bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hi-C in Budding Yeast
Authors: Belton Jon-Matthew , Dekker Job
Published: July 2015

Hi-C enables simultaneous detection of interaction frequencies between all possible pairs of restriction fragments in the genome. The Hi-C method is based on chromosome conformation capture (3C), which uses formaldehyde cross-linking to fix chromatin regions that interact in three-dimensional space, irrespective of their genomic locations. In the Hi-C protocol described here, cross-linked chromatin is digested with HindIII and the ends are filled in with a nucleotide mix containing biotinylated dCTP. These fragments are ligated together, and the resulting chimeric molecules are purified and sheared to reduce length. Finally, biotinylated ligation junctions are pulled down with streptavidin-coated beads, linked to high-throughput sequencing adaptors, and amplified via polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The resolution of the Hi-C data set will depend on the depth of sequencing and choice of restriction enzyme. When sufficient sequence reads are obtained, information on chromatin interactions and chromosome conformation can be derived at single restriction fragment resolution for complete genomes.
Fluorescent Calcium Indicator Protein Expression in the Mouse Brain Using Recombinant Adeno-Associated Viruses
Authors: Heindorf Matthias , Hasan Mazahir T.
Published: July 2015

One method for gene delivery and long-term fluorescent calcium indicator protein (FCIP) expression in mammalian neurons in vivo involves the introduction of FCIPs via recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) vectors using constitutive and cell type-specific promoters. This protocol describes the use of rAAVs to express FCIPs in the brain for imaging. Human embryonic kidney 293 cells are first transfected using calcium phosphate. rAAV is then prepared using either an iodixanol gradient or a heparin column. After the virus is purified, its quality is assessed by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, estimation of genomic and functional virus titers by quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and expression in dissociated neurons. Mice are injected with rAAV using a stereotactic instrument and can be imaged ∼3 wk later.
Confirmation and evaluation of performance measurement model for the Thai frozen shrimp chain
Authors: Pungchompoo Sirirat , Sopadang Apichat
Published: July 2015

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to investigate and evaluate the new performance measurement model for the Thai frozen shrimp chain.

Design/methodology/approach

– The performance measurement model was developed by the combination method between a structural equation modeling and an analytical hierarchy process, which the method confirmed and proved the construction of the framework and identified the important key performance indicators of the chain from different supply chain members’ point of views.

Findings

– The results showed that the model is reliable and valid as well as being theoretically acceptable on the basis of performance measurement foundations. Furthermore, the financial and the customer perspectives are demonstrated as the first to be prioritized in order to evaluate the performance.

Research limitations/implications

– Two limitations should be considered. First, small sample size of this study is a limitation. Hence, further study should consider on enough sample size. A next limitation, different points of view from participants has effect on factor loading which represented minus value on the research model. Therefore, the future research should apply several techniques, such as the fuzzy set and data envelopment analysis.

Originality/value

– The contribution of this study is the new performance measurement model which based on the integrated conceptual ideas and the synthesizing methods for evaluating the Thai frozen shrimp chain.
Marriage for better or for worse? Towards an analytical framework to manage post-merger integration process
Authors: Osarenkhoe Aihie , Hyder Akmal
Published: July 2015

Purpose

– A review of extant literatures shows that most mergers fail during the integration process. Little is known about how the realization of operating synergies and dissemination of available know-how in the merged firm are managed in the post-merger phase. The purpose of this paper is to provide insights on the process of integrating operating synergies by focusing on the critical success factors that facilitate integration of the skills of merged banks.

Design/methodology/approach

– The authors draw on three research traditions in merger literature and reconcile them with three dimensions of integration. In-depth interviews were conducted with Nordea managers from four Nordic countries.

Findings

– Having learned from the mistakes of previous mergers, Nordea’s “guiding star” for managing its post-merger integration process was expressed as focus, speed and performance from top management. A hands-on leadership style, vision-led thinking, a bias for action, involvement of the entire staff, continuous focus on customers, open and honest communication with employees are critical to success.

Practical implications

– The motive for a merger has an important impact on the degree of interaction and degree of integration. The authors expand on previous findings by, among other things, synthesizing three theoretical lenses into an integrative model, and addresses post-merger issues with a sharp eye towards clear managerial relevance.

Originality/value

– The authors respond to the call to expand inter-firm relationships study beyond the narrow dyadic relationship focus and not solely conceptualize mergers as one of companies’ entry modes to implement mechanistic growth strategy. The three dimensions of integration imbued with three research traditions in merger literature provides us with a conceptual lens to conceive mergers also as engines for change emerging from the merged firms to enhance a bespoke performance of their business process.
An investigation into the role of enterprise information systems in enabling business innovation
Authors: Anaya Luay , Dulaimi Mohammed , Abdallah Sherief
Published: July 2015

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to articulate clear understanding about the role of enterprise information systems (EIS) in developing innovative business practices. Particularly, it aims to explore the different ways that make EIS enables innovation development.

