bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
New BJN initiative to close theory/practice gap
Authors: Castledine George
Published: November 2016

The gap between nursing education and practice is often referred to but seldom clarified.
Penetration of n-Hexadecane and Water into Wood under Conditions Simulating Catastrophic Floods
Authors: Baglayeva Ganna , Seames Wayne S. , Frihart Charles R. , O'Dell Jane , Kozliak Evguenii I.
Published: November 2016

To simulate fuel oil spills occurring during catastrophic floods, short-term absorption of two chemicals, n-hexadecane (representative of semivolatile organic compounds in fuel oil) and water, into southern yellow pine was gravimetrically monitored as a function of time at ambient conditions. Different scenarios were run on the basis of (1) the order of contamination (n-hexadecane followed by water or vice versa) and (2) whether the wood lateral sides were covered with epoxy. The experiments were designed to evaluate fast initial sorption, allowing separate estimation of the end-grain (i.e., total longitudinal) and lateral (i.e., surface longitudinal) liquid penetration. Presaturation of wood with water did not significantly impede the subsequent penetration of n-hexadecane, whereas the presaturation of wood with n-hexadecane led to a significant decrease of the subsequent water uptake. This difference in penetration on the basis of the order of application was explained by the differences in the polarities of the two penetrating liquids and their impacts on the interactions with the wood matrix. Calculated apparent diffusivities for end-grain and lateral penetration were similar at ca. 3 × 10−7 m2/s, indicating that filling of easily accessible near-surface voids does not have a substantial impact on the overall penetration of contaminants into wood. The n-hexadecane distribution profiles based on penetration into wood blocks (obtained by means of gas chromatography) showed that water and n-hexadecane appear to use different (although overlapping) penetration paths owing to the differences in their physical properties.
Perceptions of mothers about food allergy - A preliminary report
Authors: Prawirohartono Endy P.
Published: November 2016

The impact of food allergy on child growth and development should be properly evaluated, although the prevalence of food allergy is low. Most mothers in Indonesia still  practice food elimination if their children are suspected to suffer from food allergy. Types of food that are usually avoided are high-class protein sources such as egg, milk, beef and fish. These types of foods are important for maintaining growth and development during childhood. The aim of this study is to know the perceptions of mothers about food allergy, including its pathophysiology, clinical symptoms and signs, management, and types of foods as allergens. Among mostly 114 of medium to highly educated mothers, there were still wrong perceptions about food allergy. From 114 mothers, 48.2% of them believed that food allergy can not be inherited, egg causes furuncle (54.3%), breast milk causes atopic eczema (46.5%), and food allergy does not relate to respiratory symptoms. There was a relationship between these perceptions and mothers’ educational level. Skin manifestations were most popular among mothers, whereas only 37.7% of mothers believed that food allergy can causes respiratory symptoms. Egg, shrimp, fish, and shellfish were types of animal foods which were popular, whereas peanut, soy, banana, rice and vegetables were recognized as the major causes of food allergy among non animal products.
Outcomes of paediatric malarial hepatopathy: a study from Eastern India
Authors: Pradhan Subal Ku. , Mutalik Pawan , Subudhi Tirumal , Swain Arakhita , Mohanty Niranjan
Published: November 2016

Background Severe malaria causes multi-organ involvement ,including hepatic dysfunction.Jaundice in severe malaria is foundmore commonly in adults than in children. It is important toassess the factors associated with malarial hepatopathy, the variedclinical presentations, as well as the complications in order toinitiate early interventional measures. There are a limited numberof studies in the pediatric population on malarial hepatopathy.Objective To assess the factors associated with malarialhepatopathy, the varied clinical presentations, as well as itscomplications.Methods This prospective study was conducted in the Departmentof Paediatrics, Sardar Vallabh Bhai Patel Post Graduate Institute ofPaediatrics (SVPPGIP), Cuttack, Odisha, India from January 20 10to June 2013, and included 70 children with malaria and jaundice,aged 6 months to 14 years. Malaria was confirmed by microscopicexamination of blood smears. Detailed clinical evaluations andinvestigation s were carried out to find multi-organ afflictions,with a special emphasis on hepatic involvement.Results Of218 children with malaria admitted during this period,70 (32%) children had fever and jaundice on presentation. Allchildren who had both Plasmodium faldparum and vivax infectionhad malarial hepatopathy. Complications, including acutekidney injury (AKI), disseminated intravascular coagulation(DIC), cerebral malaria, and mortality, were significantlyhigher among children with malarial hepatopathy compared tochildren without hepatopathy. Howevei; there was no significantdifference of hypoglycemia, respiratory distress syndrome (RDS),convulsions or severe anemia, between children with and withouthepatopathy.Conclusion Hepatopathy is more common with mixed malariainfections. The incidence of AKI, DIC, cerebral malaria, andmortality are significantly higher in patients with hepatopathy.Malarial hepatopathy should be considered in patients presentingwith acute febrile illness and jaundice so that specific treatmentcan be initiated early to prevent increased morbidity and mortality.
Rebound serum bilirubin levels after single vs. double phototherapy
Authors: Widyastuti Widyastuti , Supriatmo Supriatmo , Tjipta Guslihan Dasa
Published: November 2016

