bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Harnessing Causal Structure Alignment for Enhanced Cross-Domain Named Entity Recognition
Authors: Liu Xiaoming , Cao Mengyuan , Yang Guan , Liu Jie , Liu Yang , Wang Hang
Published: December 2023

Cross-domain named entity recognition (NER) is a crucial task in various practical applications, particularly when faced with the challenge of limited data availability in target domains. Existing methodologies primarily depend on feature representation or model parameter sharing mechanisms to enable the transfer of entity recognition capabilities across domains. However, these approaches often ignore the latent causal relationships inherent in invariant features. To address this limitation, we propose a novel framework, the Causal Structure Alignment-based Cross-Domain Named Entity Recognition (CSA-NER) framework, designed to harness the causally invariant features within causal structures to enhance the cross-domain transfer of entity recognition competence. Initially, CSA-NER constructs a causal feature graph utilizing causal discovery to ascertain causal relationships between entities and contextual features across source and target domains. Subsequently, it performs graph structure alignment to extract causal invariant knowledge across domains via the graph optimal transport (GOT) method. Finally, the acquired causal invariant knowledge is refined and utilized through the integration of Gated Attention Units (GAUs). Comprehensive experiments conducted on five English datasets and a specific CD-NER dataset exhibit a notable improvement in the average performance of the CSA-NER model in comparison to existing cross-domain methods. These findings underscore the significance of unearthing and employing latent causal invariant knowledge to effectively augment the entity recognition capabilities in target domains, thereby contributing a robust methodology to the broader realm of cross-domain natural language processing.
Characteristics of Permeability Evolution and Pore Structure of Coal with High Gas
Authors: Zhu Jie , Shao Tangsha , Lan Tianxiang , Cheng Zhiyuan , Zhang Yubo , Wang Quanqi , Lin Li
Published: December 2023

To study the influence of gas pressure on coal permeability evolution, we conducted experiments on coal samples from the No. 9 coal seam in Tangshan Coal Mine, Hebei Province, China. Different gas pressures (helium and nitrogen) were applied, and nitrogen-induced deformations were measured. We also analyzed the coal samples’ pore structure using mercury injection porosimetry, obtaining pore surface fractal dimensions. The increase in nitrogen pressure from 0.3 MPa to 3 MPa resulted in an elevation of adsorption strain from 0.168 × 10−3 to 1.076 × 10−3, with a gradual decrease observed in the extent of this increase. However, the permeability of coal samples initially decreased from 16.05 × 10−18 m2 to 4.91 × 10−18 m2 and subsequently rose to 5.69 × 10−18 m2. Helium showed similar trends to nitrogen, with average permeability 1.42–1.88 times higher under the same pressure. The lowest permeability occurred at 1.5 MPa for helium and 2.5 MPa for nitrogen. Gas absorptivity plays a crucial role in coal permeability evolution. Additionally, we observed coal’s compressibility to be 7.2 × 10−11 m2/N and corrected porosity to be 53.8%, considering matrix compression. Seepage pores larger than 100 nm accounted for 80.4% of the total pore volume, facilitating gas seepage. Surface fractal dimension Ds1 correlated positively with micropore volume, while Ds2 and Ds3 correlated negatively with pore volume and gas permeability.
Evaluation of Temperature on the Methane Hydrates Formation Process Using Sodium Surfactin and Rhamnolipids
Authors: Pavón-García Antonio , Zúñiga-Moreno Abel , García-Morales Ricardo , Verónico-Sánchez Francisco Javier , Elizalde-Solis Octavio
Published: December 2023

The performance of chemical and biological additives in the methane hydrates formation and dissociation processes is of relevance for the development of gas-transport and gas-storage systems. The effect of sodium surfactin, rhamnolipids, and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) on the methane hydrate formation process was assessed in this work at different temperatures and a fixed pressure of 50 bar. The studied parameters were induction time, methane uptake, period to reach 90 percent of the consumed gas, water-to-hydrate conversion, and formation rate. Concentrations for sodium surfactin were 3, 150, 750, 1500, 2000, and 2500 ppm, while rhamnolipids and SDS solutions were analyzed at 1500, 2000, and 2500 ppm. Performance testing of these additives was carried out by means of the isochoric–isothermal method. The experimental setup consisted of an isochoric three-cell array with 300 mL of capacity and magnetic stirring. According to the results, the sodium surfactin promoted the methane hydrate formation since the kinetics were higher and the water-to-hydrate conversion averaged 24.3%; meanwhile, the gas uptake increased as concentration was rising, and the induction time was reduced even at a temperature of 276.15 K.
An Approach to Forecasting the Structure of Energy Generation in the Age of Energy Transition Based on the Automated Determination of Factor Significance
Authors: Ilin Igor V. , Iliashenko Oksana Yu. , Schenikov Egor M.
Published: December 2023

