bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A FIGURA DO AGENTE INFILTRADO VIRTUAL E A RELATIVIZAÇÃO DE DIREITOS FUNDAMENTAIS
Authors: Oliveira Franco Henrique , Kozan Mariana Batista
Published: June 2019

O presente estudo visa analisar técnica especial de investigação designada de infiltração policial, com abordagem na persecução penal de crimes praticados no ambiente virtual. Esta técnica esta prevista expressamente na Lei nº 13.441/17, representando um novo meio de obtenção de provas a fim de investigar um rol específico de crimes, entre eles os praticados contra a dignidade sexual da criança e adolescente. Sustenta a pesquisa que o crescente desenvolvimento da tecnologia da informação possibilitou o surgimento crimes cibernéticos, delitos praticados no espaço virtual, consequentemente, demandando novos mecanismos de investigação. Analisa-se a infiltração virtual de agentes abordando o questionamentos sobre sua legalidade, visto que são utilizados métodos como a dissimulação, a criação de uma identidade fictícia, o que engloba a possibilidade do agente policial praticar eventual transgressão a direitos fundamentais e com isso incidirem em condutas típicas, e serem abrigados por excludentes de ilicitudes, justificada pela excepcionalidade desta técnica. Com o intuito de maior debate, a pesquisa percorre os princípios da proporcionalidade e da legalidade, bem como o princípio da excepcionalidade e o caráter subsidiário da infiltração. Ao final faz-se uma abordagem sobre a dificuldade de obtenção das provas no ciberespaço e sua validade perante o ordenamento jurídico brasileiro.
Pengaruh Akupresur terhadap Kadar Glukosa Darah Pasien Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2 di Persadia RS Islam Jakarta Cempaka Putih
Authors: Jumari Jumari , Waluyo Agung , Jumaiyah Wati , Natashia Dhea
Published: June 2019

However limited study had examined the effect of acupressure to reduce blood glucose levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. This quasi experimental trial was conducted to identify the effect of acupressure on blood glucose level in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Purposive samples of 32 patients were enrolled. They were divided into intervention (n = 16) and control group (n = 16). Paired t-test have been used to examine the effectiveness of acupressure before and after intervention. The results showed a significant difference in blood glucose levels between the intervention group and the control group (t = 4.22; p = 0.001). Acupressure is an effective intervention to reduce blood glucose levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Acupressure can be recommended as one of the independent complementary therapies in nursing care among patient with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

 

Keywords: Acupressure, Blood Glucose Level, Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.
Perbandingan Slow Deep Breathing dengan Kombinasi Back Massage dan Slow Deep Breathing terhadap Tekanan Darah Pasien Hipertensi
Authors: Trybahari Ramadhan , Busjra Busjra , Azzam Rohman
Published: June 2019

This study aims to determine the effect of combination therapy Back massage and Slow Deep Breathing on changes in blood pressure in hypertensive patients. Quantitative study Non equivalent control group pretest - posttest design involves 44 respondents into 2 groups, namely 22 respondents in the intervention group combined BM and SDB and 22 respondents in the SDB group. The results showed a significant difference in blood pressure between the combination group of BM and SDB with the SDB group (p = 0.000; α = 0.05) against systolic and diastolic blood pressure on the fifth day. The conclusion of this study is a combination of BM and SDB is an effective therapy for changes in blood pressure. This study recommends that further research be carried out with a larger number of respondents, longer training time and more complex patient conditions such as hypertension patients with complications

 Keywords: Hypertension; Back Massage; Slow Deep Breathing
Prévention des ACSOS : concepts physiologiques et mise en pratique infirmière
Authors: Bongiorno B.
Published: June 2019

L’instabilité du patient cérébrolésé en phase aiguë implique une grande réactivité. L’IDE, au lit du patient, se doit de prévenir l’équipe médicale le plus rapidement possible pour garantir ainsi le pronostic le moins péjoratif. En effet, l’apparition de lésions ischémiques cérébrales secondaires faisant suite à une lésion primaire ne laisse que quelques minutes pour agir avec comme facteur limitant l’efficience de la prise en charge clinique complexe. Dans ce contexte, la ligne directrice du raisonnement médical sera la préservation du débit sanguin cérébral qui sera étroitement surveillé grâce à un monitorage multimodal. Cette revue est centrée sur le rôle de l’IDE pour la prise en charge des cérébrolésés.
Utječe li tehnika visoke
prepreke na rezultate web-ispitivanja?
Authors: Maliković Marko , Švegar Domagoj
Published: June 2019

