bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
How Green Transformational Leadership Affects Employee Individual Green Performance—A Multilevel Moderated Mediation Model
Authors: Ding Haoming , Su Wei , Hahn Juhee
Published: October 2023

Rapid economic growth puts the natural environment under tremendous pressure. As a traditional chemical company, it is important to reconsider outdated business development models, develop innovative green initiatives for long-term growth, and choose approaches to address environmental issues. Determining how to encourage employees’ green performance while balancing environmental issues is crucial for chemical companies in the current social and economic environment. This study investigates the green transformational leadership style to enhance green performance of chemical company employees. It expands the field of environmental protection by employing two novel constructs: creative process engagement and green creativity. We collected 623 valid questionnaires from 98 teams (98 leaders and 525 employees) and used SPSS 26.0, HLM 6.0, and MPlus 8.3 to test the hypothesis. The findings revealed that (1) green transformational leadership positively influences individual green performance, (2) creative process engagement and green creativity mediate the relationship between green transformational leadership and individual green performance, and (3) individual environmental awareness positively moderates the relationship between green transformational leadership and green creativity. These novel findings contribute to the environmental literature and help chemical company managers in enhancing employee innovation and performance.
Interplay Effect of Splenic Motion for Total Lymphoid Irradiation in Pediatric Proton Therapy
Authors: Ates Ozgur , Uh Jinsoo , Pirlepesov Fakhriddin , Hua Chia-ho , Triplett Brandon , Qudeimat Amr , Sharma Akshay , Merchant Thomas E. , Lucas John T.
Published: October 2023

(1) Background: The most significant cause of an unacceptable deviation from the planned dose during respiratory motion is the interplay effect. We examined the correlation between the magnitude of splenic motion and its impact on plan quality for total lymphoid irradiation (TLI); (2) Methods: Static and 4D CT images from ten patients were used for interplay effect simulations. Patients’ original plans were optimized based on the average CT extracted from the 4D CT and planned with two posterior beams using scenario-based optimization (±3 mm of setup and ±3% of range uncertainty) and gradient matching at the level of mid-spleen. Dynamically accumulated 4D doses (interplay effect dose) were calculated based on the time-dependent delivery sequence of radiation fluence across all phases of the 4D CT. Dose volume parameters for each simulated treatment delivery were evaluated for plan quality; (3) Results: Peak-to-peak splenic motion (≤12 mm) was measured from the 4D CT of ten patients. Interplay effect simulations revealed that the ITV coverage of the spleen remained within the protocol tolerance for splenic motion, ≤8 mm. The D100% coverage for ITV spleen decreased from 95.0% (nominal plan) to 89.3% with 10 mm and 87.2% with 12 mm of splenic motion; (4) Conclusions: 4D plan evaluation and robust optimization may overcome problems associated with respiratory motion in proton TLI treatments. Patient-specific respiratory motion evaluations are essential to confirming adequate dosimetric coverage when proton therapy is utilized.
Acceptability to Healthcare Professionals of Home-Based HPV Self-Sampling for Cervical Screening: A French Qualitative Study Conducted in an Area with Low Access to Health Services
Authors: Le Goff Johane , Le Duc-Banaszuk Anne-Sophie , Lefeuvre Caroline , Pivert Adeline , Ducancelle Alexandra , De Pauw Hélène , Arbyn Marc , Vinay Aubeline , Rexand-Galais Franck
Published: October 2023

Self-sampling may improve participation in cervical cancer secondary prevention programs by women who do not respond or respond irregularly when invited to contact a health professional for the collection of a cervical specimen. It could also help resolve access problems in areas with a low physician density. The present qualitative study examined barriers to screening, effective screening strategies, and the advantages and disadvantages of sending women urine or vaginal self-sampling kits in two medically underserved administrative departments in France (Mayenne and Sarthe) showing low cervical screening coverage. As part of the CapU4 randomized trial, a team of psychologists investigated the attitudes and experiences of 59 healthcare professionals (gynecologists, general practitioners, and midwives) through semi-structured interviews. Results indicated that health professionals believe that self-sampling may address the issues of low physician density and underscreening by removing logistical, organizational, financial, and psychological obstacles. They confirmed trust in the use of vaginal self-sampling, with urine self-sampling as an alternative solution (e.g., for women with vaginismus). The health professionals also identified several limitations of the self-sampling kit that will need to be addressed in future screening campaigns (incomplete kit, complex instructions, poor anatomical knowledge, and obesity).
Heat Shock Factor 1 Inhibition: A Novel Anti-Cancer Strategy with Promise for Precision Oncology
Authors: Gumilar Khanisyah Erza , Chin Yeh , Ibrahim Ibrahim Haruna , Tjokroprawiro Brahmana A. , Yang Jer-Yen , Zhou Ming , Gassman Natalie R. , Tan Ming
Published: October 2023

