bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The New Masculinity
Authors: Hansen Helena
Published: January 2019

In The Reformation of Machismo (1995), Elizabeth Brusco proposed an intriguing theory to explain the mass conversion of Latin Americans to evangelical Protestantism: Protestantism as gender strategy. Based on fieldwork in Colombia, Brusco argued that the Protestant Church is a female-dominated institution and that women convert their male partners to domesticate them. Enforcing the clean-living program of evangelists, Colombian women brought men into the domestic sphere as heads of household, and forced men to give up the male subcultural pursuits of alcohol, adultery, and domestic violence. Using Brusco's argument as a point of departure, this chapter describes conversion among addicted men in Puerto Rico as a male-driven—rather than female-driven—gender strategy that changed the relationship male converts had to their families and their work.
Spiritual Mothers
Authors: Hansen Helena
Published: January 2019

This chapter argues that addiction ministries' reliance on the victimhood of women as a key resource in the reformation of masculinity narrowed women's routes to spiritual power and capital. The ministries' rhetoric of women's victimhood coexisted with one of gender equality in moral standards: The insistence that both men and women demonstrate monastic discipline and dedication to the ministry over their families of origin. This apparent equity in expectation ignored the differential family responsibilities and relational histories of women. Addiction treatment is also profoundly gendered, because addiction is profoundly gendered. Although male rejection of alcohol and drugs figures neatly into the Pentecostal narrative of reformed machismo, there is no clear corresponding narrative of women's reformation.
Family Values
Authors: Hansen Helena
Published: January 2019

This chapter discusses how the long-term success of converts required reworking relationships with preconversion families and lives. Pentecostal rupture with the unconverted world in practice was not ever complete. Converts' success hinged on the uncertain prospect of exchanging spiritual capital gained in the ministry for the local currency of their fragile families. Ironically, those converts who had more resources before conversion were often those who could best capitalize on their new Christian relationships, their identities and authority both inside and outside of the ministries. Thus, the radical egalitarianism of each saved soul's worth was continually undercut by differential access in the present material world.
Women's Place in the Andes
Authors: Babb Florence E. , Vargas Virginia
Published: January 2019

Florence E. Babb’s Women’s Place in the Andes draws on long-term anthropological research to develop an analytical framework for reexamining the accumulated research of several decades—her own and that of others—on the complex and often ambiguous interworkings of gender, race, and indigeneity in Andean Peru. She deftly interweaves five new analytical chapters with six of her previously published works that exemplify changing currents in feminist and anthropological thought. She contends that discussion of ethnic and racial inequality in Peru has largely overlooked gender differences and draws on decolonial feminism to redress this problem and offer fresh new insights. She starts from the proposition that Euro-American categories of analysis are not sufficient to shed light on intercultural differences in the past and present context of exclusionary practices in Peru. Instead, she looks to the global South to find inspiration and tools for rethinking intersecting inequalities in relation to her ethnographic work. What emerges is a deeper understanding of the iconic Andean women—who are subjects of both national pride and everyday scorn and neglect—and of gender and race more broadly in Latin America.
Producers and Reproducers
Authors: Babb Florence E.
Published: January 2019

Since the florescence of research on women in society, the gender division of labor has been viewed as a key to understanding women’s socioeconomic position. By the mid-1970s, the view held sway that women’s cross-cultural subordination could be explained by their universal or near-universal attachment to the domestic sphere of activity, while men enjoyed the higher prestige of the public sphere. A flurry of studies appeared, documenting the unequal and undervalued role of women in the family and household. By calling attention to the previously “invisible” activities carried out daily by women, analysts undertook to transform the androcentric social sciences. This chapter suggests that while the production/reproduction framework moved us forward to important new lines of inquiry, taking these conceptual categories as unproblematic may result in some confusion. The author considers the case of market women in Andean Peru to illustrate what she views as the strengths of the concepts discussed here, as well as some shortcomings, for an examination of these Latin American women workers.
Commentary
Authors: Babb Florence E.
Published: January 2019

This commentary introduces works that consider how we can assess the nature of women’s participation in economies and societies when so much depends on the suppleness of our interpretations. The first piece was written at a time when feminists still needed to make a case for the inclusion of women and gender in social analysis, while the second, written a couple of decades later, could take the legitimacy of gender analysis for granted and argue some of the finer points regarding ways in which indigenous women in areas of Peru and Mexico are inserting themselves in the work of tourism development. Both pieces had somewhat mixed responses as a result of the rather novel positions taken by the author, and so she begins this commentary by looking back to discover where the heat was in those debates. She goes on to discuss the “impossibility of women” as taken up by contemporary feminists who wish to dismantle fixed notions of gender. From there, she raises related questions concerning cultural representation and identity among Andean women. The chapter concludes with some observations about the politics of the transnational Latin American women’s movement as we enter the new millennium.
Introduction
Authors: Heidt-Forsythe Erin
Published: January 2019

Egg donation in the United States has been characterized as a “wild west”—there are no regulations that limit the expanding commercial markets in egg donation. Contesting this conventional thinking, the introduction explores how we think about egg donation for reproduction through stereotypes of femininity and how that shapes the politics of egg donation. Laying out the three major themes of this book—body and morality politics, framing, and gender and politics—this chapter forwards the main argument of the book. Rather than seeing the United States as bereft of politics, body and morality politics frames have created a logic of egg donation politics for reproduction and research. This chapter concludes with an overview of the book.
Dream or Nightmare?
Authors: Heidt-Forsythe Erin
Published: January 2019

