bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Editor's Note
Authors: Turner Faythe
Published: May 2019

This issue of the Journal of the National Association of Ethnic Studies presents an interesting cross section of ethnic groups in the United States: Native American, Vietnamese, Latino, African American. Several of the articles involving these groups raise the persistent question of assimilation versus acculturation and where the health and welfare of the children of immigrants or the younger generation of immigrants lies. Shaw N. Gynan in “Hispanic Immigration and Spanish Maintenance as Indirect Measures of Ethnicity: Reality and Perceptions” has found that the newest generation of Latinos not only are more involved ethnically with their Spanish heritage than earlier immigrants but also are more proficient in English, information that might cause the promoters of English as the official language of the United States to rethink their position. In “An Examination of Social Adaptation Processes of Vietnamese Adolescents” Fayneese Miller, My Do, and Jason Sperber show that this age group finds its strength in a strong attachment to their ethnic community and proficiency in speaking and writing English: the first keeps them grounded and the second two allow them the confidence to progress in their new society. In “Community Versus Assimilation: A Study IN American Assimilation at Saint Joseph's Indian Industrial School” Sarah Shillinger shows through oral history the effects of being removed from one's ethnic community as Indian children were in the board school movement of the early twentieth century.
Ebonics: The Debate Which Never Happened
Authors: Birch Barbara
Published: May 2019

The thesis of this paper is that no substantive and impartial debate about the pedagogical value of using Ebonics in the classroom could be held in the United States media because America's prescriptive attitude towards Ebonics does not allow fair and objective consideration of the issue. In presenting this theme I will discuss language ideologies in general and prescription in particular as a common attitude towards language. Prescription with respect to Ebonics usually takes the form of language prejudice. I will conclude with an introduction to one area of language planning, status planning, in which language planners try to improve the status of a dialect or language by selecting a goal, planning the necessary research, and devising a marketing or diffusion plan.
The Suppression of Diversity
Authors: Lottie Adrian J. , Noda Phyllis A. Clemens
Published: May 2019

Is it a systematic strategy or a mutation of millennial ferver that drives the escalating challenges to the civil rights of this nation's racial, linguistic, and national origin minorities? Increasing juridical, legislative, and popular assaults on affirmative action policies coupled with the sometimes less heralded emergence of a de facto U.S. language policy are sweeping through the states. These activities draw on a consistent repertoire of approaches from the invocation of the very language and concepts of the civil rights movement to the isolationist “buzz-words” of early twentieth century advocates of “Americanization.” In an effort to legitimize their efforts this new breed of assailants has lifted the terms “equality of opportunity,” “color blind,” and “merit” directly from the lips of civil rights heroes of the past, retrofitting concepts that resonate from the very core of the civil rights movement into an arsenal of weapons that threaten the extinction of that movement. In that same vein opponents of bilingual education have reached further back into our history dredging up de-contextualized quotations from icons of American history to evoke nostalgia and patriotism and to resuscitate the fear of the dissolution of national unity in the wake of the infusion of diverse languages and cultures. The introductory portion of this article treats the failure of anti-civil rights movements to acknowledge either the rich cultural legacy of people of color or the deeply engrained cultural and political limitations that this nation has imposed on their civil rights. We discuss the re-packaged language of equality and equity used by these movements and their success and attempts at success in reversing the progress of civil rights at the polls and in legislatures across the nation. We next examine the anti-affirmative action and anti-bilingual movements sweeping the U.S. today, analyzing qualitative and quantitative data from multiple sources including data from the the 2000 U.S. Census to track current anti-affirmative action and anti-bilingual/English only developments among the states to demonstrate the coexistence of these developments in those areas where people of color are concentrated.
How and Why lslamophobia is tied to English Nationalism but not to Scottish Nationalism
Authors: Hussain Asifa M. , Miller William L.
Published: May 2019

Muslim minorities throughout Europe are under threat of collateral damage from the Blair/Bush ‘War on Terror.’ In Scotland they also have to cope with the added possibility that Scottish nationalism might develop an ‘ethnic’ as well as a ‘civic’ dimension. But is Scottish nationalism part of the problem or part of the solution? Paradoxically, Muslims are under less pressure in Scotland than in England, despite Scotland's move over recent decades—psychologically as well as institutionally—towards nationalism.
Being Ourselves: Immigrant Culture and Self-Identification Among Young Haitians in Montréal
Authors: Pégram Scooter
Published: May 2019

Since the early 1960s, large numbers of Haitians have emigrated from their native island nation. Changes in federal immigration legislation in the 1970s in both the United States and Canada enabled immigrants of colour a facilitated entry into the two countries, and this factor contributed to the arrival of Haitians to the North American continent. These newcomers primarily settled in cities along the eastern seaboard, in Boston, Miami, Montréal and New York. The initial motivator of this two-wave Haitian migration was the extreme political persecution that existed in Haiti under the iron-fisted rule of the Duvalier dictatorships and their secret police (popularly known as the “tontons macoutes”) over a thirty year period from the late 1950s to the mid 1980s.
Towards First Rate - Ideas
Authors: Shinagawa Larry
Published: May 2019

