bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
THE VALUES OF BATANG HARING AS LOCAL WISDOM IN BUILD ING THE SUSTAINABLE COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE OF TOURISM DESTINATION IN CENTRAL KALIMANTAN
Authors: Mau Daniel Pandu , Sukawati Tjokorda Gde Raka
Published: January 2020

As a regional tourism destination in Indonesia, Central Kalimantan has cultural richness from its sub-ethnics of Dayak (indigenous people in Kalimantan) that can be used to develop its tourism products. Therefore, through an ethnographic approach using triangulation data collection techniques, this study explored, illustrated and comprehended in-depth the culture of Central Kalimantan specifically local wisdom values. Batang Haring as a local wisdom of Dayak in Kalimantan, particularly Central Kalimantan, has culture value that is the balanced and harmonious relationship among three-dimensional: human, God, and nature implemented through rites of Kaharingan (traditional belief of Dayak). The uniqueness in implementing the values become a "spirit" that is able to “awaken” and more "revive" Central Kalimantan, specifically in tourism sector. The strongly formed "spirit" will be a basic strength of differentiation strategy to create different, unique and unimitate products as a factor of competitive advantage in its tourism products. Utilization of these values can be done through cultural practices, Dayak-Kaharingan rite activities, and the use of cultural symbols in its development. However, it needs to be applied consistently in everyday life and supported through the hospitality of its people who live spiritually and continue to uphold their culture and arts that will form a strong "spirit" and hard to find elsewhere. Thus, the tourism sector can be sustainable and will impact on strengthen economic activity, as well as improve the living standard of its community as host.
RETHINKING THE THEORY OF TOURISM: WHAT IS TOURISM SYSTEM IN THEORETICAL AND EMPIRICAL PERSPECTIVE?
Authors: Wiweka Kadek , Arcana Komang Trisna Pratiwi
Published: January 2020

Tourism within the practical scope has gone beyond the development of tourism theory itself. Considering the importance of theory as a foundation for knowledge and understanding of a phenomenon, especially in the scope of tourism. Therefore this study attempts to fill the gap between the tourism theory that has been built with the latest empirical facts. In developing tourism theory, this research used the creation of theory approach. Where in the process, the creation of theory is more inductive (or can be regarded as a qualitative approach). The result of this research is that tourism as a system consists of two kinds of sub-system that is internal and external sub-system. The internal sub-system is the interaction between person or the tourist termed as the tourist demand, from the tourist generating region and during a trip to a destination called the tourism supply, linked by the intermediaries elements, to return to its original territory. While external sub-system consists of international trade factors, safety and security factors, natural or climate factors, social-cultural factors, technological factors, economic or finance factors, political factors, demographic, and geographical factors. The relationship between the internal and external sub-systems not only determined the existence of tourism, but otherwise the existence of tourism can also affect the two sub-systems (internal and external). The interesting thing about this research is that the phenomenon of tourism can be ‘limited’ by its own point of view which is described through a comprehensive and integrated system.
Discursos políticos presidenciais de Ano Novo. Gerir a incerteza
Authors: Marques Maria Aldina
Published: January 2020

O regime político português é um regime semipresidencial. O Presidente da República tem funções específicas que tornam os discursos centrais na sua ação política. No trabalho agora apresentado, centramo-nos nos discursos, no modo como a linguagem é usada e construída em práticas sociais marcadas pela natureza linguística da interação. Pretendemos analisar as características discursivas de um género de discurso com tradição na República Portuguesa, as Mensagens de Ano Novo. Marcadas por um macroato de endereçamento de votos de Bom Ano a todos os portugueses, são determinadas pelas características das funções políticas do locutor e pelos objetivos que persegue em cada interação particular. Partindo das investigações realizadas em análise do(s) discurso(s) e em linguística da enunciação (ADAM, 2005, 2012; AMOSSY, 2000; BAKHTINE, 1984; BENVENISTE, 1966, 1970; KERBRAT-ORECCHIONI, 2002; HAILON, 2012; MAINGUENEAU, 2014; MOIRAND, 2003;  MARQUES, 2015, entre outros), pretendemos estudar os modos como os presidentes da república portugueses constroem os seus discursos e neles se constroem também. Daremos particular atenção à organização enunciativa dos discursos, ao modo como o locutor se posiciona em face do seu próprio dizer e ao objeto do seu discurso e, ainda, em face dos alocutário(s), segundo uma agenda política que joga com a imagem do presidente, a sua legitimidade, que é institucional, mas sobretudo a sua credibilidade, que é política (CHARAUDEAU, 2005; MARQUES, 2014). Os dados em análise são constituídos por Mensagens de Ano Novo proferidas pelos três últimos presidentes da República Portuguesa, entre 1997 e 2017.
KEJADIAN GASTROENTERITIS DAN FAKTOR PENYEBABNYA PADA SISWA SD DI KELURAHAN BEJI TIMUR, KOTA DEPOK
Authors: Halimatussa’diah Halimatussa’diah , Zahra Zahra , Anwar Athena
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACT

Gastroenteritis is an inflammation of the mucous membranes of the digestive tract which is characterized by diarrhea or vomiting. One of the causes is the consumption of unhygienic food. This study aims to determine the incidence of gastroenteritis in elementary students in Beji Timur Village, Depok City and its determinant factors. The study design was cross-sectional. The data collected included the incidence of gastroenteritis obtained by interviewing 120 students from two elementary schools, the content of Salmonella sp. bacteria in 46 types of school snacks (PJAS), students' hygienic behavior and PJAS handlers / sellers. The results showed that 11.5% of students experienced gastroenteritis and 4% of PJAS contained Salmonella sp.. Bivariate analysis of several risk factor variables showed contamination of Salmonella sp bacteria in snack foods had the highest risk of gastroenteritis in elementary students (OR 7.86 ; 95% CI: 2.07–29.86). It is recommended to improve supervision of PJAS and its handlers / sellers, and improve the public health promotion efforts, especially the habit of washing hands using soap and running water before consuming food or after defecation. 

Keywords :  Gastroenteritis, elementary students,kids school snack

 

ABSTRAK

Gastroenteritis adalah radang selaput lendir saluran pencernaan yang ditandai dengan diare atau muntah. Salah satu penyebabnya adalah konsumsi pangan yang tidak higienis. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kejadian gastroenteritis pada siswa sekolah dasar (SD) di Kelurahan Beji Timur, Kota Depok dan faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhinya. Disain penelitian adalah cross-sectional. Data yang dikumpulkan meliputi kejadian gastroenteritis yang diperoleh dengan wawancara terhadap 120 siswa dari dua SD, kandungan bakteri Salmonella sp dalam 46 jenis pangan jajanan anak sekolah (PJAS), perilaku higienis siswa maupun penjamah/penjual PJAS. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat 11,5% siswa yang mengalami kejadian gastroenteritis, dan 4% PJAS mengandung Salmonella sp. Analisis bivariat terhadap beberapa variabel faktor risiko menunjukkan kontaminasi bakteri Salmonella sp dalam makanan jajanan memiliki risiko terhadap kejadian gastroenteritis pada siswa SD (OR 7,86 ; 95% CI: 2,07–29,86). Disarankan untuk meningkatkan pengawasan terhadap PJAS maupun penjamah/ penjualnya, dan meningkatkan upaya promosi kesehatan siswa khususnya kebiasaan cuci tangan memakai sabun dan air mengalir sebelum mengkonsumsi makanan maupun sesudah BAB.

Kata kunci : Gastroenteritis, siswa SD, pangan jajanan anak sekolah
Inventarisasi Ragam Tumbuhan Obat Berpotensi sebagai Anti Nyamuk
Authors: Susanti Dian , Sari Aniska Novita
Published: January 2020

Abstract

The use of chemical pesticides for mosquito control has been widely known by the public. The negative impact of the use of chemical pesticides has led to the importance of finding anti-mosquito alternatives from medicinal plants. This research was descriptive research using qualitative methods to know the medicinal plant potentially as anti mosquitos which were used in Indonesia. Qualitative data or the parameters examined were following the type of medicinal plant, the number of uses of the medicinal plant, and user tribes. Activities performed were including analysis of a subset of the RISTOJA data and literature study. The data used were obtained from 2012, 2015 and 2017 RISTOJA. There were 18 plant species that were used as anti-mosquito medicinal plants. Medicinal plants that widely used by ethnic groups in Indonesia as anti mosquitos  are Cymbopogon nardus (L.) Rendle, Premna serratifolia L. and Goniothalamus macrophyllus (Blume) Hook.f. & Thomson with the main compound is terpenoid (monoterpene and sesquiterpene) in the essential oil.

Abstrak

Penggunaan pestisida kimia untuk pengendalian nyamuk telah banyak dikenal oleh masyarakat. Dampak negatif dari penggunaan pestisida kimia menyebabkan pentingnya mencari alternatif anti nyamuk dari tumbuhan obat. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian deskriptif yang menggunakan metode kualitatif untuk mengetahui ragam tumbuhan obat (TO) berpotensi sebagai anti nyamuk yang digunakan di Indonesia. Parameter data yang diteliti meliputi jenis TO, jumlah penggunaan TO, dan etnis yang memanfaatkan. Kegiatan yang dilakukan meliputi analisis subset data RISTOJA dan studi literatur. Data yang digunakan adalah data yang diperoleh dari metadata penelitian RISTOJA tahun 2012, 2015 dan 2017. Tumbuhan obat berkhasiat anti nyamuk yang digunakan oleh etnis-etnis di Indonesia berjumlah 18 jenis. Tumbuhan obat yang banyak digunakan oleh etnis-etnis di Indonesia adalah Cymbopogon nardus (L.) Rendle, Premna serratifolia L. dan Goniothalamus macrophyllus (Blume) Hook.f. & Thomson dengan kandungan senyawa utama berupa terpenoid (monoterpene dan sesquiterpene) yang terdapat di dalam minyak atsiri.
Aktivitas Penggunaan Insektisida Komersil oleh Masyarakat di Daerah Endemis Demam Berdarah Dengue di Provinsi Sulawesi Barat
Authors: Maksud Malonda , Mustafa Hasrida , Risti Risti , Nelfita Nelfita , Murni Murni , Jastal Jastal
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Commercial insecticides in Asia are used to control insects including mosquitoes, which are about 28-89% in endemic areas of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF). West Sulawesi Province is one of the dengue endemic areas in Indonesia. The study is a part of multicenter research “Map of Aedes aegypti Mosquito susceptibility Against Insecticides in Indonesia in 2015”. This study aims to the describe the use of commercial insecticides in three endemic districts of West Sulawesi using a cross-sectional design. Data obtained through interviews and observations conducted in July-August 2015 at least 100 homes which were randomly selected in each RW/RT. Data were analyzed descriptively to describe the use of insecticides, types of formulations, types of active ingredients, and the duration of use. The study found that 85% of respondents used commercial insecticides. Most of the respondents chose to use mosquitoes coil (83.5%), the most active ingredients found were D-allethrin (43.8%) and Dimefluthrin (30.4). Most respondents (45.8%) have been using commercial insecticides for more than five years and more dominant to apply at night (79.1%). The government needs to control the use of insecticides in the community so that there is no DHF vector resistance to insecticides used in DHF control programs.

