bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dynamics of the cell fate specifications during female gametophyte development in Arabidopsis
Authors: Susaki Daichi , Suzuki Takamasa , Maruyama Daisuke , Ueda Minako , Higashiyama Tetsuya , Kurihara Daisuke
Published: March 2021

The female gametophytes of angiosperms contain cells with distinct functions, such as those that enable reproduction via pollen tube attraction and fertilization. Although the female gametophyte undergoes unique developmental processes, such as several rounds of nuclear division without cell plate formation and final cellularization, it remains unknown when and how the cell fate is determined during development. Here, we visualized the living dynamics of female gametophyte development and performed transcriptome analysis of individual cell types to assess the cell fate specifications inArabidopsis thaliana. We recorded time lapses of the nuclear dynamics and cell plate formation from the 1-nucleate stage to the 7-cell stage after cellularization using an in vitro ovule culture system. The movies showed that the nuclear division occurred along the micropylar–chalazal (distal–proximal) axis. During cellularization, the polar nuclei migrated while associating with the forming edge of the cell plate, and then, migrated toward each other to fuse linearly. We also tracked the gene expression dynamics and identified that the expression ofMYB98pro::GFP–MYB98, a synergid-specific marker, was initiated just after cellularization in the synergid, egg, and central cells and was then restricted to the synergid cells. This indicated that cell fates are determined immediately after cellularization. Transcriptome analysis of the female gametophyte cells of the wild-type andmyb98mutant revealed that themyb98synergid cells had egg cell–like gene expression profiles. Although inmyb98, egg cell–specific gene expression was properly initiated in the egg cells only after cellularization, but subsequently expressed ectopically in one of the 2 synergid cells. These results, together with the various initiation timings of the egg cell–specific genes, suggest complex regulation of the individual gametophyte cells, such as cellularization-triggered fate initiation, MYB98-dependent fate maintenance, cell morphogenesis, and organelle positioning. Our system of live-cell imaging and cell type–specific gene expression analysis provides insights into the dynamics and mechanisms of cell fate specifications in the development of female gametophytes in plants.
A transcription-centric model of SNP-age interaction
Authors: Wang Kun , Basu Mahashweta , Malin Justin , Hannenhalli Sridhar
Published: March 2021

Complex age-associated phenotypes are caused, in part, by an interaction between an individual’s genotype and age. The mechanisms governing such interactions are however not entirely understood. Here, we provide a novel transcriptional mechanism-based framework–SNiPage, to investigate such interactions, whereby a transcription factor (TF) whose expression changes with age (age-associated TF), binds to a polymorphic regulatory element in an allele-dependent fashion, rendering the target gene’s expression dependent on both, the age and the genotype. Applying SNiPage to GTEx, we detected ~637 significant TF-SNP-Gene triplets on average across 25 tissues, where the TF binds to a regulatory SNP in the gene’s promoter or putative enhancer and potentially regulates its expression in an age- and allele-dependent fashion. The detected SNPs are enriched for epigenomic marks indicative of regulatory activity, exhibit allele-specific chromatin accessibility, and spatial proximity to their putative gene targets. Furthermore, the TF-SNP interaction-dependent target genes have established links to aging and to age-associated diseases. In six hypertension-implicated tissues, detected interactions significantly inform hypertension state of an individual. Lastly, the age-interacting SNPs exhibit a greater proximity to the reported phenotype/diseases-associated SNPs than eSNPs identified in an interaction-independent fashion. Overall, we present a novel mechanism-based model, and a novel framework SNiPage, to identify functionally relevant SNP-age interactions in transcriptional control and illustrate their potential utility in understanding complex age-associated phenotypes.
Priapism following a juvenile Russell’s viper bite: An unusual case report
Authors: Senthilkumaran Subramanian , Williams Harry F. , Patel Ketan , Trim Steven A. , Thirumalaikolundusubramanian Ponniah , Vaiyapuri Sakthivel
Published: March 2021

Following a bite from a juvenile Russell’s viper (Daboia russelii), a priapism (painful erection) developed rapidly in a 16-year-old male and only subsided after administration of antivenom 3 hours later. Potential mechanisms for this snakebite-induced priapism are unclear but likely due to venom toxins causing nitric oxide (NO) release and subsequent vasodilation of endothelium in the corpus cavernosum, although the possible involvement of other mechanisms cannot be ruled out. We strongly believe that this unusual case report may lead to further scientific research in order to improve the clinical understanding of the pathophysiology of envenomation due to Russell’s viper bites. Although it is too early to speculate, further research may also discover the possibilities of developing venom-based candidate molecules to treat sexual dysfunction in males and females.
Genomic variation and epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2 importation and early circulation in Israel
Authors: Zuckerman Neta S. , Bucris Efrat , Drori Yaron , Erster Oran , Sofer Danit , Pando Rakefet , Mendelson Ella , Mor Orna , Mandelboim Michal
Published: March 2021