Recently, my 21 year old son and I returned to California to visit my father, sister and extended Shinagawa clan during the winter holiday season. Three months earlier, my mother had passed away after several years of illness fighting off the twin demons of tuberculosis and pneumonia. My father was recovering slowly from the loss of my mother and my sister was doing her best to keep up his spirits. During the illness and after my mother's passage, a reverend of the local Japanese American Buddhist church helped enormously with the pain, sense of loss, and the need to let go. My father and sister were so impressed with the compassion and dedication of this reverend that they resolved to attend the Buddhist church services from there on out.
Fire in de Cane: Metaphors of Indo Trinidadian Identity in Ramabai Espinet's The Swinging Bridge
Authors: Kanhai Rosanne
Published: May 2019

The evolution of identity is on-going, yet to articulate identity is the self analysis of a people's understanding of who they are at a particular time. Perhaps in more stable societies, identity has not been a preoccupation, not the “stuff” of literature and other types of art. However, for us, in the western hemisphere, where indigenous populations have been brutally decimated and room made for more brutality in the uprootment, transportation and relocation of peoples from different parts of the globe, we find it a crucial to pause and understand who we are as we connect with each other. In the Caribbean, the articulations of identity are also placed within the geographic structure of an archipelago of islands. Physically each island is surrounded by the mighty Atlantic, yet each is one step away the other. Historically and psychologically, the Caribbean populations are also one step away from their ancestral cultures, from the colonial cultures, and from the dominant culture of North America. A “swinging bridge” is an apt metaphor to explore the Caribbean history and reality of flux yet rooted-ness, of connectedness yet separation.
Sacred Hoop Dreams: Basketball in the Work of Sherman Alexie
Authors: Goldstein David S.
Published: May 2019

The game of basketball serves as a fitting metaphor for the conflicts and tensions of life. It involves both cooperation and competition, selflessness and ego. In the hands of a gifted writer like Sherman Alexie, those paradoxes become even deeper and more revealing. In his short story collections, The Lone Ranger and Tonto Fistfight in Heaven and The Toughest Indian in the World, his debut novel, Reservation Blues, and his recent young adult novel, The Absolutely True Diary of a Part-Time Indian, Alexie uses basketball to explore the ironies of American Indian reservation life and the tensions between traditional lifeways and contemporary social realities. So central is basketball to the Lone Ranger and Tonto short story collection, in fact, that the paperback edition's cover depicts a salmon - the Coeur d'Alene Indians are fishermen - flying over a basketball hoop.
Trusting an Abusive System: Systemic Racism and Black Political Engagement
Authors: Simmons Matthew
Published: May 2019

Africana people in America have relied upon the utilization of political participation in order to address the economic and societal ills that plague its community. Africana people have made strides at all levels of the American government. Africana people were a vital voting block that helped to elect the first American President of African descent. However, studies have shown that the conditions of Africana people in America have not substantially changed since the Voting Rights Act of 1 965 was enacted. Africana political participation has not equated to socioeconomic equality on a large scale for the Africana community. Utilizing Feagin's Systemic Racism Theory, this project looks to examine why solely relying upon the American political system is symptomatic of disagency for Africana people and argues that this dis-agency does not empower our people to seek solutions. It places the power to liberate in the oppressor's hands, thus maintaining the inequality that continues to exist in America. This article also argues for Africana people to look to themselves as the avenue for addressing the societal ills that it faces. It also argues that Africana people must be their own mechanism for liberation. In addition, the terms Africana and Black will be used interchangeably in the project because those terms are most readily identifiable to people of African descent living in America.
La metodología dramática en la obra de Adam Smith
Authors: López Lloret Jorge
Published: May 2019

El presente artículo proporciona un marco para una lectura unificada del pensamiento de Adam Smith. Se basa en la síntesis de dos líneas de investigación que aún no se han unido convincentemente: la que ha esclarecido la metodología newtoniana de la parte económica de su producción y la que ha recurrido al modelo dramático para interpretar su pensamiento ético. Como estrategia expositiva en él se subsume el modelo newtoniano bajo el modelo dramático y se identifica como referente para Smith el análisis de la fábula trágica desarrollado por Aristóteles en su Poética. Con ello se destaca la centralidad de la imaginación productiva en su propia obra, tanto en la construcción de sus objetos como en la organización didáctica de sus textos, concluyéndose que la creatividad estética fue para él la metodología básica que subyacía al rigor científico.
El problema de la gradación ontológica del esse immateriale en Tomás de Aquino
Authors: Hernández Fernando Gabriel
Published: May 2019

Aristóteles afirma en el De Anima que percibir consiste en recibir una forma sensible sin materia. Cuando Tomás de Aquino comenta este pasaje precisa la definición del Estagirita y sostiene que esa forma sensible posee una existencia intencional (esse intentionale) en el sujeto cognoscitivo. De esta manera, denomina inmutación espiritual (immutatio spiritualis) al proceso por el cual un ente recibe una forma sensible que posee una existencia intencional. Los problemas respecto a la inmutación espiritual surgen cuando se estudia en profundidad su status ontológico, puesto que en varias de sus obras el Aquinate declara que se trata de una inmutación inmaterial, pero en muchas afirma que es una inmutación material. El objetivo de este artículo es resolver esta aparente contradicción y demostrar que para Tomás de Aquino existe una gradación ontológica.
Invariance, symmetry and lawfulness
Authors: Rolleri José Luis
Published: May 2019

