bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Relationship Between Obligation to Complete Work and Defect Liability in Software Development Contracts
Authors:   Legal Research Institute of Chonnam National University, Ok Chi-Wang
Published: September 2023

Today, as the use of computers, communication, and automation equipment increases, the demand for development of software used in hardware is also increasing, and software development contracts are also frequently signed. In the case of software development contracts, the development requirements or the details of what developers have to do at the time of signing the contract are often not specifically determined in the contract, resulting in a lot of disputes regarding “Whether the work has been completed” or defect liability. Therefore, in this study I examined the content of an obligation to complete work and defect liability and the relationship between them so that it can be used as a reference in resolving or preventing wasteful disputes at software development sites.
In the case of software development contracts, as it is difficult to expect the delivery of a complete product without any defects, the criteria for determining the completion of work is somewhat eased compared to ordinary contracts for work, so the ordering party cannot deny “work completion” due to minor defects. Therefore, if there is a minor defect in the software delivered by the developer after completing the development of it, the ordering party must acknowledge the completion of the work and pay compensation corresponding to the completion of the work, and the ordering party can only claim defect liability for such minor defect against the developer. In other words, the wider the scope of defects to be resolved by the defect liability, the narrower the scope of defects recognized as the incompletion of work, so it can be said that the obligation to complete work and the defect liability have a complementary relationship. In addition, even if the work as a whole is incomplete, in certain cases, remuneration may be paid for the completed part.
If this research results can be referenced for the software development contract practice, consumptive disputes arising from unjust denial of the completion of work due to minor defects can be prevented, and disputes that have occurred can be reasonably adjusted. However, in order to more actively protect small software development companies, it is necessary to clarify the obligation of the contracting party through legislation. Therefore, in Chapter 4 of this study, I made legislative suggestions.
Joint Tortfeasor's Right of Contribution in Overlapping Liability Insurance: A Critical Review of Supreme Court Decision of 2009. 12. 24., 2009Da42819
Authors:   Legal Research Institute of Chonnam National University, Jeong Byungseok
Published: September 2023

As indicated in the ruling at issue, the contribution right arising from the underlying torts and the right of contribution arising out of overlapping insurance coverage coexist and can be exercised simultaneously, in competition, or successively. However, once one contribution right is satisfied, the other is proportionately diminished. The decision at issue, clarifying these legal principles and providing a specific method for calculating the amount of subrogation claims, is significant as a case of first impression on these issues.
This paper’s main arguments can be summarized as follows: 1. In liability insurance, it is crucial to consider concepts such as the insurable interests, the sum insured, and the amount of insurance coverage. Especially when unlimited liability insurance is one of the overlapping insurances, or when both are unlimited in liability, determining the amount to be paid respectively by the insurers, which serves as the basis for apportioning compensation liability among insurers, becomes unfeasible.
2. It is questionable whether the direct contribution rights among insurers are acquired from the subrogation of the right of insured or from the direct claim rights of the victim. The author maintains that this contribution right among the insurers arises from the internal relations among multiple obligors liable to the victim. This right therefore is sui generis.
3. The exercise of contribution rights among insurers involves separating the portion of liability attributable to the fault of the other party, and claiming the share of the overlapping insurance portion remaining after the first contribution. However, the result of the calculation remains the same, whether the proportion of overlapping insurance is applied first to the entire compensation liability or not.
4. The right of contribution concerning the torts and the right concerning overlapping insurances are independent and separate causes of action, however, they should be treated and managed in litigation process without any contradiction.
Achromobacter Xylosoxidans/Denitrificans İnfeksiyonları: Literatürün Gözden Geçirilmesi
Authors: DİNDAR DEMİRAY Emine Kübra , ALKAN Sevil
Published: September 2023

Achromobacter cinsi gram negatif bakterilere bağlı gelişen infeksiyonlar insanlarda oldukça nadir olmakla birlikte, literatürde ülkemizden de çeşitli vaka bildirimleri mevcuttur. Bu çalışmada Achromobacter denitrificans infeksiyonlarını ve klinik önemini gözden geçirmeyi amaçladık.

Achromobacter spp. altta yatan hastalıkları olan, çeşitli invaziv girişimler uygulanan, uzun süre hastanede yatan hastalarda gelişen çeşitli nozokomiyal infeksiyonların (sepsis, yara enfeksiyonu, gibi) etkenleri arasındadır. Achromobacter spp. gerek toplum ve gerekse de sağlık bakımı ilişkili nadir bir infeksiyon etkenidir.

Sonuç olarak uygun tedavi seçeneklerini belirlemek için antibiyotik duyarlılık paterninin mutlaka çalışılması gerektiği unutulmamalıdır.
IMPACT OF THE COVID-19 LOCKDOWN ON AIR POLLUTION IN AN INDUSTRIAL CITY IN NORTHEASTERN CHINA
Authors: Wang Xueyan , Wang Yuqing , Zhao Yiran , Tian Meijin , Wu Xinmeng , Zhang Yongzhen , Gao Feng , Sun Junjiao , Wei Xiaoqing , Yang Xiuying , Qu Xiaohan
Published: September 2023

