bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Research on the Mechanism of Load Transfer Structures in the Construction Process of “Internal Support—Large Block” Prefabricated Subway Stations
Authors: Li Qinglou , Li Yuanzhuo , Tan Zhongsheng , Li Linfeng , Cao Yuxin
Published: December 2024

In the context of rising global temperatures, countries around the world are increasingly tailoring their own “carbon neutrality” plans. China has also formulated its “dual-carbon” goals, and the construction industry is gradually transitioning towards prefabrication to reduce carbon emissions. This paper uses the Sha Pu Station of Shenzhen’s Metro Line 12 as a case study by which to explore the effects and mechanisms of the load transfer structure during the assembly process of prefabricated subway stations. A three-dimensional finite element model considering soil–structure interaction was established using MIDAS GTS NX finite element software, 2018 version. The internal forces, stresses, and deformations of the station structure were compared under two scenarios—with and without the load transfer structure—using a control variable method. The research results indicate that the load transfer structure effectively reduces shear forces, bending moments, and stresses in the station structure; limits lateral displacements during the assembly process; and effectively concentrates the maximum stresses during construction at the location of the load transfer structure, thereby preventing stress concentration phenomena and enhancing the overall stability of the station structure. This study elucidates the role and effectiveness of the load transfer structure during the assembly of prefabricated components in subway stations, providing a reference for the construction of similar prefabricated metro stations.
Soil Strength Parameters for the Sustainable Design of Unsupported Cuts Under Drained Conditions Using Reliability Analysis
Authors: Rogério Flávio , Guerra Nuno , Antão Armando , Vicente da Silva Mário
Published: December 2024

Unsupported excavations are frequently performed in several geological and geotechnical projects, particularly for constructing roads and railways, and they are often carried out in different materials. The design of such cuts in soils needs the determination of representative values of its mechanical properties, particularly of the strength parameters, and the application of adequate safety factors. The procedure should ensure a sustainable design of those cuts, allowing for economical solutions that guarantee a low probability of geological–geotechnical failure. This paper assesses the reliability of unsupported cuts in soils, under drained conditions, assuming a Mohr–Coulomb strength criterion. Statistical meshes are generated considering the spatial variability of the friction angle and of the true effective cohesion, which are assumed to be uncorrelated. In this process, typical values of the coefficients of variation and of the horizontal and vertical scales of fluctuation are applied. Soil characterisation is simulated in each statistical mesh, and the characteristic values of the strength parameters are determined using statistical methods. Unsupported cuts of different heights and inclinations are designed using typical safety factors. Slope stability analyses are carried out using Random Finite Element Limit Analysis. The uncertainty in the actions is considered, and the probability of failure is determined by direct reliability analysis. The results show the relevance of the ratio between the scale of fluctuation and the excavation depth, the slope inclination, and the characteristic value of the soil strength parameters on the probability of failure. Values of adequate safety factors are proposed towards obtaining an appropriate probability of failure, compatible with the sustainable design of the cuts.
Preparation of Composite Materials with Slow-Release Biocides and Solidifying Agents for Remediation of Acid Pollution in Coal Gangue
Authors: Ruan Mengying , Hu Zhenqi , Fang Huiming , Li Yuan , Shi Zhewei
Published: December 2024

The processes of coal mining and washing generate a substantial amount of coal gangue. During prolonged outdoor storage, this waste can lead to both direct and indirect environmental pollution, as well as geological hazards. Recent research has indicated that the redox processes of coal gangue are regulated by microorganisms. Techniques such as the application of biocides and the facilitation of microbial interactions have proven effective in controlling the acidic pollution of coal gangue in the short term. However, conventional doping methods that couple sulfate-reducing bacteria with biocides face challenges, including a short effective duration and poor stability. To address these issues, this study utilized corn straw biochar as a microbial attachment material and incorporated water-retaining agents as slow-release biocide carriers, resulting in the development of an environmentally friendly microbial remediation material. This study selected 0.6 g of biochar produced from the pyrolysis of corn straw at 700 °C to immobilize sulfate-reducing bacteria. Additionally, 0.6 g of polyacrylamide was used to prepare a slow-release bactericide with 100 mL of a sodium dodecyl sulfate solution at a concentration of 50 mg·L−1. The composite remediation material successfully raises the pH of weathered coal gangue leachate from 4.32 to 6.88. Its addition notably reduces the sulfate ion concentration in the weathered coal gangue, with sulfate content decreasing by 86.45%. Additionally, the composite material effectively lowers the salinity of the weathered coal gangue. The composite immobilizes heavy metal ions within the weathered coal gangue, achieving an approximate removal rate of 80% over 30 days. Following the introduction of the composite material, significant changes were observed in the dominant microbial communities and population abundances on the surface of the coal gangue. The composite demonstrated the ability to rapidly, sustainably, and effectively remediate the acidification pollution associated with coal gangue.
Research on the Establishment and Application of a Transportation Safety Supervision Evaluation System Based on Grey Analytic Hierarchy Process
Authors: Zhang Xiaowang , Li Shuangqing , Liu Xiaoqian , Jian Shengqi , Li Shuren , Yue Jinchao
Published: December 2024

