bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Osterix‐mCherry Expression Allows for Early Bone Detection in a Calvarial Defect Model
Authors: Strecker Sara E. , Unterman Shimon , Charles Lyndon F. , Pivovarchick Dmitry , Maye Peter F. , Edelman Elazer R. , Artzi Natalie
Published: November 2019

The process of new bone formation following trauma requires the temporal recruitment of cells to the site, including mesenchymal stem cells, preosteoblasts, and osteoblasts, the latter of which deposit minerals. Hence, bone repair, a process that is assessed by the extent of mineralization within the defect, can take months before it is possible to determine if a treatment is successful. Here, a fluorescently tagged Osterix, an early key gene in the bone formation cascade, is used as a predictive measure of bone formation. Using a calvarial defect model in mice, the ability to noninvasively track the Osterix transcription factor in an Osterix‐mCherry mouse model is evaluated as a measure for bone formation following treatment with recombinant human Bone‐Morphogenetic‐Protein 2 (rhBMP‐2). Two distinct delivery materials are utilized, an injectable nanocomposite hydrogel and a collagen sponge, that afford distinct release kinetics and it is found that cherry‐fluorescent protein can be detected as early as 2 weeks following treatment. Osterix intensity correlates with subsequent bone formation and hence can serve as a rapid screening tool for osteogenic drugs or for the evaluation and optimization of delivery platforms.
Condensation‐Driven Chondrogenesis of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells within Their Own Extracellular Matrix: Formation of Cartilage with Low Hypertrophy and Physiologically Relevant Mechanical Properties
Authors: Yang Yuanheng , Liu Yuwei , Lin Zixuan , Shen He , Lucas Caitlin , Kuang Biao , Tuan Rocky S. , Lin Hang
Published: November 2019

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) represent a promising cell source to regenerate injured cartilage. In this study, MSCs are cultured under confluent conditions for 10 days to optimize the deposition of the extracellular matrix (mECM), which will serve as the scaffold to support MSC chondrogenesis. Subsequently, the MSC‐impregnated mECM (MSC‐mECM) composite is briefly treated with trypsin, allowing the MSCs to adopt a round morphology without being detached from their own mECM. The constructs are then cultured in a chondrogenic medium. Interestingly, after trypsin removal, the treated MSCs undergo an aggregation process, mimicking mesenchymal condensation during developmental chondrogenesis, specifically indicated by peanut agglutinin staining and immunodetectable N‐cadherin expression, followed by robust chondrogenic differentiation. In comparison to conventional pellet culture, chondrogenically induced MSC‐mECM displays a similar level of chondrogenesis, but with significantly reduced hypertrophy. The reparative capacity of the MSC‐mECM derived construct is assessed using bovine cartilage explants. Mechanical testing and histology results show that engineered cartilage from MSC‐mECM forms better integration with the surrounding native cartilage tissue and displays a much lower hypertrophic differentiation than that from pellet culture. Taken together, these findings demonstrate that MSC‐mECM may be an efficacious stem cell‐based product for the repair of hyaline cartilage injury without the use of exogenous scaffolds.
Biomaterial‐Induction of a Transplantable Angiosome
Authors: Charbonnier Baptiste , Maillard Sophie , Sayed Omaer , Baradaran Aslan , Mangat Harshdeep , Dalisson Benjamin , Zhang Zishuai , Zhang Yu‐Ling , Hussain Sabah N. A. , Mayaki Dominique , Seitz Hermann , Harvey Edward J. , Gilardino Mirko , Gbureck Uwe , Makhoul Nicholas , Barralet Jake
Published: November 2019

Creating transplantable vascular networks (angiosomes) that are fed and drained by vessels large enough to be surgically reconnected is key to harnessing the potential of regenerative medicine and advancing reconstructive surgical techniques. Currently, the only way to create a new angiosome is nontrivial and involves pressurizing a vein graft by its surgical attachment to an artery forming an arteriovenous loop (AVL). Material induction of a venous angiosome is reported, by placement of a 3D printed microporous monetite scaffold around a vein and its transplantability is further demonstrated. When the transplanted venosome is cut, it bleeds, illustrating potential reconstructive functionality. The volume of blood vessels generated by biomaterial‐induction is as great as by AVL. Direct contact of the material with the vein does not appear to be critical to luminal sprouting, and wrapping the implant in a silicone membrane significantly reduces sprouting. Pilot studies with microporous polymeric scaffolds induce far less vascular invasion. After 4 weeks, monetite scaffolds are extensively vascularized and can be transplanted to an arterial vessel. This report is significant since a lack of tools to control vascular generation is an impediment to the treatment of several conditions that give rise to tissue ischemia and tissue reconstruction.
Boosting H2O2‐Guided Chemodynamic Therapy of Cancer by Enhancing Reaction Kinetics through Versatile Biomimetic Fenton Nanocatalysts and the Second Near‐Infrared Light Irradiation
Authors: Wang Tingting , Zhang Hao , Liu Hanghang , Yuan Qiang , Ren Feng , Han Yaobao , Sun Qiao , Li Zhen , Gao Mingyuan
Published: November 2019