In this paper I attempt mainly to elucidate the claim, advanced by Woorward (1992), that the key notion to characterize physical laws is that of invariance. I draw a distinction betwen two levels of invariance in order to elaborate that thesis. I maintain that distinctive marks of the nomic status of basic laws of physics are either that they hold invariantly, within a domain of applivation, or that they fulfill some principles of symmetry. The fomer mark relatesd to the manner in which physical systems change invariantly whereas the latter concerns to the invariance of the laws themselves. This view contrats with the traditional philosophical thesis that physical laws are true universal statements with a necessary character which differentiate then from accidental true generalizations, which are contingent.
AXIOLOGICAL ORIENTATION AS A FORMATION FACTOR OF GENDER TOLERANCE IN STUDENT-AGE POPULATION
Authors: PILETSKA LIUBOMYRA , DOBROVOLSKA VITALIIA
Published: May 2019

In the article, we carried out a theoretical analysis of gender tolerance concept and determined external and internal factors of its formation. There were distinguished the levels of our research concept: high, average and low; listed the main principles of gender tolerance, proposed the structure that includes four components: cognitive, emotional, behavioral, axiological; defined the characteristic features that merge in tolerant person. Axiological orientations are inner factors of gender tolerance formation that include instructions, beliefs, needs, objectives, motives, ideals, affirmations and values. The listed components have been grouped into three blocks: cognitive, motivational, operational, and distinguished the indicators of gender tolerance. We have emphasized the importance of study of psychological gender of personality, values, affirmations and beliefs, degree of acceptance of gender stereotypes within the range of research problem that will advance the level of gender culture.
ORGANIZATION OF EDUCATIONAL WORK ON THE FORMATION OF VALUABLE ATTITUDE TO OWN HEALTH OF CHILDREN AGED 6-7 YEARS OF LIFE IN INTERACTION OF PRE-SCHOOL EDUCATION INSTITUTION AND PRIMARY SCHOOL
Authors: PYECHKA LARYSA
Published: May 2019

The article highlights the results of the approbation of the method of forming the basis of valuable attitude to the health of children aged 6-7 years of life in the interaction of the institutions of preschool education and primary school. The stages of organization of experimental work are presented in the paper. The basic forms and methods of formation of the basis of valuable attitude to the own health of children 6-7 years of life are determined. The achievements of pre-school childhood with the purpose of their enrichment at the junior school age and ensuring the consistent growth of the child's personality are determined. The necessity of taking into account the principle of continuity in the work of the institution of preschool education and primary school is proved in relation to the formation of healthy lifestyle habits of children. The work with teachers, parents is analyzed in the context of the problem under investigation.
FORMATION OF ETHNIC CONSCIOUSNESS OF THE FUTURE PEDAGOGUE IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE EUROPEAN EDUCATIONAL SPACE
Authors: VASYLYK MARYNA
Published: May 2019

The article is devoted to modern approaches of formation of ethnic consciousness of future teachers of primary school in the conditions of the multicultural society and their education as citizens of Europe. Multicultural competence is a factor of a successful professional activity. In the article, the author analyzed the problem of forming of future specialists’ multicultural competence in connection with the globalization processes and integration of Ukrainian higher education in European educational community. The research stresses that formation of students’ outlook, their value orientations, modern social and humanistic thinking in an educational process are important. It is emphasized that the multiculturalness must become an integral part of every national educational system. The multiculturalness is a key principle of making totally new educational system of Ukraine. Respect and acceptance of cultural variety in the society coexistence of dialogues without loss of the national and cultural identity of the representatives of the society leads to its spiritual and cultural enriching.

The article is an author's translation of the text published in the Journal of the National Academy of the State Border Guard Service of Ukraine, series: Pedagogics, 5 (2016) (in Ukrainian).
COLLECTIVE MENTALITIES IN THE SYSTEM OF CULTURAL DETERMINANTS OF SOCIAL COMPETENCE
Authors: VARETSKA OLENA
Published: May 2019

The article substantiates the importance of the development of social competence in the process of globalization. It outlines the author's view on the influence of collective mentalities in the system of socio-cultural determinants, researches the opinions of scholars on the essence of mentality, individual and group mentality, nation and ethnos mentality. It covers the features of ethnic Ukrainians, their inherent trait enabling to consolidate around the national idea.
FORMATION OF COMPLETE REFLEX CONSTRUCTIONS OF FUTURE PEDAGOGUE IN THE EDUCATIONAL ENVIRONMENT OF HIGHER EDUCATION
Authors: ZHELANOVA VIKTORIYA
Published: May 2019

The article substantiates the relevance and expediency of the implementation of reflexively oriented education of a future teacher in a modern institution of higher education. The essence of reflexive constructs of the future teacher as unity of reflexive competence and reflexively deterministic constructs is revealed. The reflexive competence of the future teacher is defined as professional-personal metaquality and is represented in two planes: 1) as an independent construct; 2) as a determinant, which determines the development of reflexively saturated constructs. In the context of reflexive determination, the motivational, semantic and subjective fields of personality are presented. The directions of the process of transformation of components of reflexive competence, as well as motives, meanings, professional subjectivity in the plane of their reflexive determination are revealed. The phenomenon of the educational environment of the institution of higher education is analyzed and attention is focused on its reflexive orientation. The logic and peculiarities of the formation of reflexive constructs of the future teacher in accordance with the phases of the environment (adaptation to the environment, the active reproduction of the environment by students, the active influence of students on the environment and the independent creation of the environment) are highlighted.
ACTUALIZATION OF LEADERSHIP AS A KEY CATEGORY OF NEOECONOMICAL COMMUNITY: SOCIO-CULTURAL AND EDUCATIONAL ASPECTS
Authors: GRIBOVYCH ANNA , KONDUR OKSANA , MELNYK YAROSLAV
Published: May 2019

