bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of curing heating rate on tensile/flexural properties of carbon fiber reinforced plastic filament wound structure
Authors: Liang Jianguo , Yang Kun , Wu Ting , Li Yinhui , Feng Jun , Zhao Chunjiang , Miao Chunxiang
Published: January 2025

The curing heating rate is a crucial component influencing the characteristics and curing effect of carbon fiber composites during the molding of carbon fiber reinforced plastic filament wound (CFRP FW). To investigate the relationship between the curing heating rate and CFRP FW’s mechanical and microstructure characteristics, in this study, carbon fiber composites the Navy Ordnance Laboratory (NOL) composite rings and unidirectional plates were prepared with five curing heating rates using wet filament winding, and the specimens were tested in tensile, flexural, and shear. Energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) was utilized to analyze the microstructural phases elementally, while scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was employed to characterize the shear section and fracture morphology of the unidirectional plate shear specimens. The findings demonstrated that at a curing heating rate of 2°C/min, the peak tensile strength of 2.26 GPa for NOL rings, 2.28 GPa for unidirectional plates, 38.91 MPa for shear strength, and 32.54 MPa for flexural strength were attained. The microfracture of the shear specimen has a uniform morphology, homogeneous structure, and the highest content of carbon elements. This work provides a way to control the pace of curing heating in order to improve the physical characteristics of fiber-woven parts.
Do Physical Activities Prevent the Occurrence of Bothersome Pain?
Authors: Liu Bian , Yang Chen , Mazumdar Madhu , Aldridge Melissa , Morrison R Sean , Li Lihua
Published: January 2025

We examined the associations between physical activity (PA)—measured through self-reported walking and vigorous activities—and pain occurrence (self-reported bothersome pain or frequent pain medication use), and persistent pain (pain occurring for two consecutive years). This analysis used a large, nationally representative sample of 2279 older adults from the National Health and Aging Trends Study of 2015–2018, and applied generalized estimating equation regression with propensity score weighting. Approximately 70% and 50% of the participants reported walking and vigorous activities respectively at baseline. The cumulative incidence over the 3-year follow-up time was approximately 60%, and was similar across PA groups. The risk of pain occurrence or persistent pain did not differ by walking or by vigorous activity status (relative risks ranged from 0.97 to 1.20, and the 95% CIs included one). While pain occurrence was common among older adults, our analysis did not find it to be associated with PA.
Fracture Risk Assessment in the 2023 Osteoporosis Canada Guideline
Authors: Leslie William D. , Burrell Steven , Morin Suzanne N.
Published: January 2025

Radiologists and other diagnostic imaging specialists play a pivotal role in the management of osteoporosis, a highly prevalent condition of reduced bone strength and increased fracture risk. Bone mineral density (BMD) measurement with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) is a critical component of identifying individuals at high risk for fracture. Strategies to prevent fractures are consolidated in the Osteoporosis Canada clinical practice guideline which was updated in 2023. In this guideline, treatment recommendations are based upon a consideration of fracture history, 10-year major osteoporotic fracture (MOF) risk, and BMD T-score in conjunction with age. The current review aims to familiarize radiologists and other diagnostic imaging specialists with the reporting requirements needed to support implementation of this guideline using the FRAX™ risk calculation tool. Fortunately, for specialists already familiar with the Canadian Association of Radiologists and Osteoporosis Canada (CAROC) tool, the transition to FRAX-based reporting is readily accommodated in a radiology workflow.
CAR/CSACI Practice Guidance for Contrast Media Hypersensitivity
Authors: Byrne Adam , Macdonald D. Blair , Kirkpatrick Iain D. C. , Pham Magali , Green Courtney R. , Copaescu Ana Maria , McInnes Matthew D. F. , Ling Ling , Ellis Anne , Costa Andreu F.
Published: January 2025

Contrast media, including iodinated contrast media and gadolinium-based contrast agents, are commonly administered pharmaceuticals with excellent safety profiles. However, a minority of the population may experience a hypersensitivity reaction following intravenous administration. Hypersensitivity reactions can be immediate or delayed, and range from mild, such as urticaria, to severe, including anaphylaxis. There is emerging evidence that longstanding pretreatment protocols, such as diphenhydramine and corticosteroids, are ineffective and have the potential for side effects and other harms. Moreover, the evidence for efficacy on which this practice is based is weak and outdated. A joint collaborative working group of representatives from the Canadian Association of Radiologists and the Canadian Society of Allergy and Clinical Immunology was assembled to inform medical professionals and hospital policies regarding hypersensitivity reactions to contrast media. The objectives of the working group were to provide an overview of the epidemiology, physiology, risk factors, and types of hypersensitivity reactions; to synthesize the evidence for pretreatment strategies that minimize the risk of a breakthrough reaction for both iodinated contrast media and gadolinium-based contrast agents; to review the allergy investigations used to evaluate patients with a history of severe hypersensitivity reaction; and to provide an overview of existing guidelines. Following appraisal of the evidence, the working group established recommendations based on consensus in this practice guidance.
Sources of moral distress in nursing professionals: A scoping review
Authors: Karasinski Murilo , Lomba de Oliveira Elena , de Souza Pousa Victor Lucas , Massaneiro dos Santos Giovanna Carolina , Corradi Perini Carla
Published: January 2025

