bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Vertical partitioning of phosphate uptake among picoplankton groups in the P-depleted Mediterranean Sea
Authors: Talarmin A. , Van Wambeke F. , Lebaron P. , Moutin T.
Published: October 2014

Abstract. Radiolabeled orthophosphate (Pi) incubations coupled with cell sorting were conducted in the Mediterranean Sea to assess the contribution of picoplanktonic groups to total Pi uptake and to potentially explain their spatial distribution. Under natural Pi concentrations (P-deficient and stratified conditions during the survey), total Pi uptake was dominated in the surface by heterotrophic prokaryotes (Hprok; up to 82%) and shifted to a cyanobacterial dominance around the deep chlorophyll maximum depth. These experiments were completed with concentration bioassays at 4 stations to determine Pi uptake kinetic constants (maximum cell-normalized uptake rates Vmax and the half-saturation constant plus natural concentration K +Sn) in picophytoeukaryotes (Pic), Synechococcus (Syn), Prochlorococcus (Proc) and Hprok. Syn cells were the most efficient in the uptake of Pi at the cellular level at saturating concentration (100 nmol L-1). Indeed, Syn displayed the highest Vmax (up to 132 amol P cell−1 h-1) compared to other groups like Hprok (Vmax up to 2 amol P cell−1 h-1), and the lowest K + Sn. This suggests that they could be quickly reactive to a pulsed supply of Pi. Hprok and Proc cells seemed more adapted to take up Pi at low concentrations, with low K + Sn values (2.9 to 22.7 nmol P L-1), conferring them a nutritional advantage under P-deficient conditions. Such characteristics may explain the successful year-long coexistence of osmotrophic autotrophs and heterotrophs in the Mediterranean Sea and their vertical distribution in the photic zone.
A INVESTIGAÇÃO DOS CONHECIMENTOS PRÉVIOS SOBRE GEOMETRIA EUCLIDIANA, ESFÉRICA E HIPERBÓLICA POR MEIO DA UTILIZAÇÃO DE QUESTIONÁRIO
Authors: Brum Wanderley Pivatto , Schuhmacher Elcio
Published: October 2014

A presente investigação consiste na identificação dos conhecimentos prévios sobre Geometria Euclidiana, Esférica e Hiperbólica, em estudantes da 2ª série do ensino médio de uma escola da rede pública de Tijucas, Santa Catarina. Para o reconhecimento das referidas concepções, foi utilizado um questionário semiestruturado, favorecendo a exposição de ideias por meio de textos e desenhos. O pensamento sobre aprendizagem significativa estudada por Ausubel e seus colaboradores foi o aporte teórico utilizado para reflexões e discussões a partir dos dados coletados. O estudo revelou diversas lacunas e fragilidades conceituais nas concepções dos estudantes sobre geometria.DOI: 10.5216/rir.v1i16.27228
Impact of economic crisis on indications for general versus local anaesthesia in head and neck surgery: a single centre analysis
Authors: Goranovic Tatjana , Simunjak Boris , Tonkovic Dinko , Martinac Miran
Published: October 2014

Objective: To analyze the impact of the hospital board’s cost saving measure on physicians’ decision to indicate head and neck surgery according to the type of anaesthesia (general versus local). Methods: Design: a retrospective analysis of medical charts on head and neck surgery and anaesthesia covering 2011-2012. Setting: department of otorhinolaryngology and head and neck surgery, university hospital, Croatia. Participants: patients undergoing head and neck surgery. Intervention(s): reduction of departmental financial fund for general anaesthesia for 10%. Main Outcome Measure(s): an overall of number of head and neck surgeries performed in general versus local anaesthesia before and after the implementation of the intervention measure. Results: There were a total of 984 head and neck surgeries in general anaesthesia in 2011 and 861 in 2012. There were a total of 460 head and neck surgeries in local anaesthesia in 2011 and 528 in 2012. The performance of head and neck surgeries in general anaesthesia was significantly reduced in a year after the implementation of the intervention (p = .01) There was no statistical significant difference in the performance of head and neck surgeries in local anaesthesia before and after the intervention. Conclusions: The reduction of departmental fund for general anaesthesia as a cost saving method resulted only in reducing the total performance of surgeries in general anaesthesia without any switch to performing surgeries in local anaesthesia. It seems that the hospital board’s cost saving measure did not have any impact on physicians’ decisions to indicate more surgeries in local anaesthesia.
De schadeclaim van het slachtoffer van strafbare feiten; bruggenbouwer tussen twee rechtsgebieden?
Authors: Ruitenbeek-Bart F.M. , Schijns A.J.J.G.
Published: October 2014

De schadeclaim van het slachtoffer van strafbare feiten; bruggenbouwer tussen twee rechtsgebieden?

Zowel in het strafrecht als in het civiele letselschaderecht is (toenemende) aandacht voor de behoeften van slachtoffers. Bij beide categorieën slachtoffers leven zowel materiële als immateriële behoeften. Toch geven de beide disciplines op eigen wijze invulling aan deze behoeften. In deze bijdrage signaleren de auteurs overeenkomsten en verschillen in de benadering van het slachtoffer in het strafrecht en het civiele letselschaderecht en verkennen zij de mogelijkheden voor kruisbestuiving tussen de beide disciplines. Zij gaan onder andere in op de mogelijkheid om de civiele vordering van de benadeelde partij in het strafproces onder te brengen in een parallel civiel traject.
Bewijsvoering in de deelgeschilprocedure
Authors: Hogeling L.C.
Published: October 2014

Bewijsvoering in de deelgeschilprocedure

De deelgeschilprocedure bestaat sinds juli 2010. De sindsdien verschenen jurisprudentie geeft een wisselend beeld van het toepassingsbereik. Regelmatig wordt een verzoek afgewezen omdat het zich volgens de rechter niet leent voor behandeling in een deelgeschilprocedure. In een deel van die gevallen ligt de oorzaak voor de afwijzing in het feit dat tijdens de behandeling van het deelgeschil is gebleken dat nadere bewijsvoering nodig is om daarover te kunnen beslissen. De deelgeschilprocedure biedt daartoe slechts beperkt ruimte. In deze bijdrage zal, op basis van de jurisprudentie, worden getracht aan te geven waar de grenzen liggen van de mogelijkheden tot bewijsvoering in een deelgeschilprocedure.
Hoger beroep in een deelgeschilprocedure, de einddatum van toekomstige schade en verhoging van het smartengeld vanwege in de literatuur bestaande discussie
Authors: Veendrick L.L.
Published: October 2014

