bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Modeling of Tumor Occurrence and Growth – II
Authors: Antontsev S.N. , Papin А.А. , Tokareva M.A. , Leonova E.I. , Gridushko E.A.
Published: June 2021

This paper considers the mathematical model of tumor growth along a blood vessel. The model employs the mixture theory approach to describe a tissue that consists of cells, extracellular matrix, and liquid. The growing tumor tissue is supposed to be surrounded by the host tissue. Tumors, where complete oxidation of glucose prevails, are considered. Special attention is paid to consistent descriptions of oxygen consumption and growth processes based on the energy balance. The level set method is used to track an interface between the tissues. The simulations show localization of the tumor within a limited distance from the vessels and constant expansion speed along the vessels. Cancer disease manifests itself as abnormally excessive cell proliferation. This is the result of dysregulation of normal constraints on cellular proliferation. This fact has serious implications on the morphology of the growth. The intensive proliferation of tumor cells creates cell populations distant from blood vessels and deprived of nutrient and oxygen supply while most of the cells in the human body are within few cell diameters from a blood vessel. This leads to the formation of cylindrical structures around blood vessels.
Von der Fähigkeit des Menschen, das Gute zu tun
Authors: Wöhrle Jakob
Published: June 2021

The Cain and Abel narrative is often read as a story of how sin spread among humans after the fall in the Garden of Eden. However, this common interpretation does not hold up. In the context of the non-priestly primeval history, the Cain and Abel narrative rather reflects on the person of Cain the consequences of the previously acquired knowledge of good and evil. According to the Cain and Abel narrative, the person endowed with knowledge of good and evil is undoubtedly capable of doing good. But he must also want to do the good. He must orient his actions towards the good. If he does this, he can live with a clear conscience. If he does not, then - and only then - he risks falling into the realm of sin and succumbing to sin.
Interreligiös Theologie betreiben?
Authors: Wrogemann Henning
Published: June 2021

The religious pluralization of Western societies raises the question: Should theology also be pursued interreligiously in this setting? This paper critically inquires into how »interreligious theology« is to be understood, distinguishing between position, methodology, and institutionalized space. The paper takes a spatial theory approach as it considers the theological quality of spaces of distance, devotion, and tactfulness. Methodologically, it reflects on whether the term »interreligious« is intended to refer to work done with texts, shared rituals, or the sharing of spaces - and what the implications of this may be. In view of the »outcomes« of interreligious theological work, the piece distinguishes between the religious worldview and the many truths. It unequivocally affirms the feasibility of an interreligious pursuit of theology on the basis of a confessionally grounded Christian identity.
Prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in various regions of the Russian Federation: results of the first stage of the multicenter cross-sectional randomized study
Authors: Pigarova Ekaterina A. , Rozhinskaya Liudmila Y. , Katamadze Nino N. , Povaliaeva Alexandra A. , Troshina Ekaterina A.
Published: June 2021

Background. A vitamin D deficiency is a global wide health problem. Inadequate vitamin D status leads to serious medical, social and economic consequences and requires timely diagnosis and adequate correction.

Aim: to assess the incidence of vitamin D deficiency among the population living in regions of the Russian Federation located at latitudes from 45° to 70° and to study its relationship to various factors (demographic, socio-economic, geographical, etc.).

Materials and methods. A multicenter, cross-sectional, randomized study of individuals of both sexes aged 18 to 50 years. The study of 25ОНD level in the blood serum was carried out by INVITRO LLC laboratories using chemilumescent analysis in two stages: in the period from March to May 2020 and from October to November 2020. The first stage of the study involved 500 volunteers (77% women, 23% men). Demographic and socioeconomic characteristics, factors associated with vitamin D levels, were assessed using a specially designed questionnaire.

Results. In this article we present the results of the first stage. A countrywide high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency (56.4%) and insufficiency (27.9%) was revealed, that is, 84.3% of the population aged 18–50 years requires cholecalciferol supplementation. The lowest vitamin D status was found in St. Petersburg, Arkhangelsk, Kyzyl and Rostov-on-Don (over 90% of participants had inadequate levels). A decrease in the level of 25ОНD was observed to a greater extent in men than in women (p <0.05), as well as in young people aged 18–25 years (p <0.05). No major association of vitamin D status with anthropometric parameters, the number of days of disability, were not found. However, those who went to tanning beds or were in direct sunlight for at least 30 days a year had higher levels of 25ОНD, and those using sunscreens had lower levels.

Conclusion. The data obtained confirms the widespread prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency in the country (84.3% of participants), generally not related to the geographical latitude of residence, which indicates the need for vitamin D supplementation in a significant part of the population.
PROCESSOS PEDOGENÉTICOS E SUSCEPTIBILIDADE DOS SOLOS À DEGRADAÇÃO NO SEMIÁRIDO BRASILEIRO
Authors: Macedo Rodrigo Santana , Beirigo Raphael Moreira , Medeiros Beatriz Macêdo , Felix Victor Junior Lima , Souza Renato Francisco da Silva , Bakker Alexandre Pereira de
Published: June 2021

