bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The revised remote area nurse model of consultation
Authors: Lenthall Sue , Knight Sabina , Watson Colin , Byers Lyn , Cameron Fiona , Wright John , West Sally , West Roianne , Ford Madeline , Mobsby Stuart , Pennington Katie , Ajayi Oluwatobi
Published: November 2024

Aim

The aim of this revision was to update the Remote Area Nurse (RAN) Model of Consultation (MoC) and was prompted by publication of the National Rural and Remote Nursing Generalist Framework (2013–2018), shifts in RAN workforce patterns, community health patterns and technology use.

Context

Rural and remote residents face higher rates of hospitalisations, deaths and poorer access to health care with a significant burden of avoidable fatal conditions among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples. Health care is mostly provided by RANs and Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Health Practitioners (ATSIHPs), addressing diverse health needs, a mobile population and navigating cross‐cultural situations. Despite challenges such as clinician shortages, RANs manage a significant portion of non‐emergency consultations. The RAN MoC was developed to ensure comprehensive, systematic and person‐centred care and to mitigate risk to the client, the nurse and the health service.

Approach

The 11 expert panel members, all authors, revised the RAN MoC through a series of Microsoft Teams meetings, one face‐to‐face meeting and an exchange of emails. The principles were reorganised under the four domains of the National Rural and Remote Nursing Generalist Framework and mapped against the National Safety and Quality Primary and Community Health Care Standards.

Conclusion

The revised RAN MoC is designed to provide evidence based culturally informed care, standardise RAN consultation best practice and improve the health outcomes of their clients. With the increased turnover and number of nurses ‘new’ to remote, more innovative approaches to education and dissemination of the model is necessary.
Prevalence and associated factors of intimate partner violence against pregnant women who attend antenatal care in Denmark and Spain: A digital screening approach
Authors: Fernández‐López Rodrigo , Andreasen Karen , Ankerstjerne Lea , Martín‐de‐las‐Heras Stella , Rasch Vibeke , Megías Jesús L. , Linde Ditte S. , de‐León‐de‐León Sabina , Schei Berit , Wu Chunsen , Oviedo‐Gutiérrez Alba , Zapata‐Calvente Antonella Ludmila
Published: November 2024

Introduction

Intimate partner violence against women is a global health issue. Exposure to intimate partner violence during pregnancy leads to health‐related problems for both the mother and the newborn. However, current knowledge on its occurrence varies widely and assessing the problem using standardized tools in different contexts is needed. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence and associated factors of IPV in pregnant women in Denmark and Spain through digital screening tools.

Material and Methods

A cross‐sectional design was used to systematically screen for intimate partner violence among pregnant women attending antenatal care by using standardized digital screening tools, Woman Abuse Screening Tool and Abuse Assessment Screen.

Results

A total of 17 220 pregnant women in Denmark and 2222 pregnant women in Spain were invited to participate. The response rate was high in both countries (77.3% and 92.5%, respectively). Overall, 6.9% (n = 913) and 13.7% (n = 282) screened positive in Denmark and Spain, respectively. Logistic regressions estimated crude and adjusted odds ratio with 95% confidence intervals of the relationship between sociodemographic variables and intimate partner violence. In both countries, being unmarried and lacking social support were risk factors of intimate partner violence. Additionally, in Denmark, pregnant women older than 40 years, unemployed or foreign, were at higher risk, while having higher educational levels was a protective factor. In Spain, not having a partner at the time of questionnaire completion and having at least one child prior to the current pregnancy were risk factors of intimate partner violence.

Conclusions

Prevalence results and found associated factors contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of the occurrence of intimate partner violence during pregnancy in Denmark and Spain, while highlighting the feasibility of digital systematic screening in antenatal settings.
Increasing student well‐being through a positive psychology intervention: changes in salivary cortisol, depression, psychological well‐being, and hope
Authors: Laakso Mari , Fagerlund Åse , Lagerström Martin
Published: November 2024

The significant prevalence of mental health problems among children and adolescents is a major concern worldwide. The current study evaluates the impact of a year‐long, school‐based intervention, Flourishing Students, on adolescents' salivary cortisol levels, depressive symptoms, psychological well‐being, and hope. Utilizing a cluster randomized design with intervention and control classes, 72 students engaged in 32 well‐being lessons during academic year 2016–2017, whereas 68 students followed their standard curriculum. Depressive symptoms and psychological well‐being were assessed at three time points, while the stress hormone cortisol and hope were measured at two. The results showed a slight increase in cortisol levels from baseline to post‐intervention during school hours in the control group, whereas no change occurred in the intervention group. Additionally, total cortisol levels at post‐intervention were slightly lower among intervention‐group students compared with control group students. Questionnaire data revealed significant interaction effects on psychological well‐being and hope from baseline to post‐intervention, and on depression and psychological well‐being from baseline to the 5‐month follow‐up. The intervention group scored lower in depressive symptoms and higher in psychological well‐being and hope compared with the control group. These findings underscore the essential role of comprehensive assessment methods in evaluating intervention efficacy in well‐being programs.
Translating Priorities Into Practice: Midwifery Care for Uninsured Migrant Populations Across Canada
Authors: Elias Heidi , Larios Lindsay
Published: November 2024

Background

Immigrants and newcomers are identified by many provincial midwifery associations as “priority populations.” Recently, newcomer populations have shifted considerably, with more people coming to Canada with precarious immigration status who are increasingly ineligible for public healthcare insurance and facing barriers to accessing care. Our aims were to: (1) gain an understanding of the policies related to equitable access to midwifery care and how they may apply to migrant groups without public healthcare insurance and (2) identify existing policy themes, gaps, and regulatory barriers that limit access for this vulnerable population in Canada.

