bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessment of aflatoxin exposure, growth faltering and the gut microbiome among children in rural Guatemala: protocol for an observational prospective cohort and bioreactor simulations
Authors: Cheng Qiwen , Glesener Hannah , Montenegro Gabriela , Torres Olga , Miller Ann C , Krajmalnik-Brown Rosa , Rohloff Peter , Voth-Gaeddert Lee E
Published: April 2023

Introduction

Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is a carcinogen produced byAspergillus flavusandAspergillus parasiticuswhich grow on maize. Given the high prevalence of child stunting (ie, impaired growth) and other nutritional disorders in low-income and middle-income countries, where maize is consumed, the role of aflatoxin exposure may be significant. Observational reports have demonstrated associations between aflatoxin exposure and impaired child growth; however, most have been cross-sectional and have not assessed seasonal variations in aflatoxin, food preparation and dynamic changes in growth. Biological mechanistic data on how aflatoxin may exert an impact on child growth is missing. This study incorporates a prospective cohort of children from rural Guatemala to assess (1) temporal associations between aflatoxin exposure and child growth and (2) possible mediation of the gut microbiome among aflatoxin exposure, inflammation and child growth.

Methods and analysis

We will prospectively evaluate aflatoxin exposure and height-for-age difference trajectories for 18 months in a cohort of 185 children aged 6–9 months at enrolment. We will assess aflatoxin exposure levels and biomarkers of gut and systemic inflammation. We will examine the faecal microbiome of each child and identify key species and metabolic pathways for differing AFB1 exposure levels and child growth trajectories. In parallel, we will use bioreactors, inoculated with faeces, to investigate the response of the gut microbiome to varying levels of AFB1 exposure. We will monitor key microbial metabolites and AFB1 biotransformation products to study nutrient metabolism and the impact of the gut microbiome on aflatoxin detoxification/metabolism. Finally, we will use path analysis to summarise the effect of aflatoxin exposure and the gut microbiome on child growth.

Ethics and dissemination

Ethics approval was obtained from Arizona State University Institutional Review Board (IRB; STUDY00016799) and Wuqu’ Kawoq/Maya Health Alliance IRB (WK-2022-003). Findings will be disseminated in scientific presentations and peer-reviewed publications.
Perioperative and anesthetic considerations for the management of neuromodulation systems
Authors: Orhurhu Vwaire , Hussain Nasir , Karri Jay , Mariano Edward R , Abd-Elsayed Alaa
Published: April 2023

The use of neuromodulation systems is increasing for the treatment of various pathologies ranging from movement disorders to urinary incontinence to chronic pain syndromes. While the type of neuromodulation devices varies, they are largely categorized as intracranial (eg, deep brain stimulation), neuraxial (eg, spinal cord stimulation, dorsal root ganglion stimulation, and intrathecal drug delivery systems), or peripheral (eg, sacral nerve stimulation and peripheral nerve stimulation) systems. Given the increasing prevalence of these systems in the overall population, it is important for anesthesiologists, surgeons, and the perioperative healthcare team to familiarize themselves with these systems and their unique perioperative considerations. In this review, we explore and highlight the various neuromodulation systems, their general perioperative considerations, and notable special circumstances for perioperative management.
Trends in spinal cord stimulation utilization: change, growth and implications for the future
Authors: Chow Courtney , Rosenquist Richard
Published: April 2023

Chronic pain impacts more than 100 million Americans and has a significant impact on the economy and quality of life. Spinal cord stimulation (SCS) has demonstrated efficacy in managing a growing number of chronic pain conditions. This in combination with an increasing number of physicians trained in SCS placement has produced significant changes in utilization, expense and sites of service related to SCS. In particular, there has been a large increase in SCS placement by non-surgeons, use of percutaneous leads and performance in ambulatory surgery centers instead of inpatient settings. There are also notable differences in SCS use related to age, race, insurance coverage and geography. There is a large potential market and use of these therapies is predicted to grow from $2.41 billion in 2020 to $4.12 billion US dollars globally by 2027. At the same time, there is increasing scrutiny around utilization of this therapy related to cost, complications, long-term efficacy and explant rates that has the potential to impact access to this therapy in the future. We must examine our indications, technique and management to optimize outcomes and utilization of SCS going forward.
Malignancy-related ascites in palliative care units: prognostic factor analysis
Authors: Kadono Toru , Ishiki Hiroto , Yokomichi Naosuke , Ito Tetsuya , Maeda Isseki , Hatano Yutaka , Miura Tomofumi , Hamano Jun , Yamaguchi Takashi , Ishikawa Ayaka , Suzuki Yuka , Arakawa Sayaka , Amano Koji , Satomi Eriko , Mori Masanori
Published: April 2023

Objectives

The prognostic factors in patients with malignancy-related ascites (MA) have been poorly investigated. This study aimed to evaluate both the prognostic impact of MA on terminally ill patients with cancer and the prognostic factors in those with MA.

Methods

This was a post hoc analysis of a multicentre, prospective cohort study. Patients with advanced cancer admitted to palliative care units at 23 institutions and aged≥18 years were enrolled between January and December 2017. Overall survival (OS) was compared according to MA. A multivariate analysis was conducted to explore prognostic factors in patients with MA.

