bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
When do people accept government paternalism? Theory and experimental evidence
Authors: Treger Clareta
Published: October 2021

Under what conditions are people willing to accept paternalistic government policies? The use of libertarian paternalism (“nudges”) has gained popularity and captured the attention of scholars and policy‐makers alike. A central underlying assumption in advancing governmental nudges is that the public prefers them over classic paternalistic policies, which, unlike nudges, are coercive. This paper studies the extent and circumstances under which this assumption is justified, arguing that the claim for the preeminence of nudges is overstated. I develop a theoretical framework to account for the conditions under which people prefer coercive and non‐coercive paternalism, and test it experimentally among a national U.S. sample. I find that in certain theoretically predictable contexts, individuals not only tolerate, but even prefer coercive paternalism over nudges. These attitudes are systematically explained through the interaction between the coercion level and policy domain in question.
Carbon pricing and decoupling between greenhouse gas emissions and economic growth: A panel study of 29 European countries, 1996–2014
Authors: Ko Inhwan , Lee Taedong
Published: October 2021

This study explores why the levels of decoupling between greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and economic growth vary across time and countries by examining to which extent carbon pricing instruments are driving this decoupling. We expect that the implementation of carbon pricing instruments facilitates decoupling, as they are designed to achieve cost‐efficient GHG reduction. We analyze a panel data of 29 European countries between 1996 and 2014 to examine the relationships between two carbon pricing instruments (emission trading (ETS) and carbon tax) and emission intensity (GHG emissions per unit of GDP) which we use to measure decoupling trends. Results from two‐way fixed effects models show that emission trading contributes to decoupling, whereas our evidence does not support the role of carbon tax. Furthermore, emission trading is negatively associated with both emission intensity and GHG emissions, implying that it contributes to strong decoupling. Using coarsened exact matching (CEM), our results suggest that even a single emission trading policy (e.g., EU‐ETS) across different jurisdictions may render a heterogeneous effect on decoupling depending on their socioeconomic conditions.
Geographic politics, loss aversion and trade policy: The case of cotton in China
Authors: Yan Wenshou , Huang Kaixing
Published: October 2021

This paper seeks to explain how China's trade policy responses to world price fluctuations by considering the role of loss aversion and reference dependence. In order to analyse the effect of loss aversion on trade distortion in one‐party dominated countries where monetary contribution may not be feasible, we modify the model of Freund and Özden (American Economic Review, 2008, 98, 1675) to obtain a model in which loss aversion no longer works through monetary contribution but through political supports from politically sensitive groups. We then test the theoretical predictions by using data from China's cotton sector. The modified theoretical model predicts that loss aversion and reference dependence still have effects on the trade distortion in countries where monetary contribution may not be feasible and that the trade distortions are higher (lower) when the world price is lower (higher) than the targeted domestic reference price, which measures reference dependence. Our empirical evidence from China's cotton sector supports these theoretical predictions.
MRI diagnosis of spontaneous intraventricular tension‐pneumocephalus in a 10‐month‐old male Saarloos Wolfdog
Authors: Kohl Stefan , Köhler Claudia , Kiefer Ingmar
Published: October 2021

A 10‐month‐old male Saarloos Wolfdog was presented with a history of multiple neurologic deficits that had acutely progressed. Neurologic examination findings localized signs to the cerebrum and brainstem. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed markedly enlarged and gas‐filled lateral ventricles with a mass effect leading to cerebellar herniation. A right‐sided defect of the cribriform plate with a dysplastic ethmoturbinate was identified as the inlet of air and origin of the intraventricular tension pneumocephalus. Surgical findings were consistent with a ruptured, congenital, nasal meningocele.
“Deep Vulnerability”: Identifying the Structural Dimensions of Climate Vulnerability through Qualitative Research in Argentina, Canada, and Colombia
Authors: Fletcher Amber J. , Mussetta Paula C. , Turbay Sandra , Acevedo Mejía Erika Cristina
Published: October 2021

Extreme climate events are becoming more frequent and severe due to climate change. Vulnerability to extremes is the result of three components: exposure to hazards, sensitivity of the system, and capacity to adapt. A large-scale qualitative study of rural vulnerability to climate extremes in Argentina, Canada, and Colombia demonstrates the political-economic root causes of vulnerability in each context. Structural causes are difficult to identify using quantitative indices and deductive metrics alone, but qualitative approaches can help identify key drivers of vulnerability at a deeper level. Technology and diversification are insufficient to address such structural or “deep” vulnerability.
Valoración del potencial turístico del paisaje en el municipio Isidro Fabela, México
Authors: García-Romero Arturo , Gutiérrez - López Dalia Margarita , García-Sánchez Laeticia Azucena , Méndez - Méndez Alberto , Santos - Olmo Manuel Antonio Serrano de la Cruz
Published: October 2021

Se aplica un método para evaluar el potencial turístico del paisaje en un área rural próxima a la Ciudad de México. El método se basa en la aplicación de indicadores para valorar la calidad de los atractivos turísticos e integrarla como valor añadido al potencial turístico de los paisajes. Se identificaron dos tipos de paisaje, cuyo potencial se fundamenta en la diversidad y calidad de sus recursos biofísicos, y en la distribución de 22 atractivos turísticos, 8 de los cuales son de calidad media y claves para impulsar el turismo en un sector más amplio de la comunidad. Los resultados destacan la importancia de la relación paisaje-turismo en la planificación de proyectos turísticos.
Performance Assessment of Different Turbulence Models for a Dual Jet Flowing Over a Heated Sinusoidal Wavy Surface
Authors: Singh Tej Pratap , Dewan Anupam
Published: October 2021

