bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Lunapark deficiency leads to an autosomal recessive neurodevelopmental phenotype with a degenerative course, epilepsy and distinct brain anomalies
Authors: Accogli Andrea , Zaki Maha S , Al-Owain Mohammed , Otaif Mansour Y , Jackson Adam , Argilli Emanuela , Chandler Kate E , De Goede Christian G E L , Cora Tülün , Alvi Javeria Raza , Eslahi Atieh , Asl Mohajeri Mahsa Sadat , Ashtiani Setareh , Au P Y Billie , Scocchia Alicia , Alakurtti Kirsi , Pagnamenta Alistair T , Toosi Mehran Beiraghi , Karimiani Ehsan Ghayoor , Mojarrad Majid , Arab Fatemeh , Duymuş Fahrettin , Scantlebury Morris H , Yeşil Gözde , Rosenfeld Jill Anne , Türkyılmaz Ayberk , Sağer Safiye Güneş , Sultan Tipu , Ashrafzadeh Farah , Zahra Tatheer , Rahman Fatima , Maqbool Shazia , Abdel-Hamid Mohamed S , Issa Mahmoud Y , Efthymiou Stephanie , Bauer Peter , Zifarelli Giovanni , Salpietro Vincenzo , Al-Hassnan Zuhair , Banka Siddharth , Sherr Elliot H , Gleeson Joseph G , Striano Pasquale , Houlden Henry , Severino Mariasavina , Maroofian Reza
Published: August 2023

LNPK encodes a conserved membrane protein that stabilizes the junctions of the tubular endoplasmic reticulum network playing crucial roles in diverse biological functions. Recently, homozygous variants in LNPK were shown to cause a neurodevelopmental disorder (OMIM#618090) in four patients displaying developmental delay, epilepsy and nonspecific brain malformations including corpus callosum hypoplasia and variable impairment of cerebellum. We sought to delineate the molecular and phenotypic spectrum of LNPK-related disorder. Exome or genome sequencing was carried out in 11 families. Thorough clinical and neuroradiological evaluation was performed for all the affected individuals, including review of previously reported patients. We identified 12 distinct homozygous loss-of-function variants in 16 individuals presenting with moderate to profound developmental delay, cognitive impairment, regression, refractory epilepsy and a recognizable neuroimaging pattern consisting of corpus callosum hypoplasia and signal alterations of the forceps minor (‘ear-of-the-lynx’ sign), variably associated with substantia nigra signal alterations, mild brain atrophy, short midbrain and cerebellar hypoplasia/atrophy. In summary, we define the core phenotype of LNPK-related disorder and expand the list of neurological disorders presenting with the ‘ear-of-the-lynx’ sign suggesting a possible common underlying mechanism related to endoplasmic reticulum-phagy dysfunction.
‘The True Physicians Here are the Padres’: British Christian Army Chaplains and the Liberation of Bergen-Belsen
Authors: Thompson Robert
Published: August 2023

When a senior medical officer summarised the work of army chaplains in the liberation of Bergen-Belsen concentration camp, he said: ‘The true physicians here are the padres, and they are doing more good to the patients than anyone else’. Chaplains, however, have been largely absent from the extensive scholarship on Belsen. Similarly, widespread interest in post-Holocaust Christian–Jewish relations has ignored the accounts of those Christians who encountered the aftermath of the Holocaust in the liberation of the camps. This article shows that chaplains fulfilled a unique role at Belsen, providing pastoral care which encouraged survivors as they shared their stories. This process of listening was the first encounter of British Christian ministers with the realities of the Holocaust as experienced by its survivors. As a consequence, they differ from most contemporary British narratives of Belsen in their appreciation of the Jewishness of the experience: they largely recognised survivors as Jews and sought to understand the specific nature of Jewish suffering. Finally, this article shows that chaplains recorded their experiences and displayed a sensitive approach to survivor testimony, ensuring not only that a wider audience learned the truth of the liberation of Belsen, but that those accounts were defined by the experiences of the Jewish survivors themselves. The article concludes that the experience of Christian chaplaincy in the liberation of Belsen uncovers a singular example of Christian–Jewish encounter in the aftermath of the Holocaust, one in which Christian ministers demonstrated a profound care for survivors, their identities and their stories.
Preoperative left ventricular diastolic dimension index is associated with outcomes after HeartMate 3 implantation
Authors: Vinogradsky Alice V , Hayashi Hideyuki , Kirschner Michael , Ning Yuming , Kurlansky Paul , Yuzefpolskaya Melana , Colombo Paolo , Sayer Gabriel , Uriel Nir , Naka Yoshifumi , Takeda Koji
Published: August 2023

OBJECTIVES

We investigated the association between indexed left ventricular diastolic dimension and clinical outcomes after HeartMate 3 implantation.

