bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
FAST as a predictor of clinical outcome in blunt abdominal trauma
Authors: Terry Benjamin M , Blehar David , Gaspari Romolo , Maydell Arthur Thomas , Bezuidenhout Fourie Abraham , Andronikou Savvas
Published: May 2014

Background. Peer-reviewed literature demonstrates increasing support for the use of focused abdominal sonography in trauma (FAST) in the setting of blunt trauma, one study demonstrating the sensitivity and specificity of FAST for the detection of free fluid to be 0.64 - 0.98 and 0.86 - 1.00, respectively, compared with abdominal CT. Utilising ultrasound in trauma triage increases efficiency and cost-effectiveness and reduces reliance on CT, compared with using CT alone. There is little evidence to support relying solely on a negative FAST and physical examination for patient management.

Method. A retrospective descriptive study of 172 adult patients who received FAST for the evaluation of blunt abdominal trauma between 22 July 2007 and 21 January 2008 at Tygerberg Hospital was performed. Ultrasound findings were correlated with CT scan findings, operative findings if managed surgically, clinical outcomes whether managed surgically or conservatively, as well as postmortem findings in deceased patients.

Results. FAST was negative in 147 (85.5%) patients. Twenty-four (16.3%) of these patients died from all-cause mortality, none of which was due to intra-abdominal injury.

Seven patients with negative FAST underwent CT scan owing to change in clinical course, and 3 patients with negative FAST underwent laparotomy owing to change in clinical course, with positive findings in 2 patients – a bowel injury requiring resection (not seen on CT) and a diaphragmatic rupture seen on CXR. A negative FAST was shown to be an excellent predictor for the absence of significant intra-abdominal trauma.

The mortality rate among 25 FAST positive patients was 24% (N=6). Only one of these patients (with a splenic rupture) was suspected to have died from abdominal pathology.
Uterine and tubal anatomical abnormalities in infertile women: diagnosis with routine hysterosalpingography prior to selective laparoscopy
Authors: Heis Mwaffaq , Amarin Zouhair , Ibrahim Alaa , Obeidat Nael , Obeidat Basil , AL-Omari MA'MOON
Published: May 2014

Objective: To assess the findings and usefulness of hysterosalpingography as a routine investigation in the fertility workup prior to selective laparoscopy.

Design: Descriptive retrospective study.

Setting: A university hospital in the north of Jordan.

Subjects: All hysterosalpingographies performed in the period between 1st January and 31 December 2008.

Outcome measures: Detection of uterine and fallopian tube abnormalities and their correlation with laparoscopic findings.

Results: During the study period, 281 infertile women underwent hysterosalpingography with no post procedural complications. The mean (SD) age was 31.5 (5.91) years. Mean (SD) duration of infertility was 4 (3.44) years. Infertility was reported as primary and secondary by 119 (42.3 %) and 162 (57.6 %), respectively. Altogether 281 patients and 562 tubes were examined. Of those, 402 were patent and 160 occluded. There was only one woman in whom peritubal adhesions were diagnosed. Because of hysterosalpingographically diagnosed tubal occlusion, 46 women (16.4 %) were referred for laparoscopy. Eight (17.3%) of them were treated with unilateral salpingectomy and 28 (60.8%) with bilateral salpingectomy. Salpingolysis was performed for 7 (15.2%) women, and 3 (6.7%) women had untreatable adhesions. The concordance was 71.7%. The sensitivity of HSG was 80%, the specificity 50%, the negative predictive value 61% and the positive predictive value 71%. Of the total of 281 women, 30 (10.7%) conceived within 1 - 11 months after the hysterosalpingography.

Conclusions: The very high abnormal predictive value of hysterosalpingography in the diagnosis of tubal occlusion suggests that this procedure could be performed as a screening examination.
Mystery of bilateral breast masses
Authors: Khan Nausheen , Ebrahim Zaeem Ismail , Van der Werke Irma
Published: May 2014

Leiomyosarcoma (LMS) is an uncommon malignant tumour of smooth muscle origin. It arises in the gastro intestinal tract, retroperitoneum, urinary bladder, uterus and soft tissue. Peritoneal leiomyosarcomatosis (PL) is defined as a peritoneal dissemination of a primary sarcoma. We present a case of leiomyosarcomatosis with wide spread dissemination including involvement of both breasts.
The dural tail sign
Authors: Mahomed Nasreen , Seedat Yusuf
Published: May 2014

The dural tail sign was first described by Wilms in 1989, as a post-contrast linear thickening of the meninges that resembles a tail extending from a mass on T1-weighted MR imaging. The sign consists of a tapering rim ranging from 0.5 to 3.0 cm in length with an inner surface that is either smooth or slightly nodular.
Radiological findings at a South African forensic pathology laboratory in cases of sudden unexpected death in infants
Authors: Fenton-Muir Naomi , Kewana Kgahlego , Ngema Yenziwe , Liebenberg Linda , Douglas Tania S.
Published: May 2014

Objectives

The work serves as a preliminary evaluation of the utility of the full-body radiography in examining cases of SUDI.

Setting

This paper reviews findings from full-body digital radiography in cases of sudden unexpected death in infants (SUDI) in 2008 at the Salt River Forensic Pathology Laboratory in Cape Town.

Subjects

Cases of SUDI referred to the mortuary and undergoing full-body digital radiography were reviewed (192 cases).

