bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Surgical treatment of neurocysticercosis. Retrospective cohort study and an illustrative case report
Authors: Paiva Aline Lariessy Campos , Araujo João Luiz Vitorino , Ferraz Vinicius Ricieri , Lovato Renan Maximilian , Pedrozo Charles Alfred Grander , Aguiar Guilherme Brasileiro de , Veiga José Carlos Esteves
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACT CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: Neurocysticercosis is prevalent in developing countries and manifests with several neurological signs and symptoms that may be fatal. The cysts may be parenchymal or extraparenchymal and therefore several signs and symptoms may occur. Depending on their location, neurosurgical procedures may be required, sometimes as emergencies. The aim here was to review 10-year statistics on all surgical neurocysticercosis cases at a large public tertiary-level hospital. DESIGN AND SETTING: Retrospective cohort at a large public tertiary-level hospital. METHODS: All surgical neurocysticercosis cases seen between July 2006 and July 2016 were reviewed. Parenchymal and extraparenchymal forms were considered, along with every type of surgical procedure (shunt, endoscopic third ventriculostomy and craniotomy). The literature was reviewed through PubMed, using the terms “neurocysticercosis”, “surgery”, “shunt” and “hydrocephalus”. RESULTS: 37 patients underwent neurosurgical procedures during the study period. Most were male (62.16%) and extraparenchymal cases predominated (81%). Patients aged 41 to 50 years were most affected (35.13%) and those 20 years or under were unaffected. Ventricular forms were most frequently associated with hydrocephalus and required permanent shunts in most cases (56.57%). CONCLUSIONS: The treatment of neurocysticercosis depends on the impairment: the parenchymal type usually does not require surgery, which is more common in the extraparenchymal form. Hydrocephalus is a frequent complication because the cysts often obstruct the cerebrospinal flow. The cysts should be removed whenever possible, to avoid the need for permanent shunts.
Conexões na transformação da experiência do sofrimento psíquico: articulação entre memória e história
Authors: Braga Cláudia Pellegrini
Published: April 2017

Nos modos de atenção aos sujeitos com experiência do sofrimento psíquico, mesmo que de diferentes bases teórico-conceituais, considera-se o encontro com outras pessoas no mundo como primordial para transformação de um processo. Essa posição exige a invenção de novas práticas, o que vem sendo feito, e a releitura de conceitos-chave de campos como a psicanálise, que precisam ser reexaminados. Realizou-se um estudo teórico-crítico acerca do conceito-chave memória, entendida como incessante reinscrição de fatos e acontecimentos, em uma articulação com o conceito de história, compreendida como reconstrução contínua de um processo com múltiplas conexões. A análise foi desenvolvida em diálogo com a filosofia, e uma narrativa literária foi apresentada para sustentar a argumentação. Refletiu-se sobre a articulação teórica entre memória, história e sofrimento psíquico, e foi assinalado que as possibilidades de transformação se dão, necessariamente, nas conexões com um território.
Observações sobre o comportamento de acasalamento de Culex quinquefasciatus Say (Diptera-Culicitlae)
Authors: Charlwood J. Derek
Published: April 2017

Resumo Um estudo foi conduzido sobre o comportamento de acasalamento de linhagens de Culex quinquefasciatus Say do Gâmbia, África Ocidental e Amazonas. Brasil. Usando um sistema de televisão sensível ao infravermelho para observação no "escuro", os experimentos mostraram que os machos são atraídos pela emissão de som no vôo da fêmea e pareceram não distinguir entre membros de suas espécies e de outros gêneros. A resposta dos machos à emissão de som artificial de vôo da fêmea tem um pico em L.D. 12:12 na hora seguinte à interrupção da luz no laboratório e apresenta um padrão circadiano em escuro constante. No campo, o acasalamento foi observado quando os machos estavam em enxame voando ativamente. A conclusão obtida é de que o acasalamento depende da atividade do macho, mas que a escolha do padrão específico da espécie depende da fêmea.
Como jornalistas lidam com fontes disponíveis nas redes sociais do ciberespaço
Authors: Bueno Thaísa Cristina
Published: April 2017

Resumo Este livro debate como os jornalistas têm se relacionado com as fontes disponíveis nas redes sociais para entender sua influência na rotina produtiva, bem como o nível de confiabilidade que os profissionais dão a essas fontes acessadas diretamente no ciberespaço. A pesquisa tem como foco a mídia de Mato Grosso do Sul, mas os resultados permitem olhar criticamente para a realidade de veículos no interior do Brasil
Comunicação e consentimento na pesquisa e na clínica: análise conceitual
Authors: Schramm Fermin Roland
Published: April 2017

Resumo Os dispositivos da comunicação e do consentimento fazem parte das ferramentas da prática em pesquisa e da prática clínica, e têm, portanto, importante dimensão moral em bioética. Isso se deve ao fato de serem estruturados pela dialética entre a conflituosidade inerente ao ethos e as tentativas de estabelecer convergências nele. Essas convergências podem se apresentar como modalidades de tentativa de harmonia entre as partes (como sugerido por Maliandi), ou, mais simplesmente, como maneira de os agentes morais obterem permissão (como sugerido por Engelhardt) do uso dos corpos dos pacientes morais. O artigo propõe análise conceitual desses dispositivos, por considerá-la condição necessária para abordar a moralidade das práticas de pesquisa envolvendo seres humanos e a prática clínica, que se dão entre agentes e pacientes morais.
Ortotanásia nas unidades de terapia intensiva: percepção dos enfermeiros
Authors: Santana Júlio César Batista , Dutra Bianca Santana , Carlos Janaína Maria Machado , Barros Jenniffer Kelly Assis de
Published: April 2017