Tehnika visoke prepreke jedna je od strategija kontrole odustajanja ispitanika od web-ispitivanja. Tehnikom visoke prepreke pokušava se umjetno i namjerno izazvanim zastojem u učitavanju početne stranice web-upitnika izazvati što ranije odustajanje manje motiviranih ispitanika. Dakle, očekuje se da će oni ispitanici koji unatoč čekanju nastave s ispunjavanjem upitnika biti motiviraniji, a time i da će njihovi odgovori biti više kvalitete. Do sada je objavljeno vrlo malo istraživanja i radova na temu korisnosti tehnike visoke prepreke (i sličnih tehnika), a dobiveni su rezultati nejasni i/ili međusobno oprečni. U ovom je članku opisano istraživanje koje se bavi utjecajem tehnike visoke prepreke na rezultate web-ispitivanja na uzorku od 235 studentica i studenata Filozofskog fakulteta u Rijeci. Primijenjen je web-upitnik općih stavova prema internetu. Konkretno, korištene su dvije inačice web-upitnika; jedna sa zastojem u učitavanju početne stranice, kao eksperimentalni uvjet, i jedna bez zastoja, za kontrolu. Ustanovljeni su efekti zastoja na odustajanje sudionika, ali ne i na sadržaj odgovora ni na brzinu odgovaranja. Primjena zastoja rezultirala je značajnim smanjenjem broja ispitanika koji započinju odgovarati na upitnik. No, s obzirom na to da ispitanici koji usprkos zastoju započnu odgovarati na upitnik u značajno većem postotku ispunjavaju upitnik do kraja u odnosu na ispitanike iz kontrolne skupine, broj se u cijelosti ispunjenih upitnika u konačnici nije razlikovao među skupinama.
Odrednice odanosti
lokalnog stanovništva prema marki turističke
destinacije
Authors: Jurišić Marijana , Dlačić Jasmina , Grbac Bruno
Published: June 2019

Uspješan razvoj turističke destinacije determiniran je proaktivnim djelovanjem svih njenih dionika. Ključni dionici turističke destinacije su, pored turista, zaposlenici u turizmu, poslovni subjekti u turizmu kao nositelji turističke ponude, lokalna samouprava, investitori u turističke sadržaje i lokalno stanovništvo. U radu se polazi od postavki
da je lokalno stanovništvo zaposleno u turizmu ključni čimbenik koji pridonosi izgradnji prepoznatljivosti destinacije i njene diferencijacije u odnosu na druge turističke destinacije. Na osnovi rezultata prošlih istraživanja i istraživanja na terenu ispituje se kojim mehanizmima lokalno stanovništvo, a posebno oni koji djeluju i zaposleni su u turizmu, pridonose izgradnji marke turističke destinacije. U tu svrhu provedeno je ispitivanje putem anketnog upitnika
na namjernom uzorku u više turističkih destinacija u Hrvatskoj. Utvrđeno je da svijest o marki turističke destinacije pozitivno utječe na percipiranu vrijednost marke turističke destinacije te da percipirana
vrijednost marke turističke destinacije pozitivno utječe na odanost prema marki turističke destinacije, što u konačnici utječe na razvoj marke destinacije. Rad nije istražio sve utjecajne veličine na stvaranje
marke turističke destinacije, u čemu je njegovo ograničenje, ali je ukazao na nova područja istraživanja i potencijal ponuđenih rezultata za
upravljačke strukture u turizmu u izgradnji marke turističke destinacije.
Didactic material in the process of teaching triangles
Authors: Molina Jiménez Franklin Edmundo , Coronel Sánchez Milton Eduardo , Casnanzuela Pachucho Ivonne Alexandra
Published: June 2019

Introduction.Teaching geometry is based on the need to know the properties of geometric figures in space and how they are applied in different branches of knowledge. Objective:To determine the influence of using didactic material in the teaching-learning process of the concepts related to triangles. Materials and methodsThe research was of the quasi-experimental type, it was investigated in the socioeducational level with exploratory, descriptive, correlational and a quantitative approach because the data collection, analysis and statistical calculations were used. Results It is established that the use of didactic material if it influenced the teaching-learning process. Discussion.As the average of the experimental group is higher, it can be established that the use of didactic material as a didactic technique does influence the teaching of triangles. ConclusionsThe need to create in the career spaces for the formation of students in the development of teaching materials.
Attention processes and executive functions in higher education students
Authors: Cedeño Meza Jorge Guillermo , Loor Domo Erick Joel
Published: June 2019

IntroductionThe executive functions can be conceptualized from neuropsychological studies, from aspects related to the functionality of the subject in the development of tasks. Objectiveto determine the relationship between attention processes and executive functions in higher education students. Materials and methodsThe research was developed in a sample of 42 students of the second level of the school of Psychology, of the Technical University of Manabí, of Ecuador. The type of research used was of a non-experimental nature, of a quantitative, descriptive and correlational nature. Resultsrefer that there is a negative correlation coefficient between the attentional processes and the executive functions.Discussionin a more detailed analysis of the sample reveals that males achieve higher scores. Conclusionsthe existence of a relationship between the attentional processes and the executive functions in the study sample corresponding to the students of the second level of Psychology of the Technical University of Manabí.
Educational time-out between a rock and a hard place: Vocational students in search of coherent life narratives
Authors: Reegård Kaja
Published: June 2019

