bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
MENGURANGI WAKTU PENGERJAAN AUTOLUBE PC2000-8 DENGAN GREASE CLOGGING DETECTOR DI PT. UT DAERAH BENGALONSANGKULIRANG
Authors: Manurung Vuko A.T , Trirahardjo Wenang , Ichwan Bulan
Published: April 2021

Abstrak--Tingginya angka kerusakan Autolube System pada PC2000-8, disebabkan komponen dari sistem Autolube yang sulit terdeteksi jika terjadi kerusakan. Tidak adanya alat yang bisa mendeteksi kondisi ini menyebabkan meningkatnya proses pengerjaan pada komponen tersebut. Untuk itu perlu dilakukan proses perbaikan sehingga proses perbaikannya tidak memakan waktu yang lama. Prosesnya dengan membuat alat yang mampu mendeteksi ada aliran pelumas yang menuju ke attachment dan ini langsung dapat diketahui secara realtime oleh mekanik melalui pesan instan yang dikirim langsung oleh controller alat tersebut ke Smartphone melalui aplikasi Telegram sebagai Security Alert Message. Alat tersebut berupa pemasangan micro controller di unit dan dengan memperhatikan sistem keamanan yang ada sehingga penambahan tersebut tidak mengganggu sistem yang sudah ada. Hasil dari proses perbaikan ini adalah mengurangi waktu perbaikan sebesar ± 75% dari waktu yang selama ini dilakukan serta umur pakai komponen menjadi tepat waktu dan juga meningkatkan Physical Avaibility unit tersebut.

Kata Kunci : Autolube System, aliran pelumas, physical avaibility.
PERENCANAAN PLTS PADA ROOF TOP GEDUNG FAKULTAS TEKNIK UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH JAKARTA DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN SIMULASI PROGRAM PV*SOL
Authors: Chamdareno Prian Gagani , Sasongko Adimas Fajar Priyo , Budiyanto Budiyanto
Published: April 2021

Abstrak--Perancangan PLTS pada roof top fakultas Teknik Universitas Muhammadiyah Jakarta dengan menggunakan simulasi program PV*SOL. Total modul yang di representasikan oleh program ini adalah sebanyak 570 modul PV, menggunakan PV dengan kapasitas 500 Wp. Inverter yang digunakan sebanyak 21 unit, karena masing-masing inverter memiliki kapasitas yang berbeda maka masing-masing area Gedung di suplai minimal oleh 2 inverter. Berdasarkan hasil simulasi, estimasi energi yang dihasilkan cukup efisien yakni sebesar 285 kWp, dengan potensi radiasi matahari sebesar 4.76 kWh/m²/hari. Total pemakaian beban yang digunakan oleh Gedung A B C D Fakultas Teknik Universitas Muhammadiyah Jakarta ini sebesar 629,739 kWh/tahun, dapat di akomodir oleh PLTS sebesar 319,431 kWh/tahun atau sebesar 50.7% dari keseluruhan total beban yang biasa digunakan, kemudian didistribusikan ke beban sebesar 208,362 kWh/tahun. Sedangkan total beban pada Gedung SIPIL sebesar 63,337 kWh/tahun, dapat diakomodir oleh PLTS sebesar 43,329 kWh/tahun atau sebesar 68.4% dari keseluruhan beban yang biasa digunakan.Investasi awal dibutuhkan dana sekitar $ 270,750.

Kata Kunci: PLTS atap, PV*SOL, On-Grid
ANALISIS GAGAL LEAK TEST PADA PRODUK CYLINDER HEAD TYPE-A HASIL PROSES LOW PRESSURE DIE CASTING DENGAN MATERIAL AC4B DI PT. X
Authors: Wahyudi Wahyudi , Wiryolukito Slameto
Published: April 2021

Abstrak--Keadaan yang sedang terjadi pada seksi LPDC di PT. X adalah banyaknya cacat pada produk hasil casting sesuai data cacat pada bulan Januari-Juni 2018 yaitu persentase total cacat tertinggi sebesar 20.64% pada seksi LPDC In Plant dan Next Process di bulan April 2018. Jenis cacat tertinggi pada seksi LPDC In Plant adalah Misrun dinding chain sebesar 3.48% dan pada LPDC Next Process adalah gagal leak test sebesar 4.93%. Hal ini sangat merugikan perusahaan baik dalam biaya produksi yang meningkat dan waktu produksi yang lama. Karakterisasi yang dilakukan pada penelitian ini adalah pengujian leak lest, radiografi (x-ray), optical emission spectroscopy, penetrant, metalografi, SEM, dan uji EDS. Berdasarkan hasil dari karakterisasi yang diperoleh, menunjukkan bahwa produk gagal leak test mengalami cacat internal yaitu shrinkage porosity. Berdasarkan hasil analisis fenomena cacat shrinkage porosity tersebut disebabkan oleh adanya inklusi oksida aluminium yang terbawa ke dalam produk Cylinder Head Type-A yang menjadi inisiasi terbentuknya shrinkage porosity. Terdapatnya oksida aluminium pada produk Cylinder Head Type-A disebabkan oleh waktu transfer molten dari melting furnace yang relatif lama dan jarak auto carrier yang relatif tinggi sehingga turut mempengaruhi waktu pouring ke holding furnace.