Many studies in China investigated how the lockdown following the coronavirus disease 2019 substantially affected air quality; however, few were conducted in Northeastern China. Here, the changes in six criteria air pollutants, including particulate matter (PM10 and PM2.5), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), carbon monoxide (CO), sulfur dioxide (SO2), and ozone (O3), were investigated in Shenyang from January to May 2015–2020. Compared with the pre-lockdown, the mass concentrations of PM2.5, PM10, SO2, NO2, and CO during the lockdown decreased by 40.3% to 48.6%, indicating a positive impact of lockdown policies on reducing pollutant emissions. The responses of PM2.5, PM10, and CO to the lockdown measures in downtown areas were more sensitive than in the suburbs. However, the O3 concentration showed the opposite trend, attributed to the drop in NOx and particulate matters. Compared to the same period in 2015–2019, the proportion of days with good air quality increased from 63.2% to 77.2% during the lockdown and Shenyang experienced no severe pollution. Our results suggest that reducing human activities can improve air quality; however, coordinated control policies of O3, PM2.5, and NO2 are imperative.
CURVATURE BASED CHARACTERIZATION OF RADIAL BASIS FUNCTIONS: APPLICATION TO INTERPOLATION
Authors: Heidari Mohammad , Mohammadi Maryam , De Marchi Stefano
Published: September 2023

Choosing the scale or shape parameter of radial basis functions (RBFs) is a well-documented but still an open problem in kernel-based methods. It is common to tune it according to the applications, and it plays a crucial role both for the accuracy and stability of the method. In this paper, we first devise a direct relation between the shape parameter of RBFs and their curvature at each point. This leads to characterizing RBFs to scalable and unscalable ones. We prove that all scalable RBFs lie in the -class which means that their curvature at the point xj is proportional to, where cj is the corresponding spatially variable shape parameter at xj. Some of the most commonly used RBFs are then characterized and classified accordingly to their curvature. Then, the fundamental theory of plane curves helps us recover univariate functions from scattered data, by enforcing the exact and approximate solutions have the same curvature at the point where they meet. This leads to introducing curvature-based scaled RBFs with shape parameters depending on the function values and approximate curvature values of the function to be approximated. Several numerical experiments are devoted to show that the method performs better than the standard fixed-scale basis and some other shape parameter selection methods.
EIGENVALUES OF STURM-LIOUVILLE PROBLEMS WITH EIGENPARAMETER DEPENDENT BOUNDARY AND INTERFACE CONDITIONS
Authors: Zheng Jiajia , Li Kun , Zheng Zhaowen
Published: September 2023

In this paper, a regular discontinuous Sturm-Liouville problem which contains eigenparameter in both boundary and interface conditions is investigated. Firstly, a new operator associated with the problem is constructed, and the self-adjointness of the operator in an appropriate Hilbert space is proved. Some properties of eigenvalues are discussed. Finally, the continuity of eigenvalues and eigenfunctions is investigated, and the differential expressions in the sense of ordinary or Fréchet of the eigenvalues concerning the data are given.
ON THE SPECTRUM STRUCTURE FOR ONE DIFFERENCE EIGENVALUE PROBLEM WITH NONLOCAL BOUNDARY CONDITIONS
Authors: Sapagovas Mifodijus , Pupalaigė Kristina , Čiupaila Regimantas , Meškauskas Tadas
Published: September 2023

The difference eigenvalue problem approximating the one-dimensional differential equation with the variable weight coefficients in an integral conditions is considered. The cases without negative eigenvalue in the spectrum of difference eigenvalue problem were analyzed. Analysis of the conditions of stability of difference schemes for parabolic equations was carried out according to the theoretical results and results of the numerical experiment.
DiskMINT: A Tool to Estimate Disk Masses with CO Isotopologues
Authors: Deng Dingshan , Ruaud Maxime , Gorti Uma , Pascucci Ilaria
Published: September 2023

CO is one of the most abundant molecules in protoplanetary disks, and optically thin emission from its isotopologues has been detected in many of them. However, several past works have argued that reproducing the relatively low emission of CO isotopologues requires a very low disk mass or significant CO depletion. Here, we present a Python code, DiskMINT, which includes gas density and temperature structures that are both consistent with the thermal pressure gradient, isotope-selective chemistry, and conversion of CO into CO2 ice on grain surfaces. The code generates a self-consistent disk structure, where the gas disk distribution is obtained from a spectral energy distribution (SED)–derived dust disk structure with multiple grain sizes. We use DiskMINT to study the disk of RU Lup, a high-accreting star whose disk was previously inferred to have a gas mass of only ∼1.5 × 10−3
M
⊙ and gas-to-dust mass ratio of ∼4. Our best-fit model to the long-wavelength continuum emission can explain the total C18O luminosity as well as the C18O velocity and radial intensity profiles, and it obtains a gas mass of ∼1.2 × 10−2
M
⊙, an order of magnitude higher than previous results. A disk model with parametric Gaussian vertical distribution that better matches the IR SED can also explain the observables above with a similarly high gas mass ∼2.1 × 10−2
M
⊙. We confirm the conclusions of Ruaud et al. that optically thin C18O rotational lines provide reasonable estimates of the disk mass and can therefore be used as gas disk tracers.
The Discrepancy between Observed and Predicted Heliospheric Energetic Neutral Atoms below Solar Wind Energy
Authors: Galli André , Baliukin Igor I. , Kornbleuth Marc , Opher Merav , Fuselier Stephen A. , Sokół Justyna M. , Dialynas Konstantinos , Dayeh Maher A. , Izmodenov Vladislav V. , Richardson John D.
Published: September 2023

