bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Estudio del Fenómeno de Difusión de Colorantes Naturales en Cerezas en Conserva Elaboradas con Polialcoholes
Authors: GONZALEZ PACHECO Juan Ignacio , MALDONADO Mariela Beatriz
Published: October 2024

Esta tesis investiga la viabilidad de reemplazar los colorantes sintéticos en las cerezas confitadas con pigmentos naturales extraídos del rábano, la remolacha y la gardenia, abordando la creciente demanda de los consumidores de productos alimenticios más saludables y naturales. El estudio abarca un análisis de la estabilidad y la cinética de difusión de estos colorantes naturales dentro de la matriz de la cereza durante un proceso de confitado. La primera fase de la investigación se centra en caracterizar la estabilidad de los colorantes naturales seleccionados en diversas condiciones de procesamiento, como su resistencia a las fluctuaciones de temperatura, la exposición a la luz y las variaciones de pH. La segunda fase profundiza en el intrincado proceso de difusión del colorante dentro de los tejidos de la cereza. Empleando una combinación de técnicas experimentales y modelos matemáticos, se cuantificó la cinética de difusión de cada colorante en pulpa y piel de la cereza durante el endulzamiento con una formulación de 50%sacarosa/50%xilitol de 35 Bx. Esto implicó analizar la influencia de las variables clave de procesamiento, como la temperatura (40, 50 y 60°C), la concentración de colorante (119, 238 y 357 ppm) durante el tiempo de impregnación, en la velocidad de transporte y el grado de difusión del pigmento. Al dilucidar los mecanismos subyacentes que rigen el transporte del colorante dentro de la matriz de la fruta, se estableció un modelo matemático predictivo (1D) como primera aproximación, quedando avanzar en más dimensiones (2D y 3D), para optimizar el proceso de confitado. Parte de la metodología y resultados presentados ha sido publicada en la revista Scientific Reports de Nature.
Caracterización de Redes Estelares
Authors: CASATTI Martín Gustavo , MARCISZACK Marcelo Martín , FEINSTEIN Carlos
Published: October 2024

El presente trabajo expone los resultados obtenidos a partir del pre procesamiento, estructuración y posterior análisis de datos astronómicos a los fines de generar una red de datos asociados a observaciones de estrellas en galaxias cercanas, más específicamente en las Nubes de Magallanes a fin de caracterizar dicha estructura y comprobar sus similitudes y diferencias con respecto a una estructura conocida y ampliamente analizada denominada "Redes de Mundo Pequeño", estructura que reviste una especial importancia a la hora de seleccionar algoritmos de detección de comunidades, los cuales funcionan de manera particularmente eficiente cuando el grafo subyacente presenta una estructura de “Mundo Pequeño”. Se presentan todos los pasos previos de adecuación y estandarización de datos, los filtros aplicados para eliminar información redundante o innecesaria, la determinación de atributos y datos relacionables, la construcción del grafo subyacente y el posterior análisis del mismo. Por último, se exponen las conclusiones obtenidas y los próximos pasos a seguir en la investigación.
Tren de Pulsos para Análisis en el Tiempo
Authors: ZAMBRANO Abel , FRAU Carlos , AGUIAR Roberto
Published: October 2024

En este trabajo se propone un registro sintético compuesto por tres acelerogramas recortados, que se obtienen a partir de la extracción de pulsos de velocidad. Este registro propuesto se denomina tren de pulsos. Se explica el procedimiento para la extracción de los pulsos de velocidad y la conformación de los trenes de pulsos a partir de esos registros recortados. Se analiza la respuesta de cuatro trenes de pulsos, cada uno formado por tres registros recortados con diferentes órdenes de configuración, y se compara con la respuesta del conjunto de tres registros completos. Se calcula la respuesta en el tiempo por el método Beta de Newmark y se obtienen los espectros de respuesta elástica de aceleración, velocidad y desplazamiento. Para el rango inelástico se calculan los espectros de desplazamientos para diferentes factores de reducción de resistencia a la cedencia.
Saira ALI, Mediatised Terrorism: East-West Narratives of Risk (London and New York, Routledge, 2022)
Authors: Çolakoğlu Seda
Published: October 2024

There is a growing body of literature in the social sciences that suggests that we live in a world surrounded by narratives that construct and interpret particular understandings of reality, that serve to make sense of the world. Following the understanding that everyone and everything has a narrative in the world we live in; it would not be wrong to say that these narratives appear in every shape and dimension. For instance, since the media also has a story to tell, we hear, watch, see and witness a wide variety of stories from the media. The media is therefore the producer and distributor of narratives. However, this emphasis has a deeper implication, namely that news stories are not simply a spiral of words describing events. This is because the media convey news to the receiving public by representing, constructing, and reconstructing it (through narratives).
Sogo Angel OLONFINBIYI, On The Crisis of Boko Haram Terrorism: Causes and Perspectives (New York, Routledge, 2023)
Authors: Tugay Burcu
Published: October 2024

