bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Facial expression recognition based on improved residual network
Authors: Zhang Weiguang , Zhang Xuguang , Tang Yinggan
Published: January 2023

Facial expressions are an important part of human emotional signals and their recognition has become an important topic of research in the field of pattern recognition. Deep learning based methods have achieved great success in the recognition of facial expressions. However, with the evolution of convolution neural networks and the increased network depth, these methods suffer from problems such as degraded network performance and loss of feature information. To address these problems, a novel facial expression recognition algorithm based on an improved residual neural network is proposed. First, a residual neural network is designed to extract deep features while retaining the shallow ones. This can effectively prevent the degradation of network performance. Moreover, when the gradient of the Rectified Linear Units activation function used in the residual module is 0, it will inactivate the neurons and cause a loss of feature information. To address this, the Mish activation function is used instead. The slight allowance for negative values in Mish improves the gradient flow. Next, an inception module is introduced to obtain richer feature information under the same receptive field. Finally, by conducting verification experiments on the public datasets CK+ and KDEF, the authors manage to solve the problems of degraded network performance and insufficient information from extracted features, achieving recognition accuracy rates of 96.37% and 93.38% on the two datasets, respectively.
Mass outflow from the symbiotic binary RS Oph during its 2021 outburst
Authors: Tomov N. A. , Tomova M. T. , Stoyanov K. A. , Bonev T. R. , Zamanov R. K. , Iliev I. Kh. , Nikolov Ya. M. , Marchev D. , Bisikalo D. V. , Kaygorodov P. V.
Published: January 2023

Context. RS Oph is a symbiotic recurrent nova containing a massive white dwarf with heavy mass loss during activity. In August 2021, it underwent its seventh optical eruption since the end of the 19th century.

Aims. The goal of this work is to analyse the structure of the outflows from the outbursting object.

Methods. Based on broad-band U, B, V, RC, and IC photometry and high-resolution Hα spectroscopy obtained at days 11–15 of the outburst, we derived some parameters of the system's components and outflows and their changes during our observation.

Results. The effective temperature of a warm shell (pseudophotosphere) produced by the ejected material and occulting the hot component of the system was Teff = 15 000 ± 1000 K and the electron temperature of the nebula was Te = 17 000 ± 3000 K throughout the observations. The effective radius of the pseudophotosphere was Reff = 13.3 ± 2.0 R⊙ and the emission measure of the nebula EM = (9.50 ± 0.59) × 1061 cm−3 for day 11 and Reff = 10.3 ± 1.6 R⊙ and EM = (5.60 ± 0.35) × 1061 cm−3 for day 15. To provide this emission measure, the bolometric luminosity of the outbursting object must exceed its Eddington limit. The mass-loss rate of the outbursting object through its wind is much greater than through its streams. The total rate (from wind + streams) was less than (4–5) × 10–5 (d/1.6 kpc)3/2 M⊙ yr–1. The streams are not highly collimated. Their mean outflowing velocities are υb = −3680 ± 60 km s–1 for the approaching stream and υr = 3520 ± 50 km s–1 for the receding one if the orbit inclination is 50°.
Probing quadratic gravity with the Event Horizon Telescope
Authors: Daas Jesse , Kuijpers Kolja , Saueressig Frank , Wondrak Michael F. , Falcke Heino
Published: January 2023

Quadratic gravity constitutes a prototypical example of a perturbatively renormalizable quantum theory of the gravitational interactions. In this work, we construct the associated phase space of static, spherically symmetric, and asymptotically flat spacetimes. We find that the Schwarzschild geometry is embedded in a rich solution space comprising horizonless, naked singularities and wormhole solutions. Characteristically, the deformed solutions follow the Schwarzschild solution up outside of the photon sphere, while they differ substantially close to the center of gravity. We then carry out an analytic analysis of observable signatures accessible to the Event Horizon Telescope, comprising the size of the black hole shadow as well as the radiation emitted by infalling matter. On this basis, we argue that it is the brightness within the shadow region that constrains the phase space of solutions. Our work constitutes the first step towards bounding the phase space of black-hole-type solutions with a clear quantum gravity interpretation based on observational data.
Medulläres Schilddrüsenkarzinom
Authors: Kolac Corinna
Published: January 2023

Während RET-Fusionen bei zahlreichen Tumorentitäten vorkommen, finden sich bei medullären Schilddrüsenkarzinomen (MTC) häufig RET M918T-Mutationen. Diese können effektiv und gezielt in der Erstlinie mit RET-Inhibitoren behandelt werden. Wichtig ist eine frühzeitige genetische Diagnostik. Aber auch die Watch & Wait-Strategie bleibt bei den langsam progredienten Tumoren bedeutsam.
Use of Acellular Biologic Matrix Envelope for Cardiac Implantable Electronic Device Placement to Correct Migration into Submuscular Breast Implant Pocket
Authors: Terry Peyton , Bilchick Kenneth , Campbell Chris A.
Published: January 2023

