bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of Temperature, Substrate Concentration and pH on the Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Pyrene Biodegradation by Arthrobacter sp. NJ5 Strain
Authors: Gailiūtė I. , Žėkaitė G. , Čipinytė V. , Grigiškis S. , Dienys G.
Published: August 2015

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are widely distributed in the environment and may persist for extended periods of time. PAHs are one of the most important classes of persistent organic contaminants. High molecular weight (HMW) PAHs (compounds containing four or more fused benzene rings) are generally recalcitrant to microbial attack. Until recently, only a few genera of bacteria have been isolated with the ability to utilize four-ring PAHs as sole carbon and energy sources. Because of the toxic, mutagenic, and carcinogenic characteristics of some, PAHs have been studied extensively by many scientists around the word. This paper presents research results, where 10 microbial strains belonging to genus Arthrobacter sp. and obtained from culture collection of JSC "Biocentras"were tested for the best biodegradation of HMW PAH pyrene. Pyrene degradation experiments were conducted in liquid mineral medium. Pyrene concentration was 0. 2 mg/mL at the beginning of degradation experiments. After 72 h incubation with ten Arthrobacter sp. strains, gas chromatography analysis revealed that highest pyrene degradation (19%) was reached by Arthrobacter sp. NJ5 strain. The effect of medium pH, pyrene concentration and temperature on the intensity of the degradation by the most active strain Arthrobacter NJ5 was investigated.
Steam Explosion Impact to Technical Hemp Fiber Diameter
Authors: Grāve Laima , Putniņa Anna , Kukle Silvija , Stramkale Veneranda
Published: August 2015

Microfibers and nanofibers from natural products have high mechanical properties. For this reason researchers pay particular attention to the natural fibers and to the method how they are obtained. In the research samples with different treatments (alkaline pretreatment, steam explosion and water extraction) were investigated to evaluate treatment influence on fiber diameters. Fractionation does not provide actual results of fibers diameter as thinner fibers agglomerate to each other and around thicker fibers and cannot be sieved. Fiber diameter measurement with an optical microscope shows that pretreatment and treatment reduced the thickest fiber percentage and increase the number of fine particles. Dew-retted hemp gives 16% of thicker fibers and only 39% fibers with a diameters less than 63µm. 50% of alkaline pretreated and steam explosion treated fibers diameters are less than 63 µm and only 8% of diameters fall in range 160 - 630 µm.
The Research on Environment Protection Knowledge and Competencies in Non-Formal Education
Authors: Jurksaitiene Nijole , Markeviciene Laima , Misiunas Donatas
Published: August 2015

In Lithuania, as well as all over the world in developed countries, the society is starting to become a new kind of the information society. Under modern conditions it is increased the role of educated personality, personality capable of not only absorb the previously accumulated knowledge, but also to summarize, analyze, develop new and innovative ideas, information technologies, services and products. Implementing the EU common agricultural and rural development policy and adapting it to the local conditions, special attention must be paid to the qualitative aspects of human capital and education. Environment protection problems are deeply rooted in. The extensive agricultural policy of EU is in active formation process as a serious counterweight and feasible alternative to intensive, almost industrial farming [1]. According to this policy, farmers are supported for reducing negative impact on the environment and fostering an attractive landscape; therefore it is important to develop professional qualification. It is possible to distinguish three forms of education in formation of farmers' human resources: formal, non-formal and informal learning [2]. Formal education takes place in accordance with the statutory procedure, approved and registered training programs witch lead to the acquisition of a primary, secondary, or higher non-university education and qualifications. Non-formal education is learning through a range of educational needs, training, and acquisition of additional skills. It typically involves workshops, community or interest based courses, conference style seminars. Informal education is continuous self-learning, based on the person gaining knowledge from various sources and practical experience. Non-formal and informal education is relevant to farmers who already have some formal education and seek to continually enhance and update their knowledge. Professional development is important to the farmer during all the farming period. The paper deals with environment protection competencies and qualification development gained during non-formal education course of farming basics. The study found out environment protection motivation and tendencies of knowledge use in practical activities.
Belt Feeder for Biomass Mixing
Authors: Kaķītis Aivars , Nulle Imants , Ancāns Dainis
Published: August 2015

Level of agricultural productivity has been increased and also increased land area not utilized for food production. This area can be used for growing energy crops, including grasses. In addition, there are non-agricultural lands in Latvia suitable only for growing energy crops like Reed canary grass etc. Reed canary grass growing for energy needs could be an additional source of income for Latvian farmers, whom have harvesting technique for hay, for example dairy farming. It could be also a local heat energy source if wood in farm area is not available. Pelletizing or briquetting of dried herbaceous biomass has several advantages such as increasing energy density, improving storability and reducing handling and transport costs, but remains, of the fuel quality negatively affecting things, such as high ash and chlorine content (wheat straw 0.1 – 2.3%). Therefore, to reduce ash content and corrosion of heat transfer surfaces suggestible to make blends with others biomass where those parameters are lower. Briquettes of herbaceous biomass blends with peat are denser, durabler and take less energy for briquetting and pelleting. A new mixing method in this article is described. Experiments of biomass feeding in mixing process with belt feeder were done. The throughput of the belt feeder is increasing nearly linearly at feeder belt velocity from 0.18 to 0.89 m·s-1. The specific throughput of belt feeder was evaluated for Reed canary grass. Noticeable influence of the belt velocity on the specific throughput of belt feeder was not found.
Improvement of Technologies for Mining Waste Management
Authors: Karu Veiko , Notton Angela , Gulevitš Julia , Valgma Ingo , Rahe Tiit
Published: August 2015