Given the increasing complexity of transportation systems and the critical need for effective safety oversight, this study aims to evaluate and improve the transportation safety supervision (TSS) system in Henan Province, China. Based on questionnaire data from relevant units in Henan Province, China, a three-level index system of the effectiveness of TSS consisting of 4 criterion-level indicators and 25 factory-level indicators is established. By combining the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and grey system theory, a hierarchical grey evaluation model is constructed to evaluate the current situation of TSS in Henan Province. The results show that the evaluation index system and the weights of each index are reliable. The comprehensive evaluation value of the TSS system in Henan Province is 3.08, indicating that the effectiveness of the system is at level 2; thus, the current situation of TSS in Henan Province is good. Based on the calculated evaluation values of the first- and second-level indicators, suggestions are put forward to strengthen the management of the TSS by supervision units at all levels.
Economic Assessment of Maritime Fuel Transformation for GHG Reduction in the International Shipping Sector
Authors: Zhao Yanfang , Liu Feng , Zhang Yuanyuan , Wang Zhanli , Song Zhen , Zan Guanjie , Wang Zhihuan , Guo Huiru , Zhang Hanzhe , Zhu Jia , Su Penghao
Published: December 2024

This study aims to predict the economic transition pathway for alternative fuels in accordance with the 2023 IMO GHG Strategy goals. The assessment considers the impact of alternative fuel transition on fuel costs (∆COSTFuel,t), carbon emission costs (∆COSTCO2 eq,t), and ship new/retrofit costs (∆COSTship). The parameters and boundary conditions were set based on the current status and trends in the international shipping industry, as determined from previous research, to predict the economic transition pathway for alternative fuels. The results show that in 2050, with a standardized economic efficiency of 130%, profit will reach its maximum value, approximately −54,000 million USD. The study standardized fuel ΔCOSTj, normalized, and ΔNPV%j, normalized as a basis for adjusting penetration rates. At this time, considering fuel costs and NPV%, the composition of alternative fuels is as follows: bio-LNG, bio-Methanol, e-LNG, e-Methanol, e-Ammonia, BD, and Fossil-LNG, with shares of 18.56%, 4.00%, 25.64%, 6.00%, 10.00%, 28.00%, and 0%, respectively. Compared to conventional marine fuel HFO, the increase ranges from 23.54% to 69.50% in the 2030s, 0.52% to 0.55% in the 2040s, and decreases by 6.88%–14.69% in 2050. Using more LNG and BD in the 2040s and 2050 is an alternative way to achieve a better economic fuel transition. Moreover, the economic penetration rate combination set in this study can achieve sufficiently small ∆COSTT,t and sufficiently large NPVΔt under specific assumptions and boundary conditions, rather than an absolute minimum ∆COSTT,t or the absolute maximum NPVΔt. The results revealed that no single alternative fuel has a comprehensive advantage in reducing carbon intensity and economic performance at all times. Given the uncertainties in the supply chain, cost-effectiveness, and infrastructure for Methanol and Ammonia, LNG and BD play a crucial role in the transition of international shipping fuels. Our work provides a fundamental and comprehensive prediction of fuel transition based on the current status and trends in the international shipping industry.
Biology and Ecology of the European Eel as Revealed by an Original Sampling Technique Performed in a Deep and Large Riverine Ecosystem
Authors: Nzau Matondo Billy , Ovidio Michaël , Lerquet Marc , Colson Dylan , Sonny Damien
Published: December 2024

Few studies have documented the biology, demography, and ecology of eels in deep and large riverine ecosystems, which nevertheless contain important growing areas for this endangered species. Using an original eel sampling technique, this 6-year study, started in 2018, aims to characterise the bioecology and demography parameters of eels in a deep and wide riverine ecosystem, the Meuse in Belgium. It was performed over a 125.8 km stretch and included four sampling sites. This technique, never previously used in the Meuse, trapped the eels in fyke nets when they swam back upstream, swimming against the current, after an avoidance reaction generated by the screens of hydropower facilities. Results revealed a high performance in catching eels as well as their sympatric biodiversity. The inter-site growth of eels was good. Yellow eels were mostly caught in the spring and summer under the influence of rising water temperatures, and silver eels were caught during autumn in October–December when flow and turbidity were high. A down-to-upstream decreasing demographic gradient was observed, but this pattern was not found for entry rate, catchability, survival, and immigration and emigration nets. Survival was low, and net emigration was high at a site experiencing noise pollution and hydraulic disturbance due to the work of expanding the ship lock to facilitate the passage of large boats. Effective strategies for the local eel stock and habitat management have been provided for deep and large riverine ecosystems.
Digital Capabilities and Ambidextrous Innovation: Evidence from Chinese Technology-Based SMEs
Authors: Wang Xinyu , Han Guangkui , Wu Keqiang , He Jialiang , Ma Xiaohan , Zhou Quan , Chen Xiongying
Published: December 2024

