bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
LA GENÈSE DE L’HORREUR. REPRÉSENTATION DE L’ACTE TERRORISTE ET TRAVAIL DE MÉMOIRE DANS LA LITTÉRATURE MAROCAINE D’EXPRESSION FRANÇAISE /
THE GENESIS OF HORROR: REPRESENTATION OF THE TERRORIST ACT AND MEMORY WORK IN MOROCCAN LITERATURE OF FRENCH EXPRESSION
Authors: El Kadim Abdeljalil
Published: September 2019

In the aftermath of the May 2003 attacks, Moroccans were paralyzed by the magnitude of the event. Political scientists, sociologists, journalists took turns on television sets to try to comprehend the incomprehensible, to label the unspeakable. The trauma was such that society took refuge in denial, arguing the age-old tolerance of Moroccans
and their legendary pacifism. Years later, young novelists seize the event; put it in fiction, initiating a work of memory likely to reconcile the community with its painful past. In order to get out of denial, suggest these novelists, one must have the courage to face reality in the front. The terrorist is here. Instead of pretending to ignore him, it would be more judicious, to approach him, to give him the floor, to access the intimacy of his conscience. Hence, amazingly we will discover the limits of our ability to interpret. In the terrorist act, there is nothing to understand. Above all, we must not go back to the usual thought patterns and easy causalities conveyed by the media. This crisis of meaning is expressed aesthetically by challenging the reading grids of the realistic novel. We must not believe that the genesis of horror can be explained by a kind of social determinism. Certainly, information about real allow us to understand, in part, the fact of acting out, of falling into barbarism. But, let's recognize that our understanding emains incomplete. The deep motivations of the terrorist will always escape us. Shifted in his habits, the reader is invited to approach the problem differently and manages to grasp the real dangers of the situation. Basically, the economic and social crisis of Moroccan society is only the tip of the iceberg. Above all, our society suffers from a
crisis of the imagination since young people from outlying districts are deprived of the possibility of building their relationship with the world other than through mechanical tasks, which are often degrading. Fragilized by the symbolic misery, they become easy victims of jihadist rhetoric. Other facets of the terrorist emerge then and with them
narrative possibilities never updated, including that of a love story endearing in its depth and simplicity. Morality: the story of terrorism could have been different if we had known how to negotiate the education of the imagination of a lost youth; this education is also inexpensive if we know how to go about it. In short, for Moroccan novelists, this
reinvigoration of the meaning to which the reader is cornered is the, sine qua non, of any salutary memory work.
THE CONVERGENCE OF POETRY AND JAPANESE AVANT-GARDE CINEMA
Authors: S. Grubačić Marko
Published: September 2019

Since poetry held a central position in the cultural life of the Japanese nation since the earliest times, the elements of poetic expression naturally grew into the spiritual space of the early Japanese films. This contribution seeks to analyse the insufficiently examined
phenomenon of convergence of avant-garde poetry and "unconventional" or experimental cinema in the post-war period. Owing to, inter alia, the interdisciplinary work of the Experimental Workshop, an artistic collective inspired by European culture - active during the fifties of the past century - the poetic impulse continued to permeate the artistic climate in the next decade. Although the cinematic language of the next generation of artists owes more to the influence of American cultural models, the intertextual experiments by such avant-garde luminaries as the poet Terayama Shūji successfully transcended the limitations of particular artistic disciplines, creating an authentic expression on the intersection of literature, theater and film.
Supplementary pension schemes: needs, possibilities and problems with evaluation from the perspective of an individual saver
Authors: Rutecka-Góra Joanna
Published: September 2019

The purpose of this article is to identify the scope of information (both qualitative and
quantitative) relating to pension products, necessary to evaluate their operation by
individual saver and subsequently to compare this scope with the information provided
to customers by financial institutions. The research relies on an analysis of available
literature, documents and reports of pension institutions as well as the legal acts which
govern the pension scheme and the financial market. The analysis of the situation in
Poland led to the identification, in the final part of the report, of possible future changes
in the information policies and of restraints, which follow from the nature of the products
offered and the level of complexity of the supplementary schemes.
Quality of life and public space in the processes
of urban renewal—selected concepts and debate topics
Authors: Anioł Włodzimierz
Published: September 2019

The aim of the article is to show the relationship between the aspirations to improve the
quality of life and improve social relations and the undertakings serving the renovation
of urban spaces. In the first part of the text—after formulating more general remarks
about the social significance of space—a few of the concepts of town modernization
implemented in the modern history of the developed world (Cerdá, Haussmann, Le
Corbusier) are presented, while pointing out their most often ambivalent social results.
Attention to the latter has been paid by, among others, critics of modernism and supporters
of alternative visions (Jacobs, representatives of the new urbanism, advocates of the ideas
of a socially cohesive or fair-shared city, etc.). As the national empirical illustration, the
author then characterizes the case of urban and social changes taking place in the last two
decades in the Powiśle district of Warsaw. Their effect, regardless of the general benefits
of modernization and the desired and long-awaited approximation of the capital to the
river, are also controversial, often critically evaluated gentrification processes.
Toward postmodern social work
Authors: Niesporek Andrzej
Published: September 2019