The book is based on data insights obtained through qualitative research using in-depth interviews with 40 participants while presenting an analysis of the socio-economic factors that are the major reason for Boko Haram terrorism in Nigeria. The general motivation of the research consisting of nine general headings is the unabated radicalization of Boko Haram jihadists in Nigeria in the last decade. These headings are “General Introduction and Analytical Explanation of Key Concepts in Terrorism Studies”, “Towards a Demystification of Pervasive Understanding of Boko Haram Terrorism”, “Patterns That Maintain the Boko Haram Terrorism in Nigeria”, “Boko Haram Insurgency Democratic Failure and Youth Degeneration Into Terrorism in Nigeria”, “Boko Haram Terrorism and Socio-Economic Decays in Nigeria”, “Community Policing as an Antidote for Terrorism Lessons From Boko Haram Phenomenon”, “Theories and Perspectives on Terrorism: A Boko Haram Model Analysis”, “Methodology and Qualitative Research Strategy” and a final section, titled “Summary and General Conclusion” that sheds light on the main causes of Boko Haram terrorism and seeks answers to the research questions of the study (who, what, when, where, why and how) with reference to the book in general.
Toni HAASTRUP, Luis MAH and Niall DUGGAN (eds.), The Routledge Handbook of EU-Africa Relations
Authors: Yıldız Tuğçe
Published: October 2024

The Routledge Handbook of EU-Africa Relations is a timely and pioneering volume that offers a comprehensive analysis of the evolving interaction and collaboration between the European Union (EU) and Africa. The work brings together contributions from scholars with diverse viewpoints, critical analysis, and expertise on EU-Africa relations. By blending historical contexts, contemporary dynamics, and future-oriented insights, this seminal volume offers a holistic understanding of EU-Africa relations with five parts that each part delve into specific aspects of the relationship, including historical and theoretical perspectives (Part I), governance frameworks (Part II), key issues (Part III), the role of external actors (Part IV), and opportunities for cooperation in tackling global challenges (Part V).
One of the most remarkable aspects of this volume is its bold interrogation of the asymmetrical relationship between the EU and Africa, as well as the prevailing Eurocentric narratives in the study of EU-Africa relations. In fact, some chapters deliberately use the term “Africa-EU relations” to emphasize a shift in literature, challenging dominant narratives and promoting a more inclusive and diverse scholarship. By navigating the complexities of this relationship, the handbook sheds light on underlying dynamics and offers practical modalities for consolidating and strengthening the partnership between the two continents.
Population biology of crab Hapalogaster dentata parasitized by rhizocephalan Briarosaccus hoegi in the northwestern Sea of Japan
Authors: Korn OM , Golubinskaya DD , Selin NI , Kalachev AV
Published: October 2024

We studied the population and reproductive characteristics of the stone crab Hapalogaster dentata (De Haan, 1849) (Anomura: Lithodidae) parasitized by Briarosaccus hoegi (Rhizocephala: Peltogastridae) from Peter the Great Bay (northwestern Sea of Japan) in 2023. The sex structure of the H. dentata population was female-biased and represented by 39.1% males and 60.9% females. The size-frequency distribution differed between males and females. The prevalence of parasitization of H. dentata by B. hoegi reached 6.7%. No relationship between crab sex and parasitization prevalence was found. Most of the parasitized specimens (94.8%) had only a single parasitic externa. The non-parasitized and parasitized crabs did not differ in main carapace length. The pleopods in most of the externa-bearing females were shortened or completely atrophied. H. dentata produced 1 clutch per year with ovigerous females occurring from October to May. An obvious delay in embryonic development was observed in winter. None of the parasitized H. dentata females were ovigerous. Externae with embryos of B. hoegi were found from May to July.
KECERDASAN EMOSIONAL DAN PENDIDIKAN AGAMA ISLAM (Telaah Atas Pemikiran Darwis Hude)
Authors: Salsabilatussa Salsabilatussa , Akmal
Published: October 2024

Abstract: The purpose of this study is to analyze Darwis Hude's thoughts on emotional intelligence and describe its relevance to the relevance of Islamic Religious Education. This study uses library research and focuses on studying emotional intelligence according to Darwis Hude which is contained in his book Emotions: Religious-Psychological Exploration of Human Emotions in the Qur'an. The analysis technique used is content analysis. The findings of this study are the relevance of emotional intelligence according to Darwis Hude, namely directing educators to understand emotional intelligence that will be able to control facial expressions, voice, attitude and behavior when carrying out the teaching and learning process in the classroom. The deeper a person studies his emotions, the deeper a person's faith. Because he knows that the emotions in him will produce something good if managed properly.
Wallerstein, Immanuel M. (2013). Sosyal Bilimleri Düşünmemek: 19. Yüzyılın Paradigmasının Sınırları
Authors: Yılmaz Yelda
Published: October 2024

