bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hooded Grasshopper Teratodes monticollis (Gray, 1832) Morphometric and Intraspecific Colour Variation from Bonai Forest Division, Odisha, India
Authors: Pradhan Ilarani , Rout Subhalakshmi , Kumar Sanjeet
Published: June 2023

Hooded grasshopper belongs to the order Orthoptera and the family Acrididae. It is native to India and Sri Lanka. The hooded grasshopper, Teratodes monticollis, was described as Gryllus monticollis by English zoologist George Robert Gray in 1832. The distribution of this species has been recorded in different parts of Burma, Ceylon, and India. The contemporary reports about records of this species from various states of India are very limited. The authors observed the intraspecific colour variation of Teratodes monticollis in Bonai Forest Division, Odisha, India, and presented it here. It might be due to some abiotic stress in the study areas.
Relationship between Karl Pearson’s Coefficient of Skewness (Sk) and Ginni’s Coefficient of Concentration (G) under the purview of Digital Payments in India
Authors: Tarikere Kirankumar , Joshi Akhil Dattatraya
Published: June 2023

Aims: Statistics is one of the most important fields. It carries out observation, collection, analysis and interpretation of collected data with necessary techniques and tools for analysis. There are many parameters which help in analyzing the data. Amongst them, Karl Pearson’s Coefficient of Skewness and Ginni’ Coefficient of Concentration are very important. Karl Pearson’s Coefficient of Skewness plays an important role in measuring the symmetry. Symmetry and its measure help in knowing the manner of distribution carried out by the population. Karl Pearson’s Coefficient of Skewness is represented by Sk. Apart from Karl Pearson’s coefficient of Skewness, Ginni’s Coefficient of Concentration is also one more term which is the ratio of Ginni’s Coefficient of Mean deviation and two times of Mean of the distribution.  The range of Ginni’s Coefficient of Concentration is from 0 to 1. It is represented as G.  This paper tries to find the relationship between Karl Pearson’s Coefficient of Skewness and Ginni’s Coefficient of Concentration.

Methodology: Theoretical framework is being constructed with the help of known formulas of Karl Pearson’s Coefficient of Skewness and Ginni’s Coefficient of Concentration. A new formula is being generated between Karl Pearson’s Coefficient of Skewness and Ginni’s Coefficient of Concentration by mediating mean as the common factor between the two parameters.

Result: There is a positive relationship between Karl Pearson’s Coefficient of Skewness and Ginni’s Coefficient of Concentration.

Conclusion: With the help of the generated formula, Karl Pearson’s Coefficient of Skewness can be calculated once Ginni’s Coefficient of Concentration is known where all other parameters are considered to be known.
Infection, Inflammation, Venous Thromboembolism: A Co-existence
Authors: Chaudhry Kavita , Kaur Gurmeet , Thapa Sujata , Shaina Sandeep , Chawla Mitakshara
Published: June 2023

Aims: Venous thromboembolism is a state of hypercoaguability occurring due to various risk factors causing a prothrombotic state. In this case series, 3 cases are discussed where patients presented as DVT revealing underlying infection later on during the progression of it’s course.

Place of Study: Department of Medicine, ABVIMS and Dr. RML Hospital, New Delhi and VMMC and Safdarjung Hospital.

Case Series: Case Series – In Case 1, a 25 year old male presented with DVT and was started on anticoagulants. While other risk factors were ruled out, further investigations then were suggestive of Pulmonary Tuberculosis. In Case 2, a 17 year old female with a lower limb swelling suggestive of DVT, with loose stools was found to be positive for Clostridium Difficile infection. In Case 3, a 14 year old boy presenting with a knee swelling with synovitis positive for Staphylococcus aureus also revealed popliteal vein thrombosis.

Discussion: Infections cause a systemic inflammatory response causing increased procoagulant factors, endothelial damage further causing Venous thrombosis.

Conclusion: In patients presenting with venous thromboembolism, infections, systemic or local should be ruled out along with all the known risk factors.
Relationship between Duration of Diabetes Mellitus and Gensini Score in Patients Undergoing Diagnostic Coronary Angiography
Authors: El-Naghy Eman Mahmoud , Salama Mai Mohamed , El-Hefnawy Suzan Bayomi , Omer Mahmoud Abdel Khalek Abo
Published: June 2023

Background: Gensini (G score) is one of the most widely used scoring systems in cardiology. It is an objective method to determine the coronary artery disease severity according to angiographic findings. The aim of this work was to assess the relation between G score and the chronicity of diabetes mellitus (DM) in cases undergoing coronary angiography.

Methods: This prospective cohort research was carried out on 300 cases with diabetes mellitus (DM) on antidiabetic treatment who were referred to diagnostic coronary angiography for suspected coronary artery disease. G score was calculated for measurement of the coronary artery disease severity. During the period from October 2020 to Aril 2022

Results: Age, smoking, chronicity of DM, cholesterol, triglycerides test, and electrocardiogram were statistically prominent positively related with G score, while female gender was statistically significant negative relation with it. Also. Mean G score was statistically prominent higher in cases with ischemic changes than in cases without ischemic changes. Therefore, the chronicity of DM was statistically significant predictor of G score.

Conclusions: significant positive relation between the G score and the chronicity of DM.
Characterization of Sediment Yield Behaviour from a Micro Catchment Area of a Farm Pond for Storm Wise Runoff Events in North-Eastern Dry Zone of Karnataka, India
Authors: K. Vinutha. , B. D. Premanand.
Published: June 2023

Aims: The study aims to measure the runoff event wise sediment yield for a micro catchment area of the farm pond and characterise its behaviour

Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted in a micro catchment (field sized area) of a dugout farm pond, having an area of 6 ha located in the new area of UAS campus Raichur, which comes under Zone II in Region-I of Karnataka state. Geographically it is located at 16° 12′ N latitude and 77° 20′ E longitude and at an elevation of 389 m above the mean sea level (MSL). The study was conducted for a period of one year during 2019.