Design

Imaging reports were cross-referenced with death registry data. Manner of death, cause of death, whether an autopsy had taken place, and radiological findings, were recorded and analysed.

Results

The absence of bony fractures was recorded as an imaging finding in 40% of cases. The most common type of imaging pathology was lung disease. In cases where autopsies were performed and pathology was found on imaging, the findings of the two methods of examination were consistent.

Conclusions

Imaging may have served to assist CoD determination based on case history, and therefore full-body radiography may improve the workflow in busy forensic pathology laboratories.

More detailed and consistent recording of imaging findings is required before stronger conclusions may be drawn regarding the utility of full body digital imaging of paediatric cases in forensic pathology laboratories.
Spontaneous lateral sphenoid cerebrospinal fluid fistula: MRI diagnosis
Authors: Goodier Matthew , Lubbe Darlene , Andronikou Savvas , Truter Rene
Published: May 2014

Spontaneous or primary cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) fistula is a rare cause of CSF rhinorrhoea. Magnetic resonance imaging with high resolution highly T2-weighted images is valuable in preoperative localisation and characterisation of the defect particularly if a transnasal endoscopic approach is planned. This report describes the radiological evaluation and surgical management of a 53 year old male who presented with a spontaneous lateral sphenoid CSF fistula.
Imaging findings in an infant with congenital pulmonary venolobar syndrome (scimitar syndrome)
Authors: Westgarth-Taylor Tracy , Kilborn Tracy
Published: May 2014

Congenital venolobar syndrome (CVLS) is a rare complex malformation that includes hypoplasia of the lung, partial anomalous pulmonary venous drainage and in a quarter of patients, associated cardiac anomalies.

We present the chest radiograph and multidetector CT findings in a case of congenital venolobar syndrome in an infant.
Calcinosis cutis universalis - a rare manifestation of systemic lupus erthymatosus
Authors: Suleman Farhana Ebrahim , Ally Mahmood Moosa tar mahomed
Published: May 2014

Calcinosis cutis (or skin and subcutaneous calcification) is a feature of a variety of rheumatic conditions, most commonly dermatomyositis and scleroderma, but is rarely reported in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE ). When calcinosis cutis does occur in patients with SLE, it tends to be localized (circumscripta) rather than generalized (universalis). We report a case of a 21 year old female who presented to us with a 6 year history of SLE and the rare occurrence of calcinosis cutis universalis.
The copper-beaten skull
Authors: Mahomed Nasreen , Sewchuran Tanusha , Mahomed Zareena
Published: May 2014

Variations and abnormalities of skull appearance and shape are generally related to a primary maldevelopment of the brain. The copper-beaten skull appearance is typically associated with craniosynostosis, where premature fusion of the cranial bone sutures results in the growing brain exerting pressure on the malleable cranium, producing a pattern known as the copper-beaten skull appearance.
Mandibulofacial dysostosis
Authors: Els Hein , Scheepers Shaun
Published: May 2014

Two cases of mandibulofacial dystostosis are presented in order to describe the features associated with the condition. Computed tomography (CT) is frequently performed on these patients to aid in surgical planning. 3D volume rendering provides the opportunity to discuss the imaging features of this uncommon condition.
Paediatric vascular imaging: Diagnosis
Authors: Misser Shalendra Kumar
Published: May 2014

Paediatric vascular imaging: Diagnosis
CPD questionnaire
Authors: Matzdorff Robert
Published: May 2014

N/A
Experiences of using a single post-contrast CT scan of the chest after biphasic contrast injection
Authors: Pretorius Phillip Carl
Published: May 2014

Computed tomographic chest investigations can be enhanced; in many cases, the arterial phase of a post-contrast arterial and delay (60 seconds) study can be omitted when planning the contrast injection and scanning technique carefully. A biphasic contrast injection was used before starting a single 60-second post-contrast scan.
Usefulness of lateral radiographs for detecting tuberculous lymphadenopathy in children – confirmation using sagittal CT reconstruction with multiplanar cross-referencing
Authors: Andronikou Savvas , Van der Merwe Dirk Johannes , Goussard Pierre , Gie Robert P , Tomazos Nicolette
Published: May 2014

Background. Diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) in children remains difficult. Lateral chest radiographs are frequently used to facilitate diagnosis, but interpretation is variable. In this study, lateral chest radiographs (CXRs) are evaluated against sagittal CT reconstructions for the detection of mediastinal lymphadenopathy.

Aim. To correlate suspected lymphadenopathy on lateral CXR with sagittal CT reconstructions and determine which anatomical group of lymph nodes contributes to each lateral CXR location.

Methods and materials. Thirty TB-positive children’s lateral CXRs were retrospectively reviewed for presence of mediastinal lymphadenopathy in 3 pre-determined locations in relation to the carina: retrocarinal, subcarinal and precarinal. Findings of the CT sagittal reconstructions were then correlated with the CXRs for the presence of lymphadenopathy in the same 3 pre-determined areas across the width of the mediastinum. Axial and coronal CT crossreferencing confirmed the position of the lymphadenopathy.

Results. The most frequent locations for lymphadenopathy were the subcarinal (28) and right hilar (25). Sensitivity and specificity values of the CXRs were moderate, with the precarinal region having the best sensitivity and specificity for presence of lymphadenopathy. Contribution to each zonal group on lateral CXR were from multiple anatomical lymph node sites.