Resumo Este artigo tem como objetivo compreender o significado do processo de morrer com dignidade em unidade de terapia intensiva na percepção dos enfermeiros. Trata-se de pesquisa com abordagem qualitativa envolvendo entrevista com 12 enfermeiros do curso de especialização lato sensu de enfermagem em UTI adulto, pediátrica e neonatal da Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Minas Gerais, por meio do método de análise do discurso proposto por Laurence Bardin. Após a análise do discurso surgiram cinco categorias, discutidas ao longo do artigo. Conclui-se que, na percepção dos enfermeiros, a ortotanásia é prática que visa respeito à dignidade humana por meio de morte digna, além de estar envolta em princípios bioéticos que permitem suspender medidas curativas, dando espaço para o paliativismo como mecanismo de diminuição do sofrimento e da dor dos pacientes em fase terminal.
Testamento vital na prática médica: compreensão dos profissionais
Authors: Moreira Márcia Adriana Dias Meirelles , Costa Solange Fátima Geraldo da , Cunha Mônica Lorena Dias Meirelles da , Zaccara Ana Aline Lacet , Negro-Dellacqua Melissa , Dutra Fernando
Published: April 2017

Resumo O testamento vital é tema discutido no âmbito da saúde e do direito, e importante instrumento para direcionar a assistência prestada ao paciente terminal de acordo com suas aspirações. Esta pesquisa exploratória com abordagem qualitativa estuda a opinião de 36 médicos, residentes em hospital público, acerca da inserção das diretivas antecipadas da vontade do paciente ou testamento vital na prática médica. A coleta de dados ocorreu em agosto de 2013. Evidenciou-se a relevância do testamento vital no respeito à autonomia do paciente terminal, propiciando humanização do seu atendimento. Este artigo demonstra igualmente a necessidade de criação de dispositivo legal que regulamente sua utilização formal no Brasil, além de ampliar discussões acerca da temática, com ênfase na realidade brasileira, a fim de promover maior compreensão sobre o posicionamento de médicos quanto aos últimos momentos da vida dos pacientes.
Paradoxos do Exercício de Práticas de Biopoder na Amazônia Paraense
Authors: Lemos Flávia Cristina Silveira , Santos Igor do Carmo , Ferreira Evelyn Tarcilda Almeida , Sousa Luzia Poça , Arruda André Benassuly
Published: April 2017

Resumo Este artigo visa pensar as relações de biopoder na Amazônia paraense, como elas operam deixando morrer, matando em nome da vida, confiscando terras, bens e corpos, ao atualizarem elementos da sociedade de soberania. Questionar este processo é um dos principais objetivos deste texto na medida em que traz um quadro dos acontecimentos da região amazônica paraense no campo dos extermínios de lideranças indígenas, ambientalistas e de tráfico de pessoas, trabalho análogo ao escravo, além, da exploração sexual e da intensa retirada de madeira e minérios, deixando a miséria, a destruição ambiental e os custos destes problemas para a população.
ATIVIDADE FÍSICA E GORDURA CORPORAL DE ADOLESCENTES VIVENDO COM HIV: UM ESTUDO COMPARATIVO
Authors: Martins Priscila Custódio , Lima Luiz Rodrigo Augustemak de , Teixeira Davi Monteiro , Carvalho Aroldo Prohmann de , Petroski Edio Luiz
Published: April 2017

RESUMO Objetivo: Comparar a atividade física habitual entre adolescentes que vivem com o vírus da imunodeficiência humana (HIV) e seus pares saudáveis e testar a relação com indicadores antropométricos de gordura corporal. Método: Estudo transversal, com dois grupos de investigação, composto por 57 adolescentes (10-15 anos) com HIV e 54 adolescentes aparentemente saudáveis, pareados por sexo e idade. Medidas antropométricas foram realizadas e a atividade física habitual foi obtida por um questionário aplicado em entrevista. Os grupos foram comparados de acordo com os exercícios físicos e foi testada a correlação linear e correlação parcial (ajustada por sexo e idade) entre atividade física e os indicadores antropométricos. Resultados: Adolescentes que vivem com HIV apresentaram menor escore total de atividade física, comparados aos pares saudáveis (1,73 versus 2,14; p<0,001); porém tiveram maior participação nas práticas de educação física escolar. Ambos os grupos praticaram futebol e caminhadas mais frequentemente, entre as atividades físicas relatadas. Não houve correlação entre o escore total de atividade física e os indicadores antropométricos de gordura corporal, quando ajustado por sexo e idade. As variáveis sexo feminino (β=21,51), meses de exposição à terapia antirretroviral (β=1,26) e as classes econômicas “B” e “C” (β= 22,05 e β=28,15, respectivamente) explicaram 33% do somatório de dobras cutâneas de adolescentes que vivem com HIV (F=6,70; p<0,001). Conclusões: Adolescentes com o HIV têm menor escore de atividade física comparados aos pares saudáveis, porém a educação física escolar se mostrou um espaço favorável para o aumento dessa prática.
Growth and development of Conyza bonariensis based on days or thermal units
Authors: Soares Daniel Jorge , Oliveira Wladecir Salles de , Uzuele Elvio Lorençato , Carvalho Saul Jorge Pinto de , Ovejero Ramiro Fernando Lopez , Christoffoleti Pedro Jacob
Published: April 2017