Methodology: The existing farm pond  was used to  conduct sediment yield studies in a micro catchment area. The rainfall intensity for each storm has been measured using self-recording rain gauge. The runoff has been measured at the out let of the field sized micro catchment area of farm pond using hydraulic structures coupled with automatic runoff recorder. The runoff sampling has been done for sediment/ soil loss assessment.  The event wise rainfall, rainfall intensity and runoff followed by sediment yield have been  have been measured and analysed to see the relationship between rainfall intensity and runoff with prevailing soil and topographical characteristics of the study area.

Results: The event wise runoff samples of the micro catchment area during the runoff events were collected from the stilling well coupled with hydraulic structure constructed at the outlet of the micro catchment area. As rainfall intensity increases it causes the water loss and surface soil erosion and increases sediment yield at the surface.

Conclusion: In the present study the red gram crop was grown and it had affected the sediment yield especially during September and October months. Rainfall is most dynamic factor which affects the sediment yield.
Influence of Different Tillage and Nutrient Management Practices on Growth Performance of Direct Seeded Rice
Authors: Kumar Pittala Manoj , Roy Dhirendra Kumar , Singh Santosh Kumar , Kumar Mritunjay
Published: June 2023

The experiment entitled “Impact of different tillage and nutrient management strategies on productivity and profitability of direct seeded rice (Oryza sativa L.)” was conducted in an ongoing trial at the Agronomical Research Farm (plot no. 5) of Tirhut College of Agriculture, Dholi (RPCAU, Pusa) during Kharif 2019. The experiment was laid out in a ‘split-plot design’ with tillage practices under main plot treatments and nutrient management practices as subplot treatments. The results revealed that both tillage and nutrient management practices significantly influenced all the growth parameters of rice. Significantly higher plant height, no. of tillers/m2, dry matter production and superior CGR at all the stages of crop growth were recorded in Zero tillage + Residue management over conventional tillage among tillage practices which was statistically at par with Zero tillage and in SSNM based on Nutrient expert over RDF among nutrient management treatments which was statistically at par with 60 % RDN + GSGN + 100% PK of RDF. Zero tillage + Residue management and Zero tillage increased the grain yield of direct seeded rice to the tune of 14.03 and 10.15 per cent over Conventional tillage, respectively. While SSNM based on Nutrient expert and 60 % RDN + GSGN + 100% PK of RDF increased grain yield of direct seeded rice to the tune of 14.91 and 12.07 per cent over RDF, respectively.
Evaluation of Seed Priming on Growth of Chickpea (Cicer arientinum L.)
Authors: Zanzad R. V. , Rajput U. U. , Gawande P. P. , Rathod T. H. , Chavan P. P.
Published: June 2023

The present experiment was conducted during Rabi 2019 at experimental field of Pulses Research unit, Dr. PDKV, Akola to assess the suitable priming treatment for chickpea crop (variety: JAKI-9218). The experiment was laid out in randomize block design in three replication. The morpho-physiological traits viz. germination %, plant height, number branches, dry matter content, number of day required to 50% flowering were taken.. The morpho-physiological i.e. plant height, number of branches, dry matter content, germination % showed significant increased in chickpea crop when seed priming was carried out with potassium nitrate for 4 hours. The numbers of days required to 50% flowering were recorded least in seed priming GA3 for 4 hours. Protein content also recorded significantly higher in seed priming with potassium nitrate for 4 hours. Yield and yield attributes were also significantly increased in seed priming with potassium nitrate for 4 hours. It is concluded that seed priming were with potassium nitrate for 4 hours recorded higher morpho-physiological characters over priming treatment and control.
Study of Different Sources of Organic Manures in Comparison with RDF on Growth and Yield of Greengram [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek]
Authors: Shiny A. Visuvasa Anto , Alagappan S. , Manuel R. Isaac , Petchiammal K. Indira
Published: June 2023

The field experiment was conducted to evaluate the different sources of organic manures in comparison with recommended dose fertilizer (RDF) on greengram at South farm, Karunya Institute of Technology and Science, Coimbatore, India. The field experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design and replicated thrice during kharif and rabi seasons of 2022. The field study comprised of nine treatments, two organic treatments with sole organic manures at 100% on N equivalent basis (vermicompost, farmyard manure) another three treatments consisted of 25%, 50% and 75% combination of each manure. These two organic manures (vermicompost, farmyard manure) were combined with 50% RDF through inorganic fertilizers (12.5:25:12.5 of N, P2O5 and K2O kg ha-1) as a combination of organic and inorganic treatments and one sole 100% inorganic treatment through inorganic fertilizer (25:50:25 of N, P2O5 and K2O kg ha-1). A control treatment was maintained in the layout to compare the performance of all the treatments. The results showed that among the different combinations of organic and inorganic treatments, 100% recommended dose of fertilizer through inorganic (25:50:25 of N, P2O5 and K2O kg ha-1) (T7) fertilizer significantly enhanced the growth and yield of greengram which was closely followed by vermicompost 100% on N equivalent basis.
Correlation and Path Coefficient Analysis of Component Characters on Juice Yield in Sweet Sorghum Genotypes (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench)
Authors: More A. W. , Dhutmal R. R. , Kalpande H. V.
Published: June 2023