Conclusion. The precarinal zone on CXR had the best specificity and sensitivity, and represented mainly subcarinal and right hilar lymph node groups. Attention should be paid to this area on lateral CXRs for detecting lymphadenopathy in children with suspected PTB.
Functional MRI in pre-surgical planning: Case study and cautionary notes
Authors: Spottiswoode Bruce S , Du Plessis S , Gretschel Armin , Lotz Jan W
Published: May 2014

Background. Since its inception almost 20 years ago, functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) has greatly advanced our knowledge of human brain function. Although the clinical applications of fMRI are still limited, there have recently been encouraging advances for its use in pre-operative functional cortical mapping to identify potentially eloquent areas prior to neurosurgery.

Objectives. We explore the potential use of this emerging technique by presenting a neurosurgical case study, as performed at the Cape Universities Brain Imaging Centre (CUBIC), Tygerberg, Cape Town. We conclude with a brief summary of the potential pitfalls of this technique, as well as cautionary guidelines based on our experience.

Methods and results. A 22-year-old male patient from Tygerberg Hospital underwent the successful resection of an anaplastic astrocytoma after fMRI presurgical planning at our facility. The subject was able to leave the ward unassisted.

Conclusion. If consideration is given to the many limitations of this emerging technique, fMRI can be useful in aiding the neurosurgeon in pre-operative planning of his surgical approach.
Bamboo spine – X-ray findings of ankylosing spondylitis revisited
Authors: Reinders Antoinette , Van Wyk Matthys J
Published: May 2014

Ankylosing spondylitis is a debilitating disease that is one of the seronegative spondylarthropathies, affecting more males than females in the proportion of about 6:1 in the age group 15 - 35 years of age. Early radiographic findings include bilateral sacro-iliitis and early axial (lower lumbar spine) ankylosis. Typical X-ray findings are florid spondylitis (Romanus lesions), florid diskitis (Andersson lesions), early axial ankylosis, enthesitis, syndesmophytes and insufficiency fractures. Typical radiological abnormalities are pointed out on conventional X-rays and reviewed for early diagnosis and prompt treatment of patients at risk.
The sandwich sign
Authors: Mahomed Nasreen , Moodley Halvani
Published: May 2014

The sandwich sign refers to the sandwiching of mesenteric vessels and fat by enlarged mesenteric nodes on cross-sectional imaging, commonly occurring in lymphoma, but not specific to lymphoma. The sign is radiologically indistinguishable from post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorders. The radiological significance of the sandwich sign is in suggesting the diagnosis of lymphoma so that appropriate treatment may be initiated early as the tumour has a rapid growth pattern.
MRI diagnosis of Alexander disease
Authors: Muralidharan C G , Tomar R P S , Aggarwal R
Published: May 2014

Alexander disease (fibrinoid leucodystrophy; originally described by Alexander in 1949) is a rare, fatal, nonfamilial leucoencephalopathy caused by astrocyte dysfunction characterised by missense mutation in the genes coding for glial fibrillary acidic protein(GFAP). It typically presents with frontal preponderance of white matter abnormalities and macroencephaly. We report a case of leucoencephalopathy with macroencephaly that shows characteristic MRI features of Alexander disease.
A semi-automated method for measuring thickness and white matter integrity of the corpus callosum
Authors: Andronikou S , Spottiswoode B S , Tomazos N
Published: May 2014

Aim. Diseases affecting cerebral white matter may lead to left-right asymmetries and atrophy of interhemispheric connections, i.e. the corpus callosum (CC). Our aim was to describe and test a semi-automated system that divides the midline CC into a number of segments and determines thickness at each, then performs fibre tracking from these segments.

Methods. Six normal female volunteers (average age 25.8 ±6.7 years) and a female patient with diagnosed multiple sclerosis (age 26 years) were scanned on a 3T MRI. We performed diffusion-weighted imaging in 12 directions, and calculated diffusion tensors and fractional anisotropy (FA) maps from this pre-processed data. Fibre tracking from a region-of-interest encompassing the entire CC was done. This fibre data, together with FA maps and the unweighted diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) image (b = 0 s/mm2), were imported into a custom tool written in MATLAB. The midline sagittal position was carefully defined by selecting multiple midline points in coronal and axial views and rotating the image volume and fibre co-ordinates accordingly. Using the customised tool, dorsal and ventral CC contours were manually drawn on the mid-sagittal FA image, initiating automated calculation of a contour midway between these manually drawn lines. The programme was designed to then divide the midline contour into a pre-selected number of segments; from each segment border, perpendicular spokes were projected until they intersected with the dorsal and ventral contours. This technique divided the CC into a pre-set amount of segments, the number of which was limited by the spatial resolution. It was decided to set the number at 40 to ensure that each segment depicted a contiguous strip of voxels across the CC from the dorsal to the ventral contour. The system allows these segments to then be used as seeds for separate fibre tracking in each cerebral hemisphere, and various parameters are automatically plotted as a function of distance along the midline contour. The following parameters are measurable: midline CC thickness; midline FA; fibre volume for each hemisphere (represented as a left/right ratio centred on zero) and mean fibre FA for each hemisphere (also represented as a left/right ratio centred on zero).

Results. The tool proved successful in measuring and plotting CC midline thickness and FA, but was not sensitive for peripheral white matter lesions.