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the growth and development of a glyphosate-resistant population of Conyza bonariensis in different sowing dates (autumn, winter, and spring) and in two agricultural environments, based on days or thermal units. Five experiments were performed in two agricultural environments in Brazil: two in the municipality of Não-Me-Toque, in the state of Rio Grande do Sul - with sowings in July and September 2011; and three in the municipality of Santa Cruz das Palmeiras, in the state of São Paulo ‒ with sowings in April, July, and September 2011. In each trial, ten evaluations of the phenological development and total dry mass of C.bonariensis were performed, fitting these variables to a unit of time in days or growing degree days. The phenological development of C.bonariensis had the best adjustment at the base temperature of 8.4oC, and was affected by sowing date and agricultural environment. In autumn, with decreasing temperature and photoperiod, plants are still able to accumulate dry mass, but without floral induction. In spring, with increasing temperature and photoperiod, dry mass accumulation is lower, but phenological development is faster, with significant floral induction.
Silage production of corn intercropped with tropical forages in an integrated crop-livestock system with lambs
Authors: Pariz Cristiano Magalhães , Costa Ciniro , Crusciol Carlos Alexandre Costa , Meirelles Paulo Roberto de Lima , Castilhos André Michel de , Andreotti Marcelo , Costa Nídia Raquel , Martello Jorge Martinelli
Published: April 2017

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of intercropping systems between corn and tropical forages, at different cutting heights, on silage production, light interception, land use efficiency, intercropping competition factors, and pasture production. In the 2010/2011 and 2011/2012 crop seasons, two cultivation modalities were evaluated in the summer/autumn - monocropped corn with residual regrowth of signal grass (Urochloa decumbens) from the soil seed bank and corn intercropped with palisade grass (U. brizantha 'Marandu') -, in a factorial arrangement with two cutting heights for silage production - 0.20 and 0.45 m. After corn silage harvest, the forages were grazed by lambs in a semi-feedlot system, in the winter/spring. Monocropped corn and 0.45-m cutting height both reduced dry matter yield for silage. Corn intercropped with palisade grass improved land use efficiency from 13 to 31% compared with monocropped crop, with land equivalent ratio greater than 1. Palisade grass showed higher light interception than signal grass over the intercrop period with corn and provided greater forage yield for lambs to graze during winter/spring. Corn intercropped with palisade grass, compared with monocropped corn, especially at the cutting height of 0.45 m, is a viable option for improving silage and pasture production, as well as land use efficiency in the integrated crop-livestock system.
Agrochemicals and storage times on soybean seed vigor
Authors: Bortoletto Wilian Vinicius , Macedo Willian Rodrigues , Oliveira Thalyta Coelho de , Souza Daniela Silva
Published: April 2017

Abstract: The objective of this work was to investigate the potential physiological damage of the treatment of '97Y07RR' soybean seeds with different pesticides at different storage times, in order to define the optimal period of sowing. The germination rate, the germination speed index, and shoot fresh matter were evaluated. Thiamethoxam did not cause losses in seed vigor with increasing storage time; however, the other agrochemicals caused significant losses. Seed treatment should be performed up to 90 days before sowing.
IDENTIFICATION AND VALIDATION OF REFERENCE GENES FOR THE NORMALIZATION IN REAL-TIME RT-QPCR ON RICE AND RED RICE IN COMPETITION, UNDER DIFFERENT NITROGEN DOSES
Authors: BENEMANN D.P. , NOHATO A.M. , VARGAS L. , AVILA L.A , AGOSTINETTO D.
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACT Real time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) is an important technique to analyze differences in gene expression due to its sensitivity, accuracy, and specificity. However, before analyzing the expression of the target gene, it is necessary to identify and evaluate the stability of candidate reference genes for the proper normalization. This study aimed at evaluating the stability of candidate reference genes in order to identify the most appropriate genes for the normalization of the transcription in rice and red rice in competition under different nitrogen levels, as well as to demonstrate the effectiveness of the reference gene selected for the expression of the cytosolic ascorbate peroxidase (OsAPX2). Eleven candidate reference genes were assessed using the RefFinder which integrates the four leading software: geNorm, NormFinder, Bestkeeper, and the comparative delta-Ct method in addition to the analysis of variance to identify genes with lower standard deviation and coefficient of variation values. Eight out of the eleven genes have shown the desired effectiveness and, among them, the gene UBC-E2 has the highest stability according to RefFinder and the analysis of variance. The expression of the gene OsAPX2 has proven to be effective in validating the candidate reference gene. This study is the first survey on the stability of candidate reference genes in rice and red rice in competition, providing information to obtain more accurate results in RT-qPCR.
Extracorporeal respiratory support in adult patients
Authors: Romano Thiago Gomes , Mendes Pedro Vitale , Park Marcelo , Costa Eduardo Leite Vieira
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACT In patients with severe respiratory failure, either hypoxemic or hypercapnic, life support with mechanical ventilation alone can be insufficient to meet their needs, especially if one tries to avoid ventilator settings that can cause injury to the lungs. In those patients, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), which is also very effective in removing carbon dioxide from the blood, can provide life support, allowing the application of protective lung ventilation. In this review article, we aim to explore some of the most relevant aspects of using ECMO for respiratory support. We discuss the history of respiratory support using ECMO in adults, as well as the clinical evidence; costs; indications; installation of the equipment; ventilator settings; daily care of the patient and the system; common troubleshooting; weaning; and discontinuation.
Nurses' knowledge and practices regarding pain management in newborns
Authors: Costa Taine , Rossato Lisabelle Mariano , Bueno Mariana , Secco Izabela Linha , Sposito Natália Pinheiro Braga , Harrison Denise , Freitas Júnia Selma de
Published: April 2017

