bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Composição florística da comunidade infestante em gramados de Paspalum notatum no município de Assis, SP
Authors: Maciel C.D.G. , Poletine J.P. , Aquino C.J.R. , Ferreira D.M. , Maio R.M.D.
Published: April 2008

Os gramados de Paspalum notatum são os mais disseminados no Brasil, constituindo diferentes locais e propósitos. A infestação por plantas daninhas acarreta perda de qualidade estética quando a finalidade do gramado é ornamental. Com o objetivo de caracterizar a comunidade infestante em gramados de P. notatum no município de Assis/SP, foi realizado entre os meses de junho e julho de 2004 um levantamento florístico em áreas ensolaradas e sombreadas, sob copas de árvores. Cem amostras de 0,50 x 0,50 m foram coletadas nas duas condições de luminosidade (50 em áreas ensolaradas e 50 em áreas sombreadas), a partir das quais foram calculados os parâmetros freqüência, densidade, abundância, freqüência relativa, densidade relativa, abundância relativa e índice de valor de importância. Ao todo, foram identificadas 45 espécies de plantas daninhas, distribuídas em 15 famílias; Asteraceae apresentou o maior número de espécies nas condições ensolaradas e sombreadas. As espécies mais importantes nas áreas ensolaradas foram: Oxalis latifolia > Desmodium incanum > Cyperus flavus > Cyperus diffusus > Cyperus brevifolius; e nas áreas sombreadas: C. brevifolius > Alternanthera tenella > D. incanum > Elephantopus mollis > C. flavus. Para 80,0% das amostragens, a massa seca total da parte aérea das espécies de plantas daninhas não sofreu influência das condições ensolarada ou sombreada, constituindo uma produção máxima de aproximadamente 150 kg ha-1 para ambas as condições.
Percepción sobre estilos e inconsistencia parentales en adolescentes argentinos
Authors: Casullo María Martina , Liporace Mercedes Fernandez
Published: April 2008

Se presentan avances parciales de un estudio descriptivo realizado con 214 adolescentes escolarizados de 15 y 16 años, residentes en la Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina, evaluados mediante una escala autoadministrable sobre Percepción de Control y Estilos e Inconsistencia Parentales, basada en la Controlling and inconsistent parenting scale. Se verificó un grado considerable y significativo de consistencia en los niveles de Control/castigo/aceptación/perdón impartidos (r=.655**), así como en la consistencia o estabilidad temporal de tales comportamientos (r=.785**).entre los miembros de la pareja parental. Se halló, también, que el Control/castigo impartido por los padres varones resulta significativamente más elevado cuando los padres viven juntos, en tanto que cuando existe una separación o divorcio, es significativamente más bajo. El nivel educativo de ambos adultos introduce diferencias en el grado de consistencia o estabilidad temporal de las reacciones independientes, de cada uno, ante comportamientos indeseados de los hijos, y estas diferencias se dan en el mismo sentido para ambos padres: el grupo con educación primaria incompleta y completa exhibe una inconsistencia significativamente mayor que el que ha alcanzado niveles educativos medios y terciarios o universitarios. También la consistencia resulta significativamente mayor, en cada progenitor, para los casos en que el estatus económico autopercibido por el adolescente es alto.
Mulheres, soropositividade e escolhas reprodutivas
Authors: Sant'Anna Ana Carolina Cunha , Seidl Eliane Maria Fleury , Galinkin Ana Lúcia
Published: April 2008

O crescimento da epidemia do vírus da imunodeficiência humana entre as mulheres vem atualizando questões referentes à sexualidade e à reprodução. Este estudo investigou a percepção de mulheres portadoras do vírus da imunodeficiência humana positivo quanto às escolhas reprodutivas no contexto da soropositividade. Optou-se pela metodologia qualitativa, com a utilização de um grupo focal com mulheres soropositivas residentes no Distrito Federal. Na análise dos resultados, observou-se que as participantes estavam bem informadas sobre o processo de prevenção da transmissão vertical. A condição sorológica teve impacto na vida sexual e reprodutiva, evidenciado no adiamento ou extinção dos planos de ter filhos. A reação das pessoas em geral, bem como do profissional de saúde, diante do desejo de ter filhos por parte da mulher soropositiva foi apontada como desfavorável. Os achados do estudo, de caráter exploratório e preliminar, apontam para a relevância da realização de pesquisas na área, a fim de que os direitos reprodutivos das mulheres soropositivas sejam compreendidos, favorecendo sua valorização e respeito.
Tecnologia do cuidado ao paciente renal crônico: enfoque educativo-terapêutico a partir das necessidades dos sujeitos
Authors: Queiroz Maria Veraci Oliveira , Dantas Maria Catarina de Queiroz , Ramos Islane Costa , Jorge Maria Salete Bessa
Published: April 2008

A carência, nos serviços de hemodiálise, de um enfoque educativo-terapêutico, construído com a participação dos sujeitos, despertou o desenvolvimento da pesquisa cujos objetivos foram: identificar situações de aprendizagens que sirvam de base para a prática de educação em saúde; descrever etapas de um instrumento didático facilitador para educação em saúde com base nas necessidades suscitadas por pacientes com doença renal crônica. Estudo qualitativo efetuado em setembro de 2006, utilizando a técnica de grupo focal com seis sujeitos que faziam hemodiálise. Os dados colhidos foram submetidos à análise de conteúdo. Os participantes revelaram a necessidade de aprofundamento em temas específicos, como a questão social e a sexualidade. Os instrumentos educativos destacados foram a cartilha e o álbum seriado ilustrados com figuras. A escuta dos sujeitos permitiu-lhes mostrar suas necessidades de aprendizagem e apontar instrumentos e estratégias a serem utilizados na proposta de educação em saúde.
Avaliação dos instrumentos do projeto "nossas crianças: janelas de oportunidades", segundo agentes comunitários de saúde
Authors: Martins Juliana , Veríssimo Maria De La Ó Ramallo , Oliveira Maria Agnes
Published: April 2008