Measuring energetic neutral atoms (ENAs) allows for the remote observation of ion populations from the frontiers of our heliosphere. In this study, we compare the ENAs observed with the IBEX-Lo instrument onboard the Interstellar Boundary Explorer with ENA predictions from two heliosphere models. In contrast to previous studies, this paper presents model-data comparisons for the energy range 50 eV–2 keV over one full solar cycle not only in the upwind direction (Voyager 1 and Voyager 2 sky directions), but also for the north pole, south pole, port tail lobe, and downwind directions. The two heliosphere models produce the same basic result: there is a large gap (1 to 2 orders of magnitude in ENA intensity at 100 eV) between ENA data and model predictions between 100 and 500 eV for all sky directions. The reason for this gap is not understood yet. While some explanations are plausible and will be investigated in future studies, other explanations are excluded.
The FRB 20190520B Sight Line Intersects Foreground Galaxy Clusters
Authors: Lee Khee-Gan , Khrykin Ilya S. , Simha Sunil , Ata Metin , Huang Yuxin , Prochaska J. Xavier , Tejos Nicolas , Cooke Jeff , Nagamine Kentaro , Zhang Jielai
Published: September 2023

The repeating fast radio burst FRB 20190520B is an anomaly of the FRB population thanks to its high dispersion measure (DM = 1205 pc cm−3) despite its low redshift of z
frb = 0.241. This excess has been attributed to a large host contribution of DMhost ≈ 900 pc cm−3, far larger than any other known FRB. In this paper, we describe spectroscopic observations of the FRB 20190520B field obtained as part of the FLIMFLAM survey, which yielded 701 galaxy redshifts in the field. We find multiple foreground galaxy groups and clusters, for which we then estimated halo masses by comparing their richness with numerical simulations. We discover two separate M
halo > 1014
M
⊙ galaxy clusters at z = 0.1867 and 0.2170 that are directly intersected by the FRB sight line within their characteristic halo radius r
200. Subtracting off their estimated DM contributions, as well that of the diffuse intergalactic medium, we estimate a host contribution of

D

M

h

o

s

t

=

430

−
220

+
140

or

280

−
170

+
140

p

c

c

m

−
3

(observed frame), depending on whether we assume that the halo gas extends to r
200 or 2 × r
200. This significantly smaller DMhost—no longer the largest known value—is now consistent with Hα emission measures of the host galaxy without invoking unusually high gas temperatures. Combined with the observed FRB scattering timescale, we estimate the turbulent fluctuation and geometric amplification factor of the scattering layer to be

F

˜

G
≈
4.5
–
11

(

pc

2

km
)

−
1

/

3

, suggesting that most of the gas is close to the FRB host. This result illustrates the importance of incorporating foreground data for FRB analyses both for understanding the nature of FRBs and to realize their potential as a cosmological probe.
Formation and Evolution of Transient Jets and Their Cavities in Black Hole X-Ray Binaries
Authors: Sikora Marek , Zdziarski Andrzej A.
Published: September 2023

We propose a model explaining the origin of transient/episodic jets in black hole X-ray binaries, in which they are caused by transitions from a collimated, strongly magnetized jet to a wide, uncollimated outflow. The change occurs when the accretion flow leaves the magnetically choked state due to an increase of the accretion rate for a weakly varying magnetic flux. The formed powerful jet then detaches from its base, and propagates as a discrete ejection. The uncollimated outflow then produces a relativistic plasma that fills the surroundings of the black hole, contributing to the formation of a low-density cavity. While the pressure in the cavity is in equilibrium with the surrounding interstellar medium (ISM), its inertia is orders of magnitude lower than that of the ISM. This implies that the plasma cannot efficiently decelerate the ejecta, explaining most of the observations. The modest deceleration within the cavities observed in some cases can then be due to the presence of clouds and/or filaments, forming a wide transition zone between the cavity and the ISM.
Clinical Profile, Laboratory, Radiology and Outcomes of COVID-19 Patients in Children at Mataram University Hospital
Authors: Sari Linda Silvana , Karuniawaty Titi Prambudi , Wiguna Putu Aditya
Published: September 2023

BACKGROUND: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is atypical pneumonia that has spread since December 2019 and named as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2.
AIM: This study aimed to understand the characteristics of pediatric patients with COVID-19 from the aspect of clinical picture, anthropometric status, and laboratory and radiology findings in Mataram University Hospital.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: This qualitative study with descriptive approach. A total of 149 subjects were collected based on the purposive sampling.
RESULTS: This study was dominated by female gender (59.1%), age under 12 months old (81.9%), normal body height per age 113 subjects (78.7%), normal body weight per age 117 (78.5%), and normal body weight per body height 94 (63.1%). The clinical findings included cough 47 subjects (31.5%), fever 36 subjects (24.2%), cold 28 subjects (18.8%), and shortness of breath 20 subjects (13.4%). Meanwhile, in physical examination, rhonchi was found in 19 subjects (12.8%), lymphocytosis in 59 subjects (59.1%), leukocytosis in 49 subjects (32.9%), and normal chest radiograph was found in 94 subjects (63.1%). The outcome of patients 80.3% recovered, 19.7% referred, and 0% died.
CONCLUSION: The clinical picture of children with COVID-19 at UNRAM Hospital was dominated by cough and fever, normal anthropometric status, leukopenia, normal radiological examination, and mostly patient outcomes were recovered.
A new species of Hiptage (Malpighiaceae) from northwest Yunnan (China) based on molecular and morphological data
Authors: Zhang Tong-Tong , Yang Shu-Yun , Tan Ke , Ren Ming-Xun
Published: September 2023

