bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Avaliação da biologia reprodutiva de moluscos da espécie Biomphalaria glabrata (Say, 1818) expostos a diferentes tipos de alimentação e substratos
Authors: Valente Walter César Góes , Garcia Juberlan Silva , Rezende Neto João de Mello , Schirato Giuliana Viegas , Faro Marta Júlia
Published: August 2022

Para manutenção do ciclo biológico de Schistosoma mansoni em laboratório, é necessário que moluscos hospedeiros intermediários sejam mantidos em condições favoráveis para o seu desenvolvimento. Para a avaliação da biologia reprodutiva (fecundidade e fertilidade), do efeito dos nutrientes (alface e ração de peixe) e dos substratos (argila, mistura de sais e CaCO₃) e suas combinações, foram formados 10 grupos experimentais com 30 Biomphalaria glabrata cada: RC (Ração de peixe/CaCO₃); LC (Alface/CaCO₃); RA (Ração de peixe/Argila); LA (Alface/Argila); RS (Ração de peixe/Mistura de sais); LS (Alface/Mistura de sais); RCA (Ração de peixe/CaCO₃/Argila); LCA (Alface/CaCO₃/Argila); RSA (Ração de peixe/Mistura de Sais/Argila); LSA (Alface/Mistura de sais/Argila). Os efeitos sobre a fecundidade dos animais foram avaliados semanalmente através da contagem do número de massas ovígeras por molusco, do número de ovos por massa ovígera e da quantidade de ovos por molusco. A fertilidade foi avaliada através da taxa de eclosão dos ovos por molusco. Entre os grupos estudados, RCA e RA apresentaram maior produção de ovos e massa ovígera. A média da quantidade de ovos férteis dos grupos RCA, RSA e RA foi maior que dos grupos alimentados com alface. Pôde-se observar que a alimentação interfere na fecundidade, aumentando o número de ovos individual e por massa ovígera e o número de massa. Os moluscos alimentados com ração de peixe apresentaram maturidade sexual mais precoce em relação aos animais alimentados por alface.
The Effect of Head-Neck Stretching Exercises After Thyroidectomy on Postoperative Level of Pain and Disability
Authors: TÜRKMEN Açelya , ÇAVDAR İkbal , AKSAKAL Nihat
Published: August 2022

Amaç: Tiroidektomi sonrası baş-boyun germe egzersizlerinin ameliyat sonrası boyun ağrısı ve rahatsızlık düzeyine
etkisini belirlemek.
Yöntem: Bu randomize kontrollü çalışma, İstanbul'da bir üniversite hastanesinde Ocak 2019-Ağustos 2020
tarihleri arasında yapıldı. Örneklem, tiroidektomi ameliyatı olan 82 hastadan oluşuyordu. Müdahale grubuna
ameliyat sonrası birinci baş-boyun egzersizleri, kontrol grubuna da rutin bakım uygulandı. Hastadan
egzersizleri bir ay boyunca sabah, öğle ve akşam olmak üzere günde 3 kez yapması istendi. Kontrol grubunda
ise aynı aralıklara sadece Visual Analog Skala ve Boyun Ağrı ve Rahatsızlık Ölçeği uygulandı.
Bulgular: Çalışmaya katılan hastaların çoğu (%79.2) kadındı. %62.19'unun tanısı multinodüler guatrdı. %70,73'ü
total tiroidektomi ameliyatı geçirmişti. Müdahale grubundaki hastaların postoperatif birinci gün Görsel Analog Skalası
(GAS) ortalaması (2.20±2.22) kontrol grubuna göre (3.00±2.10) daha düşüktü. Ameliyattan 1 hafta ve 1 ay sonra
boyunda rahatsızlık ve ağrı açısından müdahale ve kontrol grubundaki hastalar arasında anlamlı bir fark yoktu. Ancak
birinci hafta ve birinci ayda boyun ağrısı ve rahatsızlıklarında gruplar arasında anlamlı fark gözlendi (p<0.05).
Sonuç ve Öneriler: Baş-boyun germe egzersizinin hastalarda ameliyat sonrası boyun ağrısını ve rahatsızlığını
azaltmada etkili bir hemşirelik girişimi olduğu bulundu. Baş-boyun germe egzersizi postoperatif hemşirelik bakımında
farmakolojik olmayan bir tedavi yöntemi olarak kullanılabilir.
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF FORESTRY DIRECTION IN SAND PIT RECLAMATION
Authors: Павленко Д.И. , Малая М.С. , Башегуров К.А. , Осипенко Р.А. , Белов Л.А.
Published: August 2022

По материалам натурных обследований сухоройных карьеров по добыче песка, расположенных в Западно-Сибирском северо-таежном равнинном лесном районе, проанализирована эффективность лесохозяйственного направления рекультивации. Рекультивация выполнялась в два этапа. Технический этап заключался в выравнивании дна и сглаживании откосов карьера. Кроме того, на поверхность одного из карьеров нанесен слой торфа толщиной 5–15 см. Биологический этап рекультивации заключался в посадке лесных культур сосны обыкновенной (Pinus sylvestris L.) и сосны сибирской (Pinus sibirica Du Tour.) на карьерах, где не был нанесен торф. На карьере с нанесенным торфом произведен посев семян сосны обыкновенной. Исследования лесных культур производились на пробных площадях со сплошным перечетом и обмером всех сохранившихся экземпляров. Исследования показали, что на карьерах, где не был нанесен торф, сохранность лесных культур сосны обыкновенной спустя 16 лет после посадки составила менее 1,0 %, сосны сибирской спустя 12 лет после посадки – 30 %. При этом спустя 23 года после посева семян сосны обыкновенной на карьере с нанесенным слоем торфа сформировался сосновый древостой 8С2БедОс с запасом 160 м3/га при относительной полноте 1,1. Указанное свидетельствует об эффективности лесохозяйственного направления рекультивации и необходимости нанесения торфа на поверхность рекультивируемых карьеров.

