bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Trends in Invasive Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Infections
Authors: Iwamoto Martha , Mu Yi , Lynfield Ruth , Bulens Sandra N. , Nadle Joelle , Aragon Deborah , Petit Susan , Ray Susan M. , Harrison Lee H. , Dumyati Ghinwa , Townes John M. , Schaffner William , Gorwitz Rachel J. , Lessa Fernanda C.
Published: September 2013

OBJECTIVE:

To describe trends in the incidence of invasive methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections in children during 2005–2010.

METHODS:

We evaluated reports of invasive MRSA infections in pediatric patients identified from population-based surveillance during 2005–2010. Cases were defined as isolation of MRSA from a normally sterile site and classified on the basis of the setting of the positive culture and presence or absence of health care exposures. Estimated annual changes in incidence were determined by using regression models. National age- and race-specific incidences for 2010 were estimated by using US census data.

RESULTS:

A total of 876 pediatric cases were reported; 340 (39%) were among infants. Overall, 35% of cases were hospital-onset, 23% were health care–associated community-onset, and 42% were community-associated (CA). The incidence of invasive CA-MRSA infection per 100 000 children increased from 1.1 in 2005 to 1.7 in 2010 (modeled yearly increase: 10.2%; 95% confidence interval: 2.7%–18.2%). No significant trends were observed for health care–associated community-onset and hospital-onset cases. Nationally, estimated invasive MRSA incidence in 2010 was higher among infants aged <90 days compared with older infants and children (43.9 vs 2.0 per 100 000) and among black children compared with other races (6.7 vs 1.6 per 100 000).

CONCLUSIONS:

Invasive MRSA infection in children disproportionately affects young infants and black children. In contrast to reports of declining incidence among adults, there were no significant reductions in health care–associated MRSA infections in children. Concurrently, the incidence of CA-MRSA infections has increased, underscoring the need for defining optimal strategies to prevent MRSA infections among children with and without health care exposures.
Late Preterm Infants: Near Term But Still in a Critical Developmental Time Period
Authors: Kugelman Amir , Colin Andrew A.
Published: September 2013

Late preterm (LP) infants are defined as those born at 34-0/7 to 36-6/7 weeks’ gestational age. LP infants were previously referred to as near term infants. The change in terminology resulted from the understanding that these infants are not fully mature and that the last 6 weeks of gestation represent a critical period of growth and development of the fetal brain and lungs, and of other systems. There is accumulating evidence of higher risks for health complications in these infants, including serious morbidity and a threefold higher infant mortality rate compared with term infants. This information is of critical importance because of its scientific merits and practical implications. However, it warrants a critical and balanced review, given the apparent overall uncomplicated outcome for the majority of LP infants.

Others reviewed the characteristics of LP infants that predispose them to a higher risk of morbidity at the neonatal period. This review focuses on the long-term neurodevelopmental and respiratory outcomes, with the main aim to suggest putative prenatal, neonatal, developmental, and environmental causes for these increased morbidities. It demonstrates parallelism in the trajectories of pulmonary and neurologic development and evolution as a model for fetal and neonatal maturation. These may suggest the critical developmental time period as the common pathway that leads to the outcomes. Disruption in this pathway with potential long-term consequences in both systems may occur if the intrauterine milieu is disturbed. Finally, the review addresses the practical implications on perinatal and neonatal care during infancy and childhood.
A Longitudinal View of Child Enrollment in Medicaid
Authors: Simon Alan E. , Driscoll Anne , Gorina Yelena , Parker Jennifer D. , Schoendorf Kenneth C.
Published: September 2013

BACKGROUND:

Although national cross-sectional estimates of the percentage of children enrolled in Medicaid are available, the percentage of children enrolled in Medicaid over longer periods of time is unknown. Also, the percentage and characteristics of children who rely on Medicaid throughout childhood, rather than transiently, are unknown.

METHODS:

We performed a longitudinal examination of Medicaid coverage among children across a 5-year period. Children 0 to 13 years of age in the 2004 National Health Interview Survey file were linked to Medicaid Analytic eXtract files from 2004 to 2008. The percentage of children enrolled in Medicaid at any time during the 5-year observation period and the number of years during which children were enrolled in Medicaid were calculated. Duration of Medicaid enrollment was compared across sociodemographic characteristics by using χ2 tests.

RESULTS:

Forty-one percent of all US children were enrolled in Medicaid at least some time during the 5-year period, compared with a single-year estimate of 32.8% in 2004 alone. Of enrolled children, 51.5% were enrolled during all 5 years. Children with lower parental education, with lower household income, of minority race or ethnicity, and in suboptimal health were more likely to be enrolled in Medicaid during all 5 years.

