bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Laser wakefield acceleration of 10-MeV-scale electrons driven by 1-TW multi-cycle laser pulses in a sub-millimeter nitrogen gas cell
Authors: Lai P.-W. , Liu K.-N. , Tran D. K. , Chou S.-W. , Chu H.-H. , Chen S.-H. , Wang J. , Lin M.-W.
Published: January 2023

By focusing conventional 1-TW 40-fs laser pulses into a dense 450-μm-long nitrogen gas cell, we demonstrate the feasibility of routinely generating electron beams from laser wakefield acceleration (LWFA) with primary energies scaling up to 10 MeV and a high charge in excess of 50 pC. When electron beams are generated with a charge of ≈30 pC and a beam divergence of ≈40 mrad from the nitrogen cell having a peak atom density of 7.6×1018 cm−3, increasing the density inside the cell by 25%—controlled by tuning the backing pressure of fed nitrogen gas—can induce defocusing of the pump pulse that leads to a twofold increase in the output charge but with a trade-off in beam divergence. Therefore, this LWFA scheme has two preferred regimes for acquiring electron beams with either lower divergence or higher beam charge depending on a slight variation of the gas/plasma density inside the cell. Our results identify the high potential for implementing sub-millimeter nitrogen gas cells in the future development of high-repetition-rate LWFA driven by sub-TW or few-TW laser pulses.
Small-tilt measurement based on weak-value-amplification with balanced homodyne detection
Authors: Zhang ChaoXia , Lai YongLang , Yang RongGuo , Liu Kui , Zhang Jing , Sun HengXin , Gao JiangRui
Published: January 2023

We experimentally realize a great precision enhancement in the small-tilt measurement by using a Sagnac interferometer and balanced homodyne detection (BHD) of high-order optical modes, together with the weak-value amplification (WVA) technique. Smaller minimum measurable tilt and higher signal-to-noise ratio can be obtained by using BHD, compared with the split detection. The precision of 3.8 nrad can be obtained under our present experimental condition. It is shown that combining WVA technique and BHD can strengthen each other's advantages and can behave better for some special application scenarios, such as extremely weak output, wider measurement bandwidth, etc. Moreover, the precision can be further enhanced by experimental parameter optimization.
On detailed balance in nonadiabatic dynamics: From spin spheres to equilibrium ellipsoids
Authors: Amati Graziano , Runeson Johan E. , Richardson Jeremy O.
Published: January 2023

Trajectory-based methods that propagate classical nuclei on multiple quantum electronic states are often used to simulate nonadiabatic processes in the condensed phase. A long-standing problem of these methods is their lack of detailed balance, meaning that they do not conserve the equilibrium distribution. In this article, we investigate ideas for restoring detailed balance in mixed quantum–classical systems by tailoring the previously proposed spin-mapping approach to thermal equilibrium. We find that adapting the spin magnitude can recover the correct long-time populations but is insufficient to conserve the full equilibrium distribution. The latter can however be achieved by a more flexible mapping of the spin onto an ellipsoid, which is constructed to fulfill detailed balance for arbitrary potentials. This ellipsoid approach solves the problem of negative populations that has plagued previous mapping approaches and can therefore be applied also to strongly asymmetric and anharmonic systems. Because it conserves the thermal distribution, the method can also exploit efficient sampling schemes used in standard molecular dynamics, which drastically reduces the number of trajectories needed for convergence. The dynamics does however still have mean-field character, as is observed most clearly by evaluating reaction rates in the golden-rule limit. This implies that although the ellipsoid mapping provides a rigorous framework, further work is required to find an accurate classical-trajectory approximation that captures more properties of the true quantum dynamics.
Implementation of network embedding strategy on proteome datasets from multi-source cancers to demonstrate marker proteins of cancers
Authors: Sun Dezhi , Chen Ruzhen , Ma Shuaikang , Zhang Yuqi , Li Dong
Published: January 2023

The rapid production of high-throughput cancer omics data provides valuable data resources for revealing the pathogenesis, prognosis prediction and treatment strategies of cancers. However, the huge data scale brings great challenges to data analysis. Therefore, we applied the representation learning method to the joint analysis of biomedical network and omics data. According to the protein expression profile of patients with early-stage hepatocellular carcinoma, 15 dimensional embedding vectors of 101 samples were obtained. Unsupervised learning was then used to cluster the embedded vectors of the samples, and we found that the clustering of the embedded vectors of the samples was consistent with the clustering of the original data. Therefore, the spatial distribution of embedded vectors can maintain the similarity of samples. New pan-cancer subtypes were obtained by joint embedding the expression profile of pan-cancer proteomic and pathway network data. Nine hunded and forty four proteins such as KIF2C, AURKA, ATP1B1, BDH1 and C6ORF106 were found to be significantly related to these subtypes, and 143 biological pathways or processes such as p53 signaling pathway, nucleotide synthesis, immune diseases, metabolism, cholesterol synthesis and transportation were found to be significantly related to these subtypes. These results show that the representation learning system developed can realize the seamless connection between the omics data and the pathway network. Our method is expected to help mine the biological knowledge contained in the omics data and provide a new perspective for further explanation of the molecular mechanism.
Physics-based simulations of grassfire propagation on sloped terrain at field scale: motivations, model reliability, rate of spread and fire intensity†
Authors: Innocent Jasmine , Sutherland Duncan , Khan Nazmul , Moinuddin Khalid
Published: January 2023

