bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Casaubon's ghosts: the haunting of legal scholarship
Authors: Hutchinson Allan C
Published: April 2006

Much academic work continues to operate within the cramping and pervasive spirit of a black-letter mentality that encourages scholars and jurists to maintain legal study as an inward-looking and self-contained discipline. There is still a marked tendency to treat law as somehow a world of its own that is separate from the society within which it operates and purports to serve. This is a disheartening and disabling state of affairs. Accordingly, this article will offer both a critique of the present situation and suggest an alternative way of proceeding. The writer recommends a shift from philosophy to democracy so that legal academics will be less obsessed with abstraction and formalism and more concerned with relevance and practicality. In contrast to the hubristic and occasionally mystical aspirations of mainstream scholars, it presents a more humble depiction of the worth and efficacy of the jurisprudential and scholarly project in which ‘usefulness’ is given pride of place. Of course, these fundamental charges are not applicable to all legal scholars. Many scholars are engaged in work that not only challenges the prevailing paradigm of legal scholarship, but also explores exciting new directions for legal study. It will be part of the essay to acknowledge those contributions.
A reappraisal of sovereignty in the light of global environmental concerns
Authors: French Duncan A
Published: April 2006

The concept of the sovereignty of the nation state is at the very core of our understanding of public international law. Nevertheless, the concept is under constant pressure to adapt to the changing global situation. This is particularly true when sovereignty is examined in the light of environmental concerns. Is the traditional paradigm still relevant in an age when so many transboundary and global environmental issues confront the international legal order? This paper suggests that whilst sovereignty remains a central pillar of international law, it is one that increasingly must be responsive to the needs and concerns of an interdependent international community. It must not be treated as a static, immovable fact, but rather as a flexible tool through which states can more effectively act in an increasingly interdependent global society.
Comparative law as a core subject
Authors: Samuel Geoffrey
Published: April 2006

This paper argues that comparative law should become a core subject in all law degree programmes. By ‘core’ is meant a progression subject that will take the student through a three-year programme emphasising not what the law is but how one should think like a lawyer. Comparative law is ideal for this task because it emphasises two fundamental questions: what is ‘comparison’? And what is ‘law’? The paper demonstrates, first, how the rule model of legal knowledge is inadequate when it comes to comparing law and, second, how the techniques of comparison can reveal this inadequacy. These demonstrations are primarily founded upon a distinction, explained in the paper, between symbolic and non-symbolic knowledge.
Is breach of confidence a fiduciary wrong? Preserving the reach of judge-made law
Authors: Glover John
Published: April 2006

Breach of confidence is in danger of being enveloped by fiduciary doctrine. Law's ability to discipline confidence-breaking by computer hackers and persons unknown to their victims may be lost if this wrong's separateness is not maintained. Distinct moral imperatives and policies arise when confidentiality is protected. However, A-G v Blake casts doubt on the independence of breach of confidence and breach of fiduciary duty. Conflation of the wrongs may have occurred at Britain's highest appellate level. Similar developments can seen in Australia, Canada, Malaysia and New Zealand.
The rise and fall of advocates’ immunity
Authors: Seneviratne Mary
Published: April 2006

The immunity from negligence enjoyed by advocates has recently been abolished by the House of Lords. The immunity had no statutory basis, but its existence was judicially recognised in 1967, in the case of Rondel v Worsley, and its extent and limits were considered in Saif Ali v Sidney Mitchell and Co in 1978. Since that time, the scope and extent of the immunity has been the subject of much case law. It has also received a great deal of criticism and many have argued for its abolition. This article examines the basis and justifications for advocates’ immunity. It discusses the scope, extent and criticisms of the immunity, the problems with its application, and the reasons for its eventual demise.
Cultural diversity, human rights and inconsistency in the English courts
Authors: Khaliq Urfan , Young James
Published: April 2006

Ethnic and cultural diversity within the UK has ensured that English courts regularly have to resolve cultural conflicts. This paper concentrates on cultural conflicts in the courts where there is an international dimension to this issue and where persons not resident in the UK seek the help of the English courts. The paper does this by reference to two areas of law, asylum and child abduction, which also allows a comparison between the approach to human rights by judges in the public and private law spheres. The paper aims to highlight the in consistency of the approach among judges in child abduction cases, where the role of human rights is unclear. It contrasts this with the judicial approach in asylum cases and English law in general, where we argue human rights are increasingly influencing the attitudes to various practices justified on a cultural or religious basis.
When are we married? Void, non-existent and presumed marriages
Authors: Probert Rebecca
Published: April 2006

