bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Excitation of Back‐Arc Tsunamis From Megathrust Ruptures: Theory and Application to the Sea of Japan
Authors: Salaree Amir , Huang Yihe
Published: February 2023

Large megathrust ruptures can create notable tsunamis in tectonic back‐arc basins as was documented during the 2011 Tohoku earthquake in the Sea of Japan. We present a physical analysis of the excitation of back‐arc tsunamis by extending the fore‐arc deformation field from the earthquake centroid into the back‐arc basin and identify fault dip as the main geometrical contributor to the propagation of these events. As such, our theoretical model along with a large number of numerical simulations reveal that the dominant period of back‐arc tsunamis is different from that of the fore‐arc waves and thus they are a new class of tsunamis. Through numerical simulations and analysis of data from the 2011 Tohoku event, we show that a combination of near‐ to intermediate‐field horizontal and vertical deformation as well as transient surface waves is necessary to reconstruct the back‐arc propagation. We find that while seismic surface waves can affect coastal tsunami amplitudes in the back‐arc, their effect comes second to that of the horizontal component of deformation as manifested via bathymetric gradient. We then simulate back‐arc tsunamis and the hazard in the Sea of Japan from several potential future earthquake scenarios in the Japan Trench and Nankai Trough. Our results show that the coseismic excitation of back‐arc tsunamis can result in considerable waves close to 1 m in the Sea of Japan, near the Niigata Prefecture from megathrust earthquakes.
Bacterial Control of Marine Humic‐Like Substance Production, Composition, Size, and Transfer to Sea Spray Aerosols During Phytoplankton Blooms
Authors: Santander Mitchell V. , Malfatti Francesca , Pendergraft Matthew A. , Morris Clare , Kimble Ke'La , Mitts Brock A. , Wang Xiaofei , Mayer Kathryn J. , Sauer Jon , Lee Christopher , Prather Kimberly A.
Published: February 2023

Humic‐like substances (HULIS) are present in every environmental reservoir, including the ocean and the atmosphere. Ocean‐derived HULIS can be transferred to the atmosphere in the form of sea spray aerosols (SSA). Little information exists on the factors controlling this transfer process or how HULIS alter SSA physicochemical properties, cloud‐forming ability, and atmospheric reactions. Here, using excitation‐emission matrix spectroscopy and isolated ocean‐atmosphere systems, we investigated how ocean biology affects HULIS sea‐to‐air transfer during multiple phytoplankton bloom experiments. We posit that bacterial enzymatic activity on phytoplankton‐derived organic matter control HULIS size, production, and chemical composition. We found that changes in fluorescence indices and shifts in the HULIS fluorescence emission spectra reveal changes in HULIS chemical composition induced by bacteria. High bacterial enzymatic activity on the proteinaceous, lipid, and phosphorus‐rich organic pools enhanced HULIS production and its transfer to SSA. Seawater HULIS consistently accumulated across all experiments. The majority of HULIS was smaller than 0.2 μm or 50 kDa. Our results suggest that enzymatic‐processing bacteria transform the composition of HULIS in seawater, degrading dissolved organic matter into diverse chemical structures that are more efficiently transferred to the atmosphere in SSA.
Perturbed iron biology in the prefrontal cortex of people with schizophrenia
Authors: Lotan Amit , Luza Sandra , Opazo Carlos M. , Ayton Scott , Lane Darius J. R. , Mancuso Serafino , Pereira Avril , Sundram Suresh , Weickert Cynthia Shannon , Bousman Chad , Pantelis Christos , Everall Ian P. , Bush Ashley I.
Published: February 2023

Despite loss of grey matter volume and emergence of distinct cognitive deficits in young adults diagnosed with schizophrenia, current treatments for schizophrenia do not target disruptions in late maturational reshaping of the prefrontal cortex. Iron, the most abundant transition metal in the brain, is essential to brain development and function, but in excess, it can impair major neurotransmission systems and lead to lipid peroxidation, neuroinflammation and accelerated aging. However, analysis of cortical iron biology in schizophrenia has not been reported in modern literature. Using a combination of inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry and western blots, we quantified iron and its major-storage protein, ferritin, in post-mortem prefrontal cortex specimens obtained from three independent, well-characterised brain tissue resources. Compared to matched controls (n = 85), among schizophrenia cases (n = 86) we found elevated tissue iron, unlikely to be confounded by demographic and lifestyle variables, by duration, dose and type of antipsychotic medications used or by copper and zinc levels. We further observed a loss of physiologic age-dependent iron accumulation among people with schizophrenia, in that the iron level among cases was already high in young adulthood. Ferritin, which stores iron in a redox-inactive form, was paradoxically decreased in individuals with the disorder. Such iron-ferritin uncoupling could alter free, chemically reactive, tissue iron in key reasoning and planning areas of the young-adult schizophrenia cortex. Using a prediction model based on iron and ferritin, our data provide a pathophysiologic link between perturbed cortical iron biology and schizophrenia and indicate that achievement of optimal cortical iron homeostasis could offer a new therapeutic target.
Long-term response to autologous anti-CD19 chimeric antigen receptor T cells in relapsed or refractory B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Elsallab Magdi , Ellithi Moataz , Hempel Susanne , Abdel-Azim Hisham , Abou-el-Enein Mohamed
Published: February 2023

Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) T cell therapy is an effective treatment approach for patients with relapsed or refractory acute lymphoblastic leukemia (R/R B-ALL). However, identifying the factors that influence long-term response to this therapy is necessary to optimize patient selection and treatment allocation. We conducted a literature review and meta-analysis to investigate the use of autologous anti-CD19 CAR T cell therapy in both pediatric and adult patients with R/R B-ALL, using several databases including MEDLINE, Cochrane Central, ScienceDirect, Web of Science, Journals@Ovid, Embase, and clinicaltrial.gov. A total of 38 reports were analyzed, which enrolled 2134 patients. Time-to-event endpoints were estimated using reconstructed patient survival data. The study explored key modulators of response, including costimulatory domains, disease status, age, and lymphodepletion. The median overall survival and event-free survival were 36.2 months [95% CI 28.9, NR] and 13.3 months [95% CI 12.2, 17], respectively. The overall response rate was 76% [95% CI 71, 81]. The use of 4-1BB costimulatory domain in the CAR construct, administration of low-dose cyclophosphamide lymphodepletion, and pretreatment morphologic remission were associated with better overall survival, with hazard ratios of 0.72, 0.56, and 0.66, respectively. Morphologic remission and 4-1BB domain were associated with better event-free survival, with hazard ratios of 0.66 and 0.72, respectively. These findings suggest that CAR T cell therapy may offer long-term benefits to patients with R/R B-ALL. However, further research is needed to optimize patient selection and better understand the impact of various factors on the outcome of CAR T cell therapy.
The regulation loop of MARVELD1 interacting with PARP1 in DNA damage response maintains genome stability and promotes therapy resistance of cancer cells
Authors: Sun Haoxiu , Liu Chao , Han Fang , Lin Xiaoyu , Cao Liangyu , Liu Chenxing , Ji Qiuyu , Cui Jinjin , Yao Yuanfei , Wang Bojun , liao Yuanyu , Nie Huan , Zhang Yanqiao , Li Yu
Published: February 2023

The DNA damage response (DDR) plays crucial roles in cancer prevention and therapy. Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1) mediates multiple signal transduction in the DDR as a master regulator. Uncovering the regulatory factors of PARP1 contributes to a more comprehensive view of tumorigenesis and treatment strategies. Here, we reveal that MARVELD1 acts as a mediator of DDR to perform early events and maintain genome stability. Mechanistically, PARP1 PARylates MARVELD1 at D102, D118 and D130, and in turn, MARVELD1 stabilizes PARP1 by enhancing NAA50-mediated acetylation, thus forming a positive feedback loop. MARVELD1 knockout mice and their embryo fibroblasts exhibit genomic instability and shorter half-life of PARP1. Moreover, MARVELD1 partnering with PARP1 facilitates resistance to genotoxic drugs and disrupts PARP inhibitor (PARPi) effect in PDX model of colorectal cancer (CRC). Overall, our results underline the link between MARVELD1 and PARP1 in therapeutic resistance based on DDR and provide new insights for clinical tumor therapy of PARPi.
Outcomes of a computer-based cognitive training (CoRe) in early phases of cognitive decline: a data-driven cluster analysis
Authors: Bernini Sara , Gerbasi Alessia , Panzarasa Silvia , Quaglini Silvana , Ramusino Matteo Cotta , Costa Alfredo , Avenali Micol , Tassorelli Cristina , Vecchi Tomaso , Bottiroli Sara
Published: February 2023

The present study aimed to identify clusters of cognitive profiles as well as to explore the effects of these clusters on demographic/individual characteristics and on improvements after a computer-based cognitive training (CCT) in early cognitive impairment. Fifty-seven subjects underwent to an adaptive CCT for 3 weeks (4 individual face-to-face sessions/week of 45 min) and were evaluated at baseline (T0), post-intervention (T1), and after 6 (T2) and 12 (T3) months. Clusters of cognitive profiles were explored with k-means analysis. The analysis revealed two clusters, which were composed by 27 and 30 patients characterized by lower (Cluster 1) and higher (Cluster 2) cognitive functioning. At T1, cognitive performance improved in both groups, but Cluster 1 gained more benefits in global cognitive functioning than Cluster 2. However, at T3, Cluster 2 remained stable in its clinical condition, whereas Cluster 1 showed a pronounced worsening. In conclusion, Cluster 1 profile was associated with a more marked but also short-lasting responsiveness to CCT, whereas patients fitting with Cluster 2 characteristics seemed to obtain more CCT benefits in terms of stability or even delay of cognitive/functional decline. These findings may have relevant implications in informing the timing and modality of delivery of CCT.
Retrospective analysis of drug resistance characteristics and infection related risk factors of multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs) isolated from the orthopedics department of a tertiary hospital
Authors: Yang Xiaowei , Guo Runsheng , Zhang Bi , Xie Banglin , Zhou Song , Zhang Bin , Lai Qi
Published: February 2023

