine. Even as they appear to repudiate organized religion, these novels also demonstrate the continued relevance of God and myth. Whether in outright science fiction such as Banks’s Culture series and portions of Gray’s “Lanark,” classical utopias such as Gunn’s “The Green Isle of the Great Deep,” or ostensibly realist novels such as Jenkins’s “The Missionaries,” utopian imagery is used to examine what role the divine might have in a secular society. These Scottish utopias offer a place to discuss the relationships between individuals, communities, and nations and how these relationships are reconstituted in a modernity where God is known only as absence.
Rites of Mobility and Epidemic Control: Ebola Virus Disease in the Mano River Basin
Authors: Onoma Ato Kwamena
Published: January 2016

When understood as an embedded practice in the Mano River Basin, the issue of mobility need not threaten Ebola Virus Disease epidemic control efforts. Rites of mobility in the Mano River Basin ensure that migrants are often enmeshed in circuits of knowledge and compliance that have important implications for epidemic control. Local hosts, with whom migrants frequently have very intimate relations, often know a lot about their migrant guests and can exercise significant influence over them. If properly engaged by public health officials, these hosts could offer significant leverage in mapping geographies of transmission as well as in promoting compliance with epidemic control measures.
Self-Objectification and the Use of Body Image Coping Strategies: The Role of Shame in Highly Physically Active Women
Authors: Bailey K. Alysse , Lamarch Larkin , Gammage Kimberley L. , Sullivan Philip J.
Published: January 2016

We investigated the mediating role of body shame in the relationship between self-objectification and body image coping strategies in highly physically active university women. bivariate correlations revealed body shame was positively related to self- objectification, appearance fixing, and avoidance coping but unrelated to positive rational acceptance. in addition, self- objectification was positively related to appearance fixing and avoidance coping but unrelated to positive rational acceptance. Mediation analyses showed that body shame partially mediated the relationship between self-objectification and avoidance and appearance fixing coping but did not mediate the relationship between self-objectification and positive rational acceptance. future research should examine other potential mediators or moderators in this relationship and explore the role of positive body image framed within self-objectification theory.
Generating Formulas of Transition Metal Carbonyl Clusters of Osmium, Rhodium and Rhenium
Authors: Kiremire Enos Masheija Rwantale
Published: January 2016

The series for carbonyl clusters of transition metals have been developed. They may be considered to be formed with a fragment centered around the 14 electron valence content. The capping series are based on the fragment of 12 electron valence content. The formulas of clusters can be decomposed into series from which the shapes of clusters may be predicted. The electron counting numbers of carbonyl clusters can be identified.
Unusual underground Capping Carbonyl Clusters of Palladium
Authors: Kiremire Enos Masheija Rwantale
Published: January 2016

Transition metal carbonyls form unlike boranes a wide range of clusters. High nuclearity carbonyl clusters have a tendency to form capped clusters. Using the method of series explained in this paper, many capped carbonyl clusters have been identified for group 7, 8, 9 and 10 transition metals such as rhenium, osmium, rhodium and palladium. The series have discovered that palladium form exclusively capped carbonyl clusters. Furthermore, it has been discovered that some of the capped clusters have negative nuclear closo function. Such carbonyls have been regarded as capping underground. This paper presents the unique characteristic of high nuclearity capping carbonyl clusters of palladium.
Ideology and Its Ethics: Maria Da̧browska's Jewish (and Polish) Problem
Authors: Brenner Rachel Feldhay
Published: January 2016

This article is part of a project that examines Polish writers' diaristic responses to the Warsaw ghetto and to the Holocaust in general. Rachel Feldhay Brenner examines Maria Da̧browska's response in the context of her prewar attitude to Polish Jews, which was shaped by her nationalistic ideology of Poland's messianic position among the nations. Although Da̧browska publicly denounced Endecja and its antisemitism, in private she cultivated a powerful sense of ressentiment toward the Jews, seeing Jews as outsiders who stood in the way of Poland realizing its special mission. This attitude persisted during the Holocaust and explains Da̧browska's emotional disengagement in the face of Jewish extermination. In the postwar years, her resentment became more pronounced, as even Jewish suffering in the Holocaust became an object of competition and envy. Da̧browska's response to the Holocaust offers a poignant example of the impact of ideological beliefs on emotional and ethical aspects of human interaction.
“How Well Do You Know YourKrai?” TheKraevedenieRevival and Patriotic Politics in Late Khrushchev-Era Russia
Authors: Donovan Victoria
Published: January 2016