Methods

We conducted a high‐level document content analysis using a health equity framework. We aimed to identify language related to equitable access in midwifery services, with particular emphasis on uninsured populations. A total of 64 documents were analyzed, including legislation and publicly available statements from midwifery regulatory bodies and associations.

Results

Midwifery regulatory authorities and associations across Canada are consistent in establishing an expectation that midwives will provide accessible care to diverse clientele. However, how these commitments are put into practice varies considerably between jurisdictions. We compared the cases of Manitoba and Ontario to illustrate the disconnect between commitments to priority populations and implementation.

Discussion

While there is a clearly demonstrated intention to provide equitable access to midwifery care to all people, including “priority populations” like migrants and newcomers, in practice, these commitments have not been fully realized. Equity is encumbered by broader structural issues, such as the growth in the number of newcomers without access to public health insurance. Moves toward equity within midwifery and healthcare more broadly need to meaningfully engage with other policy sectors, such as immigration, to be able to adapt to emerging issues affecting reproductive care, such as the growing precarity of newcomer populations in Canada.
Clinical outcomes in patients in any phase of CML treated with ponatinib in France—Data from the TOPASE observational study
Authors: Huguet F. , Guerci‐Bresler A. , Roth‐Guepin G. , Cayssials E. , Slama B. , Santagostino A. , Penot A. , Quittet P. , Cony‐Makhoul P. , Saad A. , Bastie J. N. , Hacini M. , Coiteux V. , Uzunov M. , Roy L. , Le Clech L. , Berger M. , Agneray A. M. , Messas E. , Etienne G. , Turhan A. , Nicolini F. E. , Rousselot P.
Published: November 2024

The TOPASE study was set up to evaluate the outcomes of chronic myeloid leukaemia [CML] patients treated with ponatinib (PON) in a real‐world setting in France. One hundred and twenty CML patients, 105 in chronic phase (CP), 8 in accelerated phase (AP) and 7 in blastic phase (BP) were included. Fifty‐one (49%) of the CP‐CML patients were in third line of treatment. The trigger for PON initiation in CP‐CML was ‘poor response’ in 67 patients, ‘poor tolerance’ in 28 patients and ‘response enhancement’ in seven patients. The median dose at initiation was 30 mg/day [Q1; Q3 = 15; 30] in CP‐CML and 45 mg/day [Q1; Q3 = 30; 45] in AP/BP‐CML. Of 98 CP‐CML evaluable patients, 72 (73.5%) were considered as responders (MMR) at one time point at least once, especially for those in second line of treatment and/or presenting a T315I mutation. Ninety‐six of 120 (80%) patients reported at least one adverse event. An arterial occlusive event (AOE) was reported in 11 patients (9.2%). Thus, these real‐life data confirm the potency of ponatinib in resistant or intolerant patients with an acceptable safety profile in non‐selected patients.

NCT number: NCT04048564.
The impact of progression‐directed therapy on survival in metastatic castration‐refractory prostate cancer: MEDCARE phase 3 trial
Authors: Rans Kato , Goffin Karolien , Joniau Steven , Daugaard Gedske , den Hartog Julie , Van Wynsberge Lodewijk , De Meerleer Gert
Published: November 2024

Background

Metastatic castration‐refractory prostate cancer (mCRPC) presents a therapeutic challenge despite advancements in treatment. Once mCRPC is attained, patients face limited survival prospects. Next‐line systemic treatment (NEST) is the standard of care for progressive mCRPC, encompassing various therapeutic options with associated toxicity and costs. In patients with oligoprogressive mCRPC, data suggest that progression‐directed therapy (PDT), such as metastasectomy or stereotactic body radiotherapy, delays the initiation of NEST.

Methods and Design

The MEDCARE phase III trial aims to assess the impact of PDT on overall survival (OS) in oligoprogressive mCRPC. In this multicentric, randomised, prospective trial, we aim to randomise 246 patients in 1:1 allocation ratio between the standard‐of‐care therapy (surveillance or NEST) or PDT while continuing the current systemic treatment. Patients will be stratified based on number of progressive lesions (one vs ≥one), location of progressive lesions (local recurrence, N or M1a vs M1b or M1c) and previous systemic therapy (palliative androgen‐deprivation therapy [pADT] vs pADT + androgen receptor‐targeted agent or patients who received docetaxel in the past). The primary endpoint is OS, and the secondary endpoints include quality of life, radiographic progression‐free survival (PFS), modified PFS, prostate cancer‐specific survival and PDT‐induced toxicity.