Mining waste reduction methods include all mining processes beginning from resource distribution until final products in the plant. For comparing and testing possibilities of mine waste reduction, a cooperation project has been set up aiming to create a transnational network with regional networks. The activities carried out on the regional and transnational level will secure better access to knowledge, state-of-the-art technologies and good practice. The study addresses all the waste management challenges and opportunities facing the Baltic Sea Region mining industry, which should be understood as extending to all forms of extraction of natural non-renewable resources. In addition to the main mineral resource, oil shale, there are sufficient reserves of limestone and dolostone, peat, sand, gravel and clay. Phosphorite and granite are considered as occurrences in today's economic situation, in spite of the fact that phosphorite has been extracted for 70 years in the past. All previous mining activities have produced mining waste, e.g. the total volume of waste rock from Estonian oil shale mining is more than 76 million m3 and covers about 790 ha [31] [32] [33] [34]. From an environmental point of view Estonia is in good position, not having acidic reactions and having neutralising alkaline limestone present in all mining areas. Thanks to this, reclamation is easily done with the help of the same mining equipment. Water is purified in settling ponds and does not require additional chemical treatment. For underground mining, the main concern is the stability of the room and pillar mining area [35] [37]. Similar problems are found in Sweden and Finland. In Sweden, there are several old deposits from shale mining, the largest one (Kvarntorp) contains some 40 million m3 of crushed processed black shales and contains several metals of potential value.
Oil Additive Testing Equipment
Authors: Leitāns Armands , Spriņģis Guntis , Rudzītis Jānis
Published: August 2015

Automobile industry annually is to reduce harmful emissions into the environment. Anti-friction oil additives in automotive internal combustion engines is one way fight against friction losses which result from fuel economy, which in turn reduces the amount of harmful emissions vehicle exhaust. Assessment of the effectiveness of oil additives need to tribologycal properties for further analysis. For the purpose of this research is carried out in a variety of major friction equipment design studies, evaluating their properties and create an experimental facility with the assistance possible to evaluate changes in oil additives on friction over the existing components and their mutual friction.
Harmonization of Piece-by-Piece Measurement Methods of Roundwood Approved by Latvian Standard LVS 82:2003 “ Apaļo kokmateriālu uzmērīšana ”
Authors: Miklašēvičs Ziedonis
Published: August 2015

This paper analyses the volume differences of mixed pine and spruce roundwood loads and logs (roundwood assortiments) devided in to sample clusters according to the species, diameter, lenght and stem/log surface shape, stem zones and measured by the methods approved by standard LV 82:2003 „Apaļo kokmateriālu uzmērīšana”. The volumes of roundwood loads/logs determined by these methods were compared with the most precisious determination of the volume by Measuring Diameter in Short Intervals and the Top and Butt Diameter Measurement method. The volume of mixed pine and spruce round timber load determined by Measuring Diameter in Short Intervals using harvester measurement system is 2.44% higher than the volume determined by manual comparative the Top and Butt Diameter Measurement method. The volume deviation is in the range of accepted 3% measuring accuracy. The volumes of roundwood assortiments from neiloid zone of spruce stems determined according to the Mid Diameter Measurement method are 3.96% lower than the volumes determined by careful manual the Top and Butt Diameter Measurement method. The volume deviation surpass the acceptable measuring 3% accuracy. The volumes of roundwood assortiments from paraboloid zone of spruce and pine stems determined according to the Mid Diameter Measurement method are lower than the volumes determined by the Top and Butt Diameter Measurement method. The deviation is in the range of acceptable 3% measuring accuracy. This paper gives recommendations for adjusting the application area of different measurement methods for achieving the volume deviation in the range of accepted measuring accuracy.
Climate Change and Fluctuations in the Karelian-Kola Region
Authors: Nazarova Larisa
Published: August 2015

In this work we consider the regularities of changes of climate and assessed the potential impact of these changes on some of the characteristics of the hydrological regime and biota water bodies of the North of the European territory of Russia from temperate latitudes to the Arctic. Within the annual course, variation of monthly air temperature values is irregular for different seasons, with most intensive warming in January and March. In summer, variations in air temperature are multidirectional. Variations in the thermal regime led, in its turn, to later ice cover formation and earlier ice-breakup resulted in the longer ice-free period. Data analysis revealed variations in the course of precipitation of warm and cold periods. Under distinguished increase of precipitation sums, a total number of days with precipitation was revealed to be equal to or lower than its climatic norm. The total precipitation amount increase occurred due to increasing frequency of rainfalls of 10 mm and more. In winter, the snow cover height exceeded the climatic norm. As the increase of annual sums of precipitation is compensated by a rise of evapotranspiration, any trend in the total river inflow into Lake Onego is absent.
Mining under kalina and Selisoo Bogs
Authors: Otsmaa Merle
Published: August 2015