Hoger beroep in een deelgeschilprocedure, de einddatum van toekomstige schade en verhoging van het smartengeld vanwege in de literatuur bestaande discussie

Annotatie bij de uitspraken van het Gerechtshof Arnhem-Leeuwarden van 14 januari 2014 ( ECLI:NL:GHARL:2014:181, 183 en 185) over de einddatum van toekomstige schade en verhoging van het smartengeld vanwege in de literatuur bestaande discussie.
Beroepsziekten in Europa
Authors: Sorgdrager B.
Published: October 2014

Beroepsziekten in Europa

Hoe de aanpak van beroepsziekten in Europa is geregeld, is onderwerp van een studie geweest in opdracht van de Europese Commissie. In deze bijdrage worden de conclusies van het rapport samengevat gepresenteerd, in het bijzonder de wijze waarop de diagnose beroepsziekte in Nederland wordt vastgesteld en voor het slachtoffer gewenste ontwikkelingen ten aanzien van de schadevergoeding.
The basic leucine zipper transcription factor NFIL3 directs the development of a common innate lymphoid cell precursor
Authors: Yu Xiaofei , Wang Yuhao , Deng Mi , Li Yun , Ruhn Kelly A , Zhang Cheng Cheng , Hooper Lora V
Published: October 2014

Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are recently identified lymphocytes that limit infection and promote tissue repair at mucosal surfaces. However, the pathways underlying ILC development remain unclear. Here we show that the transcription factor NFIL3 directs the development of a committed bone marrow precursor that differentiates into all known ILC lineages. NFIL3 was required in the common lymphoid progenitor (CLP), and was essential for the differentiation of αLP, a bone marrow cell population that gives rise to all known ILC lineages. Clonal differentiation studies revealed that CXCR6+ cells within the αLP population differentiate into all ILC lineages but not T- and B-cells. We further show that NFIL3 governs ILC development by directly regulating expression of the transcription factor TOX. These findings establish that NFIL3 directs the differentiation of a committed ILC precursor that gives rise to all ILC lineages and provide insight into the defining role of NFIL3 in ILC development.
Quantifying gravity wave momentum fluxes with Mesosphere Temperature Mappers and correlative instrumentation
Authors: Fritts David C. , Pautet P.‐Dominique , Bossert Katrina , Taylor Michael J. , Williams Bifford P. , Iimura Hiroyuki , Yuan Tao , Mitchell Nicholas J. , Stober Gunter
Published: October 2014

An Advanced Mesosphere Temperature Mapper and other instruments at the Arctic Lidar Observatory for Middle Atmosphere Research in Norway (69.3°N) and at Logan and Bear Lake Observatory in Utah (42°N) are used to demonstrate a new method for quantifying gravity wave (GW) pseudo‐momentum fluxes accompanying spatially and temporally localized GW packets. The method improves on previous airglow techniques by employing direct characterization of the GW temperature perturbations averaged over the OH airglow layer and correlative wind and temperature measurements to define the intrinsic GW properties with high confidence. These methods are applied to two events, each of which involves superpositions of GWs having various scales and character. In each case, small‐scale GWs were found to achieve transient, but very large, momentum fluxes with magnitudes varying from ~60 to 940 m2 s−2, which are ~1–2 decades larger than mean values. Quantification of the spatial and temporal variations of GW amplitudes and pseudo‐momentum fluxes may also enable assessments of the total pseudo‐momentum accompanying individual GW packets and of the potential for secondary GW generation that arises from GW localization. We expect that the use of this method will yield key insights into the statistical forcing of the mesosphere and lower thermosphere by GWs, the importance of infrequent large‐amplitude events, and their effects on GW spectral evolution with altitude.
Monocytic and promyelocytic myeloid‐derived suppressor cells may contribute to G‐CSF‐induced immune tolerance in haplo‐identical allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
Authors: Lv Meng , Zhao Xiao‐Su , Hu Yue , Chang Ying‐Jun , Zhao Xiang‐Yu , Kong Yuan , Zhang Xiao‐Hui , Xu Lan‐Ping , Liu Kai‐Yan , Huang Xiao‐Jun
Published: October 2014

We investigated the effects of granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor (G‐CSF) on monocytic (M), promyelocytic (P), and granulocytic (G) myeloid‐derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) both in bone marrow and peripheral blood of 20 healthy donors and the association of MDSCs subgroups with acute and chronic graft‐versus‐host disease (aGvHD/cGvHD) in 62 patients who underwent haplo‐identical allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo‐HSCT). Patients who received a higher absolute counts of M‐MDSCs or P‐MDSCs exhibited lower incidence of grade II–IV aGvHD (P = 0.001; P = 0.031) and extensive cGvHD (P = 0.011; P = 0.021). In the multivariate analysis, absolute counts of MDSCs in allografts emerged as independent factors that reduced the occurrence of grade II–IV aGvHD (M‐MDSCs: HR = 0.087, 95% CI = 0.020–0.381, P = 0.001; P‐MDSCs: HR = 0.357, 95% CI = 0.139–0.922, P = 0.033) and extensive cGvHD (M‐MDSCs: HR = 0.196, 95% CI = 0.043–0.894, P = 0.035; P‐MDSCs: HR = 0.257, 95% CI = 0.070–0.942, P = 0.04). Delayed M‐MDSC reconstitution was associated with aGvHD onset. The 3‐year cumulative incidence of transplant related mortality and relapse, 3‐year probability of disease‐free survival, and overall survival did not differ significantly between these subgroups. Our results suggested that G‐CSF‐induced immune tolerance may be mediated by M/P‐MDSCs in allo‐HSCT. Am. J. Hematol. 90:E9–E16, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Friedel–Crafts Reaction of Benzyl Fluorides: Selective Activation of CF Bonds as Enabled by Hydrogen Bonding
Authors: Champagne Pier Alexandre , Benhassine Yasmine , Desroches Justine , Paquin Jean‐François
Published: October 2014