Heat shock factor 1 (HSF1) is a transcription factor crucial for regulating heat shock response (HSR), one of the significant cellular protective mechanisms. When cells are exposed to proteotoxic stress, HSF1 induces the expression of heat shock proteins (HSPs) to act as chaperones, correcting the protein-folding process and maintaining proteostasis. In addition to its role in HSR, HSF1 is overexpressed in multiple cancer cells, where its activation promotes malignancy and leads to poor prognosis. The mechanisms of HSF1-induced tumorigenesis are complex and involve diverse signaling pathways, dependent on cancer type. With its important roles in tumorigenesis and tumor progression, targeting HSF1 offers a novel cancer treatment strategy. In this article, we examine the basic function of HSF1 and its regulatory mechanisms, focus on the mechanisms involved in HSF1′s roles in different cancer types, and examine current HSF1 inhibitors as novel therapeutics to treat cancers.
ESR1 Gene Mutations and Liquid Biopsy in ER-Positive Breast Cancers: A Small Step Forward, a Giant Leap for Personalization of Endocrine Therapy?
Authors: Betz Margaux , Massard Vincent , Gilson Pauline , Witz Andréa , Dardare Julie , Harlé Alexandre , Merlin Jean-Louis
Published: October 2023

The predominant forms of breast cancer (BC) are hormone receptor-positive (HR+) tumors characterized by the expression of estrogen receptors (ERs) and/or progesterone receptors (PRs). Patients with HR+ tumors can benefit from endocrine therapy (ET). Three types of ET are approved for the treatment of HR+ BCs and include selective ER modulators, aromatase inhibitors, and selective ER downregulators. ET is the mainstay of adjuvant treatment in the early setting and the backbone of the first-line treatment in an advanced setting; however, the emergence of acquired resistance can lead to cancer recurrence or progression. The mechanisms of ET resistance are often related to the occurrence of mutations in the ESR1 gene, which encodes the ER-alpha protein. As ESR1 mutations are hardly detectable at diagnosis but are present in 30% to 40% of advanced BC (ABC) after treatment, the timeline of testing is crucial. To manage this resistance, ESR1 testing has recently been recommended; in ER+ HER2− ABC and circulating cell-free DNA, so-called liquid biopsy appears to be the most convenient way to detect the emergence of ESR1 mutations. Technically, several options exist, including Next Generation Sequencing and ultra-sensitive PCR-based techniques. In this context, personalization of ET through the surveillance of ESR1 mutations in the plasma of HR+ BC patients throughout the disease course represents an innovative way to improve the standard of care.
Sidedness-Dependent Prognostic Impact of Gene Alterations in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer in the Nationwide Cancer Genome Screening Project in Japan (SCRUM-Japan GI-SCREEN)
Authors: Kajiwara Takeshi , Nishina Tomohiro , Yamashita Riu , Nakamura Yoshiaki , Shiozawa Manabu , Yuki Satoshi , Taniguchi Hiroya , Hara Hiroki , Ohta Takashi , Esaki Taito , Shinozaki Eiji , Takashima Atsuo , Yamamoto Yoshiyuki , Yamazaki Kentaro , Yoshino Takayuki , Hyodo Ichinosuke
Published: October 2023

The treatment strategies and prognoses of patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC) differ according to the sidedness of the primary tumor. TP53 gain-of-function (GOF) and non-GOF variants have been reported to be differentially associated with prognosis by sidedness. We aimed to evaluate the sidedness-dependent prognostic impact of gene alterations in metastatic CRC. Patients enrolled between April 2017 and March 2019 were included in this study. Those excluded were individuals whose tumor tissues were obtained after chemotherapy and those who were enrolled in the study more than six months after starting first-line chemotherapy. Finally, we assessed 531 patients who underwent complete gene sequencing. The study revealed a significant difference in overall survival between individuals with left-sided CRC (n = 355) and right-sided colon cancer (CC) (n = 176) when considering the TP53 non-GOF variant, KRAS wild-type, NOTCH1 wild-type, NOTCH1 covariant, NOTCH3 sole variant, and MYC amplification. Multivariate analysis on each side revealed that the TP53 GOF and KRAS variants were independent poor prognostic factors for left-sided CRC (p = 0.03 and p < 0.01, respectively), and the TP53 non-GOF variant, BRAF V600E, and MYC amplification for right-sided CC (p < 0.05, p < 0.01, and p = 0.02, respectively). The NOTCH3 sole variant was an independent and favorable prognostic factor for left-sided CRC (p < 0.01). The prognostic significance of gene alterations differed between left-sided CRC and right-sided CC.
Radiological Biomarkers in MRI directed Rectal Cancer Radiotherapy Volume Delineation
Authors: Chan Wah Hak Charleen , Balyasnikova Svetlana , Withey Samuel , Tait Diana , Brown Gina , Chong Irene
Published: October 2023

Our study evaluated whether an MRI reporting system highlighting areas of contiguous and discontinuous extramural venous invasion (EMVI) can improve the accuracy of gross tumour volume (GTV) delineation. Initially, 27 consecutive patients with locally advanced rectal cancer treated between 2012 and 2014 were evaluated. We used an MRI reporting proforma that documented the position of the primary tumour, lymph nodes and EMVI. The new GTVs delineated were compared with historical radiotherapy treatment volumes to identify the frequency of GTV geographical miss. We observed that the delineation of involved nodes and areas of EMVI was more likely to represent sources of uncertainty wherein nodal GTV geographical miss was evident in 5 out of 27 patients (19%). Complete EMVI GTV geographical miss occurred in two patients (7%). We re-evaluated our radiotherapy practice in a further 27 patients after the implementation of a modified MRI reporting system. An improvement was seen; nodal miss was observed in two patients (7%) and partial EMVI miss in one patient (4%), although these areas were encompassed in the planning target volume (PTV). Our study shows that extramural venous invasion and involved nodes need to be highlighted on MRI to improve the accuracy of rectal cancer GTV delineation.
Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor-2 Gastric Adenocarcinoma: Expanding Therapy of a Recognized Target
Authors: Rogers Jane E. , Yamashita Kohei , Sewastjanow-Silva Matheus , Trail Allison , Waters Rebecca E. , Ajani Jaffer
Published: October 2023