Hiptage stenopterum K.Tan & M.X.Ren, a new species of Hiptage collected from a deep valley close to the Nujiang Gorge, northwest of Yunnan Province, China, is described and illustrated based on molecular and morphological data. The new species was found isolated in an entrenched valley of the Laowo River, a tributary of the Nujiang River, at the northern edge of the distribution range of the genus. H. stenopterum shares some morphological similarities with the narrowly endemic H. incurvatum and H. lushuiensis. However, H. stenopterum is easily distinguished by its oblanceolate lateral wing of winged mericarp, 10 to 12 calyx glands, and branchlets densely rusty tomentose. The new species status is also supported by molecular phylogenetic analyses based on nuclear ribosome internal transcribed spacer (nrITS), which showed distinct systematic boundaries from the most morphologically similar species, H. incurvatum and their morphological relatives, H. lushuiensis.
Devenir un « vieux travailleur »
Authors: Volkoff Serge , Guyot Sandrine , Bernard Alexandre , Bossi Philippe , Cabanat Francis , Garcia Sylvie
Published: September 2023

Cet article propose de repérer, à partir d’une enquête statistique locale, les caractéristiques du parcours professionnel de salariés en seconde partie de carrière, susceptibles d’influencer leur perception de leur propre capacité de travail et de leur place dans l’entreprise. Trois aspects du vieillissement perçu sont explorés : le « vieillissement-produit » vu comme le sentiment que le travail « [me] fait vieillir prématurément » ; le « vieillissement-épreuve » qui a trait aux contraintes ou aux nuisances du travail jugées « plus difficiles [à supporter] avec l’âge » ; le « vieillissement-image » quand l’entourage professionnel « [me] fait sentir que je suis vieux ». Les résultats portent sur les réponses de 594 salariés de 45 à 55 ans suivis par un service interentreprises de santé au travail. Chaque facette du vieillissement perçu présente un lien avec l’appartenance aux catégories socioprofessionnelles d’ouvrier et d’employé et avec les durées d’exposition à un travail physiquement exigeant, à des horaires décalés et au travail monotone. L’incertitude sur le devenir professionnel et sur les capacités de travail futures est également associée à ces trois volets ; toutefois, les résultats sont sensiblement différents selon les aspects considérés. Ces résultats soulignent l’importance du vécu des parcours professionnels dans le vieillissement perçu, et interrogent les réformes paramétriques des retraites au prisme des conditions de travail et de la santé au travail et de leur prise en compte tout au long de la carrière.
Extremal solutions for fractional evolution equations of order $ 1 < \gamma < 2 $
Authors: Li Qiang , Zhao Jina
Published: September 2023

This manuscript considers a class of fractional evolution equations with order $ 1 < \gamma < 2 $ in ordered Banach space. Based on the theory of cosine operators, this paper extends the application of monotonic iterative methods in this type of equation. This method can be applied to some physical problems and phenomena, providing new tools and ideas for academic research and practical applications. Under the assumption that the linear part is an $ m $-accretive operator, the positivity of the operator families of fractional power solutions is obtained by using Mainardi's Wright-type function. By virtue of the positivity of the family of fractional power solution operators, we establish the monotone iterative technique of the solution of the equation and obtain the existence of extremal mild solutions under the assumption that the upper and lower solutions exist. Moreover, we investigate the positive mild solutions without assuming the existence of upper and lower solutions. In the end, we give an example to illustrate the applied value of our study.
Measuring provincial digital finance development efficiency based on stochastic frontier model
Authors: Liu Guang , Yi Hong , Liang Haonan
Published: September 2023

Effective development of digital finance is vital to closing the regional economic disparities. This study aims at investigating the efficiency of digital finance development in China and its implications for closing regional economic disparities. Using the stochastic frontier model, we estimate the development efficiency of digital finance in 31 provinces in China from 2011 to 2020, and reveal their characteristics of temporal evolution and spatial distribution. The results show that the efficiency of digital finance development in each province shows a tendency to increase quickly first and then slowly decline. The provinces with a higher level of digital finance development always have higher development efficiency at the beginning of the sample period, which then declines rapidly after reaching the maximum, and even less than the national average value at the end of the period, with significant regional disparities observed. The provinces with a higher level of digital finance development always have higher development efficiency at the beginning of the sample period, which then declines rapidly after reaching the maximum, and even less than the national average value at the end of the period. The imbalance of development efficiency among different provinces is increasing, and the potential for development efficiency in the central and western regions is relatively greater. These findings have important implications for promoting high-quality economic development and common prosperity in China. In the future, we should continually prevent the development efficiency of digital finance to decline rapidly in all provinces (especially in the eastern region), and strive constantly to bridge the gap of development efficiency among different province, so as to provide a better surrounding for promoting high-quality economic development and common prosperity.
Rethinking Orgnac 3 in Time and Space: Implications for Reconstructing Neandertal Origins
Authors: Lewis Jason E. , Combier† Jean , Slimak Ludovic
Published: September 2023

