bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Air exchange calculation in traditional buildings of orthodox churches in Russia
Authors: Kochev Alexey , Sokolov Mikhail , Lushin Kirill
Published: May 2021

The paper devoted to indoor air quality providing in orthodox churches in Russia. Using the results of theoretical and experimental research made some practical recommendations for design and installation of ventilation systems in orthodox churches. Significant part of research deals with air and constructions humidity controls by reverse osmosis. It is reaffirmed that the rate of dehumidification is directly connected with the air exchange rates and operation of space heating devises in premises. It is very common to use natural ventilation in old churches. It is very easy to install and maintain, but still this way of indoor air conditions providing is absolutely not sustainable. And to avoid the leak of ventilation efficiency for different rooms it is recommended to provide mechanical supply and exhaust ventilation. Another significant issue for providing rapid wall dehumidification is properly operating space heating. It is noted that heating should be combined with an action of ventilation and electroosmotic drying.
Building wall corner structures, its microclimate and seismic resistance
Authors: Abdykalykov Akymbek , Boronbaev Erkin , Begaluev Ulukbek , Holmatov Kamoliddin , Zhyrgalbaeva Nurbubu
Published: May 2021

Widespread low-rise residential buildings with a seismically resistant concrete frame and brick infill walls have lower microclimate levels in cold seasons due to low temperatures on the inner wall corner surfaces.These temperatures are lower if there is a corner column. For Bishkek, this temperature is 4.6 °C lower than that for permissible microclimate, even when the external wall has the required 70 mm of mineral wool slab insulation. It is caused by the negative effect of the wall corner thermal bridge. This effect is determined by ArchiCAD 20 software packages by visualizing the temperature distribution in the cross-section of the corner, which needs an additional thermal insulation layer of 40 mm. Using the LiraSAPR 2013 software package, the authors reduced the square cross-section dimensions of the column by 40 mm to allow for that additional thermal insulation layer. The optimal width of this layer is determined for different options for the meeting angle of two external walls from 70° to 180°. For a typical 90° angle, an acceptable width is 860 mm. With this insulation, it is possible to achieve the required temperature at the corner. The authors eliminated the negative thermal effect of the corner by rounding it with cement-sand plaster. Using the isotherms, it was determined that the rounding radius of 300 mm allowed for equal temperatures on the corner and inner surface of the external walls. The achieved results show that the microclimate formed as in a room without external wall corners.
Planning of labor resources in construction organizations
Authors: Hejducki Zdzislaw , Tzarenko Anna , Kamolov Kamol , Yurgaytis Alexey
Published: May 2021

Based on the reporting and technical documentation and for the objects under consideration, the authors were able to form resource schedules that reflect the planned and actual values of the labor force for certain time periods. After analyzing the available statistics in terms of the activities of the leading production stream, a number of graphs were compiled showing the movement of these teams at the facilities. Based on these data, the authors determined the average deviation of the actual number of workers in the leading stream from the planned one. Also, the availability of operational information from these objects made it possible to determine the consequences of deviations and a set of measures taken. As a result, the authors analyzed the dynamics of construction of typical facilities of different general contracting organizations, taking into account the scale factor (capacity of the construction organization) , indicating the difference in the values of the planned (predicted) and actual labor resources at the facilities. Possible solutions of this problem with the mathematical modeling of stable labor force distribution system at sites followed by a possible optimization of the objective function on limitations have been determined. Safe corridors of fluctuations in the values of the labor force, as well as the fundamental foundations of the optimization method, have been also determined.
Specific cost modelling for secondary treatment of wastewater
Authors: Makisha Nikolay
Published: May 2021

The article is devoted to the study of model cost indicators of wastewater treatment facilities as one of the factors for ensuring sustainable development. It is noted that the greatest contribution in terms of cost formation is provided by the stage of biological wastewater treatment. As part of the study, a techno-economic simulation was conducted to compare two technological treatment schemes: conventional activated sludge scheme in aeration reactor and secondary settling tank, and treatment by means of membrane bioreactors. In the course of technological modeling, the concentrations of pollutants after treatment were obtained and compared for each of the schemes, as well as the values of possible harm to water bodies were calculated. Within the framework of cost modeling, capital and operating costs were obtained for the two variants, and key differences in their formation were analyzed. It is noted that the classical cleaning scheme requires the construction of a larger volume of structures, while for schemes with a membrane bioreactor, a significant cost item is the purchase of the actual membrane modules, but as the system performance increases, the share of these costs decreases.
The assessment features of the third type permitted use land plots
Authors: Zhichkin Kirill , Zhichkina Lyudmila , Evdokimova Natalia , Malysheva Larisa , Vaganova Olga
Published: May 2021