This article examines the state-sponsored rise of local patriotism in the post- 1961 period, interpreting it as part of the effort to strengthen popular support for and the legitimacy of the Soviet regime during the second phase of de- Stalinization. It shifts the analytical focus away from the Secret Speech of 1956, the time of Nikita Khrushchev's full-scale assault on Iosif Stalin and his legacy, to the Twenty-Second Party Congress of 1961, the inauguration of a Utopian and pioneering plan to build communism by 1980. I consider how this famously forward-looking program gave rise to an institutionalized retrospectivism, as Soviet policymakers turned to the past to mobilize popular support for socialist construction. I examine how this process played out in the Russian northwest, where Soviet citizens were encouraged to turn inward, to examine their local history and traditions, and to reread these through a socialist lens.
Dissent in the Wirtschaftswunder: Historical Memory and the German Student Movement
Authors: Walker Alec
Published: January 2016

This paper deals with the West German student movement, which, like most student movements, was active in the 1960s and focused primarily on social issues. It attempts to interpret the critiques levied by the movement in relation to those events and thoughts which precededit.The author argues that there was a distinct rhetorical and philosophical connection betweeen the 68er-Bewegung and the critical theory of the Frankfurt School. This connection shapd the methods and goals of the student movement, which sought to integrate a process of comign to terms with the realities of Germany's fascist, anti-democratic past into the German mindset following the rich period of remarkable postwar economic development. These methods and influences, which are called "critical historical memory," are then argued to have been developed so as to bring to light the continued presence of fascistic tendencies in contemporary German politics, with the hope of coming to terms with the recent past.
A Biological "Arms Race": APOBEC3F Diversity and its Influence on Lentiviral Resistance
Authors: Tank Allyson
Published: January 2016

Restriction factors are implemented in long-term evolutionary "arms races," in which viral antagonists drive the evolution of host proteins, and vice versa. Consequently, restriction factors are remarkably variable, displaying polymorphism within species and divergence between species as a result of positive selection. This paper investigates diversity in the APOBEC3F (A3F) restriction factors of Old World primates in order to determine whether they display evidence of involvement in an evolutionary "arms race." We speculated that genetic variability in A3F could reflect evolutionary conflict with the VIF proteins of primate lentiviruses, which are known to enhance viral replication by binding and degrading host A3 proteins. A3Fs of several Old World primate species were genotyped, and the sequences revealed both intra-spcies diversity and inter-species divergence. Representative rhesus macaque (macaca mulatta) sequences were cloned and tested for sensitivity to VIFs from various simin immunodeficiency viruses (SIVs). Evolution of A3F in the rhesus lineage is not due to selection by SIVs, but may reflect antagonism by another retrovirus.
Bilingual Lexical Organization
Authors: McNamara Julie B.
Published: January 2016

This experiment studied lexical organization within bilinguals under the concept heading of color. This experiment was carried out using a computer program, the bilingual stroop task, which asked users to name the color of a word that was flashed on a computer screen, regardless of what the word itself said. It sought to compare varying amounts of interference time generated by the stroop effect across different categories of words: words that were color related and words that were not color related. It was found, however, that the mere presence of interference in relation to categories of words was not sufficient for explaining the psycholinguistic issues surrounding communication between the two languages of a bilingual, but rather the deeper study of amounts of interference with respect to each language was necessary.
Introducing Emotion: The Use of Emotion and Character in Presidential Speeches
Authors: Henderson Tim
Published: January 2016

This paper explores the relationship between truth and emotion in rhetoric with special focus on the opening moments of three speeches by American presidents. The first crucial moments of a speech are prime opportunities to appeal to the emotions of the audience, a practice which is arguably of dubious veracity. To counter this supposed fallacy, this paper explores three speeches where emotion is used truthfully and effectively. Given these results, the use of emotion in presidential rhetoric is seen to be not only permissible, but necessary to influencing one's audience.
Perilous Petrodollars: The Effects of Oil Wealth on Democratization
Authors: Cochrane Marisa
Published: January 2016

