bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Anti-cancer activities of Ganoderma lucidum: active ingredients and pathways
Authors: Kao Chi , Jesuthasan Amalini C. , Bishop Karen S. , Glucina Marcus P. , Ferguson Lynnette R.
Published: August 2018

Ganoderma lucidum, commonly referred to as Lingzhi, has been used in Asia for health promotion for centuries. The anti-cancer effects of G. lucidum have been demonstrated in both in vitro and in vivo studies. In addition, the observed anti-cancer activities of Ganoderma have prompted its usage by cancer patients alongside chemotherapy. The main two bioactive components of G. lucidum can be broadly grouped into triterpenes and polysaccharides. Despite triterpenes and polysaccharides being widely known as the major active ingredients, the different biological pathways by which they exert their anti-cancer effect remain poorly defined. Therefore, understanding the mechanisms of action may lead to more widespread use of Ganoderma as an anti-cancer agent. The aim of this paper is to summarise the various bioactive mechanisms that have been proposed for the anti-cancer properties of triterpenes and polysaccharides extracted from G. lucidum. A literature search of published papers on NCBI with keywords “Ganoderma” and “cancer” was performed. Among those, studies which specifically examined the anti-cancer activities of Ganoderma triterpenes and polysaccharides were selected to be included in this paper. We have found five potential mechanisms which are associated with the anti-cancer activities of Ganoderma triterpenes and three potential mechanisms for Ganoderma polysaccharides. In addition, G. lucidum has been used in combination with known anti-cancer agents to improve the anti-cancer efficacies. This suggests Ganoderma’s bioactive pathways may compliment that of anti-cancer agents. In this paper we present several potential anti-cancer mechanisms of Ganoderma triterpenes and polysaccharides which can be used for the development of Ganoderma as an anti-cancer agent.Keywords: Ganoderma lucidum, cancer, bioactive pathways, triterpene, polysaccharide
Cancer-specific Therapeutic Potential of Resveratrol: Metabolic Approach against Hallmarks of Cancer
Authors: Suh Dong Hoon , Kim Mi-Kyung , Kim Hee Seung , Chung Hyun Hoon , Song Yong Sang
Published: August 2018

Cancer hallmarks include evading apoptosis, limitless replicative potential, sustained angiogenesis, tissue invasion and metastasis. Cancer cells undergo metabolic reprogramming and inevitably take advantage of glycolysis to meet the increased metabolic demand: rapid energy generation and macromolecular synthesis. Resveratrol, a polyphenolic phytoalexin, is known to exhibit pleiotropic anti-cancer effects most of which are linked to metabolic reprogramming in cancer cells. This review summarizes various anti-cancer effects of resveratrol in the context of cancer hallmarks in relation to metabolic reprogramming.
The Potential Anti Helicobacter pylori and antioxidant effects of Artemisia Judaica
Authors: El-Sayed M. Adel , BaAbbad Radwan , Balash Amal , Al-Hemdan Nasser A. , Softah Abdullah
Published: August 2018

Artemisia judaica (AJ) is one of the common species of the genus Artemisia that grows in Saudi Arabia desert and Sinai, Egypt where animals graze on it. It is widely used in traditional medicine and by Bedouins there. (AJ) has anthelmintic, antibacterial, antiinflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic effects. The present study aimed to (1) elucidates the antibacterial action of AJ against H. pylori and different other bacterial species (2) delineate the potential antibacterial mechanism of action of AJ in comparison with tetracycline and cefotaxime (3) measure the trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) of the AJ water extract. Preparation of the (AJ) extracts was done by three different methods two of them are usually performed by population in Middle East by boiling of the shade-dried herb in water as tea (decoction), or soaked in tap water for over night (infusion), other method was done by concentrating the aqueous extract of Artemisia judaica under vacuum. The results of this study revealed that (AJ) has neither antibacterial effects either against H. pylorinor any other bacterial species. On the other hand the extract of AJ prepared by any of the above mentioned methods shows significant (p<0.005) antioxidant action as compared with blank and related to trolox antioxidant capacity.
Dehydrated melon containing antioxidants and calcium from grape juice
Authors: Schmidt Flávio Luis , Chambi Hulda Noemi Mamani , Arid Julia Delgado
Published: August 2018

Background: Grape juice has a high antioxidant potential, capable of fighting oxidative processes in the body. The juice is mainly marketed in its concentrated form, which has a high content of glucose and fructose. The juice concentrate may then be used as an osmotic agent to dehydrated fruit with a relatively short shelf-life at room temperature, such as melon. The osmotic dehydration process can also be combined with conventional drying in order to further reduce the water activity (aw) of the product. Finally, the antioxidant-rich melon meets the consumers’ demand for foods which contain ingredients that may impart health benefits. Results: Melon dehydrated by osmotic process at 200, 400 and 600 mbar, using grape juice concentrate (GJC), showed no significant differences in physical characteristics (aw, °Brix, and moisture content). Higher efficiency was observed when dehydration was performed at 200 mbar. After osmotic dehydration with GJC, both plasmolysis of the melon cells and an increase in intercellular spaces were observed by optical microscopy, with no negative impact on the mechanical properties (True stress, Hencky’s strain and deformability modulus). Calcium present in GJC was impregnated into the melon matrix, thus contributing with the mineral composition and mechanical properties of the final product. No significant differences were observed for the antioxidant capacity of melon dehydrated both with GJC and GJC followed by air-drying at 50 and 70°C. This demonstrates that it is possible to combine the two processes to obtain a product with intermediate moisture without decreasing its antioxidant capacity. The samples scored above the acceptable limit (>5) varying between like slightly to like moderately, resulting in a purchase intent with average scores between 3 (maybe/maybe not buy) and 4 (probably would buy).Conclusions: A product with intermediate water activity, acidic, firm, high antioxidant capacity, rich in calcium and in naturally occurring sugars, and potential sensory acceptance can be obtained using grape juice concentrate in the osmotic dehydration process, followed by air-drying process.Keywords: osmotic dehydration, air-drying, fruit juice, optical microscopy, antioxidants, calcium.
Improvement nutritional value and bioactivity of ricegrass as affected of priming induced by fish protein hydrolysate
Authors: Siripongvutikorn Sunisa , Rattanapon Rungtip , Usawakesmanee Worapong , Thongraung Chakree
Published: August 2018

