bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Determination of durability of samples modeling the MS-21 fuselage longitudinal and cross joints
Authors: Harina V. K.
Published: July 2020

Aircraft airworthiness maintenance is carried out by a number of measures guaranteeing safe operation. TsAGI, SibNIIA, GosNIIGA and other organizations with a highly-efficient laboratory base conduct tests and studies of structures and structural elements to determine or extend the operational life in stages. The tests require the capability to recreate complex loading spectra and they can be lengthy and expensive. One of the main problems encountered during testing is its forcing. Forcing reduces the test time while maintaining the equivalence of the fatigue damage and structural failure accumulation mechanisms under real and model loading. For every stage, the operational life limit and durability, guaranteeing flight safety, are determined on the basis of laboratory tests, operation tests and prediction of expected operating conditions. At every stage, information about the emerging defects is accumulated, additional tests are carried out and technical measures, determining the aircraft structure or structural elements operational life and durability, are developed, and design, manufacture, maintenance and repair deficiencies are identified. One of the key issues is the fracture mechanics, which the assessment of the aircraft structures survivability is based on. The fatigue failure mechanism depends on many factors: operational load or its model; stress condition that occurs during testing; the material, which the structural elements are made of. Fatigue failure begins with the microcracks in the structural element weakened area. Under the loads action, often being a random process, the cracks propagation is quite intense and it leads to the destruction of the structure. To determine the durability of the samples, modeling the MS-21 fuselage longitudinal and cross joints, theoretical calculations and experimental studies were carried out, and it allowed to judge about the compliance of the results obtained by the loaded hole.
The use of higher aquatic vegetation for airports wastewater final purification
Authors: Nikolaykina N. E. , Nikolaykin N. I.
Published: July 2020

It has been shown that with air transportation rise it is necessary to increase the efficiency of storm and wastewater purification from the territory of the airports and other air enterprises. It is suggested to use higher aquatic vegetation to protect the environment from airborne pollutants into natural water reservoirs. For further step of final cleanup it is proposed to use aquatic hyacinth – Eichornia. The rationalization for the plant selection is provided, its essential characteristics and the way for extracting pollutants out of the aquatic environment during the metabolism process are described. The technique of experiments on determining the effectiveness of biological wastewater purification within the conditions of the central part of the country is discussed in terms of Moscow region. The measurement results of suspended materials and petrochemicals concentrations in water before and after purification in sediment ponds are presented. The effectiveness of biological purification is shown. The possibility of using water hyacinth for purification of some superficial water reservoirs is also outlined. It is recommended all the year round to use protecting constructions (covers) in open purification plants, then under protected conditions metabolism processes can proceed in the rhizome, stems and foliage of the vegetation even in the autumn-winter period. It is proposed to recycle the used biomass for commercial purposes as a livestock fodder additive under the certain conditions that have been defined. The algorithm of preserving seedlings in the cold season and their subsequent planting in water reservoirs in spring is discussed. It is economically feasible to use biological final purification by aquatic hyacinth but observing the unusual environmental safety measures that have been formulated is required. Practicability of further prospective work on producing specialized ecosystems involving higher aquatic vegetation for nature-like integrated purification of certain types of wastewater was underlined.
Problems of aviation leaded gasoline application on aircraft
Authors: Gryadunov K. I. , Timoshenko A. N. , Starkov E. U.
Published: July 2020

A steady trend of expanding the small aircraft fleet equipped with piston engines is observed today. Special fuel (aviation gasoline with specified operational properties) for aircraft piston engines (PE) ensuring their stable operation in all modes and under all operating conditions is used. The indicators of aviation fuels operational properties including gasoline are achieved by means of adding special additives. One of these additives is an anti-knock additive – tetraethyl lead (TEL) that is added into the fuel in a certain amount in an ethyl liquid form. Despite the excellent TEL properties as an anti-knock additive, it also has a number of significant disadvantages. From the point of view of aircraft engine operation, it is noted that the TEL combustion products (decomposition) that are not effectively removed from the combustion chamber, enter the oil system in a significant amount, causing fine oil filters clogging. The article notes that even a small content of TEL decomposition products in aviation oils deteriorates dramatically their pumping capacity and leads to complete fine oil filters clogging for few minutes of engine operation, even on fresh oil. Moreover, the multi-stage oil cleaning stipulated by the design of some PE does not have a significant impact on this negative factor posing a threat to flight safety. These days the lead-containing gasoline use for aviation PE has no alternative, so solutions to reduce the negative consequences while applying are required.
金融科技对商业银行盈利能力的影响分析
Authors: 龚 雨童 , 苏 甘雅
Published: July 2020

随着金融科技的快速发展，中国上市商业银行纷纷开始投身金融科技创新领域，并将其作为转型重点。论文运用面板数据建立模型，以金融科技发展程度为解释变量，总资产收益率为被解释变量，辅以控制变量，实证分析金融科技对中国上市商业银行的盈利能力影响。
新形势下的结构性减税与税制改革
Authors: 洪 钒嘉
Published: July 2020

为缓解当前复杂的经济形势，中国正大力推行税制改革，积极开展结构性减税措施。结构性减税措施经济效果显著，可帮助企业减少不必要的成本，对促进内需、维护经济社会秩序以及维持居民收入有重要作用。随着社会形势不断变化，税制改革应考虑结构性减税等内容，不断完善税收制度，保障改革朝着科学合理的方向稳定发展。为构建良好发展的经济市场，维持社会稳定，需进一步明确新形势下结构性减税和税制改革的内涵，思考如何完善结构性减税背景下的税制改革手段。
企业内部举报人制度价值探析
Authors: 覃 秋令
Published: July 2020

企业内部举报人保护制度是维护社会公共利益，参与社会共治，保障市场经济发展的重要力量，中国对企业内部举报人无专门立法，散见于立法中的相关规定由于原则性，在司法实践中缺乏可操作性，其制度价值备受争议。
法务会计在财务舞弊治理中的应用
Authors: 杨 彩凤
Published: July 2020

