bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Accurate Delivery of Online Advertising and the Evaluation of Advertising Effect Based on Big Data Technology
Authors: Ge Tao , Wu Xiaolong
Published: August 2021

With the rapid development of the global online advertising industry, computational advertising was born. As an advertising model that combines technology and calculation with online advertising decision-making, it is based on a given advertising request, takes into account the advertising context and user characteristics, selects the best match from the potential advertising library through calculation, and then runs deliver ads to target audiences. This article aims to start from the technical level of big data, accurately place online advertisements, and evaluate the effects of advertisements. The sample collection method and statistical analysis method are used to collect samples and set up a data transmission system based on BD-MQ. The experimental results of the research show that there is almost no profit in the study of advertising time between 4 and 8 o’clock, and the users who watched at 16 o’clock reached 34.7%, 18–20 o’clock reached 68.7%, 20–22 o’clock reached 80.1% of the peak, and 22–24 o’clock returned to 40.2%. Compared with the data transmission system based on ActiveMQ, the data transmission system based on BD_MQ designed in the thesis has a speed advantage of about 5%–10%, and the transmission rate changes for a single data with different sizes are more stable. The larger the total amount of data transmitted, the higher the average rate; the larger the single data packet, the higher the average rate. When the size of a single data packet is around 100 kB, the transmission rate reaches the maximum. The research on the precise placement and effect evaluation of online advertising has been completed well.
Phenolic Bioactives as Antiplatelet Aggregation Factors: The Pivotal Ingredients in Maintaining Cardiovascular Health
Authors: Sharifi-Rad Javad , Quispe Cristina , Zam Wissam , Kumar Manoj , Cardoso Susana M. , Pereira Olivia R. , Ademiluyi Adedayo O. , Adeleke Oluwakemi , Moreira Ana Catarina , Živković Jelena , Noriega Felipe , Ayatollahi Seyed Abdulmajid , Kobarfard Farzad , Faizi Mehrdad , Martorell Miquel , Cruz-Martins Natália , Butnariu Monica , Bagiu Iulia Cristina , Bagiu Radu Vasile , Alshehri Mohammed M. , Cho William C.
Published: August 2021

Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are one of the main causes of mortality in the world. The development of these diseases has a specific factor—alteration in blood platelet activation. It has been shown that phenolic compounds have antiplatelet aggregation abilities and a positive impact in the management of CVD, exerting prominent antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory, antitumor, cardioprotective, antihyperglycemic, and antimicrobial effects. Thus, this review is intended to address the antiplatelet activity of phenolic compounds with special emphasis in preventing CVD, along with the mechanisms of action through which they are able to prevent and treat CVD. In vitro and in vivo studies have shown beneficial effects of phenolic compound‐rich plant extracts and isolated compounds against CVD, despite that the scientific literature available on the antiplatelet aggregation ability of phenolic compounds in vivo is scarce. Thus, despite the current advances, further studies are needed to confirm the cardioprotective potential of phenolic compounds towards their use alone or in combination with conventional drugs for effective therapeutic interventions.
Risperidone-Induced Neutropenia in a Schizophrenic Patient: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Atolagbe Ayodele , Nkemjika Stanley , Popoola Olusegun , Oladeji Oluwatoyin , Kogan Irina , Saeed Haroon , Olupona Tolulope
Published: August 2021

Neutropenia is an adverse effect of various pharmacological therapies, including antipsychotics. Among the second-generation antipsychotic (SGA) medications, clozapine is most notable for neutropenic adverse effect. Risperidone, another SGA drug, is linked mainly with metabolic adverse effects, but rarely, blood dyscrasia adverse reactions have been reported. Hence, we report the case of a 56-year-old African American woman who developed severe neutropenia following two weeks of oral risperidone treatment. Her neutrophil levels returned to normal limits following discontinuation of risperidone and switching to haloperidol.
The System Research and Implementation for Autorecognition of the Ship Draft via the UAV
Authors: Zhan Wei , Hong Shengbing , Sun Yong , Zhu Chenguang
Published: August 2021

The reading of the ship draft is an important step in the process of weighing and pricing. The traditional detection method is time-consuming and labor-consuming, and it is easy to lead to misdetection. In order to solve the above problems, this paper introduces the computer image processing technology based on deep learning, and the specific process is divided into three steps: first, the video sampling is carried out by the UAV to obtain a large number of pictures of the ship draft reading face, and the images are preprocessed; then, the deep learning target detection algorithm of improved YOLOv3 is used to process the images to predict the position of the waterline and identify the draft characters; finally, the prediction results are analyzed and processed to obtain the final reading results. The experimental results show that the ship draft reading method proposed in this paper has obvious effects. The method has a good detection effect on high-quality images, and the accuracy rate can reach 98%. The accuracy rate can also reach 73% for the images with poor quality caused by improper capture, character corrosion, bad weather, etc. This method is a kind of artificial intelligence method with safe measurement process, high measurement effect, and accuracy, providing a new idea for related research.
Gut Microbiota and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Association, Mechanism, and Translational Applications
Authors: Zhang Lili , Chu Jinjin , Hao Wenhao , Zhang Jiaojiao , Li Haibo , Yang Chunjuan , Yang Jinghan , Chen Xiaohua , Wang Honggang
Published: August 2021

