bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A model for advertising aestheticization: How an ad is aesthetically created and has an impact on audience- product, pdvertising pood and target audience triangle
Authors: Yilmaz Recep , Oncel Taskiran Nurdan
Published: March 2016

Owing to aesthetic components that advertisement texts generally have, advertisements are sometimes perceived as a genre of art by some circles. The study is based upon a perspective presented by an interdisciplinary background and it acknowledges a paradigm that advertising is not a genre of art, it obviously pursues commercial profits and within this context, expolits the created aesthetics in product. The main objective of the study, which focuses advertising aesthetic fundamentally, is to build a scientific model formulating some levels of aestheticisation during its production process. Formulation in question has been reconstructed on theoretical and applied literature.
HRM Practices and it Impact on Employee Satisfaction: A Case of Pharmaceutical Companies in Bangladesh
Authors: Rahman Mostafizur , Akhter Rafia , Chowdhury Solaiman , Islam Saiful , Haque Reiazul
Published: March 2016

The manufacturing and service sectors in Bangladesh have been growing rapidly since the beginning of twenty first century. From the beginning of the industrial development in Bangladesh, some sectors including pharmaceutical are demonstrating  extraordinary performance in manufacturing process. The study has been conducted on four large scale pharmaceutical companies based on their employees’ response. Various statistical tools were used including mean, z-test, proportion analysis etc. to analyze the satisfaction level of employees upon the critical aspects of human resource management practices. In this study, it has been aimed to assess the employee satisfaction on human resource management practices of pharmaceutical companies in Bangladesh. The human resource management practices are directly linked with the human resources of any organization. The findings of this study illustrate that the recruitment & selection, and training & development are in state of employee satisfaction level except all other aspects of human resource management practices are poor. For the success of the pharmaceutical companies it is crucial time to make the workforce more effective and efficient by practicing the human resource management aspects in their every level of work life.
Advertising to the End Consumers by Pharmaceutical Companies
Authors: Goldberg Scott
Published: March 2016

The last several years have seen an increase in the number of direct to consumer advertisements by pharmaceutical companies. Direct to Consumer advertisements (DTC) means targeting the end consumer through advertisements on television, radio, in newspapers, magazines, and the Internet. The qualitative study presents data and supports the need for a future quantitative study to ask physicians and consumers their opinions on whether pharmaceutical companies should be allowed to advertise directly to the end consumer. This article reviews the literature on this controversial topic, supporting the need to explore the reserach questions in greater detail. A review of the literature suggests there is financial motivation on the part of the pharmaceutical companies to increase their sales by advertsing directly to the end consumer as opposed to performing an educational service to the consumer.
A Cross-Cultural Comparison of Three Risk Tolerance Measures: Turkey and the United States Case
Authors: Ruiz-Menjivar Jorge , Blanco Amanda , Copur Zeynep , Gutter Michael S. , Gillen Martie
Published: March 2016

An individual’s attitude toward financial risk tolerance (FRT) is an important preference that influences financial decision-making under uncertainty. FRT involves inter-temporal resource allocation. Accurate and reliable measures of FRT are essential for professionals advising consumers as well as researchers who are trying to predict, and understand consumer behavior. This study explores cross-cultural risk tolerance by comparing random samples from Turkey, and the United States. Similar and distinctive attitudes and patterns regarding FRT are identified. Three subjective measures of FRT are employed in this study: Grable and Lytton (1999), Hanna, Gutter and Fan’s (2001) improved version of Barsky, Juster, Kimball and Shapiro (1997), and the Survey of Consumer Finance’s item on risk tolerance. Data was collected via an online survey that used the above-mentioned FRT measures. There were two versions: the original American English version, and a culturally translated Turkish version. To explore the correlation of FRT among measures, we use bivariate analysis by individually employing Pearson Chi-square test of independence, and cross tabulations analysis to each sample. In addition, by pooling both samples, we conduct cumulative logistic regression. We delineate FRT differences and consistencies between countries across subjective financial risk tolerance measures.
A Study of the Formation of Innovative Clusters As Growth Poles In the Regions of Kazakhstan
Authors: Kireyeva Anel A , Yespayev Saken S.
Published: March 2016

The aim of this resarch is to examine the level of innovative process of national economy and to reveal the essence of the cluster approach and indicators of innovative development. Keeping with the previous literature, the present study is determined by the novelty of the problem, concerning the formation and development of innovative clusters as growth poles, as well as large specifics of problems in the framework of use of innovative potential. The study employs method of monitoring of innovative processes in regions; we use method of rating estimation of innovative competitiveness of the region, based on a complex of indicators characterizing the innovation potential of the region: innovative activity and innovative susceptibility. An analysis was showed that Kazakhstan’s regions have substantial differences in the groups of regions for most of the indicators have presented form a tightly located clusters and in the ratings of innovative susceptibility and innovative activity.
A Theoretical Assessment on Emotional Intelligence as a Competitive Managerial Skill
Authors: Hacioglu Burcu
Published: March 2016

