bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Oscillating the local milieu of polymersome interiors via single input-regulated bilayer crosslinking and permeability tuning
Authors: Liu Guhuan , Tan Jiajia , Cen Jie , Zhang Guoying , Hu Jinming , Liu Shiyong
Published: January 2022

The unique permselectivity of cellular membranes is of crucial importance to maintain intracellular homeostasis while adapting to microenvironmental changes. Although liposomes and polymersomes have been widely engineered to mimic microstructures and functions of cells, it still remains a considerable challenge to synergize the stability and permeability of artificial cells and to imitate local milieu fluctuations. Herein, we report concurrent crosslinking and permeabilizing of pH-responsive polymersomes containing Schiff base moieties within bilayer membranes via enzyme-catalyzed acid production. Notably, this synergistic crosslinking and permeabilizing strategy allows tuning of the mesh sizes of the crosslinked bilayers with subnanometer precision, showing discriminative permeability toward maltooligosaccharides with molecular sizes of ~1.4-2.6 nm. The permselectivity of bilayer membranes enables intravesicular pH oscillation, fueled by a single input of glucose. This intravesicular pH oscillation can further drive the dissipative self-assembly of pH-sensitive dipeptides. Moreover, the permeabilization of polymersomes can be regulated by intracellular pH gradient as well, enabling the controlled release of encapsulated payloads.
Episodic back-arc spreading centre jumps controlled by transform fault to overriding plate strength ratio
Authors: Schliffke Nicholas , van Hunen Jeroen , Allen Mark B. , Magni Valentina , Gueydan Frédéric
Published: January 2022

Spreading centre jumps are a common feature of oceanic back-arc basins. Jumps are conventionally suggested to be triggered by plate velocity changes, pre-existing weaknesses, or punctuated events such as the opening of slab windows. Here, we present 3D numerical models of back-arc spreading centre jumps evolving naturally in a homogeneous subduction system surrounded by continents without a trigger event. Spreading centres jump towards their subduction zone if the distance from trench to spreading centre becomes too long. In particular, jumps to a new spreading centre occur when the resistance on the boundary transform faults enabling relative motion of back-arc and neighbouring plates is larger than the resistance to break the overriding plate closer to trench. Time and distance of spreading centres jumps are, thus, controlled by the ratio between the transform fault and overriding plate strengths. Despite being less complex than natural systems, our models explain why narrow subducting plates (e.g. Calabrian slab), have more frequent and closely-spaced spreading jumps than wider subduction zones (e.g. Scotia). It also explains why wide back-arc basins undergo no spreading centre jumps in their life cycle.
CAR T cells redirected to cell surface GRP78 display robust anti-acute myeloid leukemia activity and do not target hematopoietic progenitor cells
Authors: Hebbar Nikhil , Epperly Rebecca , Vaidya Abishek , Thanekar Unmesha , Moore Sarah E. , Umeda Masayuki , Ma Jing , Patil Sagar L. , Langfitt Deanna , Huang Sujuan , Cheng Cheng , Klco Jeffery M. , Gottschalk Stephen , Velasquez M. Paulina
Published: January 2022

Developing CAR T cells for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) has been hampered by a paucity of targets that are expressed on AML blasts and not on hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs). Here we demonstrate that GRP78 is expressed on the cell surface of primary AML blasts but not HPCs. To target GRP78, we generate T cell expressing a GRP78-specific peptide-based CAR, which show evidence of minimal fratricide post activation/transduction and antigen-dependent T cell differentiation. GRP78-CAR T cells recognize and kill GRP78-positive AML cells without toxicity to HPCs. In vivo, GRP78-CAR T cells have significant anti-AML activity. To prevent antigen-dependent T cell differentiation, we block CAR signaling and GRP78 cell surface expression post activation by using dasatinib during GRP78-CAR T cell manufacturing. This significantly improves their effector function in vitro and in vivo. Thus, targeting cell surface GRP78-positive AML with CAR T cells is feasible, and warrants further active exploration.
Splicing is an alternate oncogenic pathway activation mechanism in glioma
Authors: Siddaway Robert , Milos Scott , Vadivel Arun Kumaran Anguraj , Dobson Tara H. W. , Swaminathan Jyothishmathi , Ryall Scott , Pajovic Sanja , Patel Palak G. , Nazarian Javad , Becher Oren , Brudno Michael , Ramani Arun , Gopalakrishnan Vidya , Hawkins Cynthia
Published: January 2022

High-grade diffuse glioma (HGG) is the leading cause of brain tumour death. While the genetic drivers of HGG have been well described, targeting these has thus far had little impact on survival suggesting other mechanisms are at play. Here we interrogate the alternative splicing landscape of pediatric and adult HGG through multi-omic analyses, uncovering an increased splicing burden compared with normal brain. The rate of recurrent alternative splicing in cancer drivers exceeds their mutation rate, a pattern that is recapitulated in pan-cancer analyses, and is associated with worse prognosis in HGG. We investigate potential oncogenicity by interrogating cancer pathways affected by alternative splicing in HGG; spliced cancer drivers include members of the RAS/MAPK pathway. RAS suppressor neurofibromin 1 is differentially spliced to a less active isoform in >80% of HGG downstream from REST upregulation, activating the RAS/MAPK pathway and reducing glioblastoma patient survival. Overall, our results identify non-mutagenic mechanisms by which cancers activate oncogenic pathways which need to accounted for in personalized medicine approaches.
Geminiviruses employ host DNA glycosylases to subvert DNA methylation-mediated defense
Authors: Gui Xiaojian , Liu Chang , Qi Yijun , Zhou Xueping
Published: January 2022