Abstrak

Insektisida komersil di Asia  digunakan untuk mengendalikan serangga termasuk  nyamuk, yang sekitar 28-89% berada di daerah endemis Demam Berdarah Dengue (DBD). Provinsi Sulawesi Barat merupakan salah satu daerah endemis DBD di Indonesia. Studi ini merupakan bagian dari penelitian multicenter “Peta Kerentanan Nyamuk Aedes aegypti di Indonesia Tahun 2015”.  Studi  ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran penggunaan insektisida komersil di Sulawesi Barat dengan menggunakan desain potong lintang yang dilakukan di tiga kabupaten endemis DBD. Pengambilan data berupa wawancara dan pengamatan yang dilakukan bulan Juli-Agustus 2015 pada minimal 100 rumah yang dipilih secara acak pada masing-masing RW/RT endemis DBD. Data dianalisa secara deskriptif untuk menggambarkan penggunaan insektisida, jenis formulasi, jenis bahan aktif, dan lama penggunaan. Hasil studi menemukan  sebanyak 85% responden menggunakan insektisida komersil.  Sebagian besar responden memilih menggunakan jenis insektisida bakar (koil) (83,5%), bahan aktif yang paling banyak ditemukan adalah D-allethrin(43,8%) dan Dimefluthrin (30,4). Sebagian besar responden (45,8%) sudah lebih dari lima tahun menggunakan insektisida komersil dan lebih dominan mengaplikasikannya pada malam hari (79,1%). Pemerintah perlu mengontrol penggunaan insektisida di masyarakat, agar tidak terjadi resistensi vektor DBD terhadap insektisida program.
Cortocircuito económico en Costa Rica durante el siglo XXI
Authors: Juan Manuel Retana Céspedes
Published: January 2020

Se analizan los principales problemas estructurales que limitan el crecimiento económico y la reducción de las desigualdades. El tema se aborda desde las redes de poder de los grupos de poder económico, los desbalances de la estructura productiva, el desempleo, el endeudamiento de las familias y el desequilibrio de las finanzas públicas. Esto a través de la narrativa de los cortocircuitos, referida a una conexión que falla y por ende el sistema empieza a funcionar mal.
PELATIHAN BISNIS FASHION MELALUI WHATSAPP DALAM MENINGKATKAN PEMBERDAYAAN BAGI UMKM CIMAHI
Authors: Kusnaeni Anisa
Published: January 2020

This research is motivated by the fact that there is a social gap from the times that continues to develop resulting in reduced economic income because of the many competitors who continue to innovate and knowledge about the development of the use of technology and information in a society that is still less familiar. Therefore, the aim of this research is to create a fashion business training program through WhatsApp media in enhancing the empowerment of participants of the MSME fashion group acceleration in Cimahi City, in order to increase community income and the theoretical basis used in this study is the theory of the influence of social networks or WhatsApp on character education of students and community empowerment in the era of globalization. The research method used is descriptive qualitative with interview and observation techniques and the population of this study involved speakers or speakers in accordance with the field of experts (pashion), manager of the WhatsApp group of 1 person and 10 trainees. The author took 5 people who are simple. Research results from the training program which is still under the auspices of the government show that the UMKM fashion group accelerated participants can receive fashion business training well even though using whatshapp media processes are effective and efficient training. Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh fakta adanya kesenjangan sosoial dari perkembangan zaman yang terus berkembang mengakibatkan pemasukan ekonomi berkurang karena banyaknya pesaing yang terus berinovasi dan pengetahuan tentang perkembangan kegunaan teknologi dan informasi di lingkungan masyarakat yang masih kurang familiar. Maka dari itu, Tujuan peneliti ini adalah untuk membuat program pelatihan bisnis fashion melalui media WhatsApp dalam meningkatkan pemberdayaan bagi peserta akselerasi kelompok fashion UMKM di Kota Cimahi, guna meningkatkan pendapatan masyarakat dan landasan teori yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah teori pengaruh jejaring sosial atau WhatsApp terhadap pendidikan karakter peserta didik dan pemberdayaan masyarakat di era globalisasi. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah kualitatif deskriftif dengan teknik wawancara dan observasi serta Populasi penelitian ini melibatkan narasumber atau pemateri yang sesuai dengan bidang ahlinya (pashion), pengelola group WhatsApp 1 orang dan 10 orang peserta pelatihan. Penulis mengambil 5 orang sempel. Hasil penelitian dari program pelatihan yang masih dibawah naungan pemerintah menunjukan peserta akselerasi kelompok fashion UMKM dapat menerima pelatihan bisnis fashion dengan baik walaupun menggunakan media whatshapp peroses pelatihanya berjalan dengan efektif dan efisien.Sehingga meningkatnya kualitas hidup dan dapat meningkatnya pendapatan serta kesejahteraan ekonomi di cimahi semakin meningkat.
Understanding and strengthening the health of family businesses in Laos
Authors: Walsh John
Published: January 2020