Background:  Wheatgrass (Triticum aestivum L.) is worldwide consumed and has been used for health benefit or functional or nutraceutical food while ricegrass (Oryza sativa L.) is still not well documented, which is also in the grass family (Poaceae) as wheatgrass and it is also produced with aged around 8-10 d which similar to wheatgrass production. Moreover, priming is a process for enhancing seed vigour properties and improving bioactive compounds. Utilization of fish protein hydrolysate (FPH) for liquid fertilizer is more interesting in order to increasing of nutritional value and bioactive compounds as well as antioxidant activity of many plants.Objective: To investigate the nutritional value and bioactivity of ricegrass as affected of priming process with fish protein hydrolysate.Methods: The Chainat 1 rice seeds were soaked with FPH at 0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 ppm at a ratio of rice seed to FPH as 1:5 and grown for 7 d, thereafter, the ricegrass were determined seed vigour properties, nutritional value and bioactive compounds such as chlorophyll, carotenoids, total phenolic and phytic acid. The ricegrass was extracted with water at a ratio 1:2 (ricegrass : water), then homogenized and centrifuged at 10000xg for 20 min. The thereafter, the supernatant was brought to freeze dry. The freeze-dried powder was dissolved in distilled water and brought to measure total phenolic content by Folin-Ciocalteu method. Antioxidant activities were determined by 3 assays as ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl hydrazyl radical (DPPH) and 2,2'-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid radical (ABTS) methodsResults: The results showed that FPH at 10 ppm significantly improved (p<0.05) seed vigour properties including germination percentage, germination rate, height and fresh weight and nutritional values such as ash, protein, fat and carbohydrate. In addition, bioactive compounds including chlorophyll a and b, total chlorophyll and carotenoid content in ricegrass primed with 10 ppm FPH were higher than control. Phytic acid content in ricegrass primed with FPH at 5 and 10 ppm but not 15 and 20 ppm was lower than control. The ricegrass primed with FPH at 10 ppm yielded highest total phenolic content. Though, ABTS activity was not highest in rice primed with FPH at 10 ppm, DPPH and FRAP assays were highest.Conclusion: The ricegrass primed with FPH was significant improved seed vigour properties, nutritional value, bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity. The appropriate of FPH priming for ricegrass was 10 ppm because it could improve seed vigour, nutritional value and bioactive compounds including chlorophyll, carotenoid, total phenolic content and antioxidant activity determined as FRAP, DPPH and ABTS and reduce the anti-nutrient compounds as phytic acid.Keywords: Ricegrass, Fish protein hydrolysate, Nutritional value, Bioactive compound, Antioxidant
Growth characteristics and total quality of MenthacordifoliaOpiz., kitchen mint as affected of Zn fortification
Authors: Srirattanakul Timaporn , Siripongvutikorn Sunisa , Sae-Wong Chutha
Published: August 2018

Background: Plant growth generally requires both macronutrients and micronutrients. One of the most important micronutrients for plants is zinc. Zinc is an essential nutrient for every life form, including plants. In particular, zinc aids enzymatic processes and many biochemical reactions. When plants receive an inadequate amount of zinc, it leads to the loss of imperative biochemical reactions, which is also related to inhibition of plant growth. Therefore, the yield of the plant is relatively low. Interestingly, some scientific evidence have demonstrated a positive relation between zinc intake and the amount of essential oil and yield of plants. Mentha cordifolia Opiz., kitchen mint, is one of the top seven vegetables consumed in Thailand. The increase of some essential minerals in plants or biofortification during plantation has resulted in the increase of essential oils and chlorophyll. The bioactive compounds of essential oil provide antibacterial benefits. Additionally, chlorophyll can be utilized for against sinusitis, purifying the blood, and cleansing of toxins from intestines.Objective: Our study aimed to evaluate the effects of fortifying zinc into plantation soil on growth characteristics, essential oil droplets, and overall quality of Mentha cordifolia Opiz. Methods: Mentha cordifolia Opiz were planted in soil fortified with ZnSO4 at 0 (control), 100, and 200 ppm and grown for 3 months. During the growth period, physical characteristics were observed. After harvesting, proximate analyses were conducted as well as determination of minerals, and chlorophyll content, were conducted. Microbiological and sensory tests were also performed. Results: The increase of growth characteristics correlated with the increase of zinc concentration. The sizes of mint leaves were larger, the stalks were plumper, and the length of the roots were longer—although not significantly different—and the production of essential oil significantly increased. The approximate composition contents including protein, fat, ash, and fiber of plants grown in fortified ZnSO4 soil, increased when compared to the control. The leaves grown from the soil containing the 100 ppm ZnSO4 treatment possessed the highest chlorophyll content, related to lowest in a* value. Overall, the kitchen mint fortified with 100 ppm ZnSO4 seemed to be the most tolerable sample when analyzed for color and sensory attributes. Furthermore, it was discovered that 200 ppm ZnSO4 treatment demonstrated the highest production of essential oil and lowest number of microorganisms.Conclusion: In conclusion, soil fortified with ZnSO4 at 100 ppm during seeding increased greenness, chlorophyll content, and consumer acceptability of the mint leaves. Darker and larger oil droplets were found in the mint leaves obtained from plants grown in soil fortified with 200 ppm ZnSO4. Keywords: Fortification, Growth characteristics, Zinc deficiency, kitchen mint, oil drop
Pharmacokinetic of 3H-deacetylasperulosidic acid in mice
Authors: Westendorf Johannes , Basar-Maurer Simla , Hackl Thomas , Schwedhelm Edzard
Published: August 2018

