bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mapping of Crowdsourcing in Health: Systematic Review
Authors: Créquit Perrine , Mansouri Ghizlène , Benchoufi Mehdi , Vivot Alexandre , Ravaud Philippe
Published: September 2020

Background

Crowdsourcing involves obtaining ideas, needed services, or content by soliciting Web-based contributions from a crowd. The 4 types of crowdsourced tasks (problem solving, data processing, surveillance or monitoring, and surveying) can be applied in the 3 categories of health (promotion, research, and care).

Objective

This study aimed to map the different applications of crowdsourcing in health to assess the fields of health that are using crowdsourcing and the crowdsourced tasks used. We also describe the logistics of crowdsourcing and the characteristics of crowd workers.

Methods

MEDLINE, EMBASE, and ClinicalTrials.gov were searched for available reports from inception to March 30, 2016, with no restriction on language or publication status.

Results

We identified 202 relevant studies that used crowdsourcing, including 9 randomized controlled trials, of which only one had posted results at ClinicalTrials.gov. Crowdsourcing was used in health promotion (91/202, 45.0%), research (73/202, 36.1%), and care (38/202, 18.8%). The 4 most frequent areas of application were public health (67/202, 33.2%), psychiatry (32/202, 15.8%), surgery (22/202, 10.9%), and oncology (14/202, 6.9%). Half of the reports (99/202, 49.0%) referred to data processing, 34.6% (70/202) referred to surveying, 10.4% (21/202) referred to surveillance or monitoring, and 5.9% (12/202) referred to problem-solving. Labor market platforms (eg, Amazon Mechanical Turk) were used in most studies (190/202, 94%). The crowd workers’ characteristics were poorly reported, and crowdsourcing logistics were missing from two-thirds of the reports. When reported, the median size of the crowd was 424 (first and third quartiles: 167-802); crowd workers’ median age was 34 years (32-36). Crowd workers were mainly recruited nationally, particularly in the United States. For many studies (58.9%, 119/202), previous experience in crowdsourcing was required, and passing a qualification test or training was seldom needed (11.9% of studies; 24/202). For half of the studies, monetary incentives were mentioned, with mainly less than US $1 to perform the task. The time needed to perform the task was mostly less than 10 min (58.9% of studies; 119/202). Data quality validation was used in 54/202 studies (26.7%), mainly by attention check questions or by replicating the task with several crowd workers.

Conclusions

The use of crowdsourcing, which allows access to a large pool of participants as well as saving time in data collection, lowering costs, and speeding up innovations, is increasing in health promotion, research, and care. However, the description of crowdsourcing logistics and crowd workers’ characteristics is frequently missing in study reports and needs to be precisely reported to better interpret the study findings and replicate them.
Initiatives, Concepts, and Implementation Practices of FAIR (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, and Reusable) Data Principles in Health Data Stewardship Practice: Protocol for a Scoping Review (Preprint)
Authors: Inau Esther Thea , Sack Jean , Waltemath Dagmar , Zeleke Atinkut Alamirrew
Published: September 2020

BACKGROUND

Data stewardship is an essential driver of research and clinical practice. Data collection, storage, access, sharing, and analytics are dependent on the proper and consistent use of data management principles among the investigators. Since 2016, the FAIR (findable, accessible, interoperable, and reusable) guiding principles for research data management have been resonating in scientific communities. Enabling data to be findable, accessible, interoperable, and reusable is currently believed to strengthen data sharing, reduce duplicated efforts, and move toward harmonization of data from heterogeneous unconnected data silos. FAIR initiatives and implementation trends are rising in different facets of scientific domains. It is important to understand the concepts and implementation practices of the FAIR data principles as applied to human health data by studying the flourishing initiatives and implementation lessons relevant to improved health research, particularly for data sharing during the coronavirus pandemic.

OBJECTIVE

This paper aims to conduct a scoping review to identify concepts, approaches, implementation experiences, and lessons learned in FAIR initiatives in the health data domain.

METHODS

The Arksey and O’Malley stage-based methodological framework for scoping reviews will be used for this review. PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar will be searched to access relevant primary and grey publications. Articles written in English and published from 2014 onwards with FAIR principle concepts or practices in the health domain will be included. Duplication among the 3 data sources will be removed using a reference management software. The articles will then be exported to a systematic review management software. At least two independent authors will review the eligibility of each article based on defined inclusion and exclusion criteria. A pretested charting tool will be used to extract relevant information from the full-text papers. Qualitative thematic synthesis analysis methods will be employed by coding and developing themes. Themes will be derived from the research questions and contents in the included papers.

RESULTS

The results will be reported using the PRISMA-ScR (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews) reporting guidelines. We anticipate finalizing the manuscript for this work in 2021.

CONCLUSIONS

We believe comprehensive information about the FAIR data principles, initiatives, implementation practices, and lessons learned in the FAIRification process in the health domain is paramount to supporting both evidence-based clinical practice and research transparency in the era of big data and open research publishing.

INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT

PRR1-10.2196/22505
Perceptions of Endocrine Therapy in African-American Breast Cancer Survivors: Mixed Methods Study (Preprint)
Authors: Donevant Sara , Heiney Sue P , Wineglass Cassandra , Schooley Benjamin , Singh Akanksha , Sheng Jingxi
Published: September 2020

BACKGROUND

Although the incidence of breast cancer is lower in African-American women than in White women, African-American women have a decreased survival rate. The difference in survival rate may stem from poor endocrine therapy adherence, which increases breast cancer recurrence. Therefore, accessible and culturally sensitive interventions to increase endocrine therapy adherence are necessary.

