bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
COVID-19, food insecurity, and diet-related diseases: Can syndemic theory inform effective responses? A case study
Authors: Moon J. Robin , Willingham Craig , Gjevukaj Shqipe , Freudenberg Nicholas
Published: September 2021

New York City was hit hard by the COVID-19 pandemic. Although the immediate health burden was devastating, we posit that its long-term impact will be even greater, because the rapid spread of COVID-19 both depended on and exacerbated other deep-seated inequities related to food and broader living conditions. Using the Bronx as a case study, we explore the intersection of the pandemic with two other persistent problems: food insecurity and diet-related diseases, a constellation we label the COVID-Food Syndemic. Syndemic theory focuses on the common causes and biological and social interactions between two or more health problems. We hypothesize that with its focus on the common social causes of ill health, this approach can inform and strengthen the synergies between community-based, activist-driven solutions and municipal government responses, thus reducing the burden of ill health in the Bronx. We suggest that combining these two approaches can more fully mobilize the social changes that are needed in the food system and beyond to interrupt the fundamental drivers of this syndemic and capitalize on the respective strengths of government, civil society, and activists.
Re-energizing Japan's teikei movement: Understanding intergenerational transitions of diverse economies
Authors: Kondo Chika
Published: September 2021

In the 1960s-70s, Japan’s teikei movement, also referred to as Japanese community supported agriculture (CSA), emerged as a response to a period marred with multiple food scandals and environmental injustices and resulted in direct partnerships between consumers and organic farmers. Although this movement peaked in the 1990s just as the concept of alternative food networks (AFNs) gained popularity in western countries, little is known about what has happened to teikei today. This paper analyzes how teikei exemplifies diverse economies and explores how the possibilities of noncapitalist economic practice currently exist compared to the founding movement principles. Through case studies of two teikei groups in the Kansai region of Japan that transitioned their leadership to younger generations, I assess how changes made by current generations allow teikei to adapt to challenges that have long plagued the movement, such as the decline of volunteer labor provided by housewives. Drawing on a diverse economies approach, I argue that, despite current members’ detachment from strong activist identities, they sustain their organizations through part-time work, community building, and institutionalizing volunteer labor. The successes and struggles of current teikei groups provide insight into how AFNs seeking to build alternative economies can overcome difficulties that emerge from actualizing diverse economies.
Ocular Inserts – A Potential Ocular Controlled Drug Delivery Systems
Authors: Patel Jayendrakumar , Bhavsar Bhavesh , Parikh Shalin , Patel Shwetaben
Published: September 2021

Ophthalmic drug delivery is one of the most exciting and difficult areas of research for pharmaceutical scientists. The eye's anatomy, physiology, and biochemistry render it impenetrable to outside chemicals. The capacity to maintain a therapeutic level of the drug at the site of action for an extended period of time is a significant hurdle in ocular therapy. The ocular insert represents a substantial development in the treatment of eye illness by extending the duration of the therapeutic level of the medicine at the site of action. They are constructed of a polymeric matrix that may or may not contain a pharmaceutical agent. The medicine can then be introduced into the polymeric support as a dispersion or solution. They have a number of advantages, including increased ocular residence and prolonged pharmaceutical release into the eye. The insert is composed of a body component that is tailored to fit within the eyelid's lachrymal canaliculus. The inserts are classed as insoluble, soluble, or bioerodible based on their solubility. The drug is released from the insert by diffusion, osmosis, and bioerosion. This review aimed to provide a brief overview of Ocular Inserts – A Potential Ocular Controlled Drug Delivery Systems.
Legal Remedies against State Funding Decisions in Slovakia
Authors: Hulkó Gábor
Published: September 2021

Legal remedies against decisions of central state administration or special administrative bodies instead of the standardly used appeal (which is more or less identical in all Visegrad states) special types of legal remedies step in, which can be still considered as ordinary remedies. In Slovakia, the standard legal  remedy in administrative procedures is the appeal (in case of organs of central administration called remonstrance) regulated by Act no. 71/1976 on  Administrative Proceedings, however in case of special organs this regulation is often overwritten by special rules and by special legal remedies. Latter  mentioned – from a jurisprudential point of view - raising the question, whether they can really serve as a tool for a real legal remedy if they represent an  effective tool of decision supervision. The following case study introduces the standard procedure of use of such special legal remedy against a decision of the  State Fund for Housing Development in Slovakia.
Implications of the New Framework for Market Abuse in the EU
Authors: Čunderlík Ľubomír
Published: September 2021

The Market Abuse Regulation (MAR) was adopted in April 2014, and it has been uniformly regulating the issues of insider dealing and market manipulation throughout the EU since 3 July 2016. Unlike the previous legislation, deviation from the regulation’s wording will not be possible. This should exclude different applications, which have occurred in the individual EU Member States so far, when investigating unlawful behaviours marked as market abuse. The regulation introduced several substantial changes.
The Invalidity of Foreign Currency Loans in the Hungarian Judicial Practice
Authors: Király Péter Bálint
Published: September 2021

After the economic crisis, a large part of the Hungarian population could not repay the suddenly increased instalments of their foreign currency loans. In lawsuits concerning the invalidity of these foreign currency loans, the different courts interpreted the provisions of the law differently, so the Curia (the highest judicial authority of Hungary) – fulfilling its constitutional duty – considered it necessary to unify the judicial practice. For this purpose, several Uniformity Decision were adopted. In this study I will briefly summarize the content of three Uniformity Decisions, namely, Decision No. 6/2013 PJE, No. 2/2014 PJE and No. 1/2016 PJE.
Concept of Good Governance in Jurisprudence: The Russian Experience and Practice
Authors: Kireeva Elena
Published: September 2021