Ambidextrous innovation is key to the high-quality and sustainable development of enterprises, but it remains unclear how digital capabilities affect knowledge management and ambidextrous innovation in the digital economy era. Based on organizational learning theory, this paper explores the impact pathways of digital capabilities on knowledge management and ambidextrous innovation, while also analyzing the moderating effect of knowledge inertia. Empirical research on 253 technology-based small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) demonstrates that digital capabilities have a significant positive effect on both exploitative and exploratory innovation, and they influence both types of innovation through the mediating role of knowledge management. Furthermore, knowledge inertia negatively moderates the impact of digital capabilities on knowledge management and exploratory innovation. This study reveals the internal mechanism by which digital capabilities drive ambidextrous innovation through knowledge management, providing theoretical support for enterprises to deepen digitalization and carry out ambidextrous innovation.
A Fuzzy-Bayesian Network Approach Based Assessment of CoP System in Forging Higher Education Social Responsibility
Authors: Xie Binglei , Li Pengchang , Wang Yuhong , Luo Feiyi , Wu Linhua
Published: December 2024

Community of practice (CoP) has been seen as a pivotal support for higher education institutions to implement their social responsibilities. Even though this model is widely admired, assessing its effectiveness and sustainability still faces many challenges: (1) the absence of an appropriate index reveals the significance of CoP; (2) the difficulty of realizing quantitative assessment; and (3) the strategies to improve contribution sustainably by considering CoP development. To address these challenges, a comprehensive Higher Education Social Responsibility Contribution Index (HESRCI) is constructed by taking into account the CoP key influence factors. An FBN model is further developed for the purpose of assessing the various corresponding contributions quantitatively and investigating the potential interdependencies between influence factors. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is evidenced by the quantitative indication of CoP’s contributions to priorities. Research findings also highlight the significance of CoP governance, the mechanism of resource allocation, and team development, in particular, in facilitating the synergy between university development and sustainable socio-economic growth. In addition, it provides data support and a theoretical basis for higher education institutions to make more informed decisions when implementing industry-education integration strategies.
The Role of Snake Venom Proteins in Inducing Inflammation Post-Envenomation: An Overview on Mechanistic Insights and Treatment Strategies
Authors: Rao Sudharshan , Reghu Nisha , Nair Bipin Gopalakrishnan , Vanuopadath Muralidharan
Published: December 2024

The intricate combination of organic and inorganic compounds found in snake venom includes proteins, peptides, lipids, carbohydrates, nucleotides, and metal ions. These components work together to immobilise and consume prey through processes such as paralysis and hypotension. Proteins, both enzymatic and non-enzymatic, form the primary components of the venom. Based on the effects they produce, venom can be classified as neurotoxic, hemotoxic, and cytotoxic. Studies have shown that, after envenomation, proteins in snake venom also contribute significantly to the induction of inflammatory responses which can either have systemic or localized consequences. This review delves into the mechanisms by which snake venom proteins trigger inflammatory responses, focusing on key families such as phospholipase A2, metalloproteinases, serine proteases, C-type lectins, cysteine-rich secretory proteins, and L-amino acid oxidase. In addition, the role of venom proteins in activating various inflammatory pathways, including the complement system, inflammasomes, and sterile inflammation are also summarized. The available therapeutic options are examined, with a focus on antivenom therapy and its side effects. In general, this review offers a comprehensive understanding of the inflammatory mechanisms that are triggered by snake venom proteins and the side effects of antivenom treatment. All these emphasize the need for effective strategies to mitigate these detrimental effects.
Antivenom Administration After Rattlesnake Envenoming in Arizona Does Not Directly Diminish Pain
Authors: Nielsen Vance G. , Stratton Darien L. , Hoelscher Tyler M. , Nakamura Hannah L. , Cornelison Matthew M. , Rushton William F. , Smelski Geoffrey T.
Published: December 2024

The onset, progression, and severity of pain following rattlesnake envenomation are highly variable between patients. Pain can be severe and persistent, seemingly refractory to opioid analgesics. The ability of antivenom to directly relieve pain has not been well studied. We reviewed poison center charts of rattlesnake envenomations between 1 January 2018, and 31 December 2022. Demographic data as well as details of antivenom usage and pain severity were collected. Patients were coded in one of three categories: without pain (Pain 0), well controlled pain (Pain 1), and opioid refractory pain (Pain 2). A total of 289 patients met the inclusion criteria, with 140 receiving Anavip antivenom and 149 receiving Crofab. Patient characteristics were different between both cohorts. There were no significant differences in the number of Anavip vials used between the Pain 1 and Pain 2 groups. However, patients in the Crofab Pain 2 group received more antivenom compared to Pain 1. Importantly, Pain 3 patients were treated with the highest amount of antivenom in both the Crofab and Anavip cohorts. Despite the higher doses of antivenom used, these patients also experienced the greatest pain. These data suggest that antivenom alone may have minimal analgesic benefits.
Burden of Food-Borne Trematodiases in China: Trends from 1990 to 2021 and Projections to 2035
Authors: Zou Yanzheng , Lin Yihu , Qian Yili , Tao Luqiu , Tan Gao , Zhu Hongru , Pan Li , Liu Xiaoli , He Yu , Wang Wei
Published: December 2024

