bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Space Flyaround and In-orbit Inspection Coupled Control Based on Dual Numbers
Authors: Zhang Lijun , Li Hanqiu , Liu Jianping , Qian Shan , Lu Yi , Li Hengnian
Published: May 2018

In this paper, both the proportional derivative feedback control and variable-structure sliding mode control approaches based on dual numbers are presented to design space flyaround and in-orbit inspection missions. Dual-number-based spacecraft kinematics and dynamics models are formulated. The integrated translational and rotational motions can be described in one compact expression, and the mutual coupling effect can be considered. A space flyaround and in-orbit inspection mission model based on dual numbers is derived. Both proportional derivative feedback control and variable-structure sliding mode control laws are designed using dual numbers. Simulation results indicate that both the proposed control system can provide high-precision control for relative position and attitude. Of the two systems, the variable-structure sliding mode control system performs the best.
Personality Measurement and Profile in a European Sample of Civil	Airline Pilots
Authors: Mesarosova Karina , Siegling Alex B. , Plouffe Rachel A. , Saklofske Donald H. , Smith Martin M. , Tremblay Paul F.
Published: May 2018

Abstract. The study examined the psychometric properties of the Revised NEO Personality Inventory (NEO PI-R, UK edition) in a large European sample of civil airline pilots. The NEO PI-R is a comprehensive and robust measure of personality that has been validated across cultures and contexts. Furthermore, the personality profile of the pilot sample was examined and compared to a normative sample representing the UK working population. Data from 591 pilots (95.1% male) were collected. Analyses include the internal reliability and factorial validity (precisely, Exploratory Structural Equation Modeling) to examine the measurement equivalence of the NEO PI-R with reference to UK norms ( N = 1,301). Internal reliability estimates of the NEO PI-R scores were good at the domain level, but generally weak at the facet level. The structural model in the pilot sample was congruent with the general working population sample. Furthermore, there was convincing evidence for a distinct personality profile of civil pilots, although the stability of this profile will require further validation. The NEO PI-R’s validity in the assessment of general personality in civil airline pilots is discussed, along with implications of the results for the utility of personality assessment in civil aviation contexts.
Former AGU Executive Director A. F. “Fred” Spilhaus Jr. Has Died
Authors: Showstack Randy
Published: May 2018

Spilhaus led the organization during a period of significant growth and accomplishments.
The September 2017 SEP Event in Context With the Current Solar Cycle: Mars Express ASPERA‐3/IMA and MAVEN/SEP Observations
Authors: Ramstad Robin , Holmström Mats , Futaana Yoshifumi , Lee Christina O. , Rahmati Ali , Dunn Patrick , Lillis Robert J. , Larson Davin
Published: May 2018

We use Mars Atmosphere and Volatile Evolution/Solar Energetic Particle (MAVEN/SEP) data to estimate the ranges of particle energies that generate background noise in the Analyzer of Space Plasmas and Energetic Atoms‐3/Ion Mass Analyzer (IMA) instrument on Mars Express. The particles that generate IMA background counts are estimated to be electrons with energies >1 MeV and protons >20 MeV. The September 2017 event at Mars resulted in the strongest flux of energetic particles measured by MAVEN/SEP. We correspondingly use the IMA background data to compare this event with the rest of the last solar cycle and back to 2004, finding the event to be the fourth strongest solar energetic particle event detected by Mars Express.
WWOX controls hepatic HIF1α to suppress hepatocyte proliferation and neoplasia
Authors: Abu-Remaileh Muhannad , Khalaileh Abed , Pikarsky Eli , Aqeilan Rami I.
Published: May 2018

Liver cancer is one of the most lethal malignancies with very poor prognosis once diagnosed. The most common form of liver cancer is hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The WW domain-containing oxidoreductase (WWOX) is a large gene that is often perturbed in a wide variety of tumors, including HCC. WWOX has been shown to act as a tumor suppressor modulating cellular metabolism via regulating hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) levels and function. Given that WWOX is commonly inactivated in HCC, we set to determine whether specific targeted deletion of murine Wwox affects liver biology and HCC development. WWOX liver-specific knockout mice (WwoxΔHep) showed more potent liver regeneration potential and enhanced proliferation as compared with their control littermates. Moreover, WWOX deficiency in hepatocytes combined with diethylnitrosamine treatment increased the tumor burden, which was associated with increased HIF1α levels and target gene transactivation. Inhibition of HIF1α by systemic treatment with digoxin significantly delayed HCC formation. Our work suggests that WWOX inactivation has a central role in promoting HCC through rewiring of cellular metabolism and modulating proliferation.
Author Correction: Floats with bio-optical sensors reveal what processes trigger the North Atlantic bloom
Authors: Mignot A. , Ferrari R. , Claustre H.
Published: May 2018

In the original version of this Article, the data accession https://doi.org/10.17882/42182 was omitted from the Data Availability statement.

In the first paragraph of the Methods subsection entitled ‘Float data processing’, the WET Labs ECO-triplet fluorometer was incorrectly referred to as ‘WETLabs ECO PUK’. In the final paragraph of this subsection, the WET Labs ECO-series fluorometer was incorrectly referred to as ‘WETLabs 413 ECO-series’.

In the Methods subsection ‘Float estimates of phytoplankton carbon biomass’, the average particulate organic carbon–bbp ratio of 37,537 mgC m−2 was incorrectly given as 37,357 mgC m−2.

In the second paragraph of the Methods subsection ‘Float estimates of population division rates’, the symbol for Celsius (C) was omitted from the phrase ‘a 10°C increase in temperature’.

