bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analytical model of flux switching permanent magnet machine under armature reaction condition
Authors: Öner Yasemin , Şenol İbrahim
Published: July 2016

This paper presents an analytical sub-domain model for predicting magnetic flux density and winding inductance flux switching permanent magnet (FS-PM) under armature reaction. It is obtained by solving Poisson and Laplace equations in polar coordinates for each domain, i.e. air gap, rotor and stator slots. The model accounts for the influence of interaction between the stator slots and air gap, as well as rotor slots and air gap and winding inductances are obtained from the analytical method and compared by finite element analysis (FEA). Magnetic field distribution are derived from the analytical method and verified by finite element analysis (FEA).
Detecting Local Drivers of Fire Cycle Heterogeneity in Boreal Forests: A Scale Issue
Authors: Bélisle Annie , Leduc Alain , Gauthier Sylvie , Desrochers Mélanie , Mansuy Nicolas , Morin Hubert , Bergeron Yves
Published: July 2016

Severe crown fires are determining disturbances for the composition and structure of boreal forests in North America. Fire cycle (FC) associations with continental climate gradients are well known, but smaller scale controls remain poorly documented. Using a time since fire map (time scale of 300 years), the study aims to assess the relative contributions of local and regional controls on FC and to describe the relationship between FC heterogeneity and vegetation patterns. The study area, located in boreal eastern North America, was partitioned into watersheds according to five scales going from local (3 km2) to landscape (2800 km2) scales. Using survival analysis, we observed that dry surficial deposits and hydrography density better predict FC when measured at the local scale, while terrain complexity and slope position perform better when measured at the middle and landscape scales. The most parsimonious model was selected according to the Akaike information criterion to predict FC throughout the study area. We detected two FC zones, one short (159 years) and one long (303 years), with specific age structures and tree compositions. We argue that the local heterogeneity of the fire regime contributes to ecosystem diversity and must be considered in ecosystem management.
What Are the Ethical Issues Facing Global-Health Trainees Working Overseas? A Multi-Professional Qualitative Study
Authors: Harrison James , Logar Tea , Le Phuoc , Glass Marcia
Published: July 2016

The aim of this study was to identify global health ethical issues that health professional trainees may encounter during electives or placements in resource-limited countries. We conducted a qualitative study involving focus groups and an interview at the University of California San Francisco. Participants were multi-professional from the Schools of Medicine, Nursing and Pharmacy and had experience working, or teaching, as providers in resource-limited countries. Eighteen participants provided examples of ethical dilemmas associated with global-health outreach work. Ethical dilemmas fell into four major themes relating to (1) cultural differences (informed consent, truth-telling, autonomy); (2) professional issues (power dynamics, training of local staff, corruption); (3) limited resources (scope of practice, material shortages); (4) personal moral development (dealing with moral distress, establishing a moral compass, humility and self awareness). Three themes (cultural differences, professional issues, limited resources) were grouped under the core category of “external environmental and/or situational issues” that trainees are confronted when overseas. The fourth theme, moral development, refers to the development of a moral compass and the exercise of humility and self-awareness. The study has identified case vignettes that can be used for curriculum content for global-health ethics training.
Inequality of Paediatric Workforce Distribution in China
Authors: Song Peige , Ren Zhenghong , Chang Xinlei , Liu Xuebei , An Lin
Published: July 2016

Child health has been addressed as a priority at both global and national levels for many decades. In China, difficulty of accessing paediatricians has been of debate for a long time, however, there is limited evidence to assess the population- and geography-related inequality of paediatric workforce distribution. This study aimed to analyse the inequality of the distributions of the paediatric workforce (including paediatricians and paediatric nurses) in China by using Lorenz curve, Gini coefficient, and Theil L index, data were obtained from the national maternal and child health human resource sampling survey conducted in 2010. In this study, we found that the paediatric workforce was the most inequitable regarding the distribution of children <7 years, the geographic distribution of the paediatric workforce highlighted very severe inequality across the nation, except the Central region. For different professional types, we found that, except the Central region, the level of inequality of paediatric nurses was higher than that of the paediatricians regarding both the demographic and geographic distributions. The inner-regional inequalities were the main sources of the paediatric workforce distribution inequality. To conclude, this study revealed the inadequate distribution of the paediatric workforce in China for the first time, substantial inequality of paediatric workforce distribution still existed across the nation in 2010, more research is still needed to explore the in-depth sources of inequality, especially the urban-rural variance and the inner- and inter-provincial differences, and to guide national and local health policy-making and resource allocation.
Evaluating Trade Areas Using Social Media Data with a Calibrated Huff Model
Authors: Wang Yandong , Jiang Wei , Liu Senbao , Ye Xinyue , Wang Teng
Published: July 2016

Delimitating trade areas is a major business concern. Today, mobile communication technologies make it possible to use social media data for this purpose. Few studies however, have focused on methods to extract suitable samples from social media data for trade area delimitation. In our case study, we divided Beijing into regular grid cells and extracted activity centers for each social media user. Ten sample sets were obtained by selecting users based on the retail agglomerations they visited and aggregating user activity centers to each grid cell. We calculated distance and visitation frequency attributes for each user and each grid cell. The distance value of a grid cell is the average distance of user activity centers in this grid cell to a retail agglomeration. The visitation frequency of a grid cell refers to the average count of visits to retail agglomerations by user activity centers for a cell. The calculated attribute values of 10 sets were input into a Huff model and the delimitated trade areas were evaluated. Results show that sets obtained by aggregating user activity centers have a better delimitating effect than sets obtained without aggregation. Differences in the distribution and intensity of trade areas also became apparent.
Nanodiamonds for Medical Applications: Interaction with Blood in Vitro and in Vivo
Authors: Tsai Lin-Wei , Lin Yu-Chung , Perevedentseva Elena , Lugovtsov Andrei , Priezzhev Alexander , Cheng Chia-Liang
Published: July 2016