Continuous developing of Estonian power engineering on the basis of oil shale requires ever taking into use of new exploration fields. When the reserve of Estonia mine is depleted, mining of the exploration field of Seli has to be started. But that field is located under the Selisoo bog which is defined as a region of the Natura 2000 network and is planned become a nature preserve. Conservationists are interested for what extent oil shale mining under the Selisoo bog and in its immediate nearness will spoil the natural water regime of the bog. To clear up the environmental impact are carried through several investigations in the Selisoo bog. As a result of modeling is proposed a perceptible lowering of water table in peat layer. At the same time we have a positive experience on mining under bogs and water bodies, some kilometers to the north from the Selisoo bog. In Viru mine situated under the Kalina bog there is oil shale mining practically finished for today, but the Kalina bog exists as before, also the Lake Kalina in this bog. The aim of this research is to compare the geological and hydrogeological parameters of the Selisoo and Kalina bogs, clearing up the essential factors owing to which the mining in district of the Selisoo bog could exert a larger influence on environment than under the Kalina bog. In this paper are some measures for diminishing of the environmental impact brought on.
Paste Fills Technology in Condition of Estonian Oil Shale Mine
Authors: Pastarus Juri Rivaldo , Shommet Julija , Valgma Ingo , Väizene Vivika , Karu Veiko
Published: August 2015

Oil shale mining and processing industry in Estonia produce a wide assortment of waste could be considered as available fill materials. Waste rock which is not usable in civil engineering and road building may be used for backfilling underground mines. Paste fills technology, which has several benefits, requires careful selection of oil shale waste rock aggregates and other carbonate stones. The laboratory tests and theoretical investigations were made for determination the applicability of limestone and dolostone aggregates as backfill material. It enables to determine the feasible parameters of aggregates from oil shale mining waste rock. Analysis showed that limestone aggregates of Estonian oil shale mines suit best for backfill technology in conditions.
Impact of Microclimate and Indoor Plants on Air Ion Concentration
Authors: Sinicina Natalia , Skromulis Andris , Martinovs Andris
Published: August 2015

Saturation of air ions is essentially important for all living beings, especially for human health. Existing sanitary norms provide that concentration of small ions has to be in range of 400-50000 ions cm-3 and unipolarity coefficient 0.4 ≤ K ≤ 1.0. Many species of indoor plants emit organic volatile compounds and air ions, therefore they could be used for improving the quality of indoor air. The results show that ionization level of indoor air is significantly insufficient and selected species of indoor plants are not able to improve it. They serve rather as supplementary surfaces for ion absorption. Possible interaction between microclimate, ion concentration and indoor plants in different times of the day is analyzed.
Optical Properties of Natural and Synthetic Minerals
Authors: Skvortsova Vera , Mironova-Ulmane Nina , Trinkler Laima
Published: August 2015

The results of investigation of optical absorption and photoluminescence (PL) of topaz, beryl and yttrium aluminium garnet crystals doped with different concentrations of transition ions exposed to fast neutron irradiation and electron irradiation are presented. We suppose that irradiation leads to the formation of two types of complex centers: "Me2+-F+ (or F) centre" and complex centers, which consist of a cation vacancy and an impurity (iron, manganese and chromium) ion. Exchange interaction between radiation defects and impurity ions during neutron or electron irradiation gives rise to appearance of additional absorption and luminescence band broadening in investigated crystals.
Noise Level Measuring Options and Their Use in Technological Processes
Authors: Štekelis Kristiāns
Published: August 2015

Working environment has changed in the last few years and work has become more intensive i.e. demand for maximum attention and concentration, workload adaptions with the mental and physical abilities of human, solvation of various organising issues. Risk factors of working environment can be found in every profession and may affect a large number of employees. One of the essential issues in wood processing is noise presence during machining, which is why noise level determination at the workbench during whole working day is important thing to do. Measuring devices of the noise level are with various technological abilities, from which one need to choose the most appropriate for the particular situation. Some of the devices are or may be equipped with data recorder, which allows to save measured data for subsequent computer assessment. The article analyses Latvian legislation concerning the noise level determination in the workplace as well as allowable limits. The article offers simplified means of the noise measurement and registration abilities.
Environmental Resource - Economized Processes of Recycling Mineral Raw Materials of Complex Composition
Authors: Vinnikov V. A. , Silberschmidt M. G. , Bocharov V. A. , Ignatkina V. A. , Gzogyan T. N.
Published: August 2015