These errors have now been corrected in the PDF and HTML versions of the Article.
A behavioral task with more opportunities for memory acquisition promotes the survival of new neurons in the adult dentate gyrus
Authors: Aasebø Ida E. J. , Kasture Ameya Sanjay , Passeggeri Marzia , Tashiro Ayumu
Published: May 2018

It has been suggested that the dentate gyrus, particularly its new neurons generated via adult neurogenesis, is involved in memory acquisition and recall. Here, we trained rats in two types of Morris water maze tasks that are differentially associated with these two memory processes, and examined whether new neurons are differently affected by the two tasks performed during the second week of neuronal birth. Our results indicate that the task involving more opportunities to acquire new information better supports the survival of new neurons. Further, we assessed whether the two tasks differentially induce the expression of an immediate early gene, Zif268, which is known to be induced by neuronal activation. While the two tasks differentially induce Zif268 expression in the dentate gyrus, the proportions of new neurons activated were similar between the two tasks. Thus, we conclude that while the two tasks differentially activate the dentate gyrus, the task involving more opportunities for memory acquisition during the second week of the birth of new neurons better promotes the survival of the new neurons.
Neural network control of focal position during time-lapse microscopy of cells
Authors: Wei Ling , Roberts Elijah
Published: May 2018

Live-cell microscopy is quickly becoming an indispensable technique for studying the dynamics of cellular processes. Maintaining the specimen in focus during image acquisition is crucial for high-throughput applications, especially for long experiments or when a large sample is being continuously scanned. Automated focus control methods are often expensive, imperfect, or ill-adapted to a specific application and are a bottleneck for widespread adoption of high-throughput, live-cell imaging. Here, we demonstrate a neural network approach for automatically maintaining focus during bright-field microscopy. Z-stacks of yeast cells growing in a microfluidic device were collected and used to train a convolutional neural network to classify images according to their z-position. We studied the effect on prediction accuracy of the various hyperparameters of the neural network, including downsampling, batch size, and z-bin resolution. The network was able to predict the z-position of an image with ±1 μm accuracy, outperforming human annotators. Finally, we used our neural network to control microscope focus in real-time during a 24 hour growth experiment. The method robustly maintained the correct focal position compensating for 40 μm of focal drift and was insensitive to changes in the field of view. About ~100 annotated z-stacks were required to train the network making our method quite practical for custom autofocus applications.
Carotenoid distribution in wild Japanese tree frogs (Hyla japonica) exposed to ionizing radiation in Fukushima
Authors: Giraudeau Mathieu , Bonzom Jean-Marc , Ducatez Simon , Beaugelin-Seiller Karine , Deviche Pierre , Lengagne Thierry , Cavalie Isabelle , Camilleri Virginie , Adam-Guillermin Christelle , McGraw Kevin J.
Published: May 2018

The nuclear accident in the Fukushima prefecture released a large amount of artificial radionuclides that might have short- and long-term biological effects on wildlife. Ionizing radiation can be a harmful source of reactive oxygen species, and previous studies have already shown reduced fitness effects in exposed animals in Chernobyl. Due to their potential health benefits, carotenoid pigments might be used by animals to limit detrimental effects of ionizing radiation exposure. Here, we examined concentrations of carotenoids in blood (i.e. a snapshot of levels in circulation), liver (endogenous carotenoid reserves), and the vocal sac skin (sexual signal) in relation to the total radiation dose rates absorbed by individual (TDR from 0.2 to 34 µGy/h) Japanese tree frogs (Hyla japonica). We found high within-site variability of TDRs, but no significant effects of the TDR on tissue carotenoid levels, suggesting that carotenoid distribution in amphibians might be less sensitive to ionizing radiation exposure than in other organisms or that the potential deleterious effects of radiation exposure might be less significant or more difficult to detect in Fukushima than in Chernobyl due to, among other things, differences in the abundance and mixture of each radionuclide.
Pretreatment of Huaiqihuang extractum protects against cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity
Authors: Guo Yujiao , Wang Meng , Mou Jingyi , Zhao Zhi , Yang Juan , Zhu Fengming , Pei Guangchang , Zhu Han , Wang Yuxi , Xu Gang , Zeng Rui , Yao Ying
Published: May 2018

Cisplatin is a commonly used chemotherapeutic agent in the treatment of different types of malignant tumors, but nephrotoxicity limits its usage. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to determine the possible protective effect of Huaiqihuang (HQH) extractum, a kind of Chinese herbal complex that consists of Trametes robiniophila Murr., Lycium barbarum and Polygonatum sibiricum, against nephrotoxicity induced by cisplatin in mice. We found that pretreatment with HQH significantly attenuated the cisplatin-induced increase in blood urea nitrogen (BUN), interstitial congestion, acute renal tubular injury and tubular cell apoptosis and necroptosis. It was further shown that HQH administration reduced cisplatin-induced release and nuclear-cytoplasmic translocation of HMGB1 and inactivated its downstream signaling molecules, TLR4 and NFκB, in renal tubular cells; as a result, HQH repressed cisplatin-induced TNF-α production. As dexamethasone (Dex) exerts renoprotective effects in severe Acute kidney injury (AKI), we compared it with HQH and found that HQH showed similar renoprotective effects to dexamethasone via similar mechanisms. Considering the potential side effects of corticosteroids, reducing the effectiveness of treatment and shortening survival in solid tumor patients, we suggest administration of HQH as a potential adjuvant for cisplatin therapy in solid tumor patients to preserve renal function.
Development and assessment of a predictive nomogram for the progression of IgA nephropathy
Authors: Liu Lin-lin , Zhu Lin-bo , Zheng Jian-nan , Bi Tong-dan , Ma Jian-fei , Wang Li-ning , Yao Li
Published: May 2018