The present experimentation was conducted to assess correlation and direct indirect relation between juice yield and its contributing traits in 33 sweet sorghum genotypes at Sorghum Research Station, VNMKV, Parbhani during kharif 2019. Analysis revealed that juice yield exhibited highest significant and positive correlations with Millable cane weight (G=0.9018, P=0.8938) at genotypic and phenotypic levels followed by total fresh biomass, juice extraction percentage, Stem girth, plant height, Days to maturity and internodal length. Grain yield per plant exhibited negative but non-significant association with juice yield. Millable cane weight, juice extraction percentage and days to 50 per cent flowering showed highest positive direct effect on juice yield. While days to maturity, plant height and grain yield per plant had negative direct effect on juice yield per plant. Millable cane weight showed maximum indirect effect via total fresh biomass, juice extraction percentage and plant height. Considering both correlation and path coefficient, it can be concluded that the traits stem girth, internode length and high total fresh biomass, millable cane weight and juice extraction percentage should give importance for increasing the juice yield in sweet sorghum genotypes.
Altitudinal Variation and Soil Characterstics Effect on Forest Communities of North Western Himalayan Region of Uttarakhand, India
Authors: Lal Pankaj , Prasad Rajesh Kumar , Bali Rajander Singh , Butola Jitendra Singh , Dobhal Sneha , Singh Indra , Ayush Pritam
Published: June 2023

The present study was conducted at Dandachali forest of Tehri Forest Division, North-Western part of Himalaya. Surveys and sampling of the vegetation were done using standard ecological assessment methods with an aim to study the soil status at community level. During the study six different forest communities’ viz., Pinus roxburghii- Quercus leucotrichophora mixed forest, Pinus roxburghii pure forest, Pinus roxburghii- Rhododendron arboreum mixed forest, Cedrus deodara- Pinus wallichiana mixed forest, Cedrus deodara- Rhododendron arboreum mixed forest and Rhododendron arboreum- Quercus leucotrichophora mixed forest were taken for the above mentioned study. Importance Value Index  (IVI) were observed maximum (271.57) in Pinus roxburghii community then Pinus roxburghii- Quercus leucotrichophora mixed forest IVI (166.69). The soil pH recorded highest (pH 6.60) in Cedrus deodara - Pinus wallichiana mixed forest. Cedrus deodara - Rhododendron arboreum mixed forest community reflected maximum (27.44%) soil moisture content. However organic carbon (1.39%), nitrogen (1202.49 kg/ha.) and phosphorus (31.36 kg/ha) was highest in Pinus roxburghii – Quercus leucotrichophora mixed forest. Potassium observed maximum (351.00 kg/ha.) in Cedrus deodara - Rhododendron arboreum mixed forest. Community wise there was change in soil nutrient status whereas, altitude showed no such variations.
Efficacy of Halauxifen-methyl + Florasulam against Complex Weeds in Wheat under Kymore Plateau and Satpura Hill Zone of Madhya Pradesh, India
Authors: Tomar Deependra Singh , Jha A. K. , Porwal Muskan , Verma Badal , Tirkey Shweta , Khare Yatiraj , Rajpoot Alok , Chouhan Monika
Published: June 2023

Wheat crop is inhabited by several monocot and dicot weeds which have posed a major problem in wheat crop production. These weeds not only reduce the quality and quantity of the produce but also increase the cost of production. There management therefore becomes crucial with the help of proper combination of herbicides considering the bottlenecks of mechanical methods. Thus, a field experiment was conducted in the Rabi season of 2016-2017 at the research farm of Department of Agronomy, JNKVV, Jabalpur. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with ten treatments including eight herbicidal combinations with hand weeding at 30 DAS and weedy check and replicated thrice. Various observations on weed and crop growth parameters, yield, and economics were made. The results indicated that the application of halauxifen-methyl + florasulam at 10.20 g/ha significantly reduced the weed density and dry weight, increased the plant height, number of tillers and leaf area index as compared to all other herbicidal treatments with an exception to hand weeding. It also enhanced the grain and straw yield (5810.12 kg/ha and 7103.75 kg/ha). The application of halauxifen-methyl + florasulam at 10.20 g/ha recorded highest net monetary returns (104555 Rs/ha) and resulted in maximum benefit with a B:C ratio of 3.8. Thus, this could be promising technology for controlling weeds in wheat crop.
Effects of Potassium Application on Yield, Protein and Oil Content of Selected Soybean Varieties in Trans Nzoia County, Kenya
Authors: Kibet Kimkung Sam , Kingori Gathungu Geofrey , Mahugu Muraya Moses
Published: June 2023

