bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Phosphoproteomic profiling of T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia reveals targetable kinases and combination treatment strategies
Authors: Cordo’ Valentina , Meijer Mariska T. , Hagelaar Rico , de Goeij-de Haas Richard R. , Poort Vera M. , Henneman Alex A. , Piersma Sander R. , Pham Thang V. , Oshima Koichi , Ferrando Adolfo A. , Zaman Guido J. R. , Jimenez Connie R. , Meijerink Jules P. P.
Published: February 2022

Protein kinase inhibitors are amongst the most successful cancer treatments, but targetable kinases activated by genomic abnormalities are rare in T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Nevertheless, kinases can be activated in the absence of genetic defects. Thus, phosphoproteomics can provide information on pathway activation and signaling networks that offer opportunities for targeted therapy. Here, we describe a mass spectrometry-based global phosphoproteomic profiling of 11 T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia cell lines to identify targetable kinases. We report a comprehensive dataset consisting of 21,000 phosphosites on 4,896 phosphoproteins, including 217 kinases. We identify active Src-family kinases signaling as well as active cyclin-dependent kinases. We validate putative targets for therapy ex vivo and identify potential combination treatments, such as the inhibition of the INSR/IGF-1R axis to increase the sensitivity to dasatinib treatment. Ex vivo validation of selected drug combinations using patient-derived xenografts provides a proof-of-concept for phosphoproteomics-guided design of personalized treatments.
Ultrafast visualization of incipient plasticity in dynamically compressed matter
Authors: Mo Mianzhen , Tang Minxue , Chen Zhijiang , Peterson J. Ryan , Shen Xiaozhe , Baldwin John Kevin , Frost Mungo , Kozina Mike , Reid Alexander , Wang Yongqiang , E Juncheng , Descamps Adrien , Ofori-Okai Benjamin K. , Li Renkai , Luo Sheng-Nian , Wang Xijie , Glenzer Siegfried
Published: February 2022

Plasticity is ubiquitous and plays a critical role in material deformation and damage; it inherently involves the atomistic length scale and picosecond time scale. A fundamental understanding of the elastic-plastic deformation transition, in particular, incipient plasticity, has been a grand challenge in high-pressure and high-strain-rate environments, impeded largely by experimental limitations on spatial and temporal resolution. Here, we report femtosecond MeV electron diffraction measurements visualizing the three-dimensional (3D) response of single-crystal aluminum to the ultrafast laser-induced compression. We capture lattice transitioning from a purely elastic to a plastically relaxed state within 5 ps, after reaching an elastic limit of ~25 GPa. Our results allow the direct determination of dislocation nucleation and transport that constitute the underlying defect kinetics of incipient plasticity. Large-scale molecular dynamics simulations show good agreement with the experiment and provide an atomic-level description of the dislocation-mediated plasticity.
Bamboo-inspired cell-scale assembly for energy device applications
Authors: Lin Qiuqin , Gao Runan , Li Daohao , Lu Yun , Liu Shiqin , Yu Yanglun , Huang Yuxiang , Yu Wenji
Published: February 2022

Rapid advances in flexible and wearable smart textiles demand low-cost, high-energy/power-density fiber-shaped supercapacitors (FSCs). The performance of FSCs is determined by the fabrication and assembly of fiber-shaped electrodes (FSEs), where an active charge-storage material is always clad around flexible charge transmission current collectors. Inspired by the tissue structure of natural bamboo, wherein parenchyma cells (PCs) that store nutrients are clad around bamboo fibers (BFs), we propose a strategy for converting bamboo cells into FSEs using conductive BFs and activated PCs as current collectors and active materials, respectively. The assembled electrode has a high specific capacitance of 1454 mF cm−2 at 0.64 mA cm−2. A solid-state FSC with a pair of bamboo-structured electrodes exhibited a substantially high energy density. Its mechanical flexibility enabled the knitting of wearable wristbands to drive ultra-small voltmeter indicators. This lightweight, low cost, and high-energy-density bamboo-structured FSC could enable numerous smart textile applications.
Chemical and molecular structure transformations in atomistic conformation of cellulose nanofibers under thermal environment
Authors: Pakharenko Viktoriya , Dias Otavio Augusto Titton , Mukherjee Sankha , Konar Samir , Singh Chandra Veer , Oksman Kristiina , Sain Mohini
Published: February 2022

The structural changes of the glucopyranose chain and the chemical compositional response of cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) under thermal exposure (at 190 °C for 5 h) have remained a significant gap in the understanding of the long-term performance of nanocellulose. Herein, CNF films with different chemical compositions were investigated to confirm the structural transformation of glucopyranose (coupling constant of OH groups changed up to 50%) by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis. Remarkably, the glucopyranose rings underwent partial dehydration during the thermal exposure resulting in enol formation. This study confirms the chain mobility that could lead to the conformational and dimensional changes of the CNFs during thermal exposure. The broad range of conformations was defined by the dihedral angles that varied from ±27° to ±139° after thermal exposure. Investigation into the mechanism involving chemical transformation of the substrates during heating is important for the fabrication of the next generation of flexible electrical materials.
Development of a polymeric biomedical device platform with controlled disassembly and in vivo testing in a swine intestinal model
Authors: Alghazali Karrer M. , Pedersen Alisha P. , Hamzah Rabab N. , Mulon Pierre-Yves , Rifkin Rebecca E. , Mhannawee Anwer , Nima Alsudani Zeid A. , Griffin Christopher , Muhi Malek A. H. , Mullen Nikki , Donnell Robert L. , Anderson David E. , Biris Alexandru S.
Published: February 2022