More than 90% are family-businesses and are concentrated in retail, handicrafts, and personal services sectors. More than half are female-owned and managed, although baseline information about business and family management are limited. This paper reports on qualitative research aimed at understanding family business practices, impact of education in family businesses in a range of activities in Laos. Most such businesses remain based at or very close to home, and along the main road with any growth managed by hiring additional family members. Firms were run on traditional lines, while the management decisions were generally taken by senior family members depending on their existing prejudices. Although family businesses in Laos are still largely disorganized, they play critical roles in creating job opportunities and boosting household income for local residents as well as helping family members to utilize their existing talents, time, and resources. In promoting this sector, the Government of Laos has significant roles in developing policies, establishing a relevant governing agency, and encouraging training and involvement from the private sectors and from key international organisations.
Effective Channels for Establishing an Irlen Centre to Help People with Reading Problems in Thailand
Authors: Lovichakorntikul Petcharat
Published: January 2020

Irlen Syndrome was identified in the 1980s as a condition that affects people who cannot see written text on a page properly. Consequently, their ability to learn in a standard educational setting is significantly limited and their future lives constrained. Further, affected people, in common with people with dyslexia, are often accused of lack of intellect or interest in studies and this can be a source of stress and relationship breakdown. The eponymous Irlen method provides a technical solution to the problem involving coloured lenses, which helps some people. Nevertheless, the approach falls between the educational and medical worlds and this provides some credibility issues. This paper examines the possibility of establishing an effective and profitable Irlen Centre in Thailand through personal, in-depth interviews with relevant professionals in a variety of fields. The findings are considered in the light of contemporary Thai culture and the pressure on young people to take an active part in a market-oriented society.
Corruption and FDI in OIC Countries
Authors: Samimi Ahmad Jafari
Published: January 2020

The purpose of the present paper is to investigate the impact of corruption on foreign direct investment revenues in OIC countries. To do so, we have concentrated on a sample of 16 countries for which the necessary data were available for the period 2002-2008. We have used panel regression analysis. Our empirical results support that openness and Gross domestic product (GDP) have positive impact and inflation and corruption have negative impact on FDI in OIC countries.
Customer Service in Banks: Mapping Excellence in Emerging New Competitive Era
Authors: Uppal R. K.
Published: January 2020

The Indian Banking Industry has undergone radical changes due to liberalization and globalization measures undertaken since 1991. Today, Indian Banking Industry is one of the largest in world. There has been a great surge in efficient customer services. A highly satisfied and delighted customer is a very vital nonfinancial asset for the banks in the emerging IT era. The curtsey, accuracy & speed are like a crown factors for a bank. Based on the responses of 768 customers of public sector bank, Indian Private Sector Bank & Foreign Bank (each one from these groups) operating in Amritsar district of Punjab and in case of fully E-bank, (three banks, one from each bank group) have been taken into consideration. It may be inferred that there is significant difference among three bank groups with regard to the time customers have to spend to transact a business. The E-banks are more efficient in regard to time factor. This is the very important factor of shifting of potential customers in E-banks. The survey was conducted in Amritsar district of Punjab in the month of September 2007. Chi-Square test is used to check the level of significance difference among various bank groups and coefficient of contingency among various bank group customersâ€™ responses is also calculated.
Relationship between Government Budget Deficits and Inflation in the Iran's Economy
Authors: Mehdi Safdari
Published: January 2020

Government in the economy of a country is responsible for various duties and to do these tasks uses the budget and fiscal policy as a planning and control tools. Because the different goals of economic balance in macro level such as fixing prices and unemployment inhibit any economic program is the priority, so can the government is using funds that involve income and expenses of the government to direct economic in reaching their goals in macro level. In developing countries lacked the private sector are strong, the role of government and its dimensions are larger tasks. The basic aim of the paper is to analyze the Relationship between government budget deficits and inflation in the Iran's economy. According to the positive and significant coefficient of government budget deficit, if budget deficit change to one percent, the inflation rate will change to 1.82 percent.
Factors in Managing Organizational Effectiveness: The Case of Iranâ€™s Economy
Authors: Mehdi Safdari
Published: January 2020

