bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Essential oil of a possible new chemotype of crithmum maritimum L. growing in campania (Southern Italy)
Authors: Senatore Felice , De Feo Vincenzo
Published: November 2006

The essential oil of seafennel (Crithmum maritimum L.) growing in Campania (Southern Italy) was isolated by hydrodistillation in a 0.17% (v/w) yield related to the fresh weight. GC‐MS analysis showed the presence of 58 compounds, about 50 of which were identified. Monoterpenes constituted 95.0% of the total; γ‐terpinene (37%), methylthymol (29%), p‐cymene (10%) and β‐pinene (8%) were the main oil components. Some differences were found in comparison with seafennel oil analysed in earlier studies, which suggest the occurrence of different chemotypes.
Essential oils from some Artemisia species growing spontaneously in North‐West Italy
Authors: Mucciarelli M. , Caramiello R. , Maffei M. , Chialva F.
Published: November 2006

Essential oils were isolated from Artemisia abrotanum L., A. absinthium L., A. alba Turra, A. annua, L., A. campestris L. ssp. campestris, A. campestris L. ssp. borealis (Pallas) H. M. Hall et Clements, A. chamaemelifolia Vill., A. genipi Weber, A. glacialis L., A. petrosa Baumg. ssp. eriantha Ten., A. umbelliformis Lam., A. vallesiaca All., A. verlotiorum Lamotte, A. vulgaris L., growing spontaneously in the north‐west Italian Alps. GC‐MS analyses were carried out in order to determine the percentage composition of the oils. The data obtained were statistically processed in order to partition the species according to their oil composition. The results showed the presence of two main groups of plants. The first group composed of A. genipi, A. umbelliformis and A. petrosa was characterized by the presence of α‐thujone, while camphor and 1,8‐cineole characterized the oil of the remaining plants.
Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of essential oil of leaf, stem and rhizome of Alpinia speciosa
Authors: de Pooter H. L. , Aboutabl E. A. , El‐Shabrawy A. O.
Published: November 2006

Essential oils prepared by hydrodistillation of leaves (L), rhizomes (R), and stems (S) of Alpinia speciosa (J.C.Wendl.) K.Schum. [=Languas speciosa (J.C.Wendl.) Merrill], Family Zingiberaceae, were analysed by capillary gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (CGC‐MS). Individual components of the oil of each organ were identified by their Kováts indices and their mass spectra which were compared with published material or with data of reference compounds. Quantitative determination was carried out based on peak area integration. The study revealed that the oxygenated compounds constitute 41.7%, 52.1% and 42.8% of the oil in L, R and S, respectively. They are composed mainly of terpinen‐4‐ol (17.3%, 20.2% and 16.0%) and 1,8‐cineole (14.4%, 15.9% and 11.5%) in L, R and S, respectively. The hydrocarbons constitute 52.2% (L), 40.9% (R) and 44.3% (S) of the oil, and comprise mainly sabinene 10.1% (L), 9.8% (R) and 7.5% (S) and γ‐terpinene 11.1% (L), 9.3% (R) and 8.2% (S). The essential oils of the three organs exhibited significant antimicrobial activity against certain Gram‐positive and Gram‐negative bacteria as well as Candida albicans.
The essential oils of Australian Austromyrtus sens. lat. Part 1. The A. dulcis group
Authors: Brophy Joseph J. , Goldsack Robert J. , Fookes Christopher J. R. , Forster Paul I.
Published: November 2006

Isobaeckeol (6‐hydroxy‐2,4‐dimethoxy‐3‐methylisobutyrophenone) accounted for over 80% of the leaf essential oil of one chemotype of Austromyrtus dulcis (C. T. White) L. S. Smith, the oil of which was obtained in 0.9‐1.2% yield based on fresh weight of leaves. A second chemotype of A. dulcis contained an entirely terpenoid essential oil with β‐pinene (34‐45%) and 1,8‐cineole (24‐35%) being the major components. The essential oil of this second chemotype was obtained in 0.3‐0.6% yield. The essential oil of A. tenuifolia (Sm.) Burret., obtained in 1.8‐3.0% yield contains isobaeckeol (97‐98%) as its principal component with the remainder of the oil being composed of terpenes, mainly sesquiterpenes. The oil of A. tenuifolia was qualitatively similar to one chemotype of A. dulcis.
Comparative study of the antifungal activity of essential oils from aromatic plants growing wild in the central region of Argentina
Authors: Zygadlo J. A. , Grow N. R.
Published: November 2006

The essential oils of Salvia gilliessi Benth., Satureja parvifolia (Phil.) Epl., Lippia polystachya Gris. and Lippia junelliana (Mold.) Tronc. which were produced from plants collected in the central region of Argentina, were analysed by GC. The oil of S. gilliessi was found to be rich in hydrocarbons (>68%). The most abundant compounds in S. parvifolia oil were alcohols and oxides (>77%), while the oils of the L. polystachya and L. junelliana contained ketones (>56%) as major components.

The effect of S. gilliessi, S. parvifolia, L. polystachya and L. junelliana oils on spore germination and mycelial growth of three phytopathogenic fungi Alternaria solani (Ell. et Mart.), Sclerotium cepivorum Berk. and Colletotrichum coccodes (Wallr.) Hughes were studied. The essential oils exhibited mycelial inhibition at .a concentration of 1%. The three fungi were identical in their sensitivity towards the four oils.
Cyclodextrin derivatives in GC separation of enantiomers of essential oil, aroma and flavour compounds
Authors: Bicchi Carlo , Manzin Valeria , D'Amato Angela , Rubiolo Patrizia
Published: November 2006

This article reviews papers published over the period 1989‐94 concerning applications of cyclodextrin derivatives (CDDs) to the separation of volatile racemates in the essential oil, extract, flavour and aroma fields by CGC techniques. For each application, the racemate separated, the CDD used for the separation and the matrix analysed are reported. The applications are grouped by the analytical technique employed: capillary gas chromatography and capillary gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry (CGC and CGC‐MS); multidimensional gas chromatography (MDGC); capillary gas chromatography‐isotope ratio‐mass spectrometry (CGC‐IRMS); liquid chromatography‐capillary gas chromatography (HPLC‐CGC).
Agarwood oil (Aquilaria agallocha Roxb.). Its composition and eight new valencane‐, eremophilane‐ and vetispirane‐ derivatives
Authors: Näf R. , Velluz A. , Brauchli R. , Thommen W.
Published: November 2006

