bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Preservation of Sensitive Data Using Multi-Level Blockchain-based Secured Framework for Edge Network Devices
Authors: Awasthi Charu , Mishra Prashant Kumar , Pal Pawan Kumar , Khan Surbhi Bhatia , Agarwal Ambuj Kumar , Gadekallu Thippa Reddy , Malibari Areej A.
Published: November 2023

The proliferation of IoT devices has influenced end users in several aspects. Yottabytes (YB) of information are being produced in the IoT environs because of the ever-increasing utilization capacity of the Internet. Since sensitive information, as well as privacy problems, always seem to be an unsolved problem, even with best-in-class in-formation governance standards, it is difficult to bolster defensive security capabilities. Secure data sharing across disparate systems is made possible by blockchain technology, which operates on a decentralized computing paradigm. In the ever-changing IoT environments, blockchain technology provides irreversibility (immutability) usage across a wide range of services and use cases. Therefore, blockchain technology can be leveraged to securely hold private information, even in the dynamicity context of the IoT. However, as the rate of change in IoT networks accelerates, every potential weak point in the system is exposed, making it more challenging to keep sensitive data se-cure. In this study, we adopted a Multi-level Blockchain-based Secured Framework (M-BSF) to provide multi-level protection for sensitive data in the face of threats to IoT-based networking systems. The envisioned M-BSF framework incorporates edge-level, fog-level, and cloud-level security. At edge- and fog-level security, baby kyber and scaling kyber cryptosystems are applied to ensure data preservation. Kyber is a cryptosystem scheme that adopts public-key encryption and private-key decryption processes. Each block of the blockchain uses the cloud-based Argon-2di hashing method for cloud-level data storage, providing the highest level of confidentiality. Argon-2di is a stable hashing algorithm that uses a hybrid approach to access the memory that relied on dependent and independent memory features. Based on the attack-resistant rate (> 96%), computational cost (in time), and other main metrics, the proposed M-BSF security architecture appears to be an acceptable alternative to the current methodologies.
Privacy-aware document retrieval with two-level inverted indexing
Authors: Qiao Yifan , Ji Shiyu , Wang Changhai , Shao Jinjin , Yang Tao
Published: November 2023

Previous work on privacy-aware ranking has addressed the minimization of information leakage when scoring top k documents, and has not studied on how to retrieve these top documents and their features for ranking. This paper proposes a privacy-aware document retrieval scheme with a two-level inverted index structure. In this scheme, posting records are grouped with bucket tags and runtime query processing produces query-specific tags in order to gather encoded features of matched documents with a privacy protection during index traversal. To thwart leakage-abuse attacks, our design minimizes the chance that a server processes unauthorized queries or identifies document sharing across posting lists through index inspection or across-query association. This paper presents the evaluation and analytic results of the proposed scheme to demonstrate the tradeoffs in its design considerations for privacy, efficiency, and relevance.
Eco-friendly Modified Biopolymers for Enhancing Oil Production: A Review
Authors: Abou-alfitooh Samah A. M. , El-hoshoudy A. N.
Published: November 2023

Biopolymers are gaining increased attention in the industry due to their unique characteristics, including being cost-effective, environmentally friendly, and biodegradable. It is also worth noting that natural polymers can be obtained in significant quantities from various renewable sources, whereas synthetic polymers are derived from non-renewable petroleum resources. Enhanced oil recovery (EOR) using biopolymers such as galactomannan, xanthan, welan gum, acacia gum, carboxy methyl cellulose, and corn starch is a developing trend and is projected to replace synthetic polymers (hydrophobically associated polyacrylamides) in the nearby future. The choice of polymers to be utilized in EOR technologies should be based on their cost and availability in addition to their functional properties. Biopolymers in enhanced oil recovery serve to enhance the mobility ratio by increasing the viscosity of displacing fluid and reducing permeability. Even though biopolymers have a tough structure and long polysaccharide chains that make them suitable for enduring severe reservoir conditions, they are highly susceptible to bacterial destruction. In this comprehensive review, we have illustrated the different techniques used to enhance the performance of biopolymers (xanthan gum, guar gum, and starch) in enhanced oil recovery and create new composites that can overcome the challenges faced by these biopolymers under reservoir conditions. We have found that the most famous and favorable techniques used in this approach are, grafting copolymerization, nanocomposites functionalization, amphiphilic style, and hydrogel formation. The review also discussed some other biopolymers (carboxy methyl cellulose, welan gum, and acacia gum) that can be utilized to improve oil recovery and evaluated how widely they have been applied in this field. In this review, we have addressed several important issues (knowledge gaps) that have not been covered in recent studies. We have also provided recommendations and prospects for the successful future implementation of these composites in the EOR field. In conclusion, we hope that this review will help in better understanding the use of these modified biopolymers for enhanced oil recovery (EOR).
Aquatic invertebrate mandibles and sclerotized remains in Quaternary lake sediments
Authors: Courtney-Mustaphi Colin J. , Steiner Enrica , von Fumetti Stefanie , Heiri Oliver
Published: November 2023