财务舞弊案不断发生在现实生活中，国家经济水平的进步导致了企业资本损失和投资人的失利状况频发，法律中很多案件最后被息讼也是因为财务舞弊法律的结果。论文主要分析了法律会计的含义，随后对新时代中国的党建工作提出新挑战进行分析，为法务会计在财务舞弊治理中的应用提供相关建议。
提高核心竞争力价值管理的探讨——以大型煤机制造集团为例
Authors: 褚 红艳
Published: July 2020

近年来，面对当前复杂的国际发展环境和严峻的行业发展形势，作为煤机装备企业尤其是国有企业，如果不解放思想、不与时俱进、不实施改革以及不与市场接轨，无异于自带枷锁、自断活路。国有大中型煤机装备企业为了提高应对复杂经济环境和严峻行业形势的能力和水平，需要促进企业度危求进、脱困增收，不断研究并探索企业内部管理制度，对管理工作进行创新、改革，尝试建立符合国有企业的管理和控制模式。论文以大型煤机制造集团为例，对如何提高核心竞争力价值管理做了一些分析，为同仁提供借鉴。
大数据审计组织方式的探索与创新
Authors: 孙 楠 , 曹 铭
Published: July 2020

在大数据时代背景之下，审计方式和方法都得到了有效的更新，因此应该进一步创新大数据审计组织方式。论文主要围绕大数据审计组织方式展开分析和论述，首先介绍大数据时代背景之下审计的相关思路和方法；其次提出大数据对审计工作的影响；最后提出加强大数据时代背景下做好审计工作应该注意的事项，以期为相关学者带来一定参考。
新会计准则对企业财务管理实务影响
Authors: 张 亚
Published: July 2020

新会计准则的出现在一定程度上是社会发展的必然产物，它的出现对企业的会计活动带来了一定的影响。新会计准则和传统的会计准则相比，新会计准则能更好地适应经济发展的形式变化，帮助企业的经营水平和财务管理水平进一步提升，促进企业能健康、稳定地发展下去。
化工园区绿色发展的财税金融政策研究
Authors: 孙 善政
Published: July 2020

发展化工产业的地方政府普遍以建立低碳产业集群为发展方向，对基础设施进行集中配置并提供政策支持。财税金融政策是最有效的工具，对绿色发展产生了重要作用。
财政税收对市场经济发展的重要影响探析
Authors: 李 园
Published: July 2020

目前，中国经济建筑处于一种快速发展的阶段，经济体制在不断的完善，相关的税收工作也有了更加完善的发展方向，并且影响到了每一个人生活的各个方面。随着税收体制的不断完善，更加被广大人民和企业所接受。中国的财政税收制度已经从财政收入职能向收入与经济增长协同共进的方向进行转变，而这种功能性的转变，是为了适应目前市场发展而做出的相关调整，对中国的经济发展产生重要的作用。因此，论文围绕财政税收与市场发展之间的关系做出了相关的论述。
基于企业文化的跨国公司核心竞争力研究
Authors: 何 佳欢
Published: July 2020

随着中国早期的经济特区的设立，便利的投资条件吸引了许多外资来中国建立公司，跨国公司的热潮由此而掀起。中国沿海地区的跨国公司发展较好，但是跨国公司的经营存在着一些问题。由于不同国家之间的文化差异在企业的经营管理中会有所体现，这些差异造成了较大的经营难题。企业需要包容这些差异，解决企业发展中存在的问题，以帮助企业找到发展的平衡点。当然，国际上的跨国公司的竞争越来越激烈，跨国公司需要有一个支撑点，而企业文化可以成为这个支撑点，彰显跨国公司的核心竞争力。
企业用工老龄化问题的探讨
Authors: 孙 晓维
Published: July 2020

在现代化的企业发展过程中，虽然企业用工数量不再是决定企业发展水平高低的因素，但企业用工仍然是支撑企业运转以及长远发展的主要基础，也是企业本身能迸发出充沛活力的主要动力。因此，在现如今的企业发展过程中，企业用工管理工作仍然受到非常高的重视，在企业用工管理工作当中对人员结构进行优化配置能显著提升劳动生产效率以及企业自身经济效益。论文对企业当中用工老龄化的问题进行深入分析，以提升企业用工管理工作的效率。
关于互联网时代的企业管理创新问题
Authors: 曲 伟
Published: July 2020

现如今，随着现代科技不断改变人们的生活与工作状态，互联网技术快速发展，对企业的日常运营与管理工作起到了巨大的作用，这些都是因为我们已经进入了新的网络时代。在此背景下，论文着重分析了互联网时代背景下加强企业管理创新的重要性以及企业管理创新途径，并从几个方面提出优化建议。
财务会计内控对推进煤炭企业效率的作用分析
Authors: 姚 娇艳
Published: July 2020

现阶段，中国的社会主义市场经济一直在持续发展，人们的日常生活也出现了非常大的变化。就煤炭需求来讲，由于受到其他燃料的供应影响，中国的煤炭需求逐渐的减少，这就使得煤炭价格一直在持续性的下跌，导致煤炭企业的经济效益也在急速下降。如何更好地提高煤炭企业财务会计的具体内部控制效果并提升相应的企业效率，是当前煤炭企业当中最需要进行考虑的问题。
对机场出租车服务资源建模与研究
Authors: 李 晨 , 张 清扬 , 黄 今慧
Published: July 2020

对交通枢纽的公交交通系统进行研究，有利于提高交通枢纽输送旅客的能力，降低管理难度和成本，提高公共交通系统的效率。论文应用数学建模方法，分析机场出租车交通目前存在的问题并采取一些改善措施，依据实际情况建立出租车司机决策模型。
大数据背景下审计人才培养探索
Authors: 毕 万里
Published: July 2020