The results of the studies on the justification of technological processes providing recycling of the warehoused ferruginous quartzites of complex composition and waste non-ferrous metals allowing to receive additional commodity products are given. The example of amphibole and biotite varieties of ferruginous quartzites of CMA and tailings of copper-zinc sulphide Ural ores determines the reasons of ineffective use of traditional technology solutions for recycling. The reasons of environmental hazards concerning varieties of technogenic mineral substances to the environment are identified. The presence in ferruginous quartzites complex composition of various silicates, carbonates and iron sulphides change their technological properties. So to get the iron concentrate from them suggests a new combination of technological operations performed in specially selected operating conditions. The specifics of the presence of mineral components in solid mineral wastes of nonferrous metal ores indicates the possibility of obtaining additional marketable products. With the use of laboratory multiscale modelling and physical methods of analysis regularities of variation of fractionation, separation and mineral concentration operations efficiency by varying its composition and the various influencing factors are identified. To improve the efficiency of the individual technological operations it is recommended to use different techniques, using physical and physico-chemical effects on the polymineral systems. The flow diagrams for the considered varieties of technogenic processing of mineral substances, allowing them to obtain standared quality products (metal-containing concentrates), and the results of their testing are submitted. The suggested technological solutions can reduce the amount of environmentally hazardous mineral substance, hosted in technogenic formations.
Vertical Flue Gas Heat Absorption Ssystem with Option for Fuel Drying
Authors: Visockis Edmunds , Vucenlazdans Pēteris , Šeļegovskis Raimunds
Published: August 2015

The publication will describe research that produced vertical inglenook type innovative vertical flue gas heat absorption system with option for fuel drying. Innovative arrangement of smoke ducts will be developed for the flue gas heat absorption inglenook. The inglenook will be heating up in the bottom therefore the lower level of premises will be heated more efficiently and provide higher degree of comfort. Considering fire safety regulations above the inglenook 4 arches will be built for storing and drying firewood before burning.
Model of Radio Managing System for Electro Vehicles’ Accumulators Wireless Feeding
Authors: Abrahamyan Hrayr , Sargsyan Arevik , Davtyan David , Minasyan Harutyun
Published: August 2015

This article refers to studying of the system for wireless feeding of electro vehicles’ accumulators, and the description of it’s applicable efficiency. Preliminary design of the radio managing system is done. The electro vehicle feeding system is calculated for the freeway. By using LabVIEW program package model of radio managing system was designed.
Offer Opportunities of Levelling Online Courses for Latvia
Authors: Balikova Vita
Published: August 2015

Currently, all European countries, including Latvian, there is a decrease of students' mathematical knowledge. As a result, universities and high schools face the challenge of filling the knowledge in mathematics among students. This has resulted in increasing the level of knowledge disparity in study groups. And experience shows that many students need extra - levelling courses. One of solution of such courses would be a free on-line levelling courses.
The Concept of Ontology for Numerical Data Clustering
Authors: Grabusts Peter
Published: August 2015

Classical clustering algorithms have been studied quite well, they are used for the numerical data grouping in similar structures - clusters. Similar objects are placed in the same cluster, different objects – in another cluster. All classical clustering algorithms have common characteristics, their successful choice defines the clustering results. The most important clustering parameters are following: clustering algorithms, metrics, the initial number of clusters, clustering validation criteria. In recent years there is a strong tendency of the possibility to get the rules from clusters. Semantic knowledge is not used in classical clustering algorithms. This creates difficulties in interpreting the results of clustering. Currently, the possibilities to use ontology increase rapidly, that allows to get knowledge of a specific data model. In the frames of this work the ontology concept, prototype development for numerical data clustering, which includes the most important characteristics of clustering performance have been analyzed.
Device for Reduction Sparking of Slip Ring of Turbo Generator
Authors: Isakov Andrei N. , Andrusich Andrei V. , Savraev Igor E.
Published: August 2015

Most modern power plants generating electric power equipped with synchronous generators. The correct operation of energy economy depends on reliability of such electrical machines. In this article issue of increasing reliability of turbo generator by increasing reliability of its brush contact unit is considered. Description of brush contact unit and its possible damages is given. Equivalent electrical circuit of contact layer of brush contact unit is performed. The equations are formed and the dynamical simulation model consisting of electric source and two brush contact units is created. With help of this model alternative method of improving parameters of brush contact unit and increasing reliability of turbo generator at once is calculated and shown. The implementation of the proposed method of increasing the turbo generator brush contact units reliability can have different technical performance, but the principle laid down in the method remains the same.
Electrical subsystem of the low-power cogeneration plant with low-speed vehicle
Authors: Khitrov Andrei , Khitrov Alexander
Published: August 2015

Nowadays diesel power plants form the basis of distributed power generation in Russia, but they have disadvantages. The alternative variant is cogeneration plant based on the rotary-vane machine. One of the types of such machines is the rotary-vane external combustion vehicle (engine) developed in Pskov State University. Electrical subsystem of the plant requires its effective work to provide both start and generation modes. Development of such subsystem structure, employment of elements for links with other subsystems in the hierarchic control system is an actual task. The paper considers structures of the electrical part of the plant, simulation and experiment results.
Urban Objects Segmentation Using Edge Detection
Authors: Kodors Sergejs , Zarembo Imants
Published: August 2015