Severe acute respiratory disease coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) which causes corona virus disease (COVID-19) was first identified in Wuhan, China in December 2019 and has since led to a global pandemic. Importations of SARS-CoV-2 to Israel in late February from multiple countries initiated a rapid outbreak across the country. In this study, SARS-CoV-2 whole genomes were sequenced from 59 imported samples with a recorded country of importation and 101 early circulating samples in February to mid-March 2020 and analyzed to infer clades and mutational patterns with additional sequences identified Israel available in public databases. Recorded importations in February to mid-March, mostly from Europe, led to multiple transmissions in all districts in Israel. Although all SARS-CoV-2 defined clades were imported, clade 20C became the dominating clade in the circulating samples. Identification of novel, frequently altered mutated positions correlating with clade-defining positions provide data for surveillance of this evolving pandemic and spread of specific clades of this virus. SARS-CoV-2 continues to spread and mutate in Israel and across the globe. With economy and travel resuming, surveillance of clades and accumulating mutations is crucial for understanding its evolution and spread patterns and may aid in decision making concerning public health issues.
Date pits based nanomaterials for thermal insulation applications—Towards energy efficient buildings in Qatar
Authors: Al Marri Moza Ghorab , Al-Ghouti Mohammad A. , Shunmugasamy Vasanth C. , Zouari Nabil
Published: March 2021

Air-conditioning systems make the most significant part of energy consumption in the residential sector. There is no denying that it is essential to produce a comfortable indoor thermal environment for residents in a building. The actual goal is to achieve thermal comfort level without putting too much cost on the ecological system by trying to conserve the amount of energy consumed. An effective way to help achieve such a goal is by incorporating thermal insulation in buildings. Thermal insulations help reduce thermal energy gained during the implementation of a desired thermal comfort level. This study aims to use an environmentally friendly nanoparticle of date pits to create thermal insulations that can be used in buildings. Different ratios of the nanoparticle of the date pits and sand composite were investigated. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy were used to characterize the new materials. The material with nanoparticles of date pits and 50% by-volume epoxy provided good thermal insulation with thermal conductivity of 0.26 W⁄mK that could be used in the existing buildings. This has the potential to reduce the overall energy consumption by 4,494 kWh and thereby reduce CO2 emissions of a 570 m2 house by 1.8 tons annually. In conclusion, the future of using nanoparticles of date pits in construction is bright and promising due to their promising results.
Comparative population genomic analyses of transporters within the Asgard archaeal superphylum
Authors: Russum Steven , Lam Katie Jing Kay , Wong Nicholas Alan , Iddamsetty Vasu , Hendargo Kevin J. , Wang Jianing , Dubey Aditi , Zhang Yichi , Medrano-Soto Arturo , Saier Milton H.
Published: March 2021

Upon discovery of the first archaeal species in the 1970s, life has been subdivided into three domains: Eukarya, Archaea, and Bacteria. However, the organization of the three-domain tree of life has been challenged following the discovery of archaeal lineages such as the TACK and Asgard superphyla. The Asgard Superphylum has emerged as the closest archaeal ancestor to eukaryotes, potentially improving our understanding of the evolution of life forms. We characterized the transportomes and their substrates within four metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs), that is, Odin-, Thor-, Heimdall- and Loki-archaeota as well as the fully sequenced genome ofCandidatusPrometheoarchaeum syntrophicum strain MK-D1 that belongs to the Loki phylum. Using the Transporter Classification Database (TCDB) as reference, candidate transporters encoded within the proteomes were identified based on sequence similarity, alignment coverage, compatibility of hydropathy profiles, TMS topologies and shared domains. Identified transport systems were compared within the Asgard superphylum as well as within dissimilar eukaryotic, archaeal and bacterial organisms. From these analyses, we infer that Asgard organisms rely mostly on the transport of substrates driven by the proton motive force (pmf), the proton electrochemical gradient which then can be used for ATP production and to drive the activities of secondary carriers. The results indicate that Asgard archaea depend heavily on the uptake of organic molecules such as lipid precursors, amino acids and their derivatives, and sugars and their derivatives. Overall, the majority of the transporters identified are more similar to prokaryotic transporters than eukaryotic systems although several instances of the reverse were documented. Taken together, the results support the previous suggestions that the Asgard superphylum includes organisms that are largely mixotrophic and anaerobic but more clearly define their metabolic potential while providing evidence regarding their relatedness to eukaryotes.
Induction of interferon-β and interferon signaling by TRAIL and Smac mimetics via caspase-8 in breast cancer cells
Authors: Granqvist Victoria , Holmgren Christian , Larsson Christer
Published: March 2021

Breast cancer prognosis is frequently good but a substantial number of patients suffer from relapse. The death receptor ligand TRAIL can in combination with Smac mimetics induce apoptosis in some luminal-like ER-positive breast cancer cell lines, such as CAMA-1, but not in MCF-7 cells. Here we show that TRAIL and the Smac mimetic LCL161 induce non-canonical NF-κB and IFN signaling in ER-positive MCF-7 cells and in CAMA-1 breast cancer cells when apoptosis is blocked by caspase inhibition. Levels of p52 are increased and STAT1 gets phosphorylated. STAT1 phosphorylation is induced by TRAIL alone in MCF-7 cells and is independent of non-canonical NF-κB since downregulation of NIK has no effect. The phosphorylation of STAT1 is a rather late event, appearing after 24 hours of TRAIL stimulation. It is preceded by an increase in IFNB1 mRNA levels and can be blocked by siRNA targeting the type I IFN receptor IFNAR1 and by inhibition of Janus kinases by Ruxolitinib. Moreover, downregulation of caspase-8, but not inhibition of caspase activity, blocks TRAIL-mediated STAT1 phosphorylation and induction of IFN-related genes. The data suggest that TRAIL-induced IFNB1 expression in MCF-7 cells is dependent on a non-apoptotic role of caspase-8 and leads to autocrine interferon-β signaling.
Health and social impacts of California wildfires and the deficiencies in current recovery resources: An exploratory qualitative study of systems-level issues
Authors: Rosenthal Annie , Stover Eric , Haar Rohini J.
Published: March 2021