Based on the materials of ﬁ eld survey of dry sand-pits for the extraction of sand located in the west Siberian north taiga plain forest region; the effectiveness of the forestry direction of reclamation was carried out in 2 stages. The technical stage consisted in leveling the bottom and smoothing the slopes of the sand-pit. In addition a layer of peat 5–15 sm thick was applied to the surface of one of the quarries. The biological stage of recultivation consisted in planting forest cultures of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and Siberian pine (Pinus sibirica Du Tour.) in quarries where peat was not applied. Scots pine seeds were sown in the quarry with applied peat. Pine seeds were sown in the quarry with applied peat. The study of forest plantations was carried out on trial plots with a continuous recalculation and exchange of all surviving specimen studies have shown that in a quarry where peat was not applied the preservation of forest crops of scots pine 16 years after planting was less than 1 % and Siberian pine 12 years after planting 30 %. At the same time, 23 years after the sowing seeds of scots pine in the quarry with the applied layer of plat, a pine stand 8C2BedOc was formed with a reserve of 160 m3/ha under relative fullness 1.1. The above indicates the effectiveness of the forestry direction of reclamation and the need to apply peat on the Surface of recultivated quarries.
Assessment of the ecological state of ordinary chernozem contaminated with antibiotics of tetracycline group
Authors: Akimenko Yuliya , Popova Elizaveta , Fastova Anna , Kazeev Kamil , Kolesnikov Sergey
Published: August 2022

The article presents the results of a comprehensive assessment of the ecological state of chernozem when contaminated with tetracyclines at concentrations of 10, 100 and 1000 mg/kg by the degree of change in biological indicators. It was found that tetracycline contamination leads to a deterioration in the ecological state of ordinary chernozem. The degree of change in biological parameters is determined by the chemical structure of tetracyclines and their concentration. A negative correlation relationship is established between the concentration of tetracyclines and the degree of change in biological parameters. Oxytetracycline has the greatest adverse effect on biological performance than tetracycline. The activity of oxidoreductases, the total number of bacteria, the length of radish roots are the most informative indicators in case of contamination of chernozem with tetracyclines, the indicator of the abundance of bacteria p. Azotobacter is not informative. Keywords: POLLUTION, TETRACYCLINE, OXYTETRACYCLINE, ORDINARY CHERNOZEM, ECOLOGICAL STATE
Sehâbî’nin Dîvân’ında Yer Almayan Şiirleri
Authors: KINAY Nilay
Published: August 2022

Şairlerin muhtelif zamanlarda yazdıkları şiirler bazen divanlarını hazırladıktan sonra da ortaya çıkabilmektedir. Bunlar, divana dâhil olmayan şiirler olarak farklı kaynaklarda bulunabilirler. Bu şiirlerin, çoğunlukla mecmualarda bulunmakla birlikte, mecmua dışında müstakil eserlerde de yer aldığı görülür. XVI. yüzyılda yaşamış olan Sehâbî, hacimli bir esere sahip divan şairidir. Bu çalışmada Devlet Arşivleri Başkanlığından temin edilen belgelerde Sehâbî mahlasıyla yazılmış şiirlere yer verilmiştir. Toplamda on şiir tespit edilmiş, bunların altı tanesinin Sehâbî Dîvânı’nda bulunan şiirler ile aynı olduğu görülmüştür. Geri kalan dört şiirden iki tanesi Dîvân’da bulunmayan gazellerden oluşmaktadır. Diğer ikisi ise Dîvân’da olan fakat hem beyit hem de kelime bazında farklı olan şiirlerdir. Sehâbî dinî-tasavvufî yönü olan bir şairdir. Hayatı hakkında çok fazla bilgi bulunmayan Sehâbî’nin medrese tahsili gördüğü şiirlerinden anlaşılmaktadır. Sehâbî Dîvânı’nda akıcı bir dil kullanmıştır. Şiirlerinde mana ve hayal güzelliği ön plandadır. Dîvânı’nda bulunmayan şiirlerinin konu olduğu bu çalışmada Sehâbî’nin hayatı, edebî kişiliği hakkında konulara yer verildikten sonra tespit edilen şiirlerin transkripsiyonlu metinleri verilecektir.
Ortaokul Öğrencilerinin Sözlü ve Yazılı Anlatımlarındaki Bağdaşıklık ve Tutarlılık Durumlarının Çeşitli Değişkenler Açısından İncelenmesi
Authors: AYKANAT UYSAL Ayşegül , ÇELEBİ Safa
Published: August 2022

Bu çalışmada ortaokul 8. sınıf öğrencilerinin oluşturdukları yazılı ve sözlü metinlerdeki bağdaşıklık ve tutarlılık durumlarının çeşitli değişkenler açısından incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Araştırma 8. sınıfta öğrenim gören 100 öğrenci ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırma grubu uygun örnekleme yöntemi kullanılarak belirlenmiştir. Çalışmada betimsel araştırma modeli kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın nicel verileri, öğrencilerin oluşturdukları sözlü ve yazılı metinlerin “Bağdaşıklık Araçlarını Kullanma Düzeyi Ölçeği”, “Öyküleyici Anlatım Tutarlılık Değerlendirme Ölçeği” ile incelenmesi ve kişisel bilgi formu ile elde edilmiştir. Uygulama sürecinde öğrencilere uzman görüşleri doğrultusunda hazırlanan sözlü ve yazılı anlatım konuları verilmiştir. Yazılı metinler öğrenci kâğıtlarından sözlü metinler ise öğrencilerin ses kayıtlarının araştırmacı tarafından yazıya geçirilmesiyle elde edilmiştir. Ayrıca kişisel bilgi formu kullanılarak öğrencilerden elde edilen veriler, excel formatında ölçeklendirilmiştir. Bu veriler ile öğrencilerin oluşturdukları yazılı ve sözlü öyküleyici metinlerinden elde edilen veriler SPSS 22.0 istatistik programı aracılığı ile analiz edilmiş, öğrencilerin çeşitli değişkenlere göre bağdaşıklık araçlarını kullanma ve metin tutarlılığı oluşturma durumları farklı değişkenlere göre incelenmiştir. Araştırma sonucunda öğrencilerin sözlü metinlerinde yazılı metinlerine oranla daha düşük düzeyde bağdaşıklık aracı kullandıkları, metin tutarlılık puanlarının da sözlü metinlerinde yazılı metinlerine oranla daha düşük düzeyde olduğu görülmüştür. Öğrencilerin sözlü ve yazılı metinlerinde bağdaşıklık araçlarını kullanmada ve tutarlılık oluşturmada bazı değişkenlere göre anlamlı farklılıklar tespit edilmiştir.
Geleneksel Bir Evlat Edinme Biçimi Olarak Kardeşler Arasındaki Çocuk Dolaşımı: “Sipariş Bebekler”
Authors: YILDIRIM Ayşe
Published: August 2022

