bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Much native data, little longitudinal information: a model of information for the continuity of care, from prenatal assistance to the emergency in maternities
Authors: TVQ Sá , RALP Aguiar , ZSN Reis
Published: September 2021

Obstetric caring demands a continuous process of information sharing between health professionals. However, the lack of communication between points of assistance has allowed for an accumulation of local data without the benefits of data interoperability. The study’s objective is to develop an information model with essential obstetric data to foster the continuity of information. An exploratory research involved discussions of fictitious cases of obstetric emergencies and ninety electronic medical records (EMR) were used to validate the model. The minimum antenatal dataset entries was structured into nine sections, and fifty-six data entries. The development of an information model, based on the standard of interoperability, has the potential to overcome the informality of EMR.
Conceituando a Percepção em Sistemas Colaborativos: A Busca por Sistemas Sensíveis a Percepção
Authors: Cravo Max Felipe Silva Dos Santos , Sousa Romeu Alves de , Racca Beatriz Saburido , França Juliana Baptista dos Santos
Published: September 2021

Considerando o fator humano na área de sistemas colaborativos, esta pesquisa busca a compreensão da percepção sobre as interações colaborativas em processos computacionais. Com o aumento da utilização de sistemas colaborativos nas relações pessoais, de estudo e trabalho, a percepção tem se tornado o ponto chave a ser estudado, de modo que através de sua compreensão e conceitualização seja possível projetar sistemas cada vez mais sensíveis à percepção. Este artigo discute os primeiros passos da construção de um modelo conceitual de percepção e define os próximos passos da pesquisa que busca a consolidação de requisitos de qualidade com o foco na percepção.
Toxicologic Exposures in California Emergency Departments in 2011 and Its Risk Factors
Authors: Loftipour Shahram , Au Connie , Saadat Soheil , Bruckner Tim , Singh Parvati , Chakravarthy Bharath
Published: September 2021

Introduction: Toxicologic exposures (TE) are a major preventable public health issue, with most cases due to unintentional causes. Although these cases are well documented and reported via the National Poison Data System, there is little information regarding toxicologic exposure cases in the emergency department (ED). The aim of this study was to identify demographic groups at risk for potential poisoning.
Methods: This was a cross-sectional study. We used data from the California State Emergency Department Database (SEDD) 2011 for statistical analysis.

Results: The study included 10,124,598 ED visits in California in 2011. The prevalence of TE was 383.4 (379.6-387.3) per 100,000 visits. Toxicologic exposures were most common among patients aged <10 years (555.4, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 544.5-566.5 per 100,000 visits). Overall, TE was more common among males. White patients showed the highest prevalence of TE compared to other racial groups (P <0.001). Subpopulation analysis showed Native American female patients ages 10-19 had a noticeably higher prevalence of TE (1,464.4, 95% CI: 802.9-2444.9 per 100,000). The prevalence of TE was higher in households of higher median income (P <0.001). Prevalence of TE among those with a history of substance use was also elevated.

Conclusion: Toxicologic exposure cases in the ED are elevated in particular age and race/ethnicity groups, as well as among those with a diagnosis of substance use disorder. The strength of association between these factors and TE in the general population may be different because we examined ED visits only. Further preventive and education strategies are necessary and should target the demographic groups identified in this epidemiological study.
La "Peste de Cipriano": la primera gran pandemia de la Antigüedad Tardía (249-270)
Authors: Lorente Muñoz Mario
Published: September 2021

En este presente trabajo se pretende hacer un recorrido histórico por los principales episodios epidémicos, que asolaron el mundo antiguo, desde el 5.000 a.C., hasta los inicios de la tardo-antigüedad (siglo III d.C.). Centrando, especialmente, nuestro foco de atención, en la conocida como «Peste de Cipriano»; una gran plaga, que devastó el Imperio romano entre los años 249 a 270, y de la que fue testigo fiel y directo de los hechos el obispo norteafricano y mártir, Cipriano de Cartago.
Análisis de una personalidad femenina de la dinastía Flavia: Julia Flavia Titi
Authors: Fernández Uriel Pilar
Published: September 2021

Se presenta un estudio dedicado a Iulia Flavia, hija de Tito Flavio, a través la documentación histórica (fuentes literarias, epigráficas, numismáticas e iconográficas). Se analiza la evolución de su personalidad e imagen en las tres etapas fundamentales de su vida: la adolescencia, la juventud en su desarrollo a la madurez y, tras su muerte, su consecratio como diua. También se examina su posible proyección y transcendencia como nexo y enlace entre sus antecesoras, especialmente Livia, y las posteriores damas pertenecientes a la dinastía Aelia Antonina.
Redes de contacto e intercambios entre Anatolia, el Egeo y la isla de Creta en el Bronce Antiguo
Authors: Milán Quiñones de Léon Mª Soledad
Published: September 2021

El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar los contactos que tuvieron lugar desde la primera parte de la Edad del Bronce en el Egeo, el Mediterráneo oriental, el Levante y el Oriente Próximo con la isla de Creta y que incluyen la movilidad de gentes, objetos e ideas. Para ello es esencial rastrear en el registro arqueológico los hallazgos de la cultura material y las influencias que se detectan dentro de este sistema de redes de relaciones que se inicia en ese momento e incluso antes. Creta presenta determinadas características que favorecen el desarrollo de un crecimiento sostenido, que permite la generación de excedentes por encima del nivel de subsistencia a lo que se añade una situación geográfica única al sur del Egeo y en el centro de un sistema de redes que conectan Anatolia, el Oriente Próximo, Egipto y Grecia continental. Por lo tanto, este sistema de redes favorece la movilidad de gentes y el intercambio de objetos, materias primas, innovaciones tecnológicas e ideas que llegan a la isla e impactan en sus elites favoreciendo el surgimiento del sistema palacial.
Epigrafía de Cubillejo de Lara (Burgos)
Authors: Carcedo de Andrés Bruno Pedro
Published: September 2021

