bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Unemployed: White-Collar Job Searching After the Great Recession
Authors: Lopez Steven H. , Phillips Lora A.
Published: June 2019

A burgeoning literature on white-collar unemployment and job searching has sought over the past two decades to explain why white-collar workers embrace neoliberal labor market restructuring, and why they often blame themselves for the failure of labor markets to provide stable, secure employment. Recent work, especially Sharone, has shown how neoliberal ideology is rooted in the details of American labor market institutions. More recently, however, U.S. employment relations have undergone a reconfiguration, punctuated by the Great Recession, raising new questions about self-blame and system-blame among white-collar job seekers. In this article, the authors draw on a unique data set of 43 white-collar job seekers interviewed in 2012 and 2013 and argue that, in the post-Great Recession period, what Sharone calls the chemistry game is now experienced as unwinnable, unplayable, and rigged. As a result, the authors find white-collar job seekers questioning neoliberalism in important ways and largely blaming structural factors—especially what they perceive as employers’ betrayal of the social contract—for negative labor market outcomes. The anger, disillusionment, and sense of betrayal among white-collar workers that the authors find in the post-Great Recession labor market, the authors suggest, has implications for Burawoy’s influential theory of employment games as well as relevance for the widespread decline in trust in American institutions.
Numerical simulations of the separated flow around a freight train passing through a tunnel using the sliding mesh technique
Authors: Iliadis P , Hemida H , Soper D , Baker C
Published: June 2019

The main aim of this investigation is to analyse the flow around a freight train as it passes through a tunnel. The separated flow around the train nose is related to energy losses, lateral vibration, noise and streamline deviation, and it also influences the velocity magnitudes around the train. Such effects are expected to become more important with the prospect of increasing freight train speeds. The numerical simulations performed in this study use a Class 66 locomotive connected to eight container wagons, scaled to 1/25th, moving at a train speed of 33.5 m/s through a tunnel with a blockage ratio of 0.202. The k–ω model combined with a high advection scheme solves the governing equations on a structured hexahedral mesh using the sliding mesh technique. The pressure histories at the tunnel walls and train surface as well as the velocity field around the train were validated with experimental data obtained using a moving model. The longest separation bubble is found at the middle-height and middle-width of the locomotive due to extended corners at these regions. When the train enters the tunnel, the separation length is reduced by 32% at the roof and 31% at the sides, compared to open air. The maximum separation length is found at the sides of the train where it reattaches at 19% of the locomotive length, influencing the velocity peak at a short distance from the train surface. The larger the separation length, the higher the length/duration of this peak. When the train head is halfway through the tunnel, the nose velocity peak reduces by 30% compared to open air. The position of the nose inside the tunnel affects not only the slipstream velocity but also the velocity field at the tunnel portal and exit. These novel findings can be used as a benchmark for designing new freight train and tunnel shapes.
Recurrent Placental Transcriptional Profile With a Different Histological and Clinical Presentation: A Case Report
Authors: Leavey Katherine , Cox Brian J , Cargill Yvonne , Grynspan David
Published: June 2019

Statistically, patients with severe pregnancy complications are at risk of recurrent complications, but it is less understood if patients present with similar or different placental pathologies in subsequent pregnancies. In this case report, we describe 2 consecutive adverse pregnancies in the same woman 4 years apart. The first pregnancy was diagnosed as early-onset preeclampsia and hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelets (HELLP) syndrome, with placental maternal vascular malperfusion features, such as syncytial knots and accelerated villous maturity. In contrast, the second pregnancy was associated with normotensive fetal growth restriction and placental “immunological” lesions, such as massive perivillous fibrin deposition and chronic intervillositis. However, based on the expression of FLT1, LIMCH1, and TAP1 by quantitative polymerase chain reaction, the placentas from both pregnancies were found to exhibit an “immunological” transcriptional signature. This suggests that this small panel of gene expression markers may be able to predict the future reoccurrence of an immunological placental pathology despite no histological evidence within the first pregnancy. These results call for more studies looking at paired pregnancies of individuals with recurrent obstetric complications and confirm the importance of assessing matched transcriptional and histopathological placental information.
Experimental apparatus development and mechanism analysis of multiform combined wears in ships under ocean operating conditions
Authors: Liang Liang , Pang Youxia , Tang Yong , Zhu Zongming , Zhang Hao , Xu Yan , Liu Hui , Liu Yu
Published: June 2019

Based on the operational environment of ships in the ocean, an experimental apparatus of the combined wear for slurry erosion, cavitation erosion, and electrochemical corrosion is designed and manufactured. The apparatus has two specimen zones, and it can simultaneously conduct several specimen tests for slurry erosion, cavitation erosion with or without the application of electrochemical corrosion. The impact speed, impact angle, environmental pressure, and other parameters are adjustable. The tests of three materials Q235, DH32, and NM360 steels are completed. The results show the wear is mainly slurry erosion and cavitation erosion for ductile materials of low strength and low hardness, and it is mainly corrosion for ductile materials of high strength and high hardness. Corrosion causes more damage to materials than slurry erosion and cavitation erosion. The wear degree of materials increases with the increase of the fluid impact speed.
Anthropological (in)fidelities to Alain Badiou
Authors: Jansen Stef
Published: June 2019