A Friedel–Crafts benzylation of arenes with benzyl fluorides has been developed. The reaction produces 1,1‐diaryl alkanes in good yield under mild conditions without the need for a transition metal or a strong Lewis acid. A mechanism involving activation of the CF bond through hydrogen bonding is proposed. This mode of activation enables the selective reaction of benzylic CF bonds in the presence of other benzylic leaving groups.
Total Synthesis of Hapalindole‐Type Natural Products
Authors: Lu Zhaohong , Yang Ming , Chen Pengxi , Xiong Xiaochun , Li Ang
Published: October 2014

A unified and bioinspired oxidative cyclization strategy was used in the first total syntheses of naturally occurring 12‐epi‐hapalindole Q isonitrile, hapalonamide H, deschloro 12‐epi‐fischerindole I nitrile, and deschloro 12‐epi‐fischerindole W nitrile, as well as the structural revision of the latter. Hapalindoles H and Q were also synthesized.
Synthesis of Axially Chiral Biaryls through Sulfoxide‐Directed Asymmetric Mild CH Activation and Dynamic Kinetic Resolution
Authors: Hazra Chinmoy Kumar , Dherbassy Quentin , Wencel‐Delord Joanna , Colobert Françoise
Published: October 2014

A mild and robust direct CH functionalization strategy has been applied to the synthesis of axially chiral biaryls. Such an efficient and stereoselective transformation occurs through an original dynamic kinetic resolution pathway enabling the conversion of diastereomeric mixtures of non‐prefunctionalized substrates into atropisomerically pure, highly substituted biaryl scaffolds. The main feature of this transformation is the use of an enantiopure sulfoxide as both chiral auxiliary and traceless directing group. The potential of newly synthesized biaryls as valuable building blocks is further illustrated.
Stereodivergent Total Synthesis of Δ9‐Tetrahydrocannabinols
Authors: Schafroth Michael A. , Zuccarello Giuseppe , Krautwald Simon , Sarlah David , Carreira Erick M.
Published: October 2014

All four stereoisomers of Δ9‐tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9‐THC) were synthesized in concise fashion using stereodivergent dual catalysis. Thus, following identical synthetic sequences and applying identical reaction conditions to the same set of starting materials, selective access to the four stereoisomers of THC was achieved in five steps.
Enantioselective Discrimination of Alcohols by Hydrogen Bonding: A SERS Study
Authors: Wang Yue , Yu Zhi , Ji Wei , Tanaka Yoshito , Sui Huimin , Zhao Bing , Ozaki Yukihiro
Published: October 2014

Efficient and generic enantioselective discrimination of various chiral alcohols is achieved by using surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectroscopy through charge–transfer (CT) contributions. The relative intensities of the peaks in the SERS spectra of a chiral selector are strongly dependent on the chirality of its surroundings. This highly distinct spectral discrepancy may be due to the tendency of chiral isomers to form intermolecular hydrogen‐bonding complexes with the chiral selector in different molecular orientations, resulting in different CT states and SERS intensities of the adsorbates in the system. This study opens a new avenue leading to the development of novel enantiosensing strategies. A particular advantage of this approach is that it is label‐free and does not employ any chiral reagents, including chiral light.
Intramolecular Metalloamination of N,N‐Dimethylhydrazinoalkenes: A Versatile Method to Access Functionalized Piperidines and Pyrrolidines
Authors: Sunsdahl Bryce , Smith Adrian R. , Livinghouse Tom
Published: October 2014

Highly diastereoselective metalloamination/cyclization reactions of zinc(II) hydrazides obtained through reaction of diethylzinc with N,N‐dimethylhydrazinoalkenes are described. The resulting organozinc intermediates undergo facile allylation and acylation, in situ, to provide the corresponding functionalized piperidines and pyrrolidines.
Synthesis of All Eight L‐Glycopyranosyl Donors Using CH Activation
Authors: Frihed Tobias Gylling , Pedersen Christian Marcus , Bols Mikael
Published: October 2014

The synthesis of all eight rare, but biologically important L‐hexoses as the according thioglycosyl donors was achieved through a procedure involving the CH activation of their corresponding 6‐deoxy‐L‐hexoses. The key steps of the procedure were the silylation of the OH group at C4 followed by an intramolecular CH activation of the methyl group in γ‐position; both steps were catalyzed by iridium. The following Fleming–Tamao oxidation and acetylation gave the suitably protected L‐hexoses. This is the first general method for the preparation of all eight L‐hexoses as their thioglycosyl donors ready for glycosylation and the first example of an iridium‐catalyzed C(sp3)H activation on sulfide‐containing compounds.
Fundamental Change in the Nature of Chemical Bonding by Isotopic Substitution
Authors: Fleming Donald G. , Manz Jörn , Sato Kazuma , Takayanagi Toshiyuki
Published: October 2014

Isotope effects are important in the making and breaking of chemical bonds in chemical reactivity. Here we report on a new discovery, that isotopic substitution can fundamentally alter the nature of chemical bonding. This is established by systematic, rigorous quantum chemistry calculations of the isotopomers BrLBr, where L is an isotope of hydrogen. All the heavier isotopomers of BrHBr, BrDBr, BrTBr, and Br4HBr, the latter indicating the muonic He atom, the heaviest isotope of H, can only be stabilized as van der Waals bound states. In contrast, the lightest isotopomer, BrMuBr, with Mu the muonium atom, alone exhibits vibrational bonding, in accord with its possible observation in a recent experiment on the Mu+Br2 reaction. Accordingly, BrMuBr is stabilized at the saddle point of the potential energy surface due to a net decrease in vibrational zero point energy that overcompensates the increase in potential energy.
Increasing Hybridization Rate and Sensitivity of Bead‐Based Assays Using Isotachophoresis
Authors: Shintaku Hirofumi , Palko James W. , Sanders Glenn M. , Santiago Juan G.
Published: October 2014

