bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
State Variation in Health Care Spending and the Politics of State Medicaid Policy
Authors: Lukens Gideon
Published: September 2014

This study investigates the factors that underlie large variation in Medicaid and Children's Health Insurance Program (CHIP) policies among states. Both eligibility and provider payment policies are examined for low-income children and parents. I find that state variation in the cost of providing health care, due to variation in the intensity of health care use, is a key determinant of eligibility policies, and I also find tentative evidence of an effect for payment policies. Because rising health care spending increases the cost of providing health insurance coverage, state policy makers in high-spending states enact less generous Medicaid and CHIP policies. Results also indicate that the political environments of states are very important in determining their eligibility policies, but fewer political variables influence payment policies. In addition to including variables not yet examined in the context of Medicaid policy, this study uses an innovative measure of state-level health care spending and carefully constructed dependent variables that lend credibility to causal interpretations of relationships.
Arkansas's Novel Approach to Expanding Health Care Coverage
Authors: Thompson Joseph W. , Wilson J. Craig , Allison Andrew , Beebe Mike
Published: September 2014

The state of Arkansas is implementing a novel approach to expanding health care coverage for individuals newly eligible for Medicaid under the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA). Through a section 1115 demonstration waiver, the state will use federal funding via a premium assistance model to secure private health insurance offered through the newly formed health insurance marketplace to those individuals aged nineteen to sixty-four who have incomes at or below 138 percent of the federal poverty level. As of April 2014, the Health Care Independence Program (HCIP), as it is formally known, had over 155,000 individuals who had been determined eligible. The HCIP premium assistance approach is commonly referred to as the “private option” and was designed to achieve comparable access, network availability, quality of care, and opportunities for improved outcomes for HCIP enrollees (i.e., those who would be eligible for traditional, fee-for-service Medicaid through ACA expansion) when compared with their privately insured counterparts. This article provides the background, political discourse, policy development, evaluation strategy, and progress report for this innovative new program.
Rethinking Postcolonial Emergency
Authors: Hewage Thushara
Published: September 2014

Hewage’s essay examines the history of emergency rule, which has defined the greater part of Sri Lanka’s postcolonial experience. It suggests that we rethink the conventional constitutional provision of emergency’s necessity in relation to the broader temporality of necessity, which has conditioned the democratic relationship between the Sri Lankan state and the domain of the social. The article introduces the political rationality that governs this relationship with the moment of its apotheosis, namely the enactment of Sri Lanka’s first Republican Constitution and the apogee of welfarism, during the unprecedented emergency of the 1970s. Noting the vintage of certain seemingly exceptional expedients of the social during this era, Hewage claims that they illuminate the distinctive temporality of a postcolonial reason of state. The essay foregrounds postcolonial demands for a republic with a strong executive and comprehensive bill of rights to replace the colonially conferred Soulbury Constitution and its minority safeguard, Section 29. Analyzing this apparently paradoxical pairing of rights and enhanced executive power, ultimately realized in Sri Lanka’s Republican Constitutions, the essay situates both within the vision of state instrumentality these demands contemplated. Finally, Hewage highlights a shift within the theorization of leftist political praxis toward revolution through Parliamentary democracy. The recasting of emergency as a problem native to the emergence of democracy in Sri Lanka has consequences for thinking democratic trajectories in other postcolonial contexts, distinctively defined, as Partha Chatterjee has observed, by the early, colonial inception of the social.
Rebellion, Dacoity, and Equality
Authors: De Rohit
Published: September 2014

Did the promulgation of the Indian constitution on 26 January 1950 make a difference to the lives of most Indians? This article argues that contrary to existing scholarly and popular belief, the adoption of a written constitution with a bill of rights and judicial review transformed the relationship between the citizen and the state and emerged as a new field of practice. It does so by mapping the growth of judicial review of executive action through a series of similar challenges under Articles 32 and 226. Examining the trial of rebels and malcontents in Bengal, Hyderabad, Bombay, and Saurashtra during the early years of the postcolonial republic, it teases out how colonial governmentality responds to the institution of a written constitution. The article demonstrates that the constitution came to be utilized as a resource and a venue to challenge the continuation of the colonial practice of special tribunals and exceptional procedures. Judicial remedies made constitutional governance a two-way process, where citizens could insert themselves into a conversation on state practice. Constitutional law became grounded in uncertainty as the results in very similar cases varied widely. However, it was this uncertainty about constitution law that gave it legitimacy and attracted widespread participation by the state and citizens.
The Prerogative of Civilized Peoples
Authors: Pillay Suren
Published: September 2014

In 1965 apartheid was declared a crime against humanity. Taking apartheid as a moment in the career of colonial law in South Africa, Pillay’s essay considers the political effects of a debate among a section of South Africa’s liberal critics. It hinged on whether or not to work within the categories of apartheid law, and what the strategic yield of that choice might be politically. In reconsidering this debate, this article explores the relationship between law and politics and considers how working within the legal tradition of colonial and apartheid law framed the objects of political criticism, making more prominent the problem of human rights violations, and rendering more obscure the foundational settler colonial question. It considers whether the politics of this choice was to have the effect of bringing apartheid as such into question, or whether its effect was rather a civilizational one: to secure the law, as a Western legal tradition on the southernmost tip of Africa.
Courting the People
Authors: Bhuwania Anuj
Published: September 2014