This article constructs a dialogue between Alain Badiou's philosophy of evental subjectivation and anthropology as an empirical social science. Elaborating on the few existing anthropological engagements with Badiou's theory by bringing in his more recent writing, it aims to familiarise anthropologists with some key dimensions of his approach and conceptual apparatus and to consider its use for anthropological theorisation of political struggle and process. Reflecting ethnographically on the (after)life of one happening in Bosnia and Herzegovina (the 2014 Winter Revolt) in light of another happening (the 1992–1995 war), I investigate the conditions under which happenings may or may not come to function—and be recognised—as events, as catalysts of change. Substantially departing from Badiou's normative-universalist approach, I nevertheless argue that a core dimension of his project—an effort to conceptualise subject formation processually in relation to events—can inspire interesting avenues for anthropological theorising. Particularly in addressing questions of perspective, intensity and duration, I contend that anthropologists are well-placed to trace modalities of what Badiou calls ‘fidelity' and its refusal.
Measurements and theoretical analysis of a helical gear meshing impact signal
Authors: Hu Shengyang , Fang Zongde , Liu Chao , Xiang Long
Published: June 2019

Meshing impact is an important factor that affects gear vibration and noise. Therefore, it is of great theoretical and practical significance to study the characteristics of offline meshing impact to reduce the vibration caused by meshing impact. Currently, a single-pair gear is the research goal, ignoring complex coupling relationships between systems, and the established numerical solution formula of the meshing impact cannot be verified. By using Hilbert demodulation and instantaneous frequency, this study obtained the meshing impact signal from the dynamic transmission error signal of the experiment and obtained the maximum deformation caused by the meshing impact. The meshing stiffness of a single tooth was obtained by loaded tooth contact analysis and tooth contact analysis, and the meshing impact force was calculated. The dynamic model of the meshing impact considering the contact ratio was established to compare with the obtained force in the experiment. The method of measuring the meshing impact signal from experiments has not been reported in relevant literature. The method has the advantages of being extensive, accurate and convenient, and it is not affected by the complexity of the system. At the same time, this method can be used to determine the gear teeth with meshing impact in the course of operation and provide a basis for real-time shape modification and design. Therefore, it is of great significance.
Dynamic modelling and parameter identification of a 3-DOF flight simulator platform
Authors: Hong Zhenyu , Gao Xuan , Liu Jiaren , Zhang Dongsheng , Zhang Zhixu
Published: June 2019

A three-degree-of-freedom flight simulator platform with a translational and two rotational movement capabilities is studied. Based on the Lagrange method the dynamic model is established and then simplified by eliminating the sub-diagonal elements of the matrixes. A washout algorithm is employed to qualify the platform for flight simulation in limited space. In order to improve the modeling and experimental accuracies further when some dynamic parameters of an actual platform are unknown, the stepwise identification method is proposed to solve this problem. By dividing the driving torque into the load torque, reducer driving torque, screw driving toque and integrated friction torque, and main dynamic parameters are identified by applying proper trajectories and estimated by the weighed least square method. The procedures of identification are verified through comparing the driving forces from the identified model and those of servo motor encoders.
Participant perceptions of virtual simulation to develop non-technical skills in health professionals
Authors: Peddle Monica
Published: June 2019

Background

Research has identified that virtual simulations may be effective in developing non-technical skills including communication, teamwork and decision making. However, little is known about how participants perceive learning non-technical skills via engagement in virtual simulation.

Aims

The aim of this research was to investigate participant perceptions and the learning experiences when engaging in virtual simulations focused on developing non-technical skills.

Method

A descriptive exploratory approach was used. An online voluntary survey collected qualitative extended responses from participants after each virtual simulation. Ethics approval was obtained for the research and guidelines adhered to throughout the study.

Results

A total of 675 responses were obtained. Participants perceive that engaging with the virtual simulation made them aware of non-technical skills including communication, teamwork, decision making, critical thinking and problem solving, and, to a lesser extent, situational awareness. Additional categories of learning, clinical practice and limitations were identified.

Conclusions

Engaging in virtual simulation can develop awareness of non-technical skills, as well as confidence and vigilance in practice and mindfulness of a person-centred approach to healthcare. Engaging in virtual simulation may support change in the professional performance of the participants through role modelling and learning through error.
Exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation in patients with reduced left ventricular ejection fraction: The Cardiac Rehabilitation Outcome Study in Heart Failure (CROS-HF): A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Bjarnason-Wehrens Birna , Nebel R , Jensen K , Hackbusch M , Grilli M , Gielen S , Schwaab B , Rauch B ,   for the German Society of Cardiovascular Prevention and Rehabilitation (DGPR)
Published: June 2019

Background

In heart failure with reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (HFrEF) patients the effects of exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation on top of state-of-the-art pharmacological and device therapy on mortality, hospitalization, exercise capacity and quality-of-life are not well established.

Design

The design of this study involved a structured review and meta-analysis.

Methods

Evaluation of randomised controlled trials of exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation in HFrEF-patients with left ventricular ejection fraction ≤40% of any aetiology with a follow-up of ≥6 months published in 1999 or later.

