bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Twelve Tips for Teaching Speaking Up and Listening for Promoting Patient Care and Self-Advocacy
Authors: Best Jennifer , Ruedinger Emily , Marquardt Deborah , Menzel Barbara , Kim Sara
Published: January 2025

Background Patient safety and care quality are enhanced when healthcare professionals commit to expressing their concerns upon observing others’ mistakes, judgment lapses, or risky actions. Yet, available data show their speaking up behaviors may not be consistently practiced. Also less known is the most optimal approaches to teaching the important verbal and emotional skills for timely speaking up and respectful listening in interprofessional teams of healthcare professionals. Methods The authors developed a list of main tips for teaching speaking up and listening skills for promoting safety based on the following multiple sources of information: (a) literature reviews; (b) curriculum development in speaking up and listening; (c) delivery of training to a diverse group of interprofessional health professionals; and (d) participant evaluations of training effectiveness. Results We present twelve tips for teaching a holistic set of skills and mindsets encompassing both speaking up and listening, verbal strategies and emotional intelligence, and leaders’ and institutional commitment to promoting a psychologically safe clinical environment. Conclusions The twelve tips we outlined reflect a comprehensive approach to teaching skills in speaking up and listening within healthcare settings. By addressing the barriers to and facilitators of speaking up at the individual, team, and organizational levels, we recommend the practical strategies as important levers that promote healthcare professionals’ psychological safety and ultimately, a culture of safety in healthcare organizations.
Differences between SSRI and SNRI in depression treatment
Authors: Grego Mateusz , Grego Katarzyna , Stojak Łukasz , Popiela Dariusz , Urbańska Karina , Kwiatkowski Filip , Baczewski Mateusz , Czyż Witold
Published: January 2025

Introduction
Depressive disorders represent a significant health problem worldwide. With the development of pharmacotherapy, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) have become preferred therapeutic options. SSRIs are the most commonly used first-line medications, but there are controversies regarding their efficacy compared to SNRIs.
 
Aim of Study
The aim of this study is to analyze the differences between two groups of drugs – SSRIs and SNRIs – in the treatment of depression and to try to identify on this basis a group of drugs that should be used as first-line drugs in the treatment of depression.
 
Materials and Methods
This review was conducted by searching scientific publications on PubMed and Google Scholar. The analysis took into account a number of studies comparing individual drugs from both groups of drugs, and then concisely summarized their conclusions.
 
Conclusion
The review of the literature and clinical trial results shows that no single universal group of medications can be identified for depression therapy. The choice should be tailored individually to each patient, taking into account the symptoms of their illness and the side effects of previously used medications. At the same time, the review highlighted the need for further research into the types of treatment for depressive disorders.
Saberes e práticas da equipe de enfermagem sobre cuidados paliativos prestados à pessoa idosa
Authors: Lima Ana Luiza Almeida de , Silva Hanna Gadelha , Sousa Junior José Lima de , Aprígio Gabriel de Jesus , Alves Manuela Bastos , Silva Lúcia de Fátima da , Pessoa Vera Lúcia Mendes de Paula , Freitas Maria Célia de
Published: January 2025

Objetivo: avaliar os saberes e as práticas da equipe de enfermagem sobre cuidados paliativos prestados à pessoa idosa. Método: estudo qualitativo, fundamentado na Teoria do Final de Vida Pacífico, com 18 enfermeiros e 28 técnicos de enfermagem. A coleta de dados ocorreu por entrevistas semiestruturadas entre maio e junho de 2024, em um hospital público de Fortaleza, Ceará, Brasil, com análise de conteúdo temático-categorial. Resultados: a análise resultou em três categorias: 1) Ênfase no conforto e na dimensão física do cuidado; 2) Integração das dimensões emocional, espiritual e social; 3) Critérios de elegibilidade e cuidado ético. Considerações finais: os participantes compreendem os cuidados paliativos como uma abordagem integrada, que envolve aspectos físicos, emocionais, sociais e espirituais, com ênfase na comunicação eficaz e no respeito à autonomia. No entanto, essa compreensão está restrita à fase final da vida, resultando em práticas mais centradas nos aspectos técnicos do cuidado.
Two experiments from the perspective of the structural probability theory
Authors: Rocchi Paolo
Published: January 2025

Current literature presents about a dozen probability (P) interpretations: frequentist, Bayesian etc. Each one illustrates a partial aspect of indeterminism and turns out to be incompatible with the others on the logical plane. Basically, every model of P deals with a specific relation of P with the world and this fragmentary theorization inevitably has negative impact on quantum physics which is intrinsically indeterministic.
Popper believed that the base issues of quantum mechanics cannot be untangled unless the unified probability theory is set up. So, we have conducted an attempt to integrate all the probability models and used the theoretical results to interpret quantum duality, wave collapse and measurement.
The entire work, published in a recent book, exceeds the limits of this paper. Here we put forward a summary that concisely recalls the main definitions and five theorems out fifteen that have been proved. Finally, these theoretical tools will be used to discuss a thought experiment of Einstein and the Wheeler experiment.
This proposal has the following features: (1) It addresses classical and quantum issues using the same theorems; (2) It develops a quantum interpretation that agrees with intuition and refutes disputable and bizarre views.
Evaluation of Insulin and Sulfonylurea Types on Severe Hypoglycemia Event Among Ambulatory Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients. A Case-Control Hospital-Based Study in Bali
Authors: Ikawati Zullies , Adi Jaya Made Krisna , Rahmawati Fita , Yasin Nanang Munif
Published: January 2025