Design/methodology/approach

– The study adopted exploratory case study, based on qualitative approach. Investigations included two case studies each involved interviewing a number of senior information technology staff, working at these cases.

Findings

– The paper provides empirical insights about the EIS role in enabling innovation. The analysis of the case studies revealed that integrating an EIS with other system(s) or with digital devices can provide new practices that could not be easily available without these technologies. The study also found that applying data analytics tools into data accumulated from EIS, to extract new insights, lead to innovative practices.

Practical implications

– The study provides a set of recommendations for organizations interested to maximize the benefits from their investments in EIS.

Originality/value

– The paper provides evidences from cases in United Arab Emirates for the EIS role in enabling business innovation.
Mother-adolescent daughter identity interplay processes
Authors: Gillison Stephanie , Givan Alexa Martinez , Beatty Sharon E , Kim Kyoungmi (Kate) , Reynolds Kristy , Baker Julie
Published: July 2015

Purpose

– This paper aims to explore the mother–adolescent daughter shopping trip to better understand the experiences and process that occur during these shopping trips. Adolescent girls and their mothers are an important shopping companion pair that has received minimal study.

Design/methodology/approach

– This research investigates the mother–adolescent daughter shopping trip using in-depth interviews with 28 mothers, adolescent daughters and retail employees in the USA.

Findings

– The interviews reveal that the mother–adolescent daughter shopping trip consists of three important developmental experiences: conflict and struggle, education and influence and bonding between mother and daughter. Similarities and differences between middle- and high-school daughters relative to these issues are explored.

Originality/value

– This study is the first to bring together the interplay processes of conflict, education and influence and bonding during mother–adolescent daughter shopping trips. This study extends research regarding family identity interplay, companion shopping, adolescent identity development and consumer socialization. The authors find that the mother–adolescent daughter shopping trip involves daughters’ efforts to separate from their mothers and form their own identities, often producing struggle and conflicts; daughters developing as consumers and individuals; and an opportunity to bond.
The evolution of knowledge transfer and the location of a multinational corporation
Authors: Leszczyńska Dorota , Pruchnicki Erick
Published: July 2015

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to draw attention to the link between knowledge transfer flow and the location of a multinational corporation (MNC).

Design/methodology/approach

– The authors put forward a conceptual approach to formulate the mathematical modelling of a firm’s performance following the decision to join a regional cluster. This model builds on a recent stream of theoretical literature which has investigated the relationship between networks and the creation and diffusion of knowledge. The purpose of this model is to propose a mathematical tool to determine the long-term financial results induced by knowledge transfer from an MNC’s acquired subsidiary located in a cluster to another part of the MNC.

Findings

– This study has several important research implications. First, it is a useful step towards a better understanding of how knowledge transfer effects may interact with cluster effects, while explaining subsidiary location performance. Second, it focuses on the most valuable, often highly tacit knowledge competencies.

Research limitations/implications

– Other investigations would certainly be welcome to improve the links between the proposed mathematical model and the efficiency of the location of an MNC in a cluster through a quantitative study.

Practical implications

– The authors constructed this study with the aim of developing a model that would give us a better understanding of the impact of embedded knowledge on the efficiency of a localization choice made by an MNC.

Originality/value

– To date, there has been little in the literature on the profit arising from a multinational firm’s choice of location.
Evidence for long‐term shift in plant community composition under decadal experimental warming
Authors: Shi Zheng , Sherry Rebecca , Xu Xia , Hararuk Oleksandra , Souza Lara , Jiang Lifen , Xia Jianyang , Liang Junyi , Luo Yiqi
Published: July 2015

Long‐term, slow ecological processes such as changes in plant community structure and composition strongly regulate ecosystem responses to climate change. Shifts in plant community are expected in chronically altered environments under warming. However, experimental evidence for long‐term shifts and the associated mechanisms is still scarce in temperate grasslands.

Here, we explore the long‐term responses of a prairie plant community to 14‐year (2000–2013) manipulations of climate warming and clipping in Oklahoma, USA. Infrared heaters were used to elevate soil temperature by about 2 °C all year round, and annual clipping was applied to mimic hay harvest.

Community composition was resistant to experimental warming in the first seven years, but started to show responses starting from the eighth year; clipping consistently affected community composition over the years. Compositional change under long‐term warming was mainly due to one invasive species and three dominant species. The negative correlations in relative abundance between the invasive species and the dominant species suggest interspecific competition. Community structure (i.e. richness, evenness and diversity) had no overall response to experimental warming. However, in 2007, the extreme wet year, warming reduced species richness by 30%. Clipping promoted species richness by 10% on average over the 14 years but decreased community evenness. Warming did not interact with clipping in influencing the plant community variables.

