bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
On preferring A to B, while also preferring B to A
Authors: Sunstein Cass R.
Published: July 2018

In important contexts, people prefer option A to option B when they evaluate the two separately, but prefer option B to option A when they evaluate the two jointly. In consumer behavior, politics, and law, such preference reversals present serious puzzles about rationality and behavioral biases. They are often a product of the pervasive problem of “evaluability.” Some important characteristics of options are difficult or impossible to assess in separate evaluation, and hence choosers disregard or downplay them; those characteristics are much easier to assess in joint evaluation, where they might be decisive. But in joint evaluation, certain characteristics of options may receive excessive weight, because they do not affect much people’s actual experience or because the particular contrast between joint options distorts people’s judgments. In joint as well as separate evaluation, people are subject to manipulation, though for different reasons. It follows that neither mode of evaluation is reliable. The appropriate approach will vary depending on the goal of the task—increasing consumer welfare, preventing discrimination, achieving optimal deterrence, or something else. Under appropriate circumstances, global evaluation would be much better, but it is often not feasible. These conclusions bear on preference reversals in law and policy, where joint evaluation is often better, but where separate evaluation might ensure that certain characteristics or features of situations do not receive excessive weight.
Micromechanics of stress transfer in shape memory alloy reinforced three-phase composites
Authors: Taheri-Behrooz Fathollah , Mahdavizade Mohammad Javad , Ostadrahimi Alireza
Published: July 2018

Due to the weak interface in shape memory alloy wire–reinforced composites, the influence of interphase on the mechanical properties and stress distribution of hybrid composites is of considerable importance. In this article, a three-cylinder axisymmetric model using a pull-out test is developed to predict stress transfer and interfacial behavior between shape memory alloy wire, interphase, and matrix. In this article, only superelasticity behavior of the shape memory alloy wire is considered. Based on the stress function method and the principle of minimum complementary energy, stress distribution is derived for three different cases in terms of loading and boundary conditions (thermal loading model, intact model, and partially debonded model). Inhomogeneous interphase and different radial and hoop stress components in each phase are considered to achieve deeper physical understanding. Finite element analysis also performed to simulate stress transfer from the wire to the matrix through the interphase. To evaluate the accuracy of this model, the results of the work are compared with the results of the two-cylinder model proposed by Wang et al. and finite element results.
Self-consciousness: an I-World patterned process model
Authors: Díaz José-Luis
Published: July 2018

The self is herein recognized as self-consciousness, a broad dynamic system of self-recognition and self-reference. Eight psychosomatic and extended cognitive functions working as an interactive whole are proposed to constitute self-consciousness: (1) somatic domain and body image; (2) situation and domestic range; (3) agency and power to act; (4) introspection, mindfulness, and metacognition; (5) first person discourse and appropriation; (6) episodic memory, autobiography, and role; (7) attribution and alterity; (8) conscience, moral consciousness, and ethical stance. These functions, complemented with considerations about depersonalization and selflessness, are briefly defined and described. These subsystems may work independently but they may interact and variably coalesce according to the demands of the task. Since self-awareness would require a dynamic swarm-like activation pattern of the cluster, the self does not reside in particular brain sites or networks but depends on top-down and bottom-up mechanisms coupled with incoming and outgoing sensory-motor data loops. This psychophysical theory avoids the swing between internal and external elements in favor of an embracing I-World patterned process that comprises neural, bodily, behavioral, environmental, and social dimensions converging in the construction and expression of self-conscious and personal identity experiences integrated by a participant brain.
Concomitant Use of Psychotropic Medication With Stimulants for the Treatment of ADHD in Children and Adolescents: A Retrospective Insurance Claims Study in the United States
Authors: Zhou Zhou , Betts Keith A. , Bocharova Iryna , Kinrich David , Spalding William M.
Published: July 2018

Objective: To evaluate annual concomitant psychotropic medication use among stimulant-treated children/adolescents with ADHD. Method: Children/adolescents with ≥1 primary ADHD diagnosis who had received ≥30 days of stimulant medication were identified from insurance claims for each calendar year (2011-2014). Use of 15 psychotropic medications concomitantly with stimulants was evaluated and their prevalence in each year was calculated overall and by medication category for children (6-12 years) and adolescents (13-17 years). Results: Each year 133,354 to 157,303 children and 95,632 to 111,280 adolescents were included. Annual period prevalence of any concomitant psychotropic medication use was 22.9% to 25.0% for children and 25.2% to 28.2% for adolescents. The most common medication categories included selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (children: 6.8%-7.9%; adolescents: 12.7%-14.9%), atypical antipsychotics (4.2%-5.4%; 5.3%-6.3%), and guanfacine extended release (5.1%-7.0%; 2.3%-3.6%). Conclusion: Around a quarter of children/adolescents with ADHD were prescribed psychotropic medication concomitant to stimulant treatment, although only 2 of the 15 medication classes studied were Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved for adjunctive use.
Combination of Empagliflozin and Metformin Therapy: A Consideration of its Place in Type 2 Diabetes Therapy
Authors: Goldman Jennifer D
Published: July 2018