DNA methylation is an epigenetic mechanism that plays important roles in gene regulation and transposon silencing. Active DNA demethylation has evolved to counterbalance DNA methylation at many endogenous loci. Here, we report that active DNA demethylation also targets viral DNAs, tomato yellow leaf curl China virus (TYLCCNV) and its satellite tomato yellow leaf curl China betasatellite (TYLCCNB), to promote their virulence. We demonstrate that the βC1 protein, encoded by TYLCCNB, interacts with a ROS1-like DNA glycosylase in Nicotiana benthamiana and with the DEMETER (DME) DNA glycosylase in Arabidopsis thaliana. The interaction between βC1 and DME facilitates the DNA glycosylase activity to decrease viral DNA methylation and promote viral virulence. These findings reveal that active DNA demethylation can be regulated by a viral protein to subvert DNA methylation-mediated defense.
Removal of lycopene substrate inhibition enables high carotenoid productivity in Yarrowia lipolytica
Authors: Ma Yongshuo , Liu Nian , Greisen Per , Li Jingbo , Qiao Kangjian , Huang Sanwen , Stephanopoulos Gregory
Published: January 2022

Substrate inhibition of enzymes can be a major obstacle to the production of valuable chemicals in engineered microorganisms. Here, we show substrate inhibition of lycopene cyclase as the main limitation in carotenoid biosynthesis in Yarrowia lipolytica. To overcome this bottleneck, we exploit two independent approaches. Structure-guided protein engineering yields a variant, Y27R, characterized by complete loss of substrate inhibition without reduction of enzymatic activity. Alternatively, establishing a geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate synthase-mediated flux flow restrictor also prevents the onset of substrate inhibition by diverting metabolic flux away from the inhibitory metabolite while maintaining sufficient flux towards product formation. Both approaches result in high levels of near-exclusive β-carotene production. Ultimately, we construct strains capable of producing 39.5 g/L β-carotene at a productivity of 0.165 g/L/h in bioreactor fermentations (a 1441-fold improvement over the initial strain). Our findings provide effective approaches for removing substrate inhibition in engineering pathways for efficient synthesis of natural products.
T cell responses to SARS-CoV-2 spike cross-recognize Omicron
Authors: Keeton Roanne , Tincho Marius B. , Ngomti Amkele , Baguma Richard , Benede Ntombi , Suzuki Akiko , Khan Khadija , Cele Sandile , Bernstein Mallory , Karim Farina , Madzorera Sharon V. , Moyo-Gwete Thandeka , Mennen Mathilda , Skelem Sango , Adriaanse Marguerite , Mutithu Daniel , Aremu Olukayode , Stek Cari , du Bruyn Elsa , Van Der Mescht Mieke A. , de Beer Zelda , de Villiers Talita R. , Bodenstein Annie , van den Berg Gretha , Mendes Adriano , Strydom Amy , Venter Marietjie , Giandhari Jennifer , Naidoo Yeshnee , Pillay Sureshnee , Tegally Houriiyah , Grifoni Alba , Weiskopf Daniela , Sette Alessandro , Wilkinson Robert J. , de Oliveira Tulio , Bekker Linda-Gail , Gray Glenda , Ueckermann Veronica , Rossouw Theresa , Boswell Michael T. , Bhiman Jinal N. , Moore Penny L. , Sigal Alex , Ntusi Ntobeko A. B. , Burgers Wendy A. , Riou Catherine
Published: January 2022

The SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant (B.1.1.529) has multiple spike protein mutations1,2 that contribute to viral escape from antibody neutralization3–6 and reduce vaccine protection from infection7,8. The extent to which other components of the adaptive response such as T cells may still target Omicron and contribute to protection from severe outcomes is unknown. Here we assessed the ability of T cells to react to Omicron spike protein in participants who were vaccinated with Ad26.CoV2.S or BNT162b2, or unvaccinated convalescent COVID-19 patients (n = 70). Between 70% and 80% of the CD4+ and CD8+ T cell response to spike was maintained across study groups. Moreover, the magnitude of Omicron cross-reactive T cells was similar for Beta (B.1.351) and Delta (B.1.617.2) variants, despite Omicron harbouring considerably more mutations. In patients who were hospitalized with Omicron infections (n = 19), there were comparable T cell responses to ancestral spike, nucleocapsid and membrane proteins to those in patients hospitalized in previous waves dominated by the ancestral, Beta or Delta variants (n = 49). Thus, despite extensive mutations and reduced susceptibility to neutralizing antibodies of Omicron, the majority of T cell responses induced by vaccination or infection cross-recognize the variant. It remains to be determined whether well-preserved T cell immunity to Omicron contributes to protection from severe COVID-19 and is linked to early clinical observations from South Africa and elsewhere9–12.
A knowledge graph to interpret clinical proteomics data
Authors: Santos Alberto , Colaço Ana R. , Nielsen Annelaura B. , Niu Lili , Strauss Maximilian , Geyer Philipp E. , Coscia Fabian , Albrechtsen Nicolai J. Wewer , Mundt Filip , Jensen Lars Juhl , Mann Matthias
Published: January 2022

Implementing precision medicine hinges on the integration of omics data, such as proteomics, into the clinical decision-making process, but the quantity and diversity of biomedical data, and the spread of clinically relevant knowledge across multiple biomedical databases and publications, pose a challenge to data integration. Here we present the Clinical Knowledge Graph (CKG), an open-source platform currently comprising close to 20 million nodes and 220 million relationships that represent relevant experimental data, public databases and literature. The graph structure provides a flexible data model that is easily extendable to new nodes and relationships as new databases become available. The CKG incorporates statistical and machine learning algorithms that accelerate the analysis and interpretation of typical proteomics workflows. Using a set of proof-of-concept biomarker studies, we show how the CKG might augment and enrich proteomics data and help inform clinical decision-making.
SETDB1-like MET-2 promotes transcriptional silencing and development independently of its H3K9me-associated catalytic activity
Authors: Delaney Colin E. , Methot Stephen P. , Kalck Veronique , Seebacher Jan , Hess Daniel , Gasser Susan M. , Padeken Jan
Published: January 2022

