bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Daya terima makanan biasa pada pasien rawat inap RSUD Provinsi Sulawesi Barat
Authors: Yudianti Yudianti , Riskayanti Riskayanti , Hapzah Hapzah , Najdah Najdah , Nurbaya Nurbaya
Published: September 2024

Background: There are still quite a number of hospitals that leave food that exceeds the minimum standard limit. One of the reasons for this is because the taste and appearance of the food served by the hospital does not meet the patient's acceptance.Objectives: This study aimed to assess the acceptability of regular food and food waste in inpatients at the West Sulawesi Provincial Regional Hospital.Methods: Data collection was carried out using observation, interviews, and recording leftover food that had been distributed to patients using the Comstoc method. The data collection period was carried out at the West Sulawesi Provincial Regional Hospital in June 2023. The total sample was 30 patients. Data analysis involves calculating the food acceptability score and displaying it descriptively.Results: The majority of patients, namely 83,3%, liked the taste of the food and 80% of patients really liked the appearance of the food served. Only 3% said they did not like the taste of food. Most patients produce their food at breakfast (63,3%), lunch (60%) and dinner (53,3).Conclusion: Most of the inpatients at West Sulawesi Provincial Regional Hospital like the taste and appearance of the regular food served. Lack of appetite is the main reason why patients waste food.
Pengaruh media edukasi food model dua dimensi terhadap pemahaman label gizi dan pemilihan makanan sehat pada remaja
Authors: Khoiriyah Nur , Heryanda Mahfuzhoh Fadillah
Published: September 2024

Background: Poor food consumption behavior during adolescence can have an impact on health problems in adulthood. Improving understanding of nutrition label and healthy food choices through nutrition education is one effort to improve food consumption. Nutrition education can be carried out using various tools, one of which is two-dimensional food model.Objectives: To analyze the effect of nutrition education using two-dimensional food model on understanding of nutrition label and healthy food choices in adolescents.Methods: The design was quasi-experiment with intervention and control groups. The research was conducted at MTs Swasta Nurul Huda from August to September 2023 with 21 respondents in each treatment group. Data collected were respondent characteristics, understanding of nutrition label (knowledge, reading ability, and attitudes), and healthy food choices (knowledge and attitudes). Different tests were carried out between groups using the independent t-test and Mann-Whitney, and between baseline and endline using paired t-test and Wilcoxon test.Results: Knowledge and ability to read nutrition labels was significantly higher in the intervention group than in the control group (p=0,000 and p=0,005). However, attitudes towards nutrition labels did not differ significantly between treatment groups (p=0.193). knowledge and attitudes about healthy food choices were significantly higher in the intervention group than in the control group (p=0,000 and p=0,042).Conclusion: Nutrition education using two-dimensional food model media has an effect on nutrition label literacy skills and healthy food choices in adolescents
Studi intervensi keberagaman dan pemberian Makanan Pendamping ASI (MP-ASI) dengan status gizi anak usia 6-24 bulan
Authors: Fitrianingsih Eva , Rachmawati Rachmawati , Sastri Sastri
Published: September 2024

Background: High rates of undernutrition are strongly associated with feeding practices. Good complementary feeding, including appropriate education to improve with or without food supplements, is very effective in reducing the incidence of stunting in the first two years of life. Inadequate complementary feeding is caused by low food quality and child feeding practices that affect the nutritional status of children where in Aceh Besar District the prevalence of nutritional status of weight-for-age indicators is 5,4% malnutrition and 16,7% underweight (22,1%).Objective: To determine the effect of diversity and complementary feeding on the nutritional status of children aged 6-24 months.Methods: The design of this study is Quasy Experimental using the Wilcoxon test with a pre-post test approach in the case group to see the provision of diversity education and complementary feeding practices with nutritional status aged 6-24 months in Aceh Besar District. The study was conducted in Darul Imarah District, Aceh Besar Regency with a total sample size of 40 people. Results: There was a significant difference before and after the intervention in the case group on children's weight (p = 0,001), energy intake (p = 0,001), carbohydrate intake (p value = 0,003), protein intake (p value = 0,022), fat intake (p value = 0,003), and there was no significant difference in the diversity of complementary foods (p value = 0,001).Conclusion: Children's body weight, energy intake, carbohydrate intake, protein intake, and fat intake were significantly affected after the intervention.
Social Introspection of Myth, Reality and Self in Jayanta Mahapatra's Epic Poem "Relationship"
Authors: Kala Jyoti , Kumar Santosh
Published: September 2024

