bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sınıf Öğretmenlerinin Disiplin Suçlarına ve Disiplin Cezalarına İlişkin Bilgi Düzeylerinin Çeşitli Değişkenler Açısından İncelenmesi
Authors: TAŞ Halil , KIROĞLU Kasım
Published: December 2018

Araştırmanın
amacı, sınıf
öğretmenlerinin disiplin suçlarına ve disiplin cezalarına ilişkin bilgi
düzeylerini belirlemek ve bu bilgi düzeyinin cinsiyetlerine, mezun oldukları
okul türüne ve mesleki kıdemlerine göre farklılık gösterip göstermediğini ortaya
koymaktır. Tarama modeli niteliğinde olan araştırmanın evrenini, 2017-2018
eğitim-öğretim yılında, Ordu ilindeki ilkokullarda görev yapan 844 sınıf
öğretmeni, örneklemini ise oranlı tabakalı örnekleme yöntemiyle seçilen 300
sınıf öğretmeni oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmada, verilerin toplanmasında nicel ve
nitel araştırma teknikleri kullanılmış; nicel veri toplama aracı olarak Disiplin Suçlarına ve Diplin Cezalarına İlişkin
Bilgi Düzeyini Ölçme Testi, nitel veri toplama aracı olarak ise görüşme formu
kullanılmıştır. Araştırmada elde edilen verilerin analizinde frekans, t-testi,
tek yönlü varyans analizi ve Scheffe çoklu karşılaştırma testi kullanılmıştır.
Görüşme yoluyla elde edilen veriler ise kategorilerine göre sayısallaştırılarak
(nicelleştirilerek) nitel verilerin sayısal analizi yapılmıştır. Araştırma
sonuçları, sınıf öğretmenlerinin disiplin suçlarına ve disiplin cezalarına
ilişkin bilgi düzeylerinin düşük düzeyde olduğunu, bilgi düzeylerinin cinsiyetlerine
ve mesleki kıdemlerine göre farklılıklar gösterdiğini, mezun oldukları okul
türüne göre ise farklılık göstermediğini ortaya koymuştur. Yapılan
görüşmelerde, öğretmenlerin büyük bir kısmının disiplin suçlarına ve disiplin
cezalarına ilişkin bilgileri soruşturma geçirince öğrendikleri ve öğretmenlerin
disiplin suçlarına ve disiplin cezalarına ilişkin bilgi düzeylerinin
yükseltilmesi için üniversitelerde dersler konması gerektiğini önerdikleri
görülmüştür.
Değişim ve Devamlılık: Türkiye’de Vatandaşlık ve Sosyal Bilgiler Ders Kitaplarında Asker-Sivil İlişkileri ve Darbeler (1950-2012)
Authors: ŞEN Abdulkerim
Published: December 2018

Türkiye uluslaşma ve modernleşme tarihinin en
önemli aktörlerinden birisi olan ordunun devlet sistemi içerisindeki politik
otonomisi ve politikaya müdahil eylemleri demokrasi norm ve ilkeleriyle
bağdaşmayan bir görünüm sergilemiştir. Ordu, demokrasi normlarına göre bir
anomali teşkil eden bu konum ve eylemlerini, eğitim gibi kamusal diskur üretme
araçları ile meşrulaştırma yoluna gitmiştir. Mevcut eğitim araştırmaları,
Türkiye’de ordunun anti-demokratik konum ve eylemlerini meşrulaştıran militarist
diskurların sosyal eğitim yoluyla nasıl yeniden üretildiklerine ve
yaygınlaştırıldıklarına yeterli ilgi göstermemiştir. Bu çalışma, militarist
diskurların eğitimde nasıl yankılandığını, 1950-2012 yılları arasında okutulmuş
16 adet ortaokul (8. sınıf) vatandaşlık ve sosyal bilgiler ders kitabının
kritik söylem analizini yaparak göstermeyi amaçlamaktadır. Araştırmanın
bulgularına göre, militarist diskurlar, 1950’den itibaren değişen yoğunlukta ders
kitaplarında yer bulmuş ve 28 Şubat 1997 askeri müdahalesi sonrası zirve
yapmıştır. Ders kitaplarında tespit edilen militarist diskurlar ordunun devlet
sistemi içerisindeki politik otonomisini ve demokratik sistemin işleyişine
zarar veren veya onu kesintiye uğratan müdahalelerini normalize etmiş,
doğallaştırmış ve hatta yüceltmiştir. Türkiye’nin Avrupa Birliği (AB) üyeliği
için adaylık statüsü aldığı 1999 Helsinki Zirvesi sonrası azalmaya başlayan
militarist diskurlar, 2010’lu yıllarda büyük ölçüde ders kitaplarından
kaybolmuştur. Ders kitaplarının militarist diskurlardan temizlenmesinde AB
üyelik reformlarının çok belirgin bir rol oynadığını ileri süren mevcut
çalışma, militarist diskurların eğitimde tekrar yankılanmasını önlemeye ve Türkiye’de
sosyal eğitimin demokratikleşmesine katkılar sunabilir.
Ortaokul Öğrencilerinin Aile İlişkileri Ve Mutluluk Düzeyleri Arasındaki İlişkinin İncelenmesi
Authors: MERT Abdullah , KAHRAMAN Meliha
Published: December 2018