Results

Of 1896 eligible patients, gastrointestinal and hepatobiliary pancreatic cancers accounted for 42.5%. 568 (30.0%) of the total had MA. Patients with MA had significantly shorter OS than those without MA (median, 14 vs 22 days, respectively; HR, 1.55; 95% CI, 1.39 to 1.72; p<0.01). A multivariate analysis showed that MA was a poor prognostic factor (HR, 1.30; 95% CI, 1.13 to 1.50; p<0.01) and that among patients with MA, significant poor prognostic factors were liver metastasis, moderately to severely reduced oral intake, delirium, oedema, gastric cancer, high serum creatinine, high serum C reactive protein, high serum total bilirubin, dyspnoea and fatigue, while significant good prognostic factors were female sex, good performance status, high serum albumin and colorectal cancer.

Conclusions

MA had a negative impact on survival in terminally ill patients with cancer. A multivariate analysis revealed several prognostic factors in patients with terminal cancer and MA.
Synthesis of novel 2- and 8-substituted 4-amino-7-chloroquinolines and their N-alkylated coupling products
Authors: Nemez Dion B. , Sidhu Baldeep K. , Carlin Kevin , Friesen Albert , Herbert David E.
Published: April 2023

The synthesis of a series of 2- and 8-substituted 4-amino-7-chloroquinolines is presented. Starting from 4,7-dichloroquinolines, the chloro in the 4-position can be effectively substituted using amino alcohols to yield novel analogues of the antimalarial (hydroxy)chloroquine. Both short-chain (2-aminoethanol) and long-chain (5-[ N-ethyl- N-(2-hydroxyethyl)amino]-2-aminopentane) coupling partners can be used. While ketone and nitro functionalities were found to be incompatible with the coupling conditions, electron-donating amino and dimethylamino substituents were tolerated. In addition to characterization in solution using multinuclear NMR spectroscopy and high-resolution mass spectrometry, single-crystal X-ray structures are presented of two 4,7-dichloroquinolines as well as three of the N-alkylated products including a unique species in which a pyrrole heterocycle formed at the 2-position of the quinoline subunit and a rare example of a 4-aza-1,10-phenanthroline.
Connectivity and natal sources of Greenland halibut in the gulf of St. Lawrence inferred from otolith chemistry
Authors: Bassi Laélien , Tremblay Réjean , Ferchaud Anne-Laure , Bernatchez Louis , Robert Dominique , Sirois Pascal
Published: April 2023

Recent genomic study on Greenland halibut Reinhardtius hippoglossoides throughout the Northwest Atlantic revealed genetic differentiation between the Gulf of St. Lawrence and the remainder of the Northwest Atlantic. Knowledge of migration and thus connectivity among fish populations is key to understanding the stock dynamics of commercial species and establishing effective management strategies. In this study, we use otolith microchemistry to assess the population structure and define more clearly the potential connectivity of Greenland halibut among Saguenay Fjord, the Estuary, and the Gulf of St. Lawrence (EGSL) and outside this system. Otolith margins and cores were analyzed to determine the elemental fingerprints. The margin elemental fingerprints (Mg, Sr, and Ba) were used to infer spatial differentiation, and quadratic discriminant analysis resulted in an overall reclassification success of fish to their capture site of 59%. The core elemental fingerprints indicated three chemically distinct juvenile sources, suggesting high connectivity in the EGSL supporting the St. Lawrence Estuary as a main nursery. Our results also suggest that one of these three sources has a smaller contribution relative to the other sites.
Shedding light on the X(3930) and X(3960) states with the $$B^- \rightarrow K^- J/\psi \omega $$ reaction
Authors: Abreu L. M. , Albaladejo M. , Feijoo A. , Oset E. , Nieves J.
Published: April 2023

We have studied the contribution of the state X(3930), coming from the interaction of the $$D \overline{D}$$

D

D
¯

and $$D^{+}_s D^{-}_s$$

D
s
+

D
s
-

channels, to the $$B^- \rightarrow K^- J/\psi \omega $$

B
-

→

K
-

J
/
ψ
ω

decay. The purpose of this work is to offer a complementary tool to see if the X(3930) state observed in the $$D^+ D^-$$

D
+

D
-

channel is the same or not as the X(3960) resonance claimed by the LHCb Collaboration from a peak in the $$D^{+}_s D^{-}_s$$

D
s
+

D
s
-

mass distribution around threshold. We present results for what we expect in the $$J/\psi \omega $$

J
/
ψ
ω

mass distribution in the $$B^- \rightarrow K^- J/\psi \omega $$

B
-

→

K
-

J
/
ψ
ω

decay and conclude that a clear signal should be seen around $$3930\,\text {MeV}$$

3930

MeV

. At the same time, finding no extra resonance signal at $$3960\,\text {MeV}$$

3960

MeV

would be a clear indication that there is not a new state at $$3960\,\text {MeV}$$

3960

MeV

, supporting the hypothesis that the near-threshold peaking structure peak in the $$D^{+}_s D^{-}_s$$

D
s
+

D
s
-

mass distribution is only a manifestation of a resonance below threshold.
Non canonical polarizations of gravitational waves
Authors: Bondani Stefano , Cacciatori Sergio Luigi
Published: April 2023