The problem of leadership as a key category in the formation of a new generation of socially active and business people is examined in the article. To our time, the leadership and initiativeness are described in a large extent within the framework of the training of the university specialist category. It is proposed to bring it to a wide educational and professional position and to focus its attention on the university system. The reorganization of the higher educational system is also proposed, taking into consideration the need for actualization of leadership by itself. The results are interpreted in the framework of humanitarian, political, economic, social and demographic problems of Europe at the beginning of the XXI century.
THE PHILOSOPHICAL FOUNDATIONS OF THE RESEARCHES OF THE INCLUSIVE EDUCATION
Authors: VASIANOVYCH HRYHORIІ , BUDNYK OLENA
Published: May 2019

In the article on the basis of primary sources the philosophical foundations of the modern inclusive education are examined. The content description of the idea “inclusive education” is presented, the necessity of its implementation is proved. It is focused on two basic philosophical foundations of its development: personalism and intuitionism. Such an approach is caused by the fact that in modern studies on the above-mentioned range of problems are mainly dominated by rationalist methodological approaches, in contrast with the irrationalistic theories are often out of the attention. In our analysis and interpretation, the philosophy of personalism plays an important methodological role because it helps clarify the essence of the uniqueness and originality of each child with special needs and to determine the real ways of her spiritual and psychophysical development. The philosophy of intuitionalism focuses on the study of issues related to the formation of consciousness of a person with special needs. Therefore, the authors proved the necessity of using the intuitive method of research, which allows to promote the communication of subjects of interaction actively, to reveal their spiritual potential, to perform the search for ways of forming thinking in children with special needs, use the language, culture and art at the same time and in an active way.
Student indebtedness amongst graduates from Canadian Optometry Schools
Authors: Bitton Etty , Jones Deborah
Published: May 2019

Purpose: The objective of this study was to investigate the level of student indebtedness amongst the graduates from the two Canadian optometry schools (Montreal and Waterloo). A secondary objective was to investigate the financial impact of the clinical externship program on the overall student debt.

Methods: The 2007 graduating class was surveyed anonymously. Information was obtained on demographics, number of years of study, expenses related to externships and the overall estimated level of debt upon graduation.

Results: The mean overall debt varied between zero and one hundred and fifty thousand ($150,000 Cdn), with UW students having a higher mean debt (UM $26,750; UW $75,165 Cdn; p<0.05). Males had a significantly higher debt than females at either school (F $48,200 vs M $59,231; p<0.05).

Conclusions: This is the first report of Canadian optometry student indebtedness. Understanding the factors that contribute to the optometry student indebtedness is the first step in understanding the financial burden of students attending Canadian optometry schools.
Review of the Canadian Association of Optometrists Frequency of Eye Examinations Guideline – Summary
Authors: Robinson Barbara E , Stolee Paul , Mairs Katie , Santi Selena , Glenny Christine
Published: May 2019

Review of the Canadian Association of Optometrists Frequency of Eye Examinations Guideline – Summary
Bringing Back Main Street in Morrisburg
Authors: Hunter Rob
Published: May 2019

The suggestion that the Municipality of South Dundas should look at developing and implementing a Main Street Morrisburg Streetscape Project was highlighted in a recently completed report. The report was conducted under the Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs’ First Impressions Community Exchange (FICE) program. The FICE report in question was provided to the Municipality of South Dundas by representatives from the Town of Gananoque in September 2016 and this project was one of the major recommended action items that was contained within it (Zandbergen, 2016).For more than half a century, the Village of Morrisburg has lacked a proper Main Street Business District. It all started back in the mid-1950’s when about a third of the Village of Morrisburg, including the Main Street area, which was the original business district was lost forever under a wall of water. This was caused by the flooding required to construct the St. Lawrence Seaway due to the need to deepen the seaway to allow larger ships to navigate the river. In the process, Lake St. Lawrence was created. Because the flooding included significant parts of Morrisburg (including the central business district) along with other entire villages like Farran’s Point and Aultsville in Eastern Ontario, Morrisburg is included in some publications as what has become known as the Lost Villages.Keywords: Streetscape, First Impressions Program, Main Street, Business District, Lost Villages
Conditions for economic prosperity: transforming residential neighbourhoods
Authors: Barton Tina
Published: May 2019

In every city there are stories of neighbourhood successes and failures. Why do some neighbourhoods excel at attracting and sustaining economic activity, whereas others fail? What conditions would best assist a neighbourhood in enhancing its economic prosperity? This paper examines the connection between transit-oriented development and economic impact, with a comparison of bus versus light-rail transit implications. “Complete streets” and mixed-use models of development, evolving lifestyle preferences, and related opportunities for community economic development are explored. Communities, municipalities and neighbourhood business associations can draw upon these models, practices and strategic considerations to guide their planning for future economic success.Keywords: Suburban economic development, neighbourhood revitalization, transit-oriented development, mixed-use neighbourhoods, community placemaking
Comparison of biomarkers between genotypes 1a and 3a in hepatitis C virus patients with control group
Authors: Yazdansetad Sajjad , Razavi Nikoo Hadi , Azimi Seyed Mahmoud , Mohebbi Alireza , Niazi Massumeh , Ajorloo Mehdi
Published: May 2019

Introduction: Three percent of people worldwide are infected with Hepatitis C virus (HCV). A few studies have been performed to evaluate the biochemical markers of the disease. In the current study, biochemical markers were evaluated in HCV patients and the control group.

