bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Different Pretreatment Methods to Increase Hydrogen Production from Cornstalk
Authors: Varrone Cristiano , Zhao Lei , Cao Guang Li , Sheng Tao , Ren Nan Qi , Wang Ai Jie
Published: August 2013

Lignocellulosic biomass can be an ideal feedstock for fermentative hydrogen production if properly pretreated and hydrolyzed. In this research, to enhance hydrogen production from cornstalk, acid and alkali pretreatments were performed. Alkali pretreatment was conducted at 80°C for 60 min and room temperature for 7 days with the addition of 4% NaOH; acid pretreatments at 190°C, and 120°C for 10 min and 120 min, respectively, with the addition of 1.7% H2SO4. All the chemical components change of the substrates was detected. The highest lignin reduction of 75.6%, compared to untreated samples, was found at 80°C with 4% NaOH dosage. Under this pretreatment condition, highest increase in reducing sugar and hydrogen yield (up to 11.8 g/L and 71.8 ml/g-pretreated cornstalk) was obtained. The present results suggested an efficient pretreatment method to increase hydrogen production from lignocellulosic biomass.
Experimental Investigation of Biomass Slag Deposit on the Surface of Super-Heaters
Authors: Shi Fei , An Lu , Sun Bao Min
Published: August 2013

Growing attention had been drawn to the use of biomass as fuel for electricity generation in China. However, as a fairly new imported technology in localization, it had met serious problems with slagging and fouling of the super-heaters. The slag deposit on the first super-heaters in a biomass boiler was characterized by XRD, SEM-EDS and XRF to make clear the reason for the slag deposit. According to the results, alkali metal such as K, Na and Ca were predominant in the slag deposit. NaCl and KCl in the form of halite and sylvite were confirmed by XRD.
Single Cell Oil and Lipid-Producing Microorganism
Authors: Zhao Chun Hai , Li Zheng Qing , Sun Guo Rong , Tang Xu Ri , Shi Wen Shan , Liu Zhi Gang
Published: August 2013

Single cell oil have been researched many years, the paper introduced the single cell oil and the main of microorganism which can produce the lipid, including bacteria, yeast, fungi and algae, single cell oil is benefit to the food industry and the bio-energy in the future.
The Advancement of Algal Biomass: A Review
Authors: Zheng Guo Chen , Liu Shu Li , Wei Li , Jha Ajay Kumar , Zhang Li Guo , Zhang Duo Ying
Published: August 2013

Renewable energy sources such as biomass are becoming more and more important as alternative to fossil fuels. One of the most exciting new sources of biomass is microalgae. One of the major obstacles in the commercial production of microalgae as feedstock for biomass-to-liquid fuels, is the development of energy efficient and cost effective harvesting methods for the separation of micro-algal biomass from its growth medium. The problem of water shortage and lack of energy have become key restricting factors for the economic development of the world. Biomass energy due to its renewability, low pollution and other advantages is considered as the most potential products to alleviate the water pollution and energy crisis. Algae, the third generation of biomass, have many advantages such as wide distribution, high oil content, strong environment adaptability, short growth cycle and low production cost. Thus the use of algae biomass has attracted more and more attention. This paper describes the progress of the algae biomass energy research, the key issues and trends in the industrial process.
Experimental Study on Combustion Characteristics of Biomass Charcoal in Air and O2/CO2 Atmosphere
Authors: Wang Yong Jia , Han Kui Hua , Li Hui , Zhao Jian Li
Published: August 2013

The effect of temperature on the charcoal yield of cornstalk carbonization was investigated in a flow tube furnace. Thermogravimetic analysis was used to study the combustion characteristics of cornstalk and charcoal in air and O2/CO2 atmosphere respectively. Characteristics parameters were calculated and analyzed, including ignition temperature, peak temperature, maximum weight loss rate, burnout temperature, average burning rate and burning characteristics index. Results show that the charcoal yield of carbonization decreases with rising temperature. The combustion characteristics of cornstalk in air atmosphere are better than that in O2/CO2 atmosphere. However, the combustion characteristics of charcoal are better in O2/CO2 atmosphere.
Comprehensive Utilization of Solar Energy and Building Energy Saving
Authors: Gong Zi Qiang , Zhang Bo Yang , Zhang Yun Peng
Published: August 2013

Starting from the present situation of energy in China, we discuss how to improve building energy efficiency through comprehensive utilization of solar-energy (SE). Moreover, we study how to adapt the multi-function system for SE, which not only can be used for solar refrigeration but also for solar heating and hot water supply.
The Dynamic Interactional Model of SVC and DFIG to Maintain Grid Voltage
Authors: Li Jun You , Liu Wen Ying , Wang Wei , Fu Jia Yu , Wang Ning Bo
Published: August 2013

This paper mainly introduces the dynamic interactional model of SVC and DFIG to ensure the stability of the voltage when wind power generator access to grid massively. Firstly, we analysis the control characteristics based on the dynamic model of SVC and DFIG. Based on the characteristics we establish the dynamic interactional model of them. By using a simplified model of wind power access to the grid, we prove that the voltage of the access point to the grid will stay in the reasonable range through the interaction of SVC and DFIG providing reactive power when the wind power output fluctuates. The conclusion is proved by simulating calculation of a real regional power grid.
Coordinated Control of Large Scale Offshore Wind Farms Integrating into VSC-HVDC System
Authors: Jiang Neng Qian , Xie Yi Feng
Published: August 2013