Background: The management of blood glucose levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) often involves the use of effective diabetes medications, such as insulin and sulfonylurea (SU). Despite the potential, these drugs can potentially lead to hypoglycemia during treatment. Objective: Therefore, this study aims to determine the types of insulin and sulfonylureas that commonly cause hypoglycemia. Methods: Using a case-control study design, hospitalized occurrences of hypoglycemia were assessed while considering factors that influenced its incidence through Odds Ratio (OR) calculations at a confidence interval (CI) level of 95%. Results: The results showed that hypoglycemia occurred more often in patients who used insulin, SU, or both compared to non-users (p<0.05). In addition, a risk of 4.5 (CI95%: 1.580-12.817) times higher was found in patients taking insulin and SU compared to others. Conclusion: Ambulatory T2DM patients who use insulin or SU as DM therapy must be given special attention. Education related to the risk of hypoglycemia, how to use medication, and first aid in emergency conditions must be provided by health workers to outpatients with DM.
Edge Detection and Contrast Enhancement in the Examination of Megaloblastic Anemia Cells in Medical Images with Comparative Analysis of Different Approaches
Authors: Babker Asaad , Abbas Anass , Shalabi Manar , Mohamedahmed Khalid Abdelsamea , Lyashenko Vyacheslav
Published: January 2025

Medical imaging and digital image analysis are essential tools in diagnosing and detecting various diseases. One key application is the examination of blood smears, where specific cell types, such as those indicative of megaloblastic anemia, can be identified. A critical component of this process involves analyzing and studying relevant images, as well as conducting experiments to evaluate the effectiveness of different methods and approaches in addressing this diagnostic challenge. As a result of the comparative analysis, it was found that the most effective method for the purpose of isolating the edge with megaloblastic anemia cells is the approach based on the wavelet ideology. This approach has the best indicators of assessing the quality of the resulting images in comparison with other edge detection methods. In some cases, the value of such indicators exceeds similar values for other methods by more than 2 times. In some cases, the indicators for images after contrasting are higher than without contrasting. This is also typical for other approaches to edge detection in images with megaloblastic anemia cells. First, this is typical for images with a uniform background and the absence of multiple peaks in the histogram of the input image brightness distribution. In general, the issue of contrasting the original image for subsequent processing in order to detect edge remains open. At the same time, this study provides an answer to the most effective method for edge detection for images with megaloblastic anemia cells, using the original images contrasting procedure.
The Potential Antifungal Activity of the Developed Palladium Nanoparticles
Authors: Bi Shagufta , Srivastava Rashi , Ahmad Tanzeel
Published: January 2025

This research outlines that the manufacture of palladium nanoparticles (PdNPs) as being straight forward, inexpensive, and environmentally friendly. Rosa damascena flower extract was successfully used in this investigation to reduce palladium nanoparticles (PdNPs). UV-VIS, FTIR, XRD, TEM, EDX, DLS, and SEM were used to the characterized of the biologically formed of PdNPs. Upon UV-visible irradiation of physico-chemically produced PdNPs, the SPR peak was measured at 360 nanometers. The TEM investigation indicated that the produced palladium nanoparticles had a spherical form and a diameter of around 50 nm. The biologically synthesized PdNPs demonstrated notable antimicrobial activity, including antifungal activity. PdNPs shows antifungal activity against some fungal species such as Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus and Candida albicans. Based on findings, zone of inhibition of fungal strains is less than from fungal strains with Fluconazole. Bio-inspired production of PdNPs allows for adaptability to fungus strains. This makes PdNPs more suitable for biomedical applications.
Impact of Different Diabetes Treatments on Lipid and Carbohydrate Metabolism
Authors: Qeska Laura Binxhija , Qeska Greta
Published: January 2025

This paper aims to investigate lipid and carbohydrate metabolism changes in diabetic individuals undergoing various therapies compared to clinically healthy individuals. Given that carbohydrate metabolism disorders often lead to lipid and lipoprotein metabolism disorders, the study measures biochemical parameters such as glucose, triglycerides, total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, and LDL-cholesterol to achieve its aim. 166 individuals between the ages of 30 and 49 participated in the study and were split into four groups: clinically healthy controls, diabetics receiving diet therapy, diabetics receiving oral antidiabetics, and diabetics receiving insulin. Following a 12- to 14-hour fast, blood samples were examined for glucose, triglycerides, total cholesterol, HDL, and LDL cholesterol. The study found significant differences in the concentrations of biochemical parameters between diabetic patients and healthy controls. Diabetic patients treated with insulin exhibited the highest levels of glucose, triglycerides, and total cholesterol, followed by those treated with diet, oral antidiabetics, and the control group. HDL and LDL cholesterol levels were lower in diabetics compared to controls, except for those treated with insulin, who had higher LDL cholesterol levels. In contrast to the 30-39 age group, the 40-49 age group showed the highest parameter values. The findings highlight that different diabetes treatments significantly impact lipid and carbohydrate metabolism, with insulin treatment showing the most pronounced effects. These results suggest the need for personalized treatment strategies to manage diabetes effectively, particularly in mitigating cardiovascular disease risks associated with lipid metabolism disturbances.
Evaluation of Gamma-Glutamine Transferase (γ-GT) as a Marker of Alcohol Abuse.
Authors: Magzoub Mohamed , Ali Elrayh , Elzubair Qubaa Ahmed , Yousif Israa , Gopinath Kiran , Zayyad Sofiyat , Hiremath Kshama K. , Elsadig Osman , Ismail Marwan
Published: January 2025