This paper examines the relationship between oil wealth and democratic reform. This relationship is especially problematic for states that were less developed prior to the discovery of oil. The large oil revenues of authoritarian rentier states, coupled with limited mechanisms for distributional accountability and political participation, ensure a difficult road ahead for democratic reforms in such countries. As long as global dependence on oil persists, the internal politics of oil-rich states will remain extremely important. Hence, it is necessary to understand the ways in which oil impedes democracy in order to look for viable solutions.
A Faith that Does Justice: Truth and Reconciliation Commissions in El Salvador and Guatemala
Authors: Schermerhorn Katie
Published: January 2016

After the first truth and reconciliation commission was implemented in South Africa, the model was applied to other war-torn regions and countries worldwide, including many Latin American countries such as El Salvador and Guatemala. As a political body centered in a Christian paradigm, a TRC aims to procure personal and collective healing. Yet, as a relatively new trend in conflict resolution, it merits further analysis and evaluation. By investigating the meaning of the terms justice, forgiveness, and reconciliation in both the religious and political contexts, the study can better name the goals and outcomes of political healing processes in the last decade. Aditionally, it is imperative to identify these strengths and weaknesses of past directives in order to avoid further "spurious reconciliation." If the truth alone proves insufficient, this essay attmpts to determine what then is the efficacy of future commissions.
Reminiscing and Daydreaming: Investigating the Similarities Between Episodic Memory Recall and Imagination
Authors: Fischer Kyle
Published: January 2016

The power of imagination has long been touted as a distinctive property of human cognition and remains a heated topic amongst philosophers, scientists, and daydreamers alike. Despite playing a critical role in the majority of humanity's finest achievements, little is known about how this faculty actually works. Recent findings from lesion patients point to the involvement of the hippocampus in imagining new scenarios. The hippocampus is historically associated with long-term memory consolidation, and memory models arising from new findings in the molecular pathways of memory allow for a more fluid transition between imagination and memory. Elizabeth Loftus' famous studies of false episodic memory recovery further demonstrate overlap between imagined and recalled events. Finally, an FMRI study is proposed to compare brain activity during both episodic memory recall and tasks that require imagination in order to pinpoint regions for further investigation.
Drips, Scratches, and Strokes: The New Language of Expressionism from Edvard Munch to Willem de Kooning
Authors: Turova Svetlana
Published: January 2016

Whether on oddly-shaped pillows, shrieking dolls, or basic coffee mugs, the emaciated protagonist with a gaping mouth and the swirling landscape of Edvard Munch's The Scream is one of today's most widespread images. Though Munch died just as abstract expressionism was being born, his emphasis on the highly personal and the unconscious through abstraction, brushwork, and intensely evocative colors link him closely to this important American art movement. Through the specific comparison of the oeuvre of Munch and the abstract expressionist Willem de Kooning, this essay will examine how and why the Norwegian painter became known as the "father of expressionism" in the history of art. The Scream is not central to this discussion, but instead will be looked at in conjunction with other early paintings and prints, such as The Sick Child and The Kiss. These works and others reveal Munch's artistics philosophy and technique and allow us to draw broader connections to future movements, neo-dadaism and expressionism among them.
Expanding Waistlines: A "Nutrition Transition" in China
Authors: Smith Kitsy
Published: January 2016

As China's coffers have swelled over the past three decades, its citizens' waistlines have also expanded. Western goods and lifestyles habits are consistently being imported into the Asian giant, including the obesity epidemic. Chinese children are particularly susceptible and future generations face tremendous health risks despite medical advances. States and international bodies such as the World Health Organization are alarmed at the damage obesity is already producing. The price tag to treat the health problems associated with obesity and the rsulting loss in economic productivity is staggering. While this essay uses China as a case study to examine the causes of obesity and its consequences, social and economic health, the grim reality is that this pattern is occurring worldwide as countries develop and their people adopt Western "nutritional" norms.
Guercino's Erminia: A Gifted Painting's Story of Italian Power Culture
Authors: Williamson Katherine
Published: January 2016

Amidst the decadence of baroque Rome, presenting romanitas (i.e. "Roman-ness") was essential to becoming part of the city's governing elite. Establishing art collections and picture gallaries was a means for ambitious families to display their socioeconomic status, sophistication, and worthiness to assume to role among the foremost Roman families. Like many Roman nobles in the seventeenth century, the Pamphili family amassed a collection, some of which survives in the Galleria Doria-Pamphili in Rome. Although the Pamphilis used the accumulation of art to drive their familial ambition, this family and their relation to the pontificate were unusual due the status of Donna Olimpia Maidalchini Pamphili, sister-in-law of Pope Innocent X. The self-appointed matriarch fashioned herself into a woman of influence, and was considered by some to be the real power behind the Pamphili papacy. The study of Guercino's Ermina Finds the Wounded Tancred, a painting from the Pamphili collection with ties to Donna Olimpia, sheds light upon the complexity of her powerful role in Rome and elucidates the role of art in the Baroque Period.
Escala de Reserva Cognitiva y envejecimiento
Authors: León Irene , García-García Juan , Roldán-Tapia Lola
Published: January 2016