Background: An investigation was conducted to determine the fate of the iridoid derivative deacetylasperulosidic acid (DAA) after oral application to mice.Methods: DAA was extracted from Morinda citrifolia leaf and purified by preparative HPLC. The identity was verified by MS and NMR spectroscopy. A sample of DAA was radioactively labelled with tritium and applied to mice by gavage. The pharmacokinetic of the radioactivity was investigated in blood, organs, urine and feces. Metabolites were isolated in blood and urine by HPLC and identified by LC-MS.  In vitro incubation of DAA with mouse duodenum and liver homogenate and human fecal bacteria was performed and possible metabolites were separated with HPLC.Results: DAA was rapidly absorbed and excreted mainly via the kidneys with a half-life of 30 minutes. Radioactivity was present in all organs with highest concentrations in kidney and liver.  Almost 100% of the radioactivity isolated from urine and organs could be identified as unchanged DAA. Additionally, no metabolism could be observed after in vitro incubation of DAA with mouse small intestine or liver homogenate, however, a total breakdown of the molecule was observed after incubation of DAA with human intestinal bacteria.Conclusions:The absorption and excretion of glycosides such as DAA in mammals without hydrolysis is possibly a defense mechanism of animals against the toxicity of these compounds. Key words: Deacetylasperulosidic acid, DAA, tritium label, pharmacokinetic,iridoid, metabolism
Sauerkraut: A Probiotic Superfood
Authors: Orgeron II Ryan Paul , Corbin Angela , Scott Brigett
Published: August 2018

Background: Sauerkraut could potentially be a probiotic superfood. Sauerkraut does not require the use of a starter culture to cultivate these beneficial bacteria. All that is needed is a measure of salt and the cabbage. Naturally made, unprocessed sauerkraut contains probiotic microorganisms called Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB). LAB is one of the most significant organisms and has established benefits. For example, Lactic Acid Bacteria has established benefits with the treatment of diarrhea, constipation, irritable bowel syndrome, infections (urogenital, urinary and candida). LAB have also been shown to enhance immune system function to help prevent various illnesses and promote lactose digestion. Nevertheless, there is very little conclusive evidence on how much LAB is in sauerkraut and if there is enough present to confer benefits. Purpose: Determine if various serving sizes of homemade sauerkraut (2 Tbsp., 1⁄2 cup, & 1 cup) meets the recommended CFU range in comparison to a control (supplement probiotic). Methods: Sauerkraut was prepared with no starter culture. Modified Lactobacillus Media was used to culture LAB. The capsule serving (0.8g) was diluted with 99.2g PBS (1/100) and 10g of sauerkraut was diluted with 90g PBS (1/10). For serial dilutions, 1mL of each of the samples was diluted into 9 mL MRS broth for the dilutions (10-1-10-10). Then 1mL from each test tube is transferred into corresponding petri dishes. Melted Lactobacillus MRS agar is then mixed into each of the petri dishes. All petri dishes are then placed into a candle light jar and placed in an incubator at 37 degrees Celsius (98.6oF) for 5 days. After five days, the petri dishes with 25-250 visible cultures were counted. The number counted was multiplied by the dilution which gave the total number CFUs/g. The LAB concentration of the sauerkraut was calculated by multiplying the CFU/g times the serving size. Results: The results were calculated as the mean of CFUs recorded from the 3 trials for both the control (supplement) and the sauerkraut. The control group was calculated as a mean of 4.3x107 CFUs with a Relative Standard Deviation (RSD) of 3.5% CFUs. The sauerkraut averages were calculated for each of the serving sizes. The 2 Tbsp. serving has a mean of 1.5x106 (RSD= 32%), the 1⁄2 cup has a mean of 5.9x106 (RSD= 31%), and the 1 cup serving has a mean of 1.2x107 (RSD= 30%). Conclusion: The study concludes that sauerkraut (even the two Tbsp. serving) meets the recommended CFU range. Based on these findings, sauerkraut can be considered a “probiotic superfood”. Keywords: Sauerkraut, probiotic superfood, supplement probiotic, Lactobacillus
Accumulation of solvent-soluble and solvent-insoluble antioxidant phenolics in edible bean sprouts: implication of germination
Authors: Gan Ren-You , Lui Wing-Yee , Wang Ming-Fu , Corke Harold , Sui Zhong-Quan
Published: August 2018