The profile of the total extract of agarwood oil (Aquilaria agallocha Roxb.) is discussed and eight new sesquiter‐penoids are presented: two with the eremophilane‐skeleton (rel‐(2R,8S,8aR)‐2‐(1,2,3,5,6,7,8,8a‐octahydro‐8,8a‐dimethy1‐2‐naphthyl)‐prop‐2‐en‐1‐ol (1, eremophila‐9,11(13)‐dien‐12‐ol) and rel‐(3R,7R,9R,10S)‐9,10‐dimethyl‐6‐methylene‐4‐oxatricyclo[7.4.0.03,7]tridec‐1‐ene (2, 8,12‐epoxy‐eremophila‐9,11(13)‐diene)), one with the valencane‐skeleton (rel‐(2R,8S,8aR)‐2‐(1,2,6,7,8,8a‐hexahyro‐8,8a‐dimethyl‐2‐naphthyl)‐propan‐2‐ol (3, valenca‐1(10),8‐dien‐11‐ol)) and four with the vetispirane‐skeleton (rel‐(5R,10R)‐(2‐isopropylidene‐10‐methyl‐spiro[4,5]dec‐6‐ene‐6‐carbaldehyde (4, vetispira‐2(11),6‐dien‐14‐al), rel‐(5R,7R,10R)‐2‐isopropylidene‐10‐methyl‐6‐rnethylene‐spiro[4.5]decan‐7‐01 (5, vetispira‐2(11),6(14)‐dien‐7‐01), rel‐(1R,2R)‐9‐isopropyl‐2‐rnethyl‐8‐oxatricyclo[7.2.1.01,6]dodec‐5‐ene (6, 2,14‐epoxy‐vetispir‐6‐ene) and rel‐(1R,2R)‐(9‐isopropyl‐2‐methyl‐8‐oxatricyclo[7.2.1.01,6]dodeca‐4,6‐diene (7, 2,14‐epoxy‐vetispira‐6(14),7‐diene)). 2‐(1,2,3,5,6,7,8,8a‐octahydro‐8,8a‐dimethyl‐2‐naphthyl)‐propanal (8, valenc‐ or eremophil‐9‐en‐12‐al) is tentatively identified.
Enantiomeric composition of sesquiterpene hydrocarbons of the essential oil of Cedrela odorata L
Authors: Hardt Ingo H. , Rieck Angela , Fricke Chriitiane , Konigt Wilfried A.
Published: November 2006

A combination of capillary columns with conventional and chiral stationary phases in a double‐oven gas chromato‐graph (two‐dimensional gas chromatography) was employed to investigate the enantiomeric composition of several sesquiterpene hydrocarbons in the essential oil of Cedrela odorata L. Enantiomeric mixtures of sesquiterpene hydrocarbons were prepared as references by isolation of individual enantiomers of opposite configuration from higher plants and liverworts (Hepaticae). Enantioselective gas chromatography using heptakis(2,6‐di‐O‐methyl‐3‐O‐pentyl)‐β‐cyclodextrin as a chiral stationary phase led to the classification of the sesquiterpene hydrocarbons of Cedrela odorata in four groups. The first group included sesquiterpene hydrocarbons with high enantiomeric purity, the second group those with low enantiomeric purity, the third group compounds enriched with the unusual enantiomer, and the fourth group optically inactive (achiral and racemic) compounds.
The absolute from flowers of Jasminum auriculatum Vahl from India
Authors: Joulain Daniel , Laurent Raymond
Published: November 2006

The absolute prepared from an Indian commercial concrete from flowers of Jasminum auriculatum Vahl was examined. Column and molecular distillations, column chromatography and chemical function separations were carried out. GC‐MS and GC‐FTIR of numerous fractions thus obtained allowed the identification of 198 compounds. Among them, methyl, ethyl, (Z)‐hex‐3‐enyl, benzyl, 2‐phenylethyl and (E,E)‐farnesyl esters were found, in addition to phenols and nitrogen compounds.
Comprative headspace anaysis of living and fresh cut lime tree flowers (Tiliae flores)
Authors: Buchbauer G. , Remberg B. , Jirovetz L. , Nikiforov A.
Published: November 2006

The headspace constituents of lving flowers (five hours trapping time) of the lime tree, Tilia cordata Mill. Or T platyphyllos Scop., Tiliace, as well as of cut flowers of the same tree (four hours trapping) were investigated using GC, GC‐Ms and A GC‐sniffing technique. The main components of the headspace samples of the living flowers (concentration higher than 3%), were limonene (22.2%), p‐cymene (21.7%), Δ3careen (15.3%), germaceren‐D (8.7%), β‐phellandrene (3.6%) an farnesol (3.6%), Δ3careen (5.2%), Δ‐p‐dimethylstren (4.2%), sabiene (3.2%) and γ‐cadiene (3.1%) dominated the sample of the cut floers (closed‐loop stripping technique). Additional information on the odour impression of both samples is given.
Investigation of the essential oil of cinnamon leaf grown at Bangalore and Hyderabad
Authors: Mallavarapu Gopal R. , Ramesh S. , Chandrasekhara R. S. , Rajeswara Rao B. R. , Kaul P. N. , Bhattacharya A. K.
Published: November 2006

The essential oil of cinnamon leaf (Cinnamomum zeylanicum Blume) grown at Bangalore and Hyderabad has been analysed by capillary GC and GC‐MS. Besides the main constituent, eugenol (81.4‐84.5%), 47 other constituents, including those present in trace amounts, have been identified in the oil samples from the two locations. The two samples differed with respect to the relative amounts of linalol, (E)‐cinnamaldehyde, (E)‐cinnamyl acetate, β‐caryophyllene and benzyl benzoate. Also the oil content of the Hyderabad material was found to be higher than that of the Bangalore material.
Kinetics of isothermal and microwave extraction of essential oil constituents of peppermint leaves into several solvent systems
Authors: Spiro Michael , Soon Chen Sau
Published: November 2006

