bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Status of Resistant and Knockdown of West Nile Vector, Culex pipiens Com-plex to Different Pesticides in Iran
Authors: Rahimi Sara , Vatandoost Hassan , Abai Mohammad Reza , Raeisi Ahmad , Hanafi-Bojd Ahmad Ali
Published: October 2019

Background: West Nile virus (WNV) can cause a fatal disease in humans and it is mainly transmitted to people through the bites of infected mosquitoes. Vector control using insecticides is a very important goal. Study of Culex pipiens re­sistance towards several insecticides in the city of Tehran, Iran was evaluated.
Methods: Adult females reared from field-caught larvae from southern part of Tehran and lab strain reared in the insec­tary of Tehran University of Medical Science were determined for resistant status by exposing to 4% DDT, 0.1% bendi­ocarb, 0.1% propoxur, 1% fenitrothion, 0.05% deltamethrin, 0.75% permethrin, 0.05% lambda-cyhalothrin, 0.5% etofenprox, 5% malathion and 0.15% cyfluthrin papers using the standard WHO susceptibility tests.  
Results: Results clearly showed resistance development of Cx. pipiens against tested insecticides. Mortalities of Cx. pipiens were less than 90% with high resistance, low knock down rate and knock down time (50%) observed against insec­ti­cides. DDT and Malathion showed the most and least lethal time (LT50) values for the field strain. The results of the knock­down test showed that DDT and deltamethrin had the most and least knockdown times (50%) for the field strain, re­spec­tively, while DDT and lambda-cyhalothrin had the most and least knockdown times (50%) for the lab strain, respectively.
Conclusion: Resistance to mentioned insecticides in Cx. pipiens is widely distributed in southern part of Tehran. Regu­lar implementation of susceptibility test in Cx. pipiens mosquitoes will help local public health authorities to develop new and better control strategies.
Prone Regions of Zoonotic Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Southwest of Iran: Combination of Hierarchical Decision Model (AHP) and GIS
Authors: Jahanifard Elham , Hanafi-Bojd Ahmad Ali , Nasiri Hossein , Matinfar Hamid Reza , Charrahy Zabihollah , Abai Mohammad Reza , Yaghoobi-Ershadi Mohammad Reza , Akhavan Amir Ahmad
Published: October 2019

Background: Cutaneous leishmaniasis due to Leishmania major is an important public health problem in the world. Khuzestan Province is one of the main foci of zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis (ZCL) in the southwest of Iran. We aimed to predict the spatial distribution of the vector and reservoir(s) of ZCL using decision-making tool and to pre­pare risk map of the disease using integrative GIS, RS and AHP methods in endemic foci in Shush (plain area) and Khorramshahr (coastal area) counties of Khuzestan Province, southern Iran from Mar 2012 to Jan 2013.
Methods: Thirteen criteria including temperature, relative humidity, rainfall, soil texture, soil organic matter, soil pH, soil moisture, altitude, land cover, land use, underground water depth, distance from river, slope and distance from human dwelling with the highest chance of the presence of the main vector and reservoir of the disease were chosen for this study. Weights of the criteria classes were determined using the Expert choice 11 software. The pres­ence proba­bility maps of the vector and reservoir of the disease were prepared with the combination of AHP method and Arc GIS 9.3.
Results: Based on the maps derived from the AHP model, in Khorramshahr study area, the highest probability of ZCL is predicted in Gharb Karoon rural district. The presence probability of ZCL was high in Hossein Abad and Benmoala rural districts in the northeast of Shush.
Conclusion: Prediction maps of ZCL distribution pattern provide valuable information which can guide policy mak­ers and health authorities to be precise in making appropriate decisions before occurrence of a possible disease out­break.
RISK MANAGEMENT AND INTERNAL CONTROL SYSTEM OF NIGERIA’S BANKING SECTOR
Authors: O. Temile Sunny , Enakirerhi Lucky Izobo , Enaibre Felix Ighosewe , Prasetyo Jatmiko Dadang
Published: October 2019

Purpose: This study empirically observed the relationship between risk management and the internal control system of the banks in Nigeria. Methodology: In order to achieve the main objective of this paper, we made use of data from the annual reports of fifteen commercial banks, covering a period of ten years (2007 – 2016). The study is empirical in nature and adopted a cross-sectional research design. Furthermore, the Panel Data Regression estimation technique was employed to estimate the specified model of the study. Result: The results revealed the existence of a negative and significant relationship between credit risk and internal control. Liquidity risk which was measured using liquidity ratio has a positive and statistically significant relationship with internal control of banks in Nigeria. Based on the findings, the importance of strong and vibrant internal control policies across banks in Nigeria cannot be over-emphasized. This is because the more the internal control put in place, the greater the liquidity for banks to carry out their banking operations. On the other hand, the greater the internal control, the lesser the credit risk. Applications: This research can be used for the universities, teachers, and students. Novelty/Originality: Due to the recurring financial distress and eventual liquidation of some banks in Nigeria, this study is very necessary as it stresses the relevance and needs for effective internal control strategies in line with global best practices.
INTEGRATION OF EDUCATION: THE CASE STUDY OF ISLAMIC ELEMENTARY SCHOOLS IN SURAKARTA, INDONESIA
Authors: Fattah Santoso M. Abdul , Thoyibi M. , Aly Abdullah
Published: October 2019

Purpose: The research was conducted to explore the integration of education in the Muslim society in Indonesia, specifically what had been done in Islamic Integrated Elementary Schools in Surakarta, Indonesia. Hence, it studied the founders of the schools and their motives, their understanding of the idea of integration of education, the icons of the schools in order to realize the idea, the implementation of the idea, and the social support.