An enhancement in heat transfer is the key objective in any thermal system where an efficient cooling is needed. This requirement becomes more important for turbulent flow. A turbulent dual jet is associated with entrainment and mixing processes in several applications. This article aims at enhancing the heat transfer rate by utilizing the wavy surface of a heated plate. Heat transfer and flow characteristics are studied using five low Reynolds-Averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) turbulence models, namely, Yang and Shih k − ɛ (YS), Launder and Sharma k − ɛ (LS), realizable k − ɛ, renormalization group k − ɛ (RNG), and shear-stress transport k − ω (SST) models. The amplitude of the wavy surface is varied from 0.1 to 0.8 for the number of cycles fixed to 7. The Reynolds number and offset ratio are set to 15,000 and 3, respectively. An isothermal wall condition is used at the wavy wall. An experimental validation has been performed. An enhancement of 55.94% in heat transfer is achieved by the RNG k − ɛ model. Furthermore, it is noticed that the YS model fails to predict the flow separation as the amplitude of the sinusoidal wavy surface increases. However, the SST model reveals that the flow separates when the amplitude increases beyond 0.6. The thermal hydraulic performance (THP) is found to increase for the RNG model by approximately 13.9% for the maximum amplitude considered. As the profiles of the bottom walls change, various turbulence models predict different fluid flow characteristics.
In-Situ Thermal Bridge Evaluation of a Building Using Bayesian Inference With Measured Infrared Thermography
Authors: Kang Eunho , Kim Dongsu , Lee Hyomoon , Yoon Jongho
Published: October 2021

Useful thermal bridge performance indicators (ITBs) of existing buildings may differ from calculated thermal bridge performance derived theoretically due to actual construction conditions, such as irregular shapes and aging. To fill this gap practically, a more realistic quantitative evaluation of thermal bridge on-site needs to be considered to identify thermal behaviors throughout exterior walls and thus improve the overall insulation performance of buildings. In this study, a case study is conducted using an infrared thermal imaging method to evaluate the thermal bridge of an existing building practically. The study's main purpose is to review the thermal bridge performance indicators measured by the steady-state model under field conditions in terms of convergence and uncertainty. Bayesian Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) is used to examine the validity of the results by deriving evaluation results in the form of distribution, including uncertainty. After the measurement was completed, an analysis of the results was conducted. As a result of measurement for 3 days, it was found that the thermal bridge part had 1.221 times more heat loss than the non-thermal bridge part, which showed a 6.7% deviation from the numerical method. However, the uncertainty was 0.225 (18.4%, CI 95%), a large figure. This is due to the influence of field conditions and shows the limitations of the steady-state measurement model. Regarding the convergence of the results, the measurement results were found to converge continuously as the measurement time increased. This suggests that valid results can be obtained in the field if the measurement is performed for a sufficient time, even with a thermal bridge measurement method assuming a steady-state.
Trade-Off Study on Economy and Environmental Aspects of a Dual-Fuel Diesel Engine Using Diesel Additive and Producer Gas
Authors: Nayak Chandrakanta , Pattanaik Bhabani Prasanna , Panda Jibitesh Kumar
Published: October 2021

Experiments are performed on a diesel engine working in a single-fuel mode using fossil diesel (FD) as well as 5% and 10% (v/v) di-ethyl ether (DEE) additives with FD as fuels as well as in dual-fuel mode using the aforementioned fuels as pilot fuels along with producer gas (PG) as a primary fuel. This study aims to draw comparative analyses of engine combustion, performance, and emission characteristics using the aforementioned fuel combinations to establish the most suitable fuel strategy for a diesel engine. The study revealed greater control over nitric oxide (NO) and smoke opacity in dual-fuel mode compared to single-fuel mode operations. The addition of DEE with FD produced lower hydrocarbon (HC) and carbon monoxide (CO) emissions and comparable NO emissions along with reduced smoke opacity compared to FD in both modes of operation. Furthermore, in a dual-fuel mode operation, the diesel percentage energy substitution (PES) reduced with an increase in the DEE content in the blends. The trade-off study involving engine performance and emissions with respect to the cost of operation revealed that the fuel strategy used in dual-fuel mode operation delivered better engine performance along with reduced NO emission and smoke opacity at lower operational cost compared to all the considered fuel strategy in single-fuel mode operation. Especially, FD + 5% DEE + PG and FD + 10% DEE + PG fuel strategies were found to be the most suitable dual-fuel mode combinations in a diesel engine in terms of their superior engine performance and lower emissions along with better economy.
Consensus on Operating Practices for the Control of Feedwater and Boiler Water Chemistry in Industrial and Institutional Boilers
Authors:   ASME Committee
Published: October 2021

The Water Technology Subcommittee of the ASME Research and Technology Committee on Water and Steam in Thermal Systems, under the leadership of Mr. Robert D. Bartholomew has revised the Consensus on Operating Practices for the Control of Feedwater Boiler Water Chemistry in Modern Industrial Boilers, first published in 1979 with prior revisions published in 1994 and 1998. The task group consisted of a cross section of manufacturers, operators, chemical treatment contractors and consultants involved in the fabrication and operation of industrial and institutional boilers. Members of this group are listed in the acknowledgments.