Methods: Two sex- and age-matched healthy individuals (n = 100) and HCV positive patients (n = 100) were included (mean age of 20-75, 26.0% females and 74.0% males). Biochemical markers, including liver enzymes (ALT, AST and ALP), lipid profiles (cholesterol, LDL, and HDL) and triglyceride (TG) were investigated in both groups. HCV genotyping was also performed by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and OHNO methods.

Results: The biochemical markers between HCV patients and controls were compared (cholesterol, ALP, AST, ALT, LDL: p = 0.0001, HDL: p = 0.002, TG: p = 0.003), and statistically significant difference was found between two groups. The biochemical markers between HCV patients and the control group in terms of age was compared and no differences was observed (p = 0.741), however, there was a significant difference in sex between HCV patients and control group (26.0% females, 74.0% males in control group, and x% females and y% males in HCV patients) (p = 0.032). The results of HCV genotyping showed that 39 patients were genotype 1a, and 43 patients were genotype 3a, and 1 patient was genotype 2a. Evaluation of biochemical markers in patients with genotype 1a and 3a showed that there were significant differences in cholesterol (p = 0.001), LDL (p = 0.001) and HDL (p= 0.003) levels, but there were no significant differences in liver enzymes and TG levels in both genotypes.

Conclusion: In the present study, we found significant difference in biochemical markers between HCV patients and controls. In HCV patients, the biochemical markers were dependent on HCV genotypes, and their levels in genotype 1a were higher than genotype 3a. In conclusion, biochemical markers are one of the most important factors for the identification of treatment.
Cardiac Resynchronisation Therapy and Cellular Bioenergetics: Effects Beyond Chamber Mechanics
Authors: Antoniou Christos-Konstantinos , Manolakou Panagiota , Magkas Nikolaos , Konstantinou Konstantinos , Chrysohoou Christina , Dilaveris Polychronis , Gatzoulis Konstantinos A , Tousoulis Dimitrios
Published: May 2019

Cardiac resynchronisation therapy is a cornerstone in the treatment of advanced dyssynchronous heart failure. However, despite its widespread clinical application, precise mechanisms through which it exerts its beneficial effects remain elusive. Several studies have pointed to a metabolic component suggesting that, both in concert with alterations in chamber mechanics and independently of them, resynchronisation reverses detrimental changes to cellular metabolism, increasing energy efficiency and metabolic reserve. These actions could partially account for the existence of responders that improve functionally but not echocardiographically. This article will attempt to summarise key components of cardiomyocyte metabolism in health and heart failure, with a focus on the dyssynchronous variant. Both chamber mechanics-related and -unrelated pathways of resynchronisation effects on bioenergetics – stemming from the ultramicroscopic level – and a possible common underlying mechanism relating mechanosensing to metabolism through the cytoskeleton will be presented. Improved insights regarding the cellular and molecular effects of resynchronisation on bioenergetics will promote our understanding of non-response, optimal device programming and lead to better patient care.
Obesity and Cardiovascular Risk After Quitting Smoking: The Latest Evidence
Authors: Hasegawa Koji , Komiyama Maki , Takahashi Yuko
Published: May 2019

Smoking cessation is one of the most effective ways to reduce cardiovascular risk. However, weight gain and abdominal obesity generally occur after quitting smoking, as a result of nicotine withdrawal. Obesity increases various inflammatory markers, and weight gain after smoking cessation temporarily increases the risk of diabetes and reduces the benefit gained by smoking abstinence. The benefits of smoking cessation may be minimised by obesity in those who have stopped smoking. Pharmacological treatment with medications such as nicotine patches and varenicline is useful to suppress weight gain during smoking cessation. Supporting patients to continue smoking cessation and to gradually decrease their weight will be crucial.
Identification of an intestinal microbiota signature associated with hospitalized patients with diarrhea
Authors: Mohammadzadeh Nima , Kalani Behrooz Sadeghi , Bolori Shahin , Azadegan Azadeh , Gholami Afsaneh , Mohammadzadeh Rokhsareh , Masjedian Jazi Faramarz
Published: May 2019

As an important global health challenge, diarrhea kills nearly two million people each year. Postinfectious irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) usually manifests itself as the diarrhea-predominant subtype. Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth has been observed more frequently in patients with IBS compared to healthy controls. However, the pathophysiology of IBS is not fully understood, and based on recent evidences, altered gut microbiota is involved in the pathogenesis of IBS. Therefore, we aimed to compare the microbiome in hospitalized patients with diarrhea and healthy individuals. Thirty patients and 10 healthy controls were included into this case–control study. Microbial count was performed using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction method using bacterial 16S rRNA gene. Clostridium cluster IV and Bacteroides were significantly more frequent in the patients compared with the healthy individuals (p = 0.02 and 0.023, respectively). However, the quantity of Enterococcus and Bifidobacterium groups were significantly higher in healthy controls than in diarrheal group (p = 0.000076 and 0.001, respectively). The results showed that the number of bacteria in all bacterial groups was significantly different between healthy individuals and diabetic group, whereas the difference between the healthy group and IBS was not significant for Bifidobacterium group. The findings of this study outlined the relationship between diarrhea, IBS, and diabetes disease and bacterial composition. It could be concluded that modifying the bacterial composition by probiotics can be helpful in the control and management of the mentioned disease.
SENSITIVITAS Nitzschia sp TERHADAP TEMBAGA DAN KADMIUM
Authors: Puspitasari Rachma , Purbonegoro Triyoni
Published: May 2019