Synthesis. Our study provides experimental evidence for long‐term shifts in plant community composition due to warming and revealed novel mechanisms (i.e. species invasion and associated biotic interactions) underlying the long‐term shift. The results also suggest that climate extremes may elicit or advance community responses to climate warming. The findings highlight that long‐term climate change experiments are essential to reveal potential shifts in community composition.
Electoral Vulnerability, Constituency Focus, and Parliamentary Questions in the House of Commons
Authors: Kellermann Michael
Published: July 2015

This article: Demonstrates that use of written parliamentary questions by British MPs is influenced by electoral context. Shows that as the margin of victory in prior election decreases, members ask more questions. Indicates that the margin of victory does not affect proportion of questions that focus on constituency issues. Concludes that electorally vulnerable members use questions to signal effort, rather than attention to constituency issues.

An emerging literature suggests that British MPs use legislative tools such as private member bills and early day motions to develop reputations with constituents, notwithstanding the common belief that individual legislative behaviour has little effect on electoral outcomes in Britain. This study demonstrates that British MPs also use parliamentary questions to respond to electoral vulnerability. Using data on written parliamentary questions asked between 1997 and 2010, it examines two possible consequences of electoral vulnerability: increased question frequency and greater focus on constituency issues in questions. It demonstrates that members ask more written parliamentary questions on average when their margin of victory decreases. In contrast, there is no meaningful evidence that MP focus on constituency issues increases with electoral marginality. These findings suggest that members use questions to signal effort to their constituents rather than attention to constituency issues.
Authority after Emergency Rule
Authors: White Jonathan
Published: July 2015

In the context of economic crisis,Europe has witnessed a spate of extraordinary political measures pressed by executive discretion. This article examines what emergency rule of this kind implies for the possibility of normal rule thereafter. Political decision‐makers face the challenge of drawing a line under the crisis so that the unconventional measures used to handle it do not compromise the polity's norms in lasting fashion. Based on an analysis of the preconditions for plausibly making such an act of separation, I suggest the principal resources for doing so in theEUcase are missing. Emergency rule will tend to blend in with normal rule, to the detriment of the political order's legitimate authority. A more dubiously grounded ‘descriptive’ authority may conversely be enhanced by emergency rule, as may compliance for instrumental motivations, producing a polity that is stable even if weakly legitimate.
KoushalvNaz: Judges Vote to Recriminalise Homosexuality
Authors: Khaitan Tarunabh
Published: July 2015

InKoushalvNaztheIndianSupremeCourt overturned aHighCourt judgment which had declared unconstitutional section 377 of theIndianPenalCode criminalising ‘carnal intercourse against the order of nature’. In doing so, it has rebranded gay and transgenderedIndians as criminals. This case note explores some of the structural problems that led to this judgment. The first problem is the transformation of theIndianSupremeCourt into a populist, quasi‐legislative, institution that sees itself as a tool of governance. This has put significant pressure on its counter‐majoritarian role. The second relates to the sheer size of theCourt's docket (given its wide jurisdiction and lax standing rules), coupled with the Indian legal academy's inability and unwillingness to continuously demand judicial fidelity to the law. These factors have led to the normalisation of unreasoned or poorly‐reasoned judgments and a breakdown ofstare decisis.
Wages, Housing Prices and Commutes
Authors: Mayock Tom
Published: July 2015

Whereas economic theory suggests that, all else equal, workers should be willing to accept disamenities such as higher housing costs and longer commutes only if they are compensated with higher wages, little is known about the magnitude of these compensating differentials. In this article, I address this gap in the literature by estimating an empirical model of the relationship between wages, housing prices and commutes that addresses the simultaneous determination of these variables. The results from the empirical models suggest that the wage premia associated with high housing costs and long commutes are substantial. Furthermore, results from baseline models reveal that estimates of these compensating differentials are seriously biased if endogeneity is not addressed.
Retaining a diverse workforce: the impact of gender‐focused human resource management
Authors: Ali Muhammad , Metz Isabel , Kulik Carol T.
Published: July 2015

Demography theory suggests that high gender diversity leads to high turnover. As turnover is costly, we tested the following: a main effect prediction derived from demography theory, and a moderating effect prediction derived from the relational framework. Data on 198 publicly listed organisations were collected through a human resources decision‐maker survey and archival databases. The results indicate that higher gender diversity leads to lower turnover in organisations with many gender‐focused policies and practices. Findings suggest that organisations can lower their turnover rates by increasing their gender diversity and by implementing gender‐focused policies and practices.
Refractory knee giant cell tumor of the synovial membrane treated with intra‐articular injection of Infliximab: a case series and review of the literature
Authors: Praino Emanuela , Lapadula Giovanni , Scioscia Crescenzio , Ingravallo Giuseppe , Covelli Michele , Lopalco Giuseppe , Iannone Florenzo
Published: July 2015

Giant cell tumor (GCT) of the synovial membrane, also known as pigmented villonodular synovitis, causes a progressive, relapsing and destructive arthropathy affecting one or more synovial joints. Systemic therapy can be combined to intra‐articular treatments, including surgical synoviectomy, especially when monoarticular. Despite that, the synovial membrane commonly grows again with clinical relapse. Here, we report three case of patients diagnosed with GCT of the knee who had an early relapse of the disease even after surgical synoviectomy. All of them underwent intra‐articular therapy with infliximab and subsequent synoviectomy to eradicate residual tissue. A complete remission of CGT was achieved without relapse occurring during the follow‐up. These preliminary data need to be confirmed by further clinical trials; however, intra‐articular therapy with infliximab might be deemed a potential option to treat CGT of a single joint.
popart: full‐feature software for haplotype network construction
Authors: Leigh Jessica W. , Bryant David
Published: July 2015

Haplotype networks are an intuitive method for visualising relationships between individual genotypes at the population level.