Human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2) is a well-known cancer target. Many HER2-targeted agents are marketed and being investigated. Unfortunately, these therapies lack consistent responses and outcomes amongst different tumors. Questions remain as to why HER2 biology is different in different tumor types. Gastric adenocarcinomas (GACs) demonstrate both intra- and inter-tumor HER2 expression heterogeneity and show discordance amongst primary and metastatic disease sites. This creates barriers in determining HER2 agents’ effectiveness and contributes to the failure of some HER2-targeted agents in the treatment of HER2-positive advanced GACs. Trastuzumab deruxtecan, an antibody drug conjugate of trastuzumab with a topoisomerase inhibitor, was recently approved for the treatment of refractory HER2-positive advanced GAC patients. There are exciting and newer therapies under investigation. Examining resistance patterns (both adaptive and acquired) along with establishing a better understanding of the intra- and inter-tumor heterogeneity is necessary to ensure successful progress. Here we review the current status of HER2-targeted therapy in GACs. We additionally review newer therapies under investigation and their potential role in HER2 GACs.
Activity of Corrugator Muscle with Pressure Pain Stimulation in Healthy People
Authors: Yamada Takahiro , Yajima Hiroyoshi , Takayama Miho , Imanishi Konomi , Takakura Nobuari
Published: October 2023

Corrugator muscle activity with pressure pain stimulation has not yet been studied. We recorded corrugator muscle activity at rest and before, during and after pressure pain stimulation to the shoulder three times each in 14 healthy adults (20.0 ± 2.1 years of age (mean ± SD)) without pain using surface electromyography. Corrugator muscle activity with pressure pain and the relationships between corrugator muscle activity and pressure pain or unpleasantness intensity on a visual analogue scale measured three times were examined. The corrugator muscle activity during pressure pain stimulation was significantly higher than that before (p < 0.001) and after (p = 0.019) stimulation. There were significant differences among the three measurements examining reproducibility in pain (p = 0.037) and unpleasantness (p = 0.014) but not among corrugator muscle activities before (p = 0.526), during (p = 0.145) and after (p = 0.109) stimulation. Significant correlations were revealed for corrugator muscle activity vs. pain (ρ = 0.465, p = 0.002) and corrugator muscle activity vs. unpleasantness (ρ = 0.558, p < 0.001). Pressure pain increased corrugator muscle activity with reproducibility and correlated with subjective pain assessments, which indicates the utility of corrugator muscle activity as an objective indication of pain assessment.
A Dynamic Matrix for the Study of Free Vibrations of Thin Circular Cylindrical Shells under Different Boundary Conditions
Authors: Cammalleri Marco , Castellano Antonella
Published: October 2023

Although free vibrations of thin-walled cylinders have been extensively addressed in the relevant literature, finding a good balance between accuracy and simplicity of the procedures used for natural frequency assessment is still an open issue. This paper proposes a novel approach with a high potential for practical application for rapid esteem of natural frequencies of thin-walled cylinders under different boundary conditions. Starting from Donnell–Mushtari’s shell theory, the differential problem is simplified by using the principle of virtual work and introducing the flexural waveforms of a beam as constrained as the cylinder. Hence, the formulation is reduced to the eigenvalue problem of an equivalent 3 × 3 dynamic matrix, which depends on the cylinder geometry, material, and boundary conditions. Several comparisons with experimental, numerical, and analytical approaches are presented to prove model reliability and practical interest. An excellent balance between fast usability and accuracy is achieved. The user-friendliness of the model makes it suitable to be implemented during the design stage without requiring any deep knowledge of the topic.
Development of a Novel Implementation of a Remotely Piloted Aircraft System over 25 kg for Hyperspectral Payloads
Authors: Arroyo-Mora Juan Pablo , Kalacska Margaret , Lucanus Oliver , Laliberté René , Chen Yong , Gorman Janine , Marion Alexandra , Coulas Landen , Barber Hali , Borshchova Iryna , Soffer Raymond J. , Leblanc George , Lavigne Daniel , Girard Ludovic , Bérubé Martin
Published: October 2023

