bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Performance of Online Teaching for Flipped Classroom Based on COVID-19 Aspect
Authors: Yen Tsai-Fa (TF)
Published: May 2021

Many universities adapted online teaching as their strategies based on the consideration of COVID-19. The objective of this study aimed at verifying the procedures and effects of flipped classroom for online teaching. Qualitative method was employed and data was collected by students’ class summary after they have finished the online teaching course of Tourist Psychology at department of tourism management, Sichuan University of Science and Engineering. Findings reported that flipped classroom for online teaching is executable. Furthermore, before-class activities, in-class activities, and after-class activities could promote learning performance. Moreover, sense of humor for teacher and the atmosphere within the class were found to have the positive benefits to the flipped classroom for online teaching. Finally, universities should make some policies to teachers to encourage their adaption of flipped classroom is suggested.
Utilizing Synchrotron Radiation for the Characterization of Biodegradable Magnesium Alloys—From Alloy Development to the Application as Implant Material
Authors: Zeller-Plumhoff Berit , Tolnai Domonkos , Wolff Martin , Greving Imke , Hort Norbert , Willumeit-Römer Regine
Published: May 2021

Magnesium alloys are highly attractive for their application as structural materials as well as medical implants. A range of alloying systems exists which are investigated, e.g., in terms of alloy microstructure changes, in particular during different processing steps or mechanical testing, and in terms of the associated corrosion performance of the material. Synchrotron radiation and in particular synchrotron radiation microcomputed tomography and nanotomography yield a unique opportunity to investigate such changes and processes in 3D at high resolution and in situ, thus significantly broadening our knowledge base. Herein, the benefits of using synchrotron radiation for the investigation of magnesium alloys with particular respect to its application as a biodegradable implant are demonstrated. Advances in experimental environments for in situ testing are reviewed, and all stages of materials testing are covered in which synchrotron radiation has been used, i.e., from developing and processing of the material, to corrosion testing and assessing implant integration and stability ex vivo. This review incorporates advances both in micro‐ and nanotomographic imaging regimes and further includes complementary techniques, such as X‐ray diffraction, small angle X‐ray scattering, X‐ray fluorescence, and diffraction tomography. Finally, an outlook into future developments is provided.
Infrared Based Saliva Screening Test for COVID‐19
Authors: Wood Bayden R. , Kochan Kamila , Bedolla Diana E. , Salazar‐Quiroz Natalia , Grimley Samantha L. , Perez‐Guaita David , Baker Matthew J. , Vongsvivut Jitraporn , Tobin Mark J. , Bambery Keith R. , Christensen Dale , Pasricha Shivani , Eden Anthony K. , Mclean Aaron , Roy Supti , Roberts Jason A. , Druce Julian , Williamson Deborah A. , McAuley Julie , Catton Mike , Purcell Damian F. J. , Godfrey Dale I. , Heraud Philip
Published: May 2021

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) has resulted in an unprecedented need for diagnostic testing that is critical in controlling the spread of COVID‐19. We propose a portable infrared spectrometer with purpose‐built transflection accessory for rapid point‐of‐care detection of COVID‐19 markers in saliva. Initially, purified virion particles were characterized with Raman spectroscopy, synchrotron infrared (IR) and AFM‐IR. A data set comprising 171 transflection infrared spectra from 29 subjects testing positive for SARS‐CoV‐2 by RT‐qPCR and 28 testing negative, was modeled using Monte Carlo Double Cross Validation with 50 randomized test and model sets. The testing sensitivity was 93 % (27/29) with a specificity of 82 % (23/28) that included positive samples on the limit of detection for RT‐qPCR. Herein, we demonstrate a proof‐of‐concept high throughput infrared COVID‐19 test that is rapid, inexpensive, portable and utilizes sample self‐collection thus minimizing the risk to healthcare workers and ideally suited to mass screening.
Sustainable development in aviation logistics: Successful drivers and business strategies
Authors: Wu Pei‐Ju , Yang Chun‐Kai
Published: May 2021

Firms looking to implement sustainable development confront the problem of choosing among myriad options. To help them overcome it, this study develops two‐stage data‐driven analytics aimed at establishing which alternatives for sustainable development are most likely to succeed, based on careful scrutiny of sustainable‐aviation cases. Specifically, it first ascertains the factors that are most critical to aviation logistics in general and then goes on to identify the vital drivers of successful sustainable development in the same field. The analytical results of the proposed models reveal that sustainable initiatives (ecological conservation and environmental R&D), weight, conversion, and fuel efficiency are successful drivers for organizations to achieve environmental sustainability in aviation logistics. Furthermore, natural‐resource‐based view theory is utilized to develop business strategies that involve eco‐friendly initiatives, product stewardship, and clean technologies.
Recreation of a hair follicle regenerative microenvironment: Successes and pitfalls
Authors: Abreu Carla M. , Marques Alexandra P.
Published: May 2021