Fenton reaction–based chemodynamic therapy (CDT) has attracted considerable attention for tumor treatment, because the Fenton reaction can degrade endogenous H2O2 within the tumor to form reactive oxygen species (ROS) to kill cancer cells. The kinetics of the Fenton reaction has significantly influenced its treatment efficacy. It is crucial to enhance the reaction kinetics at the maximum H2O2 concentration to quickly produce vast amounts of ROS to achieve treatment efficacy, which to date, has not been realized. Herein, reported is an efficacious CDT treatment of breast cancer using biomimetic CS‐GOD@CM nanocatalysts, which are rationally designed to significantly boost the Fenton reaction through improvement of H2O2 concentration within tumors, and application of the second near‐infrared (NIR‐II) light irradiation at the maximum concentration, which is monitored by photoacoustic imaging. The biomimetic nanocatalysts are composed of ultra‐small Cu2−xSe (CS) nanoparticles, glucose oxidase (GOD), and tumor cell membrane (CM). The nanocatalysts can be retained in tumor for more than two days to oxidize glucose and produce an approximately 2.6‐fold increase in H2O2 to enhance the Fenton reaction under the NIR‐II irradiation. This work demonstrates for the first time the CDT treatment of cancer enhanced by the NIR‐II light.
Highly Robust Flexible Ferroelectric Field Effect Transistors Operable at High Temperature with Low‐Power Consumption
Authors: Ren Chuanlai , Zhong Gaokuo , Xiao Qun , Tan Congbing , Feng Ming , Zhong Xiangli , An Feng , Wang Jinbin , Zi Mengfei , Tang Mingkai , Tang Yong , Jia Tingting , Li Jiangyu
Published: November 2019

Flexible ferroelectric field effect transistors (FeFETs) with multiple functionalities and tunable properties are attractive for low power sensing, nonvolatile data storage, as well as emerging memristor applications such as artificial synapses, though the state‐of‐art flexible FeFETs based on organic materials possess low polarization, large coercivity, and high operating voltage, and suffer from poor thermal stability. Here, developed is an all‐inorganic flexible FeFET based on epitaxial Pb(Zr0.1Ti0.9)O3/ZnO heterostructure on a mica substrate, which not only operates under a small voltage (±6 V) and thus consumes low power with an excellent on/off ratio of 104 as well as retention characteristics, but also shows robust FeFET performance under large bending deformation (4 mm), extended bending cycling (500 cycles), and high temperature operation at 200 °C. Importantly, the FeFET characteristics depend on temperature, but not on temperature history, critical for operation under repeated thermal loading. The excellent mechanical flexibility and functional robustness of the flexible FeFET originate from the unique van der Waals bonded layer structure of mica, facilitating a small bending radius yet modest strain. This work demonstrates the great promise of mica as a universal platform to integrate complicated functional devices for flexible electronics, especially under harsh environment.
Nanostructural Control Enables Optimized Photoacoustic–Fluorescence–Magnetic Resonance Multimodal Imaging and Photothermal Therapy of Brain Tumor
Authors: Duan Yukun , Hu Dehong , Guo Bing , Shi Qi , Wu Min , Xu Shidang , Kenry  , Liu Xin , Jiang Jianwen , Sheng Zonghai , Zheng Hairong , Liu Bin
Published: November 2019

The performance of current multimodal imaging contrast agents is often constrained by the tunability of nanomaterial structural design. Herein, the influence of nanostructure on the overall imaging performance of a composite nanomaterial for multimodal imaging of brain tumors is studied. Newly designed near‐infrared molecules (TC1) are encapsulated into nanocomposites with ultrasmall iron oxide nanoparticles (UIONPs), forming stable nanoagents for multimodal imaging and photothermal therapy (PTT). Through a modified nanoprecipitation method, the synthesis of nanocomposites denoted as HALF is realized, in which UIONPs are restricted to half of the nanosphere. Such a unique nanostructure that physically separates TC1 and UIONPs is found with capabilities of mitigating fluorescence quenching, preserving the good performance of photoacoustic imaging, and enhancing the magnetic resonance imaging signals. Decorated with a peptide ligand cRGD for better brain tumor targeting, HALF‐cRGD is evaluated both in vitro and in vivo as imaging contrast agents and photothermal therapeutic agents. The good imaging performance and PTT effect of HALF‐cRGD in mice models indicate that the rational design and control of nanostructures could optimize multimodal imaging performance using the same components.
In Situ Polymerized Hollow Mesoporous Organosilica Biocatalysis Nanoreactor for Enhancing ROS‐Mediated Anticancer Therapy
Authors: Li Ling , Yang Zhen , Fan Wenpei , He Liangcan , Cui Cao , Zou Jianhua , Tang Wei , Jacobson Orit , Wang Zhantong , Niu Gang , Hu Shuo , Chen Xiaoyuan
Published: November 2019

The combination of reactive oxygen species (ROS)‐involved photodynamic therapy (PDT) and chemodynamic therapy (CDT) holds great promise for enhancing ROS‐mediated cancer treatment. Herein, an in situ polymerized hollow mesoporous organosilica nanoparticle (HMON) biocatalysis nanoreactor is reported to integrate the synergistic effect of PDT/CDT for enhancing ROS‐mediated pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma treatment. 2‐(1‐hexyloxyethyl)‐2‐devinylpyropheophorbide‐a photosensitizer is hybridized within the framework of HMON via an “in situ framework growth” approach. Then, the hollow cavity of HMONs is exploited as a nanoreactor for “in situ polymerization” to synthesize the polymer containing thiol groups, thereby enabling the immobilization of ultrasmall gold nanoparticles, which behave like glucose oxidase‐like nanozyme, converting glucose into H2O2 to provide self‐supplied H2O2 for CDT. Meanwhile, Cu2+‐tannic acid complexes are further deposited on the surface of HMONs (HMON‐Au@Cu‐TA) to initiate Fenton‐like reaction to covert the self‐supplied H2O2 into •OH, a highly toxic ROS. Finally, collagenase (Col), which can degrade the collagen I fiber in the extracellular matrix, is loaded into HMON‐Au@Cu‐TA to enhance the penetration of HMONs and O2 infiltration for enhanced PDT. This study provides a good paradigm for enhancing ROS‐mediated antitumor efficacy. Meanwhile, this research offers a new method to broaden the application of silica based nanotheranostics.
Designing Optimal Perovskite Structure for High Ionic Conduction
Authors: Gao Ran , Jain Abhinav C. P. , Pandya Shishir , Dong Yongqi , Yuan Yakun , Zhou Hua , Dedon Liv R. , Thoréton Vincent , Saremi Sahar , Xu Ruijuan , Luo Aileen , Chen Ting , Gopalan Venkatraman , Ertekin Elif , Kilner John , Ishihara Tatsumi , Perry Nicola H. , Trinkle Dallas R. , Martin Lane W.
Published: November 2019