As relações dos processos pedogenéticos específicos e a susceptibilidade dos solos à degradação no semiárido nordestino ainda não foram satisfatoriamente esclarecidas. Esse entendimento pode subsidiar intervenções e políticas públicas que atenuem e/ou revertam à degradação dos solos. O objetivo dessa pesquisa foi avaliar a relação entre processos pedogenéticos específicos e a susceptibilidade dos solos a degradação/desertificação nas microrregiões do Seridó e Cariri. Foram atualizadas as classes de solos das unidades de mapeamento (UM) dos estados da Paraíba e Rio Grande do Norte. Essas novas UM foram sobrepostas com áreas fortemente degradadas (AFD). Áreas degradadas estão predominantemente associadas com Luvissolos Háplicos Pálicos abrúpticos e Neossolos Litólicos Eutróficos típicos e fragmentários no Seridó e com Luvissolos Crômicos Órticos típicos e vertissólicos no Cariri. O predomínio da agropecuária na maioria das AFD confirma a forte pressão antrópica sobre o meio ambiente. A mudança textural abrupta aumenta a susceptibilidade dos Luvissolos e Planossolos à degradação. Antrossolização pode acelerar a erosão, salinização, sodificação e solodização. Como consequência tem-se perdas de solos, de sua qualidade física e assoreamento de corpos hídricos. As relações entre processos pedogenéticos e degradação das terras são compreendidas com a avaliação dos solos em níveis categóricos mais elevados (subgrupo).
DESENVOLVIMENTO DE COMPLEMENTO QGIS PARA PROCESSAMENTO DE MAPAS MORFOMÉTRICOS
Authors: Amorim Fabricio Rosa , Reolon Schmidt Marcio Augusto , Phillipi Camboim Silvana , Sodré de Araújo Niédja , Stamato Delazari Luciene
Published: June 2021

Este trabalho tem por objetivo descrever os procedimentos para aquisição de dados de elevação, bem como descrever o processamento desses dados para a produção de mapas morfométricos para o território brasileiro. Os dados de elevação trabalhados nessa pesquisa são um Modelo Digital de Elevação (MDE) em formato raster e o MDE Topodata, oriundo do Banco de Dados Morfométricos do Brasil. Para tanto, utilizou-se o software QGIS para hospedar o sistema de processamento desenvolvido, assim, abarcando a interface para manipulação dos dados pelos usuários. O processo para a produção dos mapas se deu a partir de implementação de códigos de processamento em linguagem python no software Aton. Os resultados apontam a extensa gama de produtos que podem ser gerados com técnicas de implementação de códigos de geoprocessamento por meio dos softwares utilizados. Esse trabalho irá subsidiar o planejamento e a gestão territorial por meio da análise de variáveis do relevo, bem como facilitará e servirá de base para futuros estudos nessa temática.
Adaptation of Mangrove Ecotourism Management to Coastal Environment Changes in the Special Region of Yogyakarta
Authors: KHAKHIM Nurul , MUSTHOFA Azis , WICAKSONO Arief , LAZUARDI Wahyu , PRATAMA Dimas Novandias Damar , MARFAI Muh Aris
Published: June 2021

Ecotourism is a practice of utilizing natural ecosystems to support education and conservation efforts. In the Special Region of Yogyakarta (SRY), Indonesia, two mangrove ecosystems have been designated as protected areas and ecotourism sites. However, it is undeniable that the need for space for infrastructure development has been detrimental to these areas. This research set out to identify changes occurring nearby mangrove ecosystems and the impacts they would potentially have in the future. It used a triangulation method that combined secondary data analysis, observation, and primary data collection through in-depth interviews. The observed coastal environments experienced, among others, extensive conversion of agricultural land for the Yogyakarta International Airport (YIA) construction, increased tourism growth and pressures, and varying artificial modifications in parts of mangrove ecosystems utilized for mass tourism; all of which could disrupt sustainability and reduce the ecological functions of mangroves. Intensive aquaculture and iron sand mining in the vicinity could also negatively affect the mangrove ecosystem and ecotourism. Within a certain period, these anthropogenic activities are most likely to pose significant threats to the preservation of mangrove ecotourism. Regional spatial plans are an example of instruments required to regulate sustainable spatial planning and protect mangrove ecosystems.
Sierra Gorda Biosphere Reserve, Querétaro, Mexico: An Example of Sustainable Tourism
Authors: HUERTA-MENDOZA Ana-Karen , FISCHER Laura
Published: June 2021

The importance of tourism in the economy and development, from countries worldwide and specifically to Mexico, makes it increasingly necessary to carry out tourism activities and create sustainable policies that reduce the impacts of the mass movement of tourists. The work aims to present the different actions carried out in the Sierra Gorda Biosphere Reserve, Querétaro, Mexico that allow it to offer ecotourism activities and develop sustainable projects, which benefit the surrounding communities and allows the tourist a low impact approach with nature. Promoting a sustainable entrepreneurship model by consolidating economic development with biodiversity conservation.
Alteration of Spatial Pollution Compounds to Eutrophication Phenomenon of Small-Scale Area under Corona Virus Disease Circumstances
Authors: CHETIA Rashmi , SAWASDEE Vanatpornratt , POPRADIT Ananya , HASIN Sasitorn
Published: June 2021