This article analyses students in upper secondary vocational education and training (VET) for retail and office work in Norway who deploy gap year justification in search of an educational time-out. The international literature on gap year, emphasises that this is a way for privileged students of getting ahead in the competition for access to elite universities. Based on qualitative interviews of VET students, the article finds that this perspective is, however, very different from the (un)planned ‘gapping’ reality of the working-class students of the study. The findings show that the students have worked out neither activities for the gap year nor what they plan to do after their time off. Rather, the findings reveal gapping to be a strategy to postpone essential choices of what and who to become. By examining the ways in which VET students in weakly established vocational trades make meaning of their seemingly open-ended educational journeys, the article explores how their interpretations of the opportunities they face are informed by legitimising individualised gapping discourses.
Personalized Online Live Video Streaming Using Softmax-Based Multinomial Classification
Authors: Kim Kyeongseon , Kwon Dohyun , Kim Joongheon , Mohaisen Aziz
Published: June 2019

As the demand for over-the-top and online streaming services exponentially increases, many techniques for Quality of Experience (QoE) provisioning have been studied. Users can take actions (e.g., skipping) while streaming a video. Therefore, we should consider the viewing pattern of users rather than the network condition or video quality. In this context, we propose a proactive content-loading algorithm for improving per-user personalized preferences using multinomial softmax classification. Based on experimental results, the proposed algorithm has a personalized per-user content waiting time that is significantly lower than that of competing algorithms.
A Study on the Reliability Test of a Lithium Battery in Medical Electric Wheelchairs for Vulnerable Drivers
Authors: Yuk Sunwoo , Choi Kiwon , Park Sang-Geon , Lee Sukmin
Published: June 2019

There are test items for lithium-ion batteries in reliability testing for automobiles and motorcycles, but equivalent test items have not yet been established for mobility scooters (also known as electronic wheelchairs). To evaluate the lithium-ion battery pack or system mounted on a mobility scooter, it is necessary to test vibrations and mechanical shock while driving, independent of tests for the lithium-ion battery cells. In an effort to meet this need, test profiles were established for mobility scooter lithium-ion batteries by performing on-road driving tests and mechanical shock tests. The proposed test profiles were validated using robust statistics and proficiency statistics. The safety of the test profiles was tested in a nationally accredited testing laboratory. As a result, the lithium-ion battery mounted on the mobility scooter was found to have incurred no leakage, short circuit, burst, or explosion. The vibration and mechanical shock test profiles proposed in this study are expected to serve as basis data for establishing standards for mobility scooter safety and reliability.
A Proposal for Evading the Measurement Uncertainty in Classical and Quantum Computing: Application to a Resonant Tunneling Diode and a Mach-Zehnder Interferometer
Authors: Pandey Devashish , Bellentani Laura , Villani Matteo , Albareda Guillermo , Bordone Paolo , Bertoni Andrea , Oriols Xavier
Published: June 2019

Measuring properties of quantum systems is governed by a stochastic (collapse or state-reduction) law that unavoidably yields an uncertainty (variance) associated with the corresponding mean values. This non-classical source of uncertainty is known to be manifested as noise in the electrical current of nanoscale electron devices, and hence it can flaw the good performance of more complex quantum gates. We propose a protocol to alleviate this quantum uncertainty that consists of (i) redesigning the device to accommodate a large number of electrons inside the active region, either by enlarging the lateral or longitudinal areas of the device and (ii) re-normalizing the total current to the number of electrons. How the above two steps can be accommodated using the present semiconductor technology has been discussed and numerically studied for a resonant tunneling diode and a Mach-Zehnder interferometer, for classical and quantum computations, respectively. It is shown that the resulting protocol formally resembles the so-called collective measurements, although, its practical implementation is substantially different.
Empirical Evidences for Urban Influences on Public Health in Hamburg
Authors: von Szombathely Malte , Bechtel Benjamin , Lemke Bernd , Oßenbrügge Jürgen , Pohl Thomas , Pott Maike
Published: June 2019

From the current perspectives of urban health and environmental justice research, health is the result of a combination of individual, social and environmental factors. Yet, there are only few attempts to determine their joint influence on health and well-being. Grounded in debates surrounding conceptual models and based on a data set compiled for the city of Hamburg, this paper aims to provide insights into the most important variables influencing urban health. Theoretically, we are primarily referring to the conceptual model of health-related urban well-being (UrbWellth), which systemizes urban influences in four sectors. The systematization of the conceptual model is empirically confirmed by a principal component analysis: the factors derived from the data correspond well with the deductively derived model. Additionally, a multiple linear regression analysis was used to identify the most important variables influencing the participant’s self-rated health (SRH): rating of one’s social network, rating of neighborhood air quality, rating of neighborhood health infrastructure, heat stress (day/outdoors), cold stress (night/indoors). When controlling for age, income and smoking behavior, these variables explain 12% of the variance of SRH. Thus, these results support the concept of UrbWellth empirically. Finally, the study design helped to identify hotspots with negative impact on SRH within the research areas.
Numerical Simulation of the Influence of Spur Dikes Spacing on Local Scour and Flow
Authors: Ning Jian , Li Guodong , Li Shanshan
Published: June 2019

