bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Progress in Sodium Silicates for All‐Solid‐State Sodium Batteries—a Review
Authors: Sivakumaran Abinaya , Samson Alfred Junio , Thangadurai Venkataraman
Published: January 2023

All solid‐state sodium batteries (ASSSBs) are considered a promising alternative to lithium‐ion batteries due to increased safety in employing solid‐state components and the widespread availability and low cost of sodium. As one of the indispensable components in the battery system, organic liquid electrolytes are the currently used electrolytes due to their high‐ionic conductivity (10−2 S cm−1) and good wettability; however, their low‐thermal stability, flammability, and leakage tendency pose safety concerns. The growing sodium‐ion battery technology with solid electrolytes is a viable solution due to their improved safety. However, solid electrolytes suffer from insufficient ionic conductivity at room temperature (10−4–10−3 S cm−1), poor interface stability, high charge‐transfer resistance, and low wettability, yielding inferior battery performance. Sodium rare‐earth silicates are a new class of materials with a 3D structure framework similar to sodium‐superionic conductors (NASICONs). These silicates can be used as a solid electrolyte for solid‐state sodium batteries due to their high‐ionic conduction (10−3 S cm−1) at 25 °C. Herein, the sodium rare‐earth silicate synthesis, crystal structure, ion‐conduction mechanism, doping, and electrochemical properties are discussed. This emerging type of inorganic solid electrolyte can pave the way to building next‐generation ASSSBs.
Himalayan hazard cascades – modern and medieval outburst floods in Pokhara, Nepal
Authors: Fischer Melanie , Lehnigk Karin , Lützow Natalie , Brettin Jana , Veh Georg , Larsen Isaac J. , Korup Oliver , Walz Ariane
Published: January 2023

In May 2012, a sediment‐laden flood along the Seti Khola (= river) caused 72 fatalities and widespread devastation for > 40 km in Pokhara, Nepal's second largest city. The flood was the terminal phase of a hazard cascade that likely began with a major rock‐slope collapse in the Annapurna Massif upstream, followed by intermittent ponding of meltwater and subsequent outburst flooding. Similar hazard cascades have been reported in other mountain belts, but peak discharges for these events have rarely been quantified. We use two hydrodynamic models to simulate the extent and geomorphic impacts of the 2012 flood and attempt to reconstruct the likely water discharge linked to even larger medieval sediment pulses. The latter are reported to have deposited several cubic kilometres of sediment in the Pokhara Valley. The process behind these sediment pulses is debated. We traced evidence of aggradation along the Seti Khola during field surveys and from RapidEye satellite images. We use two steady‐state flood models, HEC‐RAS and ANUGA, and high‐resolution topographic data, to constrain the initial flood discharge with the lowest mismatch between observed and predicted flood extents. We explore the physically plausible range of simplified flood scenarios, from meteorological (1000 m3 s−1) to cataclysmic outburst floods (600,000 m3 s−1). We find that the 2012 flood most likely had a peak discharge of 3700 m3 s−1 in the upper Seti Khola and attenuated to 500 m3 s−1 when arriving in Pokhara city. Simulations of larger outburst floods produce extensive backwater effects in tributary valleys that match with the locations of upstream‐dipping medieval‐age slackwater sediments in several tributaries of the Seti Khola. Our findings are consistent with the notion that the medieval sediment pulses were linked to outburst floods with peak discharges of >50,000 m3 s−1, though discharge may have been an order of magnitude higher.
The impact of caregiving on quality of life in Parkinson's disease: A systematic review
Authors: Perepezko Kate , Hinkle Jared T. , Forbes Elana J. , Pontone Gregory M. , Mills Kelly A. , Gallo Joseph J.
Published: January 2023

Objective

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease that can reduce quality of life (QOL). Previous research has explored patient specific factors that influence QOL; but understanding external factors that may also affect patient QOL, such as caregiver characteristics, can provide additional intervention targets that may improve QOL for both the person with PD and their caregiver.

Methods

We conducted a systematic review of existing literature on caregiver factors that are related to QOL for the person with PD. We developed a tailored search strategy in six databases and performed a screening procedure according to PRISMA guidelines. We synthesized findings from articles that met inclusion criteria using a narrative approach and identified themes categorizing caregiver factors associated with PD QOL.

Results

We found 32 full‐text articles that fulfilled the inclusion criteria and passed the quality appraisal. Seven themes were identified, including: (1) burden, (2) strain, (3) QOL and satisfaction, (4) demographic factors, (5) psychological factors, (6) relationship factors, and (7) caregiver input.

Conclusions

Our review presents critical insights into the role of the caregiver in the QOL of a person with PD. Findings reveal several targets for intervention to improve QOL in this population.
The challenges of obesity for fertility: A FIGO literature review
Authors: Gautam Divya , Purandare Nikhil , Maxwell Cynthia V. , Rosser Mary L. , O'Brien Patrick , Mocanu Edgar , McKeown Ciaran , Malhotra Jaideep , McAuliffe Fionnuala M. ,   the FIGO Committee on Impact of Pregnancy on Long‐term Health and the FIGO Committee on Reproductive Medicine, Endocrinology and Infertility
Published: January 2023

Obesity has been linked to infertility through several mechanisms, including at a molecular level. Those living with obesity face additional barriers to accessing fertility treatments and achieving a successful pregnancy, which can contribute to their economic and psychosocial stressors. There is scope to further improve care for people living with obesity and infertility with empathy, via a multidisciplinary approach.
Enhancing resident–preceptor relationships through resiliency discussions
Authors: Schweiss Sarah K. , Massey Sara , Walburg Kyle , Uk Nathan , Moon Jean Y.
Published: January 2023

Background/Purpose

Studies suggest utilization of support networks and mentors is a resiliency‐building strategy for health professional students. Likewise, a supportive resident–preceptor relationship has been associated with increased resident wellness. Despite this information, the impact of resident learners specifically connecting on resiliency topics with their preceptors is limited in the literature. The purpose of this study is to determine residents' perceptions of the impact of resiliency debriefing sessions with their preceptor.