Introduction: Biological markers for alcohol consumption are used in clinical settings to detect and monitor alcohol consumption due to variability in verbal reporting. Alcohol consumption increases serum GGT, a widely used laboratory parameter, with gamma-glutamyl transferase sensitivity being higher than other commonly used markers, as it is known to induce a rise in serum GGT. Aim: This study aimed to investigate the role of gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) activity in heavy and moderate alcoholic male drinkers and controls, categorized by age group. Materials and methods: In this cross-sectional study, we analyzed GGT levels in 100 participants, divided into two groups based on alcohol consumption. The first group consumed alcohol for over five years in different amounts (heavy < 280-gram ethanol per week, moderate >280-gram ethanol per week), while the second group consisted of 50 healthy non-alcoholics as a control. Results: Subjects who consumed alcohol had blood GGT levels that were more than three times higher than those of non-drinking subjects (mean 78.06±11.01 U/L), demonstrating a substantial significance with p<0.001 and student t=4.761. the mean serum GGT levels in heavy drinkers was 125.89±109.96 U/L, higher than the mean of moderate drinkers (51.16±29.82) and abstainers (25.12±10.61 U/L), with a strong statistical significance at p<0.001 and F=27. 318. Conclusion: The serum GGT levels were significantly increased in subjects who had alcohol consumption to more than 3 folds when compared with non-alcoholic controls. Hence measurement of GGT in serum appears to be a sensitive index in the diagnosis of alcoholics.
Microbiological and Antimicrobial Resistance Pattern Among Pregnant Women in The Sultanate of Oman: Comparison Between Symptomatic and Asymptomatic Bacteriuria
Authors: Al Dhuhli Thikra Hilal Hamed , AL-Lamki Ruwaida Nasser Abdulla , Mabruk Mohamed
Published: January 2025

Bacteriuria is common in pregnancy and is associated with the risk of neonatal morbidity and mortality. In Oman, no studies have been done to determine the percentage of symptomatic and asymptomatic bacteriuria in pregnant Omani patients. This study investigated the prevalence and incidence of antibiotic resistance patterns of symptomatic and asymptomatic bacteriuria among pregnant Omani women. A total of 230 urine samples were collected from symptomatic and asymptomatic pregnant Omani female patients. Clinical patient information was gathered from the Hospital Information System (HIS). Bacterial pathogens were identified in the urine samples using microscopic examination, cultures, and serological techniques. Antibiotic sensitivity tests were performed on the isolated bacterial pathogensBacteriuria was found in 14 (6.08%) of the 230 urine samples. Among the 14 bacteriuria-positive samples, 6 were symptomatic (2.06%) and 8 were asymptomatic (3.47%). The most common bacteria were Escherichia coli (35.71%) and Streptococcus agalactiae (21.43%). Most of the clinical isolates were completely resistant to ampicillin. Asymptomatic bacteriuria was more common than symptomatic bacteriuria in the pregnant Omani population. The detection of antibiotic-resistant pathogenic bacteria, especially in asymptomatic pregnant Omani women, underscores the importance of implementing strict guidelines for the prevention of this public health issue. This includes advising and encouraging pregnant women to follow strict hygiene protocols to avoid Urinary tract infection (UTI) during pregnancy, as this type of infection may have adverse maternal and fetal outcomes.
PRODUÇÕES CINEMATOGRÁFICAS COMO RECURSO PARA A EDUCAÇÃO MÉDICA: aplicando e contextualizando conceitos em “A Garota Dinamarquesa"
Authors: Almeida Wellington Silveira de , Melo Jaqueline de Santana Vasques , Melo Isabela de Santana Vasques , Borges Pedro Ribeiro , Teixeira Bruna Marciano , Paulino Danilo Borges
Published: January 2025

INTRODUÇÃO: A formação médica de excelência, sob a ótica contemporânea das normativas e diretrizes curriculares do curso de graduação em Medicina, preconiza, além do conhecimento técnico, a promoção de um preparo mais geral, humanista e crítico com o desenvolvimento de habilidades e competências para atuar nos diferentes níveis de atenção à saúde. Nesse sentido, a utilização de metodologias ativas no processo formativo constitui prática pedagógica inovadora e muito pertinente, uma vez que torna o aluno protagonista do processo de aprendizagem, estimulando a iniciativa, a criatividade e a criticidade reflexiva. OBJETIVO: O presente relato tem como objetivo compartilhar uma experiência exitosa do uso de uma produção cinematográfica como recurso para a educação médica na discussão e compreensão dos conceitos de “saúde” e de “doença”. MÉTODOS: Trata-se de um relato de experiência realizado por meio de análise crítico-reflexiva da obra cinematográfica “A Garota Dinamarquesa” desenvolvida a partir da implementação das metodologias e das experiências oportunizadas pela atividade desenvolvida em componente curricular de uma Universidade do Triângulo Mineiro. RESULTADOS: Foram explanadas vivências e reflexões obtidas através da atividade, por meio da aprendizagem ativa e do debate entre pares. CONCLUSÕES: Destaca-se o potencial pedagógico e formativo do filme ao promover uma reflexão muito relevante sobre as demandas sociais de adequação de gênero ao sexo biológico promovidas pela área da saúde, fomentando o debate de pautas essenciais na luta pela autonomia, pelo reconhecimento dos direitos civis e pelo acesso a um cuidado em saúde humanizado e digno por parte de indivíduos transgêneros e transexuais.
VIVÊNCIAS DE PRECEPTORES DA ATENÇÃO PRIMÁRIA ACERCA DA PRÁTICA DA EDUCAÇÃO POPULAR EM SAÚDE
Authors: Silva Alaíde , Lorena Suélem
Published: January 2025

