bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Gains of 12q are the most frequent genomic imbalances in adult fibrosarcoma and are correlated with a poor outcome
Authors: Schmidt H. , Taubert H. , Würl P. , Kappler M. , Lange H. , Bartel F. , Bache M. , Holzhausen H.‐J. , Hinze R.
Published: August 2002

Comparative genomic hybridization was used to analyze 41 adult fibrosarcomas from 34 patients. Thirty‐one patients showed in their tumors DNA sequence copy number changes (mean 11, range 3–25). The minimal common regions for the most frequent gains were narrowed down to 12q21 (18 cases); 12q14–q15 and 14q22 (16 cases each); 4q22, 7q31, and 14q23–q24 (15 cases each); and 4q21, 4q23–q24, 8q22, and 12q22 (14 cases each). Twenty‐five high‐level amplifications were observed in 12 samples. 12q21 and 18p were affected three times each; and 1p21, 4q31.3, 7p21, 12q14–q15, Xp22.1–p22.2, and Xq22–q23 two times each. Losses were less frequent than gains. Early stages of adult fibrosarcomas were characterized by frequent gains of chromosomes 2, 4q, and 14q, whereas gains of chromosomes 7 and 8q were associated with progression. Gains of 12q were frequent in all of the developmental steps of this soft‐tissue sarcoma. By investigation of several tumors of the same patient, a number of corresponding changes were always detected. Adult fibrosarcomas from patients who died during the observation time showed statistically significant more frequent gains of 8q, 12q, 13q, and 15q compared to the fibrosarcomas of patients who are alive. Gains and high‐level amplifications of 12q14–q22, which were the most frequent genomic imbalances, partly reflected an MDM2 amplification, indicating the importance of this region in the tumorigenesis of sarcomas. In adult fibrosarcomas, a gain of 12q22 correlated significantly (P = 0.028) with a poor overall survival rate. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cryopreserved chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells analyzed by multicolor fluorescence in situ hybridization after optimized mitogen stimulation
Authors: Karhu Ritva , Vilpo Leena , Isola Jorma , Knuutila Sakari , Vilpo Juhani
Published: August 2002

We investigated the utility of multicolor in situ fluorescence hybridization (mFISH) on cryopreserved blood cells from 11 chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) patients. The results demonstrate that an individually chosen optimized mitogen combination induces proliferation of neoplastic B‐cells after cryopreservation. Abnormal cells were detected in eight samples by mFISH, and, in six samples, the abnormality could be verified by comparative genomic hybridization or interphase FISH. In addition to typical CLL abnormalities, such as del(11q) or +12, several balanced translocations and single‐cell abnormalities were found. Thus, mFISH can reveal new prognostically relevant chromosome aberrations in CLL. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Nearly all hereditary paragangliomas in The Netherlands are caused by two founder mutations in the SDHD gene
Authors: Taschner Peter E.M. , Jansen Jeroen C. , Baysal Bora E. , Bosch Anne , Rosenberg Efraim H. , Bröcker‐Vriends Annette H.J.T. , van der Mey Andel G.L. , van Ommen Gert‐Jan B. , Cornelisse Cees J. , Devilee Peter
Published: August 2002

Hereditary paragangliomas or glomus tumors are usually benign slow‐growing tumors in the head and neck region. The inheritance pattern of hereditary paraganglioma is autosomal dominant with imprinting. Recently, we have identified the SDHD gene encoding subunit D of the mitochondrial respiratory chain complex II as one of the genes involved in hereditary paragangliomas. Here, we demonstrate that two founder mutations, Asp92Tyr and Leu139Pro, are responsible for paragangliomas in 24 and 6 of the 32 independently ascertained Dutch paraganglioma families, respectively. These two mutations were also detected among 20 of 55 isolated patients. Ten of the isolated patients had multiple paragangliomas, and in eight of these SDHD germline mutations were found, indicating that multicentricity is a strong predictive factor for the hereditary nature of the disorder in isolated patients. In addition, we demonstrate that the maternally derived wild‐type SDHD allele is lost in tumors from mutation‐carrying patients, indicating that SDHD functions as a tumor suppressor gene. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Genomic imbalances in the progression of endocrine pancreatic tumors
Authors: Zhao Jianming , Moch Holger , Scheidweiler Alexander F. , Baer Angela , Schäffer Alejandro A. , Speel Ernst J.M. , Roth Jürgen , Heitz Philipp U. , Komminoth Paul
Published: August 2002

Endocrine pancreatic tumors (EPTs) are neoplasms with malignant potential. To explore the molecular basis of metastatic progression in human EPTs, we analyzed 17 paired specimens of primary EPTs and their metastases and 28 nonmetastatic EPTs using comparative genomic hybridization (CGH). Genomic alterations were detected in all of the matched primary/metastatic tumors and 19 (58%) nonmetastatic EPTs. The mean number of genomic changes was 17.3 in metastases, 12.5 in their primary tumors, and 4.5 in nonmetastatic EPTs. Statistical analysis of shared genomic changes in matched pairs of primary tumors and metastases showed a high probability (>95%) of a clonal relationship in 15 of the 17 cases. A closely related genetic pattern was also demonstrated on the basis of concordance analysis of the two groups. The most striking genomic changes which were enriched in metastases included gains of chromosomes 4 and 7 and losses of 21q. Other common regions of frequent losses (>40%) identified in metastases and/or their primary tumors involved 2p, 2q, 3p, 3q, 6q, 10p, and 11p, whereas frequently detected gains (>40%) in the paired tumors involved 5p, 5q, 12q, 14q, 17q, 18q, and 20q. These chromosomal aberrations were found in significantly fewer nonmetastatic EPTs. Some of these chromosomal loci may harbor genes contributing to the progression of EPT. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Novel germline RET mutation segregating with papillary thyroid carcinomas
Authors: Rey Jean‐Marc , Brouillet Jean‐Paul , Fonteneau‐Allaire Joëlle , Boneu Andrée , Bastié Delphine , Maudelonde Thierry , Pujol Pascal
Published: August 2002