The rates and extents of extraction have been measured for three major constituents of peppermint oil, namely 1,8‐cineole, menthone and menthol, using the leaves of the black mint (Mentha × piperita L.). The solvents used were hexane, ethanol and mixtures of composition 90 mol% ethanol + 10mol% hexane and 90mol% hexane + 10mol% ethanol. The extractions were carried out isothermally at 25, 35 and 45°C as well as in an electrically and mechanically modified domestic microwave oven where the temperature increase varied from c. 10 to 30°C. The rates of both isothermal and microwave extractions were sensitive to the solvent employed and decreased in the order 90mol% hexane > 90mol% ethanol > hexane > ethanol. The rates of microwave extraction were also affected by the microwave power output and the size of the sample load. The activation energies for the extractions were in the range 30‐90kJ mol−1, again dependent on the solvent used. Scanning electron microscopy on the spent leaves provided evidence of a link between the kinetics of extraction and structural changes on the glands.
Determination of the enantiomeric composition of α‐terpineol in essential oils
Authors: Ravid Uzi , Putievsky Eli , Katzir Irena
Published: November 2006

Natural enantiomerically pure (4R) (+)‐α‐terpineol was detected, for the first time, in the essential oil of Micromeria fruticosa (L.) Druce. High enantiomeric purities of the (+)‐enantiomer (78‐88%) were detected in seven other oils. Relatively high enantiomeric purities of (4S) (−)‐α‐terpineol (80%) were detected in the oils of cinnamon and Laurus nobilis L. Lower enantiomeric purities of the (−)‐enantiomer (64‐69%) were detected in another four oils, using a permethylated β‐cyclodextrin chiral capillary GC column.
Identification of a powerful aromatic component of Vitis vinifera L. var. sauvignon wines: 4‐mercapto‐4‐methylpentan‐2‐one
Authors: Darriet Philippe , Tominaga Takatoshi , Lavigne Valérie , Boidron Jean‐Noël , Dubourdieu Denis
Published: November 2006

p‐Hydroxymercuribenzoic acid (pHMB), reacts reversibly with thiols. Using this principle, an extraction method of the thiols present in wines has been established. Injecting the extracts from Vitis vinifera L. var. Sauvignon wines on to a gas‐chromatographic column using the purge and trap technique and a flame photometric detector enabled us to discover some sulphur compounds present in wines from this cultivar. On several capillary columns of different polarities, one of the peaks possesses the same retention time as the potent odourant, 4‐mercapto‐4‐methylpentan‐2‐one, which evokes odours of box tree and cat urine. The identification of this compound in Sauvignon wines was confirmed by mass spectrometry. These results confirm previous work obtained by coupling gas chromatography and olfactometry, and show that this thiol is present in Sauvignon wines. The perception threshold of this compound in water and in wine is very low (close to 0.1 ng/1 and 3 ng/1s respectively) and despite its low concentration in Sauvignon wines, 4‐mercapto‐4‐methylpentan‐2‐one seems to play a major role in the varietal aroma of the wines from this cultivar.
Zur Bildung cancerogener Kohlenwasserstoffe bei der thermischen Behandlung von Lebensmitteln.2. Mitt. Das Rösten von Bohnenkaffee und Kaffee‐Ersatzstoffen
Authors: Fritz W.
Published: November 2006

Die Hauptmenge des 3,4‐Benzpyrens tritt neben anderen Polyaromaten vor allem in den Kaffeehäutchen und im Kaffeeteer auf; weiter werden nachgewiesen 11,12‐Benzfluoranthen, Anthanthren, 3,4‐Benzfluoranthen, Coronen und Indenopyren, und zwar auch in extrem dunkel gerösteten Bohnen. In normal gerösteten Kaffeebohnen ist der Gehalt an 3,4‐Benzpyren mit 0,3–0,5 μg/kg sehr niedrig; einige zu erwartende cancerogene Kohlenwasserstoffe wie 3,4‐Benzfluoranthen und Indenopyren entziehen sich dem Nachweis. In Malz und Gerste, den Ausgangsprodukten für Kaffee‐Ersatzstoffe, sind 0,35 bzw. 0,7 μg 3,4‐Benzpyren/kg neben anderen Polyaromaten nachweisbar. Beim Rösten von Malz in einer kohlebeheizten Röstanlage entstehen durchschnittlich 15,8 μg 3,4‐Benzpyren/kg, in einer gasbeheizten Röstanlage weisen Malzkaffee 0,9, Ersatzkaffee‐mischung 1,0 μg 3,4‐Benzpyren/kg neben anderen Polyaromaten auf.
Zur Marmorierung von Weißblech‐Konservendosen. 1. Mitt. Zum Stand der Kenntnisse
Authors: Andrae W.
Published: November 2006

Ausgehend von den bei der Sterilisation eiweißreicher Lebensmittel auftretenden Denaturierungserscheinungen und der Metallsulfid‐Bildung in Weißblechdosen wird das Problem der Marmorierung diskutiert. Gesicherte allgemein gültige Kenntnisse über die Abhängigkeit der Marmorierung vom Füllgut, Reaktionsmilieu, Dosenmaterial, Temperatur und Zeit fehlen; demzufolge beziehen sich die Maßnahmen zur Verhinderung nur auf Verfahren der Oberflächenbehandlung des Weißblechs.
Mechanismus der Wirkung von Synergisten auf die Erhöhung der Aktivität der Antioxydantien bei den Prozessen der Autoxydation von Fetten
Authors: Sedláček B. A. J.
Published: November 2006

Es werden Gleichungen zum Einfluß von Synergisten auf die Regenerierung, d. h. auf die Verlängerung der Wirkung von Antioxydantien angegeben. Für Hydroxysäuren werden folgende allgemeine Gleichungen vorgeschlagen:

Primäre Hydroxysäuren

Sekundäre Hydroxysäuren

Tertiäre Hydroxysäurenmagnified image

Die Gleichungen werden für die Synergisten Citronensäure, Weinsäure, Milchsäure und Phosphorsäure abgeleitet.
Examination of the iron, cupper and zinc contents in the daily menu of teen‐agers
Authors: Nagy L.
Published: November 2006

The Fe, Cu‐and Zn contents of the daily menu of teen‐agers were examined over two years with 124 samples taken. The samples were homogenized, subsequently dried at 104 °C finally incinerated at 480 °C. The ash was dissolved by heating with 3 N HCl. Determination of the three micro‐elements was carried out by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. It was found that the daily intake of the micro‐elements investigated is much below the value proposed by FAO/WHO, however, somewhat higher than the calculated Hungarian data. According to measurements, the average daily micro‐element intake is 10.77 ± 4.42 mg for iron; 1.23. ± 0.65 mg for copper and 9.44 ± 2.39 mg for zinc. With enumeration of iron, copper and zinc sources, dietary recommendations are given in order to increase the average values.
Influence of an inhibitor of monoaminooxidase (nialamide) on the absorption and retention of nitrogen in adult rats
Authors: Barrionuevo M. , Reche A. , Campos M. S. , Mataix J. F.
Published: November 2006