There is low soybean production due to poor agronomic techniques, such as sub-optimal application of fertilizer among other factors. There are limited studies on the effects of potassium fertilizer application which is crucial in productivity, quality, and drought resistance. A study was conducted at the Kenya Agricultural Livestock and Research Organization, Kitale demonstration farm to determine the effects of potassium fertilizer application on the yield and quality of soybean varieties. A 3 x 4 factorial experiment was laid down in Randomised Complete Block Design and replicated three times. The study had two factors, that is three soybean varieties (DPSB19, Gazelle and SB24) and four levels of potassium (0 [control], 22.5, 45, and 67.5 kg K2O ha-1) applied as sulphate of potash fertilizer (50% K2O) at planting, making a total of 12 treatments. Data collected included number of pods per plant, number of seeds per plant, weight of seed per plant and 1000-seed weight, grain yield, protein and oil content. Data collected was subjected to analysis of variance using Statistical Analysis System version 9.3 and significantly different means separated using Least Significance Difference at α = 0.05. Application of potassium at the rate of 67.5 kg K2O ha-1 resulted to higher number of pods per plant and number of seeds per plant at 78.97 and 243.40, and 44.47 and 141.20 in the varieties DPSB19 and Gazelle, while in SB24 higher recording of 51.23 and 162.40 was observed with 22.5 kg K2­O ha-1. The higher 1000-seed weight was recorded in 22.5 kg K2O ha-1 in DPSB19 and Gazelle varieties, while for SB24 it was recorded in 67.5 kg K2O ha-1. The highest grain yield recorded was 9156.45 kg per ha, in DPSB19 in 22.5 kg K2O ha-1, 4517. 67.5 kg per ha in Gazelle variety in 67.5 kg K2O ha-1 and 6432.78 kg per ha in SB24 variety in 22.5 kg K2O ha-1. The higher percentage oil content was observed in 45 K2O kg ha-1 in DPSB19 (28.48%) and SB24 (23.38%) varieties, and in 22.5 kg K2O ha-1 in Gazelle (19.38%) variety and the higher percentage protein content was recorded in 45 K2O kg ha-1 in DPSB19 (42.99%) and Gazelle (40.56%), and in 45 K2O kg ha-1 in SB24 (48.87%). These findings show that soybean farmers should apply potassium fertilizer for appropriate growth, increased yield, protein and oil content in different soybean varieties. It is recommended that application of potassium at 67.5 kg K2O ha-1 be done for better soybean growth, yield and protein content and application of potassium at 45 kg K2O ha-1 is done for high oil content.
Importance of Teaching Ergonomics in Dental School Education
Authors: Botta-Maltese Ana Carolina , Wajngarten Danielle , Neves Tamíris da Costa , Pazos Júlia Margato , Garcia Patrícia Petromilli Nordi Sasso
Published: June 2023

Aims: The aim of this study was to present the prevalence of musculoskeletal symptoms in dental students and their ergonomics knowledge, the challenges of the implementation of ergonomics in dental school curriculum, and the teaching of ergonomics in dental courses.

Methodology: This manuscript was supported by scientific evidence found in the literature obtained from Science Direct, Scientific Electronic Library Online (SCIELO), and National Library of Medicine (MEDLINE) databases, as well as the authors’ experience in ergonomics education and research studies.

Results: Most dental students have reported pain in their neck, lower back, and shoulders. Although students have experienced musculoskeletal symptoms, they have a limited perception of work risk factors due to the lack of ergonomics education while in dental school. The challenges of its incorporation could be addressed through curricular revisions.

Conclusion: Implementation of ergonomics in the dental curriculum at the beginning of preclinical training and its reinforcement later in clinical practice can prevent musculoskeletal disorders in dental students. Curricular revision needs to be accompanied by epidemiologic studies, faculty development, and timely evaluation in order to customize ergonomics educational programs in dental curriculum and identify areas of success as well as those needing improvement.
Influence of (Non) Observance of Maxims on Evasion in Malaysian Parliamentary Question Time
Authors: Abidin Najah Zainal , Jan Jariah Mohd
Published: June 2023

This content-analytic study examines the influence of (non) observance of maxims in the production of evasive responses in Malaysian Parliamentary Question Time. The analysis was based on the theories of Cooperative Principle (Grice, 1975) and Clayman’s Framework of Resistance (2001; 2012). Two strategies of (non) observance of maxims were found to produce evasive responses namely, violating and opting out. Ministers and deputy ministers were found to frequently shift tasks required by providing assurances to the questioners and audience. They also acknowledged the issues raised without addressing them. Further, they talked about prior actions taken to address current issues and made a reference to another party to relieve themselves from bearing the responsibility alone which led to the violation of maxims that subsequently produced evasive responses. Evasive responses also occurred when ministers and deputy ministers disregarded the questions altogether, thus opting out of the Cooperative Principle. Despite being evasive, equivocal responses were deemed cooperative as no instances of follow-up questions were recorded.
Cortejo do Dois de Julho em Salvador
Authors: Ameida Priscila Cabral
Published: June 2023

Desde 1824, o Cortejo do Dois de Julho é realizado anualmente em Salvador como comemoração do processo que culminou na Independência do Brasil na Bahia, em 1823. A organização desta festa está profundamente ancorada no caráter sociocultural e histórico que constrói a identidade política local e regional dos baianos. Neste artigo, o enfoque empírico no Cortejo nos permite demonstrar como o diálogo entre a História Cultural e o campo dos Estudos Organizacionais pode ser significativo para analisar manifestações que, em sua complexidade cultural, exigem dos pesquisadores e gestores culturais uma reflexão alternativa às abordagens normativas tradicionalmente mobilizadas pelo campo da administração, tanto em relação às organizações não formais e institucionalizadas, quanto em abordagens metodológicas que utilizam a história apenas de forma funcionalista e/ou acessória.
Profile of caregivers of dependent elderly in a pandemic context: impacts on the health and work of caregivers in portugal / Perfil de cuidadores de idosos dependentes em contexto de pandemia: impactos na saúde e no trabalho de quem cuida em Portugal
Authors: Almeida Jose Luiz Telles , Escoval Ana , Barbosa Patricia
Published: June 2023

Objetivo: conhecer o perfil dos cuidadores formais e informais de idosos com dependência funcional em Portugal. Método: inquérito online realizado em junho-novembro 2021 pela Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública-NOVA de Lisboa. O questionário foi divulgado em redes sociais e em instituições que atuam nos cuidados a idosos dependentes. Protocolo aprovado pela Comissão de Ética da ENSP. Resultados: o sexo feminino prevaleceu (91,4% cuidadoras formais e 88% informais). Predominou o nível superior de escolaridade em ambas as categorias. Os cuidadores formais situavam-se numa faixa etária mais jovem que os cuidadores familiares. 51% dos cuidadores formais e 63,7% dos cuidadores informais relataram sofrer algum problema crônico de coluna. Os sentimentos de isolamento, tristeza e depressão predominaram entre os cuidadores formais e informais. Conclusão: o trabalho de cuidar é predominantemente feminino e a pandemia de Covid 19 trouxe impactos importantes para a saúde dos cuidadores, em especial para a saúde mental.
PEPFAR at 20—Looking Back and Looking Ahead
Authors: Nkengasong John , Zaidi Irum , Katz Ingrid T.
Published: June 2023

