bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A survey of lifestyle factors in dystonia
Authors: Söderlund Jacob , Nyholm Dag
Published: October 2020

Background

Knowledge about what causes dystonia is highly incomplete, especially about the impact of nongenetic factors.

Aims of the Study

This cross‐sectional survey‐based explorative study examined different nongenetic factors in patients with dystonia.

Methods

Information from both medical records and a questionnaire was collected. In total, 220 patients with dystonia were identified, of which 51 participated in the survey.

Results

Women had a higher prevalence for cervical dystonia than men. Smoking was approximately twice as common in our studied population compared to the general Swedish population. Significantly more men than women met the criteria for low level of physical activity, yet the proportion of missing data was high in this category.

Conclusions

Conclusions on causality cannot be drawn in this preliminary study, further research is encouraged regarding the link between smoking and dystonia.
Directed Evolution of a Cp*RhIII‐Linked Biohybrid Catalyst Based on a Screening Platform with Affinity Purification
Authors: Kato Shunsuke , Onoda Akira , Taniguchi Naomasa , Schwaneberg Ulrich , Hayashi Takashi
Published: October 2020

Directed evolution of Cp*RhIII‐linked nitrobindin (NB), a biohybrid catalyst, was performed based on an in vitro screening approach. A key aspect of this effort was the establishment of a high‐throughput screening (HTS) platform that involves an affinity purification step employing a starch‐agarose resin for a maltose binding protein (MBP) tag. The HTS platform enables efficient preparation of the purified MBP‐tagged biohybrid catalysts in a 96‐well format and eliminates background influence of the host E. coli cells. Three rounds of directed evolution and screening of more than 4000 clones yielded a Cp*RhIII‐linked NB(T98H/L100K/K127E) variant with a 4.9‐fold enhanced activity for the cycloaddition of acetophenone oximes with alkynes. It is confirmed that this HTS platform for directed evolution provides an efficient strategy for generating highly active biohybrid catalysts incorporating a synthetic metal cofactor.
Concentration‐Dependent Interactions of Amphiphilic PiB Derivative Metal Complexes with Amyloid Peptides Aβ and Amylin**
Authors: Majdoub Saida , Garda Zoltán , Oliveira Alexandre C. , Relich Inga , Pallier Agnès , Lacerda Sara , Hureau Christelle , Geraldes Carlos F. G. C. , Morfin Jean‐François , Tóth Éva
Published: October 2020

Metal chelates targeted to amyloid peptides are widely explored as diagnostic tools or therapeutic agents. The attachment of a metal complex to amyloid recognition units typically leads to a decrease in peptide affinity. We show here that by separating a macrocyclic GdL chelate and a PiB targeting unit with a long hydrophobic C10 linker, it is possible to attain nanomolar affinities for both Aβ1‐40 (Kd=4.4 nm) and amylin (Kd=4.5 nm), implicated, respectively in Alzheimer's disease and diabetes. The Scatchard analysis of surface plasmon resonance data obtained for a series of amphiphilic, PiB derivative GdL complexes indicate that their Aβ1‐40 or amylin binding affinity varies with their concentration, thus micellar aggregation state. The GdL chelates also affect peptide aggregation kinetics, as probed by thioflavin‐T fluorescence assays. A 2D NMR study allowed identifying that the hydrophilic region of Aβ1‐40 is involved in the interaction between the monomer peptide and the Gd3+ complex. Finally, ex vivo biodistribution experiments were conducted in healthy mice by using 111In labeled analogues. Their pancreatic uptake, ∼3 %ID g−1, is promising to envisage amylin imaging in diabetic animals.
Guest Recognition Control Accompanied by Stepwise Gate Closing and Opening of a Macrocyclic Metallohost
Authors: Sakata Yoko , Okada Masahiro , Akine Shigehisa
Published: October 2020

Host–guest binding behavior of macrocyclic hosts is significantly influenced by the shapes and sizes of the hosts. In particular, closing/opening the apertures of the hosts controls the guest uptake/release. A post‐metalation modification method was used to achieve the open/close conversions. The starting open complex, [LCo2(pip)4](OTf)2, was efficiently converted to the closed complex, [LCo2(hda)2](OTf)2, which has a doubly bridged structure. The conversion of this closed complex to the open complex [LCo2(hda)2(OAc)]+ was too slow to be completed, but this gate‐opening was dramatically accelerated by the addition of Na+. The Na+ binding was also significantly enhanced by the gate‐opening, that is, conversion of [LCo2(hda)2]2+ to [LCo2(hda)2(OAc)]+.
Breast metastasis from medullary thyroid carcinoma mimicking ductal carcinoma with neuroendocrine differentiation
Authors: Laforga Juan B. , Dominguez Eva , Aranda Francisco Ignacio
Published: October 2020

Background

Medullary thyroid carcinoma very rarely metastasizes to the breast. Hematogenous spread to the liver, lungs, or mediastinum is more common.

Case

We describe the morphologic and immunohistochemical features of a 63‐year‐old woman who presented with a BIRADS‐5 category nodule in the right breast and enlarged axillary lymph nodes. Core biopsy showed suggested breast cancer with neuroendocrine or apocrine differentiation. The immunohistochemical profile showed (RE−/RP−/HER‐2−) and Ki67 10%. Chromogranin and synaptophysin were positive; AR and GCDFP‐15 were negative. On reviewing the patient's clinical history, it was discovered that she had been treated for medullary thyroid carcinoma 15 years earlier. Additional stains showed positivity for TTF‐1, CEA, and calcitonin. These findings were consistent with a diagnosis of breast metastasis from medullary thyroid carcinoma. We discuss briefly the morphologic features and the possible key features in order to make an accurate diagnosis.