This article presents a scoping review aimed at mapping the main sources of moral distress among nursing professionals. The review was conducted according to the Arksey and O’Malley methodology, using the SPIDER framework to guide the systematic search in the BVS, PubMed, PsycArticles, Scielo, and Scopus databases. Initially, 2320 publications were identified. After the application of inclusion and exclusion criteria, 83 studies were selected for analysis in terms of their methodological characteristics, objectives, practice contexts, and various sources of moral distress identified. The analysis facilitated the grouping of these sources into specific situations, reflecting the challenges experienced by nurses under different practice settings. This review augments the knowledge of the causes of moral distress in nursing, highlighting the impact of this phenomenon on the physical and mental health of professionals, as well as on the quality of care provided.
Improving client communication skills in migration law and practice education
Authors: Smith-Khan Laura , Giles Christine
Published: January 2025

This article reports on a research-teaching collaboration in the Graduate Diploma in Migration Law and Practice. The collaboration aimed to improve students’ client communication skills by embedding interdisciplinary expertise to improve the learning materials and activities on offer in the program. After providing an overview of the collaboration, we share findings from the research, identifying key aspects of students’ skills development. The article concludes that incorporating interdisciplinary research expertise in migration law teaching can assist in creating valuable student experiences and developing professional communication skills.
Grave Acts: The Relationship between Contextual Exposure to Police Killings and Black Political Participation
Authors: Branton Regina P. , Carey Tony E.
Published: January 2025

There has been growing scholarly attention to the relationship between contextual exposure to police killings and political engagement. Recent studies offer mixed findings. Some studies show local exposure to police killings increase both voting and protest activity, while other work suggests such exposure represses political activity. In this study, we contend that the relationship of police killings to Black political activity varies depending on the cumulative effect of police killings within citizens’ communities. Most existing studies rely upon a single event of police violence or a limited time range to evaluate the influence of contextual exposure. Our focus on the cumulative effects of police killings is important given many African Americans live in communities where such violence has been prevalent for years. Using the 2016 Collaborative Multiracial Post-Election Survey in combination with data from the Census Bureau, Federal Bureau of Investigation, and “Mapping Police Violence” project, we discover contextual exposure to police killings serves as a mobilizing force for Black citizens.
Transosseous Flexor Hallucis Longus Tendon Transfer for Large Achilles Tendon Defects: Surgery Technique and Outcome
Authors: Friederichsen Philipp , Zwicky Simone , Stephan Anika , Stadelmann Vincent A. , Rippstein Pascal
Published: January 2025

Background:

Operative management of chronic Achilles tendinopathy with large defects can be surgically challenging. Concerns exist regarding transosseous transfer of the flexor hallucis longus (FHL) tendon because of the shortened lever arm of flexion and weakening of the big toe. The aim of this study was to demonstrate the 2-year outcome of transosseous FHL transfer for the treatment of large Achilles tendon defects.

Methods:

We retrospectively analyzed 28 patients who underwent FHL transfer. The extent of the defect was measured with magnetic resonance imaging. Outcome parameters were the German Foot Function Index (FFI-D) evaluated at baseline and 6, 12, and 24 months postoperatively, the University of California–Los Angeles (UCLA) activity scale, 2 questions about patient satisfaction, reports on complications, or plantar flexion weakness of the great toe.

Results:

Mean FFI-D scores of pain and disability improved from 37.2 and 52.3, respectively, at baseline to 6.9 and 15.0, respectively, 24 months postsurgery. ( P < .001). At 24 months, 57% of patients were very satisfied and 25% were satisfied with the current symptoms related to their Achilles tendon. All patients noted a relevant improvement at the 2 year follow-up; 1 patient noted weakness of big toe flexion without relevant functional limitation. Complications occurred in 3 patients in the initial postoperative course (2 with delayed wound healing, and 1 with severe perifocal wound necrosis); all resolved completely.

Conclusion:

We found transosseous FHL transfer using the long, open harvest method and additional bridging of large Achilles defects to be a successful treatment. The majority of patients experienced a significant improvement in both function and pain level and were satisfied with the outcome. Flexion weakness of the big toe does not appear to be a clinically relevant issue after this treatment for chronic Achilles tendinopathy.
Frequency of Upper Body Muscular Demands in Contemporary and Ballet Dance Performance: A Cross Sectional Performance Analysis
Authors: Farmer Claire , Brouner James
Published: January 2025

