bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
UPAYA MENINGKATKAN PENDIDIKAN MASYARAKAT MELALUI BUDIKDAMBER DENGAN AQUAPONIK DI LAHAN SEMPIT
Authors: Kurniawan Henry , Nursandi Juli , Widyawati Dewi Kania
Published: July 2021

Abstract

The program of applying science and technology to the community (PPIM) was carried out for 9 months, located in the Kampung Bumi Baru Blambangan Umpu Way Kanan, the partners in this program were women of Alhidayah recitation. This program is increasing public knowledge through Budikdamber education with Aquaponics in narrow areas. Budikdamber stands for fish and vegetable cultivation in buckets, namely raising livestock and farming with limited land, budikdamber can be a very appropriate choice in overcoming food problems. The lack of public knowledge about aquaponics culture has resulted in the need to carry out this program. The purpose of this PPIM is to increase the knowledge, capabilities and skills of partners, optimize yard land and business capital used for cultivating fish and plants and increase income and save on partner expenses. The implementation of this PPIM first coordinated with village officials, then continued with education on budikdamber with lecture and discussion methods, accompanied by training on budikdamber which included making, caring for fish, planting kale, and water changing techniques (penyiponan). The output of this activity is: the birth of a group of people who have knowledge of Budikdamber application and the open opportunity of the business. 

Abstrak

Kegiatan program penerapan iptek kepada masyarakat (PPIM) ini dilaksanakan selama 9 bulan, bertempat di kampung Bumi Baru Blambangan Umpu Way Kanan, mitra dalam program ini  adalah ibuibu pengajian Alhidayah. Program ini adalah peningkatan pengetahuan masyarakat melalui pendidikan Budikdamber dengan Aquaponik dilahan sempit. Budikdamber singkatan dari budidaya ikan dan sayuran dalam ember, yaitu berternak dan bertani dengan lahan terbatas, budikdamber dapat menjadi salah satu pilihan yang sangat tepat dalam mengatasi permasalahan pangan. Kurangnya pengetahuan masyarakat tentang budikdamber dengan aquaponik ini mengakibatkan perlunya dilakukan program ini. Tujuan dari PPIM ini adalah meningkatkan pengetahuan, kemampuan dan keterampilan mitra, mengoptimalkan lahan pekarangan dan  modal usaha yang digunakan untuk melakukan budidaya ikan dan tanaman serta  meningkatkan pendapatan dan menghemat pengeluaran mitra. Pelaksanaan PPIM ini terlebih dahulu berkoordinasi dengan perangkat desa, kemudian dilanjutkan penyuluhan budikdamber dengan metode ceramah dan diskusi, disertai pelatihan budikdamber yang meliputi cara pembuatan, perawatan ikan, menanam kangkung, dan teknik pergantian air (penyiponan). Output kegiatan ini adalah: lahirnya kelompok masyarakat yang memiliki pengetahuan dengan mengerti dan paham akan penerapan Budikdamber serta dapat membuka peluang usaha.
MENINGKATKAN KOMPETENSI GURU DALAM PENGELOLAAN KELAS BERBASIS EKOLOGI DI SD AL-IHSAN
Authors: Yufiarti  , Suryaratri Ratna Dyah
Published: July 2021

Abstract

The purpose of community service is to improve teacher competence in managing classes in ecology-based target schools. Various student problems can occur because the teacher is less skilled in managing the class. The first problem is that the teacher does not understand the characteristics of children and how to solve problems so that the class becomes ineffective. The service was carried out for 6 meetings involving teachers around the Insan Elementary School. The training method starts with problem identification using the interview method with both the teacher and the principal. The training is carried out by the head of the foundation and the principal as well as teachers and parents of students. Based on the results of the teacher training evaluation instrument, it can increase knowledge about the characteristics of children and how to approach various children according to their learning mode. The teacher can identify the child's learning modality. Implementing community service activities to increase teacher competence in managing ecological-based classrooms can be carried out properly.

 

Abstrak

Tujuan pengabdian masyarakat adalah untuk meningkatkan kompetensi guru dalam mengelola kelas di sekolah sasar berbasis ekologi. Berbagai permasalah siswa dapat terjadi karena guru kurang terampil mengelola kelas. Permasalahan pertama adalah guru kurang memahami karakteristika anak dan cara mengatasi permasalahan sehingga kelas menjadi tidak efektif. Pengabdian dilakukan selama 6 kali pertemuan dengan melibatkan guru disekitar Sekolah Dasar Insan. Metode pelatihan dimulai dari identifikasi permasalahan menggunakan metode wawancara baik dengan guru maupun kepala sekolah. Pelaksanaan pelatihan terdiri oleh ketua Yayasan dan Kepala Sekolah serta guru dan orang tua siswa. Berdasarkan hasil instrument evaluasi pelatihan guru dapat meningkatkan pengetahuan tentang karakteristik anak dan bagaimana cara mendekati beragam anak sesuai dengana modality belajr mereka. Guru dapat mengidentifikasi modality belajar anak. Pelaksanaak kegiatan pengabdian peningkatan kompetensi guru dalam mengelolan kelas berbasis ekologis dapat dilaksanakan dengan baik.
KONSERVASI TANAMAN KHAS CILIWUNG MELALUI EDUKASI KOMUNAL
Authors: Lindiawati Puspitasari Riris , Pambudi Arief , Elfidasari Dewi
Published: July 2021