This Viewpoint looks at PEPFAR (the United States President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief) from its inception to today, including successes and goals for the future to help care for people worldwide living with HIV.
Estimated Reductions in Opioid Overdose Deaths With Sustainment of Public Health Interventions in 4 US States
Authors: Chhatwal Jagpreet , Mueller Peter P. , Chen Qiushi , Kulkarni Neeti , Adee Madeline , Zarkin Gary , LaRochelle Marc R. , Knudsen Amy B. , Barbosa Carolina
Published: June 2023

Importance

In 2021, more than 80 000 US residents died from an opioid overdose. Public health intervention initiatives, such as the Helping to End Addiction Long-term (HEALing) Communities Study (HCS), are being launched with the goal of reducing opioid-related overdose deaths (OODs).

Objective

To estimate the change in the projected number of OODs under different scenarios of the duration of sustainment of interventions, compared with the status quo.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This decision analytical model simulated the opioid epidemic in the 4 states participating in the HCS (ie, Kentucky, Massachusetts, New York, and Ohio) from 2020 to 2026. Participants were a simulated population transitioning from opioid misuse to opioid use disorder (OUD), overdose, treatment, and relapse. The model was calibrated using 2015 to 2020 data from the National Survey on Drug Use and Health, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and other sources for each state. The model accounts for reduced initiation of medications for OUD (MOUDs) and increased OODs during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Exposure

Increasing MOUD initiation by 2- or 5-fold, improving MOUD retention to the rates achieved in clinical trial settings, increasing naloxone distribution efforts, and furthering safe opioid prescribing. An initial 2-year duration of interventions was simulated, with potential sustainment for up to 3 additional years.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Projected reduction in number of OODs under different combinations and durations of sustainment of interventions.

Results

Compared with the status quo, the estimated annual reduction in OODs at the end of the second year of interventions was 13% to 17% in Kentucky, 17% to 27% in Massachusetts, 15% to 22% in New York, and 15% to 22% in Ohio. Sustaining all interventions for an additional 3 years was estimated to reduce the annual number of OODs at the end of the fifth year by 18% to 27% in Kentucky, 28% to 46% in Massachusetts, 22% to 34% in New York, and 25% to 41% in Ohio. The longer the interventions were sustained, the better the outcomes; however, these positive gains would be washed out if interventions were not sustained.

Conclusions and Relevance

In this decision analytical model study of the opioid epidemic in 4 US states, sustained implementation of interventions, including increased delivery of MOUDs and naloxone supply, was found to be needed to reduce OODs and prevent deaths from increasing again.
Flavonifractor
Authors: Alauzet Corentine , Lozniewski Alain , Cailliez‐Grimal Catherine
Published: June 2023

Fla.vo.ni.frac'tor. N.L. neut. n.
flavonum
, flavone; L. masc. n.
fractor
, breaker; N.L. masc. n.
Flavonifractor,
flavone‐breaker.

Firmicutes / Clostridia / Oscillospirales / Oscillospiraceae / Flavonifractor

Flavonifractor
is a genus in the phylum
Firmicutes
, class
Clostridia
, order
Oscillospirales
, family
Oscillospiraceae
. It currently comprises a single species with a validly published name,
Flavonifractor plautii
, proposed in 2010 as a gen. nov., comb. nov. for
Eubacterium plautii
and
Clostridium orbiscindens
. Although presenting a typical Gram‐positive cell wall structure, members of this genus mainly stain Gram‐negative. Cells are strictly anaerobic rods, with variable motility and capacity to form subterminal endospores. Growth is observed after 48 h anaerobic incubation in nutrient‐rich broth or on sheep/horse‐blood agar. Colonies are circular, smooth, gray, or white. Members of the genus
Flavonifractor
are asaccharolytic, and produce acetic and butyric acids when grown in TGY broth. The dominant fatty acids are C
14:0
and C
16:0
. They synthesize a flavonoid molecule C‐ring‐cleaving enzyme involved in the metabolism of quercetin or catechin within the human gut. They are mainly described as members of human and animal gut microbiota.
F. plautii
has also been recovered from clinical samples as an opportunistic pathogen. Reduced susceptibility to glycopeptides has been described.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 56–61.6 (
T
m
and HPLC), 59.9 (mean GC content based on WGS data, EZBioCloud database).

Type species
:
Flavonifractor plautii
Carlier et al. 2010
VP
(basonym:
Fusobacterium plauti
Séguin 1928
AL
).
Kurds
Authors: Atmaca Metin
Published: June 2023

Scholarly debates on the origins and early development of the Kurds continue. Some claim that the Kurds are mentioned in ancient Greek and Persian sources. Other scholars have considered the Medes, an ancient Iranian people, as the ancestors of the modern‐day Kurds. The Kurds lived in the mountains of Upper Mesopotamia and western Iran, mostly as settled and semi‐nomadic tribes, when they came into contact with Muslim Arabs for the first time in 637. After Muslim rule was established, the Kurds turned in large groups to Islam. The conversion of the Kurds to Islam in the early periods of Muslim conquest opened new avenues for many of them to integrate into the courtly, military, scholarly, and political ranks in the Islamic Empire. After the mid‐tenth century, when the power of the Abbasids was in decline, a number of Kurdish tribal leaders seized control in their regions and established a series of dynastic emirates and states.
Maukharīs
Authors: Ghosh Suchandra
Published: June 2023