The article deals with the problem of assessing agricultural land used for the placement of objects (buildings, structures, structures) used for the production, storage and primary processing of agricultural products. The problem is that the owner who has provided (sold) a land plot for an object can rightly claim a part of the future profit that arises from the synergistic effect of adding two assets - land and improvements. The work purpose is to formulate a methodology for assessing agricultural land located under buildings, taking into account the synergistic effect and their properties. In the course of the study, two approaches were considered for determining the entrepreneur's profit for the evaluated objects: first, on the basis of the economic results of the agricultural enterprises activities; secondly, on the basis of the invested funds alternative investment possibility. It was revealed that the owner of the land that will be built up, as a co-investor of the project, has the right to add to the value of the land in the amount of the rate of return on invested capital - 26.28%. The market (in this case, the cadastral) value of the surrounding land can be obtained from the results of the assessment of lands of the first type of use (arable land, pastures, hayfields).
Green investment in construction sector in Russia: trends and analysis
Authors: Stoikov Vasiliy , Gassiy Violetta , Panaseykina Veronika , Belyaeva Elena
Published: May 2021

The paper is devoted to the green construction development in Russia. The main objects of the research are investments in the green construction market, social and economic impacts on its development. The authors consider the Russian experience of green investment, analyzing the trends and reasons for the insufficient level of construction based on green technologies in the country. The article examines in detail the legal basis of green investment, analyzes the data of Russian and foreign practice of green investment and the functioning of the green construction market. In conclusion, the authors make discuss the prospects for the development of green construction in Russia, as well as offer recommendations for further improving the mechanisms and approaches used.
Improving the Competitiveness of Enterprises Operating in the Construction Services Market
Authors: Pesotskaya Elena , Selyutina Larisa , Kuznetsov Boris
Published: May 2021

The purpose of the study is to analyze the tools that exist today to improve the competitiveness of companies in the Russian construction and repair services market, which promote their progressive development from the perspective of partnership management. The competitors’ ambition to establish, maintain, develop and utilize their own advantages and to simplify the competitive environment is realized through the establishment of interaction between the competing subjects, which can be legally identified as a competitive partnership. The authors consider the possibility of establishing a competitive partnership in the context of horizontal merger and network associations as part of the investment-and-construction complex. This research describes the proposals for expanding the practical scope of partnership at the construction services market as a factor of improving the competitiveness level of enterprises on the basis of using strategic approaches to managing production and economic activities and improving the marketing business process support.
Factors influencing the rating of low-rise wooden houses as “green” buildings
Authors: Buryachenko Svetlana , Voronin Zahar , Karachentseva Iana , Kuzmenkov Alexander , Popova Oksana
Published: May 2021

The article presents a program of scientific and practical research on the assessment of “green” technologies in wooden low-rise housing construction in the field of energy efficiency and resource conservation. The objects of research are two identical experimental buildings built in 2020 in Murmansk and Petrozavodsk using different technologies of wooden housing construction and various thermal insulation materials. Attention is focused on assessing the factors affecting the energy efficiency class and the internal microclimate of a wooden building, taking into account the changing environmental conditions and operating modes of buildings in cold climates. The stages of the study were determined, the tasks for each type of experiment and the expected results were formulated. Methods fixed in the regulatory documents of the Russian Federation are considered as the main ones. A method for monitoring the parameters of the internal microclimate, environment and temperature and humidity in the layers of the enclosing structures of model objects is proposed and implemented. The implementation of the research program will allow assessing the influence of the factors under study on the energy efficiency class of a wooden building and developing recommendations for the design, construction and operation of low-rise wooden buildings in a cold climate, taking into account the criteria of “green” construction.
Conceptual model assessing complex the public-private partnership projects effectiveness
Authors: Panteleeva Margarita , Surnov Denis , Senchukov Dmitry
Published: May 2021

The article presents the author’s model assessing complex the public-private partnership (hereinafter PPP) projects effectiveness based on the multifaceted development of this tool for the development of regional economic systems. The relevance of the research topic is since accelerating the pace of fundraising, expanding the range of possible options for public-private partnership agreements, increasing the number of innovative projects increase the problem of developing comprehensive criteria for the PPP effectiveness assessing. Most modern studies are rather narrow in nature and consider only one of the aspects of the development of a PPP instrument: the mutually beneficial union of public and private capital. In this regard, the presented study purpose is to develop a conceptual model for the PPP projects effectiveness comprehensive assessment. The sources of this work are the regulatory legal Russian Federation acts in the field of public-private partnerships, the works of domestic and foreign authors in this area, as well as official information pages from the Internet. The developed model includes three stages of efficiency assessment. At the first stage, a qualitative PPP project assessment is carried out. The principles of integrated PPP projects assessment future model are being formed. The risks are to identify in a PPP project for each stakeholder. The second stage analyzes the value of partnerships. This analysis is based on an assessment of various comparative project performance kinds. At the third stage, a three-aspect assessment of the project’s effectiveness is carried out, considering the potential social result from the project and the benefits of the state and private partners. Based on this, the practical significance of the proposed integrated assessment model is determined, both in the regulations development to justify and the individual PPP projects effectiveness.
Nature Restoration Technologies as a Tool for Urbanisation Management
Authors: Zaykova Elena
Published: May 2021

