bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Thymoquinone exerts anti-tumor activities on human hepatocellular carcinoma cells: role of angiogenesis-related genes VCAN, Grb2 and EZH2
Authors: Alhassani Mohammed Y. , Zohny Samir F. , Sheikh Ryan A. , Hassan Mohammed A. , Kalantan Abdulaziz A. , Hosawi Salman , Alhosin Mahmoud
Published: August 2019

Human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most prevalent and recurrent type of primary adult liver cancer without any effective therapy. Thus, there is an increase demands for finding new drugs and treatment strategies with selective and potent effects towards HCC. Plant-derived compounds acting as anti-cancer agents can induce apoptosis through targeting several signaling pathways. Thymoquinone (TQ), the major biologically active compound of the black seed oil (Nigella sativa) has demonstrated inhibitory activities on various cancers by targeting several pathways. In the present study, we have evaluated the molecular mechanisms that underlie the anti-proliferative, anti-metastatic, and pro-apoptotic activities exerted by TQ on liver cancer cell lineHepG2, a well-documented HCC in vitro model. Cell proliferation was determined by WST-1 assay, apoptosis rate was assessed by flow cytometry using annexin-V/7AAD staining, wound healing assay to investigate the metastasis, and the expression of target genes was assessed by Real-time RT–PCR analysis. We found that TQ significantly reduced HepG2 cell viability and induced apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner. Migration of HepG2 cells was suppressed in response to TQ. Moreover, TQ decreased the expression of several angiogenesis-related genes including versican (VCAN), growth factor receptor-bound protein 2 (Grb2), and the histone methyltransferase for lysine 27 of histone 3 (EZH2). The findings suggest that TQ exerts inhibitory effects on HCC most likely through targeting key genes involved in the invasiveness and
Eruca sativa L-A promising source of drug lead for antimicrobial, neuroprotective and anticancer treatment regimens:
Pharmacological properties of medicinal plant “Eruca sativa”
Authors: Abdul Waseem Mohammed , Razvi Syed Shoeb
Published: August 2019

Rocket (Eruca sativa) is a low-calorie leafy vegetable of the family Brassicaceae under the genera Eruca mostly consumed raw in salads. It has been used since ancient times from food to medicine and cosmetics without any knowledge of the mechanism or the targets involved. However, presently, the production and cultivation of rocket have significantly increased owing to its different biological effects. Erucin and Sulforaphane are the most commonly studied isothiocyanates obtained from the plant parts of Eruca sativa. Over time, with continuous usage of conventional and synthetic drugs, the drug resistant and off-target toxicities rapidly increase, which necessitates for alternative medicine with increased specificity and minimal detrimental effects. It is interesting to note that many previous studies have reported the antimicrobial impact of E. sativa against the pathogenic bacterial species like Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhimurium, etc. Moreover, Erucin obtained from E. sativa has shown significant inhibitory and protective effect against different human cancer cell lines and xenograft animal models. The present review gives a brief overview of the antimicrobial, neuroprotective and anticancer effects of the various plant parts of E. sativa and the most bioactive isothiocyanates. It is exciting to note that epigenetic modulation of gene expression has also been reported in some studies which could be a new direction of research on the path of naturopathy.
FORMULAÇÃO DE BOLOS ENRIQUECIDOS COM FARINHAS PRODUZIDAS COM SUBPRODUTOS DA LARANJA
Authors: Urrutia Marianela Andrea , Ramos Amanda Gemelli , Horst Marina , Sacks Tássia , Bedin Bruna , Bernardi Daniela Miotto
Published: August 2019

RESUMO

A maior parte da produção total de laranja no Brasil é destinada à indústria de suco, gerando subprodutos ricos em bioativos, que normalmente são descartados. Nesse contexto, o trabalho teve por objetivo desenvolver e avaliar sensorialmente, formulações de bolos fortificadas com farinhas a base de subprodutos da laranja. Assim, foram produzidas duas farinhas, uma de casca de laranja e outra de casca e bagaço de laranja, onde, a matéria prima de ambas, foi previamente desidratada em estufa de circulação e logo triturada até formar as respectivas farinhas. Posteriormente foram desenvolvidas três formulações de bolos: Formulação 1 (F1): bolo tradicional de laranja, Formulação 2 (F2): bolo de aveia fortificado com farinha de casca de laranja, Formulação 3 (F3): bolo de aveia fortificado com farinha de casca e bagaço de laranja. A análise sensorial mostrou que, F1 teve uma aceitação significativamente melhor (p<0,05) para todos os parâmetros avaliados, do que F2 e F3 que não diferiram estatisticamente (p>0,05) entre si. Tanto a aveia como a casca de laranja, apresentam características funcionais que podem enriquecer preparações nutricionalmente, porém a palatabilidade de preparações com ingredientes tradicionais se reflete em uma melhor aceitação nos consumidores.