Here, we present popart, an integrated software package that provides a comprehensive implementation of haplotype network methods, phylogeographic visualisation tools and standard statistical tests, together with publication‐ready figure production.

popart also provides a platform for the implementation and distribution of new network‐based methods – we describe one such new method, integer neighbour‐joining.

The software is open source and freely available for all major operating systems.
Prevalence of tick‐borne encephalitis virus in Ixodes ricinus ticks from three islands in north‐western Norway
Authors: Paulsen Katrine M. , Pedersen Benedikte N. , Soleng Arnulf , Okbaldet Yohannes B. , Pettersson John H.‐O. , Dudman Susanne G. , Ottesen Preben , Vik Inger Sofie Samdal , Vainio Kirsti , Andreassen Åshild
Published: July 2015

Tick‐borne encephalitis (TBE) is the most important viral tick‐borne disease in Europe and can cause severe disease in humans. In Norway, human cases have been reported only from the southern coast. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of tick‐borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) in questing Ixodes ricinus ticks from the north‐western part of Norway. A total of 4509 ticks were collected by flagging in May and June 2014. A subpopulation of 2220 nymphs and 162 adult ticks were analysed by real‐time PCR and positive samples were confirmed by pyrosequencing. The estimated prevalence of TBEV was 3.08% among adult ticks from Sekken in Møre og Romsdal County and 0.41% among nymphs from both Hitra and Frøya in Sør‐Trøndelag County. This study indicates that TBEV might be more widespread than the distribution of reported human cases suggests.
Somatostatin analogues improve health‐related quality of life in polycystic liver disease: a pooled analysis of two randomised, placebo‐controlled trials
Authors: Neijenhuis M. K. , Gevers T. J. G. , Nevens F. , Hogan M. C. , Torres V. E. , Kievit W. , Drenth J. P. H.
Published: July 2015

Background

Polycystic liver disease is associated with impaired health‐related quality of life (HRQL). Somatostatin analogues reduce hepatomegaly in polycystic liver disease.

Aim

To determine whether somatostatin analogues improve HRQL and to identify factors associated with change in HRQL in polycystic liver disease.

Methods

We pooled data from two randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trials that evaluated HRQL using the Short‐Form 36 (SF‐36) in 96 polycystic liver disease patients treated 6‐12 months with somatostatin analogues or placebo. The SF‐36 contains a summarizing physical and mental component score and was administered at baseline and at the end of treatment. We used random effect models to delineate the effect of somatostatin analogues on HRQL. We determined the effect of demographics, height‐adjusted liver volume, change in liver volume, somatostatin analogue‐associated side effects with change in HRQL. In patients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease, we estimated the effect of height‐adjusted kidney volume and change in kidney volume in relation to HRQL.

Results

Physical component scores improved with somatostatin analogues, but remained unchanged with placebo (3.41 ± 1.29 vs. −0.71 ± 1.54, P = 0.044). Treatment had no impact on the mental component score. Large liver volume was independently associated with larger HRQL decline during follow up (−4.04 ± 2.02 points per logarithm liver volume, P = 0.049). In autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease, patients with large liver and kidney volumes had larger decline in HRQL (5.36 ± 2.54 points per logarithm liver volume; P = 0.040 and −4.00 ± 1.88 per logarithm kidney volume; P = 0.039).

Conclusion

Somatostatin analogues improve HRQL in symptomatic polycystic liver disease. Halting the progressive nature of polycystic liver disease is necessary to prevent further decline of HRQL in severe hepatomegaly.
Facilitation and edge effects influence vegetation regeneration in old‐fields at the tropical Andean forest line
Authors: Bueno Andrea , Llambí Luis D.
Published: July 2015

Questions

Do local plant–plant interactions and facilitation play an important role in vegetation dynamics after disturbance in the high tropical Andes? In particular, does the dominant shrub Baccharis prunifolia have an effect on microclimate and local vegetation structure within old‐fields at the upper forest line? Does distance from the border of the surrounding forests also influence community structure within fallow plots? Is there an interaction between facilitation and edge effects on vegetation regeneration?

Location

Gavidia Valley, Sierra Nevada de Mérida, Venezuela.

Methods

Plant cover, species richness and community structure were compared in circular micro‐plots placed under the canopy of B. prunifolia shrubs and in open areas (12 micro‐plots in each case) both near and far from the forest border within two 10–12 yr successional plots at 3400 m a.s.l. (a total of 96 micro‐plots). Additionally, topsoil temperature was monitored for 1 mo in the four situations under study.