In the given contribution the author analyses the Russian experience in the implementation of the concept of good governance. The research highlights the issues in the sphere of public management, which have been only partially resolved in the course of the administrative reform in the Russian Federation. Using the method of comparative legal analysis and monitoring the author reviews the existing approaches to the concept of good governance in the scientific literature and explores the implementation of the principles of good governance enshrined in the EU documents in the Russian law.
Rationalization of Legally Determined Expenditure as a Condition for Strengthening Financial Accountability
Authors: Ruśkowski Eugeniusz , Zawadzka-Pąk Urszula
Published: September 2021

The main purpose of this article is to analyse the relationship between financial accountability and legally determined expenditure. According to the adopted research hypothesis, increasing the financial accountability requires taking specific actions in the field of the legally determined expenditure. As the article is theoretical, it does not present the results of the empirical research; the formal-dogmatic method was used to interpret the content of legal acts and jurisprudence of the Constitutional Tribunal, as well as the non-obstructive method to analyse the foreign and Polish literature presenting the results of both theoretical and empirical research. In the article, having presented in the introduction the methodological issues, first, the principle of common good, the financial accountability, and the legally determined expenditure will be first explained. Next, the solutions for the rationalization of the legally determined expenditure will be proposed. We conclude that their implementation should increase the financial accountability to strengthen the constitutional principle of the common good.
Tax Inspection – Unlawful Interference
Authors: Czudek Damian
Published: September 2021

This article focuses on the issue of options, respectively the scope of application of the tax authorities’ discretion in the use of available instruments to ensure the objective of tax administration, i.e. the correct identification and determination of the tax and its payment. The article is based on a case study of the decision of the Supreme Administrative Court of the Czech Republic.
The Necessity to Review Oral Pathology Curriculum: A need of time
Authors: Kashif Mehwash , Aslam Ayesha , Zareef Uzma , Iqbal Sana , Mashood Shama , Ahmed Tauseef
Published: September 2021

Aim: To assess the necessity to review the Oral pathology curriculum, based on the expert opinion of faculty members of oral pathology of Karachi. Methods: In this cross-sectional study the data was collected by non-probability sampling technique from different colleges of Karachi. Distribution of the online questionnaire regarding curriculum of oral pathology was made through Google online forms. Questionnaire was only filled by oral pathology specialists/ experts/faculty of dental colleges of different cities after taking their verbal consent. Inclusion criteria was Oral pathology faculty members from all Pakistan Medical Council affiliated colleges having undergraduate BDS program. Results: Males were 22(66.7%). Among the respondents, 40.62% were Assistant Professor, followed by Demonstrator 31.25% and Associate professor 28.12%. Among participants, approximately 13(39.4%) agreed that the PMC syllabus is non-specific. Topic selection is difficult for 12(36.4%) participants. About 21(63.6%) thought that an extensive Oral Pathology syllabus is needed. Reviews for the inclusion of general pathology topics scored 14(42.4%) disagreement. About 11(33.3%) reported having missing Oral Pathology topics in the curriculum. Majority 18(54.5%) agreed to revise the curriculum. Conclusion: It has been concluded that faculty members of oral pathology recommend a high necessity to review the Oral pathology curriculum in Pakistan. By gathering modifications within the existing program of curriculum, it can be made more intriguing and systematized for students. Keywords: Oral pathology, curriculum, cross-sectional, study
Immunoregulatory Effects of Adjuvant therapy with Statins in Rheumatoid Arthritis Population
Authors: Aziz Rao Salman , Saeed Usman , Ashraf Muhammad Imran , Rana Shazana , Sohail Asif , Arshad Muhammad
Published: September 2021

Background: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is considered by symmetrical peripheral arthritis, synovitis & joint destruction. Statins, an inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme ductase, significantly reduce coronary artery disease by helping to lower plasma low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. Experimental studies, more recently, several clinical trials have convincingly shown that statins play a vital role in Rheumatoid arthritis, primarily due to their anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties. Aim: To assess the effectiveness of statin adjunctive therapy versus standard treatment with disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) in patients with RA. Methods: In this research, patients with a diagnosis of RA among the ages of 30 and 65 years were recruited according to the "Open Rheumatoid Pathologist" inclusion criteria. Among the selected patients, two distinct patient strata were identified. Strata 1 included 40 RA patients who are currently taking DMARDs with statins; Strata 2 included 40 patients with RA who are currently receiving DMARDs; observed for 6 months; To compare the outcomes of RA in both strata, standard parameters DAS28, ESR, and CRP were estimated. Results: There were eighty subjects included in the research; this study demonstrated a significant beneficial role of additional statin drugs when administered alongside conventional DMARDs in patients with active RA. The clinical significance index of disease activity in RA was significantly (P <0.05) lower in the statin adjuvant strata (strata 1) than in the conventional DMARD treatment strata (P <0.05). Strata 2) after 6 months of Continuous treatment. Two other important biochemical markers of RA disease activity, ESR and CRP, were also significantly lower in RA patients taking statins (strata 1) (P <0.05). Compared to strata 2, which includes only RA. the patient was treated with a conventional DMARD without statins. Conclusion: The results suggest a supportive and possibly beneficial role for statin therapy in cases of active RA, leading to clinically and biochemically significant improvements. Keywords: inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme is reductase, disease activity indicator 28,
Correlation of Iron Profile with Different Stages of Chronic Kidney Disease in Children Presenting at a Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Ishaq Shahid , Imran Muhammad , Raza Hashim , Rashid Khuram , Ashraf Muhammad Imran , Mehmood Yasir
Published: September 2021