Kata Kunci: Cylinder Head, Low pressure die casting, leak test, shrinkage porosity, oksida.
PROTOTYPE ONLINE MONITORING DAN AKUISISI DATA GARDU UNTUK MENGHILANGKAN PROSES PATROLI GERBANG TOL
Authors: Ma’arif Eka Samsul , Fatahillah Maulana Firsyah
Published: April 2021

Abstrak--PT LMS sebagai perusahaan operasional sebuah jalan tol dapat memiliki hingga 65 gardu aktif dalam pelayanan dan transaksi untuk pengguna jalan tol. Status opersional setiap gardu diawasi dan dilporkan setiap bulan oleh inspektor jalan tol. Kendala yang dihadapi oleh inspektor saat ini adalah kesulitan dalam memantau status operasional gardu tol yang disebabkan oleh banyaknya gardu, panjangnya ruas tol yang mencapai 116,7 km, keterbatasan kendaraan opersional dan kesalahan pelaporan dari Kepala Shift di gerbang tol. Penelitian ini memaparkan tentang prototype alat untuk dapat melakukan pemantauan secara online kondisi operasional setiap gerbang dan data waktu operasionalnya. Alat ini menggunakan mikrokontroler Arduino Mega 2560 sebagai piranti proses untuk mendapatkan signal operasional dari panel kontrol tiap gardu, kemudian data disimpan di dalam Basisdata MySQL dan ditampilkan status setiap gardu melalui Web service. Proto type telah diuji pada gerbang tol yang memiliki 5 gardu operasional dengan hasil telah dapat menyimpan data jam operasional dan status operasional gardu selama 1 bulan dalam Basisdata dan dapat di export ke dalam bentuk Excel dan PDF. Jika alat ini diterapkan pada seluruh gerbang tol, maka proses pemantauan dapat dilakukan secara online dari ruang pantau dan laporan opersional bulanan tersimpan secara otomatis, sehingga kegiatan patroli dapat dihilangkan.

Kata Kunci : Gardu Tol, Online Monitoring, Akusisi Data, Web service, Arduino Mega 2560
Role of yoga in polycystic ovarian syndrome
Authors: Salunke Ashvini Prakash
Published: April 2021

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is common endocrine system disorder among women of reproductive age most women with PCOS have many small cyst on their ovaries hence it is called PCOS. The cysts are not harmful but leads to hormone imbalance. One hormone changes triggers another, which changes another forming a various cycle.  The incidence of PCOS appears to rising in India day by day it is seen as many as 5% to 10% of women in their reproductive age the incident is increasing may be due to change in life style to more sedentary existence overtime, lack of physical exercise, stress, strain, high caloric food & indiscriminate dietary habit result in metabolic, endocrinal, reproductive disturbances. Therefore women faces various problem related to reproductive disorder like irregular menstrual cycle, ovarian cyst, miscarriage, irritability, abdominal bloating, hair loss, acne, blemishes, hair growth in face, increase weight etc . To overcome through this problem the people are looking forward to Ayurveda & allied branches of successful option.
            Yoga can play important role in the prevention & management of PCOS. Yoga can maintain the Physiology of H-P-O axis. Yoga is one of the important refreshing and rejuvenating modalities which can content and even root out stress completely. Since stress is playing important factor in exaggerating PCOS, some of the important asana(posture) Nadishodhan(anulom),Bhramri,Pranayama,Bhadrasana,Suryanamaskar,Bhujangasana,Nau-kasana,Dhanurasana, Padmasana, Shavasana, Kapalbharti. Yoga help to regulate the endocrine glands in body there by beneficial in balancing of hormones Yoga is effective in keeping your ovary & Uterus healthy. Yoga is precious gift which can enrich human life.
The role of palash mul arka aschotana in kaphaja timira and kaphaja kacha w.s.r. immature cataract
Authors: Sarwade Swati
Published: April 2021

Blindness results due to numerous causes, Cataract is one of them , it is also major cause of blindness in tropical and developing countries all over the world due to direct effect on eye lens.
     In view of ayurved literature Kaphaja timira and kaphaja kacha is a dreadful disease of eye lens mentioned in drishtigat roga vidyaniya addhyay .
    The disease shows gradual â€“progressive decrease in vision. Ayurved literature have recorded single drug and compound formulation for treatment of Timir, Kacha (Imm.cat.) as Chakshushya or Netrya (sight ,vision improving) so that Palasha a Chakshushya drug in the form of  arka, which is kaphahara is taken for the treatment of same and results are noted according to CRF and improvement in visual acuity and disappearance of symptoms are statistically analyzed. Results are significant and no side effects of arka are seen.
A RARE CASE OF PERFORATED MECKELâ€™S DIVERTICULUMâ€
Authors: Yadav Akshay vijay , Gajare Kamalakar Vasant
Published: April 2021

(1)Meckelâ€™s diverticulum is the most common abnormality of the gastrointestinal tract. It is present in more than 2% of the global human population. (2)Haemorrhage, obstruction and inflammation are the three main possible complications resulting from Meckelâ€™s diverticulum. Spontaneous perforation of Meckelâ€™s diverticulum is very rare and may mimic acute appendicitis. We are reporting the case of a 22 year-old female patient, who presented with a history of five days of acute abdominal pain including on-and-off fever, emesis and vertigo. On physical examination, her abdomen was distended with guarding all over it. A provisional diagnosis of perforated appendicitis with peritonitis or intestinal perforation was made. So CT abdomen with contrast was done. It was reported as sealed perforation with diverticulitis. A diagnostic laparoscopy followed by exploratory laparotomy and subsequent resection and anastomosis of the ileum was performed under general anaesthesia. Meckelâ€™s diverticulitis was confirmed by histopathological findings. This case report is an interesting and unusual case of complications associated with inflamed Meckelâ€™s diverticulum and emphasizes the importance of considering Meckelâ€™s diverticulitis as a differential diagnosis in every patient presenting with acute abdomen.
Keywords:   Meckelâ€™s diverticulum, appendicitis, peritonitis
cauterization, Dhatakyadi yog, post op fissurectomy wound, grading criteria, shodhan and ropan.
Authors: Acharekar Ajinkya Deepak , Yadav Sanjeev
Published: April 2021

