bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fully distributed bipartite output formation tracking for heterogeneous singular multiagent systems on signed digraphs
Authors: Liu Tianya , Sheng Andong , Qi Guoqing , Li Yinya
Published: July 2023

This article investigates the bipartite output formation tracking problem of heterogeneous singular multiagent systems (MASs) over a signed digraph on which two types of cases without and with input saturation are considered, respectively. First, a novel formation tracking protocol is presented for heterogeneous singular MASs in the absence of input saturation constraints. In the proposed protocol, a distributed observer with adaptive updating mechanism is constructed for each follower, which does not involve global information of communication graph. Based on the observer, the designed controller addresses bipartite output formation tracking of heterogeneous singular MASs in a fully distributed fashion. Then, by the output regulation theory and low‐gain feedback technique, a low‐gain formation tracking protocol is proposed to achieve semi‐global bipartite output formation tracking for heterogeneous singular MASs subject to input saturation constraints. Finally, two simulation examples are given to illustrate the feasibility of theoretical results.
Removal of Fe and Mn from the groundwater by using zeolite with Rossellomorea sp.
Authors: Lee Wen Si , Aziz Hamidi Abdul , Tajarudin Husnul Azan
Published: July 2023

Groundwater is one of the alternatives to surface water that can be used for drinking water; however, it normally exists with high iron and manganese content. In this study, a column study was conducted to observe the elimination of iron (Fe) and manganese (Mn) in the groundwater under different retention times by using zeolite immobilized with iron‐oxidizing bacteria (IOB). Rossellomorea sp., representing an IOB, was found from the isolation process and was further cultured in the laboratory for immobilization into the natural zeolite as replacement materials for the sand filter. When the zeolite assisted with the Rossellomorea sp. was used, the elimination of Fe and Mn were 99.34% and 88.92%, respectively, compared to the removal of Fe and Mn, which were 93.62% and 93.73%, respectively, for media without immobilization. The presence of Rossellomorea sp. enhances the Fe oxidation, resulting in high removal of Fe. The Thomas and Yoon–Nelson models were performed in both raw zeolite and zeolite with IOB. The total coliform (most probable number [MPN]) increased from 70.8 to 307.6 MPN/100 mL because of the Rossellomorea sp. present that promotes the growth of coliform bacteria. In conclusion, the immobilization of zeolite with IOB is a potential technique to extract the Fe and Mn in the groundwater.

Practitioner Points

Zeolite incorporated with Rossellomorea sp. has higher removal performance of Fe, whereas the removal of Mn reduced compared to the raw zeolite.

The presence of Rossellomorea sp. enhances the oxidation of ferrous iron and improves the removal of Fe in the groundwater because the ferric iron is the priority ion to be exchanged.

The removal of UV254 increase when Rossellomorea sp. present in the zeolite because the Rossellomorea sp. consume the natural organic matter as carbon source.
Experimental investigation of the effect of smart water and a novel synthetic nanocomposite on wettability alteration, interfacial tension reduction, and EOR
Authors: Mansouri Mohsen , Jafarbeigi Ehsan , Ahmadi Yaser , Hosseini Seyyed Hossein
Published: July 2023

Recently, smart water (SmW) and nanocomposite (NC) flooding have shown good potential for enhanced oil recovery (EOR) processes. Although SmW and NCs are found to influence the oil recovery, there are still some controversies regarding their performance on wettability alteration (WA). To address this important question, we synthesized new NC materials with high hydrophilic properties. In this research, in the first stage, a NC was synthesized. The obtained compound was known as (UiO-66-NH2/TiO2/ZnO) (UNTZ). For the identification of NC, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and X-ray Diffraction (XRD) techniques were used. Furthermore, zeta-potential analysis was done to investigate the stability of nanofluids (NFs). To investigate the effect of NFs on oil recovery, 8 concentrations (1600, 1400, 1200, 900, 700, 500, 300, and 100 ppm) of UNTZ nanofluids were prepared. In the current work, to investigate the effectiveness of the combination of SmW (sulfate (SO42−) and calcium (Ca2+)) + NCs, tests such as interfacial tension (IFT), contact angle, and coreflooding were used. The results of contact angle tests showed improved SmWs capabilities in the presence of NCs that a very effective reduction was accessible and highly hydrophilic wettability was obtained when using SmWs with stable NC as a minimum contact angle of 28° was achieved. The findings of the coreflood experiment indicated that at SmW(SmW2sulfate) + 100 ppm NC and SmW(SmW2calcium) + 100 ppm NC concentrations, the NF enhanced the oil recovery by 9.8 and 5.9%, respectively. This research offers new findings that can help oil recovery by understanding smart water technology with nanoparticle (NPs) in reservoirs (carbonate).
Transforming Church Strategies in a Changing Social Landscape: Sunday School Statistics from a Swedish Diocese, 1920–1990
Authors: SIDENVALL ERIK
Published: July 2023