Patients infected with multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs) are known to exhibit longer hospital stays and a significantly poorer prognosis. We performed a 6-year retrospective analysis of nosocomial infections reported in the orthopedics department of our institution, to gain valuable insights into antibiotic sensitivity and infectious characteristics of MDROs, in order to deduce effective measures to control the occurrence of multidrug-resistant infections in clinical practice. A retrospective, single center surveillance study (January 2012–December 2017) was performed on the nosocomial infections recorded in the department of orthopedics. A nosocomial infection is defined as one that develops when a patient is residing in a hospital but was not present at the time of admission. All relevant data, including basic patient information, cultivated bacterial strains, and antimicrobial resistance, was obtained from the hospital information system. A total of 1392 strains of pathogenic bacteria were isolated; 358 belonged to MDROs (detection rate = 25.7%). All the isolated strains of MDROs were mostly from secretions (52.2%). The number of cases infected with MDROs were 144 (40.2%) and 129 (36.0%) in the trauma and spinal wards, respectively. MRSA showed high resistance to β lactam antibiotics, but was sensitive to quinolone antibiotics, linezolid and cotrimoxazole. ESBL-positive strains showed more sensitivity to carbapenem antibiotics (resistance rate < 10%). MDR nonfermenters showed high resistance to most antibiotics. Logistic multivariate analysis revealed age, open injury, and central nervous system injury as independent risk factors for multidrug resistant infections. A high antibiotic resistance rate and an increasing prevalence of infections with MDROs was identified in the orthopedics department. Patients with open injury, central nervous system injury and those aged ≥ 60 years, were more prone to multidrug-resistant infections. Clinicians should pay more attention to such patients in order to actively prevent and control the occurrence of infections caused by MDROs.
Multidisciplinary approach to the study of large-format oil paintings
Authors: Calderón-Mesén P. , Jaikel-Víquez D. , Barrantes-Madrigal M. D. , Sánchez-Solís J. , Mena-Vega J. P. , Arguedas-Molina J. , Ureña-Alvarado K. , Maynard-Hernández G. , Santamaría-Montero L. , Cob-Delgado M. , Angulo-Pardo E. , Vallejo Felipe , Sandoval M. I. , Durán-Quesada A. M. , Redondo-Solano M. , Herrera-Sancho O. A.
Published: February 2023

Cultural heritage has become a keystone for comprehending our society, as it represents and reflects our origins, passions, beliefs and traditions. Furthermore, it provides fundamental information about specific temporary spaces, materials’ availability, technology, artist’s intention, and site weather conditions. Our aim was to develop a multidisciplinary approach with a main focus on investigating two Italian large-format paintings located in highly diverse environments such as the National Theater of Costa Rica. We monitored environmental conditions and quantified fungal aerial spores. Then, we determined regions of possible biodeterioration with the software MicroorganismPattern and used the software PigmentArrangement to elucidate the apparent colour of the paintings based on distribution and arrangement of the pigment crystals. Finally, we characterized eight genera of calcareous nannofossils found in the ground layers of the artwork. The former Men’s Canteen at the National Theater of Costa Rica presented a mean air temperature of 23.5 $$^{\circ }$$

∘

C, a relative humidity of 72.7% and a concentration of CO$$_{2}$$

2

of 570 ppm. The fungal aerial concentration was 1776 spores/m$$^{3}$$

3

. The software MicroorganismPattern identified 32 sampling regions, out of which 11 were positive for microbial contamination. The software PigmentArrangement determined that the blue crystals (ultramarine pigment) had the shortest distances between themselves (29 $$\upmu$$
μ
m). Finally, the nanofossils identified enabled us to restrict the age of the material to a biostratigraphic interval ranging from Coniacian to Maastricthian ages. By using a multidisciplinary approach we were able to explore the diptych, suggest a set of minimally invasive perspectives in tropical environments to be used worldwide and obtain key information about the artist’s artistic process, materials used along with better understand its state of conservation.
Nanocellulose reinforced lightweight composites produced from cotton waste via integrated nanofibrillation and compounding
Authors: Liang Dan , Liu Wangcheng , Zhong Tuhua , Liu Hang , Dhandapani Renuka , Li Hui , Wang Jinwu , Wolcott Michael
Published: February 2023

Cotton is a natural fiber containing more than 95% of cellulose. With worldwide cotton consumption continuously increasing, the amount of cotton waste generated is enormous. Most of the cotton waste ends up in landfill or incinerators, resulting in a huge waste of this excellent natural resource. In this project, cotton waste was recycled to produce polypropylene nanocomposites. Instead of using the traditional two-step nanofiber extraction and compounding technique, an integrated process was adopted to combine nanofibrillation and compounding into one step. Results showed that cotton fibers with a slight prefibrillation and hydrophobic surface modification were successfully fibrillated into tens to hundreds of nanometers in width during compounding. The nanofibers reinforced polypropylene composites exhibited significantly enhanced tensile and flexural strength and moduli. For instance, when 30% fibers from bleached white and indigo-dyed denim fabrics were introduced, the tensile moduli of the resultant composites reached 4.57 and 4.59 GPa, respectively, compared to 1.60 GPa, the modulus of neat PP. Meanwhile, denim fabrics had a remarkable reinforcing effect on the composites’ impact strength attributing to the hydrophobic indigo dyes that improved the interfacial bonding between cotton fibers and the matrix. The highest impact strength of denim reinforced composites was 4.96 kJ/m2 with 20% fiber loading; while the impact strength of neat polypropylene was 2.46 kJ/m2. The low water uptake of the composites further indicated the excellent adhesion at the filler/matrix interface. In general, a very promising processing technique to recycle cotton waste for high-value products was demonstrated.
Inactivation kinetics of 280 nm UV-LEDs against Mycobacterium abscessus in water
Authors: Song Jack Jia Xin , Oguma Kumiko , Takizawa Satoshi
Published: February 2023

Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are opportunistic premise plumbing pathogens (OPPPs) that cause a burdensome waterborne respiratory disease. Due to their resistance to chemical disinfectants and regrowth in biofilms in drinking water distribution systems, treatment can be better performed using small ultraviolet disinfection units at the point-of-use (POU), such as at a tap or showerhead. Ultraviolet light-emitting diodes (UV-LEDs) are well suited for such applications, but fluence-response data are not available for one of the most important NTM,Mycobacterium abscessus. In this study, a bench-scale 280 nm UV-LED apparatus was used to irradiateM. abscessusin a water matrix. The fluence-response profile was sigmoidal, exhibiting both shoulder and tailing phenomena. Simple linear regression and the Geeraerd’s inactivation kinetics model yieldedkvalues of 0.36 and 0.37 cm2/mJ, respectively, revealing thatM. abscessusis more resistant to UV thanPseudomonas aeruginosaandLegionella pneumophila, which suggests that NTM are among the most UV-resistant OPPPs. Results of this study suggest that 280 nm UV-LED irradiation can be an effective and practical option to inactivateM. abscessusat the POU. Disinfection units that can deliver a fluence of 10 mJ/cm2are expected to achieve nearly 2 log (99%) inactivation ofM. abscessus.
Modeling acute care utilization: practical implications for insomnia patients
Authors: Chekani Farid , Zhu Zitong , Khandker Rezaul Karim , Ai Jizhou , Meng Weilin , Holler Emma , Dexter Paul , Boustani Malaz , Ben Miled Zina
Published: February 2023

Machine learning models can help improve health care services. However, they need to be practical to gain wide-adoption. In this study, we investigate the practical utility of different data modalities and cohort segmentation strategies when designing models for emergency department (ED) and inpatient hospital (IH) visits. The data modalities include socio-demographics, diagnosis and medications. Segmentation compares a cohort of insomnia patients to a cohort of general non-insomnia patients under varying age and disease severity criteria. Transfer testing between the two cohorts is introduced to demonstrate that an insomnia-specific model is not necessary when predicting future ED visits, but may have merit when predicting IH visits especially for patients with an insomnia diagnosis. The results also indicate that using both diagnosis and medications as a source of data does not generally improve model performance and may increase its overhead. Based on these findings, the proposed evaluation methodologies are recommended to ascertain the utility of disease-specific models in addition to the traditional intra-cohort testing.
Water-in-salt electrolytes made saltier by Gemini ionic liquids for highly efficient Li-ion batteries
Authors: Tot Aleksandar , Zhang Leiting , Berg Erik J. , Svensson Per H. , Kloo Lars
Published: February 2023

The water-in-salt electrolytes have promoted aqueous Li-ion batteries to become one of the most promising candidates to overcome safety concerns/issues of traditional Li-ion batteries. A simple increase of Li-salt concentration in electrolytes can successfully expand the electrochemical stability window of aqueous electrolytes beyond 2 V. However, necessary stability improvements require an increase in complexity of the ternary electrolytes. Here, we have explored the effects of novel, Gemini-type ionic liquids (GILs) as a co-solvent systems in aqueous Li[TFSI] mixtures and investigated the transport properties of the resulting electrolytes, as well as their electrochemical performance. The devices containing pyrrolidinium-based GILs show superior cycling stability and promising specific capacity in the cells based on the commonly used electrode materials LTO (Li4Ti5O12) and LMO (LiMn2O4).
Effects of different remote ischemia perconditioning methods on cerebral infarct volume and neurological impairment in rats
Authors: Otsuka Shotaro , Itashiki Yuki , Tani Akira , Matsuoka Teruki , Takada Seiya , Matsuzaki Ryoma , Nakanishi Kazuki , Norimatsu Kosuke , Tachibe Yuta , Kitazato Riho , Nojima Nao , Kakimoto Shogo , Kikuchi Kiyoshi , Maruyama Ikuro , Sakakima Harutoshi
Published: February 2023

Remote ischemic perconditioning (RIPerC) is a novel neuroprotective method against cerebral infarction that has shown efficacy in animal studies but has not been consistently neuroprotective in clinical trials. We focused on the temporal regulation of ischemia–reperfusion by RIPerC to establish an optimal method for RIPerC. Rats were assigned to four groups: 10 min ischemia, 5 min reperfusion; 10 min ischemia, 10 min reperfusion; 5 min ischemia, 10 min reperfusion; and no RIPerC. RIPerC interventions were performed during ischemic stroke, which was induced by a 60-min left middle cerebral artery occlusion. Infarct volume, sensorimotor function, neurological deficits, and cellular expressions of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2), Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax), and caspase 3 were evaluated 48 h after the induction of ischemia. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick-end labeling (TUNEL) was also performed. RIPerC of 10 min ischemia/10 min reperfusion, and 5 min ischemia/10 min reperfusion decreased infarct volume, improved sensorimotor function, decreased Bax, caspase 3, and TUNEL-positive cells, and increased BDNF and Bcl-2 expressions. Our findings suggest RIPerC with a reperfusion time of approximately 10 min exerts its neuroprotective effects via an anti-apoptotic mechanism. This study provides important preliminary data to establish more effective RIPerC interventions.
Mannose-mediated nanodelivery of methotrexate to macrophages augments rheumatoid arthritis therapy
Authors: Yang Liang , Sha Yongjie , Wei Yuansong , Fang Hanghang , Jiang Jingjing , Yin Lichen , Zhong Zhiyuan , Meng Fenghua
Published: February 2023

Inflammation targeted delivery of methotrexate using mannose-installed polymersomes (Man-PMTX) can repolarize macrophages from M1 type to M2 type and mitigate proinflammatory cytokines, leading to effectively augmented rheumatoid arthritis therapy.
Metal–organic frameworks in photocatalytic Z-scheme heterojunctions: an emerging technology
Authors: Chatterjee Amrita , Wang Linyang , Van Der Voort Pascal
Published: February 2023

There is an urgent need for cleaner production processes for chemicals.
Developing NiMoO4-based multifunctional cathode for hybrid zinc battery
Authors: Jia Bin , Zhu Di , Zhou Shengyao , Luo Shanshan , Liu Zhaolin , Li Bing , Liu Ming
Published: February 2023

