bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
La seguridad social en la reforma laboral: fomento de la informalidad y desarticulación del derecho de acceso a la justicia
Authors: Morales Ramírez María Ascensión
Published: July 2020

En las primeras legislaciones en el ámbito de las relaciones laborales, los riesgos de trabajo (accidentes y enfermedades) fueron preocupación exclusiva del derecho del trabajo, al determinar la responsabilidad del empleador, desde dos puntos de vista: el fisiológico (la disminución o pérdida de la aptitud para el trabajo) y el indemnizatorio (pérdida de ingresos). Sin embargo, los riesgos de trabajo y, por ende, sus consecuencias: las incapacidades o la muerte, así como sus reparaciones (prestaciones de naturaleza médica y la económica), en su fase evolutiva se fueron desprendiendo del derecho del trabajo, tal como dio cuenta el Convenio 102 “Norma Mínima de Seguridad Social”, adoptado por la Organización Internacional del Trabajo en 1952, que prevé los accidentes y enfermedades del trabajo dentro de sus nueve ramas. De esta forma, con las leyes de seguridad social se superó la incierta insolvencia del patrón para el otorgamiento de prestaciones de largo plazo, como son las pensiones. No obstante, a la fecha, en el país los riesgos de trabajo se encuentran regulados tanto en la Ley Federal del Trabajo como en la Ley del Seguro Social. Ambos ordenamientos presentan diferencias importantes desde diversos puntos de vista: en la primera, con carácter indemnizatorio, y en la segunda, con el otorgamiento de pensiones. Esta situación no fue abordada por la reciente reforma del 1o. de mayo de 2019 a la Ley Laboral, con lo cual se fomenta a la no afiliación al Seguro Social y a la informalidad, lo cual tiene como consecuencia un tratamiento desigual a los trabajadores respecto de las prestaciones y vías para exigirlas, según estén afiliados o no al Seguro Social, como se da evidencia en el presente trabajo.
“Naturaleza intrínseca”, “contexto” o “finalidad” en la determinación del carácter sensible de los datos personales
Authors: Huerta Anguiano Julio A.
Published: July 2020

El presente artículo expone tres posibles respuestas a la pregunta de investigación siguiente: ¿qué hace que los datos personales sean considerados datos personales sensibles? Esta aportación tiene como objetivo contribuir a la revisión crítica del concepto de “datos personales sensibles” o “categorías especiales de datos”, destacando algunos de los problemas implícitos en la construcción e interpretación de su definición jurídica, teniendo como marco de referencia diversos ordenamientos internaciona¬les de protección de datos personales. En particular, el texto analiza los enfoques siguientes: 1) la concepción de la naturaleza intrínsecamente sensible de los datos personales; 2) la aproximación del carácter sensible en función del contexto de su procesamiento, y 3) la propuesta que considera la finalidad del tratamiento de los datos personales.
Protección de datos personales en credencial para votar, a examen de la información pública. Derecho a la privacidad vs. principios rectores de la función electoral
Authors: Serrano Morales Víctor Hugo
Published: July 2020

Este texto tiene por objeto analizar el precedente SUP-RAP-37/2013, además de incidir en la difusión del derecho a la autodeterminación informativa en la credencial para votar (en adelante CPV). Este derecho tiene su génesis en una decisión jurisdiccional de Sala Superior del Tribunal Electoral del Poder Judicial de la Federación (en adelante SS del TEPJF), resolución que desechó el acuerdo CG/732/2012 presentado por el entonces Instituto Federal Electoral (IFE). La decisión jurisdiccional obligó a la autoridad electoral administrativa a realizar un método de ponderación mediante un balancing test, entre el “derecho a la privacidad del individuo versus los principios rectores de la función electoral”. El texto se divide en cuatro momentos: contextualización del caso concreto, análisis de da¬tos cuantitativos, ejercicio social y una conclusión.
Dampak Pandemi COVID-19 terhadap Perekonomian Indonesia
Authors: Nasution Dito Aditia Darma , Erlina Erlina , Muda Iskandar
Published: July 2020

This study aims to determine the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the Indonesian economy. Until this research was written, 93 countries were found infected with COVID-19. The spread of COVID-19 which had spread eventually brought very bad risks to the world economy, including Indonesia, especially in terms of tourism, trade and investment. The method used in this research is descriptive quantitative method that uses an approach called secondary data analysis, which is a research methodology that uses secondary data as the main data source. Based on the results of the study, Indonesia is currently still in a stable economic situation. Strategic steps related to fiscal and monetary are also estimated to still have room to provide economic stimulus if needed. However, as the COVID-19 pandemic case developed, the market did fluctuate more in the negative direction. Not only that, the slow pace of Indonesia's export activities to China will also have a significant impact on the economy in Indonesia.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dampak pandemi COVID-19 terhadap perekonomian Indonesia. Hingga penelitian ini ditulis ditemukan 93 negara yang telah terjangkit COVID-19. Pandemi COVID-19 yang telah menyebar pada akhirnya membawa risiko yang sangat buruk bagi perekonomian dunia termasuk Indonesia khususnya dari sisi pariwisata, perdagangan serta investasi. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode kuantitatif deskriptif dengan menggunakan pendekatan analisis data sekunder. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, dampak pandemi COVID-19 menyebabkan rendahnya sentimen investor terhadap pasar yang pada akhirnya membawa pasar ke arah cenderung negatif. Langkah-langkah strategis terkait fiskal dan moneter sangat dibutuhkan untuk memberikan rangsangan ekonomi. Seiring berkembangnya kasus pandemi COVID-19, pasar lebih berfluktuasi ke arah yang negatif. Tidak hanya itu saja, lambatnya ekonomi global khususnya kegiatan ekspor Indonesia ke China juga berdampak signifikan terhadap perekonomian Indonesia. Hal tersebut berdasarkan analisis sensitivitas yang menjelaskan bahwa lambatnya ekonomi global saat ini sangat berdampak terhadap pertumbuhan perekonomian Indonesia.
A INTERLOCUÇÃO ENTRE PARES: CONTRIBUIÇÕES PARA A REFLEXÃO DA PRÁTICA PEDAGÓGICA DO PROFESSOR-FORMADOR
Authors: Lauxen Ademar Antonio , Del Pino José Claudio
Published: July 2020