The construct of cognitive reserve attempts to explain why some individuals with brain impairment, and some people during normal ageing, can solve cognitive tasks better than expected. This study aimed to estimate cognitive reserve in a healthy sample of people aged 65 years and over, with special attention to its influence on cognitive performance. For this purpose, it used the Cognitive Reserve Scale (CRS) and a neuropsychological battery that included tests of attention and memory. The results revealed that women obtained higher total CRS raw scores than men. Moreover, the CRS predicted the learning curve, short-term and long-term memory, but not attentional and working memory performance. Thus, the CRS offers a new proxy of cognitive reserve based on cognitively stimulating activities performed by healthy elderly people. Following an active lifestyle throughout life was associated with better intellectual performance and positive effects on relevant aspects of quality of life.
¿Son realmente tan buenos los nativos digitales? Relación entre las habilidades digitales y la lectura digital
Authors: Fajardo Inmaculada , Villalta Ester , Salmerón Ladislao
Published: January 2016

Digital reading literacy consists on the comprehension, use, reflection and enjoyment of written texts with the aim to fulfill our goals, to develop our knowledge and potential, and to participate in our society. Currently it is considered that “digital natives”, i.e. those students that have been raised surrounded by information technologies, poses the basic digital skills (such as using the mouse, the browser, …) required to develop digital reading skills. The present study tested this assumption, by means of a study in which students of 5th level of primary education and 3rd level of secondary education performed a series of digital reading tasks. In addition, students completed several objective tasks to measure their basic reading skills, and their printed reading comprehension. The results revealed that the groups assessed had difficulties in several basic digital skills, and that those skills are directly related to success rate in digital reading tasks. A regression analysis revealed that this relationship was independent of students’ printed reading skills, as well as of students’ navigation during the digital reading tasks. To conclude, we reflected on the need to consider the instruction of basic reading skills as part of the current efforts to improve digital reading literacy.
Adaptación del Inventario de la Triada Cognitiva Infantil en población española
Authors: Lozano Luis M. , Valor-Segura Inmaculada , Pedrosa Ignacio , Suárez-Álvarez Javier , García-Cueto Eduardo , Lozano Luis
Published: January 2016

Depression is one of the mental disorders that concern worldwide. One theory that has attracted more researches is the Beck´s cognitive theory of depression. The Cognitive Triad Inventory (CTI) has been developed to evaluate the different components of the cognitive triad, although most studies had been developed in adult and adolescent population. The aim of this work is to show evidence of factorial validity of the reduced version of the CTI, and the study of the psychometric properties of the inventory in children. In the sample of 3292 children with age between 8 and 13 (M=9.86; SD =1.24), the results showed a better factorial fit with a bifactorial model (positive triad and negative triad). The reliability of the dimensions is good (α=.88 and .92 respectively) and convergent validity evidence is adequate. The inventory was evaluated from the Item Response Theory framework, showing correct properties. Finally the norms of the questionnaire were made addressing the gender differences that were found previously.
La estructura del Cuestionario de Autoconcepto Social (AUSO)
Authors: Fernández-Zabala Arantza , Rodríguez-Fernández Arantzazu , Goñi Alfredo
Published: January 2016

The aim of this study is to examine the factor structure of the Social Self-Concept Questionnaire (SSQ), newly, made up of two scales: social responsibility and social competence. A review of both theories of human social development as previous attempts to measure social self-concept a theoretical proposal that the social self is the conjunction of two basic self-perceptions was born: competence in social relationships and response to the demands of social functioning. Participated in research 818 students aged between 17 and 52 years. The results obtained by confirmatory factor analysis,  endorse the hypothesized two interrelated factors structure. This work, in addition to providing a new measuring instrument with adequate psychometric characteristics and validity that justify its use both in practice as applied in the field of research, helps to better understand the inner nature of the social domain of the self-concept.
Complications caused by perfluorocarbon liquid used in pars plana vitrectomy
Authors: Yoo Jae Ho , Nam Ki Yup , Lee Seung Uk , Lee Ji Eun , Lee Sang Joon
Published: January 2016