A multifunctional cathode for a high-performance hybrid zinc–nickel/zinc–air battery was constructed through sequential growth of NiMoO4 nanowires on nickel foam and coating of oxygen catalyst.
Regulating solvation and interface chemistry enables advanced aluminum-air batteries
Authors: Lv Chaonan , Zhang Yuxin , Li Yixin , Zhu Yuanxin , Kuang Jialin , Tang Yougen , Wang Haiyan
Published: February 2023

The self-corrosion of the aluminum anode was successfully inhibited by modulating solvation and interface chemistry.
Solvent-free hydroboration of alkenes and alkynes catalyzed by rhodium-ruthenium nanoparticles on carbon nanotubes
Authors: Nunes Mateus P. , Jawale Dhanaji V. , Delolo Fábio G. , Araujo Maria H. , Gravel Edmond , Doris Eric , da Silva Júnior Eufrânio N.
Published: February 2023

A heterogeneous catalyst consisting of bimetallic rhodium-ruthenium particles immobilized on carbon nanotubes was used in the hydroboration reaction and proved highly effective for a variety of alkenes and alkynes.
Structural stability, optical and thermoelectric properties of the layered RbSn2Br5 halide synthesized using mechanochemistry
Authors: Abia Carmen , López Carlos A. , Gainza Javier , Rodrigues João Elias F. S. , Fragoso Brenda , Ferrer Mateus M. , Nemes Norbert M. , Dura Oscar J. , Martínez José Luis , Fernández-Díaz María Teresa , Alonso José Antonio
Published: February 2023

In RbSn2Br5 halide, prepared by mechano-chemistry, the 5s2 lone electron pairs of Sn2+ were located from NPD and SXRD data. Among the thermoelectric properties, a huge Seebeck coefficient and an extremely low thermal conductivity are determined.
The role of entanglement in crystallization and melting of cyclic poly(ε-caprolactone)s
Authors: Zhu Liuyong , Li Jingqing , Li Hongfei , Liu Binyuan , Chen Jizhong , Jiang Shichun
Published: February 2023

Entanglement affects the long period L, lamellar thickness dc and the thickness of the amorphous region da of cyclic PCL.
Stable perovskite solar cells with 22% efficiency enabled by inhibiting migration/loss of iodide ions
Authors: Cai Qingrui , Yao Yao , Lu Yao , Wang Mingliang , Zhang Yanqiu , Song Dandan , Xu Zheng , Li Xiaodan , Wei Dong
Published: February 2023

Doping PEA into perovskites endows the perovskites with better morphology and crystallinity, inhibits the transition from I− to I2 and decreases the induced defects; thus, evidently the efficiency and stability of PSCs could be improved.
Coral-like Fe-doped MoO2/C heterostructures with rich oxygen vacancies for efficient electrocatalytic N2 reduction
Authors: He Zhifeng , Cui Xin , Lei Guangping , Liu Zeyi , Yang Xiaoyang , Liu Yifu , Wan Jiafeng , Ma Fangwei
Published: February 2023

Fe-doped MoO2/C heterostructured nanoparticles with rich oxygen vacancies (Vo) are designed and they exhibit highly efficient electrocatalytic activity for artificial N2 fixation.
Tuning the nuclearity of [Mo2O2S2]2+-based assemblies by playing with the degree of flexibility of bis-thiosemicarbazone ligands
Authors: Cebotari Diana , Calancea Sergiu , Marrot Jerôme , Guillot Régis , Falaise Clément , Guérineau Vincent , Touboul David , Haouas Mohamed , Gulea Aurelian , Floquet Sébastien
Published: February 2023

Two families of binuclear or tetranuclear [MoV2O2S2]2+-based thiosemicarbazone complexes are obtained by varying the rigidity/flexibility of bis-thiosemicarbazone ligands.
Metal-free cysteamine-functionalized graphene alleviates mutual interferences in heavy metal electrochemical detection
Authors: Yang Qiuyue , Nguyen Emily P. , Panáček David , Šedajová Veronika , Hrubý Vítězslav , Rosati Giulio , Silva Cecilia de Carvalho Castro , Bakandritsos Aristides , Otyepka Michal , Merkoçi Arben
Published: February 2023

A metal-free thiol-modified graphene derivative introduces a reusable approach to alleviate mutual interference in electrochemical heavy metal detection.
Efficient synthesis of diethyl oxalate from transesterification of dimethyl oxalate and ethanol using alkaline catalysts and kinetic studies of transesterification
Authors: Wang Qing , Wan Siyu , Xia Rui , Wang Yuxin , Wang Dan , Wen Jinbing , Xiong Xinyang , Zhou Jun , Shi Lei
Published: February 2023

A highly efficient catalyst for transesterification of dimethyl oxalate with ethanol was found, and it exhibited a TOF value of 274 032 h−1 at near room temperature.
Comparison of PIC and EDTA-coupled acetamidobenzoxazolone probes as a specific marker for a 18 kDa protein (TSPO)
Authors: kumari Neelam , Singh Priya , Singh Deepika , Mishra Akanksha , Kaul Ankur , Ojha Himanshu , Tiwari Anjani Kumar
Published: February 2023

2-(Bis(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)amino) acetic acid (PIC) and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) vehicle-based acetamidobenzoxazolone probes have been evaluated for the assessment of a 18 kDa translocator protein (TSPO).
Regulating the coordination environment of Fe/Co–N/S–C to enhance ORR and OER bifunctional performance
Authors: Cai Jian , Xu Yuan , Sun Yu , Zhao Hongbin , Ye Daixin , Tang Ya , Sun Congli , Liu Lijia , Zhang Jiujun
Published: February 2023