Conclusions. The technique successfully determined values of CC midline thickness, FA and interhemispheric differences. Future research will determine normal values for age and compare CC thickness with peripheral white matter volume loss in large groups of patients, using the semiautomated technique.
Congenital sialoblastoma of the accessory parotid gland
Authors: Parag Priyashini
Published: May 2014

Sialoblastomas are rare, locally aggressive, perinatal or congenital salivary gland tumours that mostly originate in the parotid gland. Significant variability in histological range and clinical course exists. This report is of a case of congenital sialoblastoma of the accessory parotid gland.
Is anomalous origin of the left vertebral artery indeed a rare finding?
Authors: Van der Merwe Braham , Ackermann Christelle , Scheepers Shaun , Moosa Sulaiman
Published: May 2014

We present a pictorial review of anomalous origin of the left vertebral artery observed in 5 patients imaged in our after-hours trauma radiology unit within a period of 7 days. We raise the question of whether the incidence of anomalous origin of the left vertebral artery quoted in the radiology literature as 5% is really that low, and suggest that the current increased frequency of cross-sectional imaging could elevate the observed incidence of this anomaly in practice. We discuss the implications of vertebral artery anomalies in the endovascular treatment of aortic arch injuries.
Agenesis of the dorsal mesentery presenting in an adolescent
Authors: Chacko Anith , Ismail Farzanah , Ellemdin Sirajudeen
Published: May 2014

Agenesis of the dorsal mesentery is a rare occurrence that usually presents in children. It is associated with proximal small bowel malrotation as well as high jejunal atresia with discontinuity of the small bowel. We present a case report of an adolescent presenting with clinical features of proximal small bowel obstruction (confirmed on imaging) as well as acute pancreatitis. At laparotomy, he was found to have no dorsal mesentery, without small bowel atresia, and the duodenum was fixed to the posterior abdominal wall. The patient recovered well and remained symptom-free.
Interpretation and value of MR CSF flow studies for paediatric neurosurgery
Authors: Mbonane Samukelisiwe Sithembile , Andronikou Savvas
Published: May 2014

Imaging techniques may be underutilised when clinicians are unaware of the technique or do not recognise its potential. Phase-contrast MR imaging (PC-MRI) is a rapid, simple and non-invasive technique that is sensitive to CSF flow. It demonstrates a mechanical coupling between cerebral blood and CSF flow throughout the cardiac cycle. Neurosurgeons should be able to request this procedure routinely as part of an MRI request. This paper gives an overview of the indications, technical requirements, technique and interpretation, using image examples. Indications for CSF flow studies include assessment and functionality of shunt treatment in patients with hydrocephalus; hydrocephalus associated with achondroplasia; Chiari I malformation; confirmation of aqueductal stenosis; and determining patency of a third ventriculostomy.
Substantive incidental cardiac findings revealed by non-cardiac CT examination of the thorax
Authors: Durand Miranda , Paul N. , Crean A.
Published: May 2014

Limitations inherent in CT imaging of the thorax left the heart as an ill-defined and largely ignored area. The advent of multi-detector CT scanning and shortened imaging times has allowed clear identification of cardiac structures and pathology. Motion-free cardiac images require synchronisation of image acquisition with the cardiac cycle (cardiac ‘gating’ or ‘triggering’). However, significant information can be obtained from careful scrutiny of ungated chest CT images, which may then direct further imaging or investigation. We review 5 cases demonstrating interesting cardiac findings identified on non-cardiac scans.
Radioactive News
Authors: News RSSA
Published: May 2014

No abstract available.
Scholarship and the research environment
Authors: Davis Razaan
Published: May 2014

No abstract available.
Urachal remnant carcinoma - a rare entity
Authors: Naidu Vanesha , Maharaj Narisha , Mitha Ayesha , Maharajh Jaynund , Singh Bhugwan
Published: May 2014

Primary malignancy of the urachal remnant is a rare neoplasm that accounts for less than 0.01% of all adult cancers, with an estimated annual incidence of 1:5 million. The tumour carries a grave prognosis that attests to its highly aggressive nature. Owing to its extra-peritoneal location, the tumour runs a relatively silent clinical course until late presentation, when most patients display extensive local invasion and metastatic spread. In this report, we highlight a case of primary malignancy of the urachus that on initial clinical evaluation masqueraded as a Sister Mary Joseph’s nodule. Characteristic imaging features, however, proved decisive in establishing the diagnosis of a urachal carcinoma.
Radioactive News
Authors: Matzdorff Robert
Published: May 2014

No abstract available.
Imaging of the paediatric paranasal sinuses
Authors: Ahmed Aadil
Published: May 2014

Sinus development is a dynamic process in children, and appropriate imaging is necessary to adequately demonstrate pathology in our vulnerable paediatric population. The paediatric paranasal sinuses are affected by a wide spectrum of conditions including congenital abnormalities and inflammatory, traumatic and neoplastic diseases. The purpose of this review is to illustrate the normal pattern of development and the complex anatomy of the sinuses, which should guide imaging protocols. Common anatomical variations and their clinical relevance are described. The paper also describes the various conditions affecting the paediatric paranasal sinuses, with emphasis on imaging features. The diagnostic algorithm for sinus disease continues to evolve along with advances in imaging modalities, and this review discusses suggested imaging guidelines for sinus imaging in children.
Molar tooth sign − looking beyond the obvious
Authors: Mahomed Nasreen , Prabhu Sanjay P.
Published: May 2014