Results

Out of 12,229 abstracts, 25 randomised controlled trials including 4481 HFrEF-patients were included in the final evaluation. Heterogeneity in study population, study design and exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation-intervention was evident. No significant difference in the effect of exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation on mortality compared to control-group was found (hazard ratio 0.75, 95% confidence interval 0.39–1.41, four studies; 12-months follow-up: relative risk 1.29, 95% confidence interval 0.66–2.49, eight studies; six-months follow-up: relative risk 0.91, 95% confidence interval 0.26–3.16, seven studies). In addition there was no significant difference between the groups with respect to ‘hospitalization-for-any-reason’ (12-months follow-up: relative risk 0.79, 95% confidence interval 0.41–1.53, four studies), or ‘hospitalization-due-to-heart-failure’ (12-months follow-up: relative risk 0.59, 95% confidence interval 0.12–2.91, four studies; six-months follow-up: relative risk 0.84, 95% confidence interval 0.07–9.71, three studies). All studies show improvement of exercise capacity. Participation in exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation significantly improved quality-of-life as evaluated with the Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire: (six-months follow-up: mean difference 1.94, 95% confidence interval 0.35–3.56, two studies), but no significant results emerged for quality-of-life measured by the Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire (nine-months or more follow-up: mean difference –4.19, 95% confidence interval –10.51–2.12, seven studies; six-months follow-up: mean difference –5.97, 95% confidence interval –16.17–4.23, four studies).

Conclusion

No association between exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation and mortality or hospitalisation could be observed in HFrEF patients but exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation is likely to improve exercise capacity and quality of life.
Superiority Claims for Spinal Devices: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Golish S. Raymond , Groff Michael W. , Araghi Ali , Inzana Jason A.
Published: June 2019

Study Design:

Systematic review.

Objectives:

Superiority claims for medical devices are commonly derived from noninferiority trials, but interpretation of such claims can be challenging. This study aimed to ( a) establish the prevalence of noninferiority and superiority designs among spinal device trials, ( b) assess the frequency of post hoc superiority claims from noninferiority studies, and ( c) critically evaluate the risk of bias in claims that could translate to misleading conclusions.

Methods:

Study bias was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool. The risk of bias for the superiority claim was established based on post hoc hypothesis specification, analysis of the intention-to-treat population, post hoc modification of a priori primary outcomes, and sensitivity analyses.

Results:

Forty-one studies were identified from 1895 records. Nineteen (46%) were noninferiority trials. Fifteen more (37%) were noninferiority trials with a secondary superiority hypothesis specified a priori. Seven (17%) were superiority trials. Of the 34 noninferiority trials, 14 (41%) made superiority claims. A medium or high risk of bias was related to the superiority claim in 9 of those trials (64%), which was due to the analyzed population, lacking sensitivity analyses, claims not being robust during sensitivity analyses, post hoc hypotheses, or modified endpoints. Only 4 of the 14 (29%) noninferiority studies provided low bias in the superiority claim, compared with 3 of the 5 (60%) superiority trials.

Conclusions:

Health care decision makers should carefully evaluate the risk of bias in each superiority claim and weigh their conclusions appropriately.
Wybuch wulkanu Laki i jego skutki dla Francji (1783-1784) w świetle wybranych doniesień prasowych
Authors: Niedziela Rafał
Published: June 2019

The Eruption of the Laki Volcano and Its Impact on France (1783-1784) in Selected Press Accounts This article is devoted to the phenomenon of the eruption of Laki volcano in Iceland in 1783 and the impact this eruption had on France in the form of toxic fog and chilling of climate. This account is based on contemporary French press, in particular such titles as „Gazette de France”, „Journal de Paris”, „Le Courrier”, as well as the Polish „Pamiętnik Historyczno-Polityczny”.
The Injurious and Curative Powers of Herbs: Shakespeare in Herb Gardens
Authors: Szwach Agnieszka
Published: June 2019

For Galen, the best physician was the one who was able to treat his patients by means other than the knife, particularly through diet and drugs. The fact that basic knowledge of pharmacology was not required came under severe criticism in the late fifteenth and early sixteenth centuries. To remedy this situation, herb gardens were established at universities. Some physicians wrote voluminous new herbals based both on the close study of classical pharmacological works, observations and experiments. William Turner (1508–1568), Henry Lyte (1529–1607), John Gerard (1545–1650) and John Parkinson (1567–1650) were the essential figures who established English herbal tradition. This phenomenon was not entirely alien to Shakespeare. The study of tragedies, as presented in this paper, is sufficient to realise how numerous references to both healing and poisonous plants are made in Shakespearean plays.
The Tradition of Goose-Eating in Medieval and Early Modern England
Authors: Kuropatnicki Andrzej K.
Published: June 2019

Although geese had been known in Britain for a long time, they were not among the most commonly prepared dishes. An analysis of the early cookery books that were published up to the seventeenth century leads to the conclusion that goose was not a common meat recommended for cooking. The paper presents a selection of goose recipes from various periods.
Milan's inclusive entrepreneurship policies: the risk of ‘differentiated inclusion’
Authors: Dodaro Maria
Published: June 2019

