bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impact of environmental constraints in hydrothermal energy planning
Authors: Bueno Luis Felipe , Diniz Andre Luiz , Durbano Lobato Rafael , Sagastizábal Claudia , Vinente Kenny
Published: September 2023

In partnership with CCEE and CEPEL, in 2023 the study group “Energy planning and environmental constraints” focused on the impact that prioritizing multiple uses of water has on the the electric energy production systems, specially in predominantly hydro systems, which is the case of Brazil. To deal with environmental constraints in the long-term hydrothermal generation planning problem, the resulting large-scale multi-stage linear programming problem was modelled in JuMP and solved by stochastic dual dynamic programming. To assess if the development represented well the behavior of the Brazilian power system, the Julia formulation first was benchmarked with Brazil’s official model, Newave. Environmental constraints were introduced in this problem by two different approaches, one that represents the multiple uses of water by means of 0-1 variables, and another one that makes piecewise linear approximations of the relevant constraints. Numerical results show that penalties of slack variables strongly affect the obtained water values.
The origin of eukaryotes and rise in complexity were synchronous with the rise in oxygen
Authors: Craig Jack M. , Kumar Sudhir , Hedges S. Blair
Published: September 2023

The origin of eukaryotes was among the most important events in the history of life, spawning a new evolutionary lineage that led to all complex multicellular organisms. However, the timing of this event, crucial for understanding its environmental context, has been difficult to establish. The fossil and biomarker records are sparse and molecular clocks have thus far not reached a consensus, with dates spanning 2.1–0.91 billion years ago (Ga) for critical nodes. Notably, molecular time estimates for the last common ancestor of eukaryotes are typically hundreds of millions of years younger than the Great Oxidation Event (GOE, 2.43–2.22 Ga), leading researchers to question the presumptive link between eukaryotes and oxygen. We obtained a new time estimate for the origin of eukaryotes using genetic data of both archaeal and bacterial origin, the latter rarely used in past studies. We also avoided potential calibration biases that may have affected earlier studies. We obtained a conservative interval of 2.2–1.5 Ga, with an even narrower core interval of 2.0–1.8 Ga, for the origin of eukaryotes, a period closely aligned with the rise in oxygen. We further reconstructed the history of biological complexity across the tree of life using three universal measures: cell types, genes, and genome size. We found that the rise in complexity was temporally consistent with and followed a pattern similar to the rise in oxygen. This suggests a causal relationship stemming from the increased energy needs of complex life fulfilled by oxygen.
Non-coding RNAs are key players and promising therapeutic targets in atherosclerosis
Authors: Yu Zhun , Yin JinZhu , Tang ZhiTong , Hu Ting , Wang ZhuoEr , Chen Ying , Liu Tianjia , Zhang Wei
Published: September 2023

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the primary cause of death in humans. Atherosclerosis (AS) is the most common CVD and a major cause of many CVD-related fatalities. AS has numerous risk factors and complex pathogenesis, and while it has long been a research focus, most mechanisms underlying its progression remain unknown. Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) represent an important focus in epigenetics studies and are critical biological regulators that form a complex network of gene regulation. Abnormal ncRNA expression disrupts the normal function of tissues or cells, leading to disease development. A large body of evidence suggests that ncRNAs are involved in all stages of atherosclerosis, from initiation to progression, and that some are significantly differentially expressed during AS development, suggesting that they may be powerful markers for screening AS or potential treatment targets. Here, we review the role of ncRNAs in AS development and recent developments in the use of ncRNAs for AS-targeted therapy, providing evidence for ncRNAs as diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets.
Vertically ordered mesoporous silica film-assisted electrochemical cytosensor for the sensitive detection of HeLa cells
Authors: Zeng Zisan , Zhao Yang , Yang Luoxing , Xi Fengna , Su Danke
Published: September 2023

Designing fast and simple quantitative methods on cheap and disposable electrodes for the early detection of HeLa cells is highly desirable for clinical diagnostics and public health. In this work, we developed a label-free and sensitive electrochemical cytosensor for HeLa cell detection based on the gated molecular transport across vertically ordered mesoporous silica films (VMSFs) on the disposable indium tin oxide (ITO) electrode. As high affinity for a folate receptor existed on the membrane of HeLa cancer cells, folic acid (FA) functionalized VMSF could regulate the transport of electrochemical probe (Fe(CN)63−) by the specific recognition and adhesion of HeLa cells toward the VMSF surface. In addition, VMSF, served as a solid skeleton, is able to effectively prevent the direct contact of cells with the underlying electrode, remaining the underlying electrode activity and favoring the diffusion of Fe(CN)63−. Once specific adhesion of HeLa cells to the VMSF surface happens, Fe(CN)63− redox probe exhibits impeded transport in the silica nanochannels, ultimately resulting in the decreased electrochemical responses and realizing the quantitative determination of HeLa cells with a broad linear range (101–105 cells/mL) and a low limit of detection (4 cells/mL). The proposed electrochemical cytosensor shows a great potential application for the early diagnosis of cervical cancer.
Nucleophilic C4-selective (hetero) arylation of pyridines for facile synthesis of heterobiaryls
Authors: Kim Kewon , You Euna , Hong Sungwoo
Published: September 2023