Objectives To assess the inadvertent intraocular retention of perfluorocarbon liquid (PFCL) after vitreoretinal surgery and their complications. Methods We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 108 patients who underwent vitreoretinal surgeries using intraoperative PFCL (perfluoro-n-octane (C8F18), 0.69 centistoke at 25℃, PERFLUORN®, Alcon, USA) and the removal of PFCL through fluid-air exchange. The analysis was focused on the occurrence of intraocular retained PFCL, diagnoses, surgicalprocedures, and complications. Results Retinal detachment (51 cases, 47%) was the most common surgery which used PFCL intraoperatively. Other causes were vitreous hemorrhage (24 cases, 22%), posteriorly dislocated lens (22 cases, 21%), and trauma (11 cases, 10%). Intraocular PFCL was found in a total of 9 (8.3%) eyes. PFCL bubbles remained in anterior chamber and vitreous cavity were observed in 4 cases and subretinal retained PFCL was observed in 5 cases. Three of 5 cases of subretinal PFCL exhibited in subfoveal space. Among the three subfoveal cases, macular hole developed after PFCL removal in 1 case, epiretinal membrane in the area where had been PFCL bubble. However, we observed no complications in 1 case of subfoveal PFCL that was removed by surgery. PFCL in anterior chamber and vitreous cavity were in 4 cases. Conclusions The presence of subfoveal PFCL might affect visual and anatomic outcomes. However, subfoveal PFCL may induce visual complications, and therefore requires special attention.
A Case of Disseminated Extranodal Interdigitating Dendritic Cell Sarcoma Arising from Parotid Gland
Authors: Park Young Hoon , Kim Shin Il , Choi Suk Jin , Lim Joo Han , Yi Hyeon Gyu , Lee Moon Hee , Kim Chul Soo
Published: January 2016

Interdigitating dendritic cell sarcoma (IDCS) is an extremely rare tumor derived from professional antigen presenting cell and primarily found in lymph nodes, with rarer case report about extranodal presentation of IDCS. A 71-yr-old man was admitted with progressively enlarging and painless mass in the right parotid area for 2 months. Computed tomography of the neck and chest revealed enhancing mass in right parotid gland, multiple lymphadenopathies around neck and mediastinum, and an osteolytic metastasis at thoracic spine. Morphological and immunohistochemical analysis of an excisional biopsy specimen from parotid mass were consistent with a diagnosis of IDCS. Palliative chemotherapy with 6 cycles of CHOP (cyclophosphamide, adriamycin, vincristine, and prednisolone) regimen and 2 cycles of ABVD (adriamycin, bleomycin, vinblastine, and dacarbazine) regimen plus radiotherapy on parotid mass failed in tumor reduction. We describe a rare case of disseminated extranodal IDCS arising from parotid gland.
Le projet Dauphine : laisser la parole aux jeunes femmes de la rue et agir ensemble pour lutter contre la violence structurelle par l’entremise de la recherche-action participative1
Authors: Flynn Catherine , Damant Dominique , Lessard Geneviève
Published: January 2016

Alors que l’intersectionnalité est devenue, selon l’expression employée par Kathy Davis, un véritable « buzzword » dans le champ des études féministes, plusieurs questionnements persistent quant à son utilisation pour valoriser la parole des femmes marginalisées et l’inclure dans les pratiques sociales. Les auteures présentent une recherche-action participative réalisée auprès d’un groupe de sept jeunes femmes de la rue de la région de Québec, sur le thème de la violence structurelle. Une analyse du processus, à partir des critères de scientificité de la recherche-action participative, montre la manière dont les participantes se sont engagées dans la réflexion sur leur expérience de la violence structurelle et dans l’expérimentation de stratégies pour la prévenir ou la surmonter ou encore y résister.
Depuis toujours intersectionnels : relecture des mouvements lesbiens à Montréal, de 1970 aux années 2000
Authors: Tremblay Manon , Podmore Julie
Published: January 2016