Using Milan's entrepreneurship policies as a case-study, this paper explores the diversity that the broad policy category of ‘inclusive entrepreneurship’ may entail in terms of policy instruments and participants’ experiences. To this end, the study considers policymakers, practitioners and young adults receiving local support to establish their own businesses. It does so by drawing on qualitative interviews. It argues that inclusive entrepreneurship policies may entail a ‘differentiated inclusion’ that is produced by the simultaneous interaction between diversified policy instruments and a system of inequalities that affect individual capacities to strategise entrepreneurial risks and opportunities.
The efficacy of binary ethylenimine-inactivated vaccines of Gianyar-1/AK/2014 virulent strain in protecting chickens against Tabanan-1/ARP/2017 virulent Newcastle disease virus isolates
Authors: Adi Anak Agung Ayu Mirah , Astawa I Nyoman Mantik , Putra I Gusti Agung Arta
Published: June 2019

Aim: This study aimed to prepare binary ethylenimine (BEI)-inactivated virulent Newcastle disease virus (NDV) vaccine and to examine their ability to induce a protective antibody response in commercial chickens. Materials and Methods: A virulent NDV field isolate Gianyar-1/AK/2014 was propagated in chicken-embryonated eggs and was then inactivated with BEI at a concentration of 4 mM. Three groups of chickens with low-level (2 log2 hemagglutination inhibition [HI] units) maternally derived antibodies against NDV were then immunized with the BEI-inactivated vaccine. A commercial live vaccine (LaSota strain) was used as positive control, and phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) was used as negative control. A challenge experiment with a virulent NDV of Tabanan-1/ARP/2017 was performed at 3 weeks post-vaccination. Results: At 2 weeks post-immunization, the mean titers of antibodies against NDV in serum samples of chickens immunized with 0.2 mL of BEI-inactivated NDV (Group I), with live commercial NDV vaccine (Group II) and with PBS (Group III) were 3±0.94 log2 HI units, 4.9±0.99 log2 HI unit, and 0.0±0.0 HI units, respectively. At week 3 post-immunization, the mean titers of the antibodies for the three groups were 5±1.09 log2 HI units, 6.9±0.32 log2 HI units, and 0.00 HI units, respectively. The antibody titer induced by inactivated NDV Gianyar-1/AK/2014 isolates examined at 2 and 3 weeks post-vaccination was still at a significantly (p<0.01) lower level as compared to those induced by commercial life vaccine. However, the challenge test with virulent NDV of Tabanan 1/ARP/2017 isolates showed that all immunized chickens (Group I and II) survived without exhibiting any clinical sign post-challenge with the protection rates of 100%, whereas all chickens injected with PBS (Group III) died with clinical signs of ND. Conclusion: This finding shows that the BEI-inactivated vaccines prepared using virulent NDV of Gianyar-1/AK/2014 strain was able to induce protective antibody response in chickens but still at a lower level than those induce by commercial live NDV vaccine.
Seroprevalence of anti-Neospora caninum antibodies in cows of North-Eastern Algeria
Authors: Miroud Kamel , Benlakehal Amar , Kaidi Rachid
Published: June 2019

Aim: The present cross-sectional study aimed at assessing the seroprevalence of Neospora caninum infection both at herd and within herd and at determining risk factors that are associated with its seropositivity. Materials and Methods: A total of 90 cows distributed over seven herds located in two North-Eastern Algerian provinces were blood sampled in order to be tested for the presence of antibodies against N. caninum using a commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit. Results: The individual seroprevalence of N. caninum was found to be 12.22%, and six of the seven herds tested had at least one seropositive cow. The logistic regression model revealed that abortion (odds ratio [OR]=29.15) and parity (OR=7.38) were positively associated with the seropositivity of animals on an individual basis. Conclusion: The study confirms the existence of N. caninum infection in cattle in North-Eastern Algeria. However, a widespread infection rate of 85.71% and its significant statistical association with previous abortion (OR=29.15) need further investigations.
The Effect of Hemostasis Powder® on Treatment of Bleeding from Benign Ulcers of Upper Gastrointestinal Tract; A Pilot Study
Authors: Vafaeimanesh Jamshid , Rakhshandeh Hassan , Pourakbar Ali , Hosseini Seyed MousalReza
Published: June 2019

BACKGROUND Gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding is one of the most prevalent internal medical emergencies. Despite using several methods of treatment, effective treatment cannot be achieved in some patients. Hemostasis powder® is a mineral-herbal product. This emulsion was able to coagulate blood in, in vitro studies and also was effective in the treatment of mucosal and cutaneous bleeding in animal studies, without any toxicity. We decided to compare its effect on the treatment of human GI bleeding with the other common method for treatment of GI bleeding "argon plasma coagulation plus epinephrine injection" in a pilot randomized clinical trial. METHODS The patients with GI bleeding who were admitted to the emergency wards of Ghaem and Imam-Reza Hospitals in Mashhad were randomized to treatment with Hemostasis powder® or "argon plasma coagulation plus epinephrine injection" method, with randomized doctors, after complete testimonial sheet. The patients underwent re-endoscopy to evaluate the ulcers 3 days later, and were under observation for 3 months. After achieving the number of patients that was planned (20 patients), all data were entered to SPSS software version 20 and were analyzed with parametric and non-parametric tests. RESULTS The treatment success was 95% in both groups. There was no complication after treatment of GI bleeding in the two groups after 3 months. No rebreeding was reported in Hemostasis powder® group but 10 % was reported in "argon plasma coagulation plus epinephrine injection" group. CONCLUSION It seems that if the successful results occur in the future complimentary studies, Hemostasis powder® can be used as a new, effective, available, and inexpensive measure in the treatment of GI bleeding and also in the GI bleedings that cannot be treated with common available methods.
Laparoscopic Heller Myotomy for Achalasia: Experience from a Single Referral Tertiary Center
Authors: Mirsharifi Alireza , Ghorbani Abdehgah Ali , Mirsharifi Rasoul , Jafari Mehdi , Fattah Noor , Mikaeli Javad , Soroush Ahmad Reza
Published: June 2019