OBJECTIVE

The purpose of this concurrent convergent mixed methods study was to provide further data to guide the development of the proposed culturally sensitive mHealth app, STORY+ for African-American women with breast cancer.

METHODS

We recruited 20 African-American women diagnosed with estrogen-positive breast cancer and currently prescribed endocrine therapy. We used a concurrent convergent data collection method to (1) assess the use of smartphones and computers related to health care and (2) identify foundational aspects to support endocrine therapy adherence for incorporation in a mobile health app.

RESULTS

Overwhelmingly, the participants preferred using smartphones to using computers for health care. Communicating with health care providers and pharmacies was the most frequent health care use of smartphones, followed by exercise tracking, and accessing the patient portal. We identified 4 aspects of adherence to endocrine therapy and smartphone use for incorporation in app development. The factors that emerged from the integrated qualitative and quantitative data were (1) willingness to use, (2) side effects, (3) social connection, and (4) beliefs about endocrine therapy.

CONCLUSIONS

Further research is needed to develop a culturally sensitive app for African-American women with breast cancer to improve adherence to endocrine therapy. Our work strongly suggests that this population would use the app to connect with other African-American breast cancer survivors and manage endocrine therapy.
Designing a Personalized Health Dashboard: Interdisciplinary and Participatory Approach (Preprint)
Authors: Weijers Miriam , Bastiaenen Caroline , Feron Frans , Schröder Kay
Published: September 2020

BACKGROUND

Within the Dutch Child Health Care (CHC), an online tool (360° CHILD-profile) is designed to enhance prevention and transformation toward personalized health care. From a personalized preventive perspective, it is of fundamental importance to timely identify children with emerging health problems interrelated to multiple health determinants. While digitalization of children’s health data is now realized, the accessibility of data remains a major challenge for CHC professionals, let alone for parents/youth. Therefore, the idea was initiated from CHC practice to develop a novel approach to make relevant information accessible at a glance.

OBJECTIVE

This paper describes the stepwise development of a dashboard, as an example of using a design model to achieve visualization of a comprehensive overview of theoretically structured health data.

METHODS

Developmental process is based on the nested design model with involvement of relevant stakeholders in a real-life context. This model considers immediate upstream validation within 4 cascading design levels: Domain Problem and Data Characterization, Operation and Data Type Abstraction, Visual Encoding and Interaction Design, and Algorithm Design. This model also includes impact-oriented downstream validation, which can be initiated after delivering the prototype.

RESULTS

A comprehensible 360° CHILD-profile is developed: an online accessible visualization of CHC data based on the theoretical concept of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health. This dashboard provides caregivers and parents/youth with a holistic view on children’s health and “entry points” for preventive, individualized health plans.

CONCLUSIONS

Describing this developmental process offers guidance on how to utilize the nested design model within a health care context.
Use and Control of Artificial Intelligence in Patients Across the Medical Workflow: Single-Center Questionnaire Study of Patient Perspectives (Preprint)
Authors: Lennartz Simon , Dratsch Thomas , Zopfs David , Persigehl Thorsten , Maintz David , Große Hokamp Nils , Pinto dos Santos Daniel
Published: September 2020

BACKGROUND

Artificial intelligence (AI) is gaining increasing importance in many medical specialties, yet data on patients’ opinions on the use of AI in medicine are scarce.

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to investigate patients’ opinions on the use of AI in different aspects of the medical workflow and the level of control and supervision under which they would deem the application of AI in medicine acceptable.

METHODS

Patients scheduled for computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging voluntarily participated in an anonymized questionnaire between February 10, 2020, and May 24, 2020. Patient information, confidence in physicians vs AI in different clinical tasks, opinions on the control of AI, preference in cases of disagreement between AI and physicians, and acceptance of the use of AI for diagnosing and treating diseases of different severity were recorded.

RESULTS

In total, 229 patients participated. Patients favored physicians over AI for all clinical tasks except for treatment planning based on current scientific evidence. In case of disagreement between physicians and AI regarding diagnosis and treatment planning, most patients preferred the physician’s opinion to AI (96.2% [153/159] vs 3.8% [6/159] and 94.8% [146/154] vs 5.2% [8/154], respectively; P=.001). AI supervised by a physician was considered more acceptable than AI without physician supervision at diagnosis (confidence rating 3.90 [SD 1.20] vs 1.64 [SD 1.03], respectively; P=.001) and therapy (3.77 [SD 1.18] vs 1.57 [SD 0.96], respectively; P=.001).

CONCLUSIONS

Patients favored physicians over AI in most clinical tasks and strongly preferred an application of AI with physician supervision. However, patients acknowledged that AI could help physicians integrate the most recent scientific evidence into medical care. Application of AI in medicine should be disclosed and controlled to protect patient interests and meet ethical standards.
Smartphone-Based Virtual Agents to Help Individuals With Sleep Concerns During COVID-19 Confinement: Feasibility Study (Preprint)
Authors: Philip Pierre , Dupuy Lucile , Morin Charles M , de Sevin Etienne , Bioulac Stéphanie , Taillard Jacques , Serre Fuschia , Auriacombe Marc , Micoulaud-Franchi Jean-Arthur
Published: September 2020

BACKGROUND

The COVID-19 crisis and consequent confinement restrictions have caused significant psychosocial stress and reports of sleep complaints, which require early management, have increased during recent months. To help individuals concerned about their sleep, we developed a smartphone-based app called KANOPEE that allows users to interact with a virtual agent dedicated to autonomous screening and delivering digital behavioral interventions.

OBJECTIVE

Our objective was to assess the feasibility of this app, in terms of inclusion rate, follow-up rate, perceived trust and acceptance of the virtual agent, and effects of the intervention program, in the context of COVID-19 confinement in France.

