bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Penguasaan Keterampilan Dasar Mengajar Mahasiswa Program Studi Pendidikan Bahasa Arab di Universitas Negeri Jakarta
Authors: Fatwa Arifah  , Chakam Failasuf  , Erika Novianisa
Published: September 2020

This study aims to get a clear description of the basic teaching skills for students of the Arabic Language Education Study Program, Faculty of Languages and Arts, Universitas Negeri Jakarta. The research method used in this study is a mixed-method which is a combination of quantitative research methods and qualitative research methods. The research location is in one of the Universitas Negeri Jakarta classrooms and the research subjects consisted of 45 students class of 2016 in the Arabic Language Education Study Program who took Micro Teaching course. Data collection techniques using observation and documentation instruments. The percentage of the highest to lowest average scores in basic teaching skills mastered by students on the exam, small groups and individuals, with a value of 89.42% in the very good category, and skills of reinforcement obtained an average value of 85.00% with enough category. With this research, researchers gain an understanding of basic teaching skills as well as data related to teaching skills in the Arabic Language Education Study Program, Universitas Negeri Jakarta. This research also can be used as a guideline for other researchers regarding basic teaching skills.
Taṭwīr al-Wasā’il al- Ta‘līmīyah fī Dars ‘Ilm al-Balāghah bi-Istikhdām Barnāmij Lectora Inspire fī Ma‘had Darussalam Gontor, Ponorogo
Authors: Mabruroh  , Aulia Gustiana
Published: September 2020

This study aims to develop learning media for ‘ilm al-Balāghah (the science of Arabic rhetoric) using Lectora Inspire at Pondok Modern Darussalam Gontor, Ponorogo. Lectora Inspire is an electronic learning (e-learning) development application. This application is used to create online training courses, assessments, and presentations. Pondok Modern Darussalam Gontor has developed the curriculum of ‘ilm al-Balāghah, to be spesific ‘ilm al-Bayān, ‘ilm al-Ma‘ānī, and ‘ilm al-Badī‘. The students of the third semester in Kullīyat al-Mu‘allimāt al-Islāmīyah are considered from the stage in which they start learning ‘ilm al-Balāghah, especially ‘ilm al-Bayān, to encourage the language towards students in the Arabic language. The results of this study indicate that the tendency of students and their ability to learn ‘ilm al-Balāghah is lacking. This is evidenced by the low written test scores. Also, students face several problems in their learning, specifically, they feel learning difficulties and boredom. To overcome these problems, researchers decided to design learning media using the Lectora Inspire to attract interest the students for learning ‘ilm al-Balāghah.
Peramalan Tingkat Profitabilitas Bank Syariah dengan Menggunakan Model Fungsi Transfer Single Input
Authors: Adina Astasia  , Septie Wulandary  , Ahid Nur Istinah  , Istiqomatul Fajriyah Yuliati
Published: September 2020

Fungsi transfer adalah gabungan dari model Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) dan analisis regresi berganda. Teknik ini merupakan suatu teknik peramalan guna mendapatkan nilai prediksi masa depan dari suatu deret berkala output yang didasarkan pada nilai-nilai masa lalu dari deret itu sendiri dan pengaruhnya menyebar dari variabel input ke variabel output. Dalam penelitian ini, model fungsi transfer single input digunakan untuk menganalisis prediksi perkembangan Return on Assets (ROA) bank syariah dan melihat pengaruh faktor suku bunga tabungan bank umum konvensional dalam mempengaruhi ROA bank syariah di Indonesia. Sumber data yang digunakan diperoleh dari Bank Indonesia dengan series bulanan dari bulan Oktober 2014 sampai dengan bulan Desember 2018. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa suku bunga tabungan bank umum konvensional berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap ROA pada lag ketiga. Berdasarkan hasil peramalan menunjukkan bahwa model fungsi transfer single input cukup baik dalam memprediksi ROA bank syariah.
A comparison of medical student competency, attitudes and knowledge of abortion care after a structured clinical curriculum
Authors: Gardner Hallie , Zimmerman Marguerite , Flanigan Moira , Baldwin Maureen K
Published: September 2020

Background: Abortion care is a core educational objective according to the Association of Professors of Gynecology and Obstetrics (APGO), but clinical exposure is variable in medical education. The authors sought to compare professional competency, attitudes, and knowledge regarding abortion between students who attended a structured clinical experience in abortion care to those who chose a less-structured family planning clinical environment.Methods: All medical students participating in the Obstetrics & Gynecology clerkship from 2014-2015 were invited to complete a pre- and post-clerkship survey and grouped based on their attendance to a structured clinical abortion experience at Planned Parenthood (PPCW) versus an alternative Family Planning Clinic (FPC) experience. Self-assessed competency and attitudes about abortion were measured using a 100-mm visual analog scale (VAS). Authors assessed knowledge about abortion with multiple-choice questions.Results: A total of 89 students completed the surveys (PPCW: 74; FPC: 15). Students attending PPCW were more likely to observe counseling about abortion and ultrasound prior to abortion (PPCW: 67/74, 91%; FPC: 4/15, 27%, p=<0.01). More PPWC students observed a surgical abortion (91% versus 7% of FPC students). Self-assessed competency scores improved with composite mean difference in VAS for PPCW of 42.2 mm and FPC of 27.3 mm (p=0.02). Attitude scores were unchanged in those with initial VAS <80 mm. Knowledge improved overall, with greater changes among the PPCW group.Conclusions: Self-perceived competence for counseling about abortion increased significantly more for medical students who participated in a structured clinical abortion experience, compared to ad hoc clinical abortion experience, regardless whether they observed an abortion.
The dynamic antibody responses on COVID-19 patients with different severity: A retrospective research
Authors: Lu Wanrong , Wu Ping , He Liang , Meng Yifan , Wu Peng , Ding Wencheng , Liu Jia
Published: September 2020