The aim of this study was to create a surgical guide platform that maintains its integrity while the surgeon performs an intestinal anastomosis or another similar procedure, which then breaks apart and is eliminated from the body in a controlled manner. The device contains mixed polymeric structures that give it a controlled rate of disassembly that could meet the requirements of a specific surgical purpose. The intraluminal anastomotic guide was manufactured as a hollow cylinder composed of layers of porous polyurethane/PCL with polyvinylpyrrolidone as the binding agent similar to a “brick–mortar” architecture. This combination of polymeric structures is a promising manufacturing method from which a variety of tunable devices can be fabricated for specific medical procedures and site-specific indications. The guide was designed to rapidly disassemble within the intestinal lumen after use, reliably degrading while maintaining sufficient mechanical rigidity and stability to support manipulation during complex surgical procedures. The nature of the device’s disassembly makes it suitable for use in hollow structures that discharge their contents, resulting in their elimination from the body. A swine model of intestinal anastomosis was utilized to validate the use and function of the device.
Four-dimensional computed tomography evaluation of shoulder joint motion in collegiate baseball pitchers
Authors: Momma Daisuke , Espinoza Orías Alejandro A. , Irie Tohru , Irie Tomoyo , Kondo Eiji , Iwasaki Norimasa , Inoue Nozomu
Published: February 2022

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the glenohumeral contact area, center of glenohumeral contact area, and center of humeral head during simulated pitching motion in collegiate baseball pitchers using four-dimensional computed tomography (4D CT). We obtained 4D CT data from the dominant and non-dominant shoulders of eight collegiate baseball pitchers during the cocking motion. CT image data of each joint were reconstructed using a 3D reconstruction software package. The glenohumeral contact area, center of glenohumeral contact area, center of humeral head, and oblateness of humeral head were calculated from 3D bone models using customized software. The center of glenohumeral contact area translated from anterior to posterior during maximum external rotation to maximum internal rotation (0.58 ± 0.63 mm on the dominant side and 0.99 ± 0.82 mm on the non-dominant side). The center of humeral head translated from posterior to anterior during maximum external rotation to maximum internal rotation (0.76 ± 0.75 mm on the dominant side and 1.21 ± 0.78 mm on the non-dominant side). The increase in anterior translation of the center of glenohumeral contact area was associated with the increase in posterior translation of the center of humeral head. Also, the increase in translation of the center of humeral head and glenohumeral contact area were associated with the increase in oblateness of the humeral head. 4D CT analyses demonstrated that the center of humeral head translated in the opposite direction to that of the center of glenohumeral contact area during external rotation to internal rotation in abduction in the dominant and non-dominant shoulders. The oblateness of the humeral head may cause this diametric translation. 4D CT scanning and the software for bone surface modeling of the glenohumeral joint enabled quantitative assessment of glenohumeral micromotion and be used for kinematic evaluation of throwing athletes.
Effects of training and using an audio-tactile sensory substitution device on speech-in-noise understanding
Authors: Cieśla K. , Wolak T. , Lorens A. , Mentzel M. , Skarżyński H. , Amedi A.
Published: February 2022

Understanding speech in background noise is challenging. Wearing face-masks, imposed by the COVID19-pandemics, makes it even harder. We developed a multi-sensory setup, including a sensory substitution device (SSD) that can deliver speech simultaneously through audition and as vibrations on the fingertips. The vibrations correspond to low frequencies extracted from the speech input. We trained two groups of non-native English speakers in understanding distorted speech in noise. After a short session (30–45 min) of repeating sentences, with or without concurrent matching vibrations, we showed comparable mean group improvement of 14–16 dB in Speech Reception Threshold (SRT) in two test conditions, i.e., when the participants were asked to repeat sentences only from hearing and also when matching vibrations on fingertips were present. This is a very strong effect, if one considers that a 10 dB difference corresponds to doubling of the perceived loudness. The number of sentence repetitions needed for both types of training to complete the task was comparable. Meanwhile, the mean group SNR for the audio-tactile training (14.7 ± 8.7) was significantly lower (harder) than for the auditory training (23.9 ± 11.8), which indicates a potential facilitating effect of the added vibrations. In addition, both before and after training most of the participants (70–80%) showed better performance (by mean 4–6 dB) in speech-in-noise understanding when the audio sentences were accompanied with matching vibrations. This is the same magnitude of multisensory benefit that we reported, with no training at all, in our previous study using the same experimental procedures. After training, performance in this test condition was also best in both groups (SRT ~ 2 dB). The least significant effect of both training types was found in the third test condition, i.e. when participants were repeating sentences accompanied with non-matching tactile vibrations and the performance in this condition was also poorest after training. The results indicate that both types of training may remove some level of difficulty in sound perception, which might enable a more proper use of speech inputs delivered via vibrotactile stimulation. We discuss the implications of these novel findings with respect to basic science. In particular, we show that even in adulthood, i.e. long after the classical “critical periods” of development have passed, a new pairing between a certain computation (here, speech processing) and an atypical sensory modality (here, touch) can be established and trained, and that this process can be rapid and intuitive. We further present possible applications of our training program and the SSD for auditory rehabilitation in patients with hearing (and sight) deficits, as well as healthy individuals in suboptimal acoustic situations.
Splitting of droplet with different sizes inside a symmetric T-junction microchannel using an electric field
Authors: Fallah Keivan , Fattahi Ehsan
Published: February 2022