This paper explores the subjective memory of Jayant Mahapatra through his epic poem Relationship, in which his consciousness is subsumed into the question of how to express his love and gratitude for the motherland, the place of his nativity. His originality and authenticity of a major poetic voice have been precisely for the reason that despite the English language being his early creative writing medium, his sensibilities as a poet operate within the boundaries of his typically Oriya culture. He establishes a relationship between his lonely and rootless life and 'this temple in ruins, in a blaze of sun'. The poet seems engulfed in the tedious dualism and oscillating for rootedness between the faith of Christian and Hindu religions. He questions the validity of his relationship with his friends also who are in a state of pitiful or contemptible intellectual or moral ignorance completing the journey of life, 'unsullied by guilt, and untouched by belief'. Mahapatra's response to the landscape, his sense of myth and history, tradition, and the culture of his birthplace gives him distinct identification. The history of Orissa is his subject and the culture of it is the space of his poetry. He considered poetry as a "craft" and used symbols, images, myths, metaphors, and similes to bring out rich and effective poetic vision. Jayant Mahapatra's Relationship presents the varied facets of human life poetically. However, this paper argues through the lens of social introspection of myth, reality, and self in Jayant Mahapartra's epic poem Relationship.
Depiction of the 'Whore Image' in the Poems of Jayanta Mahapatra: A Critical Analysis of Select Poems
Authors: Anand Milind Raj , Sharma Neetu
Published: September 2024

The present research paper has been written with the primary objective to investigate Jayant Mahapatra's numerous poems that throws light on the dark side of the society. He keeps a critical eye on the whore image through his works. His works focuses on the depictions of the abject and pitiable circumstances of such women who have been objectified for sexual gratification. Such women are forced to such pathetic and horrendous condition without having another option for their survival. This paper focuses on the real life experience and the treatment they receive from this patriarchal society which is sexually perverted and seeks physical pleasure and mental relief among the prostitutes. He has focused on the intimate desires of the male sex and laid bare the cruelty of it over the female prostitute with distinct picturization of the receiver's anatomy and the act in itself without letting it slip into the erotic realm of the literary creation. He refers his female characters in third person. Very rare they have been addressed by their names. They exist without any name which exhibits the unnoticed, unappreciated and insufficient existence in the society. They have been viewed through male centered lens and suffer sexual, physical objectification. The dark and dull moment of the life of prostitutes has been documented. The prostitution business has been filled with the plight of women where they have been trapped in the trade of sexual gratification in sexually perverted society. He used his literary craft in sensitizing the well-to-do world of the plight of the destitute and desperately worked to bring a positive change through his writings.
Navigating Social Realism in the Poems of Jayanta Mahapatra
Authors: Gupta Ajeet Kumar
Published: September 2024

Jayanta Mahapatra, one of the most distinguished poets of India who believed poetry as the best medium for the expression of experiences of reallife. He has made enormous contributions to contemporary Indian literature. He was one of the three prominent figures in the arena of Indian poetry in English, who are regarded as the founding fathers of Indian poetry in English, together with A.K. Ramanujan and R.K. Narayan. The subject matter of his poetry is always inspired by the realities of the society what he himself was a witness. He attends to the anguish and suffering of people at the back of the queue. The marginalised and downtrodden people are the characters of his poems. Extreme poverty, starvation, prostitution, patriarchy etc. are the major focuses of his poems. He is a poet born and brought up in the temple town of Cuttack, he tries to comprehend the reality of human nature. He attempts to start a dialogue between religious ceremonies and daily life problems of common folk. In order to gain a deeper understanding of society, Mahapatra's poetry serves to reveal socioeconomic facts. Its goal is to depict its members' true sociopolitical and sociocultural characteristics. He begins with his capacity to create new connections and weave new meanings that cause his heart to resonate emotionally
Adaptation of the Short-Form of State Self-Esteem Scale into Turkish: A Study of Validity and Reliability
Authors: Kurnaz M. Furkan , Koçtürk Nilüfer
Published: September 2024

State self-esteem focuses on the relatively short-term fluctuations in in feelings of self-worth experienced by individuals. The purpose of this study was to examine the psychometric properties of the Short-Form of the State Self-Esteem Scale (SSES-S) in adult Turkish sample. The confirmatory factor analysis, internal consistency, validity, and measurement invariance of the SSES-S in the context of gender through multi-group confirmatory factor analysis (MGCFA) were evaluated with the participation of 405 adult individuals (73.33% female, mean age: 24.53 years). Finally, the test-retest reliability of the SSES-S was tested with 25 participants (88% female, mean age: 22.92 years). The confirmatory of three different factorial structures of the SSES-S was examined and the results of the CFAs showed that the 10-item, three-factor structure of the SSES-S had the best goodness-of-fit values in the Turkish sample. Reliability analyses showed that the SSES-S was within an acceptable reliability range. Convergent validity, criterion-related validity, and discriminant validity indicate that the SSES-S is a valid measurement tool. Furthermore, the findings of the MGCFA confirmed the measurement invariance of the SSES-S in the context of gender. The results confirm that the SSES-S, which consists of 10 items and three factors, is reliable and valid in the Turkish adult sample.
TREATMENT OF HELICOBACTER PYLORI INFECTION: A REVIEW
Authors: Rahatullah Haidari Said
Published: September 2024