This study focuses on physics-based modelling of grassfire behaviour over flat and sloped terrains through a set of field-scale simulations performed using the Wildland–urban Interface Fire Dynamics Simulator (WFDS), with varying wind speeds (12.5, 6 and 3 m s−1) and slope angles (−30° to +30°). To ensure the accuracy of this Large Eddy Simulation (LES), a sensitivity study was carried out to select the converged domain and grid sizes. Fire isochrones, locations of fire front, dynamic and quasi-steady rates of spread (RoS), and fire intensity results from the simulations are presented. Within the simulations conducted, the RoS and fire intensity were found to be higher with increasing slope angles, as well as with wind velocity. RoS comparisons are made with various empirical models. At different slope angles and driving wind velocities, different empirical quasi-steady RoS broadly match with particular dynamic maximum, minimum and averaged RoS values from this study. It appears that the ideal nature of grassfire propagation simulation and challenges related to measuring quasi-steady values in experimental studies are likely reasons for the observed differences. Additionally, for lower wind velocities, the RoS–fire intensity relationship (Byram’s) deviates from linearity for greater upslopes.
Metformin acts in the gut and induces gut-liver crosstalk
Authors: Tobar Natália , Rocha Guilherme Z. , Santos Andrey , Guadagnini Dioze , Assalin Heloísa B. , Camargo Juliana A. , Gonçalves Any E. S. S. , Pallis Flavia R. , Oliveira Alexandre G. , Rocco Silvana A. , Neto Raphael M. , de Sousa Irene Layane , Alborghetti Marcos R. , Sforça Maurício L. , Rodrigues Patrícia B. , Ludwig Raissa G. , Vanzela Emerielle C. , Brunetto Sergio Q. , Boer Patrícia A. , Gontijo José A. R. , Geloneze Bruno , Carvalho Carla R. O. , Prada Patricia O. , Folli Franco , Curi Rui , Mori Marcelo A. , Vinolo Marco A. R. , Ramos Celso D. , Franchini Kleber G. , Tormena Claudio F. , Saad Mario J. A.
Published: January 2023

Metformin is the most prescribed drug for DM2, but its site and mechanism of action are still not well established. Here, we investigated the effects of metformin on basolateral intestinal glucose uptake (BIGU), and its consequences on hepatic glucose production (HGP). In diabetic patients and mice, the primary site of metformin action was the gut, increasing BIGU, evaluated through PET-CT. In mice and CaCo2 cells, this increase in BIGU resulted from an increase in GLUT1 and GLUT2, secondary to ATF4 and AMPK. In hyperglycemia, metformin increased the lactate (reducing pH and bicarbonate in portal vein) and acetate production in the gut, modulating liver pyruvate carboxylase, MPC1/2, and FBP1, establishing a gut-liver crosstalk that reduces HGP. In normoglycemia, metformin-induced increases in BIGU is accompanied by hypoglycemia in the portal vein, generating a counter-regulatory mechanism that avoids reductions or even increases HGP. In summary, metformin increases BIGU and through gut-liver crosstalk influences HGP.
Gender gaps at the academies
Authors: Card David , DellaVigna Stefano , Funk Patricia , Iriberri Nagore
Published: January 2023

Historically, a large majority of newly elected members of the National Academy of Science (NAS) and the American Academy of Arts and Science (AAAS) were men. Within the past two decades, however, that situation has changed, and in the last 3 y, women made up about 40% of the new members in both academies. We build lists of active scholars from publications in the top journals in three fields—psychology, mathematics, and economics—and develop a series of models to compare changes in the probability of selection of women as members of the NAS and AAAS from the 1960s to today, controlling for publications and citations. In the early years of our sample, women were less likely to be selected as members than men with similar records. By the 1990s, the selection process at both academies was approximately gender neutral, conditional on publications and citations. In the past 20 y, however, a positive preference for female members has emerged and strengthened in all three fields. Currently, women are 3 to 15 times more likely to be selected as members of the AAAS and NAS than men with similar publication and citation records. The positive preference for women may be in part a reflection of concerns that women face higher barriers to publishing in top journals and may receive less credit for their work.
BAP1 is a novel regulator of HIF-1α
Authors: Bononi Angela , Wang Qian , Zolondick Alicia A. , Bai Fang , Steele-Tanji Mika , Suarez Joelle S. , Pastorino Sandra , Sipes Abigail , Signorato Valentina , Ferro Angelica , Novelli Flavia , Kim Jin-Hee , Minaai Michael , Takinishi Yasutaka , Pellegrini Laura , Napolitano Andrea , Xu Ronghui , Farrar Christine , Goparaju Chandra , Bassi Cristian , Negrini Massimo , Pagano Ian , Sakamoto Greg , Gaudino Giovanni , Pass Harvey I. , Onuchic José N. , Yang Haining , Carbone Michele
Published: January 2023