The hair follicle (HF) is an exquisite skin appendage endowed with cyclical regenerative capacity; however, de novo follicle formation does not naturally occur. Consequently, patients suffering from extensive skin damage or hair loss are deprived of the HF critical physiological and/or aesthetic functions, severally compromising skin function and the individual's psychosocial well‐being. Translation of regenerative strategies has been prevented by the loss of trichogenic capacity that relevant cell populations undergo in culture and by the lack of suitable human‐based in vitro testing platforms. Here, we provide a comprehensive overview of the major difficulties associated with HF regeneration and the approaches used to overcome these drawbacks. We describe key cellular requirements and discuss the importance of the HF extracellular matrix and associated signaling for HF regeneration. Finally, we summarize the strategies proposed so far to bioengineer human HF or hair‐bearing skin models and disclose future trends for the field.
Single‐Molecule White‐Light‐Emitting Starburst Donor‐Acceptor Triphenylamine Derivatives and Their Application as Ratiometric Luminescent Molecular Thermometers
Authors: Ajantha Joseph , Yuvaraj Palani , Karuppusamy Masiyappan , Easwaramoorthi Shanmugam
Published: May 2021

White‐light emission (WLE) from a single molecule is a highly desirable alternative to a complex mixture of complementary colour emitters, which suffers from poor stability and reproducibility for potential use in organic electronic devices and lighting applications. We report single‐molecule WLE both in solution and thin films by judiciously controlled π‐electron delocalisation between the triarylamine subchromophoric units. Triphenylamine (TPA) forms the central core, and the phenyl rings are substituted with the electron‐deficient acceptor 3‐ethylrhodanine (Rh) and electron‐rich donors triphenylamine or carbazole. The enforced biphenyl configuration of the TPA core and the other donors renders the π‐conjugation across the entire chromophore poor, thus the individual subchromophoric units retain their individual emission characteristics, which cover all three primary colour emissions, that is, red, green and blue (RGB). TPA−Rh units exhibit broad fluorescence in the green‐red region originating from the local excited (LE) state and intramolecular charge transfer state (ICT), strongly influenced by the solvent, water, and temperature. Different fluorescence parameters, including spectral maxima, ratiometric changes in ICT emission at the expense of blue emission from terminal donor units, and changes in lifetime, have a linear relationship with temperature between 180–330 K, thus the molecules can function as a multiparameter luminescent molecular thermometer. A temperature coefficient of 0.19 K−1 in ratiometric fluorescence changes along with a spectral shift of 0.3 nm K−1 and their workability over the wide temperature makes these molecules promising materials for potential applications. At lower temperatures, individual subchromophoric properties subside because of the reduced dihedral angle of biphenyl, and fluorescence from the whole molecule becomes dominant.
Saddle‐Shaped Building Blocks: A New Concept for Designing Fully Conjugated 3D Organic Semiconducting Materials
Authors: Wang Yaqin , Zhang Yuting , Wang Shitao , Cao Dapeng
Published: May 2021

Currently, most organic semiconducting materials (OSMs) are π‐conjugated structures in one or two dimension (2D), where the lack of layer‐layer π‐conjugation connection greatly blocks their electron delocalization and transport. The 3D fully conjugated materials could solve this issue because they can provide efficient charge‐transport pathways throughout the whole 3D skeleton, in which the suitable 3D building block is the key to the development of fully conjugated 3D OSMs. Cyclooctatetraene (COT) and its derivatives are good candidates due to their π‐conjugation with 3D saddle‐shaped architecture. In this Concept, we discuss the key features of saddle‐shaped COT‐based derivatives and their synthetic strategy, then we present the current development of using the COT derivatives as building blocks to construct the 3D fully conjugated organic small compound‐ and polymer‐based OSMs. The properties and perspectives of these OSMs in photovoltaics, electro‐catalysis and electrical conductivities are also discussed. These recent advances in the developing 3D fully conjugated materials could potentially open up a new frontier in the design of OSMs.
Isolation of Nuclei from Mammalian Cells and Tissues for Single‐Nucleus Molecular Profiling
Authors: Nadelmann Emily R. , Gorham Joshua M. , Reichart Daniel , Delaughter Daniel M. , Wakimoto Hiroko , Lindberg Eric L. , Litviňukova Monika , Maatz Henrike , Curran Justin J. , Ischiu Gutierrez Daniela , Hübner Norbert , Seidman Christine E. , Seidman J. G.
Published: May 2021

Both single‐cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq) and single‐nucleus RNA sequencing (snRNAseq) can be used to characterize the transcriptional profile of individual cells, and based on these transcriptional profiles, help define cell type distribution in mixed cell populations. However, scRNAseq analyses are confounded if some of the cells are large (>50 µm) or if some of cells adhere more tightly to some adjacent cells than to others. Further, single cell isolation for scRNAseq requires fresh tissue, which may not be available for human or animal model tissues. Additionally, the current enzymatic and mechanical methods for single‐cell dissociation can lead to stress‐induced transcriptional artifacts. Nuclei for snRNAseq, on the other hand, can be isolated from any cell, regardless of size, and from either fresh or frozen tissues, and compared to whole cells, they are more resistant to mechanical pressures and appear not to exhibit as many cell isolation‐based transcriptional artifacts. Here, we describe a time‐ and cost‐effective procedure to isolate nuclei from mammalian cells and tissues. The protocol incorporates steps to mechanically disrupt samples to release nuclei. Compared to conventional nuclei isolation protocols, the approach described here increases overall efficiency, eliminates risk of contaminant exposure, and reduces volumes of expensive reagents. A series of RNA quality control checks are also incorporated to ensure success and reduce costs of subsequent snRNAseq experiments. Nuclei isolated by this procedure can be separated on the 10× Genomics Chromium system for either snRNAseq and/or Single‐Nucleus ATAC‐Seq (snATAC‐Seq), and is also compatible with other single cell platforms. © 2021 Wiley Periodicals LLC.