BACKGROUND Achalasia is the most well known esophageal motility disorder. Laparoscopic Heller myotomy (LHM) is the most effective treatment for achalasia. The aim of this study was to review our results on LHM for achalasia. METHODS In this cross-sectional study all patients undergoing LHM between 2015 and 2017 were studied. The myotomy was followed by an anterior or posterior partial fundoplication. All patients were followed up for at least six months. RESULTS We conducted this prospective study on 36 consecutive patients who underwent LHM over 3 years. The mean age of the patients was 36.64 ± 13.47 years. 30 patients (83.3%) underwent Toupet and 6 patients (16.7%) received Dor fundoplication. 11 patients (30.6%) developed reflux after the procedure. According to the Eckardt Symptom Scoring (ESS), the symptoms improved in 74.2% of the patients and remained unchanged in 25.8% of the patients. Analysis of the ESS, indicated a significant change in regurgitation and retrosternal pain, dysphagia, and weight loss after the surgery (p = 0.001, p = 0.002, p = 0.046, and p = 0.001, respectively). CONCLUSION LHM with anterior or posterior partial fundoplication is safe and achieves a good outcome in the treatment of achalasia, especially in patients who have not responded to other methods while no serious complication was reported despite several prior endoscopic interventions.
A 30-Year-Old Man with Acute Motor Axonal Neuropathy Subtype of Guillain-Barré Syndrome Having Hepatitis A Virus Infection
Authors: Samadi Alireza , Mansour-Ghanaei Fariborz , Joukar Farahnaz , Mavaddati Sara , Sufi Afshar Iman
Published: June 2019

Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is an acute monophasic immune-mediated polyradiculoneuropathy. Here, we report a case of a young man with acute motor axonal neuropathy (AMAN) subtype of GBS having hepatitis A virus (HAV) infection. A 30-year-old man with icterus was referred to emergency center of Razi Hospital. He complained of flu-like symptoms 10 days before the onset of icterus. Also, he suffered from gradual fatigue and weakness with dark urine. He experienced neurological symptoms of muscle paralysis (ascending from the legs to hands). Neurological consultant suspected GBS at the first step based on clinical examinations. He was candidate for five sessions of plasmapheresis. The ultrasonography revealed liver span 166 mm, which was greater than the normal range, with normal parenchymal echo. The gallbladder wall was thicker than normal and gallstone with lesion was not seen in different conditions. He was discharged after total improvement of neurological symptoms and muscular power. In addition, the results of International normalized ratio (INR), partial thromboplastin time (PTT), prothrombin time (PT), alkaline phosphatase (ALK), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) , aspartate aminotransferase (AST), bilirubin total and direct (Bil T, D) tests were normal after 2-month follow-up. Although, acute viral infections such as hepatitis E virus (HEV) is common in patients with GBS; the possibility of HAV infection in patients with its risk factor should not be neglected.
Textural Changes in Hot Compression of Disintegrated Melt Deposition (DMD)–Processed AZ31-1Ca-1.5 vol. % Nano-Alumina Composite
Authors: Rao K. P. , Dharmendra C. , R. K. Prasad Y. V. , Suresh K. , Gupta M.
Published: June 2019

The development of texture in AZ31-1Ca-1.5 volume percent (vol. %) nano-alumina composite subjected to uniaxial compression is studied over large ranges of temperature and strain rate, and correlated with operative slip systems in the various domains of its processing map. The initial rod, synthesized via disintegrated melt deposition and subsequently extruded, has a fine grain size (2–3 μm) and basal texture with (0001) planes parallel to the extrusion direction. The processing map exhibits four domains: Domain 1: 250–350°C and 0.0003–0.01 s−1, Domain 1A: 350–410°C and 0.0003–0.01 s−1, Domain 2: 410–490°C and 0.002–0.2 s−1, and Domain 3: 325–410°C and 0.6–10 s−1. Microstructures in these four domains revealed dynamic recrystallization, although the mechanisms of slip and recovery are different. In Domain 1, basal slip is the dominating mechanism that produced strong basal textures. Recovery occurs via dislocation climb controlled by lattice self-diffusion, which is promoted by the fine grain size in the starting material. In Domain 1A, prismatic slip is the major deformation mechanism and the basal texture is reduced, and the prismatic planes are tilted towards the compression axis. At higher temperatures of Domain 2, in addition to basal and prismatic slip, pyramidal slip occurs, and cross-slip among the multiple intersecting slip planes is the recovery mechanism that destroys the initial basal texture. At higher strain rates, at which Domain 3 occurs, non-basal slip (prismatic and pyramidal) activity is higher than that for basal slip, and the basal texture is reduced, giving way to favorable prismatic slip orientations. The recovery in this domain occurs via dislocation climb, which is controlled by grain boundary self-diffusion. The activation parameters, tensile ductility, and fracture features further support the conclusions on the rate-controlling mechanisms occurring in each domain.
China’s Belt and Road Initiative
Authors: Shah Abdur Rehman
Published: June 2019