This current document is an expansion and revision of the original, with reordered and modified texts where considered necessary. While significant revisions have been incorporated, it is recognized that there are areas of operating practice not addressed herein. Additional information is available from the references. It is the plan of the ASME Research Committee to continue to review this information, and revise and reissue this document as necessary to comply with advances in boiler design and water conditioning technology.
Tables of Suggested Water Chemistry Targets
Authors:   ASME Committee
Published: October 2021

Tables of Suggested Water Chemistry Targets.
High-pressure cell to study the catalytic behavior of bulk samples and surface deposited mass-selected nanoclusters at atmospheric conditions
Authors: Baranyai Julian , Neuberger Florian , Schmidt Torben , Schäfer Rolf
Published: October 2021

A high-pressure reaction cell was developed to study the catalytic activity of supported subnanometer catalysts under atmospheric conditions. With the help of a capillary, the gas composition in the vicinity of the catalyst surface can be analyzed. First, the mean residence time of the gaseous components in the capillary was determined. The dependence of the partial pressures of the reactants on the vertical distance between the capillary and the catalyst was then characterized with the aid of a polycrystalline Pt sample. A Pt(111) surface was then used to validate the experimental setup concerning the CO oxidation under oxygen-rich conditions at a total pressure of 1000 mbar. The partial orders of reaction for CO and O2 agree with values from the literature. The change in the reaction mechanism, which was also described in the literature, could be observed from the temperature-dependent investigation of the CO oxidation. The obtained turn-over frequency and the activation energy at about 660 K agree well with the values obtained in the high-pressure CO oxidation studied in a batch reactor. The efficiency of the experimental setup is demonstrated by examining supported Pt10 clusters since the site density was reduced by a factor of 15 compared to the bulk samples. Taking the Pt site density into account, the sample with the decamers is approximately 5–6 times more active than the Pt(111) surface at a temperature of 673 K. Accordingly, the activation energy for the CO oxidation of 106 kJ mol−1 significantly decreased compared to the value of 132 kJ mol−1 for Pt(111). This finally proves that the high-pressure cell enables the systematic investigation of the size-dependent catalytic behavior of nanoclusters with low degrees of coverage in the future.
Computational modeling investigation of pulsed high peak power microwaves and the potential for traumatic brain injury
Authors: Dagro Amy M. , Wilkerson Justin W. , Thomas Thaddeus P. , Kalinosky Benjamin T. , Payne Jason A.
Published: October 2021

Simulations show that extremely high-powered microwave pulses can cause potentially injurious intracranial stresses.
In vivo rate-determining steps of tau seed accumulation in Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Meisl Georg , Hidari Eric , Allinson Kieren , Rittman Timothy , DeVos Sarah L. , Sanchez Justin S. , Xu Catherine K. , Duff Karen E. , Johnson Keith A. , Rowe James B. , Hyman Bradley T. , Knowles Tuomas P. J. , Klenerman David
Published: October 2021

Local replication doubles the number of tau aggregate in Alzheimer’s disease only once every 5 years, limiting the overall rate.
New horizons in microparticle forensics: Actinide imaging and detection of
238
Pu and
242m
Am in hot particles
Authors: Bosco Hauke , Hamann Linda , Kneip Nina , Raiwa Manuel , Weiss Martin , Wendt Klaus , Walther Clemens
Published: October 2021

Quasi non-desctructive actinide isotope detection and imaging on the 100nm scale advances single particle nuclear forensics.
Magnon-phonon hybridization in 2D antiferromagnet MnPSe
3
Authors: Mai Thuc T. , Garrity Kevin F. , McCreary Amber , Argo Joshua , Simpson Jeffrey R. , Doan-Nguyen Vicky , Aguilar Rolando Valdés , Walker Angela R. Hight
Published: October 2021

Strong hybridization of two-magnon scattering with phonons is observed in 2D antiferromagnet MnPSe
3
.
Priorities for child health research across the UK and Ireland
Authors: Cathie Katrina , Sutcliffe Alastair G , Bandi Srini , Coghlan David , Turner Stephen W , Powell Colin
Published: October 2021

Background

The General and Adolescent Paediatric Research Network in the UK and Ireland (GAPRUKI) was established in 2016. The aims of GAPRUKI are to unite general paediatricians around the UK and Ireland, to develop research ideas and protocols, and facilitate delivery of multicentre research.

Objectives

To undertake a research prioritisation exercise among UK and Ireland general paediatricians.

Methods

This was a four-phase study using a modified Delphi survey. The first phase asked for suggested research priorities. The second phase developed ideas and ranked them in priority. In the third phase, priorities were refined; and the final stage used the Hanlon Prioritisation Process to agree on the highest priorities.