Immanuel M. Wallerstein (1930-2019), sosyal bilimlerin küresel düzeyde nasıl yapılandığına ve kapitalist dünya ekonomisinin dinamiklerini anlamaya yönelik çalışmaları bulunan dünya sistemleri analistidir. Wallerstein’ın “Sosyal Bilimleri Düşünmemek: 19. Yüzyıl Paradigmalarının Sınırları” (orijinal adıyla “Unthinking Social Science: Limits Of 19Th Century Paradigms”) adlı eseri, sosyal bilimlerin tarihsel bağlamını ve krizlerini ele alan önemli bir incelemedir. Kitap, sosyal bilimlerin paradigmal sınırlarını sorgulamak ve bu alanların yeniden yapılandırılmasına dair önerilerde bulunmak amacıyla kaleme alınmıştır. Wallerstein, özellikle 19. yüzyılda ortaya çıkan sosyal bilimlerin paradigmal yapısının, günümüz dünyasında sosyal bilimlerin etkinliğini nasıl sınırladığını tartışmaktadır. Kitap, sosyal bilimlerin yapılandırılmasına yönelik yeni bir perspektif sunarak akademik camiada önemli bir tartışma başlatmıştır. Wallerstein’ın güçlü eleştiri yeteneği ve geniş tarihsel bakış açısı, sosyal bilimlerin krizlerinin anlaşılmasına ve çözüm önerilerinin geliştirilmesine katkıda bulunmaktadır. Eser, sosyal bilimlerin 19. yüzyıldaki paradigmalarını ve bu paradigmaların sınırlamalarını ele alarak kapsamlı ve bütünsel bir şekilde değerlendirilmesi gerektiğini öne sürmektedir. Sosyal bilimlerdeki geleneksel yaklaşımların ötesine geçerek çağdaş bir yapılanma öneren bu kitabın, sunduğu katkılar ve yenilikçi perspektifler nedeniyle akademik literatürde önemli bir inceleme konusu olarak değerlendirilebileceği düşünülmektedir.
THEORETICAL FOUNDATIONS OF CRIME PREVENTION FOR PERSONS STUDYING IN EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS
Authors:   Chechen State University, Grozny, Russia, YARYCHEV N.U. , NAGOEVA M.A. ,   North Caucasus Institute for Advanced Studies (branch) of the Krasnodar University of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, Nalchik, Russia
Published: October 2024

The article analyzes the basics of security in the field of education, its characteristics and aspects of crime among people studying in institutions and organizations of basic and additional education. In part, the subject of the research work is represented by the basics and tools for preventing socially dangerous acts committed by adolescents and young people. The authors elaborate in detail proposals and recommendations developed on the basis of new ideas and systematization of knowledge related to the criminological security of the education system, to neutralize crime in this area by influencing persons studying in educational institutions and organizations.
SIGNIFICANT ELEMENTS OF THE CRIMINALISTIC CHARACTERISTICS OF FRAUD ON THE INTERNET
Authors:   North Caucasus Institute for Advanced Studies (branch) of Krasnodar University of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, Nalchik, Russian Federation, KOLIEV V.V.
Published: October 2024

This article examines such significant elements of the criminalistic characteristics of fraud on the Internet as traces; the place of fraud; the persons who committed the crime; individual technical characteristics of the crime instrument; the focus of the actions performed; difficulties in identifying the location of the completion of the crime; lack of direct contact between the victim and the perpetrator; features of the transfer of the stolen. The author notes computer and traditional traces as typical traces of modern Internet fraud, defines the place (location) of fraudulent actions on the Internet, provides possible locations, characterizes the personality of the criminal, including, based on the analysis of criminal case materials, typical characteristics of the attacker’s personality when he implements fraudulent actions are noted. The author touches upon the issues of increasing the effectiveness of the investigation of the investigated category of criminal acts, and gives recommendations on the rational organization of the investigator’s actions.
Comparison of non-premixed and premixed flamelets for ultra WET aero engine combustion conditions
Authors: Hiestermann Marian , Haeringer Matthias , Dèsor Marcel , Polifke Wolfgang
Published: October 2024

The Water-Enhanced Turbofan (WET) is a future concept for aero engine applications being developed by MTU Aero Engines AG. Steam is injected into the combustion chamber to reduce temperature peaks and emission of pollutants. Depending on the steam content, the combustion process is modified. To analyze the effect of steam on the reaction kinetics and the temperature, detailed chemistry has to be employed. By comparing laminar flame speed and mole fraction distribution across the flame front, an appropriate chemical mechanism for the considered operating conditions including high steam loads was selected. Tabulated chemistry based on flamelets was employed, which enables the use of complex mechanisms in CFD analysis at reasonable computational costs. A comparison of premixed freely propagating flames and non-premixed counterflow diffusion flames to represent the manifolds was investigated. Various definitions of the progress variable are studied for ultra WET combustion considered under aero engine conditions. The manifolds from both model flames are compared from dry to ultra WET conditions with kerosene in an adapted Sandia Flame D large eddy simulation. While the premixed flamelets are generated efficiently, the results obtained with non-premixed flamelets are more reliable for the range of operating conditions investigated.
Transforming "Swedish Dads"
Authors: Mitchell Sarah
Published: October 2024

In a globalized context, modern nation states use nation branding techniques to promote their position in the global social order. This article takes a cultural approach to a specific nation branding project, viewing it as a means through which the Swedish nation is ‘imagined’ in relation to idealized representations of Swedish fathers.
 
From 2016 to 2019, the Swedish state (via the Swedish Institute) circulated a photo exhibition entitled Swedish Dads to over 40 countries. Swedish Dads was originally an artistic project by a Swedish photographer but was adapted for international circulation by the Swedish Institute. This article aims to examine what the Swedish Institute communicated through their version of Swedish Dads, studied against the backdrop of the original project. Specifically, the article explores what this adapted version communicates about Swedish fathers, but also about the Swedish state and Sweden more broadly.
 