Aim: To determine correlation of iron profile in children with different stages of chronic kidney disease (CKD) presenting to tertiary care hospital. Methodology: A total of 81 children with chronic kidney disease stage having glomerular filtration rate (GFR) less than 90 (ml/min/m2) aged 1 – 14 years of either sex were included. Three ml serum sample was taken in vial by hospital duty doctor for serum ferritin level, serum iron, transferrin saturation and total iron binding capacity. The sample was sent to hospital laboratory for reporting. Iron profiling was done evaluating hemoglobin (g/dl), serum iron (ug/dl), serum ferritin (ng/ml), transferrin saturation (%) and total iron binding capacity (ug/dl) while iron load was defined as serum ferritin levels above 300 ng/ml. Correlation of iron profile with different stages of CKD was determined applying one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). Results: In a total 81 children, 46 (56.8%) were boys while overall mean age was 7.79±2.30 years. Mean duration on hemodialysis was 11.52 ± 9.97 months. Iron overload was observed in 26 (32.1%) children. Significant association of age above 7 years (p=0.031) and residential status as rural (p=0.017) was noted with iron overload whereas iron overload was increasing with increase in stages of CKD (p=0.002). Hemoglobin levels decreased significantly with increase in stages of CKD (p<0.001). Serum iron levels increased significantly with increase in the CKD stages (p=0.039). Serum ferritin levels were increasing significantly with the increase in CKD stages (p=0.031). Transferrin saturation also increased significant with increase in CKD stages (p=0.027). Conclusion: High frequency of iron overload was noted in children with CKD on maintenance hemodialysis and there was linear relationship with stages of CKD and iron overload. Significant correlation of hemoglobin, serum iron, serum ferritin and transferrin saturation was observed with different stages of CKD. Keywords: Iron overload, maintenance hemodialysis, ferritin level.
Diagnostic Accuracy of tumor marker CA 19-9 in patients with cholangiocarcinoma taking ERCP as gold standard test”
Authors: Alvi Aftab Haider , Chachar Aijaz Zeeshan Khan , Kafi Abdul , Farooq Abdul , Ali Sajjad , Ali Sajjad
Published: September 2021

Background: Majority of the cases of Cholangiocarcinoma at presentation are unresectable, it’s diagnosis at an early stage is pivotal but generally difficult due to lack of easy availaibility of confirmatory test at the moment in our country. Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is not only helpful in reaching the diagnosis Aim: To find out the diagnostic accuracy of tumour marker CA 19-9, in suspected patients of Cholangiocarcinoma taking ERCP as gold standard test Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted in general and private clinics of Department of Gastroenterology of the Fatima Memorial Hospital Lahore from, October 21, 2014 to April 20, 2015. Sampling technique used was probability purposive sampling. Results: A total of 150 suspected patients of cholangiocarcinoma were included in the study in which 61 (40.7%) were male and 89(59.3%) were female with total mean age of 56.32±14.13 years. Among the studied patients, 88(58.7%) were found positive for malignant stricture on ERCP and CBD brushing cytology. Sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of the tumour marker CA 19-9 was 53.4%, 66.1% and 58% respectively. Conclusions: CA 19-9 is a very important tumor marker in making diagnosis of cholangiocarcinoma and in our country due to lack of easy access/availability to invasive diagnostic methods like endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) and fine needle aspiration (FNA) of the tumor. It should be used as routine early diagnostic modality in suspected cases of Cholangiocarcinoma. Keywords: Cholangiocarcinoma, Cancer antigen (CA) 19-9, ERCP, biliary brushing and cytology
Frequency of Statin-Induced Myopathy in Patients with Dyslipidemia Presenting in a Tertiary Care Hospital of Lahore
Authors: Asif Mohsin , Chachar Aijaz Zeeshan Khan , Haider Miqdad , Ali Sajjad , Shamim Afaq , Tahir Muhammad Mubashar , Ali Sajjad
Published: September 2021

Background: Frequency of dyslipidemia is on continuous rise in the developing countries including Pakistan. Many studies have shown that a raised LDL-cholesterol level, non-HDL cholesterol levels and decreased HDL-cholesterol levels are related with anraised risk of cardiovascular diseases and also certain muscle related symptoms. Aim: To find the frequency of statin-induced myopathy in dyslipidemic patients presenting in a tertiary care hospital. Methods It was a cross sectional study conducted among dyslipidemic patients presented at department of medicine and endocrinology, Unit-I Fatima Memorial hospital, Lahore. Non-probability consecutive sampling technique was used to select 230 dyslipidemic patients who met the inclusion criteria. Information was recorded on predesigned questionnaire regarding statin induced myopathy and socio-demographic variables. Results: In this study, the mean age statin induced myopathy respondents was 49.9±8.6 years while it was 49.9±9.4 years among not having statin induced myopathy.Statin induced myopathy was seen in 55 (23.9%) respondents while in 175 (76.1%) there was no statin induced myopathy. Gender among peripheral neuropathy showed that males were 42 and females were 13 in number; and among non-statin induced myopathy group there were 121 males and 54 females. Most of the middle income respondents were suffering from statin induced myopathy as compared to other income groups. Conclusion: This study reports an increased prevalence of statin induced myopathy among dyslipidemic patients. Male respondents were more in number than females but both had shown insignificant relationship with statin induced myopathy. The age>45 years of the respondents showed significant statistical difference with gender. Keywords: Statin Induced Myopathy, Dyslipidemia, Lahore
Comparative Analysis of Early versus Late Enteral Feeding after Gastrointestinal Surgeries
Authors: Khan Amnah Ilyas , Masood Nazish , Ilyas Usman , Raza Zahra , Khan Jehangaiz
Published: September 2021