The use of representative test organism with the tested material is absolutely critical factor in a bioassay. Various tropical test organism has been widely used in Indonesia such as fish, sea urchins, fish and phytoplankton. Phytoplanktons such as Chaetoceros gracilis, Tetraselmis sp., Isochrysis sp., Pavlova sp., live in the water column have been well documented. However, benthic phytoplankton such as Nitszchia sp. not widely known. This paper aims to examine the potential of Nitzschia sp. as a sediment bioassay test biota. Parameters studied were growth curve and sensitivity to cadmium and copper. The results showed that the growth of Nitszchia sp. increased rapidly on the fourth day until the sixth day. After the sixth day, the growth tends to decrease. Sensitivity to toxicants was indicated by IC50 (Inhibition Concentration) value of 0.078 for copper and 0.26 mg / L for cadmium. The conclusion of this study is, Nitszchia sp. can be used as test organims for sediment bioassays because they meet the minimum density requirements as well as are sensitive to cadmium and copper toxicants.
SEBARAN PRODUKTIVITAS PRIMER KAITANNYA DENGAN KONDISI KUALITAS AIR DI PERAIRAN KARIMUN JAWA
Authors: Nuzapril Mulkan , Susilo Setyo Budi , Panjaitan James P.
Published: May 2019

Kepulauan Karimun Jawa merupakan gugusan pulau-pulau yang memiliki sumberdaya pesisir yang besar. Sumberdaya pesisir di Karimun Jawa didukung dengan adanya ekosistem penting seperti ekossistem karang, lamun, rumput laut dan mangrove. Meningkatnya pariwisita di perairan Karimun Jawa dapat mengakibatkan kerusakan ekosistem dan berdampak menurunnya kesuburan perairan di sekitar laut. Hal tersebut berdampak pada organisme yang terdapat pada perairan tersebut. Klorofil-a merupakan pigmen fitoplankton yang berperan penting dalam proses fotosintesis. Proses fotosintesis juga dipengaruhi oleh sinar cahaya yang masuk di dalam perairan sehingga apabila kekeruhan di suatu perairan tinggi dapat menyebabkan berkurangnya penetrasi cahaya yang masuk ke dalam perairan.  Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis produktivitas primer kaitannya dengan parameter lingkungan yang berpengaruh terhadap produktivitas perairan. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah menggunakan analisis komponen utama (PCA). Uji laboratorium yang dilakukan adalah analisis konsentrasi klorofil-a dan muatan padatan tersuspensi. Hasil dari penelitian ini yaitu nilai produktivitas primer berkisar antara 37.5 – 75 mgC/m3/jam. Hasil analisis PCA menunjukkan bahwa indikator yang dominan  dalam produktivitas primer adalah nilai klorofil-a dan muatan padatan tersuspensi
Passados que persistem na Amazônia peruana: disputas temporais e justiça entre os Ashaninka do rio Ene (1980-2017)
Authors: Bianchi Guilherme
Published: May 2019

O objetivo principal deste texto é entender de que maneira a insistência ameríndia na persistência do passado é parte de uma estratégia política de não repetição. Para tanto, com base em pesquisa etnográfica e revisão bibliográfica, proponho abordar a experiência histórica dos Ashaninka que habitam a bacia do rio Ene, na Amazônia central peruana. Acredito que as discordâncias em relação ao entendimentos dos marcos temporais do “conflito armado interno” entre o discurso dos Ashaninkas e o discurso do Estado peruano pode nos ajudar a tensionar e, assim, levar a sério as percepções não-Ocidentais de tempo e de justiça. Ao discutir os limites e potenciais derivados da cosmologia indígena como um modo legítimo de ser e de se relacionar com o tempo e a política, creio que seja possível e necessário produzir valor ontológico e epistemológico para experiências diferenciadas de tempo, a fim de conceber a história como uma ferramenta ética que permita um espaço de reflexão para a justiça epistêmica.
Publish or Perish v2
Authors: Bates Susan E.
Published: May 2019

Communication of clinical trial outcomes is important, but the results of many clinical trials are never published. If we do not publish the results of clinical trials, the lessons learned from those trials will perish. The Oncologist offers a powerful solution through the Clinical Trial Results publishing platform, which uses an established template for authors to easily build a manuscript by simply providing the essential trial data. Through it, every patient's legacy of clinical trial enrollment can matter.
Assessing the residual capacity and future performance of the Mason River Bridge, NZ
Authors: McHaffie Brandon , Waldin Jeremy
Published: May 2019

On 14 November 2016, the Mason River Bridge in North Canterbury, New Zealand, was rocked by one of the most complex and violent earthquakes ever recorded. This resulted in significant plastic hinging at the base of the pier columns. To avoid major costly repairs and strengthening, an innovative hardness and material testing technique was employed to determine the damage to reinforcement and residual capacity of the plastic hinges. This technique was developed for damaged buildings following the 2010 and 2011 Christchurch earthquakes, and is the first known example of its use for an earthquake-damaged bridge. Coupled with detailed non-linear time history analysis of the structure, this testing and analysis allowed the bridge's current and future seismic performance to be determined and helped justify the use of more conventional repairs, with major strengthening and seismic retrofit being avoided. This paper discusses the earthquake damage observed, the seismic performance of the structure, the advantages and disadvantages of the innovative material testing techniques, maintenance and repairs to the bridge and the expected performance of the repaired columns
Maintenance of early reinforced-concrete road bridges in Aberdeenshire, Scotland
Authors: O'Connor Kieran , Wynd Blair , Cunningham Gillian , MacPherson Donald
Published: May 2019