Transcriptionally silenced heterochromatin bearing methylation of histone H3 on lysine 9 (H3K9me) is critical for maintaining organismal viability and tissue integrity. Here we show that in addition to ensuring H3K9me, MET-2, the Caenorhabditis elegans homolog of the SETDB1 histone methyltransferase, has a noncatalytic function that contributes to gene repression. Subnuclear foci of MET-2 coincide with H3K9me deposition, yet these foci also form when MET-2 is catalytically deficient and H3K9me is compromised. Whereas met-2 deletion triggers a loss of silencing and increased histone acetylation, foci of catalytically deficient MET-2 maintain silencing of a subset of genes, blocking acetylation on H3K9 and H3K27. In normal development, this noncatalytic MET-2 activity helps to maintain fertility. Under heat stress MET-2 foci disperse, coinciding with increased acetylation and transcriptional derepression. Our study suggests that the noncatalytic, focus-forming function of this SETDB1-like protein and its intrinsically disordered cofactor LIN-65 is physiologically relevant.
Photo-oxidative degradation of polyacids derived ceria nanoparticle modulation for chemical mechanical polishing
Authors: Kim Eungchul , Hong Jiah , Seok Hyunho , Kim Taesung
Published: January 2022

The effects of photo-oxidative degradation of polyacids at various concentrations and with different durations of ultraviolet (UV) irradiation on the photo-reduction of ceria nanoparticles were investigated. The effect of UV-treated ceria on the performance of chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) for the dielectric layer was also evaluated. When the polyacids were exposed to UV light, they underwent photo-oxidation with consumption of the dissolved oxygen in slurry. UV-treated ceria particles formed oxygen vacancies by absorbing photon energy, resulting in increased Ce3+ ions concentration on the surface, and when the oxygen level of the solution was lowered by the photo-oxidation of polymers, the formation of Ce3+ ions was promoted from 14.2 to 36.5%. Furthermore, chain scissions of polymers occurred during the oxidation process, and polyacids with lower molecular weights were found to be effective in ceria particle dispersion in terms of the decrease in the mean diameter and size distribution maintaining under 0.1 of polydispersity index. With increasing polyacid concentration and UV irradiation time, the Ce3+ concentration and the dispersity of ceria both increased due to the photo-oxidative degradation of the polymer; this enhanced the CMP performance in terms of 87% improved material removal rate and 48% lowered wafer surface roughness.
Analysis of the effects of nonextensivity for a generalized dissipative system in the SU(1,1) coherent states
Authors: Choi Jeong Ryeol
Published: January 2022

The characteristics of nonextensivity for a general quantum dissipative oscillatory system in the SU(1,1) coherent states are investigated using the invariant operator method. We consider a deformed Caldirola-Kanai oscillator represented in terms of a parameter q which is a measure of the degree of nonextensivity. The nonextensivity effects on the parametric evolution of the SU(1,1) coherent states are elucidated. We compare our results with those of previous researches and address the advantage of our methodology which adopts the linear invariant operator. In particular, the nonextensive behaviors associated with the fluctuations of canonical variables and the dissipation of quantum energy are analyzed in detail regarding their dependence on q. The properties of SU(1,1) coherent states that we adopt here can be utilized in quantum-information processes such as cloning, swapping, and teleportation of state information.
Addressing cancer invasion and cell motility with quantitative light microscopy
Authors: Zicha Daniel
Published: January 2022

The incidence of death caused by cancer has been increasing worldwide. The growth of cancer cells is not the main problem. The majority of deaths are due to invasion and metastasis, where cancer cells actively spread from primary tumors. Our inbred rat model of spontaneous metastasis revealed dynamic phenotype changes in vitro correlating with the metastatic potential in vivo and led to a discovery of a metastasis suppressor, protein 4.1B, which affects their 2D motility on flat substrates. Subsequently, others confirmed 4.1B as metastasis suppressor using knock-out mice and patient data suggesting mechanism involving apoptosis. There is evidence that 2D motility may be differentially controlled to the 3D situation. Here we show that 4.1B affects cell motility in an invasion assay similarly to the 2D system, further supporting our original hypothesis that the role of 4.1B as metastasis suppressor is primarily mediated by its effect on motility. This is encouraging for the validity of the 2D analysis, and we propose Quantitative Phase Imaging with incoherent light source for rapid and accurate testing of cancer cell motility and growth to be of interest for personalized cancer treatment as illustrated in experiments measuring responses of human adenocarcinoma cells to selected chemotherapeutic drugs.
Salt‑responsive transcriptome analysis of canola roots reveals candidate genes involved in the key metabolic pathway in response to salt stress
Authors: Wang Weichao , Pang Jiayin , Zhang Fenghua , Sun Lupeng , Yang Lei , Fu Tingdong , Guo Liang , Siddique Kadambot H. M.
Published: January 2022