Basic Protocol 1: Sample preparation and quality control check via RNA Isolation and Analysis

Basic Protocol 2: Nuclei Isolation
Comparison of the frequency of periodontal pathogenic species of diabetics and non‐diabetics and its relation to periodontitis severity, glycemic control and body mass index
Authors: Akherati Mojtaba , Shafaei Ebrahim , Salehiniya Hamid , Abbaszadeh Hamid
Published: May 2021

Objectives

To investigate common pathogenic bacteria of periodontal diseases (PD) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and its relationship with PD severity, glycemic control and body mass index (BMI).

Material and Methods

This case–control study consisted of 55 patients with T2DM and 55 individuals as control. Samples were collected from periodontal pockets. After DNA extraction, using 16srRNA‐specific primers, the presence of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (Aa), Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg), Tannerella forsythia (Tf), Prevotella intermedia (Pi), and Fusobacterium nucleatum (Fn) were examined based on polymerase chain reaction method.

Results

Aa frequency was significantly higher in in T2DM group than control. There were no significant differences in the frequencies of Pg, Tf, Pi, and Fn between studied groups. There were no significant differences between frequencies of studied bacteria in different severities of periodontitis in T2DM group. Prevalence of Tf in T2DM patients with moderate periodontitis was significantly higher than non‐diabetics with moderate periodontitis. There was no significant difference between the frequency of bacteria in diabetics with good and poor glycemic control. There was a significant difference between the frequencies of Pg in T2DM individuals with different BMI levels.

Conclusions

A higher frequency of detection of Aa was found in diabetic when compared to non‐diabetics. Glycemic control did not affect the frequency distribution of studied bacteria in T2DM. Pg was identified in higher frequency in overweight T2DM patients.
Cobalt Electrochemical Recovery from Lithium Cobalt Oxides in Deep Eutectic Choline Chloride+Urea Solvents
Authors: Wang Hongmin , Li Mengran , Garg Sahil , Wu Yuming , Nazmi Idros Mohamed , Hocking Rosalie , Duan Haoran , Gao Shuai , Yago Anya Josefa , Zhuang Linzhou , Rufford Thomas Edward
Published: May 2021

Electrochemical recovery of the cobalt in deep eutectic solvent shows its promise in recycling and recovery of valuable elements from the spent lithium‐ion battery due to its high selectivity and minimal environmental impacts. This work unveiled the roles of the substrates, applied potentials, and operating temperatures on the performance of cobalt electrochemical recovery in a deep eutectic choline chloride+urea solvent. The solvent contains cobalt and lithium ions extracted from lithium cobalt oxides – 3an essential lithium‐ion battery cathode material. Our results highlight that the substrate predetermines the cobalt recovery modes via substrate–cobalt interactions, which could be predicted by the cobalt surface segregation energies and crystallographic misfits. We also show that a moderate cathode potential under −1.0 V vs. silver quasi‐reference electrode at 94–104 °C is essential to ensure a selective cobalt recovery at an optimal rate. We also found that the stainless‐steel mesh is an optimal substrate for cobalt recovery due to its relatively high selectivity, fast recovery rate, and easy cobalt collection. Our work provides new insights on metal recovery in deep eutectic solvents and offers a new avenue to control the metal electrodeposition modes via modulation of substrate compositions and crystal structures.
High spatial resolution dosimetry with uncertainty analysis using Raman micro‐spectroscopy readout of radiochromic films
Authors: Mcnairn Connor , Mansour Iymad , Muir Bryan , Thomson Rowan M. , Murugkar Sangeeta
Published: May 2021

Purpose

The purpose of this work is to develop a new approach for high spatial resolution dosimetry based on Raman micro‐spectroscopy scanning of radiochromic film (RCF). The goal is to generate dose calibration curves over an extended dose range from 0 to 50 Gy and with improved sensitivity to low (<2 Gy) doses, in addition to evaluating the uncertainties in dose estimation associated with the calibration curves.

Methods

Samples of RCF (EBT3) were irradiated at a broad dose range of 0.03–50 Gy using an Elekta Synergy clinical linear accelerator. Raman spectra were acquired with a custom‐built Raman micro‐spectroscopy setup involving a 500 mW, multimode 785 nm laser focused to a lateral spot diameter of 30 µm on the RCF. The depth of focus of 34 µm enabled the concurrent collection of Raman spectra from the RCF active layer and the polyester laminate. The preprocessed Raman spectra were normalized to the intensity of the 1614 cm−1 Raman peak from the polyester laminate that was unaltered by radiation. The mean intensities and the corresponding standard deviation of the active layer Raman peaks at 696, 1445, and 2060 cm−1 were determined for the 150 × 100 µm2 scan area per dose value. This was used to generate three calibration curves that enabled the conversion of the measured Raman intensity to dose values. The experimental, fitting, and total dose uncertainty was determined across the entire dose range for the dosimetry system of Raman micro‐spectroscopy and RCF.

