bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tumor marrom do hiperparatireoidismo: relato de caso
Authors: Queiroz Ana Paula Menezes Vaz , Oliveira João Frank Carvalho de , Ribeiro Patricia Leite
Published: January 2020

Introdução: a prevalência de doenças endócrino-metabólicas, como, por exemplo, o hiperparatireoidismo, tem crescido com a melhoria da expectativa de vida da população e pode levar a alterações no sistema estomatognático. Objetivo: relatar um caso clínico de um paciente com diagnóstico de tumor marrom associado ao hiperparatireoidismo. Metodologia: a metodologia adotada neste artigo foi o relato de caso, através da revisão de prontuário de um paciente atendido no ambulatório da disciplina de Estomatologia II na Faculdade de Odontologia da Universidade Federal da Bahia. Resultados: Clinicamente, observou-se um aumento de volume da hemiface esquerda  e, radiograficamente, pôde-se observar imagem radiopaca envolvendo processo alveolar e seio maxilar esquerdo. Além disso, os exames laboratoriais mostraram elevados níveis do hormônio paratireoidiano. Conclusão: as características clínicas, radiológicas e histológicas das lesões de tumor marrom devem ser analisadas junto à condição sistêmica do indivíduo, a fim de propiciar correto diagnóstico e intervenção precisa
Avaliação de assimetria hemisférica funcional em pacientes com doença de Alzheimer
Authors: Silva Tandara Oliveira Benevides , Yang Albert C. , Sena Eduardo Pondé de
Published: January 2020

Introdução: as assimetrias cerebrais constituem aspectos fundamentais para a organização funcional e o processamento cognitivo. Estudos prévios têm reportado que alterações no padrão de assimetria hemisférica existentes em algumas patologias reduzem a eficiência no processamento de informação. Objetivos: avaliar a assimetria hemisférica funcional a partir de padrões de homofilia e heterofilia; analisar a assimetria da conectividade funcional de redes dinâmicas em portadores de Alzheimer. Metodologia: foram construídas redes funcionais dinâmicas do córtex cerebral de pacientes com diferentes níveis de Alzheimer (muito leve, leve e moderado a grave) e do grupo de controle a partir de EEG (19 eletrodos, Sistema 10-20). Tais redes foram geradas a partir do método de associação sincronização por motifs e representadas através de grafos variantes no tempo e de redes estáticas agregadas. Essas redes foram avaliadas por meio de índices de assimetria e conectividade. Resultados: os resultados mostram uma tendência à redução da homofilia com a progressão da enfermidade, quando se compara ao controle, além de um leve aumento do índice para o último estágio, se comparado aos estágios iniciais da doença. A assimetria para a conectividade funcional, por sua vez, mostrou uma propensão a maior conectividade para o hemisfério direito, salvo para o estágio moderado a grave. Conclusão: embora os resultados não tenham apresentado diferenças significativas, eles indicam tendências de alteração no padrão de homofilia e na assimetria da conectividade funcional em redes funcionais dinâmicas de pacientes com Alzheimer.

 
Tipos craniofaciais e relação com a síndrome da apneia obstrutiva do sono
Authors: Galtieri Ranuzia Mercês Santos , Salles Cristina , Melo Ailton , Souza-Machado Adelmir
Published: January 2020

Introdução: fatores anatômicos, como obesidade e alterações craniofaciais, interagem na etiologia e na expressão da Síndrome da Apneia Obstrutiva do Sono. Dimensões cranianas e faciais são usadas para classificar os diferentes fenótipos mediante duas medidas antropométricas: o índice craniano e o índice facial. Objetivo: avaliar a possível associação dos tipos cranianos e faciais ao risco da Síndrome da Apneia Obstrutiva do Sono, obtido pelo questionário de Berlim. Metodologia: participaram do estudo 34 indivíduos (76,5 % mulheres), com mediana de idade= 59 (56,8 - 65) anos, avaliados quanto ao risco da Síndrome da Apneia Obstrutiva do Sono, através do questionário de Berlim e medidas antropométricas: índice de massa corporal, circunferência cervical, circunferência abdominal, índice craniano e índice facial. Resultados: foram encontradas as medidas índice de massa corporal=30,3 (24,7 - 37,4) kg /m², circunferência cervical=37,6 (33,9 - 41,6) cm e circunferência abdominal=102,0 (91,8 - 116,1) cm. No grupo de alto risco para essa Síndrome, houve predominância tipo craniano braquicefálico= 40,7 %, e o tipo facial euriprosópico= 37,0 %. Conclusão: através do presente estudo foi possível observar que idade, obesidade, tipo craniano braquicefálico e face euriprosópica associaram-se ao alto risco de Síndrome da Apneia Obstrutiva do Sono.

 
A influência do uso da simeticona nos resultados do exame salivar: estudo preliminar
Authors: Sanches Ana Carla Barletta , Araújo Danilo Barral de , Martins Gabriela Botelho
Published: January 2020