This chapter examines two major frameworks—body and morality politics—that explain the diverse politics of egg donation. At different moments in the history and regulation of egg donation, these frameworks have gained and lost traction to define egg donation in the U.S. context. This chapter breaks down how body politics and morality politics play a role in this process, both in the contemporary period and the past, tracing how they have shaped the system of egg donation. After laying out the ways that these frameworks help explain egg donation in reproduction and research, this chapter connects body and morality politics to the practical, scholarly, and political histories of this reproductive technology in the U.S. context.
Framing Egg Donation at the State Level
Authors: Heidt-Forsythe Erin
Published: January 2019

This chapter begins a response to the questions of what creates the unique system of egg donation regulations by examining the ways that stakeholders—legislators, advocates, scientists, and invested citizens—frame the issue of egg donation in reproduction and research. I explore one policy area of egg donation politics in the United States, compensation in California, New York, Arizona, and Louisiana between 1990 and 2010. This chapter explores and illuminates framing processes about egg donation through explaining the method of policy narrative analysis, case selection, and political contexts in each state.
Dear China
Authors: Benton Gregor , Liu Hong , Wang Gungwu
Published: January 2019

Qiaopi is the name given to the “silver letters” Chinese emigrants sent home in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. These letters-cum-remittances, which were entered into UNESCO’s Memory of the World Register in 2013, document the changing history of the Chinese diaspora in different parts of the world and in different periods, as well as its linkages to China. The qiaopi trade played a big part in making China transnational. This book, the first in English on qiaopi and on the origins, structure, and operations of the qiaopi trade, makes an important contribution to our understanding of modern Chinese history and to the comparative study of global migration. It examines the culture, business, geography, and politics of the qiaopi phenomenon, both in China and abroad, as well as the special features of the qiaopi trade in each of its Chinese regions. It traces the history of the trade, including the shift from individual couriering to large-scale enterprise, and its role in China’s difficult transition from an agrarian bureaucracy under the Qing to capitalism and the start of modern statehood under the Kuomintang and then to collectivism and full statehood under the communists. The study argues that the qiaopi trade was indispensable to modern China’s economic and social modernization and the basis for one of China’s earliest excursions into the modern world. The changes that it wrought were built initially on primordial ties of locality, kinship, and dialect, and it later joined or created national, transnational, and international networks based on trade, finance, and general migration.
Introduction
Authors: Benton Gregor , Liu Hong
Published: January 2019

This introductory chapter provides a detailed account of the origins of qiaopi and their significance for Chinese international migration and modern Chinese history. Emigrants’ letters and remittances home were an important link between China and Chinese overseas, who were tied—emotionally, socially, and economically—with a China in transition to a modern society and state. During the period of the qiaopi trade, from the late Qing and the Republic through to the People’s Republic, modern mechanisms and institutions of finance and communication such as banks and post offices became a cornerstone of the modern Chinese state, and the qiaopi trade in South China played a part in that process. This chapter also introduces key concepts, terminologies, and usages concerning qiaopi and qiaopi trade.
The Genealogy of Qiaopi Studies
Authors: Benton Gregor , Liu Hong
Published: January 2019

This chapter is mainly concerned with scholarship over the past eighty years or so in both China and overseas on the qiaopi phenomenon. It first discusses the reasons for the large quantities of letters Chinese emigrants wrote home and the replies (known as huipi) they received from their families. It then analyzes scholarship on qiaopi up to 2013, when qiaopi were included in the UNESCO Memory of the World Register. During this period, studies on qiaopi were mainly undertaken in the context of local histories of South China (Fujian and Guangdong). In the late twentieth and the early twenty-first centuries, qiaopi studies gradually emerged as a special branch of research. This chapter pays special attention to qiaopi studies after 2013, when interest in qiaopi, both as an object of collection and a subject of research, reached new heights. While the focus of Chinese-language studies has been primarily on the role remittances play in the Chinese economy and in the economic and social development of the migrant-sending areas (the qiaoxiang), this book looks at qiaopi not only as an economic and financial phenomenon but also as a means of sustaining emotional and spiritual ties in families, clans, and local communities.
The Structure of the Qiaopi Trade and Transnational Networks
Authors: Benton Gregor , Liu Hong
Published: January 2019

This chapter provides a detailed account of the evolution, structure, and personnel of the qiaopi trade, which enabled financial transactions (remittances) and the exchange of family letters across national boundaries. It looks at the institutionalization of the qiaopi trade and the role played by the piju (remittance shops) in sustaining transnational Chinese social and business networks on the basis of primordial ties of locality, dialect, and kinship. Transnational qiaopi networks played a key role not only in supporting the social and economic development of South China but also in sustaining the ties of families separated physically by oceans. These networks predated and coexisted with emerging nation-states based on institutions such as a modern post office and other regulatory regimes in both host lands and homeland. Competition between qiaopi institutions and modern organizations such as the post office, modern banks, and, ultimately, the increasingly powerful nation-state eventually led to the demise of the qiaopi trade in the late 1970s.
Qiaopi Geography
Authors: Benton Gregor , Liu Hong
Published: January 2019

