bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ASSOCIATION BETWEEN BRCA1 POLYMORPHISMS AND BREAST CANCER IN SAARC COUNTRIES
Authors: Abid Amna , Aziz Ishrat
Published: February 2022

BRCA1 gene is highly contributed gene developing the breast cancer especially in female. Breast cancer is most prevalent cancer in South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) countries and risk of developing the breast cancer is now increasing rapidly. It was observed that in these countries breast cancer often develops at younger age of 30-45 years. The prevalence and the contribution of BRCA1 variations are totally different among these countries and studies. Due to the difference in genetics and epidemiology, risk factors result from ethnic differences in breast cancer. Variations of BRCA1 gene account for small study samples but the higher contributor variation of BRCA1 gene accounts with strong family history. Three BRCA1 variations (185delAG, 4184del4 and 3889delAG) are well considered in Pakistan and India. The objective of present study was to reveal the contribution of BRCA1 gene among breast cancer patients in SAARC countries. In this review, the data was collected from 8 participating SAARC countries (Pakistan, India, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, Nepal, Maldives, Bhutan and Afghanistan). Totally 25 articles were selected from these countries. Additionally review articles were also studied for better assessment. The study presents the review on different studies of BRCA1 gene association with breast cancer.
DISTRIBUTION OF DRUG SENSITIVE TUBERCULOSIS BY SEX, AGE GROUPS AND TYPE OF DISEASE IN DS-TB POPULATION OF DISTRICT D.I.KHAN, PAKISTAN
Authors: Khan Abshar , Hussain Altaf , Wahab Mubashir , Rehman Abdur , Latif Shah Abdul , Naqvi Syed Wasif Ali , Farooq Mamoon , Zubair Muhammad
Published: February 2022

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is the 10th leading cause of death globally and is leading cause of death from a single infectious disease. The objectives of our study were to determine the distribution of drug sensitive tuberculosis (DS-TB) by sex, age groups and type of disease in DS-TB population of District D.I.Khan, Pakistan.Materials Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Department of Community Medicine, Gomal Medical College, D.I.Khan, Pakistan from January 5, 2021 to January 25, 2021. The data of 3,916 patients was retrieved from District Health Office, D.I.Khan for the period from January 1, 2019 to December 31, 2020. Sex, age groups and type of disease were categorical variables and analyzed by count and percentage with CI at 95%CL. Distribution of DR-TB by sex, age groups and type of disease was analyzed separately by chi-square goodness-of-fit test at alpha .05. Results: Out of 3,916 patients with DS-TB, women 2,110 (53.88%, 95% CI 52.32-55.44) were more than men 1,806 (46.12%, 95%CI 44.55-47.67), with most common age group of 15-44 years 1,948 (49.74%, 95%CI 48.17-51.31), and with more pulmonary 2,877 (73.47%, 95%CI 72.08-74.85%) than extrapulmonary 1,039 (26.53%, 95%CI 25.14-27.91) cases. Our observed prevalence of DS-TB in men was lower 46.12% than expected 51.72% and in women it was higher 53.88% than expected 48.28% (p.00001). Our observed distribution of DS-TB in different age groups was not similar to expected (p.00001). Our observed prevalence of pulmonary TB was lower 73.47% than expected 80.35% and in extrapulmonary TB it was higher 26.53% than expected 19.65% (p.00001).Conclusions: Drug sensitive tuberculosis was more common in women than men in DS-TB population of District D.I.Khan, Pakistan. It was highest in age group 15-44 years and higher for pulmonary TB than extrapulmonary TB. Our observed prevalence in men was lower than expected and in women it was higher than expected. Our observed prevalence for drug sensitive TB in various age groups was different than expected. Our observed prevalence for pulmonary TB was lower than expected and for extrapulmonary TB it was higher than expected.
PREVALENCE OF MATERNAL NEAR-MISS AND MATERNAL MORTALITY, THEIR DISTRIBUTION BY GESTATION AND GRAVIDITY AND CAUSES IN WOMEN WITH LIVE BIRTHS IN DISTRICT PESHAWAR, PAKISTAN
Authors: Rafiq Sonia , Yasmin Sumaira , Liaqat Nazia , Shams Ghazala
Published: February 2022

