bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Borneol-Shellac Nanofiber Membranes Fabricated Using a Modified Coaxial Electrospinning
Authors: Yu Deng Guang , Xu Ying , Liu Song , Wang Yu Hai , Duan Xiao , Wang Xia
Published: November 2014

A modified coaxial electrospinning process is developed for producing medicated nanofiber membranes of shellac. With pure ethanol as a sheath fluid, high quality borneol-loaded shellac nanofibers have been successfully fabricated using the modified coaxial process. Electron scanning microscopic observations demonstrated that the nanofibers had better quality than those fabricated using a single fluid electrospinning in terms of nanofiber diameters and their distributions. The former had an average diameter of 570 ± 80 nm under a sheath-to-core flow rate ratio of 0.25, whereas the later was 940 ± 230 nm. X-ray diffraction results verified that borneol existed in the shellac matrix in an amorphous state. The medicated nanofiber membranes could significantly improved the physical stability of borneol due to the favorable hydrogen bonding between the drug and the polymer matrix, as demonstrated by the weight loss experiments. The modified coaxial electrospinning process described here expands the capability of electrospinning process in generating high quality functional membranes.
The Influence of Etching Time on the Surface Morphology of Electroless Nickel Plated Acrylic Resins Microsphere
Authors: Huang Ping , Hu Jin , Wang Kai Jun , Wang Yu Tian
Published: November 2014

The metallization of polymer microsphere has attracted attention in recent years due to its wide range of technological applications. In this study, chemical etching with concentrated sulfuric acid and potassium dichromate bichrome (K2Cr2O7) was used to prepare acrylic resin microspheres’ surfaces for high polymer/metal adhesion. Meanwhile, the influence of etching time and temperature on the surface morphology of electroless nickel plated acrylic resin microsphere was investigated. The optimal etching process conditions were identified in this test as follows: etching temperature of 70°C and etching time of 60 ~ 90min. Specular reflection FTIR and scanning electron microscopy was employed to observe the morphology of the nickel plated films and the Ni/polymer interfacial structures. As the results shown, the effect of etching process conditions on the coating thickness and the surface topography of the film was obviously.
Insulating Materials for Energy Saving in Buildings
Authors: Kumar Ashok , Deoliya Rajesh , Chani P.S.
Published: November 2014

Insulation is considered one of the effective solutions to achieve energy savings in buidings. Better insulation having low thermal conductivity contributes significantly to new construction and retrofitting existing buildings. The Energy Conservation Building Code and National Building Code of India define the prescriptive and mandatory requirements for the U-factor and R-values for different climates but the way to achieve these values is left to the designers. As none of the walling and roofing assemblies in buildings fulfill the criteria for overall thermal transmittance, the study deals with determining the thermal conductivity of sustainable walling materials and prefab roofing technologies as well as insulating materials using Guarded Hot-Plate Apparatus. The MATLAB program is developed for computing the U-values and for predicting the desired retrofit insulation thicknesses to make different materials and roofing assembly combinations comply the Code requirements in different climatic regions of India. The results of the study are used for computing the performance with and without insulation using DesgnBuilder software for improving energy efficinecy of the buildings in composite climate in India.
Glass-Wool Insulation: ECBC Compliance and Green Building Aspect
Authors: Roy Biswajit
Published: November 2014

The scope of the paper is to understand the compliance of the prescriptive requirement of Energy Conservation Building Code, 2007, ECBC-2007. It also reveals information of product and application that comfortably exceed the thermal requirement while maintaining high standard of Fire-safety and acoustic values. The environmental objective is also met by the product/application and that helps to satisfy requirement of project’s Green certification.
Etching Morphology of Vitreous Silicon Dioxide in HF-Based Solution
Authors: Shao Zhu Feng , Tian Shu Zhong , Wang Hui , Xiang Zai Kui
Published: November 2014

The surface morphology of quartz glass etched in HF acid is influenced by many factors, such as the quality of polishing, types of the quartz glasses, metal ion in HF acid, etc. This paper conducted an analysis on these factors and tried to make improvements. Meanwhile, this experiment approved of the model of both destructive layer and the varying of closed micro-cracks in the process of etching. Besides, the changing law of both ditch-like and pit-like flaws was investigated in this experiment, and conclusions could be drawn as follows: at the concave curvature, the bigger the radius of curvature is, the faster the etching will be; The etching rate with protruding curvature is higher than that of concave curvature; The etching rate with concave curvature is lower than that on the plane surface.
Preparation of Porous Hydroxylapatite Using Polystyrene Microspheres as Pore Former
Authors: Gai Ying , Wang Feng , Shen Jian Xing , Yang Lan Lan
Published: November 2014

Polystyrene (PS) microspheres were prepared by dispersion polymerization method and using PS microspheres as pore former porous hydroxylapatite (HA) was prepared by Liquid phase precipitation method. The phase constituent was analyzed by X-ray diffraction(XRD) and by Fourier transform infrared(FTIR) and the microstructure was observed under scanning electron microscopy (SEM), field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The results showed that the prepared porous HA was of high purity and their pores were evenly distributed, with pore about 200nm in diameter. PS microspheres were probably the most economic and environmental pore-forming materials.
Effect of Cerium on Manganese Base Catalysts by Co-Precipitation for Low-Temperature SCR of NO with NH3
Authors: Zhang Liang Jing , Cui Su Ping , Guo Hong Xia , Ma Xiao Yu , Luo Xiao Gen
Published: November 2014