ObjectivesWe aimed to explore the association between dynamic antibody responses and the clinical severity of COVID-19. MethodsWe collected complete follow-up data of 777 pathogen-confirmed COVID-19 patients with corresponding IgG/IgM testing results. ResultsWe found the overall positive rates of IgG and IgM in severe patients were slightly higher than those in non-severe patients. In addition, higher IgG levels were detected in severe patients compared with non-severe patients (P=0.026). Through further analysis, our results showed that the statistical difference in the IgG only significant in serum samples taken ≤14 days from disease onset (P<0.001). In 74 patients who taken detection more than three times, by analyzing the antibody expression levels at different time points, we found that the difference between IgG was more obvious than that of IgM among severe/non-severe patients. In multivariate logistic regression models, after adjusting for cofactors, the higher anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG level before 14 days from disease onset was independently associated with severe disease in COVID-19 (OR=1.310, 95%CI= 1.137-1.509).ConclusionWe observed differences in antibody responses among COVID-19 patients with different disease severity. A high IgG level in the first 14 days from disease onset might positively associate with severe disease.
Isolation of Bacterial causes of Respiratory Infections in Calves in Smallholder farms in and around Gonder Town, Ethiopia
Authors: Manaye Tefera , Asnake Pawlos Wasihun , Abraha Ashebr , Fentie Tsegaw
Published: September 2020

Background: Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is considered as the major cause of severe respiratory tract infections in calves. Pasteurellosis is a multifactorial respiratory disease, which mainly affect calves within four weeks of weaning. A cross-sectional study was conducted from October 2017 to April 2018 in and around Gondar town, Amhara Regional State, North West of Ethiopia. The aim of the study was to isolate Mannheimia and Pasteurella species from calves up to six months old, and to assess the associated risk factors with the occurrence of respiratory disease. Sex, age (< 16 weeks and > 16 weeks), body condition status (poor, medium, good), breed (local and cross breed), livelihood (mixed crop and urban), farming systems (semi intensive and intensive), herd size (small medium, and large), maternity pens (present or absent), and method of colostrum feedings (hand bucket and suckling) were the examined risk factors.Results: A total of 84 nasopharyngeal swab samples were collected from calves with any signs of illness related to pasteurellosis. The overall isolation rate of the respiratory pathogens was 64/84 (76.2%) (95% CI=65.7-84.8), with 46.4% of Mannheimia haemolytica and 28.8% Pasteurella multocida isolates. The distribution of pathogens was statistically higher (P< 0.001) in calves with respiratory problems (93.6%; 95% CI= 82.5-98.7) compared to those with no symptoms of respiratory illness (54.1%; 95% CI= 36.9-70.5). Among the examined risk factors age, sex, breed, farming system were found to be potential risk factors and significantly associated with Pasteurella infection of calves (p<0.05). The higher isolation rate of Mannheimia haemolytica indicated that it is the major cause of respiratory disease in the study area.Conclusion: The present finding revealed that pasteurellosis is one of the major diseases of calves in the study area in which M. haemolytica and P. multocida were found to be commonly involved in respiratory infections. Improved farm management including timely feeding of colostrum, appropriate hygiene of the calf house and training of farmers is recommended to prevent and control of respiratory diseases in the study area.
Efficacy of “Essential Iodine Drops” Against Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)
Authors: Köntös Zoltán
Published: September 2020

Background: Aerosolization of respiratory droplets is considered the main route of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Therefore, reducing the viral load of Severe Acute Respiratory SyndromeCoronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) shed via respiratory dropletsis potentially an ideal strategy to prevent the spread of the pandemic. The in vitro virucidal activity of intranasal Povidone-Iodine (PVP-I) has been demonstrated recently to reduce SARS-CoV-2 viral titres. This study evaluated the virucidal activity of the aqueous solution of Iodine-V (a clathrate complex formed by elemental iodine and fulvic acid) as in Essential Iodine Drops (EID) with 200 µg elemental iodine/ml content against SARS-CoV-2 to ascertain whether it is a better alternative to PVP-I. Methods: SARS-CoV-2 (USAWA1/2020 strain) virus stock was prepared by infecting Vero 76 cells (ATCC CRL-1587) until cytopathic effect (CPE). The virucidal activity of EID against SARS-CoV-2 was tested in three dilutions (1:1; 2:1 and 3:1) in triplicates by incubating at room temperature (22 ± 2°C) for either 60 or 90 seconds. The surviving viruses from each sample were quantified by a standard end-point dilution assay. Results: EID (200 µg iodine/ml) after exposure for 60 and 90 seconds was compared to controls. In both cases, the viral titre was reduced by 99% (LRV 2.0). The 1:1 dilution of EID with virus reduced SARS-CoV-2 virus from 31,623 cell culture infectious dose 50% (CCCID50) to 316 CCID50 within 90 seconds. Conclusion: Substantial reductions in LRV by Iodine-V in EID confirmed the activity of EID against SARSCoV-2 in vitro, demonstrating that Iodine-V in EID is effective at inactivating the virus in vitro and therefore suggesting its potential application intranasally to reduce SARS-CoV-2 transmission from known or suspected COVID-19 patients.
An exploratory clinical trial on the safety and efficacy of iNKT cell and PD-1+CD8+ T cell-based innovative immunotherapy in patients with lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Cheng Xiaobo , Wang Jing , Qiu Chenli , Jin Yanling , Xia Bili , Qin Ran , Hu Huiliang , Yan Jia , Zhang Xiaoyan , Xu Jianqing
Published: September 2020