In recent years the courts have been faced with the problem of deciding what status should be given to marriages that are celebrated outside the provisions of the Marriage Act 1949 yet believed to be valid by the parties to them. Some such marriages have been classified as non-marriages, while others have been saved by the application of the presumption in favour of marriage. The decisions are unsatisfactory for a number of reasons. It will be suggested that the concept of non-marriage should be confined to ceremonies that in no way purport to be marriages. The presumption in favour of marriage should also be limited to situations where there is a valid basis for presuming a marriage rather than being used to avoid dealing with the deficiencies of the law.
Safeguarding judicial impartiality
Authors: Malleson Kate
Published: April 2006

Since the decision of the House of Lords to overturn its earlier judgment in the case of Re Pinochet (No 2) the courts have closed the floodgates to further claims of judicial bias by adopting a restrictive approach to the rules on judicial disqualification. In the light of these restrictions on claims of individual bias, this paper reviews the institutional mechanisms for safeguarding impartiality at a collective level through the appointments process and the system for allocating cases to judges. It highlights weaknesses in these arrangements such as the lack of openness, the potential for inappropriate political control and the lack of diversity in the composition of the judiciary. It argues that as the concept of impartiality is increasingly linked to these institutional arrangements the continuing legitimacy of the judiciary requires that these problems are addressed.
Law and regulation of retained organs: the ethical issues
Authors: Harris John
Published: April 2006

Organ retention has been with us for millennia. Walk into virtually any cathedral and many a church in Europe and you will find an array of retained organs or tissue, allegedly originally the property of assorted saints, or even of God, and almost certainly collected without proper informed consent and retained in less than secure conditions. In our own time the complexities of organ collection, retention and use have proliferated. The events at Alder Hey Children's Hospital and the debates about the ethics of biobanking all over the world have dramatically highlighted the complexity, the difficulty and the moral importance of these issues. Some of these issues have to do with the question of who can give permission for or consent to such removal and retention. Other issues involve consideration of whose rights or interests are engaged when cadaver organs and tissue are removed and retained, just what in particular is the nature, extent and force of those rights or interests, and how they are to be balanced against other moral considerations. These questions are the subject of this paper. We will not, however, here be concerned with the issues of genetic privacy, the security of genetic information.
Retained organs: ethics and humanity
Authors: Brazier Margaret
Published: April 2006

This paper responds to John Harris's vigorous analysis of the ethical principles involved in organ retention. The author contends that Harris overlooks the context in which revelations about organ retention came about in the UK. He pays insufficient regard to deeply held cultural and religious beliefs, and does not fully address the claims of the living to determine the fate of their body after death, or the interests of bereaved families in laying a beloved relative to rest. The paper argues that the fundamental principle governing removal and retention of body parts after death must rest on a strong presumption that such body parts should be removed only with the suficient consent of the deceased or his family.
Language, education and the European Convention on Human Rights in the twenty-first century
Authors: Williams Katherine , Rainey Bernadette
Published: April 2006

In theBelgian Linguisticcase the European Court of Human Rights held that legislation regarding language in education which was based on the principle of territoriality did not offend against the rights guaranteed in Article 2 of Protocol 1 or Article 8 of the European Convention on Human Rights, whether taken alone or in conjunction with Article 14 on non-discrimination. That ruling was given some 35 years ago, and this paper considers whether developments since then might lead the European Court of Human Rights to decide similar issues differently if they arose today. However, having considered the situation, including instruments which have been adopted specifically to deal with language rights and minority rights, the conclusion is reached that the European Court of Human Rights would be likely to continue to allow a fairly wide margin of appreciation to states in the highly sensitive and controversial area of language rights and how they should be protected.
A tale of the land, the insider, the outsider and human rights (an exploration of some problems and possibilities in the relationship between the English common law property concept, human rights law, and discourses of exclusion and inclusion)
Authors: Grear Anna
Published: April 2006

This paper examines the interplay between discourses of exclusion and inclusion in the relationship between land law and human rights. It explores the common law conception of property in land and its relationship with the conceptual structure of property before suggesting that the particular form the conception takes in the English common law is problematic as a discourse of exclusion in the light of inclusive human rights considerations. However, further submerged exclusions in law are also explored, suggesting a problematic ideological continuity between land law and human rights law, notwithstanding identifiable surface tensions between them as contrasting discourses. Once the continuity of hidden exclusions is identified, the paper explores the theoretical unity between the deep structure of property as ‘propriety’ and human rights as ‘what is due’, and suggests their mutual potential for embracing more inclusive concerns. Finally, two modest proposals for future theoretical reform are offered: the need for a more anthropologically adequate and inclusive construct of the human being as legal actor, and the need for a more differentiated, context-sensitive formulation of the common law1 property conception, one capable of reconciling conceptually necessary elements of excludability with inclusive human rights impulses.
Children in need: the limits of local authority accountability
Authors: Murphy John
Published: April 2006

