bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analogue Computation Converter for Nonhomogeneous Second-Order Linear Ordinary Differential Equation
Authors: Popa Gabriel Nicolae , Diniș Corina Maria
Published: August 2024

Among many other applications, electronic converters can be used with sensors with analogue outputs (DC voltage). This article presents an analogue computation converter with two DC voltages at the inputs (one input changes the frequency of the output signal, another input changes the amplitude of the output signal) that provide a periodic sinusoidal signal (with variable frequency and amplitude) at the output. On the basis of the analogue computation converter is a nonhomogeneous second-order linear ordinary differential equation which is solved analogically. The analogue computation converter consists of analogue multipliers and operational amplifiers, composed of seven function circuits: two analogue multiplication circuits, two analogue addition circuits, one non-inverting amplifier, and two integration circuits (with RC time constants). At the output of an oscillator is a sinusoidal signal which depends on the DC voltages applied on two inputs (0 ÷ 10 V): at one input, a DC voltage is applied to linearly change the sinusoidal frequency output (up to tens of kHz, according to two time constants), and at the other input, a DC voltage is applied to linearly change the amplitude of the oscillator output signal (up to 10 V). It can be used with sensors which have a DC output voltage and must be converted to a sine wave signal with variable frequency and amplitude with the aim of transmitting information over longer distances through wires. This article presents the detailed theory of the functioning, simulations, and experiments of the analogue computation converter.
Advances in Geopolymer Composites: From Synthesis to Sustainable Applications
Authors: Pilehvar Shima , Baltazar Luís G.
Published: August 2024

The increasing demand for sustainable construction materials has brought significant attention to geopolymers as a viable alternative to traditional Portland cement [...]
Oncologic and Functional Outcomes of Salvage Robot-Assisted Radical Prostatectomy: Report of the First 10 Cases
Authors: Oshina Takahiro , Yamada Yuta , Fujimura Tetsuya , Taguchi Satoru , Akiyama Yoshiyuki , Kamei Jun , Kaneko Tomoyuki , Kawai Taketo , Obinata Daisuke , Yamada Daisuke , Fukuhara Hiroshi , Nakagawa Tohru , Takahashi Satoru , Kume Haruki
Published: August 2024

Background: Salvage robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (sRARP) after PSA failure in patients who underwent initial radiotherapy or focal therapy has rarely been reported in Japan. We aimed to report the oncologic and functional outcomes of the first 10 cases of sRARP. Methods: Ten patients underwent sRARP after failing to respond to initial radiotherapy or focal therapy. Initial definitive treatment included volumetric modulated arc therapy, intensity-modulated radio therapy, stereotactic body radiotherapy, heavy-ion radiotherapy, low-dose-rate brachytherapy, and high-intensity focused ultrasound. We retrospectively investigated 10 cases on oncologic and functional outcomes of sRARP. Results: The median PSA level at sRARP, amount of blood loss, and console time were 2.17 ng/mL, 100 mL, and 136 min, respectively. Positive surgical margins were found in half of the cases. Median follow-up was 1.1 years. There were no 30-day major complications. No patients had erections after sRARP. Urinary continence and biochemical recurrence (BCR) rate were 40% and 30% at 1 year after sRARP, respectively. Conclusions: Salvage RARP may be a feasible option after PSA failure in patients who underwent radiotherapy or focal therapy as initial treatment, showing acceptable BCR rate.
Higher Accuracy of Arthroscopy Compared to MRI in the Diagnosis of Chondral Lesions in Acute Ankle Fractures: A Prospective Study
Authors: Darwich Ali , Nörenberg Dominik , Adam Julia , Hetjens Svetlana , Bdeir Mohamad , Schilder Andreas , Thier Steffen , Gravius Sascha , Jawhar Ahmed
Published: August 2024

Even after successful surgery for acute ankle fractures, many patients continue having complaints. A possible explanation is the presence of concomitant chondral lesions. The aim of this study is to investigate the accuracy of MRI compared to that of arthroscopy in the assessment of chondral lesions in acute ankle fractures. In this prospective single-center study, patients presenting with acute ankle fractures over a period of three years were identified. A preoperative MRI was performed within a maximum of 10 days after trauma. During surgery, ankle arthroscopy was also performed. The International Cartilage Repair Society (ICRS) cartilage lesion classification was used to grade the detected chondral lesions. To localize the chondral lesions, the talar dome was divided into eight zones and the tibial/fibular articular surfaces into three zones. In total, 65 patients (28 females) with a mean age of 41.1 ± 15 years were included. In the MRI scans, 70 chondral lesions were detected (69.2% of patients) affecting mostly the tibial plafond (30%) and mostly graded as ICRS 3. The mean lesion area measured was 20.8 mm2. In the arthroscopy, 85 chondral lesions were detected (70.8% of patients) affecting mostly the medial surface of the talar dome (25.9%) and mostly graded ICRS 3. The mean lesion area measured was 43.4 mm2. The highest agreement between the two methods was observed in the size estimation of the chondral lesions. The present study shows the reduced accuracy of MRI when compared to arthroscopy in the assessment of traumatic chondral lesions in the setting of acute ankle fractures especially regarding lesion size. MRI remains an essential instrument in the evaluation of such lesions; however, surgeons should take this discrepancy into consideration, particularly the underestimation of chondral lesions’ size in the preoperative planning of surgical treatment and operative technique.
Evaluation of Open-Source Ciliary Analysis Software in Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia: A Comparative Assessment
Authors: Demetriou Zachary J. , Muñiz-Hernández José , Rosario-Ortiz Gabriel , Quiñones Frances M. , Gonzalez-Diaz Gabriel , Ramos-Benitez Marcos J. , Mosquera Ricardo A. , De Jesús-Rojas Wilfredo
Published: August 2024

Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia (PCD) is a rare genetic disorder characterized by alterations in motile cilia function. The diagnosis of PCD is challenging due to the lack of standardized methods in clinical practice. High-speed video microscopy analysis (HSVA) directly evaluates ciliary beat frequency (CBF) in PCD. Recently, open-source ciliary analysis software applications have shown promise in measuring CBF accurately. However, there is limited knowledge about the performance of different software applications, creating a gap in understanding their comparative effectiveness in measuring CBF in PCD. We compared two open-source software applications, CiliarMove (v219) and Cilialyzer (v1.2.1-b3098cb), against the manual count method. We used high-speed videos of nasal ciliary brush samples from PCD RSPH4A-positive (PCD (RSPH4A)) patients and healthy controls. All three methods showed lower median CBF values for patients with PCD (RSPH4A) than in healthy controls. CiliarMove and Cilialyzer identified lower CBF in patients with PCD (RSPH4A), similarly to the manual count. Cilialyzer, CiliarMove, and manual count methods demonstrated statistical significance (p-value < 0.0001) in the difference of median CBF values between patients with PCD (RSPH4A) and healthy controls. Correlation coefficients between the manual count values against both software methods demonstrated positive linear relationships. These findings support the utility of open-source software-based analysis tools. Further studies are needed to validate these findings with other genetic variants and identify the optimal software for accurate CBF measurement in patients with PCD.
Genetic and Phenotypic Spectrum of KMT2D Variants in Taiwanese Case Series of Kabuki Syndrome
Authors: Lee Chung-Lin , Chuang Chih-Kuang , Chen Ming-Ren , Lin Ju-Li , Chiu Huei-Ching , Chang Ya-Hui , Tu Yuan-Rong , Lo Yun-Ting , Lin Hsiang-Yu , Lin Shuan-Pei
Published: August 2024

Kabuki syndrome (KS) is a rare genetic disorder characterized by distinct facial features, intellectual disability, and multiple congenital anomalies. We conducted a comprehensive analysis of the genetic and phenotypic spectrum of KS in a Taiwanese patient group of 23 patients. KMT2D variants were found in 22 individuals, with missense (26.1%), nonsense (21.7%), and frameshift (17.4%) variants being the most prevalent. One patient had a KMT2D variant of uncertain significance. The most common clinical characteristics included distinct facial features (100%), intellectual disability (100%), developmental delay (95.7%), speech delay (78.3%), hypotonia (69.6%), congenital heart abnormalities (69.6%), and recurrent infections (65.2%). Other abnormalities included hearing loss (39.1%), seizures (26.1%), cleft palate (26.1%), and renal anomalies (21.7%). This study broadens the mutational and phenotypic spectrum of KS in the Taiwanese population, highlighting the importance of comprehensive genetic testing and multidisciplinary clinical evaluations for diagnosis and treatment.
The Incidence of Clostridioides difficile Infection in the Post-COVID-19 Era in a Hospital in Northern Greece
Authors: Terzaki Maria , Kouroupis Dimitrios , Zarras Charalampos , Molyvas Dimitrios , Michailidou Chrysi , Pateinakis Panagiotis , Mpani Konstantina , Soukiouroglou Prodromos , Paida Eleftheria , Simoulidou Elisavet , Chatzimichailidou Sofia , Petidis Konstantinos , Pyrpasopoulou Athina
Published: August 2024

Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) has evolved to be the most significant cause of healthcare-associated diarrhoea and one of the leading representatives of healthcare-associated infections, with a high associated mortality. The aim of this retrospective study was to record the incidence rates and the epidemiological and clinical features of CDI in a large tertiary hospital of northern Greece in the years 2022-2023. All patients with CDI-compatible symptomatology and a positive CDI diagnostic test (GDH—glutamate dehydrogenase and toxin-positive FIA—Fluorescent Immuno-chromatography—SD Biosensor, and/or film array) were included (104 from a total of 4560 admitted patients). Their demographic, laboratory, and clinical data were recorded and analysed. The incidence of CDI in admitted patients was found to be higher than previous reports in the geographical area, reaching 54.6/10,000 patient days and following a rising trend over the course of the study. Thirty-day mortality was high (39.4%), potentially related to new emerging hypervirulent C. difficile strains. In view of the high prevalence of multidrug-resistant organisms in the region, and the significant mortality associated with this infection, these findings particularly point to the need for the implementation of organized surveillance and infection prevention protocols.
Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices Associated with the Selection of Sweetened Ultra-Processed Foods and Their Importance in Oral Health
Authors: Angarita-Díaz María del Pilar , Colmenares-Pedraza Johao Alexander , Agudelo-Sanchez Valentina , Mora-Quila Juliana Alejandra , Rincón-Mejia Laura Sofia
Published: August 2024