Results

In phase one, there were 250 questions submitted by 61 GAPRUKI members (66% of the whole membership). For phase two, 92 priorities were scored by 62 members and the mean Likert scale (1–7) scores ranged from 3.13 to 5.77. In a face-to-face meeting (phases three and four), 17 research questions were identified and ultimately 14 priorities were identified and ranked. The four priorities with the highest ranking focused on these three respiratory conditions: asthma, bronchiolitis and acute wheeze. Other priorities were in the diagnosis or management of constipation, urinary tract infection, fever, gastro-oesophageal reflux and also new models of care for scheduled general paediatric clinics.

Conclusion

Research priorities for child health in the UK and Ireland have been identified using a robust methodology. The next steps are for studies to be designed and funded to address these priorities.
Is improvement in indicators of women’s empowerment associated with uptake of WHO recommended IPTp-SP levels in sub-Saharan Africa? A multilevel approach
Authors: Ameyaw Edward Kwabena , Njue Carolyne , Amoah Roberta Mensima , Appiah Francis , Baatiema Linus , Ahinkorah Bright Opoku , Seidu Abdul-Aziz , Ganle John Kuumuori , Yaya Sanni
Published: October 2021

Objectives

The global burden of malaria has reduced considerably; however, malaria in pregnancy remains a major public health problem in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), where about 32 million pregnant women are at risk of acquiring malaria. The WHO has recommended that pregnant women in high malaria transmission locations, including SSA, have intermittent preventive treatment of malaria during pregnancy with at least three doses of sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine (IPTp-SP). Therefore, we investigated the prevalence of IPTp-SP uptake and associated individual-level, community-level and country-level predictors in SSA.

Design

A cross-sectional survey was conducted using recent Demographic and Health Surveys datasets of 20 SSA countries. A total of 96 765 women were included. Optimum uptake of IPTp-SP at most recent pregnancy was the outcome variable. We fitted three-level multilevel models: individual, community and country parameters at 95% credible interval.

Results

In all, 29.2% of the women had optimal IPTp-SP uptake ranging from 55.1% (in Zambia) to 6.9% (in Gambia). The study revealed a high likelihood of optimum IPTp-SP uptake among women with high knowledge (aOR=1.298, Crl 1.206 to 1.398) relative to women with low knowledge. Women in upper-middle-income countries were more than three times likely to have at least three IPTp-SP doses compared with those in low-income countries (aOR=3.268, Crl 2.392 to 4.098). We found that community (σ2=1.999, Crl 1.088 to 2.231) and country (σ2=1.853, Crl 1.213 to 2.831) level variations exist in optimal uptake of IPTp-SP. According to the intracluster correlation, 53.9% and 25.9% of the variation in optimum IPTp-SP uptake are correspondingly attributable to community-level and country-level factors.

Conclusions

The outcome of our study suggests that low-income SSA countries should increase budgetary allocation to maternal health, particularly for IPTp-SP interventions. IPTp-SP advocacy behavioural change communication strategies must focus on women with low knowledge, rural dwellers, married women and those who do not meet the minimum of eight antenatal care visits.
Association between livelihood capital and catastrophic health expenditure among patients with critical illness: a cross-sectional study in rural Shandong, China
Authors: Che Xin , Li Jiajia , Fu Wenhao , Fang Feng
Published: October 2021

Objective

The objective of this study is to examine the association between livelihood capital and catastrophic health expenditure (CHE).

Design

Between July and August 2019, a cross-sectional study was conducted in critically ill patients.

Setting

Shandong, China.

Participants

1041 households with critically ill patients from 77 villages.

Primary and secondary outcome measures

We defined expenditure as being catastrophic if a household’s out-of-pocket payments were greater than or equal to 40% of their capacity to pay. Using the sustainable livelihoods framework, this study explored the associations between CHE and the various forms of livelihood capital—inclusive of human capital, natural capital, physical capital, financial capital and social capital. χ2tests, t-tests, Wilcoxon tests and binary logistic regression analysis were performed to examine these associations.

Results

The incidence of CHE among households with critically ill patients was 76.37% in this study. Better livelihood capital was significantly associated with lower incidence of CHE. After controlling for confounding factors, households with healthier patients (OR 0.47, 95% CI 0.23 to 0.96), more real estate ownership (OR 0.35, 95% CI 0.19 to 0.67) and better economic status (OR 0.33, 95% CI 0.18 to 0.62) were associated with a reduction in the occurrence of CHE.

Conclusions

Livelihood capital was significantly associated with CHE in rural families with critically ill patients. This association suggests that, in addition to providing health insurance to the critically ill, more attention should be paid to their ability to create and preserve livelihood capital.
Comparing the nutritional status of children and adolescents from North Korean defector families and South Korean families
Authors: Kim So-Yeong , Choi Seong-Woo , Park Jong , Ryu So-Yeon , Han Mi-Ah , Park Sun-Young
Published: October 2021

Objective

This study aimed to investigate the nutritional status of children and adolescents from North Korean defector (NKD) families who are currently living in South Korea (SK) and compared with the status of those from SK families.

Design

A cross-sectional study comparing the prevalence of malnutrition, overweight and obesity between children and adolescents from NKD families and SK families.

Setting

Children and adolescents from NKD families were interviewed face-to-face directly, whereas the data about those from SK families acquired by using 2017 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Their nutritional status were estimated using the 2017 Korean National Growth Charts for children and adolescents.

Participants

The total number of children and adolescents was 2136 consisting of 527 subjects from the NKD families and 1609 subjects from the SK families.