Palavras-chave: polifenóis; limoneno; bioativos.
Application Of Reality Therapy To Develop Effective Achievement Goals
Authors: Junmei Xiong Sunawan
Published: August 2019

Achievement goals affected student’s performance, emotion, motivation, and learning strategy. Unfortunately, some students did not have effective achievement goals. The purpose of this article was to provide a comprehensive review about application of reality therapy to develop effective achievement goals in individual counseling setting. During the counseling process, student’s achievement goals was interpreted from basic needs, quality world, choice theory and total behavior perspective. The goals of reality therapy were human connection, using choice theory, understanding total behavior and developing effective plans. Those goals were basis to develop effective achievement goals. This article also discussed implementation of the WDEP system.
GROWTH on S190510g: DECam Observation Planning and Follow-up of a Distant Binary Neutron Star Merger Candidate
Authors: Andreoni Igor , Goldstein Daniel A. , Anand Shreya , Coughlin Michael W. , Singer Leo P. , Ahumada Tomás , Medford Michael , Kool Erik C. , Webb Sara , Bulla Mattia , Bloom Joshua S. , Kasliwal Mansi M. , Nugent Peter E. , Bagdasaryan Ashot , Barnes Jennifer , Cook David O. , Cooke Jeff , Duev Dmitry A. , Fremling U. Christoffer , Gatkine Pradip , Golkhou V. Zach , Kong Albert K. H. , Mahabal Ashish , Martínez-Palomera Jorge , Tao Duo , Zhang 张可 Keming 名
Published: August 2019

The first two months of the third Advanced LIGO and Virgo observing run (2019 April–May) showed that distant gravitational-wave (GW) events can now be readily detected. Three candidate mergers containing neutron stars (NS) were reported in a span of 15 days, all likely located more than 100 Mpc away. However, distant events such as the three new NS mergers are likely to be coarsely localized, which highlights the importance of facilities and scheduling systems that enable deep observations over hundreds to thousands of square degrees to detect the electromagnetic counterparts. On 2019 May 10 02:59:39.292 UT the GW candidate S190510g was discovered and initially classified as a binary neutron star (BNS) merger with 98% probability. The GW event was localized within an area of 3462 deg2, later refined to 1166 deg2 (90%) at a distance of 227 ± 92 Mpc. We triggered Target-of-Opportunity observations with the Dark Energy Camera (DECam), a wide-field optical imager mounted at the prime focus of the 4 m Blanco Telescope at Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory in Chile. This Letter describes our DECam observations and our real-time analysis results, focusing in particular on the design and implementation of the observing strategy. Within 24 hr of the merger time, we observed 65% of the total enclosed probability of the final skymap with an observing efficiency of 94%. We identified and publicly announced 13 candidate counterparts. S190510g was reclassified 1.7 days after the merger, after our observations were completed, with a “BNS merger” probability reduced from 98% to 42% in favor of a “terrestrial classification.
The Transition from a Lognormal to a Power-law Column Density Distribution in Molecular Clouds: An Imprint of the Initial Magnetic Field and Turbulence
Authors: Auddy Sayantan , Basu Shantanu , Kudoh Takahiro
Published: August 2019

We introduce a theory for the development of a transitional column density ΣTP between the lognormal and the power-law forms of the probability distribution function in a molecular cloud. Our turbulent magnetohydrodynamic simulations show that the value of ΣTP increases as the strength of both the initial magnetic field and turbulence increases. We develop an analytic expression for ΣTP based on the interplay of turbulence, a (strong) magnetic field, and gravity. The transition value ΣTP scales with

, the square of the initial sonic Mach number, and β
0, the initial ratio of gas pressure to magnetic pressure. We fit the variation of ΣTP among different model clouds as a function of

or, equivalently, the square of the initial Alfvénic Mach number

. This implies that the transition value ΣTP is an imprint of cloud initial conditions and is set by turbulent compression of a magnetic cloud. Physically, the value of ΣTP denotes the boundary above which the mass-to-flux ratio becomes supercritical and gravity drives the evolution.
c-Abl–Mediated Tyrosine Phosphorylation of PARP1 Is Crucial for Expression of Proinflammatory Genes
Authors: Bohio Ameer Ali , Sattout Aman , Wang Ruoxi , Wang Ke , Sah Rajiv Kumar , Guo Xiaolan , Zeng Xianlu , Ke Yueshuang , Boldogh Istvan , Ba Xueqing
Published: August 2019

Poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation is a rapid and transient posttranslational protein modification mostly catalyzed by poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP1). Fundamental roles of activated PARP1 in DNA damage repair and cellular response pathways are well established; however, the precise mechanisms by which PARP1 is activated independent of DNA damage, and thereby playing a role in expression of inflammatory genes, remain poorly understood. In this study, we show that, in response to LPS or TNF-α exposure, the nonreceptor tyrosine kinase c-Abl undergoes nuclear translocation and interacts with and phosphorylates PARP1 at the conserved Y829 site. Tyrosine-phosphorylated PARP1 is required for protein poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation of RelA/p65 and NF-κB–dependent expression of proinflammatory genes in murine RAW 264.7 macrophages, human monocytic THP1 cells, or mouse lungs. Furthermore, LPS-induced airway lung inflammation was reduced by inhibition of c-Abl activity. The present study elucidated a novel signaling pathway to activate PARP1 and regulate gene expression, suggesting that blocking the interaction of c-Abl with PARP1 or pharmaceutical inhibition of c-Abl may improve the outcomes of PARP1 activation-mediated inflammatory diseases.
A Novel Vaccine Strategy to Overcome Poor Immunogenicity of Avian Influenza Vaccines through Mobilization of Memory CD4 T Cells Established by Seasonal Influenza
Authors: DiPiazza Anthony T. , Fan Shufang , Rattan Ajitanuj , DeDiego Marta L. , Chaves Francisco , Neumann Gabriele , Kawaoka Yoshihiro , Sant Andrea J.
Published: August 2019