To assess the burden of food-borne trematodiases in China from 1990 to 2021 and project the burden through 2035, data were captured from the Global Burden of Disease Study (GBD) 2021 datasets. The estimated prevalent food-borne trematodiase cases were 33.32 million (95% uncertainty interval (UI): 29.25–38.35 million) in China in 2021, contributing to 768,297.4 disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) (95% UI: 383,882.8–1,367,826.1). The number of prevalent cases and DALYs declined by 9.02% and 18.11%, and a downward decline was seen in age-standardized prevalence and DALY rates (estimated annual percentage change: −0.96% and −1.21%, respectively). A higher prevalence and DALY rates were observed among males than females, and the middle-aged group bore the highest burden, while the older population showed the most rapid increase in prevalent cases and DALY numbers. Projected DALY counts and rates remain stable through 2035 using the Bayesian age–period–cohort (BAPC) model. These findings demonstrate a decline in the burden of food-borne trematodiases in China from 1990 to 2021; however, the prevalence remained high, which contributed considerably to disability and premature death. Continued control efforts and targeted interventions are essential to further reducing the burden of food-borne trematodiases in China.
Land-Use and Land-Cover Changes and Urban Expansion in Central Vietnam: A Case Study in Hue City
Authors: Linh Nguyen Hoang Khanh , Pham Tung Gia , Pham Ty Huu , Tran Chau Thi Minh , Nguyen Tan Quang , Ha Nam Thang , Ngoc Nguyen Bich
Published: December 2024

During the past two decades, Hue city has undergone significant changes in its economic development, leading to a rapid transformation of its land-use and land-cover (LULC) patterns. This study used remote sensing data and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) to analyze changes in the land-use and land-cover in Hue city, providing essential insights for the city’s future development. This research examines indicators such as area and land-cover changes, urban development trends, and the morphology of urban areas during the period from 2000 to 2020, with assessments conducted at ten-year intervals. The results showed that built-up and forest land have increased, while agricultural and unused land have decreased over time. By 2020, the urban area had expanded by more than 60% in the north and northeast directions. Hue city developed through infilling and edge expansion of existing urban areas, while some regions primarily expanded into outlying sections in the east and south by constructing high-end residential areas on former paddy rice fields. These findings yield valuable policy implications that extend beyond the case study of Hue city, offering insights for other cities to pursue inclusive and prosperous futures.
Genomic Evolution of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Variant in Córdoba, Argentina (2021–2022): Analysis of Uncommon and Prevalent Spike Mutations
Authors: Olivero Nadia B. , Zappia Victoria E. , Gargantini Pablo , Human-Gonzalez Candela , Raya-Plasencia Luciana , Marquez Judith , Ortiz-Batsche Lucia , Hernandez-Morfa Mirelys , Cortes Paulo R. , Ceschin Danilo , Nuñez-Fernandez Mariana , Perez Daniel R. , Echenique José
Published: December 2024

Understanding the evolutionary patterns and geographic spread of SARS-CoV-2 variants, particularly Omicron, is essential for effective public health responses. This study focused on the genomic analysis of the Omicron variant in Cordoba, Argentina from 2021 to 2022. Phylogenetic analysis revealed the dominant presence of BA.1 and BA.2 lineages, with BA.5 emerging earlier than BA.4, aligning with observations from other regions. Haplotype network analysis showed significant genetic divergence within Omicron samples, forming distinct clusters. In comparison to global datasets, we identified mutations in the Omicron genomes (A27S, Y145D, and L212I) situated within the NTD region of the Spike protein. These mutations, while not widespread globally, showed higher prevalence in our region. Of particular interest were the Y145D and L212I substitutions, previously unreported in Argentina. In silico analysis revealed that both mutations impact the binding affinity of T-cell epitopes to HLA type I and II alleles. Notably, these alleles are among the most common in the Argentinian population, with some associated with protection against and others with susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection. These findings strongly suggest that these prevalent mutations likely influence the immunogenicity of the Spike protein and contribute to immune evasion mechanisms. This study provides valuable insights into the genomic dynamics of the Omicron variant in Cordoba, Argentina and highlights unique mutations with potential implications for COVID-19 vaccines.
Association Between County-Level Social Vulnerability and Vaccine-Related Attitudes and Hesitancy Toward COVID-19 Vaccination in the United States
Authors: Kim Yun , Iachan Ronaldo , Boyle John , Deng Yangyang
Published: December 2024