Introdução: o uso da simeticona após coleta salivar é pouco descrito na literatura, sendo indicado para a obtenção de quantitativo maior da amostra. Todavia poucos são os estudos sobre a interferência dessa substância nos resultados do exame salivar. Objetivo: Avaliar as propriedades físico-químicas de duas marcas de simeticona e verificar se o fármaco interfere nos resultados do exame salivar. Metodologia: o estudo foi realizado no Laboratório de Bioquímica Oral (ICS/UFBA). Na etapa in vitro, avaliou-se o potencial hidrogeniônico (pH), a acidez titulável total (ATT) e a presença de sólidos solúveis totais (SST) na simeticona das marcas A e B. Na etapa in vivo, foi avaliada a velocidade do fluxo salivar (VFS), pH e a capacidade tampão (CT) na amostra salivar de 23 voluntários, comparando-se os resultados sem e com o uso das medicações (marcas A e B). Resultados: as duas marcas estudadas obtiveram pH menor que o neutro, e os valores de ATT para obtenção do pH 7 foram maiores na marca A. Ambas apresentaram valores elevados de SST. Na etapa in vivo, 78,3% da amostra era de mulheres, com idade média de 21,1 anos e VFS dentro da normalidade. Não houve diferença estatística entre o VFS (p=0,022) e pH (p=0,419) entre os grupos estudados, enquanto os valores da CT relativos ao uso da simeticona da marca A foram diferentes em comparação com os dos dois outros grupos (p=0,005). Conclusão: as propriedades laboratoriais das marcas de simeticona estudadas apresentaram diferenças entre si. O uso da marca A parece ter interferido na CT da saliva coletada.
Comparação de análises de amostras de falantes por meio de diferentes protocolos perceptivos-auditivo
Authors: Magalhães Luan Paulo Franco , Alves Cresio De Aragão Dantas , Vieira Renata Christina
Published: January 2020

A escala RASATI foi adotada, no Brasil, em 2002, e sua sigla corresponde, do ponto de vista anatomofisiológico e perceptivo-auditivo, a rouquidão (grau de): irregularidade; aspereza; soprosidade; astenia; tensão e instabilidade6. O protocolo VPAS (Vocal Profile Analysis Scheme) avalia a variedade de ajustes da qualidade vocal nos planos fonatório, articulatório e de tensão, assim como os elementos de dinâmica vocal, como pitch, loudness, taxa de elocução, pausas e suporte respiratório, de acordo com a fonética. Objetivo: comparar os resultados das análises perceptivo-auditiva dos protocolos da RASATI e do VPAS-PB. Metodologia: estudo qualitativo, com amostra de conveniência. As amostras de vozes dos 10 falantes do sexo masculino, com 34 a 39 anos, foram coletadas no Corpo de Bombeiros do estado do Rio de Janeiro. As amostras foram entregues para três juízes de VPAS-PB para a descrição do perfil individual. Em seguida, as amostras foram utilizadas para nova análise vocal, por meio do protocolo da RASATI, baseada na amostra do VPAS-PB, para assim possibilitar a comparação dos dados dos dois protocolos. Resultados: foi possível observar a maior descrição do perfil vocal com mais aspectos contemplados na utilização do protocolo do VPAS-PB, enquanto na RASATI observam-se características que se restringem aos aspectos fonatórios. Conclusão: o VPAS-PB permite ao profissional maiores chances de identificar o problema vocal dentro dos aspectos apresentados, por abordar tanto o trato vocal como a fonte glótica, que é a base do protocolo da RASATI. Esta última, por sua vez, permite que o avaliador identifique os aspectos fonatórios na prática clínica com maior velocidade, visto que aborda somente os aspectos que se referem à fonte glótica, mas não contempla os outros aspectos, como dinâmica vocal e trato vocal.
Análise da influência do posicionamento do fotopolimerizador sobre a rugosidade superficial da resina composta – estudo in vitro
Authors: Queiroz Mariana Menezes Vaz de , Cavalcanti Andrea Nobrega , Canedo Paula Mathias de Morais
Published: January 2020

Introdução: uma adequada polimerização da resina composta proporciona um bom desempenho clínico e propriedades físicas satisfatórias na restauração. A conversão de monômeros em polímeros depende não só da luz visível emitida pelo fotopolimerizador e do sistema fotoiniciador presente na resina composta, como também da quantidade de energia que alcança a resina composta e que está na dependência de como essa luz é aplicada sobre a resina. Objetivo: verificar a influência do posicionamento da ponta de um fotopolimerizador de amplo espectro sobre a rugosidade de duas resinas compostas. Metodologia: previamente à confecção dos corpos de prova, foi realizada a randomização de quatro grupos experimentais (n=10) para locação dos corpos de prova, da resina Vittra APS (FGM) em duas apresentações (Vittra APS Esmalte-bleach e a Vittra APS Dentina A0) e duas variações do posicionamento da ponta do fotopolimerizador (0º e 20º). Foram confeccionados quarenta corpos de prova cilíndricos em resina composta, na dimensão 6 x 1,5 mm. Valores da Ra foram registrados usando-se um rugosímetro e analisados estatisticamente (Shapiro-Wilk/ANOVA). A rugosidade superficial (Ra) de topo de cada corpo de prova foi individualmente avaliada, sendo realizadas três leituras por superfície em posições diferentes. Resultados: não foi verificada significância estatística da interação entre os fatores, nem foram notadas diferenças estatisticamente significativas entre os fatores isolados. Dentre os posicionamentos analisados, constatou-se que o fotopolimerizador a 20º não alterou a rugosidade das resinas utilizadas. Conclusão: a variação da angulação da ponta do fotopolimerizador em 20o não alterou a rugosidade superficial das resinas testadas.
Comparação do efeito de diferentes protocolos de polimento na rugosidade superficial de restaurações de resina composta
Authors: Martins Vivian Leite , Cavalcanti Andrea Nóbrega , Mathias Paula
Published: January 2020