An important aim in paleoanthropological and archaeological research is to clarify the poorly resolved record of the Middle Pleistocene (MP). Filling in the gaps of the Eurasian MP furthers our understanding of the behavioral and biological evolution of archaic humans, Neanderthals, Denisovans and their ancestors. Orgnac 3, located in Mediterranean France, is particularly suited to address these issues. This paper introduces the site to new readers, summarizes the previous work performed on the site and its material, and offers different views based on new analysis of its faunal material. Based on the currently available evidence, the Orgnac 3 sequence is likely far older than previously thought and might date to OISs 12-8, not only 9-8 as traditionally proposed. The hominin teeth, which have not been described in detail or assigned to a taxon, would date to ~375 - 400,000 years ago, the focal period of the Neandertal/Denisovan/modern human population divergence debate. More accurate and precise analyses of Orgnac 3's paleontological, archaeological and geological material are needed to clarify our understanding of hominin evolution during the MP.
Conventional physical therapy combined with extracorporeal shock wave leads to positive effects on spasticity in stroke survivors: a prospective observational study
Authors: Mihai Emanuela Elena , Papathanasiou Jannis , Panayotov Kiril , Kashilska Yana , Rosulescu Eugenia , Foti Calogero , Berteanu Mihai
Published: September 2023

The study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of radial extracorporeal shock wave therapy (rESWT) and conventional physical therapy (CPT) protocol on the gait pattern in stroke survivors through a new gait analysis technology. Fifteen (n=15) stroke survivors took part in this prospective, observational study and were assessed clinically and through an instrumented treadmill before and after rESWT and CPT. Spasticity grade 95% CI 0.93 (0.79 +/- 1.08), pain intensity 95% CI 1.60 (1.19 +/- 2.01), and clonus score decreased significantly 95% CI 1.13 (0.72 +/- 1.54). The sensorimotor function 95% CI -2.53 (-3.42 +/- 1.65), balance 95% CI -5.67 (-6.64 +/- - 4.69), and gait parameters were enhanced at the end of the program. Step length 95% CI -3.47 (-6.48 +/- 0.46) and step cycle were improved 95% CI -0.09 (-0.17 +/- -0.01), and hip 95% CI -3.90 (-6.92 +/- -0.88), knee 95% CI -2.08 (-3.84 +/- -0.32) and ankle flexion-extension 95% CI -2.08 (-6.64 +/- -4.69) were augmented. Adding the quantitative analysis to the clinical assessment, we gained easy access to track progress and obtained an individualized therapeutic approach for stroke survivors.
Knowledge and practices associated with Lassa fever in rural Nigeria: Implications for prevention and control
Authors: Aromolaran Olukemi , Samson Timothy K. , Falodun Olutayo I.
Published: September 2023

Lassa fever (LF) is a haemorrhagic illness endemic in West Africa, which can be attributed to poor rat control and poor sanitation, especially in the rural communities.Increasing awareness and education about LF has been advocated for its prevention and control. This study investigated the level of awareness and knowledge associated with LF among the residents of Iwo and Oluponna areas of Osun State, southwest Nigeria. A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out among the adult residents using a structured questionnaire. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used in analysing the data. In total, 534 (79.11%)respondents had heard about LF, but only 15.4% had good knowledge of the disease. Their main source of information was the media (46.3%, P=0.002, P0.01), while only 21.2% got information from health workers. About 45% of respondents have rats in their houses. Respondents from Iwo were better informed than Oluponna. Multiple logistic regression analysis indicated location to be significantly associated with awareness (OR=1.62, C.I=1.078-2.433, P0.05), knowledge of prevention (OR=5.88, C.I=2.807-12.317, P=0.000,P0.01) and treatment (OR=1.648, C.I=1.122-2.420,P=0.011, P0.05). Although the residents of Iwo are better informed about LF than Oluponna residents, the knowledge of the disease is poor in both areas. Health workers should be well informed, and the government should increase enlightenment programmes about LF, especially in rural communities of Nigeria, so as to curtail the spread and prevent outbreaks.
Lymphangioma circumscriptum of thigh in a 12-year-old girl: report of a rare case
Authors: Balakrishnan Padmapriya , Arun Babu Thirunavukkarasu
Published: September 2023

Clinical diagnosis of grouped vesicular lesions in pediatric age group needs a detailed history and meticulous dermatological assessment of the morphology. Lymphangioma circumscriptum (LC) is one rare condition suspected with classic clinical presentation. Frog spawn appearance and black vesicles are two clues for making a clinical diagnosis. Here, we report a case of LC over thigh in an adolescent girl in view of its rare age of presentation and unusual location.
Calcifying odontogenic cyst mimicking odontogenic keratocyst: A diagnostic challenge
Authors: Khan Tanha , Manna Arpan , Sunil Mysore K
Published: September 2023

A rare developmental lesion that arises from the odontogenic epithelium is called a calcifying odontogenic cyst (COC). It is sometimes referred to as a calcifying cystic odontogenic tumor, which is characterized by an overgrowth of odontogenic epithelium and a dispersed nest of ghost cells and calcifications that may line a cyst or appear as a solid mass. Although it can occur anywhere in the oral cavity, the anterior mandible and maxilla are more frequently affected. Although it can occur practically at any age and in either gender, people in their 20s to 30s tend to experience it most frequently. This case report mainly focuses the clinical features, radiographic features as well as management of calcifying cystic odontogenic tumor.
A multidisciplinary approach in the management of a patient with familial von Recklinghausen’s disease: A case report and review of literature
Authors: Sharma Aditya , Mishra Rakesh Kumar
Published: September 2023

Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1), also known as von Recklinghausen’s disease (VRD), is an autosomal dominant genetic disorder caused by gene mutations located on chromosome 17. Of these, 90% are point mutations, and the rest have larger deletions, affecting nearly one in every 3500 births. The same gene is responsible for the synthesis of a protein known as neurofibromin, which helps in the regulation of normal cell growth. This disorder is characterized by the development of swellings all over the body along the distribution of nerves, skin changes, visual abnormalities, and bony deformities in some individuals. In addition to this, it is also a neoplastic predisposition syndrome that is associated with both benign and malignant tumors of the brain and spinal cord. In 20% of the cases with NF1, it is associated with gliomagenesis, which often affects the optic pathway and brain stem. In the early phases, it is associated with benign gliomas, whereas in the later stages, it is associated with malignant gliomas. But nevertheless, high-grade gliosarcomas (grade IV) of the brain are rare entities with reported higher risks in both children and adults. We report a case of familial NF1 (VRD) in a patient with an associated high-grade right parieto-temporo-occipital lobe glioma. Surgical excision via gross total resection is the mainstay of treatment. However, a multidisciplinary approach is also vital. This is described here, whereby timely intervention from neurology, ophthalmology, radiology, orthopedics, neurosurgery, and radiotherapy led to the successful management of the patient.
Anesthetic management of a child with spinal muscular atrophy
Authors: Thomas Dimple E , Sebastian Geethu , Irimpan Joel , Kumar Lakshmi
Published: September 2023

Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a rare autosomal disorder associated with degeneration of motor neurons. Bulbar dysfunction predisposes to aspiration. We present the anesthetic management of a child with SMA managed with general anesthesia and abdominal plane blocks for gastrostomy.
Prevalence of palmaris longus agenesis among the Urhobo of Delta State, Nigeria
Authors: Enakpoya Princess O , Ominde Beryl S , Destiny Ederhoghene O , Ebeye Oladunni A , Igbigbi Patrick S
Published: September 2023

Background:

Palmaris longus (PL) is one of the most common muscles in the human body that has anatomical variants of surgical importance.

Objectives:

The purpose of this study was to find out the frequency of PL agenesis among Urhobo people in Delta State, Nigeria.

Materials and Methods:

This descriptive study adopted the cross-sectional design, conducted among 400 Urhobo subjects (182 males and 218 females) from the student population of Delta State University, Abraka, Nigeria, using the nonprobability convenience sampling technique. We performed Schaeffer’s test to detect the PL tendon in the subjects. If the tendon was still not visualized or palpable, two additional tests (Thompson’s and Pushpakumar’s tests) were conducted. Data analysis was conducted using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences Version 21.0. The findings were summarized in percentages, while the Chi-square test was used to assess the association of PL agenesis with laterality and gender. Statistical significance was set at a P-value of less than 5%.

Results:

The tendon of PL was present in 309 (77.25%) and absent in 91 (22.75%) subjects. The agenesis of this muscle showed a significant association with laterality (P = 0.001) but lacked sexual dimorphism bilaterally (P > 0.05).

Conclusion:

The tendon of PL is absent among some subjects of the Urhobo ethnic group (22.75%). These subjects, therefore, may require alternative tendon sources for reconstructive surgeries.
Correlation of CYP2R1 gene promoter methylation with circulating vitamin D levels among healthy adults
Authors: Varadharajan Ashvin , Sibin M.K. , Athira S.V. , Ghosh Arijit Kumar , Misra Pratibha
Published: September 2023

Background & objectives:

Despite being a tropical country, vitamin D deficiency is highly prevalent in India with studies indicating 40-99 per cent prevalence. Apart from calcium and phosphate metabolism, vitamin D is involved in cell cycle regulation, cardiovascular, hepatoprotection. The metabolism of vitamin D is regulated by vitamin D tool genes (CYP2R1/CYP27B1/CYP24A1/VDR). The promoter regions of some of these genes have CpG islands, making them prone to methylation induced gene silencing, which may cause a reduction in circulating vitamin D levels. Epigenetic basis of vitamin D deficiency is yet to be studied in India, and hence, this pilot study was aimed to analyze whether methylation levels of CYP2R1 gene were correlated with the levels of 25(OH)D in healthy, adult individuals in Indian population.

Methods:

In this cross-sectional study, healthy adults of 18-45 yr of age with no history of malabsorption, thyroidectomy, chronic illness or therapeutic vitamin D supplementation were recruited. DNA methylation analysis was carried out by methylation specific quantitative PCR. Serum calcium, phosphate and vitamin D levels were also quantified. Statistical analysis was done by R 4.0.5 software.

Results:

A total of 61 apparently healthy adults were analyzed. The serum vitamin D levels did not correlate with CYP2R1 methylation levels in our study population. Significant positive correlation was observed between age and serum vitamin D levels. Significant association of gender was found with CYP2R1 methylation levels.