A análise das concepções epistemológicas e educacionais de ensinar e aprender de professores-formadores pode apontar a racionalidade que fundamenta a atuação desses educadores em cursos de graduação, especialmente nas licenciaturas. A investigação visou a perceber quanto um grupo de professores e professoras atuantes em um curso de Licenciatura em Química de uma instituição de ensino superior têm ampliado seus saberes docentes a partir de um espaço/tempo institucional existente e em que medida isso tem implicado em mudanças no fazer pedagógico de cada um. O presente texto é resultado de um estudo, de caráter qualitativo, situado no contexto da investigação-ação. A pesquisa aponta que a formação continuada e os processos reflexivos que dessa decorrem, os momentos de socialização, a análise e a reflexão das práticas pedagógicas com seus pares e a constituição de espaços/tempos intrainstitucionais são importantes para promover novos estágios de compreensão aos sujeitos-atores do processo educativo, contribuindo para a problematização de saberes e reconfiguração da ação.
O ENSINO DO DIREITO NA EDUCAÇÃO INFANTIL: UMA ANÁLISE DA LEI ORDINÁRIA Nº 8340/2018 DE MARÍLIA/SP
Authors: Morilhe Leonardo Francisco
Published: July 2020

O presente artigo tem por objetivo analisar a lei ordinária nº 8340/2018 do município de Marília-SP que autoriza o Executivo dispor acerca da introdução de noções de Direito Constitucional, Justiça e Cidadania no currículo escolar da rede municipal de ensino, na qual destina aos estudantes da Educação Infantil ao Ensino Fundamental, demonstrando a importância da referida lei para os estudantes e a sociedade, uma vez que, há somente projetos no país, nessa seara. A inclusão pode-se dar de forma lúdica e pedagógica aos discentes e se considera que a escola deve contribuir com a preparação do exercício futuro da cidadania, cujo propósito é fundamental aos cidadãos que atuarão na construção de um Estado democrático em prol dos Direitos Humanos, mesmo em tenra idade. Para tanto, objetiva-se discutir a Educação Infantil no contexto das políticas educacionais no Brasil, na qual a referida lei é pioneira nesse sentido, além da importância de sua efetivação, o que se permite concluir que a inclusão jurídica poderia ocorrer em outras escolas, de outras cidades do país, uma vez que a lei obteve êxito educacional na referida cidade e serve como modelo para as demais. Assim, será destacado, inicialmente, o nível de ensino no cenário político nacional, enfatizando a importância das inovações curriculares de modo que se inclua a Educação Jurídica e, num segundo momento, o Direito à Educação, associado aos Direitos Humanos, em que se finaliza com a proposta pedagógica apresentada.
COMIDA DE ESTÁDIO: REFLEXÕES SOBRE O “TROPEIRÃO” E A SOCIABILIDADE NO “NOVO MINEIRÃO”
Authors: Pacheco Leonardo Turchi , Dantas Marina De Mattos , Souza Adriano Lopes de , Silva Silvio Ricardo da
Published: July 2020

O presente artigo analisa as mudanças na alimentação e nas formas de sociabilidade no “novo” Estádio Mineirão pela perspectiva de 266 torcedores do Clube Atlético Mineiro. Ademais, apresenta uma breve análise do perfil do público que frequentou o Estádio do Mineirão entre 2013 e 2015, fruto de pesquisa de campo na qual foram aplicados questionários e feitas observações no ambiente das arquibancadas. Verificou-se, na fala torcedora, incômodos com as alterações na alimentação e nas experiências que compunham a totalidade do espetáculo. Quanto ao perfil dos torcedores, observou-se o alto grau de escolaridade e empregabilidade, além de residirem em locais com elevado Índice de Desenvolvimento Humano Municipal (IDHM). Esse cenário trouxe consigo novas percepções sobre aparência do equipamento urbano e higiene alimentar, evidenciando um espaço de disputas pela alimentação dentro e fora do estádio e outras mudanças na sociabilidade torcedora.
ALÉM DO NIVELAMENTO: PERCURSO DO PROGRAMA EXTENSIONISTA CURSOS COMPLEMENTARES NA UNIVERSIDADE ESTADUAL DE FEIRA DE SANTANA
Authors: Zatti Fernanda Almeida Ribeiro
Published: July 2020