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is characterized by multiple metabolic abnormalities and current approaches to treatment involve a stepwise approach, frequently involving the use of combination therapy. The addition of the sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitor, empagliflozin, to metformin therapy has been shown to be effective and well tolerated in patients with T2DM and is 1 of the several recommended treatment options. The publication of the EMPA-REG OUTCOME study, which showed that empagliflozin is associated with cardiovascular (CV) and renal benefits, has resulted in changes in treatment guidelines for T2DM. Because many patients with T2DM will require treatment with more than 1 glucose-lowering agent, consideration of the role of empagliflozin in combination therapy is relevant. The clinical data reviewed show that the combination of empagliflozin/metformin offers the potential to improve glycemic control in T2DM and reduces body weight and blood pressure, vs each agent individually, with a manageable risk profile. This combination could be suitable for patients with T2DM who are inadequately controlled by metformin, in particular, for patients who would benefit from modest reductions in blood pressure and body weight or who have risk factors for CV disease or declining renal function. Empagliflozin/metformin is also available as a single-pill combination, which has the potential to provide a simplified treatment regimen and could lead to improved clinical outcomes compared with coadministration of individual tablets.
Histopathological correlation of diffusion basis spectrum imaging metrics of a biopsy-proven inflammatory demyelinating brain lesion: A brief report
Authors: Shirani Afsaneh , Sun Peng , Schmidt Robert E , Trinkaus Kathryn , Naismith Robert T , Song Sheng-Kwei , Cross Anne H
Published: July 2018

Diffusion basis spectrum imaging (DBSI) models diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) signals as a combination of discrete anisotropic diffusion tensors and a spectrum of isotropic diffusion tensors. Here, we report the histopathological correlates of DBSI in the biopsied brain tissue of a patient with an inflammatory demyelinating lesion typical of multiple sclerosis (MS). Increased radial diffusivity (marker of demyelination), decreased fiber fraction (apparent axonal density), elevated nonrestricted isotropic fraction (marker of vasogenic edema), but unchanged axial diffusivity (marker of integrity of residual axons) seen in the lesion appeared consistent with histopathological findings of inflammatory demyelination with relative axonal sparing. Our report supports the application of DBSI as a biomarker in human studies of MS.
Suicidal ideation in non-depressed individuals: The effects of a chronic, misunderstood illness
Authors: Devendorf Andrew R , McManimen Stephanie L , Jason Leonard A
Published: July 2018

Chronic illness is a risk factor for suicide but is often explained with depression. Research has shown an increased suicide rate in patients with myalgic encephalomyelitis and chronic fatigue syndrome, but specific risk factors have been unexplored. We qualitatively analyzed responses from 29 patients who endorsed suicidal ideation but did not meet depression criteria. Two themes were developed: (1) feeling trapped and (2) loss of self, loss of others, stigma and conflict. Myalgic encephalomyelitis and chronic fatigue syndrome caused patients severe disability, restructured their lives, and inflicted serious pain. Participants emphasized that they were not depressed, but felt trapped by the lack of treatments available.
Experimental investigation on the applicability of geogrid: A comparison between conventional and hybrid-reinforced irregular reinforced concrete members
Authors: Özkal Fatih Mehmet
Published: July 2018

Since geogrid is a new and under-researched material in terms of reinforced concrete members, this study focuses on the experimental validation of the feasibility of this material to be used instead of steel rebars. Despite the apparent mechanical disadvantages of geogrid, higher durability and special applicability in harsh environments are significant advantages of the material. A total of 18 deep beams as nine unique models with various web-openings have been tested in this study. Each one of the conjugate test samples was designed conventionally by steel reinforcements, while the other one was designed by hybridizing geogrid and steel as the web reinforcement. Comparison of the structural performance and applicability of geogrid, which is used as the web reinforcement instead of steel, in terms of the flexural and mostly the shear strength of concrete members, is the main goal of the research. Because of the complexity depending on their geometrical irregularities, deep beams with web-openings were experimentally investigated for the validation of the feasible use of geogrid material. Experimental comparison of the deep beams, which have been subjected to flexural testing, revealed that geogrid has a remarkable contribution to the structural performance of reinforced concrete members. Alongside the advantage of geogrid’s structural flexibility and especially the bonding performance, higher ductility and stiffness levels of hybrid beams highlight the eligibility of geogrid to be used instead of steel rebars in reinforced concrete structures.
Partisan Ambivalence, Partisan Intensity, and Racial Attitudes: The Impact of Shifting Policy Positions on Partisan Evaluations in the 1960s
Authors: Lupton Robert N. , Thornton Judd R.
Published: July 2018

The concept of ambivalence is important to the study of political psychology and behavior. We examine the causes of partisan ambivalence following the passage of major civil rights legislation to test our argument that the correlates of ambivalence will change following the alteration of long-standing party positions on a highly salient issue. We find support for this hypothesis for White Southerners during this time period—Indeed, our results demonstrate that the strength of one’s partisan attachment is unrelated to partisan evaluations for such individuals immediately following the passage of major civil rights legislation, but is again a predictor by the early 1970s.
Caregiver Strategies to Enhance Participation in Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Schiavone Nicole , Szczepanik David , Koutras John , Pfeiffer Beth , Slugg Laura
Published: July 2018