Abstract

As an area with unique biodiversity, the area around Ciliwung plays a major role in determining the sustainability of this role. One of the Ciliwung watershed parts of Jakarta, namely in Pejaten Timur Pasar Minggu, there is an area that is very well preserved. Based on the priority problems of the partners, the solutions offered are increasing public knowledge and transfer of science and technology regarding the conservation of typical Ciliwung plants. Increasing knowledge is deemed necessary and important because the community is an active actor in biodiversity. The methods for implementing the Ciliwung special plant conservation education are socialization, training and education, introduction of science and technology, mentoring, and monitoring. The partners involved are the Ciliwung Care Community (KPC) Gema Bersuci and people around KPC. The result of the activity is an increase in partners insights regarding the importance of conservation, recording and labeling of plants at partner locations, and planting of seedlings on the border. The conclusion of the activity is that there are around 100 types of plants that grow in partner locations, planting Moringa seeds along the border of the partner's area, labeling 100 types of plants, and the community plays an active role in conservation of Ciliwung's typical plants.

 

Abstrak

Sebagai wilayah dengan keanekaragaman hayati yang khas, wilayah sekitar Ciliwung berperan besar dalam menentukan sustainabilitas peranan tersebut. Salah satu DAS Ciliwung bagian Jakarta, yaitu tepatnya di Pejaten Timur Pasar Minggu terdapat wilayah yang sangat dijaga kelestariannya. Berdasarkan permasalahan prioritas pada mitra maka solusi yang ditawarkan yaitu peningkatan pengetahuan masyarakat dan transfer iptek mengenai konservasi tanaman khas Ciliwung. Peningkatan pengetahuan dianggap perlu dan penting karena masyarakat merupakan pelaku aktif kelestarian hayati. Metode pelaksanaan edukasi konservasi tanaman khas Ciliwung yaitu sosialisasi, pelatihan dan edukasi, introduksi iptek, pendampingan, dan monitoring. Mitra yang terlibat adalah Komunitas Peduli Ciliwung (KPC) Gema Bersuci dan masyarakat. Hasil kegiatan adalah adanya peningkatan wawasan mitra mengenai pentingnya konservasi, tercatat dan terlabelnya tanaman di lokasi mitra, serta penanaman bibit di sempadan. Kesimpulan kegiatan adalah terdapat sekitar 100 jenis tanaman yang tumbuh di lokasi mitra, penanaman bibit kelor di sepanjang sempadan wilayah mitra, pelabelan terhadap 100 jenis tanaman, dan masyarakat berperan aktif dalam kegiatan konservasi tanaman khas Ciliwung.
PENGOLAHAN LIMBAH SAYUR DESA NGADIREJO (TENGGER) SEBAGAI PUPUK ORGANIK CAIR GUNA MENUJU DESA MANDIRI KREATIF
Authors: Dwi Jayanti Wiwin , Rifa’i Muhammad Dwi , Utomo Yudhi
Published: July 2021

Abstrak

Ngadirejo adalah desa kawasan Tengger yang merupakan desa penghasil sayur wortel, kentang, kubis, sawi, dan bawang dengan jumlah masing-masing mencapai ±20 ton setiap masa panen. Dalam masa panen, 5-20% dari total panen adalah limbah sayur yang disebabkan oleh cacat pada sayur, dan sisa dari sortiran yang tidak bisa dikonsumsi oleh masyarakat. Rendahnya pengetahuan masyarakat terhadap pengolahan limbah organik menyebabkan limbah sayur menjadi penyumbang sampah terbesar di kawasan Tengger. Tujuan program pengabdian ini adalah mengurangi populasi sampah organik Desa Ngadirejo  dengan cara mengolah limbah sayur sebagai pupuk organik cair (POC). Program ini dilakukan dalam bentuk sosialisasi, pelatihan, praktek pengolahan limbah sayur sebagai POC terhadap gabungan kelompok tani (GAPOKTAN), analisis kandungan unsur pada POC dalam lingkup laboratorium, serta pendampingan aplikasi POC sebagai pengganti pupuk kimia (PK) dalam penanaman sayur. Hasil program ini terbukti dapat menurunkan jumlah sampah sayur secara drastis, meningkatkan pengguna POC dan secara kualitatif produk POC memiliki unsur hara lebih banyak dari PK.

Abstract

Ngadirejo is a village in the Tengger area that produces ± 20 tons each of carrots, potatoes, cabbage, mustard greens, and shallots. During the harvest period, 5-20% of the total harvest is vegetable waste caused by defects in the vegetables, and the rest of the sort can no longer be consumed. The low level of public knowledge about organic waste processing has made vegetable waste the biggest contributor to waste in Tengger. This program aims to reduce the organic waste population in Ngadirejo by processing vegetable waste as liquid organic fertilizer (LOF). This program is carried out in form of socialization, training, and practice of processing vegetable waste as LOF to farmer, elemental analysis within the scope of the laboratory, and monitoring the application of LOF as a substitute for chemical fertilizers (CF) on vegetable cultivation. The results of this program have been shown to drastically reduce the amount of vegetable waste, increase LOF users, and qualitatively LOF products have more nutrients than CF.
Commodification via the New Media: Content, Audience, and Labour in GoJek’s GoFood service
Authors: Adi Kun Muhammad , Sujoko Anang , Antoni Antoni
Published: July 2021