The molar tooth sign was initially identified in Joubert syndrome, named after Marie Joubert who first described it in 1968 as a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterised by the neuroradiological hallmark of the molar tooth sign caused by cerebellar vermian hypoplasia. Subsequently, it emerged that the molar tooth sign encompasses many syndromes that are now grouped together and termed Joubert syndrome and related disorders (JSRDs). Knowledge of the newer classification system and the subtypes is important and helps to direct and interpret imaging studies based on clinical signs so as to avoid delay in diagnosis of the hepatic oculorenal and renal subtypes of JSRDs in patients in whom the molar tooth sign is identified on brain MRI.
Nasolabial cysts − a rare case
Authors: Bezuidenhout Abraham Fourie , Stofberg Niel Sascha
Published: May 2014

Nasolabial cysts are benign, slow-growing cysts occurring in the nasolabial folds below the alae nasi. We report on a rare case of bilateral nasolabial cysts, one of only 30 previously described cases.
Extramedullary haematopoiesis: An uncommon posterior mediastinal mass
Authors: Marchiori Edson , Barreto Miriam Menna , Hochhegger Bruno , Zanetti Gláucia
Published: May 2014

A 59-year-old man presented with anaemia and complaints of abdominal pain, weight loss, fatigue and dizziness. Computed tomography (CT) scans of the chest revealed bilateral paravertebral masses. The CT features were typical of extramedullary haematopoiesis (EMH). EMH should be strongly considered in a patient with bilateral, well-marginated, paravertebral thoracic masses and a history of chronic, severe anaemia.
Neonatal imaging diagnosis
Authors: Misser Shalendra Kumar , Mitha T.A. , Shaik A.S.
Published: May 2014

No abstract available.
International Day of Radiology; AOSPR Congress; 37th ESNR Annual Meeting; Planning for XXth Symposium Neuroradiologicum
Authors: Matzdorff Robert
Published: May 2014

No abstract available.
Practical guidelines in the application of response evaluation criteria for solid tumours (RECIST) in oncology imaging
Authors: Lockhat Zarina , Van de Werke Irma , Vn der Walt Betsie
Published: May 2014

No abstract available.
A short overview of MRI artefacts
Authors: Erasmus L.J. , Hurter D. , Naude M. , Kritzinger H.G. , Acho S.
Published: May 2014

Many different artefacts can occur during magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), some affecting the diagnostic quality, while others may be confused with pathology. An artefact is a feature appearing in an image that is not present in the original object. Artefacts can be classified as patient related, signal processing-dependent and hardware (machine)-related.This article presents an overview of MRI artefacts and possible rectifying methods.
Endovascular foreign objects retrieved by interventional radiologists at Universitas Hospital
Authors: Potgieter H.F. , Loggenberg E
Published: May 2014

During the past 4 years, 15 patients have undergone intravascular removal of foreign bodies — 9 central venous line fragments, 3 guidewires, 2 pacemaker leads and 1 misplaced embolisation coil. Ten foreign bodies (including 2 guidewires, 2 pacemaker leads and 6 central venous catheter fragments) were recovered from the big veins and right heart, 3 (central venous line fragments) from the pulmonary arterial system and 2 (an embolisation coil and a guidewire) from the arterial system. The percutaneous removal of foreign bodies is efficient with few complications. Surgery should only be considered for patients in whom removal attempts with endovascular interventional techniques have failed.
Neurofibromatosis type 1 - some cranial and spinal manifestations
Authors: Sher B.J. , Duncan Ian C.
Published: May 2014

No abstract available.
Diagnosis of chronic inflammatory bowel disease - a dilemma
Authors: Kisansa M.E.
Published: May 2014

No abstract available.
A case of dysphagia lusoria
Authors: Fynn E. , Makhayna N.Z. , Nthle L.M.
Published: May 2014

No abstract available.
New route to specialisation - unity at last?
Authors: Beningfield Steve
Published: May 2014

No abstract available.
Endovascular treatment of post-traumatic carotid-cavernous fistulae using latex detachable balloons
Authors: Szkup P. , Beningfield S.
Published: May 2014

Objective: To determine the efficiencyof latex detachable balloons inthe treatment of post-traumaticcarotid-cavernous fistulae (CCF).Methods: Management and outcomewere reviewed for 34 consecutivepatients with post-traumatic CCFpersonally treated by one of theauthors (PS) using latex detachableballoons during the 4-year period1996 - 2000.Results: Endovascular embolisationof 34 CCFs was attempted in 33patients. In 1 patient where the fistulawas a result of rupture of an intracavernousaneurysm, the fistulathrombosed spontaneously beforeembolisation was attempted. In the33 treated patients, the fistula wasoccluded in 30 cases (91%). Patencyof the internal carotid artery was preservedin 16 cases (53%).Conclusion: A high percentage(91%) of direct CCFs were successfullyoccluded with latex detachableballoons. There were no permanentneurological complications in any ofthe patients treated.
Indirect carotid-cavernous fistula - embolisation using the superior ophthalmic vein approach
Authors: Szkup P. , Kelly M. , Meguro K.
Published: May 2014

No abstract available.
Evolución de los paradigmas, metodologías y campos de la comunicación en Revista Latina de Comunicación Social durante la década 2004-2013
Authors: Bermejo-Berros Jesús
Published: May 2014