从当前的时代发展背景来讲，审计工作是随着时代发展而不断变革。因此，审计工作的重视程度在提高的同时，本身的工作要求也变得越来越高。在当前的审计工作当中，要求审计人员需要提高自身的应用技能水平，同时能牢固掌握基础知识，熟练地把大数据技术应用在审计实务工作当中。基于这一需求，企业要针对当前审计人才培养工作，需要基于大数据背景来进行教学改革，这样才能为社会以及企业提供更多的优秀审计人才。
Comparative study of the bioactive and chemical properties of three different Solanum spp. from Ghana
Authors: Kortei N.K. , Suetor J.M. , Aboagye G. , Tettey C.O. , Kpodo F.M. , Essuman E.K.
Published: July 2020

The family Solanaceae represent one of the most economically, nutritionally and
medicinally important families of angiosperms. The genus Solanum is a hyper-diverse
taxon of this family. There are about 2300 species of Solanum in the world that are mainly
distributed in the tropical and sub-tropical areas, with a small number in the temperate
areas. Solanum torvum has been extensively explored for its chemical constituents. To
determine and compare the phytoconstituents of the fruits/berries of three different species
of Solanum (torvum, erianthum, and macrocarpon) at different maturity stages. Fruits of
Solanum (torvum, erianthum, and macrocarpon) were harvested at different maturity
stages from local farms and around households in the Volta region and kept in sterile
sample bags. Phytochemical and mineral analysis of the fruits was carried out according to
the method of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC), to determine the
mineral composition of the fruits. Total phenolic content was determined by the Folin
Ciocalteau method, Flavonoids content was determined by the Aluminum Chloride
method. Antioxidant activity was determined by three assays; DPPH, FRAP, and ABTS.
The elemental mineral analysis was done using the flame photometer according to
methods by AOAC. The present study revealed that the levels of antioxidants, total
phenolics, and flavonoids contents were significantly affected by both the physiological
maturity stage and extraction solvents. Total phenolic content ranged between 16.97±0.03
- 40.62±0.00 µL GAE/10 µL. Flavonoids contents ranged from 52.33±0.36 - 434.00±0.31
µL CE/10 µL. Antioxidants activity values ranged between 37.79±036 - 878.34±4.36,
16.66±7.40 - 47.49±15.27 and 0.075±0.00-0.257±0.00 for DPPH, ABTS and FRAP
assays respectively. Elemental mineral values recorded ranged between 4.87±0.03 -
11.55±0.05 mg/kg for Fe, 23.23±0.04 - 32.46±0.04 mg/kg for Mg and 34.317±0.03 -
15.3309±0.001 mg/kg for Na. This study revealed that the levels of antioxidants, total
phenolics and flavonoids are significantly affected by both the physiological maturity
stage and extraction solvents. It was clear that all methanolic extract showed significant
variations with high values in antioxidants which included the DPPH scavenging activity,
the ABTS• + scavenging activity, the Ferric reduction power assay, the total phenolics, and
the flavonoid content.
“AYURVEDIC MANAGEMENT OF CUMULATIVE TOXICITY (DUSHI VISHA)”: A REVIEW
Authors: Jangid Sushil , Jadhav Dnyaneshwar.K.
Published: July 2020

Dushi Visha is cumulative poisons which retains and accumulate within the tissues of human beings due to exposure seems prolonged period persistently. It may be originated from inanimate, animate or artificial source of poisons. The clinical manifestation, Complication & Management of Dushi Visha has been found in various Samhitas, but matter is scattered. This study has been taken a serious effort to present a management of cumulative Toxicity with special reference to Dushi Visha with scientific justification.
NUMERICAL ANALYSIS OF STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS BETWEEN 3D CAD SOLIDWORKS AND CODE_ASTER
Authors: Lacerda Benício de Morais , Pereira Alex Gomes
Published: July 2020

This study aimed to investigate numerically the validation of the use of the free license program Code_ Aster, with numerical results of the SolidWorks program. For this, four metal elements were modeled, all of them subjected to the tensile stress, they are: a cylindrical bar, two plates with a hole and a metal console. The objective is to validate the use of a free program for analysis of structural elements in engineering office projects and institutional research to verify if the results obtained from the free program show significant differences in the numerical application of a commercial program. All programs have in their design of analysis the use of the finite element method (FEM). The finite element method (FEM) consists to divide a continuous object into a finite number of parts. This allows a complex problem to be transformed into a set of simple problems (finite element) in addition to solving a set of finite elements by approximations with good precision of the results and to model the problem in a real physical way. It was observed that the numerical results between the SolidWorks program and the free program Code_ Aster were close with differences of less than 5%, which indicates the reliability of the use of Code_ Aster for numerical analyzes of structural elements of engineering projects and also in institutional research.
PREVALENCE OF MALNUTRITION AMONG CHILDREN UNDER 5 YEARS IN KASSAB AND FATABRNO CAMPS AT KUTUM LOCALITY, NORTH DARFUR STATE, SUDAN
Authors: Adam Belal Abdallah Ahmed , Fadalalla Hamed
Published: July 2020

Malnutrition it’s one of main problem that lead to death among children under 5 years. There is a high nutritional requirement for children under 5 years of age because they are undergoing a period of rapid growth. This descriptive cross-sectional study saw conducted in Kutum locality – North Darfur State aimed to assess the nutritional status of children under 5 years at Kassab and Fatabarno IDPs camps, in addition to assess the others factors influence child feeding practices. To achieve these aims, a survey was carried out on 101 children, age zero to 59 months in study area. Data were collected by anthropodermic measurement as well as direct interview with mothers to collect certain socio-demographic factors which were associated with the nutritional status of study population. Age was determined from mothers and weight and height were measured using standard techniques. After analyzed of obtained data by SPSS version 20 the main results are: prevalence of malnutrition in Kassab and Fatbarno IDPs camps is 15.8%, of which 6.6% is moderate acute malnutrition (MAM) and 8.9% is severe acute malnutrition (SAM), 76% of the mothers with normal children were started complementary feeding after 6 months while 69% of mothers with malnourished children were started complementary feeding before 6 months, Most of the children identified with malnourished either SAM or MAM were in the age group between 12 – 24 months representing by 63%. Then the study recommended that: raising awareness of mothers about importance of breast feeding for infant to improve nutritional status of their children, encourage complementary feeding and begin it in right age according to WHO recommendations.
IN THE BEGINNING WAS THE ‘DIMENSIONS’. THEN, EVENING PASSED AND MORNING CAME - THE ‘SOCK’ IN DOCTORAL RESEARCH
Authors: Mammen Asha Sara
Published: July 2020