Background: Despite of widespread belief, clinical studies and animal experiments have suggested that initiation of early feeding after surgery has many advantages. Present study was planned for comparing outcomes of early and late enteral feeding in patients who were undergoing gastrointestinal surgeries in our settings. This would help the surgeons to select better option for earlier recovery after surgery Objective: To compare the outcome of early versus late enteral feeding in patients undergoing gastrointestinal surgeries. Design: It was a randomized controlled trial. Study Settings: The study was conducted at Department of General Surgery, PIMS Islamabad for a period of six months w.e.f 20-12-2017 to 19-06-2018. Patients and Methods: A total of two hundred (n=200) patients of both gender between age 15-70 years, who had been scheduled for elective or emergency gastrointestinal surgery were enrolled in the study. Patients were randomized early (Group A, <24 hours after surgery) and late enteral feeding (Group B, <24 hours after surgery). Outcomes were estimated in terms of infection, anastomotic leak and duration of hospital stay in both groups. Results: Mean age of the patients was 36.8±11.2. There were total 85 females and 115 males with female to male ratio of 1:1.35. Mean duration of hospital stay was 2.62 days ± 0.71 in group A and it was 6.55 days ± 0.71 2.93SD in groups B (P=0.001). Wound infection rate (8% vs 33%, P=0.001) and anastomotic leak rate (0% vs 10%, P=0.001) was also significantly lower in group A when compared with group B. Conclusion: Initiation of early enteral feeding (within 24 hours post operatively) in patients undergoing gastrointestinal surgeries has an immediate advantage of caloric intake and results in faster recovery with fewer complications. Similar results are found in the literature. We recommend early initiation (within 24 hours after surgery) of enteral feeding in patients undergoing gastrointestinal surgeries. Keywords: Anostomotic leak, early enteral nutrition (EEN), late enteral nutrition (LEN).
Comparison of Clinical Attachment Level Gain Using Scaling Root Planing Versus Adjunctive Azithromycin on Chronic Periodontitis
Authors: Rehman Attique ur , Riaz Marryam , Ansari Moeez , Sidiqui Saqib Naeem , Rana Adeel Ijaz , Athar Yousaf
Published: September 2021

Objective: The objective of the study was to compare the mean clinical attachment gain in patients of chronic periodontitis after scaling and root alone versus Azithromycin as an adjunct to scaling and root. Study Design Comparative study Place and Duration: Conducted at Operative Dentistry Department, Azra Naheed Dental College, Lahore for a duration of 4 months from December 2019 to March 2020. Methodology: Total Sixty patients fulfilling the selection criteria were randomly allocated to SRP and SRP+Az groups. In both groups, conventional scaling and root planing was done. In the SRP group placebo capsules were prescribed, while in the SRP+Az group, Azithromycin (500mg) once daily was prescribed for 3 days. Clinical attachment level (CAL) was measured initially and after 5 weeks. Data was analyzed in SPSS version 19.0 using independent sample t-test. Results: Both groups showed gain in CAL compared to baseline. However, SRP+Az group showed significantly more gain in CAL in comparison to SRP group (P value < 0.05). Conclusion: Use of Azithromycin adjunctive to SRP is an effective treatment modality in chronic periodontitis patients. Keywords: Anti‐Bacterial Agents, Azithromycin, Chronic periodontitis, Clinical attachment level, Periodontal Debridement, Scaling and root planing,
Dental Record Keeping by General Dental Practitioners in Lahore
Authors: Riaz Farhan , Sabir Saima , Abdullah Umer , Sadiq Muhammad Shairaz , Sahu Ejaz Husain , Chishty Muhammad Salman
Published: September 2021

Objective: of this study is to analyze the behavior/attitude of general dental practitioners towards record keeping and quality assessment of patient records found in different dental practices of Lahore. Study design: Cross sectional, Descriptive, Questionnaire based study (Copy of questionnaire attached). Place and Duration of Study: Data collection for this study was conducted in different private dental practices of Lahore from Oct-2017 to Dec-2017. Methods; A random sample of 60 dental practices were selected by means of stratified sampling from different towns of Lahore. Dentists were interviewed and patient records were checked for data collection which is analyzed using SPSS version 23. Results: Interview of 43 dentists and analysis of patient records from their practices revealed that 16 (37.2%) practices have no record at all and even none of the remaining 27 (62.8%) practices. Who claim to have patient records, has any properly completed record. Shows that dentists have got very casual behavior towards record keeping as most of them were not having any records and the remaining ones who claimed to have patient records, were maintaining them in a very poor form. Conclusion: Female dentists, postgraduates and dentists working in group practices and affluent areas were found to have relatively more tendency towards record keeping. Recommendation; Dentist training institutes and health implementing authorities are the main areas which need to be stressed upon for improvement of record keeping. Keywords: (MESH) Record keeping, Dental photography, Dentist, Post-graduate, Health authorities, Affluent areas.
Movement Matters; How Physical Activity Impacts Endodontic Therapy
Authors: Sadiq Muhammad Shairaz , Sana Usman , Chohan Arham Nawaz , Ahmad Fareed , Dayar Junaid , Anwaar Ali
Published: September 2021