In the current study, droplets dynamics under an asymmetric electric field in a T-junction are numerically studied using COMSOL Multi-physics software. The effect of different factors such as dimensionless length of mother droplet (L*), Capillary number (Ca), and electric capillary number (Cae) are investigated on the breakup process in symmetric T-junctions. Two novel patterns of droplets, namely, hybrid asymmetric splitting mode and sorting patterns, have been observed by imposing an electric field in one branch of the microchannel. It is also concluded that using an electric field is a promising strategy to reach droplets with arbitrary sizes and control over the splitting ratio of daughter droplets precisely in a T- junction by adjusting the electric field strength. After a certain electric capillary number ($$\left. {Ca_{e} } \right|_{Sorting}$$

C

a
e

Sorting

), the mother droplet does not breakup and is sorted on the side of the branch that the electric field imposes. Furthermore, $$\left. {Ca_{e} } \right|_{Sorting}$$

C

a
e

Sorting

increases with the increment of L* and Ca.
Field experiments of different fracturing designs in tight conglomerate oil reservoirs
Authors: Zhang Daiyan , Ma Shiying , Zhang Jing , Zhu Yue , Wang Bin , Zhu Jian , Fan Xibin , Yang Hu , Liang Tianbo
Published: February 2022

Mahu oilfield is currently the largest tight conglomerate reservoir in the world, where Ma-131 and Ma-18 plays are the first two commercially developed reservoirs. In order to reduce the cost and explore the best fracturing parameters, field experiments have been conducted in these two plays since 2017. Types of proppant and fracturing fluid, the slickwater ratio, and the fracture spacing are mainly changed for comparison, and fracturing effects are evaluated to establish a reference for developing neighboring plays in the Mahu oilfield. This paper summarizes the fracturing parameters and production histories of 74 wells in Ma-131 and Ma-18 plays during four years of field operations. Firstly, results indicate that silica sands perform similar to ceramics in the Ma-131 play where the reservoir depth is smaller than 3300 m; however, in the Ma-18 play where the reservoir is deeper than 3500 m, increasing the sand volume by 1.1–1.2 times still cannot reach the production in wells using ceramics. Secondly, when the fracture spacing is reduced, both oil production and water flowback become even smaller in wells using sands than those using ceramics; this is due to the increase of closure pressure and decrease of fluid volume per cluster respectively. Thirdly, when the crosslinked guar is replaced by the slickwater, no obvious change in oil production is noticed even though the volume of fracturing fluid is almost doubled; limited lengths of propped fractures due to the poor proppant-carrying ability of slickwater likely offset the production enhancement from the decrease of formation damage by slickwater. This paper summarizes learnings from the field experiments during the four-year development of the Mahu oilfield, and help guide the optimization of hydraulic fracturing parameters for future wells.
Genome-wide characterization of the sorghum JAZ gene family and their responses to phytohormone treatments and aphid infestation
Authors: Shrestha Kumar , Huang Yinghua
Published: February 2022

Jasmonate ZIM-domain (JAZ) proteins are the key repressors of the jasmonic acid (JA) signal transduction pathway and play a crucial role in stress-related defense, phytohormone crosstalk and modulation of the growth-defense tradeoff. In this study, the sorghum genome was analyzed through genome-wide comparison and domain scan analysis, which led to the identification of 18 sorghum JAZ (SbJAZ) genes. All SbJAZ proteins possess the conserved TIFY and Jas domains and they formed a phylogenetic tree with five clusters related to the orthologs of other plant species. Similarly, evolutionary analysis indicated the duplication events as a major force of expansion of the SbJAZ genes and there was strong neutral and purifying selection going on. In silico analysis of the promoter region of the SbJAZ genes indicates that SbJAZ5, SbJAZ6, SbJAZ13, SbJAZ16 and SbJAZ17 are rich in stress-related cis-elements. In addition, expression profiling of the SbJAZ genes in response to phytohormones treatment (JA, ET, ABA, GA) and sugarcane aphid (SCA) was performed in two recombinant inbred lines (RILs) of sorghum, resistant (RIL 521) and susceptible (RIL 609) to SCA. Taken together, data generated from phytohormone expression and in silico analysis suggests the putative role of SbJAZ9 in JA-ABA crosstalk and SbJAZ16 in JA-ABA and JA-GA crosstalk to regulate certain physiological processes. Notably, upregulation of SbJAZ1, SbJAZ5, SbJAZ13 and SbJAZ16 in resistant RIL during JA treatment and SCA infestation suggests putative functions in stress-related defense and to balance the plant defense to promote growth. Overall, this report provides valuable insight into the organization and functional characterization of the sorghum JAZ gene family.
Duchenne muscular dystrophy gene expression is an independent prognostic marker for IDH mutant low-grade glioma
Authors: Naidoo Michael , Jones Leanne , Conboy Benjamin , Hamarneh Wael , D’Souza Darwin , Anthony Karen , Machado Lee R.
Published: February 2022

Alterations in the expression of the Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) gene have been associated with the development, progression and survival outcomes of numerous cancers including tumours of the central nervous system. We undertook a detailed bioinformatic analysis of low-grade glioma (LGG) bulk RNAseq data to characterise the association between DMD expression and LGG survival outcomes. High DMD expression was significantly associated with poor survival in LGG with a difference in median overall survival between high and low DMD groups of over 7 years (P = < 0.0001). In a multivariate model, DMD expression remained significant (P = 0.02) and was an independent prognostic marker for LGG. The effect of DMD expression on overall survival was only apparent in isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutant cases where non-1p/19q co-deleted LGG patients could be further stratified into high/low DMD groups. Patients in the high DMD group had a median overall survival time almost halve that of the low DMD group. The expression of the individual DMD gene products Dp71, Dp71ab and Dp427m were also significantly associated with overall survival in LGG which have differential biological effects relevant to the pathogenesis of LGG. Differential gene expression and pathway analysis identifies dysregulated biological processes relating to ribosome biogenesis, synaptic signalling, neurodevelopment, morphogenesis and immune pathways. Genes spanning almost the entirety of chromosome 1p are upregulated in patients with high overall DMD, Dp71 and Dp427m expression which worsens survival outcomes for these patients. We confirmed dystrophin protein is variably expressed in LGG tumour tissue by immunohistochemistry and, overall, demonstrate that DMD expression has potential utility as an independent prognostic marker which can further stratify IDH mutant LGG to identify those at risk of poor survival. This knowledge may improve risk stratification and management of LGG.
Effect of berry-based supplements and foods on cognitive function: a systematic review
Authors: Bonyadi Negar , Dolatkhah Neda , Salekzamani Yaghoub , Hashemian Maryam
Published: February 2022