Helicobacter pylori is a particular bacterium that has evolved to survive in the acidic environment of the human stomach. Currently, no single antibiotic can treat the infection, so multiple medications are needed for treatment. Two antibiotics given more than a few times each day for seven to fourteen days, together with acid-suppressing medications, are the standard recommended treatments. The purpose of this review was to conclude the treatment of H.pylori infection. Without standard triple therapy, which consists of amoxicillin, clarithromycin, and PPI for the first five days, followed by PPI, clarithromycin, and tinidazole for the final five days, is the most frequently used course of treatment for clarithromycin-resistant H. pylori infections. Moreover, One of the first therapeutic regimens for the removal of H. pylori infection included bismuth-based therapy (bismuth salts, metronidazole, and tetracycline, each four times daily for two weeks with PPI), but the number of tablets taken daily and the associated mild side effects can have a negative effect on tolerance and compliance. Therefore, it is usually kept as a second-line treatment. Finally, rescue therapy (PPIs, Levofloxacin, and amoxicillin twice daily for 10 days) is a recently suggested treatment for H. pylori infection. This combination can cure about 80% of patients with H. pylori infection who have already tried one or more earlier treatments but failed.
IN-SILICO ADMET STUDY AND MOLECULAR DOCKING OF TRIAZOLE- 3-THIONE DERIVATIVES TARGETING LIPOTEICHOIC ACID SYNTHASE IN GRAM-POSITIVE BACTERIA
Authors: Malik Manisha , Verma Krishan Kumar , Kaushik Rahul , Gaur Praveen , Lata Kanak
Published: September 2024

Introduction: Rapid global emergence of antimicrobial resistance led to the failure of many of the antibiotics available in the market. Among multi drug resistant Gram +ve bacteria, methicillin and vancomycin resistant, Staphylococcus aureus strains are leading causes of nosocomial infections involving skin, soft tissues and urinary tract. Therefore, search for new drug targets that are unique to gram positive bacteria is a promising strategy to design novel antibacterial agents. Recently, lipoteichoic acid, a bacterial cell wall glycopolymer, has emerged as a promising and novel target for antimicrobial action. The enzyme, lipoteichoic acid synthase (LtaS) has been recognized as a key enzyme in LTA biosynthesis.
 Materials & Methods: In the present work, we designed triazole-3-thione based compounds and performed in- silico studies to predict and analyse some commonly used computational tools. The study involved assessment of drug likeliness, prediction and analysis of ADMET parameters by pkCSM and swissADME on the synthesized compounds. The molecular docking study was performed using autodock 4.2 targeting lipoteichoic acid synthase (LtaS) on PDB: 2W5S and interaction of the compounds and inhibition constant were studied.
 Result & Discussion: All test compounds passed drug likeliness and majority of the compounds had potential to act as enzyme inhibitor or as ligand for G-protein coupled receptors in bioactivity prediction study. The ADMET analysis suggested the compounds suitable for oral administration due to better permeability and intestinal absorption, high tissue distribution, substrate for CYP3A4, CYP2C19 inhibitor, less mutagenic, low MRTD, less hepatotoxicity and none of the compound had potential for fatal ventricular arrythmia. In Docking study, 11 compounds were found to have better affinity with the active site and were able to make stable complexes based upon binding energy data. The compound K24 having thiophene at 5-position and 3-chloro phenyl at 4-position of triazole-3-thione ring was considered as most active compound based on binding energy, inhibition constant value and H-bond interaction with active residue.
ANTIOXIDANT, PHOTOPROTECTIVE AND THERMORESPONSIVE NANOEMULGEL BASED ON PLURONIC® F127 AND HYMENAEA COURBARIL EXTRACT
Authors: Barros Anna Júlia Santos , Bastos Raíssa Sales , Silva Maria Socorro Pinheiro , Sampaio Caroline Goes , Ricardo Nágila Maria Pontes Silva , Moreira Rebouças Louhana , Santos Emília M. A. , Kaushik Rahul
Published: September 2024

Objective: The objective of the present work was to prepare a thermoresponsive nanoemulgel based on a natural extract extracted from the stem of Hymenea courbaril for photoprotective cosmetic application.
Significance: Topical photoprotection is restricted due to the short half-life of synthetic actives on the skin, which requires frequent reapplications in addition to presenting potential risks of side effects.
Methods: Initially, the Hymenaea courbaril extract was obtained and characterized in terms of total phenolic and flavonoid content. A nanoemulsion based on the extract was prepared and identified and incorporated into a Pluronic® F127 gel to form the nanoemulgel. The antioxidant and photoprotective activity of the nanoemulgel and the extract were determined. The sol-gel transition temperature of the nanoemulgel was identified by tube inversion method. The extract obtained showed a high value of total phenolics and flavonoids. The nanoemulsion containing the encapsulated extract showed values of zeta potential, diameter and polydispersion index compatible with colloidal stability.
Conclusions: The nanoemulgel showed antioxidant and photoprotective activity with an SPF of 2.3 ± 0.1 and thermoresponsive with a sol-gel transition temperature of 23-24 °C, showing promise as a new cosmetic photoprotector that may contain a lower concentration of synthetic actives due to its SPF complementation attributed to Hymenaea courbaril stem extract.
DESIGN, DEVELOPMENT OF CARVEDILOL FLOATING PULSATILE DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM
Authors: Kolli Dr Tirumala Devi , Manchineni Dr Prasada Rao , Gunda Dr. Raghavendra Kumar , M Raja Mohan
Published: September 2024