Aujourd’hui, les multiples mouvements autonomes de lesbiennes des années 70 et 80 sont souvent dépeints comme univoques et homogènes sur le plan des idées et des pratiques. En proposant que les identités lesbiennes et leurs mouvements sont depuis toujours intersectionnels, les auteures ont pour objectif d’ébranler cette image. Leur examen des divers courants au sein du mouvement lesbien montréalais de 1970 aux années 2000 leur a permis de mettre au jour les complexités dont il se tisse, et ce, en privilégiant une approche intersectionnelle et « intracatégorielle ». Leur analyse révèle que le lesbianisme et le féminisme ont entretenu des rapports tantôt de complémentarité, tantôt de tension, cette ambiguïté se trouvant aussi parmi les lesbiennes au gré de la classe sociale, de la langue, de l’idéologie et de l’identité nationale. De portée préliminaire, le texte ainsi produit est une invitation à multiplier les travaux sur les mouvements lesbiens à Montréal, dans une perspective tant historique que contemporaine, en explorant d’autres marqueurs identitaires, dont l’âge, la région, l’appartenance culturelle et la religion.
Sexe et genre sous le bistouri (analytique) : interprétations féministes des transidentités
Authors: Baril Alexandre
Published: January 2016

L’auteur analyse un axe identitaire sous-théorisé dans les approches féministes intersectionnelles francophones, soit l’identité de genre (cis/trans), pour favoriser les solidarités entre féministes et transactivistes. Son propos s’articule autour de la question suivante : quelles sont les différentes définitions féministes du sexe/genre et quelles implications politiques ont-elles pour penser les réalités trans? Pour y répondre, l’auteur propose une typologie de quatre paradigmes d’interprétation du sexe/genre. Après avoir présenté leurs caractéristiques, il montre leur influence sur les stratégies politiques mises en avant par les féministes qui s’en réclament. Puis il procède à une analyse des conséquences de l’adoption de ces paradigmes sur les alliances entre féministes et transactivistes. Si la thèse défendue est que le paradigme du constructivisme social subversif offre une conceptualisation plus positive des transidentités, l’auteur soutient cependant que les autres paradigmes ne peuvent être rejetés sans s’interroger préalablement sur leurs mobilisations, leurs transformations et leurs métissages par les militantes et les militants sur le terrain.
À ciel ouvert, de Nelly Arcan : petit traité de l’économie des relations hétérosexuelles blanches?
Authors: Côté Nicole
Published: January 2016

Une analyse des oppositions structurantÀ ciel ouvertsous un angle intersectionnel met au jour une attitude paradoxale de Nelly Arcan, celle qui consiste à examiner à la loupe un sujet féminin qui reflète la tension entre un construit apparemment passif et mettant en oeuvre une agentivité réflexive; c’est cette tension qui différencie Arcan d’autres écrivaines blanches hétérosexuelles et qui permet de cerner, depuis le point de vue de ses protagonistes, la relation sujet-objet qui gouverne encore les relations hommes-femmes à l’intérieur même de la famille. Cependant, une catégorie absente du discours de la protagoniste et qui complique cette situation est celle de la « blanchitude », de ses présupposés et prérogatives tus. Une définition de cette blanchitude est proposée, de même que que les conséquences de cette blanchitude sur le point de vue de la protagoniste.
Le VIH/sida comme accident au cours d’une vie : lente découverte, gestion sociale et exclusion des femmes séropositives au Burkina Faso
Authors: Lingani Salfo , Korbéogo Gabin
Published: January 2016

La maladie pousse les femmes à rechercher, à tâtons, divers soins. Cette quête errante a son cortège d’événements inattendus. Désillusionnées, les femmes découvrent leur séropositivité chez le professionnel ou la professionnelle de soins biomédicaux à l’issue d’un long trajet thérapeutique. La vie « normale » change alors de cours chez les femmes déclarées séropositives qui entrent dans un dispositif de traitement biomédical complexe. Le soignant ou la soignante préconise aux femmes un accès à la prise en charge biomédicale et le repérage d’une ou de personnes à qui se confier pour atténuer les effets sociaux à travers des stratégies de communication sur la séropositivité avec le milieu conjugal et familial.
Le silence du mis en cause au cours de la phase préparatoire du procès pénal en droit français
Authors: Copain Carine
Published: January 2016

Le silence d’une personne peut faire l’objet de multiples interprétations. L’histoire du procès pénal français en est une illustration. Parfois interprété comme un aveu, le silence du mis en cause au cours de la phase préparatoire du procès pénal a longtemps été rejeté par les autorités pénales françaises. Il a même été régulièrement la source de certaines dérives de leur part. Cependant, il est aujourd’hui toléré, notamment au nom de la dignité humaine. Le droit positif reconnaît même un droit au silence au mis en cause. Toutefois, ce droit est loin d’être absolu à l’heure actuelle. Sa reconnaissance a été hésitante et sa portée reste encore limitée. Quelques évolutions paraissent dès lors nécessaires.
L’inaction en tant que modalité de l’actus reus en droit criminel économique canadien
Authors: Naccarato Mario
Published: January 2016