Breast implants whether used for cosmetic or reconstructive purposes can be placed in pockets either above or below the pectoralis major muscle, depending on clinical circumstances such as subcutaneous tissue volume, history of radiation, and patient preference. Likewise, cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIEDs) can be placed above or below the pectoralis major muscle. When a patient has both devices, knowledge of the pocket location is important for procedural planning and for durability of device placement and performance. Here, we report a patient who previously failed subcutaneous CIED placement due to incision manipulation with prior threatened device exposure requiring plane change to subpectoral pocket. Her course was complicated by submuscular migration of the CIED into her breast implant periprosthetic pocket. With subcutaneous plane change being inadvisable due to patient noncompliance, soft tissue support of subpectoral CIED placement with an acellular biologic matrix (ABM) was performed. Similar to soft tissue support used for breast implants, submuscular CIED neo-pocket creation with ABM was performed with durable CIED device positioning confirmed at 9 months postprocedure.
The effect of procedural time on dysplasia detection rate during endoscopic surveillance of Barrett’s esophagus
Authors: Vithayathil Mathew , Modolell Ines , Ortiz-Fernandez-Sordo Jacobo , Pappas Apostolos , Januszewicz Wladyslaw , O’Donovan Maria , Bianchi Michele , White Jonathan R. , Kaye Philip , Ragunath Krish , di Pietro Massimiliano
Published: January 2023

Background Endoscopic surveillance of Barrett’s esophagus (BE) with Seattle protocol biopsies is time-consuming and inadequately performed in routine practice. There is no recommended procedural time for BE surveillance. We investigated the duration of surveillance procedures with adequate tissue sampling and effect on dysplasia detection rate (DDR).

Methods We performed post hoc analysis from the standard arm of a crossover randomized controlled trial recruiting patients with BE (≥C2 and/or ≥M3) and no clearly visible dysplastic lesions. After inspection with white-light imaging, targeted biopsies of subtle lesions and Seattle protocol biopsies were performed. Procedure duration and biopsy number were stratified by BE length. The effect of endoscopy-related variables on DDR was assessed by multivariable logistic regression.

Results Of 142 patients recruited, 15 (10.6 %) had high grade dysplasia/intramucosal cancer and 15 (10.6 %) had low grade dysplasia. The median procedural time was 16.5 minutes (interquartile range 14.0–19.0). Endoscopy duration increased by 0.9 minutes for each additional 1 cm of BE length. Seattle protocol biopsies had higher sensitivity for dysplasia than targeted biopsies (86.7 % vs. 60.0 %; P = 0.045). Longer procedural time was associated with increased likelihood of dysplasia detection on quadrantic biopsies (odds ratio [OR] 1.10, 95 %CI 1.00–1.20, P = 0.04), and for patients with BE > 6 cm also on targeted biopsies (OR 1.21, 95 %CI 1.04–1.40; P = 0.01).

Conclusions In BE patients with no clearly visible dysplastic lesions, longer procedural time was associated with increased likelihood of dysplasia detection. Adequate time slots are required to perform good-quality surveillance and maximize dysplasia detection.
Clinical Outcomes after Computed Tomography-Based Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Minimum 3-Year Analyses
Authors: Marchand Robert C. , Scholl Laura , Taylor Kelly B. , Erwin Daniel J. , Bhowmik-Stoker Manoshi , Chen Zhongming , Salem Hytham S. , Mont Michael A.
Published: January 2023

Computed tomography (CT) scan–based three-dimensional (3D) modeling operative technology has been shown to improve upon results of manual total knee arthroplasties (TKAs). Although there are many reports on superior precision of this CT-based technology, there has been continuing interest regarding extended clinical outcomes. The purpose of this study was to compare their clinical outcomes with manual TKAs at approximately 3-year follow-up. Specifically, we analyzed: (1) survivorship, (2) functional outcomes, (3) complications, and (4) radiographic outcomes (i.e., alignment, progressive radiolucencies). A total of 210 patients receiving CT-based TKAs performed by a single surgeon at a single center between July 1, 2016, and February 16, 2018, were compared with 210 manual TKAs completed by the same surgeon immediately preceding implementation of the CT-based technology. Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) surveys were collected at ∼3 years postoperatively. Subgroup analyses of pain and physical function scores were performed. Follow-up radiographs were evaluated for alignment, loosening, and/or progressive radiolucencies. There was 100% survivorship at final follow-up. The postoperative mean pain scores for the CT-based cohort and manual cohort were 1 ± 2 (range, 0–14) and 2 ± 3 (range, 0–17), respectively (p < 0.05). The postoperative mean physical function scores for the CT-based cohort and manual cohort were 3 ± 4 (range, 0–18) and 5 ± 5 (range, 0–19), respectively (p < 0.05). The postoperative mean total WOMAC scores for the CT-based cohort and manual cohort were 5 ± 4 (range, 0–32) and 7 ± 8 (range, 0–35), respectively (p < 0.05). There were low numbers of postoperative complications at final follow-up in either cohort. None exhibited progressive radiolucencies by final follow-up. The 3-year postoperative clinical outcomes support excellent survivorship and radiographic outcomes, low complication rates, as well as improved pain, physical function, and total WOMAC scores for CT-based TKAs. Therefore, patients who undergo CT-based 3D modeling TKAs should expect to have superior long-term clinical outcomes.
Biologic Disease-Modifying Antirheumatic Drugs Do Not Increase Risk for Prosthetic Joint Infection in Setting of Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Bains Sandeep S. , Chen Zhongming , Sax Oliver C. , Salib Christopher G. , Paulson Ambika E. , Delanois Ronald E.
Published: January 2023

