bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Clinical Diagnosis and Oral Rehabilitation of a Patient with Amelogenesis imperfecta: A Case Report
Authors: Hegde Veena , Sholapurkar Amar A. , Joseph Robin Mathia , Varghese Jothi M. , Neelagiri Krishna , Acharya Shashi Rashmi R. , Pai Keetthilatha M. , Bhat Mahalinga
Published: July 2019

Aim

This clinical report describes the oral rehabilitation of a young female patient diagnosed with the hypocalcified, autosomal recessive type of Amelogenesis imperfecta (AI). A brief discussion on diagnosis of AI is also included.

Background

AI has been defined as a group of hereditary enamel defects not associated with evidence of systemic disease. It can be characterized by enamel hypoplasia and/or hypomaturation or hypocalcification of the existing teeth. Restoration for patients with this condition should be oriented toward the functional and esthetic rehabilitation and the protection of these teeth.

Report

A 31-year-old female patient presented with concerns including extreme sensitivity; dissatisfaction with size, shape, and shade of teeth; and poor masticatory efficiency. She was very conscious about the appearance of her teeth and reported that her primary dentition was affected in the same manner. The specific objectives of this treatment were to eliminate tooth sensitivity, enhance esthetics, and restore masticatory function. Treatment included crown lengthening procedures and placement of anterior and posterior metalceramic crowns. A 12-month follow-up with clinical and radiographic examinations revealed no evidence of any untoward effects of the treatment on the restored teeth or their supporting structures.

Management of a patient with AI is a challenge for the clinician. The treatment options vary considerably depending on several factors such as the age of the patient, socio-economic status, periodontal condition, loss of tooth structure, severity of the disorder, and, most importantly, the patient's cooperation. The clinician has to consider the long-term prognosis of the treatment outcome. This clinical report describes the fabrication of metal ceramic and all metal crowns for the restoration of severely worn teeth in a patient with AI which requires meticulous maintenance of oral hygiene and patient co-operation.

Citation

Sholapurkar AA, Joseph RM, Varghese JM, Neelagiri K, Acharya SRR, Hegde V, Pai KM, Bhat M. Clinical Diagnosis and Oral Rehabilitation of a Patient with Amelogenesis imperfecta: A Case Report. J Contemp Dent Pract 2008 May; (9)4:092-098.
Localized Alveolar Ridge Augmentation Using a Two-step Approach with Different Soft Tissue Grafts: A Clinical Report
Authors: Walter Clemens , Büttel Leonard , Weiger Roland
Published: July 2019

Aim

The purpose of this report is to present the use of different soft tissue grafting procedures for surgical ridge augmentation.

Background

Multiple augmentative procedures may be indicated for the esthetic reconstruction of edentulous alveolar ridge deformities due to unpredictable shrinkage of augmented tissues.

Report

A 38-year-old woman with a moderate Class III alveolar ridge defect received periodontal plastic surgery treatment using a combined onlay-interpositional graft procedure and a subepithelial connective tissue graft.

This case illustrates the aesthetic reconstruction of a moderate alveolar ridge defect using a twostep approach.

Clinical Significance

Using different soft tissue grafting procedures might be helpful in planning and treating moderate alveolar ridge defects. The time for remodelling of the augmented tissues needs to be respected before the final prosthesis is placed.

Citation

Walter C, Büttel L, Weiger R. Localized Alveolar Ridge Augmentation Using a Two-step Approach with Different Soft Tissue Grafts: A Clinical Report. J Contemp Dent Pract 2008 May; (9)4:099-106.
A Clinical Evaluation of Extrinsic Stain Removal: A Rotation-Oscillation Power Toothbrush versus a Dental Prophylaxis
Authors: Biesbrock Aaron R. , Bartizek Robert D. , Walters Patricia A. , Terezhalmy Geza T. , Grender Julie M.
Published: July 2019

Aim

To assess extrinsic stain removal efficacy of a power toothbrush and a dental prophylaxis followed by the use of a standardized American Dental Association (ADA) reference manual toothbrush.

Methods and Materials

This was a randomized, positive-controlled, examiner-blind, parallel group, twoweek study. A Lobene stain examination was performed at baseline. Subjects were randomized to one of two treatment groups: Group 1: Oral-B® Vitality™ Pro White power toothbrush or Group 2: Subjects receiving a dental prophylaxis then using a standardized ADA reference manual toothbrush. Subjects were instructed to brush their teeth with the assigned toothbrush and a fluoride dentifrice in front of a mirror twice per day for 2 minutes. Stain was reassessed following 2 weeks of brushing.

Results

A significant reduction (p <0.001) in mean Lobene composite scores after 2 weeks was found for Group 1 (90.6%) and Group 2 (94.4%). Both groups also showed a significant reduction (p <0.001) in extent and intensity scores. There was no significant group difference in reduction in mean Lobene composite scores (p>0.1).

Conclusions

The Oral-B Vitality Pro White power toothbrush showed effective stain removal at a level similar to receiving an oral prophylaxis followed by the use of an ADA reference manual toothbrush.

Clinical Significance

In this small study the Oral-B Vitality Pro White power toothbrush achieved statistically significant stain removal between dental visits.