Methodology

Nine 1‐h resiliency sessions were designed and delivered to 27 residents. Topics included: Introduction to Wellbeing, Balance, and Support Systems; Enneagram; Self‐Care; Imposter Syndrome; Brene Brown Critics and Feedback; Simon Sinek's “Start with Why”; Mindfulness and Gratitude; Mindset; and Creating a Mantra. After each resiliency session, residents debriefed with their clinical preceptor(s) within 1 week, which included a session content overview, perceived key takeaways, and what residents wanted more information on. Residents were then asked to complete a nine‐question survey assessing their perceptions.

Results

After delivery of nine resiliency sessions and preceptor debrief, 112 (46%) survey responses were recorded. The majority of residents (72%) agreed or strongly agreed that discussing these topics with preceptors was useful. Over half of residents felt preceptors were able to provide additional resiliency tools or resources (56% agreed or strongly agreed) and mentoring (63% agreed or strongly agreed). The majority of respondents (78%) felt resiliency topic discussions with preceptors improved their relationship and many (71%) felt the curriculum positively impacted their wellbeing.

Conclusion

Overall, residents responded favorably to participation in a resiliency curriculum and felt debrief sessions with their preceptors were beneficial and improved their resident–preceptor relationships. As we strive to improve the work‐life of health care providers and minimize burnout, it is essential to increase resiliency and wellbeing efforts for both current and future health professionals.
Resolving arteriolar wall structures in mouse brain in vivo with three‐photon microscopy
Authors: Qin Mengyuan , Huang Jie , Zhong Jincheng , Zhang Yingxian , Tong Shen , Cheng Hui , Deng Xiangquan , Zheng Lei , Zhang Wanjian , Qiu Ping , Wang Ke
Published: January 2023

The brain arteriolar wall is a multilayered structure, whose integrity is of key significance to the brain function. However, resolving these different layers in anmial models in vivo is hampered by the lack of either labeling or imaging technology. Here, we demonstrate that three‐photon microscopy (3PM) is an ideal solution. In mouse brain in vivo, excited at the 1700‐nm window, label‐free third‐harmonic generation imaging and three‐photon fluorescence (3PF) imaging with Alexa 633 labeling colocalize and resolve the internal elastic lamina. Furthermore, Alexa Fluor 594‐conjugated Wheat Germ Agglutinin (WGA‐594) shows time‐dependent labeling behavior. As time lapses, WGA‐594 first labels endothelium, and then vascular smooth muscle cells, which are readily captured and resolved with 3PF imaging. Our results show that 3PM, in combination with proper labeling, is a promising technology for investigating the structures of brain arteriolar wall in vivo.
Analysis of Otolaryngologic Readmissions at a High‐Volume Quaternary Referral Center
Authors: Godse Neal R. , Snyderman Carl H.
Published: January 2023

Objectives

To identify common reasons for readmission following otolaryngologic surgery at a high‐volume center and identify possible risk factors for readmission.

Methods

Retrospective chart review of readmissions identified by hospital‐based electronic medical record reporting mechanism.

Results

From January 2019 to September 2020, there were 87 readmissions following 808 index surgeries. The most common reason for readmission was for planned surgery (23%), followed by post‐operative neck infection, bleeding, or pneumonia. Patients with unplanned readmissions had significantly longer index admission duration than patients who were not readmitted (median 7 days vs. median 5 days, resp.; p = 0.0056). Analysis of cases of unplanned readmission for neck infection and bleeding identified the oral cavity/pharynx as the most common site of initial surgery and that a majority of patients had a history of radiation therapy.

Conclusion

Neck infection, bleeding, and pneumonia were the most common reasons for unplanned readmission following otolaryngologic surgery, and a large portion of patients required additional procedures during readmission. Unplanned readmissions for bleeding were significantly more costly than readmissions for neck infections. Long‐index hospitalizations, index surgery involving the oral cavity and pharynx, and a history of radiation therapy may be useful clinical features that could stratify the risk of readmission.