Bu
çalışmada, ortaokul 6. ve 7. sınıf öğrencilerinin aile ilişkileri ve mutluluk
düzeyleri arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi amaçlanmaktadır. Araştırma
kapsamında, 2015-2016 eğitim öğretim yılında Uşak il merkezinde çeşitli
okullarda ortaokul eğitimine devam eden % 48’i (362 kız öğrenci) kadın ve %
52’si (385 erkek öğrenci) olmak üzere toplam 747 öğrenci değerlendirmeye
alınmıştır. Verilerin toplanmasında, öğrencilerin aile ilişkilerine ilişkin veriler
için “Çocuklar İçin Aile İlişkileri Ölçeği” ve çocukların mutluluk düzeyleri
için  “Okul Çocuklarının Mutluluk
Envanteri” kullanılmıştır. Verilerin analiz işlemleri SPSS’in 20.0 paket
programı kullanılarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Mutluluk ve aile ilişkileri
arasında anlamlı bir ilişki olup olmadığına ilişkin korelasyon katsayılarına
bakılmıştır. Ayrıca destekleyici ve engelleyici aile ilişkilerinin, mutluluğu
ne derecede yordadığını belirlemek amacıyla aşamalı regresyon analizi
yapılmıştır. Mevcut araştırmanın bulguları ortaokul öğrencilerinin destekleyici
aile ilişkileri arttıkça mutluluk düzeylerinin de arttığını göstermektedir.
Elde edilen sonuçlar ilgili literatür kapsamında değerlendirilerek önerilerde
bulunulmuştur.
Okul Yöneticisinin Kullandığı Motivasyonel Dilin Öğretmen Tükenmişliğindeki Rolü
Authors: DEMİR Selçuk
Published: December 2018

Bu
çalışmanın amacı okul yöneticisinin motivasyonel dili ile öğretmen tükenmişliği
arasındaki ilişkinin belirlenmesidir. Araştırmada ilişkisel tarama modeli
kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın örneklemini, Hatay il merkezinde bulunan kamu
ortaokullarında 2017–2018 eğitim-öğretim yılında görev yapmakta olan
öğretmenler arasından yansız olarak seçilmiş 33 okulda çalışan 348 öğretmen
oluşturmaktadır. Verilerin toplanmasında “Motivasyonel Dil Ölçeği” ve “Öğretmen
Tükenmişlik Ölçeği” kullanılmıştır. Veriler SPSS programı ile analiz
edilmiştir. Araştırma bulgularına göre; okul yöneticisinin kullandığı
motivasyonel dil öğretmen tükenmişliğini negatif ve anlamlı olarak
yordamaktadır. Ayrıca, motivasyonel dilin yönlendirici dil alt boyutu öğretmen
tükenmişliğini anlamlı olarak yordarken, empatik dil ve anlam oluşturucu dil
alt boyutları öğretmen tükenmişliğini anlamlı olarak yordamamaktadır. Bu
çalışma; liderler, etkili sonuçlara ulaşmak için motivasyonel dilin her üç
unsurunu da uygun bir şekilde birlikte kullanmalılar, şeklindeki Motivasyonel
Dil Teorisi’nin ana varsayımlarından birinin öğretmen tükenmişliğindeki azalış
bağlamında geçerli olmadığını göstermiştir. Öğretmen tükenmişliğini azaltmak
isteyen okul yöneticisinin öğretmenler tarafından algılanan motivasyonel dilini
ve özellikle yönlendirici alt boyutunu geliştirmeleri önemli görülmektedir
Türkçe Ders Kitaplarında Hegemonik Erkeklik
Authors: YÜREK Nurcan , BALCI KARABOĞA F. Ayşe
Published: December 2018

Hegemonik
erkeklik, Connell’in dört erkeklik tipinden biridir. Connell, bu kategoriyi oluşturan
erkeklerin, kadınları ve geri kalan diğer erkek kategorilerini de baskıladığını
söylemektedir. Erkeklik kategorilerinin sayıca en az olduğu bu grup erkekler,
sistemin ihtiyaç duyduğu değişikliklere ayak uydurarak sürekli bir yenilenme
halindedir. Hegemonik erkeklik toplumsal kurumlar tarafından yeniden ve yeniden
üretilerek var olagelmektedir. Özellikle medya ve eğitim alanlarında hegemonik
erkekliğin temsiliyetine dair çalışmalar son zamanlarda önem kazanmıştır. Okul,
çocukların aileden sonra sosyalleştiği ikinci kurumdur. Çocuğun hayatının büyük
bir kısmını kapsaması, öğretim ayağı ile birlikte eğitim ayağının da bulunması
sebepleriyle okulun; çocukların kişiliklerine, duygusal ve düşünsel algılarına
olan etkisi tartışmasızdır. Hegemonik erkeklik, toplumsal kurumlarca üretilmektedir.
Bir toplumsal kurum ve çocuklar için sistematik bir eğitim öğretim kalıbı olan
okullarda hegemonik erkeklik; ders materyalleri, öğretmen tutum ve davranışları
gibi araçlarla yeniden üretilmektedir. Bu çalışma, hegemonik erkekliğin
ortaokul Türkçe ders kitaplarındaki yansımalarını ortaya koymayı
amaçlamaktadır. Yapılan çalışmada literatürdeki hegemonik erkeklik
tanımlarından yola çıkılarak elde edilen özellikler listelenmiş ve bu
özelliklerin incelenen metinlerdeki erkek karakterler üzerinden görünürlüğü
araştırılmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda hegemonik erkeklik imajına ait bazı
özelliklerin metinlerde geçen erkek karakterlerce temsil edildiği görülmüştür.
Gilaburu Bitkisinin (Viburnum opulus L.) Meyve, Sap ve Yaprağının Mineral İçeriği
Authors: TAŞKIN Onur , AŞIK Barış Bülent , İZLİ Nazmi
Published: December 2018

