bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Daptomycin dosing in obese patients: analysis of the use of adjusted body weight versus actual body weight
Authors: Fox Ashley N. , Smith Winter J. , Kupiec Katherine E. , Harding Stephanie J. , Resman-Targoff Beth H. , Neely Stephen B. , White Bryan P. , Owens Ryan E.
Published: January 2019

Background:

Food and Drug Administration–approved daptomycin dosing uses actual body weight, despite limited dosing information for obese patients. Studies report alterations in daptomycin pharmacokinetics and creatine phosphokinase elevations associated with higher weight-based doses required for obese patients. Limited information regarding clinical outcomes with alternative daptomycin dosing strategies in obesity exists.

Objective:

This study evaluates equivalency of clinical and safety outcomes in obese patients with daptomycin dosed on adjusted body weight versus a historical cohort using actual body weight.

Methods:

This retrospective, single center study compared equivalency of outcomes with two one-sided tests in patients with body mass index ⩾30 kg/m2 who received daptomycin dosed on actual body weight versus adjusted body weight. The primary outcome was clinical failure. Secondary outcomes included 90-day readmission and 90-day mortality. A combined safety endpoint included creatine phosphokinase elevation, patient-reported myopathy, and rhabdomyolysis.

Results:

A total of 667 patients were screened for inclusion; 101 patients were analyzed with 50 in the actual body weight cohort and 51 in the adjusted body weight cohort. The two regimens were statistically equivalent for clinical failure (2% actual body weight versus 4% adjusted body weight; p < 0.001 for equivalency). The two regimens were also statistically equivalent for 90-day mortality (6% actual body weight versus 4% adjusted body weight; p = 0.0014 for equivalency). Limitations include single center, retrospective design, and sample size. Daptomycin dosing intensified throughout the study period.

Conclusion:

The two daptomycin dosing cohorts were statistically equivalent for both clinical failure and 90-day mortality. More data are needed to assess outcomes with higher (⩾8 mg/kg/day) daptomycin doses in this patient population.
Association between leisure-time physical activity and sedentary behavior with cardiometabolic health in the ELSA-Brasil participants
Authors: Pitanga Francisco José Gondim , Matos Sheila Maria Alvim , Almeida Maria da Conceição C. , Patrão Ana Luísa , Molina Maria del Carmen Bisi , Aquino Estela ML
Published: January 2019

Objectives:

To assess associations, both individually and in combination, between leisure-time physical activity and sedentary behavior, and cardiometabolic health.

Methods:

This cross-sectional study included 13,931 civil servants participating in the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil). Leisure-time physical activity was analyzed using the leisure-time domain of the long-form International Physical Activity Questionnaire, while questions related to cumulative sitting time and leisure-based screen time on a weekday and on one day on the weekend were used to establish sedentary behavior. Data analysis was performed using multivariate logistic regression.

Results:

Following adjustment for confounding variables, high levels of leisure-time physical activity and low levels of sedentary behavior were both associated with favorable cardiometabolic health markers in both genders. When these two factors were analyzed in conjunction, taking the combination of low levels of leisure-time physical activity and high levels of sedentary behavior as the reference, the inverse associations with cardiometabolic variables became even more significant.

Conclusion:

High levels of leisure-time physical activity and low levels of sedentary behavior were both inversely associated with the cardiometabolic variables analyzed; however, the two variables when evaluated in conjunction appear to produce more consistent associations, particularly when sedentary behavior is evaluated according to leisure-based screen time.
Validated specific safety checklists for urological procedures can improve staff engagement and patient safety
Authors: Noah Anthony O , Williams Kevin G , Otite Ugo
Published: January 2019

Objective:

Safety checklists have become an integral part of surgical practice. The aim of this quality improvement study was to identify and eliminate weaknesses within safety checklists for shockwave lithotripsy (SWL), flexible cystoscopy and transrectal ultrasound-guided (TRUS) biopsy of prostate.

Subjects and methods:

A root cause analysis was carried out into a case of incorrect side SWL treatment. Furthermore, we carried out a survey amongst staff regarding the suitability of our flexible cystoscopy and TRUS biopsy checklists. Following the introduction of new checklists, a satisfaction survey was sent to staff.

Results:

The initial staff survey regarding flexible cystoscopy and TRUS biopsy identified at least three irrelevant questions on the checklist, with a further six with low–moderate importance. A single checklist was created for flexible cystoscopy and TRUS biopsy, whilst a separate checklist was developed for SWL. The follow-up satisfaction survey rated the new checklists as ‘satisfactory’ (82%) or ‘very satisfactory’ (18%).

Conclusion:

Appropriate checklists, with questions relevant to the procedure being undertaken will lead to greater staff satisfaction and engagement. This may lead to better staff participation, which is likely to reduce errors.

Level of evidence:

3.
Direct anterior approach for mini plate fixation of Regan–Morrey type II comminuted ulnar coronoid process fracture
Authors: Shen Jian-Jian , Qiu Qing-Mi , Gao Yi-Bin , Tong Song-Lin , Huang Jie-Feng
Published: January 2019

Background:

The goal of this study was to evaluate the clinical effect of Regan–Morrey type II comminuted coronoid process fracture treated with mini plate through the direct anterior approach (DAA).