Tanto la producción científica en el ámbito de la comunicación en España como el entorno editorial científico han experimentado cambios importantes en los últimos años. Metodología: El objetivo de esta investigación es analizar mediante análisis de contenido y análisis bibliométrico la evolución de un conjunto de indicadores epistemológicos encontrados en 339 artículos publicados por la RLCS en el período 2004-2013. Los indicadores incluyen los paradigmas, métodos y técnicas de investigación utilizadas, el origen y filiación de los autores y los campos de la comunicación. Resultados y conclusiones: Los resultados muestran que ha habido un cambio considerable en los indicadores epistemológicos analizados y suscitan una reflexión sobre la investigación en comunicación en España y en el entorno cultural latinoamericano. Esa investigación avanza hacia la convergencia con los estándares internacionales en las revistas científicas de comunicación, en las que se evidencia una serie de fortalezas y debilidades en sus actuales fundamentos epistemológicos y metodológicos.
Validation of XCH4 derived from SWIR spectra of GOSAT TANSO-FTS with aircraft measurement data
Authors: Inoue M. , Morino I. , Uchino O. , Miyamoto Y. , Saeki T. , Yoshida Y. , Yokota T. , Sweeney C. , Tans P. P. , Biraud S. C. , Machida T. , Pittman J. V. , Kort E. A. , Tanaka T. , Kawakami S. , Sawa Y. , Tsuboi K. , Matsueda H.
Published: May 2014

Abstract. Column-averaged dry-air mole fractions of methane (XCH4), retrieved from Greenhouse gases Observing SATellite (GOSAT) Short-Wavelength InfraRed (SWIR) spectra, were validated by using aircraft measurement data from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), the US Department of Energy (DOE), the National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES), the HIAPER Pole-to-Pole Observations (HIPPO) program, and the GOSAT validation aircraft observation campaign over Japan. In the calculation of XCH4 from aircraft measurements (aircraft-based XCH4), other satellite data were used for the CH4 profiles above the tropopause. We proposed a data-screening scheme for aircraft-based XCH4 for reliable validation of GOSAT XCH4. Further, we examined the impact of GOSAT SWIR column averaging kernels (CAK) on the aircraft-based XCH4 calculation and found that the difference between aircraft-based XCH4 with and without the application of the GOSAT CAK was less than ±9 ppb at maximum, with an average difference of −0.5 ppb. We compared GOSAT XCH4 Ver. 02.00 data retrieved within ±2° or ±5° latitude/longitude boxes centered at each aircraft measurement site with aircraft-based XCH4 measured on a GOSAT overpass day. In general, GOSAT XCH4 was in good agreement with aircraft-based XCH4. However, over land, the GOSAT data showed a positive bias of 1.5 ppb (2.0 ppb) with a standard deviation of 14.9 ppb (16.0 ppb) within the ±2° (±5°) boxes, and over ocean, the average bias was 4.1 ppb (6.5 ppb) with a standard deviation of 9.4 ppb (8.8 ppb) within the ±2° (±5°) boxes. In addition, we obtained similar results when we used an aircraft-based XCH4 time series obtained by curve fitting with temporal interpolation for comparison with GOSAT data.
Late Holocene environmental reconstructions and the implications on flood events, typhoon patterns, and agriculture activities in NE Taiwan
Authors: Wang L.-C. , Behling H. , Lee T.-Q. , Li H.-C. , Huh C.-A. , Shiau L.-J. , Chang Y.-P.
Published: May 2014

Abstract. In this study, we reconstructed the paleoenvironmental changes from a sediment archive of the floodplain lake in Ilan Plain of NE Taiwan on multi-decadal resolution for the last ca. 1900 years. On the basis of pollen and diatom records, we evaluated the record of past vegetation, floods, typhoons and agriculture activities of this area, which is sensitive to the hydrological conditions of the West Pacific. High sedimentation rates with low microfossil preservations reflected multiple flood events and humid climatic conditions during 100–1400 AD. A shortly interrupted dry phase can be found during 940–1010 AD. The driest phase corresponds to the Little Ice Age phase 1 (LIA1, 1400–1620 AD) with less disturbance by flood events, which enhanced the occurrence of wetlands (Cyperaceae) and diatom depositions. Humid phases with frequent typhoons are inferred by high percentages of Lagerstroemia and high ratios of planktonic/benthic diatoms, respectively, during 500–700 AD and Little Ice Age phase 2 (LIA2, 1630–1850 AD). The occurrences of cultivated Poaceae (Oryza) during 1250–1300 AD and the last ~400 years, reflect agriculture activities, which seems to implicate strongly with the environmental stability. Finally, we found flood events which dominated during the El Niño-like stage, but dry events as well as frequent typhoon events happened during the La Niña-like stage. After comparing our results with the reconstructed proxy for tropical hydrological conditions, we suggested that the local hydrology in coastal East Asia were strongly affected by the typhoon-triggered heavy rainfalls which were influenced by the variation of global temperature, expansion of the Pacific warm pool and intensification of ENSO events.
An ensemble study of HyMeX IOP6 and IOP7a: sensitivity to physical and initial and boundary condition uncertainties
Authors: Hally A. , Richard E. , Ducrocq V.
Published: May 2014