Background Hyperbilirubinemia is the most common clinicalphenomenon found in newborns. Phototherapy is the standardtreatment for lowering bilirubin levels in neonates. Whileintensive (double) phototherapy produces a more rapid declinein serum bilirubin levels than standard (single) phototherapy,greater rebound effects may occur.Objective To assess bilirubin levels in neonates with hyperbilirubinemiawho underwent single or double phototherapy, includingrebound bilirubin levels after phototherapy termination.Methods An open, randomized, controlled trial was con ductedat H. Adam Malik Hospital and Dr. Pirngadi Hospital, Medan,from August 2009 until January 2010. Subjects with indirecthyperbilirubinemia were divided into two groups. One groupreceived single phototherapy (n = 41) and other receiveddouble photo therapy (n = 40) . Measurements of total plasmabilirubin level were conducted at 12 hours and at 24 hoursof phototherapy, as well as at 24 hours after phot otherapytermination. Rebound bilirubin serum level was defined asan increment of about 1 - 2 mg/dL serum bilirubin afterphototherapy discontinuation.Results The decreases in serum bilirubin levels were significantlygreater in the do uble phototherapy group for observationsat 12 h ours , 24 h ours, and 24 hours after phototherapyt ermination (P = 0.0001). At the 24-hour observation afterterminationofphototherapy, only 1 neonate (2.7%) in the singlephototherapy group compared to 4 neonates (10.8%) in thedouble phototherapy group had serum bilirubin level increasesof 1 - 2 mg/dL. Fisher's exact test did not reveal a significantdifference in rebound serum bilirubin occurrence in the twogroups (P = 0.358).Conclusion Double phototherapy shows significantly greaterdecrease in bilirubin level compared to single phototherapywithin a same period of time. Rebound serum bilirubin levels aftersingle and double phototherapy may occur in some patients withhyperbilirubinemia, as bilirubin production continues. However,260 • Paediatr Irulones, Vol. 54, No. 5, September 2014there is no significant difference in rebound effects between singlevs. double phototherapy.
Geochemical investigation of stream sediments from the nlonako area; littoral, Cameroon: implications for Au, Ag, Cu, Pb and Zn mineralization potentials
Authors: Gus Djibril Kouankap nono , Aloysius Afahnwie Ngambu , Patrice Arnaud Kouske , Pierre Wotchoko , Jonas Didero Takodjou Wambo , Christopher Agyingi Mbaringong , Rene Amie Anzah , Emmanuel Cheo Suh
Published: November 2016

Nlonako area belongs to Cameroon Volcanic Line. To determine the mineralization potentials of the area, stream sediment survey and geochemistry were carried out. The results show weak anomalies in Gold and Silver with threshold values of 0.001 and 0.073 respectively. Copper, Lead and Zinc have some relatively high values which are 690ppm, 182ppm and 378ppm with mean values statistically calculated to be 73.90, 46.51 and 198.58 respectively. The data analyzed using multivariate statistical methods yielded 5 factors from Principal Component Analysis (PCA). These five factors are; Factor 1 (Ce, La, Nb, Y), Factor 2 (W, Mo, Sr, As, Cd, Ni), Factor 3 (Pb, Sn, Zn, Sb), Factor 4 (Au, Ag, Cu) and Factor 5 (Cr, Co, Bi). These factors point mostly to a possible sulphide mineralization. Gold shows high correlation with Ag and Cu while Y correlates more highly and positively with Ce and La. There is a relatively high input of the light rare-earth elements which form the highest factor (34.363%) of the total PCA variance and possibly points to a granitic source rock. The existence of maficâ€“ultramafic igneous rocks in the study area underlies high correlations between Cr and Co and other factors gotten from PCA.
Advanced control of direct-driven PMSG generator in wind turbine system
Authors: Gajewski Piotr , Pieńkowski Krzysztof
Published: November 2016

The paper presents the advanced control system of the wind energy conversion with a variable speed wind turbine. The considered system consists of a wind turbine with the permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG), machine side converter (MSC), grid side converter (GSC) and control circuits. The mathematical models of a wind turbine system, the PMSG generator and converters have been described. The control algorithms of the converter systems based on the methods of vector control have been applied. In the advanced control system of the machine side converter the optimal MPPT control method has been used. Additionally the pitch control scheme is included in order to achieve the limitation of maximum power and to prevent mechanical damage of the wind turbine. In the control system of the grid side converter the control of active and reactive power has been applied with the application of Voltage Oriented Control (VOC). The performance of the considered wind energy system has been studied by digital simulation. The results of simulation studies confirmed the good effectiveness of the considered wind turbine system and very good performance of the proposed methods of vector control and control systems.
Magnet loss analysis for a high-speed PM machine with segmented PM and modified tooth-tips shape
Authors: Mlot Adrian , Łukaniszyn Marian , Korkosz Mariusz
Published: November 2016

This paper presents the loss-oriented performance analysis of a radial highspeed permanent magnet (PM) machine with concentrated windings for automotive application. The PM synchronous machine was designed for an operating frequency up to 800 Hz. The main aim of this paper is to analyse the selected methods for magnet eddycurrent loss reduction. The first approach to rotor modification regards magnet segmentation in circumferential and axial directions. The second approach is based on changes in tooth-tips shape of the stator. The best variants of tooth-tip shapes are determined for further investigation, and adopted with a rotor having magnet segmentation. It is found that the machine with a segmented magnet leads to magnet loss reduction by 81%. Further loss reduction by 45% can be realized with the proposed tooth-tip shape. Additionally, owing to the stator and rotor modifications, the main machine parameters are investigated, such as back-EMF, electromagnetic torque, torque ripple and cogging torque. The 2-D and 3-D finite element analysis (FEA) is used for electromagnetic analysis. An experimental approach based on a partially wound stator is employed to verify the 3-D FEA.
Modeling of linear dispersive materials using scalable time domain finite element scheme
Authors: Butryło Bogusław
Published: November 2016