The present study is to establish a nomogram for predicting the prognosis of IgA nephropathy (IgAN). Of the 869 IgAN patients, four-fifths were randomly assigned to the development cohort and one-fifth to the validation cohort. The primary outcome was a composite event of either a ≥ 50% reduction in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), end-stage renal disease or death. The mean follow-up time was 44 months. The Cox regression model identified urinary protein excretion (1–3.5 g/d, HR 11.639, 95% CI 3.601–37.625; ≥ 3.5 g/d, HR 32.435, 95% CI 10.079–104.380), eGFR (G2, HR 5.293, 95% CI 2.011–13.932; G3, HR 15.797, 95% CI 6.584–37.905; G4, HR 34.619, 95% CI 13.887–86.301; G5, HR 217.651, 95% CI 83.807–565.248), hyperuricaemia (HR 7.031, 95% CI 4.126–11.980), mesangial proliferation (HR 36.667, 95% CI 5.098–263.711), segmental glomerulosclerosis (HR 5.122, 95% CI 3.114–8.425), tubular atrophy/interstitial fibrosis (T1, HR 33.351, 95% CI 7.831–142.044; T2, HR 213.888, 95% CI 51.048–896.182), crescents (C1, HR 3.123, 95% CI 1.771–5.510; C2, HR 7.353, 95% CI 3.590–15.062) and glomerulosclerosis (25–49%, HR 3.123, 95% CI 1.771–5.510; ≥ 50%, HR 14.384, 95% CI 8.813–23.479) for developing the nomogram. The C-index was 0.945 (95% CI 0.914–0.976) in both the development and validation cohorts, showing good agreement between the nomogram-predicted probability and actual free-of-progression probability. Thus, our nomogram could accurately predict the progression of IgAN patients.
Dramatic dysbalancing of the Wnt pathway in breast cancers
Authors: Koval Alexey , Katanaev Vladimir L.
Published: May 2018

Wnt signaling is important for breast development and remodeling during pregnancy and lactation. Epigenetic modifications change expression levels of components of the Wnt pathway, underlying oncogenic transformation. However, no clear Wnt component increasing expression universally across breast cancer (BC) or its most Wnt-dependent triple-negative BC (TNBC) subgroup has been identified, delaying development of targeted therapies. Here we perform network correlation analysis of expression of >100 Wnt pathway components in hundreds of healthy and cancerous breast tissues. Varying in expression levels among people, Wnt components remarkably coordinate their production; this coordination is dramatically decreased in BC. Clusters with coordinated gene expression exist within the healthy cohort, highlighting Wnt signaling subtypes. Different BC subgroups are identified, characterized by different remaining Wnt signaling signatures, providing the rational for patient stratification for personalizing the therapeutic applications. Key pairwise interactions within the Wnt pathway (some inherited and some established de novo) emerge as targets for future drug discovery against BC.
Ring structure modifications of phenylalanine 19 increase fibrillation kinetics and reduce toxicity of amyloid β (1–40)
Authors: Korn Alexander , Surendran Dayana , Krueger Martin , Maiti Sudipta , Huster Daniel
Published: May 2018

Putatively minor alterations of the side chain ring of phenylalanine 19 of Aβ strongly influence fibril formation kinetics and toxicity.
Tuning the electronic properties of thiophene-annulated NDIs: the influence of the lateral fusion position
Authors: Wen Jingjing , Xiao Chengyi , Lv Aifeng , Hayashi Hironobu , Zhang Lei
Published: May 2018

We report a new asymmetric thiophene-annulated naphthalenediimide with high electron mobilities.
Controllable vapor phase fabrication of F:Mn3O4thin films functionalized with Ag and TiO2
Authors: Bigiani Lorenzo , Barreca Davide , Gasparotto Alberto , Sada Cinzia , Martí-Sanchez Sara , Arbiol Jordi , Maccato Chiara
Published: May 2018

The first example of vapor phase fabrication of Mn3O4(hausmannite) thin films chemically modified with fluorine and functionalized with Ag and TiO2, resulting in high purity composites with an intimate constituent contact.
Polyester elastomers for soft tissue engineering
Authors: Ye Hongye , Zhang Kangyi , Kai Dan , Li Zibiao , Loh Xian Jun
Published: May 2018

Polyester elastomers are soft, biodegradable and biocompatible and are commonly used in various biomedical applications, especially in tissue engineering.
High efficiency electrochemical reduction of CO2 beyond the two-electron transfer pathway on grain boundary rich ultra-small SnO2 nanoparticles
Authors: Liang Chenglu , Kim Byoungsu , Yang Shize , Yang Liu Yang Liu , Francisco Woellner Cristiano , Li Zhengyuan , Vajtai Robert , Yang Wei , Wu Jingjie , Kenis Paul J. A. , Ajayan Pulickel M.
Published: May 2018

Grain boundary rich ultra-small SnO2 nanoparticles exhibited high total FEs towards electrochemical reduction of CO2 with products beyond CO and HCOO−.
Intensification of anodic charge transfer by contaminant degradation for efficient H2production
Authors: Zhang Kai , Zhang Gong , Qu Jiuhui , Liu Huijuan
Published: May 2018

The substitution of anodic pollutant degradation for the OER can intensify charge transfer to complement the rapid advancements in H2production.
Co-doped Ni3S2@CNT arrays anchored on graphite foam with a hierarchical conductive network for high-performance supercapacitors and hydrogen evolution electrodes
Authors: Wang Feifei , Zhu Yanfang , Tian Wen , Lv Xingbin , Zhang Hualian , Hu Zhufeng , Zhang Yuxin , Ji Junyi , Jiang Wei
Published: May 2018

Co-doped Ni3S2 nanostructures are coated on the surface of the 3D conductive CNTs array/graphite foam to form a hierarchical electrode.
Sensitive and specific detection of clinical bacteria via vancomycin-modified Fe3O4@Au nanoparticles and aptamer-functionalized SERS tags
Authors: Zhang Chuyue , Wang Chongwen , Xiao Rui , Tang Li , Huang Jing , Wu Di , Liu Shuwen , Wang Yong , Zhang Dong , Wang Shengqi , Chen Xiangmei
Published: May 2018

A sensitive SERS platform for the simultaneous detection of S. aureus and E. coli on the basis of dual recognition by vancomycin and aptamers is reported.
Accelerated host angiogenesis and immune responses by ion release from mesoporous bioactive glass
Authors: Zhou Yinghong , Han Shengwei , Xiao Lan , Han Pingping , Wang Shengfang , He Jie , Chang Jiang , Wu Chengtie , Xiao Yin
Published: May 2018