INTRODUÇÃO: A Educação Popular em Saúde (EPS) constitui uma prática voltada para criação de espaços de compartilhamento de conhecimentos e experiências entre profissionais e usuários, privilegiando as relações horizontais. OBJETIVO: analisar as vivências de profissionais preceptores atuantes na Atenção Básica sobre a prática de EPS. METODOLOGIA: Trata-se de um estudo exploratório, com caráter transversal e natureza qualitativa, desenvolvido com 15 profissionais de diversas áreas, que atuam em uma cidade do interior de PE. A pesquisa foi aprovada pelo CEP sob parecer de número 5.820.014 e foram utilizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas, analisadas através da Análise de Conteúdo de Bardin. RESULTADOS: Estabeleceram-se três categorias: (1) Conceituando Educação Popular em Saúde; (2) Vivências de Educação Popular em Saúde e (3) Potencialidades e fragilidades para o desenvolvimento das ações. Os participantes referiram que a prática de EPS se revela como uma ferramenta significativa para a promoção e proteção da saúde, através do compartilhamento de conhecimentos entre profissionais e a comunidade, fortalecendo vínculos e possibilitando a oferta de um cuidado integral e resolutivo. Apesar dos benefícios, algumas dificuldades são encontradas na implementação dessa prática, como a ausência de interesse da comunidade, a falta de infraestrutura adequada e de apoio da Secretaria Municipal de Saúde. CONCLUSÕES: Os resultados dessa pesquisa permitiram uma compreensão mais aprofundada das práticas de EPS realizadas pelos participantes, além disso, forneceu informações que podem ser utilizadas para elaboração de materiais destinados a auxiliar os preceptores no planejamento e execução de ações embasadas na EPS.
ELEMENTOS DO PLANEJAMENTO DOCENTE E A ANÁLISE DA INCLUSÃO DA METODOLOGIA ATIVA
Authors: Souza Gleriano Josué , Alves do Prado Larissa , Pereira Terças-Trettel Ana Claudia , Ferreira do Nascimento Vagner , Krein Carlise , Aparecida da Silva Fabiana , Dias Pedreschi Chaves Lucieli
Published: January 2025

Introdução: No processo pedagógico, o planejamento é fundamental para definir objetivos e selecionar atividades que promovam a construção do conhecimento, especialmente em um contexto contemporâneo que valoriza abordagens construtivistas, visando uma formação crítica, reflexiva e autônoma. Objetivo: Analisar as escolhas do planejamento docente e a inclusão e implementação de metodologias ativas, visando a compreensão de fatores que influenciam essas escolhas no processo de ensino-aprendizagem. Materiais e Métodos: Estudo de método misto sequencial em um curso de enfermagem de uma universidade pública do estado de Mato Grosso, realizado em duas fases. A primeira fase consistiu na análise quantitativa dos planos de ensino referentes ao período de 2018 a 2022, utilizando análise descritiva. A segunda fase envolveu entrevistas com informantes-chave, cujas respostas foram submetidas a análise temática. Resultados: foram analisados 325 planos de ensino, dos quais 113 mencionaram metodologias ativas. Destaca-se maior frequência na escolha do verbo entender. As estratégias de ensino mais mencionadas foram dramatizações/teatro e debates, enquanto nas entrevistas o Problem-Based Learning, Team Based Learning e Flipped classroom. Quanto à avaliação, predominaram os formatos formativo e somativo. A escolha da metodologia parece estar alinhada à proposta de autonomia do estudante, porém, a principal dificuldade relatada está relacionada à aceitação dos alunos e à realização de atividades em grupo. Conclusões: Baixa menção das metodologias ativas, além da falta de clareza quanto ao alinhamento dos objetivos com as estratégias de ensino e a interface da avaliação. Esses resultados sugerem a necessidade de uma reflexão mais aprofundada sobre as práticas pedagógicas adotadas.
ESTRATÉGIAS DE ENSINO-APRENDIZAGEM EM SAÚDE COLETIVA NOS CURSOS DE GRADUAÇÃO EM ENFERMAGEM, MEDICINA E ODONTOLOGIA NO BRASIL: revisão de mapeamento
Authors: Jameson Moreira Belém  , Maria Rocineide Ferreira da Silva
Published: January 2025