Introduction: There is currently little research relating specifically to the muscular strength and endurance requirements of the upper body such as lifts at varying heights, ground floor contact with the hands and inversions such as handstands. Enhanced understanding of muscular demands can inform training program design to build physical tolerance to meet the demand of the activity. The aim of this study was to ascertain the frequency of upper body muscular skills in contemporary and ballet dance performance. Methods: Analysis of 46 individual ballet performers (F = 23, M = 23) from 12 performances (duration 63.5 ± 44.5 minutes) and 44 individual contemporary performers (F = 21, M = 23) from 12 performances (duration 35.7 ± 4.3 minutes) was carried out. Frequency of upper body skills was recorded using Dartfish Easytag-Note and converted to mean frequency per minute of total performance and per performance by genre and by sex. Differences in frequency between genre were analyzed via Mann–Whitney U. Phase two analyzed differences between sex via Mann–Whitney U. Finally, analysis of differences between sex within dance genre was carried out via Wilcoxon signed rank test. Significance was accepted at P < .05. Results: A significant difference was apparent between ballet and contemporary dance for holding own weight ( P < .05) with a greater total mean frequency within contemporary performances of 8.50 ± 9.03 compared to a total mean frequency of 1.51 ± 3.13 within ballet performances. Additionally, there was a significant difference for above shoulder assisted lift ( P < .05) when comparing male dancers, with male contemporary dancers carrying out significantly more (9.82 ± 8.56) per performance than male ballet dancers (2.33 ± 4.66). A higher mean frequency of below shoulder lifts than above shoulder lifts was also noted, with the majority of above shoulder lifts remaining at eye level. Conclusion: Training programs must prepare dancers for upper body movements that consider differing biomechanical demands of a variety of lifts and inversions.
Analysis of healthcare utilization before the diagnosis of radiologically isolated syndrome
Authors: Lebrun-Frenay Christine , Kerbrat Sandrine , Okuda Darin T , Landes-Chateau Cassandre , Kantarci Orhun H , Pierret Chloe , Drezen Erwan , Nowak Emmanuel , Siva Aksel , Azevedo Christina J , Cohen Mikael , Leray Emmanuelle
Published: January 2025

Background:

Previous studies have shown that people with multiple sclerosis (MS) had frequent healthcare visits up to 10 years before being diagnosed but with no information from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans of the connection with the radiologically isolated syndrome (RIS).

Objective:

To analyze healthcare use 3 years before the RIS diagnosis.

Methods:

We examined healthcare usage before the first scan in RIS cases from 2010 to 2019. RIS subjects were identified from the French National MS observatory and compared to the general population (matched 10:1) and MS patients (matched 4:1).

Results:

Among 482 RIS individuals, 223 (46.3%) were not linked to the healthcare resources database. The remaining RIS individuals (53.7%) had higher healthcare usage before their RIS diagnosis for issues related to neurology visits, headaches (odds ratio (OR): 3.34, confidence interval (CI): [2.00–5.57], p < 0.0001), and the use of anti-migraine drugs (OR: 2.61, CI: [1.37–4.99], p = 0.004) compared to MS.

Conclusion:

Only about half of RIS patients had MS-selected healthcare resources, which allowed for data linkage. Those who did seek care before their RIS diagnosis were most commonly known for other neurological comorbidities. These findings do not support the idea of a systemic prodrome before RIS diagnosis.
Cross-sectional optimisation of I-shape pultruded FRP beams using search-adaptive micro-population genetic algorithm
Authors: Alhawamdeh Mohammad , Eayal Awwad KY , Al-Marafi Mohammad Nour , Al-Rbaihat Raed , Alrsai Mahmoud
Published: January 2025

Despite the growing utilisation of pultruded fibre-reinforced polymers (PFRP) profiles in infrastructure applications, there is still a scarcity of design tools with a feasible computational cost. Such shortage deprives these profiles of competing with economic cost and optimised performance against other construction materials. This research investigated the numerical optimisation of cross-sectional geometry and anisotropy ratio of I-shape PFRP beams for the design against local buckling of flange under bending and web under transverse compression. A new search-adaptive micro-population genetic algorithm (SA-µP GA) tool was proposed to achieve accurate results with low computational cost. This tool was verified and compared with other GA codes from the literature. The artificial neural networks (ANNs) machine learning tool was used to maximise the use of data and generate practical and economic design charts considering the varying interactions between the design parameters. This optimisation approach represents an efficient design tool to achieve the design requirements of stability, strength, and serviceability (stiffness) limits with minimum cost and optimal structural performance. The optimisation approach was addressed using four case studies from the literature.
Researching public health datasets in the era of deep learning: a systematic literature review
Authors: Obeidat Rand , Alsmadi Izzat , Baker Qanita Bani , Al-Njadat Aseel , Srinivasan Sriram ,   Godswill Ashong,   Ifeanyi Osigwe
Published: January 2025