Participation is necessary for childhood development, however, children with disabilities participate in fewer activities than their nondisabled peers. This study identified strategies caregivers use to increase participation in home- and community-based activities for children with autism spectrum disorder. Survey responses of 44 caregivers were analyzed through open and axial coding to develop a central theme and five broad themes. Caregiver strategies which produce a participation outcome fell into five themes: (a) adapters/facilitators, (b) pragmatic considerations, (c) social reframing, (d) sensory adjustments, and (e) desperate measures. Nonproductive strategies were identified where the child did not participate in the activity. Adaptations/facilitators were more likely used in the home, whereas community-based strategies were more often pragmatic considerations. Nonproductive strategies occurred more frequently in the community. When evaluating a child’s participation, occupational therapy (OT) practitioners should take into consideration the context of the activity to identify appropriate and helpful strategies.
A multi-agent framework for cloud-based management of collaborative robots
Authors: Samad Tooba , Iqbal Sohail , Malik Asad Waqar , Arif Omar , Bloodsworth Peter
Published: July 2018

This article presents a cloud-based multi-agent architecture for the intelligent management of aerial robots in a disaster response situation. In a disaster scenario, a team of highly maneuverable quadcopters is deployed to carry out surveillance and decision support in disaster-affected areas. In Pakistan, such events usually result from sudden unpredictable calamities such as earthquakes. The aim of this work is to develop a robust mechanism to autonomously manage and react to sensory inputs received in soft real time from an unstructured environment. The immediate goal is to locate the maximum number of trapped, injured people within a large area, and help first responders plan rescue activities accordingly. To evaluate the proposed framework, a number of simulations are carried out using GAMA platform to emulate a disaster environment. Subsequently, algorithms are developed to survey an affected geographical area through the use of small flight drones. The key challenges in this work are related to the combination of the domains of multi-agent technology, robotics, and cloud computing for effectively bridging the cyber world with the physical world. Therefore, the proposed work demonstrates the effective use of a limited number of drones to capture inputs from a disaster situation in the physical world, and such inputs are used for timely planning of rescue efforts. The results of fixed resource assignment are compared with the proposed reactive assignment strategy, and it clearly shows a significant improvement in terms of resource usage compared to traditional approach.
Risk Factors for Perinatal Arterial Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Munoz Daniela , Hidalgo María José , Balut Fernanda , Troncoso Mónica , Lara Susana , Barrios Andrés , Parra Patricia
Published: July 2018

Introduction:

Arterial ischemic stroke in newborns is an important cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality. Its pathophysiology and associated risk factors are not yet clearly understood and defined.

Objective:

The aim of this retrospective study was to investigate possible risk factors in diagnosed cases of PAIS (perinatal arterial ischemic stroke).

Materials and methods:

Case–control study. Clinical data of patients with PAIS diagnosis were analyzed. Two healthy controls were selected for each PAIS case, matched for gestational age. Risk factors were explored using univariable and multivariable analysis.

Outcome:

40 patients were included in the study, 24 males and 16 females; 52.5% of cases were diagnosed within the first month of birth, and 47.5% were retrospectively diagnosed. The results showed a male predominance (66.7%). The distribution of cerebral ischemic injury was predominantly medial cerebral artery (87.5%) and occurred more commonly in the left cerebral hemisphere (62.5%). Significant risk factors in the univariate analysis (P < 0.05) were primiparity, stillbirth, neonatal sepsis, asphyxia, twin pregnancy, placenta abruption, emergency cesarean section, Apgar score ≤7 after 5 min, breech presentation, and hyperbilirubinemia. In the multivariate analysis, primiparity (OR 11.74; CI 3.28–42.02), emergency cesarean section (OR 13.79; CI 3.51–54.13), birth asphyxia (OR 40.55; CI 3.08–532.94) and Apgar score ≤7 after 5 min (OR 13.75; CI 1.03–364.03) were significantly associated factors with PAIS. Only five (16.6%) patients had an abnormal thrombophilia study.

Conclusion:

Risk factors of primiparity, emergency cesarean section, birth asphyxia, and Apgar score ≤7 after 5 min were significantly associated with perinatal stroke. More studies with a larger number of patients and with prolonged follow up are required to establish more clearly the associated risk factors involved in this pathology.
Emotion Norms in Media: Acculturation in Hispanic Children’s Storybooks Compared to Heritage and Mainstream Cultures
Authors: Sanders Victoria R. , Friedlmeier Wolfgang , Sanchez Gonzalez Mayra L.
Published: July 2018

Cultural artifacts such as children’s storybooks may serve to facilitate learning of emotion display norms. We compared emotion displays in European American and Mexican books to infer cultural differences between the mainstream and a heritage culture to ultimately explore acculturation orientation in Hispanic storybooks. Totally, 1,059 images were coded from 10 popular storybooks from each cultural group. We focused on emotion type (positive, negative socially engaging, and disengaging) and intensity of expression. Context variables such as social partners and gender were also compared. Positive emotions were dominant in all groups, occurring most in Hispanic storybooks; Mexican and Hispanic storybooks displayed negative socially disengaging emotions less than negative socially engaging emotions. Hispanic storybooks displayed lowest intensity of expression, especially for female characters. Results indicated that Hispanic storybooks showed similarities to the mainstream culture in general features and similarities to the heritage culture in emotion-type display. However, some emotion norms deviated from both groups, indicating minority effects of Hispanic culture.
Systematic review of drug effects in humans and models with surfactant-processing disease
Authors: Klay Dymph , Hoffman Thijs W. , Harmsze Ankie M. , Grutters Jan C. , van Moorsel Coline H.M.
Published: July 2018

Fibrotic interstitial pneumonias are a group of rare diseases characterised by distortion of lung interstitium. Patients with mutations in surfactant-processing genes, such as surfactant protein C (SFTPC), surfactant protein A1 and A2 (SFTPA1andA2), ATP binding cassette A3 (ABCA3) and Hermansky–Pudlak syndrome (HPS1,2and4), develop progressive pulmonary fibrosis, often culminating in fatal respiratory insufficiency. Although many mutations have been described, little is known about the optimal treatment strategy for fibrotic interstitial pneumonia patients with surfactant-processing mutations.