The synthesis of heterobiaryl compounds holds significant value in organic chemistry due to their extensive range of applications. Herein, we report a highly efficient strategy for conducting C4-selective (hetero) arylation of pyridines using N-aminopyridinium salts. The reaction proceeds readily at room temperature in the presence of a base, thus eliminating the requirement for catalysts or oxidants. This method allows for the installation of various electron-rich (hetero) aryl groups on pyridines, resulting in the streamlined synthesis of highly valuable C4-(hetero) aryl pyridine derivatives, which are otherwise challenging to acquire via conventional methods. This simple and straightforward method will facilitate access to a range of heterobiaryl compounds thereby promoting their application in various scientific disciplines.
La-based perovskites for capacity enhancement of Li–O2 batteries
Authors: Hsu Bing-Ze , Lai Jun-Kai , Lee Yi-Hsuan
Published: September 2023

Li–O2 batteries are a promising technology for the upcoming energy storage requirements because of their high theoretical specific energy density of 11,680 Wh kg−1. Currently, the actual capacity of Li–O2 batteries is much lower than this theoretical value. In many studies, perovskites have been applied as catalysts to improve the air electrode reactions in Li–O2 batteries. The effects of structure and doping on the catalytic activity of perovskites are still unclear. La1-xSrxCoO3-δ (x = 0.1, 0.3, and 0.5) and La0.9Sr0.1YbO3-δ mixed with carbon black (Vulcan XC500 or Super P) were used as air electrode catalysts. Electrochemical characterizations were conducted using a Swagelok-type cell. The charge–discharge capacity and cyclic voltammetry (CV) performance were investigated in this study. The La1-xSrxCoO3-δ (x = 0.1, 0.3, and 0.5) is a suitable cathode catalyst for Li–O2 batteries. In this study, the La0.5Sr0.5CoO3-δ/Super P cathode demonstrated the highest discharge capacity (6,032 mAh g−1). This excellent performance was attributed to the large reaction area and enhanced Li2CO3 generation.
Effects of non-coding RNAs and RNA-binding proteins on mitochondrial dysfunction in diabetic cardiomyopathy
Authors: Potel Koray N. , Cornelius Victoria A. , Yacoub Andrew , Chokr Ali , Donaghy Clare L. , Kelaini Sophia , Eleftheriadou Magdalini , Margariti Andriana
Published: September 2023

Vascular complications are the main cause of diabetes mellitus-associated morbidity and mortality. Oxidative stress and metabolic dysfunction underly injury to the vascular endothelium and myocardium, resulting in diabetic angiopathy and cardiomyopathy. Mitochondrial dysfunction has been shown to play an important role in cardiomyopathic disruptions of key cellular functions, including energy metabolism and oxidative balance. Both non-coding RNAs and RNA-binding proteins are implicated in diabetic cardiomyopathy, however, their impact on mitochondrial dysfunction in the context of this disease is largely unknown. Elucidating the effects of non-coding RNAs and RNA-binding proteins on mitochondrial pathways in diabetic cardiomyopathy would allow further insights into the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying diabetic vascular complications and could facilitate the development of new therapeutic strategies. Stem cell-based models can facilitate the study of non-coding RNAs and RNA-binding proteins and their unique characteristics make them a promising tool to improve our understanding of mitochondrial dysfunction and vascular complications in diabetes.
Review OSINT tool for social engineering
Authors: Nobili Martina
Published: September 2023

In recent years, we observed an increase in cyber threats, especially social engineering attacks. By social engineering, we mean a set of techniques and tools to collect information about a person or target to extort sensitive information. Such information might be used for (industrial) espionage, to blackmail the user, or represent the starting point to perform malicious cyber attacks against the individual or, more often, against the organization they work for. The human factor is often the most vulnerable element in the security of any system, and the mass of information we disseminate online largely facilitates social engineering activities. To prevent and mitigate social engineering attacks, Open Source INTelligence (OSINT) techniques and tools can be used to evaluate the level of exposition of an individual or an organization. OSINT is the collection of information through open sources, that is, sources not protected by copyright or privacy. The article reviews the main OSINT tools for countering and preventing social engineering attacks. Specifically, it proposes the different tools diving them accordingly to the specific information they allow to track (e-mail, social profiles, phone numbers, etc.).
Production simulation and prediction of fractured horizontal well with complex fracture network in shale gas reservoir based on unstructured grid
Authors: Xiao Hongsha , Chen Man , Jing Cui , Zhao Huiyan , Wang Keren
Published: September 2023

In order to accurately simulate the productivity variation characteristics of fractured wells with complex fracture network in shale gas reservoir, based on the multiple migration mechanism of shale gas, the micro-seismic data and discrete fracture model were used to characterize the fracture geometry and complex boundary characteristics, and the comprehensive seepage mathematical model of fractured wells with complex fracture network was established based on the dual porosity-discrete fracture model, and the numerical solution was carried out by combining the unstructured grid and the control volume finite element method. The sensitivity analysis of the influence of key parameters such as fracture conductivity, physical property difference in composite area and Langmuir volume on the production performance of fractured horizontal wells is carried out. This study provides theoretical methods and calculation tools for accurate prediction of productivity change and optimization of production system of fractured horizontal wells with complex fracture network in shale gas reservoirs.
A review of prediction models of total carbon emission for civil buildings in China
Authors: Yin Wenlong , Zhang Wenjie , Gong Tongdan , Li Xiaoming , Liu Kangyong
Published: September 2023

