bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
INVESTIGATIONS ON VERTICAL LAND MOVEMENTS ALONG THE NORTH SEA AND BALTIC SEA COAST IN GERMANY WITH PS INTERFEROMETRY
Authors: Riedel A. , Riedel B. , Tengen D. , Gerke M.
Published: June 2019

Abstract. The project ‘Determinations on the absolute sea-level rise on the German North Sea and Baltic Sea coasts’, funded by the Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) , has the overall goal to estimate the absolute sea level change in those coastal areas. A major issue associated with detecting absolute sea level changes is the relative character of tidal records. To calibrate the tidal records, a spatial vertical land movement model for northern Germany has been set up. To this end we combined a network from German Height Reference Systems (Deutsches Haupthöhennetz, DHHN 95 and DHHN 2016), reprocessed data from 180 permanent GNSS stations and results from Persistent Scatterer (PS) Interferometry.PS processing covers an approximately 50 km wide strip along the 1200 km long German coast. We processed two tracks from Sentinel-1A and -1B from October 2014 to September 2018 and generated a combined spatial solution for the estimation of vertical land movement. In general, vertical velocities from PS Interferometry range between ±2 mm/a and show a homogeneous distribution for coastal areas. Therefore we consider them as stable. We observe subsidence in the area around Groningen and Emden through hydrocarbon extraction. In Wilhelmshaven and Etzel subsidence associated with cavern storage is visible.Processed GNSS data and PSI results overlap in time from 2014 to 2016. The integration of the spatial multi-temporal PS results with point-wise GNSS time series data are required, as they form the main input data for the further development of our vertical displacement model of northern Germany.
Unassisted establishment of biological soil crusts on dryland road slopes
Authors: Concostrina-Zubiri Laura , Arenas Juan M. , Martínez Isabel , Escudero Adrián
Published: June 2019

Abstract. Understanding patterns of habitat natural recovery after
human-made disturbances is critical for the conservation of ecosystems under
high environmental stress, such as drylands. In particular, the unassisted
establishment of nonvascular plants such as biological soil crusts or
biocrust communities (e.g., soil lichens, mosses and cyanobacteria) in newly
formed habitats is not yet fully understood. However, the potential of
biocrusts to improve soil structure and function at the early stages of
succession and promote ecosystem recovery is enormous. In this study, we
evaluated the capacity of lichen biocrusts to spontaneously establish and
develop on road slopes in a Mediterranean shrubland. We also compared
taxonomic and functional diversity of biocrusts between road slopes and
natural habitats in the surroundings. Biocrust richness and cover, species
composition, and functional structure were measured in 17 road slopes (nine
roadcuts and eight embankments) along a 13 km highway stretch. Topography, soil
properties and vascular plant communities of road slopes were also
characterized. We used Kruskal–Wallis tests and applied redundancy analysis
(RDA) to test the effect of environmental scenario (road slopes vs. natural
habitat) and other local factors on biocrust features. We found that
biocrusts were common in road slopes after ∼20 years of
construction with no human assistance needed. However, species richness and
cover were still lower than in natural remnants. Also, functional structure
was quite similar between roadcuts (i.e., after soil excavation) and natural
remnants, and topography and soil properties influenced species composition
while environmental scenario type and vascular plant cover did not. These
findings further support the idea of biocrusts as promising restoration
tools in drylands and confirm the critical role of edaphic factors in
biocrust establishment and development in land-use change scenarios.
Una prueba del interés de Galeno por la transmisión manuscrita y la crítica textual
Authors: López Férez Juan Antonio
Published: June 2019

Un pasaje de Galeno (Comentario a Epidemias VI) muestra claramente su interés por la transmisión manuscrita y la crítica textual.
70º aniversario de la Escuela de Salud Pública
Authors: Zúñiga Verónica , Bravo Sandra
Published: June 2019

Incluye discurso del Director de la Escuela de Salud Pública, Dr. Oscar Arteaga y el saludo de la Dra. Erica Taucher.
Conocimiento sobre medicina física y rehabilitación de los médicos del sistema público de salud de la Región Metropolitana de Chile
Authors: Salgado Dalila , Berna Lorena
Published: June 2019

Más de mil millones de personas viven en el mundo en situación de discapacidad. La Medicina Física y Rehabilitación (MFR) o Fisiatría es la especialidad médica que con un enfoque transdisciplinario es responsable de la prevención, diagnóstico y tratamiento rehabilitador de las personas en situación de discapacidad (PSD). La literatura internacional reporta que un importante número de personas en situación de discapacidad no han recibido el manejo y soporte adecuados, pudiendo ello deberse en parte a la falta de conocimientos de los médicos sobre los alcances de la MFR. Objetivo: Explorar el conocimiento existente respecto a la especialidad MFR entre los médicos que trabajan en el sistema público de salud (SPS) de la Región Metropolitana (RM) de Chile. Método: Estudio descriptivo de corte transversal. Se aplicó una encuesta confeccionada y validada para explorar el conocimiento de los médicos sobre la MFR en 27 centros de salud de la RM. Resultados: 131 médicos de diferentes especialidades contestaron la encuesta. El 24,07% de los pacientes por ellos atendidos correspondía a PSD. El 39,7% de los encuestados respondió “nunca” derivar pacientes al médico fisiatra y el 74,8% reconoció no estar completamente interiorizado sobre las áreas que involucra la MFR. Conclusión: El conocimiento sobre la MFR entre los encuestados es parcial. Áreas específicas del quehacer del fisiatra y algunas instituciones en las cuales trabajan son desconocidas. Un importante número de pacientes podría no estar recibiendo oportunamente evaluación fisiátrica y tratamiento rehabilitador, perpetuando o incluso agravando la condición inicial. Se deben crear mecanismos de difusión de esta rama médica en los equipos de salud para un mejor conocimiento e integración de la rehabilitación en Chile.
Aprendizaje basado en problemas como recurso pedagógico en el cambio de la conducta sedentaria en jóvenes universitarios
Authors: Zamora Juan Diego , Maroto Orlando
Published: June 2019