A study was made on adult rats (170 g) of the effect of nialamide (20 mg/100 g of diet), an inhibitor of monoaminooxidase, administered for 15 or 30 days (short or long‐term, respectively), with food intake controlled (pair fed), on the absorption and retention of nitrogen, and on the nitrogen content in the liver, the gastronemio and longissimus dorsi muscles and in the small intestine. Nialamide administered for a time which can be considered prolonged (30 days) negatively affects absorption of alimentary protein, while metabolic utilization is reduced when the drug is administered both in the short and the long term. Proteic catabolism is less marked in male rats, due to the hormonal anabolizant situation in this sex. Nitrogen content under the effect of nialamide showed no significant variation in the gastronemio muscle or in the small intestine. There is a clear reduction in the longissimus dorsi muscle and an increase in the liver of those animals of both sexes treated with the drug, with the exception of male rats given nialamide in the long term.
Proteolytic activity of lactic acid bacteria in skim milk with special reference to the biodegradation of casein fractions
Authors: Hegazi Fakhreya Z.
Published: November 2006

Streptococci and lactobacilli were assayed for their proteolytic activity in pasteurised (95 °C for 30 min) fresh Friesian cows' skim milk incubated at 30 °C for 48 h. Lactobacilli were more proteolytic than the streptococci except S. faecalis subsp. liquefaciens. S. faecalis and S. thermophilus followed S. lactis subsp. diacetylactis in the proteolytic activity. Electrophoretic analysis of the precipitated casein revealed K‐, pre‐β‐and the small slow band of αs1‐casein to be the most fractions and β‐casein the least fraction susceptable to the biodegradation. S. faecalis subsp. liquefaciens was the only organism able to degrade β‐casein to 3 fractions within 48 h. S. lactis with its subsp. diacetylactis was characterized by its inability to degrade γ‐casein.

Addition of 2.0 g glucose, 0.5 g yeast extract, 2.0 mmol Mg2+, 0.5 mmol Mn2+ and 0.1 mmol Fe2+/l of skim milk culture of each L. casei and L. plantarum increased acid formation but decreased proteolysis. 6% NaCl was inhibitory to both. After 60 days at 18 °C, a fraction, probably derived from β‐casein, was noticeable. The large intense band of αs1‐casein appears to be degraded gradually to only small peptides which in turn are transfered immediately into the cells. The hydrolysis of γ‐casein and β‐casein also appears to be inhibited by exogenously supplied NaCl and nutrients, respectively.
Relationship between regional hemodynamic activity and simultaneously recorded EEG‐theta associated with mental arithmetic‐induced workload
Authors: Sammer Gebhard , Blecker Carlo , Gebhardt Helge , Bischoff Matthias , Stark Rudolf , Morgen Katrin , Vaitl Dieter
Published: November 2006

Theta increases with workload and is associated with numerous processes including working memory, problem solving, encoding, or self monitoring. These processes, in turn, involve numerous structures of the brain. However, the relationship between regional brain activity and the occurrence of theta remains unclear. In the present study, simultaneous EEG‐fMRI recordings were used to investigate the functional topography of theta. EEG‐theta was enhanced by mental arithmetic‐induced workload. For the EEG‐constrained fMRI analysis, theta‐reference time‐series were extracted from the EEG, reflecting the strength of theta occurrence during the time course of the experiment. Theta occurrence was mainly associated with activation of the insular cortex, hippocampus, superior temporal areas, cingulate cortex, superior parietal, and frontal areas. Though observation of temporal and insular activation is in accord with the theory that theta specifically reflects encoding processes, the involvement of several other brain regions implies that surface‐recorded theta represents comprehensive functional brain states rather than specific processes in the brain. The results provide further evidence for the concept that emergent theta band oscillations represent dynamic functional binding of widely distributed cortical assemblies, essential for cognitive processing. This binding process may form the source of surface‐recorded EEG theta. Hum Brain Mapp, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Uncertainty and multiple objective calibration in regional water balance modelling: case study in 320 Austrian catchments
Authors: Parajka J. , Merz R. , Blöschl G.
Published: November 2006

We examine the value of additional information in multiple objective calibration in terms of model performance and parameter uncertainty. We calibrate and validate a semi‐distributed conceptual catchment model for two 11‐year periods in 320 Austrian catchments and test three approaches of parameter calibration: (a) traditional single objective calibration (SINGLE) on daily runoff; (b) multiple objective calibration (MULTI) using daily runoff and snow cover data; (c) multiple objective calibration (APRIORI) that incorporates an a priori expert guess about the parameter distribution as additional information to runoff and snow cover data. Results indicate that the MULTI approach performs slightly poorer than the SINGLE approach in terms of runoff simulations, but significantly better in terms of snow cover simulations. The APRIORI approach is essentially as good as the SINGLE approach in terms of runoff simulations but is slightly poorer than the MULTI approach in terms of snow cover simulations. An analysis of the parameter uncertainty indicates that the MULTI approach significantly decreases the uncertainty of the model parameters related to snow processes but does not decrease the uncertainty of other model parameters as compared to the SINGLE case. The APRIORI approach tends to decrease the uncertainty of all model parameters as compared to the SINGLE case. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Febrile seizures are associated with mutation of seizure‐related (SEZ) 6, a brain‐specific gene
Authors: Yu Zhi‐liang , Jiang Jiang‐ming , Wu Dan‐hong , Xie Hui‐jun , Jiang Jin‐jin , Zhou Lin , Peng Ling , Bao Guan‐shui
Published: November 2006