Level of Evidence

4, retrospective chart review Laryngoscope, 133:2546–2552, 2023
Summary of fifth annual public MCBK meeting: Mobilizing computable biomedical knowledge (CBK) around the world
Authors: Khan Noor , Rubin Joshua , Williams Michelle
Published: January 2023

The massive growth of biomedical knowledge in computable formats poses a challenge for organizations as they consider mobilizing artifacts to be findable, accessible, interoperable, reusable, and trustable. Formed in 2016, the Mobilizing Computable Biomedical Knowledge (MCBK) community is taking action to ensure that health organizations have the infrastructure in place to access and apply computable knowledge; to develop national policies and standards that require all data to be discoverable and available for safe and fair use; and to promote the widespread adoption and implementation of health knowledge in support of healthcare, biomedical research, public health, and education. This report summarizes the main outcomes of the Fifth Annual MCBK meeting, also considered the first manifestly global MCBK meeting, which was held virtually July 12 to 13, 2022. Over 200 participants from diverse domains around the world joined this meeting to frame and address important dimensions for mobilizing CBK.
A new spray‐based method for the in‐vitro development of dry‐surface biofilms
Authors: Christine Esther , Olive Claude , Louisin Myriam , Dramé Moustapha , Marion‐Sanchez Karine
Published: January 2023

The inanimate environment immediately surrounding the patient in healthcare facilities is a reservoir of microorganisms embedded in dry‐surface biofilms (DSB). These biofilms, first highlighted in 2012, are increasingly studied, but currently available in‐vitro models only allow for the growth of semi‐hydrated biofilms. We developed a new in‐vitro method under actual dehydration conditions based on the hypothesis that surface contamination is mainly due to splashes of respiratory secretions. The main objective of this study was to show that the operating conditions we have defined allowed the growth of DSB with a methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus strain. The second objective was to show that extended‐spectrum beta‐lactamase‐producing Enterobacteriaceae, that is, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Enterobacter cloacae were also able to grow such biofilms under these conditions. Monobacterial suspensions in sterile artificial saliva (SAS) were sprayed onto polyethylene surfaces. Nutrients and hydration were provided daily by spraying SAS enriched with 20% of Brain Heart Infusion broth. The primary outcome was mean surface coverage measured by image analysis after crystal violet staining. The method applied to S. aureus for 12 days resulted in reproducible and repeatable DSB consisting of isolated and confluent microcolonies embedded in extracellular polymeric substances as shown in scanning electron microscopy images. Similar DSB were obtained with both Enterobacteriaceae applying the same method. No interspecies variation was shown between the three strains in terms of surface coverage. These first trials are the starting point for a 3‐year study currently in process.
Automatic detection of pulmonary embolism in computed tomography pulmonary angiography using Scaled‐YOLOv4
Authors: Xu Haijun , Li Huiyao , Xu Qifei , Zhang Zewei , Wang Ping , Li Dong , Guo Li
Published: January 2023

Background

Pulmonary embolism (PE) is a common but fatal clinical condition and the gold standard of diagnosis is computed tomography pulmonary angiography (CTPA). Prompt diagnosis and rapid treatment can dramatically reduce mortality in patients. However, the diagnosis of PE is often delayed and missed.

Methods

In this study, we identified a deep learning model Scaled‐YOLOv4 that enables end‐to‐end automated detection of PE to help solve these problems. A total of 307 CTPA data (Tianjin 142 cases, Linyi 133 cases, and FUMPE 32 cases) were included in this study. The Tianjin dataset was divided 10 times in the ratio of training set: validation set: test set = 7:2:1 for model tuning, and both the Linyi and FUMPE datasets were used as independent external test sets to evaluate the generalization of the model.

Results

Scaled‐YOLOv4 was able to process one patient in average 3.55 s [95% CI: 3.51–3.59 s]. It also achieved an average precision (AP) of 83.04 [95% CI: 79.36–86.72] for PE detection on the Tianjin test set, and 75.86 [95% CI: 75.48–76.24] and 72.74 [95% CI: 72.10–73.38] on Linyi and FUMPE, respectively.

Conclusions

This deep learning algorithm helps detect PE in real time, providing radiologists with aided diagnostic evidence without increasing their workload, and can effectively reduce the probability of delayed patient diagnosis.
A stochastic time scale based framework for system reliability under a Markovian dynamic environment
Authors: Jiang Tao , Liu Yu , Ye Zhi‐Sheng
Published: January 2023

Most engineering systems operate under stochastic dynamic environments. The variability and stochasticity of environmental conditions have a non‐negligible impact on the failure behavior of engineering systems. This article develops a reliability modeling and assessment framework for systems operating under a Markovian dynamic environment. The stochastic dynamic environment is characterized by a continuous‐time Markov chain. Using the cumulative exposure principle, the stochastic time scale, resulting from the cumulative effect of the Markovian dynamic environment, is computed via a Markov reward model. Based on the above settings, the system reliability model under the Markovian dynamic environment is developed. The maximum likelihood estimates and confidence intervals for the model parameters, including the transition rate matrix of the Markov chain, the reward rates of the Markov reward model, and the parameters of the baseline lifetime distribution, are obtained by utilizing the collected environment and lifetime data. The system reliability is then assessed with the estimated parameters. The effectiveness of the proposed framework are validated using simulation and through an application to a long‐term storage system. The results show that the unknown reliability model parameters can be accurately estimated, and the proposed model with the consideration of the cumulative effect of the Markovian dynamic environment can provide a more accurate reliability estimate than that without such a consideration.
The analysis of the solution of the Burgers–Huxley equation using the Galerkin method
Authors: Chin Pius W. M.
Published: January 2023

Many scientific methods have been proposed to solve the Burgers–Huxley equation. Among these famous methods, little or nothing has been mentioned in the literature about the coupling of the nonstandard finite difference method in the time and the Galerkin together with the compactness methods in the space variables. We exploit this gap and present a reliable technique aimed to use this coupling technique and show that the solution of the problem under investigation is uniqued in appropriate spaces to be defined. We proceed to show that the numerical solution obtained from the designed scheme is stabled and converges in the as well as the H1‐norms. Furthermore, we use examples together with some numerical experiments to justify the validity of our theoretical results.
Effect of Mo‐Containing Additives on Combustion of Al‐B Fuels
Authors: Meng Xiang‐Dong , Cai Shui‐Zhou
Published: January 2023

