bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Spatial Dependence, Social Networks, and Economic Structures in Japanese Regional Labor Migration
Authors: Murayama Koji , Nagayasu Jun , Bazzaoui Lamia
Published: February 2022

This study empirically analyzes the determinants of regional labor migration in Japan, where small towns are disappearing due to the shortage of labor. Using spatial models of origin–destination flows and considering network effects of labor and economic structures, we obtain results more consistent with the standard migration theory, compared to previous studies. In particular, we find that migration decisions are based on economic motivations and that high (low) unemployment rates in origin (destination) regions and low income in origin regions are important determinants of labor migration flows. Second, we report that network effects, which help reduce migration costs, play a significant role in the relocation of labor. Finally, considering different definitions of spatial weights based on distance, the volume of traded goods, and economic structures, we show that regional dependence is most appropriately defined by the similarity in economic structures. In other words, migration patterns are similar between regions that rely on analogous economic activities.
Moving toward Sustainability: Rethinking Gender Structures in Education and Occupation Systems
Authors: Hanson Sandra L. , Pumar Enrique S.
Published: February 2022

This book comprises a Special Issue in the Sustainability Journal on “Moving toward Sustainability: Rethinking Gender Structures in Education and Occupation Systems [...]
Food Wastage Attitudes among the United Arab Emirates Population: The Role of Social Media
Authors: Osaili Tareq , Obaid Reyad , Alqutub Russul , Akkila Rawya , Habil Ala , Dawoud Ahlam , Duhair Serin , Hasan Fayeza , Hashim Mona , Ismail Leila , Al-Nabulsi Anas , Taha Sadi
Published: February 2022

The objective of this study is to evaluate food wastage attitudes and the impact of social media among the United Arab Emirates (UAE) population. A questionnaire was distributed via social network applications (n = 525). The majority of the respondents were females (84%) and social media users (99%). Most of the respondents were well aware of the problem of food wastage (96%). Half of the respondents (53.7 and 48.8%) reported taking some form of action on an ‘often’ basis to reduce food wastage, and buying food as per their needs, respectively. Two-thirds (66.7%) of the respondents stated that their family did not throw away anything from their last meal. A majority (82.3%) felt uncomfortable upon discarding food. A mixed response was observed in terms of food wastage and social media usage. On one hand, using social media was significantly (p < 0.05) associated with measuring the exact quantity of ingredients prior to preparation, lower overall family wastage, eating leftovers, and composting. On the other hand, less-frequent social media users significantly (p < 0.05) had fewer leftovers, checked expiry dates, were more serious about food wastage, and planned to minimize it. Social media should be used with prudence as it may not have a very significant impact on food wastage reduction.
The Coal, Petroleum, and Gas Embedded in the Sectoral Demand-and-Supply Chain: Evidence from China
Authors: Sajid Muhammad Jawad , Yu Zhang , Rehman Syed Abdul
Published: February 2022

The United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) number seven expressly calls for universal access to affordable and sustainable energy. Energy sustainability will require a reduction in energy consumption, including embedded energy consumption in sectoral demand and supply chains. However, few studies have estimated the amount of coal, petroleum, and gas (fossil fuel) embedded in demand-and-supply chains (FFEDS). Furthermore, the inter-and intra-sectoral energy linkages are understudied. This study quantifies China’s FFEDS, the world’s largest energy consumer. According to the findings, the highest levels of coal, natural gas, and petroleum consumption (CNGPC) are embedded in the construction sector’s input demand. “Electricity and steam production and supply” total intermediate exports (internal plus inter-sectoral) stimulated the highest coal consumption. “Crude petroleum products and natural gas products” and “railway freight transport” aggregate supplies induced the highest volume of natural gas and petroleum consumption. Compared to intra-sectoral demand, inter-sectoral demand stimulated significantly larger CNGPCs. In contrast, CNGPC’s inter- and inter-sectoral supplies were nearly identical. Modifying current carbon taxation and credit mechanisms to include energy embedded in demand and supply can help to achieve SDG 7.
Socio-Economic Benefits in Community Energy Structures
Authors: Kiamba Lorna , Rodrigues Lucelia , Marsh Julian , Naghiyev Eldar , Sumner Mark , Empringham Lee , De Lillo Liliana , Gillott Mark
Published: February 2022

In this paper, the authors examine how a community energy group in the Meadows area of Nottingham in the UK adopted a model of local energy generation and storage as a means of combatting climate change, improving energy efficiency, enhancing energy security, and reducing fuel poverty. By prioritising local needs and managing expectations, this approach was seen to unite community members in acting on energy challenges while increasing knowledge, understanding, and awareness of energy issues in general. The results of the survey indicated that the respondents had a significantly high level of climate awareness (94%) and support for community energy (90%). Furthermore, evidence of the impacts and efficiencies of community energy and subsequent socio-economic benefits were identified, including 89% of respondents reporting a reduction in energy costs and 67% of respondents increasing their self-consumption. Importantly, the barriers experienced when trying to maximise the identified socio-economic benefits are highlighted and general recommendations given.
Sustainable Electroporator for Continuous Pasteurisation: Design and Performance Evaluation with Orange Juice
Authors: Arshad Rai Naveed , Abdul-Malek Zulkurnain , Jusoh Yanti M. M. , Radicetti Emanuele , Tedeschi Paola , Mancinelli Roberto , Lorenzo Jose M. , Aadil Rana Muhammad
Published: February 2022