Emotion as the main motive underlying the human behaviors is a concept that has been researched by many disciplines in the social sciences. Deriving from behavioral studies on emotions, Emotional Intelligence as a critical concept in organizational behavior studies is attached to the assestment of employee motivation and performance drivers. In this study, a theoretical framework for the emotional intelligence in workplace has been assessed. The major contribution of the concept in competitive business strategies from managerial scope has been evaluated.
Indigenous Knowledge Systems and Leadership Styles in Nigerian Work Organisations
Authors: Iguisi Osarumwense
Published: March 2016

This research project investigated four managerial leadership styles in Nigerian organizations. The research question that the research tries to address is: to what extent are the leadership styles expressed in modern management theories consistent with Nigerian Traditional values? The findings do confirm that the perceived leadership style in the organizations by the managers is autocratic, the preferred style is the paternalistic and the rejected is the autocratic. For about one in five Nigerian managers, the democratic style is the most often rejected. The study challenges the validity of dominant Western universal perspectives in managerial leadership in traditional African organizations. The study suggests that elements of traditional values pose serious challenge to Nigerian managers’ ability to adopt traditional and modern management practice that can improve the effectiveness of leadership in their organizations
Use Of New Media In The Local Press: Comparative Analysis Of Local Newspapers Websites In ?zmir, Adana and Bursa
Authors: Kalsin Berrin
Published: March 2016

Local press is defined as a press that serves to introduce and train the public and to provide the public opinion.  Local press gives information about the cases happen around the region that it is published and it forms public opinion about the problems of that region.  New communication technologies havehave an important role in the forming and enhancing the news contents in the media. Changeovers have occurred in the production,  process and distributiondistribution of the news by developing the new media. On the other hand,  Internet journalism used by many press institutions is occurredoccurred as a new concept in mass communication.  National and local newspapers do not remain insensitive to this new mass communication and it attempts the Internet journalism. Firstly,  pressed newspaper had been turned into Web sites as similar but later new application about the transferring the news to the reader have occurred when we look at this application about the transferring of the pressed newspaper to the Internet environment.  In this study, the Internet websites if Adanaher from Adana,  Olay from Bursa and Ege'nin Sesi from Izmir have been compared with each other.  The form, content and interaction of these three newspapers have been discussed and the usage of social media and importance given to the local news have been analyzed.
A Study on the Relationship between Organizational Culture and Organizational Performance and a Model Suggestion
Authors: Yildiz Ebru
Published: March 2016

Organizational culture is defined as set of goals and values shared by employees in the organization. Recently it has also come to be perceived as a resource of knowledge in the organization. In the literature, along with the studies aiming at identifying the elements of organizational culture, there are some research that study the relationship between organizational culture and performance. This article is a theoretical study of the two concepts and suggests a research model for further research. Recently, knowledge management and innovation strategy have started to be regarded as features of organizational culture. Research shows that these two variables also have significant impacts on organizational performance. Our model suggests measuring the effect of organizational culture on performance along with the supportive impacts of knowledge management and innovation strategy.
What explains differences in countries’ migration policies?
Authors: Gumus Yasin Kerem
Published: March 2016

The aim of this paper is to analyse the reasons for differences in national migration policies. European societies are struggling with the problem of how to best include the immigrants in their social structures.  Although national migration policies in Europe have developed some common elements in recent years the contents and structure of national programmes vary widely in terms of their scope, goals, target groups and the institutional actors involved. The main question of the paper is “What explains the different migration policies of countries?” To answer the question, after mentioning the current differences within the European Union in terms of their migration policies, the paper will take Germany and France as examples which demonstrate sharply different cases of immigrant integration policies in the public course.
The Relationship between Teamwork and Organizational Trust
Authors: Isik Musab , Timuroglu Kursad , Aliyev Yussuf
Published: March 2016

The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between teamwork and organizational trust. In the implementation section the data from the survey of 250 workers is employed in call centers in Erzurum by using relevant statistical methods. Consequently, it is found that there is a positive and significant relationship between teamwork and organizational trust. Thus, the hypothesis of the study is supported as it was expected. Besides, it is found that there are positive and significant relationships between communication, openness to innovation, participation-trust in teamwork and organizational trust, trust in management, trust in co-workers, and trust in workplace.
A Survey of Managerial Perspective on Corporate Dividend Policy
Authors: Kuzucu Narman
Published: March 2016