Subfossil remains of aquatic invertebrates found in lacustrine sediments are useful paleoenvironmental indicators. Strongly scleroticized chitinous body parts from the exoskeleton or exuviae from invertebrates are often the most resistant to degradation during syn- and post-depositional processes. Invertebrate mandibles and body parts that superficially resemble mandibles, such as claw-like appendages and pygopodia, are frequently found in sieved Quaternary lacustrine, palustrine, and deltaic sediments. Guides, catalogs and atlases have been published that are well suited for the identification of subfossil remains for several invertebrate groups, such as chironomids, cladocerans, and ostracods, among others. However, aquatic invertebrate remains of several ecologically important invertebrate groups continue to be underused in paleoenvironmental studies, in part, because there are few visual keys or other documentation sources (e.g. descriptions, catalogs or atlases) that increase awareness and facilitate identification. Here we present sets of digital photomicrographs of pre-identified aquatic invertebrate specimens collected from streams, lakes and ponds that have been chemically cleared to preserve structures that are observed in subfossil remains in sieved sediment samples, commonly the > 100 μm size fractions. In addition, we present examples of these structures from Quaternary lake-sediment samples and cite the dispersed literature that demonstrate that these remains are preserved and remain identifiable in the fossil record. We document mandibles from several taxonomic groups that include Crustacea: Amphipoda, Isopoda, Ostracoda, and Notostraca; and Insecta orders: Coleoptera, Diptera, Ephemeroptera, Hemiptera, Odonata, Lepidoptera, Megaloptera, Plecoptera, and Trichoptera. The compilation of microphotographs also includes pygopodia and claw appendages of Plecoptera and Trichoptera, with additional images of other common invertebrate mouthpart and head remains. We describe several types of fossilizing structures that are, to our knowledge, not previously described in the paleoecological literature (e.g. mandibles of amphipods or plecopterans) but also show that some structures are considerably more variable than expected based on available descriptions, such as the mandibles of Ephemeroptera or Trichoptera, and that these can potentially be separated into different morphotypes useful for identification of subfossil material. We also discuss the potential of analyzing and interpreting the additional remains together with the remains of more commonly analyzed invertebrate groups (e.g. Chironomidae) to contribute to paleoenvironmental interpretations, which will allow assessments of functional groups (e.g. predators, shredders, grazers) or habitat types (e.g. littoral, profundal or lotic environments) that aquatic invertebrate remains originate from.
Loneliness: From Absence of Other to Disruption of Self
Authors: Motta Valeria N.
Published: November 2023

Loneliness is more complex and multi-faceted than it may appear at first glance. Most of the characterizations that we have of loneliness in the extant literature tend to focus on the absence of other people and on the social, mental, and physical distress that can be caused by this type of absence. Although the experience of absence may be a fundamental and encompassing aspect of loneliness, loneliness may also reflect a deeper, more complex experience. This paper integrates data from a qualitative study on the phenomenology of loneliness with philosophical theories on the self. It argues that there is a connection between the experience of absence and the impossibility to appear in the world and that this may consequentially lead to the disruption of self-experience.
Citizens Shaping Complex Technological Issues? Participatory Processes in Bioeconomic and Biotechnological Contexts
Authors: Bohn Carolin , Fuchs Doris , Hasenkamp Victoria , Siepker Lena
Published: November 2023

In sustainability governance, the reliance on deliberative participatory processes has greatly increased over the last decades due to expectations that such processes can mobilize additional creative potential, foster better understanding of problems and acceptance of the costs of relevant solutions, and mediate the decline in traditional forms of participation. However, in complex technological contexts such as bioeconomics and, especially, biotechnology, participatory processes are still rare, at least partly because of concerns that citizens might lack the necessary information and skills. Yet bioeconomic innovation trajectories often imply societal, political, and economic changes that also affect citizens’ lifestyles and budgets and may cohere or conflict with individual and collective norms. Thus, citizen participation in relevant deliberations and decisions would seem opportune. In this paper, we therefore inquire into the potential and challenges for participatory processes in bioeconomic contexts. Specifically, we identify pivotal criteria for the democratic quality of relevant participatory processes on the basis of the rich literature on citizen participation in sustainability governance. We then explore how (well) these criteria can be achieved in participatory processes on the bioeconomy and biotechnological innovation strategies, drawing on two such processes we carried out in 2021 and 2022. On this basis, we propose further questions and implications for research and practice.
High-Strength Dissimilar Welds Between a NiTi Shape Memory Alloy and Titanium Obtained by Intermixing Niobium Using Pulsed Laser Beam Welding
Authors: Wiegand M. , Sommer N. , Marks L. , Böhm S.
Published: November 2023

Joining of NiTi shape memory alloys with commercially pure titanium (Ti) is of great interest for manifold industrial applications. However, dissimilar fusion welding of these materials is associated with the formation of extremely brittle intermetallic compounds, e.g., Ti2Ni and TiNi3, which drastically limit the mechanical properties of NiTi/Ti joints. The present investigation seeks to improve both chemical compatibility and mechanical performance through intermixing of a niobium foil as filler material into a NiTi/Nb/Ti butt-joint configuration by means of pulsed laser beam welding. Different pulse durations are applied to tailor intermixing and evaluate the deviating chemical compositions of the weld metal. It is demonstrated that intermixing of niobium significantly increases the weldability of the material combination NiTi/Ti compared to autogenous welding. However, the proportion of intermixed filler material exerts a substantial impact on the microstructural evolution and mechanical properties. Ultimate tensile strengths of up to 679 MPa with fracture occurring in the titanium base metal at an elongation at break of 18.7 pct is obtained by a reduction of the pulse duration, which represents a major improvement over previous studies focusing on fusion welding of NiTi to titanium and its alloys.
An Alternative Approach Using Nano-garlic Emulsion and its Synergy with Antibiotics for Controlling Biofilm-Producing Multidrug-Resistant Salmonella in Chicken
Authors: El-Demerdash Azza S. , Orady Rania M. , Matter Ahmed A. , Ebrahem Amera F.
Published: November 2023