In this study, the Al‐B‐Mo alloy powders with a boron content of 7 wt % and Molybdenum content of 0.5–3 wt % were prepared by the close‐coupled gas atomization. The powder morphology, phase composition, oxidation, and exothermic behavior of combustion were characterized. The results show that the addition of Mo effectively improves the energetic properties of the alloy powder, with the mass‐burning enthalpy of Al‐7B‐1Mo reaching 31111 J/g, exceeding the theoretical mass‐burning enthalpy of monolithic Al (31000 J/g). Al‐7B‐1Mo underwent a violent exothermic process at around 1000 °C, and the oxidation weight gain ratio and oxidation efficiency reached 46.16 % and 48.05 % respectively, an increase of 19.75 % and 21.08 % compared to Al‐7B. The mesh structure formed by the AlB2 phase on the particle surface positively promoted the particles′ thermal oxidation. Mechanical mixtures of AlB2/Mo and AlB2/MoO3 were prepared and the catalytic promotion of the combustion of AlB2 by Mo and MoO3 was confirmed by thermal tests of combustion. The mechanism by which Mo/MoO3 promotes the combustion of AlB2 was investigated through the phase composition characterization of the composite powder after heat treatment in argon and air atmosphere. It was confirmed that MoO3 promotes the oxidation and combustion of AlB2 by supplying oxygen to B in AlB2, while Mo is first oxidized to MoO3, which then promotes the combustion of AlB2.
Effect of Edaravone (An Antioxidant) on the Performance of Organic Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Chen Shuming , Wang Jintao , Jiang Ning , Wang Zhenyu , Chen Ziqiang , He Chenyang , Fang Kai , Zhang Jian , Yuan Long , Li Ye , Li Chuannan , Chen Ping , Duan Yu
Published: January 2023

Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have broad application prospects in the field of renewable energy. The photovoltaic performance and long‐term stability of PSCs are important factors for the industrialization of PSCs. Passivation of perovskite films by antioxidants is an effective approach to not only reduce the density of defect states but also improve the environmental stability of the device. Herein, edaravone (EDA) is added to the perovskite precursor solution to passivate the defects and also scavenge ultraviolet(UV)‐induced free radicals during photoaging. The EDA‐optimized device achieves a champion power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 20.81%, and after 1000 h of exposure to the environment, the efficiency can maintain 72% of the original value.
Sarsasapogenin, a principal active component absorbed into blood of total saponins of Anemarrhena, attenuates proliferation and invasion in rheumatoid arthritis fibroblast‐like synoviocytes through downregulating PKM2 inhibited pathological glycolysis
Authors: Dai Yuan , Liu Panwang , Wen Wen , Li Ping , Yang Chen , Wang Ping , Xu Shijun
Published: January 2023

Increased glycolytic in fibroblast‐like synoviocytes (FLS) of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) not only contributes to early‐stage disease pathogenesis but leads to sustained proliferation of FLS. Given the importance of PKM2 in glycolysis and apoptosis, PKM2 is considered a potential therapeutic and drug discovery target in RA. Total saponins of anemarrhena (TSA), a class of steroid saponins, originated from Anemarrhena asphodeloides Bge. In this study, we verified that 200 mg/kg TSA could significantly alleviate inflammation and the pathological characteristics of RA and inhibit synovial hyperplasia in AA rats. We confirmed that sarsasapogenin (SA) was the principal active ingredient absorbed into the blood of TSA by the UPLC/Q Exactive MS test. Then we used TNF‐α‐induced MH7A to get the conclusion that 20 μM SA could effectively inhibit the glycolysis by inhibiting the activity of PKM2 tetramer and glucose uptake. Moreover, 20 μM SA could suppress proliferation, migration, invasion, and cytokine release of FLS, interfere with the growth cycle of FLS, and induce FLS apoptosis by depressing the phosphorylation of PKM2. At last, In‐1, a potent inhibitor of the PKM2 was used to reverse verify the above results. Taken together, the key mechanisms of SA on RA treatment through downregulating the activity of PKM2 tetramer and phosphorylation of PKM2 inhibited pathological glycolysis and induced apoptosis to exert inhibition on the proliferation and invasion of RA FLS.
Helical Structure Endows Liquid Crystal Planar Optics with a Customizable Working Band
Authors: Chen Quan‐Ming , Xu Chun‐Ting , Liang Xiao , Hu Wei
Published: January 2023

Wavefront control lies in the heart of optics. Multi‐degree orthogonal manipulation of light, especially the on‐demand tailoring of the working band and spatial phase front, is expected to fully exhibit the superiority of photons as information carriers. Here, the recent progress on the customizable working band of liquid crystal planar optics enabled by helical structures is reviewed. Broadband transmissive devices with mirror‐symmetric helical structures, broadband reflective Bragg‐Berry phase elements based on cholesteric liquid crystals, transflective phase modulations of a piecewise twisted structure, and external field shifted bands of planar optics are summarized. In addition to the customization of the geometric phase and working band, manipulation of other optical parameters is discussed. The tremendous self‐assemblies and diverse external field responsiveness make liquid crystals a perfect platform for full‐dimensional manipulation of light.
Microfluidics‐Based Force Spectroscopy Enables High‐Throughput Force Experiments with Sub‐Nanometer Resolution and Sub‐Piconewton Sensitivity
Authors: Kerkhoff Yannic , Azizi Latifeh , Mykuliak Vasyl V. , Hytönen Vesa P. , Block Stephan
Published: January 2023