METHODS

The virtual agent is an artificial intelligence program using decision tree architecture and interacting through natural body motion and natural voice. A total of 2069 users aged 18 years and above downloaded the free app during the study period (April 22 to May 5, 2020). These users first completed a screening interview based on the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) conducted by the virtual agent. If the users were positive for insomnia complaints (ISI score >14), they were eligible to join the 2-stage intervention program: (1) complete an electronic sleep diary for 1 week and (2) follow personalized sleep recommendations for 10 days. We collected and analyzed the following measures: sociodemographic information, ISI scores and sleep/wake schedules, and acceptance and trust of the agent.

RESULTS

Approximately 76% (1574/2069) of the app users completed the screening interview with the virtual agent. The virtual agent was well accepted by 27.4% (431/1574) of the users who answered the acceptance and trust questionnaires on its usability, satisfaction, benevolence, and credibility. Of the 773 screened users who reported sleep complaints (ISI score >14), 166 (21.5%) followed Step 1 of the intervention, and only 47 of those (28.3%) followed Step 2. Users who completed Step 1 found that their insomnia complaints (baseline mean ISI score 18.56, mean ISI score after Step 1 15.99; P<.001) and nocturnal sleep quality improved significantly after 1 week. Users who completed Step 2 also showed an improvement compared to the initial measures (baseline mean ISI score 18.87, mean ISI score after Step 2 14.68; P<.001). Users that were most severely affected (ISI score >21) did not respond to either intervention.

CONCLUSIONS

These preliminary results suggest that the KANOPEE app is a promising solution to screen populations for sleep complaints and that it provides acceptable and practical behavioral advice for individuals reporting moderately severe insomnia.
Virgen, monarquía y predicador en Patrocinio de María Santísima de Juan Millán de Poblete
Authors: Taiano Campoverde Leonor
Published: September 2020

An analytical overview of the textual and paratextual elements of Patrocinio de María Santísima is presented, this sermon was written and preached by Juan Millan de Poblete in the city of Mexico in 1693. Therefore, this research adopts a Philological approach. The study starts from the premise that this text constitutes an example of the homiletics produced in New Spain at the end of the seventeenth century. This research pays particular attention to the role that Mariology plays within the text and how this Mariology is combined with motifs that enhance the importance of the Spanish monarchy, the Spanish authorities and the subjects of the Spanish King. The text highlights the supposed saving mission of Spaniards, new God’s chosen people, to spread the gospel. Lastly, this paper dives on the theotokos, Mary’s function of mediator between God and the human family, her role of helper of the Christians and her connection to the imperial theology.
Karakter Fisikokimia Agar-Agar dari Rumput Laut Gracilaria sp. dengan Variasi Air Kelapa dan Lama Ekstraksi
Authors: Berliana Shandra , Harini Noor , Anggriani Rista
Published: September 2020

Agar is a complex polysaccharide hydrocolloid that can be obtained from seaweed from the family Gracilaria sp. The function of agar is for gelling agent, thickener, stabilizer. In this research the extraction of agar from seaweed Gracilaria sp. used coconut water is able to reduce sulfate in seaweed, so can improve the properties of gel flour agar. This research was conducted in two stages. The first stage uses a factorial randomized block design consisting of 2 factors with 3 repetitions. The first factor was the ratio of seaweed and the ratio of coconut water (1:25; 1:30; 1:35). The second factor was extraction time (60 minutes, 90 minutes, 120 minutes). The agar extraction results were analyzed for yield, moisture content, ash content, viscosity, and gel strength. The second stage of the study was the application of agar flour to tomato fruit leather used a Simple Randomized Design model with various concentration of agar (0.6%, 0.9%) compared to commercial agar (0.6%, 0.9%). The parameters analyzed were water content, thickness, tensile strength, pH, total dissolved solids, color intensity, and organoleptic (taste, appearance, elasticity, preference). The results showed that there was a significant influence on the ratio of seaweed and coconut water and the extraction time, the agar produced to yield, water content, ash content, viscosity, and gel strength. The best treatment of agar that based on the SNI approach was in the R3T3 treatment, (seaweed: coconut water ratio of 1:35 with extraction time of 120 minutes) with a yield of 32.27%, moisture content of 11.08%, ash content of 3.75%, strength gel 235.51gr / cm2, viscosity 24.09 cP. The second stage of the study, the best results was obtained by adding agar to 0.9% with a moisture content of 8.13%, total dissolved solids 23.79º Brix, pH 4.03, thickness 0.39 mm , tark strength 1.64 N /mm2, color intensity (L) 40.24, (a +) 22.92, (b +) 8.09, taste 5.9 (tasty), elasticity 5.65 (easy to roll), appearance 5,75 (interesting), like 5.4 (like).
UM OLHAR PARA OS PROCESSOS REFERENCIAIS EM CONVERSAS NO WHATSAPP
Authors: Da Silva Aparecida Juliana , Da Silva Ranieri Thaís Ludmila
Published: September 2020

Neste trabalho, nos propomos a analisar os processos referencias construídos em conversas de um grupo de WhatsApp, observando, com atenção, a performance das elaborações referenciais, conforme defendem Mondada e Dubois (2003) e Koch (2004), em contextos multissemióticos. Juntamente com essas discussões, relacionamos esses pressupostos às novas concepções de texto, embasados nos estudos de Cavalcante e Custódio Filho (2010) e nas contribuições de Dionísio (2005) a respeito dos aspectos multimodais da linguagem. Para isso, contamos com prints de conversas de um grupo de família no aplicativo WhatsApp. As interações do grupo foram acompanhadas por um período de aproximadamente 10 dias no mês de março de 2018. Nossos resultados apontam para uma integração entre os modos semióticos, como o verbal e as imagens, no intuito de estabelecer a progressão referencial em conversas no aplicativo WhatsApp. Tal integração corrobora não só com a natureza multissemiótica do texto, mas também nos mostra como os processos textuais se articulam para além do verbal, apontando para a potencialidade da integração das demais semioses como um fator importante para a textualidade.
MULTIMODALIDADE EM LIVRO DIDÁTICO DO ENSINO FUNDAMENTAL E SEU PAPEL NO LETRAMENTO VISUAL
Authors: Vian Jr Orlando , Jandira de Oliveira Costa
Published: September 2020