METHODS

We retrospectively reviewed patients implanted with the HeartMate 3 at our centre between November 2014 and September 2021. Left ventricular diastolic dimension was assessed via preoperative transthoracic echocardiography and left ventricular diastolic dimension index was calculated as left ventricular diastolic dimension/body surface area. The primary outcome was a composite of death or readmission due to right heart failure or stroke. The cut-off left ventricular diastolic dimension index value most closely associated with outcomes was determined by receiver-operating characteristic curve and restricted cubic spline analyses.

RESULTS

Left ventricular diastolic dimension index measurements were available for 252 of 253 (99.6%) patients. Using a left ventricular diastolic dimension index cut-off value of 33.5 mm/m2, the cohort was divided: left ventricular diastolic dimension index ≤ (n = 131) or > (n = 121) 33.5 mm/m2. While there were no significant differences in age, INTERMACS level and preoperative haemodynamics between groups, patients with smaller left ventricular diastolic dimension index were more likely to have a larger body surface area (2.1 vs 1.9 m2, P < 0.001), ischaemic cardiomyopathy [64 (49%) vs 40 (33%), P = 0.01] and smaller left atrium volume index [40.5 (32.3–54.0) ml/m2 vs 54.0 (43.0–66.8) ml/m2, P < 0.001]. Smaller left ventricular diastolic dimension index patients had significantly worse survival (74% vs 88%, log-rank P = 0.009) and freedom from adverse events (55% vs 73%, log-rank P = 0.005) at 3-year follow-up. Smaller left ventricular diastolic dimension index was independently associated with the composite outcome (Hazard ratio 2.24, P = 0.002).

CONCLUSIONS

Smaller preoperative left ventricular diastolic dimension index is associated with worse outcomes in patients undergoing HeartMate 3 implantation.
The parallel biosynthesis routes of hyperoside from naringenin in Hypericum monogynum
Authors: Wang Yingying , Cui Zhirong , Li Qianqian , Zhang Shuai , Li Yongyi , Li Xueyan , Kong Lingyi , Luo Jun
Published: August 2023

Hyperoside is a bioactive flavonoid galactoside in both medicinal and edible plants. It plays an important physiological role in the growth of flower buds. However, the hyperoside biosynthesis pathway has not been systematically elucidated in plants, including its original source, Hypericaceae. Our group found abundant hyperoside in the flower buds of Hypericum monogynum, and we sequenced its transcriptome to study the biosynthetic mechanism of hyperoside. After gene screening and functional verification, four kinds of key enzymes were identified. Specifically, HmF3Hs (flavanone 3-hydroxylases) and HmFLSs (flavonol synthases) could catalyze flavanones into dihydroflavonols, as well as catalyzing dihydroflavonols into flavonols. HmFLSs could also convert flavanones into flavonols and flavones with varying efficiencies. HmF3′H (flavonoid 3′-hydroxylase) was found to act broadly on 4′-hydroxyl flavonoids to produce 3′,4′-diydroxylated flavanones, dihydroflavonols, flavonols, and flavones. HmGAT (flavonoid 3-O-galactosyltransferase) would transform flavonols into the corresponding 3-O-galactosides, including hyperoside. The parallel hyperoside biosynthesis routes were thus depicted, one of which was successfully reconstructed in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) by feeding naringenin, resulting in a hyperoside yield of 25 mg/l. Overall, this research not only helped us understand the interior catalytic mechanism of hyperoside in H. monogynum concerning flower development and bioactivity, but also provided valuable insights into these enzyme families.
Push notifications for critical labs results: a pilot study in the intensive care unit (ICU)
Authors: Adhyaru Bhavin B , Hilburn Glenn , Oberg Mindy , Mann Karen , Wu Daniel
Published: August 2023

Objective

We developed a push notification allowing for an electronic acknowledgment of critical lab results to providers in the intensive care unit.

Materials and Methods

This project was conducted over a 3-month period at a large academic safety net hospital. A push notification and acknowledgment system were created to comply with the existing critical results notification requirements. We monitored the number of acknowledged results, time to acknowledgment, and lab type.

Results

Prior to the push notification, lab services paged the provider. This resulted in many critical lab results relayed to the clinician beyond the expected 10-minute window. With the push notification workflow, we found that, during the 3-month period, 82, or 5.8%, of the 1414 results were acknowledged. This represented 82 less pages/calls lab services had to make.

Discussion

The push notification alert was easy to use and there was quicker results notification when acknowledged. There were limitations due to hand-offs for clinicians and some were not familiar with the mobile technology and the electronic acknowledgment.