Introducción: El sedentarismo es considerado un problema de salud pública por sus implicaciones para la salud física y emocional afectando a entre un 85 y un 90% de los jóvenes universitarios. Objetivo: Conocer el efecto de la implementación de la metodología del Aprendizaje Basado en Problemas (ABP) como recurso pedagógico en el cambio de la conducta sedentaria en jóvenes universitarios del curso Actividad Deportiva de la Universidad de Costa Rica. Material y Métodos: Participaron 96 universitarios (48 hombres y 48 mujeres), promedio de edad de 18±2,3 años. Se utilizó como recurso pedagógico la metodología del ABP para propiciar el cambio de la conducta sedentaria. El cambio de la conducta sedentaria se evaluó por medio del aumento de la actividad física (AF) realizada durante la semana. Se realizó el Pre-test, para conocer la cantidad de días a la semana que los universitarios dedicaban a la práctica de AF. Se implementó el método ABP durante 12 semanas, posteriormente se realizó el Post-test, para conocer la cantidad de AF que realizaron durante la semana posterior a la implementación del recurso pedagógico. Se aplicó un ANOVA de dos vías con el fin de identificar diferencia significativa entre mediciones. Resultados: Se identificaron cambios significativos en la cantidad de AF entre la medición Pre-test y Post-test; sin embargo, no se identificó diferencia significativa en las mediciones obtenidas entre hombres y mujeres. Conclusión: La implementación de la estrategia de enseñanza ABP permitió un cambio en la conducta sedentaria en un grupo de jóvenes universitarios, propiciando un aumento significativo en la práctica de AF realizada durante la semana. Se identificó que la estrategia del ABP tuvo el mismo efecto positivo en los hombres como en las mujeres.
Laryngeal sarcoidoisis – a case report
Authors: Michałkowska-Pędzisz Magdalena , Raczkowska-Łabuda Karolina , Dobrzyński Paweł
Published: June 2019

Introduction. Sarcoidosis is a multi-organ disease characterized by noncaseating granulomas. The lesions are usually localized within the lungs and hilar lymph nodes. The sarcoidosis of the upper respiratory tract (SURT) rate is estimated at 0.5-6%. The involvement of the larynx is extremely rare - it occurs in 1.2% of cases of SURT. Materials and methods. We present a case of a patient with laryngeal sarcoidosis. Results. A 48-year-old man had had a diagnosed of dysphonia for 5 years. A diagnosis of chronic hypertrophic laryngitis was made. Empirical course of methylprednisolone was attempted with a short-term improvement. Due to coexisting skin lesions, he was diagnosed with allergy. Chest CT showed moderately enlarged mediastinal and hilar lymph nodes as well as bilateral nodules around the hila. The bronchial biopsy showed no granulomas. Samples taken during microlaryngoscopy revealed sarcoid infiltrates. Conclusions and discussion. There is no unambiguous test confirming the diagnosis of sarcoidosis. It is a typical example of a diagnosis by exclusion. Laryngeal involvement is extremely rare and occurs in 1.2% of cases of SURT. The clinical course of the disease is often difficult to predict. In many patients, the lesion may undergo spontaneous regression. In patients poorly responding to steroid therapy or developing side effects, cytotoxic drugs may be considered.
Evaluation of compliance of the principles of voice hygiene and emission among teachers
Authors: Rosłaniec Anna , Sielska-Badurek Ewelina
Published: June 2019

Introduction: Teachers constitute an occupational group where voice disorders associated with vocation are most often observed. Incorrect voice emission and neglect of voice hygiene are mentioned among the causes of those disorders.

Aim: Assessment of compliance with voice hygiene and emission among teachers and determination of differences between preschool and primary school teachers; identifying relationships between provided answers and age, years of service and weekly work hours as well as determining which principles of voice hygiene and emission are complied with the most and which are least followed.

Material and methods: Study included 90 preschool and primary school teachers, 68 women and 22 men with mean age of 39.5 ± 10.9 (range: 23-59 years). In the study we used a questionnaire created specifically for this purpose and a survey, where respondents reported their age, workplace, years of service and number of hours when they used their voice.