This chapter explores differences in the qiaopi trade from place to place, as well as their causes and consequences. The qiaopi trade was shaped by local circumstances and experiences, but even though its broad contours did not alter, it was more likely to assume special forms in the furthest-flung qiaoxiang than in other migrant-sending areas, which diverged less from the economic and cultural mainstream. Geography affected it at both ends of the migration chain, in China and abroad. This chapter examines the structures and characteristics of the qiaopi trade in the Hakka counties and in Hainan, Wuyi, and Guanfu, together with its connections in Southeast Asia, North America, and Australia. Differences of geography, politics, economy, and society were reflected not just in the form that the qiaopi system took in different places but also, to some extent, in the contents of migrant correspondence.
“Making the Best of My Appearance”
Authors: Greenhalgh Charlotte
Published: January 2019

Older women and men were celebrated in fashion and beauty culture during the middle decades of the twentieth century. In British Vogue, for example, the character Mrs. Exeter modeled glamourous clothing and advised older women about style from 1949 until the mid-1960s. Dashing older men graced the magazine’s pages beside her. Many older people who wrote for social research organization Mass Observation paid careful attention to their appearances. This group of Britons had sufficient resources to spend time and money on shopping and grooming. Many among them felt joy when they selected the ‘right’ outfits and were proud of their attractive complexions, hands, or hair. This chapter explores personal responses to physical aging, including the pleasure of looking good.
Games with Time
Authors: Greenhalgh Charlotte
Published: January 2019

Postwar social changes ranging from slum clearances to full employment sparked public interest in working-class lives during the first half of the twentieth century. From the late 1950s, technical developments including lithography and offset printing lowered the cost of printing and increased its speed. Community presses published newly diverse autobiographies. Older authors described youthful scenes that were set in the distant past and parsed social changes that had occurred over half a century or more. Many among them knew that memories were unreliable but found that the past constantly intruded on the present. Later life delivered new perspectives on childhoods that featured deprivation and violence as well as joy, and elderly autobiographers were quick to celebrate the achievements of the present.
Racial and Gender Discrimination in the Stress Process: Implications for African American Women's Health and Well-Being
Authors: Perry Brea L. , Harp Kathi L. H. , Oser Carrie B.
Published: January 2019

In recent decades, sociologists have increasingly adopted an intersectionality framework to explore and explain the complex and interconnected nature of inequalities in the areas of race, class, and gender. Using an inclusion-centered approach and a sample of 204 low-socioeconomic-status (SES) African American women, the authors theorize and explore the role of racial and gender discrimination in the stress process. Analyses examine relationships between social stressors (racial and gender discrimination) and individual stressors occurring in each of six distinct social contexts. Furthermore, the authors evaluate the effects of racial and gender discrimination as compared to individual stressors on three indicators of mental health and well-being. Findings suggest that racial and gender discrimination increases risk for poor health and low well-being, working both directly and indirectly through increased vulnerability to individual stressors. This research demonstrates the value of a more comprehensive study of stressors that influence the health of low-SES African American women and other multiply disadvantaged groups.
PERAN PENUGASAN PRAKARYA DAN KEWIRAUSAHAAN TERHADAP MINAT BERWIRAUSAHA SISWA SMA
Authors: Tahara Vina , Pujiati Amin
Published: January 2019

Semakin rendahnya karakter wirausaha yang dihasilkan dalam mata pelajaran Prakarya dan Kewirausahaan membuat jumlah siswa yang berminat melakukan kegiatan wirausaha semakin sedikit.  Tujuan penelitian ini adalah: Mengetahui kondisi minat kewirausahaan siswa SMA Negeri 3 Semarang serta mengetahui peran penugasan Prakarya dan Kewirausahaan terhadap minat berwirausaha siswa SMA Negeri 3 Semarang. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah kualitatif deskriptif dengan teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan observasi, wawancara dan studi dokumentasi serta uji keabsahan data adalah uji kredibilitas data menggunakan triangulasi sumber. Teknik analisis data dilakukan dengan reduksi data, penyajian data dan penarikan kesimpulan. Pengambilan sample sumber data dilakukan secara purposive dan snowball. Hasil dari penelitian ini yaitu: Kondisi minat siswa dikategorikan dalam beberapa sikap yaitu percaya diri, melihat peluang, berorientasi masa depan, kepemimpinan, berani mengambil resiko dan kreativitas. Secara keseluruhan sikap tersebut sudah dapat dikatakan cukup baik hanya saja aspek mencari peluang kurang diaplikasikan secara optimal. Peran penugasan dalam penelitian dilihat dalam aspek kemampuan belajar mandiri siswa dan penguasaan bahan ajar yang terbagi dalam aspek kognitif, psikomotorik dan afektif siswa.

 

The lower the entrepreneurship interest resulted  in craft and entrepreneurship subject, make less the number of  students who interest in doing entrepreneurship activities.  The aims of  this study are to know the entrepreneurships interest condition of students  of SMA Negeri 3 Semarang and to know the role of craft and entrepreneurship assignment on the entrepreneurship interest of students of SMA Negeri 3 Semarang. The methode of  this experiment is qualitative description. The sampling of data sources was conducted by using purposive and snowball sampling. The results of this study are: (1) The condition of student interest is categorized in several attitudes, namely self-confidence, seeing opportunities, future-oriented, leadership, taking risks and creativity as a form of student entrepreneurial character and seen in how the assignment is carried out. Overall, this attitude can be said to be quite good, only the aspect of looking for opportunities is not applied optimally in the assignment of Crafts and Entrepreneurship at SMA Negeri 3 Semarang. (2) The role of assignment in research is seen in the aspect of students' independent learning abilities and mastery of teaching materials which are divided into cognitive, psychomotor and affective aspects of students
Uso problemático de internet, cyberbullying y ciber-violencia de pareja en jóvenes universitarios
Authors: Peña Cárdenas Fabiola , Rojas-Solís José Luis , García Sánchez Paola Valeria
Published: January 2019