We performed a systematic literature review of studies that described a drug effect in patients, cell or mouse models with a surfactant-processing mutation. In total, 73 articles were selected, consisting of 55 interstitial lung disease case reports/series, two clinical trials and 16 cell or mouse studies. Clinical effect parameters included lung function, radiological characteristics and clinical symptoms, while experimental outcome parameters included chemokine/cytokine expression, surfactant trafficking, necrosis and apoptosis. SP600125, a c-jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) inhibitor, hydroxychloroquine and 4-phenylbutyric acid were most frequently studied in disease models and lead to variable outcomes, suggesting that outcome is mutation dependent.

This systematic review summarises effect parameters for future studies on surfactant-processing disorders in disease models and provides directions for future trials in affected patients.
Endogenous expression mapping of malignant melanoma by mass spectrometry imaging
Authors: Sugihara Yutaka , Rivas Daniel , Malm Johan , Szasz Marcell , Kwon HoJeong , Baldetorp Bo , Olsson Håkan , Ingvar Christian , Rezeli Melinda , Fehniger Thomas E. , Marko‐Varga György
Published: July 2018

Background

Currently, only a limited number of molecular biomarkers for malignant melanoma exist. This is the case for both diagnosing the disease, staging, and efficiently measuring the response to therapy by tracing the progression of disease development and drug impact. There is a great need to identify novel landmarks of disease progression and alterations.

Methods

Matrix‐assisted laser desorption ionisation mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI‐MSI) has been developed within our group to study drug localisation within micro‐environmental tissue compartments. Here, we expand further on this technology development and introduce for the first time melanoma tumour tissues to map metabolite localisation utilising high resolution mass spectrometry. MALDI‐MSI can measure and localise the distribution pattern of a number of small molecule metabolites within tissue compartments of tumours isolated from melanoma patients. Data on direct measurements of metabolite identities attained at the local sites in tissue compartments has not been readily available as a measure of a clinical index for most cancer diseases. The current development on the mapping of endogenous molecular expression melanoma tumours by mass spectrometry imaging focuses on the establishment of a cancer tissue preparation process whereby a matrix crystal formation is homogenously built on the tissue surface, providing uniform molecular mapping. We apply this micro‐preparation technology to disease presentation by mapping the molecular signatures from patient tumour sections.

Results

We have automated the process with a micro‐technological dispensing platform. This provides the basis for thin film generation of the cancer patient tissues prior to imaging screening. Compartmentalisation of the tumour regions are displayed within the image analysis interfaced with histopathological grading and characterisation.

Conclusions

This enables site localisation within the tumour with image mapping to disease target areas such as melanoma cells, macrophages, and lymphocytes.
Seismic resolution enhancement using scale transform in the time-frequency domain
Authors: Alaei Niloofar , Roshandel Kahoo Amin , Kamkar Rouhani Abolghasem , Soleimani Mehrdad
Published: July 2018

Reducing uncertainty in geologic interpretation of petroleum reservoir containing thin layers requires increasing vertical resolution via appropriate advanced resolution enhancement methods. This problem was resolved here by introducing an alternative approach in resolution enhancement. Our method uses Gabor deconvolution (GD) combined with wavelet scaling. First, the seismic trace is transformed in the time-frequency domain using the Gabor transform. Subsequently, the Gabor magnitude spectrum of the seismic trace is smoothed to estimate the wavelet magnitude, which is then divided by the original value on the Gabor magnitude spectrum along the frequency axis to design a scale transformation filter. Finally, the filtered Gabor magnitude spectrum of the seismic trace is transformed back to the time domain using an inverse Gabor transformation. The result of using this technique is an increase of the dominant frequency, which produces a higher resolution of the seismic trace compared with using only the original GD. This method was applied to two synthetic and one field seismic data sets and compared with using only a GD. After applying the new approach, all three data sets indicate an extension in bandwidth (BW) and an enhancement in the resolution adequate for thin-layer seismic interpretation. When compared with the data sets using only a GD, the new approach produced comparable extension in the effective BW, while it pushing the dominant frequency to higher values. This allowed the imaging of many thin layers and geologic intervals in the field data example that could not be interpreted by the GD method.
Transversalis Fascia Plane Block for the Treatment of Chronic Postherniorrhaphy Inguinal Pain: A Case Report
Authors: Choudhary Jaya , Mishra Amiya K. , Jadhav Raju
Published: July 2018

Chronic neuropathic pain is a well-recognized complication of inguinal hernia repair. We report a 47-year-old man suffering from chronic neuropathic postherniorrhaphy pain. Planned ilioinguinal and iliohypogastric nerve blocks were not possible because excessive surgical scarring had distorted the sonoanatomy. We therefore performed transversalis fascia plane block with local anesthetic and steroid that resulted in long-term pain relief. This block has been successfully used in the past for providing postoperative analgesia in the L1 dermatome, but its role in chronic pain is unreported.
Difficult Removal of a Nasogastric Tube Because of Knot Formation Around a Nasotracheal Tube: A Case Report
Authors: Abe Sayumi , Osaka Yoshimune , Morita Yoshihisa
Published: July 2018