A main aspect limiting the operation of low-altitude remotely piloted aircraft systems (RPAS) over 25 kg, integrating pushbroom hyperspectral sensors, comes from the challenges related to aircraft performance (e.g., flight time) and regulatory aspects deterring the users from pushing beyond this weight limit. In this study, we showcase a novel implementation using the DJI Agras T30 as an aerial system for integrating an advanced hyperspectral imager (HSI, Hyspex VS-620). We present the design and fabrication approach applied to integrate the HSI payload, the key considerations for powering the HSI and its gimbal, and the results from vibration and wind tunnel tests. We also evaluate the system’s flight capacity and the HSI’s geometric and radiometric data qualities. The final weight of the T30 after the integration of the HSI payload and ancillary hardware was 43 kg. Our vibration test showed that the vibration isolator and the gimbal reduced the vibration transmission to above 15 Hz but also introduced a resonant peak at 9.6 Hz that led to vibration amplification in the low-frequency range near 9.6 Hz (on the order of an RMS of ~0.08 g). The wind tunnel test revealed that the system is stable up to nearly twice the wind speed rating of the manufacturer’s specifications (i.e., 8 m/s). Based on the requirements of the Canadian Special Flight Operations Certificate (RPAS > 25 kg) to land at a minimal battery level of ≥30%, the system was able to cover an area of ~2.25 ha at a speed of 3.7 m/s and an altitude of 100 m above ground level (AGL) in 7 min. The results with the HSI payload at different speeds and altitudes from 50 m to 100 m AGL show hyperspectral imagery with minimal roll–pitch–yaw artefacts prior to geocorrection and consistent spectra when compared to nominal reflectance targets. Finally, we discuss the steps followed to deal with the continuously evolving regulatory framework developed by Transport Canada for systems > 25 kg. Our work advances low-altitude HSI applications and encourages remote sensing scientists to take advantage of national regulatory frameworks, which ultimately improve the overall quality of HSI data and safety of operations with RPAS > 25 kg.
A Streamlined Framework of Metamorphic Malware Classification via Sampling and Parallel Processing
Authors: Lyu Jian , Xue Jingfeng , Han Weijie , Zhang Qian , Zhu Yufen
Published: October 2023

Nowadays, malware remains a significant threat to the current cyberspace. More seriously, malware authors frequently use metamorphic techniques to create numerous variants, which throws malware researchers a heavy burden. Being able to classify these metamorphic malware samples into their corresponding families could accelerate the malware analysis task efficiently. Based on our comprehensive analysis, these variants are usually implemented by making changes to their assembly instruction sequences to a certain extent. Motivated by this finding, we present a streamlined and efficient framework of malware family classification named MalSEF, which leverages sampling and parallel processing to efficiently and effectively classify the vast number of metamorphic malware variants. At first, it attenuates the complexity of feature engineering by extracting a small portion of representative samples from the entire dataset and establishing a simple feature vector based on the Opcode sequences; then, it generates the feature matrix and conducts the classification task in parallel with collaboration utilizing multiple cores and a proactive recommendation scheme. At last, its practicality is strengthened to cope with the large volume of diversified malware variants based on common computing platforms. Our comprehensive experiments conducted on the Kaggle malware dataset demonstrate that MalSEF achieves a classification accuracy of up to 98.53% and reduces time overhead by 37.60% compared to the serial processing procedure.
Ultra-Low-Temperature Refrigeration Systems: A Review and Performance Comparison of Refrigerants and Configurations
Authors: Saeed Muhammad Zahid , Contiero Luca , Blust Stefanie , Allouche Yosr , Hafner Armin , Eikevik Trygve Magne
Published: October 2023

During the last decade, many industrial and medical applications have shown a requirement for low-temperature-cooling usage (from −40 to −80 °C), which cannot be efficiently obtained via the conventional refrigeration systems usually employed for medium-temperature applications (from 0 to −40 °C). A proper ultra-low-temperature (ULT) refrigeration system design is essential to achieve the desired output. The performance can be maximised via the suitable selection of the configuration and refrigerant for a specific temperature range. This work contributes a detailed overview of the different systems and refrigerants used in ultra-low-temperature applications. Different systems, such as single-stage vapour compression, multi-stage, cascade, auto-cascade, and air refrigeration cycles, are presented and discussed. An energy analysis is then carried out for these systems identifying the optimal system design and refrigerant selection to achieve the highest performance. This paper aims to provide the reader with a comprehensive background through an exhaustive review of refrigeration systems suitable for ultra-low-temperature applications. The effectiveness of these systems is proven numerically, mainly based on the temperature level and purpose of the application.
Eco-Sustainable Energy Production in Healthcare: Trends and Challenges in Renewable Energy Systems
Authors: Mazzeo Domenico , Baglivo Cristina , Panico Simone , Manieri Matteo , Matera Nicoletta , Congedo Paolo Maria
Published: October 2023

The shift from fossil fuels to renewable energy systems represents a pivotal step toward the realization of a sustainable society. This study aims to analyze representative scientific literature on eco-sustainable energy production in the healthcare sector, particularly in hospitals. Given hospitals’ substantial electricity consumption, the adoption of renewable energy offers a reliable, low-CO2 emission solution. The COVID-19 pandemic has underscored the urgency for energy-efficient and environmentally-responsible approaches. This brief review analyzes the development of experimental, simulation, and optimization projects for sustainable energy production in healthcare facilities. The analysis reveals trends and challenges in renewable energy systems, offering valuable insights into the potential of eco-sustainable solutions in the healthcare sector. The findings indicate that hydrogen storage systems are consistently coupled with photovoltaic panels or solar collectors, but only 14% of the analyzed studies explore this potential within hospital settings. Hybrid renewable energy systems (HRES) could be used to meet the energy demands of healthcare centers and hospitals. However, the integration of HRES in hospitals and medical buildings is understudied.
Research on Q-Table Design for Maximum Power Point Tracking-Based Reinforcement Learning in PV Systems
Authors: Chen Yizhi , Lin Dingyi , Xu Fei , Li Xingshuo , Wang Wei , Ding Shuye
Published: October 2023