Bhuwania’s article studies the politics of Public Interest Litigation (PIL) in contemporary India. PIL is a unique jurisdiction initiated by the Indian Supreme Court in the aftermath of the Emergency of 1975-77. Bhuwania locates the history of PIL in India’s postcolonial predicament, arguing that a constitutional framework that mandated a statist agenda of social transformation provided the conditions of possibility for PIL to emerge. The enormous powers of PIL stem from its populist character, which allows the appellate courts great flexibility in being able to maneuver themselves into positions of overweening authority. With little or no procedure to regulate it, it is increasingly difficult to locate PIL within the conventional rubric of adjudicatory practice. With fundamental departures from legal norms that further empower the courts, the essay argues that PIL has emerged as the vanishing point of jurisprudence. The judicial populism of PIL allows for a radical instability that continually pushes the limits of what a court can do.
Sailing the Modern Episteme
Authors: Wick Alexis
Published: September 2014

The invention of the Mediterranean as a coherent analytical concept dates back to early nineteenth-century Europe, just as the new academic disciplines of history, geography, and Orientalism were being institutionalized, amid the wider transformation of the order of words and things into what Michel Foucault termed the “modern episteme.” This is also the period when Egyptian scholar al-Ṭahṭāwī spent about five years in Paris as the spiritual guide of a mission of students sent by the Ottoman governor Meḥmed ʿAlī to train in the new sciences, before returning to Egypt to play a central role in its intellectual life for the next forty years. Wick’s article explores the appearance of the new disciplines and concepts of the European Modern in the works of al-Ṭahṭāwī (notably, but not solely, the famous account of his French voyage) with special attention given to the place of the sea in general and the Mediterranean in particular.
Shear Strength Model for Reinforced Concrete Columns with Low Transverse Reinforcement Ratios
Authors: Tran Cao Thanh Ngoc , Li Bing
Published: September 2014

This paper introduces an equation developed based on the strut-and-tie analogy to predict the shear strength of reinforced concrete columns with low transverse reinforcement ratios. The validity and applicability of the proposed equation are evaluated by comparison with available experimental data. The proposed equation includes the contributions from concrete and transverse reinforcement through the truss action, and axial load through the strut action. A reinforced concrete column with a low transverse reinforcement ratio, commonly found in existing structures in Singapore and other parts of the world was tested to validate the assumptions made during the development of the proposed equation. The column specimen was tested to failure under the combination of a constant axial load of 0.30 f' c A g and quasi-static cyclic loadings to simulate earthquake actions. The analytical results revealed that the proposed equation is capable of predicting the shear strength of reinforced concrete columns with low transverse reinforcement ratios subjected to reversed cyclic loadings to a satisfactory level of accuracy
Effects of Soil Plasticity on Seismic Performance of Mid-Rise Building Frames Resting on Soft Soils
Authors: Fatahi Behzad , Tabatabaiefar S. Hamid Reza
Published: September 2014

In this study, the effects of Plasticity Index (PI) variation on the seismic response of mid-rise building frames resting on soft soil deposits are investigated. To achieve this goal, three structural models including 5, 10, and 15 storey buildings are simulated in conjunction with a clayey soil representing soil class Ee according to the classification of AS1170.4–2007 (Earthquake actions in Australia) and then varying the Plasticity Index. Structural sections of the selected frames were designed according to AS3600–2009 (Australian Standard for Concrete Structures) after undertaking dynamic analysis under the influence of four different earthquake ground motions. The frame sections are modelled and analysed, employing finite difference method adopting FLAC 2D software under two different boundary conditions: (i) fixed base (no Soil-Structure Interaction), and (ii) flexible base considering soil-structure interaction. Fully nonlinear dynamic analyses under the influence of different earthquake records are conducted and the results in terms of maximum lateral displacements and inter-storey drifts for the above mentioned boundary conditions are obtained, compared, and discussed. Base on the results of the numerical investigations, it becomes apparent that as the Plasticity Index of the subsoil increases, the base shears of mid-rise building frames resting on soft soil deposits increase, while the lateral deflections and corresponding inter-storey drifts decrease. It is concluded that reduction of the Plasticity Index could noticeably amplify the effects of soil-structure interaction on the seismic response of mid-rise building frames.
Design Procedures of Reinforced Concrete Framed Buildings in Nepal and its Impact on Seismic Safety
Authors: Chaulagain Hemchandra , Rodrigues Hugo , Spacone Enrico , Varum Humberto
Published: September 2014