Results

The overall prevalence of stunting, wasting, underweight, overweight and obesity in NKD group was 8.9%, 10.2%, 10.4%, 11.2% and 12.2% respectively, and 1.9%, 7.1%, 5.9%, 9.2% and 9.3%, respectively, in SK families. The NKD group showed significantly higher prevalence than SK group in stunting (p<0.001), wasting (p=0.014), underweight (p<0.001), obesity (p=0.041) but not in overweight.

Conclusions

The nutritional status of children and adolescents form NKD families was worse than that of those from SK families, and also higher prevalence of obesity.
Electronic reminders and rewards to improve adherence to inhaled asthma treatment in adolescents: a non-randomised feasibility study in tertiary care
Authors: De Simoni Anna , Fleming Louise , Holliday Lois , Horne Robert , Priebe Stefan , Bush Andrew , Sheikh Aziz , Griffiths Chris
Published: October 2021

Objective

To test the feasibility and acceptability of a short-term reminder and incentives intervention in adolescents with low adherence to asthma medications.

Methods

Mixed-methods feasibility study in a tertiary care clinic. Adolescents recruited to a 24-week programme with three 8-weekly visits, receiving electronic reminders to prompt inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) inhalation through a mobile app coupled with electronic monitoring devices (EMD). From the second visit, monetary incentives based on adherence of ICS inhalation: £1 per dose, maximum £2 /day, up to £112/study, collected as gift cards at the third visit. End of study interviews and questionnaires assessing perceptions of asthma and ICS, analysed using the Perceptions and Practicalities Framework.

Participants

Adolescents (11–18 years) with documented low ICS adherence (<80% by EMD), and poor asthma control at the first clinic visit.

Results

10 out of 12 adolescents approached were recruited (7 males, 3 females, 12–16 years). Eight participants provided adherence measures up to the fourth visits and received rewards. Mean study duration was 281 days, with 7/10 participants unable to attend their fourth visit due to COVID-19 lockdown. Only 3/10 participants managed to pair the app/EMD up to the fourth visit, which was associated with improved ICS adherence (from 0.51, SD 0.07 to 0.86, SD 0.05). Adherence did not change in adolescents unable to pair the app/EMD. The intervention was acceptable to participants and parents/guardians. Exit interviews showed that participants welcomed reminders and incentives, though expressed frustration with app/EMD technological difficulties. Participants stated the intervention helped through reminding ICS doses, promoting self-monitoring and increasing motivation to take inhalers.

Conclusions

An intervention using electronic reminders and incentives through an app coupled with an EMD was feasible and acceptable to adolescents with asthma. A pilot randomised controlled trial is warranted to better estimate the effect size on adherence, with improved technical support for the EMD.
Aged neutrophils form mitochondria-dependent vital NETs to promote breast cancer lung metastasis
Authors: Yang Chenghui , Wang Zhen , Li Lili , Zhang Zhigang , Jin Xiaoyan , Wu Pin , Sun Shanshan , Pan Jun , Su Ke , Jia Fang , Zhang Leyi , Wang Haijun , Yu Xiuyan , Shao Xuan , Wang Ke , Qiu Fuming , Yan Jun , Huang Jian
Published: October 2021

Background

Neutrophils-linked premetastatic niche plays a key role in tumor metastasis, but not much is known about the heterogeneity and diverse role of neutrophils in niche formation. Our study focuses on the existence and biological function of a rarely delved subset of neutrophils, named as tumor-associated aged neutrophils (Naged, CXCR4+CD62Llow), involved in premetastatic niche formation during breast cancer metastasis.

Methods

We explored the distributions of Naged in 206 patients and mice models (4T1 and MMTV-PyMT) by flow cytometry. The ability of Naged to form neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) and promote tumor metastasis in patients and mice was determined by polychromatic immunohistochemistry, scanning electron microscopy and real-time video detection. Furthermore, the differences among tumor-associated Naged, Non-Naged and inflammation-associated aged neutrophils were compared by transcriptome, the biological characteristics of Naged were comprehensively analyzed from the perspectives of morphology, the metabolic capacity and mitochondrial function were investigated by Seahorse, co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP), chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Finally, 120 patients’ sample were applied to confirm the acceleration of Naged formation through secreted NAMPT, and the importance of blocking this pathway in mice was evaluated.

Results

We find that Naged accumulate in the lung premetastatic niche at early stage of breast tumorigenesis in multiple mice models and also exist in peripheral blood and metastatic lung of patients with breast cancer. Naged exhibit distinct cell marker and morphological feature of oversegmented nuclei. Further transcriptome reveals that Naged are completely different from those of Non-Aged or inflammation-associated aged neutrophils and illustrates that the key transcription factor SIRT1 in Naged is the core to maintain their lifespan via mitophagy for their function. The responsible mechanism is that SIRT1 can induce the opening of mitochondrial permeability transition pore channels to release mitochondrial DNA and lead to the mitochondria-dependent vital NETs formation, rather than traditional Cit-Histone H3 dependent fatal-NETs. Further mechanically investigation found tumor derived NAMPT could induce Naged formation. Additionally, therapeutic interventions of Naged and its formation-linked pathways could effectively decrease breast cancer lung metastasis.