Salinity is a major constraint on crop growth and productivity, limiting sustainable agriculture in arid regions. Understanding the molecular mechanisms of salt-stress adaptation in canola is important to improve salt tolerance and promote its cultivation in saline lands. In this study, roots of control (no salt) and 200 mM NaCl-stressed canola seedlings were collected for RNA-Seq analysis and qRT-PCR validation. A total of 5385, 4268, and 7105 DEGs at the three time points of salt treatment compared to the control were identified, respectively. Several DEGs enriched in plant signal transduction pathways were highly expressed under salt stress, and these genes play an important role in signaling and scavenging of ROS in response to salt stress. Transcript expression in canola roots differed at different stages of salt stress, with the early-stages (2 h) of salt stress mainly related to oxidative stress response and sugar metabolism, while the late-stages (72 h) of salt stress mainly related to transmembrane movement, amino acid metabolism, glycerol metabolism and structural components of the cell wall. Several families of TFs that may be associated with salt tolerance were identified, including ERF, MYB, NAC, WRKY, and bHLH. These results provide a basis for further studies on the regulatory mechanisms of salt stress adaptation in canola.
Antireflective, photocatalytic, and superhydrophilic coating prepared by facile sparking process for photovoltaic panels
Authors: Thongsuwan W. , Sroila W. , Kumpika T. , Kantarak E. , Singjai P.
Published: January 2022

Soiling of photovoltaic modules and the reflection of incident light from the solar panel glass reduces the efficiency and performance of solar panels; therefore, the glass should be improved to have antifouling properties. In this work, commercial solar panels were coated with sparked titanium films, and the antireflective, super-hydrophilic, and photocatalytic properties of the films were investigated. The reflectance, photocatalytic properties, and degradation of the organic pollutant methylene blue were determined using UV–Vis spectroscopy. The wetting properties were studied by measuring the water contact angle using an optical tensiometer. The outdoor power of the spark-discharged-titanium coated and uncoated PV panels was measured for 10 months at Chiang Mai, Thailand. It was found that conditions such as cloudiness, rainfall, and muddy stains significantly influenced the power difference (ΔP) between the coated and uncoated PV panels. The increase in ΔP was due to the improved dust removal from the super-hydrophilic surface of the coated panels. On a cloudy day, ΔP reached its highest value of 14.22%, which was anticipated to improve the anti-reflection property of the coated glass. The average ΔP was 6.62% over the entire experimental period.
A new Early Cretaceous lizard in Myanmar amber with exceptionally preserved integument
Authors: Čerňanský Andrej , Stanley Edward L. , Daza Juan D. , Bolet Arnau , Arias J. Salvador , Bauer Aaron M. , Vidal-García Marta , Bevitt Joseph J. , Peretti Adolf M. , Aung Nyi Nyi , Evans Susan E.
Published: January 2022

We here report on a well-preserved juvenile lizard specimen in Albian amber (ca. 110 mya) from the Hkamti site (Myanmar). This new taxon is represented by an articulated skull and the anterior portion of the trunk, including the pectoral girdle and forelimbs. The scleral ossicles and eyelid are also visible, and the specimen exhibits pristine detail of the integument (of both head and body). In a combined molecular and morphological analysis, it was consistently recovered as a scincoid lizard (Scinciformata), as sister toTepexisaurus + Xantusiidae. However, the phylogenetic position of the new taxon should be interpreted with caution as the holotype is an immature individual. We explored the possibility of miscoding ontogenetically variable characters by running alternative analyses in which these characters were scored as missing data for our taxon. With the exception of one tree, in which it was sister to Amphisbaenia, the specimen was recovered as a Pan-xantusiid. Moreover, we cannot rule out the possibility that it represents a separate lineage of uncertain phylogenetic position, as it is the case for many Jurassic and Cretaceous taxa. Nonetheless, this fossil offers a rare opportunity to glimpse the external appearance of one group of lizards during the Early Cretaceous.
The feasibility of extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation for patients with active cancer who undergo in-hospital cardiac arrest
Authors: Shin Yo Sep , Kang Pil-Je , Kim Youn-Jung , Ryoo Seung Mok , Jung Sung-Ho , Hong Sang-Bum , Kim Won Young
Published: January 2022

Indications of extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (ECPR) are still debatable, particularly in patients with cancer. Prediction of the prognosis of in-hospital cardiac arrest (IHCA) in patients with cancer receiving ECPR is important given the increasing prevalence and survival rate of cancer. We compared the neurologic outcomes and survival rates of IHCA patients with and without cancer receiving ECPR. Data from the extracorporeal membrane oxygenation registry between 2015 and 2019 were used in a retrospective manner. The primary outcome was 6-month good neurologic outcome, defined as a Cerebral performance category score of 1 or 2. The secondary outcomes were 1- and 3-month good neurologic outcome, and 6-month survival. Among 247 IHCA patients with ECPR, 43 had active cancer. The 6-month good neurologic outcome rate was 27.9% and 32.4% in patients with and without active cancer, respectively (P > 0.05). Good neurologic outcomes at 1-month (30.2% vs. 20.6%) and 3-month (30.2% vs. 28.4%), and the survival rate at 6-month (39.5% vs. 36.5%) were not significantly different (all P > 0.05) Active cancer was not associated with 6-month good neurologic outcome by logistic regression analyses. Therefore, patients with IHCA should not be excluded from ECPR solely for the presence of cancer itself.
Efficient micropropagation of Thunbergia coccinea Wall. and genetic homogeneity assessment through RAPD and ISSR markers
Authors: Sultana Kaniz Wahida , Das Sumanta , Chandra Indrani , Roy Anindita
Published: January 2022