Interpretation & conclusions:

This study found no significant correlation between levels of CYP2R1 methylation and circulating 25(OH)D deficiency. Further studies on the Indian population having a larger sample size including entire vitamin D tool genes, among different ethnic groups may be conducted to elucidate molecular etiology of circulating 25(OH)D deficiency. The high prevalence of normal serum calcium and phosphate levels among vitamin D deficient subjects in this study coupled with the strikingly high prevalence of the deficiency at the national level, may suggest the need to revise the cut-off criteria for vitamin D deficiency in the Indian population.
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Following Near Drowning
Authors: Mathew Jan Rexie , Krishnamoorthy K
Published: September 2023

According to the World Health Organization, drowning is the third leading cause of unintentional injury death worldwide, accounting for 7% of all injury-related deaths. National Crime Records Bureau estimates an average of 83 deaths every day in India due to drowning. A 36-year-old male, who is a known case of posttraumatic seizure disorder, was admitted with an alleged history of drowning into the river. On admission, the patient had severe hypoxemia and chest X-ray revealed bilateral diffuse heterogeneous fluffy infiltrates suggestive of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). The patient was immediately intubated and mechanically ventilated. Subsequent computed tomography imaging of the patient showed mixed areas of consolidation and ground-glass opacities. Later in the course of stay in the hospital, the condition of the patient gradually improved and he was discharged from the hospital in a stable condition. The outcome of ARDS in drowning victims is better when compared to the ARDS of other etiologies.
Gastric Outlet Obstruction Secondary to Incarcerated Stomach in Parastomal Hernia
Authors: Abdur Raheem Mohammed F. Bin , Ng Zi Q.
Published: September 2023

Gastric outlet obstruction due to an incarcerated stomach in a parastomal hernia is extremely rare. Here, we present the management of such a case with a review of the literature. A 79-year-old woman presented with a 3-week history of postprandial vomiting and associated parastomal and epigastric pain. She had a loop colostomy created for severe fecal incontinence secondary to anal stenosis. Imaging revealed a large parastomal hernia with an incarcerated gastric antrum. She was initially managed nonoperatively with a nasogastric tube. She underwent a semi-elective open Sugarbaker mesh repair of the parastomal hernia with good results. Gastric outlet obstruction secondary to incarceration of the stomach in a parastomal hernia is uncommon. A conservative approach with nasogastric tube decompression is a reasonable initial approach in a patient who is not critically unwell, which allows time for consideration of different parastomal hernia repair techniques.
Convexity of the radial sum of a star body and a ball
Authors: Sakata Shigehiro
Published: September 2023

We investigate the convexity of the radial sum of two convex bodies containing the origin. Generally, the radial sum of two convex bodies containing the origin is not convex. We show that the radial sum of a star body (with respect to the origin) and any large centered ball is convex, which produces a pair of convex bodies containing the origin whose radial sum is convex.

We also investigate the convexity of the intersection body of a convex body containing the origin. Generally, the intersection body of a convex body containing the origin is not convex. Busemann’s theorem states that the intersection body of any centered convex body is convex. We are interested in how to construct convex intersection bodies from convex bodies without any symmetry (especially, central symmetry). We show that the intersection body of the radial sum of a star body (with respect to the origin) and any large centered ball is convex, which produces a convex body with no symmetries whose intersection body is convex.
Degradasi Moral Pejabat Negara Terhadap Kepatuhan Hukum Warga Negara Indonesia
Authors: Kurnia Eyda , Rahmawati Nurlaili , Rahmah Siti Asifa’ur , Ammarazka Reyhan
Published: September 2023

Ketaatan etika dan moral mempunyai hubungan fungsional dengan ketaatan pada hukum. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menganalisis latar belakang terjadinya degradasi moral pejabat negara dan pengaruhnya terhadap sikap warga negara serta tindakan apa yang harus dilakukan terkait fenomena ini. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian yuridis-normatif. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa keserakahan dan ketamakan merupakan akar permasalahan terjadinya degradasi moral pejabat negara. Berdasarkan sejumlah data dan penelitian bahwa karakter pejabat dalam menyikapi tugasnya semakin terkikis sehingga tercipta degradasi moral yang mengakibatkan penurunan sikap aktif dan kontributif dari warga Negara. Ketidakpatuhan menjadi sikap yang diwajarkan oleh masyarakat karena mereka mengacu pada para oknum pejabat negara tersebut. Oleh sebab itu, perlu adanya penegakan hukum yang bersih dan tidak memihak mengenai beretika. Tindakan-tindakan menyimpang dan menyeleweng dari oknum pejabat negara harus ditindak secara tegas serta diberikan sanksi yang setimpal karena berdampak kepada masyarakat, yakni warga negara Indonesia. Sistem hukum di Indonesia akan berfungsi dengan baik jika nilai etika dan moral ditegakkan di setiap sektor kenegaraan.
Disrupsi Teknologi Hukum Terhadap Jasa Advokat Dalam Pandangan Hukum Pembangunan Mochtar Kusumaatmadja
Authors: Anjar Setiarma
Published: September 2023

Tulisan ini membahas mengenai disrupsi teknologi hukum terhadap jasa advokat dalam sudut pandang hukum pembangunan Mochtar Kusumaatmadja, dalam era digitalisasi saat ini perkembangan teknologi pada sektor industri telah membawa perubahan yang signifikan terhadap masyarakat, termasuk industri bidang hukum seperti jasa advokat. Dalam industri jasa advokat telah terjadi digitalisasi layanan jasa hukum dengan bantuan teknologi yang disebut sebagai teknologi hukum (legal technology atau legal tech), secara definisi dapat diartikan sebagai penggunaan teknologi untuk mengotomatisasi, membantu atau meningkatkan kualitas pekerjaan pengacara, klien dan pemerintah. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian hukum normatif (doctrinal legal research) dengan metode pendekatan analisis (analytical approach) dan pendekatan konseptual (conceptual approach) yang disajikan menggunakan penelitian induktif. Hasil terhadap penelitian ini yaitu kehadiran teknologi hukum telah mendisrupsi layanan jasa hukum tradisional dan apabila ditinjau dengan teori hukum pembangunan Mochtar Kusumaatmadja yang mengajarkan bahwa perubahan terhadap hukum dapat terjadi dengan cara pembentukan hukum positif yang disesuaikan dengan nilai dan fakta yang terjadi di lapangan, maka merujuk pada teori tersebut saat ini masih terdapat kekosongan hukum positif yang mengatur teknologi hukum.
Urgensi Penegakan Hukum Tindak Pidana Malapraktik Medis Menurut Undang-Undang Nomor 36 Tahun 2014 Tentang Tenaga Kesehatan
Authors: Hermawan Salsabila Meidita , Juhana Ujuh , Kusumah Haidan Angga
Published: September 2023

