bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Application of AHP Method in Evaluation of Atmospheric Environment Comprehensive Quality in Xi'an
Authors: Jiang Chuang Ye , Zhang Xia , Hu Lin , Wang Qi , Zhang Wen Jing
Published: October 2011

Based on the daily average concentration of sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and respirable particulate matter (PM10) from 2001 to 2010, the atmospheric environment quality over the past 10 years in Xi'an was comprehensively evaluated. The process of the evaluation method involves the follow key procedures. First, the pollution factors are put in order by using the evaluation factors dynamic sorting method for determining the importance of each factor. Second, the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method is used to determine the weight value of every factor. Finally, the composite index, which represents the environment comprehensive quality, is calculated by weighted average method. The results can provide scientific basis for the related departments to understand the atmospheric environment comprehensive quality in Xi'an.
Experimental Research of Thermal Characteristics in Coaxial Radial Heat Pipe
Authors: Hu Ai Feng , Li Lang Wei
Published: October 2011

In this paper, heat transfer model is assumed in coaxial radial heat pipe(CRHP) firstly. To verify the model , visualization and performance experiment are studied. Visualization experiments of CRHP are done under different filing radio of 20%, 30%, 35% and inclined angles of 0°(horizontal), 5°, 10°, 15°, 20°. Visualization experimental results show that CRHP of horizontal and 30% filling ratio is better on thermal characteristics. Its heat transfer model is preliminary analyzed from experimental phenomena. In performance experiment , the kind of CRHP is used to test heat transfer characteristics. The temperatures of the outside wall of outer pipe are determined and drawn diagrams. Lastly, heat transfer model is corrected anew by analyzing experimental datas.
Experiment on the Treatment of the Rural Wastewater by the Paddy Wetland System
Authors: Li Song , Liu Shuang Hua , Chen Ying Xu
Published: October 2011

A field experiment was conducted to remove the potential eutrophication effect of N and P from rural wastewater (RW) during the whole rice growing season of 2010. Commercial fertilizer and RW were applied to furnish 40 kg P ha-1except CK. Results showed TN concentration of the floodwater in the paddy wetland system decreased quickly after transplanting, rosed significantly (P ≤ 0.05) after two N topdressings, and then decreased gradually as the following sequences: SW > GW > DW > BW > CK. Total P (TP) concentration had significantly declined after P application, from October 15 there were no significant increases in TP concentration in the floodwater. Meanwhile, the yield for CK was significantly less (P ≤0.05) than SW, GW, DW, and BW, with the yield of BW significantly greater (P ≤ 0.05) than other treatments. It is feasible to remove N and P from RW by the paddy wetland system and can be widely used to improve the yield of rice.
Pyrolysis Characteristics and Recovery of the Metallic and Nonmetallic Materials in Wasted Printed Circuit Boards
Authors: Ma Hong Ting , Yang Guo Li , Hao Su Feng
Published: October 2011

A typical printed circuit boards (PCBs) has been investigated by using thermo-gravimetric analyser to study its pyrolysis characteristics, the results indicate that the maximum weight loss rate occurs at temperature between 320°C and 360°C. A higher heating rate results in higher initial, final, peak temperature, and a longer process of significant weight loss. At the same pyrolysis temperature, heating rate has little effect on the total weight loss. In addition, 1kg PCBs based FR-4 was pyrolyzed in a fixed-bed reactor. The pyrolysis residues are very friable, the organic, glass fiber and metallic fractions can easily be separated, and the electrical components can easily be removed from the remains. Considering energy-saving, better control and design of the pyrolysis process, the optimal pyrolysis parameters were suggested at heating rate 10°C/min, final pyrolysis temperature 500°C and holding time 30 min.
Application of pH, DO and OUR Control for Short-Cut Nitrification
Authors: Chen Wen Bing , Tian Meng , Wang Ran Ran , Liu Feng
Published: October 2011

A sequencing batch reactor was employed to treat ammonia wastewater, the pH, DO and OUR were adopted to monitor the start of short-cut nitrification. The results showed that the start of short-cut nitrification was achieved in 31days, ammonia consumption rate was higher than 90% and nitrite accumulation rate was higher than 85%, when pH, DO and OUR were applied to monitor and determine the aeration time, under the condition of temperature was 30°C. With ammonia shock loading conditions, OUR curve couldn’t indicate the end of short-cut nitrification exactly. But real-time control using pH and DO could achieve a stable shortcut nitrification under steady stage and ammonia load shocking stage.
Gold Catalysts Supported on the Macroporous Nanoparticles Composited of Cerium Oxide for Oxidation of Formaldehyde
Authors: Li Chang Yan , Chen Song Song , Zhang Zhi Xue , Zhang Jun
Published: October 2011

Subscript text
Subscript textA series of Au/CeO2 catalysts were synthesized and evaluated for formaldehyde catalytic combustion oxidation. In Au/CeO2 catalysts, CeO2 supports with different structure,Au/Macroporous-CeO2 is found to be superior catalyst for formaldehyde catalytic oxidation. According to the analysis of transmission electron microscopy (TEM), the pore size of Macroporous-CeO2 is broader than that of mesoporous SBA-CeO2 support, which could make the active species gold adequately disperse as small nanoparticles, furthermore, it is most noticed that macroporous CeO2 support is benefit to mass transfer comparing with mesoporous SBA-CeO2 and ordinary power CeO2.
Biodegradation Characteristics of Heavy Oil by Fungi Isolated from Petroleum Wastewater
Authors: Wang Xin , Su Dan , Li Hai Bo
Published: October 2011