Sonuçlar yapraklardaki protein ve mineral madde
içeriklerinin (Bakır hariç) meyve ve saptan daha yüksek olduğunu ve yaprakların
alternatif değerlendirme olanaklarının araştırılması gerektiğini ortaya
koymaktadır. Meyve, sap ve yaprakların protein sonuçları ise
sırasıyla %0.52, %0.51 ve %12.10 olarak belirlenmiştir. Gilaburu meyve, sap ve yapraklarının makro element
içerikleri sırasıyla %0.52-0.51-1.94 Azot (N), %0.09-0.04-0.42 Fosfor (P), %0.93-0.10-1.17
Potasyum (K), %0.21-0.48-2.44 Kalsiyum (Ca), %0.05-0.04-0.37 Magnezyum (Mg) ve
%0.04-0.06-0.09 Sodyum (Na) olarak tespit edilmiştir. Mikro elementleri ise 12.81-215.83-436.35
mg kg-1 Demir (Fe), 5.69-12.38-8.05 mg kg-1 Bakır (Cu), 6.45-19.97-25.81
mg kg-1 Çinko (Zn) ve 1.56-26.62-40.47 mg kg-1 Mangan
(Mn) olarak bulunmuştur. araştırılmıştır.doğada
organik olarak yetişen gilaburunun meyve, sap ve yapraklarının mineral
madde ve protein içerikleriBu çalışmada,
BAĞIMSIZ DENETİM STANDARDI (BDS) 701 ÇERÇEVESİNDE KİLİT DENETİM KONULARI: BORSA İSTANBUL’DAKİ İŞLETMELERİN DENETİM RAPORLARI ÜZERİNE BİR ANALİZ
Authors: VARICI İdris , ÇAĞIRAN Fevziye Kalıpçı
Published: December 2018

Özellikle finansal krizlerle birlikte
ortaya çıkan muhasebe skandalları, finansal tablo kullanıcılarının daha fazla
bilgi içeren ve daha şeffaf denetim raporları taleplerini ortaya çıkarmıştır. Bu
anlamda Uluslararası Denetim ve Güvence Standartları Kurulu’nun (IAASB)
yayınladığı ISA 701’e paralel olarak, Türkiye’de Kamu Gözetim Kurumu BDS 701
Kilit Denetim Konularının Denetim Raporunda Bildirilmesi Standardını 2017
yılında Resmi Gazete’de yayımlamıştır. Üst yönetimle iletişim halinde
belirlenen ve denetçinin mesleki muhakemesinin etkin olduğu denetimde önem arz
eden konulara kilit denetim konuları (KDK) denilmekte ve bu konular arasından
kilit denetim konuları seçilmektedir. Bu çalışmada Borsa İstanbul’da faaliyet
gösteren imalat sektörüne ait işletmelerin 2017 yılı denetim raporları içerik
bakımından analiz edilmiştir. Analiz kapsamında; sektörde hangi KDK’larda
yoğunlaşma olduğu, KDK belirleme ölçütleri araştırıldıktan sonra, KDK sayıları,
KDK sunulma şekilleri, alt sektör, denetim raporu sayfa sayısı, denetim
kuruluşu ve görüş türü bakımından farklılıklar ayrıntısı ile analiz edilmiştir.
Intracardiac hemodynamic abnormalities in patients with sarcoidosis
Authors: Leonova E. I. , Shmelev E. I. , Amansakhedov R. B.
Published: December 2018

The aim of this study was to evaluate intracardiac hemodynamic abnormalities in patients with pulmonary sarcoidosis and to investigate relevant factors. Methods. The study involved 42 patients with chronic pulmonary sarcoidosis. Chest computed tomography (CT), echocardiography, body plethysmography, spirometry, 6-minute walking test, and measurements of lung diffusing capacity (DLCO), blood gases and blood C-reactive protein (CRP) were performed in all patients. Results. Chronic cor pulmonale was detected in 26.2% of patients. The right heart diastolic dysfunction was found in 14.3% of patients, the left heart diastolic dysfunction was found in 23.8% of patients, the mean pulmonary artery pressure (mPAP) was increased in 19% of patients. The right ventricular diameter was found to be related to the inspiratory bronchial resistance (Rin) (R = 0.480; p = 0.02), the intrathoracic gas volume (ITGV) (R = –0.670; p = 0.001), DLCO(R = 0.438; p = 0.013), and pulmonary fibrosis. The right heart systolic function (TAPSE) was related to DLCO(R = 0.518; p = 0.006), the total lung capacity (TLC) (R = 0.639; p = 0.001) and pulmonary fibrosis. The increased mPAP was related to the extension of disseminated lung lesions (R = 0.716; p = 0.018), blood oxygen partial pressure (R = 0.486; p = 0.017) and CRP level. The 6-min distance was related to Rin, the right ventricular diameter, parameters of the right heart diastolic function (tricuspid E / A ratio) (R = 0.486; p = 0.01), and ITGV (R = 0.494; p = 0.006). Conclusion. The development of cor pulmonale in patients with pulmonary sarcoidosis was related to DLCO, Rin and pulmonary fibrosis. The extension of disseminated lung lesions, hypoxemia and increased CRP were related to pulmonary hypertension. Different factors associated with cor pulmonale and pulmonary hypertension in sarcoidosis could prompt further investigation of different phenotypes of this disease with the intrinsic central hemodynamic abnormalities.
Possibilities and limitations of inhaled corticosteroids in the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Leshchenko I. V.
Published: December 2018

Combinations of inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) and long-acting bronchodilators are recommended for those patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) who did not improve significantly with regular long-acting bronchodilators. ICS are known to increase the risk of pneumonia in elderly patients (over 55 years), current smokers, patients with acute exacerbation of COPD, patients with history of previous pneumonia, patients with body mass index < 25 kg/m2, and patients with dyspnea or severe airflow limitation. The risk-benefit ratio should be considered before initiating the treatment with ICS in COPD patients, particularly in patients with the risk factors of adverse events associated with ICS.
Cardiorenal relationships and a role of vitamin D in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Bolotova E. V. , Yavlyanskaya V. V. , Dudnikova A. V.
Published: December 2018

Cardiorenal relationships in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are discussed in this review. Pathophysiology of cardiorenal syndrome is not fully understood, but supposed to be a complex condition resulted from neurohumoral activation, endothelial dysfunction, proteinuria, oxidative stress, uremia, and other factors. The airflow limitation in COPD could enhance those mechanisms. Recent studies discussed such therapeutic strategies as therapy of haemodymanic or neurohumoral abnormalities, but therapeutic approaches in this disease need further investigations. The lungs could play a role as a part of the cardiorenopulmonary syndrome. Effects of vitamin D on the main parameters of the cardiorenal syndrome and on COPD course have been published. Recent clinical and experimental findings consider vitamin D not only as a marker of the cardiorenal syndrome, but also as a therapeutic target in COPD.
Surgical treatment of a female patient with tracheomalacia and expiratory tracheal stenosis
Authors: Parshin V. D. , Avdeev S. N. , Rusakov M. A. , Titov V. A. , Parshin A. V.
Published: December 2018

