bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Act Scholarly! Embrace your inner behavioral scientist
Authors: Burge Sandra K
Published: September 2020

Fifty years of scholarship by behavioral science faculty shaped the training and practice of family physicians. One can trace behavioral science influence from the philosophical underpinnings of family medicine (whole-person, patient-centered, biopsychosocial care), to the translation of psychotherapy skills into tools for family physicians, to the discovery of successful, integrated healthcare teams of family physicians and behavioral science professionals. Family medicine as we know it today rests on the shoulders of scholars who collaborated to conceive, experiment, evaluate, improve, and innovate. The purpose of this paper is to recruit you – behavioral science professionals – to continue this tradition of scholarship in Family Medicine. To advance your scholarly efforts, start by understanding that “scholarship” is not limited to research. “Scholarship” is sharing your good work with other professionals; through that interchange, you and they can improve. Next, surround yourself with people who will help you learn and succeed: mentors, collaborators, and helpers. Select a focus for your scholarship and read scientific literature for a thorough understanding of the topic. Identify a methodology that fits your values, interests, skills and resources. Start small, then grow. Sharpen your skills in writing and, if necessary, in statistics. Finally, Act Scholarly! by sharing your work with other behavioral science scholars.
Telemedicine: The art of innovative technology in family medicine
Authors: Jenkins Julia , Oyama Oliver
Published: September 2020

Technology in medicine has been rapidly evolving over the past decade, greatly improving the quality and types of services providers can offer to patients. Physicians in training are eager to embrace these novel innovations, and medical school and residency educators strive to offer learning experiences of a high standard that are relevant. One example of an emerging healthcare innovation is telemedicine, which permits the provision of medical care to patients away from clinics and hospitals, bringing patient-centered care to the patient. It has proven to be cost-effective, improve health outcomes, and enhance patient satisfaction. This article describes the development and structure of our family medicine residency program’s telemedicine curriculum, first created in 2016 in response to the growing demand for this type of healthcare delivery model. There is discussion about the history of telemedicine, and about what contributed to its growth. A timeline of the steps taken to create our new telemedicine residency curriculum is reviewed, along with the key components that contributed to its success. The Lessons Learned section provides other educators insight into the strengths and opportunities revealed during the creation of the curriculum, and guidance on how the curriculum could be further enhanced.
Narrative medicine: Re-engaging and re-energizing ourselves through story
Authors: Lijoi Andre F , Tovar Ana D
Published: September 2020

Physicians and other allied health professionals have many distractions from their work and from original motivations to become health caring professionals. Activities that detract from making meaningful connection with patients result in high levels of work dissatisfaction and burnout even at early stages of career or training. Narrative Medicine provides an antidote to these influences. It is an experiential discipline that draws on the Arts and Humanities, connects health professionals to their original motivation to care, cultivates the ability to engage patients and stimulates professional growth. When practiced with interdisciplinary teams, commonalities and mutual purpose are highlighted, promoting group cohesion and appreciation. The practice of this discipline and development of narrative competence relates closely to the advancement along numerous milestones, particularly Patient Care, Interpersonal and Communication Skills, and Professionalism. This article describes an experiential and didactic workshop presented at the 2019 Forum for Behavioral Science in Family Medicine which outlined a Narrative Medicine curriculum as taught at a community hospital Family Medicine residency. The curriculum is aimed at promoting residents’ professional development, personal wellbeing, and capacity to engage patients.
Bipolar disorder: Managing the peaks and valleys
Authors: Johnson W Michael , Fields Scott A , Bluett Ellen
Published: September 2020

Bipolar disorder is a psychiatric illness that is relatively common among patients presenting for treatment in primary care clinics. Physicians in primary care often face difficult decisions about how and when to intervene when a patient is experiencing depressive, manic, or hypomanic episodes consistent with bipolar disorder. This article reviews the literature on how to assess and diagnose bipolar disorder in primary care, and how to choose from the array of treatment options that exist. The psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy evidence base provides guidance on how to help patients effectively manage this ailment. Collaboration among health and mental health practitioners is key in helping manage the “peaks and valleys” of bipolar disorder. Special considerations need to be made to routinely assess for impulsivity, suicidality, and patient progress throughout the course of treatment.
Self-organizing probability neural network-based intelligent non-intrusive load monitoring with applications to low-cost residential measuring devices
Authors: Zhou Zejian , Xiang Yingmeng , Xu Hao , Wang Yishen , Shi Di , Wang Zhiwei
Published: September 2020