The carbon emissions from the building sector are one of the major sources of carbon emissions globally. In order to address global climate change, the Chinese government has proposed the 3,060 dual carbon goals. In this context, the government urgently needs a predictive model for calculating and forecasting the energy consumption and carbon emissions in the construction industry to help formulate decarbonization strategies. The review and analysis of a predictive model for the current total carbon dioxide emissions in the Chinese construction sector can provide a basis for calculating and predicting carbon emissions, as well as for formulating corresponding emission reduction policies. This article analyzes the Carbon emission factor and the methods of obtaining building energy consumption data, which are crucial for predicting carbon emissions. Furthermore, it examines the predictive models for total CO2 emissions in the Chinese construction sector and summarizes their respective advantages and limitations. Finally, it highlights the shortcomings of existing research in terms of carbon emission factors, energy consumption data, and accounting scope, while suggesting future research directions.
Characteristics of China’s digital economy network and its impact on carbon emissions
Authors: Wang Huiping , Liu Peiling
Published: September 2023

Accurately grasping the correlation of digital economy between cities is an important foundation for scientifically formulating regional coordinated development strategies, and also an important entry point for achieving the goal of “carbon peaking and carbon neutrality”. Using data for 248 cities in China from 2011 to 2019, social network analysis is conducted to examine the overall and individual characteristics of the digital economy network (DEN), and the effects of the DEN’s central characteristics on carbon emissions are empirically assessed. Research conclusions include the following: first, the digital economy of these 248 cities in China exhibits a clear spatial network structure, but the overall network structure is relatively loose, with fewer connections between cities, representative of the initial form of the network. Second, the Yangtze River Delta Urban Agglomeration, as represented by Wuxi, Suzhou, and Nanjing, occupies a core position in the network. Only 35 cities fulfil an intermediary role, influencing the connections between other cities. More than 40% of cities are strongly connected with nondirect partners. Third, the improvement in the central position of the DEN significantly increases carbon emissions, but the direction and intensity exhibit high heterogeneity with differences in resource endowment and population size. Fourth, the central characteristics of the DEN indirectly promote carbon emissions by increasing energy consumption. These research findings complement the existing research on the relationship between DEN and carbon emissions, providing valuable policy implications for governments and scholars.
The African Goat Improvement Network: a scientific group empowering smallholder farmers
Authors: Van Tassell Curtis P. , Rosen Benjamin D. , Woodward-Greene M. Jennifer , Silverstein Jeffrey T. , Huson Heather J. , Sölkner Johann , Boettcher Paul , Rothschild Max F. , Mészáros Gábor , Nakimbugwe Helen N. , Gondwe Timothy N. , Muchadeyi Farai C. , Nandolo Wilson , Mulindwa Henry A. , Banda Liveness J. , Kaumbata Wilson , Getachew Tesfaye , Haile Aynalem , Soudre Albert , Ouédraogo Dominique , Rischkowsky Barbara A. , Mwai Ally Okeyo , Dzomba Edgar Farai , Nash Oyekanmi , Abegaz Solomon , Masiga Clet Wandui , Wurzinger Maria , Sayre Brian L. , Stella Alessandra , Tosser-Klopp Gwenola , Sonstegard Tad S.
Published: September 2023

Graphical Abstract
Escherichia coli adhesion portion FimH polarizes M2 macrophages to M1 macrophages in tumor microenvironment via toll-like receptor 4
Authors: Zhang Wei , Xu Li , Zhang Xiaoyan , Xu Jianqing , Jin Jun-O
Published: September 2023

Background

Macrophages are key effector cells of innate immunity and play a critical role in the immune balance of disease pathogenesis, especially in the tumor microenvironment. In previous studies, we showed that FimH, an Escherichia coli adhesion portion, promoted dendritic cell activation. However, the effect of FimH in macrophage polarization has yet to be fully examined. In this study, we investigated the potential effect of FimH on macrophages, as well as the polarization from M2 to M1 macrophages, contributing to the overall antitumor effect

Methods

Mouse bone marrow derived macrophages and peritoneal macrophages were generated to test the effect of FimH in vitro. The expression of costimulatory molecules and production of cytokines were analyzed. The effect of FimH in the tumor-associated macrophages was examine in the B16F10-tumor bearing C57BL/6.

Results

FimH was found to promote M1 macrophage activation. In addition, FimH polarized M2 macrophages, which were induced by interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-13 into M1 macrophages were dependent on toll-like receptor 4 and myeloid differentiation factor 2. Moreover, FimH reprogramed the tumor-associated macrophage (TAM) into M1 macrophages in B16 melanoma tumor-bearing mice and promoted an inflammatory reaction in the tumor microenvironment (TME). Furthermore, FimH promoted M1 macrophage activation, as well as the reversion of M2 macrophages into M1 macrophages in humans. Finally, FimH treatment was found to enhance the anti-cancer immunity of anti-PD-L1 antibody by the induction of M1 polarization from TAM.