Abstract OBJECTIVE To analyze nurses' knowledge and practices regarding pain management of newborns admitted to Neonatal Intensive Care Units. METHOD A descriptive and cross-sectional study. Data were collected from 51 nurses based on an adapted questionnaire aimed at evaluating knowledge and practices regarding the management of neonatal pain in six hospitals in Curitiba and its Metropolitan Region. RESULTS For most nurses (86.0%), neonates feel pain. A total of 34.7% of the nurses reported never using pain assessment scales. Pain management was recorded by 84.3% of the nurses. Administered pharmacological measures were Paracetamol and Fentanyl (47.1%) and Morphine (17.6%); while non-pharmacological measures adopted were sweetened solution (68.6%), non-nutritive sucking (58.8%) and positioning (56.9%). CONCLUSION Nurses considered neonatal pain a real event; however, they do not perform pain assessment or treatment of newborns in a systematized way.It is necessary to implement knowledge translation strategiesin order to improve pain management in newborns.
High risk pregnancies and factors associated with neonatal death
Authors: Demitto Marcela de Oliveira , Gravena Angela Andréia França , Dell’Agnolo Cátia Millene , Antunes Marcos Benatti , Pelloso Sandra Marisa
Published: April 2017

Abstract OBJECTIVE To identify the factors associated with intra-hospital neonatal mortality based on the individual characteristics of at-risk pregnant mothers, delivery and newborns. METHOD This was a cross-sectional epidemiological study of live newborns delivered by women attended at the high-risk outpatient unit of a philanthropic hospital in Maringá, Paraná, Brazil between September 2012 and September 2013. RESULTS Six hundred and eighty-eight women participated in the study. The neonatal mortality coefficient found was 17.7/1,000 live births, most in the early neonatal phase. Premature labor, fetal malformation and multiple gestations were associated with neonatal death. Premature, very low birth weight newborns and those with an Apgar score of less than seven, five minutes after birth were at high risk of death. CONCLUSION Identifying risk factors can help plan actions to consolidate the perinatal network. Specific programs should be incentivized in other countries, in the search for significant perinatal results such as reducing neonatal mortality.
Uma Revisão dos Aspectos Psicossociais Relacionados ao Cometimento de Atos Infracionais no Rio Grande do Sul (Brasil) pós a Lei Sinase
Authors: Luana Figueira Silva  , Sandra da Silva Silveira
Published: April 2017

A ocorrência de atos infracionais cometidos por adolescentes é um conflito social relevante que se origina da relação entre múltiplas variáveis de ordem psicológica, fisiológica e sociológica. O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar de que forma as produções acadêmicas na área da psicologia estão abordando os aspectos psicossociais após a entrada em vigor da Lei nº 12.594/12 (Sinase). Realizou-se uma revisão da literatura no período de janeiro de 2013 a julho de 2016 nas bases de dados de duas Universidades do Rio Grande do Sul. Os resultados apontaram que a produção de trabalhos científicos que analisam os aspectos individuais, psicológicos e familiares se sobrepõem àqueles que abordam os aspectos sociais, sendo a família considerada a principal envolvida no desenvolvimento do comportamento infrator, embora outros estudos tenham demonstrado que fatores do ambiente estariam mais associados a determinação de comportamentos agressivos do que os aspectos individuais.
"Ma, kan Ma dan nie sien dat ek aan die brand is nie?" Enkele opmerkings oor wat ons vandag is
Authors: Hofmeyr A
Published: April 2017

Die huidige nasionale krisis in tersiêre onderrig in Suid-Afrika, gesien teen die agtergrond van 'n korrupte nasionale regering wat geen leiding neem om die krisis te bestuur nie, noop filosowe om 'n indringende analise te onderneem van ons tyd. In 'n poging om sin te versin begin die artikel met 'n soort denkeksperiment waarin ons land, Suid-Afrika haar op die spreekwoordelike praatbank bevind in gesprek met die outeur-terapeut. In die loop van die terapie-sessie kom Freud se bekende droomscenario aan bod oor die oorlede kind wie se doodskleed aan die brand slaan en die droom wat sy/haar ouer op basis van die tragiese gebeure het. In hierdie essay word die droom met sy brand-motief gekoppel aan die heersende toestand in Suid-Afrika wat deur koerantopskrifte beskryf word as 'n land wat brand van woede. In 'n poging om sin te versin word die Freudiaanse droom sorgvuldig vanuit Lacaniaanse perspektief geanaliseer. Vervolgens poog die essay om na te speur waarom die huidige woede van die jeug op hierdie spesifieke historiese tydstip so vurig is. Die speurtog bring die outeur op Mbembe se spoor en spesifiek sy oortuiging dat die fundamentele vraag rakende die herstel van sosiale bande wat vernietig is deur mensehandel en die eindelose oorloë nie vooropgestel word in die postkoloniale diskoers rondom die identiteit van die Afrika-subjek nie. In plaas daarvan figureer die Afrikaan primêr as passiewe slagoffer oorgelewer aan magte buite sy/haar beheer, onbewustelik geteken deur die onderdrukte trauma van die broedermoord wat mede ten grondslag van die slawehandel lê. As die vrygebore generasie in die teken staan van 'n oorspronklike trauma wat alle daaropvolgende traumas hulle trefkrag gee en wat irrasionele emosie-gedrewe reaksies tot gevolg het, hoe kan ons hoop op 'n uitkoms wat nie vooraf bepaal is deur dieselfde regressiewe spiraal van ons en hulle, van geweldpleger en slagoffer nie? Op 'n hoopvolle wyse wend die outeur haar tot Lacan om die vraag te beslis. Lacan dring aan op 'n minimale dog weerbarstige keusevryheid wat die historiese voorafbepaaldheid kan deurbreek. Daar word bevind dat die sogenaamde keusevryheid allesbehalwe 'n eenvoudige antwoord op die dilemma bied.
Seymour Papert and Us. Constructionism as the Educational Philosophy of the 21st Century
Authors: Semenov Alexei
Published: April 2017