Electroporation is a simple but effective and sustainable food processing way of treating cell membranes with an electric field. It is employed in a variety of ways in the food industry, ranging from shelf-life extension to green extraction. Despite its wide range of applications, electroporators are out of reach for many labs due to their high development costs, and different electroporators have been tailored to specific applications. The designing sequence of an electroporator that takes the geometry of a treatment chamber and its electrical resistance into account for the design of a pulse generator has not been addressed in published literature. To meet this demand, this study presents a straightforward way to develop a simple, affordable, and portable electroporator for liquid food pasteurisation. The proposed electroporator comprises a coaxial treatment chamber with static mixers and a high-voltage Marx bank based on insulated-gate bipolar transistors (IGBTs). The generator has a 4.5 kV output voltage and a peak current rating of 1 kA; however, the modular design allows for a wide range of voltage and current ratings. Treated orange juice using thermal pasteurisation (65 °C, 30 min) was also used for comparison. The performance of the electroporator was studied using chemical and microbial tests. A significant log reduction (5.4 CFU·mL−1) was observed in both the PEF-treated samples with sieves. Additionally, the treated juice visual and chemical color analysis showed that the PEF-treated sample extended the shelf-life after 9 days of storage at 4 °C. This research also examines the energy conversion in these two processing steps. This study assists in developing further electroporators for other food applications with different treatment chambers without compromising the product’s quality.
Selection of Non-Crop Plant Mixes Informed by Arthropod-Plant Network Analyses for Multiple Ecosystem Services Delivery Towards Ecological Intensification of Agriculture
Authors: Laha Supratim , Chatterjee Soumik , Das Amlan , Smith Barbara , Basu Parthiba
Published: February 2022

Ecological intensification (EI) of agriculture through the improvement of ecosystem service delivery has recently emerged as the alternative to the conventional intensification of agriculture that is widely considered unsustainable and has negative impacts on the environment. Although tropical agricultural landscapes are still heterogeneous, they are rapidly losing diversity due to agricultural intensification. Restoration of natural or semi-natural habitats, habitat diversity, and provision of multiple benefits have been identified as important targets for the transition to EI. Choosing the right plant mixes for the restoration of habitats that can offer multiple ecosystem service benefits is therefore crucial. The selection of candidate species for plant mixes is generally informed by studies focusing on a specific ecosystem service (e.g., pollination) and not based on the whole arthropod—non-crop plant interactions matrix. In this study, we try to identify non-crop plant mixes that would provide habitat for pollinators, act as refugia for natural pest predators, and also as a trap crop for potential crop pests by studying non-crop plants—arthropod interaction network. We have identified the non-crop plant species mixes by first identifying the connector species based on their centrality in the network and then by studying how their sequential exclusions affect the stability of the network.
An Integrated Framework Based on GAN and RBI for Learning with Insufficient Datasets
Authors: Lin Yao-San , Lin Liang-Sian , Chen Chih-Ching
Published: February 2022

Generative adversarial networks are known as being capable of outputting data that can imitate the input well. This characteristic has led the previous research to propose the WGAN_MTD model, which joins the common version of Generative Adversarial Networks and Mega-Trend-Diffusion methods. To prevent the data-driven model from becoming susceptible to small datasets with insufficient information, we introduced a robust Bayesian inference to the process of virtual sample generation based on the previous version and proposed its refined version, WGAN_MTD2. The new version allows users to append subjective information to the contaminated estimation of the unknown population, at a certain level. It helps Mega-Trend-Diffusion methods take into account not only the information from original small datasets but also the user’s subjective information when generating virtual samples. The flexible model will not be subject to the information from the present datasets. To verify the performance and confirm whether a robust Bayesian inference benefits the effective generation of virtual samples, we applied the proposed model to the learning task with three open data and conducted corresponding experiments for the significance tests. As the experimental study revealed, the integrated framework based on GAN and RBI, WGAN_MTD2, can perform better and lead to higher learning accuracies than the previous one. The results also confirm that a robust Bayesian inference can improve the information capturing from insufficient datasets.
Osteoid Osteoma in an Adult Wheelchair Basketball Player Mimicking Musculoskeletal Shoulder Pain: Red Flag or a Red Herring?
Authors: Maselli Filippo , Storari Lorenzo , Lorusso Mariangela , Mourad Firas , Pennella Denis , Barbari Valerio , Salomon Mattia , Brindisino Fabrizio
Published: February 2022

Osteoid osteoma (OO) is a relatively common, benign bone-forming tumour, which mainly occurs on the long tubular bones of the limbs in adolescents. Usually, the OO is classified based on its localisation. Night-time pain is the major symptom of OO, which is commonly relieved using non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, while surgery is required only for those patients with severe pain or in case of failure of previous conservative treatments. Our case report describes a 56-year-old male basketball player who self-referred to our outpatient physical therapy with a shoulder pain complaint. Considering the anamnesis and the physical examination, the physical therapist referred the patient to an orthopaedic surgeon, who suggested a detailed imaging investigation. The peculiarity of this clinical case is the overlapping of two clinical presentations: the symptomatology of the OO and the concurrent mechanical disorder due to a rotator cuff tendinopathy.
Current Concepts in Imaging Diagnosis and Screening of Blunt Cerebrovascular Injuries
Authors: So Tiffany Y. , Sawhney Apurva , Wang Lei , Wang Yi Xiang J.
Published: February 2022

Blunt cerebrovascular injury (BCVI) is an often underrecognized injury occurring in the carotid or vertebral arteries, associated with a risk of ischemic stroke and potential for poor neurological outcome or death. Computed tomographic angiography (CTA) is the most common modality for initial screening and diagnosis. Vessel wall intimal injuries, intraluminal thrombus, dissection, intramural hematoma, pseudoaneurysm, vessel transection, and arteriovenous fistula, are potential findings to be considered in approach to imaging. Identification of high-risk trauma patients based on clinical and radiological risk factors can determine patients at risk of BCVI for targeted screening.
Steep Decline in Binding Capability of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Variant (B.1.1.529) RBD to the Antibodies in Early COVID-19 Convalescent Sera and Inactivated Vaccine Sera
Authors: Zhou Wenhao , He Ping , Li Junhua , Liu Huan , Shi Mengjuan , Yu Junping , Wei Hongping
Published: February 2022