An evaluation and understanding of that genre of academic degree attributed as the highest academic recognition bestowed by a university - the PhD or the doctoral research programme, is the aim of this essay article. The attributes or nature of the doctoral programme are referred to by the writer as ‘dimensions’. The researcher utilized various reliable sources both offline and online and gathered information from seminars and talks of intellectuals from the academia in synthesizing information to create a piece of writing that comes from the prespective of an early research scholar. Research projects are done by way of a dissertation at all levels of higher education. The question asked is - can we carry the same mindset, structure and rigour of the research undertaken at the undergraduate level of education, or more precisely, the master’s research to the PhD research programme? And of course, can there be that confidence that one can bring or feel or have as a result, to the PhD programme? Furthermore, a question that is asked in the doctoral education programme is - whether a scholar creates or invents knowledge? Or is it the use of the philosophical frameworks of the science of knowledge, in attempting to bring out what is already there, to be justified and tested, thus classifying and giving it an orderly and labelled existence, which then becomes the new form of knowledge? Doctoral research projects undertaken are of various orientations, yet there is that element, a movement to the ‘SOCK’ which makes a PhD worthy. This research paper reviews and shares insights from the perspective of an early research scholar on the various premises and claims to make rationale the arguments/research questions stated.
THE USE OF GOOGLE ON COMPLETING ENGLISH ASSIGNMENT BY THE STUDENTS’ OF ENGLISH EDUCATION DEPARTMENT AT UNIVERSITAS NEGERI MEDAN
Authors: Digeyasa I Wy. , Naibaho Lamhot
Published: July 2020

This research is about the use of Google on completing the assignment by the students'. The purpose of doing this research is to find out whether the students use Google on completing their English assignment. It was done at Universitas Negeri Medan exactly in English Education Department. The respondent of this research was the students of 2019 Batch which were taken through purposive randomly sampling. The instrument of this study is a questionnaire which consists of fifteen questions. The result of this study is that that the most of the students (88%) agree to say that they use Google on completing the English assignment and parts of the students (7%) strongly agreed to say that they use Google on completing the English assignment, few of the students (4%) agree to say that they use Google on completing the English assignment for sometimes, and the last is that one of the students were completely disagreed to say that he uses Google on completing the English assignment. Then it is concluded that the students’ perception of Google lies on its practicality, interesting, impact, facilities and impact.
EVIDENCE OF TELEPORTED BIOELECTROMAGNETIC ENERGY TRANSFER IN A HUMAN MINIORGAN CAUSING DELAY IN CRYSTALLIZATION
Authors: Embi Abraham A.
Published: July 2020

The purpose of this manuscript is to introduce an optical microscopy methodology documenting an organ inter-tissue parts bioelectromagnetic energy transfer, namely the human hair follicle transferring energy to a short-isolated cut hair shaft segment vertically placed within ≅ 1 mm distance in front of the hair follicle.

The human hair has two main parts, follicle and shaft and classified as a miniorgan having its own cell divisions and metabolism. Both the follicle and shaft has been independently documented to emit and receive electromagnetic energy. This work shows a previously unrecognized property of the hair shaft, which is acting as an aerial receiver and conduit of Bioelectromagnetic Fields (BEMFs) emitted by the follicle. The received BEMF energy is transient and transferred via teleportation to be immediately discharged by the cut isolated shaft segment. The discharged crystallization imprint mimics the hair follicle proper BEMFs delaying advance of crystallization.
EFFICIENT OPERATIONS IN LARGE FINITE FIELDS FOR ELLIPTIC CURVE CRYPTOGRAPHIC
Authors: Chen Yan-Haw , Huang Chien-Hsing
Published: July 2020

An efficient method to compute the finite field multiplication for Elliptic Curve point multiplication at high speed encryption of the message is presented. The methods of the operations are based on dynamic lookup table and modified Horner rule method. The modified Horner rule method is not only to finite field operations but also to Elliptic curve scalar multiplication in the encryption and decryption. By comparison with using Russian Peasant method and in the new proposed method, one of the advantages of utilizing the proposed algorithm is that in the Elliptic Curve point addition are reduced by a factor of three in GF (2163). Therefore, using the Algorithm 1 running on Intel CPU, computation cost of the multiplication method is above 70% faster than using standard multiplication by Russian Peasant method. Ultimately, the proposed Algorithm 1 for evaluating multiplication can be made regular, simple and suitable for software implementations.
Supracondylar fracture humerus (Gartland Type III) managed with closed reduction and percutaneous pinning (CRPP) in children.
Authors: Ahmed Masroor , Sahito Badaruddin , Hamid Rukhsana , - Nida , Kumar Mukesh , Hussain Ghulam
Published: July 2020