Background: Reading nutritional labelling helps consumers select healthier food, thereby benefitting their oral health. The purpose of this study was to describe the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAPs) of parents and carers of children and preteens, associated with reading nutritional labelling, selecting sweetened ultra-processed foods, and their impact on oral health. Materials and Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study in which a validated questionnaire was administered to 298 parents and caregivers of children aged 1–12 years from different districts in Villavicencio, Colombia. Participants’ scores, based on the number of correct answers, were used to classify their level of KAP as low, medium, or high. In addition, the frequency of responses, the KAP levels, and the median scores were analysed. Finally, associations were determined using the chi-square test. Results: Most participants reached a medium level in terms of knowledge (41.6%) and attitudes (49.3%) and a low level in terms of practices (43.3%). An association was found between participants’ level of KAPs and their socioeconomic and educational level (p < 0.05). Conclusions: The study findings reveal inadequate KAPs associated with nutritional labelling, adequate food selection, and the importance of oral health.
Sample Entropy Computation on Signals with Missing Values
Authors: Manis George , Platakis Dimitrios , Sassi Roberto
Published: August 2024

Sample entropy embeds time series into m-dimensional spaces and estimates entropy based on the distances between points in these spaces. However, when samples can be considered as missing or invalid, defining distance in the embedding space becomes problematic. Preprocessing techniques, such as deletion or interpolation, can be employed as a solution, producing time series without missing or invalid values. While deletion ignores missing values, interpolation replaces them using approximations based on neighboring points. This paper proposes a novel approach for the computation of sample entropy when values are considered as missing or invalid. The proposed algorithm accommodates points in the m-dimensional space and handles them there. A theoretical and experimental comparison of the proposed algorithm with deletion and interpolation demonstrates several advantages over these other two approaches. Notably, the deviation of the expected sample entropy value for the proposed methodology consistently proves to be lowest one.
Precise Error Performance of BPSK Modulated Coherent Terahertz Wireless LOS Links with Pointing Errors
Authors: Niu Mingbo , Ji Ruihang , Wang Hucheng , Liu Huan
Published: August 2024

One of the key advantages of terahertz (THz) communication is its potential for energy efficiency, making it an attractive option for green communication systems. Coherent THz transmission technology has recently been explored in the literature. However, there exist few error performance results for such a wireless link employing coherent THz technology. In this paper, we explore a comprehensive terrestrial channel model designed for wireless line-of-sight communication using THz frequencies. The performance of coherent THz links is analyzed, and it is found to be notably affected by two significant factors, atmospheric turbulence and pointing errors. These could occur between the terahertz transmitter and receiver in terrestrial links. The exact and asymptotic solutions are derived for bit error rate and interrupt probability for binary phase-shift keying coherent THz systems, respectively, over log-normal and Gamma–Gamma turbulent channels. The asymptotic outage probability analysis is also performed. It is shown that the presented results offer a precise estimation of coherent THz transmission performance and its link budget.
The Role of Renewable Energy Policy and R&D in Renewables Diffusion
Authors: Zapata Sebastian , Uriona-Maldonado Mauricio , Herrera Milton M.
Published: August 2024

This paper explores how investments in research and development (R&D) and government policies impact the growth of renewable energy in Brazil, Chile, and Colombia up to 2040. The study presents four scenarios to understand how different levels of R&D investment and the presence or absence of supportive policies affect the spread of renewable technologies such as solar and wind energy. The scenarios range from an optimistic one with high R&D funding and strong policy support to a worst-case scenario with low R&D efforts and weak policies. The findings emphasize the importance of solid government backing and strategic R&D investments in promoting renewable energy and increasing the number of green patents. On the other hand, scenarios with limited policy support and R&D funding show much slower growth, highlighting the challenges posed by economic constraints and tough market conditions. The study shows that strong renewable energy policies could boost renewable energy adoption by 100% to 200%. Overall, this research adds to the discussion on sustainable energy policies and provides useful insights for policymakers and stakeholders to develop strategies that maximize the potential of renewable energy in the region.
Optimizing Edge Detection Efficiency with a Grünwald–Letnikov Fractional Network
Authors: Elgezouli Diaa Eldin , Alzahrani Abdulrahman B. M.
Published: August 2024