Results

In contrast to previous work that investigated the Raman response of RCFs using different methods, high resolution in the dose response of the RCF, even down to 0.03 Gy, was obtained in this study. The dynamic range of the calibration curves based on all three Raman peaks in the RCF extended up to 50 Gy with no saturation. At a spatial resolution of 30 × 30 µm2, the total uncertainty in estimating dose in the 0.5–50 Gy dose range was [6–9]% for all three Raman calibration curves. This consisted of the experimental uncertainty of [5–8]%, and the fitting uncertainty of [2.5–4.5]%. The main contribution to the experimental uncertainty was determined to be from the scan area inhomogeneity which can be readily reduced in future experiments. The fitting uncertainty could be reduced by performing Raman measurements on RCF samples at further intermediate dose values in the high and low dose range.

Conclusions

The high spatial resolution experimental dosimetry technique based on Raman micro‐spectroscopy and RCF presented here, could become potentially useful for applications in microdosimetry to produce meaningful dose estimates in cellular targets, as well as for applications based on small field dosimetry that involve high dose gradients.
Observation of Room‐Temperature Low‐Field Magnetoresistance in Reduced Graphene Oxide/CoFe2O4 Nanocomposites
Authors: Roy Subir , Sivakumar Iniyan , Francis Femy , G. V. Varshini , Subramanian Angappane
Published: May 2021

The considerable spin diffusion length and high electron mobility of graphene at room temperature makes it a suitable candidate to improve the spin transport properties of magnetic semiconductors when incorporated in a suitable stoichiometry. Herein, an observation of room‐temperature magnetoresistance (MR) properties of reduced graphene oxide (rGO)/cobalt ferrite (CFO) nanocomposites, which are synthesized by chemical methods followed by mixing in different mass ratios, is reported. The magnetic field‐dependent electrical resistivity shows a decrease in resistivity with the increase in magnetic field from 0 to 0.5 T, representing a negative MR in our samples. The highest MR of around −1.4% is observed in the 1:1 ratio CFO and rGO nanocomposite, whereas the samples with 2:1 and 3:1 ratio show the MR of ≈−1%. In the CFO–rGO nanocomposite, the charge transport takes place mainly through the rGO layers due to the insulating nature of the CFO nanoparticles. However, the ferromagnetic moments of the CFO nanoparticles induce electron‐spin scattering during the charge transport. The reduction in electron‐spin scattering results due to the parallel alignment of the magnetic moments. The alignment of ferromagnetic moments under the external magnetic field has been further confirmed from the magnetocapacitance effect of CFO nanoparticles.
Selective Excitation of CdSe/CdS Dot‐in‐Rod Nanocrystals and Distinct Roles of Electrons and Holes in Photophysical and Photochemical Interactions with Ambient Air
Authors: Wang Jiamin , Zheng Changcheng , Xu Yinyan , Peng Qing , Ge Xiaotian , Wang Rongxin , Xu Shijie , Ning Jiqiang , Zhu Jun
Published: May 2021

CdSe/CdS dot‐in‐rod (DiR) nanocrystals are an advantageous heterostructured semiconductor system with a quasi‐type‐II electronic band structure, which enables a rich diversity of optical manipulation of carrier excitations and interactions. Herein, the selective excitation of respective CdSe quantum dots (QDs) and CdS nanorods of the CdSe/CdS DiR nanostructure is reported, which results in the distinct presence of different types of carriers at the nanorod surface. The presence of only electrons at the surface upon CdSe QD excitation leads to photophysical interactions with ambient air, which is manifested as reversible photoluminescence (PL) of the CdSe QDs. The excitation of CdS nanorods produces holes at the surface, which induces photooxidation of the CdS surface and irreversible change in PL intensity and spectral lineshape. Benefitting from unambiguously relating carrier types to photophysical and photochemical interactions, this research also verifies that trap states at the CdS surface do not act as nonradiative recombination centers, which can be removed by photochemical reactions. Herein, distinct roles of electrons and holes in the photophysical and photochemical interactions with ambient air are identified, and a more precise understanding of the interacting mechanisms is achieved.
Do Remote Camera Arrangements and Image Capture Settings Improve Individual Identification of Golden Eagles?
Authors: Vukovich Mark , Garabedian James E. , Zarnoch Stanley J. , Kilgo John C.
Published: May 2021

Individual identification of animals from camera traps has become an important task in wildlife research, but camera deployment methods often do not facilitate this important undertaking. Identification of individual golden eagles (Aquila chrysaetos) is possible using uniquely marked rectrices, but no studies have explored methods to maximize the rate of individual identification from camera images. Our objectives were to assess whether different camera heights (1 m vs. 3 m), image capture settings (one image after a 1‐min delay vs. burst of 5 images after a 30 sec delay), and arrangements relative to bait (dorsally vs. ventrally aimed) affected views of rectrices on golden eagles and our ability to identify individuals. We conducted our study from 15 December 2016 to 3 March 2017 on the Savannah River Site, South Carolina. First, we developed a scoring system based on views of rectrices and used a linear mixed‐effects model to compare image scores among different camera arrangements and image settings. Next, after identifying individual eagles, we used generalized linear mixed‐effects models to compare total individual eagle detections, total days an individual was detected, and probability of obtaining an unknown individual identification among camera arrangements and settings. Overall, we scored a total of 27,499 images, with 8,083 providing views of marked rectrices that allowed identification of 18 individual eagles. Average image scores and proportion of images suitable for individual identification were higher from elevated (3 m) camera arrangements than standard arrangements (1 m) across sites. Regardless of camera height, faster frequency of image capture provided more images that could be used to identify individuals and the most trap days per individual. Researchers and managers should consider deploying elevated cameras traps with faster frequency of image capture to improve data quality and potential for analysis of golden eagle populations and trends across the species’ range. Published 2021. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
VLBI measurement of the vector baseline between geodetic antennas at Kokee Park Geophysical Observatory, Hawaii
Authors: Niell A. E. , Barrett J. P. , Cappallo R. J. , Corey B. E. , Elosegui P. , Mondal D. , Rajagopalan G. , Ruszczyk C. A. , Titus M. A.
Published: May 2021