Photovoltaic (PV) power generation is considered to be a clean energy source. Solar modules suffer from nonlinear behavior, which makes the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) technique for efficient PV systems particularly important. Conventional MPPT techniques are easy to implement but require fine tuning of their fixed step size. Unlike conventional MPPT, the MPPT based on reinforcement learning (RL-MPPT) has the potential to self-learn to tune step size, which is more adaptable to changing environments. As one of the typical RL algorithms, the Q-learning algorithm can find the optimal control strategy through the learned experiences stored in a Q-table. Thus, as the cornerstone of this algorithm, the Q-table has a significant impact on control ability. In this paper, a novel Q-table of reinforcement learning is proposed to maximize tracking efficiency with improved Q-table update technology. The proposed method discards the traditional MPPT idea and makes full use of the inherent characteristics of the Q-learning algorithm such as its fast dynamic response and simple algorithm principle. By establishing six kinds of Q-tables based on the RL-MPPT method, the optimal discretized state of a photovoltaic system is found to make full use of the energy of the photovoltaic system and reduce power loss. Therefore, under the En50530 dynamic test standard, this work compares the simulation and experimental results and their tracking efficiency using six kinds of Q-table, individually.
Life Cycle Assessment of Poplar Biomass for High Value Products and Energy
Authors: Krzyżaniak Michał , Stolarski Mariusz J. , Warmiński Kazimierz , Rój Edward , Tyśkiewicz Katarzyna , Olba-Zięty Ewelina
Published: October 2023

The European Union has embarked on a European Green Deal programme that advocates for a transition from fossil fuels to sustainable production. Attempts are being made to identify biomass sources and bioproducts (pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, or biofuels) that do not compete significantly with food production and have a low environmental impact. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the environmental impact of the supercritical CO2 extraction of poplar biomass in a life cycle assessment (LCA). The production system was examined in a cradle-to-gate approach. In the analysed system, poplar biomass was extracted, and residual biomass was converted to pellets which were used to generate process heat. The functional unit was 1 kg of packaged extract. The results showed that the step of biomass extraction using S-CO2 (in subsystem II) made the greatest contribution to all but two impact categories, with contribution from 25.3% to 93.8% for land use and global warming categories, respectively. In contrast, the whole subsystem I (biomass production and logistics) had a low environmental impact. Heat generation from residual biomass led to a minor decrease in the system’s environmental impact. Greenhouse gases emission reached 440 kg of CO2 equivalents per 1 kg of the extract, and they were associated with high electricity consumption and steam production. Despite the application of residual biomass for heat generation, the overall environmental impacts, especially in terms of human health and ecosystem damage, remain significant, indicating the need for further optimisation and mitigation strategies in the production process. Moreover, the share of renewables in the energy mix supplied to biorefineries should mitigate the environmental impact of the extraction process.
Do Household Electricity Prices in European Union Countries Depend on the Energy Mix?
Authors: Przekota Grzegorz
Published: October 2023

In recent years, the international situation and requirements regarding carbon dioxide emissions have increased the production costs of electrical energy and, consequently, prices. The solution to the problem, and at the same time a contribution to improving the quality of the natural environment, is the promotion of renewable energy. The aim of the study was to determine the impact of the share of renewable energy in the energy mix and electricity consumption on household electricity prices. The study was based on data for the EU and Norway for the years 2011–2021. The data have been extracted from the Eurostat database. Multilevel modelling and a correlation analysis were used. It turns out that the situation in the countries covered by the study is different. There are significant differences in electricity prices, consumption and the share of renewable energy in the countries of the EU. The common trend observed is an increase in the share of renewable energy in the energy mix, from 18.6% to 26.3% on average over a decade. Moreover, an increase in the share of renewable energy does not mean a decrease in prices, which increased by approximately 20%.
Value-Stream Mapping as a Tool to Improve Production and Energy Consumption: A Case Study of a Manufacturer of Industrial Hand Tools
Authors: Salwin Mariusz , Pszczółkowska Karolina , Pałęga Michał , Kraslawski Andrzej
Published: October 2023

Manufacturing companies strive to minimize costs, maximize efficiency and improve production quality, which is crucial for market competitiveness. As companies grow and technologies evolve, increasingly complex challenges arise in effectively managing and improving production processes. One of the tools that helps companies improve their processes is value-stream mapping (VSM). The article focuses on the use of VSM in the production process of hand tools used in the construction industry. The paper presents selected aspects of the optimization of the production process using the mapping concept. The research identified and characterized the most important processes occurring in the production of hand tools used in construction. Then, basic data on the value stream was collected and the need for improvements and actions aimed at optimizing the value stream was indicated. Financial results, key performance indicators (KPIs), machine operation and reliability, energy consumption in the production process and overall equipment effectiveness (OEE) before and after improvements were calculated. The analysis carried out allowed for the optimization of the production process in terms of economy and energy consumption. As a result of the improvements, the productivity of injection-molding workers increased by 9.4% and the overall equipment efficiency by 18%. The machine availability rate increased from 70.3% to 85.2%. After implementing the improvements, the company is able to save approximately 295,488 kWh annually, i.e., approximately EUR 53,253, while 1 kWh currently costs producers in Poland EUR 0.18. The conclusions and results described in the paper constitute a solid basis for further development of an improvement project for the selected company.
Energy Transitions in Yunnan Province Based on Production Function Theory
Authors: Peng Meng , Tan Li , Li Huan , Wu Jin , Ma Tao , Xu Hongzhang , Xu Jiayu , Zhao Weidong , Hao Jiming
Published: October 2023