Este trabajo analiza cuatro testimonios procedentes de tres epígrafes romanos originarios de la localidad de Cubillejo de Lara (Burgos), en el área de Nova Augusta (Lara de los Infantes). Los dos primeros son dos fragmentos anepigráficos correspondientes a una estela de gran tamaño. El tercero, es un fragmento muy basto en el que podría intuirse una mención a una unidad organizativa indígena y el cuarto es una estela funeraria casi completa donde se menciona un cognomen étnico, antroponimia prerromana y un término de parentesco poco común.
Perceived environmental uncertainty and network development: the case of Greek SMEs
Authors:   , Drekolias Thedoros
Published: September 2021

Networks appear to be vital living organisms which change, grow and develop through time; hence networks are shaped, dissolved and reformed on a constant base. Although an extensive body of research has focused on the outcomes and the antecedents of the interorganizational networks formation, less attention has been paid to understand why and how these networks evolve through time, especially in the context of small-medium sized firms. This thesis aims to address this research gap and to broaden the field of the SMEs’ inter – organizational network development by considering the perceived environmental uncertainty (PEU) as an exogenous, deriving from outside the network, triggering factor. In that respect, this thesis explores if and how the three types of PEU, stemming from several domains of the external environment may trigger the development of networks in terms of their structural and interactional dimensions. To achieve this aim, a single – embedded case study of Greek tourism industry, applying the philosophical prism of critical realism, has been undertaken to seek causal explanations in the relationship between PEU and the SMEs’ network development. The findings demonstrated that PEU, particularly state and to a lesser extent response PEU, prompted the SMEs to develop their networks in several ways related to their structure, the strength of the relationships and the exchanging content among partners.
Managing Cognitive Dysfunction in Multiple Sclerosis: A Snapshot of Changes in Screening, Assessment, and Treatment Practices
Authors: Gromisch Elizabeth S. , DeLuca John , Benedict Ralph H.B. , Foley Frederick W.
Published: September 2021

BACKGROUND:

Cognitive dysfunction is prevalent in multiple sclerosis (MS) and can have a negative effect on several aspects of the daily lives of individuals with MS. In 2010, members of the Consortium of Multiple Sclerosis Centers (CMSC) were surveyed to understand MS clinicians’ screening, assessment, and treatment practices for cognitive problems. Given the advancements made in the field in the past decade, it was deemed time to reevaluate how cognitive dysfunction is managed in the clinical setting.

METHODS:

An online questionnaire was completed by 56 CMSC members. They were asked to describe their clinical practices, procedures for screening and further evaluation, and treatment recommendations for cognitive dysfunction. Participants were also asked whether their practice had changed in terms of the number of cognitive screenings, prescriptions for cognitive problems, and referrals for neuropsychological assessment and cognitive remediation in the past 5 years to allow for clinicians who had not been in practice for 10 years.

RESULTS:

Participants reported an increase in the number of cognitive screenings and referrals for neuropsychological assessments and cognitive remediation during the past 5 years. Compared with 2010, participants endorsed greater use of person-administered screening measures, such as the Symbol Digit Modalities Test, and fewer prescriptions for medications to improve cognitive functioning.

CONCLUSIONS:

Clinical practices are becoming more in line with the literature, with increased use of cognitive screening and remediation. Continued attention to cognitive problems will be an ongoing important component of MS-related care.
Sustainable Urban Mobility Boost Smart Toolbox
Authors:   University of Zagreb, Faculty of Transport and Traffic Sciences, Šoštarić Marko , Jakovljević Marijan ,   University of Zagreb, Faculty of Transport and Traffic Sciences, Lale Orsat ,   University of Zagreb, Faculty of Transport and Traffic Sciences, Vidović Krešimir ,   Ericsson Nikola Tesla, Vojvodić Saša ,   Ericsson Nikola Tesla
Published: September 2021

Traffic system analysis and planning is a very complex process that requires quality input data collected on a relevant sample and over a relevant time period. The project Sustainable Urban Mobility Boost Smart Toolbox aims at development of the methodology (toolbox) in data rich reality, which is combining traditional and novel data science approach for transport system analysis and planning. It enables digital transformation of existing (traditional, ingrained) analytic methodologies by novel utilization of mobile network infrastructure as urban mobility data sources (spatio-temporal data on population migrations gathered from anonymized mobile network logs) and data science capabilities. The project is funded by the EIT Urban Mobility Regional Innovation Scheme RIS 2020. The end product will provide transport planners with insight in spatial distribution of commuters and their transport means. Also, it will propose methodology for the identification and implementation of the measures for improvement of the transport system based on input data. Primary goal of the Project is to provide universal methodology suitable for any city to create sustainable transport system.
Epigenome-wide analysis of DNA methylation and coronary heart disease: a nested case-control study
Authors: Si Jiahui , Yang Songchun , Sun Dianjianyi , Yu Canqing , Guo Yu , Lin Yifei , Millwood Iona Y , Walters Robin G , Yang Ling , Chen Yiping , Du Huaidong , Hua Yujie , Liu Jingchao , Chen Junshi , Chen Zhengming , Chen Wei , Lv Jun , Liang Liming , Li Liming ,   China Kadoorie Biobank Collaborative Group
Published: September 2021

Background:

Identifying environmentally responsive genetic loci where DNA methylation is associated with coronary heart disease (CHD) may reveal novel pathways or therapeutic targets for CHD. We conducted the first prospective epigenome-wide analysis of DNA methylation in relation to incident CHD in the Asian population.