Non-intrusive load monitoring (NILM) is a critical technique for advanced smart grid management due to the convenience of monitoring and analysing individual appliances’ power consumption in a non-intrusive fashion. Inspired by emerging machine learning technologies, many recent non-intrusive load monitoring studies have adopted artificial neural networks (ANN) to disaggregate appliances’ power from the non-intrusive sensors’ measurements. However, back-propagation ANNs have a very limit ability to disaggregate appliances caused by the great training time and uncertainty of convergence, which are critical flaws for low-cost devices. In this paper, a novel self-organizing probabilistic neural network (SPNN)-based non-intrusive load monitoring algorithm has been developed specifically for low-cost residential measuring devices. The proposed SPNN has been designed to estimate the probability density function classifying the different types of appliances. Compared to back-propagation ANNs, the SPNN requires less iterative synaptic weights update and provides guaranteed convergence. Meanwhile, the novel SPNN has less space complexity when compared with conventional PNNs by the self-organizing mechanism which automatically edits the neuron numbers. These advantages make the algorithm especially favourable to low-cost residential NILM devices. The effectiveness of the proposed algorithm is demonstrated through numerical simulation by using the public REDD dataset. Performance comparisons with well-known benchmark algorithms have also been provided in the experiment section.
Common Ingroup Identity, Perceived Similarity, and Communal Interracial Relationships
Authors: Lemay Edward P. , Ryan Joshua E.
Published: September 2020

Integrating theory on interpersonal relationships and intergroup relations, this research examined the role of common ingroup recategorization (i.e., perceiving outgroup members as belonging to the same superordinate group as oneself) in fostering communal interracial relationships. A cross-sectional study (Study 1) and a short-term intensive longitudinal study (Study 2) involving Black and White friendship and romantic dyads suggested that recategorization predicted greater communal motivation and security via perceived similarity. These effects were found in terms of both enduring characteristics and changes over time. In turn, communal motivation and security predicted greater self-reported prosocial behavior and relationship satisfaction, suggesting that they are beneficial to interracial relationship quality. Communal motivation also predicted increases over time in recategorization and perceived similarity, suggesting bidirectional effects. Taken together, these results suggest a reciprocal process in which common ingroup recategorization and perceptions of similarity promote and derive from the communal nature of interracial relationships.
Rib fracture after median sternotomy for thymoma: an unreported complication
Authors: Pikin Oleg , Alexandrov Oleg , Bagrov Vladimir , Surkova Victoriya
Published: September 2020

A 47-year-old man was admitted to the clinic with histologically diagnosed thymoma of the anterior mediastinum, pT3N0M1a, stage IYA, type B3. He underwent surgery for primary tumor resection through a median sternotomy and left thoracotomy at the 7th intercostal space to remove pleural metastases. On the first postoperative day, massive bleeding occurred, a resternotomy was carried out but failed to save the patient. A fracture of the right first rib, which injured the right vertebral artery, had caused massive bleeding and was diagnosed at autopsy. Surgeons should keep in mind this potentially fatal complication of a median sternotomy.
Prevalence of self-reported pain-related temporomandibular disorders and association with psychological distress in a dental clinic setting
Authors: Chuinsiri Nontawat , Jitprasertwong Paiboon
Published: September 2020

Objectives

To investigate the prevalence of self-reported pain-related temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) and its association with psychological status in a dental clinic setting.

Methods

In this cross-sectional study, patients were asked to complete a TMD pain screener and the Patient Health Questionnaire-4 (PHQ-4). Correlations between symptoms of pain-related TMDs and PHQ-4 scores were analysed using Spearman’s correlation test. Symptoms of pain-related TMDs were compared between four groups of participants with different psychological profiles using the Kruskal–Wallis test followed by multiple comparisons. The level of significance was adjusted using the Dunn–Bonferroni test.

Results

The prevalence of self-reported pain-related TMDs was 22.2%. TMD pain score was positively correlated with PHQ-4 score. The high anxiety and the comorbidity groups had significantly higher TMD pain scores than the controls.

Conclusion

There was a high prevalence of self-reported pain-related TMDs, which was correlated with scores on all psychological assessment scales. Symptoms of pain-related TMDs were significantly greater in patients with high anxiety scores, regardless of depression level.
Transient visual acuity loss after spine surgery in the prone position: a case report and literature review
Authors: Xiong Jun , Liang Guiling , Hu Liang , Chen Wei , Deng Jie , Gu Jun , Li Yushi , Wang Guoyi , Sun Yongxing
Published: September 2020

Visual loss after spine surgery in the prone position is a disastrous postoperative complication because it is almost irreversible. Additionally, the optimal treatments and recommended professional guidelines for visual loss after spine surgery are deficient. A 43-year-old man developed visual loss after spine surgery in the prone position. Immediate ophthalmic consultation confirmed central retinal artery occlusion. Therefore, combined therapies were administered, including neurotrophy, anticoagulation, vasodilation, and adequate fluid infusion, followed by hyperbaric oxygen treatment. After active treatment, his visual acuity gradually recovered from 5 hours postoperatively and continued to improve thereafter. We reviewed the literature on postoperative visual loss with a focus on spine surgery in the prone position. Because the etiology of this complication is complex and has few effective treatments, the best method for its avoidance is to pay close attention to preventing it during surgery.
Immunophenotyping of Nonneoplastic and Neoplastic Histiocytes in Cats and Characterization of a Novel Cell Line Derived From Feline Progressive Histiocytosis
Authors: Hirabayashi Miyuki , Chambers James K. , Sumi Ayumi , Harada Kei , Haritani Makoto , Omachi Tetsuo , Kobayashi Tetsuya , Nakayama Hiroyuki , Uchida Kazuyuki
Published: September 2020