We present an electrokinetic technique to increase the reaction rate and sensitivity of bead‐based assays. We use isotachophoresis (ITP) to preconcentrate and co‐focus target molecules and beads into a single ITP zone. The process achieves rapid mixing, stirring, and strongly increases the binding reaction rate. We demonstrate our assay with quantitative detection of 24 nt single‐stranded DNA over a dynamic range of three orders of magnitude and multiplexed detection of ten target species per sample. We show that ITP can achieve approximately the same sensitivity as a well‐stirred standard reaction in 60‐fold reduced reaction time (20 min versus 20 h). Alternately, compared to standard reaction times of 30 min, we show that 20 min ITP hybridization can achieve 5.3‐fold higher sensitivity.
Endothelial Cells Enhance the Migration of Bovine Meniscus Cells
Authors: Yuan Xiaoning , Eng George M. , Arkonac Derya E. , Chao Pen‐hsiu Grace , Vunjak‐Novakovic Gordana
Published: October 2014

Objective

To study the interactions between vascular endothelial cells and meniscal fibrochondrocytes from the inner avascular and outer vascular regions of the meniscus and to identify angiogenic factors that enhance cell migration and integrative repair.

Methods

Bovine meniscal fibrochondrocytes (bMFCs) from the inner and outer regions of meniscus were cultured for 7 days with or without human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) in a micropatterned 3‐dimensional hydrogel system for assessment of cell migration. Angiogenic factors secreted by HUVECs were probed for their role in paracrine mechanisms governing bMFC migration and applied to a full‐thickness defect model of meniscal repair in explants from the inner and outer meniscal regions over 4 weeks.

Results

Endothelial cells enhanced the migration of inner and outer bMFCs in the micropatterned system via endothelin 1 (ET‐1) signaling. Supplementation with ET‐1 significantly enhanced the integration strength of full‐thickness defects in the inner and outer explants, as well as cell migration at the macroscale level, as compared to controls without ET‐1 treatment.

Conclusion

This study is the first to show that bMFCs from both the avascular and vascular regions of the meniscus respond to the presence of endothelial cells with increased migration. Paracrine signaling by endothelial cells regulates the bMFCs differentially by region, but we identified ET‐1 as an angiogenic factor that stimulates the migration of inner and outer cells at the microscale level and the integrative repair of inner and outer explants at the macroscale level. These findings reveal the regional interactions between the vasculature and MFCs, and suggest ET‐1 as a potential new treatment for avascular meniscus injuries in order to prevent the development of osteoarthritis.
Association of Anti–Acidic Ribosomal Protein P0 and Anti–Galectin 3 Antibodies With the Development of Skin Lesions in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Shi Zhen‐rui , Tan Guo‐zhen , Meng Zhen , Yu Min , Li Kai‐wen , Yin Jing , Wei Kai‐hua , Luo Yi‐jin , Jia Shu‐qing , Zhang Shu‐juan , Wu Jian , Mi Xiang‐bin , Wang Liangchun
Published: October 2014

Objective

The specific autoantibodies and antigens that mediate systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)–related organ injuries remain largely unknown. This study was undertaken to investigate the antibody‐mediated immune response that leads to SLE skin lesions.

Methods

The study included 85 SLE patients with lupus‐specific skin lesions and 31 without skin lesions. The reactivity of serum antibody with skin antigens was determined by immunoblotting using human foreskin as the substrate. Skin antigens were identified using mass spectrometry. Serum antibody was isolated by affinity purification and was injected intracutaneously into mouse skin to determine pathogenicity. Serum antibody levels were monitored by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay.

Results

We determined that 78% of the patients with skin lesions had serum antibodies reactive with 35‐kd and/or 25‐kd skin antigens, which was significantly higher than the percentage of patients without skin lesions (P < 0.0001), suggesting a correlation between immune response and skin lesions. Acidic ribosomal protein P0 (RPLP0) and galectin 3 were 2 target antigens identified from 35‐kd and 25‐kd proteins, respectively. Purified serum anti‐RPLP0 and anti–galectin 3 antibodies induced lupus‐like histologic changes after intracutaneous injection. Anti‐RPLP0 and anti–galectin 3 antibody levels were significantly higher in SLE patients than in healthy controls and decreased with skin recovery. Anti–galectin 3 antibody levels were not significantly higher in SLE patients than in patients with dermatomyositis or scleroderma, but strongly related to lupus cutaneous vasculitis. Additionally, levels of the 2 antibodies were positively correlated with leukopenia and C3 deficiency, and the anti‐RPLP0 antibody level was also positively correlated with arthritis and SLE disease activity.

Conclusion

Our findings indicate that the immune response mediated by serum anti‐RPLP0 and anti–galectin 3 antibodies plays a key role in the pathogenesis of SLE skin lesions. These findings provide new insights into the mechanism of SLE‐related organ disorders.
Wasserundurchlässige Bauwerke aus Beton
Authors: Rohr‐Suchalla Katrin , Wolfgramm Boris
Published: October 2014

Die mangelfreie Abdichtung eines Bauwerks ist für dessen Verwendungseignung von entscheidender Bedeutung, sodass die Anforderungen an die Planung und Ausführung von wasserundurchlässigen Bauwerken nach der Rechtsprechung sehr hoch sind. Um Schäden und eine Haftung zu vermeiden, müssen die am Bau Beteiligten die an sie gestellten Anforderungen berücksichtigen.

Der Auftraggeber hat die Möglichkeit, dem ausführenden Unternehmen eine konkrete Beschaffenheit des Werkes vorzugeben, die auch über den anerkannten Regeln der Technik liegen kann. Erfolgt die Vorgabe einer über den anerkannten Regeln der Technik liegenden Ausführung, ist diese Vorgabe für die Beurteilung der Mangelfreiheit maßgeblich.

Der vom Auftraggeber mit der Planung beauftragte Architekt hat im Rahmen von WU‐Konstruktionen ohne abweichende Vereinbarung immer diejenige Variante zu planen, bei der er völlig sicher sein kann, dass sie den im Einzelfall zu stellenden Anforderungen genügt.

