bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Einfluss des Refluxursprungs auf die Hämodynamik, Klinik und Therapie der primären Varikose
Authors: Wilmanns Christoph , Zechner Ulrich , Walter Paul Karl , Schulze Alicia
Published: March 2024

Die Mechanismen von Reflux und Rezirkulation der primären Varikose sind nach wie vor nicht vollständig geklärt.

Als Refluxursachen wurden ein junktionaler Phänotyp (JP, Mündungsreflux der V. saphena magna [VSM oder Leistenrezidiv] mit oder ohne suspekte Perforansvenen [SPV]) und ein Perforansphänotyp (PP, ausschließlich SPV oder aus Gründen der statistischen Zuordnung die V. saphena parva [VSP] als Refluxquelle) gegeneinander abgegrenzt. Flussrichtung und -stärke wurden unter Valsalva (JP) oder als spontan/unter distaler Kompression/Dekompression (SPV) erfasst und im Falle von SPV mit jeweils 1 oder 2 Punkten als Reflux (+) oder Reentry (−) mit resultierenden möglichen Nettoflüssen von +6 bis −6 Punkten bewertet. Refluxquelle und axiale Refluxausdehnung sowie Durchmesser und Flussrichtung von SPV wurden multivariat mit den klinischen Stadien nach CEAP-Klassifikation verglichen.

An 107 unteren Extremitäten fand sich 68× JP, in 49 Fällen davon vergesellschaftet mit SPV, und 39× PP. CEAP C3–C6 war im Falle von 45/65 (11/22) Erstmanifestationen (Rezidiven) mit SPV (JP und PP) vergesellschaftet oder in 3/16 (0/4) ohne, p < 0,01 (p = 0,01). Fortgeschrittene klinische Stadien C4–C6 waren im Falle einer Erstmanifestation von JP häufiger vertreten, wenn der axiale Reflux bis distal (14/39; p = 0,01) oder proximal des Kniegelenkes (3/11; p = 0,12) reichte verglichen mit PP (5/31). Die Flussrichtung von SPV war im Falle einer Erstmanifestation von JP sowie axialem Reflux bis distal des Kniegelenkes Reentry (Schätzer −1,62; p = 0,02) oder bis proximal des Kniegelenkes Reflux (0,29; p = 0,81) verglichen mit PP. Der Durchmesser der am meisten dilatierten Perforansvene war jedoch größer im Falle von JP und axialem Reflux bis proximal (Schätzer 0,20; p < 0,01) oder distal des Kniegelenkes (0,04; p = 0,30) verglichen mit PP. Vorherrschende Flussrichtungen
von SPV waren Reentry bzw. Reflux während peripherer Kompression oder Dekompression (p = 0,009).

Die Daten sprechen für einen Zusammenhang zwischen Refluxquelle und Ausdehnung eines axialen Refluxes mit dem Durchmesser und der Flussrichtung von SPV sowie dem klinischen Stadium der primären Varikose.
Identifikation ernährungsbezogener Risiken
Authors: Hiltensperger Ramona , Neher Jennifer , Böhm Lea Konstanze , Kroll Jördis , Müller Ralf , Patzelt Joachim , Müller-Stierlin Annabel S.
Published: March 2024

Noch gibt es keine standardisierte Erfassung ernährungsbezogener Probleme in der
stationären, psychosomatischen Rehabilitation. Um dies durch die Auswahl
geeigneter ernährungstherapeutischer Leistungen angemessen während des
stationären Aufenthaltes zu adressieren, wird nun der NutriMental-Screener, ein
Tool zur Identifikation eines Risikos für Unter-, Überernährung oder anderer
ernährungsbezogener Probleme, weiterentwickelt und pilotiert.
Preclinical Targeting of the PGRMC1-CK2 Axis with Silmitasertib: A
Potential Strategy for Lung Adenocarcinoma Therapy
Authors: Solaipriya S. , Anbalagan M , Sivaramakrishnan V.
Published: March 2024

Progesterone receptor membrane component 1 (PGRMC1) is a pleiotropic protein
over-expressed in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). The precise molecular mechanisms
underlying the signature motif of Casein kinase (CK2) presence in PGRMC1 and
their role in LUAD remain unclear. X-ray crystallographic structure for CK2 and
PGRMC1 from the PubChem database was obtained and subjected to protein-protein
interaction (PPI) analysis to identify their interactions. In addition, the CK2
inhibitor – Silmitasertib was also utilised to understand the interaction
between PGRMC1-CK2. The PPI complex (PGRMC1-CK2) and the PPI-ligand interaction
analysis and their Molecular Dynamics (MD) studies revealed the stability of
their interactions and critical amino acid contacts within the 5Ǻ vicinity of
the CK2 signature motif "T/S-x-x-E/D". Moreover, in-vitro
colony formation assay, migration assay, and gene expression analysis using
quantitative Real-time PCR revealed that Silmitasertib (IC50–2.5 μM)
was highly influential in suppressing the PGRMC1-CK2 expression axis. In
conclusion, our study infers that PGRMC1-CK-2 axis inhibition could be a
potential therapeutic option to limit the promotion and progression of lung
cancer.
Kollaps auf Raten?
Authors: Koch Peter
Published: March 2024

In der stationären Langzeitpflege wurden in den vergangenen Jahren die Rationalisierungsreserven, sprich
das Personal, ziemlich ausgeschöpft. Jetzt steht auch hier das System vor einem Kollaps. Lesen Sie mehr
über die Chronologie der Langzeitpflege.
Pediatric Consent on FHIR
Authors: Voronov Anton , Jafari Mohammad , Zhao Lin , Soliz Melissa , Hong Qixuan , Pope John , Chern Darwyn , Lipman Megan , Grando Adela
Published: March 2024

Background Standardizing and formalizing consent processes and forms can prevent ambiguities, convey a more precise meaning, and support machine interpretation of consent terms.