BAP1
is a powerful tumor suppressor gene characterized by haplo insufficiency. Individuals carrying germline
BAP1
mutations often develop mesothelioma, an aggressive malignancy of the serosal layers covering the lungs, pericardium, and abdominal cavity. Intriguingly, mesotheliomas developing in carriers of germline
BAP1
mutations are less aggressive, and these patients have significantly improved survival. We investigated the apparent paradox of a tumor suppressor gene that, when mutated, causes less aggressive mesotheliomas. We discovered that mesothelioma biopsies with biallelic
BAP1
mutations showed loss of nuclear HIF-1α staining. We demonstrated that during hypoxia,
BAP1
binds, deubiquitylates, and stabilizes HIF-1α, the master regulator of the hypoxia response and tumor cell invasion. Moreover, primary cells from individuals carrying germline
BAP1
mutations and primary cells in which
BAP1
was silenced using siRNA had reduced HIF-1α protein levels in hypoxia. Computational modeling and co-immunoprecipitation experiments revealed that mutations of
BAP1
residues I675, F678, I679, and L691 -encompassing the C-terminal domain-nuclear localization signal- to A, abolished the interaction with HIF-1α. We found that
BAP1
binds to the N-terminal region of HIF-1α, where HIF-1α binds DNA and dimerizes with HIF-1β forming the heterodimeric transactivating complex HIF. Our data identify
BAP1
as a key positive regulator of HIF-1α in hypoxia. We propose that the significant reduction of HIF-1α activity in mesothelioma cells carrying biallelic
BAP1
mutations, accompanied by the significant reduction of HIF-1α activity in hypoxic tissues containing germline
BAP1
mutations, contributes to the reduced aggressiveness and improved survival of mesotheliomas developing in carriers of germline
BAP1
mutations.
Space and time transformations with a minimal length
Authors: Bosso Pasquale
Published: January 2023

Phenomenological studies of quantum gravity have proposed a modification of the commutator between position and momentum in quantum mechanics to introduce a minimal uncertainty in position in quantum mechanics. In the present work, we show the influence of space and time transformations in shaping quantities such as momentum, energy, and their relations with the generators of transformations. Thus, such an influence determines, among other aspects, the time evolution of a quantum system. In the exemplary case of Galilean transformations, the Schrödinger equation is identical to the ordinary case.
Heisenberg uncertainty principle: an advanced undergraduate laboratory experiment based on quantum quadrature operators
Authors: Chen Yu , Liu Zhaoyang , Chen Xin , Liu Shuqi , Jiang Jiatong , Wu Yuan , Guo Jinxian , Chen L Q
Published: January 2023

The Heisenberg uncertainty principle (HUP) plays an important role in quantum mechanics. It is necessary to demonstrate this principle experimentally for undergraduates to understand HUP clearly. In this paper, we originally employ the quantum quadrature operators to demonstrate HUP in undergraduate laboratories. Starting from the quantization of electromagnetic field, we briefly review the definition of quadrature operators and demonstrate HUP via the variances of quadrature operators. And the scheme of HUP demonstration with homodyne detection is introduced. More importantly, we develop a tabletop experimental apparatus for the demonstration of HUP in undergraduate laboratories. Our proposal focuses on the basic quantum mechanics concepts, experimental principles, and instruction as well as experimental techniques. It provides a way to help undergraduates, especially the ones who will go on graduate study in quantum technology in the future, make connections between abstract quantum mechanics concepts and concrete experiments, which makes the concepts better understood.
3D printing-based microfluidic devices in fabric
Authors: Switalla Ander , Wentland Lael , Fu Elain
Published: January 2023

Fabric-based microfluidics is a growing sub-field of porous materials-based microfluidics. 3D printing has been demonstrated as a useful fabrication method for open channel microfluidic devices, and also in the context of porous substates such as cellulose. In the current report, we describe a straightforward method for 3D printing fabric-based microfluidic devices. We demonstrate the ability to create both full and partial barriers in fabric, characterizing minimum channel and barrier widths, as well as reproducibility of the method using the metric of flow time repeatability through the channels. We discuss considerations specific to 3D printing in fabric including fabric anisotropy, stretching, and nonuniformity. Further, we highlight our fabrication method via the implementation of a colorimetric urea assay.
On the design of piezoelectric actuator for 1D MEMS scanning mirror applications
Authors: Liu Shih-Chi , Cheng Hao-Chien , Chen Si-Han , Lin Hung-Yu , Hsu Chih-Chen , Shih Fuchi , Liang Kai-Chih , Wu Mingching , Fang Weileun
Published: January 2023

This study presents the design, implementation, and characterization of 1D resonant type micro-electro-mechanical-systems (MEMS) piezoelectric scanning mirrors with different actuator designs to investigate their influences on the figure of merits (FoMs) for automotive light detection and ranging application. The MEMS scanning mirrors are driven by lead zirconate titanate (PZT) thin film in this study owing to its outstanding piezoelectric properties. Three different beam-type piezoelectric actuators are designed, including the reference meander straight-beam actuator design, and the proposed meander curved-beam and straight-curved tapered beam actuator designs. Simulations show the scan angle enhancement for two proposed designs, yet the resonant scanning frequency of meander curved-beam design dropped to below the 2 kHz requirement. To evaluate the designs, scanning mirrors with two proposed actuators are fabricated and tested. Measurements show that the resonant frequencies for the two proposed MEMS scanning mirrors are 1735 Hz and 2578 Hz, respectively. Two proposed designs respectively have the maximum optical angles of 48.1° and 50.6° at the 20 Vpp driving voltage. Due to the much higher stress on the beam structure induced by the misalignment of PZT film, the actuator could not reach the predicted scanning angle of near 80°. In comparison of the two proposed designs, the straight-curved tapered beam actuator design could enhance the FoM for about 56%. In summary, the performances of piezoelectric MEMS scanning mirror can be improved by varying the designs of length and shape of actuator, and the distribution of PZT film on the suspended actuator is also a critical design concern.
Advances in nonlinear photonic devices based on lithium niobate waveguides
Authors: Wang Zijie , Wang Chunhua , Yu Huakang
Published: January 2023