Avian influenza vaccines exhibit poor immunogenicity in humans. We hypothesized that one factor underlying weak B cell responses was sequence divergence between avian and seasonal influenza hemagglutinin proteins, thus limiting the availability of adequate CD4 T cell help. To test this, a novel chimeric hemagglutinin protein (cH7/3) was derived, comprised of the stem domain from seasonal H3 hemagglutinin and the head domain from avian H7. Immunological memory to seasonal influenza was established in mice, through strategies that included seasonal inactivated vaccines, Flumist, and synthetic peptides derived from the H3 stalk domain. After establishment of memory, mice were vaccinated with H7 or cH7/3 protein. The cH7/3 Ag was able to recall H3-specific CD4 T cells, and this potentiated CD4 T cell response was associated with enhanced early germinal center response and rapid elicitation of Abs to H7, including Abs specific for the H7 head domain. These results suggest that in pandemic situations, inclusion of CD4 T cell epitopes from seasonal viruses have the potential to overcome the poor immunogenicity of avian vaccines by helping B cells and conferring greater subtype-specific Ab response to viral HA.
The crural interosseous membrane re-visited: a histological and microscopic study
Authors: Morley Joseph , Fan Chenglei , McDermott Kena , Fede Caterina , Hughes Emmett , Stecco Carla
Published: August 2019

The aim of this study was to characterize the microscopic structure and sensory nerve endings of the crural interosseous membrane (IM). 13 IMs from 7 cadavers were used to analyze the organization of the collagen fibers, IM’s thickness, distribution of elastic fibers and nerve elements. The IM is mainly a two-layer collagen fascicle structure with the collagen fibers of adjacent layers orientated along different directions, forming angles of 30.5 +/- 1.7° at proximal and 26.6 +/- 2.1° at distal part (P>0.05). The percentage of elastic fibers between the two layers and inside the collagen fascicle layer is 10.1 +/- 0.5% and 2.2 +/- 0.1% (P<0.001). The IM’s thickness at proximal, middle, and distal parts is 268.5 +/- 18.6μm; 293.2 +/- 12.5μm; 365.3 +/- 19.3 μm, respectively (Proximal vs Distal: P<0.001; Middle vs Distal: P<0.05). Nerve elements were present and located both inside and on the surface of the IM, whereas the mechanoreceptors are mainly located on the surface of the IM. Free nerve endings (33.3 +/- 5.0/cm2) and Ruffini corpuscles (3.4 +/- 0.6/cm2) were the predominant sensory elements, while Pacinian corpuscles (1.3 +/- 0.7/cm2) were rarely found. The type of mechanoreceptors found suggests that the IM may play a role in proprioception.
Post-structuralism and the Trinity: A reading of The Brand New Testament
Authors: Verhoef Anné H.
Published: August 2019

From a post-structuralist position, it is problematic and seemingly impossible to refer to God as the Trinity. This article describes possibilities for thinking about the Trinity (religion and God) within a post-structuralist context. As an example of such thinking, the 2015 culture-critique film, The Brand New Testament, will be analysed. It is a creative retelling of the Christian story and of the Trinity in a secular and post-metaphysical vein. This ‘Brand New Testament’ reveals God as ‘one’ – as the encompassing love, hope and life which we may experience in this life. The life-giving characteristics of this ‘god’ are surprisingly close to the biblical understanding of the Trinity. In the ‘Brand New Testament’, however, the Trinity is portrayed radically differently than in the Christian tradition. The personae of father, son and spirit are deconstructed in the film, in that a daughter and a mother also form part of the godhead. This deconstruction of the Trinity, which should not be confused with blasphemy, opens up a possible post-structuralist imagining of God. It playfully reveals a powerless god who shares some fundamental characteristics with the Trinity – such as love, joy and life. It allows for the ‘oneness of god’ to include more, and less, than the ‘Holy Trinity’.
A rare case report of transitional urothelial carcinoma metastasizing to isolated upper cervical lymph node diagnosed on cytology
Authors: Qayoom Sumaira , Sagar Mala , Goel Divya , Goel Madhu Mati
Published: August 2019

Transitional urothelial carcinoma frequently metastasizes to pelvic and retroperitoneal lymph nodes usually within 2 years of primary diagnosis but isolated metastasis to upper cervical lymph node after 5 years of primary diagnosis is extremely rare. We report here a case of a 53-year-old male who presented with Level II cervical node enlargement after 5 years of being diagnosed and treated for urothelial carcinoma. The diagnosis of cervical metastasis from urothelial carcinoma was suggested by fine-needle aspiration cytology and confirmed by immunocytochemistry.
Primary intratesticular rhabdomyosarcoma, a rare entity
Authors: Lachi Pavan Kumar , Armugham N. , Triveni B. , Sheela B. , Krishna M. Rama
Published: August 2019

Paratesticular rhabdomyosarcoma is a very rare mesenchymal tumor. It is an intrascrotal tumor that is localized in paratesticular structures such as the epididymis or spermatic cord. Rhabdomyosarcoma is most often observed in children and adolescents, presenting as a painless scrotal mass. An 18-year-old man presented with a painless left scrotal mass and lump abdomen that had evolved over four months. A histological examination of the lesion revealed rhabdomyosarcoma. Chemotherapy with alternative cycles of Vincristine, Adriamycin, Cyclophosphamide followed by Ifosphamide, Etoposide was given. Paratesticular rhabdomyosarcoma is a rare aggressive tumor manifesting in children and very young adults. Localized forms have a good prognosis whereas metastatic tumors show very poor results. A well-defined treatment based on surgery and chemotherapy yields good results.
Aggressive-fungating retinal hemangioblastoma
Authors: Menon Sudha Girish , Ramachandran Girish Menon , Jacob Mridula , Hegde Ajay , Pai Kanthilatha
Published: August 2019