Over 25% of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are expected to undergo a joint replacement during their lifetime. Current practice guidelines recommend withholding biologic therapy 1 week prior to total hip arthroplasty, given its immunosuppressive effects. Most patients are on a regimen including biologic and nonbiologic therapy; however, the individual influences of these therapies are not well understood in the setting of total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Therefore, we sought to compare biologic, nonbiologic, and recipients of both types of therapy in patients with RA undergoing TKA. We specifically assessed (1) medical complications at 90 days; (2) surgical complications up to 1 year; and (3) independent risk factors for prosthetic joint infections (PJIs).

A retrospective review was conducted using a national, all-payer database for patients undergoing primary TKA from January 2010 to April 2020 (n = 1.97 million). Patients diagnosed with RA were then separated into at least 1-year users of biologic (n = 3,092), nonbiologic (28,299), or dual (n = 10,949) therapy. Bivariate analyses were utilized to assess for 90-day medical and up to 1-year surgical outcomes. Additionally, multivariate regression models were utilized to assess for independent risk factors.

The incidence and odds ratio for medical/surgical outcomes were equivocal among the biologic, nonbiologic, and recipients receiving both types of therapy (p > 0.061). No differences were observed between the type of therapy as additional risk factors for infection (p > 0.505). However, glucocorticoids at 90 days and alcohol abuse, diabetes mellitus, obesity, as well as tobacco use were identified as additional risk factors for PJI(p < 0.036).

No appreciable differences in medical or surgical outcomes were associated with the independent use of biologic, nonbiologic, or recipients of both types of therapy in patients with RA. Additionally, alcohol abuse, diabetes mellitus, glucocorticoids, obesity, and tobacco use conferred an increased risk of PJI. These results can serve as an adjunct to current practice guidelines.
Generation of nonparaxial self-accelerating beams using pendant droplets
Authors: Zhang Qiyue , Zhang Peng , Xu Huizhong , Man Weining , Chen Zhigang
Published: January 2023

We propose and demonstrate the effectual generation and control of nonparaxial self-accelerating beams by using UV-resin pendant droplets. We show that the geometrical shape of the hanging droplets formed as a result of the interplay between surface tension and gravity offers a natural curvature enabling the generation of nonparaxial self-accelerating beams. By simply adjusting the tilt angle of the surface where the droplets reside, a passing light beam is set to propagate along different curved trajectories, bending into large angles with non-diffracting features superior to a conventional Airy beam. Such self-accelerating beams are directly traced experimentally through the scattered light in yeast-cell suspensions, along with extensive ray tracing and numerical simulations. Furthermore, by modifying the shape of uncured pendant resin droplets in real time, we showcase the dynamical trajectory control of the self-accelerating beams. Our scheme and experimental method may be adopted for the droplet-based shaping of other waves such as microfluidic jets and surface acoustic waves.
Effect of different aspect ratios of rectangular hole on magnetic shielding property for cylindrical shield
Authors: Zhu Jing , Wang Lei , Hao Siyuan , Shi Xinzhe , Wang Shuai , Zhu Lianqing
Published: January 2023

In this paper, the influence of rectangular holes with different aspect ratios in a cylinder on shielding properties is investigated using the finite element method. The two indicators used to assess the shielding properties of the cylinder are its internal residual magnetic field and its outer-surface magnetic field map. The internal residual magnetic field (B) of a cylinder as a function of the aspect ratio of a rectangular hole and its area is simulated, and the conclusions are as follows: with increasing length of the hole, the value of B increases first and then decreases. A cylindrical shield with square holes (the hole aspect ratio is equal to 1) delivers the worst shielding performance. A cylinder with a smaller hole area has better shielding properties, resulting from a less flux leakage from the environmental magnetic field. The anisotropy of the shielding properties is evaluated, and the magnetic shielding in the radial direction is better than that in the axial direction. This research provides a theoretical guide for the application and optimization of magnetic shields.
Mutagenicity of N-acyloxy-N-alkoxyamides – QSAR determination of factors controlling activity
Authors: Glover Stephen A.
Published: January 2023

This account describes the origins of our extensive investigations into the mutagenicity of N-acyloxy-N-alkoxyamides. Since their discovery as biologically active anomeric amides that mutate DNA in the Ames reverse mutation assay without the need for metabolic activation, we have used activities in the Ames test to understand the impact of structural variation on cellular access to, binding to and reactivity with DNA. We have developed an understanding of the roles played by hydrophobicity, electrophilic reactivity, steric effects and, importantly, intercalation on mutagenicity levels and therefore interactions with DNA. The evolution and application of meaningful quantitative structure–activity relationships is described, and examples of their utility in explaining molecule–DNA interactions are given. Their ability to explain previous mutagenicity data and, importantly, to predict meaningful mutagenic behaviour is also demonstrated.
Physics-based simulations of grassfire propagation on sloped terrain at field scale: flame dynamics, mode of fire propagation and heat fluxes†
Authors: Innocent Jasmine , Sutherland Duncan , Khan Nazmul , Moinuddin Khalid
Published: January 2023