Methods:

We did a nested case-control study comprising incident CHD cases and 1:1 matched controls who were identified from the 10 year follow-up of the China Kadoorie Biobank. Methylation level of baseline blood leukocyte DNA was measured by Infinium Methylation EPIC BeadChip. We performed the single cytosine-phosphate-guanine (CpG) site association analysis and network approach to identify CHD-associated CpG sites and co-methylation gene module.

Results:

After quality control, 982 participants (mean age 50.1 years) were retained. Methylation level at 25 CpG sites across the genome was associated with incident CHD (genome-wide false discovery rate [FDR] < 0.05 or module-specific FDR < 0.01). One SD increase in methylation level of identified CpGs was associated with differences in CHD risk, ranging from a 47 % decrease to a 118 % increase. Mediation analyses revealed 28.5 % of the excessed CHD risk associated with smoking was mediated by methylation level at the promoter region of ANKS1A gene (P for mediation effect = 0.036). Methylation level at the promoter region of SNX30 was associated with blood pressure and subsequent risk of CHD, with the mediating proportion to be 7.7 % (P = 0.003) via systolic blood pressure and 6.4 % (P = 0.006) via diastolic blood pressure. Network analysis revealed a co-methylation module associated with CHD.

Conclusions:

We identified novel blood methylation alterations associated with incident CHD in the Asian population and provided evidence of the possible role of epigenetic regulations in the smoking- and blood pressure-related pathways to CHD risk.

Funding:

This work was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (81390544 and 91846303). The CKB baseline survey and the first re-survey were supported by a grant from the Kadoorie Charitable Foundation in Hong Kong. The long-term follow-up is supported by grants from the UK Wellcome Trust (202922/Z/16/Z, 088158/Z/09/Z, 104085/Z/14/Z), grant (2016YFC0900500, 2016YFC0900501, 2016YFC0900504, 2016YFC1303904) from the National Key R&D Program of China, and Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology (2011BAI09B01).
RNA splicing programs define tissue compartments and cell types at single-cell resolution
Authors: Olivieri Julia Eve , Dehghannasiri Roozbeh , Wang Peter L , Jang SoRi , de Morree Antoine , Tan Serena Y , Ming Jingsi , Ruohao Wu Angela ,   Tabula Sapiens Consortium, Quake Stephen R , Krasnow Mark A , Salzman Julia
Published: September 2021

The extent splicing is regulated at single-cell resolution has remained controversial due to both available data and methods to interpret it. We apply the SpliZ, a new statistical approach, to detect cell-type-specific splicing in >110K cells from 12 human tissues. Using 10X Chromium data for discovery, 9.1% of genes with computable SpliZ scores are cell-type-specifically spliced, including ubiquitously expressed genes MYL6 and RPS24. These results are validated with RNA FISH, single-cell PCR, and Smart-seq2. SpliZ analysis reveals 170 genes with regulated splicing during human spermatogenesis, including examples conserved in mouse and mouse lemur. The SpliZ allows model-based identification of subpopulations indistinguishable based on gene expression, illustrated by subpopulation-specific splicing of classical monocytes involving an ultraconserved exon in SAT1. Together, this analysis of differential splicing across multiple organs establishes that splicing is regulated cell-type-specifically.
Malware propagation model for cluster-based wireless sensor networks using epidemiological theory
Authors: Zhu Xuejin , Huang Jie
Published: September 2021

Due to limited resources, wireless sensor network (WSN) nodes generally possess weak defense capabilities and are often the target of malware attacks. Attackers can capture or infect specific sensor nodes and propagate malware to other sensor nodes in WSNs through node communication. This can eventually infect an entire network system and even cause paralysis. Based on epidemiological theory, the present study proposes a malware propagation model suitable for cluster-based WSNs to analyze the propagation dynamic of malware. The model focuses on the data-transmission characteristics between different nodes in a cluster-based network and considers the actual application parameters of WSNs, such as node communication radius, node distributed density, and node death rate. In addition, an attack and defense game between malware and defending systems is also established, and the infection and recovery rates of malware propagation under the mixed strategy Nash equilibrium condition are given. In particular, the basic reproductive number, equilibrium point, and stability of the model are derived. These studies revealed that a basic reproductive number of less than 1 leads to eventual disappearance of malware, which provides significant insight into the design of defense strategies against malware threats. Numerical experiments were conducted to validate the theory proposed, and the influence of WSN parameters on malware propagation was examined.
UTILIZAÇÃO DE REDES SOCIAIS EM SALA DE AULA: UM ESTUDO EM UM CURSO DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO SOBRE TECNOLOGIAS DA INFORMAÇÃO E COMUNICAÇÃO
Authors: Carneiro Reginaldo Fernando , Oliveira Rafaela Reis Azevedo de
Published: September 2021