Objectives Our goal was to introduce a systematic approach to standardizing and digitizing pediatric consent forms, which are complex due to legal requirements for child and legal guardian involvement.

Methods First, we reviewed the consent requirements from the Arizona regulation, and we used 21 pediatric treatment consents from five Arizona health care organizations to propose and evaluate an implementation-agnostic Consent for Treatment Framework. Second, we assessed the adequacy of the Fast Healthcare Interoperability Resources (FHIR) to support the proposed framework.

Results The resulting Consent for Treatment Framework supports compliance with the state consent requirements and has been validated with pediatric consent forms. We also demonstrated that the FHIR standard has the required expressiveness to compute the framework's specifications and express the 21 consent forms.

Conclusion Health care organizations can apply the shared open-source code and FHIR implementation guidelines to standardize the design of machine-interpretable pediatric treatment consent forms. The resulting FHIR-based executable models may support compliance with the law and support interoperability and data sharing.
Giant Cutaneous Leiomyoma of Scalp
Authors: Raj Sumit , Joshi Deepti , Agrawal Amit , Mishra Rakesh , Shrivastav Adesh , Chouksey Pradeep , Saha Kaustav
Published: March 2024

Leiomyomas are benign tumors arising from smooth muscle, most commonly seen in uterine myometrium, gastrointestinal tract, skin, and lower extremities of middle-aged women. Leiomyomas of head and neck region account for less than 1% of all leiomyomas. The most common site of leiomyoma in the head and neck region is the lips followed by tongue, and other maxillofacial regions. The clinical features, etiology, differential diagnosis, and treatment of leiomyoma are discussed in this case report. The aim of this case report is to raise awareness about a rare form of scalp giant leiomyoma. This could expand its consideration as a possible cause of uncertain neoplasms and promote accurate clinical diagnosis, leading to better treatment results.
SFM Fetal Therapy Practice Guidelines: Fetal Fluid Aspiration
Authors: Gupta Sangeeta , Batra Meenu
Published: March 2024

Fetal fluid aspiration is commonly required from the pleural cavity or bladder and is termed as thoracocentesis or vesicocentesis, respectively. These procedures are performed for diagnostic and therapeutic indications. A detailed pre-procedure counseling and informed consent of the patient are necessary explaining the procedure and risks involved. These can be performed under aseptic precautions using ultrasound guidance with the help of 22-gauge needle.
Ruptured Mycotic Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm in the Setting of Streptococcus Bacteremia with Underlying Colonic Malignancy
Authors: Chait Jesse , Mendes Bernardo C.
Published: March 2024

Ruptured mycotic thoracic aortic aneurysms (TAAs) pose complex clinical challenges which are often compounded by existing comorbidities of the typical patient. We present the case of an 85-year-old female presenting emergently with a ruptured mycotic TAA with underlying Streptococcus bacteremia who was successfully treated with a thoracic endograft and antibiotics.
Development and Validation of Information Technology Scale in Nursing
Authors: Sarac Elif , Yildiz Esra
Published: March 2024

Background The implementation of information technology (IT) in patient care is on the rise. The nursing workforce should be prepared for using such technology to support the delivery of patient-centered care. The integration of informatics into nursing practice has been progressing at a slower rate than the development of advancements and in which areas nurses use IT is still not clear.

Objective Our objective was to develop a new instrument to determine the usage of IT in nursing practice.

Methods A methodological study was conducted with factor analyses. A total of 498 registered nurses in a university hospital (n = 374) and primary care centers (n = 124) participated in the study. A questionnaire consisting demographic characteristics and an item pool with 50 statements were used to collect data. The validity and reliability of the instrument were statistically tested by computing the Keiser–Meier–Olkin (KMO) and Bartlett tests, an exploratory factor analysis, descriptive statistics, Cronbach's α, and a confirmatory factor analysis.

Results The instrument extracted eight factors comprising 39 items that explained 55% of the variance: professional autonomy(α = 0.82), data sharing/communication(α = 0.80), data management (α = 0.79), professional development (α = 0.71), administration (α = 0.76), research (α = 0.76), informing (α = 0.68), and classification of interventions (α = 0.75). Total reliability was 0.936. KMO index and a measure of sampling adequacy were high (0.936); the Bartlett test of sphericity was significant (p < 0.005).