The RET proto‐oncogene is responsible for inherited medullary thyroid cancer syndromes. RET is also found mutated in sporadic medullary thyroid cancer (MTC) and rearranged in sporadic papillary thyroid carcinomas. Here, we describe a previously unreported germline RET mutation at codon 603 in exon 10 associated with both MTC and nonmedullary thyroid cancer (NMTC) in a kindred. RET may thus not be excluded as a potential candidate for predisposition to some forms of NMTC. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The probable industrial origin of archaeological daub at an Iron Age site in Northeast Thailand*
Authors: Parr J. F. , Boyd W. E.
Published: August 2002

Determining probable firing temperatures of daub recovered from archaeological sites provides opportunities to interpret the design and/or function of prehistoric structures. This paper critiques some of the methods for determining firing temperatures of daub, and presents a case study using samples from a secure depositional context at the Iron Age archaeological site of Noen U‐Loke, in northeast Thailand. Adopting a multimethod approach, the paper examines relationships between color, micro‐ and macro‐inclusions, elemental and mineralogical composition, physical form, and temperature, through the application of ICP‐MS, XRD analysis, magnetic susceptibility, and light microscopy. The important methodological point here is that the combined interpretation of independent measures provides a better estimate of the original firing temperatures of the archaeological material than has hitherto been possible. Initial examination implied that our samples were fired, in antiquity, at low temperatures, and concluded a nonindustrial source for the daub. We suggest that determining maximum temperatures for this original firing will provide the clearest discrimination between possible types of features (e.g., housing, kiln/furnace) from which the daub originally came. The results of our study indicate that the archaeological daub samples have been exposed to a range of temperatures from 200°C to 1000°C. It seems highly likely, therefore, that the daub was derived from a spatially complex structure, such as an industrial kiln or furnace, which has experienced a range of firing temperatures. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Investigation of Islamic ceramics from Tell Tuneinir using X‐ray diffraction
Authors: Eiland M.L. , Williams Q.
Published: August 2002

In this study, X‐ray diffraction (XRD) is applied to select ceramics, particularly dating to the Ayyoubid (A.D. 1174–1250) period from Tell Tuneinir in Syria. Because XRD has not been commonly applied to archaeological ceramics, a thorough background of the technique is given, with emphasis on quantitative measurements of quartz and calcite tempers. Several compositional groups based on raw materials and firing conditions emerge. While most ceramic samples are of local manufacture, Islamic stonepaste wares, and the “grenade” sample emerge as likely imports. We conclude that XRD is a powerful tool in characterizing archaeological ceramics and may be used to semi‐quantitatively gauge the amount of quartz, calcite, and feldspars in a sample. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Generation dependent reduction of tTA expression in double transgenic NZL‐2/tTACMV mice
Authors: Fedorov Lev M. , Tyrsin Oleg Yu. , Sakk Olena , Ganscher Alla , Rapp Ulf R.
Published: August 2002

Summary: Despite the overall successful application of the tet‐system to regulate gene expression in vitro and in vivo, nothing is known so far about the long‐term stability of this system in transgenic mice. In this study, mice of generation F2, F3, F4, or F10 of two independent tTACMV transgenic lines were bred with NZL‐2 mice containing a tTA‐responsive bidirectional promoter that allows the simultaneous expression of two reporter genes encoding luciferase and β‐galactosidase. Analysis of the expression of transgenes in double transgenic mice revealed a dramatic reduction of tTA transactivator mRNA over time. As a consequence, the expression of both reporter genes was gradually reduced from generation to generation in tissues of embryonic and adult NZL‐2/tTACMV mice. Luciferase activity in NZL‐2/tTACMV(F10) mice was reduced 8–10‐fold compared to NZL‐2/ tTACMV(F2) mice, and β‐galactosidase expression was no longer detectable. In summary, we describe the long‐term instability of the tet‐system in our NZL‐2/tTACMV double transgenic mice. The molecular basis of this observation and experimental tools to overcome this limitation need to be addressed in future. genesis 31:78–84, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
CDC‐25.1 regulates germline proliferation in Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Ashcroft Neville , Golden Andy
Published: August 2002

Summary: The cell cycles in C. elegans are tightly controlled but appear to use the same regulators found in other organisms. Four homologues of the dual‐specificity phosphatase Cdc25 are present in the C. elegans genome. In our study, we have characterized a deletion mutant for one of these orthologues. We show that embryonic defects are absent in cdc‐25.1 homozygous mutants, presumably because of maternally contributed CDC‐25.1 product. These embryos hatch and develop into sterile adults. The adults do not appear to have any somatic defects. The sterility results from inadequate germline proliferation. Germline precursors divide slowly and produce abnormally sized daughter cells. Only three to four rounds of germ‐cell division occur before they die during the L3 and L4 larval stages. genesis 33:1–7, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Developmental potential and survival of glycolysis‐deficient cells in fetal mouse chimeras
Authors: Kelly Annemarie , West John D.
Published: August 2002