In the age of energy transition that we are going through today, many research studies discuss how to develop various approaches to making forecasts aimed at obtaining quantitative assessments of the technical and economic indicators of the energy industry. This paper considers the adaptation of a comprehensive approach to forecasting the structure of energy generation based on the factor and trend approach and using autoregressive and multifactor models that apply a linear regression tool with ridge regularization. To implement this approach, we propose a tool for automated selection of the factors that have the most significant impact on the change in the structure of energy generation. This approach allows us to forecast the dynamics of electricity generation by different types of generating facilities as affected by the key factors in energy transition in the short, medium, and long term. As a result, we obtained quantitative relationships for the energy generation structure. Over the next 10 years, the share of generation using renewable energy sources will increase to 10%, and the share of thermal power plants, on the contrary, will decrease to 50%, despite the growth in demand for electricity. Also, greenhouse gas emissions will be reduced by 30%. We have also provided scientific justification for the sufficient reliability of the forecasts we present.
Tuning Hydrogen Storage Properties in La1−xYxNi4.5Cu0.5 (x = 0.1; 0.2; 0.3; 0.4, 0.5) Alloys
Authors: Mańka Mateusz , Kinoshita Tomohiro , Nowak Anita , Ludwik Aleksandra , Klimkowicz Alicja , Takasaki Akito , Gondek Łukasz
Published: December 2023

Metal hydrides of AB5 compositions have been investigated over the years as they offer extraordinary volumetric hydrogen densities with high cycling stability and purity of released hydrogen. Moreover, by doping with different elements, the sorption properties of alloys can be significantly changed according to their foreseen applications. In this contribution, we report the synthesis routes and hydrogenation characteristics of La1−xYxNi4.5Cu0.5. The synthesized alloys exhibit excellent structural purity with all reflections indexed by the hexagonal P6/mmm structure. It was found that the Y content can easily tune (raise) the equilibrium pressures of the pressure–composition isotherms, while overall gravimetric density remains at a level exceeding 1.5 wt.% up to x = 0.3 then strongly decreases. The pressure range for desorption can be tuned from 1.5 to 5 bars at room temperature. Some alloys (x = 0; 0.2) exhibit very good stability during 1000 cycles of hydrogen loading and unloading. Furthermore, activation of the alloys is prompt, making them good candidates for stationary hydrogen storage, non-mechanical hydrogen compressors, or soft actuators.
Analysis and Monitoring of Maximum Solar Potential for Energy Production Optimization Using Photovoltaic Panels
Authors: Manowska Anna , Dylong Artur , Tkaczyk Bogdan , Manowski Jarosław
Published: December 2023

This article explores the efficiency of photovoltaic (PV) panels, which is crucial in the search for sustainable energy solutions. The study presents a comprehensive analysis of the maximum solar potential achievable through photovoltaic technologies amidst the increasing global energy demands. The research examines solar radiation measurement techniques, the incidence angle of solar rays, and the intricacies of PV panel efficiency. It highlights the potential for improving the performance of solar-based energy systems. Four main sections are covered, beginning with an introduction to the importance of energy storage in sustainable energy production, especially in the context of the European Union’s energy goals and the Green Deal. The following sections discuss the precision needed in the geographical positioning of measurement systems, the impact of light physics, and variable weather conditions on energy capture. The last section presents a novel clock algorithm regulation system designed to enhance the efficiency of the measurement system.
Renewable Electric Energy Storage Systems by Storage Spheres on the Seabed of Deep Lakes or Oceans
Authors: Schmidt-Böcking Horst Werner , Luther Gerhard , Düren Michael , Puchta Matthias , Bender Tom , Garg Andreas , Ernst Bernhard , Frobeen Heinz
Published: December 2023

This paper describes a new underwater pumped storage hydropower concept (U.PSH) that can store electric energy by using the high water pressure on the seabed or in deep lakes to accomplish the energy transition from fossil to renewable sources. Conventional PSH basically consists of two storage reservoirs (upper and lower lake) at different topographical heights. It needs special topographic conditions, which are only limitedly available in mountain regions. Furthermore, due to the lack of acceptance and the environmental impact, new conventional PSH projects are very unlikely to be built in larger numbers in Europe in the near future. The presented solution solves these issues by placing the storage system on the seabed, thus having other geographical requirements. It operates as follows: in contrast to well-known conventional PSH plants, which use two separated water reservoirs of different heights, the U.PSH concept uses the static pressure of the water column in deep waters by installing a hollow concrete sphere in deep water. Storage of electricity is achieved by using a reversible pump in the hollow sphere. Upon opening a valve, water flows into the sphere, driving a turbine/generator, thereby discharging the storage device. In order to re-charge, the water is pumped out of the sphere against the pressure of the surrounding water. The power and energy, respectively, are proportional to the surrounding water pressure at the seabed. The amount of energy stored depends on the water depth and the volume of the spheres. The spheres need a cable connection to the shore or to a close-by floating transformer station (e.g., an offshore wind plant). No other connections such as pipes are needed. The functional principle of this energy storage technology, its state of the art, its storage capacity and the shape and size of the required spheres are discussed in this paper.
Pathways to Clean Energy Transition in Indonesia’s Electricity Sector with Open-Source Energy Modelling System Modelling (OSeMOSYS)
Authors: Paiboonsin Pusanisa , Oluleye Gbemi , Howells Mark , Yeganyan Rudolf , Cannone Carla , Patterson Simon
Published: December 2023