Retinal hemangioblastomas are one of the most common and early manifestations of Von Hippel–Lindau disease. Early detection is the key in their management. When left untreated, these benign neoplasms may continue to grow and result in scleral infiltration and extraocular extension warranting enucleation of the globe.
O Programa Nacional de Assistência Estudantil – PNAES na Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV): uma avaliação na percepção dos beneficiários
Authors: Eloi Sueli de Souza Santos , Silva Fernanda Cristina da , Silveira Suely de Fátima Ramos , Baêta Odemir Vieira
Published: August 2019

O presente estudo tem por objetivo geral avaliar o Programa Nacional de Assistência Estudantil (PNAES) na Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV) na percepção de seus beneficiários. Para tanto, foi realizada uma pesquisa de caráter descritiva, de natureza quantitativa e do tipo levantamento. Os dados foram coletados por meio de questionários aplicados a uma amostra de 312 beneficiários do Programa. Como método de análise, utilizou-se de estatística descritiva. De forma geral, constatou-se que, referente às áreas de atuação do PNAES, os participantes da pesquisa estão satisfeitos com as suas condições atuais, sendo as áreas inclusão digital, transporte e moradia as melhores avaliadas, e as áreas de saúde, creche e acessibilidade, as piores. Quanto ao grau de influência dessas áreas no alcance dos objetivos do programa, constatou-se que: na dimensão “desempenho acadêmico” as áreas que exercem maior influência são moradia, alimentação e inclusão digital; na dimensão “decisão de continuar no curso” as mais influentes são moradia, apoio pedagógico e alimentação; e na dimensão “concluir o curso dentro do prazo previsto” as áreas com maior influência são moradia, apoio pedagógico e inclusão digital. Quanto às áreas que apresentam menor influência nas três dimensões têm-se as áreas creche, esporte e cultura. Assim, para que o PNAES atinja os seus objetivos, as áreas mapeadas precisam ser constantemente monitoradas e avaliadas, de forma que a UFV possa adequar as ações de assistência realizadas às necessidades e espectativas dos seus beneficiários.
La sociología de la educación en turismo en Uruguay: un análisis de la oferta educativa en turismo y de sus centros de investigación
Authors: Pimentel Thiago Duarte , Carvalho Fabíola Cristina Costa de , Pimentel Mariana Pereira Chaves
Published: August 2019

Este artículo analisa la oferta educativa del turismo y su vínculo con las estructuras formales de producción de conocimiento del área, en Uruguay. Por lo tanto, se realizó una revisión sobre la sociología de la educación aplicada al turismo, así como sobre los órganos y las estructuras formales (núcleos, grupos, observatorios, centros, etc.) dedicados a la investigación en turismo. La investigación empírica, de carácter cuantitativo, ha sido basada en un survey (con apoyo del SPSS) de todos los programas de turismo existentes en el país, como la Secretaría de Educación de Uruguay. Se verificó la existencia de OET y de EFIT en las IES, por medio de sus sitios electrónicos, según protocolo de investigación desarrollado en un estudio previo por Pimentel y De Paula (2014). Los resultados muestran que hay una baja oferta formativa en turismo en Uruguay, una fuerte asimetría entre OET y EFIT, además de discrepancias internas en la oferta educativa en turismo, como la preponderancia de los programas de licenciatura, en el área temática de “economía y gestión”. La inexistencia de una OET más plural, transversal y  complementaria, ayuda a explicar parcialmente la ausencia de estructuras formales de investigación en turismo.
Impacts of Labor Market Institutions and Demographic Factors on Labor Markets in Latin America
Authors: Kugler Adriana
Published: August 2019

This paper documents recent labor market performance in the Latin American region. The paper shows that unemployment, informality, and inequality have been falling over the past two decades, though still remain high. By contrast, productivity has remained stubbornly low. The paper, then, turns to the potential impacts of various labor market institutions, including employment protection legislation (EPL), minimum wages (MW), payroll taxes, unemployment insurance (UI) and collective bargaining, as well as the impacts of demographic changes on labor market performance. The paper relies on evidence from carefully conducted studies based on micro-data for countries in the region and for other countries with similar income levels to draw conclusions on the impact of labor market institutions and demographic factors on unemployment, informality, inequality and productivity. The decreases in unemployment and informality can be partly explained by the reduced strictness of EPL and payroll taxes, but also by the increased shares of more educated and older workers. By contrast, the fall in inequality starting in 2002 can be explained by a combination of binding MW throughout most of the region and, to a lesser extent, by the introduction of UI systems in some countries and the role of unions in countries with moderate unionization rates. Falling inequality can also be explained by the fall in the returns to skill associated with increased share of more educated and older workers.
Fiscal Transparency, Accountability, and Risk
Authors:   International Monetary Fund
Published: August 2019

This paper surveys that state of fiscal transparency in the wake of the current crisis and looks at what can be done to improve it. It examines the relationship between fiscal transparency and fiscal outcomes; reviews progress in promoting greater fiscal transparency over the past decade; considers the lessons of the recent crisis for existing fiscal transparency standards, practices, and monitoring arrangements; and makes a series of recommendations for renewing the global fiscal transparency effort in the wake of the crisis.
Strengthening the International Monetary System—A Stocktaking
Authors:   International Monetary Fund
Published: August 2019