VSC-HVDC has become prior transmission way in delivering off-shore wind power. This paper studies offshore wind system based on DFIG (Doubly Fed Induction Generator) wind turbine. The control strategy of the system during the normal and fault condition are studied. In the normal condition, the GSVSC are operated by controlling constant frequency, voltage and phases. During the fault condition, the GSVSC converted to limit current model and dc voltage link are controlled by DFIG-RSC converter. These control strategies are validated in good performance in PSCAD/EMTDC platform.
Fuzzy Comprehensive Appraisal of China’s Offshore Wind Industry Competitiveness Based on SWOT
Authors: Liu Ji Cheng , Li Ye , Liu Jun Li
Published: August 2013

Offshore wind power is expected to increase significantly in the near future. This document use the method combined the SWOT and fuzzy comprehensive appraisal to analyze China’s offshore wind industry competitiveness. Firstly, perform qualitative analysis by SWOT and then use fuzzy comprehensive appraisal to transfer qualitative analysis to quantitative analysis for a more objective and accurate evaluation. The final evaluation results show that China’s offshore wind industry is competitive. And China should actively and steadily promote the development of offshore wind industry while should pay attention to draw experience and lessons from onshore wind power.
Modeling and Simulation of Variable-Pitch Wind Power Generation System
Authors: Yang Xiao Hong , Chen Chun
Published: August 2013

in this work, a model for variable-pitch wind power generation controller system is set up. The model is simulated under MATLAB / Simulink environment. The simulation result shows that adding adjustable variable-pitch wind turbine can significantly improves the stability of the generator speed and output power. This work can provide a reference for correlative study on wind power generation system.
Numerical Simulation of Influence with Surface Contamination on Aerodynamic Performance of Dedicated Wind Turbine Airfoil
Authors: Wu Pan , Li Chun , Li Zhi Min
Published: August 2013

A Numerical simulation on the influence of airfoil surface contamination on the aerodynamic performance of wind turbines was performed. It chose the dedicated wind turbine airfoil as the research object. The k-ω Shear Stress Transmission (SST) turbulence model was selected for CFD calculation. The roughness height which arranged evenly on the airfoil was changed from 0.03mm to 2.0mm to obtain the sensitive roughness. The airfoil was divided into 18 sections for analyzing the effect on the lift & the drag coefficient, due to various locations of sensitive roughness. By comparing the result computed by XFOIL and CFD calculation, it can be known this airfoils sensitive locations in suction surface and pressure surface. The sensitive locations in suction surface were 53% and 92% from the chord line towards the leading edge, while 44% and 88% in pressure surface. The sensitive roughness in sensitive locations delayed the location of the transition point.
Running State Study on Wind-Driven Generator Gearbox
Authors: Yang Wen Zhi , Li Hua , Chen Wen Jun
Published: August 2013

Actual survey the vibration data of domestically produced megawatt level wind-driven generator gearbox at different rotational speeds, Extract the parameters of time-domain characteristic, analyze the three dimensional frequency spectrum through the MATLAB software, contrast two same model, same specification wind-driven generator's vibration situation, identify the resonance area of wind-driven generator, and determine the existence of one of the generators shaft misalignment fault. Provide a reliable basis for the safe operation of wind-driven generator.
Study on Wind Speed Forecasting Based on STC and BP Neural Network
Authors: Liu Xing Jie , Zheng Wen Shu , Cen Tian Yun
Published: August 2013

Accurate wind speed forecasting of wind farm is of great significance in economic security and stability of the grid. In order to improve the prediction accuracy, the paper first proposed a spatio-temporal correlation predictor method. Based on physical characteristics of wind speed evolution, the method looked for the wind speed and direction information at sites close to the target prediction site, and established STCP model to forecast. And then we established the BP neural network to finish multi-step forecast with wind speed time series of target forecast site .Last, two methods were combined to form STCP-BP method. Simulation tests are conducted with operation data from certain wind farm group in China and results show that STCP-BP method can effectively improve the prediction accuracy compared with BP model.
Challenges Facing Hydrogen Fuel Cell Technology to Replace Combustion Engines
Authors: Calay R. K. , Mustafa Mohamad Y. , Mustafa Mahmoud F.
Published: August 2013

In this paper; technological challenges and commercialization barriers for Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) fuel cell are presented. Initially, the criteria that must be met by the energy source of the future is presented from the point of view of the authors. Sustainability, high energy content and combustion independence are recognized as the main decisive factor of future fuels, which are all met by hydrogen, consequently the application of fuel cells as combustion free direct energy converters of the future. Fuel cell technology as an alternative to heat engines is discussed in the context of the current status of fuel cells in various applications. Finally, the challenges facing fuel cell technology to replace heat engines from the commercial and research points of view are presented and discussed supported by current trends in the industry. It is concluded that there have been several advancements and breakthrough in materials, manufacturing and fabricating techniques of fuel cells since the eighties, many of these challenges which are associated with cost and durability still exist when compared with the already matured technology of internal combustion engines. Any effort to achieve these goals would be a significant contribution to the technology of the fuel cell.
Effects of CO on Performance of HT-PEM Fuel Cells
Authors: Zhao Xue Nan , Sun Hong , Li Zhi Jie
Published: August 2013

