bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Implementation of Persistent Relay Carrier Sensing Multiple Access Cooperative Communication Protocol for Ad Hoc Network
Authors:   Assistant Professor, Department of Electronics Engineering, DKTES’ TEI, Ichalkaranji., Pore Smruti
Published: July 2021

With the increasing demand for network coverage and congestion-free network traffic, cooperative communication is getting more and more attention from network researchers. Cooperation communication is explored in a number of ways. Such various techniques are studied and one method is discussed in this paper. PRCSMA- Persistent Relay Carrier Sense Multiple Access Protocol is a very efficient protocol that gives good results for cooperative communication. This protocol is implemented using NS2 (Network Simulator). Its analysis is carried out in this paper. This will be useful to compare the advantages of cooperative communication over regular wireless communication.
Quick and Efficient Algorithm to Compare Trees
Authors:   Dept. of Electronics and Communication, R.V College of Engineering, Bangalore, India., M Sowjanya , V. Dr. Kiran ,   Dept. of Electronics and Communication, R.V College of Engineering, Bangalore, India.
Published: July 2021

The tree is an important data structure in computer science and it finds its applications in various fields right from representing hierarchical data to implementing faster search algorithms or even in compiler design. This paper proposes a simple method to visualize the differences and similarities between any two trees. The result of the comparison is known as the Difference Tree which provides a graphical notation to intuitively understand the differences.
A Scale for Assessing the Quality of Date and Date Palm Cultivars
Authors: Al-Mayah Abdulridha
Published: July 2021

In this research, a scale was developed to assess the quality of fruits of date palm cultivars. The scale was based on the evaluation of the fruiting characteristics of the date palm, which included the characteristics of Khalal, which given 10 degrees, Rutab characteristics which given 20 degrees, Tamer characteristics which given 20 degrees, production which given 5 degrees and ripening time which 5 degrees, with a total of 60 degrees for the quality of cultivar. The quality of cultivar was divided into five classes or levels of quality depending on the sum of the degrees of the five fruit characteristics, as follows: 1-14 Low quality, 15-24 Medium (average) quality, 25-34 Good quality, 35-44 Very good quality and 44-60 Excellent quality.
Tolerance of Benthic Diatoms to Severe Environmental Stress: A Case Study in Shatt Al-Arab River, Basrah, Iraq
Authors: Al-Saedy Rehab
Published: July 2021

The present work aims at investigating the ability of diatoms to re-establish their community after a severe environmental stress such desiccation. Diatoms were subjected to extreme environmental stress to observe their survival capability. Samples of sediment were collected from three sites, Maqal, Abu Flos and Al-Faw along the course of Shatt Al-Arab river. Different temperature regimes were implemented for testing the ability of diatoms to recover desiccation. Experiments were performed at various temperatures, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35 and 40 ℃. A total of 67 diatom species were identified and included freshwater forms (25%), brackish water forms (25%) and marine species (26%), as well as 24% of taxa with undefined ecological preferences. The recovery rate of diatom species at all sites appeared to be rather similar. 40%, 38% and 37% of all taxa encountered were able to recover desiccation at sites 1, 2 and 3, respectively. Recovering ability of those species varies with variable temperature. Favourable temperature for most species to regrow ranged between 15 and 25 oC. Nitzschia palea exhibited the maximum growth rate at all temperatures (10-35 oC). 32% of all epiphytic species encountered were able to recover at 20 oC. Five species: Craspedostauros britannicus, Nitzschia invisitata, Pinnularia quadratarea, Simonsenia sp. and Tryblionella plana were not previously reported in Iraq and considered as new to the region. A new species, Synedropsis abuflosensis, was found. The outcome of the present work clearly indicates that some species of diatoms can recover after exposure to sever environmental stress.
Checklist of Fish Hosts of Species of Contracaecum Railliet & Henry, 1912 (Nematoda: Ascaridida: Anisakidae) in Iraq
Authors: Mhaisen Furhan
Published: July 2021

Surveying literature concerning the occurrence of the nematode larval forms of the genus Contracaecum in fishes of Iraq, showed the infection of 44 freshwater and marine fish species in Iraq with such larvae. The infection included larvae of unidentified Contracaecum species, Contracaecum rudolphii type-B and Contracaecum septentrionale Kreis, 1955. The infections were distributed in Tigris, Euphrates and Shatt Al-Arab rivers as well as some of their tributaries, lakes, marshes, drainage networks in addition to many fish ponds and floating cages in different parts of Iraq. This checklist also provided references on some histopathological and biochemical changes, some ecological aspects of the infection, life cycle and scanning electron microscopy. In addition, this checklist includes literature on six species of adult Contracaecum species as well some unidentified species of this genus from 17 bird species from different parts of Iraq, of which both Eurasian bittern Botaurus stellaris and pygmy cormorant Microcarbo pygmaeus were infected with a maximum number of three Contracaecum species as well as unidentified species of this genus.
The catalytic performances of α-MnO2 and δ-MnO2 catalysts synthesized from KMnO4 and ethanol for total oxidation of isopropanol
Authors: Nguyen Tuan , Phan Nga
Published: July 2021