Background and purposeThe antitumor activities of invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells and CD8+ T cells have been confirmed. As tumor-specific CD8+ T cells, PD-1+CD8+ T cells kill tumor cells relatively effectively and specifically. We aimed to assess the feasibility, toxicity, antitumor efficacy, and biological correlates of response in patients with advanced lung adenocarcinoma treated with iNKT cells and PD-1+CD8+ T cells for the first time. MethodsWe performed a single-arm, prospective, single-center exploratory clinical trial that is ongoing and registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03093688). We expanded autologous iNKT cells and PD-1+CD8+ T cells in vitro using our patented technology. Patients were infused with autologous iNKT cells (1×10 8 ~1×10 10 ), PD-1+CD8+ T cells (1×10 7 ~1×10 9 ) and dendritic cells (DCs) (5×10 5 ) every 3-5 weeks, which was considered 1 cycle. The study was conducted from March 1, 2017. The primary endpoint were safety and objective tumor response. ResultsAn analysis of the completed first stage is reported here. A total of 3 consecutive patients were enrolled and received autologous iNKT cell and PD-1+CD8+ T cell-based immunotherapy (≥4 cycles). The first patient received 16 cycles. Computed tomography (CT) examination revealed a stable disease (SD) response after 4 cycles and a progressive disease (PD) response after 11 cycles. The overall survival (OS) time was 20 months. The second patient received 10 cycles. CT examinaton revealed an SD response after 4 cycles and a PD response after 9 cycles. The OS time was 10 months. The third patient received 6 cycles. CT examination revealed an SD response. The OS time was 5.5 months. The patients suffered from only fever, chills, soreness, headache, dizziness, fatigue, sweating, a sick feeling, nausea, vomiting and shortness of breath and received symptomatic treatment. ConclusionsiNKT cell and PD-1+CD8+ T cell-based immunotherapy showed a manageable tolerability proﬁle and effective antitumor activity and was selected as a prospective antitumor therapy.Trial registrationThe protocol had retrospectively registered at clinical trial.gov, Unique identifer: NCT03093688, date of registration: March 01, 2017;https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03093688?term=NCT03093688&rank=1
Clinical and Prognostic Role of Vasohibin-1 Expression in Solid Tumors
Authors: Tian Ye , Miao Chenkui , Ren Xiaohan , Xu Aiming , Zhu Shenhao , Gu Qi , Hou Chao , Qin Chao , Wang Zengjun
Published: September 2020

BackgroundThe role of Vasohibin-1 (VASH1) expression in solid tumors remains controversial. We thus performed this meta-analysis to elucidate the associations between VASH1 expression and the prognosis of solid tumors.MethodsWe searched relevant literature in PubMed, Web of Science and EMBASE. The hazard ratio (HR) or odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were measured by fixed-effects or random-effects models. Publication bias was assessed using funnel plots and Egger's regression test.ResultsThe results showed that VASH1 expression exhibited a significantly decreased overall survival (OS) time (HR = 1.85; 95% Cl = 1.27-2.69) and disease-free survival (DFS) (HR = 1.80; 95% Cl = 1.41-2.29) time. Meanwhile, VASH1 expression was found significantly associated with TNM stage (OR = 1.96; 95% CI = 1.57-2.46), tumor stage (OR = 2.35; 95% CI = 1.88-2.93), lymph node metastasis (OR = 2.02; 95% CI = 1.37-2.98), venous invasion (OR = 1.63; 95% CI = 1.00-2.65), tumor grade (OR = 1.74; 95% CI = 1.13-2.67) and microvessel density (MVD) (OR = 4.30; 95% CI = 2.31-8.03). However, no significant association was found between the VASH1 expression and distant metastasis (OR = 1.81; 95% Cl = 0.74-1.41). ConclusionThis study demonstrated that VASH1 expression was relevant to more aggressive clinicopathological parameters and might predict inferior DFS and OS in solid tumor patients.
Identification of Key Candidate Biomarkers and Pathways in Atherosclerosis
Authors: Meng Zhijun , Gao Jia , Liang Hongping , Liu Caihong , Zhao Jianli , Wang Zixuan , Ma Xinliang , Jiao Xiangying , Cao Jimin , Wang Yajing
Published: September 2020