This paper describes the development of long-term asset management plans for five early reinforced-concrete bridges in Aberdeenshire, Scotland. The bridges were constructed between 1924 and 1938 and are significant in terms of strategic importance and/or size, with total lengths ranging from 62 to 192 m. Identified defects included leakage, cracking, delamination, spalling and reinforcement corrosion. Detailed inspections, material testing and structural assessments were undertaken for each bridge to assess the current condition and capacity. Future deterioration models were developed to estimate when weight restrictions and replacement would become necessary and to determine optimal intervention dates. Several strategies were reviewed, including minimal maintenance, programmed maintenance, strengthening and replacement. Whole-life costs were developed for each strategy to identify the most cost-effective long-term solution.
Çok Kültürlü İş Ortamlarında Entegrasyon Mekanizmaları: Uluslararası Barış Güçleri Üzerine Nitel Bir Araştırma
Authors: ŞEN Cem
Published: May 2019

Bu çalışmanın amacı, uluslararası barış gücü görevlerinde başarılı olmak

için kullanılmasının faydalı olabileceği kültürlerarası entegrasyon

mekanizmalarının incelenmesidir. Barış gücü operasyonları, kültür temelli

problemler potansiyeli taşımaktadır. Söz konusu problemlerin önlenmesi

maksadıyla kültüre, kültürler arası ilişkilere ve bunların etkilerine bütünsel

bir yaklaşım geliştirmek gerekmektedir. Araştırma kapsamında; bu operasyonlara

katılmış asker ve sivil personel ile yapılan 49 mülakat, yazarın katılımlı

gözlemleri, rapor ve haberleri içeren arşiv araştırmasından elde edilen veriler

değerlendirilmiştir. Nitel araştırma yöntemleriyle elde edilen bulgulara göre;

etkin ve etkili bir yönetim kültürü oluşturabilmek için kültürel farklılıkları

tolere edip onlara saygı göstermenin ve hibrid bir kültür oluşturmanın

gerektiği ön plana çıktığı görülmüştür.
Türkiye’de Savunma Sanayi Gelişim Tarihi İçinde Makine ve Kimya Endüstrisi Kurumunun Kuruluş Dönemi Faaliyetlerinin Analizi
Authors: ÖZLÜ Hüsnü
Published: May 2019

Osmanlı Devleti’nin kuruluşundan 17’nci yüzyıla

kadar her dönemde, harp sanayi faaliyetlerine önem verilmiş ve bu doğrultuda

yapılanmaya gidilmiştir. Ancak 19’uncu yüzyıldan itibaren dünyada meydana gelen

gelişmelerin gerisinde kalan Osmanlı Devleti son dönemlerinde bu etkinliğini

sürdürememiştir. Devletin son yıllarında harp sanayi alanında yeni bir

yapılanmaya gidilmiş ve “İmalât-ı

Harbiye-i Umumiye Müdürlüğü” kurularak bu alanda çalışmalara önem

verilmiştir.Cumhuriyetin ilanından sonra kurulan “Askerî Fabrikalar Umum Müdürlüğü”

1923 ile 1950 yılları arasında harp sanayinin etkinliğini ve sorumluluğunu

yüklenmiştir. Millî Mücadele’nin zaferle sonuçlanmasından sonra Ankara’da

temelleri atılan silah tamirhanelerinin yenilenmesi ve askerî fabrikaların

kurulması için çalışmalar başlatılmış ve bu iş için en uygun yer olarak

Kırıkkale belirlenmiştir. Ankara’da 1921 yılında kurulan silah tamirhanesi ve

marangoz atölyelerinden sonra bu bölgede askerî fabrikaların kurulması

çalışmaları hız kazanmıştır.Cumhuriyetin kuruluşunu takip eden on

yıllık dönem sonunda başlayan savunma sanayi kuruluş faaliyetleri çerçevesinde,

1933-1939 yılları arasındaki dönemde, savunma sanayisine de temel teşkil edecek

endüstrilere yönelik yatırımlar başarıyla sonuçlandırılmıştır. Bu süreçte

savunma sanayi alanında, özellikle havacılık sektöründe önemli gelişmeler

yaşanmıştır.

İkinci Dünya Savaşı’nın

dışında kalmayı başaran Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Devleti, bu dönemde kendi

kaynakları ile yetinmiş, ekonomik yetersizlikler ve savaş koşulları nedeniyle

silah sanayi alanında proje üretimi ve teknoloji transferi

gerçekleştirememiştir. Böylece sermayeleri yetersiz hâle gelen askerî

fabrikaların birçoğu kapanma noktasına gelmiştir. Bu dönemde askerî

fabrikaların, modern bir ordunun isteklerini karşılayacak kapasiteye

ulaştırılması ve yeniden teşkilatlandırılması zorunlu görülmüştür. Bu durumun

bir sonucu olarak savunma sanayi alanında yeni bir yapılanmaya ihtiyaç

duyulmuştur. İşte bu ihtiyaçlar sonucunda 15 Mart 1950 tarih ve 5591 sayılı

kanun ile Makine ve Kimya Endüstrisi Kurumu kurulmuş ve Askerî Fabrikalar Umum

Müdürlüğünden devredilen fabrika ve tesisler ile yeni bir yapılanmaya

gidilmiştir.
SOSYAL KONTROLÜN BAŞKA FENOMENLERİ GRAMATİK YAPILAR
Authors: AKÇAKAYA Nuh
Published: May 2019