Cauterization (or cautery) is medical practice or technique of burning a part of the body to remove or close off a part of it. As after cauterization, the wound which is caused is a type of burn wound. As per Ayurvedic text, Dhatakyadi yog has been used as a local application for burn wound.
The present study entitled,â€ To study the efficacy of Dhatakyadi yog in the local application on post-op fissurectomy cauterized woundâ€ and aims & objectives were decided according to the present study. a single case study was done. The clinical assessment was done on the basis of grading criteria with specific symptomology of patients like pain, swelling, discharge. It can be concluded that patient applying Dhatakyadi yog in Cauterized wound is quite effective in reducing the pain, swelling, discharge. And as per Ayurveda it causes shodhan and ropan effect on wound.
â€œA critical review of ayurvedic concept of Paripurna aahar w. s. r. to balanced diet.â€
Authors: Gaikwad Payal , Sant Sampada S.
Published: April 2021

Ayurveda is the ancient science of life. Food is a prime requirement of every living organism. So in Ayurveda, it is considered as one of the Upasthambha along with Nidra and Brahmacharya. One should consume a diet in proper quantity and according to methods prescribed in Samhitas and Agni bala1.The balanced diet is necessary for the body and all of its systems to function properly. It will help to maintain a healthy weight and to develop immunity. It will provide energy and good sleep. Good nutrition is an important part of a leading healthy lifestyle.
According to modern science, a balanced diet that contains the proper proportions of Carbohydrates, Fats, Proteins, Minerals, and Water necessary to maintain good health2. However, in Ayurveda, they have mentioned in terms of Ashta Aahar Vidhi Visheshayaytan, Aahar Vidhi. Vidhan. According to Charak, the life of all living things is food. Good Complexion, good voice, happiness, satisfaction, growth, strength, and intelligence all are dependent on food.
Critical review of medovridhi (obesity) due to sedentary life style and junk food.
Authors: Shaikh Pasha , Bansode Ramesh
Published: April 2021

Acharya sushruta said to be swastha whoes dosha,dhatu, agni, mala are in the state of in equilibrium along with mental, sensory and spiritual happiness. Medovridhi is a condition is of excess body fat for their height, medovridhi can affect any person from young children to older adults. there are many causes of medovridhi such as overeating, genetics, hormones, lack of physical activity, sedentary lifestyle, junk food etc.  Among them sedentary life-a kind of life which has less or no physical activity at all e.g. desk jobs, sleeping too much, sitting for long hours without reasons. Junk food like-like fried chicken, ice-cream, pizza, sandwiches, chips etc. is an unhealthy diet that is high in trans and saturated fats. In obesity (medovridhi) there is imbalance state of med dhatu which affect health of a person and prevalence rate of medovridhi is very high (16.6 in Maharashtra). Medovridhi is a burning issue for all the countries, it causes the number of health problems. Ayurvedic acharyas had mentioned the above condition and explained in detailed causes, sign, symptoms, and treatment.
Adenoids â€“ a review of kantha shalook
Authors: Raorane Dushyant Ashokrao , Wagh Suresh
Published: April 2021

Nasal obstruction & mouth breathing frequently caused by multiple factors, one of them being hypertrophied adenoid and tonsils. It is perhaps one of the usually discussed reasons for partial airway obstruction & related respiratory abnormalities.
The aim of this article is to provide a lucid illustration of issues pertaining to obstructive breathing and its implication on craniofacial growth.
Inefficient medical management and reluctance to surgery necessitates an alternative and novel non-surgical approach to deal this condition. With the very aim of fulfilling the same this case study was taken which involved intake of Ayurvedic medicines and an adoption of Ayurvedic procedure.
Critical analysis of ayurvedokta vyadhikshamatva concept w.s.r. to modern immunity
Authors: Waghe Subhash , Deshmukh Sanjay P.
Published: April 2021

The far most objective of Ayurveda is to prevent the disease. For prevention of diseases, Ayurveda had advocated the adherence to concepts like dina charya (Daily code of conduct), ritu charya (seasonal code of conduct), sadvritta (noble code of conduct) , Na vega dharan (non suppression of natural urges) etc. Whereas these measures are useful in preventing the lifestyle related diseases but for preventing the Aupsargik rogas (communicable diseases), Janapada dhwansa rogas (epidemic diseases), Krumij Roga (Infectious diseases), Asatmyaj roga (allergic disorders), the concept of Vyadhikshamtva (Immunity) is propagated by the Ayurvedic science. But this important concept is not properly explored in Ayurvedic science after independence and remained neglected for long time only to come in limelight and in syllabus after the awareness and propagation of immunization schedule by government of India. The present study aims to re-explore the Ayurvedokta concept of Vyadhikshmatva critically with reference to concept of immunity described in modern medical science. Vyadhiksmatva in Ayurveda is defined as the biological defensive power of the body to fight against the ongoing afflicted diseases (vyadhibala virodhitwam) and to prevent the future development of disease (vyadhi utpad pratibandhakatwam). [C.Su. 28/7]. In modern science, immunity is defined as the ability of the body to recognize the harmful antigen and eliminate it through body defense system and by forming specific antibodies against the antigens. Practice of immunization was known to Indians from long times and they were using it with regard to small pox infection as stated by acharya Gananath Sen. It was also known to ancient Circassians (border area of Russia). Later in the year 1796, the Englishman Edward Jenner further researched on it and made it popular. The result of the present study shows that the Ayurvedokta concept of Vyadhikshamatva is nothing but the immunity concept mentioned in modern science. Review of literature showed that the concept of Vyadhikshamtva is very well described in Ayurveda almost as on modern line. In both sciences, the concept of immunity and hypersensitivity is described together.
Literary search to conceptualize the role of Sadhak and Badhak Tattva mentioned in Hatha Pradeepika with respect to Yogic concept of Nadi shuddhi and Hathasiddhi and Ayurvedic concept of Vikar vighat bhava and Vikar vighat abhava to ameliorate the immune
Authors: Goray Namrata , Khardenavis Sumant Avinash
Published: April 2021