Several techniques have been established to quantify the mechanicals of single molecules. However, most of them show only limited capabilities of parallelizing the measurement by performing many individual measurements simultaneously. Herein, a microfluidics‐based single‐molecule force spectroscopy method, which achieves sub‐nanometer spatial resolution and sub‐piconewton sensitivity and is capable of simultaneously quantifying hundreds of single‐molecule targets in parallel, is presented. It relies on a combination of total internal reflection microscopy and microfluidics, in which monodisperse fluorescent beads are immobilized on the bottom of a microfluidic channel by macromolecular linkers. Application of a flow generates a well‐defined shear force acting on the beads, whereas the nanomechanical linker response is quantified based on the force‐induced displacement of individual beads. To handle the high amount of data generated, a cluster analysis which is capable of a semi‐automatic identification of measurement artifacts and molecular populations is implemented. The method is validated by probing the mechanical response polyethylene glycol linkers and binding strength of biotin–NeutrAvidin complexes. Two energy barriers (at 3 and 5.7 Å, respectively) in the biotin–NeutrAvidin interaction are resolved and the unfolding behavior of talin's rod domain R3 in the force range between 1 to ≈10 pN is probed.
Self‐Catalytic Ternary Compounds for Efficient Synthesis of High‐Quality Boron Nitride Nanotubes
Authors: Wang Nanyang , Ding Liping , Li Taotao , Zhang Kai , Wu Liyun , Zhou Zhengyang , He Qian , He Xuhua , Wang Xuebin , Hu Yue , Ding Feng , Zhang Jin , Yao Yagang
Published: January 2023

The large‐scale synthesis of high‐quality boron nitride nanotubes (BNNTs) has attracted considerable interests due to their applications in nanocomposites, thermal management, and so on. Despite decades of development, efficient preparation of high‐quality BNNTs, which relies on the effective design of precursors and catalysts and deep insights into the catalytic mechanisms, is still urgently needed. Here, a self‐catalytic process is designed to grow high‐quality BNNTs using ternary W–B–Li compounds. W–B–Li compounds provide boron source and catalyst for BNNTs growth. High‐quality BNNTs are successfully obtained via this approach. Density functional theory‐based molecular dynamics (DFT‐MD) simulations demonstrate that the Li intercalation into the lattice of W2B5 promotes the formation of W–B–Li liquid and facilitates the compound evaporation for efficient BNNTs growth. This work demonstrates a high‐efficient self‐catalytic growth of high‐quality BNNTs via ternary W–B–Li compounds, providing a new understanding of high‐quality BNNTs growth.
Reversible Iron Oxyfluoride (FeOF)‐Graphene Composites as Sustainable Cathodes for High Energy Density Lithium Batteries
Authors: Liu Yadong , Yu Yikang , Yang Fan , Zhu Guangqi , Yu Kang , Kou Ronghui , Sun Chengjun , Liu Yuzi , Xu Jiayi , Liu Cong , Li Chenzhao , Liu Tianwei , Ren Yang , Lu Wenquan , Ferreira Rafael , Ferreira Paulo , Zhang Zhengcheng , Xie Jian
Published: January 2023

Two large barriers are impeding the wide implementation of electric vehicles, namely driving‐range and cost, primarily due to the low specific energy and high cost of mono‐valence cathodes used in lithium‐ion batteries. Iron is the ideal element for cathode materials considering its abundance, low cost and toxicity. However, the poor reversibility of (de)lithiation and low electronic conductivity prevent iron‐based high specific energy multi‐valence conversion cathodes from practical applications. In this work, a sustainable FeOF nanocomposite is developed with extraordinary performance. The specific capacity and energy reach 621 mAh g−1 and 1124 Wh kg−1 with more than 100 cycles, which triples the specific capacity, and doubles the specific energy of current mono‐valence intercalation LiCoO2. This is the result of an effective approach, combing the nanostructured FeOF with graphene, realized by making the (de)lithiation reversible by immobilizing FeOF nanoparticles and the discharge products over the graphene surface and providing the interparticle electric conduction. Importantly, it demonstrates that introducing small amount of graphene can create new materials with desired properties, opening a new avenue for altering the (de)lithiation process. Such extraordinary performance represents a significant breakthrough in developing sustainable conversion materials, eventually overcoming the driving range and cost barriers.
Improving consistency of AADL models: A composition approach
Authors: Hamdane Mohamed Elkamel , Harous Saad , Kerkouche Elhillali , Nabil Messaoudi
Published: January 2023

AADL—architecture analysis and design language—has proven to be important in developing real‐time embedded systems. However, its formalization capability is still limited, which makes it difficult to produce a consistent model; particularly, in the case where several models are combined together. Therefore, using formal verification is an effective way to meet the consistency requirements of the AADL model. This paper proposes a model‐based engineering approach that uses timed automata (TA) formalism to aggregate multiple AADL models into a single composite model. Based on the set of input AADL models, the proposed approach creates a consistent composed model as well as support model checking verification. The effectiveness of this contribution is evaluated through two case studies; a multicamera surveillance system and a drone system.
Enzymatic Reactions using Ionic Liquids for Green Sustainable Chemical Process; Stabilization and Activation of Lipases
Authors: Itoh Toshiyuki
Published: January 2023