A new SARS-CoV-2 variant B.1.1.529 was named by the WHO as Omicron and classified as a Variant of Concern (VOC) on 26 November 2021. Because this variant has more than 50 mutations, including 30 mutations on the spike, it has generated a lot of concerns on the potential impacts of the VOC on COVID-19. Here through ELISA assays using the recombinant RBD proteins with sequences the same to that of SARS-CoV-2 WIV04 (lineage B.1), the Delta variant and the Omicron variant as the coating antigens, the binding capabilities between the RBDs and the antibodies in COVID-19 convalescent sera and vaccine sera after two doses of the inactivated vaccine produced by Sinopharm WIBP are compared with each other. The results showed that the Omicron variant may evade antibodies induced by the ancestral strain and by the inactivated vaccine, with significant reduction in the binding capability of its RBD much greater than that of the Delta variant.
Detailed Analyses of Molecular Interactions between Favipiravir and RNA Viruses In Silico
Authors: Shirai Tatsuya , Sada Mitsuru , Saraya Takeshi , Kurai Daisuke , Sunagawa Soyoka , Ishii Haruyuki , Kimura Hirokazu
Published: February 2022

There are currently no antiviral agents for human metapneumovirus (HMPV), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), mumps virus (MuV), or measles virus (MeV). Favipiravir has been developed as an anti-influenza agent, and this agent may be effective against these viruses in vitro. However, the molecular mechanisms through which the agent affects virus replication remain to be fully elucidated. Thus, to clarify the detailed molecular interactions between favipiravir and the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) of HMPV, RSV, MuV, MeV, and influenza virus, we performed in silico studies using authentic bioinformatics technologies. As a result, we found that the active form of favipiravir (favipiravir ribofuranosyl-5′-triphosphate [F-RTP]) can bind to the RdRp active sites of HMPV, RSV, MuV, and MeV. The aspartic acid residue of RdRp active sites was involved in the interaction. Moreover, F-RTP was incorporated into the growing viral RNA chain in the presence of nucleotide triphosphate and magnesium ions. The results suggested that favipiravir shows two distinct mechanisms in various viruses: RdRp active site inhibition and/or genome replication inhibition.
High-Titer Hepatitis C Virus Production in a Scalable Single-Use High Cell Density Bioreactor
Authors: Offersgaard Anna , Duarte Hernandez Carlos Rene , Pihl Anne Finne , Venkatesan Nandini Prabhakar , Krarup Henrik , Lin Xiangliang , Reichl Udo , Bukh Jens , Genzel Yvonne , Gottwein Judith Margarete
Published: February 2022

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections pose a major public health burden due to high chronicity rates and associated morbidity and mortality. A vaccine protecting against chronic infection is not available but would be important for global control of HCV infections. In this study, cell culture-based HCV production was established in a packed-bed bioreactor (CelCradle™) aiming to further the development of an inactivated whole virus vaccine and to facilitate virological and immunological studies requiring large quantities of virus particles. HCV was produced in human hepatoma-derived Huh7.5 cells maintained in serum-free medium on days of virus harvesting. Highest virus yields were obtained when the culture was maintained with two medium exchanges per day. However, increasing the total number of cells in the culture vessel negatively impacted infectivity titers. Peak infectivity titers of up to 7.2 log10 focus forming units (FFU)/mL, accumulated virus yields of up to 5.9 × 1010 FFU, and a cell specific virus yield of up to 41 FFU/cell were obtained from one CelCradle™. CelCradle™-derived and T flask-derived virus had similar characteristics regarding neutralization sensitivity and buoyant density. This packed-bed tide-motion system is available with larger vessels and may thus be a promising platform for large-scale HCV production.
Unpacking the Implications of SARS-CoV-2 Breakthrough Infections on COVID-19 Vaccination Programs
Authors: Dzinamarira Tafadzwa , Tungwarara Nigel , Chitungo Itai , Chimene Munashe , Iradukunda Patrick Gad , Mashora Moreblessing , Murewanhema Grant , Rwibasira Gallican Nshogoza , Musuka Godfrey
Published: February 2022

Despite an array of preventive global public health interventions, SARS-CoV-2 has continued to spread significantly, infecting millions of people across the globe weekly. Newer variants of interest and concern have continued to emerge, placing the need for policymakers to rethink prevention strategies to end the pandemic. The approval of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines for public health use in December 2020 was seen as a significant development towards pandemic control and possibly ending the pandemic. However, breakthrough infections have continued to be observed among the ‘fully vaccinated’, and the duration and sustainability of vaccine-induced immunity has remained a topical public health discourse. In the absence of accurate public health communication, the breakthrough infections and waning immunity concepts have potential to further compound vaccine hesitancy. With this viewpoint, we discuss breakthrough SARS-CoV-2 infections, waning immunity, the need for COVID-19 booster shots, vaccine inequities, and the need to address vaccine hesitancy adequately to propel global vaccination programs forward.
Clinical and Radiographic Evaluation of Short- and Long-Term Outcomes of Different Treatments Adopted for Elbow Medial Compartment Disease in Dogs
Authors: Serrani Daniele , Sassaroli Sara , Gallorini Francesco , Salvaggio Alberto , Tambella Adolfo Maria , Biagioli Ilaria , Palumbo Piccionello Angela
Published: February 2022