Urban management is a new terminology in global urban planning, actively influencing the indicators of environmental sustainability and actions in relation to various climate risks on the planet. Experts consider different types of technologies as an opportunity to manage urbanization at the global level and predict the situation in the socio-economic and environmental spheres of life. On the other hand, the increasing risks on the planet from floods, hurricanes, fires and droughts force specialists to adapt to these changes, learn how to control them through new design technologies. Therefore, the emergence of the term “urban management” is not accidental and is associated with a change in the perception of the level of sustainability of the environment, the comfort of living for people of different ages and social status in large cities. In this regard, the assessment and meaning of such well-known concepts as “Sustainable City”, “Green City”, “Smart City” changes somewhat. Their content is filled with a new meaning if the technological aspect is added to the socio-economic and environmental aspects of sustainable development, as an independent concept associated with the restoration of the natural potential of cities by technological means. Therefore, the article will consider the problems of restoring nature and urbanized territories through the use of ecological technologies that simulate natural processes with different typological content: from the restoration of biotopes to the accumulation of rainwater in the body of the natural landscape.
Methodology for assessment and risk management of the investment and construction project
Authors: Nidziy Elena
Published: May 2021

The purpose of this work is to substantiate and develop methods of analysis, accounting and assessment of risks in investment and construction activities as a factor of successful implementation of the investment project. Improving the efficiency of the investment and construction project implementation can be ensured by the use of adequate methods for identifying, analyzing, evaluating, forecasting and preventing risks during the project implementation. The author developed a comprehensive methodology for risk analysis and assessment during the implementation of an investment and construction project taking into account the peculiarities of the industry in order to improve the risk management mechanism. The practical significance of the article lies in the possibility of using the developed integrated methodology for analyzing and assessing the risks of an investment and construction project as a mandatory condition for the safe functioning and development of investment and construction activities in the implementation of projects.
Development of a cost controlling system for an investment and construction project
Authors: Bovsunovskaya Maria
Published: May 2021

The study is devoted to substantiating the need to develop a cost controlling system in order to improve the efficiency of investors, developers, customers, general contractors, as well as representatives of the banking system who are directly involved in the implementation of investment and construction projects. The paper summarizes the innovations of the Ministry of Construction, Housing and Utilities of the Russian Federation in the field of determining the cost of construction at the stages of the life cycle of an investment and construction project, and suggests their adaptation to the activities of commercial customers. The factors of the rise in the cost of construction in the modern conditions of the investment and construction sphere are systematized, including topical issues of the rise in cost due to the increase in prices of building materials. The main risks arising from the implementation of the project associated with an increase in cost are highlighted. As the results of the study, stages of construction cost control with a description of their content and a system of cost controlling of an investment and construction project are proposed.
Un appel aux recommandations pour l’enseignement de l’ETP en formation initiale des professionnels de santé : regards croisés entre exploration de la littérature et avis des acteurs européens de l’ETP
Authors: Pétré Benoit , Margat Aurore , Crozet Cyril
Published: May 2021

Introduction : L’enseignement de l’éducation thérapeutique du patient (ETP) en formation initiale (FI) se développe sans que des recommandations claires aient été définies. Le point de départ d’un travail de recommandations consiste en l’étude de l’existant. Cette étude décrit les pratiques de formation en FI. Méthode : Une revue de portée a été menée de janvier à mai 2019 sur 4 bases de données (Pubmed, ERIC, Cinahl et Psycinfo). Les résultats ont été catégorisés et complétés par le point de vue d’acteurs de l’ETP sollicités lors du 7e congrès de la Société d’Education Thérapeutique Européenne (SETE) en mai 2019. Résultats : Vingt-quatre articles ont été retenus et 40 acteurs de l’ETP ont été questionnés. Les résultats montrent une grande hétérogénéité des objectifs et contenus d’apprentissage, souvent réduits à quelques éléments contributifs d’une approche éducative. Les méthodes actives d’apprentissage sont le plus souvent mobilisées, notamment les jeux de rôle. Certaines formations complètent l’enseignement par un stage. L’évaluation porte principalement sur la satisfaction et compétences acquises par les étudiants mais explore peu les capacités de transfert des étudiants. Discussion : Les résultats indiquent la nécessité de définir de véritables parcours d’apprentissage en matière de FI ETP. Des recommandations sont nécessaires pour stabiliser les bases universelles de ce curriculum. Ce travail devrait s’appuyer sur une large consultation des experts de l’ETP et de son enseignement. Au vu de l’insuffisance de preuves, une méthode de recherche par consensus est à privilégier.
Myo-Neurografie 1990–2020 entlang der „Wissenspunkte für die EMG-Prüfung“ der DGKN
Authors: Schulte-Mattler Wilhelm J.
Published: May 2021

Die „Wissenspunkte für die EMG-Prüfung“ der DGKN (https://dgkn.de/images/richtlinien/RL18_EMG_Wissenpunkte.pdf) sind zuletzt vor 10 Jahren bearbeitet worden. Diese letzte Aktualisierung hatte nur zu geringen Änderungen geführt. Fast alle dieser Punkte sind so im Wesentlichen unverändert aufgelistet, seit der Autor dieser Zeilen EMG betreibt, also seit mehr als 30 Jahren. Hier soll der Versuch unternommen werden, anhand dieser Punkte aufzuzeigen, was sich in dieser Zeit verändert hat, was neu ist, aber auch, was weggefallen ist – oder wegfallen sollte.
Präkonzeptionelle Beratung bei Diabetes mellitus
Authors: Madej Dária , Wimberger Pauline , Tsourdi Elena , Goeckenjan Maren
Published: May 2021