In this study, the catalytic activities of total oxidation of isopropanol (IPA) over MnO2-based catalysts (α-MnO2 and δ-MnO2) were studied and compared. These catalysts were synthesized by an oxidation/reduction route between ethanol and KMnO4 by using dropwise method. Their morphological, structural properties, specific surface area, pore distribution and reducibility were characterized by SEM, XRD, FTIR, N2 isothermal adsorption-desorption, and hydrogen temperature-programmed reduction (H2-TPR). As a result, IPA was significantly oxidized to acetone at low temperature (<130 °C) and subsequently to CO2 at higher temperature. α-MnO2 was demonstrated as a better catalyst for total oxidation of IPA compared with δ-MnO2. Over 205 °C, IPA was completely oxidized to CO2. Additionally, the high reducibility of δ-MnO2 was found to be correlated with higher activity of IPA toward acetone at low temperature.
Improving the catalytic activity of Au/SiO2 catalyst in the directly conversion of CO2, C2H4 and H2 using a new dual-reactor concept
Authors: Truong Duc , Nguyen Huy , Le Thang
Published: July 2021

Directly conversion of CO2 to propanol using C2H4 and H2 had succeeded over Au/SiO2 catalyst in one reactor mode. However, application of new dual-reactor concept enhaned the catalytic activity strongly by using two saparated reactors. To this details, a first reactor is used to convert CO2 to CO through the reverse water gas shift (RWGS) reaction, consecutive hydroformylation of C2H4 with resulting CO and H2 to propanal and finally the hydrogenation of propanal to propanol takes place in a second reactor at a different temperature. The selectivity to oxo products (propanol and propanal) increased from 15% up to 60% while yeild of oxo products improved from 7% to 15% in comparison with the previous publications.
Effect of carbonization temperature on the lithium storage performances of porous Sb/C nanocomposite
Authors: Le Hang , Nguyen Huyen , Hoang Thuy
Published: July 2021

In the present study, Sb/C nanocomposites have been synthesized using citrate-gel method in combination with a carbonization process at different temperatures in N2 gas. At reasonable carbonization temperatures, the porous Sb/C nanocomposites with novel foam like-interconnected three-dimensional structure, which is built-up by nanosized Sb particles covered by a carbon shell, are obtained. Among the synthesized composites, the Sb/C-600 sample, which is calcinated at 600 oC, exhibit the best lithium storage. At a discharge-charge rate of 0.1 C, the Sb/C-600 electrode can supply an initial reversible specific capacity of 640.7 mA h g-1, 1.7 times higher than the theoretical specific capacity of graphite anode. During 100 cycles, the electrode shows a slight capacity decay with 0.0348% of loss capacity per cycle. Because of this featured architecture, the Sb/C nanocomposites severe as anode material with enhanced lithium storage performances for rechargeable lithium ion batteries.
PENGARUH NON PERFORMING FINANCING (NPF), FINANCING TO DEPOSIT RATIO (FDR) dan CAPITAL ADQUACY RATIO (CAR) TERHADAP RETURN ON EQUITY (ROE) BANK SYARIAH
Authors: Sri Mulyani
Published: July 2021

Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh Non Performing Financing (NPF), Financing to Deposit Ratio (FDR) dan Capital Adquacy Ratio (CAR) terhadap Retun On Equity (ROE) bank syariah baik secara parsial maupun simultan. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif dengan pendekatan explanatory. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh Bank Umum Syariah di Indonesia. Sampel dalam penelitian ini dilakukan secara purposive sampling yang menghasilkan sampel sebanyak 4 Bank Umum Syariah. Sumber data dalam penelitian ini adalah data sekunder yang diambil dari laporan publikasi ilmiah dari website bank umum syariah, website Bank Indonesia dan website Otoritas Jasa Keuangan (OJK). Pengambilan data secara berurutan selama lima tahun secara triwulanan sehingga jumlah pengamatan adalah sebanyak 80 pengamatan dan 320 data.

Penelitian ini menghasilkan bahwa pengaruh nilai NPF terhadap ROE diperoleh t sebesar -5,11 dengan signikansi 0,000 sehingga T hitung > T tabel (-5,11>1,99) dan signifikansi 0,000 < 0,05. Sehingga NPF berpengaruh negatif dan signifikan. Pengaruh FDR terhadap ROE didapatkan nilai t sebesar -2.249 dengan signifikansi 0,000 sehingga T hitung > T tabel (-2.249>1,99) dan signifikansi 0,27 > 0,05 sehingga FDR berpengaruh negatif dan tidak signifikan terhadap ROE. Pengaruh CAR terhadap ROE didapatkan nilai t sebesar 0,959 dengan signifikansi 0,352 sehingga T hitung < T tabel(0,959>1,99) dan signifikansi 0,352 > 0,05 sehingga CAR berpengaruh positif dan tidak signifikan terhadap ROE. Sedangkan pada uji simultan didapatkan nilai F sebesar 9,369 dengan signikansi 0,001 sehingga F hitung > T tabel (9,359 > 2,72) dan signifikansi 0,001 < 0,05 sehingga secara simultan NPF, FDR dan CAR berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap ROE.
China’s National Cybersecurity Center: A Base for Military-Civil Fusion in the Cyber Domain
Authors:   Center for Security and Emerging Technology, Cary Dakota
Published: July 2021

