bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Spatial and temporal pattern of forest carrying capacity and its influencing factors in China, Japan, and Korea based on climate change
Authors: Hao Yidan , Chou Jieming , Zhao Weixing , Li Yuanmeng , Jin Haofeng
Published: November 2024

Forest carrying capacity is a key factor related to resources, environment, and socio-economic development, and is also an important indicator for measuring the sustainable development capacity of regional society. Previous research has focused more on the management, protection, and utilization of forest resources by sovereign states, and regional assessments of sustainable development management between countries are not common. This study aims to explore the spatial–temporal distribution pattern of regional forest carrying capacity in Northeast Asia, and quantitatively evaluate the forest carrying capacity levels of China, Japan, and South Korea by establishing a comprehensive evaluation framework based on the Pressure-State-Response (PSR) model. We analyzed 16 evaluation indicators from 2010 to 2020 and compared the spatiotemporal distribution of forest carrying capacity in the three countries. The research results indicate that Japan and South Korea maintain a high-pressure and high carrying capacity state, while China exhibits a spatial pattern of high in the west and low in the east. The region with the lowest carrying capacity is Tianjin (with a score of 1.28 in 2010 and 1.44 in 2020). The carrying capacity of forests in China shows a positive spatial correlation, and there is a high concentration of carrying capacity in the northwest region. Therefore, it is necessary to develop targeted forestry management policies to address regional imbalances and strengthen the practice of sustainable forest management in Northeast Asia.
In silico analysis for the development of multi-epitope vaccines against Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Authors: Yun Jin-Seung , Kim A Reum , Kim Soo Min , Shin Eunkyung , Ha Sang-Jun , Kim Dokeun , Jeong Hye-Sook
Published: November 2024

As Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine’s effectiveness is limited to only children, the development of new tuberculosis (TB) vaccines is being studied using several platforms, and a novel TB vaccine that overcomes this limitation is required. In this study, we designed an effective multi-epitope vaccine against Mycobacterium tuberculosis using immunoinformatic analysis. First, we selected 11 highly antigenic proteins based on previous research: Ag85A, Ag85B, Ag85C, ESAT-6, MPT64, Rv2660c, TB10.4, HspX, GlfT2, Fas, and IniB. Among these antigens, 10 linear B-cell epitopes, 9 helper T-cell epitopes, and 16 cytotoxic T-cell epitopes were predicted to design the multi-epitope vaccine. To improve the immunogenicity of the candidate vaccine, three different adjuvants, griselimycin, human beta-defensin 3 (HBD3), and 50s ribosomal protein (50sRP), were attached with linker sequences to the vaccine model. The immunogenic, antigenic, allergenic, and physicochemical properties of the resulting designed multi-epitope vaccines were predicted in silico. Moreover, 3D structural modeling, refinement, and validation were used to select a model for further evaluation. Molecular docking analysis revealed a consistent and significant binding affinity of the candidate vaccine for toll-like receptors (TLRs), TLR-2, -3, and -4. Immune simulation performed using C-ImmSim demonstrated that three rounds of immunization with multi-epitope vaccines induced a high production of cytokines and immunoglobulins related with both cellular and humoral immune response. Moreover, we constructed vaccine candidate composed of 50sRP and evaluated its immunogenicity in a mouse model. Consequently, this in silico-engineered multi-epitope structure can elicit adaptive immune responses and represents a promising novel candidate for TB vaccine development.
Extracellular vesicles: immunomodulation, diagnosis, and promising therapeutic roles for rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Abebaw Desalegn , Akelew Yibeltal , Adugna Adane , Teffera Zigale Hibstu , Tegegne Bantayehu Addis , Fenta Abebe , Selabat Bantegize , Amare Gashaw Azanaw , Getinet Mamaru , Jemal Mohammed , Baylie Temesgen , Atnaf Aytenew
Published: November 2024

Extracellular vesicles (EV) can be produced as part of pathology and physiology with increased amounts in pathological conditions. EVs can carry and transfer cargo such as proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids to target cells and mediate intercellular communication resulting in modulation of gene expression, signaling pathways, and phenotype of recipient cells. EVs greatly influence the extracellular environment and the immune response. Their immunomodulatory properties are crucial in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), a condition marked by dysregulated immune response. EVs can modulate the functions of innate and adaptive immune cells in RA pathogenesis. Differentially expressed EV-associated molecules in RA, such as microRNAs (miRNAs), long-noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), messenger RNAs (mRNAs) and proteins are promising markers to diagnose the disease. miRNA, lncRNA, and circular RNA (circRNA) cargos in EV regulate inflammation and the pathogenic functions of RA fibroblast-like synoviocytes (RA-FLS). Downregulated molecules in RA tissue and drugs can be encapsulated in EVs for RA therapy. This review provides an updated overview of EVs’ immunomodulatory, diagnostic, and therapeutic roles, particularly emphasizing mesenchymal stem cell-derived EVs (MSC-EVs).
Mapping the relationship between alcohol use disorder and gut microbiota: a 20-year bibliometric study
Authors: Xiang Ao , Chang Yonglong , Shi Li , Zhou Xuhui
Published: November 2024

Background

Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is a psychiatric disorder that is widespread worldwide. Alcohol use is a significant contributor to the global burden of death, disability and disease. Modulation of the gut microbiota is a promising approach to improve the efficacy and minimize the adverse effects of colorectal cancer treatment. The relationship between the presence of microbes and AUD has been widely validated. However, few studies have examined this relationship using bibliometric methods. Therefore, this study analyzes the research hotspots and trends in human gut microbiology and AUD over the last two decades from a bibliometric perspective. This study aims at provide new directions for basic and clinical research in this field.