Conclusion Study provided the evidence for the factor structure, internal consistency, reliability, and responsiveness of the 39-item “The Information Technology Scale in Nursing.” Further testing of the developed instrument with a larger number of nurses from various backgrounds and different settings is recommended.
Optical injection locking and optical-fiber data transmission by directly modulated wavelength tunable laser transmitters
Authors: Zakhleniuk N. , Duzgol O.
Published: March 2024

Enhancement of the small- and large-signal modulation performance of wavelength tunable laser diode (TLD) transmitters under strong optical injection locking (OIL) is investigated numerically in back-to-back and optical-fiber transmission schemes. Our model is based on the spatiotemporal description of laser dynamics as due to the composite cavity design of TLDs, the usual rate equation formalism is not directly applicable. We demonstrate that TLD transmission strongly depends on wavelength tuning, which was investigated over a 21-nm range between 1529 and 1550 nm emission wavelengths. The best performance for both free-running (FR) and OIL TLDs is achieved at shorter wavelengths, 1529 nm for our device. Although in both cases this is due to larger differential material gain at shorter wavelengths, the underlying physics of the effect is completely different. For an FR TLD, it is the resonance oscillation frequency (ROF) that defines the best modulation speed, while for an OIL TLD, the achievable modulation speed depends on the cavity mode shift due to optical injection. Both the ROF and the cavity mode shift increase when the differential gain increases. However, the ROF is the device’s fixed parameter, while the cavity mode shift is defined by the OIL conditions, and thus, it can be optimized. The superior performance of the optical fiber digital data transmission with the OIL TLD is demonstrated at around 20-Gb/s modulation speed for standard fibers. This result is attributed to an enhanced modulation response and suppressed frequency chirping of the OIL TLD, and it is important for practical utilization of TLD transmitters.
Enigmatic and extravagant genitalia in the spider genus Mastigusa (Araneae, Cybaeidae) – a taxonomic revision
Authors: Castellucci Filippo , Luchetti Andrea , Scharff Nikolaj
Published: March 2024

Mastigusa is a genus of small palearctic spiders that has recently been moved to the family Cybaeidae after the first inclusion of the genus in a phylogenetic matrix. Three species are currently recognised: M. arietina, M. lucifuga and M. macrophthalma. The status and delimitation, though, has always been problematic due to inconsistency in the characters used to discriminate between these, leading to great confusion in identity and distribution. We present a detailed morphological redescription of the genus and a taxonomic revision of the included species by the combined use of morphological data and molecular species-delimitation techniques based on the mitochondrial COI gene. The status of the three currently described species has been reevaluated and Mastigusa diversa was revalidated based on material from the Iberian Peninsula, North Africa and the United Kingdom. The distribution of Mastigusa species is updated based on novel taxonomic considerations, and comments on the natural history and ecological differences observed in the species are provided. ZooBank: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:AAD3FAED-440F-4295-B458-455B1D913F81
Morphological and size tuning of biogenic Ag and Au nanoparticles induced by laser irradiation
Authors: Carpio-Martínez Pablo , Ruiz Víctor Fabián , Camacho-López Miguel A , Sánchez-Mendieta Víctor , Vilchis-Nestor Alfredo R
Published: March 2024

Since size and shape of the metal nanoparticles (NPs) determine its physical and chemical properties, such could be relevant for specific applications; it is critical to have adequate control over such features. In this work, a facile bottom-up, bio-inspired synthetic route for noble metal nanoparticles (NPs) preparation is presented. Specifically, Ag and Au monometallic nanoparticles were synthesized by bio-reduction with Citrus paradisi (Grapefruit) aqueous extract. Besides, conventional chemical reduction synthesis using NaBH4 and PVP as capping agent was also performed for comparison purposes. Characterization accomplished by UV–vis spectroscopy and electron microscopy over the synthesized nanoparticles shown that, although that unimodal (in the case of Ag NPs) or almost unimodal (Au NPs) size distributions were obtained, thanks to stabilizing effect of the ligand acting-biomolecules present in the extract; and the narrower size distribution in comparison with the conventional chemical synthesis route were observed, several morphologies were found for both metals. In order to modify such features, the obtained noble metal NPs were submitted to pulsed (30 ps, 10 mJ) Nd:YAG laser irradiation process; after that, the spherical shape seems to be the predominant morphology in both metal nanoparticles, whereas the population of particles smaller than 15 nm became increases considerably.
Influence of in-situ process parameters, post heat treatment effects on microstructure and defects of additively manufactured maraging steel by laser powder bed fusion—A comprehensive review
Authors: V Raghuraman , T Sampath Kumar
Published: March 2024

The laser powder bed fusion LPBF method in additive manufacturing for metals have proven to produce a final product with higher relative density, when compare to other metal additive manufacturing processes like WAAM, DED and it takes less time even for complex designs. Despite the use of many metal-based raw materials in the LPBF method for production of products. Maraging steel (martensitic steel) is used in aeronautical and aircraft applications in view of its advantages including low weight, high strength, long-term corrosion resistance, low cost, availability, and recyclability. A research gap concerns the selection of design, dimension, accuracy, process parameters according to different grades, and unawareness of various maraging steels other than specific maraging steels. In this comprehensive review, the research paper provides information about on LPBF maraging steel grades, their process parameters and defects, microstructure characteristics, heat treatments, and the resulting mechanical characteristics changes. In addition, detailed information about the aging properties, fatigue, residual and future scope of different maraging steel grades in LPBF for various applications are discussed.
The molecular structure and spectroscopic properties of formaldoxime (CH2NOH)
Authors: Li Yuanju , Wang Meishan , Zhao Yanliang , Yang Chuanlu , Ma Xiaoguang , Song Xiaomin
Published: March 2024