Methods:

Ten patients who underwent open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) with mini plate through the DAA between February 2013 and August 2016 was included. There were three women and seven men, with an average age of 34.4 ± 7.5 years. At the final follow-up, the Mayo Elbow Performance Index (MEPS), Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) score, Disability of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (DASH) score, and the elbow range of motion were noted.

Results:

The mean follow-up was 26.3 ± 2.2 (range 24–31) months. The mean elbow arc of motion was 118.5° with a mean arc of extension of 4° ± 5.2° and flexion of 122.5° ± 7.2°.The mean forearm pronation was 72° ± 7.2°, and the mean supination was 68° ± 6.3° with a mean forearm rotation arc of 140°. The average postoperative score according to the MEPS was 91 ± 5.7 points (range 80–100 points), and all patients achieved satisfactory scores (8 excellent and 2 good). The final average VAS score was 0.6 ± 1 (range 0–3). The final average DASH score was 4.0 ± 1.6 (range 2.3–7.4). None of the patients complained about elbow instability that required secondary surgery. No complications of infection, joint incongruency, fracture nonunion, median nerve palsy, or implant failure were reported.

Conclusions:

ORIF with mini plate through the DAA for the treatment of the type II comminuted coronoid process fractures can achieve satisfactory outcomes.
Extending the Discussion: An Editor’s Addition to the Topics Addressed in “A Content Analysis of Update: Applications of Research in Music Education (1989–2017)”
Authors: Rohwer Debbie
Published: January 2019

Silvey, Sims, Pohlman, and Regier’s content analysis in the current issue of Update documented the methodologies, topics, and populations used in Update studies from 1989 to 2017. To extend the discussion, I am going to add context from an editor’s perspective on article format/context, coauthor/repeat authorship, and time that articles spent with authors and reviewers during the time period when Update had online submissions accepted through Sage.
Neocrystallization of clay minerals in the Alhama de Murcia Fault (southeast Spain): implications for fault mechanics
Authors: Abad Isabel , Jiménez-Millán Juan , Sánchez-Roa Catalina , Nieto Fernando , Velilla Nicolás
Published: January 2019

Two preferred textures were observed in the Alhama de Murcia Fault rocks: (a) foliated bands (>100 µm thick) rich in well-crystallized dioctahedral micas, quartz, hematite and dolomite; and (b) ultrafine-grained bands (<100 µm thick) made of patches composed of small mica crystals (<15 µm) and dispersed Fe-oxides. In both textures, kaolinite forms intergrowths or patches of randomly oriented crystals filling gaps or opening layers of presumably inherited detrital mica crystals, which is interpreted as an epitaxial growth from fluids. The Na/K ratio of mica crystals in the thin ultrafine-grained bands shows a wider range than the micas from the foliated bands including muscovitic, intermediate Na/K and paragonitic compositions. The absence of the 0.98 nm intermediate peak in the diffractograms indicates that the small micas are submicroscopically paragonite and phengite intergrowths. The d001 values of the K-dioctahedral micas in the <2 µm and whole fractions are clearly different from each other. The d001 values of micas of the <2 µm fraction are larger, indicating a higher K and lower Na content in the small micas. Their composition corresponds to lower temperatures, suggesting their growth during a genetic episode in the fault. The textural relationships indicate a late growth of kaolinite, probably due to the fluid–rock interaction along fault planes and fractures. The neoformed clay minerals might alter the stability of the fault plane. The absence of expandable clay minerals and the relatively high frictional strength of kaolinite under wet conditions might explain the observed velocity-neutral behaviour of this gouge and earthquake propagation towards the surface.
A study of the development and improvement of fashion products using a FDM type 3D printer
Authors: Kim Sohyun , Seong Hyunjin , Her Yusun , Chun Jaehoon
Published: January 2019

3D printing technology has been developing rapidly and is now widely used in various fields. However, the utilization of this technology in fashion products has been relatively slow. Therefore, in this study, we attempt to determine the limitations of the 3D printed clothing production process and suggest complementary measures to offset those limitations. To attain these goals, we created actual clothes using a FDM type 3D desktop printer, which is a commonly used type. Three different types of 3D printed clothes were produced based on certain geometric shapes using TPU or ABS as printing materials. The limitations of the materials, the modeling programs and the printing, manufacturing and wearing processes were examined, and several suggestions to overcome each of the limitations were presented. Based on this research, it is expected that more diverse and active attempts to utilize 3D technology will be pursued by those who develop various fashion products.
Effect of antidepressant switching between nortriptyline and escitalopram after a failed first antidepressant treatment among patients with major depressive disorder
Authors: Köhler-Forsberg Ole , Larsen Erik Roj , Buttenschøn Henriette N. , Rietschel Marcella , Hauser Joanna , Souery Daniel , Maier Wolfgang , Farmer Anne , McGuffin Peter , Aitchison Katherine J. , Uher Rudolf , Mors Ole
Published: January 2019

Background

For patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) experiencing side-effects or non-response to their first antidepressant, little is known regarding the effect of switching between a tricyclic antidepressant (TCA) and a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI).

Aims

To compare the switch between the TCA nortriptyline and the SSRI escitalopram.