Türkiye’de çocuk, ailenin önemli tamamlayıcı aktörlerinden biridir. Bu nedenle biyolojik olarak çocuk sahibi olamayan çoğu çift için aile olabilmenin en iyi yolu evlat edinmedir. Bu çalışmanın ilgi odağı, çocuğu olmayan çiftlerin akraba grubundan, özellikle kardeşlerinden birinin çocuğunu istemesidir. Çalışmanın konusu iki temel argüman üzerinden ele alınmıştır: Bunlardan ilki, infertilitenin bu tür çocuk dolaşımını mümkün hale getirmesiyle birlikte çocuk istemenin ve vermenin ardındaki temel motivasyonun akrabalar arasındaki eşitsiz güç ilişkileri olduğudur. Diğeri ise evliliğin sürdürülmesi, soyun devamlılığı, miras aktarımı gibi bağlamlardaki sorunların çözümünde akrabalığın zorlayıcı etkisidir. Bu argümanlar izleğinde çalışma iki bölümden oluşmuştur. Birinci bölüm özellikle evlat edinmenin kültürel olarak yaygınlığı, işlevleri ve akrabalık çalışmalarındaki tartışmalara ilişkindir. İkinci bölümde ise saha verileri izleğinde Türkiye’de evlat edinme uygulamasına yer verilmiş ve evlat edinmenin ardındaki temel motivasyona açıklık getirilmiştir. Saha araştırmasına dayalı olarak gerçekleşen çalışmanın araştırma verileri ise derinlemesine görüşmeler yapılarak elde edilmiştir. Genetik ilişkiye sahip olan kişiler, evlatlık alan ebeveynler ile ailenin diğer üyeleri çalışmanın kilit aktörlerini oluşturmuştur. Sonuç olarak Türkiye’de nesep/soy bağı ilişkisinin toplumsal ve dini vurgulara sahip olması, çocuksuz çiftlerin tercihini kardeş çocuklarına yönlendirmekle birlikte, çocuğunu veren aile için temel motivasyon ise ekonomik koşullar oluşturmaktadır.
Rahim Hâce’nin Nazmu’l-Muhtasaru’t-Türkî Adlı Eseri Üzerine
Authors: SERAJI Abdul Naser
Published: August 2022

Rahim Hâce bin Ali Hâce Eşan, Klasik Çağatay Edebiyatının en önemli isimlerinden biridir. Şairin Nazmu’l-Muhtasaru’t-Türkî isimli eserinden hareketle dünya kütüphanelerinde şaire ait hem mensur hem de manzum eserlerinin bulunma ihtimali mevcuttur. Rahim Hâce, Hanefi fıkhı ile ilgili olan Muhtasaru’l-Vikâye fî Mesâili’l-Hidâye adlı mensur bir eseri Arapçadan Çağatay Türkçesine manzum olarak aktarmıştır. Eserin manzum metninin yanında Arapça ve Farsça metni de bulunmaktadır. Kaynaklarda adı geçmeyen eserin bir nüshası Afganistan’ın kuzeyinde Özbek Türklerinin yaşadığı Tahar ilinde bulunmuştur.Bu çalışmada, öncelikle yukarıda sözü edilen esere ait nüshanın genel durumu üzerinde durulmuştur. Sonrasında nüsha tanıtılmıştır. Eser üzerine çalışılırken medreselerde ders kitabı olarak okutulan başkaca Hanefi fıkıhı kitapları ile ilgili de bilgilere ulaşılmıştır. Çalışmada söz konusu metnin hangi yazara ve hangi muhtasar esere ait olduğu hakkında da bilgi verilmiştir. Ayrıca diğer muhtasarı üzerinde de kısaca durulmuştur. Nüshanın tanımlayıcı özelliklerinden olması dolayısıyla ilmihal bilgileri içeren beyitlerden birkaç örnek verilmiş ve bu örnekler üzerinden bazı değerlendirilmeler yapılmıştır.
Covıd-19 Salgını ve Ramazan Gelenekleri
Authors: TİKBAŞ APAK Fadime
Published: August 2022