Objectives: The objective of this study is to assess the functional outcome of close reduction and percutaneous K- wire fixation in supracondylar humeral fracture (SCHF) Gartland type III fractures in children. Study Design: Experimental study. Period: January 2017 to December 2017. Setting: Department of Orthopedics Civil Hospital Karachi. Material & methods: 60 children sustaining a Gartland type III supracondylar humerus fractures less than 1 week old that was treated by closed reduction and percutaneous pinning. Clinical results were evaluated using the Flynn’s criteria. Results: All the 60 children with Gartland type III supracondylar humerus fracture included in this study. 42 (70%) boys and 18 (30%) girls with age ranging between 2 to 10 years .Right side was involved in 37(62%) and left side was involved in 23 (38%) patients. All patients are of extension type fracture. According to Flynn’s criteria cosmetic results were excellent in 54 (90%) and good in 6 (10%) patients and functional results were excellent in 54 (90%), good in 4(7%), fair in 2 (2%) and poor in 1(1%) patient. One patient ulnar nerve injury, after 3 months nerve explored that was contused, symptoms resolved afterwards. Conclusion: Close reduction and percutaneous fixation with K-wire in Gartland III fracture in children is safe and effective treatment method with minimal hospital stay and less complications.
Frequency of acute renal failure in blackstone poisoning
Authors: Kanhar Ahmed Ali , Memon Waseem Raja , Aamer Nasrullah , Sial Bahkat Ali , Sahito Abdul Aziz , Pervez Safdar Ali
Published: July 2020

Objective: To determine the frequency of acute renal failure in patients presented with Blackstone poisoning in a tertiary care Hospital. Study Design: Cross sectional study. Setting: Medical wards and ICU at Peoples Medical College Hospital, Nawabshah. Period: September 2017 to March 2018. Material & Methods: All the patients of age 20 to 50 years having Paraphenylenediamine (PPD) poisoning (kala-patthar) during ≥6 hours after ingestion and either of gender were included. AKI was labelled as positive if either of any stage was present on the basses of urine output measurement for 24 hours through urine beg r urine output (UO) criteria. All the data was documented in self-made proforma. Results: The mean age for patients was 24.9±8.9 years, 46(19.08%) subjects were male and 195(80.91%) were female. 18(7.5%) study subjects had acute renal failure, out of them 6 study subjects had ARF of stage I, 5 patients had stage II and 7 study subjects had acute renal failure stage III. Conclusion: Acute renal injury is a common complication following PPD ingestion 7.5%. Paraphenylenediamine toxicity is a threat to the region of Asia and is evolving as a substitute to the poisoning of organophosphorus due to its easy accessibility and low cost.
Comparison of angiosome based incision with conventional aggressive debridement for the treatment of diabetic foot ulcers.
Authors: Akhtar Naveed , Anjum Muhammad Ilyas , Ullah Shafiq , Nizami Shahid Mansoor , Rasheed Uzma , Rabbani Anas
Published: July 2020

Objectives: To compare the efficacy of angiosome based incisions versus aggressive debridement for the treatment of diabetic foot ulcer. Study Design: Randomized Controlled Trial. Setting: Surgical Unit 1 Nishtar Medical University/ Hospital Multan. Period: 9 months duration, from 1st January 2017 to 30th September 2017. Material & Methods: Sample Size: Total 210 patients, 105 in each group. Sampling Technique: Non-probability, consecutive sampling. 210 patients of both genders with history of diabetes mellitus having Grade II diabetic foot ulcer below the ankle. Before the procedure, foot ulcers were measured and ulcer dimensions equal or greater than 4 cm2 were included in the study. 105 patients were in angiosome based incision group (Group A), while105 patients were in aggressive debridement group (Group B). Patients were called for follow up after every 5 days. Regular dressings were done to allow more regular wound inspection and cleansing to avoid infection. Efficacy of treatment was finally determined after 30 days by measuring the ulcer dimension by similar procedure as done before the start of procedure. Data was noted on especially designed proforma. Results: Age range in this study was from 30 to 60 years with mean age of 45.971± 4.89 years in Group A while 46.457± 6.22 years in Group B. Mean duration of diabetes was 10.171±4.09 years in Group A and 10.561±5.58 years in Group B. Mean duration of foot ulcer was 3.895±2.72 months in Group A and 3.790±2.03 months in Group B. Mean size of foot ulcer was 5.047±1.52 cm2 in Group A and 4.895±1.67 cm2 in Group B. Mean weight of the patients was 68.238±10.44 kg in Group A and 67.742±9.53 Kg in Group B. Majority of the patients were of 46-60 years in  group A (63.8%) and in group B  (66.7%). Male gender was dominant in both group (73.3% and 55.25). In group A efficacy was seen in 96 (91.4%) patients as compare to 47 (44.8%) patients in group B, (P=0.000). Conclusion: Angiosome based incision in the treatment of diabetic foot ulcer has shown outstanding outcome with respect to wound healing compared with aggressive debridement.
Comparison of outcome of salbutamol alone and salbutamol in combination with ipratropium bromide in acute asthma in children.
Authors: Joiya Saima Jabeen , Khan Muhammad Azam , Haq Farhan ul , Ahmad Zahid
Published: July 2020

Objectives: Asthma affects about 15% of children while it is one of the commonest reason for admissions in pediatric emergencies and wards. We aimed this study to determine outcome of Salbutamol alone and salbutamol in combination with Ipratropium Bromide in acute asthma in children. Study Design: Randomized Controlled trial (RCT). Setting: Unit-II Department of Pediatric Medicine, Nishtar Medical College and Hospital, Multan. Period: 20th Nov 2017 to 30th June 2018. Material & Methods: The study consisted of 104 children, with 52 children each in Group ‘A’ and ‘B’ who were subjected to salbutamol alone and salbutamol in combination with Ipratropium bromide respectively. In both groups oxygen was administered via nasal prongs at a flow rate of 3L/minute. These children was monitored at 30 minutes interval for 2 hours (least value out of these 4 values was taken). Both groups were compared for outcome in terms of mean heart rate, respiratory rate, accessory muscle score, peak expiratory flow rate (PERF) percentage and SPO2. Results: Of these 104 study cases, 61 (58.7%) were boys while 43 (41.3%) were girls. Mean age of our study cases was noted to be 9.92 ± 3.01 years. Mild level of asthma severity was noted in 35 (33.7%) and moderate severity in 69 (66.3%). Mean heart rate in group A was noted to be 119.40 ± 12.22 and in group was 119.29 ± 8.51 beats per minute. (p=0.956). Mean respiratory rate in group A was 29.98 ± 4.00 while in group B was 27.88 ± 3.85 (p=0.000). Mean accessory muscle score in group  A was 0.537 ± 0.336 while in group B was 0.130 ± 0.030 (p = 0.000). Mean PEFR percentage in group A was 68.69 ± 18.64 while in group B was 87.12 ± 17.10 (p = 0.000). Mean SPO2 in group A was 96.15 ± 1.05 while it was 95.94 ± 1.29 (p = 0.362). Conclusion: Our study results have shown that nebulization of salbutamol in combination with Ipratropium Bromide is more effective in the management of children with acute asthma. It was safe, effective and reliable as there was no adverse side effect noted in our study. We recommend the use of this combination nebulization therapy in children with acute asthma.
MANAGEMENT OF INFANTS LESS THAN SIX MONTHS WITH SEVERE ACUTE MALNUTRITION (SAM).
Authors: Khan Saadia , Hasan Gul , Ali Ibad , Arshad Reema , Ali Imrana , Abbas Asad
Published: July 2020