Background/Objectives: Understanding attitudes and behaviors related to vaccination is critical for enhancing COVID-19 vaccination acceptance and reducing disparities in vaccination coverage. This study examines disparities in vaccine-related attitudes and COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in the United States in relation to community-level social vulnerability. Methods: This study analyzed cross-sectional national surveys conducted repeatedly between July 2020 and August 2021 (n = 6716). We assessed the association between county-level social vulnerability and general vaccine-related attitudes, as well as COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy. We developed Poisson models with robust variance estimation. The analysis also included the association of county social vulnerability with parental COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy. Results: Living in counties with high Socioeconomic Status vulnerability was associated with less vaccine support (adjusted Prevalence Ratio (aPR) 1.10; 95% CI 1.05–1.14) and residing in counties with high Household Characteristics vulnerability was associated with higher likelihood of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy (aPR 1.13; 95% CI 1.07–1.20). In contrast, high vulnerability in the Racial and Ethnic Minority was associated with more positive attitudes toward vaccines (aPR 0.91; 95% CI 0.88–0.94) and lower COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy for both themselves (aPR 0.81; 95% CI 0.76–0.87) and children (aPR 0.84; 95% CI 0.75–0.94), after adjusting for sociodemographic factors. Conclusions: Our study highlights the importance of addressing vulnerabilities related to socioeconomic status and household characteristics to reduce disparities in vaccine perceptions and hesitancy in socially vulnerable populations. The findings provide evidence for targeted public health interventions at the community level. They also demonstrate that the relationship between social vulnerability and vaccine attitudes varies across different vulnerability components.
Optimal Allocation of Urban Water Resources Based on Multi-Objective Nutcracker Optimization Algorithm
Authors: Wang Dong , Zhang Dandan , Liu Zhen , Li Lei , Liu Xin
Published: December 2024

The imbalance between water supply and demand (WSD) has been growing noticeable as a result of the economy’s fast expansion which can be effectively alleviated using optimal allocation of water resources. An urban water resources allocation (WRA) model based on the innovative Multi-Objective Nutcracker Optimization Algorithm (MONOA) is proposed in this study. Taking into account economic, social and ecological benefits, a comprehensive multi-objective optimization (MOO) model is established. By introducing the opposite learning strategy, non-dominated sorting approach and crowding distance mechanism to a recently reported intelligent optimization algorithm called the Nutcracker Optimization Algorithm (NOA), the novel nature-inspired metaheuristic algorithm MONOA is proposed to solve the multi-objective optimization model. The MONOA is evaluated on ten benchmark test functions, and it exhibits superior distribution and convergence by comparing with some highly cited algorithms. The proposed model is applied to Handan, China, in order to obtain a reasonable water allocation scheme in the planning year. The simulation results reveal that the economic benefit is in the range CNY [1.36, 1.44] × 1011, water shortage is in the range [0.66, 0.98] × 108 m3 and COD emission is in the range [3.70, 3.91] × 104 t in all the obtained Pareto solutions. The water resources management departments might create customized water allocation plans by balancing different goals and taking preferences into account. Moreover, the proposed method is a general approach that can be applied to many other cities. Hence, it is of great significance to the sustainable development and utilization of urban water resources.
Factors Diversifying the Characteristics of Fluvial Sediments Accumulated in Mountain Stream Channels—A Case Study from the Polish Carpathians
Authors: Słowik-Opoka Ewa , Michno Anna
Published: December 2024

This paper presents the diversification of fluvial sediments caused by the occurrence of coarse woody debris (CWD), boulder steps (BSs), and mixed structures (MSs), understood as a combination of CWD and BSs in a stream channel in a small forested catchment in the Polish Carpathians. This research is crucial for understanding the role of this kind of threshold present in a stream channel in shaping fluvial sediment characteristics in small forested mountain catchments. Our hypothesis is that the threshold type in a stream channel determines fluvial sediment diversification. This was verified in field research, including identification of the channel’s morphodynamic structure and the morphometric characteristics of CWD, BSs, and MSs as well as the collection of fluvial sediments upstream and downstream of them. In order to preserve research objectivity, tests were performed during comparable flow conditions in the summer (EX1) and autumn (EX2) periods. The statistical analysis showed that the type of threshold significantly affects the processing, size, and shape diversification of mineral material. This diversity is particularly noticeable in fluvial sediments within CWD and MSs, which retain material of more diverse sizes and shapes.
The Identification of Predominant Faecal Contamination Sources in Water Using Host-Specific Genetic Markers in Water-Stressed Rural Communities of Vhembe District Municipality, South Africa
Authors: Mudau Mulalo , Ngobeni-Nyambi Renay , Momba Maggy Ndombo Benteke
Published: December 2024