This research aims to study the alteration of spatial pollution compounds to the eutrophication phenomenon in water resources during the COVID-19 situation. Sixteen water resources were monitored to examine the impact of spatial pollution compound on eutrophication phenomenon discovered from the activities of the Valaya Alongkorn Rajabhat University under the Royal Patronage. The analytical parameters were DO, nitrite (NO2-), nitrate (NO3-), ammonia (NH3), phosphate (PO4-), and Total kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN) collected in three months (November 2020, January 2021, and March 2021). This research has presented the differences in water resource characters in three months and the positive impact of the COVID-19 lockdown on wastewater. The total nitrogen was highest in November 2020 when compared with that of in January and March 2021 because it was a ‘normal situation’ (no lockdown) in November. The student, officer, lecturer, and government visitors came to use the facilities of the university. The results of total kjeldahl nitrogen showed a high range during the working period. The effect of P was higher on the water bodies in November than January and March because in November was a normal situation (no lockdown). The N:P ratio showed different trends to the eutrophication phenomenon with nitrogen and phosphate. Therefore, a comparison between a situation with lockdown and no lockdown showed that the lockdown situation was environment friendly. Finally, the results also confirm an improvement in environmental quality, which happened when humans were absent, especially in coronavirus circumstances.
Effect of Silver Nano Particle Microalgae Chlorella pyrenoidosa and Dunaliella salina on Growth and Survival of Penaeus monodon Larvae
Authors: Kusumaningrum Hermin Pancasakti , Zainuri Muhammad , Marhaendrajaya Indras , Subagio Agus , Widianingsih Widianingsih , Endrawati Hadi , Fadillah Annisa , Zulkarnain Muhammad Iskandar , Muliastuti Yuvita , Misbach Imam
Published: June 2021

Penaeus monodon is one of the most important farmed crustaceans. Its also known as Asia Tiger Shrimp because its carapace and abdomen are transversely banded with red and white. The use of synthetic antibiotic in aquaculture had caused problems related to health and environmental safety. Chlorella pyrenoidosa and Dunaliella salina are photosynthetic microalgae. Silver nano particle in microalgae C. pyrenoidosa and D. salina had synthesized and showed their growth stability. They offer a potency to be exploited to supported growth and survival of shrimp larvae. The objective of the study was the application of silver nano particle in microalgae C. pyrenoidosa and D. salina on P. monodon larvae. The research methodology was carried out by making microalgae C. pyrenoidosa and D. salina containing silver nano particle and used as feed of shrimp larvae. Observations were made on the growth and survival of shrimp larvae compared to both microalgae and common feed. The results showed that the P. monodon larvae  have the higher growth and survival rate with microalgae C. pyrenoidosa at the beginning of their growth compared to D. salina. However, microalgae without nanosilver and common feed showed a better result for growth and activity of shrimp larvae.
Hubungan Panjang Berat Teripang Holothuria atra di Pulau Panjang, Jepara
Authors: Permata Primaswatantri , Suryono Suryono , Lokollo Frijona F. , Widianingsih Widianingsih , Endrawati Hadi , Zainuri Muhammad , Hartati Retno
Published: June 2021

Holothuria atra merupakan salah satu teripang dan sering dijumpai berasosiasi dengan padang lamun dan  substrat pasir.  Walaupun bernilai ekonomi rendah, secara ekologi mempunyai manfaat sebagai bioturbator dan mempunyai potensi dalam bidang farmaseutical. Teripang ini ditenukan hidup di Pulau Panjang, dengan karakteristik perairan tertutup dan dangkal dengan akses yang mudah untuk wisatawan maupun perikanan tangkap yang dapat menjadi tekanan bagi populasi teripang tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk untuk mengetahui hubungan panjang dan berat populasi teripang H. atra di Pulau Panjang, Jepara pada lokasi padang lamun dan pecahan karang dimana H. atra banyak ditemukan. Metode penelitian yang dipergunakan adalah metode deskriptif eksploratif dengan melakukan pengambilan sampel H. atra dengan teknik sampling complete enumeration pada luas lokasi penelitian yang telah ditentukan.  Hasil penelitian  menunjukkan kepadatan teripang di stasiun padang lamun (Stasiun A) lebih rendah dengan distribusi ukuran yang lebih kecil daripada di stasiun pecahan karang (Stasiun B). Pada semua stasiun dan waktu pengambilan sampel, pola pertumbuhan relatif yang ditunjukkan oleh hubungan panjang dan berat teripang H. atra bersifat allometrik negatif dengan keeratan hubungan yag sangat kecil. Hal ini disebabkan oleh kesulitan pengukuran pada teripang yang bertubuh lunak dengan elastisitas dinding tubuh (integument), isi pada sistem pencernaan makanannya dan kandungan cairan coelomic (rongga tubuh) yang dapat membuat bias analisa.Holothuria atra is one of species sea cucumbers often found in association with seagrass beds and sand substrates. Although it has low economic value, ecologically it has benefits as a bioturbator and has potential in the pharmaceutical. It is found in Panjang Island, which has characteristic of  closed and shallow waters with easy access for tourists and capture fisheries which can put pressure on the sea cucumber population. This study aimed to determine the relationship between length and weight of H. atra population in the seagrass bed and rubble area in Panjang Island, Jepara. The research method used is descriptive exploratory and H. atra were sampled using a complete enumeration sampling technique at a predetermined area of the research location. The results showed that the density of sea cucumbers at the seagrass beds station (Station A) was lower with a smaller size distribution than at the rubble station (Station B). At all stations and sampling times, the relative growth pattern shown by the correlation between length and weight of H. atra is negative allometric with very small relationship value. This was due to the difficulty of measuring soft-bodied sea cucumbers with the elasticity of the body wall (integument), the contents of the digestive system and coelomic fluid in the body cavity which can bias the analysis.
Recent Evolution of Intellectual Property Enforcement in Georgia
Authors: Taliashvili Tamar , Shamatava Irakli
Published: June 2021

The article elaborates on the topic of the new wave of evolution of the protection of intellectual property in Georgia inspired by signing the Eu–Georgia Association Agreement, (AA—the Association Agreement between Georgia and the Eu and the nuclear Energy Association of Europe and its Member States). The harmonization process is an impressive field of law on its own. The article deals only with particular issues, such as the role and critical characteristics of the harmonization of intellectual property protection and enforcement mechanisms in Georgia.