This scientific article is based on the analysis of socio-economic conditions of the formation
of social work as a constituent element of modernity and its hidden controlling functions.
Publication shows social work changes in the epoch of disorganized capitalism, and raises
a question of the future of social work and its relations with postmodernity.
The shape of the pension scheme in Poland
in the light of the conventional multi-pillar typologies
Authors: Jedynak Tomasz
Published: September 2019

In recent years, a number of modifications that have a significant impact on the shape
of the pension system in Poland are introduced and discussed (e.g. OFE [Open Pension
Funds] reform, implementation of the PPK [Employee Capital Plans], introduction of
civil pensions, etc.). The result of these changes is that the traditional, three-pillar way
of presenting the shape of this system does not reflect its essence any more. On the basis
of the typologies of multi-pillar pension systems proposed in the literature, the study
propose a new concept for presenting the shape of the general pension system in Poland.
It consists of four levels of pension security, distinguished by the criterion of the initiating
subject. These levels together form the base and the supplementary part of the pension
system.
Prospects for implementation of social impact bonds
in Poland — an example of an intervention on the labour market
Authors: Necel Ryszard , Wiśniewski Marcin
Published: September 2019

The aim of this article is to describe social impact bonds as an innovative instrument
for financing social services. The first part presents the nature of this solution in its
economic, institutional and legal aspects. Then we analyse the chances of social impact
bond development taking into account the labour market and the financial market. In
the next part, the authors present a proposal to use the model of social impact bonds in
employment support services. The summary is a critical analysis of the model, presenting
its weaknesses and relevant remedial strategies.
Social determinants of the shadow economy
in the small and micro-sized enterprise sector
from the local perspective.
Conclusions of empirical research
Authors: Bednarski Marek
Published: September 2019

This paper presents economic and sociological determinants of the shadow economy
in the small and micro-sized enterprise sector in Poland, based on empirical research.
Special attention is paid to social embeddedness of this phenomenon. It is indicated that
the shadow economy generates specific social problems, whole also solving some of them.
The article concludes with some socio-economics policy suggestions.
PANDANGAN POSITIF MATEMATIKA TERHADAP INTERNALISASI NILAI “PERFORMANCE CHARACTER” DALAM PEMBELAJARAN MATEMATIKA SEKOLAH DASAR
Authors: Husen Sabaruddin Dahlan , . Rosnidar
Published: September 2019

This article has a purpose to discuss about character building for students in elementary level by developing positive attitude and positive opinion towards mathematics. Indonesian government today continuously has tried to improve the quality of education by revising curriculum to all levels of education starting from elementary school to senior high school. The new implemented curriculum focus on the implementation of character which is integrated with all school subjects including mathematics. Character building at elementary level becomes main concern by all people because the main focus at elementary level is more on building good attitude rather than on knowledge and skill. This paper describes about on how to develop performance character and mathematics positively which includes confidence, positive view towards mathematics, improve students’ patience, improve student’s competence, praise for the student’s effort, develop student’s cleverness and gives motivation. By developing performance character and mathematics positivity could create an effective mathematics class, improve student’s behavior, avoid student’s constrain in learning mathematics and enhance student’s interest in learning mathematics.
Enhancement of Educational Internet Use Self-Efficacy Perceptions of Coaching and Recreation Students
Authors: TOPAL Murat
Published: September 2019

Study aimed to investigate the
efficiency of the education program that aimed to improve the educational
internet use self-efficacy perceptions of coaching and recreation students who
were attending formation education at Sakarya University, Faculty of Education.
Therefore, a training program designed to develop educational internet use
self-efficacy perceptions of students was developed and applied. The study was
carried out with 33 students and a total of six weeks of education was given as
part of the curriculum prepared for the students. The significant difference
between the pre-test and post-test scores of the students was examined by t
test, and the effect size was calculated. According to the findings, there was
a significant difference between the educational internet use self-efficacy
perceptions of the students between the pre-test and post-test scores in favor
of post-test scores. In addition, the opinions of the prospective teachers
about the education were taken. It is recommended that similar curriculums
should be developed and implemented for Coaching and Recreation student
programs.
Adab dan Pola Relasi Suami-Isteri
Authors: Nurdiansyah Rifqi
Published: September 2019

Tulisan ini bertujuan menggali informasi terbentuknya pola relasi suami-isteri dalam Buku Adab al-Islam fi an-Nidzhomi al-Usroh karya Syeikh Muhammad Alwi al-Maliki. Buku ini mengandung pelbagai urusan rumah tangga yang disandarkan pada al-Qur’an-Hadist serta Atsar Sahabat. Urgensi pola relasi suami-isteri telah banyak dikaji oleh para praktisi hukum islam sebagai modal terciptanya peranan besar seorang isteri dalam rumah tangga. Beranjak dari argumentasi inilah peneliti ingin mengkaji lebih lanjut pola relasi tersebut dan difokuskan pada Buku adab al-Islam fi an-Nidzhomi Usroh. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif yang berjenis studi teks. Sumber primer penelitian ini adalah  Buku adab al-Islam fi an-Nidzhomi Usroh karya Sayyid Muhammad al-Maliki.
BİST 30 VE KATILIM 30 ENDEKSİ VOLATİLİTELERİNİN KARŞILAŞTIRILMASI
Authors: YILDIRIM Hasan Hüseyin , SAKARYA Şakir
Published: September 2019