China’s National Cybersecurity Center (NCC) resides on a 40 km2 plot in Wuhan. As one indication of its significance, the Chinese Communist Party’s highest-ranking members have an oversight committee for the facility. Over the next decade, the NCC will provide the talent, innovation, and indigenization of cyber capabilities that China’s Ministry of State Security, Ministry of Public Security, and People’s Liberation Army Strategic Support Force hacking teams lack. Though still under construction, the NCC’s first class of graduates will cross the stage in June 2022.
Colour me Revolutionary
Authors: Avina Avital Zuk
Published: July 2021

Colour in China has a long history of artistic, symbolic, religious, and mythological use. This paper takes the idea of colour as a meaningful element within Chinese society and introduces the use of visual colour grammar as a new way to identify and breakdown the use of colour within political art and propaganda posters. The use of colour has been adapted by visual linguists into its own unique visual grammar component, relaying much more information than just a symbolic transfer from sign to signifier. Meaning within political posters can be derived from regularities in use, presentation, and conventional meanings. Colour as a visual grammar component is expressed through the three metafunctions: ideational, interpersonal, and textual.

This paper explores how the Chinese views on colour interconnects with the metafunctions of colour to look at the political posters of the PRC. I will discuss both the approach to art as a text that can be ‘read’ through visual grammar and present colour in the Chinese context as more than a symbol making device but as a meaning component in and of itself.
Guarding the Space In-between
Authors: Tang Ling
Published: July 2021

Based on eight in-depth interviews, this article analyses the quandary faced by liberal mainland Chinese student migrants in Hong Kong. On the one hand, the liberal pro-democracy movements in Hong Kong are deeply intertwined with the rise of localism, which is based on a dichotomy between Hong Kong and mainland China. On the other hand, a rising, development-centric nationalism in mainland China reduces Hong Kong protesters to unemancipated British colonial subjects. However, in the context of this “double marginalisation,” liberal Mainland students guard a form of liberalism that transcends both Hong Kong localism and Chinese nationalism. They debunk the stereotype of mainland Chinese students being apolitical and therefore provide an alternative definition of being Chinese. They challenge the view that mainland Chinese can only be emancipated outside mainland China to destabilise a Fukuyamian linear interpretation of history. They use four tactics to cope with double marginalisation: understanding localists, befriending expatriates, assuming professionalism, and becoming apolitical.

Image © Ling Tang
The Digital Illusion
Authors: Becher Angela
Published: July 2021

This paper examines how Chinese new media artists negotiate the symbolic nature of urban space via 3D-modelled simulations, augmented and mixed reality. Via semiotic and media analysis, the paper scrutinises the ontology of these media in their deployment of spatial parameters such as proportion, perspective, stasis and motion to create an ideologically informed spatial narrative. The paper contrasts the imaginary of architecture and space in the independent 3D animation film Mist by Zhang Xiaotao and Cao Fei’s Second Life project RMB City against the implementation of video art in Zhu Xiaowen’s mixed reality performance Wearable Urban Routine and the augmented reality app Statue of Democracy & Tank Man by artist collective 4 Gentlemen. It be will argued that in all the discussed works, the use of the digital medium serves to create a temporary illusion whereby the ephemeral experience of a virtual world can help to better understand the role of the human in actual, physical space, which adopts particular importance in the context of a radically transforming country. This study contributes to the growing scholarship on the interlinkages between Chinese art, architecture and the city and on the increasing importance of technology within Chinese cultural studies.

Image with permission from © Zhu Xiaowen
FAKTOR RISIKO YANG BERHUBUNGAN DENGAN KELUHAN PENGLIHATAN PADA PEKERJA BENGKEL LAS KOTA BENGKULU
Authors: Widanda Agus , Refiyanti Rizki
Published: July 2021

Pekerja pengelasan menduduki peringkat kedua dalam hal proporsi pekerja yang mengalami cidera mata, sekitar 1390 kasus eye injury disebabkan karena pajanan bunga api pengelasan. Berdasarkan survai awal sebanyak 75% pekerja bengkel las Kota Bengkulu merasakan keluhan penglihatan. Beberapa faktor yang diduga merupakan faktor risiko keluhan penglihatan pada pekerja bengkel las yaitu masa kerja, lama paparan, alat pelindung mata. Tujuan Penelitian adalah mengetahui faktor risiko yang berhubungan dengan keluhan penglihatan pada pekerja bengkel las Kota Bengkulu. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian analitik kuantitatif. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode pendekatan cross sectional. Analisis data dilakukan menggunakan analisis univariat dan bivariat dan disajikan dalam bentuk tabel distribusi frekuensi, uji statistik dan narasi. Hasil penelitian berdasarkan distribusi frekuensi masa kerja > 3 tahun (54,75%), lama paparan > 4 jam (60,4%), APM kacamata gelap biasa (83%), ada keluhan penglihatan (59,4%) dan menunjukan bahwa ada hubungan yang bermakna antara masa kerja dengan keluhan penglihatan yaitu (ρ value=0,046), lama paparan yaitu (ρ value=0,027). Tidak ada hubungan yang bermakna antara alat pelindung mata dengan keluhan penglihatan yaitu (ρ value=0,917). Bagi pekerja bengkel las diharapkan untuk menggunakan APD sesuai standar agar dapat menghindari kecelakaan kerja atau penyakit akibat kerja.
Energy Optimization and Power Stack Shed Reduction of Oil Depots by using Renewable Energy Resources
Authors: Mahmood Muhammad Azhar , Bhatti Muhammad Kamran Liaqat , Raza S. , Riaz M.
Published: July 2021