Catalysts of Mn/TiO2 and Mn-Ce /TiO2 prepared by co-precipitation method for low temperature selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of NO with NH3 were investigated in this study. The experimental results showed that co-precipitation method after improvement, the NO conversion of Mn-Ce/TiO2 catalyst increased sharply. Meanwhile, the addition of cerium has significant effects on the catalytic activity. Characterizations of catalysts were carried out by XRD, BET and H2-TPR. The characterized results indicated that co-precipitation method after improvement, in temperature windows 150 to 300 °C, showed higher NOx conversion.
A Novel Approach of Reusing Kerf Loss Wastes in Preparation of β-SiC/Si2N2O Bonded SiC Refractory
Authors: Wang Ting , Li Yong , Sun Jia Lin
Published: November 2014

A novel approach of reusing kerf loss wastes in preparation of β-SiC/Si2N2O bonded SiC refractory has been proposed. Thermodynamic analysis was conducted to prove the theoretical feasibility. β-SiC/Si2N2O bonded SiC refractory was successfully prepared at 1723K by adding kerf loss wastes replacing partial industrial SiC and Si powder on the condition of being buried with carbon. The β-SiC/Si2N2O bonded SiC refractory exhibited low porosity and excellent mechanical properties. Both Silicon powder in kerf loss wastes and industrial silicon powder formed β-SiC, Si2N2O and a small amount of SiO2. The approach proposed is beneficial for reducing the cost of preparation of SiC-based refractory as well as protecting the environment.
Calcium Carbonate Bio-Deposition Technique by Using Fine Waste Mortar Particles as Bacteria-Immobilization Medium
Authors: Li Geng Ying , Pan Zhong Yao , Yu Yu , Kuang Hui Ling , Feng Fo Xiong , Liu Dong Ming
Published: November 2014

A new immobilization technique that encapsulates B. pasteurii in the fine waste cement mortar particles (FWM) was being investigated to induce CaCO3 precipitation in reducing porosity and refining pore size of old cement mortar (OCM), where FWM particles were crushed from old cement concrete and passed through a size of 5 mm sieve. The capillary water absorption test (CWA) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were carried out to evaluate the pore-refining effect of this bio-treated methods. X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) was used to analyze the morphology and the composition of the treated OCM. The results showed that a larger quantity of calcium carbonate bio-depositions were formed and filled the pores of OCM. As a result, the capillary water absorption was decreased by 47% compared with untreated-OCM, respectively.
Identification and Assessment of Natural Sodium Bentonite
Authors: Liu Ying Zhuo , Mei Yi Fei , Liu Hai Bo , Xu Dan Hua , Peng Chao
Published: November 2014

Disordered application of bentonite in the waterproof projects has caused irreparable damage to the economic and environmental for the shortage of significant identification methods of natural sodium bentonite. Considering the complex domestic situation of bentonite using, 3 types of natural sodium bentonite and 6 types of bentonite materials in geosynthetic clay liner (GCL) in the market were studied and compared in this research to address means for identification and assessment of natural sodium bentonite. Against the potential modification of bentonite, various ways of characterization were applied in this study, including fluorescence analysis, X-ray- diffraction (XRD), and fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), as well as the tests of retention rate of swelling index, Na+, K+ and Ca2+, Mg2+ ion content measurement, pH value, DSC, anion measurement, et.al. It was found that a series of parameters and corresponding indicators, which were confirmed to discriminate the applied modification means on the bentonite, could be used for the identification and assessment of natural sodium bentonite by mutual testifying the different parameters.
Loess Based Copolymer Composite for Removing Basic Fuchsin
Authors: Wang Li , He Wen Juan , He Yu Feng , Li Hong , Wang Rong Min
Published: November 2014

Loess based copolymer (L/CoPolym), a typical silicate minerals / copolymer composite, was used as polymer adsorbent for removing basic fuchsin (BF) in wastewater. Under the optimal condition of adsorption, the removal rate of BF reached to 98.2%, and the adsorption capacity got to 565.0 mg/g. Adsorption dynamics were consistent with pseudo-second-order kinetic model and isotherm model can meet the Freundlich isotherm.
Microstructure and Properties of Al2O3-ZrO2 Ceramics Prepared by Microwave Sintering
Authors: Ai Yun Long , Xie Xiang Hua , He Wen , Liang Bing Liang , Chen Wei Hua
Published: November 2014

ZrO2 doped with 7.5% (volume percent) nanoalumina ceramics were prepared by microwave sintering processes. The effects of nanoalumina additions and various sintering temperature on densification, phase composition, microstructure and mechanical properties of Al2O3-ZrO2 ceramics were investigated. The results show that the m-ZrO2 phase transformed into t-ZrO2 during the process of microwave sintering. Relative densities between 95% and 99% were attained in the different conditions. In any cases the grain size was maintained at a submicron scale at a processing microwave sintering. The presence of Al2O3 grains had an effect of hindering grain growth of ZrO2 grains. When the microwave sintering temperature was 1500°C, 7.5Al2O3-ZrO2 composite ceramics presented excellent mechanical properties: HV=12.0 GPa, σf=715.7 Mpa, KIC=11.9 MPa·m1/2. Compared with that of pure ZrO2 ceramic, the bending strength and the fracture toughness were improved 45% and 23% at least, respectively. The fracture mode was associated with sintering temperature: when the sintering temperature was 1350°C~1450°C, the intergranular fracture and transgranular fracture coexisted; when the sintering temperature was 1500°C, intergranular fracture was the main fracture mode.
Defect Control and Interfacial Microstructure of Laminated Composites of TiB2-Based Ceramic to 1Cr18Ni9Ti Stainless Steel by Reaction Fusion Bonding
Authors: Yin De Jun , Zhao Zhong Min , Wu Bao Jun , Zhang Long , Song Ya Lin
Published: November 2014