Las Tecnologías de la Información y Comunicación se han desarrollado con rapidez integrándose en la vida cotidiana de los adolescentes y los jóvenes. Por ello, esta investigación con diseño no-experimental y transversal analizó las diferencias por sexo en el uso problemático del internet, el cyberbullying y la ciber-violencia de pareja; así como la posible relación entre las variables mencionadas. La muestra fue conformada por 456 estudiantes, procedentes de dos universidades mexicanas, con edades entre 17 y 30 años  (M = 19,86; DT = 2,12). Los resultados mostraron pocas diferencias entre hombres y mujeres; asimismo se presentaron correlaciones bajas positivas entre la mayoría de los indicadores de uso problemático de internet con ciberbullying; el uso problemático de internet y ciber-violencia de pareja; y entre ciberbullying y ciber-violencia de pareja. Se concluyó que las conductas violentas de jóvenes mediante nuevas tecnologías parecen generalizarse a las relaciones entre pares y de pareja. Se discuten los resultados destacando la necesidad de más estudios sobre estos fenómenos cada vez más presentes en jóvenes.
Prosocialidad en niños, niñas y adolescentes desvinculados de grupos armados ilegales: retos y reflexiones para la investigación social
Authors: Gómez Tabares Anyerson Stiths , Narváez Marín Mariela
Published: January 2019

Este articulo constituye una primera reflexión teórica de la investigación titulada “Conductas prosociales en niños, niñas y adolescentes desvinculados de grupos armados ilegales, pertenecientes a la modalidad Hogar Sustituto Tutor del Instituto Colombiano de Bienestar Familiar, en la ciudad de Manizales”. Se busca, en primer lugar, hacer un rastreo de la categoría prosocialidad, sus principales referentes históricos, conceptuales e investigativos. Posteriormente, se plantean hipótesis y propuestas alternativas, ubicando la categoría de potencial prosocial como eje central para la investigación y el trabajo con niños, niñas y adolescentes desvinculados de grupos armados ilegales que están en procesos de reincorporación a la vida civil.
Problemas emocionales y de comportamiento en niños con discapacidad intelectual
Authors: Coronel Claudia Paola
Published: January 2019

Estudiar los problemas de comportamiento en los niños resulta complejo y más aún si presentan discapacidad intelectual, ya que se involucran diversos factores etiológicos: contextuales, genéticos, familiares, interaccionales; algunos de ellos pueden ser causa por sí mismos de psicopatología o aumentar el riesgo de psicopatología. Los objetivos de este trabajo fueron identificar problemas emocionales y de comportamiento en niños de 6 y 11 años con discapacidad intelectual de diferentes niveles socioeconómico (NSE) de Tucumán, Argentina. Segundo, analizar comportamientos internalizantes y externalizantes en niños con discapacidad intelectual y analizar si existen diferencias en los problemas emocionales y de comportamiento en función del contexto socioeconómico de los niños. Los hallazgos del presente estudio se relacionan con una mayor problemática comportamental y emocional en niños con discapacidad intelectual moderada referida a problemas de atención, sociales y de retraimiento. Además se encontró mayor problemática emocional en niños con discapacidad intelectual de niveles socioeconómico bajo de Tucumán.
Maternidad subrogada: lagunas en el ordenamiento jurídico colombiano. ¿Con qué elementos cuenta el juez para adoptar su decisión?
Authors: Romero Rubio Carlos Andrés
Published: January 2019

Algunas mujeres, o más bien algunas parejas, motivadas por el hecho de no poder concebir un hijo y gracias a los avances de la ciencia y la tecnología, encontraron en métodos alternos tales como la inseminación artificial, la fecundación in vitro y la maternidad subrogada, una alternativa para conseguir tal fin. En países como India, Canadá y Portugal, entre otros, la maternidad subrogada o mal llamada “alquiler de vientre” se encuentra regulada. Dicha práctica en el ordenamiento jurídico colombiano no está prohibida, pero a la vez, tampoco se encuentra regulada. En el presente escrito se aborda el tema de la maternidad subrogada, sus implicaciones éticas, morales y jurídicas y se realizará una descripción de las lagunas jurídicas. El propósito de este artículo, es pues, analizar los vacíos jurídicos en el sistema jurídico colombiano en lo concerniente a la gestación subrogada y por último se describirán los elementos con los que cuenta el juez para tomar una decisión en este tema.
Los derechos en los congresos nacionales de extensión universitaria de Argentina
Authors: Luis López Marcelo
Published: January 2019

Se muestra la relación entre el tema de los derechos y la extensión universitaria desde una investigación cuyo problema es: qué líneas temáticas y categorías de análisis para la praxis extensionista se pueden inferir como aportes a la construcción del objeto extensión universitaria a partir de las comunicaciones presentadas en los primeros cuatro Congresos Nacionales de Extensión Universitaria de Argentina (como caso testigo en Latinoamérica). El objetivo general del proyecto es describir, analizar e interpretar cómo está evolucionando la relación teoría práctica en extensión universitaria, para lo cual se delimita el abordaje a la cuestión de los derechos. Se utilizó la metodología de la teoría fundamentada en los datos. Las principales conclusiones están referidas al rol de la bibliografía y las relaciones entre sujetos y objetos de las ponencias.
NESATIES KODAS: BALTARUSIJOS TAPTYBĖS PAIEŠKOS
Authors: Jurkonis Vytis
Published: January 2019