Surface-growing antibiotic-resistant pathogenic Salmonella is emerging as a global health challenge due to its high economic loss in the poultry industry. Their pathogenesis, increasing antimicrobial resistance, and biofilm formation make them challenging to treat with traditional therapy. The identification of antimicrobial herbal ingredients may provide valuable solutions to solve this problem. Therefore, our aim is to evaluate the potency of nano garlic as the  alternative of choice against multidrug-resistant (MDR) Salmonella isolates using disc diffusion and microdilution assays. Then, checkerboard titration in trays was applied, and FIC was measured to identify the type of interaction between the two antimicrobials. A disc diffusion assay revealed that neomycin was the drug of choice. The range of nano garlic MIC was 12.5–25 μg/ml, while the neomycin MIC range was 32–64 μg/ml. The FIC index established a synergistic association between the two tested drugs in 85% of isolates. An experimental model was used including nano garlic and neomycin alone and in combination against Salmonella infection. The combination therapy significantly improved body productivity and inhibited biofilm formation by more than 50% down regulating the CsgBAD, motB, and sipA operons, which are responsible for curli fimbriae production and biofilm formation in Salmonella serotypes.
Postautonome Literatur?
Authors: Blome Eva
Published: November 2023

Der Beitrag geht der Frage nach, was ein Konzept von Postautonomie gegenüber demjenigen der Heteronomie für die Beschreibung aktueller Tendenzen der Gegenwartsliteratur leisten könnte. Argumentiert wird, dass eine Beobachtung von Gegenwartsliteratur und Literarizität davon profitiert, an frühere theoretische und literarische Entwürfe zum Verhältnis von Ästhetik und Gesellschaft angebunden zu werden.
Arbeitsbedingungen und gesundheitliche Beschwerden in Basisarbeit: Eine sektorübergreifende Untersuchung im Dienstleistungsbereich
Authors: Lück Marcel , Hünefeld Lena , Kaboth Arthur
Published: November 2023

In diesem Beitrag werden Arbeitsanforderungen, Ressourcen und Gesundheit von Basisarbeitenden in den Dienstleistungssektoren Handel, Finanzwesen und öffentliche Dienstleistungen untersucht. Als Datengrundlage dient die aktuelle Erhebung der BIBB/BAuA-Erwerbstätigenbefragung 2018, eine repräsentative Querschnittsbefragung von Erwerbstätigen in Deutschland. Neben Varianzanalysen wurden multivariate Regressionen zum Zusammenhang von Arbeitsbedingungen und psychosomatischer sowie muskuloskelettaler Gesundheit durchgeführt. Die Ergebnisse verweisen auf eine sektorspezifische Ausprägung von Anforderungen, Ressourcen und gesundheitlichen Beschwerden bei Basisarbeitenden. Übergreifend wird deutlich, dass in allen drei Sektoren emotionale Belastung eine zentrale Rolle für das Aufkommen psychosomatischer Beschwerden einnimmt. Die Ergebnisse verdeutlichen unter anderem die Wichtigkeit der Durchführung der Gefährdungsbeurteilung psychischer Belastung und dies unter Einbezug aller Tätigkeitsgruppen.

Praktische Relevanz: Basisarbeitende im Dienstleistungsbereich sind vielseitigen Anforderungen ausgesetzt, die ein gesundheitliches Risiko darstellen. Das Wissen zum Zusammenhang von Arbeitsbedingungen und Gesundheit ist eine entscheidende Voraussetzung für die angemessene Gestaltung der Basisarbeit. Hier identifizierte Prädiktoren können explizit in der Arbeitsgestaltung, der Gefährdungsbeurteilung oder in den Maßnahmen betrieblicher Gesundheitsförderung berücksichtigt werden.
Iron-doped catalyst synthesis in heterogeneous Fenton like process for dye degradation and removal: optimization using response surface methodology
Authors: Adachi Abderrazzak , El Ouadrhiri Faiçal , Saleh Ebraheem Abdu Musad , Althomali Raed H. , Kassem Asmaa F. , Ibtissam El Manssouri , Moharam Marwa Mostafa , Husain Kakul , Eloutassi Noureddine , Lahkimi Amal
Published: November 2023