Methodology: The research which was a case study using a qualitative approach found that the founders were either the older players or the newer ones, ranged from entrepreneur to activist. They established the schools and they were motivated by religious, educational, social-cultural, economic, and/or political factors. According to the informants, the integration of education had connotations in curriculum, learning, and management.

Result: The icons they formulated were the internalization of Islam, spiritualization of education, Islamization of knowledge, sharia curriculum, and salaf (ancestor) curriculum. Such icons, then, affected the implementation of the idea of the integration of education. Furthermore, the society gave positive response and support on the performance of the schools.

Applications: This research can be used for universities, teachers, and students.

Novelty/Originality: In this research, the model of integration of education: the case study of Islamic elementary schools in Surakarta, Indonesia is presented in a comprehensive and complete manner.
O TESTEMUNHO EM O SOBREVIVENTE: MEMÓRIA DE UM INFANTE QUE ESCAPOU DE AUSCHWITZ
Authors: Pinto Rosane Castro , Sarmento-Pantoja Carlos Augusto Nascimento
Published: October 2019

Apresentamos neste texto uma análise da obra O Sobrevivente: memórias de um brasileiro que escapou de Auschwitz, publicado em 2000, numa parceria entre Aleksander Laks e Tova Sender. Trata do testemunho de Laks enquanto menino judeu-polonês, que experimentou na adolescência os traumas do cotidiano do campo de concentração de Auschwitz. A sobrevivência e sua relação de gratidão com o Brasil e sua identificação como brasileiro. Sua narrativa testemunha uma das maiores barbaridades sofridas por seu povo, durante a Shoah, na Segunda Guerra Mundial. Procuramos verificar de que forma a exceção e a vida nua se apresentam e dialogam na narrativa reverberando sua sobrevivência. O nazismo sem dúvida nos lembra a tortura e o sofrimento de um povo que foi penalizado, pois Auschwitz, não era apenas um campo de concentração, era também um campo de trabalho forçado, de humilhação, de sofrimento e de extermínio. Nessa perspectiva utilizaremos como chave de leitura as ideias de Giorgio Agamben baseado no estado de Exceção e na vida nua, conceitos estes considerados importantes para a compreensão e reflexão de um período em que os direitos fundamentais foram suspensos e a sua memória será sempre um desafio, principalmente quando se trata dos infantes.
Avaliação do rendimento de hidrodestilação para a produção de óleo essencial das cascas de Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck
Authors: De Lima Fúlvia Bezerra , Placedes Janaina , Cardoso Cássia Regina
Published: October 2019

Resíduos da laranja são originados, em sua maior parte, da produção de suco de laranja. Esses materiais vegetais podem ocasionar problemas ambientais e econômicos, devido ao processo de fermentação, ocasionado pela alta quantidade de água que possuem. Dentre as possíveis alternativas de aproveitamento dos resíduos da laranja está a obtenção de óleos essenciais. O presente trabalho objetivou analisar o rendimento do óleo essencial da casca de laranja através da hidrodestilação, variando a quantidade de água (solvente) e o tempo de extração. Os ensaios foram conduzidos baseados em um planejamento fatorial de dois níveis. Utilizou-se casca de laranja do tipo Pera, uma das mais produzidas no Brasil. Através do planejamento fatorial realizado no software Statistica, verificou-se que apenas a variável tempo foi determinante para o cálculo do rendimento. Assim, obteve-se uma equação preditiva para a estimativa de rendimento no período estudado. Experimentalmente, verificou-se que o rendimento mais alto foi obtido com a maior quantidade de solvente (400 mL) e maior tempo de extração (40 min); sendo este de aproximadamente 2,36% de óleo essencial.  A densidade do óleo essencial foi determinada; ρ=0,8356 g/mL; valor próximo aos encontrados na literatura.
Fintech Application in Banking Operations - Application of Machine Learning in Mitigating Bank Derivatives Counterparty Risks
Authors: Li Tianshu
Published: October 2019

We all know that human has many psychological biases, including overconfidence, gender discrimination and so on. Although some genuine lenders may outperformance others, machine learnings have been utilized to solve this human psychological bias in many areas. By using machine learnings methods, people can make better financial decisions. This proposal tries to examine the effectiveness of several different machine learning models on predicting the ex-pose default risk, including BP neural network, decision tree, KNN, and random forest. I focus on loans on one electronic P2P lending platform, called “Paipaidai” in which lenders select and supply private loans to borrowers with different characteristics. I use machine learnings methods to predict the default risk and thus provides better ways for investors to select high-quality borrower. I will also further test how different machine learnings methods perform when there is soft information contained by using Prosper platform.
Assepsia de segmentos nodais de mini-rosa (Rosa sp.) para o estabelecimento in vitro
Authors: Miléo da Silva Ana Caroline , Pletsch Dalla Costa Tanara , Correa Costa Milla Karolina , De Freitas Sia Eliandra , Rangel Rodrigues Rogério
Published: October 2019