CONCLUSIONS:

Longitudinal data reveal higher percentages of children with Medicaid insurance than shown by cross-sectional data. Half of children enrolled in Medicaid are enrolled during at least 5 consecutive years, and these children have higher risk sociodemographic profiles.
‘Disciplining witnesses’ in the teaching of physiotherapy: Some insights into the practical accomplishment of a science-based healthcare profession
Authors: Kell Clare , Horlick-Jones Tom
Published: September 2013

Physiotherapy in the UK defines itself as a ‘science based healthcare profession’. Physiotherapy students must undertake at least one thousand hours of learning in live practice settings. Adopting an analytic stance shaped by interaction analysis and workplace studies, and drawing on observational data of placement settings, this paper examines some features of the means by which physiotherapy education is practically accomplished. The paper introduces and utilises a novel notational system for capturing movement and touch in ethnographic fieldwork notes. Our analysis draws upon ideas from Lynch and Macbeth's (1998) study of elementary school science classes. We focus in particular on their notion of ‘disciplining witnesses’ to illustrate how science is enacted – and plays a privileged role – within the everyday accomplishment of practice-based physiotherapy education. We show how patients are disciplined to provide information on cue and to act as props for therapeutic demonstrations, while students are disciplined to co-produce standard interpretations of the science of physiotherapy. We conclude the paper with a brief discussion of the ways in which these insights offer a new perspective for physiotherapy practitioners and educators in understanding the nature of interactions entailed in their professional practice, and the role of patients within those interactions.
Embodied emotional communication in learning activities involving children with intellectual disabilities
Authors: Jensen Thomas
Published: September 2013

This article investigates and discusses the role of emotional communication in learning activities between children with intellectual disabilities and the pedagogical staff. Through detailed analyses combining Communication Studies with Conversation Analyses (CA) it is shown how embodied emotional actions play a vital role when playing games in learning activities. In some of the examples the embodied actions are treated as conflicting with the rule following behaviour inherent in playing games, or even treated as a nuisance that is corrected. Still, another example shows how embodied emotional actions can be used as an important vehicle in achieving active learning and practicing verbal skills. The article proposes an inter-disciplinary approach to emotions as both embodied and social phenomena that need to be taken seriously especially in learning activities involving children with intellectual disabilities since they only rarely communicate their emotions verbally.
That's my story!
Authors: Rasmussen Gitte
Published: September 2013

This study investigates how processes of disablement may be part of sequentially organized teaching/learning actions in therapeutic activities. Employing Membership Categorization Analysis and practices of Conversation Analysis, the paper will present examples of two specific kinds of processes of disablement arising as products: (a) of training activities in which clients are trained by professionals in using and relying upon specific methods and techniques for conveying specific kinds of meaning; (b) of sense-making processes in training activities known as ‘doing talk about ordinary things’ in everyday life as experienced by the clients. The paper makes use of a training interaction between a non-speaking boy and his speech-language pathologist to exemplify such processes. The activity mixes routine conversational tasks and training tasks. The analysis demonstrates how the boy is taught to use specific signs for conveying meanings that have been produced by the speech-language pathologist previously through a combination of talk and signs. The speech-language pathologist repairs non-conforming signs produced by him. The boy accepts the disabling process that emerges from this kind of training. The analysis also demonstrates another kind of disabling process, which emerges as a feature of repairing techniques used by the speech-language pathologist to make sense of what the boy tells her about what he has experienced during the weekend. The analysis demonstrates how the boy resists this kind of process of disablement.
Ammonia volatilization from coated urea forms
Authors: Nascimento Carlos Antonio Costa do , Vitti Godofredo Cesar , Faria Letícia de Abreu , Luz Pedro Henrique Cerqueira , Mendes Fernanda Latanze
Published: September 2013

Nitrogen fertilization is a major component of the cost of agricultural production, due to the high cost and low efficiency of fertilizers. In the case of urea, the low efficiency is mainly due to losses by volatilization, which are more pronounced in cultivation systems in which plant residues are left on the soil. The objective of this work was to compare the influence of urea coated with sulfur or boric acid and copper sulfate with conventional N fertilizers on N volatilization losses in sugar cane harvested after stubble burning. The sources urea, sulfur-coated urea, urea coated with boric acid and copper sulfate, as well as nitrate and ammonium sulfate, were tested at amounts containing N rates of 120 kg ha-1 N. The integration of new technologies in urea fertilization can reduce N losses by volatilization. These losses were most reduced when using nitrate and ammonium sulfate. The application of a readily acidified substance (boric acid) to urea was more efficient in reducing volatilization losses and nutrient removal by sugar cane than that of a substance with gradual acidification (elemental sulfur).
Caracterização de massas cerâmicas do estado de S. Paulo para produção de agregados leves para concreto
Authors: Santis B. C. , Sichieri E. P. , Rossignolo J. A. , Ferreira G. , Fiorelli J.
Published: September 2013

Este trabalho tem por objetivo a caracterização de diferentes massas cerâmicas do estado de S. Paulo para a produção de agregados leves de argila calcinada visando à utilização em concretos de cimento Portland. A caracterização das massas cerâmicas deu-se por meio das técnicas de limites de liquidez e plasticidade, análise granulométrica, análise química e difração de raios X. Os corpos de prova confeccionados com essas massas cerâmicas, queimados a 900 ºC, foram caracterizados por meio da avaliação da retração linear, absorção de água, porosidade aparente, massa específica aparente, expansão por umidade e resistência à compressão. Os resultados desta pesquisa indicaram a viabilidade da produção de agregados leves de argila calcinada para utilização em concretos e os valores da massa específica (1,555 a 1,785 kg/m³) e da resistência à compressão (18,0 a 55,8 MPa) apresentaram-se em um patamar intermediário entre os observados para a argila expandida (agregado leve comercial) e para o agregado convencional (basalto).
Estudo de caracterização de argilas não plásticas da região de Poços de Caldas, MG
Authors: Maestrelli S. C. , Roveri C. D. , Nunes A. G. P. , Faustino L. M. , Aielo G. F. , Pinto L. P. A. , Manochio C. , Cal T. M. L. , Ribeiro F. F. , Mariano N. A.
Published: September 2013