We measured the components of the 31-m-long vector between the two very-long-baseline interferometry (VLBI) antennas at the Kokee Park Geophysical Observatory (KPGO), Hawaii, with approximately 1 mm precision using phase delay observables from dedicated VLBI observations in 2016 and 2018. The two KPGO antennas are the 20 m legacy VLBI antenna and the 12 m VLBI Global Observing System (VGOS) antenna. Independent estimates of the vector between the two antennas were obtained by the National Geodetic Survey (NGS) using standard optical surveys in 2015 and 2018. The uncertainties of the latter survey were 0.3 and 0.7 mm in the horizontal and vertical components of the baseline, respectively. We applied corrections to the measured positions for the varying thermal deformation of the antennas on the different days of the VLBI and survey measurements, which can amount to 1 mm, bringing all results to a common reference temperature. The difference between the VLBI and survey results are 0.2 ± 0.4 mm, −1.3 ± 0.4 mm, and 0.8 ± 0.8 mm in the East, North, and Up topocentric components, respectively. We also estimate that the Up component of the baseline may suffer from systematic errors due to gravitational deformation and uncalibrated instrumental delay variations at the 20 m antenna that may reach ± 10 and −2 mm, respectively, resulting in an accuracy uncertainty on the order of 10 mm for the relative heights of the antennas. Furthermore, possible tilting of the 12 m antenna increases the uncertainties in the differences in the horizontal components to 1.0 mm. These results bring into focus the importance of (1) correcting to a common reference temperature the measurements of the reference points of all geodetic instruments within a site, (2) obtaining measurements of the gravitational deformation of all antennas, and (3) monitoring local motions of the geodetic instruments. These results have significant implications for the accuracy of global reference frames that require accurate local ties between geodetic instruments, such as the International Terrestrial Reference Frame (ITRF).
Passive Versus Active Intra‐Abdominal Drainage Following Pancreatic Resection: Does A Superior Drainage System Exist? A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Park Lily J. , Baker Laura , Smith Heather , Lemke Madeline , Davis Alexandra , Abou‐Khalil Jad , Martel Guillaume , Balaa Fady K. , Bertens Kimberly A.
Published: May 2021

Postoperative pancreatic fistula (POPF) is a major source of morbidity following pancreatic resection. Surgically placed drains under suction or gravity are routinely used to help mitigate the complications associated with POPF. Controversy exists as to whether one of these drain management strategies is superior. The objective was to identify and compare the incidence of POPF, adverse events, and resource utilization associated with passive gravity (PG) versus active suction (AS) drainage following pancreatic resection. MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, and Cochrane Library databases were searched from inception to May 18, 2020. Outcomes of interest included POPF, post‐pancreatectomy hemorrhage (PPH), surgical site infection (SSI), other major morbidity, and resource utilization. Descriptive qualitative and pooled quantitative meta‐analyses were performed. One randomized control trial and five cohort studies involving 10 663 patients were included. Meta‐analysis found no difference in the odds of developing POPF between AS and PG (p = 0.78). There were no differences in other endpoints including PPH (p = 0.58), SSI (wound p = 0.21, organ space p = 0.05), major morbidity (p = 0.71), or resource utilization (p = 0.72). The risk of POPF or other adverse outcomes is not impacted by drain management following pancreatic resection. Based on current evidence, a suggestion cannot be made to support the use of one drain over another at this time. There is a trend toward increased intra‐abdominal wound infections with AS drains (p = 0.05) that merits further investigation.
Periodontitis and pulmonary function: a Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Baumeister Sebastian-Edgar , Nolde Michael , Holtfreter Birte , Baurecht Hansjörg , Gläser Sven , Kocher Thomas , Ehmke Benjamin
Published: May 2021

Objectives

Observational research suggests that periodontitis affects pulmonary function; however, observational studies are subject to confounding and reverse causation, making causal inference and the direction of these associations difficult. We used Mendelian randomization (MR) to assess the potential causal association between genetic liability to periodontitis and pulmonary function.

Materials and methods

We used six single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with periodontitis (P < 5 × 10−6) from a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of 17,353 European descent periodontitis cases and 28,210 controls from the GeneLifestyle Interactions in Dental Endpoints consortium and the UK Biobank, and related these to SNPs from a lung function GWAS including 79,055 study participants of the SpiroMeta Consortium.

Results

MR analysis suggested no effect of periodontitis on the ratio of forced expiratory volume in one second to lower forced vital capacity (standard deviation increment in outcome per doubling of the odds of the exposure (95% confidence interval) =  − 0.004 (− 0.028; 0.020)). Replication analysis using genetic instruments from two different GWAS and sensitivity analyses to address potential pleiotropy led to no substantial changes in estimates.