Nine fungal strains, previously isolated from produced wastewater in Liaohe oilfield in China, were screened for the study on the biodegradation ability of heavy oil in a batch of shake-flask culture. Among them, fungi F1, F4, F5 and F7 showed relatively higher abilities for the biodegradation of heavy oil. Heavy oil removal rates after 56 days by the above four strains were 57.82 %, 63.30 %, 36.46 % and 45.63 %, respectively. In addition, the biodegradation process followed the first- order kinetics, and the half- life of heavy oil from long to short order was F5>F7>F1>F4. By contrast, fungus F4 was the highest effective strain for heavy oil degradation. Degradation rates of petroleum fractions by different fungal strains varied significantly. And the highest degradation rates of alkanes was 42.99 % by F5, and correspondingly, that of aromatics with 37.87 % by F1, and that of colloids and asphaltenes with 46.42 % by F4.
Grinding and Cementitious Property of Fluorgypsum with Pretreating by Different Industrial Waste
Authors: Huang Xu Quan , Hou Hao Bo , Zhou Min , Wang Wei Xin
Published: October 2011

Steel slag, fly ash and lime were chosen as pretreatment and grinding materials of fluorgypsum, then the grinding effect and cementitious property of fluorgypsum were studied. PH of pretreatment fluorgypsum increased to 8 when 1.5% lime, 5% steel slag and 12.9% fly ash were added .Specific surface area, fractal dimension and medium diameter of the modified fluorgypsum reveal that the best grinding aid is steel slag. SEM analysis show that there were still large particles when 1.5% lime or 12.9% fly ash were added in fluorgypsum and grinding, the fluorgypsum particles sizing were small with distribution uniformity after grinding when it was pretreated by 5% steel slag. Mortar strength results show that the fluorgypsum with 5% steel slag had good strength after pretreating and grinding.
Optimum Wind Turbine Site Matching for Three Locations in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Al Shamma’a Abdullrahman A. , Addoweesh Khaled E. , Eltamaly Ali
Published: October 2011

Wind energy has been most prevalently utilized to generate electric power due to non pollution to the environment and the conservation of fossil fuel resources. The energy generated from wind turbine depends on the wind site characteristics and the wind turbine parameters. So, the choice of certain wind turbine for specific site is very important in terms of price of electric energy generated from wind energy system. Therefore, optimal choice of wind turbine is one of the most crucial issues in the design of wind energy system, which can utilize wind energy as efficiently as possible and achieve the best economic benefits. So this paper introduces a new and simple mathematic formulation for the wind turbine-site matching problem, based on wind speed characteristics of any site and the power curve parameters of any wind turbine. Wind speed at any site is characterized by the scale parameter (c) and the shape parameter (k) of the Weibull distribution function. The power curve parameters of any wind turbine are characterized by the cut-in, rated, and furling speeds and the rated power. The new formulation method is derived based on a generic formulation for the product of the Capacity Factor (CF) and Normalized Power (PN). Three case studies are also presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method to choose between a group of wind sites and a list of commercial wind turbines.
Dosage Determination of Aluminate Coupling Agent Modifying Nano-Calcium Carbonate
Authors: Sun Qiu Yan , Sun Chao
Published: October 2011

After the surface of nano-CaCO3 was modified with aluminate coupling agent by wet-modification, aluminate coupling agent dosage of 2.5% is the best through activation grade and oil-absorbed value. Then the modifier amount can be regarded as the best dosage that is confirmed by settlement volume in liquid paraffin and the modified mechanism is given in the end of the paper.
Research on the Accumulative Effect by the Endogenous Release of Sediment in Offshore Area from Guanhe to Liezihe Estuary
Authors: Sha Zheng Rong , Zhou Yu
Published: October 2011

The paper conducts a quantitative study on the accumulative effect of the sedimentation and release of the sediment pollutants in the offshore area from Guanhe to Liezihe Estuary of Jiangsu along China coast. The study begins with the index of major pollutants in the sediment of this area and establishes the calculation relations of them between the water over the seabed and sediment pollutants. The sedimentation flux of suspended substances is calculated taking into account the mud-sand absorption in the river estuaries and the change of sediment release with time and space. Hydrodynamic force as the basic principle as well as the determining factor for offshore sediment release is analyzed in the last section of the paper. The model for the sedimentation release and the calculation formula for the sediment release ratio are established, and related parameters are set based on actual measurement and analysis of space attenuation of sediment release. Innovation is made for the “method of concentration difference location for sediment mixture” and the increment of pollutants and decrement of environmental capacity within a specific area are calculated. Calculation and verification are also carried out based on the data from actual measurement.
Numerical Simulation of Wind Energy Characteristics in Jiangsu Coastal Area
Authors: Chen Yan , Liu Hui Zhi , Xiang Ying , Cheng Ting
Published: October 2011

In order to explore the surface layer wind energy characteristics in Jiangsu coastal area, MM5 model and CALMET model and wind observations data are used in this paper. The comparison of simulated wind speed and observed wind speed shows that the MM5 and CALMET model can well simulate wind resource distribution and the simulated result is well agreed with observation. The results show that (1) Wind Resource in coastal area is more abundant than other area in Jiangsu Province;(2) Wind speed and wind power density in winter and spring are higher than that in summer and autumn;(3) predominant wind direction is NNW-N and SE-SSE.
Workflow Technology based Distributed Agricultural Products Certification System
Authors: Guo Jia , Ma Xin Ming , Guo Wei , Xi Lei , Zhang Hui , Ren Yan Na
Published: October 2011