Conclusion

This study demonstrated the potential effect of FimH on the activation of macrophages, responsible for the repolarization of M2 macrophages into the M1 phenotype via the TLR4 signaling pathway. Moreover, FimH could also reprogram TAM polarization to the M1 status in the TME, as well as enhance the anti-tumor activity of immune checkpoint blockade.
Surface toll-like receptor 9 on immune cells and its immunomodulatory effect
Authors: Kou Mengyuan , Wang Liying
Published: September 2023

Toll like receptor 9 (TLR9) has been considered as a crucial intracellular pattern recognition receptor in the immune system, which can directly or indirectly mediate innate and adaptive immune responses by recognizing CpG DNA in endosomes to initiate its downstream signaling. However, TLR9 can also be expressed on the membrane surface of some immune and non-immune cells, called surface TLR9 (sTLR9), which covers the TLR9 and its immunomodulatory role with a mysterious veil. In this review, we mainly focus on the sTLR9 expressed on neutrophils, B cells and erythrocytes, and its immunomodulatory roles displayed alone or in coordination with endosomal TLR9 (eTLR9), providing a theoretical reference for the application of its modulators.
Transitions in modes of coastal adaptation: addressing blight, engagement and sustainability
Authors: Brown Sally , Tompkins Emma L. , Suckall Natalie , French Jon , Haigh Ivan D. , Lazarus Eli , Nicholls Robert J. , Penning-Rowsell Edmund C. , Thompson Charlie E. L. , Townend Ian , van der Plank Sien
Published: September 2023

Coastal defences have long provided protection from erosion and flooding to cities, towns and villages. In many parts of the world, continued defence is being questioned due to both environmental, sustainability and economic considerations. This is exemplified in England and Wales, where strategic Shoreline Management Plans envisage realignment of many protected coasts, often with low population densities, over the coming decades. The policy transition from protection to realignment is often resisted by affected communities and can have high political costs. Whilst some preparations for such transitions have been made, the communities affected are often not fully aware of the implications of policy change, and this brings the potential for blight. In this paper, we investigate the challenges of implementing transitions in coastal policy within England and Wales. The analysis is based on data obtained from three workshops held in 2019 that were attended by council members, engineers, planners, scientists and other relevant professionals. Five conditions are found to promote contention: (i) policy actors with competing priorities and different decision making time frames (immediate to decadal to a century); (ii) divergence between regulations and ad hoc political decisions (e.g. in relation to the demand for new housing); (iii) limited or non-existent funding to support policy transition; (iv) community expectation that protection is forever; and (v) a disconnection between people and ongoing coastal change. Our research indicates that transitions can be better supported through: (1) integrated multi-scalar preparedness for coastal change; (2) an accessible evidence base and future vision to nurture political confidence in adaptation; and (3) defined, time-bound and accessible diverse funding streams to achieve transitions. Critically, these generic actions need to be embedded within the local political and planning system to facilitate transition to more sustainable coasts and their communities.
Bone wax reduces blood loss after total hip arthroplasty: a prospective, randomized controlled study
Authors: Li Hao , Huang Chao , Ding Zi-Chuan , Liu Zun-Han , Zhao En-Ze , Zhou Zong-Ke
Published: September 2023

Background

Previous studies have demonstrated the efficacy of bone wax in reducing blood loss in various orthopedic surgeries. However, the effect of bone wax on total hip arthroplasty (THA) remains unclear. The objective of this study was to assess the efficacy of bone wax in THA.

Methods

We enrolled 104 patients in this randomized controlled trial. These patients were randomized (1:1) to either the bone wax or control group. The primary outcome was total blood loss after THA. The secondary outcomes included serum hemoglobin (Hb) level, change in Hb level, lower limb diameters on the first and third postoperative day (POD), range of motion at discharge, length of postoperative hospital stay, and adverse events.

Results

Patients in the bone wax group had significantly lower total blood loss on PODs 1 and 3 (p < 0.05). Moreover, patients in the bone wax group performed better in terms of postoperative serum Hb level, change in Hb level on PODs 1 and 3, and length of postoperative hospital stay (all p < 0.05). Patients in the bone wax group did not experience any bone wax-related adverse events.

Conclusion

Bone wax administration in THA significantly reduced perioperative blood loss. Therefore, bone wax is promising for optimizing blood-conserving management protocols in THA.

Clinical trial registration

[https://clinicaltrials.gov/], identifier [ChiCTR2100043868].
Does healthcare consumerism serve as a barrier or facilitator to the implementation of value-based primary care? Strategies to promote synergy and success
Authors: Rangachari Pavani
Published: September 2023

Introduction

Value in health care is described as the measured improvement in a patient’s health outcomes for the cost of achieving that improvement. In the United States, value-based care has been heralded by providers, payers, and policymakers alike, as a path to addressing the challenges facing the healthcare system and achieving the aspirational goals of the Quadruple Aim of healthcare. Primary care is often viewed as the foundational cornerstone for implementing value-based care. However, primary care is also considered as ground-zero for the rise in healthcare consumerism.