Conclusions

Although the acknowledgment rate was low, every electronic acknowledgment saved lab service technicians an average of 10 minutes compared to the existing workflow. As familiarity with the technology and workflow increases, this novel form of communication has the potential to have significant cost savings for lab services, in addition to efficiency gains for lab, clinicians, and more timely care. The integration of health information technology and push notification of critical labs should be the focus of investigation for further future research.
Extended Paraumbilical Perforator Flap Pedicled With the Inferior Epigastric Artery for Coverage of Type III Circumferential Electrical Burns of the Wrist
Authors: Shen Yu-Ming , Qin Feng-Jun , Du Wei-Li , Zhang Hui-Jun , Zhang Cong , Wang Cheng , Hu Xiao-Hua
Published: August 2023

Type III electrical burns on the wrist are characterized by circumferential wounds, three dimensional with sandwich-like necrosis, and progressive blood circulation disturbances. Limb salvage is challenging, and success in meeting this challenge depends on vascular reconstruction and wound coverage. This article is intended for the following purposes: to investigate the principles of wound debridement, the management of involved blood vessels, and the clinical effects of the extended paraumbilical perforator flap pedicled with the inferior epigastric artery for coverage of type III circumferential electrical burns of the wrist. A total of 13 male patients (age, 20 to 43 years; average, 29 years) were enrolled in the study. After early escharotomy, debridement, and vascular reconstruction, all wounds were repaired with the extended paraumbilical perforator flap pedicled with the inferior epigastric artery. Flap survival was achieved in all 13 patients. Subcutaneous liquefaction necrosis and infection beneath the flap occurred in three patients. Radial or ulnar artery reconstruction via the great saphenous vein (GSV) graft was performed in 12 cases. All patients had a mean follow-up of 6 to 36 months, and the flaps demonstrated satisfactory flexibility and texture. Hand function was preserved in eight patients, and no patients developed abdominal hernia. Thorough debridement, early vascular reestablishment, and wound coverage are essential for the overall limb salvage effort for type III circumferential electrical burns of the wrist. The extended paraumbilical perforator flap may provide a new and appropriate option for the primary repair of extensive soft tissue defects.
W. E. B. Du Bois’s Influence on Whiteness Studies and Critical Race Theory
Authors: Hughey Matthew W.
Published: August 2023

This chapter highlights the contributions of W. E. B. Du Bois to the animating assumptions and analytic focus of both Whiteness studies and critical race theory. As interdisciplinary approaches, both fields draw liberally from Du Bois’s vast analyses of the “race” concept but cohere around six primary tenets. Whiteness studies remains animated by Du Bois’s concentration on (1) the racially unequal distribution of economic, legal, social, and political privileges, (2) the simultaneous hypervisibility and invisibility of White identities, and (3) the moral inconsistencies and hypocrisies undergirding White racial projects. Relatedly, Du Bois’s awareness of (4) the homeostatic and normative character of racism, (5) the power of synthesizing biography, visionary fiction, and empiricism to counter White racialist narratives, and (6) the unique and intersecting nexus of structural susceptibilities together propel critical race theory. These fields owe their continued resonance and application to a Du Boisian inheritance that cannot rightfully be ignored.
Regulation of Slums and Slum Improvement in British Colonial History
Authors: Home Robert
Published: August 2023

This chapter investigates the history of legal regulation of slums. It argues that there was a transfer and continuity of official approaches to slums between metropolitan Britain and its colonial cities, approaches that survive in international development policy agendas. The term slum originally applied to crowded inner-city districts but has since widened to include peri-urban areas, indeed any poor housing concentrated in a small area. Nineteenth-century responses saw slum dwellers as morally degenerate and a public health threat, but came to recognize the need for affordable housing provision through government intervention. Regulatory frameworks developed with varying success, and improvement trusts were used in Asian cities to intervene in the urban built environment. The chapter summarizes research on Victorian London, Asian cities (Bombay and Calcutta), and African peri-urban areas, with a range of interdisciplinary methodologies referenced, including legal and community history, path dependency, actor network theory, policy mobility, and critical toponymy.
Women and Wages in Britain’s “Classic” Slums
Authors: Ross Ellen
Published: August 2023

Feminist scholarship on poor women’s social networks, particularly the work of anthropologist Carol Stack in the 1970s, uncovered contacts and meanings obscured by then-dominant “culture of poverty” approaches. This chapter looks at work by historians of the 1980s and 1990s who were part of the History Workshop movement’s project of uncovering the lives of Britain’s nineteenth-century working class. This research demonstrated the central place of women in shaping neighborhood life and in sustaining households in an era when the poor lived on wages, however erratic, rather than on “gig” employment and makeshifts. The “classic” slums of the late nineteenth century benefited from services and protection provided by the liberal state, unlike many shantytowns today worldwide where state and municipal services and protections are scarce. Sometimes sidelined in research today, women are central in shaping local culture and as caregivers. They have distinct needs and make gender-specific contributions to their communities.
Notting Dale
Authors: White Jerry
Published: August 2023

The Notting Dale area of North Kensington became one of the worst slums in London from the 1870s. Despite its intended origins as a middle-class suburb, it attracted one of the poorest populations in the metropolis. In 1893, a newspaper article by the campaigning journalist George R. Sims threw a dramatic spotlight on the area, labeling it a “West End Avernus,” or hell on earth. From then on, Kensington Borough Council and local philanthropists tried to drive out the rough metropolitan poor who continued to derive benefits from living there. In all of this the life stories of the people of Notting Dale remain elusive, though its population can, in part, be illuminated and humanized by the deployment of family history resources.
Post-Apartheid Politics in South Africa
Authors: Msimang Sisonke
Published: August 2023