Results: Teachers provided answers consistent with the principles of voice hygiene and emission in about half of questions on average. There was a relationship between workplace, age and the degree of compliance with the rules of voice hygiene and emission. To the smallest extent teachers followed the rules related to physical activity, water consumption as well as voice emission during infection and in noise.
Conclusions: Studies corroborated the need for training teachers regarding voice hygiene and emission.
Acoustic ocular vestibulat evoked miogenic ptotentials (AC-oVEMP) in assessment of vertigo
Authors: Zwierzyńska Klaudyna , Lachowska Magdalena , Sokołowski Jacek , Tataj Emanuel , Niemczyk Kazimierz
Published: June 2019

Evaluation of acoustic vestibular evoked myogenic potentials (AC-VEMPs) is one of the tests performed to assess the function of the balance system. Evaluation of acoustic ocular vestibular evoked myogenic potentials (AC-oVEMPs) consists in the measurement of potentials evoked within oculomotor muscles, particularly the inferior oblique muscles (the most superficial muscles) with impulses being transmitted along the superior branch of the vestibular nerve from the utricular macula. Despite the fact that the measurement of oVEMPs was introduced relatively recently, it has found widespread use as a diagnostic tool in otology and neurotology. Despite the growing number of literature reports, the methodology of the test and the methods for the interpretation of its results are still subject to debate. This article is dedicated to various aspects of AC-oVEMP tests, including the methodology of the test, interpretation of its results and potential use in the diagnostics of vertigo.
‘Generic’ Versus ‘Mature’ Measures of Christian Religiosity : Comparing two Quantitative Measures of Religiosity
Authors: O’connell Erin P. , Abbott Roger P. , White Robert S.
Published: June 2019

A wide range of survey-based tools has been developed to measure religiosity, although the most commonly applied approaches tend to focus on ‘generic’ interpretations of religiosity for practical and generalising reasons. However, these generic approaches have not always been satisfactory due to the lack of variation in responses and the potential for poor correlation between the generic religiosity measure and the overall impact of faith in respondents’ lives, particularly in less secular contexts. This led us to explore whether there is a difference between measuring religiosity using a ‘generic’ versus a ‘mature’ approach using 227 Christian respondents on Bantayan Island, the Philippines. The findings suggest that overall religiosity among our respondents was high for both measures, that the measures are strongly correlated, and that there was no statistically significant difference between the scores for each scale; however, there was evidence to suggest that the two scales are examining different dimensions of religiosity. When correlating the two religiosity scores to other scales on our survey, there was no statistically significant difference among the correlations when using the mature or generic measure of religiosity. This has important implications for mental health and care research methodologies, for which we highlight the importance of using contextually appropriate measures that incorporate various dimensions of religiosity.
What Do God and Creatures Really Do in an Evolutionary Change? Divine Concurrence and Transformism from the Thomistic Perspective
Authors: Tabaczek Mariusz ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: June 2019

Many enthusiasts of theistic evolution willingly accept Aquinas’s distinction between primary and secondary causes, to describe theologically “the mechanics” of evolutionary transformism. However, their description of the character of secondary causes in relation to God’s creative action oftentimes lacks precision. To some extent, the situation within the Thomistic camp is similar when it comes to specifying the exact nature of secondary and instrumental causes at work in evolution. Is it right to ascribe all causation in evolution to creatures—acting as secondary and instrumental causes? Is there any space for a more direct divine action in evolutionary transitions? This article offers a new model of explaining the complexity of the causal nexus in the origin of new biological species, including the human species, analyzed in reference to both the immanent and transcendent orders of causation.
The Impact of Virtual Communities on Cultural Identity
Authors: Baltezarevic Radoslav , Baltezarevic Borivoje , Kwiatek Piotr , Baltezarevic Vesna ,   Romanian Academy - Iasi Branch
Published: June 2019

The emergence of the Internet and various forms of virtual communities has led to the impact of a new social space on individuals who frequently replace the real world with alternative forms of socializing. In virtual communities, new ‘friendships’ are easily accepted; however, how this acceptance influences cultural identity has not been investigated. Based on the data collected from 443 respondents in the Republic of Serbia, authors analyze this connexion, as well as how the absorption of others’ cultural values is reflected on the local cultural values. The results show that the adoption of others’ cultural values diminished the bond with the local community. The present paper adds to the theory of virtual communities by examining the relationship between the acceptance of an unknown person in a virtual community and its effects on cultural identity. This study contributes to the clarification of the impact that virtual networking has on cultural identity.
A Hegelian Reading of Derrida’s The Beast and the Sovereign, Vol. I, to Philosophically Expound Ambedkar’s Critique of Caste in his 1932 “Statement of Gandhji’s Fast”
Authors: Sampath Rajesh ,   Romanian Academy - Iasi Branch
Published: June 2019

This paper will attempt a Hegelian reading of Derrida’s Beast and the Sovereign Vol 1 lectures to unpack certain apories and paradoxes in Ambedkar’s brief 1932 statement on modern India’s founding figure, Gandhi. In that small text Ambedkar is critical of Gandhi’s seemingly saintly attempt at fasting himself to death. Ambedkar diagnoses that Gandhi’s act of self-sacrifice conceals a type of subtle coercion of certain political decisions during India’s independent movement from British colonialism. In order to unpack philosophical assumptions in Ambedkar’s statement, this paper examines Derrida’s startlingly original insights into animality, law, and sovereignty in confronting two of the Western tradition’s giants in political philosophy, namely Hobbes and Schmitt. My intuition is that Derridean deconstruction can be expanded further by deploying certain Hegelian resources. My ultimate aim is to show how Western notions of man, soul, God, the sovereign, and the state begin to dissolve when examining the Hindu metaphysical cosmology of the caste system. My thesis and concluding reflections argue that only by destroying that cosmological system of politico-metaphysical inequality can a true democratic notion of the sovereign state emerge in the Indian context.
Reflections on . . . Leading x Nudging
Authors: Mower Deborah S. ,   Society for Ethics Across the Curriculum
Published: June 2019