Seymour Papert — a major philosopher of education, a great educator of modern age, and the father of constructionism — passed away in summer 2016. The floor and screen turtles he added to the Logo programming language provided visualization and objectification of the processes, as well as conciseness of programming. As a result, Logo developed into a unique environment that millions of children in dozens of countries use to learn algorithmic (or computational) thinking. Professor Seymour Papert visited the Soviet Union and Russia a number of times. He played a key role in the establishment of the post-Soviet school’s educational philosophy. The article describes a number of crucial ideas and events associated with the development of Papert’s education philosophy, the implementation of his educational conception in Russia, his visits to Russia, and his meetings with Russian educators, which were first of all attended by the author.
Working Time and Role Strains of Research and Teaching Staff in a Modern Russian University
Authors: Abramov Roman , Gruzdev Ivan , Terentev Evgeniy
Published: April 2017

The article touches upon the changes in roles within the academic profession in Russia arising from the education and science reform. The analysis is made through the example of the National Research University Higher School of Economics (HSE). Both quantitative and qualitative data is used to suggest a typology of faculties based on their work time allocation. The typology includes five types of faculties: teacher researchers, teachers, researchers, “universal soldiers”, and experts. Different types show different levels of  atisfaction with their work time budget: those who do a lot of teaching and administrative work tend to be less satisfied. This can be explained by the changes in the system of faculty certification in Russia and by how academic staff responds to those changes. Interview results are used to highlight the typical work time allocation problems faced by faculties. Those include a low degree of freedom to manage one’s own work time, the lack of boundary in work-life balance, excessive teaching load, an increase in unscheduled tasks, and the problem of workload delegation requiring high research and management skills.
Generation of mFwe knockout n2a cells from Yao CK et al. (2017) v1
Authors: Yao Chi-Kuang , Yu-Tzu Liu not provided , I-Chi Lee not provided , You-Tung Wang not provided , Ping-Yen Wu not provided
Published: April 2017

This protocol describes the generation of mFwe Knockout n2a cells. It is from 'Flower Ca2+ channel in CME and ADBE' of Yao CK et al. Please see the manuscript for the full method details.
Towards Exit from the EU: The Conservative Party’s Increasing Euroscepticism since the 1980s
Authors: Dorey Peter
Published: April 2017

Since the 1980s, Britain’s Conservative Party has become increasingly critical of the European Union, and of the country’s membership of it. So contentious and controversial has this issue become that it was a significant factor in the downfall of three consecutive Conservative Prime Ministers, all of whom found it increasingly difficult to manage their Party in Parliament, and thereby maintain any semblance of Party unity. Initially, during the 1980s and 1990s, the intra-Party divisions were between Europhiles (pro-Europeans) and Eurosceptics, but this demarcation was subsequently superseded by a division between soft Eurosceptics and hard Eurosceptics. The development and deepening of these intra-Party divisions are attributable to a plethora of endogenous and exogenous factors, the combined and cumulative effect of which ultimately led to the ‘Brexit’ vote in the June 2016 referendum.
Relación entre práctica y asistencia a eventos deportivos: un estudio sobre el caso del judo en España
Authors: Mateu Pau , Inglés Eduard
Published: April 2017

This research aims to show the profile of attendees to judo competitions in Spain, as well as the relationship between sports participation and attendance to judo events. The sample consisted of 270 people who attended three absolute and senior judo events of different competitive levels. Data collection was carried out through questionnaires which were administered during the celebration of the studied events. Frequency and percentage analysis, means comparisons between sexes and contrast procedures were performed. The information obtained shows the majority profiles of people attending judo competitions in Spain. It also establishes a positive link between sport participation and judo events attendance, just as it shows a high proportion of judo players and former judo players at events in this sporting discipline. This study is a step forward in the field of attending martial arts events and contact sports in Spain, and opens the possibility to continue studying on the subject, both in the case of judo so as in other disciplines.
Microalbuminuria as an early marker of left ventricular hypertrophy in type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Kanwar Balshine S. , Gupta Abhishek , Virmani Sunil K.
Published: April 2017