By taking Ti-B4C and CrO3-Al as the primary system and the subsystem respectively, the curve dependence of CrO3-Al subsystem on the adiabatic temperature of the reactive system was calculated in chemical dynamics, and laminated composite with TiB2-based ceramic to stainless steel was achieved without Al2O3 inclusions and microcracks at the interface, and the intermediate was clearly presented between the ceramic and the stainless steel through liquid fusion and liquid diffusion of the ceramic liquid and the molten steel. Because of the differences in constitutional diffusion and solid precipitation, the hybrid microstructures was presented in the intermediate, i.e. within the intermediate the ceramic and metallic phases in different size were alternately distributed to form 3-D net ceramic-metal microstructure, while the continuously-graded microstructure from the TiB2 matrix ceramic to stainless steel was also presented in both volume fraction and size of the TiB2 and TiC phases.
Effects of V2O5 and ZrO2 on Chipping Ratio of MnZn Ferrite Core
Authors: Lin Yang Yi , Huang Jin Tao
Published: November 2014

Cracking and chipping of MnZn Ferrites usually occur during the grinding process although proper additives such as V2O5can restrain development of cracks. To study the mechanisms, the effects of adding V2O5or ZrO2to MnZn ferrite were investigated by the rattler test. It was confirmed that adding V2O5could improve the toughness of MnZn ferrite while addition of ZrO2showed opposite result. Based on micro-structure analysis, it was found that adding V2O5increased ratio of intergranular fracture mode to the transgranular but adding ZrO2caused more transgranular cracks. Besides, V2O5addition changed its grain size distribution and resulted in some larger grains. Possible mechanisms of the toughness improvement were proposed according the above findings.
Preparation and Luminescence Properties of SrMoO4 Doped with Pr3+
Authors: Gan Cui Lan , Xu Xiao Li , Yang Ji Hui , Peng Zi Fei
Published: November 2014

A red light-emitting phosphor of SrMoO4: Pr3+was synthesized by a convenient high-temperature solid-state reaction method. The structures, morphologies and optical properties of as-prepared products were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscope (FESEM) and photoluminescent (PL). A strong red emission centered at 645 nm corresponding to the 3P0→3F2transition of Pr3+is observed under 430–500 nm excitated. In addition, it has been found that M+(M+= Li+, Na+or K+) codoped SrMoO4: Pr3+phosphors could lead to a remarkable increase of photoluminescence. Luminous intensity was the highest when doping Na+ions. The influence of the sintering temperature on the luminescence properties of the phosphors is also discussed. The optimum sintering temperature was 900°C. The average particle size was about 2~4 μm. Thus, it is a promising material for solid-state lighting based on GaN light-emitting diode (LED).
Preparation and Characterization of Wire-Liked NiFe2O4 Nanoparticles with High Specific Area and Excellent Magnetic Properties via a Template-Assembled Sol-Gel Method
Authors: Gao Peng Zhao , Yan Bing , Li Dong Yun , Gan Xia Xia , Li Ping , Liu Wei
Published: November 2014

A simple template assembled sol-gel method is used to prepare the wire-liked NiFe2O4 nano-particles with high specific surface area and excellent magnetic. Influence of template and calcined temperatures on the composition, microstructure, BET, magnetic properties as well as radio frequency(RF) heating rate are studied through XRD, TEM, BET, VSM and RF heat test. Results show that the template-assembled sol-gel method is a successful and easy method to obtain randomly oriented wire-liked NiFe2O4 nano-particles. The spinel NiFe2O4 was the main phase, impurity rhombohedral Fe2O3 phase is also detected in all samples. An increase in grain size is observed with the increased calcined temperatures as well as the concentration of sol, while the specific surface area decreases from 50.3 to 13.2 m2/g. As the sintering temperature equals to 700°C, the nano-particles can be observed with a diameter approximately 50 nm and a length approximately 700 nm. Ms increases with the increase of sintering temperature and slightly waves with the increase of sol concentrations, C-1-1000 exhibits higher Ms (73.0 emu/g) and lower Mr andHcvalues (13.5 emu/g, 79.3Oe ), respectively. The calculated hysteresis loss and the measured RF heating rate exhibits good agreement. The sample C-1-800 has the highest heating rate of 1.72 °C/s.
Effects of the Substrate Temperature on the Structure and Properties of Cd1-xMnxTe Films
Authors: Wang Jun Nan , Wang Lin , Ji Huan Huan , Ren Bing , Yang Yi Ming , Zhang Ji Jun , Huang Jian , Tang Ke , Wang Lin Jun
Published: November 2014

Cd1-xMnxTe (CdMnTe) can be a good candidate for gamma and X-ray detection because of its wide band-gap, high resistivity, and good electro-transport properties. Polycrystalline CdMnTe films were grown by closed-space sublimation method on glasses at different substrate temperatures. In this paper, substrate temperature dependent surface morphology, chemical composition, structural and electrical properties of CdMnTe films are investigated systematically.
Effect of pH Value on the Properties of SnO2 Nano-Cystalline for Dye Sensitized Solar Cells
Authors: Song Jie Guang , Hua Lin , Shen Qiang , Wang Fang , Zhang Lian Meng
Published: November 2014