Conclusions

Collectively, these findings do not support a relationship between genetic liability for periodontitis and pulmonary function.

Clinical relevance

Periodontitis does not seem to be a risk factor for worsening of pulmonary function.
Mentalisieren und selbstregulative Fähigkeiten bei nichtklinischen Probanden
Authors: Schwarzer Nicola-Hans , Nolte Tobias , Kirsch Holger , Gingelmaier Stephan
Published: May 2021

Hintergrund

Der Konfiguration selbstregulativer Fähigkeiten wird eine zentrale Rolle im Zustandekommen von Stress- und Belastungserleben zugewiesen, wobei dysfunktionale Anordnungen selbstregulativer Fähigkeiten charakteristisch für hohes Stresserleben sind. Mentalisieren – definiert als die Fähigkeit, Verhaltensweisen auf Basis mentaler Zustände wahrnehmen und bedenken zu können – ist ein ursprünglich klinisches Konzept, dem in jüngerer Zeit allerdings zusehends eine konstituierende Funktion im Zustandekommen psychischer Gesundheit zugewiesen wird und das hierbei Einfluss auf die Anordnung selbstregulativer Fähigkeiten verüben könnte.

Fragestellung

Die vorliegende Studie prüft, inwieweit ein mentalisierendes Verständnis mit adaptiven bzw. dysfunktionalen Konfigurationen selbstregulativer Merkmale assoziiert ist.

Methode

Die Studie nutzt Daten von 173 nichtklinischen Probanden (Querschnitt), die auf Basis von Fragebögen Mentalisierungsfähigkeiten, Persönlichkeitsmerkmale und selbstregulative Fähigkeiten einschätzten.

Ergebnisse

Die Ergebnisse deuten an, dass beeinträchtigte Formen der Mentalisierens unabhängig von Persönlichkeitsmerkmalen mit der zunehmenden Wahrscheinlichkeit assoziiert sind, maladaptiven Konstellationen selbstregulativer Fähigkeiten zugeordnet zu werden.

Diskussion

Unter Verweis auf die ermittelten Befunde lassen sich mentalisierungsfördernde Interventionen mit dem Ziel der Gesunderhaltung an nichtklinische Populationen gut begründen.
The influence of PSA's likeability on children’s intentions to eat healthy food
Authors: Nicolini Valentina , Cassia Fabio
Published: May 2021

This paper suggests a model that considers the effects of the children’s attitude toward Public Service Announcements—PSAs (measured through the likeability of PSAs) on their behavioural intention to eat fruits and vegetables. The suggested model was tested through an empirical analysis conducted with children aged 8 to 11 and the data were analysed through partial least squares – structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) multigroup analysis. The findings indicate that the positive emotions PSAs generate and PSA credibility mediate the effects of the children’s perceived likeability of PSAs on their behavioural intention to eat fruits and vegetables. Overall, understanding the connections between PSA likeability, positive emotions, PSA credibility and behavioural intentions can facilitate the development of further social advertisements aimed at children covering healthy eating. Therefore, the findings of this study are relevant for non-profit organizations, government institutions and advertisers interested in creating effective social messages aimed at children.
Nurturing the Love of Music
Authors: Lenti Vincent A.
Published: May 2021

Vincent A. Lenti is professor emeritus of piano at the Eastman School of Music, where he also serves as the school's historian.
Deciphering voids in Dasycladales, the case of Dragastanella transylvanica, a new Lower Cretaceous triploporellacean genus and species from Romania
Authors: Barattolo Filippo , Bucur Ioan I. , Marian Alexandru V.
Published: May 2021

Dragastanella transylvanica n. gen. n. sp. is described. Its calcified skeleton contains numerous voids, partly related to the molds of soft parts of the alga, but also related to lack of calcification. Interpretation of these voids, especially their attribution to original structures (e.g., primary lateral versus reproductive organ), has important implications for the taxonomic position of the alga, even at the family level. Examination of key sections that include the boundary between sterile and fertile parts of the alga excludes the occurrence of external reproductive organs. Unusual, paired pores in the outer part of the mineralized skeleton reflect an asymmetry within the whorl, excluding the presence of secondary laterals. The alga is characterized by a cylindrical to club-shaped thallus bearing only phloiophorous primary laterals arranged in whorls and flaring outwards, forming a cortex. Mineralized lenticular reproductive organs containing cysts set in the equatorial plane (Russoella-type gametophores) occur inside primary laterals (cladosporous arrangement of the reproductive organs). These characters support establishment of the new genus Dragastanella. Dragastanella transylvanica n. gen. n. sp. resembles species previously referred to Zittelina (Zittelina hispanica and Zittelina massei) and Triploporella (Triploporella matesina and Triploporella carpatica). Except for Triploporella carpatica, whose mineralized skeleton does not permit confident attribution to either Triploporella or Dragastanella n. gen., the other species must be ascribed to Dragastanella n. gen. Therefore, the following new combinations are proposed: Dragastanella hispanica n. comb., Dragastanella massei n. comb., and Dragastanella matesina n. comb. Despite widely overlapping biometrical measurements, these species can be differentiated by the size and location of their reproductive organs, the pattern of calcification around the primary laterals, and relationships among structural parameters such as the size of laterals, number of laterals per whorl, and distance between whorls.
A model study on controlling dealloying corrosion attack by lateral modification of surfactant inhibitors
Authors: Neupane Shova , Rivas Nicolás A. , Losada-Pérez Patricia , D’Haen Jan , Noei Heshmat , Keller Thomas. F. , Stierle Andreas , Rudolph Michael , Terfort Andreas , Bertran Oscar , Crespo Daniel , Kokalj Anton , Renner Frank Uwe
Published: May 2021