„Mes atėjome visai ne ten, kur svajojome, ir atsidūrėme visai ne ten, kur norėjome būti“1, – taip savo knygą apie Baltarusijos tapatybę pradeda Valiancinas Akudovičius. Citata, matyt, galėtų būti taikoma ne tik baltarusiams, bet ir daugeliui posovietinių visuomenių. Vis dėlto Baltarusijos atvejis yra ypatingas ir vertas atskiros analizės.Daugiau nei dešimtmetį politikos mokslų atstovai bando suprasti Baltarusijos fenomeno priežastis. Paskutine diktatūra Europoje vadinamos Baltarusijos atvejis yra įdomus daugeliu aspektų. Tarptautinių santykių dalykui tai tam tikra geopolitinė anomalija2, besidomintiems politine teorija – vienas iš demokratijos nesėkmės pavyzdžių, Europos Sąjungos ekspertams – Europos Sąjungos kaimynystės politikos objektas. Lietuvai ir jos piliečiams gretimos valstybės raida ir problemos yra svarbios mažiausiai dėl kelių priežasčių. Pirma ir akivaizdžiausia – geografinis artumas ir bendra 502 kilometrų siena. Antra, Baltarusija gali būti rimtas įspėjimas, atkreipiantis dėmesį į tam tikras visuomenės problemas. Trečia, tai kartu yra ir savotiškas atskaitos taškas vertinant mūsų valstybės pasiekimus nuo nepriklausomybės atkūrimo. [...]
KODĖL UKRAINA NE RUSIJA
Authors: Lopata Raimundas
Published: January 2019

Prieš penkiolika metų „Baltų lankų“ leidykla lietuvių skaitytojams padovanojo Anatolio Lieveno „Pabaltijo revoliucija. Estija, Latvija, Lietuva – kelias į nepriklausomybę“ – knygą, kurią The New York Times buvo išrinkęs metų knyga. [...]
NAUJI TSPMI PARENGTI LEKSIKOGRAFINIAI LEIDINIAI
Authors: Jankauskas Algimantas
Published: January 2019

Gausėjančią Vilniaus universiteto Tarptautinių santykių ir politikos mokslų instituto knygų lentyną pastaraisiais metais papildė trys nauji leksikografiniai leidiniai – „Politikos mokslų enciklopedinis žodynas“ (ats. redaktorius Algimantas Jankauskas), Egdūno Račiaus „Islamo žinynas“ ir Gedimino Vitkaus „Europos Sąjungos užsienio politika. Trumpas vadovas“. Vasario 13 dieną leidiniai buvo pristatyti tarptautinėje Vilniaus knygų mugėje. [...]
DEBATAI DĖL LIETUVOS UŽSIENIO POLITIKOS
Authors: Lopata Raimundas
Published: January 2019

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DISERTACIJA APIE IŠORINIŲ VEIKSNIŲ ĮTAKĄ POLITINIŲ REŽIMŲ TRANSFORMACIJAI UKRAINOJE IR GRUZIJOJE
Authors: Informacija Redakcijos
Published: January 2019

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SĄVOKŲ POLITINĖ SISTEMA IR POLITINIS REŽIMAS ANALITINIS POTENCIALAS
Authors: Laurėnas Vaidutis , Šerpetis Kęstutis
Published: January 2019

The article is dedicated to the discussion about the notions of the ‘political system’ and ‘political regime’ in the fields of its meanings as autonomous analytical construc­tions. The main arguments are that the ‘political system’ describes a stable and normal political process and determinate interrelations between power structures and civil society institutions as a complex sociopolitical unity. On the other hand, concept of ‘political regime’ stresses dynamic aspects of the government activity as a realization of the basic political functions. Pointing to the fact that a political system explains events and relations in the modern democratic context and a regime – its peculiarities in the process of decision-making, the authors share attention to specific negative aspects of the separate interpretation and recognition of the various forms in the na­tional politics spheres. All these conditions may sharp influence over the quality of the authority deci­sions, feedback among political institutions as a civic interests representatives etc. And otherwise, this implies that the political systems and political regimes realize an isomorphic similarity for taking evasive action between them.
EUROPOS SĄJUNGOS DEMOKRATIJOS STRUKTŪROS: IŠŠŪKIAI IR SUVARŽYMAI
Authors: Jakštas Tadas
Published: January 2019

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ETNINIO NACIONALIZMO RAIŠKA PARLAMENTINIŲ 2008–2012 METŲ LIETUVOS RESPUBLIKOS SEIMO KADENCIJOS PARTIJŲ PROGRAMOSE
Authors: LELIUKAITĖ LINA
Published: January 2019