The enzymatic reaction is highly respected from an environmentally‐friendly point‐of‐view. Optimization of the reaction media and supporting materials of enzymes must be investigated in parallel with the effort to develop new enzymes. Lipases are frequently used for organic syntheses as synthetic tools even industry because of their acceptance of having a broad range of substrates, stability, and availability. We have investigated the possibility of ILs as both a solvent and activating or stabilization agent of enzymes, in particular, lipase as a model enzyme. ILs allowed recyclable use of a lipase and significant acceleration of transesterification, and also enhanced the stability and reaction activity of a lipase by immobilization through a lyophilization process. We discuss how we enhanced the enzyme capability using the IL engineering focusing on lipase‐catalyzed reactions, i. e., realization of the recyclable use of an enzyme, how ILs mediated the enhanced reaction rate, and improved the stability of the enzyme.
Advanced nutrient removal and external sludge reduction: Demonstration in a pilot‐scale sequencing batch reactor
Authors: Yang Shenhua , Chang Haibin , Peng Yongzhen , Zhang Shujun , Han Xiaoyu , Sun Shihao , Liu Jinjin , Zhang Liang
Published: January 2023

Although the addition of excess sludge fermentation products to improve nutrient removal from sewage is cost‐effective, its application has rarely been demonstrated. In this study, the external sludge was first collected and fermented under a sludge retention time of 10 days, then introduced into SBR with a 1:15 sewage ratio. The results revealed a gradual increase in the nitrite accumulation ratio to 34.7% in the SBR at the end of the oxic stage after 64 days of adding fermented sludge products. In addition, the average effluent total nitrogen and phosphorous decreased to 7.3 and 0.5 mg/L, corresponding to removal efficiencies of 86.7% and 95.5%, respectively. On the other hand, the use of the fermented sludge products as external organic carbon sources in the SBR increased the external sludge reduction ratio to 42.5%. High‐throughput sequencing demonstrated that the increase in the endogenous denitrifier community, polyphosphate‐accumulating organisms, and fermentation bacteria were the main factors contributing to the increase in nutrient removal and excess sludge reduction. The economic evaluation indicated that the operational cost of the pilot‐scale system saves 0.011$/m3 of sewage treated.

Practitioner Points

Fermented sludge addition effectively enhanced nutrient removal in pilot‐scale SBR.

Average effluent TN and PO43−–P decreased to 7.3 and 0.5 mg/L, respectively.

Highest external sludge reduction rate was 42.5% in pilot‐scale reactor.

Sewage treatment cost can save 0.011$/m3 under advanced nutrient removal.
The role of STING signaling in central nervous system infection and neuroinflammatory disease
Authors: Fritsch Lauren E. , Kelly Colin , Pickrell Alicia M.
Published: January 2023

The cyclic guanosine monophosphate–adenosine monophosphate (GMP‐AMP) synthase‐Stimulator of Interferon Genes (cGAS‐STING) pathway is a critical innate immune mechanism for detecting the presence of double‐stranded DNA (dsDNA) and prompting a robust immune response. Canonical cGAS‐STING activation occurs when cGAS, a predominantly cytosolic pattern recognition receptor, binds microbial DNA to promote STING activation. Upon STING activation, transcription factors enter the nucleus to cause the production of Type I interferons, inflammatory cytokines whose primary function is to prime the host for viral infection by producing a number of antiviral interferon‐stimulated genes. While the pathway was originally described in viral infection, more recent studies have implicated cGAS‐STING signaling in a number of different contexts, including autoimmune disease, cancer, injury, and neuroinflammatory disease. This review focuses on how our understanding of the cGAS‐STING pathway has evolved over time with an emphasis on the role of STING‐mediated neuroinflammation and infection in the nervous system. We discuss recent findings on how STING signaling contributes to the pathology of pain, traumatic brain injury, and stroke, as well as how mitochondrial DNA may promote STING activation in common neurodegenerative diseases. We conclude by commenting on the current knowledge gaps that should be filled before STING can be an effective therapeutic target in neuroinflammatory disease.

This article is categorized under:

Neurological Diseases > Molecular and Cellular Physiology

Infectious Diseases > Molecular and Cellular Physiology

Immune System Diseases > Molecular and Cellular Physiology
QCD resummation for groomed jet observables at NNLL+NLO
Authors: Dasgupta Mrinal , El-Menoufi Basem Kamal , Helliwell Jack
Published: January 2023

Abstract

We use a direct QCD approach to carry out the next-to-next-to-leading logarithmic (NNLL) resummation for observables groomed with the modified mass-drop tagger (Soft Drop β = 0). We focus on observables which are additive given an arbitrary number of soft-collinear emissions. For this class of observables, we arrange the structure of the NNLL terms into two distinct categories. The first defines a simplified inclusive tagger, whereby the NNLL collinear structure is directly related to ungroomed observables. The second defines a clustering correction which takes a particularly simple form when the Cambridge-Aachen (C/A) algorithm is used to cluster the jets. We provide, in addition to the QCD resummation of groomed jet mass, the first NNLL resummed predictions, matched to NLO, for a range of groomed jet angularities with mMDT grooming. Moreover, we also include for the first time in the same calculation, finite zcut effects computed at NLL level alongside the small zcut NNLL results which simultaneously improves upon both of the calculations used for groomed jet mass phenomenological studies to date. While for simplicity we focus on e+e− collisions, the essential NNLL resummation we develop is process independent and hence with the appropriate NLO matching our results are also applicable for hadron collider phenomenology.
A Selberg zeta function for warped AdS3 black holes
Authors: Martin Victoria L. , Poddar Rahul , Þórarinsdóttir Agla
Published: January 2023