This article offers a reconsideration of religious mobilisation in the inter- and postwar periods. It focuses on how the Church of Sweden gradually altered its catechetical activities aimed at children to meet changing needs. Built on a range of statistical sources, this article calls for a reconsideration of the ways in which larger Protestant denominations adjusted to meet declining religious practices. With a focus on how laypeople became involved in these efforts, it is argued that institutional history, rejuvenated by the introduction of a gender perspective, is essential for our understanding of postwar religious mobilisation in north-western Europe.
Assessment of Threats to Environmental Security and Climate Change
Authors: Podkolzina Irina , Tenishchev Alexander , Gornostaeva Zhanna , Tekeeva Halimat , Tandelova Oksana
Published: July 2023

Climate change is one of the biggest geopolitical challenges facing states and peoples in the 21st century. It can be said without exaggeration that climate change is a multiplier of conflicts associated with the growth of socio-political instability and global stratification of societies, increased migration pressure, more frequent large-scale natural disasters in the form of forest fires and floods, causing serious social consequences, etc. global warming is still not entirely clear even to specialists, but the consequences seem to be very threatening to the very existence of the entire human civilization. Under the influence of global warming, the concepts of carbon neutrality and energy transition have emerged and become widespread.
Green Transformation in the Context of Sustainable Development
Authors: Dzhioeva Oksana , Magomadov Emin
Published: July 2023

The current trends in the development of international relations and the national characteristics of Russia, its competitive advantages, as well as the challenges it faces internally and externally, require the development and implementation of a new domestic and foreign policy in the field of nature protection, its transformation into one from national and foreign policy priorities. Preservation and conservation of nature should become an important component of the Russian national idea, its mission for itself and for the world, an important element of Russian international identity, and international cooperation in nature protection should become an important positive contribution of Russia to the development of the world, a component of its international attractiveness and authority.
Development of new colloid osmotic pressure measurement method using ultrafiltration membrane during cardiopulmonary bypass
Authors: Matsumoto Takeshi , Yoshida Kiyoshi , Shinohara Tomotaka , Miyoshi Eiji , Ueno Takayoshi
Published: July 2023

Background: Clinical practice of measuring colloid osmotic pressure (COP) was abandoned after correcting hypoosmolarity did not improve overall patient outcomes. However, the use of albumin and colloidal solutions has contributed to maintaining intraoperative and postoperative fluid balance at lower levels. Reduced perioperative fluid balance is consistently reported to have positive effects on clinical outcomes. Priming solutions for cardiopulmonary bypass typically include colloids; however, the optimal type of priming solution has not yet been determined. Stricter COP management may further improve postoperative courses. To achieve this, the widespread adoption of a measurement method suitable for COP monitoring during cardiopulmonary bypass is required. Methods: A test circuit was made which measured COP using an ultrafiltration membrane method based on the changes in hydrostatic pressure that occurs across a semipermeable membrane. We then compared the measurements obtained using this method with colloidal osmometer measurements. Results: COP measurements were obtained for a total of 100 tests (10 times each for 10 test solutions). The evaluation parameters included simultaneous reproducibility, correlation with the colloid osmometer, and measurement time. The results demonstrated high accuracy of the ultrafiltration membrane method, simultaneous reproducibility within 3%, a high positive correlation with the colloid osmometer (correlation coefficient: R2 = 0.99; p < 0.01), and equal time required for measurement. Conclusion: Measuring COP using ultrafiltration membranes solves problems within existing measurement methods. Although further improvements in the method are necessary, it has implications for future research and clinical applications.
Detecting diseases in breath with biophotonics
Authors: Shapiro Maura
Published: July 2023

Volatile organic compounds found in breath, blood, and sweat could be used for non-invasive diagnostic testing.
Trends in Blood Lead Levels Quantified by ICP-MS: A Reference Laboratory Retrospective Study
Authors: Okoye Nkemakonam C , Zuromski Lauren M , Johnson-Davis Kamisha L
Published: July 2023

Background

Exposure to lead may cause severe adverse effects such as anemia, neurologic damage, developmental disorders, and reproductive disorders. Consequently, in 2021, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) reduced its blood lead reference value from 5 µg/dL to 3.5 µg/dL in pediatric patients, 1 to 5 years old. The objective of this study was to perform a retrospective analysis of patient blood lead concentrations reported by ARUP Laboratories to evaluate the frequency of blood lead concentrations greater than 3.5 µg/dL.

Methods

The analysis of blood lead concentration was performed in venous whole blood specimens using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). In addition, retrospective data analysis was performed to evaluate zinc protoporphyrin (ZPP) concentrations in adult patients with corresponding lead results, using the lead industrial exposure panel. The analysis for ZPP was performed using quantitative hematofluorometry.

Results

Retrospective data analysis identified a decline in blood lead concentrations from 2012 to 2021 for pediatric and adult patients. The calculated nonparametric 95% range for ZPP blood was 15 to 43 μg/dL and the ZPP heme ratio 26 to 74 μmol ZPP/mol heme.