Genetic factors contribute significantly to the etiology of febrile seizures (FS), the most common type of seizures in childhood. However, in most patients with FS, the causative gene is unknown. The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between human brain‐specific gene SEZ‐6 and FS. Through amplification of genomic DNA by PCR and sequencing of the resulting products, we screened 75 subjects for mutations in the coding region (17 exons) of the SEZ‐6 gene. Fifteen subjects were healthy individuals and 60 subjects had FS. Patients with FS could be divided into sub‐groups based on seizure type (42 simple and 18 complex) and family history (41 had a positive family history). All patients have been followed to date to evaluate seizure recurrence and the development of epilepsy. No mutations were found in healthy controls, but 21 of the patients with FS had mutations in SEZ‐6, and the most common type of mutation was a heterozygous, cytosine insertion (frame shift mutation) at position 1435 of the cDNA. The mutation incidence was significantly higher in patients with complex FS (vs. simple FS) and in patients with a positive family history. Sixteen of 42 patients with simple FS experienced seizure recurrence during the 1–5‐year follow‐up period. Fifteen of 18 patients with complex FS also experienced a recurrence during this period. Among these patients with recurrences, five patients with simple FS and six patients with complex FS have developed epilepsy. The mutation incidence among these epileptic patients is 72.7%. The human SEZ‐6 gene is related to the occurrence and development of FS and may be a novel candidate gene for epilepsy. Screening for mutations in SEZ‐6 may be valuable in predicting FS recurrence or the development of epilepsy. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Expression, activity, and role of serine palmitoyltransferase in the rat hippocampus after kainate injury
Authors: He Xin , Guan Xue‐Li , Ong Wei‐Yi , Farooqui Akhlaq A. , Wenk Markus R.
Published: November 2006

An increase in ceramide species has been shown recently by lipidomic analysis of the rat hippocampus after kainate‐induced excitotoxic injury (Guan et al. [2006] FASEB J 20:1152–1161). In this study, we showed increased expression of serine palmitoyltransferase (SPT), the first enzyme in the ceramide biosynthetic pathway, in reactive astrocytes of the hippocampus after kainate injections. The increase in enzyme expression was paralleled by increased SPT enzyme activity in the hippocampus at 2 weeks post‐kainate injection. In vitro studies showed that treatment of hippocampal slice cultures with SPT inhibitor ISP‐1 (myriocin) or L‐cycloserine modulated increases in 16:0, 18:0, and 20:0 ceramide species, and partially reduced kainate‐induced cell death. The above findings indicate a role of SPT in ceramide increase after kainate injury, although additional effects of sphingomyelinase cannot be ruled out. They also suggest that SPT activity might contribute to neuronal injury after kainate excitotoxicity. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Asynchronic transmission in the CA3–CA1 hippocampal synapses in the neurological mutant taiep rat
Authors: Bonansco Christian , Fuenzalida Marco , Olivares Virginia , Molina Carolina , Roncagliolo Manuel
Published: November 2006

For the taiep rat, a neurological mutant with severe astrogliosis secondary to demyelination, we have described alterations in spinal cord synaptic transmission. Asynchronous responses result from phasic action potential‐derived glutamate release in this mutant. To evaluate whether this anomalous transmission is also produced in other regions of the taiep CNS and whether its nature involves a presynaptic or postsynaptic disruption, we studied the CA3–CA1 hippocampal synapses. Excitatory postsynaptic currents (EPSC) evoked by stimulation of Schaffer collaterals were recorded from CA1 pyramidal cells on picrotoxin‐treated slices. Initial fast and time‐locked EPSCs were evoked by conventional stimulation in both control and taiep neurons, showing similar latency and amplitude values unimodally distributed. In a high percentage of taiep neurons (47%), the initial EPSC was frequently followed by additional asynchronous synaptic currents (EPSCASYN) with latencies ranging from 10 to 300 msec. As with initial EPSCs, EPSCASYN were action potential dependent, sensitive to tetrodotoxin, and blocked by D‐2‐amino‐5‐phosphonovaleric acid and 6‐cyano‐7‐nitroquinoxaline‐2,3‐dione. The occurrence probability of these events decayed monoexponentially as a function of poststimulus time. The elevation of extracellular Ca2+ induced a reduction of amplitudes and a rate increase of EPSCASYN, in parallel with a reduction of paired pulse facilitation of initial EPSCs. The presynaptic fiber volley, extracellularly recorded, showed no significant differences between groups, with similar mean values of area and decay time. These findings in hippocampal circuitry suggest that, in taiep, the asynchronous evoked activity represents a rather generalized phenotype of the glutamatergic synapses and that EPSCASYN seems to be determined by presynaptic alterations. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Intracerebroventricular passive immunization with anti‐oligoAβ antibody in TgCRND8
Authors: Chauhan Neelima B.
Published: November 2006

Based on the central dogma of β‐amyloid (Aβ) as a key seeding event in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer disease (AD), immunoneutralization strategies have been actively pursued both in AD and in models of AD as a potential means for treating AD. Both active and passive immunizations targeted at fibrillar Aβ successfully remove cerebral plaque load and attenuate Aβ‐induced toxicity. Consistently with this, intracerebroventricular (ICV) passive immunization established in our laboratory using antibody against fibrillar Aβ (anti‐fAβ) reduced cerebral plaque load and reversed early synaptic deficits at pre/early plaque stage when there is an abundance of soluble dimeric/oligomeric Aβ but sparse fibrillar Aβ, indicating that anti‐fAβ‐mediated partial neutralization of toxic oligomeric Aβ species might have reduced early synaptotoxicity. In the previous investigation, we found that immunoneutralization with anti‐fAβ transiently reduced cerebral Aβ and associated toxicity. The current investigation tested whether ICV im munization using antibody to conformationally changed oligomeric Aβ (anti‐oligoAβ) will overcome the transient restorative nature of anti‐fAβ and produce persistent, long‐lasting preventive effects. Because oligomeric Aβ is strongly correlated with synaptotoxicity, we investigated whether immunoneutralization of oligomeric Aβ will reverse synaptic deficits by analyzing presynaptic molecular marker (SNAP‐25) profile within hippocampal dendritic fields, where SNAP‐25 is abundantly expressed. Results show that, in contrast to ICV anti‐fAβ antibody, ICV anti‐oligoAβ antibody significantly prevented cerebral Aβ build and almost completely restored SNAP‐25 immunoreaction up to 8 weeks postinjection in TgCRND8 brain. Results show that ICV passive immunization with anti‐oligoAβ antibody might be an improved ICV immunization strategy for preventing permanent structural damage in AD. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Micro‐Raman spectroscopic study of El Gasco pumice, western Spain
Authors: Rull F. , Martinez‐Frias J. , Rodríguez‐Losada J. A.
Published: November 2006

