bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Zinc Chelate Complexes of N‐Acyl Hydrazones as Substrates for Addition of Alkyl and Fluorinated Radicals
Authors: Rubanov Zakhar M. , Levin Vitalij V. , Dilman Alexander D.
Published: July 2023

Zinc chelate complexes can be generated in situ from N‐acyl hydrazones by treatment with isopropyl zinc iodide. These complexes couple with alkyl and fluorinated radicals under photoredox conditions. Alkyl radicals were generated from organozinc halides using an organic photocatalyst and afford hydrazines as a result of reductive mode of addition. Fluorinated radicals were formed from perfluorinated alkyl iodides under photoredox conditions leading to fluoroalkylated hydrazones via neutral reaction pathway.
A Generic Platform for Upcycling Polystyrene to Aryl Ketones and Organosulfur Compounds
Authors: Munyaneza Nuwayo Eric , Posada Carlos , Xu Zhen , De Altin Popiolek Vincenzo , Paddock Griffin , McKee Charles , Liu Guoliang
Published: July 2023

Polystyrene (PS) is one of the least recycled large‐volume commodity plastics due to bulkiness of foam products and associated contaminants. PS recycling is also severely hampered by the lack of financial incentive, limited versatility, and poor selectivity of existing methods. To this end, herein we report a thermochemical recycling strategy of “degradation‐upcycling” to synthesize a library of high‐value aromatic chemicals from PS wastes with high versatility and selectivity. Two cascade reactions are selected to first degrade PS to benzene under mild temperatures, followed by the derivatization thereof utilizing a variety of acyl/alkyl and sulfinyl chloride additives. To demonstrate the versatility, nine ketones and sulfides of cosmetic and pharmaceutical relevance were prepared, including propiophenone, benzophenone, and diphenyl sulfide. The approach is also amenable to sophisticated upcycling reaction designs and can produce desired products stepwise. The facile and versatile approach will provide a scalable and profitable methodology for upcycling PS waste into value‐added chemicals.
A Porous Crystalline Nitrone‐Linked Covalent Organic Framework**
Authors: Kurandina Daria , Huang Banruo , Xu Wentao , Hanikel Nikita , Darù Andrea , Stroscio Gautam D. , Wang Kaiyu , Gagliardi Laura , Toste F. Dean , Yaghi Omar M.
Published: July 2023

Herein, we report the synthesis of a nitrone‐linked covalent organic framework, COF‐115, by combining N, N′, N′, N′′′‐(ethene‐1, 1, 2, 2‐tetrayltetrakis(benzene‐4, 1‐diyl))tetrakis(hydroxylamine) and terephthaladehyde via a polycondensation reaction. The formation of the nitrone functionality was confirmed by solid‐state 13C multi cross‐polarization magic angle spinning NMR spectroscopy of the 13C‐isotope‐labeled COF‐115 and Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy. The permanent porosity of COF‐115 was evaluated through low‐pressure N2, CO2, and H2 sorption experiments. Water vapor and carbon dioxide sorption analysis of COF‐115 and the isoreticular imine‐linked COF indicated a superior potential of N‐oxide‐based porous materials for atmospheric water harvesting and CO2 capture applications. Density functional theory calculations provided valuable insights into the difference between the adsorption properties of these COFs. Lastly, photoinduced rearrangement of COF‐115 to the associated amide‐linked material was successfully demonstrated.
Sorting out journals: The proliferation of journal lists in China
Authors: Wang Jing , Halffman Willem , Zhang Yuehong Helen
Published: July 2023

Journal lists are instruments to categorize, compare, and assess research and scholarly publications. Our study investigates the remarkable proliferation of such journal lists in China, analyses their underlying values, quality criteria and ranking principles, and specifies how concerns specific to the Chinese research policy and publishing system inform these lists. Discouraged lists of “bad journals” reflect concerns over inferior research publications, but also the involved drain on public resources. Endorsed lists of “good journals” are based on criteria valued in research policy, reflecting the distinctive administrative logic of state‐led Chinese research and publishing policy, ascribing worth to scientific journals for its specific national and institutional needs. In this regard, the criteria used for journal list construction are contextual and reflect the challenges of public resource allocation in a market‐led publication system. Chinese journal lists therefore reflect research policy changes, such as a shift away from output‐dominated research evaluation, the specific concerns about research misconduct, and balancing national research needs against international standards, resulting in distinctly Chinese quality criteria. However, contrasting concerns and inaccuracies lead to contradictions in the “qualify” and “disqualify” binary logic and demonstrate inherent tensions and limitations in journal lists as policy tools.
Design and development of opto‐electrochemical biosensing devices for diagnosing chronic kidney disease
Authors: Divya  , Darshna  , Sammi Aditi , Chandra Pranjal
Published: July 2023

