bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Challenges of the Bioclimatic Architecture in Romania
Authors: Gherghescu Dragoş-Ştefan , Dabija Ana-Maria
Published: December 2020

The Bioclimatic Architecture is an architectural style, new as terminology in the history of architecture, but old in its principles, that can be found in the history of the vernacular architecture since the first types of houses appeared. Nowadays, due to the need of eco-friendly ways of building and due to the need of green energy consumption, it emerged in different architectural styles aiming to develop the built space in different manners. Green, Passive, Solar and Bioclimatic Architecture. Each one of them is depending on the natural factors, but from all of them, Bioclimatic Architecture uses all the natural resources available on the site through the volume of the construction in passive ways, sing reduced amounts of energy. First bioclimatic models appeared in hot climate, where they successfully responded to the only needs of cooling the interior air by solar protection and by natural ventilation, and also using the thermal inertia for providing warm air during the cold summer nights. The main problem appears in the temperate zone where, during the winter time, the need of active systems for providing higher indoor temperature appears a warm indoor temperature against the sub-zero outside temperature. This paper aims to highlight the particularities of Romanian continental climate that influences the bioclimatic model, to mark the limit where the passive bioclimatic principles stop, and from where the active systems begin.
Defining Criteria for the Selection of Measures to Increase Energy Efficiency in Public Buildings
Authors: Zecevic Nurin , Dzaferovic Ejub , Husika Azrudin
Published: December 2020

Buildings, although one of the largest energy consumers in the world, also represent big potential to reduce energy consumption, dependence on fossil fuels and carbon dioxide emissions, through the implementation of energy efficiency measures. Improvement of energy efficiency of existing buildings requires a dedicated, serious and detailed approach. Investors are often guided by economic criteria, which greatly influence on investments and interventions, potentially causing some negative side effects (comfort reduction, use of energy-intensive materials, etc.). Therefore, it is very important to rely on methods that provide detailed and affordable cost, technical and environmental analysis. Energy efficiency methods are often based on simple methods such as research, estimation of energy consumption, preliminary design, estimation of energy savings and financial cost-effectiveness. For example, in energy audits of buildings, annual energy consumption and cost-effectiveness are considered for analysis. For a more detailed assessment, a calculation tool based on the calculation of energy consumption of particular facility and the estimation of energy savings after the proposed energy efficiency measures is being used. The proposed measures generally represent a classic scenario of energy efficiency measures. In this paper, factors such as comparison of the share of fossil fuels and renewable energy sources (RES), the estimation of cost-effectiveness of the use of renewable energy technologies, aspect of embodied energy in materials and life cycle assessment in buildings are being considered. This paper defines the criteria for the evaluation of scenarios (functional groups of measures) for increasing energy efficiency of the building, which include, in addition to energy and economic aspects, environmental aspect. The six criteria have been defined for evaluation of energy efficiency scenarios related to: annual energy consumption, total annual primary energy, share of RES in primary energy, direct and indirect carbon emissions, embodied energy in applied materials and investment per scenario. For each criteria an expression for its calculation is given. Defined criteria are calculated for six scenarios of increasing the energy efficiency of Mechanical Engineering Faculty, University of Sarajevo. Based on the calculated different values of criteria of considered aspects, it is possible to identify in more detail way critical points, advantages and disadvantages of different combinations of energy efficiency measures, which can further serve to identify the best strategy necessary for evaluation of energy performance of the building before and after the intervention.
Influence of sustainable construction aspects and quality of public space on the price of houses in the Czech Republic
Authors: Kliment Daniel , Jandásková Tereza , Hrdlička Tomáš , Cupal Martin
Published: December 2020

The construction industry produces 25 to 30 % of greenhouse gases and consumes 40 % of globally required energy. The construction industry and buildings contribute significantly to the climate change. Also the buildings are the cornerstone to the public space and affect its quality. One of the approaches to reduce greenhouse gas production (especially carbon dioxide) is the construction and operation of buildings according to the principles of sustainability. Houses are mostly not certified (environmental certification programs as LEED or BREEAM) because it is uneconomical to certify. However, the houses can fulfill sustainable construction aspects like using natural or recycled materials, design of energy efficient buildings, using alternative energy sources, connection to public transport, etc. The influence of using basic sustainable principles and quality of public space as an important part of sustainability to a price was tested through a database. The database consists of 98 samples of houses sold over the year 2017 in Brno - venkov district. Significant price settings factors were identified. Due to the number of variables, testing by multivariate regression analysis was performed on submodels, individual variables could be correctly identified. Tested database confirmed basic price setting factors for houses, such as the technical condition of the house, distance from the city of Brno, as well as the useable area of the house and the factor of liquidity. The influence of sustainable principles like using renewable energy, low energy demand, solar panels for hot water or photovoltaic panels was rejected. Some kind of sustainable principle was detected at 10 % of samples. Material base, especially using natural materials like timber, was not found as a price setting factor. One of the submodels was focused on the social part of the sustainability given to the location and public space. The possibility of using public transportation or car park close to the house was not confirmed as price setting factors affecting the price. Also the danger of flooding, index of criminality and noise level were considered and were rejected as price affecting. This paper presents results aimed at exploring the importance of the basic aspects of sustainable construction and quality of public space on the price of houses in the database of 98 houses in Brno - venkov district, Czech Republic.
Contemporary hotel architecture in the mountain landscape of the Silesian Beskids
Authors: Grzybowski Andrzej
Published: December 2020

