bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Partial Stability of Linear Hybrid Discrete–Continuous Itô Systems with Aftereffect
Authors: Kadiev Ramazan I. , Ponosov Arcady
Published: January 2025

This paper offers several new sufficient conditions of the partial moment stability of linear hybrid stochastic systems with delay. Despite its potential applications in economics, biology and physics, this problem seems to have not been addressed before. A number of general theorems on the partial moment stability of stochastic hybrid systems are proven herein by applying a specially designed regularization method, based on the connections between Lyapunov stability and input-to-state stability, which are well known in control theory. Based on the results obtained for stochastic hybrid systems, some new conditions of the partial stability of deterministic hybrid systems are derived as well. All stability conditions are conveniently formulated in terms of the coefficients of the systems. A numerical example illustrates the feasibility of the suggested framework.
The Equivalent Standard Forms of a Class of Tropical Matrices and Centralizer Groups
Authors: Cheng Yanliang
Published: January 2025

In this paper, the equivalent standard forms of tropical idempotent strongly definite matrices are introduced. In particular, the observation of the equivalent standard forms of tropical idempotent normal matrices is given. An equivalence relation ρ on the set of all tropical idempotent normal matrices, which is relevant to their centralizer groups, is introduced and studied. It is proved that every ρ-class contains at least one strongly regular tropical idempotent normal matrix. Furthermore, a structural description of the centralizer groups of partial strongly regular tropical idempotent normal matrices is given.
On the Pricing of Vulnerable Foreign Equity Options with Stochastic Volatility in an Intensity-Based Model
Authors: Jeon Junkee , Kim Geonwoo
Published: January 2025

In this study, we investigate the pricing of two types of vulnerable foreign equity options using an intensity-based model. It is considered that the intensity process consists of both systematic and idiosyncratic components. In addition, we assume that the underlying asset processes follow a two-factor stochastic volatility model. Under the proposed model, we obtain the explicit pricing formulas of vulnerable foreign equity options. Finally, we provide some numerical examples to demonstrate how credit risk and stochastic volatility affect option prices.
An Extension of a Formula of F. S. Rofe-Beketov
Authors: Gesztesy Fritz , Nichols Roger
Published: January 2025

We address the following problem in this study: given a nontrivial solution, y1, of a four-coefficient Sturm–Liouville eigenvalue differential equation, construct a second solution, y2, linearly independent of y1. In the process of describing the solution of this problem, we review the approaches by d’Alembert and Rofe-Beketov in the case of three-coefficient Sturm–Liouville eigenvalue differential equations.
On the Uniform Projection and Covering Problems in Descriptive Set Theory Under the Axiom of Constructibility
Authors: Kanovei Vladimir , Lyubetsky Vassily
Published: January 2025

The following two consequences of the axiom of constructibility V=L will be established for every n≥3: 1. Every linear Σn1 set is the projection of a uniform planar Πn−11 set. 2. There is a planar Πn−11 set with countable cross-sections not covered by a union of countably many uniform Σn1 sets. If n=2 then claims 1 and 2 hold in ZFC alone, without the assumption of V=L.
Privacy-Preserving Incentive Allocation for Fair and Resilient Data Sharing in Resource-Constrained Edge Computing Networks
Authors: Wang Yanfang , Li Shaobo , Chen Kangkun , Guo Ran , Li Judy
Published: January 2025

Efficient and secure data sharing is paramount for advancing modern digital ecosystems, especially within edge computing environments characterized by resource-constrained nodes and dynamic network topologies. In such settings, privacy preservation, computational efficiency, and system resilience are critical for user engagement and overall system performance. However, existing approaches face three primary challenges: (i) limited optimization of privacy protection and absence of dynamic privacy budget scheduling for resource-constrained scenarios, (ii) static incentive mechanisms that overlook individual differences in data quality and resource consumption, and (iii) inadequate strategies to ensure resilience in environments with limited resources and unstable networks. This paper introduces the Federated Learning-based Dynamic Incentive Allocation Framework (FL-DIAF) to address these issues. FL-DIAF integrates differential privacy into the federated learning paradigm deployed on edge nodes, enabling collaborative model training that safeguards individual data privacy while maintaining computational efficiency and system resilience. Additionally, the framework employs a Shapley value-based dynamic incentive allocation model to ensure equitable and transparent distribution of incentives by accurately quantifying each participant’s contribution within an elastic edge computing infrastructure. Comprehensive experimental evaluations on diverse datasets demonstrate that FL-DIAF achieves a 9.573% reduction in the objective function value under typical conditions and attains a 100% task completion rate across all tested resilient edge scenarios.
Tripartite Evolutionary Game Analysis for Manufacturing Firms, Service Providers and Consumers in Collaborative Innovation Systems
Authors: Shi Jinfa , Lu Haotian , Liu Wei
Published: January 2025