Background: Microalbuminuria and left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) have both been shown independently to be associated with increased cardiovascular (CVS) mortality in type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) patients. This cross-sectional study was conducted to examine whether microalbuminuria is associated with LVH in non-hypertensive type 2 DM patients with early or no diabetic nephropathy.Methods: 100 patients of type 2 DM were studied. Patients with Hypertension (BP >140/90 mm hg or on anti-hypertensive medication), history of coronary artery disease or valvular heart disease, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) < 60 ml/min/1.73 m2, known thyroid disease or active urinary tract infection (UTI) were excluded from the study. All patients were subjected to spot urine test for microalbuminuria by urinary albumin creatinine ratio (UACR), 12 lead ECG to detect LVH, 2D echocardiography to calculate LV mass index (LVMI), anthropometry, urine routine examination, kidney function test, fasting lipid profile and HbA1c.Results: Of the 100 enrolled patients, 39 were found to have normoalbuminuria, 39 had microalbuminuria & 22 patients had macroalbuminuria. The correlation between increased albuminuria and LVMI was found to be statistically significant (P value < 0.001) and the LV mass significantly increased as albuminuria increased along the continuum of normoalbuminuria to macroalbuminuria. UACR showed a statistically significant correlation with age, eGFR, duration of diabetes (P value < 0.01) and HbA1c (P value < 0.05).Conclusions: Microalbuminuria is associated with LVH in non-hypertensive type 2 DM patients and thus may serve as an early marker of LVH and help identify patients at high CVS risk.
Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia as a cause of prolonged low platelet count in patient with thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura treated with plasmapheresis
Authors: Winiarska Agata , Kwella Norbert , Stompór Tomasz
Published: April 2017

Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) is a rare disorder belonging to thrombotic microangiopathies (TMA) and is caused by functional deficiency of metalloproteinase ADAMTS-13. Plasma exchange (PE) remains the treatment of choice in this disease. Here were describe the case of patient who apparently recovered from TTP following multiple sessions of PE, but remained thrombocytopenic. Careful analysis revealed the development of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) that precluded platelet count (PLT) normalization. Full normalization of PLT followed discontinuation of PE and low-molecular weight heparin.
Optimal number of students in the class
Authors: Dubovec Juraj , Falat Lukas , Makysova Jana
Published: April 2017

This contribution describes the model for determining the number of pupils in the class of one teacher in primary school education in context of Slovak Republic. Actually, legislation defines the minimal and maximal number of pupils in the class. The model which we created is based on economic principles. These are usually different from â€œpolitically acceptable solutionsâ€.Our model raises up from the presumption that greater is a number of pupils in the class the parents have to study more with their children at home and complete the work of teachers at home. But greater number of pupils in the class decreases medium labor costs for teacher per pupil. The simulation permit to define different range of parameters and to compare results for different variants.

Keywords: pupils; class; number; parameters; simulation; cost function; Slovakia
CONHECIMENTO TRADICIONAL E DIREITO DE PATENTE: Fatos e contradições no caso da Poaia
Authors: Feres Marcos Vinício Chein , Moreira João Vitor de Freitas , Andrade Felipe César de
Published: April 2017

O artigo decorre de uma pesquisa empírica na área do direito sobre a relação entre Direito de Patente, Biodiversidade e Conhecimento Tradicional associado. O objeto da pesquisa é a Psychotria ipecacuanha, nome científico da planta Poaia, dotada de excepcionais qualidades medicinais e de extrema importância na exploração econômica do Brasil Colonial. Levando em conta os marcos normativos internacionais TRIPS e CDB, verifica-se a hipótese de estes não alterarem o processo de expropriação colonial e biopirataria praticados contra os grupos detentores de conhecimento tradicional. Para tanto, a partir de uma metodologia de pesquisa empírica, recolhem-se patentes relacionadas a essa planta depositadas na OMPI e, em 23/02/2016, selecionam-se cinco patentes referentes à espécie. Embasado nos marcos normativos de Bankowski, que trata da relação entre Direito e Amor e da ontologia moral da Luta pelo Reconhecimento de Axel Honneth, conclui-se o trabalho com a realização de inferências que revelam as dificuldades inerentes ao sistema de patentes derivadas de uma concepção legalista do direito e, principalmente, dos marcos normativos do TRIPS e da CDB em estabelecer uma relação harmônica entre o saber tradicional e a cultura ocidental.
DESAFIOS E LIMITAÇÕES À PESQUISA EMPÍRICA EM DIREITO NO BRASIL: explorando o estudo sobre Justiça Itinerante
Authors: Ferraz Leslie Shérida
Published: April 2017

O artigo explora o processo de concepção da pesquisa empírica intitulada “Democratização do acesso à Justiça e efetivação de Direitos: a Justiça Itinerante no Brasil”, desenvolvida no âmbito do Ipea-ProRedes, que envolveu diversas instituições ao longo do país, conectadas em rede. Além do próprio Ipea (Instituto de Pesquisa Econômica Aplicada), participaram do estudo a Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro (PUC-Rio), Escola da Magistratura da AJURIS (Rio Grande do Sul), Universidade Federal do Amapá (UNIFAP) e Instituto de Tecnologia e Pesquisa (ITP – Sergipe). Este ensaio busca evidenciar as principais dificuldades encontradas na realização da pesquisa – tanto no delineamento da metodologia quanto na fase de coleta e tratamento de dados. Resgata, para tanto, o desenho metodológico do estudo e apresenta suas principais fragilidades.
Reaching Students in Online Courses Using Alternative Formats
Authors: Fidalgo Patricia , Thormann Joan
Published: April 2017