Background: Edible bean sprouts are popular fresh vegetables widely recognized for their nutritional quality. However, while their antioxidant capacity and phenolic composition in both solvent-soluble and solvent-insoluble extracts has not been systematically evaluated. Methods: The antioxidant capacity and phenolic composition in both solvent-soluble and solvent-insoluble fractions of 12 cultivars of edible bean sprouts were evaluated, and relationships of antioxidant capacity and total phenolic content were also analyzed. Results: Sprouts demonstrated a wide range of antioxidant capacity and total phenolic content, with lower but substantial antioxidant capacity and total phenolic content in the solvent-insoluble fractions. Highest levels were found in the green mung bean sprout. Phenolic compounds, such as catechin, ellagic acid, ferulic acid, gallic acid and p-coumaric acid were widely detected in these sprouts. Additionally, a positive correlation was discovered between antioxidant capacity and total phenolic content in these edible bean sprouts. Conclusions: Germination generally resulted in the accumulation of antioxidant phenolics in the most edible bean sprouts. Edible bean sprouts with high antioxidant phenolics can be valuable natural sources of dietary antioxidants for the prevention of oxidative stress-related chronic diseases. Keywords: Bean sprout, Germination, Antioxidant capacity, Radical scavenging capacity, Phenolic composition, Solvent-insoluble phenolics
The influence of probiotics on individual fecal secondary bile acid levels: a two-case study of schizophrenic patients receiving an atypical antipsychotic drug
Authors: Saito Yosuke , Nishimiya Hiroyuki , Kondo Yasue , Sagae Toyoaki
Published: August 2018

Background: Probiotics is used as a promising approach in the prevention and treatment of hypercholesterolemia. Modification of bile acid metabolism through the deconjugation of bile salts by microbial bile salt hydrolase (BSH) is considered to be the core mechanism of the hypocholesterolemic effects of probiotics. Nevertheless, BSH activity is reported to be detrimental to the human host due to the generation of toxic secondary bile acids. Thus, the influence of probiotic intake on bile acid metabolism needs to be elucidated. We analyzed the bile acid levels and microbiota in human fecal samples after probiotic supplementation to assess the influence of probiotic intake on fecal bile acid levels. Two patients hospitalized for schizophrenia and dyslipidemia, receiving an atypical antipsychotic drug, were enrolled in this study (Subjects A and B). Both subjects received Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) for 4 weeks, and no probiotics for the following 4 weeks. Fecal samples were collected at baseline and after 4 and 8 weeks.Results: Conjugated bile acids may be modified by indigenous intestinal bacteria into unconjugated bile acids and secondary bile acids through deconjugation reactions by BSH activity and the subsequent 7a-dehydroxylation pathway, respectively. In the fecal microbiota from Subject A, the relative abundance of Bifidobacterium increased after LGG supplementation (30%–49%). Most Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus strains that colonize mammalian intestines may report BSH activity, and in general bifidobacteria reveals a higher BSH activity than lactobacilli. The fecal unconjugated bile acid and secondary bile acid levels in Subject A increased after the LGG supplementation (0.36–1.79 and 1.82–16.19 mmol/g respectively). Although the LGG supplementation appears to promote bile acid deconjugation, most of the unconjugated bile acids in Subject A appear to have been modified into secondary bile acids. Alternatively, in Subject B there were no significant changes throughout the study.Conclusion: We observed a significant increase in the fecal secondary bile acid levels after probiotic administration in one of our cases. Further studies are needed to elucidate the factors affecting 7a-dehydroxylation of bile acids to confirm the safety of using probiotics.Keywords: bile salt hydrolase; BSH; dihydroxylation; Bifidobacterium
Evaluation of bioactivity of fucoidan from laminaria with in vitro human cell cultures (THP-1)
Authors: Stefaniak–Vidarsson Magdalena M. , Gudjónsdóttir María , Marteinsdottir Gudrun , Sigurjonsson Olafur E. , Kristbergsson Kristberg
Published: August 2018

Background: Seaweeds represent one of the few remaining food sources available globally which are not being fully utilized or even over utilized. Kelps (Laminaria spp.) are one of the numerous species of brown seaweeds, a popular marine vegetable, which has been used as a source of iodine and minerals for centuries. Kelps contain anionic polysaccharides called fucoidans heteroglycans with L – fucose units. Their monosaccharide composition, physicochemical and bioactive properties vary between seaweed species. The objective of this work was to evaluate the bioactive properties of laminaria fucoidan (L. digitata and L. hyperborea) toward THP–1 macrophages, a human macrophage like cell line, and investigate its potential antioxidant and immunomodulatory characteristics.Methods: THP-1 macrophages were incubated with five fucoidan concentrations. The Oxygen Radical Absorbance Capacity (ORAC) assay was determined for cell lysates and for the fucoidan extract, in addition to Total Polyphenol Content (TPC). Cytotoxicity of fucoidan was assessed by light microscopy, followed by XTT proliferation assay. Enzyme–linked immunosorbant assays (ELISA) were performed to determine concentrations of the secreted tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interleukin 6 (IL–6), and interleukin 10 (IL–10). Results: Fucoidan did not affect macrophage ability to scavenge oxygen radicals (ORAC) confirming its antioxidant properties toward activated macrophages. The laminaria fucoidan extract at 100 µg/ml concentration lowered macrophage viability. Lower concentrations of laminaria fucoidan did not have impact on cell viability. Very low concentration of fucoidan at 0.1 µg/ml triggered secretion of TNF-α. However, IL–6 and interleukin IL–10 were expressed when concentration of applied fucoidan was 10 µg/ml indicating bioactivity of laminaria fucoidan through immunomodulatory actions.Conclusions: The study demonstrated how laminaria fucoidan may have bioactive properties towards THP–1 macrophages. Changes in cytokine secretion between pro–inflammatory (TNF–α, and IL–6) and anti–inflammatory (IL–10) cytokines confirmed bioactivity of the laminaria fucoidan extracts.Keywords: Seaweeds, Kelps, Laminaria, fucoidan, bioactivity, macrophages
FFC’s Advancement of Functional Food Definition
Authors: Gur Johanna , Mawuntu Marselinny , Martirosyan Danik
Published: August 2018