In order to achieve the digital management of null-pollution agricultural products certification and by adopting techniques such as Web Service, distributed database and workflow, this essay has completed the design and development of the system based on the J2EE platform. It includes certification data service subsystem, declare subsystem and certification workflow management subsystem. This system can highly automize and standardize the key link of origin and product certification such as the review of filing materials, site inspection and environment detection. It can automatically generate filing materials, inspection report and evaluation report. It has the function of sending documents among certification management departments at various levels and storing them respectively. This system has speed up the agricultural products origin and product certification integration process and realized standardized and digitalized management of certification work.
Analysis of the Electromagnetic Characteristics and Study on Measuring the Hysteresis Torque Experiment for the Yarn Tensioner
Authors: Shi Gang , Lv Ming , Huang Yu Lian , Liang Guo Xing
Published: October 2011

Magnetic hysteresis yarn tensioner is a new-type component which is used in textile machinery for achieving automatic controlling. Its hysteresis damping characteristics of the torque is directly related to changes in the tension of the yarn. Hysteresis damping torque characteristics depends on the excitation voltage of the yarn tension and the magnetic storage of the hysteresis loop. In this paper, electromagnetic properties of the key components in the magnetic t hysteresis yarn tension were analyzed, and the outputting characteristics of magnetic hysteresis yarn hysteresis damping torque in different excitation voltage and speed had been obtained. The theoretical and experimental foundation of is provided about improving the uniformity of textile yarn and achieving the group control technology of Yarn tension.
A New Material Based on Renewable Resources: Chitin and Betaine
Authors: Zhang Min , Yu Xiao Cai , Li Min Jing , Chen Wei
Published: October 2011

Water-insoluble chitin betainate was environmentally friendly prepared by esterifying chitin with betaine hydrochloride in the presence of dicyandiamide by dry process. The process achieved free-pollution and easy treatment. The chitin betainate holds potential as an adsorbent by the results of the adsorption experiments.
Multi-Step-Ahead Forecasting of Wind Speed Based on EMD-RBF Model
Authors: Wang Dong Feng , Wang Fu Qiang , Han Pu
Published: October 2011

Wind speed forecasting is critical for wind energy conversion systems. Adaptive and reliable methods and techniques of wind speed forecasting are urgently needed in view of the stochastic nature of wind resource, which is varying from time to time and from site to site. Multi-step-ahead speed forecasting is built with empirical mode decomposition (EMD) method and RBF neural network, which makes use of non-linear and non-stationary signal characteristics. Time series of original wind speed data is decomposed by EMD method. And RBF neural network is used to predict the decomposition of the various components. Experimental results show that the method effectively improves the accuracy and the reliability of wind speed forecasting.
SEM Analysis on a New Kind of Phosphate Flame Retardant
Authors: Fei Hua
Published: October 2011

The microscope characters of flame-retardant PC/ABS by a new kind of phosphate flame retardant, bisphenol-a bis (dipenyl phosphate) (BDP), is carried out in this paper using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The result shows that flame retardant and unflame retardant materials before combustion and after indicate that these lame retardant materials after combustion shape countless closed holes which form sprangly cellular coking char layer, which also make out that BDP play the condensation flame retardant role in PC/ABS resin.
The Preparation Conditions of Catalyst for Steam Reforming of Fast Pyrolysis Bio-Oil
Authors: Lan Ping , Lan Li Hong , Xie Tao , Liao An Ping
Published: October 2011

Catalytic steam reforming of bio-oil is an economically feasible route producing renewable hydrogen. Ni/MgO-La2O3-Al2O3 catalyst was prepared with Ni as active agent, Al2O3 as support and MgO, La2O3 as promoters. The experiments were carried out in a fixed-bed reactor. The content of Ni, calcination temperature, and calcinations time, were investigated with hydrogen yield as index. The optimal preparation conditions were concluded as follows: the Ni content 18%, the calcination temperature 8500C and the calcinations time 6 h.
Optimization of Operating Parameters for Decolorization of Metal Complex Dyes by UV/H2O2 Process
Authors: Zhu Jing Jian , Lu Long , Chen Jian Xin
Published: October 2011

In this paper, the effects of operating parameters such as UV light wavelength, initial pH, reaction temperature and hydrogen peroxide concentration on decolorization of metal complex dyes (Neutral Bordeaux GRL, Neutral Pink BL and Neutral Blue BNL) by UV/H2O2 process were studied in detail. The results showed that the decolorization rate constants were obviously enhanced with the increase of UV intensity. In UV (254nm)/H2O2 system, 94.4% decolorization of Neutral Bordeaux GRL, 99.2% decolorization of Neutral Pink BL and 65.4% decolorization of Neutral Blue BNL were achieved after 60 min reaction. The results also indicated that both suitable amount of H2O2 and initial pH were needed for effective decolorization of different metal complex dyes. The reaction activation energy of Neutral Bordeaux GRL, Neutral Pink BL and Neutral Blue BNL were 3.43, 14.4 and 23.39 KJ mol-1, respectively.
Assembly Process Application of Lean Quality Management
Authors: Sun Mo Li , Zhang Xiao Chun
Published: October 2011