Impermeable concrete constructions – Legal considerations

Ensuring defect‐free sealing of a building is of utmost importance if it is to be fit for use. As a result, the requirements imposed by German case law on the planning and execution of impermeable buildings under case law are very high. To avoid damage and liability the parties involved in construction must take account of the requirements they are expected to fulfil.

The principal may specify the attributes and the quality (Beschaffenheit) of the building to the contractor. These may go beyond the recognised rules of technology, in which case this will be a decisive factor in judging whether the construction is free of defects.

The architect commissioned by the principal to design the impermeable construction must always choose the safest planning option, which he can be entirely sure will satisfy the specific requirements.
Grundlagen der Bemessung von WU‐Bauwerken
Authors: Mayer Till Felix
Published: October 2014

Die WU‐Bauweise hat sich für wasserberührte Bauwerke über Jahrzehnte als robuste, leistungsfähige und wirtschaftliche Alternative zu Konstruktionen mit außenliegender Abdichtung bewährt. Die Planung und die Ausführung derartiger WU‐Konstruktionen sind in Deutschland seit 2006 in der WU‐Richtlinie des Deutschen Ausschusses für Stahlbeton geregelt. In diesem Beitrag werden die Grundlagen der Bemessung von WU‐Konstruktionen nach WU‐Richtlinie dargestellt.

Design of watertight concrete structures

For structures in direct contact with water, the construction of watertight concrete structures has over the past decades been established as a robust, efficient and economical alternative to constructions with an external waterproofing. Design and execution of watertight concrete structures in Germany is regulated by the DAfStb guideline on watertight concrete structures (WU‐Richtlinie) This paper presents the fundamentals of the design of watertight concrete structures according to the WU‐Richtlinie.
Wasserundurchlässige Bauwerke aus Beton
Authors: Freimann Thomas
Published: October 2014

Wasserundurchlässige Bauwerke erfordern besondere betontechnologische und ausführungstechnische Maßnahmen, um sicher die Gebrauchstauglichkeit des Bauwerks zu erzielen. Planungsgrößen wie Druckgefälle, Entwurfskonzept oder Fugenplanung beeinflussen sowohl die Bauteilkonstruktion als auch die Betonfestlegungen. In der Ausführung sind grundsätzliche Maßnahmen zur Reduzierung der Eigen‐ und Zwangsspannungen ebenso bedeutsam wie Detailfragen zum richtigen Einbau von Einbauteilen und Bewehrungszulagen. Bei WU‐Bauwerken ist ein hohes Maß an Sorgfalt beim Betoneinbau und der fachgerechten Verdichtung erforderlich. Nachbehandlungsmaßnahmen sind stets zu planen und in ihrer Auswirkung auf die Eigenspannung im Bauteil zu bewerten. Überwachungsmaßnahmen sollten neben den Normvorgaben auch die Kontrolle wesentlicher Ausführungsschritte und eine Dokumentation hierüber umfassen.

Waterproof concrete construction – execution procedures and comments of concrete technology

For usability of waterproof concrete constructions special efforts on concrete technology and building construction work are needed. The parameters of the building construction and concrete design are influenced by the differences in hydrostatic pressure, design concept or types of sealing. During execution important preparations for reducing the internal stresses and constraint have to be considered. Sometimes additional reinforcement positions are necessary.

Correct placing and compacting of concrete must be carefully done. Curing has to be planned to avoid unwanted tensions or cracks. Quality checks should include the control and documentation of important parts of the building process.
Planung und Ausführung von Elementwänden bei drückendem Wasser
Authors: Hohmann Rainer
Published: October 2014

Elementwände im drückenden Grundwasser erfordern eine besondere Sorgfalt bei der Planung, Ausführung und Überwachung. In dem Beitrag werden grundlegende Hinweise für Planung und Umgang mit Elementwänden gegeben, typische Fehler aufgezeigt und Hinweise zur deren Vermeidung gegeben.

Design and Assembly of Double Wall Systems used in Pressing Groundwater

The use of double wall systems in a pressing groundwater requires a special care during design, execution and supervision. In this contribution basic instructions are given for designing and assembling of double walls, typical faults are indicated and instructions are given to their avoidance.
Ermittlung des Bemessungswasserstandes
Authors: von Grabczewski Hubert
Published: October 2014

Seit jeher werden Regeln und Normen genutzt, um die Gebrauchstauglichkeit für die uneingeschränkte Nutzung und für den vorhergesehenen Zweck einer baulichen Anlage zu gewährleisten. Trotz dieser klaren Kenntnisse nehmen in den letzten Jahren Feuchteschäden an Gebäuden erheblich und mit steigender Tendenz zu. Neben Ausführungsfehlern wurden Planungsfehler als Hauptursache der Feuchteschäden erkannt. Hierbei sind die vorliegenden Wasser‐ und Bodenverhältnisse, insbesondere der Bemessungswasserstand, von maßgeblicher Bedeutung.

Obwohl alle Regelwerke darauf hinweisen, dass jedem Planer vor Planungsbeginn die am Bauwerkstandort vorliegenden Wasser‐ und Bodenverhältnisse und die sich daraus ergebenden Interaktionen zwischen Boden, Feuchte, Wasser und Bauwerk bekannt sein müssen, werden Planungen heute noch vielfach basierend auf ungesicherten Erkenntnissen und Annahmen erstellt. Bei dieser Vorgehensweise ist dem Zufall überlassen, ob schadenauslösende Planungen und Bauausführungen erstellt werden. Dadurch erhöhen Planer erheblich ihr Schicksal, in Verantwortung genommen zu werden.

In Folgendem soll daher dargestellt werden, welche Randbedingungen bei der Ermittlung der Planungsgrundlage “Bemessungswasserstand” für eine Bauwerksplanung zu beachten sind und wo Planerfallen lauern.

Measurement of the design water level – A planning obligation or a planner's fate

Regulations and norms have always been used to ensure the suitability of a construction for unrestricted use and for the intended purpose. Despite this clear knowledge, moisture damage to buildings has been increasing at a considerable rate in recent years. Alongside execution errors, planning errors have been found to be the primary cause of moisture damage. In this context, existing water and soil conditions, in particular the design water level, are of particular importance.