Este artigo tem como objetivo analisar possibilidades de utilização das redes sociais em sala de aula em diferentes disciplinas escolares. Para tanto, desenvolveu-se uma pesquisa qualitativa que analisou 30 trabalhos em que os estudantes elaboraram uma proposta de utilização de redes sociais em sala de aula nas mais diferentes disciplinas. Na análise dos dados, emergiram quatro categorias de usos das redes sociais que aqui serão discutidas. Algumas propostas buscaram abordar as potencialidades da rede social, de forma a promover a aprendizagem de diferentes maneiras; contudo, outras apresentaram modos de usar a rede para a divulgação de informações ou ainda como inspiração para a elaboração de material que representaria alguma ferramenta da rede social.
FORMAÇÃO DE PROFESSORES E ANÁLISE DE TRAJETÓRIAS SOCIAIS: POSSIBILIDADES A PARTIR DE PIERRE BOURDIEU
Authors: Knoblauch Adriane , Lopes Luana , Santana Izabel Jensen
Published: September 2021

O objetivo do artigo é propor uma possibilidade metodológica para as pesquisas sobre formação de professores que se fundamentam na teoria praxiológica de Pierre Bourdieu, por meio da noção de trajetória. A discussão se justifica pelo incremento que tem havido nas últimas décadas nos estudos sobre formação de professores que utilizam depoimentos escritos, orais e história de vida de professores. Por outro lado, Pierre Bourdieu tem sido referência de muitos trabalhos na área educacional e no campo sobre formação de professores. Dessa forma, o texto sintetiza os apontamentos de Bourdieu sobre a ilusão biográfica e destaca a opção pelo uso da noção de trajetória social, que tem como recurso de análise a comparação entre a trajetória modal e as trajetórias individuais, para adensamento das pesquisas sobre formação e prática de professores.
Farmers’ Perception of the Feasibility of Mithun (Bos frontalis) Farming and its Constraints in Nagaland, India
Authors: Biam Kamni P. , Bardhan D. , Devi L. Sunitibala , Khate K. , Mitra Abhijit
Published: September 2021

The present study was conducted on a sample of 126 mithun farmers randomly drawn from three districts of Nagaland to assess the perception of the farmers regarding the feasibility of mithun farming and its constraints that can contribute to a better understanding of the mithun production systems and its declining population in Nagaland. The farmer’s perception of the feasibility of mithun farming and its constraints was measured using a 3 and 5 point continuum Likert scale, respectively, drawing various inferences based on the respondents’ responses. A low mean perception score (MPS) of 1.06, reveals that the majority (99.21%) of the respondents are in disagreement with the statement that mithun farming is not profitable. Mithun farming according to them is very profitable which needs the right hand-holding support from financial institutions for the exploitation of its marketable potential. Due to the lack of institutional efforts in promoting mithun rearing as bankable and insured schemes, 99.21 percent of farmers held a strong perception (MPS=2.98) that mithun farming, in the long run, may not be feasible and may result in discontinuity of mithun farming in some villages. Also, the high cost of inputs for fencing (Mean value=3.91) and constant predator attack on the animal particularly the young calves (Mean value= 3.88) renders mithun farming difficult with the existing system of rearing. The findings indicate that though mithun farming is profitable, there is a strong need to promote a scientific and alternative semi-intensive method of mithun rearing and encourage the diversified use of mithun for meat, milk, hide, and draught potential to stop the slaughter of mithun for table purpose only. Therefore, considering the socio-cultural linkages of the tribes with the mithun proper strategies and policies are essential for its conservation.
Estimation of Executive Extension Needs of Rural Women in the Field of Rationalizing Food Consumption Using Broach's
Authors: Saleh Jasim Mohammed , Alhamoly Adel Ibrahim
Published: September 2021

Empowering rural women and girls is not only a fundamental need for agricultural development but also one of the most prominent components of social and economic progress and sustainable development in general. Search data gathered through the questionnaire, the interview with 120 properly addressed, after compiling the data are encoded and discharged and scheduling to fit the statistical analysis methods used, and used some appropriate statistical methods as a percentage, arithmetic mean, standard deviation, as well as using frequency tables to display data, use the SPSS program. The variable was measured for the indicative requirements using equation Borich's needs assessment guidelines. The parent survey results that most rural women aged boys with active level by 59.2%, and education level between a medium and illiteracy, for the exposure to mass media level was low by 76.7%. The most of the sources of information were from Mother of husband by 80%. In conclusion the need to utilize the remaining food through several smaller units to take advantage of it to make a new meal, so they must diversify its sources of information and guidance for the purpose of upgrading rural women to benefit from food waste.
Admission Patterns in the Children’s Emergency Room of Enugu State University Teaching Hospital, during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: I. K. Ndu , I. N. Asinobi , O. C. Nduagubam
Published: September 2021

Aims: This study aimed to compare the difference in admission rates and severity of illness in 2019 and during the peak time period of the global SARS-CoV-2 pandemic of 2020 in children presenting at the Children’s emergency room (CHER) of Enugu State University Teaching Hospital, Enugu.

Study Design: This was a cross-sectional study.

Place and Duration of Study: Children’s emergency room (CHER) of Enugu State University Teaching Hospital, Enugu, from June 1 to August 31, 2019 and 2020 were reviewed, respectively.

Methodology: The admission records of all the children that were admitted into CHER of Enugu State University Teaching Hospital (ESUTH), Enugu, over a three-month period from June 1 to August 31, 2019 and 2020 respectively were reviewed.

Results: A total of 310 and 184 patients were seen during the study period for 2019 and 2020, respectively (40.6% decrease). A significant number of patients spent two days on admission in the children’s emergency room in 2020 than in 2019 (P < .001). Emergency admissions were 3 times more in year 2020 than in year 2019 (OR = 2.624, 95% C.I = 1.797 – 3.833, P < .001).