In light of the changing contours of the global economy, this paper provides an overview of the challenges facing the International Monetary System (IMS). It seeks to forge a common understanding of the challenges facing the IMS and its shortcomings, and to lay the basis for discussing a possible roadmap for further work on reform areas.
Role of climate model dynamics in estimated climate responses to anthropogenic aerosols
Authors: Nordling Kalle , Korhonen Hannele , Räisänen Petri , Alper Muzaffer Ege , Uotila Petteri , O'Donnell Declan , Merikanto Joonas
Published: August 2019

Abstract. Significant discrepancies remain in estimates of climate impacts of anthropogenic aerosols between different general
circulation models (GCMs). Here, we demonstrate that eliminating differences in model aerosol or radiative forcing fields results in close agreement in simulated globally averaged temperature and precipitation responses in the studied GCMs. However, it does not erase the differences in regional responses.
We carry out experiments of equilibrium climate response to modern-day anthropogenic aerosols using an identical representation of anthropogenic aerosol optical properties and the first indirect effect of aerosols, MACv2-SP (a simple plume implementation of the second version of the Max Planck Institute Aerosol CLimatology), in two independent climate models (NorESM, Norwegian Earth System Model, and ECHAM6).
We find consistent global average temperature responses of −0.48 (±0.02) and −0.50 (±0.03) K and precipitation responses of −1.69 (±0.04) % and −1.79 (±0.05) % in NorESM1 and ECHAM6, respectively, compared to modern-day equilibrium climate without anthropogenic aerosols. However, significant differences remain between the two GCMs' regional temperature responses around the Arctic circle and the Equator and precipitation responses in the tropics. The scatter in the simulated globally averaged responses is small in magnitude when compared against literature data from modern GCMs using model intrinsic aerosols but same aerosol emissions −(0.5–1.1) K and −(1.5–3.1) % for temperature and precipitation, respectively). The Pearson correlation of regional temperature (precipitation) response in these literature model experiments with intrinsic aerosols is 0.79 (0.34). The corresponding correlation coefficient for NorESM1 and ECHAM6 runs with identical aerosols is 0.78 (0.41).
The lack of improvement in correlation coefficients between models with identical aerosols and models with intrinsic aerosols implies that the spatial distribution of regional climate responses is not improved via homogenizing the aerosol descriptions in the models. Rather, differences in the atmospheric dynamic and snow/sea ice cover responses dominate the differences in regional climate responses. Hence, even if we would have perfect aerosol descriptions inside the global climate models, uncertainty arising from the differences in circulation responses between the models would likely still result in a significant uncertainty in regional climate responses.
Drivers and modelling of blue carbon stock variability
Authors: Ewers Lewis Carolyn J. , Young Mary A. , Ierodiaconou Daniel , Baldock Jeffrey A. , Hawke Bruce , Sanderman Jonathan , Carnell Paul E. , Macreadie Peter I.
Published: August 2019

Abstract. Tidal marshes, mangrove forests, and seagrass meadows are important global carbon (C) sinks, commonly referred to as coastal blue carbon. However, these ecosystems are rapidly declining with little understanding of what drives the magnitude and variability of C associated with them, making strategic and effective management of blue C stocks challenging. In this study, our aims were threefold: (1) identify ecological, geomorphological, and anthropogenic variables associated with C stock variability in blue C ecosystems; (2) create a predictive model of blue C stocks; and, (3) map regional blue C stock magnitude and variability. We had the unique opportunity of using a high-spatial-density C stock dataset from 96 blue C ecosystems across the state of Victoria, Australia, integrated with spatially explicit environmental data to reach these aims. We used an information theoretic approach to create, average, validate, and select the best general linear mixed effects model for predicting C stocks across the state. Ecological drivers (i.e. ecosystem type or dominant species/ecological vegetation class) best explained variability in C stocks, relative to geomorphological and anthropogenic drivers. Of the geomorphological variables, distance to coast, distance to freshwater, and slope best explained C stock variability. Anthropogenic variables were of least importance. We estimated over 2.31 million Mg C stored in the top 30 cm of sediment in coastal blue C ecosystems in Victoria, 88 % of which was contained within four major coastal areas due to the extent of blue C ecosystems (~ 87 % of total blue C ecosystem area). Regionally, these data can inform conservation management, paired with assessment of other ecosystem services, by enabling identification of hotspots for protection and key locations for restoration efforts. Globally, these methods can be applied to identify relationships between environmental drivers and C stocks to produce predictive C stock models at scales relevant for resource management.
Evidence for a widespread climatic anomaly at around 7.5–7.0 cal ka BP
Authors: Hou Mei , Wu Wenxiang , Cohen David J. , Zhou Yang , Zeng Zhaoqi , Huang Han , Zheng Hongbo , Ge Quansheng
Published: August 2019

Abstract. A climate event at 7.5–7.0 cal ka BP (thousand calibrated years before present) has been recognized. This event is important for foreseeing the possible response of the climate system to global warming and for interpreting considerable societal change, but it has heretofore lacked a systematic review. Here, we summarize previously published paleoclimate records spanning this event from 47 sites around the world. The proxy evidence from a variety of paleo-archives, including lake sediments, speleothems, marine sediments, and ice cores, provides a clear picture of this climate change. The synthesis results show a weaker Asian summer monsoon, in contrast to a stronger South American summer monsoon during the event. The event also involves dramatic cooling and wetter conditions in north-central Europe and in western North America, widespread aridity across Africa, contrasting patterns of precipitation variability throughout the Mediterranean, and notable cooling over the polar region, suggesting that it is a worldwide climate event. Comparison of paleoclimate records with climate-forcing time series gives likely climate controls for the event. The close correspondence in time of solar irradiance minima, strong volcanic eruptions, the meltwater flux into the North Atlantic, an orbitally induced decrease in solar insolation, and climate changes indicated by proxy data suggest possible linkages. More quantitative reconstructions and higher resolution climate records are needed to fully capture the magnitude, timing, duration, and nature of this event, which will be of considerable relevance to modeling.
MetSim v2.0.0: A flexible and extensible framework for the estimation and disaggregation of meteorological data
Authors: Bennett Andrew R. , Hamman Joseph J. , Nijssen Bart
Published: August 2019