The product assembly as the final manufacturing process is one of the most important part, its quality has a major impact on product quality. Application of lean quality management in product assembly improve the assembly quality, efficiency and cost are the quality management of the new trends. Research on quality management, analysis all aspects of quality control around the assembly process, store electronic resume of assembly process, analysis quality defect, forecast and optimize the matching of key parts, which significantly improve the quality of the assembly process of the enterprise performance and business performance.
The Study of Spinning Reserve Allocation Problem in the Wind Power Integrated Power System
Authors: Dong Xiao Yu , Bao Hai , Zhao Lin , Liu Lei , Li Yong Hua
Published: October 2011

With the intermittent and randomness of wind power,the power system needs to arrange certain spinning reserve capacity in response to wind power fluctuations,so the optimal allocation of spinning reserve problem is the key point. This paper first analyzes the potential problems of optimal allocation of spinning reserve by the principle of equal proportion in wind power system; then calculate the optimal power flow which aims to minimize the network loss with the original dual interior point method, of which all thermal power’s active power outputs are optimized objects. You can watch the total network loss and the thermal power’s spinning reserve in the optimal power flow calculation results.Finally the IEEE39 system example and the comparison of two methods demonstrate that the principle of equal proportion exists potential problems and it is necessary to calculate the optimal power flow.
Analysis of Influence Factors and Main Control Factors Screening in CO2 Miscible Flooding
Authors: Li Nan , Cheng Lin Song , Cheng Jia
Published: October 2011

CO2 miscible flooding is an environmental recovery method to greatly enhance oil recovery by the gas of CO2 which leads global warming. In view of the fact that there are many influence factors of seepage law in CO2 miscible flooding, the four influence factors of pore structure, injection rate, reservoir heterogeneity and initial oil saturation are analyzed by means of reservoir numerical simulation to screen out the main control influence factors in this paper on the account of the characteristics of serious reservoir heterogeneity in China. The research result in this paper could provide practical guidance significance to the oilfield development program adjustment at some extent.
CO2 Storage Mechanism and Coupling Effect with Minerals in Coal Seam
Authors: Chen Run , Qin Yong
Published: October 2011

CO2 storage in coal seam is the important way of reducing CO2 emission into atmosphere and enhancing coal-bed methane (CBM) recovery. This paper based upon the results of CO2 storage in coal seam in theoretical research and demonstration project, analyzed the mechanism of CO2 storage in coal seam, and recognized that the process is a complex process from a single physical process to physical, chemical, and microbial effect process. The paper also summarized the fluid-solid coupling actions between H2O-CO2 and minerals in coal seam and its effect on coal reservoir characteristics. It is considered that after H2O-CO2 action, the components of coal petrography changed. At the same time, there has been marked change in coal physical properties: the porosity enhanced, mechanics property reduced, and the changed of adsorptivity and permeability need further researches. This paper can guide the prediction storage ability and assessment the safety of CO2 in coal seam.
Studies on the Relationship between Phytoplankton with Environmental Factors in the Southern Ocean
Authors: Zhu Gen Hai , Chen Li Hong , Jin Mao , Yu Pei Song , Liu Zi Lin
Published: October 2011

The relationship between phytoplankton abundance, Chl a concentration and environmental factors was analyzed on the investigation data in the Southern Ocean during 1989-2009. In the sea area near Prydz Bay, the water abundance of phytoplankton cells was 3.9×104 ～2.83×105 cells/dm3, and the average water abundance of phytoplankton cells was 7.38×104cells/dm3. In the net samples, the dominant species were Fragilariopsis kerguelensis, Fragilariopsis curta, Pseudo-nitzschia lineola, Eucampia antarctica, Thalassiosira antarctica, Corethron criophilum, etc. In the water samples, the dominant species were Fragilariopsis curta, Pseudo-nitzschia lineola, etc. The regression statistical analysis showed the phytoplankton cell abundance was in significant positive correlation with water temperature, DO, and Chl a, and significant negative correlation with PO43- and NO3-.
Characteristics of Non-Point Source N Export via Surface Runoff from Sloping Croplands in Northeast China
Authors: Wang Hong Xiang , Shi Yi , Ma Jian , Lu Cai Yan , Chen Xin
Published: October 2011

A field experiment was conducted to study the characteristics of non-point source nitrogen (N) in the surface runoff from sloping croplands and the influences of rainfall and cropland slope gradient. The results showed that dissolved total N (DTN) was the major form of N in the runoff, and the proportion occupied by dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) ranged from 45% to 85%. The level of NH4+-N was generally higher than the level of NO3--N, and averaged at 2.50 mg·L-1 and 1.07 mg·L-1 respectively. DIN was positively correlated with DTN (R2=0.962). Dissolved organic N (DON) presented a moderate seasonal change and averaged at 1.40 mg·L-1. Rainfall amount and rainfall intensity significantly affected the components of DTN in the runoff. With the increase of rainfall amount and rainfall intensity, the concentrations of DTN, NH4+-N and NO3--N presented a decreased trend, while the concentration of DON showed an increased trend. N loss went up with an increase in the gradient of sloping cropland, and was less when the duration was longer from the time of N fertilization.fertilization.
Accumulation Sequences of Heavy Metals in Poplar Tree-Rings in Kaifeng City, China
Authors: Duan Hai Jing , Tong Zhi Qi , Ma Jian Hua
Published: October 2011