Citation

Terézhalmy GT, Walters PA, Bartizek RD, Grender JM, Biesbrock AR. A Clinical Evaluation of Extrinsic Stain Removal: A Rotation-Oscillation Power Toothbrush versus a Dental Prophylaxis. J Contemp Dent Pract 2008 July; (9)5:001-008.
The Relationships of the Maxillary Central Incisors and Canines to the Incisive Papilla in Jordanians
Authors: Amin Wala M. , Taha Sahar Th. , Al-Tarawneh Sandra K. , Saleh Mohamed-Wael , Ghzawi Adli
Published: July 2019

Aim

The validity of the relationship between the maxillary anterior teeth and the incisive papilla and the pertinence of this relationship to Jordanians was examined.

Methods and Materials

A computerized digital caliper (CDC) tool was developed and used in the measurements which were made on scanned images of dental casts of 298 Jordanians. The distances from a tangent to the labial surface of the central incisors to the midpoint and the posterior border of the incisive papilla were measured. The tool was also used in marking the exact point on the incisive papilla of the intersection with the line that connected the tips of the maxillary canines. The data sets were analyzed statistically and comparisons among various sets were drawn at a 95% confidence level.

Results

Gender had no significant effect on the relationship of the incisive papilla to the maxillary anterior teeth, whereas this relationship was significantly influenced by the incisal classifications of the examined subjects.

Conclusion

Differences between the Jordanian scores and the Caucasian norms were insignificant.

Clinical Significance

Therefore, the guidelines recommended for Caucasians could be used as starting points in the preliminary location of maxillary incisors and canine teeth during construction of dentures for Jordanians.

Citation

Amin WM, Taha ST, Al-Tarawneh SK, Saleh M, Ghzawi A. The Relationships of the Maxillary Central Incisors and Canines to the Incisive Papilla in Jordanians. J Contemp Dent Pract 2008 July; (9)5:042-051.
Finite Element Method Analysis of the Stress Distribution to Supporting Tissues in a Class IV Aramany Removable Partial Denture (Part I: The Teeth and Periodontal Ligament)
Authors: Gharechahi Jafar , Sharifi Esmael , Nosohian Saeid , Aghdaee Nafiseh Asadzadeh
Published: July 2019

Aim

Special care is required in the fabrication of a Class IV Aramany removable partial denture (RPD) in order to minimize the stress distribution to supporting tissues. Using the finite element method, the aim of this study was to analyze the distribution stress to supporting tissues when a Class IV Aramany RPD is worn.

Methods and Materials

Three RPD designs with circumferential cast retainers were examined in this study. These varied in retainer configuration which included: buccal retention and palatal reciprocation (P1); palatal retention and buccal reciprocation (P2); and buccal and palatal retention (P3).

The stress distribution in models using the Von Mises criteria was analyzed for each RPD design when placed under a 53N load from three different directions that included: vertical to the posterior teeth of the RPD (F1); at a 33° angle to the posterior teeth of the RPD (F2); and vertically on the anterior teeth of the RPD (F3).

Results

The maximum stress in teeth (91.3 Mpa) was generated when a 53N force was applied vertically from anterior teeth of RPD (F3) using buccal and palatal retention (P3). The maximum stress (0.494 Mpa) in the periodontal ligament (PDL) was also generated under the same conditions using the F3 load on the P3 design.

Conclusion

In all three directions of force application RPDs with buccal and palatal retention induced more stress in the tooth and the PDL with the maximum stress generated when the force was applied vertically to the anterior teeth. The axis of rotation can be changed by altering the RPD design as well as the direction and amount of force applied to the teeth.

Citation

Gharechahi J, Sharifi E, Nosohian S, Aghdaee NA. Finite Element Method Analysis of the Stress Distribution to Supporting Tissues in a Class IV Aramany Removable Partial Denture (Part I: The Teeth and Periodontal Ligament). J Contemp Dent Pract 2008 September; (9)6:065-072.
Management of Radiation Induced Xerostomia in Head and Neck Cancers
Authors: Atri Rajeev , Dhankhar Rakesh , Nair Vimoj , Kaushal Vivek
Published: July 2019

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma is the most diverse class of malignancies lumped together under one diagnostic heading, occurring in several different sites and linked only by a common squamous histology. For cure in head and neck cancer dose of radiotherapy more than 60Gy are needed though the tolerance of normal organs e.g. salivary glands varies between 32Gy to 46Gy. Xerostomia is a major complication in patients who are receiving curative radiotherapy for head and neck cancer. Xerostomia is the main clinical effect that interferes with nutrition & use of dentures, deteriorates oral hygiene and predisposes patients to oral candidiasis and dental problems (e.g. dental caries). In the worst case, dry mouth can lead to osteoradionecrosis of the mandible. Treatment of radiation induced xerostomia calls for good hydration, optimal oral hygiene and prophylaxis of candidiasis. Therapeutic options are artificial saliva substitutes, mouth wetting agents and drugs like pilocarpine and amifostine. Modern radiotherapeutic techniques requiring meticulous planning may lead to prevention of radiation induced xerostomia, however once xerostomia establishes the satisfactory measures of control are limited.
Evaluation of Oral Health Status Among Road Transport Drivers in Erode District of Tamil Nadu
Authors: John JR , Rajendran G , Kesavan P , Sridharan P
Published: July 2019

Introduction

The aim of this study was to analyse the oral health status behaviours and treatment needs of drivers employed in Jeeva Transport Corporation located in Erode district of Tamil Nadu.