Background: To create functional food products based on scientific evidence, we must first define functional foods. Previous definitions describe how functional foods improve health and mitigate disease. However, more refined definitions provide a reason for their efficacy–through the activity of bioactive compounds and the measurement of biomarkers, which are the essential tools for gauging the effectiveness of functional foods.Functional foods are generally linked to health promotion. The physiological effects of functional food or bioactive compounds may vary, but their categories of action include physical performance, cognitive, behavioral, and psychological function, organ or system function, and combating chronic disease [1, 2].Therefore, establishing a formal definition for these foods will help bring legitimate functional foods to the market. The addition of bioactive compounds, or biochemical molecules that improve health through the physiological mechanisms, improves the definition of functional foods. As a result, the advancement of the functional food definition by the Functional Food Center (FFC) has developed to provide clarity and a more comprehensive understanding of its meaning.
PROPOSTA PARA MELHORIA DO PROBLEMA DO IMBALANCE DE CONTÊINERES:
Authors: Teixeira Vinícius Garcia , Da Silva Rodrigo Oliveira
Published: August 2018

Um dos problemas mais relevantes na logística global de transporte de contêineres é o imbalance gerado por características dos mercados produtores e consumidores. O presente trabalho aborda o tema com o objetivo de apresentar uma estratégia proativa para a redução do imbalance de contêineres. Para isso, optou-se por uma pesquisa aplicada e bibliográfica. Como método de investigação adotou-se o estudo de caso, para proporcionar uma compreensão em profundidade do fenômeno estudado. A pesquisa foi dividida em três etapas distintas e interligadas. Primeiramente mapeou-se o imbalance nacional, posteriormente focou-se em um caso específico para ilustrar o problema e buscar a solução e, por fim, entrevistou-se os atores envolvidos no caso em estudo. Constatou-se, assim, a viabilidade de integração entre empresas importadoras e exportadoras na reutilização de contêineres, de forma proativa, além de reduzir o imbalance, agregando menores custos à logística de transporte e, consequentemente, tornando-a mais competitiva.
ÂNCORAS DE CARREIRA E CULTURA ORGANIZACIONAL:
Authors: Ferreira André , Murad Renato Pereira , Souza Camila Caroline de Carvalho
Published: August 2018

Este artigo tem como objetivo analisar a percepção de carreira dos empregados de duas empresas, uma metalúrgica e outra automobilística, localizadas na região Sul Fluminense, buscando compreender o alinhamento entre a cultura organizacional e o perfil de carreira dos empregados pesquisados. O referencial teórico aborda os temas planejamento de carreira, âncoras de carreira e cultura organizacional. A pesquisa foi um levantamento de campo em duas empresas industriais de grande porte das áreas metalúrgica e automotiva.  A coleta de dados foi realizada por meio de questionário, desenvolvido por Edgar Schein (1993), para identificação das Âncoras de Carreira. O número total de questionários respondidos foram de 138, sendo 74 da empresa do ramo metalúrgico e 64 do ramo automobilístico. Como resultado identificou-se que na empresa metalúrgica sobressaem as âncoras associadas a segurança no emprego e competências técnicas. Na empresa automobilística, os funcionários apresentaram um perfil de carreira criativo e empreendedor. No âmbito desta amostra é possível concluir que há um alinhamento nas empresas pesquisadas entre a cultura organizacional e o perfil de carreira de seus respectivos empregados.
A POSSIBILIDADE DO PEDIDO DE DIVÓRCIO INAUDITA ALTERA PARTE:
Authors: FELIPE LAÍS MALINCONICO , FRANCO LOREN DUTRA
Published: August 2018

Este estudo objetiva analisar a possibilidade da concessão do divórcio em caráter liminar inaudita altera parte, tanto em relação a uma análise doutrinária e dogmática quanto à análise dos casos citados, especialmente os primeiros ocorridos no Brasil e na cidade de Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais. Assim, pretende-se mostrar, a princípio, que apesar da nova possibilidade judicial resultante das diversas necessidades da sociedade e da vida conjugal que está por terminar, há de ser observar os limites pelos quais se fundam o pedido e os princípios processuais da ampla defesa e do contraditório, oriundos do devido processo legal, que não deve ser violado.  Deste modo, conclui-se que caberá aos juízes e intérpretes do direito, perante a análise do caso concreto, entender as circunstâncias que ensejam o pedido e o cabimento do mesmo, visando facilitar o procedimento do divórcio pela vontade das partes em adiantar a felicidade que tanto se busca com o pedido judicial.
Validation of the Spanish Version of the Dementia Knowledge Assessment Tool 2
Authors: Parra-Anguita Laura , Moreno-Cámara Sara , López-Franco María Dolores , Pancorbo-Hidalgo Pedro L.
Published: August 2018

Background:

There are currently no questionnaires to measure the knowledge of nurses about dementia or Alzheimer’s disease care in the Spanish language.