Iron-doped hydrochar can effectively remove the methyl orange dye (MO). In this study, iron-doped hydrochar (5% Fe@BC) was successfully synthesized through a two-step hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) process, using FeSO4.7H2O and sawdust. It was subsequently employed for MO removal. The characterization of the synthesized Fenton-like catalyst (5% Fe@BC) was conducted, using scanning electron microscopy, Fourier-transform infrared and X-ray diffraction techniques to confirm the presence of iron species. The effects of different operating parameters such as catalyst mass, H2O2 concentration, solution pH, organic pollutant concentration, and reaction temperature have been examined. The Box-Behnken design combined with three factors: catalyst mass X1, temperature X2, organic pollutant concentration X3. The response surface methodology coupled with Box-Behnken Design was used to optimize the key variables and response. With this approach, an exhaustive assessment of the variables influencing the optimization process was performed. A significant quadratic model was generated through analysis of variance with a P-value of 0.0001 and an R2 of 0.99. This confirms a strong relationship between the variables and the response, as well as a high level of model predictability. The optimum conditions were achieved with a catalyst mass of 0.5 g/L, a temperature of 35.5 °C, and an MO concentration of 50 mg/L. The result indicates that 93% of the discoloration efficiency was achieved within 60 min under the optimal conditions. Iron doping in the (5% Fe@BC) plays a crucial role in the degradation and removal of MO. Therefore, the 5% Fe@BC prepared from sawdust and iron salts (FeSO4·7H2O) through a two-step HTC process is an inexpensive and effective catalyst for removing organic pollutant from aqueous solutions, using heterogeneous Fenton-like process.
Merge and the Strong Minimalist Thesis
Authors: Chomsky Noam , Seely T. Daniel , Berwick Robert C. , Fong Sandiway , Huybregts M. A. C. , Kitahara Hisatsugu , McInnerney Andrew , Sugimoto Yushi
Published: November 2023

The goal of this contribution to the Elements series is to closely examine Merge, its form, its function, and its central role in current linguistic theory. It explores what it does (and does not do), why it has the form it has, and its development over time. The basic idea behind Merge is quite simple. However, Merge interacts, in intricate ways, with other components including the language's interfaces, laws of nature, and certain language-specific conditions. Because of this, and because of its fundamental place in the human faculty of language, this Element's focus on Merge provides insights into the goals and development of generative grammar more generally, and its prospects for the future.
Motherhood
Authors: Miller Tina
Published: November 2023

As the competing demands of care and paid work become increasingly complex, has there ever been a more challenging time to be a woman and a mother? Comparing two studies conducted across two generations, Motherhood explores women's experiences of becoming first-time mothers. Through richly narrated, real-time accounts of transition, Tina Miller examines what has changed since her original study was conducted twenty-one years ago. Using sociological and feminist perspectives, she analyses how motherhood has further intensified against a harsher neoliberal backdrop. The book examines the social, political and moral contours in which motherhood is situated which, in the contemporary context, include ideas of planned labours and work/life balance as part of potent, maternal prenatal imaginings. Birth continues to change everything, and the qualitative, longitudinal and comparative data show these ideas to be, mostly, illusory.
Fiction Beyond Words: Music in J. M. Coetzee’s Jesus Novels
Authors: Mudura Diana
Published: November 2023

J. M. Coetzee’s late work exhibits a productive dialogue between fiction and other arts as part of his interest in the possibilities of thinking in mediums other than ordinary language. Focusing particularly on the Jesus novels, this article examines the critical role of music and how Coetzee uses musical forms as literary strategies that open up alternative possibilities of communication and thinking. Revisiting the famous “What is a Classic?” essay and the biographical moment that leads Coetzee to the music of J. S. Bach, I look at how Coetzee writes musically by considering questions of content, form, and technique, and then turn to the representation of music in relation to mathematics. I propose that the interest in music in the Jesus novels is part of his conscious engagement with ordinary language and his inherent desire to transcend it that characterizes the late work.
Comparison of different PCR amplification targets for molecular diagnosis of Strongyloides stercoralis
Authors: Marquet F. , Mora N. , Incani R.N. , Jesus J. , Méndez N. , Mujica R. , Trosel H. , Ferrer E.
Published: November 2023

Molecular techniques are an alternative for the diagnosis of strongyloidiasis, produced by Strongyloides stercoralis. However, it is necessary to determine the best amplification target for the populations of this parasite present in a geographical area and standardize a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) protocol for its detection. The objectives of this work were the comparison of different PCR targets for molecular detection of S. stercoralis and the standardization of a PCR protocol for the selected target with the best diagnostic results. DNA extraction was performed from parasite larvae by saline precipitation. Three amplification targets of the genes encoding ribosomal RNA 18S (18S rDNA) and 5.8S (5.8S rDNA) and cytochrome oxidase 1 (COX1) of S. stercoralis were compared, and the PCR reaction conditions for the best target were standardized (concentration of reagents and template DNA, hybridization temperature, and number of cycles). The analytical sensitivity and specificity of the technique were determined. DNA extraction by saline precipitation made it possible to obtain DNA of high purity and integrity. The ideal target was the 5.8S rDNA, since the 18S rDNA yielded non-reproducible results and COX1 never amplified under any condition tested. The optimal conditions for the 5.8S rDNA-PCR were: 1.5 mM MgCl2, 100 μM dNTPs, 0.4 μM primers, and 0.75 U DNA polymerase, using 35 cycles and a hybridization temperature of 60 °C. The analytical sensitivity of the PCR was 1 attogram of DNA, and the specificity was 100%. Consequently, the 5.8S rDNA was shown to be highly sensitive and specific for the detection of S. stercoralis DNA.
Virtual temporal bone simulators and their use in surgical training: a narrative review
Authors: Bolton Lauren , Young Kenneth , Ray Jaydip , Chawdhary Gaurav
Published: November 2023

Objective

Temporal bone dissection is a difficult skill to acquire, and the challenge has recently been further compounded by a reduction in conventional surgical training opportunities during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. Consequently, there has been renewed interest in ear simulation as an adjunct to surgical training for trainees. We review the state-of-the-art virtual temporal bone simulators for surgical training.