We hereby propose an alternative and additional angle on the nature of gravitational waves (GWs), postulating the theoretical and experimental possibility that GWs carry a deformation of the time component of spacetime, other than the spatial one. By explicitly working outside of the transverse-traceless gauge, we propose how events with well-defined time duration, when hit by a GW, would consequently be expected to show a difference in their characteristic time, as measured from the rest frame of an outside observer, whose clock is to remain unaffected by the GW. This constitutes a theoretically viable way in the sense of detecting the passing of the wave itself and may prove relevant as a standalone method for GWs detection other than laser interferometers, or as well be implemented as a complementary but independent system of signal triggering, improving the statistical significance of existing methods. A simple but physically realistic scenario in which the appropriate conditions for the generation and detection of GWs with time dilation are met is presented, along with the conceptual design of an experimental detector.
Two quantum particles in one dimension involving the exchange operator
Authors: Chung Won Sang , Algin Abdullah
Published: April 2023

In this work, after introducing the main algebraic and representative properties of the quantum mechanics with Dunkl derivative, two-particle system with exchange symmetry is studied. In this framework, a new deformed derivative involving the exchange operator is proposed. With the help of such an operator, the new deformed quantum theory for systems with two quantum particles in one dimension is developed. As physical applications of the present construction, systems with two quantum particles interacting via the harmonic potential and the delta-function potential well are considered in detail. The wave functions and the energy spectra for these potentials are derived. Finally, possible implications of our results on other application areas of research such as in interacting theories of either bosons or fermions are concisely discussed.
To the path counting on graphs in phase space
Authors: Kochergin Daniil
Published: April 2023

It was argued before that the Hilbert space of quantum harmonic oscillators can be realized in terms of particular trees. We generalize this approach for the Wigner functions defined on the phase space. Along this way, we derive a new representation for the Laguerre function in terms of canonical partition function of the statistical model defined on particular trees with loops.
Wigner–Weyl calculus in description of nondissipative transport phenomena
Authors: Zubkov M. A.
Published: April 2023

Application of Wigner–Weyl calculus to the investigation of nondissipative transport phenomena is reviewed. We focus on the quantum Hall effect, Chiral Magnetic effect and Chiral separation effect, and discuss the role of interactions, inhomogeneity and deviations from equilibrium.
Upgrade of the scintillator detector for particle tracking in experiments with antiprotons
Authors: Costantini Giovanni , Gosta Giulia , Leali Marco , Mascagna Valerio , Migliorati Stefano , Venturelli Luca , Prest Michela , Ronchetti Federico , Solazzi Luigi , Vallazza Erik
Published: April 2023

Experiments with antiprotons often require the tracking of charged particles emerging from the annihilation process. The Atomic Spectroscopy And Collisions Using Slow Antiprotons (ASACUSA) collaboration at the CERN Antiproton Decelerator (AD) used several panels of scintillating bars placed around the interaction region to detect the passage of charged pions and determine the annihilation vertex position and time. The panels were composed by extruded scintillating bars and the light was collected using WaveLength Shifting (WLS) fibers and multi-anode PhotoMultiplier Tubes (PMTs). After operating for several years, the fiber-PMT coupling quality had degraded and a major upgrade of the light readout system was planned. The PMTs will be replaced by Silicon PhotoMultipliers (SiPMs) and the front-end electronics changed accordingly. An improvement is expected in the efficiency and the uniformity of the detector response. In this contribution the commissioning of the upgrade will be described, including the results of preliminary tests with cosmic rays.
A classification of the finite 2-generator cyclic-by-abelian groups of prime-power order
Authors: Broche Osnel , García-Lucas Diego , del Río Ángel
Published: April 2023

We classify the finite 2-generator cyclic-by-abelian groups of prime-power order. We associate to each such group [Formula: see text] a list [Formula: see text] of numerical group invariants which determines the isomorphism type of [Formula: see text]. Then we describe the set formed by all the possible values of [Formula: see text]. This allows us to develop practical algorithms to construct all finite non-Abelian 2-generator cyclic-by-abelian groups of a given prime-power order, to compute the invariants of such a group, and to decide whether two such groups are isomorphic.
Non-interacting Barrow-holographic dark energy in FRW-universe with quintessence behavior
Authors: Remya A , Pankaj  , Sharma Umesh Kumar
Published: April 2023

In order to analyze Barrow holographic dark energy (BHDE) in a flat FRW universe, the time-dependent scale factor [Formula: see text] is employed. The Hubble horizon as the IR-cutoff is taken to investigate the cosmic consequences. We demonstrate the cosmic transition using the deceleration parameter and equation of state parameter. The characteristics of deceleration parameter for this model correspond well with the latest findings. The equation of state parameter behaves well and does not cross the phantom line. Depending on the values of Barrow exponent ([Formula: see text]), our model is entirely quintessence and is eventually moving towards [Formula: see text] model. We plotted the pressure diagram with various Barrow exponent ([Formula: see text]) values to demonstrate dark energy dominance. The scalar field and potential that explain the universe’s accelerating expansion are also reconstructed.
Ferroelectrets: Heterogenous polymer electrets with high piezoelectric sensitivity for transducers
Authors: Qiu Xunlin , Fang Peng , Mellinger Axel , Altafim Ruy Alberto Pisani , Wirges Werner , Gidion Gunnar , Rychkov Dmitry
Published: April 2023