Results

Average and maximum temperature and temperature amplitudes were lower under the canopy of B. prunifolia shrubs than in open areas; this effect being more marked far from the forest edge. Species richness, vegetation cover and the density of dominant forest trees were higher under the shrubs’ canopy than in the inter‐shrub spaces. The proximity to the edge of the surrounding forest also had a positive effect on species richness, with no significant interaction with the local sampling situation (under shrub vs outside).

Conclusions

Our results suggest that both facilitation and edge effects influence the effectiveness of vegetation regeneration within old‐fields in the high tropical Andes. Consequently, these processes should be considered for interpreting vegetation dynamics in environmental change scenarios at the tropical mountain tree line and for the design of ecological restoration strategies in these high‐diversity ecotones, which have been subjected to large‐scale anthropogenic transformations in recent decades.
Significance of P‐cadherin overexpression and possible mechanism of its regulation in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma and pancreatic cancer
Authors: Sakamoto Keita , Imai Katsunori , Higashi Takaaki , Taki Katunobu , Nakagawa Shigeki , Okabe Hirohisa , Nitta Hidetoshi , Hayashi Hiromitsu , Chikamoto Akira , Ishiko Takatoshi , Beppu Toru , Baba Hideo
Published: July 2015

It has become evident that P‐cadherin, one of the classical cadherins, contributes to the malignant behavior of several types of cancer. In this study, we analyzed the expression of P‐cadherin and its clinicopathological and prognostic values in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) and pancreatic cancer. Furthermore, we investigated the functional role of P‐cadherin in these cancer cells by knockdown and overexpression in vitro and by analyzing the correlation between the P‐cadherin expression and its promoter methylation status. Thirty of 59 ICC cases (51%) and 36 of 73 pancreatic cancer cases (49%) stained positive for P‐cadherin with mainly membranous distribution in tumor cells by immunohistochemistry. P‐cadherin expression was significantly correlated with several clinicopathological factors, which reflect tumor behavior, and was identified as an independent adverse prognostic factor for disease‐free survival in patients with ICC (relative risk [RR] 2.93, P = 0.04) and pancreatic cancer (RR 2.68, P = 0.005) via multivariate analyses. P‐cadherin downregulation by siRNA suppressed migration and invasion, and P‐cadherin overexpression induced the opposite effects in both ICC and pancreatic cancer cells, without any effects on cell proliferation. P‐cadherin expression was related to its promoter methylation status in both cell lines and cancer tissues. In summary, P‐cadherin overexpression may serve as a useful biomarker of invasive phenotype and poor prognosis; P‐cadherin expression was found to be regulated by its promoter methylation. These results suggest that P‐cadherin represents a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of ICC and pancreatic cancer.
The association of depression and anxiety with dental caries and periodontal disease among Finnish adults
Authors: Delgado‐Angulo Elsa K. , Sabbah Wael , Suominen Anna L. , Vehkalahti Miira M. , Knuuttila Matti , Partonen Timo , Nordblad Anne , Sheiham Aubrey , Watt Richard G. , Tsakos Georgios
Published: July 2015

Objective

To explore the association of depression and anxiety with two oral health outcomes, dental caries and periodontal disease and assess possible mediators for any of the associations.

Methods

Secondary analysis of the Finnish Health 2000 Survey. Depression was assessed with Beck's Depression Inventory and anxiety with Composite International Diagnostic Interview. Number of decayed teeth included carious lesions reaching dentine; periodontal disease was number of teeth with periodontal pockets of 4 mm or deeper. Third molars were excluded. The association of mental disorders and oral health was tested in regression models adjusted for confounders and potential mediators.

Results

Depression was associated with number of decayed teeth only among 35‐ to 54‐year‐olds. The association between anxiety and the number of decayed teeth was not statistically significant. Depression and periodontal pocketing were not significantly associated.

Conclusion

Depression was significantly associated with number of decayed teeth only among participants aged 35–54 old and not with other age groups. Neither depression nor anxiety was significantly related to periodontal disease.
The Occurrence Rate and Diameter of Arteries Traveling Near the Mandible and an Assessment of the Relative Hemorrhage Risk in Implant Surgery
Authors: Katsumi Yuji , Takagi Ritsuo , Ohshima Hayato
Published: July 2015

Background

Bleeding in the floor of the mouth during implant surgery is attributed to arterial injuries in the sublingual space.

Purpose

This study aimed to assess the relative hemorrhage risk during implant surgery.

Materials and Methods

We investigated the occurrence rate and diameter of submental and sublingual arteries with special reference to their relationship with the course patterns of these arteries using 26 human cadavers.

Results

Three types of arteries were distinguished: main duct (MD), mucoperiosteal branches (MB), and cortical branches (CB). The occurrence rate of MB and CB was significantly high at the central incisor region in the upper part of the mylohyoid muscle, whereas the diameter of the MB and CB was significantly smaller than the occurrence rate of MD at the incisor regions. The occurrence rate of MD in the submental artery was significantly higher at the lateral incisor, canine, and premolar regions in the lower parts, whereas the occurrence rate of MD was significantly lower at the second and third molars in the upper parts.