Diabetes mellitus (Typ 1 und 2) kommt bei > 1,2 % aller Graviditäten vor und weist eine steigende Prävalenz auf. Schwangere Frauen mit manifestem Diabetes und ihre Kinder haben ein höheres Risiko für Komplikationen während der Schwangerschaft und perinatal. Im Rahmen der präkonzeptionellen Beratung sollte die glykämische Stoffwechsellage optimiert werden, eine Schulung bezüglich Monitorings und zu erwartenden Notfällen angeboten werden und ggf. orale Antidiabetika auf Insulin umgestellt werden. Weitere erkennbare Risiken wie Adipositas, Hypertonie, Retinopathie, Schilddrüsen- und Nierenerkrankungen sollten interdisziplinär evaluiert und behandelt werden. Folsäure und Jodid sollten verordnet werden und über die potenziellen Folgen für das Kind muss aufgeklärt werden. Wenn Frauen mit Kinderwunsch eine Normoglykämie erreichen und wenn die mütterlichen Begleitrisiken bereits präkonzeptionell optimiert werden, ist in der Regel mit einer weitgehend normalen Schwangerschaft zu rechnen.
Is transoral incisionless fundoplication (TIF) an answer to post-peroral endoscopic myotomy gastroesophageal reflux? A multicenter retrospective study
Authors: Brewer Gutierrez Olaya I. , Chang Kenneth J. , Benias Petros C. , Sedarat Alireza , Dbouk Mohamad H. , Godoy Brewer Gala , Lee David P. , Okolo III Patrick I. , Canto Marcia I. , Khashab Mouen A.
Published: May 2021

Background: The use of peroral endoscopic myotomy (POEM) for achalasia has a high incidence of post-procedural gastroesophageal reflux (GER). Transoral incisionless fundoplication (TIF) may be an ideal endoscopic treatment. We report our experience with the use of post-POEM TIF.

Methods: In this multicenter retrospective study, post-POEM patients with GER who underwent TIF were included. The study end points were: (i) technical success; (ii) safety; (iii) effectiveness (changes in symptoms, scores, proton pump inhibitor [PPI] use, pH studies).

Results: 12 patients underwent TIF after POEM, nine of whom had daily symptoms, with 91.7% requiring twice daily (BID) PPIs. Technical success was achieved in all patients. Two adverse events occurred. There were significant decreases in the percentage of patients on BID PPIs (P = 0.03), frequency of daily symptoms (P = 0.03), Reflux Severity Index questionnaire, and GERD Health-related Quality of Life scores (P = 0.03 and P = 0.003; n = 6). pH studies performed in seven of the patients showed a significant reduction in the mean DeMeester score (P = 0.05) and mean percentage acid exposure time (P = 0.04).

Conclusion: Our experience suggests that TIF may be effective and safe in treating GER after POEM. Larger prospective trials are needed.
Re-enter the syn-(Me,I)Bimane: A Gateway to Bimane Derivatives with Extended π-Systems
Authors: Grynszpan Flavio , Szumski Oleg , Karmakar Joy
Published: May 2021

syn-α-Diiodobimane (syn-(R2,I)B) is a key intermediate for the derivatization of the bimane core in the α-positions. Here we describe an expeditious method to prepare symmetric α-bimane derivatives, such as syn-(R2,I)B, as well as unsymmetric ones. Our strategy turns the synthesis of α derivatives with extended π-systems practical and affordable. We applied this approach to the synthesis of ethynylbenzaldehyde bearing bimanes as potential selective probes for aldolase class I enzymes.
Effect of COVID-19 on Canadian Medical Student Attitudes toward Ophthalmology Residency Application
Authors: Lo Cody , Rai Amandeep , Micieli Jonathan A.
Published: May 2021

Objective This study aims to survey medical students interested in ophthalmology about how changes in electives and Canadian Residency Matching Service (CaRMS) due to the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic have affected their attitudes toward applying to ophthalmology residency.

Design This is a cross-sectional survey.

Participants A total of 32 Canadian medical students interested in ophthalmology responded to the survey.

Methods A 32-question survey tool used was developed in consultation with medical students, academic ophthalmologists, and residency program directors. The survey was distributed through e-mail by local ophthalmology interest groups at all of Canada's medical schools.

Results Respondents felt that changes in ability to travel for electives significantly decreased their likelihood of applying to ophthalmology residency. Additionally, respondents expressed concerns that lack of travel for electives and in-person CaRMS interviews significantly reduced their chances of successfully matching to ophthalmology. Respondents identified one-on-one video calls with program directors and residents as the initiatives that would best counteract the negative impacts from COVID-19. Increased presence of programs on social media were relatively less valued.