Abnormal mobility of the posterior membranous wall of the trachea and large bronchi is seen in many bronchopulmonary chronic inflammatory diseases. Currently, clear explanation of a mechanism of the expiratory tracheal stenosis (ETS) is absent. The advanced ETS is associated with severe ventilation abnormalities including asphyxia and syncope. The latter conditions are considered as indications for surgical treatment. Results of the surgical treatment are controversial and are not fully acceptable. For this reason, the surgical treatment for ETS is not routinely used and any successive case of such treatment is of great interest. Strict indications, such as life-threatening conditions or failure of optimal medical treatment, are required for surgical treatment of patients with tracheomalacia and ETS. Surgical treatment for tracheomalacia and ETS is contraindicated in the case of lobar bronchial lesion impeding stabilization the membranous part of the tracheobronchial tree.
Evaluation of anti-inflammatory activity of ethanolic extract of Gmelina arborea in experimental acute and sub-acute inflammatory models in wistar rats
Authors: Gandigawad Priya , Poojar Basavaraj , Hodlur Nandan , Sori Ravi K.
Published: December 2018

Background: Inflammation is a complex reaction to various injurious agents such as infections, trauma, foreign bodies, tissue necrosis, physical and chemical agents, that consists of vascular responses, migration and activation of leukocytes and systemic reactions. Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) are currently the most commonly prescribed drugs for treating pain and inflammation. The traditional NSAIDs usually cause various adverse effects on long term use. Gmelina arborea Linn (Gambhari) belongs to family Verbenaceae. The roots, leaves, flowers, fruits and bark are used for treating different ailments as anthelmintic, analgesic, anti-pyretic, antidiabetic, antimicrobial, diuretic and other common disorders.Methods: The study was carried out by using inflammatory models in wistar rats. The anti-inflammatory activity of G. arborea was compared with standard drug aspirin. The study parameters for acute inflammation was assessment of reduction in inflammation & the percentage inhibition of the paw edema. The parameter for the sub-acute inflammation was percentage inhibition of the dry granuloma weight.Results: The low and high dose of G. arborea root extract significantly showed the anti-inflammatory activity when compared to control group. The high dose of G. arborea extract showed comparable results in parameters like reducing inflammation, percentage inhibition of paw edema and dry granuloma weight in acute carrageenan paw edema and sub-acute inflammation cotton pellet granuloma models with standard aspirin treated group.Conclusions: Since G. arborea root extract was having all the qualities required for anti-inflammatory drug. However, no clear inference can be drawn at this stage and hence we consider the work for further extensive research.
Comparative efficacy of pregabalin and baclofen in the rodent chronic constriction injury model of neuropathic pain
Authors: Kohli Saurabh , Sharma Taruna , Kalra Juhi , Dhasmana Dilip C.
Published: December 2018

Background: Neuropathic pain is associated with prolonged disability and is usually not responsive to conventional analgesics like NSAIDs and opioids. Even the recommended first-line drugs are effective in less than 50% patients. Thus, drugs with different mechanisms of action are needed. Baclofen, a GABA-B agonist has shown benefit in different types of neuropathic pains and is compared against pregabalin.Methods: The sciatic nerve was ligated in 2 groups of 6 rats each as per the chronic constriction injury model of neuropathic pain on day 0. After 14 days the effect of single doses of pregabalin (30mg/kg) and baclofen (5mg/kg) intraperitoneally were assessed over a 2 hours period. Thermal and mechanical hyperalgesia were assessed as measures of neuropathic pain by the hotplate and pin-prick method respectively.Results: Significant thermal and mechanical hyperalgesia was produced 14 days after sciatic nerve ligation in both the groups (p <0.05). Both pregabalin (p <0.001) and baclofen (p <0.01) were effective in decreasing thermal hyperalgesia throughout the two hours study period, but pregabalin was more effective as compared to baclofen (p <0.05) at 30, 60 and 120minutes. Both the drugs produced a significant decrease in mechanical hyperalgesia (p <0.01) throughout the study period. Again, pregabalin was the more effective drug (p <0.05) at all time points.Conclusions: Significant thermal and mechanical hyperalgesia was seen 14 days after sciatic nerve ligation. Both pregabalin and baclofen were effective in reversing the hyperalgesia, but pregabalin was the more effective of the two drugs at all time points.
Relative oral bioavailability of three formulations of vitamin D3: An open-label, three-treatment study
Authors: Nandgaye Krishnakumar M. , Samant Rajaram S. , Kadam Santoshi B. , Palkar Prashant J.
Published: December 2018

Background: Supplementation of vitamin D2 or vitamin D3 is recommended for vitamin D deficiency. Weekly supplementation of 60,000 IU of vitamin D3 increases serum 25(OH) D to optimal values. Various marketed forms of vitamin D3 include tablets, capsule, granules and oral solution. The main objective of this study is to compare the relative bioavailability of vitamin D3 oral solution with vitamin D3 tablet and capsule.Methods: This is an open-label, randomized, single-dose, three-treatment study to compare the relative bioavailability of vitamin D3 oral solution with capsule and tablet. Subjects (n=70) were supplemented with single dose of one of these formulations and their blood sample were assessed for Cmax, AUC0-28d and Tmax.Results: The logarithmic transformed data of pharmacokinetic parameters were analyzed for 90% Confidence Intervals (CI) using ANOVA. The mean (90% CI) values of vitamin D3 oral solution against tablet for the ratio of Cmax and AUC0-28d were 113.00 (105.32-121.23) and 105.54 (97.95-113.72) respectively. The mean (90% CI) values of vitamin D3 oral solution against capsule for the ratio of Cmax and AUC0-28d were 115.02 (106.38 - 124.37) and 112.33 (104.44 - 120.81) respectively. These values were within the bioequivalence range of 80-125%.Conclusions: It is concluded that vitamin D3 Oral Solution formulated with nanotechnology is bioequivalent to vitamin D3 tablet and capsule. However, oral solution of vitamin D3 shows higher Cmax and AUC when compared to tablet and capsule formulations.
A case of carbamazepine-induced vitamin B12 deficiency and neuropathy
Authors: Jayakumar Ilathamizhan , Mathaiyan Jayanthi
Published: December 2018