Formaldoxime (CH2NOH) belongs to the possible interstellar molecules. Its isomerization, spectroscopic properties as well as the potential for pumped laser action has long received a lot of attention. Herein, the benchmark database of the spectroscopic constants and anharmonic force fields has been achieved for trans- and cis- formaldoxime. Evaluation is done by using the coupled-cluster theory [CCSD(T)] and density functional theory (B3LYP and B2PLYP), and different basis sets [cc-pVTZ, aug-cc-pVTZ, 6-311+G**, 6-311++G (3df,3pd)] are utilized. The calculated spectroscopic constants commendably reproduce previous experimental results. Besides, a series of vital anharmonic parameters such as vibration-rotation interaction constants, etc, has been provided, which is used for the in-depth study of high-resolution rovibronic spectrum of formaldoxime.
Are there any extragalactic high speed dark matter particles in the Solar neighborhood?
Authors: Santos-Santos Isabel , Bozorgnia Nassim , Fattahi Azadeh , Navarro Julio F.
Published: March 2024

We use the APOSTLE suite of cosmological hydrodynamical simulations of the Local Group to examine the high speed tail of the local dark matter velocity distribution in simulated Milky Way analogues. The velocity distribution in the Solar neighborhood is well approximated by a generalized Maxwellian distribution sharply truncated at a well-defined maximum “escape” speed. The truncated generalized Maxwellian distribution accurately models the local dark matter velocity distribution of all our Milky Way analogues, with no evidence for any separate extragalactic high-speed components. The local maximum speed is well approximated by the terminal velocity expected for particles able to reach the Solar neighborhood in a Hubble time from the farthest confines of the Local Group. This timing constraint means that the local dark matter velocity distribution is unlikely to contain any high-speed particles contributed by the Virgo Supercluster “envelope”, as argued in recent work. Particles in the Solar neighborhood with speeds close to the local maximum speed can reach well outside the virial radius of the Galaxy, and, in that sense, belong to the Local Group envelope posited in earlier work.
The local manifestation of such envelope is thus not a distinct high-speed component, but rather simply the high-speed tail of the truncated Maxwellian distribution.
High-accuracy determination of the beam divergence error in free-fall absolute gravimeters
Authors: Rothleitner Ch , Andreas B
Published: March 2024

We investigate the bias due to the beam divergence of the collimator in a free-fall absolute gravimeter of type FG5X. First, we measure the beam parameters with a Shack-Hartmann sensor. Then, we use the parameters to simulate the relative gravitational acceleration error of an FG5X gravimeter, which employs an unbalanced Mach-Zehnder laser interferometer. This investigation we do with four different commercial collimators, providing different divergence angles. We compare the results to real gravity measurements using the same collimators. The larger the divergence angle, and the bigger the relative length error, the bigger is the bias in the gravity measurements. A good agreement between theory and experiment is found, resulting in a relative bias of

−
2.77
(
24
)
⋅

10

−
9

(

−
2.72
(
24
)

 μGal) for our standard collimator of type Thorlabs TC25APC, which is usually used for free-fall acceleration determinations. The outcome is also important for the realization of the SI unit kilogram via Kibble balance experiments that, on one side, employ laser interferometers for velocity measurements, and, on the other side, require accurate values of the gravitational acceleration. For example, if this divergence error is not corrected in the Kibble balance, then the mass determination would be biased by

2.77
(
24
)

 μg kg−1 (numbers are valid only for our gravimeter with our collimator and fiber).
Study on friction and wear behavior of gray cast iron with different carbon content at different temperatures
Authors: Chen Tiefang , Wang Chenggang , Yan Ruifang , Li Feng , Wang Jiandong , Wang Jinguo
Published: March 2024

In this paper, we study the friction and wear properties of gray cast iron with different carbon contents at various ambient temperatures. We also examine the failure forms of gray cast iron friction and wear. The research concludes that under low-temperature wear conditions, the graphite in the gray cast iron structure can enter into the interface between the friction pair, have a lubricating effect on the wear surface, and reduce the friction coefficient and wear loss of the gray cast iron material. As the graphite content in the gray cast iron structure increases, its lubrication and protection effects enhance. Consequently, the primary cause of wear failure in gray cast iron is fatigue peeling induced by plastic deformation. Under high-temperature wear conditions, an oxide layer gradually forms on the wear surface. As the experimental temperature increases, the thickness of the oxide layer on the wear surface also increases. When the oxide layer formed on the wear surface reaches a certain level of thickness, the internal expansion stress of the oxide layer increases considerably, causing the oxide layer to peel off and increase the roughness of the wear surface, friction coefficient, and wear loss. Additionally, an increase in the graphite content in the gray cast iron structure makes the surface more prone to oxidation. This leads to increased friction coefficient and wear loss, with the wear failure of gray cast iron primarily caused by the peeling of the oxidation layer.
Iron oxide nanoparticles synthesized using Mentha spicata extract and evaluation of its antibacterial, cytotoxicity and antimigratory potential on highly metastatic human breast cells
Authors: Umar Huzaifa , Aliyu Maryam Rabiu , Ozsahin Dilber Uzun
Published: March 2024