Summary: Mouse embryos homozygous for a null allele of Gpi1 fail to complete gastrulation and die around E7.5. We produced E12.5 chimeric mouse conceptuses, composed of wild‐type and homozygous Gpi1m/m null mutant cells to test whether the presence of wild‐type cells allowed mutant cells to survive and, if so, whether they survived better in some tissue locations than others. Fourteen homozygous Gpi1m/m↔Gpi1c/c chimeras were identified and these contained low levels of homozygous mutant cells in most tissues tested. Homozygous Gpi1m/m cells contributed better to the yolk sac endoderm and placenta than to the epiblast derivatives tested (retinal pigment epithelium, brain, tail, amnion, and yolk sac mesoderm). The depletion of mutant cells confirms that the gene acts cell autonomously, but the GPI deficiency is not always cell‐lethal. When mixed with wild‐type cells in chimeras, homozygous mutant cells can differentiate into many different cell types and survive until at least E12.5. genesis 33:29–39, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Induced DNA recombination by Cre recombinase protein transduction
Authors: Joshi Sunil K. , Hashimoto Kahoko , Koni Pandelakis A.
Published: August 2002

Summary: Cre is a DNA recombinase that recognizes 34 base‐pair loxP sites of recombination. We have developed a cell‐permeable Cre recombinase, TATCre, that is capable of mediating deletion of loxP‐flanked targets by simply adding TATCre to cell cultures. Thus, TATCre allows efficient induced DNA recombination without the use of a Cre recombinase transgene or any other genetic material and should prove useful for the genetic manipulation of a wide variety of cell types that have been engineered to possess loxP sites. genesis 33:48–54, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The use of in ovo electroporation for the rapid analysis of neural‐specific murine enhancers
Authors: Timmer John , Johnson Jane , Niswander Lee
Published: August 2002

Summary: The identification and characterization of DNA sequences necessary for proper gene expression have provided insights into gene regulation and generated tools useful for further experimentation. Studies of developmentally regulated genes have demonstrated how transcription factors interact at enhancers to generate restricted patterns of expression during embryogenesis. In vertebrates, the pursuit of such studies has relied on the generation of transgenic mice and thus has been limited by the time and expense required generating and characterizing these mice. The recently developed technique of in ovo electroporation allows the rapid introduction of exogenous DNA into developing chicken embryos. Here we have used this technique to introduce DNA containing murine enhancer/reporter constructs into cells of the chicken neural tube, resulting in appropriate expression of the reporter. This technique has the potential to greatly reduce the effort involved in the study of vertebrate enhancers. Furthermore, we have characterized factors such as timing of electroporation, concentration of DNA, and choice of basal promoters and found that they can influence the degree to which expression of enhancer constructs reflects endogenous gene expression. genesis 29:123–132, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Developmental regulation of an instability element from the Drosophila fushi tarazu mRNA
Authors: Fontes Aparecida Maria , Riedl Ann , Jacobs‐Lorena Marcelo
Published: August 2002

Summary: The Drosophila fushi tarazu (ftz) mRNA is one of the shortest‐lived metazoan mRNAs, and its instability is crucial for proper development of the embryo. Previously, we identified two cis‐acting elements that are required for ftz mRNA degradation, one within the 5′ one‐third and another in the 3′UTR of the message. Here we focus on the 3′UTR element termed FIE3 (ftz instability element in the 3′UTR). To investigate the developmental regulation of the FIE3‐dependent degrading activity we measured the abundance of an FIE3‐containing mRNA in ovaries, unfertilized eggs, and different larval and adult tissues. We found that FIE3‐degrading activity is present at all developmental stages and tissues examined, except in the ovary. Activation of the FIE3‐dependent mRNA decay is independent of fertilization because it could be triggered by egg activation. Finally, we provide evidence that mutation of conserved elements within FIE3 had no effect on mRNA instability. genesis 30:59–64, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Imprinting defects in mouse embryos: stochastic errors or polymorphic phenotype?
Authors: Croteau Sylvie , Polychronakos Constantin , Naumova Anna K.
Published: August 2002

Summary: Defects in expression of imprinted genes are believed to cause developmental abnormalities and play a role in carcinogenesis. To determine whether spontaneous imprinting defects may occur in mouse embryos, we studied the expression of two imprinted genes H19 and Igf2 in individual postimplantation 7.5 d.p.c. and 8.5 d.p.c. embryos. Biallelic expression of H19 was found in 1.6% of the embryos, whereas biallelic expression of Igf2 was found in 0.5% of the embryos. The loss of H19 imprinting (LOI) observed in a small fraction of early postimplantation embryos may be purely stochastic. Alternatively, since we never observed it in an inbred background, it may depend on genetic factors acting in trans. Either mechanism could explain the occurrence of polymorphic imprinting as well as the genesis of sporadic imprinting defects, including cancer. The frequency of LOI of H19 was higher than the incidence of sporadic imprinting disorders in humans (about 1 in 20,000). This contradiction may be explained by different incidence of imprinting errors in different imprinted regions of the genome, in different species, or by loss of the majority of nonmosaic embryos with imprinting defects before birth. genesis 31:11–16, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Is peak height sufficient?
Authors: Siegmund David
Published: August 2002

The suggestion that more power can be obtained from a genome scan by consideration of “peak width” in addition to “peak height” has been controversial. Regarding this question from the viewpoint of smoothing, one finds that to the extent that smoothing increases the informativeness of individual markers it is possible to obtain increased power; but for markers that are fully informative the value of smoothing is questionable. Genet. Epidemiol. 20:403–408, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Lod scores for gene mapping in the presence of marker map uncertainty
Authors: Stringham Heather M. , Boehnke Michael
Published: August 2002