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is emerging as one of the major causes of the increase in mortality rate and is expected to become 5th major cause by 2050. Many studies have shown that it is majorly related to various risk factors, and thus becoming one of the major health issues around the globe. Early detection of renal disease lowers the overall burden of disease by preventing individuals from developing kidney impairment. Therefore, diagnosis and prevention of CKD are becoming the major challenges, and in this situation, biosensors have emerged as one of the best possible solutions. Biosensors are becoming one of the preferred choices for various diseases diagnosis as they provide simpler, cost‐effective and precise methods for onsite detection. In this review, we have tried to discuss the globally developed biosensors for the detection of CKD, focusing on their design, pattern, and applicability in real samples. Two major classifications of biosensors based on transduction systems, that is, optical and electrochemical, for kidney disease have been discussed in detail. Also, the major focus is given to clinical biomarkers such as albumin, creatinine, and others related to kidney dysfunction. Furthermore, the globally developed sensors for the detection of CKD are discussed in tabulated form comparing their analytical performance, response time, specificity as well as performance in biological fluids.
Passage number of cancer cell lines: Importance, intricacies, and way‐forward
Authors: Prasad Chandra Prakash , Tripathi Satyendra Chandra , Kumar Manish , Mohapatra Purusottam
Published: July 2023

Cancer cell lines play a crucial role as invaluable models in cancer research, facilitating the examination of cancer progression as well as the advancement of diagnostics and treatments. While they may not perfectly replicate the original tumor, they generally exhibit similar characteristics. Low‐passage cancer cell lines are generally preferred due to their closer resemblance to the original tumor, as long‐term culturing can alter the genetic and molecular profiles of a cell line thereby highlighting the importance of monitoring the passage number (PN). Variations in proliferation, migration, gene expression, and drug sensitivity can be linked to PN differences. PN can also influence DNA methylation levels, metabolic profiles, and the expression of genes/or proteins in cancer cell lines. When conducting research on cancer cell lines, it is crucial for researchers to carefully select the appropriate PN to maintain consistency and reliability of results. Moreover, to ensure dependability and replicability, scientists ought to actively track the growth, migration, and gene/or protein profiles of cancer cell lines at specific PNs. This approach enables the identification of the most suitable range of PNs for experiments, guaranteeing consistent and precise results. Additionally, such efforts serve to minimize disparities and uphold the integrity of research. In this review, we have laid out recommendations for laboratories to overcome these PN discrepancies when working with cancer cell lines.
A short screening tool identifying systemic barriers to distress screening in cancer care
Authors: Simnacher Felice , Götz Anna , Kling Sabine , Schulze Jan Ben , von Känel Roland , Euler Sebastian , Günther Moritz Philipp
Published: July 2023

Introduction

International guidelines on cancer treatment recommend screening for early detection and treatment of distress. However, screening rates are insufficient. In the present study, a survey was developed to assess perceived systemic barriers to distress screening.

Methods

A three‐step approach was used for the study. Based on qualitative content analysis of interviews and an expert panel, an initial survey with 53 questions on barriers to screening was designed. It was completed by 98 nurses in a large comprehensive cancer center in Switzerland. From this, a short version of the survey with 24 questions was derived using exploratory principal component analysis. This survey was completed by 150 nurses in four cancer centers in Switzerland. A confirmatory factor analysis was then performed on the shortened version, yielding a final set of 14 questions.

Results

The initial set of 53 questions was reduced to a set of 14 validated questions retaining 53% of the original variance. These 14 questions allow for an assessment within 2–3 min that identifies relevant barriers to distress screening from the perspective of those responsible for implementation of distress screening. Across several hospitals in Switzerland, the timing of the first distress screening, lack of capacity, patient and staff overload, and refusal of distressed patients to be referred to support services emerged as major problems.

Conclusion

The validated 14 questions on barriers to screening cancer patients for distress enable clinicians and hospital administrators to quickly identify relevant issues and take action to improve screening programs.
FAM60A promotes osteosarcoma development and progression
Authors: Sun Yu , Man Yu‐Nan , Cheng Jin‐hui , Li Jing‐tang , Liu Ya‐yun
Published: July 2023

Background

Osteosarcoma (OS) is a highly malignant primary bone tumor. Family of homology 60A (FAM60A) reportedly contributes to the malignant growth of some tumors.

Methods

Herein we investigated the mRNA expression level of FAM60A by combining OS and non‐cancer samples from public databases. Immunohistochemistry was performed to determine protein expression levels of FAM60A in patients with OS. Further, RT‐qPCR and western blotting were conducted to evaluate FAM60A expression in various OS cell lines. CCK‐8 assay, colony formation assay, and flow cytometry were applied to determine the function of FAM60A. Finally, functional enrichment analysis was performed based on FAM60A co‐expressed genes.

Results

FAM60A mRNA expression level was found to be significantly upregulated (standardized mean difference = 1.27, 95% CI [0.67–1.88]). Survival analyses suggested that higher expression of FAM60A was indicative of poor prognoses. Similarly, FAM60A protein expression level was also observed to be upregulated. Knocking down FAM60A expression inhibited OS cell proliferation, increased apoptosis, and blocked cells from entering the S phase. Besides, cell cycle was the most prominently enriched pathway, and BUB1, DTL, and EXO1 were identified as hub genes.