High temperature proton exchange membrane (HT-PEM) fuel cell is considered as one of the most probable fuel cells to be large-scale applied due to characteristics of high efficiency, friendly to environment, low fuel requirement, ease water and heat management, and so on. However, carbon monoxide (CO) content in fuel plays an important role in the performance of HT-PEM fuel cells. Volt-ampere characteristics and AC impedance of HT-PEM fuel cell are tested experimentally in this paper, and effects of CO in fuel on its performance are analyzed. The experimental results show that CO in fuel increases remarkably the Faraday resistance of HT-PEM fuel cell and decreases the electrochemical reaction at anode; the more CO content in fuel is, the less HT-PEM fuel cell performance is; with the increasing cell temperature, the electrochemical reaction on the surface of catalyst at anode is improved and the poisonous effects on the HT-PEM fuel cell are alleviated.
Investigation into Hydrogen Production in Hydrolysis of Sodium Borohydride in the Presence of Co-La-B Catalyst
Authors: Chang Jing , Du Fang Lin
Published: August 2013

The hydrolysis reaction of sodium borohydride (NaBH4) can generate highly pure hydrogen. In this paper, the Co-La-B catalyst is prepared using the simple chemical reduction method. Its catalytic reactivity is studied for different NaBH4 concentrations, NaOH concentrations, the catalyst amounts and the reacting temperatures. For both NaBH4 concentration and NaOH concentration, the hydrogen generation rate climbs to the peak when they stay around 8 wt.%. The hydrogen generation rate can also be promoted by increasing the catalyst amount and raising the reacting temperature. Structural characterizations of the catalysts are performed from SEM and XRD photos. The value of activation energy for the hydrogen generation process is calculated to be 42.33 kJ/mol and it compares favorably with some other previously reported values.
Visible Light Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution from Water Reduction Using Eosin y Containing Trace Vitamin B12 as a Light Harvesting Unit
Authors: Zhang Li , Zhou Qin , Kang Shi Zhao , Li Xiang Qing , Mu Jin
Published: August 2013

A visible light photocatalytic system consisting of Eosin Y containing trace vitamin B12 (VB12) as a light harvesting unit, multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) as an electron transfer channel and CuO as a hydrogen evolution center (abbreviated to Eosin Y/VB12-MWCNTs-CuO) was prepared on the basis of the synergistic effect between Eosin Y and VB12 under visible light irradiation. The Eosin Y/VB12-MWCNTs-CuO system exhibits a higher photocatalytic activity of hydrogen evolution than the Eosin Y-MWCNTs-CuO system. The improvement of the photocatalytic activity is probably due to the effective transfer of photogenerated electrons and stabilization of VB12 to excited Eosin Y.
Thermal Security Analysis of Lithium-Ion Batteries Based on Electro-Thermal Modeling
Authors: Wang Zi Jun , Zhu Zhao Xuan , Ma Yu Hong
Published: August 2013

The power lithium-ion battery with its high specific energy, high theoretical capacity and good cycle-life is a prime candidate as a power source for electric vehicles (EVs) and hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs). Sacurity is especially important for large-scale lithium-ion batteries, especially the thermal analysis is essential for their development and design. Mathematical model and thermal model for Li-ion battery were built to analyze the effects of discharge rate on the peak temperature and on the homogeneity of temperature field, and to compare the calculated and the simulated results.
The Study on Technology of Ocean Wave Energy Generation
Authors: Ye Sheng , Wang Wei Jun , Li Bing , Mao Long Bo
Published: August 2013

As a source of a clean green renewable new energy, wave power generation is paid much attention by more countries while the decrease of the amount of the energy day by day. The conversion technology in the field of wave energy has tended to mature. Now it is running into commercial exploitation leve1. In this paper, the fundamental principles of ocean wave energy generation technology are presented. The classification and present situation of ocean wave power generation device are introduced. At last, some possible directions and prospects of wave energy generation technology are expatiated.
Hard Carbon Prepared from Willow Leaves Using as Anode Materials for Li-Ion Batteries
Authors: Sun Shuai , Wang Cheng Yang , Chen Ming Ming , Li Ming Wei
Published: August 2013

Leaves, which are very easy to obtain freely, can be used as raw materials to prepare carbon materials. In this paper, we found that hard carbon can be prepared from willow leaves by one-step carbonization. When the hard carbon was used as anode materials for Li-ion batteries, the revisable capacity of the hard carbon was 230-260 mAhg-1 at the current density of 37.2 mAg-1 with a first-cycle coulombic efficiency of about 50 %. In addition, the hard carbon shows stable cycling performance and good rate capability.
VRB/EDLC Hybrid Storage System with PID Controller Based on BP Neural Network
Authors: Chen Yi , Zhang Bu Han , Mao Cheng Xiong , Dai Xiao Kang
Published: August 2013

In order to stabilize fluctuations caused by intermittent energy and complement different storage elements advantages, we designed a hybrid energy storage combining VRB pack with EDLC bank. This hybrid energy storage device has two DC/DC convertors; DC/DC(A) controls VRB pack's power and DC/DC(B) stabilizes the voltage on DC bus. By doing this, it is easy to make power schedule for VRB according to renewable energy forecast and SOC of battery, while EDCL bank stabilizes the short-time power fluctuation, most of which result from forecasting error. To achieve the above goals, self-adaptive PID controller based on BP neuron network is applied in DCDC(B), for switching-mode convertor is strongly non-linear system and traditional PID controller is not suitable to the case of large changed load. Simulations in Matlab Simulink are presented to testify the novel control method and show this hybrid energy storage device can work efficiently.
New Energy-Saving Elevator Energy Consumption Analysis and Simulation Based on MATLAB
Authors: Hao Si Yu , Yang Ting Ting , Wu Lin
Published: August 2013