Medial compartment disease is a common occurrence in dogs affected by elbow dysplasia. Despite many treatments suggested in the literature, only few studies reported comparative outcomes in the short and long term. The aim of this study is to report and compare short- and long-term clinical and radiographic outcomes of dogs treated for medial compartment disease (MCD) by distal dynamic ulnar ostectomy (DUO), bi-oblique dynamic proximal ulnar osteotomy (BODPUO) and conservative management (CM). From 2016 to 2018, all medium to large dogs, aged between 5 and 12 months, affected by uni/bilateral MCD and treated by DUO, BODPUO or CM, were enrolled in this study and followed up for 24 months. Orthopedic and radiographic examinations were performed at T0, T2, T12 and T24 months after treatment. Lameness score, elbow arthralgia, elbow range of motion (ROM), osteoarthritis (OA) score and percentage of ulnar subtrochlear sclerosis (%STS) were evaluated at each time point. According to the treatment performed, dogs were divided into three groups: DUO, BODPUO and CM. Forty-five elbows from twenty-six dogs, treated with DUO (n = 17), BODPUO (n = 17) or CM (n = 11), were prospectively enrolled in the study. The patients enrolled in the CM group were older and showed more severe radiographic signs of OA, compared to those enrolled in the other two groups. Lameness and arthralgia scores (p < 10−4) were significantly decreased in patients that underwent surgical treatment and increased in patients managed conservatively (lameness p < 10−4, arthralgia p = 0.3068), at T12 and T24. OA score (p < 0.0040) and ROM (DUO, CM p < 10−4; BODPUO p = 0.0740) worsened in every study group, but %STS decreased in DUO (p = 0.0108), increased in the CM group (p = 0.0025) and remained unchanged in the BODPUO group (p = 0.2740). This study supports the clinical efficacy of DUO and BODPUO in reducing lameness, arthralgia and progression of %STS. Early diagnosis and surgical attention in patients affected by MCD can improve the short- and long-term outcome and reduce the progression of secondary changes.
Towards a Good Ecological Status? The Prospects for the Third Implementation Cycle of the EU Water Framework Directive in The Netherlands
Authors: van Kats Nick , Dieperink Carel , van Rijswick Marleen , de Senerpont Domis Lisette
Published: February 2022

The aim of the EU Water Framework Directive (WFD) is to achieve a “good” chemical and ecological status for all waters by 2027. Currently, the Netherlands and other EU Member States are finalizing their plans for the third iteration of the WFD management cycle. In this paper, we conducted an ex ante evaluation of these plans by assessing the perceptions of regional water authorities on goal attainment and the factors that account for it. In order to gain these insights, we first reviewed literature and developed a framework of factors that stimulate or hamper the implementation of the WFD. More detailed insights into the relevance and characteristics of these factors were found by applying the framework in two in-depth case studies. A more generalizable pattern was found by translating the case study results into a survey among the regional water authorities. We found that the majority of the participating water authorities expect that 50% (or more) of their WFD objectives will be achieved in 2027. However, hampering factors such as a lack of political will or the impossibility to address key causes of the problems that were identified during earlier management cycles are still present. Since it is doubtful whether they can be addressed by regional water authorities, we conclude that it will be unlikely that ecological ambitions will be met by 2027.
Combination of Microscopic Tests of the Activated Sludge and Effluent Quality for More Efficient On-Site Treatment
Authors: Karczmarczyk Agnieszka , Kowalik Weronika
Published: February 2022

Container on-site wastewater treatment plants are systems of growing interest in the areas where sewer systems cannot be implemented. In this study, container on-site wastewater treatment plant with low-loaded activated sludge has been examined. The aim of the study was: (i) to assess the efficiency of the plant; and (ii) to evaluate the relationship between the condition of activated sludge and selected parameters of effluent quality. Effluent quality has been characterized by the reliability factor (RF) and technological purity index (TPI). Sludge quality assessment covered measurements of volume (Vo), dry matter (DM), sludge index (SI), and the unit oxygen consumption rate (UOCR). Microscopic analysis has been performed to assess the morphological (flocks) and biotic quality (sludge biotic index, SBI) of activated sludge. The research has been completed by an on-site measurement of dissolved oxygen concentration in an activated sludge chamber with 30 s intervals. Results confirmed a significant (p < 0.05) correlation (CC = −0.9277) between biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5) and SBI for the oxygen level in the aeration chamber between 1–2 mg/L. Negative significant correlation (p < 0.05) has also been found between SBI and electrical conductivity (EC) (CC = −0.7478). In the examined case, the optimal EC of the effluent was in the range of 600–800 µS/cm.
Evaluating Permeable Clay Brick Pavement for Pollutant Removal from Varying Strength Stormwaters in Arid Regions
Authors: Shafiquzzaman Md. , Alqarawi Saad Mohammed A. , Haider Husnain , Rafiquzzaman Md. , Almoshaogeh Meshal , Alharbi Fawaz , El-Ghoul Yassine
Published: February 2022

Permeable pavement is a low impact development technology for stormwater (SW) runoff control and pollutant removal. The strength of SW depends on land use of the catchment, e.g., semi-urban vs. industrial. The performance (in terms of pollutants removal) of permeable clay bricks (PCB) has not been adequately assessed for SW of varying strengths. For using the permeable clay bricks as a pavement surface layer, the present research investigates its pollutant removal capacity through SW infiltration using a laboratory setup. SW samples of two different strengths, i.e., high polluted stormwater (HPSW) and less polluted stormwater (LPSW), were tested for a pavement system consisting of the clay brick layer on top of a coarse gravel support layer. The tests were performed at a rainfall intensity of 12.5 mm/h (for a 10-year return period in Buraidah, Qassim) to evaluate the suitability of PCB for the arid and semi-arid regions. The experiments revealed that PCB became fully saturated and achieved a steady-state outflow condition after 10 min of rainfall. Irrespective of contamination level, the pollutant removal efficiency was found to be similar for both HPSW and LPSW. High TSS (>98%) and turbidity (>99%) removals were achieved for both strengths, while BOD5 (78.4%) and COD (76.1%) removals were moderate. Poor to moderate nutrient removal, 30.5% and 39.1% for total nitrogen (TN) and 34.7% and 31.3% for total phosphorus (TP), respectively for HPSW and LPSW, indicates an adsorptive removal of nutrients in the system. Heavy metal removal efficiency ranged from 6.7% to 94%, with higher removals archived for Fe, Mn, Se, and Pb. The study provides insights into the role of PCB as a surface layer in the permeable pavement for pollutant removal. The study also establishes the guidelines for the optimal permeable pavement design to deal with SW of varying contamination levels. Permeable clay bricks showed the potential to be used as a sustainable LID technology for arid regions.
Spatial and Temporal Variations in Fish Assemblage in Feitsui Reservoir, in Northern Taiwan, from 2006–2020
Authors: Yi-Ron Chen , Wen-Shang Hou , Chen-Kang Huang , Chu-Yang Chou
Published: February 2022