The present paper analyses the design procedure and its impact on seismic safety of the structures. For this, a representative reinforced concrete frame building (WDS) is designed and the results are compared with similar buildings detailed with: i) Current Construction Practices (CCP); ii) the Nepal Building Code (NBC) and iii) the Modified Nepal Building Code (NBC+) recommendations. The seismic performance evaluation is done with global strength, inter-storey drift and displacement of the structures. Likewise, the sensitivity of the structural and geometrical parameters of the RC frame building is studied through nonlinear analysis. The study parameters considered for parametric analysis are column size, beam size, inter-storey height, bay length, bay width, and compressive strength of concrete. The results show that the influence on the structural behaviour, particularly by variation in column size and inter-storey height. Additionally, the influence of the seismic zone factor on reinforcement demand of the structure is studied. The result shows that structures designed for high to medium seismic hazard demands double the reinforcement in beams compared to structures in low seismic zone.
Modification of the ACI 318 Design Method for Slab-Column Connections Subjected to Unbalanced Moment
Authors: Choi Kyoung-Kyu , Shin Dong-Woo , Park Hong-Gun
Published: September 2014

In the ACI 318–11 design method for slab-column connections subjected to unbalanced moment, the contribution factors assigning the proportion of the connection unbalanced moment to be resisted by the slab flexural reinforcement and by eccentric vertical shear stresses are prescribed by only considering the aspect ratio of columns. However, the validity of the prescribed contribution factors have not been completely verified by extensive test results, and the strength prediction by the design method using the contribution factors does not agree well with existing test results. In the present study, a modified strength model was proposed without prescribing the contribution factors. In the proposed model, the contribution of flexural moment is directly calculated using the slab reinforcement ratio, and the contribution of eccentric shear is calculated based on the conventional eccentric shear stress model. The proposed method was verified by comparing its prediction with existing test results. The results showed that the proposed method predicts the test results with reasonable accuracy, and it corresponds with the fundamental mechanics of the punching shear of slab-column connections as investigated in previous studies.
Constrained Least-Squares Method for Computing Equivalent Static Wind Loads of Large-Span Roofs
Authors: Zhou Xuanyi , Gu Ming , Li Gang
Published: September 2014

Equivalent static wind loads (ESWL) are widely used by structural designers to determine a specific response of large-scale structures. However, structural designers usually pay attention to more responses. Thus, this study proposes a constrained least-squares method to compute the ESWL distribution that can simultaneously target multi-responses. The loading distribution is regarded as a linear combination of basic load distributions. Two forms of basic load distribution are presented herein. The magnitude range of ESWLs is limited by controlling the bounds of the participation factor, which can be regarded as a constrained linear least-squares problem. Furthermore, since only a few structural responses are usually emphasized by structural designers, weighting factor is imported to improve the accuracy of these focused responses. To verify its computational accuracy, the method is applied to a real large-span roof structure. The results of calculations show that a reasonable magnitude of ESWL distribution can be achieved. There seems to always be a balance between the number of targeted responses and computational accuracy.
Influence of System Parameters on the Hysteresis Characteristics of a Horizontal Rijke Tube
Authors: Gopalakrishnan E. A. , Sujith R. I.
Published: September 2014

The influence of system parameters such as heater power, heater location and mass flow rate on the hysteresis characteristics of a horizontal Rijke tube is presented in this paper. It is observed that a hysteresis zone is present for all the mass flow rates considered in the present study. A power law relation is established between the non-dimensional hysteresis width and the Strouhal number, defined as the ratio between convective time scale and acoustic time scale. The transition to instability in a horizontal Rijke tube is found to be subcritical in all the experiments performed in this study. When heater location is chosen as the control parameter, period-2 oscillations are found for specific values of mass flow rate and heater power
Terrorism Risks for Bridges in a Multi-Hazard Environment
Authors: Stewart Mark G. , Mueller John
Published: September 2014

The paper will assess terrorist threats to new and existing bridges and the cost-effectiveness of protective counter-terrorism measures. This analysis will consider threat likelihood, cost of security measures, risk reduction and expected losses to compare the costs and benefits of protective measures to bridges to decide which protective measures are cost-effective. In this paper, a break-even cost-benefit analysis determines the minimum probability of an attack, absent the protective measures, that is required for the benefit of the protective measures to equal their cost for new and existing bridges. It was found that unless terrorist threat probabilities are high, then typical protective measures are not cost-effective. Bridges and other critical infrastructure are subject to a range of natural and man-made hazards, and terrorism is most likely not as important a threat as natural hazards. It was found that economic risks to bridges from floods, earthquakes, and ship impact are higher than threats from terrorism.
Blast Resistance Assessment of Concrete Wall Panels: Experimental and Numerical Investigations
Authors: Giovino Giannicola , Olmati Pierluigi , Garbati Settimio , Bontempi Franco
Published: September 2014

The cladding system of a building is crucial for protecting people and equipment against external explosions. Both experimental and numerical investigations are carried out in order to evaluate the resistance of precast concrete cladding wall panels against man-made attacks. The cladding system under investigation is a precast concrete wall panel for using in police station facilities that particularly need to be protected against man-made or subversive attacks. A total of three precast concrete cladding wall panels are studied. The panels are 3500 mm long and 1500 mm wide; and one is 150 mm thick while the other two are 200 mm thick. The longitudinal reinforcement consists of a single layer of reinforcement bars located in the middle of the cross section. The blast demand is due to the detonation of 3.5 and 5.5 kg of TNTeq, and the numerical simulations are carried out using the finite element software LS-Dyna©. Details of the experimental and numerical investigations are shown, and a discussion on the obtained results is provided.
Integrated Information Systems of Management of Public Finance in Provision of Transparency of Budget System of the Russian Federation
Authors: Povetkina Natalya , Khazova Ekaterina
Published: September 2014