Objetivo: o objetivo do presente estudo foi comparar a influência de diferentes protocolos de polimento sobre a rugosidade superficial de uma resina composta nanoparticulada. Metodologia: foram confeccionados 30 corpos de prova (1,5 mm espessura e 6 mm diâmetro), divididos em 3 grupos (n=10), de acordo com o tipo de polimento realizado: 1. Grupo controle; 2. Borrachas abrasivas em 3 granulações (grossa, média, fina); 3 Borracha abrasiva de granulação única. Todos os grupos receberam acabamento com lixa d’água, simulando uma ponta diamantada fina, sendo que o grupo controle não recebeu o polimento com borracha, após esse acabamento. Após o polimento dos grupos 2 e 3, a rugosidade superficial de cada corpo de prova, dos três grupos, foi avaliada em 3 medidas, através de rugosímetro, sendo calculada a média aritmética dos 3 valores picos e vales. A análise estatística inferencial foi feita por meio da ANOVA a 1-critério e teste de Tukey, para comparações múltiplas, com nível de significância de 5%. Resultados: observaram-se maiores valores de rugosidade no grupo controle (3,31µm), seguido do polimento de 1 passo (1,53µm) e 3 passos (0,48µm). Conclusão: diante disso, observa-se alta rugosidade superficial no acabamento com pontas diamantadas, simulado pelo grupo controle, e sua redução após o polimento. Entretanto, apenas o sistema de 3 passos foi capaz de produzir uma lisura superficial clinicamente aceitável. 
A verdadeira e indispensável revolução brasileira
Authors: Oliveira Marília Gerhardt de
Published: January 2020

Estarrecidos, mulheres e homens de bem viram e ouviram notícias de que não se destinariam
a uso (ensino e aprendizagem) milhões de livros didáticos novos e em perfeito estado de
conservação (português, matemática, inglês, biologia) com o argumento espúrio de que estariam
“desatualizados”.
RACK1 promotes cancer progression by increasing the M2/M1 macrophage ratio via the NF‐κB pathway in oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Dan Hongxia , Liu Sai , Liu Jiajia , Liu Dongjuan , Yin Fengying , Wei Zihao , Wang Jiongke , Zhou Yu , Jiang Lu , Ji Ning , Zeng Xin , Li Jing , Chen Qianming
Published: January 2020

Receptor for activated C kinase 1 (RACK1) has been shown to promote oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) progression, and RACK1 expression levels have been negatively correlated with prognosis in patients with OSCC. Here, we investigated the impact of RACK1 OSCC expression on the recruitment and differentiation of tumor‐associated macrophages. High RACK1 expression in OSCC cells correlated with increased M2 macrophage infiltration in tumor samples from a clinical cohort study. Moreover, the combination of RACK1 expression and the M2/M1 ratio could successfully predict prognosis in OSCC. OSCC cells with high RACK1 expression inhibited the migration of THP‐1 cells, promoted M2‐like macrophage polarization in vitro, and increased the proportion of M2‐like macrophages in a xenograft mouse model. Moreover, both M1‐ and M2‐like macrophage polarization‐associated proteins were induced in macrophages cocultured with RACK1‐silenced cell supernatant. A mechanistic study revealed that the expression and secretion of C‐C motif chemokine 2 (CCL2), C‐C motif chemokine 5 (CCL5), interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), and interleukin‐1 (IL‐1) are closely related to RACK1 expression. In addition, blocking nuclear factor‐kappa B (NF‐κB) could promote M2‐like macrophage polarization. These results indicate that RACK1 and the M2/M1 ratio are predictors of a poor prognosis in OSCC. RACK1 promotes M2‐like polarization by regulating NF‐κB and could be used as a potential therapeutic target for antitumor immunity.
Study of process from Winning Lawsuit to conciliation in disaster area of itai‐itai disease—How should we recover from the disaster of land contamination by environmental disruption?
Authors: Kubota Aya
Published: January 2020

The case of recovery from itai‐itai disease is exceptional because the injured party won the lawsuit and accepted the apology from the company that caused the damage. It took 40 years for conciliation to be established after the lawsuit was won. Involving lawyers, researchers, reporters, municipalities, and supporters, they realized what they promised at the lawsuit. The contents of the promise included regarding medical compensation, environmental rehabilitation, development as an agricultural town, and restraining the recurrence of pollution. All stakeholders, especially the victim and the perpetrator have made efforts toward realization of the promise. As a result, a trusting relationship, albeit with tension, has been established between them. They are entering a new phase to determine how to share their experiences with others.
Moving Electrospun Nanofibers and Bioprinted Scaffolds toward Translational Applications
Authors: Wu Tong , Mo Xiumei , Xia Younan
Published: January 2020

Over the past two decades, electrospun nanofibers have been actively explored for a range of applications, including those related to biomedicine, environmental science, energy harvesting, catalysis, photonics, and electronics. Regarding biomedical applications, one can readily produce nanofiber‐based scaffolds with controlled compositions, structures, alignments, and functions by varying the material, design of collector, number of spinnerets, and electrospinning parameters. This report highlights both preclinical and translational applications of electrospun nanofibers and bioprinted constructs presented at the 2019 International Conference on Electrospinning, together with some perspectives on their future development.
A Strong, Tough, and Scalable Structural Material from Fast‐Growing Bamboo
Authors: Li Zhihan , Chen Chaoji , Mi Ruiyu , Gan Wentao , Dai Jiaqi , Jiao Miaolun , Xie Hua , Yao Yonggang , Xiao Shaoliang , Hu Liangbing
Published: January 2020