Objective:

To validate the Spanish version of the Dementia Knowledge Assessment Tool 2 (DKAT2-Sp).

Methods:

The DKAT2 was translated into Spanish and then back-translated. The new Spanish version was validated in a sample of 361 members of the nursing staff from 24 nursing homes and a sample of 297 nursing students in Spain. Psychometric properties were assessed through an item analysis, a Rasch analysis, differential item functioning analysis, construct validity (known groups), and internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha).

Results:

The 21 items of the DKAT2-Sp fit the model well, showing a wide range of difficulty. Four items have differential items functioning between nursing professionals and students. The DKAT2-Sp shows acceptable internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.76 for nursing professionals and 0.83 for students). Scores obtained in the known groups test were as hypothesized (Nursing home staff mean = 15.57 versus Nursing student mean = 12.85; p < 0.0001 for mean difference), supporting construct validity.

Conclusion:

The DKAT2-Sp is a reliable and valid questionnaire to measure knowledge about dementia in both nursing professionals and nursing students in Spanish-speaking contexts.
Imaging Biomarkers of Neurodegeneration in Alzheimer’s Disease: Distinct Contributions of Cortical MRI Atrophy and FDG-PET Hypometabolism
Authors: Benvenutto Agnès , Giusiano Bernard , Koric Lejla , Gueriot Claude , Didic Mira , Felician Olivier , Guye Maxime , Guedj Eric , Ceccaldi Mathieu
Published: August 2018

Background:

Neurodegeneration biomarkers are routinely used in the diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD).

Objective:

To evaluate the respective contributions of two neuroimaging biomarkers, structural MRI and 18FDG-PET, in the assessment of neurodegeneration in AD dementia.

Methods:

Patients with mild AD dementia diagnosed based on clinical and cerebrospinal fluid criteria and cognitively healthy subjects, from the Marseille cohort ADAge with cognitive, structural MRI and 18FDG-PET assessments, were included. Extent of atrophy on MRI and of hypometabolism on 18FDG-PET were individually evaluated in each patient using a voxel-based analysis on whole-brain approach and compared to healthy subjects. Patients were divided in distinct groups according to their atrophy extent on the one hand and to their hypometabolism extent on the other, then, to their imaging profile combining the extent of the two biomarkers.

Results:

Fifty-two patients were included. The MMSE score was significantly lower in the “Extensive hypometabolism” group than in the “Limited hypometabolism” group (respectively 19.5/30 versus 23/30). A lower Innotest Amyloid Tau Index was associated with an extensive hypometabolism ( p = 0.04). There were more patients with low educational level in the “Extensive atrophy” group, while a higher educational level was more found in the “Limited atrophy” group ( p = 0.005).

Conclusion:

18FDG-PET hypometabolism extent is associated with the pathological processes and clinical severity of AD, while MRI atrophy seems to be influenced by the cognitive reserve. In the context of mild AD dementia, these two biomarkers of neurodegeneration are thus not interchangeable and require to be considered in combination rather than in isolation.
Exploring the potential of the plus/minus in NCAA women’s volleyball via the recovery of court presence information
Authors: Hass Zachary , Craig Bruce A.
Published: August 2018

This work describes a collaboration with a single collegiate volleyball team to leverage existing data to examine the potential of the plus/minus metric for player evaluation. Historically, volleyball players have been evaluated through a series of single skill metrics (e.g., number of aces per set and hitting percentage). The advantages of the plus/minus lie in the limited amount of information needed for its calculation (e.g., court presence and scoring) combined with its ability to fuse together both measured and unmeasured contributions. Unfortunately, the primary collection tool (Statcrew) for National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Women’s Volleyball, does not record the movement of the Libero, resulting in incomplete court presence information for a large percentage of plays. This paper introduces methodology to recover court presence information from standard play-by-play data. The recovery is in the form of a posterior distribution of player presence, which can then be used to not only calculate the plus/minus metric but also quantify the uncertainty of the metric due to the incomplete information. Although the presented methods and results were derived from a collaboration with a single team, the data source and methodology can be extended to multiple teams.
Pharmacist Intervention and Quality of Life of HIV-Infected Patients in Nigeria
Authors: Bello Shakirat I
Published: August 2018

Assessment of quality of life of HIV-infected patients on combined antiretroviral therapy (cART) is imperative in the management of the disease. This study was done to assess the quality of life (QOL) of HIV-infected patients on cART before and after the pharmacist intervention. Consented HIV diagnosed outpatients in a tertiary health care facility in Benin City that met inclusion criteria were consecutively enrolled into the study. The QOL of these patients was determined in the four domains of WHOQOLHIV BREF instrument. The raw scores for each domain in the WHOQOL-HIV BREF were calculated by adding values of single items. The scores were computed on the scale of 0 to 100. One way ANOVA and Student t-test were used to compare means. At baseline, mean QOL values were below 73. The lowest values were in the social domain and the best values in the physical domain. The QOL values increased steadily over the period of interventions with the highest mean QOL of 93.7 in the physical domain. The improvement in QOL was significant at 6 and 9 months following interventions (p < 0.001). The values obtained are expressed in percentage. There was no statistically significant difference between male and female patients on cART in all domains of QOL following the intervention. Patients on Tenofovir + Emtricitabine + Efavirenz combination therapy had significantly higher scores in all the domains of QOL as compared with other drug combinations used in the management of the patients. The only educational level of the patients was significantly associated with the patients’ QOL. The intervention in this prospective study was a success, as it led to increasing in QOL for the patients on cART from the baseline level to the end of the 9th month.Bangladesh Pharmaceutical Journal 20(2): 132-138, 2017
Hospital Pharmacy Management System and Future Development Approaches in Bangladeshi Hospital
Authors: Saha Tushar , Bhuiya Robiul Hasan , Masum Zia Uddin , Islam Muhammad Rashedul , Chowdhury Jakir Ahmed
Published: August 2018