The existence of new media makes humans have control over the media they consume only through a smartphone on their hands. GoJek contributes new dynamics because the use of new media in the form of an application has changed most of the life patterns of media behavior. In the context of new media, media behavior is inseparable from the concept of political economy communication. This research uses a qualitative approach by extracting information from users, merchants, and drivers on GoFood service features taken by purposive sampling. The collected data from the result of observations, interviews, and documentation will be associated and analyzed using the political economy communication concept of Vincent Mosco, especially the commodification. Researchers found that the aspects of the commodification of content, commodification of audience, and commodification of labor of GoFood service features resulted in changes in society in adapting internet technology which also affected the welfare of the Indonesian economy.Keywords: GoFood, commodification, political economy of communication, and new media
Clinical Characteristics of Children with HIV Initiated on Antiretroviral Treatment at HIV Clinics in Bloemfontein, South Africa
Authors: Walubo Andrew , Baleni Refuoe , Mukudu Hillary , Kambafwile Henry , Dhedha Mukesh , Thengwa Thanduxolo , Jiane Tshepang
Published: July 2021

Background and Objective: Over the past 15 years, there have been three major updates to the South African national guidelines for the management of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in children. The purpose of this study is to describe the clinical characteristics of children who were initiated on antiretroviral therapy (ART) in Bloemfontein, South Africa, following these national treatment guidelines.
Methods: Clinical information during initiation of ART in children aged 0-13 years was obtained from five HIV clinics in Bloemfontein from 2004 to 2019 as part of the establishment of an antiretroviral (ARV) pediatric registry at the University of the Free State. Data were analyzed for patient demographics, clinical presentation (World Health Organization (WHO) HIV-staging, growth rate and comorbid conditions), types of investigations done, and medicines prescribed.
Results: The number of children initiated on ART increased from 168 in the period 2004-2009 to 349 (107.8%) in 2010-2014, and then dropped to 162 in the period 2015-2019. The increase in 2010-2014 was mainly in the <2 years age group by 54.8%, and in the 5 to 10 years age group by 344.4%. In the same period, the number of children with severe illness (WHO HIV-stage 4) decreased by 20.7%, while those with mild to moderate illness (WHO HIV-stage 2 and 3) increased by 17.3%. HIV infection was more severe in children under two years as more patients in this age group presented with WHO HIV-stages 3 and 4, severe underweight (below 3rd percentile), severely suppressed CD4 count (< 25%), and a high viral load (> 1000 copies/ml). There was increased use of ABC/3TC/LPVr in the < 3-year age group and ABC/3TC/EFV in the > 3-year age group. There was reduced use of the stavudine and other regimens.
Conclusion and Global Health Implications: More children were started on ART and safer ARV drugs. Children under 2 years were the most debilitated by HIV, and there was an increase in HIV prevalence among children > 5 years. New strategies for the prevention and management of HIV among children in these two age groups are needed.
 
Copyright © 2021 Walubo et al. Published by Global Health and Education Projects, Inc. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0) which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work, first published in this journal, is properly cited.
Cost sensitivity of international students in the largest hungarian university cities
Authors: Károly Teperics , M. Császár Zsuzsa , Csüllög Gábor , Czimre Klara
Published: July 2021

Statistics on international students distinguish between diploma mobility (full-time students abroad) and credit mobility (part-time courses, student exchanges such as Erasmus+, etc.). In terms of economic benefits, their common feature is mostly realised in the spendings by the foreign students in the host country. The comparison of the host cities reveals that Budapest should be considered as a separate category being different from the other cities in many respects. Although, the assessment of the other three university centres (Pécs, Debrecen and Szeged) received similar evaluations (close average values) but some kind of order developed between them in which Szeged and Pécs are perhaps regarded in a little bit more favourable position than Debrecen. There is a lot to be improved to broaden the studentification process in these cities particularly in four fields. The evaluations can certainly be considered useful in the sense that they help to identify those services which are problematic in any terms (price or quality).
АНАЛИЗ РИСКОВ И ПРАКТИКА ОСУЩЕСТВЛЕНИЯ ВНЕШНЕЭКОНОМИЧЕСКОЙ ДЕЯТЕЛЬНОСТИ РОССИЙСКИМИ КОМПАНИЯМИ
Authors: ТЕРЕШЕНКОВА А.
Published: July 2021

В статье рассмотрены вопросы классификации рисков осуществления внешнеэкономической деятельности российскими компаниями при осуществлении импортных и экспортных операций.
The Physical and Chemical Properties of Hemp Fiber Prepared by Alkaline Pectinase-Xylanase System
Authors: Zhao Shuyuan , Qin Zhihui , Zhang Ruiyun , Li Naiqiang , Liu Liu , Yu Jianyong , Xing Miaolei , Qu Yongshuai
Published: July 2021