Conclusion Canadian medical students interested in ophthalmology have concerns about how changes in electives and the CaRMS match due to COVID-19 will impact their ability to be fairly assessed and successfully match to ophthalmology. Lack of travel for electives and interviews has also resulted in students feeling ill equipped to make informed choices about program selection. However, there remains a sustained interest in ophthalmology among applicants.
Evaluation of Hypoglycemia in Neonates of Women at Risk for Late Preterm Delivery: An Antenatal Late Preterm Steroids Trial Cohort Study
Authors: Gyamfi-Bannerman Cynthia , Jablonski Kathleen A. , Blackwell Sean C. , Tita Alan T. N. , Reddy Uma M. , Jain Lucky , Saade George R. , Rouse Dwight J. , Clark Erin A. S. , Thorp John M. , Chien Edward K. , Peaceman Alan M. , Gibbs Ronald S. , Swamy Geeta K. , Norton Mary E. , Casey Brian M. , Caritis Steve N. , Tolosa Jorge E. , Sorokin Yoram , VanDorsten J. Peter ,   for the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health Human Development Maternal-Fetal Medicine Units Network
Published: May 2021

Objective In the antenatal late preterm steroids (ALPS) trial betamethasone significantly decreased short-term neonatal respiratory morbidity but increased the risk of neonatal hypoglycemia, diagnosed only categorically (<40 mg/dL). We sought to better characterize the nature, duration, and treatment for hypoglycemia.

Study Design Secondary analysis of infants from ALPS, a multicenter trial randomizing women at risk for late preterm delivery to betamethasone or placebo. This study was a reabstraction of all available charts from the parent trial, all of which were requested. Unreviewed charts included those lost to follow-up or from sites not participating in the reabstraction. Duration of hypoglycemia (<40 mg/dL), lowest value and treatment, if any, were assessed by group. Measures of association and regression models were used where appropriate.

Results Of 2,831 randomized, 2,609 (92.2%) were included. There were 387 (29.3%) and 223 (17.3%) with hypoglycemia in the betamethasone and placebo groups, respectively (relative risk [RR]: 1.69, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.46–1.96). Hypoglycemia generally occurred in the first 24 hours in both groups: 374/385 (97.1%) in the betamethasone group and 214/222 (96.4%) in the placebo group (p = 0.63). Of 387 neonates with hypoglycemia in the betamethasone group, 132 (34.1%) received treatment, while 73/223 (32.7%) received treatment in placebo group (p = 0.73). The lowest recorded blood sugar was similar between groups. Most hypoglycemia resolved by 24 hours in both (93.0 vs. 89.3% in the betamethasone and placebo groups, respectively, p = 0.18). Among infants with hypoglycemia in the first 24 hours, the time to resolution was shorter in the betamethasone group (2.80 [interquartile range: 2.03–7.03) vs. 3.74 (interquartile range: 2.15–15.08) hours; p = 0.002]. Persistence for >72 hours was rare and similar in both groups, nine (2.4%, betamethasone) and four (1.9%, placebo, p = 0.18).

Conclusion In this cohort, hypoglycemia was transient and most received no treatment, with a quicker resolution in the betamethasone group. Prolonged hypoglycemia was uncommon irrespective of steroid exposure.

Key Points
A Rare Case of Carcinoma of Unknown Primary in an Elderly Female: Parotid Metastases from Gastrointestinal Primary
Authors: Koyyala Venkata Pradeep Babu , Goyal Sumit , Jajodia Ankush , Sharma Manish , Gupta Manoj , Amrith BP , Alam Jahangir , Shrestha Rakshya
Published: May 2021

Parotid gland is a rare site of metastasis from gastrointestinal (GI) tract primary cancer. Here, we present an interesting case report of parotid metastasis from unknown primary with probable lower GI tract as a primary site of cancer, with a normal colonoscopy and upper GI endoscopy. This case report highlights the importance of immunohistochemistry in taking treatment decisions during dilemmatic situations.
Neonatal Outcome of Babies Born to Women 40 Years and Older in a Jamaican Birth Cohort
Authors: Trotman Helen , Samms-Vaughan Maureen , Coore-Desai Charlene , Reece Jody-Ann , Olugbuyi Oluwayomi
Published: May 2021

Objective The study aimed to determine the outcome of babies born to women ≥40 years in a Jamaican birth cohort.

Study Design Maternal demographic data and neonatal data for women ≥40 years who delivered live singleton babies and their younger counterparts aged 20 30 years were extracted from the JA KIDS birth cohort dataset. Outcome measures were preterm birth, low birth weight, very low birth weight, extremely low birth weight, macrosomia, a low 5-minute Apgar score <7, admission to the neonatal unit, and neonatal death. Descriptive analyses were performed; statistical significance was taken at the level p <0.05.

Results A total of 5,424 women and their babies were entered into the study, 5,099 (94%) women were aged 20 to 30 years (mean age ± standard deviation [SD]: 24.5 ± 3.2 years) and 325 (6%) were aged ≥40 years (mean age ± SD: 41.5 ± 1.6 years). A greater percentage of preterm babies (18%) were born to women ≥40 years than to their younger counterparts (14%; p = 0.04). There was no difference in the proportion of low birth weight infants, very low birth weight infants, or extremely low birth weight infants born between the two groups (p > 0.05). There was also no significant difference in the proportion of babies who were macrosomic and in those who had a low 5-minute Apgar score <7. There were 866 (16%) neonatal admissions, 67/325 (21%) of these babies were born to women aged ≥40 years and 799/5,099 (16%) were born to their younger counterparts (p = 0.01). The commonest reason for admission was prematurity. While 60 babies died, there was no significant difference between both groups with 56 (1%) born to women 20 to 30 years and 4 (1%) born to women ≥40 years (p = 0.48).