Fe/Co–N/Sx–C catalysts with a sulfur dopant are designed and successfully synthesized, and they show excellent ORR and OER bifunctional electrocatalytic performance both theoretically and experimentally.
Iron nitrate and 4-OH-TEMPO-cocatalyzed aerobic oxidation of isochromans
Authors: Zhang Qian , Zhang Jiabin , Qian Hui , Ma Shengming
Published: February 2023

An efficient strategy with Fe(NO3)3·9H2O and 4-OH-TEMPO as catalysts has been developed for the aerobic oxidation of isochromans to form related lactones under mild conditions.
Iron porphyrin-catalysed C(sp3)–H amination with alkyl azides for the synthesis of complex nitrogen-containing compounds
Authors: Fan Jianqiang , Wang Ye , Hu Xuefu , Liu Yungen , Che Chi-Ming
Published: February 2023

With the readily prepared iron porphyrin complex as a catalyst and starting with alkyl azides, a panel of nitrogen-containing skeletons representing the families of natural alkaloids and bioactive compounds could be prepared in good yields.
Post-synthesis of Sn-beta zeolite by aerosol method
Authors: Xiong Guang , Yang Huaxiang , Liu Liping , Liu Jiaxu
Published: February 2023

Sn-beta zeolites with different Sn contents can be prepared by an aerosol-assisted post-synthesis method.
Stabilization of copper nanoparticles onto the double Schiff-base-functionalized ZSM-5 for A3 coupling reaction catalysis aimed under mild conditions
Authors: Mohammadi Leila , Hosseinifard Mojtaba , Vaezi Mohammad Reza , Rostamnia Sadegh
Published: February 2023

In this research a highly efficient and heterogeneous catalyst of ZSM-5@APTMS@(E)-4-((pyridin-2-ylimino)methyl)benzaldehyde@Cu-NPs was synthesized for upgrading the A3 coupling reaction for the synthesis of propargylamines under mild conditions.
Photoinduced adsorption of oligonucleotides on polyvinyl chloride films containing malachite green derivative
Authors: Uda Ryoko M. , Nishimoto Noriko
Published: February 2023

UV irradiation triggers oligonucleotide adsorption on a film of malachite green derivative that can be photoionized to interact with oligonucleotide.
Controllable design of multi-metallic aerogels as efficient electrocatalysts for methanol fuel cells
Authors: Li Lanqing , Gao Wei , Ye Jianqi , Fan Haoxin , Wen Dan
Published: February 2023

A simple, general and steerable strategy to engineer nanotubular multi-component metallic aerogels is proposed. As-prepared PtNi nanotubular aerogels exhibited superb electrocatalytic properties towards both MOR and ORR for fuel cell applications.
An ultrastable large-area atomically flat 2D polymer dielectric for low-voltage flexible organic field-effect transistors
Authors: Wang Jiamin , Yuan Jiangyan , Li Bin , Wang Zhaofeng , Ma Chunli , Yang Shuyuan , Yao Jiarong , Ren Yiwen , Wu Xianshuo , Lei Shengbin , Yang Fangxu , Li Rongjin , Hu Wenping
Published: February 2023

Ultrastable centimeter-sized atomically flat 2D polymer thin films are produced by interfacial polymerization for flexible electronics.
Synergistic effects of the Rh–S bond and spatially separated dual cocatalysts on photocatalytic overall water splitting activity of ZnIn2S4 nanosheets under visible light irradiation
Authors: Jing Haitong , Li Huili , Yue Jianyong , Fan Shiyan , Yao Bo , Liu Shiyan , Fang Zebo , Wu Rong , Yang Linyu , Wei Shunhang
Published: February 2023

The Rh–S bond and space separation of cocatalysts promote the transfer of bulk carriers to the surface to achieve overall water splitting under visible light irradiation and inhibit self-corrosion.
Versatile halogenation via a CNHC^Csp3 palladacycle intermediate
Authors: Teng Qiaoqiao , Liu Ziwei , Song Haobin , Liu Jiayu , Zhao Yaru , Jiang Weihua , Huynh Han Vinh , Meng Qi
Published: February 2023

The strongly electron-donating CNHC^Csp3 allowed template-directed, versatile C-halogenation with X2.
On electrochemistry of metal–organic framework Zn2(EDTA)(H2O)
Authors: Starodubtseva Alena A. , Zhigalenok Yaroslav S. , Maldybaev Kairgali M. , Galeyeva Alina K. , Trussov Ivan A. , Kurbatov Andrey P.
Published: February 2023

Zn2(EDTA)(H2O) irreversibly decomposes in both neutral (sat. NaClO4) and alkali (NaOH) aqueous electrolytes with formation of various Zn complexes.
Impact of climate perturbations on seeds and seed quality for global agriculture
Authors: Bailly Christophe , Gomez Roldan Maria Victoria
Published: February 2023

In agriculture, seeds are the most basic and vital input on which croplands productivity depends. These implies a good starting material, good production lines and good storage options. High-quality seed lots must be free of pests and pathogens and contain a required degree of genetic purity. Seeds need also to be stored in good condition between harvest and later sowing, to insure later on the field a good plant density and higher crop yield. In general, these parameters are already widely accepted and considered in many countries where advanced technologies evaluate them. However, the more and more frequently devastating climate changes observed around the world has put seed quality under threat, and current seeds may not be adapted to hazardous and unpredictable conditions. Climate-related factors such as temperature and water availability directly affect seed development and later germination. For these reasons, investigating seed quality in response to climate changes is a step to propose new crop varieties and practices that will bring solutions for our future.
Astrocyte heterogeneity and interactions with local neural circuits
Authors: Holt Matthew G.
Published: February 2023