Conclusions

Naged exerts a vital role in breast cancer lung metastasis, and strategies targeting SIRT1-Naged-NETs axis show promise for translational application.
Anti-GD2 IgA kills tumors by neutrophils without antibody-associated pain in the preclinical treatment of high-risk neuroblastoma
Authors: Evers Mitchell , Stip Marjolein , Keller Kaylee , Willemen Hanneke , Nederend Maaike , Jansen Marco , Chan Chilam , Budding Kevin , Nierkens Stefan , Valerius Thomas , Meyer-Wentrup Friederike , Eijkelkamp Niels , Leusen Jeanette
Published: October 2021

Background

The addition of monoclonal antibody therapy against GD2 to the treatment of high-risk neuroblastoma led to improved responses in patients. Nevertheless, administration of GD2 antibodies against neuroblastoma is associated with therapy-limiting neuropathic pain. This severe pain is evoked at least partially through complement activation on GD2-expressing sensory neurons.

Methods

To reduce pain while maintaining antitumor activity, we have reformatted the approved GD2 antibody ch14.18 into the IgA1 isotype. This novel reformatted IgA is unable to activate the complement system but efficiently activates leukocytes through the FcαRI (CD89).

Results

IgA GD2 did not activate the complement system in vitro nor induced pain in mice. Importantly, neutrophil-mediated killing of neuroblastoma cells is enhanced with IgA in comparison to IgG, resulting in efficient tumoricidal capacity of the antibody in vitro and in vivo.

Conclusions

Our results indicate that employing IgA GD2 as a novel isotype has two major benefits: it halts antibody-induced excruciating pain and improves neutrophil-mediated lysis of neuroblastoma. Thus, we postulate that patients with high-risk neuroblastoma would strongly benefit from IgA GD2 therapy.
Interstitial laser anterior capsulotomy for obsessive–compulsive disorder: lesion size and tractography correlate with outcome
Authors: Satzer David , Mahavadi Anil , Lacy Maureen , Grant Jon E , Warnke Peter
Published: October 2021

Background

Anterior capsulotomy is a well-established treatment for refractory obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD). MRI-guided laser interstitial thermal therapy (LITT) allows creation of large, sharply demarcated lesions with the safeguard of real-time imaging.

Objective

To characterise the outcomes of laser anterior capsulotomy, including radiographical predictors of improvement.

Methods

Patients with severe OCD refractory to pharmacotherapy and cognitive–behavioural therapy underwent bilateral anterior capsulotomy via LITT. The primary outcome was per cent reduction in Yale-Brown Obsessive–Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS) score over time. Lesion size was measured on postablation MRI. Disconnection of the anterior limb of the internal capsule (ALIC) was assessed via individual and normative tractography.

Results

Eighteen patients underwent laser anterior capsulotomy. Median follow-up was 6 months (range 3–51 months). Time occupied by obsessions improved immediately (median Y-BOCS item 1 score 4–1, p=0.002). Mean (±SD) decrease in Y-BOCS score at last follow-up was 46%±32% (16±11 points, p<0.0001). Sixty-one per cent of patients were responders. Seven patients (39%) exhibited transient postoperative apathy. One patient had an asymptomatic intracerebral haemorrhage. Reduction in Y-BOCS score was positively associated with ablation volume (p=0.006). Individual tractography demonstrated durable ALIC disconnection. Normative tractography revealed a dorsal–ventral gradient, with disconnection of orbitofrontal streamlines most strongly associated with a positive response (p<0.0001).

Conclusions

Laser anterior capsulotomy resulted in immediate, marked improvement in OCD symptom severity. Larger lesions permit greater disconnection of prefrontal–subcortical pathways involved in OCD. The importance of greater disconnection is presumably related to variation in ALIC structure and the complex role of the PFC in OCD.
Effects of IQOS health warnings and modified risk claims among young adult cigarette smokers and non-smokers
Authors: Mays Darren , Johnson Andrea C , Glasser Allison , Mercincavage Melissa , Strasser Andrew A
Published: October 2021

Introduction

Heated tobacco products, including Marlboro IQOS, are available globally. In the USA, IQOS was authorised to be advertised with claims about reduced toxicant exposure relative to cigarettes. The effects of such modified risk claims and health warnings have not been studied among young adult cigarette smokers and non-smokers.

Methods

In 2020, US young adult (18–30 years, n=1328) cigarette smokers and non-smokers viewed an IQOS ad in a 4 (modified risk claim variations or none) by 3 (warning variations or none) between-subjects experiment. Outcome measures assessed perceived credibility and effectiveness of the health or risk message for discouraging IQOS use, perceived harms, efficacy beliefs, and IQOS use intentions.

Results

Smokers reported significantly higher (p<0.05) perceived credibility, lower perceived effectiveness, higher efficacy beliefs about switching to IQOS and higher intentions to use IQOS than non-smokers. Among smokers, health warnings increased perceived credibility (p<0.001) and effectiveness (p<0.05), but claims did not affect outcomes examined. Among non-smokers, warnings and claims increased perceived credibility, and warnings increased perceived effectiveness (p<0.003). The reduced exposure claim increased non-smokers’ intentions to use IQOS (b=0.40, 95% CI 0.07 to 0.73).