Even though all rules and standards indicate that every planner must be aware of the existing water and soil conditions at the construction site, as well as the resulting interaction between soil, moisture, water and the structure, before the beginning of planning, planning is still currently frequently undertaken on the basis of uncertain knowledge and assumptions. If assumptions and uncertain knowledge of design water levels are used as the basis for planning, it is obvious that such an approach will result in planning and construction that leads to subsequent damage. Planners thereby increase their own likelihood of being held responsible.

What follows is an explanation of which general conditions must be taken into consideration when determining the ”design water level" planning basis and what traps may await planners.
Das Geheimnis des roten Herbstlaubes
Authors: Krupinska Karin
Published: October 2014

Die herbstliche Laubfärbung bei Bäumen und Sträuchern der gemäßigten Klimazonen ist ein spektakuläres Phänomen. Entscheidend für die Gelbfärbung der Blätter ist der Abbau der grünen Chlorophylle, die vor dem Herbst die gelb bis orange gefärbten Carotinoide überdecken. Der Abbau der Chlorophylle schafft die Voraussetzungen zum störungsfreien Abbau von Chloroplastenproteinen und zur Rückgewinnung wertvollen Stickstoffs aus den Aminosäuren, den Bausteinen der Proteine. Für die Rotfärbung der Blätter, die nur bei einigen Arten auftritt, sind Anthocyane verantwortlich. Anthocyane können den Photosyntheseapparat durch Abschirmung von überschüssigem Licht schützen. Sie können aber auch den Befall durch Insekten, vor allem Läuse, verringern.
Der Sonderweg der Rippenquallen
Authors: Kronberg Inge
Published: October 2014

Die Genomanalyse von Rippenquallen deutet darauf hin, dass ihr Nervensystem unabhängig von dem aller anderen Tiere entstanden ist. Auch die Gene, welche bei ihnen Entwicklung und Immunabwehr steuern, sind nicht mit denen anderer Tierstämme vergleichbar. Das wirft ein neues Licht auf die Stammesentwicklung der Metazoa.
Systematic review of live surgical demonstrations and their effectiveness on training
Authors: Brunckhorst O , Challacombe B , Abboudi H , Khan M S , Dasgupta P , Ahmed K
Published: October 2014

Background

Live surgical demonstrations are commonly performed for surgical conferences. These live procedures have recently come under scrutiny, in particular with issues pertaining to patient safety. This systematic review aimed to explore the evidence for live surgery as a training tool, and to investigate the safety of live surgical broadcasts.

Methods

PubMed, Embase, MEDLINE and Cochrane Library databases were searched using a predefined search strategy from January 1980 to October 2013. Specialty Societies and primary Colleges of Surgeons were searched for guidelines or position statements on live surgical teaching.

Results

Educational value criteria demonstrated for live surgery included feasibility, acceptability, construct and concurrent validity. Complication rates during live procedures were not compromised in the majority of studies. Patient safety, however, may be affected during live procedures as success rates have been found to be lower in some studies. Only Cardiothoracic, Urology and Vascular Surgical Societies currently offer guidelines on conducting live surgical demonstrations.

Conclusion

Little evidence exists on the safety and educational value of live surgery, with few studies of high quality conducted. Guidance on live procedures is scarce, with only three major surgical specialties offering any advice. More needs to be done to establish and promote evidence for the value of live surgery demonstrations.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Carbonylative Coupling of (2‐Azaaryl)methyl Anion Equivalents with (Hetero)Aryl Bromides
Authors: Jusseau Xavier , Yin Hongfei , Lindhardt Anders T. , Skrydstrup Troels
Published: October 2014

Conditions for the palladium‐catalyzed coupling of (2‐pyridyl)acetones with aryl bromides have been developed. Followed by an acid‐promoted deacetylation step, the desired 1‐(het)aryl‐2‐(2‐pyridyl)ethanones were obtained in good to excellent yields with high functional group tolerance. Test reactions revealed that both the addition of MgCl2 and a specifically positioned heteroatom in the heteroaromatic ring were crucial for product formation indicating the importance of a chelated intermediate in the reaction mechanism. The reaction conditions proved suitable for a number of 5‐ and 6‐membered heteroaromatic starting materials affording all products in good yields. The utility of the obtained 1‐(het)aryl‐2‐(2‐pyridyl)ethanones was demonstrated by the straightforward synthesis of several multiaromatic derivatives in only few additional steps.
Iridium Complexes Containing Mesoionic C Donors: Selective C(sp3)H versus C(sp2)H Bond Activation, Reactivity Towards Acids and Bases, and Catalytic Oxidation of Silanes and Water
Authors: Petronilho Ana , Woods James A. , Mueller‐Bunz Helge , Bernhard Stefan , Albrecht Martin
Published: October 2014

Metalation of a C2‐methylated pyridylimidazolium salt with [IrCp*Cl2]2 affords either an ylidic complex, resulting from C(sp3)H bond activation of the C2‐bound CH3 group if the metalation is performed in the presence of a base, such as AgO2 or Na2CO3, or a mesoionic complex via cyclometalation and thermally induced heterocyclic C(sp2)H bond activation, if the reaction is performed in the absence of a base. Similar cyclometalation and complex formation via C(sp2)H bond activation is observed when the heterocyclic ligand precursor consists of the analogous pyridyltriazolium salt, that is, when the metal bonding at the C2 position is blocked by a nitrogen rather than a methyl substituent. Despite the strongly mesoionic character of both the imidazolylidene and the triazolylidene, the former reacts rapidly with D+ and undergoes isotope exchange at the heterocyclic C5 position, whereas the triazolylidene ligand is stable and only undergoes H/D exchange under basic conditions, where the imidazolylidene is essentially unreactive. The high stability of the IrC bond in aqueous solution over a broad pH range was exploited in catalytic water oxidation and silane oxidation. The catalytic hydrosilylation of ketones proceeds with turnover frequencies as high as 6 000 h−1 with both the imidazolylidene and the triazolylidene system, whereas water oxidation is enhanced by the stronger donor properties of the imidazol‐4‐ylidene ligands and is more than three times faster than with the triazolylidene analogue.
Redesigning the DNA‐Targeted Chromophore in Platinum–Acridine Anticancer Agents: A Structure–Activity Relationship Study
Authors: Pickard Amanda J. , Liu Fang , Bartenstein Thomas F. , Haines Laura G. , Levine Keith E. , Kucera Gregory L. , Bierbach Ulrich
Published: October 2014