The principle of transparency of the budgetary system is the openness of public finances to public control. The beginning of reforms in the public finance sector had allowed the Russian Federation to improve the position in the international ranking of the budget system transparency. А modern way of ensuring transparency in public finance operations is formation of a unified information space for all public-law entities by operation of integrated information systems «Electronic budget» and the State information system on the state and municipal payments. The author of the article classifies the integrated information system as a mechanism for disclosure of performance information for public oversight with modern technical features. The article also talked about the effective management of the money supply in the form of non-cash accounts on common problems of the Federal Treasury and provide feedback between state region, providing execution of the budget and the members of society.
Local Technical Regulation as a Means of Reduction of Legal Risks of Industrial Enterprises
Authors: Bauken Aleksandr
Published: September 2014

The article is considering problems of use of local technical and legal acts by commercial enterprises for decrease in legal risks. Feature of norms accepted at local level consists in regulation by them of the relations with participation of experts, which participate and don’t participate in production. Normative regulation of technological processes aims to order production, distribute spheres of responsibility of experts and departments, to provide legislation observance by production and sale. Local technical and legal acts as way of legal risk management allow to describe risk factors, specify them in certainPositive kind of activity of the enterprise, establish algorithms of identification and minimization of risks. Potential of use of these acts for legal risk management is caused by their ability to concretize technical activity of the enterprise, establish its duties and rights in relation to workers, state and other persons.
Right in Rem: Traditions, Novels, Trends of Development
Authors: Sinitsyn S.
Published: September 2014

On the basis of the analysis of the pandect doctrine, modern theory of Russian and foreign civil law, Russian civil legislation development concepts, the article deals with evolution of understanding of general and special attributes of some corporeal rights (ownership right; limited rights). The author considers reasonableness of mixed, palliative structures of the subjective civil legal rights combining some attributes of both real, and liability rights: real/liability rights. Based on results of the conducted research of civil legislation sources and civil law science the author comes to the following conclusions. The Roman Law did not consider separate institutes (emphyteusis, superficies, easement, ownership right) in the context of the uniform concept of the corporeal rights system. Sampling analysis of pandects has shown that pandectists did not know most attributes of corporeal rights currently used in the scientific literature, and the nature of exposition of pandects does not in any way testify to the uniformity of statement of the concept and specific features of corporeal rights. At the same time the Roman Law and the pandect doctrine laid an essential groundwork for subsequent generalisation and systematization of the most commonly encountered and recurrent attributes of corporeal rights which in the modern science are commonly interpreted as general identification attributes of the corporeal right. The author denies reasonableness and expediency of existence of real/liability legal rights. The article demonstrates historical features of formation of the corporeal right sub-branch in Russia, identifies general tendencies of development of this legislation branch and corporeal right science at the present stage. The methodology of the article is based on general scientific methods of deduction and historicism, special civil research methods: comparative/legal, functional and dogmatic ones.
Primeiro Registro de Corydalus batesii MacLachlan e Corydalus nubilus Erichson (Megaloptera: Corydalidae) no Estado do Tocantins em Criadouros de Simulídeos (Diptera: Simuliidae) na Área de Influência da Usina Hidrelétrica Peixe Angical, Brasil
Authors: Serpa Filho Arlindo , Monteiro Junior Edson Candido
Published: September 2014

O presente trabalho é parte de um projeto desenvolvido pelo Laboratório de Simulídeos e Oncocercose (LSO) do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (IOC) na área sob influência da construção da Usina Hidrelétrica Peixe Angical (Enerpeixe) localizada no sul do estado do Tocantins nos municípios de Peixe, Paranã, São Salvador do Tocantins e Palmeirópolis. Foram registradas as espécies Corydalus batesii MacLachlane Corydalus nubilus Erichson (Megaloptera: Corydalidae) apartir de 31 exemplares imaturos analisados. No Brasil, até o momento só haviam sido assinaladas para os estados do Amazonas, Roraima, Rondônia e Pará. Esta é a primeira ocorrência de espécies de Megaloptera no estado do Tocantins.

First Record of Corydalus batesii  MacLachlan and Corydalus nubilus Erichson (Megaloptera: Corydalidae) in the State of Tocantins, from Simuliid (Diptera: Simuliidae) Breeding Sites at an area Affected by the Peixe Angical Hydroelectric Power Plant (Brazil)

Abstract. In this work was to hold the inventory of entomofauna found at breeding site of simulids (Diptera: Simuliidae) in the area of construction of hydroelectric power Peixe-Angical (Enerpeixe) in study developed by the Laboratory of Simulídeos and Onchocerciasis (LSO) Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (IOC), which was held in south of the State of Tocantins in the municipalities of Peixe, Palmas, São Salvador and Palmeirópolis. Between entomofauna collected, it was possible to identify species Corydalus batesii MacLachlan and Corydalus nubilus Erichson. Thirty one immature specimens were examined. These species in Brazil had been marked only in the Amazon in states, Rondonia, Roraima and Pará. This study reports the first occurrence of species of Megaloptera at Tocantins State.
Description of the male of Brachygastra moebiana Saussure 1867 (Hymenoptera: Vespidae; Epiponini)
Authors: Andena Sergio Ricardo , Mateus Sidnei
Published: September 2014

The male of Brachygastra moebiana (de Saussure) is described, including figures of male genitalia and notes about the Richards’s description of what he supposed to be the same species.