Abstract:
Background: The etiology of diseases is multifactorial and includes genetic factors coupled with environmental influences like rising living standards, steady urban migration, lifestyle changes, food insecurity, illiteracy, poor sanitation and dominance of communicable diseases. With increase in the number of newly diagnosed diseases some diseases are been troublesome since ancient times. But they were kept well controlled by proper diet, exercise and behaviour. In spite of having advanced tools and technology for the detection and management of disease, these troublesome diseases are changed to gruesome diseases due to improper management of diet, exercise and behaviour.
In the context of, various current, health problems, leading to impairment of immune system; it becomes the need of a time to study the Yogic concept of Nadi shuddhi and Hathasiddhi in relation with the Ayurvedic concept of Vikar vighat bhava and Vikar vighat abhava to ameliorate the immune system.
Objective: To do critical literary study of Yogic concept of Sadhak and Badhak Tattva in relation with Nadi shuddhi and Hathasiddhi and the Ayurvedic concept of Vikar vighat bhava and Vikar vighat abhava to ameliorate the immune system.
Methods: Conceptual literary search done by referring literature on Yoga, Ayurveda texts, and research papers from peer-reviewed journals to explore the effects of Yoga practices on immune system.
Results & Conclusion: The Vikar vighat abhava like Atyahar, Prayasa, Prajalpa, Niyamagraha, Jana-sanga, and Loulya hampers the immunity and causes the development of disease. Whereas Vikar vighat bhava like Utsaha, Sahasa, Dhaira, Tattvadyana, Nischaya, Janasanga parityaga  helps to increase immunity or delaying the manifestation of disease or keeping check on severity of disease or effective restoration of health after the treatment of disease.
Key words: Nadi shuddhi, Hathasiddhi, Vikar vighat abhava, Vikar vighat bhava, immunity.
Avleha kalpna - A review
Authors: Phnude Rahul digambar
Published: April 2021

In Ayurveda Rasashastra and Bhaishajya Kalpna branch is more important. It deals with the preparation of medicine by using herbal, metal and animal origin substances. Herbal medicines are frequently used in Indian system of medicine since long time without any known side effect. Avaleha kalpana is a semi solid preparation of drugs, prepared with addition of jaggery, sugar or sugar candy and boiled with prescribed drug juice or decoction it is called as Avaleha. While preparing Avaleha Madhur dravyaâ€™s like Guda or Sharkara and honey are added to the juice or the Decoction. This article will review the concept of avaleha kalpana in the classics.
Capítulo 9. Visiones de la Revolución Americana desde el cine de Hollywood y las series del siglo XXI.
Authors: Salvador Esteban Lucía
Published: April 2021

El audiovisual ha jugado un papel determinante en la definición de la identidad nacional estadounidense, cimentada sobre la base del excepcionalismo de su Historia. Desde los orígenes del cine, Hollywood puso la mirada en el tiempo de la Revolución americana, uno de los grandes mitos de la epopeya nacional de Estados Unidos. Las películas sobre la revolución producidas durante el siglo XX partían de una mitificación previa y selectiva de los hechos históricos y tenían como denominador común el culto a la épica fundacional de la nación. La Revolución americana ha sido objeto de interés en la televisión estadounidense del nuevo milenio. En pocos años de diferencia, entre 2008 y 2015, se han emitido tres series dedicadas a esta temática: John Adams, Turn y Sons of Liberty. El objetivo de este trabajo es establecer una comparativa entre las películas de Hollywood del siglo XX y las series históricas que se remontan a la Revolución americana desde la óptica revisionista del siglo XXI. Palabras clave: Revolución americana; Hollywood; John Adams; Sons of Liberty; Turn.
A ANALISA KUALITAS AUTOMOTIVE DIESEL OIL (ADO) SESUAI DENGAN BAKU MUTU YANG BEREDAR DI MASYARAKAT
Authors: Setiorini Indah Agus
Published: April 2021

Automotif Diesel Oil (ADO) adalah bahan bakar jenis distilat berwarna kuning kecoklatan yang jernih, sedikit lebih kental dari pada minyak tanah atau kerosine, dengan trayek didih berkisar antara 180 oC sampai 370 oC, digunakan sebagai bahan bakar untuk mesin diesel berkecepatan tinggi (lebih besar dari 1000 rpm), seperti : kendaraan umum, truk, trailer, alat-alat penggusur tanah, traktor, kereta api, dll. Automotif Diesel Oil (ADO) disebut juga gasoil atau HSD (High Speed Diesel Oil). Tujuan dari evaluasi kualitas Automotif Diesel Oil (ADO) ini yaitu untuk tahu apakah Automotif Diesel Oil (ADO) yang beredar di masyarakat memenuhi syarat pemasaran terutama peruntukan automotif atau mesin diesel. Beberapa parameter uji yang dilakukan, yaitu berupa : Berat Jenis (spesific gravity), Sifat Pembakaran (ignation quality), dan Sifat Penguapan (volatility). Hasil pegujian bahan bakar ADO dari berbagai SPBU memberikan gambaran bahwa sifat atau karakteristik minyak ADO yang diteliti umumnya masih memenuhi spesifikasi baik digunakan sebagai bahan bakar mesin diesel maupun persyaratan transaksi dan transportasi. Dari hasil analisa Spesific Gravity berada di range 0,820 - 0,870,  yaitu 0,850  sampai dengan 0,852. Untuk Analisa Sifat Pembakaran dengan Metode Calculated Cetane Index (CCI) ASTM D-976 dimana rata-rata cetane index berkisar 47 -  48 yaitu diatas spesifikasi (min 45). Analisa Sifat Penguapan dengan metode distilasi ASTM D-86 menunjukkan bahwa temperatur FBP memenuhi spesifikasi yaitu < 370oC.
P PENGARUH UKURAN MESH ADSORBEN ZEOLIT DAN KONSENTRASI HCl PADA PENGOLAHAN LIMBAH PENCELUPAN KAIN JUMPUTAN
Authors: Ardhiany Sri
Published: April 2021