Conclusion

This case highlights the importance of investigating a history of cancer in patients with discordant or unusual histologic or immunohistochemical findings, as this can help avoid misdiagnosis and inappropriate treatment.
Lingual alveolar soft part sarcoma with absent TFE3 rearrangement
Authors: Alshahrani Saeed , Khan Abdullatif
Published: October 2020

Background

Lingual ASPS is extremely rare and aggressive tumor. rearrangement is typically detected in ASPS patients using FISH analysis.

Aim

To present the clinical, histopathological, and radiological features of lingual Alveolar Soft Part Sarcoma.

Method

A 30‐year‐old male presented with a painless, slowly growing mass of the tongue. Initial impression was of benign vascular lesion. Later, the patient became symptomatic as the mass progressed in size, which necessitated further investigations.

Result

A lip‐split, mandibulotomy was performed for the excision of the tumor and revealed an alveolar soft part sarcoma with PAS‐positive, diastase resistant intracytoplasmic granules. However, molecular analysis using FISH was negative for TFE3 rearrangement. Patient underwent partial glossectomy with postoperative radiotherapy.

Conclusion

Clinical and pathological correlation of ASPS is very useful to reach a proper diagnosis.
Timeliness of cancer care in a regional Victorian health service: A comparison of high‐volume (Lung) and low‐volume (oesophagogastric) tumour streams
Authors: Kabwe Mwila , Robinson Amanda , Shethia Yachna , Parker Carol , Blum Robert , Solo Ilana , Leach Michael
Published: October 2020

Background

Timeliness of cancer care is vital for improved survival and quality of life of patients. Service and care centralisation at larger‐volume centres has been associated with improved outcomes. However, there is a lack of systematic data on the impact of tumour stream volume on timeliness of care.

Aims

To investigate and compare timeliness of care for lung cancer, a high‐volume (more commonly diagnosed) tumour stream, and oesophagogastric (OG) cancer, a low‐volume (less commonly diagnosed) tumour stream, at a regional health service in Victoria, Australia.

Methods

A retrospective cohort study comprising random samples of 75 people newly diagnosed with lung cancer (International Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems‐10 [ICD‐10] diagnosis codes C34 in the Victorian Cancer Registry [VCR]) and 50 people newly diagnosed with OG cancer (ICD‐10 diagnosis codes C15 or C16 in VCR) at one regional Victorian health service between 2016 and 2017. Binary logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for associations between patient factors and suboptimal timeliness of care.

Results

In comparison to OG cancer patients, lung cancer patients had reduced odds of suboptimal timeliness of care in reference to times outside OCP for referral to diagnosis (OR [95% CI] = 0.34 [0.14 to 0.83]) but increased odds of suboptimal timeliness for diagnosis to treatment (OR [95% CI] = 2.48 [1.01 to 6.09]).

Conclusion

In the low‐volume OG cancer stream, patients had longer wait times from referral to an MDM, where treatment decisions occur, but shorter time to commencement of first treatment. Conversely in the high‐volume lung cancer group, there was delayed initiation of first treatment following presentation at MDM. There is need to explore ways to fast‐track MDM presentation and commencement of therapy among people diagnosed with low‐volume and high‐volume cancers, respectively.
Being responsible for someone else: a shared duty for parents and heart failure specialists during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Mapelli Massimo
Published: October 2020

A pandemic by a novel coronavirus disease (COVID‐19) has been declared by the World Health Organization. Lombardy, the region of our tertiary referral centre for heart diseases in Northern Italy, has been particularly hit by the pandemic. According to the government's prescriptions, all elective activities and procedures in the last months were suspended in order to concentrate our efforts on COVID‐19 patients' care. Entire departments have been turned into ‘COVID‐19 units’, where healthcare professionals are daily involved in supporting critically ill patients.

On a personal level, this was a period of special feelings and peculiar unexpected events. People close to healthcare workers have been affected, and our lives have been turned upside down. Furthermore, right in this period, few colleagues (and friends) are facing entirely new events in their lives, such as fatherhood with its load of joy and concern.

Through the case of a young woman recently admitted to our department with a severe heart failure due to a peripartum cardiomyopathy, described in narrative form, this manuscript would help all those involved in the front line in the fight against the pandemic in these difficult times.
Silyl Cations Stabilized by Pincer Type Ligands with Adjustable Donor Atoms
Authors: Denhof Andreas , Olaru Marian , Lork Enno , Mebs Stefan , Chęcińska Lilianna , Beckmann Jens
Published: October 2020