O Brasil se destaca como um dos maiores produtores de plantas ornamentais do mundo. E as mini-rosas (Rosa sp.) estão entre as flores de vaso mais comercializadas. No entanto, apesar de sua grande importância econômica, os métodos de propagação tradicional possuem características indesejadas, pois favorecem a disseminação de doenças e pragas, dependência sazonal e baixa taxa de multiplicação. Portanto, o objetivo neste trabalho foi avaliar o uso de diferentes concentrações e tempos de imersão em solução de hipoclorito de sódio (NaClO) na assepsia de segmentos nodais de mini-rosa. Os segmentos nodais foram coletados de plantas jovens de mini-roseiras de cor vermelha, oriundas do campo. Foram avaliados nove tratamentos, combinando-se as concentrações de 0,75, 1,00 e 1,25% de NaClO e os tempos de 10, 20 e 30 minutos de exposição dos explantes ao agente desinfestante. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado, com nove tratamentos contendo 20 repetições. Ao longo de 30 dias de cultivo in vitro, avaliou-se o percentual de contaminação, sobrevivência e necrose dos explantes. De acordo com os dados obtidos, verificou-se alta taxa de contaminação em todos os tratamentos. Porém, os explantes submetidos à concentração de 1,25% de NaClO por 30 minutos, apresentaram a maior taxa de assepsia (45%). Ainda neste mesmo tratamento, não foram verificadas contaminações por bactérias nem ocorrência de necrose nos explantes. Portanto, os segmentos nodais de mini-rosa submetidos ao hipoclorito de sódio na concentração de 1,25% por 30 minutos de imersão obtiveram o maior percentual de assepsia.
Calcium, Actomyosin Kinetics, Myosin Binding Protein-C and Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Smith Gerry A.
Published: October 2019

In an attempt to correct misunderstandings this article brings together the observations on Calcium, Myosin Binding Protein-C and Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy in the basic function of cardiac muscle. A finding of many years ago is reiterated in a novel enzyme kinetic format with defined rate limiting step which makes CaATP the apparent substrate of the actomyosin cross-bridge. The relationship of these kinetics to recent observations on disruption of myosin binding protein-C is described along with how this bears on the understanding of the related cardiomyopathies.
Thin Films of Tolane Aggregates for Faraday Rotation: Materials and Measurement
Authors: eerdekens maarten , lopez-duarte ismael , hennrich gunther , verbiest thierry
Published: October 2019

We present organic, diamagnetic materials based on structurally simple (hetero-) tolane derivatives. They form crystalline thin-film aggregates that are suitable for Faraday rotation (FR) spectroscopy. The resulting new materials are characterized appropriately by common spectroscopic (NMR, UV-Vis), microscopy (POM), and XRD techniques. The spectroscopic studies give extremely high FR activities thus makes these materials promising candidates for future practical applications. Other than a proper explanation, we insist in the complexity of designing efficient FR materials starting off from single molecules.
Energy-Optimized Pharmacophore Coupled Virtual Screening in the Discovery of Quorum Sensing Inhibitors of LasR Protein of Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: Nain Zulkar , Bin Sayed Sifat , Karim Mohammad Minnatul , Islam Md. Ariful , Adhikari Utpal Kumar
Published: October 2019

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an emerging opportunistic pathogen responsible for cystic fibrosis and nosocomial infections. In addition, empirical treatments are become inefficient due to their multiple-antibiotic resistance and extensive colonizing ability. Quorum sensing (QS) plays a vital role in the regulation of virulence factors in P. aeruginosa. Attenuation of virulence by QS inhibition could be an alternative and effective approach to control infections. Therefore, we sought to discover new QS inhibitors (QSIs) against LasR receptor in P. aeruginosa using chemoinformatics. Initially, a structure-based high-throughput virtual screening was performed using the LasR active site that identified 61404 relevant molecules. E-pharmacophore (ADAHH) screening of these molecules rendered 72 QSI candidates. In standard-precision docking, only 7 compounds were found as potential QSIs due to their higher binding affinity to LasR receptor (-7.53 to -10.32 kcal/mol compared to -7.43 kcal/mol of native ligands). The ADMET properties of these compounds were suitable to be QSIs. Later, extra-precision docking and binding energy calculation suggested ZINC19765885 and ZINC72387263 as the most promising QSIs. The dynamic simulation of the docked complexes showed good binding stability and molecular interactions. The current study suggested that these two compounds could be used in P. aeruginosa QS inhibition to combat bacterial infections.
A Complex Networks Approach to Analysing the Erdős-Straus Conjecture and Related Problems
Authors: Mondreti Vikhyath
Published: October 2019

For any positive integer n ≥ 2, the Erdős-Straus Conjecture claims that the Diophantine equation 4/n = 1/x + 1/y + 1/z has a solution where x, y, z are also positive integers. In this paper, a directed network based on this equation is generated, with properties such as its average clustering coefficient, average path length, degree distributions, and largest strongly connected component analysed to reveal some underlying trends about the nature of the conjecture. Potential connections between different numbers, that result from satisfying a source-solution relationship for this equation, are described using the appropriate number-theoretic interpretations wherever possible, while conjectures backed by these trends are made in other instances. Additionally, a directed configuration model is used to show that the origin of several results is the degree sequence of the network. Metrics relating to the prime number nodes, specifically their in and out degrees, are also explored to yield some intriguing observations. On the whole, the aim is to highlight the viability of complex networks as a computational tool to study this general class of problems pertaining to fixed-length unit fraction splits.
Multiple Algorithm Aperiodic Cryptosystem
Authors: Braddy Rick
Published: October 2019