Objective: Explore deep learning applications in predictive analytics for public health data, identify challenges and trends, and then understand the current landscape. Materials and Methods: A systematic literature review was conducted in June 2023 to search articles on public health data in the context of deep learning, published from the inception of medical and computer science databases through June 2023. The review focused on diverse datasets, abstracting applications, challenges, and advancements in deep learning. Results: 2004 articles were reviewed, identifying 14 disease categories. Observed trends include explainable-AI, patient embedding learning, and integrating different data sources and employing deep learning models in health informatics. Noted challenges were technical reproducibility and handling sensitive data. Discussion: There has been a notable surge in deep learning applications on public health data publications since 2015. Consistent deep learning applications and models continue to be applied across public health data. Despite the wide applications, a standard approach still does not exist for addressing the outstanding challenges and issues in this field. Conclusion: Guidelines are needed for applying deep learning and models in public health data to improve FAIRness, efficiency, transparency, comparability, and interoperability of research. Interdisciplinary collaboration among data scientists, public health experts, and policymakers is needed to harness the full potential of deep learning.
Rural Youth Participation in Youth Justice Research: Towards a Rights-Based Approach
Authors: McEwan Alexandra , Price Luke , Suzuki Masahiro , Pascoe Vicki , Lorenza Linda , Bloomfield Corey , Power Deborah , Stanton Luz
Published: January 2025

This article aims to contribute to youth justice policy making for rural Australia. We use Doel-Mackaway’s rights-based model for the participation of First Nations young people in public decision-making to critically reflect on No Dramas, a participatory action research project conducted in regional Queensland. The project involved young people cocreating community justice and health messages with a creative arts team. On reflection, we conclude that the No Dramas design and implementation supported the realisation of young people’s rights. To achieve a rights-based approach, youth justice research must be approached as a social justice activity in and of itself.
‘He Helped Me Hone Into My Humanity’: A Qualitative Study of Police-Youth Mentoring
Authors: Magidson Mark
Published: January 2025

The division and distrust between law enforcement and young, marginalized populations is an increasing concern throughout the nation. This study examines a national police-youth mentoring program with the potential to foster positive relationships between police and communities. In-depth interviews with 13 police mentors reveal several important impacts of mentoring on participants from 3 regions of the United States. Respondents discussed how mentoring may impact youth development, police–youth relations, crime, and police both personally and professionally. This study also reveals expectations and assumptions shared by police mentors regarding the impacts mentoring relationships could have on youth.
Risk factors associated with complications of palliative drainage of ascites with tunneled peritoneal catheters
Authors: Machnik Domenique , Fischer Sarah , Vetter Marcel , Lamprecht-Bailer Ricarda , Rouse-Merkel Rachel , Klett Daniel , Neurath Markus F. , Strobel Deike , Zundler Sebastian , Haberkamp Sophie
Published: January 2025

Background:

Medically intractable ascites causes substantial distress in patients with palliative disease. Tunneled peritoneal catheters have been established as a feasible treatment option allowing patient-controlled paracentesis in a homecare setting. However, while a range of complications is associated with these drainages, risk factors for complications have not been identified so far.

Objectives:

To explore potential risk factors associated with complications of tunneled peritoneal catheters.

Design:

Retrospective observational cohort study.

Methods:

Single-center cohort comprising 49 patients with palliative disease receiving 57 tunneled peritoneal catheters at a tertiary care hospital.

Results:

Catheter placement was successful in all patients and associated with low numbers of severe complications. Our data suggest a higher risk for severe late complications in patients with benign disease, with drainage replacement, and when performed by less experienced physicians.

Conclusion:

Tunneled peritoneal catheters are an effective and safe option to treat symptomatic ascites in patients with end-stage palliative disease. The indication should be carefully considered in patients with benign disease and after removal or dislocation of a previous catheter.
A 63 year-Old Male With a Painful Subacute Demyelinating Neuropathy
Authors: Blazek Ramsay Audrey , Griffin Kim , Skolka Michael , Toledano Michel , Pinto Marcus V.
Published: January 2025

Subacute, painful weakness is a common problem encountered by neurologists and can be associated with systemic symptoms. The patient presented with 6 weeks of progressive neuropathic pain followed by sensory changes and distal-predominant weakness. This case reviews the broad differential for such a presentation and a comprehensive, stepwise approach to diagnosis. Particular attention is paid to the potentially treatable polyradiculoneuropathies, including more recently recognized immune-mediated etiologies. Through this stepwise approach, we review how a definitive diagnosis was made.
Content Strategies to Improve the Performance of Audio Streaming Services: Focusing on Content Genre and Update Features
Authors: Ham Minjeong , Kwak Kyu Tae , Na Hwaseong , Lee Sang Woo
Published: January 2025

The AuSS market witnessed substantial growth in 2022, with a strong estimated annual expansion from 2023 to 2030. Prominent companies like Amazon, Spotify, and YouTube are intensifying their competition by acquiring smaller firms in the audio content industry. To navigate this intense AuSS market competition, this study aims to categorize AuSS content genres and investigates the impact of content genre and update features on content performance (measured by content usage and subscriber size). Based on econometric analysis, we explore how the relationship between content genre and content performance is influenced by content update features. Empirical data was collected from Naver’s Audioclip, South Korea’s leading internet portal. For the research results, the content performance was different depending on the content genre. The more the regularity and frequency of content updates, the better the content performance. The effect of content update frequency on content performance differed by each content genre. Based on the findings of this study, we suggest the academic and managerial implications for content strategies to enhance the AuSS content performance of related companies.
Perceptions of Indian Students Towards Bullying; Intervention Through Bullying Intervention Module (BIM)
Authors: Singh Shweta , Singh Seema
Published: January 2025