Discussion

This is the first randomised phase 3 trial in the setting of PDT in patients with oligoprogressive mCRPC with OS as the primary endpoint.
Molluscan systematics: historical perspectives and the way ahead
Authors: Xu Biyang , Kong Lingfeng , Sun Jin , Zhang Junlong , Zhang Yang , Song Hao , Li Qi , Uribe Juan E. , Halanych Kenneth M. , Cai Chenyang , Dong Yun‐Wei , Wang Shi , Li Yuanning
Published: November 2024

Mollusca, the second‐most diverse animal phylum, is estimated to have over 100,000 living species with great genetic and phenotypic diversity, a rich fossil record, and a considerable evolutionary significance. Early work on molluscan systematics was grounded in morphological and anatomical studies. With the transition from oligo gene Sanger sequencing to cutting‐edge genomic sequencing technologies, molecular data has been increasingly utilised, providing abundant information for reconstructing the molluscan phylogenetic tree. However, relationships among and within most major lineages of Mollusca have long been contentious, often due to limited genetic markers, insufficient taxon sampling and phylogenetic conflict. Fortunately, remarkable progress in molluscan systematics has been made in recent years, which has shed light on how major molluscan groups have evolved. In this review of molluscan systematics, we first synthesise the current understanding of the molluscan Tree of Life at higher taxonomic levels. We then discuss how micromolluscs, which have adult individuals with a body size smaller than 5 mm, offer unique insights into Mollusca's vast diversity and deep phylogeny. Despite recent advancements, our knowledge of molluscan systematics and phylogeny still needs refinement. Further advancements in molluscan systematics will arise from integrating comprehensive data sets, including genome‐scale data, exceptional fossils, and digital morphological data (including internal structures). Enhanced access to these data sets, combined with increased collaboration among morphologists, palaeontologists, evolutionary developmental biologists, and molecular phylogeneticists, will significantly advance this field.
Is histopathological analysis necessary in patients undergoing sigmoidectomy for diverticular disease? A retrospective study
Authors: Petrusic Antonietta , Mongelli Francesco , Sabbatini Flaminia , Christoforidis Dimitri , Pini Ramon , Merlo Elisabetta , Popeskou Sotirios Georgios , La Regina Davide , Iaquinandi Fabiano
Published: November 2024

Aim

The purpose of this study was to assess the utility of routine histopathological examination in patients undergoing elective sigmoidectomy for diverticular disease after full colonoscopy 1 year prior to surgery.

Methods

We retrospectively analysed medical records of all patients undergoing sigmoidectomy for diverticular disease with a documented colonoscopy within 1 year before surgery from January 2013 to December 2023. We collected preoperative, intraoperative and postoperative data of all patients. The primary endpoint was the percentage of patients with an unexpectedly abnormal histopathological report compared to colonoscopy.

Results

During the study period, 207 patients undergoing sigmoidectomy for diverticular disease were included. Mean age was 62.7 ± 13.0 years and 97 (46.9%) patients were men. In eight (3.9%) cases an unexpected finding was noted on the histopathological examination: five (2.4%) of them were hyperplastic polyps with no dysplasia and no clinical relevance, two (1.0%) were polyps with low‐grade dysplasia and in one case (0.5%) a diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma was present in a patient with history of lymphoma treated in the past 10 years. The Goodman and Kruskal's G index was 0.953 (95% lower limit of 0.913), which indicated high concordance between the colonoscopy and the definitive histopathological examination.

Conclusions

In our series, the preoperative colonoscopy reliably predicted the result of the histopathological specimen findings in patients undergoing sigmoidectomy for diverticular disease. Only one (0.5%) high‐risk patient had an unexpected clinically significant finding. Therefore, routine histopathological examination may not be justified for all patients.
In‐vitro‐Diagnostik von Arzneimittelallergien
Authors: Glässner Andreas , Weßollek Katharina , Yazdi Amir S. , Sachs Bernhardt
Published: November 2024

In der In‐vitro‐Diagnostik arzneimittelallergischer Reaktionen können serologische von zellulären Testverfahren unterschieden werden. Zu den serologischen Testverfahren gehört der Nachweis spezifischer IgE‐Antikörper, der bei Soforttyp‐Reaktionen eingesetzt wird. Zu den zellulären Testsystemen zählt der Basophilenaktivierungstest, der ebenfalls in der Diagnostik der Soforttypallergie eingesetzt wird, sowie der Lymphozytentransformationstest. Letzterer findet vor allem Anwendung bei Spättyp‐Reaktionen. Weitere zelluläre Testverfahren sind der CAST‐ELISA sowie der Mastzellaktivierungstest. Keines der aufgeführten Testverfahren kann bei negativem Ergebnis eine Allergie sicher ausschließen. Auch ist ein positives Testergebnis nicht gleichbedeutend mit einer Allergie, da die Ergebnisse stets im klinischen Kontext bewertet werden müssen.
Screening der Psoriasisarthritis durch Dermatologen – eine deutschlandweite Umfrage
Authors: Pinter Andreas , Hofmann Matthias , Kaufmann Roland , Müller‐Stahl Jutta , König Anke
Published: November 2024

Hintergrund und Zielsetzung

Bis zu 30% der Psoriasis vulgaris (PsO) ist klinisch mit einer Psoriasisarthritis (PsA) assoziiert. Ein Großteil der neu auftretenden PsA wird erst in einem späteren Stadium diagnostiziert, obwohl eine frühzeitige wirksame Behandlung wichtig wäre, um potenziell strukturelle Schäden zu verhindern. Ziel dieser Studie war es aufzuklären, welche Screeningmethoden zur Erkennung der PsA bei Patienten mit PsO in der klinischen Routine angewandt werden.