Conclusion: Although this study reported decreased emergency room admissions, there was an increase in the mortality rate and emergency presentations.
Geophysical Delineation of Barite-Galena Mineralization Using Coupled Electrical Resistivity (ER) and Induced Polarization (IP) Techniques. A Case Study of Iyamitet, Cross River State, South-South, Nigeria
Authors: Airen O. J. , Babaiwa D. A.
Published: September 2021

A combined Electrical Resistivity (ER) and Induced Polarization (IP) techniques were carried out at Iyamitet, Cross-River State Nigeria with the aim of mapping the Barite-Galena mineralization zone within the area. Five traverses were established in orthogonal directions with length of 100 m. The traverses were established in grid format for better coverage of the study area and Dipole-Dipole electrode configuration was adopted for the data acquisition for both ER and IP. Res2Dinvx software was employed for the joint inversion of the data and the resulting 2D resistivity and chargeability images of the subsurface were interpreted qualitatively and semi-quantitatively to locate the mineralized zone. The result of the investigation revealed that the resistivity values of the suspected mineralized zones fall between 1023 ohm-m to 377599 ohm-m and the chargeability falls between 232 msec and 727 msec. The depth to the top of some of the mineralized zones is as shallow as 1.25 m and as deep as 19.8 m in other places. The results of the investigation have indicated the presence of the Barite-Galena ore within the area and this manifested as high resistivity and high chargeability zones along the traverses. The result of this investigation highlights the efficiency of combined geophysical techniques in locating mineralized zones in a basement area.
A Personalized Multifunctional 3D Printed Shape Memory‐Displaying, Drug Releasing Tracheal Stent
Authors: Maity Nabasmita , Mansour Nicola , Chakraborty Priyadarshi , Bychenko Darya , Gazit Ehud , Cohn Daniel
Published: September 2021

The ability to engineer custom‐made medical devices and to implant them minimally invasively are two important trends in modern surgery. The personalization of the device is achieved by 3D printing it, while the capacity to deploy it minimally invasively harnesses the shape memory behavior displayed by the inks used. This study introduces a 3D printed, shape memory‐displaying tracheal stent based on novel, flexible photo‐polymerizable inks comprising polypropylene glycol/polycaprolactone triblocks. This research introduces the in situ welding strategy, whereby thin and flexible layers of the stent are separately printed, sequentially deployed, and then welded together at the tracheal site. By doing so, the insertion profile of the device is dramatically reduced and its flexibility largely increased. Porous stents are 3D printed seeking to prevent mucus plugging. By combining more than one ink, their properties are further fine‐tuned. Polyethylene glycol chains are covalently bonded to the stent surface to minimize biofilm formation, an important drawback of current tracheal stents. The in vitro cell viability and cell adhesion behavior of the treated surfaces reveal their compatibility and anti‐adhesive behavior. In order to prevent implant‐related infections, ciprofloxacin is added to the ink, and released in vitro over time, rendering the stent with antibacterial activity.
Approaching Nearly 40% External Quantum Efficiency in Organic Light Emitting Diodes Utilizing a Green Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Emitter with an Extended Linear Donor–Acceptor–Donor Structure
Authors: Chen Yang , Zhang Dongdong , Zhang Yuewei , Zeng Xuan , Huang Tianyu , Liu Ziyang , Li Guomeng , Duan Lian
Published: September 2021

Thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) emitters featuring preferential horizontal emitting dipole orientation (EDO) are in urgent demand for enhanced optical outcoupling efficiency in organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs). However, simultaneously manipulating EDO and optoelectronic properties remains a formidable challenge. Here, an extended linear D–A–D structure with both enlarged donor (D) and acceptor (A) π‐systems is established, not only elaborately manipulating parallel horizontal molecular orientation and EDO along its long axis by multi‐driving‐forces for a high horizontal dipole ratio (Θ//), but also delocalizing distribution of frontier energy levels for optimized electronic properties. The proof‐of‐the‐concept emitter simultaneously affords a high Θ// of 92%, a high photoluminescence quantum yield of 95%, and a fast reverse intersystem crossing rate of 1.16 × 106 s‐1. The corresponding OLED achieves a champion maximum external quantum efficiency of 39.1% among all green TADF devices without any external light‐extraction techniques, together with a maximum power efficiency of 112.0 lm W‐1 and alleviated efficiency roll‐off. These findings may inspire even better full‐color TADF emitters that push the device efficiency toward the theoretical limits.
Singlet Oxygen “Afterglow” Therapy with NIR‐II Fluorescent Molecules
Authors: Zou Jianhua , Li Ling , Zhu Jianwei , Li Xiangchun , Yang Zhen , Huang Wei , Chen Xiaoyuan
Published: September 2021

Improving singlet oxygen (1O2) lifespan by fractionated delivery in dark and hypoxic conditions is a better way to achieve enhanced phototherapeutic efficacy. Herein, three boron dipyrromethene (BODIPY) dyes are synthesized to demonstrate that anthracence‐functionalized BODIPY, namely ABDPTPA is an efficient heavy‐atom‐free photosensitizer for the reversible capture and release of 1O2. The spin–orbit charge‐transfer intersystem crossing of ABDPTPA promises a high 1O2 quantum yield of 60% in dichloromethane. Under light irradiation, the anthracene group reacts with 1O2 to produce endoperoxide. Interestingly, after termination of irradiation, the endoperoxide undergoes thermal cycloreversion to produce 1O2, and regenerates the anthracene module to achieve 1O2 “afterglow,” which results in a prolonged half lifetime of 1O2 for 9.2 min. In vitro cytotoxicity assays indicate that ABDPTPA nanoparticles have a low half‐maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 3.6 µg mL−1 on U87MG cells. Further, the results of near‐infrared‐II fluorescence‐imaging‐guided phototherapy indicate that ABDPTPA nanoparticles can inhibit tumor proliferation even at a low dose (200 µg mL−1, 100 µL) without any side effects. Therefore, the study provides a generalized 1O2 “afterglow” strategy to enhance phototheranostics for complete tumor regression.
Efficient and Stable CsPbI3 Inorganic Perovskite Photovoltaics Enabled by Crystal Secondary Growth
Authors: Wang Xingtao , Wang Yong , Chen Yuetian , Liu Xiaomin , Zhao Yixin
Published: September 2021