Objective: The current study's objective is to develop and evaluate Floating Pulsatile delivery systems (FDT) for Carvedilol. Carvedilol, Non selective α, β- receptor blocking agent. It is indicated for the treatment of moderate heart failure, Hypertension.
Methods: The rapid release core tablets were formulated using various concentrations of superdisintegrants such as croscaramellose sodium, crospovidone. The optimized pulsatile release tablets were prepared by using different grades of HPMC) at different concentrations Dry coated tablets were prepared by using combination of Pulsatile layer and rapid release layer. 32 randomised full factorial design was applied to optimise the buoyant layer composition the amount of HPMC K100M (X1), Sodium bicarbonate (X2) chosen as Independent variables. Floating lag time (Y1), Total Floating time (Y2) were chosen as Dependent Variables. Nine formulations were designed and are evaluated for pharmaceutical product performance.
Results: Findings indicate that all formulations meet the acceptance criteria, and kinetic modelling was applied to the in-vitro dissolution profiles.
Conclusion: The best formulation (F6) contained 80 mg of HPMC K100M and 25 mg of Sodium bicarbonate showed promising results for obtain desired floating parameters (Floating lag time 4.4 mins; Total floating time 14.3 hours) and may produce patient compliance by means of reducing dosing frequency and provide chronotherapy for effective management of morning surge of hypertension.
NANOGUARD: REVOLUTIONIZING SKIN CARE WITH TOPICAL NANOSPONGES – A NOVEL APPROACH TO COMBAT SKIN INFECTIONS
Authors: Sharma Anchal , Krishan OM , Sharma Naman , Surya Ankita , Gautam Vinod K
Published: September 2024

Nanosponges are an innovative technique for dermatological formulations that offer controlled release and enhanced efficacy of active substances. This review investigates novel interactions between synthetic and natural components in nanosponge formulations with the goal of revolutionizing dermatological applications. Skin infections are mostly occurring on the skin’s surface, mostly in the epidermis’s upper layers. An effective barrier against external chemicals, including drugs, is provided by the stratum corneum (SC), the outermost layer of the epidermis. This review focuses on novel techniques to deliver the drug to the target size with accuracy and avoid any negative side effects. The novel formulations combine the therapeutic properties of herbal extracts with the precision of synthetic ingredients to offer enhanced therapeutic effects and a broader variety of applications that might revolutionize the treatment of skin infections. This abstract explores the collaborative potential of merging herbal and synthetic compounds to harness synergies for enhanced therapeutic outcomes.
PATTERN OF TREATMENT APPROACHES FOR PREECLAMPSIA DURING PREGNANCY
Authors: Verma Vaishali , Parashar Shaivi , Lata Kanka , Gaur Praveen Kumar , Kaushik Rahul , Sharma Vikas
Published: September 2024

Preeclampsia is a hypertensive disorder that is now predictable during its advanced stage of severity and that may cause risk to the life of the mother and fetus. Preeclampsia is a condition categorized by increase in systolic blood pressure from ≥140 mmHg and diastolic blood pressure from ≥90 mmHg on checking at least two times within 4 hours after 20 weeks of pregnancy for those women previously having normal blood pressure and other parameters like with or without proteinuria ≥0.3 gm test in urine within 24 hour or the ratio of protein /creatinine more than 0.3 mg/dl and thrombocytopenia, changes in renal functioning, hepatic dysfunction. In developing countries, preeclampsia is defined as a chief cause of maternal and perinatal mortality rates. Preeclampsia may be responsible for causing premature cardiovascular diseases, such as chronic hypertension, ischemic heart disease, and stroke to the mother or pregnant women, whereas children born from women having preeclampsia are at increased risk of such diseases like stroke, congestive heart failure, and metabolic disorder in adult life. For the management of preeclampsia, major factors that are necessary to maintain is screening of women at high risk and prevention from reoccurrence. Three groups of current preeclampsia management are (Preventive measures of preeclampsia, Primary examination, and management).
Streptomyces as a Novel Biotool for Azo Pigments Remediation in Contaminated Scenarios
Authors: Bautista-Pinzón Fernando , Fonseca-Ordoñez Juan , Falla-Obando Mayerlen , Gonzales-Tuta Jairo , Diaz-Barrera Luis
Published: September 2024

Background: Azo pigments are widely used in the textile and leather industry, and they generate diverse contaminants (mainly in wastewater effluents) that affect biological systems, the rhizosphere community, and the natural activities of certain species. Methods: This review was performed according to the Systematic Reviews and Meta Analyses (PRISMA) methodology. Results: In the last decade, the use of Streptomyces species as biological azo-degraders has increased, and these bacteria are mainly isolated from mangroves, dye-contaminated soil, and marine sediments. Azo pigments such as acid orange, indigo carmine, Congo red, and Evans blue are the most studied compounds for degradation, and Streptomyces produces extracellular enzymes such as peroxidase, laccase, and azo reductase. These enzymes cleave the molecule through asymmetric cleavage, followed by oxidative cleavage, desulfonation, deamination, and demethylation. Typically, some lignin-derived and phenolic compounds are used as mediators to improve enzyme activity. The degradation process generates diverse compounds, the majority of which are toxic to human cells and, in some cases, can improve the germination process in some horticulture plants. Conclusions: Future research should include analytical methods to detect all of the molecules that are generated in degradation processes to determine the involved reactions. Moreover, future studies should delve into consortium studies to improve degradation efficiency and observe the relationship between microorganisms to generate scale-up biotechnological applications in the wastewater treatment industry.
PX-478 Alleviated the Autism Spectrum Disorder Progression of Offspring Rats Induced by Prenatal Hypoxia
Authors: Yang Ying , Chen Jie , Li Tingyu , Dai Ying
Published: September 2024