Katılım bankacılığı; İslami prensiplerine uygun olarak faaliyetlerini gerçekleştiren bir bankacılık modelidir. Katılım bankaları ilkelerine göre düzenlenen katılım endeksleri dünya çapında uzun yıllardır var olmasına rağmen ülkemizde 2011 yılından bugüne hızlı bir büyüme göstermiştir. Yatırım araçlarının her geçen gün arttığı finansal piyasalarda Katılım Endeksleri de yatırımcılarına alternatif yatırım imkanı sağlamaktadır. Bu çalışmada, volatilite tahmin modellerinden olan ARCH, GARCH, EGARCH ve TGARCH modellerinden yararlanılarak 01.02.2011-31.07.2018 tarihleri arasında Borsa İstanbul Ulusal Pazar’da işlem gören ve Katılım Bankacılığı prensiplerine uygun hisse senetlerinden oluşan Katılım 30 Endeksi ile BİST 30 Endeksinin volatiliteleri karşılaştırılacaktır. Çalışmanın araştırma kısmında endekslerde volatilite kümelenmesinin olup olmadığına ve hangi endekste volatilitenin daha yüksek olduğuna bakılmıştır. Araştırmadan elde edilen bulgulara göre heriki endeks için volatilite kümelenmesinin olduğu tespit edilmiştir. BİST 30 Endeksinin volatilites Katılım 30 Endeksinin volatilitesine göre daha yüksek çıkmıştır.
Penyuluhan tentang Infeksi Menular Seksual pada Wanita Pekerja Seks di Lokalisasi Km. 12 Palangka Raya
Authors: Suryagustina Suryagustina , Priskila Eva , Christin Cyntia
Published: September 2019

Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are one of the causes of health, social and economic problems in many countries. According to WHO STIs are infections that are transmitted through vaginal, anal and oral sexual intercourse. Based on the results of a preliminary survey in the area many FSWs (Female Sex Workers) did not know about STIs. This counseling aims to increase the knowledge of FSWs to be able to prevent the transmission of STIs both for themselves and for the community in Prostitution Area. 12th-kilometer Palangka Raya City. The method used in this service is in the form of lectures, discussions, question and answer and evaluation with a pre-post-test, with a sample of 25 respondents. The results of this service show that there is an increase in WPS knowledge about STIs as evidenced by pre-test data 32% lacking knowledge, 64% sufficient knowledge and only 4% good knowledge, after being given information post-test 56% good knowledge, 44% sufficient knowledge there is no lack of knowledge. The conclusion from the results of the service shows the influence of health education on the level of knowledge of respondents. It is hoped that the results of this service can be an effort to prevent the spread of STIs for FSWs and the community
PENGAPLIKASIAN CERTAINTY FACTOR PADA SISTEM PAKAR UNTUK MENDIAGNOSA PENYAKIT CAMPAK RUBELLA
Authors: Zuhriyah Sitti , Wahyuningsih Pujianti
Published: September 2019

Rubella measles is a disease that can infect to the pregnant mothers, toddlers, children, and adults. The purpose of this study is applicate the certainty factor method to the expert system application based on website to diagnose the rubella measles disease. The utilization of information technology into the expert system application can help society to detect the rubella measles disease early. Certainty factor is one method that can be used to handle a problem that is uncertain the answer. In this study, the certainty factor method has been applied on expert system application to diagnose rubella measles based on symptoms of the disease felt by patients. The result of this study is an expert system based on the website can provide information and diagnose symptoms of rubella measles following the questions proposed by the system and symptoms of the disease felt by the patient.
PENERAPAN METODE COMPOSITE LOGIC UNTUK PERANCANGAN FRAMEWORK PENGUMPULAN BUKTI DIGITAL PADA MEDIA SOSIAL
Authors: Al Jumah Muhammad Naim , Sugiantoro Bambang , Prayudi Yudi
Published: September 2019

Social media has become a major part of society. But most of the time social media is used as a way people commit the crime. Due to numerous crimes that use social media, it is essential to design a framework to gather digital evidence on social media. This study develops the design of Framework by implementing Composite Logic Model.  A logic Composite model can be used to determine the role model of any variable or pattern that need to collaborate. Composite Logic Model will produce a role model that has a role to produce patterns so that it can produce the same goal. A method of Composite Logic will collaborate with the Digital Forensics Investigation framework to produce a Digital Evidence Collection Framework on Social Media. Based on data and facts, this study has been producing a new framework of gathering digital evidence on social media. The framework has four main stages in the process of collecting digital evidence on social media including pre-process, collection, analysis, and report.
PENGGUNAAN METODE STATIS DAN LIVE FORENSIK PADA UAV UNTUK MENDAPATKAN BUKTI DIGITAL
Authors: Arrochman Ibnu Fajar , Fudholi Dhomas Hatta , Prayudi Yudi
Published: September 2019