Este trabalho descreve a experiência extensionista do Programa Cursos Complementares na Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, desde a avaliação da demanda que lhe deu origem em 2014 até seu pleno funcionamento como programa de extensão devidamente regulamentado em 2017. Os Cursos Complementares se propõem a abordar conteúdos básicos em diversas áreas de conhecimento, proporcionando aos estudantes graduandos um melhor aproveitamento nos seus respectivos cursos de graduação, visto que alguns apresentam lacunas oriundas da educação básica. Buscam contribuir para a permanência imaterial e simbólica dos estudantes, relacionada às condições que excedem a dimensão material, e para a redução do índice de evasão. São oferecidas turmas nas áreas de Língua Portuguesa, Matemática e Informática para toda a comunidade estudantil, com prioridade para os estudantes que tiveram acesso à universidade através do sistema de reservas de vagas e os residentes universitários. Para contextualização do trabalho, este artigo apresenta o Núcleo de Apoio Psicossocial e Pedagógico da UEFS, setor idealizador e responsável pela coordenação do programa, pertencente à Pró-Reitoria de Políticas Afirmativas e Assuntos Estudantis, e fundamenta a discussão citando estudos sobre o perfil do estudante universitário, o processo de adaptação a essa nova realidade, a subjetividade relacionada ao processo formativo, entre outros temas relacionados.
Editorial
Authors: Teixeira Marize Argolo , Gomes Luziêt Maria Fontenele
Published: July 2020

Editorial
Hubungan Antara IMT/U, Skinfold Thickness, Lingkar Pinggang dan Persen Lemak Tubuh pada Remaja Laki-Laki
Authors: Sitoayu Laras , Rumana Nanda Aula , Sudiarti Trini , Achmad Engkus Kusdinar
Published: July 2020

Peningkatan jumlah gizi lebih pada remaja perlu mendapatkan perhatian, karena akan berdampak pada kesehatan di masa dewasa dan tua. Di tengah epidemi gizi lebih seperti ini dibutuhkan informasi mengenai ukuran komposisi tubuh yang tepat terutama yang berpengaruh terhadap persen lemak tubuh. Kebanyakan orang memiliki ukuran komposisi tubuh yang ideal namun persen lemak tubuhnya tinggi, atau sebaliknya. Tingginya persen lemak tubuh dapat meningkatkan risiko dislipidemia dan penyakit degeneratif lainnya. Sehingga persen lemak tubuh penting untuk diperhatikan. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui hubungan antara IMT/U, skinfold thickness, lingkar pinggan dengan persen lemak tubuh pada remaja laki-laki usia 12-19 tahun. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan teknik stratified proportional. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada siswa MTs dan MA. Multiteknik Yayasan Asih Putera kelas 7-12 (n=111). Analisis data penelitian ini menggunakan korelasi pearson. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan IMT/U memiliki korelasi paling kuat dengan persen lemak tubuh (r=0,804) diantara pengukuran antropometri yang digunakan. Variabel IMT/U, skinfold thickness dan lingkar pinggang memiliki korelasi yang signifikan dengan persen lemak tubuh BIA (p = 0,0001)
Using an intelligent ANFIS-Online controller for STATCOM in improving dynamic voltage stability
Authors: Nguyen Vinh , Cao Tien , Nguyen Hung , Le Hung
Published: July 2020

This research has introduced the intelligent ANFIS-Online controller of
STATCOM for improving the dynamic voltage on the power network under a
3-phase short circuit fault. The ANFIS-Online is made using an artificial
neural network identifier. And based on the identifier, the premise and
consequent parameters of ANFIS are adjusted timely. To demonstrate the
performance of the suggested controller, the transient waves are shown to
describe the effectiveness of the intelligent ANFIS-Online controller to
enhance the transient response of the research system under a 3-phase short
circuit fault. It's shown that the suggested intelligent ANFIS-Online
controller has provided waves better than the other controllers such as
ANFIS controller, ANFIS-PSO controller, ANFIS-GA controller for STATCOM
equipment to enhance transient voltage stability.
Fault detection using FRA in order to improve the aging model of power transformer
Authors: Milic Sasa , Ilic Denis , Ponjavic Milan
Published: July 2020

Power transformers are constantly exposed to mechanical, thermal and
electrical stresses during operation. In this paper, the authors propose an
improved aging model of power transformers by adding the impact of
mechanical deteriorations. In the current practice, the mechanical
deformation and dislocation of the windings and core are not sufficiently
distinguished as components that influence the aging of the transformer.
Hence, the current aging model was expanded with a functional block that
contains several typical failures in order to emphasize their impact on the
lifetime of transformers and their aging as well. The authors used the
Frequency Response Analysis (FRA) method for the fault detection and
location of the mechanical deformations of its active parts. The correlation
function is used to determine the level of the detected failure. All
presented test results are obtained in real exploitation conditions.
Reliability analysis of different RCIED activation signal responsive jamming techniques and their comparison to active jamming
Authors: Mileusnic Mladen , Petrovic Predrag , Kosjer Vladimir , Lebl Aleksandar , Pavic Branislav
Published: July 2020

In this paper we compared the time required for the successful jamming of
remote controlled improvised explosive devices activation using active and
responsive jamming methods. As a representative of active jamming method we
analyzed jamming signal generation using frequency sweep. For the analysis
of the possible activating signal presence based on responsive jamming
procedures we first supposed Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) implementation and
compared its analysis rate to the rate of sweep jamming. Taking into account
the current technology state, it is proved that the time required to achieve
the successful jamming relied on FFT analysis may be less than in the case
of active sweep jamming. After that we considered pros and cons for energy
detector and matched filter detector implementation in responsive jamming.
For these two detector types it is shown how to determine the number of
analysis blocks to achieve approximately the same number of collected
samples as in the case of FFT implementation, starting from the
probabilities of false detection and miss of detection.
Study of hole-blocking and electron-blocking layers in a InaS/GaAs multiple quantum-well solar cell
Authors: Abbasian Sobhan , Sabbaghi-Nadooshan Reza
Published: July 2020