Histiocytic proliferative diseases are rare in cats, and their pathogenesis is poorly understood. In the present study, 25 cases of histiocytic sarcoma (HS) and 6 of feline progressive histiocytosis (FPH) were examined, and survival times were recorded in 19 cases. The immunophenotypes of tumor cells in these cases as well as of nonneoplastic feline histiocytes were characterized using formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues. An FPH cell line (AS-FPH01) and xenotransplant mouse model of FPH were also established. The median survival time of HS (150 days) was significantly shorter than that of FPH (470 days). Immunohistochemically, nonneoplastic histiocytes were immunopositive for various combinations of Iba-1, HLA-DR, E-cadherin, CD204, CD163, CD208, and MAC387. By immunohistochemistry, dermal interstitial dendritic cells (iDCs) and macrophages were CD204+/E-cadherin−, while epidermal Langerhans cells (LCs) were CD204−/E-cadherin+. Neoplastic cells of 4 FPH and 18 HS were CD204+/E-cadherin− (iDC/macrophage immunophenotype), while 2 FPH and 2 HS were CD204−/E-cadherin+ (LC immunophenotype), and 5 HS were CD204+/E-cadherin+ (LC-like cell immunophenotype). Furthermore, immunohistochemical and western blot analyses of AS-FPH01 cells derived from E-cadherin-negative FPH revealed that cultured cells were immunopositive for both CD204 and E-cadherin in vitro and in vivo. These results indicate that the neoplastic cells of feline HS and FPH were variably positive for iDC/macrophage and LC markers, and their immunophenotype changed in different microenvironments. The novel cell line established in the present study may serve as an experimental model of FPH that will enable further molecular and therapeutic studies on this disease.
Does board independence constrain insider opportunism?
Authors: Rahman Dewan , Faff Robert , Oliver Barry
Published: September 2020

We examine whether insider opportunism is reduced by board independence. Using a sample of 18,194 firm-year observations over the period 1996–2016, we show that board independence constrains opportunistic insider trading. Our identification strategy uses the Sarbanes–Oxley Act of 2002 (SOX Act) and associated changes to the listing rules of NYSE/NASDAQ as a source of exogenous shocks in board independence. Our results are economically significant as insider opportunism declines by about 10.5%. We find that insider trading restrictions is the channel through which board independence reduces insider opportunism. Our additional analyses show that in competitive and R&D (research and development) intensive firms, the impact of board independence on opportunism is less pronounced. We also find that board independence constrains opportunism only in less complex firms. However, in co-opted boards, independent directors are less effective. Overall, we support the monitoring channel of board independence for reducing insider opportunism.

JEL Classification: G14, G34, G40
An Integrated View of Information Feedback, Game Quality, and Autonomous Motivation for Evaluating Game-Based Learning Effectiveness
Authors: Liu Yi Chun , Wang Wei-Tsong , Lee Tzu-Lien
Published: September 2020

Critical factors that influence the value of digital game-based learning (DGBL) for enhancing learning effectiveness remain debatable. Based on the self-determination theory (SDT), people can be autonomously motivated to adopt DGBL to enhance learning effectiveness if their basic psychological needs are satisfied. Additionally, studies that simultaneously examine the effects of two critical factors of information feedback and game quality on students’ autonomous motivation and learning effectiveness in DGBL contexts are missing in the literature. This study integrates information feedback, game quality, and SDT to develop a research model for comprehending the effectiveness of DGBL systems. Data collected from 383 respondents was analyzed to validate our research model. The results showed that information feedback, game quality, and autonomous motivation significantly influenced students’ learning effectiveness and their continuance intention to use DGBL systems. Additionally, autonomous motivation indirectly influenced continuance intention via learning effectiveness. Implications for theory and for practice are discussed accordingly.
Perceptions of ADHD Symptoms in Adolescents With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: Attributions and Stigma
Authors: Varma Angela , Wiener Judith
Published: September 2020

This study investigated attributions and stigmatization self-perceptions of 40 adolescents with and 34 adolescents without ADHD for their problematic behaviors and ADHD as a disorder. Adolescents identified behaviors that they believed described them, indicated which of these behaviors was most problematic for them, and responded to a questionnaire regarding the extent to which this behavior was internally caused, controllable, pervasive, and stigmatizing. Compared to participants without ADHD, participants with ADHD endorsed more problematic behaviors including behaviors that are symptoms of ADHD, the impairment associated with ADHD, and commonly co-occurring disorders. They viewed the behavior that they identified as most problematic for them as more pervasive (stable and occurring in more contexts), uncontrollable, and stigmatizing than participants without ADHD. Adolescents with ADHD were less likely to view their most problematic behavior as pervasive and more likely to view it as stigmatizing than the disorder itself. Although adolescents with and without ADHD did not differ in the extent to which they attributed their most problematic behavior to internal causes, adolescents with ADHD were more likely to view the disorder itself as being caused by something inside them than their most problematic behavior.
Friendships of Adolescents With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
Authors: Maya Beristain Cynthia , Wiener Judith
Published: September 2020