Bullying, a pernicious affliction that indiscriminately afflicts students of all ages and backgrounds, is a scourge that demands our attention. It involves a pattern of conduct whereby one individual is repeatedly targeted for aggression by one or more others, often due to a power imbalance. In response to this pressing issue, the present study endeavored to address bullying among secondary-level students by implementing a Bullying Intervention Module, while also seeking to explore the root causes and consequences of such behavior. The module, which was designed to raise awareness, promote self-reflection, and foster a commitment to new behaviors, was developed with great care and attention to detail. This study was conducted using a mixed-method approach that combined qualitative and quantitative methods. In the quantitative phase of the study, a quasi-experimental pre-test and posttest with a control group design were employed, with a total of 60 students from class 9th, selected purposively. The findings revealed that the intervention had a significant impact on students’ awareness and behavior in relation to bullying. In the qualitative phase of the study, a semi-structured interview schedule was utilized. The results showed that students perceived financial condition, physical appearance, being different from others, enjoyment, violence, revenge, power, and social media use as major causes of bullying, with the consequences including school absenteeism, drop-outs, low academic achievement, anxiety, stress, depression, shyness, aggression, loneliness, and even suicide.
Analyzing the Cohesion and Adaptability of Families of Children with Intellectual Disability Using the FACES-20Esp Scale
Authors: Vela Llauradó Esther , Serrano Fernández Laura , Martín Martínez Laura
Published: January 2025

The impact of disability on families can vary greatly and depends directly on the coping ability of each family system. The purpose of this research is to analyze the functioning of 535 families of children with intellectual disability using the FACES-20Esp scale, identifying different types of families according to the variables of cohesion and adaptability. The results indicate that the style of family functioning can most commonly be classified as mid-range or unbalanced/extreme. Scores for cohesion are largely within the range of balanced; however, in terms of adaptability, the majority of families are considered unbalanced/extreme according to the model. The results of the study suggest there is a pressing need to provide families with strategies to face the challenges of raising and caring for a child with intellectual disability, and establish and maintain a balanced family system.
Facilitators and Barriers of Health Behaviors in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Liu Wenyan , Zhang Qianghuizi , Liu Weiwei
Published: January 2025

Purpose

The purpose of the study was to explore the facilitators and barriers of health behaviors in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D), providing a reference for the development of health behavior interventions programs.

Methods

A qualitative descriptive research design was adopted, and interviews were conducted with 25 patients with T2D. The interview guide was developed based on the health action process approach theory. The interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim. Data analysis was performed using thematic analysis.

Results

Through the analysis of interview data, 2 main themes were identified: facilitators and barriers of health behaviors, comprising 18 subthemes. The facilitators included self-efficacy, outcome expectations, risk perception, intention, action planning, coping planning, emotional regulation, proactive and sustained sense of responsibility, and multidimensional social support. The barriers included insufficient disease awareness, insufficient self-control, impact of social activities, low self-efficacy, accessibility of personal conditions, lack of problem-solving skills, lack of disease management knowledge, lack of social support, and cognitive decline.

Conclusions

When designing health behavior intervention programs for patients with T2D, it is crucial to consider both facilitators and barriers to enhance the effectiveness of the interventions to encourage patients to adopt healthy lifestyles, improve their quality of life, and reduce the occurrence of complications.
Dropping out of a peripartum depression mHealth study: participants’ motives and suggestions for improvement
Authors: Wierenga Hanna , Pagoni Konstantina V. , Skalkidou Alkistis , Papadopoulos Fotios C. , Geusens Femke
Published: January 2025

Background

Peripartum depression is a common but potentially debilitating pregnancy complication. Mobile applications can be used to collect data throughout the pregnancy and postpartum period to improve understanding of early risk indicators.

Aim

This study aimed to improve understanding of why women drop out of a peripartum depression mHealth study, and how we can improve the app design.

Method

Participants who dropped out of the Mom2B study (n = 134) answered closed and open questions on their motives for dropping out of the study, suggestions for improvement, and preferred timeframe of the study. A mix of quantitative and qualitative strategies was used to analyze the responses.

Results

The most common reasons for discontinuation were lack of time, problems with or loss of the pregnancy, the use of other pregnancy applications, surveys being too lengthy, the app draining too much battery, and participants incorrectly believing that their answers were irrelevant for the study. Participants suggested fewer survey moments, more reminders, and a need for more unique content compared to commercially available apps.

Conclusions

Researcher who want to use mHealth designs in peripartum studies need to ensure that their study designs are as time-efficient as possible, remind participants about the study, manage expectations about the study and what is expected of participants throughout the study, design their apps to be attractive in a competitive market, and follow-up with participants who are excluded from the study due to pregnancy complications.
Home oxygen therapy for Thai preterm infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia. What are the predictive factors for successful weaning: a 20-year review
Authors: Grajangdara Vipada , Limrungsikul Anchalee , Coates Allan L. , Kamalaporn Harutai
Published: January 2025

Background

Consequences of lung injury and inflammation in preterm infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) contribute to prolonged oxygen requirements. Home oxygen therapy (HOT) is an alternative way of respiratory support in infant with BPD. However, there is no consensus on weaning guidelines. Our objective is to identify the median age of HOT discontinuation and the factors that might predict the duration of HOT in a resource poor country.