In this context, the article examines the legal nature of the amendments to the Civil procedure Code of Georgia (GCpC), in particular, a new chapter of enforcement regulations, that has been introduced to the GCPC—‘Specificities in proceedings of the infringement of exclusive right of intellectual property’.

The article is predicated upon the allegation that the new legal introductions are merely of a formal character, while the enforcement mechanisms and remedies, as a significant part of Georgian civil legislation, had already been in place and Georgia had ratified major international intellectual property agreements. The article deals with the legal problem of the application of the intellectual property enforcement amendments by the judiciary and measures the practical impact.

The hypothesis of the analysis is to consider whether further developments are necessary to contribute to a consistent approach to the adjudication of intellectual property enforcement disputes in Georgian courts and to promote the efficient implementation of the novel intellectual property enforcement mechanisms into the Georgian legal system.

The analysis of the characteristics of the impact of harmonization on intellectual property as of intangible rights proves to have wide-ranging benefits for the holders of intellectual property in Georgia or elsewhere in Europe.
Transforming Georgia’s regulations on Shareholders’ right to interim dividend Confronting the European Company Law
Authors: Tokhadze Ana
Published: June 2021

The article provides a critical legal analysis of Georgia’s regulations on the interim dividend payment and highlights the necessity of proper amendments to comply with European company law. Since having an EU-Georgia Association Agreement signed, the dynamic process of Europeanization has put various legislative changes on the agenda, which also regard shareholders’ proprietary rights. This article briefly gives a novel insight into the distribution of interim dividends from a comparative point of view. It suggests the possibly scrutinized coverage of the legal preconditions along with liability consequences for the interim dividend declaration from the perspective of both shareholders and joint stock companies in Georgia. The article emphasizes the structure of the corporation, which naturally bedrocks the potential conflict of interests between the shareholders and creditors. The topic also endorses questioning Georgia’s rules on capital maintenance in relation to the interim dividend distribution. Hence, the study reveals prevailing regulatory lapses and makes pertinent recommendations on the alignment of the financial interests of those mentioned. Last but not least, the article exposes how directors on the credible basis of their fiduciary duties are assigned to divert assets of the corporation since their rationality in decision-making is expected to meet the best interests of the company.
“Conditioned” Quality Assurance of Higher Education in Georgia: Talking the EU Talk
Authors: Amashukeli Mariam , Lezhava Diana , Chitashvili Marine
Published: June 2021

The article discusses the latest wave of the higher education quality assurance (QA) reform, implemented by the Government of Georgia in response to its obligations envisaged by the EU–Georgia Association Agreement and its consequent Association Agenda 2017–2020. We argue that Eu conditionality was a major driving factor for the modernization of Georgian QA system according to the European Standards and Guidelines for Quality Assurance (ESG 2015), and even though the reform was mostly implemented in the framework of the country’s EU integration, an expected reward in the form of the membership of the European Association for Quality Assurance in Higher Education (ENQA) granted to the national Center for Educational Quality Enhancement (NCEQE) of Georgia was the major driving force for implementing the reform successfully. While this reward-driven reform has resulted in the ENQA membership, it has not inevitably led to building a sustainable, independent and development-oriented external quality assurance system for the enhancement of Georgian higher education. Therefore, the entire QA reform was merely aimed at “talking the EU talk” (Schimmelfennig & Sedelmeier, 2005, p. 27) by the Georgian government instead of actually being focused on the development of internal “quality culture” in Georgian higher education institutions.
Election Campaigning: The Case of Georgia
Authors: Melikidze Giorgi
Published: June 2021

Preparing for elections during election campaigning has been topical in every era. In the 19th century, new methods for carrying out election campaigns were developed in the United States. The Americanization of election campaigns is characterized by political personalization, the special role of the media in a pre-election period, brittle ideological grounds and particular specialization of the political campaign. A plethora of different concepts have been coined to explain this process, including ‘Americanization’ and ‘professionalization’. As the uS is identified as the origin of election campaigning trends, these assumed convergences came to be known in academic writing as ‘Americanization’. Election campaigning was in need of professionals hired to navigate the campaign’s strategy. With the emergence of campaign advisors, the term ‘professionalization’ was introduced.

In Georgia, the first steps on the way to statehood were made at the beginning of the 1990s, following the 70 years of Soviet rule. in post-Soviet Georgia, multiparty and competitive elections enabled political parties to use foreign experience in political campaigning. The goal of the present article is to define the existing election campaign model in Georgia, and especially, to examine the tendencies of Americanization in the election campaigns in Georgia in the period of 1990–2016. According to the research hypothesis, the weak institutionalization of the party system creates a favorable ground for the Americanization of political campaigning. in the 1990s, the weak representativeness of Georgian parties played an important role in political campaigning since the very beginning. in the research process, the characteristics of political campaigns in post-Soviet Georgia were analyzed.