Materials and methods

A narrative review of the current literature was performed following a Medline search using a pre-determined search strategy.

Results and analysis

Sixty-one studies were included. There are five validated temporal bone simulators: Voxel-Man, CardinalSim, Ohio State University Simulator, Melbourne University's Virtual Reality Surgical Simulation and Visible Ear Simulator. The merits of each have been reviewed, alongside their role in surgical training.

Conclusion

Temporal bone simulators have been demonstrated to be useful adjuncts to conventional surgical training methods and are likely to play an increasing role in the future.
ResearchMonitor
Authors: Mels Roel
Published: November 2023

TRG Screen's Global Director of Marketing Roel Mels talks LIM through ResearchMonitor, a tool that allows legal information professionals and lawyers to keep track of and manage their subscriptions.
Accessing Legal Information in Malaysian Law Firm Libraries
Authors: Bakar Qudri Ali Abu
Published: November 2023

The advancement of technology has drastically changed the way information is being stored in the law library. With current technology, many have found that legal information is easy to retrieve from federal or state government websites in Malaysia. But while federal legislation can be accessed via the internet, some of the law cannot be accessed for the public to review or download. Also, older law is unavailable from the federal gazette website, and it is crucial for the lawyer or law librarian to publicly access it. This paper, by Qudri Ali Abu Bakar, discusses the restriction of access to legal information and looks at some alternative ways of gaining full access to federal and state law in Malaysia.
Accidental vitamin D3 overdose in a young man
Authors: Nekoukar Zahra , Manouchehri Aliasghar , Zakariaei Zakaria
Published: November 2023

Abstract: Vitamin D3 (VD3) is a fat-soluble vitamin that can accumulate in the body and lead to toxicity by increasing 25(OH) D levels when consumed in large amounts. Maintaining 25(OH) D levels greater than 30 ng/mL is crucial for overall health due to the significant role of vitamin D in the body. The most common causes of VD3 intoxication are manufacturing errors or self-administration. Currently, there is no definitive data on the dose and duration of VD3 consumption that leads to toxicity. The maximum daily doses of VD3 that can be tolerated without causing adverse effects are not established. The maximum recommended amount for long-term supplementation is 2,000 units per day. Vitamin D3 toxicity (VDT) can present in various scenarios, ranging from asymptomatic to gastrointestinal, and in severe cases with neuropsychiatric and life-threatening symptoms. We report the case of a 29-year-old man who presented with symptoms of VDT following an accidental overdose of VD3 over 2 weeks.
Potential Non‐Linearities in the High Latitude Circulation and Ozone Response to Stratospheric Aerosol Injection
Authors: Bednarz Ewa M. , Visioni Daniele , Butler Amy H. , Kravitz Ben , MacMartin Douglas G. , Tilmes Simone
Published: November 2023

The impacts of Stratospheric Aerosol Injection (SAI) on the atmosphere and surface climate depend on when and where the sulfate aerosol precursors are injected, as well as on how much surface cooling is to be achieved. We use a set of CESM2(WACCM6) SAI simulations achieving three different levels of global mean surface cooling and demonstrate that unlike some direct surface climate impacts driven by the reflection of solar radiation by sulfate aerosols, the SAI‐induced changes in the high latitude circulation and ozone are more complex and could be non‐linear. This manifests in our simulations by disproportionally larger Antarctic springtime ozone loss, significantly larger intra‐ensemble spread of the Arctic stratospheric jet and ozone responses, and non‐linear impacts on the extratropical modes of surface climate variability under the strongest‐cooling SAI scenario compared to the weakest one. These potential non‐linearities may add to uncertainties in projections of regional surface impacts under SAI.
Analytical Approach to Two‐Dimensional Full Reflections of Fast Magnetosonic Waves Due To Mesoscale Density Boundaries
Authors: Yu Xiongdong , Yuan Zhigang , Yao Fei
Published: November 2023

Propagation of fast magnetosonic (MS) waves in the equatorial plane has attracted a growing attention in recent studies. Although computer simulations including ray tracing, PIC, and full wave simulations have been utilized to study the propagation of MS waves, analytical approach is needed to investigate the physics insight. In this letter, we first derive the wave equations describing the two‐dimensional propagation of MS waves under the assumption that the mesoscale density inhomogeneity is only along one dimensional. After investigating the essential role of the potential function in the wave equation for the full reflection of MS waves, we find that full reflection can occur when the minimum potential is significantly negative. Finally, we have discussed the effects of incidence angles and wave frequencies on the full reflection. Our results show that MS waves with an incidence angle or wave frequency greater than the critical value would be fully reflected.
Universal Time Effects on Substorm Growth Phases and Onsets
Authors: Lockwood M.
Published: November 2023