Thunbergia coccinea Wall. ex D. Don being a rare, ornamental and medicinal plant of India, is needed to propagate for conserving the germplasm and analyzing its phytochemical compounds in the future. A reliable protocol for direct in vitro propagation using nodal shoot meristem of T. coccinea as explant was standardized. The highest number of shoots per explant (22.17 ± 0.54) with maximum shoot length (2.36 ± 0.28) in cm was obtained in Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 9.70 µM of 6-furfurylaminopurine (Kinetin) and 0.053 µM of α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) combination, among all the different plant growth regulators (PGR’s) and concentrations tested. The aforesaid PGR’s combination was optimum for axillary shoot bud induction and multiplication in T. coccinea. The best rooting was observed on the half-strength MS medium fortified with 2.68 µM NAA with the highest number of roots per shoot (3.75 ± 0.12) and maximum length (5.22 ± 0.32) in cm. All the in vitro raised plantlets were acclimatized in sterile sand and soil mixture (1:1) with a survival rate of 70% on earthen pots under greenhouse conditions. PCR-based RAPD (Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA) and ISSR (Inter-Simple Sequence Repeat) molecular markers were employed to determine the genetic homogeneity amongst the plantlets. Twelve (12) RAPD and nine (9) ISSR primers developed a total of 104 and 91 scorable bands, respectively. The band profiles of micropropagated plantlets were monomorphic to the mother, donor in vivo plant, and similarity values varied from 0.9542–1.000. The dendrogram generated through UPGMA (unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean) showed 99% similarities amongst all tested plants confirming the genetic uniformity of in vitro raised plants.
A silver catalyst with a high-energy surface prepared by plasma spraying for the hydrogen evolution reaction
Authors: Bai Yu-Yao , Kang Wen-Jing , Xi Cong , Yang Wen-Qi , Li Zhe , Ma Zi-Ang , Dong Cun-Ku , Liu Hui , Mao Jing , Ye Fu-Xing , Du Xi-Wen
Published: January 2022

A physical technique, plasma spraying, was adopted to grow a self-supported silver electrode with a high-energy (200) surface, which improves the intrinsic activity for the hydrogen evolution reaction.
Highly efficient and stable indium single-atom catalysts for electrocatalytic reduction of CO2 to formate
Authors: Xu Dafu , Xu Yan , Wang Haixia , Qiu Xiaoqing
Published: January 2022

Highly efficient and stable indium single-atom catalysts with a metal–N–carbon coordination structure possess a remarkable performance for electrocatalytic CO2 reduction to formate with high faradaic efficiency and current density over a broad potential range (−0.91 to −1.41 V).
Operando transmission electron microscopy of battery cycling: thickness dependent breaking of TiO2 coating on Si/SiO2 nanoparticles
Authors: Basak Shibabrata , Tavabi Amir H. , Dzieciol Krzysztof , Migunov Vadim , Arszelewska Violetta , Tempel Hermann , Kungl Hans , Kelder Erik M. , Wagemaker Marnix , George Chandramohan , Mayer Joachim , Dunin-Borkowski Rafal E. , Eichel Rüdiger-A.
Published: January 2022

Thickness dependent rapture of TiO2 coating on Si/SiO2 nanoparticles during battery cycling via operando transmission electron microscopy corroborates their electrochemical performance measured using liquid electrolyte cells.
Mechanochemistry as an emerging tool for the preparation of sustained release urea cocrystals as a nitrogen source
Authors: Adassooriya Nadeesh M. , Mahanta Sanjeev Pran , Thakuria Ranjit
Published: January 2022

Poor nitrogen usage efficiency of urea is one of the serious drawbacks that need urgent attention. This highlight focuses on the recent developments in mechanochemical synthesis of urea cocrystals as enhanced efficiency fertilizers.
Real-time monitoring of aerosol particle formation from sulfuric acid vapor at elevated concentrations and temperatures
Authors: Becker Daniel , Heitland Jonas , Carlsson Philip T. M. , Elm Jonas , Olenius Tinja , Tödter Sophia , Kharrazizadeh Amir , Zeuch Thomas
Published: January 2022

A new experiment enables monitoring of particles formed from highly supersaturated sulfuric acid vapor. From kinetic simulations and DLPNO-CCSD(T0)-calculations cluster decomposition rates in the temperature range from 296 to 325 K are deduced.
Empirical LiK excited state potentials: connecting short range and near dissociation expansions
Authors: Botsi Sofia , Yang Anbang , Lam Mark M. , Pal Sambit B. , Kumar Sunil , Debatin Markus , Dieckmann Kai
Published: January 2022

High-resolution excited state spectroscopy of ultracold LiK molecules. The fully empirical curve obtained serves as a starting point for the identification of a spectroscopic pathway to the absolute dipolar ground state.
Surface and interface effects in oxygen-deficient SrMnO3 thin films grown on SrTiO3
Authors: Kaviani Moloud , Aschauer Ulrich
Published: January 2022

The oxygen vacancy formation energy in an SrMnO3 thin film grown on a SrTiO3 substrate is affected by crystal-field effects at the very surface and the induced electrostatic potential.
Low-temperature heat capacity and pseudorotation in 2-methyltetrahydrofuran
Authors: Ilin Dmitriy Yu. , Tarazanov Sergey V. , Andreychev Valeriy V. , Lukyanova Vera A. , Druzhinina Anna I. , Pimenova Svetlana M. , Dorofeeva Olga V.
Published: January 2022

Theoretical calculations and a comparison of experimental and calculated entropy suggest a slightly hindered pseudorotation between close in energy conformers of 2-methyltetrahydrofuran.
Inhibition-mediated changes in prolyl oligopeptidase dynamics possibly related to α-synuclein aggregation
Authors: Walczewska-Szewc Katarzyna , Rydzewski Jakub , Lewkowicz Aneta
Published: January 2022

The formation of protein aggregates is one of the leading causes of neuronal malfunction and subsequent brain damage in many neurodegenerative diseases.
Low-cost pentagonal NiX2 (X = S, Se, and Te) monolayers with strong anisotropy as potential thermoelectric materials
Authors: Tang ShuWei , Bai Shulin , Wu Mengxiu , Luo Dongming , Zhang Jingyi , Sun Wen , Yang Shaobin
Published: January 2022