Objectives: To determine the average weight gain after lactation counseling therapy in infants up to six months of age having severe acute malnutrition. Study Design: Quasi experimental trial. Setting: Stabilization Center Unit, the Children’s Hospital & the Institute of Child Health, Multan. Period: 1st October 2015 to 1st October 2016. Material & Methods: A total of 205 children with SAM were included in this study using non-probability consecutive sampling technique. Mothers of these children were motivated for more than 8 feeds/day, positioning and attachment at breast feeding was advised, demonstrated and monitored. All the data obtained was entered and analyzed by SPSS version 20. Results: Of these 205 study cases, 142 (69.3%) were boys and 63 (30.75) were girls. Mean age of our study cases was 3.75 ± 1.39 months (with minimum age of our study cases was 2 months while maximum age was 6 months). Of these 205 study cases, 101 (49.3 %) were from rural areas while 104 (50.7%) were from urban areas. Mothers of 117 (57.1%) study cases were literate while 88 (42.9%) were illiterate. Majority of our study cases i.e. 129 (62.9%) were from middle income background and 76 (37.1%) were from poor social background. Partial breast feeding was positive in 145 (70.7%) of our study cases and no breast feeding was noted in 60 (29.3%). Mean baseline weight was 2737.07± 585.60 grams. Mean weight at discharge was 2995.37 ± 621.97 grams and mean weight gain was 800.0 ± 258. 29 grams. Average daily weight gain was noted to be 11.27 ± 4.73 g/kg/day. Conclusion: Our study results have shown that lactation counseling therapy significantly improves weight gain in children under 6 months of age with severe acute malnutrition. Mothers of infants presenting with malnutrition must be counselled to breast feed to improve their clinical outcomes. Mean weight gain was significantly associated with maternal education and socioeconomic status. Further studies are suggested from different parts of the country to generate our local data at national level which may be incorporated for national health policy guidelines.
Outcome of primary repair in typhoid ileal perforation at Tertiary Care Hospital.
Authors: Memon Gulshan Ali , Jamali Abdul Hakeem , Qureshi Sajjad Hussain , Ghumro Altaf Hussain , Khowaja Mashooq Ali , Zardari Inayat Ali
Published: July 2020

Typhoid ileal perforation is the common complication of typhoid fever in third week of its phase of progression. It is the most common cause of mortality in developing countries. Small perforations are dealt with primary repair and the more complicated disease is treated by multiple other options. Prognosis is good with primary repair with least postoperative complications. Objectives: To detect the outcome of typhoid ileal perforation treated by primary repair at tertiary care hospital. Study Design: Cross sectional study. Setting: Surgical Department of PMC Hospital Nawabshah. Period: From August 2017 to December 2018. Material & Methods: This study included total 70 patients. All patients were admitted from surgical OPD and emergency department of PMCH Nawabshah. Out of 70, 45 (64.28%) were females and 25 (35.71%) were male patients. Age ranged from 27 to 52 and 24 to 47 in females and males respectively. The common presentation was pain in whole abdomen along with distention and fever, vomiting. Plain X ray chest/ Abdomen and ultra sonography showed gas under diaphragm. Primary repair was done and also other surgical options but our study included only the postoperative outcomes of primary repair of typhoid ileal perforation. A few complications were detected after primary repair of the gut perforation. Results: Total 70 patients were included in this study. 45 (64.28%) were females and 25 (35.71%) were male patients. In females, 25 (55%) were found single perforations of less than 1cm whereas 7 (15.5%) had size of perforation less than 1.5 cm. In 25 males, 11 (44%) had single perforations of less than 1cm in size. 2 (8%) had < 1.5 cm size perforations and 12 (48%). Over all complication rate in this study was 26%. Conclusion: Primary repair is the best surgical option to treat typhoid ileal perforation in selected patients with least postoperative complications.
Frequency of genital tract trauma in primigravida in Tertiary Care Hospital of Quetta.
Authors: Jogezai Shama , Gul Khanda , Mushtaq Rukhshanda , Gul Pari
Published: July 2020

Genital tract trauma is a common outcome of vaginal birth. These injuries can lead to serious complication like pain, dyspareunia, urinary and fecal incontinence, post-partum hemorrhage and fistulae. Objectives: To determine the frequency of genital tract trauma and its types, following spontaneous vertex delivery in primigravida. Study Design: Cross sectional study. Setting: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Unit 4, Bolan Medical Complex Hospital Quetta. Period: From 1st September 2018 to 31st March 2019. Material & Method: A total of 127 Primigravida with vertex presentation were randomly included in the study. Frequency and percentages were calculated for genital tract trauma, type of trauma and episiotomy. Results: Frequency of genital tract trauma was found in 40 patients (31%). Regarding the type of trauma 90% (36/40) had perineal tear and 10% (4/40) had cervical tear. First degree perineal tear was seen in 17(47%), 2nd degree perineal in 18(50%) and one case of 3rd degree perineal tear was seen. Episiotomy was given in 40(32%). Conclusion: It is difficult to reduce the frequency of genital tract trauma after vaginal birth in primigravida, however their avoidance, recognition and management should be crucial for obstetricians. Mediolateral episiotomy appears to be protective against perineal trauma but its use should be restricted.
EVALUATE OF THE PREVALENCE AND SEVERITY OF SYMPTOMS OF TEMPOROMANDIBULAR JOINT DYSFUNCTION (TMJD).
Authors: Khatoon Safia , Suresh Sarang , Ilyas Muhammad , Rani Priya , Khokhar Maimuna , Ahmed Shabir
Published: July 2020