Most of the industries including the oil sector are looking forward towards the renewable energy resources with proper energy management system (EMS) as it is the need of time. For this purpose, solar and wind energy are the renewable energy resources, which are obtained from natural resources and produce clean and environment -friendly electrical energy and can be used for oil depots. The proper utilization of solar and wind energy from natural resource may result in economical and cost-effective EMS. In the proposed research work, an effective energy management demonstration is delivered to ensure the ceaseless flexibility of power. Furthermore, reduction of production per unit cost to the oil sector industry by utilizing multiple objectives streamlining. In the proposed oil depot, connected loads are divided into Shiftable and Non-Shiftable loads and then apply Branch and Bound Algorithm (BnB) with binary integer linear programming (BILP). By using the BnB technique, selected shiftable loads are shifted to the low cost energy resource automatically and resultantly, we get the low price unit cost and continuous power supply. Simulation results for the above-mentioned research work are performed on MATLAB. The proposed technique helps to reduce the power stack shedding issue as well.
Experimental Investigation of Wing Accuracy Quantification using Point Cloud and Surface Deviation
Authors: Ahmad Mehmood , Nasir Sheharyar , Rahman Zia Ur , Salamat Shuaib , Sajjad Umar , Raza Asad
Published: July 2021

A rapidly advancing lean production industry demands quick manufacturing solutions with greater precision and accuracy. This paper proposes a framework for the accurate quantification of a die-casted wing using laser scanning and reverse engineering technique. In this technique, the wing upper and lower surfaces are scanned using a Coordinate Measuring Machine (CMM). This scanned data is then imported into CAD software to generate the surface using Free Form Reverse Engineering (FFRE). The model fitness test patronizes the curve fitting used for the surface generation. The generated surface and the original 3D CAD model are investigated using deviation analysis for inaccuracies originating due to manufacturing and data acquisition. The wing is further analyzed by the point data to 3D CAD model deviation analysis. The methodology adopted significantly minimizes the data acquisition and data processing error allowing deviation to be solely traced back to the manufacturing technique.
A Hybrid Approach for Feature Extraction and Classification Using Machine Learning Techniques
Authors: Alvi Asim , Sultan Kashif , Syed Adeel Muzaffar
Published: July 2021

Artificial intelligence (AI) solutions are used to help make choices that include a high precision of choices they recommend and a deep understanding of choices, so that the chiefs can trust them. Verifiable, non-emblematic learning methods have greater perceptive accuracy. Express, fair representation information learning method produces increasingly justifiable Approach’s. Hybrid AI systems analyses the data and exploratory characteristics of approach types. The fundamental purpose of this commitment is to differentiate between a proper AI strategy for choice of assistance that produces reliable and fairoutcomes, depending on the various AI techniques, which provide an analysis of different approaches either with special or similar datasets. Comprehensibility is measured subjectively, however, by the form of learning process and the scale of the resulting representation of knowledge. We need a hybrid approach for classification using feature extraction in preprocessing of imbalanced dataset (raw dataset) by normalization for better classification, accuracy, and minimization of Error Rate for the smaller amount of training of significant dataset and lesser amount of training time for a good result. Moreover, data preprocessing play very important role in the field of machine learning, the result is more accurate if your data is cleanedotherwise some misclassification occurs which tend to be problematic in classification problems. Therefore, hybrid comparative analysis and approach is required for the selection of dataset with respect to machine learning classifier that will having different results with different data sets based on the hybrid approach to achieve maximum best results against any dataset. Input with maximum accurate result will be reproduced from our hybrid approach because this approach shows which type of classifiers should be used under what type of dataset you have, meanwhile exception of the generous fact based on results should be different among different classifiers when applied to different dataset. After that, a comparative analysis of different algorithms with different dataset has made and a comparison shows the enhanced significant generic approach with the hybrid approach, a clear result in the form of accuracy, precision, recall and f1 score shows the results against the specific techniques against the dataset and that tell us about the accuracy and rate of misclassification error. At the end we will see which machine learning algorithm improves the accuracy for which type of dataset.
Design and Development of Rotating Magnetic Field Inverter for Voltage Regulation
Authors: Siddique Muhammad , Amjad Kiran , Shahzad Muhammad , Khalid Ayesha , Mukhtar Sara , Syed Bushra , Zohaib Mirza
Published: July 2021

In this paper, a novel of rotating magnetic field inverter is proposed. The working principle of inverter is based on the field modulation technique that is changing flux in a coil induces an emf in it. The proposed inverter deals with power quality issues such as voltage sags and swells, harmonics, transients and voltage fluctuations in the distribution line. The inverter is composed of groups of coils arranged in a circular pattern and an output inductive coil is placed in the center. The rotating magnetic field in the outer groups of coils cuts the output central coil, an emf is induced in it due to varying field. The rotating magnetic field inverter work as a dynamic voltage restorer to compensate the voltage dips by injecting power into distribution lines and vice versa. Comparing with the traditional DVRs, it consumes less power, highly efficient and have less circuit complexity. The whole model and architecture of RMI is being discussed. The validity of the proposed methodology is verified using MATLAB simulation.
FROM THE HISTORY NO. 348 OF THE CAMPS OF JAPANESE PRISONERS OF WAR OF THE NKVD-MINISTRY OF INTERNAL AFFAIRS OF THE USSR AND ASHCHYSAY POLYMETALLIC PLANT
Authors:   Institute of History and Law, Abay Kazakh National Pedagogical University, Republic of Kazakhstan, Almaty, Myrzatayeva Z.B.
Published: July 2021