Lightweight structural materials with high strength are desirable for advanced applications in transportation, construction, automotive, and aerospace. Bamboo is one of the fastest growing plants with a peak growth rate up to 100 cm per day. Here, a simple and effective top‐down approach is designed for processing natural bamboo into a lightweight yet strong bulk structural material with a record high tensile strength of ≈1 GPa and toughness of 9.74 MJ m−3. More specifically, bamboo is densified by the partial removal of its lignin and hemicellulose, followed by hot‐pressing. Long, aligned cellulose nanofibrils with dramatically increased hydrogen bonds and largely reduced structural defects in the densified bamboo structure contribute to its high mechanical tensile strength, flexural strength, and toughness. The low density of lignocellulose in the densified bamboo leads to a specific strength of 777 MPa cm3 g−1, which is significantly greater than other reported bamboo materials and most structural materials (e.g., natural polymers, plastics, steels, and alloys). This work demonstrates a potential large‐scale production of lightweight, strong bulk structural materials from abundant, fast‐growing, and sustainable bamboo.
Flexible Co–Mo–N/Au Electrodes with a Hierarchical Nanoporous Architecture as Highly Efficient Electrocatalysts for Oxygen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Yao Rui‐Qi , Shi Hang , Wan Wu‐Bin , Wen Zi , Lang Xing‐You , Jiang Qing
Published: January 2020

Designing highly active and robust electrocatalysts for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is crucial for many renewable energy storage and conversion devices. Here, self‐supported monolithic hybrid electrodes that are composed of bimetallic cobalt–molybdenum nitride nanosheets vertically aligned on 3D and bicontinuous nanoporous gold (NP Au/CoMoNx) are reported as highly efficient electrocatalysts to boost the sluggish reaction kinetics of water oxidation in alkaline media. By virtue of the constituent CoMoNx nanosheets having large accessible CoMoOx surface with remarkably enhanced electrocatalytic activity and the nanoporous Au skeleton facilitating electron transfer and mass transport, the NP Au/CoMoNx electrode exhibits superior OER electrocatalysis in 1 m KOH, with low onset overpotential (166 mV) and Tafel slope (46 mV dec−1). It only takes a low overpotential of 370 mV to reach ultrahigh current density of 1156 mA cm−2, ≈140‐fold higher than free CoMoNx nanosheets. The electrocatalytic performance makes it an attractive candidate as the OER catalyst in the water electrolysis.
In Situ Generation of Artificial Solid‐Electrolyte Interphases on 3D Conducting Scaffolds for High‐Performance Lithium‐Metal Anodes
Authors: Zhai Pengbo , Wei Yi , Xiao Jing , Liu Wei , Zuo Jinghan , Gu Xiaokang , Yang Weiwei , Cui Shiqiang , Li Bin , Yang Shubin , Gong Yongji
Published: January 2020

Rational structure design of the current collector along with further engineering of the solid‐electrolyte interphases (SEI) layer is one of the most promising strategies to achieve uniform Li deposition and inhibit uncontrolled growth of Li dendrites. Here, a Li2S layer as an artificial SEI with high compositional uniformity and high lithium ion conductivity is in situ generated on the surface of the 3D porous Cu current collector to regulate homogeneous Li plating/stripping. Both simulations and experiments demonstrate that the Li2S protective layer can passivate the porous Cu skeleton and balance the transport rate of lithium ions and electrons, thereby alleviating the agglomerated Li deposition at the top of the electrode or at the defect area of the SEI layer. As a result, the modified current collector exhibits long‐term cycling of 500 cycles at 1 mA cm−2 and stable electrodeposition capabilities of 4 mAh cm−2 at an ultrahigh current density of 4 mA cm−2. Furthermore, full batteries (LiFePO4 as cathode) paired with this designed 3D anode with only ≈200% extra lithium show superior stability and rate performance than the batteries paired with lithium foil (≈3000% extra lithium). These explorations provide new strategies for developing high‐performance Li metal anodes.
A Versatile Sn‐Substituted Argyrodite Sulfide Electrolyte for All‐Solid‐State Li Metal Batteries
Authors: Zhao Feipeng , Liang Jianwen , Yu Chuang , Sun Qian , Li Xiaona , Adair Keegan , Wang Changhong , Zhao Yang , Zhang Shumin , Li Weihan , Deng Sixu , Li Ruying , Huang Yining , Huang Huan , Zhang Li , Zhao Shangqian , Lu Shigang , Sun Xueliang
Published: January 2020

Sulfide‐based solid‐state electrolytes (SSEs) for all‐solid‐state Li metal batteries (ASSLMBs) are attracting significant attention due to their high ionic conductivity, inherently soft properties, and decent mechanical strength. However, the poor incompatibility with Li metal and air sensitivity have hindered their application. Herein, the Sn (IV) substitution for P (V) in argyrodite sulfide Li6PS5I (LPSI) SSEs is reported, in the preparation of novel LPSI‐xSn SSEs (where x is the Sn substitution percentage). Appropriate aliovalent element substitutions with larger atomic radius (R > R) provides the optimized LPSI‐20Sn electrolyte with a 125 times higher ionic conductivity compared to that of the LPSI electrolyte. The high ionic conductivity of LPSI‐20Sn enables the rich I‐containing electrolyte to serve as a stabilized interlayer against Li metal in sulfide‐based ASSLMBs with outstanding cycling stability and rate capability. Most importantly, benefiting from the strong Sn–S bonding in Sn‐substituted electrolytes, the LPSI‐20Sn electrolyte shows excellent structural stability and improved air stability after exposure to O2 and moisture. The versatile Sn substitution in argyrodite LPSI electrolytes is believed to provide a new and effective strategy to achieve Li metal‐compatible and air‐stable sulfide‐based SSEs for large‐scale applications.
A Low‐Cost Durable Na‐FeCl2 Battery with Ultrahigh Rate Capability
Authors: Zhan Xiaowen , Bowden Mark E. , Lu Xiaochuan , Bonnett Jeffery F. , Lemmon Teresa , Reed David M. , Sprenkle Vincent L. , Li Guosheng
Published: January 2020