Reservoirs are artificial ecosystems that modify the hydrological and environmental components nearby. The long-term monitoring of fish assemblages in reservoirs may provide key information to understand how these artificial ecosystems allow fish population fluctuations and identify proper conservation strategies. A sentinel-site approach method assessed changes in fish assemblages in the Feitsui Reservoir (1024 ha) over 14 years, including the periods 2006–2008, 2010–2011, 2016, 2018, and 2020. Fish assemblages, sampled using gill nets, were composed of 38 species (12 families and 8 orders) with Cyprinidae as the dominant family; the fish fauna were dominated by species of the family Cyprinidae (71%) and Cichlidae (20.3%). Principal component analysis and nonmetric multidimensional scaling categorized the assemblages into two groups (cold and warm seasons), and we identified three parameters that were significantly correlated with the season (p < 0.05): SD (R = −0.04), Chl-a (R = 0.01), and algal count (R = 0.19); the algal count was higher in the warm season than in the cold season. The fish assemblage in the cold and warm seasons contained no exclusive taxa, contributing to the dissimilarity between the groups. The fish assemblage for the years before and after 2010 indicated partial overlap between the two groups; S. macrops contributed greatly to the separation of the two periods (>10% each; SIMPER) and O. mossambicus was dominant in assemblage structures after 2010. Our findings show the importance of long-term fish monitoring for the investigation of the effects of nonnative fish species on native fish species composition.
A Collaborative Framework for Hydropower Development and Sustainable Livelihood of Farmers in the Lancang-Mekong River Basin: A Review with the Perspective of Energy-Water-Food Nexus
Authors: Zhong Shuai , Zhu Yidong , Zhao Jianan , Shen Lei
Published: February 2022

With the process of poverty eradication and economic growth, hydropower development becomes increasingly important because of its huge potential advantages in the Lancang-Mekong River Basin. However, the complex topography and rich resource endowments in the Lancang-Mekong River Basin bring a variety of potential risks and uncertainties in hydropower development, which has an important impact on the sustainable livelihood of farmers. There is an urgent need for countries in the Lancang-Mekong River Basin to systematically assess hydropower projects, especially their impact on the sustainable livelihoods of farmers. Based on the systematic analysis of relevant literature, this study established a collaborative framework of hydropower development and farmers’ sustainable livelihood, including theoretical framework, indicator system and model structure. The purpose is to explore the interaction mechanism of energy and water resources utilization, food security and sustainable livelihood of farmers in hydropower development. The findings can provide scientific and technological support for the Belt and Road Initiative, poverty reduction and sustainable development in the river basin.
Formation of management skills are promoted acquired knowledge and professional experience
Authors:   Department of Nursing, FSBEI of HE «Samara State Medical University» of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Karaseva Larisa Arkadyevna
Published: February 2022

The professional activity of the head of nursing staff implies the performance of important management functions, such as planning, organization, motivation, control, communication, decision-making, etc. It is accompanied by high responsibility for staff, for work results, for patients and requires the head of organization, competence, development and creativity. The listed characteristics are formed in the process of acquiring and accumulating managerial knowledge, as well as experience as a manager.
Large Scale One-Pot Synthesis of Monodispersed Na
3
(VOPO
4
)
2
F Cathode for Na-Ion Batteries
Authors: Zhang Qiangqiang , Shen Xing , Zhou Quan , Li Kaixuan , Ding Feixiang , Lu Yaxiang , Zhao Junmei , Chen Liquan , Hu Yong-Sheng
Published: February 2022

Na-ion batteries (NIBs) have received significant interest as potential candidates for large-scale energy storage owing to the widespread distribution of sodium and superior low-temperature performance. However, their commercial application is usually hindered by the high production cost and inadequate performance for electrode materials, particularly for cathodes. Na
3
(VOPO
4
)
2
F (NVOPF) has been recognized as one of the most promising cathodes for high-energy NIBs owing to the high working voltage and energy density. Here, we report a facile highly efficient room-temperature solution protocol for large-scale synthesis of NVOPF cathode for NIBs. By simply regulating pH, NVOPF can be obtained, which delivered a discharge capacity of 120.2 mAh g
-1
at 0.1 C and 72% capacity retention over 8000 cycles at 25 C. Besides, the kilogram-level NVOPF products have been synthesized, and 26650 cylindrical cells were fabricated, which exhibit excellent cycling stabilities, remarkable low-temperature performance with comparable safety features. We hope our findings could provide insights on the industrial application of NVOPF in NIBs.
Precancerous Conditions of the Lips’ Red Border
Authors: Сёмченко И.М. , Макарова О.В. , Пронорович О.Н.
Published: February 2022

В статье представлено описание многоступенчатого процесса канцерогенеза, освещены этиологические факторы и факторы риска развития онкопатологии в полости рта и на красной кайме губ. Подробно освещены диагностика, дифференциальная диагностика и профилактика при облигатных и факультативных предраках красной каймы губ. Рассмотрены основные подходы в тактике стоматологов при предраковых заболеваниях в контексте онконастороженности.