Novel E,C,E'‐pincer supported silyl cations (E, E' = O, S, Se, Au) were prepared in three steps starting from 2,6‐F2C6H3SiMe2H (1a) and 2,6‐Br2C6H3SiMe2H (1b), which were first converted in two complementary ways into 2,6‐(Ph2P)2C6H3SiMe2H (2). The oxidation of 2 with H2O2·urea, S8, and Se8 afforded 2,6‐(Ph2PE)2C6H3SiMe2H (3a, E = O; 3b, E = S; 3c, E = Se) and 2‐(Ph2PE)‐6‐(Ph2P)‐C6H3SiMe2H (4b, E = S; 4c, E = Se), which were reacted to the E,C,E‐supported silyl cations [2,6‐(Ph2PE)2C6H3SiMe2]+ (5a, E = O, counterion Br3–; 5b, E = S, counterion B(C6F5)4–; 5c, E = Se, counterion B(C6F5)4–), the E,C‐supported silyl cations [2‐(Ph2PE)‐6‐(Ph2P)C6H3SiMe2]+ (6b, E = S, not isolated; 6c, E = Se, not isolated), the O,C,S‐supported silyl cation [2‐(Ph2PS)‐6‐(Ph2PO)C6H3SiMe2]+ (7, counterion B(C6F5)4–) as well as the E,C,Au‐supported silyl cations [2‐(Ph2PAuC6F5)‐6‐(Ph2PE)C6H3SiMe2]+ (8b, E = S, counterion [B{3,5‐(CF3)2C6H3}4]–; 8c, E = Se, [B{3,5‐(CF3)2C6H3}4]–) using Br2, O2, S8, (tht)AuC6F5, Ph3C[B(C6F5)4] and Ph3C[B{3,5‐(CF3)2C6H3}4]. All compounds were characterized by multinuclear (1H, 13C, 19F, 29Si, 31P, 77Se) NMR spectroscopy, ESI MS spectrometry and X‐ray crystallography (2, 3a·H2O, 3b, 3c, 4b, 5a, 5c, 7, 8b, 8c). The gas phase structures of 2, 3a–c, 5a–c (fully optimized) and 8b, 8c (single‐point calculations) were studied at the B3PW91/6‐311+G(2df,p) level of theory. A set of real‐space bonding indicators (RSBIs) derived from the theoretically calculated electron and pair densities were analyzed utilizing the atoms‐in molecules (AIM) and electron‐localizability indicator (ELI‐D) space partitioning schemes.
Conformationally Restricted Oxazolidin‐2‐one Fused Bicyclic Iminosugars as Potential Glycosidase Inhibitors
Authors: Domingues Maria , Jaszczyk Justyna , Ismael Maria Isabel , Figueiredo José Albertino , Daniellou Richard , Lafite Pierre , Schuler Marie , Tatibouët Arnaud
Published: October 2020

The synthesis of fused bicyclic oxazolidin‐2‐one (OZO) iminosugars was achieved through a tandem Staudinger reduction/retro‐Michael/intramolecular Michael addition from the corresponding OZO azidosugars. Those precursors, based on both aldopentofuranoses and ketofuranohexoses backbones, were obtained following alkylation and oxidation of the related oxazolidine‐2‐thione (OZT) azidosugars. Eight OZO based iminosugars were isolated in good yields and evaluated for their potency as glycosidases inhibitors, thus extending the family of known 1‐Deoxynojirimycin (DNJ) bicyclic analogues.
One‐Pot Transfer Hydrogenation Reductive Amination of Aldehydes and Ketones by Iridium Complexes “on Water”
Authors: Ouyang Lu , Xia Yanping , Liao Jianhua , Luo Renshi
Published: October 2020

An efficient and practical one‐pot transfer hydrogenation reductive amination of aldehydes and ketones with amines has been developed by using iridium complexes as catalysts and formic acid as hydrogen source in aqueous solution, providing an environmentally friendly methodology for the construction of a wide range of functionalized amine compounds in excellent yields (≈ 80 %‐95 %). This effective methodology can be scaled up to gram scale with 0.1 mol‐% catalyst loading and also be employed in the synthesis of medical substances such as Meclizine.
A vegetable oil–based biopesticide with ovicidal activity against the two‐spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch
Authors: Takeda Naoki , Takata Ayumi , Arai Yuka , Sasaya Kazuhiro , Noyama Shimpei , Wakisaka Shigekazu , Ghazy Noureldin Abuelfadl , Voigt Dagmar , Suzuki Takeshi
Published: October 2020

A recently developed biopesticide made of safflower and cottonseed oils has excellent ovicidal activity against the hard‐to‐control spider mite Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae). It has attracted attention as a sustainable treatment for controlling T. urticae because it has low potential for promoting resistance and little effect on the predatory mite Neoseiulus californicus (McGregor) (Acari: Phytoseiidae), which is an important natural enemy of spider mites. Here, we investigated the mechanism of its ovicidal activity against T. urticae. The oil droplets in the oil‐in‐water emulsion of the biopesticide strongly adhered to T. urticae eggs, seeped through the chorion being cut during hatching, and inhibited the embryonic rotational movement necessary for cutting and hatching. No adverse effect was observed on N. californicus eggs even in undiluted biopesticide. We conclude that this biopesticide and N. californicus can be used simultaneously in the integrated management of T. urticae in oily biopesticide‐tolerant plant species.
Rohtang Tunnel – NATM in the Indian Himalayas
Authors: Reichenspurner Peter , Riedel Thomas
Published: October 2020

The 8,900 m long Rohtang Tunnel lies in the Indian Himalayas north of the Manali tourist region. It avoids the dangerous route over the Rohtang Pass, which is at an elevation of almost 4,000 m, shortening the Manali‐Leh Highway by approx. 50 km and enabling access to the northern regions of the state of Himachal Pradesh and onto Jammu and Kashmir even during the winter.

It was envisaged that the tunnel would be driven from two sides by drilling and blasting. The horseshoe‐shaped cross‐section with an excavation diameter of more than 13 m carries two lanes of vehicle traffic, two footpaths and an emergency egress beneath the carriageway.