Conclusions

FAM60A expression was found to be markedly upregulated in OS; furthermore, FAM60A was observed to promote OS cell proliferation, inhibit apoptosis, and participate in cell cycle regulation. Besides, FAM60A may interact with hub genes to participate in the progress of OS.
Prevention of Swelling Phenomenon of Alginate Beads To Improve the Stability and Recyclability of Encapsulated Horse Liver Alcohol Dehydrogenase
Authors: Vetrano Alice , Gabriele Francesco , Spreti Nicoletta
Published: July 2023

Horse Liver Alcohol Dehydrogenase (HLADH) has been immobilized on calcium‐alginate beads and used for both oxidation and reduction reactions. To avoid swelling of the beads and their subsequent breakage, calcium ions were added to both reaction and storage solutions, allowing the beads to maintain the initial structural features. The techniques used for this purpose revealed that 2 mM Ca2+ is the optimal concentration, which does not significantly change the weight of the beads, the amount of water in them, and their external and internal structure. The optimized experimental procedure has been used to verify the properties of the enzyme in terms of reusability, storage, and thermal stability. The addition of calcium ions allows the enzyme to retain more than 80 % of its initial activity for fourteen cycles and approximately 50 % at the twentieth cycle. Moreover, when the biocatalyst has been stored in a buffer solution containing 2 mM Ca2+, the retention of enzyme activity after 30 days was 100 %, compared to that measured before incubation. The encapsulated enzyme exhibits greater thermal stability than free HLADH up to at least 60 °C, preventing dimer dissociation into the two subunits.
An HIV‐positive woman with massive brain lesion due to toxoplasmosis: A case report
Authors: Ghasemikhah Reza , Hakimzadeh Zahra , Gilani Abolfazl , Sarmadian Hossein , Sarmadian Roham , Yousefbeigi Negin
Published: July 2023

Key Clinical Message

Toxoplasmosis‐related huge brain lesions may require decompressive craniectomy and lesion excision to avoid brain damage. In this situation, injectable cotrimoxazole is a better choice for treatment.

Toxoplasma gondii is a worldly distributed obligate intracellular protozoa. Toxoplasmosis is a prevalent opportunistic infection in HIV‐infected people, but it was rarely recorded prior to the identification of HIV infection. Here, we report a toxoplasmosis brain lesion in an Iranian HIV‐positive patient. A 45‐year‐old woman with a complaint of malaise was referred to the Valiasr Hospital in Arak city. In her past clinical history, the patient had a history of anemia, deep vein thrombosis (DVT), and positive HIV. The patient was informed of the diagnosis of massive brain toxoplasmosis as a definite diagnosis. The patient was then taken to the operating room for a left decompressive craniectomy, during which the ensuing brain lesion was excised. After a few days, she was discharged from the hospital in good condition and without any complications.
Direct Arylation Polycondensation of Thiophene‐Based C−H Monomers†
Authors: Zhang Xuwen , Shi Yibo , Deng Yunfeng , Geng Yanhou
Published: July 2023

Comprehensive Summary

Direct arylation polycondensation (DArP) has emerged as an eco‐friendly and atom‐efficient methodology for the syntheses of π‐conjugated polymers (CPs). This approach features the direct C—H arylation of an aromatic hydrocarbon with an aryl halide. Given the prevalence of thiophene‐containing CPs, achieving efficient and defect‐free DArP of thiophene‐based C−H monomers is of great significance. This review presents a mechanistic insight into DArP and describes the development of DArP catalytic systems for varied thiophene‐based C−H monomers. Moreover, the control of the primary defects (i.e., branching and homo‐coupling) in thiophene‐based DArP is also elaborated. By emphasizing the principles behind monomer selection and catalytic system optimization, this review intends to provide a framework for future advancements in the DArP of thiophene‐containing CPs.
A potential posttranscriptional regulator for p60‐katanin: miR‐124‐3p
Authors: Kaya Yesim , Korulu Sirin , Tunoglu Ezgi Nurdan Yenilmez , Yildiz Aysegul
Published: July 2023

Katanin is a microtubule severing protein belonging to the ATPase family and consists of two subunits; p60‐katanin synthesized by the KATNA1 gene and p80‐katanin synthesized by the KATNB1 gene. Microtubule severing is one of the mechanisms that allow the reorganization of microtubules depending on cellular needs. While this reorganization of microtubules is associated with mitosis in dividing cells, it primarily takes part in the formation of structures such as axons and dendrites in nondividing mature neurons. Therefore, it is extremely important in neuronal branching. p60 and p80 katanin subunits coexist in the cell. While p60‐katanin is responsible for cutting microtubules with its ATPase function, p80‐katanin is responsible for the regulation of p60‐katanin and its localization in the centrosome. Although katanin has vital functions in the cell, there are no known posttranscriptional regulators of it. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a group of small noncoding ribonucleotides that have been found to have important roles in regulating gene expression posttranscriptionally. Despite being important in gene regulation, so far no microRNA has been experimentally associated with katanin regulation. In this study, the effects of miR‐124‐3p, which we detected as a result of bioinformatics analysis to have the potential to bind to the p60 katanin mRNA, were investigated. For this aim, in this study, SH‐SY5Y neuroblastoma cells were transfected with pre‐miR‐124‐3p mimics and pre‐mir miRNA precursor as a negative control, and the effect of this transfection on p60‐katanin expression was measured at both RNA and protein levels by quantitative real‐time PCR (qRT‐PCR) and western blotting, respectively. The results of this study showed for the first time that miR‐124‐3p, which was predicted to bind p60‐katanin mRNA by bioinformatic analysis, may regulate the expression of the KATNA1 gene. The data obtained within the scope of this study will make important contributions in order to better understand the regulation of the expression of p60‐katanin which as well will have an incontrovertible impact on the understanding of the importance of cytoskeletal reorganization in both mitotic and postmitotic cells.
Ab Initio Molecular Dynamics Study of H2 Dissociation Mechanisms on Cu13 and Defective Graphene‐supported Cu13 Clusters: Active Sites, Energy Barriers and Adsorption States
Authors: Li Yueru , Wang Dunyou
Published: July 2023