Patienten und Methodik

Diese in Deutschland durchgeführte nichtinterventionelle, prospektive, epidemiologische Querschnittsstudie befasst sich mit der Screening‐Aktivität und Behandlungsauswahl dermatologischer Praxen bei Verdacht auf PsA. Deskriptive Statistiken und Patientenmerkmale wurden für verschiedene Zentrumstypen analysiert.

Ergebnisse

Einhundertfünfundneunzig Patienten von 34 niedergelassenen Ärzten, fünf nichtuniversitären Krankenhäusern und neun Universitätskliniken wurden eingeschlossen. Fragebögen oder bildgebende Verfahren wurden nicht routinemäßig eingesetzt (<45%). Insbesondere Ultraschall (≤5%) und MRT (<6,3%) wurden selten durchgeführt. Zwischen 30% und 75% der vermuteten PsA konnten bestätigt werden. Die Überweisung zum Rheumatologen und/oder die Einleitung einer geeigneten Therapie waren die häufigsten Folgen.

Schlussfolgerungen

Die Ergebnisse dieser Studie spiegeln den Stand der PsA‐Screening‐Aktivitäten von Dermatologen wider. Bildgebende Verfahren, insbesondere Ultraschall oder MRT zur Erkennung von Frühformen der PsA, wurden nur unzureichend eingesetzt, was zu einer anhaltenden Unterdiagnostizierung beigetragen könnte. Die Zusammenarbeit zwischen Dermatologen und Rheumatologen sollte im Hinblick auf die Verbesserung eines wirksamen PsA‐Screenings überprüft werden.
Klinisch‐pathologische Merkmale Methotrexat‐induzierter epidermaler Dysmaturation: Eine Studie an 22 Patienten unter Niedrigdosistherapie
Authors: Aebischer Valentin , Hahn Matthias , Lenders Daniela , Metzler Gisela , Schaller Martin , Silber Toni , Forchhammer Stephan
Published: November 2024

Hintergrund und Ziele

Haut‐ und Schleimhauterosionen mit histopathologischen Zeichen einer epidermalen Dysmaturation sind eine bekannte Nebenwirkung zytostatischer Chemotherapien, können aber auch unter niedrig dosierter Methotrexat (MTX)‐Therapie beobachtet werden. Ziel der Studie war die Charakterisierung der klinischen und histopathologischen Veränderungen.

Patienten und Methodik

In einer Datenbankabfrage des Archivs für Dermatopathologie wurden 22 Patienten identifiziert, die unter niedrig dosiertem MTX eine epidermale Dysmaturation entwickelt hatten. Klinische, laborchemische sowie histopathologische Parameter wurden analysiert und statistisch mit SPSS ausgewertet.

Ergebnisse

Die Patienten waren im Durchschnitt 69,1 Jahre alt und überwiegend weiblich. Die Hauptindikationen waren Psoriasis vulgaris und rheumatoide Arthritis. Klinisch zeigten sich erosive Plaques an der Injektionsstelle, an der Schleimhaut oder disseminierte Läsionen am gesamten Integument. Die Laborwerte der Patienten waren in der Regel unauffällig. Die Epidermis zeigte vergrößerte Keratinozyten mit blassem Zytoplasma und vergrößerten Zellkernen mit prominenten Nukleolen sowie eine Degeneration der Basalzellschicht. Die Dermis wies eine Infiltration mit neutrophilen Granulozyten, Lymphozyten und Histiozyten auf.

Schlussfolgerungen

Mit dieser Studie möchten wir diagnostische Kriterien für die Methotrexat‐assoziierte epidermale Dysmaturation vorschlagen und das Bewusstsein unter Klinikern und Pathologen für diese Nebenwirkung schärfen, da eine frühzeitige Diagnose eine potenziell lebensbedrohliche Progression verhindern kann.
The Neglected Role of Sex‐Biased Dispersal in Range‐Shift Prediction Under Climate Change
Authors: Santini Luca , Fernando Martina , Mancini Giordano , Di Marco Moreno
Published: November 2024

Studies aimed at estimating species response to climate change generally employ correlative species distribution models (SDMs) coupled with dispersal scenarios. However, dispersal distances are generally lacking or nonrepresentative, so researchers typically estimate dispersal distance from allometric relationships. Yet, these estimates ignore the role of sex bias in dispersal—where one sex disperses more than the other—leading to important prediction errors. We collected sex‐specific dispersal data for 47 mammal species characterised by different levels of sex bias and projected their distribution under future climate scenarios, either considering or disregarding sex‐biased dispersal. Results reveal discrepancies that can be substantial for species with marked sex bias. Given the paucity of sex‐specific dispersal data, climate forecasting efforts should cautiously use a range of dispersal scenarios, favouring partial dispersal scenarios that are likely to encompass true species' range shifting abilities. Further research and data collection are crucial for refining predictions and understanding the ecological drivers of sex bias in dispersal across taxa.
Big Data (R)evolution in Geography: Complexity Modelling in the Last Two Decades
Authors: Perez Liliana , Sengupta Raja
Published: November 2024