Degumming is the vital and critical step in the preparation of hemp fiber for textile application. However, the traditional chemical degumming processes use large amounts of harmful chemicals, especially strong alkalis, which have caused severe challenges to the environment. The reaction conditions of alkaline pectinase and alkaline pectinase were studied in this research, and the alkaline pectinase-xylanase system was successfully applied to the degumming of hemp fibers at mild conditions (T=55 ℃ and pH=8.0) without strong alkali. A comparative analysis of hemp fibers treated under different conditions showed that the gum removal ratio could reach about 50% within 5.5 h of alkaline pectin-xylanase system degumming, making fiber smoother and stronger. After alkaline pectin-xylanase system treatment (0.6 g pectinase, 0.3 g xylanase, 55 ℃, pH 8.0, 5.5 h), the removal ratio of pectin and hemicellulose reached 75 % and 40 %, respectively. And linear density and tenacity of the fiber was 17.4 dtex and 5.62 cN/dtex, respectively. SEM, FT-IR and XRD analysis furthermore demonstrated the excellent effects of the proposed process. The degumming fiber had better water retention performance (513 %) and moisture sorption (8.9 %), which has more excellent application prospects in the textile industry. Moreover, the method abandons the use of acid and alkali and can provide an eco-friendly degumming process for hemp fiber.
Study on rapid screening technology of antisense oligonucleotides for SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Shen Huawei
Published: July 2021

According to the structural characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid,SARS-CoV-2 genomes were virtually segmented.After comparing with human genome,44707 SARS-CoV-2 genomes and 26 primates' genomes, 19 antisense oligonucleotides sequences were selected.Experimental results show that the combined inhibitory effect reaches 100% . Significance statement：Currently, effective methods of controlling the spread of SARS-CoV-2 are very limited, only physical isolation and vaccination.Although physical isolation can achieve some short-term results, but can not fundamentally solve the problem of epidemic spread.The time between the development of a vaccine and its actual use is very long.It often happens that the vaccine is developed successfully, but the epidemic situation is beyond control.If a mutant strain emerges, it will take longer.I hope that the rapid screening technology of SARS-CoV-2 antisense oligonucleotides will light up new hope for the future of mankind and contribute oriental wisdom to the world.
The Doll Therapy as a First Line Treatment for Behavioral and Psychologic Symptoms of Dementia in Nursing Homes Residents: A Randomized, Controlled Study
Authors: Santagata Francesca , Massaia Massimiliano , D'amelio Patrizia
Published: July 2021

Background. Patients affected by dementia are severely affected by the development of behavioral and psychologic symptoms (BPSD) which represent a burden for patients and caregivers. The use of psychotropic drugs in the control of BPSD is widely diffused, however the use of a first line non-pharmacologic approach is highly recommended. Here we evaluate the effect of doll therapy (DT) in the management of BPSD, on the reduction of caregiver burden and delirium incidence in nursing home residents by a randomized controlled trial.Methods. We enrolled fifty-two nursing homes residents living with dementia and BPSD. Subjects were randomized to DT (26) or standard treatment (ST, 26), we measured BPSD, caregiver burden and delirium with standard clinical scales at baseline, after 45 and 90 days. In order to evaluate the presence of BPSD we used Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI) scale and the A.Di.CO scale, the caregiver burden was measured by the Greutzner scale and delirium by the Confusion Assessment Method (CAM) scale.Results. DT was more effective in reducing agitation and aggressiveness as respect to ST. Moreover DT globally reduced the presence of BPSD as dysphoria, wandering and apathy. We observed a significant reduction of the professional caregiver burden and the incidence of delirium was significantly reduced in subjects treated with DT.Conclusions. We show that DT is more effective that ST in the control of BSPD in patients affected by moderate to severe dementia. Moreover we suggest that DT may effective in reducing the incidence of delirium.Trial Registration: Retrospectively registered in ClinicalTrials.gov the 02nd June 2, 2021 trial registration number NCT04920591
Microbiological study of periodontal disease in populations with HIV: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Valian Nasrin Keshavarz , houshmand Behzad , Ardakani Mohammadreza Talebi , Mahmoudi Shima
Published: July 2021

Background: No systematic review/meta-analysis has been conducted on the microbiological profile associated with the occurrence of periodontitis in patients with HIV. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of identified bacteria in HIV-infected patients with periodontal disease.Methods: Three English electronic databases (MEDLINE (via PubMed), SCOPUS, and Web of Science) were searched systematically from the beginning to 13 February 2021. The frequency of each identified bacteria in HIV-infected patients with periodontal disease was extracted. All meta-analysis methods were performed using STATA software. Results: Twenty-two articles met inclusion criteria and enrolled into the systematic review. This review analyzed a total of 965 HIV-infected patients with periodontitis. The prevalence of periodontitis was higher in HIV-infected male patients (83% (CI95%: 76-88%)) compared to females (28% (CI95%: 17-39%)). In our study, the pooled prevalence of necrotizing ulcerative periodontitis and necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis in patients with HIV infection was 67% (CI95%: 52-82%) and 60% (CI95%: 45-74%), while a lower prevalence of linear gingivitis erythema was reported (11% (CI95%: 5-18%)). More than 140 bacterial species were identified from HIV-infected patients with periodontal disease. High prevalence of Tannerella forsythia (51% (CI95%: 5-96%)), Fusobacterium nucleatum (50% (CI95%: 21-78%)), Prevotella intermedia (50% (CI95%: 32-68%)), Peptostreptococcus micros (44% (CI95%: 25-65%)), Campylobacter rectus (35% (CI95%: 25-45%)), and Fusobacterium spp. (35% (CI95%: 3-78%)) in HIV-infected patients with periodontal disease was found.Conclusion: Our study demonstrated that the prevalence of red and orange complex of bacteria in HIV patients with periodontal disease is relatively high.
Prevalence and Epidemiological Trends in Mortality Due to COVID-19 in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alissa Dema A. , Aburas Wejdan , Almudaiheem Hajar Y. , Aseri Zohair Al , Alrabiah Fahad , Ezzat Hatoon , Moulana Ashraf A. , Alawi Maha M. , Al-mutairy Eid , Alaama Tareef , Alamri Mohammed S. , Bamousa Manal S. , Alshehri Adel A. , Alosaimi Mohammed H. , Devol Edward Bentz , Al-jedai Ahmed H.
Published: July 2021