The article presents a description of the multistage process of carcinogenesis, highlights the etiological and risk factors for the development of oncopathology in the oral cavity and on the lips’ red border. Diagnostics, differential diagnostics and prevention of obligate and facultative precancer of the lips’ red border are covered in detail. The main approaches in the tactics of dentists for precancerous conditions in the context of cancer vigilance are considered.
Otonom Taşıyıcı Araçlardaki Hataların Teşhisi için Evrişimli Sinir Ağları Tabanlı Çoklu Heterojen Sensörlerin Füzyon Yöntemi
Authors: AŞIK Sergen , DENİZ Emine , ÇİNAR Eyüp
Published: February 2022

Bu çalışma, çok sensörlü veri füzyonu ve darboğaz katmanı ile optimize edilmiş evrişimli sinir ağı tabanlı otonom taşıyıcı araçlar için yeni bir hata tespit yöntemi sunmaktadır. Daha zengin öznitelikler elde etmek için tek sensörden gelen sinyal verileri yerine çoklu heterojen sensörlerden gelen sinyal verilerini resimlere dönüştüren bir dönüştürme yönteminden yararlanılmıştır. Çoklu heterojen sensör verilerinin dönüşümü ile elde edilen resimler kullanılarak yeni bir evrişimli sinir ağı oluşturulmuştur. Önerilen yaklaşımın etkinliğini doğrulamak için otonom taşıyıcı araç kullanılarak sensörlerden veriler toplanmış ve gerçek bir fiziksel ortamda çeşitli hata senaryoları oluşturulmuştur. Tek sensör kullanarak ortalama %85 ve çoklu heterojen sensör kullanılarak ortalama %93 hata tahmin doğruluğu elde edilmiştir. Sonuçlarda gösterildiği gibi önerilen evrişimli sinir ağı, daha yüksek tanıma doğruluğu elde etmektedir.
Kırkgeçit Formasyonu’nun Bartoniyen-Priyaboniyen İri Bentik Foraminifer Topluluğu ve Ortamsal Yorumu, Elazığ, Türkiye
Authors: KAYĞILI Sibel
Published: February 2022

Kırkgeçit Formasyonu’nun Elazığ kuzeybatısındaki yüzeylemelerinde gerçekleştirilen bu çalışmada, Nummulites cf. garganicus Tellini, Nummulites fabianii (Prever in Fabiani), Nummulites ex. gr. perforatus (De Montfort), Nummulites striatus (Bruguière), Operculina ex. gr. gomezi Colom  Bauzà, Orbitoclypeus zitteli (Checchia-Rispoli), Asterocyclina ferrandezi Özcan  Less, Sphaerogypsina globulus (Reuss), Gypsina cf. mastelensis Bursch, Asterigerina rotula (Kaufmann), Gyroidinella magna (Le Calvez), Halkyardia minima (Liebus), Fabiania cassis (Oppenheim), Chapmanina gassinensis (Silvestri), Linderina brugesi Schlumberger, Silvestriella tetraedra (Gümbel), Praerhapydionina delicata Henson, Penarchaias glynnjonesi (Henson), Planorbulina brönnimanni Bignot  Decrouez, Alveolina sp., Calcarina sp., Heterostegina? sp., Halkyardia sp., Spirolina sp., Haddonia sp. gibi bentik foraminiferler belirlenmiştir. Retiküle nummulitlerin evrimsel gelişimi ve biyostratigrafisi bakımdan önemli bir belirteç olarak kabul edilen ortalama prolokulus iç çapı değeri Nummulites cf. garganicus için 120-125 µm, Nummulites fabianii için ise 217-270 µm olarak belirlenmiştir. Bu değerlerin, Tetis bölgesi sığ denizel Eosen istiflerinden elde edilen değerlerle uyumluluk gösterdiği ortaya konulmuştur. Belirlenen iri bentik foraminifer içeriğine göre, çalışma alanındaki istife Bartoniyen-Priyaboniyen yaşı verilmiştir. Porselenimsi bentik foraminiferler şelfin iç kısmında daha baskınken, hiyalin bentik foraminiferler ise şelfin orta bölümünde daha fazla bulunur. Depolanma ortamının da şelfin iç ve orta bölümleri olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır.
Arşimet Optimizasyon Algoritması ile Trafo Tabanlı Evrişimsel Sinir Ağı Modelini Kullanarak Yazılım Tanımlı Ağ Teknolojisi Verilerinde Saldırı Tespiti
Authors: TOĞAÇAR Mesut
Published: February 2022

Son zamanlarda insanların teknoloji cihazları kullanarak günlük işlerini idame etmesindeki oran artmıştır. Akıllı cihazların birbirleriyle iletişim sağlayabildiği şu zamanda nesnelerin interneti kavramı ortaya çıkmıştır. Bütün bu gelişmeler insan hayatını daha da kolaylaştırırken diğer taraftan verilerin iletimini güvenli bir şekilde aktarılmasını sağlayabilen sistemlerin tasarlanmasını zorunlu hale getirmiştir. Bu çalışmada yazılım tanımlı ağ verilerinde saldırı tespitini gerçekleştirebilen yapay zekâ tabanlı hibrit bir yaklaşım geliştirilmiştir. Veri kümesi normal, dağıtılmış hizmet reddi, kaba kuvvet saldırıları, siteler arası betik çalıştırma ve SQL enjeksiyon ağ saldırı türlerini içermektedir. Önerilen yaklaşımda ön işlem adımı olarak Arşimet optimizasyon algoritması kullanılmıştır. Arşimet optimizasyon algoritması sayesinde veri kümesindeki verimli özelliklerin seçimi gerçekleştirilmiştir. Ardından trafo tabanlı evrişimsel sinir ağı modeli kullanılarak veri kümesi eğitilmiştir. Ağ trafiğinin normal veya saldırı tespitinde softmax yöntemi sınıflandırıcı olarak kullanılmıştır. Bu çalışmanın deneysel analizinde %98,94 genel doğruluk başarısı elde edilmiştir.
Diyabet Hastalıkları İçin GA-DÇF-UÖM Tabanlı Uzman Tanı Sistemi
Authors: DOĞANTEKİN Akif , BAL Cafer
Published: February 2022