2020 yılı itibarıyla tüm dünyaya yayılan ve içinde bulunduğumuz 2022 yılına değin yoğun bir şekilde etkisi hissedilen COVID-19 salgını pek çok köklü dönüşümü birdenbire zaruri kılmıştır. Salgınla birlikte akla gelen ani değişiklikler arasında sokağa çıkma yasakları, uzaktan eğitim ve çalışma modeline geçilmesi, dışarı çıkma yasağının kalkmasının ardından ise maske takma zorunluluğu, belirli bir mesafeye dikkat ve hijyen üçlüsüne riayetin birincil olması gibi noktalar sayılabilir. Salgının etkisi sağlık ve eğitim alanlarının yanı sıra dini ve geleneksel uygulamalarda da kendini göstermiştir. Kişi bir gruba/topluma ait olma hissini geleneksel uygulamalar vasıtasıyla pekiştirmektedir. Geleneksel uygulamaların sözlü kültür ortamında üretilip, yaşanıp/yaşatılıp, aktarılır olması salgın koşulları söz konusu olduğunda geleneklerin akıbetinin ne olacağı gibi birtakım sorun ve soru işaretlerini beraberinde getirmiştir.Bu çalışmada Ramazan geleneklerinin salgın sürecinde ne gibi değişiklikler/dönüşümler gösterdiği incelenmektedir. İncelemeler dijital ortam verilerine dayanmaktadır. Doğası itibarıyla insanın insanla yüz yüze temasını gerektiren bayram gelenekleri, salgın sürecinde başkalaşarak geleneğin güncellendiği veyahut yeniden yaratıldığı bir hal almıştır. Bayram ziyaretleri/el öpme gibi gelenekler kimi durumlarda yasaklara rağmen gerçekleşmeye devam etse ve yasak ihlalinden dolayı cezalandırılsa da salgının örneğin uzaktan topluca bayramlaşma gibi bir geleneği de icat ettiği söylenebilir. Salgın ve bayram gelenekleri üzerine bir başka örnek ise bayram kolisinde maske ve dezenfektan olup olmadığına ilişkin bir diyaloğu içeren karikatürdür. Salgın gibi zorlayıcı koşullar geleneğin uyum sürecini ve çalışma boyunca sıralanan örneklerin gösterdiği üzere bulduğu pratik çözümleri daha anlamlı kılmakta ve koşullar ne kadar kısıtlayıcı olursa olsun geleneğin kendini ifade edişte başka bir yol bulduğunu, başka bir seçeneğin devreye girdiğini göstermektedir. Bu da geleneğin yaşanan zamanı kaçırmayan, dönüşen ve devingen yapısını salgın özelinde de açığa çıkarmaktadır.
An Overview of the Effect of the COVID-19 Pandemic Period on Menstrual Cycle and Premenstrual Syndrome
Authors: GHALAYİNİ Dania , KAPLAN Sena
Published: August 2022

A new coronavirus illness (COVID-19) pandemic is an important public health problem across the globe. The COVID-19 pandemic has sparked widespread media and blog debate about women undergoing alterations in their menstrual cycle, including enhanced dysmenorrhea, menstrual bleeding, and increased frequency, intensity, pattern, volume, and premenstrual syndrome (PMS). Premenstrual syndrome affects the overall health and well-being of women of reproductive age. The lack of data on menstrual cycle alterations has made estimating the number of women impacted by COVID-19, its length, and its implications problematic. The menstrual cycle is becoming recognized as an essential indicator and driver of overall health and well-being and has been referred to as a vital sign. This phenomenon is both significant and alarming. Menstrual cycle variations after the commencement of the pandemic COVID-19 will be identified, summarized, and critically evaluated in this study. This will help to highlight areas of study that need to be done in the future. As a result, we consulted the English-and Turkish-language versions of Google Scholar and PubMed. There are several papers on menstrual syndrome, PMS, and COVID-19 that are highly referenced.
Kırgızistan çeltik üretimine genel bir bakış
Authors: TAŞEVA Gulnaz , SABIRKULOVA Tattıgül , KIDIRALIYEVA Bermet , OMURZAKOVA Nurjamal , KAYA Yilmaz
Published: August 2022

Çeltik, Antarktika hariç tüm kıtalarda yetiştirilen dünyanın en değerli gıda ürünleri arasında yer almaktadır. Küresel ölçekte, ekim alanı açısından değerlendirildiğinde buğdaydan sonra ikinci sırada yer almakla birlikte verimi yaklaşık olarak toplam buğday verimine eşittir. Kırgızistan, çeltik yetiştiriciliği bakımından önde gelen ülkeler arasında yer almamakta, bu bölgede sadece yerel ölçekte üretim yapılmaktadır. Kırgızistan’ın güney bölgesi çeltik tarımına elverişli olduğu için son 10 yılda nispeten çeltik ekim alanları ve tüketimi artmıştır. Çeltiğe ilginin artmasına; nüfus artışı, ekonomik olarak getirinin olması, diğer ülkelere ihracat etme durumu gibi birçok faktör neden olmaktadır. Kırgızistan’da çeltik yetiştirilen başlıca bölgeler olan Oş, Calal-Abad ve Batken güney bölgelerinde yer almaktadır. Özgen ve Ak-Turpak çeltik çeşitleri tadı bakımından diğer çeşitlere göre daha üstündür. Araştırmalara göre insanlar için yararlı olan birçok elementleri içermektedir ve diğer çeltiklere kıyasla yüksek protein içeriğine de sahiptir. Bu çalışmada Kırgızistan’daki çeltik tarımının genel özellikleriyle birlikte, Özgen ve Ak-Turpak çeltiklerinin önemi ortaya konulmuştur.
Aviation contrail climate effects in the North Atlantic from 2016 to 2021
Authors: Teoh Roger , Schumann Ulrich , Gryspeerdt Edward , Shapiro Marc , Molloy Jarlath , Koudis George , Voigt Christiane , Stettler Marc E. J.
Published: August 2022

Abstract. Around 5 % of anthropogenic radiative forcing (RF) is
attributed to aviation CO2 and non-CO2 impacts. This paper
quantifies aviation emissions and contrail climate forcing in the North
Atlantic, one of the world's busiest air traffic corridors, over 5 years.
Between 2016 and 2019, growth in CO2 (+3.13 % yr−1) and
nitrogen oxide emissions (+4.5 % yr−1) outpaced increases in flight
distance (+3.05 % yr−1). Over the same period, the annual mean contrail
cirrus net RF (204–280 mW m−2) showed significant inter-annual
variability caused by variations in meteorology. Responses to COVID-19
caused significant reductions in flight distance travelled (−66 %),
CO2 emissions (−71 %) and the contrail net RF (−66 %) compared with
the prior 1-year period. Around 12 % of all flights in this region cause
80 % of the annual contrail energy forcing, and the factors associated
with strongly warming/cooling contrails include seasonal changes in
meteorology and radiation, time of day, background cloud fields, and
engine-specific non-volatile particulate matter (nvPM) emissions. Strongly
warming contrails in this region are generally formed in wintertime, close
to the tropopause, between 15:00 and 04:00 UTC, and above low-level clouds.
The most strongly cooling contrails occur in the spring, in the upper
troposphere, between 06:00 and 15:00 UTC, and without lower-level clouds.
Uncertainty in the contrail cirrus net RF (216–238 mW m−2) arising
from meteorology in 2019 is smaller than the inter-annual variability. The
contrail RF estimates are most sensitive to the humidity fields, followed by
nvPM emissions and aircraft mass assumptions. This longitudinal evaluation
of aviation contrail impacts contributes a quantified understanding of
inter-annual variability and informs strategies for contrail mitigation.
Composition and reactivity of volatile organic compounds in the South Coast Air Basin and San Joaquin Valley of California
Authors: Liu Shang , Barletta Barbara , Hornbrook Rebecca S. , Fried Alan , Peischl Jeff , Meinardi Simone , Coggon Matthew , Lamplugh Aaron , Gilman Jessica B. , Gkatzelis Georgios I. , Warneke Carsten , Apel Eric C. , Hills Alan J. , Bourgeois Ilann , Walega James , Weibring Petter , Richter Dirk , Kuwayama Toshihiro , FitzGibbon Michael , Blake Donald
Published: August 2022