This chapter discusses post-apartheid politics in South Africa. It begins by arguing that during the decade spanning 1994–2004, the African National Congress (ANC) was able to win resounding victories at the ballot box while demonstrating a strong commitment to democratic principles. The chapter then examines the second decade of ANC rule. Although the ANC secured a spectacular victory with 62 percent of the vote going into Thabo Mbeki’s second term of office, the chapter looks at the increasing cracks in the ANC’s unity and analyzes a number of examples of Mbeki’s wavering commitment to democratic principles. It also tracks the rise of Jacob Zuma, covering his rape trial and the violent masculinities it unleashed both in the wider body politic and within the governing Tripartite Alliance. Finally, the chapter explores the Rhodes Must Fall and Fees Must Fall movements, using them as a case study to understand the distorting effects of ANC dominance, not just on the state or in the formal political realm but in the politics of the everyday.
Digital Transformation in Health Care
Authors: Gersch Martin , Wessel Lauri
Published: August 2023

The health care industry is lagging behind other industries when it comes to digital transformation, a longitudinal process of fundamental changes that involves the production, generation, aggregation, and application of data through a multitude of technical means which affects both organizations and society at large. While health care might benefit from digitization, the observed lag and varieties of outcomes can be explained by the industry’s unique characteristics—a high level of institutionalization, significant historically rooted differences between countries, and a central role played by medical professionals and their practices. The cases of Ghana, China, and Europe are used to illustrate the different manifestations and challenges of digital transformation in health care across interconnected levels of analysis. Taken together, these examples show that if the transformation of professional practices is successful, more fundamental changes can be expected.
Coercion, Exploitation, and Undue Inducement
Authors: Phillips Trisha
Published: August 2023

This chapter provides a summative and critical review of coercion, exploitation, and undue inducement in human subjects research. It draws from both theoretical and empirical research to explore the nature, moral weight, and moral force of these concepts and identify issues that arise in a variety of biomedical and social science research settings. The chapter also examines the ways in which vulnerability, power, injustice, and misfortune can complicate both the interpretation and application of these concepts. The chapter highlights the various points of agreement and disagreement among the theoretical models and concludes that they all provide valuable information for researchers, scholars, and institutional review board members working to ensure that human subjects research is ethical.
Introduction
Authors: Harold James
Published: August 2023

This chapter introduces the volume. It describes the goals of the volume, as well as the rationale for choosing the topics covered. It also discusses some of the more specific aims. While the introduction summarizes each individual only chapter very briefly, it offers fuller summaries of each of the four sections of the volume, highlighting important themes and ideas. Of particular importance are: the focus on less discussed traditions, problems, and figures; historical and contemporary problems; how different ethical problems arise in different art forms and media; and the inter and intradisciplinary questions that arise in thinking about ethics and art.
Evolution of Art and Moral Concerns in New China
Authors: Man Eva Kit Wah
Published: August 2023

Mao Zedong’s speeches on literature and art at the Yenan Forum in 1942 lays out the socialist direction of artistic expression in the new China. The content and the form of art in China have then developed from political propaganda to social critiques. Mao promoted literature and art as basic revolutionary causes, and regarded them as the tools of ideological changes and political revolution. In 2014, Xi Jinping gave a speech at the Forum on Literature and Art in which he regarded art and literature as important means of enhancing cultural confidence and realizing the China Dream of national rejuvenation with prosperity. They are important manifestations of the country’s soft cultural power and comprehensive national strength. This chapter reviews the evolution of art and literature as national tools in the speeches of the two influential leaders, and how they discussed art and moral concerns in artistic practice and their different emphasis.
Kantian Approaches to Ethical Judgment of Artworks
Authors: Shapshay Sandra
Published: August 2023

It is difficult to capture a distinctively Kantian approach to the ethical evaluation of artworks since Kant’s own aesthetic concerns are arguably first and foremost about the aesthetic experience of nature, and only secondarily about art. Yet Kant’s theory of the pure judgment of taste (centered on natural objects) does lend some support to formalists and autonomists about art. Somewhat ironically, however, Kant’s own theory of fine art lends support to anti-formalists, moralists, and ethicists about art. This chapter considers a contemporary formalist (Nick Zangwill) and a contemporary autonomist (James Harold) to investigate to what extent their approaches to the ethical judgment of artworks may be justifiably termed “Kantian.” Next, it turns to some wider, suggestive connections that Kant drew between the overall domains of the aesthetic and the ethical. These include Kant’s theory of the sublime and its ramifications for morally salutary art; his view that interest in the beauty of nature (though notably not in art) is the mark of a morally good soul; and finally, Kant’s famous claim that beauty is a symbol of morality.
Forgery
Authors: Hick Darren Hudson
Published: August 2023