In addition to the extreme conditions that were a feature of this project – portals at an altitude of over 3,000 m, with corresponding severe winters, avalanches and mudslides, etc. – the NATM was also driven to its limits. Friable soils instead of blast rock, water ingress in excess of 250 l/s, high rock pressure with extreme deformations and rapid changes in rock formations presented major challenges to all involved. Tunnelling operations are now nearing completion and the road tunnel will be open to traffic later this year.
Early Miocene micropalaeontological record of the Aspiras Basin (Kastamonu), north‐west Anatolia, Turkey
Authors: Durak Sariye Duygu , Akkiraz Mehmet Serkan , Nazik Atike
Published: October 2020

This study presents the micropalaeontological data (palynomorphs and ostracods) including index taxa to assign a precise age, and the palaeoecological evolution of the Aspiras Basin, south‐east Kastamonu, northern Anatolia. The succession may informally be divided into a lower part including rich lignites interbedded with fine‐grained sediments and an upper part which comprises lignite‐free deposits such as mudrocks with dense gypsum and rare limestones. The sediments of the lower part were deposited in a wetland (i.e. peat‐forming environment) showing oscillations of the lake level, whereas the upper part indicates the shoaling or closing phase of the lake. Early Miocene age is assigned to the Aspiras Basin due to the presence of index taxa such as Leiotriletes maximus, Dicolpopollis kockelii, Intratriporopollenites instructus, Caryapollenites simplex, and ostracods Pseudocandona praecox and Potamocypris gracilis. Moreover, a new species of ostracod, Heterocypris aspirasensis, has been discovered. In the lowermost part of the succession, palynomorph spectra are dominated by spores such as Leiotriletes maxoides, L. maximus, and Verrutacosporites alienus while diverse pollen types, notably conifer pollen, attain high abundances further up in the succession. In the forested environment, the mixed mesophytic plants were less diverse. Low quantities of herbaceous taxa such as Ephedra sp., Poaceae, Amaranthaceae, Asteraceae‐Asteroideae, and Asteraceae‐Cichorioideae indicate the limited occurrence of open areas. During the Early Miocene, a warm and moist climate prevailed according to quantitative palaeoclimate data and the presence of the mega‐mesothermic taxa such as Taxodioideae, Mastixiaceae, Engelhardia, Sapotaceae, and Calamus.
Full percutaneous intraoperative neuromonitoring technique in remote thyroid surgery: Porcine model feasibility study
Authors: Huang Tzu‐Yen , Lin Yi‐Chu , Tseng Hsin‐Yi , Kim Hoon Yub , Dionigi Gianlorenzo , Lu I‐Cheng , Chang Pi‐Ying , Chiang Feng‐Yu , Wu Che‐Wei
Published: October 2020

Background

In remote thyroid surgery, a reliable intraoperative neuromonitoring (IONM) procedure is an important tool for reducing injury to recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN). This study proposes an alternative or adjunct technique for performing full percutaneous (PC) IONM and confirms its feasibility in animal experiments.

Methods

This prospective porcine model study enrolled four piglets with eight nerve sides. Evoked electromyography (EMG) was stimulated from PC ball‐tip probe, and recorded from EMG endotracheal tube (ETT) and from PC paired long‐needle electrodes on the perichondrium of the lateral aspect of thyroid cartilage.

Results

In all RLNs and vagus nerves, typical laryngeal EMG waveforms were successfully evoked by PC probe stimulation and recorded by both ETT and PC needle electrodes.

Conclusions

This study confirms the feasibility of the full PC IONM techniques in porcine model. However, further clinical studies are needed to compare the practicality of different remote‐access approaches for thyroid surgery.
Laser‐assisted targeted gene delivery to degenerated retina improves retinal function
Authors: Batabyal Subrata , Kim Sanghoon , Wright Weldon , Mohanty Samarendra
Published: October 2020

Delivery of therapeutic genes into retina is proving to reverse degeneration and restore vision, however, viral vector‐based gene delivery is prone to immunorejection, inflammatory/immune‐response and nontargeted. Here, we report nonviral gene delivery and expression of opsin encoding genes in mouse retina in‐vitro and in‐vivo by use of pulsed femtosecond laser microbeam. In‐vitro patch‐clamp recording of the opsin‐sensitized retinal cells and visually evoked in‐vivo electrical recording from laser‐transfected eye of mouse with degenerated retina showed functional response. The ultrafast laser‐based naked gene delivery showed minimal damage and reliable expression of therapeutic opsin in cell membrane of the selected cells and in targeted retinal region. Laser‐based “naked DNA gene therapy” in a spatially targeted manner will pave the way for treatment of inherited retinal diseases.
Undergraduate engineering students' perceptions of research and researchers
Authors: Faber Courtney J. , Kajfez Rachel L. , McAlister Anne M. , Ehlert Katherine M. , Lee Dennis M. , Kennedy Marian S. , Benson Lisa C.
Published: October 2020

Background

Participating in undergraduate research experiences (UREs) supports the development of engineering students' technical and professional skills. However, little is known about the perceptions of research or researchers that students develop through these experiences. Understanding these perceptions will provide insight into how students come to understand knowledge evaluation and creation, while allowing research advisors to better support student development.

Purpose

In this paper, we explore how undergraduate engineering students perceive what it means to do research and be a researcher, using identity and epistemic cognition as sensitizing concepts. Our goal is to explore students' views of UREs to make the benefits of these experiences more accessible.

Design/Method

We created and adapted open‐ended survey items from previously published studies. We collected responses from mechanical and biomedical engineering undergraduates at five institutions (n= 154) and used an inductive approach to analyze responses.

Results

We developed four salient themes from our analysis: (a) research results in discovery, (b) research includes dissemination such as authorship, (c) research findings are integrated into society, and (d) researchers demonstrate self‐regulation.