Introdução: O ensino de saúde coletiva encontra-se previsto nos projetos político pedagógicos dos cursos de enfermagem, medicina, odontologia. A utilização e diversificação de estratégias de ensino-aprendizagem contribuem para o desenvolvimento de competências nesta área. Objetivo: mapear e descrever as estratégias de ensino-aprendizagem de disciplinas da saúde coletiva nos cursos de graduação em Enfermagem, Medicina e Odontologia no Brasil. Métodos: Revisão de mapeamento realizada em nove fontes de dados (MEDLINE, LILACS, BDENF, CINAHL, SciELO, WoS, Scopus, BBO e IBECS) em fevereiro de 2024, utilizando-se a estratégia Tema, Qualificador e Objeto e associações entre 18 descritores de assunto/palavras-chaves. Após processo de triagem, leitura na íntegra e análise dos critérios, 31 artigos compuseram amostra. Resultados: Identificou-se estratégias, atividades e técnicas de ensino-aprendizagem dialógicas, baseadas na construção, elaboração, e utilização de instrumentos, produtos e materiais, imersão, vivências, experiências em cenários reais/práticos, aulas, exposições, apresentações, casos e situações-problema, pesquisas, projetos ou programas, visitas, textuais, documentais e de síntese, simulação, audiovisuais, lúdicas, gamificação, virtuais e digitais e outras. Conclusões: as estratégias identificadas apresentam potencial de inovação do processo de ensino-aprendizagem em saúde coletiva nos cursos de enfermagem, medicina e odontologia no Brasil, a partir de metodologias e perspectivas orientadoras diversificadas.
DNA barcoding of medaka fish Oryzias marmoratus in Lake Towuti, South Sulawesi, Indonesia
Authors: NUR REZKI ASYA , PARENRENGI ANDI , ARISURYANTI TUTY , WIDYASTUTI HELMY , ANDRIANI IRMA
Published: January 2025

Abstract. Nur RA, Parenrengi A, Arisuryanti T, Widyastuti H, Andriani I. 2024. DNA barcoding of medaka fish Oryzias marmoratus in Lake Towuti, South Sulawesi, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 25: 3645-3652. Oryzias marmoratus (Aurich, 1935), an endemic species of Lake Towuti, the second-largest lake in Indonesia, is facing a critical situation. Its population in nature is near threatened, as per the IUCN, necessitating immediate molecular studies such as DNA barcoding techniques. These studies are crucial to prevent a decline in the population of O. marmoratus. DNA barcoding is not just a tool for identification, monitoring, and protection but a call for genetic conservation. Therefore, the research was intended to identify the genetic variation of medaka fish. O. marmoratus was collected in Lake Towuti, and for DNA barcoding using primers, the cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) gene. Medaka fish samples (n=8) were collected from fishermen. DNA was extracted, and nucleotides were sequenced using sequencing provider 1st Base. The sequences of DNA were analyzed using Bioedit, BLAST-N, Mega11, DnaSP, and Network programs to obtain a consensus sequence, haplotype diversity, nucleotide diversity, genetic distance, phylogenetic, and haplotype network. The result showed that in the BLAST-N analysis, eight samples were closely related to O. marmoratus (LC154797.1) (AP005981.1) (94,42-99,84% in similarity). Genetic variation indicated a high value with a detailed 0.983 haplotype diversity, 0.026 a low nucleotide diversity, and six haplotypes; genetic distance with an average of 0.025 and 0.079. Phylogenetic analysis established five clades. Information on intraspecies genetic variation of O. marmoratus in terms of genetics, especially in Lake Towuti, is needed for genetic conservation and as an animal model of biology and molecular studies.
Analysis of environmental parameters supporting the abundance of Acanthaster planci in the Wakatobi and Sombori Marine Protected Areas, Sulawesi, Indonesia
Authors: JANSIT AFIFAH F. , ZAMANI NEVIATY PUTRI , SUBHAN BEGINER , RACHMAWATI RITA , LALANG LALANG
Published: January 2025

Abstract. Jansit AF, Zamani NP, Subhan B, Rachmawati R, Lalang. 2024. Analysis of environmental parameters supporting the abundance of Acanthaster planci in the Wakatobi and Sombori Marine Protected Areas, Sulawesi, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 25: 3672-3682. Wakatobi Islands and Sombori Islands offshore Sulawesi, Indonesia are two marine conservation areas where Acanthaster planci (Linnaeus, 1758) is reported. The study was conducted to determine what parameters support the life of A. planci, including the composition of coral cover and abundance of reef fish, especially the predatory coral fish of A. planci. The relationship between environmental parameters, coral cover conditions, reef fish abundance, and A. planci abundance was analyzed using multivariate analysis, namely Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Sampling was conducted using a purposive sampling method based on information on the presence of A. planci obtained from local community reports and monitoring reports from related agencies, which was designed to be comprehensive. The determination of observation locations was also based on differences in environmental characteristics, such as nutrient inputs from community settlements. The results showed that A. planci was only found in the Sombori Islands as many as 36-117 individuals. The high number in the Sombori Islands was followed by a low cover of live hard corals, a lower abundance of reef fish compared to the observation station in the Wakatobi Islands, and higher pH, salinity, nitrate, and temperature parameters compared to the observation station in the Wakatobi Islands. The high number of A. planci individuals was followed by a high percentage of coral break cover and high rock. Coral fractures and nitrate can help increase the likelihood of successful recruitment of A. planci larvae, thereby supporting the abundance of A. planci in the Sombori Islands.
Species composition and size distribution of fishes in mangrove ecosystems in Kendari and Staring Bays, Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia
Authors: FEKRI LATIFA , ANALUDDIN KANGKUSO , YUSNAINI YUSNAINI , ADIMU HASAN ELDIN , CHADIJAH ANDI
Published: January 2025