Defect‐triggered phase degradation is generally considered as the main issue that causes phase instability and limited device performance for CsPbI3 inorganic perovskites. Here, a defect compensation in CsPbI3 perovskite through crystal secondary growth of inorganic perovskites is demonstrated, and highly efficient inorganic photovoltaics are realized. This secondary growth is achieved by a solid‐state reaction between a bromine salt and defective CsPbI3 perovskite. Upon solid‐state reaction, the Br− ions can diffuse over the entire CsPbI3 perovskite layer to heal the undercoordinated Pb2+ and conduct certain solid‐state I/Br ion exchange reaction, while the organic cations can potentially heal the Cs+ cation vacancies through coupling with [PbI6]4− octahedra. The carrier dynamics confirm that this crystal secondary growth can realize defect compensation in CsPbI3. The as‐achieved defect‐compensated CsPbI3 not only improves the charge dynamics but also enhances the photoactive phase stability. Finally, the CsPbI3‐based solar cell delivers 20.04% efficiency with excellent operational stability. Overall, this work proposes a novel concept of defect compensation in inorganic perovskites through crystal secondary growth induced by solid‐state reaction that is promising for various optoelectronic applications.
Ultrafast Interlayer Charge Separation, Enhanced Visible‐Light Absorption, and Tunable Overpotential in Twisted Graphitic Carbon Nitride Bilayers for Water Splitting
Authors: Zhang Xirui , Wu Tong , Yu Chao , Lu Ruifeng
Published: September 2021

Moiré pattern superlattice formed by 2D van der Waals layered structures have attracted great attention for diverse applications. In experiments, the enhancement of catalytic performance in twisted bilayer systems is reported while its mechanism remains unclear. From high‐accuracy first‐principles and time‐dependent ab initio nonadiabatic molecular dynamics calculations, ultrafast interlayer charge transfer within 120 fs, excellent charge separation, improved visible‐light absorption, and satisfactory overpotentials for the hydrogen evolution and oxygen evolution reactions in twisted graphitic carbon nitride (g‐C3N4) bilayers are found, which are beneficial to photocatalytic, photo‐electrocatalytic, or electrocatalytic water splitting. This work provides insightful guidance to advanced nanocatalysis based on twisted layered materials.
The Cross‐Linking Mechanism and Applications of Catechol–Metal Polymer Materials
Authors: Yan Guihua , Chen Gaofeng , Peng Zhiqing , Shen Zhiliang , Tang Xing , Sun Yong , Zeng Xianhai , Lin Lu
Published: September 2021

Catechol plays an important role in many systems by interacting with organic (e.g., amino acids) and inorganic (e.g., metal ions, metal oxides) compounds. Catechol cross‐linked polymer networks exhibit significant mechanical strength, good adhesiveness, and life‐like characteristics. Recently, catechol–metal coordination materials have aroused increasing interest in multifunctional applications. Numerous influential studies have demonstrated that the type of metal ions and the structure of phenolic (such as natural phenolic (e.g., tannic acid, gallic acid, and lignin) or synthetic catechol‐containing polymers) play important roles in the formation of catechol–metal coordination complexes. Although catechol–metal‐based materials have been successfully prepared, the cross‐linking chemistry between catechol and metal ions is still an important topic. To achieve catechol–metal‐based materials with controllable and superior performance like living organisms, an in‐depth understanding of the cross‐linking mechanism is crucial. This review summarizes some studies on the coordination of catechol–metal‐based materials, as well as the chemical mechanism behind the cross‐linking of metal ions and catechol‐containing molecules. The pathways and parameters that can affect the cross‐linking are also discussed. Their advanced applications in the energy strategy, environmental filtration, biomedical, mechanical, adhesive, and some emerging fields, together with the current trends are also explored.
Enhancement of Mobility and Modulation of Carrier Concentration in Graphene Field‐Effect Transistors via Molecular Doping
Authors: Xu Lei , Ni I‐Chih , Chao Yi‐Ping , Jiang Tian‐Jing , Chen Mei‐Hsin , Wu Chih‐I
Published: September 2021

This study demonstrates a molecular doping method by physical vapor molecule adsorption using several functional group compounds. Among these dopants, the amine groups include o‐phenylene diamine (OPD), diethylenetriamine (DETA), and tetraethylenepentamine (TEPA); the hydroxyl groups include phenol, catechol, and tetraglycol. A positive correlation between the doping level and the number of functional groups is confirmed in this study. Additionally, it is found that the spatial structure of the dopant molecule is another determinant factor affecting the doping degree and mobility. Thus, the planar dopants with an aromatic ring can be easily rearranged to maximize the interaction with graphene, resulting in a stronger p‐doping effect. The work function of graphene is efficiently tuned from 4.3 to 3.83 eV for TEPA‐doped graphene and to 4.73 eV for catechol‐doped graphene. Molecules with alkyl chains (DETA and tetraglycol) act as compensators that partially neutralize the randomly charged impurity centers in the substrate, increasing the graphene electron mobility from 3068 to 9700 cm2 V–1 s–1 and the hole mobility from 3161 to 3650 cm2 V–1 s–1 compared with that of pristine graphene.
CsPbBr3 Nanocrystal Induced Bilateral Interface Modification for Efficient Planar Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Zhang Jianjun , Wang Linxi , Jiang Chenhui , Cheng Bei , Chen Tao , Yu Jiaguo
Published: September 2021