Objectives: The objective of this study is to evaluate the prevalence and severity of TMJD and distribution of associated symptoms with respect to gender and age among the patients visiting Dental Clinic of a Rural Health Centre (RHC). Study Design: Descriptive cross-sectional study. Setting: Dental Clinic of Rural Health Centre (RHC) Nasirabad, District Kambar Shadadkot, Sindh, Pakistan. Period: December 2018 to May 2019. Material & Method: The study sample comprises of total 132 patients meeting the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Fonseca’s questionnaire and Fonseca’s Anamnestic Index are employed to assess the subjective response and severity of TMJD symptoms respectively vis-a-vis age and gender of patients. Data collected from patients is entered in SPSS ® version 16.0 for statistical analysis. Results: The results are arranged and statistically evaluated. Overall 43% answered positive to questions with respect to symptoms. Majority of patients reported positive for neck pain or stiff neck (15%) and muscular fatigue while chewing (15%). 50 % of patients suffering from TMJD symptoms belong to Age Group 1 (15 – 35 years). 94.3 % female patients suffer from some degree of TMJD. Based on Fonseca’s Anamnestic Index of severity, 65.9% of patients have Mild TMJD symptoms, 18.9% with Moderate severity and 1.5% with severe symptoms of TMJD. Conclusion: This study concludes that TMJD are more common in females with age group of 15 – 35 years of age. The most prevalent symptom is muscular pain / tiredness of jaws during chewing and stiffness of neck. In this study sample, majority of patients suffer from Mild TMJD symptoms.
Bouveret’s syndrome: A challenging case of gastric outlet obstruction.
Authors: Gul Marrium , Qadir Irfan , Butt Muhammad Qasim
Published: July 2020

Bouveret’s syndrome causes gastric outlet obstruction when a gallstone is impacted in the duodenum or stomach via a bilioenteric fistula. We present case of a 40-year-old female presented with epigastric pain and intractable vomiting for 2 days. Her physical examination and laboratory workup including blood analysis, amylase test and lipase test were normal. Plain abdominal X-ray did not show any signs of small bowel obstruction. A nasogastric tube was placed and drained 2.5 L of gastric contents immediately. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy showed a dilated stomach with excessive secretions and a large blackish-brown hard stone in the duodenal bulb. After failed attempt at endoscopic extraction, patient underwent laparotomy and removal of stone via duodenal incision. Subsequently, the patient exhibited a good postoperative recovery. The condition of the patient has remained stable after being followed up for one year.
A case report on continent isolated male epispadias.
Authors: Ali Rao Nouman , Hussain Khalid , Khalid Hassam , Yasin Zain , Rehman Attiq-ur-
Published: July 2020

Epispadias is a rare congenital anomaly in which the urethral opening is on the dorsal surface of penis. Its incidence is 1 in 117000 newborn males and 1 in 484000 in newborn females. Its etiology is considered as because of failure of medial migration of mesenchyme between the ectodermal and endodermal layers of cloacal membrane due to premature rupture of cloacal membrane. Epispadias often presents as exstrophy epispadias complex, a wide spectrum of abnormalities that consist of classic bladder exstrophy, Epispadias and cloacal exstrophy. This case was not a part of exstrophy epispadias complex and it was an isolated continent epispadias which is extremely rare and it was managed with Cantwell Ransley epispadias repair technique.
Assessment of health status in fiber glass workers: Role of chromium with biological antioxidants.
Authors: Jabbar Uzma , Mahmood Maira , Javed Arham , Nizami Naim Ahmad , Mushtaq Mazhar , Qureshi Javed Anwer
Published: July 2020

Objectives: The aim of study is to find out the role of chromium with biological antioxidant and how these can relate with the health of fiber glass workers. Study Design: Cross Sectional Study. Setting: Fiber glass industry Lahore. Period: July 2018 to Feb 2019. Material & Methods: Study was included the fifty workers of fiber glass industry with 4-5 years experience or time of exposure. A questionnaire was filled by each participant. Twenty individuals were taken as controls. Their blood sample was drawn to estimate the level of chromium and of biological antioxidants that include serum Catalase, Superoxide Dismutase, Glutathione and Malondialdehye. Results: Mean age of workers was 35 year with BMI 23.80 kg/m2. Their work duration in Fiber glass factory was 6-7 years. Levels of serum chromium and the biological antioxident was significantly high (P<0.001) in fiber glass workers as compared to the levels of these parameters of control. A positive weak correlation was observed between serum chromium and antioxidants MDA, SOD and catalase. On the other hand a moderate inverse correlation was observed between serum chromium and antioxidant GSH. Conclusion: It is concluded that high level of chromium in workers of fiber glass factory is responsible for increased levels of antioxidants in their body, which in long run may develop the diseases especially of respiratory tract.
Comparison of protein synthesis inhibiting antibiotics versus cell wall inhibitor antibiotics for treatment of diabetic foot.
Authors: Ashraf Muhammad Naeem , Azhar Muhammad , Akhtar Naeem , Afzal Muhammad Kamran
Published: July 2020