A multimodal discourse analysis was used to analyze the photographs and texts from both versions of Swedish Dads, as well as two key informant interviews. Empirical findings suggest that the adapted version of Swedish Dads was transformed by removing visual and textual allusions to the chaos, complications, and difficulties of family life. Instead, this version positioned Sweden as diverse, inclusive, and integrated country where the average – rather than the exceptional – Swedish father takes extended periods of parental leave.
 
The article concludes that these transformations resulted in a (re)imagining of Swedish fathers to include more cultural diversity. However, the adapted version was still relatively homogenous in terms of social class, with mostly middle-class fathers being included. In this way, the adapted version of Swedish Dads potentially reinforces the hegemony of middle-class parenting norms and middle-class notions of gender equality by positioning them as a universal ‘gold standard’ to which all (fathers and nations) should aspire.
Agile project management for sustainable residential construction: A study of critical success factors
Authors: Kineber Ahmed Farouk , Oke Ayodeji Emmanuel , Elshaboury Nehal , Abunada Ziyad , Elseknidy Mohamed , Zamil Ahmad , Alhusban Mohammad , Ilori Samuel Adebobola
Published: October 2024

Sustainability principles should be incorporated into all decision-making stages for residential construction projects to ensure maximum revenue while maintaining essential residential building services. This study identifies and analyzes the critical success factors (CSFs) necessary for implementing agile project management (APM) in residential construction projects. Data were collected from 120 professionals in the Nigerian construction industry through questionnaire surveys to understand the implementation of APM. The CSFs were obtained from previous research and analyzed within the specific context of the Nigerian construction industry through questionnaire surveys. The CSFs were grouped into two main categories using exploratory factor analysis: dynamic project optimization and agile project foundations. The model for the CSFs was developed using partial least squares structural equation modeling. The study found that the dynamic project optimization element had the most significant impact on the model, highlighting its importance as a key CSF in APM implementation. These results support the adoption of APM within Nigeria’s construction industry as stakeholders and professionals seek effective strategies to reduce costs and improve sustainability.
Emerging roles of cancer-associated histone mutations in genomic instabilities
Authors: Yadav Priyanka , Jain Ronit , Yadav Rajesh Kumar
Published: October 2024

Epigenetic mechanisms often fuel the quick evolution of cancer cells from normal cells. Mutations or aberrant expressions in the enzymes of DNA methylation, histone post-translational modifications, and chromatin remodellers have been extensively investigated in cancer pathogenesis; however, cancer-associated histone mutants have gained momentum in recent decades. Next-generation sequencing of cancer cells has identified somatic recurrent mutations in all the histones (H3, H4, H2A, H2B, and H1) with different frequencies for various tumour types. Importantly, the well-characterised H3K27M, H3G34R/V, and H3K36M mutations are termed as oncohistone mutants because of their wide roles, from defects in cellular differentiation, transcriptional dysregulation, and perturbed epigenomic profiles to genomic instabilities. Mechanistically, these histone mutants impart their effects on histone modifications and/or on irregular distributions of chromatin complexes. Recent studies have identified the crucial roles of the H3K27M and H3G34R/V mutants in the DNA damage response pathway, but their impacts on chemotherapy and tumour progression remain elusive. In this review, we summarise the recent developments in their functions toward genomic instabilities and tumour progression. Finally, we discuss how such a mechanistic understanding can be harnessed toward the potential treatment of tumours harbouring the H3K27M, H3G34R/V, and H3K36M mutations.
Multidimensional analysis of the impact of Gemmatimonas, Rhodothermus, and Sutterella on drug and treatment response in colorectal cancer
Authors: Jin Shaowen , Zhong Wa , Li Bo , Wang Kaimei , Lai Dongming
Published: October 2024

Background

Colorectal cancer is the third most prevalent cancer across the globe. Despite a diversity of treatment methods, the recurrence and mortality rates of the disease remain high. Recent studies have revealed a close association of the gut microbiota with the occurrence, development, treatment response, and prognosis of colorectal cancer.

Objective

This study aims to integrate transcriptome and microbiome data to identify colorectal cancer subtypes associated with different gut microbiota and evaluate their roles in patient survival prognosis, tumor microenvironment (TME), and drug treatment response.

Methods

An integrated analysis of microbiome data was conducted on samples of colorectal cancer from public databases. Based on this, two tumor subtypes (C1 and C2) closely associated with patient survival prognosis were identified and a risk score model was constructed. The survival status, clinical parameters, immune scores, and other features were analyzed in-depth, and the sensitivity of various potential drugs was examined.

Results

A thorough examination of microbiome information obtained from colorectal cancer patients led to the identification of two primary tumor clusters (C1 and C2), exhibiting notable variations in survival outcomes. Patients with the C1 subtype were closely associated with better prognosis, while those with the C2 subtype had higher gut microbial richness and poorer survival prognosis. A predictive model utilizing the microbiome data was developed to accurately forecast the survival outcome of patients with colorectal cancer. The TME scores provided a biological basis for risk assessment in high-risk (similar to the C2 subtype) patient cohorts. Evaluation of the sensitivity of different subtypes to various potential drugs, indicated the critical importance of personalized treatment. Further analysis showed good potential of the developed risk-scoring model in predicting immune checkpoint functions and treatment response of patients, which may be crucial in guiding the selection of immunotherapy strategies for patients with colorectal cancer.