Objective: To understand impact of physical activity on pain perception in patients presenting with acute pulpitis for endodontic therapy. Study Design: It was quantitative correlational by design. Place and duration of study: Department of Operative Dentistry, Dental Section, Islam Dental College, Sialkot. Materials & Methods: 500 patients from the Dental Section of Islam Dental College Sialkot were included in this study. The correlation of movement/walk and pain during endodontic treatment was determined. Numeric pain scale was used to document pain. Activity was measured by the number of minutes of walk of the patient. Results: There is a significant association between physical activity/exercise and pain. Statistical significance between pain and exercise was -.158. Conclusion: Pre-operative assessment of physical activity may be a predictor of pain perceived by patients. Therefore, it is important to educate and consider patient’s physical activity to manage pain during the dental treatment. Life style modification may seems insignificant but has proven positive impact in pain management. Keywords: Exercise, local anaesthesia (LA), endodontic therapy, pain.
“Psychological Resilience, Burnout and Secondary Traumatic Stress among Doctors in Covid-19 pandemic”
Authors: Khalid Zarafsheen , Gul Afsheen , Naz Farrah , Sultana Nighat
Published: September 2021

Pakistan is among the countries affected during the period of Covid-19 pandemic. A high prevalence of psychological distress was observed among the general population as well as doctors in this outbreak. Aims & Objectives: This research was conducted to study the relationship of psychological resilience, burnout and secondary traumatic stress among doctors in COVID-19 pandemic. It also identified the mediating effect of burnout between the relationship of psychological resilience and secondary traumatic stress. Patients and Method: It is a descriptive study with purposive sampling strategy and correlational research design. The sample comprised of 100 doctors from two hospitals of Lahore between September 2020 to February 2021. Participants age range was between 25-40 years. Data was collected by using the following tools, The Brief Resilience Scale (Smith et al., 2008), Secondary Traumatic Stress Scale (Bride et al., 2004), and Oldenburg Burnout Inventory (Halbesleben & Demerouti, 2005). Results: Results have signified a negative relationship of psychological resilience with secondary traumatic stress and burnout. Burnout has a significant positive relationship with secondary traumatic stress. Moreover, both subscales of burnout (i.e. disengagement and exhaustion) emerged as mediators in the relationship between one subscale of secondary traumatic stress (i.e. intrusion) and psychological resilience. Conclusion: It is concluded that psychological resilience has a significant negative relationship with burnout and secondary traumatic stress. Future researches can design emotional coping strategies and should try to promote programs that can help doctors to enhance resilience so it helps them combat their stress and burnout. Keywords: Psychological resilience, Covid-19, Secondary traumatic stress, burnout
R v Westwood (Thomas): diminished responsibility and disposals under the Mental Health Act 1983
Authors: Mennim Sean
Published: September 2021

This is a commentary on R v Westwood (Thomas), where the Court of Appeal of England and Wales held that the judge had erred in assessing Westwood’s ‘retained responsibility’ as medium to high under the Sentencing Council Guideline for manslaughter by reason of diminished responsibility. Although the sentencing judge concluded that the offending was caused by Westwood’s anger, the Court of Appeal found the psychiatric evidence clearly indicated that the most significant factor was Westwood’s mental illness and that his anger at the time of the offence was a manifestation of his mental illness. Westwood’s responsibility was low, and it was appropriate to impose both a hospital and restriction order.
PENERAPAN WATERFALL MODEL PADA PERANCANGAN SISTEM PELAYANAN DAN INFORMASI DENGAN PENDEKATAN OOAD MENGGUNAKAN UML
Authors: Yusuf Ridwan , Muharni Sita , Hasbid Riswan
Published: September 2021

Pelayanan publik merupakan tanggungjawab pemerintah dan dilaksanakan oleh instansi pemerintah, baik itu di pusat, di daerah, dan dilingkungan Badan Usaha Milik Negara. Pelayanan publik kepada masyarakat adalah salah satu tugas atau fungsi penting pemerintah dalam menyelenggarakan tugas-tugas pemerintahannya. Pelayanan publik merupakan unsur yang sangat penting dalam penyelenggaraan pemerintahan karena menyangkut aspek kehidupan yang sangat luas. Penyelenggaraan pelayanan publik merupakan upaya Negara untuk memenuhi kebutuhan dasar dan hak-hak sipil setiap warga Negara atas barang, jasa, dan pelayanan administrasi yang disediakan oleh penyelenggara pelayanan publik. Dalam Penelitian ini menggunakan metode pengembangan system Waterfall, karena memiliki proses yang urut, mulai dar analisa hingga support. Kemudian pada pendekatanya menggunakan metode OOAD dan menggunakan tools UML untuk mendesain sebuah system yang berkaitan dengan program aplikasi. OOAD merupakan cara baru dalam memikirkan suatu masalah dengan menggunakan model yang dibuat menurut konsep sekitar dunia nyata. Dasar pembuatan adalah objek yang merupakan kombinasi antara struktur data dan perilaku dalam satu entitas. Dengan ini diharapkan bidang pertanian lebih terbuka dan transparan dalam hal pengiriman proposal serta informasi dan berita, agar menimbulkan kepercayaan masyarakat kepada Dinas Ketahanan Pangan, Pertanian dan Perikanan Kota Metro.
RANCANG BANGUN MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN IMLA’ PADA MATERI PENULISAN HAMZAH BERBASIS ANDROID
Authors: Kesuma Mezan El-Khaeri , Basyori Ahmad , Alhafidz Ahmad Zaki
Published: September 2021