Objective

A comprehensive discussion of the relationship between the current state of research and trends in AUD and intestinal flora.

Methods

We collected publications from the Web of Science Core Collection database from 2003 to 2023 according to established inclusion criteria. We analyzed countries, institutions, authors, and research contributions using CiteSpace, VOSviewer, and Scimago Graphics to visualize research trends in the field.

Results

A total of 2,102 publications were obtained, with a rapid increase in the number of publications since 2016. The United States and China are major contributors to the field and have established a network of partners in several countries. Five hundred ninety-five academic journals published articles on the topic. The author with the highest number of publications is Prof. Bernd Schnabl of the Department of Gastroenterology at the University of California, San Diego. In addition to “gut flora” and “AUD,” high frequency words in the keyword co-occurrence network analysis included alcoholic liver disease, tryptophan metabolism, enterohepatic axis, and fecal microbial transplantation.

Conclusion

The results of this study provide a bibliometric analysis and visualization of key research areas in the gut microbiota and AUD over the past 20 years. The results suggest that the role of the gut microbiota in AUD and its potential mechanisms, especially therapeutic targets, should be closely monitored and could become a hot topic in the field.
Effects of vaccination and interventions on nasal microbiome and BRD-associated pathogens in calves
Authors: Liu Guoxing , Zhang Sen , Xiang Zhijie , Shirani Ihsanullah , Chen Yingyu , Guo Aizhen
Published: November 2024

Vaccination is a widely adopted measure to prevent diseases, but the process of immunization can induce a substantial stress response. This study aimed to investigate the impact of a combined Mycoplasma bovis-BoHV-1 vaccine on the upper respiratory tract microbiome and BRD-associated pathogens in calves, as well as to evaluate the effects of potential interventions. The results showed that the percentage of Pasteurella species in the upper respiratory tract was elevated in calves after vaccination without intervention, and Pasteurella multocida was activated and proliferated. Interestingly, none of the three interventions (Sodium selenite-vitamin E, Astragalus polysaccharide and Ceftiofur sodium) affected antibody production after immunization. The administration of sodium selenite-vitamin E and astragalus polysaccharide reduced serum levels of cortisol and malondialdehyde, increased glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and superoxide dismutase (SOD), and alleviated the proliferation of Pasteurella multocida. Furthermore, the use of ceftiofur sodium almost completely inhibited the proliferation of Pasteurella multocida induced by immune stress. These findings provide a reference for mitigating the negative impacts associated with vaccination and highlight the potential benefits of using targeted nutritional and antimicrobial interventions to optimize immune responses and maintain a stable respiratory microbiome in calves.
Enhanced immunity: the gut microbiota changes in high-altitude Tibetan pigs compared to Yorkshire pigs
Authors: Liu Chengming , Dan Haifeng , Yang Yiting , Du Yong , Hao Ziling , Chen Lei , Zhu Kangping , Liu Bin , Niu Lili , Zhao Ye , Wang Yan , Shen Linyuan , Gan Mailin , Zhu Li
Published: November 2024

Introduction

Long-term domestication in high-altitude environments has led to unique changes in the gut microbiota of Tibetan Pigs. This study aims to investigate specific alterations in the intestinal flora of Tibetan Pigs compared to Yorkshire pigs.

Methods

We employed 16S rRNA and metagenomic sequencing technologies for comprehensive analysis of the gut microbiota. The data collected allowed us to assess microbial community structures and functional capabilities.

Results

Our analysis revealed that Tibetan Pigs raised under a “free-range + supplementary feeding” model exhibited increased abundance of microbial communities associated with short-chain fatty acid synthesis and the digestion of cellulose and hemicellulose. Notably, the characteristic bacterium Rhodococcus, commonly found in high-altitude environments, was enriched in the gut microbiota of Tibetan Pigs, facilitating the efficient utilization of natural compounds and degradation of toxic substances. Additionally, the increased abundance of probiotics in these pigs enhances their immunity, which may involve mechanisms such as disrupting the structure of pathogenic bacteria and detoxifying harmful metabolites.

Discussion

These findings underscore the advantages of Tibetan Pigs over common commercial breeds, highlighting their unique gut microbiota adaptations. Furthermore, they open new avenues for screening potential probiotics and developing genetic breeding strategies for improved livestock varieties.