Na‐based batteries have long been regarded as an inexpensive, sustainable candidate for large‐scale stationary energy storage applications. Unfortunately, the market penetration of conventional Na‐NiCl2 batteries is approaching its limit for several reasons, including limited rate capability and high Ni cost. Herein, a Na‐FeCl2 battery operating at 190 °C is reported that allows a capacity output of 116 mAh g−1 at an extremely high current density of 33.3 mA cm−2 (≈0.6C). The superior rate performance is rooted in the intrinsically fast kinetics of the Fe/Fe2+ redox reaction. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that a small amount of Ni additive (10 mol%) effectively mitigates capacity fading of the Fe/NaCl cathode caused by Fe particle pulverization during long‐term cycling. The modified Fe/Ni cathode exhibits excellent cycling stability, maintaining a discharge energy density of over 295 Wh kg−1 for 200 cycles at 10 mA cm−2 (≈C/5).
KPTN gene homozygous variant‐related syndrome in the northeast of Brazil: A case report
Authors: Lucena Pedro H. , Armani‐Franceschi Giulia , Bispo‐Torres Ana Cecília , Bandeira Igor D. , Lucena Mariana F. G. , Maldonado Igor , Veiga Marielza F. , Miguel Diego , Lucena Rita
Published: January 2020

Alteration of the KPTN gene, responsible for the coding of kaptin (a protein involved in actin cytoskeletal dynamics), causes a syndrome characterized by macrocephaly, neurodevelopmental delay and epileptic seizures. We report the first Brazilian case of KPTN gene variation, previously described in nine subjects from four interlinked families from an Amish community in Ohio, two Estonian siblings and a 9‐year‐old boy from Kansas City. We report a case of KPTN‐related syndrome in a 5‐year‐old child which presented macrocephaly, muscular hypotonia, and global development delay. The neurological examination revealed below‐expected performance in coordination and balance tests, dyspraxia, and hand‐mouth synkinesia. Expressive language was characterized by phono‐articulatory imprecision, abundance of phonological processes and morphosyntactic immaturity. Neuropsychological assessment revealed intellectual disability with impairment of verbal and executive functions. Exome sequencing was performed. Analysis revealed a homozygous 2‐nucleotide duplication c.597_598dup p.(Ser200Ilefs*55) in the KPTN gene, which is predicted to lead to a translational frameshift and formation of a premature stop codon. The phenotypic profile is similar to the cases described in the other families. Presence of macrocephaly and delayed development indicate the possibility of KPTN gene variation. Genetic testing should be carried out at an early stage in order to reach a timely diagnosis.
Two unrelated families with variable expression of Fraser syndrome due to the same pathogenic variant in the FRAS1 gene
Authors: Midro Alina T. , Stasiewicz‐Jarocka Beata , Borys Jan , Hubert Ewa , Skotnicka Bożena , Hassmann‐Poznańska Elżbieta , Sierpińska Teresa , Panasiuk Barbara , Schanze Denny , Zenker Martin
Published: January 2020

We report on two unrelated families of Polish origin with variable expression of Fraser syndrome (FS; MIM#219000) due to homozygosity for the same pathogenic variant, c.6963_6964dup, of FRAS1. In one family, the disorder presented with perinatal and prenatal lethality. One affected female from family 2 who was followed‐up for 32 years, represented a relatively favorable long‐term outcome. She displayed the typical craniofacial dysmorphism, including right cryptophthalmos, cutaneous syndactyly, abnormalities of the stomathognatic system, bilateral atresia of the external ear canals resulting in conductive hearing loss, and malformations of the larynx, spleen, kidney, and genitourinary tract. Her intellectual capacities were normal. Our observations illustrate that expression and severity of FS, even when caused by the same pathogenic variant, may be quite different ranging from a lethal disorder to a condition with multiple physical malformations but normal psychomotor development. In addition, we propose that the FRAS1 c.6963_6964dup variant may be a founder mutation in the Polish population. Therefore, it would be reasonable to test specifically for this variant first in any FS1 patient of Polish ancestry.
Self‐Aggregation of Oligomethylene‐Tethered Diketopyrrolopyrrole Dimers
Authors: Lin Xu , Okazawa Yusuke , Tani Yuki , Ouchi Hayato , Nakayama Ken‐ichi , Yagai Shiki
Published: January 2020

Two diketopyrrolopyrrole dimers with different oligomethylene tether length showed distinct aggregation behaviours, leading to a significant difference in the degree of phase separation upon mixing with PC61BM. Despite almost same optical properties, their blend films with PC61BM exhibited distinct power conversion efficiency in bulk‐heterojunction solar cells as a result of difference in phase separation.
CHIT1 at Diagnosis Reflects Long‐Term Multiple Sclerosis Disease Activity
Authors: Oldoni Emanuela , Smets Ide , Mallants Klara , Vandebergh Marijne , Van Horebeek Lies , Poesen Koen , Dupont Patrick , Dubois Bénédicte , Goris An
Published: January 2020

Objective

Evidence for a role of microglia in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS) is growing. We investigated association of microglial markers at time of diagnostic lumbar puncture (LP) with different aspects of disease activity (relapses, disability, magnetic resonance imaging parameters) up to 6 years later in a cohort of 143 patients.

Methods

In cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), we measured 3 macrophage and microglia‐related proteins, chitotriosidase (CHIT1), chitinase‐3–like protein 1 (CHI3L1 or YKL‐40), and soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (sTREM2), as well as a marker of neuronal damage, neurofilament light chain (NfL), using enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay and electrochemiluminescence. We investigated the same microglia‐related markers in publicly available RNA expression data from postmortem brain tissue.