The subject of the article is contemporary the hotel architecture arising in the mountain areas of the Silesian Beskids. This area of southern Poland, located on the border with the Czech Republic and the Slovak Republic, has been for decades an attractive place for the weekend and holiday recreation for residents of large Polish cities, especially the inhabitants of the Upper Silesian region. In XX century, there was a rapid development of mass tourism. The most touristically developed and prepared to receive mass numbers of holidaymakers are villages located in the northern and central parts of the Silesian Beskids: Ustroń, Wisła, Brenna, Szczyrk. Numerous hotels and guesthouses have been created at the time and also in recent years to service holiday makers coming from big cities. The author presents the main trends in the architecture of the holiday homes built there. The first of these trends is a guest house and hotel architecture referring to the traditional local folk architecture. We come across various forms here: historicism, the neo-natural style, and less often the contemporary interpretation of old forms. The second trend is inter-war, modernist guesthouses. The third trend is large-scale holiday homes from the ‘70s and’ 80s of the 20th century in the style of post-war socmodernism. In addition to these currents, in recent years, numerous facilities have been created in many tourist resorts that do not exhibit regional features, similar to suburban buildings in other regions. Some of them imitate local or foreign patterns. An example of that approach would be holiday houses in the “Alpine” or “Bavarian” style. As an example of searching for contemporary hotel architecture undertaking a dialogue with local construction and mountain landscape, the author presents his own project of the Three Nations Meeting House in the village of Istebna. The mission of the Meeting House was to allow and increase activities aimed at integrating the regions of Central Europe.
The concept of Territorial Frugality, how to identify, quantify and apply - the study of Lisbon Metropolitan Area
Authors: Vieira Pedro Nuno , De Sampayo Mafalda Teixeira , Leite João Silva
Published: December 2020

“In behavioral science, frugality has been defined as the tendency to acquire goods and services in a contained manner, and use of the economic goods, resources and services themselves, to achieve a long-term goal” [1] The present project intends to study the introduction of the concept of territorial frugality, characterizing its applicability to the territory, specifically to the urban space, as a tool in the parsimonious use of available resources, as well as studying its measurement through a mixed methodology. An interventionist, either using the opinion of a group of experts, using the DELPHI technique, as well as the establishment of conceptual models or using other methods in order to identify, select and define the applicability of indicators that allow the evaluation or establishment of parameters correlated with the concept of frugality, within the scope of spatial planning and urbanism, within the case of Lisbon Metropolitan Area.
Composing a Conceptual Framework for an Inclusive Mobility System
Authors: Fian Tabea , Hauger Georg
Published: December 2020

This paper addresses the question how a future mobility system can be available and accessible to all people in our society regardless whether they are disabled or not. The purpose of composing a conceptional framework is to point out how such an inclusive mobility system must therefore be designed and organised. The discussed research question is based on the “Seven Principles of Universal Design”, the “UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities” as well as on the UN goals on sustainable development (more specifically, Goal #9: Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure, Goal #10: Reduced Inequalities, Goal #11: Sustainable Cities and Communities). These theoretical principles on inclusion and inclusive design are transferred to the interdisciplinary concerns of spatial planning: From a transportation system planning point of view, a detailed set of mobility and accessibility requirements for people with disabilities is elaborated and described. Consequently, the identified accessibility and mobility requirements of individuals with disabilities are assigned to the roles and responsibilities of the following sectors: (1) government, (2) the private sector (economy and industry), (3) academia and (4) civil society and advocacy groups. This broad analytical approach allows to include and identify innovative solutions that constitute an inclusive mobility system by considering technology driven aspects as well as non-technological aspects. In this manner, eight inclusive components (so called i components) for the future design and organisation of an inclusive mobility system are formulated: i Car, i Environment, i Ride, i Assist, i Organize, i Code, i Image and i Funding.
Numerical Verification of the Use of GFRP Reinforcement in the Ceiling Slab of a Garage House
Authors: Blaho Stanislav , Gajdošová Katarína , Sonnenschein Róbert
Published: December 2020