Gut microbiota has attracted widespread attention due to its crucial role in disease pathophysiology, including type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Metabolites and bacterial components of gut microbiota affect the initiation and progression of T2DM by regulating inflammation, immunity, and metabolism. Short-chain fatty acids, secondary bile acid, imidazole propionate, branched-chain amino acids, and lipopolysaccharide are the main molecules related to T2DM. Many studies have investigated the role of gut microbiota in T2DM, particularly those butyrate-producing bacteria. Increasing evidence has demonstrated that fecal microbiota transplantation and probiotic capsules are useful strategies in preventing diabetes. In this review, we aim to elucidate the complex association between gut microbiota and T2DM inflammation, metabolism, and immune disorders, the underlying mechanisms, and translational applications of gut microbiota. This review will provide novel insight into developing individualized therapy for T2DM patients based on gut microbiota immunometabolism.
Research on Business Environment Risk Governance Based on Occupational Claims: 1784 Cases of Food Safety Disputes
Authors: Sun Jiangjie , Gao Yufei , Jiang Xueli , Li Yan , Yang Mengyao , Zhao Ziyan , Yang Hangzhou , You Jinliang
Published: August 2021

There are disputes on the legal acceptance of occupational claims and the risk of occupational claim spoiling business environment is skyrocketing. How to manage the risk of occupational claims in the business environment is the subject of urgent research, especially COVID‐19 is ravaging the world and the risk of economic crisis is increasing dramatically. In this study, we collected 1784 cases of food occupational claims from the Chinese legal documents website. Using Excel, Review Manager 5.0 and SPSS 19.0, the number of cases prosecuted as “consumers” were obtained by means of textual analysis, and the development process was directly influenced by occupational claims, with 2017 as a great value point (watershed); the rate of losing occupational claim cases has been climbing since 2018; and the risk of losing occupational claims is higher than that of true meaningful consumer advocacy cases (Z = 6.99, p < 0.001), and in 2019, the risk of losing a case was 33.34 times higher than that of an ordinary consumer. The proportion of occupational claims in the total number of food safety disputes is positively correlated with official protective behavior; the failure rate of occupational claims is positively correlated with official regulatory behavior. The results show that occupational claims are being reexamined by society; the continued rise in the number of unsuccessful occupational claims cases indicates a lack of regulatory guidance for their profit‐making behavior, the existence of malicious reporting complaints against business behavior, damage to the business environment, and a certain lack of legality. Therefore, it is proposed that laws and regulations should be in line with international standards, highlight the legal thinking and the concept of the rule of law, return to the original legislative intent, and build a five‐in‐one mechanism of “consumers, operators, media, government, and justice” to coordinate the management of occupational claims, crack down on occupational claims, and contribute to the creation of a good business environment.
Hydrochlorothiazide Use and Risk of Nonmelanoma Skin Cancers: A Biological Plausibility Study
Authors: Bigagli Elisabetta , Cinci Lorenzo , D’Ambrosio Mario , Nardini Patrizia , Portelli Francesca , Colucci Roberta , Lodovici Maura , Mugelli Alessandro , Luceri Cristina
Published: August 2021

Recent studies reported the association between increased risk of nonmelanoma skin cancers (NMSCs) and the use of hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ), one of the most commonly prescribed diuretic, antihypertensive drug, over the world. Although HCTZ is known to be photosensitizing, the mechanisms involved in its potential prophotocarcinogenic effects remain unclear. Under acute exposure, therapeutically relevant concentrations of HCTZ (70, 140, and 370 ng/mL) amplified UVA‐induced double‐strand breaks, oxidative DNA, and protein damage in HaCaT human keratinocytes, and this effect was associated to a defective activity of the DNA repair enzyme, OGG1. Oxidative damage to DNA, but not that to proteins, was reversible within few hours. After chronic, combined exposure to HCTZ (70 ng/mL) and UVA (10 J/cm2), for 9 weeks, keratinocytes acquired a dysplastic‐like phenotype characterized by a multilayered morphology and alterations in cell size, shape, and contacts. At the ultrastructural level, several atypical and enlarged nuclei and evident nucleoli were also observed. These transformed keratinocytes were apoptosis resistant, exhibited enhanced clonogenicity capacity, increased DNA damage and inflammation, defective DNA repair ability, and increased expression of the oncogene ΔNp63α and intranuclear β‐catenin accumulation (a hallmark of Wnt pathway activation), compared to those treated with UVA alone. None of these molecular, morphological, or functional effects were observed in cells treated with HCTZ alone. All these features resemble in part those of preneoplastic lesions and NMSCs and provide evidence of a biological plausibility for the association among exposure to UVA, use of HCTZ, and increased risk of NMSCs. These results are of translational relevance since we used environmentally relevant UVA doses and tested HCTZ at concentrations that reflect the plasma levels of doses used in clinical practice. This study also highlights that drug safety data should be followed by experimental evaluations to clarify the mechanistic aspects of adverse events.
Renal Transplantation from a Deceased Donor with Polycystic Kidney Disease
Authors: Tabbara Marina M. , Guerra Giselle , Ciancio Gaetano
Published: August 2021