Edge detection is an essential image processing act that is crucial for many computer vision applications such as object detection, image segmentation, face recognition, text recognition, medical imaging, and autonomous vehicles. Deep learning is the most advanced and widely used tool of them all. In this paper, we present a novel deep learning model and use image datasets to test it. Our model uses a fractional calculus tool, which could enhance gradient approaches’ performances. Specifically, we approximate the fractional-order derivative-order neural network (GLFNet) using a Grünwald–Letnikov fractional definition. First, the original dataset is subjected to a Grünwald–Letnikov fractional order. After that, the CNN model is updated with the new dataset, concluding the standard CNN procedure. The training rate, the improvement in the F-measure for identifying the effective edge while maintaining the CNN model’s memory consumption, and the values of the loss errors between the prediction and training processes were all tested using the MNIST dataset. Our experiments show that GLFNet considerably enhances edge detection. GLFNet outperformed CNN with an average loss error ratio of 15.40, suggesting fewer loss mistakes. The F1-measure ratio of 0.81 indicates that GLFNet can compete with CNN in terms of precision and recall. The training time for GLFNet was lowered by an average ratio of 1.14 when compared to CNN, while inference time was faster with a ratio of 1.14, indicating increased efficiency. These findings demonstrate the efficacy of introducing Grünwald–Letnikov fractional convolution into deep learning models, resulting in more precise and reliable edge detection while preserving comparable memory utilization.
Digital Twins Verification and Validation Approach through the Quintuple Helix Conceptual Framework
Authors: Perisic Ana , Perisic Branko
Published: August 2024

The concept of digital twins has been in the field for a long time, constantly challenging the specification, modeling, design, implementation, and exploitation of complex cyber–physical systems. Despite the various foundations, standards, and platforms in systems engineering, there are ongoing challenges with verification and validation methodology. This study aims to establish a generic framework that addresses the various aspects of digital twinning. The multifaceted nature of the problem requires raising the abstraction level in both the real (actual) and virtual domains, effective dissemination of information resources, and a design inspired by verification and validation. The proposed framework combines the quintuple helix model with the problem and operational domains of a real (actual) twin, the solution and implementation domains of a virtual twin, and the execution domain as the bridge that links them. Verification and validation dimensions follow the meta object facility abstraction layers (instance, model, meta-model, and meta-meta-model) mapping over five helices. Embedding the complexity reduction mechanisms in the proposed framework builds a suite for extendible and verifiable digital twinning in simulation and real-time scenarios. The application of main conceptual framework mechanisms in a real-world example study aids the verification of this research’s intentions. The validation is a matter of further research endeavors.
Key SDG7 Factors Shaping the Future of Clean Coal Technologies: Analysis of Trends and Prospects in Poland
Authors: Rybak Aurelia , Rybak Aleksandra , Joostberens Jarosław , Kolev Spas D.
Published: August 2024

This article presents the results of an analysis aimed at verifying the relationship between the implementation of SDG Goal 7 and the use of clean coal technologies in Poland. Clean coal technologies in the United Nations plans will constitute a crucial element of the strategy for sustainable development in the energy context. They are intended to be one of the tools for building an energy system based on renewable energy sources, constituting a bridge that enables the transition of Poland’s energy system from coal to renewable energy sources. To identify whether this relationship exists, the Autoregressive Moving Average with Exogenous Input (ARMAX) model was used. The structure of the model, its correctness, and its accuracy were confirmed using information criteria; statistical tests such as Dickey-Fuller, Doornik-Hansen, Durbin-Watson, and Breusch-Pagan; and measures of prediction accuracy such as MAPE, MAE, and RMSE. The explanatory variables were the Objective 7 indicators adopted by Eurostat. Before being introduced to the ARMAX model, they were standardized using the Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) indicator. The analysis made it possible to indicate which of the explanatory variables has the greatest impact on the development of clean coal technologies in Poland, to determine a synthetic CAGR measure for all the explanatory variables, and to compare the results obtained with the indicator determined by the United Nations.
Opportunities and Challenges of Geothermal Energy: A Comparative Analysis of Three European Cases—Belgium, Iceland, and Italy
Authors: Meirbekova Rauan , Bonciani Dario , Olafsson Dagur Ingi , Korucan Aysun , Derin-Güre Pinar , Harcouët-Menou Virginie , Bero Wilfried
Published: August 2024

Geothermal energy is a unique energy source in the energy policy mix that would help the clean energy transition and energy independence, supporting the energy needs in heating and electricity. Although there have been studies on the opportunities and challenges of renewable energy, this paper is the first paper that concentrates on geothermal energy for three distinct countries, Italy, Belgium, and Iceland, for the first time. Using semi-structured interviews that will cover the stakeholders representing the quadruple helix (academia, citizens, policymakers, and industry), this paper aims to find the unique and common opportunities and barriers the geothermal sector has. Shared challenges include financial barriers, regulatory complexities, environmental issues, and the need for improvement in the social acceptability of geothermal energy. Despite these challenges, geothermal energy, a promising energy source for clean transition, could create opportunities like improved household welfare through combined uses in district heating and electricity and have the potential to generate employment opportunities.
Micro/Nanoparticle Characteristics and Flow in Porous Media: A Review towards Enhanced Oil Recovery
Authors: Lao Junming , Cheng Haoran , Wang Yuhe , Song Hongqing
Published: August 2024