Yunnan is rich in renewable energy resources. An understanding of its energy structure and developmental trajectories would assist in enabling the design of suitable decarbonizing pathways and how to fit into the national 30–60 agenda. Drawing from endogenous growth theory and time series analysis, our study employs comparative functions and scenario assessments to predict the changes in the key economic indicators, such as GDP, industrial structure shifts, population, and urbanization rates, during the low-carbon transition. We further show energy structure patterns and intensity trends using regression-modeling and data-fitting methods. Based on our analyses, we project that by 2035, Yunnan’s GDP will grow to CNY 5.4761 trillion, with secondary and tertiary industries contributing 88.8%. The population is estimated to grow to 52.08 million with an urbanization rate of 70%. Moreover, fossil fuel energy consumption is forecasted to diminish to 38.7%, and energy consumption intensity is projected to be reduced to 0.38 tons of standard coal per CNY 10,000. If these metrics follow the inherent endogenous growth trend, Yunnan’s emissions are forecasted to peak at around 220 million tons of CO2 by 2030. These findings not only provide a data foundation for Yunnan’s low-carbon development goals but also illuminate pathways for regions rich in renewable resources to transition towards sustainable growth, emphasizing the harmony between advancement and environmental stewardship.
Numerical Study on Cavitating Flow-Induced Pressure Fluctuations in a Gerotor Pump
Authors: Zhou Peijian , Cui Jiayi , Xiao Gang , Xiang Chun , Dai Jiacheng , Zheng Shuihua
Published: October 2023

Using the RNG k-ε turbulence model and a full cavitation model, this study numerically simulated cavitating flow-induced pressure fluctuations in a gerotor pump and analyzed the relationship between cavitating flow and pressure fluctuations. The results demonstrate that, as the inlet pressure decreases, the cavitation phenomenon in the gerotor pump intensifies, and the cavitation range in the rotor increases. Some of the vapor even spreads into the oil inlet groove, leading to high vapor content in the chamber that is in contact with the oil inlet groove. The pressure fluctuation characteristics of the flow field in the pump exhibit evident periodic changes. Under different cavitation conditions, the pressure fluctuation amplitude at the monitoring point decreases with increasing inlet pressure, whereas the main frequency of pressure fluctuation remains unaffected by cavitation conditions. The pressure fluctuation amplitude is the strongest at point O1 of demarcation between the low-pressure and high-pressure zones in the chamber, and the volume between the oil inlet groove and the oil outlet groove serves as the main vibration source in the rotor pump. To ensure the stable and efficient operation of the gerotor pump, it is recommended to operate it at a larger NPSH.
Chemical Thinning and Fisheye Clip for Managing Light Intensity in the Understory of Forest Restoration
Authors: Barros André Junqueira , Loiola Priscilla de Paula , Viani Ricardo Augusto Gorne
Published: October 2023

Research highlights: Tropical forest restoration can be supported by the production of timber species in their understory. While they may appear at odds, they can be reconciled to promote environmental conservation and services. The lack of information on the management of tropical species causes a technical constraint for timber production in the understory of restoration sites, especially given the light restrictions. This issue could be amended with the development of methods to easily manage and estimate light availability, targeting management practices that balance restoration success and productivity. Materials and Methods: We conducted this study in an area within the Atlantic Forest, Brazil, where we tested the efficiency of chemical thinning to increase light availability in the understory of a five-year-old restoration planting, aiming to increase the growth rates of desirable timber species. Moreover, we tested the viability of using hemispherical photography taken with a smartphone to assess light incidence to assist restoration management practices. We calculated the percentage of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) using a ceptometer in four different thinning intensities and compared them to the smartphone measures using correlation analysis. Results: Chemical thinning increased light incidence in the understory, with potential impacts on timber species productivity. Light management through PAR and canopy opening were highly correlated overall, especially after three months of management and 60% of thinning intensity. Conclusions: These findings demonstrate the potential for chemical thinning as a management practice to enhance light availability in the understory of tropical forest restoration sites. Additionally, our study highlights the value of using affordable and accessible tools like smartphones and fisheye clips for the indirect assessment of light conditions to promote natural regeneration and guide forest management and timber production in tropical forest restoration.
Rapid Detection of Phytophthora cambivora Using Recombinase Polymerase Amplification Combined with CRISPR/Cas12a
Authors: Zhou Jing , Dai Hanqian , Dai Tingting , Liu Tingli
Published: October 2023