Iron oxide nanoparticles (Fe2O3 NPs) were synthesized utilizing Mentha spicata sourced from Cyprus as a stabilizing agent. The study delved into assessing the antimicrobial, cytotoxic, anti-proliferative, and anti-migratory potential of Fe2O3 NPs through disc diffusion, trypan blue, and 3-[4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]−2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, respectively. Characterization of the synthesized Fe2O3 NPs was conducted using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), x-ray diffraction (XRD), UV–vis spectroscopy (UV–vis), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDX). The FTIR, XRD, and SEM-EDX spectra confirmed the successful formation of Fe2O3 NPs. The analysis of UV–vis spectra indicates an absorption peak at 302 nm, thereby confirming both the successful synthesis and remarkable stability of the nanoparticles. The nanoparticles exhibited uniform spherical morphology and contained Fe, O, and N, indicating the synthesis of Fe2O3 NPs. Additionally, the Fe2O3 NPs formed through biosynthesis demonstrated antimicrobial capabilities against Escherichia coli and Bacillus cereus. The significant anti-migratory potential on MDA-MB 231 human breast cancer cells was observed with lower concentrations of the biosynthesized Fe2O3 NPs, and higher concentrations revealed cytotoxic effects on the cells with an IC50 of 95.7 μg/ml. Stable Fe2O3 NPs were synthesized using Mentha spicata aqueous extract, and it revealed antimicrobial activity on E. coli and B. cereus, cytotoxic, anti-proliferative and anti-migratory effect on highly metastatic human breast cancer cell lines.
Introduction: Doing Philosophy between Worlds
Authors: Carpenter Amber D , Harter Pierre-Julien
Published: March 2024

When considered as a list of doctrines, Buddhism and Platonism seem unlikely interlocutors, with diametrically opposed views on reality, knowledge, intelligibility, soul, and ethics. But taking individual philosophers as the systematic, critical inquirers they took themselves to be opens up rich possibilities for constructive philosophical dialogue—particularly given a shared suspicion of the value of ordinary conceptions running through the internal diversity of both traditions, and a shared aspiration to radically transform ourselves for the better. By bringing a team of specialists in each tradition into a multi-year process of collaborative study, we have been able to put the tools of the history of philosophy to work philosophically, creating searching conversations between Buddhist and Platonist that are at once textually grounded and philosophically oriented, and do equal justice to the acuity of each tradition. These curated joint inquiries addressing specific shared concerns take many different forms—collaborative, critical, constructive extensions, the exposure of deep conceptual connections and conflicts. But all forms of this cosmopolitan ancient philosophy work from the fine-grained particulars in classic philosophical texts of distinct philosophical traditions towards creating a more inclusive philosophical community, opening new perspectives on our own philosophical preoccupations, and enriching our understanding of what questions there are to ask and what possibilities there may be for addressing them.
Plato’s Catuṣkoṭi and Nāgārjuna’s Parmenides
Authors: Pinchard Alexis
Published: March 2024

In the dialectical exercise of Plato’s Parmenides, the intrinsically contradictory deductions drawn from the hypotheses about the One imply that the One is neither existent nor nonexistent, neither endowed with an essence nor deprived thereof. Does this symmetrical negation constitute a self-refutation of Plato’s metaphysics, or is it evidence that “the One” refers to the same thing as the sovereign “Good” of the Republic, which is also supposed to stand beyond essence? Rewriting the Parmenides with Nāgārjuna’s concepts could help to answer this question. It looks as if Plato used the various predicative combinations of the Mādhyamika tetralemma, especially the symmetrical negation, in order to remove our native oblivion concerning the axiological status of the One, just like Nāgārjuna used it to remove our hypostatizing habits concerning the phenomena of everyday life. Conversely, the soteriological purpose of Mādhyamika dialectic becomes clearer when contrasted with the Platonic project to reach an unconditioned principle.
How I diagnose and manage VEXAS syndrome
Authors: Hagiya Ashley , Siddiqi Imran N , Wang Endi , Lu Chuanyi M
Published: March 2024

Objectives

To discuss VEXAS (vacuoles, E1 enzyme, X-linked, autoinflammatory, somatic) syndrome, including the clinical and pathologic features, diagnostic challenges, and treatment options.

Methods

A case-based approach and pertinent literature review were used to highlight the features of VEXAS syndrome, describe how to make the diagnosis, and discuss available therapies.

Results

VEXAS syndrome is an adult-onset, progressive systemic inflammatory disorder with overlapping rheumatologic and hematologic manifestations, including an increased risk of myelodysplastic neoplasms and plasma cell neoplasms. The disorder is associated with a somatic mutation of the X-linked UBA1 gene involved in ubiquitylation, typically involving p.Met41; however, rare variations have been identified outside this region. Patients often present with complex histories and see physicians from multiple specialties before receiving the diagnosis, which is often delayed. Symptoms are related to inflammation as well as cytopenias, particularly macrocytic anemia. Characteristic cytoplasmic vacuoles are present in myeloid (granulocytic, monocytic) and erythroid precursors in the vast majority of cases.