The history of the development of the natural resources of Aschysai, which the Moscow center paid special attention to, was considered one-sided in Soviet historiography. Its light and shadow sides still need to be fully explored. The means of historical and anthropological research in modern historical science allow a comprehensive and objective study of this problem. The article describes the working days of the Japanese in the prisoner of war camp No. 348 of the NKVD - (MVD) of the USSR, created in Aschysai in 1945. Japanese prisoners of war performed the hardest work on the mines of the Aschysai polymetallic combine, agriculture in Turkestan, as well as cultural construction of the region (construction of buildings, industrial enterprises, construction of workers ' settlements). Some of the buildings from which they were built, still serve the people. The article also analyzes the memoirs of children of Polish citizens who were deported in revealing the content of this problem. The study used documents from the archives of the Department of internal Affairs of Kazakhstan in Shymkent, rgae, TSGA RK, Fund the ASMC and the materials of field expeditions (interviews with local residents) in rural communities Ashchysay, Kentau, Bayuldur, etc. the History of camp No. 348 and everyday life of the Japanese prisoners has not previously been the subject of special studies. Accordingly, documentary materials are introduced into scientific circulation here for the first time.
HISTORY OF FORCED RESIDENCE IN EASTERN KAZAKHSTAN IN THE 1930s.
Authors:   Kazakh Humanitarian Law Innovative University, PhD Doctoral student, (Republic of Kazakhstan, Semeycity), Dzhakipova T.U.
Published: July 2021

This articleis dedicated the first deportation of the Polish people to Kazakhstan after political changes in the country, including the first arrival of Poles in East Kazakhstan. The process of resettlement of Germans and Koreans, as well as Poles began in 1930. Especially majority of immigrants in Kazakhstan were Koreans. Besides, it is written about the history of the German and Polish peoples, who were first deported to Kazakhstan from Ukraine and Russia. The article is based on the growth of German settlements in the Akmola, Semey, Pavlodar, Omsk and Barnaul regions at the beginning of the 20th century. The repressions of 1937-1938 had a special impact on the socio-demographic development of the population of the East Kazakhstan region. The local population has decreased, but the population growth has occurred at the expense of other nationalities.
Features of the birth rate of the kazakh population in the modern period and the formation of new trends in demographic development
Authors:   Senior Lecturer of the East Kazakhstan University named after S. Amanzholov, Ust-Kamenogorsk, Sarsembaeva G.A.
Published: July 2021

At the present stage of the development of Kazakhstan, there is a stabilization of the demographic situation, an increase in the population, and a weakening of the migration outflow from the republic. Among the factors that influence demographic processes, endogenous becomes the dominant one. The above brings to the fore the problem of analyzing the processes of reproduction and fertility. The article considers the following characteristics of fertility-age-by-age indicators, the total coefficient and the net coefficient. The analysis of birth rates is presented in the regional context. The paper presents statistical data on the reproduction of the Kazakh ethnic group in the period from 1990 to 2009. Based on the analysis of statistical data, the author of the article made conclusions that allow us to talk about the formation of new trends in the demographic development of the Kazakh ethnic group.
ON SOME ASPECTS OF ETHNO-DEMOGRAPIHICPROCESSES IN NORTH AZERBAIJAN IN THE 19th CENTURY
Authors:   Institute of Archeology and Ethnography of the National Academy of Sciences of Azerbaijan, Ph.D. in history, associate professor, Republic of Azerbaijan, Baku city, e-mail: sh-tahir@rambler.ru, Shahbazov Tahir
Published: July 2021

After the agreements signed between tsarist Russia and Iran and Turkey in the 19th century (The Gulustan Peace Treaty of 1813, Turkmenchay Peace Treaty of 1828 and Edirne Peace Treaty (The Treaty of Adrianople) of 1829), very serious political processes took place in NorthAzerbaijan. As a result of the tsarism’s resettlement policy, which served the plan to Russify and Christianize the region, a large number of Germans, Russians, Armenians, Poles, Greeks and other ethnic groups were resettled in the region. New settlements and villages were built for some of them, and some of them were settled on lands, villages and settlements belonging to local people. This, in turn, led to the migration of the local population, leaving their ancestral lands. Bazing on sources and literature is made attempts in the article to analyze these political events that have a significant impact on the ethno-demographic structure of North Azerbaijan.
SOCIAL-VALUE HIERARCHY OF ANIMALS IN KAZAKH TRADITIONAL SOCIETY
Authors:   Professor of the Academy of Logistics and Transport, Almaty, Kazakhstan, Akbaeva L.N. , Akbaeva A.N. ,   Professor of the Academy of Civil Aviation, Almaty, Kazakhstan, е-mail: akmaral-akbayeva@mail.ru
Published: July 2021