This research paper examines the corporate dividend payout behaviors of non-financial firms from Istanbul Stock Exchange (Borsa Istanbul). Survey method is conducted to investigate managerial views on corporate dividend policy. The study investigates whether the evidence in Turkish stock market on dividend policy is similar to the European and the U.S. firms’ results which are reported earlier by other studies, and moreover in what extent Lintner’s (1956) findings on dividends is supported by today’s listed firms in an emerging market. The financial managers from 38 firms out of 216 non-financial companies responded the survey. The results show that there is a significant positive relationship between cash dividends and earnings. Earnings are viewed as the most important factor in dividend decision like in European and the U.S. firms. Sustainable change in earnings, stability and level of future earnings, and the desire to distribute a proportion of earnings to shareholders are the common determinants of dividend policy. The majority of the respondents reports that they target dividends. Dividend yield is the most common measure for dividend targeting. Share repurchases are not viewed as alternative to dividend payouts unlike the U.S. firms. The study finds supporting evidences for bird-in-the-hand and signaling hypotheses, and Lintner’s model.
Determinants of Domestic Private Investment
Authors: Waheed Abdul
Published: March 2016

This paper analyzes the determinants of domestic private investment in Pakistan using long time series data for the period 1982 to 2012. The conventional variable such as output is not significant in explaining the domestic private investment but the interest rate has significant negative effect on private investment in the long run. The results of the study confirm the validity of crowding in hypothesis and debt overhang hypothesis for Pakistan. This study did not find any support for Mackinnon-Shaw hypothesis. The improvement in law and order condition and existence of democratic political regime in the country has significant positive effect on domestic private investment in the long run. The focus on non-conventional variables could restore investors’ confidence and may result in the recovery of domestic private investment in the country.
Effects of Forced Responses and Question Display Styles on Web Survey Response Rates
Authors: Tangmanee Chatpong , Niruttinanon Phattharaphong
Published: March 2016

Researchers have increasingly adopted a web survey for data collection. Previous studies have examined factors leading to a web survey’s success. However, virtually no empirical work has examined the effects of the three levels of forced responses or the two styles of question items displayed on a web survey’s response rate. The current study attempted to fill this void. Using a quasi-experiment approach, we obtained 778 unique responses to six comparable web questionnaires of identical content. The analysis confirmed that (1) there were statistically significant differences across the surveys with the 100%-, 50%- and 0%-forced responses, and (2) there is not a significant difference between the response rates between surveys with scrolling and those with paging styles. In addition to extending the theoretical insight into factors contributing to a web survey’s response rate, the findings have offered recommendations to enhance the response rate in a web survey project.
Factors Affecting the Intention to Reuse Mobile Banking Service
Authors: Arahita Ceva Lavenja , Hatammimi Jurry
Published: March 2016

The accelerated advancement in technology resulted to the appearance of Self Service Technology. One form of self-service technology in the banking sector is the presence of mobile banking. This study aims to examine the influence of five factors toward the reusing of Mobile Bank Central Asia (BCA) in Bandung. Those factors used in this study were the extension of Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) constructs, i.e perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, perceived credibility, customer awareness and social influence. Data was collected through distributed questionnaire to 100 respondents who used Mobile BCA by using judgment sampling. Multiple linear regression technique was employed to investigate the influence among variables. This study empirically concluded that consumer intention to reuse BCA mobile services was positively influenced by social influence, customer awareness and perceived ease of use. On the other hand, perceived usefulness and perceived credibility did not influence the intention of reusing Mobile BCA in Bandung. Further study is suggested to use probability sampling technique to cover the real voice of mobile banking user in Bandung and to explore the lack influence of perceived usefulness and perceived credibility toward reusing of Mobile BCA.
Complexities and Constraints Influencing Learner Performance in Physical Science
Authors: Mafukata Mavhungu Abel
Published: March 2016

This paper explores complexities and constraints affecting performance and output of physical science learners in Vhembe District, Limpopo Province, South Africa. The study was motivated by the desire of the researcher to establish, profile and characterise the complexities and constraints reminiscence of poor performance of learners in physical science as measured through end-of-year Grade 12 (final year of high school education) examination results. Twenty six schools (n=26) were purposively selected from three circuits of education (n=3). From these schools, two learners were randomly selected (n=52) for interviews. In addition, two circuit managers (n=2) were conveniently selected as part of Key Informant Interviews (KII). For the Focus Group Discussions (FGDs), twelve (n=12) parents were randomly selected to form two groups of six members each. Multi-factor complexities and constraints impeding performance of learners were discovered. Intensive teacher in-service programme is recommended. Community engagement should be encouraged to educate parents on the value of involvement in the education of their children. Free access learner support structures such as Homework and Extra-lessons Assistance Centre (H&EACs) should be established.
The Role of Host-Universities in the Process of Erasmus Students’ Intercultural Adaptation
Authors: Udrea Georgiana , Dumitriu Diana Luiza , Scîrlat Mădălina Ștefana , Stroe Andreea
Published: March 2016