The purpose of this study was to determine whether adolescents with and without attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) differ regarding their friendships. The sample comprised 107 adolescents (59 ADHD, 48 typically developing comparison), ages 13 to 18 years. Adolescents and their parents completed questionnaires that measured the number and duration of the adolescents’ friendships, the frequency of contact they had with their friends, and the characteristics of their friends. Adolescents with and without ADHD did not differ in the number of friends they nominated, the duration of their friendships, and the frequency of contact with friends. Adolescents with ADHD were more likely to have friends who were younger or older by two or more years and close friends with behavior problems than comparison adolescents. Girls with ADHD had fewer of their friendships corroborated by parents than girls without ADHD, and fewer of their best friends attending their school. Only girls with ADHD had friends whom they initially met online.
Directionality of Dating Violence Among High School Youth: Rates and Correlates by Gender and Sexual Orientation
Authors: Norris Alyssa L. , López Gabriela , Orchowski Lindsay M.
Published: September 2020

Sexual minority adolescents are at greater risk for experiencing teen dating violence (TDV) in their dating relationships. Although adolescents in dating relationships often report experiencing and perpetrating various forms of TDV, the directionality of TDV based on youth’s reported gender and sexual orientation is not known. A sample of 10th-grade students ( N = 1,622) recruited from high schools in the Northeastern United States completed assessments of TDV victimization and perpetration and reported their past-month heavy alcohol use and marijuana use. Sexual minority girls (58%) and boys (36%) were more likely to experience TDV than heterosexual girls (38%) and boys (25%), respectively. Sexual minority boys were less likely, although the confidence intervals included one, to engage in dual-role physical TDV (odds ratio [OR] = 0.14, 95% confidence interval [CI] [0.00, 1.26]) and threatening TDV (OR = 0.14, 95% CI [0.00, 1.02]), and instead were more likely to be victimized. In contrast, the profiles of TDV were similar for girls, with sexual minority girls only being more likely than heterosexual girls to report dual-role physical TDV (OR = 2.23, 95% CI [1.07, 4.66]). Compared with unidirectional TDV, bidirectional TDV was significantly associated with sexual minority girls’ substance use, but not with heterosexual girls’ substance use. Sexual minority youth report higher rates of TDV, with sexual minority boys being distinctly at-risk for being victimized within their dating relationships. Engagement in both TDV victimization and perpetration was distinctly associated with substance use for sexual minority girls, highlighting the need for integrated prevention efforts and support.
Employee involvement in innovation activities in hospitals: How perception matters
Authors: Busch-Casler Julia , Haubner Simone , Pinkwart Andreas
Published: September 2020

Employees are a very important source of innovation and essential for the generation, dissemination and implementation of these ideas throughout the organization. This is especially relevant when considering innovation in services during service (co-) creation such as within the healthcare sector. However, perceived employee involvement in innovation (EII) and between stakeholder group interactions in hospitals has not yet been studied in detail. This paper addresses the following research questions: “How do different employee groups perceive their involvement in the innovation process in hospitals and how do their actual involvement levels differ?” and (2) “How do different employee groups perceive their interaction with other employee groups in the innovation process and how do their actual interactions differ?” We analyzed a single typical German research hospital and conducted episodic interviews with employees representing different staff groups. We revealed that while all groups of employees are involved in innovation activities, perception of their involvement in innovation activities differs widely. There is a gap between perception and actual involvement particularly for lower level employees such as nurses. Further, their interaction differs among employee groups and innovation takes place in-group, rather than through group interaction. With our paper, we add to the understanding of perceived EII in hospitals and discuss measures for hospital management to increase EII.
Numerical analysis of the influence of RBCs on oxygen transport within a tissue with an embedded capillary network
Authors: Wang Yue-Ping , Tang Yuan-Liang , He Ying
Published: September 2020