Background Atherosclerosis is the leading cause of cardiovascular disease worldwide for which lacks effective prevention and therapeutic strategy. Therefore, clinical indicators for early diagnosis and screening are in great need. The present study aimed to elucidate the key genetic signatures and pathways identifying the key candidate biomarker in atherosclerosis by integrative bioinformatics analysis combining with experimental assay. Methods The gene expression profiles (GSE30169, GSE6584) were achieved from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. Functional enrichment and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses were performed to examine the biological functions of identified differentially expressed genes (DEGs). A protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was mapped using Cytoscape software. Results 91 DEGs were identified, including 68 up-regulated genes and 23 down-regulated genes. Functional enrichment analysis indicated that DEGs genes were significantly enriched in ferroptosis, TNF signaling pathway, IL-17 signaling pathway. 12 nodes with the highest degrees were selected as hub genes. CCL2, CXCL1, IL6, and DUSP1 can serve as a sensitive diagnostic indicator for the early stage of atherosclerosis; CEBPB and HMOX1 can serve as a diagnostic indicator for diabetic atherosclerosis; TRIB3 is a sensitive marker indicating atherosclerosis risks in diabetic women group.Conclusions In conclusion, we have identified key candidate genes that indicate the diagnosis of patients with atherosclerosis, and these genes may serve as potential therapeutic or drug development targets for atherosclerosis.
A Proteomic and Transcriptomic Analysis Reveals That hsa_circ_0004182 Promotes the Expression of Glycerol-3-phosphate Dehydrogenase 1 Like via Targeting mir-155 in Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Jia Qiaowei , Ji Wenfeng , Zhao Chenhui , Zhou Yaqing , Hou Can , Jia Enzhi
Published: September 2020

Background: Coronary artery disease (CAD) is one of the leading causes of mortality in the world, and its early diagnosis remains a huge challenge in clinical medicine. Genetic and environmental factors both contribute to the occurrence and development of CAD. It is reported that the inhibition of mitophagy plays an important role in CAD, while the molecular mechanism is still uncertain. In our previous studies, circulating mir-155 in plasma showed a significant differential expression in CAD populations and controls. Method: In this study, we detected the expression of RNAs and proteins in human coronary artery samples with genome sequencing. Bioinformatics analysis was conducted to find the binding sites of circRNAs, mir-155 and protein coding genes.Result: 2135 protein groups, 21703 unique peptides and 1640 circRNAs were identified in the samples. 174 differential expressed proteins and 66 differential expressed circRNAs were screened according to the pathological grading and staging of the samples. GO and KEGG analysis showed that the SDEPs were significantly associated with metabolism, oxidative respiration, and mitochondrial function. Based on the gene-gene interaction and gene-protein interaction analysis, a novel ceRNA network may play a regulatory role in CAD. Conclusion: Hsa_circ_0004182 may inhibit the expression of mir-155 by acting as miRNA sponges, and repress the post-transcriptional repression of GPD1L mediated by mir-155, and promote GPD1L expression in coronary artery disease.
Risk of Proximal Femoral Nail Antirotation Implant Failure Upon Different Lateral Femoral Wall Thickness in Intertrochanteric Fracture :A Finite Element Analysis.
Authors: Zheng Liqin , Wong Duo Wai-Chi , Chen Xinming , Chen Yuanzhuang , Li Pengfei
Published: September 2020

PurposePFNA has been commonly used to treat intertrochanteric fractures, despite the risk of implant failure. The integrity of the femur could influence the risk of implant failure. This study aims to evaluate the influence of lateral femoral wall thickness on potential implant failure using a computational modeling approach. MethodsFinite element model of the hip was reconstructed from the Computed Tomography of a female patient. Five intertrochanteric fracture models at different lateral femoral wall thickness (T1 = 27.6 mm, T2 = 25.4 mm, T3 = 23.4 mm, T4 = 21.4 mm, and T5 = 19.3 mm) were created and fixed with PFNA. A critical loading condition was simulated that mimicked a high loading scenario during walking. The implant failure condition, stress and displacement of the PFNA implant and fracture femur were predicted for analysis. ResultsImplant failure of PNFA occurred at the sides of the proximal nail canal especially for the thinner wall models (T4 and T5).The maximum von Mises stress of the nail for T4 changed abruptly to 298.1 MPa. However, thinner wall decreased the displacement of the PFNA implant. There was approximately opponent trend of stress and displacement on proximal and distal fragments with decreasing thickness possibly due to the adaptation after failure.ConclusionA thinner wall increased the risk of PFNA implant failure. Our prediction showed that complete failure occurred when the thickness was 21.4 mm which was close to the value suggested to determine the stability type.
The Role of Dual-Stacked Oxide Semiconductor in High Performance Thin Film Transistors
Authors: Kim Youn Sang , Im Changik , Cho Nam-Kwang , Park Jintaek , Lee Eun Goo , Lee Sung-Eun , Na Hyun-Jae
Published: September 2020

Oxide thin film transistors (TFTs) have attracted much attention because they can be applied to flexible and large-scaled switching devices. Especially, Oxide semiconductors (OSs) have been developed as active layers of TFTs and, among them, Indium-Gallium-Zinc-Oxide (IGZO) is actively used in the OLED display field. However, IGZO TFTs are limited by low field-effect mobility, which critically affects display resolution and power consumption, despite superior off-state properties. Herein, we prevailed new working mechanisms in dual-stacked OS and, based on this, developed dual-stacked OS-based TFT with high field-effect mobility (~80 cm2/V·s), ideal threshold voltage near 0 V, high on-off current ratio (>109), and good stability at bias stress. In dual-stacked OS, induced areas are formed at interface by band-offset: band-offset-induced area (BOIA) and BOIA-induced area (BIA). They connect gate-bias-induced area (GBIA) and electrode-bias-induced area (EBIA), resulting in high current flow. Such mechanism will provide new design rules for high performance OS-based TFTs.
Copeptin combined with National Early Warning Score for predicting survival in elderly patients with acute and critical illness
Authors: Wang Fan , An Wen , Zhang Xinchao
Published: September 2020