This paper considers the effectiveness of the range of mechanisms open to children in need in order to make local authorities accountable in respect of their duties towards such children under the Children Act 1989, Pt III and Sch 2. By effectiveness, what is meant is either that these mechanisms help to ensure that the relevant duties are fulfilled, or that they provide adequate redress when they are not fulfilled. In simple terms, without any effective accountability, the Children Act 1989 duties count for very little.
The concept of security: an agenda for comparative analysis
Authors: Zedner Lucia
Published: April 2006

The pursuit of security as a matter of domestic policy stands high on the political agenda of many Western nations and is a booming area of private investment. This repays close attention to what is meant when the concept of security is invoked as a justification of public policy or private practice. This paper examines the various meanings and differing constructions of security as a negative or positive presence, as a material or symbolic good, as a public good or private service, and as a response to external or internal threats. It observes how the language of security is differentiated also according to local legal cultures and calls for comparative analysis of the meaning and usage of the term in different jurisdictions. It suggests some possible differences in the structural arrangements for the pursuit of security that arise from differing relationships among the state, private sector and civil society. And it concludes by mapping out some apparent variants on the public-private divide that might profitably inform comparative analysis of the practices, as opposed to the rhetoric, of security.
Contesting government, producing devolution: the repeal of ‘section 28’ in Scotland
Authors: Armstrong Kenneth A
Published: April 2006

Devolution is usually described in terms of the transfer of powers from central to regional and subordinate authorities. Attention then tends to focus on one dimension of relational power, namely that between the sovereign ‘principal’ and its ‘devolved’ agent. In this paper, and without seeking to assert that devolved institutions are sovereign, it is suggested that we need to develop an additional dimension to our studies of devolution, namely the relational power between government and governed in devolved contexts. Taking the example of devolution to Scotland and the exercise of devolved law-making powers to repeal ‘section 28’ of the Local Government Act 1988, it is argued that in the process of exercising legal and political authority, contestation and conflict over government can produce important constitutional discourses that normativise what counts as an appropriate or inappropriate exercise of devolved governmental power. The process of contesting devolved government is productive of what it means to govern and be governed under conditions of devolution, thereby producing and reproducing devolution itself.
After Bristol: the healthcare of young children and the law
Authors: Bridgeman Jo
Published: April 2006

This paper considers the written statements provided to the Bristol Inquiry by parents whose children underwent cardiac surgery at the Bristol Royal Infirmary between 1984 and 1995, seeking to learn from their experiences, opinions, feelings and expectations. The law regulating the relationship between healthcare professional, parent and child is considered in light of these accounts. The limitations of the existing law are such that a new legal framework is required which fosters the relationship between healthcare professional, parent and child, supporting them in the shared endeavour of caring for the child. Of central importance within this new framework would be recognition of each child as a distinct individual and of the expertise which parents can contribute to the care of their child.
Property and contract in contemporary corporate theory
Authors: Ireland Paddy
Published: April 2006

This paper critically evaluates the contractual theories of companies and company law which have risen to prominence in recent years. It argues that history reveals as misguided the attempt to depict public companies as essentially contractual in nature, one of the most striking features of the development in nineteenth century Britain of the first body of (joint stock) company law having been its gradual move away from the principles of agency and contract underlying the law of partnership from which it emerged. Against this backdrop, the paper moves on to explore the ways in which theorists have tried, against the odds, to characterise public Companies as contractual and the reasons for their attempting to do so. While it might be apposite to view many private or closely held companies through the prism of contract, the paper argues, public companies and much of company law itself can only properly be understood when viewed through the prism of financial property. Indeed, it suggests, this is implicitly confirmed by the Company Law Review and (paradoxically) by the recent work of corporate governance specialists and financial economists in the US, with its focus on investor protection and the preservation of financial property's integrity, and its emphasis on the crucial role of (public) regulation in these processes. The paper concludes that these property forms are not merely the objects, but the products of regulation and that this has important implications for our understanding of both company law and corporate governance. In making these arguments, it seeks to cast some light on the nature of intangible property, on the differences between contract-based and property-based rights, on the neo-liberal idea of ‘deregulation’, and on the unity and scope of company law as a legal category.
Property law v family law: resolving the problems of family property
Authors: Miles Joanna
Published: April 2006

This paper compares ‘property law’ and ‘family law’ approaches to the problems associated with people who share homes, and examines some of the reform suggestions recently made in this field. The differences between property and family approaches are highlighted by recent endeavours of the Law Commission of England and Wales to devise a specifically ‘property law’ response to home-sharing, and those differences lie at the root of many of the difficulties that the Law Commission encountered in developing its abandoned scheme. It is worthwhile identifying and reflecting on those differences in order to ascertain the sort of home-sharers' problems with which each legal regime can cope, and the sort of solution that each is able to offer.
Finding and facing facts about legal systems and foreign direct investment in South Asia
Authors: Perry-Kessaris Amanda
Published: April 2006