Multipoint lod scores are typically calculated for a grid of locus positions, moving the putative disease locus across a fixed map of genetic markers. Changing the order of a set of markers and/or the distances between the markers can make a substantial difference in the resulting lod score curve and the location and height of its maximum. The typical approach of using the best maximum likelihood marker map is not easily justified if other marker orders are nearly as likely and give substantially different lod score curves. To deal with this problem, we propose three weighted multipoint lod score statistics that make use of information from all plausible marker orders. In each of these statistics, the information conditional on a particular marker order is included in a weighted sum, with weight equal to the posterior probability of that order. We evaluate the type 1 error rate and power of these three statistics on the basis of results from simulated data, and compare these results to those obtained using the best maximum likelihood map and the map with the true marker order. We find that the lod score based on a weighted sum of maximum likelihoods improves on using only the best maximum likelihood map, having a type 1 error rate and power closest to that of using the true marker order in the simulation scenarios we considered. Genet. Epidemiol. 21:31–39, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Palaeoclimate indicators (clay minerals, calcareous nannofossils, stable isotopes) compared from two successions in the late Jurassic of the Volga Basin (SE Russia)
Authors: Ruffell A. H. , Price G. D. , Mutterlose J. , Kessels K. , Baraboshkin E. , Gröcke D. R.
Published: August 2002

A study of clay mineral and calcareous nannofossil abundances in late Jurassic–early Cretaceous sediments from the Volga Basin, SE Russia, is presented. From these results, we are able to compare some general patterns of mineralogical and palaeontological change for the Volga Basin to the palaeoclimate models developed for northern Europe and beyond. The two successions examined comprise calcareous mudstones with black organic‐rich shale horizons, overlain by a series of phosphatic silty sands. Clay mineralogical results show a progressive decrease in kaolinite and the concomitant increase of smectite and illite through the middle Volgian, followed by an abrupt increase in kaolinite in the late Volgian. The clay mineral evidence suggests increasing aridity at the end of the Jurassic, similar, in part, to many western European successions. Because of differential settling of clay minerals, superimposed upon this possible climatic signature is likely to be the effect of relative sea‐level change. Calcareous nannofossil analysis from a single section reveals a shift through the middle Volgian from low nutrient, warm water assemblages dominated by Watznaueria to cooler surface water and high nutrient assemblages dominated by Biscutum constans. These observations suggest that increased aridity is also associated with climatic cooling. Black shales are associated with increased productivity, higher sea levels and increases in smectite content. Hence, periods of low (chemical) hinterland weathering during semi‐arid conditions are paradoxically associated with relatively nutrient‐rich waters, and organic‐rich shales. Comparison of published carbon and oxygen stable isotope results from this and other sections to the clay mineral and nannofossil data confirms the palaeoclimatic interpretation. This study significantly improves the published biostratigraphically constrained clay mineral database for this time period, because other European and North American successions are either non‐marine (and thus poorly dated), absent (through penecontemporaneous erosion) or condensed. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Inhibition of store‐operated Ca2+ influx by acidic extracellular pH in cultured human microglia
Authors: Khoo Clarence , Helm Jeffrey , Choi Hyun B. , Kim Seung U. , McLarnon James G.
Published: August 2002

The effects of extracellular acidification on Ca2+‐dependent signaling pathways in human microglia were investigated using Ca2+‐sensitive fluorescence microscopy. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) was used to elicit Ca2+ responses primarily dependent on the depletion of intracellular endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stores, while platelet‐activating factor (PAF) was used to elicit responses primarily dependent on store‐operated channel (SOC) influx of Ca2+. The duration of transient responses induced by ATP was not significantly different in standard physiological pH 7.4 (mean duration 30.2 ± 2.5 s) or acidified pH 6.2 (mean duration 31.7 ± 2.8 s) extracellular solutions. However, the time course of the PAF response at pH 7.4 was significantly reduced by 87% with external pH at 6.2. These results suggest that acidification of extracellular solutions inhibits SOC entry of Ca2+ with little or no effect on depletion of ER stores. Changes of extracellular pH over the range from 8.6 to 6.2 during the development of a sustained SOC influx induced by PAF resulted in instantaneous modulation of SOC amplitude indicating a rapidly reversible effect of pH on this Ca2+ pathway. Whole‐cell patch clamp recordings showed external acidification blocked depolarization‐activated outward K+ current indicating cellular depolarization may be involved in the acid pH inhibition. Since SOC mediated influx of Ca2+ is strongly modulated by membrane potential, the electrophysiological data suggest that acidification may act to inhibit SOC by cellular depolarization. These results suggest that acidification observed during cerebral ischemia may alter microglial responses and functions. GLIA 36:22–30, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Vitamin B12 in primary health care and geriatrics—attitudes, knowledge and competence
Authors: Lökk Johan , Nilsson Mats , Norberg Bo , Hultdin Johan , Sandström Herbert , Westman Göran
Published: August 2002

Objectives

The objective of the study was to test attitudes, knowledge and competence of Swedish general practitioners and geriatricians concerning B12‐associated problems in 1998.

Methods

Postal questionnaires were sent to a random sample of 485 GPs and a total sample of 613 geriatricians. The response rates were 70% in the GP group and 69% in the geriatrician group. The questionnaire contained 24 statements to be evaluated by a visuo‐analogue scale.