Conclusion

Understanding the distinct gut microbiota of Tibetan Pigs provides valuable insights into their health benefits and resilience, contributing to future research on breed improvement and microbiome applications in agriculture.
Unlocking the adaptation mechanisms of the oleaginous microalga Scenedesmus sp. BHU1 under elevated salt stress: a physiochemical, lipidomics and transcriptomics approach
Authors: Singh Rahul Prasad , Yadav Priya , Sharma Himani , Kumar Ajay , Hashem Abeer , Abd_Allah Elsayed Fathi , Gupta Rajan Kumar
Published: November 2024

Microalgae are vital for their photosynthetic abilities, contributing significantly to global oxygen production, serving as a key trophic level in aquatic ecosystems, aiding in biofuel production, assisting in wastewater treatment, and facilitating the synthesis of valuable biochemicals. Despite these advantages, photosynthetic microalgae are sensitive to salt stress, which alters their physiochemical and metabolic status, ultimately reducing microalgal growth. This sensitivity highlights the importance of understanding the impact of elevated salt content on the physiochemical, metabolic, and transcriptomic profiling of Scenedesmus sp., areas that are not yet fully understood. Our findings indicate that elevated salt stress decreases photosynthetic efficiency and increases non-regulated photochemical quenching of photosystem II (PSII). Moreover, PSII-driven linear electron flow (LEF) decreased, whereas photosystem I (PSI)-driven cyclic electron flow (CEF) increased in salt-stressed cells. To better understand the electron flow from PSII to PSI under elevated salt treatment, we analyzed the excitation energy flux per reaction center (RC), per cross-section (CS), energy flux ratios, and the potential index of PSII. Additionally, flow cytometry graphs depict the viability assay of Scenedesmus sp. BHU1. Our observations further revealed an increase in biochemical attributes, such as stress biomarkers, osmoprotectants, and enzymatic antioxidants, which help scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS) under salt stress. Intracellular cations (Na + and Ca2+) were increased, while K+ levels decreased, indicating mechanisms of cellular homeostasis under salt stress. UHPLC-HRMS-based lipidome analysis confirmed that increasing salt stress induces the hyperaccumulation of several fatty acids involved in adaptation. Moreover, transcriptome analysis revealed the upregulation of genes associated with PSI, glycolysis, starch metabolism, sucrose metabolism, and lipid accumulation under salt stress. In contrast, genes related to PSII and C3 carbon fixation were downregulated to mitigate the adverse effects of salt stress.
Pharmacological rescue of the G85E CFTR variant by preclinical and approved modulators
Authors: Tomati Valeria , Capurro Valeria , Pesce Emanuela , Pastorino Cristina , Sondo Elvira , Lena Mariateresa , Borrelli Anna , Cresta Federico , Pantano Stefano , Collini Francesca , Ripani Pietro , Terlizzi Vito , Fevola Cristina , Costa Stefano , Lucanto Maria Cristina , Zara Federico , Bandiera Tiziano , Bocciardi Renata , Castellani Carlo , Galietta Luis J. V. , Pedemonte Nicoletta
Published: November 2024

Introduction

Cystic Fibrosis (CF) is a genetic disease due to loss-of-function mutations of the CFTR channel. F508del is the most frequent mutation (70% of alleles in Italy), while other mutations have much lower frequency. Among them, G85E (0.4% frequency globally, 1.13% in Italy) emerges as a mutation characterized by a severe CFTR folding and trafficking defect.

Methods

To investigate the pharmacological responsiveness of the G85E-CFTR variant, we performed a functional and biochemical characterization in heterologous expression systems and ex vivo models based on patient-derived human nasal epithelial cells (HNEC).

Results

Our study demonstrated that treatment of primary airway cells with elexacaftor and tezacaftor causes a significant (although modest) rescue of CFTR function, that reaches 15%–25% of the activity measured in non-CF epithelia. A detrimental effect of chronic treatment with ivacaftor, further limiting G85E rescue, was also observed. A higher rescue of CFTR function, up to 25%–35% of the normal CFTR activity, with no evidence of negative effects upon chronic potentiator treatment, can be achieved by combining elexacaftor with ARN23765, a novel type 1 corrector endowed with very high potency. Importantly, dose-response relationships suggest that G85E might alter the binding of type 1 correctors, possibly affecting their affinity for the target.

Discussion

In conclusion, our studies suggest that novel combinations of modulators, endowed with higher efficacy leading to increased rescue of G85E-CFTR, are needed to improve the clinical benefit in patients for this variant.
Genome-wide association analysis and genomic prediction of salt tolerance trait in soybean germplasm
Authors: Xu Rongqing , Yang Qing , Liu Zhi , Shi Xiaolei , Wu Xintong , Chen Yuehan , Du Xinyu , Gao Qiqi , He Di , Shi Ainong , Tao Peijun , Yan Long
Published: November 2024

Introduction

Soybean is an important protein and oil crop, and improving yield has traditionally been a major breeding goal. However, salt stress is an important abiotic factor that can severely impair soybean yield by disrupting metabolic processes, inhibiting photosynthesis, and hindering plant growth, ultimately leading to a decrease in productivity.

Methods

This study utilized phenotypic and genotypic data from 563 soybean germplasms sourced from over 20 countries. Employing four distinct models—we performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) using four models, including MLM, MLMM, FarmCPU, and BLINK in GAPIT 3, we conducted a Genome-Wide Association Study (GWAS) to identify single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) associated with salt tolerance in soybean. Subsequently, these identified SNP were further analyzed for candidate gene discovery. Using 34,181 SNPs for genomic prediction (GP) to assess prediction accuracy.