Nanodiamonds (ND) have emerged to be a widely-discussed nanomaterial for their applications in biological studies and for medical diagnostics and treatment. The potentials have been successfully demonstrated in cellular and tissue models in vitro. For medical applications, further in vivo studies on various applications become important. One of the most challenging possibilities of ND biomedical application is controllable drug delivery and tracing. That usually assumes ND interaction with the blood system. In this work, we study ND interaction with rat blood and analyze how the ND surface modification and coating can optimize the ND interaction with the blood. It was found that adsorption of a low concentration of ND does not affect the oxygenation state of red blood cells (RBC). The obtained in vivo results are compared to the results of in vitro studies of nanodiamond interaction with rat and human blood and blood components, such as red blood cells and blood plasma. An in vivo animal model shows ND injected in blood attach to the RBC membrane and circulate with blood for more than 30 min; and ND do not stimulate an immune response by measurement of proinflammatory cytokine TNF-α with ND injected into mice via the caudal vein. The results further confirm nanodiamonds’ safety in organisms, as well as the possibility of their application without complicating the blood’s physiological conditions.
Rotation Disk Process to Assess the Influence of Metals and Voltage on the Growth of Biofilm
Authors: Barry Dana , McGrath Paul
Published: July 2016

Biofilms consist of not only bacteria but also extracellular polymer substrates (EPS). They are groups of microorganisms that adhere to each other on a surface, especially as a result of exposure to water and bacteria. They can pose health risks to humans as they grow in hospital settings that include medical supplies and devices. In a previous study, the researchers discovered that bacteria/biofilm grew well on wetted external latex, male catheters. These results concerned the investigators and encouraged them to find ways for prohibiting the growth of bacteria/biofilm on the male catheters (which are made of natural rubber). They carried out a new study to assess the influence of metals and voltage for the growth of bacteria on these latex samples. For this purpose, a unique Rotation Disk Reactor was used to accelerate biofilm formation on external male catheter samples. This setup included a dip tank containing water and a rotating wheel with the attached latex samples (some of which had single electrodes while others had paired electrodes with applied voltage). The process allowed the samples to become wetted and also exposed them to microorganisms in the ambient air during each revolution of the wheel. The results (as viewed from SEM images) showed that when compared to the control sample, the presence of metals (brass, stainless steel, and silver) was generally effective in preventing bacterial growth. Also the use of voltage (9.5 volt battery) essentially eliminated the appearance of rod shaped bacteria in some of the samples. It can be concluded that the presence of metals significantly reduced bacterial growth on latex and the application of voltage was able to essentially eliminate bacteria, providing appropriate electrode combinations were used.
Contact Properties and Wear Behaviour of Nickel Based Superalloy René 80
Authors: Lavella Mario
Published: July 2016

A superalloy traditionally offers excellent mechanical strength, resistance to thermal creep deformation, good surface stability and resistance to corrosion or oxidation. However, a superalloy often also needs performance in terms of fretting resistance. Experimental results regarding fretting wear and contact properties of the superalloy René 80 are illustrated and discussed. The widespread applications of superalloys in jointing with friction as in the jointing of a turbine blade, is the main motivation for characterizing their fretting behaviour. The fretting experiments were performed at 100 Hz for two temperatures (600, 800 °C), and two sliding amplitudes (30, 60 µm). These temperatures and strokes are typical at the medium stage of a low-pressure gas turbine. Wear volume and the contact properties such as friction coefficient and tangential contact stiffness were measured and analysed. Results show that the lowest friction coefficient was measured at the temperature of 800 °C. This temperature hence appears to be an optimum working condition for the fretting wear of René 80. With regard to wear mechanism, a fundamental role of the sliding amplitude was found. In particular, the ratio between the sliding amplitude and the characteristic contact length has a significant influence upon the oxide growth on contact surfaces.
Correction: Van der Merwe, J.D., et al. Short-Term and Sub-Chronic Dietary Exposure to Aspalathin-Enriched Green Rooibos (Aspalathus linearis) Extract Affects Rat Liver Function and Antioxidant Status. Molecules 2015, 20, 22674–22690
Authors: Van der Merwe Johanna , De Beer Dalene , Joubert Elizabeth , Gelderblom Wentzel
Published: July 2016

The authors wish to make the following corrections to their published paper [1].[...]
Lutein, Zeaxanthin and Meso-zeaxanthin Supplementation Associated with Macular Pigment Optical Density
Authors: Ma Le , Liu Rong , Du Jun , Liu Tao , Wu Shan , Liu Xiao
Published: July 2016