In recent years, the use of drones by civilians is increasing rapidly by the presentation of total sales continued to increase rapidly every year. With the increasing possibility of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) abuse, crime in the use of UAVs to be larger. Through forensic analysis of data using static forensic and live forensic to obtain data that allows it to be used as digital evidence. To dig up information that could be used as digital evidence in the UAV and controllers, as well as to know the characteristics of digital evidence on a UAV. The results showed that digital evidence on a UAV, the smartphone is used as a controller UAV has a very important role in the investigation. The findings in aircraft has a percentage of 50% and a camera memory card with 16.6%. DJI Phantom 3 Advanced GPS coordinates always store data in flight LOG; the data is always stored even when the flight mode is used does not use GPS signals to stability. Due to DJI Phantom 3 Advanced always use GPS on flights, file, image or video captured by the camera has the best GPS location coordinates to the metadata therein.
ANALISIS LAYANAN KEAMANAN SISTEM KARTU TRANSAKSI ELEKTRONIK MENGGUNAKAN METODE PENETRATION TESTING
Authors: Azis Huzain , Fattah Farniawati
Published: September 2019

Payment transactions developed along with technological developments, now days technology supports digital payment, each type of digital transaction has its own security services,  this study focus on the analysis of security services (confidentiality, integrity and availability) using the Penetration Testing method on magnetic stripe cards as a payment transaction playground facility, then comparing security services to the Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) electronic transaction tool. The results of this study are RFID electronic transaction cards that provide a more complete security service as an electronic payment transaction.
Treatment of asymmetric lip with a hyaluronic acid filler
Authors: SARAC Nalan , PANCAR Gunseli Sefika
Published: September 2019

A perfectly symmetrical face is not common in human beings, and different degrees of facial asymmetry are usually present in individuals. However, asymmetric lip appearance may need to be treated, because even minor asymmetries in the central location such as lips may cause psychosocial effects negatively, although this is not apparent in some people.
Improving clinical applications of quality of life scores in epidermolysis bullosa: defining clinically significant outcomes in the QOLEB questionnaire
Authors: FREW John , MURRELL Dedee F.
Published: September 2019

Objective The Quality of Life in Epidermolysis Bullosa (QOLEB) score is an Epidermolysis Bullosa (EB) specific quality of life (QoL) measurement tool. It is a statistically valid and reliable questionnaire which has benefits over generic QoL tools in QoL evaluation in EB. It also has important implications in the evaluation of the clinical efficacy of new interventions in EB. The utility of this score would be increased if the clinical relevance of individual scores and changes in QOLEB scores could be further understood.Methods In order to achieve this, the minimal clinically important  difference (MCID) was calculated using both anchor-based and distribution-based techniques. Banding techniques were also applied to the QOLEB questionnaire in order to stratify scores into “very mild”, “mild”, “moderate”, “severe” and “very severe” categories.Results Using these methodologies, the MCID for the QOLEB score was calculated at a 6 point change in QOLEB scores, and the QOLEB bands were calculated as: 0-4 points for ‘very mild’, 5-9 points for ‘mild’, 10-19 points for ‘moderate’, 20-34 points for ‘severe’ and 35-51 points for ‘very severe’ impact on QoL.Conclusions Calculating the MCID and clinical bands for the QOLEB questionnaire increases the breadth of clinical applications for the QOLEB questionnaire. It now has direct utility in determining the clinical significance of interventions in EB by evaluating changes in QOLEB scores and how they correlate to the MCID and clinical bands.
Electrocautery treatment for the black hairy tongue
Authors: YAZİCİ Alper , AYTAC İsmail
Published: September 2019

Black hairy tongue is the hairy appearance of the dorsal part of the tongue. This clinical condition results from the hypertrophy of filiform papillae and the desquamation of the tongue. It is commonly seen in old individuals and heavy smokers. Initial treatment is generally based on the behavioural changes like cessation of smoking and maintenance of oral hygiene. If the prior therapies did not succeed, oral or topical therapies are commonly the second options. Chemical or electrocautery therapies that we can call ‘’abrasion therapies’’ could be the last choice in the contemporary treatment of black hairy tongue.
Toxicity of glucocorticosteroids in autoimmune blistering diseases
Authors: BİLGİC Asli , MURRELL Dedee F.
Published: September 2019

Glucocorticosteroids (GCs), have been the mainstay treatment for several dermatological diseases such as autoimmunebullous diseases (AIBDs). However, they come with a great cost of GCs-associated adverse events causingmortality and morbidity. Recently, a new measure to evaluate toxicity due to GCs’ use has been demonstrated to bereliable.This review aimed to summarise toxicity attributed to GCs use and give more insight about this new toxicity index.
Nocardia infection presenting with papulopustular lesions in a patient with pediatric leukemia
Authors: BAHADİR Aysenur , KAYA Gulay , ERDURAN Erol
Published: September 2019

Nocardia is an anaerobic gram-positive bacterium and it is transmitted through inhalation of spores or by direct injection. Nocardia generally does not cause infections in healthy individuals, the agent may become pathogenic in the presence of malignant diseases that impair cellular immunity, and in individuals who are treated with steroids or immunosuppressives. Case reports related to Nocardia farcinica infections generally describe older patients. Herein; we report a patient, who were receiving maintance chemotheraphy for acute lympholastic leukemia (ALL), admitted with papulopustular lesions otherwise normal physical findings but later diagnosed pulmonary and cutaneous Nocardia farcinica infection. The initiation of empirical therapy before the appearance of clinical signs in these patients can potentially cure Nocardia infections, which are otherwise associated with a high rate of mortality.
Adoption of improved production practices in low land rice through community training
Authors: Rashid MH , Rony MKI , Mahalder D , Goswami PC
Published: September 2019