Grounded in a series of real-world cases, this chapter outlines approaches to the two key philosophical questions that tend to weigh on forgery: What is it, and why would it be wrong? Answering the first question requires cashing out the difference between referential and inventive forgeries, and proposals for what determines genuineness in different artforms. A series of hard cases show how artistic practices, which are neither stable, nor simple, nor uniform, complicate matters. With this as background, the second part of the chapter uses cases raised in the first half to analyze the several wrongs of forgery, including failures of integrity (including both moral duty and artistic integrity); harms (monetary, epistemic, and developmental); and violations of rights and duties (including discussion of rights against false attribution, and moral rights under the law).
Art, Ethics, and Vandalism
Authors: Bacharach Sondra
Published: August 2023

The first section of the chapter rehearses the merits and roots of the mainstream view about the ethics of vandalism. But this position does not consider some particular cases where vandalism is condoned. The remaining two sections explore two key situations where vandalism is celebrated. The author argues that vandalism is not only tolerated, but indeed appreciated, when it transforms an existing work into something new and different. To defend this view, the author introduces the concepts of replacement and additive vandalism to underscore why these artistically rich kinds of vandalism are valuable, and how they differ from the mere vandalism that is purely destructive. The third section considers some special contexts in which vandalism forms part and parcel of the artistic creative process. When the artistic creative process cannot involve authorial consent or sanction, the author argues that some form of vandalism is not only permissible, but necessary for the artwork’s creation. Street art and posthumously completed art are two paradigmatic cases where the process of artwork creation crucially lacks authorial consent or sanction. The chapter concludes with some reflections on the relationship between the ethics of vandalism and the ontology of artistic creation.
Art, Ethics, and Value in the Modern European Aesthetic Tradition
Authors: Costelloe Timothy M.
Published: August 2023

This chapter explores ethics and art in the modern European context by focusing not on the arts as such, then still a nascent category, but, as did writers of the period themselves, on different spheres of value, moral and aesthetic. The division between art and value is reflected in the distinction between philosophy of art and the aesthetic, and manifest in the view of leading contributors to the tradition. In order to connect these spheres, writers also identified a mechanism, taste, manifest variously as internal sense, sentiment, and imagination, though this also raised a number of problems, including effectively substituting aesthetic value for moral value and ignoring diversity. The chapter concludes by emphasizing how writing itself, including philosophy, cannot avoid the tension between the demand that writing have a civilizing influence and the fact that art is fundamentally representational and involves deception.
The Functions of Nonsuicidal Self-Injury
Authors: Taylor Peter James , Dhingra Katie , Peel-Wainwright Kelly-Marie , Gardner Kathryn Jane
Published: August 2023

This chapter explores the extant research concerning the functions of nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI), highlighting the key implications of this work for future research, clinical practice, and prevention. It uses the term “function” to refer to either the self-reported reasons for engaging in NSSI behaviors, or the expected or actual consequences of the behaviors. Many of the functions of NSSI are considered intrapersonal (sometimes called autonomic), focusing on changing or affecting a person’s internal states in some way. These include self-injury as a form of affect regulation, helping the person to cope with or reduce emotional distress. In addition to intrapersonal functions, many reported functions of NSSI are interpersonal in nature, involving other people. These include NSSI providing a means to express or communicate the level of distress one is experiencing, or as a way of seeking help from others. It has also been noted that NSSI may act as a means of hurting others. The chapter then outlines implications for future research and clinical practice based on what is known so far about the functions of NSSI.
NSSI in Elementary School
Authors: Van Hove Lisa , Baetens Imke , Simundic Amanda , Bloom Elana , Heath Nancy
Published: August 2023

This chapter discusses nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) found among children of elementary age, referencing the research on Belgian and Canadian elementary school staff’s experiences with children who engage in NSSI. Suicide ideation was associated with elevated levels of study anxiety, self-accusation, impulsivity, and loneliness across all age groups. In terms of NSSI methods, interfering with wound healing, head banging, and cutting were reported frequently by both Belgian and Canadian school staff. The chapter explains the most perceived reasons for engaging in NSSI were frustration, difficulty in communicating emotions, and managing stress. Most Belgian and Canadian school staff expressed that they felt ill-prepared to deal with NSSI situations, which resulted in the suggestion for NSSI professional development for elementary educators and school professionals.
NSSI in Older Adults
Authors: Van Hove Lisa , Baetens Imke , Hamza Chloe A. , Dierckx Eva , Haekens An , Fieremans Lila , Vanderstichelen Steven
Published: August 2023

This chapter explores the epidemiology of nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) in older adults. It explains how a systematic review presents the risk and protective factors of NSSI among the elderly population, referencing the selection process of the Meta-Analyses and Systematic Reviews of Observational Studies in Epidemiology. Even though some findings are similar to NSSI research on adolescents and young adults, the experience of loss is specific to NSSI-related behaviors among older adults. The chapter then considers the distinction between suicidal intent and the directness of self-harm within the elderly population. It suggests conducting a longitudinal, cross-cultural design that distinguishes between the specific forms of self-harm to conduct an early intervention and prevent NSSI repetition.
NSSI Among Sexual and Gender Diverse Youth
Authors: Zullo Lucas , Rogers Megan L. , Taliaferro Lindsay A.
Published: August 2023