Purpose

Copeptin, reflecting vasopressin release, as well as the National Early Warning Score (NEWS), reflecting the severity of critical illness, might qualify for survival prediction in elderly patients with acute and critical illness. This prospective observational study aimed at assessing the predictive value of copeptin combined with NEWS on the prognosis of elderly patients with acute and critical illness.
Methods

We analyzed serum copeptin levels and the NEWS at admission to the emergency department (ED) in a prospective, single-center and observational study comprising 205 elderly patients with acute and critical illness. Death within 30 days after admission to the ED was the primary end point.
Results

The serum copeptin levels and the NEWS in the non-survivor patients group were higher than those in the survivor group [30.35 (14.20, 38.91) vs 17.53 (13.01, 25.20), P = 0.001 and 9.0 (7.0–10.0) vs 7.0 (6.0–8.0), P = 0.001]. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that Copeptin, NEWS and copeptin combined with NEWS were all independent risk factors for 30-day mortality in elderly patients with acute and critical illness. Copeptin, NEWS and copeptin combined with NEWS all performed well in predicting 30-day survival, with area under the ROC curve (AUC) values of 0.766 (95%CI, 0.702–0.822), 0.797 (95%CI, 0.744–0.877) and 0.854 (95%CI, 0.798–0.899) respectively. Using the Z test to compare the areas under the above three curves, copeptin combined with NEWS showed a higher predictive value for 30-day survival (P < 0.05). As we calculated, the optimal cut-off value of copeptin and NEWS using the Youden index were 19.78 pg/ml and 8.5 points respectively. Risk stratification analysis showed that patients with both higher copeptin levels and higher NEWS had the highest risk of death.
Conclusions

Copeptin combined with NEWS have a stronger predictive power on the prognosis of elderly patients with acute and critical illness, comparing to either factor individually.
Optical Gating Electron Transport through Nonphotoresponisive Molecular Junctions
Authors: Zhao Zhikai , Guo Chengyang , Sun Feng , Ning Tingyin , Li Zongliang , Xu Bingqian , Zhao Xueyan , Ni Lifa , Wang Qingling , Kang Keehoon , Lee Takhee , Xiang Dong
Published: September 2020

The manipulation of electron transport through single-molecule junctions via light illumination is a critical step towards molecular hybrid devices. However, most kinds of molecules are nonphotoresponsive without photo absorption upon a specific light illumination. Here, a strategy for high efficiently gating electron transport through a nonphotoresponsive molecular junction with a general light source is provided by introducing nanogap plasmons and molecular design. It is found the conductance of the triphenylamine-based molecules, a nonphotoresponsive molecule with buried anchoring groups, can be enhanced by two orders of magnitude under a general light illumination, which should be the greatest enhancement in the family of nonphotoresponsive molecules. It is further revealed that the giant conductance modulation originates from the coupling of the buried anchoring groups and plasmon-excited hot electrons. This work would contribute to the understanding of the interaction mechanisms between light and bridged molecules, assisting the development of the molecule-based hybrid optoelectronic devices.
Why Residents in Southern China Live Longer Than Those in Northern China?
Authors: Wang Mengqi , huangyi yi
Published: September 2020

Background: Life span of human beings is closely related to the natural geographical environment and regional lifestyle. Since 1982, the life expectancy and longevity level in southern China is always higher than northern China, and the standardized mortality rate in northern China is always higher than southern China.
Method: By calculating the contribution of four diseases to longevity in 31 provinces of China, this study found that cardiovascular disease is the main reason for the longevity disparity between northern China and southern China. The population attribution fraction of nine major risk factors of cardiovascular disease in each province were calculated based on their exposure value and relative risk.
Results: residents live in northern China eat more sodium, less vegetable and less sea products, they are more likely to be overweight. PM2.5 in northern China is much higher than in southern China. Cold temperature causes more number of death than hot temperature because of the longer cumulative risk, all these factors lead to higher CVD mortality rate, shorter life expectancy and lower life span in northern China. Diet high in sodium is the leading cause of north-south life span differential.
Conclusions: Changing diet habits, controlling air pollution can effectively reduce the loss of health and life span in northern China.
Examining A Stepped-Care Telehealth Program for Parents of Young Children With Autism: A Proof of Concept Trial
Authors: Wainer Allison L , Arnold Zachary Enos , Leonczyk Caroline , Soorya Latha
Published: September 2020