Dewasa ini berkembangnya teknologi dan media di dunia pendidikan sebuah keharusan. Kesulitan siswa dalam belajar dan menulis Bahasa arab (imla’) khususnya materi hamzah. Tujuannya diantaranya: (1) siswa dapat terbantu, mudah, serta termotivasi dalam kegiatan belajar; (2) media pelajaran dapat dikembangkan dan sebagai salah satu refrensinya; (3) sebagai saran dan masukan di penelitian selanjutnya bagi media pembelajaran secara umum dan bahasa arab khususnya. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah R&D dan desain media pembelajarannya menggunakan ADDIE. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah (1) rancang bangun media pembelajaran berbasis android yang dikembangkan pada pelajaran imla’ dengan materi hamzah dapat dikatakan “layak” untuk diterapkan di SMP IT Al-Farabi. (2) siswa menjadi tidak bosan dan jenuh, mudah mmahami materi, latihan menulis Imla’ pun dapat diperiksa secara langsung. Penulis berharap media pembelajaran ini dapat dikembangkan oleh penelitian selanjutnya. Sehingga dapat dibuat versi legalnya dengan materi-materi imla’ yang lebih lengkap.
Antimicrobial activity of the water-soluble ash extract from the invasive weed Parthenium hysterophorus L.
Authors: Joshi Sunil Kumar , Semwal Deepak Kumar , Kumar Ankit . , Chauhan Ashutosh
Published: September 2021

Parthenium hysterophorus L., also known as congress grass or carrot grass, is a widely distributed invasive weed which is a big challenge for sustainable agriculture. For the past several years, a number of attempts have been made to evaluate its medicinal properties. The present study aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of the water-soluble ash extract of P. hysterophorus against different bacterial and fungal pathogens. The disc diffusion method was used to measure zone of inhibition (ZOI) whereas broth microdilution method was used to evaluate minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the extract. The extract was found most effective against Staphylococcus aureus with a ZOI value of 33.5 mm at 33 mg/mL concentration when compared with ofloxacin (ZOI = 39.5 mm at 5 μg/disc). The extract was also found active against Salmonella enterica, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Escherichia coli with ZOI values of 25.5, 32.5 and 25.5 mm, respectively. The present study revealed that the ash extract of P. hysterophorus has potential to inhibit various bacterial species. However, the tested fungal pathogens like Candida albicans were found unaffected after treating with the ash extract
Current and future role of immobilized enzymes in medical field
Authors: Khan Mohammad Rafiq
Published: September 2021

Although the history of immobilized enzymes and their applications in different fields are traced back to the second half of the twentieth century, their importance in bioreactors and biosensors highlighted at the turn of the current century is under active consideration in these days for broad-spectrum applications in different medical fields. Thus, this article presents a review of the literature concerning the current and future role of the immobilized enzymes in different medical fields. As the author and his supervised research groups have also been actively involved in research on immobilized enzymes, he has also made some input with a recommendation to revise the current classification of immobilized enzymes basically into “Naturally Immobilized” and “Artificially Immobilized Enzymes”, keeping the sub-classification intact. He has also suggested the development of some medical products based on the results of his research groups.
Spatial mapping and enshrined capacity: Assessment of COVID-19 servicing Indian hospitals
Authors: Ravichandran N. , Shivangi S. , Rakesh B.
Published: September 2021

In Public health crises like COVID-19, healthcare services alone won‟t essentially cause the well-liked changes within the health status and outcome. Human resources with needed competency for managing healthcare crisis could be a challenge, and can‟t be over accentuated. A systemic approach adopted to analyze knowledge, management, and delivery of COVID-19 services in the Indian context while the concentration curve alongside regression statistical techniques was used to examine the nature of competency and skill variations among the health-functionaries. Training processes on COVID-19 aren‟t streamlined and systematic. The method of organizing a training programme depends upon the need-based mostly. This mirrored within the variability of health-functionaries reported with adverse events, infected with the coronavirus. Several COVID-19 strategies focused on healthcare-functionaries and its associated front-liners to save lots of lives and alter the lifestyles of the population. The stigmatized COVID-19 disease brutally distanced the frontline health-workers and socially distanced the sufferers' delay in reporting, with heightened morbidity and mortality. Training is just on information rather than on competencies for action. The quality training and the level of community-based health intervention flaunted not to expect health functionaries to perform expectedly. Training-competency and skills-related inequality and inequity in health exist. There‟s a necessity to sources information equitably to empower the healthcare providers to deliver service effectively.
O perfil do trabalhador e sua relação com a ocorrência de atos inseguros: o caso de maquinistas de trens de uma empresa de logística
Authors: Tavares Felipe Mattos , Hermosilla José Luís Garcia , Achcar Jorge Alberto , Da Silva Ethel
Published: September 2021