In the current decade, a growing body of evidence has proposed the correlation between diet and cognitive function or dementia in the ageing population. This study was designed to appraise discoveries from the randomized controlled trials to confirm the effects of berry-based supplements or foods on cognitive function in older adults. PubMed/MEDLINE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Web of Science, Scopus, EMBASE, Google Scholar, and ProQuest as well as SID, Magiran, and Iranmedex electronic databases were explored for human interventional studies up to March 2021. In total, eleven articles were identified using frozen blueberry (n = 4 studies), blueberry concentrate (n = 2), beverage (n = 3), capsule (n = 1), extract and powder (n = 1). These studies had been performed among older people with no recognized cognitive impairment or mild cognitive impairment (MCI). The primary outcomes included global cognitive function, psychomotor function, learning and memory, working memory capacity, executive functions, and brain perfusion/activity. To our knowledge, this is the first systematic review of available clinical trials on the effects of berry-based supplements and foods on cognitive performances as well as brain perfusion parameters among the elderly with normal cognition or MCI. Existing evidence concludes that berry-based supplements and foods have beneficial effects on resting brain perfusion, cognitive function, memory performance, executive functioning, processing speed, and attention indices.
Recovery of polyphenols from distillery stillage by microwave-assisted, ultrasound-assisted and conventional solid–liquid extraction
Authors: Mikucka Wioleta , Zielinska Magdalena , Bulkowska Katarzyna , Witonska Izabela
Published: February 2022

Recovery of bioactive compounds from distillery waste could be an option for valorizing this waste. This study investigated how the extraction of polyphenols (which have antioxidant activity) from distillery stillage was affected by solvent type and concentration, extraction time, and method of extraction (conventional solid–liquid extraction, CSLE; ultrasound-assisted extraction, UAE; microwave-assisted extraction, MAE). Although recovery was similar with UAE and MAE, 3 min MAE with 80% ethanol and 80% methanol produced the highest yields of total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC) and phenolic acids. With CSLE, TPC was 2.1–1.8-times lower than with MAE and 1.7–1.4-times lower than with UAE. Increasing the solvent concentration to 100% significantly decreased recovery. Six phenolic acids were recovered (ferulic and p-coumaric acid predominated), which were present mainly in the free form. There was a significant positive correlation between antioxidant activity, as measured with three methods (one based on the hydrogen atom transfer and two based on single electron transfer mechanisms), and phenolic acid content. With MAE and UAE, polyphenols were recovered more efficiently, with 2.1 times and 1.5 times higher antioxidant activity, and with 15 times and 9 times shorter extraction times, respectively, than with CSLE; thus, they can be considered "green" alternatives to CSLE.
A cell-free self-replenishing CO2-fixing system
Authors: Luo Shanshan , Lin Paul P. , Nieh Liang-Yu , Liao Guan-Bo , Tang Po-Wen , Chen Chi , Liao James C.
Published: February 2022

Biological CO2 fixation is so far the most effective means for CO2 reduction at scale and accounts for most of the CO2 fixed on Earth. Through this process, carbon is fixed in cellular components and biomass during organismal growth. To uncouple CO2 fixation from growth and cellular regulation, cell-free CO2 fixation systems represent an alternative approach since the rate can be independently manipulated. Here we designed an oxygen-insensitive, self-replenishing CO2 fixation system with opto-sensing. The system comprises a synthetic reductive glyoxylate and pyruvate synthesis (rGPS) cycle and the malyl-CoA-glycerate (MCG) pathway to produce acetyl-coenzyme A (CoA), pyruvate and malate from CO2, which are also intermediates in the cycle. We solved various problems associated with the in vitro system, and implemented opto-sensing modules to control the regeneration of cofactors. We accomplished sustained operation for 6 hours with a CO2-fixing rate comparable to or greater than typical CO2 fixation rates of photosynthetic or lithoautotrophic organisms.
An amphiprotic paper-based electrode for glucose detection based on layered carbon nanotubes with silver and polystyrene particles
Authors: Zheng Yajun , Li Yu , Fan Libin , Yao Hedan , Zhang Zhiping
Published: February 2022

A simple, rapid, sensitive, and low cost CNT-NH2–Ag/PS paper electrode was constructed by vacuum filtration and subsequent high temperature baking for glucose sensing with a wide linear range, low detection limit, and high sensitivity.
A predicted new catalyst to replace noble metal Pd for CO oxidative coupling to DMO
Authors: Zhao Juan , Yin Li-Fei , Ling Li-Xia , Zhang Ri-Guang , Fan Mao-Hong , Wang Bao-Jun
Published: February 2022

The reaction mechanisms of CO oxidative coupling to dimethyl oxalate (DMO) on different β-Mo2C(001) based catalysts have been studied by the density functional theory (DFT) method.
Carbonaceous materials are not suitable catalysts for direct NO decomposition in exhaust aftertreatment
Authors: Vennewald Maurice , Iemhoff Andree , Ditz Daniel , Palkovits Regina
Published: February 2022