Conclusion Adverse outcomes noted for babies born to women ≥40 years were prematurity and the need for neonatal admission. However, no excess mortality was recorded.

Key Points
German Corona Consensus Datensatz (GECCO): Verbesserter Austausch von Covid-19-Forschungsdaten
Authors: Thun Sylvia , Saß Julian , Bartschke Alexander
Published: May 2021

Der einheitliche Datensatz Gecco soll es Forschern ermöglichen, die Daten von Covid-19-Patienten systematisch zu erfassen und problemlos untereinander auszutauschen.
OP-Technik: Mehr Präzision durch Navigation
Authors: Hohnstein Aileen
Published: May 2021

In der Wirbelsäulenchirurgie und in der orthopädischen Chirurgie sind computerassistierte Verfahren mittlerweile verbreitet. Im St. Franziskus-Hospital in Münster ist seit Kurzem ein neuartiges OP-Naviga-tionsgerät im Einsatz.
Rollenverteilung im Krankenhaus: Interprofessionelle Visite: Kommunikation auf Augenhöhe
Authors: Heeser Alexandra
Published: May 2021

Die Visite sollte die höchste Ausdrucksform von Interprofessionalität sein. Sie ist die wichtigste Austauschplattform für Pflege, andere Heilberufe und Ärzte – im Idealfall auf Augenhöhe. Gelingt es, eine interprofessionelle Visite auch wirklich in all ihren Facetten durchzusetzen und alle Beteiligten ziehen am gleichen Strang, wird damit die Patientensicherheit und -zufriedenheit gefördert. Und auch im Team sorgt sie für eine gute und wertschätzende Atmosphäre.
Akademisierung in der Pflege: Neuer Masterstudiengang Pflegepädagogik in Schleswig-Holstein
Authors: Nissen Hilke
Published: May 2021

Zum Wintersemester 2021 startet der neue Studiengang an der Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel (CAU). Damit können Pflegefachpersonen nun auch im nördlichsten Bundesland ihren Master in Pflegepädagogik erwerben und in Forschung und Lehre arbeiten.
Ballistic transport for Schrödinger operators with quasi-periodic potentials
Authors: Karpeshina Yulia , Parnovski Leonid , Shterenberg Roman
Published: May 2021

We prove the existence of ballistic transport for a Schrödinger operator with a generic quasi-periodic potential in any dimension d > 1.
Analytical model and experimental verification of an elliptical bridge-type compliant displacement amplification mechanism
Authors: Wu Haitao , Lai Leijie , Zhu Limin
Published: May 2021

In this paper, an analytical model of elliptical bridge-type compliant mechanism is established. Compared with the traditional bridge mechanism, the elliptical bridge-type compliant mechanism has the advantages of light weight, high natural frequency, and more uniform stress distribution. Based on the strain energy and Castigliano’s displacement theorem, a static model for calculating the displacement amplification ratio and input stiffness is established. Then, the Lagrange equation is used to establish the dynamic model to calculate the natural frequency. After that, finite element simulation and experimental test are both used to verify the proposed analytical model. The results show that the maximum error between the analytical model and finite element simulation is within 8.25% and that of the experimental results is within 6.25%. The conclusion of this paper provides an accurate prediction analytical method for the mechanical performance index design of the elliptical compliant mechanism, which has important theoretical significance.
Fabrication of nucleation induction layer of self-encapsulated metal anode by an atomic layer half-reaction for enhanced flexible OLEDs
Authors: Zhao Wenzhuo , Wang Zhenyu , Li Ze , Shangguan Lianchao , Chen Ziqiang , Li Chuannan , Zhang Jian , Duan Yu
Published: May 2021

Transparent conductive films are important components of organic optoelectronic devices. However, current organic light-emitting devices (OLEDs) used in flexible wearable applications are severely restricted by the fragility and poor conductivity of composing ultra-thin electrodes. In this study, poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA)/trimethylaluminum (TMA) was prepared through an atomic layer half-reaction and used as a self-encapsulating nucleation layer. The study suggested coordination between the Au atoms with the functional methyl groups of PMMA/TMA to yield an entire substrate surface. The Au nuclei were evenly and densely distributed on the substrate surface, and island growth of Au film was prevented, leading to good flexibility and photoelectric properties of the Au film deposited on the nucleation layer. For instance, a 7 nm thick layer resulted in a sheet resistance of 18.19 ± 0.44 Ω/◻ at 85.89% transmittance. Furthermore, the use of the as-obtained high-performance electrode in flexible organic optoelectronic devices led to repeated bending over 1000 cycles to a radius of 1 mm without significant reduction in the optoelectronic performances. The nucleation induction layer could also function as a bottom encapsulation with a water vapor transmission rate as low as 2.123 × 10−3 g/cm2/day (60 °C/80% relative humidity). Additionally, the nucleation induction layer exhibited excellent performances in fully transparent devices (75.72% transmittance). In sum, these findings look promising for future flexible wearable applications.
Chronic upper back and rib pain in a healthy man: re-examining the cause
Authors: Liang Cai Jun Jean , Tang George Wen-Gin , Herald Philip
Published: May 2021