Methods

In essence, consumerism refers to increasing expectations from patients (consumers) to be more active participants in decisions related to their healthcare. While much of the literature has portrayed the rise in consumerism as a barrier to the implementation of value-based primary care, some have argued that it may have potential to synergize with and facilitate the implementation of value-based primary care. This paper applies an enhanced stepwise implementation framework for value-based (equitable) care, to examine the potential for conflict and synergy between consumerism and value-based care in the emerging retail model of primary care. The application is based on the potential actions of four key stakeholder groups: (1) retail healthcare entities, (2) primary-care providers, (3) consumers (patients), and (4) healthcare payers.

Results

The analysis helps to articulate the responsibilities of each stakeholder group in ensuring synergy between consumerism and value-based primary care. In addition, it helps to identify three drivers of synergy between consumerism and value-based care: (1) trust in the patient-provider relationship, (2) connected consumer-centric technology solutions, and (3) value-based consumer-centric payment models.

Discussion

Overall, the application helps to articulate a comprehensive framework for implementing value-based care that incorporates both the principles of consumerism and active consideration for health equity.
Changes in microbial community during hydrolyzed sludge reduction
Authors: Liu Shaomin , Wu Jiating , Hu Ziyan , Jiang Mengyu
Published: September 2023

In this study, the effects of different enzymes (lysozyme, α-amylase and neutral protease) on sludge hydrolysis efficiency and microbial community in sequencing batch reactor (SBR) were introduced. The results showed that the hydrolysis efficiencies of the three enzymes were 48.5, 22.5 and 31%, respectively, compared with the accumulated sludge discharge of the blank control group. However, it has varying degrees of impact on the effluent quality, and the denitrification and phosphorus removal effect of the system deteriorates. The lysozyme that achieves the optimal sludge hydrolysis effect of 48.5% has the greatest impact on the chemical oxygen demand (COD), total nitrogen (TN), and nitrate nitrogen (NO3−-N) of the effluent. The sludge samples of the control group and the groups supplemented with different enzyme preparations were subjected to high-throughput sequencing. It was found that the number of OTUs (Operational Taxonomic Units) of the samples was lysozyme > α-amylase > blank control > neutral protease. Moreover, the abundance grade curve of the sludge samples supplemented with lysozyme and α-amylase was smoother, and the community richness and diversity were improved by lysozyme and α-amylase. The species diversity of the sludge supplemented with lysozyme and neutral protease was great, and the community succession was obvious. The introduction of enzymes did not change the main microbial communities of the sludge, which were mainly Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria and Bacteroidetes. The effects of three enzyme preparations on sludge reduction and microbial diversity during pilot operation were analyzed, the gap in microbial research was filled, which provided theoretical value for the practical operation of enzymatic sludge reduction.
The evolving role of methanogenic archaea in mammalian microbiomes
Authors: Volmer James G. , McRae Harley , Morrison Mark
Published: September 2023

Methanogenic archaea (methanogens) represent a diverse group of microorganisms that inhabit various environmental and host-associated microbiomes. These organisms play an essential role in global carbon cycling given their ability to produce methane, a potent greenhouse gas, as a by-product of their energy production. Recent advances in culture-independent and -dependent studies have highlighted an increased prevalence of methanogens in the host-associated microbiome of diverse animal species. Moreover, there is increasing evidence that methanogens, and/or the methane they produce, may play a substantial role in human health and disease. This review addresses the expanding host-range and the emerging view of host-specific adaptations in methanogen biology and ecology, and the implications for host health and disease.
How can we use stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes to understand the involvement of energetic metabolism in alterations of cardiac function?
Authors: Rebs Sabine , Streckfuss-Bömeke Katrin
Published: September 2023

Mutations in the mitochondrial-DNA or mitochondria related nuclear-encoded-DNA lead to various multisystemic disorders collectively termed mitochondrial diseases. One in three cases of mitochondrial disease affects the heart muscle, which is called mitochondrial cardiomyopathy (MCM) and is associated with hypertrophic, dilated, and noncompact cardiomyopathy. The heart is an organ with high energy demand, and mitochondria occupy 30%–40% of its cardiomyocyte-cell volume. Mitochondrial dysfunction leads to energy depletion and has detrimental effects on cardiac performance. However, disease development and progression in the context of mitochondrial and nuclear DNA mutations, remains incompletely understood. The system of induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived cardiomyocytes (CM) is an excellent platform to study MCM since the unique genetic identity to their donors enables a robust recapitulation of the predicted phenotypes in a dish on a patient-specific level. Here, we focus on recent insights into MCM studied by patient-specific iPSC-CM and further discuss research gaps and advances in metabolic maturation of iPSC-CM, which is crucial for the study of mitochondrial dysfunction and to develop novel therapeutic strategies.
Bored with boredom? Trait boredom predicts internet addiction through the mediating role of attentional bias toward social networks
Authors: Cannito Loreta , Ceccato Irene , Annunzi Eugenia , Bortolotti Alessandro , D’Intino Eleonora , Palumbo Rocco , D’Addario Claudio , Di Domenico Alberto , Palumbo Riccardo
Published: September 2023