Results

Our study identified 10 SNPs significantly associated with salt tolerance, located on chromosomes 1, 2, 3, 7, and 16. And we identified 11 genes within a 5 kb window upstream and downstream of the QTLs on chromosomes 1, 3, and 16. Utilizing the GWAS-derived SNP marker sets for genomic prediction (GP) yielded r-values greater than 0.35, indicating a higher level of accuracy. This suggests that genomic selection for salt tolerance is feasible.

Discussion

The 10 identified SNP markers and candidate genes in this study provide a valuable reference for screening and developing salt-tolerant soybean germplasm resources.
Assessing the impact of vaccines on COVID-19 efficacy in survival rates: a survival analysis approach for clinical decision support
Authors: González Rodríguez Juan Luis , Oprescu Andreea M. , Muñoz Lezcano Sergio , Cordero Ramos Jaime , Romero Cabrera Juan Luis , Armengol de la Hoz Miguel Ángel , Estella Ángel
Published: November 2024

Background

The global COVID-19 pandemic, caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, has presented significant challenges to healthcare systems worldwide.

Objective

This study, based on an analysis of a cohort from the Public Health System of Andalusia (Spain), aims to evaluate how vaccination affects case-fatality rate in patients hospitalized due to COVID-19 infection in Andalusia.

Methods

The cohort consists of 37,274 individuals after applying the inclusion criteria. We conducted survival analyses employing the Cox proportional hazards models and generated adjusted survival curves to examine the outcomes. The analyses were performed from three perspectives: vaccinated vs. unvaccinated patients, vaccinated and unvaccinated patients grouped by age, and stratified by vaccination status.

Results

Results indicate a substantial correlation between vaccination and a 20% reduction in the risk of case-fatality. Age-specific effects reveal varying degrees of protection across different age groups.

Conclusion

These findings emphasize the pivotal role of vaccination status in COVID-19 risk assessment, supporting the development of a clinical decision support system for accurate predictions and optimizing healthcare management at admission.
Environmental audit scoring evaluation: evolution of an evidence-based environmental assessment tool to support person-centered care
Authors: Wrublowsky Robert A. , Kaup Migette L. , Calkins Margaret P.
Published: November 2024

Long-term care settings are at the center of strongly debated approaches to policies that shape the delivery of care and operational practices. There is advocacy for transformational change within these settings to support a person-centered approach to care delivery, but it is difficult and multifaceted involving everything from changing the level of staffing and care models to developing appropriate metrics to assess an individual's quality of life. The physical environment is a key component for accomplishing the organizational and operational goals related to person-centered care, but providers and their design teams need the appropriate tools to guide evidence-based decision-making. The Environmental Audit Scoring Evaluation (EASE) is a tool that helps lend structure to the process of developing the environment for our senior population—especially those living with dementia. This perspective article will discuss how EASE aims to align the design process to more fully support the myriad environmental elements that have a demonstrable impact on the individual, and the associated quality of life they experience. The article will also explore how EASE differs from previous planning strategies that did not prioritize residents' psychological wellbeing in conforming to current person-centered philosophies.
Identifying predictors of stroke in young adults: a machine learning analysis of sex-specific risk factors
Authors: Jacobs Molly , Hammarlund Noah , Evans Elizabeth , Ellis Charles
Published: November 2024

Introduction

Stroke among Americans under age 49 is increasing. While the risk factors for stroke among older adults are well-established, evidence on stroke causes in young adults remains limited. This study used machine learning techniques to explore the predictors of stroke in young men and women.

Methods

The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator algorithm (LASSO) was applied to data from Wave V of the National Longitudinal Survey of Adolescent to Adult Health (N = 12,300)—nationally representative, longitudinal panel containing demographic, lifestyle, and clinical information for individuals aged 33–43—to identify the key factors associated with stroke in men and women. The resulting LASSO model was tested and validated on an independent sample and model performance was assessed using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) and calibration. For robustness, synthetic minority over sampling technique (SMOTE) was applied to address data imbalance and analyses were repeated on the balanced sample.

Results

Approximately 1.1% (N = 59) and 1.3% (N = 90) of the 5,318 and 6,970 men and women in the sample reported having a stroke. LASSO was used to predict stroke using demographic, lifestyle, and clinical predictors on both balanced and imbalanced data sets. LASSO performed slightly better on the balanced data set for women compared to the unbalanced set (Female AUC: 0.835 vs. 0.842), but performance for men was nearly identical (Male AUC: 0.820 vs. 0.822). Predictor identification was similar across both sets. For females, marijuana use, receipt of health services, education, self-rated health status, kidney disease, migraines, diabetes, depression, and PTSD were predictors. Among males, income, kidney disease, heart disease, diabetes, PTSD, and anxiety were risk factors.