Renal transplantation is the gold standard treatment for patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) as it demonstrates improved long-term survival compared to patients who remain on renal replacement therapy. The widening gap between the demand and supply of organs warrants the expansion of donor criteria for renal transplantation. Kidneys with multiple cysts are often rejected for transplantation. Here, we present our recent experience of a 72-year-old patient with ESRD due to a biopsy-proven diabetic nephropathy who received a deceased donor kidney with adult polycystic kidney disease (APKD). At 31-month posttransplant, he had a serum creatinine of 1.6 mg/dL. Deceased donors affected by APKD should be considered an acceptable option for successful renal transplantation in select recipients, as well as an alternative kidney source to increase the donor pool.
Could Executive Compensation Incentive Enhance the Efficiency of Enterprise Resource Allocation? An Empirical Study from China
Authors: Yin Xianan , Ming Hua , Cui Jing , Bao Xinzhong
Published: August 2021

Corporate executives have the decision-making power of resource allocation, and efficient resource allocation is an important measure of high-quality development of enterprises. It is a focal issue whether the compensation incentive can promote the executives to make better use of the enterprise resource allocation. We investigate this question using the data of the Chinese listed companies in 2015–2019 based on Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) and fixed effect model. The results show the following: (1) both monetary compensation incentive and equity incentive can significantly improve the efficiency of resource allocation, and the former is more significant; (2) there is an inverted U-shaped relationship between perquisite consumption incentive and resource allocation efficiency; (3) the above conclusion is still true in state-owned enterprises; (4) in private enterprises, the effect of equity incentive is more effective, but the effect of perquisite consumption incentive is less significant. The results highlight the relationship between compensation incentive and enterprise resource allocation. Our study is expected to guide the executives to formulate reasonable compensation incentives and improve the efficiency of resource allocation.
An Unusual Visit from an Old Foe: Oral Presentation of Syphilis in a Teenage Patient
Authors: Tarhan Bedirhan , Rahman Sydur , Halloran Diana , Sites Jeremy , Bhatt Avni , Ryan Kathleen , Plaza-Verduin Maritza , Vu Thao
Published: August 2021

The authors report an atypical case of secondary syphilis in an adolescent female presenting to a tertiary-care center with fever, weight loss, oral sores, painful inguinal lymphadenopathy, and transient macular rash. Given the lower prevalence of syphilis in adolescent females, this infection was not included on the initial differential diagnosis. The evolving presentation of syphilis over time complicates the diagnosis and management of these infections, as it did for the patient in this report. The authors provide a detailed discussion of the patient’s clinical findings, including the protean features of syphilis infection. This case is particularly relevant to the fields of general pediatrics and pediatric hospital medicine.
Experimental Study on Undrained Shear Properties of Saline Soil under Freeze-Thaw Cycles
Authors: Cheng Shukai , Wang Qing , Wang Jiaqi , Han Yan
Published: August 2021

The freeze-thaw cycle is an important external factor affecting the hydromechanical characteristics of saline soil in cold regions. Due to the presence of water and salt, it has a greater impact on stability. The construction of various projects, such as ditch fills and road subgrades, has mostly used disturbed soils. Therefore, this article takes remolded saline soil in Qian’an, Jilin Province, China, as the research object to evaluate the action of freeze-thaw cycles on the critical state line, effective stress path, pore water pressure-strain relationship, stress-strain relationship, shear strength index, and other mechanical properties via a freeze-thaw cycle test and a consolidated undrained triaxial shear test (CU). The experimental results show that regardless of whether the soil specimen undergoes a freeze-thaw cycle, its stress-strain relationship shows characteristics of strain hardening, while, as the number of freeze-thaw cycles increases, the shear strength gradually decreases. As both the confining pressure and number of freeze-thaw cycles increase, the pore water pressure increases, as does the pore water pressure coefficient in shear failure. Under the action of freeze-thaw cycles, on the

p

′

−
q

plane of the stress space, the effective stress path gradually moves to the lower left side. Both the effective stress path and the pore water pressure characteristics indicate that the degree of consolidation of the soil specimens continuously decreases as the number of freeze-thaw cycles increases. The position of the critical state line gradually lowers, and the critical state stress ratio decreases. The effective stress strength index can more accurately reflect the comprehensive influence of freeze-thaw cycles and confining pressure on the mechanical characteristics of soils than the total stress strength index. Logistic functions can be used to fit and predict the degradation law of the internal friction angle and cohesion.
MiR-224-5p Targeting OCLN Promotes the Proliferation, Migration, and Invasion of Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma Cells
Authors: Liu Yifei , Nie Honglin , Zhang Yubo , Zhang Na , Han Miaomiao , Liu Huancai , Sun Dongli , Wu Xiaotang , Xiao Xiaolong , Cao Xiaoning
Published: August 2021