Results

There were small numerical differences between the two physician groups. The geriatricians were more aware of risk groups for B12 deficiency. GPs were less categorical concerning low hit rate in the laboratory testing of clinical conclusions. There were statistical differences in both directions for statements on pitfalls in laboratory diagnostics. GPs were somewhat less prone to give risk groups prophylactic B12 therapy.

Conclusions

GPs and geriatricians appeared to be familiar with the current debate on B12‐associated problems, suggesting that health care quality will be unaffected by patient transfer from hospital care to primary health care. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
C‐phosphorylation of N‐arylpyrroles
Authors: Ivonin Sergey P. , Tolmachev Andrew A. , Pinchuk Alexander M.
Published: August 2002

Phosphorylation of N‐arylpyrroles with phosphorus tribromide proceeds regioselectively at the position 2 of the heterocyclic system. A 2‐to‐3 migration of the dibromophosphino group has been discovered, with its ease depending on the electronic nature of a substituent on the phenyl ring, solvent polarity, and the presence of pyridine hydrobromide in the reaction mixture. Further phosphorylation of 2‐ and 3‐monophosphorylated N‐arylpyrroles regioselectively involves the respective positions 4 and 5 of the heterocycle and is governed by the electron‐acceptor effect of the phosphorus‐containing substituent. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 13:223–228, 2002; Published online in Wiley Interscience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/hc.10012
The reaction of heteroaroyl‐substituted heterocyclic ketene aminals with 2,3,4,6‐tetra‐O‐acetyl‐β‐D‐glucopyranosyl azide
Authors: Yang Qiang , Li Zhan‐Jiang , Chen Xiao‐Min , Huang Zhi‐Tang
Published: August 2002

The reaction of heteroaroyl‐substituted heterocyclic ketene aminals with 2,3,4,6‐tetra‐O‐acetyl‐β‐D‐glucopyranosyl azide was investigated and a series of potential bioactive compounds, 1‐glucopyranosyl‐4‐heterocyclic‐5‐heteroaryl‐1,2,3‐triazoles, were obtained in good yields. Both the reaction rate and the yield were strongly affected by the heteroaryl and heterocyclic groups. In order to improve their water solubility, the deprotection of 1‐glucopyranosyl‐4‐heterocyclic‐5‐heteroaryl‐1,2,3‐triazole was carried out. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 13:242–247, 2002; Published online in Wiley Interscience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/hc.10023
Facile stereoselective syntheses of aryl substituted α,β‐unsaturated esters containing a trifluoromethyl group
Authors: Pan Rui‐Qi , Wang Ping‐An , Deng Min‐Zhi
Published: August 2002

The Suzuki‐type cross‐coupling reaction of arylboronic acids 3 with ethyl (Z)‐3‐iodo‐4,4,4‐trifluoro‐2‐butenoate 2, which was generated by hydroiodination of available ethyl 4,4,4‐trifluoro‐2‐butynoate 1, to afford ethyl (E)‐3‐aryl‐4,4,4‐trifluoro‐2‐butenoates 4, was studied for the first time. It was found that under the optimum conditions the cross‐coupling reaction could readily give 4 as the sole E‐isomer in 76–91% yields. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 13:287–290, 2002; Published online in Wiley Interscience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/hc.10032
A tandem reaction of 4‐bromoalkyl aldehydes with sodium azide: Synthesis of 5,6,7,7a‐tetrahydro‐pyrrolo[1,2‐d]‐[1.2.3.4]oxatriazole
Authors: Ma Yuan
Published: August 2002

5,6,7,7a‐Tetrahydro‐pyrrolo[1,2‐d]‐[1.2.3.4]oxatriazoles were synthesized through a nucleophilic substitution–cycloaddition tandem reaction of 4‐bromoalkyl aldehydes with sodium azide. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 13:307–309, 2002; Published online in Wiley Interscience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/hc.10035
Desilylation and conversion of trimethylsilylmethyl epoxides into ketones under the influence of a bulky base
Authors: Ma Yuan
Published: August 2002

Trimethylsilylmethyl epoxides were converted into ketones through a desilylation, epoxide ring‐opening, and rearrangement reaction under the influence of a bulky base in the presence of 18‐crown‐6. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 13:310–315, 2002; Published online in Wiley Interscience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/hc.10036
Amino acids in the syntheses of heterocyclic systems: Syntheses and radiostability of novel biologically active triazoles containing the sulfonamide moiety
Authors: El‐Sharief A. M. Sh. , Ghorab M. M. , El‐Gaby M. S. A. , Mohamed Sh. I. , Ammar Y. A.
Published: August 2002

A number of novel triazoles 2a–f, 4, 9, 10, 12, 15; triazolothiadiazoles 6, 8, 11, 16; triazolothiadiazine 5; and triazolotriazine 14 were synthesized and characterized by elemental analyses and spectral data. Six of the compounds showed antifungal activity compared with the fungicide Mycostatine. Radiosterilization of the biologically active compounds 4, 8, 9b, and 10 in the dry state may prove to be applicable at the sterile dose 25 kGy. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 13:316–323, 2002; Published online in Wiley Interscience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/hc.10037
Rhodium‐catalyzed coupling reactions of β‐ or α,β‐substituted vinylpyridines with alkenes via CH bond activation
Authors: Lim Yeong‐Gweon , Kang Jung‐Bu , Lee Kieseung , Kim Yong Hae
Published: August 2002