Responding to the Paris Agreement and climate change mitigation, Indonesia aims to reach net zero by 2060 or sooner. Due to Indonesia’s dependence on coal and growing consumption, alternative sources of clean energy are imperative for meeting its rising energy needs and reducing energy-related greenhouse gas emissions to achieve the energy transition. This project aims to examine Indonesia’s opportunities and potential to achieve low carbon ambition in the energy sector and identify alternative pathways for the energy transition in Indonesia. In this study, the open-source energy modelling system (OSeMOSYS), which is a long-term energy system modelling tool, is employed to compare electricity generation, investment, and carbon dioxide emissions between business-as-usual and five alternative scenarios. Six scenarios, including business as usual, least-cost, two coal-phrase out and two net zero aligned with national climate targets and optimal scenarios, were simulated across different target years. The results show that the net zero (NZ) scenario is more cost-effective and emits fewer greenhouse gases than the other scenarios in meeting Indonesia’s future energy demand. However, achieving net zero by 2050 (NZ50) results in significantly lower CO2 emissions (10,134 MtCO2), which is less than half of the emissions in the net zero by 2060 (NZ60) scenario (16,849 MtCO2) at a similar cost (6229 and 6177 billion USD, respectively). This paper’s insights emphasise that large-scale renewable energy deployment and coal retirement are critical pathways to reaching carbon neutrality and achieving the energy mix transition.
A Novel Harris-Hawk-Optimization-Based Maximum-Power-Point-Tracking Control Strategy for a Grid-Connected PV Power-Generation System
Authors: Tao Xiang , Xin Jianbo , Zhang Shuai , Xu Zaide , Ye Zhonghai , Wang Kai , Chen Bo , Zhou Ning
Published: December 2023

This paper aims to assess the efficacy of the Harris Hawk Optimization (HHO) algorithm within the domain of photovoltaic (PV) power-generation systems. The focus lies in elucidating how the HHO algorithm optimizes maximum-power-point tracking (MPPT) and augments the performance of grid-connected PV systems. Initially, in the MATLAB/Simulink environment, a comparison is made between the HHO algorithm and two other extensively utilized methods for maximum-power-point tracking (MPPT): Perturb and Observe (P&O) and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO). Preliminary findings indicate the HHO algorithm’s notable advantages in efficiency and speed over the other algorithms. Furthermore, by establishing a practical experimental platform and synchronously verifying outcomes through simulation, we conducted a comprehensive assessment of the HHO algorithm on a single-phase full-bridge-inverter grid-connected system. Results show the HHO algorithm’s exceptional optimization capabilities, which displays superior adaptability and ability to adjust to varying external conditions.
Analysis of the Influence of the 6-Pulse Thyristor-Bridge Input Reactor Size on the Shunt Active Power Filter Work Efficiency: A Case Study
Authors: Azebaze Mboving Chamberlin Stéphane , Hanzelka Zbigniew
Published: December 2023

This paper presents a case study in which the influence of the 6-pulse thyristor-bridge input reactor size on the shunt active power filter (SAPF)’s work performance is investigated. The purpose of using an SAPF in the power system is in most cases for fundamental harmonic reactive power compensation, harmonics and asymmetry mitigation. The work efficiency of such a filter depends not only on the designed control system, interface filter and dc-link capacitor parameters, but also on the parameters of the electrical system in which it is connected. Therefore, it is necessary to study and know the power system (supplier and consumer sides) before its installation. For instance, in the electrical system with diode or thyristor-bridge as loads, the SAPF performance efficiency may not be satisfied due to the high rate of current change (di/dt) at the points of commutation notches. In this paper, the performed simulation and laboratory experiments show that for a better operating efficiency of the SAPF, the input reactor parameters should be selected based not only on the effective reduction in the inverter switching ripple or the control system demand, but also on the parameters of the load, such as the parameters of the diode or thyristor-bridge input reactor. Apart from the experimental demonstrations on how the input reactor size influences the SAPF work efficiency, the novelties in this paper are: the formulated recommendations on how to choose the SAPF input reactor parameters (the SAPF is more efficient in terms of harmonics, asymmetry and reactive power mitigation when the inductance of its input reactor (L-filter) is smaller than the one of the diode or thyristor-bridge input reactor); the proposed SAPF control system; the proposed expressions to compute the SAPF input reactor inductance, DC voltage and capacitor.
Selected Physicochemical, Thermal, and Rheological Properties of Barley Starch Depending on the Type of Soil and Fertilization with Ash from Biomass Combustion
Authors: Pycia Karolina , Szpunar-Krok Ewa , Szostek Małgorzata , Pawlak Renata , Juszczak Lesław
Published: December 2023

The following study analyzed the impact of fertilizing barley with fly ash from biomass combustion grown on two types of soil, Haplic Luvisol (HL) and Gleyic Chernozem (GC), on the properties of starch. The experiment was conducted in 2019 (A) and 2020 (B), and barley was fertilized with ash doses (D1–D6) differing in mineral content. In the tested barley starch samples, the amylose content, the clarity of the paste, and the content of selected minerals were determined. The thermodynamic characteristics of gelatinization and retrogradation were determined using the DSC method. Pasting characteristics, flow curves, and viscoelastic properties of starch pastes were performed. Starches differed in amylose content and paste clarity. The highest gelatinization and retrogradation enthalpy (ΔHG and ΔHR) values were recorded for samples GCD1A and HLD5B. None of the tested factors significantly affected the pasting temperature (PT), but they had a significant impact on the remaining parameters of the pasting characteristics. The average PT value of barley starches was 90.9 °C. However, GCD2A starch had the highest maximum viscosity and the highest rheological stability during heating. GCD2A paste was characterized by the highest apparent viscosity. It was shown that all pastes showed non-Newtonian flow and shear-thinning and had a predominance of elastic features over viscous ones. The resulting gels had the characteristics of weak gels. Ash from burning wood biomass is an innovative alternative to mineral fertilizers. It was shown that the use of such soil fertilization influenced the properties of barley starch.
Characterization of Second-Generation Snacks Manufactured from Andean Tubers and Tuberous Root Flours
Authors: Acurio Liliana , Salazar Diego , Castillo Bagner , Santiana Cristian , Martínez-Monzó Javier , Igual Marta
Published: December 2023