It is critical to attribute faecal contamination to its original source in order to assess public health risks and implement effective interventions to mitigate future contamination. This study aimed to identify the primary sources of faecal contamination in water using microbial source tracking markers in water-stressed rural communities. A total of 1128 water samples were collected sequentially from the main source (river/borehole) to the households. Six host-specific genetic markers were used to detect faecal contamination in the water samples (BacHum and HF183, BacCow, Pig-2-Bac, Cytb and BacCan). Of the 564 water samples tested during the wet season, 37.94% (n = 214) were positive for human and animal-specific Bacteroidales marker genes, while 31.73% (n = 179) of the 564 tested during the dry season were also positive. During the wet season, animal faecal contamination was more prevalent among the positive samples (Cytb: 20.56%, n = 44; BacCan: 19.16%, n = 41). By contrast, human-origin faecal contamination was dominant during the dry season (BacHum: 23.46%, n = 42; HF183: 21.23%, n = 38). Identifying the origin of faecal contamination will assist in implementing targeted intervention strategies for the effective prevention of pathogen transmission in water-stressed rural communities in order to protect public health.
Analysis of Fluid–Structure Coupling of Sudden Water Deformation in Tunnels Under Construction
Authors: Wang Zhongkai , Dong Jinyu , Zhao Yawen , Wang Zhongnan
Published: December 2024

Analyzing the mechanisms of soil instability in tunnels due to sudden water ingress is essential for construction safety. This kind of problem belongs to the category of seepage deformation, mostly due to the near tunnel range of water pipeline blowing cracks and heavy rainfall flooding rainwater into the tunnel. Distinguished from general infiltration behavior, the relevant problems have the characteristics of rapid occurrence and short action time. This study develops a 3D fluid–solid coupling model for soil deformation in tunnels with water ingress, grounded in Biot’s theory and Darcy’s law while considering water level variations within the tunnel. The governing equations are discretized in space and time, and the model’s accuracy is validated through comparison with actual measurements from a Zhengzhou subway project. The study analyzes pore pressure, stress-deformation responses, and surface settlement patterns in surrounding soil and rock mass under soil–water coupling. The findings show that (1) the tunnel cavern, as a seepage source, has minimal impact on the lateral settlement trough width, while seepage mainly affects the vertical deformation of surrounding rock; (2) pressure dissipation exhibits hysteresis in clay strata; (3) water ingress increases soil saturation and decreases effective stress, resulting in persistent surface settlement until drainage. There is a minimal discrepancy between model-calculated and measured settlements.
Conceptual Model of Digitization of the Municipal Wastewater Disposal Systems
Authors: Shtepa Volodymyr , Junakova Natalia , Zaiets Nataliia , Lutska Nataliia , Chernysh Yelizaveta , Balintova Magdalena
Published: December 2024

In the modern world, intelligent and digital wastewater disposal systems are increasingly in demand for real-time decision-making on the environmental efficiency of wastewater disposal. The aim of the study is to develop wastewater management processes for monitoring and predicting the parameters of sewerage networks. This paper presents the results of physical modeling of changes in the properties of aqueous solutions transported through the sewerage network to the treatment plant. It was found that the quality of wastewater without additional pollutants is stable, but under the influence of complex, disturbing factors, significant fluctuations in parameters are observed, requiring preventive control to prevent secondary pollution. In order to eliminate the disadvantages of prototypes and improve the environmental safety of wastewater disposal, a conceptual model of digitalization of the wastewater disposal system of water supply and sewerage facilities in the segment “Transport—wastewater treatment” based on the criteria of environmental efficiency of treatment facilities was justified and created. This model for regulating wastewater discharge parameters considers the quality indicators of domestic and industrial wastewater, which excite technological processes at municipal wastewater treatment plants and makes corrections through local treatment methods. This will reduce the risk of secondary pollution and increase management efficiency and environmental compliance of treatment facilities but, at the same time, requires significant investment, infrastructure modernization, qualified personnel and solutions to the issues of integrating processes into a single system. Also, a conceptual scheme of monitoring and forecasting sewerage network parameters and the sequence of sewerage system digitalization using the example of a settlement was created. Further research will be aimed at building a digital system of regulation of water supply and sewerage facilities in the segment based on the criterion of the ecological efficiency of treatment facilities with regard to disturbance.
Development Characteristics and Controlling Factors of Karst Aquifer Media in a Typical Peak Forest Plain: A Case Study of Zengpiyan National Archaeological Site Park, South China
Authors: Wang Penghui , Wu Yangyang , Li Siliang , Jiang Guanghui , Yuan Daoxian , Yang Jinli , Guo Chunzi , Yue Fujun , Yuan Panli , Wu Haobiao , Luo Xuqiang , Luo Guangjie
Published: December 2024