One of the major advantages of fibre reinforced polymers (FRPs) is their high tensile strength and low weight to strength ratio. Compared to steel reinforcement, this is one of the main and decisive features that could determine the choice of materials used in the design. Since there is no corrosion for this type of reinforcement, it is very suitable for concrete structures in aggressive environments. This point, along with others, gives concrete structures reinforced with FRPs significant advantages over conventional concrete structures with steel reinforcement. Different material properties and behaviour of FRP when compared to steel reinforcement result in the need of the modification of established design procedures, especially in the area of the ultimate strain, because FRP reinforcement has a different σ-ε diagram than the steel reinforcement. The experimental verification of the new design procedures is necessarily needed. This paper summarizes the results of practical design and calculations of the resistance of alternatively steel and GFRP reinforced concrete ceiling slab of a garage house and experimental results on the beam specimens reinforced with GFRP reinforcement tested under four-points test. It was necessary to adjust the conventional procedures in calculating the required area of GFRP reinforcement in order to avoid brittle failure of the cross-section (rupture of reinforcement). This is ensured by abiding the balance reinforcement level. Another fact to be considered is the creep rupture phenomenon causing immediate rupture of GFRP reinforcement under a high level of sustained loading. The reduction of GFRP strength according to the long-term loading results in rising required area of reinforcement. Finally, the serviceability limit state is checked. According to the low modulus of elasticity of GFRP reinforcement, the deflection should be the limiting factor for the amount of reinforcement designed.
The Use of Photovoltaic Conversion in Innovative Solutions
Authors: Kozak-Jagieła Ewa , Klich Agnieszka , Mojkowska-Gawełczyk Małgorzata
Published: December 2020

The year 2021 is inevitably coming, in which all newly built buildings should meet the standard of almost zero-energy all newly build constructions (nZEB). This means that buildings should have almost zero or low energy consumption. The energy demand should be covered to a very high degree from renewable sources, including renewable energy produced on-site or nearby. One of the renewable that can be used is solar energy, which for the 9th time in a row has achieved the largest share (42.5%) of new investments utilising renewable energy sources. Currently, solar energy is most often used by photovoltaic cells, which converts it into electricity. Over the past 15 years, the accumulated annual growth rate of photovoltaic production has been over 40%, which means that the photovoltaic industry is the fastest growing in the world. The annual capacity of new solar installations installed has increased from 29.5 GWp in 2012 to 107 GWp in 2018. The development of solar technology is huge. Previously known technologies are improving and refined, which stands for that the efficiency of electricity conversion is increasing. New innovative technologies using photovoltaic cells are also emerging. These include cells dedicated to the building facade BIPV, used in louvres of curtain blinds, filling mullion-transom facades, roof skylights or balustrades. NanoPV windows are a new product appearing on the market. This is a product that uses innovative material - quantum dots, i.e. small semiconductors with the sizes of several or several dozens of nanometers, having the ability to absorb and emit electromagnetic radiation. In this work, the authors present the development of photovoltaic technology and the most interesting solutions according to the authors regarding the use of solar technologies.
The Study of the Landscape of Populated areas for needs of the Development of the Concept of Greenery
Authors: Nitavska Natalija , Skujane Daiga , Markova Madara
Published: December 2020

Thematic planning of the blue-green infrastructure is increasingly incorporated in development plans of European cities, within which the qualitative green structure is implemented at various scales – of the county, of the populated areas and locally. European experience shows that it is important to divide several levels or scales of planning (national, regional, county, city, local level) in the planning of green structures, defining the objectives and tasks to be achieved in each level, and the hierarchy between them. The methodology for developing the concept of the greenery is based on the planning of a three-level / scale greening system, based on widely used in Europe approaches for the development of green infrastructure, green network (green grid, etc.), basic principles of ecological design and urban acupuncture (the activation of urban space with punctuated public outdoor objects, elements, territories).The aim of the paper is to present the linkage between the theory and practice in the development of the concept of greenery for small scale populated areas. It is written that the structure and elements of the landscape of the populated area of Ikšķile (Latvia) and its villages have been studied and analysed as the pilot area. The levels included in the landscape study, as well as in the concept of the greenery of Ikškile municipality – city, neighbourhood or village, landscape units and object levels – form a hierarchical system in which each subsequent level details the previous one. Similarly, the study of the existing greenery structure of the populated areas is based on a multi-level study which is linked to a future planning. The most significant natural and cultural historical elements of the city have been identified and analysed at the town level of Ikšķile, dwelling on the cultural historical structure of the populated area, as well as the day-to-day important objects and areas designated as “nodal points” in the town. The “nodal points” and the “linking elements” at the town level are analysed in two directions – objects and territories of daily importance and important for the development of tourism. At the level of neighbourhoods and municipality villages, the elements forming the identity of the place and the existing structure of greenery are more analysed. At the level of landscape units and objects, the existing greenery elements in specific functional zones and situations of the town (street greenery, greenery of residential areas, etc.) – their diversity, typology, quality and usability, accessibility are analysed. As a result, the existing image of Ikšķile, the forming elements of the identity and the existing greenery and spatial structure are obtained, as well as problematic situations at each level of the study are defined. The elaborated research serves as a basis for the development of the greenery concept of the populated area of Ikšķile and its villages.
Eco-City: Model Concept for Transforming Brownfield into Modern Urban District
Authors: Karwalska Roksana , Mazur-Belzyt Katarzyna
Published: December 2020