Universal Time (UT) variations in many magnetospheric state indicators and indices have recently been reviewed by Lockwood and Milan (2023, https://doi.org/10.3389/fspas.2023.1139295). Key effects are introduced into magnetospheric dynamics by the eccentric nature of Earth's magnetic field, features that cannot be reproduced by a geocentric field model. This paper studies the UT variation in the occurrence of substorm onsets and uses a simple Monte‐Carlo model to show how it can arise for an eccentric field model from the effect of the diurnal motions of Earth's poles on the part of the geomagnetic tail where substorms are initiated. These motions are in any reference frame that has an X axis that points from the center of the Earth to the center of the Sun and are caused by Earth's rotation. The premise behind the model is shown to be valid using a super‐posed epoch study of the conditions leading up to onset. These studies also show the surprising degree of preconditioning ahead of the growth phase that is required, on average, for onset to occur. A key factor is the extent to which pole motions caused by Earth's rotation influence the near‐Earth tail at the relevant X coordinate. Numerical simulations by a global MHD model of the magnetosphere reveal the effect required to generate the observed UT variations and with right order of amplitude, albeit too small by a factor of about one third. Reasons why this discrepancy may have arisen for the simulations used are discussed.
Multi‐Scale Observation of Magnetotail Reconnection Onset: 2. Microscopic Dynamics
Authors: Genestreti Kevin J. , Farrugia Charles J. , Lu San , Vines Sarah K. , Reiff Patricia H. , Phan Tai , Baker Daniel N. , Leonard Trevor W. , Burch James L. , Bingham Samuel T. , Cohen Ian J. , Shuster Jason R. , Gershman Daniel J. , Mouikis Christopher G. , Rogers Anthony J. , Torbert Roy B. , Trattner Karlheinz J. , Webster James M. , Chen Li‐Jen , Giles Barbara L. , Ahmadi Narges , Ergun Robert E. , Russell Christopher T. , Strangeway Robert J. , Nakamura Rumi , Turner Drew L.
Published: November 2023

We analyze the local dynamics of magnetotail reconnection onset using Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS) data. In conjunction with MMS, the macroscopic dynamics of this event were captured by a number of other ground and space‐based observatories, as is reported in a companion paper. We find that the local dynamics of the onset were characterized by the rapid thinning of the cross‐tail current sheet below the ion inertial scale, accompanied by the growth of flapping waves and the subsequent onset of electron tearing. Multiple kinetic‐scale magnetic islands were detected coincident with the growth of an initially sub‐Alfvénic, demagnetized tailward ion exhaust. The onset and rapid enhancement of parallel electron inflow at the exhaust boundary was a remote signature of the intensification of reconnection Earthward of the spacecraft. Two secondary reconnection sites are found embedded within the exhaust from a primary X‐line. The primary X‐line was designated as such on the basis that (a) while multiple jet reversals were observed in the current sheet, only one reversal of the electron inflow was observed at the high‐latitude exhaust boundary, (b) the reconnection electric field was roughly five times larger at the primary X‐line than the secondary X‐lines, and (c) energetic electron fluxes increased and transitioned from anti‐field‐aligned to isotropic during the primary X‐line crossing, indicating a change in magnetic topology. The results are consistent with the idea that a primary X‐line mediates the reconnection of lobe magnetic field lines and accelerates electrons more efficiently than its secondary X‐line counterparts.
Perturbation to North Atlantic Ocean‐Climate Dynamics Tripled Whitings Mud Production in the Bahamas
Authors: Oehlert Amanda M. , Hunter Heather , Riopelle Cameron , Purkis Sam J.
Published: November 2023

Profound changes in Earth's biogeochemical cycles are recorded in the sedimentology and geochemistry of carbonate sediments, with much of the early geological history of our planet recorded in carbonate mud precipitated from seawater. Despite their relevance for understanding early Earth, the trigger for whitings—carbonate spontaneously precipitated from the water column—remains intensely debated. Here, we used a neural network to map whitings imaged by daily MODIS Aqua satellite overpasses between 2003 and 2018 on Great Bahama Bank (GBB). Our results show that the frequency of whitings after 2011 increased by 3.3× compared to those recorded between 2003 and 2010, with the frequency of winter whitings increasing more than those in the summer. We contend that the period of increased whitings frequency was spurred by concurrent perturbations to the North Atlantic Oscillation, Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation, and the El Niño Southern Oscillation in 2010 that facilitated enhanced hydrodynamic mixing between the waters atop GBB and those that surround it. We conclude that whitings can exhibit a sensitive but non‐linear response to ocean‐atmosphere dynamics which is unlikely to be resolved in the geological record using conventional stratigraphic techniques. This pronounced fluctuation in mud production on short timescales contrasts with expectations of persistent tranquility in the depositional environments that produce lime mud. Our results suggest that long‐established links between ocean‐atmosphere dynamics and the lime mud budget through Earth history may require reevaluation.
Elevation‐Dependent Periglacial and Paraglacial Processes Modulate Tectonically‐Controlled Erosion of the Western Southern Alps, New Zealand
Authors: Roda‐Boluda Duna C. , Schildgen Taylor F. , Wittmann Hella , Tofelde Stefanie , Bufe Aaron , Prancevic Jeff , Hovius Niels
Published: November 2023