INTRODUCTION Back and rib pain is a common presentation in primary care practice. Although most cases are secondary to non-specific musculoskeletal pain, it is essential for clinicians to identify patients presenting with life-threatening pathologies. AIM This case report serves as a reminder to clinicians to reconsider their initial diagnosis when a patient’s pain fails to improve, while considering life-threatening pathologies. CASE HISTORY We describe a 44-year-old man from India who presents to his general practitioner with a 2-week history of rib and upper back pain. He was initially diagnosed with non-specific musculoskeletal pain. However, after representing twice 2 months later due to persistent pain and due to the uncertainty about his condition, he was investigated with different imaging modalities. It was discovered on bone scan that he had osteolytic lesions in the right 11th rib and T2 vertebrae. As the cause of his osteolytic lesions were unclear, he was referred to different specialists. Skeletal tuberculosis was suspected when one of his specialists discovered his recent visit to India, a tuberculosis-endemic country. This reminded the specialist of the possible risks of the patient’s background and its association with his symptoms. Bone biopsy of his lytic lesions revealed Mycobacterium tuberculosis, consistent with skeletal tuberculosis. DISCUSSION Revisiting the diagnosis of back and rib pain while considering other obscure and urgent pathologies is essential if a patient fails to improve clinically. Clinicians should focus on aspects of their clinical assessment to explore these pathologies, enabling earlier recognition of the disease.
Synthetic threads through the web of life
Authors: Power Mary E.
Published: May 2021

CRISPR-Cas gene editing tools have brought us to an era of synthetic biology that will change the world. Excitement over the breakthroughs these tools have enabled in biology and medicine is balanced, justifiably, by concern over how their applications might go wrong in open environments. We do not know how genomic processes (including regulatory and epigenetic processes), evolutionary change, ecosystem interactions, and other higher order processes will affect traits, fitness, and impacts of edited organisms in nature. However, anticipating the spread, change, and impacts of edited traits or organisms in heterogeneous, changing environments is particularly important with “gene drives on the horizon.” To anticipate how “synthetic threads” will affect the web of life on Earth, scientists must confront complex system interactions across many levels of biological organization. Currently, we lack plans, infrastructure, and funding for field science and scientists to track new synthetic organisms, with or without gene drives, as they move through open environments.
What we know about effective public engagement on CRISPR and beyond
Authors: Scheufele Dietram A. , Krause Nicole M. , Freiling Isabelle , Brossard Dominique
Published: May 2021

Advances in gene editing technologies for human, plant, and animal applications have led to calls from bench and social scientists, as well as a wide variety of societal stakeholders, for broad public engagement in the decision-making about these new technologies. Unfortunately, there is limited understanding among the groups calling for public engagement on CRISPR and other emerging technologies about 1) the goals of this engagement, 2) the modes of engagement and what we know from systematic social scientific evaluations about their effectiveness, and 3) how to connect the products of these engagement exercises to societal decision or policy making. Addressing all three areas, we systematize common goals, principles, and modalities of public engagement. We evaluate empirically the likely successes of various modalities. Finally, we outline three pathways forward that deserve close attention from the scientific community as we navigate the world of Life 2.0.
Distinct contribution of cone photoreceptor subtypes to the mammalian biological clock
Authors: van Diepen Hester C. , Schoonderwoerd Robin A. , Ramkisoensing Ashna , Janse Jan A. M. , Hattar Samer , Meijer Johanna H.
Published: May 2021

Significance

Synchronization of our biological clocks to the environmental day–night cycle critically depends on daily exposure to light. Here, we show that cones transmit distinct photic information to the clock by performing recordings of clock neurons in freely moving mice with cones as their only photoreceptors. This is in contrast to the expectation that exclusively melanopsin and rods fulfil this role. Moreover, we show that especially short-wavelength–sensitive cones as compared to mid-wavelength–sensitive cones are important. The evidence for a role for cones implicates that clocks respond to a broad spectrum of colors rather than to blue light, which can be used to strengthen the clock in humans.
Polar in-plane surface orientation of a ferroelectric nematic liquid crystal: Polar monodomains and twisted state electro-optics
Authors: Chen Xi , Korblova Eva , Glaser Matthew A. , Maclennan Joseph E. , Walba David M. , Clark Noel A.
Published: May 2021