Angiogenesis represents a major focus for novel therapeutic approaches to the treatment and management of multiple pathological conditions, such as ischemic heart disease and critical-sized bone defect.
hnRNP K plays a protective role in TNF-α-induced apoptosis in podocytes
Authors: Zhao Shili , Feng Junxia , Wang Qi , Tian Lu , Zhang Yunfang , Li Hongyan
Published: May 2018

Apoptosis of podocytes contributes to proteinuria in many chronic kidney diseases. The cytokine, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) is thought to be involved in podocyte apoptosis, but the underlying mechanism is not understood. In our study, we established a model of TNF-α-induced apoptosis by isolating primary podocytes from mice. After exposing cells to TNF-α, we determined the expression levels of heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein K (hnRNP K) and cellular FLICE-inhibitory protein (c-FLIP) and the phosphorylation levels of glycogen synthase kinase β (GSK3β) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK). We then knocked down or overexpressed the levels of hnRNP K and observed its effects on the expressions of c-FLIP, caspase-8, caspase-3, and the phosphorylation of GSK3β and ERK. In addition, we examined the percentage of cells undergoing apoptosis and studied cell cycle distribution. We found that TNF-α induced apoptosis in podocytes and that the expressions of hnRNP K and c-FLIP were significantly decreased, whereas the phosphorylations of GSK3β and ERK were significantly increased. Both gene knockdown and overexpression of hnRPN K resulted in varied expressions/phosphorylations of c-FLIP, GSK3β, and ERK. Moreover, decreased hnRPN K expression contributed to increased levels of caspase-8 and capase-3, as well as an increase in cell apoptosis and G0/G1 arrest. In conclusion, down-regulated expression of hnRNP K by TNF-α resulted in a decrease in the expression of c-FLIP as well as increases in phosphorylated GSK3β, ERK, caspase-8, and caspase-3, and then critically contributed to the podocyte apoptosis.
Multilayered photonic integration on SOI platform using waveguide-based bridge structure
Authors: Majumder Saikat , Chakraborty Rajib
Published: May 2018

A waveguide based structure on silicon on insulator platform is proposed for vertical integration in photonic integrated circuits. The structure consists of two multimode interference couplers connected by a single mode (SM) section which can act as a bridge over any other underlying device. Two more SM sections acts as input and output of the first and second multimode couplers respectively. Potential application of this structure is in multilayered photonic links. It is shown that the efficiency of the structure can be improved by making some design modifications. The entire simulation is done using effective-index based matrix method. The feature size chosen are comparable to waveguides fabricated previously so as to fabricate the proposed structure easily.
The synergetic effect of UV rays on the decomposition of xylene in dielectric barrier discharge plasma and photocatalyst process
Authors: Li Wenjuan , Gu Zhenyu , Teng Fuhua , Lu Jianhai , Dong Shibi , Miao Xiaoping , Wu Zhongbiao
Published: May 2018

The degradation of xylene in the dielectric barrier discharge plasma and photocatalyst process was studied, focusing on the synergetic effect of UV rays from plasma process and external UV lamps on the decomposition of xylene. The results showed that xylene could be decomposed by the discharge process in plasma system, whereas the UV rays from plasma process was very weak. After adding TiO2, the removal efficiency of xylene and energy yield in plasma process were enhanced since energetic particles activated the catalysis of TiO2. The removal efficiency of xylene and energy field in plasma and photocatalyst process combined with external UV lamps were further enhanced attributed to the degradation effect of plasma, the catalysis of TiO2 activated by plasma, the photolysis of UV rays and the photocatalysis of photocatalyst. The synergetic effect of UV rays from external UV lamps was obvious.
Thymektomie bei Myasthenia gravis
Authors: Rückert Jens , Swierzy Marc , Kohler Siegfried , Meisel Andreas , Ismail Mahmoud
Published: May 2018

Die Myasthenia gravis (MG) hat in den letzten Jahren zahlreiche Fortschritte in der Erforschung der Pathophysiologie, der Charakterisierung von Subgruppen sowie der Erweiterung der multimodalen Therapie erfahren. Insbesondere gilt das auch für die Rolle der Thymektomie (Thx). Für die Thymom-assoziierte MG ist die Thx streng indiziert. Auf Basis großer Kohortenstudien über die letzten Jahrzehnte wurde die Thx aber auch zentraler Bestandteil der immunmodulierenden MG-Therapie bei MG-Patienten ohne Thymom-Nachweis. Da randomisierte Studien fehlten, blieb jedoch eine Restunsicherheit zum Stellenwert der Thx. In der MGTX-Studie konnte die Wirksamkeit der Thx nun zweifelsfrei nachgewiesen werden 1. Eine signifikante Verbesserung der myasthenen Beschwerden und die Reduktion der immunsuppressiven Medikamente zeigten sich vor allem für die im jungen Erwachsenenalter erworbene MG (EOMG) bei Durchführung einer kompletten Resektion des Thymusgewebes. Da die MGTX-Studie nur Patienten mit generalisiertem Verlauf und Acetylcholinrezeptor-Antikörpernachweis eingeschlossen hatte, die jünger als 65 Jahre waren, wird derzeit die Bedeutung der Thx bei den anderen relevanten Subgruppen, wie der juvenilen MG, der Altersmyasthenie, der okulären MG sowie den Patienten mit fehlendem Autoantikörper-Nachweis untersucht. Auch die derzeit vorherrschende Auffassung, dass Patienten mit MuSK-Antikörpernachweis nicht von einer Thx profitieren, wird auf Basis der widersprüchlichen Daten neu geprüft werden müssen. Aus chirurgischer Sicht wird auf Basis des in der MGTX-Studie eingesetzten Thx-Verfahrens der komplett-erweiterten medianen Sternotomie momentan der Stellenwert der minimalinvasiven thorakoskopischen Verfahren als schonende Alternative geprüft. Für die weitere Ausdifferenzierung der Thx-Verfahren wären aus klinisch-wissenschaftlicher Sicht randomisiert-kontrollierte Studien im Vergleich zum offenen Thx-Verfahren wünschenswert. Schon jetzt gelingt es jedoch unter Anwendung der Roboterassistenz, alle Ansprüche an die Thx aus chirurgischer, klinisch-neurologischer sowie Patientensicht optimal zu erfüllen. Aufgrund ethischer Aspekte werden daher andere Wege des wissenschaftlichen Vergleichs der verschiedenen Operationsverfahren in den Mittelpunkt rücken.
Der Einfluss der Narkoseart auf die Häufigkeit revisionsbedürftiger postoperativer Nachblutungen nach Entfernung der Silikonölendotamponade
Authors: Stang Marius Manfred , Bartz-Schmidt Karl Ulrich
Published: May 2018