A micro‐Raman spectroscopic study of pumice materials from El Gasco (Sierra de Gata, Spain) has been performed for the first time. The obtained spectra allow the precise identification of the minerals, quartz, haematite, magnetite, ilmenite, rutile and anatase, in general agreement with results obtained by complementary techniques of X‐Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Electron Microprobe. Also, fayalite and ferroan ringwoodite have been identified. The presence of high‐pressure polymorphs indicates that the pumice rocks were subjected to high‐pressure conditions quite similar to those observed in shock‐induced molten and recrystallised materials, such as some meteorites and impact‐related rocks. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Anfechtbare Anschauungen in der russischen Margarineindustrie
Authors: Schroeder A.
Published: November 2006

Im Einverständnis mit der Redaktion hatte der Referent die unten angeführten Veröffentlichungen über Margarine eingehender wiedergegeben, um einen Einblick in die Ideen der russischen Fachvertreter zu geben. Die offensichtlichen Unstimmigkeiten und Widersprüche in den Aufsätzen veranlaßten jedoch die Redaktion, Herrn Dr. A. Schroeder zu bitten, sich als Margarinefachmann hierzu kritisch zu äußern.
Die Bedeutung der fettsauren Carboxylgruppe für die Industrie der Textilhilfsmittel
Authors: Lindner Kurt
Published: November 2006

Um zu vermeiden, daß die auf Seite 274–275 (1932) und 30–32 (1933) dieser Zeitschrift geführte Diskussion noch in andere Fachblätter getragen wird, konnten wir nicht umhin. Herrn Dr. Lindner nochmals Raum für seine nachstehenden Bemerkungen zur Sache zu geben. Wenn wir nun gerechterweise den übrigen an der Aussprache Beteiligten je denselben Raum zur letzten Erwiderung einräumen, glauben wir, darauf rechnen zu dürfen, daß die Auseinandersetzung in der Fachpresse dann endgültig abgeschlossen ist. Redaktion.
Ketonigwerden der Fette, Fettsäuren und Seife
Authors: Schmalfuß Hans , Werner Hans , Gehrke August
Published: November 2006

Um auch dem Leserkreis der Fettchemischen Umschau eine Uebersicht über ihre Forschungsergebnisse zu bieten, haben die Verfasser uns den nachstehenden Aufsatz zur Verfügung gestellt, der auf ihren besonderen Wunsch in unveränderter Form erscheint. Red.
Die Oelgewinnung aus Sonnenblumen und ihre volkswirtschaftliche Bedeutung für Deutschland
Authors: Riccius Kurt
Published: November 2006

Solange sich die Debatte um die Ausdehnung des Oelsaatenanbaus in Deutschland im wesentlichen um die Leinsaat, deren Oel namentlich für Nahrungszwecke nur einen beschränkten Anwendungsbereich hat, um die Sojabohne, deren Kulturen bei uns wohl bald einer Degeneration verfallen würden, und schließlich um den Raps bewegt, haben die nachstehenden Ausführungen, die uns der Geschäftsführer des Verbandes deutscher Apparatebauanstalten, e. V., Herr Dipl.‐Ing. Kurt Riccius, zur Verfügung stellt, ganz besondere praktische Bedeutung. Die Redaktion.
Trends in der Aufarbeitung von Ölsamen
Authors: Holló J.
Published: November 2006

Der Verfasser gibt in seinem Festvortrag einleitend einen Überblick über die Weltproduktion von Ölsamen, die in den letzten Jahren stark angestiegen ist. Die Produktionsdaten der wichtigsten Ölpflanzen werden angegeben. Im Anschluß daran werden die Aufarbeitungstechnologien für Ölpflanzen in der Vergangenheit und die heutigen industriellen Verfahren und Trends (optimale Betriebsgröße, spezielle Betriebe, Senkung der Betriebskosten, Qualitätsverbesserung der Produkte, Ausbildung des Personals, Arbeitsschutz) umfassend behandelt. Bei den technologischen Schritten der Aufarbeitung von Ölsamen werden die Entwicklungstendenzen des Transports, der Übernahme, Lagerung und Reinigung der Rohstoffe, der Entschalung der ölhatigen Samen, der vorbereitenden Operationen zur Ölgewinnung, Konditionierung und Pressung sowie der Extraktion von Ölsamen mit Lösungsmitteln im einzelnen aufgezeigt. Weiterhin werden die Trends in der meß‐ und regeltechnischen Ausrüstung der Anlagen ausführlich dargelegt und Energiewirtschaftsfragen bei der Aufarbeitung von Ölsamen besprochen. Abschließend werden die Möglichkeiten der Qualitätsverbesserung von Futterschrot behandelt.
Der Cholesterin‐Gehalt von Pflanzenölen
Authors: Seher A.
Published: November 2006

In Pflanzenölen kommen Sterine frei, als Fettsäureester, in glycosidischer und acylglycosidischer Bindung sowie in strukturell noch nicht eindeutig geklärten Lipoproteinen vor. Die Zusammensetzung dieser fünf Sterinquellen und deren Cholesteringehalte sind selbst innerhalb eines Öles sehr verschieden. In den vergangenen Jahren wurden weltweit Pflanzenöle auf ihren Gehalt an Cholesterin analysiert. Wegen der Anwendung unterschiedlicher Methoden sind die Ergebnisse nur schwer vergleichbar. Infolge der sehr unterschiedlichen Reaktivität der einzelnen Sterinvorkommen wurden meist auch nur die Anteile an freien und mit Fettsäuren veresterten Sterine erfaßt. Nach kritischer Auswahl der Literaturangaben sind in der vorliegenden Arbeit für die wichtigsten im Handel befindlichen Speiseöle die zu erwartenden mittleren Cholesteringehalte berechnet worden. Die Studie soll bei Fragen der Deklaration sowie bei der Bilanzierung der Cholesterinaufnahme mit der Nahrung auf einheitlicher Grundlage basierende Daten liefern.
HPLC Separation of cis‐ and trans‐Phylloquinone
Authors: Dahl G.
Published: November 2006

This work deals with the optimization of the separation between the two isomers of phylloquinone by High Performance Liquid Chromatography regarding resolution, peak separation, retention time and peak height per quantity of sample injected. As an application of the separation method the proportions of cis‐ and trans‐phylloquinone in a fat emulsion for parenteral nutrition, also containing the other fat soluble vitamins A, D2 and E, were determined.
Einlagerungen und Austausch von Linolsäure im Körperfett von Broilern bei zeitlich begrenzter Aufnahme verschiedener Öle und Fette
Authors: Prinz Gabriele , Hartfiel W.
Published: November 2006