In this work, a GaAs-based quantum well solar cell with a 25-layer InAs/GaAs
intermediate layer is simulated in Silvaco Atlas TCAD software. In order to
reduce the recombination caused by the presence of the quantum layers and
increase the absorption of photons, electron blocking layers (EBLs) and hole
blocking layers (HBLs) have been added to the solar cell in an
In0.5(Al0.7Ga0.3)0.5P semiconductor. The results show that the efficiency of
the proposed solar cell increases 17.38% by obtaining impurity the thickness
and doping of the EBL and HBL layers. It can be concluded that the use of
the In0.5(Al0.7Ga 0.3)0.5P semiconductor with EBL and HBL layers decreases
the open circuit voltage (Voc) caused in the quantum wells. The efficiency
of the proposed solar cell with EBL and HBL layers was found to be 44.65%.
Addressing Therapeutic Inertia in 2020 and Beyond: A 3-Year Initiative of the American Diabetes Association
Authors: Gabbay Robert A. , Kendall Debbie , Beebe Christine , Cuddeback John , Hobbs Todd , Khan Naeem D. , Leal Sandra , Miller Eden , Novak Lucia M. , Rajpathak Swapnil N. , Scribner Paul , Meneghini Luigi , Khunti Kamlesh
Published: July 2020

Research has shown that getting to glycemic targets early on leads to better outcomes in people with type 2 diabetes; yet, there has been no improvement in the attainment of A1C targets in the past decade. One reason is therapeutic inertia: the lack of timely adjustment to the treatment regimen when a person’s therapeutic targets are not met. This article describes the scope and priorities of the American Diabetes Association’s 3-year Overcoming Therapeutic Inertia Initiative. Its planned activities include publishing a systematic review and meta-analysis of approaches to reducing therapeutic inertia, developing a registry of effective strategies, launching clinician awareness and education campaigns, leveraging electronic health record and clinical decision-support tools, influencing payer policies, and potentially executing pragmatic research to test promising interventions.
In Amateur Athletes With Type 1 Diabetes, a 9-Day Period of Cycling at Moderate-to-Vigorous Intensity Unexpectedly Increased the Time Spent in Hyperglycemia, Which Was Associated With Impairment in Heart Rate Variability
Authors: Lespagnol Elodie , Bocock Olivia , Heyman Joris , Gamelin François-Xavier , Berthoin Serge , Pereira Bruno , Boissière Julien , Duclos Martine , Heyman Elsa
Published: July 2020

OBJECTIVE

In type 1 diabetes, autonomic dysfunction may occur early as a decrease in heart rate variability (HRV). In populations without diabetes, the positive effects of exercise training on HRV are well-documented. However, exercise in individuals with type 1 diabetes, particularly if strenuous and prolonged, can lead to sharp glycemic variations, which can negatively impact HRV. This study explores the impact of a 9-day cycling tour on HRV in this population, with a focus on exercise-induced glycemic excursions.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

Twenty amateur athletes with uncomplicated type 1 diabetes cycled 1,500 km. HRV and glycemic variability were measured by heart rate and continuous glucose monitoring. Linear mixed models were used to test the effects of exercise on HRV, with concomitant glycemic excursions and subject characteristics considered as covariates.

RESULTS

Nighttime HRV tended to decrease with the daily distance traveled. The more time the subjects spent in hyperglycemia, the lower the parasympathetic tone was. This result is striking given that hyperglycemic excursions progressively increased throughout the 9 days of the tour, and to a greater degree on the days a longer distance was traveled, while time spent in hypoglycemia surprisingly decreased. This phenomenon occurred despite no changes in insulin administration and a decrease in carbohydrate intake from snacks.

CONCLUSIONS

In sports enthusiasts with type 1 diabetes, multiday prolonged exercise at moderate-to-vigorous intensity worsened hyperglycemia, with hyperglycemia negatively associated with parasympathetic cardiac tone. Considering the putative deleterious consequences on cardiac risks, future work should focus on understanding and managing exercise-induced hyperglycemia.
Factors Contributing to the Rising National Cost of Glucose-Lowering Medicines for Diabetes During 2005–2007 and 2015–2017
Authors: Zhou Xilin , Shrestha Sundar S. , Shao Hui , Zhang Ping
Published: July 2020

OBJECTIVE

We examined changes in glucose-lowering medication spending and quantified the magnitude of factors that are contributing to these changes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

Using the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey, we estimated the change in spending on glucose-lowering medications during 2005–2007 and 2015–2017 among adults aged ≥18 years with diabetes. We decomposed the increase in total spending by medication groups: for insulin, by human and analog; and for noninsulin, by metformin, older, newer, and combination medications. For each group, we quantified the contributions by the number of users and cost-per-user. Costs were in 2017 U.S. dollars.

RESULTS

National spending on glucose-lowering medications increased by $40.6 billion (240%), of which insulin and noninsulin medications contributed $28.6 billion (169%) and $12.0 billion (71%), respectively. For insulin, the increase was mainly associated with higher expenditures from analogs (156%). For noninsulin, the increase was a net effect of higher cost for newer medications (+88%) and decreased cost for older medications (−34%). Most of the increase in insulin spending came from the increase in cost-per-user. However, the increase in the number of users contributed more than cost-per-user in the rise of most noninsulin groups.