In this paper, the oxygen transport in a capillary network and the surrounding tissue was simulated by considering the influence of red blood cells (RBCs). To simplify this problem, the erythrocytes as the oxygen carriers were modelled as one-dimensional (1 D) spheres, and oxygen and haemoglobin diffusion took place only in the radial direction. The direction of movement of the RBCs at the network bifurcations was determined by a probability function related to the ratio of the flow rate in the mother vessel to that in a daughter vessel. The capillaries were reduced to a skeleton structure that included vessels with different radii, lengths, and three-dimensional (3 D) coordinates. The capillary network was embedded in a 3 D tissue, which was considered as a homogeneous porous medium. The interactions between the capillary network and the surrounding tissue were solved by the immersed boundary method. The influence of RBC rheological behaviours, such as deformation capacity and flux, on oxygen transport were analysed. The oxygen dissociation capacity of the RBCs was also investigated. The results showed that when the RBCs’ deformation capacity was weakened, the probability of RBCs choosing large-flow daughter vessel at the bifurcation increased considerably, leading to a highly non-uniform distribution of RBCs in the network. The non-uniformity of the RBCs further led to partial hypoxia in regions through which no RBCs passed. In contrast, a lower haematocrit and weakening of the oxygen release capability led to the overall decline of oxygen partial pressure in the whole region.
Improved intelligent vehicle self-localization with integration of sparse visual map and high-speed pavement visual odometry
Authors: Huang Gang , Hu Zhaozheng , Tao Qianwen , Zhang Fan , Zhou Zhe
Published: September 2020

Localization is a fundamental requirement for intelligent vehicles. Conventional localization methods usually suffer from various limitations, such as low accuracy and blocked areas for Global Positioning System, high cost for inertial navigation system or light detection and ranging, and low robustness for visual simultaneous localization and mapping or visual odometry. To overcome these problems, we propose a novel localization method integrated with a sparse visual map and a high-speed pavement visual odometry. We use a lateral-view camera to sense the sparse visual map node for accurate map-based localization. We use a down-view high-speed camera for odometry computation between two sparse visual map nodes. With a high-speed camera, it is possible to extract and track pavement features with stable resolution imaging even in high-speed movement. We also develop a data-driven motion model for the Kalman filter to fuse the localization results from the sparse map and the high-speed pavement visual odometry to enhance vehicle localization. The proposed method was tested in two different scenarios in different pavement conditions. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method can improve vehicle localization with low cost and high feasibility.
Wearable sensing devices for upper limbs: A systematic review
Authors: Dong Mingjie , Fang Bin , Li Jianfeng , Sun Fuchun , Liu Huaping
Published: September 2020

Wearable sensing devices, which are smart electronic devices that can be worn on the body as implants or accessories, have attracted much research interest in recent years. They are rapidly advancing in terms of technology, functionality, size, and real-time applications along with the fast development of manufacturing technologies and sensor technologies. By covering some of the most important technologies and algorithms of wearable devices, this paper is intended to provide an overview of upper-limb wearable device research and to explore future research trends. The review of the state-of-the-art of upper-limb wearable technologies involving wearable design, sensor technologies, wearable computing algorithms and wearable applications is presented along with a summary of their advantages and disadvantages. Toward the end of this paper, we highlight areas of future research potential. It is our goal that this review will guide future researchers to develop better wearable sensing devices for upper limbs.
Eamon O’Sullivan: 20th-century Irish psychiatrist and occupational therapy patron
Authors: Pettigrew Judith , Shalvey Aisling , Dunne Bríd , Robinson Katie
Published: September 2020

The profession of occupational therapy was formalized in the USA in 1917. Many of its earliest proponents were psychiatrists, yet their role in the development of the profession has received limited attention. This paper addresses this gap by considering one of the earliest Irish psychiatrist patrons of occupational therapy: Dr Eamon O’Sullivan (1897–1966) of Killarney Mental Hospital, Co Kerry, who developed an occupational therapy department in 1934. A textbook written by O’Sullivan reflects core philosophies articulated by occupational therapy’s founders, and these philosophies were evident in practice at his hospital. Some inconsistencies between O’Sullivan’s writings and practice are identified. In the absence of patient testimonies, it is not possible to resolve questions about the potential exploitation of patients through work as therapy.
Epistolary cognition: The family letters of Rosalie Calvert
Authors: Harding Jennifer R
Published: September 2020

This article argues for the distinctive nature of cognition involved in correspondence, arguing that this cognition is highly creative and in corollary, arguing that this cognition is positioned within social and cultural conditions that must be considered in a full analysis. The author argues that letters are often written from the perspective of an “embodied epistolary present,” the letter writer’s temporal, spatial, and corporeal viewpoint depicted through the use of present tense and other markers. The author further elaborates the relationship between correspondence and common ground. The embodied epistolary present facilitates the “imagined copresence” of writer and recipient (possible through conceptual blending), which the author describes as “the fictitious conceit that a recipient is present to serve as an interlocutor during the writer’s embodied compositional present.” Like the face-to-face conversation that it simulates, epistolary discourse depicted with imagined copresence relies on the common ground shared by the writer and recipient; the author argues that the common ground also shapes other discourse modes present in correspondence including narrative episodes and reporting. The author further shows that epistolary discourse reflects cultural norms, shaping what writers include and elide. To demonstrate all these points, the author draws examples from the letter collection Mistress of Riversdale: The Plantation Letters of Rosalie Stier Calvert, 1795–1821, edited by Margaret Law Callcott (1992). Calvert was a plantation mistress in postrevolutionary Maryland who corresponded with intimate relatives in Belgium; as such, Calvert’s letters demonstrate both the imaginative work that letters deploy and the common ground that shapes epistolary content.
Scores of the Cleft Hearing, Appearance and Speech Questionnaire (CHASQ) in Swedish Participants With Cleft lip and/or Cleft Palate and a Control Population
Authors: Stiernman Mia , Klintö Kristina , Persson Martin , Becker Magnus
Published: September 2020

Objective:

The primary aim of this study was to investigate whether there was any difference in scores of the Cleft Hearing, Appearance and Speech Questionnaire (CHASQ) between patients with cleft lip and/or cleft palate (CL/P) and a control population. The second aim was to compare CL/P and control population scores in this study with a British norm CL/P population.