Conclusion

The susceptibility of the submental artery to injury is suggested at the incisors, canine, premolars, and first molar regions during implant surgery.
Non‐aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage in 173 patients: a prospective study of long‐term outcome
Authors: Konczalla J. , Schmitz J. , Kashefiolasl S. , Senft C. , Seifert V. , Platz J.
Published: July 2015

Background and purpose

In some patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) a bleeding source cannot be identified. Perimesencephalic (PM) SAH is assumed to have an excellent outcome. Our objective was to analyze the long‐term physical and psychological outcome of patients after non‐aneurysmal SAH.

Methods

One hundred and seventy‐three patients met the inclusion criteria. Short‐term follow‐up 6 months after SAH was assessed according to the modified Rankin Scale (0–2 favorable). A short‐form health survey with 36 questions (SF‐36) and eight scales was used as questionnaire for long‐term follow‐up.

Results

Thirty‐seven answers were received from the two groups, PM and non‐perimesencephalic (NPM) SAH, on average 76 months after ictus (range 1.5–14 years). PM‐ and NPM‐SAH without Fisher grade 3 blood pattern have excellent short‐term outcomes. The quality of life (QoL) is significantly reduced after non‐aneurysmal SAH, especially in NPM‐SAH. In particular, patients with a Fisher 3 blood pattern had significantly higher risks for cerebral vasospasm, delayed cerebral ischaemia, unfavorable outcome, reduced QoL and mortality in short‐ and long‐term follow‐up.

Conclusions

Excluding rolph, only patients with a PM‐SAH have a similar QoL at long‐term follow‐up compared to the standard population. Patients with NPM‐SAH have a significantly decreased QoL in long‐term follow‐up. Furthermore, the Fisher 3 blood pattern group in particular had a significantly worse outcome − at short‐term and long‐term follow‐up. Therefore the NPM‐SAH group was stratified into patients with Fisher 3 blood pattern and patients without Fisher 3 in further investigations.
Foldback reflectors near methane hydrate bottom‐simulating reflectors: Indicators of gas distribution from 3D seismic images in the eastern Nankai Trough
Authors: Otsuka Hironori , Morita Sumito , Tanahashi Manabu , Ashi Juichiro
Published: July 2015

Understanding of fluid behavior and gas distribution in the shallow subsurface are important considerations in gas hydrate formation and the global carbon cycle. Estimation of gas distribution based on reflection seismic surveys, however, is difficult because the boundary of a gas‐bearing zone is indistinct and not systematically defined. This study reports distinctive features related to gas‐hydrate distribution and possible fluid migration in high‐resolution 3D seismic‐reflection data from sediments of the eastern Nankai Trough. These features, here termed foldback reflectors (FBRs), descend in accordion shaped reflectors near the edges of bottom‐simulating reflectors (BSRs). FBRs generally correspond to lateral boundaries between two seismic facies, a ‘dimmed’ facies with relatively low amplitude and subdued high‐frequency components beneath the BSR and the contrasting facies around the BSR. The dimmed facies corresponds to areas of anomalously low velocity consistent with a small amount of free gas. FBR is mostly developed in well‐stratified formations in uplifted regions. Dip directions of the FBR appear to be restricted by orientation of the host formations. Edges of the FBR often correspond to high‐amplitude layers. Such occurrences of FBR suggest that regional uplift and layer‐parallel fluid migration are related to the formation of FBR as well as BSR.
Tectonic reconstruction of batholith formation based on the spatiotemporal distribution of Cretaceous–Paleogene granitic rocks in southwestern Japan
Authors: Iida Kazuya , Iwamori Hikaru , Orihashi Yuji , Park Taeho , Jwa Yong‐Joo , Kwon Sung‐Tack , Danhara Tohru , Iwano Hideki
Published: July 2015

The spatiotemporal distribution of Cretaceous–Paleogene granitic rocks in southwestern Japan is investigated to understand the origin of the granitic batholith belt and to reconstruct the tectonic setting of emplacement. New U–Pb zircon ages for 92 samples collected from a region measuring 50 km (E–W) by 200 km (N–S) reveals a stepwise northward younging of granitic rocks aged between 95 and 30 Ma with an age‐data gap between 60 and 48 Ma. Based on the spatiotemporal distribution of granite ages, we examine two plausible models to explain the pattern of magmatic activity: (i) subduction of a segmented spreading ridge and subsequent slab melting (ridge‐subduction model), and (ii) subduction with a temporally variable subduction angle and corresponding spatial distribution of normal arc magmatism (subduction angle model). We optimize the model parameters to fit the observed magmatism in time and space, and compare the best‐fit models. As to ridge subduction model, the best‐fit solution indicates that the spreading ridge started to subduct at approximately 100 Ma, and involved a 45‐km‐wide section of the ridge segment, a subduction obliquity of 30°, and a slow migration velocity (∼1.6 cm/y) of the ridge. These values are within the ranges of velocities observed for present‐day ridge subduction at the Chile trench. On the other hand, the best‐fit solution of subduction angle model indicates that the subduction angle decreases stepwise from 37° at 95 Ma, 32° at 87 Ma, 22° at 72 Ma, to 20° at 65 Ma, shifting magmatic region towards the continental side. These results and comparison, together with constraints on the geometry of the tectonic setting provided by previous studies, suggest that the ridge subduction model better explains the limited duration of magmatism, although both models broadly fit the data and cannot be ruled out.
Extensive normal faulting during exhumation revealed by the spatial variation of phengite K–Ar ages in the Sambagawa metamorphic rocks, central Shikoku, SW Japan
Authors: Takeshita Toru , Yagi Koshi , Gouzu Chitaro , Hyodo Hironobu , Itaya Tetsumaru
Published: July 2015