Bu çalışma sosyal kontrol
olgusuna farklı bir açıdan bakmak için tasarlanmıştır. Burada daha önce
yapılmış olan bir kısım sosyal kontrol çalışmalarının argümanları göz önünde
bulundurularak, sosyal kontrolün dilsel yönüne dikkat çekilmiştir. Çalışmada üç
başlık açılmıştır. Birinci başlık dilsel yapıların özne üzerinde bir
tahakkümünün olduğu iddiası ile açılmış ve bu başlıkta gramer mantığı olan
fenomenlerin hepsinin özneyi biçimlendirebileceği ve dönüştürebileceği ifade
edilmiştir. Dilsel yapıların sadece söz öbekleri ile alakalı olmadığı,
toplumsal kurumların doğasının da dilsel olduğu ifade edilmiştir. Böylece hem
söz öbeklerinin hem de toplumsal kurumların kendine ait kurallarının olduğu ve
bu kuralları özneye dayatabildiği söylenmiştir. İkinci başlıkta sosyal
kontrolün klasik enstrümanları ele alınmıştır. Burada özel olarak klasik
sosyologların sosyal kontrole nasıl baktığı, genel olarak ise ana eğilimlerin
nasıl olduğu ele alınmıştır. Yüzeysel bir literatür taramasıyla sosyal
kontrolün birey- yapı eksenli incelendiği görülmüştür. Ancak klasik
sosyologların yapı nitelemesi gramatik yapıların tümü için değil, daha çok
toplumsal kurum ve makro yapıları işaret etmek için kullanılmıştır. Yani onlar,
yapı kavramını din, aile, siyaset gibi kurumları ya da toplumsal yapının
bizatihi kendisini işaret etmek için kullanmışlardır. Oysaki özellikle sosyal
felsefe içerisinde dilbilim ve göstergebilim çalışmalarının yapı tanımlamaları,
sosyal kontrole başka bir açıdan bakmak için imkân tanımaktadır. Bu minvalde
üçüncü başlıkta, sosyal kontrol çalışmalarının dilbilim ve göstergebilim
üzerinden nasıl yürütülebileceğinin örnekleri tartışılmıştır. Böylece gramatik
bir kısım mikro yapılar ele alınmış ve sosyal kontrol için yeni bir bakış
açısına ihtiyaç olduğu ifade edilmiştir. Son başlıkta argümanların
desteklenmesi için genel olarak semboller, söylemler ve duygular; özel olarak
da marş, slogan, mahalle baskısı, dedikodu ve beddua incelenmiştir.
A abordagem CTS no currículo do curso técnico em informática integrado ao ensino médio no IFRR
Authors: Bezerra Soares Edleila , SoaresAndrade Montanari Eunice Anália , Sales de Souza Nobre Sandra , Filgueira Bezerra Nilra Jane
Published: May 2019

Esta pesquisa propõe analisar como é abordado os conceitos de Ciência, Tecnologia e Sociedade (CTS) nos componentes curriculares do Projeto Pedagógico (PPC) do Curso Técnico em Informática Integrado ao Ensino Médio, ofertado pelo Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia de Roraima (IFRR). Para alcançar o proposto, fez-se um estudo teórico embasado nos autores que tratam sobre os conceitos de CTS, em seguida estudou-se sobre a legislação que rege a oferta de curso técnico integrado ao ensino médio e os Parâmetros Curriculares Nacionais do Ensino Médio (PCNEM) (2000). Após esses estudos, realizou-se uma análise do PPC do curso em questão, buscando visualizar se há inclusão dos conceitos de CTS no currículo e quais disciplinas e orientações metodológicas são utilizadas para abordar esses conceitos. Concluiu-se que o currículo do curso analisado, apesar de conter questões voltadas à formação de um sujeito crítico e com tomada de decisão consciente sobre a sua realidade, não apresenta de forma objetiva uma preocupação metodológica quanto ao fazer docente direcionado ao uso dos conceitos de CTS. Diante dessa realidade observada, sugerimos a criação de ações direcionadas a formação continuada dos professores com vistas a orientação e inclusão dos conceitos de CTS no currículo do curso.
Mandatory judicial constitutional review in Russia: problems of the theory and practice
Authors: Brezhnev O. V.
Published: May 2019

The paper shows the specificity of compulsory judicial constitutional review, reveals its role in the mechanism of legal protection of the Constitution of the Russian Federation. This institution is intended to guarantee constitutionality in the exercise of certain powers of the supreme state authorities, being an integral part of the legal composition of a decision made by public authorities that has constitutional significance (the application of measures of responsibility of public authorities, acceptance of a new constituent entity of the Russian Federation, convening of a referendum of the Russian Federation). In some cases, mandatory constitutional review is used as a means of ensuring constitutional legality of judicial law enforcement. The paper analyzes the features of compulsory judicial constitutional review: the emergence of a constitutional law dispute in this case is not always a prerequisite for appeal to the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation; the need for such appeal is provided for by mandatory legislation or follows from the legal stance of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation; some principles of constitutional proceedings in relation to the order of consideration of such cases demonstarte their regulatory impact in a special way.