Within the general framework of the internationalization of higher education, this paper brings forward the role of host-universities in facilitating the intercultural adaptation of Erasmus students. In line with Kim’s (2001, 2005) theoretical approach, the general premise that we build our research on is that the more universities involve in organizing activities which encourage communication and social relationships for the visiting students, the easier the adaptive process to the new socio-cultural medium would be for them. Based on 20 in-depth interviews with Romanian students aged between 19 and 23, who went on an Erasmus programme of 4 to 8 months in different European countries, we discuss which were the main facilitators and barriers that they had to cope with during their mobility sojourn. Although the results show a low level of host-universities engagement in facilitating the adaptive process of visiting students, we lay stress on how universities can approach this process as a win-win relation and which are the short-term and long-term implications on both individual and organizational level.
Social Networking Websites Usage and Life Satisfaction: A Study of Materialist Values Shared by Facebook Users
Authors: Frunzaru Valeriu , Boțan Mădălina
Published: March 2016

This paper attempts to analyze how materialist values mediate the relationship between time spent on social networking websites (SNW) and overall life satisfaction. Admittedly, younger generations spend more time on SNW compared to older generations, therefore we can anticipate that younger people are more affected by materialism and, consequently, less satisfied with their lives. The conceptual model proposed here was tested on a convenience sample of 390 Romanian adults. Using structural equation modeling, our findings validate the hypothesis that younger people spend more time on SNW; the SNW usage makes them more materialistic and, as a result, less satisfied with life. These findings raise ethical questions regarding the impact of SNW on overall life satisfaction. For example, Facebook, the most popular SNW in Romania, is a virtual social sphere where people become “friends”, give or receive “likes”, are “fans” of something or somebody, etc. Therefore, we argue that Facebook is a symbolical locus for quantitative manifestations of something intimate and private, like feelings or appreciations. Such materialist approach to friendship and relationships has a significant negative impact on life satisfaction.
Book review of The Emotions Industry edited by Mira Moshe, New York: Nova Publishers, 2014, 265 pages
Authors: Corbu Nicoleta
Published: March 2016

Book review of The Emotions Industry edited by Mira Moshe, New York: Nova Publishers, 2014, 265 pages
Engagement and Empathy Discourses in Corporate Communication: The Case of “The Science of Engagement”
Authors: Yeomans Liz , Topic Martina
Published: March 2016

This paper analyzes engagement and empathy discourse in a corporate document The Science of Engagement published online by a leading UK PR agency. The method used was a critical discourse analysis (CDA) of the document, and the findings reveal that the engagement discourse in this document positions the consumer as a passive, compulsive purchaser, while the empathy discourse largely frames the consumer as young and more empathic than previous generations, and thus an easily accessible target for brands to appeal to, using emotional communication on social media. The conclusion of the paper is that in contrast to conceptual understandings of engagement as two-way and empathy as other-oriented, the Agency relies on early understanding of engagement as a cognitive process based on instincts and persuasive communication, and not as a concept of social communication that will be dependent on cultural and social differences, individual approach, and trust. This practice goes against the already acknowledged view of engagement and empathy as more than just cognitive responses by consumers, and presents an outdated understanding of these increasingly debated concepts.
#publicrelations on Twitter: Pushers, Talkers, Influencers on Spamming PR and Job Hunting
Authors: Adi Ana
Published: March 2016

A space generally associated with marketers and breaking news (Hobsbawn, 2009 cited in Evans, Twomey & Talan, 2011), Twitter has also become a space debate, community building and legitimization for companies and social movements alike. The academic literature has seen a rise in interest in the micro-blogging platform. For instance, Adi and Moloney (2012) assess the strategic uses of Twitter by protest groups, Adi, Erickson and Lilleker (2014) reflect on the networks and use pattern of the same platform by politicians, namely UK Labor party representatives in the House of Lords while Adi and Grigore (2015) analyze the strategic uses of social media by corporations. Bajpai and Jaiswal (2011) on the other hand propose a framework for analyzing collective action events on Twitter and so do the creators behind visual analysis platforms like NodeXL, Gephi, Linkurious and Socioviz. Public Relations research too has provided several reflections and analyses of Twitter. Verhoeven et al (2012) and Sweetsner and Kelleher discuss how practitioners use social media; Lovejoy, Waters and Saxton evaluate how NGO are engaging stakeholders though the new medium, while Saffer, Sommerfeldt and Taylor (2013) suggest that Twitter interactivity influences the quality of organization–public relationships. With questions about the professionalization of Public Relations as well as about the portrayals and perceptions of the profession continuing to intrigue researchers, it is surprising that only Xifra and Grau (2010) looked into the type of information shared in tweets about public relations. Using the Twitter data collection and analysis option from Socioviz this paper provides an exploratory account of the #publicrelations on Twitter. Using the visualizations provided by the platform and automated data analysis to gain insight into over 10,000 tweets published during June 15-24 and July 15-24, this paper qualitatively assesses the emerging themes about public relations focusing on association of hashtags and type of messages shared and identifies the most active and most influential users within the issue topic. The paper reveals that the #publicrelations is often associated with #jobs or is hijacked and associated with tags such as #gossip or #entertainment. The paper also shows that conversation in the #publicrelations issue network is limited and that the hashtag only partially includes content relevant to the practice. In doing so the paper raises important questions about the nature of dialogue and symmetry on social media and their assessment and suggests that further research should explore twitter chats as well as continue to apply similar data collection methods as used for the study.
Saved by the Union: Romanians’ Attitudes toward the European Union
Authors: Chiciudean Ion , Corbu Nicoleta
Published: March 2016