Conclusions

This study showed similar clinical risk factors among men and women. However, variations in the behavioral and lifestyle determinants between sexes highlight the need for tailored interventions and public health strategies to address sex-specific stroke risk factors among young adults.
Surgical treatment of thymic epithelial tumor and myasthenia gravis
Authors: Özçıbık Işık Gizem , Turna Akif
Published: November 2024

Thymic epithelial tumors originate from the epithelial cells of the thymus and are typically diagnosed during the 5th and 6th decades of life. The incidence is consistent between men and women, averaging 1.7 cases per year. Thymomas, neuroendocrine tumors, and thymic carcinomas are subtypes of thymic epithelial tumors, with thymomas being the most prevalent (75%–80%) and thymic carcinomas following at 15%–20%. Thymoma and thymic carcinoma exhibit distinct disease courses; thymomas grow slowly and are confined to the thymus, while thymic carcinomas demonstrate rapid growth and metastasis. Overall survival rates vary, with a 78% 5-year survival rate for thymoma and a 30% rate for thymic carcinoma. Thymic epithelial tumors may be linked to paraneoplastic autoimmune diseases, including myasthenia gravis, hypogammaglobulinemia, pure red cell aplasia, Cushing's syndrome, systemic lupus erythematosus, and polymyositis. Staging of thymic epithelial tumors can be done according to Masaoka-Koga and/or TNM 8th staging systems. The treatment algorithm is primarily determined by resectability, with surgery (Extended Thymectomy) serving as the foundational treatment for early-stage patients (TNM stage I-IIIA, Masaoka-Koga stage I-III). Adjuvant radiotherapy or chemotherapy may be considered following surgery. In advanced or metastatic cases, chemotherapy is the first-line treatment, followed by surgery and radiotherapy for local control. Myasthenia gravis, an autoimmune disease presents with progressive muscle fatigue and diplopia. Positive antibodies (Anti-AChR, Anti-MuSK, LRP4) and electromyography aid in diagnosis, and approximately 10% of myasthenia gravis patients can also have thymoma. Treatment includes cholinesterase inhibitors and immunotherapy agents, with extended thymectomy serving as an effective surgical option for drug-resistant cases. Minimally invasive approaches (video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery or robot-assisted thoracoscopic surgery) have demonstrated comparable oncological outcomes to sternotomy, highlighting their effectiveness and reliability.
How Much Does the CEO’s Age Impact Corporate Performance Under a Changing Environment?
Authors: Han Joohee , Jo Sung Jun
Published: November 2024

The recent technological innovations and the consequences of the pandemic are rapidly changing the management paradigm. Organizations that seek to survive and remain competitive must adapt to these changes. One strategy to cope with these environmental changes is to hire a younger CEO. This study aims to empirically analyze how the age of the CEO affects the performance of the firm based on upper echelons theory. Using a sample of 706 CEOs of companies listed on the South Korean public stock market (KOSPI) as of 2023, we found that CEO age is positively related to financial performance. We also found that CEO age is negatively related to risk-taking behavior and innovation. These findings have both practical and theoretical implications, suggesting that the recent shift to the relationship between a long-term perspective and innovation have positive implications. Young CEOs often seek these perspectives and are more willing to be aggressive in investment and risk-taking behaviors in the interests offor an innovative business.
Adaptive Agronomic Strategies for Enhancing Cereal Yield Resilience Under Changing Climate in Poland
Authors: Wójcik-Gront Elżbieta , Gozdowski Dariusz , Pudełko Rafał , Lenartowicz Tomasz
Published: November 2024

Climate-driven changes have raised concerns about their long-term impacts on the yield resilience of cereal crops. This issue is critical in Poland as it affects major cereal crops like winter triticale, spring wheat, winter wheat, spring barley, and winter barley. This study investigates how soil nutrient profiles, fertilization practices, and crop management conditions influence the yield resilience of key cereal crops over a thirteen-year period (2009–2022) in the context of changing climate expressed as varying Climatic Water Balance. Data from 47 locations provided by the Research Centre for Cultivar Testing were analyzed to assess the combined effects of agronomic practices and climate-related water availability on crop performance. Yield outcomes under moderate and enhanced management practices were contrasted using Classification and Regression Trees to evaluate the relationships between yield variations and agronomic factors, including soil pH, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium fertilization, and levels of phosphorus, potassium, and magnesium in the soil. The study found a downward trend in Climatic Water Balance, highlighting the increasing influence of climate change on regional water resources. Crop yields responded positively to increased agricultural inputs, especially nitrogen. Optimal soil pH and medium phosphorus levels were identified as crucial for maximizing yield. The findings underscore the importance of tailored nutrient management and adaptive strategies to mitigate the adverse effects of climate variability on cereal production. The results provide insights for field crop research and practical approaches to sustain cereal production in changing climatic conditions.
Analysis of Mineral Composition and Isotope Ratio as Part of Chemical Profiles of Apples for Their Authentication
Authors: Krška Boris , Mészáros Martin , Bílek Tomáš , Vávra Aleš , Náměstek Jan , Sedlák Jiří
Published: November 2024