Abstract. Comprehensive aircraft measurements of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) covering the South Coast Air Basin (SoCAB) and San Joaquin Valley (SJV) of California were obtained in the summer of 2019. Combined with the CO, CH4, and NOx data, the total calculated gas-phase hydroxyl radical reactivity (cOHRTOTAL) was quantified to be 6.1 and 4.6 s−1 for the SoCAB and SJV, respectively. VOCs accounted for ∼ 60 %–70 % of the cOHRTOTAL in both basins. In particular, oxygenated VOCs (OVOCs) contributed >60 % of the cOHR of total VOCs (cOHRVOC) and the total observed VOC mixing ratio. Primary biogenic VOCs (BVOCs) represented a minor fraction (<2 %) of the total VOC mixing ratio but accounted for 21 % and 6 % of the cOHRVOC in the SoCAB and SJV, respectively. Furthermore, the contribution of BVOCs to the cOHRVOC increased with increasing cOHRVOC in the SoCAB, suggesting that BVOCs were important ozone precursors during high ozone episodes. Spatially, the trace gases were heterogeneously distributed in the SoCAB, with their mixing ratios and cOHR being significantly greater over the inland regions than the coast, while their
levels were more evenly distributed in SJV. The results highlight that a better grasp of the emission rates and sources of OVOCs and BVOCs is
essential for a predictive understanding of the ozone abundance and
distribution in California.
Validation of tropospheric ties at the test setup GNSS co-location site in Potsdam
Authors: Kitpracha Chaiyaporn , Heinkelmann Robert , Ramatschi Markus , Balidakis Kyriakos , Männel Benjamin , Schuh Harald
Published: August 2022

Abstract. Atmospheric ties are the differences of atmospheric parameters between antennas or stations at the same site and meteorological conditions. However, there is often a discrepancy between the expected zenith delay differences and those estimated from geodetic analysis, potentially degrading a combined solution employing atmospheric ties to constrain atmospheric delay differences. To investigate the possible effects on GNSS atmospheric delay, this study set up an experiment with four co-located GNSS stations of the same type, both antenna and receiver. Specific height differences for each antenna w.r.t. one reference antenna have been measured. One antenna was equipped with a radome of the same height and type as an antenna close to the ground. Additionally, a meteorological sensor was used for meteorological data recording. The results show that tropospheric ties from the analytical equation based on meteorological data from Global Pressure and Temperature 3 (GPT3) model, Numerical Weather Models, in-situ measurements, and ray-traced tropospheric ties, reduced the bias of zenith delay roughly by 72 %. However, the in-situ tropospheric ties yielded the best precision in this study. These results demonstrate that the instrument effects on GNSS zenith delays were mitigated using the same instrument. In contrast, although the effects of the radome on atmospheric delays are well known, the magnitude of the effects determined in this study is unexpectedly large. Additionally, multipath effects at low-elevation observations degraded the tropospheric gradients. To extract the instrument effect, we set up another experiment with three GNSS stations and four different antennas. The height differences between the three stations were on one centimeter level. One of the three stations could be adjusted in height to control the height displacement after changing antenna. We succeeded in keeping the shift in the GNSS zenith delays within 2 mm level. The bias on GNSS zenith delays and tropospheric gradients agrees with the result of the previous experiment in this study. Moreover, we successfully detected the antenna-dependent effect on both the GNSS zenith delays and gradients from this experiment.
Assessing and mitigating the radar – radar interference in the German C-band weather radar network
Authors: Frech Michael , Hald Cornelius , Schaper Maximilian , Lange Bertram , Rohrdantz Benjamin
Published: August 2022

Abstract. The national German weather radar network operates in C-band between 5.6 and 5.65 GHZ. In a radar network, individual transmit frequencies have to be chosen such that radar-radar induced interferences are avoided. In an unique experiment the Hohenpeissenberg research radar and five operational systems from the radar network were used to characterize radar-radar induced interferences as a function of the radar frequency. The results allow to assess the possibility to add additional C-band radars with magnetron transmitters into the existing network. Based on the experiment, at least a 15 MHz separation of the nominal radar frequency is needed to avoid a radar-radar interference. The most efficient mitigation of radar-radar interference is achieved by the "Radar Tango". Latter refers to the synchronized scanning of all radar systems in the network. Based on those results, additional C-band radar systems can be added to the German weather radar network if a further improvement of the radar coverage is needed.
HIDRA2: deep-learning ensemble storm surge forecasting in the presence of seiches – the case of Northern Adriatic
Authors: Rus Marko , Fettich Anja , Kristan Matej , Ličer Matjaž
Published: August 2022