Knotting of a nasogastric (NG) tube around a left nasotracheal tube occurred in the pharynx during its blind insertion via the right nares. Unusual resistance was encountered during its advancement and attempted withdrawal. The nasotracheal tube moved in tandem with the NG tube. The NG tube was cut and the lower portion removed via the mouth and the upper portion removed via the right nares.
Use of an Airway Exchange Catheter-Assisted Extubation With Continuous End-Tidal Carbon Dioxide Monitoring in a Pediatric Patient With a Known Difficult Airway: A Case Report
Authors: Yegian Courtney C. , Volz Lana M. , Galgon Richard E.
Published: July 2018

Tracheal extubation in children with known difficult airways is associated with an increased risk of adverse events. Currently, there is no reliable measure to predict the need for emergent reintubation due to airway inadequacy. Airway exchange catheter–assisted extubation has been shown to be a useful adjunct in decreasing the risk of adverse events due to failed extubation. We report a case of using an airway exchange catheter–assisted extubation with continuous end-tidal carbon dioxide monitoring for a pediatric patient with a known difficult airway.
One Laryngospasm, 2 Realities: A Case Report Highlighting the Impact of Data Granularity on Post Hoc Analysis of Perioperative Events
Authors: Simpao Allan F. , Ma Annie A. , Tan Jonathan M. , Wasey Jack O. , Masino Aaron J. , Gálvez Jorge A.
Published: July 2018

We present the case of a laryngospasm event in a 21-month-old child in which the changes in pulse oximetry and end-tidal carbon dioxide were recorded by both our Anesthesia Information Management System and middleware medical device integration platform. When this case was analyzed retrospectively, we noted that the 2 systems recorded the event very differently with respect to pulse oximetry. This case report illustrates the impact of data sampling rates on post hoc analysis of perioperative events and highlights the importance of understanding data collection processes when using electronically recorded data.
Ultrasonographic Diagnosis for Dysfunction of the Diaphragm After Iatrogenic Tension Pneumoperitoneum by a Gastrointestinal Endoscopic Procedure: A Case Report
Authors: Hazama Keita , Toda Yuichiro , Nakatsuka Hideki , Fujita Yoshihisa
Published: July 2018

There are various causes of dysfunction of the diaphragm. We present a case of diaphragm dysfunction caused by an excessive pneumoperitoneum in a 65-year-old woman. Her abdomen became distended during endoscopic investigation and circulatory failure occurred. A computed tomography scan revealed excessive pneumoperitoneum. Urgent laparotomy was performed to repair gastric perforation. Tracheal extubation was successfully performed in the intensive care unit. After extubation, a paradoxical breathing pattern appeared in addition to tachypnea. A diagnosis of dysfunction of the bilateral diaphragm was made by ultrasonography. Although nasal high-flow cannula therapy was required for several days, she was discharged from our hospital 2 weeks after surgery without any further complications. We should keep in mind that diaphragm dysfunction after excessive abdominal extension can be a cause of respiratory failure.
Intravital microscopy of collective invasion plasticity in breast cancer
Authors: Ilina Olga , Campanello Leonard , Gritsenko Pavlo G. , Vullings Manon , Wang Chenlu , Bult Peter , Losert Wolfgang , Friedl Peter
Published: July 2018

Cancer invasion programs are adaptive by switching between metastatic collective and single-cell dissemination; however, current intravital microscopy models for epithelial cancer in mice fail to reliably recreate such invasion plasticity. Using microimplantation of breast cancer spheroids into the murine mammary fat pad and live-cell monitoring, we show microenvironmental conditions and cytoskeletal adaptation during collective to single-cell transition in vivo. E-cadherin-expressing 4T1 and E-cadherin-negative MMT tumors both initiated collective invasion along stromal structures, reflecting invasion patterns in 3D organotypic culture and human primary ductal and lobular carcinoma. Collectively invading cells developed weakly oscillatory actin dynamics, yet provided zones for single-cell transitions with accentuated, more chaotic actin fluctuations. This identifies collective invasion in vivo as a dynamic niche and efficient source for single-cell release.
Understanding alcohol-related liver disease patients' illness beliefs and views about their medicine
Authors: Presky Jonathan , Webzell Ian , Murrells Trevor , Heaton Nigel , Lau-Walker Margaret
Published: July 2018

Background:

people with alcohol-related liver disease require complex treatment plans that often include the need for medication for the rest of their lives. Between 30% and 50% of all patients do not take their treatment as prescribed, leading to a significantly increased risk of morbidity and mortality.

Aim:

to consider the factors which influence beliefs held by patients with alcohol-related liver disease about their medication to provide an evidence base to support interventions to reduce medication non-adherence. Method: an observational cross-sectional patient survey.

Results:

statistically significant associations were found between positive attitudes towards medication and the illness representation dimensions of ‘illness identity’ and ‘illness comprehension’.