One of the consequences of the globalisation of food markets is the effort enabling the control of food security and its origin. This might be traced by using different chemical composition analyses. However, for Central Europe, there is a lack of knowledge about the original reference values as well as their heterogeneity among the lands and countries. This study focused on characterizing the mineral profiles of apple tree fruits and comparing these profiles among different districts in Central Europe. The fruits of the apple cultivars ‘Gala’ and ‘Golden Delicious’ originated in the Czech Republic and Poland. The mineral and isotopic content of the apple fruit flesh was analysed using ICP-MS. The data were processed using the ANOVA test and compositely analysed using the PCA and LDA models. The results show relatively high variation in element distribution, particularly 87Sr/86Sr, Mn, Zn, Cu, Ca, P, and B, ranging between 20.6 and67.9% for both cultivars on average. However, their high variability within particular districts complicates the resolution of the LDA model. The reasons are linked to the geomorphological and pedological heterogeneity of the analysed districts as well as the particular sensitivity of the set of chosen primers to agronomic practices and tree performance. For this region, only partial separation among districts could be obtained by P, Ca, and Cu content, as well as the isotopic ratio of 10B/11B. However, the resolution of the geographical discrimination needs to be improved by an enhanced set of primers, the use of more precise analytical techniques for the Sr isotopic ratio, or by multiple chemical analyses. Furthermore, the heterogeneity of the analysed districts could be tackled by more detailed analyses at the level of micro-regions.
Antioxidant Potential and In Vitro Antidiabetic Activity of Paeonia japonica (Makino) Miyabe & Takeda Extract and Its Isolated Compounds
Authors: Yang Jinfeng , Seo Hyun-Jung , Wang Yanjie , Gao Dan , Yoo Nam-Ho , Park Ju-Hee , Seong Eun-Soo , Kwon Yong-Soo , Kim Seung-Joong , Kim Myong-Jo
Published: November 2024

This study explored the potential of Paeonia japonica (Makino) Miyabe & Takeda (P. japonica) as a natural treatment for diabetes. A methanol extract of the root of P. japonica and its fractions were investigated for their antioxidant and antidiabetic properties. The ethyl acetate (EtOAc) fraction was the most potent, displaying strong antioxidant activity and inhibiting enzymes that break down carbohydrates (α-amylase and α-glucosidase), which could reduce blood sugar levels. Furthermore, the EtOAc fraction inhibited glucose uptake in 3T3-L1 cells and stimulated the gene responsible for cellular glucose uptake (GLUT4), suggesting improved insulin sensitivity. It also effectively reduced the formation of harmful advanced glycation end products linked to diabetic complications. The isolation of bioactive compounds from the EtOAc fraction revealed the presence of 4-O-methylgallic acid and ellagic acid, which potentially contributed to the observed antidiabetic effects. Overall, this study highlights the EtOAc fraction of P. japonica as a promising source for developing natural diabetes therapies. The findings suggest its potential for regulating various diabetic pathways, warranting further research for drug development.
Effects of Natural Factors and Production Management on the Soil Quality of Agricultural Greenhouses in the Lhasa River Valley, Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Gong Dianqing , Wang Zhaofeng , Zhang Yili , Hu Xiaoyang , Wei Bo , Gu Changjun
Published: November 2024

Agricultural greenhouses (AGs) are an effective solution to address the growing demand for vegetables despite limited cropland, yet significant soil quality problems often accompany them, particularly in high-altitude regions. However, the effects of natural factors and production management on soil quality are not well understood in such fragile environments. This study analyzed soil quality differences between AGs and adjacent open cropland (OCs) in the Lhasa River Valley, Tibetan Plateau, based on 592 soil samples and 12 key soil physicochemical indicators. GeoDetector was used to identify the dominant factors and their interactions with these differences. The results showed that AG soils had significantly lower pH, with an average decrease of 20%, indicating acidification, while nutrient levels and total salinity were significantly higher compared to OC soils. Specifically, available phosphorus, available potassium, the soil fertility quality index, and total soluble salt increased by 281%, 102%, 38%, and 184%, respectively. Planting, topographic, and fertilizer factors were identified as the dominant factors contributing to these differences. Interaction analysis showed that the interaction of these factors increased the explanatory power by 20.2% to 41.32% compared to individual factors. The interaction between planting year and fertilizer type had the highest explanatory power for nutrient increases and pH decline, while fertilizer amount and slope aspect contributed to salinity accumulation. These findings provide valuable insights and practical guidance for optimizing AG management and ensuring sustainable agricultural development in high-altitude regions.
Design of a Contact-Type Electrostatic Spray Boom System Based on Rod-Plate Electrode Structure and Field Experiments on Droplet Deposition Distribution
Authors: Sun Hao , Liu Changxi , Li Yufei , Shi Hang , Zhao Shengxue , Wu Miao , Hu Jun
Published: November 2024

Spraying is currently one of the main methods of pesticide application worldwide. It converts the pesticide solution into fine droplets through a sprayer, which then deposit onto target plants. Therefore, in the process of pesticide application, improving the effectiveness of spraying while minimizing or preventing crop damage has become a key issue. Combining the advantages of electrostatic spraying technology with the characteristics of ground boom sprayers, a contact-type electrostatic boom spraying system based on a rod–plate electrode structure was designed and tested on a self-propelled boom sprayer. The charging chamber was designed based on the characteristics of the rod–plate electrode and theoretical analysis. The reliability of the device was verified through COMSOL numerical simulations, charge-to-mass ratio, droplet size, and droplet size spectrum measurements, and a droplet size prediction model was established. The deposition characteristics in soybean fields were analyzed using the Box–Behnken experimental design method. The results showed that the rod–plate electrode structure demonstrated its superiority with a maximum spatial electric field of 2.31 × 106 V/m. When the spray pressure was 0.3 MPa and the charging voltage was 8 kV, the droplet size decreased by 26.6%, and the charge-to-mass ratio reached 2.88 mC/kg. Field experiments showed that when the charging voltage was 8 kV, the spray pressure was 0.3 MPa, the traveling speed was 7 km/h, and the number of deposited droplets was 8517. This study provides some basis for the application of electrostatic spraying technology in large-scale field operations.
Behavior Tracking and Analyses of Group-Housed Pigs Based on Improved ByteTrack
Authors: Tu Shuqin , Ou Haoxuan , Mao Liang , Du Jiaying , Cao Yuefei , Chen Weidian
Published: November 2024