Methods

All preterm (≤ 36 weeks’ gestation) infants diagnosed with BPD who required HOT after discharged from Ramathibodi Hospital during January 2000 – December 2019 comprised this retrospective study. Timing of HOT withdrawal was identified. Demographic data, severity of BPD, maternal condition, respiratory support, comorbidities, complications, and growth were recorded and analyzed as factors associated of home oxygen withdrawal.

Results

Of 8581 preterm infants born during the 20-year period, 563 (6.6%) had BPD. Among 40 infants treated with HOT, 18 (45%) were successfully weaned from oxygen within 12 months. The median corrected age (CA) of oxygen withdrawal was 13.8 months (8.5, 22.1). Longer duration of total respiratory support, longer length of hospital stay and poor growth determined by weight, length and head circumference were associated with longer duration of HOT. Greater weight gain was associated with a shorter duration of HOT at 12 months CA (adjusted OR, 1.97; 95% CI, 1.13–3.23; p = 0.015).

Conclusions

The median corrected age of oxygen withdrawal in Thai BPD infants was 13.8 months. Severe BPD and poor linear growth were associated with prolonged HOT.
A prospective multi-site study to evaluate the performance and usability of an oral fluid-based HIV self-test in Canada
Authors: Galli Richard A. , Maraj Darshanand , McBain Kristin , Lo Hog Tian Jason M. , McFarland Abbey , Tharao Wangari , Nkala Nontobeko P. , Chan Arlene , da Silva Mark , Thomas Rejean , Vassal Anne-Fanny , Lepage Martin , Ireland Laurie , Payne Mike , Starr Jared , Fraser Chris , Selfridge Marion , Loutfy Mona , Halpenny Roberta , Jeyarajah Nirubini , Tran Vanessa , Mazzulli Tony , Rourke Sean B.
Published: January 2025

Background

Blood and oral fluid-based HIV self-tests are important for reaching the undiagnosed living with HIV. The study objectives were to evaluate the oral fluid-based OraQuick® HIV Self-Test (HIV-ST) performance in comparison to laboratory reference testing; determine if laypersons can correctly perform the HIV-ST; document if intended users can successfully interpret pre-made contrived positive, negative, and invalid results; and document if intended users can understand the key messages in the product labeling.

Methods

This prospective study enrolled consenting adult intended users of HIV self-testing from six community health centres in four Canadian provinces between June 2022 and January 2024. Positive and negative agreement was determined by comparing the results of the HIV self-tests with the results of the laboratory-based “gold standard” Abbott Alinity HIV Antigen/Antibody Combo test. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize usability self-test procedure steps.

Results

Overall, 951 participants were recruited and consented with 911 available for all analyses. With respect to sociodemographics: 84% of participants were between 18–45 years of age, 73% had at least a college education, 48% were Cis-male, 45% were employed; and 26% identified as White, 23% as African, Caribbean or Black, 5% as Indigenous [First Nations, Métis or Inuit], 33% as Asian, and 6% as LatinX. Primary efficacy analysis on the 911 who completed HIV-ST revealed a single confirmed positive participant and a negative percent agreement of 100% (880/880, 95% CI: 99.9–100%) with the comparator method. For usability determination, the average success rate for “critical” steps for completing the test was 94.1%. Approximately 97% of participants found the instructions easy to follow and 98% of participants reported they would use the test again. Of the 465 participants who interpreted the strong positive, weak positive, negative, and invalid pre-made contrived results, the average of correct interpretations ranged from 59–97%

Conclusions

A licensed oral fluid-based HIV self-test in Canada can present an accurate, easy-to-use, and less invasive alternative to blood-based HIV testing. The addition of an oral-fluid self-test along with the current licensed blood-based HIV self-test could help reach the undiagnosed with HIV in Canada and positively impact HIV testing rates overall by offering individuals a choice of self-testing devices.
Levatorplasty’s role in rectal prolapse management for patients with wide pelvic hiatus: a cohort study
Authors: Elbarmelgi Mohamed Yehia , Shafik Ali Ahmed , Badee Shady Fathy , Mohamed Osama Refaie , Tamer Mohamed
Published: January 2025

Background and aims

Rectal prolapse (RP) is a debilitating condition and can cause symptoms of fecal incontinence, obstructed defecation, incomplete evacuation of the rectum, and pain. In recent years, there has been increasing evidence that prolapse development is strongly associated with pelvic hiatus (GH) size (normal 4.5 +/- 0.7). Multiple surgical studies have suggested that an enlarged pelvic hiatus may be associated with prolapse recurrence. The main aim of this study is to assess the role of combining levatorplasty -with different rectal prolapse surgeries- on recurrence rate and improvement of symptoms in patients that were treated for rectal prolapse with wide pelvic hiatus.

