bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Landslides Risk Prediction Using Cascade Neural Networks Model at Muş In Turkey
Authors: Abujayyab Sohaib K. M. , Saleh Azlan
Published: August 2020

Globally, landslides risk represent a challenging issue that negatively affecting the infrastructure and human and neutral life. Among the former studies, the methods of predicting landslides risk maps found to be need further experiments. The aim of this study was to predict the landslide risk map at Muş in Turkey using cascade neural networks model. In this article, Trainlm function used to train 9954 sample points in the dataset using Matlab software. ArcGIS employed to prepare the explanatory variables, inventory landslides map, data sampling and producing the final landslides risk map. The developed model achieved the best performance accuracy by implanting an optimizer for the used number of neurons. After 60 training experiments, 52 neurons found the best number in this model. Chunks computing using Python programing in ArcGIS implemented to solve the intensive computing and data restructuring issues. Although the implementation at regional scale with 14015 km2, the final landslides risk map was successfully produced. The best-achieved performance accuracy was 80% based on receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) and area under the curve (AUC). To summarize, the cascade neural networks model can reliably be implement in predicting landslides risk maps at regional-scale with the aid of chunks computing.
Conceptual Framework on Finding Optimal Locations of Uniqlo Stores using Spatial Analysis
Authors: Hashim Mukrimo’az Mat , Naharudin Nabilah
Published: August 2020

Location plays a crucial role in retail strategy. In this research, a new optimal location of Uniqlo in Greater Kuala Lumpur will be identified by using Spatial-MCDA. Spatial-MCDA combines spatial analysis and Multicriteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) where the spatial analysis will consider various criteria when conducting the analysis. The most important aspect of MCDA is deriving the weightage that will be used by spatial analysis. Various weighing techniques are available including Analytical Hierarchical Process (AHP) which will be used in this study. This paper will explain the conceptual framework of finding optimal locations of Uniqlo Stores using Spatial-MCDA. The framework started with identifying a set of criteria that influence the optimal location of the Uniqlo stores including Target Market, Facilities, Transportation, Safety and Security, and Competitor. Next, the weightage or priorities for the criteria will be computed using AHP decision rules based on their degree of importance in deciding the location of Uniqlo stores. Then, a spatial analysis will be conducted. A spatial model that will be used in finding the location will be developed by using a model builder. This stage will automate the lengthy procedure of finding the location. In this model, the weighted overlay technique will be used to identify the optimal location based on the weightage of criteria which will be represented as raster datasets. The finding of this framework will be optimal locations of the new Uniqlo stores.
Self-adaptive Image Segmentation Optimization for Hierarchal Object-based Classification of Drone-based Images
Authors: Al-Ruzouq Rami , Gibril Mohamed Barakat A. , Shanableh Abdallah
Published: August 2020

This study proposes an approach for the quality improvement of feature extraction in unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-based images through object-based image analysis (OBIA). A fixed-wing UAV system equipped with an optical (red–green–blue) camera was used to capture very high spatial resolution images over urban and agricultural areas in an arid environment. A self-adaptive image segmentation optimization aided by an orthogonal array from the experimental design was used to optimize and systematically evaluate how OBIA classification results are affected by different settings of image segmentation parameters, feature selection, and single and multiscale feature extraction approaches. The first phase encompassed data acquisition and preparation, which included the planning of the flight mission, data capturing, orthorectification, mosaicking, and derivation of a digital surface model. In the second phase, 25 settings of multiresolution image segmentation (MRS) parameters, namely, scale, shape, and compactness, were suggested through the adoption of an L25 orthogonal array. In the third phase, the correlation-based feature selection technique was used in each experiment to select the most significant features from a set of computed spectral, geometrical, and textural features. In the fourth phase, the ensemble adaptive boosting algorithm (AdaBoost) was used to classify the image objects of segmentation levels in the orthogonal array. The overall accuracy measure (OA) and kappa coefficient (K) were computed to represent a quality indicator of each experiment. The OA and K values ranged from 89% to 95%, whereas the K values ranged from 0.75 to 0.95. The MRS parameter settings that provided the highest classification results (>94%) were analyzed, and class-specific accuracy measures and F-measure were computed. Multiscale AdaBoost classification was conducted on the basis of the computed F-measure values. Results of the multiscale AdaBoost classification demonstrated an improvement in OA, K, and F-measure.
The Effect of Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) Image Reflection on Different Pipes and Soil
Authors: Mohd Kamal Nur Haafizhah Binti , Amin Zulkarnaini Mat , Mohamad Nurafifah Binti
Published: August 2020

Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) works as an instrument to look for buried objects whether it is natural or man-made. GPR transmits electromagnetic (EM) wave to the ground by transmitter and the signal reflects back to the receiver. In this study, the soil characteristics were monitored based on various types of pipe underground in order to determine the reflectivity of the EM wave. Two types of pipes; iron and polyvinyl chloride (PVC) pipe were buried in two different types of soil; clay and sand. These simulations were used to monitor which type of pipe will give the most effective reflection of EM wave on that particular type of soil. The study was performed by using multiband frequency GPR of 250MHz, 400MHz, 700MHz and 900MHz. The use of multiband frequency was to identify the most suitable frequency in order to gain the most effective reflection of EM wave. The data was processed by using Reflex2DQuick software. The higher the frequency, the lower the depth penetration, but the better the resolution. The study findings showed that the power of reflectivity was high at 700MHz frequency for both pipes in both clay and sand soil types. However, the value of power reflectivity for iron pipe was higher than compared to PVC pipe at both soil textures. Meanwhile, the resolution of radargram for both pipes were much better at sand compared to clay. This information would be a helpful to the surveyors and this knowledge will make their consumed work time more efficient as they get to know more specific value of frequency that is the most suitable to gain the most effective reflection of EM wave.
Studying the polymorphism of cereal varieties using RAPD and ISSR markers
Authors: Aseeva T A , Yugay Y A , Zenkina K V , Trifuntova I B , Vasyutkina E A , Shkryl Y N
Published: August 2020

The sustainable development of the crop industry critically depends on increasing the stability of cultivated species through accelerated selection, selection of crops and varieties that complement each other, their adaptive zoning and increasing the varietal diversity of agroecosystems. Therefore, the analysis of the genetic structure of the gene pool and the assessment of the degree of genetic kinship using molecular genetic methods is necessary for achieving the most effective use of genetic resources. This study identified 28 polymorphic RAPD (random amplified polymorphic deoxyribonucleic acid) and ISSR (inter-simple sequence repeats) loci in spring triticale, wheat and oat varieties. The genetic distances of the studied varieties and breeding lines were calculated and found to vary from 0 to 1 for different markers. The data presented in this study should be utilised in future breeding research as it presents important insights into the hybridization and crossing of the source material located at a large genetic distance from each other.
Genetic parameters of the Chukchi breed populations in generational change
Authors: Bryzgalov G Ya , Ignatovich L S
Published: August 2020

The purpose of the work is to study the genetic characteristics of reindeer populations in the Chukotka Autonomous Region using DNA microsatellites. Genetic monitoring data for 2013 and 2018 are presented (the interval of one generation). In the genetic parameters of populations statistically significant differences were found. Samples are characterized by a large number of active alleles of breed diversity. The average number of alleles per locus ranged from 7.7 to 9.95. Indices of heterozygosity in the studied groups of deer are from 0.851 to 0.887 - indicate the prosperous condition of the populations of the Chukchi breed by genetic heterogeneity. The differentiation of livestock is influenced by inter-farm and inter-herd exchange of the allele pool. Criteria for the genetic similarity of the selective sample populations of 2013 and 2018 according to the frequencies of the ISSR markers were in the range from 0.852 to 0.993, which indicates the stability of the gene pools of the studied deer groups. Eco-geographical and economic conditions affect the frequency of ISSR markers with a force of ηx2 = 67-70.4%, being the main factor of intraspecific differentiation. According to the identified microsatellite loci, the populations of the Chukchi breed are in a state of genetic equilibrium. Factors which stabilize the genetic structure of the populations of the Chukchi breed are free crosses typical for reindeer, a large number of males involved in reproduction. Noting that the number of deer of the Chukchi breed is declining, constant monitoring of its gene pool is necessary, which provides the stability of populations.
High spontaneous male-fertility-restorer frequency in a maize recurrent selection experiment
Authors: Cai Zhuo , Xu Guo-Liang , Jun Ren , Dai Yu-Xian , Yu Ming-Yan , Li Shu-Hua , Liu Xiao-Dan , Guo Qi , Wang Li-Na , Chang Ming-Tang
Published: August 2020

Using the crosses of the DH lines derived from a single cross hybrid Xianyu 335 as source materials for haploid induction in the recurrent selection scheme, we found that the rate of spontaneous chromosome doubling in the tassels of the haploid plants increased significantly in the second cycle and showed a cumulative genetic effect, and through using DH recurrent selection technique, the doubling rate of the haploid tassels can be doubled. Proved performing continuous recurrent selection in a narrow single cross background, the genetic makeup of the haploids had been enriched for spontaneous doubling restoration. Using hybrids between DH lines from two cycles haploid selection as source materials for haploid induction, the haploid tassel doubling rate had reached 85.15% and haploid ears showed seed set had reached 66.18%, representing a rate increase of 6.99 folds and 9.86 folds of its original source population Xianyu335.The genetic gain of set seeds plant frequency is 29.74% per cycle. Also, because the DH lines had been selected from two cycles of haploids or whole genome gamete selection based on the haploid phenotypes, it was effectively eliminated many deleterious and bad genes, and also cumulatively combined many superior genes for agronomy and plant growth vigor. These new DHs can be directly used as parents for germplasm enhancement and new hybrid selection and breeding. The discovery of the enrichment for spontaneous chromosome doubling and fertility restoration in of the tassels of the haploid plants tassels that were derived from DH recurrent selection technique and create high spontaneous doubling rate source materials may have showed a significant application value in maize breeding. It shows significant advantages for construct maize two cycle. Recurrent selection with high haploid spontaneous doubling rate can to speed up breeding output and cumulative genetic improvements.
The study of bioresource collection of potato (Solanum Tuberosum l.) in the conditions of Primorsky Krai
Authors: Kim I V , Volkov D I , Klykov A G
Published: August 2020