Examining the links and potential feedbacks between tectonics and climate requires understanding the processes and variables controlling erosion. At the orogen scale, tectonics and climate are thought to be linked through the influence of mountain elevation on orographic precipitation and glaciation; the only documented erosional processes capable of balancing rapid rock‐uplift rates are glacial erosion or coupled river incision and landsliding. Our 20 new 10Be derived catchment‐averaged denudation rates from the Western Southern Alps of New Zealand generally range between 0.6 and 9 mm/yr, within the same order of magnitude as fault‐throw rates, exhumation rates, and erosion rates estimated from suspended sediment yields and landslide inventories. Combining our data with previously published 10Be denudation rates, we find that the proportion of catchment area in the 1,500–2,000 m elevation window is the variable that best explains denudation rate variability and the disparity between rock‐uplift rates and denudation rates. This correlation indicates that enhanced erosion likely occurs at 1,500–2,000 m above sea level, where periglacial and paraglacial processes have been proposed to be most active. We find that these temperature‐controlled erosional processes, which are also elevation‐dependent, can play a greater role in modulating erosion during interglacials than precipitation or glaciation. Our data suggest that temperature‐controlled peri‐ and paraglacial erosion could be efficient enough to balance some of the fastest rock‐uplift rates on Earth. Hence, temperature‐controlled erosion could contribute to limiting orogen elevations and modulating the erosion rates dictated by rock‐uplift, playing an essential role in linking tectonics and climate.
The type II RAF inhibitor tovorafenib in relapsed/refractory pediatric low-grade glioma: the phase 2 FIREFLY-1 trial
Authors: Kilburn Lindsay B. , Khuong-Quang Dong-Anh , Hansford Jordan R. , Landi Daniel , van der Lugt Jasper , Leary Sarah E. S. , Driever Pablo Hernáiz , Bailey Simon , Perreault Sébastien , McCowage Geoffrey , Waanders Angela J. , Ziegler David S. , Witt Olaf , Baxter Patricia A. , Kang Hyoung Jin , Hassall Timothy E. , Han Jung Woo , Hargrave Darren , Franson Andrea T. , Yalon Oren Michal , Toledano Helen , Larouche Valérie , Kline Cassie , Abdelbaki Mohamed S. , Jabado Nada , Gottardo Nicholas G. , Gerber Nicolas U. , Whipple Nicholas S. , Segal Devorah , Chi Susan N. , Oren Liat , Tan Enrica E. K. , Mueller Sabine , Cornelio Izzy , McLeod Lisa , Zhao Xin , Walter Ashley , Da Costa Daniel , Manley Peter , Blackman Samuel C. , Packer Roger J. , Nysom Karsten
Published: November 2023

BRAFgenomic alterations are the most common oncogenic drivers in pediatric low-grade glioma (pLGG). Arm 1 (n = 77) of the ongoing phase 2 FIREFLY-1 (PNOC026) trial investigated the efficacy of the oral, selective, central nervous system–penetrant, type II RAF inhibitor tovorafenib (420 mg m−2once weekly; 600 mg maximum) in patients withBRAF-altered, relapsed/refractory pLGG. Arm 2 (n = 60) is an extension cohort, which provided treatment access for patients withRAF-altered pLGG after arm 1 closure. Based on independent review, according to Response Assessment in Neuro-Oncology High-Grade Glioma (RANO-HGG) criteria, the overall response rate (ORR) of 67% met the arm 1 prespecified primary endpoint; median duration of response (DOR) was 16.6 months; and median time to response (TTR) was 3.0 months (secondary endpoints). Other select arm 1 secondary endpoints included ORR, DOR and TTR as assessed by Response Assessment in Pediatric Neuro-Oncology Low-Grade Glioma (RAPNO) criteria and safety (assessed in all treated patients and the primary endpoint for arm 2,n = 137). The ORR according to RAPNO criteria (including minor responses) was 51%; median DOR was 13.8 months; and median TTR was 5.3 months. The most common treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs) were hair color changes (76%), elevated creatine phosphokinase (56%) and anemia (49%). Grade ≥3 TRAEs occurred in 42% of patients. Nine (7%) patients had TRAEs leading to discontinuation of tovorafenib. These data indicate that tovorafenib could be an effective therapy forBRAF-altered, relapsed/refractory pLGG. ClinicalTrials.gov registration:NCT04775485.
Liver transplantation using magnetic anastomosis in pigs
Authors: Lu Qiang , Liu Kang , Shi Ai-Hua , Zhang Wei , Wan Yong , Wu Rong-Qian , Lv Yi , Wang Shan-Pei
Published: November 2023

Magnetic anastomosis substantially shortens the duration of vascular anastomosis. We aimed to apply magnetic anastomosis technology (MAT) to donor liver implantations in pig orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT). Twenty healthy adult pigs were randomly divided into donors and recipients, and major vascular anastomosis was performed using MAT during OLT. Recipient liver and kidney function was measured pre-surgery and 12, 24 and 72 h post-surgery. Vascular anastomoses examinations were performed using ultrasound or angiography weekly post-surgery, and pathological examinations of vascular anastomoses were performed during autopsy after animal euthanasia. All recipients survived 24 h after surgery, which is considered as successful transplantation. Anhepatic duration was only 13 min, and no anastomotic obstruction or stenosis, magnetic displacement and anastomotic angulation, or distortion was found upon postoperative examinations of major liver vasculature. Aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and total bilirubin serum levels increased considerably postoperatively. The follow-up period for this study was 1 year, and the median survival time of all recipients was 115 d (interquartile range = 11–180 d). The main causes of death were liver failure, immune rejection, infection, and arterial anastomotic bleeding. Moreover, vascular anastomoses healed well with a survival time of more than two weeks. We developed a novel magnetic device to create a fast and safe technique to perform major vascular anastomoses in pig liver transplantations. Additionally, the liver graft implantation using MAT considerably shortened the recipient warm ischemia time, which will reduce the extent of ischemia–reperfusion injury. We conclude that MAT is an effective method for donor liver fast implantation in OLT in pigs.
Deferoxamine attenuates visual impairment in retinal ischemia‒reperfusion via inhibiting ferroptosis
Authors: Wang Xiaoxuan , Li Mingran , Diao Ke , Wang Yan , Chen Hong , Zhao Ziqi , Li Yuan , Jia Xin , Wang Hao , Zheng Fangyuan , Xia Zihan , Han Longhui , Zhang Minglian
Published: November 2023