This paper deals with some aspects of formulation and implementation of a broadband algorithm with build-in analysis of some dispersive media. The construction of the finite element method (FEM) based on direct integration of Maxwell’s equations and solution of some additional convolution integrals is presented. The broadband, fractional model of permittivity is approximated by a set of some relaxation sub-models. The properties of the 3D time-dependent formulation of the FEM algorithm are determined using a benchmark problem with the Cole-Cole and the Davidson-Cole models. Several issues associated with the implementation and some constraints of the broadband finite element algorithm are presented.
Power supply risk assessment method for relay protection system faults
Authors: Tuyou Si , Jiekang Wu , Weideng Yuan , Anan Du
Published: November 2016

The influence and the potential risk due to hidden faults of a relay protection system on power supply in distribution systems are paid more and more attention to. A probability analysis method is used to analyse fault characteristics and action mechanism of dominant faults, hidden misoperation and non-operation of the relay protection systems, and failure probability model of relay protection system is constructed and simplified. The effects of dominant faults, hidden misoperation and non-operation of the relay protection systems on the reduced power supply load power are analysed, and a probabilistic model for reduced power supply load power is constructed by three parts corresponding to dominant faults, hidden misoperation and non-operation. A probability calculation method of power supply risk occurrence due to hidden faults of relay protecttion system is proposed considering the fault probability of the relay protection systems, the frequency of the hidden faults occurring in operation period, the reduced power supply load power or load power outage, and the connection mode of the in-lines, out-lines and transformers in a substation. The feasibility and applicability of the proposed method for estimation of risk value probability of the relay protection systems is verified by two studied examples.
A novel circuit topology of modified switched boost hybrid resonant inverter fitted induction heating equipment
Authors: Bhattacharya Ananyo , Sit Kaushik , Sadhu Pradip Kumar , Pal Nitai
Published: November 2016

A novel circuit topology of modified switched boost high frequency hybrid resonant inverter fitted induction heating equipment is presented in this paper for efficient induction heating. Recently, induction heating technique is becoming very popular for both domestic and industrial purposes because of its high energy efficiency and controllability. Generally in induction heating, a high frequency alternating magnetic field is required to induce the eddy currents in the work piece. High frequency resonant inverters are incorporated in induction heating equipment which produce a high frequency alternating magnetic field surrounding the coil. Previously this high frequency alternating magnetic field was produced by voltage source inverters. But VSIs have several demerits. So, in this paper, a new scheme of modified switched boost high frequency hybrid resonant inverter fitted induction heating equipment has been depicted which enhances the energy efficiency and controllability and the same is validated by PSIM.
Effect of drying methods for inner parameters of red beetroot (Beta vulgaris L.)
Authors: Székely D. , Illés B. , Stéger-Máté M. , Monspart-Sényi J.
Published: November 2016

In compliance with consumer expectations, careful processing and preservation are increasingly used with fruits and vegetables. The aim is that during these treatments the valuable nutritional characteristics of the raw materials change as little as possible. Drying has been used for the preservation of raw materials for a long time, which can distinguish two different groups based upon pressure. These are the atmospheric and the more careful vacuum drying.

During the research, Alto F1 beetroots were being dried in vacuum and under atmospheric pressure at different temperatures. Vacuum drying took place at 40, 50, and 60 °C, while atmospheric drying at 60, 70, and 80 °C. All drying processes lasted 150 minutes. During drying, changes of moisture content and water activity were monitored. After drying, colour measurement was realized and the inner parameters were investigated, such as polyphenol, betalain, and antioxidant capacity. These measured parameters were compared in the ease of atmospheric and vacuum drying.
Computation of spatio-temporal parameters in level walking using a single inertial system in lean and obese adolescents
Authors: Cimolin Veronica , Capodaglio Paolo , Cau Nicola , Galli Manuela , Santovito Cristina , Patrizi Alessandra , Tringali Gabriella , Sartorio Alessandro
Published: November 2016

In recent years, the availability of low-cost equipment capable of recording kinematic data during walking has facilitated the outdoor assessment of gait parameters, thus overcoming the limitations of three-dimensional instrumented gait analysis (3D-GA). The aim of this study is twofold: firstly, to investigate whether a single sensor on the lower trunk could provide valid spatio-temporal parameters in level walking in normal-weight and obese adolescents compared to instrumented gait analysis (GA); secondly, to investigate whether the inertial sensor is capable of capturing the spatio-temporal features of obese adolescent gait. These were assessed in 10 obese and 8 non-obese adolescents using both a single inertial sensor on the lower trunk and an optoelectronic system. The parameters obtained were not statistically different in either normal-weight or obese participants between the two methods. Obese adolescents walked with longer stance and double support phase compared to normal-weight participants. The results showed that the inertial system is a valid means of evaluating spatio-temporal parameters in obese individuals.
Multicenter performance evaluation of a second generation cortisol assay
Authors: Vogeser Michael , Kratzsch Jürgen , Ju Bae Yoon , Bruegel Mathias , Ceglarek Uta , Fiers Tom , Gaudl Alexander , Kurka Hedwig , Milczynski Christoph , Prat Knoll Cristina , Suhr Anna C. , Teupser Daniel , Zahn Ingrid , Ostlund Richard E.
Published: November 2016

Background:

Untreated disorders of the adrenocortical system, such as Cushing’s or Addison’s disease, can be fatal, and accurate quantification of a patient’s cortisol levels is vital for diagnosis. The objective of this study was to assess the analytical performance of a new fully-automated Elecsys® Cortisol II assay (second generation) to measure cortisol levels in serum and saliva.