New approaches for direct NO decomposition catalysis are urgently needed, but using carbonaceous supports appears not to be the way to go.
Impacts of a porous hollow silica nanoparticle-encapsulated pesticide applied to soils on plant growth and soil microbial community
Authors: Bueno Vinicius , Wang Peiying , Harrisson Orfeo , Bayen Stéphane , Ghoshal Subhasis
Published: February 2022

Nanoencapsulated pesticide treatment reduced phytotoxicity and enhanced pesticide uptake when compared to non-encapsulated pesticide treatment.
Performance of AnMBRs treating low strength wastewater with different carbon sources at decreasing HRTs and its linkage to Methanosaeta with high specific affinity
Authors: Hou Liyuan , Hu Zhiqiang
Published: February 2022

Minimum hydraulic retention time needs to be considered to avoid methanogenesis inhibition for complex substrates in anaerobic membrane bioreactor for low-strength wastewater treatment.
Development of a synthetic equivalent of α,α-dicationic acetic acid leading to unnatural amino acid derivatives via tetrafunctionalized methanes
Authors: Asahara Haruyasu , Bonkohara Atsushi , Takagi Masaya , Iwai Kento , Ito Akitaka , Yoshioka Kotaro , Tani Shinki , Umezu Kazuto , Nishiwaki Nagatoshi
Published: February 2022

DEMO serves as a synthetic equivalent of dicationic acetic acid to facilitate nucleophilic introduction of two kinds of substituents via N-acylimine, which affords tryptophan homologs.
Indole-functionalized cross-linked chitosan for effective uptake of uranium(vi) from aqueous solution
Authors: Wang Yan , Ai Yuyong , Liu Xiaolin , Chen Bowei , Zhang Yong
Published: February 2022

A new type of indole-modified cross-linked chitosan aerogel was successfully constructed, which possessed high adsorption capacity (847.5 mg g−1) for uranium via synergistic effect of cation-π interaction and complexation with easy regeneration.
Synthesis of 4-thiouridines with prodrug functionalization for RNA metabolic labeling
Authors: Moreno Sarah , Brunner Melanie , Delazer Isabel , Rieder Dietmar , Lusser Alexandra , Micura Ronald
Published: February 2022

Synthetic access to 4-thiouridine (4sU) derivatives with monophosphate prodrug patterns creates additional possibilities for metabolic labeling of RNA for different applications.
Functionality and design of Co-MOFs: unique opportunities in electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction reaction
Authors: Imran Muhammad , Ikram Muhammad , Dilpazir Sobia , Naseem Bushra , Lin Yanjun , Pan Junqing
Published: February 2022

The first report highlighting miraculous and intelligent electrocatalysts that can be tailored to form useful structures and morphologies with active sites for the oxygen reduction reaction.
Retraction: Efficient in vivo wound healing using noble metal nanoclusters
Authors: Li Kuo , Li Dan , Li Cheng-Hsuan , Zhuang Pengfei , Dai Chunmei , Hu Xiangka , Wang Dahao , Liu Yuanye , Mei Xifan , Rotello Vincent M.
Published: February 2022

Retraction of ‘Efficient in vivo wound healing using noble metal nanoclusters’ by Kuo Li et al. Nanoscale, 2021, 13, 6531–6537. DOI: 10.1039/D0NR07176E.
Total synthesis of proposed elgonene C and its (4R,5R)-diastereomer
Authors: Mandal Sudip , Thirupathi Barla
Published: February 2022

Total synthesis of the proposed elgonene C and its (4R,5R)-diastereomer has been achieved by using oxazaborolidinium ion-catalysed Diels–Alder reaction, Sharpless dihydroxylation, and a Ni-catalysed redox-active ester, carboxyl coupling as key steps.
The shades of grey in adipose tissue reprogramming
Authors: Qi Yue , Hui Xiaoyan
Published: February 2022

The adipose tissue (AT) has a major role in contributing to obesity-related pathologies through regulating systemic immunometabolism. The pathogenicity of the AT is underpinned by its remarkable plasticity to be reprogrammed during obesity, in the perspectives of tissue morphology, extracellular matrix (ECM) composition, angiogenesis, immunometabolic homoeostasis and circadian rhythmicity. Dysregulation in these features escalates the pathogenesis conferred by this endometabolic organ. Intriguingly, the potential to be reprogrammed appears to be an Achilles’ heel of the obese AT that can be targeted for the management of obesity and its associated comorbidities. Here, we provide an overview of the reprogramming processes of white AT (WAT), with a focus on their dynamics and pleiotropic actions over local and systemic homoeostases, followed by a discussion of potential strategies favouring therapeutic reprogramming. The potential involvement of AT remodelling in the pathogenesis of COVID-19 is also discussed.
Sparse processing with range migration compensation capability for a frequency agile orthogonal frequency division multiplexing waveform
Authors: Wang Hao , Wang Feng , Zhang Yipeng , Ding Shoufeng
Published: February 2022