Background: Coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) created a major public health emergency and an international concern. It is an infectious respiratory illness caused by acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The international mortality rates due to COVID-19 reached 2,748,763 on March 24, 2021. We describe the prevalence, case fatality rate, and epidemiological trends of COVID-19 mortality in Saudi Arabia in this paper.Method: A systematic approach of evaluating COVID-19 related mortalities was established in Saudi Arabia. A scientific committee that evaluated all reported cases with suspicious or confirmed COVID-19 disease using a standardized electronic form. A data registry of all deaths with all clinical parameters was built based on active reporting from all healthcare facilities in Saudi Arabia. Analysis of data using national and regional crude case fatality rate (cCFR) and death per 100,000 population was carried. Descriptive analysis of age, gender, nationality, and comorbidities. Mortality trend was plotted per week and compared to international figures.Results: The total reported number of deaths between March 23rd until April 9, 2021 was 6,737. cCFR was reported as 1.70%, and death per 100,000 population was reported as 19.24 which compared favourably to figures reported by several developed countries. Highest percentages of deaths were among individuals aged between 60-69 years, males (74%), individuals with diabetes (60%), and Hypertension (50%). Conclusion: Case fatality rate and death per 100,000 population in Saudi Arabia is among the lowest in the world due to multiple factors. Several comorbidities have been identified namely diabetes, hypertension, obesity, and cardiac arrhythmias.
Oxidative Stress Response of PM2.5 and Mixed Toxic Gases to Rat Trachea and Lung Tissue
Authors: Wang Shouqin , Xu Jia , Yang Biao , Chen Dongmei , Zhao Hui , Jin Huanrong , zhou Weiqiang , Xiao Chun-ling
Published: July 2021

Background：We performed this study to explore the inflammation and oxidative stress responses of rat trachea and lung caused by PM2.5 and mixed toxic gas.Materials and methods：Eighty-four Wistar rats were randomly assigned to receive exposure to PM2.5 and toxic gases containing carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), sulfur dioxide (SO2) or saline. Microflora in rat respiratory tract were investigated through testing secretion taken from posterior pharyngeal wall on Day 1, 7 and 30. Trachea and lung tissues were processed for scanning electron microscopic (SEM) and transmission electron microscopic (TEM) examinations. Cytokines in rat bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), serum and lung tissues were analyzed via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and real-time quantitative PCR.Results：Eight aerobes and seven anaerobes were firstly detected after exposure (p<0.01, respectively). Most of them are the pathogenic bacteria or opportunistic pathogen. SEM and TEM observations suggested that both normal structure of trachea and lung tissue were injured after exposure to PM2.5 with mixed toxic gas and the injure degree was concentration- and time-dependent. Interleukin 4 (IL-4), interleukin 6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) expression in the BALF and lung tissue markedly increased on Day 1 and 7 (p<0.01, respectively). Interferon γ (IFN-γ) did not show significant change after exposure. On Day 30, all the detected cytokines decreased and even disappeared. All detected cytokines in the serum had no significant difference before and after exposure (p>0.05, respectively).Conclusion：PM2.5 with mixed toxic gas can lead to dysbacteriosis in respiratory tract and destroy the normal structure of trachea and lung tissue. The injure degree was concentration- and time-dependent. Local inflammatory response instead of systemic reaction may be predominant in the response of rat respiratory tract to PM2.5 with mixed toxic gas.
Utilization of Bitter orange seeds as a novel source for recovery of pectin: Compositional and rheological characterization
Authors: Nejatian Mohammad , Khodaei Diako , Gavlighi Hassan Ahmadi , Zargaraan Azizollaah
Published: July 2021

The seeds from bitter orange, a by-product from the juice making step, hold the potential to facilitate novel, easy yet high quality pectin extraction. To test this hypothesis, the pectin from orange seeds (OSP) were extracted by distilled water and its compositional parameters and rheological behavior then evaluated. Results showed that galacturonic acid was the major component of OSP (~ 425 mg/g) confirming the purity of extracted pectin, followed by glucose and some minor neutral sugars. Mw, Rn and, Rz for the OSP were 4511.8 (kDa), 61 (nm), and 61.1 (nm), respectively. Rheological measurements showed shear-thinning behavior for OSP that by increasing temperature from 5 to 45 oC, the viscosity of the gum decreased. Power law fitted as the best rheological model describing the flow behavior of OSP. Strain sweep dynamic rheological measurements confirmed an entangled network structure for OSP and the addition of NaCl to the gum dispersion, decreased the consistency coefficient from 35.6 to 23.18 Pa.sn, while the flow behavior index remained unchanged. These results demonstrate for the first time that the OSP can be used as a new source of pectin, with likely a wide range of applications in food industry.
Necessity of Standardizing the Definition of QBO Phases
Authors: Wei Ke , Chen Wen , Ma Jiao , Wang Ting
Published: July 2021