O objetivo desta pesquisa foi identificar os fatores pessoais e profissionais de ocupantes do cargo de maquinista de uma empresa de logística ferroviária, com a ocorrência de atos inseguros (violações quanto a erros no cumprimento de procedimentos operacionais). A pesquisa quantitativa descritiva envolveu 395 maquinistas e as variáveis independentes nível no cargo atual, região de atuação, estado civil, escolaridade, idade, tempo de empresa, absenteísmo, número de dependentes, número de viagens em trens, meses trabalhados e número de atos inseguros, que foram testadas em relação à quatro variáveis resposta: número de atos inseguros, taxa de atos inseguros, atos inseguros categorizados e envolvimento em acidentes (resposta binária). O tratamento estatístico (ANOVA, teste de qui-quadrado, regressão linear múltipla, regressão logística e regressão de Poisson sob um enfoque Bayesiano) utilizou os softwares Minitab® versão 2011 e OpenBugs. Os resultados revelaram correlação negativa entre as variáveis resposta número de atos inseguros e taxa de atos inseguros, e as variáveis independentes nível do cargo e número de viagens. Também foi identificada influência significativa da região de atuação na ocorrência de atos inseguros.
O emprego do moodle no estágio supervisionado à docência no curso de licenciatura em química
Authors: Santos Barbosa Marcela , Aquino de Farias Sidilene
Published: September 2021

O estágio supervisionado à docência no curso de química é de suma importância para desenvolver habilidades e competências imprescindíveis para a ação docente no pós-graduando. Nesse viés, o processo de aprendizagem de diferentes métodos podem ser melhor realizados no ambiente virtual de aprendizagem Moodle. Dessa forma, com o objetivo de corroborar com a prática docente em ambientes virtuais e com a modernização de metodologias, este artigo apresenta um relato de experiência de um Estágio Supervisionado à Docência, ocorrido durante o mestrado acadêmico no Programa de Pós-graduação em Ensino de Ciências e Matemática numa disciplina semipresencial. Os resultados evidenciam que ocorreu aprendizado na utilização do Moodle, assim como a interação e criatividade da pós-graduanda no que concerne ao desenvolvimento de métodos de ensino para mediar os discentes durante o estágio.
Scratch como recurso pedagógico para o ensino de modelos atômicos na modalidade médio-técnico: uma contribuição do construtivismo de piaget
Authors: Félix de Sousa João Batista , Dos Santos Barbosa Marcela , Antunes Tenório Lucas , Almeida Cavalcante Marisa
Published: September 2021

O estudo de atomística no primeiro ano do ensino médio é importante para o entendimento de outros conteúdos de química que serão futuramente ensinados. Nesse seguimento, quando a aprendizagem se concretizar serão desenvolvidos os processos de assimilação, acomodação e equilibração, como aborda a teoria construtivista de Jean Piaget. Dessa forma, com o objetivo de contribuir com o processo de equilibração no aprendizado de atomística, este trabalho apresenta uma proposta na qual utilizou-se como ferramenta didática o programa Scratch, durante uma oficina de atividades práticas no computador, em que os alunos tiveram que ser ativos e criativos. A oficina foi realizada com 9 alunos do 1º ano do ensino médio-técnico do curso Técnico em Desenvolvimento de Sistema, localizado no Instituto Federal do Amazonas (IFAM), Campus Presidente Figueiredo. Os resultados evidenciam que o Scratch contribuiu para o aprendizado de modelos atômicos e de programação. Este trabalho poderá ser utilizado como instrumento didático-pedagógico para aulas de ciências, sendo facilmente adaptável e atendendo aos interesses de todos os envolvidos no processo de ensino e aprendizagem.
A superação dos precedentes na teoria dos diálogos institucionais: análise do caso da Vaquejada
Authors: Da Paixão Shayane Do Socorro de Almeida , Da Silva Sandoval Alves , Pinto da Costa Rosalina Moitta
Published: September 2021

Objetiva-se discutir neste trabalho a eficácia vinculante gradual dos precedentes judiciais na perspectiva da teoria dos diálogos institucionais, tomando-se como ponto de partida a análise das principais teorias que estruturam a vinculação das decisões do Supremo Tribunal Federal a partir do Código de Processo Civil de 2015. Para tanto, mostra-se como essas teorias propõem a reestruturação do Poder Judiciário com a fixação de uma Corte Suprema capaz de proferir decisões responsáveis por garantir toda a unidade do direito e a uniformidade do ordenamento jurídico e as dificuldades de superação desses precedentes. A teoria dos diálogos é exposta como um caminho intermediário e razoável para questionar a ideia de uma unidade do direito que decorre exclusivamente das decisões do Supremo Tribunal Federal, demonstrando a importância de uma construção dialogada das decisões, assim como a possibilidade de superação dos precedentes judiciais pelo Poder Legislativo, como ocorreu no caso da Vaquejada. A interação dos poderes Legislativo e Judiciário é cada vez mais necessária em um cenário de questões sociais complexas, o que concretiza a ideia de um diálogo institucional.
Editorial
Authors: Hachem Daniel Wunder , Faria Luzardo
Published: September 2021

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Sumário Bilingue
Authors: Table of Contents Bilingual
Published: September 2021

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FORCED DEGRADATION STUDIES OF TIZANIDINE HYDROCHLORIDE AND DEVELOPMENT OF VALIDATED STABILITY-INDICATING RP-HPLC METHOD
Authors: Rathor Shahbaz , Sherje Atul ,   Dept. of Quality Assurance, SVKM’s Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai - 400 056, Maharashtra, India
Published: September 2021