Background: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition characterized by deficits in social interaction, communication, repetitive behaviors, and narrow interests. This study aimed to investigate the impact of the Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1α) inhibitor (PX-478) on ASD-like behaviors in rat offspring exposed to prenatal hypoxia (PH). Methods: Pregnant rats were randomly assigned to control or PH groups, with the latter experiencing six hours of hypoxia on the 17th day of gestation. Offspring were further treated with PX-478 treatment initiated at one week (+1 w) or three weeks (+3 w) after birth. Hippocampal histology was assessed using hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining, while protein levels of HIF-1α and phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) were analyzed via western blotting. The concentration of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) was measured using an Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) kit. Results: PX-478 treatment significantly improved spatial memory, learning, and social ability, while reducing anxiety-like behavior in PH-exposed offspring rats. HE staining revealed that PX-478 treatment decreased the number of hippocampal neurons necrosis in offspring. However, PX-478 treatment at one week post-birth led to decreased body weight and elevated levels of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) in offspring rats, whereas no significant effect was observed after three weeks of treatment. Additionally, PX-478 treatment resulted in reduced HIF-1α protein levels in the hippocampus and VEGF concentration in the serum of PH-exposed offspring rats, along with elevated PTEN protein levels. Conclusions: The findings suggest that PX-478 treatment attenuated autism-like behavior in offspring. HIF-1α might play an important role in autism-like behavior induced by prenatal hypoxia, which may be realized by inhibiting PTEN activity.
Relationships between Serum Lipid, Uric Acid Levels and Mild Cognitive Impairment in Parkinson's Disease and Multiple System Atrophy
Authors: Ren Xiaoqiao , Wang Pan , Wu Hao , Liu Shuai , Zhang Jinhong , Li Xiyu , Ji Yong , Shi Zhihong
Published: September 2024

Background: Mild cognitive impairment is one of the non-motor symptoms in Parkinson's disease (PD) and multiple system atrophy (MSA). Few studies have previously been conducted on the correlation between serum uric acid (SUA) and lipid levels and mild cognitive impairment in PD and MSA. Methods: Participants included 149 patients with PD and 99 patients with MSA. The Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) were used to evaluate cognitive function. Evaluations were conducted on SUA and lipid levels, which included triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and total cholesterol (TC). Results: Patients with PD and MSA diagnosed with mild cognitive impairment demonstrated multiple cognitive domain impairment when compared with patients with normal cognition. Attentional impairment was more pronounced in patients with MSA when compared with PD (p = 0.001). In PD, the risk of mild cognitive impairment was lower in the highest quartiles and secondary quartile of SUA than in the lowest quartiles (odds ratio [OR] = 0.281, 95% confidence intervals [CI]: 0.097–0.810, p = 0.019; and OR = 0.317, 95% CI: 0.110–0.911, p = 0.033). In MSA, the risk of mild cognitive impairment was lower in the third and highest quartile of SUA than in the lowest quartile (OR = 0.233, 95% CI: 0.063–0.868, p = 0.030; and OR = 0.218, 95% CI: 0.058–0.816, p = 0.024). In patients with PD, the MoCA scores were negatively correlated with TC levels (r = –0.226, p = 0.006) and positively correlated with SUA levels (r = 0.206, p = 0.012). In MSA, the MoCA scores were positively correlated with SUA levels (r = 0.353, p = 0.001). Conclusions: Lower SUA levels and higher TC levels are a possible risk factor for the risk and severity of mild cognitive impairment in PD. Lower SUA levels are a possible risk factor for the risk and severity of mild cognitive impairment in MSA.
Research Progress on Treating Spinal Cord Injury by Modulating the Phenotype of Microglia
Authors: Yu Qinghe , Cai Ziming , Liu Xiaofeng , Lin Shuhui , Li Pian , Ruan Ye , Liang Jinzhu , He Xu , Lin Wenping
Published: September 2024

Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a severe central nervous system disorder with no currently available effective treatment. Microglia are immune cells in the central nervous system that play crucial roles in the SCI occurrence, development, and recovery stages. They exhibit dynamic polarization over time and can switch between classical activation (M1) and alternative activation (M2) phenotypes to respond to environmental stimuli. The M1 phenotype is involved in initiating and sustaining inflammatory responses, while the M2 phenotype exerts anti-inflammatory effects and promotes tissue repair in damaged areas. Inhibiting M1 polarization and promoting M2 polarization have become hotspots in regulating neuroinflammation and treating SCI. This article provides a comprehensive review centered on modulating microglial polarization phenotypes for SCI treatment.
The Family as the Basic Value of Life in the Novel “The Body” by Fráňa Šrámek
Authors:   Vladimir Dal State Museum of the History of Russian Literature, Kravchenko Tatyana
Published: September 2024