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) production technology adoption requires effective farmers’ training for narrowing knowledge gap. This paper assesses the result of community training on the extent of adoption of improved rice production practices in low land rice of south western Bangladesh. A total of 531 farmers were trained through community training approach and 177 farmers were randomly selected for data collection. The extent of adoption of improved rice production practices and reasons for nonadopting technologies were solicited by personal interview with the help of a semi-structured questionnaire. Collected data were analysed using descriptive and inferential techniques. The community training was suited to adopt rice production technologies. The adoption of different rice production technologies was greater by the adopters of Satkhira district compared to Khulna that resulted in significant rice yield difference. The constraints against the adoption of the selected rice production technologies show that a portion of adopters was not convinced to adopt row transplanting, skipped row planting and birds perch for controlling insects, use of appropriate K and S fertilizers due to requirement of higher labour and fertilizer and risk of reduction of rice yield. The integration of other extension methods such as method and result demonstration might enhance the rate of adoption of those rice production technologies.

SAARC J. Agri., 17(1): 1-11 (2019)
Scenario of insect pests, predators and pollinators associated with crop plants in an agroforestry in Bangladesh
Authors: Mia MR , Amin MR , Rahman H , Miah MG
Published: September 2019

The abundance of insect pests, predators and pollinators and status of pest insects associated with citrus, mango and pineapple crops grown in an agroforestry in Bangladesh was studied during July 2015 to June 2016. Twenty five species of insects belonging to 19 families in 5 orders were found as pest of citrus and their relative abundance varied from 2.4 to 13.4%. Among the citrus pests, green leaf hopper was most abundant, but whitefly, mealy bug, lemon butterfly and leaf minor were found as major pests. Fifteen species of insects under 13 families in 6 orders were found as pests of mango and their relative abundance varied from 0.5 to 82.6%, and hopper and fruit fly were found as major pests. Four species of insects belonging to 4 families in 3 orders were found as pest of pineapple and their relative abundance varied from 12.2 to 44.9%, and all were found as minor pests. There were 20 species of predator insects belonging to 13 families in 6 orders and their abundance ranged from 0.8 to 2.5/ 40 sweeps. In total 19 species of insects belonging to 12 families in 4 orders were found as pollinators and their abundance varied from 1.7 to 5.1/40 sweeps. The ants and honeybees were most abundant as predators and pollinators, respectively.

SAARC J. Agri., 17(1): 13-22 (2019)
Improvement in anaerobic germination potential and grain yield of rice (oryza sativa) through seed priming
Authors: Senapati S , Kuanar SR , Sarkar RK
Published: September 2019

A field experiment was conducted during the dry season of 2014 and 2015 at National Rice Research Institute (NRRI), Orissa, India, (20.5ºN, 86°E, and 23.5 meters above mean sea level). Seed priming was employed to enhance the anaerobic germination potential in two near isogenic rice lines (IR64 and IR64-Sub1). Under natural field condition, oxygen concentration in floodwater never dropped to zero. It varied from 3.0 to 5.2 mg L-1. Seed priming with calcium peroxide and seed soaking with water followed by sun drying showed greater beneficial effects as compared to potassium nitrate. Seed priming with sodium peroxide found deleterious. Cultivar IR64-Sub1 responded well due to seed priming as compared to cultivar IR64 under submergence. To improve anaerobic germination potential in rice, seed soaking with water followed by sun drying found economicalas compared to other methods of seed priming as this technique was not linked with additional investment in chemicals and was more environments friendly.

SAARC J. Agri., 17(1): 37-48 (2019
Effects of conservation agriculture on productivity and Economics of maize-wheat based cropping systems in midwestern Nepal
Authors: Pariyar K , Chaudhary A , Sapkota P , Sharma S , Rana CB , Shrestha J
Published: September 2019

The effects of two tillage methods (zero tillage and conventional tillage), two residue managements (residue kept and residue removed) and two levels of cropping system (maize + soybean and sole maize) were studied over 3 years (2015-2017) at Dailekh district of Nepal. Arun-2 and Puja were the varieties of maize and soybean used respectively, followed by winter wheat. The results revealed that the maize + soybean system had significantly higher plant population and ear population (34.83 thousands ha-1 and 34.35 thousands ha-1, respectively), grains per row (37.1), ear length (16.6 cm) and 20.5% higher grain yield as compared to sole maize. The highest maize equivalent yield (7.92 t ha-1) was recorded in maize + soybean as compared to the lower grain yield equivalent (7.06 t ha-1) in sole maize. Zero tillage accounted relatively higher benefits (high net income and B:C ratio) as compared to conventional tillage. The residue kept plot resulted significantly higher B:C ratio (2.41) than the residue removed (2.11) and the maize + soybean recorded 82.5% greater B:C ratio compared to sole maize. Net annual income was significantly higher in zero tillage, residue kept and maize + soybean system (NRs. 223072.00, 222958.00 and 269016.00 ha-1 respectively). Such combinations are recommended for Dailekh district of Nepal to have profitable crop productivity.

SAARC J. Agri., 17(1): 49-63 (2019)
Impact of aluminium (al3+) stress on germination and seedling growth of five wheat genotypes
Authors: Sarker SC , Ghosh SR , Hossain MJ , Ghosh RC , Razia S , Sushmoy DR , Noor MMA
Published: September 2019

A Petridish and hydroponic culture experiments were conducted at Crop Physiology Laboratory, Department of Crop Botany and Agriculture Chemistry Laboratory, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh during the period from August to October 2011 to investigate the effect of aluminium on morphological characters and growth of wheat seedlings. The experiment comprised of two levels of aluminium concentrations viz., 0 μM (control) and 100 μM and five varieties viz; Kanchan, Shatabdi, Sourav, Bijoy (BARI-23) and Sufi (BARI-22). The experiment was laid out in two factors completely randomized design with three replications. Applications of 100 μM aluminium had a profound influence on hypocotyls and epicotyls length, germination percentages, and rootshoot length, fresh and dry mass production in wheat. Results indicated that germination percentage, hypocotyls and epicotyls length, root and shoot length, leaf length, leaf sheath length, plant height, fresh and dry mass plant were greater in control than aluminium stress conditions. It revealed that wheat seedlings are susceptible to aluminium stress. However, among the varieties, the reduction of dry mass under aluminium stress was minimum in Shatabdi followed by Kanchan showed that Shatabdi was more tolerant to aluminium stress than the other varieties namely Sourav, Bijoy (BARI-23) and Sufi (BARI-22). Sufi and Sourav were more susceptible to aluminium stress.

SAARC J. Agri., 17(1): 65-76 (2019)
Socio-economic, farm and technological characteristics of the peri-urban small and marginal dairy farmers of Chittagong metro area, Bangladesh
Authors: Dipu SMMA , Begum MR , Sultana S
Published: September 2019

The paper depicted the salient features of the socio-economic, farm and technological background and the existing problems of the peri-urban small and marginal dairy farmers of Chittagong Metro Area (CMA), Bangladesh. Data were collected using a pre-tested structured questionnaire. Snowball sampling method was used to gather socioeconomic, farm and technological data. Both descriptive statistics and mathematical analyses were used for analyzing the data. The study finds the peri-urban small and marginal dairy farmers are not fully dependent on dairy farming for income and young people are less interested in dairy farming as well. Better education status, less profitability, unfair and unstable price, etc. might be the reasons behind this circumstance. Though the farmers get lesser price for milk, the milk price is higher in urban market. Interestingly, 62.7%, 52.9% and 51.0% of the farmer families have smartphone, facebook and internet users respectively. Based on the findings, the study recommends that technology-based market linkage could be created by any government/non-government development partner between the cluster-based farmers’ group and the urban consumers for ensuring fair price for milk.

SAARC J. Agri., 17(1): 77-91 (2019)
Study of nitrogen use efficiency and yield of rice influenced by deep placement of nitrogen fertilizers
Authors: Rea RS , Islam MR , Rahman MM , Mix K
Published: September 2019

Continuous increase of nitrogen fertilizer use adversely affecting the soil health as well as the environment. It necessitates the systematic study of the impact of nitrogen (N) fertilizer use-reduction on crop yield. In this article, the effects of deep placement of nitrogen fertilizers on nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) and yield of rice variety “BRRI dhan46” were investigated and compared for three N formulations: urea super granule (USG), NPK briquettes and prilled urea (PU). The experiment was conducted in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with eight N treatments replicated three times. The treatments were applied by varying doses (0, 52, 78 and 104 kg ha-1) of nitrogen fertilizers in a known identical soil and weather condition. Applications of PU, USG and NPK briquettes exhibited significant differences on yield attributes of rice. Results revealed maximum grain yield of 6.391 t ha-1 (54% increases over control) for the dose USG 104 kg ha-1 which is statistically similar to the dose USG 78 kg ha-1 and NPK briquettes 104 kg ha-1. The deep placement of USG and NPK briquettes enhanced both the recovery of applied N and N use efficiency compared to broadcast application of prilled urea. However, USG 78 kg ha-1 showed maximum apparent N recovery, N use efficiency, gross margin and marginal benefit-cost ratio. Thus, an application of 78 kg ha-1 USG can be recommended for profitable cultivation of rice variety BRRI dhan46.

SAARC J. Agri., 17(1): 93-103 (2019)
Study of cattle fattening system in selected region of Bangladesh
Authors: Kamal MT , Hashem MA , Mamun M Al , Hossain MM , Razzaque MA
Published: September 2019

The current study was undertaken to assess the present status of cattle mixed feeds, feed ingredients and use of growth promoters in livestock production of Bangladesh. The survey was carried out through a structured questionnaire among 80 farmers during April to June, 2017. The study revealed that agriculture is the primary occupation for 63% of respondents, whereas 27.5% of respondents are dependent over livestock. The dairy farmers are involved in both dairy and beef cattle fattening. Approximately 64% of the livestock farmers practiced fattening round the year and rest of the respondents followed fattening for period of 3 months; before Eid-ul-Adha. About 86% farmers reared uncastrated males instead of steer for fattening. It was observed that 59% of the farmers applying steroid as growth promoters in beef cattle fattening. The study indicated that middleman, feed/ medicine dealers were involved in promoting of steroids (dexavet, pednivet, oradexon, decason, paractin, gludex etc) usages in livestock. Owing to the lack of knowledge on steroids use in livestock over public health, the farmers are influenced by the vendors for quick profit. They sell their animals prior to withdrawal periods of drugs. Training and knowledge about the health hazards of steroids had inverse significant relationship with use of steroid as growth promoter (p<0.01). Improvement of education, training and financial status of the farmers significantly affected the use of steroids in beef fattening. Present problems could be addressed by intervention measures by the policy makers of the livestock sector.