Este texto apresenta uma análise dos elementos multimodais na abertura de três unidades de um livro didático de língua portuguesa para o ensino fundamental. O ponto de partida para a análise é a noção de multimodalidade. Tomando a proposta da Análise do Discurso Multimodal Sistêmico-Funcional de Painter, Martin e Unsworth (2013), analisamos aspectos relacionados à (i) Integração Intermodal, isto é, à forma como o modo verbal se integra ao modo visual para compor sentidos, além do (ii) Enquadramento em relação aos elementos verbais e visuais no texto e ao (iii) Foco, uma vez que diversos elementos coocorrem e alguns deles recebem maior ou menor foco. Por se tratar de uma proposta com base em multiletramentos, são abordadas, ainda, questões sobre atualizações e ampliações do termo letramento, fundamentado no uso da tecnologia da escrita, que, pelas exigências da contemporaneidade, passa a se reconfigurar em multiletramentos necessários em vista das novas linguagens e tecnologias de comunicação e informação. Inseridos na proposta de multiletramentos, abordamos o letramento visual, que pode ser desenvolvido a partir dos elementos verbo-visuais nas aberturas das unidades do livro didático sob análise. O que os resultados indicam é o livro didático como um rico suporte para a promoção de multiletramentos e de letramento visual. Esse tipo de análise e seus resultados fornecem contribuições significativas tanto para os multiletramentos e, inseridos neste, o letramento visual, quanto para o ensino de línguas, a formação de professores e questões de multimodalidade em materiais didáticos.
A PAISAGEM LINGUÍSTICA E A MULTIMODALIDADE EM FACHADAS DE CASAS DE FESTAS INFANTIS: UM DIÁLOGO POSSÍVEL
Authors: Ponciano Fernandes Cláudia Regina
Published: September 2020

A Política Linguística, na visão de Shohamy (2006), é o principal mecanismo para organizar, gerenciar e manipular os comportamentos da língua, pois consiste em decisões tomadas sobre ela e seus usos na sociedade. Para a autora, existem mecanismos diluídos em regras e regulamentos, na política educacional, nos testes de línguas e no espaço público que funcionam como ferramentas de intermediação entre as ideologias e as práticas de linguagem. Nesse panorama, a essência deste artigo encontra-se no contexto do espaço público, especificamente, fachadas de casas de festas infantis em João Pessoa-PB, compreendidas como paisagens linguísticas. O trabalho apresenta uma análise dessas fachadas, objetivando discutir como estas representam mecanismos de Política Linguística, sinalizando uma diversidade de línguas e de repertórios comunicativos por meio de recursos multimodais, tecendo uma interface entre Política Linguística e Multimodalidade. Busca-se responder: Que línguas estão dispostas nas fachadas de casas de festas infantis na capital paraibana? Quais significados podem ser inferidos a partir da disposição visual dos elementos imagéticos nesses estabelecimentos? A discussão fundamenta-se nos conceitos de Política Linguística (SPOLSKY, 2009; SHOHAMY, 2006), de paisagem linguística (SHOHAMY, 2006), de multimodalidade (KRESS e VAN LEEUWEN, 2006; NASCIMENTO, BEZERRA E HEBERLE, 2011; SILVA E ALMEIDA, 2018) e na Gramática do Design Visual (KRESS e VAN LEEUWEN, 2006) como ferramenta analítica. A pesquisa é de cunho qualitativo-interpretativista, uma vez que descreve, analisa e interpreta os dados concebidos em situação real de interação. O corpus é composto por três fotografias das fachadas de casas de festas infantis na capital paraibana. Os resultados sinalizam uma pequena parcela, entre tantas outras, da diversidade linguística de uma cidade plurilíngue e multicultural que não se restringe unicamente ao inglês como língua hegemônica, mas indica ocorrências do francês e de um novo léxico elaborado em prol do universo infantil. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Paisagem linguística. Multimodalidade. Fachadas.
“FOTOGRAFANDO EM SALA DE AULA”: UMA PROPOSTA DIDÁTICA PELO OLHAR DA MULTIMODALIDADE
Authors: Pinto Ana Cláudia Soares
Published: September 2020

A sociedade contemporânea, de uma maneira geral, tem demonstrado grande preferência pela informação visual. Nas práticas sociais de leitura e de escrita, observamos que a imagem assume posição de destaque, tudo que nos cerca são imagens e como tal, elas nos comunicam muito sobre o mundo em que vivemos e sobre a cultura da qual fazemos parte. Diante desse cenário, apresentamos, neste trabalho, uma reflexão acerca de uma proposta didática com a fotografia pelo viés da multimodalidade. Dessa forma, objetivamos ressaltar a importância do contexto cultural para a construção do sentido do texto imagético e, consequentemente, para a formação crítica do aluno. Sob a orientação teórico-metodológica da multimodalidade e do contexto visual, representada principalmente pelos trabalhos de Almeida (2008), Dionísio (2005), Kress & Van Leeuwen (1996), Rojo (2012) e Vieira (2007) analisamos trechos de um diário de campo da professora pesquisadora e produções textuais dos alunos visando observar aspectos das atividades realizadas que proporcionam uma visão de leitura e de produção respaldada pela multimodalidade. O estudo aponta para o desenvolvimento de uma consciência crítica por parte dos alunos a partir da orientação multimodal e para a necessidade de se repensar as práticas de sala de aula tendo em vista a consideração de todas as formas de representação presentes na composição do texto que são tão portadoras de significado quanto à linguagem verbal escrita.
Melih Cevdet Anday'ın "İkaros'un Ölümü" Adlı Şiirinde Göstergelerarası Etkileşim
Authors: Soylu Hüseyin
Published: September 2020