Today, the most important element of economic is management and here, looking scholars management is the process in efficient use of resources therefore being numerous human and material resources are useable. Money and capital are important factor in the economy but when this factor is satisfactory that be managed optimal way also human and software resources are important factor in the economy but when these factors are useful that be managed optimal way. The aim of the study is to determine the relationship between leadership styles of managers with organizational commitment that staff are under their supervision and productivity in the Iranâ€™s economy in a sample and also investigated some demographic characteristics associated with leadership style variables of managers and staff organizational commitment. Stationary or non stationary variables were analyzed by Augmented Dickey Fuller (ADF) and in order to analyze the data, is used analysis of variance and regression analysis.
A Review of Research on Environmental Issues in the Logistics Industry
Authors: Lin Chieh-Yu
Published: January 2020

The logistics industry plays an important role in the global supply chain system. While environmental issues have become critical concerns all over the world, there is a challenge for logistics practitioners and academics to include environmental issues in logistics operations. However, scant attention was paid to environmental issues in the logistics industry. This article aims to understand the trends, gaps, and research opportunities of environmental issues in the logistics industry. Reviewing related literature suggests three broad research areas: the substance of environmental logistics practices, the determinants of environmental logistics practice adoption, and the consequences of implementing environmental logistics practices. Advice for logistics practitioners and opportunities of future research for academics are discussed.
Implementation of HR Practices in University Teachers of Pakistan
Authors: Asghar Rana Jimshaid , . Arshad Zaheer , . Asif Mughal , . Sumaira Khalid
Published: January 2020

The paper in your hand basically addresses the issue of organizational citizenship behavior in a particular context of Pakistani universities teachers. As education is most neglected area in Pakistan, we want to give better understanding of the concept of OCB. This paper will provide guidelines to researchers, teachers, education sector, and other education related institutions to form such policies which can help to increase the higher education standard. Our sample size is 274 university teachers from both public and private sector, including male and female, age ranges from 25 to 60 and teaching experience ranges from less than one year to 10 years. We have taken different HR practices implemented in universities and we studied their impact on the organizational citizenship behavior with mediating effect of organizational commitment it is found significantly positive from. So, we have concluded that by practicing all these independent variables in an effective and efficient way we can increase organizational commitment and it ultimately positively affect the employee positive and cooperative kind of behaviors i-e OCB
Users Satisfaction and ERP Implementation Success
Authors: Anjum Muhammad Jamil
Published: January 2020

An Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) system encompasses the mechanisms and inklings conducted for the solidified management of enterprise as all-inclusive from the discernment of consequential exertion of management expedients to embellish the expedience of the business. Several organizations have implemented ERP system but none of them has claims the desire results. User satisfaction is considered as central indicators of ERP project success. This study was conducted in Pakistani industry with the purpose to indentify and ensure potential success factors of ERP implementation. On the bases of extensive theoretical underpinning, measurement constructs of success factors of ERP implementation were identified. Survey instrument was developed from those success factors. Total three hundred and fifty questionnaires were distributed randomly to ERP users working in Telecom, engineering, Oil and Gas and Government sector. Out of distributed questionnaires two hundred and twenty eight (N=228) questionnaires were retrieved back. The responses were systematically entered, cleaned, and screened in statistical package for social science (SPPS). The core statistical techniques used in this study are regression and correlation analysis. The study finds that user satisfactions have positive and significance relationship with perceived usefulness of ERP system, Perceived ease of use of ERP, Internal support and compatibility of ERP system whereas as results demonstrability of ERP system is found to insignificantly related to ERP user satisfaction. The study further investigates that perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, internal support, and compatibility of ERP system is perceived as important factors for ERP success. The findings suggests that all those interested in better business results and reliable business solutions should consider proper procedure review of software capabilities with confined focus on results demonstrability before embarking on ERP system implementation.
Training & Development Practices in National Bank of Pakistan
Authors: Qayyum Abdul , . Awais Ahmad , . Murad Shuaib Khan , . Kashif-ur-Rehman
Published: January 2020

The purpose of this study is to explore the training & development practices in National Bank of Pakistan (NBP). Different levels of officers are providing training & development opportunities in NBP. Data collected from different staff colleges of NBP. Result of this study shows, bank is providing training & development opportunities to its employees, but there is still gap which should be addressed. Training need analysis is not sufficient. Most of the trainers belong to operational background and they are unable to provide the sufficient training to develop the good employees. Bank does not have sufficient T&D plan for the top-level management.
Thai Consumersâ€™ Perception on Herbal Cosmetic Products: A Comparative Study of Thai and Imported Products
Authors: Thanisorn Rojanadilok , . Bunchapattanasakda Chanchai
Published: January 2020