Daily behavioral analysis of group-housed pigs provides critical insights into early warning systems for pig health issues and animal welfare in smart pig farming. In this study, our main objective was to develop an automated method for monitoring and analyzing the behavior of group-reared pigs to detect health problems and improve animal welfare promptly. We have developed the method named Pig-ByteTrack. Our approach addresses target detection, Multi-Object Tracking (MOT), and behavioral time computation for each pig. The YOLOX-X detection model is employed for pig detection and behavior recognition, followed by Pig-ByteTrack for tracking behavioral information. In 1 min videos, the Pig-ByteTrack algorithm achieved Higher Order Tracking Accuracy (HOTA) of 72.9%, Multi-Object Tracking Accuracy (MOTA) of 91.7%, identification F1 Score (IDF1) of 89.0%, and ID switches (IDs) of 41. Compared with ByteTrack and TransTrack, the Pig-ByteTrack achieved significant improvements in HOTA, IDF1, MOTA, and IDs. In 10 min videos, the Pig-ByteTrack achieved the results with 59.3% of HOTA, 89.6% of MOTA, 53.0% of IDF1, and 198 of IDs, respectively. Experiments on video datasets demonstrate the method’s efficacy in behavior recognition and tracking, offering technical support for health and welfare monitoring of pig herds.
Effect of Body Size on Plasma and Tissue Pharmacokinetics of Danofloxacin in Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
Authors: Uney Kamil , Corum Duygu Durna , Marín Pedro , Coskun Devran , Terzi Ertugrul , Badillo Elena , Corum Orhan
Published: November 2024

Danofloxacin is a fluoroquinolone antibiotic approved for use in fish. It can be used for bacterial infections in fish of all body sizes. However, physiological differences in fish depending on size may change the pharmacokinetics of danofloxacin and therefore its therapeutic efficacy. In this study, the change in the pharmacokinetics of danofloxacin in rainbow trout of various body sizes was revealed for the first time. The objective of this investigation was to compare the plasma and tissue pharmacokinetics of danofloxacin in rainbow trout of different body sizes. The study was conducted at 14 ± 0.5 °C in fish of small, medium, and large body size and danofloxacin was administered orally at a dose of 10 mg/kg. Concentrations of this antimicrobial in tissues and plasma were quantified by high performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detector. The plasma elimination half-life (t1/2ʎz), volume of distribution (Vdarea/F), total clearance (CL/F), peak concentration (Cmax), and area under the plasma concentration–time curve (AUC0–last) were 27.42 h, 4.65 L/kg, 0.12 L/h/kg, 2.53 µg/mL, and 82.46 h·µg/mL, respectively. Plasma t1/2ʎz, AUC0–last and Cmax increased concomitantly with trout growth, whereas CL/F and Vdarea/F decreased. Concentrations in liver, kidney, and muscle tissues were higher than in plasma. Cmax and AUC0–last were significantly higher in large sizes compared to small and medium sizes in all tissues. The scaling factor in small, medium, and large fish was 1.0 for bacteria with MIC thresholds of 0.57, 0.79, and 1.01 µg/mL, respectively. These results show that therapeutic efficacy increases with body size. However, since increases in danofloxacin concentration in tissues of large fish may affect withdrawal time, attention should be paid to the risk of tissue residue.
Livestock Biosecurity from a One Health Perspective
Authors: Saegerman Claude , Renault Véronique
Published: November 2024

According to the World Health Organization and the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, biosecurity is “a strategic and integrated approach that encompasses the policy and regulatory frameworks (including instruments and activities) that analyse and manage risks in the sectors of food safety, public health, animal life and health, and plant life and health, including associated environmental risk” [...]
Linkage Disequilibrium Decay in Selected Cattle Breeds
Authors: Bordbar Farhad , Jensen Just , Wadood Armughan Ahmed , Yao Zipei
Published: November 2024

Linkage disequilibrium (LD) maps are fundamental tools for exploring the genetic basis of traits of interest in any species. Quantifying LD patterns in cattle breeds has been made possible due to the availability of huge quantities of SNPs through modern sequencing technology. The present research aims to determine and compare linkage disequilibrium levels at different distances on the genome of Sistani domestic cattle and subspecies of Bos taurus and Bos indicus based on genome SNP data. A total of 60 Bos indicus Sahiwal (dairy) and Nellore (beef), Bos taurus Hereford (beef) and Holstein (dairy), and Sistani cattle were sampled and genotyped using Illumina Bovine HD 770 k chip. To ensure the caliber of the sequencing, 10 samples (genetically sequenced cattle) were randomly chosen among all breeds represented. LD was evaluated at distances of 1–50 Kb, 50–100 Kb, 100–500 Kb, and 0.5–1 Mb, and average r2 values for all autosomes were calculated within distance classes. For all breeds, the average r2 was over 0.2 at distances less than 100 Kb, while for Sistani, Nellore, and Sahiwal, the average r2 was above 0.2 between 100 and 500 Kb. Furthermore, for all breeds, the average r2 exceeding 0.3 was noted at distances smaller than 50 Kb, while this amount for Holstein and Hereford was observed at distances between 50 and 100 Kb. In various breeds, greater changes in LD levels were observed (at <10 Kb distance). In this study, the Sistani breed showed LD decay patterns similar to indicine cattle (Nellore and Sahiwal), which may be due to the geographic proximity of the Sistan and Baluchestan province to Pakistan, the origin of indicine breeds (they may have had genetic or kinship relationships over a long historical period), or due to ascertainment bias in the SNP chips used.
Investigations on Stubble-Burning Aerosols over a Rural Location Using Ground-Based, Model, and Spaceborne Data
Authors: Vijayakumar Katta , Devara Panuganti China Sattilingam , Yadav Saurabh
Published: November 2024