Descrição do macho de Brachygastra moebiana (de Saussure) (Hymenoptera: Vespidae; Epiponini)

Resumo. O macho de Brachygastra moebiana (de Saussure) é descrito, incluindo figuras da genitália e notas sobre a descrição contida em Richards (1978), da espécie, que supostamente é a mesma.
Mosca-Negra-dos-Citros: Características Gerais, Bioecologia e Métodos de Controle dessa Importante Praga Quarentenária da Citricultura Brasileira
Authors: Siva Anderson Gonçalves da , Farias Paulo Roberto Silva , Boiça Junior Arlindo Leal , Souza Bruno Henrique Sardinha
Published: September 2014

A mosca-negra-dos-citros, Aleurocanthus woglumi Ashby, é uma séria praga da cultura dos citros e de outras frutíferas de importância econômica. Constitui-se praga quarentenária presente ou A2 de alerta máximo, restringindo o comércio com outras regiões livres de sua presença. A partir de sua primeira ocorrência, no ano de 2001 na cidade de Belém, houve sua rápida disseminação para outros estados e regiões citrícolas do Brasil. Por ser uma praga exótica, conhecimentos básicos são escassos para se implementar o manejo adequado do inseto em território brasileiro. Desse modo, o objetivo do presente estudo é o de disponibilizar informações a respeito de aspectos importantes de A. woglumi, como: histórico e distribuição geográfica, bioecologia, plantas hospedeiras, métodos de controle adotados, dentre outros, a fim de se fornecer subsídios para futuras pesquisas sobre a mosca-negra-dos-citros no Brasil.

Citrus Blackfly: General Aspects, Bioecology and Methods for the Control of this Important Quarantine Pest to Brazilian Citrus Production

Abstract. Citrus blackfly, Aleurocanthus woglumi Ashby, is a serious pest of citrus culture and other economically important fruit crops. It is a present quarantine pest or A2 maximum alert restricting trades with other regions free of its presence. Since the first occurrence of the citrus blackfly in Belém in 2001 its dissemination was quickly to other States and regions of citrus production in Brazil. As an exotic pest, basic knowledge is scarce in order to establish the appropriate management to the insect in Brazil. Thus, the aim of the present study was to provide information about important aspects of A. woglumi, such as: history and geographical distribution, bioecology, host plants, appropriate control methods, among others, in order to provide subsidies for futures researches about the citrus blackfly in Brazil.
First Records of Odonata (Insecta) From the Bodoquena Mountains, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
Authors: Dalzochio Marina Schmidt , De Souza Luiz Onofre Irineu , Uchoa Manoel Araécio , Costa Janira Martins
Published: September 2014

In this study we report twenty-one species of Odonata from the Bodoquena Mountains, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. This species were collected during two systematic inventories carried out at six streams of the region, located at deciduous and semideciduous Atlantic forest.

Novos registros de Odonata (Insecta) para Serra da Bodoquena, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brasil.

Resumo. Neste estudo relatou-se 22 espécies de Odonata da Serra da Bodoquena, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brasil. Estas espécies foram coletados durante dois inventários sistemáticos realizados em seis córregos da região, localizado na porção Decídua e Semidecídua da Mata Atlantica.
Diptera, Muscidae, Cariocamyia maculosa Snyder: Primeiro Registro para o Nordeste do Brasil
Authors: Monteiro Thayana d'Alencar , Bravo Freddy Ruben
Published: September 2014

Cariocamyia maculosa Snyder, é um Muscidae com registros para a Colômbia e Brasil (regiões Sul, Sudeste e Centro-Oeste). Em um levantamento de dípteros saprófagos na cidade de Feira de Santana no estado da Bahia com iscas de origem orgânico animal em putrefação, foram coletados 46 espécimes de C. maculosa. Esse é o primeiro registro da espécie para a Bahia e Nordeste do Brasil. Apesar de C. maculosa ter sido encontrada em áreas urbanas e em material orgânico animal em putrefação sua antropização e importância forense não foram citadas na literatura especializada, sendo necessários mais estudos para corroborar essas condições.