Poços de Caldas é um importante centro hidrotermomineral do Brasil, o qual apresenta depósitos de argilas não plásticas para as quais não há registros significativos a respeito da caracterização direcionada destes materiais, o que prejudica estudos de aplicação industrial. Estas argilas não plásticas, não aproveitadas, vêm sendo armazenadas em galpões ou a céu aberto, o que gera um elevado custo para a indústria, além de transformar-se em um passivo ambiental. No presente trabalho realizou-se o estudo químico-mineralógico de seis amostras de argilas de baixa plasticidade, além da caracterização preliminar destas amostras quanto à granulometria, plasticidade e propriedades cerâmicas básicas, visando ampliar os horizontes das investigações destes materiais. Este estudo preliminar mostrou que, de maneira geral, as amostras são compostas por minerais refratários como caulinita e gibbsita, apresentando teores menos significativos de outras fases, como quartzo, vermiculita e illita. Juntamente às análises químicas, estes dados permitiram o agrupamento das matérias-primas em dois grupos em função de sua refratariedade, norteando assim, a caracterização posterior. Dentre as amostras, há material com potencial uso na formulação de massas de porcelanato, além de uma amostra turfosa, cuja aplicação está relacionada à correção de solos.
Desempenho agronômico do feijoeiro com doses de nitrogênio em semeadura e cobertura
Authors: Moreira Guilherme B. L. , Pegoraro Rodinei F. , Vieira Neiva M. B. , Borges Iran , Kondo Marcos K.
Published: September 2013

Práticas de manejo adequadas e o aumento das doses de nitrogênio têm propiciado incrementos substanciais na produção de grãos do feijoeiro comum; no entanto, em cultivos de inverno e irrigado existem poucos estudos relatando a interferência do uso de doses de N em semeadura e cobertura na produção de grãos. O estudo teve o objetivo de avaliar o efeito da adição de doses crescentes de nitrogênio em semeadura e cobertura no desempenho agronômico do feijoeiro irrigado no período de inverno no Norte do Estado de Minas Gerais. Para tanto, utilizou-se o esquema fatorial 4 x 4 consistindo de quatro doses idênticas de nitrogênio em semeadura e cobertura (0, 40, 80 e 120 kg ha-1). O delineamento estatístico utilizado foi em blocos casualizados com três repetições. Foram avaliadas as características: estande inicial, estande final, número de grãos por vagem, vagem por planta, peso médio de 100 grãos e rendimento de grãos. Não se obteve diferença significativa (p > 0,05) entre doses de N em semeadura e/ou coberta para o número de grãos por vagem nem para o peso de 100 grãos. Considerando apenas a adição de N em semeadura, o número de vagens por planta e o rendimento de grãos se elevaram com o incremento da dose de N até 120 kg ha-1. Apesar da interdependência das doses de N em semeadura e cobertura, acréscimos no rendimento de grãos foram obtidos apenas com a adição de doses de N na semeadura.
Mudanças no uso da terra e o particionamento de energia no sudoeste da Amazônia
Authors: Webler Alberto D. , Gomes Josiane B. , Aguiar Renata G. , Andrade Nara L. R. de , Aguiar Leonardo J. G.
Published: September 2013

A expressiva taxa de desmatamento na região amazônica tem se tornado uma preocupação mundial. Este processo consiste, substancialmente, na conversão de sistemas florestais em sistemas agropecuários. Este novo ecossistema requer estudos que elucidem quanto ao seu funcionamento buscando o entendimento de como a referida região interage com a atmosfera. Com o intento de investigar o comportamento de componentes do balanço de energia em uma área de pastagem foi realizado um estudo na Fazenda Nossa Senhora, no município de Ouro Preto do Oeste, Rondônia, buscando-se analisar os padrões da radiação líquida e dos fluxos de calor latente, sensível e no solo, nos períodos: úmido, úmido-seco, seco e seco-úmido, nos anos de 2000 a 2005. As medidas dos fluxos de calor latente e sensível foram realizadas utilizando-se o método de covariância de vórtices turbulentos. Os resultados dessas análises evidenciaram que o particionamento de energia em uma área de pastagem nos períodos úmido, úmido-seco, seco e seco-úmido foram, respectivamente, de 77,8; 69,6; 50,6 e 75,2% para o fluxo de calor latente e 22,5; 31,2; 46,7 e 24,7% para o fluxo de calor sensível, indicando uma vulnerabilidade maior da pastagem às alterações sazonais.
Análise espacial de atributos do solo e cobertura vegetal em diferentes condições de pastagem
Authors: Neves Neto Durval N. , Santos Antonio C. dos , Santos Perlon M. , Melo Jonahtan C. , Santos Josemara S.
Published: September 2013