Background Intervention during the first years of life for children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) may have the strongest impact on brain development, behavior and long-term functioning. Yet, barriers such as a shortage of trained professionals contribute to significant delays in service. The goal of this proof-of-concept study was to explore strategies that support timely and equitable deployment of ASD-specific interventions. Methods We conducted a 15-week, randomized control trial (RCT) comparing a stepped-care model (i.e. parents first used an interactive website, and then received parent coaching if warranted) of Online Reciprocal Imitation Training (RIT; a naturalistic developmental behavioral intervention) versus a waitlist control condition (WLC). To be eligible, children had to be between 18 to 60 months, meet the cutoff for ASD on the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule-2 Edition and demonstrate significant social imitation deficits. Primary outcome measures included child imitation skills (Unstructured Imitation Assessment (UIA)), parental self-efficacy (Early Intervention Parenting Self-Efficacy Scale (EIPSES)), and parent fidelity (RIT Parent Fidelity Form (RIT-PFF)) to the intervention. Secondary outcome measures included child social communication (Social Communication Checklist (SCC)) and family quality of life (Beach Center Family Quality of Life Scale (FQOL)). Results Twenty participants were randomized in a 1:1 fashion, after participant drop out, eight were in the WLC and seven were in Online RIT. Among the primary outcomes, there were significant group differences and improvements in parent fidelity (p= .000), self-efficacy (p=.029), and ratings of child social communication (p=.048) in Online RIT relative to wait-list controls. There was no significant difference of improvement in imitation ability (p=.05) or family quality of life (p=.220)Limitations There are several limitations with this study, including the small sample size, lack of enactment data, and a lack of website engagement data. The WLC design limits the strength of the conclusions that can be drawn.Conclusions Overall, the novel use of stepped-care telehealth shows strong acceptability and holds promise as an innovative delivery model.Trial Registration Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04467073. Registered 10 July 2020- Retrospectively registered, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04467073
Comprehensive Analysis Using CT Anthropometry Verifies the Association of Psoas and Masseter Muscle With Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Cho Hang Joo , Hwang Yunsup , Yang Sei-Yun , Kim Maru
Published: September 2020

Background: Psoas and masseter muscle are known markers for sarcopenia. However, superiority between them is controversial. Authors planned study to analyze them with prognosis of patients with traumatic brain injury. (TBI)Methods: Patients with TBI visiting regional trauma center between 2017 January to 2018 December were selected and their medical records were reviewed. TBI patients with abbreviated injury score (AIS) 4 or 5 were selected. Patients with AIS 4 or 5 at chest, abdomen and extremity were excluded. And Patient with hospital stay 1 or 2 days were excluded. Both muscle area were measured at their initial computed tomograpy and psoas muscle index (PMI) and masseter muscle index (MMI) were calculated by both muscle area divided by height squared. (cm2/m2) These muscular parameters along with other medical information were analyzed with mortality and Glasgow outcome scale. (GOS)Results: After exclusion process, total 179 patients were included to statistical analyses. Their mean age was 58.0 years, and there are 147 male patients. (82.1%) There were 30 patients with mortality. (16.8%) Mean GOS were 3.7 retrospectively. Parameters were analyzed with mortality which is defined as a qualitative outcome. PMA (16.9 vs. 14.4 cm2, P = 0.028) and PMI (5.9 vs. 5.1 cm2/m2, P = 0.004) showed statistical difference. PMI also showed its statistical significance as a risk factor of mortality in logistic regression analysis. (B = -0.336, P = 0.023, Odds ratio (95% confidence interval) = 0.715 (0.535 – 0.954) Also analyses was performed with GOS which is defined as a quantitative outcome. Bivariate correlation analysis showed statistical correlation between PMI and GOS. (correlation coefficient = 0.168, P = 0.003) And PMI (B = 0.184, P = 0.004, variation inflation factor 1.001) showed its significance in multiple regression analysis additionally.Conclusions: Bigger PM was associated survival and better GOS statistically and could show its superiority as a prognostic marker. Further analyses with more number of patients, more parameters and more precise setting could yield better outcome and increase understanding of relation between sarcopenia and TBI.
Carriage of Cdt-B Encoding Campylobacter spp., Salmonella Enterica, and Yersinia Entercolitica in Patients With Gastroenteritis and Irritable Bowel Syndrome
Authors: Ganji Leila , Shirazi Mohammad Hassan , Alebouyeh Masoud , Eslami Parisa , Rahbar Mohammad , Daryani Nasser Ebrahimi , Zali Mohammad Reza
Published: September 2020

Introduction: Cytolethal distending toxin (Cdt) is one of the bacterial toxins that present in a variety of Gram-negative human pathogens, such as E. coli, Salmonella spp., and Campylobacter spp. CDT composed of three subunits encoded by three adjacent genes, including cdtA, cdtB and cdtC. It is approved that cdtB had toxic activity and caused DNA damage of the host cell. Despite its presence in different bacterial species, role of Cdt in acute and chronic infections, such as gastroenteritis and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is unclear. To analyze this correlation, we studied the prevalence of cdtB among different enteropathogenic bacteria in patients with gastroenteritis and IBS compared with healthy people.Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional descriptive study, 230 stool samples were collected from patients with gastroenteritis, IBS, and healthy people. The presence of Cdt-B encoding bacteria, including Escherichia coli, Campylobacter spp., Yersinia entercolitica, Providencia alkalifacience, and Salmonella enterica was examined by polymerase chain reaction using genus specific primers. Results: Out of 230 stool samples, Cdt-B encoding Campylobacter spp. were found in 34.6% (52/150), 6.25% (5/80), and 4% (2/50) of the patients with gastroenteritis, IBS, and the control group, respectively. Carriage of Cdt-B encoding Salmonella enterica was characterized among 5.3% (8/150) of the patients with gastroenteritis and 17.5% (14/80) of the IBS patients. Although none of the patients carried cdtB of E. coli and Providencia spp., cdtB of Y. enterocolitica was detected in 1 of the patients with gastroenteritis (0.6%). Statistical analysis showed significant correlation between infection with CdtB-encoding Campylobacter spp. and IBS-D subtype. No significant correlation was found between infection with Cdt-B encoding bacteria, and other clinical and demographic data.Conclusion: Our results confirmed relatively higher frequency of Cdt-B encoding bacteria in the intestine of IBS patients and those with gastroenteritis compared with healthy individuals. Regarding the frequency of Cdt-B encoding Salmonella and Campylobacter bacteria, it was proposed that infection with these enteropathogens could be considered as a risk factor for the development or progression of IBS among the Iranian patients. Further studies are needed to establish this involvemet.
Effect of A Feedback Intervention on Antibiotic Prescription Control: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Chang Yue , Cui Zhezhe , Yang Guanghong , Zhang Xin , Tang Lei
Published: September 2020