Diptera, Muscidae, Cariocamyia maculosa Snyder: First Record from Northeastern Brazil

Abstract. Cariocamyia maculosa Snyder, is a muscid fly with records from Colombia and Brazil (Southern, Southeastern and Central-West regions). In a survey of Diptera saprophagous in Feira de Santana, state of Bahia, with animal organic bait were collected 46 specimens of C. maculosa. This is the first record of the species to Bahia and Northeastern of Brazil. The forensic importance and the anthropized status of C. maculosa have not been detached in the specialized literature and new studies should be improved to corroborate these conditions.
Reprodução de Trichospilus diatraeae Cherian & Margabandhu (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) em Pupas de Anticarsia gemmatalis Hübner (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) em Relação à Idade do Parasitóide e Hospedeiro
Authors: Pastori Patrik Luiz , Zanuncio José Cola , Silva Robson Oliveira , Pereira Fabricio Fagundes , Azambuja Rosalia , Pereira José Milton Milagres
Published: September 2014

A reprodução de parasitóides apresenta etapas interligadas e a idade de hospedeiros e parasitóides pode afetar o desenvolvimento desses últimos. Características biológicas de fêmeas de Trichospilus diatraeae Cherian & Margabandhu (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae), com até 96 horas de idade, foram estudadas em pupas do hospedeiro alternativo Anticarsia gemmatalis Hübner (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Cada pupa de A. gemmatalis com 0-24, 24-48, 48-72 ou 72-96 horas de idade, foi oferecida ao parasitismo por 10 fêmeas de T. diatraeae com 0-24, 24-48, 48-72 ou 72-96 horas de idade, por 24 horas à 25 ± 2oC, umidade relativa de 70 ± 10% e fotofase de 14 horas. A emergência, o número de descendentes, a duração do ciclo, a razão sexual, a longevidade e largura da cápsula cefálica de machos e de fêmeas de T. diatraeae apresentaram resposta semelhante para o efeito idade das pupas desse hospedeiro e fêmeas desse parasitóide em conjunto. No entanto, houve redução da emergência, número de descendentes e longevidade das fêmeas de T. diatraeae com duração do ciclo se ajustando a uma função quadrática quando se avaliou apenas o efeito da idade do parasitóide. Pupas de A. gemmatalis, com até 96 horas de idade, podem ser usadas para criação massal de T. diatraeae utilizando-se fêmeas desse parasitóide com até 96 horas de idade.Reproduction of Trichospilus diatraeae Cherian & Margabandhu (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) on Anticarsia gemmatalis Hübner (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Pupae in Relation to  Age of the Parasitoid and HostAbstract. Reproduction of parasitoids presents interconnected steps and the ages of hosts and parasitoids can affect the development of parasitoids. Biological parameters of Trichospilus diatraeae Cherian & Margabandhu (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae), at up to 96 hours of age were studied on pupae of the alternative host Anticarsia gemmatalis Hübner (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) pupae. Each A. gemmatalis pupae from 0-24, 24-48, 48-72 or 72-96 hours of age, was offered to parasitism to 10 females of T. diatraeae at 0-24, 24-48, 48-72 or 72-96 hours of age for 24 hours at 25 ± 2°C, relative humidity of 70 ± 10% and photophase of 14 hours. Emergency, number of offspring, length of cycle, sex ratio, longevity and width of cephalic capsule of males and females of T. diatraeae showed similar response when effect of age of pupae and females of parasitoid were evaluate jointly. However, emergency, number of offspring and longevity of females of T. diatraeae were reduced as length of cycle was being adjusted to a quadratic function when only effect of age of parasitoid was evaluated. Pupae of A. gemmatalis with up to 96 hours of age can be used for mass rearing of T. diatraeae using females at up to 96 hours of age.
Polinização de Vellozia candida Mikan (Velloziaceae) nos Afloramentos Rochosos do Costão de Itacoatiara, Niterói, RJ: Um Caso de Melitofilia em Inselbergue do Brasil
Authors: Verçoza Fábio Castro
Published: September 2014

Este trabalho apresenta dados sobre a fenologia reprodutiva, a biologia floral e a ecologia da polinização de Vellozia candida Mikan (Velloziaceae) nos afloramentos rochosos do Costão de Itacoatiara, Niterói, RJ. Uma população de dez indivíduos da espécie foi estudada nessa localidade no período de junho de 2006 a dezembro de 2008. Foram realizadas observações sobre período de floração, morfologia, cor e odor das flores, ocorrência e comportamento dos visitantes florais. A floração de V. candida ocorreu de setembro a dezembro nos dois anos consecutivos do estudo. As flores são brancas, nectaríferas e exalam odor suave e adocicado. Reúnem características típicas da síndrome da melitofilia e foram intensamente visitadas por três espécies de abelhas. Xylocopa ordinaria Smith se destacou como o polinizador efetivo da espécie estudada. Por ser uma abelha de grande porte e robusta, durante a coleta de néctar e de pólen, deposita este último no estigma, polinizando as flores.