As áreas destinadas à pecuária têm-se expandido sobre áreas de vegetação nativa promovendo transformações na qualidade do solo. O objetivo foi avaliar os atributos de um Neossolo Quartzarênico sob diferentes coberturas vegetais para saber se a degradação do pasto representa a degradação do solo. As áreas avaliadas foram: floresta nativa; capoeira; pastagem sem controle de lotação animal; pastagem em pousio; pastagem com invasoras; pastagem degradada com solo descoberto e invasoras, pastagem degradada com invasoras e espécies arbóreas e pastagem com baixa produção de forragem. Todas as pastagens eram formadas pela gramínea Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu. Realizaram-se 128 amostras de solo nas profundidades de 0-5 e 5-10 cm, dentro de cada área de manejo considerada como parcela experimental e a cobertura do solo foi quantificada. Foram mensuradas propriedades químicas e físicas do solo. Os dados foram submetidos a estudo geoestatístico. Foram constatados aumento na resistência mecânica à penetração e diminuição nos teores de matéria orgânica nas áreas mais degradadas. Pasto degradado não representa necessariamente solo degradado enquanto solo degradado está relacionado a pastagem degrada.
Relação entre cognição (função executiva e percepção espacial) e equilíbrio de idosos de baixa escolaridade
Authors: Custódio Elaine Bazilio , Malaquias Júnior Joel , Voos Mariana Callil
Published: September 2013

O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar se défices na percepção visuoespacial e nas funções executivas apresentariam relação com o equilíbrio em idosos de baixa escolaridade. Participaram deste estudo 38 idosos (com média de idade 69,1±6,8 anos), com um a seis anos de escolaridade formal. Os testes aplicados foram: o teste de seqüência alfa-numérica - partes A, que avalia escaneamento visual e seqüenciamento (TSA-A), B, que avalia flexibilidade mental e memória operacional (TSA-B), considerando-se ainda o delta, que avalia função executiva (TSA-D); teste de cancelamento de estrelas (TCE), que avalia percepção espacial; a escala de equilíbrio de Berg (EEB) e a escala de eficácia de quedas (falls efficacy scale - international, FES-I), que avaliam equilíbrio e risco de quedas. As correlações foram verificadas pelo teste de Spearman, com p<0,05. Foram encontradas fortes correlações significativas entre as escalas de equilíbrio (EEB e FES-I) e o TSA-B (r=-0,61 e r=0,60, respectivamente); e correlações moderadas entre a EEB e o TSA-A (r=-0,51) e entre a FES-I e o TSA-D (r=0,55). Também houve correlações significativas entre as escalas de equilíbrio (EEB e FES-I) e o TCE (r=0,45 e r=-0,45, respectivamente). A função executiva e a percepção espacial apresentaram relação com o equilíbrio e com o medo de cair em idosos de baixa escolaridade. Quanto melhores forem a função executiva e a percepção espacial, melhor tenderá a ser o equilíbrio e menor tenderá a ser o medo de cair.
Caracterização da criança com infecção por H1N1 e da intervenção fisioterapêutica: relato de casos em série
Authors: Izumi Adriana Yuki , Seibert Paulo Armindo , Fujisawa Dirce Shizuko
Published: September 2013

A infecção por influenza A, subtipo H1N1, é considerada uma doença viral aguda e importante causa de doença respiratória. As crianças foram consideradas como um dos grupos de risco, devido à imaturidade do sistema imunológico. A fisioterapia pode atuar na prevenção e no tratamento das doenças respiratórias em crianças, utilizando-se de diversas técnicas e procedimentos terapêuticos. Assim, o presente estudo teve como objetivo descrever o atendimento de fisioterapia em crianças internadas em um hospital-escola com diagnóstico/suspeita de infecção por H1N1. Estudo do tipo descritivo de relato de casos em série realizado por meio de análise de prontuário. Investigados 14 prontuários de crianças com mediana de idade de 1 ano e 5 meses, 10 do sexo masculino e 4 do feminino. A manifestação clínica mais frequente foi esforço respiratório, seguida por tosse, febre, coriza, vômitos e dor no corpo. As técnicas de fisioterapia mais realizadas foram respiratórias, seguidas de cinesioterapia, orientações para os pais, suporte de oxigênio e estímulo ao (DNPM). O tempo médio de internação foi de 4,57 dias. Algumas crianças somavam ao diagnóstico/suspeita de infecção por H1N1 diagnósticos e doenças associadas. A fisioterapia realizada foi principalmente no sentido de melhorar a mecânica respiratória por meio de técnicas desobstrutivas e outras condutas respiratórias, porém preocupação com mobilizações, orientações para os pais e desenvolvimento motor também foi destacada.
Limites e possibilidades da racionalidade pedagógica no ensino superior
Authors: Santos Francisco Kennedy Silva dos
Published: September 2013