Conclusions

Lowering the blood lead reference value (BLRV) to 3.5 μg/dL presents an opportunity for healthcare providers and public health agencies to extend medical or environmental interventions for lead exposure in pediatric patients.
The association and prognostic value of systemic inflammatory response index with short and long-term mortality in patients with sepsis
Authors: Ru Shuyan , Luo Yajun
Published: July 2023

This study evaluated the association and prognostic significance of the systemic inflammation response index (SIRI) with mortality in sepsis. In this cohort study, the sepsis patients were retrieved from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care III (MIMIC-III) and MIMIC-IV intensive care unit (ICU) databases. SIRI was calculated by using the neutrophil, monocyte, and lymphocyte counts. The outcomes were 28-day mortality, 1-year mortality, and 28 days to 1-year mortality. The Cox proportional hazards model with a hazard ratio (HR) and a 95% confidence interval (CI) was used to investigate the association and prognostic value of SIRI with mortality in sepsis. Subgroup analyses of the associations of SIRI with 28-day and 1-year mortality in sepsis were based on age, gender, Simplified Acute Physiology Score II (SAPSII), Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA), and presence or absence of septic shock. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to compare the predictive performances of SIRI, SOFA and SAPS II for mortality in sepsis. Of the 4239 patients included, 1339 patients suffered from 28-day mortality, 2085 patients suffering from 1-year mortality, and 746 (25.72%) suffered from 28 days to 1-year mortality. High SIRI levels exhibited higher risks of 28-day mortality (HR: 1.15, 95% CI: 1.03–1.29, P = .010), 1-year mortality (HR: 1.14, 95% CI: 1.04–1.24, P = .003), and 28 days to 1-year mortality (HR: 1.16, 95% CI: 1.01–1.35, P = .047) in sepsis. A higher SIRI was reported related to 28-day mortality and 1-year mortality in sepsis patients with female gender, with SOFA < 8, with SAPS II < 44, and in sepsis patients without sepsis shock. The AUC of SIRS, SOFA, and SAPS II in predicting 28-day mortality in sepsis were 0.726, 0.591, and 0.644, respectively. The AUC of SIRI in predicting 1-year mortality in sepsis was 0.761, higher than the AUC values of SOFA and SAPS II. A higher AUC value of SIRI compared with SOFA, and SAPS II in predicting 28 days to 1-year mortality was observed. Elevated SIRI was associated with an increased risk of mortality in sepsis. SIRI is an independent prognostic biomarker of mortality in sepsis.
Individuals lack the capacity to accurately detect emotional piloerection
Authors: McPhetres Jonathon , Han Ailin , Gao Halo H. , Kemp Nicole , Khati Bhakti , Pu Cathy X. , Smith Abbie , Shui Xinyu
Published: July 2023

Piloerection (e.g., goosebumps) is an essential thermoregulatory and social signalling mechanism in non-human animals. While humans also experience piloerection—often being perceived as an indicator of profound emotional experiences—its comparatively less effective role in thermoregulation and communication might influence our capacity to monitor its occurrence. We present three studies (total N = 617) demonstrating participants’ general inability to detect their own piloerection events and their lack of awareness that piloerection occurs with a similar frequency on multiple anatomical locations. Participants over-reported piloerection events with only 31.8% coinciding with observable piloerection, a bias unrelated to piloerection intensity, anatomical location, heart rate variability, or interoceptive awareness. We also discovered a self-report bias for the forearm, contradicting the observation that piloerection occurs with equal frequency on multiple anatomical locations. Finally, there was low correspondence between self-reports of being “emotionally moved” and observed piloerection. These counterintuitive findings not only highlight a disconnect between an obvious physiological response and our capacity for self-monitoring, but they underscore a fascinating divergence between human and non-human species. While piloerection is vital in non-human organisms, the connection between piloerection and psychological experience in humans may be less significant than previously assumed, possibly due to its diminished evolutionary relevance.

Statement of Impact

This research reveals a striking dissociation between an obvious physiological response— piloerection—and human capacity for self-perception. While this highlights the limitations of relying on self-report measures, it also underscores an important divergence between humans and non-human species. We propose that the relation between piloerection and psychological experience in humans is less pronounced than in other species, potentially due to its diminished role in human evolution.
Leading the improvement of underperforming schools: reviewing the contemporary evidence
Authors: Harris Alma , Ismail Nashwa , Jones Michelle
Published: July 2023

Purpose

The purpose of this article is to outline how far the empirical evidence supports the centrality of leadership in the process of improving underperforming schools.

Design/methodology/approach

This article draws on evidence from a contemporary, selected, review of the literature.

Findings

The findings show that leadership is the critical factor in the improvement of underperforming schools. Seven new themes, derived from the selected evidence, are presented that illuminate how leaders secure improvement in the most challenging of school contexts.

Research limitations/implications

This review is not a systematic review of the evidence and does not claim to be. It provides a commentary based on selected contemporary evidence and therefore is not comprehensive account of all the relevant evidence pertaining to leading the improvement of underperforming schools. The evidence is derived from sources written in English; therefore, it is fully acknowledged that other sources, in other languages might exist but are not included or reflected.