Andean roots, such as zanahoria blanca, achira, papa China, camote, oca, and mashua, contain high amounts of dietary fiber, vitamins, minerals, and fructo-oligosaccharides. This study aimed to demonstrate the possibility of obtaining healthy second-generation (2G) snacks (products obtained from the immediate expansion of the mixture at the exit of the extruder die) using these roots as raw materials. Corn grits were mixed with Andean root flour in a proportion of 80:20, and a Brabender laboratory extruder was used to obtain the 2G snacks. The addition of root flour increased the water content, water activity, sectional expansion index, hygroscopicity, bulk density, and water absorption index but decreased the porosity. However, all 2G snacks manufactured with Andean root flour showed better characteristics than did the control (made with corn grits) in texture (softer in the first bite and pleasant crispness) and optical properties (more intense and saturated colors). The developed snacks could be considered functional foods due to the high amount of carotenoids and phenolic compounds they exhibit after the addition of Andean root flours. The composition of raw roots, specifically the starch, fiber, and protein content, had the most impact on snack properties due to their gelatinization or denaturalization.
The Psychological Impact of the Widespread Availability of Palatable Foods Predicts Uncontrolled and Emotional Eating in Adults
Authors: Medina Natália d’Ottaviano , de Carvalho-Ferreira Joana Pereira , Beghini Julia , da Cunha Diogo Thimoteo
Published: December 2023

This study aimed to investigate the role of the psychological impact of environments rich in palatable foods on three aspects of eating behavior: cognitive restraint (CR), uncontrolled eating (UE), and emotional eating (EE). The hypotheses were as follows: (a) The psychological impact (i.e., motivation to eat) of an environment rich in palatable foods will positively predict CR, UE, and EE; (b) dieting will predict CR, UE, and EE; and (c) CR, UE, and EE will positively predict body mass index (BMI). This study had a cross-sectional design in which data were collected online from 413 subjects. The psychological impact of food-rich environments (food available, food present, and food tasted) was assessed using the Power of Food Scale (PFS), and CR, UE, and EE were assessed using the Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire (TFEQ-R18). Both instruments were tested for confirmatory factor analysis. The relationship between constructs was measured using partial least-square structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). “Food available” positively predicted all TFEQ-R18 factors (p < 0.01). “Food present” positively predicted UE (p < 0.001) and EE (p = 0.01). People currently on a diet showed higher levels of CR (p < 0.001) and EE (p = 0.02). UE and EE positively predicted BMI. Thus, CR, UE, and EE were positively predicted by the motivation to consume palatable foods in varying proximity, suggesting that the presence of food and, more importantly, its general availability may be important determinants of eating behavior, particularly UE and EE. Health strategies should consider the influence of the food environment to prevent and better manage impairments in eating behavior. Sex differences suggest that special attention should be paid to women. Furthermore, dieting was associated with higher levels of EE, which in turn was associated with higher BMI. Weight loss interventions should consider this vulnerability.
A Comparative Study of Chemical Profiling and Bioactivities between Thai and Foreign Hemp Seed Species (Cannabis sativa L.) Plus an In-Silico Investigation
Authors: Sangkanu Suthinee , Pitakbut Thanet , Phoopha Sathianpong , Khanansuk Jiraporn , Chandarajoti Kasemsiri , Dej-adisai Sukanya
Published: December 2023

Hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) is a plant widely used by humans for textiles, food, and medicine. Thus, this study aimed to characterize the chemical profiling of 12 hemp seed extracts from Thai (HS-TH) and foreign (HS-FS) samples using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC–MS). Their antibacterial activity and α-glucosidase inhibitory activity were assayed. Linoleic acid (17.63–86.53%) was a major component presented in Thai hemp seed extracts, while α,β-gluco-octonic acid lactone (30.39%), clionasterol (13.42–29.07%), and glyceryl-linoleate (15.12%) were detected as the main metabolites found in foreign hemp seed extracts. Furthermore, eight extracts from both Thai and foreign hemp seed exhibited antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, and Cutibacterium acnes, with MIC values ranging from 128 to 2048 µg/mL. Interestingly, the ethanol extract of Thai hemp seed (HS-TH-2-M-E) showed superior α-glucosidase inhibition (IC50 value of 33.27 ug/mL) over foreign species. The combination between Thai hemp species (HS-TH-2-M-E) and acarbose showed a synergistic effect against α-glucosidase. Furthermore, the docking investigation revealed that fatty acids had a greater impact on α-glucosidase than fatty acid esters and cannabinoids. The computational simulation predicts a potential allosteric binding pocket of guanosine on glucosidase and is the first description of gluco-octonic acid’s anti-glucosidase activity in silico. The findings concluded that Thai hemp seed could be used as a resource for supplemental drugs or dietary therapy for diabetes mellitus.
Synthesizing Carbon Quantum Dots via Hydrothermal Reaction to Produce Efficient Antibacterial and Antibiofilm Nanomaterials
Authors: Cui Tianqi , Fan Ya , Liu Yaping , Ding Yangyue , Li Xinyue , Cheng Guiguang , Cheng Jianjun
Published: December 2023