It has become commonplace to argue that foreign direct investment (FDI) flows are to some extent determined by the effectiveness of host state legal systems – the institutions and officials involved in the creation and implementation of law, including courts and judges, bureaucrats, and politicians, in their capacity as makers and implementers of law. The primary concern of the paper is how this dominant theory can be tested – that is, what methods can we use to test the extent to which the effectiveness of legal systems affects success in attracting FDI? The analysis focuses in particular on South Asia, the US and the UK, The paper considers what data on FDI and legal systems are necessary and available for conducting a statistical regression test of the theory. It establishes that the data available until recently were inadequate. The paper then considers the extent to which recent empirical studies, conducted under the auspices of the World Bank, produce useful facts for the purpose of testing the relationship between FDI and legal systems. These new data sets are recommended by the World Bank Group's Foreign Investment Advisory Service (FIAS), and thus provide a useful insight into the type of information assumed by theorists to be available, and useful, to investors. The paper therefore also considers how the theory that legal systems are determinants of FDI can be implemented by investors – that is, what information exists upon which they can base their location decisions? It is concluded that many points, fundamental and finer, about the relationship between legal systems and FDI remain to be explored. We have a neat, intellectually appealing theory. Sadly, we still do not have the facts to test it, nor for investors to implement it.
A library for the modern law school: a statement of standards for university law library provision in the United Kingdom - 2003 revision
Authors: Winterton Jules
Published: April 2006

The Statement of Standards for University Law Library Provision is a comprehensive and flexible set of Standards providing authoritative guidance, representing a broad consensus of views, for Law Schools and law librarians. The Standards were drawn up by a consultative group established by the Libraries Committee of the Society, and approved by the Society after extensive consultation with academic, professional and governmental bodies. The Standards cover the whole range of issues relating to the operation of a Law Library including its relationship with the Law School, its management, collections, space, and equipment. It is supported by an annual survey of university Law Library provision conducted in collaboration with the British and Irish Association of Law Librarians. The accumulated research data from these surveys provides the basis not only for realistic benchmarks and targets in the Statement but also for a series of analytical research reports which monitor trends in university Law Library provision. (The published Statements and research reports are listed below.)
Reform in haste and repent at leisure: lolanthe, the Lord High Executioner and Brave New World
Authors: Stevens Robert
Published: April 2006

‘Turning and turning in the widening gyre

The falcon cannot hear the falconer;

Things fall apart; the centre cannot hold;

More anarchy is loosed upon the world.’

Labour came to power in 1997 with a commitment to constitutional reform and joined-up government. New Labour has indeed produced significant constitutional change: devolution to Scotland and Wales, the Human Rights Act 1998, partial reform of the House of Lords, elected Mayors, a Freedom of Information Act, an Electoral Commission and more. Joined up it was not. Nothing better illustrated this than the (arguably) botched Cabinet reshuffle on 12 June 2003. On that day, Downing Street announced the resignation (or sacking) of Lord Irvine, the Lord Chancellor since 1997, and the abolition of his post, and, in its place, the establishment of a Department of Constitutional Affairs, and, finally, the creation of a Supreme Court.
A Supreme Court for the United Kingdom: views from the Northern Kingdom
Authors: Himsworth Chris , Paterson Alan
Published: April 2006

Of the four Consultation Papers produced by the Department for Constitutional Affairs over the summer of 2003, in many ways the most interesting was Constitutional Reform: A Supreme Court for the United Kingdom, not just for what it did say, but also for what it did not. For example, respondents were not asked whether the Government should replace the House of Lords with a Supreme Court or not. That was taken as a given. Yet the omission was all the more curious in the light of the fact, as subsequently became clear, that at least half of the current Law Lords do not favour the introduction of a Supreme Court.
The constitutional and political implications of a United Kingdom Supreme Court
Authors: Woodhouse Diana
Published: April 2006

The constitutional and political implications of a United Kingdom Supreme Court are far-reaching. This paper suggests that its establishment represents an increase in judicial independence, both in terms of the individual judge and institutionally. In so doing, it draws attention to the continued infringement of judicial independence, most notably through the use of senior judges to chair inquiries, and to the need for judicial independence to be safeguarded by the judges themselves. It argues that, somewhat paradoxically, the independence of the Court may increase the extent to which it is perceived as a political player and used for political purposes. It also argues that the requirement for greater transparency in the appointment of judges and the processes and decisions of the Court needs to be matched by the improved accountability of the Court and the Secretary of State for Constitutional Affairs. The paper ends by speculating on the longer-term constitutional implications of a Supreme Court, suggesting that it could result in the further diminution of parliamentary sovereignty, a more even distribution of power between the constitutional actors and the development of the United Kingdom into a constitutional democracy.
A Supreme Court for the United Kingdom? A view from the High Court of Australia
Authors: Stevens Tracey , Williams George
Published: April 2006