Conclusions

Either clinicians or pathologists may suspect a diagnosis of VEXAS syndrome depending on the clinical presentation and bone marrow findings. More studies are needed to determine the best therapeutic options, which are currently limited.
Does Developing Interpregnancy Hypertension Affect the Recurrence Risk of Preeclampsia? A Population-Based Cohort Study
Authors: Ragnarsdóttir Inger Björk , Akhter Tansim , Junus Katja , Lindström Linda , Lager Susanne , Wikström Anna-Karin
Published: March 2024

BACKGROUND

Preeclampsia in a first pregnancy is a strong risk factor for preeclampsia in a second pregnancy. Whether chronic hypertension developed after a first pregnancy (interpregnancy hypertension) affects the recurrence risk of preeclampsia is unknown.

METHODS

This is a population-based cohort study of 391,645 women with their first and second singleton births between 2006 and 2017. Exposure groups were women with preeclampsia in their first pregnancy, interpregnancy hypertension, or both risk factors. Women with neither risk factor were used as a reference group. We calculated the adjusted relative risk (aRR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for overall preeclampsia in the second pregnancy as well as preterm (<37 gestational weeks) and term (≥37 gestational weeks) subgroups of the disease.

RESULTS

Women with preeclampsia in their first pregnancy who did or did not develop interpregnancy hypertension had rates of preeclampsia in their second pregnancy of 21.5% and 13.6%, respectively. In the same population, the corresponding rates of preterm preeclampsia were 5.5% and 2.6%, respectively. After adjusting for maternal factors, women with preeclampsia in their first pregnancy who developed interpregnancy hypertension and those who did not have almost the same risk of overall preeclampsia in their second pregnancy (aRRs with 95% CIs: 14.51; 11.77–17.89 and 12.83; 12.09–13.62, respectively). However, preeclampsia in the first pregnancy and interpregnancy hypertension had a synergistic interaction on the outcome of preterm preeclampsia (aRR with 95% CI 26.66; 17.44–40.80).

CONCLUSIONS

Women with previous preeclampsia who developed interpregnancy hypertension had a very high rate of preterm preeclampsia in a second pregnancy, and the two risk factors had a synergistic interaction.
Pre-gestational counselling for women living with CKD: starting from the bright side
Authors: Da Silva Iara , Orozco-Guillén Alejandra , Longhitano Elisa , Ballarin José Aurelio , Piccoli Giorgina Barbara
Published: March 2024

Pregnancy in women living with chronic kidney disease (CKD) was often discouraged due to the risk of adverse maternal–fetal outcomes and the progression of kidney disease. This negative attitude has changed in recent years, with greater emphasis on patient empowerment than on the imperative ‘non nocere’. Although risks persist, pregnancy outcomes even in advanced CKD have significantly improved, for both the mother and the newborn. Adequate counselling can help to minimize risks and support a more conscious and informed approach to those risks that are unavoidable. Pre-conception counselling enables a woman to plan the most appropriate moment for her to try to become pregnant. Counselling is context sensitive and needs to be discussed also within an ethical framework. Classically, counselling is more focused on risks than on the probability of a successful outcome. ‘Positive counselling’, highlighting also the chances of a favourable outcome, can help to strengthen the patient–physician relationship, which is a powerful means of optimizing adherence and compliance. Since, due to the heterogeneity of CKD, giving exact figures in single cases is difficult and may even be impossible, a scenario-based approach may help understanding and facing favourable outcomes and adverse events. Pregnancy outcomes modulate the future life of the mother and of her baby; hence the concept of ‘post partum’ counselling is also introduced, discussing how pregnancy results may modulate the long-term prognosis of the mother and the child and the future pregnancies.
Non-HDL cholesterol and residual cardiovascular risk in statin-treated patients with and without diabetes: the Western Denmark Heart Registry
Authors: Hansen Malene Kærslund , Mortensen Martin Bødtker , Olesen Kevin Kris Warnakula , Thrane Pernille Gro , Thomsen Reimar Wernich , Maeng Michael
Published: March 2024

Aims

Assessment of residual cardiovascular risk in statin-treated patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) is pivotal for optimizing secondary preventive therapies. This study investigates if non–high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-C) is associated with residual ASCVD risk in statin-treated ischaemic heart disease (IHD) patients with and without diabetes.

Methods and results

Using the Western Denmark Heart Registry, we identified statin-treated patients with IHD examined by coronary angiography (CAG) from 2011 to 2020. Non-HDL-C was assessed within 1 year after CAG. Outcomes were ASCVD (myocardial infarction, ischaemic stroke, and cardiovascular death) and all-cause death. Cox regression analyses obtained hazard ratios (HRs) adjusted for age, sex, smoking, and hypertension. A total of 42 057 patients were included: 8196 patients with diabetes and 33 861 without diabetes. During the median 4.6 years of follow-up, event rates per 1000 person-years of ASCVD were 28.8 (27.1–30.5) and 17.2 (16.5–17.8) among patients with and without diabetes. In patients with diabetes, the adjusted HRs of ASCVD as compared with non-HDL-C < 25th percentile were 1.0 (0.9–1.2), 1.3 (1.1–1.6), and 1.6 (1.2–2.1) for patients in the 25th–74th, 75th–94th, and ≥95th percentiles. In patients without diabetes, the corresponding adjusted HRs were 1.1 (0.9–1.1), 1.2 (1.1–1.4), and 1.7 (1.4–2.0). Results were consistent across sex, age, clinical presentation, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol strata.