Materials and methods

A total of 360 workers aged 35 to 60 years were recruited in the study to evaluate their oral health status using a detailed closed-ended questionnaire.

Results

Among 360 study subjects, there was 4-5 mm loss of attachment seen in 261 (44.7%) and 6-8 mm loss of attachment was seen in 17 drivers (4.7%).265 of them (76.1%) had smoking habits. Of these 117(33.6%) used smoking tobacco and 126(36.2%) used smokeless tobacco.

Conclusion

The sample of transport workers provides a good opportunity to survey a population of diverse geographic and socio-economic backgrounds. It is critical to implement oral health policies that prevent, intervene and rehabilitate tobacco consumption habits and promote oral health among them.
Use Of Tobacco And Related Products In Adolescents Of An English Medium School, Belgaum- A Cross Sectional Questionnaire Based Study
Authors: Navik N , Billur SS , Tejashiwini MA , Sanglikar V , Dhyani A , Kasodekar A , Shivakumar SA , Shirahatti R
Published: July 2019

BACKGROUND

Majority of adults are aware of health hazards of tobacco, children and adolescents continue to get exposed to tobacco and many develop cancer in later years.

AIM

To document the smoking and tobacco consumption habits in adolescents in an English Medium school of age group between 17-18 years in the city of Belgaum.

METHODOLOGY

A cross-sectional survey was carried out by self-administered questionnaire to document the smoking and tobacco consumption among representative sample of 40 adolescent students selected by cluster sampling method.

RESULTS

In the School, 10% of students were using tobacco and cigarettes, 90% of students were not using them, 92.5% of students were aware of harmful effects of tobacco, supari and smoking, 92.5% of students saw other children using tobacco.

CONCLUSION

Health education should be given at school level to raise awareness about the use of tobacco, its related products and its consequences.
A Relation Between Dental Anxiety, The Parental Family and Regularity of Dental Attendance in India
Authors: Gupta Ravi , Jain Manish , Mehta Purav , Mathur Anmol , Prabu D , Kulkarni Suhas , Goutham B.
Published: July 2019

Aims and Objective

The aim of the study was to investigate the relationship between dental anxiety and regularity of dental attendance.

Methods

A survey was carried out among 25-30 years old 150 inhabitants of Udaipur in order to study between regularity of dental attendance and dental anxiety, dental upbringing of respondents, dental behaviors of the parents, education, sex, socioeconomic status, and interaction between these independent variables, on the others. Data were analyzed with Chi square and Multiple Logistic Regression analysis.

Results

Education, dental upbringing, regular dental attendance, socioeconomic status and interaction between education and anxiety were found to be importance for the prediction of regularity of dental attendance.

Conclusion

it has to concluded that other factor must be included to achieve and improvement of the classification of irregular attenders. Dental anxiety, although of importance, can not account for adequate differentiation between regular and irregular attenders.
Periodontic-Endodontic Interrelationship – A Review
Authors: Khuller Nitin , Basavaraj P , Chandrasheker KT
Published: July 2019

Pulpal and periodontal problems are responsible for more than 50% of tooth mortality today. There is general agreement today that the vast majority of pulpal and periodontal lesions are a result of bacterial infection. Under which conditions and especially in which direction spread of the disease occurs in the pulpo-periodontal continuum remains a matter of controversy. Diagnosis is complicated by the fact that these diseases are too frequently viewed as independent entities when recognition of their interrelationship is critical to successful resolution & treatment of these lesions often requires combined periodontic & endodontic therapy
Traditional Pulp Vitality Testing Methods - An Overview Of Their Limitations
Authors: Subramaniyan Balaji
Published: July 2019

Pulp vitality testing (PVT) is only one facet of oral diagnosis. An understanding of both the usefulness and limitations of pulp testing methods is essential if they are to be employed in clinical dentistry. Traditional methods which have been followed over the years have still been a point of controversy due to their limitations. With the advent of newer methods assessing pulpal vascularity, it is hoped that it would serve as an efficient diagnostic aid. This paper discusses the limitations of traditional pulp vitality testing methods in detail.
Parental Awareness of the Potential Health Implications of Stem Cells Found in the Pediatric Dentition
Authors: Lyssikatos Aristotle
Published: July 2019

Objective

This study explored the parental awareness of the importance of the potential health benefits of harvesting stem cells located in the pulp chambers of the pediatric dentition.

Methods

The study population comprised of 107 mothers of pediatric patients seeking dental treatment at a health center in New Jersey. The mothers of the pediatric patients completed a questionnaire assessing their knowledge about stem cells in the pediatric dentition.

Results

104 (97.2%) of the 107 mothers that completed the questionnaire had no knowledge about stem cells. The three study subjects that did have insight about stem cells learned about stem cells from either the television or the internet and no study subjects learned about stem cells from neither dental providers nor pediatricians.

Conclusion

Our results suggest that health care providers need to not only treat patient symptoms but educate patients about the potential health benefits of harvesting stem cells from extracted/exfoliated pediatric teeth. Further analytical research is called for.
Awareness and Prevalence of Accidental Blood-borne Exposures Among Students of Sri Sai College of Dental Surgery Vikarabad
Authors: Reddy P Parthasarathi , Monica M , Anjum Md Shakeel , Bhanu Rekha Ch , Sudhakar V , Rao K Yadav
Published: July 2019

Background

Studies have demonstrated that dental stu-dents / dentists are among the most vulnerable to blood-borne exposures.