Abstract. Fekri L, Analuddin K, Yusnaini, Adimu HE, Chadijah A. 2024. Species composition and size distribution of fishes in mangrove ecosystems in Kendari and Staring Bays, Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 25: 3683-3692. Mangrove ecosystem plays very important role in supporting marine organisms including fishes, shells, etc. This study aimed to determine the species composition and size distribution of fishes living around the mangrove ecosystems in Kendari and Staring Bays, Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia. Fish samplings were conducted using 6 gill nets fishing gear with mesh sizes of 1, 1.5 and 2 inches. Mangrove species composition was sampled using circular plots with diameter of 14 m. The fish conservation status and abundance were determined, while size distribution was analyzed in terms of frequency distribution of body weight, and correlation of body weight and body length. A total of 33 fish species were recorded across the two sampling sites with 30 species were found in Kendari Bay and 19 species were found in Staring Bay. The fish species are mostly classified as least concern based on the IUCN Red List. We found that species richness, presence and abundance of fishes varied according to the moon lightness periods during the fish catchments. The highest species richness was found in the dark moon both in Kendari and Staring Bays, while the lower fish richness was found in the transition from the dark to the full moon in Kendari Bay and the transition from the full moon to the dark moon in Staring Bay. Five fish species associated with mangroves of Kendari and Staring Bays were found more abundant and showed different size distribution pattern, i.e., normal shape of size distribution for Zenarchopterus dispar (Valenciennes, 1847), Ambassis dussumieri Cuvier, 1828 and Upeneus moluccensis Bleeker, 1855, while Mugil cephalus Linnaeus, 1758 and Acentrogobius viridipunctatus Valenciennes, 1837 showed L-shaped size distribution. These five dominant fishes showed well allometric relationships of body length and weight. Our findings suggested that mangrove ecosystems in Kendari and Staring Bays play an important role in maintaining fish diversity.
Polarization-based selective photoionization of 67Zn in a weak external magnetic field
Authors: Waso Frederick J. , Steenkamp Christine M.
Published: January 2025

Isotope selective photoionization of  67Zn is demonstrated with broadband
excitation light (∼3.4GHz), temporally separated laser pulses
in the presence of a weak external magnetic field. Starting with
natural zinc metal (∼4% 67Zn), the ion sample was enriched to ∼90% 67Zn. Efficient suppression of the
ionization of the even-mass isotopes was achieved by intermediate
state alignment in the excitation scheme 4s21S0→4s4p3P1→4s4d3D1, followed by nonresonant
photoionization. The first excitation pulse was linearly polarized
parallel to the transverse component of the external magnetic field
and the linear polarization of the second excitation pulse was rotated
to compensate for Larmor precession of the quantization axis during
the temporal delay between the two excitations. This is the first
systematic study, in the context of resonance ionization,
investigating the independent and continuous rotation of the
polarizations of the excitation pulses and demonstrating efficient
compensation for the presence of an external magnetic field that has
an arbitrary direction. Experimental results are supported by a vector
model combined with rate equations.
Optimization, analysis, and thermal performance enhancement of the cooling flow channel for a condenser mirror
Authors: Li Jiaming , Wang Ha , Wang He , Zhang Kai , Yao Yuan , Zhang Yutian , Hao Songtao , Xie Xiaolin , Qu Hemeng , Zhang Jizhen
Published: January 2025

Condenser mirrors with the ellipsoidal surface type are widely used in laser illuminating systems. Nonetheless, thermal absorption in optical components is unavoidable because of high-energy lasers, leading to a decline in surface shape accuracy. In extreme instances, this can shorten the operational longevity or impair the system’s focusing capabilities. Currently, water cooling is a major technical approach for controlling the thermal deformation of condenser mirrors. This paper proposes an efficient cooling flow channel based on topology optimization methods for high-gradient ellipsoidal optical mirrors. Firstly, topology optimization of the cooling flow channel was performed with the objective function of minimizing average temperature and entransy dissipation. Next, the influence of different design parameters on the optimization results was investigated, and the optimal topological structure was obtained. Then, a thermal–fluid–solid coupled simulation was carried out for a three-dimensional model of the water-cooled condenser mirror to verify the topology optimization design. The results show that when the inlet flow rate is 2.82×10−4m3/s, the surface shape accuracy of the water-cooled condenser mirror (RMS 213.79 nm) equipped with the topology optimization cooling flow channel is reduced by 22.96% compared to that of the water-cooled condenser mirror (RMS 277.66 nm) with the traditional spiral cooling flow channel. Finally, the manufacturability of the optimized model was verified by selective laser melting technology and x-ray detection.
Nonlinear real-time correction in homodyne interferometers by multi-area spatial sampling and dimensionality-reduced ellipse fitting
Authors: Yang Yaao , Lin Zichao , Deng Xiao , Zhang Wentao , Jiang Qubo , Du Hao , Zhao Zhengyi , Xue Dongbai , Li Tongbao , Cheng Xinbin
Published: January 2025

Homodyne interferometers are susceptible to signal instability, including the amplitude, relative phase, and DC bias of interference signals, which lead to dynamic nonlinear errors that require real-time correction to ensure full-range displacement measurement accuracy. To address these issues, this paper proposes a real-time, non-iterative FPGA-based nonlinear correction method, designed to balance accuracy and computational efficiency. The method employs peak detection to simplify the elliptical fitting matrix and utilizes feature-based segmented sampling to perform reduced-order correction. Experimental results show that when elliptical signals are unstable, this method reduces residual error from 1.14 nm to 0.12 nm, effectively compensating for nonlinear errors. In a 25 µm displacement test, this method maintains nonlinear error deviation within the sub-nanometer range compared to traditional correction methods, while reducing the computational load by two orders of magnitude, achieving a balance between correction accuracy and efficiency.
Photonic jet generated by a silicon nitride spherical particle with shaped beam illumination
Authors: Liu Anran , Han Lu
Published: January 2025