There is a lot written about nationalism in the literature. However, there is practically no information on how nationalism shows itself in the attitudes of major political forces. This has determined the goal of the study – to unveil the expression of ethnic nationalism on the state level through analysis of parliamentary party programs, because parties are the basic policy-creating institutions of any democracy. The analysis is based on the works of classical nationalism theory – those by Anthony D. Smith, Karl W. Deutsch, Benedict Anderson, Rogers Brubaker, Ernest Gellner. The research model is based on the insights of the above authors: five variables of ethnic nationalism are distinguished, and a search of these variables is made in the parliamentary party programs. Party programs were chosen as the main source of analysis because these documents are the background for the prognosis of the future parliament and governmental policies as well as of their impact on the state and its citizens. Research of ethnic nationalism in party programs allows an effective unveiling of the main ideological principles of the institutions towards the topics that are highly relevant to the state and society, such as migration, nation, citizenship, ethnic relations, language, nation state, etc. A comparative analysis of the programs in the context of ethnic nationalism highlights the similarities of and the differences among the parties.
Representación de los actores socioculturales en las crónicas de indias de la «Conquista»
Authors: Vargas Manrique Pedro José
Published: January 2019

Este artículo examina la representación de los actores socioculturales en diez crónicas de Indias de la «Conquista», para mostrar la concepción y distinción entre colonizadores y colonizados en el mundo colonial. El análisis toma como base teórica y metodológica los estudios críticos del discurso (ecd), en particular el modelo de Van Leeuwen de representación de los actores sociales. Se utilizan las herramientas de análisis textual Nvivo y t-lab 7.5, que permiten realizar un examen léxico-semántico de las crónicas seleccionadas. Como resultados de la indagación, se halló que los europeos del mundo colonial se autorrepresentaban a través del uso de nombres propios, la honorificación y los títulos de oficio, mientras que los pueblos prehispánicos eran representados mediante la categorización y la asimilación. Esto implica que los primeros se describían a partir de rasgos personales, humanos y «civilizados», en cambio los segundos eran concebidos mediante abstracción, generalización y homogenización, factores que los deshumanizaban.
Discursos intolerantes na internet: o caso brasileiro do ranking sexual da Universidade de São Paulo
Authors: Schwtner David Augusta Cássia , Garcia Manzano Luciana Carmona
Published: January 2019

O presente artigo tem como objetivo mostrar como foram constituídos, no espaço digital, discursos intolerantes como respostas às notícias sobre a exposição de um cartaz, denominado ranking sexual, no centro de vivência da Escola Superior de Agricultura “Luiz de Queiroz” da Universidade de São Paulo, na cidade de Piracicaba. O cartaz apresentava uma classificação de pessoas, entre mulheres heterossexuais e homens homossexuais, segundo características físicas e práticas sexuais. Os trabalhos de Diana Luz Pessoa de Barros sobre os discursos intolerantes na internet e a obra de Marie Anne Paveau, que discorre sobre as virtudes discursivas e os julgamentos morais, foram os principais aportes para desenvolver este estudo. Contamos ainda com as reflexões de Michel Foucault sobre o discurso e de Dominique Maingueneau, a partir da concepção do que é a polêmica entre os sujeitos do discurso.
Method to Select Copula Functions
Authors: Achcar Jorge Alberto , Portilla-Yela Jennyfer , Tovar-Cuevas José Rafael
Published: January 2019

Copula functions have been extensively used in applied statistics, becoming a good alternative for modeling the dependence of multivariate data. Each copula function has a different dependence structure. An important issue in these applications is the choice of an appropriate copula function model for each one; thus common classical or Bayesian discrimination methods might not be appropriate for determining the best copula. Considering only the special case of bivariate data, we propose a procedure obtained from a recently introduced dependence measure for selecting an appropriate copula for the statistical data analyses.
Some Recent Developments in Inference for Geostatistical Functional Data
Authors: Kokoszka Piotr , Reimherr Matthew
Published: January 2019

We review recent developments related to inferencefor functions defined at spatial locations. We also considertime series of functions defined at irregularly distributedspatial points or on a grid. We focus on kriging, estimationof the functional mean and principal components, and significancetesting, giving special attention to testing spatio--temporalseparability in the context of functional data. We also highlightsome ideas related to extreme value theory for spatially indexed functionaltime series.
Smectite appearance in the footwall of the Úrkút manganese ore deposit, Bakony Mts., Hungary
Authors: Leskó Máté Zsigmond , Papp Richárd Zoltán , Topa Boglárka Anna , Kristály Ferenc , Vigh Tamás , Zajzon Norbert
Published: January 2019

The Úrkút manganese ore deposit (Transdanubian Range, Hungary) is one of the largest manganese accumulations to be formed during the Toarcian Oceanic Anoxic Event. In the past 60 years, the area was investigated intensively. The core storage facility of the manganese mine had more than 20,000 sample pieces. Most of these samples have never been investigated. During this study, which is the first widespread clay mineral study in the footwall of the Úrkút manganese ore deposit, we investigated 40 samples from seven boreholes (footwall rocks, black/gray shales below and above the first ore bed, and manganese carbonate ores). Although previous studies assumed that smectite is associated only with the ore beds, our research revealed its appearance in the footwall (Pliensbachian) as well. Simultaneously, tripoli (the local name of completely bleached chert) can also be found in the footwall. Based on the investigated samples, a sharp geochemical difference was detected between Pliensbachian and Toarcian sediments. In this paper, we try to trace the relationship between the smectite content of the footwall and the ore bed and compare these results with the observed geochemical changes. Based on the new data, we assume that the ore accumulation was caused by a flow system (upwelling-controlled ore formation).
Analisis Hukum Ekonomi Syariah Terhadap Putusan Mah¬kamah Agung Nomor: 569 K/Ag/2015 tentang Penyelesai¬an Sengketa Pembiayaan Ijârah Multijasa
Authors: Hartati Neneng
Published: January 2019