Abstract

The Selberg zeta function and trace formula are powerful tools used to calculate kinetic operator spectra and quasinormal modes on hyperbolic quotient spacetimes. In this article, we extend this formalism to non-hyperbolic quotients by constructing a Selberg zeta function for warped AdS3 black holes. We also consider the so-called self-dual solutions, which are of interest in connection to near-horizon extremal Kerr. We establish a map between the zeta function zeroes and the quasinormal modes on warped AdS3 black hole backgrounds. In the process, we use a method involving conformal coordinates and the symmetry structure of the scalar Laplacian to construct a warped version of the hyperbolic half-space metric, which to our knowledge is new and may have interesting applications of its own, which we describe. We end by discussing several future directions for this work, such as computing 1-loop determinants (which govern quantum corrections) on the quotient spacetimes we consider, as well as adapting the formalism presented here to more generic orbifolds.
TCR repertoire landscape reveals macrophage-mediated clone deletion in endotoxin tolerance
Authors: Zhao Juanjuan , Jia Li , Tao YiJing , Zhao Xu , Yang Jing , Lu Yanxin , Yan Yaping , Mao Ling , Hu Lin , Lu Jia , Guo MengMeng , Chen Chao , Zhou Ya , Wen Zhenke , He Zhixu , Xu Lin
Published: January 2023

Background

Endotoxin tolerance (ET) is a protective mechanism in the process of sepsis, septic shock, and their sequelae including uncontrolled inflammation. Accumulating evidence has shown that peripheral T cells contribute to the induction of ET. However, what and how T-cell development contributes to ET inductions remain unclear.

Methods

Mice were intraperitoneally injected with LPS at a concentration of 5 mg/kg to establish an LPS tolerance model and were divided into two groups: a group examined 72 h after LPS injection (72-h group) and a group examined 8 days after LPS injection (8-day group). Injection of PBS was used as a control. We performed high-throughput sequencing to analyze the characteristics and changes of CD4+SP TCRβ CDR3 repertoires with respect to V direct to J rearrangement during the ET induction. Moreover, the proportion and proliferation, as well as surface molecules such as CD80 and CD86, of F4/80+ macrophages were analyzed using FCM. Furthermore, ACT assay was designed and administered by the tail vein into murine LPS-induced mouse model to evaluate the role of F4/80+ macrophages on the development of CD4+SP thymocytes in ET condition.

Results

We found that the frequency and characteristics of the TCRβ chain CDR3 changed obviously under condition of ET, indicating the occurrence of TCR rearrangement and thymocyte diversification. Moreover, the absolute numbers of F4/80+ macrophages, but not other APCs, were increased in thymic medulla at 72-h group, accompanied by the elevated function-related molecules of F4/80+ macrophages. Furthermore, adoptively transferred OVA332-339 peptide-loaded macrophages into Rag-1−/− mice induced the clone deletion of OVA-specific CD4+SP, thereby ameliorating the pathology in lung tissue in LPS challenge.

Conclusions

These data reveal that the frequency and characteristics of the TCRβ chain CDR3 undergo dynamic programming under conditions of LPS tolerance. Furthermore, the peripheral macrophages may be a key factor which carry peripheral antigen to thymic medulla and affect the negative selection of T-cell population, thereby contributing to the formation of ET. These results suggest that the clone selection in thymus in ET may confer protection against microbial sepsis.
Tyrosine kinase SRC-induced YAP1-KLF5 module regulates cancer stemness and metastasis in triple-negative breast cancer
Authors: Zou Hailin , Luo Juan , Guo Yibo , Tong Tongyu , Liu Yuchen , Chen Yun , Xiao Yunjun , Ye Liping , Zhu Chengming , Deng Liang , Wang Bo , Pan Yihang , Li Peng
Published: January 2023

SRC is the first identified oncogene, and its aberrant activation has been implicated as a driving event in tumor initiation and progression. However, its role in cancer stemness regulation and the underlying regulatory mechanism are still elusive. Here, we identified a YAP1 tyrosine phosphorylation-dependent YAP1-KLF5 oncogenic module, as the key downstream mediator of SRC kinase regulating cancer stemness and metastasis in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). SRC was overexpressed in TNBC patient tissues and its expression level was highly correlated with the tumor malignancy. SRC activation induced, while inhibition of SRC kinase reduced the cancer stemness, tumor cell growth and metastasis in vitro and in vivo. Transcriptomic and proteomic analysis revealed that SRC-mediated YAP1 tyrosine phosphorylation induced its interaction with Kruppel-like factor 5 (KLF5) to form a YAP1/TEAD-KLF5 complex in TNBC cells. YAP1-KLF5 association further promoted TEAD-mediated transcriptional program independently of canonical Hippo kinases, which eventually gave rise to the enhanced cancer stemness and metastasis. Disruption of YAP1-KLF5 module in TNBC cells dramatically attenuated the SRC-induced cancer stemness and metastasis in vitro and in vivo. Accordingly, co-upregulations of SRC and YAP1-KLF5 module in TNBC tissues were significantly positively correlated with the tumor malignance. Altogether, our work presents a novel tyrosine phosphorylation-dependent YAP1-KLF5 oncogenic module governing SRC-induced cancer stemness and metastasis in TNBC. Therefore, targeting YAP1/KLF5-mediated transcription may provide a promising strategy for TNBC treatment with SRC aberrantly activation.
A nationwide analysis on the interaction between frailty and beta-blocker therapy in hip fracture patients
Authors: Forssten Maximilian Peter , Mohammad Ismail Ahmad , Ioannidis Ioannis , Wretenberg Per , Borg Tomas , Cao Yang , Ribeiro Marcelo A. F. , Mohseni Shahin
Published: January 2023