Sixteen tree-rings of Polar (P. Euramericana) were collected in the different function districts of Kaifeng City, China. Concentrations of Cu and Zn in the xylem of tree-rings from 1990 to 2009 were measured using F-AAS, and that of Co using ICP-MS. The results show that concentrations of Cu and Zn in tree-rings in the control area do not vary significantly in the period from 1990 to 2009 and much lower than that in urban areas. The accumulation sequences of Zn in tree-rings in different urban districts appear increasing trends in the period, and that of Cu present waved rising trends. The sequences of Co in tree-rings both in urban and control area had no significant change in the period. Copper and Zinc are the typical anthropogenic metals, and Co is a natural source metal. We can understand the heavy metal pollution changes in urban area from their accumulation sequences in tree-rings.
Preparation of Sn-Ir Binary Oxide Electrode and its Application in Degradation of Simulated Wastewater of P-Chlorophenol
Authors: Zhang Bei Bei , Chen Song , Bao Lin , Zhang Bin , Shao Rong
Published: October 2011

Ti/Sn1–xIrxO2 electrodes were prepared on titanium substrates by thermal decomposition method. The structure and the surface morphologies of the electrodes were characterized by XRD, SEM, and the electrochemical properties were investigated by linear scan voltammetry. The results showed that in NaCl solution and Na2SO4 solution, with increasing the Ir content, the potential gap of electrochemical oxidation（△E）between chlorine evolution and oxygen evolution decreased. The electrode containing 30% Ir (by mol%) had the highest chlorine evolution efficiency. Using Ti/Sn0.7Ir0.3O2 electrode as anode, a simulated wastewater with p-chlorophenol as pollutant was degraded by constant current electrolysis. The degradation rate of p-chlorophenol in presence of NaCl was faster than in presence of Na2SO4.
Research on Active Noise Control in Power Transformer
Authors: Liu Jiang Tao , Ying Li Ming , Pei Chun Ming
Published: October 2011

The problem of noise in power transformer was pay attention to by this paper. The paper presents the design methodology for the active noise control (ANC) of sound disturbances in power transformer. The active noise attenuation algorithm uses the framework of output-error based optimization of a linearly parameterized filter for feedforward sound compensation to select optimal location of sensor and demonstrate the effectiveness of active noise attention in a large power transformer. The ANC controller can automatically measure the sound disturbances and select the compensate parameters to realize the noise cancellation. With 220kV power transformer noise cancellation, for example, the simulating results prove that the ANC technology to cancel the noise in power transformer is an effective way.
Determination of Doxycycline Residues in Milks and Content in Serum, Tablet and Injection Samples with Self-Ordered Ring Fluorescence Microscopic Imaging Technique
Authors: Liu Ying , Yu Yan Min , Wang Yan
Published: October 2011

A new method of determinating doxycycline residues in milks and content in serum,table and injection samples was established with Self-ordered ring fluorescence microscopic imaging technique. In the presence of hexahydropyridine and poly (vinyl alcohol)-124, Zn2+-doxycycline (DC) system can form a SOR on the hydrophobic glass slides surfaces based on the capillary effect. The maximum fluorescent intensity (Imax) at central ring belt was found to be proportional to DC content. when the droplet volume is 0.5μL, the present SOR method can be used to determine DC in a range of 4.54×10-15–6.81×10-13 mol•ring-1, and the limit of detection (LOD) with a threefold signal to noise ratio (S/N = 3) was 4.54×10-15 mol•ring-1 (2.17×10-8 mol•L-1). With the present method, the residues in milks and content in serum, tablet and injection samples were satisfactorily detected with recoveries of 96.3-102.0% and RSD of 1.4-2.2%, respectively, indicating that the method is reliable and practical.
Heavy Metal Pollution in the Surface Dust from E-Waste Disposal Place and its Ecological Risk Assessment
Authors: Wang Jia Ying , Chen Hao , Xia Wen Yu , Chen Ling , Zhao Jian Fu , Li Guang Ming
Published: October 2011

Six specific types of surface dusts were collected from different e-waste disposal areas in Shanghai, China for the determination of toxic metals including Zn, Pb, Ni, Cd, Cr and Cu. These samples were obtained from interior of home appliance, second-hand household appliance maintaining store, open manual dissembling yard, enclosed electronic waste warehouse, enclosed dissembling workshop, as well as outside yard of plant. ICP-AES analyzing results revealed that metal concentrations in dust from home appliance interior and second-hand household appliance maintaining store were obviously higher than the soil background values. And the metal concentrations of dusts from open manual dissembling yard were similar to enclosed electronic waste warehouse. The concentrations of Pb, Zn and Cu in dust from enclosed dissembling workshop were about 3646.10, 3485.23 and 4049.70 mg/kg, which were respectively 9, 19 and 45 times higher than outside yard of plant. The potential ecological risks of metal pollution in these dusts were analyzed by estimating the distribution characterization of samples and the heavy metals. The results showed that potential ecological risk of Cu was the highest, and then was the Cd, Cr was the least. The ecological risk indexes of metals in dusts from enclosed dissembling workshop, home appliance interior and second-hand household appliance maintained store were considered to be significantly healthy harm, while those from open manual dissembling yard and enclosed electronic waste warehouse were relatively less harm.
Status of the Municipal Solid Waste Management in Small and Medium-Sized Towns: A Case Study of Pulandian, China
Authors: Ju Mao Wei , Li Ai Min , Liu Xi
Published: October 2011