This manuscript describes urban objects segmentation using edge detection methods. The goal of this research was to compare an efficiency of edge detection methods for orthophoto and LiDAR data segmentation. The following edge detection methods were used: Sobel, Prewitt and Laplacian, with and without Gaussian kernel. The results have shown, that LiDAR data is better, because it does not contain shadows, which produce a noise.
Formwork with Variable Geometry for Concrete Shells Production Technology
Authors: Lusis Vitalijs
Published: August 2015

One of the main constructive materials in the building sphere is a precast concrete and fiber concrete. It is well influenced by scientific research basis, development and implementation of progressive technologies. The fiber concrete it is an ideal material with practically unlimited number of shapes. A nomenclature of concrete articles increases, it is working on different shape formation and processing. While preparation for this document started with the concept fabrication, it is necessary to understand the methods of construction variable geometry formwork of concrete thin-shell surfaces, both past and present as a point of departure. An understanding of this background helps provide an essential foundation for the exploration of new potential advances in the field of thin-shell construction. Obviously that is the reason for fiber concrete to be the most widespread constructive building material all over the world. In the article are considered shell development technology features and is evaluated technical and economical effectiveness of concrete shells with thin walls. Now variable geometry systems from flexible materials are developing and improving, there is a great potential followed by modern events in concrete technology. The results of laboratory experiments have proved that the technology can be used for fibro concrete shell production and construction.
Fiberconcrete with Non-Homogeneous Fibers Distribution
Authors: Lusis Vitalijs , Krasnikovs Andrejs
Published: August 2015

In this research fiber reinforced concrete prisms with layers of non-homogeneous distribution of fibers inside them were elaborated. Fiber reinforced concrete is important material for load bearing structural elements. Traditionally fibers are homogeneously dispersed in a concrete. At the same time in many situations fiber reinforced concrete with homogeneously dispersed fibers is not optimal (majority of added fibers are not participating in load bearing process). It is possible to create constructions with non-homogeneous distribution of fibers in them in different ways. Present research is devoted to one of them. In the present research three different types of layered prisms with the same amount of fibers in them were experimentally produced (of this research prisms of non-homogeneous fiber reinforced concrete with dimensions 100×100×400 mm were designed. and prisms with homogeneously dispersed fibers were produced for reference as well). Prisms were tested under four point bending conditions till crack opening in each prism reached 6 mm.  During the testing vertical deflection at the center of a prism and crack opening were fixed by the linear displacements transducers in real time.
Selection of Parameters of Current Collection Systems of Turbo-Generators to be Monitored by Means of Technical Diagnostics
Authors: Markov Alexander , Rodionov Yuri
Published: August 2015

In this article the choice of parameters of the current collection systems is substantiates, which must be monitored by technical means. It is shown that such parameters are the intensity of the sparking under brushes, uniformity of current distribution on parallel brushes, vibrations and runout slip rings and the state of their surface. For monitoring these parameters Ecotech Ltd (Pskov) develops a hardware-software complex. Complex consists of the following devices: - device to monitor the intensity of sparking, - device for measuring the current of brushes, - device for measuring vibrations and runout, - device for exploring the surface of rotating slip rings. Development of hardware-software complex is supported by the Foundation for Assistance to Small Innovative Enterprises in the scientific and technical field.
Development of Information Model of Forming Basic Educational Programs in the Light of Professional Competencies
Authors: Motaylenko Lilia , Poletayeva Olga , Lyokhin Sergey
Published: August 2015

This paper describes the process of forming the basic educational programs to the professional competence of the proposed model based on a competency areas.
Technology for Obtaining Cu2ZnSnSe4 Thin Films
Authors: Narica Pāvels , Gerbreders Vjačeslavs , Akmene Velga , Mihailova Irēna
Published: August 2015

Cu2ZnSnSe4 thin films were obtained by sequential deposition of basic elements (Sn, Se, Zn, Cu) on a glass substrate. The thickness of each layer was selected to achieve 2:1:1:4 stoichiometric ratio for copper, zinc, tin and selenium, respectively. To obtain compound Cu2ZnSnSe4 samples were annealed at temperature range of 1500C to 4000C. Surface of samples were investigated using scanning electron microscope. Analysis of chemical composition and x-ray diffractometry was performed before and after annealing of samples.
Influence of Heat Treatment and the Coefficient of Friction on the Volume of Metal Removed During Grinding Steel 35
Authors: Nikiforov Igor , Maltsev Pavel
Published: August 2015

The role of external friction and chip contraction during microcutting by abrasive grain is showed. The method for determining the relative change in the coefficient of friction during grinding is proposed. The hypothesis about the influence of physical and mechanical properties and microstructure of steel 35 on the volume removes metal through the change in the coefficient of sliding friction of the chip by face of the abrasive grain is experimentally proved.
Case Study on Early Age Shrinkage of Cement-based Composites
Authors: Sprince Andina , Pakrastinsh Leonids
Published: August 2015