Background

Wildfires in California have become more deadly and destructive in recent years, and four of the ten most destructive fires occurred in 2017 and 2018. Through interviews with service providers, this article explores how these recent wildfires have impacted surrounding communities and the role various recovery resources have played in responding to the short- and long-term health and social needs of survivors.

Methods

Using a purposive sampling methodology, we interviewed 21 health and social service personnel who assisted in wildfire recovery efforts in California in 2017 and 2018. The study participants worked or volunteered in medical facilities, social services agencies and philanthropy/nonprofit organizations located in communities affected by wildfires. Participants were asked about three common, overarching themes that fire-impacted communities navigate post-disaster: health issues, social issues, and response and recovery resources. Inductive coding was used to identify common subthemes.

Results

The two most frequently discussed social issues during interviews were housing and employment access. Mental and emotional well-being and access to health resources were identified as being the most challenging health concerns that survivors face post-disaster. Participants also identified the following private and public recovery resources that survivors use to attempt to restabilize following the fire: community support, county agencies, the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA,) insurance companies and philanthropic organizations. However, participants noted that the cumulative impacts of these efforts still leave many of their patients and clients without the resources needed to restabilize emotionally, financially and physically. Finally, participants spoke about the community-wide, downstream impacts of wildfires, noting that “survivors” are not only those whose health is immediately compromised by the disaster.

Conclusion

Given the worsening wildfire seasons in California, we must increase our understanding of both the scope of the health and social issues that survivors navigate following a disaster, as well as the effectiveness and sustainability of recovery resources available to survivors. We must also understand the “ripple effect” that wildfires have on surrounding communalities, impacting housing access, social services, and health care access. More research and support, especially during the current COVID-19 pandemic, is urgently needed to improve our ability to support the health and social needs of wildfire survivors in the future.
The experiences, challenges, and acceptance of e-learning as a tool for teaching during the COVID-19 pandemic among university medical staff
Authors: Zalat Marwa Mohamed , Hamed Mona Sami , Bolbol Sarah Abdelhalim
Published: March 2021

Background

e-learning was underutilized in the past especially in developing countries. However, the current crisis of the COVID-19 pandemic forced the entire world to rely on it for education.

Objectives

To estimate the university medical staff perceptions, evaluate their experiences, recognize their barriers, challenges of e-learning during the COVID-19 pandemic, and investigate factors influencing the acceptance and use of e-learning as a tool teaching within higher education.

Methods

Data was collected using an electronic questionnaire with a validated Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) for exploring factors that affect the acceptance and use of e-learning as a teaching tool among medical staff members, Zagazig University, Egypt.

Results

The majority (88%) of the staff members agreed that the technological skills of giving the online courses increase the educational value of the experience of the college staff. The rate of participant agreement on perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and acceptance of e-learning was (77.1%, 76.5%, and 80.9% respectively). The highest barriers to e-learning were insufficient/ unstable internet connectivity (40%), inadequate computer labs (36%), lack of computers/ laptops (32%), and technical problems (32%). Younger age, teaching experience less than 10 years, and being a male are the most important indicators affecting e-learning acceptance.

Conclusion

This study highlights the challenges and factors influencing the acceptance, and use of e-learning as a tool for teaching within higher education. Thus, it will help to develop a strategic plan for the successful implementation of e-learning and view technology as a positive step towards evolution and change.
Simple circuit equivalents for the constant phase element
Authors: Holm Sverre , Holm Thomas , Martinsen Ørjan Grøttem
Published: March 2021

The constant phase element (CPE) is a capacitive element with a frequency-independent negative phase between current and voltage which interpolates between a capacitor and a resistor. It is used extensively to model the complexity of the physics in e.g. the bioimpedance and electrochemistry fields. There is also a similar element with a positive phase angle, and both the capacitive and inductive CPEs are members of the family of fractional circuit elements or fractance. The physical meaning of the CPE is only partially understood and many consider it an idealized circuit element. The goal here is to provide alternative equivalent circuits, which may give rise to better interpretations of the fractance. Both the capacitive and the inductive CPEs can be interpreted in the time-domain, where the impulse and step responses are temporal power laws. Here we show that the current impulse responses of the capacitive CPE is the same as that of a simple time-varying series RL-circuit where the inductor’s value increases linearly with time. Similarly, the voltage response of the inductive CPE corresponds to that of a simple parallel RC circuit where the capacitor’s value increases linearly with time. We use the Micro-Cap circuit simulation program, which can handle time-varying circuits, for independent verification. The simulation corresponds exactly to the expected response from the proposed equivalents within 0.1% error. The realization with time-varying components correlates with known time-varying properties in applications, and may lead to a better understanding of the link between CPE and applications.
Organic synthesis and anti-influenza A virus activity of cyclobakuchiols A, B, C, and D
Authors: Shoji Masaki , Esumi Tomoyuki , Tanaka Narue , Takeuchi Misa , Yamaji Saki , Watanabe Mihiro , Takahashi Etsuhisa , Kido Hiroshi , Yamamoto Masayuki , Kuzuhara Takashi
Published: March 2021