Conclusion

This study, through a comprehensive analysis of colorectal cancer microbiome, immune microenvironment, and drug sensitivity, enhances the current understanding of the multidimensional interactions of colorectal cancer and provides important clinical indications for improving future treatment strategies. The findings offer a new perspective on improving treatment response and long-term prognosis of patients with CRC through the regulation of microbiota or the utilization of biomarkers provided by it.
Comparative study of immune responses and intestinal microbiota in the gut-liver axis between wild and farmed pike perch (Sander Lucioperca)
Authors: Wang Jing , Li Shaowu , Sun Zhipeng , Lu Cuiyun , Zhao Ran , Liu Tianqi , Wang Di , Zheng Xianhu
Published: October 2024

Introduction

Pike perch (Sander Lucioperca) is a predatory freshwater fish, which is highly popular amongst consumers, owing to its white flesh with a delicate structure and mild flavor. Compared to wild pike perch, the diet of farmed ones has shifted from natural food to artificial feeds. These changes would affect the gut flora of the pike perch. Endogenous metabolites of the intestinal flora are transferred through the gut-liver axis, which affects the physiological functions of the host. By studying wild and farmed individuals of the pike perch, novel insights into the stability of the intestinal flora can be provided.

Methods and results

In this study, we measured various immune parameters in the blood, liver and intestine of wild and farmed pike perch using enzyme activity assays and real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR. Gut microbes were also collected for 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Our results showed that the serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels were twice as high in the wild group as in the farmed group. Furthermore, the activities of glutamate pyruvate transaminase (GPT) and glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT) in the intestinal tissues of the wild group were 733.91 U/g and 375.35 U/g, which were significantly higher than those of the farmed group. Expression of IL10 in the liver of farmed pike perch was also 4-fold higher than that of wild pike perch. The expression of genes related to the p53-BAX/Bcl2 signaling pathway was higher in both intestinal and liver tissues of wild pike perch compared with farmed. 16S rRNA gene analysis of the gut microflora showed a high relative abundance of Cetobacterium in the gut of farmed pike perch.

Conclusion

As a result, our study indicates that dietary differences affect the diversity, composition and relative abundance of the gut flora of the pike perch. Meanwhile, it affects the glycolipid metabolism and immunomodulation of pike perch.
Different subpopulations of macrophages, neutrophils, mast cells, and fibroblasts are involved in the control of tumor angiogenesis
Authors: Ribatti Domenico
Published: October 2024

The tumor microenvironment comprises diverse cell types, including T and B lymphocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells, natural killer cells, myeloid-derived suppressor cells, neutrophils, eosinophils, mast cells, and fibroblasts. Cells in the tumor microenvironment can be either tumor-suppressive or tumor-supporting cells. In this review article, we analyze the double role played by tumor macrophages, tumor neutrophils, tumor mast cells, and tumor fibroblasts, in promoting angiogenesis during tumor progression. Different strategies to target the tumor microenvironment have been developed in this context, including the depletion of tumor-supporting cells, or their “re-education” as tumor-suppressor cells.
Clinical features and in-hospital mortality predictors of concurrent cardio-cerebral infarction: insights from a dual-center retrospective study
Authors: Gao Weiwei , Yu Lingfeng , Jin Shouyue , Cai Lijuan , Fang Jingjing , Wang Xiaoqian , Yang Qingwei , Chen Xingyu , Ye Tao , Zhu Renjing
Published: October 2024

Objective

This study aimed to enhance the understanding of cardio-cerebral infarction (CCI) clinical features and identify key prognostic factors, thereby providing an empirical foundation for advancing prevention and treatment strategies and ultimately improving clinical outcomes for CCI patients.

Methods

We retrospectively analyzed 17,645 AIS and 7,584 AMI patients admitted to two hospitals from 2014 to 2023. Univariate analysis, Spearman correlation, and multivariate logistic regression were performed to identify independent risk factors. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to determine optimal cutoff values.

Results

This study enrolled 85 patients with CCI, representing an overall CCI incidence of approximately 0.34%. Males comprised 64.71% of the cohort. ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction and cardiogenic cerebral infarction were the most predominant subtypes. The in-hospital mortality rate was 30.59%, with 65.38% of deaths attributed to cardiac causes. Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified three independent risk factors for in-hospital mortality: elevated neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), decreased serum albumin, and increased peak N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide levels (NT-proBNP). ROC curve analysis demonstrated that the area under the curve (AUC) for the NLR, albumin concentration and peak NT-proBNP concentration were 0.863, 0.723, and 0.824, respectively. The optimal cutoff values were 6.914 for NLR, 33.80 g/L for albumin, and 9474.50 pg/mL for peak NT-proBNP. The AUC of the combined diagnostic model reached 0.959, significantly outperforming the individual indicators.