Conclusions:

medication adherence in patients with alcohol-related liver disease is likely to be improved by an intervention that strives to improve the patient's understanding of their illness condition and their perception of their illness symptoms.
A Comparative Analysis of Classificaton methods for Diagnosis of Lower Back Pain
Authors: Bhatt Mittal , Dahiya Vishal , Singh Arvind K.
Published: July 2018

In this paper different classification methods are compared using base and meta(Combination of Multiple Classifier for training) level classifiers, for the fruitful diagnosis of Lower Back Pain. The Lower Back Pain becomes chronic with age, so needs to be correctly diagnose with symptoms in the early age. Five independent classifiers were implemented at base level and meta level. At meta level, five combinations of different classifiers were implemented, using voting technique. According to the scores, the overall classification using Naïve Bayes and Multilayer Perceptron got the maximum efficiency 83.87%. The purpose of this paper is to diagnose healthy individuals efficiently. To carry out study the Lower Back Pain Symptoms Dataset is used from very famous platform for predictive modeling, Kaggle. The experiments were carried out in WEKA (Waikato Environment for Knowledge Analysis), suite of machine learning software1.
Effects of pruning on growth and yield of cucumber (Cucumis sativus) Mercy variety in The acid soil of North Kalimantan, Indonesia
Authors: MARDHIANA MARDHIANA , PRADANA ANKARDIANSYAH PANDU , ADIWENA MUH. , KARTINA KARTINA , SANTOSO DWI , WIJAYA RIZZA , MALIKI ANAS
Published: July 2018

Mardhiana, Pradana AP, Adiwena M, Kartina, Santoso D, Wijaya R, Maliki A. 2017. Effects of pruning on growth and yield of cucumber (Cucumis sativus) Mercy variety in The acid soil of North Kalimantan, Indonesia. Cell Biol Dev 1: 13-17. In recent years, cucumber production in Tarakan, North Kalimantan only reaches 20 tons ha-1. In fact, cucumber production potential could reach 49 tons ha-1. Several factors that limit the low productivity of cucumbers in Tarakan are acid soil and cultivation techniques which are still limited. This study aimed to determine the effect of pruning on the growth and yield of cucumbers in acid soil in Tarakan. The study was conducted using Randomized Complete Block Design with the treatment of without pruning (P0), shoot of prunings on the main stem (P1), pruning of whole lateral branches above the third section (P2), and pruning of 2 lateral branches that emerged first above the third section (P4). The results showed that plant height was 16.17% (P1) and 2.26% (P2) lower also 0.13% higher (P3) than the control (P0). The highest number of leaves was found in treatment P1 (16.19%) compared to P0. The best fruit diameter was also found in P1 treatment with 4.93% difference compared to P0. Furthermore, a highly significant and the best result on weight per fruit were also obtained by P1 treatment. The results showed that the fruit weight of P1 treatment (11.39%) was higher than P0. This study provided new information that the pruning treatment of shoots on the main stem of cucumber variety Mercy in acid soil could increase the diameter and weight of cucumber.
Toxicity of Randia nilotica fruit extract on Schistosoma mansoni, Biomphalaria pfeifferi and Bulinus truncatus
Authors: EBODI ALADDIN YOUSIF ELTEIB , AHMED MOHAMMED MAGZOUB
Published: July 2018

Ebodi AYE, Ahmed MM. 2017. Toxicity of Randia nilotica fruit extract on Schistosoma mansoni, Biomphalaria pfeifferi and Bulinus truncatus. Cell Bio Dev 1 (1): 23-30. The aqueous filtered and unfiltered extract of the fruits of Randia nilotica (locally name as Shagarat El-Murfaein) were assessed as molluscicides against Biomphalaria pfeifferi and Bulinus truncatus as well as their effect on cercariae and miracidia of Schistosoma mansoni. The plant was tested on uninfected B. pfeifferi and B. truncatus, the results showed that unfiltered extracts were found relatively more potent than filtered one (i.e. 100% was attained at 90 ppm and 80 ppm) respectively. While, filtered extract tested on uninfected B. pfeifferi and B. truncatus (100% was attained at 100 ppm and 90 ppm) respectively. The effect of unfiltered extract on infected B. pfeifferi produced 100% mortality in concentration of 70 ppm. The activity of the plant on cercariae and miracidia revealed that cercariae was more resistance than miracidia (i.e.50 ppm killed all cercariae within 3 hours while killed miracidia within 2 hours. The results were statistically analyzed and discussed, and the findings were promising and could open new avenues for the practical use of the plant at the field.
Carbonization of Palm Oil Empty Fruit Bunch (EFB) in Hydrothermal Processes to Produce Biochar
Authors: Sarwono Rakhman , Tursiloadi Silvester , Sembiring Kiky Corneliasari
Published: July 2018

ABSTRACT Empty fruit bunch (EFB) of palm oil is a waste from the palm oil industries which in a large amount, those waste is not properly utilized yet. EFB is a lignocelluloses waste as a polymer with big molecule such as cellulose, lignin, and hemicelluloses that can be degraded into smaller molecules in hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) process. The HTC process of EFB will result three fractions such as gas, organic water soluble and biochar as solid residue or bio-char-water-slurry. EFB degradation is influenced by the operation conditions such as temperature, pressure, catalysts, reaction time, stirring and ratio liquid and solid. The HTC process involved many routes of reaction such as liquefaction, hydrolysis, dehydration, decarboxylation, condensation, aromatization, and polymerization. In this experiment 60 ml closed vessel was used as the HTC reactor to degrade of EFB. EFB concentration of 6.44% resulted 62% of conversion. Reaction time of 6 hours resulted 62 % of conversion. Increasing the reaction time and temperature increase the conversion of EFB. Liquid products of organic water soluble has cleared yellow color, after several hours the color become darkness that is further reaction still occurs in that solution. Solid products is biochar as brown coal, that can be easily separated and processed into powder, pellet or briquette form with outstanding storage and transport characteristics. For further economic development, biochar with excellent transport characteristics, the possibility of exporting this commodity to the worlds energy market is possible. Key words: EFB, hydrothermal, carbonization, conversion, biochar
Preparation of Alkyl Halide as Intermediate Compound in Synthesis Cationic Surfactant Alkyl Trimethyl Ammonium Chloride
Authors: Sari Asdani Muatika , Suryani Ani , Lotulung Puspa Dewi , Tursiloadi Silvester
Published: July 2018