In this study we show that, in the aftermath of the economic crisis, Romanians remain among the most enthusiastic citizens of the European Union, in what concerns trust in the European institutions, projections for the future, the image of the EU and general attitudes toward the union. Relying on data provided by eurobarometers since the Romanian integration, we argue that the reasons for this peculiar position of Romanians within the EU is largely due to how people evaluate the economic and political performance of their own country: from evaluations of the economy to trust in national institutions, Romanians are very pessimistic about how their country handles the present situation and about perspectives for the future. In this context, they turn to the European Union as to a Savior, who represents their hope and promise for a better future, for economic prosperity and security. This is the reason why, more than five years after the beginning of the financial crisis, Romanians are still among the most optimistic citizens of Europe.
Appraising Unconventional Resources: How Many Wells To Drill and Where To Place Them?
Authors: Willigers Bart J. , Begg Steve , Bratvold Reidar B.
Published: March 2016

Appraisal programs undertaken by exploration and production (E&P) companies are designed to resolve subsurface uncertainties that contribute to uncertainty in the economic potential of undeveloped fields. Value-of-information (VOI) assessments allow E&P players to quantify the economic value of their proposed appraisal programs before carrying them out.

This study proposes a VOI methodology that is tuned to the nature of the subsurface uncertainties in unconventional plays and is capable of assessing a wide range of appraisal strategies (defined as the number and configuration of wells). It addresses two main problems. The first is how to characterize the uncertainty (in a play) that an appraisal program is intended to reduce or resolve. The second is how to cast that characterization of the uncertainty in a VOI context so that the merits of various appraisal programs can be evaluated.

This paper characterizes the subsurface uncertainty that arises because of inadequate sampling of natural geologic variability. In this work, three quantities are assumed to be uncertain: the mean and standard deviation (SD) (variability) of the expected ultimate recovery (EUR) of the population of wells to be drilled, should development go ahead, and the range of the variogram that describes the spatial correlation of EUR as a function of the distance between wells. The optimal appraisal program would presumably depend on the true values of these quantities.

The methodology is illustrated by application to a typical unconventional play. The VOI of an appraisal program can be optimized in terms of the number of the appraisal wells to be drilled and the placement of those wells. This VOI increases as the placement of the set of wells is changed from being clustered in the central part of the appraised area to approaching uniform distribution across the area. To obtain the optimal well placement, the incremental learning from changing the well locations should be balanced against the incremental costs that are required to increase the spacing of the appraisal wells. The study results demonstrate how the VOI of each incremental appraisal well decreases with the number of appraisal wells and how an optimal number of appraisal wells can be determined.
Pipeline Operations in Bass Strait
Authors: Kemp D. G.
Published: March 2016

As part of the 1989 work programme, Esso Australia Ltd., operating on behalf of the Joint Venture between BHP Petroleum and Esso Exploration and Production, Australia, was to lay some 180 kilometers of pipelines and umbilicals to service new developments.
Thin Oil Development in the Bream Field
Authors: Sulaiman S. , Bretherton T. A.
Published: March 2016

This paper describes Esso/BHP's development of the Bream field in the Bass Strait. The Bream field contains a 13.5 metre (44 ft.) pancake oil zone overlain by a large gas cap with strong aquifer support from the basin wide aquifer. Bream is an anticlinal structure located 46km (28 miles) offshore in 70 metres (230 ft.) of water. The reservoir consists of coastal plain, marginal marine and beach sands with interbedded coals and shales. Extrusive and intrusive igneous rocks are associated with and control part of the structure. These volcanic beds cause seismic velocity problems.

Development drilling commenced in April 1988 and is expected to end in 1991. Bream is being developed initially as an oil field prior to eventual gas cap blowdown. To maximize oil recovery, produced gascap gas is reinjected to stabilize the oil column. A major factor influencing recovery is reservoir stratification. Although this has, to a certain extent, provided protection from gas and water coning, it limits the drainage radius of each well. Horizontal drilling has been evaluated in an effort to reduce coning effects and increase well spacing. It is hoped that the experience gained from Bream can assist other operators in planning similar thin oil developments.
Electric Submersible Pump Optimization in the Bima Field
Authors: Bihn G. C. , Utomo E. H. , D'Silva G. P.
Published: March 2016

An oil rate increase of more than 40% in a Bima field well was observed when the number of stages in the electric submersible pump (ESP) was doubled from its original design.