Abstract. MetSim is a freely available, open source Python based model for simulation and disaggregation of meteorological variables with applications in the environmental and Earth sciences. MetSim can be used to generate spatially distributed sub-daily timeseries of incoming shortwave radiation, outgoing longwave radiation, air pressure, specific humidity, relative humidity, vapor pressure, precipitation, and air temperature given daily timeseries of minimum temperature, maximum temperature, and precipitation. Based on previously developed algorithms, we demonstrate that MetSim is able to closely reproduce their results while providing a number of advantages and improvements. We implemented automated testing to decrease errors during development and to improve reproducibility, modularized the algorithms to allow for extensions and modifications, and implemented robust single and multi-node parallelism. We describe the overall architecture, algorithms, and capabilities of MetSim by describing its four major modules. These are split into a model driver, solar geometry module, meteorological simulation module, and temporal disaggregation module. We also describe the available options and parameters that MetSim exposes to its users and analyze MetSim's scalability for large datasets.
Structural and Productive Characteristics of Urochloa Cultivars Submitted to Different Defoliation Frequencies in Semiarid Region
Authors: Oliveira Jacqueline Dos Santos , Emerenciano Neto João Virgínio , Santos Rodrigo Da Silva , Bonfim Breno Ramon de Souza , Lista Fábio Nunes , Vieira Vanessa Alexandre , Difante Gelson Dos Santos
Published: August 2019

This study assessed the effect of three cutting intervals (30, 45 and 60 days) on structural and production features of five different cultivars (Urochloa Brizantha: Marandu, Piatã and Xaraés; Urochloa decumbens: Basilisk; Urochloa hybrid: Mulato I). The experiment was carried out in a completely randomized design. The interaction between the defoliation frequency and the cultivars not significant to the length and width of the leaf blade, the diameter of the stem, and the number of living leaves. There was no effect of the cutting intervals on the width of the leaf blade, and the number or living leaves. The length and width of the leaf blade were highest in the Xaraés grass. The diameter of the stem, the height canopy and the forage mass grew as a function of the cutting interval. Cv. Xaraés displayed the highest heights and was the most productive. Stems and leaves masses, and the accumulation rates grew with the increase of the cutting intervals. The ratio leaf blade stem decreased as increasing the cutting intervals. Urochloa pastures should be handled with defoliation frequencies up to 45 days. Cv. Xaraés displays a high dry matter production and we suggest its use in intensive production systems.
Identifcation and Location of Partial Discharge Defects in Medium Voltage AC Cables
Authors: Shafiq Muhammad , Robles Guillermo , Hussain Amjad , Kauhaniemi Kimmo , Lehtonen Matti
Published: August 2019

The presence of partial discharge (PD) in electricalequipment is the confirmation or indication of an ongoingdegradation of its dielectric insulation. PD study is a widely usedtool for condition monitoring of medium voltage (MV) cables.The location of the defects can be considered as one of the mostimportant tasks of diagnosis in underground installations of MVcables. A lot of references can be found on the location of singlePD sources along the cable. However, several PD defects can beactive simultaneously along a cable section. This paper presentsan experimental study on a MV cable having two PD sourcesand noise. Adopting one end measurement technique, a highfrequency current transformer (HFCT) is used to capture the PDcurrent pulses. A simple approach of identification of the PDsignals originated from different PD sources is presented basedon wave-shape study along with a time domain reflectometryanalysis. The presented measurement methodology and timedomain analysis technique provides a convenient way fordetection and location of more than one PD sources along a cablesection.
An Electrode Setup for Non-contact Dielectric Response Measurement
Authors: Hao Jing , Xu Xiangdong , Taylor Nathaniel
Published: August 2019

The dielectric response measurement is a widely used technique for characterizing dielectric materials. However, the contact problems between samples and electrodes existing in the use of conventional electrode setup limit the accuracy of the measurement. This paper studies an electrode arrangement that avoids direct contacts of the sample with the electrodes on both sides. The edge effect of this arrangement is calculated by the FEM model. The equations to derive the complex permittivity are presented. The measurement instrument is described and the influence of the small voltage between its measure and guard terminals is analyzed. The error sensitivities of the non-contact and contact methods are compared. The results show that this electrode arrangement can be used to perform non-contact measurements, the edge effect of it is not significant, and the guard voltage is not an obstacle to obtain results with high accuracy. Overall, the non-contact electrode arrangement combined with the IDAX 300 can potentially improve the accuracy of dielectric response measurements although the non-contact methods can increase the sensitivities to errors.
Tres versiones de Petrarca: Modelos poéticos y modelos editoriales en el Siglo de Oro españolThree Versions of Petrarch: Poetic and Editorial Models in Spanish Golden Age
Authors: Aguilar Ignacio García
Published: August 2019