Conclusion

Elevated NLR, decreased serum albumin, and increased peak NT-proBNP levels independently predict in-hospital mortality in CCI patients. Combining these biomarkers enhances predictive capability for adverse outcomes.
Biomarkers in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: unraveling the path to precision immunotherapy
Authors: Saini Kamal S. , Somara Sasikala , Ko Heidi C. , Thatai Purva , Quintana Angela , Wallen Zachary D. , Green Michelle F. , Mehrotra Ravi , McGuigan Sandra , Pang Lingjuan , Das Soma , Yadav Kavita , Neric Dobrica , Cantini Luca , Joshi Chinmayee , Iwamoto Kazuya , Dubbewar Sudha , Vidal Laura , Chico Isagani , Severson Eric , Lorini Luigi , Badve Sunil , Bossi Paolo
Published: October 2024

Recent strides in understanding the molecular underpinnings of head and neck cancers have sparked considerable interest in identifying precise biomarkers that can enhance prognostication and enable personalized treatment strategies. Immunotherapy has particularly revolutionized the therapeutic landscape for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, offering new avenues for treatment. This review comprehensively examines the application and limitations of the established and emerging/novel biomarkers for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Established biomarkers, including well-characterized genetic mutations, protein expressions, and clinical factors, have been extensively studied and validated in clinical practice. Novel biomarkers identified through molecular analyses, including novel genetic alterations, immune-related markers, and molecular signatures, are currently being investigated and validated in preclinical and clinical settings. Biomarkers hold the potential to deepen our understanding of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma biology and guide therapeutic strategies. The evolving paradigm of predictive biomarkers facilitates the study of individual responses to specific treatments, including targeted therapy and immunotherapy.
The perpetual evidence-practice gap: addressing ongoing barriers to chronic pain management in primary care in three steps
Authors: Ashcraft Laura Ellen , Hamm Megan E. , Omowale Serwaa S. , Hruschak Valerie , Miller Elizabeth , Eack Shaun M. , Merlin Jessica S.
Published: October 2024

Background

Most management of chronic pain, a serious illness affecting the physical and psychological wellbeing of millions, occurs in primary care settings. Primary care practitioners (PCPs) attempt to provide evidence-based practices to treat chronic pain. However, there continues to be a gap between the care people receive and the evidence. The objectives for this study were to (1) explore determinants of evidence-based chronic pain management and (2) develop a novel approach to using implementation science to address the evidence-practice gap.

Method

A convenience sample of twenty-one Pennsylvania PCPs participated in one-time semi-structured telephone interviews. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and both deductive and inductive approaches were used during analysis. We used the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) and the Expert Recommendations for Implementing Change (ERIC) to inform our analysis and findings.

Results

We identified determinants of evidence-based chronic pain management across the CFIR domains of Intervention Characteristics, Characteristics of Individuals, and the Outer Setting and reported implementation strategies. Based on identified themes, we developed a three-step process to support the ongoing and pragmatic implementation of evidence-based chronic pain management in primary care settings.

Conclusions

Previous efforts exist to integrate implementation science into chronic pain management; yet a gap persists. Implementation approaches should prioritize the needs of people living with chronic pain and their families. Further, future approaches or strategies used should build on the current three-step model to include the fourth step of tailoring existing implementation strategies to the specific needs of chronic pain in the clinical context.
When does the mean network capture the topology of a sample of networks?
Authors: Meyer François G.
Published: October 2024

The notion of Fréchet mean (also known as “barycenter”) network is the workhorse of most machine learning algorithms that require the estimation of a “location” parameter to analyse network-valued data. In this context, it is critical that the network barycenter inherits the topological structure of the networks in the training dataset. The metric–which measures the proximity between networks–controls the structural properties of the barycenter. This work is significant because it provides for the first time analytical estimates of the sample Fréchet mean for the stochastic blockmodel, which is at the cutting edge of rigorous probabilistic analysis of random networks. We show that the mean network computed with the Hamming distance is unable to capture the topology of the networks in the training sample, whereas the mean network computed using the effective resistance distance recovers the correct partitions and associated edge density. From a practical standpoint, our work informs the choice of metrics in the context where the sample Fréchet mean network is used to characterize the topology of networks for network-valued machine learning.
Gum Arabic as a potential candidate in quorum quenching and treatment of periodontal diseases
Authors: Hashim Nada Tawfig , Babiker Rasha , Rahman Mohammed Mustahsen , Chaitanya Nallan C. S. K. , Mohammed Riham , Dasnadi Shahistha Parveen , Gismalla Bakri Gobara
Published: October 2024