The high viscosity of the Bima crude is believed responsible for reducing the head generating capacity of ESPs installed in this field. This condition makes it necessary to run units with extra staging. Although this phenomenon is documented in the literature, the use of published head efficiency factors does not adequately compensate for the magnitude of the head loss.

Since these correlations depend on the viscosity of the crude oil, the discrepancy may be related to the difficulties in measuring the viscosity of an oil emulsion system in the laboratory.

This problem is circumvented by using downhole pressure sensors to record the head developed by the ESP in the well. The measured value is then compared to an expected value to obtain actual head efficiency. By knowing the magnitude of these efficiencies, ESPs producing from the same reservoir can be designed using a more realistic head loss correction.
Nitrified Emulsion Provides Dramatic Improvements in Live Acid Penetration
Authors: Peters F. W. , Saxon A.
Published: March 2016

One of the toughest challenges to improving carbonate stimulation through acidizing has been the violent rate of reaction between hydrochloric acid (HCl) and limestone. Much of the research work devoted to carbonate acidizing has always been targeted at decreasing the acid spending rate, thereby increasing the depth of penetration by the live acid. No economically successful technique has been discovered that will alter the reaction rate of hydrochloric acid in contact with limestone, so alternative methods have been devised. Many of these involve establishing a barrier between the acid and the rock that will interfere with their ability to make contact. One of the most successful techniques is to introduce the acid into the formation as the internal phase of an oil-outside emulsion. While this approach has no effect on the acid-rock reaction rate, it is very effective at delaying the acid's contact with the rock. The strong interfacial tensions, created by the surfactant phase of the emulsion, must be overcome in order for the acid to react with the rock.

A significant improvement in emulsified acid system has recently been developed and proved successful in matrix carbonate treatments. The improvement involves the introduction of a second internal phase that results in a further delay in the acid's ability to contact the formation walls. Preliminary laboratory investigation indicated the technical and practical feasibilities of the tri-phase system, and subsequent field applications proved its superiority over even the highly successful conventional emulsified system.
Recalibration Techniques for Accurate Determinations of Formation Pore Pressures From Shale Resistivity
Authors: Weakley R. R.
Published: March 2016

Techniques for estimating formation pore pressures from relative changes in log derived shale properties have been in the industry and accepted for years. The basic premise, of course, is that, at depth, shale porosity is a function of the pore fluid pressure and the log derived shale properties are a function of the shale porosity. There are difficulties, however, in that there are other factors which can influence the log properties of shales than just porosity alone. For this reason, the determination of formation pore pressures from log properties can be difficult and inaccurate.

Recalibration techniques and considerations have been developed for the various log derived properties typically used in the industry, however this paper will focus on those affecting shale resistivity, or conductivity if you prefer. In particular, the effects of changes in formation salinities and the effects of multiple log runs are the significant factors which have been addressed and dealt with. As increasing pore pressures are encountered, shale resistivities decrease as an indication of increasing pressure. However, if the formation water salinity increases, the shale resistivity will also drop, complicating the analysis. Also, as we set each string of casing, we log each subsequently smaller hole with a different log tool, probably a different logging engineer and in many cases with an entirely different logging unit. These changes which occur at each log run also result in difficulty in pore pressure determinations across these intervals.

This method addresses the effect of changing salinities and log runs and enables one to accurately determine formation pore pressures from shale resistivity and conductivity trends. The technique has been utilized on hundreds of wells throughout the Gulf of Mexico with great success. Typically pore pressure determinations are within a few tenths of a pound per gallon of measured pore pressures in the adjacent virgin sands.
Impact of Solvent Injection Strategy and Reservoir Description on Hydrocarbon Miscible EOR for the Prudhoe Bay Unit, Alaska
Authors: Dawson A. G. , Jackson D. D. , Buskirk D. L.
Published: March 2016

A large hydrocarbon miscible flood of the Sadlerochit and Sag River sandstones is now in progress at the Prudhoe Bay Unit. The current miscible flood area includes more than 50 patterns, with the potential for flooding more than 100 patterns. Process design is complicated by a highly variable reservoir description and an uncertain level of vertical communication. A reservoir simulation study was made to determine EOR sensitivity to reservoir description, solvent injection rate, and solvent bank size. Results from this study were used to develop a solvent injection strategy that maximized EOR benefits within the limitations of solvent availability.

The simulation study used 11 basic models. Each model was designed to represent a geological subset of the actual EOR patterns. The design sensitivity matrix consisted of two vertical permeability assumptions, two solvent injection rates, and at least two solvent bank sizes. Solvent efficiency as a function of solvent bank size was determined for half of the above cases.