Micro/nanoparticles have emerged as pivotal agents in enhancing oil recovery (EOR), offering novel approaches to optimize the extraction processes in complex reservoirs. This review comprehensively examines the utilization of these particles, focusing on their unique material and structural characteristics that facilitate significant modifications in flow dynamics within porous media. These particles effectively reduce interfacial tension, modify wettability, and improve sweep efficiency, thereby enhancing oil recovery efficacy. Through a synthesis of current research spanning field-scale experiments, core flood studies, and micro-model investigations, this paper highlights the integration of micro/nanoparticles in practical EOR applications. Despite their proven potential, challenges such as scalability, environmental concerns, and economic feasibility persist, requiring ongoing advancements in particle engineering and simulation technologies. This review aims to provide a thorough understanding of the current landscape and future prospects of micro/nanoparticles in EOR, underlining the need for innovation and interdisciplinary collaboration to overcome existing hurdles and fully exploit these technologies in the oil and gas industry.
How Much Progress Have We Made towards Decarbonization? Policy Implications Based on the Demand for Electric Cars in Poland
Authors: Olejarz Aleksandra Alicja , Kędzior-Laskowska Małgorzata
Published: August 2024

The growing demand for personal mobility is leading to an increase in vehicle use, which is in turn contributing to higher carbon emissions. It is widely acknowledged that emission-free electric vehicles (EVs) will play a pivotal role in the decarbonization process, particularly in the decarbonization of transport systems. The objective of this paper was to present the trends in demand for electric vehicles (EVs) in Poland, together with the identification of market shocks and an assessment of the programs supporting electromobility. The number of imported and domestically purchased new and used electric vehicle (BEV) registrations was analyzed using the TRAMO-SEATS and ARIMA-X-12 seasonal adjustment methods. The rise in sales of electric vehicles in Poland was driven by the government’s electromobility support programs and alterations to tax legislation, with no discernible seasonal impact. The number of registrations in Poland increased significantly, exhibiting an upward trajectory. However, this growth is constrained by the inadequate number of charging stations, which are primarily powered by electricity derived from coal. Consequently, while the development of electromobility in Poland is evident, the decarbonization process remains a challenge.
Toward a Digital Twin of a Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Microcogenerator: Data-Driven Modelling
Authors: Testasecca Tancredi , Maniscalco Manfredi Picciotto , Brunaccini Giovanni , Airò Farulla Girolama , Ciulla Giuseppina , Beccali Marco , Ferraro Marco
Published: August 2024

Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC) could facilitate the green energy transition as they can produce high-temperature heat and electricity while emitting only water when supplied with hydrogen. Additionally, when operated with natural gas, these systems demonstrate higher thermoelectric efficiency compared to traditional microturbines or alternative engines. Within this context, although digitalisation has facilitated the acquisition of extensive data for precise modelling and optimal management of fuel cells, there remains a significant gap in developing digital twins that effectively achieve these objectives in real-world applications. Existing research predominantly focuses on the use of machine learning algorithms to predict the degradation of fuel cell components and to optimally design and theoretically operate these systems. In light of this, the presented study focuses on developing digital twin-oriented models that predict the efficiency of a commercial gas-fed solid oxide fuel cell under various operational conditions. This study uses data gathered from an experimental setup, which was employed to train various machine learning models, including artificial neural networks, random forests, and gradient boosting regressors. Preliminary findings demonstrate that the random forest model excels, achieving an R2 score exceeding 0.98 and a mean squared error of 0.14 in estimating electric efficiency. These outcomes could validate the potential of machine learning algorithms to support fuel cell integration into energy management systems capable of improving efficiency, pushing the transition towards sustainable energy solutions.
Forecasting Solar Photovoltaic Power Production: A Comprehensive Review and Innovative Data-Driven Modeling Framework
Authors: Al-Dahidi Sameer , Madhiarasan Manoharan , Al-Ghussain Loiy , Abubaker Ahmad M. , Ahmad Adnan Darwish , Alrbai Mohammad , Aghaei Mohammadreza , Alahmer Hussein , Alahmer Ali , Baraldi Piero , Zio Enrico
Published: August 2024

The intermittent and stochastic nature of Renewable Energy Sources (RESs) necessitates accurate power production prediction for effective scheduling and grid management. This paper presents a comprehensive review conducted with reference to a pioneering, comprehensive, and data-driven framework proposed for solar Photovoltaic (PV) power generation prediction. The systematic and integrating framework comprises three main phases carried out by seven main comprehensive modules for addressing numerous practical difficulties of the prediction task: phase I handles the aspects related to data acquisition (module 1) and manipulation (module 2) in preparation for the development of the prediction scheme; phase II tackles the aspects associated with the development of the prediction model (module 3) and the assessment of its accuracy (module 4), including the quantification of the uncertainty (module 5); and phase III evolves towards enhancing the prediction accuracy by incorporating aspects of context change detection (module 6) and incremental learning when new data become available (module 7). This framework adeptly addresses all facets of solar PV power production prediction, bridging existing gaps and offering a comprehensive solution to inherent challenges. By seamlessly integrating these elements, our approach stands as a robust and versatile tool for enhancing the precision of solar PV power prediction in real-world applications.
Influence of Main Flight Parameters on the Performance of Stand-Level Growing Stock Volume Inventories Using Budget Unmanned Aerial Vehicles
Authors: Lisańczuk Marek , Krok Grzegorz , Mitelsztedt Krzysztof , Bohonos Justyna
Published: August 2024