I develop a taxonomy of various approaches to leadership which I label the ethical decision-making, managerial obligation, role typology, and creativity conceptions of leadership. Each approach makes distinctive assumptions about the task and educational responsibilities in educating for ethical leadership. Although each of these approaches are extremely valuable, I find them limited in that they all rely on what I call an agentic model. Using the concepts of choice architects and choice architecture from nudge theory, I argue for a new metaphysical model—a systems-design model—that captures the complex and interactive dynamic of a host of metaphysical entities and contextual factors. This new metaphysical model of the context of leadership and the function of leaders within it yields a theory of leadership, which I dub the ethical systems-design conception of leadership.
Trabalho colaborativo entre os professores do ensino regular e da educação especial
Authors: Casal João Carlos Vieira , Fragoso Francisca Maria Rochas Almas
Published: June 2019

Este estudo pretende conhecer e compreender o trabalho de articulação que os professores do ensino regular estabelecem com os professores de educação especial. A metodologia segue uma perspetiva qualitativa. A estratégia de investigação utilizada para a recolha de dados, é o inquérito por questionário, que foi aplicado a duas populações de professores, do ensino regular e da educação especial do mesmo nível de ensino. Às respostas dos questionários foi aplicada uma análise de conteúdos. Os resultados permitem concluir da necessidade de tornar compatíveis os horários dos professores do ensino regular e de educação especial, de desenvolver a cultura e o trabalho colaborativo e de melhorar a formação dos professores.
Implicações da Língua de Sinais na aquisição da escrita de filhos ouvintes de pais surdos
Authors: Streiechen Eliziane Manosso , Lemke Cibele Krause , Cruz Gilmar de Carvalho
Published: June 2019

Este artigo tem como objetivo discutir a interferência da língua de sinais na aquisição da linguagem escrita de um sujeito ouvinte (10 anos de idade) filho de mãe surda. A pesquisa foi realizada em uma cidade do interior do Estado do Paraná, onde esse sujeito reside. Trata-se de um estudo de natureza qualitativa, de cunho etnográfico, apoiada em um estudo de caso. Os registros foram coletados por meio de entrevistas realizadas com professores, psicóloga e equipe pedagógica das escolas, onde o sujeito estudou e com o próprio sujeito. Os resultados confirmam a tendência de que a maioria dos filhos ouvintes de pais surdos tornam-se bilíngues, pelo fato de dominarem duas línguas (a de sinais e a língua oral). A língua de sinais incide no processo de aquisição da linguagem escrita desses alunos, visto que, ao internalizarem a estrutura sintática dessa língua e também da língua portuguesa, natural e simultaneamente, pode acarretar a mistura dessas línguas no momento da elaboração da escrita. Tal fato pode gerar consequências negativas no processo escolar, uma vez que os aspectos da cultura surda, vivenciados tanto pelos pais surdos quanto pelos filhos ouvintes, são totalmente negligenciados pela maioria das escolas. Pretende-se, com este artigo, contribuir com a área da Educação ao se destacar que os filhos de pais surdos, ainda que não carreguem o estereótipo da deficiência, necessitam de um olhar especial e diferenciado por parte da escola, a fim de que esses sujeitos não sejam excluídos de um efetivo processo de ensino e aprendizagem.
Educação e deficiência visual: uma revisão de literatura
Authors: Valentini Carla Beatris , Bisol Cláudia Alquati , Paim Luani Dos Santos , Ehlers Ana Paula Fachinetto
Published: June 2019

As políticas educacionais têm permitido avanços no ingresso de pessoas com deficiência visual em escolas comuns. No entanto, no cotidiano das escolas, ainda se encontram dificuldades no processo de escolarização desses estudantes. O objetivo do presente estudo é analisar a produção referente à deficiência visual na área da educação formal e não-formal, a partir de artigos científicos publicados em periódicos nacionais e internacionais. Foi realizada uma pesquisa de revisão bibliográfica que abarcou 66 artigos nacionais indexados nas bases de dados SciELO, Scopus e Portal de Periódicos da CAPES e 142 artigos internacionais presentes no ERIC e no EBSCO Host, publicados entre 2005 e 2016. Inicialmente, realizou-se análise estatística descritiva dos artigos nacionais e internacionais e em um segundo momento, análise das referências bibliográficas utilizadas nos artigos nacionais. Apresenta-se a distribuição das publicações ao longo do período pesquisado, os delineamentos e métodos encontrados, as características dos participantes e os periódicos que publicaram esses estudos com mais frequência, comparando os dados nacionais e internacionais. A análise das referências bibliográficas utilizadas nos artigos nacionais, por sua vez, possibilitou identificar os principais autores utilizados, o tipo de suporte e a língua predominantes. Percebe-se que as pesquisas têm avançado nas últimas décadas, no entanto há desafios e tensões que permitem novos estudos e articulação de temáticas ainda pouco exploradas.
GPIHBP1 expression in gliomas promotes utilization of lipoprotein-derived nutrients
Authors: Hu Xuchen , Matsumoto Ken , Jung Rachel S , Weston Thomas A , Heizer Patrick J , He Cuiwen , Sandoval Norma P , Allan Christopher M , Tu Yiping , Vinters Harry V , Liau Linda M , Ellison Rochelle M , Morales Jazmin E , Baufeld Lynn J , Bayley Nicholas A , He Liqun , Betsholtz Christer , Beigneux Anne P , Nathanson David A , Gerhardt Holger , Young Stephen G , Fong Loren G , Jiang Haibo
Published: June 2019