Este artigo é resultado de uma investigação que tem por objeto o trabalho e a mobilização de saberes docentes, tendo como foco principal de análise os limites e as possibilidades da racionalidade pedagógica no Ensino Superior. A fundamentação teórica ancora-se em diversos estudos que procuram mapear as racionalidades que movem esses profissionais em situação de trabalho, tendo como referencial a prática. Diante da complexidade do objeto, utilizou-se da pesquisa qualitativa, uma vez que esta privilegia os significados dos sujeitos da pesquisa. Os resultados da pesquisa evidenciam que os docentes investigados, movidos por uma racionalidade técnica, possuem uma pedagogia própria pautada na transmissão do conteúdo.
A pedagogia do si mesmo: debate sobre a emergência do sujeito que aprende
Authors: Teles Ana Maria Orofino , Cerqueira Teresa Cristina Siqueira
Published: September 2013

Este artigo busca contribuir com o desenvolvimento de conceitos pedagógicos que prestigiem a subjetividade humana como elemento de integração dos aspectos simbólicos, emocionais, históricos, atuais, conscientes, não conscientes, racionais e irracionais. A proposta teórica que aqui se utiliza como filtro de percepção dos processos subjetivos é a teoria da subjetividade cultural-histórica de González Rey. Fez-se uma investigação construtivo-interpretativa de um curso online, cujo tema era da área da saúde, que teve como estratégia uma pedagogia de si que revelou posturas pedagógicas relevantes para emergência do aprendiz como sujeito.
Fine Mapping of 6q23.1 Identifies TULP4 as Contributing to Clefts
Authors: Vieira Alexandre R. , De Carvalho Flavia M. , Johnson Lindsay , DeVos Lauren , Swailes Alexa L. , Weber Megan L. , Deeley Kathleen
Published: September 2013

Objective

The aim of this work was to fine-map the region 6q23.1, which obtained suggestive linkage signal (logarithm of the odds [LOD] score = 2.22 under a recessive model) to cleft lip with or without cleft palate (CL±P) in our previous genome-wide linkage scan to identify possible genetic variants that may contribute to CL±P.

Design

We used densely spaced markers spanning the entire 6q23.1 region to test for association with CL±P in a family cohort sample.

Setting

Clinical information and DNA samples were obtained from families in the Philippines at their homes or primary health care clinics.

Participants

The study sample consisted of 477 subjects (224 females and 253 males), segregating isolated CL±P, from 72 living in the same area in the Philippines.

Main Outcome Measure

Overtransmission of alleles to persons born with CL±P.

Results

We found statistical evidence of association between a marker of TULP4 (rs651333) with CL±P ( P = .00007).

Conclusions

Our results further support the linkage results for the chromosome 6q region and reveal a novel candidate gene for CL±P.
Fuel treatments and landform modify landscape patterns of burn severity in an extreme fire event
Authors: Prichard Susan J. , Kennedy Maureen C.
Published: September 2013

Under a rapidly warming climate, a critical management issue in semiarid forests of western North America is how to increase forest resilience to wildfire. We evaluated relationships between fuel reduction treatments and burn severity in the 2006 Tripod Complex fires, which burned over 70 000 ha of mixed‐conifer forests in the North Cascades range of Washington State and involved 387 past harvest and fuel treatment units. A secondary objective was to investigate other drivers of burn severity including landform, weather, vegetation characteristics, and a recent mountain pine beetle outbreak. We used sequential autoregression (SAR) to evaluate drivers of burn severity, represented by the relative differenced Normalized Burn Ratio index, in two study areas that are centered on early progressions of the wildfire complex. Significant predictor variables include treatment type, landform (elevation), fire weather (minimum relative humidity and maximum temperature), and vegetation characteristics, including canopy closure, cover type, and mountain pine beetle attack. Recent mountain pine beetle damage was a statistically significant predictor variable with red and mixed classes of beetle attack associated with higher burn severity. Treatment age and size were only weakly correlated with burn severity and may be partly explained by the lack of treatments older than 30 years and the low rates of fuel succession in these semiarid forests. Even during extreme weather, fuel conditions and landform strongly influenced patterns of burn severity. Fuel treatments that included recent prescribed burning of surface fuels were particularly effective at mitigating burn severity. Although surface and canopy fuel treatments are unlikely to substantially reduce the area burned in regional fire years, recent research, including this study, suggests that they can be an effective management strategy for increasing forest landscape resilience to wildfires.
Non‐Apnea Sleep Disorder Increases the Risk of Periodontal Disease: A Retrospective Population‐Based Cohort Study
Authors: Lee Chun‐Feng , Lin Ming‐Chia , Lin Cheng‐Li , Yen Chia‐Ming , Lin Kuan‐Yu , Chang Yen‐Jung , Kao Chia‐Hung
Published: September 2013

Background: The aim of this study is to determine whether patients with a non‐apnea sleep disorder (NA‐SD) and comorbidity have an increased risk of periodontal disease.

Methods: Patients newly diagnosed with NA‐SDs in 1997 to 2010 were identified as the study cohort from the Taiwan National Health Insurance database. For each patient with NA‐SD, two matched controls without sleep disorders were randomly selected for comparison.

Results: The overall incidence rate ratio of severe periodontal diseases was 39% higher in the NA‐SD cohort than in the comparison cohort (7.93 versus 5.69 per 1,000 person‐years), with an adjusted hazard ratio (HR) of 1.36 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.30 to 1.43). The effect of NA‐SD on the risk of severe periodontal diseases was higher in young and middle‐aged patients compared with patients >65 years of age (<35 years of age, HR: 1.13, 95% CI: 1.04 to 1.24; 35 to 49 years of age, HR: 1.73, 95% CI: 1.61 to 1.86; 50 to 64 years of age, HR: 1.69, 95% CI: 1.58 to 1.81; ≥65, HR: [reference] 1.0).