Design:

Single-site, cross-sectional study with an age-matched control population.

Setting:

Participants were recruited from a hospital, a school, and a sports club. They answered the CHASQ in the hospital or at home.

Participants:

Sixty-four participants with CL/P (7-19 years of age) and a control population of 56 participants without CL/P (9-20 years of age).

Main Outcome Measure:

CHASQ.

Results:

There was no statistically significant difference in satisfaction with cleft-related features between the CL/P and the control population. Participants with CL/P were significantly more satisfied with non-cleft-related features than the control population. Cleft Hearing, Appearance and Speech Questionnaire scores were also similar to earlier established British normative data of a CL/P population.

Conclusion:

The results indicated that children and young people with CL/P were as satisfied with their appearance, hearing, and speech as children and young people without CL/P. Swedish CHASQ scores were also similar to British scores.
Functional and Visionary Leadership in Self-Managing Virtual Teams
Authors: Eseryel U. Yeliz , Crowston Kevin , Heckman Robert
Published: September 2020

In this conceptual article, we present a theory of leadership in self-managing virtual teams. We describe leadership in this setting as a process that results in the creation, reinforcement, and evolution of shared mental models and shared norms that influence team member behavior toward the successful accomplishment of shared goals. We distinguish two types of leadership. We identify leadership that works within and reinforces existing models and norms to influence team contributions as “functional” leadership. We identify leadership that results in changes in models and norms as “visionary” leadership. We propose that successful self-managing virtual teams require both types of leadership and that they will exhibit a paradoxical combination of shared, distributed functional leadership complemented by strong, concentrated, and centralized visionary leadership and that visionary leadership is enabled by functional leadership in the form of substantive team member contributions.
A Tale of 2 Morphologies: Diagnostic Pitfalls in TFEB-Associated Renal Cell Carcinomas, Including a Novel NEAT1-TFEB Fusion
Authors: Sharma Aarti E. , Parilla Megan , Wanjari Pankhuri , Segal Jeremy P. , Antic Tatjana
Published: September 2020

Aims

Translocation-associated renal cell carcinomas (RCCs) have been extensively subcharacterized in recent years, such that each is largely recognized by the 2016 World Health Organization as categorical neoplastic entities in the genitourinary tract. Those belonging to the t(6;11) family of tumors classically have a fusion between TFEB and MALAT1/α, and display a particular histomorphology. Specifically, they show a biphasic population of both small and large epithelioid cells, the smaller component of which surrounds basement membrane-type material. Despite this apt description, the tumors have variable morphology and mimic other RCCs including those with TFE3 translocations. Therefore, a high degree of suspicion is required to make the correct diagnosis.

Methods

The 2 cases described in this article were of strikingly different appearance, and initially considered consistent with other non-translocation–associated renal tumors. These included clear cell RCC (CCRCC), perivascular epithelioid cell tumor (PEComa), and other eosinophilic RCCs (mainly papillary RCC type 2).

Results

Using RNA sequencing techniques, they were found to harbor distinct pathogenic rearrangements involving the TFEB gene, namely, fusions with CLTC and NEAT1 (the latter partnering heretofore never reported).

Conclusions

These alterations manifested in 2 notably dissimilar lesions, underscoring the importance of including this family of carcinomas in the differential of any renal neoplasm that does not display immunophenotypic characteristics consistent with its morphology.
Methodological Issues and Controversies in COVID-19 Coagulopathy: A Tale of Two Storms
Authors: Berkman Samuel A , Tapson Victor F
Published: September 2020

Venous thromboembolism, occlusion of dialysis catheters, circuit thrombosis in ECMO devices, all in the face of prophylactic and sometimes even therapeutic anti-coagulation, are frequent features of COVID-19 coagulopathy. The trials available to guide clinicians are methodologically limited. There are several unresolved controversies including 1) Should all hospitalized patients with COVID-19 receive prophylactic anti-coagulation? 2) Which patients should have their dosage escalated to intermediate dose? 3) Which patients should be considered for full-dose anti-coagulation even without a measurable thromboembolic event and how should that anti-coagulation be monitored? 4) Should patients receive post-discharge anti-coagulation? 5) What thrombotic issues are related to the various medications being used to treat this coagulopathy? 6) Is anti-phospholipid anti-body part of this syndrome? 7) How do the different treatments for this disease impact the coagulation issues? The aims of this article are to explore these questions and interpret the available data based on the current evidence.
Inferior rectus pulled-in-two syndrome: Surgical results after anterior and nasal transposition of the inferior oblique muscle
Authors: Serafino Massimiliano , Lembo Andrea , Scaramuzzi Matteo , Dellavalle Andrea , Nucci Paolo
Published: September 2020