Conclusions

The four themes highlight factors that students perceive as part of a researcher identity and aspects of epistemic cognition in the context of UREs. These results suggest structuring UREs to provide opportunities for discovery, dissemination, societal impact, and self‐regulation will help support students in their development as researchers.
Synthesis, Characterization and Optoelectronic Property of Axial‐Substituted Subphthalocyanines
Authors: Li Zhuo , Wang Bing , Zhang Bingbing , Cui Guoyi , Zhang Fenyan , Xu Long , Jiao Linyu , Pang Lingyan , Ma Xiaoxun
Published: October 2020

Two novel substituted subphthalocyanines have been prepared introducing m‐hydroxybenzoic acid and m‐hydroxyphenylacetic acid into the axial position of bromo‐subphthalocyanine. The compounds have been characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FT‐IR), Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) and single‐crystal X‐rays diffraction (XRD) methods. Their photophysical properties show that the axial substitution results into a relatively higher fluorescence quantum efficiency (ΦF=5.74 for m‐hydroxybenzoic acid and 9.09 % for m‐hydroxyphenylacetic acid) in comparison with that of the prototype compound, despite the almost negligible influence on the maximum absorption or the emission position. Moreover, the electrochemical behaviors show that the axial‐substituted subphthalocyanines also exhibit enhanced specific capacitances of 395 F/g (m‐hydroxybenzoic acid) and 362 F/g (m‐hydroxyphenylacetic acid) compared with 342 F/g (the prototype) to the largest capacitance at the scan rate of 5 mV/s, and the significantly larger capacitance retentions of 83.6 % and 82.1 % versus 37.3 % upon density up to 3 A/g. These results show the potential of these axial‐substituted subphthalocyanines in the use as organic photovoltaics and supercapacitors.
Wilson loop algebras and quantum K-theory for Grassmannians
Authors: Jockers Hans , Mayr Peter , Ninad Urmi , Tabler Alexander
Published: October 2020

Abstract

We study the algebra of Wilson line operators in three-dimensional $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 2 supersymmetric U(M ) gauge theories with a Higgs phase related to a complex Grassmannian Gr(M, N ), and its connection to K-theoretic Gromov-Witten invariants for Gr(M, N ). For different Chern-Simons levels, the Wilson loop algebra realizes either the quantum cohomology of Gr(M, N ), isomorphic to the Verlinde algebra for U(M ), or the quantum K-theoretic ring of Schubert structure sheaves studied by mathematicians, or closely related algebras.
The investigation on the ideal spot weld numerical model in resistance welding
Authors: Mikno Zygmunt , Grzesik Bogusław , Stępień Mariusz
Published: October 2020

The paper presents investigation on the ideal spot weld numerical model. The weld discussed in the paper was made by the resistance spot welding of two overlapping steel sheets. The ideal weld contained three parts, i.e. two welded steel sheets and an intermediate component (connector) made of the same material. The connector was placed between the sheets, assembled mechanically and fixed. A numerical model of the ideal weld enables the elimination of all welding imperfections, including, among other things, an indent left by the electrode as well as stresses and deformations of materials present in the actual welded joint. The ideal weld was intentionally not subjected to the thermal cycle. As a result, the heat-affected zone and the molten nugget were eliminated from the model (welding area). Consequently, the entire tested (analysed) weld specimen only had the properties of the base material. The analysis presented in the paper is based on 3D FEM numerical modelling and experimental validation. The numerical model of the ideal weld (nugget surface) was investigated in relation to various shapes of the nugget (e.g. circular, square and rectangular) as well as in relation to different dimensions. The research also involved the performance of a comparative analysis including various welding conditions. The analysis was carried out to determine the highest possible value of shear force generated during a static tensile test. The results of the numerical tests were compared with the results of selected laboratory tests.
Discrete Arrow–Pratt indexes for risk and uncertainty
Authors: Baillon Aurélien , L’Haridon Olivier
Published: October 2020

The Arrow–Pratt index, a gold standard in studies of risk attitudes, is not directly observable from choice data. Existing methods to measure it rely on parametric assumptions. We introduce a discrete Arrow–Pratt index, and its relative counterpart, that can be directly obtained from choices. Our approach is general: it is (i) non-parametric, (ii) applicable to both risk and uncertainty, (iii) and robust to probability transformation, non-additive beliefs and multiple priors. Our index can also be used to characterize various decision models through various simple consistency requirements. We analyze its properties and demonstrate how it can be measured.
Maternal provisioning gives young-of-the-year Hammerheads a head start in early life
Authors: Lyons Kady , Galloway Ashley S. , Adams Douglas H. , Reyier Eric A. , Barker Amanda M. , Portnoy David S. , Frazier Bryan S.
Published: October 2020

For species that do not provide parental care after birth, excess maternal provisioning during development, beyond what is required for embryogenesis, provides offspring with resources to increase their chances of survival. Maternally derived resources are expected to be important for buffering offspring against limited food resources at birth or time needed to learn how to properly feed. Young-of-the-year (YOY) cryptic Scalloped Hammerheads (Sphyrna lewini) and Carolina Hammerheads (Sphyrna gilberti) were sampled from nurseries along the US Atlantic Coast and compared for a number of biological condition metrics across three developmental stages. Large declines in liver lipid content and hepatosomatic indices were found in neonatal sharks, using umbilical scar healing as a proxy for time since birth. Feeding commenced quickly as 96% of sharks had prey remnants in their stomachs. The combination of rapid exhaustion of maternally provided resources and high occurrence of stomachs with prey contents indicate that nursery quality, with respect to prey availability, may be important for YOY hammerhead survivorship. While externally the two species are morphologically similar, longer length-at-birth in S. lewini and higher hepatic condition in neonatal S. gilberti suggest that aspects of reproductive biology, including physiology, may differ between species. While more information is needed to distinguish life history differences between these two species, data collected from YOY may serve as a useful proxy to inform management when adult samples of cryptic species are difficult to collect.
Clinical evaluation of micro-fragmented adipose tissue as a treatment option for patients with meniscus tears with osteoarthritis: a prospective pilot study
Authors: Malanga Gerard A. , Chirichella Paul S. , Hogaboom Nathan S. , Capella Teresa
Published: October 2020