Nowadays, the demand for advanced functional materials in transducer technology is growing rapidly. Piezoelectric materials transform mechanical variables (displacement or force) into electrical signals (charge or voltage) and vice versa. They are interesting from both fundamental and application points of view. Ferrooelectrets (also called piezoelectrets) are a relatively young group of piezo-, pyro- and ferroelectric materials. They exhibit ferroic behavior phenomenologically undistinguishable from that of traditional ferroelectrics, although the materials per se are essentially non-polar space-charge electrets with artificial macroscopic dipoles (i.e., internally charged cavities). A lot of work has been done on ferroelectrets and their applications up to now. In this paper, we review and discuss mostly the work done at University of Potsdam on the research and development of ferroelectrets. We will, however, also mention important results from other teams, and prospect the challenges and future progress trend of the field of ferroelectret research.
Superimposed brittle structures in polyorogenic contexts: Variscan and Alpine faults in the Duje Valley (Picos de Europa, Cantabrian Mountains, NW Spain)
Authors: Gonzalo-Guerra B. , Heredia N. , Farias P. , García-Sansegundo J. , Martín-González F.
Published: April 2023

Detailed geological mapping of a highly fractured Paleozoic (pre-Permian) basement and the scarce outcrops of overlying Permian–Mesozoic cover in the surroundings of the Duje Valley (Picos de Europa Unit, Cantabrian Mountains, NW Spain), together with new field data, have allowed the separation of four genetic fault sets in a polyorogenic area, affected by the Variscan and Alpine cycles. These fault sets are, from oldest to youngest: Variscan thrusts (late Carboniferous), late Variscan strike-slip faults (late Carboniferous–earliest Permian), Alpine normal faults (Permian–Mesozoic) and Alpine reverse faults (Cenozoic). A structural analysis is reported here, based on the joint use of geometric, kinematic and deformational features, cross-cutting and tectono
–
sedimentary relationships between the structures. This analysis has allowed the recognition and full characterization of the four fault sets. These types of structural analyses are useful for unravelling complex tectonic histories in regions where massive limestone lithologies make reconstructing the timing of fault activity difficult, especially if the basement is affected by late deformation events that are not recorded by cover outcrops.
Quantum Bilinear Interpolation Algorithms Based on Geometric Centers
Authors: Li Hai-Sheng , Quan Jinhui , Song Shuxiang , Wei Yuxing , Qing Li
Published: April 2023

Bilinear interpolation is widely used in classical signal and image processing. Quantum algorithms have been designed for efficiently realizing bilinear interpolation. However, these quantum algorithms have limitations in circuit width and garbage outputs, which block the quantum algorithms applied to noisy intermediate-scale quantum devices. In addition, the existing quantum bilinear interpolation algorithms cannot keep the consistency between the geometric centers of the original and target images. To save the above questions, we propose quantum bilinear interpolation algorithms based on geometric centers using fault-tolerant implementations of quantum arithmetic operators. Proposed algorithms include the scaling-up and scaling-down for signals (grayscale images) and signals with three channels (color images). Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed bilinear interpolation algorithms obtain the same results as their classical counterparts with an exponential speedup. Performance analysis reveals that the proposed bilinear interpolation algorithms keep the consistency of geometric centers and significantly reduce circuit width and garbage outputs compared to the existing works.
Membrane Considerations for the All-Iron Hybrid Flow Battery
Authors: Sinclair Nicholas , Vasil Matthew , Kellamis Christian , Nagelli Enoch A. , Wainright Jesse , Savinell Robert , Wnek Gary E.
Published: April 2023

The all-iron flow battery is currently being developed for grid scale energy storage. As with all flow batteries, the membrane in these systems must meet stringent demands for ionic conductivity while limiting unwanted reactant (Fe3+) crossover. In addition, for the all-iron chemistry proton transport across the membrane is highly desirable to maintain the pH levels in the negative and positive electrolytes. Two membranes are considered, Nafion and an in-house developed composite based on Daramic (a commercial microporous separator) and poly(vinyl alcohol). Their performance is compared for various metrics specific to the all-iron flow battery chemistry.
Considerations of Liquid-Phase Transmission Electron Microscopy Applied to Heterogeneous Electrocatalysis
Authors: Shen Tzu-Hsien , Girod Robin , Vavra Jan , Tileli Vasiliki
Published: April 2023

Liquid-phase transmission electron microscopy (LPTEM) is an essential tool for studying the dynamics of materials interactions at the nanoscale, in and/or with their operational environment. Microfabricated SiNx membrane cells further allow the integration of thin-film electrodes that opens the technique to studies of heterogeneous electrocatalysts under relevant electrochemical conditions. However, experiments remain challenging and the characteristics of the dedicated electrochemical cells and of the interactions of the electron beam with the liquid electrolyte demand careful interpretation of the results. Herein, we discuss important aspects that concern the implementation of electrochemical LPTEM (ec-LPTEM). We first consider the range of information that can be accessible with the technique for electrocatalytic applications and we detail the influence of the thickness and flow of liquid electrolytes using membrane-based microcells. Further, we provide guidelines pertinent to the electrochemical configuration of the substrate working, reference, and counter electrodes. We validate these considerations by experimentally demonstrating the application of ec-LPTEM for the CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR), the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), and the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). The probed effects in metallic and oxide catalysts are directly related to the applied electrochemical stimuli and corroborate the representativity of the processes under investigation following the considerations described herein.
Diffusion and Induced Stress Tuning Mechanisms: Analytical Modeling of Species Transport in Silicon-Graphene Layered Composite Electrodes for Lithium Batteries
Authors: Zhang Pengfei , Wang Qiang , Qiu Wei , Feng Lu
Published: April 2023