Digital‐to‐analogue and analogue‐to‐digital in a digital array radar limits the transmission and reception of instantaneous broadband signals (IBSs), which makes it a technical bottleneck for digital array radar to obtain an instantaneous broadband high‐resolution range profile (HRRP). A frequency‐agile orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) waveform with a high repetition frequency pulse train is proposed, which uses multiple narrowband OFDM to realise large bandwidth so that the digital array radar can easily realise the broadband working mode. This frequency hopping signal makes the digital array radar have the characteristics of broadband HRRP formation and low interception simultaneously. To solve the problem of range migration caused by high‐speed moving targets, a two‐stage sparse processing algorithm with range migration compensation capability (FS‐RMCSP) in slow time and fast time domains is proposed. By constructing a sparse processing dictionary matrix with range compensation operator according to the phase offset of the moving target echo, the proposed algorithm can complete the compensation of target range migration with high resolution, accurately recover the range‐Doppler parameters of target, and realise the coherent accumulation of target echo. The simulation results show that this waveform can obtain the range‐Doppler high‐resolution characteristics equivalent to the IBS in the radar tracking working mode. Compared with the conventional sparse signal processing algorithm, the FS‐RMCSP algorithm significantly improves the performance of target reconstruction in the scene of high‐speed moving targets.
Modelling simple stellar populations in the near-ultraviolet to near-infrared with the X-shooter Spectral Library (XSL)
Authors: Verro K. , Trager S. C. , Peletier R. F. , Lançon A. , Arentsen A. , Chen Y.-P. , Coelho P. R. T. , Dries M. , Falcón-Barroso J. , Gonneau A. , Lyubenova M. , Martins L. , Prugniel P. , Sánchez-Blázquez P. , Vazdekis A.
Published: February 2022

We present simple stellar population models based on the empirical X-shooter Spectral Library (XSL) from near-ultraviolet (NUV) to near-infrared (NIR) wavelengths. The unmatched characteristics of the relatively high resolution and extended wavelength coverage (350–2480 nm, R ∼ 10 000) of the XSL population models bring us closer to bridging optical and NIR studies of intermediate-age and old stellar populations. It is now common to find good agreement between observed and predicted NUV and optical properties of stellar clusters due to our good understanding of the main-sequence and early giant phases of stars. However, NIR spectra of intermediate-age and old stellar populations are sensitive to cool K and M giants. The asymptotic giant branch, especially the thermally pulsing asymptotic giant branch, shapes the NIR spectra of 0.5–2 Gyr old stellar populations; the tip of the red giant branch defines the NIR spectra of older populations. We therefore construct sequences of the average spectra of static giants, variable O-rich giants, and C-rich giants to be included in the models separately. The models span the metallicity range −2.2 < [Fe/H] < +0.2 and ages above 50 Myr, a broader range in the NIR than in other models based on empirical spectral libraries. We focus on the behaviour of colours and absorption-line indices as a function of age and metallicity. Our models can reproduce the integrated optical colours of the Coma cluster galaxies at the same level as other semi-empirical models found in the literature. In the NIR, there are notable differences between the colours of the models and Coma cluster galaxies. Furthermore, the XSL models expand the range of predicted values of NIR indices compared to other models based on empirical libraries. Our models make it possible to perform in-depth studies of colours and spectral features consistently throughout the optical and the NIR range to clarify the role of evolved cool stars in stellar populations.
The polar orbit of the warm Neptune GJ 436b seen with VLT/ESPRESSO
Authors: Bourrier V. , Zapatero Osorio M. R. , Allart R. , Attia O. , Cretignier M. , Dumusque X. , Lovis C. , Adibekyan V. , Borsa F. , Figueira P. , Hernández J. I. González , Mehner A. , Santos N. C. , Schmidt T. , Seidel J. V. , Sozzetti A. , Alibert Y. , Casasayas-Barris N. , Ehrenreich D. , Lo Curto G. , Martins C. J. A. P. , Di Marcantonio P. , Mégevand D. , Nunes N. J. , Palle E. , Poretti E. , Sousa S. G.
Published: February 2022

GJ 436b might be the prototype of warm Neptunes that have undergone late migration induced by an outer companion. Precise determination of the orbital architecture of such systems is critical to constraining their dynamical history and evaluating the role of delayed migration in the exoplanet population. To this purpose we analyzed the Rossiter–McLaughlin (RM) signal of GJ 436 b in two transits – recently observed with ESPRESSO – using three different techniques. The high level of precision achieved in radial velocity (RV) measurements allows us to detect the deviation from the Keplerian orbit, despite the slow rotation of the M dwarf host (v sin i* = 272.0−34.0+40.0 m s−1), and to measure the sky-projected obliquity (λ = 102.5−18.5+17.2°). The Reloaded RM technique, which allows the stellar RV field along the transit chord to be analyzed, yields λ = 107.5−19.3+26.6° and v sin i* = 292.9−49.9+41.9 m s−1. The RM Revolutions technique, which allows us to fit the spectral profiles from all planet-occulted regions together, yields λ = 114.1−17.8+22.8° and v sin i* = 300.5−57.0+45.9 m s−1. The consistent results between these three techniques, and with published results from HARPS/HARPS-N data, confirm the polar orbit of GJ 436b and support the hypothesis that its origin lies in Kozai migration. Results from a joint RM Revolutions analysis of the ESPRESSO, HARPS, and HARPS-N datasets (λ = 113.5−17.3+23.3°; v sin i* = 293.5−52.2+43.7 m s−1) combined with a revised stellar inclination (i* = 35.7−7.6+5.9° or 144.2−5.9+7.6°) lead us to constrain the 3D obliquity Ψ to 103.2−11.5+12.8°.
A quantitative assessment of the VO line list: Inaccuracies hamper high-resolution VO detections in exoplanet atmospheres
Authors: de Regt S. , Kesseli A. Y. , Snellen I. A. G. , Merritt S. R. , Chubb K. L.
Published: February 2022

Context.Metal hydrides and oxides are important species in hot-Jupiters since they can affect their energy budgets and the thermal structure of their atmospheres. One such species is vanadium-oxide (VO), which is prominent in stellar M-dwarf spectra. Evidence for VO has been found in the low-resolution transmission spectrum of WASP-121b, but this has not been confirmed at high resolution. It has been suggested that this is due to inaccuracies in its line list.