The aim of this present work is to find out a suitable and updated hospital pharmacy management system for Bangladesh. Hospital pharmacy is considered as the heart of any hospital because all the departments like surgery, cardiology, nephrology, medicine, pediatric etc. are linked up with pharmacy section. Although the pharmaceutical sector of Bangladesh is enriched so much and the product is up to the mark but the improper management system in hospital pharmacies make the patient’s burden high. So, development is required in hospital pharmacy to ensure the proper choice, preparation, store, compounding and dispense of medicine as well as medical devices along with counseling for patient’s safety and compliance.Bangladesh Pharmaceutical Journal 20(2): 180-187, 2017
Studies of Interactions of Valsartan, Glimepiride and Ciprofloxacin HCl by DSC and HPLC
Authors: Rahman Mohammad Farhadur , Salam Md Abdus , Rahman Asma , Sultan Md Zakir
Published: August 2018

This article deals with the results of in vitro interactions among glimepiride, ciprofloxacin HCl and valsartan at the molar ratio of 1:1:1 by DSC and HPLC method. The DSC thermogram of the mixture (glimepiride, ciprofloxacin HCl and valsartan) showed different melting endotherm than the melting endotherm for standard valsartan, ciprofloxacin HCl and glimepiride. Since the melting endotherms of mixture and individual drugs were not identical, it demonstrated the presence of interactions among the drugs. This result was further verified by HPLC to observe their recovery range. The % recovery ranges were found as 25.33, 23.49 and 135.82% for glimepiride, ciprofloxacin HCl and valsartan, respectively. The abnormal percentage recovery range and peak areas fluctuation further indicated the interactions among glimepiride, ciprofloxacin HCl and valsartan.Bangladesh Pharmaceutical Journal 20(2): 194-199, 2017
Evaluation of Analgesic and Central Nervous System Depressant Effects of Holarrhena antidysenterica Stem on Swiss Albino Mice Model
Authors: Haque Md Anamul , Haque Md Anwarul , Islam Md Anwar Ul
Published: August 2018

Plants are astonishing reservoir of bioactive natural compounds; many of these are able to exhibit outstanding biological activities in animals. Holarrhena antidysenterica is widely used as a traditional medicine. Aim of the present study was to investigate the possible analgesic and central nervous system (CNS) depressant effects of methanol (MHAS), petroleum ether (PHAS), chloroform (CHAS), dichloromethane (DHAS) and aqueous (AHAS) extracts of the H. antidysenterica stem. The analgesic effect was evaluated by acetic acid induced writhing and hot plate methods at 50 and 100 mg/kg dose. The CNS-depressant effect was assessed by using open field, hole cross and head deep tests at 100 and 200 mg/kg dose. All the extracts had exhibited significant (Pb < 0.01, Pa < 0.001) analgesic and CNS depressant effects at dose dependant manner. CHAL showed maximum analgesic and CNS-depressant effect. It had shown 71.34% inhibition of abdominal writhing and 70.39% elongation of paw licking time at 100mg/kg dose. In CNS-depressant study, it exhibited 88.51% inhibition in open field (locomotion), 83.20% inhibition in hole cross (locomotion) and 85.15% inhibition (head deeping) in head deep test at 200mg/kg dose. Among the five extracts CHAL is a potent analgesic and CNSdepressant agent.Bangladesh Pharmaceutical Journal 20(2): 205-212, 2017
An Effective Data Transmission Algorithm Based on Social Relationships in Opportunistic Mobile Social Networks
Authors: Yan Yeqing , Chen Zhigang , Wu Jia , Wang Leilei
Published: August 2018

With the popularization of mobile communication equipment, human activities have an increasing impact on the structure of networks, and so the social characteristics of opportunistic networks become increasingly obvious. Opportunistic networks are increasingly used in social situations. However, existing routing algorithms are not suitable for opportunistic social networks, because traditional opportunistic network routing does not consider participation in human activities, which usually causes a high ratio of transmission delay and routing overhead. Therefore, this research proposes an effective data transmission algorithm based on social relationships (ESR), which considers the community characteristics of opportunistic mobile social networks. This work uses the idea of the faction to divide the nodes in the network into communities, reduces the number of inefficient nodes in the community, and performs another contraction of the structure. Simulation results show that the ESR algorithm, through community transmission, is not only faster and safer, but also has lower transmission delay and routing overhead compared with the spray and wait algorithm, SCR algorithm and the EMIST algorithm.
Associations between Oxytocin Receptor Gene Polymorphisms, Empathy towards Animals and Implicit Associations towards Animals
Authors: Connor Melanie , Lawrence Alistair B. , Brown Sarah M.
Published: August 2018