In the article, the authors examine the social-value hierarchy of animals in the Kazakh traditional society, which was characterized by an attitude towards animals, especially livestock, from the point of view of the greatest or least respect. Some of the animals were placed on the same level of the social hierarchy with humans. The Kazakhs have such a horse, which was the main animal not only in the economy, but also in the process of socialization of Kazakhs. In addition to the horse, in Kazakh traditional society, two birds had a special social and value status – the swan and the nightingale. This phenomenon was due to the nomadic way of life of the Kazakh people, which left an imprint on their consciousness, rituals, everyday life and artistic culture in general.
LEISURE PREFERENCES OF MODERN KAZAKH YOUTH
Authors:   Chief Researcher of the Altaytanu Research Center of Amanzholov University, Ust-Kamenogorsk, Kazakhstan, Stolyarova E.O.
Published: July 2021

The article presents some results of the sociological study " Values and social practices of the Kazakh youth (on the example of the East Kazakhstan region)". The main attention is paid to the issues of leisure preferences of modern Kazakh youth. The main research focus is on comparing the interests, values, and social practices of three groups of respondents who differ in the time of socialization in the urban environment – indigenous citizens (group A), who recently came to the city from rural areas to study or work (group B), and those who spent their childhood in the village, but have been undergoing the process of adapting to the urban lifestyle for several years (group C). This approach allows the authors to identify the algorithm of changes in values characteristic of the processes of modernization of the Kazakh youth in the context of urbanization. Special attention is paid to the leisure sphere – preferred activities, interests in literature, movies, and television series. The influence of such factors as urbanization and globalization on the content of free time of the Kazakh urban youth is considered.
DOCUMENTS OF THE ARCHIVE OF THEMINISTRY OFFOREIGN AFFAIRS OF THE REPUBLICOF BELARUS AS AN IMPORTANT SOURCEFOR STUDYING THEDEVELOPMENT OF BELARUSIAN-KAZAKHSTAN RELATIONS IN 1995-2009
Authors:   Institute of History of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Republic of Belarus, Minsk, st. Academic 1., Aleksandrovich E.A.
Published: July 2021

The article analyzes the documents of the Archive of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Belarus from 1995 to 2009. The characteristics of documents in terms of information content, scientific value and significance are given, which made it possible to study the history of Belarusian-Kazakh relations more deeply and professionally. An analysis of the documents showed that the states supported each other in the international arena and had some problems in the trade and economic sphere. The important role of the Belarusian diaspora was noted.
RESEARCHS OF KURGANS No. 33 AND 34 AT THE BURIAL GRAVE OF TAUSAMALY
Authors:   Master of Historical Sciences, director of LLP Archeological Expedition.Almaty, Kazakhstan, Umarkhojiyev A.
Published: July 2021

The article presents the materials of archaeological research carried out in the field season of 2020 in the Aksu district, Almaty region of the Republic of Kazakhstan, by the employees of the Archaeological Expedition LLP. The works were carried out on mounds 33 and 34 of the Tausamaly burial ground. The burial ground consists of more than 80 embankments and occupies the entire alluvial cone of the Aksu River. The planigraphy of the burial ground, the construction of embankments, specific non-burial structures and the presence of a Pazyryk appearance on the northern outskirts of the monument (emergency excavations in 2019) made it possible to attribute the Tausamals to the Late Pazyryk type. As a result of new research, burials in stone boxes, on the back, with their heads in the northwestern sector, were revealed under the mounds of the mounds. Accompanying inventory and funeral rites allow the monuments to be dated to the end of the 1st millennium BC. Analogies are found in a small group of burials in stone and wooden boxes on the territory of Zhetysu. A similar type is found scattered among the mounds of the Sako-Usun time in the burial grounds of Kadyrbai III, at the Chilik tobacco state farm, Kzyl-Espe and others dating from the 4th century. BC. until the IV century. AD Newly examined burials in boxes supplement the available data, and their finding in a burial ground with pronounced Pazyryk features makes it possible to establish links for the entire group with the burial traditions of the nomads of Sayan-Altai and Mongolia at the end of the 1st millennium BC. and the turn of the era.
ZAKI VALIDI TOGAN: PAST AND PRESENT
Authors:   Ufa Law Institute of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, Ufa, Russian Federation, Bukanova R.G. ,   Head of the Scientific Laboratory of South Ural Urban Studies, Bashkir State University, Ufa, Russian Federation
Published: July 2021

Human life fits into the philosophical categories of space and time. Time inexorably weeds out everything material, leaving only names and returning them to the space in which they lived and created. Former Persona non grata in the USSR, Zaki Validi Togan is now widely recognized as a world-renowned orientalist. He made a great contribution to the study of the history and ethnography of the Turkic-speaking peoples of Russia, but a special place in his work is occupied by an interest in the historical fate of the Bashkir, Kazakh and Nogai peoples. In the past, he is an equally well-known politician, statesman, founder of the first autonomous republic of Bashkortostan in Russia. This article is an attempt to consider some episodes of the multifaceted activities of Zaki Validi Togan through the prism of modern approaches to his era.
Production of tomato seedlings using seeds pelleted with Natrum muriaticum and submitted to saline stress
Authors: Yoshikawa Aline Mako , Bonfim Filipe Pereira Giardini , Casali Vicente Wagner Dias
Published: July 2021