Objectives

The objective of this study was to assess the awareness and prevalence of accidental blood-borne exposures among undergraduate and postgraduate dental students.

Materials and Methods

A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 281 students at Sri Sai College of Dental Surgery-Vikarabad, in which a structured pre-tested self-administered questionnaire was given to all clinical dental students and the responses were subjected to statistical analysis.

Results

The response rate in present study was 87%. The mean age of the subjects was 22.9 years and awareness on blood borne exposures was found to be 88.9%. 76% of the students reported having undergone accidental exposures with 24% of them being Per-cutaneous injuries. In 49% of respondents syringe needle was the most common instrument causing accidental injury.

Conclusion

Accidental exposures and non-reporting of accidental exposures were prevalent in these students.
The Evaluation of Three Electronic Apex Locators in Teeth with Simulated Horizontal Oblique Root Fractures
Authors: Yadav Suman , Gupta Atul , Sharma Sumeet , Soi Sonal
Published: July 2019

Aim

The accuracy of three electronic apex locators (EALs) to locate the apical limit in teeth with simulated horizontal oblique root fractures was investigated.

Material and Methods

A horizontal oblique incomplete root fracture was simulated on 30 freshly extracted maxillary anterior teeth by means of a notch made on the vestibular root plane 8 mm from the anatomic apex. The EALs investigated were the ProPex II (Dentsply Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland), the Mini Apex Locator (Sybron Endo, Orange CA), and the Dentaport ZX (J. Morita Corp, Kyoto, Japan). The electronic measurements were compared with the real “working length.”

Results

The accuracy obtained was Dentaport ZX in 66.66% (n=20), the Mini Apex Locator in 63.33% (n=4) and the Propex II in 53.34% (n=4). The analysis of variance and chi-square test showed no statistical significant differences between Propex and Dentaport ZX EALs (Elecronic Apex Locators) at 0.5 mm and 1.0 mm tolerance levels. These results suggest that electronic apex locators can effectively and reproducibly detect oblique root fractures.

Conclusion

Although Propex II apex locator was not able to determine the working length accurately, but Dentaport ZX and Mini Apex Locator were able to determine the working length within acceptable range.
Biomedical Waste Management: A Review
Authors: Manjunatha M , Sunil Kumar VC , Vijetha Badami , Pradeep P.R.
Published: July 2019

Various national and international agencies have shown their concern towards proper handling, treatment and disposal of biomedical waste, as they may cause serious infectious diseases like hepatitis, tuberculosis and HIV/AIDS. Most of the hospitals do not have effective disposal system leading to complex problem of hygiene and sanitation in hospitals. The use of disposable items has reduced the rate of infection but at the same time has increased the volume of the waste which needs to be disposed properly. Effective waste disposal can be achieved only by considering the various components of the waste management system and this should be made an integral part of hospital planning and designing.
Oral Health Knowledge, Attitude and Practices Among School Teachers in Kurnool – Andhra Pradesh
Authors: Manjunath G , Kumar NN
Published: July 2019

Introduction

Teacher plays pivotal role in any educational system and if they are well educated, intellectually alive and take keen interest in their job, then only success is ensured. Present study was done with an aim to know the knowledge, attitude and practices among school teachers regarding oral health.

Methods

Closed ended questionnaire was filled by 500 school teachers chosen by stratified random sampling.

Results

Response rate is 100 % with 250 school teachers from Govt and privates schools. No statistical significant results were found based on age, sex, type of school and income when it comes to knowledge and attitude, but statistical significance was found based on income (p<0.05) when compared with behavior of school teachers with better practices on oral health seen as the monthly income increases.

Conclusion

Overall oral health knowledge attitude and behavior is poor among school teachers
Knowledge, Attitude and Aesthetic Perceptions about Dental Fluorosis among 12-15 Years Old Government School Children in Farukh Nagar, Haryana
Authors: Yadav R , Yadav A , Oberoi SS
Published: July 2019

Aims and objectives

The present study was conducted to assess the opinions amongst schoolchildren about the appearance of dental fluorosis, to correlate the children's perceptions of dental fluorosis and to assess the impact of dental fluorosis on psychological health of the school children.

Materials and methods

A questionnaire was used for assessment of the Knowledge, Attitude and Aesthetic perceptions about Dental Fluorosis among 474, 12-15 years old school children studying in four government high schools of Farukh Nagar block, Gurgaon, Haryana. The study sample included 308 students with dental fluorosis out of all the school children examined. Dental Fluorosis was assessed by using tooth surface index of fluorosis with 8 point scale ranging from 0 to 7.

Results

Amongst 308 subjects, maximum subjects had TSIF score of 4, 96.8% (298) subjects were not aware of the term fluorosis, 276 (89.5%) subjects were worried, and 253 (82.2%) subjects were not able to smile freely because of the appearance of their teeth.

Conclusion

The study showed that dental fluorosis had severe impact on the 12 to 15 years old school children especially on the subjects with TSIF score of 4 because of the staining.
Association of Malnutrition and Socioeconomic Status in Dental Caries – A Cross Sectional Study
Authors: Punitha VC , Sivaprakasam P
Published: July 2019

The objective

Of this study was to assess the association of nutritional status and socio economic status in dental caries among rural children.