To lower the power consumption of elevator ,a Continuously Variable Transmission(CVT) is installed between traction mechanism and counterweight and optimize the mass of elevator counterweight .Adjust gear ratio by CVT,control the elevator counterweight lifting distance to adjust counterweight potential changes, the counterweight potential energy change reasonably compensate the elevator car potential changes,thereby obtaining satisfactory energy-saving effect.Use MATLAB/SIMULINK to establish the elevator traction system dynamics model to finish the power consumption analysis of elevator.
The Design of Remote Analysis and Control for Photovoltaic System Based on Computer Software
Authors: Sheng Fu Shen , Hu Jie Hua
Published: August 2013

Photovoltaic system composition and core component function characteristics are studied in this research; Influences of photovoltaic power generation system cost, the key factors of life and setting detection control parameter for photovoltaic are pointed. Compared with traditional photovoltaic system monitoring methods, a photovoltaic remote monitoring system design example based on configuration software is given after analyzing their viability and necessity deeply.
A Novel Two-Stage Ethylene Rankine Power Cycle with Cold Energy Recovery of LNG
Authors: Zhu Hong Mei , Li Qiong , Sun Heng
Published: August 2013

A novel two-stage ethylene Rankine power cycle that can recover cold energy of LNG is represented. A core device of multi-stream cryogenic heat exchanger (MSCHE) is used in the cycle to decrease the temperature difference of heat transfer process and increase the energy efficiency. The two-stage expansion which means there are two evaporation processes which works at about-100°C and-55°C respectively. This can make better use of the cold energy of LNG. The available process parameters were investigated and given by process simulation with HYSYS software. The results show that the cold energy and exergy efficiency is 19.67% and 27.15%, respectively. The ethane could also be used as working fluid in this cycle and similar output power could be achieved.
A Simple way to Estimate the Signal-To-Noise Ratio and to Save Energy
Authors: Li Wen Zhuo
Published: August 2013

No one can deny the significance of wireless communication in our life, but there is always noise that can lead to some mistakes in transmitting signal. Facing the noise, we should realize that we cannot eliminate completely. Therefore, we should estimate the signal-to-noise ratio so that we can balance the Bit Error Rate and the power, which can save more energy. Here is a simple way to estimate the signal-to-noise ratio based on Bernoulli's Law of Large Numbers.
District Energy-Saving Measures and their Selection Method
Authors: Li Xiang Qian
Published: August 2013

Per GDP energy consumption is the main indicator of district energy-saving effect. The Article firstly analyzed the influence factors of per GDP energy consumption. Then summarized energy-saving measures as six aspects: optimizing industrial structure; reducing energy intensity of industries; reducing per capita household energy consumption; limiting resident population; improving efficiency of energy conversion; improving energy storage and transportation management level. According to implementing body, energy-saving measures are divided into government measure and enterprise measure. District energy-saving measures mainly refer to the government measures. The selection course of district energy-saving measures is divided into five steps: initial prediction of per GDP energy consumption of term-end; analysis of measures of reducing industry energy intensity, per capita household energy consumption and energy loss; second prediction of per GDP energy consumption of term-end; compare with the target value; determination of district energy-saving measures.
Hybrid of Daylight and LEDs in the Lighting Design of a Tunnel
Authors: Ji Si Mei , Cao Guan Ying , Gao Ying Ming , Zhang Jing Hui , Zou Nian Yu
Published: August 2013

In the paper, the hybrid of daylight and artificial light is designed in the lighting of an underground tunnel in order to achieve the effect of energy saving and emission reduction. Light pipe and LED lamps are arranged in the lighting of the underpass. The software of DIAlux and Skyvision are used to simulate for the average luminance, average illuminance and energy-saving index parameters. The energy-saving effect of hybrid lighting system with natural light and LEDs is analyzed.
Optimal Design for the Room Temperature Control and Household Heat Metering System
Authors: Fu Meng , Zhang Yong Jie , Ye Jian Dong , Jiang Jian Yun , Zhang Fan
Published: August 2013

With the improvement of peoples living standard, decreasing of heating energy consumption is significant for building energy saving. The practice of household heat metering system can accelerate the promotion process of household metering, regulation and control. This can improve the indoor thermal comfort of residential building and energy saving awareness, so that it will promote the development of building energy saving and emission reduction. In this paper, room temperature control and household heat metering system are optimally designed, and intelligent on-off valve regulation is developed to control room temperature. The results show that heat waste is greatly reduced by using household heat metering system and a better thermal comfort is obtained.
Effects of Environment Variables on Maize Yield and Ear Characters
Authors: Yu Ji Lin , Qi Hua , Nie Lin Xue , Zhang Wei Jian , Zheng Hong Bing , Liu Ming , Lin Zhi Qiang , Gao Ming Chao
Published: August 2013