The aim of this paper was to study the behaviour of new high-performance fibre-reinforced cement composite materials (FRCC) that are reinforced with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) fibres. The shrinkage deformations at early age, the compressive strength and modulus of elasticity of the new compositions had been determined. Test results shows that the addition of PVA fiber 1.10% and 0.55% by weight of the cement has negligible influence on concrete drying shrinkage, however, it is affect the concrete plastic and autogenous shrinkage. The results of the experiments permitted the prediction of long-term deformations of the concrete. Wider use of this material permit the construction of sustainable next generation structures with thin walls and large spans that cannot be built using the traditional concrete.
Solution of Linearized Flat Problem of Hydrodynamics (IVF)
Authors: Strochkov I. A. , Khvattcev A. A.
Published: August 2015

In the present paper a method of the generalized potential to planes is applied for the solution of the linearized according to Oseen of flat problem of hydrodynamics incompressible viscous fluid (IVF). Generalized potential simple layer containing McDonald function serves kernel for generalized potential to planes. For finding of an unknown density of the potential simple layer is received linear integral equation, containing double integral from curvilinear integral along border of the streamlined area. Sharing the pressure is in turn defined by potential simple layer with density of the potential, determined by linear integral equation, hanging from solution specified above integral equation. The offered method of the successive iterations, allowing elaborate the solution of the problem before achievement given to accuracy. As example of exhibit to theories is considered solution of the problem theory of hydrodynamic greasing.
The Prospects of Using Fuzzy Approaches to Ecological Risk Assessment
Authors: Uzhga-Rebrov Oleg , Kuleshova Galina
Published: August 2015

The issue of environmental quality improvement has been receiving much attention in the developed countries in recent years. Due to that, the role of assessment of ecological risks associated both with natural events and technogene activity of humans is increasing. Previous approaches to the assessment of ecological risks were fully based on statistical data and expert evaluation of potential losses and probabilities of unfavourable consequences. When this kind of assessment is carried out, it is assumed explicitly that experts are able to evaluate point probabilities. However, such assumptions are far from being true. As a result, fuzzy approaches to ecological risk assessment became popular lately. This paper focuses on two practical approaches of that kind. The paper is aimed at attracting practical attention to new up-to-date techniques that could be successfully applied to assess ecological risks in Latvia.
Pathfinding Algorithm Efficiency Analysis in 2D Grid
Authors: Zarembo Imants , Kodors Sergejs
Published: August 2015

The main goal of this paper is to collect information about pathfinding algorithms A*, BFS, Dijkstra's algorithm, HPA* and LPA*, and compare them on different criteria, including execution time and memory requirements. Work has two parts, the first being theoretical and the second practical. The theoretical part details the comparison of pathfinding algorithms. The practical part includes implementation of specific algorithms and series of experiments using algorithms implemented. Such factors as various size two dimensional grids and choice of heuristics were taken into account while conducting experiments.
Software Provisioning of the Protech Integrated Engineering Automation System
Authors: Ivanov Rosen , Kartunov Stefan
Published: August 2015

This is a presentation of the basic principle, operational functions and modules of the software for planning, programming and control of the serial production in the engineering automation system environment. We specified the software provisioning of the particular application and the benefits from its use in the manufacture process. There is a description of the available data bases for the input of the basic technological information about the work-pieces and details and for setting-up of the metal-processing tools. This product traces the technological sequence and the specifics of the production process of machines with computer and numerical control (CNC), the direct connection and dependency of the individual modules within the processing and exchange of the running current information.
Innovation , Business , Education – Regional , National and European Policies 2020
Authors: Petrova Desislava
Published: August 2015

This report examines the choice of innovation strategy, which is based on an analysis of the innovation capacity of the region in: innovation, business and education. Set is a set of features that facilitate and support innovation. The purpose of the analysis is to identify the main features and to what extent they have.
Thermal Insulation Materials From Sapropel And Hemp Shives (Cannabis Sativa L .)
Authors: Pleikšnis Staņislavs , Dovgiallo Ilze
Published: August 2015

In Latvia, sapropel is an organic lake sediment that is formed from the remains of aquatic animals and aquatic plants, containing mineral particles (sand, clay, calcium carbonate and other compounds). Hemp is a rapidly growing multi – functional energy plant. Hemp seeds and fibre have a very high value on the world market , but in the world when processing hemp, shives of hemp remain as waste. The solution is found in the resources available in Latvia to use them for increasing energy efficiency as a thermal insulation material. The aim of the research is to find out the properties of the thermal conductivity for lightweight concrete from sapropel and hemp shives to be used as a thermal insulation material. An application with the number P-12-200 is submitted to the LR Board of Patents on 20.12.2012. for granting of a patent to the "Hemp shives and sapropel for thermal insulation of buildings”.
Modelo de Avaliação de Obras de Contenção de Pequenos Movimentos de Massa
Authors: Piazza Gustavo Antonio , Oliveira Laio Zimermann de , Aumond Juarês José , Sevegnani Lucia , Gebien Glaucia , Ortiz Marilha , Grosch Bruna , Aguida Leandro Mazzuco , Fausto Maria Luiza , Miranda Neli Branco de , Alves Thiago Caique
Published: August 2015