This research was conducted to explore whether students enrolled in graduate level courses found some Universal Design for Learning (UDL) strategies useful and if they actually used them. The strategies we investigated were presenting course information in alternative formats including PowerPoints with voiceover, screencasts, and videos as an alternative to text resources. In addition, students were invited to submit assignments in alternative formats as well as text. To examine these strategies, we used a student questionnaire, analytics from Blackboard, and assignment formats students used. The results indicate that text was the preferred format for accessing course information and resources as well as assignment submission. However, a substantial number of students acknowledged the benefits of using alternative formats and a smaller percentage used them. We suggest that instructors take advantage of UDL strategies that were examined since a sufficient number of students used them and because learning styles differ. We can reach more students by using these strategies.
Rethinking Distance Tutoring in e-Learning Environments: A Study of the Priority of Roles and Competencies of Open University Tutors in China
Authors: Li Shuang , Zhang Jingjing , Yu Chen , Chen Li
Published: April 2017

This study aims to identify the priority of the roles and competencies of tutors working in the e-learning environments where the tutors are experiencing the changes brought by reforming traditional TV and broadcasting university to open universities. The mixed methods, DACUM, non-participatory observation, and questionnaires were used to identify the priority of the roles and competencies of tutors. The findings suggested that the priority of the roles and competencies has significantly changed accompanied to the shift of pedagogy from cognitive behaviorist to social-constructivist and connectivist. Changes in the roles of the instructional designer and instructor were highlighted. Significant differences in perceptions of the importance of the roles and competencies corresponding to learning management and technology use also merit further attention.
Examining MOOCs: A Comparative Study among Educational Technology Experts in Traditional and Open Universities
Authors: Cabrera Nati , Fernández Ferrer Maite
Published: April 2017

The proliferation of Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) in recent years has generated much debate. MOOCs have been presented as technology-based educational practices, but many researchers question if this kind of open courses really respects some of the consolidated principles behind the education offered at universities. In light of this situation, consulting the teachers most closely tied to this type of course can provide an authoritative view of the issue and can allow the most important elements to be highlighted in order to carry out further research. Using a qualitative methodology based on an open questionnaire, this work presents the opinions and perceptions of teachers/lecturers in educational technology regarding these new courses key elements. These key elements are analysed through analysing its controversial definition, their pedagogical advantages and limitations, the functions of a tutor in a MOOC and their assessment (or accreditation). In addition, a comparison is made between the contributions of teachers from a traditional university with a face-to-face model and those from a distance university, which is based entirely on a virtual training offer and which has a greater possibility of coming into direct competition with these Massive Open Online Courses.
Iliopsoas Impingement After Primary Total Hip Arthroplasty: Operative and Nonoperative Treatment Outcomes
Authors: Chalmers Brian P. , Sculco Peter K. , Sierra Rafael J. , Trousdale Robert T. , Berry Daniel J.
Published: April 2017

Background:

A potential cause of persistent groin pain after total hip arthroplasty is impingement of the iliopsoas tendon. Treatment options include conservative management, tenotomy, and acetabular revision, but the literature, to our knowledge, has been limited to small case series on each technique. We present a series of patients with iliopsoas impingement after total hip arthroplasty and evaluate efficacy and risk factors for success or failure of each treatment strategy.

Methods:

Forty-nine patients treated at one institution for a diagnosis of iliopsoas impingement after primary total hip arthroplasty with hemispherical acetabular component and polyethylene bearing were retrospectively reviewed. Twenty-one patients underwent acetabular revision, 8 patients underwent tenotomy, and 20 patients had nonoperative management. The mean follow-up was 4 years. Anterior acetabular component prominence was measured on true lateral hip radiographs.

Results:

At the most recent follow-up, 10 patients (50%) in the nonoperative group had groin pain resolution compared with 22 patients (76%) in the operative group (p = 0.06). In patients with <8 mm of component prominence, tenotomy provided resolution of groin pain in 5 (100%) of 5 patients and a mean Harris hip score of 89 points. In patients with ≥8 mm of prominence, acetabular revision led to groin pain resolution in 12 (92%) of 13 patients compared with 1 (33%) of 3 patients treated with tenotomy (p = 0.07).

Conclusions:

Nonoperative management of iliopsoas impingement led to groin pain resolution in 50% of patients. In patients with minimal acetabular component prominence, iliopsoas release provided a high rate of success. Acetabular revision was more predictable for groin pain resolution in patients with ≥8 mm of anterior component prominence.

Level of Evidence:

Therapeutic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Technology Update: Electrokinetic Deposition of Asphaltenes Studied Under Dynamic Conditions
Authors: Kostarelos Konstantinos , Martin Clint , Tran Kyo , Moreno Jose , Hubik Aaron , Ayatolli Shahab
Published: April 2017

Technology Update

Asphaltenes represent the heaviest fraction of crude oil, which are known to precipitate when the crude is added to aliphatic solvents such as n-pentane or n-heptane and yet remain soluble in light aromatic solvents such as benzene or toluene (Gawrys et al. 2006; Borton et al. 2010). They are characterized by highly complex structures that contain multiple aromatic rings and have a large hetero-atom content (e.g., nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur) and metal content (e.g., vanadium and nickel) (Yarranton 2000; Hashmi and Firoozabadi 2012).

Asphaltenes tend to self-associate on a molecular level, depending on the composition, temperature, and pressure of the system. Precipitation of the particles out of solution results in flocculation, where they begin to deposit on hydrophobic surfaces such as metal pipes and surface equipment used for the production and transportation of crude oils (Khvostichenko and Andersen 2009). These tendencies result in reduced flow or complete blockage of producing wells and surface equipment, including pumps, pipelines, and separators.