Internet addiction is an emerging issue, impacting people’s psychosocial functioning and well-being. However, the prevalence and the mechanisms underlying internet misuse are largely unknown. As with other behavioral addiction disorders, the increase and persistence of internet addiction may be favored by negative affect such as boredom. In this study, we examined the role of boredom susceptibility, as a personality trait, in predicting the risk of internet addiction. Furthermore, we analyzed the attentional mechanisms that may exacerbate dysfunctional internet behaviors. Specifically, we assessed the mediating role of attentional bias toward social media cues on the relation between boredom susceptibility and internet addiction. Sixty-nine young adults were administered a dot-probe task assessing internet-related attentional bias (AB) and questionnaires measuring internet addiction (IAT) and boredom susceptibility (BS-BSSS). Correlation and t-test analyses confirmed that the tendency to experience boredom and selective attention toward social network information was related to internet addiction. Furthermore, the mediation model indicated that AB fully explains the link between BS-BSSS and IAT. The study highlighted the crucial role of selective attentional processing behind internet addiction. The current results are useful for both researchers and clinicians as they suggest that intervention programs for internet addiction should include strategies to cope with dysfunctional cognitive processes.
Semantic processing during continuous speech production: an analysis from eye movements and EEG
Authors: Huang Jinfeng , Zhang Gaoyan , Dang Jianwu , Chen Yu , Miyamoto Shoko
Published: September 2023

Introduction

Speech production involves neurological planning and articulatory execution. How speakers prepare for articulation is a significant aspect of speech production research. Previous studies have focused on isolated words or short phrases to explore speech planning mechanisms linked to articulatory behaviors, including investigating the eye-voice span (EVS) during text reading. However, these experimental paradigms lack real-world speech process replication. Additionally, our understanding of the neurological dimension of speech planning remains limited.

Methods

This study examines speech planning mechanisms during continuous speech production by analyzing behavioral (eye movement and speech) and neurophysiological (EEG) data within a continuous speech production task. The study specifically investigates the influence of semantic consistency on speech planning and the occurrence of “look ahead” behavior.

Results

The outcomes reveal the pivotal role of semantic coherence in facilitating fluent speech production. Speakers access lexical representations and phonological information before initiating speech, emphasizing the significance of semantic processing in speech planning. Behaviorally, the EVS decreases progressively during continuous reading of regular sentences, with a slight increase for non-regular sentences. Moreover, eye movement pattern analysis identifies two distinct speech production modes, highlighting the importance of semantic comprehension and prediction in higher-level lexical processing. Neurologically, the dual pathway model of speech production is supported, indicating a dorsal information flow and frontal lobe involvement. The brain network linked to semantic understanding exhibits a negative correlation with semantic coherence, with significant activation during semantic incoherence and suppression in regular sentences.

Discussion

The study’s findings enhance comprehension of speech planning mechanisms and offer insights into the role of semantic coherence in continuous speech production. Furthermore, the research methodology establishes a valuable framework for future investigations in this domain.
Cardiovascular effects of auricular stimulation -a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled clinical trials
Authors: Hua Kevin , Cummings Mike , Bernatik Miriam , Brinkhaus Benno , Usichenko Taras , Dietzel Joanna
Published: September 2023

Background

The number of randomized controlled trials using auricular stimulation (AS) such as transauricular vagus nerve stimulation, or other auricular electrostimulation or auricular acupuncture or acupressure, in experimental and clinical settings, has increased markedly over the last three decades. This systematic review focusses on cardiovascular effects of auricular stimulation.

Methods and analysis

The following databases were searched: MEDLINE (PubMed), EMBASE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), ISI Web of Science, and Scopus Database. RCTs were reviewed that had been published in English and European languages. Data collection and analysis was conducted by two reviewers independently. Quality and risk assessment of included studies was performed and the meta-analysis of the effect of the most frequently assessed biomarkers.

Results

Altogether, 78 trials were included. 38 studies assessed heart rate (HR), 19 studies analyzed heart rate variability (HRV), 31 studies analyzed blood pressure (BP) and 7 studies were identified that measured oxygen saturation (O2), 2 studies on baroreflex sensitivity and 2 studies on skin conductance were evaluated in this review. 26 studies contained continuous data and were eligible for meta-analysis, 50 trials reported non continuous data and were evaluated descriptively. The overall quality of the studies was moderate to low. AS leads to a significant reduction of HR, the changes though were not considered an adverse reaction. Furthermore, when looking at HRV, AS was able to reduce the LF/HF ratio significantly compared to control procedures. No other cardiovascular parameters (blood pressure, oxygen saturation, baroreflex sensitivity) were changed significantly. AS produced only minor side effects in all trials.

Conclusion

AS can lead to clinically safe reduction of HR and changes in the LF/HF ratio of the HRV, which is presumably via an increase in vagal activity. More research is needed to clarify whether AS can be used to modulate tachycardia or indications with autonomic imbalance.