The High Court created by Australia's 1901 Constitution first sat on 6 October 1903. A century on, it is an apt time to consider how the record of the Court can contribute a different perspective to the debate over a possible Supreme Court for the United Kingdom. Of course, it cannot be assumed that common views are held of this record. Indeed, the role of the High Court and its place in the Australian political system remains hotly contested.
Appealing to history: the New Zealand Supreme Court debate
Authors: Cornes Richard
Published: April 2006

For a New Zealander one of the odder tourist experiences available in London - and soon to disappear - was to go to the top of Downing Street, and after a brief word with the police officer at the gates, to be ushered in to watch a hearing of the highest court of (though not actually in) New Zealand. Beginning with the arrival of British settlers the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council served as New Zealand's court of final appeal. Sitting in the very heart of London it was possible to hear lawyers with New Zealand accents argue about places and concepts quite literally a world away.
Judges and politics: an essay from Canada
Authors: Hutchinson Allan C
Published: April 2006

‘We are here as on a darkling plainSwept with confused alarms of struggle and flight,Where ignorant armies clash by night.’Matthew Arnold

It is said of statistics that what they reveal is interesting, but what they hide is crucial. Much the same can be said of the present British debate over constitutional change and the courts. The various constitutional reforms proposed seem to be obvious and long overdue - abolishing the post of Lord Chancellor; setting up a Supreme Court separate from the House of Lords; and establishing a judicial appointments committee. However, at least as presented and dealt with by the government and the judges, while these innovations are interesting and generally positive, what they fail to mention or address is much more crucial and revealing.
Questioning common law constitutionalism
Authors: Poole Thomas
Published: April 2006

This article takes a critical look at common law constitutionalism, a theory which has received much support in public law circles of late. The first part of the article elaborates the common law constitutionalist position. The second part of the article assesses the cogency of the theory in terms of its ability to accommodate certain paradigmatic features of judicial review. The article concludes with the suggestion that public lawyers, in their forays into theory, might do better to look to the special role that judicial review plays in assessing the legitimacy of governmental action rather than its supposed connection with ‘fundamental principles of morality’.
Law, labour and resistance to French colonialism in Sembene Ousmane's Les Bouts de Bois de Dieu
Authors: Manji Ambreena
Published: April 2006

This article is concerned with the portrayal of law in colonial conflict in the work of Senegalese author Sembene Ousmane, focussing in particular on the novel Les Bouts de Bois de Dieu. There Ousmane dramutises an actual strike of railway workers in 1947 in order to mount a prophetic critique of post-independence Senegal. In convening a tribunal to try strike-breakers, the workers demonstrate the constitutive, law-creating power which, Ousmane implies, still resides in newly independent peoples. This alternative legality is achieved in spite of the twin pressures of orthodox universalism, on the one hand, and passive traditionalism, on the other. As such Les Bouts de Bois de Dieu prefigures a radical, emancipatory legal pluralism in the colonial and post-colonial context.
Endemicity biases nestedness metrics: a demonstration, explanation and solution
Authors: Greve Michelle , L. Chown Steven
Published: April 2006

Nestedness is frequently investigated to understand complex patterns of species occurrences. Temperature (T) is commonly used for comparisons of nestedness of different‐sized datasets. However, the assumptions made for the standardization of this metric have not been fully explored, particularly the effects of endemicity. Here we show that T incorrectly indicates an increase in nestedness with the addition of non‐nested endemics to matrices that are not perfectly nested – a consequence of standardizing matrix size by the product of species and sites. This problem is common both to test matrices and to real matrices that are typically subjected to nestedness analyses. The latter are often characterized by substantial numbers of endemics and by variation in the numbers of endemics in different taxa. Standardizing by occupancy resolves this problem, which is demonstrated using a derivative of discrepancy, d1. A small modification to T, such that it standardizes matrices by occupancy, would resolve the current problems with this nestedness metric.
Proapoptotic BAX and BAK Modulate the Unfolded Protein Response by a Direct Interaction with IRE1α
Authors: Hetz Claudio , Bernasconi Paula , Fisher Jill , Lee Ann-Hwee , Bassik Michael C. , Antonsson Bruno , Brandt Gabriel S. , Iwakoshi Neal N. , Schinzel Anna , Glimcher Laurie H. , Korsmeyer Stanley J.
Published: April 2006