Experimental studies have demonstrated that lithium battery electrodes with multi-layer active plates exhibit both high volumetric capacity and rate capability. The overall performance of such electrodes is closely related to the mechanical response, which is impacted by Li-ion transport. Herein, detailed descriptions of diffusion and induced stress in silicon-graphene layered composite electrode were theoretically investigated. First, the natural eigenfunction expansion method was used to obtain the exact analytical solutions of Li-ion concentration field in bi-layer active plates under galvanostatic and potentiostatic charging. Then, the biaxial stress expression of composite electrodes was deduced. Moreover, the diffusion contact resistance was explored to describe the resistance effect of interface between different layers for Li-ion diffusion, which is lacking in previous studies. Our findings suggest that the diffusion contact resistance will increase stress in the electrode, and its influence should be minimized as much as possible. Furthermore, material properties, such as the distribution of active materials, have a significant impact on the performance of composite electrodes. In present work, the mechanism of diffusion-induced stress on electrodes with bi-layer active plates was clarified, and it provide a guidance for electrode design from the perspective of mechanics.
Assessment of The Hygroscopic Behaviour of Proton-Conducting Ionic Liquids: Kinetics, Conductivity and Electrochemical Analysis
Authors: Muhammad Sayyar , Zahra Ummul Banin , Wali Hajra , Ali Daud , Sannan Muhammad , Waqas Muhammad , Seemab Saiqa , Nawab Bushra , Khan Kamran , Ahmad Shabir
Published: April 2023

We report the synthesis of five proton-conducting ionic liquids (PCILs) by a neutralization reaction. The proton transfer from the corresponding Brønsted acid to the respective base was confirmed by FT-IR spectroscopy. The Karl-Fischer titration was used to measure the water contents of the PCILs exposed to air for different time intervals at a relative humidity of 36 ± 5% and 31 ± 5 °C. The rate of moisture uptake by the PCILs increased with the increase of their time of exposure to air and follows pseudo-first-order kinetics. The conductivity analysis reveals that the PCILs’ ionic conductivities further rise with increasing water contents and temperature. The conductivity data were fitted with the Arrhenius equation and activation energies (Ea) were deduced. The electrochemical analysis of the triethylammonium dihydrogen phosphate, TEADHP shows that the liquid has a wide (2.8 V) electrochemical window (EW) at the Pt electrode at 60 °C and 5% water. The EW becomes narrower as the temperature and water content of the TEADHP increase due to the increase in the rate of the water electrolysis. The data showed that during positive-going scans, Pt-oxides were formed due to the oxidation of water in the PCIL which plays an electrocatalytic role during formic acid oxidation in the medium.
Fostering weight status understanding among exercise science and health students by simulating common physical activities with additional body mass
Authors: Ladwig Matthew A.
Published: April 2023

Exercise science and health students (ESHS) often enter the field with the noble intention to help people become more physically active. However, many ESHS endorse negative weight status biases that could undermine health promotion efforts among overweight individuals. Experiential learning simulations that approximate the experiences of physical activity while overweight may be helpful tools to foster understanding and reduce bias. This article outlines a two-part didactic/simulation learning activity to promote weight status understanding among ESHS.
Vasorelaxant Effect of Moroccan Cannabis sativa Threshing Residues on Rat Mesenteric Arterial Bed is Endothelium and Muscarinic Receptors Dependent
Authors: Mahou Youssef , Chda Alae , Es-Safi Nour Eddine , Tesse Angela , Fettoukh Nezha , El Bouri Aziz , Stambouli Hamid , El Abida Kaouakib , Bencheikh Rachid
Published: April 2023

Introduction. Ethanolic fraction of Moroccan Cannabis sativa threshing residues (EFCS) was evaluated for its vasorelaxant activity. The current work aims to identify the active metabolites in the ethanolic fraction of the EFCS and illustrate their mechanism of action. Methods. Free radical scavenging capacity of EFCS was assessed using DPPH method. The EFCS vasodilation activities in phenylephrine‐precontracted isolated rat mesenteric arterial beds were investigated in presence of L‐NAME (nitric oxide synthase inhibitor), indomethacin (cyclooxygenase inhibitor), potassium channel blockers (namely tetraetylamonium, barium chloride, and glibenclamide), and atropine. Nitric oxide vascular release was measured by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) using a spin trap in rat aortic rings. Results. EFCS induced dose‐dependent vasorelaxation on mesenteric vascular bed. Incubation of the preparations with L‐NAME, ODQ (a soluble guanylyl cyclase inhibitor), or potassium channel blockers reduced the fall of perfusion pressure caused by EFCS. Endothelial denudation or atropine abolished the EFCS’s vasorelaxant effect, suggesting involvement of muscarinic receptors and endothelium‐relaxing factors. The extract induced nitric oxide release in aortic rings in a similar manner as acetylcholine suggesting an effect of EFCS on the muscarinic receptor and the conductance arteries. Chemical investigation of EFCS identified potential active components namely apigenin and derivatives of luteolin skeleton and also additional components such as neophytadiene, squalene, and β‐sitosterol. In conclusion, the vasorelaxant effect of EFCS on rat mesenteric arterial bed, which is dependent of muscarinic receptor activation, nitric oxide, and EDHF, can account for potential therapeutic use against high blood pressure related cardiovascular diseases.
Corrosion Resistant Coating from Nano Printed Circuit Board Powder for the Reinforced Concrete Structures
Authors: Mohana R. , Selvaganesh D. , Anto Issac A. , Vignesh Kumar M.
Published: April 2023