Patients and methods

Our study is a combined retrospective and prospective cohort study which included sixty patients with rectal prolapse with wide pelvic hiatus, they were divided into two groups (each group thirty patients). One group underwent rectal prolapse repair, the other group underwent rectal prolapse repair with levatorplasty.

Results

Levatorplasty group showed improvement in Wexner score, recurrence rate in comparison to the other group. Both groups showed similar results in postoperative pain and dyspareunia.

Conclusion

Rectal prolapse repair combined with levatorplasty in patients complaining of rectal prolapse with wide pelvic hiatus have better outcome mainly in decreasing recurrence rate.
Efficacy of non -thermal pressure plasma versus other modalities for disinfection of primary root canals
Authors: El Shishiny Shaymaa A. , Morad Yomna O. , Hindi Rania I. , El-Motasem Amina M. , El Sheshiny Asmaa A. , Alramady Dalia M. , Samy Amira M.
Published: January 2025

Background

Endodontic treatment aims in the preservation of extremely carious primary teeth. For root canal therapy to be successful, root canals must be properly prepared and effectively irrigated .Therefore, it is necessary to select the proper root canal disinfection method to preserve the primary tooth.

Objective

This research was carried out to compare non-thermal pressure plasma (NTPP), diode laser, propolis, and chlorhexidine (CHX) efficacy for disinfection of deciduous anterior root canals contaminated with Enterococcus Faecalis (E. faecalis) after sterilization by gamma radiation.

Methods

In this study, forty extracted single-rooted primary anterior teeth were used. All teeth were cleaned, disinfected, and stored till use. Gaining access was provided till reaching the orifices of canals, all pulp tissue debris was removed, and root canals of all teeth were prepared. Standardized 8 mm root length was obtained through crown decronation below the cemento-enamel junction. Samples were sterilized by gamma radiation then the bacterial suspension was inoculated inside root canals. Specimens divided into four main groups; ten samples each group. Group I: Samples irrigated with chlorhexidine. Group II: Samples treated with diode laser. Group III: Samples irrigated with Ethanolic extract of propolis. Group IV: Samples treated with NTPP.

Results

A significant difference was found between values measured before and after four irrigation types (p < 0.001) for CHX, Diode Laser, NTPP and (P = 0.035) for Propolis. The highest values of colony reduction measured before and after irrigation were for NTPP (4.06 ± 0.88). Maximum reduction in colony-forming units was recorded in the NTPP group (98.79%), while the lowest reduction in colony-forming units was recorded in Propolis group (81.99%).

Conclusion

All tested methods (CHX, NTPP, Diode laser and Propolis) decreased colony count, with the highest reduction noted in group treated by NTPP and the least reduction noticed in Propolis treated group.
Chromogenic bacterial staining of teeth: a scoping review
Authors: Kumar Mathangi , Madi Medhini , Vineetha Ravindranath , Gopinath Divya
Published: January 2025

Background

The purpose of this scoping review is to understand the etiological, clinical characteristics and treatment of chromogenic staining of teeth and the various management strategies reported in literature. This SR was performed in accordance with the PRISMA 2022 guidelines and was registered in the PROSPERO database (CRD42024565446).

Methods

A systematic electronic search on databases like Scopus, Medline, EMBASE, CINAHL, ProQuest and Web of Science from inception to July 2024 was performed. Two independent reviewers ran the search strategy in the mentioned databases.

Results

A total of 989 articles were obtained from various databases. 21 were included for data extraction of which 2 were case reports, 1 was case series and 18 were research articles. The prevalence of staining due to chromogenic bacteria reported from the included studies ranged from 3.1 to 18.5%. All these studies reported on the typical black color of staining of teeth.

Conclusion

This scoping review reveals sparsity in existing literature regarding the etiological, clinical characteristics and management of chromogenic staining of teeth. Though the role of peculiar oral microbiota is well established, evidence regarding the management strategies to combat these recalcitrant staining remains a strong research question.
Identifying the mentorship needs among faculty in a large department of psychiatry- support for the creation of a formal mentorship program
Authors: Esplen Mary Jane , Fiksenbaum Lisa M. , Lin Elizabeth , Darani Shaheen A. , Teshima John , Vigod Simone N. , Kozloff Nicole , Szatmari Peter , Lanctôt Krista L. , Ho Certina , Silver Ivan , Soklaridis Sophie , Wong Jiahui
Published: January 2025

Background

Study aims were to assess the current state and needs of faculty to inform the design of a formal mentorship program in a large academic Department of Psychiatry.

Methods

A 57- item self-administered online survey questionnaire was distributed to all faculty members.