Abstract. The first Special Observation Period of the HyMeX campaign took place in the Mediterranean between September and November 2012 with the aim of better understanding the mechanisms which lead to heavy precipitation events (HPEs) in the region during the autumn months. Two such events, referred to as Intensive Observation Period 6 (IOP6) and Intensive Observation Period 7a (IOP7a), occurred respectively on 24 and 26 September over south-eastern France. IOP6 was characterised by moderate to weak low-level flow which led to heavy and concentrated convective rainfall over the plains near the coast, while IOP7a had strong low-level flow and consisted of a convective line over the mountainous regions further north and a band of stratiform rainfall further east. Firstly, an ensemble was constructed for each IOP using analyses from the AROME, AROME-WMED, ARPEGE and ECMWF operational models as initial (IC) and boundary (BC) conditions for the research model Meso-NH at a resolution of 2.5 km. A high level of model skill was seen for IOP7a, with a lower level of agreement with the observations for IOP6. Using the most accurate member of this ensemble as a CTRL simulation, three further ensembles were constructed in order to study uncertainties related to cloud physics and surface turbulence parameterisations. Perturbations were introduced by perturbing the time tendencies of the warm and cold microphysical and turbulence processes. An ensemble where all three sources of uncertainty were perturbed gave the greatest degree of dispersion in the surface rainfall for both IOPs. Comparing the level of dispersion to that of the ICBC ensemble demonstrated that when model skill is low (high) and low-level flow is weak to moderate (strong), the level of dispersion of the ICBC and physical perturbation ensembles is (is not) comparable. The level of sensitivity to these perturbations is thus concluded to be case dependent.
A validation of an operational wave and surge prediction system for the Dutch Coast
Authors: Sembiring L. , van Ormondt M. , van Dongeren A. , Roelvink D.
Published: May 2014

Abstract. Knowledge of the actual condition of hydrodynamics in the nearshore and coastal area is essential for coastal monitoring activities. To this end, a coastal operational model system can serve as a tool in providing recent and up-to-date state of the hydrodynamics along the coast. In this paper we apply CoSMoS (Coastal Storm Modeling System), a generic operational model system applied here to predict storm impact on dunes along the Dutch Coast. The CoSMoS application is not limited to storm impact prediction on the Dutch coast, but can also be applied to other coastal hazards such as rip currents and coastal flooding, in other environments. In this paper, we present the set-up of the CoSMoS system and validation of the wave and surge model within it using deep water wave buoy data and tidal gauge measurements as ground truth validation material. The evaluation is presented as monthly error measures between computed parameters and observed ones. Hindcast results over the whole year of 2009 show that the simulated wave parameters and surge elevation from the CoSMoS are in good agreement with data, with average root mean square error over the year of 0.14 m for the surge elevation and 0.24 m for the significant wave height. It is noted that there is a tendency of the wave model to underestimate the height of northerly waves with lower frequencies (swell). Additionally, when a wave separation algorithm is applied on the overall spectrum, results show consistent underestimation of the swell component by the model, which for the Dutch Coast, will mainly come from the North where the North Sea is open to the Atlantic Ocean. In the proposed model system, the swell boundary can have a significant effect on the simulated wave results, suggesting room for improvement for the swell boundary conditions on the North and the swell propagation within the Dutch Continental Shelf Model. Finally we show that in forecast mode, CoSMoS can provide reasonably good wave and surge prediction.
An optimised method for correcting quenched fluorescence yield
Authors: Biermann L. , Guinet C. , Bester M. , Brierley A. , Boehme L.
Published: May 2014

Abstract. Under high light intensity, phytoplankton protect their photosystems from bleaching through non-photochemical quenching processes. The consequence of this is suppression of fluorescence emission, which must be corrected when measuring in situ yield with fluorometers. Previously, this has been done using the limit of the mixed layer, assuming that phytoplankton are uniformly mixed from the surface to this depth. However, the assumption of homogeneity is not robust in oceanic regimes that support deep chlorophyll maxima. To account for these features, we correct from the limit of the euphotic zone, defined as the depth at which light is at ~1% of the surface value. This method was applied to fluorescence data collected by eleven animal-borne fluorometers deployed in the Southern Ocean over four austral summers. Six tags returned data showing evidence of deep chlorophyll features. Using the depth of the euphotic layer, quenching was corrected without masking subsurface fluorescence signals.
Book Review: Researching Student Learning in Higher Education: A Social Realist Approach
Authors: Casebeer Daniel
Published: May 2014

This is a review of Researching Student Learning in Higher Education: A Social Realist Approach by Jennifer M. Case (Routledge, 2013).
How to Read English Research Articles: A Case Study of Graduate Students Majoring in Information Systems
Authors: Krismiyati -
Published: May 2014

Reading research articles in English will be a special challenge for those students who speak English as a foreign language (EFL). EFL graduate students will require a specific method for helping them to cope with the articles they have to read. This study tries to offer a method for helping them to read, understand, and analyze English articles easier. This study employs evaluation and trialing. It is accompanied by pre and post surveys that will give information about the condition of the students before and after the method is implemented. This study involved graduate students majoring in Information Systems at Satya Wacana Christian University. It is expected that the method proposed will help the students to know exactly what they need to read and focus on when they read a research article so that they can use their time more efficiently and effectively.
Optical Quality Comparison between Spherical and Aspheric Toric Intraocular Lenses
Authors: Pérez-Vives Cari , Ferrer-Blasco Teresa , García-Lázaro Santiago , Albarrán-Diego César , Montés-Micó Robert
Published: May 2014

Purpose

To measure and compare the optical quality of spherical and aspheric toric intraocular lenses (IOLs).