Following Sri Lanka, Pakistan is rapidly accumulating billions of dollars of Chinese debt under the Belt and Road Initiative. This paper argues that that initiative’s disregard for the economic viability of projects and the domestic limitations of countries like Sri Lanka and Pakistan have both external and internal ramifications for the recipient countries.
The 14th General Elections in Malaysia
Authors: Moten Abdul Rashid
Published: June 2019

In the 14th general election in Malaysia, the opposition coalition overturned the ruling coalition’s entrenched incumbency of over six decades. The ruling coalition suffered from a legitimacy deficit and corruption scandals. The election witnessed four coalitions of parties, but these coalitions have been ephemeral, and Malaysian politics continues to be based on racial arithmetic.
Politicization Effect of Wartime Service Provision on Public Opinion in FATA, Pakistan
Authors: Kubota Yuichi , Khan Hidayat Ullah
Published: June 2019

This article explores who among the citizens in the former Federally Administrated Tribal Areas (FATA) of Pakistan is in favor of democratic reforms. Empirical analyses reveal that the government’s wartime service provision politicized citizens and framed their attitude toward the issues of FATA’s jurisdiction and the Frontier Crimes Regulation.
The Politics of Mandarin Fever in Contemporary Indonesia
Authors: Hoon Chang-Yau , Kuntjara Esther
Published: June 2019

The fall of Suharto in 1998 opened up a new space for the public articulation of Chinese identity in Indonesia. Since the decrees that lifted the ban on Chinese language, Mandarin classes have had an unprecedented boom. This paper reflects on this phenomenon in the geopolitical context of the economic rise of China and its promotion of soft power, as well as the market forces that reward Mandarin competency in contemporary Indonesia.
Medellín y la teología feminista
Authors: Gebara Ivone
Published: June 2019

El artículo busca establecer la relación entre la Conferencia de Medellín y la teología feminista. Por eso, el primer nivel de la reflexión busca hacer una evaluación de la igualdad simbólica y la desigualdad real presente en el documento final en torno al tema. Posteriormente, se explica en qué medida Medellín se convirtió en un acontecimiento libertario fundacional. Acto seguido, se retoma la categoría opción por los pobres en toda su riqueza, para luego hacer un acercamiento crítico a sus implicaciones. En último lugar, el texto propone los horizontes abiertos para la teología feminista en la sociedad actual.
A 50 años de Medellín: balance y futuro de la teología feminista lationamericana
Authors: Vélez Caro Olga Consuelo
Published: June 2019

A propósito de la celebración de los 50 años de la Conferencia de Medellín nos preguntamos por la situación de la mujer y el camino que se ha hecho en la reflexión teológica para contribuir a la defensa de su dignidad y el logro de su plena participación en la sociedad y en la Iglesias. Se señalan los logros alcanzados y los caminos pendientes.
Effect of Sn Substitution on the Thermoelectric Properties of Nanostructured Bulk Bi2-xSbxTe3 Alloy.
Authors: Santhanam Sumithra. , Takas Nathan J. , Nolting Westly M. , Poudeu Pierre F.P. , Stokes Kevin L.
Published: June 2019

The carrier concentration and electronic transport properties in Bi2-xSbxTe3 alloy can be tuned by varying the Bi to Sb ratio, for high thermoelectric figure of merit. The concentration of intrinsic antisite defects in these alloys is also known to change with Bi to Sb ratio. Here we report the thermoelectric figure of merit of Sn doped Bi0.5Sb1.5Te3 alloy. Different atomic percentages of Sn was substituted at Bi/Sb site in Bi0.5Sb1.5Te3 alloy, synthesized by planetary ball milling. The electrical conductivity decreases with increasing Sn doping but for higher Sn content the electrical conductivity increases compared to undoped alloy. The Seebeck coefficient changes in accordance to electrical conductivity, resulting in small decrease in power factor for highest Sn doping. The lattice thermal conductivity shows a systematic decrease, with increasing Sn concentration resulting in a significant thermal conductivity reduction. Hence an increase in thermoelectric figure of merit could be achieved for the highest Sn (3at%) doping in Bi0.5Sb1.5Te3 alloy as compared to undoped alloy.
Near-field Nanoscale Investigation of Optical Properties of Bi2Se3 Thin-films
Authors: Grefe Sarah E. , Tan Malinda , Derakhshan Shahab , Abate Yohannes
Published: June 2019

Bi2Se3 thin films are imaged in the near-field using spectroscopic scattering type near-field optical microscopy (s-SNOM) at mid infrared laser wavelength region (9-11μm). Single phases Bi2Se3 thin film structures were prepared by mechanical exfoliation on silicon wafers. We report size and wavelength dependent near-field interaction contrasts in both optical amplitude and phase. We show that near-field optical imaging allows material specific identification and characterization of Bi2Se3 exfoliated samples including the confirmation of residual tape presence or removal in stacked films. We describe an alternative “shear exfoliation” sample preparation method which reliably deposits Bi2Se3 without the possibility of adhesive contaminants.
Structural and Magnetic study of Al3+ doped Ni0.75Zn0.25Fe2-xAlxO4 nanoferrites
Authors: Wang L. , Rai B. K. , Mishra S. R.
Published: June 2019