Cationic surfactant alkyl trimethyl ammonium chloride was synthesized by quartenerisation of tertiary amines. Materials used in quartenerization are tertiary amine and alkyl halide. Alkyl halide is a hydrocarbon derivative in which one or more hydrogen is replaced with halogen. In this research, thionyl chloride is used as a reactant . Thionyl chloride (SOCl2) is often used because it is easier to make, the yield is greater and byproducts are volatile. Alkyl halide is synthesized from the reaction of hexadecyl alcohol with thionyl chloride (SOCl2) at a temperature of 80 C for 24 hours in a reflux reactor. This study managed to get hexadecyl chloride from the reaction hexadecyl alcohol and thionyl chloride. It can be seen from the results of FTIR, LC/MS and GC/MS
The Protection of Indigenous Peoples’ Seed Rights during Ethnobotanical Research
Authors: McCune Letitia M.
Published: July 2018

Recognition of the importance of biodiversity for global food security and the community food sustainability movement has helped increase awareness of seed rights. International treaties created to ensure the world’s access to seed biodiversity address access to seed banks for breeding purposes. Ethnobotanists are often required to deposit research plant specimens with government seed banks or herbariums. If Indigenous Peoples’ plants are then used developing patented varieties, are their rights recognized? These rights depend upon recognition of Indigenous Peoples as plant breeders, prior informed consent (PIC) protocols, access and benefit sharing (ABS) agreements via material transfer agreements, and benefits returned to Indigenous and local communities per the Nagoya Protocol. To ensure such rights to genetic material and associated intellectual property rights, documentation of these agreements and links to the people and communities from which they originated needs to occur at first collection and throughout subsequent research, conservation, and breeding programs.
Analysis of Last Development Results for High Voltage Circuit-breakers Using New G3 Gas
Authors: Robin-Jouan P. , Bousoltane K. , Kieffel Y. , Trepanier J. Y. , Camarero R. , Arabi S. , Pernaudat G.
Published: July 2018

Among many alternative gases proposed to replace SF6 as insulating gas, g3 (green gas for grid), fluoronitril based component officially introduced at CIGRE 2014, can be now used for insulation projects and new environmental friendly circuit breakers. This gas mixture g3, presents a reduction of the global warming potential by 98% compared to SF6 gas and shows quite good dielectric withstand capability. Many new investigations about thermal and chemical behavior have been done and are precised in this paper. Last switching test campaigns will be presented for 145 kV applications. Simulation tools should be updated to be applicable to these projects. Developments and comparisons with last test results will be analyzed.
Vacuum Arc Ion Flux From Vacuum Interrupter Contact Gap
Authors: Kurrat M.
Published: July 2018

Dielectric properties of vacuum interrupters are influenced by metal vapour deposition on the inner ceramic surfaces. Therefore these surfaces are partly protected by shield electrodes. The metal vapour originates from the vacuum arc in the contact gap during switching off process. Metal layer thickness on ceramics after switching operations were measured by Gramberg and the negative effect on dielectric performance was demonstrated. In this paper we address the principle transport process of metal vapour in vacuum interrupters. Duning and Beilis performed ion flux measurements from vacuum arcs. We regard experiments with 5 kA effective arc current. There seems to be experimental evidence that the final particle transport onto the ceramic surface within a shield gap can be explained by particle tracing. The measured deposited layer thickness is taken as quantity to validate vapour densities and transport processes in vacuum interrupters.
Determination of Cr Density in the Active Phase of a High-current Vacuum Arcs
Authors: Gortschakow S. , Khakpour A. , Popov S. , Franke St. , Methling R. , Uhrlandt D.
Published: July 2018

Melting and evaporation of the anode surface strongly influence the interruption capability of vacuum circuit breakers, because they lead to injection of atomic vapour into the inter-electrode gap. Determination of the vapour density and its dynamics with respect to different anode phenomena is therefore of great importance. Results of Cr density measurements in a high-current vacuum arc by using broadband absorption spectroscopy are presented. The vapour density of atomic Cr is determined after the formation of anode spots as well as close to the current zero. Cr I resonance lines at 425.43 nm have been used for the analysis. An AC current pulse with maximum value of 7 kA and a frequency of 100 Hz is applied to a vacuum arc between two cylindrical butt electrodes made of CuCr7525 with a diameter of 10 mm. The high-current anode modes are observed by means of high-speed camera imaging. The temporal evolution of the Cr ground state density is presented and discussed.
The results of German European policy under Angela Merkel (2005–2017)
Authors: KOSZEL BOGDAN
Published: July 2018