Drug induced Neuropathy is seen commonly in patients undergoing treatment with drugs like phenytoin, dapsone, isoniazid etc. Carbamazepine is a drug used in the treatment in the treatment of focal seizure, generalized tonic - clonic seizure and trigeminal neuralgia. It is presented a case of carbamazepine induced vitamin B12 deficiency and neuropathy. A 21 year old male presented to our hospital with complaints of history of slipping of footwear while walking, numbness, impairment of balance and unsteadiness of gait in both lower limbs. Detailed history revealed the patient was on treatment with carbamazepine for tonic - clonic seizure for three months. He is non- smoker, non -alcoholic, not on treatment with other drugs and there is no family history of diabetes mellitus/ sensory neuropathy. On examination power was normal on both lower limbs, vibration sensation was decreased in both lower limbs, sensation was reduced, joint position was affected in bilateral toe and ankle reflex was absent. Vitamin B12 level was found to be 83pg/ml. The patient was discontinued from carbamazepine and started on vitamin B12 therapy and the symptoms subsides slowly. Causality assessment done by WHO- UMC probability method and Naranjo Adverse Drug Reactions Probability Scale showed “Probable” association.
Risk factor and outcome of retinopathy of prematurity among premature babies admitted to tertiary care hospital: a prospective observational study
Authors: Shegji Vijaykumar , Dhanwadkar Sharanabasappa S. , Kalyanshettar S. S. , Patil S. V. , N. B Ashwini Kumara
Published: December 2018

Background: Retinopathy of prematurity is a multifactorial vaso-proliferative retinal disorder that increases in incidence with gestational age. ROP is a vascular retinal disease that can cause low vision or blindness. ROP is a common blinding disease in children in the developed world despite current treatment and is becoming increasingly prevalent in the developing world. The purpose of this study was to determine risk factor and outcome of ROP among premature infants admitted to NICU of Shri B M Patil Medical College Hospital and Research Centre-Vijaypur.Methods: Preterm babies less than 35 weeks of gestation or less than 2000grams of birth weight delivered in or referred to Department of Paediatrics at B. L. D. E. U’s Shri B M Patil Medical College Hospital and Research Centre, Vijayapur.Results: Of 153 neonates screened 49 infants had ROP. The incidence of ROP in this study was found to be 32.02% among the babies screened. 25 babies were in stage 1(51.0%) 19 babies were in stage 2(38.8%) two babies from stage 2 progressed to plus disease and 5 babies with APROP (10.2%).Conclusions: The present study reflects the problem of ROP in a tertiary care centre. The incidence of ROP in our study was 32.02 % for any stage. The percentage of neonates who had ROP in the gestational age group ≤32 weeks 36.5%, 24.1%in the 32-36 weeks gestational age group and 40 % in >35 weeks of gestational age group. A statistically significant correlation between birth weight and ROP was also shown in our study. Our study showed greater risk of developing ROP with birth weights less than 1750g. There exists a statistically very high significant correlation between ROP and supplemental oxygen. Also, there is a statistically significant correlation between RDS and ROP.
A case series of cyclic vomiting syndrome in paediatric patients at a tertiary care hospital in Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
Authors: Mittal Ruchi R. , Ravichandran Latha , Elayaraja Elayaraja
Published: December 2018

Background: Cyclic vomiting syndrome is an increasingly recognized disorder with sudden, repeated episodes of severe nausea, vomiting, and physical exhaustion that occur with no apparent cause. It is more common in children than adults. However, we don’t often see a diagnosis of cyclic vomiting syndrome being made. Hereby we report 7 cases of cyclical vomiting.Methods: This is a retrospective study. Medical records of 5 years were review and consecutive paediatric patients discharged with a diagnosis of cyclic vomiting syndrome were identified, data collected and analysed.Results: Total of 7 cases were found, all of which were adolescents. The mean age was 13.28. 57.14% (4) were females and 42.86% (3) were boys. 42.86% (3) presented with complications. 14.28% (1) had an association with menstrual cycles and 14.28% (1) had an association with psychological stress.Conclusions: Cyclic vomiting syndrome should be kept in mind when a child presents with multiple episodes of vomiting, especially when repeated admissions have been made for the same. Early diagnosis and treatment can improve the quality of life.
Knowledge, attitude and practices of oral rehydration therapy among mothers coming to tertiary care centre
Authors: K. R. Haricharan , S. Punith , P. J. Harsha , R. Gowtham
Published: December 2018

Background: Diarrhoea is a major cause of morbidity and mortality among under-five children. Correct knowledge regarding oral rehydration therapy (ORT) helps prevent morbidity and mortality due to diarrhoea. The objective of this study is to assess the knowledge, attitude and practice of mothers of under-five children regarding ORT and home management of diarrhoea.Methods: Study period from December 1st, 2017 to December 31st, 2017, total of 200 mothers were enrolled in this study. The data was entered in Microsoft excel sheet and percentages were calculated.Results: 95% of mothers were aware about ORS. ORS was given by parents on own in16%, 55% were advised by doctor. Only 60% knew how to prepare ORS correctly. About 45.7% had used bottle to give ORS and 55.3% used cup and spoon. About 67.9% had knowledge of quantity of ORS to be given during diarrhoea episode. Exclusive breast feeding was practised in 86% of mothers till 6 months of age. Misconceptions about the use of ORS were seen in 60% and more among illiterates. About 21% mothers’ felt ORS should be stopped if diarrhoea continues. Only 5% of mothers felt ORS can be given even if child has vomiting. About 9% mothers felt no fluids should be given during diarrhoea.Conclusions: Mothers’ knowledge and attitude on use of ORS in diarrhoea need to be improved.
Nature and extent of disciplinary practices used by school teachers
Authors: Bains Harmesh Singh , Sareen Manu Sharma
Published: December 2018