Göstergelerarasılık, yapı ve ortam açısından birbirlerinden farklı olan sanat dallarının etkileşimini ve paylaşımını niteleyen eleştirel bir modeldir. Belirli bir sanat yapıtı içerisinde ortaya çıkan türler arası estetik nitelikleri, vurguları ve çağrışımları işaret eder. Bu anlamda göstergelerarasılık ortak bir estetik hafızadan ve birikimden beslenir. Resim sanatı potansiyel olarak göstergelerarası yeniden-üretime olanak tanıyan önemli bir estetik türdür. Özellikle yazınsal bağlamda şiir ile yoğun bir ilişki içerisinde olmuştur. Ekfrasis, resim ve yazın arasındaki göstergelerarası etkileşimin temel zeminidir. Görsel sanatların özellikle resmin, sözel bir tasarımı ve yazınsal yeniden-üretimi anlamına gelir. Türk şiirinde ortaya çıkan yenileşme hareketleri ile birlikte şiir, göstergelerarası etkileşim bağlamında diğer sanat dallarıyla daha yoğun bir ilişki içerisine girer. Bu anlamda ekfrastik yaratım süreci, estetik kapsamını modern şiir ile birlikte genişletir. Yaşlı Pieter Bruegel, peyzaj tasarımları ve kırsal hayata ilişkin tasvirleri ile tanınan Rönesans ressamıdır. “İkaros’un Düşüşü Sırasında Bir Manzara” adlı resmi ile Melih Cevdet Anday’ın “İkaros’un Ölümü” adlı şiirine ilham kaynağı olmuştur. Bu çalışmada Melih Cevdet Anday’ın “İkaros’un Ölümü” adlı şiiri, Yaşlı Pieter Bruegel’in resmi dikkate alınarak göstergelerarası etkileşim ve ekfrasis bağlamında incelenecektir.
Çizgiyi Aşan Kahramanlar: Türk Destanlarında Düşman Yaratma Eylemi Üzerine Bir D
Authors: Duman Mustafa
Published: September 2020

Bu çalışma, Türk dünyası destanları örnekleminde “düşman yaratma” eyleminin kökenlerini tahlil etmeyi ve bu eylemin gerçek dünya ile ilişkisini belirli örnekler üzerinden ortaya koymayı esas almaktadır. Geniş kapsamlı bir inceleme ortaya koymak için, Türk dünyasının farklı bölgelerinden seçilen 30 destan metninden faydalanılmıştır. Tüm örneklere yer vermek mümkün olmadığı için, makale içerisinde düşman yaratma eyleminin tipik örneklerini içeren Oğuz Kağan Destanı, Anadolu sahası Köroğlu Destanı, Kırgızların Manas ve Kocacaş destanları, Başkurtların Koblan Batır Destanı ve Türk dünyasının ortak destanı olarak görülen Dede Korkut Kitabı’ndan örneklere yer verilmiştir. Diğer pek çok çalışmadan farklı olarak bu makalede destanlardaki düşman tipler kendi sergiledikleri eylemlere bağlı olarak değil, kahramanın eylemleri karşısında takındıkları tavırlar üzerinden tasnif edilmiştir. “Klasik düşman”, “mağdur düşman”, “asi düşman” ve “masum/pasif düşman” kategorileri de böylesi bir tasnif girişimi neticesinde ortaya çıkmıştır. Makalede, ayrıca, destan kahramanın neden her zaman olumlu/iyi olarak tasarlandığı hakkında tartışmalar yürütülmüştür. Çünkü böylesi bir kahraman tasarımı halk anlatılarında “düşmanlaştırma” ya da “ötekileştirme”nin ortaya çıkmasının temel sebebidir ve tutarlı bir düşman tasnifi ortaya koyabilmek için kahramanın sorgulanamaz iyiliğinin nedenleri hakkında fikir sahibi olmamız gerekmektedir. Çalışmada temas edilen bu hususların tamamı aslında, klasik çalışmalardan farklı olarak çatışmanın olumsuz/kötü tarafından olaylara bakıldığında nasıl bir tabloyla karşılaşılacağı sorusuna yanıt arama girişimi olarak kabul edilebilir. Daha öz bir ifadeyle, bu makale; “Düşman neden düşmanlık yapar?” sorusuna tutarlı cevaplar verme iddiasındadır. Bu hususlar temelinde oluşturulan bu çalışmayla; Türk destanlarını farklı bir bakış açısıyla inceleyerek bir düşman tasnifi ortaya koymak, çatışma olgusunun temellerini daha iyi anlamak, kurgusal dünya ve gerçek hayattaki çatışmanın kökenleri hakkında özgün görüşler sunmak ve bu iki farklı dünyanın birbiri üzerindeki etkilerini değerlendirmek amaçlanmıştır.
Evaluation of laterite as filter media to remove arsenic from groundwater
Authors: Maqsood Hafza , Rukh Shah , Imran Muhammad , Ayaz Mehmood , Ahmad Wazir , Matloob Ammar , Ahmad Hafiz , Khan Ahmad , Butt Sundus
Published: September 2020