The Maukharīs of Kanauj were major powers in North India during the sixth and seventh centuries
ce
. They held sway over parts of Bihar and the Ganga‐Yamuna doāb and their most important ruler was Iśāṇavarman. The major sources for their rule are seals and inscriptions. They were mainly worshippers of Śiva but also patronized other Brahmanical sects. The dynasty came to an end with the murder of Grahavarman. During their rule the focus of political attention shifted from Pataliputra to Kanauj.
Harṣavardhana
Authors: Pal Sayantani
Published: June 2023

King Harṣavardhana of Kanauj is the hero in the
Harṣacarita
composed by his court poet Bāṇabhaṭṭa. The account of the heroic activities of this king led the earlier generation of historians to believe that he was a great king who had brought the larger part of North India under his control and that his death marked the end of an era in early Indian history. This entry revisits the sources in order to understand the impact of Harṣa's reign upon contemporary politics of North India.
Virtual Learning and Assessment in Rheumatology Fellowship Training: Objective Structured Clinical Examination Revisited
Authors: Wolfe Rachel M. , Hant Faye N. , Ishizawar Rumey C. , Criscione‐Schreiber Lisa G. , Jonas Beth L. , O'Rourke Kenneth S. , Bolster Marcy B.
Published: June 2023

Objective

With the onset of the COVID‐19 pandemic, an annual multi‐institutional face‐to‐face rheumatology objective structured clinical examination (ROSCE) was transformed into a virtual format. The educational goals of the virtual ROSCE (vROSCE) were to reproduce the educational value of the previous in‐person ROSCE, providing a valuable formative assessment of rheumatology training activities encompassing the 6 Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) core competencies for fellows‐in‐training (FITs). This article describes the novel design, feasibility, and stakeholder value of a vROSCE.

Methods

Through an established collaboration of 5 rheumatology fellowship training programs, in February 2021, a vROSCE was created and conducted using a Zoom platform. Station development included learning objectives, FIT instructions, faculty proctor instructions, and a checklist by which to provide structured formative feedback. An anonymous, optional web‐based survey was sent to FIT participants to evaluate the experience.

Results

Twenty‐three rheumatology FITs from 5 institutions successfully rotated through 6 stations in the vROSCE. Immediate feedback was given to each FIT using standardized rubrics structured around ACGME core competencies. A total of 65% of FITs (15 of 23) responded to the survey, and 93% of survey respondents agreed or strongly agreed that the vROSCE was a helpful educational activity and identified individualized opportunities for improvement.

Conclusion

A vROSCE is an innovative, feasible, valuable, and well‐received educational technology tool. The vROSCE enriched rheumatology FITs’ education and offered collaborative learning experiences across institutions.
Fuzzy sampled‐data control of PMSG‐based wind turbine systems with random occurring uncertainties
Authors: Lakshmanan Shanmugam , Joo Young Hoon
Published: June 2023

This article investigates the robust stability of permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG)‐based wind turbine (WT) systems with randomly occurring uncertainties (ROUs) under a fuzzy sampled‐data control scheme. To accomplish this, the norm‐bounded uncertainties in the inductance, system inertia, and stator resistance are considered, which are modeled as ROUs by using certain Bernoulli distributed white noise sequences. The nonlinear PMSG‐based WT systems can be expressed as local linear systems with a Takagi–Sugeno (T–S) fuzzy approach. To achieve stability performance against such kinds of uncertainties and external disturbances, fuzzy‐based sampled‐data control is designed for the proposed model. Then, the sufficient conditions are derived and expressed in the form of linear matrix inequalities based on looped‐Lyapunov functionals, which ensure the asymptotic stability of the closed‐loop T–S fuzzy model for the nonlinear PMSG–based WTs with an performance index. Finally, the derived conditions are validated with the proposed model and confirm the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme against the uncertainties and disturbances. Moreover, a comparison example is conducted to show the less conservative nature of the derived conditions.
Moreno Tuohy retires from NAADAC after 18 years
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: June 2023

Cynthia Moreno Tuohy is retiring from NAADAC, the Association for Addiction Professionals (NAADAC) where she has been executive director for 18 years. “The time has come for me to shift my focus to my family and allow NAADAC to move on to its next chapter,” said Moreno Tuohy in her retirement message last month. “I am committed to supporting the executive committee as they work to find the right individual to step into the role of executive director and lead NAADAC in continuing the forward momentum that we have built.”
Germanane and (3‐Hydroxypropyl)germanane as Single Crystal Photodetectors
Authors: Hartman Tomáš , Valdman Lukáš , Šturala Jiří , Sarkar Kalyan J. , Oliveira Filipa M. , Sofer Zdenek
Published: June 2023

2D materials are being widely investigated for their potential application in light‐detecting devices. Very recently, a spin‐coated flexible 2D germanium‐based photodetector with great photocurrent density and responsivity as well as short rise and decay time is presented by Liu et. al. In this paper, the solid‐state single flake photodetector base on either pure germanane or (3‐hydroxypropyl)germanane is reported. Both prepared photodetectors while irradiated with different wavelengths of light exhibit outstanding responsivity of 1157 mA W−1 for GeH and 362 mA W−1 for (3‐hydroxypropyl)germanane, which exceeds Liu's flexible reported GeH photodetector (22 µA W−1) by more than five orders of magnitude. These constructed photodetectors also exhibit rise and fall times lower than 20 ms, which is also significantly faster than the GeH photodetector reported by Liu with rise and decay times 240 and 740 ms, respectively.
Synthesis of C‐3‐Functionalized Imidazo[1,2‐a]pyridines via Direct para‐Position Arylation of Electron‐Rich Anilines under Transition‐Metal‐Free Conditions
Authors: Hao Liqiang , Wu Gaorong , Wang Yangyang , Xu Xiaobo , Ji Yafei
Published: June 2023