Miscible EOR was shown to be a strong function of reservoir description and vertical permeability. Permeability distribution within the formation was a key variable in determining the relative performance of a pattern. Less important was the impact of solvent injection rate (WAG ratio) on miscible EOR. A procedure was developed to estimate the optimum solvent bank size for each of the project patterns as a function of the cumulative solvent supply.
Reuse of effluent discharged from tannery wastewater treatment plants by powdered activated carbon and ultrafiltration combined reverse osmosis system
Authors: Jang Am , Jung Jong-Tae , Kang Hayoung , Kim Hyung-Soo , Kim Jong-Oh
Published: March 2016

We evaluate the applicability of a reverse osmosis (RO) system that combines powdered activated carbon (PAC) and ultrafiltration (UF) to treat the effluent discharged from tannery wastewater treatment plants. Conventional treatment processes such as neutralization, clariflocculation, and biological processes are used to clean the effluent before feeding to the PAC and UF combined RO system. The efficiency of the combined system was evaluated using the chemical oxygen demand Mn (CODMn), color, pH, turbidity, total nitrogen, total phosphate, and conductivity. The PAC was effective in greatly reducing the CODMn and color. The turbidity and silt density index of the UF permeate satisfied the water quality indices required for the RO feed. The RO system was constantly maintained at approximately 75% RO recovery, and the RO permeate satisfied the water quality requirements for reusing the processed water. Therefore, the PAC-UF combined RO system can be used to process effluent discharged from tannery wastewater treatment plants for reuse.
New 2-Imino-2H-Chromene-3(N-aryl)carboxamides as Potential Cytotoxic Agents
Authors: Gill Rupinder Kaur , Kumari Jyoti , Bariwal Jitender
Published: March 2016

Synthesis and structure activity relationships of four series of novel 2-imino-2H-chromene-3(N-aryl)
carboxamides (V-VIII) have been described by bioisosteric replacement of usually present ketone at 2nd position of
coumarin with imine. Various substitutents are introduced on aryl and chromene ring of iminocoumarin to investigate
the effect of lipophilicity and electronic properties of substituents on cytotoxic activity against four human cancer cell
lines. Novel 2-imino-2H-chromene-3(N-aryl)carboxamides (V-VIII) were synthesized by the reaction of substituted 2-
cyanoacetamides with different salicyaldehydes in the presence of sodium acetate in glacial acetic acid. Compound
VIa showed potent activity against MCF-7 (IC50 = 8.5 μM), PC-3 (IC50 = 35.0 μM), A-549 (IC50 = 0.9 μM) and Caco-2
(IC50 = 9.9 μM) cell lines. The anticancer results revealed that most of the synthesized compounds showed equipotent
activity with the standard 5-fluorouracil and docetaxel on Caco-2 and MCF-7 cell lines, respectively.
Condensation inside smooth horizontal tubes: Part 2. Improvement of heat exchange prediction
Authors: Rifert Volodymyr , Sereda Volodymyr , Barabash Peter , Gorin Vadim
Published: March 2016

In this study, a theoretical model of film condensation inside horizontal tubes with more precise definition of friction coefficient on interphase is presented to calculate the heat transfer coefficient under two-phase annular and intermediate flow conditions. This more precise definition contains experimental substantiation of correction for calculation of pressure losses by friction and correction that takes into account surface suction on the interphase. Comparison of this model with the experimental data of various authors demonstrates that the results are in satisfactory and close agreement.
He’s fractional derivative and its application for fractional Fornberg-Whitham equation
Authors: Wang Kang-Le , Liu San-Yang
Published: March 2016

Fractional Fornberg-Whitham equation with He?s fractional derivative is studied in a fractal process. The fractional complex transform is adopted to convert the studied fractional equation into a differential equation, and He's homotopy perturbation method is used to solve the equation.
Long-term drug use and polypharmacy among the elderly population in the Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina
Authors: Markovic-Pekovic Vanda , Skrbic Ranko
Published: March 2016