This research investigated the factors that influence perception of Thai consumers on facial herbal cosmetic products in Thailand. In- depth interview the perception of Thai consumers was utilized in data collection, while content analysis was employed in data analysis. The facial herbal cosmetics products are moisturizer, whitening lotions, creams, powder, toner, make up cleansing, mask, cleansing oil, soap bar, anti-aging lotions and creams. This study revealed that most of the interviewees were female with age between 26-30 years, casual worker ,bachelor degree being the highest education and salary from 10,000 -15,000 baht ($285-430) per month. The marketing mix (4Ps: product, price, place and promotion) were the key factors influencing Thai consumersâ€™ perception on facial herbal cosmetic products. The result found that Thai consumers were satisfied with physical appearance of products; texture, odor, penetration- characteristic and viscosity. Thai consumers trust in the safety of the Thai and imported products. The imported products have new manufacturing technologies of production compare with the Thai products but imported products are more expensive than Thai products. Thai consumers were satisfied with packaging design and pump bottle shape of imported products. Thai consumers found it was convenience to purchasing both herbal products from department store. The direct sale is popular only for Thai products. The imported products had more interesting marketing promotion than the Thai products. The marketing promotions are new product premium, promotion campaign eg. Cash discount, gift premium, fortune, tarot horoscope, makes up and massage workshop. Thai consumers were satisfied with advertisement of both herbal products; brochure, leaflet, beauty information from general magazine, fashion magazine, general book, television and radio. The economic situation, such as inflation situation, is the majority factor of purchasing decision. The average cosmetic budget per each purchase is 1,800 baht (about $50) at the rate of eight purchases per year.
Customer Loyalty in FMCG Sector of Pakistan
Authors: Zaman Khansa , . Asma Arshad , . Aqeel Shahzad
Published: January 2020

The purpose of this study is to find an empirical relationship of proposed variables and to find the impact of customer satisfaction, trust, and corporate reputation on customer loyalty. This study attempts to contribute to the knowledge how FMCG companies of Pakistan can retain their customers by making them loyal through satisfaction, trust, and corporate reputation. A theoretical framework is proposed to suggest links among variables. The sample size selected for research constitutes 200 respondents, and these respondents belong to the cities of Rawalpindi and Islamabad, Pakistan. Multiple regression and correlation coefficient was used to examine hypothesized relationship. Regression analysis reveals that customer satisfaction, trust, and corporate reputation bring 79.0% change in customer loyalty. There is a strong positive yet significant relationship of trust and customer loyalty. Customer satisfaction & corporate image also posit a positive and significant impact on customer loyalty. The results indicate that FMCG companies in Pakistan should pay more attention toward the reputation of their company, satisfaction of their customers, and trust in order to build loyalty of customers. Generalizability and time constraint are the limitations of the study.
Customer Adoption of Internet Banking: An Empirical Investigation in Taiwanese Banking Context
Authors: Chuang Chao Chao
Published: January 2020

In these days, banks work hard to attract consumers and keep their market share by providing them with more innovative services through Internet banking. Banking services are now just at the distance of one click from the mouse. The purpose of this paper is to explore how and why specific factors affect adoption of Internet banking in Taiwan context. The findings suggest six identified factors are significant in respect of customersâ€™ adoption of Internet banking services. Convenience, accessibility and feature availability are the main motivators for consumers to use Internet banking service. Results also reveal that security and privacy play important roles in discouraging the customers to use Internet banking services. Conclusions and managerial suggestions are proposed to provide a practical contribution for bank managers to better understand customersâ€™ perception of e-banking service quality and enhance customersâ€™ adoption rates.
Corporate Governance, Cash holdings and Value of a Firm: Evidence from Australian Firms
Authors: Yarram Subba Reddy
Published: January 2020

The present study analyses influence of board structure and cash holdings on the value of Australian firms for the period 2004 to 2010. Australian Stock Exchange (ASX) adopted the Principles of Good Corporate Governance Guidelines in 2003 and Australian firms have started adopting these principles starting 2004. Similarly the reporting framework of Australian firms is harmonized with the rest of the world with adoption of Australian International Financial Reporting Standards (AIFRS) starting in 2004. Corporate cash holdings despite their significance have not been considered extensively in prior literature outside the US. Cash holdings may have significant influence on the value of the firm as too much excess cash may lead to misuse of these funds by entrenched managers. Corporate governance has a role to play in maintaining appropriate cash holdings and their use. The present has two objectives: it considers the influence of corporate cash holdings on the value of Australian firms; and it examines the role of board structure on the relationship between cash holdings and value of the firm. The present study considers all non-financial firms that are part of the All Ordinaries Index (AOI). The present study constructs Fama French 25 portfolio and estimate the excess return as the difference between actual return and the average return of the relevant FF portfolio. OLS analyses show that board independence has no significant impact on the value of the firm though cash holdings have significant influence. Analysing using panel data methods however unearth the significant influence of board independence on the value of Australian firms.
Applications of Malaysia Deposit Insurance Corporation (MDIC) To Takaful Operators: An Analysis from the Shariah Advisorsâ€™ Perspective
Authors: Abdullah Nurdianawati Irwani
Published: January 2020