A number of studies reported that miR-224-5p is involved in a variety of cancer-related cellular processes, yet its physiological role in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) remains unclear. In order to clarify the function of miR-224-5p in ccRCC, real-time quantitative-PCR was conducted to compare the expression of miR-224-5p in human normal renal tubular epithelial cell lines and ccRCC cell lines first, and a strikingly upregulated expression was observed in ccRCC cell lines. Inhibition of miR-224-5p expression by microRNA inhibitors could inhibit the proliferation, migration, and invasion of ccRCC cells. Besides, it was validated by dual-luciferase assay in which miR-224-5p directly targeted OCLN gene. The expression of OCLN was downregulated in ccRCC cells, and overexpression of miR-224-5p could inhibit the mRNA and protein expression levels of OCLN. Overexpression of OCLN could reduce the proliferation, migration, and invasion of ccRCC cells, while overexpressed miR-224-5p could partially reverse that inhibitory effect. Therefore, the promotive effect of miR-224-5p on the proliferation, invasion, and migration of ccRCC cell lines was at least partly due to the inhibition of OCLN expression. These findings highlighted the important function of miR-224-5p, which was promoting cell proliferation, migration, and invasion by downregulating OCLN, in the pathogenesis of ccRCC, and provided a potential treatment strategy.
Why Do the Fetal Membranes Rupture Early after Fetoscopy? A Review
Authors: Amberg Benjamin J. , Hodges Ryan J. , Rodgers Karyn A. , Crossley Kelly J. , Hooper Stuart B. , DeKoninck Philip L.J.
Published: August 2021

Iatrogenic preterm premature rupture of the fetal membranes (iPPROM) remains the Achilles’ heel of keyhole fetal surgery (fetoscopy) despite significant efforts in preclinical models to develop new therapies. This limited success is partially due to incomplete understanding why the fetal membranes rupture early after fetoscopy and notable differences in membrane physiology between humans and domestic species. In this review, we summarize aspects of fetoscopy that may contribute to iPPROM, the previous efforts to develop new therapies, and limitations of preclinical models commonly used in fetal membrane research.
Measurement of Plasma Glucagon Levels Using Mass Spectrometry in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes on Maintenance Hemodialysis
Authors: Yoshizawa Yuta , Hosojima Michihiro , Kabasawa Hideyuki , Tanabe Naohito , Miyachi Atsushi , Hamajima Hitoshi , Mieno Eri , Kobayashi Masaki , Kitamura Tadahiro , Narita Ichiei , Saito Akihiko
Published: August 2021

Background: Recently, attention has been focused on the effect of glucagon on blood glucose variability. The dynamics of glucagon have attracted attention as a new target in the treatment of diabetes patients. However, the dynamics of glucagon in hemodialysis (HD) patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) remain unclear. Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess the dynamics of glucagon in HD patients with T2DM. Materials and Methods: We measured plasma glucagon in HD patients with T2DM by liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS), sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and radioimmunoassay (RIA). The glucagon levels measured by each method were compared. We used the glucagon levels determined by our developed LC-HRMS method as the standard in this study. Results: Plasma glucagon levels measured by LC-HRMS before HD were significantly higher than those measured after HD. Plasma glucagon levels measured using sandwich ELISA had a significantly higher correlation with those measured using LC-HRMS compared with RIA. Conclusions: This was the first study to assess glucagon levels in HD patients with T2DM using LC-HRMS, which is considered a highly accurate method. Sandwich ELISA was shown to measure glucagon levels accurately as well.
Fluxos comunicacionais às avessas: do local para o nacional e vice-versa
Authors: Pereira Gustavo Teixeira de Faria , Coutinho Iluska Maria da Silva
Published: August 2021

O objetivo do presente trabalho é analisar o Brasil em Rede, telejornal que se apresentava como sendo de âmbito local, ainda que fosse veiculado em uma emissora pública regional. O programa jornalístico foi veiculado entre dezembro de 2017 e janeiro de 2019 na Rede Minas, emissora regional de Minas Gerais, e contava com produções de emissoras parcerias de todo o Brasil para que o noticiário fosse diariamente ao ar. Como metodologia utilizamos a Análise da Materialidade Audiovisual (COUTINHO, 2016), que busca investigar o audiovisual como uma unidade e sem decomposição e como resultados preliminares temos a possibilidade de promoção de novos olhares e vozes no telejornalismo brasileiro em que a maior parte dos telejornais nacionais são produzidos a partir do eixo Rio de Janeiro-São Paulo-Brasília e o pioneirismo de um movimento às avessas de promoção de um telejornal nacional a partir de uma emissora regional.
Direitos Humanos e Direitos Fundamentais: um estudo de caso sobre migrantes venezuelanos interiorizados em Mato Grosso pela operação acolhida
Authors: Marques Mariceli Ferreira
Published: August 2021

Desde alguns anos o Brasil tem atraído migrantes de diversos países, destacando-se o expressivo número de venezuelanos. Neste contexto, o artigo apresenta uma revisão das normas, leis e tratados dos quais o Brasil é signatário sobre a pauta da migração no mundo. Também discute a legislação interna brasileira acerca do assunto. Apresenta de maneira sucinta as implicações do êxodo venezuelano iniciado em 2015. Por meio de uma revisão bibliográfica, o estudo discute as condições jurídicas de migrantes e refugiados. No que diz respeito à coleta de dados, a pesquisa se classifica como documental. Também foi feita uma visita de estudo  in loco, na cidade de Boa Vista-RR, para conhecer os abrigos de refugiados e imigrantes venezuelanos, o trabalho da Organização Internacional para as Migrações (OIM) e o Posto de Interiorização e Triagem (PITRIG) da Operação Acolhida.
Administração Moderna – uma abordagem holística. “Implicações da Abordagem Holística na Administração: para além da produtividade”
Authors: Pullig André , Barros Michelle , Almeida Francisco Alberto Severo de
Published: August 2021