In der retrospektiven Datenanalyse wurde untersucht, ob bei Patienten, bei denen 2002, 2005, 2010, 2014 – 2016 in unserer Klinik mittels Vitrektomie erstmalig das im Glaskörperraum befindliche Silikonöl komplett entfernt wurde, eine Abhängigkeit der Nachblutungswahrscheinlichkeit von der Narkoseart festzustellen ist, und ob sich die Häufigkeit der Nachblutung im untersuchten Zeitverlauf veränderte. Als Nachblutung wurde dabei eine Blutung gewertet, wenn diese postoperativ innerhalb von 2 Wochen neu aufgetreten war und eine Revision mittels erneuter Vitrektomie zur Konsequenz hatte. Insgesamt traten über alle untersuchten Jahre bei 939 Operationen 9 revisionsbedürftige Nachblutungen auf. Obwohl die Anzahl an Intubationsnarkosen (355) geringer als die Anzahl an Operationen in lokaler Anästhesie (584) war, trat die Mehrzahl der Nachblutungen (6) unter Intubationsnarkose auf. Dieser Unterschied entsprach einem Trend (p = 0,089) zu einer geringeren Nachblutungsrate bei lokaler Betäubung, was den Operateur darin bestärken kann, die Silikonölentfernung in Lokalanästhesie durchzuführen. Im Zeitverlauf kam es zu einem Rückgang der Nachblutungen. In den Jahren 2002, 2005 und 2010 traten insgesamt 7 Nachblutungen auf, in den Jahren 2014 – 2016 lediglich 2 Nachblutungen. Neben einem höheren Anteil an Operationen in Lokalanästhesie könnte der Rückgang der Nachblutungshäufigkeit auf eine „sanftere Extubation“, das Aufkommen der trokargeführten Operationstechnik zur Silikonölentfernung und den Einsatz der Anti-VEGF-Therapie und damit einer Veränderung des Spektrums der mit Silikonöltamponade behandelten Grunderkrankungen zurückzuführen sein.
Cp2Ti(III)Cl and Analogues as Sustainable Templates in Organic Synthesis
Authors: Collado Isidro , Botubol-Ares José , Durán-Peña María , Hanson James , Hernández-Galán Rosario
Published: May 2018

This short review aims to provide an overview of the use of Cp2Ti(III)Cl and other related titanocene(III) species as coordinating reagents­ in template reactions in the selective preparation of C–C and C–O bonds. These complexes are able to assemble two components to produce powerful reactions possessing high regio-, chemo-, diastereo-, and enantioselectivity. The titanocene templates are divided into five structural types. The chemical transformations by these valuable templates, the substrate scope and mechanistic insights will also be described.

1 Introduction

2 Precedents for the Coordination of Ti(III) Species to Heteroatoms

2.1 Coordination of Compounds with Hydrogen–Heteroatom Bonds to Ti(III) Species

2.2 Coordination of Halogens to Ti(III) Species

3 Types of Titanocene Templates

4 Template Type I Mediated Organic Reactions

4.1 Methylenecyclopropanation of Allylic Alcohols

4.2 Base-Free O-Acylation of Alcohols and Phenol

4.3 Epoxidation of Allylic Alcohols

5 Template Type II Mediated Organic Reactions

5.1 Ketone–Nitrile Cross-Coupling Reactions

5.2 Imine–Nitrile Cross-Coupling Reactions

5.3 Reductive Alkylation of Enones with Activated Alkenes

6 Template Type III Mediated Organic Reactions

6.1 Pinacol Coupling of Ketones

7 Template Type IV Mediated Organic Reactions

7.1 Michael-Type Addition of Aldehydes to Conjugated Enals

7.2 Allylation, Crotylation, and Prenylation

7.3 Barbier-Type Progargylation and Allenylation

8 Template Type V Mediated Organic Reactions

8.1 Protection of Alcohols as 2-O-THF and 2-O-THP Ethers

8.2 Pinacol Coupling of Aldehydes

8.3 McMurry Couplings

9 Conclusions and Perspectives
Metal-Catalyzed Oxidative Coupling of Ketones and Ketone Enolates
Authors: Murarka Sandip , Antonchick Andrey
Published: May 2018

Recent years have witnessed a significant advancement in the field of radical oxidative coupling of ketones towards the synthesis of highly useful synthetic building blocks, such as 1,4-dicarbonyl compounds, and biologically important heterocyclic and carbocyclic compounds. Besides oxidative homo- and cross-coupling of enolates, other powerful methods involving direct C(sp3)–H functionalizations of ketones­ have emerged towards the synthesis of 1,4-dicarbonyl compounds. Moreover, direct α-C–H functionalization of ketones has also allowed an efficient access to carbocycles and heterocycles. This review summarizes all these developments made since 2008 in the field of metal-catalyzed/promoted radical-mediated functionalization of ketones at the α-position.