MAACS is a software architecture which layers multiple standard cipher algorithms together to increase the overall strength of the encrypted data stream, without modifying the standard algorithms, which have been heavily vetted from a cryptanalysis perspective and are already widely deployed. This layering technique makes the combination of algorithms significantly more resistant to traditional cryptanalysis attacks, while also addressing increased concerns over future quantum computing attacks against these algorithms. For example, concerns over published attacks against 256-bit AES and potential future attacks emanating from Grover’s algorithm and other unknowns in the quantum computing era are explored. Several approaches for evolving AES are considered. MAACS uses a concept termed "aperiodic modulation", whereby of a set of cryptographic algorithms are modified by an- other, independent software algorithm in an unpredictable, pseudo-random manner. In the MAACS reference architecture, a 256-bit ChaCha20 cryptographically secure pseudorandom number generator (CSPRNG) drives an aperiodic modulator that orchestrates encryption/decryption processes multiplexed across eight parallel 128-bit AES instances, yielding a cryptosystem with a composite strength of 1,376 bits or more in larger configurations.
Fast Detection of Two Smenamide Family-Members Using Molecular Networking
Authors: Caso Alessia , Esposito Germana , Della Sala Gerardo , Pawlik Joseph R. , Teta Roberta , Mangoni Alfonso , Costantino Valeria
Published: October 2019

Caribbean sponges of the genus Smenospongia are a prolific source of chlorinated secondary metabolites. The use of molecular networking as a powerful dereplication tool revealed the presence in the metabolome of S. aurea of two new members of the smenamide family, namely smenamide F (1) and G (2). The structure of smenamide F (1) and G (2) was determined by spectroscopic analysis (NMR, MS, ECD). The relative and the absolute configuration at C-13, C-15, and C-16 was determined on the basis of the conformational rigidity of a 1,3-disubstituted alkyl chain system (i.e. the C-12/C-18 segment of compound 1). Smenamide F (1) and G (2) were shown to exert a selective moderate antiproliferative activity against cancer cell lines MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231, while being inactive against MG-63.
Egypt’s Defense Industry: Dependency, Civilian Production, and Attempts at Autonomy
Authors: ABUL-MAGD Zeinab
Published: October 2019

Egypt’s defense industry is the oldest and largest in the Arab world. However, most of its military factories have converted into manufacturing consumer goods to the civilian market for profit. Meanwhile, they continue to produce traditional weapon systems that mostly do not respond to urgent needs to combat terrorism in asymmetric warfare. In addition, Egypt is largely dependent on U.S. firms for procurement and co-production. After a political crisis in 2013, the Ministry of Military Production (MoMP) has attempted to revive defense production through new co-production initiatives with international arms firms. The country also attempts to reduce its dependence on the U.S. by seeking procurement from other states such as France, Russia, and Germany. Such efforts remain noticeably limited, because the Egyptian military still focuses on its civilian business enterprises.
GAP ANALYSIS AND THE POTENTIAL OF LOCAL WISDOM JAMBI AS SCIENCE LEARNING RESOURCES
Authors: Jufrida Jufrida , Basuki Fibrika Rahmat , Xena Anta , Pasminingsih Pretty
Published: October 2019

This study aims to analyze the gaps and potential of Jambi local wisdom as a basis for the development of science textbooks. This research was a qualitative descriptive study. The research subjects were students of class VIIIE and VIIIF at SMPN 1 Muaro Jambi, which totaled 43 people and science teachers. This study uses the instruments to observations sheet and questionnaires for students and teachers. Data were analyzed descriptively. The results show that; (1) the science textbooks available at SMPN 1 Muaro Jambi not yet have integrated into Jambi local wisdom and there are no questions about scientific literacy; (2) the results of observations indicate that the supporting facilities in science learning such as laboratories are still lacking, but other facilities such as classrooms and library are quite good; (3) material that can be integrated with Jambi local wisdom including substance pressure, vibrations, waves, sound and optical.
Student Metacognition in Economic Mathematical Problem Solving
Authors: Styaningrum Farida
Published: October 2019

The purpose of this research is the development of metacognition strategies in Accounting Education students as an effort to optimize the results of economic mathematics learning. The method used is qualitative data analysis consisting of data reduction, data display, and conclusions. The results of this research are: (1) metacognitive approach makes it easier for students to solve economic math problems, (2) obstacles in the process of metacognition are difficulties in concentration, lack of confidence, fear of trying and lack of reference books owned, (3) strategies that can be done to develop metacognition in optimizing the results of economic mathematics learning are often practice working on the problem, confidence, increase motivation, and have a reference book.
The Carrying Capacity of Crop as Cow and Goat Feed in Muna Barat Regency
Authors: Abadi Musram , Nasiu Firman , Surahmanto Surahmanto , Rizal Abdul , Fatmawati Fatmawati
Published: October 2019

This study aimed to assess the potency of forages in Muna Barat Regency as cattle and goat feed. The study was performed by performing forage observation based on the forage production multiplied by the harvested area, and presented on dry matter unit (DM). Sampling was carried out by using a designed square tool. Forages that was evaluated on this study was legume groups. Data analysis was performed by using carrying capacity method. The study reveals that there are 8 types of forages found in Muna Barat Regency. The dry matter of those forages can meet the feed requirement for cattle and goat in Muna Barat Regency. The result of KPRR analysis shows that Muna Barat Regency has carrying capacity for 2,669 cattle and 3,293 goat.
DIAGRAMA DE ISHIKAWA EM UMA ACADEMIA
Authors: Piñol Susana Nunes Taule , Oliveira Caroline Regina Ramos de , Wilke Helena de Souza , Przybys Michele , Campos Ryan , Silva Yasmin Santos da
Published: October 2019