The municipal solid waste (MSW) generation rate is being accelerated in China. Problems encountered in waste management are particularly serious in small and medium-sized towns. Pulandian as a typical medium-sized town in China is investigated in the paper. The daily amount of MSW generated in urban district of Pulandian in 2008 was 0.95 kg/capita, which is comparable to that of some big city in China. Characteristics analysis on MSW was also carried out. The current status of MSW collection, recycling and transportation was introduced and the problems were identified. The MSW treatment and disposal in Pulandian has caused serious contamination. The new MSW treatment plant using integrated disposal technology and transport centre for reduction and recycling of MSW under construction is preferred.
Effect of Ultrasound Pre-Treatment on Ultraviolet Disinfection in Controlling Bacterial Photoreactivation
Authors: Jin Xin , Li Zi Fu , Zhao Xin , Xie Lan Lan , Wang Ting Ting
Published: October 2011

The main objective of the study is to explore how ultrasonic work with ultraviolet, in an attempt to find out the synergistic effect in controlling the phenomenon of microbial photoreactivation, as well as to analyse the feasibility of synergistic disinfection and related theories. Two different frequencies of ultrasonic transducers (28/40kHz)were used in combination with ultraviolet for secondary effluent disinfection. By controlling the process parameters that may contribute to the efficiency of synergistic disinfection, such as different reaction time, respective ultrasonic and ultraviolet dose. The results show that the synergistic disinfection of ultrasonic and ultraviolet can inhibit such a phenomenon, while maintaining continuous disinfection ability of ultraviolet. Ultrasonic has great potential in enhancing continuous sterilization abilities of ultraviolet. Synergistic disinfection has great advantages compared with other disinfection technologies and has a promising prospect in future use.
The Free Sloshing Modal Analysis of Liquid Tank with Baffles
Authors: Yan Jin , Yu Hong Liang
Published: October 2011

The research of this paper is on the free sloshing mode of liquid tank with baffles. The liquid tanks FEM model is made in ANSYS, and some investigation is done on its sloshing mode and the shape of free surface, under different filling ratio conditions. After comparing the tanks without baffles with the one with baffles, it is found that the sloshing mode, basic frequencies and free surface shape are all affected by baffles. And the same free surface shape appears in different liquid tanks, but in different mode. It also can be concluded that there are close mode frequencies in symmetrical tanks.
Research on Multi-Step Prediction of Wind Speed Time Series Based on Parallel Support Vector Regression
Authors: Yang Xiao Hong , Yang Xiao Jing , Zhu Xiao Xun , Xu Wei Xuan , Hai Kuang Ru
Published: October 2011

Aiming at the problem of traditional iterative way to achieve method of multi-step prediction, new method of multi-step prediction based on parallel Support Vector Regression (SVR) was proposed. To begin with the time delay of time series will be calculated in this method, resample the time series according to the interval of time delay. What’s more the time series will be classified into several sets of data, and it sets up SVR model for the sets of each. Finally, the parallel prediction of each set is composed to get multi-step prediction result. This method not only eliminates the accumulated error, improves the accuracy of prediction, but also saves the computation time.
Hydrothermal Liquefaction of Wheat Straws for Bio-Oil and Related Analyses
Authors: Wang Hui , Liu Xiao Juan , Liu Yan Xing , Chen Peng , Sun Jian
Published: October 2011

The liquefaction of wheat straws in sub-critical water to obtain bio-oil was investigated in this paper. We observed that the reaction temperature (300-374 °C) and reaction time (1-15 min) played important roles in the yield of bio-oil and found the optimal reaction conditions (340 °C, 5 min). The bio-oil was analyzed by elemental analysis, the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Results indicated that the heating value of bio-oil product was 32-38 MJ/kg, higher than that of the bio-oil obtained from microalgae, and the product was composed of ketones, phenol and its derivatives, aromatics and small amount of aldehydes and ethers.
Investigation on Non-Premixed Swirling Flame in a Multi-Hole Burner
Authors: Ge Bing , Zang Shu Sheng , Guo Pei Qing
Published: October 2011

This paper focuses on investigating the flow structures in a multi-hole swirl burner. Using the Particle Image Velocimetry(PIV) technique, the experiment measured the velocity distributions of the swirling flame in a muti-hole burner. The experiments show that there is a central recirculation zone (CRZ) in the middle of the flow field, and two counter-rotating vortices exist along the centerline symmetrically. With fuel jet increase: the width of recirculating zone and axial mean velocity peaks changes little; length of recirculation zone and the biggest reverse flow velocity increases; the expansion angle of swirling jet increase at first, and then changes little; axial non-uniform coefficient of outlet reduces at first, and then increases. With airflow velocity increase: axial mean velocity peaks increase; the dimension of recirculating zone and the expansion angle of swirling jet are unchanged; axial non-uniform coefficient of outlet increases.The data from this experiment is helpful for optimization of the swirl burner design, and can be established as benchmarks for the development and validation of swirl combustion numerical simulations.
Virtual Design and Simulation for Biomass Plane-Die Briquetting Machine
Authors: Tu De Yu , Wang Xu , Xu Ai Hua
Published: October 2011

Biomass briquetting technology is one of the key technologies about biomass energy. In this paper we established solid model of biomass plane-die briquetting machine by UG software and imported the model into software-ADAMS/View module to simulate the process and to analyse dynamic characteristic parameters. Under the conditions of the same spindle speed and different roller pressures, we obtained the characteristic curves of the main spindle bearing torque and the motor power. The results of simulation showed that the main spindle beared torque increased along with the increase of the roller pressure so that the needed motor power increased. The maximum simulated motor power is in the start-up stage through which we can get the correction coefficient k compared with the theoretical value. According to the above analysis, we got the dynamic characteristic model of the biomass plane-die briquetting machine which can provide theoretical basis for related equipment design.
An Accurate on-Line Monitoring Method of the Exhaust Steam Dryness Based on Discriminant Criteria of the Flow Patterns
Authors: Zhao Ning , Chen Ya Mi
Published: October 2011