Novel antiviral agents for influenza, which poses a substantial threat to humans, are required. Cyclobakuchiols A and B have been isolated from Psoralea glandulosa, and cyclobakuchiol C has been isolated from P. corylifolia. The structural differences between cyclobakuchiol A and C arise due to the oxidation state of isopropyl group, and these compounds can be derived from (+)-(S)-bakuchiol, a phenolic isoprenoid compound present in P. corylifolia seeds. We previously reported that bakuchiol induces enantiospecific anti-influenza A virus activity involving nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) activation. However, it remains unclear whether cyclobakuchiols A–C induce anti-influenza A virus activity. In this study, cyclobakuchiols A, B, and C along with cyclobakuchiol D, a new artificial compound derived from cyclobakuchiol B, were synthesized and examined for their anti-influenza A virus activities using Madin-Darby canine kidney cells. As a result, cyclobakuchiols A–D were found to inhibit influenza A viral infection, growth, and the reduction of expression of viral mRNAs and proteins in influenza A virus-infected cells. Additionally, these compounds markedly reduced the mRNA expression of the host cell influenza A virus-induced immune response genes, interferon-β and myxovirus-resistant protein 1. In addition, cyclobakuchiols A–D upregulated the mRNA levels of NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase 1, an Nrf2-induced gene, in influenza A virus-infected cells. Notably, cyclobakuchiols A, B, and C, but not D, induced the Nrf2 activation pathway. These findings demonstrate that cyclobakuchiols have anti-influenza viral activity involving host cell oxidative stress response. In addition, our results suggest that the suitably spatial configuration between oxidized isopropyl group and phenol moiety in the structure of cyclobakuchiols is required for their effect.
Influenza vaccine effectiveness against influenza A in children based on the results of various rapid influenza tests in the 2018/19 season
Authors: Shinjoh Masayoshi , Sugaya Norio , Yamaguchi Yoshio , Ookawara Ichiro , Nakata Yuji , Narabayashi Atsushi , Furuichi Munehiro , Yoshida Naoko , Kamei Akinobu , Kuramochi Yuu , Shibata Akimichi , Shimoyamada Motoko , Nakazaki Hisataka , Maejima Naohiko , Yuasa Erika , Araki Eriko , Maeda Naonori , Ohnishi Takuma , Nishida Mitsuhiro , Taguchi Nobuhiko , Yoshida Makoto , Tsunematsu Kenichiro , Shibata Meiwa , Hirano Yasuhiro , Sekiguchi Shinichiro , Kawakami Chiharu , Mitamura Keiko , Takahashi Takao
Published: March 2021

During influenza epidemics, Japanese clinicians routinely conduct rapid influenza diagnostic tests (RIDTs) in patients with influenza-like illness, and patients with positive test results are treated with anti-influenza drugs within 48 h after the onset of illness. We assessed the vaccine effectiveness (VE) of inactivated influenza vaccine (IIV) in children (6 months–15 years old, N = 4243), using a test-negative case-control design based on the results of RIDTs in the 2018/19 season. The VE against influenza A(H1N1)pdm and A(H3N2) was analyzed separately using an RIDT kit specifically for detecting A(H1N1)pdm09. The adjusted VE against combined influenza A (H1N1pdm and H3N2) and against A(H1N1)pdm09 was 39% (95% confidence interval [CI], 30%–46%) and 74% (95% CI, 39%–89%), respectively. By contrast, the VE against non-A(H1N1)pdm09 influenza A (presumed to be H3N2) was very low at 7%. The adjusted VE for preventing hospitalization was 56% (95% CI, 16%–77%) against influenza A. The VE against A(H1N1)pdm09 was consistently high in our studies. By contrast, the VE against A(H3N2) was low not only in adults but also in children in the 2018/19 season.
Predicting school students’ physical activity intentions in leisure-time and school recess contexts: Testing an integrated model based on self-determination theory and theory of planned behavior
Authors: Pasi Heidi , Lintunen Taru , Leskinen Esko , Hagger Martin S.
Published: March 2021

Background

Identifying psychological correlates of children’s physical activity intentions may signpost potentially modifiable targets for interventions aimed at promoting physical activity participation. School recess and leisure-time outside of school are appropriate contexts in which such interventions may be delivered. However, few studies have identified correlates of physical activity intentions in these environments. Examining correlates in these contexts may provide formative evidence on which to base interventions to promote physical activity.

Purpose

The current study adopted an integrated theoretical model to test relations between motivational constructs from self-determination theory, social cognition constructs from the theory of planned behavior, and physical activity intentions in leisure-time and school recess contexts.