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of lutein, zeaxanthin and meso-zeaxanthin on macular pigment optical density (MPOD) in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) among patients with age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and healthy subjects. Medline, Embase, Web of Science and Cochrane Library databases was searched through May 2016. Meta-analysis was conducted to obtain adjusted weighted mean differences (WMD) for intervention-versus-placebo group about the change of MPOD between baseline and terminal point. Pearson correlation analysis was used to determine the relationship between the changes in MPOD and blood xanthophyll carotenoids or baseline MPOD levels. Twenty RCTs involving 938 AMD patients and 826 healthy subjects were identified. Xanthophyll carotenoids supplementation was associated with significant increase in MPOD in AMD patients (WMD, 0.07; 95% CI, 0.03 to 0.11) and healthy subjects (WMD, 0.09; 95% CI, 0.05 to 0.14). Stratified analysis showed a greater increase in MPOD among trials supplemented and combined with meso-zeaxanthin. Additionally, the changes in MPOD were related with baseline MPOD levels (rAMD = −0.43, p = 0.06; rhealthy subjects = −0.71, p < 0.001) and blood xanthophyll carotenoids concentration (rAMD = 0.40, p = 0.07; rhealthy subjects = 0.33, p = 0.05). This meta-analysis revealed that lutein, zeaxanthin and meso-zeaxanthin supplementation improved MPOD both in AMD patients and healthy subjects with a dose-response relationship.
Comparative Analysis for the Urban Metabolic Differences of Two Types of Cities in the Resource-Dependent Region Based on Emergy Theory
Authors: Liu Chang , Shi Xueyi , Qu Lulu , Li Bingyi
Published: July 2016

Urban metabolism analysis has become a useful and effective tool to explore urban socio-economic processes. In this research, in order to explore the similarities and differences of metabolic characteristics and variation rules of different types of resource-dependent cities, we selected two cities—Taiyuan and Jincheng, the capital and a traditional resource-dependent city of Shanxi province, respectively, as research subjects, we also established an urban metabolic evaluation framework by employing a set of eight emergy-based indicators from socio-economic data from 2007 to 2014, and compared the similarities and discrepancies from the perspectives of metabolic structure, intensity, pressure, and efficiency, and put forward some suggestions for pursuing sustainable development for both cities and pointed out that more types of resource-dependent cities should be incorporated in future research work.
Driving Sustainable Competitive Advantage in the Mobile Industry: Evidence from U.S. Wireless Carriers
Authors: Kim Changhee , Kim Soo , Kang Hee
Published: July 2016

In light of the growing importance of data network quality in the wireless industry, this study analyzes and compares efficiencies in management, service quality, network quality, and market in the 4G Long Term Evolution (LTE) wireless industry. For this purpose, a bootstrap data envelopment analysis (DEA) model using representative U.S. wireless carriers as decision making units (DMUs) was designed and conducted, with further verification through the Mann-Whitney U and Wilcoxon W test, to examine the differences in efficiency distribution. The results indicate that, in terms of efficiency distribution, network quality efficiency and market efficiency belongs to the same group as that which has high management efficiency. Based on these results, this paper suggests implications and strategic guidelines for wireless carriers for improvement in management efficiency.
Franz Cumont’s Syrian Tour. A Belgian Archaeologist in the Ottoman Empire
Authors: Scheerlinck Eline
Published: July 2016

Franz Cumont’s Syrian Tour. A Belgian Archaeologist in the Ottoman Empire.

This paper highlights the Western scientific traveller as an intermediary between Orient and Occident around the turn of the nineteenth century by presenting a case study on the Belgian archaeologist and historian of religions, Franz Cumont (1868-1947), and the dossier of the journey he undertook in Northern Syria, May 1907. After a discussion of this classicist’s relation to the Orient, I give an account of Cumont’s Syrian tour, based on three different writing contexts : the academic output of the expedition in Northern Syria, Cumont’s private travel notes, and both his active and passive correspondence. Still focusing on the case of Franz Cumont and the dossier of his archaeological journey in 1907, in a third and fourth section I examine two ways in which the Orient was brought to the Occident by the scientific traveller. Firstly, by the acquisition and transfer of archaeological material from the Orient to the Occident, providing Western institutions with Eastern artefacts. Secondly, by the transfer of ideas and images : how did the Occidental scientific traveller, the archaeologist, convey his experiences with the “ real” Orient to the European readership ? I will disclose how Franz Cumont expressed his evaluation of the ancient Orient, which he studied, and the contemporary Orient, which he experienced during his travels.
La Meuse comme « Barrière » ? Regards croisés sur une frontière stratégique entre la France et l’Allemagne (1870-1914)
Authors: Bêchet Christophe
Published: July 2016

The Belgian Meuse as a “ Barrier” ? Perspectives on a Strategic Frontier between France and Germany (1870-1914)

In the margins of the London Treaty of 1831, a secret provision – regarding the defence of the Belgian fortresses in case of a war against France by the other Powers was maintained, putting the strategic burden of the old “ Low Countries Barrier” of 1815 on the frail shoulders of the newly-formed Kingdom of Belgium. To the full satisfaction of the Belgian Government, this “ Fortress agreement” was practically forgotten afterwards. Nevertheless, after the Franco-Prussian War of 1870-1871, a march of the French and German armies through the Meuse valley became more and more a nightmarish eventuality. As a consequence, the towns of Liège and Namur were surrounded with modern forts to check any invasion attempt by belligerents. This shift in defensive paradigm led to numerous diplomatic and military commentaries in Belgium and abroad. Meanwhile, the new railways established between Meuse and Rhine increased the strategic value of the Ardennes-Eifel area. Finally, these modifications to the border area distorted the French and German war plans. At the beginning of the twentieth century, war-planners had started to look at the Belgian Meuse valley from a completely new perspective.
La frontière, miroir des conceptions de l’État à l’époque moderne
Authors: Moreau de Gerbehaye Claude de
Published: July 2016