Background The global health system is improperly using antibiotics. We aimed to examine the effectiveness of implementing a feedback intervention for the unreasonable control of antibiotic prescriptions. Methods Relevant literature published in the databases of Pubmed, Google Scholar, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), Chinese Journal Full-text (CNKI), Science Direct, Proquest and Wanfang was searched. Data were independently filtered and extracted based on the pre-designed inclusion and exclusion criteria by two reviewers. The Cochrane collaborative bias risk tool was used to evaluate the quality of the included study. RevMan 5.3 software was used for meta-analysis. Results Nine relevant randomized controlled trials were included in this study, of which 1 was written in Chinese and 8 in English. Tabulation resulted in a total of 238,196 prescriptions (103,370 in the intervention group and 134,826 in the control group) from seven countries: China, the United States, England, Spain, Norway, Germany, and France. The meta-analysis showed that the antibiotic prescription rate in the intervention group was significantly lower than that in the control group after the feedback intervention, and the difference was statistically significant (risk difference = -0.12, 95% CI = -0.16, -0.07, P <0.01). Due to the large heterogeneity of the results, subgroup analysis was performed according to the study area, whether prescription recommendations were given to doctors by peer experts, and the intervention mode. Conclusion Implementing feedback interventions in hospitals can effectively reduce antibiotic prescription rates. Adding multiple feedback interventions to educational interventions may be a more reasonable control method.Registrations: This systematic review was registered in PROSPERO, registration number: CRD42020192560.
Early Neurovascular Changes in the Retina in Preclinical Diabetic Retinopathy and Relation to Blood Glucose
Authors: Li Hui , Yu Xiaobing , Zheng Bodi , Ding Shan , Mu Zhongqing , Guo Lixin
Published: September 2020

Aim: To investigate the changes of retinal optic disc nerve fiber layer thickness and macular blood flow density in preclinical stage of diabetic retinopathy and their relationship with blood glucose. Methods: In this cross-sectional study,97 diabetic patients(total 188 eyes,144 eyes in no diabetic retinopathy group, 44 eyes in mild diabetic non-proliferative retinopathy group ) and 35 healthy people (70 eyes) were enrolled, All the subjects were divided into different group by HbA1c , and underwent ocular examination by optical coherence tomography angiography. We compare optical coherence tomography angiography parameter and retinal nerve fiber layer thickness among different glucose group.Results: The parafoveal vessel density and the temporal retinal nerve fiber layer thickness were lower (P < 0.05) in the diabetic group than in the normal group. The diabetic group showed a higher acircularity index as compared with the normal group. From the normal group to no diabetic retinopathy group and then to mild non-proliferative retinopathy group, vessel density decreased and acircularity index increased (P < 0.001). Foveal vascular density and parafoveal vessel density decreased with the increase of HbA1c. There was a negative correlation between parafoveal vessel density of the deep retinal vascular layer and FBG (P<0.01). The temporal retinal nerve fiber layer thickness decreased among different HbA1c levels groups and was positively correlated with the parafoveal vessel density in superficial retinal vascular layer(P<0.05).Conclusions: This study shows retinal microvasculopathy and neuropathy has been present during no retinopathy. The vessel density of the deep retinal vascular layer was negatively correlated with fasting blood glucose, and the temporal RNFL thickness was positively correlated with the vessel density of superficial retinal vascular layer. These indicators are helpful for endocrinologists and ophthalmologists to detect early diabetic retinal pathological lesions.
Analysis of Spatial-Temporal Distribution of Respiratory Infectious Diseases in Shandong Province, China During 2005-2014
Authors: Li Xiaomei , Chen Dongzhen , Zhang Yan , Xue Xiaojia , Li Xuewen , Zhang Shengyang , Chen Meng , Liu Xuena , Ding Guoyong
Published: September 2020

Background: Little comprehensive information on overall epidemic trend of respiratory infectious diseases is available in Shandong Province, China. This study aimed to determine the spatiotemporal distribution and epidemic characteristics of respiratory infectious diseases.Methods: Time series was firstly performed to describe the temporal distribution feature of respiratory infectious diseases during 2005-2014 in Shandong Province. GIS Natural Breaks (Jenks) was applied to divide the average annual incidence of respiratory infectious diseases into five grades. Spatial empirical Bayesian smoothed risk maps and excess risk maps were further used to investigate spatial patterns of respiratory infectious diseases. Global and local Moran’s I statistics were used to measure the spatial autocorrelation. Spatial-temporal scanning was used to detect spatiotemporal clusters and identify high-risk locations. Results: A total of 537,506 cases of respiratory infectious diseases were reported in Shandong province during 2005-2014. The morbidity of respiratory infectious diseases had obvious seasonality with high morbidity in winter and spring. Local Moran’s I analysis showed that there were 5, 23, 24, 4, 20, 8, 14, 10 and 7 high-risk counties determined for influenza A (H1N1), measles, tuberculosis, meningococcal meningitis, pertussis, scarlet fever, influenza, mumps and rubella, respectively. The spatial-temporal clustering analysis determined that the most likely cluster of influenza A (H1N1), measles, tuberculosis, meningococcal meningitis, pertussis, scarlet fever, influenza, mumps and rubella included 74, 66, 58, 56, 22, 64, 2, 75 and 56 counties, and the time frame was November 2009, March 2008, January 2007, February 2005, July 2007, December 2011, November 2009, June 2012 and May 2005, respectively.Conclusions: There were obvious spatiotemporal clusters of respiratory infectious diseases in Shandong during 2005–2014. More attention should be paid to the epidemiological and spatiotemporal characteristics of respiratory infectious diseases to establish new strategies for its control.
Controlling the Phase Content of Li2O-Al2O3-SiO2-B2O3-BaO Glass-Ceramic Bonds with CTE Close to cBN
Authors: Guo Zichen , He Feng , Li Zuhao , Yan Dongyang , Xie Junlin
Published: September 2020