Diabetic foot infection is a form of soft tissue infection which rapidly involves the tissues of foot. It can affect all parts of foot but pressure areas of foot are commonly involved. Early diagnosis and treatment with proper antibiotic with or without surgical intervention are vital because of high morbidity. Objectives: To compare efficacy of protein synthesis-inhibiting antibiotics (clindamycin) versus cell wall inhibitor (imipenum) for treatment of diabetic foot infections as empirical therapy in term of clearance of infection and wound healing. Study Design: Randomized Clinical Trial. Setting: Surgical department POF Hospital. Period: January 2013 to January 2017. Material & Methods: Total of 94 patients of diabetic foot infection were included in the study through non-probability consecutive sampling. Divided into two groups each have 47 patients. In group A patients were given intravenous (i/v) imipenum while in group B intravenous (i/v) clindamycin was given. Pre and post treatment culture from wound was taken and healing observed in form of granulation tissue. Results: Group A patients (imipenum group) wound healing occurred in only 9 ( 19.1%) patients and in group B (clindamycin group) treatment was effective in 34 (72.3%) patients( P 0.001)  Clearance of infection occurred in 31.91 %(15) in group A and 80.85%(38) in group B(P=0.001). Conclusion: Protein synthesis inhibitor antibiotics have shown increased efficacy for control of infection and healing as compared to cell wall inhibitor antibiotics.
Possible protection against cisplatin induced behavioral changes by dietary antioxidants in adult albino mice.
Authors: Memon Sameena Gul , Shaikh Pashmina , Shahani Muhammad Yaqoob , Bano Umbreen , Rani Shazia , Memon Samreen
Published: July 2020

Cisplatin (Cis) has been proved to be successful in treating cancers but it has several toxicities. Central nervous system toxicity is considered as one of its most common toxic effects. Vitamin E and Green tea are antioxidant with proven results on prevention of life threatening diseases. Objectives: To assess the preventive role of two antioxidants vitamin E and green tea against cisplatin induced neurobehavioral abnormalities in albino mice. Study Design: Experimental Study. Setting: Department of Anatomy, Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences (LUMHS) Jamshoro, in collaboration with Sindh Agriculture University TandoJam. Material & Methods: A total of 60 mice were grouped in to Group A, (control), Group B (Cisplatin), Group C (Cisplatin plus vitamin E) and Group D (cisplatin plus green tea). The weight, gross features and behavior of the animals was monitored before and in between drug administration.  Behavioral studies were performed in quiet atmosphere, and included Pain stimulation test, heat Stimulation test, cold Stimulation test, Hearing, Object Recognition test. Results: A significant decrease in weight and body hair of the Cis treated animals was noticed as compared to control animals.  Paw edema, mental orientation, object recognition, noise stimulation, heat and cold stimulation, time to move away from the stimulus were also significantly different to control.  All features were improved with the addition of vitamin E and green tea. Conclusion: Toxic effects of cisplatin, on morphology and behavior of adult albino mice partially abrogated with antioxidant supplementation.
Outcome of sclerosing agent for managing the oral pyogenic granuloma.
Authors: Zardari Ameer Gul , Shahzad Muhammad , Abbasi Ali Raza , Shaikh Abdul Ghani , Memon Aftab Ahmed , Jagirani Noorullah
Published: July 2020

Objectives: Outcome sclerosing agent for managing the oral pyogenic granulomain terms of post-operative pain, post-operative healing and post-operative infection. Study Design: Cross-section study. Setting: Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Institute of Dentistry, Liaquat University of Medical & Health Sciences Jamshoro / Hyderabad. Period: October 2018 to March 2019. Material & Methods: Patients with oral pyogenic granuloma and willing to contribute in study were included. Sclerosing agent (ethanolamine oleate) was taken in 3cc disposable syringe and injected in each lesion once a week and repeated according to need. Patients were fooled for 1 to 3 weeks. Outcome was assessed in terms of post-operative pain, post-operative healing and post-operative infection. Data was recorded in proforma. Results: Total seventy four patients were included; their mean age was 40.67+4.99 years. Males were in majority 59.5%. On 1st week 32 showed mild pain which was markedly decreased on 2nd and 3rd week almost among all patients. On 1st week healing was achieved by all cases. Infection was occurred in 4 patients and fever was noted in 12 cases. On 2nd week infection was occurred in 2 patients and fever was in 04 cases. On 3rd week infection was noted in only one cases and fever not found. Conclusion: It was concluded that sclerosing agent ethanolamine oleate is better treatment option than surgical removal with lower rate of pain, best achievement of post-operative healing and lower rate of post-operative infection for the oral pyogenic granuloma management.
IMPACT OF DURATION OF HEMODIALYSIS ON LIPID PROFILE IN END STAGE RENAL DISEASE PATIENTS RECEIVING HEMODIALYSIS.
Authors: Rehman Sadia , Kumar Santosh , Mehboob Fatima , Rehman Fatima , Ali Syed Hidayat , Raja Kapeel
Published: July 2020

End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) patients receiving hemodialysis are at a higher risk of developing dyslipidemia which is undoubtedly a predisposing factor of cardiac related disease in these patients. Objectives: To assess serum lipid profile in subjects having end stage renal disease and receiving maintenance hemodialysis and to compare it with normal healthy controls and also to assess the effects of duration of hemodialysis on the lipid profile. Study Design: A case-control study. Setting: Executed in the Nephrology Department of JPMC. Period: January 2018 to January 2019. Material and Methods: Blood samples were obtained from a total of 90 subjects. Subjects were stratified into 3 groups including cases of ESRD receiving maintenance hemodialysis and matched healthy controls. Analysis for serum triglyceride, serum VLDL, total cholesterol, LDL and HDL was done. Results: A significant rise in serum triglyceride content and total serum cholesterol of hemodialysis patients (p < 0.01) was detected as compared to healthy controls. A statistically significant decrease was found in serum HDL level (p < 0.01) in hemodialysis patients in comparison to healthy controls. The impact of the hemodialysis duration was found to deteriorate the lipid profile of patients having longer duration of hemodialysis. Conclusion: Dyslipidemia was found to be evident in hemodialysis patients. The duration of hemodialysis sessions was found to affect the lipid profile of ESRD patients, which may play a role in higher incidence of atherosclerotic related cardiac events among these patients.