De grens, spiegelbeeld van het concept van de Staat in de Vroegmoderne Tijd

Een grens bezit zoveel meer betekenis dan een eenvoudige, lineaire lijn op een aardrijkskundige kaart. Deze lijn vormt de grens van een grondgebied en is daardoor ook drager van de politieke en soevereine macht die hiermee gepaard gaat. De grens heeft doorheen de eeuwen verschillende vormen gekend : de huidige geometrische lijnen laten dergelijk diepe sporen na in onze geest (van de blauwe lijn van de Vogezen, het bamboegordijn, tot de Israëlische muur die momenteel wordt gebouwd) dat andere vormen onvoorstelbaar worden. Grenzen zijn hedendaagse incarnaties van begrippen die hun oorsprong vinden in de Oudheid (de limes, de Muur van Hadrianus) en opnieuw populair werden tijdens de Vroegmoderne Tijd (de pré carré,

“ natuurlijke” grenzen) samen met de wederom belangrijke rol van de staat. Deze bijdrage schenkt bijzonder aandacht aan de terminologie van de vele vormen van scheiding tussen politieke entiteiten : zone, condominium, enclave en afhankelijk gebied. Vervolgens worden grenzen als concept onderzocht tegen de achtergrond van de staat en de natie, evenals het verband (oorzaak of gevolg) met dit tweede begrip, samen met de hieruit voortvloeiende evolutie.
Évoquer le « mythe médian ». Les imaginaires carolingien et lotharingien dans les revendications territoriales belges à l’égard de l’Allemagne après 1945
Authors: Brüll Christoph
Published: July 2016

Het gebruik van de “ mythe van het midden” : Karolingische en Lotharingische sociale verbeelding in de Belgische territoriale eisen aan Duitsland na 1945

Het is een ‘ klassieke’ strategie om bij territoriale schikkingen na een militair conflict te verwijzen naar op de geschiedenis gebaseerde sociale verbeelding en legitimeringen. Deze bijdrage tracht te tonen hoe Karolingische en Lotharingische sociale verbeelding een invloed uitoefende op bepaalde actoren van op gebiedsuitbreiding gerichte bewegingen, een echo van 1918, in het België van na 1945. Zelfs indien de Belgische territoriale eisen aan Duitsland zich uiteindelijk nauwelijks op deze denkbeelden baseerden, wijst deze bijdrage erop dat het discours met als doel Aken en Keulen in “ Belgische” steden te veranderen – de nadruk werd hierbij gelegd op de nauwe banden tussen “ Belgen” en “ Rijnlanders” – de basis zou leggen voor toenadering tussen de twee oude vijanden in de jaren vijftig. Van toen af aan werd het historische landschap tussen Maas en Rijn in de politieke organisatie van “ het Westen” geïntegreerd, waarvan de politieke organisatie als van primair belang werd beschouwd in het licht van de voortschrijdende Sovjetdreiging.
Interplay between Clinical Guidelines and Organizational Workflow Systems
Authors: Shabo Amnon , Parimbelli Enea , Quaglini Silvana , Napolitano Carlo , Peleg Mor
Published: July 2016

Background: Implementing a decision-support system within a healthcare organization requires integration of clinical domain knowledge with resource constraints. Computer-interpretable guidelines (CIG) are excellent instruments for addressing clinical aspects while business process management (BPM) languages and Workflow (Wf) engines manage the logistic organizational constraints.

Objectives: Our objective is the orchestra -tion of all the relevant factors needed for a successful execution of patient’s care pathways, especially when spanning the contin -uum of care, from acute to community or home care.

Methods: We considered three strategies for integrating CIGs with organizational work-flows: extending the CIG or BPM languages and their engines, or creating an interplay between them. We used the interplay approach to implement a set of use cases arising from a CIG implementation in the domain of Atrial Fibrillation. To provide a more scalable and standards-based solution, we explored the use of Cross-Enterprise Document Workflow Integration Profile.

Results: We describe our proof-of-concept implementation of five use cases. We utilized the Personal Health Record of the MobiGuide project to implement a loosely-coupled approach between the Activiti BPM engine and the Picard CIG engine. Changes in the PHR were detected by polling. IHE profiles were used to develop workflow documents that orchestrate cross-enterprise execution of cardioversion.

Conclusions: Interplay between CIG and BPM engines can support orchestration of care flows within organizational settings.
Frank Hamilton Cushing
Authors: Saumade Frédéric
Published: July 2016

L’expérience initiatique de F. H. Cushing chez les Zuñi et ses apports théoriques majeurs font de ce personnage le pionnier de l’observation participante et le découvreur de la raison structurale du totémisme, admiré par les plus grands anthropologues du début du xx e siècle. Pourtant, il apparaît aujourd’hui manifestement sous-estimé par l’histoire de la discipline. On se demandera si cette marginalisation ne tient pas à la volonté de Cushing d’être un médiateur de l’altérité amérindienne, un statut difficilement compatible avec les catégories académiques des sciences sociales.
Tratamientos térmicos del hormigón
Authors: Calleja José
Published: July 2016

Not available
Cenizas volantes
Authors: García de Paredes Pablo
Published: July 2016