Accumulation of misfolded protein in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) triggers an adaptive stress response—termed the unfolded protein response (UPR)—mediated by the ER transmembrane protein kinase and endoribonuclease inositol-requiring enzyme–1α (IRE1α). We investigated UPR signaling events in mice in the absence of the proapoptotic BCL-2 family members BAX and BAK [double knockout (DKO)]. DKO mice responded abnormally to tunicamycin-induced ER stress in the liver, with extensive tissue damage and decreased expression of the IRE1 substrate X-box–binding protein 1 and its target genes. ER-stressed DKO cells showed deficient IRE1α signaling. BAX and BAK formed a protein complex with the cytosolic domain of IRE1α that was essential for IRE1α activation. Thus, BAX and BAK function at the ER membrane to activate IRE1α signaling and to provide a physical link between members of the core apoptotic pathway and the UPR.
Molecular biology of squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck
Authors: Perez-Ordoñez B , Beauchemin M , Jordan R C K
Published: April 2006

Squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (HNSCC) is a heterogeneous but largely preventable disease with complex molecular abnormalities. It arises from a premalignant progenitor followed by outgrowth of clonal populations associated with cumulative genetic alterations and phenotypic progression to invasive malignancy. These genetic alterations result in inactivation of multiple tumour suppressor genes and activation of proto-oncogenes, including p16ink4A, p53, cyclin D1, p14ARF,FHIT,RASSF1A, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), and Rb. Intramucosal migration and clonal expansion of transformed cells with formation of abnormal genetic fields appear to be responsible for local recurrences and development of second primary tumours.
Solid mesenchymal hamartoma in an adult: a case report
Authors: Hernández J C , Alfonso C , González L , Samada M , Ramos L , Cepero-Valdez M , Antonio Abdo A , Gómez F , Castellanos R , López O , Ugarte J C , Jordán J
Published: April 2006

Mesenchymal hamartoma of the liver (MHL) is an uncommon tumour composed of architecturally abnormal bile ducts in an uncommitted myxoid stroma. Most MHL are diagnosed in childhood and few cases have been reported in adults. This report describes a case of a well defined solid mass in the right lobe of the liver in a 51 year old man. Preoperative radiological examination revealed a large completely solid mass. Biopsy showed a dense fibrous stroma with hyalinisation and some bile ducts. A provisional diagnosis of MHL was made. Surgical excision was impossible and liver transplantation was undertaken. Definitive pathology confirmed the diagnosis. Review of published reports shows this to be the fourth case of MHL treated by liver transplantation.
POLAROGRAPHIC DETERMINATION OF BENZOYL PEROXIDE AND CUMENE HYDROPEROXIDE
Authors: Giguère Paul A. , Lamontagne D.
Published: April 2006

Benzoyl peroxide and cumene hydroperoxide (CHP) are reduced at the anodically polarized dropping mercury electrode, the former at about +0.3 volt vs. S.C.E., and the latter at +0.1 v. Their half-wave potentials as well as that of the two reduction steps of dissolved oxygen are gradually shifted towards more negative values with increasing concentration of organic peroxides. The polarographic method is suitable for determining these peroxides in concentrations up to 2 × 10−3 mole per liter. Dissolved oxygen does not interfere seriously with the analyses.
THE EXCHANGE OF IODINE BETWEEN INORGANIC IODIDES AND n-BUTYL IODIDE
Authors: Hodgson G. W. , Evans H. G. V. , Winkler C. A.
Published: April 2006

Lithium, sodium, and caesium iodides are highly ionized in acetonitrile solution and have practically the same rates and activation energies (18 kcal. per mole) for their exchange reactions with n-butyl iodide in this solvent. There seems little doubt, therefore, that these exchange reactions occur between the organic iodide and iodide ion derived from the inorganic salt. Zinc and cadmium iodides, and iodine, are only slightly ionized in acetonitrile and exchange with n-butyl iodide with rates that are widely different from one another and from the rate of iodide ion exchange. The activation energies are 21.9, 20.6, and 17.5 kcal. per mole respectively. It is concluded that these exchange reactions involve predominantly complex ions.
SUR LA FLAMME FROIDE DE L'ETHER
Authors: Ouellet Ludovic , Ouellet Cyrias
Published: April 2006

not available
THE ISOTOPIC CONSTITUTION OF GERMANIUM
Authors: Graham R. P. , Macnamara J. , Crocker I. H. , MacFarlane R. B.
Published: April 2006

A mass spectrometric study of the abundances of the isotopes of germanium has been made using germanium tetrachloride and tetrafluoride prepared from germanium compounds of different geological and geographical origins. Germanium has five isotopes: Ge70, Ge72, Ge73, Ge74, and Ge76. Variations in the natural abundance ratios were found, to the extent of 0.7% for the [Formula: see text] ratio. Calculations of the chemical atomic weight of germanium from the isotope abundance of this and of other recent mass spectrometric studies yield values 0.03 to 0.05 units higher than the accepted one.
THE ALCOHOL–GLYCEROL METHOD FOR THE DETERMINATION OF FREE LIME
Authors: Swenson E. G. , Thorvaldson T.
Published: April 2006