Method

Among 811 adults with MDD treated with nortriptyline or escitalopram for up to 12 weeks, 108 individuals switched from nortriptyline to escitalopram or vice versa because of side-effects or non-response (trial registration: EudraCT No.2004-001723-38 (https://eudract.ema.europa.eu/) and ISRCTN No.03693000 (http://www.controlled-trials.com)). Patients were followed for up to 26 weeks after switching and response was measured with the Montgomery–Åsberg Depression Rating scale (MADRS). We performed adjusted mixed-effects linear regression models with full information maximum likelihood estimation reporting β-coefficients with 95% CIs.

Results

Switching antidepressants resulted in a significant decrease in MADRS scores. This was present for switchers from escitalopram to nortriptyline (n = 36, β = −0.38, 95% CI −0.51 to −0.25, P<0.001) and from nortriptyline to escitalopram (n = 72, β = −0.34, 95% CI −0.41 to −0.26, P<0.001). Both switching options resulted in significant improvement among individuals who switched because of non-response or side-effects. The results were supported by analyses on other rating scales and symptom dimensions.

Conclusions

These results suggest that switching from a TCA to an SSRI or vice versa after non-response or side-effects to the first antidepressant may be a viable approach to achieve response among patients with MDD.

Declarations of interest

K.J.A. holds an Alberta Centennial Addiction and Mental Health Research Chair, funded by the Government of Alberta. K.J.A. has been a member of various advisory boards, received consultancy fees and honoraria, and has received research grants from various companies including Johnson and Johnson Pharmaceuticals Research and Development and Bristol-Myers Squibb Pharmaceuticals Limited. D.S. has served on advisory boards for, and received unrestricted grants from, Lundbeck and AstraZeneca. A.F. and P.M. have received honoraria for participating in expert panels for Lundbeck and GlaxoSmithKline.
Prevalence of mental health problems in schools: poverty and other risk factors among 28 000 adolescents in England
Authors: Deighton Jessica , Lereya Suzet Tanya , Casey Polly , Patalay Praveetha , Humphrey Neil , Wolpert Miranda
Published: January 2019

Current mental health provision for children is based on estimates of one in ten children experiencing mental health problems. This study analyses a large-scale community-based dataset of 28 160 adolescents to explore school-based prevalence of mental health problems and characteristics that predict increased odds of experiencing them. Findings indicate the scale of mental health problems in England is much higher than previous estimates, with two in five young people scoring above thresholds for emotional problems, conduct problems or hyperactivity. Gender, deprivation, child in need status, ethnicity and age were all associated with increased odds of experiencing mental health difficulties.

Declarations of interest

None.
Extraluminal Use of a Pediatric Bronchial Blocker With Confirmation by Point-of-Care Ultrasound: A Case Report
Authors: Adler Adam C.
Published: January 2019

Lung isolation for pediatric thoracic surgery is especially challenging in a patient with chronic lung infection and need to protect the nonoperative lobes from the spread of infection during anesthesia and surgery. Typically, for pediatric thoracic surgery, a mainstem intubation or placement of an intraluminal bronchial blocker is sufficient for lung isolation. The patient whose case is reported here suffered from a pleuropulmonary blastoma compressing the left lower lobe bronchus and resultant chronic infection involving the left lower lobe. In this unusual situation, to isolate the chronic lung infection and to provide the needed adequate operative conditions, endobronchial intubation of the right, nonoperative lung and placement of an endobronchial blocker into the left lower lobe bronchus were performed. Intraoperative point-of-care ultrasound was then used to confirm ventilation of the right lung segments and absence of air movement in the left upper lobe.
Sports-related Concussion — Genetic Factors
Authors: McGrew Christopher A.
Published: January 2019

Genetic biomarkers have been evaluated for validity in predicting risk for sports-related concussion as well as prognosticating recovery from this injury. Research results from predominantly small-scale pilot studies thus far are mixed and preliminary findings have not been adequately replicated. Currently, the use of such genetic biomarkers should be considered investigational and not for routine clinical use.
When Is It Safe to Drive after Mild Traumatic Brain Injury/Sports-related Concussion?
Authors: Christensen Jacob , McGrew Christopher A.
Published: January 2019

Driving an automobile has inherent danger, and driving after mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI)/sports-related concussion (SRC) can make this task even more hazardous. There is evidence to suggest that restriction from driving for the first 24 to 48 h after mTBI/SRC is probably reasonable. However, after the first 48 h have passed, there is insufficient evidence to make a recommendation regarding return to driving. Clinicians need to weigh the evidence and make decisions on how to advise their patients on a case by case basis. Further research is required to provide a standardized recommendation.
Exercise Arrangement Is Associated with Physical and Mental Health in Older Adults
Authors: SEINO SATOSHI , KITAMURA AKIHIKO , TOMINE YUI , TANAKA IZUMI , NISHI MARIKO , TANIGUCHI YU , YOKOYAMA YURI , AMANO HIDENORI , FUJIWARA YOSHINORI , SHINKAI SHOJI
Published: January 2019

Purpose

Although exercising with others might have health benefits, no previous study has comprehensively examined associations of exercise arrangement with physical activity (PA), physical function (PF), and mental health (MH). We examined whether PA, PF, and MH are better when exercising with others than when exercising alone or not exercising.