Systematic review registration

https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=231885 PROSPERO, ID CRD42021231885.
Multilevel analysis of trends and predictors of concurrent wasting and stunting among children 6–59 months in Ethiopia from 2000 to 2019
Authors: Roba Aklilu Abrham , Başdaş Öznur
Published: September 2023

Introduction

Emerging evidence indicates that children can be concurrently wasted and stunted (WaSt), increasing their mortality risk. However, more is needed to know about WaSt in Ethiopia. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the trends and predictors of WaSt using Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey datasets from 2000 and 2019.

Methods

The study included a total weighted sample of 34,930 children aged 6–59 months. Descriptive and weighted multilevel mixed-effects (fixed and random effects) logistic regression analyses were carried out. The Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) and the Median Odds Ratio (MOR) were calculated.

Results

The prevalence of WaSt was 1,682 (4.82%) with a significantly decreasing trend, yielding a percent change of −57.51% (−69.37% to −23.52%) from 2000 to 2019. In the adjusted model, the odds of WaSt increased in boys, children with a shorter preceding birth interval, small birth size, delayed initiation of complementary foods, diarrhea, fever, and anemia, mother’s lack of formal education, and being a farmer, and poor/middle wealth index, and lack of mass media exposure. WaSt was inversely related to the child’s age. Adjusted ICC and MOR were 31.16% and 3.20%, respectively.

Conclusion and recommendations

The study highlights the importance of considering individual and community-level factors to address WaSt, such as timely initiation of complementary foods, improving access to health services, quality diet, and prevention of communicable diseases. Furthermore, programs that have positive impacts on formal education and employment opportunities for girls, as well as that increase access to mass media, are required.
Metabolic impact of polyphenol-rich aronia fruit juice mediated by inflammation status of gut microbiome donors in humanized mouse model
Authors: Wilson Stephanie M. G. , Peach Jesse T. , Fausset Hunter , Miller Zachary T. , Walk Seth T. , Yeoman Carl J. , Bothner Brian , Miles Mary P.
Published: September 2023

Background

The Aronia melanocarpa fruit is emerging as a health food owing to its high polyphenolic content and associated antioxidant activity. Antioxidant-rich foods, such as Aronia fruit, may counter inflammatory stimuli and positively modulate the gut microbiome. However, a comprehensive study characterizing the impact of Aronia fruit supplementation has not been completed. Therefore, we completed analyses measuring the metabolic, microbial, and inflammatory effects of a diet supplemented with Aronia fruit juice.

Method

Humanized mice were generated by colonizing gnotobiotic mice with microbiomes from human donors presenting disparate inflammation levels. Blood and fecal samples were collected throughout the course of an 8-week dietary intervention with either Aronia juice or a carbohydrate-matched beverage alone (2 weeks) or in combination with a high-fat diet to induce inflammation (6 weeks). Samples were analyzed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing (stool) and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (serum).

Results

We demonstrated transfer of microbiome composition and diversity and metabolic characteristics from humans with low and high inflammation levels to second-generation humanized mice. Aronia supplementation provided robust protection against high-fat diet induced metabolic and microbiome changes that were dependent in part on microbiome donor. Aronia induced increases in bacteria of the Eggerthellaceae genus (7-fold) which aligns with its known ability to metabolize (poly)phenols and in phosphatidylcholine metabolites which are consistent with improved gut barrier function. The gut microbiome from a low inflammation phenotype donor provided protection against high-fat diet induced loss of microbiome β-diversity and global metabolomic shifts compared to that from the high inflammation donor.

Conclusion

These metabolic changes elucidate pathway-specific drivers of reduced inflammation stemming from both Aronia and the gut microbiota.
Application of GC-IMS coupled with chemometric analysis for the classification and authentication of geographical indication agricultural products and food
Authors: Zhu Hong , Zhu Dazhou , Sun Junmao
Published: September 2023

Geographical indications (GI) are used to protect the brand value of agricultural products, foodstuffs, and wine and promote the sustainable development of the agricultural and food industries. Despite the necessity for the traceability and recognition of GI product characteristics, no rapid, non-destructive approaches currently exist to identify, classify, and predict these properties. The application of gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry (GC-IMS) has increased exponentially due to instrument robustness and simplicity. This paper provided a detailed overview of recent GC-IMS applications in China for the quality evaluation of GI products and food, including agricultural products, as well as traditional Chinese food and liquor. The general workflow of GC-IMS coupled with chemometric analysis is presented, including sample collection, model construction and interpretation, and data acquisition, processing, and fusion. Several conclusions are drawn to increase partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) model precision, a chemometric technique frequently combined with GC-IMS.
Prediction of axillary lymph node metastasis in early breast cancer patients with ultrasonic videos based deep learning
Authors: Li Wei-Bin , Du Zhi-Cheng , Liu Yue-Jie , Gao Jun-Xue , Wang Jia-Gang , Dai Qian , Huang Wen-He
Published: September 2023

Objective

To develop a deep learning (DL) model for predicting axillary lymph node (ALN) metastasis using dynamic ultrasound (US) videos in breast cancer patients.