Detrimental corrosion is an ever-concerning challenge for metals and alloys. One possible remedy is to apply organic corrosion inhibitors. Despite progress in molecular assembly and inhibitor research, better mechanistic insight on the molecular level is needed. Here we report on the behavior of well-defined artificial molecular interfaces created by micro-contact printing of thiol-inhibitor molecules and subsequent backfilling. The obtained heterogeneity and defects trigger localized dealloying-corrosion of well-defined Cu3Au surfaces. The stability of applied inhibitor molecules depends on alloy surface morphology and on intermolecular forces of the molecular layers. On extended terraces, dealloying preferentially starts at the boundary between areas composed of the two different chain-length inhibitor molecules. Inside of the areas hardly any nucleation of initial pits is visible. Step density strongly influences the morphology of the dealloying attack, while film heterogeneity avoids cracking and controls molecular-scale corrosion attack. The presented surface-science approach, moreover, will ultimately allow to verify the acting mechanisms of inhibitor-cocktails to develop recipes to stabilize metallic alloy surfaces.
Low rank representations for quantum simulation of electronic structure
Authors: Motta Mario , Ye Erika , McClean Jarrod R. , Li Zhendong , Minnich Austin J. , Babbush Ryan , Chan Garnet Kin-Lic
Published: May 2021

The quantum simulation of quantum chemistry is a promising application of quantum computers. However, for N molecular orbitals, the $${\mathcal{O}}({N}^{4})$$

O

(

N

4

)

gate complexity of performing Hamiltonian and unitary Coupled Cluster Trotter steps makes simulation based on such primitives challenging. We substantially reduce the gate complexity of such primitives through a two-step low-rank factorization of the Hamiltonian and cluster operator, accompanied by truncation of small terms. Using truncations that incur errors below chemical accuracy allow one to perform Trotter steps of the arbitrary basis electronic structure Hamiltonian with $${\mathcal{O}}({N}^{3})$$

O

(

N

3

)

gate complexity in small simulations, which reduces to $${\mathcal{O}}({N}^{2})$$

O

(

N

2

)

gate complexity in the asymptotic regime; and unitary Coupled Cluster Trotter steps with $${\mathcal{O}}({N}^{3})$$

O

(

N

3

)

gate complexity as a function of increasing basis size for a given molecule. In the case of the Hamiltonian Trotter step, these circuits have $${\mathcal{O}}({N}^{2})$$

O

(

N

2

)

depth on a linearly connected array, an improvement over the $${\mathcal{O}}({N}^{3})$$

O

(

N

3

)

scaling assuming no truncation. As a practical example, we show that a chemically accurate Hamiltonian Trotter step for a 50 qubit molecular simulation can be carried out in the molecular orbital basis with as few as 4000 layers of parallel nearest-neighbor two-qubit gates, consisting of fewer than 105 non-Clifford rotations. We also apply our algorithm to iron–sulfur clusters relevant for elucidating the mode of action of metalloenzymes.
Controllable synthesis of ZIF-derived NixCo3−xO4 nanotube array hierarchical structures based on self-assembly for high-performance hybrid alkaline batteries
Authors: Xue Bei , Guo Yao , Huang Zhaofeng , Gu Shengyue , Zhou Qian , Yang Wei , Li Kezhi
Published: May 2021

The unique hierarchical structure of ZIF-derived NixCo3−xO4 nanotube arrays makes the candidates perform well in hybrid RABs.
ERCP improves mortality in acute biliary pancreatitis without cholangitis
Authors: Novikov Aleksey A. , Fieber Jennifer H. , Saumoy Monica , Rosenblatt Russell , Mekelburg Shirley A. Cohen , Shah Shawn L. , Crawford Carl V.
Published: May 2021

Background and study aims Acute pancreatitis (AP) is an increasingly common indication for hospitalization in the United States. The necessity for endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) and the timing of ERCP in acute gallstone-related pancreatitis without cholangitis (AGPNC) is controversial. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association of ERCP and its performance during admission with mortality and length of stay (LOS) in patients with AGPNC.

Patients and methods We queried the Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS) from 2004 to 2014 to identify all patients with admissions for gallstone AP. We excluded patients with chronic pancreatitis or concurrent cholangitis, and those who were transferred from elsewhere for treatment. Our primary outcome measure was inpatient mortality. Our secondary outcome measure was hospital length of stay (LOS).

Results We identified 491,011 records eligible for analysis. Of the patients, 30.6 % (150,101) had AGPNC. There were 1.34 deaths per 100 admissions in patients with AGPNC. The average LOS was 5.88 (± 6.38) days with a median stay of 4 days (range, 3–7). When adjusted for age, Elixhauser Comorbidity Index, and severe pancreatitis, patients with ERCP during admission were 43 % less likely to die. ERCP performed between Days 3 and 9 of hospitalization resulted in a significant mortality benefit. Among those who had ERCP, a shorter wait time for ERCP was associated with a shorter LOS after adjustment for demographics and severity of illness.