L’auteur étudie et analyse les solutions élaborées par la jurisprudence canadienne en matière de crimes économiques au sujet de la possibilité de déclarer un individu coupable d’une infraction à titre d’auteur réel et à titre de complice en raison de son comportement passif. La jurisprudence de droit pénal général a créé quatre catégories d’omissions qui peuvent engager la responsabilité criminelle. Dans son article, l’auteur propose d’ajouter une autre catégorie d’infractions, soit lorsque l’inaction d’une personne est susceptible d’engager sa responsabilité criminelle : c’est alors l’inaction contraire à une obligation d’agir en vertu du droit privé et en vertu des lois particulières.
Quelques réflexions sur le silence et le droit : essai de systématisation
Authors: Ngah Noah Marcel Urbain
Published: January 2016

Le silence côtoie indiscutablement le droit. Il s’agit d’un couple en interaction. Le silence saisit le droit à travers les silences du droit. Ces silences, justifiés par plusieurs raisons, sont protéiformes et source d’incertitude. Le droit essaie tant bien que mal de les combler quand il ne les génère pas lui-même. Par ailleurs, le droit appréhende le silence en tentant de le juridiciser. Entreprise perceptible à travers non seulement le droit au silence, mais aussi par l’imposition ou l’interdiction du silence selon les cas. Constatant la présence du silence, le droit l’interprète en lui octroyant ou non une portée juridique.
Volonté interne et for intérieur : le silence et l’inaction en guise d’outils interprétatifs du contrat
Authors: Rainville Pierre
Published: January 2016

Ni insondable ni impénétrable, le silence ne possède pas d’ambiguïté consubstantielle. À l’encontre de la thèse de son inexpressivité, le présent article dévoile la juridicité du silence au stade de l’interprétation du contrat. À défaut d’avoir été exprimée avec toute l’éloquence voulue au moment de la formation du contrat, la volonté contractuelle peut apparaître lors de sa phase d’exécution. La passivité possède, à cet égard, un vaste registre expressif (défaut de démenti, absence de protestation, inexécution prolongée, tardivité d’une réclamation…) de nature à seconder l’interprète du contrat. La teneur des obligations et les modalités du contrat peuvent se loger dans une attitude passive : par le jeu du non-dit, le contrat prend alors peu à peu forme. Fidèle au primat de la volonté interne des parties, la portée interprétative confiée au silence se destine à la compréhension intime de l’accord. Trois méthodes d’interprétation contractuelle se font soudainement complémentaires : la recherche subjective de la volonté, l’interprétation fondée sur la bonne foi et celle axée sur le respect des attentes légitimes des parties sont tour à tour interpellées et confortées par l’étude du silence du contractant.
Le stress scolaire au collège et au lycée : différences entre filles et garçons
Authors: Esparbès-Pistre Sylvie , Bergonnier-Dupuy Geneviève , Cazenave-Tapie Pascal
Published: January 2016

L’objectif de cette étude transversale est d’analyser le stress scolaire au collège et au lycée selon la classe et le sexe, pour améliorer les conditions de travail des élèves et leur bien-être scolaire. Les classes dites de transition (6eet 2de) sont-elles plus stressantes que celles dites d’évaluation (3e, 1reet terminale)? Les filles, supposées plus émotives que les garçons, sont-elles plus stressées à chaque niveau d’études? Une population de 1130 élèves (704 filles et 426 garçons), de la sixième (de 10 à 11 ans) à la terminale (18 à 20 ans), a répondu à un questionnaire socioculturel et à l’Échelle toulousaine de stress perçu. Les résultats montrent qu’un élève sur trois est très stressé par le collège ou le lycée, et l’on observe une augmentation du degré de stress de la sixième à la terminale. Les filles sont plus stressées par la situation scolaire que les garçons, quelle que soit la classe, et leur niveau de stress est bien plus fort. Des études complémentaires éclairant les ressorts d’un tel constat devraient conduire à l’adoption de mesures appropriées visant à prévenir le stress scolaire et à améliorer le bien-être à l’école de tous les élèves.
Stress scolaire, soutien social et burnout à l’adolescence : quelles relations?
Authors: Meylan Nicolas , Doudin Pierre-André , Curchod-Ruedi Denise , Antonietti Jean-Philippe , Stephan Philippe
Published: January 2016