Retinal ischemia‒reperfusion (I/R) injury can cause significant damage to human retinal neurons, greatly compromising their functions. Existing interventions have been proven to have little effect. Ferroptosis is a newly discovered type of programmed cell death that has been found to be involved in the process of ischemia‒reperfusion in multiple organs throughout the body. Studies have shown that it is also present in retinal ischemia‒reperfusion injury. A rat model of retinal ischemia‒reperfusion injury was constructed and treated with deferoxamine. In this study, we found the accumulation of Fe2+, reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde (MDA), and the consumption of glutathione (GSH) via ELISA testing; increased expression of transferrin; and decreased expression of ferritin, SLC7A11, and GPX4 via Western blotting (WB) and real-time PCR testing. Structural signs of ferroptosis (mitochondrial shrinkage) were observed across multiple cell types, including retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), photoreceptor cells, and pigment epithelial cells. Changes in visual function were detected by F-VEP and ERG. The results showed that iron and oxidative stress were increased in the retinal ischemia‒reperfusion injury model, resulting in ferroptosis and tissue damage. Deferoxamine protects the structural and functional soundness of the retina by inhibiting ferroptosis through the simultaneous inhibition of hemochromatosis, the initiation of transferrin, and the degradation of ferritin and activating the antioxidant capacity of the System Xc-GSH-GPX4 pathway.
Identification of novel STAT3 inhibitors for liver fibrosis, using pharmacophore-based virtual screening, molecular docking, and biomolecular dynamics simulations
Authors: Rafiq Huma , Hu Junjian , Hakami Mohammed Ageeli , Hazazi Ali , Alamri Mubarak A. , Alkhatabi Hind A. , Mahmood Arif , Alotaibi Bader S. , Wadood Abdul , Huang Xiaoyun
Published: November 2023

The signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) plays a fundamental role in the growth and regulation of cellular life. Activation and over-expression of STAT3 have been implicated in many cancers including solid blood tumors and other diseases such as liver fibrosis and rheumatoid arthritis. Therefore, STAT3 inhibitors are be coming a growing and interesting area of pharmacological research. Consequently, the aim of this study is to design novel inhibitors of STAT3-SH3 computationally for the reduction of liver fibrosis. Herein, we performed Pharmacophore-based virtual screening of databases including more than 19,481 commercially available compounds and in-house compounds. The hits obtained from virtual screening were further docked with the STAT3 receptor. The hits were further ranked on the basis of docking score and binding interaction with the active site of STAT3. ADMET properties of the screened compounds were calculated and filtered based on drug-likeness criteria. Finally, the top five drug-like hit compounds were selected and subjected to molecular dynamic simulation. The stability of each drug-like hit in complex with STAT3 was determined by computing their RMSD, RMSF, Rg, and DCCM analyses. Among all the compounds Sa32 revealed a good docking score, interactions, and stability during the entire simulation procedure. As compared to the Reference compound, the drug-like hit compound Sa32 showed good docking scores, interaction, stability, and binding energy. Therefore, we identified Sa32 as the best small molecule potent inhibitor for STAT3 that will be helpful in the future for the treatment of liver fibrosis.
Spatiotemporal differences in and influencing effects of per-capita carbon emissions in China based on population-related factors
Authors: Zhang Hua , Li Yi , Tong Jiaxuan
Published: November 2023

Intensive human activities and resource consumption in China have led to increasing carbon emissions, placing enormous pressure on achieving sustainable development goals. Nonetheless, the effects of population-related factors and carbon emissions remain controversial. This study focuses on the spatiotemporal differences in and influencing effects of per-capita carbon emissions using 2010–2019 panel data covering 30 regions in China. Differing from previous studies, population-related factors are employed to classify the 30 regions into 4 classes, and kernel density estimation, σ convergence and spatial econometric models are used to analyse the spatiotemporal differences in and influencing effects of per-capita carbon emissions. The results demonstrate that overall per-capita carbon emissions rose, but there was heterogeneity in the change in per-capita carbon emissions in the 4 classes of regions. The difference in regional per-capita carbon emissions has been widening, but the change rate of the difference stabilized. Overall, per-capita carbon emissions are heavily affected by household size; however, the driving forces behind per-capita carbon emissions in the 4 classes of regions vary. These results suggest that precise and coordinated governance of carbon emissions and reverting to the traditional household structure should be considered to meet the dual carbon goal.