Pollination of Vellozia candida Mikan (Velloziaceae) on Rock Outcrops of Costão de Itacoatiara, Niterói, RJ: A Case of Mellitophily Inselberg BrazilAbstract. This paper presents data on the reproductive phenology, floral biology and pollination ecology of Vellozia candida Mikan (Velloziaceae) on rocky outcrops of Costão Itacoatiara, Niterói, RJ. A population of ten individuals of the species was studied in this location from June 2006 to December 2008. Observations were made on flowering period, morphology, color and odor of flowers, the occurrence and behavior of floral visitors. The flowering of V. candida occurred from September to December in two successive years of study. The flowers are white, exude nectar and sweet odor. Meet typical syndrome melitophyly and were intensively visited by three species of bees. Xylocopa ordinaria Smith stood out as the effective pollinator of the species studied. Being a bee large and robust, while collecting nectar and pollen, the latter deposited on the stigma, pollinating the flowers.
Ocorrência e Antropofilia de Simulídeos em Comunidades Ribeirinhas de Rondônia
Authors: Velasques Suzane Neves , Medeiros Jansen Fernandes , Pessoa Felipe Arley Costa , Julião Genimar Rebouças , Souza Crisvaldo Cassio Silva de , Camargo Luís Marcelo Aranha
Published: September 2014

A família Simuliidae é implicada como transmissores das filárias Onchocerca volvulus (Leuckart) e Mansonella ozzardi (Manson) na região norte do Brasil. Os objetivos do presente estudo foram (i) conhecer a fauna de simulídeos em duas comunidades ribeirinhas de Rondônia, (ii) avaliar a abundância e distribuição temporal (mensal e diária) de duas espécies de simulídeos e (iii) avaliar os possíveis efeitos da fatores climáticos na abundância dos simulídeos. As coletas dos simulídeos adultos foram realizadas entre setembro/2008 e dezembro/2009, das 08:00 às 10:00 e das 15:00 às 17:00. A espécie Cerqueirellum pydanieli Pessoa, Medeiros & Barbosa foi a mais abundante em todos os meses e locais. Foi coletado um maior número de indivíduos no período matutino para ambas as espécies (C. pydanieli e Chirostilbia pertinax Kollar) observando-se tendências de alteração nos picos de atividade diária em função da disponibilidade de chuvas. Nessas comunidades foram coletadas 11 espécies de Simuliidae, sendo constatada pela primeira vez, a ocorrência de C. pydanieli, Ectemnaspis rorotaense (Floch & Abonnenc) e Coscaroniellum ulyssesi (Py-Daniel & Coscarón) no estado de Rondônia.

Occurrence and Antrhopophily of Simuliid Species in Riverine Communities from Rondônia State, BrazilAbstract. The family Simuliidae is implicated as containing the vectors of human filariid worms (Onchocerca volvulus Leuckart e Mansonella ozzardi Manson) in north region of Brazil. The objectives of this study were (i) to describe the occurrence of black fly species in two riverine communities from Rondônia; (ii) to evaluate the abundance patterns and temporal distribution (monthly and daily) of two blackfly species and (iii) to investigate possible climatic effects in the blackflies abundance. Adult collections were done during September/2008 to December/2009, in the diurnal period, 08:00 to 10:00 AM and 03:00 to 05:00 PM. Cerqueirellum pydanieli Pessoa, Medeiros & Barbosa was the most abundant species during all months, and in both riverine communities. More blackflies were sampled during the morning than afternoon for both species (C. pydanieli and Chirostilbia pertinax Kollar). It was observed a tendency to alteration in the daily activity peaks due to the rainfall period. In these communities were captured 11 Simuliidae species, which provide new records for the state of Rondônia: C. pydanieli, Coscaroniellum ulyssesi (Py-Daniel & Coscarón) and Ectemnaspis rorotaense (Floch & Abonnenc).
Innovation Process Adjusting in Peripheral Regions. The Case of Podlaskie Voivodship
Authors: Ciborowski Rafał
Published: September 2014

Comparative studies indicate that innovation activity in Poland is, in general, significantly below that of EU and in North-east it is below that of other parts of Poland. There is peripheral region with traditional structure of production and employment. The North-east remains one of the least innovative regions of Poland and enlarged EU. This is probably the result of the obsolete institutional setting, which doesn’t reflect the requirements of modern international competitiveness. It is the heritage of past times, where creation of the innovation system wasn’t considered a priority factor of economic development. Additionally, Poland is still undergoing intensive modernization of its technology capabilities. The capital and production structure are way outdated and don’t meet the demands of the international trade competition, most of all the non-price competition. That is why it seems that creating conditions for innovation system might become a crucial factors determining the nature and dynamics of development processes as well as influencing the North-east future innovation capability. Creating a new regional innovation structure and transfer of technologies should support modernization processes in companies and the creation of development opportunities for the national economy as a whole and especially in peripheral regions. Those processes will accelerate technological convergence of regions and the economy.
Assessment of pain in children with brain injury: moving to best practice
Authors: Nissen Sally , Dunford Carolyn
Published: September 2014

Nurses are guided to use pain tools for assessing pain. Appropriate tools exist for all ages of children, as well as accounting for diverse communicative abilities and impairments such as brain injury. Use of pain tools, and good documentation of pain management, is part of providing best practice, high-quality care. Clinical audit, based on compliance with the Royal College of Nursing guideline for pain assessment, measured current and changing practice at a 70-bed national specialist centre for children with brain injury. Compliance was initially poor. Changes in practice were supported by evidence-based measures, including a written guideline, classroom teaching, visits to practice areas, sharing of audit results, reminders and a special interest group. Over 3 years, the audits showed an increase of child-specific pain tools available in children's care files from 9% to 83%; assessment of pain using a pain tool, when indicated, increased from 0 to 30%. Documentation of interventions to relieve pain increased from 51% to 80% and reassessment of pain following an intervention increased from 15% to 63%. This article will resonate with any organisation trying to embed systematic pain assessment into routine practice.
Impact of lung cancer clinical nurse specialists on emergency admissions
Authors: Leary Alison , Baxter Jane
Published: September 2014