A study was made of the alcohol–glycerol method of determining free lime in Portland cement and in mixtures of some aluminates and silicates of calcium.Strontium chloride is an effective accelerator. Calcium chloride is effective for mixtures of the pure silicates, but with Portland cement both it and calcium acetate give reduction of the total time required only at low concentrations and produce low values for free lime at higher concentrations of the salts. Lithium chloride produces acceleration, but magnesium chloride masks the presence of free lime. Addition of water in small amounts reduces the time required for the determination; larger amounts cause high values for free lime in the presence of tricalcium silicate.Lime heated to high temperatures becomes too inert to be determined without reactivation by suitable accelerators.The presence of 5:3 calcium aluminate and alumina interfere with the determination of free lime. The method is not satisfactory for underburnt lime–alumina–silica systems low in tricalcium silicate but is more suitable for such systems high in this compound. The higher values obtained with accelerators are probably more accurate than those obtained without accelerators. High precision may be attained with mixtures of dicalcium silicate, tricalcium silicate, and tricalcium aluminate.
PARTICLE SHAPE IN THIXOTROPIC SUSPENSIONS
Authors: Sirianni A. F. , Moses G. B. , Puddington I. E.
Published: April 2006

Several equations have been proposed that predict the shape of suspended particles when the viscosity of a suspension of known concentration is measured. These are not applicable to suspensions showing thixotropy, owing to the dependence of the measured viscosity on the shear rate used. However, by using viscosity values that have been extrapolated to infinite rate of shear, good agreement has been found between the predicted and measured shapes for particles in thixotropic systems, and the method appears to be suitable for submicroscopic particles. A scheme is also proposed for comparing the degree of thixotropy of different systems.
THE SYNTHESIS AND ULTRAVIOLET SPECTRA OF SOME PYRAZOLONES
Authors: Gagnon Paul E. , Boivin Jean L. , Boivin Paul A. , Jones R. Norman
Published: April 2006

Twenty-five pyrazolones were prepared by reacting mono- or disubstituted cyanoacetic esters with hydrazine, phenylhydrazine and semicarbazide. 4-Benzyl-3-amino-1-phenyl-5-pyrazolone has been synthesized and its properties have been compared with those of the corresponding 2-phenylpyrazolone derivative. The ultraviolet absorption spectra of several pyrazolones have been determined.
INTENSITY INTERFEROMETRY AND TWO-PARTICLE CORRELATIONS IN HEAVY-ION COLLISIONS
Authors: SUN X. , YANG Z.
Published: April 2006

The difference between intensity interferometry and measurements of two-particle momentum correlations in heavy-ion collisions is discussed. These approaches are generally used to estimate the time-space scale of fireballs produced in heavy-ion collisions. It is inferred that the C(q inv ) function will increase with the decrease of q inv for both bosons and fermions, if q inv does not approach zero.
GEOMETRIC OPTIMIZATION PROBLEMS OVER SLIDING WINDOWS
Authors: CHAN TIMOTHY M. , SADJAD BASHIR S.
Published: April 2006

We study the problem of maintaining a (1 + ∊)-factor approximation of the diameter of a stream of points under the sliding window model. In one dimension, we give a simple algorithm that only needs to store [Formula: see text] points at any time, where the parameter R denotes the "spread" of the point set. This bound is optimal and improves Feigenbaum, Kannan, and Zhang's recent solution by two logarithmic factors. We then extend our one-dimensional algorithm to higher constant dimensions and, at the same time, correct an error in the previous solution. In high nonconstant dimensions, we also observe a constant-factor approximation algorithm that requires sublinear space. Related optimization problems, such as the width, are also considered in the two-dimensional case.
CUTTING OUT POLYGONS WITH LINES AND RAYS
Authors: DAESCU OVIDIU , LUO JUN
Published: April 2006

We present approximation algorithms for cutting out a polygon P with n vertices from another convex polygon Q with m vertices by line cuts and ray cuts. For line cuts we require both P and Q are convex while for ray cuts we require Q is convex and P is ray cuttable. Our results answer a number of open problems and are either the first solutions or significantly improve over previously known solutions. For the line cutting version, we prove a key property that leads to a simple, constant factor approximation algorithm. For the ray cutting version, we prove it is possible to compute in almost linear time a cutting sequence that is an O( log 2 n)-factor approximation of an optimal cutting sequence. No algorithms were previously known for the ray cutting version.
INNER RECTANGULAR DRAWINGS OF PLANE GRAPHS
Authors: MIURA KAZUYUKI , HAGA HIROKI , NISHIZEKI TAKAO
Published: April 2006