This chapter considers the frequency of nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) among sexual and gender diverse (SGD) youth. Compared to their heterosexual and cisgender counterparts, SGD youth report higher rates of NSSI within the past year and across the lifespan. The chapter looks into the Minority Stress Model, which highlights the SGD youth’s experiences of stigma, discrimination, victimization, violence, rejection, and prejudice. The most powerful reductions in minority stress will likely occur once SGD youth have regular access to safe and affirming environments. The chapter clarifies that no evidence-based interventions are currently available to target this specific population aside from Attachment-Based Family Therapy (ABFT) for Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual (LGB) Youth, which was designed for suicidal sexual minority youth.
An Integrated Cognitive-Emotional Perspective of NSSI
Authors: Tonta Kate , Greene Danyelle , Hasking Penelope , Boyes Mark
Published: August 2023

This chapter covers an integrated cognitive-emotional perspective of nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI). Recent understandings of NSSI highlight the importance of emotions in the experience of NSSI. Transdiagnostic cognitive processes associated with the onset, maintenance, and recovery of NSSI range between rumination, distress tolerance, self-criticism, and perfectionism. Thus, therapists must consider from a range of therapeutic approaches how to best target emotional difficulties, transdiagnostic processes, and behavior-specific thoughts and beliefs. The chapter details how patterns of cognition can amplify emotional distress. It then mentions how future research could use ecological momentary assessment methodology to track emotion, cognitive processes, and behavior-specific thoughts and beliefs.
Media Representations of Nonsuicidal Self-Injury
Authors: Westers Nicholas J.
Published: August 2023

This chapter reviews the extant literature on the relationship between representations of nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) in media and NSSI engagement. It places this discussion within the context of the cognitive-emotional model of NSSI and begins by looking at the risk and protective factors of exposure to NSSI content in traditional forms of media, including films, television, news, music, and print novels and comics. Consistent with the Werther and Papageno effects, it summarizes media depictions of NSSI as increasing or decreasing the likelihood someone will experience NSSI urges, behaviors, and stigma. It then discusses how framing of NSSI matters in terms of perpetuating stigma and unhelpful narratives or promoting new and more helpful narratives, highlighting its bidirectional association with cultural narratives and public perceptions of the behavior. It references guidelines for responsibly depicting NSSI in media and then focuses on challenges, recommendations, and future considerations related to researching NSSI and media. Finally, it discusses ethical concerns and clinical implications. Key takeaways include: the way in which NSSI is represented in media may increase or decrease the risk for NSSI, although research is limited and causal relationships cannot be inferred; use of trigger warnings in media to warn audiences of potentially disturbing content related to NSSI may be ineffective or problematic; referencing NSSI media guidelines as flexible and aspirational “principles of conduct” may increase their uptake among media professionals; cinematherapy and bibliotherapy using exemplar NSSI portrayals may help individuals self-reflect on their own NSSI from a safe distance and consider alternative coping behaviors.
Social Contagion of Nonsuicidal Self-Injury
Authors: Jarvi Steele Stephanie , Jaffe Nigel , Murray Grace
Published: August 2023

This chapter explores the social contagion of nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) via interpersonal, media and online exposure among both youths and adults by referencing social learning theory and the Social Exposure to Non-Suicidal Self-Injury Scale. According to social learning theory, people imitate and learn certain behaviors by identifying with people who act as models. The chapter elaborates on the concepts of social learning, modeling, and imitation, and general recommendations for the assessment and treatment of clinical practice addressing social contagion factors. It then suggests utilizing ecological momentary assessment (EMA) and single-case experimental design (SCED) for future studies on social contagion of NSSI.
Disability, Lifelong Musical Engagement, and Care
Authors: Baker David
Published: August 2023

This chapter reflects on care in the lifelong musical engagement of disabled people. It outlines disability causes, categories, benchmarks, and how commonplace terms frame disabled people’s care. The chapter subsequently describes three disability models. It explores how ideas and beliefs embedded within these models shape people’s thinking on caring by giving examples from the author’s research on blind and partially sighted musicians. The chapter also considers the viability of caring for disabled musicians and music learners as accessible and socially inclusive practice. Nel Noddings’s writings on “caring about” and reciprocity in the teaching relationship are then discussed. In conclusion, the author suggests that Virginia Hel’s “distributive justice” and, where feasible, exploring the “insider” perspective of disabled people might be a way to counter ableism, and policy and pedagogical practice that, otherwise, circumvent their potential agency.
Caring Through Dialogical Relations in Community Music Settings
Authors: Benjamins Laura
Published: August 2023