β‐ or α,β‐Substituted vinylpyridines react with 3,3‐dimethylbut‐1‐ene in the presence of Wilkinson catalyst [RhCl(PPh3)3] to give the corresponding alkylated products along with unusually isomerized products. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 13:346–350, 2002; Published online in Wiley Interscience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/hc.10045
Regiocontrolled reactions of allylphosphonates: Syntheses of 1‐[(3‐methoxycarbonyl)‐allyl]‐vinylphosphonates and 3‐methoxycarbonyl‐1,3‐dienylphosphonates
Authors: Shen Yanchang , Jiang Guo‐Fang
Published: August 2002

‘Regiocontrolled syntheses of 3‐methoxycarbonyl‐1,3‐dienylphosphonates and 1‐[(3‐methoxycarbonyl)‐allyl]vinylphosphonates by using different conditions are described. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 13:373–376, 2002; Published online in Wiley Interscience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/hc.10050
Syntheses of 2‐alkylthio‐1,3‐thiazine derivatives from S‐alkyldithiocarbamates and α,β‐unsaturated ketones
Authors: Koketsu Mamoru , Okumura Miki , Ishihara Hideharu
Published: August 2002

Various 2‐alkylthio‐1,3‐thiazine derivatives were synthesized by the reactions of S‐alkylthiocarbamates with α,β‐unsaturated ketones in the presence of BF3 · Et2O. The thiazine was converted into two isomeric dehydrated products in the presence of a Lewis acid. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 13:377–379, 2002; Published online in Wiley Interscience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/hc.10055
Planarity of acetamides, thioacetamides, and selenoacetamides: Crystal structure of N,N‐dimethylselenoacetamide
Authors: Niu Shuqiang , Li Guang Ming , Zingaro Ralph A. , Reibenspies Joseph H. , Ichiye Toshiko
Published: August 2002

The planarity of acetamides 1a–3a, thioacetamides 4a–6a, and selenoacetamides 7a–9a, R1R2NC(=E)CH3 where E = O, S, Se, and R1, R2 = H or CH3, was investigated using theoretical calculations at the density functional theory (DFT) level. The calculations showed that the methyl substitution on nitrogen and the change from the amide moiety (NCO) to NCS or NCSe group increased the double bond character of the NC bond. In other words, the planarity of these compounds (1a–9a) increases in the order NH2 < NHCH3 < N(CH3)2 and O < S < Se. The calculations of bending energy suggest that the planar geometry represents the lowest energy conformation for all compounds investigated in this work. N,N‐Dimethyl‐selenoacetamide (9a), (CH3)2NC(Se) CH3, has the largest bending energy of 10.37 kcal/mol, which suggests that it possesses the greatest planarity among the compounds 1a–9a. However, the solid phase molecular structure of 9a was found to be slightly nonplanar by X‐ray crystallography. The slight nonplanarity observed experimentally is very likely the consequence of intermolecular interactions arising within the crystal packing. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 13:380–386, 2002; Published online in Wiley Interscience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/hc.10056
Pyridine‐facilitated phenylselenoetherification of some tertiary alkenols
Authors: Mojsilovic Biljana M. , Bugaric Zorica M.
Published: August 2002

An improved procedure for intramolecular cyclization of tertiary alkenols using benzeneselenyl halides has been developed. We found that cyclization can be facilitated by pyridine. Thus, in the presence of an equimolar amount of pyridine, a chemospecific reaction could be observed that resulted in formation of corresponding cyclic ethers, and quantitative yields were achieved instantaneously under extremely mild experimental conditions. The effect of the halide ion of the selenylating reagent is not significant, both halides generally giving equal results © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 12:475–479, 2001
New chiral macrocyclic phosphoramidate self‐associated by an intermolecular N–H ··· O = P hydrogen bond
Authors: Du Da‐Ming , Hua Wen‐Ting , Wang Zhe‐Ming , Yan Chun‐Hua
Published: August 2002

New macrocyclic chiral phosphoramidates containing 2,5‐diaryl‐1,3, 4‐oxadiazole and L‐alanine methyl ester units were synthesized by a convenient one‐pot procedure, X‐ray analysis of one chiral macrocycle shows that the phosphoramidate molecules are self‐associated by intermolecular N–H ··· O = P hydrogen bonds, the layer stacking along the b axis forming channels parallel to the b axis. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 12:480–484, 2001
Syntheses of new conformationally constrainedS‐[2‐[(1‐iminoethyl)amino] ethyl]homocysteine derivatives as potential nitric oxide synthase inhibitors
Authors: Wang Lijuan J. , Grapperhaus Margaret L. , Pitzele Barnett S. , Hagen Timothy J. , Fok Kam F. , Scholten Jeffrey A. , Spangler Dale P. , Toth Mihaly V. , Jerome Gina M. , Moore William M. , Manning Pamela T. , Sikorski James A.
Published: August 2002

The efficient syntheses of two new types of conformationally constrained S‐[2‐[(1‐iminoethyl)amino]ethyl]homocysteine derivatives, 1‐amino‐3‐[2[(1‐iminoethyl)amino]ethylthio]cyclobutane carboxylic Acid (5) and (4S)‐4‐[[2‐[(1‐Iminoethyl)amino]ethyl]thio]‐L‐proline (6), are reported. These molecules represent the first attempts to probe conformational constraint near the α‐amino acid moiety of known homocysteine‐based inhibitors of nitric oxide synthase. Targets5and6were evaluated as potential inhibitors of the three human isoforms of nitric oxide synthase. © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 13:77–83, 2002; DOI 10.1002/hc.1109
Reconsideration of discharge data to measure competition in the hospital industry
Authors: Nauenberg Eric , Andrijuk Yuri , Eisinger Matthew
Published: August 2002