Methods:

Four European investigational sites assessed the intermediate precision and reproducibility of the Cortisol II assay (Roche Diagnostics) under routine conditions. Method comparisons of the Cortisol II assay vs. liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), the gold standard for cortisol measurement, were performed. Cortisol reference ranges from three US sites were determined using samples from self-reported healthy individuals.

Results:

The coefficients of variation (CVs) for repeatability, intermediate precision, and reproducibility for serum samples were ≤2.6%, ≤5.8%, and ≤9.5%, respectively, and for saliva were ≤4.4% and ≤10.9%, and ≤11.4%, respectively. Agreement between the Cortisol II assay and LC-MS/MS in serum samples was close, with a slope of 1.02 and an intercept of 4.473 nmol/L. Reference range samples were collected from healthy individuals (n=300) and serum morning cortisol concentrations (5–95th percentile) were 166.1–507 nmol/L and afternoon concentrations were 73.8–291 nmol/L. Morning, afternoon, and midnight saliva concentrations (95th percentile) were 20.3, 6.94, and 7.56 nmol/L, respectively.

Conclusions:

The Cortisol II assay had good precision over the entire measuring range and had excellent agreement with LC-MS/MS. This test was found suitable for routine diagnostic application and will be valuable for the diagnosis of adrenocortical diseases.
Discourses on Witchcraft and Uses of Witchcraft Discourse
Authors: Mencej Mirjam
Published: November 2016

Based on field research, this article discusses various discourses that the inhabitants of the Eastern Slovenian region could use when discussing witchcraft. Further on it focuses on various possible uses of the witchcraft discourse: as long as witchcraft discourse had enough open support in the region, it constituted the context in which witchcraft narratives were “shared with licence”, which enabled people to draw upon and mobilize them for various purposes and with various intentions. This paper gives examples of how bewitchment narratives served as a strategy that individuals could appropriate and use to their benefit in everyday life.
Incentive and Architecture of Multi-Band Enabled Small Cell and UE for Up-/Down-Link and Control-/User-Plane Splitting for 5G Mobile Networks
Authors: Saha Rony Kumer , Aswakul Chaodit
Published: November 2016

In this paper, a multi-band enabled femtocell base station (FCBS) and user equipment (UE) architecture is proposed in a multi-tier network that consists of small cells, including femtocells and picocells deployed over the coverage of a macrocell for splitting uplink and downlink (UL/DL) as well as control-plane and user-plane (C-/U-plane) for 5G mobile networks. Since splitting is performed at the same FCBS, we define this architecture as the same base station based split architecture (SBSA). For multiple bands, we consider co-channel (CC) microwave and different frequency (DF) 60 GHz millimeter wave (mmWave) bands for FCBSs and UEs with respect to the microwave band used by their over-laid macrocell base station. All femtocells are assumed to be deployed in a 3-dimensional multi-storage building. For CC microwave band, cross-tier CC interference of femtocells with macrocell is avoided using almost blank subframe based enhanced inter-cell interference coordination techniques. The co-existence of CC microwave and DF mmWave bands for SBSA on the same FCBS and UE is first studied to show their performance disparities in terms of system capacity and spectral efficiency in order to provide incentives for employing multiple bands at the same FCBS and UE and identify a suitable band for routing decoupled UL/DL or C-/U-plane traffic. We then present a number of disruptive architectural design alternatives of multi-band enabled SBSA for 5G mobile networks for UL/DL and C-/U-plane splitting, including a disruptive and complete splitting of UL/DL and C-/U-plane as well as a combined UL/DL and C-/U-plane splitting, by exploiting dual connectivity on CC microwave and DF mmWave bands. The outperformances of SBSA in terms of system level capacity, average spectral efficiency, energy efficiency, and control-plane overhead traffic capacity in comparison with different base stations based split architecture (DBSA) are shown. Finally, a number of technical and business perspectives as well as key research issues of SBSA are discussed.
Solving a Linear Optimization Word Problems by Using GeoGebra
Authors: Molnár Pavel
Published: November 2016

Today's modern age is characterized by the rapid development of information and communication technologies, which is also reflected in the educational process. It is therefore necessary to prepare the young generation of even at primary and secondary schools to solve problems from real life. Using the appropriate motivation, innovative methods and application of modern information and communication technologies into the teaching process, we can succeed. Constructions created using by dynamic geometry systems bring new opportunities to learning. The aim of this article is to introduce the possibility of using GeoGebra in graphics solution of system of linear inequalities and also in the geometric interpretation of solutions to word problems leading to the linear optimization. The article describes the observations of experimental teaching, where was used GeoGebra. The experimental teaching was conducted at a grammar school in Košice. GeoGebra offers suitable tools to create graphical models in solving the optimization problems.
Flexible Hybrid Learning: Comparison of Two Approaches and Learning Results
Authors: Šimonová Ivana , Poulová Petra , Kostolányová Kateřina
Published: November 2016