The study of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs) based on nanocrystalline films of high band gap semiconductors is a progressive field of research that is being carried out by scientists in a wide range of laboratories. To improve the conversion efficiency of the DSCs, the SnO2 nanorots photocurrent is prepared via the hydrothermal method, and characterized by XRD, FESEM, BET and Absorption spectrum. Though analysis the results, the conclusion is shown the pure SnO2 is preparation, the SnO2 nanocrystalline both shows the single phase that SnO2 from the sule solution to kalin solution. The prepared SnO2 nanocrystalline under pH=3 shows the particle-shape crystalline, the surface area of SnO2 nanocrystalline is 86.3412m2/g. The prepared SnO2 nanocrystalline under pH=7 shows the short rod-shape crystalline, the surface area of SnO2 nanocrystalline is 58.3408m2/g. The absorbance of SnO2 nanocrystalline shows the strong absorption in the ultraviolet ray range, the absorbance of synthesized SnO2 nanocrystalline under pH=11 shows the highest value.
Effect of Annealing Temperature on the Structures and Properties of Bi4.15Nd0.85Ti3FeO15 Thin Films
Authors: Pei Yu , Pan Feng Ming
Published: November 2014

To investigate the effect of annealing temperature on the structures and properties of Bi4.15Nd0.85Ti3FeO15 (BNTF), their thin films with four perovskite slabs were deposited on Pt/Ti/SiO2/Si substrates by the metal-organic decomposition method. Good remanent polarization and excellent fatigue resistance were observed at room temperature. The BNTF thin films annealed at 780°C presented better ferroelectricity than those annealed at 700°C-780°C. Ferromagnetic of BNTF thin films was not observed at room temperature.
TiO2 Added Zn-Bi Based Varistors: Microstructure, I-V, Flow and Aging Characteristics
Authors: Hao Shu Zhao , Zhou Huan Fu , Guo Rui Li , Chu Dong Jin , Chen Xiu Li , Hu Chang Zheng , Chang Bao Cheng , Qin Yuan Dong , Fang Liang
Published: November 2014

TiO2 was added in Zn-Bi based varistors to enhance the grain growth of ceramics and the effects of TiO2 addition on the microstructure, I-V, flow and aging characteristics of Zn-Bi varistors were studied. The voltage-gradient of samples decreased to minimum value of 30.6 V/mm when the TiO2 content was 0.6 mol%, but increased with further increasing TiO2 content. The variation trend of average grain size was just the opposite of the voltage-gradient. 0.6 mol% TiO2 added samples have a more unify microstructure and excellent three parameter values with IL=5.7μA, E1mA=30.6V/mm, α=25.8. After Dc aging at 125 oC for 7h, the voltage variation of samples is very slow (~-4.1%).
Effect of Al2O3 on Surface Tension of the SiO2-Al2O3-RO-R2O Glass System
Authors: Tian Ying Liang , Guo Shu Guang , Sun Shi Bing
Published: November 2014

This study selected high alkali aluminosilicate glass as the research object. It’s belongs to the SiO2-Al2O3-RO-R2O glass system. By changing the content of Al2O3in the SiO2-Al2O3-RO-R2O glass system, designed five basic glass formula. Using conventional melting method prepared the high alkali aluminosilicate glass. In the case of the same heat treatment, the glass formulations are the most important factor in the glass surface tension. Using the glass surface tension measuring instrument, focus on the content of Al2O3on the glass surface tension’s effects law. The results show that the high alkali aluminosilicate glass’s surface tension are increase with the increase of Al2O3content. The relation between glass surface tension and the content of Al2O3conforms to the formula Y=290+6.5WAl2O3, Al2O3factors influence the surface tension of the glass is 6.5.
The Effect of pH Value of Plating Bath on the Properties of Electroless Ni-P Coating on Phenolic Plastic Substrate
Authors: Mao Xin Yu , Liang Xiao Ping , Liu Jian , Liu Lei , Liu Kai
Published: November 2014

Electroless Ni–P coatings with different phosphorus contents have been developed to deposit on phenolic plastic in plating bath with different pH values. The effects of pH value on the phosphorus content and the microstructure were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The hardness of the coating was measured using Vicker’s indenter and the wear resistance was evaluated by a block-on-ring wear tester under dry condition. The results showed that with the increase of the pH value ranging from 4.4 to 5.4, the phosphorus content exhibited a decreasing trend from 11.01 wt.% to 7.76 wt.% . The structure of the electroless Ni–P coating transformed from amorphous phase, to a mixture of amorphous phases and nanocrystalline, and ﬁnally to nanocrystalline phase with the decrease of phosphorus content. The wear resistance of phenolic plastic was obviously enhanced by plating Ni–P coating. The hardness increased with the decrease of phosphorus content. However, the wear resistance did not always follow the hardness, indicating that not only the hardness but also other factors, such as internal stress and surface morphology, had an effect on the wear resistance of Ni–P coating.
Glass Forming Ability and Luminescent Properties of P2O5-ZnO-SrO System Glasses
Authors: Wang Jia Xin , Chen Guo Hua
Published: November 2014

Glass-forming ability in the P2O5-ZnO-SrO-K2O system was investigated using differential thermal analyzer (DTA). The results showed that adding appropriate amount of K2O could improve the glass-forming ability of phosphate glasses. Meanwhile, the spectroscopic properties of Tm/Tb/Mn co-doped phosphate glasses were studied by photoluminescence (PL) measurements and CIE color coordinate. Blue, green, and reddish orange emission bands were observed in the PL spectra of the phosphate glasses. The combination of these emission bands gave white light by ultraviolet light excitation (360nm). As the Tb4O7 was increased,a gradual shift from white emission to yellow emission was observed in the PL spectra of the glasses. These three ions-doped phosphate glasses are potential candidates for white light-emitting diodes.
Ballistic Performance of Laminated Composite with TiB2 Based Ceramic to Ti-6Al-4V Alloy in Continuously-Graded Microstructure
Authors: Song Ya Lin , Wu Bao Jun , Zhang Long , Zhao Zhong Min
Published: November 2014