Methods

We analyzed cross-sectional data from 7759 (4007 men and 3752 women) nondisabled residents age 65 to 84 yr. PA, PF, and MH were assessed with the International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form (PA sufficiency defined as ≥150 min·wk−1of moderate-to-vigorous PA), Motor Fitness Scale (higher PF defined as total score ≥12 in men and ≥10 in women), and World Health Organization-Five Well-Being Index (better MH defined as a total score ≥13), respectively. Exercise arrangement was classified as “nonexerciser,” “exercising alone,” and “exercising with others.” Using multilevel logistic regression analyses, we examined independent associations of exercise arrangement with PA, PF, and MH.

Results

Compared with exercising alone, the multivariate-adjusted odds ratios (95% confidence interval) among nonexercisers and those exercising with others were 0.21 (0.17–0.25) and 1.32 (1.04–1.67), respectively, for PA sufficiency, 0.47 (0.40–0.57) and 1.12 (0.94–1.34) for higher PF, and 0.69 (0.58–0.82) and 1.45 (1.17–1.79) for better MH, respectively, in men. In women, the corresponding odds ratios were 0.37 (0.30–0.46) and 1.31 (1.01–1.70) for PA sufficiency, 0.66 (0.54–0.80) and 1.08 (0.88–1.32) for higher PF, and 0.70 (0.58–0.85) and 1.27 (1.03–1.56) for better MH, respectively.

Conclusions

Exercising alone and with others were better than no exercise for maintaining better PA, PF, and MH in both sexes. Although exercise arrangement had little effect on maintaining PF, exercising with others appears to enhance PA levels and MH in both sexes.
Metabolic Implications of Diet and Energy Intake during Physical Inactivity
Authors: WINN NATHAN C. , PETTIT-MEE RYAN , WALSH LAUREN K. , RESTAINO ROBERT M. , READY SEAN T. , PADILLA JAUME , KANALEY JILL A.
Published: January 2019

Purpose

Physical inactivity is associated with disruptions in glucose metabolism and energy balance, whereas energy restriction may blunt these adverse manifestations. During hypocaloric feeding, higher-protein intake maintains lean mass which is an important component of metabolic health. This study determined whether mild energy restriction preserves glycemic control during physical inactivity and whether this preservation is more effectively achieved with a higher-protein diet.

Methods

Ten adults (24 ± 1 yr) consumed a control (64% carbohydrate, 20% fat, 16% protein) and higher-protein diet (50% carbohydrate, 20% fat, 30% protein) during two 10-d inactivity periods (>10,000 → ~5000 steps per day) in a randomized crossover design. Energy intake was decreased by ~400 kcal·d−1 to account for reduced energy expenditure associated with inactivity. A subset of subjects (n = 5) completed 10 d of inactivity while consuming 35% excess of their basal energy requirements, which served as a positive control condition (overfeeding+inactivity).

Results

Daily steps were decreased from 12,154 ± 308 to 4275 ± 269 steps per day (P < 0.05) which was accompanied by reduced V˙O2max (−1.8 ± 0.7 mL·kg−1·min−1, P < 0.05), independent of diet conditions. No disruptions in fasting or postprandial glucose, insulin, and nonesterified fatty acids in response to 75 g of oral glucose were observed after inactivity for both diet conditions (P > 0.05). Overfeeding+inactivity increased body weight, body fat, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance, and 2-h postprandial glucose and insulin concentrations (P < 0.05), despite no changes in lipid concentrations.

Conclusions

We show that independent of diet (normal vs higher-protein), mild energy restriction preserves metabolic function during short-term inactivity in healthy subjects. That is, metabolic deterioration with inactivity only manifests in the setting of energy surplus.
Physical Activity, Sleep, and Symptoms of Depression in Adults—Testing for Mediation
Authors: KASEVA KAISA , DOBEWALL HENRIK , YANG XIAOLIN , PULKKI-RÅBACK LAURA , LIPSANEN JARI , HINTSA TAINA , HINTSANEN MIRKA , PUTTONEN SAMPSA , HIRVENSALO MIRJA , ELOVAINIO MARKO , RAITAKARI OLLI , TAMMELIN TUIJA
Published: January 2019

Purpose

Physical activity, sleep problems, and symptoms of depression contribute to overall well-being. The factors are reciprocally associated, but the nature of these associations remains unclear. The present study examined whether sleep problems mediated the association between physical activity and depressive symptoms.

Methods

The eligible population (n = 3596) consisted of adults from the ongoing, population-based Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study started in 1980. Participants’ leisure-time physical activity was assessed with physical activity index (2007) and sleep problems with Jenkins’ Sleep Questionnaire in 2007 and 2011. Depressive symptoms were measured using modified Beck Depression Inventory in 2007 and 2012, from which the items reflecting sleep problems were excluded. Mediation analyses, through which the associations between the variables were examined, were adjusted for sex and a set of health-related covariates assessed in 2007 and 2011.