The article discusses the history of the perception of Fráňa Šrámek's novel “The Body” by critics and readers from the moment of its publication in 1919 to the 1990s of the twentieth century. The image of the heroine created by Šrámek differed from the type of “new woman” common in European literature of the first decades of the twentieth century. In this regard, the main theme of the novel was considered to be the glorification of simple joys, sensual love and the union of a man and a woman based on it, as opposed to war, which kills both joy and love. Critics noted the typification of the characters' images, the symbolic encounter of the masculine and feminine principles, at the intersection of which the truth and meaning of life are manifested, as well as the impressionistic means of artistic expression characteristic of Šrámek's work. This article offers a different view of the novel. There is every reason to view not just the glorification of love and the union of masculine and feminine principles, but the creation of a family and the long journey that a husband and wife must go to become a family as the main theme of the novel. The article examines what exactly Fráňa Šrámek puts into the concept of “family”, and how much his understanding of family coincides with the generally accepted one. The article shows how the architectonics of the novel and the system of characters serve to reveal the theme. Focus was also on the place and role of the so-called “plug-in stories”, stories of minor characters, seemingly not directly related to the movement of the plot. From the point of view of the reader of the XXI century, the undoubted advantage of the novel is the impressionistic style of Fráňa Šrámek: thanks to it, where modern authors often resort to deliberately rude physiology, Šrámek remains an artist and a poet. The article also emphasizes the relevance that the novel acquires nowadays, when the problems of family life and demography become urgent for both Russia and Europe.
On the 100th Anniversary of the Birth of Valery Vasilievich Ivanov
Authors:   Russian State University of Education, Nizametdinova Nadirya
Published: September 2024

The article is devoted to the significant date – the 100th anniversary of the birth of the outstanding scholar, veteran of the Great Patriotic War Valery Vasilyevich Ivanov, whose scientific activity had a significant impact on the development of Russian philology. The article presents an overview of the scholar’s scientific works, which made a huge contribution to the study of history and dialectology of the Russian language, to the study of modern Russian literary language and lexicography. V.V. Ivanov is the author of more than 400 scientific and educational works on the history and dialectology of the Russian language, on the modern Russian language, on the problems of studying Russian as a foreign language and as a means of interethnic communication. The significance of the first university textbook on the historical grammar of the Russian language created by V.V. Ivanov and the first description of the phonological system of the Old Russian language is pointed out. The active participation of V.V. Ivanov as the author and editor in collective academic publications on the history of the Russian language, in publications of university textbooks on the modern Russian language is noted. V.V. Ivanov was one of the editors of “Russian Grammar” in 1980, the team of its creators was awarded the USSR State Prize. The activities of V.V. Ivanov as a brilliant organizer of science, as a scholar who had enormous international scientific authority, are covered. The important role of V.V. Ivanov as the editor-in-chief of the journal “Russian Speech” and a member of the editorial board of the journal “Philological Sciences” in the matter of philological education and science communication is emphasized. The works of this outstanding scholar continue to inspire and guide a new generation of scientists along the path of further research and discovery.
[Rev.] Podchasov N.A. Protracted Transformation: Bulgariain Search of a New Path Forward. Moscow: IMEMO RAN, 2023. 156 p. ISBN978-5-9535-0621-2
Authors:   Institute of Slavic Studies, Russian Academy of Sciences, Gusev Nikita
Published: September 2024

In 2023, a book on a rare topic, the contemporary history of Bulgaria, was published. The lack of high-quality work on this topic in itself causes interest in the published work and the need for its review. Researcher at IMEMO RAS N.A. Podchasov reviewed the last decades of development of the country, the dynamics of socio-economic processes, domestic and foreign policy. The book contains a large amount of factual material, statistical information, and the author's concept of periodization of modern Bulgarian politics is proposed. For the Russian reader, the first section on the socio-economic development of the country after the transit of 1989 will be of particular importance. It contains information about the dynamics of various indicators in this area, successfully compiled by the author in tables and graphs. The second chapter shows the specifics of the country's political life, focusing on the last decade and a half and especially on the current crisis. In the third, the author demonstrates Bulgaria's foreign policy in various directions: Euro-Atlantic, intra-Balkan, Russian and Chinese. The book will be useful to researchers, can be used in the educational process in the preparation of historians and regional specialists, and the book will be able to familiarize the general reader with the development of this country after it ceased to be one of the socialist republics.
XIII International Conference “Modern Orthodox Hymnography”
Authors:   Institute of Slavic Studies, Russian Academy of Sciences, Trefilova Olga
Published: September 2024