The bioresource collection of potato of the Common Use Center of the FSBSI “FSC of Agricultural Biotechnology of the Far east named after A. K. Chaika” was studied. Source varieties of various origins were selected. The objects of research were 300 varieties and hybrids of domestic and foreign selection. The purpose of the research was to identify valuable source material for breeding in the conditions of Primorsky Krai basing on a comprehensive study of the collection of potato varieties and hybrids. Blakhit, Vulkan, Debryansk, Emelya, Zhavoronok, Zarevo, Krasavitsa Bryanschiny, Lakomka, Mustang, Rosinka, Serpanok and Fermer were selected as the most efficient male parent forms. Variety sources that have economically valuable traits were included in targeted breeding. Promising hybrids were selected: Pri-11-31-24 Debryansk х Krasavitsa Bryanschiny, Pri-17-18-7 Lakomka х Fermer, Pri-08-11-1 Rosinka х Zhavoronok, Pri-12-4-11 Emelya х Krasavitsa Bryanschiny, Pri-12-35-4 Debryansk х Mustang, Pri-12-43-13 Blakhit х Mustang, Pri-11-12-5 Blakhit х Zarevo, Pri-11-14-25 Blakhit х Vulkan, Pri-12-47-15 Serpanok х Vulkan.
Applied methods for remote sensing of the Earth in the interests of agriculture of Russian Far East
Authors: Kramareva L S , Filei A A , Amelchenko Yu A , Davidenko A N
Published: August 2020

The paper presents the methods (procedures) of processing data from satellites of the Landsat series, for classification and evaluation of agricultural land used for rice cultivation in the area of Lake Khanka, Primorsky Krai. Opportunities for using various vegetation indices for analysis are described, as well as their complex combinations that ensure most accurate identification of the considered culture during the entire period of active vegetation. The developed procedures provided foundation for analysing the growth dynamics of crops innate to the Far East, where the potential for using satellite data for agricultural needs remains practically untapped.
Assessment of the biochemical composition and technological properties of Far Eastern dessert pumpkin varieties for the production of functional products
Authors: Kuliakina N V , Kuzmitskaya G A , Shestopalova G E
Published: August 2020

The article presents the analysis results of the breeding suitability of two Far Eastern pumpkin varieties, Nadezhda and Vnuchka, according to key biochemical, consumer and technological indicators, with a view to their possible use as functional food products. The results show that the biochemical parameters of these varieties’ fruits are unstable and varied depending on the hydrothermal conditions of the year. Both varieties are high in vitamins with an average ascorbic acid content of 10.12 mg% (Nadezhda) and 11.71 (Vnuchka) mg%. The total sugar content in both varieties is almost equivalent, with an insignificant difference of less than 1%. However, the Nadezhda variety has a higher yield. It was found that both studied varieties are suitable for the production of functional products according to the main test indicators in the conditions of the Middle Amur region. Nevertheless, the Nadezhda variety is characterised by shorter periods favourable for processing raw pumpkin materials of 1–2 months after harvesting, while the Vnuchka variety can be processed 1–4 months after.
The effect of feed additives from mountain pine and lichens on the young cattle productivity in Magadan Region
Authors: Kuzmina I Yu , Ginter E V , Kuzmin A M
Published: August 2020

For the first time, in the conditions of the Magadan region, have been carried out studies on the use of a feed additive (FA) based on mountain pine in combination with lichens in the rations of young cattle (C) of Holstein breed and cross-bred young of Holstein and Aberdeen Angus breeds of the dairy and growing period. The use of FA positively affects the growth rate, daily average growth, blood counts, young growth resistance and digestibility of feed. The live-weight of the experimental gobies of Holstein breed at the age of 16 months, which additionally received the FA ration, exceeded the rate of the control group up to 2.15 kg (0.58%), the crossbreeds of the Aberdeen-Angus breed exceeded the rate of a control group up to 9.55 kg (2.3%) (P≤0.05). The relative growth rate (according to S. Brody) of gobies at the age of 16 months, which got FA was higher than of gobies of the control groups. The growth rate of experimental gobies of Holstein breed is 0.12% higher, and of crossbred gobies is 2.57% higher respectively. A study of the hematological composition of the blood of experimental half-blood gobies of the Aberdeen-Angus breed showed that relative to the control group, the concentration of eosinophils increases by 0.4%, monocytes 0.8%, lymphocytes by 7.2%, the concentration of band neutrophil decreases by 1%, segmented neutrophils by 7.4%. The young of the experimental groups had better digestibility of dietary nutrients and feed costs per 1 kg of growth in comparison with the control groups.
Synergistic control against Asian corn borer (ACB) by Trichogramma vectored Beauveria bassiana infection on survival larvae escaped from parasitism
Authors: Lu Yang , Sui Li , Yang Zhi , Mao Gang , Xu Wen-Jing , Zhao Yu , Li Le , Li Qi-Yun , Zhang Zheng-Kun
Published: August 2020