Abstract. We propose a new deep-learning architecture HIDRA2 for sea level and storm surge modeling, which is extremely fast to train and apply, and outperforms both our previous network design HIDRA1 and the state-of-the-art numerical ocean model (a NEMO engine with sea level data assimilation), over all sea level bins and all forecast lead times. The architecture of HIDRA2 employs novel atmospheric, tidal and SSH feature encoders, as well as a novel feature fusion and SSH regression block. HIDRA2 was trained on surface wind and pressure fields from a single member of ECMWF atmospheric ensemble and on Koper tide gauge observations during years 2006–2018, and evaluated on the data from June 2019 to December 2020. Compared to HIDRA1, the overall mean absolute forecast error is reduced by 13.9 %, while on storm surge events it is lower by even a larger margin of 25.1 %. Consistent superior performance over HIDRA1 as well as NEMO is observed in both tails of the sea level distribution. Power spectrum analysis indicates that HIDRA2 most accurately represents the energy density peaks centered on the two lowest Adriatic wind-induced free oscillation eigenmodes (seiches) among all tested models. To assign model errors to specific frequency bands covering diurnal and semi-diurnal tides and the lowest two basin seiches, sea level band-pass filtering of several historic storm surge events is applied. HIDRA2 performs well across all frequency bands and most accurately predicts amplitudes and temporal phases of the Adriatic basin seiches. This is shown to be an important forecasting benefit due to the high sensitivity of total Adriatic storm surge sea level to the phase lag between peak tide and peak seiche.
Geoelectrical and hydro-chemical monitoring of karst formation at the laboratory scale
Authors: Rembert Flore , Léger Marie , Jougnot Damien , Luquot Linda
Published: August 2022

Abstract. Ensuring sustainable strategies to manage water resources in karst reservoirs requires a better understanding of the mechanisms responsible for conduits formation in the rock mass and the development of detection methods for these hydrological and geochemical processes. In this study, we monitored the electrical conductivity of two limestone core samples during controlled dissolution experiments. We interpret the results with a physics-based model describing the porous medium as effective structural parameters that are tortuosity and constrictivity. We obtain that constrictivity is more affected by calcite dissolution compared to tortuosity. Based on our experimental results and data sets from the literature, we show that the characteristic Johnson length is a valuable structural witness of calcite dissolution impact linking electrical and hydrological properties.
The response of hemispheric differences in Earth’s albedo to CO2 forcing in coupled models and its implications for shortwave radiative feedback strength
Authors: Jönsson Aiden R. , Bender Frida A.-M.
Published: August 2022

Abstract. The Earth’s albedo is observed to be symmetric between the hemispheres on the annual mean timescale, despite the clear-sky albedo being asymmetrically higher in the northern hemisphere due to more land area and aerosol sources; this is because the mean cloud distribution currently compensates for the clear-sky asymmetry almost exactly. We investigate the evolution of the hemispheric difference in albedo in CMIP6 coupled model simulations following an abrupt quadrupling of CO2 concentrations, to which all models respond with an initial decrease of albedo in the northern hemisphere (NH) due to loss of Arctic sea ice. After this initial NH darkening, the evolution of the hemispheric albedo difference diverges among models, with some models remaining at their new hemispheric albedo difference, and others returning towards their pre-industrial difference through either a reduction in SH clouds or an increase in NH clouds, or a combination of the two. These responses have different implications on the reduction in global albedo, and thereby the strength of the shortwave cloud feedback: if a cross-hemispheric communicating mechanism is primarily responsible for maintaining hemispheric albedo symmetry, the total shortwave radiative feedback must be more strongly positive. We also show that in these models, there is a link between the extent of reductions in SH extratropical cloud cover and Antarctic albedo decline due to increased poleward heat transport in the SH.
Representing surface heterogeneity in land–atmosphere coupling in E3SMv1 single-column model over ARM SGP during summertime
Authors: Huang Meng , Ma Po-Lun , Chaney Nathaniel W. , Hao Dalei , Bisht Gautam , Fowler Megan D. , Larson Vincent E. , Leung L. Ruby
Published: August 2022

Abstract. The Earth's land surface features spatial and temporal heterogeneity over a wide range of scales below those resolved by current Earth system models (ESMs). State-of-the-art land and atmosphere models employ parameterizations to represent their subgrid heterogeneity, but the land–atmosphere coupling in ESMs typically operates on the grid scale. Communicating the information on the land surface heterogeneity with the overlying atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) remains a challenge in modeling land–atmosphere interactions. In order to account for the subgrid-scale heterogeneity in land–atmosphere coupling, we implement a new coupling scheme in the Energy Exascale Earth system model version 1 (E3SMv1) that uses adjusted surface variances and covariance of potential temperature and specific water content as the lower boundary condition for the atmosphere model. The new lower boundary condition accounts for both the variability of individual subgrid land surface patches and the inter-patch variability. The E3SMv1 single-column model (SCM) simulations over the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Southern Great Plain (SGP) site were performed to assess the impacts. We find that the new coupling parameterization increases the magnitude and diurnal cycle of the temperature variance and humidity variance in the lower ABL on non-precipitating days. The impacts are primarily attributed to subgrid inter-patch variability rather than the variability of individual patches. These effects extend vertically from the surface to several levels in the lower ABL on clear days. We also find that accounting for surface heterogeneity increases low cloud cover and liquid water path (LWP). These cloud changes are associated with the change in cloud regime indicated by the skewness of the probability density function (PDF) of the subgrid vertical velocity. In precipitating days, the inter-patch variability reduces significantly so that the impact of accounting for surface heterogeneity vanishes. These results highlight the importance of accounting for subgrid heterogeneity in land–atmosphere coupling in next-generation ESMs.
Large-sample assessment of varying spatial resolution on the streamflow estimates of the wflow_sbm hydrological model
Authors: Aerts Jerom P. M. , Hut Rolf W. , van de Giesen Nick C. , Drost Niels , van Verseveld Willem J. , Weerts Albrecht H. , Hazenberg Pieter
Published: August 2022