This study aimed to synthesize antibacterial carbon quantum dots (SP-CDs) from polyethyleneimine and spermidine via hydrothermal reaction. It was revealed that SP-CDs, with small size (7.18 nm) and high positive charge (+31.15 mV), had good fluorescence properties and lots of amino groups on their surfaces. The inhibition effect of SP-CDs on Staphylococcus aureus was better than that towards Escherichia coli, and the SP-CDs also had an inhibitory effect on multi-drug-resistant E. coli. The mechanism of SP-CDs shows that the SP-CDs were adsorbed on the surface of the negatively charged cell membrane through electrostatic interaction. SP-CDs can cause changes in membrane permeability, resulting in a shift of the cell membrane from order to disorder and the decomposition of chemical components, followed by the leakage of cell contents, resulting in bacterial death. SP-CDs can also significantly inhibit biofilm formation, destroy mature biofilms and reduce the number of living cells. Moreover, SP-CDs had negligible antimicrobial resistance even after 18 generations of treatment. This study proves that SP-CDs effectively inhibit the proliferation of foodborne pathogens, providing new feasibility for the application of carbon-based nanomaterials in the food industry.
Transglutaminase-Induced Polymerization of Pea and Chickpea Protein to Enhance Functionality
Authors: Yaputri Brigitta P. , Feyzi Samira , Ismail Baraem P.
Published: December 2023

Pulse proteins, such as pea and chickpea proteins, have inferior functionality, specifically gelation, compared to soy protein, hindering their applications in different food products, such as meat analogs. To close the functionality gap, protein polymerization via targeted modification can be pursued. Accordingly, transglutaminase-induced polymerization was evaluated in pea protein isolate (PPI) and chickpea protein isolate (ChPI) to improve their functionality. The PPI and ChPI were produced following a scaled-up salt extraction coupled with ultrafiltration (SE-UF) process. Transglutaminase (TGase)-modified PPI and ChPI were evaluated in comparison to unmodified counterparts and to commercial protein ingredients. Protein denaturation and polymerization were observed in the TG PPI and TG ChPI. In addition, the TGase modification led to the formation of intermolecular β-sheet and β-turn structures that contributed to an increase in high-molecular-weight polymers, which, in turn, significantly improved the gel strength. The TG ChPI had a significantly higher gel strength but a lower emulsification capacity than the TG PPI. These results demonstrated the impact of the inherent differences in the protein fractions on the functional behavior among species. For the first time, the functional behavior of the PPI and ChPI, produced on a pilot scale under mild processing conditions, was comprehensively evaluated as impacted by the TGase-induced structural changes.
Exploring the Effectiveness of Self-Management Interventions in Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis
Authors: Tsokani Sofia , Seitidis Georgios , Christogiannis Christos , Kontouli Katerina-Maria , Nikolakopoulos Stavros , Zevgiti Stella , Orrego Carola , Ballester Marta , Suñol Rosa , Heijmans Monique , Poortvliet Rune , van der Gaag Marieke , Alonso-Coello Pablo , Canelo-Aybar Carlos , Beltran Jessica , González-González Ana I. , de Graaf Gimon , Veroniki Areti-Angeliki , Mavridis Dimitrios
Published: December 2023

Background: Chronic diseases are a leading cause of global morbidity and mortality. In response to this challenge, self-management interventions (SMIs) have emerged as an essential tool in improving patient outcomes. However, the diverse and complex nature of SMIs pose significant challenges in measuring their effectiveness. This work aims to investigate the comparative effectiveness of SMIs on Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) outcomes. Methods: A rigorous analytical framework was employed to assess the relative effectiveness of different SMIs, encompassing both pairwise and network meta-analysis (NMA), as well as component network meta-analysis (CNMA). Various outcomes were considered, including glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) control, body mass index (BMI) reduction and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol. Visualization tools were also utilized to enhance the interpretation of results. Results: SMIs were found promising in improving clinical outcomes and patient-reported measures. However, considerable heterogeneity and inconsistency across studies challenged the validity of NMA results. CNMA along with various visualization tools offered insights into the contributions of individual SMI components, highlighting the complexity of these interventions. Discussion/Conclusions: SMIs represent a valuable approach to managing chronic conditions, but their effectiveness is context-dependent. Further research is needed to elucidate the contextual factors influencing SMI outcomes. This work contributes to a comprehensive understanding of SMIs’ role in T2DM management, aiming to aid decision-makers, clinicians, and patients in selecting tailored interventions.
Co-Design of a Reusable Learning Object (RLO) to Address Caregiver Responsive Infant Feeding Behaviours (CRIB) to Prevent Childhood Obesity: A Mixed-Method Protocol
Authors: Porter Lucy , Matvienko-Sikar Karen , Wharrad Heather , Spiby Helen , Siriwardena Aloysius Niroshan , Howitt Ciara , Green Katie , Redsell Sarah
Published: December 2023