Empresas prestadoras de serviços necessitam constantemente verificar se os serviços prestados estão atendendo as expectativas de seus clientes. Neste sentido este artigo apresenta a aplicação do Diagrama de Ishikawa em uma academia.Para realizar esta ação de diagnosticar e identificar aspectos a melhorar dentro das organizações os gestores precisam conhecer as ferramentas de gestão da qualidade e compreender o comportamento de seus consumidores. Para oferecer um serviço de qualidade ao consumidor é necessário portanto conhecê-lo bem. Fazendo um estudo aprofundado sobre o público-alvo, a forma como o cliente procura, analisa, escolhe erealiza a compra, tem relação com o mundo onde ele vive.As metas e objetivos pessoais dos clientes que frequentam academias normalmente são pela busca do corpo desejado. Esse desejo pessoal do cliente é uma grande ajuda à academia que trabalha a sua publicidade em volta desse assunto com aenfatização do corpo definido. Assim agregando mais clientes. “Traduzem as características particulares das pessoas, ou seja, momentos e vivência pelos quais um indivíduo passou ou está passando. Isso acaba interferindo nos seus hábitos e nas suasdecisões de consumo.” (SEBRAE, 2015)O objetivo geral deste artigo é apresentar a aplicação do Diagrama de Ishikawa em uma academia. Como objetivos específicos elegeu-se: conhecer a ferramenta e a empresa estudada, aplicar a ferramenta e propor melhorias.
AVALIAÇÃO DOS IMPACTOS AMBIENTAIS NOS ATRATIVOS ECOTURÍSTICOS DA ILHA DE SÃO FRANCISCO DO SUL, SC.
Authors: Trevisan Giselle Vanessa , Wust Beatriz Lagranha , Machado Nicole Caroline
Published: October 2019

O ecoturismo é uma atividade turística que promove a interação sustentável do turista com o patrimônio natural e cultural. Determinar os efeitos desta atividade sobre o meio ambiente é fundamental para sua conservação. O presente estudo objetivou avaliar os impactos ambientais negativos em doze atrativos ecoturísticos da ilha de São Francisco do Sul, por meio de indicadores biofísicos. Constatamos que a degradação da vegetação, a ausência da fauna no entorno e a presença de lixo foram os impactos mais presentes nas áreas estudadas. Averiguamos também que os pontos ecoturísticos mais impactados são os mais urbanizados.
DESVELANDO ORGANIZAÇÕES DA ECONOMIA CRIATIVA NO MUNICÍPIO DE SÃO FRANCISCO DO SUL
Authors: Sebastião Djessy , Júnior Jair Pereira , Parada Adalto Aires
Published: October 2019

Nos anos de 1990 surge uma nova proposta para o desenvolvimento econômico dos países, baseada em atividades que têm sua origem na criatividade, na habilidade e no talento, vislumbradas como potencialmente capazes de gerar riqueza e emprego, denominada de economia criativa ou indústria criativa (BENDASSOLLI et al., 2009).Essa possibilidade se revela interessante para o município de São Francisco do Sul, que apresenta problemas com a distribuição de renda, apesar de ocupar a 13ª posição no PIB do Estado e o 6º PIB per capta. De acordo com o Mapa de Desigualdade dos Municípios Brasileiros 2003, produzido pelo IBGE em 2008, o município possui um índice de pobreza de 34,75%, superior ao do Estado que é de 27,19%.As organizações culturais podem representar uma oportunidade para auxiliar na superação de tais índices, no entanto, alguns desafios se impõe ao se pensar nessas organizações e suas possibilidades econômicas. Dentre esses desafios está inicialmente a própria caracterização dessas organizações, considerando-se que existe uma profusão de tipos possíveis (LARAIA, 2001; THROSBY, 2003; KNOPP et al., 2010).Nesse contexto, essa pesquisa objetivou identificar, mapear e, no seu desdobramento, caracterizar a gestão e trabalho das organizações culturais do município de São Francisco do Sul.
Risk Assessment and Simulation of Injectivity Decline Under Uncertainty
Authors: Chiotoroiu Maria-Magdalena , Clemens Torsten , Zechner Markus , Hwang Jongsoo , Sharma Mukul M. , Thiele Marco
Published: October 2019

Waterflooding can lead to substantial incremental oil production. Implementation of water-injection projects requires the project to fit into the risk (defined here as negative outcomes relative to defined project objectives) and uncertainty (defined here as the inability to estimate a value precisely) a company is willing to take.

One of the key risks for water injection into a shallow reservoir is injection-induced fractures extending into the caprock. If this risk is seen as “intolerable” in an as-low-as-reasonably-practicable (ALARP) analysis, a decision might be made not to proceed with the project. In this study, we evaluated caprock integrity by conducting simulations of long-term water injection that include the effects of formation damage caused by internal/external plugging, geomechanical stress changes, and fracture propagation in the sandstone and bounding shale.