Results

CHIT1 levels at diagnostic LP correlated with 2 aspects of long‐term disease activity after correction for multiple testing. First, CHIT1 increased with reduced tissue integrity in lesions at a median 3 years later (p = 9.6E‐04). Second, CHIT1 reflected disease severity at a median 5 years later (p = 1.2E‐04). Together with known clinical covariates, CHIT1 levels explained 12% and 27% of variance in these 2 measures, respectively, and were able to distinguish slow and fast disability progression (area under the curve = 85%). CHIT1 was the best discriminator of chronic active versus chronic inactive lesions and the only marker correlated with NfL (r = 0.3, p = 0.0019). Associations with disease activity were, however, independent of NfL.

Interpretation

CHIT1 CSF levels measured during the diagnostic LP reflect microglial activation early on in MS and can be considered a valuable prognostic biomarker for future disease activity. ANN NEUROL 2020;87:633–645
Thioguanosine Conversion Enables mRNA‐Lifetime Evaluation by RNA Sequencing Using Double Metabolic Labeling (TUC‐seq DUAL)
Authors: Gasser Catherina , Delazer Isabel , Neuner Eva , Pascher Katharina , Brillet Karl , Klotz Sarah , Trixl Lukas , Himmelstoß Maximilian , Ennifar Eric , Rieder Dietmar , Lusser Alexandra , Micura Ronald
Published: January 2020

Temporal information about cellular RNA populations is essential to understand the functional roles of RNA. We have developed the hydrazine/NH4Cl/OsO4‐based conversion of 6‐thioguanosine (6sG) into A′, where A′ constitutes a 6‐hydrazino purine derivative. A′ retains the Watson–Crick base‐pair mode and is efficiently decoded as adenosine in primer extension assays and in RNA sequencing. Because 6sG is applicable to metabolic labeling of freshly synthesized RNA and because the conversion chemistry is fully compatible with the conversion of the frequently used metabolic label 4‐thiouridine (4sU) into C, the combination of both modified nucleosides in dual‐labeling setups enables high accuracy measurements of RNA decay. This approach, termed TUC‐seq DUAL, uses the two modified nucleosides in subsequent pulses and their simultaneous detection, enabling mRNA‐lifetime evaluation with unprecedented precision.
Iron(II)‐Catalyzed Biomimetic Aerobic Oxidation of Alcohols
Authors: Guðmundsson Arnar , Schlipköter Kim Elisabeth , Bäckvall Jan‐E.
Published: January 2020

We report the first FeII‐catalyzed biomimetic aerobic oxidation of alcohols. The principle of this oxidation, which involves several electron‐transfer steps, is reminiscent of biological oxidation in the respiratory chain. The electron transfer from the alcohol to molecular oxygen occurs with the aid of three coupled catalytic redox systems, leading to a low‐energy pathway. An iron transfer‐hydrogenation complex was utilized as a substrate‐selective dehydrogenation catalyst, along with an electron‐rich quinone and an oxygen‐activating Co(salen)‐type complex as electron‐transfer mediators. Various primary and secondary alcohols were oxidized in air to the corresponding aldehydes or ketones with this method in good to excellent yields.
Lymphedema and Lymphovenous Bypass: Perioperative Nursing Implications
Authors: Whitnell Lori A.
Published: January 2020

Lymphedema—the accumulation of fluid in tissues, usually in the upper and lower extremities—often results from lymph node dissection or radiation and can cause painful and debilitating swelling that may interfere with a patient's daily living activities and quality of life. The goal of treatment for lymphedema is to reduce the volume of fluid in the affected area. Lymphedema is staged according to presenting characteristics, and interventions may be surgical or nonsurgical, such as complex decongestive therapy. Lymphovenous bypass is a surgical procedure performed for the management of lymphedema and involves rerouting microvascular channels to allow for the drainage of fluid that has accumulated in the lymphatic tissue of the upper or lower extremities. It requires supermicrosurgery techniques because of the small size of the vessels being anastomosed. Perioperative nursing implications for lymphovenous bypass include OR preparation and providing emotional support for patients living with lymphedema.
A Qualitative Exploratory Study of Norwegian OR Nurses’ Patient Positioning Priorities
Authors: Brooker Kathrine Johnsen , Vikan Magnhild , Thyli Bente
Published: January 2020

The purpose of patient positioning is to provide optimal surgical site exposure for surgical team members and prevent negative patient outcomes. This study explores perioperative nurses’ experiences when positioning patients for surgery. We collected data using focus group interviews of 17 OR nurses in Norway and used qualitative content analysis to analyze the data. The study findings showed that perioperative nurses emphasized their most important priorities as concepts that can be categorized into three themes: leading and coordinating patient positioning, ensuring patient safety, and promoting efficient use of OR nurses’ expertise. The study findings also identify a need to define formal responsibilities in patient positioning and processes for determining positioning outcomes. Perioperative leaders should verify OR nurse competence for patient positioning to help ensure continuity and safety in complex patient pathways.
Clinical Issues—February 2020
Authors: Anderson Mary Alice
Published: January 2020

THIS MONTH

Environmental cleaning requirements for methicillin‐resistant

Staphylococcus aureus

Key words: environmental cleaning, enhanced cleaning, methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), personal protective equipment (PPE), high‐touch surfaces.

Isolation technique for cancer cells

Key words: isolation technique, seeding, cancer cells, sterile field, resection.

Teamwork and patient safety culture

Key words: patient safety culture, human factors, nontechnical skills (NTS), teamwork, communication.