Significance

The devices of the portable computing revolution are being made possible by nematic liquid crystal display (LCD) technology. The optical changes viewed in a dynamic LCD image are based on reorienting molecules by coupling electronically generated electric fields to molecular dielectric anisotropy. This takes place in appropriate fluid electro-optic structures stabilized by nonpolar orientational coupling of molecules to surfaces. The recent observation of ferroelectric nematics having spontaneous macroscopic electric polarization density has introduced a much stronger polar coupling of electric field to molecular reorientation in nematics. This development opens opportunities for advanced electro-optics, but these will require polar control of molecular orientation by surfaces. The generation of polar-structured surfaces and their coupling to nematic polarity is demonstrated in this paper.
Genetic mechanisms of HLA-I loss and immune escape in diffuse large B cell lymphoma
Authors: Fangazio Marco , Ladewig Erik , Gomez Karen , Garcia-Ibanez Laura , Kumar Rahul , Teruya-Feldstein Julie , Rossi Davide , Filip Ioan , Pan-Hammarström Qiang , Inghirami Giorgio , Boldorini Renzo , Ott German , Staiger Annette M. , Chapuy Björn , Gaidano Gianluca , Bhagat Govind , Basso Katia , Rabadan Raul , Pasqualucci Laura , Dalla-Favera Riccardo
Published: May 2021

Significance

Fifty percent of diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) evade immune-surveillance via somatic genetic lesions abrogating the expression of the class I major histocompatibility complex (MHC-I) complex on the cell surface, thus preventing the presentation of tumor neoantigens to the immune system. The results herein significantly extend these findings by showing that an additional 40% of DLBCL cases, despite expressing MHC-I, carry monoallelic HLA-I genetic alterations that limit the repertoire of neoantigens for presentation to immune cells. Both MHC-I
NEG
and MHC-I
POS
/monoallelically disrupted cases have significantly higher mutational load. Notably, homozygosis of HLA-I loci is significantly and preferentially enriched in the germline of DLBCL patients, suggesting a stepwise process by which limited neoantigen presentation is selected during DLBCL development.
Teaching English to Arab learners
Authors: Chekili Ferid
Published: May 2021

Both ‘Educational Linguistics’ and ‘Pedagogical Linguistics’ have demonstrated the importance of linguistic knowledge in teaching/learning second/foreign languages. More recently, there have been concrete proposals that insights from formal linguistics and theoretical acquisition research may also play a role in pedagogy. Indeed, many observed difficulties in L2 can be traced back to lack of knowledge, on the part of teachers, of certain abstract linguistic concepts. In this paper, two English constructions (constructions with Object pronouns and DP-internal concord) claimed to be problematic for the learner/teacher in the absence of any linguistic knowledge will be investigated in terms of their abstract properties. The implication is that such linguistic knowledge will speed up the process of learning. This will be supported by previous findings on aspectual contrasts in English and Arabic where such knowledge clearly obtains, causing the learning process to be relatively rapid. Evidence for the presence of this knowledge in the learners comes from observation of the transitional stages in the learning process which indicate that the learner is on the right track to learning. The research hypothesis will be argued to have significant implications for teaching, and thus, if correct, will corroborate some recent findings.
Pennisetum polystachion (mission grass).
Authors: Parker Chris
Published: May 2021

P. polystachion is a vigorous annual or perennial grass growing to over 1 m height, producing large numbers of seeds with limited dormancy. It is a natural invader of disturbed ground, typically occurring in fallow land in its native region in Africa. It has been widely introduced to Asia, Australia and Central and South America, both deliberately, as a potential forage plant, and accidentally. In some of these areas, especially Thailand and northern Australia, it has flourished, spreading along roadsides into both agricultural and natural habitats, sometimes in national parks and nature reserves, reducing species diversity and greatly increasing the risk of damaging fires. It is listed as a Federal Noxious Weed in USA and as a Class B and C Noxious Weed in the Northern Territory, Australia.
Alternanthera sessilis (sessile joyweed).
Authors: Rojas-Sandoval Julissa , Acevedo-Rodríguez Pedro
Published: May 2021

A. sessilis is a pioneer species typically growing on disturbed areas and in wetland habitats, and regarded as a fast-growing highly invasive weed. It is adapted to grow on a range of soil types ranging from poor sandy or alkaline soils, to loam or black cotton soils. It is also able to grow in seasonally-waterlogged areas as well as in areas with extreme dry conditions (Holm et al., 1997). A. sessilis can be found invading floodplain wetlands, margins of rivers, streams, canals, ditches, ponds, reservoirs, tanks, marshes, swamps, wet low-lying ground, ephemeral pools, seasonal pans and damp forest. This species is also a weed in fields with sorghum, millet, Eleusine spp., maize, cotton, cassava, cereal crops, pastures, and vegetable farms (Gupta, 2014). Consequently, this species has been listed as invasive in India, South Africa, Namibia, Spain, Hawaii and many other islands in the Pacific Ocean (see distribution table for details). It is also listed as a noxious weed in the United States (USDA-NRCS, 2014).
TLBO based Power System Optimization for AC/DC Hybrid Systems
Authors: Suresh Babu B
Published: May 2021

This Paper Presents a TLBO based Power System Optimization for AC/DC Hybrid Systems. The objectives is to reduce the total fuel cost of generating units with optimal setting of control variables without violating inequality constraints and satisfying equality constraints. The recent developments in power electronics allow replacing the existing transmission lines by DC links with a view of making the operation more flexible, secure and economical. The solution process involves sequential NR based AC/DC power flow. It presents simulation results of IEEE 14, 30 and 57 test systems with a view of demonstrating its effectiveness.