This article offers, from the perspective of material bibliography, a comparative analysis of Spanish translations from Petrarca's Canzoniere by Usque Hebreo (1567), Enrique Garcés (1591) and Trenado de Ayllón (1595). From their study it can be concluded that particularities of every single Canzoniere version are related to the existence of different editorial models having codified functions and senses in sixteenth-century Spanish poetry books.
Iniciação à docência em Física inspirada no ensino por investigação
Authors: Domingues Guilherme Henrique Correia , Nascimento William Junior , Valério Marcelo
Published: August 2019

Os limitados resultados da educação científica e, em especial, do ensino de Física, explicam-se, em parte, pelas carências na formação específica de professores na área. Os processos de iniciação à docência sofrem para conectar as teorias pedagógicas a uma realidade escolar depauperada, e isso desafia ainda mais a transposição dos conteúdos de referência em vivências cativantes para os alunos. Este artigo narra uma experiência de iniciação docente de um licenciando em Física, por ocasião de sua participação em um projeto de extensão universitária, e as reflexões decorrentes. Relata-se sua inspiração por um referencial pedagógico e se apresenta o planejamento didático e a descrição de seis aulas sobre “Trabalho e Energia” para uma turma de primeiro ano do ensino médio, na perspectiva do “ensino por investigação”.
Racial Calculations: Indian and Pakistani Immigrants in Houston, 1960–1980
Authors: Quraishi Uzma
Published: August 2019

Highly educated Indian and Pakistani immigrants arrived in boomtown Houston in the 1960s and 1970s, readily securing employment as engineers or other white-collar professionals. At the same time, they faced racism in housing, the workplace, university campuses, and restaurants. Asians were “conditionally included”—that is, accepted for their economic value but often, socially outcast. The racial calculations made by Indian and Pakistani immigrants in a rapidly internationalizing city were fraught with contradictions. They sought places and spaces where they felt tolerated, even if not completely welcomed into the fold. At the same time, they wielded their class status and ethnicity as tools by which they could both distance themselves from other racialized minorities and attempt to bypass their own racialization altogether. The experiences of immigrants of color reveals the racial architecture–-that is, those norms that upheld the structure of white privilege–-of a changing American South.
Clinical experience of narrow band imaging (NBI) usage in diagnosis of laryngeal lesions
Authors: Popek Barbara , Bojanowska-Poźniak Katarzyna , Tomasik Bartłomiej , Fendler Wojciech , Jeruzal-Świątecka Joanna , Pietruszewska Wioletta
Published: August 2019

Introduction: One of the most recent methods used in imaging of the larynx is narrow band imaging (NBI). NBI enables us to detect specific patterns of pathological angiogenesis suggestive of premalignant or neoplastic lesions. The aim of the study was to compare imaging of laryngeal lesions in white light endoscopy (WLE) and NBI in relation to histopathological examination. Material and methods: 333 patients with laryngeal lesions underwent endoscopic evaluation in WLE and NBI. Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value (PPV, NPV) for WLE and NBI were calculated. The diagnostic value for WLE and NBI was evaluated for two assumptions (positive result is:1. severe dysplasia and cancer 2. only cancer) Results: Sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV of first assumption were respectively for white light compared to NBI: 95.4% vs 98.5%; 84.2% vs 98.5%; 79.6% vs 97.7% and 96.6% vs 99.0%. The values of second assumption were: 97.4% vs 100%; 79.3% vs 93.5%; 72.6% vs. 89.4% and 98.2% vs. 100.0%. Higher sensitivity was observed for the second assumption, while higher specifity was recorded for the first assumption. Specificity was significantly higher for NBI than for WLE (p<0.001). Conclusions: NBI enables us to detect and differentiate laryngeal lesions, which are invisible in WLE. Endoscopic examination, especially in NBI-mode, is non-invasive, repeatable and remains a useful tool in the daily practice and diagnosis of patients with pathological lesions in the larynx.
White House Conference: ALA and affiliates issue agenda
Authors: Wand Patricia A.
Published: August 2019

White House Conference: ALA and affiliates issue agenda
Section funding discussion
Authors: Spaulding Helen H.
Published: August 2019

Section funding discussion
Diagnostic Accuracy of Anticarbamylated Protein Antibodies in Established Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Monocentric Cross‐Sectional Study
Authors: Erre G. L. , Mundula N. , Colombo E. , Mangoni A. A. , Sechi L. A. , Oggiano M. , Irde R. , Zinellu A. , Passiu G. , Carru C.
Published: August 2019

Objective

To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of anticarbamylated protein antibodies (CarP), alone and in combination with traditional biomarkers (rheumatoid factor [RF] and anticitrullinated peptide antibodies [ACPA]), in established rheumatoid arthritis (RA).

Methods

A commercially available enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit was used to assess CarP concentrations in serum samples of 200 established RA and 206 controls (115 healthy donors and 55 patients with other rheumatic diseases). Main outcome measures were sensitivity, specificity, and area under the curve (AUC; 95% confidence interval [CI]). Difference in accuracy was evaluated by comparison of the respective AUCs.

Results

A serum CarP cut‐off of 1.47 ng/ml or more differentiated patients with RA from controls with 30% sensitivity, 97.1% specificity, and good accuracy (AUC[95%CI] = 0.83[0.79‐0.86], P < 0.0001). However, it showed moderate diagnostic accuracy in seronegative RA patients: sensitivity 17.9%, specificity 96.9%, and AUC (95% CI) = 0.69 (0.63‐0.75). The diagnostic accuracy of CarP_ACPA and CarP_RF combinations was significantly superior to that of ACPA and RF alone (P < 0.0001 and P = 0.015, respectively), but not to that of ACPA_RF combination (P = 0.089) In addition, the CarP_ACPA_RF combination did not improve the diagnostic accuracy of the ACPA_RF combination (AUC mean difference [95% CI] = 0.006 [−0.001 to 0.015], P = 0.10). The number of positive autoantibodies (0, 1, 2, or 3) was not significantly associated with moderate‐severe disease (Disease Activity Score‐28 [DAS‐28] > 3.2) in adjusted multiple regression analysis.