The nonlinear optical waveguide is one of the essential components of modern photonic integrated circuits. A high-quality lithium niobate (LN) waveguide has recently become available due to advances in thin-film LN materials and the associated fabrication techniques. In the past few years, LN waveguide-based nonlinear photonic devices have been intensively investigated due to their ultra-low loss and large index-contrast features. Here we review the recent progress in LN waveguide-based nonlinear photonics devices, including both passive and active components. We believe that LN-based nonlinear photonic devices will make a profound impact on modern photonic society.
Passivation of oxygen vacancy defects in conductive ZnO nanoparticles via low-temperature annealing in NF3
Authors: Xu Keliang , Li Peng , Wang Shengyu , Ma Jiangang , Xu Haiyang , Liu Yichun
Published: January 2023

Oxygen vacancies (VO) often exist in wide-bandgap metal oxide semiconductors (MOSs) as deep-level defects and undermine the reliability of various optoelectronic devices based on MOSs. Conventional methods to passivate VO defects, such as high-temperature annealing or plasma treatment, can compromise device performance. This work demonstrates that passivation of VO defects in aluminum-doped ZnO (AZO) nanoparticles can be realized through low-temperature annealing (350 °C) in an NF3 atmosphere. After the NF3 annealing, the longitudinal optical phonon scattering mode in Raman spectroscopy, the visible light emission intensity in photoluminescence spectroscopy, and the oxygen deficiency-related peak in x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy decrease simultaneously, indicating the passivation of VO defects in AZO nanoparticles. As a result, AZO nanoparticles show higher visible light reflectance and better stability of electrical conductivity owing to the suppression of deep-level light absorption and gas molecule adsorption. This work also offers insights into the passivation mechanism of VO defects in MOSs.
Effect of deformation dependence and mirror nucleus corrections energy on multinucleon transfer reaction cross sections
Authors: Zhao Tian Liang , Bao Xiao Jun , Zhang Hong Fei
Published: January 2023

Multinucleon transfer reactions are currently a powerful way to synthesize neutron-rich nuclei. To explore the effect of nucleus deformation and mirror nucleus shell correction energy in the nucleus mass model on the calculation of multinucleon transfer reaction cross sections in the dinuclear system (DNS) model, three macroscopic microscopic mass models are selected and the transfer reaction cross sections are calculated for 136Xe+208Pb and 64Ni+238U by improved DNS model+GEMINI++, respectively. The mirror nucleus shell correction energy does not improve the accuracy of the cross section of the transfer reaction. The introduction of a different dependence of the Coulomb and surface energy on the deformation can improve the calculation of the transfer reaction cross section when the projectile and target nuclei are deformed nuclei.
Waiting time dependence of aging
Authors: Odagaki Takashi
Published: January 2023

Aging phenomena have been observed in many non-equilibrium systems such as polymers and glasses, where physical properties depend on the waiting time between the starting time of observation and the time when the temperature is changed. The aging is classified into two types on the basis of the waiting time dependence of an instantaneous relaxation time: When the relaxation time is always an increasing function of the waiting time, the aging is called Type I and when it depends on the protocol of the temperature change, the aging is called Type II. Aging of a random walk in three dimensions is investigated when the free energy landscape controlling the jump rate responds to temperature change with a delay. It is shown that the intermediate scattering function of the random walk model exhibits Type II aging. It is also shown that the relaxation time of the free energy landscape can be deduced from the waiting time dependence of the instantaneous relaxation time.
Wafer-scale controlled growth of MoS2 by magnetron sputtering: from in-plane to inter-connected vertically-aligned flakes
Authors: Wadhwa Riya , Thapa Sanjeev , Deswal Sonia , Kumar Pradeep , Kumar Mukesh
Published: January 2023

Recently, Molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) has attracted great attention due to its unique characteristics and potential applications in various fields. The advancements in the field have substantially improved at the laboratory scale however, a synthesis approach that produces large area growth of MoS2 on a wafer scale is the key requirement for the realization of commercial two-dimensional (2D) technology. Herein, we report tunable MoS2 growth with varied morphologies via radio frequency magnetron sputtering by controlling growth parameters. The controlled growth from in-plane to vertically-aligned (VA) MoS2 flakes has been achieved on a variety of substrates (Si, Si/SiO2, sapphire, quartz, and carbon fiber). Moreover, the growth of VA MoS2 is highly reproducible and is fabricated on a wafer scale. The flakes synthesized on the wafer show high uniformity, which is corroborated by the spatial mapping using Raman over the entire 2-inch Si/SiO2 wafer. The detailed morphological, structural, and spectroscopic analysis reveals the transition from in-plane MoS2 to VA MoS2 flakes. This work presents a facile approach to directly synthesize layered materials by sputtering technique on wafer scale. This paves the way for designing mass production of high-quality 2D materials, which will advance their practical applications by integration into device architectures in various fields.
Deep learning based direct segmentation assisted by deformable image registration for cone-beam CT based auto-segmentation for adaptive radiotherapy
Authors: Liang Xiao , Morgan Howard , Bai Ti , Dohopolski Michael , Nguyen Dan , Jiang Steve
Published: January 2023