W okresie rządów trzech gabinetów kanclerz A. Merkel Niemcy stały się niekwestionowanym liderem Unii Europejskiej. Dzięki olbrzymiemu potencjałowi gospodarczemu i słabości najważniejszych partnerów – Francji i Wielkiej Brytanii udało się im narzucić swoje rozwiązania w kwestii wyjścia z kryzysu strefy euro i rozwiązania konfliktu na Ukrainie. Z dużą trudnością przyszło im jednak doprowadzenie do europeizacji problemu uchodźców. Raczej o porażkach można było mówić w kwestii Eurokonstytucji i realizacji Europejskiej Polityki Sąsiedztwa.
Migracje z Europy Wschodniej – szanse i zagrożenia dla Unii Europejskiej
Authors: SZABACIUK ANDRZEJ
Published: July 2018

Celem artykułu jest analiza sytuacji migracyjnej Unii Europejskiej w kontekście procesów społeczno-politycznych obserwowanych w najbliższym sąsiedztwie zjednoczonej Europy. Przybliżymy w skrócie podstawowe wyzwania, z jakimi zmierzyć się musi obecnie Unia Europejska, w kontekście masowego napływu imigrantów/uchodźców z Południa, naświetlimy mało znany problem migracji zarobkowych z państw obszaru poradzieckiego oraz podejmiemy próbę oceny potencjalnych skutków wspomnianego zjawiska.
Grupa Wyszehradzka – nowe wyzwania bezpieczeństwa i perspektywy współpracy
Authors: KUŻELEWSKA ELŻBIETA , BARTNICKI ADAM R.
Published: July 2018

Artykuł poddaje analizie ramy współpracy państw Grupy Wyszehradzkiej, problemy jej funkcjonowania w obliczu nowych wyzwań bezpieczeństwa w Europie. Podejmuje próbę nakreślenia perspektyw organizacji w zmieniającym się środowisku geopolitycznym i wskazania obszarów, w których współpraca między państwami V4 układa się dobrze. Omawiane są kwestie wspólnego rynku gazowego i elektrycznego dla Europy Środkowej, różnice potencjałów militarnych oraz pozycji zajmowanej przez V4 w UE.
Podążając ekolingwistycznymi śladami Jubilata, Profesora Stanisława Puppla: Czy nauczyciel języka angielskiego i jego kompetencje językowo-komunikacyjne w środowisku szkolnym są wciąż istotne we współczesnym zglobalizowanym świecie?
Authors: Filar-Pieczkowska Judyta
Published: July 2018

Podążając ekolingwistycznymi śladami Jubilata, Profesora Stanisława Puppla: Czy nauczyciel języka angielskiego i jego kompetencje językowo-komunikacyjne w środowisku szkolnym są wciąż istotne we współczesnym zglobalizowanym świecie?
FSU: zwischen Mündlichkeit und Schriftlichkeit
Authors: Skowronek Barbara , Putowska Aleksandra
Published: July 2018

FSU: zwischen Mündlichkeit und Schriftlichkeit
Wielki Teatr śpiewem owiany
Authors: Gałęska-Tritt Jadwiga
Published: July 2018

Wielki Teatr śpiewem owiany
Wizerunek i wskaźnikowość układów ciała ludzkiego w reklamie na przykładzie polskiej prasy kobiecej – badanie i uwagi wstępne
Authors: Kowalewska Kinga , Puppel Joanna
Published: July 2018

Wizerunek i wskaźnikowość układów ciała ludzkiego w reklamie na przykładziepolskiej prasy kobiecej – badanie i uwagi wstępne
The Accuracy of ACR TI-RADS Classification of Neck Ultrasound as a First-Line Diagnostic Approach for Thyroid Neoplasms in Pediatric Patients: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Grachev Nikolai S. , Feoktistova Elena V. , Vorozhtsov Igor N. , Babaskina Natalia V. , Iaremenko Ekaterina Yu. , Shubin Dmitrii I.
Published: July 2018

Background.Ultrasound (US)-guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) is the gold standard in diagnosing the pathological nature of undetermined thyroid nodules. However, in some instances limitations and shortcomings arise, making it insufficient for determining a specific diagnosis.Objective.Our aim was to evaluate the effectiveness of ACR TI-RADS classification of neck ultrasound as a first-line diagnostic approach for thyroid neoplasms in pediatric patients.Methods.A retrospective analysis was made of FNA and US protocols in 70 patients who underwent the examination and treatment at Dmitry Rogachev National Research Center between January 2012 and August 2017. In the retrospective series 70% (49/70) of patients undergone FNA and 43% (30/70) of them undergone repeated FNA. All US protocols were interpreted according to ACR TI-RADS system by the two independent experts. The clinical judgment was assessed using the concordance test and the reliability of preoperative diagnostic methods was analized.Results.According to histologic examination protocols, benign nodules reported greater multimorbidity 29% (20/70), compared with thyroid cancer 17% (12/70), complicating FNA procedure. A statistically significant predictor of thyroid cancer with a tumor size ACR TI-RADS showed a significant advantage of ACR TI-RADS due to higher sensitivity (97.6 vs 60%), specificity (78.6 vs 53.8%), positive predictive value (87.2 vs 71.4%), and negative predictive value (95.7 vs 41.2%). Concordance on the interpreted US protocols according to ACR TI-RADS classification between two experts was high, excluding accidental coincidence.Conclusion.The data support the feasibility of US corresponding to the ACR TI-RADS classification as a first-line diagnostic approach for thyroid neoplasm reducing the number of unnecessary biopsies for thyroid nodules.