Methods

Children of age 6 – 10 yrs (n = 120) from government schools in two villages of Kanchipuram district were the study subjects. The children's nutritional status was assessed by means of anthropometric measurements. Body Mass Index using weight and height of children was evaluated using the reference standard of the WHO 2007. The socioeconomic status was assessed based on education, occupation and material possession. The children's oral cavity was screened for decayed and filled teeth (dft index)

Results

Nutritional assessment showed that 66.7% were malnourished. Female children (71.7%) were more malnourished than males (62.2%) with no significant difference between them. Children belonging to the low income group were more malnourished (74.7%) than children of middle income group (53.3%) (p = 0.01). The prevalence of caries in this population was 60% with mean dft index score of 1.7. Caries occurrence was more in the low income group (61.3%) than middle income group (57.8%) with no significant difference between the two groups (p=0.70). Comparing the caries occurrence between the malnourished children and the normal weight children it was seen that the caries occurrence was less in the malnourished children (p=0.23)

Conclusion

This cross sectional study concludes that malnutrition is not associated with dental caries and socioeconomic status influences nutritional status of a child in this rural population.
Management of Intraoral Gunshot Injury – A Case Report
Authors: Agarwal A , Kumar A , Goel M , Puri P , Priya K
Published: July 2019

Oral and Maxillofacial gunshot injuries are usually lethal due to close proximity with the vital structures. The severity of injury varies according to the caliber of the weapon used and to the distance from which the patient is shot. A case of gunshot injury that was successfully managed by surgical exploration and removal of bullet from left maxillary antrum under local anesthesia is presented. The initial care of facial gunshot wounds strictly adheres to the basics of trauma resuscitation. Early and appropriate surgical management have proved to be influential on the final outcome and aesthetic result. Treatment of gunshot injuries should be planned and carried out carefully. It takes different stages and procedures to achieve the targeted treatment plan. Prevention and control of infection are important in the success of the treatment.
Oral and Dental Findings of the Longest Surviving Patient with Hoyeraal-Hreidarsson Syndrome
Authors: Sekerci AE , Sisman Y , Keskinrüzgar A , Unal E , Karakukcu M , Ozdemir MA
Published: July 2019

Hoyeraal-Hreidarsson syndrome (HHS) is a severe multisystem disorder associated with premature mortality, due to bone marrow failure. Because HHS is a very rare disease and almost all cases die before 7 years of age, the dental development and dental findings of HHS patients are still not clear. According to our knowledge only twenty seven cases were reported up to now and we did not find any report focusing on the dental evaluation of HHS patients. Therefore, in this report, we aimed to present the dental findings of a twenty-year old patient with HHS.
Asymptomatic Impacted Supernumerary Maxillary Parapremolar
Authors: Singh S , Rahman H , Chandra R , Tripathi S , Mohan M
Published: July 2019

A case of unilateral impacted supernumerary premolar has been reported. Supernumerary premolars are usually asymptomatic and most cases are diagnosed by a chance during inspection of radiographs.
Estimation of Fluoride Concentration in Municipal Water Supply and Commercially Available Packaged Drinking Water in Mathura City. A -Comparative Study
Authors: Gupta R , Ingle NA , Kaur N , Ingle E , Bhalla M
Published: July 2019

Introduction

Presence of fluoride in water is known to cause many crippling diseases either by its insufficient or excess intake.

Aim & objectives

To compare the fluoride and TDS concentration in municipal water supply and packaged drinking water sold in Mathura city.

Material and Method

Total five water samples of packaged drinking water and ten samples of municipal water were collected from pumping stations of Mathura city. Fluoride concentration was determined by modified alizarin method, TDS was estimated by TDS meter. The student t test was used to compare the mean fluoride concentration of municipal water and packaged drinking water.

Results

The mean fluoride concentration of packaged drinking water and municipal water supply was 0.16 mg/L, 0.64 mg/L respectively. The difference between the mean of two samples was found to be statistically significant.

Conclusion

The fluoride concentration was low in both municipal water and packaged drinking water. TDS was in permissible range in packaged drinking water and unsatisfactory in municipal water.
Computer Use Among Post Graduate Dental Students in India
Authors: Gupta P , Gupta SG , Ankola AV , Jindal V
Published: July 2019

Objective

Computers have become an integral component of dentistry finding application in both patient care and dental education. Few studies have been conducted to assess the use of computers in the field of dentistry in India. The present study was conducted to assess the knowledge, skills, practice and attitudes of post graduate dental students towards the use of computers in dentistry.

Subjects and Methods

A self administered questionnaire was distributed among the post graduate dental students of KLE University, Belgaum, India. 68 out of 82 students responded, the data was analyzed and represented as frequency and percentage.

Results

Most of the students acquired knowledge about computer through informal training. Internet use was very high among the students. They could perform basic operations on computer but faced problem in some advanced functions like hardware maintenance, software installation, use of spreadsheets and photo editing. 73.5% used computer in both home and college. More than 75% owned their own computer. Only 41.2% felt they were well trained to use computers. More than 90% believed that computer education should be a part of dental curriculum.