Cone-beam CT (CBCT)-based online adaptive radiotherapy calls for accurate auto-segmentation to reduce the time cost for physicians. However, deep learning (DL)-based direct segmentation of CBCT images is a challenging task, mainly due to the poor image quality and lack of well-labelled large training datasets. Deformable image registration (DIR) is often used to propagate the manual contours on the planning CT (pCT) of the same patient to CBCT. In this work, we undertake solving the problems mentioned above with the assistance of DIR. Our method consists of three main components. First, we use deformed pCT contours derived from multiple DIR methods between pCT and CBCT as pseudo labels for initial training of the DL-based direct segmentation model. Second, we use deformed pCT contours from another DIR algorithm as influencer volumes to define the region of interest for DL-based direct segmentation. Third, the initially trained DL model is further fine-tuned using a smaller set of true labels. Nine patients are used for model evaluation. We found that DL-based direct segmentation on CBCT without influencer volumes has much poorer performance compared to DIR-based segmentation. However, adding deformed pCT contours as influencer volumes in the direct segmentation network dramatically improves segmentation performance, reaching the accuracy level of DIR-based segmentation. The DL model with influencer volumes can be further improved through fine-tuning using a smaller set of true labels, achieving mean Dice similarity coefficient of 0.86, Hausdorff distance at the 95th percentile of 2.34 mm, and average surface distance of 0.56 mm. A DL-based direct CBCT segmentation model can be improved to outperform DIR-based segmentation models by using deformed pCT contours as pseudo labels and influencer volumes for initial training, and by using a smaller set of true labels for model fine tuning.
Building an automated, machine learning-enabled platform for predicting post-operative complications
Authors: Balch Jeremy A , Ruppert Matthew M , Shickel Benjamin , Ozrazgat-Baslanti Tezcan , Tighe Patrick J , Efron Philip A , Upchurch Gilbert R , Rashidi Parisa , Bihorac Azra , Loftus Tyler J
Published: January 2023

Objective. In 2019, the University of Florida College of Medicine launched the MySurgeryRisk algorithm to predict eight major post-operative complications using automatically extracted data from the electronic health record. Approach. This project was developed in parallel with our Intelligent Critical Care Center and represents a culmination of efforts to build an efficient and accurate model for data processing and predictive analytics. Main Results and Significance. This paper discusses how our model was constructed and improved upon. We highlight the consolidation of the database, processing of fixed and time-series physiologic measurements, development and training of predictive models, and expansion of those models into different aspects of patient assessment and treatment. We end by discussing future directions of the model.
3D ECG display with deep learning approach for identification of cardiac abnormalities from a variable number of leads
Authors: Bortolan Giovanni
Published: January 2023

Objective. The objective of this study is to explore new imaging techniques with the use of the deep learning method for the identification of cardiac abnormalities present in electrocardiogram (ECG) signals with 2, 3, 4, 6 and 12-lead in the framework of the PhysioNet/Computing in Cardiology Challenge 2021. The training set is a public database of 88,253 twelve-lead ECG recordings lasting from 6 s to 60 s. Each ECG recording has one or more diagnostic labels. The six-lead, four-lead, three-lead, and two-lead are reduced-lead versions of the original twelve-lead data. Approach. The deep learning method considers images that are built from raw ECG signals. This technique considers innovative 3D display of the entire ECG signal, observing the regional constraints of the leads, obtaining time-spatial images of the 12 leads, where the x-axis is the temporal evolution of ECG signal, the y-axis is the spatial location of the leads, and the z-axis (color) the amplitude. These images are used for training Convolutional Neural Networks with GoogleNet for ECG diagnostic classification. Main results. The official results of the classification accuracy of our team named ‘Gio_new_img’ received scores of 0.4, 0.4, 0.39, 0.4 and 0.4 (ranked 18th, 18th, 18th,18th, 18th out of 39 teams) for the 12-lead, 6-lead, 4-lead, 3-lead, and 2-lead versions of the hidden test set with the Challenge evaluation metric. Significance. The results indicated that all these algorithms have similar behaviour in the various lead groups, and the most surprising and interesting point is the fact that the 2-lead scores are similar to those obtained with the analysis of 12 leads. It permitted to test the diagnostic potential of the reduced-lead ECG recordings. These aspects can be related to the pattern recognition capacity and generalizability of the deep learning approach and/or to the fact that the characteristics of the considered cardiac abnormalities can be extracted also from a reduced set of leads.
Impact of surface charges on energy deposition in surface dielectric barrier discharge: a modeling investigation
Authors: Ren Chenhua , Huang Bangdou , Zhang Cheng , Qi Bo , Chen Weijiang , Shao Tao
Published: January 2023