Conclusions

Among young adult smokers, health warnings increased perceived effectiveness at discouraging IQOS use and perceived credibility. Among non-smokers, warnings and claims increased perceived credibility and warnings increased perceived effectiveness, but the Food and Drug Administration-authorised reduced exposure claim increased intentions to use IQOS. Research is warranted to understand how the content of modified risk claims and health warnings for IQOS affects IQOS use in this population.
Evolution of confined quantum scalar fields in curved spacetime. Part II
Authors: Barbado Luis C. , Báez-Camargo Ana L. , Fuentes Ivette
Published: October 2021

We develop a method for computing the Bogoliubov transformation experienced by a confined quantum scalar field in a globally hyperbolic spacetime, due to the changes in the geometry and/or the confining boundaries. The method constructs a basis of solutions to the Klein–Gordon equation associated to each compact Cauchy hypersurface of constant time. It then provides a differential equation for the linear transformation between bases at different times. The transformation can be interpreted physically as a Bogoliubov transformation when it connects two regions in which a time symmetry allows for a Fock quantisation. This second article on the method is dedicated to spacetimes with timelike boundaries that do not remain static in any synchronous gauge. The method proves especially useful in the regime of small perturbations, where it allows one to easily make quantitative predictions on the amplitude of the resonances of the field. Therefore, it provides a crucial tool in the growing research area of confined quantum fields in table-top experiments. We prove this utility by addressing two problems in the perturbative regime: Dynamical Casimir Effect and gravitational wave resonance. We reproduce many previous results on these phenomena and find novel results in an unified way. Possible extensions of the method are indicated. We expect that our method will become standard in quantum field theory for confined fields.
Study of phases in a holographic QCD model
Authors: Sethi Varun
Published: October 2021

Witten–Sakai–Sugimoto model is used to study Yang–Mills theory with flavors and large number of colors at finite temperature and in the presence of chemical potential for baryon number and isospin. Sources for [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] gauge fields on the flavor 8-branes are D4-branes wrapped on [Formula: see text] part of the background. Here, gauge symmetry on the flavor branes has been decomposed as [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] is within [Formula: see text] and generated by the diagonal generator. We show various brane configurations, along with the phases in the boundary theory they correspond to, and explore the possibility of phase transition between various pairs of phases.
Annealing of aluminum nanoparticle and the formation of ethanol–ether binary coating layer on aluminum nanoparticle surface: A molecular dynamic study
Authors: Sun Ruochen , Sui Penghua , Liu Pingan , Wang Lei , Qi Hui , Yan Tao
Published: October 2021

Aluminum (Al) nanoparticle (ANP), as a metal fuel agent, has excellent combustion rate and energy density. However, several critical research gaps of ANP still exist. This study is focused on the annealing properties of ANP and its coating performances under the mixture of ethanol and ether molecules. According to those obtained molecular dynamic (MD) simulation results, the microstructure of ANP in the annealing process and the formation of ethanol–ether binary coating are discussed in this paper. During the melting process, the melting point of ANP could be analyzed by the inflection point of its atomic potential energy and the mean square displacement, then the accuracy of EAM force field could be verified. Because surface atoms have lower potential energy than inner atoms, it seems that the melting of ANP started from the particle surface and diffuses from surface to the core. When the melted Al cluster is solidified until 300 K, the microstructure of the crystallized particle is largely affected by the cooling rate. If the cooling rate if too fast, it is not enough for the Al cluster to recrystallize, which is called as the “freezing effect” for ANP. Next, the binary “competitive adsorption” behavior of ethanol and ether on the surface of ANP was simulated according to different ethanol–ether molecular ratios. Analyses of ethanol–ether binary coating layer show that the main component of binary coating is ethanol, but not ether. This competitive superiority of ethanol is caused by its own adsorption mechanism and molecular migration in this mixture of ethanol and ether.
Multi-Scroll Attractors with Hyperchaotic Behavior Using Fractional-Order Systems
Authors: Altun Kenan
Published: October 2021

In this paper, a systematic design is proposed to generate multi-scroll attractors with hyperchaotic behavior using fractional-order systems, in which switched SC-CNN is triggered with error function. Sprott Systems Case H is reconstructed with fractional-order switched SC-CNN system. Herein, the goal is to increase the complexity of chaotic signals, hence providing safer and reliable communication by generating multi-scroll attractors with hyperchaotic behavior using fractional-order systems. Theoretical analysis of the proposed system’s dynamical behaviors is scrutinized, while numerical investigations are carried out with equilibrium points, Lyapunov exponent, bifurcation diagrams, Poincaré mapping and 0/1 test methods. Numerical results are validated through simulations and on an FPAA platform.
Mobile Crowd-sensing Applications: Data Redundancies, Challenges, and Solutions
Authors: Nguyen Tu N. , Zeadally Sherali
Published: October 2021