Laminated composite of TiB2 based ceramic to Ti-6Al-V alloy in graded microstructure were achieved by combustion synthesis in ultra-high gravity field. XRD and FESEM results showed the presence of the graded microstructures at the joint which was characterized by multilevel (TiC1-x-TiB-TiB2 + TiB2-Ti-TiC1-x-TiB + TiB2-TiC1-x-TiB-Ti + TiB-TiC1-x-Ti + TiC1-x-Ti) and multiscale (micro-submicro-nano) of the size and the distribution of TiB2 phases and TiB phases. It was considered that liquid fusion, atomic interdiffusion and a series of metallurgical reaction during solidification were reasoned for the continuously-graded microstructure from the ceramic to Ti alloy. Ballistic mass effectiveness coefficients of TiB2 based ceramic and the laminated composite with TiB2 based ceramic to Ti alloy were calculated to be 3.25 and 7.35 respectively by DOP test. The continuously-graded microstructures at the joint from the ceramic to Ti ally was considered to effectively reduce acoustic impedance mismatch between the ceramic and the metal, resulting in the enhanced ballistic performance of the target against the projectile by initiating intensive shear coupling effect.
Electrical Characteristics and Microstructures of Pr2O3-Doped Bi4Ti3O12 Thin Films
Authors: Huang Chong Qing , Mei X.A. , Chen M. , Li B.
Published: November 2014

Pr2O3-doped bismuth titanate (Bi4-xPrxTi3O12: BPT) thin films with random oriention were fabricated on Pt/Ti/SiO2/Si substrates by rf magnetron sputtering technique, and the structures and ferroelectric properties of the films were investigated. XRD studies indicated that all of BPT films consisted of single phase of a bismuth-layered structure with well-developed rod-like grains. For samples with x=0..0 , 0.25, 1.0 and 1.25, I-E characteristics exhibited negative differential resistance behaviors and their ferroelectric hysteresis loops were characterized by large leakage current, whereas for samples with x=0.5 and 0.75, I-E characteristics were simple ohmic behaviors and their ferroelectric hysteresis loops were the saturated and undistorted hysteresis loops. The remanent polarization ( Pr ) and coercive field (Ec) of the BPT Film with x=0.75 were above 30μC/cm2 and 75KV/cm , respectively.
Ferroelectric Properties and Microstructures of Bi4-xDyxTi3O12 Thin Films
Authors: Li Bei , Liu X.B. , Chen M. , Mei X.A.
Published: November 2014

Dy-doped Bi4Ti3O12 thin films were fabricated on Pt/Ti/SiO2/Si substrates by pulsed laser deposition technique, and the structures and electrical properties of the films were investigated. XRD results indicated that all of Bi4-xDyxTi3O12 films consisted of single phase of a bismuth-layered structure with well-developed rod-like grains. The remanent polarization ( Pr ) and coercive field (Ec) of the Bi4-xDyxTi3O12 Film with x=0.75 were 25μC/cm2 and 85KV/cm , respectively.
Ferroelectric Properties of Bismuth Titanate Ceramics by Tb2O3/V2O5 Substitution
Authors: Liu Rui Fang , Mei X.A. , Chen M. , Huang C.Q. , Liu J.
Published: November 2014

The ferroelectricity of Bi3.2Tb0.8Ti3O12 (BTT) and Bi3.2Tb0.8Ti2.97V0.03O12 (BTTV) ceramics prepared at 1100°C by a conventional ceramic technique was investigated. These ceramics possess random-oriented polycrystalline structure. The remanent polarization (Pr) and coercive field (Ec) of the BTT ceramics are 16 μC/cm2 and 75kV/cm, respectively. Furthermore, V substitution improves the Pr value of the BTT ceramics up to 26 μC/cm2, which is much larger than that of the BTT ceramics. Therefore, co-sustitution of Tb and V in Bi4Ti3O12 (BIT) ceramic is effective for the improvement of its ferroelectricity.
Effect of Sc2O3/V2O5 Substitution on the Ferroelectric Properties of Bi4Ti3O12 Ceramics
Authors: Liu X.B. , Mei X.A. , Chen M. , Li B.
Published: November 2014

The ferroelectricity of Bi3.25Sc0.75Ti3O12 (BST), and Bi3.25Sc0.75Ti2.97V0.03O12 (BSTV) ceramics prepared at 1100°C by a conventional ceramic technique was investigated. These ceramics possess random-oriented polycrystalline structure. The remanent polarization (Pr) and coercive field (Ec) of the BST ceramics are 18 μC/cm2 and 70kV/cm, respectively. Furthermore, V substitution improves the Pr value of the BST ceramics up to 26 μC/cm2. Therefore, co-sustitution of Sc and V in Bi4Ti3O12 (BIT) ceramic is effective for the improvement of its ferroelectricity.
Ionic Conductivity and Coordination Number of Cations in Ce1-xYxO2-x/2
Authors: Xie Xiao Hu , Liu Kai Qi , Yang Fen Rong , Ding Yu
Published: November 2014