Uç Öğrenme Makinesi (UÖM), regresyon ve sınıflandırma problemleri için yeni bir alandır. Bu çalışmada diyabet teşhisi için Genetik Algoritma-Dalgacık Çekirdek Fonksiyonu-Uç Öğrenme Makinesi (GA-DFÇ-UÖM) yöntemi kullanılmıştır. GA, UÖM' nin gizli nöron sayısını (GNS) ve Dalgacık Çekirdek Fonksiyonu (DÇF)' nin q, t, j parametre değerlerini optimize etmek için kullanılır. Ayrıca DFÇ-UÖM' nin sınıflandırma performansını artırmak için Genetik Algoritma (GA) kullanılmaktadır. Diyabet Veri Seti (DVS) toplam 768 vaka içermektedir. Bu deneysel çalışmada kullanılan veri seti, UCI veri setinden alınan gerçek diyabet verilerinden oluşmaktadır. Veri seti, DFÇ-UÖM' nin eğitimi ve testi için kullanılır. Sağlıklı ve diyabetik hasta bilgilerinin özellik vektörü, DFÇ-UÖM sınıflandırıcısına girdi olarak sağlanır. Önerilen GA-DFÇ-UÖM yönteminin en başarılı sınıflandırma doğruluğu %98,3 olarak bulunmuştur. Bu başarıya dayalı olarak dalgacık çekirdek fonksiyonunun (DFÇ) q, t, j parametrelerinin değerleri 8, 9 ve 7 olarak bulunmuş ve GNS 140 olmuştur.
Derin Öğrenme Modellerinde Komşuluk Bileşen Analizi Yöntemi Kullanarak Çiçek Görüntülerinin Sınıflandırılması
Authors: BİNGOL Harun
Published: February 2022

Çiçekler tıpkı insanlar ve hayvanlar gibi doğanın yeri doldurulamaz canlılarıdır. Çiçekler birçok hastalığın tedavisinde tıp uzmanları tarafından kullanılmaktadır. İlaç şirketleri büyük araştırma laboratuvarlarında ilaç üretmek için devasa bütçeler ayırarak bu çiçek türleri üzerine araştırma yapmaktadırlar. Bazı çiçekleri gördüğümüz zaman hemen tanırız fakat doğada bizim bildiğimizden çok daha fazla çiçek türü mevcuttur. Hatta günümüzde hiç tanınmamış çiçek türleri bile vardır. Bu çalışmada çiçek türleri üzerine çalışan araştırmacıların, çiçek türlerini tespit etme işlerini kolaylaştırmak amacıyla çiçek görüntüleri derin öğrenme metotları kullanarak sınıflandırılmıştır. Derin öğrenme yöntemleri son zamanlarda özellikle görüntü işlemede yaygın bir şekilde kullanılmakta ve oldukça etkili sonuçlar vermektedir. Bu çalışmada altı farklı derin öğrenme yöntemi kullanılmıştır. İlk aşamada, önceden eğitilmiş Alexnet, Googlenet, Shufflenet, Efficientnetb0, Resnet50 ve Inceptionv3 mimarileri ile sınıflandırma işlemi yapılmıştır. İkinci aşamada ise bu altı mimariden elde edilen özellik haritaları KBA (Komşuluk bileşen analizi) yöntemi ile optimize edildikten sonra ayrı ayrı makine öğrenmesi sınıflandırıcılarında sınıflandırılmıştır. Üçüncü aşamada, önceden eğitilmiş bu altı derin öğrenme modelini kullanarak veri setindeki çiçek görüntülerinin özellik haritaları çıkarılmıştır. Bu altı derin öğrenme mimarisinden üç tanesi kullanılarak elde edilen özellik haritaları birleştirilmiştir. Daha sonra bu özelliklere algoritmanın çalışma zamanını kısaltmak için KBA metodu uygulanarak gereksiz özellikler çıkarılmış ve optimize edilmiştir. Optimize edilmiş olan özellik haritası klasik makine öğrenmesi sınıflandırıcılarında sınıflandırılmıştır. Deneysel çalışmalarımız sonucunda önermiş olduğumuz modelin doğruluk oranı yüzde 93.49’dur.
Kronik Böbrek Hastalığının Teşhisi İçin Genetik Algoritma Dalgacık Çekirdeği Uç Öğrenme Makinesine Dayalı Uzman Bir Sistem
Authors: AVCI Derya , DOĞANTEKİN Akif
Published: February 2022

Böbrekler, sağlıklı bir yaşam sürdürebilmemiz için gerekli olan bir takım işlevleri yerine getirmektedir. Kronik Böbrek Hastalığı (KBH), böbreklerin görevini yerine getiremediği durumlarda ortaya çıkmaktadır. KBH verileri UCI makine öğrenimi veri tabanından alınmıştır. KBH veri seti 400 kişiye ait 24 farklı özellikten oluşmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, KBH tanısı için Genetik Algoritma - Dalgacık Çekirdeği – Uç Öğrenme Makinesi (GA-DÇ-UÖM) yöntemi uygulanmıştır. Geliştirilen DÇ-UÖM sınıflandırıcısı, KBH verilerini sınıflandırmak için kullanılmıştır. GA, UÖM 'nin gizli katman nöron sayısını ve Dalgacık Çekirdeğinin k, l, m parametre değerlerini optimize etmek için kullanılmıştır. Ayrıca, DÇ-UÖM 'nin sınıflandırma performansını artırmak için GA uygulanmaktadır. 400*24 öznitelik vektörü, DÇ-UÖM sınıflandırıcısına girdi olarak verilmiştir. GA-DÇ-UÖM 'nin başarısı, sınıflandırma doğruluğu, duyarlılık ve özgüllük analizi kullanılarak hesaplanmıştır. Önerilen GA-DÇ-UÖM yönteminin sınıflandırma başarısı %98,42 olarak hesaplanmıştır. Dalgacık çekirdek fonksiyonunun k, l, m parametrelerinin optimal değerleri sırasıyla 5, 3 ve 12 olarak bulunmuştur. Gizli katman nöron sayısının optimum değeri 220 olarak bulunmuştur.
Küresel Optimizasyon için Gauss Kaotik Haritası ile Kartal Optimizasyonu
Authors: AYDEMİR Salih Berkan
Published: February 2022