The combined application of natural enemies and entomopathogens as an alternative pest-control may act synergistically, additively or antagonistically. The objective of this study is to determine the efficacy of the combined application by parasitic Trichogramma dendrolimi (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) carrying insect-pathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana (Bals.) Vuill. (TCB) against Asian corn borer (ACB), Ostrinia furnacalis (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). 0.1% (w/v) starch solution was selected from several adjuvants due to its highest ability to carry fungal conidia, over 3.60 × 104 conidia per wasp. The fungal conidia adsorbed on the surface of factitious host, Antheraea pernyi eggs, subsequently adhered on new emerged T. dendrolimi as a vector, which carried the conidia onto eggs’ surface of ACB. The B. bassiana had no influence on T. dendrolimi’s parasitic rate, whereas resulting in fungal conidia adhering on over 60.00% of hatched larvae, which consequently caused 27.00 ± 5.70% percent of muscardine cadaver rate of pest’s larvae in a screen house test. In field trial, it showed significantly lower incidence parameters regarded as number of damaged plants, wormholes, and living pests, per 100 plants in TCB treatment compared to that of sole T. dendrolimi release (non-TCB) and non-treatment as control, respectively, especially the number of muscardine cadaver per 100 plants was 6-fold amount higher than that of non-TCB treatment. In this study, the suitable adjuvant of cost-effective and safe to T. dendrolimi emergence was selected for fungal conidia adhering for TCB, and the fungal conidia transmitting process from host eggs to pest infection was visualized by fluorescence observation, on the basis, it was proved in both screen house and field experiments that the TCB was a synergistic ACB control program with labor saving, low cost and high efficient advantage compared to sole biocontrol agent application.
Comprehensive assessment of the breeding material of winter wheat for resistance to moisture deficiency and productivity
Authors: Manukyan I R , Miroshnikova E S
Published: August 2020

The North Caucasus, occupying 12% of the total agricultural land fund of Russia, produces a fifth of the grain. However, frequent droughts hinder the production of stable high yields of winter wheat in this region. Their probability here is 25-50%. In addition, almost every year in the second half of the growing season, winter wheat crops to one degree or another experience a negative effect of moisture deficiency. The article presents the results of laboratory and field studies of the breeding material of winter soft wheat on drought resistance and productivity. Determination of plants resistance to moisture deficiency in the laboratory experiment was carried out based on the seeds ability to sprout in highly osmotic sucrose solutions, which allowed to identify samples with high water absorption capacity. The criterion for drought resistance in field conditions were the varieties productivity, the selection drought susceptibility indices (DSI), plants productivity index (PPI), stress resistance and genetic flexibility. Based on the study results, the main methods for assessing drought resistance are recommended. These include a laboratory method for sprouting seeds in osmotic sucrose solutions and direct method for calculating drought resistance according to the plant productivity index.
The dependence of spring triticale yield and its structure on harvesting time and methods
Authors: Muratov A A , Nizkii S E
Published: August 2020

The yield level of the spring triticale and its structure is largely determined by the timing and methods of harvesting, especially in the region where this crop was not cultivated previously. This issue is important for Amur region because it is located in the zone of risky agriculture and harvesting of spring triticale here runs in difficult conditions. The research aims to establish optimal terms and methods of harvesting, which will accelerate the introduction of this new crop in the region. In 2014-2016 field studies were conducted with methods generally accepted for grain crops. It was established that the highest grain yield at optimal terms of sowing, was obtained during harvesting on August 25th (in the phase of grain’s full ripeness). Earlier harvesting resulted in an 11-29% reduction of yield. It was especially noticeable in Carmen variety. During harvesting on August 4th, this variety’s yield decreased by 0.69 tons per hector (metric, t/ha). Similarly, with a later harvest date (September 1st), all varieties showed lower yields. This was especially evident in Ukro variety with a 17% reduction. As for harvesting on August 4th and 11th, while grain moisture exceeded 20%, a separate method of cropping turned out to give the best results. Yields in these experiments amounted to 2.31 - 2.55 t/ha (Dill variety), 2.06 - 2.17 t/ha (Yarilo variety), and 1.81 - 2.26 t/ha (Carmen variety). August 18th is optimal for the two-phase method of harvesting when crops reach the spring triticale phase - the middle of grain wax ripeness. In this case, the yield amounted to 2.33 t/ha.
Soybean moth Leguminivora glycinivorella (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae): harmfulness in the conditions of the south of the Amur region
Authors: Kuzmin A A , Anisimov N S , Malashonok A A
Published: August 2020

The research paper presents data on the particularities of the spreading Leguminivora glycinivorella within the field, the degree of damage to various soybean varieties of Russian selection by this pest, as well as calculations of the economic threshold of harmfulness based on current data. Pest infestation of crops occurs from the near edge part; maximum density is achieved in a zone of 10-20 m from the edge of the field. The most susceptible to pest infestation are pods of varieties with a growing season of up to 102 days, and varieties with a growing season of more than 122 days are the least vulnerable. L. glycinivorella reaches the economic threshold of harmfulness at 10.5-13.4% of infected pods, provided that a seed soybean yield is obtained, as well as when obtaining vegetable soybean that is used for food in pods. The use of insecticides in the cultivation of soybean, intended for processing, is inadvisable at any level of reproduction of the pest.
Assessment of agricultural land distribution within the Middle Amur Lowland based on remote sensing data and the DEM
Authors: Ostroukhov A V
Published: August 2020