Solid‐oxide fuel/electrolyzer cells are limited by a dearth of electrolyte materials with low ohmic loss and an incomplete understanding of the structure–property relationships that would enable the rational design of better materials. Here, using epitaxial thin‐film growth, synchrotron radiation, impedance spectroscopy, and density‐functional theory, the impact of structural parameters (i.e., unit‐cell volume and octahedral rotations) on ionic conductivity is delineated in La0.9Sr0.1Ga0.95Mg0.05O3–δ. As compared to the zero‐strain state, compressive strain reduces the unit‐cell volume while maintaining large octahedral rotations, resulting in a strong reduction of ionic conductivity, while tensile strain increases the unit‐cell volume while quenching octahedral rotations, resulting in a negligible effect on the ionic conductivity. Calculations reveal that larger unit‐cell volumes and octahedral rotations decrease migration barriers and create low‐energy migration pathways, respectively. The desired combination of large unit‐cell volume and octahedral rotations is normally contraindicated, but through the creation of superlattice structures both expanded unit‐cell volume and large octahedral rotations are experimentally realized, which result in an enhancement of the ionic conductivity. All told, the potential to tune ionic conductivity with structure alone by a factor of ≈2.5 at around 600 °C is observed, which sheds new light on the rational design of ion‐conducting perovskite electrolytes.
Terahertz Nonlinear Optics of Graphene: From Saturable Absorption to High‐Harmonics Generation
Authors: Hafez Hassan A. , Kovalev Sergey , Tielrooij Klaas‐Jan , Bonn Mischa , Gensch Michael , Turchinovich Dmitry
Published: November 2019

Graphene has long been predicted to show exceptional nonlinear optical properties, especially in the technologically important terahertz (THz) frequency range. Recent experiments have shown that this atomically thin material indeed exhibits possibly the largest nonlinear coefficients of any material known to date, paving the way for practical graphene‐based applications in ultrafast (opto‐)electronics operating at THz rates. Here the advances in the booming field of nonlinear THz optics of graphene are reported, and the state‐of‐the‐art understanding of the nature of the nonlinear interaction of graphene with the THz fields based on the thermodynamic model of electron transport in graphene is described. A comparison between different mechanisms of nonlinear interaction of graphene with light fields in THz, infrared, and visible frequency ranges is also provided. Finally, the perspectives for the expected technological applications of graphene based on its extraordinary THz nonlinear properties are summarized. This report covers the evolution of the field of THz nonlinear optics of graphene from the very pioneering to the state‐of‐the‐art works. It also serves as a concise overview of the current understanding of THz nonlinear optics of graphene and as a compact reference for researchers entering the field, as well as for the technology developers.
Spirophenylacridine‐2,7‐(diphenylphosphineoxide)‐fluorene: A Bipolar Host for High‐Efficiency Single‐Layer Blue Phosphorescent Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Lucas Fabien , Ibraikulov Olzhas A. , Quinton Cassandre , Sicard Lambert , Heiser Thomas , Tondelier Denis , Geffroy Bernard , Leclerc Nicolas , Rault‐Berthelot Joëlle , Poriel Cyril
Published: November 2019

Herein, a high‐efficiency host material for single‐layer phosphorescent organic light‐emitting diodes (SL‐PhOLEDs) is reported. This host material is synthesized via an efficient approach and is constructed on the association of an electron‐rich phenylacridine unit connected by a spiro carbon atom to an electron‐deficient 2,7‐bis(diphenylphosphineoxide)‐fluorene. In addition to a high ET value and adequate highest occupied molecular orbital/lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energy levels, the key point in this molecular design is the suitable balance between hole and electron mobilities, which leads to a high‐performance blue SL‐PhOLED with an external quantum efficiency of 17.6% (current efficiency = 37.8 cd A−1 and power efficiency = 37.1 lm W−1) and a low Von of 2.5 V. This performance shows that the molecular design of the present host fulfills the criteria required for high‐efficiency SL‐PhOLEDs. The present performance is one of the highest reported to date for blue SL‐PhOLEDs and more importantly shows the potential of such a molecular design to reach very high‐performance single‐layer devices.
Double Layer at the Pt(111)–Aqueous Electrolyte Interface: Potential of Zero Charge and Anomalous Gouy–Chapman Screening
Authors: Ojha Kasinath , Arulmozhi Nakkiran , Aranzales Diana , Koper Marc T. M.
Published: November 2019