GPIHBP1, a GPI-anchored protein of capillary endothelial cells, binds lipoprotein lipase (LPL) within the subendothelial spaces and shuttles it to the capillary lumen. GPIHBP1-bound LPL is essential for the margination of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (TRLs) along capillaries, allowing the lipolytic processing of TRLs to proceed. In peripheral tissues, the intravascular processing of TRLs by the GPIHBP1–LPL complex is crucial for the generation of lipid nutrients for adjacent parenchymal cells. GPIHBP1 is absent from the capillaries of the brain, which uses glucose for fuel; however, GPIHBP1 is expressed in the capillaries of mouse and human gliomas. Importantly, the GPIHBP1 in glioma capillaries captures locally produced LPL. We use NanoSIMS imaging to show that TRLs marginate along glioma capillaries and that there is uptake of TRL-derived lipid nutrients by surrounding glioma cells. Thus, GPIHBP1 expression in gliomas facilitates TRL processing and provides a source of lipid nutrients for glioma cells.
Improving survival prediction for melanoma
Authors: Artomov Mykyta
Published: June 2019

The survival of patients with cutaneous melanoma can be accurately predicted using just four DNA methylation marks.
Comparison of Temporal Bone Tomography Findings of Chronic Otitis Media with Intraoperative Findings
Authors: Moghaddam Yalda Jabbari , Chalabianloo Farnaz
Published: June 2019

Background and Objectives: Chronic otitis media is considered a common disease in our region. There are various methods for evaluation of chronic suppurative otitis media including otoscopy, CT scan, X-ray, and MRI. Nowadays, computed tomography or CT scan is used as the selected method to investigate the temporal bone. This study aims to collect the intraoperative findings and compare them with preoperative reports of temporal bone CT scans. Materials and Methods: The patients’ data with chronic otitis media who were reviewed tomographically, hospitalized and operated between 2012 and 2014 in Tabriz Sina Hospital by only one otolarynologist included in this study collected. Results: The most common lesion based on the highest frequency and percentage is Tympanosclerosis. 21.4 percent of patients whom Tympanosclerosis were not diagnosed preoperatively, found during the surgery. 78.9 And 21.1 percent of bone erosions have been diagnosed by CT scan and by direct vision, respectively. Conclusion: Although preoperative CT of Middle ear lesions is useful for surgery planning but some lesion may not be completely diagnosed by CT scan and intraoperative assessment of surgical field is crucial.
A Giant Sacrococcygeal Chordoma: Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Yang Xiang , Richard Seidu A. , Zhao Wei , Liu Jiagang , Huang Siqing
Published: June 2019

Introduction: Chordomas are rare low-grade malignant lesions that are mostly seen in the spine. They constitute about 1% of intracranial tumors and 3-4% of all primary bone tumors. The principal spinal location is usually the sacrococcygeal and infrequently the sphenooccipital and cervical areas. Case Presentation: We present a 74-year-old man with a huge sacrococcygeal mass extending to both buttocks. Computerized tomography (CT-scan) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) as well as computerized tomographic angiography (CTA) evaluations were suggestive to chordoma. Immunohistochemical analysis confirmed the diagnosis after the patient was successfully operated on. All aggravating symptoms resolved after the operation. Conclusion: The management of giant sacrococcygeal chordomas can be very challenging but with all-inclusive treatment, complete cure is achievable although recurrence can occur. In our case, surgery alone was curative. Preoperative CTA aided us in achieving total tumor resection.
Evaluation of Quality of Life and Ergonomic Risks in Workers of the Furniture Sector in Southeastern Brazil
Authors: Vasconce Guilherme Bongiovani Tavares De , Nascimento Glícia Silvania Pedroso , Lima Roldão Carlos Andrade , Vieira Marlice Paes Leme , Schettino Stanley , Minette Luciano José , Minette Luciano José
Published: June 2019

This study evaluated ergonomically the workers of a furniture industry making sofa structures, located in the city of Visconde do Rio Branco, Minas Gerais State, between August 2016 and December 2016, aiming to evaluate the quality of life and the ergonomic risks of the workers present. It was evaluated a population of 66 workers, including assemblers of sofa structures and carpentry machine operators, both males. Initially, all of these were submitted to the pain test, performed by means of questions regarding the greatest and least muscular discomfort, with the help of a map of the musculature of the human body. A sample of the workers with the highest rates of muscular pain was withdrawn from this population. The sample was submitted to WHOQOL-Bref (World Health Organization Quality of Life - Bref) questionnaire, which evaluates the perception of quality of life; After the kinesiological analysis of the work, observing the positions adopted and the assembly time of the structures of the sofa; the RULA method (Rapid Upper Limb Assessment), responsible for evaluate possible damage to limbs, such as the arm, forearm, wrist, neck, trunk and legs; and finally the biomechanical evaluation of static and postural forces, using 3DSSPP software (3D Static Strength Prediction Program). The results of WHOQOL-Bref questionnaire revealed that, in general, the perception of the sample about quality of life at work was classified as "very satisfactory" and the "physical environment was the one with the lowest degree of satisfaction. The kinesiological and biomechanical analyzes showed that the factors most critical to the work routine are related to wrist flexion, ulnar deviation and flexion of the indicator. However, based on static and postural forces, this activity can be developed without health risks by 97% of the workers. The load on workers during the working day did not prove to be crucial for triggering musculoskeletal disorders, so most workers are able to develop their work activities without health risks.
Shadows and deception: from Borelli's
Theoricae to the Saggi of the Cimento
Authors: MELI DOMENICO BERTOLONI
Published: July 2002