Hybrid learning has become a widely exploited approach within the ICT-enhanced instruction. Making it flexible to students’ individual needs and preferences was the problem solved in various ways at Czech higher education institutions. In the paper two approaches to adapting the learning process to learner’s individual preferences are described comparing two different models of flexible hybrid learning. These models were exploited in educational practice and pedagogical experiments comparing learners’ knowledge in flexible and non-flexible learning were conducted. The results did not proved clearly visible differences in the two approaches, as neither numerous world-recognized researches did. Despite this, authors are persuaded that research activities in this field should go on, paying deeper attention to learners’ personal characteristics and other activities within the learning process.
Outcomes in Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction Surgery
Authors: Roman Mihai , Prejbeanu Radu , Feier Andrei-Marian , Russu Octav , Todor Adrian , Predescu Vlad , Codorean Bogdan , Bățagă Tiberiu , Fleaca Radu
Published: November 2016

Improving the outcomes in reconstructive surgery of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) requires a rigorous and permanent assessment of specific parameters. Therefore, we can increase the degree of reproducibility of the procedure and identify particular aspects in order to achieve an adequate and individualized therapeutic approach for each case. In order to accomplish this goal, the use of complex means (scores) of quantifying results is required. That includes objective means of verifying the parameters in knee surgery, and a subjective evaluation of the patient in order to compare the results.
Novel Surgical Technique for Bone Marrow Lesion — Case Report
Authors: Fodor Pal , Prejbeanu Radu , Predescu Vlad , Codorean Bogdan , Fleaca Radu , Roman Mihai , Todor Adrian , Russu Octav , Bățagă Tiberiu
Published: November 2016

Introduction: Bone marrow lesions (BMLs) are commonly described as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings associated with stress injuries or trauma. The presence of BMLs closely correlates with pain and rapid joint deterioration. Case presentation: A 51-year-old healthy man presented to our clinic with severe knee pain due to BMLs. After 3 months of conservative treatment, arthroscopy and subchondroplasty (SCP) of the medial femoral condyle was performed. The IKDC (International Knee Documentation Committee) score improved from 39.9 to 66.7 at 6 months, and to 87.4 at 1 year after surgery. The KOOS (Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome) score improved from 38.5 to 77.7 at 6 months, and to 92.6 at 1 year after surgery. The Tegner Lysholm score improved from 23 to 80 at 6 months, and to 95 at 1 year after surgery. Conclusion: SCP may provide a viable approach to reduce pain associated with BML, with minimal risk of significant complications.
Primary Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction. How Do We Do It?
Authors: Todor Adrian , Predescu Vlad , Codorean Bogdan , Prejbeanu Radu , Roman Mihai , Fleaca Radu , Russu Octav , Bățagă Tiberiu
Published: November 2016

Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tears are frequently seen in current practice mostly affecting the young, active subjects, and usually require ligament reconstruction in order to restore normal knee kinematics. As worldwide interest in anatomic reconstruction grew over the last decade, we have also refined our technique in order to restore the anatomical function as near to the normal as possible. This anatomical restoration concept is believed to prevent the onset of osteoarthritis, which the non-anatomic reconstructions fail to attain. The knowledge gained from the ACL anatomy, function and kinematics has helped in developing the current anatomic methods of reconstruction, which take into account patient anatomy, the rupture pattern, as well as the comorbidities. We present our approach to anatomical single- and double-bundle ACL reconstruction.
The ACL Fixation
Authors: Codorean Ion Bogdan , Tănase Ștefania , Predescu Vlad , Russu Octav , Prejbeanu Radu , Bățagă Tiberiu , Cernat Eduard Marcel
Published: November 2016

ACL rupture frequently occurs due to a pivotal movement between the tibia and femur. In lack of reconstruction surgery of the ligament, osteoarthritis appears. The ACL graft can be fitted through different systems: compression, expansion and suspension. Although different in technique, the clinical end-results show little differences.
Damage assessment of random multiwalled carbon nanotube-reinforced polymer nanocomposites
Authors: Kada Belkacem , Algarni Abdullah , Bourchak Mostefa , Nahas Mahmoud N.
Published: November 2016

The paper presents a numerical procedure to evaluate the mechanical properties and predict the damage initiation of random multiwalled carbon nanotube-reinforced polymer nanocomposites (MWCNT-RPNC). The Hashin-Shtrikman (H-S) random prediction model is used to compute the properties of the reinforced polymer matrix, whereas the Chamis model is used to compute the lamina properties and the Hashin progressive damage model within the ABAQUS environment is used as a finite element analysis (FEA) tool to predict the damage initiation in the reinforced composite material. Experimental testing is employed to validate the numerical results and to adjust the H-S prediction model for MWCNT-RPNC.
Beitragssatzentwicklung in der Gesetzlichen Krankenversicherung und der Sozialen Pflegeversicherung – Projektionen und Determinanten
Authors: Gasche Martin , Rausch Johannes
Published: November 2016

Die Beitragssatzentwicklung in der Gesetzlichen Krankenversicherung (GKV) und der Sozialen Pflegeversicherung (SPV) wird analytisch in einen Demographieeffekt, einen Ausgabenniveaueffekt und einen Einkommenseffekt aufgeteilt. Empirisch zeigt sich, dass der reine Demographieeffekt vor allem mittelfristig in beiden Sozialversicherungszweigen eine bedeutende Rolle spielt. Allerdings ist aufgrund des steileren Verlaufes der Ausgabenprofile die Beitragssatz erhöhende Wirkung des Demographieeffektes in der SPV weitaus größer als in der GKV. So wird mittel- und langfristig die Beitragssatzentwicklung der SPV vor allem durch die demographische Entwicklung getrieben, während diese in der GKV nur mittelfristig zu einer Verschärfung der finanziellen Belastung führt. In der Krankenversicherung wird der Beitragssatz hauptsächlich vom Ausgabenniveaueffekt determiniert, der in der SPV aufgrund des Teilkaskocharakters mit vorgegebenen Leistungspauschalen eine untergeordnete Rolle spielt. Eine höhere Fertilitätsrate führt aufgrund der zunehmenden Ausgaben für Kinder kurzfristig zu einem stärkeren Anstieg des Beitragssatzes in der GKV. Bis 2060 wird diese Beitragssatzerhöhung allerdings durch die zunehmende Anzahl von Beitragszahlern ausgeglichen, und es kommt zu einer geringen Beitragssatzentlastung.
Die Rolle befristeter Beschäftigung in Europa
Authors: Bachmann Ronald , Bredtmann Julia
Published: November 2016