Low-altitude aerial photogrammetry can be an alternative source of forest inventory data and a practical tool for rapid forest attribute updates. The availability of low-cost unmanned aerial systems (UASs) and continuous technological advances in terms of their flight duration and automation capabilities makes these solutions interesting tools for supporting various forest management needs. However, any practical application requires a priori empirical validation and optimization steps, especially if it is to be used under different forest conditions. This study investigates the influence of the main flight parameters, i.e., ground sampling distance and photo overlap, on the performance of individual tree detection (ITD) stand-level forest inventories, based on photogrammetric data obtained from budget unmanned aerial systems. The investigated sites represented the most common forest conditions in the Polish lowlands. The results showed no direct influence of the investigated factors on growing stock volume predictions within the analyzed range, i.e., overlap from 80 × 80 to 90 × 90% and GSD from 2 to 6 cm. However, we found that the tree detection ratio had an influence on estimation errors, which ranged from 0.6 to 15.3%. The estimates were generally coherent across repeated flights and were not susceptible to the weather conditions encountered. The study demonstrates the suitability of the ITD method for small-area forest inventories using photogrammetric UAV data, as well as its potential optimization for larger-scale surveys.
Wildland Firefighter Estimated Ground Evacuation Time Modeling to Support Risk-Informed Decision-Making
Authors: Campbell Michael J. , Gannon Benjamin M. , Rahman Obaidur , Stratton Richard D. , Dennison Philip E.
Published: August 2024

Wildland firefighters often work in remote settings with multiple hazards that can cause life-threatening injuries. Prompt access to medical care is key to reducing injury consequences. For the last decade, a spatial model of wildland firefighter estimated ground evacuation time (GET) has been used when developing operational response strategies in the contiguous United States (CONUS). This paper describes our updated and improved GET model and the resulting decision support spatial data representing the estimated time to evacuate to a hospital from anywhere within the CONUS using ground transportation only. The new GET model leverages updated input datasets and has improved off-road travel time estimation methods that incorporate the latest science on how terrain slope influences pedestrian travel rates. It also accounts for a novel set of landscape variables not previously considered, including minor roads and trails, streams, woody debris, cliffs, and an improved handling of shrub cover. When compared to a set of recent safety incidents, the reported evacuation times were correlated with the model predictions. The spatial patterns of GET from the new model are similar to the old product; however, we found that, on average, the new version of GET yields slightly faster evacuation times, but with regional variation in this trend.
Effects of Different Non-Saccharomyces Strains in Simultaneous and Sequential Co-Fermentations with Saccharomyces cerevisiae on the Quality Characteristics of Kiwi Wine
Authors: Zhang Jie , Li Pengyan , Zhang Peiyao , Wang Tieru , Sun Jianrui , Wang Libo , Bai Zhouya , Yuan Jiangfeng , Zhao Lina , Gu Shaobin
Published: August 2024

With the increasing awareness of health, more people have shown a preference for low-alcohol beverages. Seeking various methods to improve the quality of kiwi wine is now a major research interest in the wine industry. In this study, kiwi wine was fermented by Saccharomyces cerevisiae and different non-Saccharomyces strains (Torulaspora delbrueckii, Kluyveromyces thermotolerans, Pichia fermentans) in three methods (pure fermentation, simultaneous, and sequential co-fermentation). The physicochemical characteristics, color parameters, phenolic profiles, total phenolic content (TPC), antioxidant activities, organic acids, and taste sense of the different wines were evaluated to determine the effects of different yeasts and fermentation methods on the quality of the kiwi wine. Results indicated that co-fermentation reduced the contents of alcohol while enhancing the lightness of the kiwi wine. The TPC of sequential co-fermentation with K. thermotolerans/S. cerevisiae was significantly higher than that of their simultaneous co-fermentation. Compared to K. thermotolerans/S. cerevisiae, the antioxidant activities were increased by co-fermentation of T. delbrueckii/S. cerevisiae and P. fermentans/S. cerevisiae. Principal component analysis showed that kiwi wines fermented by different yeasts and inoculation methods could be separated and grouped. Correlation analysis presented positive correlations of phenolic composition, antioxidant activities, and color intensity. This study provided theoretical guidance for co-fermentation of non-Saccharomyces/S. cerevisiae and accelerated the industrialization process of kiwi wine.
Novel Carboxymethyl Cellulose/Gelatin-Based Film Incorporated with Zein-Stabilized Lemon Essential Oil Pickering Emulsion for the Preservation of Cherries
Authors: He Kaiwen , Sheng Wenyang , Yang Li , Yang Yicheng , Tang Tingting , Wang Chenzhi , Jiang Guangyang , Tian Yongqiang
Published: August 2024