CONCLUSIONS

The increase in national spending on glucose-lowering medications during the past decade was mostly associated with the increased costs for insulin, analogs in particular, and newer noninsulin medicines, and cost-per-user had a larger effect than the number of users. Understanding the factors contributing to the increase helps identify ways to curb the growth in costs.
The Effect of a Novel Low-Volume Aerobic Exercise Intervention on Liver Fat in Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Sabag Angelo , Way Kimberley L. , Sultana Rachelle N. , Keating Shelley E. , Gerofi James A. , Chuter Vivienne H. , Byrne Nuala M. , Baker Michael K. , George Jacob , Caterson Ian D. , Twigg Stephen M. , Johnson Nathan A.
Published: July 2020

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study was to examine the effect of a novel low-volume high-intensity interval training (HIIT), moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT), or placebo (PLA) intervention on liver fat, glycemia, and cardiorespiratory fitness using a randomized placebo-controlled design.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

Thirty-five inactive adults (age 54.6 ± 1.4 years, 54% male; BMI 35.9 ± 0.9 kg/m2) with obesity and type 2 diabetes were randomized to 12 weeks of supervised MICT (n = 12) at 60% VO2peak for 45 min, 3 days/week; HIIT (n = 12) at 90% VO2peak for 4 min, 3 days/week; or PLA (n = 11). Liver fat percentage was quantified through proton MRS.

RESULTS

Liver fat reduced in MICT (−0.9 ± 0.7%) and HIIT (−1.7 ± 1.1%) but increased in PLA (1.2 ± 0.5%) (P = 0.046). HbA1c improved in MICT (−0.3 ± 0.3%) and HIIT (−0.3 ± 0.3%) but not in PLA (0.5 ± 0.2%) (P = 0.014). Cardiorespiratory fitness improved in MICT (2.3 ± 1.2 mL/kg/min) and HIIT (1.1 ± 0.5 mL/kg/min) but not in PLA (−1.5 ± 0.9 mL/kg/min) (P = 0.006).

CONCLUSIONS

MICT or a low-volume HIIT approach involving 12 min of weekly high-intensity aerobic exercise may improve liver fat, glycemia, and cardiorespiratory fitness in people with type 2 diabetes in the absence of weight loss. Further studies are required to elucidate the relationship between exercise-induced reductions in liver fat and improvements in glycemia.
Detection of Diabetes Status and Type in Youth Using Electronic Health Records: The SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth Study
Authors: Wells Brian J. , Lenoir Kristin M. , Wagenknecht Lynne E. , Mayer-Davis Elizabeth J. , Lawrence Jean M. , Dabelea Dana , Pihoker Catherine , Saydah Sharon , Casanova Ramon , Turley Christine , Liese Angela D. , Standiford Debra , Kahn Michael G. , Hamman Richard , Divers Jasmin
Published: July 2020

OBJECTIVE

Diabetes surveillance often requires manual medical chart reviews to confirm status and type. This project aimed to create an electronic health record (EHR)-based procedure for improving surveillance efficiency through automation of case identification.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

Youth (<20 years old) with potential evidence of diabetes (N = 8,682) were identified from EHRs at three children’s hospitals participating in the SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth Study. True diabetes status/type was determined by manual chart reviews. Multinomial regression was compared with an ICD-10 rule-based algorithm in the ability to correctly identify diabetes status and type. Subsequently, the investigators evaluated a scenario of combining the rule-based algorithm with targeted chart reviews where the algorithm performed poorly.

RESULTS

The sample included 5,308 true cases (89.2% type 1 diabetes). The rule-based algorithm outperformed regression for overall accuracy (0.955 vs. 0.936). Type 1 diabetes was classified well by both methods: sensitivity (Se) (>0.95), specificity (Sp) (>0.96), and positive predictive value (PPV) (>0.97). In contrast, the PPVs for type 2 diabetes were 0.642 and 0.778 for the rule-based algorithm and the multinomial regression, respectively. Combination of the rule-based method with chart reviews (n = 695, 7.9%) of persons predicted to have non–type 1 diabetes resulted in perfect PPV for the cases reviewed while increasing overall accuracy (0.983). The Se, Sp, and PPV for type 2 diabetes using the combined method were ≥0.91.

CONCLUSIONS

An ICD-10 algorithm combined with targeted chart reviews accurately identified diabetes status/type and could be an attractive option for diabetes surveillance in youth.
Impaired Succinate Response to a Mixed Meal in Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes Is Normalized After Metabolic Surgery
Authors: Astiarraga Brenno , Martínez Laia , Ceperuelo-Mallafré Victoria , Llauradó Gemma , Terrón-Puig Margarida , Rodríguez M. Mar , Casajoana Anna , Pellitero Silvia , Megía Ana , Vilarrasa Núria , Vendrell Joan , Fernández-Veledo Sonia
Published: July 2020

OBJECTIVE

To explore the meal response of circulating succinate in patients with obesity and type 2 diabetes undergoing bariatric surgery and to examine the role of gastrointestinal glucose sensing in succinate dynamics in healthy subjects.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

Cohort I comprised 45 patients with morbid obesity and type 2 diabetes (BMI 39.4 ± 1.9 kg/m2) undergoing metabolic surgery. Cohort II was a confirmatory cohort of 13 patients (BMI 39.3 ± 1.4 kg/m2) undergoing gastric bypass surgery. Cohort III comprised 15 healthy subjects (BMI 26.4 ± 0.5 kg/m2). Cohorts I and II completed a 2-h mixed-meal tolerance test (MTT) before the intervention and at 1 year of follow-up, and cohort II also completed a 3-h lipid test (LT). Cohort III underwent a 3-h oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and an isoglycemic intravenous glucose infusion (IIGI) study.

RESULTS

In cohort I, succinate response to MTT at follow-up was greater than before the intervention (P < 0.0001). This response was confirmed in cohort II with a greater increase after 1 year of surgery (P = 0.009). By contrast, LT did not elicit a succinate response. Changes in succinate response were associated with changes in the area under the curve of glucose (r = 0.417, P < 0.0001) and insulin (r = 0.204, P = 0.002). In cohort III, glycemia, per se, stimulated a plasma succinate response (P = 0.0004), but its response was greater in the OGTT (P = 0.02; OGTT versus IIGI).