Photonic jets (PJs) are
generated by the interaction between beams and dielectric particles,
resulting in narrow, high-intensity beams produced behind the medium.
Silicon nitride exhibits excellent optical properties; we aim to
explore the potential of silicon nitride in PJ applications. In this
paper, the beam is expanded by spherical vector wave functions with
the framework of the generalized Lorenz–Mie theory (GLMT). Numerical
simulations are performed to investigate the PJs generated by silicon
nitride spherical particles illuminated by the plane wave, Gaussian
beam, and zero-order Bessel beam under water; the effects of various
parameters on the characteristics of PJs are further examined.
Optical-access networks for smart sustainable cities: from network architecture to fiber deployment
Authors: Adib Md Mosaddek Hossain , Matalla Patrick , Füllner Christoph , Li Shi , Giacoumidis Elias , Raack Christian , Menne Ulrich , Straub Michael , Saier Tarek , Schweikert Christoph , Orf Stefan , Gontscharow Martin , Käfer Tobias , Färber Michael , Richter André , Bonk René , Randel Sebastian
Published: January 2025

With the steadily progressing digitization of our society and the migration into urban areas, digitized and highly connected smart cities have attracted much attention from the research community due to their impact on everyday life, potential for new innovations, and ability to reduce carbon footprints. The versatile applications, which are intended to improve life in cities in various aspects, have one thing in common—they rely on widespread, reliable, and high-performing communication networks. Therefore, optical-access networks will be a crucial part of the smart cities’ network infrastructure as they provide cost-effective and high-speed connectivity to antenna sites, residents, enterprises, businesses, and regional data centers in a point-to-multipoint topology. In this article, we address the overall impact of this urban transformation on such networks. We outline our vision of the future smart sustainable city, which will leverage advanced optical-access networks. Subsequently, the physical layer design of optical-access networks is analyzed in the context of point-to-multipoint network topology. This includes a 100-Gbit/s intensity-modulation and direct-detection passive optical network (PON) and a 200-Gbit/s coherent PON utilizing eight-digital subcarrier-based time- and wavelength-division multiplexing and coherent detection. We discuss artificial intelligence-based network monitoring and resource allocation. Next, we provide a techno-economical study for sustainable fiber deployment strategies. Finally, we report the results of a network demonstration for the remote assistance of a connected autonomous vehicle.
Slotted gap-surface plasmon resonator as an efficient platform for sensing
Authors: Gabrielyan Roza , Arabajyan Gurgen , Yezekyan Torgom , Parsamyan Henrik
Published: January 2025

Film-coupled plasmonic resonators offer efficient platforms for light enhancement due to the excitation of gap surface plasmons (GSPs) at metal-insulator-metal interfaces, where electromagnetic energy is stored within the spacer. In applications like biosensing and spontaneous emission control, spatial overlap between the target molecule and plasmonic hotspots is essential. Here, we propose utilizing the controllable, efficient light enhancement capabilities of a specifically designed GSP disk resonator for biosensing and spontaneous emission enhancement. To create an external plasmonic hotspot and make the strong field stored in the spacer accessible to nearby molecules, we introduce a nanoslot in the top metallic disk with its long axis oriented perpendicular to the incident field polarization. This orientation ensures significant electric field enhancement due to boundary conditions, while the resonant modes of the GSP and nanoslot are further tailored to optimize the field distribution. Finite element method-based simulations reveal the simultaneous excitation of electric-dipole modes due to the nanoslot alongside GSP modes, resulting in a more than two-order magnitude increase in total electromagnetic energy. Additionally, varying the slot length allows precise control over resonances, revealing different modes of the system. The external hotspot in the nanoslot ensures direct interaction with nearby molecules, enhancing the radiative decay rate by nearly three orders of magnitude. The suggested configuration of a plasmonic disk combined with a rectangular nanoslot extends the degree of freedom for designing external electromagnetic hot spots.
Experimental demonstration of polarization-based decoy-state BB84 quantum key distribution utilizing a single laser and a single detector
Authors: Castillo Alfonso Tello , Simmons Cameron , Donaldson Ross
Published: January 2025

As quantum key distribution progresses into commercial products and services, there is growing interest in technological solutions that improve performance and/or reduce costs. We present an experimental demonstration of the polarization-based three-level decoy-state BB84 quantum key distribution (QKD) protocol, at a clock frequency of 50 MHz, that relies on fewer resources at the receiver and increases robustness to side-channel attacks for both the transmitter and receiver. A single-laser source and cascade of electro-optic modulators provide the four polarization states, while a photonic recombiner with time-multiplexed inputs enables detection with a single detector.
Ultrafast soliton dynamics from an all-fiber self-starting thulium-doped Mamyshev oscillator
Authors: Shi Zhifeng , Sun Shijie , Wang Qingbo , Liu Yan-ge , Wang Zhi , Wang Pan
Published: January 2025