The global warming brings important effects to the ecological system, agricultural environment and crop yields. Summer maize variety ZD 958 was planted at different sowing dates and densities. Relationship between yield, ear characters and climatic factors were studied. Results showed that rainfall was the key limiting factor affecting maize production; the effective accumulated temperature after florescence was the important factor affecting bald ear tips and shrunken kernels; rainfall after florescence was the major factor affecting row grains and kernels deep; correlation between yield and average light intensity, rainfall, effective accumulated temperature reached an evident level during growth period. Rainfall had the largest direct effect on yield, and the indirect effect from effective accumulated temperature by average light intensity on yield expression was strong, while indirect effect between effective accumulated temperature and average light intensity was week. Rainfall after florescence had the maximum direct effect, while rainfall and average light intensity affecting on yield decreased significantly, direct effect effective of accumulated temperature increased obviously. 2a trials in 2011 and 2012, early sowing (April 25th) with middle density (67 500 plants·hm-2) had the higher yield, increased 71.28% and 58.88% compared with high density (90 000 plants·hm-2) with late sowing (May 25th) treatments. Interaction between sowing date and density had an significant effect on bald kernels and kernels deep, but little influence on row grains and barren ear tip.
A Region of Coal Mine Geological Environmental Survey Assessment and Prevention Countermeasures
Authors: Xiao Jin
Published: August 2013

Exploitation and utilization of coal resources will cause disturbances to the geologic environment and damages to the geologic environment conditions of the mining area, and lead to damages to ecological environment, formation of geologic hazards of mines and environmental pollution in the mining area. In this paper, current geologic environment of mines is investigated, and geologic environment problems of mines are assessed and prevention and control measures are researched on a basis of classified areas, with Dazhou, which is an important city in East Sichuan and where coal resources are rich and exploited frequently, as an example, to provide reference for protection, treatment and recovery of geologic environment of coal mines in East Sichuan.
Environmental Risk Assessment of Petrochemical Project
Authors: Zheng Li Na , Zhang Zhi , Xiao Jing Ni , Wang Hong
Published: August 2013

This paper expounded the great significance of the environmental risk assessment in the petrochemical project. The researches on environmental risk evaluation for the petrochemical projects have been made on the basis of the specific case analysis, in which the potential accidents risks of the project have been identified, and the accident rate, the accident consequence and risk have been calculated and evaluated. The result showed that the environmental risk assessment for the project was top grade, and the maximum credible accident risk was on an acceptable level with low risk value.
Incinerator Stop Operation Assessment and Municipal Solid Waste Disposition Adjustment
Authors: Ning Shu Kuang , Huang Ling Cian
Published: August 2013

Incineration is the main way to dispose the municipal solid waste (MSW) in Taiwan. The amount of MSW is rapidly decreased during recent 10 years due to the policies implementation of waste reduction and resource recycle since 2003. Assessment of incinerator operation stop and transformation therefore becomes an essential issue. An evaluation framework was constructed and put into practice in this research. With the considerations of service status, operation performance, MSW treatment status and the impact level of stopping operation was integrated and assessed in the first stage. An optimal model was built for re-programming the MSW clean strategies of original service areas by taking account of MSW collection distance, design capacity of incinerators and the heating value of solid waste in the second stage. A case study was implemented for four incinerators in Kaohsiung City of southern Taiwan to demonstrate the feasibility of proposed assessment framework.
Research on Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation of Surface Water Quality in Xiquan Lake Wetland
Authors: Gao Wei Chun , Pan Jun , Ding Fei , Gong Yi Cheng , Zhang Yong Xiang
Published: August 2013

Using Xiquan Lake wetland as an example, the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method in the application of surface water quality assessment was discussed in this paper. This paper chooses six representative pollution index, calculates respectively weight and integrated membership grade of the pollution index during dry season and rain season, and overall evaluates surface water quality of Xiquan Lake wetland comprehensive. Fuzzy comprehensive evaluation results show that water quality is respectively class V and III during dry season and rain season. Surface water quality of Xiquan Lake wetland in rain season is worse than in dry season. The evaluation results are scientific and reasonable, provide effective basis for wetland resources use and management.
Study on Industrial Environmental Resources Competition Network Based on Bipartite Graph Theory
Authors: Zou Zhe , Xing Li Zhi , Guan Jun
Published: August 2013

In this paper, the applications of bipartite graph in industrial complex networks were discussed, mainly through the form of a dual-mode network model. In order to illuminate the process of studying environmental problems, this theory was analyzed deeply and used to construct Industrial Environmental Resources Competition Network on the basis of the data of 2010 from Guangzhou Economic and Technical Development Zone.
Expression of CP:CBF3-35S:ICE1 Enhances Low Temperature Tolerance in Transgenic Arabidopsis
Authors: Li Rui Mei , Xi Du Juan , Ji Yi Meng , Duan Rui Jun , Liu Jiao , Fu Shao Ping , Hu Xin Wen , Guo Jian Chun
Published: August 2013

We have constructed a vector pCAMBIA1300-CP:CBF3-35S:ICE1 and transformed into Arabidopsis. Results of PCR proved that the target genes had integrated into Arabidopsis genome. Transgenic Arabidopsis showed a bit slow growth, earlier flowering, but normal at other phenotype under 22°C with 8 h daily lights. In vitro low temperature stress tests showed that the transgenic lines were survival while the wild type was nearly dead. The transgenic plants also showed an increased proline content, SOD and POD activities under low temperature stress. The phenotype and physical evidence indicated that expression of CP:CBF3-35S:ICE1 under low temperature enhances the cold tolerance in transgenic plants.
A Routine Method for Simultaneous Determination of Three Classes of Antibiotics in Aquaculture Water by SPE-RPLC-UV
Authors: Zhang Xin Xin , Dong Li Li , Cai Kuan , Li Rui Ping
Published: August 2013