Results

Physical activity was associated with decreased levels of sleep problems and depressive symptoms (P < 0.05). The association between physical activity and depressive symptoms (b = −0.10, P < 0.01) was partly mediated by sleep problems (proportion mediated = 0.36, P < 0.01). The adjustment for depressive symptoms at baseline attenuated the mediation effect (proportion mediated = 0.30, P > 0.05).

Conclusions

Physical activity’s favorable contribution to depressive symptoms was mediated partly by sleep, but the mediation effect disappeared after adjusting for the previous depressive symptoms in adulthood.
Histamine-Receptor Antagonists Slow 10-km Cycling Performance in Competitive Cyclists
Authors: ELY MATTHEW R. , SIECK DYLAN C. , MANGUM JOSHUA E. , LARSON EMILY A. , BRITO LEANDRO C. , MINSON CHRISTOPHER T. , HALLIWILL JOHN R.
Published: January 2019

Histamine is released within skeletal muscle during exercise. In humans, antihistamines have no effect on speed, power output, or time-to-completion of short-duration high-intensity exercise. In mice, blocking histamine’s actions decreases speed and duration of endurance tasks. It is unknown if these opposing outcomes are the result of differences in histamine’s actions between species or are related to duration and/or intensity of exercise, as blocking histamine during endurance exercise has not been examined in humans.

Purpose

Determine the effects of histamine-receptor antagonism on cycling time trial performance in humans, with and without a preceding bout of sustained steady-state exercise.

Methods

Eleven (3F) competitive cyclists performed six 10-km time trials on separate days. The first two time trials served as familiarization. The next four time trials were performed in randomized-block order, where two were preceded by 120 min of seated rest (rest) and two by 120 min of cycling exercise (Exercise) at 50% V˙O2peak. Within each block, subjects consumed either combined histamine H1and H2receptor antagonists (Blockade) or Placebo, before the start of the 120-min Rest/Exercise.

Results

Blockade had no discernible effects on hemodynamic or metabolic variables during Rest or Exercise. However, Blockade increased time-to-completion of the 10-km time trial compared with Placebo (+10.5 ± 3.7 s,P< 0.05). Slowing from placebo to blockade was not different between rest (+8.7 ± 5.2 s) and Exercise (+12.3 ± 5.8 s,P= 0.716).

Conclusions

Exercise-related histaminergic signaling appears inherent to endurance exercise and may play a role in facilitating optimal function during high-intensity endurance exercise.
Effect of colony age on near infrared hyperspectral images of foodborne bacteria
Authors: Williams Paul , Kammies Terri-Lee , Gouws Pieter , Manley Marena
Published: January 2019

Near infrared hyperspectral imaging (NIR-HSI) and multivariate image analysis were used to distinguish between
foodborne pathogenic bacteria, Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli, Salmonella Enteritidis, Staphylococcus aureus and a non-
pathogenic bacterium, Staphylococcus epidermidis. Hyperspectral images of bacteria, streaked out on Luria—Bertani agar,
were acquired after 20 h, 40 h and 60 h growth at 37 °C using a SisuCHEMA hyperspectral pushbroom imaging system
with a spectral range of 920–2514 nm. Three different pre-processing methods: standard normal variate (SNV),
Savitzky—Golay (1stderivative, 2nd order polynomial, 15-point smoothing) and Savitzky—Golay (2nd derivative, 3rd order
polynomial, 15-point smoothing) were evaluated. SNV provided the most distinct clustering in the principal component
score plots and was thus used as the sole pre-processing method. Partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA)
models were developed for each growth period and was tested on a second set of plates, to determine the effect the age
of the colony has on classification accuracies. The highest overall prediction accuracies where test plates required the
least amount of growth time, was found with models built after 60 h growth and tested on plates after 20 h growth.
Predictions for bacteria differentiation within these models ranged from 83.1 % to 98.8 % correctly predicted
pixels.
Physician Beliefs and Patient Preferences: A New Look at Regional Variation in Health Care Spending
Authors: Cutler David , Skinner Jonathan S. , Stern Ariel Dora , Wennberg David
Published: January 2019

There is considerable controversy about the causes of regional variations in health care expenditures. Using vignettes from patient and physician surveys linked to fee-for-service Medicare expenditures, this study asks whether patient demand-side factors or physician supply-side factors explain these variations. The results indicate that patient demand is relatively unimportant in explaining variations. Physician organizational factors matter, but the most important factor is physician beliefs about treatment. In Medicare, we estimate that 35 percent of spending for end-of-life care and 12 percent of spending for heart attack patients (and for all enrollees) is associated with physician beliefs unsupported by clinical evidence. (JEL D83, H75, I11, I18)
Patchwork Policies, Spillovers, and the Search for Oil and Gas
Authors: Lewis Eric
Published: January 2019

The United States has a complex patchwork of mineral ownership, where rights to oil and gas may be owned by the federal government, state governments, or private agents. I show why the policies imposed by one owner have theoretically ambiguous spillover effects on the drilling and production outcomes of neighboring plots of land. Exploiting a natural experiment in Wyoming with exogenous ownership assignment, I find significant spillovers: federal land close to state land has a lower probability of drilling than federal land far from state land. (JEL H82, L71, P14,Q35, Q38)
An Estimable Model of Income Redistribution in a Federation: Musgrave Meets Oates
Authors: Milligan Kevin , Smart Michael
Published: January 2019