Surface charges have significant impact on the evolution of surface dielectric barrier discharge (SDBD). In this work, the role of residual surface charges on repetitively nanosecond pulsed SDBD in atmospheric air is investigated using a two-dimensional fluid model, based on the assumption of preserving the distribution of surface charges at the end of the previous high voltage (HV) pulse. In the bipolar mode when the polarity of residual surface charges is opposite to that of the current HV pulse, a lower breakdown voltage and more deposited energy can be observed, showing an obvious enhancement of SDBD. In the unipolar mode, residual surface charges suppress the development of discharges and energy deposition. It is found that more residual surface charges are accumulated during the negative pulsed discharge, which have a more pronounced effect on the subsequent positive pulsed one. This is explained by the fact that the negative surface streamers directly contact the dielectric and charge it, while the positive surface streamers float above the dielectric, forming a ion-rich region near the surface. The results in this work demonstrate the mechanism of how residual surface charges affect discharge dynamics, which can be utilized to regulate energy deposition in SDBDs.
Flexible skin for measurement of boundary layer state and flight attitude identification on UAV
Authors: Pang Peng , Zhao Keli , Zhong Siyuan , Luo Wei , Wei Jianfeng , He Kaifeng , Ma Binghe , Luo Jian , Deng Jinjun
Published: January 2023

The wall shear stress and pressure are important for analyzing boundary layer flow and evaluating the aerodynamic performance of the aircraft. In this study, a flexible skin consisting of dual layer hot-film sensors and pressure belts was developed to measure the distribution of wall shear stress and pressure on an unmanned aerial vehicle during increase of angle of attack (AOA), tail spin, and decreases of AOA. The sensitivity of the dual layer hot-film sensor is improved by about 150% due to heat conduction reduced. The relative error of pressure belt is less than 1% at 10 °C–65 °C. The boundary layer separation and reattachment time, separation AOA and time-shift of the flow field changes in flight conditions are determined. The separated AOA of the left and right wing boundary layers are 26.41° and 17.58° respectively. There is a delay about 4 s between the separation of the boundary layer and the entry of the tail spin, which can provide early warning to prevent abnormal flight conditions such as post stall and tail spin.
Enhanced conductance of molecular states at interstitial sites
Authors: Homberg Jan , Gruber Manuel , Weismann Alexander , Berndt Richard
Published: January 2023

Arrays of phthalocyanine molecules on Pb(100) are investigated with scanning tunneling microscopy. Maps of the differential conductance exhibit drastic changes as the sample voltage is being varied. Maximal conductances are observed at positions between the molecules mimicking bonding states. However, the maxima are shown to result from a superposition of non-interacting states. We expect that this effect may be observed from many other molecules.
Tailoring near-field-mediated photon electron interactions with light polarization
Authors: Chahshouri Fatemeh , Talebi Nahid
Published: January 2023

Inelastic interaction of free-electrons with optical near fields has recently attracted attention for manipulating and shaping free-electron wavepackets. Understanding the nature and the dependence of the inelastic cross section on the polarization of the optical near-field is important for both fundamental aspects and the development of new applications in quantum-sensitive measurements. Here, we investigate the effect of the polarization and the spatial profile of plasmonic near-field distributions on shaping free-electrons and controlling the energy transfer mechanisms, but also tailoring the electron recoil. We particularly show that polarization of the exciting light can be used as a control knop for disseminating the acceleration and deceleration path ways via the experienced electron recoil. We also demonstrate the possibility of tailoring the shape of the localized plasmons by incorporating specific arrangements of nanorods to enhance or hamper the transversal and longitudinal recoils of free-electrons. Our findings open up a route towards plasmonic near-fields-engineering for the coherent manipulation and control of slow electron beams for creating desired shapes of electron wavepackets.
Two-dimensional dual topological insulator in hexagonal IrO
Authors: Li W Q , Zhou P , Sun L Z
Published: January 2023

Double topological insulators (DTIs) are systems with two kinds of nontrivial topological indexes. Three-dimensional materials with dual-topological character (DTC) have received extensive research, whereas two-dimensional (2D) DTIs have received less attention. In this paper, we propose a new 2D DTI IrO material by using first-principles calculations. Further calculation reveal it is energetically, dynamically, and mechanically stable. There is a direct band gap in the electronic band structures with and without spin–orbit coupling (SOC), and a SOC-induced band inversion occurs at the M point. Based on the symmetry analysis and the
k
·
p
model, the topological invariant Z2 and mirror Chern number C

m
are determined to be nontrivial. The DTC is supported further by the different behavior of the edge states with and without the mirror symmetry breaking. Our theoretical prediction broadens the domain of candidate 2D DTIs in terms of topological manifestations as well as material realization.
Growth and temperature tuned band gap characteristics of NaBi(MoO4)2 single crystal
Authors: Isik M , Guler I , Gasanly N M
Published: January 2023

Structural and optical properties of double sodium–bismuth molybdate NaBi(MoO4)2 semiconductor compound was investigated by x-ray diffraction, Raman and transmission experiments. From the x-ray diffraction experiments, the crystal that has tetragonal structure was obtained. Vibrational modes of the crystal were found from the Raman experiments. Transmission experiments were performed in the temperature range of 10–300 K. Derivative spectroscopy analysis and absorption spectrum analysis were performed to get information about the change in band gap energy of the crystal with temperature. It was observed that the band gap energies of the crystal at different temperatures obtained from these techniques are well consisted with each other. By the help of absorption spectrum which was obtained from transmission measurements performed at varying temperatures, absolute zero value of the band gap and average phonon energy as 3.03 ± 0.02 eV and

E

p
h

= 24 ± 0.2 meV, respectively. Moreover, based on absorption spectrum analysis the Urbach energy of the crystal was obtained as 0.10 eV.
Greedy permanent magnet optimization
Authors: Kaptanoglu Alan A. , Conlin Rory , Landreman Matt
Published: January 2023