The interaction of wind and fire on a sloped terrain is always complex owing to the mechanisms of heat transfer and flame dynamics. Heating of unburned vegetation by attached flames may increase the rate of spread. The relative intensities of convective and radiative heat fluxes may change fire behaviour significantly. This paper presents a detailed analysis of flame dynamics, mode of fire propagation and surface radiative and convective heat fluxes on sloped terrain at various wind speeds using physics-based simulations. It was found that with increasing slope angles and wind velocity, the plume inclines more towards the ground and becomes elongated in upslope cases, whereas in downslope cases, the plume rises from the ground earlier. For higher wind velocities, the flame and near-surface flame dynamics appear to show rising, even though the plume is attached. The flame contour results indicate that the near-surface flame dynamics are difficult to characterise using Byram’s number. A power-law correlation was observed between the simulated flame lengths and fireline intensities. The convective heat fluxes are more relevant for wind-driven fire propagation and greater upslopes, whereas both fluxes are equally significant for lower driving wind velocities compared with higher wind velocities.
Study on the ground fraction of air tankers
Authors: Gu Yin , Zhou Rui , Xie Hui , Shi Lei
Published: January 2023

Background The ground fraction refers to the ratio of the liquid collected on the ground to the dropped liquid, which is the key index used to assess the drop ground pattern of air tankers when combating wildfires. However, there is no quantitative mechanism model to estimate ground fraction. Aims and methods The current work aims to create a simple model of the ground fraction by directly using full-scale drop test data with different firefighting agents for fitting. Key results and conclusions The result shows that the ground fraction can be estimated by simple quantitative relationships despite significant differences between the conditions of the drop tests. These relationships include factors that can be manipulated during aircraft and release system design as well as during aerial firefighting operations. Implications Based on the presented model, an equation for the maximum coverage level of the mean liquid distribution is solved, and the induced effects of drop velocity, drop height, liquid viscosity and other factors on the ground pattern are revealed, which can provide direct predictions of ground drop distributions.
The rise of middle voice systems
Authors: Inglese Guglielmo
Published: January 2023

Middle markers are characterized by a distribution halfway between grammar and the lexicon: with some verbs, middle marking encodes valency change, while with others it obligatorily occurs with no obvious synchronic motivation. Despite the existing cross-linguistic work on middle markers, their history is still largely unknown. In the typological literature, the standard view is that middle markers predominantly have their origin in reflexive markers, and that, in their development, it is invariantly the grammatical component that expands to the lexical component. In this paper, I challenge these assumptions based on the analysis of a sample of 129 middle marking languages. As I show, the sources and pathways whereby middle markers come about are much more numerous and varied than what has been reported in the literature. By taking a source-oriented approach, I also discuss how recurrent cross-linguistic trends in the distribution of middle markers can in part be explained by looking at their history.
Improving the spectroscopic knowledge of neutral Neodymium
Authors: Hovhannesyan Gohar , Lepers Maxence
Published: January 2023

Laser cooling and trapping of lanthanides has opened the possibility to carry out new experiments with ultracold dipolar gases, for example for quantum simulation of solid state physics. To identify new suitable candidates for laser-cooling, it is important to have a precise spectroscopic knowledge of the atom under consideration. Along this direction, we present here a detailed modeling of the energy levels of neutral neodymium (Nd), an element belonging to the left part of the lanthanide row, which has not yet been considered for laser-cooling. Using the semi-empirical method implemented in the Cowan suite of codes, we are in particular able to interpret more than 200 experimental levels of the NIST database belonging to both parities. The optimal set of atomic parameters obtained after the least-square fitting step can serve to calculate radiative transition probabilities in the future.
Multifunctional properties of gadolinium doped annealed zinc oxide nanoparticles
Authors: Nagamalleswari T , Sreenivasulu M , Kiran J Nitchal
Published: January 2023

In the present study, Zn1−x Gdx O (x = 0.02) nanoparticles have been synthesized by chemical route (Sol-Gel Method) using polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) as chelating agent. These materials are annealed from 500 °C−1000 °C with a step size of 100 °C temperature. The multifunctional properties of the prepared materials have been studied in view of their structural, morphological, optical, magnetic, and mechanical characteristics. X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies have shown that ZnO (zinc oxide) nano powders are crystallized in the Wurtzite hexagonal structure, and the structural parameters have been determined. Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) study conducted on a sample annealed at 900 °C revealed nanoparticles size as ∼22 nm. Spherical nanoparticles with irregular particle morphology was observed from SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy) images. Energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) accorded the existence of elementary components of the prepared samples. The characteristic peaks of ZnO are evident from Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) study. The bandgap energies from UV–visible studies levied to decrease from 3.31 eV to 3.13 eV with annealing temperatures. Near band edge emission exhibited redshift from Photoluminescence (PL) study with the increase in annealing temperature. The Dilute Magnetic Semiconductor (DMS) nature was observed on the studied materials, making them promising materials for multifunctional spin-based applications. The study of Mechanical properties suggests that these materials may find applications as cutting fluids, nanofillers and nanolubricant additives.
Controllable entropic uncertainty relation in an effective two-level non-Hermitian system
Authors: Tang Shi-qing , Liu Han , Li Song-song , Guo You-neng
Published: January 2023