Organic‐inorganic halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have drawn tremendous attention owing to their remarkable photovoltaic performance and simple preparation process. However, conventional wet‐chemical synthesis methods inevitably create defects both in the bulk and at the interfaces of perovskites, leading to recombination of charge carriers and reduced stability. Herein, a bilateral interface modification to perovskites by doping room‐temperature synthesized CsPbBr3 nanocrystals (CN) is reported. The ultrafast transient absorption measurement reveals that CN effectively suppresses the defect at the SnO2/perovskite interface and boosts the interfacial electron transport. Meanwhile, the in situ Kelvin probe force microscopy and contact potential difference characterizations verify that the CN within the upper part of the perovskites enhances the built‐in electric field, facilitating oriented migration of the carriers within the perovskite. Combining the superiorities of CN modifiers on both sides, the bilaterally modified CH3NH3PbI3‐based planar PSCs exhibit optimal power conversion efficiency exceeding 20% and improved device stability.
Significance of intra/post‐operative prognostic scoring system in hepatectomy for colorectal liver metastases
Authors: Furukawa Kenei , Onda Shinji , Yanagaki Mitsuru , Taniai Tomohiko , Hamura Ryoga , Haruki Koichiro , Shirai Yoshihiro , Tsunematsu Masashi , Sakamoto Taro , Ikegami Toru
Published: September 2021

Aim

The prognostic impact of postoperative systemic inflammatory response using an intra/post‐operative prognostic scoring system in patients with colorectal liver metastases (CRLM) after hepatic resection had never been investigated previously.

Methods

In total, 149 patients who underwent hepatic resection for CRLM were analyzed retrospectively. Intra/post‐operative prognostic scoring was performed using the postoperative modified Glasgow Prognostic Score (mGPS) at the first visit, after discharge, or a month after surgery during hospitalization. We investigated the association between clinicopathologic variables and disease‐free survival or overall survival by univariate and multivariate analyses.

Results

The median evaluation period of postoperative mGPS was 30 (26‐36) days after hepatectomy. Seventy‐one patients (48%) were classified as postoperative day 30 mGPS 1 or 2. In multivariate analysis, an extrahepatic lesion (P = .02), multiple tumors (P = .05), and postoperative day 30 mGPS 1 or 2 (P < .01) were independent and significant predictors of disease‐free survival. Moreover, extrahepatic lesion (P = .04), and postoperative day 30 mGPS 1 or 2 (P = .02) were independent and significant predictors for overall survival. Patients with postoperative day 30 mGPS 1 or 2 had significantly more advanced tumors, more invasive surgery, and more chances of infectious postoperative complications than those with postoperative day 30 mGPS 0.

Conclusion

Postoperative systemic inflammatory response, as evidenced by intra/post‐operative prognostic scoring system using postoperative day 30 mGPS, was a strong predictor for outcomes in patients who underwent liver resection for CRLM.
Self‐Powered and Interface‐Independent Tactile Sensors Based on Bilayer Single‐Electrode Triboelectric Nanogenerators for Robotic Electronic Skin
Authors: Lin Yucheng , Duan Shengshun , Zhu Di , Li Yinghui , Wang Binghao , Wu Jun
Published: September 2021

Self‐powered flexible tactile sensors based on triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) can be of use in the development of robotic intellisense and interaction. Such sensors typically use triboelectronegative material as top layer, requiring contacting and separating with specific interface material to operate, and may result in suboptimal performance under practical conditions. Herein, a self‐powered interface‐independent tactile sensor array that is based on bilayer single‐electrode TENGs is reported. By integrating both triboelectronegative and triboelectropositive layers in the structure, the sensor overcomes the material restriction of top layer and could sense applied pressure from any material. Furthermore, a 5 × 5 sensor array is fabricated to realize the detection of contact point and the recognition of trajectory. Last, the sensor array is successfully implemented as electronic skin (e‐skin) in a robotic hand for tactile sensing and human–machine interaction. In this regard, it can be envisioned that such tactile sensors possess a promising application in intelligent robots including robotic e‐skin and artificial intelligence.
Manganese‐catalyzed amination reactions: An overview
Authors: Farzana Rahim , Radhika Sankaran , Saranya Salim , Anilkumar Gopinathan
Published: September 2021

As the nitrogen‐containing compounds have broad scope in biological, pharmaceutical, drug delivery, and material science, the C–N bond formation has vital role in synthetic chemistry. To provide a path for the inclusion of nitrogen in organic molecules, a facile establishment of C–N bonds is crucial. Manganese being inexpensive, nontoxic, and earth abundant is found to be a perfect catalyst to carry out amination, instead of using harsh reaction conditions or toxic metal catalysts. Herein, we discuss the manganese‐catalyzed amination reactions focusing on various manganese based catalysts for the C–N bond formation and covers the literature until 2020.
DNA binding, cleavage, docking, biological and kinetic studies of Cr(III), Fe(III), Co(II) and Cu(II) complexes with ortho‐vanillin Schiff base derivative
Authors: Bengi Kavitha , Maddikayala Sravanthi , Pulimamidi Saritha Reddy
Published: September 2021

2‐((4‐Hydroxyphenylimino)methyl)‐6‐methoxyphenol ligand was synthesized by refluxing 2‐hydroxy‐3‐methoxybenzaldehyde with p‐aminophenol in 1:1 molar ratio. A series of transition metal complexes with the synthesized ligand OVAP, [Cr(OVAP)2] (1), [Fe(OVAP)2] (2), [Co(OVAP)2] (3) and [Cu(OVAP)2] (4) is reported. Characterisation of the complexes by sophisticated analytical techniques revealed the geometry around central metal ion to be octahedral for 1, 2 and 3 complexes and complex 4 with square planar geometry. Kinetic parameters of the complexes were estimated by Coats–Redfern method, and the complexes were found to be thermally stable. DNA binding affinity of these metal complexes was explored by means of fluorescence, ultraviolet (UV)–visible and viscosity studies and the studies suggested intercalative mode. The Kb values from the absorption studies are 2.98 × 105, 2.16 × 105, 4.66 × 105 and 5.46 × 105 M−1 and Ksv values from fluorescence studies are 3.79 × 104, 2.14 × 104, 4.92 × 104 and 6.47 × 104 M−1 for 1, 2, 3 and 4 complexes, respectively. Nuclease studies in the presence of H2O2 were performed using pUC19 supercoiled DNA. Docking studies were done using human DNA topoisomerase‐I (DNA topoI) receptor protein. Biological studies revealed higher activity for complexes than the ligand, and in vitro antitumour studies showed that complexes 3 and 4 possess potential inhibitory efficiency with an IC50 of 42.32 ± 0.5 and 38.12 ± 1.2 μg/ml correspondingly.
The influence of the type and size of the reactor and the influence of the heating interruption during curing on the solid composite propellant properties
Authors: Da Cunha Bruno Cesar Christo , Rocco Jose Atilio Fritz Fidel
Published: September 2021

The solid composite propellant is a viscoelastic material that retains the treatment received during its all‐useful life. As a result, its manufacturing conditions induce differences in its final mechanical properties. The present study aims to evaluate the influence of the type and size of the reactor and the effects of the heating interruption during curing on the final mechanical properties of the propellant. Thus, four production processes with identical propellant formulations were performed in four different reactors. One of them was vertical, while the others were horizontal reactors. The heating interruption during curing was performed in 10 samples, at different moments of the curing process and with different duration. The study determines that vertical reactors tend to produce propellants less rigid than those produced in the horizontal type. In addition, the bigger the reactor size, the less rigid the propellant becomes. Finally, the heating interruptions at the beginning of the curing process tend to be insignificant. However, when they occur in an advanced stage of the curing process, they tend to hinder the curing progress, being more significant for interruptions of medium duration.
Nintedanib in Patients With Systemic Sclerosis–Associated Interstitial Lung Disease: Subgroup Analyses by Autoantibody Status and Modified Rodnan Skin Thickness Score
Authors: Kuwana Masataka , Allanore Yannick , Denton Christopher P. , Distler Jörg H. W. , Steen Virginia , Khanna Dinesh , Matucci‐Cerinic Marco , Mayes Maureen D. , Volkmann Elizabeth R. , Miede Corinna , Gahlemann Martina , Quaresma Manuel , Alves Margarida , Distler Oliver
Published: September 2021

Objective

Using data from the SENSCIS trial, these analyses were undertaken to assess the effects of nintedanib versus placebo in subgroups of patients with systemic sclerosis–associated interstitial lung disease (SSc‐ILD), based on characteristics previously identified as being associated with the progression of SSc‐ILD.

Methods

Patients with SSc‐ILD were randomized to receive either nintedanib or placebo, stratified by anti–topoisomerase I antibody (ATA) status. We assessed the rate of decline in forced vital capacity (FVC) (expressed in ml/year) over 52 weeks in subgroups based on baseline ATA status, modified Rodnan skin thickness score (MRSS) (<18 versus ≥18), and SSc subtype (limited cutaneous SSc [lcSSc] versus diffuse cutaneous SSc [dcSSc]).

Results

At baseline, 60.8% of 576 patients who received treatment with either nintedanib or placebo were positive for ATA, 51.9% had dcSSc, and 77.5% of 574 patients with MRSS data available had an MRSS of <18. The effect of nintedanib versus placebo on reducing the rate of decline in FVC (ml/year) was numerically more pronounced in ATA‐negative patients compared to ATA‐positive patients (adjusted difference in the rate of FVC decline, 57.2 ml/year [95% confidence interval (95% CI) –3.5, 118.0] versus 29.9 ml/year [95% CI –19.1, 78.8]), in patients with a baseline MRSS ≥18 compared to those with a baseline MRSS of <18 (adjusted difference in the rate of FVC decline, 88.7 ml/year [95% CI 7.7, 169.8] versus 26.4 ml/year [95% CI –16.8, 69.6]), and in patients with dcSSc compared to those with lcSSc (adjusted difference in the rate of FVC decline, 56.6 ml/year [95% CI 3.2, 110.0] versus 25.3 ml/year [95% CI –28.9, 79.6]). However, all exploratory interaction P values were nonsignificant (all P > 0.05), indicating that there was no heterogeneity in the effect of nintedanib versus placebo between these subgroups of patients.

Conclusion

In patients with SSc‐ILD, reduction in the annual rate of decline in FVC among patients receiving nintedanib compared to those receiving placebo was not found to be heterogenous across subgroups based on ATA status, MRSS, or SSc subtype.