Background: The aim of the study is to analyze the nature, extent and associated factors of disciplinary practices used by school teachers.Methods: A cross-sectional analytic study. Subjects: 165 school teachers. Methods: Teachers completed a structured questionnaire, which included nature and extent of disciplinary methods used and their views on the issue. Statistical analysis was done through Chi square test.Results: 70.9% Teachers felt that physical punishment is needed to discipline school children. 58.2% of teachers indulged in the same though of these 84.2% opinioned that it may be harmful. Methods used were: counselling followed by physical punishment 41.67 % , slapping (14.6%), angry shouting (11.5), shaking (9.4), swearing (6.2), and skin pinch (3.1). Common reasons for punishment included: telling a lie (31.3%), not good at studies (28.1%),disobeying (14.6%),tantrums (7.3%) and stealing (3.1%). Teachers disclosed that they learned it from personal experience (55.2%) and schools (29.2%).Stressful events were present in 47.3%. Physical punishment was significantly more in this category (Chi square 3.84,p 0.05). Almost 77% of teachers had received punishment during childhood. The modal age for getting last punishment was 14 years. Significantly greater number of teachers getting punishment during childhood opinioned in favor of punishing children(Chi square 5.769,p 0.016) and were also involved in this activity(Chi square 6.534,p o.o11).Conclusions: Physical punishment of school children by teachers is common. Stress in the family and punishment during childhood were significant risk factors.
Effect of lower respiratory tract infections on peak expiratory flow rate in children admitted to Rajarajeshwari medical college hospital, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
Authors: Y. Sree Krishna , Banik Aditi , Hassan Muhammed
Published: December 2018

Background: Peak expiratory flow rate is the simplest , cost effective and easily available test to assess the respiratory function. PEFR is measured by a peak expiratory flow meter. Measurement of PEFR is most commonly used for asthmatic patients. To evaluate the effect of lower respiratory tract infection on peak expiratory flow rate in children. Methods: PEFR were measured in eighty children suffering from LRTI by peak flow meter . Height and weight were measured. PEFR was compared with the normal charts. mean PEFR was calculated and predicted percentage of PEFR was calculated.Results: Mean PEFR in pneumonia , para pneumonic effusion, bronchiectasis, and bronchitis was 187.2 , 187.6, 171.85 and 173.1 respectively. Mean PEFR was maximally reduced in bronchiectasis and bronchitis. Mean  PEFR was reduced in female children in comparison to males with LRTI. PEFR was decreased  more in children with severe clinical presentation and with malnutrition.Conclusions: In this study , most common LRTI was pneumonia followed by parapneumonic effusion. PEFR was maximally reduced in bronchiectasis and bronchitis. Undernourished children were more affected.
Prevalence of overweight, obesity and hypertension among school going children in District Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India: a longitudinal study
Authors: Yadav Pramod K. S. , Yadav Mukesh B. , Yadav Chetna
Published: December 2018

Background: India is undergoing a rapid epidemiological transition with increased urbanization and socio-economic development which has resulted in a dramatic change in lifestyle, consisting of physical inactivity, diet rich in fat, sugar and salt coupled with a high level of mental stress. Obesity is one of the most common diseases worldwide and the prevalence in school aged children appears to be increasing. Thus, the present study was planned to establish an association between body mass index (BMI) with hypertension among 10-16 years children.Methods: Present longitudinal study was conducted on 350 children in private schools of District Kanpur and children 12-16yrs of age have included in the study. BMI for age charts was used to assess the obesity and blood pressure was measured by sphygmomanometer and Blood pressure values were compared to the values given by the update of 1987 task force report of the National high blood pressure Education Programme Co-ordinating Committee and children who were found prehypertensive or hypertensive were followed up after 4 weeks duration.Results: In present study the prevalence of overweight and obesity was found 4%,2% respectively. Prevalence of Pre-hypertension and hypertension was found 1.14%, 2.57% respectively and pre-hypertension and hypertension were found more in overweight and obese participants.Conclusions: Prevalence of pre-hypertension and hypertension is more among overweight and obese children. Overweight and obesity are not only risk factor for hypertension but also other diseases, so health education should regularly give about the obesity and its deleterious effects in later part of life.
Study of correlation between breast feeding and wheezing in children
Authors: Potharajula Sagar , Kadke Shreedhara Avabratha
Published: December 2018

Background: Wheezing is the most common chronic health problem in childhood. Many studies have found protective effect of breastfeeding on wheezing, while few others have not. Hence this study was taken up to find out the correlation between breastfeeding and wheezing in children.Methods: Case control study done in a Medical College Hospital. Cases were children of 2-5yrs age with history of wheezing or who had received nebulisation. Controls were children without history of wheezing or nebulisation. Mothers were interviewed with a predesigned proforma. Results were analysed by Chi square test and Odd’s ratio and p value <0.05 was considered significant.Results: There were 92 cases and 184 controls. Sixteen (53.4%), 48 and 27 cases were breastfed less than 1year, till 2yrs and beyond 2yrs respectively. 14 (46.6%), 128, and 40 were the numbers in control group. Breast feeding duration till 1 year of age is statistically correlated with wheezing with p value of 0.02, higher proportion of children who were breastfed for less than 1 year had wheezing when compared to controls. 26 cases out of 69 were not exclusively breast fed till 6 months and 66 cases out of 207 were exclusively breastfed. Higher proportion of cases who were not exclusively breastfed had developed wheeze although it was not significant statistically. 45 cases (36.8%) were initiated on cow’s milk before 1yr of age, 47 cases (30.5%) were initiated after 1year. Higher proportion of children who were initiated on cow’s milk early had developed wheeze but was not significant statistically. 34 cases and 24 controls had family history of asthma. With family history wheezing episodes were 3.72 times more likely irrespective of breast-feeding duration.Conclusions: Breast feeding gives protection against wheezing in children. Mothers should be encouraged to breast feed their children.
A study of prevalence of obesity among adolescent students and its correlation with risk factors in Udaipur city, Rajasthan, India
Authors: Paul Indira Subhadarshini , Singh Bhagirath
Published: December 2018