A number of scientific fields rely on placing permanent magnets in order to produce a desired magnetic field. We have shown in recent work that the placement process can be formulated as sparse regression. However, binary, grid-aligned solutions are desired for realistic engineering designs. We now show that the binary permanent magnet problem can be formulated as a quadratic program with quadratic equality constraints, the binary, grid-aligned problem is equivalent to the quadratic knapsack problem with multiple knapsack constraints, and the single-orientation-only problem is equivalent to the unconstrained quadratic binary problem. We then provide a set of simple greedy algorithms for solving variants of permanent magnet optimization, and demonstrate their capabilities by designing magnets for stellarator plasmas. The algorithms can a-priori produce sparse, grid-aligned, binary solutions. Despite its simple design and greedy nature, we provide an algorithm that compares with or even outperforms the state-of-the-art algorithms while being substantially faster, more flexible, and easier to use.
Dynamic investigations on hydrogen–helium interaction around the vacancy in BCC iron from ab-initio calculations
Authors: Luo Fengping , Huang Jia , Liu Qingyuan , Gao Zhiying , Ge Wei , Gao Fei , Wang Yugang , Wang Chenxu
Published: January 2023

Coexistence of hydrogen (H) and helium (He) under vacancy (V) supersaturation in the fusion environment alters the dynamic evolution of cavities and ultimately influences the swelling of structural materials. Herein, we investigate H–He interaction around a V as one prototype trapping site for H and He in body-centered cubic (BCC) iron (Fe) utilizing ab initio calculations from the thermal dynamics. First, we demonstrate the significantly stronger He–V interaction than H–V interaction by comparing the dynamic trapping and de-trapping of H with those of He. Furthermore, we confirm the repulsive H–He interaction around the V by examining their hopping around H–He–V complexes. The prior He in the V imposes weak influence on the dynamic trapping of H while enhances H de-trapping. Due to the prior He, more H atoms can be accommodated in the V resulting from larger H–H distances to attenuate repulsive H–H interaction. The dynamic trapping of He by the V is weakly influenced, even though the V is densely coated by the prior H. There exists a critical density of the prior H in the V, below which the prior H enhances He de-trapping. Above this critical density, He de-trapping is inhibited by the prior H. This work provides significant dynamic insights at the atomic scale toward a better understanding of the cavity nucleation and H isotopes/He retention in structural materials in the fusion environment.
Surface characterization and analysis of textured injection moulded PC-ABS automotive interior components
Authors: Reddy Vijeth V , Krishna Amogh V , Sjögren Anders , Rosén Bengt-Göran
Published: January 2023

Automotive interior components are produced by injection moulding due to its cost effectiveness in mass production. The surfaces of these components are textured to control the appearance and other surface functional properties such as wear and scratch resistance. Key challenges lie in replicating the features of mould tool with high aspect ratio which are influenced by the polymer and large number of process variables. Hence, to control the aesthetic properties, it is important to improve the understanding of the replication of textured surfaces and its relationship with measured gloss. In this study, the surface topography of PC-ABS samples is investigated using coherence scanning interferometry. Replication of two types- coarse and fine grain surface texture are investigated to identify the effects of tool temperature, injection speed and holding pressure. Areal surface parameters are scrutinized for the quantitative characterization and discrimination of study samples surface topographies. The correlations between process parameters, measured gloss and areal surface parameters are discussed. The results show significant influence of process variables on the replication of surface topography and measured gloss. The grain pattern governed the set of surface parameters selected and the variation in gloss. The process variables are observed to influence different region or distribution of specific surface features represented by surface parameters.
Variations in phenological, physiological, plant architectural and yield-related traits, their associations with grain yield and genetic basis
Authors: Li Yibo , Tao Fulu , Hao Yuanfeng , Tong Jingyang , Xiao Yonggui , He Zhonghu , Reynolds Matthew
Published: January 2023

Background and Aims

Physiological and morphological traits play essential roles in wheat (Triticum aestivum) growth and development. In particular, photosynthesis is a limitation to yield. Increasing photosynthesis in wheat has been identified as an important strategy to increase yield. However, the genotypic variations and the genomic regions governing morphological, architectural and photosynthesis traits remain unexplored.

Methods

Here, we conducted a large-scale investigation of the phenological, physiological, plant architectural and yield-related traits, involving 32 traits for 166 wheat lines during 2018–2020 in four environments, and performed a genome-wide association study with wheat 90K and 660K single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) arrays.

Key Results

These traits exhibited considerable genotypic variations in the wheat diversity panel. Higher yield was associated with higher net photosynthetic rate (r = 0.41, P < 0.01), thousand-grain weight (r = 0.36, P < 0.01) and truncated and lanceolate shape, but shorter plant height (r = −0.63, P < 0.01), flag leaf angle (r = −0.49, P < 0.01) and spike number per square metre (r = −0.22, P < 0.01). Genome-wide association mapping discovered 1236 significant stable loci detected in the four environments among the 32 traits using SNP markers. Trait values have a cumulative effect as the number of the favourable alleles increases, and significant progress has been made in determining phenotypic values and favourable alleles over the years. Eleven elite cultivars and 14 traits associated with grain yield per plot (GY) were identified as potential parental lines and as target traits to develop high-yielding cultivars.