Platinum–acridine hybrid agents show low‐nanomolar potency in chemoresistant non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), but high systemic toxicity in vivo. To reduce the promiscuous genotoxicity of these agents and improve their pharmacological properties, a modular build–click–screen approach was used to evaluate a small library of twenty hybrid agents containing truncated and extended chromophores of varying basicities. Selected derivatives were resynthesized and tested in five NSCLC cell lines representing large cell, squamous cell, and adenocarcinomas. 7‐Aminobenz[c]acridine was identified as a promising scaffold in a hybrid agent (P1–B1) that maintained submicromolar activity in several of the DNA‐repair proficient and p53‐mutant cancer models, while showing improved tolerability in mice by 32‐fold compared to the parent platinum–acridine (P1–A1). The distribution and DNA/RNA adduct levels produced by the acridine‐ and benz[c]acridine‐based analogues in NCI‐H460 cells (confocal microscopy, ICP‐MS), and their ability to bind G‐quadruplex forming DNA sequences (CD spectroscopy, HR‐ESMS) were studied. P1–B1 emerges as a less genotoxic, more tolerable, and potentially more target‐selective hybrid agent than P1–A1.
DNA‐Binding Properties of Amidine‐Substituted Spiropyran Photoswitches
Authors: Hammarson Martin , Nilsson Jesper R. , Li Shiming , Lincoln Per , Andréasson Joakim
Published: October 2014

Two amidine‐substituted spiropyran derivatives have been characterized with respect to the DNA‐binding properties over a broad pH interval. The two derivatives differ in the number of positive charges. By varying the pH, the protonation state of the derivatives is also changed, allowing for additional variations in the charge distribution. We show that the closed spiro isomer does not bind for either of the two derivatives, whereas the open merocyanine forms bind both in the protonated and in the nonprotonated state, but with dramatically different binding constants. Flow‐oriented linear dichroism (LD) measurements also show that there are differences in the binding modes between the various forms. We rationalize these differences in terms of structure and charge distribution.
ChemInform Abstract: Magnetic Properties of RE5Ir2X (RE: Y, Gd—Ho, X: Sn, Sb, Pb, Bi) and Magnetocaloric Characterization of Gd5Ir2X.
Authors: Schaefer Konrad , Schwickert Christian , Niehaus Oliver , Winter Florian , Poettgen Rainer
Published: October 2014

Systematic phase analytical studies of Ln—Ir—M systems (Ln: Y, Gd—Ho, M: Sn, Sb, Pb, Bi) afford 15 new compounds of composition Ln5Ir2M.
ChemInform Abstract: Mechanochemical Synthesis of Layered Perovskite Structured Fluorides A2MF4 (A: K, Rb; M: Co, Cu, Mg) and Their Transformation to AMF3 Phase by Mechanical Activation.
Authors: Singh Poonam , Rawat Pooja , Nagarajan Rajamani
Published: October 2014

The layered perovskite type fluorides of title are prepared by stoichiometric reaction of the respective metal fluorides at room temperature by simply using an agate pestle and mortar.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Cyclization of Bromoenynamides to Tricyclic Azacycles: Synthesis of Trikentrin‐Like Frameworks.
Authors: Campbell Craig D. , Greenaway Rebecca L. , Holton Oliver T. , Chapman Helen A. , Anderson Edward A.
Published: October 2014

Cascade reaction of bromoenynamides such as (I) and (V) equipped with an additional alkyne or ynamide substituent affords azatricyclic products (II) and (VI), respectively.
ChemInform Abstract: Sulfite Formation versus Chlorination of Benzyl Alcohols with Thionyl Chloride.
Authors: Rodriguez Deana A. , Priefer Ronny
Published: October 2014

Attempted synthesis of bis(p‐methoxybenzyl)sulfite from the corresponding benzylalcohol and thionyl chloride reveals that the literature procedure contrary to other p‐substituted benzylalcohols gives the benzyl chloride instead of the expected sulfite.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 4‐Oxo‐2,5‐cyclopentadiene Using Multi‐Component Reactions of Primary Amines and Electron Deficient Acetylenic Compounds with Triphenylphosphine in Water.
Authors: Seyfi Samereh , Rostami‐Charati Faramarz , Hossaini Zinatossadat , Zardoost Mohammad R.
Published: October 2014

7 Cyclopentadiene derivatives of type (IV) are prepared using a multicomponent reaction of primary amines and electron‐deficient acetylenic compounds with triphenylphosphine in water.
ChemInform Abstract: Facile Access to Cyclooctanoid Ring Systems via Microwave‐Assisted Tandem 6‐exo dig Cyclization—Rearrangement Sequence.
Authors: Feldman Aaron W. , Ovaska Sami I. , Ovaska Timo V.
Published: October 2014

It is demonstrated that terminal cyano‐substituted 5‐alkyn‐1‐ol systems serve as versatile precursors to a variety of cyclooctenone derivatives via one‐pot base‐catalyzed oxyanionic 6‐exo dig cyclization/Claisen rearrangement sequence under microwave irradiation.
ChemInform Abstract: Metal‐Ligand Cooperation on a Diruthenium Platform: Selective Imine Formation Through Acceptorless Dehydrogenative Coupling of Alcohols with Amines.
Authors: Saha Biswajit , Wahidur Rahaman S. M. , Daw Prosenjit , Sengupta Gargi , Bera Jitendra K.
Published: October 2014