Metamorphic rocks experience change in the mode of deformation from ductile flow to brittle failure during their exhumation. We investigated the spatial variation of phengite K–Ar ages of pelitic schist of the Sambagawa metamorphic rocks (sensu lato) from the Saruta River area, central Shikoku, to evaluate if those ages are disturbed by faults or not. As a result, we found that these ages change by ca 5 my across the two boundaries between the lower‐garnet and albite–biotite, and the albite–biotite and upper‐garnet zones. These spatial changes in phengite K–Ar ages were perhaps caused by truncation of the metamorphic layers by large‐scale normal faulting at D2 phase under the brittle‐ductile transition conditions (ca 300°C) during exhumation, because an actinolite rock was formed along a fault near the former boundary. Assuming that the horizontal metamorphic layers and a previously estimated exhumation rate of 1 km/my before the D2 phase, the change of 5 my in phengite K–Ar ages is converted to a displacement of about 10 km along the north‐dipping, low‐angle normal fault documented in the previous study. Phengite 40Ar–39Ar ages (ca 85 to 78 Ma) in the actinolite rock could be reasonably comparable to the phengite K–Ar ages of the surrounding non‐faulted pelitic schist, because the K–Ar ages of pelitic schist could have been also reset at temperatures close to the brittle–ductile transition conditions far below the closure temperature for thermal retention of argon in phengite (about 500–600°C).
Dating of altered mafic intrusions by applying a zircon fission track thermochronometer to baked country rock, and implications for the timing of volcanic activity during the opening of the Japan Sea
Authors: Hoshi Hiroyuki , Iwano Hideki , Danhara Tohru , Iwata Naoyoshi
Published: July 2015

Once a mafic intrusive rock has become altered, it is generally difficult to obtain a reliable intrusion age using conventional isotopic dating methods. To overcome this problem, this study used zircon fission track (ZFT) thermochronometry to determine the timing of crystallization of altered mafic intrusions. ZFT dating was carried out on samples of baked granite country rock adjacent to dolerite dikes (5–10 m thick) in the Takato area of central Japan. Three granite samples collected within 8 mm of a dike contact yielded consistent ZFT ages of 17–16 Ma, with confined track lengths indicative of the complete annealing of pre‐existing tracks by reheating due to dike intrusion. An older ZFT age was obtained for one granite sample collected within 20 mm of the contact, but confined track length measurements indicate that this is an incompletely reset age that lies between the ZFT age of the unbaked granitic country rocks (ca. 55 Ma) and the emplacement age of the dike. Petrographic examinations suggest that post‐intrusion hydrothermal activity did not influence the ZFT ages. We conclude that the 17–16 Ma ZFT age represents the emplacement age of the dikes. Our results show that ZFT dating of baked country rock is an effective tool for dating altered mafic intrusions, for which other dating techniques are not applicable. In the eastern part of Southwest Japan, dispersed volcanic activity occurred in the late Early to early Middle Miocene (18–15 Ma), and the volcanic belt extended into the forearc. This pulse of activity was possibly related to the injection of asthenospheric material into the trench‐side mantle wedge beneath the Japan arc. We also present young apatite fission track ages (ca. 4 Ma) that may reflect a Middle Miocene or later thermal event associated with local magmatic activity near the Takato area.
Synthesis and Spectroscopy of Nd3+‐Doped Tellurite‐Based Glasses
Authors: Bilir Gökhan
Published: July 2015

This study presents a spectroscopic investigation of tellurite glasses which contain Nd3+ ions. The investigation was directed to the characterization of the glasses and to the study of the spectral emission from Nd3+ ions. The band gap energies for both direct and indirect possible transitions and the Urbach energies were measured. As for Nd3+, the absorption, emission, and response to pulsed excitation measurements were performed and the results are reported. The absorption spectra of the samples were analyzed using the Judd–Ofelt approach.
International Business and National Culture: A Literature Review and Research Agenda
Authors: López‐Duarte Cristina , Vidal‐Suárez Marta M. , González‐Díaz Belén
Published: July 2015