The XIII International Conference “Modern Orthodox Hymnography”, organized by the Research Center for the Church Slavonic Language Studies in the Institute of Russian Language of the Russian Academy of Sciences and held on 14th March 2024, was devoted to the translation, transliteration, commenting, textual analysis and use of textual versions of Orthodox liturgical texts. Рapers were presented by scholars who study Greek Orthodox hymnal texts and their translations into Syriac, Church Slavonic, and English. Special attention was paid to the issues of Church Slavonic literature and textual studies. The translation strategies that are found in Church Slavonic and English Orthodox liturgical texts were analyzed by Sergey Durasov and Alexandr Andreev; editing, transformation, graphic transmission of Church Slavonic texts in different historical epochs were discussed in the papers of Tatiana Afanasyeva, Irina Kornilayeva, Maria Nefiodova, Tatiana Levshenko; the creation and functioning of the original Greek hymnal genres were considered in the presentations of Alexandra Nikiforova and Oleg Rodionov. Τhe papers of Alexandr Lukashevich and Alexey Pentkovskiy were devoted to isosyllabic and equimelodic translations from Greek into Syriac and Old Slavonic, respectively. Svetlana Šašerina examined the Church Slavonic manuscript tradition of the XVII–XVIII centuries, entrenched in the Carpathians among Greek Catholics. Alexandra Pletneva and Alexandr Kravetsky reviewed prayers to the locally venerated Russian saints, which were distributed on engraved sheets long before these saints were canonized. Abbot Panteleimon (Koroliov) and Damir Petrov proposed a method for detecting similarities in hymnal texts based on Church Slavonic data.
Factors Influencing Perceptions and Reactions to Sexual Harassment among Chinese College Students
Authors: feixin
Published: September 2024

Sexual harassment, a pervasive form of gender-based violence, inflicts profound adverse effects on survivors. Observers' perceptions and responses to such incidents shape their attitudes and behaviors. A systematic comprehension of the determinants that influence observers' perception of harassment, as well as tendencies for victim-blaming and sympathy, is crucial for devising efficacious intervention strategies. However, the existing body of research on this subject is fragmented, and studies within the Chinese context are notably scarce. This study examined the factors that influence observers' perceptions and reactions to sexual harassment in China, including the type of harassment (gender harassment, unwanted sexual attention, or sexual coercion), observer gender, and observer characteristics (empathy, moral sensitivity, willingness to engage in feminist behaviors, sexism, sexual narcissism, sexual harassment myths, and tolerance of sexual harassment). The type of harassment and the gender of the observers influenced their perception of harassment, emotional response, the level of blame attributed to the victims, and their sympathy toward the victims' suffering. Observer characteristics further modulated perceptions and reactions, bifurcating into two distinct systems. Observers with heightened empathy, moral sensitivity, and feminist action readiness (the positive system) exhibited increased sensitivity, emotional connection, sympathy, and reduced victim-blaming. Conversely, those with elevated sexism, sexual narcissism, sexual harassment myth endorsement, and harassment tolerance (the negative system) demonstrated diminished sensitivity, emotional engagement, sympathy, and augmented victim-blaming. The findings indicate that effective interventions to prevent and reduce sexual harassment should address the underlying beliefs and values that influence how people perceive and respond to sexual harassment.
Exploring the interaction between cannabis, hearing, and music
Authors: Darakjian Lena , Glassman Harley , Lo Chi Yhun , Russo Frank
Published: September 2024

Cannabis use has long been associated with enhanced music experiences, yet scientific research on its effects on auditory perception remains limited. This mixed-methods retrospective study investigated how recreational cannabis users experience audition and music, while high. A total of 104 participants completed an online questionnaire, 15 of which were selected to participate in an optional semi-structured interview. Quantitative analyses revealed that participants reported significantly greater hearing sensitivity (p < 0.001) and levels of state absorption (p < 0.001) while high compared to sober. Higher trait absorption in music was associated with greater state absorption while high. Qualitative thematic analysis identified four main themes: (1) Altered Cognitive Processes and Reinterpretations, (2) Auditory Perceptual Effects from New Sensations to Sensory Overload, (3) Emotional Openness, Sensitivity, and Regulation, and (4) Embodiment, Immersion, and Out-of-Body Dissociation. This study provides a framework to understand the complex interactions between cannabis, hearing, and musical experience.
Violence against women in India: Levels and trends of incidence and reporting
Authors: Gupta Aashish , Sharma Kanika
Published: September 2024

Understanding trends in the extent of violence against women can be helpful in challenging violence against women and gender inequality. In this article, we compare the incidence of violence, as measured in the National Family Health Surveys, to the reporting of violence, as compiled by the National Crime Records Bureau. We also shed light on heterogeneity in incidence and reporting across India’s states. We find that violence against women is common, that most violence against women is not reported to the police, that violence by husbands is less likely to be reported than violence by others, and that the reporting of violence has not improved over the last decade and a half. These concerning findings highlight the urgent need for social and legal interventions to reduce violence against women, and to improve its reporting.
Constructing Moral Authority: Affective Recognition and Ethical Visibility in Socially Oriented Branded Content
Authors: Scalvini Marco
Published: September 2024