Oxytocin has been well researched in association with psychological variables and is widely accepted as a key modulator of human social behaviour. Previous work indicates involvement of oxytocin receptor gene (OXTR) single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in human-human empathy, however little is known about associations of OXTR SNPs with empathy and affective reactions of humans towards animals. Five OXTR SNPs previously found to associate with human social behaviour were genotyped in 161 students. Empathy towards animals and implicit associations were evaluated. A General Linear Model was used to investigate the OXTR alleles and allelic combinations along with socio-demographic variables and their influence on empathy towards animals. Empathy towards animals showed a significant association with OXTR SNP rs2254298; homozygous G individuals reported higher levels of empathy towards animals than heterozygous (GA). Our preliminary findings show, for the first time, that between allelic variation in OXTR and animal directed empathy in humans maybe associated, suggesting that OXTRs social behaviour role crosses species boundaries, warranting independent replication.
Correction: Yōko, T., et al. Actinomycetes, an Inexhaustible Source of Naturally Occurring Antibiotics. Antibiotics 2018, 7, 45
Authors: Takahashi Yōko , Nakashima Takuji
Published: August 2018

The authors wish to make the following corrections to this paper [1]: [...]
Evening Primrose (Oenothera biennis) Biological Activity Dependent on Chemical Composition
Authors: Timoszuk Magdalena , Bielawska Katarzyna , Skrzydlewska Elżbieta
Published: August 2018

Evening primrose (Oenothera L.) is a plant belonging to the family Onagraceae, in which the most numerous species is Oenothera biennis. Some plants belonging to the genus Oenothera L. are characterized by biological activity. Therefore, studies were conducted to determine the dependence of biological activity on the chemical composition of various parts of the evening primrose, mainly leaves, stems, and seeds. Common components of all parts of the Oenothera biennis plants are fatty acids, phenolic acids, and flavonoids. In contrast, primrose seeds also contain proteins, carbohydrates, minerals, and vitamins. Therefore, it is believed that the most interesting sources of biologically active compounds are the seeds and, above all, evening primrose seed oil. This oil contains mainly aliphatic alcohols, fatty acids, sterols, and polyphenols. Evening primrose oil (EPO) is extremely high in linoleic acid (LA) (70–74%) and γ-linolenic acid (GLA) (8–10%), which may contribute to the proper functioning of human tissues because they are precursors of anti-inflammatory eicosanoids. EPO supplementation results in an increase in plasma levels of γ-linolenic acid and its metabolite dihomo-γ-linolenic acid (DGLA). This compound is oxidized by lipoxygenase (15-LOX) to 15-hydroxyeicosatrienoic acid (15-HETrE) or, under the influence of cyclooxygenase (COX), DGLA is metabolized to series 1 prostaglandins. These compounds have anti-inflammatory and anti-proliferative properties. Furthermore, 15-HETrE blocks the conversion of arachidonic acid (AA) to leukotriene A4 (LTA4) by direct inhibition of 5-LOX. In addition, γ-linolenic acid suppresses inflammation mediators such as interleukin 1β (IL-1β), interleukin 6 (IL-6), and cytokine - tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α). The beneficial effects of EPO have been demonstrated in the case of atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, Sjögren’s syndrome, asthma, and anti-cancer therapy.
Predictors of Problematic Smartphone Use: An Examination of the Integrative Pathways Model and the Role of Age, Gender, Impulsiveness, Excessive Reassurance Seeking, Extraversion, and Depression
Authors: Mitchell Lewis , Hussain Zaheer
Published: August 2018

Background: The progression of mobile phone technology has led to the development of multi-functional smartphones providing access to features such as social media, e-mail, and videos alongside the basic functions of a mobile phone. Increasing amounts of research has explored the potential addictive nature of smartphones to develop a theoretical framework that describes personality factors related to problematic use. The present study examined the Integrative Pathways Model and the effect of age, gender, impulsiveness, excessive reassurance seeking, extraversion, and depression on problematic smartphone use. Method: A total of 147 smartphone users (mean age = 30.96, SD = 12.97, 69.4% female) completed an online survey comprising of measures of problematic smartphone use, excessive reassurance seeking, extraversion, depression, and impulsiveness. Results: Age, impulsiveness, excessive reassurance seeking, and depression were all significantly related to problematic smartphone use, however extraversion was not significantly related. Furthermore, age and impulsiveness were significant independent predictors of problematic smartphone use. No gender differences were found. Conclusions: The findings presented several factors that predict problematic smartphone use, implications and suggestions for future research are discussed.
The Role of Personal Control in Alleviating Negative Perceptions in the Open-Plan Workplace
Authors: Gou Zhonghua , Zhang Jian , Shutter Leigh
Published: August 2018

Today’s office buildings adopt open-plan settings for collaboration and space efficiency. However, the open plan setting has been intensively criticized for its adverse user experiences, such as noise, privacy loss, and over cooling. The provision of personal control in open-plan work environments is an important means to alleviating the adverse perceptions. This research is to investigate the relationship between the availability of personal controls and the degree of control over the physical environment, as well as their effectiveness in alleviating adverse perceptions in open-plan workplaces. The study combined three systematic occupant survey tools and collected responses from open-plan offices in Shenzhen, China. Specifically, this survey covered 12 personal controls in open-plan workplaces; respondents were asked to report their degree of control over the physical environment and also were required to report if they had adverse perceptions such as sick building syndrome in their offices. The results showed that most of the 12 personal controls supported perceived degree of control over the physical environment but only half of them were negatively associated with adverse perceptions. Non-mechanical controls, such as windows and blinds, were found to be more effective than mechanical controls such as fans and air-conditioning in alleviating adverse perceptions. Conflicts were found between task/desk lights and other personal controls. The research generates important evidence for the interior design of open-plan offices.
Challenges in the Healthcare Systems and Formative Needs of Family Doctors
Authors: Poltronieri Palmiro
Published: August 2018

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