Methods

Finnish school children (N= 845,Mage = 13.93,SD= 0.99) from three lower-secondary schools completed self-report measures of perceived autonomy support by peers, autonomous and controlled motivation, attitudes, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, and physical activity intentions for both contexts.

Results

Well-fitting structural equation models controlling for past behavior indicated that autonomous motivation in the school recess context and attitude in both contexts were the most pervasive predictors of physical activity intentions, and mediated the relationship between perceived autonomy support and intentions. Multi-group analyses supported invariance of the models in both contexts across gender, grades, and school, with few variations.

Conclusions

The current study supports relations between motivational and social cognition correlates of children’s physical activity intentions in school recess and leisure-time contexts. Future research should extend these findings to the prediction of follow-up participation in physical activity.
TBDBT: A TB DataBase Template for collection of harmonized TB clinical research data in REDCap, facilitating data standardisation for inter-study comparison and meta-analyses
Authors: Allie Taryn , Jackson Amanda , Ambler Jon , Johnston Katherine , Du Bruyn Elsa , Schultz Charlotte , Boloko Linda , Wasserman Sean , Davis Angharad , Meintjes Graeme , Wilkinson Robert J. , Tiffin Nicki
Published: March 2021

Clinical tuberculosis research, both within research groups and across research ecosystems, is often undertaken in isolation using bespoke data collection platforms and applying differing data conventions. This failure to harmonise clinical phenotype data or apply standardised data collection and storage standards in turn limits the opportunity to undertake meta-analyses using data generated across multiple research projects for the same research domain. We have developed the Tuberculosis DataBase Template (TBDBT), a template for the well-supported, free and commonly deployed clinical databasing platform, REDCap. This template can be used to set up a new tuberculosis research database with a built-in set of standardised data conventions, to ensure standardised data capture across research projects and programs. A modular design enables researchers to implement only the modules of the database template that are appropriate for their particular study. The template includes core modules for informed consent data, participant demographics, clinical symptoms and presentation, diagnostic imaging and laboratory tests. Optional modules have been designed for visit scheduling and calendar functionality, clinical trial randomisation, study logistics and operations, and pharmacokinetic data. Additional fields can be added as needed. This REDCap template can facilitate collection of high-quality data for tuberculosis research, providing a tool to ensure better data harmonisation, analysis and meta-analysis.
Can vertical separation of species in trawls be utilized to reduce bycatch in shrimp fisheries?
Authors: Larsen Roger B. , Herrmann Bent , Brčić Jure , Sistiaga Manu , Cerbule Kristine , Nielsen Kåre Nolde , Jacques Nadine , Lomeli Mark J. M. , Tokaç Adnan , Cuende Elsa
Published: March 2021

Several shrimp trawl fisheries use a Nordmöre sorting grid to avoid bycatch of fish. However, small fish can pass through the grid. Therefore, the retention of juvenile fish often remains an issue during shrimp trawling. We investigated the vertical distribution of deepwater shrimp (Pandalus borealis) and dominant bycatch species at the point where the Nordmöre grid section is installed. This was achieved using a separator frame which split the net vertically into three compartments of equal entry size. Our results showed that shrimp predominately follow the lower part of the trawl belly, whereas species such as redfish (Sebastes spp.), cod (Gadus morhua), polar cod (Boreogadus saida) and American plaice (Hippoglossoides platessoides) preferred the mid-section in the aft of the trawl. Haddock (Melanogrammus aeglefinus) primarily entered through the upper section of the trawl belly. Using these results, we predict that a vertical separation device installed forward of a 19 mm Nordmöre grid combined with a 35 mm codend would result in a significant reduction in bycatch with only minor loss of shrimp.
Maternal health care services utilization amidstCOVID-19 pandemic in West Shoa zone, central Ethiopia
Authors: Temesgen Kababa , Wakgari Negash , Debelo Bikila Tefera , Tafa Belay , Alemu Getu , Wondimu Fikadu , Gudisa Tolera , Gishile Tolosa , Daba Gurmesa , Bulto Gizachew Abdissa , Soboka Bikila
Published: March 2021