Abstract. Distributed hydrological modelling moves into the realm of hyper-resolution modelling. This results in a plethora of scaling-related challenges that remain unsolved. To the user, in light of model result interpretation, finer-resolution output might imply an increase in understanding of the complex interplay of heterogeneity within the hydrological system. Here we investigate spatial scaling in the form of varying spatial resolution by evaluating the streamflow estimates of the distributed wflow_sbm hydrological model based on 454 basins from the large-sample CAMELS data set. Model instances are derived at three spatial resolutions, namely 3 km, 1 km, and 200 m. The results show that a finer spatial resolution does not necessarily lead to better streamflow estimates at the basin outlet. Statistical testing of the objective function distributions (Kling–Gupta efficiency (KGE) score) of the three model instances resulted in only a statistical difference between the 3 km and 200 m streamflow estimates. However, an assessment of sampling uncertainty shows high uncertainties surrounding the KGE score throughout the domain. This makes the conclusion based on the statistical testing inconclusive. The results do indicate strong locality in the differences between model instances expressed by differences in KGE scores of on average 0.22 with values larger than 0.5. The results of this study open up research paths that can investigate the changes in flux and state partitioning due to spatial scaling. This will help to further understand the challenges that need to be resolved for hyper-resolution hydrological modelling.
The impact of climate oscillations on the surface energy budget over the Greenland Ice Sheet in a changing climate
Authors: Silva Tiago , Abermann Jakob , Noël Brice , Shahi Sonika , van de Berg Willem Jan , Schöner Wolfgang
Published: August 2022

Abstract. Climate change is particularly strong in Greenland, primarily as a result of changes in the transport of heat and moisture from lower latitudes. The atmospheric structures involved influence the surface mass balance (SMB) of the Greenland Ice Sheet (GrIS), and their patterns are largely explained by climate oscillations, which describe the internal climate variability.
By using k-means clustering, we name the combination of the Greenland Blocking Index, the North Atlantic Oscillation index and the vertically integrated water vapor as NAG (North Atlantic influence on Greenland) with the optimal solution of three clusters (positive, neutral and negative phase).
With the support of a polar-adapted regional climate model, typical climate features marked under certain NAG phases are inter-seasonally and regionally analyzed in order to assess the impact of large-scale systems from the North Atlantic on the surface energy budget (SEB) components over the GrIS. Given the pronounced summer mass loss in recent decades (1991–2020), we investigate spatio-temporal changes in SEB components within NAG phases in comparison to the reference period 1959–1990. We report significant atmospheric warming and moistening across all NAG phases.
The pronounced atmospheric warming in conjunction with the increase in tropospheric water vapor enhance incoming longwave radiation and thus contribute to surface warming. Surface warming is most evident in winter, although its magnitude and spatial extent depend on the NAG phase.
In summer, increases in net shortwave radiation are mainly connected to blocking systems (+ NAG), and their drivers are regionally different. In the southern part of Greenland, the atmosphere has become optically thinner due to the decrease in water vapor, thus allowing more incoming shortwave radiation to reach the surface. However, we find evidence that, in the southern regions, changes in net longwave radiation balance changes in net shortwave radiation, suggesting that the turbulent fluxes control the recent SEB changes. In contrast to South Greenland under + NAG, the moistening of North Greenland has contributed to decreases in surface albedo and has enhanced solar radiation absorption.
Regardless of the NAG phase, increases in multiple atmospheric variables (e.g., integrated water vapor and net longwave radiation) are found across the northern parts of Greenland, suggesting that atmospheric drivers beyond heat and moisture originated from the North Atlantic.
Especially in the northern ablation zone, sensible heat flux has significantly increased in summer due to larger vertical and horizontal temperature gradients combined with stronger near-surface winds. We attribute the near-surface wind intensification to the emerging open-water feedback, whereby surface pressure gradients between the ice/snow-covered surface and adjacent open seas are intensified.
Factors Associated with Poor Sleep among Young People in Mauritius: A Survey-Based Study
Authors: Ramdhany Yudisha Devi , Devi Goorah Smita Sulackshana , Cheeneebash Jayrani , Niketan Oodun Ritwij
Published: August 2022

Background: Poor sleep quality in young people is a global concern. This study was conducted to explore sleep quality and its contributory factors in young people of Mauritius.
Methods: This cross-sectional study comprised 202 participants aged between 14 to 29 years. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) and the Adolescent Sleep Hygiene Scale (ASHS) were used to measure sleep quality, daytime sleepiness, and sleep hygiene respectively. Chi-squared tests were conducted to evaluate relationships between the collected variables. Multivariate logistic regression was used to identify associated factors with poor sleep quality.
Results: The mean global PSQI was 4.81 (95%CI: 4.4, 5.22). Prevalence of poor sleep quality (global PSQI score > 5) was 30.7%. The male gender reported better sleep (p=0.008). Sleep quality was significantly associated with longer sleep duration (p<0.0001), pre-bedtime relaxing activities (p=0.01), and daytime physical exercise (p=0.001). In contrast, alcohol consumption after 18:00 (p<0.0001), tobacco smoking after 18:00 (p<0.0001), pre-bedtime awakening activities (p=0.001), and poor sleep environment (p<0.0001) negatively influenced sleep quality. Multivariate logistic regression confirmed that female gender and sleep environment factors were associated with higher likelihood of poor sleep quality, while participants with longer duration of sleep (>7 hours), cognitive/emotional and sleep stability factors were found to be less likely to have poor sleep quality.
Conclusion: This study showed that the prevalence of poor sleep in young people in Mauritius was 30.7%. Female gender and sleep environment factors were main contributory factors. These initial results can guide further research on sleep quality
A Cadaveric Study on the Anomalous Origin of Renal and Gonadal Vasculature: An Observational Study
Authors: Farris Penelope C. , Macciola Dylan M. , Barazani Lauren N. , Nathan Justin R. , Quinn Danielle , Peters Daniel F.
Published: August 2022