Conventional data collection methods that use Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) suffer from disadvantages such as deployment location limitation, geographical distance, as well as high construction and deployment costs of WSNs. Recently, various efforts have been promoting mobile crowd-sensing (such as a community with people using mobile devices) as a way to collect data based on existing resources. A Mobile Crowd-Sensing System can be considered as a Cyber-Physical System (CPS), because it allows people with mobile devices to collect and supply data to CPSs’ centers. In practical mobile crowd-sensing applications, due to limited budgets for the different expenditure categories in the system, it is necessary to minimize the collection of redundant information to save more resources for the investor. We study the problem of selecting participants in Mobile Crowd-Sensing Systems without redundant information such that the number of users is minimized and the number of records (events) reported by users is maximized, also known as the Participant-Report-Incident Redundant Avoidance (PRIRA) problem. We propose a new approximation algorithm, called the Maximum-Participant-Report Algorithm (MPRA) to solve the PRIRA problem. Through rigorous theoretical analysis and experimentation, we demonstrate that our proposed method performs well within reasonable bounds of computational complexity.
Review—Challenges and Opportunities for Increased Current Density in Alkaline Electrolysis by Increasing the Operating Temperature
Authors: Lohmann-Richters F. P. , Renz S. , Lehnert W. , Müller M. , Carmo M.
Published: October 2021

The highly-efficient, low-cost, large-scale production of green hydrogen by means of electrolysis is urgently needed for achieving a decarbonized energy supply. Alkaline water electrolysis is a wellestablished technology with relatively low costs which does not require scarce noble metal catalysts, but it suffers from low current densities. Increasing the operating temperature can allow this limitation to be overcome. This article summarizes both long-standing and recent developments in alkaline water electrolysis at increased temperature and sheds light on the challenges and unique opportunities of this approach. It is found that electrochemical improvements induced by higher temperature enable competitive current densities and offer unique possibilities for thermal management. The selection and development of stable materials, catalysts, and diaphragms is challenging, but some have proven long-term stability up to at least 150 °C and promising candidates are available at up to 200 °C. Further research will allow the present challenges to be overcome by understanding and improving the basic processes and components for alkaline electrolysis at increased temperature and capitalizing on its unique advantages.
One-Dimensional Copper Oxide Nanoparticles Embedded Conductive Nanotube Arrays for High Performance Glucose Sensors
Authors: Qi Kaili , Liu Shan , Li Yuanyuan , Chen Rongsheng , Liang Feng
Published: October 2021

Non-enzymatic glucose sensors have been extensively exploited recently. But the nanostructured non-enzymatic sensors often suffer from the aggregation of the nanoscale particles and poor conductivity of the composed metal oxides. In this work, a highly conductive one-dimensional carbon nanofilm coated TiO2 nanotube arrays (TiO2@C NTAs) were fabricated as the substrate. Copper oxide nanoparticles (CuOx NPs) were then deposited on the substrate to prepare CuOx NPs/TiO2@C NTAs as the glucose sensor. Under optimal conditions, the CuOx NPs/TiO2@C NTAs sensor shows a linear dependence on glucose concentration from 0.001 to 2.467 mM, with a sensitivity of 1155.68 μA mM−1 cm−2. The detection limit is 0.17 μM (S/N = 3). The prepared sensor exhibits high reproducibility and selectivity towards glucose determination, with minimal response to the coexistent species such as mannose, fructose, and 4-acetaminophenol, etc. Monitoring glucose from human serum sample has also been conducted, suggesting good reliability of this sensor.
Service Composition Recommendation Method Based on Recurrent Neural Network and Naive Bayes
Authors: Chen Ming , Cheng Junqiang , Ma Guanghua , Tian Liang , Li Xiaohong , Shi Qingmin
Published: October 2021

Due to the lack of domain and interface knowledge, it is difficult for users to create suitable service processes according to their needs. Thus, the paper puts forward a new service composition recommendation method. The method is composed of two steps: the first step is service component recommendation based on recurrent neural network (RNN). When a user selects a service component, the RNN algorithm is exploited to recommend other matched services to the user, aiding the completion of a service composition. The second step is service composition recommendation based on Naive Bayes. When the user completes a service composition, considering the diversity of user interests, the Bayesian classifier is used to model their interests, and other service compositions that satisfy the user interests are recommended to the user. Experiments show that the proposed method can accurately recommend relevant service components and service compositions to users.
Fast Construction of the Radio Map Based on the Improved Low‐Rank Matrix Completion and Recovery Method for an Indoor Positioning System
Authors: Wang Zhuang , Zhang Liye , Kong Qun , Wang Kangtao
Published: October 2021

With the development of information technology, indoor positioning technology has been rapidly evolving. Due to the advantages of high positioning accuracy, low cost, and wide coverage simultaneously, received signal strength‐ (RSS‐) based WLAN indoor positioning technology has become one of the mainstream technologies. A radio map is the basis for the realization of the WLAN positioning system. However, by reasons of the huge workload of RSS collection, the instability of wireless signal strength, and the disappearance of signals caused by the occlusion of people and objects, the construction of a radio map is time‐consuming and inefficient. In order to rapidly deploy the WLAN indoor positioning system, an improved low‐rank matrix completion method is proposed to construct the radio map. Firstly, we evenly arrange a small number of reference points (RP) in the positioning area and collect RSS data on the RP to construct the radio map. Then, the low‐rank matrix completion method is used to fill a small amount of data in the radio map into a complete database. The Frobenius parameter (F‐parameter) is introduced into the traditional low‐rank matrix completion model to control the instability of the model solution when filling the data. To solve the noise problem caused by environment and equipment, a low‐rank matrix recovery algorithm is used to eliminate noise. The experimental results show that the improved algorithm achieves the expected goal.