Conclusion

Though computers in being extensively used by the post graduate dental students, they lack formal training and feel the need for the same. Computer training will be helpful in creating better dental professionals.
Pyogenic Granuloma – Red Mass Lesion: A Case Report
Authors: Agarwal A , Bhattacharya HS , Shiva Manjunath RG , Gokhle ST
Published: July 2019

Pyogenic granuloma is a reactive lesion. It usually arises in response to various stimuli such as low-grade local irritation, traumatic injury, hormonal factors, or certain kinds of drugs hyperplasia of connective tissue in response to local irritants. Gingiva is the most common site affected followed by buccal mucosa, tongue and lips. It is a tumourlike growth of the oral cavity, frequently located surrounding the anterior teeth Histologically, the surface epithelium may be intact, or may show foci of ulcerations or even exhibiting hyperkeratosis. Pyogenic granuloma should be excised along with the base and its causative factors. This paper presents a case of a pyogenic granuloma managed by surgical intervention.
Dental Pain Perception In Different Genders: Pscychological Evaluation And Pain Control Strategy
Authors: Tabassum N , Ahmed S , Al-abdulwaheed M , Al-hammad H , Al-habbib E , Al-khudaimi Z , Al-megran S , Al-basheer A
Published: July 2019

Aim

This study aims at evaluation and discussion of differences in pain perception, anxiety and behavior of male and female dental patients and highlight its significance in treatment planning and management, in the clinical set ups in Riyadh city, Saudi Arabia.

Material and methods

A comparative cohort study was carried out in 880 patients from various dental clinics in Riyadh city, Saudi Arabia. They were given a 23-question questionnaire based on extended DFAS(dental fear and avoidance scale) and DAS(dental anxiety scale). The variables included brief demographic data, medical history, pscychological assessment, pain catastrophe, previous dental experiences and avoidance of dental treatment. Descriptive statistics were used to describe the categorized study and outcome variables in male and female patients and comparing the differences in pscychology and pain perception.

Results and conclusion

Female subjects reported with less pain and phobiafor dental treatment compared to male subjects.91.6% femalesresponded positively for DFAS-1 score(not afraid) against 45.8% of male subjects and 50.6%male subjects agreed that they are terrified of dental pain against 25.7% female subjects for DFAS score 4(terrified of dental pain),which is statistically highly significant.
Glucometer As A Chairside Diagnostic Device To Assess Blood Glucose In Chronic Periodontitis Patients With And Without Diabetes
Authors: Bansal P , Kirti S , Khuller N , Bhatia A , Mehta A
Published: July 2019

Diabetes and periodontal health status have long been considered to be biologically linked. It is essential for a dental surgeon or a periodontist to detect blood glucose level for patients whose signs and symptoms are suggestive of diabetes. Self monitoring devices provide a simple method for rapid monitoring of the glucose level in blood. The present study was designed to check the validity of glucometer as a chairside diagnostic device in chronic periodontitis patients with and without diabetes. The study included 45 patients divided into three groups (15 chronic periodontitis patients with diabetes mellitus, 15 chronic periodontitis patients without diabetes mellitus and 15 healthy patients). Samples were taken from gingival crevicular, gingival capillary, finger prick blood and values were compared with standardized venous blood sample results. The results of study show a strong correlation between blood sugar values of gingival crevicular blood with laboratory venous blood sugar than other parameters.
Compound Odontoma - A Representative Case Report
Authors: Lyssikatos A
Published: July 2019

A compound odontoma is the most common form of odontogenic odontomas and is typically found in the maxillary anterior region. This paper describes a case diagnosed in a 41 year old healthy male patient. Two treatment options were presented to the patient including a referral to an oral and maxillofacial surgeon for an evaluation or periodic monitoring of the odontoma.
Biopotential Assessment—An Alternative in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Diagnostics: A Study
Authors: Mukherji Soumyo , Vahanwala Sonal P , Dhawangale Arvind , Agrawal Sourabh
Published: July 2019

Aim:

The aim of this study was to ascertain the relation between surface electrical potential and the presence of cancer in the buccal mucosa and their correlation.

Materials and methods

A device was designed to measure the skin potentials on the face, and various head and neck carcinomas can be detected in a noninvasive way. The present study is a case control study in the ratio 1:1, comprising two groups of 10 individuals each. The two distinct groups of the study are as follows:

1. Normal subjects group consisting of individuals with no habit of tobacco, with the absence of any lesion active or passive on the skin or buccal mucosa.

2. Cancer patients group consisting of individuals attending the head and neck services at the Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, with the habit of tobacco consumption and having a lesion on the buccal mucosa with biopsy confirming diagnosis of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC).

Results

Sites of SCC were significantly electropositive compared with control sites in normal tissue. But noncancerous lesions yielded no potential difference between the lesion and control sites.

Conclusion

The skin surface potential values are maintained in an individual with no cancerogenesis, whereas in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) the lesion values are more electropositive than the surrounding areas. This can be used to detect OSCC.

Significance: The device designed is patient-compliant and can be used in cancers of breast, colon, etc. More research work is recommended on skin surface potentials.

How to cite this article

Vahanwala SP, Mukherji S, Dhawangale A, Agrawal S. Biopotential Assessment—An Alternative in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Diagnostics: A Study. Int J Head Neck Surg 2015;6(4):168-174.
To Swab or Not to Swab: Appropriate Medical Advice Regarding Self-Ear-Cleaning
Authors: Sperling Neil M , Portnoy William M
Published: July 2019

Aim:

We seek to review the medical literature and explore the cultural practices and lore of self-ear-cleaning to arrive at appropriate medical advice for our patients.