Agriculture crop residue burning has become a major environmental problem facing the Indo-Gangetic plain, as well as contributing to global warming. This paper reports the results of a comprehensive study, examining the variations in aerosol optical, microphysical, and radiative properties that occur during biomass-burning events at Amity University Haryana (AUH), at a rural station in Gurugram (Latitude: 28.31° N, Longitude: 76.90° E, 285 m AMSL), employing ground-based observations of AERONET and Aethalometer, as well as satellite and model simulations during 7–16 November 2021. The smoke emissions during the burning events enhanced the aerosol optical depth (AOD) and increased the Angstrom exponent (AE), suggesting the dominance of fine-mode aerosols. A smoke event that affected the study region on 11 November 2021 is simulated using the regional NAAPS model to assess the role of smoke in regional aerosol loading that caused an atmospheric forcing of 230.4 W/m2. The higher values of BC (black carbon) and BB (biomass burning), and lower values of AAE (absorption Angstrom exponent) are also observed during the peak intensity of the smoke-event period. A notable layer of smoke has been observed, extending from the surface up to an altitude of approximately 3 km. In addition, the observations gathered from CALIPSO regarding the vertical profiles of aerosols show a qualitative agreement with the values obtained from AERONET observations. Further, the smoke plumes that arose due to transport of a wide-spread agricultural crop residue burning are observed nationwide, as shown by MODIS imagery, and HYSPLIT back trajectories. Thus, the present study highlights that the smoke aerosol emissions during crop residue burning occasions play a critical role in the local/regional aerosol microphysical and radiation properties, and hence in the climate variability.
Experimental Study on the Bending Mechanical Properties of Socket-Type Concrete Pipe Joints
Authors: Liang Xu , Xu Jian , Song Xuesong , Ren Zhongyao , Shi Li
Published: November 2024

In modern infrastructure construction, the socket joint of concrete pipelines is a critical component in ensuring the overall stability and safety of the pipeline system. This study conducted monotonic and cyclic bending loading tests on DN300 concrete pipeline socket joints to thoroughly analyse their bending mechanical properties. The experimental results indicated that during monotonic loading, the relationship between the joint angle and bending moment exhibited nonlinear growth, with the stress state of the socket joint transitioning from the initial contact between the rubber ring and the socket to the eventual contact between the spigot and socket concrete. During the cyclic loading phase, the accumulated joint angle, secant stiffness, and bending stiffness of the pipeline interface significantly increased within the first 1 to 7 cycles and stabilised between the 8th and 40th cycles. After 40 cycles of loading, the bending stiffness of the joint reached 1.5 kN·m2, while the stiffness of the pipeline was approximately 8500 times that of the joint. Additionally, a finite element model for the monotonic loading of the concrete pipeline socket joint was established, and the simulation results showed good agreement with the experimental data, providing a reliable basis for further simulation and analysis of the joint’s mechanical performance under higher loads. This study fills the gap in research on the mechanical properties of concrete pipeline socket joints, particularly under bending loads, and offers valuable references for related engineering applications.
A Framework for Evaluating the Reasonable Internal Force State of the Cable-Stayed Bridge Without Backstays
Authors: Xu Tao , Ma Jiqian , Wei Guojie , Gong Boxu , Liu Jiang
Published: November 2024

The synchronous construction of the pylon and cables of a cable-stayed bridge without backstays has the characteristics of a short construction period and reduced support costs. However, it also increases the difficulty of construction control, making the reasonable completion state of the bridge more complex. To investigate the impact of various load parameters on the structural state of a cable-stayed bridge without backstays during the synchronous construction process, and to ensure a rational final bridge state, this study proposes an assessment framework for evaluating the internal forces of the bridge. The framework initially uses the response surface method to establish explicit equations relating the control indicators of the bridge’s final state to various load parameters. Subsequently, through sensitivity analysis, the degree of influence of each load parameter on the structural response of the cable-stayed bridge without backstays is examined. The most sensitive factors are identified to create a bridge parameter influence library, which helps reduce computational costs. Based on this, a method for controlling construction errors and predicting cable forces is proposed. This method utilizes the pre-established bridge parameter influence library, combined with the internal force state of the bridge at the current construction stage, to accurately predict the tension force of the stay cables in the subsequent stage, thereby ensuring a rational final bridge state. The framework is ultimately validated through a case study of the Longgun River Bridge to assess its rationality and effectiveness.