In this study, a zein-stabilized lemon essential oil Pickering emulsion (ZLPE) was incorporated into a carboxymethyl cellulose/gelatin (CMC/GL) composite film to develop a bio-based packaging material with bioactive properties. The average droplet size of the ZLPE was measured at 3.62 ± 0.08 μm, with a zeta potential of −31.33 ± 0.32 mV, highlighting its excellent stability. The image results of confocal laser microscopy and scanning electron microscopy validated the uniform distribution of ZLPE in the film. The incorporation of ZLPE reduced the water solubility of films by 45.90% and decreased its water vapor permeability by 22.61%, thereby enhancing its hydrophobicity. Additionally, the ZLPE-loaded film improved mechanical properties, enhanced UV-blocking capabilities, and increased thermal stability. The introduction of ZLPE led to the antioxidant activity of the CMC/GL film increasing by six times the original level and endowed it with outstanding antibacterial properties. As a result, cherries packaged with the ZLPE film demonstrated superior preservation performance and extended shelf life in the preservation experiment, exhibiting the film’s potential as a food packaging material.
The Role of Total Quality Management in the Pharmaceutical, Food, and Nutritional Supplement Sectors
Authors: Vassos Vassilios , Voltezou Agathi , Stavropoulos Agathangelos , Stavropoulou Elisavet , Stefanis Christos , Tsigalou Christina , Nena Evangelia , Chatzaki Ekaterini , Constantinidis Theodoros C. , Bezirtzoglou Eugenia
Published: August 2024

Total Quality Management (TQM) is a holistic approach widely adopted across industries to ensure quality control and management. This document examines TQM practices in the pharmaceutical, food, and nutritional supplement sectors, highlighting their vital role in public health, sustainability, and consumer acceptance. By analyzing the literature and case studies, the article demonstrates how TQM significantly ensures product safety and quality. Real-world examples and empirical evidence showcase the benefits of TQM methodologies, from rigorous quality control to efficient management processes, helping to meet and exceed regulatory standards. The article also underscores TQM’s critical role in addressing sustainability challenges, integrating eco-friendly practices, reducing waste, and optimizing resources. Furthermore, TQM fosters consumer trust and loyalty through transparency, continuous improvement, and responsiveness to feedback, building lasting business–customer relationships. In conclusion, this manuscript illuminates TQM’s multifaceted impact on the pharmaceutical, food, and nutritional supplement sectors, presenting it as a pivotal framework for safeguarding public health, promoting sustainability, and enhancing consumer acceptance in a dynamic global landscape.
On Hybrid and Non-Hybrid Discrete Fractional Difference Inclusion Problems for the Elastic Beam Equation
Authors: Alili Faycal , Amara Abdelkader , Zennir Khaled , Radwan Taha
Published: August 2024

The results in this paper are related to the existence of solutions to hybrid and non-hybrid discrete fractional three-point boundary value inclusion problems for the elastic beam equation. The development of our results is attributed to the use of the Caputo and difference operators. The existence results for the non-hybrid discrete fractional inclusion problem are established by using fixed point theory for multi-valued upper semi-continuous maps, and the case of the hybrid discrete fractional inclusion problem is treated by Dhage’s fixed point theory. Additionally, we present two examples to illustrate our main results.
Numerical Simulation of Non-Darcy Flow in Naturally Fractured Tight Gas Reservoirs for Enhanced Gas Recovery
Authors: Debossam João Gabriel Souza , de Freitas Mayksoel Medeiros , de Souza Grazione , Amaral Souto Helio Pedro , Pires Adolfo Puime
Published: August 2024

In this work, we analyze non-Darcy two-component single-phase isothermal flow in naturally fractured tight gas reservoirs. The model is applied in a scenario of enhanced gas recovery (EGR) with the possibility of carbon dioxide storage. The properties of the gases are obtained via the Peng–Robinson equation of state. The finite volume method is used to solve the governing partial differential equations. This process leads to two subsystems of algebraic equations, which, after linearization and use of an operator splitting method, are solved by the conjugate gradient (CG) and biconjugate gradient stabilized (BiCGSTAB) methods for determining the pressure and fraction molar, respectively. We include inertial effects using the Barree and Conway model and gas slippage via a more recent model than Klinkenberg’s, and we use a simplified model for the effects of effective stress. We also utilize a mesh refinement technique to represent the discrete fractures. Finally, several simulations show the influence of inertial, slippage and stress effects on production in fractured tight gas reservoirs.
Evolution Process of Fault Silica Aerogel under High Temperatures: A Molecular Dynamics Approach
Authors: Yue Wenping , Luo Tao , Liu Kaide
Published: August 2024

Building fire will seriously threaten human safety. Silica aerogel with low thermal conductivity and thermal stability as fire-retardant material has been widely used in building fireproof structures. However, the natural fragility of silica aerogel will limit its application. In this work, the effects of faults on the thermal stability of silica aerogel are studied by molecular dynamics simulation with large simulation time (20 ns). Additionally, the atomic model of silica aerogel with random faults is built by a straining structure (tensile strains are 10%, 20%, 30%, and 40%). It is found that when the tensile strain is less than 20%, the silica backbone can remain stable. The effects of faults on the thermal stability can be neglected. The silica backbone thermally vibrates during the heating process. However, when the tensile strain is over 30%, it is observed that the faults will enhance the silica backbone merging. Silica aerogel can be stable under 800 K. It is believed that the results of this study will pave the way for the development of fireproof materials.
Windows of Empathy: Creating Mediated Spaces for Education and Dialogue
Authors: Hirji Faiza
Published: August 2024