Simple and precise stability indicating RP-HPLC method for the quantitative determination of tizanidinehydrochloride (TZN) in pharmaceutical dosage form was developed and validated. The separation was achieved using Atlantis C18 column (250 x 4.6 mm, 5µm) at 25 °C using a mobile phase containing 20mM KH2 PO4 (pH 3.5):methanol in the ratio of 30:70 V/V at 0.8 mL/min flow rate and 315nm detection wavelength. The retention time for TZN was 3.7 min and showed linearity in the 5-40µg/mL range with R2 >0.99. The drug was subjected to acid/ base hydrolysis, oxidative and thermal degradation to establish stability indicating method. The method was validated as per ICHQ2 (R1) guidelines. The method was accurate, precise, and specific for TZN estimation. In stress studies, the drug was found to be stable to acid/alkaline hydrolysis, oxidation, and thermal degradation conditions. Thus, the reported method can be used as a stability-indicating method for quality control and routine analysis of TZN.
ASSESSMENT OF PERMEABILITY BEHAVIOR OF BERBERINE CHLORIDE ACROSS GOAT INTESTINAL MEMBRANE IN PRESENCE OF NATURAL BIOPOTENTIATOR CURCUMIN
Authors: Narade Sarika , Pore Yogesh ,   Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Government College of Pharmacy, Karad- 415 124, Maharashtra, India,   Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Government College of Pharmacy, Ratnagiri - 415 612, Maharashtra, India
Published: September 2021

The present study investigates the influence of co-administration of different concentrations (2, 6, and 10 mg) of curcumin on goat intestinal permeability of berberine chloride (BBC) using Franz diffusion cell. Data obtained in triplicate from permeability studies were used to calculate percentage cumulative drug release (% CDR), apparent permeability (Papp), flux (J) and enhancement ratio (ER). Co-administration of 6 mg concentration of curcumin with BBC was found to be optimum to enhance the permeability of BBC up to 23.92 ± 0.78 % CDR, over control (8.49 ± 1.45 % CDR). At the optimized concentration of curcumin, permeability characteristics were improved significantly compared to control. The present study reveals the beneficial effect of co-administration of curcumin (6 mg) to promote membrane permeability of BBC which would be expected to improve its bioavailability, thereby therapeutic efficacy. The effect could be attributed to curcumin-mediated inhibition of intestinal efflux pump P-gp, acting as an absorption barrier for BBC.
EVALUATION OF DIFFERENT BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES OF LEAVES OF EHRETIA ACUMINATA R. BR.
Authors: Shukla Abha , Kaur Amanpreet , Shukla Rishi K. ,   Department of Chemistry, Kanya Gurukula Campus, Gurukula Kangri Vishwavidyalaya, Haridwar-249404, Uttarakhand, India,   Department of Chemistry, Gurukula Kangri Vishwavidyalaya, Haridwar-249404, Uttarakhand, India
Published: September 2021

Ehretia acuminata R. Br. is a plant with alternative medicinal properties, commonly found in Asian, African and North American countries. The present study was undertaken to prepare crude extracts of E. acuminata leaves with different polarity solvents (petroleum ether (PE), chloroform (CH), ethyl acetate (EA), ethanol (EOL) and aqua (AQ)) by using successive Soxhelet extraction method and assessing antidiabetic, antiinflammatory and antihemolytic activities by the spectrophotometric method and antimicrobial activity by the zone inhibition method. The highest antidiabetic activity was found in the chloroform extract (IC50 260-265 µg/mL) and the lowest was in the aqueous extract (IC50 1560-1550 µg/mL). In anti-inflammatory assay, highest potential was shown by ethyl acetate (IC50 290 µg/mL) extract and lowest in petroleum ether (IC50 750µg/mL) extract. The zone of inhibition is highest in ethanol extract (12-18mm) by different food poisoning microbes, similarly, ethyl acetate extract showed the highest potential in antihemolytic activity with IC50 90 µg/mL. Many extracts of E. acuminata leaves showed a high biological potential that could be attributed to the high amount of phytoconstituents and thus could be utilized as value added functional food.
Cost Efficiency Vis-à-Vis Revenue Efficiency Analysis of Indian Scheduled Commercial Banks in a Dynamic Environment
Authors:   Assistant Professor, University School of Financial Studies, Guru Nanak Dev University Amritsar, Bhatia Aparna , Mahendru Megha ,   Assistant Professor, Department of Commerce and Business Administration, Khalsa College, Amritsar
Published: September 2021

The paper endeavours to analyze Cost Efficiency vis-à-visRevenue Efficiency of Scheduled Commercial Banks (SCBs) as well as across ownership in India. Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) has been employed to calculate the efficiency scores of SCBs over five points of time i.e. 2000-01, 2004-05, 2008- 09, 2012-13 and 2016-17. The differences in the efficiency scores are examined by applying Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). The results of Cost and Revenue Efficiency of Indian Scheduled Commercial Banks highlight that the highest level of inefficiency subsist on the cost side as Scheduled Commercial Banks have higher Revenue Efficiency scores in comparison to Cost Efficiency scores. Cost Efficiency across ownership shows that Public Sector Banks have higher Cost Efficiency in 2000-01. Private Sector Banks are cost efficient in 2004-05 while Foreign Sector Banks show higher Cost Efficiency scores in 2008-09, 2012-13 and 2016-17. Revenue Efficiency scores shows that Public Sector Banks have higher scores as compared to Private and Foreign Sector Banks in the 2000-01 and 2004-05. Foreign Sector Banks are revenue efficient in 2008-09 and 2016-17 with Private Sector Banks taking the lead in 2012-13. The results of ANOVA reveal that there exists a statistically significant difference in Cost Efficiency and Revenue Efficiency among banks in different sectors over different points of time.