The spacing of spur dikes is an important consideration for the layout of spur dike channels. This study focuses on the local scour morphology and flow field characteristics of spur dikes with different spacings. The results show that the maximum scour depth is generally found in the vicinity of the first spur dike head. With the increase of the spacing of spur dikes, the shielding effect of the first spur dike is weakened. The maximum velocity in the main flow zone is twice that of the approach flow velocity in the fixed bed. But it is approximately the same as the incoming velocity in equilibrium scouring. The maximum turbulent energy appears to be mainly located in the backflow area of the fourth spur dike in the fixed bed, while the maximum value appears at the second spur dike head in the movable bed. Further, the shear stress decreases as scouring develops. Pearson correlation analysis was carried out between scour depth and shear stress. The analysis results are significantly correlated, indicating that the bed shear stress plays a prominent role in the scouring process. These discoveries can serve as a guide to determine the most reasonable spacing of spur dikes.
ZONE-Based Multi-Access Edge Computing Scheme for User Device Mobility Management
Authors: Lee Juyong , Kim Daeyoub , Lee Jihoon
Published: June 2019

Recently, new mobile applications and services have appeared thanks to the rapid development of mobile devices and mobile network technology. Cloud computing has played an important role over the past decades, providing powerful computing capabilities and high-capacity storage space to efficiently deliver these mobile services to mobile users. Nevertheless, existing cloud computing delegates computing to a cloud server located at a relatively long distance, resulting in significant delays due to additional time to return processing results from a cloud server. These unnecessary delays are inconvenient for mobile users because they are not suitable for applications that require a real-time service environment. To cope with these problems, a new computing concept called Multi-Access Edge Computing (MEC) has emerged. Instead of sending all requests to the central cloud to handle mobile users’ requests, the MEC brings computing power and storage resources to the edge of the mobile network. It enables the mobile user device to run the real-time applications that are sensitive to latency to meet the strict requirements. However, there is a lack of research on the efficient utilization of computing resources and mobility support when mobile users move in the MEC environment. In this paper, we propose the MEC-based mobility management scheme that arranges MEC server (MECS) as the concept of Zone so that mobile users can continue to receive content and use server resources efficiently even when they move. The results show that the proposed scheme reduce the average service delay compared to the existing MEC scheme. In addition, the proposed scheme outperforms the existing MEC scheme because mobile users can continuously receive services, even when they move frequently.
A Study of the Characteristics of Vertical Cloud Base Height Distribution over Eastern China
Authors: Xu Jiwei , Liu Dong , Wang Zhenzhu , Wu Decheng , Yu Siqi , Wang Yingjian
Published: June 2019

Cloud is an important factor that affects weather and climate, and the vertical distribution of cloud determines its role in the atmospheric radiation transfer process. In this paper, the characteristics of different cloud types and their vertical cloud base height distributions over Eastern China are investigated with a four-year 2B-CLDCLASS-LIDAR product. The intercomparison of cloud base height distribution from ground-based lidar, CloudSat and CALIPSO measurements was studied with observations over the Hefei and Jinhua areas. The 2B-CLDCLASS-LIDAR product has the potential to uncover geographical and seasonal changes in cloud base height distribution over the Hefei area and Jinhua area, which may be beneficial for local climate models, although the CPR on CloudSat suffers from surface clutter or blind-zones. The results show that for non-precipitation cloud over the defined region (Eastern China), the occurrence frequencies of altocumulus, stratocumulus, and cirrus clouds are 29.4%, 21.0%, and 18.9%, respectively. The vertical occurrence frequencies of their cloud base heights are 0.5–8.5 km, below 3.5 km, and 5.5–17.0 km. The precipitation clouds are dominated by nimbostratus (48.4%), cumulus (17.9%), and deep convective clouds (24.2%), and their cloud base heights are all below 3.0 km. The cloud base height distributions have large differences below 3 km between the satellite measurement and ground-based measurement over Hefei site. Between the Hefei site and Jinhua site, the difference in cloud base height distribution measured by ground-based lidar is in good agreement with that measured by satellite over their matched grid boxes. Over the Hefei site, the vertical occurrence frequencies of cloud base height measured by ground-based lidar are higher than the satellite measurement within 0–0.5 km during all the seasons. It is suggested that more cloudy days may result from the sufficient water vapor environment in Hefei. In summer, the occurrence frequency of the cloud base height distribution at a height of 0–2.0 km is lower than other seasons over Jinhua city, which may be associated with the local weather system. Over the Jinhua site, the difference in seasonal cloud base height distribution based on satellite is in good agreement with that based on ground-based lidar. However, it does not appear over Hefei site. Thus, a multi-platform observation of cloud base height seems to be one of the essential ways for improvement in the observation of cloud macroscopic properties.
Comparison of PM10 Sources Profiles at 15 French Sites Using a Harmonized Constrained Positive Matrix Factorization Approach
Authors: Weber Samuël , Salameh Dalia , Albinet Alexandre , Alleman Laurent Y. , Waked Antoine , Besombes Jean-Luc , Jacob Véronique , Guillaud Géraldine , Meshbah Boualem , Rocq Benoit , Hulin Agnès , Dominik-Sègue Marta , Chrétien Eve , Jaffrezo Jean-Luc , Favez Olivier
Published: June 2019