Arsenic in drinking water has a chronic effect on humans and thus is a global health issue. Most people of Pakistan use groundwater for drinking, and consequently, prone to As toxicity. The objective of this study was to evaluate laterite as an adsorbent media for As removal, and subsequent preparation of a low-cost As filter. Laterite was tested for As adsorption capacity through batch sorption experiments and fitting to the Langmuir model. Two identical filters were prepared using variable particle size of laterite and substrate material ratios (sand, activated carbon, and brick chips). Arsenic contaminated water was poured daily and collected at the bottom for analysis. The water samples were analyzed for As using an atomic absorption spectrophotometer coupled with a hydride generation assembly. Other water quality parameters viz., electrical conductivity (EC), pH, chloride, total suspended solids (TSS), total dissolved salts (TDS), nitrate, calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium, carbonate, bicarbonate and sulfate contents were also tested. Filter 1 had an As removal efficiency from 83 to 93 %, while Filter 2 had 67 to 85 % removal efficiency. Most of the water quality parameters remained under the WHO recommended limits indicating no harmful addition to the filtered water by substrates. It appears that laterite may serve as an economical option for As removal from contaminated groundwater.
DFT study and NBO analysis of solvation/substituent effects of 3-phenylbenzo[d]thiazole-2(3H)-imine derivatives
Authors: Miar Marzieh , Shiroudi Abolfazl , Pourshamsian Khalil , Oliaey Ahmad , Hatamjafari Farhad
Published: September 2020

In this work, to determine natural bond orbital (NBO) analysis, solvation and substituent effects for electron-releasing substituents (CH3, OH) and electron-withdrawing derivatives (Cl, NO2, CF3) in para positions on the molecular structure of the synthesized 3-phenylbenzo[d]thiazole-2(3H)-imine derivatives 1?6 (H (1), CH3 (2), Cl (3), OH (4), CF3 (5), NO2 (6)) in the selected solvents (acetone, toluene, and ethanol) and gas-phase employing polarizable continuum method (PCM) model were studied at the M06-2x/6- -311++G(d,p) level of theory. The relative stability of the studied compounds was affected by the possibility of intramolecular interactions between substituents and the electron donor/acceptor centers of the thiazole ring. Furthermore, atomic charges electron density, chemical thermodynamics, energetic properties, dipole moments, and the nucleus-independent chemical shifts (NICS) of the studied compounds and their relative stability are considered. The dipole moment values and the HOMO?LUMO energy gap reveal the different charge transfer possibilities within the considered molecules. Frontier molecular orbital (FMO) analysis revealed that compound 6 has very small HOMO-LUMO energy gaps in the considered phases, and thus is kinetically less stable. The obtained HOMO-LUMO energy gap corresponds to intramolecular hyperconjugative interactions ?? ?*. Finally, NBO analysis is carried out to demonstrate the charge transfer between localized bonds and lone pairs.
Comparison of serum interleukin-33 levels in children with allergic respiratory diseases
Authors: Milanovic Borko , Vijatov-Djuric Gordana , Stojsic Mirjana , Milutinovic Aleksandra , Stojcevic-Maletic Jelena
Published: September 2020

Introduction. Recent studies point to the importance of interleukin-33 in the
pathogenesis of allergic respiratory diseases. The relationship of
interleukin-33 and certain allergic respiratory diseases as well as their
characteristics is not fully elucidated. The basic aim of this research was
to determine interleukin-33 serum levels in children with allergic asthma
and allergic rhinitis, as well as to examine the relationship between
obtained interleukin-33 levels and individual clinical characteristics of
these patients. Material and Methods. Serum interleukin- 33 levels were
measured in a total of 91 children. The study group included 39 children
with both allergic asthma and allergic rhinitis, and also 22 children with
allergic asthma without allergic rhinitis. The control group included 30
healthy children. Results. Serum levels of interleukin-33 in children with
both allergic asthma and allergic rhinitis were significantly higher
compared to those in children with allergic asthma only (?2 = 7.01; p =
0.008; p < 0.01). Both groups of patients had significantly higher
interleukin-33 serum levels compared to healthy children (?2 = 7.01; p =
0.008; p < 0.01). The correlation between serum interleukin-33 levels and
allergic asthma severity was statistically significant (rs = 0.289; p =
0.024; p < 0.05). Conclusion. Serum levels of interleukin-33 were
significantly higher in children with allergic respiratory diseases compared
to healthy examinees. Significantly higher levels of serum interleukin-33
levels were found in children with both allergic asthma and allergic
rhinitis, compared to children with allergic asthma only. Patients with
higher interleukin- 33 serum levels also had a more severe type of allergic
asthma.
Ultrasound diagnosis of peptic ulcer perforation - a case report
Authors: Petrovic Danka , Petrovic Predrag , Prvulovic-Bunovic Natasa
Published: September 2020

Introduction. Peptic ulcer perforation is an urgent, life-threatening
condition that requires prompt diagnosis and emergency surgical treatment.
It is a focal defect of the pylorobulbar zone that affects all the layers
and allows intraluminal content to leak into the peritoneal/retroperitoneal
cavity. The aim of this study is point to ultrasonography as a good
diagnostic modality in identifying peptic ulcer perforation when it is
clinically unrecognized. Case Report. We report a case of a 36-year-old man
who came to the Emergency Center of the Clinical Center of Vojvodina
complaining of a sudden severe pain in the entire abdomen. The patient
reported previous dyspeptic symptoms. Emergency transabdominal
ultrasonography was perfomed, and a peptic ulcer perforation was suspected.
It significantly shortened the time to urgent surgical treatment and the
diagnosis was confirmed. Conclusion. Pneumoperitoneum, collection of
extraluminal free fluid with gas bubbles around the lesion, inflammatory
thickening and discontinuity of the pylorobulbar wall, with or without focal
hyperechogenic line (perforation zone) are ultrasound findings suggestive of
peptic ulcer perforation.
A multidisciplinary approach to the management of gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors - a case report
Authors: Kosijer Dijana , Savic Zeljka , Damjanov Dragomir , Damjanov Dimitrije , Macut Djuro , Grubor Nikica
Published: September 2020