Nanostructured Al3+ doped Ni0.75Zn0.25Fe2-xAlxO4 (x = 0.0,0.2,0.4,0.6,0.8, and 1.0) ferrites were synthesized via wet chemical method. X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and magnetization measurements have been used to investigate the structural and magnetic properties of spinel ferrites calcined at 950 °C .With the doping of Al3+, the particle size of Ni0.75Zn0.25Fe2-xAlxO4 first increased to 47 nm at x = 0.4 and then decreased down to 37 nm at x = 1. Saturation magnetization decreased linearly with Al3+ due to magnetic dilution. The coercive field showed an inverse dependence on the particle size of ferrites.
Flame synthesis of MgO nanoparticles in a FASP Reactor
Authors: De Falco Gianluigi , Morgan Alexander , Commodo Mario , Minutolo Patrizia , D’Anna Andrea
Published: June 2019

The purpose of this work is the development and control of a high temperature reactor for the production of engineered nanoparticles, taking advantage from our previous studies on combustion-generated fine carbonaceous particles. The reactor consists of a laminar premixed flame, homogenously doped with monodisperse droplets of metal precursors dissolved or dispersed in volatile solvents. The droplets are generated by a vibrating orifice aerosol generator, and injected directly into the burner. Fuel-lean and stoichiometric flames allow producing pure metal oxide particles of nanometric sizes.

Particles are collected by thermophoresis inserting a cold substrate in the flame by means of a pneumatic actuator. Morphological and dimensional analysis are performed on the collected particles by Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). SEM and AFM allow inferring both qualitative and quantitative information on many physical properties including size, morphology, surface texture and roughness.

Experimental results have been obtained from a premixed stoichiometric flame of ethylene and air, doped with 75 microns droplets of magnesium nitrate hexahydrate dissolved in ethanol. Roughly monodisperse magnesium oxide particles, having a desired size ranging from 50 nm down to 7 nm, have been produced by altering the precursor concentration in the solution and the residence time of the synthesis process.
Prediction of the radiative properties of reconstructed alpha-SiC foams used for concentrated solar applications
Authors: Rousseau Benoit , Guevelou Simon , Domingues Gilberto , Vicente Jerome , Caliot Cyril , Flamant Gilles
Published: June 2019

A SiC-based ceramic foam applied in solar thermal processes was characterized in detail in terms of its textural parameters and its radiative properties. Scanning electron microscopy and x-ray µ-tomography were first performed to investigate the 3D texture of the sample at several length scales. Infrared reflectance microscopy was also applied to probe the local optical responses on the struts constituting the foam. Based on the whole set of experimental data, a numerical tool (C++) was implemented to reconstruct virtual SiC foams. A Monte Carlo Ray Tracing code (iMorphRad, C++) was then used to compute the normal spectral emittance for the real SiC foam and for another reconstructed SiC foam with similar textural features. The two numerically determined emittances were then compared with previous infrared spectroscopy experimental measurements. This numerical procedure enables us to propose a methodology for the design of SiC foams with prescribed radiative properties.
Global trends and patterns in material use
Authors: Krausmann Fridolin , Schaffartzik Anke , Mayer Andreas , Gingrich Simone , Eisenmenger Nina
Published: June 2019

Humanity currently extracts almost 70 billion tons of materials per year. During the last century global materials extraction and use have increased by one order of magnitude. Growth accelerated in the last decade, when materials extraction grew with the global economy at an annual rate of 3.6%. For sustainable development it is of key importance to understand the spatial and temporal dynamics of global material use and the underlying drivers. This paper explores changes in global material use during the last century from a systemic perspective based on the concept of socio-economic metabolism.

In recent years socio-economic (or, more narrowly termed industrial) metabolism became a prominent concept in sustainability science as many global sustainability problems are directly associated with humanities growing demand for raw materials and their transformation into wastes and emissions after processing and use. Material Flow Analysis (MFA) is one of the approaches available to study social metabolism. It provides data and headline indicators for resource use in national economies and is widely used in science and by policy makers.

This paper presents results from a global material flow analysis and explores long term the development of global material extraction and use. It shows that in particular the period after WWII was characterized by a rapid expansion of resource use, driven by both population and economic growth. Within this period a shift from the dominance of renewable biomass towards mineral and fossil materials, which now account for 70% of all used materials, was observed. Overall, material use increased at a slower pace than the global economy, but faster than world population. As a consequence, material intensity (i.e. the amount of materials required per unit of GDP) declined throughout the 20th century, while materials use per capita doubled. The use of materials is by no means equally distributed around the globe. Per capita material use varies by a factor of 20 across countries. At the turn of the millennium, 15% of the global population living in industrialized countries were using half of all mineral and fossil resources; in contrast, the least developed countries, inhabiting 11% of global population, appropriated only 1% of these strategically important materials. In recent years, however, the emerging economies gained significance as drivers for physical growth. So far there is no evidence that growth of global materials use is slowing down. The paper discusses the implications of the results from the material flow analysis for sustainable development.
Development of Chalcogenide Thin Film Materials for Photoelectrochemical Hydrogen Production
Authors: Gaillard Nicolas , Prasher Dixit , Kaneshiro Jess , Mallory Stewart , Chong Marina
Published: June 2019