Personal glasses and changing side shields

Key words: glasses, side shield, eyewear, personal protective equipment (PPE), goggles.
Multiscale thermal study of virgin and aged polyphenylene sulfide reinforced by glass fiber
Authors: Zuo Peiyuan , Tcharkhtchi Abbas , Fitoussi Joseph , Shirinbayan Mohammadali , Bakir Farid
Published: January 2020

In this study, virgin and thermal aged PPS samples were prepared and tested using different techniques such as thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), coupled TGA–Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and FTIR as well as optical microscopy. Some interesting research results can be summarized as follows: TGA results prove the PPS composite samples aged at 180 and 200°C have been degraded obviously during the aging period in oven. Moreover, accelerated aging leads to the degradation of PPS composite with the observation of increased thermal oxidation layer from outside to inside. There is a plateau standing at about 350 μm for the thermal oxidation layer at oxidation temperature of 200°C. Some thermal decomposition models are applied to clarify the degradation kinetics of PPS composite. According to the activation energy value, it appears degradation more easily at the beginning of the heating process in the atmosphere of oxygen than that of nitrogen. Moreover, the related products of PPS composites during pyrolysis are fully discussed with the combined analysis of TGA–FTIR techniques.
Carbon fiber‐embedded bacterial cellulose/polyaniline nanocomposite with tailored for microbial fuel cells electrode
Authors: Trindade Elizabeth C. A. , Antônio Regina V. , Brandes Ricardo , de Souza Letícia , Neto Gabriel , Vargas Vanessa M. M. , Carminatti Claudimir A. , de Oliveira Souza Recouvreux Derce
Published: January 2020

Microbial fuel cells (MFC) are of great interest for new sources of renewable energies from the waste of biomass and debris. This work aimed was to develop an anode electrode of the carbon fiber‐embedded of bacterial cellulose/polyaniline (CF/BC/PANI) nanocomposite for MFC applications. For this purpose, carbon fiber was wrapped onto bacterial cellulose (BC) fibers network during the BC synthesis. The CF/BC/PANI was obtained by polyaniline polymerization on the BC nanofibers as a scaffold. To characterize the electrode, scanning electron microscopy, Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction, and thermogravimetric analysis analysis were carried out. The electrical conductivity was determined by measuring the resistivity. MFC using the CF/BC/PANI electrode was monitored and the maximum current density generated was 0.009 mA/cm2. The results obtained from the CF/BC/PANI demonstrate great potential for the use as an MFC electrode, as well as a microenvironment favorable to a microbial biofilm formation.
Output feedback control for an underactuated benchmark system with bounded torques
Authors: Wu Xianqing , Xu Kexin , Ma Miao , Ke Liuting
Published: January 2020

In this paper, we consider the stabilization of the translational oscillator with a rotational actuator (TORA) system. Existing control methods for the TORA system are developed on the basis of the assumptions that full state feedback is available, and the actuator can supply control torques with any bounded amplitudes or system parameters are exactly known. In order to relax these assumptions, an amplitude‐saturated output feedback controller is proposed for the TORA system. Compared with existing control methods, the proposed method exhibits four remarkable features: free of plant parameters, bounded amplitude, output feedback, and unwinding behavior prevention. Specifically, the passivity of the TORA system is analyzed first. Then, a constructive energy‐like function is introduced and a corresponding amplitude‐saturated output feedback control law for the TORA system is proposed on the basis of the constructed energy‐like function. Lyapunov‐based analysis and LaSalle's invariance principle are used to prove the boundedness and convergence of the closed‐loop signals. Finally, numerical simulations with comparisons to previous reported methods are implemented to demonstrate the superior performance of the proposed method.
‘You feel ashamed that you are not in the higher group’—Children’s psychosocial response to ability grouping in primary school
Authors: McGillicuddy Deirdre , Devine Dympna
Published: January 2020

The impact of performative focused agendas on how teachers ‘do’ teaching and how children ‘do’ learning cannot be understated. While research continues to highlight the negative impact of ability grouping on children’s academic and social learning experiences in the classroom, policy imperatives (both global and local) continue to promote ability grouping as an ‘effective’ pedagogic tool for meeting the diverse needs of children, especially in the areas of numeracy and literacy. We argue that this is a symbolically violent process that negatively impacts the psychosocial positioning of children as they negotiate their identities within the figured world of the primary school classroom. This in turn influences their learner identities, as well as their perceptions of their ability to learn. Drawing on data collected with 100 children in three case study schools, we show how ability grouping evoked strong emotional and psychosocial responses characterised by feelings of ‘shame’, ‘upset’ and ‘inferiority’ for those in the low‐ability groups. In contrast, children placed in higher‐ability groups felt a sense of ‘pride’, ‘happiness’ and ‘confidence’. Ability grouping maps a geography of affect within the classroom demarcating not only how children ‘do’ learning, but also how theyembodylearning through a particular feeling of ‘being’ a learner in the classroom.
Study of trivalent samarium ion embedded lithium‐based borate glass for high‐density optical memory devices
Authors: Rao Narasimsetti Srinivasa , Rajesh Megala , Prasad Kumcham , Reddy Gutturu Rajasekhara , Raju B. Deva Prasad , Dhanapandian S.
Published: January 2020

Sm3+ ions doped strontium lithium lead borate glasses (SLLB:Sm) were prepared using a conventional melt‐quenching technique. The glasses were analyzed using X‐ray diffractometry and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, optical absorption, fluorescence spectral analysis, and fluorescence lifetime decay. The Judd–Ofelt (J–O) parameters and radiative parameters of the SLLB:Sm10 glass (1.0 mol% Sm3+ ion‐doped glass) were calculated using J–O theory. From the emission spectra, among all the synthesized glass, SLLB:Sm10 glass had the highest emission intensity for 4G5/2→6H11/2 transition (610 nm). Emission parameters, such as stimulated emission cross‐section and optical gain bandwidth, were calculated. For all concentrations of Sm3+ ions, the decay profile showed an exponential nature and decreased when the Sm3+ ion concentration was increased due to a concentration quenching effect. This result suggests that the synthesized SLLB:Sm10 glass could be used for application in high‐density optical memory devices.
Discriminative detection of mercury (II) and hydrazine using a dual‐function fluorescent probe
Authors: Wu Xiaoming , Li Yanan , Yang Shaoxiang , Tian Hongyu , Sun Baoguo
Published: January 2020