Putusan tingkat Kasasi Nomor: 569 K/AG/2015 ini diajukan Para Pemohon Kasasi melawan Termohon Kasasi. Awalnya Termohon Kasasi telah mengajukan gugatan akad pem­biayaan ijârah multijasa atas akad Nomor : 01 tanggal 13 September 2011, yang perinciannya pertanggal 31 Agustus 2013. Terhadap Para Pemohon Kasasi di Pengadilan Agama Purbalingga dengan alasan wanprestasi/cidera janji/ingkar janji. Wanpres­tasi ter­sebut disebabkan Para Tergugat telah menunggak angsuran dan telah dilakukan upaya peringatan oleh Penggugat, namun Para Tergugat tetap tidak membayar kewajiban tersebut, sehingga Penggugat menganggap bahwa Para Tergugat tidak memiliki itikad baik untuk memenuhi kewajibannya. Atas perbuatan wanprestasi/cidera janji/ingkar janji tersebut, Penggugat merasa dirugikan secara materil: sewa manfaat: Rp.206.318.865; tunggakan ujrah: Rp.40.549.585; denda keterlambatan: Rp.375.000; biaya kunjungan : Rp.150.000; biaya kuasa hukum: Rp.10.000.000. Sehigga total kewajiban Para Tergugat yang harus dibayar sebesar: Rp.257.393.450 (dua ratus lima puluh tujuh juta tiga ratus sembilan puluh tiga ribu empat ratus lima puluh). Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode penelitian yuridis normatif dengan pola yang digunakan adalah deskriptif analisis. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa Pertama, hakim dalam melakukan pemeriksaan perkara pada tingkat kasasi membatalkan putusan pengadilan tingkat banding dikarenakan telah salah dalam penerapan hukum terhadap fakta-fakta hukum yang ditemukan adalah tepat. Akan tetapi tidak seharunnya seluruh pertimbangan hakim tingkat pertama menjadi pertimbangan Mahkamah Agung karena ada kesalahan dalam pertimbangan pada tingkat pertama.  Kedua Penerapan hukum pada putusan tingkat kasasi ini, majelis hakim, sama sekali tidak melakukan penerapan hukum, sehingga tidak memberi contoh yang baik terhadap peradilan yang berada di bawah Mahkamah Agung.
The Scottish independence referendum and the myth of successful small states
Authors: Engström Robin
Published: January 2019

In 2013 the Scottish government launched its flagship publication, Scotland’s Future, intended to mobilize the electorate to vote for independence. A particularly salient feature of this document is the large number of references to small northern European countries. Combining theories of cognitive linguistics with a discursive approach to political myth, this article argues that Scotland’s Future employs the political myth of national rebirth in tandem with the construction of small European countries as democratic role models. This results in a mythical conception of small states, here referred to as the myth of successful small states. This myth is then used to legitimate the Scottish government’s policies that are conveyed to the Scottish electorate.
EXPERIMENTAL MODELING OF APOPTOSIS UNDER CONDITIONS OF STABLE STRONTIUM EXPOSURE
Authors: Dolgikh O. V. , Zaitseva N. V. , Dianova D. G. , Krivtsov A. V. , Starkova K. D. , Otavina E. A.
Published: January 2019

Apoptosis is defined as a highly regulated form of programmed cell death with typical morphological and biochemical features. A variety of factors, including heavy metals, may influence the intensity of programmed cell death. The aim of the work was to simulate apoptosis in an in vitrosystem under the conditions of stable strontium exposure. The children’s population consuming drinking water with high strontium (Sr2+) content (n = 49) was observed. The level of lymphocyte apoptosis was determined with flow cytometry technique, by means of labeled annexin V-FITC conjugate (AnnV-FITC) and propidium iodide (PI) staining. AnnV-FITC+PI- cells were regarded as early apoptotic forms, whereas late apoptotic and/or necrotic cells were AnnV-FITC+PI+. The isolated leukocytes were incubated with Sr2+ at a concentration of 7.0 mg/l, the maximal permitted concentration (MPC) for water of aqueous objects, for 4 hours at 37 ºC. Expression of CD95 and p53 apoptosis markers was performed by flow cytometry using labeled monoclonal antibodies.In vitroexposure to strontium was associated with significantly decreased expression of apoptosisregulating factors, i.e., membrane marker CD95 and intracellular transcription protein p53, 1.56- and 1.68-fold, respectively. Meanwhile, we revealed a significantly (4.68-fold) decreased amounts of AnnV-FITC+PI--cells, as well as a statistically significant (1.35-fold) increase of the AnnV-FITC+PI+-cells. Moreover, the amounts of AnnV-FITC+ PI--lymphocytes in all samples were below the physiological ranges and control values. The number of samples with higher contents of AnnV-FITC+PI+-lymphocyte exceeding the established standards and control values, was 30.8%. Thus, it has been experimentally proven that strontium, at a concentration corresponding to MPC for water objects may significantly inhibit cell death along apoptotic pathways, with switching to necrotic cell death mechanisms, according to phosphatidylserine contents, as detected by annexin V binding test. The data have revealed an ability of strontium to have a significant effect upon the parameters of regulation and maintenance of cellular homeostasis, by influencing the apoptosis intensity, due to shifting a balance towards necrosis and reducing expression of apoptosis-regulating factors. The results of this study may be used in order to identify some marker indexes of immune disorders potentially induced by external influence of strontium upon human health under specific environmental factors.
THE ROLE OF INTERLEUKIN 1β GENE POLYMORPHISM IN DEVELOPMENT OF PREDOMINANTY SENSORY CHRONIC INFLAMMATORY DEMYELINATING POLYNEUROPATHY
Authors: Popova T. E. , Shnayder N. A. , Petrova M. M. , Tappakhov A. A.
Published: January 2019