Movimentos de massa podem ser resultantes de eventos de precipitação elevada e de políticas inadequadas de uso do solo. Este estudo teve como objetivo diagnosticar o desempenho de uma obra de estabilização em uma encosta que sofreu movimentação de massa no evento meteorológico do Vale do Itajaí, em 2008, e propor um método simples de avaliação de pequenas obras de contenção. A área de estudo está localizada na BR”“470 ”“ km 45, próxima Ã  divisa do município de Gaspar e Blumenau, em Santa Catarina. Foram realizados ensaios para determinação da taxa de infiltração e umidade do solo, além de um levantamento da composição florística e da declividade da encosta. Verificou-se que o movimento de massa não foi totalmente estabilizado e que o sistema ainda encontra-se comprometido. A utilização do muro gabião e demais medidas de geotecnia e recuperação ambiental não foram suficientes e eficazes para a estabilização da encosta. Para uma maior eficácia sugere-se: o taludamento da encosta; adensamento
Inovações Técnicas e suas Relações com Inovações Sociais e Institucionais no Norte de Minas:
Authors: Correia João Roberto , Lima Herbert Cavalcante de
Published: August 2015

O presente trabalho visa apresentar alguns aspectos da relação entre inovações técnicas, sociais e institucionais em comunidades de agricultores familiares de Rio Pardo de Minas, norte de Minas Gerais, no sentido de buscar diálogos com a construção do conhecimento relacionado a esse segmento social. Foi observado que nas condições dadas pelas comunidades essa relação existe, sendo muitas vezes difícil a sua separação. Os agricultores têm a possibilidade de construir sua realidade a partir da verdade criada na sua relação com a natureza e com os grupos sociais com os quais se relaciona. Nesse sentido, as experiências relatadas demonstraram que as inovações tecnológicas criadas pelas comunidades de agricultores familiares/geraizeiros foram produtos de inovações sociais e institucionais.
cultivo de Melão no Assentamento São Romão em Mossoró/RN:
Authors: Formiga Júnior Ivanildo Martins , Cândido Gesinaldo Ataíde , Amaral Viviane Souza do
Published: August 2015

A agricultura é um dos temas mais discutidos atualmente dentro do campo conceitual da sustentabilidade. Os debates são cada vez mais recorrentes e colocam em questão o modelo adotado a partir do pós-guerra, denominado de revolução verde. No Estado do Rio Grande do Norte, o potencial agrícola reside principalmente na fruticultura irrigada, onde se destaca o agropolo Açu-Mossoró, como uma das principais regiões produtoras de melão do Brasil. O cultivo dessa olerícola, antes dominado por grandes empresas agrícolas, atualmente, é desenvolvido por agroecossistemas de gestão familiar, inclusive em assentamentos rurais criados pelo Incra. Com o objetivo de avaliar a sustentabilidade desse tipo de cultivo, foi aplicada a metodologia MESMIS no assentamento São Romão, em Mossoró ”“ RN, que tem como principal atividade o cultivo de melão irrigado. Foram determinados sete pontos críticos e selecionados 23 indicadores que afetam diretamente a sustentabilidade da área pesquisada.
Valoração de Serviços Ambientais pela Legislação Agrária e Florestal
Authors: Faria Alvaro Boson de Castro
Published: August 2015

O trabalho caracteriza o direito de propriedade, considerando o bem florestal previsto nas áreas de preservação permanente e reserva legal do Código Florestal. Defende-se que todos os proprietários rurais possam ser indenizados pelo poder público, no momento que prestam relevantes serviços ambientais Ã  sociedade, com o cumprimento da legislação florestal. Propõe-se, nesse sentido, um procedimento de valoração para pagamento de serviços ambientais, considerando o método de valoração contingente, com a disposição a pagar do Estado, em análise ao Estatuto da Terra, ao Código Florestal e Ã  Lei da Mata Atlântica. É apresentado um estudo de caso hipotético com dois exemplos, considerando a realidade do sudoeste do Paraná, o salário mínimo paranaense, o salário mínimo federal, e o montante de áreas remanescentes em estágio secundário e avançado. Foi estipulada a remuneração entre R$ 36,20.ha-1.mês-1 e R$ 189,64. ha-1.mês-1 considerando os diferentes procedimentos. A metodologia proposta é inovadora no momento em que considera a avaliação da qualidade ecológica florestal, recompensando a propriedade rural pelo quociente do menor módulo fiscal do Estado e, dessa forma, tornando possível a valoração e o pagamento dos serviços ambientais prestados pelos agricultores Ã  sociedade.
Pra quê tanta maluquice?
Authors: Lúcio Sílvia Laine Borges
Published: August 2015

Genebaldo Freire Dias. Mudança Climática e você: cenários, desafios, governança, oportunidades,cinismos e maluquices. São Paulo: Gaia, 2014. 267p. Bibliografia e índice. ISBN 978-85-7555-341-1. R$ 49,00.
lixo é um bom negócio:
Authors: Almeida Valéria Gentil
Published: August 2015