Methods

A total of 271 US videos from 271 early breast cancer patients collected from Xiang’an Hospital of Xiamen University andShantou Central Hospitabetween September 2019 and June 2021 were used as the training, validation, and internal testing set (testing set A). Additionally, an independent dataset of 49 US videos from 49 patients with breast cancer, collected from Shanghai 10th Hospital of Tongji University from July 2021 to May 2022, was used as an external testing set (testing set B). All ALN metastases were confirmed using pathological examination. Three different convolutional neural networks (CNNs) with R2 + 1D, TIN, and ResNet-3D architectures were used to build the models. The performance of the US video DL models was compared with that of US static image DL models and axillary US examination performed by ultra-sonographers. The performances of the DL models and ultra-sonographers were evaluated based on accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). Additionally, gradient class activation mapping (Grad-CAM) technology was also used to enhance the interpretability of the models.

Results

Among the three US video DL models, TIN showed the best performance, achieving an AUC of 0.914 (95% CI: 0.843-0.985) in predicting ALN metastasis in testing set A. The model achieved an accuracy of 85.25% (52/61), with a sensitivity of 76.19% (16/21) and a specificity of 90.00% (36/40). The AUC of the US video DL model was superior to that of the US static image DL model (0.856, 95% CI: 0.753-0.959, P<0.05). The Grad-CAM technology confirmed the heatmap of the model, which highlighted important subregions of the keyframe for ultra-sonographers’ review.

Conclusion

A feasible and improved DL model to predict ALN metastasis from breast cancer US video images was developed. The DL model in this study with reliable interpretability would provide an early diagnostic strategy for the appropriate management of axillary in the early breast cancer patients.
Changes in gut microbiota composition after 12 weeks of a home-based lifestyle intervention in breast cancer survivors during the COVID-19 lockdown
Authors: Donati Zeppa Sabrina , Natalucci Valentina , Agostini Deborah , Vallorani Luciana , Amatori Stefano , Sisti Davide , Rocchi Marco B. L. , Pazienza Valerio , Perri Francesco , Villani Annacandida , Binda Elena , Panebianco Concetta , Mencarelli Gandino , Ciuffreda Luigi , Ferri Marini Carlo , Annibalini Giosué , Lucertini Francesco , Bartolacci Alessia , Imperio Marta , Virgili Edy , Catalano Vincenzo , Piccoli Giovanni , Stocchi Vilberto , Emili Rita , Barbieri Elena
Published: September 2023

Background

Breast cancer (BC) is the second-leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. This study aimed to investigate the effects of a 12-week home-based lifestyle intervention (based on nutrition and exercise) on gut microbial composition in twenty BC survivors of the MoviS clinical trial (protocol: NCT 04818359).

Methods

Gut microbiota analysis through 16S rRNA gene sequencing, anthropometrics, Mediterranean Diet (MD) adherence, and cardiometabolic parameters were evaluated before (Pre) and after (Post) the lifestyle intervention (LI).

Results

Beneficial effects of the LI were observed on MD adherence, and cardiometabolic parameters (pre vs post). A robust reduction of Proteobacteria was observed after LI, which is able to reshape the gut microbiota by modulating microorganisms capable of decreasing inflammation and others involved in improving the lipid and glycemic assets of the host. A significant negative correlation between fasting glucose and Clostridia_vadinBB60 (r = -0.62), insulin and homeostatic model assessment (HOMA) index and Butyricicoccus genera (r = -0.72 and -0.66, respectively), and HDL cholesterol and Escherichia/Shigella (r = -0.59) have been reported. Moreover, positive correlations were found between MD adherence and Lachnospiraceae_ND3007 (r = 0.50), Faecalibacterium (r = 0.38) and Butyricimonas (r = 0.39).

Conclusion

These data suggest that adopting a healthy lifestyle, may contribute to ameliorate several biological parameters that could be involved in the prevention of cancer relapses through the modulation of gut microbiota.
Case report: Ibogaine reduced severe neuropathic pain associated with a case of brachial plexus nerve root avulsion
Authors: Dickinson Jonathan E. , Inzunza Jose Adalberto Dominguez , Perez-Villa Liliana , Millar Trevor G. , Pushparaj Abhiram P.
Published: September 2023

Brachial plexus nerve root avulsion results from complete separation of the nerve root from the spinal cord and is one of the most challenging types of neuropathic pain, coinciding with motor, sensory and autonomic deficits. The severe pain and typical impossibility of root reattachment often leads to requests for amputation. Ibogaine is an indole alkaloid producing psychoactive effects through reported actions upon multiple neurotransmitter systems, including NMDA, κ- and µ-opioid receptors and σ2 receptor sites, along with stimulation of neurotrophic factors GDNF and BDNF. In this case report we describe a 53-year-old male with two decades of severe intractable pain due to brachial plexus nerve root avulsion from vehicular trauma who was successfully treated with both high dose inpatient and low dose outpatient administrations of ibogaine. Though promising for future study, the adverse effects of high dose ibogaine administrations may limit tolerability of this saturation protocol to the most refractory cases.