Practical implications

The practical implications are clearly laid out in the form of seven key themes about leading the improvement of underperforming schools that are of direct practical use.

Originality/value

With so many schools in high poverty areas finding themselves in difficulty, this contemporary review provides new insights about the leadership approaches and practices that continue to make a considerable difference to underperforming schools.
The missing link: the capacity development for academic librarians to sustain citizen science at university libraries
Authors: Rammutloa Modiehi Winnie
Published: July 2023

Purpose

This paper reports on research into the skills and services required to ensure the sustainability of citizen science as a service in university libraries.

Design/methodology/approach

A quantitative research design was adopted to collect data from academic librarians. A questionnaire was administered, and data were analysed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS).

Findings

More than 90% of responses indicated that to support citizen science activities, it is important for academic librarians to acquire information literacy, data literacy and an understanding of open science. The study found that citizen science activities require a dedicated team and continuous capacity development of team members. Findings also indicated that though academic librarians do not have knowledge of citizen science, they are willing to embrace and embed it in their services and products. Capacity shortage was listed as a challenge for academic librarians to promote and support citizen science activities.

Originality/value

This study is unique as it reports on the possible involvement of academic librarians in the field of citizen science. The link between academic librarians and the field of citizen science which is predominant in the natural sciences has a positive contribution to the body of scholarship as it promotes interdisciplinarity.
Outcomes of patients with indolent lymphoma treated with bendamustine plus rituximab compared to rituximab plus CVP or CHOP chemoimmunotherapy in Ontario
Authors: Suleman Adam , Aktar Suriya J. , Ante Zharmaine , Liu Ning , Chan Kelvin K. W. , Cheung Matthew C. , Prica Anca
Published: July 2023

Bendamustine (B) with rituximab (R) has become the preferred regimen for patients with indolent lymphoma in Ontario, Canada, compared to R with cyclophosphamide, vincristine, prednisone (CVP) or cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine and prednisone (CHOP). We conducted a propensity‐matched retrospective cohort population‐based study of patients treated with R‐CVP/CHOP from 2005 to 2012 and patients treated with BR from 2013 to 2018. The primary outcome was 5‐year overall survival (OS), and secondary outcomes included toxicities and healthcare utilization. The 5‐year OS for patients treated with BR (n = 2023) and R‐CVP/CHOP (n = 2023) was 80% and 75% respectively. Treatment with BR was associated with improved OS (HR 0.79, 95% CI 0.69–0.91). During the first 9 months, patients treated with BR versus R‐CVP/CHOP had a higher number of admissions for infection (22% compared to 17%, p < 0.01) and a higher number of mean ED visits (mean 1.01 ± 1.68 visits vs. 0.85 ± 1.51 visits, p < 0.01). This trend persisted for 3 years. The adjusted 5‐year OS for patients 75 years and older did not differ based on treatment regimen (55.5% for BR vs. 55.4% for R‐CVP/CHOP). Our study supports the use of BR for patients with indolent lymphoma requiring treatment but suggests increased risk of certain toxicities warranting careful patient selection.
Decadienal afforestation and risks to montane grassland amphibians in the Udzungwa Plateau, Tanzania
Authors: Lawson Lucinda P. , Loader Simon P. , Lyakurwa John V. , Menegon Michele , Liedtke H. Christoph
Published: July 2023

Human modification of the environment has drastically changed ecosystems around the globe. While forest‐loss (deforestation) has been well studied for its effects on ecosystems, afforestation also has major impacts. The Udzungwa Plateau in Tanzania is naturally a mix of forests and grasslands. However, non‐native pine plantations have recently increased in the area displacing the native grasslands of the montane plateau. In this study, we explored the effects of land use change on amphibian communities by comparing amphibian surveys before non‐native plantations were introduced (~2000) and after (2017–2019). To put these amphibian surveys into wider context across the plateau and to distinguish local population loss compared to plateau‐wide extinctions, we sample diversity at new sampling locations and locations with multiple surveys through time. We then assessed landscape change through remotely sensed data and ground surveys. Amphibian encounter surveys found approximately the same species diversity across all sampling locations, but local extinctions appear likely. Remaining amphibians appear to be limited to small refugia in non‐pine wetlands. Approximately half (45%) of the species found have limited distributional ranges (<72,000 km2) and are described as habitat specialists by the IUCN Red List. Monitoring pine plantation growth using remote sensing techniques suggested only limited extensions of plantations between 2000 through to 2013–2016, but ground surveys found small pines (<3 years old) throughout almost all areas identified as grasslands on satellite imagery. Our study highlights the plight of this narrowing biome on the African continent and calls for more research on the impact of non‐native plantations on natural communities.