Yttria doped ceria display higher ionic conductivity and stabilized phase which possess more advantage for solid oxide fuel cells. By using molecular dynamics simulation, the lattice parameter and oxygen conductivity of Ce1-xYxO2-x/2 (x = 0 - 0.65) at 1273 k have been investigated. Lattice parameters and ionic conductivity both increase with yttria doping while x < 0.15 but over doping of yttria lead to a decreasing trend on them. It is suggested that the closing distance of cation-anion is responsible for this decreasing. The coordination numbers of cations were also analyzed. The results showed that the vacancies prefer to locate near Y ions and vacancy ordering is independent with vacancy content.
Advances in Hygro-Thermal Deformation of Concrete Material
Authors: Sheng Kai , Liu Chun Lin , Yang Zhi Zi , Chen De Peng
Published: November 2014

The development of concrete deformation is determined by the time depended distribution of temperature and humidity in concrete resulting form the variation of temperature and humidity and also their coupling effect, which also greatly influences the durability and service life of concrete. Therefore, the coupling effect of temperature-humidity variation must be considered when study the volume deformation of concrete. The studies related to the hygro-thermal deformation of concrete were reviewed and summarized, which included the research status of concrete deformation resulting from temperature and humidity, the coupled heat and moisture transfer model and the numerical simulation method. The research status and existing problems of hygro-thermal deformation of concrete were also analyzed in detail for promoting the investigation on the mechanism of volume deformation cracking and the durability of concrete material, which will benefit to the deformation prediction and crack control technology of engineering structure. Periodically variation of environmental temperature and humidity can be used to describe the seasonal or diurnal temperature-humidity changing of concrete materials and structures in the construction and service period of concrete structure. Consideration should also be given to "fatigue effect of heat and moisture stress" when study the deformation evolution and the damage mechanism of concrete crack.
A New Method for Determining Strength and Fracture Toughness of Ceramic Materials in Air at 1500-2000 °C
Authors: Wan De Tian , Bao Yi Wang , Tian Yuan , Qiu Yan , Zhao Hua
Published: November 2014

Evaluation of the mechanical properties at ultra-high temperatures for ceramic composites is necessary and important for the safety of designing the ceramic components. In this work, a new and novel test method named as local ultra-high temperature together with applied load method (LUHTAL), was developed to determine the tensile, compressive, bending strength and fracture toughness of ceramic composites. The four point bending load was conducted to measure the bending strength and fracture toughness of ceramic composites after the center of the sample was heated up to about 1500-2000°C by oxygen-assisted spray combustion. To check the availability and reliability for this method, typical ceramic materials including ZrB2/SiC and C/SiC fiber reinforced composite coated with Si, were used as the testing samples. It is indicated that this method is good and feasible for evaluating the mechanical properties of the ceramic composite at ultra-high temperatures in air.
Tribological Test of Different Ceramics in Different Humidity Conditions
Authors: Chen Yu Hong
Published: November 2014

The sliding friction behaviour of several ceramics, SiC,TiC,TiB2and their multiphase composite, had been studied under different humidity against Al2O3ceramic ball. The results showed that, although the friction coefficients decreased along with humidity increased for all ceramics samples , the wear of ceramics had different performance. In high humidity condition, SiC can react with water in air to form oxide film enhance decreasing the wear. The wear rate of multiphase composite of SiC-TiC-TiB2are nearly not affect by humidity and are much smaller than for other ceramic.Key words: silicon carbide; titanium carbide; titanium boride; ceramic; oscillating sliding; humidity
Thermal Performance Analysis of the Vacuum Insulation Structure Panel Based on FLUENT
Authors: Jiang Liang , Bao Yi Wang , Chen Yu Hong
Published: November 2014

Vacuum insulation structure panel is the one type of the insulation materials. The characteristics of this material are not only low thermal conductivity, good sound insulation, energy efficient, environmental protection but also does not contain any ODS material. FLUENT software using Vacuum insulation structure panel of the temperature field of steady-state analysis. Comparative analysis of dynamic characteristics of the wall of the influencing factors。
Determining the Thermal Shock Elastic Behavior of Mullite Ceramic Regenerator Material by Ultrasonic Testing
Authors: Sun Tian Tian , Wang Yan Xia , Yun Hai , Zhang Dong Huan , Shang Qing Hui
Published: November 2014

Mullite material is a material commonly used in honeycomb regenerator, because in the process of using material under big temperature difference effect, so have a great demand for its thermal shock resistance. The used mullite ceramics were made by the direct solid phase sintering method, and the modulus of elasticity of the mullite ceramics measured by ultrasonic pulse-echo method in a thermal shock and thermal fatigue experiment, respectively. In the air-cooling condition, the study found the mullite ceramic without thermal shock that the longitudinal wave velocity and shear wave velocity respectively 3970(m/s) and 2492(m/s). After 45 times thermal shock of temperature difference of 800°C, longitudinal wave velocity and shear wave velocity decreased to 3910(m/s) and 2457(m/s), and the value of the modulus of elasticity changed 1020MPa. By observing the change of the elastic modulus value rule, can know the elastic deformation of thermal shock on the material performance of thermal shock damage. Moreover, the results can provide the data basis for the calculation of the residual strength and the numerical simulation of thermal stress.
Input Impedance Adjustment and Property Optimization for Microwave Absorbing Slabs
Authors: Zeng Zhao Yang , Liu Heng , Guo Yi Min
Published: November 2014