This study makes use of qualitative research methods, including: (a) expert interviews with political consultants; (b) in-depth interviews with representatives of political parties; and (c) in-depth interviews with the selected electorate. Qualitative research methods were chosen for the work for the purpose of understanding the tendencies of the Americanization of election campaigning in Georgia from the respondents’ perspective. Qualitative methods are more explicit and descriptive, and by gathering responses like these, it is possible to gain a deeper understanding of the subject.
Die Häufigkeit von Verben in fachlichen und öffentlichen Texten in deutscher Sprache
Authors: Cho See-Young , Parlar Koray , Roelcke Thorsten
Published: June 2021

Die Grammatik in fachsprachlichen Texten unterscheidet sich – so die allgemein verbreitete Hypothese – von derjenigen in allgemeinsprachlichen Texten insbesondere durch die unterschiedliche Vorkommenshäufigkeit einzelner morphologischer oder syntaktischer Erscheinungen. In dem Beitrag wird gezeigt, dass Verben wie auch einzelne Verbarten und -formen in fachlichen Texten (hier: Dissertationen und Bürgerliches Gesetzbuch) in einem geringeren Maße erscheinen als in allgemeinsprachlichen des öffentlichen Sprachgebrauchs (Nachrichten und World Wide Web). Aus diesen Ergebnissen werden Hypothesen für weitere Analysen generiert.
IG II21623, 276–285. AthensversusPirates: between Recovery, Need and Patriotism
Authors: Verdejo-Manchado Javier , Antela-Bernárdez Borja
Published: June 2021

Scholars have usually understood the epigraphical evidence for an Athenian naval mission led by Diotimos as an example of the treaties in the framework of the Corinthian League and Athens’ role as guarantor of security on the seas. Nevertheless, a close look at the main characters involved in the inscription and the mission of Diotimos, as well as to the historical context and the rise of the Macedonian hegemony, seems to allow a new interpretation of the evidence, in order to shed some light on the nature of Diotimos’ mission.
Supplicationes. Dankfeste als Komponente inneraristokratischer Konkurrenz in der römischen Republik
Authors: Karataş Sema
Published: June 2021

Der Beitrag ordnet diesupplicationesvon den Anfängen bis in die letzte Phase der späten Republik in die laufende Debatte um die inneraristokratische Konkurrenz der politischen Elite Roms ein. Im Vordergrund steht die Frage nach der Rolle und Funktion dersupplicatioals Distinktionsmerkmal im Wettkampf umhonosundhonores. Die Genehmigung einersupplicatiosah für die erfolgreichen Feldherren eine besonders prominente Rolle innerhalb des Rituals vor und hob sie zugleich aus dem Kreis ihrer Konkurrenten hervor. Das hohe Interesse der Feldherren an einersupplicatiowird bei der Untersuchung derjenigen Dankfeste deutlich, die vom Senat abgelehnt wurden: Schließlich stellte diesupplicatioeinen Zwischenschritt nach der Verleihung desimperator-Titels, aber vor der Genehmigung des Triumphs dar.
A taxonomy of antonymy in Arabic: Egyptian and Saudi proverbs in comparison
Authors: Hassanein Hamada , Mahzari Mohammad
Published: June 2021

This study has set out to identify, quantify, typify, and exemplify the discourse functions of canonical antonymy in Arabic paremiography by comparing two manually collected datasets from Egyptian and Saudi (Najdi) dialects. Building upon Jones’s (2002) most extensive and often-cited classification of the discourse functions of antonyms as they co-occur within syntactic frames in news discourse, the study has substantially revised this classification and developed a provisional and dynamic typology thereof. Two major textual functions are found to be quantitatively significant and qualitatively preponderant: ancillarity (wherein an A-pair of canonical antonyms project their antonymicity onto a more important B-pair) and coordination (wherein one antonym holds an inclusive or exhaustive relation to another antonym). Three new functions have been developed and added to the retrieved classification: subordination (wherein one antonym occurs in a subordinate clause while the other occurs in a main clause), case-marking (wherein two opposite cases are served by two antonyms), and replacement (wherein one antonym is substituted with another). Semicanonical and noncanonical guises of antonymy are left and recommended for future research.
State-of-the-art in methane-reforming reactor modeling: challenges and new insights
Authors: Fabrik Michael , Salama Amgad , Ibrahim Hussameldin
Published: June 2021

The reforming of methane is an important industrial process, and reactor modeling and simulation is frequently employed as a design and analysis tool in understanding this process. While much research work is devoted to catalyst formulations, reaction mechanisms, and reactor designs, this review aims to summarize the literature concerning the simulation of methane reforming. Applications in industrial practice are highlighted, and the three main approaches to representing the reactions are briefly discussed. An overview of simulation studies focusing on methane reforming is presented. The three central methods for fixed-bed reactor modeling are discussed. Various approaches and modern examples are discussed, presenting their modeling methods and key findings. The overall objective of this paper is to provide a dedicated review of simulation work done for methane reforming and provide a reference for understanding this field and identifying possible new paths.
Sedes webs de las universidades cubanas. Análisis de su presencialidad en internet
Authors: Montero Esteva Amelie , Castillo Díaz Ana , Rodríguez Rodríguez Aline Marie
Published: June 2021