Background: The present study was aimed to determine the prevalence of obesity among adolescent students (11-17 years) and to study the correlation between the behaviors related eating, sedentary activities, dietary pattern and physical activities and obesity.Methods: The study was conducted among1007 students as a case control study. Prevalence of obesity was calculated using centres for disease control and prevention (CDC) growth chart. Risk factors for obesity were assessed by using questionnaires which include 18 questions in four broad categories. And association of risk factors and obesity has been analysed by using multivariate logistic regression model.Results: A total of 1007 school going adolescents were included in present study, out of this 50.94% were boys and 49.06% were girls. The prevalence of obesity in present study population was 4.27%. Prevalence of obesity was more among boys than girls. (53.49% vs 46.51%). On multivariate logistic regression factors V5, V6, V8, V10, V12, V13, and V14 are associated with obesity and risk factors V3, V4, V7, V11 are not associated with obesity, factors V15, V16, V17, V18 are associated with onset of adolescent obesity.Conclusions: Adolescent obesity is a major health problem in Udaipur, Rajasthan and it requires timely intervention to prevent the complication and co morbidities.
Female child presenting with Duchenne muscular dystrophy like phenotype: severe childhood autosomal recessive muscular dystrophy: a rare case report
Authors: Rafi Shaik M. , Sreekantham Sravya S. , Tumati Kedarnath R.
Published: December 2018

Severe Childhood Autosomal Recessive Muscular Dystrophy (SCARMD) is a variant of sarcoglycanopathy resulting from mutation in the sarcoglycan genes. SCARMD is a rare form of muscular dystrophy characterised by severe DMD like phenotype occurring at early ages and affecting boys as well as girls. Here we are reporting a case of 7year old female child born to 3rd degree consanguineous parents presented with proximal muscle weakness beginning in both lower limbs since4 years of age. On thorough clinical examination and laboratory evaluation child turned out to be SCARMD. Hence this case report emphasizes that suspicion of SCARMD has to be made when female children presented with features of DMD, and genetic counselling and prenatal diagnosis should be done to reduce the burden of the disease in the community.
Congenital lobar emphysema: a rare cause of respiratory distress in a neonate
Authors: Mittal Nishant , Parakh Ankit , Jain Prashant , Mittal N. K.
Published: December 2018

Congenital lobar emphysema (CLE) is a congenital condition characterized by distension and air trapping of the affected lobe of the lung. It is one of the causes of infantile respiratory distress, which may require surgical resection of affected lobe. Case characteristics: 3-day-old neonate with ventilation refractory respiratory distress. Imaging was suggestive of decreased lung tissue on the right side with ipsilateral mediastinal shift. Intervention/ outcome: Early surgical lobectomy was done to improve lung functions and the child improved dur to early intervention. Message: An early diagnosis with high index of suspicion helps patients with this rare congenital anomaly. Early intervention is the key to good long-term outcome. More awareness about the entity and treatment options available would greatly help improving the outcome and disease burden.
A case of pediatric leukemia with multi drug resistant bacterial infections
Authors: Murugesan Saravanan , Rudrapathy Parthiban , Samuel Sajani
Published: December 2018

Infections still remain a major cause of therapy-associated morbidity and mortality in pediatric cases with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Down syndrome (DS) children have an approximately 10-20 fold higher incidence of acute leukemia and approximately 150 fold increased risk of developing myeloid leukemia of DS (ML-DS).  Multi-drug resistant (MDR-GNB) Gram-negative bacterial septicaemia is an emerging global challenge. Authors are reporting a 4 and half year old boy with diagnosis Acute Megakaryocytic Leukemia (AMKL) who developed septicaemia and diaper rash. MDR E. coli was isolated and he was treated with fosfomycin followed by colistin. The boy developed cardiac arrest with chest compression and expired.
Assessment of breastfeeding knowledge and practices among working mothers in the federal capital territory Nigeria
Authors: Omuemu Vivian O. , Adamu Scott A.
Published: December 2018

Background: Inadequate infant feeding practices is a major contributor to the high burden of childhood morbidity and mortality in many countries. Female participation in the labour sector has increased and many of them return to work soon after giving birth posing a significant barrier to breastfeeding. This study assessed the knowledge and practice of breastfeeding among working mothers in the Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria.Methods: This cross-sectional study was done among 360 working mothers selected by multistage sampling technique. Quantitative and qualitative data were collective using interviewer-administered questionnaire and key informant interview guide, respectively. Data was analyzed using Statistical Package for Scientific Solutions (SPSS) version 21.0 and significant level was set at p<0.05.Results: Two hundred and seventy-six (76.7%) of the respondents had good knowledge of breast feeding. More than three-quarters (77.2%) initiated breastfeeding within one hour of birth, 201 (55.8%) practiced exclusive breastfeeding correctly and 201 (55.8%) introduced complementary foods on time. Median duration of breastfeeding was 14.6 months. Less than half of them (41.7%) had good overall practice of breastfeeding. Level of education, sector of work, knowledge of breastfeeding and availability of on-site crèche were significantly associated with practice of breastfeeding. Common barriers to breastfeeding included poor spousal support, no paid maternity leave and non-availability of nearby crèches. Most of the organizations observed had a breast feeding policy.Conclusions: This study revealed a gap between the knowledge and practice of adequate breastfeeding among the respondents and identified some perceived barriers to optimal breastfeeding.
Evaluating the predictive quality of the Chapman bone algorithm using aggregated data sets
Authors: D. Barrett Noah , James Cameron W. , Tam Joshua P. , Levesque Elise S. , Ketterer Anton S. , Memon Wajiha R. , Rakovski Cyril S. , Frisch Frank
Published: December 2018