Not available
Revestimientos corrosibles de las obras
Authors: Jiménez Montoya P.
Published: July 2016

Not available
Productos «Celotex» para acondicionamientos Acústicos
Authors: Editorial Equipo
Published: July 2016

Not available
A review of biological patterns of the blue-red shrimp Aristeus antennatus in the Mediterranean Sea: a case study of the population of Antalya Bay, eastern Mediterranean Sea
Authors: Cengiz Deval Mehmet , Kapiris Kostas
Published: July 2016

During three surveys between September 2009 and June 2011, a total of 20867 specimens of A. antennatus were caught from the 127 successful hauls with a total towing time of 219.5 h. Carapace length ranged between 12-61 mm for females (mean length, 35.8±8.2 mm) and 14-35 mm for males (24.8±3.4 mm). The two-way MANOVA shoved that depth had a significant effect on the abundance (p < 0.05) and biomass (p < 0.01) indices. However, season showed an insignificantly effect on both indices. The highest values of abundance and biomass were obtained in the depth stratum of 500 m. There was a statistically significant difference in the overall sex ratio from the expected 1:1 (p < 0.05). The highest percentages of mature adult females (carapace length > 27 mm) were recorded in June, July and August. The monthly gonadosomatic index of A. antennatus females changed seasonally, reaching a maximum value between July and August. The length-weight relationships in female and male specimens exhibited a strong negative allometry. The monthly length-frequency distributions showed that females of A. antennatus exhibited a maximum of six modal size groups per year. The recruitment of young-of-the-year took place mainly between January-April. The fishing mortality, reference point (F0.1) of fisheries mortality and exploitation rate were 0.498 year-1, 0.444 year-1 and 0.524 year-1, respectively. The fishery activity and the biological aspects of A. antennatus in the Antalya Bay have a lot of common and non-common points with other areas of the Mediterranean Sea. The above-men-tioned differences could be attributed to the different oceanographic and environmental parameters in the present study area.
Ex oriente lux ? La contribution de l’Orient à la quête identitaire de l’Occident au Moyen Âge et à l’époque moderne
Authors: Bernsen Michael
Published: July 2016

La métaphore de la lumière est le symbole essentiel qui caractérise la sagesse des Égyptiens. Cette «  sapientia  » sera cependant diabolisée par le judaïsme et par le christianisme, en tant que sagesse purement profane pour ne laisser à l’Égypte que l’obscurité et le rôle de «  furor  ». Il en résulte une dichotomie dans la perception de l’Est : le topique « ex oriente lux » est réservé au christianisme, celui de « ex oriente furor » à l’Égypte. Avec la diffusion du christianisme en Occident, cette codification culturelle contradictoire des espaces géographiques est devenue tradition comme le montrent la Chanson de Roland et plus tard en ce qui concerne l’Extrême Orient le Roman d’Alexandre. L’orientalisme du dix-neuvième siècle est plutôt une désignation des multiples manières de réagir face aux codes culturels des topoi «  ex oriente lux  » et «  ex oriente furor  ». Les exemples littéraires de Balzac, de Nerval et de Flaubert et, pour l’époque contemporaine postmoderne, de Houellebecq montrent à quel point les dimensions, les idées originaires des topoi «  ex oriente lux  » et «  ex oriente furor  » se sont effritées.
La légitimité du jazz et des musiques savantes
Authors: Lizé Wenceslas
Published: July 2016

L’enjeu de l’article est de montrer comment une investigation conduite sur les catégories investies par la critique musicale en ligne permet de prolonger l’analyse d’un processus social plus large : celui de la légitimation culturelle. Dans un premier temps, l’étude comparée de la légitimité culturelle des « musiques savantes » et du jazz à partir d’indicateurs classiques, notamment les caractéristiques des publics saisies à travers le traitement des enquêtes sur les pratiques culturelles des Français (de 1973 à 2008), montre que le jazz a connu au cours des cinquante dernières années un processus de légitimation qui le rapproche des « musiques savantes » dans l’espace socialement hiérarchisé des goûts. Suivant l’ambition de diversifier les indicateurs en direction notamment des manières de commenter, de fréquenter et d’apprécier les œuvres, on s’intéresse dans un second temps aux différentes façons de désigner l’amateur dans les deux genres musicaux à partir d’une recherche lexicographique sur deux webzines spécialisés, citizenjazz.com et resmusica.com. Les figures d’amateurs privilégiées par la critique en ligne, qui sont autant de postures prescrites à l’égard de la musique, varient suivant les genres et participent ainsi d’un système de classements qui traduit la valeur sociale et artistique conférée à chaque genre et aux goûts afférents.
Les formes de l'exercice critique
Authors: Beaudouin Valérie , Pasquier Dominique
Published: July 2016

La critique amateur en ligne propose-t-elle une approche des films différente de celle de la critique professionnelle ? La question est posée à partir d’un corpus de 2 300 critiques professionnelles et 40 000 critiques amateurs postées en ligne sur un site français d’information sur le cinéma. Les auteurs identifient trois différences principales : dans le choix des films critiqués, dans les manières de les noter et dans la mobilisation d’un registre émotionnel par une partie des internautes. Mais lorsqu’on croise les choix critiques (en termes de choix de films et de caractéristiques des contenus produits) avec les profils de contribution, mesurés par l’ancienneté d’inscription sur le site et le nombre de critiques produites, il apparaît que plus la pratique est régulière, plus la critique mobilise l’analyse esthétique et se rapproche des normes et des formats de la critique professionnelle.
« Ayez l’esprit critique ! »
Authors: Legrand Thomas
Published: July 2016