Background: Due to the increasing prevalence of kidney transplantation, a greater awareness of variations in the surrounding vasculature is of surgical importance. During embryological development, both the renal and gonadal arteries arise from lateral mesonephric branches of the dorsal aorta. In adults, gonadal arteries are paired vessels that normally arise from the aorta at the level of the second lumbar vertebra.
Methods: Routine cadaveric dissection completed by first-year medical students and dental students incidentally revealed anatomical anomalies.
Results: We describe two cadaveric findings in male cases which demonstrate unilateral and bilateral variations of testicular arteries originating from an aberrant renal artery in one case and an accessory renal artery in the other.
Conclusion: By increasing awareness of anomalous testicular arteries we hope to encourage the standardization of preoperative vasculature exploration to both minimize intra-operative risk to living male kidney donors and increase patients’ understanding of potential risks and complications prior to consenting to the procedure providing more accurate information prior to surgery.
Trauma hepático grave con compromiso vascular y fuga biliar
Authors: Quizhpi Lazo Julia Marcela , Galarza Armijos Monica Eulalia , Endis Miranda Miurkis , Marcano Sanz Luis Enrique
Published: August 2022

Introducción: El hígado se lesiona con mayor frecuencia en un trauma de abdomen de alta energía, con una incidencia entre 1 % y 8 %. Las lesiones traumáticas de las vías biliares son muy raras.
Casos clínicos: Presentamos dos pacientes con trauma hepático grave, y compromiso extrahepático vascular y de la vía biliar; y el abordaje quirúrgico para preservar funcionalmente ambos lóbulos:
Masculino de 1 año, trauma hepático grado V, lesión incompleta de vena porta derecha, a nivel de la bifurcación y del conducto biliar hepático izquierdo. Se reparó el daño portal y de la vía biliar. Femenina de dos años, trauma cerrado de abdomen, lesión del parénquima de lóbulo derecho del hígado, sección total del conducto hepático izquierdo, y contusión pancreática asociada. En ambos casos se realizó una hepáticoyeyunostomía en Y de Roux y conservación de ambos lóbulos.
Conclusión: En los traumas complejos hepáticos que involucran ambos lóbulos, la evolución depende de calidad de la masa residual. La cirugía conservadora con reconstrucciones vasculares y biliares, evita un fallo hepático agudo, permite ganar tiempo hasta la regeneración funcional del parénquima y proteger de una eventual insuficiencia hepática postoperatoria.
The Influence of Trunk Impairment Level on the Kinematic Characteristics of Alpine Sit-Skiing: A Case Study of Paralympic Medalists
Authors: Ishige Yusuke , Inaba Yuki , Hakamada Noriko , Yoshioka Shinsuke
Published: August 2022

This study aimed to examine the relationship between the trunk impairment level and the trunk kinematic characteristics during alpine sit-skiing from a classification perspective. Three Paralympic medalists in sitting classes (LW10-2, LW11, and LW12-2) participated in the present study. To simulate the racing conditions, giant slalom gates were set. To measure the kinematics of the skier and sit-ski during skiing, a motion capture method with inertial measurement units was used. The muscle activities of the trunk muscles were evaluated using electromyography. Chest lateral flexion, chest flexion, and hip flexion/extension angle during sit-skiing were reduced due to impairment. Additionally, the insufficient lateral flexion (angulation) caused a decrease in edging angle, and that the insufficient chest and hip flexion/extension caused a lower loading in the latter half of the turn through smaller vertical movement. Since edging angle and loading are key factors in ski control, the three joint motions could be measures of sport-specific activity limitation in sit-skiing classification. Between the LW10-2 and LW11 skiers, no distinct differences in trunk kinematics were found. Assuming the scaling factor of race time as a measure of skiing performance, one possible reason is that the difference in skiing performance the LW10-2 and LW11 skiers is considerably smaller relative to differences between the LW11 and LW12-2 skiers. There were no distinct differences among classes in the results of muscle activity, and therefore, this information appears to play a minimal role for classification.
The Effect of Digital Marketing Mix Strategy on Marketing Performance Through the Implementation of Customer Relationship Management MSME 4.0 DKI Jakarta
Authors: Yusuf Alvina Mumtaza , Astuti Miguna , Ariani Maria Bernadette Nani
Published: August 2022

There was a decline in the growth rate of DKI Jakarta's Gross Regional Domestic Product in 2020 due to the Covid-19 pandemic. GRDP is closely related to income and sales volume sold for MSME. Revenue and sales volume are dimensions of marketing performance. The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of digital marketing mix strategy and customer relationship management on marketing performance. Researchers used a quantitative approach by distributing questionnaires to 231 owners or managers of MSME 4.0 in DKI Jakarta. The proposed research model was tested using the Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) method with the Partial Least Square (PLS) specifically using the Smart-PLS 3.3 program. The results of data analysis show that: (1) Digital Marketing Mix Strategy has a significant effect on Customer Relationship Management MSME 4.0 DKI Jakarta (2) Customer Relationship Management has a significant effect on Marketing Performance of MSME 4.0 DKI Jakarta (3) Digital Marketing Mix Strategy has a significant effect on Marketing Performance MSME 4.0 DKI Jakarta.

Keywords: MSME 4.0, Marketing Performance, Digital Marketing Mix Strategy, and Customer Relationship Management.
Accounting for Aversion: Costs of the Renewable Fuel Standard after Reaching the Blend Wall
Authors: Noel Michael D. , Roach Travis
Published: August 2022

In response to escalating renewable requirements in the U.S., the EPA has approved the use of E15, a 15% ethanol blend, to eventually replace E10. Since a minimum of 10% of vehicles cannot use E15, both E10 and E15 must remain available. Due to EPA and car manufacturers’ disagreements about the safety of E15 in cars made between 2001-2012, a substantial portion of consumers will have a choice laden with uncertainty. Using a regionally-calibrated model we discuss the potential for consumer aversion to E15 and assess the change in consumer expenditures from that aversion if the mandate is met by moving consumers to E15. We find that consumer burden would amount to nearly $230 million dollars per month in our most conservative of estimates, and upwards of $929 million dollars per month if there is a modest amount of ethanol aversion. We also discuss consumer burden costs regionally for each of the eight Petroleum Administration Defense Districts. In light of this consumer burden, we discuss policy prescriptions to help mitigate such costs should the EPA choose to increase the amount of conventional biofuels that are blended into the fuel supply.