A multicomponent tandem arylation reaction was established under transition‐metal‐free conditions to synthesize structurally diverse imidazo[1,2‐a]pyridines. As N,N‐dimethylaniline is not only a reactant but also a methylation reagent, its use affords an alternative route for methylation. This approach features mild reaction conditions and good functional group tolerance, providing 29 compounds in acceptable yields.
Pollen layering and male–male competition: Quantum dots demonstrate that pollen grains compete for space on pollinators
Authors: Moir Monika , Anderson Bruce
Published: June 2023

Premise

Almost nothing is known about what happens to pollen grains once they attach to pollinators, although some have postulated that pollen from different donors may form complex, two‐ or three‐dimensional landscapes (e.g., layers or mosaics) that can facilitate male–male competition. For example, pollen that is already on pollinators may preclude the deposition of subsequent pollen grains.

Methods

Using quantum dots to mark the pollen of individual flowers, we explored the possibilities of layering and preclusion in a fly‐pollinated iris, Moraea lurida.

Results and Conclusions

The proportion of labeled pollen from the last flower visited diminished in sequential pollen samples taken from the top to the bottom of the pollen load, representing the first empirical evidence for pollen layering. However, the consequences in terms of pollen preclusion were equivocal: Although the pre‐existing pollen load size was not a good predictor of new pollen receipt, labeled pollen loads from the last flower visited were significantly smaller than pollen loads from the previous flower visited. Thus, pollen from the previous flower may preclude pollen placement from a subsequently visited flower, and pollen from different flowers may compete for space on pollinators.
Expanding the phenotype of anauxetic dysplasia caused by biallelic NEPRO mutations: A case report
Authors: Remmelzwaal P. Christian , Verhagen Martijn V. , Jongbloed Jan D. H. , van den Akker Peter C. , Veenstra‐Knol Hermine E. , Hitzert Marrit M.
Published: June 2023

The cartilage hair hypoplasia and anauxetic dysplasia (CHH‐AD) spectrum encompasses a group of rare skeletal disorders, with anauxetic dysplasia (ANXD) at the most severe end of the spectrum. Biallelic variants in RMRP, POP1, and NEPRO (C3orf17) have previously been associated with the three currently recognized ANXD types. Generally, all types are characterized by severe short stature, brachydactyly, skin laxity, joint hypermobility and dislocations, and extensive skeletal abnormalities visible on radiological evaluation. Thus far, only five patients with type 3 anauxetic dysplasia (ANXD3) have been reported. Here, we describe one additional ANXD3 patient. We provide a detailed physical and radiological evaluation of this patient, in whom we identified a homozygous variant, c.280C > T, p.(Arg94Cys), in NEPRO. Our patient presented with clinically relevant features not previously described in ANXD3: atlantoaxial subluxation, extensive dental anomalies, and a sagittal suture craniosynostosis resulting in scaphocephaly. We provide an overview of the literature on ANXD3 and discuss our patient's characteristics in the context of previously described patients. This study expands the phenotypic spectrum of ANXD, particularly ANXD3. Greater awareness of the possibility of atlantoaxial subluxation, dental anomalies, and craniosynostosis may lead to more timely diagnosis and treatment.
Baseline neuropsychiatric symptoms and psychotropic medication use midway through data collection of the Longitudinal Early‐Onset Alzheimer's Disease Study (LEADS) cohort
Authors: Polsinelli Angelina J. , Wonderlin Ryan J. , Hammers Dustin B. , Garcia Alex Pena , Eloyan Ani , Taurone Alexander , Thangarajah Maryanne , Beckett Laurel , Gao Sujuan , Wang Sophia , Kirby Kala , Logan Paige E. , Aisen Paul , Dage Jeffrey L. , Foroud Tatiana , Griffin Percy , Iaccarino Leonardo , Kramer Joel H. , Koeppe Robert , Kukull Walter A. , La Joie Renaud , Mundada Nidhi S. , Murray Melissa E. , Nudelman Kelly , Soleimani‐Meigooni David N. , Rumbaugh Malia , Toga Arthur W. , Touroutoglou Alexandra , Vemuri Prashanthi , Atri Alireza , Day Gregory S. , Duara Ranjan , Graff‐Radford Neill R. , Honig Lawrence S. , Jones David T. , Masdeu Joseph , Mendez Mario F. , Womack Kyle , Musiek Erik , Onyike Chiadi U. , Riddle Meghan , Rogalski Emily , Salloway Steven , Sha Sharon J. , Turner Raymond S. , Wingo Thomas S. , Wolk David A. , Carrillo Maria C. , Dickerson Bradford C. , Rabinovici Gil D. , Apostolova Liana G. ,   LEADS Consortium
Published: June 2023

Introduction

We examined neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) and psychotropic medication use in a large sample of individuals with early‐onset Alzheimer's disease (EOAD; onset 40‐64 years) at the midway point of data collection for the Longitudinal Early‐onset Alzheimer's Disease Study (LEADS).

Methods

Baseline NPS (Neuropsychiatric Inventory – Questionnaire; Geriatric Depression Scale) and psychotropic medication use from 282 participants enrolled in LEADS were compared across diagnostic groups – amyloid‐positive EOAD (n = 212) and amyloid negative early‐onset non‐Alzheimer's disease (EOnonAD; n = 70).