Economists have long used state‐collected discharge data to construct Hirschman–Herfindahl (HH) indices measuring hospital competition. Since data are collected to determine the facility providing the service rather than ownership, the difference between the number of reporting facilities and the number of competitors has grown over time due to mergers and networking activities. Consequently, the validity of the discharge HH methodology, as currently employed, is in doubt. Comparing the annual census of New York state acute‐care hospitals by the State and the American Hospital Association (AHA), we find that it is increasingly important to account for changes in ownership when constructing such indices. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Reply to: econometric issues in testing the age neutrality of health care expenditure
Authors: Zweifel Peter , Felder Stefan , Meier Markus
Published: August 2002

Salas and Raftery allege that in our paper, (1) remaining life expectancy is an endogenous explanatory variable of health care expenditure and (2) the parameter designed to correct for sample selection bias in fact represents a hidden relationship between health care expenditure and age. We argue that claim (1) is not supported by the available empirical evidence, while claim (2) seems to derive from a too cursory reading of our paper. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Control of regional metastasis after induction chemotherapy and radiotherapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Authors: Chua Daniel T. T. , Sham Jonathan S. T. , Wei William I. , Ho Wai Kuen , Au Gordon , Choy Damon
Published: August 2002

Background

To study the impact of adding induction chemotherapy to radiotherapy on the long‐term control of regional metastasis and survival in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC).

Methods

Between February 1988 and August 1993, 240 NPC patients with Ho's T3 stage, N2–3 stage, or nodal size ≥3 cm were recruited onto two randomized trials comparing induction chemotherapy followed by radiotherapy (CT + RT) and radiotherapy alone (RT) using a similar treatment protocol. Of these, 210 patients (105 in each treatment arm) had cervical nodal metastasis and were included in the analysis. Patients in the CT + RT arm received two to three cycles of cisplatin, 60 mg/m2 day 1, + epirubicin, 110 mg/m2 day 1, followed by radiotherapy. Radiotherapy technique and dose were similar in both arms. The median follow‐up time was 71 months (range, 5–152 months).

Results

The overall response rate of nodal disease to chemotherapy was 86%, and the complete response (CR) rate was 44%. At the end of radiotherapy, 92% of patients in the CT + RT arm and 86% in the RT arm achieved CR in the neck (p = .12). The 5‐year nodal relapse‐free survival rates in the CT + RT and RT arm were 83% and 75%, respectively (p = .13). Most neck failures (81%) occurred during the first 36 months of follow‐up. Radical neck dissection successfully salvaged 41% of neck failures in the CT + RT arm and 46% in the RT arm. The 5‐year distant metastases‐free survival rates were 70% in the CT + RT arm and 68% in the RT arm (p = .56), and the corresponding 5‐year disease‐specific survival rates were 66% and 68%, respectively (p = .55). In subgroup analysis, no significant differences in regional control and survival could be found in patients with Ho's N2–3 stage, AJCC N2–3 stage, or nodal size >6 cm.

Conclusions

Induction chemotherapy does not seem to improve the regional control and survival in NPC patients with regional metastasis compared with radiotherapy alone and is not recommended as a routine treatment outside the context of a clinical trial. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 24: 350–360, 2002; DOI 10.1002/hed.10056
Powered instrumentation for transcervical removal of gigantic intrathoracic thyroid
Authors: Har‐El Gady , Sundaram Kris
Published: August 2002

Background

It is widely accepted that almost all intrathoracic goiters can be removed through the neck. For those rare gigantic goiters that cannot be removed transcervically, median sternotomy is usually recommended. During the last 11 years we used intracapsular volume reduction techniques to facilitate transcervical removal of extremely large intrathoracic goiters.

Materials and Methods

Of 149 patients with intrathoracic goiters, 11 patients had gigantic lesions that could not be removed transcervically. Instead of sternotomy, we used the arthroscopic or sinus microdebrider or a large‐bore suction device for controlled intracapsular volume reduction. This was followed by complete removal of the gland through the neck.

Results

The thyroid gland was removed completely in all 11 patients. None of the patients had any evidence of intraoperative spillage of thyroid tissue. No major complications were noted.

Conclusions

We have found the use of the microdebrider and/or suction device for intracapsular volume reduction to be extremely helpful for transcervical removal of gigantic intrathoracic goiters. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Head Neck 23: 322–325, 2001.
Oral cysticercosis—report of six cases
Authors: Nigam Sonu , Singh Tejinder , Mishra Archana , Chaturvedi K. Uma
Published: August 2002

Background

Cysticercosis cellulosae rarely involves the oral region in humans.

Methods

Six cases of oral cysticercosis were diagnosed, three each in lips and buccal mucosa. Diagnosis was made by characteristic gross and histopathologic appearances.

Results

Of 146 cases of cysticercosis, 6 (4.1%) were of the oral cavity. All 6 cases were initially seen with painless swellings. Clinical differential diagnosis ranged from retention cyst, lipoma, fibroma, neurofibroma, and angular stomatitis. Histopathologic examination revealed cysticercus larvae.

Conclusions

The oral cavity is a rare site of involvement by cysticercosis, even in an endemic area. Histopathologic findings of the excised cyst are diagnostic of the lesion. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Head Neck 23: 497–499, 2001.
Functional reconstruction of the lateral face after ablative tumor resection: Use of free muscle and musculocutaneous flaps
Authors: Maral Tugrul , Ozcan Gurhan
Published: August 2002

Background

Wide resection of tumors of the middle third of the face often results in complex three‐dimensional defects and facial paralysis either due to removal of the facial nerve within the tumoral tissue or to extensive resection of the facial muscles.