Low-cost pentagonal NiX2 (X = S, Se, and Te) monolayers with low thermal conductivity are potential anisotropic materials for thermoelectric applications.
Rational design for gold nanoparticle-based plasmonic catalysts and electrodes for water oxidation towards artificial photosynthesis
Authors: Tada Hiroaki
Published: January 2022

Rationally material-designed hot-electron transfer-type plasmonic photocatalysts and electrodes for the oxygen evolution reaction provide a playing field in artificial photosynthesis.
Parallel flow ablation cell for short signal duration in LA-ICP-TOFMS element imaging
Authors: Neff Christoph , Becker Pascal , Günther Detlef
Published: January 2022

Here, we introduce a modified ablation cell based on the tube cell design which provides shortest signal durations reported for LA sample introduction.
Accelerated protein digestion and separation with picoliter volume utilizing nanofluidics
Authors: Yamamoto Koki , Morikawa Kyojiro , Shimizu Hisashi , Sano Hiroki , Kazoe Yutaka , Kitamori Takehiko
Published: January 2022

Integrated device for protein digestion, peptide separation and UV-detection on a femtoliter to picoliter volume based on micro/nanofluidics.
Optimization of toxic metal adsorption on DEA-calix[4]arene appended silica resin using a central composite design
Authors: Gul Samiha , Memon Fakhar N. , Memon Shahabuddin
Published: January 2022

An assessment of central composite design (CCD) for the optimization of the adsorption of toxic metal ions using a DEA-calix[4]arene (DEA-C4) based silica resin.
Fabrication of MnCoOx composite oxides for catalytic CO oxidation via a solid-phase synthesis: the significant effect of the manganese precursor
Authors: Zheng Xiang , Zhang Chuanhui , Mao Dongsen , Mao Haifang , Yu Jun
Published: January 2022

Mn3Co16Ox with variable manganese precursors were prepared for catalytic CO oxidation. Specific surface area, low-temperature reducibility and lattice oxygen mobility, and the presence of oxygen vacancies are the key factors for CO oxidation.
MWCNT synergy for boosting the electrochemical kinetics of V2O5 cathode for lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Mustafa Hamna , Yu Yanlong , Zafar Amina , Liu Yanguo , Karim Shafqat , Javed Saqib , Mehboob Sheeraz , Sun Hongyu , Hussain Shafqat , Shah Atta Ullah , Hussain Syed Zahid , Safdar Amna , Nisar Amjad , Ahmad Mashkoor
Published: January 2022

V2O5/MWCNT hybrid system has been developed and investigated as cathode in LIBs. The developed electrode shows superior performance as compare to pristine V2O5 and V2O5/rGO hybrid structure due to the synergy between V2O5 and MWCNT.
Toehold-mediated strand displacement coupled with single nanoparticle dark-field microscopy imaging for ultrasensitive biosensing
Authors: Xu Shaohua , Wang Yueliang , Yao Yuanyuan , Chen Lifen , Xu Jiahui , Qiu Bin , Guo Longhua
Published: January 2022

An ultrasensitive biosensor has been developed based on toehold-mediated strand displacement and single nanoparticle dark-field microscopy.
Vortex fluidic induced mass transfer across immiscible phases
Authors: Jellicoe Matt , Igder Aghil , Chuah Clarence , Jones Darryl B. , Luo Xuan , Stubbs Keith A. , Crawley Emily M. , Pye Scott J. , Joseph Nikita , Vimalananthan Kasturi , Gardner Zoe , Harvey David P. , Chen Xianjue , Salvemini Filomena , He Shan , Zhang Wei , Chalker Justin M. , Quinton Jamie S. , Tang Youhong , Raston Colin L.
Published: January 2022

Micron to submicron size Coriolis and Faraday wave induced high shear topological flow regimes in 45° titled rapidly rotating tubes result in high inter-phase mass transfer of immiscible liquids and spontaneous demixing.
On resin synthesis of sulfated oligosaccharides
Authors: Tyrikos-Ergas Theodore , Sletten Eric T. , Huang Jhih-Yi , Seeberger Peter H. , Delbianco Martina
Published: January 2022

Well-defined sulfated oligosaccharides are important synthetic targets. We present an on resin approach for the synthesis of sulfated glycans with a broad reaction scope that overcomes previous limitations associated with on resin synthesis.
Fundamentals and applications of photo-thermal catalysis
Authors: Mateo Diego , Cerrillo Jose Luis , Durini Sara , Gascon Jorge
Published: January 2022

Correction for ‘Fundamentals and applications of photo-thermal catalysis’ by Diego Mateo et al., Chem. Soc. Rev., 2021, 50, 2173–2210, DOI: 10.1039/D0CS00357C.
Synthesis of chemical tools to label the mycomembrane of corynebacteria using modified iron(iii) chloride-mediated protection of trehalose
Authors: Carlier Mathieu , Lesur Emilie , Baron Aurélie , Lemétais Aurélie , Guitot Karine , Roupnel Loïc , Dietrich Christiane , Doisneau Gilles , Urban Dominique , Bayan Nicolas , Beau Jean-Marie , Guianvarc'h Dominique , Vauzeilles Boris , Bourdreux Yann
Published: January 2022

Regioselective protection of trehalose allows the fast synthesis of chemical tools for the study of the mycomembrane.
Systems approaches to investigate the role of NF-κB signaling in aging
Authors: Haga Masatoshi , Okada Mariko
Published: January 2022

The nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling pathway is one of the most well-studied pathways related to inflammation, and its involvement in aging has attracted considerable attention. As aging is a complex phenomenon and is the result of a multi-step process, the involvement of the NF-κB pathway in aging remains unclear. To elucidate the role of NF-κB in the regulation of aging, different systems biology approaches have been employed. A multi-omics data-driven approach can be used to interpret and clarify unknown mechanisms but cannot generate mechanistic regulatory structures alone. In contrast, combining this approach with a mathematical modeling approach can identify the mechanistics of the phenomena of interest. The development of single-cell technologies has also helped clarify the heterogeneity of the NF-κB response and underlying mechanisms. Here, we review advances in the understanding of the regulation of aging by NF-κB by focusing on omics approaches, single-cell analysis, and mathematical modeling of the NF-κB network.
Recent advances towards aqueous hydrogen peroxide formation in a direct current plasma–liquid system
Authors: Chen Qiang , Li Junshuai , Chen Qiang , Ostrikov Kostya (Ken)
Published: January 2022

The aqueous phase hydrogen peroxide (H2O2aq) produced from the plasma–liquid interactions can directly or synergistically (with other substances) affect the liquid chemistry, and therefore it is important to unfold the H2O2aq formation mechanism. However, up to now, a consensus on the H2O2aq formation mechanism is not reached. This review aims to survey the recent advances on the understanding of the H2O2aq formation mechanism in the system of a direct current discharge plasma operated over a liquid electrode. Theoretical and experimental analyses indicate that the recombination of dissolved OH radicals (OHaq) is the dominant process for the H2O2aq formation, while the purported plasma‐induced photolysis of water and the dissolution of gaseous H2O2 are ruled out.
FEEDBACK from the NGC 7538 H II region
Authors: Beuther H. , Schneider N. , Simon R. , Suri S. , Ossenkopf-Okada V. , Kabanovic S. , Röllig M. , Guevara C. , Tielens A. G. G. M. , Sandell G. , Buchbender C. , Ricken O. , Güsten R.
Published: January 2022

Context. The interaction of expanding H II regions with their environmental clouds is one of the central questions driving the Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy (SOFIA) legacy program FEEDBACK.

Aims. We want to understand the interaction of the prototypical NGC 7538 H II region with the neighboring molecular cloud hosting several active star-forming regions.

Methods. Using the SOFIA, we mapped an area of ~210′2 (~125 pc2) around NGC 7538 in the velocity-resolved ionized carbon fine-structure line [CII] at 1.9 THz (158 μm). Complementary observed atomic carbon [CI] at 492 GHz and high-J CO(8–7) data, as well as archival near- and far-infrared, cm continuum, CO(3–2), and HI data are folded into the analysis.

Results. The ionized carbon [CII] data reveal rich morphological and kinematic structures. While the overall morphology follows the general ionized gas that is also visible in the radio continuum emission, the channel maps show multiple bubble-like structures with sizes on the order of ~80–100″ (~1.0–1.28 pc). While at least one of them may be an individual feedback bubble driven by the main exciting sources of the NGC 7538 H II region (the O3 and O9 stars IRS6 and IRS5), the other bubble-like morphologies may also be due to the intrinsically porous structure of the H II region. An analysis of the expansion velocities around 10 km s−1 indicates that thermal expansion is not sufficient but that wind-driving from the central O-stars is required. The region exhibits a general velocity gradient across, but we also identify several individual velocity components. The most blue-shifted [CII] component has barely any molecular or atomic counterparts. At the interface to the molecular cloud, we find a typical photon-dominated region (PDR) with a bar-shape. Ionized C+, atomic C0 and molecular carbon CO show a layered structure in this PDR. The carbon in the PDR is dominated by its ionized C+ form with atomic C0 and molecular CO masses of ~0.45  ± 0.1 M⊙ and ~1.2  ± 0.1 M⊙, respectively, compared to the ionized carbon C+ in the range of 3.6−9.7 M⊙. This bar-shaped PDR exhibits a velocity-gradient across, indicating motions along the line of sight toward the observer.

Conclusions. Even if it is shown to be dominated by two nearby exciting sources (IRS6 and IRS5), the NGC 7538 H II region exhibits a diverse set of substructures that interact with each other as well as with the adjacent cloud. Compared to other recent [CII] observations of H II regions (e.g., Orion Veil, RCW120, RCW49), the bubble-shape morphologies revealed in [CII] emission that are indicative of expanding shells are recurring structures of PDRs.
Five-year period of evaluation of leaf mineral concentrations in resistant varieties in Trentino (Northeastern Italy)
Authors: Porro Duilio , Bertoldi Daniela , Bottura Maurizio , Pedò Stefano
Published: January 2022

Recently new resistant and/or tolerant genotypes to the main cryptogams (downy and powdery mildew) were identified, to be used in enhancing sustainable viticulture. These cultivars (result of interspecific crossings between Vitis vinifera cultivars and other Vitis species of American and Asian origin) are experiencing a relevant expansion in Europe in viticultural regions characterized by high rainfall per year. In two sites of Trentino (Northeastern Italy) with different soil pH levels, and where these conditions are widespread, an important study was scheduled. During the period 2015-2019, fifteen resistant varieties were monitored in order to have information about agronomical and nutritional behavior. Yearly, at fruit set nutritional aspects through leaf analyses and leaf green color (SPAD indexes) were monitored. At pre-veraison, photosynthetically active biomass behavior (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index NDVI indexes) was controlled. Weather conditions of different years strongly changed the availability of nutrients in vines in relation to different genotypes and their color of vegetation and vigor. Collected results allow to suggest interventions aimed at a more suitable nutritional management for resistant varieties, in comparison of Vitis vinifera, above all for nitrogen (N), potassium (K), and zinc (Zn); in particular, for magnesium (Mg), early foliar treatments should be recommended, especially in years where rainfall is concentrated in the spring months.
Characterisation of Franciacorta vineyard agroecosystem to support biodiversity and ecosystem services
Authors: Ghiglieno Isabella , Simonetto Anna , Lipreri Elia , Sperandio Giorgio , Armiraglio Stefano , Rigamonti Ivo , Donna Pierluigi , Gilioli Gianni
Published: January 2022