The use of data and statistics along with computational systems heralded the beginning of a quantitative revolution in Geography. Use of simulation models (Cellular Automata and Agent‐Based Models) followed in the late 1990s, with ontology and epistemology of complexity theory and modelling being defined a little less than two decades ago. We are, however, entering a new era where sensors regularly collect and update large amounts of spatio‐temporal data. We define this ‘Big Data’ as geolocated data collected in sufficiently high volume (exceeding storage capacities of the largest personal hard drives currently available), that is updated at least daily, from a variety of sources in different formats, often without recourse to verification of its accuracy. We then identify the exponential growth in the use of complexity simulation models in the past two decades via an extensive literature review (broken down by application area), but also notice a recent slowdown. Further, a gap in the utilisation of Big Data by modellers to calibrate and validate their models is noted, which we attribute to data availability issues. We contend that Big Data can significantly boost simulation modelling, if certain constraints and issues are managed properly.
The causal effect of economic sanctions on political stability: A two‐stage difference‐in‐differences analysis
Authors: Tan Dongan
Published: November 2024

This study employs the two‐stage difference‐in‐differences (2sDiD) estimator to investigate the causal effect of economic sanctions on political stability. It contributes to existing research by (1) re‐evaluating sanctions' impacts on political stability using newly introduced causal inference methods, and (2) distinguishing the effects of sanctions across various political regimes and economic globalisation levels. The article argues that economic sanctions create economic hardships for the target population, leading to public frustration toward their governments, which stimulates political mobilisation and thereby decreases the country's political stability. However, sanctions hurt democracies more than autocracies because autocratic regimes can suppress public dissent through repression and citizens face higher costs for opposition. Moreover, economic globalisation offers targets alternatives to sanctioned products and services, potentially weakening sanctions thus damaging political stability more in low‐globalised than in high‐globalised countries. Empirical findings from 9230 country‐year observations between 1949 and 2022 largely align with the theoretical predictions, showing that economic sanctions undermine the target's political stability, with these destabilising effects contingent upon its political regime and economic globalisation levels.
Periodontitis Is Associated With Arterial Stiffness as Measured by Serial Cardio‐Ankle Vascular Index (CAVI): A 10‐Year Cohort Study
Authors: Kanpittaya Bantita , Lertpimonchai Attawood , Mongkornkarn Sanutm , Samaranayake Lakshman , Thongmung Nisakorn , Limpijankit Thosaphol , Charatkulangkun Orawan
Published: November 2024

Aim

To investigate the effect of periodontitis on the long‐term changes of the cardio‐ankle vascular index (CAVI).

Materials and Methods

A 10‐year retrospective cohort study of 3842 Thai participants (range 25–76 years) with normal CAVI at the study initiation was undertaken. Full‐mouth periodontal examination was performed by calibrated periodontists, and the extent and severity of periodontitis were determined at 5‐year intervals. Serial CAVI measurements were used to examine the incidence of high CAVI (≥ 9.0) and changes in CAVI over time (ΔCAVI).

Results

Participants with a higher extent or severity of periodontitis were found to have a significantly higher mean ΔCAVI. The incidence of high CAVI was also observed to be higher in those with periodontitis compared to those without it. The adjusted risk ratios for developing high CAVI were 1.309 and 1.513 for localized and generalized periodontitis, respectively. Participants with severe periodontitis had a 37% higher likelihood of developing CAVI ≥ 9.0 compared to individuals with no/mild periodontitis. This risk was consistent with a significant change in ΔCAVI of 0.054–0.140.

Conclusions

Periodontitis, both in terms of extent and severity, was found to have a significant dose‐dependent effect on the risk of developing high CAVI over a 10‐year period, suggesting a causal relationship between these two parameters.
Eating and feeding disorders in adults with intellectual developmental disorder with and without autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Bertelli M. O. , Paletti F. , Piva Merli M. , Hassiotis A. , Bianco A. , Lassi S.
Published: November 2024

Background

The present observational cross‐sectional study aimed at investigating the prevalence of feeding and eating disorders (FEEDs) in adults with intellectual disability (ID)/intellectual developmental disorder (IDD) with or without autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and specific problem behaviours (PBs).

Methods

Two hundred six adults with ID/IDD consecutively attending residential and rehabilitative facilities, 59.2% of which had co‐occurring ASD, were assessed for presence of FEEDs by a structured interview specifically developed for the study and Diagnostic Manual – Intellectual Disability criteria.

Results

The 4.3% of the sample fully met the diagnostic criteria for anorexia nervosa, 6.7% for bulimia nervosa (BN) and 22.8% for binge eating disorder (BED). Furthermore, at least one observable symptom of these disorders was found in higher percentages of the sample. A higher prevalence of FEEDs was found in ID/IDD plus ASD than in ID/IDD alone. PBs were also significantly higher in participants with co‐occurring ASD and had a positive correlation with the number of FEED symptoms, especially for BN and BED.

Conclusions

The study enriches previous literature and considers novel aspects such as the behavioural/observable presentation of symptoms as well as the association with ASD and PBs. These issues deserve a specific consideration within standard psychiatric assessment and future research, especially in persons with major communication and/or cognitive difficulties.
Vitamin D levels do not correlate with severity of idiopathic peripheral neuropathy
Authors: Morrison Alexander H. , Hoke Maya , Thomas Simone , Chaudhry Vinay , Polydefkis Michael ,   PNRR Study Group, Höke Ahmet
Published: November 2024

Background and Aims

Peripheral neuropathy (PN) is a common neurological condition in elderly adults. Vitamin D deficiency has been associated with diabetic and chemotherapy‐induced neuropathy, but its role in idiopathic PN, in which no underlying cause of neuropathy can be identified, has not been investigated.