The agricultural development of the Middle Amur lowland was assessed based on the analysis of Earth remote sensing data. On average, the level of modern land use for agriculture is 5.5%, varying from 0-0.5% within peripheral foothills and island ranges to 6.4% on low-lying alluvial plains. The developed map of terrain types of the territory allowed considering the spatial features of the distribution of agricultural land depending on the genetic type of terrain. It is shown that the morphometric characteristics of the earth’s surface (slope, elevation difference within a radius of 500 meters, surface vector curvature) are determined by the different genesis of the terrain area. These values are important in the redistribution and accumulation of moisture, which determines the possibility of agricultural land use. The study results suggest that the possibilities of extensive agricultural production expansion within the Middle Amur lowland are largely exhausted.
Theoretical and practical recommendations on selection of municipal solid waste landfill sites with the subsequent reclamation of disturbed lands in the Konstantinovskiy District, Amur Region
Authors: Popova E V , Stekolnikova G A
Published: August 2020

The study in hand confirms that the basic strategy of MSW management is landfilling, not recycling. Drawing from the results of the dimensional multiple factor analysis of region-specific characteristics, the authors provide recommendations on selecting MSW landfill sites and their subsequent reclamation for the Konstantinovskiy District, Amur Region.
Method of analysis of floral lists of higher plants
Authors: Ryabukhin S I
Published: August 2020

Quantitative methods for analyzing data on living objects are an essential tool for research and modeling the state, stability, and productivity of ecological systems. In this paper, we consider one of the approaches that is useful for quantitative analysis, namely, when the initial information about living objects (in particular, about vascular plants) is presented in the form of descriptions of floral spectra that differ in structure and content (namely, lists of plant species). The proposed approach is based on the application of first-order predicate logic and is intended for the purpose of studying the species richness of plants in ecosystems.
Agroecological techniques for protecting soybean crops from phytopathogens
Authors: Tishkova A G
Published: August 2020

The aim of this research was to study the influence of biofungicides and growth regulators on protecting soybean crops from fungal diseases, allowing the production of environmentally friendly and high-quality products. The main pathogens of soy diseases in the Khabarovsk territory are root rot and leaf-stem infections. The means of protection applied in this study reduced the intensity of development of these diseases. The greatest biological effectiveness against root rot was found when the drugs Zircon, Bisolbifit and Tetramethylthiuram Disulfide (TMTD) with Optimo were used. The use of Zircon, Extrasol and Nutri-Phite with water softener Spartan reduced the infection of soy plants with leaf-stem diseases. With these protection systems, the yield level ranged from 3.62 to 3.88 t/ha.
Ecological stability of triticale samples in the conditions of the Khabarovsk territory
Authors: Zenkina K V
Published: August 2020

The new grain crop triticale is of great interest for cultivation in the soil and climatic conditions of the middle Amur Region; therefore, this study assessed the environmental stability of yield formation for a collection of triticale samples. The varieties with the maximum yields identified in the study were the following: AC Certa (Canada), Lana (Belarus), Dagvo (Russia), Golden Scallop (Russia), Ulyana (Belarus), Uzor (Belarus), Lotos (Belarus), Mykola (Ukraine), Victoria (Ukraine), Sandio (Switzerland), Wanad (Poland) and Yarik (Russia). The AC Certa (Canada) variety was characterised by high demands on growing conditions (St2 = 0.69, A = 30.03) and unstable yield (1.8-7.0 t/ha). The Victoria (Ukraine) variety was characterised by high ecological stability of yield (St2 = 0.99, A = 27.45) in various years (2.5-3.1 t/ha). Results indicated that the yield formation of the collection samples were strongly dependent on weather conditions (R=0.554). Lastly, a model of spring triticale yield formation dependent on weather factors was constructed using regression analysis. The most significant climatic factor was photosynthetically active radiation during the active vegetation period
Rates of convergence in invariance principles for random walks on linear groups via martingale methods
Authors: Cuny C. , Dedecker J. , Merlevède F.
Published: August 2020

In this paper, we give explicit rates in the central limit theorem and in the almost sure invariance principle for general

R

d

{\mathbb R}^d

-valued cocycles that appear in the study of the left random walk on linear groups. Our method of proof lies on a suitable martingale approximation and on a careful estimation of some coupling coefficients linked with the underlying Markov structure. Concerning the martingale part, the available results in the literature are not accurate enough to give almost optimal rates either in the central limit theorem for the Wasserstein distance, or in the strong approximation. A part of this paper is devoted to circumvent this issue. We then exhibit near optimal rates both in the central limit theorem in terms of the Wasserstein distance and in the almost sure invariance principle for

R

d

{\mathbb R}^d

-valued martingales with stationary increments having moments of order

p
∈
(
2
,
3
]

p \in (2, 3]

(the case of sequences of reversed martingale differences is also considered). Note also that, as an application of our results for general