Results

Affective behaviors were the most common NPS in EOAD at similar frequencies to EOnonAD. Tension and impulse control behaviors were more common in EOnonAD. A minority of participants were using psychotropic medications, and use was higher in EOnonAD.

Discussion

Overall NPS burden and psychotropic medication use were higher in EOnonAD than EOAD participants. Future research will investigate moderators and etiological drivers of NPS, and NPS differences in EOAD versus late‐onset AD.
Mechanical recycling of expanded polystyrene and tire rubber waste as compatibilized and toughened blends
Authors: Junior Antonio José Andrade , Saron Clodoaldo
Published: June 2023

Packaging represents a significant source of all polymer waste produced in the world. Thus, improving recycling methods is essential to achieve an environmentally sustainable condition since the volume of produced polymer and of related waste has grown. Expanded polystyrene (EPS) foam is a thermoplastic with important performance of properties such as thermal isolation and absorption of mechanical energy that allow large application in packaging and other segments. However, the EPS recycling is a challenger due to its low density and poor properties. The rubber incorporation to the recycled EPS is an alternative for the toughening of the polymer matrix as well as improving its mechanical properties. In present study, EPS waste from electric and electronic products packaging was treated by three distinct methods for polymer densification and after it was thermo‐mechanically processed by extrusion with variable content of ground tire rubber (GTR) and compatibilizer agent styrene‐butadiene‐styrene (SBS) copolymer to produce compatibilized and toughened PS/rubber blends. Mechanical, thermal and rheological properties of materials were evaluated by different analyses. The incorporation of rubber to the recycled EPS has significantly improved the mechanical properties of the material and the presence of the SBS agent was effective to compatibilize the PS/rubber blends. Therefore, the preparation of compatibilized PS/rubber blends showed to be a way to the mechanical recycling of EPS and rubber tires waste.
Gut Inflammation in Axial Spondyloarthritis Patients is Characterized by a Marked Type 17 Skewed Mucosal Innate‐like T Cell Signature
Authors: Mortier Céline , Quintelier Katrien , De Craemer Ann‐Sophie , Renson Thomas , Deroo Liselotte , Dumas Emilie , Verheugen Eveline , Coudenys Julie , Decruy Tine , Lukasik Zuzanna , Van Gassen Sofie , Saeys Yvan , Hoorens Anne , Lobatón Triana , Van den Bosch Filip , Van de Wiele Tom , Venken Koen , Elewaut Dirk
Published: June 2023

Objective

Patients with spondyloarthritis (SpA) often present with microscopic signs of gut inflammation, a risk factor for progressive disease. We investigated whether mucosal innate‐like T cells are involved in dysregulated interleukin‐23 (IL‐23)/IL‐17 responses in the gut‐joint axis in SpA.

Methods

Ileal and colonic intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs), lamina propria lymphocytes (LPLs), and paired peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated from treatment‐naive patients with nonradiographic axial SpA with (n = 11) and without (n = 14) microscopic gut inflammation and healthy controls (n = 15) undergoing ileocolonoscopy. The presence of gut inflammation was assessed histopathologically. Immunophenotyping of innate‐like T cells and conventional T cells was performed using intracellular flow cytometry. Unsupervised clustering analysis was done by FlowSOM technology. Serum IL‐17A levels were measured via Luminex.

Results

Microscopic gut inflammation in nonradiographic axial SpA was characterized by increased ileal intraepithelial γδ‐hi T cells, a γδ‐T cell subset with elevated γδ‐T cell receptor expression. γδ‐hi T cells were also increased in PBMCs of patients with nonradiographic axial SpA versus healthy controls and were strongly associated with Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Score. The abundance of mucosal‐associated invariant T cells and invariant natural killer T cells was unaltered. Innate‐like T cells in the inflamed gut showed increased RORγt, IL‐17A, and IL‐22 levels with loss of T‐bet, a signature that was less pronounced in conventional T cells. Presence of gut inflammation was associated with higher serum IL‐17A levels. In patients treated with tumor necrosis factor blockade, the proportion of γδ‐hi cells and RORγt expression in blood was completely restored.

Conclusion

Intestinal innate‐like T cells display marked type 17 skewing in the inflamed gut mucosa of patients with nonradiographic axial SpA. γδ‐hi T cells are linked to intestinal inflammation and disease activity in SpA.
Moderne Konzepte im Massivbau – über Potenziale von Methoden der künstlichen Intelligenz
Authors: Steiner Daniel , Sprenger Bjarne
Published: June 2023

Die Anwendung von Methoden der künstlichen Intelligenz bietet vielfältiges und vielversprechendes Potenzial für die Entwicklung innovativer Konzepte in Forschung und Praxis. Zur Darstellung der erschließbaren Möglichkeiten werden ausgewählte Methoden und moderne Konzepte aus dem Bereich des Massivbaus vorgestellt. Adaptiv vorgespannte Betontragwerke wurden mit lernfähigen Regelungsalgorithmen auf Basis der Fuzzy Logic realisiert. Für eine kontinuierliche Brückenüberwachung wurde ein Monitoringkonzept erarbeitet, das eine Modelladaption mittels evolutionärer Algorithmen und eine Zuverlässigkeitsbewertung mit künstlichen neuronalen Netzen umfasst. Für eine effiziente Unterstützung des Vorentwurfs von Gebäuden wurde ein wissensbasiertes System entwickelt, das die Erfassung und Bereitstellung von Ingenieurwissen durch scharfe und unscharfe Wissensbanken sowie der Possibilitätstheorie leistet. Diese modernen Konzepte im Massivbau unterstreichen wesentliche Potenziale des Einsatzes von Methoden der künstlichen Intelligenz.