O presente trabalho explora o modelo clássico de administração, originado na sua forma tradicional, sua trajetória e evolução para a abordagem holística e para além da produtividade, envolvendo uma averiguação sistemática, que analisa as contribuições das principais teorias a partir do século XVIII até as novas teorias. Abordará a seguinte problemática: o que caracteriza a administração holística em comparação com as abordagens tradicionais administrativas. O objetivo geral será discutir as implicações de uma abordagem holística na administração, a partir de uma comparação com as abordagens tradicionais nesse campo do conhecimento, com metodologia explicativa de natureza qualitativa. Será utilizada a pesquisa bibliográfica.
A preparação do aluno para o mercado de trabalho
Authors: Kauer Ana Carolina dos Santos da Silva
Published: August 2021

O presente trabalho busca elaborar atividades, ideias que impulsione o jovem para o mercado de trabalho e se encontram perdidos frente as escolhas profissionais, ajudando também as famílias e a escola para saber como lidar neste processo de mudança, e como podem contribuir frente a esta questão, o trabalho irá também destacar a importância da participação da família e comunidade neste processo. Mas para isto é necessário conhecer quais aspectos influentes que afetam na escolha profissional em relação a um curso superior ou técnico por parte dos alunos, principalmente do Ensino Médio, e uma boa fundamentação a respeito das opções da formação continuada.
O Branded Content como estratégia de financiamento no webjornalismo: uma análise de conteúdo do Estúdio Folha
Authors: Ferreira Daniela Pires de Camargos , Rocha Liana Vidigal
Published: August 2021

O objetivo deste artigo é analisar o branded content do Estúdio Folha, como um modelo de negócio do grupo Folha de S. Paulo. Para tanto, foi realizada a análise de conteúdo de quatro publicações digitais de diferentes anos. As categorias de análise consideradas foram: princípios jornalísticos; critérios de noticiabilidade; linguagem jornalística; técnicas de construção textual e estrutura do produto. Identificou-se que o Estúdio utiliza das ferramentas, técnicas e narrativa do jornalismo para dar visibilidade às marcas e também se apropria do espaço jornalístico para disseminar o interesse privado, além de não ser transparente sobre o redator dos conteúdos. Sugere-se que o branded content seja produzido pelas assessorias de imprensa das marcas, cabendo ao veículo apenas comercializar o espaço de divulgação e que o material venha assinado pelo jornalista ou a assessoria que o produziu.
Mendelian Randomization Studies in Stroke: Exploration of Risk Factors and Drug Targets With Human Genetic Data
Authors: Georgakis Marios K. , Gill Dipender
Published: August 2021

Elucidating the causes of stroke is key to developing effective preventive strategies. The Mendelian randomization approach leverages genetic variants related to an exposure of interest to investigate the effects of varying that exposure on disease risk. The random allocation of genetic variants at conception reduces confounding from environmental factors and thus strengthens causal inference, analogous to treatment allocation in a randomized controlled trial. With the recent explosion in the availability of human genetic data, Mendelian randomization has proven a valuable tool for studying risk factors for stroke. In this review, we provide an overview of recent developments in the application of Mendelian randomization to unravel the pathophysiology of stroke subtypes and identify therapeutic targets for clinical translation. The approach has offered novel insight into the differential effects of risk factors and antihypertensive, lipid-lowering, and anticoagulant drug classes on risk of stroke subtypes. Analyses have further facilitated the prioritization of novel drug targets, such as for inflammatory pathways underlying large artery atherosclerotic stroke and for the coagulation cascade that contributes to cardioembolic stroke. With continued methodological advances coupled with the rapidly increasing availability of genetic data related to a broad range of stroke phenotypes, the potential for Mendelian randomization in this context is expanding exponentially.
Risk Prediction Using Polygenic Risk Scores for Prevention of Stroke and Other Cardiovascular Diseases
Authors: Abraham Gad , Rutten-Jacobs Loes , Inouye Michael
Published: August 2021

Early prediction of risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), including stroke, is a cornerstone of disease prevention. Clinical risk scores have been widely used for predicting CVD risk from known risk factors. Most CVDs have a substantial genetic component, which also has been confirmed for stroke in recent gene discovery efforts. However, the role of genetics in prediction of risk of CVD, including stroke, has been limited to testing for highly penetrant monogenic disorders. In contrast, the importance of polygenic variation, the aggregated effect of many common genetic variants across the genome with individually small effects, has become more apparent in the last 5 to 10 years, and powerful polygenic risk scores for CVD have been developed. Here we review the current state of the field of polygenic risk scores for CVD including stroke, and their potential to improve CVD risk prediction. We present findings and lessons from diseases such as coronary artery disease as these will likely be useful to inform future research in stroke polygenic risk prediction.
Genetics of Intracranial Aneurysms
Authors: Bakker Mark K. , Ruigrok Ynte M.
Published: August 2021