Pulled-in-two syndrome (PITS) is a serious intraoperative complication of strabismus surgery in which an extraocular muscle manipulated during the procedure is ruptured and potentially lost. Usually, there is a systemic or local condition that determines muscle weakness when put under tension. If the proximal portion of the broken muscle can be found, it can be reattached to the ocular globe or remaining muscle. If this is not possible, there are multiple varying approaches. We present three cases of PITS of the inferior rectus muscle, treated with good results with anterior and nasal transposition of the inferior oblique muscle. We propose this surgery as another potential technique if the muscle can not be retrieved.
A randomised clinical trial of ultrasound guided cannulation of difficult fistulae for dialysis access
Authors: Eves Joshua , Cai Paris , Latham Ross , Leung Clement , Carradice Daniel , Chetter Ian , Smith George
Published: September 2020

Background:

Arteriovenous fistulae (AVF) are preferred for dialysis access but require accurate cannulation for effective dialysis. Evidence supports improvements in cannulation and complication rates using ultrasound guidance (USG) in cannulating other sites. This mixed methods, randomised controlled trial aimed to assess effects of USG during AVF cannulation.

Methods:

Participants with difficult to cannulate AVF had each cannulation event randomised to USG or standard technique (no USG). The primary outcome was the incidence and number of additional needle passes. Secondary outcomes included: the incidence and number of additional skin punctures; time to achieve two needle cannulation; pain associated with cannulation; local complications. Qualitative outcomes were assessed using patient and staff questionnaires.

Results:

Thirty-two participants had 346 cannulation events randomised (170 to USG and 176 to standard cannulation). USG resulted in a significant reduction in additional needle passes (72 vs 99 p = 0.007) and additional skin punctures (10 vs 25 p = 0.016.) but prolonged time to cannulation ( p > 0.001). There was no difference in pain score ( p = 0.705) or complications between groups. Questionnaires demonstrated that USG cannulation is acceptable to patients and staff.

Conclusion:

USG cannulation of AVF is more accurate and no more painful than non-image guided cannulation, but prolonged time to cannulation. Some of the excess time involved may be due to the trial being performed early in cannulating staff’s learning curve with the USG technique. Further work to elucidate which patients gain most benefit from USG cannulation and the effect of USG on cannulation complications and AVF patency is warranted.
The challenge of stent placement within cannulation zones of Arteriovenous Fistulae
Authors: Mallios Alexandros , Bourquelot Pierre , Jennings William C
Published: September 2020

Background:

Stent placement in the cannulation zone of AVF is becoming alarmingly frequent and sometimes in cases where surgical management would be more appropriate. When complications arise repair can be particularly challenging. We present our experience and management of this problem.

Methods:

We report our experience on three patients (two females and one male, mean age 72) that were referred to our department for problems related to stents placed at the cannulation segments.

Results:

All patients required complex surgical interventions. In two of them maintenance of access was possible but required the use of a graft. In one complete resection of the AVF and all stents was necessary, and the patient remained on dialysis through catheter.

Conclusion:

Stent placement at the cannulation zones may complicate access management in the future and should be avoided if possible.
Healthcare Systems Strengthening in Smaller Cities in Bangladesh: Geospatial Insights From the Municipality of Dinajpur
Authors: Hasan Shaikh Mehdi , Borces Kyle Gantuangco , Bhattacharyya Dipika Shankar , Ahmed Shakil , Ali Azam , Adams Alayne
Published: September 2020

Throughout South Asia a proliferation of cities and middle-sized towns is occurring. While larger cities tend to receive greater attention in terms national level investments, opportunities for healthy urban development abound in smaller cities, and at a moment where positive trajectories can be established. In Bangladesh, municipalities are growing in size and tripled in number especially district capitals. However, little is known about the configuration of health services to hold these systems accountable to public health goals of equity, quality, and affordability. This descriptive quantitative study uses data from a GIS-based census and survey of health facilities to identify gaps and inequities in services that need to be addressed. Findings reveal a massive private sector and a worrisome lack of primary and some critical care services. The study also reveals the value of engaging municipal-level decision makers in mapping activities and analyses to enable responsive and efficient healthcare planning.
The grieving killjoy: Bereavement, alienation and cultural critique
Authors: Kofod Ester H
Published: September 2020