Methods

Two hundred thirty patients with idiopathic PN enrolled in the Peripheral Neuropathy Research Registry (PNRR) at Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine had vitamin D testing information on record. Linear and logistic regressions were used to investigate the relationship between absolute vitamin D level or vitamin D insufficiency (<20 ng/mL) and both the severity of neuropathy as measured by the reduced total neuropathy score (TNSr) and severity of neuropathic pain.

Results

Sixteen (7%) patients were vitamin D insufficient (<20 ng/mL). Controlling for factors known to correlate with severity of neuropathy, there was no correlation between absolute vitamin D levels and TNSr (correlation coefficient 0.01, 95% CI −0.03 to 0.07, p = .59) and no association between vitamin D insufficiency and TNSr (correlation coefficient 0.3, 95% CI −2.8 to 3.4, p = .86). Vitamin D insufficiency was not associated with the presence of neuropathic pain (OR 4.1, 95% CI 0.6–26.0, p = .13), and there was no correlation between vitamin D levels and pain score (correlation coefficient 0.01, 95% CI −0.02 to 0.03, p = .59).

Interpretation

In a single‐center cohort of patients with idiopathic PN, there was no correlation between vitamin D levels and the severity of neuropathy or neuropathic pain.
Impact of Chronic Moderate Psychological Stress on Skin Aging: Exploratory Clinical Study and Cellular Functioning
Authors: Pujos Muriel , Chamayou‐Robert Cécile , Parat Marine , Bonnet Magali , Couret Sandra , Robiolo Alessia , Doucet Olivier
Published: November 2024

Introduction

Skin is continuously exposed to environmental external and internal factors, including psychological stress (PS). PS has been reported to trigger different dermatoses such as psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, vitiligo, alopecia areata, and acne through the release of cortisol and epinephrine.

Objective

To clinically explore PS‐induced measurable skin aging signs in subjects with moderate versus mild chronic PS, and to investigate the effect of chronic PS on DNA damage at cellular level.

Methods

In vitro stress tests with cortisol and epinephrine, and with cortisol only on extracellular matrix (ECM) synthesis, as well as on normal human skin fibroblast and keratinocyte functioning, including skin barrier and wound healing were performed.

Results

Moderately stressed subjects in the context of the clinical study had a significantly decreased antioxidant potential and impacted skin barrier integrity, as well as significantly increased signs of microrelief alterations (skin texture and fine lines) reaching an increased severity of about 32.9%. At a cellular level, DNA integrity, ECM synthesis, wound healing, and skin barrier parameters were impacted by increased stress hormone levels.

Conclusion

The clinical exploratory studies presented herewith, as well as the study of cell functioning under stress, have provided evidence that chronic PS significantly affects skin homeostasis and triggers skin aging.
A Systematic Review of Case Series and Clinical Trials Investigating Regenerative Medicine for the Treatment of Vitiligo
Authors: Jafarzadeh Alireza , Mohammad Arash Pour , Goodarzi Azadeh
Published: November 2024

Aims and Objectives

The aim of this study is to examine the efficacy and safety of various regenerative medicine treatments, such as cell therapy, platelet‐rich plasma (PRP), plasma‐poor platelet (PPP), plasma‐rich fibrin (PRF), mesenchymal stem cells, stromal vascular fraction (SVF), exosomes, adipose‐derived stem cells (ADSC), and stem cell‐conditioned media (SC‐CM), for treating vitiligo.

Method

We conducted a thorough search of major databases such as PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science, and selected 48 articles based on specific criteria. We used EndNote X8 and Google Sheets to review and extract data from the articles. After analyzing the studies, we categorized them accordingly.

Results

This systematic review analyzed 48 articles involving 2186 patients with vitiligo to assess the effectiveness of regenerative medicine treatments. Key findings revealed that methods such as autologous non‐cultured melanocyte‐keratinocyte transplantation and platelet‐rich plasma (PRP) injection exhibited significant repigmentation, particularly when combined with modalities like NB‐UVB phototherapy and laser treatments. Notably, the autologous melanocyte‐keratinocyte transplantation achieved over 50% repigmentation within 9 months, while PRP demonstrated an average repigmentation of 58.7%, especially effective with CO2 laser treatment. Hair follicle‐derived cell transplantation also showed impressive response rates, achieving good to excellent results in up to 93.8% of patients. Side effects were noted in 21 of 28 studies, primarily involving pain, with no serious adverse events reported. The risk of bias assessment indicated that 37.21% of studies were low risk, while 48.84% had high risks overall. These findings suggest that while regenerative medicine holds promise for vitiligo treatment, further clinical trials are necessary to explore additional methods like stromal vascular fraction and exosomes.