Rupture of an intracranial aneurysm leads to aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage, a severe type of stroke which is, in part, driven by genetic variation. In the past 10 years, genetic studies of IA have boosted the number of known genetic risk factors and improved our understanding of the disease. In this review, we provide an overview of the current status of the field and highlight the latest findings of family based, sequencing, and genome-wide association studies. We further describe opportunities of genetic analyses for understanding, prevention, and treatment of the disease.
Composing and Performing Complex Systems: From the Quantum to the Cosmological
Authors: Kuchera-Morin Joann
Published: August 2021

This paper discusses the creation and development of a large distributed immersive multimedia computation system and environment based on the discipline of orchestral music composition, concert hall design, and performance. Just as the orchestra evolved through mechanical engineering to become a large distributed multiuser instrument whose information can be transmitted by either a client-server model (i.e. orchestra-conductor) or a client-to-client model, as in an instrumental ensemble, large-scale distributed multimedia computational platforms can be modeled in the same way, facilitating the users as performers of the system. Multiple researchers can mine large, complex data sets to uncover relationships of interest in their spatiotemporal structures.
Aseneth’s Epiphanies
Authors: Glass Rivkah Gillian
Published: August 2021

This article examines the function of epiphany in Joseph and Aseneth. Though central to the narrative, this literary device and theological phenomenon is frequently overlooked or only indirectly included in other studies. This reading argues that the mode of epiphany is central, not only to the plot, but to the main themes and messages of Joseph and Aseneth; epiphany operates as a boundary marker between two groups in Joseph and Aseneth. These two groups are insiders and outsiders, and mortal and (quasi-)divine beings. While epiphanies are used to distinguish between these groups, they also invite the narrative’s heroine, Aseneth, to transcend these boundaries. The story’s numerous epiphanies signpost Aseneth’s transition from a mortal outsider to a quasi-divine insider. Used in this way, the epiphanies build a worldview wherein the divine intercedes directly on behalf of, and grants particular dispensations to certain individuals.
Re-Conceptualizing Conflict Resolution as a Three-Stage Process
Authors: Walter Barbara F.
Published: August 2021

Although the literature on international negotiation is rich with studies attempting to explain why some wars end in negotiated settlements while others do not, the theoretical and empirical work focuses almost entirely on explaining a single dichotomous variable: whether parties reach agreement or not. This article argues that in order to truly understand how conflicts end, the resolution process must be viewed as taking place in three distinct stages which begins with the decision to initiate negotiations, continues with the decision to strike a mutually agreeable bargain, and ends with the decision to implement the terms of a treaty. Each of these stages is likely to be driven by very different causal factors, and only by drawing clear conceptual and theoretical distinctions between the stages (and then testing them this way) can we begin to understand the full range of factors that truly bring peace.
The Short-Term Effects of Military Interventions in Civil Conflict
Authors: Regan Patrick M.
Published: August 2021

In this article, I discuss the implications of thinking about conflict management in terms of long and short-term outcomes. In particular, I focus on the role of third-party interventions in civil conflicts and how military interventions can affect the terms of negotiated settlements. I argue that military interventions can be effective if you judge success in terms of short-term outcomes, but even then, there are more or less-effective strategies. After articulating different metrics for considering short-term success, I outline a framework for thinking about how the intervention strategy will influence the duration of a civil conflict, in part by linking battlefield conditions to negotiated outcomes. I conclude by discussing some of the implications of linking military interventions to diplomatic efforts when negotiating a settlement.
How to Use the Paradox of Hedonism
Authors: Dietz Alexander
Published: August 2021

The paradox of hedonism is the idea that intrinsically desiring nothing other than pleasure can prevent one from obtaining pleasure. In this article, I show how the paradox of hedonism can be used as the basis for an objection against hedonism about well-being, and one that is more defensible than has been commonly recognized. Moreover, I argue that the challenge presented by the paradox can be used to target not only hedonism about well-being, but also desire satisfactionism and the hybrid theory. However, I argue that certain sophisticated versions of all three theories can escape it.
Thomas Hobbes on Civility, Magnanimity, and Scientific Discourse
Authors: Corsa Andrew J.
Published: August 2021

Thomas Hobbes contends that a wise sovereign would censor books and limit verbal discourse for the majority of citizens. But this article contends that it is consistent with Hobbes’s philosophy to claim that a wise sovereign would allow a small number of citizens – those individuals who engage in scientific discourse and who are magnanimous and just – to disagree freely amongst themselves, engaging in discourse on controversial topics. This article reflects on Hobbes’s contention that these individuals can tolerate one another’s differences and engage in verbal disagreement without any risk to the commonwealth. By engaging in open discourse, these individuals can better create valuable technology and provide counsel to the sovereign that is necessary to maintain peace.
Villager Groups and Self-Governance in China: Power, Incentives, and Risk Prevention
Authors: Wei (魏程琳) Chenglin , Ding (丁岩森) Yansen
Published: August 2021