Background: Due to an aging population, osteoporosis has become an increasingly prevalent metabolic bone disorder that is largely undiagnosed worldwide because of inaccessible and expensive DXA machines. The Chapman bone algorithm (CBA), a mathematical treatment that enables osteoporosis determination by using simply-assayed bone metabolites from blood serum, has been previously presented as a cheaper and feasible alternative for analyzing bone health. The CBA has a sensitivity of 1.0 and a specificity of 0.83, with an area under the Receiver Operating Characteristic curve of 0.93. Our goal was to utilize existing data from primary literature sources to determine if the CBA could be applied with similar or equal fidelity.Methods: We obtained mean values from analyses of serum Osteocalcin (s-OC) and serum Pyridinoline (s-PYD) markers in conjunction with patient age from various large-sample data sets available in primary literature.Results: Following analyses of aggregated mean values from the literature, we found that 60% of studies predicted the presence or absence of osteoporosis with the same degree of accuracy between FRAX and CBA methods. Osteoporosis was defined as having a t-score of <-2.5 (FRAX) or surpassing the threshold p-value of >0.035 (CBA).Conclusions: We expected higher agreement between the FRAX scores and our CBA, but this may be due to the aggregated nature of the data. Our findings indicated the need to advance the CBA in analyzing larger-scale primary data sets, underscoring the importance of raw data analysis, to determine the full efficacy of this diagnostic tool.
Strengthening district healthcare in rural Africa: a cross-sectional survey assessing difficulties in pulse oximetry use and handoff practices
Authors: Masigati Herbert G. , Potter Grant W. , Morikawa Masahiro J. , Mfaume Rashid S.
Published: December 2018

Background: Rural hospitals in sub-Saharan Africa suffer from numerous disparities in resources and practices, and subsequently patient care is affected.Methods: In order to assess current practices and opportunities for improvement in pulse oximetry use and patient-care handoffs, a cross-sectional survey was administered to clinicians at a referral level hospital serving a large rural area in Shinyanga, Tanzania.Results: Respondents (n=46) included nurses (50%), medical doctors (48%), and clinical officers (2%). A response rate of 92% was achieved, and 81% of clinicians acknowledged routine difficulties in the use of current devices when obtaining pulse oximetry. Although 83% of respondents reported using a written handoff at shift change, information reporting was inconsistent and rarely included specific management guidance.Conclusions: Further research is needed to elucidate handoff practices in developing settings, but there is a large opportunity for novel point-of-care devices and tools to improve both pulse oximetry use and patient care handoffs in rural Africa.
Middle East respiratory syndrome in Morocco: four years of surveillance and evaluation of the management of suspected cases
Authors: Bajjou Tahar , Ennibi Khalid , Amine Idriss Lahlou , Hilali Farida , Laraqui Abdelilah , Elkochri Safae , Sekhsokh Yassine
Published: December 2018

Background: In early 2014, Morocco took steps to prevent the Middle East respiratory syndrome disease from entering into the country. Several facilities have been equipped to accommodate suspected cases. We aimed to report the plan prepared by Morocco to prevent the importation of this infection and to evaluate our experience in the monitoring of suspected cases.Methods: We analyze the data on the forms of surveillance witch collect demographic informations, symptoms, hospitalization, travel history, risk contacts and MERS-CoV test results.Results: Since 2014, 152 patients were addressed to the Mohammed 5 Military Teaching Hospital for suspicion of MERS-CoV. The compliance with the suspect case definition was positive in 78 cases. Of these patients, 93.6% were Moroccans. All of them came from the Middle East and 77% returned from a Hajj trip. The most reported symptoms were fever (92.3%) and cough (84.6%). The most reported underlying conditions were asthma (17.9%) and diabetes (12.8%). All of these patients were negative for RT-PCR detection of MERS-CoV.Conclusions: Moroccan pilgrims go to Hajj despite the warnings of the WHO. To date, Morocco has not reported any cases of MERS-CoV. Overall, the management plan to prevent importation and transmission of MERS-Cov is satisfactory.
Prevalence of overweight and obesity among rural adolescent school students in Kanchipuram district, Tamil Nadu
Authors: Danasekaran Raja , Ranganathan Karnaboopathy
Published: December 2018

Background: Obesity in children and adolescents acts as an independent risk factor in the occurrence of cardiovascular and other non-communicable diseases in their adulthood.Methods: A cross sectional school based study was done among 934 students aged 14-17 years studying Class 9 to Class 12 in selected four schools of Kanchipuram district in Tamil Nadu, India.Results: Mean BMI of the study population was 17.78 (SD-3.14). 39 (8.51%) were identified as overweight and 21 as obese (4.58%) among boys. Mean BMI among girls was 18.58 and 44 (9.24%) were identified as overweight and 20 (4.20%) as obese. Among the study population 83 (8.89%) were overweight, 41 (4.4%) were obese and overall the prevalence of overweight and obesity was found to be 13.28%.Conclusions: Obesity among adolescents is increasing and requires urgent attention. Standardized BMI charts for adolescents to be prepared as per Indian standards.
Awareness about harmful effects of cigarette smoking among adolescents in Shamirpet mandal, Hyderabad
Authors: Pavani Varma M. , Prasad K. S. V.
Published: December 2018

Background: Tobacco smoking is habit which usually begins in the adolescent age. It is a risk factor for many non-communicable diseases and mortality can be prevented if smoking is quit.Methods: It is a cross sectional study.2 schools were randomly selected from urban and rural areas in field practice area of Mediciti Institute of Medical Sciences. A GYTS questionnaire is modified to local setting and administered to the students.Results: A total of 367 students were enrolled. The level of awareness regarding harmful effects of tobacco consumption was good. It was 98.85% in urban areas and 94.84% in rural areas.Conclusions: As adolescent is the age of habit forming identification of the problem and correcting it at early stage itself will be beneficial for individuals, family and society.