Aims.In this paper, we quantitatively evaluate the VO line list and assess whether inaccuracies are indeed the reason for the non-detections at high resolution in WASP-121b. Furthermore, we investigate whether the detectability can be improved by selecting only those lines associated with the most accurate quantum transitions.

Methods.A cross-correlation analysis was applied to archival High Accuracy Radial velocity Planet Searcher and CARMENES spectra of several M-dwarfs. VO cross-correlation signals from the spectra were compared with those in which synthetic VO models were injected, providing an estimate of the ratio between the potential strength (in case of a perfect model) and the observed strength of the signal. This was repeated for the reduced model covering the most accurate quantum transitions. The findings were subsequently fed into injection and recovery tests of VO in a Ultraviolet and Visual Echelle Spectrograph transmission spectrum of WASP-121b.

Results.We find that inaccuracies cause cross-correlation signals from VO in M-dwarf spectra to be suppressed by about a factor 2.1 and 1.1 for the complete and reduced line lists, respectively, corresponding to a reduced observing efficiency of a factor 4.3 and 1.2. The reduced line list outperforms the complete line list in recovering the actual VO signal in the M-dwarf spectra by about a factor of 1.8. Neither line list results in a VO detection in WASP-121b. Injection tests show that with the reduced efficiency of the line lists, the potential signal as seen at low resolution is not detectable in these data.
Hausärztliche Einschätzungen zur Verbesserung der Palliativversorgung an der Schnittstelle zur spezialisierten ambulanten Palliativversorgung (SAPV)
Authors: Stichling Kathleen , Bleidorn Jutta , Krause Markus , Meißner Winfried , Wedding Ulrich , Bauer Anna , Krauss Sabine H. , Schneider Werner , Jansky Maximiliane , Nauck Friedemann , Vollmar Horst Christian , Schulz Sven , Freytag Antje
Published: February 2022

Ziel der Studie Erhebung von Perspektiven palliativversorgender Hausärzte (HÄ)1 an der Schnittstelle zur SAPV und Verbesserungsvorschläge.

Methodik Querschnittliche Befragung von HÄ aus acht Kassenärztlichen Vereinigungen (KV). Quantitative Analyse von 1144 Fragebögen zu Verbesserungsvorschlägen und qualitative Analyse von 187 Freitextkommentaren.

Ergebnisse Eine bessere Qualifikation ambulanter Pflegedienste wurde am häufigsten (91,7 %) als wichtige Rahmenbedingung für die hausärztliche Palliativversorgung (PV) genannt. Die 187 Freitextkommentare adressierten vielschichtige Dimensionen hausärztlich erlebter PV: HÄ betonen ihre zentrale Rolle; die Beurteilung der SAPV-Einbindung variiert von Ressource bis zur hausärztlichen Ausgrenzung aus der Versorgung und Kompetenzabschreibung.

Schlussfolgerung Geäußerte Lösungsansätze für empfundene Defizite sollten Gehör finden, wenn sie zu einer effizienten Deckung des PV-Bedarfs beitragen: bessere Qualifizierung der Pflegedienste; Vermeidung von Ausgrenzung von HÄ aus der Versorgung bei SAPV-Einbindung; bessere Vernetzung aller Akteure.
Die seltenen Histiozytosen (Non-Langerhans-Zell-Histiozytosen)
Authors: Classen Carl Friedrich
Published: February 2022

Seltene Histiozytosen, auch Non-Langerhans-Zell-Histiozytosen, sind alle proliferativen Erkrankungen der Histiozyten außer den Langerhans-Zell-Histiozytosen (LCH) und Hämophagozytischen Lymphohistiozytosen (HLH): benigne oder maligne, lokalisierte oder systemische, adulte oder pädiatrische Erkrankungen. Eine 2016 publizierte Klassifikation definiert Subgruppen als L-Gruppe (LCH-ähnlich, hierzu die Erdheim-Chester-Erkrankung, ECD), C-Gruppe (kutan/mukokutan, u. a. die Xanthogranulomatosen, XG), M-Gruppe (maligne Histiozytosen, MH), R-Gruppe (Rosai-Dorfman-Erkrankung, RDD, ähnlich) und H-Gruppe (HLH-ähnlich). In der Pädiatrie am häufigsten sind XG und RDD. Manche haben eine exzellente Prognose (v. a. C-Gruppe und RDD, mit Ausnahmen), andere sind rasch fatal (v. a. MH). So reicht die Therapie von wait-and-see bis zu intensiver Chemotherapie. Zunehmend werden klonale Veränderungen, v. a. im RAS/RAF- bzw. MAPK-Signalweg, identifiziert, mit der Möglichkeit von „targeted“ Therapien. Erfahrungen sind aber noch kaum publiziert, was die systematische Erfassung – in Deutschland im Register Seltene Histiozytosen als Teil des International Rare Histocytic Disorder Registry (Toronto) – nötig macht.
Gastrointestinale Tumoren
Authors: Schmale Ine
Published: February 2022

Die zielgerichtete Therapie hat sich bei gastrointestinalen Tumoren etabliert. Im Rahmen der Jahrestagung der European Society for Medical Oncology (ESMO) wurden neue Zielstrukturen diskutiert, welche das vorhandene Armamentarium individueller Therapien ergänzen können.
Pyruvatkinasemangel der Erythrozyten
Authors: Klothaki Paraskevi , Kollmar Nina , Nathrath Michaela
Published: February 2022