With global economic growth and intensifying market competition, Chinese manufacturing firms are under pressure to enhance product competitiveness and adapt to changing consumer demands, requiring continuous product innovation and upgrading. This study introduces a tripartite evolutionary game model involving manufacturing firms, service providers and consumers to analyze the strategic stability and the impact of various factors on decision-making within this system. The results indicate that the decisions of these actors are interdependent, with a fair distribution of innovation benefits and costs being key to stimulating innovation enthusiasm and participation. The presence of free-riding behavior affects strategic choices, and a robust system of rewards and penalties can mitigate this problem. The cost of obtaining market information also influences service providers’ participation in innovation, with high costs potentially suppressing their involvement. This research provides insights to guide collaborative innovation efforts during industrial transformation, highlighting the direct impact of service providers and consumers on the success of manufacturing upgrades.
Spatial Cluster Detection Under Dependent Random Environmental Effects
Authors: Oscar Walguen , Vaillant Jean
Published: January 2025

This paper develops a new approach for the detection of spatial clusters in the presence of random environmental effects and covariates when the observed data consist of counts over a regular grid. Such data are frequently overdispersed and spatially dependent. Overdispersion and spatial dependence must be taken into account in the modeling, otherwise the classical scan statistics method may lead to the detection of false clusters. Therefore, we consider that the observed counts are generated by a Cox process, allowing for overdispersion and spatial correlation. The environmental effects here represents unobserved covariates, as opposed to observed covariates whose observations are used via the link function in the model. These random effects are modeled by means of spatial copula with margins distributed according to a Gamma distribution. We then prove that the counts are dependent and negative binomial and propose a spatial cluster detection test based on data augmentation techniques. It is worth noting that our model also includes the case of independent effects for which the counts are independent and negative binomial. An illustration of these spatial scan techniques is provided by a Black Leaf Streak Disease (BLSD) dataset from Martinique, French West Indies. The comparison of our model with Poisson models, with or without covariates, demonstrates the importance of our approach in avoiding false clusters.
Analysis of Primary Healthcare Indicators
Authors: Saraiva Ana Leonor , Silva Cristiana J. , Cabral Jorge , Antunes José Pedro , Rama Paula , Pinheiro Sofia J. , Afreixo Vera
Published: January 2025

This study aims to analyze the relationships between various health indicators, using an exploratory graph analysis, repeated measures correlation, and cluster construction. Primary healthcare is essential for providing continuous and comprehensive care, with indicators as crucial tools to identify and improve weaknesses in health units. Data from 41 health units in Baixo Vouga, Portugal, from January 2017 to March 2024, were analyzed. Through the database, the behavior of the indicators and health units over time was identified, along with the strongest positive and negative correlations between the indicators and their graphical illustration. Finally, through clusters, the grouping of indicators and health units was achieved. Thus, this study provides healthcare professionals with important insights for the management and continuous improvement of health units.
Cross-Sectional Analysis of the Challenges Faced by Undergraduate Dental Students During Root Canal Treatment (RCT) and the Oral Health-Related Quality of Life in Patients After RCT
Authors: Mirza Mubashir Baig , Almuteb Abdullah Bajran , Alsheddi Abdulaziz Tariq , Hashem Qamar , Abuelqomsan Mohammed Ali , AlMokhatieb Ahmed , AlBader Shahad , AlShehri Abdullah
Published: January 2025

Background and Objectives: This study examined dental students’ challenges with root canal treatment (RCT). It also assessed patients’ perceptions of oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL). Materials and Methods: The study utilized three prevalidated questionnaires. One questionnaire was administered to dental students to assess their challenges related to various aspects of RCT. Another questionnaire was distributed to patients, comparing demographic factors such as age and gender to the tooth type, pain scores before and after RCT, and socioeconomic status. The third questionnaire focused on patients’ OHRQoL considering age, gender, tooth types, pain, and socioeconomic status using the Oral Health Impact Profile-14 scale (OHIP-14). A total of 75 dental students filled out the survey, and patient-related questionnaires were filled out by 585 patients with the following demographics: age: young adults n = 385 (65.81%), middle-aged adults n = 200 (34.19%); gender: males n = 366 (62.56%), and females n = 219 (37.44%). Categorical data were analyzed using frequency and percentage. Chi-square tests were used for comparative analysis, and one-way ANOVA was used when more than two variables were present. A p-value of ≤0.05 was set as statistically significant. Results: Dental students perceived themselves as competent in performing RCT but faced difficulties with canal localization in middle-aged patients (p < 0.01) and in communicating with female patients (p = 0.009). There was a significant difference in preoperative (p = 0.007) and postoperative pain levels (p = 0.003) when comparing genders. Overall, there was a 30.60% reduction in pain levels. The OHIP-14 scale indicated high patient satisfaction (78.9%), with physical disability (26.16%) and psychological discomfort (23.33%) being the most affected domains. Among different variables, socioeconomic status was statistically significant, with patients of lower socioeconomic status reporting higher satisfaction levels (p = 0.02). No significant differences in OHRQoL were found based on age or gender. Conclusions: The OHRQoL was high among patients treated by dental students, with those with a low socioeconomic status being the most satisfied.
Challenges in Diagnosis and Management of Atlantoaxial Tuberculosis: A Case Report
Authors: Chen Chiu-Chun , Li Chi-Ruei , Tsou Hsi-Kai , Kao Ting-Hsien , Lin Ruei-Hong
Published: January 2025