With the development of information and computer technology, it is possible to monitor and analyze on-line features of large steam turbine-generator units. The energy consumption rate and the exhaust steam dryness are two important indices. Base on the analyses of those existed calculation methods for turbine varying condition, we give a sequential varying condition calculation that starts with steam extraction of the final stage or the second final stage (superheated steam condition). According to the initially assumed final stage flow, and the thermodynamic parameters before the final stage, also the backpressure, we can distinguish the flow patterns of the stage by a discriminant criteria. Then we can conduct a stage varying condition calculation of primary stage in sequence from the front final stage parameter, so the new exhaust steam enthalpy and the exhaust steam dryness can be got. So the precise energy consumption rate and the exhaust enthalpy (or the dryness) can be got easily. Obviously, without measuring the flow or the dryness, we can accurately monitor the on-line energy consumption rate and the dryness of the units.
Catalytic Fast Pyrolysis of Cellulose with HZSM-5
Authors: Liang Tao , Wang Shu Rong , Guo Xiu Juan , Zhou Yan , Gu Yue Ling
Published: October 2011

An analytical pyrolyzer coupled with Gas Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry (Py-GC/MS) was employed to study the influence of HZSM-5 on the pyrolysis products of cellulose. The results revealed that pyrolysis products of cellulose consisted of light molecular weight products with linear chain, anhydrosugars and furan compounds. Light molecular products were mainly acetaldehyde and 2-propanone, 1-hydroxy; anhydrosugars were mainly levoglucosan (LG), levoglucosenone (LGO) and 1,4:3,6-Dianhydro-α-d-glucopyranose (DGP); Furans were mainly furfural (FF) and 5-(hydroxymethyl) furfural (HMF). The addition of HZSM-5 changed the contents of main products from fast pyrolysis of cellulose, especially for aromatic hydrocarbons, which belonged to light molecular products and increased rapidly. In addition, plenty of carbon dioxide appeared. With the addition of HZSM-5, the dehydration of LG was enhanced to produce LGO and then LGO was further decomposed into small molecular products with HZSM-5: cellulose ratio increasing. And the formation of FF and HMF were both inhibited with the addition of HZSM-5, but the formation of furan was improved. It was inferred that the addition of HZSM-5 could effectively promote the further dehydration of initial products from cellulose fast pyrolysis by the breakage of side chain.
Effects of the Different Crystallization Time on Synthesis of Zeolite 4A from by-Products of Polysilicon Production Process
Authors: Liu Xing Yong , Li Min , Chen Hong , Wei Wei
Published: October 2011

Pure form,single phase and high crystalline zeolite 4A samples were synthesized during hydrothermal treatment of by-products in polysilicon production process. The effects of the different crystallization time on the degree of crystallinity, skeleton structure, morphology, size of the particle and its distribution of zeolite 4A samples were investigated using XRD,FT-IR,SEM and Zetasizer. The results indicated that the zeolite 4A sample featured high crystallinity degree, excellent dispersivity, high purity and single structure.
Preparation and Characterization of Briquette Fuel from Biomass-Fired Fly Ash
Authors: Zhang Zhi Bo , Jiang Da Long , Lu Qiang , Dong Chang Qing
Published: October 2011

In many of the current biomass-fired power plants, the fly ash usually contains abundant combustible char, due to the in-sufficient burning. In this study, a new idea was proposed to prepare briquette fuel using the fly ash. Experiments were conducted to produce six briquette fuels from the fly ash added with the composite binder and using a lab-scale briquetting machine. The mechanical strength of the six briquette fuels and their burning-out residues was measured, to reveal the effects of the composite binder on preparation and characteristics of the briquette fuel.
Potential for Biogas Production from Anaerobic Co-Digestion of Dairy and Chicken Manure with Corn Stalks
Authors: Wang Xiao Jiao , Yang Gai He , Feng Yong Zhong , Ren Guang Xin
Published: October 2011

Anaerobic co-digestion of dairy manure, chicken manure with corn stalks were investigated at 15, 35 and 55 °C. Two trials were carried out, one based on co-digestion of dairy or chicken manure alone with corn stalks at ratios of 1:1, 2:1 and 3:1, the other based on co-digestion of dairy and chicken manure together with corn stalks on the premise of the optimal ratio between manure and stalks. In the first trial, the analysis based on the biogas and methane yields showed that co-digestion of dairy or chicken manure with corn stalks at 2:1 both had higher fermentabilities than other ratios. In the second trial, at 15 °C and 35 °C, various ratios of co-digestion of dairy and chicken manure together with corn stalks were all higher than co-digestion of two kinds of manure alone with corn stalks and maximum biogas and methane yields were obtained at the C/N ratios from 25 to 28. At 55 °C, only at the mixture ratios of 1.6:0.4:1, co-digestion of dairy and chicken manure together with corn stalks were higher than co-digestion of dairy manure with corn stalks, indicating the optimal C/N ratios from 28 to 30 in biogas and methane production. Based on regression analysis, maximum biogas and methane yields were found at 49.9 °C and 46.9 °C with the ratios of dairy, chicken manure and corn stalks at 1.14:0.86:1 and 0.74:1.26:1, respectively.
Study on Anaerobic Digestion Performance of Kitchen Wastes: Inhibition of Ammonia Nitrogen and Volatile Acid on the Anaerobic methanogenesis
Authors: Liu Jian Guang , Zhao Shi Hai , Zhang Lie Hui
Published: October 2011