As one of the most mysterious and fascinating natural phenomena, the quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO) has an extraordinary period of ~28 months and features alternative westerly and easterly propagating downward from the upper to the lower stratosphere. The QBO is also one of the most important interannual variabilities in the atmosphere, and has dynamical influences on global circulation from the troposphere to the mesosphere, from the tropics to the poles. It also modulates the distribution of chemical constituents such as ozone and methane, and influences tropical cyclone genesis over tropical oceans. The global effect of the QBO is believed to depend on its phase and structure. However, existing definitions of the phase and strength of the QBO remain ambiguous. Previous studies considered tropical zonal winds at 70, 50, 45, 40, 30, 20, and/or 10 hPa, disregarding the propagating characteristic of the QBO in the equatorial stratosphere. In this study, we point out that the definition of the QBO can influence the interpretation of the dynamical effect and decadal variation of the QBO. Therefore, the definition of QBO phases considering the propagating characteristics of the QBO needs to be urgently standardized. By dividing the QBO evolution into multiple phases instead of only two (westerly and easterly), a deeper insight into the dynamics of the QBO, particularly its global effects, may be obtained.
Predictive Value of Serum β2‑Microglobulin for Outcomes in Patients with Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Caused by Bacterial Infection
Authors: Cui Na , Feng Xiaokai , Jiang Chunguo , Wang Jing , Zhang Liming
Published: July 2021

Background

Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a heterogeneous disease with extremely high mortality. We hypothesized that the serum β2-microglobulin (β2MG) level would be elevated and be an independent risk factor for 28-day mortality in patients with ARDS.
Methods

We retrospectively enrolled 257 patients with ARDS caused by bacterial infection who were admitted consecutively into the Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital from January 1, 2015 to February 28, 2021. Patients were followed for up to 28 days from diagnosis and were divided into a survival group and non-survival group according to their clinical outcomes. The serum β2MG levels and other clinical data were collected. The relationship between serum β2MG levels and 28-day mortality was explored by performing a Cox regression analysis adjusted for age, updated Charlson comorbidity index, disorders of consciousness, septic shock, albumin level, cardiac troponin I level, procalcitonin level, lactic acid level, prothrombin time, and partial pressure of arterial oxygen/fraction of inspired oxygen ratio.
Results

In this cohort, 161 patients survived, and 96 patients died within 28 days of diagnosis, yielding a 28-day mortality of 37.4%. The median level of β2MG for all enrolled patients was 4.6 (interquartile range [IQR]: 2.9–8.5) mg/L. Higher β2MG levels were significantly associated with 28-day mortality when the β2MG level was analysed as a continuous variable (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.050; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.012–1.091; P = 0.010) and when it was categorized into tertiles (HR: 1.482; 95% CI: 1.069–2.045; P = 0.018). The serum β2MG level exhibited a diagnostic accuracy for predicting mortality that was not inferior to those of the Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation score (P = 0.153) and Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score (P = 0.114).
Conclusions

The level of serum β2MG is elevated and is an independent risk factor of 28-day mortality in patients with ARDS, suggesting that it has predictive value for the outcomes of these patients.
Plasma p-Tau181 Outperforms Cerebrospinal Fluid Total Tau in Terms of Alzheimer’s Disease Diagnosis
Authors: Nabizadeh Fardin , Balabandian Mohammad , Rostami Mohammad Reza , Ward Richard T. , Ahmadi Niloufar , Pourhamzeh Mahsa
Published: July 2021

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease associated with dementia, and is a serious concern for the health of individuals and government health care systems worldwide. Gray matter atrophy and white matter damage are major contributors to cognitive deficits experienced by patients with AD, as seen through magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Many of these brain changes associated with AD begin to occur about 15 years before the onset of initial clinical symptoms. Therefore, it is critical to find biomarkers reflective of these brain changes associated with AD to identify this disease and monitor its prognosis and development. The level of hyperphosphorylated tau 181 (p-Tau181) in the plasma has been recently considered as a novel biomarker for the presence of AD, with increased levels in patients with AD, preclinical AD, and those experiencing mild cognitive impairment (MCI). In the current study, we examined the association of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and plasma levels of p-Tau181 with structural brain changes pertaining to cortical thickness, cortical volume, surface area, and subcortical volume in MCI patients. In this cross-sectional study we included the information of 461 MCI patients from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) cohort. The results of voxel-wise partial correlation analyses showed a significant negative correlation between the increased levels of plasma p-Tau181, CSF total tau, and CSF p-Tau181 and structural changes in widespread brain regions. These results provide evidence for the use of plasma p-Tau181 as a diagnostic marker for structural changes in the brain associated with the early stages of AD and neurodegeneration.
Spontaneous Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting in China: An Analysis of Reports Made to the Spontaneous Reporting System of Henan Province From 2016 to 2020
Authors: Yan Ziqi , Feng Zhanchun , Jiao Zhiming , Chen Chaoyi , Wang Ganyi , Feng Da
Published: July 2021