Background and Objectives: Atlantoaxial tuberculosis (TB) is rare, and its diagnosis is difficult. Herein, we present a rare case with a challenging diagnostic journey of atlantoaxial TB spanning over two years. Materials and Methods: A 70-year-old immunocompetent female patient presented with a four-week history of nuchal pain, stiffness, and headache. She did not have any TB-associated constitutional symptoms. The result of the initial biopsy indicated only a nonfermenting Gram-negative bacillus and the histopathological report revealed concurrent acute and chronic inflammation. Posterior fusion with bilateral C1 lateral mass and C2 transpedicular screw fixation was performed after a five-week course of antibiotics. Results: However, the atlantoaxial abscess progressed and led to myelopathy two years later. Tuberculous spondylitis was not confirmed until the second biopsy. We chose the transoral approach for prompt abscess evacuation and to prevent unnecessary damage to the nearby vital neurovascular structures. The sputum culture and chest radiograph did not reveal concurrent pulmonary TB. Conclusions: Spinal TB has a greater likelihood of presenting with a cold abscess without the typical constitutional symptoms of pulmonary TB. Distinctive magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features, such as a thin and smooth abscess wall, subligamentous spread, severe vertebral body destruction, and heterogenous vertebral wall enhancement, might help to differentiate between tuberculous and pyogenic spondylitis. We hope to offer meaningful insights to clinicians facing similar intricate scenarios, including subtle clues that may lead to a quicker diagnosis and the considerations we made while designing a treatment plan.
Dealloying of Quasi-High Entropy Alloys: Fabrication of Porous Noble Metals/Metal Oxides
Authors: Meng Ziying , Zhou Jun , Qin Chunling , Wang Zhifeng
Published: January 2025

High entropy alloys (HEAs) have been widely studied due to their special crystal structure, but their bulk structure and low specific surface area limit their further application in broader fields. In this work, the dealloying of precious metal Cu35Pd35Ni25Ag5 quasi-HEAs is performed. Porous noble metals with micro prism array structure and porous noble metal PdO/Ag2O/NiO oxides with nano “ligament/pore” structure are obtained by constant potential dealloying and free dealloying, respectively. In this way, the porosification of quasi-HEAs and noble metal oxides is achieved. Moreover, the effects of dealloying parameters on pore morphology and phase structure of dealloyed materials are studied, and the evolution mechanisms of pore structures of different dealloying products are discussed. The work provides strategies for the preparation of porous precious metal quasi-HEAs and porous noble metal oxides by the dealloying method. These products present great potential for application as functional materials in hot fields such as catalysis and energy storage.
Exploring the Effect of Ti on Mechanical and Tribological Properties of an AlCrFe2Ni2Tix High-Entropy Alloy
Authors: Shi Yajuan , Guo Yudong , Wang Yi
Published: January 2025

Low friction and wear constitute a challenge for metallic materials under dry sliding conditions. In the current study, we successfully prepared an AlCrFe2Ni2Tix (x = 0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1.0) high-entropy alloy (HEA) consisting of a body-centered cubic (BCC) phase and an AlNi2Ti phase that exhibited an outstanding combination of a compression strength of above 3 GPa and a ductility degree of 26% at room temperature. Under a 20 N load, the dry friction tests showed that AlCrFe2Ni2Ti0.4 HEA had the lowest wear volume (1.498 mm3), with a coefficient of friction of 0.3929. It is related to the volume fraction of AlNi2Ti precipitate increasing with increasing Ti content, thus resulting in better wear resistance. Through the strengthening mechanism analysis, it is crucial to manipulate the composition of the AlNi2Ti precipitate to obtain desirable mechanical properties in the AlCrFe2Ni2Tix HEA. The main mechanism of wear friction is identified as adhesion wear. Therefore, the addition of Ti into AlCrFe2Ni2 HEA can effectively improve its mechanical and wear resistance due to the significant improvement in hardness and its inherent solution strengthening. Our study provides a new strategy for designing new BCC HEAs with a combination of high hardness, yield strength, and excellent wear.
Microstructure Evolution of Cold-Rolled Carbide-Free Bainite Steel Sheets During Continuous Annealing Process
Authors: Mobedpour Bahareh , Fazeli Fateh , Zurob Hatem
Published: January 2025

A modified carbide-free bainite (CFB) steel has been developed, building on existing alloys for compatibility with commercial continuous annealing lines (CALs), featuring a low austenitization temperature and short overaging time. The microstructural features of such candidate CFB sheets are compared with those of conventional CFB steel sheets that require higher reheating temperatures and longer overaging times. The effects of annealing parameters such as reheating temperatures and overaging temperatures on phase transformation kinetics and microstructure evolution are presented. The annealing process was simulated in a Gleeble thermomechanical processing simulator, and the microstructural characterization was carried out using XRD, SEM, and EBSD. Reconstruction of parent austenite grains from EBSD data did not reveal any variant selection, regardless of changes in the austenitization temperature, overaging temperature, or carbon content. It was observed that the V1–V2 variant pairing is the most common at the lower overaging temperature for reheating at 950 °C; however, this pairing decreases as the isothermal overaging temperature increases, with variant pairings involving low misorientation boundaries—such as V1–V4 and V1–V8—becoming more frequent. Steels with higher carbon content exhibit no significant changes in their variant pairing, regardless of variations in the austenitizing or isothermal temperatures. The XRD results show that the retained austenite fraction is reduced by increasing the isothermal transformation temperature.
Multiscale Simulation of the Impact of Defects on Elevated-Metal Metal-Oxide IGZO TFTs
Authors: Sun Chuanxue , Dou Xiaoyu , Du Zhichao , Dong Haitao , Li Xiaopeng , Sang Pengpeng , Zhan Xuepeng , Mo Fei , Wu Jixuan , Chen Jiezhi
Published: January 2025