We report, for the first time, the observation of a Gouy–Chapman capacitance minimum at the potential of zero charge of the Pt(111)‐aqueous perchlorate electrolyte interface. The potential of zero charge of 0.3 V vs. NHE agrees very well with earlier values obtained by different methods. The observation of the potential of zero charge of this interface requires a specific pH (pH 4) and anomalously low electrolyte concentrations (<10−3 m). By comparison to gold and mercury double‐layer data, we conclude that the diffuse double layer structure at the Pt(111)‐electrolyte interface deviates significantly from the Gouy–Chapman theory in the sense that the electrostatic screening is much better than predicted by purely electrostatic mean‐field Poisson–Boltzmann theory.
Techno‐economic analysis of novel power generation system based on coal partial gasification technology
Authors: Ye Chao , Wang Qinhui , Luo Zhongyang , Fang Mengxiang , Cen Kefa
Published: November 2019

A novel power generation system based on coal partial gasification has been proposed of which the coal feed rate is 50kg/s. It is mainly composed of oxygen‐blown CFB gasifier, CFB char combustor, heat recovery boiler and power generation unit. Coal is partly gasified with oxygen and steam to produce syngas and the syngas is sent to GT for power generation. The residue char is combusted in char combustor for power generation. Supercritical power generation technology is adopted in ST power generation unit and the parameter of the main steam is 560°C, 22.4MPa. Techno‐economic analysis of Partial Gasification Combined Cycle (PGCC) system is conducted and compared with IGCC. Law of conservation of energy and production capacity index method are adopted for thermodynamic and economic analysis, respectively. Efficiency of power generation, internal rate of return, and payback period are obtained by detailed calculation. The simulation results show that the efficiency of power generation of APGCC and PPGCC system are 49.44% and 51.37%, respectively, which are higher than that of IGCC. The fixed capital investment of PGCC is much lower than that of IGCC. The internal rate of return and payback period of APGCC 13.38% and 7.24 years, respectively which are ~9% higher and 8 years shorter than that of IGCC, respectively. This article provides a detailed analysis of PGCC which indicates that the PGCC technology has a promising prospect.
Spherical nanoparticle effects on the lower critical solution temperature phase behavior of poly(ε‐caprolactone)/poly(styrene‐co‐acrylonitrile) blends: Separation of thermodynamic aspects from kinetics
Authors: Naziri Amir Ali , Ehsani Morteza , Khonakdar Hossein Ali , Hemmati Farkhondeh , Jafari Seyed Hassan
Published: November 2019

The effects of spherical nanosilica particles on the lower critical solution temperature (LCST) phase diagram of poly(ε‐caprolactone) (PCL)/poly(styrene‐co‐acrylonitrile) (SAN) blends are investigated by using isochronal dynamic temperature sweep tests at different cooling rates. A stronger dependency of the rheologically determined phase‐transition points on the cooling rate is observed in the presence of nanoparticles, which results from the large contribution of entropic surface tension of chains in the Gibbs free energy of mixing and much slower rate of PCL/SAN phase dissolution. By alleviating the effects of kinetic factors, it is found that the drop in the LCST‐type phase boundary of PCL/SAN blends by adding nanofiller is more apparent than real. However, the closest LCST phase diagram to the real steady‐state thermodynamic diagram shows an unexpected shift to lower temperatures by adding nanosilica. The migration of nanosilica particles to the SAN domains especially at lower cooling rates in the dynamic measurements is the most likely explanation of these observations. The findings that prove the profound impact of kinetic factors in dynamic temperature measurements are reached in a hybrid system, wherein the SAN chains are preferentially absorbed on the surface of a nanofiller having very small primary particle size. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 137, 48679.
Expression of the matrix metalloproteinases 2 and 9 in the rat small intestine during intrauterine and postnatal life
Authors: dos Reis Camila Audrey , de Miranda Soares Maria Albertina , Gomes José Rosa
Published: November 2019

The expressions of matrix metalloproteinases 2 and 9 have been described during the development, as an example in heart and tooth but not in the small intestine yet. In this context, this study aimed to evaluate the expressions of MMP‐2 and MMP‐9 in the small intestine of Wistar rats during intrauterine (IU) and postnatal (PN) life. Expressions were determined on the 15th and 18th days of IU life and the 3rd, 10th, 17th, 25th, and 32nd days of PN life. Intestinal samples obtained from six animals were submitted to zymography, immunohistochemistry, and staining with Masson's trichrome. The results showed that MMP‐2 and MMP‐9 were not expressed during IU life; however, after birth, MMP‐9 was immunolocalized in the goblet and mast cells. In conclusion, our results showed that MMP‐2 and MMP‐9 were not expressed in absorptive epithelial cells during the IU period of the small intestine but after birth, MMP‐9 was expressed in the goblet cells, and mast cells present in the lamina propria.
Copper‐Catalyzed Electrophilic Cyclization of N‐Propargylamines with Sodium Sulfinate for the Synthesis of 3‐Sulfonated Quinolines
Authors: Li Ling , Zhang Xing‐Guo , Hu Bo‐Lun , Zhang Xiao‐Hong
Published: November 2019

A convenient and effective protocol for the synthesis of 3‐sulfonated quinolines via copper‐catalyzed electrophilic cyclization of N‐propargylamines has been developed, in which cheap and stable sodium sulfinates were utilized as green sulfonylation reagents. This cascade transformation involves radical addition, cyclization and dehydrogenative aromatization processes in a one‐pot reaction under mild conditions.
Water Quality and Fire Protection Trade‐Offs in Water Distribution Networks
Authors: Gibson John , Karney Bryan , Guo Yiping
Published: November 2019

Key Takeaways

Having enough water available for fighting fires is a significant driver in the design of distribution systems.

A study was conducted to determine how North American fire protection practices affect water quality.