CONCLUSIONS

The meal-related response of circulating succinate in patients with obesity and type 2 diabetes is recovered after metabolic surgery.
Intakes of Folate, Vitamin B6, and Vitamin B12 in Relation to Diabetes Incidence Among American Young Adults: A 30-Year Follow-up Study
Authors: Zhu Jie , Chen Cheng , Lu Liping , Yang Kefeng , Reis Jared , He Ka
Published: July 2020

OBJECTIVE

To prospectively examine intakes of folate, vitamin B6, and vitamin B12 in relation to diabetes incidence in a large U.S. cohort.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

A total of 4,704 American adults aged 18–30 years and without diabetes were enrolled in 1985–1986 and monitored until 2015–2016 in the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study. Dietary assessment was conducted by a validated dietary history questionnaire at baseline, in 1992–1993, and in 2005–2006. The cumulative average intakes of folate, vitamin B6, and vitamin B12 were used in the analyses. Incident diabetes was ascertained by plasma glucose levels, oral glucose tolerance tests, hemoglobin A1c concentrations, and/or antidiabetic medications.

RESULTS

During 30 years (mean 20.5 ± 8.9) of follow-up, 655 incident cases of diabetes occurred. Intake of folate, but not vitamin B6 or vitamin B12, was inversely associated with diabetes incidence after adjustment for potential confounders. Compared with the lowest quintile of total folate intake, the multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios (95% CI) in quintiles 2–5 were 0.85 (0.67–1.08), 0.78 (0.60–1.02), 0.82 (0.62–1.09), and 0.70 (0.51–0.97; Ptrend = 0.02). Higher folate intake was also associated with lower plasma homocysteine (Ptrend < 0.01) and insulin (Ptrend < 0.01). Among supplement users, folate intake was inversely associated with serum C-reactive protein levels (Ptrend < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONS

Intake of folate in young adulthood was inversely associated with diabetes incidence in midlife among Americans. The observed association may be partially explained by mechanisms related to homocysteine level, insulin sensitivity, and systemic inflammation.
Impaired succinate response to a mixed meal in obesity and type 2 diabetes is normalized after metabolic surgery
Authors: Astiarraga Brenno , Martínez Laia , Ceperuelo-Mallafré Victoria , Llauradó Gemma , Terrón-Puig Margarida , Peña M. Mar Rodríguez , Casajoana Anna , Pellitero Silvia , Megía Ana , Vilarrasa Núria , Vendrell Joan , Fernández-Veledo Sonia
Published: July 2020

Objective To explore the meal response of circulating
succinate in patients with obesity and type 2 diabetes undergoing bariatric
surgery, and to examine the role of gastrointestinal glucose sensing in succinate
dynamics in healthy subjects.

Research Design and Methods
Cohort I comprised 45 patients with morbid obesity and type 2 diabetes (BMI 39.4±1.9 kg/m2) undergoing
metabolic surgery. Cohort II was a confirmatory cohort of 13 patients (BMI 39.3±1.4 kg/m2)
undergoing gastric bypass surgery. Cohort
III comprised 15 healthy subjects (BMI 26.4±0.5 kg/m2). Cohorts
I and II completed a 2-hour meal tolerance test (MTT) before the intervention
and at one-year of follow-up, and cohort II also completed a 3-hour lipid test
(LT). Cohort III underwent a 3-hour oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and an isoglycemic
variable glucose infusion (ISO) study.

Results In cohort
I, succinate response to MTT at follow-up was greater than before the
intervention (p<0.0001). This response was confirmed in cohort II with a greater
increase after one year of surgery (p=0.009). By contrast, LT did not elicit a
succinate response. Changes in succinate response were associated with changes
in the area under the curve of glucose (r=0.417, p<0.0001) and insulin (r=0.204,
p=0.002). In cohort III, glycemia per se
stimulated a plasma succinate response (p=0.0004), but its response was greater
in the OGTT (p=0.02; OGTT versus ISO).

Conclusions The meal-related
response of circulating succinate in patients with obesity and type 2 diabetes
is recovered after metabolic surgery.
Relative hypoxia and early diabetic kidney disease in type 1 diabetes
Authors: Admin Ada , Vinovskis Carissa , Li Lu-Ping , Prasad Pottumarthi , Tommerdahl Kalie , Pyle Laura , Nelson Robert G. , Pavkov Meda E. , Raalte Daniel van , Rewers Marian , Pragnell Marlon , Mahmud Farid H. , Cherney David Z. , Johnson Richard J. , Nadeau Kristen J. , Bjornstad Petter
Published: July 2020