Die Fettqualität von Broilerschlachtkörpern wird hauptsächlich durch zwei Parameter bestimmt, zum einen durch die Viskosität, bei deren Absinken es zu vermehrten Verlusten an Körperfett während des Schlachtprozesses kommt, zum anderen durch die Oxidationsstabilität, bei deren Verschlechterung der Schlachtkörper letztlich ungenießbar wird. Beide Parameter werden durch den Anteil an Polyensäuren, vor allem an Linolsäure, in pflanzlichen Ölen bestimmt. Da das Fettsäurenmuster des Körperfettes in hohem Maße von dem des Futterfettes abhängt und Broilerrationen 8–10% Fett enthalten, ist die Zusammensetzung des Zulagefettes von entscheidender Bedeutung. Ein Futterfett mit hohen Gehalten an langkettigen, gesättigten Fettsäuren bewirkt dagegen eine geringere Verwertung bei Küken in den ersten 3–5 Lebenswochen. Beide Forderungen, eine ausreichende Viskosität bzw. Oxidationsstabilität und eine gute Verwertung, führen zu der Überlegung, zunächst ein hoch ungesättigtes Pflanzenöl zu verfüttern und im weiteren Mastverlauf auf ein tierisches Fett zu wechseln. Ein enstprechender Versuch wurde mit 156 männlichen Broilern durchgeführt. Gruppe 1 erhielt durchgehend Sonnenblumenöl, Gruppe 6 Schweineschmalz, die übrigen Gruppen unterlagen, jeweils um eine Woche versetzt, einem Futterwechsel von Sonnenblumenöl auf Schweineschmalz. Bei den wöchentlichen Schlachtungen wurde Abdominalfett zur Ermittlung von Fettsäurenmuster und Jodzahl entnommen. Futteraufnahme, Gewichtszuwachs und Futterverwertung zeigten keine signifikanten Unterschiede. Der Linolsäureanteil lag am 43. Lebenstag in Gruppe 1 bei 59%, in Gruppe 6 bei 14%. In den wöchentlich umgestellten Gruppen ergaben sich folgende Werte: Gruppe 2: 31.6% (22.LT), 19.3% (28.LT), 17.8% (36.LT), 16.6% (43.LT); Gruppe 3: 35.0% (28.LT), 25.3% (36.LT), 21.1% (43.LT); Gruppe 4: 39.4% (36.LT), 28.7% (43.LT); Gruppe 5: 42.7% Linolsäure (43.LT). Nach der Umstellung auf die Ration mit Schweineschmalz verringerte sich der Linolsäureanteil im Abdominalfett deutlich. Dieser Abfall war um so geringer, je später die Futterumstellung erfolgte. Der niedrige Gehalt an Linolsäure in Gruppe 6 wurde von keiner anderen Versuchsgruppe erreicht. Die Ermittlung der Jodzahl führte zu entsprechenden Ergebnissen.
Wirksamkeit von Kalkseifendispergatoren in Stückseifen
Authors: Kurzendörfer C.‐P.
Published: November 2006

Die Wirksamkeit tensidartiger Kalkseifendispergatoren wurde mit der Streulichtmethode (Vorwärtsstreuung) an Kalkseifendispersionen bestimmt. Hiernach wird die Stabilisierung kolloidaler Kalkseifendispersionen, d. h. die Verzögerung einer Agglomeration im μm‐Bereich und einer Ausflockung von Kalkseife durch Kalkseifendispergatoren gemessen. Das Streulichtintensitäts‐Zeit‐Verhalten von Kalkseifendispersionen korreliert mit den visuellen Beurteilungsnoten der gebräuchlichen anwendungstechnischen Prüfmethode für Stückseifen. Untersucht wurde die Wirksamkeit von Kalkseifendispergatoren unterschiedlicher chemischer Konstitution und der Einfluß funktionaler Gruppen auf die Wirksamkeit.
Zusammenfassung von Versuchen über die Wirkung bestimmter Futterkomponenten auf die Stabilität der Milch und des Schweinespecks
Authors: Lyse A. , Astrup H. N.
Published: November 2006

Wenn auch Lipidoxidationen im Stoffwechsel erforderlich sind, so müssen spontan ablaufende Autoxidationen im Körper jedoch unter Kontrolle gehalten werden. In tierischen Produkten können nämlich hierdurch oxidative Schäden und gleichzeitig geschmackliche Veränderungen auftreten. Von der Stabilität oder Instabilität der Lebensmittel werden letztlich die Menschen Vor‐ und Nachteile haben. Die Wirkung des Futters auf die Milch‐ und Speckqualität ist in einer großen Anzahl von Fütterungsversuchen untersucht worden. So führt die Oxidation von Milch zu einem Oxidations‐ bzw. metallischen Geschmack. Die Oxidation von Speck ist durch das Ranzigwerden mit einer geringeren Haltbarkeit verbunden. Diese kann durch eine Beschleunigung des oxidativen Ablaufs im Labor geprüft werden. Eine Extrapolation der Befunde in Milch und Speck sollte mit Vorsicht auf die Oxidation der Zellmembran übertragen werden. Die Untersuchungen an Kühen und Schweinen haben gezeigt, daß das ungesättigte Fett des Futters die Stabilität der tierischen Produkte vermindert. Aufgenommene Antioxidantien und Vitamin E verbessern diese gegenüber Oxidationen in Milch sowie Speck. Gehärtetes Fischöl, dem Futter zugemischt, hatte eine günstige Wirkung auf die Milch‐ und Speckstabilität wie auch den Geschmack. Mineralstoffe, die an die Tiere verfüttert werden, hatten keine ausgesprochen oxidative Wirkung. Zusätze von Kupfer ergaben, daß das Fett in der Schweineleber größere Beständigkeit gegen eine Oxidation besaß. Auch änderte eine Molybdänzulage die Aktivität der Xanthinoxidase in der Milch nicht. Dieses Enzym wies eine Aktivität auf, die mit den antioxidativen Eigenschaften der Milch korreliert war.
World Oils and Fats Production from 1960 to 1990 Rapid Changes in its Composition and Global Distribution
Authors: Mielke S.
Published: November 2006