Abstract in Swahili is available with online material.
New score models for assessing disease activity in Crohn's disease based on bowel ultrasound and biomarkers: Ideal surrogates for endoscopy or imaging
Authors: Zhou Qingyang , Zhu Qingli , Liu Wei , Li Wenbo , Ma Li , Xiao Mengsu , Liu Jingjuan , Yang Hong , Qian Jiaming
Published: July 2023

Disease activity evaluation is important in Crohn's disease (CD). We aimed to establish new disease activity indices for CD based on noninvasive parameters. The data of 110 patients with CD were retrospectively analyzed. Parameters from bowel ultrasound and biomarkers were measured to select the variables included in the models by univariate analysis. Logistic regression analysis was performed to predict mucosal and transmural activities defined by ileocolonoscopy or computed tomography enterography, respectively. The models' performance was measured by the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC). Leave‐one‐out cross validation (LOOCV) was applied to adjust for overconfidence in the newly established score models. To predict mucosal activity, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and (LimG × BWT)‐SUM (the sum of the product of Limberg grade [LimG] and bowel wall thickness [BWT] of each bowel segment) were selected for model A, and the equation was A = 2 × ESR + 9.3 × (LimG × BWT)‐SUM. The AUC of ROC, sensitivity, and specificity were 0.927%, 89.8%, and 86.4%, respectively. The AUC of the ROC curve verified by LOOCV was 0.913. To predict transmural activity, albumin (ALB) and LimG‐SUM (the sum of the LimG of all the bowel segments) were selected for model B, which was established as B = −1.3 × ALB +1.7 × LimG‐SUM. The AUC of ROC, sensitivity, and specificity were 0.851%, 78.0%, and 84.2%, respectively. The AUC of the ROC curve verified by LOOCV was 0.833. Nomograms were developed for two score models. New score models based on noninvasive parameters established in this study showed good abilities in detecting active disease and performed well in the validation phase.
Epiploic appendagitis: a commonly undiagnosed non‐surgical acute abdominal emergency
Authors: Ekladious Adel , Bhandari Ritesh
Published: July 2023

Epiploic appendagitis is a rare cause of acute abdomen and is diagnostically challenging as it mimics common causes of acute abdomen. However, advancements in computerised tomography/Ultrasound imaging have improved the frequency and confidence of diagnosing epiploic appendagitis, preventing unnecessary surgeries. We present a case of an acute abdomen who had to undergo laparoscopy before being diagnosed with epiploic appendagitis, underscoring the difficulty in diagnosis.
From Protesting Against Troika Bailouts to Pro‐EU Governing in Greece and Portugal: Europeanisation and Institutionalisation Processes
Authors: Accornero Guya , Kousis Maria
Published: July 2023

Following bailouts by the Troika (EC, ECB and IMF) due to the 2008 global financial crisis, between 2010 and 2013, new anti‐austerity movements, left‐wing parties and trade unions led large mobilisations against austerity policies in Greece and Portugal, with a deep impact in the political landscape of both countries. Besides the relevance of transnational decisions, these mobilisations mostly addressed national political institutions, whereas the governments that emerged from the protest period showed a clear pro‐European stance. Against this background, using two case studies with primary data on anti‐austerity protests and interactions amongst contentious and institutional actors, this article aims to shed light on a relatively unexplored aspect of Europeanisation in the context of the crisis, focusing on the relation between social movements and institutional politics. Explaining the critical pro‐EU positions that have been adopted in Greece and Portugal, it thereby contributes to the related debates on anti‐austerity social movements and their impact in times of crisis.
Quantization of Nambu brackets from operator formalism in classical mechanics
Authors: Katagiri So
Published: July 2023

This paper proposes a novel approach to quantizing Nambu brackets in classical mechanics using operator formalism. The approach employs the “Planck derivative” to represent Nambu brackets, from which we derive a commutation relation for their quantization. Notably, this commutation relation aligns with that emerging from the T-duality of closed strings in a twisted torus with a B-field, thereby hinting at a potential connection with double field theory.
A lower bound on the average genus of a 2-bridge knot
Authors: Cohen Moshe
Published: July 2023

Experimental data from Dunfield et al. using random grid diagrams suggest that the genus of a knot grows linearly with respect to the crossing number. Using billiard table diagrams of Chebyshev knots developed by Koseleff and Pecker and a random model of 2-bridge knots via these diagrams developed by the author with Krishnan and then with Even-Zohar and Krishnan, we introduce a further-truncated model of all 2-bridge knots of a given crossing number, almost all counted twice. We present a convenient way to count Seifert circles in this model and use this to compute a lower bound for the average Seifert genus of a 2-bridge knot of a given crossing number.
Nonequilibrium Study of the J1−J2 Ising Model with Random J2 Couplings in the Square Lattice
Authors: Salmon Octavio D. Rodriguez , Neto Minos A. , Lobo Thiago , Neto Francisco Dinóla
Published: July 2023

We studied the phase transitions of the [Formula: see text] spin-1/2 Ising model in the square lattice by considering [Formula: see text] fixed and [Formula: see text] as random interactions following discrete and continuous probability distribution functions. The configuration of [Formula: see text] in the lattice evolves in time through a competing kinetics using the Metropolis algorithm leading to a steady state without reaching the free-energy minimum. So, different phase diagrams were obtained according to the distribution of [Formula: see text]. For fixed and random values of [Formula: see text], we noted that the amplitude of the correlation length is different from the Ising value at the critical point of the superantiferromagnetic–paramagnetic frontier.
A Scoping Review of Current Methods and Limitations for Modeling and Evaluating Ligamentous Structures
Authors: Walck Christine D. , Fleming Braden C. , Taylor Aspen E. , Mangada Pablo Vilches , Dioguardi Anthony T.
Published: July 2023