Bu çalışmada kartal (Aquila) optimizasyon algoritmasındaki rastgele değişkenler, Gauss kaotik haritası ile değiştirilmektedir. Kaotik haritaların tekrar edilememezlik özelliği ile küresel optimum noktaya yakınsama durumu incelenmektedir. Gauss kaotik haritası, çözüm uzayının farklı noktalarını ele alıp, algoritmanın yerel optimum noktada takılmasını önleyebilmektedir. Önerilen kaotik kartal optimizasyonu 13 kıyaslamalı test fonksiyonu üzerinde test edilmiştir. 13 test fonksiyonu içerisinde, 12 test fonksiyonunda yeni Gauss tabanlı kaotik kartal optimizasyonunun klasik kartal optimizasyonuna göre daha iyi yakınsama gösterdiği görülmüştür. Ek olarak önerilen kaotik tabanlı kartal optimizasyonu ile üç test fonksiyonunda, küresel optimum noktaya yakınsamaktadır. Önerilen algoritma ve klasik algoritmanın yakınsama eğrileri, grafikler halinde özetlenmiştir.
EEG Analizi için CCCII+ Tabanlı Bant Geçiren Filtre Tasarımı
Authors: TEKİN Kübra , GÜLER Hasan
Published: February 2022

Biyomedikal sinyaller, küçük genlikli ve spektrumu alçak frekanslar bölgesinde olan gürültülü işaretlerdir. Biyomedikal sinyallerin analizinde genellikle işlemsel kuvvetlendiriciler (OP-AMP) ile tasarlanan aktif filtreler kullanılmaktadır. Günümüzde OP-AMP’ların alternatifi olarak akım taşıyıcılar sunulmuş ve akım taşıyıcıların OP-AMP’lara göre birçok avantajı olduğu saptanmıştır. Bu çalışmada ise bir EEG sinyali için hem OP-AMP hem de ikinci nesil akım kontrollü akım taşıyıcı (CCCII+) kullanılarak iki farklı bant geçiren filtre tasarlanmıştır. Bant geçiren filtre devreleri için bant aralığı 0,5-30 Hz seçilmiştir. Bu devrelerin tasarımı için ORCAD Pspice programı kullanılmış olup benzetim sonuçları elde edilmiştir. Tasarlanan filtrelerin girişine Boon Üniversitesinden alınan epilepsi hastalarına ve sağlıklı kişilere ait ham EEG verileri uygulanmıştır. EEG sinyalinin tasarlanan iki filtreye uygulanması sonucunda sinyallere Fourier Analizi uygulanmış olup sinyallerdeki değişimler ve EEG dalgaları (δ, θ, α, β, γ) incelenmiştir. Her iki sinyal için de OP-AMP devresine göre CCCII+ ile tasarlanan filtrede sönümlemenin daha iyi olduğu saptanmıştır. Bu tasarlanan iki filtre devresi, EEG ölçümlerinde kullanılması durumunda CCCII+ filtre devresinin epilepsi gibi hastalıkların tanısında daha iyi sonuçlar vereceği öngörülmüştür.
PERFIL EPIDEMIOLÓGICO DOS PACIENTES INTERNADOS POR DOENÇA DE PARKINSON NO BRASIL NO ANO DE 2020
Authors: Andrade Ferreira Mateus , Victor Queiroga Barreto Caio , Samuel Estrela Dantas Francisco , Diógenes Bastos Bezerra Árnem , da Silva Alves Matheus , Guilherme Ferreira Marques Galvão José
Published: February 2022

Objetivo: Identificar o perfil epidemiológico dos pacientes internados por Doença de Parkinson no Brasil no ano de 2020. Metodologia: Trata-se de uma pesquisa documental e retrospectiva, com abordagem quantitativa, que utilizou como fonte de dados secundários as informações contidas no DataSUS, - Informações de saúde - Epidemiológicas e Morbidade - Internações - Por local de internação. O período analisado foi o de janeiro de 2020 a dezembro de 2020. Para seleção dos casos, se utilizou o Lista de Morbidade CID-10: Doença de Parkinson, bem como a Projeção da População do Brasil e Unidades da Federação por sexo e idade do Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística para os anos de 2010 a 2060 feita em 2018, a análise se deu por proporção, média e razão. Resultados: Os dados encontrados no sistema demonstraram uma prevalência dos casos em pessoas de raça branca, seguida pelas raças parda, negra, amarela e nenhum caso relatado na população indígena. Houve um aumento nos casos de Parkinson que acompanham o aumento da idade dos pacientes com seu pico de prevalência acima de 80 anos tanto para homens como para mulheres. Os números encontrados mostram um maior número de casos de doença de Parkinson na população masculina (3,43 casos por 100.00 hab.) em comparação com a população feminina (2,69 casos por 100.00 hab.). Conclusão: Os resultados encontrados demonstraram que a Doença de Parkinson no Brasil afeta, em sua maioria, pessoas de raça branca. Soma-se a isso uma maior prevalência em pessoas de idade avançada que também possuem quadros mais graves da doença. Por fim, foram encontradas evidências que o público masculino está mais susceptível a desenvolver a doença, fato atribuído principalmente a ausência do hormônio estrogênio que possui ação protetora das células neuronais

Palavras Chave: Doença de Parkinson, Epidemiologia, Perfil de Saúde.