Conclusions

This study provides new insights into the phenotypic and genetic elucidation of physiological and morphological traits in wheat and their associations with GY, paving the way for discovering their underlying gene control and for developing enhanced ideotypes in wheat breeding.
Evolution of hygrophytic plant species in the Anatolia–Caucasus region: insights from phylogenomic analyses ofCardamineperennials
Authors: Kantor Adam , Kučera Jaromír , Šlenker Marek , Breidy Joêlle , Dönmez Ali A , Marhold Karol , Slovák Marek , Svitok Marek , Zozomová-Lihová Judita
Published: January 2023

Background and Aims

Southwestern Asia is a significant centre of biodiversity and a cradle of diversification for many plant groups, especially xerophytic elements. In contrast, little is known about the evolution and diversification of its hygrophytic flora. To fill this gap, we focus on Cardamine (Brassicaceae) species that grow in wetlands over a wide altitudinal range. We aimed to elucidate their evolution, assess the extent of presumed historical gene flow between species, and draw inferences about intraspecific structure.

Methods

We applied the phylogenomic Hyb-Seq approach, ecological niche analyses and multivariate morphometrics to a total of 85 Cardamine populations from the target region of Anatolia–Caucasus, usually treated as four to six species, and supplemented them with close relatives from Europe.

Key Results

Five diploids are recognized in the focus area, three of which occur in regions adjacent to the Black and/or Caspian Sea (C. penzesii, C. tenera, C. lazica), one species widely distributed from the Caucasus to Lebanon and Iran (C. uliginosa), and one western Anatolian entity (provisionally C. cf. uliginosa). Phylogenomic data suggest recent speciation during the Pleistocene, likely driven by both geographic separation (allopatry) and ecological divergence. With the exception of a single hybrid (allotetraploid) speciation event proven for C. wiedemanniana, an endemic of southern Turkey, no significant traces of past or present interspecific gene flow were observed. Genetic variation within the studied species is spatially structured, suggesting reduced gene flow due to geographic and ecological barriers, but also glacial survival in different refugia.

Conclusions

This study highlights the importance of the refugial regions of the Black and Caspian Seas for both harbouring and generating hygrophytic species diversity in Southwestern Asia. It also supports the significance of evolutionary links between Anatolia and the Balkan Peninsula. Reticulation and polyploidization played a minor evolutionary role here in contrast to the European relatives.
The role of xanthine dioxygenase in the biosynthetic pathway of 2-aza-8-oxohypoxanthine ofLepista sordida
Authors: Kotajima Mihaya , Choi Jae-Hoon , Suzuki Tomohiro , Wu Jing , Hirai Hirofumi , Nelson David C , Ouchi Hitoshi , Inai Makoto , Dohra Hideo , Kawagishi Hirokazu
Published: January 2023

2-Azahypoxanthine (AHX) and 2-aza-8-oxohypoxanthine (AOH), discovered as causal substances of fairy rings are known to be endogenous in the fairy ring-forming Lepista sordida. In this study, we showed that xanthine dioxygenase, an a-ketoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase, might catalyze the conversion of AHX to AOH in the fungus. Furthermore, this enzyme is the first reported molybdopterin-independent protein of hypoxanthine metabolism.
Compartmentalized response of the human epidermis to staphylococci
Authors: Cichy Joanna
Published: January 2023

An invited commentary for the article; BJD-2021-2882.R3
Predicting early extrahepatic recurrence after local treatment of colorectal liver metastases
Authors: Wensink G E , Bolhuis Karen , Elferink Marloes A G , Fijneman Remond J A , Kranenburg Onno , Borel Rinkes Inne H M , Koopman Miriam , Swijnenburg Rutger-Jan , Vink Geraldine R , Hagendoorn Jeroen , Punt Cornelis J A , Roodhart Jeanine M L , Elias Sjoerd G
Published: January 2023

Background

Patients who develop early extrahepatic recurrence (EHR) may not benefit from local treatment of colorectal liver metastases (CRLMs). This study aimed to develop a prediction model for early EHR after local treatment of CRLMs using a national data set.

Methods

A Cox regression prediction model for EHR was developed and validated internally using data on patients who had local treatment for CRLMs with curative intent. Performance assessment included calibration, discrimination, net benefit, and generalizability by internal–external cross-validation. The prognostic relevance of early EHR (within 6 months) was evaluated by landmark analysis.

Results

During a median follow-up of 35 months, 557 of the 1077 patients had EHR and 249 died. Median overall survival was 19.5 (95 per cent c.i. 15.6 to 23.0) months in patients with early EHR after CRLM treatment, compared with not reached (45.3 months to not reached) in patients without an early EHR. The EHR prediction model included side and stage of the primary tumour, RAS/BRAFV600E mutational status, and number and size of CRLMs. The range of 6-month EHR predictions was 5.9–56.0 (i.q.r. 12.9–22.0) per cent. The model demonstrated good calibration and discrimination. The C-index through 6 and 12 months was 0.663 (95 per cent c.i. 0.624 to 0.702) and 0.661 (0.632 to 0.689) respectively. The observed 6-month EHR risk was 6.5 per cent for patients in the lowest quartile of predicted risk compared with 32.0 per cent in the highest quartile.

Conclusion

Early EHR after local treatment of CRLMs can be predicted.