The development and yield of plants is directly related to the effects of salinity. There are several reports in scientific studies of significant reduction in the growth and production of tomato in soils with high electrical conductivity. The correction or recovery of salinized soils, although technically possible, is a slow and very expensive process, making it necessary to develop new technologies. The objective of this study is to evaluate the production of tomato (Solanum lycopersicon L.) seedlings using seeds pelleted with a homeopathic preparation of Natrum muriaticum (Nat-m) submitted to saline stress. The treatments consisted of the pelletization of tomato seeds with six dynamizations of Nat-m (3cH, 5cH, 7cH, 9cH, 11cH and 13cH). Coated or uncoated seeds (controls) were placed in phenolic foam blocks, kept in plastic trays previously moistened with 50 mM NaCl saline solution (2.922 g.L-1 of NaCl, electrical conductivity = 4.5 dSm-1) and nutrient solution (0.15 dS.m-1) at half the ionic strength, containing 4, 1, 2, 1, 0.5 and 0.5 mmol.L-1 of N, P, K, Ca, Mg and S, and 17.5, 9.5, 10.5, 2, 0.45 and 0.35 mmol.L-1 of Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu and Mo, respectively. The variables evaluated were germination percentage, germination speed index, shoot length, leaf area, number of leaves, root volume, root dry matter, and shoot dry matter. The treatments pelleted seeds/talc Nat-m 5cH and pelleted seeds/talc Nat-m 7cH increased all variables evaluated. They differed statistically from the controls, with a positive response for the development of tomato seedlings under disequilibrium conditions.
The number fraction of iron-containing particles affects OH, HO2 and H2O2 budgets in the atmospheric aqueous phase
Authors: Khaled Amina , Zhang Minghui , Ervens Barbara
Published: July 2021

Abstract. Reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as OH, HO2, H2O2 affect the oxidation capacity of the atmosphere and cause adverse health effects of particulate matter. The role of transition metal ions (TMIs) in impacting the ROS concentrations and conversions in the atmospheric aqueous phase has been recognized for a long time. Model studies usually assume that the total TMI concentration as measured in bulk aerosol or cloud water samples is distributed equally across all particles or droplets. This assumption is contrary to single-particle measurements that have shown that only a small number fraction of particles contain iron and other TMIs (FN,Fe < 100 %) which implies that also not all cloud droplets contain TMIs. In the current study, we apply a box model with an explicit multiphase chemical mechanism to simulate ROS formation and cycling in (i) aqueous aerosol particles and (ii) cloud droplets. Model simulations are performed for the range of 1 % ≤ FN,Fe ≤ 100 % for constant pH values of 3, 4.5 and 6 and constant total iron concentration (10 or 50 . Model results are compared for two sets of simulations with FN,Fe < 100 % (FeN < 100) and 100 % (FeBulk). We find largest differences between model results in OH and HO2/O2− concentrations at pH = 6. Under these conditions, HO2 is subsaturated in the aqueous phase because of its high effective Henry's law constant and the fast chemical loss reactions of the O2− radical anion. As the main reduction of process of Fe(III) is its reaction with HO2/O2−, we show that the HO2 subsaturation leads to predicted Fe(II)/Fe(total) ratios for FN,Fe < 100 % that are lower by a factor of ≤ 2 as compared to bulk model approaches. This trend is largely independent of the total iron concentration, as both chemical source and sink rates of HO2/O2− scale with the iron concentration. The chemical radical (OH, HO2) loss in particles is usually compensated by its uptake from the gas phase. We compare model-derived reactive uptake parameters γ(OH) and γ(HO2) for the full range of FN,Fe. While γ(OH) is not affected by the iron distribution, the calculated γ(HO2) range from 0.0004 to 0.03 for FN,Fe = 1 % and 100 %, respectively. Implications of these findings are discussed for the application of lab-derived γ(HO2) in models to present reactive HO2 uptake on aerosols. As the oxidant budget in aerosol particles and cloud droplets is related to the oxidative potential, we also conclude that the iron distribution FN,Fe should be taken into account to estimate the ROS concentrations and health impacts of particulate matter that might be overestimated by bulk sampling and model approaches. Our study suggests that the number concentration of iron-containing particles may be more important than the total iron mass concentration in determining ROS budgets and uptake rates in cloud and aerosol water.
A simple model of ozone-temperature coupling in the tropical lower stratosphere
Authors: Randel William J. , Wu Fei , Ming Alison , Hitchcock Peter
Published: July 2021

Abstract. Observations show strong correlations between large-scale ozone and temperature variations in the tropical lower stratosphere across a wide range of time scales. We quantify this behavior using monthly records of ozone and temperature data from SHADOZ tropical balloon measurements (1998–2016), along with global satellite data from Aura MLS and GPS radio occultation over 2004–2018. The observational data demonstrate strong in-phase ozone-temperature coherence spanning sub-seasonal, annual and interannual time scales, and the slope of the ozone-temperature relationship (O3/T) varies as a function of time scale and altitude. We compare the observations to idealized calculations based on the coupled zonal mean thermodynamic and ozone continuity equations, including ozone radiative feedbacks on temperature, where both temperature and ozone respond in a coupled manner to variations in the tropical upwelling Brewer-Dobson circulation. These calculations can approximately explain the observed (O3/T) amplitude and phase relationships, including sensitivity to time scale and altitude, and highlight distinct balances for ‘fast’ variations (periods < 150 days, controlled by transport across background vertical gradients) and ‘slow’ coupling (seasonal and interannual variations, controlled by radiative balances).
The role of geological mouth islands on the morphodynamics of back-barrier tidal basins
Authors: Wei Yizhang , Chen Yining , Qiu Jufei , Zhou Zeng , Yao Peng , Jiang Qin , Gong Zheng , Coco Giovanni , Townend Ian , Zhang Changkuan
Published: July 2021