SAARC J. Agri., 17(1): 105-118 (2019)
Production process and marketing system of cucumber: A socioeconomic study in Mymensingh district of Bangladesh
Authors: Lutfa A , Happy FA , Yeasmin F
Published: September 2019

The study was undertaken to evaluate the production process and marketing system of cucumber in Mymesingh district of Bangladesh. Primary data were collected from 50 stakeholders (30 farmers, 7 wholesaler, 7 retailers and 6 local traders) of Phulpur upazila and Mymensingh city. Purposive sampling technique was used to select the producers and convenience sampling was used for selecting the traders. The study revealed that production of cucumber was profitable in the study areas (with benefit cost ratio 1.59). Total marketing cost of cucumber was the highest for local traders (Tk. 2.73 per acre) and lowest for retailers (Tk.1.57per acre).In the study area, six market participants were identified which were producer, local trader, wholesaler, retailer, street seller and consumer. Gross and net marketing margin were the highest for retailers (4.25 Tk./kg and 2.65 Tk./kg, respectively). The study identified two cucumber marketing channels in Phulpur upazila and five in Mymensingh city. The seasonal price index of cucumber was the highest in the month of October (135.67) which indicated that price of cucumber in this month was 35.67 percent higher than average price and the lowest was in May (60.62). The result implied that price in this month was 39.38 per cent less than average price. The findings of this study about production, marketing function and seasonal price will help farmers and intermediaries involved with cucumber production and marketing to improve cucumber business.

SAARC J. Agri., 17(1): 135-147 (2019)
Effect of gamma irradiation on shelf life and quality of Broiler meat
Authors: Rima FJ , Sadakuzzaman M , Hossain MA , Ali MS , Hashem MA
Published: September 2019

The experiment was conducted on fresh broiler meat treated with 60Co gamma irradiation having dose of 0 (T0), 1 (T1), 2 (T2) and 3.5 kGy (T3)) and stored 0, 30 and 60 days at -20ºC to estimate the effect on proximate, sensory, physicochemical, biochemical and microbial changes in broiler meat. Factorial experiment (4x3) in completely randomized design (CRD) replicated three times per cell was applied to study the variation among treatment combination. Color was changed significantly (p<0.05) with higher irradiation doses. DM, EE, CP was increased, and Ash and pH was decreased significantly (p<0.05) with higher irradiation doses. Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), Peroxide value (PV), Free fatty acid (FFA), cooking loss was increased significantly (p<0.05) with irradiation level and storage period. Total viable count (TVC), Total coliform count (TCC), Total yeast and mold count (TYMC) was significantly (p<0.05) reduced with irradiation level. Considering all traits it can be concluded that irradiation significantly decreased microbial population and maintain nutritional quality of broiler meat. The irradiation dose 2.0 kGy showed most acceptable for microbial population reduction, maintains overall acceptability and for shelf life extension of broiler meat comparison to non-irradiated meat sample.

SAARC J. Agri., 17(1): 149-159 (2019)
Farmers’ adaptation strategies to drought and their determinants in barind tract, Bangladesh
Authors: Islam MS , Hossain MZ , Sikder MB
Published: September 2019

Farmers’ choice of drought adaptation measures depends on several determinants that include their socioeconomic, demographic, and agricultural characteristics. This study aimed to investigate the presence of dependency or association between the adaptation strategies implemented by farmers’ own initiative and their determinants in the Barind Tract of Bangladesh. The study was mainly based on primary data collected through a household level survey using a structured questionnaire covering 400 farming households from an extended area comprising 10 Unions from 03 Districts, viz. Rajshahi, Chapai Nawabganj, and Naogaon in northwest Bangladesh. The chi-square test and Cramer’s V test has been applied to measure the association between variables and the strength of the association respectively. The study found that the nature of adaptation strategies implemented by farmers is mainly related to crop production and income generation. Their capability noticeably lacks to facilitate artificial irrigation that made them dependent on government’s initiatives. The association between the implemented adaptation measures and selected variables suggests that the farm size, irrigation accessibility, monthly household income, land ownership status, literacy level, and poverty status played significant role in the implementation of adaptation measures. Finally, limitations of currently practiced adaptation strategies and future way forwardhave been discussed for better drought risk management.

SAARC J. Agri., 17(1): 161-174 (2019)
Line×tester analysis in lilium×formolongi: identification of superior parents for growth and flowering traits
Authors: Rai R , Shrestha J , Kim JH
Published: September 2019

An experiment was carried out using eight double cross F1s (DCF1s) as lines and two testers to obtain sixteen Line ×Tester hybrids for the evaluation of major growth and flowering traits thereby to understand the breeding potentiality of the parental lines. The performance of growth and flowering traits of all twenty-six genotypes were evaluated in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed all the genotypes were significantly different for all agro-morphological traits under study. The estimated general combining ability (GCA) effects showed that parent 5(P5), were superior for plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves, leaf length, days to flowering and attitude of floral axis followed by parent 2(P2) for leaf length, leaf width, days to flowering and attitude of floral axis and parent7 (P7) for number of flower, flower diameter, bud length and attitude for floral axis. Likewise; tester 1 found to be best combiner with significant GCA effect for almost all growth and flowering traits (except number of leaves). The plant height, leaf width, number of flower and attitude of floral axis showed prevailing additive gene action while stem diameter, number of leaves, leaf length, days to flowering, flower diameter and bud length indicated predominance of dominance gene action. We can conclude that parent P5, parent P2 and parent P7 can be used as good mother lines and the tester 1, as good donor for the seed production.