The medium development characteristics and controlling factors of the karst peak forest plain water system constitute the core of analyzing the complex and variable hydrogeological environment, especially in revealing the controlling factors between the hydrological system and karst development characteristics, which is crucial for a deeper understanding of karst hydrogeological environments. This study takes Zengpiyan in Guilin as an example and conducts a dynamic clustering analysis on the advantageous occurrence of fracture development in three sampling areas. A total of 3472 karst channels and fractures were identified and measured. Our research reveals the following: (1) The high degree of development of fissures on surface rock outcrops is mainly formed by the expansion of shear joints through dissolution and erosion. The dip angles of fissures are mainly characterized by low angles, with fissures with dip angles between 18° and 80° accounting for 65.44% of the total observed fissures. The linear density of fissures is 3.64 per meter. (2) There are significant differences in the line density of cracks and fissures in different areas of the research area. For example, the line density in Sampling Area 1 is 0.99 lines per meter, while the line density in Sampling Area 3 reaches 5.02 lines per meter. In addition, the extension length of cracks is generally long, with joints with extension lengths exceeding 1.5 m accounting for 77.46% of the total observed joints and through cracks with extension lengths exceeding 5 m accounting for 23.33%. (3) The development characteristics of underground karst reveal that underground karst caves are mainly distributed at elevations of 120 to 160 m, with a drilling encounter rate of about 43.3%. It is also noted that geological structures control the horizontal distribution of karst, and geological lithology, hydrodynamic conditions, and water carbon dioxide concentrations are key factors affecting the vertical zoning of karst. This study provides an important scientific basis for understanding the development characteristics and controlling factors of karst water system media in peak forest plains and has important guiding significance for water resource management in karst areas and disaster prevention during tunnel excavation.
Community-Based Adaptive Governance Model for Colombian Tourist Beaches: The Case of Playa Blanca in Santa Marta, Colombia
Authors: Herrera Leal Juan Francisco , Zielinski Seweryn , Milanes Celene B.
Published: December 2024

This paper aims to present a process that led to the development of a community-based adaptive governance model for tourist beaches as a significant step toward consolidating an integrated coastal zone management (ICZM) program at the local level. This research spans 16 years of work conducted in Playa Blanca, Santa Marta, Colombia, from 2008 to 2024. A qualitative social research methodology was employed using content analysis as the primary technique. The Force-Driver-Pressure-State-Impact-Response (DPSIR) model, the ASAS method, two expert panels, and eight community workshops were carried out as part of the study. As a result, the concept of community-based adaptive governance for tourist beaches was developed, leading to the design of a Model of Adaptive Governance based on Communities for Tourist Beaches (known in Spanish as GABCO-PLAYTUR). This model emphasizes the empowerment and active involvement of local actors. National and international experts, along with regional and local stakeholders, have validated the GABCO-PLAYTUR Model to ensure its effectiveness in beach management. When applying this model, the results indicated that the primary pressures on the Playa Blanca ecosystem were related to tourism activities. Additionally, the study revealed that inefficient coordination among the various actors involved in decision-making processes affects the socio-ecosystem. In conclusion, the relevance of the governance model in Playa Blanca was confirmed, illustrating a complex process with both progress and setbacks that evolve over time. While the community actors demonstrated high levels of organization and leadership in beach management, the role of institutions in this process was less prominent during the period analyzed.
Predicting Stream Flows and Dynamics of the Athabasca River Basin Using Machine Learning
Authors: Kamal Sue , Wang Junye , Dewan M. Ali Akber
Published: December 2024

Streamflow forecasting is of great importance in water resource management and flood warnings. Machine learning techniques can be utilized to assist with river flow forecasting. By analyzing historical time-series data on river flows, weather patterns, and other relevant factors, machine learning models can learn patterns and relationships to present predictions about future river flows. In this study, an autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) model was constructed to predict the monthly flows of the Athabasca River at three monitoring stations: Hinton, Athabasca, and Fort MacMurray in Alberta, Canada. The three monitoring stations upstream, midstream, and downstream were selected to represent the different climatological regimes of the Athabasca River. Time-series data were used for model training to identify patterns and correlations using moving averages, exponential smoothing, and Holt–Winters’ method. The model’s forecasting was compared against the observed data. The results show that the determination coefficients were 0.99 at all three stations, indicating strong correlations. The root mean square errors (RMSEs) were 26.19 at Hinton, 61.1 at Athabasca, and 15.703 at Fort MacMurray, respectively, and the mean absolute percentage errors (MAPEs) were 0.34%, 0.44%, and 0.14%, respectively. Therefore, the ARIMA model captured the seasonality patterns and trends in the stream flows at all three stations and demonstrated a robust performance for hydrological forecasting. This provides insights and predictions for water resource management and flood warnings.
The relevance of the concept of cultural-historical types in modern Russia
Authors:   Department of Ontology and Theory of Knowledge, Saint Petersburg State University, Dokuchaev I.I. , Sokolov A.M. ,   Department of Social Philosophy and Philosophy of History, Russian Christian Academy for Humanities named after Fyodor Dostoevsky, Saint Petersburg State University
Published: December 2024