Abstract. The morphodyamics of back-barrier tidal basins have been extensively investigated by numerical modelling, but the influence of mouth islands (which may be submerged under future sea level rise) has been rarely explored. Using the Dongshan Bay in southern China as a reference site, we explore numerically the effects of geological constraints (i.e., islands) on the long-term morphodynamics of back-barrier basins. Model results indicate that the spatial configuration of mouth islands can considerably affect the morphological development of tidal basins. The presence of mouth islands can increase both the current velocity and the residual current by narrowing the inlet cross-sectional area, resulting in more sediment suspension and transport. Meanwhile, erosion tends to occur in the tidal basin and sedimentation occurs in the ebb-delta area, and the erosion (or sedimentation) volume is larger with the presence of more mouth islands. Further, the spatial distribution of mouth islands can also considerably affect tidal basin evolution: the basin-side mouth islands tend to cause more basin erosion with higher tidal currents and more sediment transport, while the delta-side ones may play a hindering role resulting in sediment deposition in the basin. Finally, larger tidal prisms are observed in basins with more mouth islands and those with basin-side mouth islands, suggesting that the number and location of mouth islands can also affect the empirical relation between tidal prism and inlet cross-sectional area. This modelling study furthers the understanding of barrier basin morphodynamics affected by mouth islands and informs management strategies under a changing environment.
Trends and Factors Impacting Healthcare Charges and Length of Stay for Cholecystectomies: A New York State Population-based Analysis
Authors: Darbandi Aria , Chopra Christina
Published: July 2021

Background: Gallbladder disease confers a significant economic toll on the United States healthcare system. This study aims to characterize current trends and features of the cholecystectomy population and identify factors that influence the length of stay and total charges.

Methods: Case information was extracted for laparoscopic and open cholecystectomies from 2013-2016 using the New York Statewide Planning and Research Cooperative System (SPARCS) database. Descriptive, comparative, and multivariable linear regression analysis was conducted on 58,141 cases assessing age group, race, gender, admission presentation, surgical technique, insurance status, year of operation and severity of illness by the length of stay and total charges.

Results: Of all procedures, 91.6% were laparoscopic, and 79.4% were emergent on admission. Total procedures trended down, while laparoscopic and emergent cases steadily increased (p<0.0001). Total charges increased during the study period, while the length of stay decreased (p<0.0001). Open and emergent procedures were associated with a higher cost and longer inpatient stays (p<0.0001). Open procedures were proportionally more common among elderly, male patients, and elective cases (p<0.0001). Emergent presentation was more common in females, non-whites, and younger patients (p<0.0001). Regression model showed that male gender, open operation, Black race, and emergent presentation were independent predictors for a longer stay and greater total charges (p<0.0001). Medicare insurance predicted lower total charges but longer length of stay (p<0.0001).

Conclusion: Race, insurance, procedure type, and patient presentation influence hospital charges and stays following cholecystectomy. Understanding these trends will allow policymakers and providers to limit the healthcare burden of cholecystectomy.
‘Is Boggabilla where Bill takes a dump?’ Writing an Australian literary regionalism: Stories and poetry published in Idiom 23 literary magazine, 2016–2018
Authors: Anae Nicole
Published: July 2021

This article aims to explore the representation of what I argue identifies an Australian

literary regionalism in stories and poetry published in Idiom 23, Central Queensland

University’s literary magazine, over the past three issues, 2016–2018. As editor of

Idiom 23 during this time, I have detected in the contemporary writing of regional

contributors a heightening interest in expressing a unique sense of place and history

through literary elements including, but not limited to, an emphasis on local colour

and characterisation, rurality and regional settings, and personal stories of time and

place, as well as an idiomatic interest in literary tropes accentuating colloquialisms,

regional traditions, dialogic ‘play’, personal and familial histories, Indigenous

identity, and distinctive ways of mapping, representing, articulating, and celebrating

cultural belonging. Exploring how contributions to Central Queensland University’s

Idiom 23 literary magazine over the past three issues, 2016–2018, construct a sense of

regionalism and regional identity offers rich potential to not only identify the

narratives, stories, or voices ‘naturally’ arising in regional writing practices, but also

how perceptions of regionality impact on the ways regional writing is itself expressed

through a unique form of Australian literary regionalism.
‘I feel I have found a tribe’: Investigating the Moodle discussion board writing of regional postgraduate creative practitioners
Authors: Brien Donna Lee , Ellison Elizabeth
Published: July 2021

As higher education in Australia becomes increasingly distributed geographically,

regional universities play a key role in supporting distance education. With innovative

online learning and strong student engagement levels continuing to be a priority, this is

perhaps even more pronounced in postgraduate coursework degrees in the creative arts,

a field in which postgraduate qualifications are unnecessary to secure employment in

the sector. This article presents the results of a case study investigation of a regionally

based postgraduate creative arts degree program that utilised blended learning

principles, included on-campus and distance students, and framed discussion board

usage/writing as a formative requirement across the units in the program. Alongside

writing about their creative and professional practices, students produced narratives

that could be described as examples of engaged reflective practice which, this analysis

revealed, focused on aspects of the educational experience that assisted in developing a

sense of belonging for this widely dispersed cohort.