A cartilha e o manual "Toda hora é hora de cuidar" constituem tecnologias do Projeto "Nossas Crianças: janelas de oportunidades" direcionadas à promoção do desenvolvimento infantil. Esta pesquisa avaliativa, realizada em 2005/2006 com agentes comunitários de saúde, teve como objetivos: avaliar a aceitação e o uso da cartilha e do manual; identificar opiniões quanto ao conteúdo, formato e linguagem e; dificuldades e facilidades na implantação. A coleta de dados foi realizada em 17 Unidades Básicas de Saúde do município de São Paulo, através de grupos focais com 29 agentes comunitários e aplicação de questionários estruturados a 125 agentes. A análise temática de conteúdo evidenciou que eles consideram os materiais adequados e de boa qualidade, mas destacam dificuldades próprias das famílias e do processo de trabalho como barreiras a seu uso. Priorizam estratégias educativas verticais e tradicionais e o processo de capacitação influência de modo positivo a avaliação dos materiais.
Farmacoeconomia: análise de uma perspectiva inovadora na prática clínica da enfermeira
Authors: Tonon Lenita Maria , Tomo Tathiana Thiemi , Secoli Silvia Regina
Published: April 2008

O objetivo desse artigo é abordar conceitos e métodos de avaliação farmacoeconômica, analisar e discutir as limitações e perspectivas do uso da farmacoeconomia. Trata-se de um estudo analítico e reflexivo cujo objeto é a aplicabilidade da farmacoeconomia no âmbito da enfermagem. No contexto atual, esta disciplina vem se tornando instrumento essencial, viabilizando tomada de decisões fundamentadas em desfechos e custos. Todavia, o seu uso exige conhecimento atualizado acerca da terminologia e da metodologia das análises, no intuito de assegurar a aplicação e a interpretação correta dos resultados. O grande desafio das enfermeiras é aplicar os instrumentos da farmacoeconomia às questões cotidianas da prática clínica e superar as dificuldades metodológicas relativas à identificação, cálculo e comparação dos custos e desfechos.
A influência da consciência fonológica em crianças alfabetizadas pelos métodos fônico e silábico
Authors: Medeiros Tatiana Gonçalves de , Oliveira Elka Renata Costa
Published: April 2008

OBJETIVO: comparar o nível de consciência fonológica em classes alfabetizadas pelos métodos fônico e silábico, investigando a influência do método de alfabetização no desenvolvimento da consciência fonológica. MÉTODOS: participaram deste estudo 12 crianças com idade média de 7 anos, estudantes de duas escolas particulares do Distrito Federal, em que 6 destas crianças foram alfabetizadas pelo método fônico e 6 pelo método silábico, conforme a escola. Estas crianças foram submetidas à aplicação do teste "Perfil de Habilidades Fonológicas". RESULTADOS: o desempenho entre os alunos das duas escolas no total geral do teste e na maioria das provas foi semelhante. Nas provas de adição de fonemas, subtração de sílabas e subtração de fonemas, as crianças alfabetizadas pelo método fônico apresentaram resultados superiores. Na prova de segmentação frasal, os participantes do sexo feminino apresentaram melhores resultados em ambas as escolas. CONCLUSÃO: na população estudada, os participantes das duas escolas obtiveram resultados semelhantes na pontuação geral do teste de consciência fonológica.
Processamento auditivo de militares expostos a ruído ocupacional
Authors: Santos Carla Cassandra de Souza , Juchem Luiza de Salles , Rossi Angela Garcia
Published: April 2008

OBJETIVO: avaliar o processamento auditivo de militares expostos a ruído ocupacional. MÉTODOS: foram avaliados 41 militares, com exposição a ruído superior a 10 anos, subdivididos em Grupo A (n =16), sem perda auditiva e Grupo B (n = 25), com perda auditiva. Foram realizadas avaliação audiológica básica e testes de processamento auditivo (testes de Fala Filtrada, SSW em Português e de Padrão de Freqüência). RESULTADOS: observou-se altas incidências de alteração de processamento auditivo, especialmente no teste de Fala Filtrada (43,75% e 68% nos grupos A e B, respectivamente) e teste de Padrão de Freqüência (68,75% e 48%, nos grupos A e B, respectivamente). O teste SSW não se mostrou eficiente para avaliar as habilidades auditivas centrais de indivíduos expostos a elevados níveis de pressão sonora. CONCLUSÃO: a exposição a ruído ocupacional interfere no processamento auditivo de militares. As alterações na via auditiva central podem ser verificadas independente da presença de alteração auditiva periférica.
Demographics and complaints of university students who sought help at a campus mental health service between 1987 and 2004
Authors: Oliveira Maria Lilian Coelho de , Dantas Clarissa de Rosalmeida , Azevedo Renata Cruz Soares de , Banzato Cláudio Eduardo Muller
Published: April 2008

CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: Client characterization is an important step in evaluating the services offered by campus counseling and mental health centers and in their further planning and development. The objectives here were to describe reported complaints and demographics among students who sought counseling/mental healthcare at a Brazilian campus mental health service over a 17-year period and to compare these characteristics with those of the general university student body. DESIGN AND SETTING: Retrospective study at the Psychological and Psychiatric Service for Students (SAPPE), Universidade Estadual de Campinas (Unicamp). METHODS: The participants were all of the 2,194 students who sought counseling/mental health care at SAPPE from 1987 to 2004. Information was obtained from clients’ clinical charts. Unicamp’s database was consulted for general information on its students. RESULTS: The findings indicated overrepresentation, among the clients, of undergraduates, female students, students from Brazilian states other than São Paulo, students living in the campus residence hall and those whose main source of income was a scholarship grant. We also found overrepresentation of Humanities and Arts students among the clients. The most frequently reported complaints were difficulties in interpersonal relationships, family conflicts and poor academic performance. CONCLUSION: Course level (undergraduate or postgraduate), study field, living in a university residential facility and reliance on a scholarship grant were found to influence the behavior of seeking mental health counseling among Brazilian university students in this study. Course level was found to influence the pattern of complaints reported at first contact with the mental health service.
Relato de caso: privação sensorial de estímulos e comportamentos autísticos
Authors: Coelho Ana Cristina de Castro , Iemma Elisa Pinhata , Lopes-Herrera Simone Aparecida
Published: April 2008

O objetivo deste trabalho foi relatar o caso de uma criança que apresenta características autísticas e sofreu privação de estímulos por negligência materna. O acompanhamento da criança foi feito pela equipe da Clínica de Fonoaudiologia da Faculdade de Odontologia de Bauru (FOB-USP). A criança era do gênero masculino e tinha dois anos e 10 meses, na época da avaliação fonoaudiológica. O diagnóstico foi distúrbio de linguagem como parte de um transtorno global do desenvolvimento e foi indicada terapia fonoaudiológica. Devido a características de comprometimento do desenvolvimento global e nutricional, a criança também foi encaminhada a uma instituição especializada em autismo e a atendimento médico. Com o início da terapia fonoaudiológica, a criança apresentou aumento de contato ocular, aceitação de contato corporal, maior interesse pelos objetos, iniciação de vocalizações e diminuição dos movimentos repetitivos; porém, o resultado terapêutico foi comprometido devido à problemática envolvida. Todo o trabalho foi realizado em conjunto com as creches que a criança freqüentou e com os órgãos assistenciais relevantes, já que foi feita uma denúncia formal da negligência materna. O intuito deste relato de caso é demonstrar que, em casos graves como este, é necessária uma intervenção global, com a atuação de diversos profissionais da saúde, a fim de proporcionar o desenvolvimento em todos os aspectos comprometidos. O apoio da família é fator determinante no desenvolvimento da criança e, por isso, não se sabe até que ponto a manutenção das características autísticas e os comportamentos apresentados pela criança estão sendo determinados pela privação sensorial que esta sofre ou pela severidade do quadro autístico em si, devendo o trabalho de investigação e de intervenção ter continuidade.
Influence of effluents from a Wastewater Treatment Plant on nutrient distribution in a coastal creek from southern Brazil
Authors: Santos Isaac Rodrigues , Costa Ronaldo Cataldo , Freitas Ubiratan , Fillmann Gilberto
Published: April 2008

The hypothesis that effluents treated through activated sludge process cause changes in nutrient biogeochemistry of receiving water bodies was investigated in Vieira creek, southern Brazil. Dissolved oxygen, suspended matter, and pH did not vary among the sampling stations. Nutrient, biochemical oxygen demand, and conductivity values were significantly higher downstream from the Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP) effluents. Further downstream, nitrate concentrations were higher due to ammonium nitrification, organic matter remineralization and/or the occurrence of unidentified sources. Per capita nutrient emission factors were estimated to be 0.16 kg P.yr-1 and 4.14 kg N.yr-1. Under pristine conditions, low N:P ratios were observed, which were significantly increased downstream due to the high ammonium input. The mixing zone of the nitrogen-rich waters from Vieira creek with the phosphorus-enriched waters from Patos lagoon estuary was considered under high risk of eutrophication. The results could be useful for planning and management of WWTP-effluent receiving waters in temperate regions from developing countries.
Epibenthic colonization on an artificial reef in a stressed environment off the north coast of the Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil
Authors: Krohling Werther , Zalmon Ilana Rosental
Published: April 2008

The influence of sedimentation and turbidity caused by the pluviometric precipitation and by the Paraiba do Sul River during the summer was investigated on an artificial reef along the north coast of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Four recruitment and four cumulative plates were removed monthly (January 2002 to February 2003) from the external surface of the concrete reef modules. Empty space was not a limiting factor the recruitment. Turnover rate and structural difference index were higher in the first months and reflected low change in the species dominance during almost the entire study period. The high correlation between the precipitation and the empty space suggested that rain influence the recruitment and the succession. The recruitment was possible despite stress factors such as sedimentation, turbidity, abrasion, strong bottom currents and a lack of natural consolidated substrate. Changes in the community structure reflected the substrate colonization history of a few resistant species and their subsequent interactions.
Population structure, growth and fishery yield of Leporinus acutidens (Valenciennes, 1837) (Teleostei: Anostomidae) in Yacyretá Reservoir (Argentina)
Authors: Araya Patricia R. , Agostinho Angelo A. , Bechara José A.
Published: April 2008

The population structure and dynamics of Leporinus acutidens (Valenciennes, 1837), upstream from Yacyretá Dam (Upper Paraná River, Argentina) were analyzed for their relation to age, condition factor, growth, mortality and fishery yield. The pre- (1990-94) and post- (1995-98) filling phases of the reservoir were compared with regard to age structure, condition factor, and the length/weight relationship of fish. Fish sampling was carried out at four sampling sites following a longitudinal gradient along the river. The catches took place monthly using eight monofilament gillnets (mesh 40 to 160 mm). The growth marks on the scales were annual (9-year maximum). The study of the variation in the monthly averages of the scale marginal increments revealed that the period of the growth ring formation shifted from winter to spring in the post-filling phase. The length/weight relationship coefficient (b) was higher after dam closing. The condition factor increased before the reproduction period and during late summer, reaching maximum values in the post-filling phase, and especially at the sampling site placed within the reservoir region. The von Bertalanffy growth coefficient k for both sexes was 0.16, and the asymptotic length L" reached 338 mm. Natural mortality during the whole study period, according to Pauly's equation, was 0.25 years -1 and total mortality was 0.37 years -1. The Beverton-Holt yield per recruit (Y/R) model attained 57.23 g, with a maximum sustainable yield (MSY) of 70.75 g. Low total mortality was associated with the lack of commercial exploitation of the species.
Rinite alérgica: aspectos epidemiológicos, diagnósticos e terapêuticos
Authors: Ibiapina Cássio da Cunha , Sarinho Emanuel Savio Cavalcanti , Camargos Paulo Augusto Moreira , Andrade Cláudia Ribeiro de , Cruz Filho Álvaro Augusto Souza da
Published: April 2008

Este estudo tem como objetivo revisar a literatura a respeito da rinite alérgica quanto aos aspectos epidemiológicos, clínicos, diagnósticos e terapêuticos. A revisão da bibliografia foi realizada utilizando-se as bases de dados Medline, Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde e HighWire, nos últimos trinta anos, utilizando-se os descritores allergic rhinitis, epidemiology, diagnosis, e treatment. Foram selecionados 60 artigos. Este estudo destaca o aumento na prevalência da rinite alérgica, sua associação com a asma, os critérios diagnósticos e seu tratamento. A classificação da rinite alérgica é apresentada, bem como as estratégias de tratamento. As modalidades terapêuticas apresentadas e discutidas são anti-histamínicos, corticóides, imunoterapia, antileucotrienos, cromoglicato dissódico e anticorpos anti-IgE, bem como a redução da exposição aos alérgenos. Finalmente, ressalta-se a importância da abordagem da rinite alérgica em saúde pública.
Videotoracoscopia para remoção de corpo estranho da cavidade pleural
Authors: Marsico Giovanni Antonio , Almeida André Luiz de , Azevedo Dirceo Edson de , Venturini Gustavo Carvalho , Azevedo Alexandre Edson de , Marsico Paula dos Santos
Published: April 2008

A videotoracoscopia é considerada um procedimento cirúrgico minimamente invasivo. É o procedimento de escolha para o tratamento de algumas doenças pulmonares e pleurais. Cada vez mais vem sendo empregada na fase aguda do trauma torácico. Outra indicação de seu uso, pouco descrita na literatura, é para a remoção de corpos estranhos intratorácicos retidos. Relatamos o uso da videotoracoscopia para a remoção de projéteis intrapleurais em dois pacientes hemodinamicamente estáveis nos quais a toracotomia foi evitada.
Addressing practical problems in sustainability assessment frameworks
Authors: Hurley L. , Ashley R. , Mounce S.
Published: April 2008

It is widely accepted that complex decisions resulting in more sustainable outcomes require integration between different professional domains as well as those making and those affected by the decisions (stakeholders, actors). In practice, a lack of adequate knowledge-sharing across domains leads to consideration only of tried and tested practices and an over-reliance on monetary evaluations to determine ‘appropriate’ solutions. Furthermore, stakeholder and actor engagement is often inadequate due to the failure of decision makers to connect to the reality of the problem being addressed from the point of view of those affected by it or by wider considerations. Many assessment frameworks have been developed in order to enhance the explicit incorporation of sustainability into decision-making processes and to provide a means for stakeholders to contribute their judgement and views to the decision. Such frameworks have been useful in contextualising decision-making processes but have drawbacks in practical application. This paper describes experiences of developing assessment frameworks for water and related asset management decisions, discusses the limitations of their use in practice and draws upon current thinking in the field of sustainable development to suggest improved means of addressing complex problems.
Decision support methodology for complex contexts
Authors: Elghali L. , Clift R. , Begg K. G. , McLaren S.
Published: April 2008

Complex decision contexts involving multiple (and often competing) policy objectives are common in both strategic and operational decisions encountered in engineering projects or programmes. The need to consider multiple objectives and to address the concerns of diverse stakeholders raises particular difficulties in applying sustainable development principles to defining and choosing an optimum project, process, product, policy or solution. This paper derives some fundamental characteristics of appropriate support for sustainable development decisions. Using these characteristics, three methodologies, which have been proposed as support tools for making strategic decisions and assessing policy choices for their contributions towards sustainable development, are reviewed critically with reference to their theoretical basis and informed by case studies of engineering applications. Recommendations are made to support best practice and to develop more effective support for such decisions in future.
Uplift of shallow foundations with cement-stabilised backfill
Authors: Rattley M. J. , Lehane B. M. , Consoli N. , Richards D. J.
Published: April 2008

This paper describes the results of a series of centrifuge model tests undertaken to investigate the effects of modifying a loose granular backfill using cement on the uplift performance of shallow anchors. These model tests, which involved a range of cement contents, are supported using a series of laboratory element tests and finite-element analyses. The study indicates that significant increases in uplift stiffness and peak capacity can be achieved by the addition of relatively small quantities of cement. Such increases are, however, limited to relatively low uplift displacements because of the brittle nature of the improved backfill shear strength characteristics.
Subgrade modulus of geocell-reinforced sand foundations
Authors: Dash S. K. , Reddy P. D. T. , Raghukanth S. T. G.
Published: April 2008

This paper presents the subgrade modulus aspect of geocell-reinforced sand foundation beds, where most of the reported work deals with bearing capacity. Through a series of laboratory model tests the influence on the subgrade modulus of different parameters, such as the geometry and position of placement of the geocell layer, has been examined. With the provision of geocell.reinforcement, the subgrade modulus of sand bed can be increased as high as eight times compared with the unreinforced case. A multiple-variable data regression is performed on the experimental data to establish a relation between the effect of reinforcing in terms of subgrade modulus improvement factor and the parameters that control the scheme of reinforcement. This equation will be of use in predicting the subgrade modulus of geocell-reinforced sand beds, and also in efficient utilisation of geocell reinforcement in increasing the performance of sand foundations.
Static design of elliptical hollow section end-connections
Authors: Martinez-Saucedo G. , Packer J. A. , Zhao X.-L.
Published: April 2008

Research to date on elliptical hollow section connections is very limited and does not include slotted end-connections. As a result, such connections need to be designed following methods used for other hollow structural sections. Nevertheless, current design provisions for these connections are still generally acknowledged to be inaccurate. The behaviour of statically-loaded slotted end-connections to elliptical hollow sections has been studied under axial tension loading, previously by large-scale laboratory experiments (published elsewhere) and herein by finite element analysis. Non-linear finite element models, validated by five large-scale laboratory test specimens, formed the basis of an extensive parametric study resulting in a further 302 ‘numerical tests’. With these data, an assessment of such connections has been performed, with consideration of prior international work on this topic. As a result, a new design procedure for slotted end-connections to elliptical hollow sections in tension is presented, which is shown to be a significant improvement over the application of current international design provisions.
Neutron activation of engineered nanoparticles as a tool for tracing their environmental fate and uptake in organisms
Authors: Oughton Deborah Helen , Hertel-Aas Turid , Pellicer Eva , Mendoza Ernest , Joner Erik Jautris
Published: April 2008

Studies regarding the environmental impact of engineered nanoparticles (ENPs) are hampered by the lack of tools to localize and quantify ENPs in water, sediments, soils, and organisms. Neutron activation of mineral ENPs offers the possibility of labeling ENPs in a way that avoids surface modification and permits both localization and quantification within a matrix or an organism. Time-course experiments in vivo also may be conducted with small organisms to study metabolism and exposure, two aspects currently lacking in ecotoxicological knowledge about ENPs. The present report explains some of the prerequisites and advantages of neutron activation as a tool for studying ENPs in environmental samples and ecologically relevant organisms, and it demonstrates the suitability of neutron activation for Ag, Co/Co3O4, and CeO2 nanoparticles. In a preliminary experiment with the earthworm Eisenia fetida, the dietary uptake and excretion of a Co nanopowder (average particle size, 4 nm; surface area, 59 m2/g) were studied. Cobalt ENPs were taken up to a high extent during 7 d of exposure (concentration ratios of 0.16–0.20 relative to the ENP concentration in horse manure) and were largely retained within the worms for a period of eight weeks, with less than 20% of absorbed ENPs being excreted. Following dissection of the worms, 60Co was detected in spermatogenic cells, cocoons, and blood using scintillation counting and autoradiography. The experimental opportunities that neutron activation of ENPs offer are discussed.
Independence Property and Hyperbolic Groups
Authors: Jaligot Eric , Muranov Alexey , Neman Azadeh
Published: April 2008

In continuation of [JOH04, OH07], we prove that existentially closed CSA-groups have the independence property. This is done by showing that there exist words having the independence property relative to the class of torsion-free hyperbolic groups.
Forcing Axioms, Supercompact Cardinals, Singular Cardinal Combinatorics
Authors: Viale Matteo
Published: April 2008

The purpose of this communication is to present some recent advances on the consequences that forcing axioms and large cardinals have on the combinatorics of singular cardinals. I will introduce a few examples of problems in singular cardinal combinatorics which can be fruitfully attacked using ideas and techniques coming from the theory of forcing axioms and then translate the results so obtained in suitable large cardinals properties.

The first example I will treat is the proof that the proper forcing axiom PFA implies the singular cardinal hypothesis SCH, this will easily lead to a new proof of Solovay's theorem that SCH holds above a strongly compact cardinal. I will also outline how some of the ideas involved in these proofs can be used as means to evaluate the “saturation” properties of models of strong forcing axioms like MM or PFA.

The second example aims to show that the transfer principle (ℵω+1, ℵω) ↠ (ℵ2, ℵ1) fails assuming Martin's Maximum MM. Also in this case the result can be translated in a large cardinal property, however this requires a familiarity with a rather large fragment of Shelah's pcf-theory.

Only sketchy arguments will be given, the reader is referred to the forthcoming [25] and [38] for a thorough analysis of these problems and for detailed proofs.
Realsn-generic relative to some perfect tree
Authors: Anderson Bernard A.
Published: April 2008

We say that a realXisn-generic relative to a perfect treeTifXis a path throughTand for allsetsS, there exists a numberksuch that eitherX∣kϵSor for all a σ ϵTextendingX∣kwe have a σ ∉S. A realXisn-generic relative to some perfect tree if there exists such aT. We first show that for every numbernall but countably many reals aren-generic relative to some perfect tree. Second, we show that proving this statement requires ZFC−+ “∃ infinitely many iterates of the power set of ω”. Third, we prove that every finite iterate of the hyperjump,, is not 2-generic relative to any perfect tree and for every ordinal α below the least λ such that supβ<λ(βth admissible) = λ, the iterated hyperjumpis not 5-generic relative to any perfect tree. Finally, we demonstrate some necessary conditions for reals to be 1-generic relative to some perfect tree.
Finite state automata and monadic definability of singular cardinals
Authors: Neeman Itay
Published: April 2008

We define a class of finite state automata acting on transfinite sequences, and use these automata to prove that no singular cardinal can be defined by a monadic second order formula over the ordinals.
On metric types that are definable in an o-minimal structure
Authors: Valette Guillaume
Published: April 2008

In this paper we study the metric spaces that are definable in a polynomially bounded o-minimal structure. We prove that the family of metric spaces definable in a given polynomially bounded o-minimal structure is characterized by the valuation field Λ of the structure. In the last section we prove that the cardinality of this family is that of Λ. In particular these two results answer a conjecture given in [SS] about the countability of the metric types of analytic germs. The proof is a mixture of geometry and model theory.
Some pathological examples of precipitous ideals
Authors: Gitik Moti
Published: April 2008

We construct a model with an indecisive precipitous ideal and a model with a precipitous ideal with a non precipitous normal ideal below it. Such kind of examples were previously given by M. Foreman [2] and R. Laver [4] respectively. The present examples differ in two ways: first- they use only a measurable cardinal and second- the ideals are over a cardinal. Also a precipitous ideal without a normal ideal below it is constructed. It is shown in addition that if there is a precipitous ideal over a cardinal κ such that

• after the forcing with its positive sets the cardinality of κ remains above ℵ1

• there is no a normal precipitous ideal then there is 0†.
The polynomial and linear hierarchies in models where the weak pigeonhole principle fails
Authors: Kołodziejczyk Leszek Aleksander , Thapen Neil
Published: April 2008

We show, under the assumption that factoring is hard, that a model of PV exists in which the polynomial hierarchy does not collapse to the linear hierarchy; that a model of exists in which NP is not in the second level of the linear hierarchy; and that a model of exists in which the polynomial hierarchy collapses to the linear hierarchy.

Our methods are model-theoretic. We use the assumption about factoring to get a model in which the weak pigeonhole principle fails in a certain way, and then work with this failure to obtain our results.

As a corollary of one of the proofs, we also show that in the failure of WPHP (for definable relations) implies that the strict version of PH does not collapse to a finite level.
Complex tilings
Authors: Durand Bruno , Levin Leonid A. , Shen Alexander
Published: April 2008

We study the minimal complexity of tilings of a plane with a given tile set. We note that every tile set admits either no tiling or some tiling withKolmogorov complexity of its (n×n)-squares. We construct tile sets for which this bound is tight: all (n×n)-squares in all tilings have complexity Ω(n). This adds a quantitative angle to classical results on non-recursivity of tilings—that we also develop in terms of Turing degrees of unsolvability.
Changing the heights of automorphism towers by forcing with Souslin trees over L
Authors: Fuchs Gunter , Hamkins Joel David
Published: April 2008

We prove that there are groups in the constructible universe whose automorphism towers are highly malleable by forcing. This is a consequence of the fact that, under a suitable diamond hypothesis, there are sufficiently many highly rigid non-isomorphic Souslin trees whose isomorphism relation can be precisely controlled by forcing.
The PCF conjecture and large cardinals
Authors: Pereira Luís
Published: April 2008

We prove that a combinatorial consequence of the negation of the PCF conjecture for intervais, involving free subsets relative to set mappings, is not implied by even the strongest known large cardinal axiom.
Cardinal invariants and the collapse of the continuum by Sacks forcing
Authors: Repický Miroslav
Published: April 2008

We study cardinal invariants of systems of meager hereditary families of subsets of ω connected with the collapse of the continuum by Sacks forcing and we obtain a cardinal invariant such that collapses the continuum to and . Applying the Baumgartner-Dordal theorem on preservation of eventually narrow sequences we obtain the consistency of . We define two relations and on the set (ωω)Fin of finite-to-one functions which are Tukey equivalent to the eventual dominance relation of functions such that if -unbounded, well-ordered by , and not -dominating, then there is a nonmeager p-ideal. The existence of such a system follows from Martin's axiom. This is an analogue of the results of [3], [9, 10] for increasing functions.
Une généalogie de la pensée managériale sur la RSE
Authors: Acquier Aurélien , Aggeri Franck
Published: April 2008

Cet article propose une revue de littérature généalogique des concepts gestionnaires associés à la responsabilité sociale de l'entreprise (RSE). Nous analysons le développement historique du concept de RSE en Amérique du Nord, et réévaluons la portée des concepts et des cadres d'analyse gestionnaires associés à ce construit (approches responsiveness, performance sociétale de l'entreprise, approches par les parties prenantes, etc.) Ce travail débouche sur une typologie des principaux courants de recherche en matière de RSE.
Seed dispersal by Bison bison in a tallgrass prairie
Authors: Rosas Claudia A. , Engle David M. , Shaw James H. , Palmer Michael W.
Published: April 2008

Question:

To what extent do bison serve as seed dispersers via epizoochory and endozoochory in tallgrass prairie, and does this differ by age‐sex class of bison and by month?

Location:

Tallgrass Prairie Preserve, Osage County, Oklahoma, USA.

Methods:

We collected bison hair from 19 bulls, 45 cows, and 47 juveniles in fall and we collected bison dung monthly for a year. We recovered and identified seeds from hair and dung samples, and classified seeds by size and diaspore characteristics.

Results:

Bison hair samples contained 2768 seeds from at least 76 plant species. Several species found in hair did not feature specialized appendages for adhesive dispersal. Seed species composition differed in hair collected from bulls, cows and juveniles, possibly due to differential habitat use. Dung samples contained 7418 seeds from at least 70 species, from which graminoids accounted for 3936 seeds from 27 species. Species composition of seeds contained in dung samples differed among months, corresponding to availability. Grasses constituted about half the seeds in both dung and hair samples, but Asteraceae were more strongly represented in hair, while Scrophulariaceae and Solanaceae were more strongly represented in dung.

Conclusions:

We conclude that bison are potentially important dispersers of forbs as well as graminoids. A high abundance and wide diversity of seeds were found in both bison hair and dung. The great majority of seeds found undamaged in bison dung were small seeds, which agrees with the ‘foliage is the fruit’hypothesis. Dispersal by both epizoochory and endozoochory may play an important role in life history of many species in tallgrass prairie landscapes.
Hypoglycaemic Property of Nutraceuticals
Authors: Haque Mohammad Emdadul , Safayetullah Quazi , Ahsan Monira , Islam Sheikh Nazrul
Published: April 2008

Hypoglycemic property of four nutraceuticals named - black cumin, garlic, methi and karela has been investigated on an alloxan induced diabetic rat model. Glibenclamide was used as positive control and normal saline was used as negative control. Serum glucose levels of normal and diabetic induced rats were estimated by Glucose Oxidase method using a kit, and it were 4.33 ± 0.43 mmol/L and 8.27 ± 0.45mmol/L respectively. The alloxan induced diabetic rats were grouped into six, which were then treated with the four nutraceuticals and two controls. Treatment was given orally everyday for 28 days. Serum glucose level was analysed every 7 day intervals. It was observed that lowering of glucose level was significant (P = 0.01) for every 7 day treatment period. All of the nutraceuticals reduced the serum glucose level nearly to the normal value within 28 days. The rate of lowering of the glucose level was found to vary with the nutraceuticals. Garlic was found to be most active like the glibenclamide. The next active one was black cumin followed by methi and karela. The study conclude that nutraceuticals possess significant hypoglycemic property.

Key words: Hypoglycaemia; Nutraceuticals; Black cumin; Garlic; Methi; Karela.

Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 6(2): 105-107, 2007 (December)
Antimicrobial and Cytotoxic Activities of the Crude Extracts and Isolated Compounds of Xylocarpus mollucensis
Authors: Haque Md Enamul , Islam Md Nahidul , Rahman Md Hafizur , Mohamad Akim Uddin
Published: April 2008

The fractionated crude extracts and three isolated pure compounds XM-1, XM-2 and XM-3 from stem bark of Xylocarpus mollucensis were screened for their antibacterial and antifungal activities and cytotoxicity against brine shrimp nauplii. Petroleum ether, ethyl acetate (EtOAc) and methanol (MeOH) extracts and the compounds isolated from EtOAc fractions were studied for their antimicrobial activities. Cytotoxic activities were conducted only with EtOAc extract and its selected fractions. The EtOAc extract showed promising antimicrobial activities against all the gram positive and gram negative bacteria whereas petroleum ether extract showed moderate activities and the MeOH extract did not show any antimicrobial activities. The isolated pure compounds XM-1, XM-2 and XM-3, whose structures were not elucidated, exhibited activities against most of the bacterial strains. The cytotoxicity towards brine shrimp nauplii of the crude EtOAC extract and its selected fractions were studied. The LC50 values of the EtoAc extract was 12.6 ?g/ml and for the fractions 2, 5, 8 and 13 were 17.78, 13.34, 14.13 and 15.85 ?g/ml, respectively.

Key words: Antimicrobial; Cytotoxic; Xylocarpus; Meliaceae.

Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 6(2): 109-112, 2007 (December)
Evaluation of Anthelmintic Activity of Crude Extracts of Diospyros peregrina, Coccinia grandis and Schima wallichii
Authors: Dewanjee Saikat , Maiti Anup , Kundu Mintu , Mandal Subhash C
Published: April 2008

Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 6(2): 121-123, 2007 (December)
Phytochemical and Biological Studies of Averrhoa carambola
Authors: Mia Md Masum , Rahman Mohammad S , Begum Kohinur , Begum Bilkis , Rashid Mohammad A
Published: April 2008

Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 6(2): 125-128, 2007 (December)
Antinociceptive Activity of Vitis trifolia
Authors: Ahmed F , Rahman KM , Alam SMM , Masud Mohammad Mehedi
Published: April 2008

Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 6(2): 129-130, 2007 (December)
A Training Evaluation on the Capacity Building for Open and Distance Learning Materials at Bangladesh Open University
Authors: Rashid AQM Bazlur
Published: April 2008

A 5 day long training programme of the teachers of BOU on the capacity building for open and distance learning materials was held during 12-15 and 19 March 2006 with a view to upgrading skill, knowledge and quality for their better educational exposure in imparting distance education. Fifty terminologies concerning ODL materials were used to evaluate the effectiveness of the training programme through pre and post evaluation. In pre-evaluation at the beginning of the training session out of 50 only 25 terminologies were assessed to be acquainted satisfactory with the participants knowledge while the rest 25 were assessed at the end of the training programme yielding significantly as much as 39% improvement on the term like ISSN followed by 27% in tele-conferencing. Based on the result, it is revealed that the training has been found effective in imparting appropriate required knowledge of technology including ODL educating materials such as writing of self learning modules, preparing scripts for radio, television, audio-video tapes, e-learning techniques, video conferencing, tele-conferencing, mediated communications etc. with the expectation that the training would have the useful impact on the teachers educating efficiency of BOU teachers. The probable definitions on the acquaintancy of terminologies used have been incorporated.

Key words: Training, evaluation, capacity building, ODL.
Information and Communication Technologies for the Promotion of Open and Distance Learning in Bangladesh
Authors: Islam Md Tofazzal , Selim Abu Sadeque Md.
Published: April 2008

Recent explosion of information and communication technologies (ICTs) in the developed countries offers tremendous opportunities for electronic delivery of course materials for open and distance learners. In spite of some socio-economic constraints, ICTs are expanding fastly in the developing countries and thus offer a new scope for the promotion of open and distance learning. Bangladesh is recently connected to the information super-highway through submarine cables, which will add a new spin in the expansion of the Internet and other ICTs. More than 10 million mobile phone users throughout the country reflect the real phenomenon of quick acceptance of the modern ICTs by the people. However, the only distance teaching public university, Bangladesh Open University (BOU) is still far behind of using modern ICTs for delivering her course materials to the distance learners. Considering the rapid expansion of computer and internet after 1998s, it is now appropriate time to consider inclusion of some interactive ICTs i.e. e-learning in delivering course materials of BOU and other academic institutes to promote distance education in Bangladesh. In this paper, we discuss the current situation and future prospects of ICTs in Bangladesh for the expansion of open and distance education.

Key words: ICTs, ODL, mobile learning.
Cropping Patterns in the South East Coastal Region of Bangladesh
Authors: Shahidullah SM , Talukder MSA , Kabir MS , Khan AH , Elahi Nur-E
Published: April 2008

The study was conducted in greater Noakhali district to investigate the major cropping patterns during 20002001. Information was collected through a structured interview schedule. A total of 18 major cropping patterns were identified. Most dominant cropping pattern, single T. Aman alone occupied 35% land of net cropped area. The next three, BoroFallowT. Aman, FallowB.AusT. Aman and single Boro represents 14, 11 and 11%, respectively of the net cropped area. A sharp variation was observed in cropping patterns among the different upazillas. Crop land of Noakhali, Companiganj, and Ramgati is mainly occupied by single T. Aman cropping pattern. Lion share of net cropped area in Feni, Chhagalnaiya, Parshuram and Raipur is covered by BoroFallowT. Aman pattern. Begumganj and Chatkhil are an exception. More than 80% of the cropped area is in these two upazillas is cahracterized by single Boro cropping pattern. The average cropping intensity of the greater Noakhali district was 163%. The highest cropping intensity was 194% in Ramganj and the lowest 115 % was in Begumganj. The highest adoption rate of modern rice varieties was found in BoroFallowT. Aman cropping pattern in all upazillas. The farmers need improved varieties of Aus, T. Aman and minor Rabi crops purposively suitable for coastal area. Researches in these fields should get priority. Single Boro area, especially of Begumganj and Chatkhil is the most potential area for fish culture after the harvest of Boro rice.

Key words: Cropping patterns, cropping intensity, coastal area.
Relationship of Whitefly Population Build up with the Spread of TYLCV on Eight Tomato Varieties
Authors: Rahman AHMA , Akanda AM , Alam AKM Ashraful
Published: April 2008

The performance of eight tomato varieties namely BARI-T1 (Manik), BARI-T2 (Ratan), BARI-T4, BARI-T5, BARI-T6 (Apurba), BARI-T7 (Chaity), BARI-T11 and BARI-T12 were evaluated in respect to prevalence and spread of TYLCV (Tomato Yellow Leaf curl Virus) in relation to whitefly population buildup in the field. Data were collected on the three growth stages of the plant namely early (transplanting to first flowering) mid (first flowering to first harvesting) and late (first harvesting to last harvesting). The virus prevalence percentage in eight tomato varieties varied depending on early, mid and late stage of infection as well as tomato varieties. It ranged from 42 to 69%. There was a poor and insignificant quadratic polynomial relationship (y = -0.0059x 2 + 0.2826x  1.5378 & R2 = 0.0962) between temperature and whitefly population build up in tomato field. The relationship between relative humidity and whitefly population build up in the field was found significant but negatively correlated (y = - 0.0321x 2 +4.5518x  159.44 (R2 = 0.6769). The increase of whitefly population in the field was positively correlated with the spread of TYLCV in the tomato field (y = - 0.0002x 2 + 0.0297x + 1.0626 & R2 = 0.663). The highest and lowest prevalence of TYLCV was recorded in BARI-T6 and BARI-T11, respectively. In all the varieties, virus prevalence was found higher at mid stage followed by late and early stage of infection.

Key words: Prevalence, TYLCV, whitefly.