Receptor-oriented models, including positive matrix factorization (PMF) analyses, are now commonly used to elaborate and/or evaluate action plans to improve air quality. In this context, the SOURCES project has been set-up to gather and investigate in a harmonized way 15 datasets of chemical compounds from PM10 collected for PMF studies during a five-year period (2012–2016) in France. The present paper aims at giving an overview of the results obtained within this project, notably illustrating the behavior of key primary sources as well as focusing on their statistical robustness and representativeness. Overall, wood burning for residential heating as well as road transport were confirmed to be the two main primary sources strongly influencing PM10 loadings across the country. While wood burning profiles, as well as those dominated by secondary inorganic aerosols, present a rather good homogeneity among the sites investigated, some significant variabilities were observed for primary traffic factors, illustrating the need to better characterize the diversity of the various vehicle exhaust and non-exhaust emissions. Finally, natural sources, such as sea salts (widely observed in internal mixing with anthropogenic compounds), primary biogenic aerosols and/or terrigenous particles, were also found as non-negligible PM10 components at every investigated site.
Machine Learning for Molecular Modelling in Drug Design
Authors: Ballester Pedro J.
Published: June 2019

Machine learning (ML) has become a crucial component of early drug discovery [...]
Four Social Brain Regions, Their Dysfunctions, and Sequelae, Extensively Explain Autism Spectrum Disorder Symptomatology
Authors: Weston Charles S. E.
Published: June 2019

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a challenging neurodevelopmental disorder with symptoms in social, language, sensory, motor, cognitive, emotional, repetitive behavior, and self-sufficient living domains. The important research question examined is the elucidation of the pathogenic neurocircuitry that underlies ASD symptomatology in all its richness and heterogeneity. The presented model builds on earlier social brain research, and hypothesizes that four social brain regions largely drive ASD symptomatology: amygdala, orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), temporoparietal cortex (TPC), and insula. The amygdala’s contributions to ASD largely derive from its major involvement in fine-grained intangible knowledge representations and high-level guidance of gaze. In addition, disrupted brain regions can drive disturbance of strongly interconnected brain regions to produce further symptoms. These and related effects are proposed to underlie abnormalities of the visual cortex, inferior frontal gyrus (IFG), caudate nucleus, and hippocampus as well as associated symptoms. The model is supported by neuroimaging, neuropsychological, neuroanatomical, cellular, physiological, and behavioral evidence. Collectively, the model proposes a novel, parsimonious, and empirically testable account of the pathogenic neurocircuitry of ASD, an extensive account of its symptomatology, a novel physiological biomarker with potential for earlier diagnosis, and novel experiments to further elucidate the mechanisms of brain abnormalities and symptomatology in ASD.
Design and Validation of a Gene-Targeted, Next-Generation Sequencing Panel for Routine Diagnosis in Gliomas
Authors: D’Haene Nicky , Meléndez Bárbara , Blanchard Oriane , De Nève Nancy , Lebrun Laetitia , Van Campenhout Claude , Salmon Isabelle
Published: June 2019

The updated 2016 World Health Organization (WHO) classification system for gliomas integrates molecular alterations and histology to provide a greater diagnostic and prognostic utility than the previous, histology-based classification. The increasing number of markers that are tested in a correct diagnostic procedure makes gene-targeted, next-generation sequencing (NGS) a powerful tool in routine pathology practice. We designed a 14-gene NGS panel specifically aimed at the diagnosis of glioma, which allows simultaneous detection of mutations and copy number variations, including the 1p/19q-codeletion and Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) amplification. To validate this panel, we used reference mutated DNAs, nontumor and non-glioma samples, and 52 glioma samples that were previously characterized. The panel was then prospectively applied to 91 brain lesions. A specificity of 100% and sensitivity of 99.4% was achieved for mutation detection. Orthogonal methods, such as in situ hybridization and immunohistochemical techniques, were used for validation, which showed high concordance. The molecular alterations that were identified allowed diagnosis according to the updated WHO criteria, and helped in the differential diagnosis of difficult cases. This NGS panel is an accurate and sensitive method, which could replace multiple tests for the same sample. Moreover, it is a rapid and cost-effective approach that can be easily implemented in the routine diagnosis of gliomas.
Mass and Heat Transfer Coefficients in Automotive Exhaust Catalytic Converter Channels
Authors: Templis Chrysovalantis C. , Papayannakos Nikos G.
Published: June 2019

Mass and heat transfer coefficients (MTC and HTC) in automotive exhaust catalytic monolith channels are estimated and correlated for a wide range of gas velocities and prevailing conditions of small up to real size converters. The coefficient estimation is based on a two dimensional computational fluid dynamic (2-D CFD) model developed in Comsol Multiphysics, taking into account catalytic rates of a real catalytic converter. The effect of channel size and reaction rates on mass and heat transfer coefficients and the applicability of the proposed correlations at different conditions are discussed. The correlations proposed predict very satisfactorily the mass and heat transfer coefficients calculated from the 2-D CFD model along the channel length. The use of a one dimensional (1-D) simplified model that couples a plug flow reactor (PFR) with mass transport and heat transport effects using the mass and heat transfer correlations of this study is proved to be appropriate for the simulation of the monolith channel operation.
Catalytic Degradation of Textile Wastewater Effluent by Peroxide Oxidation Assisted by UV Light Irradiation
Authors: Sarto Sarto , Paesal Paesal , Tanyong Irine Bellina , Laksmana William Teja , Prasetya Agus , Ariyanto Teguh
Published: June 2019