Introduction. Gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors comprise a
heterogeneous group of neoplasms that originate from the cells of the diffuse
endocrine system within the gastrointestinal tract and pancreas. The
diagnostic procedures and therapy of patients with gastroenteropancreatic
neuroendocrine tumors is complex and requires a multidisciplinary approach.
Case Report. A 51-year-old patient visited a Gastroenterology Outpatient
Clinic for examination complaining of redness, facial swelling and frequent
watery diarrhea since the age of 48 years. The clinical examination revealed
subicterus, systolic murmur, and hepatomegaly. The patient received an
extensive examination that included specific laboratory tests and various
imaging techniques (endoscopy, radiology, cardiology, nuclear imaging) at the
regional medical center. He was referred to a tertiary medical center,
including the national Center for the Treatment of Neuroendocrine Tumors, and
a metastatic neuroendocrine tumor, most likely affecting the ileum, was
established. After preoperative cardiac and anesthesiological assessments, an
elective surgical procedure was performed, with a
pathohistological/immunohistochemical confirmation of a grade 1
neuroendocrine tumor of the ileum. Conclusion. The process of diagnosing
gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors, after the onset of symptoms, is
often long, associated with comorbidities, and requires a multidisciplinary
approach to diagnosis, treatment and monitoring.
Primary hepatic pregnancy
Authors: Dikic Srdjan , Mikovic Zeljko , Toskovic Borislav , Dragojevic Svetlana , Srbinovic Ljubomir
Published: September 2020

Introduction. Hepatic pregnancy is an extremely rare form of ectopic pregnancy, and represents a difficult challenge for both diagnostics and treatment. Case outline. A 40-year-old gravida 0 para 0 patient in 6 + 0 gestational weeks was admitted to the hospital with lower abdominal pain, positive bHCG values, and presence of free intra-abdominal fluid. She had a history of infertility, and also a previous surgery due to pelvic endometriosis. Urgent open surgery was performed due to signs of hypovolemic shock. We discovered a rupture of the left ovarian corpus luteum cyst. Bleeding management was achieved with preservation of ovarian tissue. Patient recovered, bHCG levels continued to rise, and five days after surgery free intra-abdominal fluid reappeared with upper abdominal pain and tenderness. After transferring patient to abdominal surgery clinic, second surgery was performed, where we confirmed the presence of hepatic pregnancy. After this procedure, patient fully recovered. Conclusion. The method of choice for an ectopic pregnancy treatment is laparoscopic surgery, but when laparoscopy is not possible, the site of ectopic pregnancy could be difficult to diagnose. Prolonged time for making accurate diagnosis increases the risk of ectopic pregnancy complications.
Shareholder Wealth Effects of Audit Data Analytics Announcements
Authors: Kim Joung W. , Lim Jee-Hae , Yoon Kyunghee
Published: September 2020

SYNOPSIS

This study examines stock market data to assess shareholders' responses to 210 audit data analytics (ADA) announcements from the years 2006 to 2018. Because the benefits and costs of ADA are typically intangible, hidden, and long-term oriented, no studies have empirically validated ADA's associated risks and returns. We analyze the abnormal return of each announcing firm's stock within a two-day period around the date when the firm made an announcement, capturing potential improvements in shareholder value. We find that shareholders are favorable about the prospective returns of client firms who adopt less sophisticated ADA and selective ADA, as those firms can easily coordinate and manage ADA implementation. Our findings may help researchers and practitioners understand complex ADA adoption and related issues, while also helping firms maximize the market impact of their ADA adoption strategies.

Data Availability: Data are available from the public sources cited in the text.
Standard vs computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing customized self-ligating systems using indirect bonding with both:
Authors: Jackers Nastasia , Maes Nathalie , Lambert France , Albert Adelin , Charavet Carole
Published: September 2020

Objective

To compare treatment duration and quality between standard vs computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) customized self-ligating systems using indirect bonding with both.

Materials and Methods

This comparative trial included 24 patients: 12 treated with a CAD/CAM custom indirect bonding self-ligating system (CAD/CAM) and 12 others treated with an indirect bonding self-ligating standard system (I-STD). For each group, overall orthodontic treatment (OT) time was calculated and included the time needed to place each arch as well as the duration of the alignment and fine-tuning phases. The quality of the final result was analyzed using the American Board of Orthodontics Cast-Radiograph Evaluation. Patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) were also evaluated.

Results

Patient characteristics were similar between the 2 groups except for age, which was slightly lower in the I-SDT group. Overall OT time was increased by 26% in the I-STD group compared with the CAD/CAM group (497 ± 40 days vs 393 ± 55 days, P = 0.0002) due to a shorter fine-tuning phase in the latter group (P<0.01). No difference was found between the groups for alignment phase. Quality of the final result was similar (I-STD, 25.7 ± 6.1; CAD/CAM, 21.6 ± 6.3) among the groups. Finally, no difference was found in the PROMs variables.