Background

The medical consensus recommends against the practice of self-ear-cleaning as it may lead to complications or injury. There is a wide gap between the recommendations of the medical community and the general public's perception about ear-cleaning habits. Despite ample advice, the practice of ear cleaning with swabs is pervasive.

Review results

A review of the available medical literature reveals a few articles that associate self-ear-clearing with injury. Even fewer articles provide data as to the prevalence of self-ear-cleaning making the relative risk of such a practice difficult to ascertain. Despite this scarcity of data, most authors continue to advocate for avoiding the practice of self-ear-cleaning.

Clinical significance

In light of the ubiquitous use of cotton tip swabs, the practice of self-ear-cleaning deserves additional medical evaluation to identify safe and acceptable procedures regarding contemporary hygiene of the ear. It appears likely that medical advice for self-ear-cleaning has been disproportionately influenced by the unusual adverse outcomes that are possible rather than evidence-based guidelines.

How to cite this article

Sperling NM, Portnoy WM. To Swab or Not to Swab: Appropriate Medical Advice Regarding Self-Ear-Cleaning. Int J Head Neck Surg 2016;7(1):1-4.
A Brief History of Local Anesthesia
Authors: Nathan John , Asadourian Lynda , Erlich Mark A
Published: July 2019

Mankind has, throughout its existence, been engaged in the quest to control the pain associated with disease and trauma. Evidence from over 4500 years ago demonstrates the Egyptians use of methods to compress peripheral nerves. Homer's Iliad relates the use of herbal remedies for pain control. Other early writings describe the use of electricity generated by the Torpedo ray for pain control as well as cold water and ice for pain reduction. These techniques, in their various incarnations, comprised the main armamentarium of local pain control until the early 1800's when the early framework for the hypodermic syringe emerged in America. Cocaine, noted for its stimulant effect as well as numbing properties, was first brought to Europe by Vespucci. The combination of a workable syringe and the purification of Cocaine by Niemann essentially gave birth to modern local anesthesia. Halsted would perform the first injections of cocaine via hypodermic syringe into a proximal nerve for distal pain control, introducing modern conduction local anesthesia. All that remained was the introduction of numerous blockers of nerve depolarization, combined with vasoconstrictors, to minimize systemic toxicity, and we arrive at the modern state of local anesthesia.

How to cite this article

Nathan J, Asadourian L, Erlich MA. A Brief History of Local Anesthesia. Int J Head Neck Surg 2016; 7(1):29-32.
Dermatologic Manifestation of Streptococcal Infection: Tonsillectomy as a Treatment for Guttate Psoriasis
Authors: Ferzli George , Bentsianov Boris
Published: July 2019

Psoriasis is a chronic dermatologic inflammatory disease characterized by scaly patches. Guttate psoriasis is characterized by numerous erythematous lesions measuring from 1 to 5 mm in diameter and most commonly found along the extremities and trunk. This type of psoriasis has been closely linked with preceding or concurrent streptococcal infections. There have been few studies demonstrating the role of tonsillectomy as a treatment option for guttate psoriasis. Adding to the literature of previously reported cases, we describe a case of a 28-year-old male with recurrent episodes of guttate psoriasis treated with tonsillectomy.

How to cite this article

Ferzli G, Bentsianov B. Dermatologic Manifestation of Streptococcal Infection: Tonsillectomy as a Treatment for Guttate Psoriasis. Int J Head Neck Surg 2016;7(1):51-52.
A Study of Clinical Profile of Intracerebral Hemorrhage and ENT Manifestations and its Surgical Outcome
Authors: Sidram Vishwanath , Kumar PC Chandra , Raghavendra Bellara
Published: July 2019

Introduction

The aim of this study is to study the clinical profile and outcome of primary and secondary intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) and to study the different parameters that affect the outcome.

Materials and methods

A total of 40 patients who were diagnosed to have ICH, both primary and secondary, by computed tomography scan were included in the study. Among the selected patients, the clinical profile, radiological profile, and the modality of treatment undertaken and the outcome were noted. Outcome variables included survived [improvement in the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS)], death, and vegetative state. The outcome variable was compared with respect to age, sex, GCS, etiology, location of the hematoma, and the modality of treatment to find out any statistically significant difference in the rate of outcomes.

Results

The mean age of the patients was 36.78 ± 18.5 years; mean GCS at the time of presentation was 9.05 ± 1.82. Common causes of ICH were trauma (57.5%) and hypertension (25%). Significant association was found between outcome and age group, GCS, etiology of ICH, and location of the bleed. Poor outcome was associated with GCS ≤ 8 (40%), >50 years of age (45.5%), hypertension (50%), and basal ganglia bleed (50%). Best outcome was seen in patients with GCS ≥9, a lobar bleed, and trauma as the cause of ICH where the patient survival was 90%.

Conclusion

In case of ICH depending upon the clinical and radiological profile, the treatment should be individualized. The rates of survival and favorable outcome are better in patients with GCS ≥ 9, a lobar bleed, and trauma as the cause of ICH.