Befristete Verträge werden in vielen Ländern der Europäischen Union als Instrument, Arbeitsmärkte flexibel zu gestalten, eingesetzt. Ein internationaler Vergleich zeigt, dass die befristete Beschäftigung nur bedingt die Durchlässigkeit der Arbeitsmärkte unterstützt. Zwar erleichtert sie teilweise den Arbeitsmarktzugang, führt aber auch zu instabilen Beschäftigungsverhältnissen und segmentierten Arbeitsmärkten, die mit einer geringen Sprungbrettfunktion der befristeten Beschäftigung einhergehen. Um nachhaltige Beschäftigung zu schaffen, erscheinen Reformen des Kündigungsschutzes, die Übergänge in reguläre Jobs erleichtern, sowie Investitionen in Aus- und Weiterbildung als sinnvolle Alternativen.
Reform von Mietspiegel und ortsüblicher Vergleichsmiete
Authors: Sebastian Steffen
Published: November 2016

Die in 2015 eingeführte Mietpreiskontrolle kann nur dann effektiv umgesetzt werden, wenn in den betroffenen angespannten Wohnungsmärkten Mietspiegel vorliegen, die wissenschaftlich unangreifbar und damit rechtssicher sind. Die aktuelle Rechtslage zu Mietspiegeln wird diesen Anforderungen nicht gerecht. Entsprechend ist auch die Erstellung von Mietspiegeln in Deutschland von sehr unterschiedlicher Qualität. Die Bundesregierung hat erste Entwürfe vorgelegt, um die Anforderungen an Mietspiegel zu reformieren und insbesondere konkreter zu fassen. In diesem Aufsatz sollen weitere Reformvorschläge unterbreitet und einige Elemente des Gesetzesentwurfs kommentiert werden. Hierbei soll nicht nur aufgezeigt werden, wie Mietspiegel besser berechnet werden könnten, sondern auch, wie durch eine Reform der Mietspiegel bzw. der ortsüblichen Vergleichsmiete negative Auswirkungen der neuen Mietpreiskontrolle gemindert werden können.
Modern lymphatic dissection techniques for preventing post renal transplant lymphocele
Authors: Lucan Ciprian Valerian , Jurchis Ionut , Suciu Mihai , Selicean Sonia Emilia , Buttice Salvatore
Published: November 2016

Background and Aims: Development of a lymphocele is a well-known complication following kidney transplant. Among causative factors, recipient iliac lymphatics dissection plays an important role. Electrothermal bipolar sealing devices (LigaSureTM) have been shown to decrease lymphatic leakage in a number of instances. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the use of this device decreases post-operative lymphatic complications in kidney transplant.Materials and methods: 48 patients admitted for renal transplant were included in the study. They were randomly assigned to either conventional ligation or LigaSureTM during lymphatic dissection.Results: One patient in the LigaSureTM arm and 5 patients in the conventional ligation arm developed lymphocele (p=0.04). Lymphatic drainage volumes were 99.8 ± 39.87 ml in the LigaSure arm and 131.46 ± 54.2 ml in the conventional ligation arm (p=0.02)Conclusion: Electrothermal bipolar sealing devices exhibit safety and efficiency when used in renal transplant lymphatic dissection. In the present study, this technique proved to be superior to conventional ligation in terms of post-operative lymphatic complications.
Epidemiology of Invasive Early-Onset Neonatal Sepsis, 2005 to 2014
Authors: Schrag Stephanie J. , Farley Monica M. , Petit Susan , Reingold Arthur , Weston Emily J. , Pondo Tracy , Hudson Jain Jennifer , Lynfield Ruth
Published: November 2016

BACKGROUND:

Group B Streptococcus (GBS) and Escherichia coli have historically dominated as causes of early-onset neonatal sepsis. Widespread use of intrapartum prophylaxis for GBS disease led to concerns about the potential adverse impact on E coli incidence.

METHODS:

Active, laboratory, and population-based surveillance for culture-positive (blood or cerebrospinal fluid) bacterial infections among infants 0 to 2 days of age was conducted statewide in Minnesota and Connecticut and in selected counties of California and Georgia during 2005 to 2014. Demographic and clinical information were collected and hospital live birth denominators were used to calculate incidence rates (per 1000 live births). We used the Cochran–Amitage test to assess trends.

RESULTS:

Surveillance identified 1484 cases. GBS was most common (532) followed by E coli (368) and viridans streptococci (280). Eleven percent of cases died and 6.3% of survivors had sequelae at discharge. All-cause (2005: 0.79; 2014: 0.77; P = .05) and E coli (2005: 0.21; 2014: 0.18; P = .25) sepsis incidence were stable. GBS incidence decreased (2005: 0.27; 2014: 0.22; P = .02). Among infants <1500 g, incidence was an order of magnitude higher for both pathogens and stable. The odds of death among infants <1500 g were similar for both pathogens but among infants ≥1500 g, the odds of death were greater for E coli cases (odds ratio: 7.0; 95% confidence interval: 2.7–18.2).