In recent years, a range of scholars have put forth critical analyses of the consequences of the ideals of happiness, future-orientedness, and productivity which dominate contemporary Western cultures. The experience of grief—with its sadness, preoccupation with the past, and lack of initiative—is inherently at odds with such ideals. This conflict between grief and cultural ideals of happiness is reflected in the recent efforts within bereavement research to delineate pathological mourning from uncomplicated, normative mourning. While the latter is characterized by a gradual decline in emotional pain, sadness, lack of initiative, etc., complicated mourning is marked by a failure to meet normative standards for recovery. In this article, I will draw on loss experiences among bereaved parents in contemporary Danish society in order to shed light on how profound losses may catalyze estrangement from and opposition toward what has been termed the happiness imperative of contemporary Western societies. More specifically, I borrow the figure of the feminist killjoy, paraphrased as the grieving killjoy, as a lens through which bereavement experiences may be theorized and understood as a starting point for experientially driven cultural critique.
The right-time web: Theorizing the kairologic of algorithmic media
Authors: Bucher Taina
Published: September 2020

Facebook’s goal for their “News Feed is to show everyone the right content at the right time so they don’t miss the stories that are important to them.” In a mediated environment obsessed with real-time–of near instantaneous content production and delivery–the question of what constitutes right-time has curiously been overlooked. In this article, I argue that the notion of right-time presented in the above mission statement is reflective not just of Facebook’s algorithmic workings but also of a new temporal regime produced by an increasingly algorithmic media landscape. The article draws on social theory, media studies, and rhetoric, as well as a variety of empirical materials such as patent documents, media industry documents and public discourse to argue for the existence of an “Eigenzeit” of algorithmic media that hinges on the classic Greek notion of “kairos,” understood as an opportune time, timeliness, or indeed, “right-time.”
Temporal arbitrage, fragmented rush, and opportunistic behaviors: The labor politics of time in the platform economy
Authors: Chen Julie Yujie , Sun Ping
Published: September 2020

This article examines how on-demand service workers on digital platforms make and live their time in the case of China’s food delivery industry. Using ethnographic data, the study elucidated multiple facets of couriers’ temporality in their struggle to meet the exacting delivery time imposed by platforms while moving through biased urban spaces as marginalized temporal subjects. It is argued that a new temporal order, referred to as temporal arbitrage in this study, has been normalized in the recent platform economy. It shifts the customer’s cultural expectation to on-demand service at the expense of an increasingly hectic tempo for the workers. We demonstrate the mundane, and sometimes opportunistic, tactics deployed by workers to reconstruct their temporality. The article connects the workers’ temporality to the urban spaces, digital work process, and socioeconomic structures. It fills an important research gap by addressing the under-explored yet essential temporal dimensions in the expanding “just-in-time” labor force.
Soot reduction for cleaner Compression Ignition Engines through innovative bowl templates
Authors: Pastor José V , García Antonio , Micó Carlos , Lewiski Felipe
Published: September 2020

Considering the need of pollutant emissions reduction and the high cost of the after-treatment systems, in-cylinder solutions for pollutant reduction are becoming more and more relevant. Among different proposals, new piston geometries are considered an attractive solution for reducing both soot and nitrogen oxides emissions in compression ignition engines. For this reason, this paper evaluates the soot formation and combustion characteristics of a novel piston geometry proposal, called stepped lip-wave, for light-duty engines. It is compared with other two well-known bowl geometries: re-entrant and stepped lip. The study was performed in an optical single-cylinder direct injection compression ignition engine. Two optical techniques (2 color pyrometry and OH* chemiluminescence) were applied for analyzing soot formation in each piston geometry. Test were performed at different engine loads, fuel injection characteristics and exhaust gas recirculation configuration. The re-entrant piston presents higher soot formation and a slower late oxidation process in comparison with the other two geometries. Stepped lip and stepped lip-wave present similar soot formation levels. However, stepped lip-wave showed a more efficient and faster soot oxidation process during the final combustion stages. Results confirm the potential of the stepped lip-wave concept to reduce soot emissions and achieve a cleaner energy production system.
Crosshead bearing analysis for low-speed marine diesel engines based on a multi-body tribo-dynamic model
Authors: Li Rui , Meng Xianghui , Liu Ruichao , Muhammad Rizwan , Li Wenda , Dong Jingjin
Published: September 2020

An optimized lubrication condition of the crosshead bearing in low-speed marine diesel engines is pivotal to its prolonged service life, because the bearing oscillates at a low speed and the direction of the high load is always downward. Theoretical studies on the tribology of the crosshead bearing are very limited, with existing studies ignoring the effects of connecting rod inertia. Herein, a new multi-body tribo-dynamic model for the engine is presented by coupling the dynamics models of the connecting rod, piston assembly, and crosshead assembly with the mixed lubrication models of the multiple lubricated joints including the crosshead bearing. Based on this new multi-body tribo-dynamic model, the bearing load, journal center trajectories, friction torque, and minimum oil film thickness were calculated and compared with those based on the simplified method used in the previous literatures. The results show that due to the connecting rod inertia, the bearing load in the transverse direction calculated by the simplified algorithm is different from that calculated by the tribo-dynamic model proposed in this study. Compared with the results based on the previous simplified method, the inertia of the connecting rod reduces the friction torque of the bearing, especially at the end of the upward stroke.