Under the large detuning conditions, a three-level atom in Λ-type configuration reduced to an effective two-level system has been investigated by Shahriar and Hemmer (1990 Phys. Rev. Lett.
65 1865). By introducing unbalanced gain and loss, we in detail investigate the behaviors of entropic uncertainty relation (EUR) in an effective two-level non-Hermitian system. Compared with the dynamics governed by a Hermitian Hamiltonian, we find the EUR in non-Hermitian system is well defined based on the exceptional points of the effective non-Hermitian system, and displays two distinct behaviors. More specifically, when systems possess an exceptional point above which the EUR undergoes an oscillatory behavior, while below which the EUR increases asymptotically to a finite constant value.
Stellar energy loss rates associated with photoneutrino processes in the minimal extension of the standard model
Authors: Aydın C.
Published: January 2023

Using the minimal extension of the standard model and considering the charge radius and the anapole moments of a neutrino, we derive analytical expressions for the stellar energy loss rates associated with the production of a neutrino pair

in hot plasma under three limiting regimes (nondegenerate, intermediate, and degenerate electrons) of the temperature, electron chemical potential, and plasma energy. The obtained results reveal the presence of an extra contribution of approximately

% based on the considered calculations.
Failure Mode Analysis of Reinforced Concrete Beams Using GFRP Sheet as Shear Strengthening
Authors: Yusuf A A A , Irmawaty R , Muhiddin A B
Published: January 2023

Corrosion is an electrochemical reaction that can cause deterioration to the reinforcing steel which has implications for the decrease in the flexural capacity of the beam. The use of corrosion resistant GFRP bar as a substitute for conventional reinforcement and GFRP sheets as a substitute for shear reinforcement without a concrete cover can increase the flexural capacity of RC beams. This study aims to analyze the flexural capacity and failure mode of reinforced concrete beams with GFRP bar and GFRP sheet, with variations in width of 50 mm (BFGS50) and 100 mm (BFGS100). Conventional RC beams (BK) and beams with GFRP bars as tensile reinforcement and conventional shear reinforcement (BFSB) were made as control beams. The beam is given a static-monotonic load until failure. The results showed that the flexural capacity of the BFGS50 and BFGS100 beams was higher than the control beam (BK and BFSB). From the failure mode analysis, the control beam experienced compression failure, while BFGS50 and BFGS100 experienced shear failure.
Effects of Nipa-Nipa Regulation Pond on Flood Control of Tallo River
Authors: Mustamin M R , Maricar F , Hatta M P
Published: January 2023

The Nipa-Nipa Regulation Ponds are a flood control building for Makassar City and its surroundings due to the overflow of Tallo River downstream with an operating system to accommodate air. Regulation pond is only able to accommodate part of the peak flood discharge which caused Tallo River to overflow. For this reason, an analysis is carried out on how the influence of the Nipa – Nipa Regulation Pond on flood control of the downstream Tallo River is carried out. The analytical method used is a hydraulic analysis with the help of the HEC-RAS application. Based on the results of the 2D HEC – RAS numerical simulation mapped for the downstream area of Nipa - Nipa Regulation Pond, it is obtained that regulation can reduce surface runoff due to the overflow of the Lower Tallo River for Q2 by 183.97 Ha (35.59 %), Q5 271 .85 Ha (37.19 %), Q10 was 249.35 Ha (28.50 %), Q20 was 291.63 Ha (28.18 %), and Q25 was 300.67 Ha (28.08%). From these results, it can also be seen that the current condition of the Nipa – Nipa Regulation Pond is the most effective way to deal with flooding downstream of Tallo River at the five-year return period (Q5).
Use of Drone Technology in Georeferencing Slopes of Landslide Prone Areas
Authors: Patola DM A , Djamaluddin A R , Arsyad A
Published: January 2023

Access to regions that cannot be accessed owing to natural damage and contours that are too extreme present challenges in mapping areas prone to landslides, requiring the use of drones to retrieve data from disaster areas. The goal of this research is to (1) use arcgis to reference landslide-prone locations, (2) analyze the safe level value of landslide-prone areas using slide applications, and (3) use drone photogrammetry to model landslide-prone areas in 3D. At locations 119°40′3.36"E - 119°40′30.58"E and 5°19′32.53"S - 5°20′3.69"S, photogrammetry was employed by taking ortho photographs with mavic 2 pro type drones and secondary data of the soil layer provided by penetration test. The area of S01 with FoS 0.470 on the slope of slope 51°, the area S02 with FoS 0,527 on the slope of slope 47°, the area S03 with FoS 0.379 on the slope of slope 52°, the area S04 with FoS 0.551 on slope 46°, and the area S05 with FoS 0.763 on slope 32° are all known from the referencing map of arcgis-based landslide prone areas. The concluded that of soil in the research area is generally sandy clay soil, and the position of rainwater flow, which can be a trigger factor for landslides, so this data becomes preliminary data in early anticipation of potential landslide disasters and enhances alertness to prospective landslide disasters.
Post-Tsunami monitoring of the introduced Banggai cardinalfish (Pterapogon kauderni) population in Palu Bay
Authors: Ndobe S , Serdiati N , Gani A , Wahyudi D , Moore A M
Published: January 2023