After increases of 10.4 mill.T in the sixties, 18.4 mill.T in the seventies and an estimated 21.2 mill.T during this decade, world production of the 17 major oils and fats is likely to reach 79 mill.T in 1990. The increase by 172% over the three decades has been driven by population growth and generally rising per caput requirements. During the past two decades most of the increase was in soybean oil. Helped by sharply growing meal demand, it was able to double its share of the total to 23% in 1980. The only other oils able to increase their shares to any noteworthy extent were sunflower oil in the seventies (to 9%) as well as palm oil and rapeseed oil in the eighties (to 8 and 6%, respectively). The biggest losers during the past two decades in terms of market shares were animal fats, olive oil, groundnut oil, coconut oil and the drying oils. In the current decade the increase in the market shares of palm oil and rapeseed oil is accelerating (to 14 and 9%) and that of sunflower oil is resumed (to 10%). This plus the slowing growth of meal demand is likely to make soybean oil one of the biggest losers, its share probably dropping below 20% by 1990. The biggest losses, however, are expected for animal fats. The global distribution of production, too, has been shifting rapidly – especially since 1980. The direction of the shift is mainly from Europe and North America to Asia. By 1990 the combined share of Malaysia and Indonesia is expected to rise to 14% (from 7.4% in 1980), of China to 10 (7)% and of India to 6.4 (53)%. As against this, the combined share of the US and Canada is likely to fall to 16.8 (from 21.4)%, of West Europe to 15.9(18.7)% and of the UdSSR to 7 (8.2)%.
Schaumarme, biologisch abbaubare nichtionische Tenside
Authors: Piorr R. , Höfer R. , Schlüßler H.‐J. , Schmid K.‐H.
Published: November 2006

Ethoxylate von Polyolen, Fettalkoholen sowie Aminen können durch Umsetzung mit Alkylhalogeniden in die entsprechenden Ether überführt werden (Mischether). Ähnliche Produkte werden darüber hinaus auch durch Reaktion von Ethoxylaten mit α‐Olefinepoxiden gebildet (Hydroxy‐Mischether). Mischether bzw. Hydroxy‐Mischether haben sich als gute Antischaummittel bei der Flaschenreinigung und in Polymerdispersionen erwiesen. Derartige endgruppenverschlossene, nichtionische Tenside (R‐(OCH2CH2)nR') sind gut biologisch abbaubar. Es stehen somit für den Nahrungsmittel‐ und Getränkesektor Antischaummittel zur Verfügung, die der Forderung der Rechtsverordnung (RVO) zum Waschmittelgesetz bezüglich der biologischen Abbaubarkeit von nichtionischen Tensiden entsprechen.
Quality Assessment of Edible Fish Oils by Thermal Analysis Techniques
Authors: Wesolowski M.
Published: November 2006

On the example of analysis of 54 samples of edible fish oils the usefulness of thermal analysis techniques has been estimated for the quality control of fish oils and also as a method to make possible carrying out tests which allow to evaluate the stability of these products in technological processing and during their storage. The existence of strong linear correlations has been found between the values of the temperatures for onset of thermal decomposition and those for 1, 5, 15 and 30% weight losses of fish oils as registered under a static atmosphere of air against the values of density, refraction index and of the saponification, iodine and acid numbers. The possibility of practical utilization of regression equations for the assessment of the extent of deterioration of edible fish oils is indicated.
Untersuchungen zur Probeentnahme von Futterfetten bei Anlieferung in Tankfahrzeugen
Authors: Hartfiel W.
Published: November 2006

Die Mischfutterwerken gelieferten Öle/Fette sind z. T. von recht unterschiedlicher Qualität. Als Kriterien gelten u. a. Wasser, petroläther‐unlösliche Verunreinigungen (PUV), Peroxidzahl (POZ) und Fettsäurenmuster. Um die Erfüllung der Lieferkontrakte von Seiten der Empfänger überprüfen zu können, sind Probeentnahmen bei der Anlieferung der Ware erforderlich. Jedoch gibt es hierbei Schwierigkeiten, weil das Ziehen von Mustern aus den meist großen Transportwagen arbeitstechnisch nicht ohne Gefahr ist und vor allem die Technik der Probeentnahme mit Fehlern behaftet sein kann. Um Unterlagen hierfür zu erhalten, sind einmal Proben aus Fahrzeugtanks mit einem Gerät entnommen worden, das in verschiedenen Eintauchtiefen geöffnet und nach Einlauf des Fettes wieder verschlossen werden kann. Zum anderen ist das Prinzip des Bypasses während der Übernahme der Ware anwendbar, bei dem mit Hilfe einer Schlauchpumpe kontinuierlich aus einem Nebenstrom Proben in ein Gefäß abgefüllt werden. Die Untersuchungen der so unterschiedlich genommenen Muster haben Differenzen vor allem bei den petroläther‐unlöslichen Verunreinigungen ergeben, während die Fettsäurenmuster weitgehend übereinstimmend waren.
Über den Anbau von Pilinuß conorium ovatum und die Fettsäuren‐und Triglycerid‐Zusammensetzung des Öls
Authors: Mohr E. , Wichmann G.
Published: November 2006

Es wird über den Anbau von Pilinuß conorium ovatum und die Fettsäuren‐ und Triglycerid‐Zusammensetzung des Pilinußöls berichtet. Kennzeichnend für dies Öl ist der hohe Palmitinsäuregehalt. Außerdem ist der Gehalt an den niederen Fettsäuren Capryl‐, Caprin‐, Laurin‐ und Myristinsäure außergewöhnlich bei Nußölen. Bei der Triglyceridzusammensetzung von Pilinußöl ist der niedrige Gehalt an Triolein kennzeichnend.
Gemeinschaftsarbeiten der DGF, 98. Mitteilung Deutsche Einheitsmethoden zur Untersuchung von Fetten, Fettprodukten und verwandten Stoffen, 75. Mitt: Analyse von Fettrohstoffen IX
Authors: Arens M. , Kroll Edith
Published: November 2006

Der „Gemeinschaftsausschuß für die Analytik von Fetten, Ölen, Fettprodukten, verwandten Stoffen und Rohstoffen (GA Fett)”︁ stellt die nachstehende Methode für eine schnelle Bestimmung von Öl‐ und Wassergehalt in Ölsaaten vor und bittet alle Kollegen, diese einer kritischen Durchsicht zu unterziehen. Anmerkungen werden von den Berichterstattern gern entgegengenommen. Eine Methode für Schrote, die nach demselben Prinzip arbeitet, soll im nächsten Heft von „Fett Wissenschaft Technologie ‐ Fat Science Technology”︁ veröffentlicht werden.