Textile industries produce a complex wastewater which is difficult to be treated. In this work, a catalytic degradation of wastewater effluent composed of sulphur black coloring agent discharged by industry was studied. UV lamp power, peroxide concentration, pH, and iron oxide catalyst were varied to determine the best conditions for oxidative treatment. Kinetic parameters were evaluated based on the reaction model proposed. In the absence of iron oxide catalyst, chemical oxygen demand (COD) and biological oxygen demand (BOD) degradation of up to 80% and 75%, respectively, were observed as resulting from using an H2O2 concentration of 0.61 moles/L, UV lamp power of 30 watts, and pH of 6. When using an iron oxide catalyst combined with UV light irradiation, the degradation rate could be increased significantly, while similar final COD and BOD degradation percentages resulted. It is found that the reaction rate order was shifted from first order to second order when using an H2O2/UV/Fe2O3 system. The results could be an alternative for treating textile industry wastewater, and the parameters obtained can be used for equipment scale-up.
Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor Signaling in Skin Cancers
Authors: Czyz Malgorzata
Published: June 2019

Fibroblast growth factor (FGF)/Fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) signaling regulates various cellular processes during the embryonic development and in the adult organism. In the skin, fibroblasts and keratinocytes control proliferation and survival of melanocytes in a paracrine manner via several signaling molecules, including FGFs. FGF/FGFR signaling contributes to the skin surface expansion in childhood or during wound healing, and skin protection from UV light damage. Aberrant FGF/FGFR signaling has been implicated in many disorders, including cancer. In melanoma cells, the FGFR expression is low, probably because of the strong endogenous mutation-driven constitutive activation of the downstream mitogen-activated protein kinase-extracellular signal-regulated kinase (MAPK-ERK) signaling pathway. FGFR1 is exceptional as it is expressed in the majority of melanomas at a high level. Melanoma cells that acquired the capacity to synthesize FGFs can influence the neighboring cells in the tumor niche, such as endothelial cells, fibroblasts, or other melanoma cells. In this way, FGF/FGFR signaling contributes to intratumoral angiogenesis, melanoma cell survival, and development of resistance to therapeutics. Therefore, inhibitors of aberrant FGF/FGFR signaling are considered as drugs in combination treatment. The ongoing LOGIC-2 phase II clinical trial aims to find out whether targeting the FGF/FGFR signaling pathway with BGJ398 may be a good therapeutic strategy in melanoma patients who develop resistance to v-Raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog B (BRAF)/MEK inhibitors.
Development of Novel and Highly Specific ssDNA-Aptamer-Based Electrochemical Biosensor for Rapid Detection of Mercury (II) and Lead (II) Ions in Water
Authors: Abu-Ali Hisham , Nabok Alexei , Smith Thomas
Published: June 2019

In this work, we report on the development of an electrochemical biosensor for high selectivity and rapid detection of Hg2+ and Pb2+ ions using DNA-based specific aptamer probes labeled with ferrocene (or methylene blue) and thiol groups at their 5′ and 3′ termini, respectively. Aptamers were immobilized onto the surface of screen-printed gold electrodes via the SH (thiol) groups, and then cyclic voltammetry and impedance spectra measurements were performed in buffer solutions with the addition of HgCl2 and PbCl2 salts at different concentrations. Changes in 3D conformation of aptamers, caused by binding their respective targets, e.g., Hg2+ and Pb2+ ions, were accompanied by an increase in the electron transfer between the redox label and the electrode. Accordingly, the presence of the above ions can be detected electrochemically. The detection of Hg2+ and Pb2+ ions in a wide range of concentrations as low as 0.1 ng/mL (or 0.1 ppb) was achieved. The study of the kinetics of aptamer/heavy metal ions binding gave the values of the affinity constants of approximately 9.10−7 mol, which proved the high specificity of the aptamers used.
Energy-Dependent RBS Channelling Analysis of Epitaxial ZnO Layers Grown on ZnO by RF-Magnetron Sputtering
Authors: Wittkämper Florian , Bikowski André , Ellmer Klaus , Gärtner Konrad , Wendler Elke
Published: June 2019

The transparent conducting oxides ZnO and ZnO:Al are interesting materials for a wide range of applications. Several of these applications need a large area, single crystalline, and specially doped thin layers. A common technique for the fabrication of those layers is RF (radio frequency) -magnetron sputtering. The investigation of the crystal quality of such layers requires methods of analysis that are destruction free and that are able to obtain information about the concentration and type of defects versus depth. One such option is the Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy (RBS) in channelling mode. In this work, we exploit the channelling effect and its energy dependence, which are sensitive to the type of defects. By using appropriate software and measuring RBS channelling spectra with different beam energies, we were able to determine the depth distribution of point defects and dislocation loops. The presence of dislocation loops was proven using other previously applied analysis methods. The main advantage of RBS in channelling mode is the quantification of point defects, which can be important for defining the electrical and optical properties of such layers. The technique demonstrated is applicable to other defective crystals or thin crystalline layers.
Development of Graphical Interface Simulator of Advanced Wastewater Treatment Design Process for Teaching, Learning, and Assessment
Authors: Albani Aliashim , Ibrahim Mohd Zamri
Published: June 2019