Un réseau social tel que YouTube permet un renouvellement des possibilités de commentaires sur l’art contemporain. Des non-spécialistes peuvent prendre la parole sur ce site d’échange de vidéos très généraliste. Loin du genre identifié de la critique d’art, ces conversations s’apparentent à des discussions ordinaires à visée polémique. Cet article tente de reconstituer la trame argumentative de ces échanges, les critères d’évaluation de l’art les plus récurrents et les lignes de fracture entre les protagonistes des débats. Confrontés à des arguments opposés, ces protagonistes doivent monter en généralité pour justifier leurs opinions par les valeurs qui les sous-tendent. Grâce à cela, nous pouvons comparer ces valeurs à celles couramment admises lors des polémiques entre experts, mais aussi cerner les stratégies de positionnement individuel, notamment les stratégies de distinction culturelle, spécifiques à ce type de participation en ligne.
La critique littéraire amateur sur les blogs de lecteurs
Authors: Bois Géraldine , Saunier Emilie , Vanhée Olivier
Published: July 2016

Les blogs de lecteurs se sont développés à partir du début des années 2000. Ils ouvrent le champ des émetteurs de jugements publics sur les livres, jusqu’alors réservé à la presse et aux médias audiovisuels. À partir d’entretiens approfondis avec des éditeurs et des blogueurs et d’une analyse de contenu de quatre blogs de lecteurs différents, l’article propose de questionner l’état des rapports de force entre critiques professionnels et blogueurs amateur du point de vue de leur pouvoir de promotion. Ses résultats permettent de nuancer une vision idéalisée d’Internet comme dispositif qui ferait des blogueurs amateur de nouveaux agents déterminants de la promotion littéraire. L’étude montre en effet que, pour la plupart des éditeurs, la concurrence entre critique amateur et critique professionnelle est très limitée et, qu’au mieux, les blogs existent aux côtés de la critique professionnelle. Seuls les plus petits éditeurs – c’est-à-dire ceux dont les pratiques promotionnelles ne sont pas en mesure de bouleverser les rapports de force entre critiques professionnels et blogueurs amateur – considèrent ces derniers comme des concurrents potentiels des premiers. Dans un second temps, l’article montre que rares sont les blogueurs qui se positionnent comme des concurrents de la critique professionnelle.
Visual Data Mining for Collaborative Filtering
Authors: Biba Marenglen , Vajjhala Narasimha Rao , Nishani Lediona
Published: July 2016

This book chapter provides a state-of-the-art survey of visual data mining techniques used for collaborative filtering. The chapter begins with a discussion on various visual data mining techniques along with an analysis of the state-of-the-art visual data mining techniques used by researchers as well as in the industry. Collaborative filtering approaches are presented along with an analysis of the state-of-the-art collaborative filtering approaches currently in use in the industry. Visual data mining can provide benefit to existing data mining techniques by providing the users with visual exploration and interpretation of data. The users can use these visual interpretations for further data mining. This chapter dealt with state-of-the-art visual data mining technologies that are currently in use apart. The chapter also includes the key section of the discussion on the latest trends in visual data mining for collaborative filtering.
A Social Knowledge Management Platform for Universal Primary Education Online
Authors: Bandyopadhyay Somprakash , Bardhan Arina , Dey Priyadarshini , Banerjee Shrabastee , Das Srimoyee , Mandal Kalyan S.
Published: July 2016

Social knowledge management is a framework that allows its users to create and modify content collaboratively using social media and web 2.0 technologies. Social knowledge management can also be defined as the management of social knowledge where it is aimed towards social development. India today is facing a huge rural-urban divide with regard to poor learning achievement at the elementary level in remote rural areas. Remote rural schools are engulfed with problems such as the unavailability of good quality teachers and a poor learning environment. In this context, the chapter seeks to utilize a robust social knowledge management framework to impart universal education in the form of both formal and informal knowledge to the masses in remote rural areas by mobilising free online knowledge resources and the dormant knowledge capital of educated senior citizens. It further illustrates the design and development of a social media based knowledge management platform named OwlishOracle that addresses issues of exclusion and unequal educational attainment through “connecting generations”.
A Novel mTORC1-Dependent, Akt-Independent Pathway Differentiates the Gut Tropism of Regulatory and Conventional CD4 T Cells
Authors: Chen Leo C. , Nicholson Yawah T. , Rosborough Brian R. , Thomson Angus W. , Raimondi Giorgio
Published: July 2016