A drawing of a plane graph is called an inner rectangular drawing if every edge is drawn as a horizontal or vertical line segment so that every inner face is a rectangle. In this paper we show that a plane graph G has an inner rectangular drawing D if and only if a new bipartite graph constructed from G has a perfect matching. We also show that D can be found in time O(n1.5/ log n) if G has n vertices and a sketch of the outer face is prescribed, that is, all the convex outer vertices and concave ones are prescribed.
BOUNDARY-OPTIMAL TRIANGULATION FLOODING
Authors: NOWAKOWSKI RICHARD J. , ZEH NORBERT
Published: April 2006

Given a planar triangulation all of whose faces are initially white, we study the problem of colouring the faces black one by one so that the boundary between black and white faces as well as the number of connected black and white regions are small at all times. We call such a colouring sequence of the triangles a flooding. We prove that a flooding with boundary size [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] regions can be computed in [Formula: see text] time. We also prove that it is in general impossible to guarantee boundary size [Formula: see text], for any ∊ > 0, and a number of regions that is o( log n), where n is the number of faces of the triangulation.
EVERY (k + 1)-AFFINE COMPLETE NILPOTENT GROUP OF CLASS k IS AFFINE COMPLETE
Authors: AICHINGER ERHARD , ECKER JÜRGEN
Published: April 2006

We let G be a group, and we let k be a natural number. We assume that G is nilpotent of class at most k, and that every (k + 1)-ary congruence preserving function on G is a polynomial function.

We show that then every congruence preserving function on G (of any finite arity) is a polynomial function.
THE EXISTENCE OF A PATTERN WHICH IS 5-AVOIDABLE BUT 4-UNAVOIDABLE
Authors: CLARK RONALD J.
Published: April 2006

A word W avoids a pattern P if for any substitution α of the letters of P with nonempty words, α(P) is not a subword of W. The avoidability index of a pattern P is the smallest n for which P is avoided by infinitely many words over an n-letter alphabet. Heretofore, every known avoidable pattern has had avoidability index 2, 3 or 4. This paper shows that the pattern Pρ = abvacwbaxbcycdazdcd has avoidability index 5.
THE LINEARITY OF THE CONJUGACY PROBLEM IN WORD-HYPERBOLIC GROUPS
Authors: EPSTEIN DAVID , HOLT DEREK
Published: April 2006

The main result proved in this paper is that the conjugacy problem in word-hyperbolic groups is solvable in linear time. This is using a standard RAM model of computation, in which basic arithmetical operations on integers are assumed to take place in constant time. The constants involved in the linear time solution are all computable explicitly.

We also give a proof of the result of Mike Shapiro that in a word-hyperbolic group a word in the generators can be transformed into short-lex normal form in linear time. This is used in the proof of our main theorem, but is a significant theoretical result of independent interest, which deserves to be in the literature. Previously the best known result was a quadratic estimate.
LOGICAL ASPECTS OF CAYLEY-GRAPHS: THE MONOID CASE
Authors: KUSKE DIETRICH , LOHREY MARKUS
Published: April 2006

Cayley-graphs of monoids are investigated under a logical point of view. It is shown that the class of monoids, for which the Cayley-graph has a decidable monadic second-order theory, is closed under free products. This result is derived from a result of Walukiewicz, stating that the decidability of monadic second-order theories is preserved under tree-like unfoldings. Concerning first-order logic, it is shown that the class of monoids, for which the Cayley-graph has a decidable first-order theory, is closed under arbitrary graph products, which generalize both, free and direct products. For the proof of this result, tree-like unfoldings are generalized to so-called factorized unfoldings. It is shown that the decidability of the first-order theory of a structure is preserved by factorized unfoldings. Several additional results concerning factorized unfoldings are shown.
SUPER RSK-ALGORITHMS AND SUPER PLACTIC MONOID
Authors: LA SCALA ROBERTO , NARDOZZA VINCENZO , SENATO DOMENICO
Published: April 2006

We construct the analog of the plactic monoid for the super semistandard Young tableaux over a signed alphabet. This is done by developing a generalization of the Knuth's relations. Moreover we get generalizations of Greene's invariants and Young–Pieri rule. A generalization of the symmetry theorem in the signed case is also obtained. Except for this last result, all the other results are proved without restrictions on the orderings of the alphabets.
THE BARE DIFFUSION COEFFICIENT AND THE PECULIAR VELOCITY AUTO-CORRELATION FUNCTION
Authors: VARLEY RODNEY L.
Published: April 2006

The bare diffusion coefficient is given as the time integral of the peculiar velocity autocorrelation function or PVACF and this result is different from the well known Green-Kubo formula. The bare diffusion coefficient characterizes the diffusion process on a length scale lambda. The PVACF is given here for the first time in terms of the positions and velocities of the N particles of the system so the PVACF is in a form suitable for evaluation by molecular dynamics simulations. The computer simulations show that for the two dimensional hard disk system, the PVACF decays increasingly rapidly in time as lambda is reduced and this is probably a general characteristic. Finally, the Einstein formula for Brownian motion is a bit different for the bare diffusion coefficient.