Conclusion: NA‐SD might increase the risk of periodontal disease.
A green roof experimental site in the Mediterranean climate: the storm water quality issue
Authors: Gnecco Ilaria , Palla Anna , Lanza Luca G. , La Barbera Paolo
Published: September 2013

Since 2007, the University of Genoa has been carrying out a monitoring programme to investigate the hydrologic response of green roofs in the Mediterranean climate by installing a green roof experimental site. In order to assess the influence of green roofs on the storm water runoff quality, water chemistry data have been included in the monitoring programme since 2010, providing rainfall and outflow data. For atmospheric source, the bulk deposition is collected to evaluate the role of the overall atmospheric deposition in storm water runoff quality. For subsurface outflow, a maximum of 24 composite samples are taken on an event basis, thus aiming at a full characterization of the outflow hydrograph. Water chemistry data reveal that the pollutant loads associated with green roof outflow is low; in particular, solids and metal concentrations are lower than values generally observed in storm water runoff from traditional rooftops. The concentration values of chemical oxygen demand, total dissolved solids, Fe, Ca and K measured in the subsurface outflow are significantly higher than those observed in the bulk deposition (p < 0.05). With respect to the atmospheric deposition, the green roof behaviour as a sink/source of pollutants is investigated based on both concentration and mass.
Sorption of chloramphenicol on pond sediments and the effect of coexistence Cu(II)
Authors: Yan Qishe , Zhang Luyun , Jiang Meiling , Zhang Ruiqin , Sun Hongwen
Published: September 2013

The sorption of chloramphenicol on four types of sediment and the effect of coexistence Cu(II) on the sorption were studied. Sorption isotherms and thermodynamic analysis were employed to dispose the experimental sorption data. Experimental results showed that organic matter was the dominant parameter and the coexistence of heavy metal Cu(II) could promote the sorption of chloramphenicol on four tested sediments. The adsorption parameter analysis showed sorption of chloramphenicol on the sediment was not pure distributional effects, not a strong interaction between molecule and surface, but other weak interactions. Thermodynamic parameters values such as ΔG, ΔH and ΔS were all below zero, which indicated that the sorption was a spontaneous and exothermal process.
A benchmark simulation to verify an inhibition model on decay stage for nitrification
Authors: Liu Bing , Jarvis Ian , Naka Daisuke , Goel Rajeev , Yasui Hidenari
Published: September 2013

Activated Sludge Models (ASMs) are widely used for biological wastewater treatment plant design, optimisation and operation. In commonly used ASMs, the nitrification process is modelled as a one-step process. However, in some process configurations, it is desirable to model the concentration of nitrite nitrogen through a two-step nitrification process. In this study, the benchmark datasets published by the Water Environment Research Foundation (WERF) were used to develop a two-step nitrification model considering the kinetics of Ammonium Oxidising Bacteria (AOB) and Nitrite Oxidising Bacteria (NOB). The WERF datasets were collected from a chemostat reactor fed about 1,000 mg-NH3-N/L synthetic influent with at different sludge retention times of 20, 10 and 5-d, whereas the pH in the reactor varied in the range of 5.8 and 8.8. Supplemental laboratory batch experiments were conducted to assess the toxicity of nitrite-N on nitrifying bacteria. These tests suggested that 500 mg-N/L of nitrite at pH 7.3 was toxic to NOB and resulted in continuous decrease in bulk oxygen uptake rate. To model this phenomenon, a poisoning model was used instead of the traditional Haldane-type inhibition model. The poisoning model for NOB and AOB with different threshold poisonings for unionised NO2-N and NH3-N concentrations could successfully reproduce the three WERF datasets.
Phosphorus removal in a membrane-assisted BNR process with focus on evolutions of PAOs and DPAOs
Authors: Wang Z. Z. , Li J. , Wang C. W. , Wang Y. L.
Published: September 2013

A bench-scale UCT (University of Cape Town)-type membrane bioreactor (UCT–MBR) fed with low-strength synthetic wastewater was operated to investigate phosphorus removal with reference to poly-phosphate accumulating organisms (PAOs) and denitrifying poly-phosphate accumulating organisms (DPAOs). A series of kinetic assays of PAOs and DPAOs were also conducted to analyze the metabolic activities of PAOs and DPAOs. Results showed that 93% of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and 77% of total nitrogen could be removed at 0.08 kgCOD kg−1 MLSS d−1 and 0.015 kgN kg−1 MLSS d−1 loading (MLSS: mixed liquor suspended solids). Removal efficiencies of total phosphorus increased during the experimental phase, with an ultimate removal efficiency of 96.1%. Kano and Kaer increased from 1.95 and 6.29 mgPO43−-P g−1 MLSS h−1 to 5.47 and 11.13 mgPO43−-P g−1 MLSS h−1 for DPAOs and PAOs respectively, with the increased ratio of DPAOs to PAOs from 31 to 49% implying DPAO metabolic activity increased faster than that of PAOs during the DPAO accumulation phase. Pano-uptake increased by 6.6 mg L−1 and the ratio of PTano-uptake to PTupt increased from 58.97 to 91.62%. The ratio of DPAOs to PAOs tended to stabilize at around 50% over time.
Assessment of E. coli partitioning behavior via both culture-based and qPCR methods
Authors: Krometis Leigh-Anne , Noble Rachel T. , Characklis Gregory W. , Denene Blackwood A. , Sobsey Mark D.
Published: September 2013

Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) offers a rapid, highly sensitive analytical alternative to the traditional culture-based techniques of microbial enumeration typically used in water quality monitoring. Before qPCR can be widely applied within surface water monitoring programs and stormwater assessment research, the relationships between microbial concentrations measured by qPCR and culture-based methods must be assessed across a range of water types. Previous studies investigating fecal indicator bacteria quantification using molecular and culture-based techniques have compared measures of total concentration, but have not examined particle-associated microorganisms, which may be more important from a transport perspective, particularly during the calibration of predictive water quality models for watershed management purposes. This study compared total, free-phase, and particle-associated Escherichia coli concentrations as determined by the Colilert defined substrate method and qPCR targeting the uidA gene in stream grab samples partitioned via a calibrated centrifugation technique. Free-phase concentrations detected through qPCR were significantly higher than those detected using Colilert although total concentrations were statistically equivalent, suggesting a source of analytical bias. Although a specimen processing complex was used to identify and correct for inhibition of the qPCR reaction, high particle concentrations may have resulted in underestimation of total cell counts, particularly at low concentrations. Regardless, qPCR-based techniques will likely have an important future role in stormwater assessment and management.
Preparation and characterization of C,N-codoped TiO2 photocatalyst for the degradation of diclofenac from wastewater
Authors: Buda Waldemar , Czech Bożena
Published: September 2013

Application of mesoporous C- and C,N-codoped TiO2 in the removal of diclofenac from water was studied. The sol–gel method was used for the preparation of the photocatalysts. The physicochemical properties of studied materials were characterized by BET (Brunauer, Emmett and Teller), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction (XRD) methods. XPS confirmed the incorporation of nitrogen and carbon atoms into TiO2 lattice. The synthesized catalysts were effective in the removal of the studied pollutant from water and enabled reduction of the COD (chemical oxygen demand) value of the wastewater by at least 60%. The process of diclofenac photooxidation over the C,N-codoped and C-doped TiO2 photocatalysts proceeded similarly and was followed by pseudo-first order kinetics. The increase in calcination temperature resulted in the rutile fraction (5%) slightly lowering the effectiveness of treatment. The results over pure anatase structures confirmed that anatase has usually a better photocatalytic activity than rutile. The best changes in the water quality were observed during the first 50 min of treatment, but mineralization of pollutant did not lead to complete.
Process design for wastewater treatment: catalytic ozonation of organic pollutants
Authors: Derrouiche S. , Bourdin D. , Roche P. , Houssais B. , Machinal C. , Coste M. , Restivo J. , Órfão J. J. M. , Pereira M. F. R. , Marco Y. , Garcia-Bordeje E.
Published: September 2013

Emerging micropollutants have been recently the target of interest for their potential harmful effects in the environment and their resistance to conventional water treatments. Catalytic ozonation is an advanced oxidation process consisting of the formation of highly reactive radicals from the decomposition of ozone promoted by a catalyst. Nanocarbon materials have been shown to be effective catalysts for this process, either in powder form or grown on the surface of a monolithic structure. In this work, carbon nanofibers grown on the surface of a cordierite honeycomb monolith are tested as catalyst for the ozonation of five selected micropollutants: atrazine (ATZ), bezafibrate, erythromycin, metolachlor, and nonylphenol. The process is tested both in laboratorial and real conditions. Later on, ATZ was selected as a target pollutant to further investigate the role of the catalytic material. It is shown that the inclusion of a catalyst improves the mineralization degree compared to single ozonation.
Money-primed reactance does not help ensure autonomy
Authors: Shi Yu , Xianglong Zeng , Wang Chenyue , Chen Henry , Xiangping Liu
Published: September 2013

In a recent study Liu, Smeesters, and Vohs (2011) found that money primes reactance, as defined by oppositional behavior. This reactance does not necessarily imply autonomy, or the reflective endorsement of one's actions. We posited, however, that by protecting personal choice from
social influence money-primed reactance may help ensure autonomy under conditions of strong social pressure. To test this, we adapted Asch's (1956) conformity setup. We found that although money-primed reactance in control trials in which the majority provided correct responses, this effect
vanished in critical trials in which the majority provided incorrect answers. These results suggest that the reactance primed by money does not help maintain autonomy under strong social pressure but may only be a compensatory behavior that reflects a heightened need for autonomy.
Telecare service use among Taiwanese aged 60 and over: Satisfaction, trust, and continued use intention
Authors: Uei Shu-Lin , Tsai Chung-Hung , Yang Mei-Sang
Published: September 2013