Récemment décrit comme un syndrome d’épuisement, de cynisme et d’inadéquation à l’école, le burnout scolaire suscite un intérêt grandissant parmi les professionnels de l’école. Ce phénomène a été associé à plusieurs variables comme le stress scolaire et le soutien social fourni par les parents et les enseignants. Cependant, nous en savons encore peu sur la façon dont ces variables interagissent. L’objectif de notre étude est d’explorer les effets modérateurs et médiateurs du stress scolaire et du soutien social afin de mieux comprendre leurs liens avec le burnout scolaire. Un questionnaire évaluant ces variables a été rempli par 441 adolescents de Suisse francophone. Tout d’abord, les analyses montrent que le soutien social ne modère pas l’effet du stress sur le burnout scolaire. Ensuite, il apparaît que le stress scolaire a un effet médiateur dans la relation entre le soutien social et le burnout scolaire. De plus, cet effet varie selon la source de soutien. D’une part, le stress médiatise partiellement la relation entre le soutien des parents et le burnout scolaire. D’autre part, le stress médiatise complètement le lien entre le soutien des enseignants et le burnout scolaire. Ainsi, il semblerait que les adolescents bénéficiant d’un bon niveau de soutien des parents et des enseignants perçoivent les exigences scolaires comme moins stressantes, ce qui diminue le risque de burnout.
Chemicals without Harm
Authors: Geiser Ken
Published: January 2016

A proposal for a new chemicals strategy: that we work to develop safer alternatives to hazardous chemicals rather than focusing exclusively on controlling them.

Today, there are thousands of synthetic chemicals used to make our clothing, cosmetics, household products, electronic devices, even our children's toys. Many of these chemicals help us live longer and more comfortable lives, but some of these highly useful chemicals are also persistent, toxic, and dangerous to our health and the environment. For fifty years, the conventional approach to hazardous chemicals has focused on regulation, barriers, and protection. In Chemicals without Harm, Ken Geiser proposes a different strategy, based on developing and adopting safer alternatives to hazardous chemicals rather than focusing exclusively on controlling them.

Geiser reviews past government policies focused on controlling chemicals, describes government initiatives outside the United States that have begun to implement a more sustainable chemical policy, and offers an overview of the chemicals industry and market. He develops a safer chemicals policy framework that includes processes for characterizing, classifying, and prioritizing chemicals; generating and using new chemical information; and promoting transitions to safer chemicals.

The shift in strategy described by Geiser will require broad changes in science, the chemicals economy, and government policy. Geiser shows that it is already beginning, identifying an emerging movement of scientists, corporate managers, environmental activists, and government leaders who are fashioning a new, twenty-first-century approach to chemicals.
Situated Intervention
Authors: Zuiderent-Jerak Teun
Published: January 2016

An exploration of sociological research that is neither “detached” nor “engaged”; a new approach to sociological knowledge production, with examples from health care.

In this book, Teun Zuiderent-Jerak considers how the direct involvement of social scientists in the practices they study can lead to the production of sociological knowledge. Neither “detached” sociological scholarship nor “engaged” social science, this new approach to sociological research brings together two activities often viewed as belonging to different realms: intervening in practices and furthering scholarly understanding of them.

Just as the natural sciences benefited from broadening their scholarship from theorizing to experiment, so too could the social sciences. Additionally, Zuiderent-Jerak points out, rather than proceeding from a pre-set normative agenda, scholarly intervention allows for the experimental production of normativity. Scholars are far from detached, but still may be surprised by the normative outcomes of the interactions within the experiment.

Zuiderent-Jerak illustrates situated intervention research with a series of examples drawn from health care. Among the topics addressed are patient compliance in hemophilia home care, the organization of oncology care and the value of situated standardization, the relationship between standardization and patient centeredness, the development of patient-centered pathways, value-driven and savings-driven approaches to the construction of health care markets, and multiple ontologies of safety in care for older adults.

Finally, returning to the question of normativity in sociological research, Zuiderent-Jerak proposes an ethics of specificity according to which research adapts its sociological responses to the practices studied. Sociology not only has more to offer to the practices it studies; it also has more to learn from them.