Purpose

The management of knee pain secondary to meniscal tears with osteoarthritis is limited by the poor inherent healing potential of the meniscus. Previous studies have reported on the benefit of autologous micro-fragmented fat as a therapeutic for various knee pathologies. The goal of this prospective pilot study was to determine the safety and potential treatment effect of micro-fragmented adipose tissue injection for patients with knee pain secondary to osteoarthritis and meniscal tears who have failed conservative management.

Methods

Twenty subjects with knee pain secondary to osteoarthritis with associated meniscal tear after failed conservative management were enrolled in the study. Numeric Pain Scale (NPS) and Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Scale (KOOS) following ultrasound-guided intra-meniscal and intra-articular micro-fragmented adipose tissue injections were examined at three, six and 12 months.

Results

The mean NPS revealed a significant decrease in patient pain at the 1-year time point compared with baseline (5.45 to 2.21, p < .001). Similarly, overall, mean KOOS symptoms significantly improved from 57.7 to 78.2 (p < .001), with all 4 KOOS subscales demonstrating significant improvement at the final one year follow-up. One subject developed uncomplicated cellulitis at the harvest site which was treated with oral antibiotics. Other complications were minor and mostly limited to adipose harvest.

Conclusion

This study demonstrated that micro-fragmented adipose tissue injected directly into a torn meniscus and knee joint using ultrasound guidance represents a safe and potentially efficacious treatment option for patients with knee pain suffering from degenerative arthritis and degenerative meniscal tears. A larger, randomized, controlled trial is warranted to determine efficacy.

Trial registration

Clinicaltrials.org Identifier: NCT03714659
Patient-reported factors that influence the vestibular schwannoma treatment decision: a qualitative study
Authors: Neve O. M. , Soulier G. , Hendriksma M. , van der Mey A. G. L. , van Linge A. , van Benthem P. P. G. , Hensen E. F. , Stiggelbout A. M.
Published: October 2020

Purpose

In cases of small- to medium-sized vestibular schwannomas, three management strategies can be opted for: active surveillance, surgery or radiotherapy. In these cases, the patient’s preference is pivotal in decision-making. The aim of this study was to identify factors that influence a patient’s decision for a particular management strategy.

Methods

A qualitative inductive thematic analysis was performed based on semi-structured interviews. Eighteen patients with small- to medium-sized vestibular schwannomas were interviewed. All patients were diagnosed or treated at one of the two participating university medical centers in the Netherlands.

Results

Ten themes were identified that influenced the decision, classified as either medical or patient-related. The medical themes that emerged were: tumor characteristics, the physician’s recommendation, treatment outcomes and the perceived center’s experience. The patient-related themes were: personal characteristics, anxiety, experiences, cognitions, logistics and trust in the physician.

Conclusion

Knowledge of the factors that influence decision-making helps physicians to tailor their consultations to arrive at a true shared decision on vestibular schwannoma management.
Quantitative serosal and mucosal optical imaging perfusion assessment in gastric conduits for esophageal surgery: an experimental study in enhanced reality
Authors: Barberio Manuel , Felli Eric , Pizzicannella Margherita , Agnus Vincent , Al-Taher Mahdi , Seyller Emilie , Moulla Yusef , Jansen-Winkeln Boris , Gockel Ines , Marescaux Jacques , Diana Michele
Published: October 2020

Introduction/objective

Gastric conduit (GC) is used for reconstruction after esophagectomy. Anastomotic leakage (AL) incidence remains high, given the extensive disruption of the gastric circulation. Currently, there is no reliable method to intraoperatively quantify gastric perfusion. Hyperspectral imaging (HSI) has shown its potential to quantify serosal StO2. Confocal laser endomicroscopy (CLE) allows for automatic mucosal microcirculation quantification as functional capillary density area (FCD-A). The aim of this study was to quantify serosal and mucosal GC’s microperfusion using HSI and CLE. Local capillary lactate (LCL) served as biomarker.

Methods

GC was formed in 5 pigs and serosal StO2% was quantified at 3 regions of interest (ROI) using HSI: fundus (ROI-F), greater curvature (ROI-C), and pylorus (ROI-P). After intravenous injection of sodium-fluorescein (0.5 g), CLE-based mucosal microperfusion was assessed at the corresponding ROIs, and LCLs were quantified via a lactate analyzer.

Results

StO2 and FCD-A at ROI-F (41 ± 10.6%, 3.3 ± 3.8, respectively) were significantly lower than ROI-C (68.2 ± 6.7%, p value: 0.005; 18.4 ± 7, p value: 0.01, respectively) and ROI-P (72 ± 10.4%, p value: 0.005; 15.7 ± 3.2 p value: 0.001). LCL value at ROI-F (9.6 ± 4.7 mmol/L) was significantly higher than at ROI-C (2.6 ± 1.2 mmol/L, p value: 0.04) and ROI-P (2.6 ± 1.3 mmol/L, p value: 0.04). No statistically significant difference was found in all metrics between ROI-C and ROI-P. StO2 correlated with FCD-A (Pearson’s r = 0.67). The LCL correlated negatively with both FCD-A (Spearman’s r =  − 0.74) and StO2 (Spearman’s r =  −  0.54).