Brownfields are undoubtedly a problem in many 21st century cities. Abandoned, degraded, dangerous, overgrown and degrading the image of cities, they also have many potentials and assets. In the context of contemporary urban development trends related to sustainable development and the idea of creating a compact city with a high quality of life, post-industrial areas, especially those located in city centers, are ideal areas for new investments. Polish cities still have a tendency to urban sprawl, which is why the purpose of this article is to draw attention to the transformation of brownfield areas into modern eco and healthy urban districts as a way of creating sustainable urban space. In addition, the article deals with the topic of pro-ecological solutions, including those related to adaptation to climate change. The study uses the case study method. Five significant examples of post-industrial area transformation from Germany, Spain and France were selected. During the analyzes compared masterplans, functional schemes and location of these areas, and then the basic parameters and relationships between them were distinguished in four main categories: general data, environment, land development and attractiveness assessment. The conclusions of the comparative analysis allowed for the definition of detailed guidelines for creating a model concept for land development of the brownfields located in the city structure. The chosen location is placed in Katowice in former areas of Silesia Zinc Plant. The proposed concept presents functional solutions for connecting residential, recreational, commercial office and industrial areas. It is a template solution for the process of spatial, social and economic development. The project proposes pro-ecological solutions and technologies, including: water recycling, use of solar energy, energy storage, intelligent control and monitoring systems, sustainable mobility, building development based on natural ventilation of the city, rain gardens, reducing heat islands, etc. The transformation methods based on modern pro-ecological technologies in the context of adaptation to climate change which were presented in the article may constitute guidelines for the implementation in similar cases of transforming brownfield areas into modern urban districts.
Impact of Biochar on Water Permeability in Soil
Authors: Gliniak Maciej , Sikora Jakub , Sadowska Urszula , Klimek-Kopyra Agnieszka , Latawiec Agnieszka , Kuboń Maciej
Published: December 2020

Water is the most important substance which occurs in nature. As a soil solution it is a basis of life for plants, both as an indispensable element of plant tissues as well as a carrier of mineral salts collected by plants through root hair. Ability to collect water by plants depends on the power of its binding with soil and thus on the quality of soil and amount of water. The objective of the article is to determine the water permeability in the superficial layer of soil in relation to the applied biochar dose. The research was provided in 2018 and 2019 year at agricultural field located in Krakow, Poland. The soil used for test was typical brown clay soil. The changes of soil granulometry were made with sunflower husk biochar. The biochar permeability was 3.2·10−5 m·s−1. The lowest value of water permeability 3.3·10−7 m·s−1 was observed for soil where 60 Mg·ha−1 of biochar was applied. Water permeability is strictly connected with general porosity and is often assumed as such in many papers. It was reported that the water permeability for control soil where no addition of biochar was used indicates up to two times lower permeability in comparison to the soil where biochar was added which indicates that biochar influences the amount of water available for plants which the investigated soils were able to store.
Improving Protective Equipment in the High-Rise Construction
Authors: Godunova Galina , Shushunova Natalia , Hoang Nguyen H.
Published: December 2020

The article considers the problem of organizing the workplace in the high-rise construction. If the workplace has a mark above 1.3 m from any base or closer than 2 m horizontally to the vertical drop, then it qualifies as a workplace at altitude. Climbing work begins at 5.0 m. It is estimated that approximately 50% of all accidents during installation work due to the fall of people from above. This is usually caused by deficiencies in the arrangement of the workplace. The analysis of existing and new types of devices for safe installation in the high-rise construction and the reasons of injury when working with building cranes are also investigated.
Architecture of a hybrid manufacturing plant: conceptual design issues
Authors: Pieczara Marta
Published: December 2020