Background/Aim. Prescription of drugs is a fundamental care component of the
elderly. Elderly patients often take multiple drugs, and it is known that
polypharmacy may lead to drug interactions and adverse events. The aim of
this study was to analyze the long-term drug use and the prevalence of
polypharmacy among the elderly population in the Republic of Srpska, Bosnia
and Herzegovina. Methods. A retrospective study of outpatient drug use in
2005 and 2010 was conducted, analyzing prescriptions for patients aged ? 65
years reimbursed by the Health Insurance Fund. The study population was
stratified by gender and age. Long-term drug use was defined as continuous
drug dispensing for a whole year or at least two thirds of the year.
Polypharmacy was defined as the use of 5 or more different reimbursed drugs.
Results. Of all insured people aged ? 65 years, long-term drug use was
identified in 10% (2005) and in 19% (2010), of whom 62% were women. Two to
four different drugs were used by almost 49% (2005) and 54% (2010) of the
elderly patients. The polypharmacy prevalence increased from 1.4% (2005) to
3.6% (2010); it increased in all the age groups of both genders. The largest
increase was observed in the age group 65-74 years. Polypharmacy prevalence
increase was higher in women. The most commonly used drugs were those for to
treatment of cardiovascular diseases, in particular drugs for hypertension
and cardiac treatment. Conclusion. The study findings point out to the
increase of elderly population with a long-term drug use. Over a half of
elderly patients use 2-4 different drugs on the long-term basis. The
polypharmacy prevalence was low. It increased in the period of 5 years in
both genders. The increase was more prominent in women of all the age groups.
The use of multiple drugs and polypharmacy increased with ageing.
Antigen-Encoding Bone Marrow Terminates Islet-Directed Memory CD8+ T-Cell Responses to Alleviate Islet Transplant Rejection
Authors: Coleman Miranda A. , Jessup Claire F. , Bridge Jennifer A. , Overgaard Nana H. , Penko Daniella , Walters Stacey , Borg Danielle J. , Galea Ryan , Forbes Josephine M. , Thomas Ranjeny , Coates Patrick T.C. , Grey Shane T. , Wells James W. , Steptoe Raymond J.
Published: March 2016

Islet-specific memory T cells arise early in type 1 diabetes (T1D), persist for long periods, perpetuate disease, and are rapidly reactivated by islet transplantation. As memory T cells are poorly controlled by “conventional” therapies, memory T cell–mediated attack is a substantial challenge in islet transplantation, and this will extend to application of personalized approaches using stem cell–derived replacement β-cells. New approaches are required to limit memory autoimmune attack of transplanted islets or replacement β-cells. Here, we show that transfer of bone marrow encoding cognate antigen directed to dendritic cells, under mild, immune-preserving conditions, inactivates established memory CD8+ T-cell populations and generates a long-lived, antigen-specific tolerogenic environment. Consequently, CD8+ memory T cell–mediated targeting of islet-expressed antigens is prevented and islet graft rejection alleviated. The immunological mechanisms of protection are mediated through deletion and induction of unresponsiveness in targeted memory T-cell populations. The data demonstrate that hematopoietic stem cell–mediated gene therapy effectively terminates antigen-specific memory T-cell responses, and this can alleviate destruction of antigen-expressing islets. This addresses a key challenge facing islet transplantation and, importantly, the clinical application of personalized β-cell replacement therapies using patient-derived stem cells.
Design of Twin River Bridges for Light Rail Transit and Highway
Authors: Yin Delan , Liu Anshuang
Published: March 2016

Dongshuimen Yangtze River Bridge and Qiansimen Jialing River Bridge, together be called the Twin River Bridges, are designed to carry two tracks of light rail transit and four lanes of highway traffic through three business districts of Chongqing, China. The actual weight of the trains and their intended configuration of the rail transit are used for the design of the bridges. The main spans of these two bridges are 445 m and 318 m, respectively. This article describes the special provisions of the specifications for the design of this dual-function bridge, and the special devices used for light rail transit operations.
Functional Nausea in Children: A Review of the Literature and Need for Diagnostic Criteria
Authors: Russell Alexandra , Stone Amanda , Walker Lynn
Published: March 2016

Nausea is common amongst children with functional gastrointestinal disorders and is associated with a high burden of somatic and psychosocial comorbidities in both the short and long-term. Current treatments including medications, phytotherapy, stress-reduction techniques, and gastric electrical stimulation for recalcitrant cases, are reviewed. Functional nausea merits its own diagnostic criteria as a pediatric functional gastrointestinal disorder.
Comparisons of Modeling and State of Charge Estimation for Lithium-Ion Battery Based on Fractional Order and Integral Order Methods
Authors: Xiao Renxin , Shen Jiangwei , Li Xiaoyu , Yan Wensheng , Pan Erdong , Chen Zheng
Published: March 2016

In order to properly manage lithium-ion batteries of electric vehicles (EVs), it is essential to build the battery model and estimate the state of charge (SOC). In this paper, the fractional order forms of Thevenin and partnership for a new generation of vehicles (PNGV) models are built, of which the model parameters including the fractional orders and the corresponding resistance and capacitance values are simultaneously identified based on genetic algorithm (GA). The relationships between different model parameters and SOC are established and analyzed. The calculation precisions of the fractional order model (FOM) and integral order model (IOM) are validated and compared under hybrid test cycles. Finally, extended Kalman filter (EKF) is employed to estimate the SOC based on different models. The results prove that the FOMs can simulate the output voltage more accurately and the fractional order EKF (FOEKF) can estimate the SOC more precisely under dynamic conditions.