Zeolit merupakan mineral yang terdiri dari kristal alumina silikat terhidrasi yang mengandung kation alkali atau alkali tanah dalam kerangka tiga dimensinya. Ion – ion logam tersebut dapat diganti oleh kation lain tanpa merusak struktur zeolit dan dapat menyerap air secara reversibel. Kerangka dasar struktur zeolit terdiri dari unit-unit terhidrat AlO4 dan SiO4 yang saling berhubungan melalui atom O yang di dalam struktur tersebut Si4+ dapat diganti dengan Al3+ yang menyebabkan adanya muatan negatif pada  zeolit. Salah satu sifat zeolit adalah sebagai adsorben, pada penelitian ini dilakukan pengolahan limbah kain jumputan secara adsorpsi, dimana zeolit terlebih dahulu diaktifkan dalam larutan HCl dengan konsentrasi 0,2 – 1 M, zeolit yang dipakai dengan ukuran 20 – 100 mesh. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa penyerapan zeolit terhadap limbah kain jumputan relatif besar terjadi pada zeolit ukuran 100 mesh dan dengan konsentrasi pengaktifan 1 M.
P PENGARUH DEMULSIFIER A DAN DEMULSIFIER B TERHADAP CRUDE OIL BENTAYAN DENGAN METODE BOTTLE TEST DEMULSIFIER
Authors: Sari Dian Kurnia , Sauqi Nidia
Published: April 2021

Pada penelitian ini dilakukan pengujian demulsifier untuk proses demulsifikasi crude oil Bentayan, agar diperoleh nilai pemisahan air yang baik. Karakteristik fisika dan kimia seperti specific gravity, pour point, viscosity kinematic, asphaltene content dan basic sediment and water (BS&W) menunjukkan bahwa crude oil Bentayan adalah heavy medium crude oil dan mempunyai emulsi yang sangat stabil dengan jenis emulsi air dalam minyak W/O. Demulsifier yang digunakan ialah demulsifier A dan demulsifier B dimana untuk mengetahui pengaruh dari demulsifier tersebut terhadap crude oil Bentayan maka dilakukan pengujian bottle test demulsifier dengan pengaruh konsentrasi demulsifier, temperatur pengujian, waktu interaksi dan nilai basic sediment and water (BS&W). Dari pengujian tersebut didapatkan pemisahan air yang baik terjadi pada konsentrasi 30 ppm, temperatur pengujian 60 oC dan waktu interaksi (settling time) 60 menit. Pada crude oil Bentayan proses demulsifikasi yang baik menggunakan demulsifier B dibandingkan dengan demulsifier A dimana demulsifier B menunjukkan % waterdrop mencapai 100 %, % interface adalah 0 % dan % BS&W sebesar 0,1 %vol. Hal ini juga memungkinkan demulsifier B lebih baik dilihat dari pengujian fourier transform infra red (FTIR) dimana demulsifier B mempunyai gugus -OH yang memungkinkan dapat mengikat air dari crude oil Bentayan. Dengan hasil tersebut maka dapat diketahui bahwasanya demulsifier B lebih baik pada proses demulsifikasi crude oil Bentayan.
E EVALUASI PERHITUNGAN TEBAL MENARA C-2201 (PROPYLENE SCRUBBER) PADA UNIT POLIMERISASI KILANG POLYPROPYLENE PT PERTAMINA REFINERY UNIT III PLAJU – SEI. GERONG
Authors: Setiorini Indah Agus
Published: April 2021

Unit propylene scrubber kolom C-2201 berfungsi untuk pemisahan dengan sistem penyerapan padatan yang masih terkandung pada gas oleh media air atau bahan kimia lainnya. Dalam pemisahan ini berfungsi memisahkan Propylene dan Slurry Fine Powder dengan perbedaan density dan titik didihnya. Pada kolom ini terjadi proses perpindahan  panas berupa konveksi dimana panas yang berasal dari suhu fluida didalam kolom berpindah  ke dinding kolom hingga bagian luar. Suhu bagian luar ini selanjutnya akan dipengaruhi oleh beberapa faktor-faktor antara lain : kecepatan angin dan suhu di sekitar kolom, ketebalan dinding kolom ( shell ), jenis  material  shell, ketinggian kolom dan sebagainya. Perhitungan Tebal  Menara C-2201 di Unit polimerisasi dilakukan untuk mengetahui perbandingan Tebal Menara C-2201 secara desain dan teori. Dari hasil perhitungan diperoleh ketebalan menara berdasarkan internal press sebesar 0,5261 inch vs tebal menara menurut design 5/8 inch (0,6251) inch max.
E EVALUASI KINERJA POMPA PADA SISTEM PENIRISAN TAMBANG SUMP PIT 1 UTARA, BANKO BARAT, PT SATRIA BAHANA SARANA TANJUNG ENIM, PROPINSI SUMATERA SELATAN
Authors: Pradana Bagas , Sepriadi Sepriadi
Published: April 2021

PT Satria Bahana sarana adalah salah satu perusahaan tambang yang terletak di Kecamatan Tanjung Enim, Kabupaten Muara Enim, Propinsi Sumatera Selatan. Air yang terdapat dalam front penambangan merupakan masalah yang cukup besar jika tidak diatasi dengan serius karena dapat mengganggu aktifitas penambangan bahkan dapat menyebabkan berhentinya produksi. Dengan jam kerja pompa sebesar 22 jam/hari dan total debit air yang masuk ke sump sebesar 66.010,48 m3/hari  dan debit pompa yang dimiliki 427,05 m3/jam, maka masih terdapat air yang tersisa di sump sebesar 2.573,43 m3/jam, sehingga dibutuhkan penambahan pompa dengan kapasitas sebesar 650,68 m3/jam agar tidak ada air yang tesisa di sump. Kondisi aktual yang ada saat ini, proses pemompaan air dari sump menuju KPL hanya menggunakan satu pompa DND 200 dengan lama waktu pengeringan selama 22 jam, dengan merekomendasikan penambahan satu buah pompa dengan kapasitas sebesar 650,68 m3/jam selama 4 jam, maka tidak terdapat air yang tesisa di sump.
E EVALUASI KINERJA WEATHERING TEST APPARATUS UNTUK ANALISA LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS (LPG) SESUAI METODE ASTM D - 1837 DI LABORATORIUM PT PERTA-SAMTAN GAS FRACTIONATION PLANT SEI. GERONG
Authors: Anggraini Ineke Febrina , Utami Renti
Published: April 2021