Ab initio molecular dynamics calculations were performed to study H2 dissociation mechanisms on Cu13 and defective graphene‐supported Cu13 clusters. The study reveals that seven types of corresponding dissociation processes are found on the two clusters. The average dissociation energy barriers are 0.51 eV on the Cu13 cluster and 0.12 eV on the defective graphene‐supported Cu13 cluster, which are lowered by ~19 % and ~81 % compared with the pristine Cu(111) surface, respectively. Furthermore, compared with the pure Cu13 cluster, the average dissociation energy barrier on the defective graphene‐supported Cu13 cluster is substantially reduced by about 76 %. The preferred dissociation mechanisms on the two clusters are H2 located at a top‐bridge site with the barrier heights of 0.30 eV on the Cu13 cluster and −0.31 eV on the defective graphene‐supported Cu13 cluster. Analysis of the H−Cu bond interactions in the transition states shows that the antibonding‐orbital center shifts upward on the defective graphene‐supported Cu13 cluster compared with the one on the Cu13 cluster, which explains the reduction of the dissociation energy barrier. The average adsorption energy of dissociated H atoms is also greatly enhanced on the defective graphene‐supported Cu13 cluster, about twice that on the Cu13 cluster.
Microwave‐Assisted One‐Step Synthesis of 2′,3′‐Cyclic Phosphates of Nucleosides
Authors: Veena Kollery S. , Cruz Harold A. , Krishnamurthy Ramanarayanan
Published: July 2023

2′,3′‐Cyclic canonical nucleotides are an important class of compounds playing broad roles in regulating biological processes and are investigated in the context of prebiotic chemistry as activated nucleotides for oligonucleotide formation. Despite their growing importance, synthetic access of 2′,3′‐cyclic nucleotides is constrained, resulting in their cost‐prohibitive commercial prices. Here, we describe a microwave‐assisted one‐pot synthesis starting from commercially available nucleosides employing an easily available cyclophosphorylating reagent, bis(dimethyldiamino)phosphorodiamidate (BDMDAP). The corresponding 2′,3′‐cyclic nucleotides are isolated in good yields (70‐91%) by a simple ion‐exchange column with no further workup. The nucleosides require no protecting group as the cyclophosphorylation reaction is selective for the 2′,3′‐dihydroxyl groups. The experimental protocol is robust and can be run in parallel to provide access to gram quantities of these 2′,3′‐cyclic nucleotides within a day. © 2023 The Authors. Current Protocols published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.

Basic Protocol: Procedure for the phosphorylation of nucleoside (2′,3′‐cyclic phosphates of nucleosides)

Support Protocol: Synthesis of bis(dimethylamino)phosphorodiamidate sodium salt
Power pool‐based supervisory coordinate control strategy for DC microgrids
Authors: Verma Shivpal R. , Ballal Makarand S. , Suryawanshi Hiralal M. , Deshmukh Rohit R. , Wakode Sarvesh A.
Published: July 2023

Standalone DC microgrids are progressively becoming explored in the modern power system. Proper voltage regulation and effective power distribution among sources are the main challenges for DC microgrid operation. A supervisory coordinated control strategy for proportionate power‐sharing and enhanced voltage regulation is presented in this paper to overcome these challenges. The formation of multiple power pools on the basis of available power from each renewable energy source (RES) is a crucial element of this approach. It modifies the power sharing between power pools and individual sources based on the amount of power available in the sources. In addition, for effective power management, it coordinates the operation of all power pools with all RESs. Also, by reducing the charging and discharging cycle of energy storage systems (ESSs), it is possible to make effective use of ESSs. The proposed control adapts to intermittent RESs and changes in the microgrid network. The proposed method's capabilities are validated by experimental results.
MADERA: A standardized Pan‐Amazonian dataset for tropical timber species
Authors: Herrera‐Alvarez Ximena , Blanco Juan A. , Phillips Oliver L. , Guadalupe Vicente , Ortega‐López Leonardo D. , ter Steege Hans , Rivas‐Torres Gonzalo
Published: July 2023