The novel coronavirus (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by a newly discovered coronavirus. Despite strong efforts that have been taking place to control the pandemic globally, the virus is on the rise in many countries. Hence, this study assessed the maternal health care services utilization amidst the COVID-19 pandemic in West Shoa zone, Central Ethiopia. A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 844 pregnant women or those who gave birth in the last 6 months before the study. A multi-stage sampling technique was used to select the study participants. The data were collected through face-to-face interviews using a semi-structured questionnaire. Logistic regressions were performed to identify the presence of significant associations, and an adjusted odds ratio with 95%CI was employed for the strength and directions of association between the independent and outcome variables. A P-value of <0.05 was used to declare statistical significance. The prevalence of maternal health service utilization during the COVID-19 pandemic was 64.8%. The odds of maternal health service utilization was higher among mothers who had primary (AOR = 2.16, 95%CI: 1.29–3.60), secondary (AOR = 1.97, 95%CI: 1.13–3.44), and college and above education (AOR = 2.89, 95%CI: 1.34–6.22) than those who could not read and write. Besides, mothers who did travel 30–60 minutes (AOR = 0.37, 95%CI: 0.23–0.59) and 60-90minutes (AOR = 0.10, 95%CI: 0.05–0.19) to reach the health facility had a lower odds of maternal health service utilization than those who did travel <30 minutes. Moreover, mothers who earn 1000–2000 (AOR = 3.10, 95%CI: 1.73–5.55) and > 2000 birrs (AOR = 2.66 95%CI: 1.52–4.64) had higher odds of maternal health service utilization than those who earn <500 birrs. Similarly, the odds of utilizing maternal health service were higher among mothers who did not fear COVID-19 infection (AOR = 2.79, 95%CI: 1.85–4.20), who had not had to request permission from husband to visit the health facility (AOR = 7.24, 95%CI: 2.65–19.75), who had practicedCOVID-19 prevention measure (AOR = 5.82, 95%CI: 3.87–8.75), and used face mask (AOR = 2.06, 95% CI: 1.28–3.31) than their counterpart. Empowering mothers and creating awareness on COVID-19 preventionis recommended to improve maternal health service utilization during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Matching middle and top managers: Do gender and tenure similarities between middle and top managers affect organizational performance?
Authors: van den Oever Kornelis F.
Published: March 2021

This paper studies whether demographic similarities between middle and top managers with different tasks (strategy formation and strategy implementation) impacts organizational performance. By drawing on relational demography theory, we investigate the effect of similarity in gender, organizational tenure, and in both these demographics on the overall costs of Dutch municipalities. The main findings of this paper show that the similarity effects are interrelated: when middle and top managers diverge on only one demographic, performance is increased. Also, when leaders are similar on both demographics, performance is impaired. We conclude by discussing the implications for the literature on middle management, relational demography, and strategy formation and implementation.
Antimicrobial activities evaluation and phytochemical screening of some selected medicinal plants: A possible alternative in the treatment of multidrug-resistant microbes
Authors: Kebede Taye , Gadisa Eshetu , Tufa Abreham
Published: March 2021

Background

Four out of five individuals rely on traditional medicine for their primary healthcare needs. Medicinal plants are endowed with diverse bioactive compounds to treat multidrug-resistant (MDR) microbes. So far, a less thorough examination has been made in this regard. This study aimed to evaluate antimicrobial activity and phytochemical screening of selected medicinal plants against MDR microbes.

Methods

In vitro experimental study was carried out to evaluate antimicrobial effects and phytochemical screening ofRumex abyssinicus,Cucumis pustulatus,Discopodium penninervium,Lippia adoensis,Euphorbia depauperata,Cirsium englerianum, andPolysphaeria aethiopicaagainst MDR bacteria and fungi. Aqueous and 80% methanolic extraction methods were employed for extraction. The susceptibility test, minimum inhibitory concentration, and minimum bactericidal or fungicidal concentration were measured using disc diffusion or broth micro-dilution as per the CLSI protocols.

Result

The 80% methanolic extraction method was a preferred method to aqueous. The phytochemical constituents identified were alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, phenolic, tannins, terpenoidss, and cardiac glycosides. The hydroalcoholic extract demonstrated an appreciable antimicrobial role against MDR microbes with an MIC value of 1.0–128.0μg/ml and 11-29mm inhibition zone (IZ) in diameter. Extracts obtained fromC.englerianumandE.depauperatashowed a significant IZ ranged of 26-29mm on MRSA andStreptococcus pyogenes. MDRE.coliandK.pneumoniaeshowed 12-25mm and 23-28mm IZ in diameter, respectively.T.mentagraphyteswas susceptible to all tested extracts. Moreover,S.pyogenesandK.pneumoniaewere found the most susceptible bacteria toC.englerianum.Cirsium englerianum,L.adoensis,D.penninervium,and R.abyssinicusdemonstrated remarkable antifungal effect againstC.albicansandT.mentagrophytes, whileR.abyssinicusshowed the leading antifungal effect with 32 to 64μg/ml MIC values.

Conclusion

The plant extracts have shown appreciable antimicrobial activities comparable to the currently prescribed modern drugs tested. Accordingly, further studies on clinical efficacy trial, safety, toxicity and affordability analyses have to be instigated promptly, so as to head to the final step to synthesize precursor molecules for new effective antimicrobials.
Upper body rate of force development and maximal strength discriminates performance levels in sport climbing
Authors: Stien Nicolay , Vereide Vegard Albert , Saeterbakken Atle Hole , Hermans Espen , Shaw Matthew Peter , Andersen Vidar
Published: March 2021