In the present communication, we report our efforts to integrate chalcogenide-based photoelectrochemical (PEC) materials into a standalone device capable of water-splitting using sunlight as the only source of energy. More specifically, the PEC performances of copper gallium diselenide are presented. First, a brief introduction to the material microstructural characteristics is presented. Then, the PEC properties are discussed, including incident-photonto-current efficiency (>60% in the visible), Faradaic efficiency (uncatalyzed, 86%) and durability (400 hours). Finally, we report the solar-to-hydrogen benchmark efficiency (3.7%) of a device made of a CuGaSe2 photocathode and a-Si solar cells measured in a 2-electrode configuration using a RuO2 counter electrode.
Theoretical studies of single magnetic impurities on the surface of semiconductors and topological insulators
Authors: Mahani M. R. , Pertsova A. , Canali C.M. , Islam M. F. , MacDonald A.H.
Published: June 2019

We present results of theoretical studies of transition metal dopants in GaAs, based on microscopic tight-binding model and ab-initio calculations. We focus in particular on how the vicinity of surface affects the properties of the hole-acceptor state, its magnetic anisotropy and its magnetic coupling to the magnetic dopant. In agreement with STM experiments, Mn substitutional dopants on the (110) GaAs surface give rise to a deep acceptor state, whose wavefunction is localized around the Mn center. We discuss a refinement of the theory that introduces explicitly the d-levels for the TM dopant. The explicit inclusion of d-levels is particularly important for addressing recent STM experiments on substitutional Fe in GaAs. In the second part of the paper we discuss an analogous investigation of single dopants in Bi2Se3 three-dimensional topological insulators, focusing in particular on how substitutional impurities positioned on the surface affect the electronic structure in the gap. We present explicit results for BiSe antisite defects and compare with STM experiments.
Magnetic Domain Structure of Nanocrystalline Zr18-xHfxCo82 Ribbons: Effect of Hf
Authors: Yue Lanping , Al-Omari I. A. , Zhang Wenyong , Skomski Ralph , Sellmyer D. J.
Published: June 2019

The effect of Hf on the permanent magnetism of nanocrystalline Zr18-xHfxCo82 ribbons (x = 0, 2, 4, and 6) was investigated by magnetic properties measurement and magnetic force microscopy (MFM). Emphasis is on the local magnetic domain structures in polycrystalline rapidly solidified Zr18-xHfxCo82 ribbons for four different samples with small fractions of Hf dopants (x ≤ 6). The investigation of the magnetic properties of the Zr18-xHfxCo82 ribbons revealed that all the samples under investigation are ferromagnetic at room temperature, and the corresponding MFM images show bright and dark contrast patterns with up-down magnetic domain structures. It is found that the saturation magnetization and the coercivity depend on Hf doping concentration x in the samples. For a sample with Hf concentration x = 4, the maximum energy product (BH)max value is 3.7 MGOe. The short magnetic correlation length of 131 nm and smallest root-mean-square phase shift value of 0.680 were observed for x = 4, which suggests the refinement of the magnetic domain structure due to weak intergranular exchange coupling in this sample. The above results indicate that suitable Hf addition is helpful for the magnetic domain structure refinement, the coecivity enhancement, and the energy-product improvement of this class of rare-earth-free nanocrystalline permanent-magnet materials.
Nanostructured ZnO–X Alloys with Tailored Optoelectronic Properties for Solar-energy Technologies
Authors: Dou Maofeng , Persson Clas
Published: June 2019

Alloying ZnO with isovalent compounds allows tailoring the material’s optoelectronic properties. In this work, we theoretically analyze the ZnO-based alloys ZnO–X ≡ (ZnO)1−x(X)x where X = GaN and InN, employing a first-principles Green’s function method GW0 based on the density functional approach. Since the alloy compounds are isovalent to ZnO, we find relatively small distortion of the crystalline structure, however, nanocluster structures are expected to be present in the alloy. ZnO–X reveal intriguing optoelectronic properties. Incorporating GaN or InN in ZnO strongly narrows the energy gap. The band gap energy is reduced from Eg = 3.34 eV in intrinsic ZnO to ∼2.17 and ∼1.89 eV in ZnO–X by alloying ZnO with 25% GaN and InN, respectively. Moreover, clustering enhances the impact on the electronic structure, and the gap energy in ZnO–InN is further reduced to 0.7–1.5 eV if the 25% compound contains nanoclusters. The dielectric function ε2(ω) varies weakly in ZnO–GaN with respect to alloy composition, while it varies rather strongly in ZnO–InN. Hence, by properly growing and designing ZnO–X, the alloy can be optimized for a variety of novel integrated optoelectronic nano-systems.
GaAs Pixel Detectors
Authors: Tyazhev A. , Budnitsky D. , Mokeev D. , Novikov V. , Zarubin A. , Tolbanov O. , Shelkov G. , Hamann E. , Fauler A , Fiederle M. , Procz S.
Published: June 2019

Results of investigation of X-ray sensors on the basis of GaAs compensated with chromium (HR GaAs) are presented in this work. HR GaAs material is shown to have the following physical parameters: the resistivity about 1GOhm*cm, the nonequilibrium charge carrier lifetime – hundreds of nanoseconds. Prototypes of microstrip and array HR GaAs sensors have been manufactured and tested. It is demonstrated that the sensors provide spatial resolution according to the pixel pitch and allow obtaining high quality X-ray images.