Post-disaster recovery of marine ecosystems and species is still poorly understood. The Banggai cardinalfish (Pterapogon kauderni) is an ornamental fish endemic to the Banggai Archipelago and a few nearby islands. Classified as Endangered in the IUCN Red List, this fish has limited protected status under Indonesian law. Introduced to several sites in Palu Bay in the early 2000’s, two populations had become established by 2006. Until the triple disaster (earthquake, tsunami, liquefaction) in September 2018, these populations were used for research and education as well as the aquarium trade. The tsunami devastated habitat and microhabitat at the Mamboro site; a census in 2019 found 10 surviving juvenile Banggai cardinalfish in one sea anemone. Monitoring in June 2021 revealed signs of ecosystem recovery, especially seagrass. Despite limited microhabitat with few corals and a lack of Diadema sea urchins, there was a substantial increase in Banggai cardinalfish abundance with all life stages present. New recruits were observed in sea anemones and upside-down jellyfish (Cassiopea sp.). These sites present a natural laboratory for P. kauderni population and post-tsunami ecosystem recovery. Lessons learned can be used to inform conservation management of depleted P. kauderni populations in the endemic range of this endangered fish.
Analysis of shoreline changes in Yogyakarta coastal areas using remote sensing method
Authors: Pattipawaej O C , Oktaviani K
Published: January 2023

Yogyakarta coastal areas in Indonesia are marine resources that affect the socioeconomics such as local trade, international trade, marine catches, and tourist attractions. The existence of activities in the marine sector creates the potential for shoreline change. The detection of coastline change, such as abrasion and/or sedimentation, using remote sensing is considered as a very effective method because the shoreline is found as highly dynamic nature. This study analyses shoreline changes in Yogyakarta coastal areas from 2010 to 2019 using satellite imageries obtained from Google Earth Pro platform and the processing data using AutoCAD software. The average coastline changes occur 2.90 m of abrasion per year at Parangtritis Beach and 1.98 m of sedimentation per year at Krokoh Beach. The effort to prevent shoreline changes at Parangtritis shore areas is by constructing coastal protection structures. Further research is needed to determine soft and/or hard coastal protection structures.
A Laboratory Study on Open and Dense Graded Cold Asphalt Emulsion Mixtures for Surface Courses
Authors: Wulandari P S , Johnson  , Santoso L , Kristianto Y , Billy M
Published: January 2023

Cold Asphalt Emulsion Mixture (CAEM) is considered as an eco-friendly asphalt mixture because it eliminates the emission. It is produced at ambient temperatures and reducing the requirement to heat aggregates and bitumen prior to mixing process, so it is good for energy saving in pavement construction. In application, there are two type gradations of aggregate for cold asphalt mixture, dense gradation and open gradation. A series of laboratory works were conducted to analyse the performance of dense and open graded cold mixture for surface courses, which is the main objective of this study. Marshall Samples were kept indoor at room temperature for 7 days prior to Marshall Test to obtain the effect of curing process for cold mixtures. All samples were tested using Marshall Tests for stability and flow. The results show that dense graded mixtures need less bitumen content than open graded mixtures. For cured samples, dense graded mixtures produces higher Marshall Stability than open grades mixtures, while uncured samples have almost the same Marshall stability value for both gradations. For open graded mixtures, curing process reduce the porosity of mixtures.
The Takalar Coastal Community Resistance Movement Rejects The Sea Sand Mining Project For The Reclamation Of The Center Point Of Indonesia
Authors: Anwar  , Kasnawi H MT , Ramli M AT
Published: January 2023

The beach reclamation project is carried out through a sand mining process in the middle of the sea. This is claimed to cause vulnerability to environmental damage in the form of coastal abrasion, thus giving rise to a resistance movement from the surrounding community. This qualitative study aims to obtain information about the forms and strategies of the resistance movement of the Takalar coastal community against the sea sand mines of the Center Point Of Indonesia reclamation project. This research involves the Takalar coastal community and movement actors who are members of the Galesong Raya coastal community forum and the South Sulawesi environmental vehicle. Data were collected through interviews and documentation using the method of snowball sampling. The collected data is then processed using reduction, presented then drawn conclusions. The results, the forms of the resistance movement is open resistance by making rejection petitions, demonstrations to government offices and people’s representatives, and conducting raids on sand mining vessels that are currently operating sand mining in the middle of the sea. Furthermore, the strategy used is advocacy. As a result, the Takalar coastal community movement succeeded in stopping the sea sand mining of the Center Point Of Indonesia reclamation project.
Utilization of Sentinel 1 SAR for Flood Mapping in North Konawe Regency, Southeast Sulawesi Province, Indonesia
Authors: Mangidi U , Mandaya I , Ngii E
Published: January 2023