With changes to fire protection practices, water distribution systems might have higher flow velocity, lower capital costs, and fewer water quality issues.
Experimentelle Ermittlung von Reibungsbeiwerten bei Steinstützkörpern aus Naturstein
Authors: Voit Klaus , Neyer Andreas , Schwenn Michael , Zeman Oliver
Published: November 2019

Böschungs‐, Ufer‐ und Sohlsicherungen aus Naturstein erfreuen sich als naturnahe konstruktive Maßnahmen zunehmender Beliebtheit. Hinsichtlich ihrer Wirkungsweise können Steinkonstruktionen unterschieden werden in (1) solche mit stützender Wirkung, welche durch Schlichten oder Setzen errichtet werden, und in (2) Steinkörper und Berollungen, deren Herstellung durch Schütten oder Werfen erfolgt und die rein durch ein Beschweren der Böschung wirken. Bei Steinstützkörpern handelt es sich generell um vergleichsweise flexible Konstruktionen, die Verformungen im Dezimeterbereich aufnehmen können. Dabei erfolgt die Kraftübertragung im unvermörtelten Zustand von Stein zu Stein bzw. bei Versetzen der Steine im Mörtelbett über die Mörtelfuge. Durch die Reibung bzw. Reibungskraft zwischen den Steinen bzw. Mörtel und Stein können Schubkräfte übertragen bzw. aufgenommen werden, die bspw. einem auftretenden Erddruck entgegenwirken.

Für Steinstützkörper gibt es bislang einige bestehende Ansätze für deren Bemessung, es wird jedoch nicht spezifisch auf den Nachweis der inneren Standsicherheit (Gleiten und Kippen in der Lagerfuge, mechanisches Steinversagen) eingegangen. Bei gegenständlichem Forschungsvorhaben wird versucht, Kennwerte für die Bemessung von Steinstützkörpern experimentell zu erfassen, um in einem nächsten Schritt Rückschlüsse auf die innere Standsicherheit von Steinstützkörpern ziehen zu können.
Combined effects of maternal exposure to fungicides on behavioral development in F1‐generation mice: 1. Several dose study of both imazalil and thiabendazole
Authors: Tanaka Toyohito , Suzuki Toshinari , Inomata Akiko , Moriyasu Takako
Published: November 2019

Background

Few published studies are reported for neurobehavioral toxicity of combined exposure to fungicides in mammals. This study was aimed to evaluate reproductive and neurobehavioral effects of maternal exposure to combined fungicides in mice.

Methods

Imazalil (IMZ) and thiabendazole (TBZ) were given in the diet to provide levels of 0/0% (control), 0.0015/0.006% (IMZ/TBZ), 0.006/0.018%, and 0.024/0.054% during the gestation and lactation periods. Selected reproductive and neurobehavioral parameters were measured in the F1 generation.

Results

No adverse effect of IMZ/TBZ was observed in litter size, litter weight, or sex ratio at birth. The average body weight of male and female offspring was increased significantly in treatment groups during the lactation period. With respect to behavioral developmental parameters, the swimming head angle on PND 7 of male offspring was significantly accelerated in the treatment groups. After weaning, the movement time of exploratory behavior shortened in a significant dose‐related manner in adult males of the F1 generation. In adult females, the rearing time of exploratory behavior lengthened in a significant dose‐related manner in the F1 generation. Spontaneous behavior examination indicated that longitudinal patterns of each of the total distance and number of rearing were different during the control and treatment groups in the F1‐generation females. Parallel width of the control and treatment groups was significantly different in the average time of movement and rearing in the F1‐generation females.

Conclusions

The high‐dose level of IMZ/TBZ in the present study produced several adverse effects in neurobehavioral parameters after weaning without concurrent chemical administration in mice.
Rapid development of clone‐specific, high‐performing perfusion media from established feed supplements
Authors: Mayrhofer Patrick , Reinhart David , Castan Andreas , Kunert Renate
Published: November 2019

Perfusion cultivation of recombinant CHO cells is of substantial interest to the biopharmaceutical industry. This is due to increased space–time‐yields (STYs) and a short residence time of the recombinant protein in the bioreactor. Economic processes rely on cultivation media supporting rapid growth in the exponential phase and high protein production in the stationary phase at minimal media consumption rates. To develop clone‐specific, high‐performing perfusion media we present a straightforward and rapid two‐step approach combining commercially available basal media and feed supplements using design‐of‐experiment. First, the best performing feed supplements are selected in batch cultures. Then, the mixing ratio of selected feed supplements is optimized in small‐scale semicontinuous perfusion cultures. The final media formulation is supported by statistical response surface modeling of a set of cultivation experiments with blended media formulations. Two best performing novel media blends were finally applied to perfusion bioreactor verification runs to reach 200 × 106 c/ml within 2 weeks at minimum cell‐specific perfusion rates as low as 10–30 pL/c/d. Obtained STYs of 0.4–1.2 g/L/d represent a 10‐fold increase compared to batch cultures. This general workflow is universally applicable to any perfusion platform combining a specific cell line, basal medium, and established feed solutions.
Lipidated Stapled Peptides Targeting the Acyl Binding Protein UNC119
Authors: Cromm Philipp M. , Adihou Hélène , Kapoor Shobhna , Vazquez‐Chantada Mercedes , Davey Paul , Longmire David , Hennes Elisabeth , Hofer Walter , Küchler Philipp , Chiarparin Elisabetta , Waldmann Herbert , Grossmann Tom N.
Published: November 2019