The purpose of the presented paper is to identify and examine the key innovation areas in architectural design for manufacturing plants that are likely to appear due to the recent progress in the production technology. Firstly, the principles of the hybrid manufacturing system are discussed, with regard to the effects that the recent shift of production paradigm brings organisation to the work as well as to the character of human participation in the industry. In the next step, the analysis of exemplary designs is used to investigate new tasks and difficulties that this change is likely to pose to the architects. The research method is a logical analysis, while the material used consists of empirical designs realised with architecture master students. The most significant design issues encountered at different decision-making moments of the design process are subsequently discussed. They point to the stages of setting the functional programme, deciding upon the site selection, elaborating the factory plans and the composition of architectural form, as representing four key areas of design sequence for innovative concepts to emerge. Among other conclusions drawn from the study, the evidence for the growing importance of the aesthetics in design can be distinguished. This corresponds to the observed shift of design trends from the office to industry functions.
The Regeneration of Traditional Residential Block with Typological Approach-Taking Zhongnongli in Nanjing as an Example
Authors: Weng Weifan , Wu Jinxiu , Bao Li
Published: December 2020

With the rapid development of urbanization in China, the conservation and renewal of old cities face a huge challenge from a large amount of demolishment and construction without reasonable urban planning, which have been a widely discussed topic. As one of the most representative traditional residential blocks built in the period of the Republic of China (1912-1949), Zhongnongli has a great value in culture and plays a significant role in sustaining the continuity of history and maintaining the characteristics of the city in Nanjing. Taking Zhongnongli block as an example, based on the approach of architectural typology, this study aims to explore an organic renewal path to solve main problems in the process of regeneration, such as the confusion in space structure, the lack of public communication space and the protection of historical scene. Specifically, the research can be divided into two stages: typological extraction and typological transformation. Firstly, the thesis analyses and summarizes regional elements and deep structure of the block and buildings, trying to simplify and abstract them into prototypes like linear spatial pattern, pleasant spatial scale and patio house. Secondly, according to the traditional cultural connotation and modern life needs, these prototypes are appropriately transformed into new block morphology and building forms by means of reconstruction and translation. The experimental design we have done suggests that the application of the typological approach in contemporary urban planning and architectural design can contribute to realizing the harmonious coexistence of old and new buildings as well as the balance between inheritance and innovation, which serves as a model for the sustainable development of traditional residential blocks.
Resistance of Young Concrete on Frost Action at Early Age Part 1 – Compressive Strength
Authors: Osetek Wojciech
Published: December 2020

Concreting at winter time and in cold weather regions causes technological problem by production of fresh mix prevented from temperature below 0°C. Generally problem concerns fresh mix as well as young concrete. Apart from higher costs of mix appears durability of this concrete. Young concrete is prevented from single freezing if its strength obtains minimum 3,5MPa according to ACI 306R-16 but based on other publications the range of compressive strength can be much wider. Nevertheless, standards do not precise how investigate and how looks in reality the durability of concrete, which was subjected to freezing at early age. High compressive strength of concrete after 28 days and 90 days cannot be an indicator for its durability. Admittedly, high early strength cannot lead to unambiguous statement, that durability was reached. The destructive mechanism differs from freeze-thaw resistance of hardened concrete and depends on free water content, which remains after 22each freezing and initial curing temperature. Used measurement technic can also play significant role by describing of results. This paper presents part of doctoral thesis entitled “Resistance of young concrete on frost action at early age”, scope and parameters of freezing test base instead on analysis and long-standing author’s practice on building sites. The objective of the paper is to evaluate compressive strength loss after cyclic freezing of young concrete in different air conditions with different material modification and its effectiveness. It was considered change in modification of concrete mainly standard air entrainment, polymer microspheres and cement replacement. Concrete series with microspheres reached on the one hand the lowest reference compressive strength on the other hand has shown resistance on freezing at early age, but not in all cases. Modified concrete series by sulphate aluminate as replacement in 10% of Portland cement showed lack of resistance on freezing. Air entrained concrete and self-compacting concrete have shown different behavior depending on cycles and initial curing temperature. Frozen samples independently for strength increment in time revealed different strength loss after 28 days and 90 days. It is interesting, that cyclic freezing at early age must not influence on strength increment, however concrete loses its permeability in almost all cases.
Load Bearing Capacity of Precast Concrete Slab–Wall Connection
Authors: Skadins Ulvis , Dandens Atis
Published: December 2020