Currently, the only methods of treatment are through the use of chemical dispersants and inhibitors, which increase the stability of asphaltenes to prevent deposition. Once asphaltene deposition has occurred, running a “pig” through the pipeline is often the method used to scrape the solids that accumulated on the walls of the pipe. It is known that asphaltene molecules can be polarized, gaining an electric charge by introducing an electrostatic field (Hashmi and Firoozabadi 2012; Khvostichenko and Andersen 2009; Khvostichenko and Andersen 2010; Hosseini et al. 2016). The polarity of the asphaltene particles is directly related to its hetero-atom content, with a higher hetero-atom content giving increased levels of polarity and a higher rate of aggregation (Hosseini et al. 2016).

Experimental Device

Our ultimate goal is to build a device (Fig. 1a) that would remove asphaltenes from crude oil near the point of production, using electrokinetics. Thus, a scaled-down device (Fig. 1b) was fabricated and tested using a model oil to prove the concept and study some of the parameters that would influence the design of a larger-scale device.
Drilling Operation Improvement in Overpressure Zone with Managed Pressure Drilling Technology in LFN Field
Authors: Fajar Rizki Arie , Irawan Cepi , Hasudungan Boyke
Published: April 2017

Drilling activity in Seram Island block is one of the most active in the Eastern Region of Indonesia. Drilling operator in the block has conducted drilling of 2 (two) exploration wells, where one of the well reached total depth to 19,230 ft. The well is one of the deepest onshore well in Indonesia. Both exploration wells have target to penetrate Manusela Formation as objective reservoir.

Actual drilling depth of the first exploration well LFN-1 in LFN field is 14,525 ft and the second well LFN-2 is 19,230 ft. The drilling effort in the LFN field faced many challenges, such as those experienced in LFN-1 well during drilling 8-1/2" hole section in Lower Nief formation whose lithology is limestone, partial loss occurred and in the consecutive formation of Kola with Shale whose lithology contained overpressure zone resulting in kick and well control effort has to be taken. This shows that the drilling operation in 8-1/2" hole section there is a narrow window of pressure regime between Pore Pressure (PP) and Fracture Pressure (FP) which is estimated to be ± 2 ppg. Thus drilling operator is required to use the latest method or technology to overcome the challenges and to finish drilling safely.

Efforts that were made to minimize operation problems in well LFN-1 have been analyzed and learned to be improvement on well LFN-2. One of the solutions selected was to use current well-known technology which is Manage Pressure Drilling (MPD) method on well LFN-2. The MPD is to be utilized on 8-1/2" hole section. The purpose of the application of the MPD method is to keep the Bottom Hole Pressure (BHP) to be constant in between Pore Pressure (PP) and Fracture Pressure (FP) thus minimizing the occurrence of losses and kick at the same time. The advantages of MPD usage are that we can make BHP constant during pipe connection so the hole does not allow kick and at the time of drilling, as it passes through the overpressure zone which is up to 17 ppg, the influx can be detected and anticipated quickly.

With the application of MPD method on LFN-2 well in 8-1/2" hole section, LFN-2 well could go according to plan and there was no problem as experienced before in well LFN-1. This is a good achievement in improving the performance of drilling at exploration wells with depth up to 19,230 ft.
HT Fracturing Fluid in Stimulating Saudi HTHP Gas Wells: Lab Results and Field Cases
Authors: Aldawsari M. A. , Al-Sagr A. M. , Al-Driweesh S. M. , Al-Shammari N. S. , Altammar A. H. , Atayev N. , Melo A.
Published: April 2017

The Carbonate Field, one of the world's largest oil and gas fields, consists of different reservoirs with different lithology where reservoir temperature ranges from 280 °F to 330 °F. Several high temperature, high pressure (HTHP) wells were hydraulically fractured in "Reservoir A," a gas bearing formation, in the Carbonate Field in Saudi Arabia. High temperature reservoirs present a challenge to successfully fracture because a novel fracturing fluid is necessary to sustain the high temperature.

Reservoir A is a sandstone gas-bearing reservoir associated with liquid condensate that in most cases requires hydraulic fracturing to enhance productivity and control sand production. Its high temperature and pressure creates technical and operational challenges.

The harsh formation environment requires a prolonged fluid stability to ensure stimulation effectiveness. Once the bottom-hole static temperature (BHST) is above 300 °F, borate-based crosslinked fracturing fluid can become unstable causing a rapid viscosity loss and eventually a poor proppant carrying capacity.

Metal-crosslinked fracturing fluids are well-known for high viscosity. Zirconates and Titanates are the main metal complexes of guar polymers. CarboxyMethylHydroxyPropyl Guar (CMHPG) crosslinked with Zirconium crosslinker is the most common fluid used in elevated bottom-hole applications as they develop excellent viscosity and proppant carrying capacity in these high temperature and pressure environments. Zirconate crosslinked fluids have been successfully pumped in wells where bottom-hole temperature exceeded 400 °F and resulted in a significant production increase (Stolyarov and Dean, 2011).

The technical stimulation approach in Reservoir A is to induce a wide and very conductive fracture to mitigate the pressure drop the producing fluid experiences as it reaches wellbore to prevent condensate banking. It is a vital to have a stable fluid to generate the right width to accept the higher proppant concentration.

This paper includes laboratory testing evaluation of fracturing fluid stability and breaker optimization. It will also show how the pressure falloff analysis was performed prior to the main frac to calibrate the fluid efficiency in the frac model and optimize fracture geometry. Post-treatment net pressure matching was conducted to predict the final fracture geometry and then nodal analysis was performed using the created fracture geometry and actual flowback data to further validate the incremental production increase after the treatment.