Building a modern grassroots governance system synchronized with national development has become a significant part of China’s rural revitalization strategy. To cope with the overlapping of property rights, social identities, and work and living space in China’s villages, the villager group 村民小组 has been endowed with relatively complete governance power. Regional social networks, the moral constraints of reputation in the village, and the administrative incentives provided by the government constitute the incentive structure of villager group governance. At the same time, granting group cadres official authority and social power enables them to better coordinate the relationship between state and society, safeguard the rights and interests of villagers in the group, and provide low-cost public goods through their structural position in “the last kilometer” 最后一公里. However, they may also bring about the political risk of group confrontation, the economic risk of embezzling collective assets, and the moral risk of negligence and political inertia. To ward off these risks requires strengthening the leadership of grassroots party organizations, making full use of social supervision, ensuring that cadres operate in an open and above-board fashion, and introducing the notion of the rule of law, thus forming a compound risk-prevention mechanism for grassroots power and building a solid foundation for national governance.
New insights of low-temperature plasma effects on seeds germination of Platycodon grandiflorum
Authors: Wang Panpan , Chen Fuyuan , Huang Yulan , Sun Hunan , Fan Min , Ning Dange , Wang Tao , Wang Haojin , Liu Ming
Published: August 2021

Low temperature plasma (LTP) exerted beneficial effects on seed germination and crop growth. With application of LTP on seed germination of Platycodon grandiflorum, germination indexes and physiological parameters and transcriptome profile were investigated in this experiment. The results showed the seed germination rate and germinating potential of Platycodon grandiflorum in LTP increased by 24.7% and 30.7% comparing to CK respectively (p < 0.05). The SOD and CAT activity of the seed sprouts increased by 26.78% and 12.41% comparing to CK. Transcriptome results showed that 14342 up-regulated and 4366 down-regulated different expressing genes (DEGs) at LTP and CK. A considerable number of DEGs related to the plant hormone signal transduction, peroxisome, oxidative phosphorylation, starch and surose in response to low temperature plasma were identified in this study. The transcriptomic gene expression profiles present a valuable genomic tool to the molecular mechanisms of Platycodon grandiflorum seed germination underlying low temperature plasma. which can provide theoretical basis and practical guidance for cultivation and planting of Platycodon grandiflorum.
Personal Bible Reading and the Faith Formation of Teenagers in a Digital Age
Authors: Hildebrandt Judith , Barentsen Jack , Kock Jos de
Published: August 2021

History shows that the use of the Bible by Christians has changed over the centuries. With the digitization and the ubiquitous accessibility of the Internet, the handling of texts and reading itself has changed. Research has also shown that young people’s faith adapts to the characteristics of the ‘age of authenticity’, which changes the role of normative institutions and texts in general. With regard to these developments this article deals with the question: How relevant is personal Bible reading for the faith formation of highly religious Protestant German teenagers? Answers to this question are provided from previous empirical surveys and from two qualitative studies among highly religious teenagers in Germany. The findings indicate, that other spiritual practices for young people today are more important as a source of faith than reading the Bible. The teenagers interviewed tend to seek an individual affective experience when reading the Bible, so that the importance of cognitive grasp of the content takes a back seat to personal experience.
Taxonomic notes on the genus Elaphromyia Bigot (Diptera: Tephritidae: Tephritinae: Pliomelaenini) in India, with description of a new species
Authors: DAVID K.J. , HANCOCK D.L. , SACHIN K. , RAMYA R.S. , RAMANI S.
Published: August 2021

A new species of Elaphromyia, E. juncta David, Hancock & Sachin, sp. n. is described from India. It can be differentiated from the morphologically similar E. siva Frey and E. pterocallaeformis (Bezzi) by the wing pattern, epandrial characters, morphology of spicules on the eversible membrane and spermathecal shape. Elaphromyia siva Frey and E. yunnanensis Wang are recorded for the first time from India. Records of E. pterocallaeformis (Bezzi) from southern India are regarded as misidentifications. A key to the 7 known non-African species is included.
Nonoperative Management of Blunt Hepatic Trauma: Comparison of Level I and II Trauma Centers
Authors: Lewis Meghan , Jakob Dominik A. , Benjamin Elizabeth R. , Wong Monica , Trust Marc D. , Demetriades Demetrios
Published: August 2021

Introduction

Most blunt liver injuries are treated with nonoperative management (NOM), and angiointervention (AI) has become a common adjunct. This study evaluated the use of AI, blood product utilization, pharmacological venous thromboembolic prophylaxis (VTEp), and outcomes in severe blunt liver trauma managed nonoperatively at level I versus II trauma centers.

Methods

American College of Surgeons Trauma Quality Improvement Program (TQIP) study (2013-2016), including adult patients with severe blunt liver injuries (AIS score>/= 3) treated with NOM, was conducted. Epidemiological and clinical characteristics, severity of liver injury (AIS), use of AI, blood product utilization, and VTEp were collected. Outcomes included survival, complications, failure of NOM, blood product utilization, and length of stay (LOS).