Corrosion in steel leads to the deterioration of reinforced concrete structures due to chemical reactions between steel and its surrounding atmosphere. In this paper, a novel anticorrosive powder was derived from the waste Printed Circuit Board (PCB) and manually coated on the steel rebar of the reinforced concrete specimen. The corrosion-resistant efficiency of the developed nano PCB-coating on the steel bars was studied by polarization, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and accelerated corrosion technique. Also, the applicability of the nano PCB-coated rebar as reinforcement in the concrete environment was investigated. From the results, it was observed that the nano PCB-coated specimens exhibited 3.5 times reduced rate of corrosion and lost only 46.15% strength and 52.5% diameter under the accelerated rate of 6 V after 48 hours. The presence of nano PCB powder improved the corrosion-resistant behaviour of the steel rebar by 1.65 times of the noncoated specimen. Also, the nano PCB-coating reduced the loss in residual yield strength of the corroded steel rebar by 32% lesser than the noncoated specimens and exhibited similar corrosion-resistant properties as that of the existing zinc coating. In addition to the corrosion resistance, the nano PCB-coated steel rebar exhibited almost similar adhesion with concrete as that of the commercial zinc coating which is 7% lower than uncoated steel rebars. It was inferred from this research work that the proposed anticorrosive coating prepared from the waste nano PCB powder showed better corrosion-resistant behaviour and reduced the overall cost of coating by 42%, which ensures economy and serviceability.
Research on Deep Integration of the “Belt and Road” Aviation Network Based on Community Structure from the Perspective of China
Authors: Yao Hongguang , Xiao Huihui
Published: April 2023

Air transport has broad development potential along the “ Belt and Road” by owing to its fast, direct, and comfortable advantages, and the community structure is an important factor determining the efficiency and service functions of the aviation network. The community detection and community structure analysis of the “Belt and Road” aviation network would help to understand the internal relationship of the “Belt and Road” aviation network spatial structure and better integrated and optimized the network. Based on the data of international routes between 522 airports along the “Belt and Road” in 2019, this paper establishes an aviation network model and calculates the degree, average path, clustering coefficient, and centrality index of the “Belt and Road” aviation network. Through Louvain community detection method, 522 airports in the aviation network were divided into four communities, and the structural characteristics and geographical distribution characteristics of the community network were analyzed. The key node identification model in the community is constructed, the hierarchy of each community network is analyzed using the k-core decomposition method, the core node set of the community network is found, the core boundary node set of four aviation community networks is identified, the core node set and core boundary nodes are analyzed repeatedly, and the key node set of the whole network is obtained. Finally, from the perspective of China, a deep integration scheme between Chinese airports, their communities, and other key node sets was proposed. The research found that there are four associations in the “Belt and Road” aviation network: West Asia and North Africa, Russia, Central and Eastern Europe, and China and Southeast Asia. Chinese and Southeast Asian societies rank third among the four societies in terms of scale. They not only have the largest number of key nodes but also the lowest repetition rate of the key nodes. The international airline links in the “Belt and Road” aviation network are more complex. A total of 118 key nodes were identified, of which 83.1% were in the top 20% of overall network centrality.
Investigation of the Underlying Mechanism of Depression on Male Infertility: A Bioinformatics and Experimental Research Study
Authors: Zhao Qi , Yan Fei , Ma Chuan , Feng Junlong , Deng Sheng , Zhao Cong , Zhang Huanan , Li Haisong , Wang Bin , Wang Jisheng
Published: April 2023

The impact of depression on spermatogenic function and protein expression was investigated by reference to a bioinformatics database for the prediction of key targets and pathways. Experimental validation was performed using a rat model established using the chronic restraint stress method. Organ coefficients and semen parameters were measured. Hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining was performed to compare testicular tissue between model and control rats. Western blotting and RT–qPCR were conducted to evaluate protein and mRNA expression. As a result, depression and male infertility (MI) were found to share 81 common targets, and the PI3K/Akt/FOXO1 signaling pathway was involved in both conditions. Animal experiments showed testis and epididymis coefficients to be lower in the model group. HE staining showed damage to the seminiferous tubules of model rats. PI3K and p-Akt mRNA and protein were present at lower levels and FOXO1 at higher levels in the model group. Depression led to reduced spermatogenic function in rats and might be associated with differential expression of the PI3K/Akt/FOXO1 signaling pathway.
Microbiological Profile and Hygienic Quality of Foodstuffs Marketed in Collective Catering in Central Morocco
Authors: Amaiach Rachid , Lairini Sanae , Fadil Mouhcine , Benboubker Moussa , Bouslamti Rabia , El Amrani Soukaina , El Ouali Lalami Abdelhakim
Published: April 2023