CONCLUSIONS:

GBS prevention efforts have not led to an increasing burden of early-onset E coli infections. However, the stable burden of E coli sepsis and associated mortality underscore the need for interventions.
Szekunder karbonátok mennyisége és vertikális eloszlása tokaji talajszelvényekben
Authors: Novák Tibor József , Csámer Árpád , Incze József , Papp István , Rózsa Péter
Published: November 2016

The forms and stocks of secondary carbonate accumulations and the distribution of secondary carbonate content were investigated in 20 soil profiles from Nagy-hegy, Tokaj. The secondary carbonate content varied to a great extent under different lithological conditions. The frequency of carbonate crusts coating the coarse fragments to a thickness of 1–7 mm was especially conspicuous. In selected profiles the amount of secondary carbonates was analysed separately for three carbonate pools: in the fine earth (<2 mm), in carbonate crusts and other concentrations, and in the skeletal part of the soils (dominantly dacite blocks and boulders). In one profile a calculation was made of the calcium carbonate stocks (in kg m−2) in the separate fractions of the fine earth, the skeletal fraction and the carbonate crusts and concentrations. The values obtained for the distinct soil horizons were then summed for the whole profile above the continuous hard rock.

The loess deposits can be regarded as the primary source of calcium carbonate, but many types of secondary carbonate accumulations occurred in places where the loess deposits were completely eroded or the original surface of the soil was only preserved on terraces with retaining walls. The results suggest that the highest accumulation of calcium carbonate occurs in profiles where loess, redeposited loess or colluvial deposit covers weathered volcanic rocks (pyroxene dacite), resulting in lithological discontinuity.

The carbonate crusts consisted of 55–96 % (m/m) CaCO3, and the coarse fraction (dacite boulders and blocks) also had a higher calcium carbonate content (5–10 % m/m) than the non-weathered pyroxene dacite. The calcium carbonate stocks in Calcic accumulation horizons proved to be 2.5 times higher than in the overlying soil horizons.

The accumulation forms of carbonates in the soil profiles and the lack of loess deposits on the top of the soil profiles suggest that the calcium carbonate was accumulated in the transitional zone between the loess and the weathered volcanic rocks. This appears to have taken place under humid climatic conditions, unlike the recent climate, and can thus be regarded at least partially as the result of paleoecological processes.
Szójafajták gyökérnövekedésének és szárazságtűrésének in situ vizsgálata elektromos kapacitás mérésével
Authors: Cseresnyés Imre , Rajkai Kálmán , Takács Tünde
Published: November 2016

Munkánk során tenyészedény-kísérlettel teszteltük az elektromos gyökérkapacitás (EC) mérés alkalmazhatóságát szójafajták gyökérnövekedésének és szárazságtűrésének in situ vizsgálata céljából. A kontroll és a szárazságstressznek kitett növények EC-jét rendszeresen mértük, végül biomasszájukat destruktív eljárással meghatároztuk.

Az EC mérésével jól detektálható volt a fajták eltérő gyökérnövekedési dinamikája és biomassza-produkciója. Az EC — fajtától és kortól függő intenzitással — a virágzás kezdetéig folyamatosan emelkedett, majd közel állandóvá vált. A fajták EC-je és gyökértömege szoros korrelációt mutatott a kontroll (R2=0,844) és a szárazságkezelt (R2=0,936) növényeknél egyaránt. A vízhiány 28,8–50,5%-kal csökkentette az egyes fajták EC-jét, ami összhangban állt azok hajtástömegeinek 25,5–49,1%-os, és levélfelületeinek (transzspirációjának) 23,6–51,5%-os csökkenésével, ugyanakkor több fajtánál lényegesen meghaladta a gyökértömegben mutatkozó veszteséget (12,6–47,3%). Ennek oka, hogy a szárazság hatására nőtt a gyökér/hajtás arány (3,9–21,9%-kal), ezért csökkent az egységnyi gyökértömegre eső (fajlagos) vízfelvétel, így a fajlagos EC is. Mindezt alátámasztotta az EC-gyökértömeg regressziós egyenes meredekségének csökkenése (kontroll: 0,437 nF/g gyökér; szárazságkezelt: és 0,317 nF/g gyökér). Megállapítható, hogy az EC a teljes gyökérrendszer felvételi aktivitását jelzi, így — a gyökértömeggel szemben — funkcionális mutatója is a gyökérzet aktuális állapotának.

Eredményeink alapján az EC mérése hatékony módszer a gyökérnövekedési dinamika fajtaspecifikus különbségeinek vizsgálatára, valamint a környezeti hatások okozta biomassza-veszteség becslésére. Az in situ eljárás a hagyományos technikák mellett az agrártudományi kutatások számos területén (pl. fajtaszelekció, stressztűrés-vizsgálatok) haszonnal járhat.
Nitrogén, réz és molibdén kölcsönhatása a zabra (Avena sativa L.)
Authors: Kádár Imre
Published: November 2016