This article examines how socially oriented branded content contributes to public perceptions of ethical engagement, focusing on the ways brands construct moral authority through their narrative strategies. Introducing the concept of ontological erasure, the study explores how certain groups and struggles are deliberately rendered invisible or depoliticized. Through reflexive thematic analysis and semiotic analysis, the research reveals how empathy is framed selectively to align with commercial interests, transforming ethical engagement into an emotional transaction designed for consumption. The findings demonstrate how brands curate visibility and moral recognition, deciding which causes receive public attention while marginalizing others. By developing the concept of affective recognition, this study highlights the selective emotional engagement embedded in branded content and considers the implications for public understanding of social justice and moral responsibility. The theoretical contribution advances the ethics of visibility, demonstrating how the boundaries of epistemic justice are redefined within the economy of empathy.
Population Growth and Its Distribution in Nepal : A Synopsis
Authors: Mathema Kanhaiya
Published: September 2024

Not Available.
Manufacturing Establishments in the Contribution of National Income of Nepal
Authors: Koirala Govinda P.
Published: September 2024

Not available.
Internal and International Migration in Nepal
Authors: K.C. Bal Kumar
Published: September 2024

Not Available.
Some Observations on the Development Projects (I.R.D.P.) in Garhwal Himalaya
Authors: Singh S.C.
Published: September 2024

Not Available.
Transport and General Workers’ Union in Leamington Spa
Authors: Richardson Ben
Published: September 2024

This short article details the little known links between the Transport and General Workers’ Union (TGWU) and the Warwickshire town of Leamington Spa, from its formation in 1921 to the post-war activities of its future General Secretary, Jack Jones.
Social Work Archives and the ‘Classic’ Postwar British Welfare State
Authors: Lambert Michael
Published: September 2024

This paper explores how I have used the collections held at the University of Warwick Modern Records Centre (MRC) to understand how the welfare state works from the inside; or within. Histories of the ‘classic’ postwar British welfare state are mostly either from above or below. This informs the approach and types of sources used. From above, histories of social security, health services and welfare provision are told through legislation, policy documents and government departmental archives. From below, histories of gendered, classed, or racial marginalisation are reconstructed through oral interviews, community and activist archives, and careful reading of official sources against the grain. Using different organisational, professional and individual collections relating to social work held at Warwick, this paper explores how officials did a range of health, welfare and social work whilst being squeezed from above and pressed from below. Ultimately, the view from within revealed by these sources exposes the emergent, contested, and complex relational dynamics of mundane policy and practice which shaped the ‘classic’ postwar British welfare state from 1945 to 1976.
Transnational Encounters and Popular Propaganda
Authors: Wardhaugh Jessica
Published: September 2024

Despite the wealth of scholarly research on the French Resistance, there are many aspects that remain in the shadows or ‘penumbra’ surrounding the more brightly-lit central organisations. Focusing on the resources and connections of French trade unionists in London exile — usually peripheral to accounts of wartime trade unionism — this critical reflection explores the potential of the MRC’s collections to open up new research perspectives and possibilities. It foregrounds two key themes meriting further exploration: transnational encounters and popular propaganda. It first examines how French delegates of the Confédération Générale du Travail (CGT) worked not only with their counterparts in occupied France but equally with members of British trade unions and the Labour Party in a complex network of relationships between individuals and associations. Second, it uses a close analysis of some of the resistance flyers received — and sometimes translated and disseminated — by the CGT in London to highlight visual and rhetorical strategies of resistance in popular propaganda. Cumulatively, these case studies invite a wider reflection on how resistance should be defined, and on its spaces, strategies, and balances of power.
Young Investigator Interview with CSCI Awardee, Dr. Kenneth Rockwood
Authors: Patel Salonee V. , Rockwood Kenneth
Published: September 2024

[Figure: see text] Dr. Kenneth Rockwood is a Professor of Medicine in the Division of Geriatric Medicine and Neurology and Clinical Research Professor of Frailty and Aging at Dalhousie University, as well as an actively practising geriatric physician. Dr. Rockwood has made significant contributions to geriatric medicine and research, including his involvement in developing the Clinical Frailty Scale. He has been recognized with countless prestigious awards, the most recent being the Distinguished Scientist Award from the Canadian Society for Clinical Investigation.
Recreational running as a means of training for the development of strength endurance for children and adolescents
Authors: Arkhypov O.A.
Published: September 2024

In this article, we consider practical recommendations for the use of jogging in training children and adolescents in order to improve health and physical condition. A detailed description of the warm-up is provided, which consists of light jogging or brisk walking. Its duration depends on some features. Warm-up as a start prepares the organs and systems of the body for future effective and economical work. After warming up, jogging or walking, it is advisable to do 8-10 general developmental exercises, which should affect different parts of the body system. First, warm-up exercises are provided for the feet, they are warmed up with circular movements and shaking. Then you should warm up the muscles of the neck, the muscles of the shoulder girdle, the muscles of the abdomen and the muscles of the lower extremities. The following are provided with the most popular jogging programs, with a list of motor tasks and exercises, self-control and exercise in terms of feeling the pulse. The characteristics of training in the elements of running technique are designed to increase the effectiveness of training. We also consider the possibility of proper understanding of the sequence of movements in jogging during the performance, we recommend the most general principles that should be followed: