bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
One size fits all? Gender as an issue in obesity
Authors: Ciblis A. , Dooley B. , Eldin N.
Published: January 2012

This study investigated differences in the psychopathology of severely obese men and women in primary care in the North East of Ireland in comparison to clinical and community norms. One hundred thirty‐eight participants (31.2% male and 68.8% female) were measured on eating disorders, depression, anxiety, self‐concept and quality of life using standard self‐report instruments. On the Eating Disorder Inventory, male and female scores on body dissatisfaction and female scores on bulimia were elevated to a degree that they did not differ significantly from clinical norms (P < 0.05). Female scores on the personal and social domains of self‐concept fell significantly below community norms, whereas male scores on the same domains matched community levels. Significantly, more women than men scored in the severe range for depression and anxiety. Most female scores on the Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire corresponded to clinical levels. Male participants reported higher quality of life overall. The findings suggest that gender differences should be considered regarding interventions, and that gender‐specific treatment approaches might improve treatment outcomes. Moreover, screening for depression and anxiety ought to be part of obesity care for women.
Report on Microgravity Experiments of Marangoni Convection Aboard International Space Station
Authors: Kawamura Hiroshi , Nishino Koichi , Matsumoto Satoshi , Ueno Ichiro
Published: January 2012

This paper reports some important results obtained from a series of microgravity experiments on the Marangoni convection that takes place in liquid bridges. This project, called Marangoni Experiment in Space (MEIS), started from August 22, 2008 as the first science experiment on the Japanese Experimental Module “KIBO” at the ISS. Two series of experiments, MEIS-1 and 2, were conducted in 2008 and 2009, respectively. The experimental methods used are explained in some detail. The maximum size of the liquid bridge that could be realized during these experiments was 30 mm in diameter and 60 mm in length, giving an aspect ratio of 2.0. The results are obtained for a wide range of aspect ratios of the liquid bridges, including the values that cannot be reached in 1 g experiments, and therefore, they provide indispensable amount of data for the study of instability mechanisms of the Marangoni convection.
Transmission Welding of Glass by Femtosecond Laser: Mechanism and Fracture Strength
Authors: Kongsuwan Panjawat , Satoh Gen , Yao Y. Lawrence
Published: January 2012

Femtosecond laser pulses were focused on the interface of two glass specimens. Proper use of optical and laser processing parameters enables transmission welding. The morphology of the weld cross section was studied using differential interference contrast optical microscopy. In addition, a numerical model was developed to predict the absorption volumes of femtosecond laser pulses inside a transparent material. The model takes into account the temporal and spatial characteristics and propagation properties of the laser beam, and the transmission welding widths were subsequently compared with the absorption widths predicted by the model. The model can lead to the achievement of a desirable weld shape through understanding the effects of laser pulse energy and numerical aperture on the shape of the absorption volume. The changes in mechanical properties of the weld seams were studied through spatially resolved nanoindentation, and indentation fracture analysis was used to investigate the strength of the weld seams.
Flake Orientation in Injection Molding of Pigmented Thermoplastics
Authors: Min Park Jang , Jae Jeong Seok , Jin Park Seong
Published: January 2012

In the present work, experimental studies are carried out to understand orientation kinematics of pigment flakes during the injection molding process. The injection molding experiments are carried out using ABS resin compounded with aluminum flakes. Thin specimens are sliced off from the injection molded sample, and then the orientation distribution is observed using transmitted microscopy. Generally, the microscopic result shows a sandwich structure where the orientation state near the mid-plane differs significantly from that around the surface. Particularly at the weldline region, locally different orientation is observed near the part surface, which is the result of fountain flow at the melt front. Also the effect of mold temperature on the flake orientation is presented.
Surface Elasticity Effects Can Apparently Be Explained Via Their
Nonconservativeness
Authors: Challamel Noël , Elishakoff Isaac
Published: January 2012

Recently, considerable attention has been given to investigating the surface effects on nanoscale materials. These effects can be predominant for small-scale structures, such as nanobeams, nanoplates, and nanoshells. In this paper, surface elasticity effects are considered for small scale beam structures based on the Laplace–Young equation, which results in an equivalent distributed loading term in the beam equation. We show that these effects are explained by their nonconservative nature that can be essentially modeled as a follower tensile loading for inextensible beams. The buckling and vibrations of small scale beams in the presence of surface elasticity effects is studied for various boundary conditions. It is shown that the surface elasticity effects may significantly affect the buckling and vibrations behavior of small scale beams. For clamped-free boundary conditions, we show that the buckling load is reduced compared to the one without this surface effect. This result is consistent with some recent numerical results based on surface Cauchy–Born model and with experimental results available in the literature. It appears that this result cannot be obtained if surface elasticity effects are modeled as a conservative-type loading. For other boundary conditions such as hinge–hinge and clamped–clamped boundary conditions, the results are identical to the ones already published. We explain in this paper the surprising results observed in the literature that surface elasticity effects may soften a nanostructure for some specific boundary conditions (due to the nonconservative nature of its loading application). The same conclusions are obtained for the vibrations of small scale beams with surface elasticity effects, where the natural frequency tends to decrease with surface elasticity effects for clamped-free conditions.
Tribological behavior of Ti-Al-Si-C-N hard coatings deposited by hybrid arc-enhanced magnetron sputtering
Authors: Wu Guizhi , Ma Shengli , Xu Kewei , Chu Paul K
Published: January 2012

Ti-Al-Si-C-N hard coatings are deposited on high speed steel by hybrid arc-enhanced magnetron sputtering, and the hardness, adhesion, and tribological behavior are studied. On account of the nanocomposite structure, the coatings possess hardness of more than 30 GPa. Failure of the coating during the scratch test is due to the buckling and wedge spallation failure mechanism. Compared to Ti-Al-Si-N, the presence of C in the Ti-Al-Si-C-N coatings leads to reduced friction coefficient and wear rate, indicating effective lubrication rendered by amorphous C. According to the wear tracks examined by scanning electron microscopy, the wear mechanism can be explained by plowing abrasion.
Fabrication and physical properties of thin TixOy membranes from single crystal TiO2
Authors: Abazari Maryam , Sim Jai S. , Viswanath B. , Ramanathan Shriram
Published: January 2012

Utilizing focused ion beam (FIB) milling, we have fabricated thin membranes (also referred to as nanowalls) of TixOy of 100–300 nm thickness starting from rutile titania bulk single crystals. Low probe currents (∼80 pA) in conjunction with XeF2-assisted milling enables minimal contamination during the fabrication process. Transmission electron microscopy studies indicated polycrystallinity and presence of nano-twins in the FIB-milled nanowalls. Formation of such nanoscale twinned structures may be related to high degree of nonstoichiometry, i.e., reduction as a result of milling in TiO2 that is consistent with observations in other oxides in the literature. Compositional analysis in the transmission electron microscope also showed reduced content of oxygen, confirming nonstoichiometry after milling. The authors have studied the temperature dependence of the electrical conductivity behavior in such ultra-thin walls in the temperature range of 300 K < T <520 K as a first effort. Temperature dependence of the electrical resistivity of the nanowall showed semiconducting behavior with an activation energy different from that corresponding to TiO2 single crystal and was attributed to formation of reduced TixOy phases after FIB processing. The results suggest a pathway to fabricate oxide structures for probing mesoscopic conduction phenomena.
Alcohol Consumption Induces Endogenous Opioid Release in the Human Orbitofrontal Cortex and Nucleus Accumbens
Authors: Mitchell Jennifer M. , O’Neil James P. , Janabi Mustafa , Marks Shawn M. , Jagust William J. , Fields Howard L.
Published: January 2012

Endogenous opioids are released in reward-related brain areas after an alcoholic drink to a greater extent in heavy drinkers than in control subjects.
Application of Novel PCR-Based Methods for Detection, Quantitation, and Phylogenetic Characterization of
Sutterella
Species in Intestinal Biopsy Samples from Children with Autism and Gastrointestinal Disturbances
Authors: Williams Brent L. , Hornig Mady , Parekh Tanmay , Lipkin W. Ian
Published: January 2012

Gastrointestinal disturbances are commonly reported in children with autism and may be associated with compositional changes in intestinal bacteria. In a previous report, we surveyed intestinal microbiota in ileal and cecal biopsy samples from children with autism and gastrointestinal dysfunction (AUT-GI) and children with only gastrointestinal dysfunction (Control-GI). Our results demonstrated the presence of members of the family
Alcaligenaceae
in some AUT-GI children, while no Control-GI children had
Alcaligenaceae
sequences. Here we demonstrate that increased levels of
Alcaligenaceae
in intestinal biopsy samples from AUT-GI children result from the presence of high levels of members of the genus
Sutterella
. We also report the first
Sutterella
-specific PCR assays for detecting, quantitating, and genotyping
Sutterella
species in biological and environmental samples.
Sutterella
16S rRNA gene sequences were found in 12 of 23 AUT-GI children but in none of 9 Control-GI children. Phylogenetic analysis revealed a predominance of either
Sutterella wadsworthensis
or
Sutterella stercoricanis
in 11 of the individual
Sutterella
-positive AUT-GI patients; in one AUT-GI patient,
Sutterella
sequences were obtained that could not be given a species-level classification based on the 16S rRNA gene sequences of known
Sutterella
isolates. Western immunoblots revealed plasma IgG or IgM antibody reactivity to
Sutterella wadsworthensis
antigens in 11 AUT-GI patients, 8 of whom were also PCR positive, indicating the presence of an immune response to
Sutterella
in some children.

IMPORTANCE
Autism spectrum disorders affect ~1% of the population. Many children with autism have gastrointestinal (GI) disturbances that can complicate clinical management and contribute to behavioral problems. Understanding the molecular and microbial underpinnings of these GI issues is of paramount importance for elucidating pathogenesis, rendering diagnosis, and administering informed treatment. Here we describe an association between high levels of intestinal, mucoepithelial-associated
Sutterella
species and GI disturbances in children with autism. These findings elevate this little-recognized bacterium to the forefront by demonstrating that
Sutterella
is a major component of the microbiota in over half of children with autism and gastrointestinal dysfunction (AUT-GI) and is absent in children with only gastrointestinal dysfunction (Control-GI) evaluated in this study. Furthermore, these findings bring into question the role
Sutterella
plays in the human microbiota in health and disease. With the
Sutterella
-specific molecular assays described here, some of these questions can begin to be addressed.
The Novel Sigma Factor-Like Regulator RpoQ Controls Luminescence, Chitinase Activity, and Motility in Vibrio fischeri
Authors: Cao Xiaodan , Studer Sarah V. , Wassarman Karen , Zhang Yuanxing , Ruby Edward G. , Miyashiro Tim
Published: January 2012

Vibrio fischeri
, the bacterial symbiont of the Hawaiian bobtail squid,
Euprymna scolopes
, uses quorum sensing to control genes involved in bioluminescence, host colonization, and other biological processes. Previous work has shown that AinS/R-directed quorum sensing also regulates the expression of
rpoQ
(
VF_A1015
), a gene annotated as an RpoS-like sigma factor. In this study, we demonstrate using phylogenetics that RpoQ is related to, but distinct from, the stationary-phase sigma factor RpoS. Overexpression of
rpoQ
results in elevated chitinase activity but decreased motility and luminescence, three activities associated with symbiosis. The reduction in bacterial luminescence associated with the overexpression of
rpoQ
occurs both in culture and within the light-emitting organ of the squid host. This suppression of bioluminescence is due to the repression of the
luxICDABEG
promoter. Our results highlight RpoQ as a novel regulatory component, embedded in the quorum-signaling network that controls several biological processes in
V. fischeri
.

IMPORTANCE
Quorum signaling is a widely occurring phenomenon that functions in diverse bacterial taxa. It is most often found associated with species that interact with animal or plant hosts, either as mutualists or pathogens, and controls the expression of genes critical to tissue colonization. We present the discovery of
rpoQ
, which encodes a new regulatory component in the quorum-signaling pathway of
Vibrio fischeri
. RpoQ is a novel protein in the RpoS family of stationary-phase sigma factors. Unlike many other regulatory proteins involved in the quorum-signaling pathways of the
Vibrionaceae
, the distribution of RpoQ appears to be restricted to only two closely related species. The role of this regulator is to enhance some quorum-signaling outputs (motility) while suppressing others (luminescence). We propose that RpoQ may be a recently evolved or acquired component in
V. fischeri
that provides this organism with an additional level of regulation to modulate its existing quorum-signaling pathway.
Management of tail pull injuries in cats
Authors: Davies Emma , Walmsley Gemma
Published: January 2012

Feline tail pull injury is a challenging condition that is commonly encountered in first‐opinion practice. This article discusses the key factors in the diagnosis, prognosis and management of tail pull injuries, including the use of radiography to confirm sacrocaudal luxation, and the identification and appropriate treatment of associated urinary and faecal dysfunction. It also highlights the importance of good owner communication, as currently the best prognostic indicators at the time of presentation for the return of continence (the conscious perception of noxious stimuli applied to the perineum or tail base) are not infallible and recovery can take weeks.
Anaesthesia and analgesia in chinchillas
Authors: Saunders Richard , Harvey Louise
Published: January 2012

Chinchillas are becoming increasingly popular as pets, and so are being presented more often for veterinary care. The most common indications for anaesthesia of chinchillas include the diagnosis and treatment of dental disease, neutering, caesarean section, fracture repair and the collection of diagnostic samples. For successful anaesthesia of chinchillas, an understanding of their particular anatomy and physiology, and a sound knowledge of anaesthesia, is important. This article discusses the perianaesthetic and anaesthetic management of these animals.
Colonization of geranium foliage by Clonostachys rosea f. catenulata, a biological control agent of botrytis grey mould
Authors: Chatterton S. , Punja Z.K.
Published: January 2012

The ecological requirements for the colonization of geranium leaves by the biocontrol agent Clonostachys rosea f. catenulata strain J1446 were investigated. Although this biocontrol agent is a soil-inhabiting fungus, treatment of geranium foliage with the agent can reduce grey mould caused by Botrytis cinerea in the greenhouse. To characterize the extent of foliar colonization, a GUS-transformed isolate of C. rosea f. catenulata was applied to foliage of two geranium cultivars, Pelargonium × hortorum and Pelargonium × domesticum . Population levels of C. rosea f. catenulata were found to be highest on senescent leaves and stems, followed by fully expanded leaves, and lowest on newly emerged leaves of both cultivars. Optimum temperature for leaf and petiole colonization was 20–25 °C for both cultivars. The biocontrol agent required at least 12 h of continuous leaf wetness to achieve maximum population densities on the leaves and stems of both cultivars. On whole plants, colonization was significantly higher on wounded leaves, stems, and senescing leaves compared with that on nonwounded leaves, stems, and mature leaves, respectively. GUS staining indicated that the fungus preferentially colonized the wound sites of leaves and the cut portions of stems. Results indicate that this biocontrol agent can successfully colonize the foliage of geraniums, thus demonstrating the endophytic ability of C. rosea f. catenulata in both root and foliar tissues.
Biotic interactions experienced by a new invader: effects of its close relatives at the community scale
Authors: Hill Steven B. , Kotanen Peter M.
Published: January 2012

The success of nonindigenous species may be influenced by biotic interactions during the initial stages of invasion. Here, we investigated whether a potential invader, Solidago virgaurea L., would experience more damage by natural enemies in communities dominated by close relatives than those without them; interactions with mutualistic mycorrhizae might partially counteract these effects. We monitored damage experienced by S. virgaurea planted into communities with native congeners and without close relatives. Community type was crossed with a vegetation removal treatment to assess the combined effects of herbivory and competition on survival. We also evaluated growth of S. virgaurea in a greenhouse experiment where seedlings were exposed to soil biota sampled from these communities and compared with sterile controls. Overall, community type did not affect levels of herbivory or plant survival. Removal of surrounding vegetation resulted in reduced damage and increased survival; these effects were largest in grass-dominated communities. Soil sterilization reduced root growth and tended to reduce shoot growth, especially when compared with plants inoculated with biota collected near congeners. Overall, our results suggest that the presence of close relatives is unlikely to make old-field communities more resistant to invasion by S. virgaurea; instead, soil biota might facilitate growth in communities dominated by close relatives.
Evidence of sex change inIlex integra
Authors: Takagi Etsuro , Togashi Katsumi
Published: January 2012

Sex change has been recognised in some plants. The sex change in dioecious woody plants includes a monoecious state, which means that the timing of the change is synchronous in branches or shoots but not synchronous among plants, such as in partial dioecious woody plants. To determine whether such a phenomenon is common in woody plants, we investigated the sex expression in two populations of the bird-dispersed, dioecious woody plant Ilex integra Thunb. (Aquifoliaceae), one of the climax forest species in East Asia, over 3 years. No monoecious trees or hermaphrodite flowers were observed. Sex changes were observed at low frequencies, i.e., both female to male and male to female. This study suggests that I. integra may be a complete dioecious woody plant species and that the sex change occurs at the individual level, indicating that the timing of sex change is synchronous in an individual tree.
THE CURL OF ELEMENTARY CELLULAR AUTOMATA
Authors: DEL REY A. MARTIN , SANCHEZ G. RODRIGUEZ
Published: January 2012

In this work, the notion of curl of elementary cellular automata is introduced as the discrete and extended version of the curl of three-dimensional vector field.
CONNECTING SYMMETRIC AND ASYMMETRIC FAMILIES OF PERIODIC ORBITS IN SQUARED SYMMETRIC HAMILTONIANS
Authors: BLESA FERNANDO , PIASECKI SŁAWOMIR , DENA ÁNGELES , BARRIO ROBERTO
Published: January 2012

In this work, we study a generic squared symmetric Hamiltonian of two degrees of freedom. Our aim is to show a global methodology to analyze the evolution of the families of periodic orbits and their bifurcations. To achieve it, we use several numerical techniques such as a systematic grid search algorithm in sequential and parallel, a fast chaos indicator and a tool for the continuation of periodic orbits. Using them, we are able to study the special and generic bifurcations of multiplicity one that allow us to understand the dynamics of the system and we show in detail the evolution of some symmetric breaking periodic orbits.
RESPONSE MODES AND COORDINATION IN A TRAFFIC CONTEXT, AN EXPERIMENTAL COMPARISON OF CHINESE AND GERMAN PARTICIPANTS
Authors: CHMURA THORSTEN
Published: January 2012

This paper reports results of laboratory experiments about traffic behavior of participants with different cultural backgrounds. We conducted the minority game as an elementary traffic scenario in which human participants of a German and Chinese subject pool had to choose over 100 periods between a road A and a road B. In each period, the road which was chosen by the minority of players won, these participants got a payoff. The payoff in the majority group was 0. An important observation is that the number of road changes of a participant is negatively correlated with her cumulative payoff. The Chinese participants reacted differently to the payoffs of preceding periods than the German participants.
THE RELATIVE EFFICIENCY OF MARITIME FIRMS: EVIDENCE FROM CONTAINER LINES
Authors: PANAYIDES PHOTIS M. , LAMBERTIDES NEOPHYTOS
Published: January 2012

It has been stated that the meaning of higher efficiency is equivalent to being more competitive and profitable for enterprise operations. Using insights from fundamental analysis, the purpose of this study is to investigate the relative operational performance and market efficiency of liner shipping firms. The paper applies Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) to calculate an efficient frontier that corresponds to the optimal relationship between financial data and market value. Stocks at the frontier are optimally priced in the market. Stocks falling behind the frontier are valued less favorably. The models developed incorporate inputs and outputs related to operating performance and market efficiency consistent with the prior financial accounting literature. Our sample consists of 18 major (leading) international liner shipping firms that have been found to exhibit average market efficiency and a high degree of operational performance.
AN ESTIMATION OF EFFICIENT TIME-VARYING TOLLS FOR CROSS HARBOR TUNNELS IN HONG KONG
Authors: HAU TIMOTHY D. , LOO BECKY P. Y. , WONG K. I. , WONG S. C.
Published: January 2012

This work estimates the distribution of a time-varying toll over a 24-hour period that minimizes the combined queue length of the three tunnels that traverse Hong Kong's Victoria Harbour, taking into account institutional constraints. Our results reveal that switching from a flat toll to a time-varying toll scheme would eliminate all existing tunnel queues. We argue that optimal tunnel tolling, coupled with the nonstop electronic toll collection mechanism already in place, could be the first step toward the implementation of electronic road pricing in Hong Kong. Optimal tolling would obviate the need to build a fourth harbor crossing in the near future.
EFFECTS OF TEMPERATURE ON THE STABILITY OF PROTONEUTRON STARS WITH HYPERONS
Authors: YU ZI , DING WENBO , LIU NINGNING , LUO QING
Published: January 2012

In the framework of the relativistic mean field theory, the stability of thermal protoneutron stars is investigated. There is a highest possible temperature for a stable protoneutron star. A stable protoneutron star may be a metastable one if its mass is too large. As the temperature increases, the metastable mass range of protoneutron stars narrows. With the increase of temperature, the probability that a stable protoneutron star is a metastable one increases. A really stable protoneutron star with higher temperature can contain more species of hyperons. The case of SN 1987A is analyzed connected with the results in this article.
SCALE-FREE NETWORKS CAN BE LINEAR-WORLD
Authors: ZHU LING-ZAN , YIN BEI-BEI , ZHAO LEI , CAI KAI-YUAN
Published: January 2012

It was generally believed that scale-free networks would be small-world. In this paper, two models, named Model A and Model B, are proposed to show that certain scale-free networks can be linear-world instead of small-world. By linear-world, it means that the average path length L of the network grows linearly with the total number of nodes N, i.e., L~N. Model A generates a deterministic scale-free network with high assortativity and numerical simulations demonstrate that the network is linear-world when it satisfies degree exponent λ>1. Model B constructs a partially deterministic scale-free network, which is connected by identical small scale-free networks following certain rules. Analytical arguments and numerical simulations both yield L~N which suggests that it is also linear-world. It is further discussed in this paper that the network generated by Model Bcould be either correlated or uncorrelated. This suggests that, inconsistent with the results in related works, uncorrelated scale-free networks can also be linear-world.
DECOMPOSITION AND STRAIGHTENING OUT OF THE DISCRETE KAUP–NEWELL FLOWS
Authors: GENG XIANGUO , SU TING
Published: January 2012

A coupled 2+1-dimensional discrete Chen–Lee–Liu equation is proposed, which together with two 1+1-dimensional discrete Kaup–Newell equations is decomposed into solvable ordinary differential equations with the help of the resulting Lax matrix and its finite-order expansion. Based on the theory of the algebraic curve, the Abel–Jacobi coordinates are introduced to straighten out the corresponding continuous flow and discrete flow, by which explicit solutions for the coupled 2+1-dimensional discrete Chen–Lee–Liu equation and the 1+1-dimensional discrete Kaup–Newell equations are obtained in the Abel–Jacobi coordinates.
EFFECT OF ASYMMETRY IN A BISTABLE SYSTEM WITH QUANTUM FLUCTUATIONS: STRONG FRICTION LIMIT
Authors: ZENG CHUNHUA , GONG AILING , LUO YUHUI
Published: January 2012

In this paper, we study the effect of asymmetry of the potential in a bistable system with quantum fluctuations. Within the quantum Smoluchowski regime, the expressions for the mean first passage time (MFPT) and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the system are obtained, respectively. Based on the MFPT and SNR, we consider both, the overdamped quantum case and its classical counterpart, the effects of the quantum fluctuations and the asymmetry of the potential on the MFPT and SNR are discussed. Our main results show that (i) the quantum fluctuations facilitate the particle to reach the destination from its original position, (ii) the resonant activation (RA) phenomena can be observed with varying asymmetry of the potential, and (iii) the quantum effects in an asymmetric bistable system about SNR are prominent for lower temperatures and smaller asymmetry of the potential. Moreover, the quantum effects enhance the stochastic resonance (SR) of the system.
AMPLIFICATION OF CURRENT SPIN POLARIZATION IN FERROMAGNETIC/ORGANIC SYSTEM WITH SPIN-RELATED INTERFACIAL RESISTANCES
Authors: XIU MINGXIA , REN JUNFENG , WANG CHUANKUI , YUAN XIAOBO , HU GUICHAO
Published: January 2012

Current spin polarization in ferromagnetic/organic system is theoretically studied based on the spin diffusion theory and Ohm's law, and the effects of the spin-related interfacial resistances on the spin-polarized injection are discussed. It is shown that the current spin polarization can be higher than the spin polarization of the ferromagnetic contact and may reach 100% at the interface by modulating the spin-related interfacial resistances. The proposed amplification scheme provides an efficient way to generate a highly spin-polarized current in organic materials because of the easy fabrication of ordered spin-related tunnel barriers at contact structures.
NEW ITERATIVE METHODS FOR SOLVING INTEGRAL EQUATIONS
Authors: NOOR MUHAMMAD ASLAM , NOOR KHALIDA INAYAT , AL-SAID EISA
Published: January 2012

In this paper, we use the decomposition technique of Noor and Noor [M. A. Noor and K. I. Noor, Three-step iterative methods for nonlinear equations, preprint (2006)] to suggest and analyze a new iterative methods for solving the integral equations. Our method of developing this new method is very simple as compared with other methods. Several numerical examples are given to illustrate the efficiency and performance of the new method. Results reveal that the proposed method is very effective and simple. Our method can be considered as an improvement of the existing methods.
FORMATION OF CARBON NANOTUBES IN IRON-CATALYZED LIQUID ARCING METHOD: EFFECT OF IRON-ION CHARGE IN THE AQUEOUS MEDIUM
Authors: SHERVIN SH. , GHEYTANI S. , SIMCHI A.
Published: January 2012

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were synthesized via arc discharge in aqueous solutions containing ferrous and ferric irons to reveal the effect of iron-charge mole ratio, R = [ Fe 2+]/[ Fe 3+], on the purity of CNTs and the process yield. Raman spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy were used to analyze the cathodic deposits. It is shown that the nucleation of multi-walled CNTs is catalyzed by ferric irons while their growth is affected by ferrous ions. Well-graphitized CNTs with a high-yield are obtained at R = 1 and total iron concentration of 0.05 M. The effect of iron charge is described based on the two-stage formation mechanism.
TRIGONOMETRIC APPROXIMATION BY MATRIX TRANSFORMS IN Lp(x)SPACES
Authors: GUVEN ALI
Published: January 2012

The Lipschitz classes Lip (α, p(x)), 0 < α ≤ 1 are defined for the Lebesgue spaces Lp(x)with variable exponent p(x), and the degree of approximation by matrix transforms of f ∈ Lip (α, p(x)) is estimated by n-α.
ABSTRACT AND CLASSICAL HODGE–DE RHAM THEORY
Authors: SMALE NAT , SMALE STEVE
Published: January 2012

In previous work, with Bartholdi and Schick [1], the authors developed a Hodge–de Rham theory for compact metric spaces, which defined a cohomology of the space at a scale α. Here, in the case of Riemannian manifolds at a small scale, we construct explicit chain maps between the de Rham complex of differential forms and the L2 complex at scale α, which induce isomorphisms on cohomology. We also give estimates that show that on smooth functions, the Laplacian of [1], when appropriately scaled, is a good approximation of the classical Laplacian.
Design Patterns as Tools to Support Social Creativity and Knowledge Management in Collaborative Design Processes
Authors: Iacob Claudia
Published: January 2012

This paper addresses the problem of knowledge creation, integration and dissemination in communities of software designers. The solution identified is represented by design patterns, tools to support social creativity providing a way of capturing and sharing knowledge related to design problems arising in creative collaborative design processes. Inter-related design problems are documented by inter-related design patterns, which form pattern languages. The paper describes design patterns and pattern languages and illustrates the ways in which they support social creativity and knowledge creation, integration and dissemination in communities of software designers.
The Importance of CAD and Knowledge Management in Concurrent Engineering Project Performance
Authors: Ng Poh Kiat , Goh Gerald Guan Gan , Eze Uchenna Cyril
Published: January 2012

As a complex method for manufacturing and development, concurrent engineering has been studied and implemented extensively in the manufacturing industry to speed up production schedules and to reduce costs. One of the tools used in concurrent engineering is computer-aided design or CAD in short. CAD applications in multifunctional knowledge distribution refer to the use of CAD to provide information to different groups of employees in their organisation to sustain new product development activities. Similarly, the move towards knowledge-based competition amplifies the importance of bridging actions in addition to tactical coalitions where key role of institutional knowledge, system improvement and knowledge sharing are focussed on. However, very few studies have been conducted on the use of CAD and knowledge management in influencing concurrent engineering project performance in Malaysian manufacturing firms. Hence, this study focusses on determining the nature of the relationship between CAD use and knowledge management with concurrent engineering project performance in a Malaysian manufacturing firm. A survey was conducted within the firm, yielding a total of 226 usable responses that were then analysed using SPSS. The findings indicate that there is a significant positive relationship between CAD use and knowledge management and concurrent engineering project performance. In addition, CAD use for cross-functional information sharing together with the three knowledge management processes — internalisation, combination and externalisation can explain 55.3% of the variance in concurrent engineering project performance. An interesting finding of this study based on the multiple regression analysis conducted is that the use of CAD for engineering design and socialisation are not significant in influencing concurrent engineering project performance. In practice, this finding is relevant because when coupled with CAD use, knowledge management approaches that are more externalisation, combination and internalisation-orientated are often practiced if compared to socialisation-orientated activities.
The Risk of Information Management Without Knowledge Management: A Case Study
Authors: Dogan Huseyin , Henshaw Michael J. de C. , Ragsdell Gillian
Published: January 2012

This paper appraises the criticism that "Knowledge Management (KM) is little more than re-packaged Information Management (IM)" through analysis of the relationships and inconsistencies between IM and KM. This is supported by a case study of the loss of an UK Royal Air Force aircraft known as 'Nimrod' as reported in the Haddon-Cave Independent Review.

The first part discusses the research methodology adopted and analyses the literature including the theoretical characteristics and practical aspects of IM and KM. This is supported by logical models and relationship tables for comparison. The second part develops an analytical framework by applying evaluation criteria, based on principles for Through Life Management of information, to a case study to address the statement that "information is inadequate without knowledge."

The logical models and case study insertions uncovered important conclusions: (1) KM is frequently confused with IM and reliance on IM only can sometimes result in a disaster; (2) it is imperative to understand the distinctions between IM and KM as "management of knowledge" is concerned with socio-technical, hence human, aspects to a greater extent than IM; (3) IM should be considered as a prerequisite to engaging KM; and (4) KM should be perceived as the creation and management of knowledge as a human centred attribute that involves a learning and transformation process.

This paper systematically applies the derived logical models and analysis framework to a case study to better understand and illustrate the implications of Through Life Management of information and knowledge.
JOINT SUB-CLASSIFIERS ONE CLASS CLASSIFICATION MODEL FOR AVIAN INFLUENZA OUTBREAK DETECTION
Authors: ZHANG JIE , LU JIE , ZHANG GUANGQUAN
Published: January 2012

H5N1 avian influenza outbreak detection is a significant issue for early warning of epidemics. This paper proposes domain knowledge-based joint one class classification model for avian influenza outbreak. Instead of focusing on manipulations of the one class classification model, we delve into the one class avian influenza dataset, divide it into sub-classes by domain knowledge, train the sub-class classifiers and unify the result of each classifier. The proposed joint method solves the one class classification and features selection problems together. The experiment results demonstrate that the proposed joint model definitely outperforms the normal one class classification model on the animal avian influenza dataset.
SOLVING CONSTRAINED OPTIMIZATION PROBLEMS USING PROBABILITY COLLECTIVES AND A PENALTY FUNCTION APPROACH
Authors: KULKARNI ANAND J. , TAI K.
Published: January 2012

The best option to deal with a complex system that is too cumbersome to be treated in a centralized way is to decompose it into a number of sub-systems and optimize them in a distributed and decentralized way to reach the desired system objective. These sub-systems can be viewed as a multi-agent system (MAS) with self-learning agents. Furthermore, another challenge is to handle the constraints involved in real world optimization problems. This paper demonstrates the theory of probability collectives (PC) in the collective intelligence (COIN) framework, supplemented with a penalty function approach for constraint handling. The method of deterministic annealing in statistical physics, game theory and Nash equilibrium are at the core of the PC optimization methodology. Three benchmark problems have been solved with the optimum results obtained at reasonable computational cost. The evident strengths and weaknesses are also discussed to determine the future direction of research.
MULTI-CLUSTER SUPPORT VECTOR MACHINE CLASSIFIER FOR THE CLASSIFICATION OF SUSPICIOUS AREAS IN DIGITAL MAMMOGRAMS
Authors: MC LEOD PETER , VERMA BRIJESH
Published: January 2012

This paper presents a novel technique for the classification of suspicious areas in digital mammograms. The proposed technique is based on clustering of input data into numerous clusters and amalgamating them with a Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifier. The technique is called multi-cluster support vector machine (MCSVM) and is designed to provide a fast converging technique with good generalization abilities leading to an improved classification as a benign or malignant class. The proposed MCSVM technique has been evaluated on data from the Digital Database of Screening Mammography (DDSM) benchmark database. The experimental results showed that the proposed MCSVM classifier achieves better results than standard SVM. A paired t-test and Anova analysis showed that the results are statistically significant.
INFLUENCE OF AGGREGATE COATING ON RELAXATIONS IN THE SYSTEMS OF IRON OXIDE NANOPARTICLES
Authors: BITTOVA BARBARA , VEJPRAVOVA JANA POLTIEROVA , DEL MORALES MARIA PUERTO , ROCA ALEJANDRO GOMEZ , NIZNANSKY DANIEL , MANTLIKOVA ALICE
Published: January 2012

We have investigated properties of systems of strongly interacting magnetic nanoparticles in order to estimate the influence of the inter-aggregate interactions on the collective phenomena. We have compared two systems composed of γ-Fe2O3 nanoparticles, prepared by thermal decomposition of an organic precursor and coprecipitation, respectively; with those prepared by coprecipitation, containing the particle aggregates coated by SiO2 layer of different thickness. Detailed magnetic studies of all samples such as the temperature dependence of magnetization and frequency-dependent a.c. susceptibility, recorded also in external magnetic field, revealed the blocking temperature close to 300 K and super-spin glass (SSG) or SSG-like nature of the systems. The slight minimization of the interaction strength in the system with increasing thickness of the SiO2 coating has been observed.
Dehydroepiandrosterone reduces preadipocyte proliferation via androgen receptor
Authors: Fujioka Kei , Kajita Kazuo , Wu Zhiliang , Hanamoto Takayuki , Ikeda Takahide , Mori Ichiro , Okada Hideyuki , Yamauchi Masahiro , Uno Yoshihiro , Morita Hiroyuki , Nagano Isao , Takahashi Yuzo , Ishizuka Tatsuo
Published: January 2012

Several studies have suggested that both testosterone and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) have weight-reducing and antidiabetic effects, especially in rodent studies; however, the precise mechanism of their action remains unclear. Here, we investigated the effect of DHEA on cell growth in adipose tissue. The appearance of senescence-associated β-galactosidase in stromal vascular fraction (SVF) isolated from Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima fatty rats, an animal model of inherent obese type 2 diabetes, was prevented by DHEA administration. Next, the effects of DHEA and testosterone were compared in vivo and in vitro to evaluate whether these hormones influence cell growth in adipose tissue. Both DHEA and testosterone reduced body weight and epididymal fat weight equivalently when administered for 4 wk. To assess the effect of DHEA and testosterone on cell growth in adipose tissue, 5-bromo-2′-deoxyuridine (BrdU) uptake by SVF was measured. Quantification analysis of BrdU uptake by examining DNA isolated from each SVF revealed that treatment with DHEA and testosterone reduced cell replication. These results indicated that DHEA- and testosterone-induced decreased adiposity was associated with reduced SVF growth. Incubation with DHEA and testosterone equally decreased BrdU uptake by 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. Pretreatment with the androgen receptor (AR) inhibitor flutamide, but not the estrogen receptor inhibitor fulvestrant, abolished these effects. Knockdown of AR with siRNA also inhibited DHEA-induced decreases in BrdU uptake. These results suggest that DHEA-induced growth suppression of preadipocytes is mediated via AR. Therefore, both DHEA and testosterone similarly decrease adipocyte growth possibly via a common mechanism.
SUMO downregulates GLP-1-stimulated cAMP generation and insulin secretion
Authors: Rajan Sindhu , Torres Jacqueline , Thompson Michael S. , Philipson Louis H.
Published: January 2012

Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1)-based incretin therapy is becoming central to the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Activation of incretin hormone receptors results in rapid elevation of cAMP followed by enhanced insulin secretion. However, the incretin effect may be significantly impaired in diabetes. The objective of this study is to investigate downregulation of GLP-1 signaling by small ubiquitin-related modifier protein (SUMO). Mouse islets exposed to high glucose showed increased expression of endogenous SUMO transcripts and its conjugating enzyme Ubc-9. Overexpression of SUMO-1 in mouse insulinoma 6 (MIN6) cells and primary mouse β-cells resulted in reduced static and real-time estimates of intracellular cAMP upon receptor stimulation with exendin-4, a GLP-1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonist. GLP1-R was covalently modified by SUMO. Overexpression of SUMO-1 attenuated cell surface trafficking of GLP-1R, which resulted in significantly reduced insulin secretion when stimulated by exendin-4. Partial knock down of SUMO-conjugating enzyme Ubc-9 resulted in enhanced exendin-4-stimulated insulin secretion in mouse islets exposed to high glucose. Thus, SUMO modification of the GLP-1R could be a contributing factor to reduced incretin responsiveness. Elucidating mechanisms of GLP-1R regulation by sumoylation will help improve our understanding of incretin biology and of GLP-1-based treatment of type 2 diabetes.
Dynamic phosphometabolomic profiling of human tissues and transgenic models by18O-assisted31P NMR and mass spectrometry
Authors: Nemutlu Emirhan , Zhang Song , Gupta Anu , Juranic Nenad O. , Macura Slobodan I. , Terzic Andre , Jahangir Arshad , Dzeja Petras
Published: January 2012

Next-generation screening of disease-related metabolomic phenotypes requires monitoring of both metabolite levels and turnover rates. Stable isotope18O-assisted31P nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and mass spectrometry uniquely allows simultaneous measurement of phosphometabolite levels and turnover rates in tissue and blood samples. The18O labeling procedure is based on the incorporation of one18O into Pifrom [18O]H2O with each act of ATP hydrolysis and the distribution of18O-labeled phosphoryls among phosphate-carrying molecules. This enables simultaneous recording of ATP synthesis and utilization, phosphotransfer fluxes through adenylate kinase, creatine kinase, and glycolytic pathways, as well as mitochondrial substrate shuttle, urea and Krebs cycle activity, glycogen turnover, and intracellular energetic communication. Application of expanded18O-labeling procedures has revealed significant differences in the dynamics of G-6-P[18O] (glycolysis), G-3-P[18O] (substrate shuttle), and G-1-P[18O] (glycogenolysis) between human and rat atrial myocardium. In human atria, the turnover of G-3-P[18O], which defects are associated with the sudden death syndrome, was significantly higher indicating a greater importance of substrate shuttling to mitochondria. Phosphometabolomic profiling of transgenic hearts deficient in adenylate kinase (AK1−/−), which altered levels and mutations are associated to human diseases, revealed a stress-induced shift in metabolomic profile with increased CrP[18O] and decreased G-1-P[18O] metabolic dynamics. The metabolomic profile of creatine kinase M-CK/ScCKmit−/−-deficient hearts is characterized by a higher G-6-[18O]P turnover rate, G-6-P levels, glycolytic capacity, γ/β-phosphoryl of GTP[18O] turnover, as well as β-[18O]ATP and β-[18O]ADP turnover, indicating altered glycolytic, guanine nucleotide, and adenylate kinase metabolic flux. Thus,18O-assisted gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and31P NMR provide a suitable platform for dynamic phosphometabolomic profiling of the cellular energetic system enabling prediction and diagnosis of metabolic diseases states.
Intraoperative Diagnosis of Stanford Type A Dissection by Transesophageal Echocardiogram in a Patient Presenting for Renal Transplantation
Authors: Hand William R. , Ikonomidis John S. , Bratton Charles F. , Burch Thomas M. , McEvoy Matthew D.
Published: January 2012

A 48-year-old patient with hypertensive end-stage renal disease presented for cadaveric renal transplantation. On physical exam, a previously undocumented diastolic murmur was heard loudest at the left lower sternal border. The patient had a history of pericardial effusions and reported “a feeling of chest fullness” when lying flat. As such, a transesophageal echocardiogram (TEE) was performed after induction of anesthesia to evaluate the pericardial space and possibly determine the etiology and severity of the new murmur. The TEE revealed a Stanford Type A aortic dissection. The renal transplant was cancelled (organ reassigned within region), and the patient underwent an urgent ascending and proximal hemiarch aortic replacement. This case demonstrates the importance of a thorough physical exam and highlights the utility of TEE for noncardiac surgical cases.
Familial Recurrence of Cerebral Palsy with Multiple Risk Factors
Authors: Richer Lawrence P. , Dower Nancy A. , Leonard Norma , Chan Alicia K. J. , Robertson Charlene M. T.
Published: January 2012

The recurrence of cerebral palsy in the same family is uncommon. We, however, report on two families with two or more affected siblings. In both families, numerous potential risk factors were identified including environmental, obstetric, and possible maternal effects. We hypothesize that multiple risk factors may lead to the increased risk of recurrence of cerebral palsy in families. Intrinsic and maternal risk factors should be investigated in all cases of cerebral palsy to properly counsel families on the risk of recurrence. Recent studies of genetic polymorphisms associated with cerebral palsy are considered with reference to our observations in these two families.