Conclusions

Despite a 26% longer OT time when compared with the CAD/CAM customized bracket system, the indirect bonding self-ligating bracket system demonstrated the same quality of treatment. PROMs demonstrated a high level of acceptance and satisfaction for both techniques.
A visual evaluation of oral plaque removal utilizing an adjunct enzyme pre-rinse in orthodontic subjects
Authors: Rose Jennifer , Ghoneima Ahmed , Lippert Frank , Maxwell Lisa , Eckert George , Stewart Kelton T.
Published: September 2020

Objective

To determine if an adjunct proteolytic pre-rinse along with contemporary methods of dental cleaning may more effectively remove visual plaque in subjects with fixed orthodontic appliances.

Materials and Methods

Forty-three orthodontic subjects, ages 10 to 25, completed this single site, double-blind, crossover clinical trial. Subjects randomly received bromelain enzyme or a powdered-sugar placebo pre-rinse, followed by manual tooth brushing and use of a Waterpik. Subjects received the alternate pre-rinse during the subsequent visit. Baseline and residual plaque accumulation were recorded via disclosing tablet and digital photography. A single, blinded examiner scored visual plaque scores from randomized photographs. Treatment effects on composite plaque score were evaluated using repeated-measures analysis of variance. A 5% significance level was used for all tests.

Results

No significant differences in plaque scores were noted at baseline or post-rinse between the enzyme and placebo. The changes from baseline to post-rinse (P = .190), post-brushing (P = .764), and post-Waterpik (P = .882) were not significantly different between interventions. Significant reduction in plaque scores were observed in both arms of the study after brushing (P < .01) and waterjet use (P < .01). Neither age (P = .220) nor gender (P = .449) impacted plaque scores.

Conclusions

Use of a bromelain enzyme pre-rinse alone did not significantly enhance plaque removal. A significant reduction in retained plaque was observed with the application of brushing and or Waterpik.
Taş Kolon Performanslarının Hipoplastik Model ile Analizi
Authors: SARIMURAT Sacit , TASAN Haci Ercan , IŞIK Nihat , FIRAT Seyhan
Published: September 2020

Gevşek zeminlerde sıvılaşma ve sıvılaşma kaynaklı zemin hareketleri günümüze kadar meydana gelen depremlerde gerçekleşen hasarların büyük bir bölümünü oluşturmaktadır. Bu hasarların oluşmasının önüne geçmek amacıyla kullanılan yöntemlerden biri, önemi gün geçtikçe daha çok artan, taş kolon yöntemidir. Yapılan çalışmalara rağmen dinamik yüklemeler altında taş kolonların çalışma davranışı karmaşık bir konu olmaya devam etmektedir. Bu çalışmada gevşek, suya doygun kumlu zeminlerde taş kolonların performansı üç boyutlu sonlu elemanlar modeliyle incelenmiştir. Analizlerde taş kolonlu ve taş kolonsuz zeminlerdeki boşluk suyu basıncı oranları ve oturmalar karşılaştırılmıştır. Aynı zamanda taş kolon parametrelerindeki değişikliklerin taş kolon performansını nasıl etkilediğinin görülebilmesi için parametrik çalışmalar yapılmıştır. Analizlerde, dinamik yüklemeler altında boşluk suyu basıncı oluşumlarını görebilmek için hipoplastik malzeme modeli kullanılmıştır. Ancak ANSYS sonlu elemanlar programında tanımlı olmayan bu modelin kullanımına olanak sağlanması için programa üç boyutlu iki fazlı bir eleman (u20p8) tanımlanmıştır. Modelin tekrarlı yükleme altında granüler zeminlerin davranışının incelenmesi için uygun olduğu görülmüştür. Çalışma sonunda taş kolonların suya doygun granüler zeminlerde kullanımının faydaları ortaya konulmuştur. Bu çalışma ileriki araştırmaların amacına uygun olarak kumlu zeminlerde sıvılaşmaya karşı taş kolon kullanımının etkisinin görülmesi açısından faydalı olmuştur.
Airborne-particle Abrasion and Dentin Bonding: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Lima VP , Soares KDA , Caldeira VS , Faria-e-Silva AL , Loomans BAC , Moraes RR
Published: September 2020

Clinical Relevance

The literature reviewed suggests that airborne particle abrasion has no negative effects on the bond strength of resin-based materials to dentin and that a positive influence on dentin bond strength was only achieved in specific air-abrasion conditions.

In this systematic review the authors investigated how airborne-particle abrasion (APA) using aluminum oxide affects the bond strength of resin-based materials to dentin. The search was performed in three databases. In vitro studies (Type of study) comparing the bond strength of resin-based materials (Outcome) to air-abraded (Intervention) compared with non–air-abraded (Comparison) human dentin (Population) were included (the PICOT elements are given parenthetically). From 5437 unique articles, 65 were read in full, 33 were included in the qualitative synthesis, and 32 were included in the meta-analysis. Methodologic quality and risk of bias were assessed. Comparisons were performed between air-abraded and control dentin groups by adopting a random-effects model (α=0.05). Additional analyses were carried out for the different parameters used in APA: type of surface treatment in the control group, particle size, air pressure, and APA duration. The bond strength to air-abraded dentin was favored only when the control surface was treated with a hand excavator. For particle size, APA was favored when the particle size was >30 μm and the controls were no treatment or hand excavator or when the particle size was ≤30 μm and the control was bur. In addition, the results favored air-abraded groups only when the pressure was > 5 bar and bur was used in the control group. No significant differences were observed for duration of APA. No comparison on bond strength considering the presence of aging conditions was possible in the included studies due to the low number of studies that aged the specimens. In conclusion, APA had no negative effects on the bond strength of resin-based materials to dentin and was able to improve the dentin bond strength only when the particle size was > 30 μm and air pressure was > 5 bar. PROSPERO registration protocol: CRD42018096128