The risk of fracture growth into the caprock was assessed by conducting Latin hypercube sampling considering a set of modeling parameters each associated with an uncertainty range. This allowed us to identify the range of operating parameters in which the risk of fracture-height growth was acceptable. Our simulations also allowed us to identify important factors that affect caprock integrity. To cover the uncertainty in geomechanical reservoir evaluation, the operating envelope is identified such that the risk to the caprock integrity is reduced. This requires introducing a limit for the bottomhole pressure (BHP), including a safety margin.

The limit of the BHP is then used as a constraint in the uncertainty analysis of water injectivity. The uncertainty analysis should cover the various development options, the parameterization of the model, sampling from the distribution of parameters- and distance-based generalized sensitivity analysis (dGSA) as well as probabilistic representation of the results. The results indicate that the time to reach the BHP limit varies substantially, dependent on the chosen development scenario. Injection of water (1000 m3/d), with total suspended-solids content ranging from 0.1 to 0.5 ppm by volume (ppmv) and particle size from 1 to 5 µm, into long horizontal wells (2000 m) results in injection times of more than 10,000 days even for the P10 percentile. However, injection of poor-quality water (injection rate 600 m3/d, well length 600 m), with total suspended-solids content ranging from 0.5 to 5 ppmv and particle size from 10 to 30 µm, leads to the BHP limit of 10 (P10) to 740 (P90) days.

The dGSA can be used to determine which parameter has a stronger impact on the BHP and, hence, on the project, and should be measured if warranted by a value-of-information analysis. In the case reported here, dGSA showed that the filter-cake permeability has a big impact on the results and, hence, will be determined by laboratory measurements.

The final development option to be chosen depends on a traditional net-present-value analysis.
Knowledge of reproductive age women on prevention of mother to child transmission of human immunodeficiency virus and associated factors at Mecha district, Northwest Ethiopia: A community based cross sectional study
Authors: liyeh Tewachew Muche , Cherkose Endeshaw Admasu , Limenih Miteku Andualem , Yimer Tigist Seid , Tebeje Hailemariam Demewozu
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Objective : To asses knowledge of reproductive age women on prevention of mother to child transmission of HIV and associated factors at Mecha district, North West Ethiopia, 2016.

Result : About 22.4% of the respondents were knowledgeable on prevention of mother to child transmission (PMTCT) of HIV. Having knowledge on PMTCT of HIV was significantly associated with urban residence (AOR =2.486, 95%CI= 1.160-5.328), education level of secondary and above (AOR =5.445, 95%CI=2.698-10.986), those having history of antenatal care followup (AOR =4.430, 95%CI=1.471-13.340), those with history of institutional delivery (AOR=4.766, 95%CI = 2.004-11.334), those having comprehensive knowledge on HIV/AIDS (AOR=1.697, 95%CI = 1.011-2.846), women who were knowledgeable about mother to child transmission of HIV (AOR =2.203, 95% CI =1.37-3.54), and women who held discussions with their husband regarding HIV/AIDS, (AOR= 2.700, 95%CI =1.658-4.396).

Key words : knowledge, PMTCT, HIV, Women, Ethiopia
Reduced strength, poor balance and concern about falls mediate the relationship between knee pain and fall risk in older people
Authors: Hicks Cameron J , Levinger Pazit , Menant Jasmine C , Lord Stephen R , Sachdev Perminder S , Brodaty Henry , Sturnieks Daina L
Published: October 2019

Aims

Pain is an independent risk factor for falling. One in two older community-dwelling people with musculoskeletal pain fall each year. This study examined physical, psychological and medical factors as potential mediators to explain the relationship between knee pain and falls.Methods

Three hundred and thirty-three community-dwelling people aged 70+ years (52% women) participated in this cohort study with a 1-year follow-up for falls. Participants completed questionnaires (medical history, general health and concern about falls) and underwent physical performance tests. Participants were classified into ‘pain’ and ‘no pain’ groups based on self-reported knee pain. Poisson Regression models were computed to determine the Relative Risk (RR) of having multiple falls and potential mediators for increased fall risk.Results

One hundred and eighteen (35.5%) participants were categorised as having knee pain. This group took more medications and had more medical conditions (P <0.01) compared to the no pain group. The pain group had poorer balance, physical function and strength and reported increased concern about falls. Sixty one participants (19.5%) reported ≥ 2 falls, with the pain group twice as likely to experience multiple falls over the 12 month follow up (RR = 2.0, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.27 – 3.13). Concern about falls, knee extension torque and postural sway with eyes closed were identified as significant and independent mediators of fall risk, and when combined explained 23% of the relationship between knee pain and falls.Conclusion

This study has identified several medical, medication, psychological, sensorimotor, balance and mobility factors to be associated with knee pain, and found the presence of knee pain doubles the risk of multiple falls in older community living people. Alleviating knee pain, as well as addressing associated risk factors may assist in preventing falls in older people with knee pain.
Predisposing factors influencing occupational injury among frontline building construction workers in Ghana
Authors: AMISSAH JOHN , Badu Eric , Agyei-Baffour Peter , Nakua Emmanuel Kwaku , Mensah Isaac
Published: October 2019

Objective
This study aims to examine the predisposing factors influencing occupational injuries among frontline construction workers in Ghana. A cross-sectional survey was carried out with 634 frontline construction workers in Kumasi metropolis of Ghana using a structured questionnaire. The study was conducted from December 2016 to June 2017 using a household-based approach. The respondents were selected through a two-stage sampling approach. A multivariate logistics regression model was employed to examine the association between risk factors and injury. Data was analyzed employing descriptive and inferential statistics with STATA version 14.