R

d

{\mathbb R}^d

-valued cocycles, a special attention is paid to the Iwasawa cocycle and the Cartan projection for reductive Lie groups (like for instance

G
L

d

(

R

)

{\mathrm {GL}}_d(\mathbb {R})

).
Parabolic regularity in geometric variational analysis
Authors: Mohammadi Ashkan , Mordukhovich Boris , Sarabi M.
Published: August 2020

The paper is mainly devoted to systematic developments and applications of geometric aspects of second-order variational analysis that are revolved around the concept of parabolic regularity of sets. This concept has been known in variational analysis for more than two decades while being largely underinvestigated. We discover here that parabolic regularity is the key to derive new calculus rules and computation formulas for major second-order generalized differential constructions of variational analysis in connection with some properties of sets that go back to classical differential geometry and geometric measure theory. The established results of second-order variational analysis and generalized differentiation, being married to the developed calculus of parabolic regularity, allow us to obtain novel applications to both qualitative and quantitative/numerical aspects of constrained optimization including second-order optimality conditions, augmented Lagrangians, etc. under weak constraint qualifications.
The number of quartic 𝐷₄-fields with monogenic cubic resolvent ordered by conductor
Authors: Tsang Cindy , Xiao Stanley
Published: August 2020

In this paper, we consider maximal and irreducible quartic orders which arise from integral binary quartic forms, via the construction of Birch and Merriman, and whose field of fractions is a quartic

D
4

D_4

-field. By a theorem of Wood, such quartic orders may be regarded as quartic

D
4

D_4

-fields whose ring of integers has a monogenic cubic resolvent. We shall determine the asymptotic number of such objects when ordered by conductor. We shall also give a lower bound, which we suspect has the correct order of magnitude, and a slightly larger upper bound for the number of such objects when ordered by discriminant. A simplified version of the techniques used allows us to give a count for those elliptic curves with a marked rational 2-torsion point when ordered by discriminant.
Arl4D-EB1 interaction promotes centrosomal recruitment of EB1 and microtubule growth
Authors: Lin Shin-Jin , Huang Chun-Fang , Wu Tsung-Sheng , Li Chun-Chun , Lee Fang-Jen S.
Published: August 2020

The GTP-bound form of ADP-ribosylation factor-like 4D (Arl4D) small GTPase localizes to the centrosome and interacts with microtubule (MT) end-binding 1 (EB1) protein. Arl4D-EB1 interaction promotes EB1 centrosomal recruitment and increases the association of EB1 and p150 subunit of dynactin, thereby contributing to the nucleation of MTs at the centrosome.
PP1 promotes cyclin B destruction and the metaphase–anaphase transition by dephosphorylating CDC20
Authors: Bancroft James , Holder James , Geraghty Zoë , Alfonso-Pérez Tatiana , Murphy Daniel , Barr Francis A. , Gruneberg Ulrike
Published: August 2020

Cyclin B destruction is the crucial event triggering exit from mitosis. This study shows how PP1 promotes cyclin B destruction by removing inhibitory phosphorylation from the APC/C coactivator CDC20.
The Cycle of Daily Stress and Sleep: Sleep Measurement Matters
Authors: Slavish Danica C , Asbee Justin , Veeramachaneni Kirti , Messman Brett A , Scott Bella , Sin Nancy L , Taylor Daniel J , Dietch Jessica R
Published: August 2020

Background

Disturbed sleep can be a cause and a consequence of elevated stress. Yet intensive longitudinal studies have revealed that sleep assessed via diaries and actigraphy is inconsistently associated with daily stress.

Purpose

We expanded this research by examining daily associations between sleep and stress using a threefold approach to assess sleep: sleep diaries, actigraphy, and ambulatory single-channel electroencephalography (EEG).

Methods

Participants were 80 adults (mean age = 32.65 years, 63% female) who completed 7 days of stressor and sleep assessments. Multilevel models were used to examine bidirectional associations between occurrence and severity of daily stress with diary-, actigraphy-, and EEG-determined sleep parameters (e.g., total sleep time [TST], sleep efficiency, and sleep onset latency, and wake after sleep onset [WASO]).

Results

Participants reported at least one stressor 37% of days. Days with a stressor were associated with a 14.4-min reduction in actigraphy-determined TST (β = −0.24, p = 0.030), but not with other actigraphy, diary, or EEG sleep measures. Nights with greater sleep diary-determined WASO were associated with greater next-day stressor severity (β = 0.01, p = 0.026); no other diary, actigraphy, or EEG sleep measures were associated with next-day stressor occurrence or severity.