Conclusion

CarP has good diagnostic accuracy in established RA but not in seronegative RA. The addition of CarP to ACPA and RF alone or in combination does not significantly enhance the diagnostic accuracy of ACPA_RF combination.
Child psychiatrist consult reduces inappropriate prescribing
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: August 2019

It may sound surprising that children are prescribed psychotropic medications without the involvement of a child psychiatrist — and that many of these medications are off‐label or overprescribed as a result — but that's what happens to foster children and other children in the child welfare system. A promising intervention for reducing overprescribing and off‐label prescribing to youth in state welfare systems is the involvement of child psychiatrists, according to a study, titled “Within‐Subject Change in Psychotropic Prescribing Patterns Among Youth in Foster Care Associated With a Peer‐to‐Peer Physician Consulting Program.”
Plant‐Inspired Pyrogallol‐Containing Functional Materials
Authors: Shin Mikyung , Park Eunsook , Lee Haeshin
Published: August 2019

Pyrogallol‐containing molecules are ubiquitous in the plant kingdom. The chemical synthesis of these molecules remains challenging. Thus, they are obtained via purification from heterogeneous mixtures of plant extracts. Previous studies have focused on their biological roles, such as antioxidants. Additionally, the molecules are used as ink colorants and in tanning processes for leather. Recently, many disciplines have paid attention to adhesiveness of pyrogallol‐containing molecules, including the control of interface properties in energy storage/generation and medical devices, as well as the changes in wettability related to membrane technologies. In particular, pyrogallol‐containing molecules act as “molecular glues,” binding to virtually all biomacromolecules, for example, DNA/RNA, soluble proteins, insoluble extracellular matrices, and peptides. Furthermore, the cohesion of pyrogallol by forming pyrogallol‐to‐pyrogallol covalent bonds is useful for the preparation of bulk hydrogels and thin films. The content of this review focuses on interactions with biomacromolecules used as molecular glues, used as modifiers in material‐independent surface chemistry, and applied as chemical moieties to form covalent linkages to fabricate hydrogels and related biomaterials. Future perspectives include the development of new pyrogallol‐containing materials, the understanding of chirality in adhesion, and the improvement of the mechanical stability for applications in various biomedical, energy, and industrial devices.
Nanocellulose for Sensing Applications
Authors: Nguyen Long H. , Naficy Sina , Chandrawati Rona , Dehghani Fariba
Published: August 2019

Nanocellulose market is estimated to be worth $660 million by 2023. Rapid advances in nanotechnology and material sciences have facilitated investigation of nanocellulose, giving rise to their emergence as desirable biomaterials. There has been substantial research undertaken on the applications of nanocellulose in various fields such as renewable energy, electronics, environment, food agriculture, biomedical, and healthcare. More recent attention has focused on the applications of nanocellulose in sensor domain. Here, the recent developments of nanocellulose with more focus on cellulose nanocrystals in sensing applications are highlighted and discussed in detail.
A taxonomically broad metagenomic survey of 339 species spanning 57 families suggests cystobasidiomycete yeasts are not ubiquitous across all lichens
Authors: Lendemer James C. , Keepers Kyle G. , Tripp Erin A. , Pogoda Cloe S. , McCain Christy M. , Kane Nolan C.
Published: August 2019

Premise

Lichens are fungi that enter into obligate symbioses with photosynthesizing organisms (algae, cyanobacteria). Traditional narratives of lichens as binary symbiont pairs have given way to their recognition as dynamic metacommunities. Basidiomycete yeasts, particularly of the genus Cyphobasidium, have been inferred to be widespread and important components of lichen metacommunities. Yet, the presence of basidiomycete yeasts across a wide diversity of lichen lineages has not previously been tested.

Methods

We searched for lichen‐associated cystobasidiomycete yeasts in newly generated metagenomic data from 413 samples of 339 lichen species spanning 57 families and 25 orders. The data set was generated as part of a large‐scale project to study lichen biodiversity gradients in the southern Appalachian Mountains Biodiversity Hotspot of southeastern North America.

Results

Our efforts detected cystobasidiomycete yeasts in nine taxa (Bryoria nadvornikiana, Heterodermia leucomelos, Lecidea roseotincta, Opegrapha vulgata, Parmotrema hypotropum, P. subsumptum, Usnea cornuta, U. strigosa, and U. subgracilis), representing 2.7% of all species sampled. Seven of these taxa (78%) are foliose (leaf‐like) or fruticose (shrubby) lichens that belong to families where basidiomycete yeasts have been previously detected. In several of the nine cases, cystobasidiomycete rDNA coverage was comparable to, or greater than, that of the primary lichen fungus single‐copy nuclear genomic rDNA, suggesting sampling artifacts are unlikely to account for our results.

Conclusions

Studies from diverse areas of the natural sciences have led to the need to reconceptualize lichens as dynamic metacommunities. However, our failure to detect cystobasidiomycetes in 97.3% (330 species) of the sampled species suggests that basidiomycete yeasts are not ubiquitous in lichens.