Food hygiene is important both for its impact on the health of citizens and also for the cost of the infections that it can generate. In Morocco, it has become a concern of authorities. This work, realized for the first time in the center of Morocco, is aimed at describing the microbiological quality of foodstuffs marketed in collective catering in central Morocco. This study was conducted retrospectively from January 2015 to December 2019 in Fez city, central Morocco. The samples collected by the competent authority during official control from restaurants and food outlets were analyzed. Non-conformity was chosen as an indicator of food quality according to the official Moroccan standards. The samples were presented according to several variables: year/month/season, category/subcategory, communes, and establishment. The statistical processing of the results was done by SPSS 25. The Chi2 statistical test was calculated to determine a relationship between non-conformity and the type of analyzed matrix (year, season, and food category). The test was considered statistically significant for a

p

value < 0.05. A total of 2223 food samples were investigated, with an annual average of 445 samples. Overall, the rate of non-compliance during 2015-2019 was 31%, reaching its maximum in 2017 (36.4%) and its minimum in 2018 (27.5%).This rate varies by food type. Juices/drinks and meat products are the most contaminated with 71.7% and 58.1%, respectively, followed by milk and derivatives with 43.2%, seasoning sauces with 28.6%, pastries and pastry creams with 21.4%, and 14.4% for ready meals. The main causes of food non-conformity were fecal contamination germs with 67% positive fecal coliforms and 15% of total coliforms followed by total germs (7%), Staphylococcus aureus (5%), yeasts and molds (3%), sulfite-reducing anaerobes (2%), and Salmonella (1%). Given the obtained results, improving the hygienic quality of foods is necessary to ensure better consumer safety.
Research Progress of m6A RNA Methylation in Skin Diseases
Authors: Liu Chang , Wang Xin , Yang Shengju , Cao Shuanglin
Published: April 2023

N6‐Methyladenosine (m6A) is the most common mRNA modification in eukaryotes and is a dynamically reversible posttranscriptional modification. The enzymes involved in m6A modification mainly include methyltransferases (writers), demethylases (erasers), and methylated readers (Readers). m6A modification is mainly catalyzed by m6A methyltransferase and removed by m6A demethylase. The modified RNA can be specifically recognized and bound by m6A recognition protein. This protein complex then mediates RNA splicing, maturation, nucleation, degradation, and translation. m6A also alters gene expression and regulates cellular processes such as self‐renewal, differentiation, invasion, and apoptosis. An increasing body of evidence indicates that the m6A methylation modification process is closely related to the occurrence of various skin diseases. In this review, we discuss the role of m6A methylation in skin development and skin diseases including psoriasis, melanoma, and cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma.
Analytical Validation of Smartphone Spectroscopic Technic Used in an Educational Kinetic Study
Authors: Raissi S. , Fakhfakh F.
Published: April 2023

Use of smartphone-based spectroscopy is showing a constant growth since last year. It presents the advantage of being widely available for everyone. The most important thing is that it is still a low-cost method adapted to the education context. However, as all analytical methods, it should be validated to ensure the reliability of its results. In this study, we present the steps of the validation process with its statistical tests applied to the dosage of di-iode. Shapiro–Wilk test revealed that our method has a random character. Homogeneity of variance analyses using the Cochran test confirmed the precision of the method. The Fisher test revealed the linearity of the model of correlation between I2 concentration and the response. The relation between response and concentration is A = 1000 C + 0.002. From the parameters of the linear regression of the model, we deduced the limits of quantification and XLq = 4·10−5 mol·L−1 and XLd = 1·10−5 mol·L−1. Thanks to tightness of the sample, the method of I2 dosage was successfully applied in iodine quantification to monitor acetone iodination during time in the context of kinetic studies with minimum system trouble. Being low cost, this method can facilitate access to physical methods in educational laboratories.
Real-Time Collision Detection Optimization Algorithm Based on Snake Model in the Field of Big Data
Authors: Cheng Sining , Qu Huiyan
Published: April 2023