The objective of this
study was to compare the ratio of renal oxygen availability (RO2) to
GFR (RO2:GFR), a measure of relative renal hypoxia, in adolescents
with and without type 1 diabetes (T1D) and relate the ratio to albuminuria,
renal plasma flow (RPF), fat mass, and insulin sensitivity (M/I). RO2
was estimated by blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) MRI, fat mass by DXA, GFR and RPF by iohexol and p-aminohippurate
clearance, albuminuria by urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR), and M/I from
steady-state glucose infusion rate/insulin (mg/kg/min) by hyperglycemic clamp in
50 adolescents with T1D (16.1±3.0 years, HbA1c 8.6±1.2%) and 20 controls of
similar BMI (16.1±2.9 years, HbA1c 5.2±0.2%). The RO2:GFR
(ms/ml/min) was calculated as renal oxygen availability (T2*, ms) divided by
GFR (ml/min). Whole-kidney RO2:GFR was 25% lower in adolescents
with T1D vs. controls (p<0.0001). In adolescents with T1D, lower whole-kidney
RO2:GFR associated with higher UACR (r=-0.31, p=0.03), RPF
(r=-0.52, p=0.0009) and fat mass (r=-0.33, p=0.02). Lower
medullary RO2:GFR associated with lower M/I (r=0.31, p=0.03).
In conclusion, adolescents with T1D exhibited relative renal hypoxia that
associated with albuminuria, increased RPF, fat mass, and insulin resistance. These
data suggest a potential role of renal hypoxia in the development of DKD.
Machining of micrometer-scale high aspect ratio features with single femtosecond laser pulses
Authors: Canfield Brian K. , Costa Lino , Rajput Deepak , Terekhov Alexander , Lansford Kathleen , Hofmeister William H. , Davis Lloyd M.
Published: July 2020

The authors characterize femtosecond laser single-pulse machining of deep, micrometer-diameter holes and long, micrometer-width channels in fused silica by the use of spherical, cylindrical, and aspheric singlet lenses. Repositionable spherical lenses form an adjustable beam expander that also provides a means of minimizing—or deliberately introducing—spherical aberration (SA) in the focal region by controlling the beam divergence at the asphere. Inserting cylindrical lenses creates a line focus for machining channel patterns parallel to the sample surface and at any depth within the bulk of the sample. The effects of controlled SA and pulse energy on the depth of round-focus holes and line-focus channels are studied. Holes less than 1 μm in diameter but with depths exceeding 30 μm are observed in the case of strong positive SA. Channel patterns from ∼1 to 3 μm wide, up to 2000 μm long, and with depths of 6–40 μm can also be machined with a single pulse, depending on the lens configuration and pulse energy. For the highest pulse energies studied, channel features exhibit phenomena such as bifurcations and multiple, separated focal regions along the beam path, indicating a possible complex interplay between SA, self-focusing, and filamentation. The authors also present experiments on attempting to form arrays of closely spaced, parallel microfluidic channels in fused silica by KOH etching of line-focus features for highly parallelized microfluidic applications.
Об операторах типа Эрмита и их свойствах
Authors: Малеко Евгений
Published: July 2020

В статье рассматривается построение класса операторов типа Эрмита, являющихся обобщением классического оператора Эрмита. Изучены их свойства. Имеются примеры построения таких операторов.
Key Melanesian media freedom challenges: Climate crisis, internet freedoms, fake news and West Papua
Authors: Robie David
Published: July 2020

Melanesia, and the microstates of the Pacific generally, face the growing influence of authoritarian and secretive values in the region—projected by both China and Indonesia and with behind-the-scenes manipulation. There is also a growing tendency for Pacific governments to use unconstitutional, bureaucratic or legal tools to silence media and questioning journalists. Frequent threats of closing Facebook and other social media platforms and curbs on online freedom of information are another issue. While Pacific news media face these challenges, their support networks are being shaken by the decline of Australia as a so-called ‘liberal democracy’ and through the undermining of its traditional region-wide public interest media values with the axing of Radio Australia and Australia Network television. Reporting climate change is the Pacific’s most critical challenge while Australian intransigence over the issue is subverting the region’s media. This article engages with and examines these challenges and also concludes that the case of West Papua is a vitally important self-determination issue that left unresolved threatens the security of the region.
REVIEW: A symbol of all that is wrong with the ‘war on terror’
Authors: Robie David
Published: July 2020

Prisoner 345: My 2330 days in Guantánamo, by Sami Alhaj. Doha, Qatar: Al Jazeera Media Network, 2019. 126 pages. No ISBN. The Refugee’s Messenger: Lost Stories Retold, edited by Tarek Cherkaoui. Istanbul, Turkey: TRT World Research Centre, 2019. 192 Pages. ISBN 978-605-9984-28-7
A RECENT article in the Middle East Eye pilloried the United States lack of preparedness for the onslaught of the coronavirus pandemic. Lamenting that if only the world’s richest democracy could have instead of frittering away trillions of dollars on ‘endless wars’  invested in the country’s health infrastructure, the world would be in a better place today. Washington had ‘built an entire infrastructure to counter terrorism and criminalise Muslim communities’, spending almost $6.4 trillion on pointless wars that had killed off half a million people since September 11 2011 (Hilal & Raja, 2020). Yet, which was the biggest threat – the elusive target of the so-called ‘war on terror’, or the pandemic, which killed more than 20,000 Americans and infected a further 500,000 (with numbers still rising when this edition of PJR went to press)?
REVIEW: Documentary records continuing independence struggle in West Papua
Authors: Gooch Nicole
Published: July 2020

The War Next Door, reported by Sally Sara. Foreign Correspondent. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. Broadcast: 12 May 2020. 30 minutes. https://www.abc.net.au/foreign/the-war-next-door/12239998

‘WE GOT to keep on pushing forward,’ sings the band Sorong Samarai, which means from the tip of West Papua, Sorong, to Samari, the island which lies at the eastern tip of mainland Papua New Guinea, Samarai. ‘One people, one soul, one destiny.’
REVIEW: Noted: Study of diasporic film making raises intriguing questions
Authors: Cass Philip
Published: July 2020

Migrant and Diasporic Film and Filmmaking in New Zealand, edited by Arezou Zalipour. Singapore: Springer Nature, 2019. 209 pages. ISBN 9789811313783.