We develop a theory of cross-border income shifting in response to subnational personal taxation in a federation and examine its implications for the excess burden of personal taxes. We show how a properly chosen federal tax rate can offset the fiscal externality between states and facilitate decentralization, even in a heterogeneous federation where unitary taxation is suboptimal. Optimal taxes depend on the elasticities of national tax avoidance and of cross-state tax base shifting. We estimate these elasticities around a tax decentralization reform in Canada, finding both to be empirically relevant. We discuss the implications for optimal federalism. (JEL D31, H21, H23, H24, H26, H71, H77)
Direct and Spillover Effects of Middle School Vaccination Requirements
Authors: Carpenter Christopher S. , Lawler Emily C.
Published: January 2019

We study the direct and spillover effects of state requirements that middle school youths obtain a tetanus, diphtheria, and pertussis (Tdap) booster prior to middle school entry. These mandates significantly increased Tdap vaccine take-up and reduced pertussis (whooping cough) incidence by about 32 percent. We also document cross-vaccine spillovers: the mandates significantly increased adolescent vaccination rates for meningococcal disease and human papillomavirus (HPV)—which is responsible for 98 percent of cervical cancers—by 8–34 percent, with particularly large effects for children from low SES households. We find important roles for both parents and providers in generating these spillovers. (JEL H75, I12, I18, I21, I28, J13)
Who Really Benefits from Consumption Tax Cuts? Evidence from a Large VAT Reform in France
Authors: Benzarti Youssef , Carloni Dorian
Published: January 2019

This paper evaluates the incidence of a large cut in value-added taxes (VATs) for French sit-down restaurants in 2009. In contrast to previous studies, which only focus on the price effects of VAT reforms, we estimate the effects of the VAT cut on four groups: workers, firm owners, consumers, and suppliers of material goods. Using a difference-in-differences strategy on firm-level data, we find that: firm owners pocketed more than 55 percent of the VAT cut; consumers, sellers of material goods, and employees shared the remaining windfall with consumers benefiting the least; and the employment effects were limited. (JEL H22, H25, L83)
Cardio-oncology: management of cardiovascular toxicity
Authors: Markman Timothy M. , Markman Maurie
Published: January 2019

Traditional chemotherapeutic agents and newer targeted therapies for cancer have the potential to cause cardiovascular toxicities. These toxicities can result in arrhythmias, heart failure, vascular toxicity, and even death. It is important for oncologists and cardiologists to understand the basic diagnostic and management strategies to employ when these toxicities occur. While anti-neoplastic therapy occasionally must be discontinued in this setting, it can often be maintained with caution and careful monitoring. In the second of this two-part review series, we focus on the management of cardiovascular toxicity from anthracyclines, HER2/ErbB2 inhibitors, immune checkpoint inhibitors, and vascular endothelial growth factor inhibitors.
The Flip Side of the Coin: The Social and Ethical Problems of Introducing Digital Technologies
Authors: Коновалова В. , Konovalova Valyeriya
Published: January 2019

The article based on the generalization of data from foreign and domestic studies highlighted social and ethical problems and risks caused by the introduction of digital technologies and their manifestations in the field of human resource management. The main problems are the following: structural changes in the labor market and the attendant risks of reducing the level of professionalism and the educational system; “Digital inequality”, the emergence of new types of discrimination, including when working with big data and making decisions based on a proactive approach, and their impact on the growth of social inequality and social tension; changing confidentiality in professional and private spheres; problems associated with the development of the practice of monitoring and monitoring the effectiveness of personnel activities, incl. their impact on labor relations; responsibility issues and ethical boundaries of autonomous and intelligent technologies.
A Unifying Framework for Farrell Profit Efficiency Measurement
Authors: Färe Rolf , He Xinju , Li Sungko , Zelenyuk Valentin
Published: January 2019

As the most popular measures of technical efficiency, Farrell measures have not been incorporated explicitly in the decomposition of profit efficiency. By synthesizing existing measures of profit efficiency, the paper “A Unifying Framework for Farrell Profit Efficiency Measurement” establishes a general oriented model that includes many existing profit efficiency measures as special cases. Furthermore, the oriented measures generated from this model have consistent meaningful interpretation. This is also perhaps the first time in the literature that the Farrell technical efficiency and allocative efficiency are included as multiplicative components of profit efficiency. A new component is introduced to help decision makers distinguish input changes from output changes in improving profit efficiency.
A Ride-Sharing Problem with Meeting Points and Return Restrictions
Authors: Chen Wenyi , Mes Martijn , Schutten Marco , Quint Job
Published: January 2019

Ride sharing has been widely acknowledged as an effective solution for reducing travel costs, congestion, and pollution. This paper considers the ride-sharing problem of the scheduled commuter and business traffic within a closed community of companies that agree to share the calendars of their employees. We propose a formulation in the form of a general integer linear program (ILP) for the aforementioned ride-sharing problem, which incorporates return restrictions to satisfy the business needs, as well as meeting points and the option for riders to transfer between drivers. All the instances with 40 and 60 participants and most of the instances with 80 participants can be solved to optimality within a time limit of two hours. Using instances of up to 100 participants, the ILP can be solved with a gap of no more than 1.8% within the time limit. Because of the high computational complexity, we develop a constructive heuristic that is based on the savings concept. This heuristic is also able to combine ride sharing with the use of an external mobility service provider. Our numerical study shows that ride sharing can be an effective way of reducing the number of trips and vehicle miles. Particularly, ride sharing creates more benefits when the participation is high and when the origins and the destinations of the trips are more spatially concentrated. The results show that ride sharing can create up to 31.3% mileage savings and up to 28.7% reduction in the number of cars needed to fulfill employees’ travel schedules. We also illustrate our model using a real-life ride-sharing problem of a Dutch consultancy and research firm.