Conclusion

In statin-treated IHD patients with and without diabetes, non-HDL-C, especially above the 75th percentile, is associated with residual cardiovascular risk. These results have implications for secondary prevention, targeting patients who may benefit most from intensified preventive therapy.
Transcribing the enigma: the B chromosome as a territory of uncharted RNAs
Authors: Oliveira Jordana Inácio Nascimento , Cabral-de-Mello Diogo C , Valente Guilherme T , Martins Cesar
Published: March 2024

B chromosomes are supernumerary elements found in several groups of eukaryotes, including fungi, plants, and animals. Typically, these chromosomes either originate from their hosts through errors in meiosis or interspecifically through horizontal transfer. While many B chromosomes are primarily heterochromatic and possess a low number of coding genes, these additional elements are still capable of transcribing sequences and exerting influence on the expression of host genes. How B chromosomes escape elimination and which impacts can be promoted in the cell always intrigued the cytogeneticists. In pursuit of understanding the behavior and functional impacts of these extra elements, cytogenetic studies meet the advances of molecular biology, incorporating various techniques into investigating B chromosomes from a functional perspective. In this review, we present a timeline of studies investigating B chromosomes and RNAs, highlighting the advances and key findings throughout their history. Additionally, we identified which RNA classes are reported in the B chromosomes and emphasized the necessity for further investigation into new perspectives on the B chromosome functions. In this context, we present a phylogenetic tree that illustrates which branches either report B chromosome presence or have functional RNA studies related to B chromosomes. We propose investigating other unexplored RNA classes and conducting functional analysis in conjunction with cytogenetic studies to enhance our understanding of the B chromosome from an RNA perspective.
Links of Previous Incarceration With Geriatric Syndromes and Chronic Health Conditions Among Older Adults in the United States
Authors: Testa Alexander , Jackson Dylan B , Novisky Meghan , Kaufmann Christopher , Gutierrez Carmen , Tsai Jack , Spira Adam P , Thorpe Roland J
Published: March 2024

Background

This study investigated the association between previous incarceration and various geriatric and chronic health conditions among adults 50 and older in the United States.

Methods

Data came from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health—Parent Study (AHPS) collected in 2015–2017, including 2 007 individuals who participated in the parent study (Parent Sample) and 976 individuals who participated in the spouse/partner study (Spouse/Partner Sample). Multiple logistic regression was used to investigate the relationship between previous incarceration and geriatric syndromes (dementia, difficulty walking, difficulty seeing, difficulty with activities of daily living) and chronic health conditions (self-reported poor/fair health, diagnosis of cancer, hypertension, diabetes, heart disease, stroke, chronic lung disease, depression, and alcohol use [4 or more drinks per week]).

Results

In adjusted analyses, respondents with previous incarceration in the AHPS had significantly higher odds of reporting difficulty walking, activities of daily living difficulty, cancer diagnosis, depression diagnosis, and chronic lung disease (adjusted odds ratios [aORs] = 2.21–2.95). Respondents in the AHPS spouse/partner study reported higher odds of difficulty seeing, cancer, depression, chronic lung disease, and heavy alcohol use (aORs = 1.02–2.15).

Conclusions

Previous incarceration may have an adverse impact on healthy aging. Findings highlight the importance of addressing the enduring health impacts of incarceration, particularly as individual transition into older adulthood.
The socio-ecological determinants of help-seeking practices and healthcare access among young men: a systematic review
Authors: Palmer Robert , Smith Ben J , Kite James , Phongsavan Philayrath
Published: March 2024

Delayed engagement with health services is a key contributor to poorer health outcomes experienced by men. Patterns of health service usage which reduce the opportunity for disease prevention and health promotion appear to be especially prominent amongst young men. To identify the multiple and intersecting determinants of young men’s help-seeking practices and health services usage, this review uses the social ecological model (SEM) to guide a critical synthesis of the literature on barriers and facilitators experienced by young men in accessing health services. A systematic review was conducted across five databases (MEDLINE, Embase, PsychINFO, CINAHL and Scopus). Included studies presented primary data regarding young men’s (12–24 years) barriers and/or facilitators to seeking and accessing health care. Thirty-one studies (24 qualitative and 7 quantitative) underwent data extraction, quality appraisal and thematic analysis under the guiding framework of the SEM. Seven key themes were constructed, encapsulating the perceived barriers and facilitators to help-seeking and accessing health care experienced by young men, including masculine attitudes, health literacy, social pressure, service accessibility, economic factors, service characteristics and cultural attitudes. These findings highlight the complex interplay between the individual, interpersonal, organizational and societal factors impacting young men’s healthcare engagement. They also illuminate avenues for multifaceted, context-specific interventions to enhance healthcare accessibility for this group, including addressing health literacy gaps, providing culturally sensitive care and reducing cost barriers.
Safety and Immunogenicity of the mRNA-1273 Coronavirus Disease 2019 Vaccine in Solid Organ Transplant Recipients
Authors: Figueroa Amparo L , Azzi Jamil R , Eghtesad Bijan , Priddy Frances , Stolman Dina , Siangphoe Uma , Leony Lasso Iliana , de Windt Elizabeth , Girard Bethany , Zhou Honghong , Miller Jacqueline M , Das Rituparna
Published: March 2024

Background

Solid organ transplant recipients (SOTRs) are at high risk for severe COVID-19.