The article examines the problem of historical process models, shows the role of values as
a stabilizing force of each period of history and scientific and technological discoveries as a
dynamic force determining the change of eras. A model is proposed that combines the principles
of civilizational and formational approaches to history, in which local civilizations could
be considered a way of history until the beginning of the third globalization — the Renaissance,
the scientific and technological achievements of which made it possible to unite the
world into one economic system. The prehistory of globalization is shown — its early versions:
political (the formation of ancient empires, with a single state structure and various cultures in
its composition) and religious (the formation of supranational regional world religions, with a
single culture in different parts of the corresponding region). The article discusses the role of
Russia in this process. The main properties of the four stages of axiogenesis of its culture are
shown: the adoption of Christianity, the formation of a single state, European modernization,
the creation of a socialist society. The article examines the main problems of constructing
a thesaurus of contemporary Russian culture: axiological abstractionism, axiological idolatry,
and axiological anti-historicism. The article shows the main forms of interaction between
contemporary Russia and the East and the West in the context of Russia's axiogenesis. Three
negative aspects of this axiogenesis in relation to the West are highlighted: demonization,
which forces one to refuse to understand the degree of inevitability of modernization; isolationism,
which forces one to refuse to cooperate with the West; and finally, resentment, which
forces one to refuse to understand the nature of one's own problems. Three negative aspects
of Russia's axiogenesis in relation to the East are highlighted: angelization of the East, which
provokes a refusal to understand the real content of Eastern cultures, and above all, their dependence
on the West; underestimation of Eastern threats to Russian security; and finally, a
refusal to understand how Eastern cultures are alien to Russian culture. It is argued that in the
context of the global problems of our time, generated by the capitalist mode of production,
only socialism is capable of stopping the world's continuous movement toward catastrophe.
The experience of socialism in the USSR, together with all its negative aspects, must be taken
into account and become the basis for the formation of a future thesaurus of Russian culture.
Cardiovascular risk estimation and statin adherence: an historical cohort study protocol
Authors: Finnikin Samuel , Willis Brian , Khatib Rani , Evans Tim , Marshall Tom
Published: December 2024

Background

Adherence to statins for the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease (CVD) is low. There is evidence that some facets of the initiation consultation, or the initiating clinician, are associated with adherence. CVD risk estimation is fundamental to statin initiation and shared decision making (SDM), because the benefits of statins are proportional to CVD risk. Absence of a recorded CVD score before statin initiation therefore indicates SDM is unlikely.

Aim

To investigate whether SDM, using CVD risk score as a proxy measure, is associated with adherence to statins and CVD outcomes.

Design & setting

A retrospective cohort study using a database of English primary care records.

Method

The cohort will include statin naïve patients aged 40-84 years initiated on statins for primary prevention between 2017 and 2020, categorised by the presence or absence of a CVD risk score at statin initiation. Statin adherence and persistence will be determined from subsequent statin prescriptions. Multivariable modelling, accounting for potential confounders, will determine the association between a recorded CVD risk score and subsequent statin adherence and with statin persistence. A secondary analysis will investigate the relationship to subsequent CVD outcomes and death.

Conclusion

This research uses a record of CVD risk score as a proxy for SDM, to investigate the link between SDM and medication adherence. It will shed light on relationship between how the initiation consultation is performed and subsequent adherence and persistence with treatment.
EFEKTIVITAS SPRAY GEL EKSTRAK CALENDULA OFFICINALIS (TAGETAS ERECTA L) TERHADAP PENYEMBUHAN LUKA PERINIUM PADA IBU NIFAS
Authors: Novita Novita , Rahayu Sri , Supriyadi Supriyadi
Published: December 2024

Perineal wounds in postpartum mothers will become moist because they are passed through by lochia and their presence close to the anus will be a fertile place for the growth of bacteria that can cause infection. Efforts to prevent infection and accelerate healing require treatment, one of the treatments that can be done is by administering Calendula officinalis extract gel spray. The purpose of this study was to prove that administering Calendula officinalis extract gel spray is effective in healing perineal wounds in postpartum mothers. This study is a true experimental study with a pre-test post-test with control group design. The technique used was random sampling, with 34 respondents divided into 2 groups, the intervention group was given Calendula officinalis extract gel spray and the control group was given Calendula officinalis extract gel measured using the REEDA scale. The test used was the Mann Whitney test. The intervention group of Calendula officinalis extract spray gel was effective for healing perineal wounds in postpartum mothers with an average value of 7.44 in the pre-test and 0.03 in post-test III, while in the control group, with p-value pre test and post test III intervention and control groups is 0.000. Calendula officinalis extract gel had an average value of 7.47 in the pre-test and 0.09 in post-test III. Administration of Calendula officinalis extract spray gel had an effect on healing perineal wounds in postpartum mothers based on the REEDA score.