This work describes a routine monitoring method for simultaneous determination of three classes of veterinary antibiotics (quinolones, sulfonamides, and tetracylines) in the aquaculture water. The selected eleven pharmaceuticals include four quinolones (enoxacin, ofloxacin, ciprofloxacin and lomefloxacin), four sulfonamides (sulfadiazine, sulfadimidine, sulfamethoxazole and sulfisoxazole) and three tetracyclines (tetracycline, chlortetracycline, and doxycycline). The entire procedures for pre-concentration by solid phase extraction (SPE) using Oasis HLB, and liquid chromatography-ultraviolet spectrometry (LC-UV) quantification were examined and optimized. The chromatographic separations were performed on a Kromasil 100-C18(250 mm×4.6 mm, 5 μm) column, using 0.1% (v/v) formic acid in water and acetonitrile as mobile phase with gradient elution, and 280 nm as the detective wavelength. The recovery efficiencies were found to be 85-117% for quinolones, 81-109% for sulfonamides, and 84-110% for tetracyclines at three spiking levels (5, 10 and 50 μg/L). The developed method was applied to real water samples collected from four aquafarms located in Yichang, Hubei Province, China. Three or four tested antibiotics were detected in all water samples, with concentrations ranging from 0.65 μg/L to 4.33 μg/L. The method is convenient and rapid, and provides a quantitative measurement of multi-residue antibiotics without complex and expensive analytical equipment.
Determination of Chlorophyll in Water by Fluorophotometry with Chlorophyll-A Extraction from Microcystis aeruginosa Instead of Chlorophyll Standard Substance
Authors: Cui Jian Sheng , Cheng Yu Xin , Xu Xiao Hui
Published: August 2013

Microcystis aeruginosa is common in freshwater lakes, and developed easy. Instead of chlorophyll standard substance, fresh chlorophyll extraction from Microcystis aeruginosa applied to the determination of chlorophyll-a in water by fluorophotometry. Thus the relationship between concentration of chlorophyll-a and fluorescence intensity of Microcystis aeruginosa in water was established. The fluorescence intensity responded with the concentration of chlorophyll-a extract linearly in the range of 30~1800 ug/L with a correlative coefficient of 0.9947. Comparision was made between chlorophyll standard and the chlorophyll-a extraction of Microcystis aeruginosa, and no significant difference was found. In certain range of pH value and time, chlorophyll-a extraction from Microcystis aeruginosa is stable, and can be used to reflect the growth of algae in water quick, conveniently and accurately.
Determination of Organochlorine Pesticide and Pyrethroids Residues in Tea with Gas Chromatography
Authors: Tan Wei , Li Chang Xiu , Yang Min , Chen Hai Yun , Xiong Jia Liang , Shi Xing Mei , Zhao Yu
Published: August 2013

A method for the simultaneous determination of organochlorine pesticide and pyrethroids in tea was established by gas chromatography equipped with electronic capture detector (GC-ECD).The organochlorine and pyrethroids in tea were extracted by acetonitrile, then filtered and concentrated organic phase, and separated and purified through a florisil column, then concentrated again and diluted with hexane to scale. The organochlorine pesticide and pyrethroids were analyzed by GC-ECD and qualified with external standard method. Experiments show that seven kinds of agricultural chemicals’ peak time range from 16.362 to 32.010 min, correlation coefficient in the range of 0.9992-0.9999, with excellent linearity. The lowest examination limits range from 0.018 mg/kg to 0.099 mg/kg and the recoveries between74.5% and 116% with relative standard deviations(RSD) of 1.4%-8.7%. The results showed that proposed method could used to determine these two kinds of pesticides in tea.
Measurement of 15N and 18O Isotope Abundance of Nitrate Using Denitrifier Method on Tracegas-Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Xu Chun Ying , Li Yu Zhong , Li Qiao Zhen , Dong Yi Wei , Fang Fu Li , Guo Zhi Cheng
Published: August 2013

A modified denitrifier method on Tracegas-isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS) was developed to determine the nitrogen and oxygen isotopic compositions of nitrate (NO3-) in water samples. The protocol presented in our previous publication was modified in several aspects. Then, the incubation time, amount of NO3-sample, and effect of trapping time in the Tracegas system were analyzed using the standard reference USGS34. Both δ15N and δ18O values demonstrated accurate and reproducible at incubation times exceeding 12 h or overnight as well as added 0.2 μg to 0.4 μg NO3--N samples. Our data also showed that 100 s for trapping time in Tracegas system was adequate to achieve accurate and reproducible results. Finally, the δ15N and δ18O values of nitrate in animal wastewater were measured using this method. The results indicate that the denitrifier method can be used widely for tracing nitrate sources and controlling nitrate contamination in China.
Spatial and Temporal Distribution and Air Quality Evaluation of the Indoor Air Microorganisms in Summer Campus
Authors: Xu Ji Fei , Wang Xin Ying , Min Hui , Ma Hong Yu , Zhao Ji
Published: August 2013