This paper presents the concept of check and balance approach in teachıng, learning and assessment processes with the development of a graphical interface tool to solve an advanced wastewater treatment design problem. The developed graphical interface improves the quality of teaching, learning, and the assessment of both, understanding the calculation approaches, as well as understanding the concepts. The tool acts as a calculator or a simulator of a unit converter, population equivalent, designing sewerage systems and selected unit processes of advanced wastewater treatment. A close-ended survey assessment was conducted with a total of 49 respondents who were the registered students for the subject of advanced wastewater treatment. About 79% of respondents agreed that it was hard to score a high mark in the advanced wastewater treatment exam. However, 100% of respondents agreed that the tool could help them to accelerate their understanding of the subject topic. All things considered, the findings of this study show that the developed tool is a potential tool that can aid in the teaching, learning, and assessment processes of any difficult subject that is taught in higher-learning institutions.
A Frequentist Alternative to Significance Testing, p-Values, and Confidence Intervals
Authors: Trafimow David
Published: June 2019

There has been much debate about null hypothesis significance testing, p-values without null hypothesis significance testing, and confidence intervals. The first major section of the present article addresses some of the main reasons these procedures are problematic. The conclusion is that none of them are satisfactory. However, there is a new procedure, termed the a priori procedure (APP), that validly aids researchers in obtaining sample statistics that have acceptable probabilities of being close to their corresponding population parameters. The second major section provides a description and review of APP advances. Not only does the APP avoid the problems that plague other inferential statistical procedures, but it is easy to perform too. Although the APP can be performed in conjunction with other procedures, the present recommendation is that it be used alone.
Future Generation 5G Wireless Networks for Smart Grid: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: S Sofana Reka. , Dragičević Tomislav , Siano Pierluigi , Prabaharan S.R. Sahaya
Published: June 2019

Wireless cellular networks are emerging to take a strong stand in attempts to achieve pervasive large scale obtainment, communication, and processing with the evolution of the fifth generation (5G) network. Both the present day cellular technologies and the evolving new age 5G are considered to be advantageous for the smart grid. The 5G networks exhibit relevant services for critical and timely applications for greater aspects in the smart grid. In the present day electricity markets, 5G provides new business models to the energy providers and improves the way the utility communicates with the grid systems. In this work, a complete analysis and a review of the 5G network and its vision regarding the smart grid is exhibited. The work discusses the present day wireless technologies, and the architectural changes for the past years are shown. Furthermore, to understand the user-based analyses in a smart grid, a detailed analysis of 5G architecture with the grid perspectives is exhibited. The current status of 5G networks in a smart grid with a different analysis for energy efficiency is vividly explained in this work. Furthermore, focus is emphasized on future reliable smart grid communication with future roadmaps and challenges to be faced. The complete work gives an in-depth understanding of 5G networks as they pertain to future smart grids as a comprehensive analysis.
PMSG-Based Black-Start Technology and Its Field Tests
Authors: Tan Min-gang , Tang Yi , Zhang Chaohai
Published: June 2019

It is of great importance for power grids to have black-start capability for rapid recovery, and there is great theoretical significance and practical application value in studying how to use wind farms as the black-start power supply source for power grids with large-scale renewable energy generation. In this paper, a black-start scheme using a permanent-magnet synchronous generator (PMSG)-based wind farm as black-start power supply source is formulated. First, a diesel generator is used as an external supporting power supply for the self-start of a wind power unit (WPU). Then, after all the planned WPUs operate normally, the wind farm with the diesel generator and static var generator (SVG) is used to black start the simulated auxiliary load of a thermal power plant. A field test of the proposed black-start scheme is carried out on an actual wind farm in Jiangsu Province (China). The results of the field test show that wind farms can act as a black-start power supply source for the grid after appropriate technological transformation.
Design Methodology of Tightly Regulated Dual-Output LLC Resonant Converter Using PFM-APWM Hybrid Control Method
Authors: Park HwaPyeong , Kim Mina , Kim HakSun , Jung JeeHoon
Published: June 2019

A dual-output LLC resonant converter using pulse frequency modulation (PFM) and asymmetrical pulse width modulation (APWM) can achieve tight output voltage regulation, high power density, and high cost-effectiveness. However, an improper resonant tank design cannot achieve tight cross regulation of the dual-output channels at the worst-case load conditions. In addition, proper magnetizing inductance is required to achieve zero voltage switching (ZVS) of the power MOSFETs in the LLC resonant converter. In this paper, voltage gain of modulation methods and steady state operations are analyzed to implement the hybrid control method. In addition, the operation of the hybrid control algorithm is analyzed to achieve tight cross regulation performance. From this analysis, the design methodology of the resonant tank and the magnetizing inductance are proposed to compensate the output error of both outputs and to achieve ZVS over the entire load range. The cross regulation performance is verified with simulation and experimental results using a 190 W prototype converter.
Towards the Text Compression Based Feature Extraction in High Impedance Fault Detection
Authors: Vantuch Tomáš , Prílepok Michal , Fulneček Jan , Hrbáč Roman , Mišák Stanislav
Published: June 2019