The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/trsc.2018.0832 .
Compassionate leadership in district nursing: a case study of a complex wound
Authors: Willis Shirley , Anstey Sally
Published: January 2019

This article encourages nurses to explore leadership in district nursing practice and community teams. The challenges faced by district nurses are discussed in relation to the current health policy agenda in Wales and the increasingly complex care demands being placed on district nursing services because of the aging population and the rise in numbers of individuals living longer with multiple long-term health conditions. The concept of compassionate leadership is presented and discussed using a case study approach. The article explores compassionate leadership in the context of caring for a patient with a complex malignant wound needing palliative care. A framework for practice is developed to illustrate compassionate leadership in action to meet the needs of both the team and of the nurses delivering person-centred care.
Follow-up visits to older patients after a hospital stay: nurses' perspectives
Authors: Karlsson Margareta , Karlsson Ingrid
Published: January 2019

Older patients with multimorbidity and extensive healthcare needs are at risk of frequent readmission to hospital after discharge. With a Swedish report entitled ‘Follow-up 48–72’ as its basis, the present study aimed to describe nurses' experiences of follow-up visits to older patients with multimorbidity 48 to 72 hours after discharge from hospital. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 10 nurses experienced with such home visits to older patients, and the material was analysed by qualitative content analysis. The results indicate that such visits by nurses can relieve patient anxiety, as patients are often unsure of the next steps, in terms of medication and care. According to the nurses, these visits created trust in the nurse–patient relationship and ensured patient safety. Follow-up visits soon after discharge from hospital should become a part of routine nursing, especially for older people with multimorbidity.
Platelet lysates from aged donors promote human tenocyte proliferation and migration in a concentration-dependent manner
Authors: Berger D. R. , Centeno C. J. , Steinmetz N. J.
Published: January 2019

Objectives

Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is being used increasingly often in the clinical setting to treat tendon-related pathologies. Yet the optimal PRP preparations to promote tendon healing in different patient populations are poorly defined. Here, we sought to determine whether increasing the concentration of platelet-derived proteins within a derivative of PRP, platelet lysate (PL), enhances tenocyte proliferation and migration in vitro, and whether the mitogenic properties of PL change with donor age.

Methods

Concentrated PLs from both young (< 50 years) and aged (> 50 years) donors were prepared by exposing pooled PRP to a series of freeze-thaw cycles followed by dilution in plasma, and the levels of several platelet-derived proteins were measured using multiplex immunoassay technology. Human tenocytes were cultured with PLs to simulate a clinically relevant PRP treatment range, and cell growth and migration were assessed using DNA quantitation and gap closure assays, respectively.

Results

Platelet-derived protein levels increased alongside higher PL concentrations, and PLs from both age groups improved tenocyte proliferation relative to control conditions. However, PLs from aged donors yielded a dose-response relationship in tenocyte behaviour, with higher PL concentrations resulting in increased tenocyte proliferation and migration. Conversely, no significant differences in tenocyte behaviour were detected when increasing the concentration of PLs from younger donors.

Conclusion

Higher PL concentrations, when prepared from the PRP of aged but not young donors, were more effective than lower PL concentrations at promoting tenocyte proliferation and migration in vitro. Cite this article: D. R. Berger, C. J. Centeno, N. J. Steinmetz. Platelet lysates from aged donors promote human tenocyte proliferation and migration in a concentration-dependent manner. Bone Joint Res 2019;8:32–40. DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.81.BJR-2018-0164.R1.
Charity self-regulation: a commentary on the NCVO’s Code of Ethics 2018
Authors: Carolei Domenico
Published: January 2019

In July 2018, the National Council for Voluntary Organisations (NCVO) released a draft version of the Code of Ethics (CoE) for the charity sector. This proposed code is currently under revision. The purpose of this policy paper is to provide a brief commentary on the CoE, highlighting its normative strengths and weaknesses, and proposing suggestions for improvement for each of the latter.
Karl Polanyi in the context of “non-death” of neoliberalism
Authors: Losoncz Alpár
Published: January 2019

Karl Polanyi’s works have been widely thematized regarding the transition in Central and Eastern Europe. The transition was viewed as the “second great transformation”. Polanyi’s works undoubtedly have numerous followers and it is owing to them that his works have started to be critically interpreted. We are here considering the possibility of reconceptualization of the works after the crisis of neoliberalism. The paper consists of three parts, each focusing on the selected points of Polanyi’s work. In the first part, the goal was to confront Polanyi’s thought with the consequences of neoliberalism; this part is explicitly involved in politicaleconomic reflection. The second part focuses on the discussion about the meaning of embeddedness, and the third part shows the relevance of some reflexions with respect to the money. The second and third part make a dialogue between political economy and economic sociology, economic anthropology, and economic theory.
Are traditional minority languages a bench marking for the rights of migrant languages in the European Union?
Authors: Houtkamp Christopher , Marácz László
Published: January 2019