The campus indoor environment is an important learning and living environment for college students, and it is closely related to the health of college students. Using natural sedimentation to monitor and evaluate the indoor air microorganisms of four classrooms (0407, 0408, 0409 and 0410) which are in the Inner Mongolia University campus comprehensive building of fourth floor. The results show that the concentration variation of indoor air microorganisms is different in one day, in the 5 periods of time from morning to night, the maximum is 2.0×103 cfu·m-3 in the morning, which is 12 times to the minimum. Air microbial content of the sunny classrooms (0407 and 0409) is obviously higher than night side classrooms (0408 and 0410), the total bacteria concentration of classroom 0407 is 2.1 times to classroom 0408, and the concentration of classroom 0409 is 1.5 times to classroom 0410. Among the 4 sampling points, the highest total concentration of air microorganisms is 8.0×102 cfu·m-3, the lowest value is 3.0×102 cfu·m-3, and the average value is 6.0×102 cfu·m-3. Bacteria as the main air microorganism in summer campus classroom, accounted 77.4%, mold accounted18.9%, actinomycetes accounted 3.7%. According to the air microorganism standards, it evaluates that each time of indoor air is clean.
The Coordinated Development of the Global Ecological System
Authors: Dai Feng , Wu Hong Yue , Xiao Lu Yun
Published: August 2013

It is of great value to provide sufficient food and energy, meanwhile ensure the sustainable use of resources and the good maintenance of ecological environment under the pressure of rapid population growth and rapid economic development. Therefore, a dynamic global network model of the global ecosystem is built in this paper. Seven elements are taken into consideration and regarded as the macro nodes. These nodes are connected by directed edges, representing the correlated relationships. Symbiosis theory is used to analyze the network model. The results show that the model can effectively measure the related internal coordination degree of subsystems.
Comparisons of D-Value Method and 15N-tracing Method on Calculating the Nitrogen Fertilizer Utilization Efficiency of Flue-Cured Tobacco
Authors: Hou Mao Mao , Shao Xiao Hou , Chen Jing Nan , Yuan You Bo , Ding Fu Zhang , Wang Yao Fu
Published: August 2013

Nitrogen utilization efficiency (NUE) was a hot topic in the study area of crop cultivation, most scholars tented to calculate NUE by D-value method, which could well reflected the total absorption of N nutrient by crops; and on the other hand, the tracing technique could precisely calculated the N content which crops absorbed from N fertilizer. In this study, the flue-cured tobaccos were treated with 2 N levels and 3 water levels, and the D-value method and the tracing method was adopted to calculate the nitrogen utilization efficiency. Results showed that the RD value was more than double the RN value, and there were no relationships between the results calculated by the D-value method and the tracing method, the treatment with higher RN value could not always obtain a higher RD value; besides, water deficiency or excess could both decreased NUE, through affecting the N availability or through the elution of the N nutrient. Taken as the whole, 6g/plant N combined with 800mm irrigation water was more beneficial for the effective utilization of N fertilization, and which combined with 1000mm was more beneficial for the N accumulation of tobacco plants.
Marine Environmental Carrying Capacity Monitoring System: A Monitoring Framework to Achieve Marine Environment Adaptive Management
Authors: Kang Min Jie , Luan Wei Xin
Published: August 2013

The marine pollution problem is mainly related to inputs to the ocean directly or indirectly through the atmosphere, from land-based sources or land-based activities of society. The management of this is essentially associated with managing in an adequate way our activities on land. Monitoring, evaluation and adaptation are necessary to ensure that marine management measures are both effective and efficient. Marine environmental carrying capacity monitoring system is a monitoring framework to achieve marine environment adaptive management, the core of the system is monitoring marine environmental carrying capacity under DPSIR model. This paper introduces a definition of marine environmental carrying capacity and the conceptual framework for marine environmental carrying capacity monitoring system.
Shenyang Metropolitan Area Environment and Resource Analysis
Authors: Yang Shu
Published: August 2013

The article introduces Shenyang Metropolitan Area and the new-type industrialization, analyses the situation of the resources and environment in the area, indicates the reasons of the resources and environment problem areas: the more industrial pollution, the heavier environmental pressure; the more distorted urbanization, the more urban environmental issues; the faster population growth, the higher environmental tension; the more imbalance of economic development, the more environmental imbalance; the more historical debts, the greater burden of environment.
Spatial-Temporal Comparative Analysis of Water Environmental Quality Features in Nansi Lake Basin
Authors: Xin Ying , Wu Zhou Hu , Wang Ran , Liang Yong Liang , Lei Hong Cheng , Zhang Shuang Shuang
Published: August 2013

Based on monitoring data from 2006 to 2010,the surface water environmental quality features in Nansi Lake Basin were analyzed at temporal and spatial scale. The results show that the water quality in Nansi Lake basin has improved during the annual period, the wet period and dry period. In terms of CODCr and NH3-N, the proportion of water with quality of class I to III has increased, while the proportion of water with quality that was inferior to class V has decreased. The proportion of water with quality of class Ito III in NH3-N was lager than that in CODCr. The Nansi Lake basin water quality in the wet period was slightly better than that in the annual period, while the water quality in dry period was slightly worse than that in the annual period. Judging from the spatial scale, the water quality of control units in the west of Nansi Lake basin is better than those in the east of Nansi Lake basin. The control units of Guangfu River and Laoyun River in Jining were the most seriously polluted areas.
The Vegetation Structure and Floral Changes of 5 Years after Restoration of Cheonggyecheon Stream in Korea
Authors: Koo Bon Hak
Published: August 2013