Introduction: Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) may be a serious public health problem and have received widespread attention in recent years. Objective: This study has analyzed the factors leading to the occurrence of SADRs, determined the factors affecting the prognosis of patients with severe adverse reactions at different levels of medical institutions, and finally made corresponding recommendations for the monitoring, prevention, and treatment of SADRs. Methods: We used descriptive analysis and chi-square test analysis the year, age, gender, proportion of SADRs, and the results of the ADRs in the report. Use the logistic regression to analyze the factors affecting the prognosis of SADRs in different levels of medical institutions. Result: A total of 387 642 people’s 394 037 ADRs were collected from the Henan Provincial Adverse Drug Reaction Monitoring Center from 2016 to 2020. Among them 35 742 cases of serious ADRs (9.1%), 96.1% were eventually relieved or cured, but 39 cases of SADRs caused death. The main causes of death included hemorrhages, organ failure, and allergies. Age, number of medication and illnesses, level of medical institution, history of adverse reactions, and type and method of medication were all factors that affected the severity of ADR. The prognosis of SADRs is worse than normal ADRs. The ADRs in autumn and winter and new adverse reactions are unique risk factors found in this study. Conclusions: The elderly and patients with multiple diseases or taking multiple drugs should pay attention to their adverse reactions. They should be closely observed within a week after taking the medicine. The supervision of patients with a history of allergies and new adverse reactions should be strengthened by primary medical institutions, and in nonprimary medical institutions should paid attention with past medical histories , and use imported drugs and biological agents with caution to ensured the safety and health of patients.
Species Distribution Model Predictions of the Critically Endangered Grey Nurse Shark in Australia
Authors: Su Guanfang
Published: July 2021

Species distribution models (SDMs) are commonly used to forecast how threatened species are influenced by climate change. The grey nurse shark (Carcharias tauras) is a critically endangered species inhabiting both the east and west coasts of Australia, with negligible genetic interchange between the two populations. I used Generalized Linear Models (GLM), Maximum Entropy (MaxEnt) models and Boosted Regression Trees (BRT) to predict the distribution of the grey nurse shark. The data were a sample of presence-only data, derived from the known grey nurse shark sighting locations, from the east coasts of Australia, with pseudo-absences generated and bootstrapped from a restricted background. I verified these models using leave-one-out cross validation and model metrics including AICc, BIC, percentage of deviance explained, leave-one-out cross-validated R2, AUC, maximum Cohen’s Kappa, specificity and sensitivity. Cross-validated R2 was used as an overall comparison method across model types. I performed out-of-source validation by comparing model projection with the distributional range of the ragged tooth shark (Carcharias taurus) in South Africa. The prediction of the selected model was consistent with the current distributional range of the ragged tooth shark.
The GAIRS Checklist: A Useful Global Assessment Tool In Patients With Rett Syndrome
Authors: Fabio Rosa Angela , Semino Martina , Giannatiempo Samantha
Published: July 2021

Background: Rett Syndrome is a severe, neurodevelopmental disorder mainly caused by mutations in the MECP2 gene, affecting around 1 in 10,000 female births. Severe physical, language, and social impairments impose a wide range of limitations in the assessment of the abilities of Rett patients. This study proposes an analysis and first validation of a Global Assessment and Intervention in Rett syndrome (GAIRS) Checklist for assessing behavioral, intellectual, academic, neuropsychological and psychosocial manifestations in patients with Rett Syndrome. We administered the GAIRS Checklist to 113 Italian patients with Rett Syndrome aged 4-42.Aims of this study: to examine the psychometric characteristics of the GAIRS Checklist. Moreover, the aim is also to examine the validity of GAIRS with test-retest correlation, convergent validity with similar functional measurements, such as the Vineland scales, and divergent validity with severity of disease scale, such as the RARS scale and severity of neuropsychiatric evaluations.Results: All 10 subscales of GAIRS were positively and significantly related to each other and to the total GAIRS score, and the subscales showed high levels of alpha scores. Principal axis factoring suggested two factors that explain 60% of the variance. Internal Reliability, test-retest reliability and Correlation for Concurrent and Divergent Validity showed good psychometric properties.Conclusion:The GAIRS Checklist used for Rett syndrome is acceptable and feasible to complete assessment in a clinical setting. Moreover, it can detect the complexity of this disease and may suggest the next step in terms of specific training in Rett syndrome.
Role of Composite Adsorbents Based on Polyurethane/nanoclay Foam in Removing Organic Contaminants in a Continuous Treatment Process.
Authors: khorsi Manijeh
Published: July 2021

The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
Comparative Diagnostic Accuracy of Fecal Protein Biomarkers for Colorectal Advanced Neoplasms: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Kansestani Atefeh Nasir , Zare Mohammad Erfan , Tong Qingchao , Zhang Jun
Published: July 2021

Early diagnosis of colorectal advanced neoplasms (AN), including colorectal cancer (CRC) and advanced adenoma (AA), has positive effect on survival rate. As the first attempt, the aim of this meta-analysis was to compare the diagnostic accuracy of fecal protein biomarkers for detection of colorectal neoplasms with consideration of wide range covariates.Until Jun 10, 2021, a systematic literature search was performed on Web of Sciences, Scopus and PubMed. The diagnostic accuracies were calculated using the bivariate/hierarchical random effect model. Biomarkers were determined clinically applicable (CA) if they had area under the curves> 0.70, positive and negative likelihood ratio >2 and <0.5, respectively. A total of 47059 test results were extracted from 16 Immunochemical fecal occult blood test (iFOBT), 26 Pyruvate Kinase-M2 (PK-M2) and 23 Fecal Calprotectin (FC) studies. Only iFOBT, PK-M2 and FC for CRC plus iFOBT and PK-M2 for AN were CA. iFOBT had significantly superior accuracy (P= 0.02 versus PK-M2 and P< 0.01 versus FC for CRC; P< 0.01 versus PK-M2 for AN). Regarding covariates, lateral flow method of PK-M2 measurement increased its accuracy for CRC detection compared to enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (P< 0.01). Briefly, iFOBT is the most accurate fecal biomarker for diagnosis of CRC and AN.
WITHDRAWN: miR-99a-3p Targeting EIF4EBP1 Affects B Lymphocytes Function Through Autophagy and Aggravates SLE Disease Progression
Authors: yang meng , Danqi Deng
Published: July 2021