Precast concrete slabs and their supporting walls are connected using dowel pins, anchoring loop bars, and cast-in-situ concrete. The design resistance of such connections can be calculated using multiple different methods. The design load bearing capacity can vary depending on the method used and assumptions made during calculation, making it difficult to determine, which methods are reliable and should be preferred. The study ordered by construction company JSC “UPB” discusses two design methods proposed by Eurocode 2 and fib Bulletin 43. A semi full-scale loading tests of concrete walls and slab specimens are carried out. The results show that the design methods considering only the contribution of steel dowel pins, underestimates the actual capacity of the connection by 2 to 4 times. On the other hand, the methods, considering both the contribution of the dowels and the friction between concrete interfaces, correspond well with the experimental results.
An Investigation on the Impact of Different Vegetation Types on Microenvironment in Winter
Authors: Yang Xiaojing , Liu Yu , Hao Shangkai
Published: December 2020

The carefully designed greening system can significantly improve the thermal comfort of a microenvironment. A greening system is usually composed of different vegetation types, which have different impacts on their surrounding microenvironment. In order to evaluate the impacts of different vegetation types on campus microenvironment, four representative plots with different vegetation types (arbor + lawn, shrub + lawn, lawn, bamboo forest + lawn) in a university campus in northwest China were selected for investigation. HOBO temperature and humidity recorder were used to monitor the temperature and humidity of four plots at a level of 1.5m high in for 24 consecutive hours in 5 days in winter of 2019. The results show that, during the observation period, all the four kinds of vegetation types have a certain influence on the microenvironment, and the degree of influence shows a trend of bamboo forest + lawn> arbor + lawn> shrub + lawn> lawn. The results of this research are expected to provide a reference in the selection of vegetation types for the design of campus greening system.
Analysing the implementation motivations of BIM Technology in Construction Project Management
Authors: Mesaros Peter , Spisakova Marcela , Mandicak Tomas
Published: December 2020

Construction project management is a difficult process. It includes a lot of participants in the construction project and the relationships between them. Currently, the construction industry is increasing demands on technology. BIM is a progressive intelligent 3D model-based process that gives architecture, engineering, and construction (AEC) professionals the insight and tools to more efficiently in planning, designing, and buildings and infrastructure managing. The research discusses the issue of implementation motivations of BIM using in construction project management. The main aim of the paper is to analyse and give an overview of motivations groups of BIM in construction project management.
Energy Audit of Buildings Commissioned Upon Completion of Industrial Facility Conversion Projects
Authors: Topchiy Dmitriy
Published: December 2020

This article deals with the problems of an integrated energy assessment of industrial and civil facilities commissioned upon completion of conversion projects for capital construction facilities located on former industrial sites. It describes the need for updating the regulatory framework that determines the general methodology of this type of works and specifies energy research methods and instruments. In addition, it formulates requirements to the professional skills of experts involved in this research. The article reviews the European experience of energy saving and enhancing the energy efficiency of this type of buildings. It should be noted that only every fourth subject of the Russian Federation, the largest energy producing country, has an approved energy saving and energy efficiency improvement governmental program for newly commissioned buildings and structures. The article also offers an organizational and methodological structure for raising the energy efficiency level of buildings being commissioned after conversion of industrial facilities.
Horizontal Forces on the Crane Runway during the Motion of the Crane
Authors: Musilek Josef
Published: December 2020

During the motion of an overhead travelling crane on the crane runway, horizontal forces between the crane and the crane runway girder occur. Some possibilities were presented in a paper by the author in 2018 and 2019. In the last one, a dynamic model was presented. This dynamic model enables us to determine the behaviour of the crane during its motion and also to calculate the horizontal transverse forces between the overhead double bridge crane wheels and the crane runway girder. This dynamic model consists of rigid parts connected by springs representing the elasticity of the steel structure of the overhead double bridge crane. The dynamic model can be used not only for the calculation of horizontal forces but also for the determination of the crane motion in general. The motion of the crane can be investigated both during its accelerating and during its motion with constant velocity. The basic assumption of this model is that there is no contact between the rim of the crane wheel and the rail of the crane runway. This paper shows the simulation of the motion of a specific overhead double bridge crane which is stationary and starts to move due to the engine’s torque. The data of the crane are shown in the paper as well as the result of the simulation. The initial conditions of the crane for the purpose of the simulation are described in the paper. The simulation assumes no contact between the rim of the crane wheel and the rail of the crane runway which is consistent with the model’s assumptions.
Selection of the Best Option of Brownfield Revitalization Using the Habu Method
Authors: Pelčák Svatopluk , Korytárová Jana
Published: December 2020