Li2O-Al2O3-SiO2-B2O3-BaO glass-ceramic bonds with CTE close to cBN for vitrified cBN composites was prepared via a two-step heat treatment method. The crystalline phases were identified by XRD and the phase content was analyzed by WPF refinement. The increasing crystallization temperature would promote the precipitation of more LiAlSi3O8 phase in the glass-ceramic, which was conducive to the preparation of low CTE glass-ceramics. Besides, a crystallization temperature below 625 °C was necessary for the preparation of Li2O-Al2O3-SiO2-B2O3-BaO glass-ceramic with CTE close to cBN (3.50 × 10− 6 °C− 1), proving that the two-step heat treatment was an effective sintering process to the preparation of low CTE glass-ceramic bonds for vitrified cBN composites.
Association of Initial Symptoms or Comorbidities With Pneumonia Lesions in COVID-19 Patients: Based on Artificial Intelligence-Enabled CT Quantitation
Authors: Yuan Fangzhengyuan , Liu Chuan , Yang Jie , Tan Hu , Bian Shizhu , Gao Xubin , Zhang Jihang , Hu Mingdong , Chen Renzheng , Shen Yang , Ke Jingbin , Yang Yuanqi , He Chunyan , Cheng Ran , Huang Lan
Published: September 2020

Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients with a larger ratio of pneumonia lesions are more likely to progress to acute respiratory distress syndrome and death. This study aimed to investigate the relationship of baseline parameters with pneumonia lesions on admission, as quantified by an artificial intelligence (AI) algorithm using computed tomography (CT) images. Methods: This retrospective study quantitatively assessed lung lesions on CT using an AI algorithm in 1630 consecutive patients confirmed with COVID-19 on admission and classified the patients into none (0%), mild (>0–25%), intermediate (>25–50%), and severe (>50%) groups, according to the lesion ratio of the whole lung. A multivariate linear regression model was established to explore the relationship between the lesion ratio and laboratory parameters. The baseline parameters associated with lung lesions, including demographics, initial symptoms, and comorbidities, were determined using a multivariate ordinal regression model. Results: The 1630 patients confirmed with COVID-19 had a median whole lung lesion ratio of 4.1%, and the right lower lung lobe had the most lesions among the five lung lobes based on the evaluation of CT using AI algorithm. The whole lung lesion ratio was associated with the levels of plasma fibrinogen (r=0.280, p<0.001), plasma D-dimer (r=0.248, p<0.001), serum α-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase (r=0.363, p<0.001), serum albumin (r=-0.300, p<0.001), and peripheral blood leukocyte count (r=0.194, p<0.001). Among the four patients groups categorised by whole lung lesion ratio, the highest frequency of cough (p<0.001) and shortness of breath (p<0.001) were found in the severe group, and the highest frequency of hypertension (p<0.001), diabetes (p<0.001) and anemia (p=0.039) were observed in the intermediate group. Based on baseline ordinal regression analysis, cough (p=0.009), shortness of breath (p<0.001), hypertension (p=0.002), diabetes (p=0.005), and anemia (p=0.006) were independent risk factors for more severe lung lesions. Conclusions: Based on AI-enabled CT quantitation, patients with initial symptoms of cough/shortness of breath, or with comorbidities of hypertension, diabetes, or anemia, had a higher risk for more severe lung lesions on admission in COVID-19 patients.
Conservación de restos óseos prehispánicos en el Eje Cafetero, Colombia
Authors: Gómez Mejía Juliana , Yepes López Viviana Andrea
Published: September 2020

Existe gran complejidad alrededor de la conservación de restos óseos de origen arqueológico. Factores como la manipulación inadecuada en campo, dificultades en el traslado para el laboratorio y falta de buenas prácticas para el acondicionamiento y depósito final, son solo algunos de los agentes externos que pueden deteriorar y destruir los restos humanos, impidiendo análisis más completos del sitio arqueológico, así como el desarrollo de futuras investigaciones. Teniendo en cuenta el aumento de contextos funerarios que se han reportado en proyectos de arqueología preventiva en diversas regiones de Colombia y el papel que desempeñan los museos y las instituciones académicas que cuentan con programas de pregrado y postgrado en antropología y arqueología, este trabajo tiene como propósito discutir principios que pueden direccionar la formulación de un plan de manejo de colecciones de restos óseos humanos de origen arqueológico a partir de las experiencias del Laboratorio de Antropología Biológica de la Universidad de Caldas. Finalmente, se destaca la importancia de incorporar la discusión ética y actividades prácticas en los currículos de antropología.