Responsive infant feeding is a key strategy for childhood obesity prevention. Responsive feeding involves caregivers responding to infant hunger and satiety cues in a timely and developmentally appropriate manner. There is a dearth of evidence-based information and guidance for caregivers on how to responsively feed their infants. The aim of this research is to co-design a Reusable Learning Object (RLO) and guidance infographic to improve caregiver awareness, understanding and use of responsive infant feeding behaviours. The Capability, Opportunity, Motivation and Behaviour (COM-B) model of behaviour change and the Aim, Storyboarding, Populate specification, Implement media, Review and release prototype, and Evaluate (ASPIRE) approach for digital intervention co-design will be utilised. Four co-design workshops with caregivers of infants and healthcare professionals (HCPs) will determine priority RLO content. Content analysis will enable RLO development and process reporting. Formative and summative surveys will be conducted to evaluate the usability of the RLO, its impact on caregivers and its potential implementation into NHS care pathways. The output will be a RLO on responsive feeding for caregivers and an infographic for HCPs/support workers which will contribute to a future obesity prevention intervention. The findings will be disseminated to stakeholders and submitted for publication in a peer-reviewed journal.
Advances in Non-Invasive Neuromodulation: Designing Closed-Loop Devices for Respiratory-Controlled Transcutaneous Vagus Nerve Stimulation
Authors: de Faria Gabriella Maria , Lopes Eugênia Gonzales , Tobaldini Eleonora , Montano Nicola , Cunha Tatiana Sousa , Casali Karina Rabello , de Amorim Henrique Alves
Published: December 2023

Studies suggest non-invasive transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS) as a potential therapeutic option for various pathological conditions, such as epilepsy and depression. Exhalation-controlled taVNS, which synchronizes stimulation with internal body rhythms, holds promise for enhanced neuromodulation, but there is no closed-loop system in the literature capable of performing such integration in real time. In this context, the objective was to develop real-time signal processing techniques and an integrated closed-loop device with sensors to acquire physiological data. After a conditioning stage, the signal is processed and delivers synchronized electrical stimulation during the patient’s expiratory phase. Additional modules were designed for processing, software-controlled selectors, remote and autonomous operation, improved analysis, and graphical visualization. The signal processing method effectively extracted respiratory cycles and successfully attenuated signal noise. Heart rate variability was assessed in real time, using linear statistical evaluation. The prototype feedback stimulator device was physically constructed. Respiratory peak detection achieved an accuracy of 90%, and the real-time processing resulted in a small delay of up to 150 ms in the detection of the expiratory phase. Thus, preliminary results show promising accuracy, indicating the need for additional tests to optimize real-time processing and the application of the prototype in clinical studies.
Creative Environmental Exhibition: Revealing Insights through Multi-Sensory Museum Experiences and Vignette Analysis for Enhanced Audience Engagement
Authors: Carroll Fiona , Pigott Jon , Taylor Aidan , Thorne Simon , Pinney Joel
Published: December 2023

In an era where an increasing number of people find it challenging to grasp scientifically accurate environmental data, the need for more engaging museum exhibits to convey this information has never been more crucial. This article discusses Daptec Flat Holm which is a data physicalisation technology project on Flat Holm Island, Wales. Flat Holm Island is designated as a site of special scientific interest and is a local nature reserve. This project aims to understand how we might improve people’s engagement with environmental data through a multi-sensory museum exhibit. To achieve this, the project team applied a new creative approach to make the presentation of environmental data more engaging to a diverse science museum audience. Employing a user-centered methodology, this study reveals insights derived from three distinct user experience investigations conducted during the summer of 2022. The main contribution lies in how the researchers have extracted the nuances from the audience reactions and then identified potential audience types, their points of engagement, as well as their challenges. In detail, the findings illustrate how the application of a vignette data analysis technique revealed distinct audience types, including passive observers, active users, engaged ambassadors, disinterested participants, critical friends, and enthusiastic collaborators. In summary, the paper offers recommendations into how we might further engage a broader audience in technology mediated environmental museum exhibitions.
A Disability-Inclusive Healthcare-to-Well-Being Translational Science Framework
Authors: Lanzi Robin G. , Modi Riddhi A. , Rimmer James
Published: December 2023

The recent World Health Organization report on disability noted that people with disabilities (PWD) have many unmet health and rehabilitation needs, face numerous barriers to accessing healthcare and specialized services, and have overall worse health than people without disability. In view of this urgency to better identify and address health inequities systematically, we convened an expert panel of 14 stakeholders to develop a strategic plan that addresses this issue. The panel identified two major obstacles to quality healthcare services for PWD: (1) lack of coordination between the various healthcare sectors and community well-being programs and (2) substantial challenges finding and accessing healthcare services that meet their specific needs. The expert stakeholder panel noted that well-being self-management programs (both online and in person) that are easily accessible to PWD are critically needed. PWD must transition from being cared for as patients to individuals who are able to self-manage and self-advocate for their own health and well-being plans and activities. The proposed strategic plan offers providers and local communities a framework to begin addressing accessible and appropriate healthcare-to-well-being services and programs for PWD in managing their health in partnership with their healthcare providers.
Mammography Compliance for Arizona and New Mexico Hispanic and American Indian Women 2016–2018
Authors: Seanez Carol M. , Nuño Tomas , Gachupin Francine C. , Harris Robin B.
Published: December 2023