Conclusions

Daily stress and sleep disturbances occurred in a bidirectional fashion, though specific results varied by sleep measurement technique and sleep parameter. Together, our results highlight that the type of sleep measurement matters for examining associations with daily stress. We urge future researchers to treat sleep diaries, actigraphy, and EEG as complementary—not redundant—sleep measurement approaches.
Semantic similarity and machine learning with ontologies
Authors: Kulmanov Maxat , Smaili Fatima Zohra , Gao Xin , Hoehndorf Robert
Published: August 2020

Ontologies have long been employed in the life sciences to formally represent and reason over domain knowledge and they are employed in almost every major biological database. Recently, ontologies are increasingly being used to provide background knowledge in similarity-based analysis and machine learning models. The methods employed to combine ontologies and machine learning are still novel and actively being developed. We provide an overview over the methods that use ontologies to compute similarity and incorporate them in machine learning methods; in particular, we outline how semantic similarity measures and ontology embeddings can exploit the background knowledge in ontologies and how ontologies can provide constraints that improve machine learning models. The methods and experiments we describe are available as a set of executable notebooks, and we also provide a set of slides and additional resources at https://github.com/bio-ontology-research-group/machine-learning-with-ontologies.
To Deal with a New Coronavirus Pandemic: Making Sense of the Lack of Any State Practice in Pursuing State Responsibility for Alleged Malfeasances in a Pandemic—Lex Specialis or Lex Generalis at Work?
Authors: Yee Sienho
Published: August 2020

There has never been any State practice in pursuing State responsibility for alleged malfeasances in pandemics. What effect does this absence of practice have on the framework of applicable law regarding this pursuit of State responsibility? How can we make sense of this absence in the context of global public health? One way would be to see the absence as reflecting a lex specialis providing for no State responsibility for any alleged malfeasances; another as reflecting States’ assessment that there is no or slight chance of success even under a lex generalis not excluding potential responsibility. The former appears more consonant with the uniform lack of practice in pursuing State responsibility over the long course of history of dealing with pandemics. If there can be a better state of affairs, it will be up to States to search for it and to bring it to fruition in the future.
Changes in Cytomegalovirus Seroprevalence Among U.S. Children Aged 1–5 Years: The National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys
Authors: Petersen Molly R , Patel Eshan U , Abraham Alison G , Quinn Thomas C , Tobian Aaron A R
Published: August 2020

Data from the cross-sectional National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES) indicate that the seroprevalence of cytomegalovirus immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies among US children aged 1–5 years was 20.7% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 14.0, 29.0) in 2011–2012 and 28.2% (95% CI: 23.1–34.0) in 2017–2018 (adjusted prevalence difference, +7.6% [95% CI: −.4, +15.6]).
Safety and Efficacy of Rifampin or Isoniazid Among People With Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection and Living With Human Immunodeficiency Virus or Other Health Conditions: Post Hoc Analysis of 2 Randomized Trials
Authors: Campbell Jonathon R , Al-Jahdali Hamdan , Bah Boubacar , Belo Marcia , Cook Victoria J , Long Richard , Schwartzman Kevin , Trajman Anete , Menzies Dick
Published: August 2020

Background

The safety and efficacy of rifampin among people living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLHIV) or other health conditions is uncertain. We assessed completion, safety, and efficacy of 4 months of rifampin vs 9 months of isoniazid among PLHIV or other health conditions.

Methods

We conducted post hoc analysis of 2 randomized trials that included 6859 adult participants with Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. Participants were randomized 1:1 to 10 mg/kg/d rifampin or 5 mg/kg/d isoniazid. We report completion, drug-related adverse events (AE), and active tuberculosis incidence among people living with HIV; with renal failure or receiving immunosuppressants; using drugs or with hepatitis; with diabetes mellitus; consuming >1 alcoholic drink per week or current/former smokers; and with no health condition.

Results

Overall, 270 (3.9%) people were living with HIV (135 receiving antiretroviral therapy), 2012 (29.3%) had another health condition, and 4577 (66.8%) had no condition. Rifampin was more often or similarly completed to isoniazid in all populations. AEs were less common with rifampin than isoniazid among PLHIV (risk difference, −2.1%; 95% confidence interval [CI], −5.9 to 1.6). This was consistent for others except people with renal failure or on immunosuppressants (2.1%; 95% CI, −7.2 to 11.3). Tuberculosis incidence was similar among people receiving rifampin or isoniazid. Among participants receiving rifampin living with HIV, incidence was comparable to those with no health condition (rate difference, 4.1 per 1000 person-years; 95% CI, −6.4 to 14.7).

Conclusions

Rifampin appears to be safe and as effective as isoniazid across many populations with health conditions, including HIV.

Clinical Trials Registration

NCT00170209; NCT00931736.
Cognitive impairment in patients with moderate to severe chronic kidney disease: the Salford kidney cohort study
Authors: Tollitt James , Odudu Aghogho , Montaldi Daniela , Kalra Philip A
Published: August 2020

Background

Cognitive impairment in chronic kidney disease (CKD) is common and underrecognized [1, 2]. Determining risk factors for cognitive impairment and whether speed of CKD progression is an important consideration may help identify cognitive impairment by nephrologists. Vascular disease is thought to underpin cognitive impairment in CKD and by segregating CKD patients with proven vascular disease, we may also be able to discover other important associations with cognitive impairment in CKD patients.

Method

A total of 250 patients in a UK prospective cohort of CKD patients underwent two cognitive assessments: Montreal Cognitive Assessment test and Trail Making Test. Cognitive impairment was defined using validated population cut-offs (cognitive impairment) and relative cognitive impairment. Relative cognitive impairment was defined by <1 standard deviation below the mean Z-score on any completed test. Two multivariable logistical regression models identified variables associated with cognitive impairment and realtive cognitive impairment.