The global takaful market is estimated by market analysts to reach a premium of U.S. $ 12.5 billion by 2015. Malaysia is considered the second largest takaful in the world with total asset of US$ 3.2 billion. One of the new innovations of takaful and insurance in Malaysia is Perbadanan Insurance Deposit Malaysia (PIDM) which is also known internationally as the Malaysia Deposit Insurance Corporation (MDIC). The role of MDIC is to provide protection to owners of takaful certificate and to ensure the stability and confidence in the market by protecting policy holder (takaful certificate). Therefore, this study investigates the extent to which MDIC is relevant to takaful operators. Personal interviews are carried out with shariah advisers of takaful operators to deduce the actual practice, the ideal role and to gain access to the field of MDIC and its implications in Malaysia. The findings of this research indicate that MDIC is relevant to takaful operators and part of the regulations that should be supported and encouraged. Furthermore, the study also found that shariah advisers suggest Wakalah bi ajr as an alternative of kafalah-bi al-ajr by shifting the scheme to tabarruâ€˜model. In addition, the study found that the contribution paid should be charged to the participantsâ€™ fund; this is because the protection provided by MDIC is for the fund that belongs to the participants and takaful operators deemed to be wakeel (agent) only.
Entrepreneurship through Micro Finance in North East India: A Comprehensive Review of Existing Literature
Authors: Das Sanjay Kanti
Published: January 2020

Entrepreneurship on small scale is the only solution to the problems of unemployment and proper utilization of both human and non-human resources and improving the living conditions of the poor masses. The basic rationale of developing these industries are that they provide immediate large scale employment, ensure more equitable distribution of income, encourage decentralization of industries and eradicate poverty and unemployment. During the last three decades, many countries of the world have experienced the need and importance of entrepreneurship has been accepted as a strategy to achieve the twin objectives of promotion of entrepreneurship, particularly among the educated unemployed youth and also for rapid industrialization in the economy. The main object of this paper is to study the existing literature on entrepreneurship through Micro finance-SHG linkage in India in general and NER in particular. The analysis of this study is based on secondary sources. Efforts are also made in this paper to analyze the role of micro finance through SHGs in the promotion and development of entrepreneurship. This paper examines the different approaches of entrepreneurship and also explains the different key areas of micro enterprise development. Finally, this paper highlights the problems of micro, rural and women entrepreneurs and also suggested some specific measures based on the survey of existing literature, for the promotion of these industries in the country.
Conversations with Australian Indigenous Females Revealing Their Motives When Establishing a Sustainable Small Business
Authors: L. Cecil A.
Published: January 2020

The Australian government has expressed commitment for Aboriginal entrepreneurship contending it is a pathway for ameliorating poverty, improving economic self-reliance, and building life quality. Yet a restrained geographic and sector spread of Australian Indigenous small business suggests there may be other important motives for starting an enterprise. This paper narrates responses from conversations with Aboriginal women ata remote settlement in the Northern Territory of Australia to reveal they were driven not by desires to acquire wealth, improve their educational opportunities or to escape poverty, but by practical aspirations of operating a local store selling household commodities used in daily living, a coffee shop meeting place, and to meaningfully change their existing community roles enabling them to â€˜get off welfareâ€™. Documenting the experiences and expectations of these Indigenous women exposes how Aboriginal culture, family, and community socialising networks can contribute to fostering female entrepreneurship.
Accepting of E-banking among Banking Customers of Pakistan
Authors: Mughal Muhammad Muazzam , . Kamran Ali , . Abdul Jabbar Khan
Published: January 2020

E-banking is a platform through which a banking customer can perform its financial or non financial transactions electronically without visiting bank, which not only reduces transaction costs but also saves time.E-banking customers are increasing worldwide but its adoption is low in Pakistan. This study is done to investigate the most important factors which contribute to the espousal of E-banking in Pakistan. For this research primary data was collected from 217 customers of different ages, data was collected by structured questionnaire. Statistical descriptive analysis was used to analyze the data. The results shows that privacy and security, trust, ease of usefulness, knowledge and awareness, inaccessibility and came in person preferences are the factors which affect adoption of E-banking in Pakistani customers. Findings also indicate that banking customers of Pakistan are willing to take on E-banking if proper guideline and awareness is provided to them by banks or banking regularity authorities.
Gender Role Portrayal in Television Advertisement: Evidence from Pakistan
Authors: Ali Abid , . Dileep Kumar , . Muhammad Haroon Hafeez , . Bushra Ghufran
Published: January 2020