Esta investigación presenta un análisis de las sedes web de 20 universidades cubanas adscritas al Ministerio de Educación Superior (MES) de Cuba. Su diseño está basado en la construcción de la representación analítica de cuatro dimensiones fundamentales: contenido, apariencia, accesibilidad y posicionamiento SEO. El objetivo esencial del trabajo es analizar el estado de los sitios webs de las universidades cubanas. Para ello, se procede a la definición y aplicación de un grupo de indicadores que nos permitirá analizar los contenidos, la apariencia, la accesibilidad y posicionamiento SEO respectivamente. Con base en la literatura científica sobre gestión de la comunicación digital y, de manera específica, sobre la gestión de sedes webs universitarias, se definieron esos indicadores y una serie de parámetros que permitieron evaluar la situación actual de la universidad cubana. Este estudio en las sedes web universitarias cubanas evidencia resultados no muy alentadores en la gestión de contenidos y, sobre todo, deficiencias sobre la comunicación y difusión de las funciones de estos centros, como instituciones que vinculan la docencia e investigación con el desarrollo social.
Perception of Intellectual Capital and Its Impact on Business Sustainability: Evidence from Small, Medium, and Large Enterprises
Authors: Gross-Gołacka Elwira , Kusterka-Jefmańska Marta , Spałek Paulina , Jefmański Bartłomiej
Published: June 2021

The main goal of this article is to analyze the level of differentiation of awareness and knowledge among managers of small, medium and large enterprises in the scope of the essence and meaning of intellectual capital as well as the influence of its elements on the sustainable development of enterprises in Poland. Intellectual capital is perceived as a key resource of an enterprise. It is also one of the most valuable resources of an enterprise, which enables its sustainable development. It is critical base of organization’s innovative and strategic sustainability. This article is based around the results of a survey conducted in 2019 among 1,067 enterprises operating in Poland. For the purposes of the verification of the statistical hypothesis, the classical chi-squared test of independence has been applied along with the analysis of variations for fuzzy numbers (FANOVA) with an assumed level of significance α = 0.05. The assessment of the influence of the elements of intellectual capital on the sustainable development of enterprises has been conducted with the application of fuzzy conversion scales. In fuzzy conversion scales, points are most often expressed as triangular or trapezoidal fuzzy numbers. The conducted research indicates a difference between theory and practice in the field of intellectual capital management among enterprises in Poland. On the one hand managers declare awareness of the importance of the influence of intellectual capital on the development of enterprises in Poland, whereas on the other hand, a significant majority of them state that they have not implemented an intellectual capital management strategy at their enterprises and neither identify nor measure this capital or its elements.
COVID-19 and the Anatomy of the Rally Effect in Taiwan
Authors: Wang T. Y. , Cheng Su-Feng
Published: June 2021

Research has shown that major international events can produce a “rally ’round the flag” effect that boosts citizens’ support for an American president. This study examines such an effect in Taiwan, when the country was confronted by the COVID-19 pandemic. We find that citizens who previously disapproved of the president did become more likely to gather around their leader. The public’s support was contingent on the president’s ability to handle the crisis. This is one of the few studies on this effect conducted outside the US, and its findings represent a significant step toward broadening the scope of analysis.
Dylan Goes Electric
Authors: Lofton Kathryn
Published: June 2021

Within the study of rock music, religion appears as a racial marker or a biographical attribute. The concept of religion, and its co-produced opposite, the secular, needs critical analysis in popular music studies. To inaugurate this work this article returns to the moment in singer-songwriter Bob Dylan’s career that is most unmarked by religion, namely his appearance with an electric guitar at the 1965 Newport Folk Festival. Dylan’s going electric became, through subsequent years of narrative attention, a secularizing event. “Secularizing event” is a phrase coined to capture how certain epochal moments become transforming symbols of divestment; here, a commitment writ into rock criticism as one in which rock emerged by giving up something that had been holding it back. Through a study of this 1965 moment, as well as the history of electrification that preceded it and its subsequent commentarial reception, the unreflective secular of rock criticism is exposed.
‘You cannot expect miracles to happen overnight’: patience pays off when you wish to establish a new adrenocortical carcinoma cell line
Authors: Lalli Enzo
Published: June 2021

Growing attention is being paid to the association of adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC), a rare endocrine malignancy, to cancer predisposition syndromes caused by germline mutations in genes involved in the control of genome stability. Tumour cells with a defective DNA mismatch repair pathway have a high mutation burden, which results in the production of tumour-associated specific neoantigens and in an increase of the sensitivity to therapies that loosen the constraints of tumour attack by the immune system. The study by Landwehr et al. published in a recent issue of the European Journal of Endocrinology describes a patient with an aggressive ACC bearing a germline MUTYH mutation with loss of heterozygosity in the tumour and accumulation of 8-hydroxyguanine in its genomic DNA. The authors managed to establish a novel differentiated cell line from that tumour which bears the stigma of the defective DNA repair mechanism in its genome. The availability of this new cell model inside the expanding toolbox of the ACC cell lines will allow for novel experimental possibilities, in particular for the study of the tumour microenvironment and the response to immunotherapy.
Diş Hekimliği Fakültesi Öğrencilerinin Ortodonti Anabilim Dalında Uzmanlık Eğitimi Alınması ile İlgili Bakış Açıları
Authors: SEZEN ERHAMZA Turkan , ÇINARSOY CİĞERİM Saadet
Published: June 2021