LPG (Liquified Petroleum Gas) merupakan gas hidrokarbon yang diproduksi dari kilang minyak dan kilang gas dengan komponen utama gas propana (C3H8) dan butana (C4H10).  LPG merupakan bahan bakar berupa gas yang dicairkan merupakan produk minyak bumi yang diperoleh dari proses distilasi bertekanan tinggi. Sebagai acuannya laboratorium PT Perta-Samtan Gas Fractionation Plant Sei. Gerong menggunakan metoda pengujian yang berdasarkan pada American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM D-1837) terhadap analisa Weathering Test. Analisa WeatheringTest ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui kemurnian yang terdapat  dalam produk LPG dengan menggunakan Weathering Test Apparatus pada kondisi operasi alat yang telah ditentukan oleh ASTM D-1837. WeatheringTest adalah analisis Volatility yang dinyatakan dalam  suhu penguapan 95% produk. Hasil analisa ini dapat digunakan sebagai indikasi adanya komponenfraksi berat (pentana) pada LPG. Hasil analisa ini sangat berhubungan langsung dengan vapor pressure dan density produk.
P PROSES ABSORBSI GAS CO2 DALAM BIOGAS MENGGUNAKAN ALAT ABSORBER TIPE PACKING DENGAN ANALISA PENGARUH LAJU ALIR ABSORBEN NaOH
Authors: Ardhiany Sri
Published: April 2021

Biogas dapat dihasilkan dari limbah organik seperti sampah, sisa-sisa makanan, kotoran hewan dan limbah industri makanan.   Hasil fermentasi dari bahan-bahan diatas menghasilkan biogas dengan kadar komponen terbesar yaitu CH4  (55% - 75%) dan CO2  (25% - 45%). Pemanfaatan biogas sebagai bahan bakar masih dalam skala rumah tangga dan belum terpakai secara optimal. Hal ini disebabkan biogas masih mengandung CO2 dalam kadar yang tinggi sehingga effisiensi panas yang dihasilkan rendah. Untuk mengurangi kadar CO2  yang terkandung dalam biogas adalah dengan mengabsorbsi CO2 menggunakan larutan NaOH secara kontinyu dalam suatu reactor (absorber). Pada penelitian ini, variabel yang diteliti adalah pengaruh laju alir NaOH terhadap CO2 yang terserap dan  CH4   yang  dihasilkan.  Absorbsi  CO2   dilakukan  dengan  mengumpankan  larutan  NaOH  secara kontinyu pada bagian atas menara pada konsentrasi dan laju alir tertentu, sementara biogas dialirkan pada bagian bawah menara. Gas dan cairan akan saling kontak dan terjadi reaksi kimia. Tiap interval waktu 3 menit, larutan NaOH setelah diabsorbsi diambil untuk dianalisa jumlah CO2  terserap dengan metode acidi alkalimetri. Dari hasil analisa dan perhitungan didapatkan jumlah CO2 yang terserap dan CH4  yang dihasilkan semakin besar seiring berkurangnya laju alir NaOH serta % CO2  yang terserap maksimum 58,11% dan kadar CH4 yang dihasilkan sebesar 74,13%.
The Time of Dialectic Spiritualism: From Medina to Mecca Charter
Authors: Cerić Mustafa
Published: April 2021

A crisis is a call for change and creative thinking that initiates a dialectics of thought and action. Also, the challenge for nations as well as individuals in crisis is to figure out which parts of their identities are already functioning well and do not need changing, and which parts are no longer working and do need changing. Indeed, Muslim thought today needs the courage to recognize what must be changed in order to deal with the new circumstances.

But, at the same time, Muslim scholars need to draw a line and stress the elements that are so fundamental to the faith and culture of Islam that they refuse to be changed. This state of affairs we call dialectical spiritualism, as opposed to Marxist „dialectical materialism“. It is time for humanity to meet the Zeitgeist, „Spirit of the Age“, which is „the Spirit of Peace“ among religions and nations across the globe. History, past and present, is not void of good examples of accords, charters, declarations and commitments to peaceful coexistence between religions and nations from the Medina Charter (622), the Magna Carta Libertatum (1215), the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948), the Nostra Aetate (1965), the Declaration of European Muslims (2005), the Common Word Between Us and You (2007), the Marrakesh Declaration (2016), the Alliance of Virtue for the Common Good (2018), the Declaration of Human Fraternity (2019) to the Mecca Charter (2019).

All these initiatives, past and present, promote the idea of „the Spirit of Peace“ of all times, but this current time has the biggest need of all times for the Zeitgeist, „Spirit of the Age“, which is the „Spirit of Peace and Tolerance“. This paper attempts to explain this need from a Muslim perspective with a comparison with other initiatives.
The Gift of Qurbani Meat: Ethnological Reflections
Authors: Vlaisavljević Ugo
Published: April 2021

The article considers two customs traditionally followed by Muslims of Bosnia and Herzegovina during Eid Al-Aḍḥā (‘Festival of Sacrifice’ or Kurban Bayram). These are, first, giving a small amount of money, so-called bayramlık, to children as a reward or gift in return for handing out Qurbani meat to neighbors, and, second, giving the meat to non-Muslims. The topic will be explored in the light of Marcel Mauss’s seminal essay on the gift, since Qurbani appears as a gift that identifies, marks and renews the social bonds not only of close relatives, but also of friends and neighbors. In this context too, we will meet what Jacques Derrida calls the aporia of the gift.