This study explores the impact of oxygen vacancy defects on elevated-metal metal-oxide (EMMO) IGZO TFTs under positive bias stress (PBS) using TCAD and DFT simulation. Findings reveal that oxygen vacancies accumulating at the channel/passivation layer interface and within the channel under PBS lead to negative threshold voltage shifts and reduced mobility. Additionally, higher tail state densities contribute to a positive Vth shift. These results provide important insights into the defect-related reliability of EMMO IGZO TFTs, guiding the design of more reliable devices.
Current–Pressure Dynamics Modeling on an Annular Magnetorheological Valve for an Adaptive Rehabilitation Device for Disabled Individuals
Authors: Imaduddin Fitrian , Arifin Zaenal , Ubaidillah  , Mahmoud Essam Rabea Ibrahim , Aljabri Abdulrahman
Published: January 2025

The dynamic relationship between current and pressure in magnetorheological (MR) valves is essential for the design of adaptive rehabilitation devices aimed at health rehabilitation for disabled individuals, yet it remains under-explored in existing modeling approaches. Accurately capturing this relationship is vital to predict the pressure drop response to current variations, facilitating the development of effective control systems in such rehabilitation applications. This study employs a linear black-box modeling approach to characterize the current–pressure dynamics of an annular MR valve. Experimental data are used to develop a set of transfer function models, with parameters identified through MATLAB’s system identification tools, utilizing invariant variable regression and the Levenberg–Marquardt (LM) iteration. The modeling yielded a 14th-order transfer function, labeled TF14, which closely aligns with experimental data, achieving a root mean square error of 12.64%. These findings contribute valuable insights into the current–pressure dynamics of MR valves and establish a foundational model for adaptive rehabilitation devices designed for individuals with disabilities.
Exploring Competitive Relationship Between Haemophilus parainfluenzae and Mitis Streptococci via Co-Culture-Based Molecular Diagnosis and Metabolomic Assay
Authors: Choi Yeseul , Jeong Jinuk , Han Youngjong , Han Miyang , Yu Byungsun , Han Kyudong
Published: January 2025

Various bacterial strains with nitrate-reducing capacity (NRC), such as Haemophilus, Actinomyces, and Neisseria, are known to promote NH3 production, control pH in the oral cavity, and inhibit the growth of aciduric bacteria. However, experimental evidence on various estimated bacterial networks within the salivary microbiome is insufficient. This study aims to explore potential bacterial compositional competition observed within saliva samples from dental caries patients through a co-culture assay of mitis Streptococci, which is a primary colonizer in the salivary microbiome, and nitrate-reducing bacteria Haemophilus parainfluenzae. We investigated bacterial growth efficiency change by co-culture time using the qRT-PCR method. In addition, we applied LC/Q-TOF-based metabolites screening to confirm metabolic interactions between oral bacterial species and their association with dental caries from a metabolomics perspective. As a result, we first found that the nitrate reduction ability of H. parainfluenzae is maintained even in a co-culture environment with the mitis Streptococci group through a nitrate reduction test. However, nitrate reduction efficiency was hindered when compared with monoculture-based nitrate reduction test results. Next, we designed species-specific primers, and we confirmed by qRT-PCR that there is an obvious competitive relationship in growth efficiency between H. parainfluenzae and two mitis Streptococci (S. australis and S. sanguinis). Furthermore, although direct effects of nitrate reduction on competition have not been identified, we have potentially confirmed through LC/Q-TOF-based metabolite screening analysis that the interaction of various metabolic compounds synthesized from mitis Streptococci is driving inter-strain competition. In particular, we constructed a basic reference core-metabolites list to understand the metabolic network between each target bacterial species (H. parainfluenzae and mitis Streptococci) within the salivary microbiome, which still lacks accumulated research data. Ultimately, we suggest that our data have potential value to be referenced in further metagenomics and metabolomics-based studies related to oral health care.
The Geochemical Characteristics of Zircon and K-Feldspar Grains from the Lower Yellow and Yangtze Rivers: Implications for Provenance Tracing Studies in the Western Pacific Ocean
Authors: Tian Shumei , Guan Kaige , Lin Xu , Liu Haijin , Zhang Yang
Published: January 2025