Hispanic and American Indian (AI) women experience lower breast cancer incidence than non-Hispanic White (NHW) women, but later-stage diagnoses and lower survival rates, suggesting issues with screening and healthcare access. Between 1999–2015, NHW breast cancer incidence decreased by 10% but increased by 8% for AI women. This study used 2016 and 2018 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System data for Arizona and New Mexico to explore mammography screening. Analyses included Hispanic, AI, and NHW women aged ≥40 years (n = 12,830) to calculate age-specific compliance by race/ethnicity, logistic regression, and adjusted and sample-weighted evaluated associations between compliance and socio-economic covariates. In total, 75.1% of Hispanic women aged 50–74 reported mammography in the past two years (United States Preventive Services Task Force compliant) compared to 73.9% of NHW and 71.0% of AI women. Women who reported doctor visits in the past 12 months were likelier to comply than those without (AOR = 4.2 for Hispanic, 2.9 for AI, and 3.2 for NHW women). Reporting access to a personal doctor was related to compliance, except for AI women. While screening compliance was over 74%, visiting a healthcare provider in the past 12 months was essential. AI women reported issues that suggest unique challenges when deciding on mammography.
Comparative Analysis of Cyclization Techniques in Stapled Peptides: Structural Insights into Protein–Protein Interactions in a SARS-CoV-2 Spike RBD/hACE2 Model System
Authors: Ferková Sára , Froehlich Ulrike , Nepveu-Traversy Marie-Édith , Murza Alexandre , Azad Taha , Grandbois Michel , Sarret Philippe , Lavigne Pierre , Boudreault Pierre-Luc
Published: December 2023

Medicinal chemistry is constantly searching for new approaches to develop more effective and targeted therapeutic molecules. The design of peptidomimetics is a promising emerging strategy that is aimed at developing peptides that mimic or modulate the biological activity of proteins. Among these, stapled peptides stand out for their unique ability to stabilize highly frequent helical motifs, but they have failed to be systematically reported. Here, we exploit chemically diverse helix-inducing i, i + 4 constraints—lactam, hydrocarbon, triazole, double triazole and thioether—on two distinct short sequences derived from the N-terminal peptidase domain of hACE2 upon structural characterization and in silico alanine scan. Our overall objective was to provide a sequence-independent comparison of α-helix-inducing staples using circular dichroism (CD) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. We identified a 9-mer lactam stapled peptide derived from the hACE2 sequence (His34-Gln42) capable of reaching its maximal helicity of 55% with antiviral activity in bioreporter- and pseudovirus-based inhibition assays. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first comprehensive investigation comparing several cyclization methods with the goal of generating stapled peptides and correlating their secondary structures with PPI inhibitions using a highly topical model system (i.e., the interaction of SARS-CoV-2 Spike RBD with hACE2).
Metabolomics and Transcriptomics Analyses of Curcumin Alleviation of Ochratoxin A-Induced Hepatotoxicity
Authors: Hui Peng , Zheng Xianrui , Dong Jiao , Lu Fan , Xu Chao , Qu Huan , Zhu Xiaoyang , Uemoto Yoshinobu , Lv Xiaoyang , Yin Zongjun , Sun Wei , Bao Wenbin , Wang Haifei
Published: December 2023

Ochratoxin A (OTA) is one of the mycotoxins that poses a serious threat to human and animal health. Curcumin (CUR) is a major bioactive component of turmeric that provides multiple health benefits. CUR can reduce the toxicities induced by mycotoxins, but the underlying molecular mechanisms remain largely unknown. To explore the effects of CUR on OTA toxicity and identify the key regulators and metabolites involved in the biological processes, we performed metabolomic and transcriptomic analyses of livers from OTA-exposed mice. We found that CUR can alleviate the toxic effects of OTA on body growth and liver functions. In addition, CUR supplementation significantly affects the expressions of 1584 genes and 97 metabolites. Integrated analyses of transcriptomic and metabolomic data showed that the pathways including Arachidonic acid metabolism, Purine metabolism, and Cholesterol metabolism were significantly enriched. Pantothenic acid (PA) was identified as a key metabolite, the exogenous supplementation of which was observed to significantly alleviate the OTA-induced accumulation of reactive oxygen species and cell apoptosis. Further mechanistical analyses revealed that PA can downregulate the expression level of proapoptotic protein BAX, enhance the expression level of apoptosis inhibitory protein BCL2, and decrease the level of phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (pERK1/2). This study demonstrated that CUR can alleviate the adverse effects of OTA by influencing the transcriptomic and metabolomic profiles of livers, which may contribute to the application of CUR in food and feed products for the prevention of OTA toxicity.
Mechanisms of 3-Hydroxyl 3-Methylglutaryl CoA Reductase in Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Zhou Xun , Wu Xiaolang , Wang Rui , Han Lu , Li Huilin , Zhao Wei
Published: December 2023