SAARC J. Agri., 17(1): 175-187 (2019)
Resource use efficiency analysis in strawberry production in selected areas of Bangladesh
Authors: Khatun M , Rashid MA , Khandoker S , Kundu ND , Matin MA
Published: September 2019

Inefficient use of existing scarce resources has adverse effect on food production and production cost hence, low income among the farmers across the nation. Strawberry farming is profitable but costly. So the study was designed to explore resource use efficiency of strawberry cultivation in Rajshahi and Joypurhat district of Bangladesh. Primary data were collected from 100 strawberry growing farmers. Data were analyzed by using descriptive statistics, Cobb-Douglass production function and marginal productivity analysis. The results showed that 41% farmers were 18 to 30 years old. Highest 26% farmers had primary level of education, 61% farmers had small farm, and 69% farmers had 1 to 3 years’ experience of strawberry cultivation. The double log function showed the best fit with adjusted R2 of 61%. Production inputs such as sapling and fertilizer had positive and labour and chemicals had negative and significant effect on outputs. Sapling, land and water were underutilized and labour, cowdung, fertilizer and chemicals were over used. About 37% farmers reported that strawberry plants were attacked by many more diseases. Approximately, 48% farmers reported that transportation facilities of the study areas were poor. Efficiency ratio of the inputs indicates, farmers of the study area were not efficient in using inputs and it is needed to adjust resource use in order to improve farm profit at this level of technology used. The study also recommends that the farmers need training to be efficient.

SAARC J. Agri., 17(1): 189-200 (2019)
Does gender influence farm households’ decision to adopt technology and commercial agriculture: Implication for household food security in rural Bangladesh
Authors: Hossain M
Published: September 2019

This paper investigates whether gender of household head is associated with the household’s decision to adopt technology and commercial agriculture in rural Bangladesh. It further investigates if household food security of the adopters differs significantly on the basis of gender of the household head. By using Ӽ2 test and Cramer’s V statistic this paper finds evidence to suggest that adoption of both technology and of commercialisation of agriculture in rural Bangladesh significantly differs between male-headed and female-headed households. The incidence of adoption among the female-led households is low possibly because they are constrained by lack of access to input, credit, and extension services. It is also found that household food security of the adopters improves irrespective of gender of the household head. Thus the policy implication of the study is that technology adoption and commercial farming may have good prospect for improving household food security of rural farm households.

SAARC J. Agri., 17(1): 219-226 (2019)
Effects of urea and poultry manure combination on yield and quality of different lettuce (lactucasativa l.) Varieties in Chitwan, Nepal
Authors: Ghimire S , Nainabasti A , Sharma MD , Marahatta S , Giri HN
Published: September 2019

A study was conducted to evaluate the effect of combined application of urea and poultry manure(viz., 100% N-urea, 75% N-urea + 25% N-PM, 50% N-urea + 50% N-PM, 25% N-urea + 75% N-PM and 100% N-PM) on yield and quality of two varieties of lettuce viz., Green Span and NAI RE KUI DA F1at the Horticulture Farm of Agriculture and Forestry University, Rampur, Chitwan, Nepal from October 30, 2015 to January 30, 2016. Results revealed that the integration of 50% or more N-PM had significantly higher values in growth, yield and quality parameters while the use of 100% N-urea had the lowest one. Similarly, the two varieties significantly differed in all characters and the variety Green Span performed better at all levels of integration of N-urea with N-poultry manure than NAI RE KUI DA F1. Based on interaction effect, Green Span performed better with 100% N-poultry manure while NAI RE KUI DA F1 did better with the combination of 50% N-urea and 50% N-PM.

SAARC J. Agri., 17(1): 201-210 (2019)
Way of compost application for organic farming
Authors: Khan MAI , Hira MHR , Rahaman S , Moni ZR , Hussen MAM , Someya T , Ueno K
Published: September 2019

Application of composts is an alternative of synthetic agrochemicals for eco-friendly farming. Work is limited on the effective and economic way of compost application in Bangladesh. A study was done at the Field Science Center, Saga University, Japan with green tea waste – rice bran compost (GRC) application. Radish (Raphanus sativus L.), spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) and komatsuna (Brassica rapa var. pervidis) were used as test plants. GRC was applied at 1.0 kg m-2 by mulching on soil after seeding. It enhanced seed germination, seedling growth and improved crop yield of spinach and radish grown in a controlled condition. Among the two application methods, post-sowing mulching (PSM) reduced water loss from upper soil surface, thus enhanced seed germination and better growth compared to pre-sowing incorporation (PSI) system. This study also suggests that improper compost incorporation to soil may impair seed germination, seedling growth and likely crop yield.

SAARC J. Agri., 17(1): 211-217 (2019)