Phytophthora cambivora is a major quarantine pathogen that devastates economically important plants across the globe. P. cambivora causes ink disease in chestnut trees and root and stem rot in various fruit trees, resulting in significant yield reductions and plant death. Given the potential dangers of P. cambivora, effective detection methods are needed for both disease management and prevention. In this study, based on the whole-genome screening of specific target genes, a combination of the recombinase polymerase amplification technique (RPA) and CRISPR/Cas12 was established to detect P. cambivora. The RPA-CRISPR/Cas12a assay was able to specifically detect 7 target isolates of P. cambivora but did not detect the following 68 non-target isolates, including 28 isolates of Phytophthora, 3 isolates of Pythium, 3 isolates of Phytopythium, 32 isolates of fungi, and 2 isolates of Bursaphelenchus. The RPA-CRISPR/Cas12a detection method was able to detect 10 pg·μL−1 of P. cambivora genomic DNA at 37 °C within a short time span (60 min). Additionally, this method can identify the presence of P. cambivora in artificially inoculated apple fruits. In summary, compared with conventional detection techniques, the RPA-CRISPR/Cas12a detection method eliminates the need for expensive instruments, long reaction times, and high amounts of raw materials and can detect P. cambivora in imported plants at entry ports, enabling instant prevention and detection.
Flashover in Aircraft Cargo Compartment at Different Pressures: Experimental and Modeling Study
Authors: Li Mengling , Chen Yinglong , Zhao Yudie , Wang Jingdong
Published: October 2023

The increasing incidence of aircraft cargo compartment fires in recent years has caused heavy losses and drawn attention to understanding the combustion process, especially under low pressure. The present paper aims at exploring the conditions of flashover at different pressures. Experiments were conducted in Guanghan (96 kPa) and Kangding (60 kPa), which are located at different altitudes. Five different sizes of pool fires were tested and smoke temperature and heat flux were measured for flashover criteria analysis. Corresponding simulations were performed using a commercial software FDS to examine the pressure effect on the flashover phenomenon and to validate the simulation results. The critical conditions for the onset of flashover in a 1/4 MPS compartment were found to be (1) an average upper layer temperature of about 450 °C at 96 kPa or about 550 °C at 60 kPa, and (2) radiant heat flux at floor level of about 10 to 15 kW/m2 at 96 kPa or 20 to 25 kW/m2 at 60 kPa. By using the average upper layer temperature as a criterion in modeling, a relatively accurate prediction of flashover onset time could be obtained at 96 kPa and a delay of about 25 s was found at 60 kPa.
Reconstruction Method of 3D Turbulent Flames by Background-Oriented Schlieren Tomography and Analysis of Time Asynchrony
Authors: Gao Peng , Zhang Yue , Yu Xiaoxiao , Dong Shikui , Chen Qixiang , Yuan Yuan
Published: October 2023

Background-oriented Schlieren tomography (BOST) is widely used for 3D reconstruction of turbulent flames. Two major concerns are associated with 3D reconstruction. One is the time asynchrony within the data acquisition of the high-speed camera. The other is that the ray tracing process requires significant computational consumption. This study proposes a ray tracing optimization method based on the k-d tree. The study results show that the average search nodes for each ray are only 0.018% of 3D flame with 3.07 million grid nodes. In addition, a parameter estimation method of the unknown azimuth power spectrum function is proposed. First, a typical Sandia turbulent jet diffusion flame dataset was built and validated accordingly, with experiments. The algorithm’s applicability to the 3D reconstruction of temperature and density fields is discussed on this basis. The root-mean-square error (RMSE) of the cross-section density for 3D reconstruction is below 0.1 kg/m3. In addition, the RMSE of the cross-section temperature is below 270 K. Finally, an uncertainty analysis of the flame reconstruction based on a physical model is performed by optimizing the ray tracing method. For the time asynchronous variance of 1 ms, the density uncertainty of the 3D reconstruction is below 1.6 × 10−2 kg/m3, and the temperature uncertainty is below 70 K. The method can provide an essential basis for the design of BOST systems and the 3D reconstruction of turbulent flames.
Optimal Control for Neutral Stochastic Integrodifferential Equations with Infinite Delay Driven by Poisson Jumps and Rosenblatt Process
Authors: Chalishajar Dimplekumar , Kasinathan Ramkumar , Kasinathan Ravikumar
Published: October 2023

In this paper, we investigate the optimal control problems for a class of neutral stochastic integrodifferential equations (NSIDEs) with infinite delay driven by Poisson jumps and the Rosenblat process in Hilbert space involving concrete-fading memory-phase space, in which we define the advanced phase space for infinite delay for the stochastic process. First, we introduce conditions that ensure the existence and uniqueness of mild solutions using stochastic analysis theory, successive approximation, and Grimmer’s resolvent operator theory. Next, we prove exponential stability, which includes mean square exponential stability, and this especially includes the exponential stability of solutions and their maps. Following that, we discuss the existence requirements of an optimal pair of systems governed by stochastic partial integrodifferential equations with infinite delay. Then, we explore examples that illustrate the potential of the main result, mainly in the heat equation, filter system, traffic signal light systems, and the biological processes in the human body. We conclude with a numerical simulation of the system studied. This work is a unique combination of the theory with practical examples and a numerical simulation.
Genotypic and Allelic Frequencies of GJB2 Variants and Features of Hearing Phenotypes in the Chinese Population of the Dongfeng-Tongji Cohort
Authors: Yuan Lanlai , Wang Xiaohui , Liu Xiaozhou , Chen Sen , Kong Weijia , He Meian , Sun Yu
Published: October 2023