Conclusion

We have concluded that regenerative medicine plays an effective role in the treatment of vitiligo lesions. Furthermore, this treatment method is safe and does not cause serious complications. It can be used alone or in combination with other methods for treating vitiligo. To advance the treatment of vitiligo, we recommend conducting clinical trials on the unexplored branches of regenerative medicine.
Fiscal Space and the Supply of Pro‐Government Militias
Authors: Lehmann M. Christian
Published: November 2024

Militias hamper state‐building by undermining the government's monopoly of violence, which creates an environment of anarchy. Yet many governments collaborate with them. These pro‐government militias (PGMs), such as paramilitary groups, are not only a poor‐country phenomenon, that is, economic growth does not seem to eradicate these armed nonstate actors: Intriguingly, cross‐country data reveals a U‐shaped relationship between GDP per capita and PGM presence. This article presents an economic theory of PGM supply that can explain this puzzling relationship and provide actionable ways for international actors (e.g., UN) to discourage the emergence of PGMs. However, the theory also cautions that some common international policies (e.g., development aid) may unintentionally encourage PGM supply.
Assessing the Response of Local Cocoa Clones of South Sulawesi for Resistance to Dieback Disease Caused by Lasiodiplodia theobromae
Authors: Asman Asman , Iwanami Toru , Rosmana Ade , Amin Nur
Published: November 2024

Lasiodiplodia theobromae causes several severe diseases in cocoa, including cocoa dieback disease. The dieback caused by L. theobromae on cocoa is considered an emerging disease in Sulawesi. The fungus colonises stem tissues, producing leaf chlorosis, wilting and sudden dieback. To cope with the dieback, selecting and planting existing clones with partial resistance to the pathogen would be a good strategy. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the resistance of locally selected cocoa clones in Sulawesi to L. theobromae infection. Ten cocoa clones were assessed in the laboratory and the greenhouse for disease severity caused by an isolate of L. theobromae. The responses of the clones visible in laboratory and greenhouse tests through stem‐wounded inoculation ranged from susceptible to tolerant. The majority of the clones (nine clones) showed a significantly severe dieback and necrotic lesions. In contrast, another clone, designated MCC 02, performed consistently better in suppressing dieback and reducing necrotic lesions. Symptoms on the leaves varied, including chlorotic, yellowing on leaf veins and sudden browning, while in the stem, necrotic lesions and vascular streaking from dark brown to black were consistently visible. The clone MCC 02, with its superior resistance to L. theobromae, holds great potential for use in breeding programs to produce promising progeny clones with good resistance, yield and quality.
The TOR signalling pathway in fungal phytopathogens: A target for plant disease control
Authors: Song Yun , Wang Yaru , Zhang Huafang , Saddique Muhammad Abu Bakar , Luo Xiumei , Ren Maozhi
Published: November 2024

Plant diseases caused by fungal phytopathogens have led to significant economic losses in agriculture worldwide. The management of fungal diseases is mainly dependent on the application of fungicides, which are not suitable for sustainable agriculture, human health, and environmental safety. Thus, it is necessary to develop novel targets and green strategies to mitigate the losses caused by these pathogens. The target of rapamycin (TOR) complexes and key components of the TOR signalling pathway are evolutionally conserved in pathogens and closely related to the vegetative growth and pathogenicity. As indicated in recent systems, chemical, genetic, and genomic studies on the TOR signalling pathway, phytopathogens with TOR dysfunctions show severe growth defects and nonpathogenicity, which makes the TOR signalling pathway to be developed into an ideal candidate target for controlling plant disease. In this review, we comprehensively discuss the current knowledge on components of the TOR signalling pathway in microorganisms and the diverse roles of various plant TOR in response to plant pathogens. Furthermore, we analyse a range of disease management strategies that rely on the TOR signalling pathway, including genetic modification technologies and chemical controls. In the future, disease control strategies based on the TOR signalling network are expected to become a highly effective weapon for crop protection.
Taxonomic notes in Myrcia sect. Gomidesia (Myrtaceae) from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: reestablishment of M. dolichopetala, and a new species, M. macrobracteosa
Authors: Fernandes Thiago , Lucas Eve J. , Vasconcelos Thais , Amorim Bruno , Marcelo Alvarenga Braga João
Published: November 2024

This study was conducted in the context of a taxonomic treatment for Myrcia species occurring in the Brazilian state of Rio de Janeiro. While revising current synonyms of endemic species of Myrcia sect. Gomidesia, we found consistent morphological separation between Myrcia gestasiana and Myrcia dolichopetala, presently treated as synonyms and detached here. Individuals co‐occurring with M. dolichopetala are here recognized and described as a new species, Myrcia macrobracteosa, the specific epithet being allusive of its unusually showy, persistent and accrescent bracts and bracteoles. A taxonomic treatment is provided for each species based on herbarium collections and field data, and their diagnostic characters are contrasted in a comparative table. Morphological plates of fresh and dry material are also provided with notes on taxonomy and distribution, including a map of occurrence records. The three taxa occur in urban forest remnants under extreme threat in the Rio de Janeiro Metropolitan Region. In this context, preliminary conservation assessments are also provided for each species based on occurrence data from herbaria and field information.
Mapping of drought‐induced changes in tissue characteristics across the leaf profile of Populus balsamifera
Authors: Momayyezi Mina , Chu Cheyenne , Stobbs Jarvis A. , Soolanayakanahally Raju Y. , Guy Robert D. , McElrone Andrew J. , Knipfer Thorsten
Published: November 2024

Leaf architecture impacts gas diffusion, biochemical processes, and photosynthesis. For balsam poplar, a widespread North American species, the influence of water availability on leaf anatomy and subsequent photosynthetic performance remains unknown.

To address this shortcoming, we characterized the anatomical changes across the leaf profile in three‐dimensional space for saplings subjected to soil drying and rewatering using X‐ray microcomputed tomography. Our hypothesis was that higher abundance of bundle sheath extensions (BSE) minimizes drought‐induced changes in intercellular airspace volume relative to mesophyll volume (i.e. mesophyll porosity, θIAS) and aids recovery by supporting leaf structural integrity.