IF PEOPLE think about diasporic cinema in New Zealand, they probably think about comedies like Sione’s Wedding or Curry Munchers or web series like Flat3. What they all have in common is an attempt to portray different aspects of a particular diasporic community’s life from the inside. Some films have been more successful than others; some exist only online or at film festivals.
EDITORIAL: Melanesian media freedom
Authors: Ubayasiri Kasun , Valencia-Forrester Faith , Newton Cain Tess , Robie David
Published: July 2020

The sovereign states of Melanesia are countries where the yoke of colonialism and struggles for independence are still within living memory. There are territories within Melanesia where the questions and complexities associated with achieving self-determination are very much live issues. In West Papua, this issue is one over which blood continues to be spilt. As these countries, and the communities within them, grapple with political-economic and technical shifts, the need for independent journalism is self-evident. However, journalists, editors, publishers and media owners face a barrage of challenges to their ability to operate free from repression or coercion by those who wield power in their societies. Some of these challenges are overt and can extend to threats or physical intimidation. Others are more subtle but no less pervasive and damaging. They lead to a narrowing of the media landscape, the loss of talented professionals to other areas, the rise of self-censorship, and more.
A Case Study on the Application of Cognitive Strategies to Malay Mandarin Learners
Authors: Ya Ling Lew
Published: July 2020

Through questionnaire survey and interview, this research analyzes the cognitive strategies application of Universiti Teknologi MARA Perlis Malay students during their Mandarin language learning process. This research then further conducts the case studies on the good language learners, to find out the method of cognitive strategies used by the good language learners to enhance Mandarin language using ability. The results have shown that, good language learners prefer to learn Mandarin through Mandarin films and pay more attention to the use of Chinese characters in social media than general learners. On the whole, there are not many applications of cognitive strategies for the Malay students, and their awareness of self-directed learning is still weak. Therefore, this study also explores the methods of teachers to assist students in learning.
Exploring Job Design as Predictors of Job Performance at A Malaysian Automobile Company
Authors: Iberahim Hadijah , Shamsul Anis Suraya , Azhar Fara Athira , Aminuddin Zakiah Hanim
Published: July 2020

An organization must initiate an adequate job design for the employees to required job performance. A question arises on how a company could gain high job performance in a particular setting in a dynamic business environment and diverse background. This study examines the influence of four components of job design as predictors to job performance; job enrichment, job rotation, job enlargement, and job simplification. While job design is proven to contribute to high job performance, some literature states its limitations. This study adopted a case study method to investigate issues faced by a leading automobile company in Malaysia. Primary data was collected through a series of interviews and a distribution of questionnaires. A multiple regression model was used to explore the predictors of job performance. It was found that job rotation and job enlargement were significant to job performance, while the insignificant effect of job enrichment and job simplification needs to be reviewed. The results of the analysis were discussed in line with feedback from interviews and related literature. The study contributed to the new understandings on critical factors of job design that influence job performance in the support cluster of a manufacturing company.
Perceptions of Coaching Behavior and Its Impact on Managerial of Team Sports Performance
Authors: Mohd Kassim Ahmad Fikri , Mohd Aznan Ellail Ain , Abdul Halim Nurul Syuhadah
Published: July 2020

Sports coaches being important factors that affect athletes learning and development. Sports coaches fulfilling instructional, strategies, social relationship and psychosocial outcomes for athletes’ development. Managerial coaching is an essential element of management in human resource development to improve individual performance. Coaching behaviour has key elements to improve individual or team performance. Therefore, this research aimed to investigate the athlete’s perception of coaching behaviour in team sport athletes. 120 athletes from three (3) team sport, i. Football (n=40), ii. Netball (n=40) and iii. Hockey (n=40) completed a questionnaire pack assessing the study variables. Results revealed that there were significant differences perceived “Physical Training” between genders, and “Positive rapport” between genders. Results also indicated significant differences between all the three (3) team sports for physical training, positive rapport behaviour, and negative rapport behaviour. The findings of this study suggest athletes’ perceptions of their coach’s behaviour influence by athletes’ predilection through gender and types of sports. Thus, athletes’ perceptions of their coach behaviour have important values for coach’s approaches and management on team sports performance.
Coach Effectiveness and Transformational Leadership in Sport: The Effects of Gender and Athlete Experience
Authors: Mohd Kassim Ahmad Fikri , Hassan Siti Hasmah
Published: July 2020

Research has demonstrated the potential importance of transformational leadership and perceived effectiveness of sport coaches for athlete development. Further, coach/athlete gender and athlete sport experience may influence athletes’ perceptions of their coach’s effectiveness. Researchers to date have not investigated the potential impact of coach/athlete gender and athlete sport experience on athletes’ perceptions of their coach’s transformational leadership, or replicated the findings of Kavussanu et. al. (2008). Thus, this research explored the coaching efficacy model and transformational leadership theory as were the guiding frameworks. Male (n = 150) and female (n = 147) athletes from team (football [n = 49], hockey [n = 53], rugby [n = 51]) and individual (badminton [n = 50], swimming [n = 45], gymnastics [n = 49]) sports completed the coaching effectiveness scale and the differentiated transformational leadership inventory. Multiple regression analyses revealed (a) athlete sport experience did not predict athletes’ perceptions of coach effectiveness or transformational leadership, (b) female athletes perceived their coaches to be more effective on all dimensions of coach effectiveness and higher on all dimensions of transformational leadership than male athletes, and (c) coaches were perceived more effective in motivation effectiveness and higher on all dimensions of transformational leadership when they were of the opposite gender to athletes than when gender matched between coach and athlete. In conclusion, coach and athlete gender may have important implications for athletes’ perceptions of transformational leadership and coach effectiveness in team and individual sports.