The acyl‐binding UNC119 proteins mediate the activation and transport of various N‐myristoylated proteins. In particular, UNC119a plays a crucial role in the completion of cytokinesis. Herein, we report the use of a lipidated peptide originating from the UNC119 binding partner Gnat1 as the basis for the design of lipidated, stabilized α‐helical peptides that target UNC119a. By using the hydrocarbon peptide‐stapling approach, cell‐permeable binders of UNC119a were generated that induced the accumulation of cytokinetic and binucleated cells; this suggests UNC119a as a potential target for the inhibition of cytokinesis.
Delayed massive subcutaneous emphysema following Robicsek closure
Authors: Pavone Natalia , Cammertoni Federico , Bruno Piergiorgio , Chiariello Giovanni Alfonso , Graziano Giovanni , Massetti Massimo
Published: November 2019

A surgical procedure may lead to unusual and unexpected clinical scenario. Good medical practice should always keep it in mind. So, a broken sternal steel wire was the rare cause of massive emphysema.
Cyclic Naphthalene Diimide with a Ferrocene Moiety as a Redox‐Active Tetraplex‐DNA Ligand
Authors: Kaneyoshi Shuma , Zou Tingting , Ozaki Shunsuke , Takeuchi Ryusuke , Udou Ayano , Nakahara Takumi , Fujimoto Kazuhisa , Fujii Satoshi , Sato Shinobu , Takenaka Shigeori
Published: November 2019

Cyclic naphthalene diimides (cNDIs), with a ferrocene moiety (cFNDs) and different linker lengths between the ferrocene and cNDI moieties, were designed and synthesized as redox‐active, tetraplex‐DNA ligands. Intramolecular stacking was observed between ferrocene and the NDI planes, which could affect the binding properties for G‐quadruplexes. Interestingly, the circular dichroism spectrum of one of these compounds clearly shows new Cotton effects around 320–380 and 240 nm, which can be considered a direct evidence of intramolecular stacking of ferrocene and the NDI. Regarding recognition of hybrid G‐quadruplexes, the less rigid structures (longer linkers) show higher binding affinity (106 m−1 order of magnitude). All new compounds show higher selectivity for G4 during electrochemical detection than noncyclic FND derivatives, which further identifies the redox‐active potentiality of the cFNDs. Two of the three compounds tested even show preferential inhibition of cell growth in cancer cells over normal cells in a low concentration range, highlighting the potential for bioapplications of these cFNDs.
Co(II)‐salen catalyzed stereoselective cyclopropanation of fluorinated styrenes
Authors: Tai Serene , Maskrey Taber S. , Nyalapatla Prasanth R. , Wipf Peter
Published: November 2019

Three cis‐selective Co(II)‐salen complexes have been developed for the asymmetric cyclopropanation of para‐fluorinated styrenes with ethyl diazoacetate. Increasing the steric reach of the C2‐symmetric ligand side chains improved the enantiomeric ratio of the reaction from 28:1 to 66:1. The methodology was exemplified by the gram‐scale synthesis of a lead compound for the treatment of castration‐resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), as well as a structurally related analog.
An improved intelligent early warning method based on MWSPCA and its application in complex chemical processes
Authors: Geng Zhiqiang , Chen Ning , Han Yongming , Ma Bo
Published: November 2019

With the development of industrial automation, the requirement of abnormal early warning in the industrial production process is getting higher and higher. Facing complex chemical processes, traditional fault detection and abnormal early warning methods have low detection efficiency and poor real‐time performance. Therefore, this paper analyzes and studies fault detection and abnormal early warning methods, and puts forward an improved intelligent early warning method based on the moving window sparse principal component analysis (MWSPCA) suitable for complex chemical processes. The sparse principal component analysis algorithm is used to establish the initial early warning model, and then the moving window is used to update the early warning model, which makes the early warning model more suitable for the characteristics of time‐varying data. Furthermore, the proposed method reduces the false alarm rate and missed alarm rate of the early warning, and improves the real‐time performance of the early warning model. Finally, the feasibility and the validity of the proposed method are verified by the TE process and the oil drilling process. The experiment results show that the proposed method can reduce the risk of complex chemical processes.
Remaining useful life prediction of lithium‐ion battery based on an improved particle filter algorithm
Authors: Xie Guo , Peng Xi , Li Xin , Hei Xinhong , Hu Shaolin
Published: November 2019

Because lithium‐ion batteries are the main power source of industrial electronic equipment, their degradation process modelling and remaining useful life (RUL) prediction problems have attracted wide attention. The particle filter (PF) method has been successfully applied to suppress the model uncertainty and predict the RUL of the lithium‐ion battery. In order to further enhance the stability of the PF method and realize a more satisfactory prediction result, a RUL prediction method based on the hybrid algorithm, which combines the PF algorithm and extended unbiased finite impulse response (EFIR) filter, is proposed. Firstly, the state space model of capacity degradation for the lithium‐ion battery is established, and the model parameters are estimated by the extended Kalman filter (EKF) algorithm. Secondly, a preliminary battery capacity is predicted by using a regularized particle filter. The preliminary predictions with large deviations are diagnosed and repaired by combining the EFIR filter and diagnostic strategy. Finally, the optimized RUL prediction results of the lithium‐ion battery are extrapolated based on the failure threshold. The experiment results demonstrate that the proposed method has good stability and accuracy in predicting the RUL of a lithium‐ion battery.
Isoxazolone Reactivity Explained by Computed Electronic Structure Analysis
Authors: Bella Giovanni , Santoro Antonio , Cordaro Massimiliano , Nicolò Francesco , Bruno Giuseppe
Published: November 2019