Conclusions

GC formation causes a drop in serosal and mucosal fundic perfusion. HSI and CLE correlate well and might become useful intraoperative tools.
Augmented reality for the virtual dissection of white matter pathways
Authors: Ille Sebastian , Ohlerth Ann-Katrin , Colle David , Colle Henry , Dragoy Olga , Goodden John , Robe Pierre , Rofes Adrià , Mandonnet Emmanuel , Robert Erik , Satoer Djaina , Viegas Catarina Pessanha , Visch-Brink Evy , van Zandvoort Martine , Krieg Sandro M.
Published: October 2020

Background

The human white matter pathway network is complex and of critical importance for functionality. Thus, learning and understanding white matter tract anatomy is important for the training of neuroscientists and neurosurgeons. The study aims to test and evaluate a new method for fiber dissection using augmented reality (AR) in a group which is experienced in cadaver white matter dissection courses and in vivo tractography.

Methods

Fifteen neurosurgeons, neurolinguists, and neuroscientists participated in this questionnaire-based study. We presented five cases of patients with left-sided perisylvian gliomas who underwent awake craniotomy. Diffusion tensor imaging fiber tracking (DTI FT) was performed and the language-related networks were visualized separated in different tracts by color. Participants were able to virtually dissect the prepared DTI FTs using a spatial computer and AR goggles. The application was evaluated through a questionnaire with answers from 0 (minimum) to 10 (maximum).

Results

Participants rated the overall experience of AR fiber dissection with a median of 8 points (mean ± standard deviation 8.5 ± 1.4). Usefulness for fiber dissection courses and education in general was rated with 8 (8.3 ± 1.4) and 8 (8.1 ± 1.5) points, respectively. Educational value was expected to be high for several target audiences (student: median 9, 8.6 ± 1.4; resident: 9, 8.5 ± 1.8; surgeon: 9, 8.2 ± 2.4; scientist: 8.5, 8.0 ± 2.4). Even clinical application of AR fiber dissection was expected to be of value with a median of 7 points (7.0 ± 2.5).

Conclusion

The present evaluation of this first application of AR for fiber dissection shows a throughout positive evaluation for educational purposes.
Asymmetry of P1 and vertebral arteries is not related to basilar tip aneurysm development or rupture
Authors: Li Lan , Hofmann Björn B. , Fischer Igor , Donaldson Daniel M. , Engel Adrian , Karadag Cihat , Wetzel-Yalelis Andreas , Piedade Guilherme Santos , Mijderwijk Hendrik-Jan , Bostelmann Richard , Kaschner Marius G. , Muhammad Sajjad , Hänggi Daniel , Cornelius Jan F. , Petridis Athanasios K.
Published: October 2020

Objective

Lately, morphological parameters of the surrounding vasculature aside from aneurysm size, specific for the aneurysm location, e.g., posterior cerebral artery angle for basilar artery tip aneurysms, could be identified to correlate with the risk of rupture. We examined further image-based morphological parameters of the aneurysm surrounding vasculature that could correlate with the growth or the risk of rupture of basilar artery tip aneurysms.

Methods

Data from 83 patients with basilar tip aneurysms (27 not ruptured; 56 ruptured) and 100 control patients were assessed (50 without aneurysms and 50 with aneurysms of the anterior circle of Willis). Anatomical parameters of the aneurysms were assessed and analyzed, as well as of the surrounding vasculature, namely the asymmetry of P1 and the vertebral arteries.

Results

Patients with basilar tip aneurysm showed no significant increase in P1 or vertebral artery asymmetry compared with the control patients or patients with aneurysms of the anterior circulation, neither was there a significant difference in asymmetry between cases with ruptured and unruptured aneurysms. Furthermore, we observed no significant correlations between P1 asymmetry and the aneurysm size or number of lobuli in the aneurysms.

Conclusion

We observed no significant difference in aneurysm size, rupture, or lobulation associated with P1 or vertebral artery (surrounding vasculature) asymmetry. Therefore, the asymmetry of the surrounding vessels does not seem to be a promising morphological parameter for the evaluation of probability of rupture and growth in basilar tip aneurysms in future studies.
Evolutionary Dynamics in Vascularised Tumours under Chemotherapy: Mathematical Modelling, Asymptotic Analysis and Numerical Simulations
Authors: Villa Chiara , Chaplain Mark A. J. , Lorenzi Tommaso
Published: October 2020

We consider a mathematical model for the evolutionary dynamics of tumour cells in vascularised tumours under chemotherapy. The model comprises a system of coupled partial integro-differential equations for the phenotypic distribution of tumour cells, the concentration of oxygen and the concentration of a chemotherapeutic agent. In order to disentangle the impact of different evolutionary parameters on the emergence of intra-tumour phenotypic heterogeneity and the development of resistance to chemotherapy, we construct explicit solutions to the equation for the phenotypic distribution of tumour cells and provide a detailed quantitative characterisation of the long-time asymptotic behaviour of such solutions. Analytical results are integrated with numerical simulations of a calibrated version of the model based on biologically consistent parameter values. The results obtained provide a theoretical explanation for the observation that the phenotypic properties of tumour cells in vascularised tumours vary with the distance from the blood vessels. Moreover, we demonstrate that lower oxygen levels may correlate with higher levels of phenotypic variability, which suggests that the presence of hypoxic regions supports intra-tumour phenotypic heterogeneity. Finally, the results of our analysis put on a rigorous mathematical basis the idea, previously suggested by formal asymptotic results and numerical simulations, that hypoxia favours the selection for chemoresistant phenotypic variants prior to treatment. Consequently, this facilitates the development of resistance following chemotherapy.
The vaginal microbiota in the course of bacterial vaginosis treatment
Authors: Zwittink Romy D. , van den Munckhof Ellen H. A. , Leverstein-van Hall Maurine A. , Boers Kim , Molijn Anco , Knetsch Cornelis W. , Kuijper Ed J.
Published: October 2020

Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is perceived as a condition of disrupted vaginal microbiota, but remains of unknown aetiology. In this study, vaginal microbiota composition was determined in twenty-one women with BV, before and after treatment with metronidazole or clindamycin. Microbiota composition varied greatly between women and defining a (un)healthy vaginal microbiota state remains elusive, challenging BV diagnosis and treatment. While relative abundance of Lactobacillus increased after antibiotic treatment in two-third of women, its abundance was not associated with treatment outcome. Instead, remaining complaints of abnormal vaginal discharge were more common after metronidazole treatment and associated with increased relative abundance of Ureaplasma.
New Trends in General Variational Inequalities
Authors: Noor Muhammad Aslam , Noor Khalida Inayat , Rassias Michael Th.
Published: October 2020

It is well known that general variational inequalities provide us with a unified, natural, novel and simple framework to study a wide class of unrelated problems, which arise in pure and applied sciences. In this paper, we present a number of new and known numerical techniques for solving general variational inequalities and equilibrium problems using various techniques including projection, Wiener-Hopf equations, dynamical systems, the auxiliary principle and the penalty function. General variational-like inequalities are introduced and investigated. Properties of higher order strongly general convex functions have been discussed. The auxiliary principle technique is used to suggest and analyze some iterative methods for solving higher order general variational inequalities. Some new classes of strongly exponentially general convex functions are introduced and discussed. Our proofs of convergence are very simple as compared with other methods. Our results present a significant improvement of previously known methods for solving variational inequalities and related optimization problems. Since the general variational inequalities include (quasi) variational inequalities and (quasi) implicit complementarity problems as special cases, these results continue to hold for these problems. Some numerical results are included to illustrate the efficiency of the proposed methods. Several open problems have been suggested for further research in these areas.
The impact of weather conditions on hazel pollen concentration in Sosnowiec (Poland) in 1997–2019
Authors: Dąbrowska-Zapart Katarzyna , Niedźwiedź Tadeusz
Published: October 2020

The goal of this study was to compare hazel pollen seasons in Sosnowiec in 1997–2019 and to analyse the impact of weather conditions on these seasons. The measurements were conducted using a volumetric method with a Burkard spore trap. The duration of pollen seasons was determined using the 98% method. SPI (Seasonal Pollen Index) was calculated as the sum of daily pollen concentrations in a given season. The measurements showed that high temperatures in January and February had an impact on the beginning of the hazel pollen season. They revealed that there are positive correlations with temperatures and sunshine hours long before the season, i.e. 210–180 days before. The daily hazel pollen concentration in Sosnowiec showed a positive and statistically significant correlation with air temperature, sunshine hours, and average and maximum wind speed. Negative correlation was demonstrated for snow cover depth and relative humidity of the air. Daily concentration levels depend also on the type of weather front as well as direction of air mass flow and its type. Variance analysis showed that the highest concentrations of hazel pollen grains were recorded when warm air moves from the south and south–western direction, whereas the lowest ones were noted for air moving from the east, south–east, north and north–east directions. Atmospheric precipitation, snow cover depth, and average, maximum, minimum and near-the-ground temperatures in the season also had an impact on the SPI of hazel pollen grains. High positive correlation coefficients were also observed in the case of thermal conditions, sunshine hours, relative humidity and precipitation from July to September in the year preceding a given pollen season. The duration of the hazel pollen season depends on precipitation, snow cover depth and temperature during a given season.
Physical, Emotional, and Psychosocial Challenges Associated with Daily Dosing of HIV Medications and Their Impact on Indicators of Quality of Life: Findings from the Positive Perspectives Study
Authors: de los Rios Patricia , Okoli Chinyere , Castellanos Erika , Allan Brent , Young Benjamin , Brough Garry , Muchenje Marvelous , Eremin Anton , Corbelli Giulio Maria , McBritton Marta , Hardy W. David , Van de Velde Nicolas
Published: October 2020

To assess challenges with daily oral antiretroviral therapy (ART), we analyzed data for 2389 participants in the 2019 Positive Perspectives survey of people living with HIV in 25 countries. ART-related challenges reported included difficulty swallowing pills (33.1% [790/2389]); stress from daily dosing routine (33.3% [795/2389]); bad memories from daily intake of HIV medication (35.1%[839/2389]), and concern “that having to take pills every day means a greater chance of revealing my HIV status to others” (37.9% [906/2389]). Individuals who felt empowered by daily oral dosing [“taking my pill(s) every day reassures me that my HIV is being kept under control”] had 69% higher odds of optimal overall health (AOR 1.69, 95% CI 1.40–2.04). Conversely, odds of optimal overall health were lower among those who felt daily pill intake “limits my day-to-day life” (AOR 0.53, 95% CI 0.44–0.64). These findings show that there is need for increased flexibility of ART delivery to meet diverse patient needs.