The aim of the present study was a search for associations between the polymorphic allelic variants 3954 C>T (rs1143644) and -511C>T (rs16944) of IL1B gene in the patients with sensory predominant chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathies (SP-CIDP) from Krasnoyarsk Region and the Sakha (Yakutia) Republic. A total of 95 people were examined, having been divided into 2 groups according to their residence. The first group consisted of 42 patients living in the Sakha (Yakutia) Republic. The second group included 53 patients living in the Krasnoyarsk Region. It was revealed that the carriers of homozygous CC genotype in the 3954C>T locus were more often detected in patients from the Sakha (Yakutia) Republic, and the carriage of TT genotype is found exclusively in the patients from Krasnoyarsk Region. When comparing the different genotype frequencies in the -511CT locus, we did not reveal any statistically significant differences between the two groups of patients. Presence of the CC genotype of the 3954C>T locus was associated with a significantly increased risk of disease in the patients from Sakha (Yakutia) Republic, while carrying CT and TT genotypes at the locus 3954C>T and the TT genotype at the locus -511C>T, is associated with increased risk disorder among patients of the Krasnoyarsk Region. The frequency of carriage of various genotypes in the 3954C>T and -511C>T loci of the IL1B gene was prevalent among the patients from the Sakha (Yakutia) Republic, the association of genotypes of CC/CT prevailed in patients from the Krasnoyarsk Region (p = 0.005), as well as prevalence of CC/CC and CC/CT (p = 0.023). However, there was no statistically significant difference in occurrence of individual genotypes between the two study groups. When analyzing the carrier frequency of high-producing alleles of 3954C and -511C in patients with SP-CIDP, it was shown that they were significantly more common among patients from the Sakha (Yakutia) Republic and patients from the Krasnoyarsk Region than the low-producing 3954T and -511T alleles. Moreover, the 3954C allele was more often found in the Yakut group (p = 0.001), and in the -511C allele for the Krasnoyarsk group of patients (p = 0.05). The presence of 3954C and -511C alleles increases the risk of SP-CIDP development in patients from the Sakha (Yakutia) Republic, as well as carriage of 3954T allele in patients from the Krasnoyarsk Region.
THE ROLE OF PREGNANCY-SPECIFIC GLYCOPROTEIN IN REGULATION OF MOLECULAR GENETIC DIFFERENTIATION MECHANISMS OF IMMUNE MEMORY T CELLS
Authors: Rayev M. B. , Litvinova L. S. , Yurova K. A. , Khaziakhmatova O. G. , Timganova V. P. , Bochkova M. S. , Khramtsov P. V. , Zamorina S. A.
Published: January 2019

The role of pregnancy-specific β1-glycoprotein (PSG) in the regulation of molecular genetic factors determining the functional activity of naїve T cells and T cells of immune memoryin vitrowas studied. Human PSG was isolated with a proprietary immuno-purification method using a biospecific sorbent followed by removing of immunoglobulin contamination with a HiTrapTMProtein G HP column. Physiological concentrations of PSG were used in the experiments. They corresponded to PSG levels in the peripheral blood of pregnant woman: 1, 10 and 100 μg/ml (I, II, III trimester, respectively). The objects of study were monocultures of naїve T cells (CD45RA+) and memory T cells (CD45R0+), obtained by immunomagnetic separation from the peripheral blood of women of reproductive age.

It was established that at the level of naїve T cells (CD45RA+) PSG inhibited the expression of CD28 (1, 10, 100 μg/ml) and CD25 (100 μg/ml), without affecting the interleukin-2 (IL-2) production by these cells. At the same time, PSG in all concentrations studied suppressed the expression of CD25 at the immune memory T-cell (CD45R0+) surface but increased the IL-2 production. Expression ofU2af1l4, Gfi1, hnRNPLLgenes regulating the alternative splicing of the Ptprc gene encoding CD45 was also evaluated. It was found, that PSG reduced the expression of theGfi1(1, 10, 100 μg/ml),hnRNPLL(10, 100 μg/ml) genes, but increased the expression of theU2af1l4gene (1, 10, 100 μg/ml) in the naїve T cells. It was shown that at the immune memory T-cells’ level the effects were similar, with PSG rendering them in all concentrations used. The revealed changes in the mRNA transcription ofU2af1l4,Gfi1andhnRNPLLgenes in the studied T cell subsets may lead to the inhibition of CD45 “mature” isoform formation – CD45R0.

Thus, PSG reduces the functional activity of naїve T cells and immune memory T cells associated with the expression of costimulation/activation molecules CD25 and CD28 and is involved in the regulation ofPtprcgene alternative splicing, which determines the ratio of CD45 molecule variants. Apparently, using these mechanisms, PSG regulates the functional activity of the memory T cell circulating pool, which is potentially capable of carrying out antigen-specific cytotoxic reactions against fetal antigens in vivo. In general, the data obtained broadens the notion of the PSG role in the regulation of molecular-genetic mechanisms of naїve T cells and immune memory T cells differentiation.