A newly synthesized diruthenium complex bridged by a naphthyridine‐functionalized N‐heterocyclic carbene ligand, is found to be active for the acceptorless dehydrogenation coupling of alcohols into aldehydes under base‐free conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Selective Radical Amination of Aldehydic C(sp2)—H Bonds with Fluoroaryl Azides via Co(II)‐Based Metalloradical Catalysis: Synthesis of N‐Fluoroaryl Amides from Aldehydes under Neutral and Nonoxidative Conditions.
Authors: Jin Li‐Mei , Lu Hongjian , Cui Yuan , Lizardi Christopher L. , Arzua Thiago N. , Wojtas Lukasz , Cui Xin , Zhang X. Peter
Published: October 2014

This approach represents the first example of aldehydic C—H amination with aryl azides.
ChemInform Abstract: 1,2‐Functionalized Imidazoles as Palladium Ligands: An Efficient and Robust Catalytic System for the Fluorine‐Free Hiyama Reaction.
Authors: Martinez Regina , Pastor Isidro M. , Yus Miguel
Published: October 2014

An imidazole derivative is found to be an efficient ligand for the Pd‐catalyzed coupling of aryl bromides and chlorides with aryl siloxanes using microwave irradiation under fluorine‐free and solvent‐free conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Asymmetric Synthesis of Dihydrofurans and Cyclopentenols with Tertiary Stereocenters.
Authors: Wu Zhongtao , Madduri Ashoka V. R. , Harutyunyan Syuzanna R. , Minnaard Adriaan J.
Published: October 2014

New, efficient, and stereoselective methods to prepare the title compounds are reported.
ChemInform Abstract: A Metal‐Free Route to CF3‐Containing Oxindoles by PhI(OAc)2‐Mediated Trifluoromethylation of N‐Arylacrylamides with TMSCF3.
Authors: Fu Weijun , Xu Fengjuan , Fu Yuqin , Xu Chen , Li Shihui , Zou Dapeng
Published: October 2014

Notable features of the title process are functional group tolerance, operational simplicity, and mild reaction conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Counterion Effects in the Catalytic Stereoselective Synthesis of 2,3′‐Pyrrolidinyl Spirooxindoles.
Authors: MacDonald Jacob P. , Shupe Benjamin H. , Schreiber John D. , Franz Annaliese K.
Published: October 2014

A Lewis acid‐catalyzed stereoselective [3 + 2] annulation of crotylsilanes (II) and (V) with iminooxindoles (I) is reported providing access to pyrrolidinyl spirooxindoles (III) and (VI), resp., with four stereocenters.
ChemInform Abstract: Novel and Efficient Synthesis of 4‐Indazolyl‐1,3,4‐trisubstituted Pyrazole Derivatives.
Authors: Hote Baliram S. , Lokhande Pradeep D.
Published: October 2014

A simple, convenient and efficient method for the preparation of novel functionalized 4‐indazolyl‐ and isoxazolyl‐substituted pyrazole derivatives via condensation of 2‐acetylcyclohexanone derivatives (III) with hydrazine or hydroxylamine, resp., is given.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of New 5‐Substituted Hydantoins and Symmetrical Twin‐Drug Type Hydantoin Derivatives.
Authors: Fujisaki Fumiko , Aki Hatsumi , Naito Ayumi , Fukami Enko , Kashige Nobuhiro , Miake Fumio , Sumoto Kunihiro
Published: October 2014

New 5‐substituted hydantoins (III) and (IV) and symmetrical twin‐drug type hydantoin derivatives (VII) are synthesized.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of N‐Substituted‐2‐aminobenzothiazoles Using Nano Copper Oxide as a Recyclable Catalyst under Ligand‐Free Conditions, in Reusable PEG‐400 Medium.
Authors: Gaddam Satish , Kasireddy Harshavardhan Reddy , Konkala Karnakar , Katla Ramesh , Durga Nageswar Yadavalli Venkata
Published: October 2014

Optimum reaction conditions are examined for the synthesis of N‐substituted 2‐aminobenzothiazoles catalyzed by CuO nanoparticles.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Enantioselective Synthesis of 2‐Aryl‐chromenes.
Authors: Zeng Bi‐Shun , Yu Xinyi , Siu Paul W. , Scheidt Karl A.
Published: October 2014

Products gained from this approach can be transformed into biologically active flavonoids [e.g. (III)].
ChemInform Abstract: Solvent‐Free Cascade Assembling of Salicylaldehydes and Cyanoacetates: Fast and Efficient Approach to Medicinally Relevant 2‐Amino‐4H‐chromene Scaffold.
Authors: Elinson Michail N. , Nasybullin Ruslan F. , Ryzhkov Fedor V. , Zaimovskaya Tatiana A. , Egorov Mikhail P.
Published: October 2014

A facile, efficient, and environmentally benign synthesis of 2‐aminochromene derivatives is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Rh‐Catalyzed Intramolecular Aromatic C—H Insertion of α‐Diazo β‐Ketoesters: Synthesis of 4‐Carbonyl Chroman Derivatives.
Authors: Zhang Xiaolin , Lei Mei , Zhang Yi‐Nan , Hu Li‐Hong
Published: October 2014

A direct intramolecular carbene insertion into aromatic C‐H bonds is presented to construct 4‐carbonyl chromans.
ChemInform Abstract: A Highly Efficient and Green Cascade Synthesis of 3‐Methyl‐substituted‐4‐hydroxy‐1‐methyl‐quinolin‐2(1H)‐ones under Solvent‐ and Catalyst‐Free Conditions.
Authors: Bhat Subrahmanya Ishwar , Trivedi Darshak R.
Published: October 2014

The reaction proceeds via Knoevenagel—Michael cascade to yield symmetric products (III) and unsymmetric products (V).
ChemInform Abstract: On‐Demand Selection of the Reaction Path from Imino Diels—Alder to Ene‐Type Cyclization: Synthesis of Epiminopyrimido[4,5‐b]azepines.
Authors: Zhang Yuewei , Zhu Yue , Zheng Lianyou , Zhuo Lian‐Gang , Yang Fengzhi , Dang Qun , Yu Zhi‐Xiang , Bai Xu
Published: October 2014

The reactions of imine intermediates derived from aldehydes (I) and with anilines are investigated.