Introduction

Hip fracture patients, who are often frail, continue to be a challenge for healthcare systems with a high postoperative mortality rate. While beta-blocker therapy (BBt) has shown a strong association with reduced postoperative mortality, its effect in frail patients has yet to be determined. This study’s aim is to investigate how frailty, measured using the Orthopedic Hip Frailty Score (OFS), modifies the effect of preadmission beta-blocker therapy on mortality in hip fracture patients.

Methods

This retrospective register-based study included all adult patients in Sweden who suffered a traumatic hip fracture and subsequently underwent surgery between 2008 and 2017. Treatment effect was evaluated using the absolute risk reduction (ARR) in 30-day postoperative mortality when comparing patients with (BBt+) and without (BBt-) ongoing BBt. Inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) was used to reduce potential confounding when examining the treatment effect. Patients were stratified based on their OFS (0, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5) and the treatment effect was also assessed within each stratum.

Results

A total of 127,305 patients were included, of whom 39% had BBt. When IPTW was performed, there were no residual differences in observed baseline characteristics between the BBt+ and BBt- groups, across all strata. This analysis found that there was a stepwise increase in the ARRs for each additional point on the OFS. Non-frail BBt+ patients (OFS 0) exhibited an ARR of 2.2% [95% confidence interval (CI) 2.0–2.4%, p < 0.001], while the most frail BBt+ patients (OFS 5) had an ARR of 24% [95% CI 18–30%, p < 0.001], compared to BBt- patients within the same stratum.

Conclusion

Beta-blocker therapy is associated with a reduced risk of 30-day postoperative mortality in frail hip fracture patients, with a greater effect being observed with higher Orthopedic Hip Frailty Scores.
Particle tracking velocimetry as a method for chip ejection studies during groove milling of particleboard
Authors: Hausmann Julius , Hafemann Thomas E. , Rüdiger Frank , Herzberg Marcus , Gottlöber Christian
Published: January 2023

Studies on chip ejection from tools provide important information for the design of tools and effective chip collection elements used in woodworking machines. Among the chip properties, chip motion and its distribution are of particular interest for the design process. Until now, chip velocities have only been measured by manual tracking over a high-speed image sequence, which allows only a small scope of inspection. Here, we present the use of high-speed imaging in combination with particle tracking velocimetry as a new method for the semi-automatic evaluation of the magnitudes and directions of chip velocities. The methodology was tested in groove milling of particleboard. It was found that state-of-the-art particle tracking algorithms are suitable for quantitative analysis of chip motion in high-speed images. Therefore, spatial and temporal analysis of the chip velocity along the tool circumference are feasible and are presented here. In addition to chip velocity, chip collisions with the tool or other chips can be observed. This research also shows that image evaluation of chip sizes and shapes is potentially possible. In summary, the presented work provides methods that can quantitatively describe chip motion after chip formation. The experiments indicate that with each tooth engagement, new chips are formed, which initially move into the chip space at a median velocity higher than the cutting speed. After collisions with the tool and interparticle collisions, the particles leave the chip space of the tool at lower speeds. The machining tests performed with different process settings showed differences in the analysis results of chip movement. In the future, the presented methodology offers the possibility of investigating the relationships between tooth and chip space geometries, as well as different materials and the chip ejection of tools. Thus, the presented methodology provides a basis for creating a more general understanding of chip motion from machining operations, which can lead to innovations and improvements in chip collection.
A house is not a home: a network model perspective on the dynamics between subjective quality of living conditions, social support, and mental health of refugees and asylum seekers
Authors: Schilz Laura , Kemna Solveig , Karnouk Carine , Böge Kerem , Lindheimer Nico , Walther Lena , Mohamad Sara , Suboh Amani , Hasan Alkomiet , Höhne Edgar , Banaschewski Tobias , Plener Paul , Strupf Michael , Hahn Erik , Bajbouj Malek
Published: January 2023

Background:

Providing adequate living conditions for forcibly displaced people represents a significant challenge for host countries such as Germany. This study explores refugee mental health’s reciprocal, dynamic relationship with post-migration living conditions and social support.

Methods:

The study sample included 325 Arabic- or Farsi-speaking asylum seekers and refugees residing in Germany since 2014 and seeking mental health treatment. Associations between reported symptoms of post-traumatic stress and depression and the subjective quality of living conditions and perceived social support were analyzed using a two-level approach including multiple linear regression and network analyses.

Results:

Post-migration quality of living conditions and perceived social support were significantly associated with negative mental health outcomes on both levels. In the network, both post-migration factors were negatively connected with overlapping symptoms of psychiatric disorders, representing potential target symptoms for psychological treatment.

Conclusion:

Post-migration quality of living conditions and social support are important factors for refugee mental health and should be targeted by various actors fostering mental well-being and integration.