Mészlepedékes csernozjom vályogtalajon beállított szabadföldi kísérletben vizsgáltuk a N, Cu és Mo elemek közötti kölcsönhatásokat 1994-ben zab növénnyel. Termőhely talaja a szántott rétegben 3% humuszt, 5% körüli CaCO3-ot és 20% körüli agyagot tartalmazott. Talajelemzések alapján a terület jó Ca, Mg, K, Mn, kielégítő Cu, valamint gyenge-közepes P és Zn ellátottságú volt. A talajvíz 13–15 m mélyen található, a terület aszályérzékeny. A kísérletet 4N × 3Cu = 12 kezelés × 3 ismétlés = 36 parcellával állítottuk be osztott parcellás (split-plot) elrendezéssel. A N 0, 100, 200, 300 kg·ha−1, a Cu 0, 50, 100 kg/ha adagokat jelentett Ca-ammóniumnitrát, illetve CuSO4 formájában. A kísérlet 5. évében a 15 m hosszú parcellákat megfeleztük és 1 m-es úttal elválasztottuk. A kísérlet sávos split-plot elrendezésűvé vált 4N×3Cu×2Mo = 24 kezelés × 3 ismétlés = 72 parcellával. A 48 kg·ha−1 Mo-t (NH4)6Mo7O24×4H2O formában alkalmaztuk. Főbb eredmények:

— Az aszályos évben mindössze 137 mm eső esett a zab 140 napos tenyészideje alatt. A N-trágyázásra a kontrollon mért 3,8 t·ha−1 szemtermés 2,1 t·ha−1-ra zuhant. A Cu és a Mo kezelések a terméstömeget nem befolyásolták, hasonlóan a korábbi évekhez.

— A N-bőséggel emelkedett a N, Ca, K, P, S, Mg, Ni koncentrációja a bokrosodáskori hajtásban, aratáskori szalmában és szemben egyaránt, míg a Na és Ba mennyisége visszaesett aratás idején.

— A Cu beépülését mind a Cu, mind a N kínálata serkentette. A fiatal hajtás Cu-tartalma a pozitív NxCu kölcsönhatás nyomán megháromszorozódott. A Ntrágyázás kifejezettebben növelte a Cu-tartalmat, mint a Cu-trágya.

— A két évvel korábban adott 48 kg·ha−1 Mo-adag nyomán a zab vegetatív részeinek Mo-koncentrációja két nagyságrenddel dúsult és a magban is többszörösére nőtt. A termés állati fogyasztásra alkalmatlanná vált.

— Az 1 t szem + a hozzátartozó melléktermés fajlagos elemtartalma 30 kg N, 36 kg K2O, 11–13 kg P2O5, 11–14 kg CaO, 4–6 kg MgO mennyiségnek adódott. A N túltrágyázás okozta depresszió (kis termések) miatt az elemtartalom megnőtt (betöményedett) a növényi szövetekben. Az extrém nagy CaO és MgO fajlagos értékek létrejöttéhez a meszes, Ca és Mg elemekben gazdag termőhely is hozzájárulhatott.
Applications of polymer concrete in corrosive environments
Authors: Lora C. , Ocampo J. , Valdez B. , Schorr M.
Published: November 2016

Concrete is a composite material, composed of cement, sand, gravel and water, reinforced with steel bars or mesh. It is used for the construction of infrastructure assets such as airports, dams, ports, bridges and road ways. Polymer concrete is a relative new material containing a thermosetting resin (instead of water) displaying improved mechanical strength, low permeability, greater corrosion resistance and higher durability. It is employed for new construction and old concrete reparation in the chemical, food, fertilizer, mine and civil industries. Polymer concrete pipe specimens, reinforced with glass-fibers were prepared and exposed in a salt spray (fog) chamber, operating with a NaCl solution, following ASTM standard B-117-11. The deterioration effects were assessed by testing the physical and mechanical properties, before and after the exposure in the spray chamber, in accordance with standard ASTM D3039-2013. Corrosion resistance was evaluated applying ASTM standard C876-2013. The result of this work are presented, illustrated and discussed.
Corrosion Control in Military Assets
Authors: Schorr M. , Valdez B. , Salinas R. , Ramos R. , Nedey N. , Curiel M.
Published: November 2016

The combat fields of modern wars, including the struggle against global terrorism, are localized in diverse, harsh regions: tropical, desert, artic, marine, with varied weather conditions, which adversely affect the corrosion performance of the equipment and facilities involved.

For the sake of brevity, three groups of military mobile and fixed equipment and structures are dealt with: armored ground wheeled vehicles; naval aluminum vessels, and buildings and facilities for providing dwellings, weapons storage and services to the armed forces. They are usually made from carbon steel, aluminum alloys and reinforced concrete, because of their useful properties: high strength, easy availability and low cost. However, due to their limited corrosion resistance they should be protected by coatings (including military coatings), but primarily paint; cathodic protection and corrosion inhibitors.

All these systems suffer from several types of localized corrosion and degradation: galvanic, pitting, intergranular, dealloying, cavitation, erosion, stress cracking, UV effects in plastics and organic coatings. The military assets require the implementation of corrosion control methods and techniques through all their stages: design, construction, installation and operation. Typical cases of corrosion will be presented based on the authors experience and knowledge.
Performa Benih Ikan Mas (Cyprinus carpio Linn) Starin Rajadanu pada Tahap Pendederan I di Bak Beton
Authors: Dharmawantho Listio , Supriyanto Supriyanto
Published: November 2016

Abstrak lengkap dapat dibaca pada full. PDFIkan mas merupakan salah satu komoditas ikan konsumsi air tawar yang sudah berkembang cukup luas. Salah satu strain yang ada dan berpotensi untuk dikembangkan lebih luas adalah strain Rajadanu.