1 Introduction

2 Synthesis of 1,4-Dicarbonyl Compounds

3 Synthesis of Heterocyclic Scaffolds

4 Synthesis of Carbocyclic Scaffolds

5 Conclusion
Successful Endovascular Management of Intra-meatal Anterior Inferior Cerebellar Artery–Posterior Inferior Cerebellar Artery Variant Aneurysm
Authors: Bohra Vikram , DeSouza Romnesh , Huded Vikram
Published: May 2018

Anterior inferior cerebellar artery–posterior inferior cerebellar artery (AICA-PICA) variant or common trunk is seen frequently in vertebral angiograms as PICA is found to be hypoplastic or absent in approximately 20 to 25% of patients. There have been very few case reports of aneurysm arising in AICA-PICA variant. Intrameatal AICA aneurysms are also rare, with no reports involving AICA-PICA variant till date. Neurosurgical approach and clipping have been proposed as first-line treatment option for intrameatal AICA aneurysms. The authors report a case of a young woman presenting with subarachnoid hemorrhage, found to have a right AICA-PICA variant aneurysm in intrameatal location. The patient underwent coiling with parent vessel occlusion after an unsuccessful attempt at surgical management of the same. She recovered without any postprocedure complication. This case report highlights the fact that endovascular approach can be used to manage distal AICA/AICA-PICA variant or intrameatal aneurysm with added advantage of avoiding the postprocedure complications associated with surgical management of the same.
The S&T Lecture: An Introduction to the 9th Congress of WSRM
Authors: Hallock Geoffrey
Published: May 2018

Just what is the S&T lecture? In the beginning it appeared to be a dubious distinction, another task thrust upon me but different in that I had absolutely no idea what was wanted or would be appropriate. At the least, it seemed reasonable to recite a simple introductory story for what would be an extraordinary conclave. First, an appreciation was due to our dedicated leaders of World Society of Reconstructive Microsurgery (WSRM), who this year (2017) have put together the most extravagant meeting ever, intended to include not just the glamorous but the entire scope of rudimentary reconstructive microsurgery. We know we must acquire all this knowledge to succeed today and tomorrow, but also need not to overlook the struggles and sacrifices our predecessors had to overcome. Too often the past is forgotten, only to then inefficiently be repeated. Today then, this will be a short story, a story of our past that must never be cast aside. The WSRM here today is a great international forum where we can then mingle with all of our colleagues to help dictate the present, but also define the future role of all specialities here where the ultimate goal is to help those most in need. This S&T lecture will just be a history story, subject to your interpretation. Enjoy!
Causes of Death in Patients with Venous Thromboembolism Anticoagulated with Direct Oral Anticoagulants: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Terleira-Fernández Ana , Lecumberri Ramón , Suárez-Gea Mª , Calvo-Rojas Gonzalo , Vargas-Castrillón Emilio , Gómez-Outes Antonio
Published: May 2018

Death is more frequent than nonfatal recurrent venous thromboembolism (VTE) and major bleeding after acute VTE. The analysis of the causes of death is fundamental to explore new strategies to reduce mortality rates in these patients. The authors performed a meta-analysis to analyze mortality and independently adjudicated causes of death in anticoagulated patients due to VTE, and to evaluate potential differences between different anticoagulant schemes. They searched MEDLINE and CENTRAL, from January 1, 2000, to January 31, 2017, and performed additional searches in Web sites of regulatory agencies, clinical trial registers, and conference proceedings. Two investigators independently selected studies and extracted the data. Study quality was assessed with the Cochrane Collaboration's tool for assessing the risk of bias in randomized studies. Seven prospective randomized trials in 29,844 patients (22,025 patient-year follow-up) were included, comparing dabigatran, rivaroxaban, apixaban, and edoxaban with the standard anticoagulant treatment of VTE. A total of 718 patients died during the follow-up (3.4% per year; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.3–4.8). The most frequent causes of death were cancer (42%), followed by VTE (20%), infections (13%), hemorrhage (6%), heart disease (4%), and stroke (2%). There were no differences in the overall survival and causes of death according to the anticoagulant type. Concomitant active cancer during the study was significantly associated with death (odds ratio: 15.2; 95% CI: 9.2–25.1). Cancer is the leading cause of death in contemporary VTE trials. Interventions beyond anticoagulation, particularly in patients with active cancer, are needed.
Factors Associated with Stillbirth Autopsy in Georgia and Utah, 2010–2014: The Importance of Delivery Location
Authors: Forsberg Kaitlin , Silver Robert , Christiansen-Lindquist Lauren
Published: May 2018

Objective This article determines whether demographic, delivery, and medical factors are associated with stillbirth autopsy performance in Georgia and Utah.

Study Design This study used fetal death certificates from 2010 to 2014 to determine which factors are associated with stillbirth autopsy performance in Georgia and Utah. Analyses were conducted using logistic regression with a predicted margins approach.

Results The stillbirth autopsy rate was low in both states: 11.9% in Georgia (N = 5,610) and 23.9% in Utah (N = 1,425). In Utah, the autopsy rate significantly declined during the study period (p = 0.01). Stillbirths delivered outside of large metropolitan areas were less likely to receive an autopsy (medium/small metropolitans: prevalence ratioGA [PR] = 0.57, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.48–0.68 and PRUT = 0.48, CI: 0.38–0.59; nonmetropolitans: PRGA = 0.57, CI: 0.43–0.75 and PRUT = 0.37, CI: 0.21–0.63). In Georgia, autopsies were less common among stillbirths of Hispanic (vs. white) women (PR = 0.57, CI: 0.41–0.79), at earlier (vs. later) gestational ages (PR = 0.59, CI: 0.51–0.69), and of multiple birth pregnancies (PR = 0.71, CI: 0.53–0.96).