We compiled and presented a dataset for all timber species reported in the Amazon region from all nine South American Amazonian countries. This was based on official information from every country, as well as from two substantial scientific references. We verified the standard taxonomic names from each individual source, using the Taxonomic Name Resolution Service (TNRS) and considered all Amazonian tree species with diameter at breast height (DBH) ≥10 cm. We also obtained estimates of the current population size for most species from a published approach based on data from 1900 tree inventory plots (1‐ha each) distributed across the Amazon region and part from the Amazon Tree Diversity Network (ATDN). We then identified the hyperdominant timber species. In addition, we overlapped our timber species list with data for species that are used for commercial purposes, according to the International Tropical Timber Organization (ITTO), the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) and the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) taxa assessment and Red List categories. Finally, we also included IUCN Red List categories based on combined deforestation, and climate change scenarios for these species. Our final Amazonian timber species dataset contains 1112 unique species records, which belong to 337 genera and 72 families from the lowland Amazonian rainforest, with associated information related to population, conservation, and trade status of each species. The authors of this research expect that the information provided will be useful to strengthen the public forestry policies of the Amazon countries, inform ecological studies, as well for forest management purposes. The data are released under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license.
Performance‐based seismic classification of acceleration‐sensitive non‐structural elements
Authors: Merino Roberto J. , Perrone Daniele , Nascimbene Roberto , Filiatrault Andre
Published: July 2023

This paper presents a general seismic classification procedure for acceleration‐sensitive non‐structural elements (NSEs) based on seismic qualification shake table testing and provides an application example for electrical cabinets in Italy. The proposed seismic classification procedure requires the definition of a set of required response spectra (RRS) for qualification shake table testing defined at different seismic hazard levels and the definition of a formal procedure to generate a test input motion. Each required response spectrum at a given seismic hazard level is then linked to different class levels and the requirements that an NSE should present to achieve each class level are defined. Using this framework, a seismic classification procedure for NSEs is developed for Italy, in which, the RRS are defined according to a peak floor spectral acceleration seismic hazard map of the territory so as to predefine regions in which an NSE belonging to a given class can be installed or not according to either a life safety performance objective or a continuous operation performance objective. Also, the limitations of the proposed seismic classification procedure are outlined. Finally, a nominal application example is presented in which four electrical cabinet specimens were tested on a shake table and their class levels were defined. The results of the application example are used to nominally show how the proposed classification procedure could be applied to discriminate between different types of the same NSE depending on the specific desired application.
Methodological quality and recommendations of hemophilia clinical practice guidelines: A scoping review
Authors: Delgado‐Flores Carolina J. , García‐Gomero David , Pinedo‐Castillo Liseth , Taype‐Rondan Alvaro
Published: July 2023

Background and Aims

Hemophilia clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) play a vital role in guiding healthcare professionals' decisions. However, the quality and recommendations of CPGs for hemophilia may vary. This study aimed to assess the methodological quality of hemophilia CPGs published between 2017 and 2021 and compare their recommendations for prophylaxis using clotting factor concentrate.

Methods

We conducted a comprehensive search for relevant CPGs in PubMed, TripDatabase, Grades of Recommendation, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) International Guidelines Database, Google Scholar, and Google. We used the AGREE‐II instrument to assess the methodological quality of each CPG and compared their recommendations for prophylaxis.

Results

Of the 11 CPGs that met the inclusion criteria, 5/11 were developed in upper‐middle‐income countries, and 6/11 used the GRADE methodology. The primary prophylaxis dose recommendations varied among the CPGs, with 4/11 recommending a low dose, 6/11 recommending an intermediate or high dose, and 1/11 not issuing a recommendation. However, only 2/11 CPGs provided justification for their recommendations on initiation and dose, and no economic evaluations were conducted to support these recommendations.

Conclusion

The quality of hemophilia CPGs is not optimal, with inconsistent recommendations for prophylaxis and a lack of justification for these recommendations. To ensure evidence‐based and trustworthy recommendations, there is a need for transparency and improvement in the decision‐making process of hemophilia CPGs.
Magnitude of general anxiety disorder among nursing students and its associated factors
Authors: Martínez‐Vázquez Sergio , Martínez‐Galiano Juan Miguel , Peinado‐Molina Rocío Adriana , Hernández‐Martínez Antonio
Published: July 2023

Background

University training in nursing together with other student variables can increase the risk of anxiety in students. It is important to assess the student's level of anxiety, which can have repercussions on their training and mental health. There are several validated tools such as the generalized anxiety disorder scale (GAD‐7).

Objective

To know which factors are associated with the appearance of anxiety and which protect against it in university nursing students.

Method

A cross‐sectional descriptive study was carried out in which 170 university nursing students from University of Jaén participated. A bivariate and multivariate analysis was performed, calculating odds ratio and adjusted odds ratio (aOR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) to determine which factors were associated with a higher score on the GAD‐7 questionnaire, and therefore with the presence of anxiety.

Results

In total, 66.5% (113) of the students have suffered an anxiety crisis on some occasion and 48.8% (83) of the students did not carry out activities of any kind to control anxiety and stress. Practicing religious and spiritual beliefs increased the probability of having anxiety compared to those who did not have religious beliefs (aOR = 3.92; 95% CI = 1.09, 14.08), as well as having previously suffered an anxiety crisis (aOR = 5.13; 95% CI = 2.39, 11.04). Protective factors against anxiety appear to be second‐year students (aOR = 0.33; 95% CI = 0.16, 0.72) and being deeply satisfied with the teaching staff (aOR = 0.03; 95% CI = 0.01, 0.79).