This literature review analyzes leading international business and management journals from 2000 to 2012 in order to explore the role of national culture in international business research. Through the analysis of the 265 selected articles, the study thematically maps the field and identifies research challenges and opportunities. It reflects on avenues for future research related to both thematic and methodological issues, among them: research focused on the impact of the home/host national culture on internationalization processes (as existing literature mainly focuses on cultural distance); the role to be played by new theoretical frameworks; and the need to consider cultural positions and cultural friction rather than traditional cultural distance when analyzing internationalization decisions.
Evolution of the Debate on Control Enhancing Mechanisms: A Systematic Review and Bibliometric Analysis
Authors: Saggese Sara , Sarto Fabrizia , Cuccurullo Corrado
Published: July 2015

This paper aims to assess the state of the art, the structure and the evolution of the debate on control enhancing mechanisms (hereafter CEMs). It combines bibliometric and qualitative methodologies to analyze 210 articles published in scientific journals up to 2014. The findings show that the academics’ interest has increased over time, and the research has simultaneously developed along two main poles: antecedents and consequences of the proportionality principle. The analyses also reveal that the debate stems from the US studies on the legal principles of disproportionate ownership devices at the end of 19th century, and has been strongly fueled by the ‘law and finance’ theorists. This paper has both theoretical and practical implications. First, it provides insights into underexplored issues where future research efforts could be focused. Second, it supports new policy‐making interventions to CEMs and encourages investor regulation and corporate transparency.
Investigation on Resonant Vibration Performances of Fe‐Doped BiScO3–PbTiO3 Ceramics in High‐Temperature Environment
Authors: Wu Jingen , Yu Yang , Li Xiaotian , Gao Xiangyu , Dong Shuxiang
Published: July 2015

The high‐temperature performance of a series of Fe‐doped BiScO3‐PbTiO3 (BSPT) piezoelectric ceramics at the morphotropic phase boundary was investigated. The effects of different Fe contents on the piezoceramics were assessed with regard to variations in structure, morphology, dielectric properties, piezoelectric properties, and high‐temperature resonant vibration. X‐ray diffraction (XRD) results indicated that the Fe‐doped BSPT ceramics show a single perovskite structure and that the c/a ratio undergoes a slight increase with increasing Fe concentrations. It was also found that, as the proportion of Fe in the ceramics was increased, the grain size was enlarged somewhat, the dielectric loss (tan δ) decreased, the mechanical quality factor (Qm) was gradually improved, and the Curie temperature (TC) was increased from 426°C to approximately 460°C. Despite these complex effects, it was evident that Fe doping can improve the high‐temperature resonant vibration performance of BSPT ceramics, and that these materials exhibit stable resonant vibration velocities at temperatures as high as 225°C. Our results indicate that Fe‐doped BSPT ceramics have the potential to be used as piezoelectric power devices intended for high‐temperature environments.
Immense plasticity of timing of breeding in a sedentary forest passerine, Poecile palustris
Authors: Wesołowski Tomasz , Cholewa Marta , Hebda Grzegorz , Maziarz Marta , Rowiński Patryk
Published: July 2015

Numerous bird species have advanced their breeding seasons in response to climate warming. These changes were mostly brought about by phenotypic plasticity, i.e. flexible reactions of individual birds, rather than by microevolutionary change. Knowing the limits of plasticity is thus of paramount importance in any attempt to predict possible reactions of birds to climate warming. However, the breeding performance of the same individuals in contrasting environmental conditions, necessary to answer this question, is rarely observed. Here, we provide data on the flexibility in timing of egg‐laying of individual marsh tit Poecile palustris females breeding in an extremely late (2013) and early (2014) spring in Białowieża National Park (Poland). In both years the birds stayed in the same places in the primeval old‐growth forest, free of direct human influences (no nest‐boxes, no additional food). The weather variation was within the range of conditions observed during 40 yr in the study area, and no climate warming occurred in the marsh tit's pre‐breeding period. Females (n = 16) shifted the onset of laying by 13–23 (median = 20) days between the seasons. This range of individual flexibility encompasses almost the whole latitudinal range of the breeding dates found across Europe. Such a buffer of plasticity would probably be sufficient for marsh tits to adjust the onset of egg‐laying to the forecasted range of climate change. A combination of temperature and photoperiod appears to be involved in fine tuning of the birds’ breeding times with spring conditions, but how the birds asses and integrate this information remains poorly understood.
CEO Risk‐Taking Incentives and the Cost of Equity Capital
Authors: Chen Yangyang , Truong Cameron , Veeraraghavan Madhu
Published: July 2015

In this paper, we show that the sensitivities of an executive's wealth to changes in stock prices (deltas) decrease the implied cost of equity capital while the sensitivities of an executive's wealth to changes in stock volatility (vegas) increase the implied cost of equity capital. Our findings demonstrate that shareholders understand the risks of firms’ future projects as embedded in executive compensation and price these risks into the cost of equity capital accordingly. The findings have strong implications for optimal executive compensation contract design, project evaluation and cost of capital estimation.