Conclusion Despite strong evidence supporting the value of stillbirth autopsies, autopsy rates were low, especially outside metropolitan areas, where approximately half of stillbirths were delivered.
Isolated Systemic Supply to Normal Lung—A Rare Cause for Hemoptysis (A Case Report with Review of Literature)
Authors: Rajagopal Rengarajan , Gulati Gurpreet
Published: May 2018

The authors report the case of a 23-year-old man with hemoptysis who had an abnormal retrocardiac opacity in the medial aspect of the left lower lobe on a chest radiograph. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) revealed anomalous systemic arterial supply to the left lower lobe with absence of pulmonary arterial branches to the involved lung. The patient underwent successful transarterial embolization of the systemic supply without any complications. Follow-up imaging showed persistent complete thrombosis of the artery. He recovered with no symptoms at 6 months.
Juvenile Myasthenia gravis
Authors: Della Marina Adela , Schara Ulrike
Published: May 2018

Die autoimmune kindliche und juvenile Myasthenia gravis (JMG) ist bedingt durch die Autoantikörper(Ak)-Bildung gegen die postsynaptische Membran der neuromuskulären Endplatte. Die klinischen Symptome können variabel sein, von der milden okulären Symptomatik bis zu generalisierter Schwäche und respiratorischer Insuffizienz. Die klinische Präsentation und der Verlauf der JMG, insbesondere bei präpubertären Patienten, zeigen Unterschiede im Vergleich zur adulten Form. Eine Manifestation ist schon in den ersten beiden Lebensjahren möglich, in diesem Alter kann der Antikörper-Titer auch bei generalisierten Symptomen nur minimal erhöht sein. Bei den Säuglingen und sehr kleinen Kindern ist bei negativen spezifischen Antikörpern das Vorliegen eines kongenitalen myasthenen Syndroms (CMS) eine wichtige Differenzialdiagnose. Eine frühe Diagnosestellung ist bei bestehenden therapeutischen Möglichkeiten in dieser Patientengruppe wichtig. Wir geben eine Übersicht über klinische Symptome, diagnostische Möglichkeiten sowie medikamentöse und operative Therapie bei Kindern mit JMG.
Off-Label-Use bei Seltenen Erkrankungen (SE): Myasthenia gravis, Lambert-Eaton myasthenisches Syndrom und kongenitale myasthenische Syndrome
Authors: Janzen Rudolf
Published: May 2018

Der Einsatz von Substanzen im Off-Label-Use ist weit verbreitet und mit einem erhöhten Risiko von unerwünschten Arzneimittelwirkungen (UAW) verbunden, zumal wenn die zugrunde liegende Evidenz gering ist. Dies gilt auch für die Behandlung seltener < 5/10 000) Erkrankungen mit verschiedenen myasthenen Syndromen. Die fachlichen Vorgaben für die Indikation eines Off-Label-Use sind in den spezifischen Leitlinien maßgeblich dargelegt, dabei sind die Regulationen des deutschen Gesundheitssystems zu beachten. Basis einer medikamentösen Langzeittherapie ist eine optimierte Standardtherapie, die auf dem Einsatz von Substanzen beruht, die in die Arzneimittel-Richtlinien aufgenommen sind. Die aktuellen Kriterien für die Indikation und die Überwachung eines Off-Label-Einsatzes werden dargestellt. Die Bewertung von besonderen Konstellationen, insbesondere die Therapieresistenz wird analysiert und praktische Hinweise für eine regulatorische Handhabung aufgezeigt. Derzeit führt eine Eskalation der medikamentösen Therapie immer zu einem Off-Label-Use, der als individueller Heilversuch der Begründung und eines persönlichen kontinuierlichen Monitorings bedarf.
Einfluss von Emotionsregulation und emotionaler Erregung auf Lebensqualität und Adhärenz bei Paaren nach Nierentransplantation
Authors: Peters Luisa , Franke Laura , Tkachenko Daria , Schiffer Mario , Zimmermann Tanja
Published: May 2018

Einleitung Bei Patienten nach Nierentransplantationen ist die Nonadhärenz an die immunsuppressive Behandlung das größte Risiko für einen Transplantatverlust. Maladaptive Emotionsregulationsstrategien (ERS) stellen Risikofaktoren für Nonadhärenz dar, während bei Patienten in Partnerschaft Unterstützung des Partners protektiv wirkt. In Zusammenhang mit dem partnerschaftlichen Unterstützungsverhalten steht außerdem emotionale Erregung, objektiv messbar mithilfe der Sprachgrundfrequenz (f0 ).

Material & Methoden Bei N=50 Paaren nach Nierentransplantation wurde der Zusammenhang zwischen Erfahrungen und Überzeugungen hinsichtlich der imunsuppressiven Medikation (ISM), Lebensqualität (LQ), erlebten Emotionen, ERS und f0 während eines Paargesprächs untersucht.

Ergebnisse Mehr maladaptive ERS des Transplantierten hingen mit geringerer mentaler LQ des Partners, tendenziell höherem eigenen negativem Affekt und schlechteren eigenen Erfahrungen und Überzeugungen hinsichtlich der ISM zusammen. Maladaptive ERS des Partners wiesen negative Korrelationen mit der eigenen mentalen LQ auf. Bezüglich der f0 fanden sich Geschlechterunterschiede. Eine höhere f0 des männlichen Transplantierten hing mit mehr maladaptiven ERS der Partnerinnen zusammen. Tendenziell signifikante Zusammenhänge zeigten sich auch mit schlechteren eigenen Erfahrungen und Überzeugungen hinsichtlich der ISM. Eine erhöhte f0 der Partnerinnen männlicher Transplantierter wies Zusammenhänge mit geringerem eigenem positivem Affekt, mehr negativem Affekt des Transplantierten und schlechteren Erfahrungen und Überzeugungen hinsichtlich der ISM aus Sicht der Partnerin auf. Höhere f0 weiblicher Transplantierter stand in Zusammenhang mit geringeren eigenen maladaptiven ERS und denen des Partners.