In this article, I address the inadequacies in how we currently conceptualize spaces for dialogue and debate around issues involving race and religion. Even in a climate where many organizations now acknowledge equity, diversity, and inclusion requirements, there are still numerous challenges, particularly for racialized individuals, including those who may experience overlapping forms of oppression. Drawing on concepts such as intersectionality, muted group theory, and the public sphere, I suggest that many existing channels and approaches are especially inadequate for academics and activists who are racialized or belong to religions that are marginalized in Western societies, such as Islam. These avenues do not allow for an articulation of the complex, sometimes contradictory realities lived by these individuals, where choosing a seemingly progressive side consistently and publicly may mean disowning or disadvantaging one’s own family or community members. Ultimately, I argue both that we must reconsider the potential for education and dialogue enabled by seemingly one-way platforms, such as film and television, and that the platform is less important than the approach we bring to using it, since increasingly we must prioritize windows for empathy within any mediated spaces we employ for learning or dialogue.
Fine Mapping and Candidate Gene Analysis of Two Major Quantitative Trait Loci, qFW2.1 and qFW3.1, Controlling Fruit Weight in Pepper (Capsicum annuum)
Authors: Guan Congcong , Jin Yuan , Zhang Zhenghai , Cao Yacong , Wu Huamao , Zhou Daiyuan , Shao Wenqi , Yang Chuangchuang , Ban Guoliang , Ma Lingling , Wen Xin , Chen Lei , Cheng Shanhan , Deng Qin , Yu Hailong , Wang Lihao
Published: August 2024

Fruit weight is an important agronomic trait in pepper production and is closely related to yield. At present, many quantitative trait loci (QTL) related to fruit weight have been found in pepper; however, the genes affecting fruit weight remain unknown. We analyzed the fruit weight-related quantitative traits in an intraspecific Capsicum annuum cross between the cultivated species blocky-type pepper, cv. Qiemen, and the bird pepper accession, “129−1” (Capsicum annuum var. glatriusculum), which was the wild progenitor of C. annuum. Using the QTL-seq combined with the linkage-based QTL mapping approach, QTL detection was performed; and two major effects of QTL related to fruit weight, qFW2.1 and qFW3.1, were identified on chromosomes 2 and 3. The qFW2.1 maximum explained 12.28% of the phenotypic variance observed in two F2 generations, with the maximum LOD value of 11.02, respectively; meanwhile, the qFW3.1 maximum explained 15.50% of the observed phenotypic variance in the two F2 generations, with the maximum LOD value of 11.36, respectively. qFW2.1 was narrowed down to the 1.22 Mb region using homozygous recombinant screening from BC2S2 and BC2S3 populations, while qFW3.1 was narrowed down to the 4.61Mb region. According to the transcriptome results, a total of 47 and 86 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the candidate regions of qFW2.1 and qFW3.1 were identified. Further, 19 genes were selected for a qRT-PCR analysis based on sequence difference combined with the gene annotation. Finally, Capana02g002938 and Capana02g003021 are the most likely candidate genes for qFW2.1, and Capana03g000903 may be a candidate gene for qFW3.1. Taken together, our results identified and fine-mapped two major QTL for fruit weight in pepper that will facilitate marker-assistant breeding for the manipulation of yield in pepper.
Foot Anthropometry Measures in Relation to Treatment in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Longitudinal Study
Authors: Gamez-Guijarro Maria , Reinoso-Cobo Andres , Perez-Galan Maria Jose , Ortega-Avila Ana Belen , Ramos-Petersen Laura , Torrontegui-Duarte Marcelino , Gijon-Nogueron Gabriel , Lopezosa-Reca Eva
Published: August 2024

Approximately 90% of patients with arthritis exhibit forefoot deformities, including deformities within the metatarsophalangeal and proximal interphalangeal joints. Current pharmacological treatment with Disease Modifying Antirheumatic Drugs (DMARDs) consists of two groups: synthetic drugs (sDMARDs) and biological drugs (bDMARDs). The objective of our study was to investigate foot anthropometry changes in RA patients based on the administered treatment over a five-year period Method: A longitudinal analysis was conducted with RA patients who were grouped based on their pharmacological treatment. The pharmacological treatment groups were categorized into (I) methotrexate (MTX), (II) MTX plus biological treatments (including all variables), (III) biological treatment alone, and (IV) a miscellaneous group comprising patients with diverse treatments, including patients for whom various drugs had failed or who had not achieved remission with pharmacological treatment. For the anthropometric measurements, a foot measurement platform validated by McPoil et al. was used. Post hoc analyses with Bonferroni correction were performed to identify pairwise differences between the treatment groups while controlling for Type I errors due to multiple comparisons. Results: In the period from 2018 to 2023, significant changes were observed in several foot measurements. For instance, the MTX group showed a statistically significant increase in left heel width (p = 0.026). The MTX group experienced a slight increase in left foot length, while the Biologics and MTX + Bio groups exhibited more substantial increases in both maximum medial arch height and midfoot width. Conclusions: Different RA treatments can have a significant impact on foot structure over a five-year period, showing notable changes in heel width and overall foot morphology. Combined treatments with MTX and biologics potentially offer better management of RA.