The vitamin A metabolite all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) induces a gut-homing phenotype in activated CD4+ conventional T cells (Tconv) by upregulating the integrin α4β7 and the chemokine receptor CCR9. We report that, in contrast to mouse Tconv, only ∼50% of regulatory T cells (Treg) upregulate CCR9 when stimulated by physiological levels of ATRA, even though Tconv and Treg express similar levels of the retinoic acid receptor (RAR). The resulting bimodal CCR9 expression is not associated with differences in the extent of their proliferation, level of Foxp3 expression, or affiliation with naturally occurring Treg or induced Treg in the circulating Treg pool. Furthermore, we find that exposure of Treg to the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitor rapamycin suppresses upregulation of both CCR9 and α4β7, an effect that is not evident with Tconv. This suggests that in Treg, ATRA-induced upregulation of CCR9 and α4β7 is dependent on activation of a mTOR signaling pathway. The involvement of mTOR is independent of Akt activity, because specific inhibition of Akt, pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase-1, or its downstream target glycogen synthase kinase-3 did not prevent CCR9 expression. Additionally, Rictor (mTOR complex [mTORC]2)-deficient Treg showed unaltered ability to express CCR9, whereas Raptor (mTORC1)-deficient Treg were unable to upregulate CCR9, suggesting the selective participation of mTORC1. These findings reveal a novel difference between ATRA signaling and chemokine receptor induction in Treg versus Tconv and provide a framework via which the migratory behavior of Treg versus Tconv might be regulated differentially for therapeutic purposes.
Community-Reviewed Biological Network Models for Toxicology and Drug Discovery Applications
Authors: Namasivayam Aishwarya Alex , Morales Alejandro Ferreiro , Lacave Ángela María Fajardo , Tallam Aravind , Simovic Borislav , Alfaro David Garrido , Bobbili Dheeraj Reddy , Martin Florian , Androsova Ganna , Shvydchenko Irina , Park Jennifer , Calvo Jorge Val , Hoeng Julia , Peitsch Manuel C. , Racero Manuel González Vélez , Biryukov Maria , Talikka Marja , Pérez Modesto Berraquero , Rohatgi Neha , Díaz-Díaz Noberto , Mandarapu Rajesh , Ruiz Rubén Amián , Davidyan Sergey , Narayanasamy Shaman , Boué Stéphanie , Guryanova Svetlana , Arbas Susana Martínez , Menon Swapna , Xiang Yang
Published: July 2016

Biological network models offer a framework for understanding disease by describing the relationships between the mechanisms involved in the regulation of biological processes. Crowdsourcing can efficiently gather feedback from a wide audience with varying expertise. In the Network Verification Challenge, scientists verified and enhanced a set of 46 biological networks relevant to lung and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The networks were built using Biological Expression Language and contain detailed information for each node and edge, including supporting evidence from the literature. Network scoring of public transcriptomics data inferred perturbation of a subset of mechanisms and networks that matched the measured outcomes. These results, based on a computable network approach, can be used to identify novel mechanisms activated in disease, quantitatively compare different treatments and time points, and allow for assessment of data with low signal. These networks are periodically verified by the crowd to maintain an up-to-date suite of networks for toxicology and drug discovery applications.
How Effective is a Dental Workshop at Improving the Knowledge and Confidence of Medical Students in the Management of Dental Emergencies?
Authors: Deeb George R. , Johnson Amber , Bondarew Mikhail , Carrico Caroline , Laskin Daniel , Deeb Janina Golob
Published: July 2016

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of a three-hour hands-on workshop for medical students and residents on their pre- and postcourse knowledge and confidence in managing dental emergencies. A 1-hour lecture followed by four 20-minute “hands-on” skill stations on dental mannequins was administered to a group of 30 medical students and residents. Pre- and postworkshop questionnaire surveys were conducted. There was a significant increase in the percent of attendees who responded correctly to three of the four knowledge questions following the workshop ( P-value < 0.005). Confidence, as expressed in various statements, about treating dental emergencies was significantly improved after the lecture for eight of the nine statements. These findings indicate that dental knowledge is generally not provided during medical training. Our interactive workshop appeared to be effective in increasing this knowledge and self-reported confidence in handling dental emergencies. These findings clearly indicate the need for additional dental education during medical school. The use of a hands-on workshop may be one model for achieving this goal.
Numerical Solution of Fractional Partial Differential Equations by Discrete Adomian Decomposition Method
Authors: Dhaigude D. B. , Birajdar Gunvant A.
Published: July 2016

In this paper we find the solution of linear as well as nonlinear fractional partial differential equations using discrete Adomian decomposition method. Here we develop the discrete Adomian decomposition method to find the solution of fractional discrete diffusion equation, nonlinear fractional discrete Schrodinger equation, fractional discrete Ablowitz-Ladik equation and nonlinear fractional discrete Burger’s equation. The obtained solution is verified by comparison with exact solution whenα= 1.
Magnetoelastic Instability of a Long Graphene Nano-Ribbon Carrying Electric Current
Authors: Firouz-Abadi R. D. , Mohammadkhani H.
Published: July 2016

This paper aims at investigating the resonance frequencies and stability of a long Graphene Nano-Ribbon (GNR) carrying electric current. The governing equation of motion is obtained based on the Euler-Bernoulli beam model along with Hamilton’s principle. The transverse force distribution on the GNR due to the interaction of the electric current with its own magnetic field is determined by the Biot-Savart and Lorentz force laws. Using Galerkin’s method, the governing equation is solved and the effect of current strength and dimensions of the GNR on the stability and resonance frequencies are investigated.
Stability of Atomic Simulations with Matching Boundary Conditions
Authors: Tang Shaoqiang , Ji Songsong
Published: July 2016

We explore the stability of matching boundary conditions in one space dimension, which were proposed recently for atomic simulations (Wang and Tang, Int. J. Numer. Mech. Eng., 93 (2013), pp. 1255–1285). For a finite segment of the linear harmonic chain, we construct explicit energy functionals that decay along with time. For a nonlinear atomic chain with its nonlinearity vanished around the boundaries, an energy functional is constructed for the first order matching boundary condition. Numerical verifications are also presented.
Effect of Silanization on Microtensile Bond Strength of Different Resin Cements to a Lithium Disilicate Glass Ceramic
Authors: Gré Cristina Parise , de Ré Silveira Renan C , Shibata Shizuma , Lago Carlo TR , Vieira Luiz CC
Published: July 2016

Aim

This study evaluated the influence of a silane-coupling agent on the bond strength of a self-adhesive cement and a conventional resin cement to a lithium disilicate glass ceramic.