The Yellow River (~5464 km) and the Yangtze River (~6300 km) are large rivers that originate from the Tibetan Plateau and flow into the western Pacific Ocean. The shelf seas of the western Pacific Ocean (e.g., Bohai, Yellow, and East China seas) serve as critical sites for investigating the evolution of these rivers. Distinguishing the material signals of the Yellow River from those of the Yangtze River is an essential step in this research. Therefore, we analyzed published zircon U-Pb ages (n = 1568 for the Yellow River and n = 1216 for the Yangtze River) and K-feldspar Pb isotopes (n = 380 for the Yellow River and n = 158 for the Yangtze River) from the middle and lower reaches of both rivers. The results indicate that the detrital material in the lower reaches of the Yellow River is primarily influenced by the western North China Craton and the Qinling Mountains, whereas the detrital material in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River mainly derives from the South China Block. The Qinling Mountains influence the material composition of the lower Yellow River, primarily due to the formation of overhanging rivers along the river’s course. These geological features inhibit the inflow of materials from the eastern North China Craton, thereby preventing the mixing from the Qinling Mountains. In contrast, the influence of the Qinling Mountains on the material composition of the lower Yangtze River is minimal. This limited impact is attributed to the influx of materials from the South China Block, which dilutes the contributions from the Qinling Mountains. Notably, substantial discrepancies exist in the U-Pb ages and Pb isotopic compositions of detrital zircons and K-feldspar from the lower Yellow River compared to those from the lower Yangtze River and the surrounding geological units. These disparities provide a robust foundation for investigating large river provenance tracing in the western Pacific Ocean shelf sea through the integration of these two analytical methods. However, the U-Pb age distributions of detrital zircons in the lower Yellow River have changed significantly over geological time. The U-Pb age data for detrital zircons collected from the eastern Sanmen Gorge of the middle Yellow River should be utilized to examine river evolution prior to the Quaternary period. Conversely, the U-Pb data from detrital zircons in the lower Yellow and the Yiluo rivers should be considered when discussing Quaternary river evolution. The zircon U-Pb age characteristics of the lower Yangtze River can be directly employed to analyze the evolution of large rivers in the western Pacific Ocean shelf sea during the Neogene.
The Formation of Cavansite and Pentagonite in the Wagholi Quarries, Pune, India
Authors: Ottens Berthold , Duraiswami Raymond A. , Krenn Kurt
Published: January 2025

Formation conditions of dimorphic minerals cavansite and pentagonite were previously based on theoretical assumptions. In doing so, the associations with other minerals, especially zeolites, that actually occur in nature, were disregarded or incorrectly taken into account. As a result, formation conditions were assumed that are not consistent with those for the associated minerals in the Deccan Volcanic Province. This relates in particular to overestimated high pressure and temperature values, as well as chronological processes of alteration. Long-term field studies and evaluations of numerous samples led to the conclusion that cavansite and pentagonite formed under temperature (approx. 120 °C to 200 °C) and pressure (0.01–0.03 GPa) conditions that are relevant for the associated low-temperature zeolites. Integration of geological and petrographic conditions, as well as crystallization sequences enabled the presentation of a multi-stage mineralization model. It is also explained that, contrary to the original assumption, characteristic pentagonite fivelings are not formed from five, but from six individuals.
Consistency and Rheological Properties of Cemented Paste Backfills Prepared with Tailings with Varying Free Muscovite Content
Authors: Menasria Hadj Ghani , Mbonimpa Mamert , Belem Tikou , Maqsoud Abdelkabir
Published: January 2025

The presence of free muscovite in tailings can negatively affect the mechanical strength and rheological properties of cemented paste backfill, as has been observed for several cementitious materials. The aim of this study is to evaluate the influence of free muscovite content in tailings on the consistency and rheology of cemented paste backfill. For this purpose, cemented paste backfill mixtures were prepared from two different tailings. The mixtures were prepared at solids contents between 70% and 74% and with the addition of 5% GU (general use Portland cement)/slag binder. In addition, the influence of muscovite was studied by varying the muscovite content of the tailings from about 14% to 25%. Abrams cone slump tests and rheological analyses were carried out for each recipe. The results show a decrease in slump height and an increase in yield stress, Herschel–Bulkley flow index, and infinite shear rate Cross viscosity with increasing muscovite content for a given solids content. Therefore, water should be added to maintain the required flowability of cemented paste backfill, which increases the water/binder ratio and may affect the mechanical strength. A method is presented for determining the amount of binder to be incorporated to maintain the water/binder ratio of the original cemented paste backfill recipe.
Marchantia polymorpha as a Source of Biologically Active Compounds
Authors: Nowaczyński Filip , Nicoletti Rosario , Zimowska Beata , Ludwiczuk Agnieszka
Published: January 2025