The slaughtering of Qurbani animal is a true gift, precisely because it is an impossible gift. It may be considered as a giftless giving: although the sacrifice is unthinkable without the slaughtered animal, it cannot be a gift to God. However, after the human act of sacrifice is performed, it is God Who makes the gift to men - because He commands that the victim’s meat must be shared. It is then to be understood not as a returned gift, but as an act of God’s hospitality, which gives to men the very possibility of gift giving. It is argued that the two Bosnian customs draw their ultimate meaning from the divine hospitality vividly experienced in the ritual of sacrifice.
Religion in a Secular Society: Impediment or Benefit?
Authors: Wimmer Stefan Jacob
Published: April 2021

The author investigates from the perspective of a Western European country, in his case Germany, if and how religion(s) can be appreciated in a secular society. With historic reviews he demonstrates that we should revise our accustomed perceptions; how (in the “West”) Islam is perceived, how religions are perceived from outside, but also how the religious sometimes misrepresent the non-religious.

Instead, he advocates to adjust our categories of “us” and “the others”, and join forces with those who are committed to living together against those who campaign and agitate against it, notwithstanding who believes in what. His considerations are shaped by the situation in Germany, but they lead to conclusions of universal value.
Muhammad Between East and West
Authors: Kovač Mirnes
Published: April 2021

Most observers of Bosnia and Herzegovina’s political situation have focused only on the problems that the Dayton Peace Accord created for the normal functioning of this Southeastern European state, but a workable solution is yet to be proposed.

 The Accord achieved peace by blocking any ability for effective governing and by diminishing the Bosnian state capacity through an excessive dispersion of power with an uncommon constitutional focus on internationalism, and an erroneous type of pluralism that undermines the normal functioning of a democracy. The solution for these problems is to be found by adjusting the procedural selection of the United Nations High Representative, who is the primary actor directly responsible for the implementation of the Accord, both in terms of the letter and intent of the document, and this paper explains how that change can be made and what problems it will resolve.
A Word by the Editor-in-Chief
Authors: Cerić Mustafa
Published: April 2021

The Magazine Illuminatio/Svjetionik/Almanar is taking its second step in a marathon on the path of new ideas about faith, morality, art, nation, society and state. We cannot hide either our nervousness or our curiosity from the rst step. The trepidation was the fear that we would not meet your expectations, and the curiosity was the desire to hear your objective criticism.

Apart from two attempts at at criticism burdened with old and new prejudices, we no longer have reason to fear. On the contrary, we have gained the con dence that we dare and can walk freely with our heads held high because the Magazine Illuminatio/Svjetionik/Almanar knows its goal. Our curiosity, on the other hand, is satis ed by a review and analytical critique in one of the renowned, world- famous journals focused on works on religion, under the direction of Dr. Paul Mojzes, both the editorial board and the editorial policy.
Soil Aggregates Stability of Forest Islands and Adjacent Ecosystems in West Africa
Authors: Bougma Amelie Baomalgré , Ouattara Korodjouma , Compaore Halidou , Nacro Hassan Bismarck , Melenya Caleb , Mesele Samuel Ayodele , Logah Vincent , Oladipupo Azeez Jamiu
Published: April 2021

In the more mesic savanna areas of West Africa, many areas of relatively tall and dense vegetation with a species composition more characteristic of forest than savanna are often found around villages areas. These ‘forest islands’ may be the direct action of human activity. To better understand these patches with relatively luxuriant vegetation, our study focused on how they influence soil aggregation in comparison with nearby areas and natural savanna vegetation across a precipitation transect in West Africa for which mean annual precipitation at the study sites ranges from 0.80 to 1.27 m a-1. Soil samples were taken from 0 to 5 cm and 5 to 10 cm depths and aggregate groups with diameters: > 500 μm, 500-250 μm and 250-53 μm (viz. “macroaggregates”, “mesoaggregates” and “microaggregates”) determined using the wet sieving method. The results showed significantly higher proportion of stable meso and macroaggregates in forest islands and natural savanna compared to agricultural soils (p <0.05). On the other hand, although there was no effect of land-use type on microaggregates stability, there was a strong tendency for the microaggregate fraction across all land use types to increase with increasing precipitation. Soil organic carbon and iron oxides contents are the most important factors influencing aggregate stability in West African ecosystems. By increasing soil structural stability, forest islands contribute to soil erosion reduction and the control of land degradation.
Input and output locality and representation
Authors: Chandlee Jane , Jardine Adam
Published: April 2021

Using a rigorous, computational notion of locality, this paper evaluates one of the central motivations for autosegmental representations (ARs)—that they reduce long-distance processes to local ones. We analyze a variety of tone processes using two computational notions of locality: input strict locality as defined by Chandlee (2014) and Chandlee & Jardine (2019a) and a corresponding notion of output strict locality we call recursive strict locality. The results of our survey add to our understanding of the typology of tone patterns and the role of ARs in two key ways. First, they indicate that both input and output locality play a role in a comprehensive theory of tone. Second, they reveal the various mechanisms by which ARs render long-distance patterns local by disentangling the various properties these representations combine. The larger contribution then is a more detailed and nuanced exploration of the interaction of representation, locality, and computational complexity in the domain of tonal phonology.
Marrying out: Exploring Dimensions of Cross-National Marriages among Qataris
Authors:   Doha International Family Institute (DIFI), Alharahsheh Sanaa Taha , Al Meer Feras , Aref Ahmed , Camden Gilla
Published: April 2021

In an age of social transformation characterized by globalization, wireless communication, and ease of travel and migration, more and more people around the world are marrying across national boundaries. This has occurred worldwide with the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) as no exception to this trend. As with the rest of the GCC, Qatar has witnessed remarkable social changes because of the discovery of petroleum resources that have affected the daily lives of people within Qatar in myriad ways. This includes marriage patterns, whereby cross-national marriages (marriages with non-Qataris) have shown a marked increase during the past few years, reaching 21% of total Qatari marriages in 2015 compared with only 16.5% in 1985.
Evidencing an Art Evaluation
Authors: Fenner David
Published: April 2021