Clinical nurse specialists (CNS) in cancer perform a range of complex activities, including the management of care. However, they often report a high administrative burden for services, which makes providing expert nursing care challenging. Administrative work for a service can be seen as a priority for non-nurses, yet a high administrative burden allows less time for complex nursing care. A London trust admitted a mean of four lung cancer patients per month for symptom control in progressive disease or end-of-life care, with a mean stay of 6 days. This was often a default location: the acute hospital was not always the patient's preferred place of care for end of life. The CNS negotiated away the administrative burden, which occupied 38% of their working time, and adopted standard proactive case management in line with national standards. The CNS were also able to build a collaborative relationship with others, such as local GPs and community palliative care teams. Their proactive and vigilant case management resulted in fewer admissions for non-acute problems: a mean of four emergency admissions per month fell to a mean of fewer than one (0.3). For this service, the mean length of emergency admission was 6 days, so a reduction in the admission rate represented a significant saving in bed days (266 a year) and a higher rate of achieving the preferred place of end-of-life care. In conclusion, CNS who practise proactive case management and refocus services in line with best practice represent a good return on investment (ROI).
Key Messages in prescribing for stoma care
Authors: Fake Jeanette , Skipper Gill
Published: September 2014

With £248 million spent on stoma appliances and accessories throughout England in 2013 ( Health and Social Care Information Centre, 2014 ) value for money and control of this process is seen to be of high priority. This does not have to mean restricted access of appliances, rather that there is appropriate usage of the budget. This article looks at how the stoma care team collaborated with the local clinical commissioning group (CCG) in order for the local surgeries to gain a better understanding of the needs of their local stoma care population. It was hoped that this would facilitate further control in the ordering (by the patient or GP) of stoma care products. The Key Messages produced are to be used as a tool to aid cost-effective stoma care.
Improving safety culture: a profession in the fast lane
Authors: Abbott Hannah , Wordsworth Stephen
Published: September 2014

There is growing evidence to indicate that specific educational approaches and interventions through simulation in the classroom can significantly improve the safety culture in the perioperative environment. In exploring this approach, this article addresses the fact that, by and large, operating department practitioners (ODPs) as a professional group have been absent from this debate. The important, and indeed pivotal, role that ODPs must play in developing such a culture of enhanced patient safety should be recognised. The increased understanding of the significance of addressing practitioners' non-technical skills, such as team-working, leadership and communication, challenges all educationalists to embed these skills and an understanding of human factors into the pre-registration curriculum. This article explores the authors' own unique, innovative response to the challenge of isolating non-technical skills in a simulation context.
Utilization of Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Database: Estimation of Tomato Consumption and the Risk of Metabolic Syndrome
Authors: Youn Eunha , Paik Jean Kyung , Kim Bumsik
Published: September 2014

The objective of this study is to examine the relationship between tomato consumption and the risk of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in Korean middle aged women. Data from the combined 2009-2011 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) was analyzed. Tomato intake was assessed using the algorithms developed to analyze the demographic data of intakes of different tomato based food commodities such as “tomato, raw”, “tomato, tomato juice”, “tomato, tomato canned”, “tomato sauce”, and “tomato ketchup”. Korean women (n = 11,251) were subgrouped according to the number of the MetS risk factor (RF 0, RF 1-2, RF 3). Anthropometric parameters, lipid profiles, fasting glucose, and tomato intake were analyzed. Corresponding to the number of the MetS RF, there was a decrease in tomato intake (18.90±1.78, 16.67±1.23 and 12.84±1.23; P < 0.001). Tomato intake showed a negative correlation with systosolic blood pressure, BMI, waist, and triglyceride. HDL cholesterol also showed a significant correlation with tomato intake (r = 0.023, P < 0.05). In summary, the results show a relationship between tomato intake and MetS in Korean middle aged women.
Taste Enhancing Effects of Enzyme Hydrolysates of Rice Protein Residue
Authors: Chung Ha-Yull , Lee Hyung-Jin
Published: September 2014

The taste properties of enzyme hydrolysates of rice protein residue were investigated, and then their taste enhancing effects were evaluated by examining the changes in total taste pattern after their addition to a yeast extract. While enzyme hydrolysates of rice protein residue showed different taste properties according to the enzyme that was used for hydrolysis, the Flavourzyme treated sample expressed the strongest umami and bitter taste among the enzyme treated samples. On the other hand, the Protamax treated sample showed considerable umami with a slight bitter taste so that it is expected to be suitable as a taste enhancing ingredient. Furthermore, by LC-MS/MS analysis, the effective fraction isolated from the Protamax treated sample was found to contain peptide fractions such as Ile-Gly- Tyr-Pro-Thr-Tyr-Pro-Leu-Pro-Arg (Mw: 1175); therefore, it is expected that the peptide fractions contained in Protamax hydrolysates of rice protein residue could be applied for preparing a natural taste enhancing ingredient.