Conclusion ERCP performed during inpatient admission for AGPNC was associated with decreased mortality. These data support early ERCP in patients with acute gallstone pancreatitis without cholangitis.
Improving ACGME Compliance for Obstetric Anesthesiology Fellows Using an Automated Email Notification System
Authors: Ende Holly B. , Richardson Michael G. , Lopez Brandon M. , Wanderer Jonathan P.
Published: May 2021

Background The Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education establishes minimum case requirements for trainees. In the subspecialty of obstetric anesthesiology, requirements for fellow participation in nonobstetric antenatal procedures pose a particular challenge due to the physical location remote from labor and delivery and frequent last-minute scheduling.

Objectives In response to this challenge, we implemented an informatics-based notification system, with the aim of increasing fellow participation in nonobstetric antenatal surgeries.

Methods In December 2014 an automated email notification system to inform obstetric anesthesiology fellows of scheduled nonobstetric surgeries in pregnant patients was initiated. Cases were identified via daily automated query of the preoperative evaluation database looking for structured documentation of current pregnancy. Information on flagged cases including patient medical record number, operating room location, and date and time of procedure were communicated to fellows via automated email daily. Median fellow participation in nonobstetric antenatal procedures per quarter before and after implementation were compared using an exact Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney test due to low baseline absolute counts. The fraction of antenatal cases representing nonobstetric procedures completed by fellows before and after implementation was compared using a Fisher's exact test.

Results The number of nonobstetric antenatal cases logged by fellows per quarter increased significantly following implementation, from median 0[0,1] to 3[1,6] cases/quarter (p = 0.007). Additionally, nonobstetric antenatal cases completed by fellows as a percentage of total antenatal cases completed increased from 14% in preimplementation years to 52% in postimplementation years (p < 0.001).

Conclusion Through an automated email system to identify nonobstetric antenatal procedures in pregnant patients, we were able to increase the number of these cases completed by fellows during 3 years following implementation.
Experiences of patients with chronic diseases of access to multidisciplinary care during COVID-19 in South Australia
Authors: Javanparast Sara , Roeger Leigh , Reed Richard L.
Published: May 2021

Objective This study investigated the experience of patients with chronic diseases regarding access to and utilisation of multidisciplinary care during COVID-19 in South Australia. Methods Telephone interviews were conducted with 30 patients with chronic conditions attending nine general practices in metropolitan Adelaide. Supplementary data were obtained from the Medicare Benefit Schedule (MBS) to compare health services activity data provided by different health professionals before and after COVID-19 (from January 2019 to June 2020). Results There was variation in access to different health services by patients with chronic conditions during COVID-19. The introduction of telehealth facilitated continuity of general practitioner (GP) services, with a high level of satisfaction among patients. Changes in medicines regulation, including the home delivery of medications, enabled timely access to medications for patients. The use of telehealth was less common for specialist and particularly allied health services. Dental check-ups that are important for the management of some chronic conditions were disrupted the most during COVID-19. Conclusion The findings of this study suggest that the policy measures introduced in Australia provided an opportunity to maintain multidisciplinary care for patients with chronic diseases during COVID-19. GPs, as core members of the primary healthcare team, as well as pharmacy and pathology services, were highly accessible. Telehealth was less accessed for chronic care services provided by specialists and allied health professionals. What is known about the topic? Access to multidisciplinary care is critical to ensure continuity and quality of care for patients with chronic health conditions. Evidence suggests disruptions in health services can occur during pandemics. To continue access to routine care, the Australian Government introduced several policy initiatives during COVID-19 to enhance access to multidisciplinary care. What does this paper add? Telehealth policy was particularly effective in facilitating patients’ access to general practice services during COVID-19 particularly those services that did not need physical examinations. This policy complemented changes in medicines regulations that enabled timely and convenient access to medications for patients with chronic conditions. Allied health services, as important elements of multidisciplinary care, were more likely to be disrupted during COVID-19. What are the implications for practitioners? Continuation of telehealth services is likely to enhance access to general practice services. The acceptability and use of telehealth for allied health services may require more flexibility, and training for both practitioners and patients.
Targeting host-microbial interactions to develop otitis media therapies
Authors: Kirkham Lea-Ann S , Thornton Ruth B
Published: May 2021

Otitis media (OM; middle ear infection) is the most common reason for pre-school children to visit a doctor, be prescribed antimicrobials, or undergo surgery. Recent Cochrane reviews of clinical trials have identified that antibiotics and grommet surgery are only moderately effective in treating OM, with recurrent or persistent infection observed in one-third of children. Research efforts are focusing on developing improved therapies to treat OM and prevent disease recurrence. The recurrent nature of OM is mostly due to the persistence of bacterial pathogens within established biofilm in the middle ear. Promising novel therapies are harnessing host-microbe interactions to disrupt middle ear biofilm and permit antibiotics to work more effectively. New approaches are also being developed to prevent OM, including new vaccines and mining the host respiratory microbiome to develop novel bacterial therapies. This review describes how our improved knowledge of human and microbial interactions is driving development of OM therapies to improve health outcomes for children in Australia and worldwide.