Background:Overactivation of immune cells plays a key role in the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). The regulation of immune cells by miRNA is a research hotspot.In this study, the second-generation high-throughput sequencing found that the expression of miR-99a-3p in SLE decreased, but the specific mechanism is still unclear.The purpose of this study is to explore the potential target genes, target cells of miR-99a-3p and their potential mechanisms affecting the progression of SLE.Methods: Isolate PBMC from healthy individulas and SLE patients, transfect Ball-1, Jurkat, THP-1 and K562 cells with miR-99a-3p agomir and antagomir,detect miR-99a-3p, predict target genes and autophagy pathway mRNA and protein expression by RT-qPCR and Western blotting.CCK-8 method detects cell proliferation, PI method detects cell cycle, flow cytometry detects cell apoptosis, and luciferase reporter gene experiment determines miR-99a-3p target genes.With C57BL/6J mice as control,construct miR-99a-3p overexpression and interference model based on MRL/lpr mice,ELISA detects plasma ANA, dsDNA, IgE, IgM, IL-6, IL-10, BLyS.Pathological analysis of HE staining and C3 immunofluorescence(IF) deposition in mouse kidney tissue,Immunohistochemistry(IHC) detects changes in target genes and pathway proteins in kidney tissue,isolate B cells to verify the differential expression of miR-99a-3p, target genes, pathway mRNA and protein.Results: Compared with healthy individulas, miR-99a-3p in SLE was down-regulated, while EIF4EBP1, LC3II, LAMP-2A mRNA and protein expression were up-regulated.After Ball-1 was transfected with miR-99a-3p agomir, cell proliferation decreased and apoptosis increased.After transfected with miR-99a-3p antagomir, the effect was opposite;Luciferase reporter gene detection proved that miR-99a-3p directly targets EIF4EBP1. Rescue experiments confirmed the interaction model between miR-99a-3p and EIF4EBP1. Clinical, in vitro, and in vivo experiments further confirmed that miR-99a-3p agomir can reduce the expression of EIF4EBP1, LC3-Ⅱ, and LAMP-2A, while miR-99a-3p antagomir had the opposite effect.In vivo experiment antagomir group mice serum ANA, dsDNA, IgE, IgM, IL-6, IL-10, BLyS were higher than those in the MRL/lpr group, EIF4EBP1, LC3-Ⅱ, LAMP-2A mRNA, protein and IHC levels also increased, and the urinary protein and C3 IF deposition of mice in the antagomir group were increased, and the related indexes of mice in the agomir group were lower than those in the MRL/lpr group.Conclusion:The expression of miR-99a-3p in SLE PBMC was down-regulated. Up-regulation of miR-99a-3p by transfection can protect B cells from autophagy mediated by EIF4EBP1.The down-regulation of miR-99a-3p induces autophagy by regulating the autophagy signaling pathway mediated by EIF4EBP1 in SLE B cells. These results indicate that miR-99a-3p and EIF4EBP1 may be potential targets of SLE.
A Genome-Wide Association Study for Melatonin Secretion
Authors: Liu Pi-Hua , Chuang Gwo-Tsann , Hsiung Chia-Ni , Yang Wei-Shun , Ku Hsiao-Chia , Lin Yi-Ching , Chen Yi-Shun , Huang Yu-Yao , Lin Chia-Hung , Lin Jou-Wei , Hsu Chih-Neng , Hwang Juey-Jen , Hsieh Meng-Lun , Lee Hsiao-Lin , Shen Chen-Yang , Chang Yi-Cheng
Published: July 2021

SummaryPurpose: Melatonin exerts a wide range of effects among various tissues and organs. However, there is currently no study to investigate the genetic determinants of melatonin secretion. Here, we conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) for melatonin secretion using morning urine 6-hydroxymelatonin sulfate-to-creatinine ratio (UMCR). Methods: We initially enrolled 5,000 participants from Taiwan Biobank in this study. After excluding individuals that did not have their urine collected in the morning and those who failed to pass quality control, association of single nucleotide polymorphisms with log-transformed UMCR adjusted for age, sex and principal components of ancestry were analyzed. A second model additionally adjusted for estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). Results: A total of 2,504 participants underwent the genome-wide analysis. Six candidate loci associated with log UMCR (P value ranging from 7.54 x 10-7 to 4.65 x 10-6) encompassing GALNT15, ZFHX3, NKAIN2, MME and NBPF22P were identified. Similar results were yielded with further adjustment for eGFR. Interestingly, the identified genes are associated with central nervous system function and clinical condition such as Alzheimer's disease or sleep disorders.Conclusions: We conducted the first GWAS for melatonin secretion and identified six candidate genetic loci associated with melatonin level. Replication and functional studies are needed in the future.