The generation of high-performance pulses in the 2 μm wavelength range has been widely considered. A Mamyshev oscillator featuring cascaded spectral broadening and offset spectral filtering is an excellent platform for generating high-energy femtosecond pulses. In order to make up for the shortcomings of complex structure and unsuitability for practical use, in this Letter, we present an experimental investigation of an all-fiber thulium-doped Mamyshev oscillator that enables self-starting operation and generates high-performance pulses. The oscillator emits pulses with energy of up to 7.5 nJ, which can be compressed to 350 fs. Furthermore, we investigate the nonlinear dynamics of the multi-pulse state, such as soliton molecules and high-order harmonic mode-locking. The oscillator generates 130th order harmonic mode-locking that corresponds to the repetition rate of 588 MHz, and the signal-to-noise ratio exceeds 60 dB.
Self-injection-locked near-visible laser at 781 nm by frequency-doubling in a quasi-singly resonant high-Q micro-cavity
Authors: Zhang Jiale , Liang Wei
Published: January 2025

Based on a quasi-singly resonant plane-concave Fabry–Perot (FP) micro-cavity with a high Q-factor of 9.1 M and a volume of <0.12 mL, we have demonstrated self-injection-locked (SIL) second-harmonic generation (SHG) at near-visible frequencies. With an incident SIL pump power of 80 mW at 1561.8 nm, the maximum output SHG power at 780.9 nm reached 16.9 mW, achieving a high conversion efficiency of 21.1%. The intrinsic linewidth of the SIL pump laser was reduced from 1.1 MHz to about 130 Hz, and the corresponding linewidth of the SIL-SHG light was about 520 Hz as expected. Most importantly, high SHG efficiency was observed at any pump frequency of the corresponding FP resonant modes. Compared to the recently reported results of SIL-SHG using microring cavities, our SIL-SHG design with a quasi-singly resonant FP cavity offers higher conversion efficiency and output SIL-SHG power, along with a potential of continuous tunability of the SHG frequency. Thanks to its significantly larger mode-field volume, it can handle higher input power without incurring unwanted nonlinear effects.
Broadband reflective terahertz metalens employing Bessel beams for enhanced efficiency and depth of focus
Authors: Raza Mohsin , Li Xiaoman , Mao Chenlu , Liu Fenghua , Wu Weiping
Published: January 2025

This paper presents a reflective terahertz (THz) Bessel metalens with broadband operation in the frequency range of 0.80–1 THz. The design employs a near-wavelength, polarization-insensitive resonator to achieve a wideband response. Optimized at 0.89 THz, the metalens integrates a hyperbolic phase configuration combined with a conical phase profile. By varying the cone angle, the metalens attains a focusing efficiency of up to 76% and an extended depth of focus of 21.7λ. Simulations demonstrate superior performance compared to conventional focusing metalenses. This design shows significant potential for applications in terahertz imaging, communications, and sensing technologies.
One millijoule mid-IR nanosecond pulses at ∼2.78 µm in a robust single transverse mode from a coiled 46 µm core low-NA Er:ZBLAN fiber amplifier
Authors: Bai Yu , Zhou Bohan , Du Weizhi , Cui Yifan , Galvanauskas Almantas
Published: January 2025

We demonstrate high-energy nanosecond pulse amplification at ∼2.78 µm in a robust single transverse mode from a coiled large core low-numerical aperture (NA) Er:ZBLAN fiber amplifier. The highest energy achieved is 1.01 mJ from a 46 µm core Er:ZBLAN fiber, seeded with a preamplifier in a single-mode fiber 30 ns long pulses from a ring-cavity Q-switched Er:ZBLAN fiber laser. Near-diffraction-limited beams with M2 = 1.09 were obtained using coiling-induced high-order mode filtering in a custom-fabricated 46 µm diameter and ∼0.064 NA core fiber. This constitutes, to the best of our knowledge, the highest-energy nanosecond duration pulses in a single transverse mode from an Er:ZBLAN fiber laser system to date.
Observation of the collision and oscillation dynamics of dissipative dual-color solitons
Authors: Li Zhezhe , He Jiangyong , Wang Qiongqianhui , Li Jin , Wang Shihai , Ning Yu , Xiao Mingtong , Shen Lingyu , Wang Pan , Liu Yange , Wang Zhi
Published: January 2025

Due to their potential as excellent dual-comb light sources, the dynamics of dual-color solitons within a single cavity have garnered widespread attention. In this work, we constructed a single-cavity ytterbium-doped passively mode-locked fiber laser (MLFL). By utilizing the birefringent filtering effect, dual-color solitons were successfully generated, and both collision and oscillatory dynamics of the dual-color solitons were observed. Using time-stretched dispersive Fourier transform (DFT), we revealed the details of these two distinct dynamical behaviors. We verified through numerical simulations that by adjusting the modulation depth and bandwidth of the filtering effect, it is possible to switch between the two distinct soliton dynamics behaviors. We believe that our research will contribute to the development of single-cavity dual-comb light sources and the exploration of nonlinear dynamics.
Observing high dependence of red luminescence on localized symmetry in Mn4 + activated inverse spinel phosphors: publisher’s note
Authors: Li Chenyang , Zhou Yimin , Tang Fei
Published: January 2025

This publisher’s note contains a correction to Opt. Lett. 49, 6928 (2024)10.1364/OL.544994.
Theoretical analysis of free space propagation characteristics of a circular optical mode emitted by a square dielectric waveguide
Authors: Sun Haiyin
Published: January 2025

The free space propagation characteristics of a circular optical mode emitted by a square shape cross section dielectric waveguide is theoretically analyzed. Accurate numerical solutions are obtained and compared with Gaussian beams.