Periodontal diseases are chronic inflammatory conditions influenced by bacterial biofilm formation and host immune responses, affecting millions worldwide. Traditional treatments like mechanical debridement and systemic antibiotics often face limitations, including biofilm resilience and antibiotic resistance. Gum Arabic (GA), a natural exudate from Acacia trees, presents a promising alternative with its anti-biofilm and anti-inflammatory properties. This review highlights the role of GA in periodontal therapy, particularly its ability to interfere with quorum sensing (QS) pathways, specifically the AI-2 signaling system used by key periodontal pathogens such as Porphyromonas gingivalis, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, and Fusobacterium nucleatum. By disrupting QS, GA inhibits biofilm formation, reduces bacterial virulence, and promotes a balanced oral microbiome. GA's prebiotic properties also encourage the growth of beneficial bacteria, enhancing the host's immune response while preserving the systemic microbiome. Clinical studies demonstrate GA's effectiveness as an adjunct in periodontal therapy, with significant reductions in plaque accumulation, gingival inflammation, and bleeding. This highlights GA's potential as a natural therapeutic agent, offering an effective, antibiotic-sparing option in managing periodontal disease. However, further research is warranted to fully establish GA's role in comprehensive periodontal care and its long-term benefits.
Kidney function after liver transplantation: the contrasting roles of inflammation and tubular repair
Authors: Goerlich Nina , Kim-Schulze Seunghee , Kotanko Peter , Grobe Nadja , Wang Xiaoling , Samans Bjoern , Douglas Joe , Enghard Philipp , Molinari Paolo , Fribourg Miguel , Cravedi Paolo , Levitsky Josh
Published: October 2024

Kidney injury is a significant complication in end-stage liver disease (ESLD), leading to increased morbidity and mortality. While liver transplant alone (LTA) can promote kidney recovery (KR), non-recovery associates with adverse outcomes, but the underlying pathophysiology is still unclear. We studied 10 LTA recipients with or without kidney failure (KF) and measured serum levels of OPN and TIMP-1 (previously identified predictors of KR), 92 proinflammatory proteins (Olink), and urinary cell populations. Our findings revealed elevated OPN and TIMP-1 levels in KF patients, strongly correlated with tubular epithelial cells in urine. Proteomic analysis showed distinct profiles in KF, non-KF, and healthy donors, indicating an ongoing proinflammatory signature in KF. Cytokines correlated with OPN and TIMP-1 levels. We propose that high pre-LTA OPN and TIMP-1 levels are crucial for tubular regeneration and normalize with kidney recovery. Insufficient pre-LTA OPN levels may lead to persistent kidney failure. Our present data also newly indicate that kidney failure post-LTA is an active condition, in which tubular cells are persistently shed in the urine. The strict association between systemic inflammation and tubular cell loss suggests a pathogenic link that could offer therapeutic opportunities to promote kidney recovery.
Prior Trichinella spiralis infection protects against Schistosoma mansoni induced hepatic fibrosis
Authors: El-kady Asmaa M. , Altwaim Sarah A. , Wakid Majed H. , Banjar Alaa S. , Mohammed Khalil , Alfaifi Mashael S. , Elshazly Hayam , Al-Megrin Wafa Abdullah I. , Alshehri Eman Abdullah , Sayed Eman , Elshabrawy Hatem A.
Published: October 2024

Background

Schistosomiasis affects approximately 250 million people worldwide, with 200,000 deaths annually. It has been documented that the granulomatous response to Schistosoma mansoni (S. mansoni) oviposition is the root cause of progressive liver fibrosis in chronic infection, in 20% of the patients, and can lead to liver cirrhosis and/or liver cancer. The influence of helminths coinfection on schistosomiasis-induced liver pathological alterations remains poorly understood. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the effect of Trichinella spiralis (T. spiralis) infection on S. mansoni-induced hepatic fibrosis.

Materials and methods

Thirty adult male Balb-c mice were divided into three groups. Group 1 was left uninfected; group 2 was infected with S. mansoni cercariae and group 3 was orally infected with T. spiralis larvae, then 28 days later, this group was infected with S. mansoni cercariae. All groups were sacrificed at the end of the 8th week post infection with S. mansoni to evaluate the effect of pre-infection with T. spiralis on S. mansoni induced liver fibrosis was evaluated parasitologically (worm burden and egg count in tissues), biochemically (levels of alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase), histopathologically (H&E and MT staining, and immunohistochemical staining for the expression of α-SMA, IL-6, IL-1β, IL-17, IL-23, TNF-α, and TGF-β).

Results

The results in the present study demonstrated marked protective effect of T. spiralis against S. mansoni induced liver pathology. We demonstrated that pre-infection with T. spirais caused marked reduction in the number of S. mansoni adult worms (3.17 ± 0.98 vs. 18 ± 2.16, P = 0.114) and egg count in both the intestine (207.2 ± 64.3 vs. 8,619.43 ± 727.52, P = 0.009) and liver tissues (279 ± 87.2 vs. 7,916.86 ± 771.34; P = 0.014). Consistently, we found significant reductions in both number (3.4 ± 1.1 vs. 11.8.3 ± 1.22; P = 0.007) and size (84 ± 11 vs. 294.3 ± 16.22; P = 0.001) of the hepatic granulomas in mice pre-infected with T. spiralis larvae compared to those infected with only S. mansoni. Furthermore, pre- infection with T. spiralis markedly reduced S. mansoni- induced hepatic fibrosis, as evidenced by decreased collagen deposition, low expression of α-SMA, and significantly reduced levels of IL-17, IL-1B, IL-6, TGF-B, IL-23, and TNF-α compared to mice infected with S. mansoni only.