This chapter addresses the notion of “care” in relation to musical and pedagogical practices within community music settings. Using the Bakhtinian concept of dialogism, the chapter explores how facilitators might encourage musicians’ engagement in participative dialogue and encounter with Others through their practices. It further examines dialogism within a Christian church worship context as a particular case study, considering how one’s immediate actions may position the self in relation to an Other, while also noting the significance of the social field or “text” to which one’s acts contribute. This chapter concludes with considerations for other community music-making settings, suggesting the necessity of active processes of reflection and awareness from facilitators and pedagogues.
The Musical Circle of Care
Authors: Morelli Janelize
Published: August 2023

Community music facilitators working with underserved communities need to be aware of the impact of past and continued violence on the persons they are musicing alongside. Community music facilitators wishing to practice with this awareness need to employ a trauma-informed approach. The musical circle of care is a pedagogical framework synthesized over the last decade of community music practice. It draws on research in trauma-informed care, attachment theory, and reflexive community music practice to develop the theoretical foundation of this framework. The musical circle of care is a conceptual framework that may be used to reflect on or co-create caring musicing workshops. This framework creates the basis for caring musicing rituals by proposing five phases through which the facilitator and participants may move during the workshop.
(Re)Imagining Intersectionality
Authors: Thomas-Durrell Latasha
Published: August 2023

This chapter considers intersectionality as a holistic approach to teaching music. Embedding care with a philosophy of intersectionality may lead to student autonomy and self-actualization as each student gets the particular care that they need and students are accepted in their wholeness and uniqueness. That care is developed over time and from a co-created learning space through several components, including (a) embracing dissent, (b) fostering critical thinking and autonomy, (c) each person getting what they need, and (d) acceptance of the whole person.
Facilitating Trust and Connection Through Musical Presencing
Authors: Hendricks Karin S. , Finn Delaney A. K. , Freeze Cheryl M. , Kono Jessandra
Published: August 2023

Trust in other people is experiencing a generally downward trend; however, music-making can provide a unique space for the facilitation of collective and relational trust. This chapter describes seven facets of trust (vulnerability, confidence, benevolence, honesty, openness, reliability, competence) in the conflict transformation work of Dani Larkin, a Belfast-based singer-songwriter and peacebuilding activist. Five themes related to trust, music-making, and conflict transformation are addressed: (a) the multifaceted and dynamic nature of trust, (b) facilitating a multilayered space of presence to foster trusting connections through music, (c) vulnerability and agency, (d) competence as self-awareness, and (e) trust in the process of music-making. The chapter offers implications for community musicians, classroom teachers, and others working in conflict situations.
Using the Lens of Psychological Safety to Understand the Effects of Bullying Within the School-Based Music Ensemble Classroom
Authors: Rawlings Jared R.
Published: August 2023

Bullying occurs on children’s playgrounds and even inside the school building; however, what about the music ensemble classroom? Music education researchers report that youth enrolled in a music ensemble demonstrate prosocial behaviors that may dampen bullying victimization experiences. The purpose of this chapter is to present and discuss the effects of peer victimization and psychological safety as an approach to address matters of music classroom inclusivity. This research and the investigations outlined within this chapter indicate that youths selecting to participate in a music ensemble, as an example of their resilience and agency, may be a factor that buffers the effects of bullying traumatic events.
The Vulnerability in Being Heard
Authors: Schei Tiri Bergesen
Published: August 2023

Young students who have chosen voice as their instrument in Norwegian music high schools often experience what is at stake when they go onstage. Performing in front of an audience is a sudden reminder that all human beings are susceptible, vulnerable bodies and that our voice is not only an extremely important relational tool but also a musical instrument embedded in the person. In this chapter, the point of departure is the human voice and how establishing a “caring relationship” between music teacher and student may liberate the student from the entanglements of misplaced voice shame and defensive shame avoidance.
Student and Teacher Mental Health
Authors: Dirks Rachel L.
Published: August 2023

Since 2011, researchers have revealed dramatic increases in the reported prevalence of anxiety, depression, and suicidal thoughts and behaviors among school children, especially adolescents. These increases are due to a variety of external stressors including social media, impending negative climate changes, and the COVID-19 pandemic. This chapter explores how shifts in mental health impact both students and teachers in the music classroom. It also introduces the framework of AIR (awareness, inquiry, and response) and its capacity to serve as a tool to help students and teachers cope with mental health concerns. The importance of relational trust between students and teachers is discussed as a means to create classroom and school environments that support the health and mental wellbeing of all.
Trauma
Authors: Hibbard Shannan , Price Erin
Published: August 2023

Music teachers routinely work with students whose behavior is disruptive to music-learning. Students living with the lasting effects of trauma may act as if they are chronically unsafe in their bodies. A result of adverse conditions, adaptive behaviors are beyond students’ immediate control. Unsafe or surprising behaviors may trigger music teachers’ anger, blame, or punitive tendencies, which only exacerbate students’ stress responses. Even the desire to help can activate music teachers’ deficit and salvationist thinking, which keeps them from seeing students beyond their trauma. When classroom relationships are considered through a trauma lens, however, teachers can consider universal compassionate approaches that may end cycles of harm and create the possibility for students’ safety, musical expression, and even empowerment.
Caring Connection, Music Participation, and Quality of Life of Older Adults
Authors: Lehmberg Lisa J. , Fung C. Victor
Published: August 2023