Background: This study aimed to describe the distribution of the genotype and allele frequencies of GJB2 variants in the Chinese population of the Dongfeng Tongji cohort and to analyze the features of the hearing phenotype. Methods: We used data from 9910 participants in the Dongfeng Tongji cohort in 2013 and selected nine GJB2 variants. Pure tone audiometry was employed to measure hearing. Differences in genotype and allele frequencies were analyzed via chi-squared test or Fisher’s exact test. Results: Of the 9910 participants, 5742 had hearing loss. The genotype frequency of the GJB2 variant c.109G>A was statistically significantly distributed between the normal and impaired hearing groups, but not for the variant c.235delC. A higher frequency of the c.109G>A homozygous genotype was found in the hearing loss group (0.5%) than in the normal hearing group (0.1%). Patients with c.109G>A and c.235delC homozygous mutations exhibited varying degrees of hearing loss, mainly presenting sloping and flat audiogram shapes. Conclusions: A significant difference was found in the genotype frequency of the GJB2 variant c.109G>A between the case and control groups, but not in that of the variant c.235delC. Different degrees of hearing loss and various audiogram shapes were observed in patients with c.109G>A and c.235delC homozygous mutations.
Response of the Propylea japonica Microbiota to Treatment with Cry1B Protein
Authors: Diao Fengchao , Li Yarong , Gao Xueke , Luo Junyu , Zhu Xiangzhen , Wang Li , Zhang Kaixin , Li Dongyang , Ji Jichao , Cui Jinjie
Published: October 2023

Propylea japonica (Thunberg) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) is a dominant natural enemy of insect pests in farmland ecosystems. It also serves as an important non-target insect for environmental safety evaluations of transgenic crops. Widespread planting of transgenic crops may result in direct or indirect exposure of P. japonica to recombinant Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) protein, which may in turn affect the biological performance of this natural enemy by affecting the P. japonica microflora. However, the effects of Bt proteins (such as Cry1B) on the P. japonica microbiota are currently unclear. Here, we used a high-throughput sequencing method to investigate differences in the P. japonica microbiota resulting from treatment with Cry1B compared to a sucrose control. The results demonstrated that the P. japonica microbiome was dominated by Firmicutes at the phylum level and by Staphylococcus at the genus level. Within-sample (α) diversity indices demonstrated a high degree of consistency between the microbial communities of P. japonica treated with the sucrose control and those treated with 0.25 or 0.5 mg/mL Cry1B. Furthermore, there were no significant differences in the abundance of any taxa after treatment with 0.25 mg/mL Cry1B for 24 or 48 h, and treatment with 0.5 mg/mL Cry1B for 24 or 48 h led to changes only in Staphylococcus, a member of the phylum Firmicutes. Treatment with a high Cry1B concentration (1.0 mg/mL) for 24 or 48 h caused significant changes in the abundance of specific taxa (e.g., Gemmatimonades, Patescibacteria, Thauera, and Microbacterium). However, compared with the control, most taxa remained unchanged. The statistically significant differences may have been due to the stimulatory effects of treatment with a high concentration of Cry1B. Overall, the results showed that Cry1B protein could alter endophytic bacterial community abundance, but not composition, in P. japonica. The effects of Bt proteins on endophytes and other parameters in non-target insects require further study. This study provides data support for the safety evaluation of transgenic plants.
Recent Advances in Mechanisms Underlying Defense Responses of Horticultural Crops to Botrytis cinerea
Authors: Li Rui , Cheng Yulin
Published: October 2023

Horticultural crops are a crucial component of agriculture worldwide and have great economic value. The notorious plant fungal pathogen Botrytis cinerea can cause gray mold disease in over 200 horticultural crops, leading to severe economic losses. Investigating the mechanisms underlying plant defense responses to pathogens is crucial for developing new strategies for effectively controlling plant diseases, and much progress has occurred in the mechanisms underlying defense responses of horticultural crops to B. cinerea mainly due to the completion of genome sequencing and the establishment of efficient tools for functional genomics. In this review, recent progress in mechanisms underlying defense responses and natural products that can enhance the resistance of horticultural crops to B. cinerea are summarized, and future research directions are also discussed.
Murine Typhus: A Review of a Reemerging Flea-Borne Rickettsiosis with Potential for Neurologic Manifestations and Sequalae
Authors: Blanton Lucas S.
Published: October 2023

Murine typhus is an acute febrile illness caused by Rickettsia typhi, an obligately intracellular Gram-negative coccobacillus. Rats (Rattus species) and their fleas (Xenopsylla cheopis) serve as the reservoir and vector of R. typhi, respectively. Humans become infected when R. typhi-infected flea feces are rubbed into flea bite wounds or onto mucous membranes. The disease is endemic throughout much of the world, especially in tropical and subtropical seaboard regions where rats are common. Murine typhus is reemerging as an important cause of febrile illness in Texas and Southern California, where an alternate transmission cycle likely involves opossums (Didelphis virginiana) and cat fleas (Ctenocephalides felis). Although primarily an undifferentiated febrile illness, a range of neurologic manifestations may occur, especially when treatment is delayed. Serology is the mainstay of diagnostic testing, but confirmation usually requires demonstrating seroconversion or a fourfold increase in antibody titer from acute- and convalescent-phase sera (antibodies are seldom detectable in the first week of illness). Thus, early empiric treatment with doxycycline, the drug of choice, is imperative. The purpose of this review is to highlight murine typhus as an important emerging and reemerging infectious disease, review its neurologic manifestations, and discuss areas in need of further study.