Results

Study included 2825 patients: 2230(78.9%) in level I and 595(21.1%) in level II centers. There was no difference in demographics, clinical presentation, or injury severity between centers. Angiointervention was used in 6.4% in level I and 7.2% in level II centers (P=.452). Level II centers were less likely to use LMWH for VTEp (.003). There was no difference in mortality or failure of NOM. In level II centers, there was a significantly higher 24-hour blood product utilization (PRBC P = .015 and platelets P = .002), longer ventilator days (P = .012), and longer ICU (P< .001) and hospital LOS (P = .024). The incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia was significantly higher in level II centers (P = .003).

Conclusion

Utilization of AI and NOM success rates is similar in level I and II centers. However, the early blood utilization, ventilator days, and VAP complications are significantly higher in level II centers.
Hydrogen sulfide occurrence states in China's coal seams
Authors: Yang Shengbo , Wang Haichao , Fu Xuehai , Tian Jijun , Zhao Fangyu , Wang Ze , Sun Pichen , Cao Yuzhao
Published: August 2021

The occurrence states of hydrogen sulfide in coal seams are crucial in preventing and controlling hydrogen sulfide emission in coal mines and the safe development of coal bed methane. In this study, the research status of the occurrence states of free-state, adsorbed-state, and water-soluble hydrogen sulfide in coal seams was systematically analyzed. H2S anomaly areas in China's coal seams are mainly located in the Carboniferous-Permian and Jurassic series of northern, eastern, central, and northwest regions of China. Bacterial sulfate reduction accounts for most of the hydrogen sulfide anomalies of low-rank coal, while thermochemical decomposition thermal desorption spectroscopy and thermochemical sulfate reduction may also result in hydrogen sulfide anomaly in medium- and high-rank coal. In contrast, magmatism-induced hydrogen sulfide anomalies are rarely found. Absorbed-state hydrogen sulfide anomalies are prevailing, while water-soluble and free-state hydrogen sulfide anomalies are relatively scarce. Coal seam's porosity mainly controls the hydrogen sulfide adsorption, pressure, coalification degree, pore volume, and specific area, while water-soluble hydrogen sulfide is influenced by pressure, sulfate-reducing bacteria, burn, porosity, fractures, water temperature, and hydrodynamic conditions. The fractures in coal seams, their burial depth, coal quality, coal rank, roof, and floor lithology are the main factors controlling the free-state hydrogen sulfide preservation. The absorbed-state hydrogen sulfide in coal seams is mainly mitigated by varying the ventilation mode, increasing the ventilation capacity, spraying alkali fog into the air, and injecting alkali liquid into coal seams for governance.
Repeat Eustachian Tube Balloon Dilation Outcomes in Adults With Chronic Eustachian Tube Dysfunction
Authors: Keschner David , Garg Rohit , Loch Randall , Luk Lauren Joelle
Published: August 2021

Objective

With increased focus on surgical management of the eustachian tube, clarifying management decisions benefits patients and surgeons. In this study, we examine the value of repeating the balloon dilation of the eustachian tube (BDET) procedure in patients who did not improve after the initial BDET.

Study Design

Level IV retrospective review of 145 BDETs performed on 86 patients between January 1, 2014, and May 1, 2019, identified 10 patients who underwent BDET more than once.

Setting

Managed care community otolaryngology practice.

Methods

Demographic and outcome data were collected on both single and repeat BDET cohorts.

Results

The Eustachian Tube Dysfunction Questionnaire 7 (ETDQ‐7) was used as the primary outcome measure when comparing single vs repeat BDET cohorts. Generally, the 2 cohorts were similar in terms of sex and age distribution. Tobacco use and radioallergosorbent test–positive results were greater proportionally in the repeat BDET cohort. Preoperative ETDQ‐7 scores were similar in both cohorts. Single BDET patients overall showed significant improvement in ETDQ‐7 scores. ETDQ‐7 scores for repeat BDET patients who did not improve after the first procedure similarly did not demonstrate improvement after the second procedure.

Conclusions

Inevitably, some patients will not improve after an initial BDET procedure. The utility of a repeated BDET procedure should be considered in determining how to manage such failures. The results of this limited study suggest that patients who fail to improve meaningfully on ETDQ‐7 scores after the initial procedure are unlikely to show substantial improvements after a repeated procedure.
Profiles of Emotional Disturbance Across the Five Characteristics of the Federal Definition
Authors: Lambert Matthew C. , Katsiyannis Antonis , Epstein Michael H. , Cullinan Douglas , Sointu Erkko
Published: August 2021

Ensuring the provision of a free, appropriate public education (FAPE) to students qualified for services under the disability category of emotional disturbance (ED) has been both challenging and controversial. Examining this population in light of the five characteristics listed in the federal definition may provide useful insights to address needs and improve outcomes. The purpose of this study was to use latent class analysis to examine profiles across the five characteristics of the federal definition of ED for a sample of 491 students school-identified with ED. Key findings include that (a) students with ED are a heterogeneous group with distinct and qualitatively different subgroups; (b) latent classes representing the severe problems and the externalizing problems typologies tended to consist of younger students; (c) greater proportions of Black, Hispanic, and English-language learner students were found in the severe and externalizing latent classes; and (d) students in the externalizing and severe latent classes spent more time in special education classrooms and had worse ratings on social maladjustment. The findings highlight important implications for practice in regard to assessment, program differentiation, and preservice teacher training. Research limitations and directions for future research are also discussed.