Discussion/Implications for practice

Knowing the factors that are associated with the appearance of anxiety is necessary to facilitate early detection and care in nursing university students.
Cytotoxicity of alkaline serine protease (ASPNJ) on Jurkat cells and its correlation with changes in the expression of membrane‐associated proteins
Authors: Zhang Jianyi , Li Chunhua , Ren Kai , Hong Min , Cui Jiayue , Liu Jiankai
Published: July 2023

We aim to study the inhibitory effect of alkaline serine protease (ASPNJ) on lymphocytic leukemia Jurkat cells and its related mechanism through examining the expression of membrane proteins or membrane‐associated proteins. MTT assay and trypan blue staining were used to detect the inhibitory effect of ASPNJ on the proliferation and growth of Jurkat cells. Wright‐Giemsa staining was used to observe the effect of ASPNJ on the morphology of Jurkat cells. The effect of ASPNJ on Jurkat cell apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry. Two‐dimensional electrophoresis‐mass spectrometry (2‐DE‐MS) was used to detect and identify the differentially expressed proteins of Jurkat cells treated with ASPNJ (4 μg/mL, 3 h), of which three were selected and verified by Western blot. ASPNJ significantly inhibited the proliferation of leukemia cells (Raji, U937, and Jurkat), caused obvious morphological changes, and induced apoptosis of Jurkat cells. ASPNJ also increased the sensitivity of Jurkat cells to vincristine (VCR). Seven differentially expressed proteins were obtained through 2DE‐MS, of which Peroxiredoxin‐6 (PRDX6), Calcium‐binding protein (CHP1), and 40S ribosomal protein SA (RPSA) were validated. ASPNJ can cause significant toxic effects on Jurkat cells and enhance the effects of VCR. The mechanism of action of ASPNJ on Jurkat cells may be related to differentially expressed proteins such as PRDX6. This study provides a new experimental basis and direction for antileukemia research.
PassivePy: A tool to automatically identify passive voice in big text data
Authors: Sepehri Amir , Mirshafiee Mitra Sadat , Markowitz David M.
Published: July 2023

The academic study of grammatical voice (e.g., active and passive voice) has a long history in the social sciences. It has been examined in relation to psychological distance, attribution, credibility, and deception. Most evaluations of passive voice are experimental or small‐scale field studies, however, and perhaps one reason for its lack of adoption is the difficulty associated with obtaining valid, reliable, and replicable results through automated means. We introduce an automated tool to identify passive voice from large‐scale text data, PassivePy, a Python package (readymade website: https://passivepy.streamlit.app/). This package achieves 98% agreement with human‐coded data for grammatical voice as revealed in two large validation studies. In this paper, we discuss how PassivePy works, and present preliminary empirical evidence of how passive voice connects to various behavioral outcomes across three contexts relevant to consumer psychology: product complaints, online reviews, and charitable giving. Future research can build on this work and further explore the potential relevance of passive voice to consumer psychology and beyond.
Plasma extracellular vesicle proteins as promising noninvasive biomarkers for diagnosis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
Authors: Adduri Raju S. R. , Cai Kai , Velasco‐Alzate Karen , Vasireddy Ravikiran , Miller Jeffrey W. , de Frías Sergio Poli , de Frías Fernando Poli , Horimasu Yasushi , Iwamoto Hiroshi , Hattori Noboru , Zhang Yingze , Gibson Kevin F. , Pal Anoop K. , Chen Zhe , Nicastro Daniela , Li Li , Cherian Sujith , Sholl Lynette M. , Shetty Sreerama , Ndetan Harrison , Maeda Anthony H. , Ferretto Maria A. Planchart , Hunninghake Gary M. , Schwartz David A. , Kass Daniel J. , Rosas Ivan O. , Konduru Nagarjun V.
Published: July 2023

High‐resolution computed tomography (HRCT) imaging is critical for diagnostic evaluation of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF). However, several other interstitial lung diseases (ILDs) often exhibit radiologic pattern similar to IPF on HRCT making the diagnosis of the disease difficult. Therefore, biomarkers that distinguish IPF from other ILDs can be a valuable aid in diagnosis. Using mass spectrometry, we performed proteomic analysis of plasma extracellular vesicles (EVs) in patients diagnosed with IPF, chronic hypersensitivity pneumonitis, nonspecific interstitial pneumonitis, and healthy subjects. A five‐protein signature was identified by lasso regression and was validated in an independent cohort using ELISA. The five‐protein signature derived from mass spectrometry data showed an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.915 (95%CI: 0.819–1.011) and 0.958 (95%CI: 0.882–1.034) for differentiating IPF from other ILDs and from healthy subjects, respectively. Stepwise backwards elimination yielded a model with 3 and 2 proteins for discriminating IPF from other ILDs and healthy subjects, respectively, without compromising diagnostic accuracy. In summary, we discovered and validated EV protein biomarkers for differential diagnosis of IPF in independent cohorts. Interestingly, the biomarker panel could also distinguish IPF and healthy subjects with high accuracy. The biomarkers need to be evaluated in large prospective cohorts to establish their clinical utility.
Systematic review of the values and preferences regarding the use of injectable pre‐exposure prophylaxis to prevent HIV acquisition
Authors: Lorenzetti Lara , Dinh Nhi , van der Straten Ariane , Fonner Virginia , Ridgeway Kathleen , Rodolph Michelle , Schaefer Robin , Schmidt Heather‐Marie A. , Baggaley Rachel
Published: July 2023

Introduction

Pre‐exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is an important HIV prevention option. Two randomized trials have provided efficacy evidence for long‐acting injectable cabotegravir (CAB‐LA) as PrEP. In considering CAB‐LA as an additional PrEP modality for people at substantial risk of HIV, it is important to understand community response to injectable PrEP. We conducted a systematic review of values, preferences and perceptions of acceptability for injectable PrEP to inform global guidance.