‘Poor Borelli!’ exclaimed Alexandre Koyre at the end
of his wonderful and by now classic
study of Borelli's ‘celestial mechanics’. Koyre frankly
admitted that Borelli lacked Newton's genius and intellectual audacity.
However, in his story Borelli deserved a place
between Kepler and Newton for his ‘imperfect but decisive’
unification of terrestrial and
celestial physics. This framework finds a powerful justification in Borelli's
extensive usage
of Keplerian astronomy and in Newton's references to Borelli's
work on the Medicean
planets, Theoricae mediceorum planetarum (Florence, 1666), both
in his correspondence
with Edmond Halley, with regard to a controversy with Robert Hooke, and
in
Philosophiae naturalis principia mathematica (London, 1687). Newton's
own copy of
Borelli's work with signs of his reading – the famous
dog-earings – is preserved in the
library of Trinity College, Cambridge. The magnitude of Newton's achievement
has
haunted Borelli's work ever since Principia mathematica appeared
in print. For example,
although Christiaan Huygens was sent a copy of Borelli's book by Prince
Leopold in 1666,
his marginal annotations in his own copy of the book were written after
he had read
Newton's masterpiece, as if Huygens had felt the need to read the
book again after 1687.
From then onwards Borelli's work has almost inevitably appeared in
a new light that has
coloured its subsequent readings.

My ambition in this paper is to provide a fresh reading of Borelli's
work by
reconstructing its circumstances of composition, establishing a comparison
with a relevant
strictly contemporary source, and attending to the immediate reception
of Theoricae.
Borelli's work was written with an eye to a composite audience including
Roman Jesuits,
Sicilian intellectual circles and Leopold de' Medici's correspondents
across the Alps, such
as the Copernican astronomer Ismael Boulliau in Paris. Borelli was aware
that his Sicilian
readers were likely to have different concerns from those of Roman Jesuits
or the Medici.
Thus the task of charting the reception of his work is a formidable one.
For a variety of
reasons, including availability of sources, limitations of space, taste
and competence, my
analysis of Borelli's work on the Medicean planets is limited to a
few themes and is not only
no less partial than Koyre's, but in many respects it relies on it.
If readers feel stimulated
to re-read Koyre's text, one of the aims of this paper will have been
fulfilled.
War of words: the public science of the British
scientific community and the origins of the
Department of Scientific and Industrial
Research, 1914–16
Authors: HULL ANDREW
Published: July 2002

In late 1916 the British Government finally bowed to pressure from scientists and
sympathetic elements of the public to organize and fund science centrally and established
the Department of Scientific and Industrial Research (DSIR). Since just before the turn of
the century state funding for science had steadily increased: the National Physical
Laboratory was established in 1899, the Development Commission in 1909 and the Medical
Research Committee in 1913. The establishment of the DSIR marked an end to piecemeal
support and it was therefore a watershed when the state

finally accepted its responsibility to fund science properly, to
develop a coherent science policy
and thus recognise that science and scientists were crucial components of modern national life;
not just in wartime, but in the development of the peacetime economy as well.

At least this is how the history of the DSIR is currently still represented. The following
analysis is more sensitive than previous treatments as it points out that the state's
organization of a centrally planned and funded national policy for science began before the
DSIR, and that this new body (in its support of pure research) reflected priorities
established before the outbreak of the war. In previous accounts the DSIR was presented
as a total break with the laissez-faire past. So, as historians we no longer follow the
special pleading of the contemporary science lobby in arguing that the state was deaf to the
needs of modern science. However, I want to argue that we are still deaf to the wider concerns
of this contemporary pro-science rhetoric, which argued not only for centrally planned and
funded science, but also often that scientists themselves should make policy for science.
Mass Media Effects: Mobilization or Media Malaise?
Authors: NEWTON KENNETH
Published: July 2002

According to some, the modern mass media have a malign effect on modern democracy, tending to induce political apathy, alienation, cynicism and a loss of social capital – in a word, ‘mediamalaise’. Some theorists argue that this is the result of media content, others that it is the consequence of the form of the media, especially television. According to others, the mass media, in conjunction with rising educational levels, help to inform and mobilize people politically, making them more knowledgeable and understanding. This study investigates the mobilization and mediamalaise hypotheses, and finds little to support the latter. Reading a broadsheet newspaper regularly is strongly associated with mobilization, while watching a lot of television has a weaker association of the same kind. Tabloid newspapers and general television are not strongly associated with measures of mediamalaise. It seems to be the content of the media, rather than its form which is important.
PROFITABILITY OF CASSAVA–MAIZE PRODUCTION UNDER DIFFERENT FALLOW SYSTEMS AND LAND-USE INTENSITIES IN THE DERIVED SAVANNA OF SOUTHWEST NIGERIA
Authors: Chianu J. N. , Akintola J. O. , Kormawa P. M.
Published: July 2002