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, diş hekimliği öğrencilerinin kariyer seçimlerinde rol oynayan faktörleri tanımlayabilmek, uzmanlık dalları ile ilgili gelecek planlalarını belirleyebilmek ve Ortodonti Bölümü’nde uzmanlaşma ile ilgili düşüncelerini ortaya koyabilmektir.
Gereç ve Yöntemler: Çalışmamız Kırıkkale Üniversitesi Diş Hekimliği Fakültesi’nde dördüncü ve beşinci sınıfta eğitim görmekte olan 157 öğrenciye (115 kadın, 42 erkek) uygulanmış 10 soruluk bir anketten oluşan epidemiyolojik tanımlayıcı bir araştırmadır. 83 kişi dördüncü sınıf, 74 kişi ise beşinci sınıf öğrencisidir. Verilerin analizi Ki-kare testi ile yapıldı.
Bulgular: Çalışmaya dahil edilen yaşları 20 ile 27 aralığında olan 157 bireyin yaş ortalaması 22,96±1,26’dır. Öğrencilerin %59,9’luk yüksek bir oranı okul öncesi dönemde Ortodonti bölümünden haberdarlardı. %56,1’i gelecekte Ortodonti alanında ihtiyacın fazla olacağını düşündü. Uzmanlık hayal edilen ilk üç bölüm sırasıyla Ağız, Diş ve Çene Cerrahisi (%20), Ortodonti (%17,2) ve Pedodonti (%13,8) idi. Hasta bakımı ve diş hekimliği açısından en etkili bölüm Ağız, Diş ve Çene Cerrahisi olarak bulundu. Ortodonti bu kategorilerde en alt sıralarda yer aldı. Öğrenciler ortodonti alanında uzmanlaşmak istemelerinin en önemli nedenini %35,7’lik oran ile maddi kazanç olarak belirttiler.
Sonuç: Uzmanlık dalı seçiminde klinik deneyimler, maddi kazanç, uzmanlık dalına olan ilgi gibi faktörler önemli bulundu. Ortodonti Bölümü uzmanlık hayal edilen bölümler arasında ilk sıralarda yer aldı.
Production, purification, and characterization of alkaline protease from Aspergillus flavus and its compatibility with commercial detergents
Authors: Wajeeha Amtul W. , Asad M. Javaid , Mahmood Raja Tahir , Zainab Tayyaba , Nazir Sidrah , Khan Jehangir , Shah Muhammad B. , Ahmed Maqsood , Shah Syed L. , Ismail Muhammad , Zaman Nasib , Ahmed Dawood , Khan M. Imran , Rizwan Muhammad
Published: June 2021

Aspergillus flavus was used to produce alkaline protease. Solid state fermentation (SSF) strategy was adopted to explore the most favorable physical and nutritional conditions for enzyme production. Maximum production was achieved at pH 6.0 and a temperature of 30 °C after 84 h of growth period. For the optimization of the chemical parameters, different carbon and nitrogen sources were used including glucose, fructose, sucrose, ammonium sulphate, and urea. Maximum production was observed with 0.3% concentration of all the compounds. Ammonium sulphate salting out and gel chromatography was used to purify the enzyme. The enzyme was completely precipitated out at 80% saturation. The value of Vmax was 3.9 U/mL, while the value of Km was 1.9 mg/mL. The enzyme was tested for its compatibility with a few famous detergents available on the market. With the alkaline protease under study, the enzyme displayed a maximum retention of its activity i.e. 80.8% in the presence of commercial detergent Surf excel. The activity dropped down to 61.5% when the enzyme was allowed to work in the presence of another locally used detergent, i.e., Bonus. Protease production from A. flavus was carried out on rice bran and wheat bran and the wheat bran gave better results.
The perception of voicing contrast in assimilation contexts in minimal pairs: evidence from Hungarian
Authors: Bárkányi Zsuzsanna , Kiss Zoltán G.
Published: June 2021

It has been long acknowledged that the perception and production of speech is affected by the presence or absence of higher levels of linguistic information, too. The recoverability of meaning heavily relies on semantic context, similarly, the precision of articulation is inversely proportional to the presence of semantic information. The present study explores the recoverability of the voice feature of word-final alveolar fricatives in minimal pairs in Hungarian in phonetic contexts that trigger regressive voicing assimilation. Specifically, it aims to clarify whether the acoustic differences found in earlier studies are perceptually salient enough to distinguish underlying voicing in minimal pairs in semantically ambiguous contexts. For this reason, a perception study with the synthesised minimal pairmész–méz‘whitewash–honey’ was carried out where the amount of voicing in the fricative, and the duration of the fricative and vowel were manipulated. The target words appeared in the following three phonetic contexts: before /p/, before /b/ and before the vowel /a/. Our results suggest that the observed acoustic differences in most of the cases remain below the perceptual threshold which means that phonological contrast is indeed neutralised before obstruents in Hungarian, and this may cause semantic ambiguity.
Wpływ ograniczeń epidemiologicznych COVID-19 na działalność instytucji kultury w Polsce
Authors:   dr hab., prof. UR, Katedra Ekonomiki i Zarządzania, Uniwersytet Rzeszowski, Polska, Szara Katarzyna , Frejtag-Mika Eliza ,   dr hab., prof. UR, Katedra Ekonomiki i Zarządzania, Uniwersytet Rzeszowski, Polska
Published: June 2021