Methods

We searched nine databases and conference websites for peer‐reviewed and grey literature (January 2010−September 2021). There were no restrictions on location. A two‐stage review process assessed references against eligibility criteria. Data from included studies were organized by constructs from the Theoretical Framework of Acceptability.

Results

We included 62 unique references. Most studies were observational, cross‐sectional and qualitative. Over half of the studies were conducted in North America. Men who have sex with men were the most researched group. Most studies (57/62) examined injectable PrEP, including hypothetical injectables (55/57) or placebo products (2/57). Six studies examined CAB‐LA specifically. There was overall interest in and often a preference for injectable PrEP, though there was variation within and across groups and regions. Many stakeholders indicated that injectable PrEP could help address adherence challenges associated with daily or on‐demand dosing for oral PrEP and may be a better lifestyle fit for individuals seeking privacy, discretion and infrequent dosing. End‐users reported concerns, including fear of needles, injection site pain and body location, logistical challenges and waning or incomplete protection.

Discussion

Despite an overall preference for injectable PrEP, heterogeneity across groups and regions highlights the importance of enabling end‐users to choose a PrEP modality that supports effective use. Like other products, preference for injectable PrEP may change over time and end‐users may switch between prevention options. There will be a greater understanding of enacted preference as more end‐users are offered anti‐retroviral (ARV)‐containing injectables. Future research should focus on equitable implementation, including real‐time decision‐making and how trained healthcare providers can support choice.

Conclusions

Given overall acceptability, injectable PrEP should be included as part of a menu of prevention options, allowing end‐users to select the modality that suits their preferences, needs and lifestyle.
Nutritional profiling and quantitative analysis of amino acids and vitamins using LC–MS/MS in selected raw and germinated ancient grains
Authors: Navami M. M. , Abraham Billu , Archana Haridas , Nisha P.
Published: July 2023

Background

Ancient grains are grains that have remained unchanged over the past decades. Among them, millets and pseudocereals are highly nutritious underutilized grains that are gluten free. The present study compares the nutritional composition of nine important ancient grains in its raw and germinated forms.

Results

Among the grains studied, amaranth had the highest protein content (14.52%), followed by proso (13.04%) and foxtail millets (12.78%). Amino acid analysis was carried out using LC–MS/MS. Besides amaranth, barnyard, pearl, and proso millets contained considerable amount of essential amino acids. The lysine content of sorghum has increased four folds during germination. Valine, histidine, and glutamic acid contents increased marginally upon sprouting. These grains were also found to contain significant amount of B complex vitamins. The ascorbic acid content of the grains increased considerably upon germination especially in foxtail millet (78.03–30452.90 ng/g).

Conclusion

The present study is the first comparative study that has brought out the distinct nutritional superiority of the ancient grains in their raw and germinated forms. These gluten‐free grains can be utilized to improve the nutritional demand and food security of the growing population.
Plastic surgery market share of breast reconstructive procedures: An analysis of two nationwide databases
Authors: Rochlin Danielle H. , Matros Evan , Shamsunder Meghana G. , Rubenstein Robyn , Nelson Jonas A. , Sheckter Clifford C.
Published: July 2023

Background and Objectives

Given advances that streamline breast reconstruction (e.g., prepectoral placement, acellular dermal matrix [ADM], oncoplastic surgery), there is concern that nonplastic surgeons are performing a growing proportion of breast reconstructive procedures. The purpose of this study was to evaluate US trends in the market share of breast reconstruction performed by plastic compared to general surgeons.

Methods

IBM® MarketScan® Commercial Claims 2006–2017 and NSQIP 2005–2020 were queried to identify women who underwent mastectomy with alloplastic (tissue expander or implant‐based) or free flap reconstruction, or lumpectomy with oncoplastic reconstruction (breast reduction, mastopexy, or local/regional flap). MarketScan included immediate and delayed reconstructions, while all NSQIP reconstructions were immediate. Poisson regression with incident rate ratios (IRRs) modeled trends in surgeon type over time.

Results

The cohort included 65 168 encounters from MarketScan and 73 351 from NSQIP. Plastic surgeons performed 95.8% of free flap, 93.8% of alloplastic, and 64.9% of oncoplastic reconstructions. Plastic surgeons performed an increasing proportion of immediate oncoplastic reduction and mastopexy (MarketScan IRR: 1.077, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.060–1.094, p < 0.001; NSQIP IRR: 1.041, 95% CI: 1.030–1.052, p < 0.001). There were no clinically significant trends for delayed oncoplastic, alloplastic, or free flap reconstructions. Plastic surgeons were more likely to use ADM compared to general surgeons in NSQIP (p < 0.001).