Conclusions

Our data show that pre-infection with T. spiralis effectively protected mice from severe schistosomiasis and liver fibrosis. We believe that our findings support the potential utility of helminths for the preventing and ameliorating severe pathological alterations induced by schistosomiasis.
Rational quinidine dosage regimen for atrial fibrillation in Thoroughbred racehorses based on population pharmacokinetics
Authors: Kuroda Taisuke , Minamijima Yohei , Kinman Christopher Ken , Takahashi Yuji , Ebisuda Yusaku , Inoue Kaori , Ishikawa Hiroshi , Mita Hiroshi , Tamura Norihisa , Nukada Toshio , Toutain Pierre-Louis , Ohta Minoru
Published: October 2024

Introduction

Quinidine (QND) sulfate is an effective treatment for atrial fibrillation (AF) in horses, and several dosage regimens have been proposed to address its wide variability in response and potential adverse effects. The purpose of this study was to analyze the variability in plasma quinidine concentrations using population pharmacokinetics to determine an effective and safe dosage regimen for Thoroughbred horses.

Methods

Six healthy Thoroughbred horses were treated with 20 mg/kg quinidine sulfate dihydrate (16.58 mg/kg QND base) administered PO or 5 mg/kg quinidine hydrochloride monohydrate (4.28 mg/kg QND base) administered IV (single administration), and blood samples were taken regularly. Four healthy horses were treated with 20 mg/kg quinidine sulfate dihydrate administered twice (every 6 h) via PO route. For the other 19 Thoroughbred racehorses that developed AF, blood samples were taken during quinidine therapy. Quinidine concentrations were measured in all plasma samples using liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry, and the data from 29 horses were modeled using a nonlinear mixed-effects model, followed by Monte Carlo simulations (MCS).

Results

The median quinidine concentration for successful sinus rhythm conversion was 2.0 μg/mL (range: 0.5–2.7 μg/mL) in AF horses, while a median concentration of 3.8 μg/mL (range: 1.6–5.1 μg/mL) showed adverse effects. MCS predicted that plasma quinidine concentrations for quinidine sulfate dihydrate PO administration (loading dose: 30 mg/kg, maintenance dose: 6.5 mg/kg q 2 h) reached 1.4, 2.0 and 2.7 μg/mL in 90, 50 and 10% of the horse populations, respectively. Increasing the loading dose to 45 mg/kg and the maintenance dose to 9 mg/kg q 2 h, the plasma concentrations achieved were 1.9, 2.8, and 3.8 μg/mL in 90, 50, and 10% of horse populations, respectively.

Discussion

Using simulations, different empirical dosing regimens were proposed to achieve plasma quinidine concentrations immediately or progressively, representing a tradeoff between optimizing therapeutic effects and minimizing adverse effects. A combination of these dosing regimens is recommended to gradually increase the therapeutic concentration levels of quinidine for safe and effective treatment of AF in racehorses.
Optimal Design of High Specific Power Electric Machines for Fully Electric Regional Aircraft: A Case Study of 1MW S-PMSM
Authors: El Hajji Taha , Hemeida Ahmed , Lehikoinen Antti , Martin Floran , Belahcen Anouar
Published: October 2024

The aviation industry is undergoing electrification due to the increased global focus on reducing emissions in air traffic. Regarding the volatility of raw material prices, one main objective is the increase in the specific power of the motor. This matches the ambitious targets of the CoE project (Center of Excellence) in Finland on high-speed electric motors. The targeted specific power is 20 kW/kg. In this work, motors are designed and optimized for a fully electric regional aircraft. motors with different slot/pole configurations and rotational speed values are studied to determine the advantage of increasing speed in terms of weight reduction. As increasing speed requires the use of a gearbox, the overall weight of the motor and the gearbox is evaluated in post-processing, which allows for determining the impact of high speed on the overall weight. An optimization tool coupled with an electromagnetic and mechanical analysis is used to optimize 1 MW surface mounted permanent magnet synchronous motors (S-PMSMs) for given specifications of regional electric aircraft. Optimization results indicate that there is considerable gain in terms of overall weight only when increasing the speed to the range of 10,000–15,000 rpm.
The Influence of Oviductal and Uterine Fluid Supplementation on the In Vitro Development and Quality of Cloned Sheep Embryos
Authors: Vazquez-Avendaño José Roberto , Cortez-Romero César , Ambríz-García Demetrio Alonso , Rodríguez-Suástegui José Luis , Hernández-Pichardo José Ernesto , Navarro-Maldonado María del Carmen
Published: October 2024

Somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) has great potential for the replication of high-commercial-value animals, threatened wild species for conservation purposes, and transgenic animals for biomedical purposes. However, SCNT has a low success rate due to intrinsic factors of the technique itself, which leads to low rates of embryonic development and epigenetic alterations in cloned embryos. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of OF–UF on the intracellular concentrations of ROS and GSH and the development of cloned and parthenogenetic Ovis aries embryos. The results do not show a beneficial effect on the development of parthenogenetic and cloned embryos at concentrations of 0.5% OF–UF. Furthermore, at 1% OF–UF, an adverse effect was observed in cloned embryos at the blastocyst stage and 2% OF and UF in parthenogenetic embryos during the first divisions. Decreases in ROS and GSH levels were observed in the parthenogenetic blastocysts treated with 1% OF–UF, but not in the clones, in which a higher concentration of GSH and a similar concentration of ROS were observed. No effect of OF–UF was observed on embryonic development and redox balance in sheep embryos cloned via handmade cloning.