Results

225 faculty members completed the survey (24%). 68% of respondents had a mentor and reported high satisfaction (mean = 4.3, SD = 1.05) (range 1 to 5). Among those respondents lacking access to mentorship, 65% expressed interest. Open-ended questions indicated that international medical graduates, faculty identifying as minority, women and clinician teachers may lack access to mentorship. PhD faculty felt disadvantaged compared to MD faculty in gaining first authorship (MNon−MD=1.64 ± 0.79 vs. MMD=1.36 ± 0.67; t = 2.51, p = .013); reported more authorship disputes (MNon−MD =1.99 ± 0.91 vs. MMD =1.66 ± 0.76; t = 2.63 p = .009) and experienced questionable scientific integrity concerning colleagues (MNon−MD =2.01 ± 0.92 vs. MMD =1.70 ± 0.81; t = 2.42 p = .017). For both MD and PhD faculty, women were significantly more likely to experience authorship disputes (χ2(2) = 8.67, p = .013). The department was perceived as treating faculty with respect (72% agreed) with 54% agreeing that it embraces diversity (54%). Identified benefits to mentorship included receiving advice about academic promotion, opportunities for career advancement, advocacy, and advice as a researcher, teacher or clinician. Only 26% of mentors received formal training to support their role; 59% expressed interest in education. Respondents supported a more formal, accessible, inclusive program, with training, tools, and a matching strategy based on mentee preferences.

Conclusions

Challenges and inequities were identified with the department’s current ad hoc approach to mentorship. A limitation of the study was the response rate, while similar to response rates of other physician surveys, raises the potential for response bias. In comparing study participants to the department, the sample appeared to provide a fair representation. The study has implications for identifying the need and design of more formal mentorship programs in academic medicine.
Assessment of a new protocol strategy to control the ectoparasitic infestation in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) using efficient natural products
Authors: Hanna Magdy I. , EL Sayed Aya T. , El Megeed Ola Hasan Abd , Ibrahim Marwa A. , Korany Reda M. S. , Attia Marwa M.
Published: January 2025

This study aimed to evaluate alternative in vivo treatment trials using natural products for ectoparasitic infestation on Nile tilapia; these two products were not previously used in the treatment of parasitic fish diseases. So, a total of 400 Oreochromis niloticus (O. niloticus) fish measured 10–15 cm in length; 350 from a fish farm in (Kafr Elsheikh and 50 from Nile River (Al Bahr Al Aazam), Egypt. The examined fishes were 10–15 ± 0.5 cm long and weighed from 45 g ± 5. The collected fish were examined for different clinical abnormalities. Each part of the fish underwent a careful microscopic examination of mucous surrounding the skin; gills and fins. Two feed supplements were used experimentally to decrease mortality and treat fish against ectoparasites (Herb-All PARA-X® and Herb-All CALM®). Total mRNA was extracted from the gills of different examined groups. Glucose; nitric oxide; cortisol as well as lysozyme activity were assessed in all groups. The gills of the examined fish were collected for histopathological examination. Only, Dactyolgyrus sp. was recovered. The intensity of the parasite was counted per microscopic field. The treated groups showed low levels of the parameters compared to the control positive group. Up-regulation of both Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF- α) and heat shock protein 70 (hsp-70) were detected in fins, gills, and skin in the infested tilapia. The treatment and prophylaxis significantly downregulated both genes in the studied organ in a dose-dependent manner. Recorded lesions which were scored according to their severity. In conclusion; following the use of those products, fish health has been greatly improved and that is indicated by findings of immune reactions as well as histopathology.
Enhancing newborn screening sensitivity and specificity for missed NICCD using selected amino acids and acylcarnitines
Authors: Wang Peiyao , Hu Lingwei , Chen Yuhe , Zhou Duo , Zhu Shasha , Zhang Ting , Cen Ziyan , He Qimin , Wu Benqing , Huang Xinwen
Published: January 2025

Purpose

To enhance the detection rate of Neonatal Intrahepatic Cholestasis caused by Citrin Deficiency (NICCD) through newborn screening (NBS), we analyzed the metabolic profiles of missed patients and proposed a more reliable method for early diagnosis.

Methods

In this retrospective study, NICCD patients were classified into “Newborn Screening” (64 individuals) and “Missed Screening” (52 individuals) groups. Metabolic profiles were analyzed using the non-derivatized MS/MS Kit, and genetic mutations were identified via next-generation sequencing and confirmed by Sanger sequencing. Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) analysis evaluated the predictive value of amino acids and acylcarnitines in dried blood spots (DBS) for identifying missed patients including 40 missed patients and 17,269 healthy individuals, with additional validation using 12 missed patients and 454 healthy controls.

Results

The age of diagnosis was significantly higher in the “Missed Screening” group compared to the “Newborn Screening” group (74.50 vs. 18.00 days, P < 0.001). ROC analysis revealed that citrulline had excellent diagnostic accuracy for missed patients, with an AUC of 0.970 and a cut-off value of 17.57 µmol/L. Additionally, glycine, phenylalanine, ornithine, and C8 were significant markers, each with an AUC greater than 0.70. A combination of these markers achieved an AUC of 0.996 with a cut-off value of 0.00195. Validation demonstrated a true positive rate of 91.67% and a true negative rate of 96.48%. Common SLC25A13 mutations in both groups were c.852_855del, IVS16ins3kb, and c.615 + 5G > A.

Conclusions

Combining multiple metabolic markers during NBS significantly improves sensitivity and specificity for detecting missed NICCD cases. However, the relationship between genetic mutations and missed cases remains unclear.