Successful telecare services require technical and operational stability and should meet users' needs. In this study our aim was to explore the telecare services commonly used by Taiwanese aged 60 and over (mean age of participants = 65 ± 4.5 years) and how both user satisfaction
and trust of the families directly influence continued use intention. A survey was conducted with 120 people living in the community in Eastern Taiwan, 60 of whom were elderly people who had received telecare over a 2-year period, and 60 of the telecare users' family members. The findings
revealed that among this group of older adult users telecare continued use intention was significantly associated with their level of satisfaction (p < .01) and their family members' trust (p < .01) of these services. These results should assist medical institutions in
understanding the experiences of older adults using telecare and in providing future services that better comply with clients' requirements.
Effect of father-child bonding on conflict resolution during emerging adulthood
Authors: Tastan Nuray
Published: September 2013

I examined the relationship between father-child bonding and conflict resolution during emerging adulthood, using the Turkish version (Kapçı & Küçüker, 2006) of the Parental Bonding Instrument – Paternal Form (PBI; Parker, Tupling, & Brown,
1979), and the Conflict Resolution Questionnaire (McClellan, 1997). Participants were 672 students at Kirikkale University in Turkey. Results indicated that father-child bonding affected both constructive and destructive conflict resolution positively at a low level. These findings provide
information with regard to the direction and intensity of the relationship between these variables, and are discussed with respect to the literature.
Does "spicy girl" have a peppery temper? the metaphorical link between spicy tastes and anger
Authors: Ji Ting-Ting , Ding Yi , Deng Huan , Jing Ma , Jiang Qi
Published: September 2013

Drawing upon the theories of conceptual metaphors and embodiment, in the present study we systematically examined the metaphorical link between spicy tastes and anger. In terms of personality, the results showed that participants presumed strangers who liked spicy foods (e.g., chili
peppers) were more easily angered (Experiment 1). In addition, we found that people who are higher in trait anger are more likely to have a spicy food preference (Experiment 2). The findings support a metaphorical mapping between taste and personality processes.
Number of siblings and generalized trust
Authors: Yucel Deniz
Published: September 2013

While demographers have long been concerned with population increases, recent significant declines in fertility also warrant concern. However, most researchers to date have focused on the causes of lower fertility rather than its consequences. Using General Social Survey (GSS) data,
I tested the relationship between sibship size and generalized trust. I found that there is a negative relationship between sibship size and generalized trust among adults who have at least 4 siblings. These findings have implications for researchers who seek to have a better understanding
of the consequences of declining sibship size.
Participation in International Large-Scale Assessments from a US Perspective
Authors: Plisko Valena White
Published: September 2013

International large-scale assessments (ILSAs) play a distinct role in the United States' decentralized federal education system. Separate from national and state assessments, they offer an external, objective measure for the United States to assess student performance comparatively with other countries and over time. The US engagement in ILSAs derives from both a legal mandate and a history of international collaboration among governments and among researchers. From a US perspective, ILSAs function primarily for benchmarking and related purposes. The assessments in which the United States participates vary in terms of their focus, countries participating, subject-matter coverage, cycles and samples. Each offers unique measures on how well US students are performing relative to their counterparts internationally. The ILSAs serve as a small but significant complement to the US federal government's investment in its national assessments. Current federal support for state benchmarking to international assessments brings an added dimension to the portfolio of US participation. Additional efforts could also expand the usage of ILSAs and their potential impact.
The Use of Management Controls to Mitigate Risk in Strategic Alliances: Field and Survey Evidence
Authors: Anderson Shannon W. , Christ Margaret H. , Dekker Henri C. , Sedatole Karen L.
Published: September 2013

Transaction cost economics (TCE) theory is widely used to study the governance and management control practices used to mitigate interfirm alliance risk. Following Williamson (1985, 1991), empirical studies typically measure transaction characteristics that proxy for risk in alliances (e.g., asset specificity), and test for a relation between these measures and alliance management control choices. A common criticism of studies in this literature is that they typically focus on a narrow set of governance decisions (e.g., make versus buy) or control practices (e.g., specific contract terms). We posit that an equally limiting aspect of this literature is its reliance on risk proxies measured at the level of the individual transaction. These proxies fail to explicate specific alliance risks and, coupled with an undue focus on transactions rather than the totality of interfirm relationships, limit our understanding of how risks give rise to management controls more broadly defined. In this study we use field-based research and survey methods to develop a comprehensive inventory of the specific risks that managers anticipate and to provide insight regarding their prevalence across different types of interfirm alliances. Our analysis of the data supports an extant classification scheme that dichotomizes alliance risk as relational risk or performance risk (Das and Teng 1996, 2001). However, our analysis reveals another distinct risk category—compliance and regulatory risk—that figures prominently in accounting risk frameworks (i.e., COSO). Our exploratory analysis of correlation in the use of management controls, including contracts as well as pre- and post-contractual control processes, reveals six sets of alliance control practices. Relating these to risks, we find that performance risk is associated primarily with careful partner selection and contractual outcome agreements; relational risk is associated primarily with explicit exit agreements; and, compliance and regulatory risk is associated primarily with informal controls. In addition, we find that as compared to contractual alliances, alliances with shared ownership (i.e., joint ventures) make greater use of financial controls and informal controls. By identifying specific risks and controls used in practice and providing preliminary evidence of their relationships, this study provides a reference for future researchers seeking to provide more meaningful insight into the relationship between interfirm alliance risk environment and control systems.