Methods

Wavefront aberrations of AcrySof Toric and IQ Toric IOLs (Alcon Laboratories) for different powers were measured at 3- and 5-mm pupils by Nimo TR0805 instrument. The Zernike coefficients of trefoil, coma, tetrafoil, secondary astigmatism, and spherical aberration were evaluated. The point spread functions (PSFs) of each IOL evaluated were calculated from the wavefront aberrations. The PSF images also were calculated from the IOL wavefront aberrations, adding the cornea's aberrations to simulate the optical quality after their implantation.

Results

Spherical toric IOLs showed positive and aspheric toric IOLs negative spherical aberrations. Statistically significant differences were found in spherical aberration root mean square (RMS) values between spherical and aspheric IOLs for both pupil sizes (p<0.05). Aspheric toric IOLs showed higher spherical aberration RMS values. We found differences in PSF images between both IOL designs at 5-mm pupil. The PSFs corresponding to the aspheric toric IOLs showed more spread out than the PSFs corresponding to the spherical toric IOLs. However, when corneal aberrations were added, aspheric toric IOLs showed better optical quality than spherical toric IOLs.

Conclusions

At 3-mm pupil, the optical quality between the IOL designs was similar, but at 5-mm pupil the optical quality was higher for spherical IOLs than aspheric IOLs. However, when theoretical corneal aberrations were added, aspheric toric IOLs showed better optical quality than spherical toric IOLs, due to the compensation between aspheric toric IOL negative spherical aberration and corneal positive spherical aberration.
Intravitreal Bevacizumab Combined with Grid Photocoagulation in Recurrent Macular Edema Secondary to Retinal Vein Occlusion
Authors: Farese Elvira , Cennamo Gilda , Velotti Nunzio , Traversi Claudio , Rinaldi Michele , De Crecchio Giuseppe
Published: May 2014

Purpose

To evaluate improvement in best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and the reduction of central retinal thickness (CRT) in patients with macular edema secondary to retinal vein occlusion (RVO) after intravitreal bevacizumab (IVB) injection combined with macular grid photocoagulation.

Methods

A retrospective study of 54 consecutive eyes with macular edema associated with RVO. The BCVA and CRT, recorded with spectral-domain optical coherence tomography, were evaluated at baseline and 1, 3, 6, and 12 months after treatment onset. Intravitreal bevacizumab injection was administered at baseline, and macular grid photocoagulation 15 days later. During follow-up, additional IVB, at 1-month intervals, was administered if persistent or recurrent macular edema was observed on optical coherence tomography.

Results

Best-corrected visual acuity was improved and CRT was reduced at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months of follow-up. Compared with initial values, the final CRT was significantly reduced in patients with branch RVO (35 patients) and in patients with central RVO (19 patients) (p<0.05). Also, BCVA was significantly improved in both groups of patients (p<0.05).

Conclusions

Intravitreal bevacizumab injection combined with macular grid photocoagulation reduces recurrent macular edema associated with branch RVO and central RVO.
Acute Suppurative Bacterial Dacryoadenitis: A Rare Case Report
Authors: Chandravanshi Shivcharan L. , Mishra Vinay
Published: May 2014

Purpose

To describe a case of lacrimal gland abscess.

Methods

Case report.

Results

An 11-year-old boy with respiratory tract infection presented acutely with an enlarging, painful mass in the superotemporal fornix in his left eye. Clinical evaluation and computerized tomography scan of the orbit revealed a lacrimal gland abscess. Conjunctival swab and sputum grew Klebsiella pneumoniae. The child was treated with intravenous amikacin.

Conclusions

Lacrimal gland abscess is a rare clinical entity. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of Klebsiella pneumoniae-associated dacryoadenitis complicated by lacrimal gland abscess formation in a pediatric patient.
Safety and Efficacy of Combined Immunosuppression and Orbital Radiotherapy in Thyroid-Related Restrictive Myopathy: Two-Center Experience
Authors: Chalvatzis Nikolaos T. , Tzamalis Argyrios K. , Kalantzis Georgios K. , El-Hindy Nabil , Dimitrakos Stavros A. , Potts Michael J.
Published: May 2014

Purpose

To evaluate the safety and efficacy of oral steroids when combined with long-term oral azathioprine (AZA) and orbital radiotherapy in patients with active thyroid-related restrictive myopathy.

Methods

A total of 88 patients from adnexal outpatient clinics of Bristol Eye Hospital, UK, and 2nd Department of Ophthalmology at Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece, were enrolled in a retrospective, twin-center study. All patients were diagnosed with active thyroid eye disease and concomitant restrictive myopathy. Treatment included oral AZA, low-dose steroids, and orbital radiotherapy (20 Gy). Clinical activity scores as well as orthoptic assessments were consistently evaluated. Clinical activity scores, improved levels of diplopia, and single muscle excursions were considered major criteria for treatment success.

Results

Clinical success was achieved in 54 (61.4%), 57 (64.8%), and 61 (69.3%) patients at 3-, 6-, and 12-month time points, respectively, after the initiation of the combined treatment. At 18 months following initiation of treatment, the percentage of treatment success reached 73.9% (n = 65). Nine patients developed AZA-related side effects. In 4 patients the drug had to be discontinued.

Conclusions

Combined immunosuppression with orbital radiotherapy appears to reduce morbidity in patients with marked restrictive myopathy by improving major motility parameters such as diplopia and duction amplitude.