Results

About 44 and 24.8% of patients suffered cognitive impairment and relative cognitive impairment, respectively. Depression, previous stroke and older age were significantly associated with cognitive impairment. Older age was significantly associated with relative cognitive impairment (P ≤ 0.05) and higher proteinuria and the use of psychodynamic medications were also significantly associated with relative cognitive impairment (P = 0.05). Delta estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) in patients with cognitive impairment and relative cognitive impairment compared with those having normal cognition was similar (−0.77 versus −1.35 mL/min/1.73 m2/year, P = 0.34 for cognitive impairment and −1.12 versus −1.02 mL/min/1.73 m2/year, P = 0.89 for relative cognitive impairment).

Conclusion

Risk factors for cognitive impairment in CKD include previous stroke, depression or anxiety, higher proteinuria and prescription of psychodynamic medications. Patients with a faster eGFR decline do not represent a group of patients at increased risk of cognitive impairment.
Motif discovery algorithms in static and temporal networks: A survey
Authors: Jazayeri Ali , Yang Christopher C
Published: August 2020

Motifs are the fundamental components of complex systems. The topological structure of networks representing complex systems and the frequency and distribution of motifs in these networks are intertwined. The complexities associated with graph and subgraph isomorphism problems, as the core of frequent subgraph mining, directly impact the performance of motif discovery algorithms. Researchers have adopted different strategies for candidate generation and enumeration and frequency computation to cope with these complexities. Besides, in the past few years, there has been an increasing interest in the analysis and mining of temporal networks. In contrast to their static counterparts, these networks change over time in the form of insertion, deletion or substitution of edges or vertices or their attributes. In this article, we provide a survey of motif discovery algorithms proposed in the literature for mining static and temporal networks and review the corresponding algorithms based on their adopted strategies for candidate generation and frequency computation. As we witness the generation of a large amount of network data in social media platforms, bioinformatics applications and communication and transportation networks and the advance in distributed computing and big data technology, we also conduct a survey on the algorithms proposed to resolve the CPU-bound and I/O bound problems in mining static and temporal networks.
LAMP2: a major update of the database linking antimicrobial peptides
Authors: Ye Guizi , Wu Hongyu , Huang Jinjiang , Wang Wei , Ge Kuikui , Li Guodong , Zhong Jiang , Huang Qingshan
Published: August 2020

Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have been regarded as a potential weapon to fight against drug-resistant bacteria, which is threating the globe. Thus, more and more AMPs had been designed or identified. There is a need to integrate them into a platform for researchers to facilitate investigation and analyze existing AMPs. The AMP database has become an important tool for the discovery and transformation of AMPs as agents. A database linking antimicrobial peptides (LAMPs), launched in 2013, serves as a comprehensive tool to supply exhaustive information of AMP on a single platform. LAMP2, an updated version of LAMP, holds 23 253 unique AMP sequences and expands to link 16 public AMP databases. In the current version, there are more than 50% (12 236) sequences only linking a single database and more than 45% of AMPs linking two or more database links. Additionally, updated categories based on primary structure, collection, composition, source and function have been integrated into LAMP2. Peptides in LAMP2 have been integrated in 8 major functional classes and 38 functional activities. More than 89% (20 909) of the peptides are experimentally validated peptides. A total of 1924 references were extracted and regarded as the evidence for supporting AMP activity and cytotoxicity. The updated version will be helpful to the scientific community.
Ongoing customization in project-based organizations
Authors: Choi Seungho , Miller Kent D.
Published: August 2020

This study examines the processes and structures that enable organizations to generate repeatedly and efficiently customized solutions for clients. Case studies of project-based firms reveal that these organizations develop and employ routines to generate customized solutions. Analysis of these cases reveals two different approaches toward project management across organizations. The structural approach relies on managerial and formal processes guided by project leaders. The relational approach is based on social and informal mechanisms arising from project participants’ collaborative work experience. The stability and flexibility of routines enable organizations to carry out repeated patterns of action producing customized solutions. Deliberate learning builds a capability for managing the tension between stability and change in routines by transferring project-level experiences to organization-level routines for subsequent use across projects.
The Missing Picture: Accounting for Sexual and Gender-Based Violence during Cambodia’s ‘Other’ Conflict Periods
Authors: Kochanski Adam
Published: August 2020

Local transitional justice (TJ) processes have performed an invaluable function in raising awareness about conflict-related sexual and gender-based violence. While locally-rooted praxis has been increasingly suggested as an alternative to the top-down approach to TJ, which is prone to interference, this article argues that well-intentioned local initiatives can also be distorted through discursive framing tactics that set boundaries on discussions of conflict-related events and obfuscate who can be deemed responsible. In Cambodia, this has meant a partial account of sexual and gender-based violence—one that is limited to the three-year, eight-month and 20-day rule of the Khmer Rouge, and that marginalizes survivor experiences from other episodes of the 30-year-long internal conflict. This article explores and traces the unintended consequences of this discursive frame on three local TJ efforts to address the legacy of conflict-related sexual and gender-based violence: forum theatre, women’s hearings and testimonial therapy.