Conclusions

Plastic surgeons gained market share in immediate oncoplastic breast reduction and mastopexy over the past two decades without any loss in alloplastic or free flap breast reconstruction. Plastic surgeons should continue collaboration with breast surgical oncologists to reinforce the shared surgeon model for management of breast cancer.
Simple and selective extraction of quercetin with microextraction in packed syringe method using modified glass powder by a molecularly imprinted polymer followed by spectrophotometric determination
Authors: Sharifi Arman , Bahar Soleiman , Hallaj Rahman
Published: July 2023

A new sample preparation method based on microextraction in packed syringe was developed for preconcentration of quercetin prior to its spectrophotometric determination. Molecularly imprinted polymers as packing material was used for higher extraction efficiency. First, glass powder as support material because of low cost and available substrate was modified, and then molecularly imprinted polymers were synthesized by the sol–gel method using 3‐aminopropyltriethoxysilane as a functional monomer and tetraethyl orthosilicate as cross‐linker agent. The combination of a molecularly imprinted polymers and microextraction in packed syringe increased the selectivity and sensitivity. The surface morphology and functionality of the prepared molecularly imprinted polymers was characterized using Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy, Field emission scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis. Different influencing parameters on extraction efficiency such as effect of the number of sample sorption/desorption cycles, type and volume of desorption solvent, pH of the sample solution, and molecularly imprinted polymers amounts were optimized. Under the optimum condition, the proposed method displayed a linear range from 0.01 to 5 µg mL−1 and limit of detection 3.68 ng mL−1. Relative standard deviation for three replicate determination of 1 µg mL−1 quercetin was 2.1 %. The proposed method was applied successfully for the selective extraction of quercetin from tea and coffee samples.
Nuclear magnetic resonance‐based structural elucidation of novel marine glycans and derived oligosaccharides
Authors: Dwivedi Rohini , Maurya Antim K. , Ahmed Hoda , Farrag Marwa , Pomin Vitor H.
Published: July 2023

Marine glycans of defined structures are unique representatives among all kinds of structurally complex glycans endowed with important biological actions. Besides their unique biological properties, these marine sugars also enable advanced structure–activity relationship (SAR) studies given their distinct and defined structures. However, the natural high molecular weights (MWs) of these marine polysaccharides, sometimes even bigger than 100 kDa, pose a problem in many biophysical and analytical studies. Hence, the preparation of low MW oligosaccharides becomes a strategy to overcome the problem. Regardless of the polymeric or oligomeric lengths of these molecules, structural elucidation is mandatory for SAR studies. For this, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy plays a pivotal role. Here, we revisit the NMR‐based structural elucidation of a series of marine sulfated poly/oligosaccharides discovered in our laboratory within the last 2 years. This set of structures includes the α‐glucan extracted from the bivalve Marcia hiantina; the two sulfated galactans extracted from the red alga Botryocladia occidentalis; the fucosylated chondroitin sulfate isolated from the sea cucumber Pentacta pygmaea; the oligosaccharides produced from the fucosylated chondroitin sulfates from this sea cucumber species and from another species, Holothuria floridana; and the sulfated fucan from this later species. Specific 1H and 13C chemical shifts, generated by various 1D and 2D homonuclear and heteronuclear NMR spectra, are exploited as the primary source of information in the structural elucidation of these marine glycans.
Can text messages reduce incarceration in rural and vulnerable populations?
Authors: Owens Emily , Sloan CarlyWill
Published: July 2023

Reducing failures to appear (FTA) in court is a top priority for criminal justice practitioners and advocates. However, existing work on reducing FTAs through text message reminders focuses on large urban jurisdictions and defendants who are housed. Using a field study in Shasta County, California, we evaluate whether text message outreach can increase court appearances for housed and unhoused populations. We find housed defendants randomly assigned to the treatment group were 10% less likely to miss their next scheduled court date than defendants in the control group. We find no statistical difference in the FTA rate of unhoused individuals assigned to treatment or control groups, and cannot rule out large positive or negative effects. We find that improving the quality of contact information in court records could lead to large reductions in FTAs. Partnering with local social service providers may not, but more research is needed.
Synergism of triazine containing dopamine to flame retardancy, smoke suppression, and mechanical properties of thermoplastic polyurethane/ammonium polyphosphate
Authors: Xu Yao , Wang Bingtao , Guo Zhenghong , Fang Zhengping , Li Juan , Chen Peng
Published: July 2023

A dopamine‐triazine compound (TTD) was synthesized by using dopamine and cyanuric chloride. The TTD and ammonium polyphosphate (APP) were combined to improve the flame retardancy of thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU). The flame retardancy, thermal stability and mechanical properties of TPU blends were investigated. TPU containing 8 wt% APP displays a UL‐94 V0 rating and a limiting oxygen index (LOI) of 30.0 vol%. When APP and TTD are combined at a ratio of 7/1 (wt%/wt%), only 5 wt% flame retardant is needed to endow TPU with a UL‐94 V0 rating, suggesting that a good synergistic effect exists between APP and TTD on enhancing flame retardancy of TPU. In addition, TTD reduces the heat release rate of TPU, suppresses the smoke and toxic gas release and promotes the formation of an intumescent char layer with few defects during combustion. In addition, TTD improves the tensile properties of TPU/APP blends.