Leaves of ‘Carnduff‐9’ with less abundant BSEs exhibited greater θIAS, higher spongy mesophyll surface area, reduced palisade mesophyll surface area, and less veins compared with ‘Gillam‐5’. Under drought conditions, Carnduff‐9 showed significant changes in θIAS across leaf profile while that was little for ‘Gillam‐5’. Under rewatered conditions, drought‐induced changes in θIAS were fully reversible in ‘Gillam‐5’ but not in ‘Carnduff‐9’.

Our data suggest that a ‘robust’ leaf structure with higher abundance of BSEs, reduced θIAS, and relatively large mesophyll surface area provides for improved photosynthetic capacity under drought and supports recovery in leaf architecture after rewatering in balsam poplar.
Sustained Protraction Increases Lengthening of the Mandibular Condylar Process Whilst Changes Its Growth Direction in a Rat Model
Authors: Li Yuan , Liao Naiqi , Wang Ruyi , Pang Lingli , Fu Hengyi , Li Shijia , Zheng Wei , Li Yu
Published: November 2024

Objective

In Class II elastics treatment, the mandible is subject to sustained protraction. The study aimed to investigate the morphological and histological changes resulting from sustained mandibular protraction, through establishment of a novel model in rat.

Materials and Methods

Forty‐eight 4‐week‐old male Sprague–Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups, including the 50 and 100 cN protraction groups, and the control. In the two protraction groups, NiTi coil springs were fixed between the metal bands on the maxillary incisors and mandibular molars to pull the mandible forward. CBCT scans were taken immediately before (T0), 2 weeks (T1) and 4 weeks (T2) after the traction. Histological and immunohistochemical analyses were performed at T1 and T2.

Results

Increase of the condylar process length and angular process length were significantly larger in the two protraction groups than that in the control; however, the condylar process angle (∠CPA) was significantly reduced by the protraction at T2, leading to decreased condylar height. The protraction decreased the condylar cartilage thickness at T1, which recovered to the control level at T2, with no significant changes detected in the expression of SRY‐related high mobility group‐box gene 9 (SOX9) and type II collagen (COL II), two chondrogenic markers.

Conclusion

The established rat model is manoeuvrable and reliable, which exerts sustained and measurable mandibular protraction. The sustained protraction increases the lengthening of the mandibular condylar process, but alters its growth direction by causing it to turn downwards.
Contraceptive Intention, Religious Attitudes and Sources of Spirituality in Married Muslim Women: A Descriptive Correlational Study in Türkiye
Authors: Çerçer Zehra , Ayar Duygu
Published: November 2024

Objective

This study was carried out to reveal the relationship between contraceptive intents, religious attitudes, and spiritual resources of married Muslim women.

Methods

The study was conducted using a descriptive‐correlational design. The study was conducted with 273 participants between July and November 2023. To collect data, the Personal Information Form, Trait Sources of Spirituality Scale, Ok‐Religious Attitude Scale, and Contraceptive Intent Questionnaire were used. The data were evaluated using Mann–Whitney U, Kruskal–Wallis, and Spearman correlation tests.

Results

No significant relationship was found between the total and sub‐scales of the Contraceptive Intent Questionnaire, Trait Sources of Spirituality Scale, and Ok‐Religious Attitude Scale (p > 0.05). A positive and high correlation was detected between the total, emotion, relationship, and behavior sub‐scales of the Trait Sources of Spirituality Scale and Ok‐Religious Attitude Scale (p < 0.05). The contraceptive intent levels of women were found to be associated with some of their socio‐demographic and obstetric variables (age, previous delivery method, sex of existing children, and contraceptive method used). The only variable that showed a significant relationship with all three scales was found to be the sex of the existing children of women.

Conclusion

Some socio‐demographic and obstetric characteristics of married Muslim women are related to the sex of the child they have, their contraceptive intents, spiritual resources, and religious attitudes. In contraceptive counseling services provided to Muslim women, their religious attitudes and spiritual resources should be taken into consideration.
Chronic pain in older adults with disabilities is associated with cognitive impairment—a prospective cohort study
Authors: Honda Hiroya , Ashizawa Ryota , Kameyama Yuto , Yoshimoto Yoshinobu
Published: November 2024

Background

Chronic pain may be an important factor influencing cognitive impairment; however, there is limited research on that link in older adults with disabilities. We aimed to determine the association between chronic pain and cognitive impairment in older adults with disabilities.

Methods

This 24‐month prospective cohort study involved 143 Japanese older adults (≥65 years of age) with long‐term care insurance. Chronic pain was defined as pain persisting for ≥3 months, and cognitive impairment was defined as a Mini‐Mental State Examination score ≤ 23. We employed logistic regression analysis with chronic pain as the independent variable and cognitive impairment as the dependent variable after propensity score matching (PSM).

Results

Sixty‐six participants were selected using PSM, and logistic regression analysis showed that chronic pain was significantly associated with cognitive impairment (odds ratio: 4.103, 95% confidence interval: 1.455–11.567, P = 0.008).

Conclusion

To prevent cognitive impairment in older adults with disabilities, the management of chronic pain should be considered, as they are related.