A dual‐function fluorescent probe (Probe 1) was developed for discriminative detection of Hg2+ and N2H4. Probe 1 could discriminatively detect Hg2+ and N2H4 through two different reaction sites, with the mechanism for Probe 1 for Hg2+ depending on a desulfurization reaction and for N2H4 depending on the Schiff‐base reaction. N2H4 had minimal effect on Hg2+ detection in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)/H2O solution, but Hg2+ could interfere with N2H4 detection in DMSO/buffer solution. Different concentrations of Hg2+ and N2H4 resulted in different blue shades of Probe 1 test strips, and the shade of blue was different with the same concentration of Hg2+ or N2H4, as observed under ultraviolet light at 365 nm wavelength.
Rapid profiling of cantharidin analogs in Mylabris phalerata Pallas by ultra‐performance liquid chromatography–quadrupole time‐of‐flight–tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Zeng Yaobo , Guo Yanlei , Zhang Yi , Wang Xianying , Jiang Yao , Yang Dajian
Published: January 2020

We evaluated the protective effect and toxicity of extracts from Mylabris phalerata Pallas by measuring the activated partial thromboplastin time, prothrombin time, venous thrombosis and acute toxicity in rats. Results showed the petroleum ether and water fractions of M. phalerata inhibited thrombosis but hardly prolonged the activated partial thromboplastin time and prothrombin time in rats. The trichloromethane fraction had obvious toxicity with an LD50 of 0.2 g/kg in vivo, and contained many cantharidin analogs (CAs) by ultra‐performance liquid chromatography–quadrupole ion trap–tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC–QTRAP–MS/MS). CAs are the major potential bioactivity constituent in M. phalerata. An effective and reliable UPLC–QTRAP–MS/MS method was successfully developed to separate and identify CAs. The fragmentation patterns of five purified compounds were applied to elucidate the structure of their analogs. Thirty‐four CAs were characterized or tentatively identified, eight of which are proposed to be novel compounds (13–17, 20, 21, 23), and their fragmentation patterns were investigated for the first time. Most importantly, a rapid and reliable UPLC–MS method was developed to identify the CAs of M. phalerata. This method has contributed to the discovery of most of these unknown analogs or their metabolites in M. phalerata effectively and quickly, and does not rely on limited chemical structural diversity libraries.
Lipopolysaccharide exposure during late embryogenesis triggers and drives Alzheimer‐like behavioral and neuropathological changes in CD‐1 mice
Authors: Wang Fang , Zhang Zhe‐Zhe , Cao Lei , Yang Qi‐Gang , Lu Qing‐Fang , Chen Gui‐Hai
Published: January 2020

Introduction

Infections could contribute to Alzheimer's disease (AD) neuropathology in human. However, experimental evidence for a causal relationship between infections during the prenatal phase and the onset of AD is lacking.

Methods

CD‐1 mothers were intraperitoneally received lipopolysaccharide (LPS) with two doses (25 and 50 μg/kg) or normal saline every day during gestational days 15–17. A battery of behavioral tasks was used to assess the species‐typical behavior, sensorimotor capacity, anxiety, locomotor activity, recognition memory, and spatial learning and memory in 1‐, 6‐, 12‐, 18‐, and 22‐month‐old offspring mice. An immunohistochemical technology was performed to detect neuropathological indicators consisting of amyloid‐β (Aβ), phosphorylated tau (p‐tau), and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) in the hippocampus.

Results

Compared to the same‐aged controls, LPS‐treated offspring had similar behavioral abilities and the levels of Aβ42, p‐tau, and GFAP at 1 and 6 months old. From 12 months onward, LPS‐treated offspring gradually showed decreased species‐typical behavior, sensorimotor ability, locomotor activity, recognition memory, and spatial learning and memory, and increased anxieties and the levels of Aβ42, p‐tau, and GFAP relative to the same‐aged controls. Moreover, this damage effect (especially cognitive decline) persistently progressed onwards. The changes in these neuropathological indicators significantly correlated with impaired spatial learning and memory.

Conclusions

Prenatal exposure to low doses of LPS caused AD‐related features including behavioral and neuropathological changes from midlife to senectitude.
The effects of body‐worn camera footage and eyewitness race on jurors' perceptions of police use of force
Authors: Saulnier Alana , Burke Kelly C. , Bottoms Bette L.
Published: January 2020

Police use of body‐worn cameras (BWCs) is increasingly common in the USA. This article reports the results of one of the first experimental examinations of the effects of three BWC status conditions (absent, transcribed, viewed) and eyewitness race (Black, White) on mock jurors' case judgments, in a case in which a community member (defendant) was charged with resisting arrest but where the officer's use of force in conducting the arrest was controversial. Results provide evidence of significant main effects of both eyewitness race and BWC status. When the eyewitness supporting the defendant was White, mock jurors were less likely to vote the defendant guilty of resisting arrest, as well as more likely to consider the defendant credible and the officer culpable for the incident. In addition, when BWC footage of the arrest was viewed, compared with transcribed or absent, participants were less likely to vote the defendant guilty of resisting arrest, and also rated the officer's use of force less justifiable, and the officer more culpable and less credible. Follow‐up analyses demonstrated that these relationships between BWC condition and case judgments were all mediated by moral outrage toward the officer.