Results
The study found an injury prevalence of 57.91% among the workers. Open Wounds (37.29%) and fractures (6.78%) were the common and least injuries recorded respectively. The proximal factors (age, sex of worker, income) and distal factors (eg. work structure, trade specialization, working hours, job/task location, and monthly off days) were risk factors for occupational injuries among frontline construction workers. The study recommends that policymakers and occupational health experts should incorporate the proximal and distal factors in the design of injury prevention as well as management strategies.
Determining the prevalence of palliative needs and exploring screening accuracy of depression and anxiety items of a patient reported outcome measure – a multi-centre study
Authors: Antunes Bárbara Pereira , Rodrigues Pedro Pereira , Higginson Irene J. , Ferreira Pedro Lopes
Published: October 2019

Background: patients with palliative needs often experience high symptom burden which causes suffering to themselves and their families. Depression and psychological distress should not be considered a “normal event” in advanced disease patients and should be screened, diagnosed, acted on and followed-up. Evidence shows that psychological distress has been associated with greater physical symptom severity, suffering, and mortality in cancer patients. A holistic, but short measure should be used for physical and non-physical needs assessment. The Integrated Palliative care Outcome Scale is one such measure. This work aims to determine palliative needs of patients and explore screening accuracy of two items pertaining to psychological needs. Methods: multi-centred observational study using convenience sampling. Data were collected in 9 Portuguese centres. Inclusion criteria: ≥18 years, mentally fit to give consent, diagnosed with an incurable, potentially life-threatening illness. Exclusion criteria: patient in distress, cognitively impaired. Descriptive statistics used for demographics. Receiving Operator Characteristics curves and Area Under the Curve for anxiety and depression discriminant properties against the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Results: 1703 individuals were screened between July 1st, 2015 and February 2016. A total of 135 (7.9%) were included. Main reason for exclusion was being healthy (75.2%). The primary care centre screened most individuals, as they have the highest rates of daily patients and the majority are healthy. Mean age is 66.8 years (SD 12.7), 58 (43%) are female. Most patients had a cancer diagnosis 109 (80.7%). Items scoring highest (=4) were: family or friends anxious or worried (36.3%); feeling anxious or worried about illness (13.3%); feeling depressed (9.6%). Using a cut-off score of 2/3, Area Under the Curve for depression and anxiety items were above 70%. Conclusions: main palliative needs were psychological, family related and spiritual. This suggests that clinical teams may better manage physical issues and there is room for improvement regarding non-physical needs. Using the Integrated Palliative care Outcome Scale systematically could aid clinical teams screening patients for distressing needs and track their progress in assisting patients and families with those issues. Trial Registration: Not applicable. This was not an intervention study.
Analysis of Soybean DREB Transcription Factors Family and DREB Time Expression Profile under Drought Stress
Authors: Zhou Yaxing , Zhou Wei , Liu Hui , Liu Peng , Li Zhigang
Published: October 2019

Background: DREB transcription factors regulate the expression of stress-responsive genes, and thus play an important role in plant stress response to abiotic stresses. To obtain a global expression profile of soybean DREB genes under drought stress, we first explored the soybean genome to identify DREB family genes, and then analyzed a set of transcriptome data of drought stress to verify their involvement in stress response. Results: We identified 73 DREB family genes from the soybean genome. These DREB genes were further divided into six subgroups basing on the phylogenetic analysis. Gene structure analysis showed that most DREB genes have a single exon. Soybean DREB genes were unevenly distributed on 19 chromosomes. We further identified 186 putative target genes of soybean DREB proteins and found that these targeted genes were significantly enriched in metabolism pathways of fructose and mannose. The analysis of transcriptome data after 4 hours, 8 hours, and 12 hours of drought, the expression of DREB genes were constantly increased, indicating that the DREB family genes responded to drought stress. Conclusion: We identified 73 DREB genes from soybean genome and analyzed their features including gene structures, protein motifs, and putative target genes.
Reflection on research methods: The before and after study.
Authors: Cheik-Hussein Mohammad , Harris Ian , Lewin Adriane
Published: October 2019

Background Before and after studies allow for the investigation of population-level health interventions and are a valuable study design in situations where randomisation is not feasible. The before and after study design involves measuring an outcome both before and after an intervention and comparing the outcome rates in both time periods to determine the effectiveness of the intervention. These studies do not involve a contemporaneous control group and must therefore take into account any underlying secular trends in order to separate the effect of the intervention from any pre-existing trend. Neglecting this important step can lead to spurious results.Methods To illustrate the importance of accounting for underlying trends, we performed a before and after study assessing 30-day mortality in hip fracture patients without any actual intervention, and instead designated an arbitrarily-chosen time-point as our ‘intervention’. We did this to ensure that we were basing our results exclusively on the underlying trend throughout the studied period and also to enable us to show that even an intervention of nothing may be spuriously interpreted to have an effect if the before and after study is incorrectly analysed. Results We found a secular trend in our data showing improving 30-day mortality in hip fracture patients in our institution. We then demonstrated that disregarding this underlying trend showed that our intervention of nothing ‘resulted’ in a significant decrease in mortality, from 6.7% in the ‘before’ period to 3.1% in the ‘after’ period (p<0.0008). This apparent impact on mortality disappeared when we accounted for the underlying trend in our analysis (IRR of 0.75, 95% CI 0.32 – 1.78; p=0.5). In the context of declining 30-day mortality following hip fracture, failure to consider the existing underlying trend lead us to believe that it was our ‘intervention’ that ‘caused’ the decrease in mortality in the ’after’ period compared to the ‘before’ period when our results clearly show that mortality was decreasing irrespective of any intervention.Conclusion Our study highlights the importance of appropriate measurement and consideration of underlying trends when analysing data from before and after studies and illustrates what can happen should researchers neglect this important step.
Perceived barriers of Reporting Incidents Online Among Internal Medicine Physicians
Authors: Mohamed Mouhand F.H. , Yusuf Ibrahim , Al-Mohanadi Dabia , Al-Mohammed Ahmed , Abou-Samra Abdul-Badi , Elzouki Abdel-Naser
Published: October 2019