This study aims to observe the gender role portrayal in food and non-food television advertisement in Pakistan, in order to find out gender discrimination (if any) and association of gender with different content variables. Content analysis of selected TV commercials was used to fulfill the purpose of this study. Services of two independent coders (business graduates) were utilized to code content variables for a sample of 103 commercials (54 food and 49 non-food commercials). Based on the extant literature, seven content variables were selected for this study including: main product user, voiceover, primary character, end comment, soundtrack level, activity level and aggression level. The gender role portrayals in both food and non-food commercials have been compared and discussed. There exists gender discrimination in Pakistani television advertisement, where males dominate more. The reason behind this phenomenon is expected to lie in social and cultural values. This male dominance is higher in food advertisement as compared to non-food advertisement. Results also favor the association of male character with the relatively higher activity and aggression levels in television commercials. The findings of this study are supportive for key players in advertising industry like advertisers and advertising agencies, for self-regulation of their advertising campaigns with respect to gender role. However, more important implication for them is to know about the forces of traditional cultural values and preferences of target audience, for effective planning of the commercials and forecasting their impact. Such knowledge can provide them a better base to assess the need for self-regulation of their advertising campaigns, guiding them towards making more successful commercials. This study reflects the true picture of gender discrimination in Pakistani television advertisement. It has been concluded using a well defined methodology, provides original data for Pakistan and can be considered a good reference for further analysis.
Assessing the Consistency of the Design of Iranian Websites with Cultural Characteristics of their Target Users: An Investigation of the Hofstede Model
Authors: Mousavi Maryamossadat
Published: January 2020

The influence of culture on the design of websites has been researched extensively. A group of researchers has implemented Hofstedeâ€™s Cultural Dimensions as a proper framework to study this subject. The literature supports that cultural characteristics of the Hofstede model are significantly present in the design of websites. It also suggests that making a website compatible with the cultural characteristics of the target users facilitates effective interaction of the users with the websites. Building upon these observations, the present study has investigated the impact of Iranian culture on the design of Iranian university websites. We have measured the consistency of their design with the cultural characteristics of their target users and studied the possible improvements brought about by a culturally harmonious design. To this end, one sample t-test method is applied to compare the scores given by the end users for each cultural dimension, with the scores of the Hofstede model to measure the level of consistency. The results suggest that the design of Iranian university websites represents a more collectivistic and masculine culture with higher indices of power distance than what is specified in the Hofstede model and a change towards a more individualistic, elegant and informal design is necessary for the websites to improve their conformance to the cultural elements of Iranian users and improve their experience. To our knowledge, the present paper is novel in two aspects: firstly, it focuses on the case for Iran, which has not been extensively studied before; secondly, it makes a parallel study to measure the usersâ€™ preferences and compares it to the predictions made by the Hofstede model.
Acceptance of Feedbacks in Reputation Systems: The Role of Online Social Interactions
Authors: Ehsaei Fereshteh Ghazizadeh
Published: January 2020

In an online environment, the aim of reputation systems is to let parties rate each other and to help consumers in deciding whether to transact with a given party. In current reputation systems for e-commerce, users have to trust unreliable information sources and anonymous people. As a result, users are not only hesitant to trust online seller but also to reputation systems. Therefore, there is a need to improve current reputation systems by allowing users to make buying decision based on reliable source of information. This paper proposes a new approach of sharing knowledge and experience in reputation systems by utilizing social interactions. This study examines the potentials of integrating social relations information in reputation systems by proposing a model of acceptance of feedbacks in reputation systems.
Cost Minimization Techniques: A Case of Dairy Product Manufacturers in Pakistan
Authors: Billah Usamah Iyyaz
Published: January 2020

One of the key challenges faced by manufacturing concerns in Pakistan is maintaining (or preferably increasing) the profitability level of their operations. For the purpose of this descriptive study, the dairy sector of Pakistan has been selected as a sample industry. The literature review explains why the dairy sector has been selected for this research, the key cost components and why cost minimization is necessary for companies manufacturing dairy products in Pakistan. A primary survey has been conducted with managers in top dairy companies of Pakistan and the findings have been discussed in detail. The findings include identification of cost components and their impact, cost minimization techniques and their impact on profitability as well as suggestions for new cost reduction measures. This research article is the first one conducted on this topic in Pakistan and can also open new avenues for further research in this area.
Assessing Nigeriaâ€™s Journey towards IFRS Adoption
Authors: Baba Bello Usman
Published: January 2020

Recently the global corporate financial reporting scene has experienced a tremendous transformation with an unprecedented number of countries and enterprises around the world adopting IFRS as a basis in preparing financial statements. In Nigeria, the journey towards adoption of IFRS started in December 2010 and thus an implementation roadmap was designed which was broken down into three phases. Based on the above affirmation, the study assesses the achievements recorded so far, challenges being encountered, and measure taken in order to ensure a smooth and successful implementation of the three phases. Hence, the study is predominantly based on review of various journals, research papers, newspaper articles, periodicals and other documentary materials of professional accounting bodies as well as conferences, seminars and workshop papers. Consequently, the study found that most publicly quoted companies listed on the Nigerian stock exchange (NSE) were still far behind in their implementation process. Thus, the reason for the delay is attributed to several factors which ranges from challenge with amendment of the existing tax laws, the level of awareness among various stakeholders, weak compliance and enforcement mechanisms, the education level and experience, insufficient technical capacity, inadequate planning on the part of companiesâ€™ management as well as inadequate private sector participation. Accordingly, suggestions were made on how to forestall these challenges and ensure a smooth and successful implementation of the next phases.