In this paper a normative position will be defended. We will argue that minimal territorial minority language rights formulated in terms of the personality principle referring to traditional minority languages granted in the framework of the European Union (EU) are a benchmark for non-territorial linguistic rights. Although territorial minority languages should be granted collective rights this is in large parts of Europe not the case. Especially in the Central and Eastern European Member States language rights granted to territorial languages are assigned on the basis of personal language rights. Our argumentation will be elaborated on the basis of a comparative approach discussing the status of a traditional territorial language in Romania, more in particular Hungarian spoken in the Szeklerland area with the one of migrant languages in the Netherlands, more in particular Turkish. In accordance with the language hierarchy implying that territorial languages have a higher status than non-territorial languages both in the EUs and Member States’ language regimes nonterritorial linguistic rights will be realized as personal rights in the first place. Hence, the use of non-territorial minority languages is conditioned much as the use of territorial minority languages in the national Member States. So, the best possible scenario for mobile minority languages is to be recognized as a personal right and receive full support from the states where they are spoken. It is true that learning the host language would make inclusion of migrant language speakers into the host society smoother and securing a better position on the labour market. This should however be done without striving for full assimilation of the speakers of migrant languages for this would violate the linguistic rights of migrants to speak and cultivate one’s own heritage language, violate the EUs linguistic diversity policy, and is against the advantages provided by linguistic capital in the sense of BOURDIEU (1991).
Maritime piracy as an international crime in the 21st century
Authors: Pászka Imre Ágoston
Published: January 2019

Maritime piracy is an ancient crime which have still not disappeared and, since the mid 90s, we have been living a new golden age of piracy. According to the 2017 annual report of the International Maritime Bureau, 180 piratical incidents happened in that year. Although, piracy arised almost three decades ago, the international community only started dealing with it ten years ago on a dayto-day basis. That is why we can state that it became a ‘real’ international crime in this century. Piracy has always been linked with the Carribean – and it has turned up there again – but there are new hotspots, as well. In the past decade the region of the Gulf of Aden (and mainly the coast of Somalia) was the infamous one, despite the fact that the most reported attacks have been happening in Southeast Asia since the 90s. The Gulf of Guinea is also dangerous and the most violent piratical attacks happen there. Pirates endanger the most important sea trade line all over the world. Last year, according to the Oceans Beyond Piracy foundation, they caused more than $10 billion total cost for the economy in all endangered regions. And, of course, it threatens the lives of the seafarers, as well: according to this report, 19 of them were killed during the attacks. It is clear that the international community has to fight piracy. There are several joint patrols in all of the regions mentioned above, but as effective they can be, they are only symptomatic treatment of the problem. The states have to deal with the criminal accountability of pirates to create a real restraining force to prevent them from committing the crime again.
The mental map of a rural (workers’) housing estate in Hungary
Authors: Dobák Judit
Published: January 2019

The results from two stages of a research project will be compared in this study. The research was conducted at a housing estate which used to belong to a characteristic element of the Borsod industrial region, the metallurgy in Diósgyõr. 20 years ago, when the research was done, it was also a methodological experiment. The goal of the research was to map and understand the complex lifestyle of the inhabitants of the colony mostly in the context of historical anthropology. Mental mapping was one of the research methods. Today, the research applies mental mapping as a central method and intends to reveal the social changes over time based on the information gathered in the previous research. The architectural environment and permanent spatial system of the housing estate makes it a suitable research site for fine tuning mental maps and drawing more detailed ones. The present research aims to contribute to this by including the time factor.
The Temporal World in Caregivers of Cancer Survivors: Intertextual Analysis of their Experiences about the Perception of Time Compared with Excerpts from the Book "Einstein's Dreams
Authors: Vargas Rafael , Camargo Andrés
Published: January 2019

Purpose:
The perception of time and its measurements depend on subjective constructs that vary according to changes in health. The evidence has shown that cancer diagnosis induces new relationships with time in patients and caregivers. The purpose of this study was to propose a multifaceted view about time perception referred by caregivers of cancer survivors.

Methods:
This study used a qualitative phenomenological methodology including semi-structured interviews with caregivers of cancer survivors. Transcripts of the interviews were analyzed using an approach for intertextual analysis, taking as reference the book "Einstein's dreams".

Results:
The analysis of transcripts shows changes caregivers’ time perception. Participants were grouped into three essential moments related to each stage of the disease. The variations found in the perception of time in caregivers can be explained by common physiological and behavioral responses associated with the diagnosis of a chronic disease (i.e. stress, anxiety, fear, unhappiness, and sadness), which can be modified in the course of the disease.

Conclusions:
We propose that a holistic approach to patient and caregiver care should include management of time perception, thus establishing interventions that facilitate a change in the experience of time perception into a more pleasant experience after a cancer diagnosis. The above may result in increased quality of patient care and possibly increased quality of life of caregivers.