Advancing a claim about the quality of a work of art is critical thinking applied in a particular arena and applies the same rules that advancing a claim about anything follows. Described this way, advancing an art evaluative claim is no different from advancing any claim. On the other hand, advancing claims in differing arenas frequently follow different methodologies. Art criticism, thought of in this way—as a species of critical thinking focused on advancing claims about the quality of works of art—has its own methodology. This paper describes two versions of that methodology, one that is object-focused (or event-focused) and one that is subject-focused.
Unfinished Stories: Problematizing Narrative Completion
Authors: Goldstein Diane E.
Published: April 2021

Throughout the history of our field, collectors have dealt condemningly with the issue of fragmentation, casting aside collected fragments of story or song as inferior and celebrating the longer, more complete version. Nevertheless, a fragmented narrative may be the most artistic and competent way of handling particular performances in context. Studies of traumatic narration, co-narration, emergence, storytelling rights, and rupture have moved narrativity studies beyond surface understandings of a “correct” nature and shape of narrative, exploring the actual ethnographic contexts of narration. This special issue explores numerous concepts and cases related to unfinished narratives, trying to come to a fuller understanding of narrative gaps.
Missing Finishes and Diminishing Heroes in Hurricane Katrina Survivor Stories
Authors: Lindahl Carl
Published: April 2021

Narratives told by Hurricane Katrina survivors to fellow survivors in the wake of the disaster share some signal traits with belief legends as understood by Linda Dégh and Max Lüthi, as well as with hero legends as described by Wilhelm Grimm and exemplified in such ancient epics as Gilgamesh and The Iliad. Echoing contemporary belief legends, survivor narratives project a sense of purgatorial endlessness through which the overwhelming power of the storm continues unabated and the survivors remain helpless victims. At the same time, echoing legends through which godlike heroes unlearn divinity, survivor narrators depict themselves as disappearing heroes: refusing to acknowledge their own courageous acts, they identify heroism in their fellow survivors and, in the process, meld their individual identities with that of the surrounding community. In the resultant hybrid story-world, individuals gain strength only by surrendering it and can keep only what they give away. The legendary hero ultimately dissolves into the surrounding community.
Underpricing Process of IPOs in Tunis Stock Exchange: An Agent-Based Modelling Approach
Authors: MISSAOUI Sahbi , RAISSI Nizar
Published: April 2021

The fundamental problematic treated in our study was an attempt to explain an anomaly in the issuance of new stocks in IPOs process. The objective of this research is to analyze the effect of certain variables on the level of undervaluation by presenting certain econometric models issued from Agent-based modelling approach. Certain variables can be predictive of the phenomenon of undervaluation such as: the Stock equity distributed to institutional investors, liquidity in the secondary market measured by the price range and the type of investor who can be insiders or outsiders, in addition to these variables we have introduced some control variables which in turn help explain the level of underpricing and which are the age of the company, its size and dimension, the volume of trade and the volatility. Empirically and based on a sample of 16 companies, we were able to respond to our problematic. In fact, according to the hypotheses tests, the prices of the newly introduced stocks on the stock exchange are mostly undervalued which were aligned with our study. Thereby, the methodology adopted based to Dynamic linear models (DLM) that allows offering a very generic framework to analyse time series data. The results of this research were, in part, consistent with work done in developed countries (especially in USA and Europe). Indeed, the undervaluation is in a positive relationship with certain explanatory variables such as the Institutional ownership (INST), Insiders ownership (INSID), Price range (FOUR), etc. On the other hand, we were able to identify significant negative relationships between the initial undervaluation and the basic variable Outsiders ownership (OUTSID), the size of companies listed on the Tunis Stock exchange (BVMT) and the volume of issued stocks.
Imagining a community that includes non-human beings
Authors: Komatsubara Orika
Published: April 2021

Imagining a community that includes non-human beings: the 1990s Moyainaoshi Movement in Minamata, Japan

This article offers a vision of a community that includes non-human beings. After suffering environmental damage, a community is often harmed and confused. Restorative justice may have the potential to intervene in divisions with a community approach. However, though environmental damage affects both human and non-human beings, restorative justice typically concerns itself with human communities. Therefore, through a review of the literature I consider what non-human beings mean for a community, focusing on the Moyainaoshi Movement (MM) in Minamata, Japan, in the 1990s. This movement aimed to reconstruct the community after severe, long-term pollution. First, I examine the motivations of several stakeholders that worked to reconstruct the Minamata community in the 1990s. Second, I clarify the role of non-human beings in the vision of community as practiced by the MM. I find that non-human beings served as symbols to connect human beings within the community. Finally, I conclude that a vision of a community that includes non-human beings can propel community reconstruction in our current political realities, and I reveal that in studying this concept of community in restorative justice, listening to victims’ voices is of paramount importance.
A maximalist approach of restorative justice to address environmental harms and crimes
Authors: Da Silva Carlos Frederico
Published: April 2021

A maximalist approach of restorative justice to address environmental harms and crimes: Analysing the Brumadinho dam collapse in Brazil

In this article, the author analyses court cases arising from the rupture of the mining tailings dam in the city of Brumadinho, Brazil, on 25 January 2019. In a civil lawsuit context, legal professionals recognised damage to people and the environment during hearings involving a judge, prosecutors, lawyers and corporate representatives. The centrality of the victims’ interests and the need for remedial measures prevailed in the agreements signed mainly to provide urgent relief and restore damage to the ecosystem. In the criminal lawsuit dealing with the same facts, there have not yet been acquittals, non-prosecution agreements or convictions. By employing a socio-legal approach to contrast different types of legal reasoning, this article explores the possibilities of restorative responses in civil proceedings and explains the lack of them in criminal justice. In highlighting some characteristics of punishment theories that hinder a possible restorative justice approach, the article offers a critique of a penal system mostly linked to argumentative competition rather than persuasive conflict resolution. The author argues that jurisprudence should address transdisciplinary concepts, such as responsive regulation, restorative efforts, proportionality and individualisation of punishment. The discussion can shed light on the decision-making process to allow environmental restorative justice responses to crimes.