It is generally believed that materials with high imaginary permeability and high imaginary permittivity are effective absorbers. For specific samples, however, the adjustment of input impedance is still necessary for the sample property optimization. By analyzing the relation between the diffraction rate and the input impedance, a method of absorption maximization for slab sample are presented in this sample. Medium choosing and volume rate controlling is the key of this method.
Riser Design of Cast System of Fused Zirconia-Alumina-Silica
Authors: Yang Dao Yuan , Ma Min Xiao , Liu Ruo Yang , Chu Yue , Yin Yi Ming , Li Luo Yuan , Wan Guan Hui
Published: November 2014

Fused cast Zirconia-Alumina-Silica material (AZS) is the key refractory to glass furnace. In order to reduce production cost and optimize production process, the influences of riser position and riser size on temperature gradient, solidification time, residual melt modulus, solidification fraction, and cooling rate of cast system were studied by the finite element simulation method according to the brick size of 600 mm × 400 mm × 300 mm. It turned out that it would be more efficient in feeding when riser located at the center of maximum surface of a brick or when the height of riser is 250 mm-270 mm, while the volume ratio of brick to riser is 2.95-2.74, on condition that the size of riser upper surface is 450 mm × 450 mm and the bottom 150 mm×150 mm.
Performance Evaluation Method of Self-Consolidating Concrete
Authors: Huang Peng Fei , Bao Yi Wang
Published: November 2014

Due to its outstanding performance and merits, Self-Consolidating Concrete (SCC) has attracted a wide attention from scientists, researchers and engineers all over the world. At present, many research activities have been conducted in developing and evaluating SCC and its related technologies. However, existing performance evaluation methods of are mostly limited in the field of material, while structure performance evaluation methods of SCC are rarely reported. As we all known, the lifetime of the SCC structure is mainly subject to its material, structural and durability performances as a whole. Undoubtedly, it is crucial for us to study and develop a sound structural and durability performance evaluation method to complement the existing material performance evaluation methods. As such, the structural and durability performance evaluation method of SCC was studied in this paper.
Effect of Mineral Composition and Sintering Temperature on the Synthetic Cordierite
Authors: Li Lei , Wen Rui Long , Zhang Xiao Guang , Wang Cheng Biao , Fang Ming Hao , Liu Yan Gai , Wu Xiao Wen , Huang Zhao Hui
Published: November 2014

Cordierite samples were prepared using quartz sand tailings, industrial alumina and magnesite tailings as raw materials by high-temperature reaction. The influence of mineral composition and sintering temperature on the final phase composition and physical properties of cordierite were studied. The results shown that a large number of cordierite generated at 1300 °C. When the ratio of Al2O3/SiO2 equals to 1.08, the flexural strength of samples increased to 27.66 MPa.
Surface Densification of Silica Ceramic
Authors: Hu Wei
Published: November 2014

A rapid sintering densification treatment was performed on the surface of silica ceramic by using hydrogen-oxygen flame. The effects of surface densification processing on the phase composition, microstructure and bending strength of the silica ceramic were studied. Results showed that, after the densification processing, there was no obvious change in the phase composition of the silica ceramic but gradual transition structure happened. The transition structure not only prevents the abrupt structural change from the densification layer to porous layer of the silica ceramic but also guarantees the strong interface bonding between adjacent layers, leading to the improved bending strength. The present densification processing could realize the integrated fabrication of silica material with different density.
Preparation of Xonotlite Nano-Fibres Using the Silica Source from Coal Fly Ash and Ca(OH)2
Authors: Yang Jing , Zhang Xin , Ma Hong Wen , Wang Ming Wei , Wu Han
Published: November 2014

Extracting aluminum oxide from high-alumina coal fly ash are significant to make up for the inadequacy of bauxite resource in China. How to comprehensively utilize silica components in coal fly ash is a key technical question in industrialization for extracting of alumina from coal fly ash. Desilication of coal fly ash (CFA) and preparation of xonotlite were studied using the silica-rich solution from the CFA as silica source and calcium oxide as calcium source respectively. The CFA is from a power plant at Shizuishan city in Ningxia, China. Xonotlite was successfully prepared by a series processes including predesilication, hydro-thermal synthesis. The experimental results indicated that SiO2in the coal fly ash changed into NaSiO3after the coal fly ash was treated by desilication using NaOH solution. Hydrated calcium silicate was obtained from the reaction of the solutions produced by desilication and Ca (OH)2at the condition of Ca/Si (mol)=1, T=160°Cand t=1h. Xonotlite was synthesized by the hydrated calcium silicate using the hydrothermal temperature of 260°C for 2 hours. Keywords: Coal Fly Ash, Pre-desilication, alkali Hydrothermally-treated, Xonotlite nanofibres
Synthesis and Characterization of Ce0.5Zr0.5O2 Nanocomposite and its Supported Pd-Only Catalysis Activity
Authors: Yang Dong Xia , Ning Ping , He Jie Li , Zhu Jing Fang , Zheng Ting Ting , Huan Yuan Feng
Published: November 2014

The Ce0.5Zr0.5O2 nanocomposites (CZ) were prepared by co-precipitation(CP), fractional precipitation (FP) and fractional precipitation with hydrothermal treatment (FP-HT). The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Brunauer-Emmet Teller method (BET), H2-temperature programmed reduction (H2-TPR), and thermogravimetric analysis (TG) under H2-N2. XRD results displayed that all samples formed a single solid solution-like ceria-zirconia phase. BET results revealed CZ prepared by FP-HT (CZ-FP-HT) had the highest surface area. H2-TPR and TG analysis under H2-N2 showed CZ-FP-HT exhibited the strongest redox ability and oxygen storage capacity. Moreover, three-way catalysts of Pd-Rh supported on CZ -FP-HT and commercial CZ with same composites were prepared, and their three-way catalytic activity were also studied by engine evaluation. Pd-Rh/CZ-FP-HT showed a bit of higher oxygen storage capacity, catalytic activity and better thermal stability than Pd-Rh/CZ-commercial.
Photoluminescence in a Novel Aldo-Keto Synthesized YPO4:Eu3+ Nanophosphor
Authors: Koparkar K.A. , Bajaj N.S. , Omanwar S.K.
Published: November 2014