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disease worldwide and has a high incidence in the elderly. Unfortunately, there is no effective therapy for AD owing to its complicated pathogenesis. However, the development of lipid-lowering anti-inflammatory drugs has heralded a new era in the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease. Several studies in recent years have shown that lipid metabolic dysregulation and neuroinflammation are associated with the pathogenesis of AD. 3-Hydroxyl 3-methylglutaryl CoA reductase (HMGCR) is a rate-limiting enzyme in cholesterol synthesis that plays a key role in cholesterol metabolism. HMGCR inhibitors, known as statins, have changed from being solely lipid-lowering agents to neuroprotective compounds because of their effects on lipid levels and inflammation. In this review, we first summarize the main regulatory mechanism of HMGCR affecting cholesterol biosynthesis. We also discuss the pathogenesis of AD induced by HMGCR, including disordered lipid metabolism, oxidative stress, inflammation, microglial proliferation, and amyloid-β (Aβ) deposition. Subsequently, we explain the possibility of HMGCR as a potential target for AD treatment. Statins-based AD treatment is an ascent field and currently quite controversial; therefore, we also elaborate on the current application prospects and limitations of statins in AD treatment.
The AlkB Homolog SlALKBH10B Negatively Affects Drought and Salt Tolerance in Solanum lycopersicum
Authors: Shen Hui , Zhou Ying , Liao Changguang , Xie Qiaoli , Chen Guoping , Hu Zongli , Wu Ting
Published: December 2023

ALKBH proteins, the homologs of Escherichia coli AlkB dioxygenase, constitute a single-protein repair system that safeguards cellular DNA and RNA against the harmful effects of alkylating agents. ALKBH10B, the first discovered N6-methyladenosine (m6A) demethylase in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), has been shown to regulate plant growth, development, and stress responses. However, until now, the functional role of the plant ALKBH10B has solely been reported in arabidopsis, cotton, and poplar, leaving its functional implications in other plant species shrouded in mystery. In this study, we identified the AlkB homolog SlALKBH10B in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) through phylogenetic and gene expression analyses. SlALKBH10B exhibited a wide range of expression patterns and was induced by exogenous abscisic acid (ABA) and abiotic stresses. By employing CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing techniques to knock out SlALKBH10B, we observed an increased sensitivity of mutants to ABA treatment and upregulation of gene expression related to ABA synthesis and response. Furthermore, the Slalkbh10b mutants displayed an enhanced tolerance to drought and salt stress, characterized by higher water retention, accumulation of photosynthetic products, proline accumulation, and lower levels of reactive oxygen species and cellular damage. Collectively, these findings provide insights into the negative impact of SlALKBH10B on drought and salt tolerance in tomato plant, expanding our understanding of the biological functionality of SlALKBH10B.
Analysis of the Candidate Genes and Underlying Molecular Mechanism of P198, an RNAi-Related Dwarf and Sterile Line
Authors: Zhao Shengbo , Luo Junling , Tang Min , Zhang Chi , Song Miaoying , Wu Gang , Yan Xiaohong
Published: December 2023

The genome-wide long hairpin RNA interference (lhRNAi) library is an important resource for plant gene function research. Molecularly characterizing lhRNAi mutant lines is crucial for identifying candidate genes associated with corresponding phenotypes. In this study, a dwarf and sterile line named P198 was screened from the Brassica napus (B. napus) RNAi library. Three different methods confirmed that eight copies of T-DNA are present in the P198 genome. However, only four insertion positions were identified in three chromosomes using fusion primer and nested integrated polymerase chain reaction. Therefore, the T-DNA insertion sites and copy number were further investigated using Oxford Nanopore Technologies (ONT) sequencing, and it was found that at least seven copies of T-DNA were inserted into three insertion sites. Based on the obtained T-DNA insertion sites and hairpin RNA (hpRNA) cassette sequences, three candidate genes related to the P198 phenotype were identified. Furthermore, the potential differentially expressed genes and pathways involved in the dwarfism and sterility phenotype of P198 were investigated by RNA-seq. These results demonstrate the advantage of applying ONT sequencing to investigate the molecular characteristics of transgenic lines and expand our understanding of the complex molecular mechanism of dwarfism and male sterility in B. napus.
Comparative Evaluation of Adipokine Metrics for the Diagnosis of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Kamiński Maciej , Mierzyński Radzisław , Poniedziałek-Czajkowska Elżbieta , Sadowska Agata , Sotowski Maciej , Leszczyńska-Gorzelak Bożena
Published: December 2023

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is one of the most common medical disorders in pregnancy. Adipokines, predominantly secreted by adipose tissue, are involved in numerous metabolic processes. The exact role of adipokines in the pathogenesis of GDM is still not well known, and numerous adipokines have been analysed throughout pregnancy and proposed as biomarkers of GDM. This study aimed to evaluate serum adiponectin, chemerin, lipocalin and apelin levels in GDM and non-GDM women, to assess them as clinically useful biomarkers of the occurrence of GDM and to demonstrate the correlation between the levels of the above adipokines in the blood serum and the increased risk of the development of GDM. The role of these adipokines in the pathogenesis of GDM was also analysed. The statistically significant differences between the levels of adiponectin (7234.6 vs. 9837.5 ng/mL, p < 0.0001), chemerin (264.0 vs. 206.7 ng/mL, p < 0.0001) and lipocalin (39.5 vs. 19.4 ng/mL, p < 0.0001) were observed between pregnant women with GDM and healthy ones. The diagnostic usefulness of the tested adipokines in detecting GDM was also assessed. The research results confirm the hypothesis on the significance of adiponectin, chemerin, lipocalin and apelin in the pathophysiological mechanisms of GDM. We speculate that these adipokines could potentially be established as novel biomarkers for the prediction and early diagnosis of GDM.