Materials and methods

A total of eight ceramic blocks were fabricated and divided into four groups (n = 2). In groups 1 and 3, ceramic surfaces were etched with hydrofluoric acid 10% for 20 seconds, rinsed for 30 seconds, and air-dried. One layer of a silane agent was applied onto all ceramic specimens and air-dried for 30 seconds. In groups 2 and 4, ceramic surfaces were etched with hydrofluoric acid, rinsed, and air-dried without application of the silane-coupling agent. The ceramic blocks were bonded to a block of composite with a self-adhesive resin cement or with a conventional resin cement, according to the manufacturer's instructions. After 24 hours in distilled water at 37°C, the specimens were sectioned perpendicular to the bonding interface area to obtain beams with a bonding area of 0.8 mm2 and submitted to a microtensile bond strength test at a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min. Data were statistically analyzed with one-way analysis of variance and the Games–Howell post hoc test (p = 0.05). Fractured specimens were examined under optical microscopy at 40× magnification.

Results

Silanization resulted in higher microtensile bond strength compared to groups without silane. No significant differences were found between the conventional resin cement and the self-adhesive resin cement with silane agent (p = 0.983), and without silane agent (p = 0.877).

Conclusion

Silanization appears to be crucial for resin bonding to a lithium disilicate-based ceramic, regardless of the resin cement used. The self-adhesive resin cement performed as well as the conventional resin cement.

Clinical significance

Applying one layer of a silane-coupling agent after etching the ceramic surface with hydrofluoric acid 10% enhanced the bond strength between resin cements and a glass ceramic.

How to cite this article

Gré CP, de Ré Silveira RC, Shibata S, Lago CTR, Vieira LCC. Effect of Silanization on Microtensile Bond Strength of Different Resin Cements to a Lithium Disilicate Glass Ceramic. J Contemp Dent Pract 2016;17(2):149-153.
Difference in fatty acid composition and related nutritional indices of meat
between two lines of slow-growing chickens slaughtered at different ages
Authors: Popova Teodora , Ignatova Maya , Petkov Evgeni , Stanišić Nikola
Published: July 2016

Abstract. The fatty acid profile and the related indices of the nutritional quality of breast and thigh muscles were studied in two lines of chickens – La Belle (LB) and White Plymouth Rock (WPR) – slaughtered at the age of 9 and 18 weeks. The fatty acid profile was more affected by the age than the line of the birds; however, the influence of both differed between the breast and thigh. The content of total saturated fatty acids (SFAs) increased in the thigh (P <  0.01), while that of the monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) decreased with age in both muscles (P <  0.001). This corresponded to the significant decrease in C18:1 in the older chickens and the lower desaturase activity (P <  0.001). The contents of C20:4n-6, C22:5n-3 and C22:6n-3 and the total amount of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in breast were higher (P < 0.001) at the age of 18 weeks. A similar pattern in the individual and total PUFA was observed in the thighs. The effect of line was more visible in the breast, leading to a lower C14:0 content and C20:5n-3 and a higher C18:0 content in the WPR chickens (P <  0.001), corresponding to the higher elongase and thioesterase indices in these birds. Both atherogenic (AI) and thrombogenic (TI) indices were lowered, while the ratio of hypocholesterolemic ∕ hypercholesterolemic fatty acids (h ∕ H) and polyunsaturated ∕ saturated fatty acids (P ∕ S) increased in the breast of the birds at 18 weeks. In breast and thigh meat, the ratio of n-6 ∕ n-3 PUFA decreased in the older chickens (P <  0.001).
Investigation of aerosol indirect effects on monsoon clouds using
ground-based measurements over a high-altitude site in Western Ghats
Authors: Anil Kumar Vasudevan , Pandithurai Govindan , Leena Parakkatt Parambil , Dani Kundan K. , Murugavel Palani , Sonbawne Sunil M. , Patil Rohit D. , Maheskumar Rajamma Sukumaran
Published: July 2016

Abstract. The effect of aerosols on cloud droplet number concentration and droplet effective radius is investigated from ground-based measurements over a high-altitude site where clouds pass over the surface. First aerosol indirect effect (AIE) estimates were made using (i) relative changes in cloud droplet number concentration (AIEn) and (ii) relative changes in droplet effective radius (AIEs) with relative changes in aerosol for different cloud liquid water contents (LWCs). AIE estimates from two different methods reveal that there is systematic overestimation in AIEn as compared to that of AIEs. Aerosol indirect effects (AIEn and AIEs) and dispersion effect (DE) at different LWC regimes ranging from 0.05 to 0.50 g m−3 were estimated. The analysis demonstrates that there is overestimation of AIEn as compared to AIEs, which is mainly due to DE. Aerosol effects on spectral dispersion in droplet size distribution play an important role in altering Twomey's cooling effect and thereby changes in climate. This study shows that the higher DE in the medium LWC regime offsets the AIE by 30 %.