Population pressure has diminished the role of the traditional bush fallow system in restoring the fertility of depleted soils following several years of cultivation in the derived savanna of southwest Nigeria. The search for alternative fallow systems led to the development of alley cropping using Leucaena leucocephala and cover cropping using Pueraria phaseoloides. These soil-conserving systems also embody the principles of sustainability by ensuring stable crop yields in spite of an increase in land-use intensity. Simulating smallholder farm conditions and based on a split-plot experiment with the three fallow systems as the main plots and four different land-use intensities (LUI) as the subplots, simple direct observation and record keeping were used to collect data on labour use in all farm operations including fuelwood cutting and stacking in alley cropping systems with fallow phases. Data collection covered a period of four years (1993–96), corresponding to one out of the three phases (or complete cycles) of the trial. Partial budget analysis was used to estimate profitability of cassava (Manihot utilissima)–maize (Zea mays) under each LUI. Results based on crop production indicate that each of the cassava-maize enterprises was profitable but the level of profit varied from 10 819 to 50 289 Naira ha−1. Production under cover cropping has a net benefit advantage of 4–25% (over that under bush fallow) and 25–60% (over alley cropping). Profitability increased as the LUI decreased, depicting the overall importance of fallow periods on soil fertility restoration. Results based on crop production plus fuelwood operations indicate that production with cover cropping has a net benefit advantage over that of both bush fallow and alley cropping under both zero-fallow and one-year fallow LUIs. However, results from two- and three-year fallows indicate that fuelwood yield generated sufficient revenue to put alley cropping at a net benefit advantage of 29–42% over bush fallow and 26–37% over cover cropping. From these results, cover cropping is recommended, especially to farmers in areas where, although land shortage is a problem, fuelwood and the other sources of domestic energy are still cheap and easily accessible. However, in areas with abundant land and where farmers can still wait for fallow periods of at least two years, alley cropping is recommended since, in addition to soil fertility improvement, substantial revenue is obtained. However, considerations of yield variability, labour scarcity, as well as risk-aversion behaviour among farmers may alter their technology choice.
Evidence for dynamic alteration in histone gene clusters of Caenorhabditis elegans: a topoisomerase II connection?
Authors: HOLT SUZAN J. , CRESS WILLIAM A. , VAN STADEN JOHANNES
Published: July 2002

Chromatin integrity is maintained throughout the cell cycle through repair mechanisms and intrinsically by the ordered packaging of DNA in association with histone proteins; however, aberrant rearrangements within and between chromosomes do occur. The role of the nuclear matrix protein topoisomerase II (TopoII) in generating chromosome breakpoints has been a focus of recent investigations. TopoII preferentially binds in vitro to scaffold-associated regions (SARs) and is involved in many DNA processing activities that require chromosome untangling. SARs, biochemically defined DNA elements rich in A+T, have been proposed to serve as structural boundaries for chromatin loops and to delineate functional domains. In our investigation of gene compartmentalization in a eukaryotic genome, SAR-associated nucleotide motifs from Drosophila were mapped in the regions of three histone gene clusters in an in silico analysis of the genome of Caenorhabditis elegans. Sites with similarity to the 15 bp consensus for TopoII cleavage were found predominantly in A+T enriched intergenic regions. Reiteration of sites matching the TopoII core consensus led to the identification of a novel core histone gene on chromosome IV and provided evidence for duplication and inversion in each of the three histone gene clusters. Breakpoint analysis of DNA flanking reiterated regions revealed potential sites for TopoII cleavage and a base composition phenomenon suggestive of a trigger for inversion events.
Factors affecting the spread of double-stranded RNA
viruses in Aspergillus nidulans
Authors: COENEN ALEX , KEVEI FERENC , HOEKSTRA ROLF F.
Published: July 2002

Viruses are common in asexual Aspergilli but not in sexual Aspergilli.
We found no viruses in 112
isolates of the sexual Aspergillus nidulans. We have investigated
factors that could play a role in
preventing the spread of mycoviruses through populations of A. nidulans.
Experiments were
performed with A. nidulans strains infected with viruses originating from
A. niger. Horizontal virus
transmission was restricted but not prevented by somatic incompatibility. Viruses
were transmitted
vertically via conidiospores but not via ascospores. Competition experiments
revealed no effect of
virus infection on host fitness. Outcrossing was found to limit the spread of
viruses significantly
more than selfing. It is concluded that the exclusion of viruses from sexual
Aspergilli could be due
to the formation of new somatic incompatibility groups by sexual
recombination.
A novel repressor of P element transposition in Drosophila melanogaster
Authors: BADGE RICHARD M. , BROOKFIELD JOHN F. Y.
Published: July 2002

We have discovered, in an inbred line (Loua) of
Drosophila melanogaster from Zaïre, a third
chromosome showing unusual P element repression. Repression of P element
transposition by this
chromosome, named Loua3, is dominant zygotic and has three
unusual properties. Firstly, its
repression of the gonadal dysgenesis caused by a strong P haplotype is
strongly
temperature-dependent, being most evident at higher rearing temperatures.