Tenaga kesehatan dalam prakteknya seringkali menimbulkan polemik, seperti halnya lalai atau melakukan kesalahan dalam menjalankan tugas ketika menangani pasien, dalam pertanggungjawabannya seorang tenaga kesehatan seringkali menghindar dari tanggungjawab atas apa yang telah diperbuatnya, maka dari itu seperti apa bentuk pertanggungjawaban yang harus ditanggung oleh tenaga kesehatan yang melakukan tindakan Malapraktik dan seperti apa pula penegakan hukum di Indonesia terhadap tindakan Malapraktik medis ini. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif, dengan metode ini penulis dapat menganalisa dan memberikan penjelasan dalam menerapkan suatu peraturan perundang-undangan. Berdasarkan penelitian yang peneliti lakukan menunjukan kesimpulan bahwa dalam penegakan hukum pidana terhadap tindak pidana Malapraktik masih kurang dalam penanganannya, karena peraturan yang mengatur tentang tindakan Malapraktik ini belum diatur secara spesifik dan belum adanya liminatif yang memberikan suatu batasan dalam tindakan Malapraktik. Pertanggungjawaban pidana diawali dengan adanya suatu kesalahan, baik disengaja maupun karena kelalaian, dalam hal ini menjadi acuan bahwa ada tidaknya pertanggungjawaban yang telah diperbuat oleh tenaga kesehatan, pertanggungjawaban pidana terhadap tenaga kesehatan terdapat dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 36 Tahun 2014 Tentang Tenaga Kesehatan. Maka dari itu perlu adanya perhatian lebih dari pemerintahan terhadap kasus malapraktik medis dengan melakukan sosialisasi, dan dibuatnya regulasi baru khusus malapraktik medis.
Assessment of Noise Pollution and Health Impacts of the Exposed Population in an Urban Area of Chhattisgarh, India
Authors: Kumar Vishal , Ahirwar Ajay Vikram , Prasad A. D.
Published: September 2023

The present study aimed to evaluate the possible impact of noise pollution. This study was conducted in Raipur, the capital of Chhattisgarh state, India, to analyze the relationship between noise pollution and health complaints. A total of 18 locations were selected for monitoring noise pollution levels in the morning (9:00-10:30 AM) and evening (7:00-8:30 PM). Noise maps were prepared for both the time interval, and it was found that the highest equivalent noise level (Leq)of 81.31 dBA was observed at location L3 whereas the lowest Leq of 63.25 dBA was observed at L16 in the morning and in the evening 77.33 dBA at L3 and 60.14 dBA at L16 were observed. A questionnaire survey was performed on the population (n = 400) exposed to noise and analyzed through a variance-based partial least square (PLS) structural equation model (SEM). From the survey, it was found that most of the respondents are exposed to higher noise levels and are facing health issues of “pain in the ear,” “rise in blood pressure,” “loss of sleep,” “whistling and buzzing” in their ear, “headache,” “heaviness” and “efficiency problem.” A total of 109 hypotheses were proposed and analyzed through bootstrapping with a subsample size of 5000 in SmartPLS software. 18 hypotheses were found to be significant in the proposed model. SEM analysis revealed an interrelation between noise pollution and health effects. It is recommended that strict regulation in nearby sensitive areas must be imposed and an awareness drive on a large scale shall be conducted to enlighten the city’s population regarding noise effects as well as various measures for controlling.
Land Use Land Cover (LULC) Dynamics by CA-ANN and CA-Markov Model Approaches: A Case Study of Ranipet Town, India
Authors: Jayabaskaran Malathy , Das Bhaskar
Published: September 2023

The present study analyzed the spatio-temporal variations in the Land Use Land Cover types within Ranipet Municipal town in Ranipet District, Tamil Nadu State, India, using two different platforms (QGIS and IDRISI Selva v.17.0). The possible parameters driven the net changes in the Land Use Land Cover (LULC) types were also incorporated for the analysis. Results revealed the positive net changes in the built-up area are about 26.8%, and combined other classes like vegetation, barren land, and water bodies have net negative changes during 1997-2019. Particularly barren land was found to have a reduction of 17.4% due to the massive industrialization in the study area. Further, the LULC maps were used for future prediction (2029) using the dynamic models of CA-ANN (Cellular Automata and Artificial Neural Network) and CA-Markov. Predicted maps yielded a kappa index of 81.6% and 82.6% for CA-ANN and CA-Markov, representing their respective accuracy levels. The CA-Markov model is extended for determining the probable long-term changes for 2080 in LULC with a kappa index of 76.2%. Compared to the CA-ANN model using the QGIS platform, CA-Markov provided better analysis, particularly from one cell to the other. According to the survey and the ground truth in the locality, industrialization and occupational shift were the most influential drivers of LULC dynamics. Moreover, the results of this study assist the stakeholders in the decision-making process for future sustainable land use management.