The aim of this study was to assess and compare the maximal force and rate of force development (RFD) between intermediate, advanced and elite climbers using several different methods for calculating RFD. Fifty-seven male climbers (17 intermediate, 25 advanced, and 15 elite) performed isometric pull-ups on a climbing-specific hold while the RFD was calculated using several absolute (50, 100, 150, 200, and 250 ms from onset of force) and relative time periods (25, 50, 75, 95, and 100% of time to peak force). The maximal force was higher among elite climbers compared to advanced (ES = 1.78, p < 0.001) and intermediate climbers (ES = 1.77, p < 0.001), while no difference was observed between intermediate and advanced climbers (P = 0.898). The elite group also showed higher RFD than the other two groups at all relative time periods (ES = 1.02–1.58, p < 0.001–0.002), whereas the absolute time periods only revealed differences between the elite vs. the other groups at 50, 100 and 150 ms from the onset of force (ES = 0.72–0.84, p = 0.032–0.040). No differences in RFD were observed between the intermediate and advanced groups at any time period (p = 0.942–1.000). Maximal force and RFD, especially calculated using the longer periods of the force curve, may be used to distinguish elite climbers from advanced and intermediate climbers. The authors suggest using relative rather than absolute time periods when analyzing the RFD of climbers.
Functional regulation of the structure-specific endonuclease FEN1 by the human cytomegalovirus protein IE1 suggests a role for the re-initiation of stalled viral replication forks
Authors: Schilling Eva-Maria , Scherer Myriam , Rothemund Franziska , Stamminger Thomas
Published: March 2021

Flap endonuclease 1 (FEN1) is a member of the family of structure-specific endonucleases implicated in regulation of DNA damage response and DNA replication. So far, knowledge on the role of FEN1 during viral infections is limited. Previous publications indicated that poxviruses encode a conserved protein that acts in a manner similar to FEN1 to stimulate homologous recombination, double-strand break (DSB) repair and full-size genome formation. Only recently, cellular FEN1 has been identified as a key component for hepatitis B virus cccDNA formation. Here, we report on a novel functional interaction between Flap endonuclease 1 (FEN1) and the human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) immediate early protein 1 (IE1). Our results provide evidence that IE1 manipulates FEN1 in an unprecedented manner: we observed that direct IE1 binding does not only enhance FEN1 protein stability but also phosphorylation at serine 187. This correlates with nucleolar exclusion of FEN1 stimulating its DSB-generating gap endonuclease activity. Depletion of FEN1 and inhibition of its enzymatic activity during HCMV infection significantly reduced nascent viral DNA synthesis demonstrating a supportive role for efficient HCMV DNA replication. Furthermore, our results indicate that FEN1 is required for the formation of DSBs during HCMV infection suggesting that IE1 acts as viral activator of FEN1 in order to re-initiate stalled replication forks. In summary, we propose a novel mechanism of viral FEN1 activation to overcome replication fork barriers at difficult-to-replicate sites in viral genomes.
Practices of resistance: The Antwerp fashion scene and Walter Van Beirendonck’s subversion of masculinity
Authors: Brajato Nicola , Dhoest Alexander
Published: March 2021

The existing literature on the evolution of the Antwerp fashion scene is mainly concerned with the development of the Fashion Academy pedagogy from tradition to avant-garde, the role of the famous ‘Antwerp Six’ in putting the city under the international fashion spotlight, and the making of a specific cultural heritage which up to today continues to inspire young fashion designers. However, less has been said about its contribution to the redefinition of gender, and more specifically of masculinity. Consequently, the aim of the article is to contextualize Antwerp as a site for ‘creative resistance’ against the middle-class ideas of fashion, body and identity through the figure of Belgian designer Walter Van Beirendonck, articulating his contribution in deconstructing the normative understanding of the relationship between fashion and masculinity, providing a new metaphor to think about the process of body fashioning in everyday life. Therefore, Van Beirendonck’s creative practices as a sartorial form of resistance against the bourgeois understanding of masculinity and sexuality will be investigated through a qualitative analysis of visual and audio-visual archive materials generously provided by MoMu, the Antwerp fashion museum, showing how his creations are successful in stretching bodily borders and forming non-conventional masculinities. Far from offering an exhaustive overview of the field, the article constitutes a starting point for the understanding of a particular way of seeing the relationship between fashion, body and gender identity in the Antwerp fashion scene. Furthermore, it aims to stress the urgency to analyse the relevance of fashion in tackling issues of masculinity and the clothed body.
The unknowing ... X: Queering representations of masculinity in an undetectable world
Authors: Smith Richard Sawdon
Published: March 2021

Over the years, I have amassed a huge dressing up box, accumulated from different parts of my life – AIDS patient to university professor, gender bender to porn star, go-go dancer to boxer, drag queen to leather queen, son to daddy! HIV+ since 1994, on medication and Undetectable, I approach my sixth decade reflecting on past lives and the unknown future.

This series is about dipping into the dressing up box to create new and potential different roles by performing for the camera and playing with gender, identity, sexuality, masculinity and everything in between. It is about Unthinking in a space of creative Unknowing. An exciting place where anything can happen and nothing is predetermined, where there is everything to look forward to.