Vineyard is a multifunctional ecosystem associated to a multitude of environmental benefits and ecosystem services. Despite the increased research efforts on the analysis of biodiversity patterns and ecosystem services in vineyard, the lack of approaches to multifunctionality suggests to develop integrated approaches allowing to manage the complexity of vineyard landscape. The present study introduces an innovative methodology aimed at developing a unitary framework able to describe vineyard ecosystems biodiversity considering both local (morphological characteristics, internal ecological infrastructure, and management) and landscape (land-use) components. The case of Franciacorta wine-growing area is described considering a total of 112 ha located in three wine companies. Four informative layers related to different components of Franciacorta territory were defined: i) morphology; ii) internal ecological infrastructure; iii) landscape composition; iv) management. This study provides a useful instrument to increase knowledge about vineyard system biodiversity and to protect ecosystem services provision in Franciacorta territory. The methodology applied can easily be extended to the whole wine-growing compartment.
Innovative vine training system as a strategy for adaptation to climate change on Verdicchio
Authors: Lanari Vania , Dottori Edoardo , Lattanzi Tania , Pallotti Luca , Silvestroni Oriana
Published: January 2022

Grape quality is endangered by thermal increase caused by climate change. Hence, the necessity to find adaptation solutions moved research activities in the last few years towards experimenting innovative management techniques. In this trial an innovative training system, called High Cane, was compared with the traditional Guyot. High Cane trained vines showed lower photosynthetically active solar radiation values at the fruiting zone, a higher number of shoots per vine and total yield. At harvest, High Cane proved to have some effects in slowing down ripening, i.e. showing lower sugar content, higher titratable acidity and lower pH. The innovative training system is a candidate to be a valid strategy for the adaptation to the effects of climate change.
Labile, recalcitrant and stable soil organic carbon: comparison of agronomic management in a vineyard of Trentino (Italy)
Authors: Morelli Raffaella , Bertoldi Daniela , Baldantoni Daniela , Zanzotti Roberto
Published: January 2022

The intensive exploitation of agricultural land has caused a depletion of soil organic carbon (SOC) and a decline in soil fertility, with a consequent decrease in the productivity of agroecosystems, also contributing to atmospheric GHG emissions. The ability of soil to storage organic carbon (OC) depends on its persistence and susceptibility to decomposition. SOC is generally partitioned into fractions differing in protection mechanisms and in turn decomposability. This study aimed to compare the OC pool repartition in soils managed with three different fertilization practices (mineral – CONV, manure – ORGM and green manure – ORG-GM) during a medium-term trial in vineyard, in order to understand the best solution in increasing C sequestration. The OC fractionation by acid hydrolysis allowed separating three fractions of OC: a labile, quickly mineralizable pool, a recalcitrant pool with a slower turnover and a stable pool protected by microbial attack. The results showed that the periodic application of organic matrices (manure and green manure), although did not increase total OC, enriched the soil along time with readily available OC, thus promoting the release of nutrients. Green manure has also been shown to promote the accumulation of stabilized OC, able to improve the structure of the soil and, therefore, its fertility.
Soil management and plant protection strategies with reduced use of copper: productive and environmental aspects in a Sangiovese vineyard
Authors: Storchi Paolo , Perria Rita , Carella Giuseppe , Mugnai Laura , Landi Silvia , Binazzi Francesco , Mocali Stefano , Fabiani Arturo , Cucu Maria Alexandra , Valentini Paolo , Petrucci William Antonio , Puccioni Sergio , Ciofini Alice
Published: January 2022

Plant protection strategies in organic viticulture are based on the application of copper products, which is well known to generate a consistent environmental impact due to the accumulation of copper in soils and its negative effects on edaphic biodiversity. Life Green Grapes is a demonstrative project aiming to improve the sustainability of viticulture throughout the supply chain: from vine nursery to the table. In this paper, we report the main results obtained over three growing seasons (2018-2020) in response to the adoption of a strategy based on a reduced use of copper products in an organic vineyard. Plant protection treatments have been strictly planned according to forecasting models for disease development and fungicides have been partially substituted with products improving plant resistance. Green manure, known for contributing to the health of the vineyard, was also adopted. Results suggest the effectiveness of the “Green Grapes” strategy under low downy mildew pressure. Furthermore, no declines in grape quality have been observed; on the contrary, the synergic effect of green manure and substances beneficial to plants improved yield. An overall positive influence on the edaphic biodiversity was also observed.
Characteristics of wind turbine wake and particle transport in aeolian sand environment
Authors: Sha Mandi , Xiao Xianbin , Qin Wu , Zheng Zongming
Published: January 2022

For the wind turbine wake field in the aeolian sand environment, the multiphase flow model is used to simulate the wind sand inflow and the wake of the wind turbine is simulated and calculated in combination with the actuation line model based on the OpenFOAM-v2006. The effects of clean air inflow and wind sand inflow on the wind turbine wake field are compared, including speed loss and wake structure. Equally the particle transport in the wake of wind turbine is analyzed. The results show that the velocity of wind turbine wake recovers faster in the aeolian sand environment, the overall spatial structure is sinking, and the particles will settle in advance and distribute in strips.