Recently, scientists have utilized a range of techniques in the attempt to model ligamentous structures, which play a vital role in the functioning of the human body. Therefore, our objective is to conduct a systematic scoping review that evaluates the scope of 163 journals pertaining to computational modeling of ligaments, while also assessing the limitations associated with each method. These limitations encompass various aspects, including anatomical considerations, subject specificity, viscoelasticity, mechanical properties, model-specific factors, and limitations related to medical imaging. The guiding question for this review is: What are the existing limitations in the surveyed literature regarding ligament modeling and methods, specifically with regard to time variance and environmental hazards? A search of PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science (WoS), and ScienceDirect was conducted following the scoping review methodology recommended by the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) for evidence-based healthcare. After applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 74 full-text articles were analyzed, revealing that each method possesses its own set of limitations and may not comprehensively encompass all aspects of ligament properties. Nevertheless, despite these limitations, the majority of these methods exhibit the ability to produce reliable outcomes.
Contraversive Ocular Tilt Reaction with Contralesional Pseudo-Abducens Palsy in a Patient with Thalamomesencephalic Stroke
Authors: Dabbagh Mohamad Fateh , Okar Lina , Deleu Dirk , Mesraoua Boulenouar
Published: July 2023

We report a patient presenting with unique neuroophthalmological features of contraversive ocular tilt reaction and concomitant contralesional pseudo-abducens palsy. Magnetic resonance imaging confirmed the presence of an acute infarct in the right thalamomesencephalic region. We discuss the clinical topography of these unique neuroophthalmological findings.
GABA and Glutamate in hMT+ Link to Individual Differences in Residual Visual Function After Occipital Stroke
Authors: Willis Hanna E. , Ip I. Betina , Watt Archie , Campbell Jon , Jbabdi Saad , Clarke William T. , Cavanaugh Matthew R. , Huxlin Krystel R. , Watkins Kate E. , Tamietto Marco , Bridge Holly
Published: July 2023

BACKGROUND:

Damage to the primary visual cortex following an occipital stroke causes loss of conscious vision in the contralateral hemifield. Yet, some patients retain the ability to detect moving visual stimuli within their blind field. The present study asked whether such individual differences in blind field perception following loss of primary visual cortex could be explained by the concentration of neurotransmitters γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and glutamate or activity of the visual motion processing, human middle temporal complex (hMT+).

METHODS:

We used magnetic resonance imaging in 19 patients with chronic occipital stroke to measure the concentration of neurotransmitters GABA and glutamate (proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy) and functional activity in hMT+ (functional magnetic resonance imaging). We also tested each participant on a 2-interval forced choice detection task using high-contrast, moving Gabor patches. We then measured and assessed the strength of relationships between participants’ residual vision in their blind field and in vivo neurotransmitter concentrations, as well as visually evoked functional magnetic resonance imaging activity in their hMT+. Levels of GABA and glutamate were also measured in a sensorimotor region, which served as a control.

RESULTS:

Magnetic resonance spectroscopy-derived GABA and glutamate concentrations in hMT+ (but not sensorimotor cortex) strongly predicted blind-field visual detection abilities. Performance was inversely related to levels of both inhibitory and excitatory neurotransmitters in hMT+ but, surprisingly, did not correlate with visually evoked blood oxygenation level–dependent signal change in this motion-sensitive region.

CONCLUSIONS:

Levels of GABA and glutamate in hMT+ appear to provide superior information about motion detection capabilities inside perimetrically defined blind fields compared to blood oxygenation level–dependent signal changes—in essence, serving as biomarkers for the quality of residual visual processing in the blind-field. Whether they also reflect a potential for successful rehabilitation of visual function remains to be determined.
Impact of Student Pharmacist–Led Transition-of-Care Services on 30-Day Hospital Readmissions at a University Call Center
Authors: Pham Huy , Gangoo-Dookhan Tricia , Hale Genevieve , Perez Alexandra , Joseph Tina
Published: July 2023