Diskussion Die Ergebnisse geben Hinweise auf die Relevanz von frühzeitigen Interventionen nach einer Nierentransplantation, in denen auf die Identifizierung und Modifizierung maladaptiver ERS von Patient und Partner fokussiert werden sollte.
Das Antikorruptionsgesetz aus Sicht der Strafverfolgungsbehörden
Authors: Badle Alexander
Published: May 2018

Das am 04.06.2016 in Kraft getretene Gesetz zur Bekämpfung von Korruption im Gesundheitswesen mit seinen beiden Kernvorschriften der Bestechlichkeit und Bestechung im Gesundheitswesen (§§ 299a, 299b StGB) hat in allen Sparten des Gesundheitswesens für reichlich Aufregung und Verunsicherung gesorgt, die teilweise hysterische Züge angenommen haben. Zum ersten Mal stehen Bestechlichkeit und Bestechung im Gesundheitswesen unter Strafe. Da Unsicherheit und Angst bekanntermaßen keine guten Ratgeber sind, soll dieser Beitrag eine Orientierung liefern, wie man etwaige strafrechtliche Risiken erkennen und sich vor ihnen wirksam schützen kann.
Schweigepflicht und Datenschutz, eine Herzensangelegenheit
Authors: Weber Hans-Jörg , Spyra Gerald
Published: May 2018

Ärztliche Schweigepflicht und Datenschutz sind aufgrund der Fortschritte in der digitalen Diagnostik, Datenverarbeitung und -übermittlung sowie aufgrund der bevorstehenden Einführung der Datenschutzgrundverordnung im Mai dieses Jahres ein hochaktuelles Thema. Verstöße gegen Verschwiegenheitspflicht und Datenschutzrecht können empfindlich geahndet werden. Der Arzt sollte sich daher immer wieder die Reichweite der ärztlichen Schweigepflicht vor Augen führen. Darüber hinaus empfiehlt sich in der Praxis der Aufbau eines Datenschutzmanagements, um die Rechtmäßigkeit von Datenverarbeitung, -übermittlung, relevanten Maßnahmen usw. jederzeit nachweisen zu können.
Die digitale Buchhaltung für die Arztpraxis: Bedeutung – Durchführung – Nutzen
Authors: von Schmidt-Pauli Andreas
Published: May 2018

Digitalisierung kann man als das Umwandeln von analogen Informationen in digitale Formate bezeichnen. Diese Prozesse haben eine praktische Bedeutung im Bereich der Finanzbuchhaltung in einer Arztpraxis. Der digitalen Erfassung, Aufbereitung und Ablage und der Datenübermittlung an den Steuerberater kommt in diesem Zusammenhang eine zentrale Bedeutung zu. Die Verarbeitung durch den Steuerberater setzt auf den digitalen Informationen auf und komplettiert die bereits generierten digitalen Buchungsinformationen. Der Nutzen der Digitalisierung liegt in der weitergehenden Automatisierung der Arbeitsabläufe, der Verarbeitung der Buchungsinformationen, der Sichtbarkeit der Buchungsbelege mit dem erzeugten Buchungssatz und der zeitnahen Auswertung der Perioden.
Ultra-narrow pulse generator with precision-adjustable pulse width
Authors: Fu Zaiming , Liu Hanglin
Published: May 2018

In this paper, a novel ultra-narrow pulse generation approach is proposed. It is based on the decomposition and synthesis of pulse edges. Through controlling their relative delay, an ultra-narrow pulse could be generated. By employing field programmable gate array digital synthesis technology, the implemented pulse generator is with programmable ability. The amplitude of pulse signals is controlled by the radio frequency amplifiers and bias tees, and high precision can be achieved. More importantly, the proposed approach can break through the limitation of device’s propagation delay and optimize the resolution and the accuracy of the pulse width significantly. The implemented pulse generator has two channels, whose minimum pulse width, frequency range, and amplitude range are 100 ps, 15 MHz–1.5 GHz, and 0.1 Vpp–1.8 Vpp, respectively. Both resolution of pulse width and channel delay are 1 ps, and amplitude resolution is 10 mVpp.
Controllable helical deformations on printed anisotropic composite soft actuators
Authors: Wang Dong , Li Ling , Serjouei Ahmad , Dong Longteng , Weeger Oliver , Gu Guoying , Ge Qi
Published: May 2018

Helical shapes are ubiquitous in both nature and engineering. However, the development of soft actuators and robots that mimic helical motions has been hindered primarily due to the lack of efficient modeling approaches that take into account the material anisotropy and the directional change of the external loading point. In this work, we present a theoretical framework for modeling controllable helical deformations of cable-driven, anisotropic, soft composite actuators. The framework is based on the minimum potential energy method, and its model predictions are validated by experiments, where the microarchitectures of the soft composite actuators can be precisely defined by 3D printing. We use the developed framework to investigate the effects of material and geometric parameters on helical deformations. The results show that material stiffness, volume fraction, layer thickness, and fiber orientation can be used to control the helical deformation of a soft actuator. In particular, we found that a critical fiber orientation angle exists at which the twist of the actuator changes the direction. Thus, this work can be of great importance for the design and fabrication of soft actuators with tailored deformation behavior.
Impact fragmentation of a brittle metal compact
Authors: Tang Megan , Hooper Joseph P.
Published: May 2018

The fragmentation behavior of a metal powder compact which is ductile in compression but brittle in tension is studied via impact experiments and analytical models. Consolidated metal compacts were prepared via cold-isostatic pressing of <10 μm zinc powder at 380 MPa followed by moderate annealing at 365 °C. The resulting zinc material is ductile and strain-hardening in high-rate uniaxial compression like a traditional metal, but is elastic-brittle in tension with a fracture toughness comparable to a ceramic. Cylindrical samples were launched up to 800 m/s in a gas gun into thin aluminum perforation targets, subjecting the projectile to a complex multiaxial and time-dependent stress state that leads to catastrophic fracture. A soft-catch mechanism using low-density artificial snow was developed to recover the impact debris, and collected fragments were analyzed to determine their size distribution down to 30 μm. Though brittle fracture occurs along original particle boundaries, no power-law fragmentation behavior was observed as is seen in other low-toughness materials. An analytical theory is developed to predict the characteristic fragment size accounting for both the sharp onset of fragmentation and the effect of increasing impact velocity.