Astrocytes are ubiquitous within the central nervous system (CNS). These cells possess many individual processes which extend out into the neuropil, where they interact with a variety of other cell types, including neurons at synapses. Astrocytes are now known to be active players in all aspects of the synaptic life cycle, including synapse formation and elimination, synapse maturation, maintenance of synaptic homeostasis and modulation of synaptic transmission. Traditionally, astrocytes have been studied as a homogeneous group of cells. However, recent studies have uncovered a surprising degree of heterogeneity in their development and function, suggesting that astrocytes may be matched to neurons to support local circuits. Hence, a better understanding of astrocyte heterogeneity and its implications are needed to understand brain function.
Surface-sampling mass spectrometry to study proteins and protein complexes
Authors: Wong Kei F. Carver , Greatorex Rebecca E. , Gidman Charlotte E. , Rahman Sidrah , Griffiths Rian L.
Published: February 2023

This review aims to summarise the current capabilities of surface mass spectrometry (MS) approaches that offer intact protein analysis, and that of non-covalent complexes. Protein analysis is largely achieved via matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation (MALDI), which is in itself a surface analysis approach or solvent-based electrospray ionisation (ESI). Several surface sampling approaches have been developed based on ESI, and those that have been used for intact protein analysis will be discussed below. The extent of protein coverage, top-down elucidation, and probing of protein structure for native proteins and non-covalent complexes will be discussed for each approach. Strategies for improving protein analysis, ranging from sample preparation, and sampling methods to instrument modifications and the inclusion of ion mobility separation in the workflow will also be discussed. The relative benefits and drawbacks of each approach will be summarised, providing an overview of current capabilities.
Stuttering-Like Dysfluencies as a Consequence of Long COVID-19
Authors: Furlanis Giovanni , Busan Pierpaolo , Formaggio Emanuela , Menichelli Alina , Lunardelli Alberta , Ajcevic Milos , Pesavento Valentina , Manganotti Paolo
Published: February 2023

Purpose:

We present two patients who developed neurogenic stuttering after long COVID-19 related to SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Methods and Results:

Both patients experienced both physical (e.g., fatigue) and cognitive difficulties, which led to impaired function of attention, lexical retrieval, and memory consolidation. Both patients had new-onset stuttering-like speech dysfluencies: Blocks and repetitions were especially evident at the initial part of words and sentences, sometimes accompanied by effortful and associated movements (e.g., facial grimaces and oro-facial movements). Neuropsychological evaluations confirmed the presence of difficulties in cognitive tasks, while neurophysiological evaluations (i.e., electroencephalography) suggested the presence of “slowed” patterns of brain activity. Neurogenic stuttering and cognitive difficulties were evident for 4–5 months after negativization of SARS-CoV-2 nasopharyngeal swab, with gradual improvement and near-to-complete recovery.

Conclusions:

It is now evident that SARS-CoV-2 infection may significantly involve the central nervous system, also resulting in severe and long-term consequences, even if the precise mechanisms are still unknown. In the present report, long COVID-19 resulted in neurogenic stuttering, as the likely consequence of a “slowed” metabolism of (pre)frontal and sensorimotor brain regions (as suggested by the present and previous clinical evidence). As a consequence, the pathophysiological mechanisms related to the appearance of neurogenic stuttering have been hypothesized, which help to better understand the broader and possible neurological consequences of COVID-19.
Bye-Bye Bunny: Place and Manner Sequences in Children's C
1
VC
2
V-Shaped Words
Authors: Davis Barbara L. , Aoyama Katsura , Cassidy Rebekka
Published: February 2023

Purpose:

Place and manner of articulation in American English–learning children's salient consonant–vowel–consonant–vowel (C
1
VC
2
V) target words (e.g.,
baby
,
bunny
, and
cookie
) were compared with their actual productions of these words. We hypothesized that target words with repeated place and/or manner characteristics in C
1
VC
2
V consonant sequences would be matched in children's actual productions more frequently than target words with variegated place and manner sequences. This hypothesis was based on a proposal that children use available production system capacities to produce salient word forms derived from perceptual input on those word forms.

Method:

Place and manner sequences were analyzed in 2,092 tokens of C
1
VC
2
V target words produced by 18 typically developing children in the single-word period. All data were from these children's spontaneous functional speech in a familiar speaking context. Both target word forms and actual child productions of those targets were analyzed.

Results:

Results indicated that C
1
VC
2
V word target sequences predominantly consisted of repetitions in both place and manner of articulation (e.g., labial–labial, stop–stop). Targets with repetitions of consonant sequences were matched more frequently than targets with variegated sequences for both place and manner (e.g., labial–coronal, stop–nasal) in these children's actual productions. Results also indicated that C
1
VC
2
V target words beginning with a labial consonant (e.g.,
baby
,
bunny
, and
piggy
) were matched in children's actual productions more frequently than words with coronal or dorsal consonant onsets (e.g.,
daddy
and
cookie
).

Discussion:

In C
1
VC
2
V word forms, occurring in early output, children's actual productions matched their target word sequences when the words consisted of repeated sequences in both place and manner. These results suggest that salient target words with repeated sequences may help children support increases in their repertoire of meaningful vocalizations during the transition from babbling to meaningful speech.
Core Values in the Traditional Provision of Hearing Health Care
Authors: Menon Katherine N. , Hoon-Starr Michelle , Shilton Katie , Hoover Eric C.
Published: February 2023

Purpose:

Untreated hearing loss is a significant public health issue affecting the quality of life of millions of Americans. Barriers to treatment invite novel and innovation solutions, but as these solutions create new treatment delivery models, they also may—purposefully or accidentally—challenge the values of the field.