Background: Transition of care (TOC) refers to the movement of patients between different health care settings due to changes in medical conditions and needs. Pharmacists can play an important role in TOC services as polypharmacy is a common reason for hospital readmission that costs the US taxpayers an average of $17 billion annually. Objective: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the impact of TOC telehealth services provided by pharmacy students at a university-based call center on 30-day hospital readmission. Methods: In this retrospective observational study, an electronic chart review was conducted for patients who were discharged from the hospital and received a telephone call from pharmacy students. Patients were referred to the pharmacy team from a primary care provider office. The co-primary endpoints were the number of 30-day all-cause hospital readmissions (including emergency department visits) and 30-day readmission due to initial admission diagnosis in patients who received a telephonic TOC call from a pharmacy student compared with patients who declined or were unable to be reached. Types of pharmacy-related TOC interventions provided by students were also collected. Results: A total of 84 patients were included in this study. All-cause 30-day readmission was similar between groups (13% vs 15.8%), whereas 30-day readmission due to initial admission diagnosis was much lower in the intervention group (5.9% vs 11.1%). Although a positive trend was observed in favor of the intervention group, a statistically significant difference was not observed for both 30-day all-cause readmission and 30-day readmission due to initial admission diagnosis. Medication reconciliation, adherence counseling, and lifestyle education (diet, exercise) are the most common topics discussed with the patients during TOC interventions. Conclusion: Using student pharmacists to provide postdischarge TOC calls can be a benefit to the patient and the health care team while offering pharmacy students valuable learning experience prior to graduation.
Physical and mental functioning trajectory classes among older adults and their association with specialized healthcare use
Authors: Ikonen Jenni N. , Törmäkangas Timo , von Bonsdorff Mikaela B. , Mikkola Tuija M. , Eriksson Johan G. , Haapanen Markus J.
Published: July 2023

Background

Sex-specific physical and mental functioning trajectory classification could offer a way of understanding the differences in healthcare use at older age.

Methods

Using latent growth mixture models, sex-specific physical and mental functioning trajectory classes were formed for 1991 participants (mean age 61.5 years) of the Helsinki Birth Cohort Study. Physical and mental functioning were evaluated with the SF-36 survey conducted in clinical examinations in 2001–2004, 2011–2013, and 2017–2018. First and follow-up outpatient visits, emergency visits, and hospital days were extracted from a national register between the first clinical examination and the year 2017. We used regression models to examine the associations between healthcare use and trajectory classes.

Results

Two physical and mental functioning trajectory classes, high and intermediate, were observed for both sexes. The intermediate physical functioning trajectory class was associated with higher utilization rates of all examined specialized healthcare services (fully-adjusted IRRs varying 1.36–1.58; 95% CI = 1.03–1.79, 95% CI = 1.21–2.05) compared to the high trajectory class. Relative to the high trajectory class, the intermediate mental trajectory class was associated with the use of first outpatient visits (fully-adjusted IRRs 1.17, 95% CI = 1.03–1.33 for men, and 1.16, 95% CI = 1.04–1.30 for women). The findings were similar among both sexes.

Conclusions

Compared to the high trajectory class, the intermediate physical functioning trajectory class was associated with greater specialized healthcare use and the intermediate mental trajectory class with first outpatient visits. Public health interventions should be considered to support functioning with aging.
Impact of individual and environmental factors on academic performance of pregnant adolescent
Authors: Otegbayo Bolajoko Elizabeth , Omar Noralina , Danaee Mahmoud , Mohajer Samira , Aghamohamadi Nasrin
Published: July 2023

Background

Teenage pregnancies continue to disrupt teenage girls’ academic development. As a result, teenage mothers are at risk of unemployment, maternal death, and poverty. Previous research, however, has shown that both individual and environmental factors can have a significant impact on the prevalence of adolescent pregnancy. However, there has been little rigorous research on the impact of these factors on pregnant students’ academic performance.

Objectives

The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between environmental (neighbourhood) and individuals (sexual attitudes, peer attachment) factors. It also examined the influence of individual factors on the academic performance of pregnant teens.

Methods

The study included a cross-sectional study of 400 pregnant adolescent students aged 15–19 years. The target groups were drawn from three major cities in Nigeria. Respondents were identified through targeted snowballing. Pregnant participants were a combination of married and unmarried girls attending school from home. Data were collected using a structured and self-completed questionnaire. Thus, frequency, mean and standard deviation were used for descriptive analysis. Pearson correlation analysis was applied to show the relationship between variables.

Results

The study found that neighbourhood (r=-.125, p = .12) had a negative and significant relationship with peer attachment. However, there was no significant evidence of a relationship between sexual attitudes and neighbourhood (r=-.040, p = .422). There was, however, a significant relationship between sexual attitudes and academic performance (r = .236, p = .000). There was also a relationship between peer attachment and academic performance (r=-.401, p = < 0.001).

Conclusion

This study suggests that the academic performance of pregnant teenagers necessitates a combination of approaches, which includes changes in personal and prosocial behaviour, and environmental reforms. This can be achieved through, peer education, school day-care, subsidised or free contraceptives, free or subsidized education, and community programmes that positively influence young adults in the neighbourhood. These approaches can indirectly boost self-efficacy, motivation, and confidence to achieve higher academic feat, while reducing school dropout rate among the target groups.
Research involvement and engagement of adolescent and young adults in a cancer trajectory: a 5-year experience from a patient support facility at a university hospital
Authors: Pappot Helle , Meier Sara Kaa , Hjerming Maiken , Piil Karin , Hanghøj Signe
Published: July 2023

Background

The purpose of this case study is to describe how a vulnerable group of patients can be included in research. The activities, challenges, lessons learned, and reflections on the importance of patient involvement in research for 5 years (2016–2021) at the adolescent and young adult (AYA) cancer support facility, Kræftværket, are reported.