Secondly, subdivision of Loua3 by
recombination abolishes repression: the effect is apparently a function
of
the intact chromosome.
Finally, Loua3 also diminishes somatic lethality when chromosomes

carrying many ‘ammunition’
elements (Birmingham2) are exposed to the constitutive transposase source
Δ2-3(99B). The
chromosome has 17 P elements, none full-length, located in at least 12
dispersed positions.
An experimental method for evaluating the contribution of
deleterious mutations to quantitative trait variation
Authors: KELLY JOHN K.
Published: July 2002

Unconditionally deleterious mutations could be an important source of variation in quantitative
traits. Deleterious mutations should be rare (segregating at low frequency in the population) and
at least partially recessive. In this paper, I suggest that the contribution of rare, partially recessive
alleles to quantitative trait variation can be assessed by comparing the relative magnitudes of two
genetic variance components: the covariance of additive and homozygous dominance effects (Cad)
and the additive genetic variance (Va). If genetic variation is due to rare recessives, then the ratio
of Cad to Va should be equal to or greater than 1. In contrast, Cad/Va should be close to zero or
even negative if variation is caused by alleles at intermediate frequencies. The ratio of Cad to Va
can be estimated from phenotypic comparisons between inbred and outbred relatives, but such
estimates are likely to be highly imprecise. Selection experiments provide an alternative estimator
for Cad/Va, one with favourable statistical properties. When combined with other biometrical
analyses, the ratio test can provide an incisive test of the deleterious mutation model.
Neutral additive genetic variance in a metapopulation
Authors: WHITLOCK MICHAEL C.
Published: July 2002

For neutral, additive quantitative characters, the amount of additive genetic variance within and
among populations is predictable from Wright's FST, the effective population size and the
mutational variance. The structure of quantitative genetic variance in a subdivided metapopulation
can be predicted from results from coalescent theory, thereby allowing single-locus results to
predict quantitative genetic processes. The expected total amount of additive genetic variance in a
metapopulation of diploid individual is given by 2Neσ2m
(1 + FST), where FST is Wright's among-population fixation index, Ne is the eigenvalue effective size of the metapopulation, and σ2m is the
mutational variance. The expected additive genetic variance within populations is given by
2Neσ2e(1 − FST),
and the variance among demes is given by
4FSTNeσ2m.
These results are general with respect to the types of population structure involved.
Furthermore, the dimensionless measure of the quantitative genetic variance among populations,
QST, is shown to be generally equal to FST for
the neutral additive model. Thus, for all population structures, a value of QST greater than FST for
neutral loci is evidence for spatially divergent evolution by natural selection.
READING SIR THOMAS SMITH'S DE REPUBLICA ANGLORUM AS
PROTESTANT APOLOGETIC
Authors: MCLAREN ANNE
Published: July 2002

This article argues that historians have misread Sir Thomas Smith's famous work as
a narrowly factual description of English society and institutions, and Smith himself as a
proto-rationalist thinker. Instead, De republica anglorum represents Smith's attempt as a citizen
of the elect nation to theorize the ‘mixed monarchy’ inaugurated with Elizabeth's accession. It should
thus be read as an important contribution to English Protestant apologetic of the 1560s, in conjunction
with the work of men who more obviously engaged in that discourse: John Foxe, Laurence Humphrey,
and John Aylmer. The article makes this case by reconstituting three cultural contexts which I argue
need to be taken into account when analysing Smith's text. The first establishes Smith's ideological
concerns and convictions in Edward VI's reign and in the early years of Elizabeth's. The second
focuses on the immediate circumstances in which Smith wrote De republica anglorum: a polemical
exchange between the Englishman Walter Haddon and the Portuguese Osorio da Fonseca concerning
religious reformation and kingship. I then analyse De republica anglorum with reference to the key
terms and issues identified in these contexts. The conclusion locates Smith's text in relation to one
further context: Claude de Seyssel's The monarchy of France and its use by French Huguenot
theorists in the 1560s. That nexus enabled Smith satisfactorily to address the central problem with
which he and fellow apologists grappled throughout Elizabeth's reign: ungodly kingship in the guise
of female rule.
Chance, Choice and Calculation in the Process of “Getting Married”: A Reply to John R. Gillis and Richard Wall
Authors: King Steven
Published: July 2002

These two perceptive commentaries offer very different interpretations of the significance of the evidence presented in “Chance Encounters”. Crudely put, Richard Wall suggests that I have gone too far in placing chance, kinship and economic irrationality at the centre of my reconceptualization of marriage motivations. Individual calculation and economic motivation cannot be placed in the background of explanations of the individual or aggregate nuptiality experiences in an English context. By attempting to use autobiographical evidence to try and understand both the process of “getting married”and wider changes in marriage ages at the “national” level, I have written an article with two imperfectly related parts, and thus achieved neither end. Equally crudely put, John Gillis suggests that I have not gone far enough in my attempts at reinterpretation, and that I needed to talk more about the meaning of marriage ceremonies, contemporary understanding of the courtship process, and the role of Fortuna in the process of “getting married”. I shall consider all of these issues below. The one thing which unites the commentaries is a concern over sources, and it is apposite to use this question as a launch pad for restating and refining the analytical line opened in “Chance Encounters”.