The X of Unknowing ... can be a kiss from me to you, a reference to non-binary, non-gendered specific pronouns, or it can refer to an undetermined space, literally and metaphorically.
Apolónio de Rodes. Argonáutica, Livros I e II. Estudo Introdutório, Tradução e Notas
Authors: Sousa Ana Alexandra Alves de
Published: March 2021

Esta tradução colmata uma falta grave no panorama literário e tem a particularidade de permitir ao leitor identificar linhas de leitura. De facto, o poeta constrói com os lemas da Argonáutica, quase tanto quantos os da Odisseia, sentidos que facilmente passam despercebidos ao leitor atual, afastado do original pela barreira linguística.
Assim, a tradução que apresentamos é a primeira feita com a preocupação de manter os lemas identificáveis. Pretendemos que o leitor contemporâneo reconheça como o leitor alexandrino, os paralelismos com outros episódios dentro do poema, as evocações subtis de personagens e de momentos.
Nas notas esclarecemos o hermetismo de alguns passos, típico da poesia alexandrina, e também quisemos que se identificasse algum do trabalho feito com as fontes, sobretudo a homérica.
A introdução integra o poeta na sua época e oferece uma perspetiva de análise própria de alguns passos do poema, nomeadamente da invocação e da écfrase do manto de Jasão. Todos os lugares da viagem de ida mereceram também comentário, pois deles partem diversos caminhos que levam à diegese, à estética literária alexandrina e à própria época ptolemaica.
Language learning and learning strategy use in international university students’ English as a lingua franca communication
Authors: Peckham Donald W
Published: March 2021

English as a lingua franca (ELF) has received wide interest in the past decades from researchers, teachers, and users of English in general. The present study investigates whether or not speakers of English approach ELF contexts not only as contexts for communication, but also as contexts for language learning. Interview data was collected from 12 international university students in Czechia and Hungary to explore if indeed they believe they are using ELF communication for their own language learning, and if so, what learning strategies they use. Results show that these English speakers are indeed learning in these contexts and employ a variety of strategies to do so. Implications for how secondary school English language instruction might prepare students for learning while using English as a lingua franca are discussed
Impact of Pharmacist-Given Patient-Counseling on Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQOL) of Haemodialysis Patients
Authors: Tamilselvan Sobana , William Delphin Bencer , Jagadeesan Santhosh , Suresh Aneena
Published: March 2021

BACKGROUND End stage renal disease (ESRD) patients who are treated with haemodialysis experience many threats to their health-related quality of life (HRQOL), both from the large number of symptoms of disease itself and from the physical and mental burden of dialysis treatment. There are several scoring systems available to assess the quality of life of patients. Kidney disease quality of life (KDQOL-SFTM) scale is specifically designed for use in patients with kidney disease and who are on dialysis. Though, certain studies have utilised this scoring system, a pre-post counseling difference in quality of life was not measured. Hence, we assessed the impact of patient counseling on HRQOL of haemodialysis patients in a secondary care hospital using KDQOL-SFTM instrument. METHODS This is a prospective, longitudinal, pre-post interventional study. A total of 37 patients undergoing haemodialysis were identified and were randomly allocated into test and control groups. The HRQOL of each patient in both groups was measured at 1st week and 4th week using KDQOL-SFTM scale. The patients in the test group received patient counseling and additionally patient information leaflets were distributed after baseline quality of life (QOL) assessment. Paired t-test and unpaired t-tests were utilised to examine differences in QOL scores within and between the test and control groups. RESULTS Mean HRQOL scores were improved after patient counseling (P value = 0.0024) in the test group; difference in the QOL scores of test group compared to control group (P value = 0.0003) was found to be significant. CONCLUSIONS Hence, it was found that pharmacist given patient counselling considerably improves the HRQOL of haemodialysis patients. Bed side counselling to haemodialysis patients by clinical pharmacist should be made part of the patient care offered in dialysis units. KEY WORDS End Stage Renal Disease, Haemodialysis, Health-Related Quality of Life, HRQOL, Patient Counseling, Pharmacist, Quality of Life
Profile of Transfusion Transmitted Infections – A Study among Blood Donors
Authors: Rajan Lekshmi Leela , M.S. Suma , S. Harikumar
Published: March 2021

BACKGROUND Transfusion of blood and blood products is an essential component of patient care in various health care settings. Blood is collected from non-remunerated donors. Many infections can spread through the transfusion of blood and blood components. Testing of donor blood for infectious agents prior to transfusion of blood products increases blood safety. Mandatory testing of five transfusion transmitted infections is done prior to transfusion following manufacturer’s instructions and quality specifications. Prevalence study will help the blood transfusion services to select and implement the strategies effectively for blood safety. METHODS This is a descriptive study based on retrospective collection of data from available records. Donor results were recorded and maintained to ensure the traceability of specific donor. The data was collected from the blood donor records and registers pertaining to the 10 year period from 2007 to 2016. Samples seroreactive for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) antibodies, hepatitis B, hepatitis C, malaria and syphilis were recorded and analysed. RESULTS A total of 1,73,027 donors donated blood during the ten-year period. Of these 1, 65,824 were males and 7203 were females. Male to female ratio was 23:1. Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) seroreactivity is the most common which came to about 419 in this 10-year period with a prevalence rate of 0.24 % or 24 reactive cases in every 10,000 donors. Prevalence rate of Hepatitis C and HIV infection was 0.09 % and 0.035 % respectively. Rapid plasma reagin (RPR) and malaria reactivity was 0.02 %. CONCLUSIONS As safe blood supply is an important strategy of blood transfusion services, newer diagnostic tools should be implemented nationwide to overcome the problems with the window period and to detect infections with variant strains. KEY WORDS Prevalence, Transfusion Transmitted Infections, HIV, Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C, Syphilis