Marchantia polymorpha L., also known as common liverwort or umbrella liverwort, is a spore-forming plant belonging to the Marchantiaceae family. This thallose liverwort has gained importance as a model plant, mainly because of its global distribution and easy and rapid in vitro culturing. A review of the literature shows that the major compounds in this species are undoubtedly sesquiterpenoids and bisbibenzyls. Among the sesquiterpenoids, it is worth mentioning cuparenes, chamigranes, and thujopsanes. Compounds belonging to these classes were found in specimens from Japan, China, Poland, Germany, and India and could be the chemical markers of this liverwort species. The key secondary metabolite of M. polymorpha is a macrocyclic bisbibenzyl, marchantin A. Marchantin-type aromatic compounds, together with other bisbibenzyls, such as riccardin D, isoriccardin C, or perrottetin E, demonstrated antifungal and antibacterial properties in various studies. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on the diversity of compounds produced by M. polymorpha, emphasizing chemical variability depending on the origin of the plant material. Moreover, the biological activity of extracts obtained from this liverwort species, as well as single secondary metabolites, are described.
WO3−x/WS2 Nanocomposites for Fast-Response Room Temperature Gas Sensing
Authors: Nalimova Svetlana S. , Shomakhov Zamir V. , Zyryanova Oksana D. , Kondratev Valeriy M. , Bui Cong Doan , Gurin Sergey A. , Moshnikov Vyacheslav A. , Zhilenkov Anton A.
Published: January 2025

Currently, semiconductor gas sensors are being actively studied and used in various fields, including ecology, industry, and medical diagnostics. One of the major challenges is to reduce their operating temperature to room temperature. To address this issue, sensor layers based on WO3−x/WS2 nanostructures synthesized by the hydrothermal method have been proposed. In this paper, the morphology of the material’s surface and its elemental composition were investigated, as well as the optical band gap. Additionally, changes in the resistance of the WO3−x/WS2 sensor layers under the influence of alcohol vapors at room temperature were analyzed. The results showed that the layers exhibited a significant response, with short response and recovery times. The achieved response value to 1000 ppm of isopropanol was 1.25, with a response time of 13 s and a recovery time of 12 s. The response to 1000 ppm of ethanol was 1.35, and the response and recovery times were 20 s. This indicates that these sensor layers have promising potential for various applications.
Enhanced Extraction of Polyphenols, Physicochemical Properties, and Microbial Control in Vitis vinifera L. Juice Using Ultrasound-Assisted Maceration
Authors: Błaszak Magdalena , Lachowicz-Wiśniewska Sabina , Kapusta Ireneusz , Szewczuk Małgorzata , Ochmian Ireneusz
Published: January 2025

Polyphenols are essential bioactive compounds that contribute to the nutritional and sensory properties of grape juice and wine. This study investigates the impact of ultrasound-assisted maceration (UAM) compared to traditional maceration (TM) techniques, under both warm and cold conditions, on the polyphenol content, physicochemical properties, and microbial counts of juice from Vitis vinifera L. Ultrasound-assisted maceration significantly enhanced the extraction of polyphenols, including anthocyanins, flavonols, flavan-3-ols, and stilbenes, within a shorter processing time. The total polyphenol content increased up to 689.3 mg/L under UAM, while TM required extended maceration periods to achieve comparable results. In addition to polyphenol enrichment, UAM resulted in improved physicochemical properties, including higher extract content (% Brix) and increased turbidity (NTU), with minimal impact on pH and acidity levels. Microbial counts in juice remained low under UAM, indicating that this method may also have antimicrobial benefits due to the cavitation effects of ultrasound. Conversely, TM under warm conditions led to a reduction in extract content and nitrogen availability due to fermentation processes initiated during prolonged maceration. The findings highlight that UAM is a highly efficient technique for enhancing the polyphenol profile of grape juice while preserving key physicochemical parameters and microbial decontamination. This study provides valuable insights for the beverage industry, suggesting that UAM can be a sustainable and time-efficient alternative to traditional maceration methods for producing high-quality grape-based beverages.
Studies of the Synthesis of Fused Isoxazoline/Isoquinolinones and Evaluation of the Antifungal Activity of Isoxazole-like Benzamide and Isoquinolinone Hybrids
Authors: Ouzounthanasis Konstantinos A. , Glamočlija Jasmina , Ćirić Ana , Koumbis Alexandros E.
Published: January 2025

Isoxazole derivatives (isoxazoles, isoxazolines, and isoxazolidines) are present in the structure of several natural products and/or pharmaceutically interesting compounds. In this work, a synthetic study for the preparation of fused isoxazoline/isoquinolinone hybrids is presented. The initial approach involving the sequential 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of nitrile oxides to indenone (to obtain the isoxazoline ring) and a Beckmann rearrangement (to construct the isoquinolinone lactam system) was complicated by the formation of fragmentation products during the latter. Therefore, the desired hybrids were successfully reached by applying DDQ-mediated oxidation of the respective isoxazolidines. Based on the results, key observations were made regarding the mechanism of the Beckmann reaction. Moreover, selected isoxazole benzamides and fused isoxazoline/isoxazolidine isoquinolinones were in vitro evaluated against a series of fungi strains (including a 2D checkerboard assay with ketoconazole), revealing that some of these compounds exhibit promising antifungal activity.
Comparison of Commercially Available Thermostable DNA Polymerases with Reverse Transcriptase Activity in Coupled Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction Assays
Authors: Smirnova Evgeniya V. , Blagodatskikh Konstantin A. , Barsova Ekaterina V. , Varlamov Dmitriy A. , Kramarov Vladimir M. , Ignatov Konstantin B.
Published: January 2025

Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) is an important tool for the detection of target RNA molecules and the assay of RNA pathogens. Coupled RT-PCR is performed with an enzyme mixture containing a reverse transcriptase and a thermostable DNA polymerase. To date, several biotechnological companies offer artificial thermostable DNA polymerases with a built-in reverse transcriptase activity for use in the coupled RT-PCR instead of the enzyme mixtures. Here, we compared the artificial DNA polymerases and conventional enzyme mixtures for the RT-PCR by performing end-point and real-time RT-PCR assays using severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2) RNA and endogenous mRNA molecules as templates. We found that the artificial enzymes were suitable for different RT-PCR applications, including SARS-CoV2 RNA detection but not for long-fragment RT-PCR amplification.
Charge-Ordering and Magnetic Transitions in Nanocrystalline Half-Doped Rare Earth Manganite Ho0.5Ca0.5MnO3
Authors: Muscas Giuseppe , Congiu Francesco , Geddo Lehmann Alessandra , Concas Giorgio
Published: January 2025

This work investigates nanostructured Ho0.5Ca0.5MnO3, considered a model system of the Ln0.5Ca0.5MnO3 series of manganites with perovskite structures featuring small lanthanide (Ln) ions half-substituted by Ca ions. Here, we propose a modified hybrid sol–gel–solid-state approach to produce multiple samples with a single batch, obtaining very high crystalline quality and ensuring the same chemical composition, with an average particle size in the range 39–135 nm modulated on-demand by a controlled calcination process. Our findings evidence that, provided the crystalline structure is preserved, the charge-ordering transition can be observed even at the nanoscale. Additionally, this research explores the presence of glassy phenomena, which are commonly seen in this class of materials, to enhance our understanding beyond simplistic qualitative observations. Comprehensive characterization using DC and AC magnetometry, along with relaxation and aging measurements, reveals that the complex dynamics typical of glassy phenomena emerge only at the nanoscale and are not visible in the bulk counterpart. Nevertheless, the analysis confirms that even the sample with the smallest nanoparticles cannot be intrinsically classified as canonical spin glass.
Correlates of Inaccuracy in Reporting of Energy Intake Among Persons with Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Silveira Stephanie L. , Jeng Brenda , Gower Barbara A. , Cutter Gary R. , Motl Robert W.
Published: January 2025

Background/Objectives: Persons with multiple sclerosis (MS) are interested in diet as a second-line approach for disease management. This study examined potential variables that correlate with inaccuracy of self-reported energy intake (EI) in adults with MS. Methods: Twenty-eight participants completed two assessment appointments within a 14-day period that included a standard doubly labeled water (DLW) protocol for estimating total energy expenditure (TEE). The participants reported their EI using the Automated Self-Administered 24 h (ASA24) Dietary Assessment Tool. The primary variables of interest for explaining the discrepancy between TEE and ASA24 EI (i.e., inaccuracy) included cognition (processing speed, visuospatial memory, and verbal memory), hydration status (total body water), and device-measured physical activity. Pearson’s correlations assessed the association between absolute and percent inaccuracy in reporting of EI with outcomes of interest, followed by linear regression analyses for identifying independent correlates. Results: California Verbal Learning Test—Second Edition (CVLT-II) z-scores and light physical activity (LPA) were significantly associated with mean absolute difference in EI (r = –0.53 and r = 0.46, respectively). CVLT-II z-scores and LPA were the only variables significantly associated with mean percent difference in EI (r = –0.48 and r = 0.42, respectively). The regression analyses indicated that both CVLT-II and LPA significantly explained variance in mean absolute difference in EI, and only CVLT-II explained variance for percent difference in EI. Conclusions: The results from this study indicate that verbal learning and memory and LPA are associated with inaccuracy of self-reported EI in adults with MS. This may guide timely research identifying appropriate protocols for assessment of diet in MS.
Enhancing Gut Microbiome and Metabolic Health in Mice Through Administration of Presumptive Probiotic Strain Lactiplantibacillus pentosus PE11
Authors: Farmakioti Ioanna , Stylianopoulou Electra , Siskos Nikistratos , Karagianni Evangelia , Kandylas Dionysios , Vasileiou Andreas Rafail , Fragkiskatou Fragkiski , Somalou Paraskevi , Tsaroucha Alexandra , Ypsilantis Petros , Panas Panayiotis , Kourkoutas Yiannis , Skavdis George , Grigoriou Maria E.
Published: January 2025

Background: Over the past decade, probiotics have gained increasing recognition for their health benefits to the host. While most research has focused on the therapeutic effects of probiotics in the treatment of various diseases, recent years have seen a shift towards exploring their role in enhancing and supporting overall health. Methods: In this work, we have studied the effects of a novel potential probiotic strain, Lactiplantibacillus pentosus PE11, in healthy mice following a six-week dietary intervention. The assessment included monitoring the general health of the animals, biochemical analyses, profiling of the gut and fecal microbial communities, and gene expression analysis. Results: Our results showed that the administration of Lactiplantibacillus pentosus PE11 led to changes in the composition of the fecal microbiome, specifically an increase in the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio and in the relative abundance of the Lachnospiraceae, Ruminococcaceae, and Rikenellaceae families. Reduced Tnf expression and elevated Zo1 expression were also observed in the cecum, pointing to anti-inflammatory properties and improved intestinal barrier integrity. Additionally, a significant reduction in triglycerides and alanine aminotransferase levels—within physiological ranges—was observed, along with a trend toward decreased total cholesterol levels. Conclusions: These findings suggest that in healthy mice, Lactiplantibacillus pentosus PE11 has the potential to positively influence gut microbiome structure and metabolism, thereby supporting improved overall health.
Minerals and Human Health: From Deficiency to Toxicity
Authors: Razzaque Mohammed S. , Wimalawansa Sunil J.
Published: January 2025