Background: Incident reporting systems (IRS) facilitate incidents' reporting and tracking, and help in identifying gaps in health care (HC). Learnings from incident reports (IR) are extremely valuable. This study aimed to assess physician's knowledge and experience with an online IRS in a large tertiary academic institution and to identify barriers of reporting incidents. Methods: A 21-questions electronic online survey was sent to physicians working in the Internal Medicine Department of Hamad Medical Corporation. Results: A total of 115 physicians (76% trainees and 24% attending faculty) responded to the survey, 59% of them were aware of the availability of IRS at HMC. However, only 29% knew how to submit an online IR, and 20% have ever submitted an IR. The survey revealed that of 46% and 63% of participants are less likely to submit an IR when they or their colleague, respectively, commit an error. The main barriers of reporting incidents were, unawareness about the IRS (36%), inability to access it (26%), the perception that IR does not result in a change (13%), Also, the concern or fear of retaliation (13%). When asked about solutions, 57% recommended training and awareness, and 22% recommended sharing learnings and actions from previous IR. Conclusion: IRS is under-utilized by Internal Medicine physicians. The main barrier at the time of the survey is the lack of training and awareness. Promoting awareness and sharing previous learning and actions may improve the utilization of the IRS.
An exclusion mechanism is epistatic to an internal detoxification mechanism in aluminum resistance in Arabidopsis
Authors: Wang Yuqi , Yu Wancong , Cao Yu , Cai Yanfei , Lyi Sangbom M. , Wu Weiwei , Kang Yan , Liang Cuiyue , LIU JIPING
Published: October 2019

Background: In Arabidopsis, the aluminum (Al) exclusion mechanism is mainly facilitated by ALMT1-mediated malate exudation and MATE-mediated citrate releases from the root. Recently, we have demonstrated that coordinated functioning between the ALMT1-mediated exclusion mechanism, via exudation of malate from the root tip, and a NIP1;2-facilitated internal detoxification mechanism, via removal of Al from the root cell wall and subsequent root-to-shoot Al translocation, plays critical roles in achieving overall Al resistance. However, the genetic relationship between ALMT1 and NIP1;2 in these processes remained unclear. Results: Through genetic and physiological analyses, we demonstrate that unlike ALMT1 and MATE, which function independently and additively, ALMT1 and NIP1;2 show an epistatic relationship in Al resistance in Arabidopsis. These results indicate that ALMT1 and NIP1;2 function in the same biochemical pathway, whereas ALMT1 and MATE in different biochemical pathways.Conclusion: The establishment of the epistatic relationship and the coordinated functioning between the ALMT1 and NIP1;2-mediated exclusion and internal detoxification mechanisms are pivotal for achieving overall Al resistance in the non-accumulating Arabidopsis plant. We discuss and emphasize the indispensable roles of the root cell wall for the implementation of the Al exclusion mechanism and for the establishment of the epistatic relationship between the ALMT1-mediated exclusion mechanism and the NIP1;2-facilitated internal detoxification mechanism.
Medium-term Survival Following of Stroke in Yaoundé (Cameroon): a prospective observational cohort study
Authors: Wafeu Guy Sadeu , Fozeu Leo , Ongolo-zogo Pierre , Menanga Alain Patrick , Njamnshi Alfred Kongnyu
Published: October 2019

With 5.7 million deaths per year, stroke is the second cause of mortality worldwide, and 70% of these deaths occur in developing countries especially in relation to inappropriate clinical pathways and resources. The aim of our study was to assess the survival rate of stroke patients within 90 days and to identify its determinants. It was a prospective observational cohort study over a period of 90 days after stroke. Patients were recruited between February and May 2015 in two tertiary hospitals in Yaoundé. The mortality rate was obtained by the Kaplan-Meier method. Multivariate analysis was performed using a Cox proportional hazards model. Sixty-six patients were enrolled of which 54 were followed up to 90 days. The overall mortality rate was 23.2% (95% CI: 12.5 – 87.5), more than two-thirds of the deaths occurred within the first 30 days. The mortality rates at days 14, 30, 60 day were 9.1% (95% CI: 3.0 – 16.7), 14.3% (95% CI: 6.3 – 23.8) and 21.1% (95% CI: 10.5 – 31.6) respectively. High systolic blood pressure and a low Glasgow coma score on admission were independent risk factors of mortality at 90 days. The stroke related mortality compels appropriate collective mobilization for an early and adequate management of stroke patients.