Die kongenitalen hämolytischen Anämien sind seltene Störungen der Hämatopoese und stellen eine diagnostische und therapeutische Herausforderung für den Allgemeinpädiater und den Neonatologen dar. Zur Differenzialdiagnose gehören die Enzymdefekte der Erythrozyten. Diese betreffen einen der drei Stoffwechselwege der Erythrozyten: den Embden-Meyerhof-Weg (Glykolyse), den Pentosephosphatweg oder den Nukleotidstoffwechsel. Der häufigste Enzymdefekt der Glykolyse ist der Pyruvatkinasemangel (PK-Mangel). Es handelt sich dabei um eine seltene hereditäre nicht sphärozytäre hämolytische Anämie. Die Prävalenz des diagnostizierten PK-Mangels wird zwischen 3,2 und 8,5 pro Million Einwohner geschätzt 14. Vermutlich ist die Prävalenz aufgrund der vielen nicht diagnostizierten Fällen deutlich höher 14. Im Rahmen dieses Beitrags wird ein diagnostischer Algorithmus präsentiert, der als Leitfaden für den Allgemeinpädiater und den Neonatologen dienen soll.
Auf die Auswahl kommt es an: Die Stichprobe
Authors: Mehrholz Jan
Published: February 2022

Um eine Studie durchführen zu können, brauchen Forschende Teilnehmer*innen. Diese können sie zuf ällig oder willkürlich ausw ählen, jede Vorgehensweise hat ihre Berechtigung. Erfahren Sie hier, wann welches Prinzip angezeigt ist.
Das Hebammengesetz – wie es Theorie und Praxis neu verknüpft
Authors: Schlüter-Cruse Martina
Published: February 2022

Mit dem Inkrafttreten des neuen Hebammengesetzes im Januar 2020 wurde ein umfassender Reformprozess in der Hebammenausbildung eingeleitet. Hebammen werden zukünftig akademisch qualifiziert, das Studium ist als duales Studium aufgebaut. Mit der Ausgestaltung des neuen Hebammengesetzes entstehen neue Wege der Verzahnung von Theorie und Praxis, die im vorliegenden Beitrag aufgegriffen werden.
Pädagogische Aspekte von Online-Schulungen und -Seminaren
Authors: Schnellbächer Elisabeth
Published: February 2022

Mit Ausbruch der COVID-19-Pandemie gilt es Kontakthäufigkeiten und -zeiten zu reduzieren, um Ansteckungen möglichst zu vermeiden. Dies durchzieht alle Lebensbereiche, einschließlich Arzt-Patientenkontakte und Präsenz-Patienten-Schulungen.
Multiples Myelom
Authors: Arnheim Katharina
Published: February 2022

Bei neu diagnostizierten transplantationsfähigen Patienten mit Multiplem Myelom (MM) hat sich ein weiteres Quadrupelregime in der Induktionstherapie bewährt: Mit der Viererkombination Isatuximab, Bortezomib, Lenalidomid und Dexamethason (Isa-VRd) wurde eine signifikant stärkere Eradikation der minimalen Resterkrankung (MRD, minimal residual disease) erreicht als mit Bortezomib, Lenalidomid und Dexamethason (VRd) allein.
Krebsassoziierte Gerinnungsstörungen
Authors: Arnheim Katharina
Published: February 2022

Auf der Jahrestagung der American Society of Hematology (ASH) werden traditionell nicht nur Studienergebnisse zu hämatologischen Neoplasien vorgestellt. Ein wichtiges Themengebiet sind darüber hinaus Blutungs- und Gerinnungsstörungen. So gibt es neue Daten zu einem innovativen Wirkprinzip bei Hämophilie-Patienten und zum Vergleich von niedermolekularem Heparin (NMH) und direkten oralen Antikoagulanzien (DOAK) bei krebsassoziierten Thrombosen (CAT).
Multiples Myelom
Authors: Schmale Ine
Published: February 2022

Für die Behandlung des multiplen Myeloms (MM) steht uns ein großes Armamentarium zur Verfügung. In welcher Sequenz wirksame Substanzen wie Daratumumab eingesetzt werden sollten, wurde in einer indirekten Studienanalyse retrospektiv untersucht. Für spätere Therapielinien zeichnen sich neue Therapiestrategien durch innovative Kombinationen ab.
Immediate Postpartum Copper IUD: A Comparative Analysis between Profiles of Women who Accept and who Refuse it
Authors: Ferreira Paula Batista , Utiyama Raul Yao , Tamanaha Sonia , Fukunaga Erika Tiemi
Published: February 2022

Objective To analyze the profiles of women who accepted and who refused the insertion of the copper intrauterine device (IUD) postpartum and to learn the motivations related to the refusal of the method.

Methods Cross-sectional study with 299 pregnant women. The women were informed about the possibility of inserting a copper IUD postpartum and were questioned about their interest in adopting or not this contraceptive. All participants answered a questionnaire with information relevant to the proposals of the present study. The sample size was limited to the number of devices available for the present study.

Results A total of 560 women were invited to join the present study and 299 accepted. Out of the 299 women included in the present study, 175 accepted the copper IUD and 124 refused. As the number of pregnancies increased, the IUD acceptance rate raised (p = 0.002), especially between the groups with 1 and with ≥ 4 pregnancies (p = 0.013). Regarding the desire to have more children, the women who planned to have more children were more likely to refuse the method than the ones who did not (p < 0,001).

Conclusion Women with multiple pregnancies and desire to not have more children were more likely to accept the copper IUD. The profile of those who refused was first pregnancy and desire to have more children. Among the three most frequent reasons reported for copper IUD rejection, two responses stood out: no specific justification and desire to have more children.