Methods

This open-label, phase 3b trial evaluated mRNA-1273 in 137 kidney and 77 liver SOTRs and 20 immunocompetent participants. In part A, SOTRs received three 100-µg doses of mRNA-1273; immunocompetent participants received 2 doses. In part B, an additional 100-µg dose was offered ≥4 months after the primary series. Here, we report interim trial results.

Results

mRNA-1273 was well-tolerated in SOTRs. Four serious adverse events were considered vaccine related by the investigator in 3 SOTRs with preexisting comorbidities. No vaccine-related biopsy-proven organ rejection events or deaths were reported. mRNA-1273 elicited modest neutralizing antibody responses after dose 2 and improved responses after dose 3 in SOTRs. Post–dose 3 responses among liver SOTRs were comparable to post–dose 2 responses in immunocompetent participants. Post-additional dose responses were increased in SOTRs, regardless of primary series vaccination. In liver SOTRs, post-additional dose responses were ∼3-fold higher versus post-dose 2 but lower than immunocompetent participant responses. Most kidney SOTRs received multiple immunosuppressants and had reduced antibody responses versus liver SOTRs.

Conclusions

mRNA-1273 was well-tolerated, and dose 3 and the additional dose improved antibody responses among SOTRs.

Clinical Trials Registration

NCT04860297.
Patch biogeography under intermittent barriers: macroevolutionary consequences of microevolutionary processes
Authors: Freitas Osmar , Campos Paulo R A , Araujo Sabrina B L
Published: March 2024

The processes that generate biodiversity start on a microevolutionary scale, where each individual’s history can impact the species’ history. This manuscript presents a theoretical study that examines the macroevolutionary patterns that emerge from the microevolutionary dynamics of populations inhabiting two patches. The model is neutral, meaning that neither survival nor reproduction depends on a fixed genotype, yet individuals must have minimal genetic similarity to reproduce. We used historical sea level oscillation over the past 800 thousand years to hypothesize periods when individuals could migrate from one patch to another. In our study, we keep track of each speciation and extinction event, build the complete and extant phylogenies, and characterize the macroevolutionary patterns regarding phylogeny balance, acceleration of speciation, and crown age. We also evaluate ecological patterns: richness, beta diversity, and species distribution symmetry. The balance of the complete phylogeny can be a sign of the speciation mode, contrasting speciation induced by migration and isolation (vicariance). The acceleration of the speciation process is also affected by the geographical barriers and the duration of the isolation period, with high isolation times leading to accelerated speciation. We report the correlation between ecological and macroevolutionary patterns and show it decreases with the time spent in isolation. We discuss, in light of our results, the challenge of integrating present-time community ecology with macroevolutionary patterns.
Experience matters: genetic variation affects male reproductive success across sequential mating events in Drosophila melanogaster
Authors: Fiumera Anthony C
Published: March 2024

The cost of reproduction is well studied in females but only recently have the costs of mating been investigated in males. Research suggests that males allocate resources between subsequent mating events, resulting in differential success across mating bouts. Selection should favor allocation strategies that match the likelihood of successive matings. The complexity of the system, however, suggests that one fixed strategy is unlikely to be universally favored and thus I predict that genetic variation for different allocation strategies will be segregating in natural populations. To test this, I measured several components of reproductive performance in eight inbred genotypes of Drosophila melanogaster across three sequential mating events. As predicted, there was genetic variation for how previous experience affected a male’s reproductive performance for both the proportion of matings that produced offspring and the proportion of offspring sired (P1). Some genotypes had the highest success in their first matings and declined in successive matings while other genotypes did best in later matings. Mating experience had consistent effects across genotypes on fertility and induced refractoriness to remating. On average, virgin matings produced the highest fertility and third matings most effectively induced refractoriness. Genotype also had a significant effect on fertility. These results have important implications for understanding how selection may be acting on males when there is variation in the likelihood of multiple mating events and could affect the evolution of male allocation strategies in the face of perceived competitors.
Integrated characterization of deep karsted carbonates in the Tahe Oilfield, Tarim Basin
Authors: Lv Bingnan , Chen Xuehua , Qie Cuncai , Jiang Wei
Published: March 2024

As transport channels of oil and gas, fracture networks can greatly improve reservoir seepage, which is of great significance to the hydraulic fracturing and hydrocarbon deposit exploitation in petroleum science and engineering. In this paper, our target reservoirs are deep karsted carbonates at depths of >6000 m and highly heterogeneous, leading to complex seismic responses with weak energy and low resolution. Therefore, it is challenging to predict the spatial distribution of a carbonate fracture-cavern reservoir and to characterize its delicate structure. We present a characterization method for an excellent fracture description by integrating several attribute results on 3D seismic field data. First, we use a noise elimination method to remove the noise interference in seismic data without damaging the fault structure characteristics. Next, we propose a novel spatially windowed 2D Hilbert transform-based operator to perform volumetric edge detection on 3D seismic field data. Then, the volumetric edge results are co-rendered with other seismic geometric attributes to generate multi-attribute fusion results for a comprehensive prediction that can excellently delineate geologic anomalies at different scales in deep carbonates. The results indicate that integrating several scale attributes can obtain more rich geological discontinuity and reveal more subtle fractures than using single attribute. The multi-attribute fusion results can effectively delineate some small-medium-sized faults, and they provide practical support for the exploration and production of Tahe carbonate fracture-cavern reservoirs.