The article focuses on the research into the evaluation of the socio-economic efficiency of selected brownfield revitalization projects. Revitalization of brownfields has become the focus of urban planning in recent decades not only in the Czech Republic. The city of Brno has also been involved in the development of these areas for a long time, and the proposal for a new zoning plan, which is currently under discussion, should significantly facilitate the development of such areas. Spatial planning documentation aims at determining the urban concept, the concept of landscape layout and the concept of public infrastructure, it defines the built-up areas, other areas, and corridors and sets the conditions for their use. Regarding the fact that a significant part of these development areas is located in strategically important parts of the city, their use is crucial for their further development. It is therefore appropriate to consider what land-use alternatives are allowed by the zoning plan and how these alternatives can contribute to the effective use of the area in the context of its surroundings and in connection with strategic urban development plans. The main goal of the research is to define a procedure for evaluating individual alternatives of the use of a given area in order to find an optimal solution for both the investor and the city (public). To reach this goal, the HABU method was chosen, which evaluates the development of the area from the point of view of being legally accessible, physically possible, financially feasible and maximally productive, further supplemented by specific elements of cost-benefit analysis (CBA) so as to evaluate the impact of revitalization projects on the broader public space. The output of the research described in this article is a methodical procedure for the evaluation of alternative solutions for the development of brownfields.
A Review on Structural Behavior, Analysis and Design of RC Dapped End Beams
Authors: Shakir Qasim M.
Published: December 2020

This paper represents a historical review of the theoretical and experimental studies carried out previously to study the behavior of reinforced concrete dapped end beams. Prestressing is one of the techniques that have been adopted to enhance the performance of such members. Furthermore, a dapped end needs to be strengthened due to various reasons to improve its performance. Consequently, the review has been extended to include studied such aspects. It was concluded that the ultimate capacity enhanced by reducing the shear-slenderness ratio and horizontal tension reaction and increasing the strength of concrete and fiber content. In addition, nib main reinforcement affects significantly the mode of failure, cracking and ultimate load. However, it was observed that the inclined hanger stirrups or bent performed better than that of vertical alignment and that the prestressing level and strand profile affect the shear capacity and performance significantly. On the other hand, it was found that the external bonding CFRP is the most adopted strengthening material and that the STM (Strut-and-Tie Model) approach results in better predictions of the ultimate load than the shear-friction method. Moreover, directions for future work are proposed, several conclusions have been drawn and a comprehensive list of references is provided.
New Efficient Algorithm for the Discrete Hartley Transform
Authors: Hamood Mounir T.
Published: December 2020

In real-time signal processing applications, the discrete version of the transform introduced by Hartley (DHT) has been proved to be an efficient substitute to the discrete Fourier transform (DFT). A new algorithm for fast calculations of the DHT (FHT) based on radix -2/4/8 method is introduced in this paper. In comparison with the split radix FHT algorithm, the proposed algorithm has a comparable arithmetic complexity, but preserves the regularity and the simple butterfly structure of the radix-2 algorithm. The development of the algorithm is motivated by firstly deriving a new radix-2/8 FHT algorithm and then cascading it with the radix-4 and radix-2 FHT algorithms. The arithmetic complexity of the developed algorithm has been implemented and analyzed by calculating the number of real additions and multiplications for different transform lengths. Comparisons with the existing FHT algorithms have shown that this algorithm can be considered as a good compromise between structural and arithmetic complexity.
The Influence of Various Factors on the Drying Shrinkage of Basalt Fibre Reinforced Cement-Based Composites Designed by the Taguchi Method
Authors: Adesina Adeyemi , Booya Emad , Karla Gorospe , Das Sreekanta
Published: December 2020

Cement-based composites are widely used for various construction applications due to their outstanding mechanical and durability performance. However, the high drying shrinkage of cement-based composites has resulted in detrimental effects on its long-term performance. Drying shrinkage in cement-based composites causes cracks that serve as a pathway for the ingression of deleterious materials into the composites. Therefore, improving the drying shrinkage resistance of cement-based composites will result in an enhancement of the overall performance of the composites. The incorporation of short fibres and supplementary cementitious materials are some of the effective ways to improve the resistance of cement-based composites against drying shrinkage. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the effect of the incorporation of basalt fibres and fly ash on the drying shrinkage of cement-based composites. This paper presents the results from the experimental and numerical investigation on the influence of various factors on the drying shrinkage of basalt fibre reinforced cement-based composites. The mixtures evaluated in this study were designed using the Taguchi method and a total of nine mixtures were made. The influence of the fly ash, water, sand and basalt content on the drying shrinkage of the mixtures were investigated. The findings from this study showed that the use of fly ash to cement ratio of 4, sand to binder ratio of 1, water to binder ratio of 0.25 and basalt fibre dosage of 2% is optimum to reduce drying shrinkage.
Effect of Radiation on Natural Convection Heat Transfer from Heated Horizontal Cylinder in Vented Enclosure
Authors: Ali Omar Mohammed , Mahmood Raid Ahmed
Published: December 2020