Methods

We report the cases of three patients who underwent wide excision of tumors of the cheek region, operations that resulted in tissue defects and facial palsy. Defect reconstruction and facial reanimation was accomplished in one stage through functional muscle transplantation.

Results

Follow‐up of more than 1 year showed good symmetry at rest and reanimation of the corner of the mouth in all cases, but one patient, in which the ipsilateral facial main trunk was used as motor nerve supply to the transplanted muscle, developed significant muscle contracture and binding of the cheek skin.

Conclusions

Every effort should be made to optimize the functional and cosmetic outcomes of neurovascular muscle transfers through precise planning and careful execution of the intricate details of the surgical technique for muscle transplantation. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Head Neck 23: 836–843, 2001.
Experimentarium as arena for common learning during change processes
Authors: Kofoed Lise Busk , Rosenørn Torben , Jensen Lars Peter
Published: August 2002

The initiating question guiding this study is how employee participation can be established during an organizational change process in order to improve the employees' involvement in the design of their future work environment. A case study in which an “experimentarium” (learning lab) was conducted in a medium‐size Danish company is presented. The case study demonstrates that it is feasible to generate employee participation in designing their future working environment in the experimentarium when careful attention is given to the influence of situational factors and the pedagogical methods utilized are chosen carefully to suit the various learning situations through the process. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Neonatal exposure to novelty enhances long‐term potentiation in CA1 of the rat hippocampus
Authors: Tang Akaysha C. , Zou Bende
Published: August 2002

Exposing rats to an enriched environment over an extended period of time has been shown to enhance hippocampal long‐term potentiation (LTP). Whether such prolonged exposure to environmental manipulation is necessary for LTP enhancement and whether the environmentally induced enhancement can persist long after the cessation of the environmental manipulation remain unknown. Using a novelty exposure procedure modified from the method of neonatal handling, we exposed neonatal rats to a non‐home environment for 3 min/day during the first 3 weeks of life. We examined the LTP of both population spikes and excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs), in vitro, in the CA1 of the hippocampus during adulthood (7–8 and 13–14 months of age). We found that both the LTP of population spikes and the LTP of EPSPs were enhanced among animals who experienced neonatal novelty exposure. These results demonstrate that effective environmental enhancement of LTP can be achieved by as brief and as transient a manipulation as a 3‐min/day exposure over the first 3 weeks of life. The resulting enhancement can outlast the environmental manipulation by at least 1 year. Hippocampus 2002;12:398–404. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Spatial and temporal patterns of morphogenesis of hippocampal pyramidal cells: Study in the early postnatal rat
Authors: López‐Gallardo M. , Prada Carmen
Published: August 2002

Several studies have dealt with the morphogenesis of the rat hippocampal pyramidal cell, but little is known about how the different pyramidal cell shapes of CA fields differentiate from neuroepithelial cells, or about how the field morphological identity emerges. From our studies of pyramidal cell shapes in the CA1, CA3, and CA4 fields of hippocampi at postnatal developmental stages between P0 and P12, using fresh semidissociated slices and acutely dissociated cells, we identified the sequence of cell shape transformation by which they differentiate from simple bipolar to complex shapes characteristic of adult pyramidal cells of CA1 and CA3. Pyramidal cell morphogenesis does not occur synchronously throughout the CA hippocampus fields, but cells in the CA4 field undergo morphological differentiation at earlier stages, prenatally, than CA3 cells, and these in turn earlier than CA1 cells. Thus, during the P1–P6 stages, a gradient of shapes from less to greater differentiation was clearly observed from CA1 to CA4 in a single slice. Furthermore, a mixture of cells at different degrees of differentiation is observed in CA1 from P1 to P10, and in CA3 from P1 to P5. A gradient of shapes from more to less differentiation was observed at stages P5–P6 from septal to temporal. We describe two processes in the pyramidal cell morphogenesis in the CA1 and CA3 fields, the approximation to the soma of the point of bifurcation of the main apical process, and the acquisition of triangular shape of the soma, showing by a quantitative study of both processes that they occur earlier in CA3 than in CA1. Our study, therefore, provides new insight into rat pyramidal cell morphogenesis, and indicates that this process might be differently regulated in the various CA fields. Hippocampus 2001;11:118–131. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Natural convective heat transfer in uniformly heated vertical pipe annuli
Authors: Takahashi Koki , Morikawa Takuya , Harada Yutaka , Hattori Naozo
Published: August 2002

Natural convective heat transfer in vertical concentric pipe annuli is investigated both numerically and experimentally for a fluid having a Prandtl number of 0.7. Numerical calculations for three cases of different heating conditions for pipes (heated inner pipe, heated outer pipe, both pipes heated) are made of laminar flows for different inner‐to‐outer‐pipe diameter ratios di/do from 0.2 to 0.8. For each case, the thermal entrance length x/b at the modified Grashof numbers Gr*=102 to 5 × 105 is well correlated with Grashof number Gr* and annulus length to clearance ratio L/b. Local Nusselt numbers Nui and Nuo in the thermally fully developed region have certain constant values dependent on the diameter ratio di/do, regardless of Gr* and L/b. Average Nusselt numbers Nui and Nuo in the thermal entrance region are also independent of Gr* and L/b. © 2001 Scripta Technica, Heat Trans Asian Res, 30(8): 676–688, 2001