Big data processing includes multiple processing flows of data. But data quality is the most important part of the entire process. Every data processing link will have an impact on the quality of big data. Collision detection is an important research content in many fields such as computer graphics and computer virtual reality. In layman's terms, it means that the computer detects the signal voltage on the channel while sending data. When the signal voltage swing value detected by a station exceeds a certain threshold value, it will be considered that at least two stations on the bus are sending data at the same time, indicating that a collision has occurred. As the number of questions increases, the level becomes higher, the target information becomes more diverse, and the algorithm becomes more complex. The traditional evolutionary algorithm is far from being able to deal with this situation effectively, and the optimization target algorithm emerges as the times require. Evolutionary computing is a mature global optimization method with high robustness and wide applicability. It has the characteristics of self-organization, self-adaptation, and self-learning. It is not limited by the nature of the problem and can effectively deal with complex problems that are difficult to solve by traditional optimization algorithms. This paper aims to study the optimization algorithm of real-time collision detection based on Snake model in the field of big data. It is expected that, with the support of big data technology, the efficiency of real-time collision detection of Snake model will be improved and time will be saved. This paper proposes a multiline swarm particle swarm algorithm and combines it with the Snake model to improve the detection efficiency of the collision detection algorithm. It verifies the detection performance of traditional algorithms and tests their effectiveness in detection. The experimental results of this paper show that the frame rate of the Snake model algorithm is 15, the frame rate of the K-DOPs algorithm is 6.7, and the error of the algorithm is 1.04. It shows that the frame rate of Snake model algorithm is better.
Numerical Analysis of a Dual-Layer Geosynthetic-Encased Stone Column Installed in Soft Soil
Authors: Kumar Neeraj , Kumar Rakesh , Nirola Bhawani S. , Jaiswal Akash
Published: April 2023

Stone columns are being used to reduce soft soil settlement and increase load-carrying capacity. Since there is inadequate lateral support from the local native soil, soft soil undergoes excessive settlement under vertical loading. This issue is effectively resolved by suitably encasing stone column material by geosynthetic with significant axial stiffness, which provides the required additional confinement reported in the literature. In the current study, an effort has been made to examine the load settlement behaviour of the dual-layered geosynthetic-encased stone column (DL-GESC) under vertical loading. In order to simulate the behaviour of stone column-reinforced soft soil, a FEM analysis was performed using PLAXIS-3D and three-dimensional (3D) models made utilising the unit cell idealisation technique for a single column. The stone column diameter, spacing to diameter (s/d) ratio, and encasement layers were varied to determine their influence on load-settling behaviour. The vertical load-carrying capacity of the ground was significantly improved when an additional layer of geosynthetic encasement was inserted into the stone column as compared to SL-GESC. Improvement of 15–25% was observed for the analysis of a single column installed in soft clay, according to the result obtained. Improvement ratios have been discussed in detail for various encasement conditions.
Analysis on the Multimedia Information Retrieval Algorithm Based on Enterprise Correlation Financial Analysis under the Background of Big Data
Authors: Yan Jun , Liu Hui
Published: April 2023

At present, based on the background of the big data era, the operation of enterprises has a great impact, and relevance is a principle set to meet the needs of enterprise operation and management. In today’s digital and network era, multimedia has become the main part of the Internet information transmission, and multidisciplinary art and science communion has promoted the development of the multimedia information retrieval. As a result, this paper examines the correlation of big data against the background of financial and multimedia information retrieval algorithms.
Compared to Fishmeal, Dietary Soybean Meal Improves the Reproductive Performance of Female Yellow Catfish (Pelteobagrus fulvidraco) Broodstock
Authors: Chen Zheng , Fei Shuzhan , Liu Cui , Duan Yuanhui , Liu Haokun , Han Dong , Jin Junyan , Yang Yunxia , Zhu Xiaoming , Xie Shouqi
Published: April 2023

To investigate the effects of different dietary protein sources on the reproductive performance of female broodstock, yellow catfish (Pelteobagrus fulvidraco) were fed with three experimental diets using fishmeal (FM), soybean meal (SBM), and rapeseed meal (RSM) as main protein sources, respectively. Females (initial weight:

64.56
±
0.45

 g) were distributed into 9 net cages for feeding trial. Results indicated that 30% dietary SBM improved the reproductive performance for higher gonadosomatic index (GSI), relative fecundity, total egg production, egg diameter, and hatching rate. In addition, SBM and RSM diets resulted in higher estradiol (E2), vitellogenin (VTG), luteinizing hormones (LH), and lower follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and testosterone (T) in plasma (

P
<
0.05

) of female broodstock. Dietary SBM and RSM also resulted in lower mesenteric fat index (MFI), plasma total cholesterol (TC), plasma total bilirubin (T-Bil) contents, and gonadal cortisol concentrations, while dietary SBM downregulated the transcription levels of steroidogenesis-related proteins by negative feedback (

P
<
0.05

). The results demonstrated that dietary SBM and RSM could promote sex steroid hormone and VTG biosynthesis and showed hypocholesterolemic effects. Besides, 30% dietary SBM inclusion could improve the reproductive performance of female yellow catfish broodstock.
Design and Implementation of the Zero Trust Model in the Power Internet of Things
Authors: Wu Kehe , Cheng Rui , Xu Huiyan , Tong Jie
Published: April 2023

As a novel network security scheme, the zero trust model can effectively improve the traditional role-based access control model in the public network by continuous trust evaluation and dynamic authorization. As a private network for collecting the health status data of the power equipment, the terminals in the power Internet of Things (IoT) have the characteristics of fixed and controllable hardware, software, and users, and the main network security threat of the power IoT comes from the risk of terminals being damaged or forged. Therefore, based on the analysis of the key connotation of the zero trust and the security characteristics of the power IoT, this paper proposes a novel zero trust model and framework to synthetically evaluate the security status of the power IoT based on the behaviour and characteristics of the terminals. The analysis based on the stochastic Petri net and simulation results show that the proposed model can effectively address network security problems and significantly improve the level of security protection of the power IoT.