Flood disaster is one of the natural disasters caused by the high intensity of rainfalls which causes rapid rise in stream or river. This is mostly the case in tropical area, such as Indonesia. Konawe Utara regency is one of the regencies in Southeast Sulawesi that recently experienced flash floods in 2019. As a result, the flood caused significant environmental and economic losses and damaged several public infrastructures. This study uses SAR Sentinel 1 imagery to rapid map of the flood event. The method used in this study is the Normalized Difference Sigma-Naught Index (NDSI). This method can identify the comparison of the Backscatter value from the image before and during the flood. Then, extracting the flood information using vectorization tools and calculating geometry features were conducted in the open-source QGIS software. The results of this study show that the flood occurred in some important areas of North Konawe Regency and inundated six (6) districts namely Wiwirano district, Oheo district, Molawe district, Langgikima district, Asera district, Andowia district. Among those areas, Oheo district is the most affected area of flooding with 1836.88 hectares (4,1 % total area of Oheo district). This area included 186.24 hectares of settlement area and bussiness, 664.39 hectares of agriculture area. The rest area of inundation consisted of forests, shrubs and bare lands. More importantly, the flood also inundated the capital city of North Konawe regency located in Asera district with affected area of 25.76 hectares. This flood has paralyzed economic activities and local government administration. The result of this study shows the potential Sentinel 1 SAR in assisting rapid assessment during disaster period and will help local government in considering mitigation approaches.
Proximate and Microscopy Analysis of Coal in Tamalea Village, Bonehau District, Mamuju Regency, West Sulawesi Province, Indonesia
Authors: Taliding TU , Widodo S , Ilyas A
Published: January 2023

Coal deposits that have been found in Tamalea Village, Bonehau District are one of the coal resources found in West Sulawesi Province, Indonesia. Coal study in this area will provide information about the characteristics of coal in the West Sulawesi area. This study aims to determine the initial composition of coal quality based on proximate analysis and the appearance of minerals in coal using microscopic analysis. The results of the proximate analysis of coal show that the moisture content ranges from 3.65% to 8.42%, the ash content ranges from 5.59% to 64.96%, the volatile matter shows a value vary from 17.69% to 62.83%, and fixed carbon ranged from 13.70% to 46.76%. The results of microscopic analysis showed the presence of several dominant minerals, namely clay, quartz, and pyrite. The presence of these dominant minerals affects the quality of coal, namely the high content of ash, and allows variations in the total sulfur content. The appearance of the mineral pyrite under a microscope shows that pyrite is formed through syngenetic and epigenetic processes. The most dominant processes in the coal samples studied is the epigenetic process. Syngenetic pyrites are mostly small framboids composed of tiny micro-crystals. Epigenetic framboids vary in shape and size with large and massive microcrystals. The pyrite content as a sulfur carrier shows a specific vertical distribution trend with the same pattern, namely the ash content and pyrite mineral appearance are higher in the coal seam adjacent to the floor compared to the coal seam adjacent to the roof.
Characteristics of the Forest Clove Plant Organ (Syzygium obtusifolium L) Endemic Maluku, Indonesia
Authors: Kamsurya M Y , Ala A , Musa Y , Rafiuddin
Published: January 2023

Forest clove (Syzygium obtusifolium L.) has not been widely known for its properties and characteristics. To recognize them properly, deeply, and thoroughly, efforts are required to characterize the morphological characteristics of the main organs. The research aims to reveal the morphological characteristics of the main organ (cormus) of the forest clove plant, which include roots, stems, and leaves. The research was conducted on the island of Ambon, Maluku, Eastern Indonesia, for five months from May-September 2020. This research is survey research, data collection using a questionnaire arranged according to IPGRI criteria. The list of questions was filled indirectly to the field. The results showed that the root system of the forest clove plant was a taproot consisting of primary roots followed by lateral roots (primary root branches), secondary, tertiary, and quartet-like roots which were then overgrown with root hairs. Lateral root branches are large, and in subsequent root branches, the size is smaller but in increasing numbers. The trunk is round, with a diameter ranging from 12.5-25.5 cm, the surface of the trunk is rough brown and grayish, accompanied by black spots. The branching pattern is intensive with the main branching angles included in the medium category, meaning that the angles formed with the main rods range from 45-90o. The leaves of the forest clove plant are oblong with a length ranging from 15-25.5 cm and a width of 5.5-9.5 cm. The correction factor to determine leaf area is 0.65, therefore the leaf area ranges from 53.63 to 157.46 cm2. The shape of the base of the leaf is tapered, the angle of the petiole is sharp (<45o). The nature of the tips of the leaves is rather hard, the texture of the leaves is strong, the edges are flat, and the color of the leaves is dark green (green 139 A).
Efforts to Provide National Hybrid Corn Seed for Farmers in Gold Mining Area
Authors: Bahtiar  , Azrai M , Salman D , Arsyad M
Published: January 2023