Minerals are essential nutrients that play critical roles in human health by regulating various physiological functions. Examples include bone development, enzyme function, nerve signaling, and the immune response. Both the deficiencies and toxicities of minerals can have significant health implications. Deficiencies in macrominerals such as calcium, magnesium, and phosphate can lead to osteoporosis (associated with falls and fractures), cardiovascular events, and neuromuscular dysfunction. Trace mineral deficiencies, such as iron and zinc. Selenium deficiency impairs oxygen transport, immune function, and antioxidant defenses, contributing to anemia, delaying wound healing, and increasing susceptibility to infectious diseases. Conversely, excessive intake of minerals can have severe health consequences. Hypercalcemia can cause kidney stones and cardiac arrhythmias as well as soft-tissue calcification, whereas excessive iron deposition can lead to oxidative stress and organ/tissue damage. Maintaining adequate mineral levels through a balanced diet, guided supplementation, and monitoring at-risk populations is essential for good health and preventing disorders related to deficiencies and toxicities. Public health interventions and education about dietary sources of minerals are critical for minimizing health risks and ensuring optimal well-being across populations. While a comprehensive analysis of all macro and micronutrients is beyond the scope of this article, we have chosen to focus on calcium, magnesium, and phosphate. We summarize the consequences of deficiency and the adverse events associated with the overconsumption of other minerals.
Lifestyle Factors and the Microbiome in Urolithiasis: A Narrative Review
Authors: Koudonas Antonios , Tsiakaras Stavros , Tzikoulis Vasileios , Papaioannou Maria , de la Rosette Jean , Anastasiadis Anastasios , Dimitriadis Georgios
Published: January 2025

Urolithiasis represents one of the most common urologic diseases, and its incidence demonstrates, globally, an increasing trend. The application of preventive measures is an established strategy to reduce urolithiasis-related morbidity, and it is based mostly on the adaptation of lifestyle factors and pharmacotherapy. Furthermore, other research areas demonstrate promising results, such as the research on the microbiome. In the current review, we searched for the latest data on lifestyle–based prevention and microbiome alterations in urolithiasis patients. The majority of the proposed lifestyle measures are already included in the urological guidelines, while additional factors, such as vitamin D supplementation, seem to have a putative positive effect. From the microbiome studies, several microbial composition patterns and metabolic pathways demonstrated an inhibiting or promoting role in lithogenesis. Up to the present, stone prevention has not shown satisfying results, which suggests that lifestyle measures are not adequate. Moreover, microbiome studies are prone to bias, since microbes are strongly affected by numerous clinical factors, while the analysis procedures are not standardized yet. Analysis standardization and data pooling from extensive registration of clinical and microbiome data are essential steps in order to improve the existing prevention strategy with targeted microbiome manipulations.
Prevalence of T. rubrum and T. interdigitale Exhibiting High MICs to Terbinafine in Clinical Samples Analyzed in the Portuguese Mycology Reference Laboratory
Authors: Schirmer Helena , Henriques Camila , Simões Helena , Veríssimo Cristina , Sabino Raquel
Published: January 2025

Cutaneous fungal infections represent a significant burden worldwide with a high impact on public health. Accurate identification of dermatophyte species causing these infections is vital for an appropriate treatment. Terbinafine is the primary agent against Trichophyton species due to its clinical efficacy; however, cases of elevated minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) have been reported, raising clinical and epidemiological concerns. Herein, we aimed to detect Trichophyton rubrum and Trichophyton interdigitale isolates collected from clinical samples with terbinafine-high MICs (TRB-hMIC). A total of 168 isolates, recovered from 2017 to 2023, were identified as T. rubrum complex (140/83.4%) or T. interdigitale (28/16.7%) and further screened regarding their terbinafine susceptibility. Four isolates with capacity to grow in terbinafine media were detected by screening, and these and a further sixteen random isolates were submitted to the broth microdilution method. This methodology confirmed the four (2.4%) isolates as TRB-hMIC. One T. rubrum and three T. interdigitale showed a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) higher than 1 mg/L. Partial sequencing of the SQLE gene identified point mutations in T. rubrum (Phe397Iso) and in one T. interdigitale (Phe397Leu) isolate. Notably, in the other two T. interdigitale isolates with TRB-hMIC, no point mutations in the SQLE gene were identified. In conclusion, TRB-hMIC isolates (T. rubrum and T. interdigitale) were identified in clinical samples analyzed in Portugal, as antifungal susceptibility testing is a crucial routine for identifying treatment failures and also for epidemiological purposes aiming to monitor the dynamics of terbinafine resistance.