High impedance faults of medium voltage overhead lines with covered conductors can be identified by the presence of partial discharges. Despite it is a subject of research for more than 60 years, online partial discharges detection is always a challenge, especially in environment with heavy background noise. In this paper, a new approach for partial discharge pattern recognition is presented. All results were obtained on data, acquired from real 22 kV medium voltage overhead power line with covered conductors. The proposed method is based on a text compression algorithm and it serves as a signal similarity estimation, applied for the first time on partial discharge pattern. Its relevancy is examined by three different variations of classification model. The improvement gained on an already deployed model proves its quality.
Natural Convection of Non-Newtonian Power-Law Fluid in a Square Cavity with a Heat-Generating Element
Authors: Loenko Darya S. , Shenoy Aroon , Sheremet Mikhail A.
Published: June 2019

Development of modern technology in microelectronics and power engineering necessitates the creation of effective cooling systems. This is made possible by the use of the special fins technology within the cavity or special heat transfer liquids in order to intensify the heat removal from the heat-generating elements. The present work is devoted to the mathematical modeling of thermogravitational convection of a non-Newtonian fluid in a closed square cavity with a local source of internal volumetric heat generation. The behavior of the fluid is described by the Ostwald-de Waele power law model. The defining Navier–Stokes equations written using the dimensionless stream function, vorticity and temperature are solved using the finite difference method. The effects of the Rayleigh number, power-law index, and thermal conductivity ratio on heat transfer and the flow structure are studied. The obtained results are presented in the form of isolines of the stream function and temperature, as well as the dependences of the average Nusselt number and average temperature on the governing parameters.
Management of Tropical River Basins and Reservoirs under Water Stress: Experiences from Northeast Brazil
Authors: Marques Érika Tavares , Gunkel Günter , Sobral Maria Carmo
Published: June 2019

Due to global warming, a reduction in available water will occur in many watersheds and conflicts concerning water use will take place. This situation is already typical in semi-arid areas, where many reservoirs have been constructed for water storage. Increased energy demands and climate change have led to severe and increasing pressure on aquatic systems. Today, the environmental policies of many countries, such as Brazil, give priority to constructing new reservoirs for hydropower use, and an adopted reservoir and river basin management plan must minimize environmental impacts. Moreover, the production of energy plants will promote more requirements for new dam projects. The Itaparica reservoir is 30 years old, located in the São Francisco river in Northeast Brazil, and is the focus of an environmental study. The article focus of investigations is on the environmental and social impacts after the construction of Itaparica reservoir, governance difficulties, and adopted actions to minimize those impacts. Significant environmental impacts are recognizable, such as increased sedimentation in the inflow area, damage to the lakeshore zone by operational water level variation, water losses by evaporation and infiltration, and degradation of inundated vegetation. Furthermore, a trophic upsurge has been registered with severe eutrophication processes, such as the occurrence of cyanobacteria, oxygen deficit in the hypolimnion, and mass development of macrophytes (Egeria densa). With the creation of the dam there was compulsory displacement of the population of the municipalities around Itaparica reservoir with consequent difficulties of adaptation in the new spaces. Furthermore, there was de-structuring of social relation networks, loss of arable land and improvements, and small and insufficient indemnities for land. In this context, concepts for an advanced reservoir management under consideration of water scarcity are presented and discussed. This study aims to contribute to sustainable reservoir management
Designer Biochars Impact on Corn Grain Yields, Biomass Production, and Fertility Properties of a Highly-Weathered Ultisol
Authors: Novak Jeffrey M. , Sigua Gilbert C. , Ducey Thomas F. , Watts Donald W. , Stone Kenneth C.
Published: June 2019

There are mixed reports for biochars’ ability to increase corn grain and biomass yields. The objectives of this experiment were to conduct a three-year corn (Zea mays L.) grain and biomass production evaluation to determine soil fertility characteristics after designer biochars were applied to a highly weathered Ultisol. The amendments, which consisted of biochars and compost, were produced from 100% pine chips (PC); 100% poultry litter (PL); PC:PL 2:1 blend; PC mixed 2:1 with raw switchgrass (Panicum virgatum; rSG) compost; and 100% rSG compost. All treatments were applied at 30,000 kg/ha to a Goldsboro loam sandy (Fine-loamy, siliceous, sub-active, thermic Aquic Paleudult). Annual topsoil samples were collected in 5-cm depth increments (0 to 15-cm deep) and pH was measured along with Mehlich 1 phosphorus (M1 P) and potassium (M1 K) contents. After three years of corn production, there was no significant improvement in the annual mean corn grain or biomass yields. Biochar, which was applied from PL and PC:PL 2:1 blend, significantly increased M1 P and M1 K concentrations down to 10-cm deep, while the other biochar and compost treatments showed mixed results when the soil pH was modified. Our results demonstrated that designer biochar additions did not accompany higher corn grain and biomass productivity.