Facing public objections to the existence of the PT Gold Mine Company. Meares Soputan Mining/Tambang Tondano Nusajaya (MSM/TTN), then in 2019 the manager of the Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) fund collaborated with the Indonesian Cereal Research Institute (ICERI) to foster farmers to produce hybrid corn seeds in order to meet the needs of farmers around the company. The two activities carried out are: the practice of making hybrid corn seeds and demonstration plots farming of the seed yield. The practice of making seeds is carried out in PT.MSM/TNT’s 1.0 ha. Implementers are trained in Standard Operational Procedure (SOP) for corn seed production hybrid and accompanied in the field during activities: planting, selection (Roguing), removal of male flowers (Detasseling) and at harvest. The seeds produced were the Nakula Sadewa (Nasa-29) variety with consideration of the suitability of location characteristics with varietal potential. The yield is 1.0 ton with very good seed quality (99% germination). The 250 kg of seeds were used for demonstration plots farming area of 10 ha in the following planting season, involving 110 farmers spread over 8 villages around the mining area of PT. MSM/TNT. Farm demonstration plot results showed that, the Nasa-29 variety gave good growth with productivity levels achieved between 6.73 t/ha to 7.52 t/ha. This level of production is relatively high compared to the level of production local seed, only ranging from 4.25 t/ha to 5.65 t/ha. The response of farmers to the appearance of the Nasa-29 variety was positive so that the CSR manager of PT.MSM/TNT increased the area of seed production to 5.0 ha in 2020.
Analysis of Empirical Bayesian Kriging Methods for Optimization of Measured Resources Estimation of Laterite Nickel
Authors: Swara H R , Nur I , Ilyas A , Widodo S
Published: January 2023

Laterite nickel deposits are formed from the intense weathering of ultramafic igneous rocks. The distribution of Ni content in an area does not always have a stationary data. One method of resource estimation and precise geological modeling is the Empirical Bayesian Kriging (EBK) method which is known to be able to perform precise estimates for stationary and non-stationary data. The results of this study were found that thickness of the limonite layer will increase as the slope decreases, while in the saprolite zone the thickness will increase with increasing the degree of slope up to the limit of 16°-25° then the thickness will decrease when crossing that limit. In the limonite zone, the concentration of Ni is maximally concentrated at a high degree of slope (>16°), while in the saprolite zone, Ni content is maximally concentrated on a slope of 16°-25° and then decreases in Ni content when passing through a slope of 25°. Validation of the estimation results and geological modeling using RMSE, MAE, MAPE, and linear regression in the limonite and saprolite zones indicate that the EBK method is a precise method for resource estimation and geological modeling.
Ductility of Precast Beam-Column with Dowel Connection Due to Cyclic Load
Authors: Sofyan Y F F , Parung H , Amiruddin A A
Published: January 2023

Precast concrete elements have advantages in terms of working time efficiency and quality uniformity. But beyond the benefits, there is something else to consider, namely the connection method. In addition, the ductility value is a measure of the success of precast concrete elements in construction, especially when it comes to absorbing earthquake loads in the form of cyclical loads. This study aims to analyze the ductility value of the precast beam-column with dowel connection under cyclic loading. The sample test was performed with cyclic loading based on the displacement control method. The sample consists of 1 monolith beam-column (BN) and 1 beam column with dowel connection (BG). The results of the investigation revealed that the beam-column with dowel connection (BG) had a higher ductility value than the monolith beam-column (BN). Based on the ductility classification according to ASCE 41-17, both samples were categorized as moderate ductility.
Compressive Strength Characteristic of Concrete Using Mountain Sand
Authors: Tumpu M , Rangan P R , Mansyur
Published: January 2023

The used of fine aggregate as concrete mixture in building construction is certainly inseparable from the availability of materials. One area that has abundant reserved of fine aggregate was in Lembang Marinding, Tana Toraja Regency, South Sulawesi Province which can be used as fine aggregate in concrete mixture. This research was conducted to determine the compressive strength of concrete from Lembang Marinding sand which was classified as mountain sand as concrete mixture. This research method was carried out experimentally in the laboratory, which was this study aims to obtain the physical properties of the material and which will be used in concrete mixture with a concrete quality plan of f’c 25 MPa. To obtained the results, a series of tests were carried out on 15 cm × 30 cm concrete cylindrical specimens based on Indonesia requirements, SNI 03-2847-2019 standard, to produce compressive strength of concrete. The results showed that the use of natural sand (mountain sand) from Lembang Marinding can be used as fine aggregate in the concrete mixture. The average compressive strength of the concrete produced at the age of 28 days was 26.83 MPa. The compressive strength results obtained have met the planned concrete quality in this research.
Impact of Palm Plantations In West Sulawesi Province: A Preliminary Study
Authors: Anas K , Naping H , Salman D , Tenriwaru N
Published: January 2023

Based on data from BPS-Statistics of West Sulawesi Province, vast oil palm plantations in West Sulawesi province continued to increase. This increase in the area of oil palm plantations had led to the conversion of land functions from cocoa plantations, rice fields, ponds and forests to oil palm plantations. This study This study aimed to explore the various impacts of land conversion into oil palm plantations. This study used secondary data and descriptive methods to describe the impacts that occurred when the land conversion was carried out. The results of this study indicated the occurrence of various impacts, for example, reduced rice farmers and reduced food agricultural land, changes from polyculture plantations to palm oil monocultures, changes in regional hydrological conditions and agrarian disputes.