The aim of the study is to try to identify the impact of restrictions related to the COVID-19 pandemic on the activities of cultural institutions. In order to achieve the adopted goal, the method of critical analysis of the literature was used, using secondary data from the Central Statistical Office concerning the cultural sector since the announcement of the pandemic in Poland. The discussed issue is of significant importance in relation to the consequences of the pandemic and the search for solutions mitigating its negative impact. The topic of the work is topical due to the continuity of the pandemic, the uncertainty of the functioning of cultural institutions despite the restoration of their activities, the need to adapt to the new reality and the possibility of applying measures to counteract the crisis. The suspension of activities by cultural institutions was the basic organisational factor that caused, inter alia, redundancies and remote work. This form of work contributed to maintaining relations with recipients When comparing the first and second quarters of 2020, it should be noted that the increase in the “significant” effects of the pandemic in all units of cultural institutions was distinguished by their legal form. The greatest impact of the effects of the pandemic concerned voivodeship self-government organisational units. And in the structure of the CAC, these were institutions that provided activities related to the production of films, video recordings and television programs. The largest decrease in revenues – above 90% – was recorded for these voivodeship self-government organisational units. The activities undertaken by the Ministry of Culture and National Heritage, which include preserving culture, involve support under grants and scholarship programs, but a long-term policy and a radical revision of the activities are needed so that cultural institutions start to generate income.
Zmiany w poziomie rozwoju społecznego województw w latach 2010 i 2019 z zastosowaniem dynamicznego miernika syntetycznego
Authors:   dr hab., Katedra Statystyki i Polityki Społecznej, Uniwersytet Rolniczy w Krakowie, Polska, Bożek Jadwiga , Szewczyk Janina ,   dr inż., Katedra Statystyki i Polityki Społecznej, Uniwersytet Rolniczy w Krakowie, Polska, Jaworska Monika ,   dr inż., Katedra Statystyki i Polityki Społecznej, Uniwersytet Rolniczy w Krakowie, Polska
Published: June 2021

The aim of the work is to compare the level of progress of social development in voivodeships during the period 2010–2019 with the application of a dynamic synthetic measure. The work is based on data published by the Central Statistical Office characterizing the social situation in individual voivodeships for 2010 and 2019. The linear ordering of multi-feature objects method was used, where the normalization of the variables was carried out using the zero unitarization method. The analysis was carried out in static and dynamic terms. In addition to the indicative values, which included 11 features describing the demographic situation, labor market, education and living conditions, the rankings of voivodeships were prepared in terms of the level of social development in the analyzed years using a static and a dynamic approach. Based on the dynamic synthetic measure, the direction and size of changes that took place in individual voivodeships in the period 2010–2019 were ranked. Research shows that only in 7 voivodeships (Mazowieckie, Małopolskie, Pomorskie Dolnośląskie, Podkarpackie, Kujawsko-Pomorskie and Podlaskie) did the situation improve in terms of the adopted set of diagnostic features, while in the other cases it worsened. In 2019, the best situation occurred in the following voivodeships: Mazowieckie, Małopolskie, Pomorskie and Wielkopolskie, and the lowest indexes were recorded in the following voivodeships: Świętokrzyskie, Warmińsko-Mazurskie, Opolskie and Zachodniopomorskie. In the examined period, the disproportions between voivodeships increased in terms of the studied phenomenon. The application of a dynamic index of development growth allowed not only linear ordering of objects, but also evaluation of the direction and magnitude of the changes in individual objects in the analyzed period.
Komunikacja pomiędzy lekarzem i pacjentem u chorych na nowotwory
Authors:   dr hab. inż., prof. UTP, Katedra Organizacji i Zarządzania, Wydział Zarządzania, Uniwersytet Technologiczno-Przyrodniczy, Bydgoszcz, Polska, Wyszkowska Zofia , Białczyk Katarzyna ,   dr, Wydział Nauk o Zdrowiu, Uniwersytet Mikołaja Kopernika w Toruniu, Polska, Michalski Tomasz ,   mgr, Wydział Nauk o Zdrowiu, Uniwersytet Mikołaja Kopernika w Toruniu, Polska
Published: June 2021

The main goal of the study was to assess the doctor’s communication with the patient. The detailed goals concerned the assessment of satisfaction with the way the physician communicates with the patient, the assessment of the communication methods used, the duration of the visit to a physician’s office, understanding of the information provided to patients, the physician’s personal culture, and the subjectivity of the patient. A questionnaire developed specifically for the study objectives was used. The analysis used data from 238 questionnaires completed correctly by cancer patients treated in a specialist hospital. The database was created in Excel and the analysis was performed using Statistica software. The analysis of the data shows that the physician’s communication with the patient is a very important aspect in the treatment process. Not all respondents were satisfied with the way the physician communicated information about the further treatment process, which increased the sense of security loss and undermined confidence in the physician’s decisions. Most patients understood the recommendations and advice provided by the physician, but there was a group of respondents who did not understand all the words used by the physician, which may lead to the non-compliance of the patient to the treatment recommendations. Patients highly appreciated the personal culture of physicians but they expected greater subjectivity in their treatment. The analysis of statements indicated that the patients’ expectations in the area of physician – patient communication are growing, which obliges physicians to broaden their knowledge in communication techniques.
Ślązacy na wydziale teologii Uniwersytetu Krakowskiego w XV wieku
Authors: Markowski Mieczysław
Published: June 2021

Założenie uniwersytetów w Pradze, Wiedniu i Krakowie umożliwiło też Ślązakom wzięcie w większym stopniu udziału w uniwersyteckiej kulturze późnego średniowiecza. Mimo iż w XV wieku w środkowej Europie powstało szereg wyższych uczelni, to najtrwalsze i najaktywniejsze okazały się te związki z Uniwersytetem Krakowskim.