The result of 5-years monitoring (2006-2010) in Cheonggyecheon stream, 328 floral species were found in 2006. In 2007, 2008, 2009 and 2010, total 446, 444, 471 and 510 species were found respectively. And among them, 233 introduced species were found in 2006, 312 species in 2007, 308 in 2008, 314 in 2009 and 300 in 2010 were found. Hazard species were found 3-5 species during study period. The rapid increasing in introduced plants was surveyed in the early 1stand 2ndyears. It has shown a relatively stable trend since the third year. By life form, herbaceous plants gradually increased in the early year. And annual and biennial herbs were dominated right after restoration and as time went by perennial herbs ratio increased. By family, flora belongs toCompositaefamily that was found most frequently. By section, 3rdand 4thsections constituted by natural genotypes, such as point bars, wide flood plains, riffles, ponds and marshes, were surveyed more species than 1stand 2ndsections constructed by artificial and non-ecological materials, such as concrete materials and narrow and straight flow channels. As a result, in stream restoration for ecological purpose, naturalized river or ecological river formation and management, rapid ecological changes would appear in the early 1stand 2ndyears, and artificial energy were included to reduce species disturbance. In that time, the stream ecosystem could be stabilized after restoration in the early three years or so.
Study on Timeliness of Burned Gasoline Residues Analysis Adsorbed on the Floor Carrier
Authors: Liu Shu Jun , Yu Li Li , Xu Hao Nan , Feng Kun , Wang Ying
Published: August 2013

The application of solid phase microextractiongas chromatography/mass spectrometry (SPME-GC/MS) to the analysis of the timeliness of burned gasoline analysis adsorbed on the floor carrier was studied in this artical, meanwhile the effects of temperature, wind speed and humidity on the timeliness of burned gasoline analysis adsorbed on the floor carrier has been investigated. The results show that temperature is the major factor that affects the timeliness of analysis of burned gasoline residues analysis, followed by humidity, and finally the wind speed, and the corresponding data of timeliness, derived equations and correlation are provided.
Modeling the Role of Toxic Substances in a Phytoplankton-Toxic Phytoplankton-Zooplankton System
Authors: Zhao Jiang Lin , Zhao Min
Published: August 2013

In this paper, a mathematical model has been proposed, which consists of three variables: non-toxic phytoplankton (NTP), toxin producing phytoplankton (TPP) and zooplankton. In this model, an Monod- Haldane functional response is utilized to identify the grazing process of zooplankton due to the phytoplankton toxicity. The product of square of TPP density with square of NTP density is to depict the allelopathic influence on NTP. Numerical analysis indicates that the phytoplankton toxicity has a significant influence on the dynamical complexity and species biomass level through bifurcation diagrams. All these results are expected to be of significance in exploration of the dynamical complexity of ecosystems.
Effects of Sediment Dredging on Heavy Metal Removal in Dianchi Lake, China
Authors: Li Qiang , Zhou Jia Li , Wang Ying , Li Hui , Huang Bin , Pan Xue Jun
Published: August 2013

The heavy metals (Pb, Zn, Cu, Cd, Cr) and metalloid (As) in surface sediments and water samples from un-dredged and dredged areas in Dianchi Lake had been analyzed to investigate the removal efficiency of sediment dredging. Potential ecological risk index (RI) and simplified geoaccumulation risk index (Igeo) were used to assess the heavy metals accumulation and ecological risks. The results indicated that Pb2+, Zn2+, Cu2+, Cd2+, Cr2+ and As3+ were not detected in water of Dianchi Lake, and the heavy metal content of surface sediments in Caohai Lake was in the order of Zn2+>Pb2+>Cu2+>As3+>Cr2+>Cd2+, and that in Waihai Lake was in the order of Zn2+>Pb2+>Cu2+>Cr2+>As3+>Cd2+. Through comparing the heavy metal content in sediments from un-dredged and dredged areas, pollutants reduced after sediment dredging, which can be reflected by the Igeo values too. Potential ecological risk index showed that the potential ecological risks were at low level in Dianchi Lake after sediment dredging.
Research on the Effects of Several Species of Aquatic Plants on Static Landscape Water
Authors: Chen Xi
Published: August 2013

This passage takes the four local common aquatic plants as research objects to do research on the removal rate of TNNH3-NTPPO43-BOD5CODCr from static landscape water. It gets the following results: vetiveria zizanioids does best in removal of nutrient; pistia stratiotes does best in removal of BOD and CODCr, which can provide theoretical basis for landscape water aquatic repair.
Assessment on the Water Quality Influenced by Large-Scale Controlled Planting of Water Hyacinth in the Dianchi Lake
Authors: Zhang Xia , Cai Zong Shou , Chen Li Hong , Ruan Jian Wen
Published: August 2013

Large-scale controlled planting of water hyacinth has become one of the most important measures of Dianchi Lake’s treatment in the “12th Five-Year Plan”. This paper firstly introduced the present situation of large-scale controlled planting of water hyacinth in Dianchi Lake. The water quality of Caohai and Waihai of Dianchi Lake were compared before and after the project of planting water hyacinth. This paper concluded that the effects of large-scale controlled planting of water hyacinth on the ecological restoration of Caohai lake were outstanding. The area of controlled planting could be spread among other water areas of Dianchi lake where is suitable for the growth of water hyacinth in the future, and water hyacinth will pay a greater role in the ecological treatment of Dianchi Lake.