How to cite this article

Sidram V, Kumar PCC, Raghavendra B. A Study of Clinical Profile of Intracerebral Hemorrhage and ENT Manifestations and its Surgical Outcome. Int J Head Neck Surg 2017;8(1):5-10.
Does the Position of External Branch of Superior Laryngeal Nerve change with the Height of the Patients and the Length of the Larynx
Authors: Senanayake Kithsiri J , Fernando Ranil , Salgado Sujatha , Jayanthi Manjula
Published: July 2019

When the external branch of superior laryngeal nerve (EBSLN) crosses the superior thyroid artery closer to thyroid upper pole, the EBSLN has a higher risk of getting damaged. Its anatomical position in relation to thyroid upper pole may vary with changing the height of patient and the length of larynx. We intended to test this hypothesis and predict the risk. Thirty cadavers of both sexes are dissected (29-87 years, mean 69). One cadaver excluded due to a goiter and five nerves were damaged during dissection. Therefore, 53 nerves were studied. The distance from upper pole of thyroid to the point where the nerve crosses the superior thyroid artery (TS) was measured. Cadaver length (CL), cricothyroid length (CT) and the cricohyoid length (CH) measured to the closest millimeter. Correlation of TS with CL, CT and CH was measured. The mean distance from the upper pole of the thyroid to the point where EBSLN crosses superior thyroid artery was 6.24 mm (SD 5.94). On right side, the mean distance was 4.03 mm (SD 5.34) and, on the left, 8.37 mm (SD 5.7 mm). The difference between two means was significant at 0.05 (t = 2.82, p = 0.007). There was a strong correlation between distance from the upper pole of the thyroid to the point where the nerve crosses the superior thyroid artery with CL (r = 0.98). There was moderate correlation with the CT and CH lengths (r = 0.55, 0.58 respectively). The position of EBSLN in relation to thyroid upper pole is strongly correlated with the height of the patient. The EBSLN crosses superior thyroid artery more closely to thyroid upper pole in right side.

How to cite this article

Senanayake KJ, Fernando R, Salgado S, Jayanthi M. Does the Position of External Branch of Superior Laryngeal Nerve change with the Height of the Patients and the Length of the Larynx. World J Endocr Surg 2012;4(1):1-2.
Surgeon-Performed Ultrasound in Primary Hyperparathyroidism: A Prospective Study of 204 Consecutive Patients
Authors: Al-Askari Mohamed , Gough Jenny , Stringer Kate M , Gough Ian R
Published: July 2019

A prospective study was conducted to assess the value of surgeon-performed ultrasound (SUS) in primary hyperparathyroidism. A total of 204 consecutive patients were studied prospectively with surgeon performed neck ultrasound. The results were compared with sestamibi nuclear scintigraphy (SNS) and radiologist-performed ultrasound (RUS) and correlated with the operative findings. SUS was true positive in 173 of 204 (85%), false positive in two (1%), false negative in 23 (11%), and true negative in six (2.5%) in patients, where the gland was inaccessible by US (sensitivity 88%, PPV 98%). SNS was true positive in 126 of 188 (67%), false positive in 3%, and false negative in 30% (sensitivity 69%, PPV 95%). RUS was true positive in 57 of 139 (40%), false positive in 5%, false negative in 52% and true negative in 3% (sensitivity 43%, PPV 89%). Comparing correct localization with incorrect localization by the Fisher's exact test, SUS was superior to SNS (p < 0.0001) and to RUS (p < 0.0001). 116 patients had bilateral neck exploration and 88 had open focused minimally invasive surgery. Five percent had multigland disease and 97% were cured after one operation. SUS was the only imaging modality in 16 patients and was sufficiently convincing to allow minimally invasive parathyroidectomy in eight. Surgeons treating hyperparathyroidism should find SUS a valuable tool. In our experience, SUS was more accurate than RUS whose costeffectiveness is questionable.

How to cite this article

Al-Askari M, Gough J, Stringer KM, Gough IR. Surgeon-Performed Ultrasound in Primary Hyperparathyroidism: A Prospective Study of 204 Consecutive Patients. World J Endocr Surg 2012;4(1):8-12.
Diagnosing Microscopic Black Thyroid with Fine Needle Aspiration: Rare but Possible
Authors: Stoopen-Margain Enrique , Aroesty Sofia Valanci , Montesinos Lorenzo Soler , Martinez Leopoldo Castaneda , Baquera Javier , Miracle Sigfrido
Published: July 2019

Finding a black thyroid is unusual and disconcerting. It is usually induced by chronic minocycline therapy. To this day, no more than 100 cases have been published. Most patients remain asymptomatic and the diagnosis is made incidentally, normally a black thyroid is discovered macroscopically, in this case, we present a microscopically diagnosed black thyroid. A wide variety of causes should be taken into consideration before making the definite diagnosis.

How to cite this article

Stoopen-Margain E, Aroesty SV, Montesinos LS, Martinez LC, Baquera J, Miracle S. Diagnosing Microscopic Black Thyroid with Fine Needle Aspiration: Rare but Possible. World J Endocr Surg 2012;4(1):13-14.
Large and Long Standing Cavernous Hemangioma of Cheek
Authors: Verma Hitesh
Published: July 2019

Cavernous hemangiomas are relatively rare vascular malformations especially in an adult. The childhood hemangioma generally regresses spontaneously. We present the case report of a 52-year-old male patient, who had a hemangioma from the childhood and it had grown to such a large size so as to cause extreme cosmetic deformity for the patient. The long standing duration of almost 45 years and the extremely large size of the hemangioma make it a very rare case.

How to cite this article

Gupta N, Verma H. Large and Long Standing Cavernous Hemangioma of Cheek. Int J Otorhinolaryngol Clin 2013;5(2):91-93.