Summary of main observation and conclusion

Isoxazol(2H)‐5‐one was chosen as a model molecule to study the structural features (α, β angles and carbonyl bond length) regarding lactone moiety in the isoxazolone species by computational calculation. DFT method with B3LYP 6‐311++G(2df,2p) basis set was used to carry out the optimization on a series (A and B families) of isoxazolones suitably substituted on double bond. The same computational method assisted by default solvent model was performed to evaluate the energies related to the tautomeric equilibrium of isoxazol(2H)‐5‐one and to the keto‐enol process (IRC). NPA (Natural Population Analysis) allowed us to understand how electron density is distributed on the heterocycle ring, highlighting reactive sites in chemical reactions and the possible interactions with biological targets.
Clinical utility of hereditary cancer panel testing: Impact of PALB2, ATM, CHEK2, NBN, BRIP1, RAD51C, and RAD51D results on patient management and adherence to provider recommendations
Authors: Vysotskaia Valentina , Kaseniit K. Eerik , Bucheit Leslie , Ready Kaylene , Price Kristin , Johansen Taber Katherine
Published: November 2019

Background

Although management guidelines exist for several genes associated with a 2‐fold to 5‐fold increase in the relative risk for certain cancers, the value of testing for them remains controversial.

Methods

De‐identified personal and family history data for 654 individuals with pathogenic variants (PVs) in PALB2, ATM, CHEK2, NBN, BRIP1, RAD51C, and/or RAD51D were analyzed for pretest and post‐test candidacy for guideline‐recommended management of cancer risk. These individuals were invited to complete a survey about provider recommendations and their adherence.

Results

Twenty‐four percent of CHEK2, ATM, PALB2, or NBN PV carriers were appropriate for consideration of annual breast magnetic resonance imaging screening before genetic testing, with the remaining 76% appropriate only after testing. No BRIP1, RAD51C, or RAD51D PV carriers were appropriate for consideration of risk‐reducing salpingo‐oophorectomy before genetic testing; 100% were appropriate only after testing. Seventeen percent of CHEK2 PV carriers were appropriate for earlier and more frequent colonoscopy before genetic testing, with the remaining 83% appropriate only after testing. Provider recommendations for annual breast magnetic resonance imaging, consideration of risk‐reducing salpingo‐oophorectomy, and earlier and more frequent colonoscopy were reported by 42%, 26%, and 66% of breast, ovarian, and colorectal cancer risk PV carriers, respectively, before genetic testing, versus 82%, 79%, and 81%, respectively, after testing. Nearly all respondents had planned or undertaken provider‐recommended management.

Conclusions

Testing for PALB2, ATM, CHEK2, NBN, BRIP1, RAD51C, and RAD51D changed management for those carrying PVs. Provider recommendations were aligned with guidelines, and patients adhered to recommendations, both of which are critical for reducing both long‐term cancer morbidity and mortality.
Multi‐view ensemble learning with empirical kernel for heart failure mortality prediction
Authors: Wang Zhe , Chen Lilong , Zhang Jing , Yin Yichao , Li Dongdong
Published: November 2019

Heart failure (HF) refers to the heart's inability to pump sufficient blood to maintain the body's needs, which has a very serious impact on human health. In recent years, the prevalence of HF has remained high. This paper proposes a multi‐view ensemble learning algorithm based on empirical kernel mapping called MVE‐EK, which predicts the mortality of patient through hospital records. Multi‐view ensemble learning can take advantage of the consistency and complementarity of different views. The MVE‐EK first divides the patient's features into multiple views and then divides the samples of each view to multiple subsets through under sampling, which can reduce the imbalance rate of the original dataset and obtain some relatively balanced subsets. Each subset is mapped into kernel space by empirical kernel mapping, which can map samples from linearly inseparable spaces to linearly separable spaces. Finally, the multi‐view ensemble learning is performed by the designed loss of acquaintance between views. The effectiveness of the algorithm is verified on the three datasets of HF patient in the real world. The performance of the algorithm is better than other comparison algorithms. The datasets are collected from Shanghai Shuguang Hospital and involve 10 203 hospitalization records for 4682 HF patients between March 2009 and April 2016. The prediction information provided by the algorithm can assist the clinician in providing a more personalized treatment plan for patients with HF.
Computational simulations of the helical buckling behavior of blood vessels
Authors: Sharzehee Mohammadali , Fatemifar Fatemeh , Han Hai‐Chao
Published: November 2019

Tortuous vessels are often observed in vivo and could hinder or even disrupt blood flow to distal organs. Besides genetic and biological factors, the in vivo mechanical loading seems to play a role in the formation of tortuous vessels, but the mechanism for formation of helical vessel shape remains unclear. Accordingly, the aim of this study was to investigate the biomechanical loads that trigger the occurrence of helical buckling in blood vessels using finite element analysis. Porcine carotid arteries were modeled as thick‐walled cylindrical tubes using generalized Fung and Holzapfel‐Gasser‐Ogden constitutive models. Physiological loadings, including axial tension, lumen pressure, and axial torque, were applied. Simulations of various geometric dimensions, different constitutive models and at various levels of axial stretch ratios, lumen pressures, and twist angles were performed to identify the mechanical factors that determine the helical stability. Our results demonstrated that axial torsion can cause wringing (twist buckling) that leads to kinking or helical coiling and even looping and winding. The specific buckling patterns depend on the combination of lumen pressure, axial torque, axial tension, and the dimensions of the vessels. This study elucidates the mechanism of how blood vessels buckle under various mechanical loads and how complex mechanical loads yield helical buckling.
Quantization noise upconversion effects in mixer‐first direct delta‐sigma receivers
Authors: Ul Haq Faizan , Englund Mikko , Östman Kim B. , Stadius Kari , Kosunen Marko , Koli Kimmo , Ryynänen Jussi
Published: November 2019