Adam Minter. Junkyard Planet: Travels in the Billion-Dollar Trash Trade. London: BloomsburyPress, 2013. Includes photographs, index, maps. ISBN 9781608197910
avanço da aplicação de normas ambientais no Brasil -
Authors: Moscoso Mara Cristina
Published: August 2015

Resenha do livro Direito Ambiental: do global ao local, de Angela Barbarulo (2011).
ilustração científica como parceira na conservação do Cerrado
Authors: Santos-Silva Marcos A.
Published: August 2015

Quando se fala de ilustração científica, a reação que temos é de, no mínimo, perplexidade. Al- guns imaginam que se trata de uma área extinta ou em vias de extinção. Outros nem sabem do que se trata, principalmente fora do meio acadêmico. Mas, repassemos um pouco de história, para ver que nós, ilustradores científicos, somos herdeiros de uma tradição secular.
Opioid Analgesics for Sedation and Analgesia During Mechanical Ventilation
Authors: Zeller Brandy , Giebe Jeanne
Published: August 2015

Abstract

Neonates are exposed to repetitive pain and stress during their stay in a NICU, which can lead to chronic complications related to their neurodevelopment and neurobehavior. Approximately 20 percent of all neonates in a NICU are intubated, mechanically ventilated, and require suctioning, which can cause both acute and chronic pain. Pain management in the neonate can be challenging. Nurses and other caregivers need to be well trained to assess pain in the neonate to effectively identify and provide appropriate pain management strategies. There is a lack of evidence to support routine administration of opiates in the neonate. As with any medication, the possibility of short- and long-term adverse reactions must be considered. Nonpharmacologic therapy should be used as much as possible.
Respiratory Development and Respiratory Distress Syndrome
Authors: Rubarth Lori Baas , Quinn Jenny
Published: August 2015

Abstract

Respiratory development is crucial for all newborn infants. Premature infants may be born at an early stage of development and lack sufficient surfactant production. This results in respiratory distress syndrome. This article reviews the normal fetal development of the lung as well as the disorder that develops because of an early birth.
Pharmacologic Management of Neonatal Seizures
Authors: Zeller Brandy , Giebe Jeanne
Published: August 2015

Abstract

Seizures are most often the only sign of a central nervous dysfunction in the neonate. Neonatal seizures are a symptom of a specific disease entity. The search for a cause of neonatal seizures should focus on perinatal history or acute metabolic changes in the neonate. There are four classifications of neonatal seizures: clonic, tonic, myoclonic, and subtle. Simultaneous electroencephalogram and video recording are tools to assist the practitioner in the evaluation of difficult-to-assess subtle behaviors. Although many seizures may be prevented by careful attention to metabolic changes and the neonate’s overall condition, those that cannot be prevented may require pharmacologic treatment. First-generation antiepileptic drugs such as phenobarbital and phenytoin are still the first and second lines of therapy, even as questions concerning their limited clinical effectiveness and concern for potential neurotoxicity continue.
The CAT: A Gender-Inclusive Measure of Controlling and Abusive Tactics
Authors: Hamel John , Jones Daniel N. , Dutton Donald G. , Graham-Kevan Nicola
Published: August 2015

Research has consistently found thatpartner violence, defined as physical abuse between married, cohabitating, or dating partners, is not the only type of abuse with long-term deleterious effects on victims. Male and female victims alike report that emotional abuse, along with controlling behaviors, are often as or more traumatic. Existing instruments used to measure emotional abuse and control have either been limited to male-perpetrated behaviors, as conceived in the well-known Duluth “Power and Control” wheel, or field tested on dating or general population samples. This study discusses the genesis and evolution of a gender-inclusive instrument, the Controlling and Abusive Tactics (CAT) Questionnaire, which was field tested on males and females with both a clinical and general population sample. For perpetration, a preliminary comparison across gender found no significant differences across gender for the great majority of items, with women reporting significantly higher rates on 9 items, and men reporting significantly higher rates on 6 items. Women reported higher rates of received abuse than men on 28 of 30 items in which gender differences were found to be significant, but both males and females reported higher victimization than perpetration rates on all items. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses resulted in the CAT-2, a valid and reliable instrument appropriate for clinical use by treatment providers as well as for research purposes.
Perceived Social Norms for Intimate Partner Violence in Proximal and Distal Groups
Authors: Witte Tricia H. , Mulla Mazheruddin M. , Weaver Alicia A.
Published: August 2015

This study investigated students’ perceived descriptive social norms for intimate partner violence (IPV) among proximal and distal groups at college. Male and female college students estimated the prevalence rates for IPV among same-sex friends (proximal group) and same-sex “typical students” (distal group). In separate regression equations for men and women, perceived estimates of IPV rates for same-sex friends, but not estimates for same-sex typical students, were positively related with the participants’ own IPV behaviors. Findings have important implications for IPV prevention and intervention programs for college students.