Research shows that human needs vary according to stage of life. Older adulthood is accompanied by a wide range of physical, psychological, and social changes. These illuminate a unique set of needs, including the need for older adults to form caring connections with others, with their inner selves, with their own life histories, with the realities of the present, and for the future of their families, friends, and community members. In this chapter, we focus on music participation as an important path to caring connection that helps older adults achieve a high quality of life. Lifelong musical growth should be a goal for all ages. We offer implications for older adults, service providers, and music educators.
Conveying Pupil Access to Wellbeing Through Relational Care in Music Education
Authors: Holdhus Kari
Published: August 2023

This chapter makes the claim that helping schoolchildren relate to music is an act of care. It especially points out the importance of contributing to pupils’ establishment of “musical asylums” of one’s own. By linking liminal aesthetic rooms to issues of social responsibility and education, it poses the question: How can, and why do, music teachers nurture musical processes and enhance pupils’ musical experiences with care? The multifaceted, theoretical answer comprises pedagogical stances of relational and reciprocal equity; acceptance of teacher vulnerability; the concept of “eudaimonia” (understood as wellbeing through citizenship); and a view on the facilitation of aesthetic, pedagogic transitional rooms as deeply connected with care.
Call Me by MY Name
Authors: Vũ Kính T.
Published: August 2023

What does care in music education look like when band directors make efforts to know their student musicians (who), beyond ensemble repertoire selections (what)? This narrative about two high school band directors explores teachers’ desires to reach beyond repertoire selection in an effort to know the Asian or Asian American students who participate in their concert and marching band programs. Particular attention is given to how these teachers have developed awareness of their Asian students’ names, and how that awareness aligns with intercultural sensitivity. Participants agreed that it is vital to know students’ names as a form of intercultural sensitivity whereby all learners are recognized and visible as human beings, not viewed merely as sonic contributors to band ensemble sound.
Caring About Deaf Music in Culturally Responsive Music Education
Authors: Churchill Warren N. , Hall Clare
Published: August 2023

This chapter considers the question of how we might be more critically reflexive about an ethic of care between music educators and Deaf people in educational contexts. The authors trouble deficit views of deafness (as a medical condition) that may elicit forms of caring responses based on remediation and compensatory measures. However, in light of the recent proliferation of music-making originating from within the Deaf community, the authors advocate for rethinking care in terms of community rather than deficit. The authors offer an analysis of a Deaf Camp video, which promotes a model of what care can look like in the Deaf community. Noddings’s feminist approach to care, coupled with Hess’s critical scholarship on cultural competence provide a rich theoretical framework to examine tensions that can arise when being inclusive of Deaf students in music education.
Non-Fungible Tokens and Nonprofit Management
Authors: Nolin Heather R. , Whitaker Amy C.
Published: August 2023

While most influential in art markets, the non-fungible token (NFT) phenomenon also has serious ramifications for museums and other cultural institutions. This chapter explores these applications to core nonprofit missions and activities, including audience development, fundraising, earned-income generation, acquisitions, and institutions’ relationships with their communities. Any initiative involving NFTs at a museum is also an exercise in strategic planning. We develop a novel conceptual framework around mapping institutions’ financial and philosophical priorities to guide strategic planning around NFTs. We present this framework through five case studies that range from existing museum projects around revenue generation, conservation, and endowment to two hypothetical scenarios around deaccessioning, restitution, and institutions’ relationships with their audiences. Cultural institutions apart from museums may also find the framework valuable and worth incorporating into their strategic planning processes, as it can be tailored to an organization’s individual priorities, artistic missions, and financial needs.
Putting a price on healthy eating: public perceptions of the need for further food pricing policies in the UK
Authors: Watts Simon , Lloyd-Williams Ffion , Bromley Helen , Capewell Simon
Published: August 2023

Background

Understand factors that influence food choice and explore public perceptions of the need for government policies to improve diets in the UK, particularly food pricing interventions.

Methods

A qualitative study design was used with semi-structured interviews. The study was carried out in Greater Manchester, England. In all, 15 participants from a diverse range of backgrounds were recruited.

Results

Food price, lack of time, availability, and food knowledge and culture were key factors that led some study participants towards unhealthy food choices. The UK’s individual, willpower-focused approach to tackling obesity was deemed ineffective and many participants supported further government intervention. Product reformulation was supported as a less intrusive and less regressive way of improving diets than taxation. There was also support for increasing cooking classes within schools.

Conclusions

Whilst the government ambition to half childhood obesity by 2030 is welcome, population level interventions that enable healthier food choices are needed to achieve this goal. Rising global food prices may make reformulation a more practical policy option than further pricing interventions. Mandatory reformulation of convenience meal and snack products and strengthening education in schools may represent a publicly acceptable and effective package of interventions within a comprehensive strategy to tackle obesity.