The natural convection heat transfer from a heated circular cylinder placed in a square vented enclosure was investigated considering the effect of the thermal radiation from cylinder using finite volume method with simple algorithm that used pressure-velocity coupling to solve Navier-Stockes and energy equations using Computational Fluid Dynamics CFD (Fluent software). The flow domain is filled with air. The enclosure width is 12.5 cm, two symmetrical openings at its lower and upper walls with size O = 2.5 cm and the cylinder diameter is 5 cm. Different rang of cylinder’s surface emissivity with Rayleigh number range between 103 to 106 was applied in this study as operating condition. The effect of the Ra, cylinder radiation for vented square enclosure on the convection, radiation and total Nusselt numbers Nu and flow and thermal patterns were investigated. The numerical results for pure natural convection were compared with available experimental results, good agreement was obtained. The results revealed that the natural convection heat transfer from the cylinder in the enclosure is increased as compared with that of the unbounded cylinder without radiation effect. The results also revealed that there is a linear relationship between the heat transfer enhancement and the emissivity, there is a significant effect of the cylinder surface radiation which gives high augmentation compared with that of the free cylinder and natural convection heat transfer without radiation effect. A maximum total Nusselt number is obtained at high emissivity compared with that of natural convection heat transfer, the maximum Nu enhancement ranged between 70 to 350 % for low Ra and 25 to 125% for high Ra.
CFD Analysis for The Effect of Personal Ventilation Combined with Mixing Ventilation on Performance Index (ADPI) and Thermal Human Comfort
Authors: Sahebl Hussien Aziz , Mahdi Ala’a Abbas , Al-amir Qusay Rasheed
Published: December 2020

Good indoor air quality and ideal thermal comfort are very important indicators for the comfort of occupant’s space. The Iraqi climate is hot dry in summer, so the use of air conditioners is indispensable. This work focuses on solving the IAQ problems in office room environments, and it evaluated a new principle of ventilation which is combined personal and mixing ventilation systems. Personal and mixing ventilation system can provide individual control of indoor climate. The airflow motion and distribution of temperature investigated numerically with the best flow rate from combined system. CFD study is used for simulation the indoor airflow and temperature distribution by using (AIRPAK3.0.16) for solving the turbulence equations, Naiver-Stocks, energy equations, and using (FVM). The Renormalization Group RNG K-Ɛ turbulence model was used for simulation this study cases, the airflow rate from ATD was 5 l/s and 10 l/s. For mixing ventilation supply temperature of 17°C and The temperature of the supplied air from the personal ventilation system ranges from (17 to 23) °C, it was found that if using personal ventilation system at airflow rate of 10 l / s it would improve the quality of the inhaled air present in the breathing zone. The personal and mixing ventilation system provides good human thermal comfort based on the values of effectiveness temperature (Ɛt) and air distribution performance index (ADPI) which give (1.241) and (63.226%) respectively. The increased airflow rate from (ATD) leads to a decrease in the temperature in the breathing zone, this increases the human thermal comfort of the occupants inside the room.
Effect of TiO2 Nanoparticles Addition on Contact Angle of Epoxy Resin
Authors: Nyief Ali. F. , Shabeeb Kadhum. M. , Hassan Ayad. K.
Published: December 2020

The contact angle is very important parameter in improving the self-cleaning property as well as in increasing the wear resistance of engineering surfaces in addition to improving the thermal transfer properties of materials in general. In this study, titanium dioxide nanoparticles were added to the epoxy resin and sprayed on a substrate of the brass tube used in heat exchangers for the purpose of studying its effect on the angle of contact of the substrate where different proportions of the nanomaterial were added to the epoxy resin in (1%, 3%, 5%, and 7%)wt. The results showed that the contact angle increased with increasing the rate of titanium dioxide nanoparticles.
Impact of synergy effect of SDBS and PVP on morphology and performance of electrolytic copper powder
Authors: Ge Jian , Zhu Xiaoyun , Long Jinming , Liu Shunke
Published: December 2020

Copper powder is prepared by electrolysis, and additives Sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (SDBS) and polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) are added to the electrolyte. Through the synergy effect of the two additives, the shielding effect between metal atoms is enhanced, and as a consequence the microscopic morphology is changed and it the powder performance is improved. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), x-ray diffraction (XRD) and Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) are used to characterize the copper powder. The results show that when the content of SDBS and PVP is 5 g l−1 and 1.5g l−1 respectively, the new type of thin and long dendrite copper powder can be obtained by electrolysis.