In this report, Aldo-keto (Aldehydes and Ketones) method, a soft root of synthesis of inorganic materials was employed to prepare YPO4:Eu3+ nanophosphors. The as-prepared samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscope (SEM) for structural and morphological studies. The complete agreement of XRD with standard ICDD data confirms the formation of required phase. The particle size conformation was done through Debye Scherrer formula. The luminescence studies were carried out by photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy. The PL spectra reveal that the orange emission (5D0→7F1) was more intense than a normal red emission (5D0→7F2). Also the tuning of color purity was done through concentration variation.
Borrelia burgdorferi Arthritis–Associated Locus Bbaa1 Regulates Lyme Arthritis and K/B×N Serum Transfer Arthritis through Intrinsic Control of Type I IFN Production
Authors: Ma Ying , Bramwell Kenneth K. C. , Lochhead Robert B. , Paquette Jackie K. , Zachary James F. , Weis John H. , Teuscher Cory , Weis Janis J.
Published: November 2014

Localized upregulation of type I IFN was previously implicated in development of Borrelia burgdorferi–induced arthritis in C3H mice, and was remarkable due to its absence in the mildly arthritic C57BL/6 (B6) mice. Independently, forward genetics analysis identified a quantitative trait locus on Chr4, termed B. burgdorferi–associated locus 1 (Bbaa1), that regulates Lyme arthritis severity and includes the 15 type I IFN genes. Involvement of Bbaa1 in arthritis development was confirmed in B6 mice congenic for the C3H allele of Bbaa1 (B6.C3-Bbaa1), which developed more severe Lyme arthritis and K/B×N model of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) than did parental B6 mice. Administration of a type I IFN receptor blocking mAb reduced the severity of both Lyme arthritis and RA in B6.C3-Bbaa1 mice, formally linking genetic elements within Bbaa1 to pathological production of type I IFN. Bone marrow–derived macrophages from Bbaa1 congenic mice implicated this locus as a regulator of type I IFN induction and downstream target gene expression. Bbaa1-mediated regulation of IFN-inducible genes was upstream of IFN receptor–dependent amplification; however, the overall magnitude of the response was dependent on autocrine/paracrine responses to IFN-β. In addition, the Bbaa1 locus modulated the functional phenotype ascribed to bone marrow–derived macrophages: the B6 allele promoted expression of M2 markers, whereas the C3H allele promoted induction of M1 responses. This report identifies a genetic locus physically and functionally linked to type I IFN that contributes to the pathogenesis of both Lyme and RA.
Role and Regulation of CD1d in Normal and Pathological B Cells
Authors: Chaudhry Mohammed S. , Karadimitris Anastasios
Published: November 2014

CD1d is a nonpolymorphic, MHC class I–like molecule that presents phospholipid and glycosphingolipid Ags to a subset of CD1d-restricted T cells called invariant NKT (iNKT) cells. This CD1d–iNKT cell axis regulates nearly all aspects of both the innate and adaptive immune responses. Expression of CD1d on B cells is suggestive of the ability of these cells to present Ag to, and form cognate interactions with, iNKT cells. In this article, we summarize key evidence regarding the role and regulation of CD1d in normal B cells and in humoral immunity. We then extend the discussion to B cell disorders, with emphasis on autoimmune disease, viral infection, and neoplastic transformation of B lineage cells, in which CD1d expression can be altered as a mechanism of immune evasion and can have both diagnostic and prognostic importance. Finally, we highlight current and future therapeutic strategies that aim to target the CD1d–iNKT cell axis in B cells.
Marble provenance investigation of the Roman Sabine sarcophagus
Authors: White Fred
Published: November 2014

The provenance of marbles used for making sarcophagi during the Roman period is an important question and scientific analysis can provide a strong confirmation and basis for future studies determining when and where the materials were obtained for manufacture. By using three different techniques (i.e., electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy, stable isotope analysis and maximum grain size measurements) plus in situ examination, it is possible to resolve fully the provenance and date range of the ancient marble.
Luminescence dating applied to Saint-Irénée’s church (Lyon, France)
Authors: Bouvier Armel , Reynaud Jean-François , Guibert Pierre , Sapin Christian
Published: November 2014

The aim of the study presented here is to propose a new view on the chronology of early medieval buildings in Europe and on the related building modes. If several studies have proved the efficiency of this multidisciplinary process, the case of St. Irenee’s church is very representative of the contributions of such an approach. This church is one of the oldest witnesses of the Christianization in Lyon, capital city of Gauls, and of its evolution under the aegis of Burgonds. However the small number of preserved remains of its early states has shown uncertainties in the interpretation of the chronology of the building use. There are two possibilities: is it the monument described by Gregory of Tours at the end of the 6th century? Or is it the result of the Burgond building politics at around the 9th century? Lumine scence dating on architectural ceramics brought then a new approach very complementary of the historic and archaeological data, yielding new interrogations on the use and reuse of ancient material. Some evidence allowed lifting the veil on the sanctuary origins and its evolution through time. Finally, different building phases have been determined and allowed to understand the transformation of the church between its foundation and the 10th century.