Main body

A patient panel at Kræftværket, the Youth Panel has multiple aims, one of which is the ability to perform patient involvement in research, with the goal of achieving research of high quality. We here describe how Patient and Public involvement (PPI) can be customized to AYAs in a cancer trajectory, who face many challenges, including those in the physical, psychological, and social domains. During 2016–2021, Youth Panel meetings were planned every third month but interrupted during the COVID-19 pandemic. With a flexible structure and a dynamic panel including 10–15 varying AYAs in a cancer trajectory, engagement and involvement have been maintained. Eight research topics were investigated, seven of which were discussed and confirmed to be important by the Youth Panel. Out of eight topics, three were raised by patients, and five by researchers. One was not discussed due to COVID-19. Some of the challenges we have experienced were related to the flexible meeting structure and the differing expectations and priorities as well as the impact of COVID-19. However, we experienced that patient involvement is possible in the field of AYA oncology if a trusting environment is created. A key finding in our case study was, that without a national Danish PPI program and no defined international standard for PPI in AYA cancer research yet, we were able to give patients the possibility to give input to researchers on topics where research is missing.

Conclusion

Here, we demonstrate how patient involvement in research has been performed at an AYA cancer facility, Kræftværket, during a 5-year period. We encourage others to perform patient-involving research, even in challenging populations. Ideally this must follow international standards for PPI in AYA cancer research when such exist to improve research with crucial insight from patients.
Postnatal Myelomeningocele Repair in the United States: Rates and Disparities Before and After the Management of Myelomeningocele Study Trial
Authors: Shao Belinda , Chen Jia-Shu , Kozel Olivia A. , Tang Oliver Y. , Amaral-Nieves Natalie , Sastry Rahul A. , Watson-Smith Debra , Monteagudo Julie , Luks Francois I. , Carr Stephen R. , Klinge Petra M. , Weil Robert J. , Svokos Konstantina A.
Published: July 2023

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:

Evolving technologies have influenced the practice of myelomeningocele repair (MMCr), including mandatory folic acid fortification, advances in prenatal diagnosis, and the 2011 Management of Myelomeningocele Study (MOMS) trial demonstrating benefits of fetal over postnatal MMCr in select individuals. Postnatal MMCr continues to be performed, especially for those with limitations in prenatal diagnosis, health care access, anatomy, or personal preference. A comprehensive, updated national perspective on the trajectory of postnatal MMCr volumes and patient disparities is absent. We characterize national trends in postnatal MMCr rates before and after the MOMS trial publication (2000-2010 vs 2011-2019) and examine whether historical disparities persist.

METHODS:

This retrospective, cross-sectional analysis queried Nationwide Inpatient Sample data for postnatal MMCr admissions. Annual and race/ethnicity-specific rates were calculated using national birth registry data. Time series analysis assessed for trends relative to the year 2011. Patient, admission, and outcome characteristics were compared between pre-MOMS and post-MOMS cohorts.

RESULTS:

Between 2000 and 2019, 12 426 postnatal MMCr operations were estimated nationwide. After 2011, there was a gradual, incremental decline in the annual rate of postnatal MMCr. Post-MOMS admissions were increasingly associated with Medicaid insurance and the lowest income quartiles, as well as increased risk indices, length of stay, and hospital charges. By 2019, race/ethnicity-adjusted rates seemed to converge. The mortality rate remained low in both eras, and there was a lower rate of same-admission shunting post-MOMS.

CONCLUSION:

National rates of postnatal MMCr gradually declined in the post-MOMS era. Medicaid and low-income patients comprise an increasing majority of MMCr patients post-MOMS, whereas historical race/ethnicity-specific disparities are improving. Now more than ever, we must address disparities in the care of MMC patients before and after birth.
Potential of Moringa oleifera and Okra as Coagulants in Sustainable Treatment of Water and Wastewater
Authors: Deswal Surinder , Rawat Sumit , Kumar Suresh , Sangwan Vikramaditya
Published: July 2023

Chemical/synthetic coagulants are widely used to remove suspended solids and organic loads from water, but they pose several environmental and public health issues due to their chronic toxicity. The study evaluated the performance of these natural coagulants individually and in blended combinations with a synthetic coagulant, Alum, in terms of the percentage removal of turbidity, TSS, BOD, and COD after water treatment at optimum dosages. The blended use of all three coagulants in equal proportion showed the best performance (turbidity removal = 91.91%; TSS removal = 51.18%; BOD removal = 41.67%; and COD removal = 55.56%), but increased the pH of treated water from 7.10 to 7.95. The treatment cost analysis showed that Alum had the lowest treatment cost (Rs. 0.78 per 1,000 L); while the blended use of Moringa oleifera and Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) at the optimum dosage of 120 mg/L had the lowest cost (Rs. 31.20 per 1,000 L) among the natural coagulants. Despite higher cost of treatment, the use of natural coagulants in water and wastewater treatment provide sustainable solutions while reducing the negative impact of synthetic coagulants on the environment and public health.