The inhibition of ammonia nitrogen and volatile acid on anaerobic methanogenesis during the anaerobic digestion of kitchen wastes by way of digest fluid backflow was studied. The experiment was conducted at 35°C, and used kitchen wastes as organic carbon source .The results shows that the ammonia nitrogen inhibition concentration is 1400-1700 mg/L. When the ammonia nitrogen concentration rises to 2000 mg/L, the anaerobic methanogenesis efficiency decreased obviously, along with the accumulation of volatile acid. At the feeding organic load of 3.5-4.0kgVS/(m3.d), the anaerobic methanogenesis system was stable operation, the higher VS reduction (72.17%) and the higher methane production rate were obtained..
Aqueous-Phase Reforming of Ethylene Glycol to Hydrogen on Supported Pt Catalysts
Authors: Ma Jin Qiang , Xu Ye , Xu Yuan Feng , Li Hui , Li He Xing , Li Ping , Zhou Xing Gui
Published: October 2011

Aqueous-phase reforming of 5 wt% ethylene glycol was studied at temperature of 498 K over Pt supported on Al2O3, SiO2, TiO2, CeO2. High selectivity about 90% for generation of hydrogen was observed over the supported Pt catalysts, suggesting that the methanation or the Fischer-Tropsch reactions involving CO/CO2 and H2 does not appear to be important over these catalysts under the present conditions. Compared with Pt/SiO2 and Pt/CeO2, Pt supported on Al2O3 and TiO2 produced measurable amounts of gaseous alkane that may be due to the acidity of the supports. To verify this suppose, the water-gas shift reaction was carried out over the catalysts under the same reaction conditions, and no CH4 was observed over these Pt catalysts. Relatively higher generation rates of hydrogen and carbon dioxide were achieved over Pt/Al2O3 and Pt/SiO2 catalysts.
Study on the Methanol Catalytic Synthesis from Biomass Syngas
Authors: Zhu Ling Feng , Guo Yi Ping , Cheng Meng , Zhang Nan , Chen Gui Xia , Wang Yang Yang , Wang Yan
Published: October 2011

In order to provide the scientific and practical basis to the industrial test of methanol catalytic synthesis from cornstalk syngas, the systemic research about the reaction conditions of methanol catalytic synthesis over a domestic Cu-based catalyst C301 was carried out in a tubular-flow integral and isothermal reactor. The reaction temperature, the cornstalk syngas proportion and the entrance syngas flow rate were optimized under the reaction pressure of 5MPa and the credible results were obtained.
Molecular Cloning and Characterization Analysis of Malic Enzyme Gene from Dunaliella parva
Authors: Shang Chang Hua , Zhu Shun Ni , Yuan Zhen Hong , Wang Zhong Ming
Published: October 2011

Malic enzymes are a class of oxidative decarboxylases which catalyze the oxidative decarboxylation of malate to pyruvate and carbon dioxide. the former studies on lipid pathways and genetic engineering test for enhanced lipid synthesis suggests that ME are the most promising targets gene for enhanced lipid synthesis. The full-length cDNA encoding NADP malic enzyme was obtained from oleaginous microalgae Dunaliella parva, which include 1293 bp open reading frame (ORF) and 26 bp 3′-untranslated sequence. NCBI-CD search revealed that there are two mainly domains predicted in the Dunaliella parva ME protein. In addition, a 724 bp promoter was obtained. The potential regulatory elements associated with hormone and light responses were also found in the ME promoter region. Similarity analysis revealed that the highest identity was found between Dunaliella parva and Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. The Dunaliella parva ME also showed wide similarity with other species.
Production of High Heat Value Fuels by Microwave Pyrolysis of Microalgae Oil Soap under Nitrogen Environments
Authors: Wang Yu Pu , Liu Yu Huan , Ruan Rong Sheng , Wan Yi Qin , Zhang Jin Sheng , Peng Hong
Published: October 2011

The purpose of this study is to preparing high heat value fuels. In present investigation, sodium soap made from microalgae oil was used as the experimental material with significant molecular polarity, then by using microwave heating technology, which may preferentially activate the polar molecule and functional groups of the soap molecular, leading to the high selectivity of decarboxylation. The hydrocarbon content arrived maximum in 900W, when was investigated in different microwave radiation power, obtained pyrolysis liquid similar with high heat value fuel. The hydrocarbon content were usually above 70%. In addition, its density and dynamic viscosity are 0.845-0.870g/cm3 and 2.15-2.70mm2/s.
Energy Saving Analysis of TSC&APF Integrated Device
Authors: Shen Jing Shuang , Jiang Chuan Wen , Liu Yu Jiao , Yun Wei Jun
Published: October 2011

This paper analyzes the construction and control principle of Thyristor Switched Capacitor(TSC) and Active Power Filter(APF) integrated device. An harmonics detection method based on the instantaneous reactive power theory is also discussed. This method is effective to apply to TSC&APF integrated device and can get better result to eliminate the harmonics and compensate reactive power. A new integrated device which consists of TSC and APF is developed with this method. The application in the automobile industry shows that this device is correct and effective. It is a favorable model of improving the power quality and save the energy.