In this paper, we investigate the application of the direct ΔΣ receiver (DDSR) concept in a mixer‐first architecture. Specifically, we analyze the degrading effects of quantization noise (Qn) upconversion on DDSR sensitivity, which is a major concern in mixer‐first DDSR architecture. We demonstrate that with the chosen approach, the mixer‐first architecture is suitable for the DDSR despite the potential challenges arising from Qn upconversion. A systematic modeling and understanding of Qn upconversion effects is presented, which lead to simple design guidelines. The results demonstrate that a first‐order low‐pass Qn filtering is sufficient in most cases for mixer‐first DDSR implementations. Based on analytical results, we design a transistor‐level mixer‐first DDSR by merging the functionality of N‐path capacitors both as channel select and Qn filters. Simulations performed in a 28‐nm complementary metal‐oxideŰsemiconductor (CMOS) process show a mere 1.5‐dB degradation from maximum signal‐to‐noise and distortion ratio (SNDR) for the worst‐case scenarios arising from Qn upconversion effects, validating the chosen approach.
Secrecy sum rate optimization in MISO nonorthogonal multiple access systems with orthogonal space‐time block coding
Authors: Yan Jianfei , Li Quanzhong , Zhang Qi , Yang Liang , Qin Jiayin
Published: November 2019

In this paper, we investigate the secrecy sum rate optimization problem for a multiple‐input single‐output (MISO) nonorthogonal multiple access (NOMA) system with orthogonal space‐time block codes (OSTBC). This system consists of a transmitter, two users, and a potential eavesdropper. The transmitter sends information by orthogonal space‐time block codes. The transmitter's precoder and the power allocation scheme are designed to maximize achievable secrecy sum rate subject to the power constraint at the transmitter and the minimum transmission rate requirement of the weak user. We consider two cases of the eavesdropper's channel condition to obtain positive secrecy sum rate. The first case is the eavesdropper's equivalent channel is the weakest, and the other is the eavesdropper's equivalent channel between the strong user and weak user. For the former case, we employ the constrained concave convex procedure (CCCP)‐based iterative algorithm with one‐dimensional search. While for the latter, we adopt the method of alternating optimization (AO) between precoder and power allocation. We solve a semidefinite programming to optimize the precoder and drive a closed‐form expression of power allocation. The simulation results obtained by our method demonstrate the superiority of our proposed scheme.
The risk of higenamine adverse analytical findings following oral administration of plumula nelumbinis capsules
Authors: Yan Kuan , Wang Xinzhai , Wang Zhanliang , Wang Yunfei , Luan Zhaoqian , Gao Xi , Wang Ruiqi
Published: November 2019

Higenamine is a β2‐agonist that has been included in the Prohibited List of the World Anti‐Doping Agency (WADA) since 2017. Meanwhile, it exists in plumula nelumbinis, a part of the lotus seed, and is commonly used as an ingredient in cuisines, herbal medicines, and nutritional supplements in China and other countries in East Asia. Therefore, an evaluation of the risk of an adverse analytical finding (AAF) of higenamine caused by plumula nelumbinis products is necessary in doping control. In this study, 14 volunteers took plumula nelumbinis capsules orally (0.34 g/caplet, 6 caplets/day, 7 days), and another 11 volunteers ingested higenamine tablets (three 5 mg tablets/day for 7 days). Urine samples were collected over a period of 14 days. All urine samples were subjected to quantitative dilute‐and‐shoot analysis using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS). The analytical results showed that urinary higenamine concentrations exceeded the WADA reporting limit (10 ng/mL) during the drug period in most sample groups. The maximum higenamine concentration observed in the plumula nelumbinis capsule group was 500 ng/mL. Based on confidence interval theory, appropriate data were used to establish mathematical models. The models reflected that the higenamine concentration in urine can exceed the WADA reporting limit with a high probability after taking plumula nelumbinis capsules. In conclusion, oral administration of plumula nelumbinis capsules showed a high risk of an AAF due to higenamine.
Combining environmental DNA and species distribution modeling to evaluate reintroduction success of a freshwater fish
Authors: Riaz Maria , Kuemmerlen Mathias , Wittwer Claudia , Cocchiararo Berardino , Khaliq Imran , Pfenninger Markus , Nowak Carsten
Published: November 2019

Active species reintroduction is an important conservation tool when aiming for the restoration of biological communities and ecosystems. The effective monitoring of reintroduction success is a crucial factor in this process. Here, we used a combination of environmental DNA (eDNA) techniques and species distribution models (SDMs) to evaluate the success of recent reintroductions of the freshwater fish Alburnoides bipunctatus in central Germany. We built SDMs without and with eDNA presence data to locate further suitable reintroduction sites and potentially overlooked populations of the species. We successfully detected eDNA of A. bipunctatus at all reintroduction sites, as well as several adjacent sites mostly in downstream direction, which supports the success of reintroduction efforts. eDNA‐based species detection considerably improved SDMs for A. bipunctatus, which allowed to identify species presence in previously unknown localities. Our results confirm the usefulness of eDNA techniques as standard tool to monitor reintroduced fish populations. We propose that combining eDNA with SDMs is a highly effective approach for long‐term monitoring of reintroduction success in aquatic species.