Method:

Value-sensitive design methodology is used in this study to identify the values in current hearing health care service delivery. We performed qualitative content analysis of questionnaires, clinical practice guidelines, and professional ethics documents that represent the intended and enacted values in audiology.

Results:

The result is a comprehensive list of values that can be used as a structured codebook for systematic textual analysis of materials representing current best practices in the provision of hearing health care services. A secondary result is an analysis of the relative importance of values in audiology, inferred from the frequency of references to each value.

Conclusions:

Subjective benefit, professional duties, and self-efficacy were the core values identified in the current provision of audiologic care, and these values should be central to considerations for new hearing health care models and technologies.
HOLISMOKES
Authors: Schuldt S. , Cañameras R. , Shu Y. , Suyu S. H. , Taubenberger S. , Meinhardt T. , Leal-Taixé L.
Published: February 2023

Modeling of strong gravitational lenses is a necessity for further applications in astrophysics and cosmology. With the large number of detections in current and upcoming surveys, such as theRubinLegacy Survey of Space and Time (LSST), it is pertinent to investigate automated and fast analysis techniques beyond the traditional and time-consuming Markov chain Monte Carlo sampling methods. Building upon our (simple) convolutional neural network (CNN), we present here another CNN, specifically a residual neural network (ResNet), that predicts the five mass parameters of a singular isothermal ellipsoid (SIE) profile (lens centerxandy, ellipticityexandey, Einstein radiusθE) and the external shear (γext, 1,γext, 2) from ground-based imaging data. In contrast to our previous CNN, this ResNet further predicts the 1σuncertainty for each parameter. To train our network, we use our improved pipeline to simulate lens images using real images of galaxies from the Hyper Suprime-Cam Survey (HSC) and from theHubbleUltra Deep Field as lens galaxies and background sources, respectively. We find very good recoveries overall for the SIE parameters, especially for the lens center in comparison to our previous CNN, while significant differences remain in predicting the external shear. From our multiple tests, it appears that most likely the low ground-based image resolution is the limiting factor in predicting the external shear. Given the run time of milli-seconds per system, our network is perfectly suited to quickly predict the next appearing image and time delays of lensed transients. Therefore, we use the network-predicted mass model to estimate these quantities and compare to those values obtained from our simulations. Unfortunately, the achieved precision allows only a first-order estimate of time delays on real lens systems and requires further refinement through follow-up modeling. Nonetheless, our ResNet is able to predict the SIE and shear parameter values in fractions of a second on a single CPU, meaning that we are able to efficiently process the huge amount of galaxy-scale lenses expected in the near future.
NIRwave: A wave-turbulence-driven solar wind model constrained by PSP observations
Authors: Schleich S. , Boro Saikia S. , Ziegler U. , Güdel M. , Bartel M.
Published: February 2023

Aims. We generate a model description of the solar wind based on an explicit wave-turbulence-driven heating mechanism, and constrain our model with observational data.

Methods. We included an explicit coronal heating source term in the general 3D magnetohydrodynamic code NIRVANA to simulate the properties of the solar wind. The adapted heating mechanism is based on the interaction and subsequent dissipation of counter-propagating Alfvén waves in the solar corona, accounting for a turbulent heating rate Qp. The solar magnetic field is assumed to be an axisymmetric dipole with a field strength of 1 G. Our model results are validated against observational data taken by the Parker Solar Probe (PSP).

Results. Our NIRwave solar wind model reconstructs the bimodal structure of the solar wind with slow and fast wind speeds of 410 km s−1 and 650 km s−1 respectively. The global mass-loss rate of our solar wind model is 2.6 × 10−14 M⊙ yr−1. Despite implementing simplified conditions to represent the solar magnetic field, the solar wind parameters characterising our steady-state solution are in reasonable agreement with previously established results and empirical constraints. The number density from our wind solution is in good agreement with the derived empirical constraints, with larger deviations for the radial velocity and temperature. In a comparison to a polytropic wind model generated with NIRVANA, we find that our NIRwave model is in better agreement with the observational constraints that we derive.
The rise of smart healthcare in smart cities: A Bibliometric Literature Review and avenue for a research agenda
Authors: Gagliardi Anna Roberta , Albergo Francesco
Published: February 2023

The purpose of this paper is to review and critique the literature on the role of smart cities within the healthcare context, providing an overview of the state of research and outlining a future research agenda. Initially, six hundred and seventeen newspaper articles were extracted from Scopus, and their content was analysed for the article selection process by the two researchers in parallel. Finally, forty-six articles dealing with smart cities in healthcare and published in various academic journals have been analysed through content analysis and bibliometric analysis. The results show that the literature on this research topic is somewhat scarce and dominated by unrelated research. Content analysis provides the emergence of three main strands of research: 1) Smart cities as a tool for health security; 2) Smart cities as sources of opportunities for data communication in healthcare; 3) Smart cities for the creation of knowledge and skills in healthcare. The paper presents the first attempt to provide a comprehensive, structured literature review of the role of smart cities in the healthcare environment after the outbreak of the Covid-19 pandemic. Despite the growing literature on smart cities, this research area contextualised the healthcare context is still fragmented and under-theorised. More systematic and holistic studies are needed, considering the technological, economic, and social aspects of the importance of smart cities in the healthcare system.