Background: Maternal near-miss (MNM) and maternal mortality (MM) are indicators for quality of health care system. The objectives of our study were to determine prevalence of MNM and MM and their distribution by gestation and gravidity and their causes in women with live births population of District Peshawar, Pakistan.Material Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Lady Reading Hospital, Peshawar, Pakistan from January 2017 to June 2017. From assumed population of 185,676 pregnant women in District Peshawar, 10% prevalence of MNM, 1.0448% margin of error and 95%CL, sample size was calculated 3,115. All women with live birth were eligible. Presence of MNM and MM, causes of MNM and MM, gestational age and gravidity were six variables. Being nominal, all were analysed by count and ratio or percentage with 80%CI. MNM Ratio was calculated per 1,000 live births and MM Ratio per 100,000 live births.Results: Out of 3,115 women with live births, MNM cases were 494 with MNMR 158.59/1,000 (80%CI 150.19-166.97) and MM cases were 16 with MMR 513.64/100,000 population (95%CI 349.50-677.78). There were 232 MNM cases in ≤28 weeks and 262 in 28 weeks gestational age with similar MNMR between these groups. There were 244 MNM cases in primigravida and 250 in multigravida with similar MNMR between these groups. There were five MM cases in ≤28 weeks and 11 in 28 weeks gestational age with similar MMR between these groups. There were five MM cases in primigravida and 11 in multigravida with similar MMR between these groups as their CIs are overlapping. Haemorrhage was most common cause for MNM in 365 (11.7175%) cases and for MM in 8 (0.2568%) cases.Conclusion: The maternal near-miss ratio (MNMR) and maternal mortality ratio (MMR) are relatively higher in population of District, Peshawar, Pakistan. MNMR and MMR both have similar prevalence in ≤28 weeks and in 28 weeks gestational age groups and also similar in primigravida and in multigravida groups. Haemorrhage (antepartum and postpartum) was most common cause both for maternal near-miss (MNM) and maternal mortality (MM).
DISTRIBUTION OF ACTIVE HEPATITIS C INFECTED POPULATION BY SEX AND AGE GROUPS IN DISTRICT D.I.KHAN, PAKISTAN
Authors: Ullah Imran , Khan Nisar , Khan Zakirullah , Khan Fahim Ullah , Khan Abdurrehman , Rehman Shafaat Ur
Published: February 2022

Background: Untreated hepatitis C virus infection is major cause of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma causing significant morbidity and mortality. Our objectives were to determine distribution of active hepatitis C infected population by sex and age groups in District D.I.Khan, Pakistan.Materials Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at District Health Office, D.I.Khan, Pakistan from 25 April 2021 to 12 May 2021. Data was collected for period from 11 February 2017 to 22 April 2021. 1062 active hepatitis C infected cases were selected from population at risk consecutively. Sex (nominal) and age groups (ordinal) were variables. Distribution was analyzed by count, percentage and confidence intervals for proportion for population. Hypotheses for distribution were substantiated by chi-square goodness-of-fit test.Results: Out of 1062 active hepatitis C infected population, 569 (53.58%) were men 493 (46.42%) women, and 51 (4.80%) in age group 0-20 years, 433 (40.77%) in 21-40, 476 (44.82%) in 41-60 102 (9.61%) in 60 years. Our distribution by sex (p.00001) and age groups (p.00001) was different than expected.Conclusion: In our study, active hepatitis C infection was more common in men than women and most common in age group 41-60 years, followed by 21-40, 60 0-20 years. Our observed prevalence of active hepatitis C infection in men was lower than expected in women it was higher than expected. Our observed prevalence of active hepatitis C infection in the four age groups was not similar to expected.
A CASE OF NEONATAL OSTEOMYELITIS
Authors: Gopikrishnan Kalathil Gopalakrishna Pillai , Chandher Kalaivanan Naveen , Jagadeeswari Selvakumar
Published: February 2022

Acute hematogenous osteomyelitis of neonatal origin is very rare in clinical studies. Early diagnosis and treatment are important to decrease the morbidity. The aim is to provide a reference case for medical practitioners for early diagnosis and treatment of cases like this with symptoms, signs, blood investigations, radiological studies and blood culture outcomes. There have not been any adverse sequelae after effective antibiotic therapy. Timely diagnosis and management of neonatal osteomyelitis are of significant importance.
CONGENITAL MALARIA IN A NEONATE
Authors: Gopikrishnan Kalathil Gopalakrishna Pillai , Chandher Kalaivanan Naveen , Jagadeeswari Selvakumar
Published: February 2022

Congenital malaria isn’t common even though malaria is endemic in India. Here, we will be reporting about a neonate of age seven days with splenomegaly and fever diagnosed as congenital malaria. On smear study it was found to have malarial parasite incidentally. In a case of neonatal sepsis congenital malaria can be suspected. Early diagnosis and treatment is thus important in preventing neonatal mortality.
MIMICKING LYMPHADENOPATHY
Authors: Manohar Arvindh , Manimekalai Periyasamy
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACTAmong patients with malignancy affecting organs like uterus, breast, stomach, lungs or lymphomas, Sarcoid-like granulomas can often occur. Some tumours like Hodgkin's and non Hodgkin lymphoma have shown such reactions. In parallel, HL is widely distorted by cell-mediated immunity, so immunodeficiency can lead to infections, mainly viral infections due to Epstein-Barr virus, herpes, cytomegalovirus and species of Mycobacterium infections like Tuberculosis could manifest
THROMBOTIC MICROANGIOPATHIC HEMOLYTIC ANEMIA IN SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS IN A 25 YEARS OLD FEMALE IN CHENNAI, INDIA
Authors: Periyasamy Manimekalai , Bharathi Pon Divya , Vinatha Mullangi Chenchu
Published: February 2022

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune condition, affecting multiple organs and tissues by autoantibodies and immune complexes. Hematologic manifestations of SLE include anemia, thrombocytopenia and leukopenia. The most common type of anemia seen in SLE is anemia of chronic disease. Thrombotic microangiopathic hemolytic anemia (TMHA) in SLE is very rare. Incidence of TMHA in children with SLE is common compared to adult cases of SLE. Manifestations of TMHA include presence of schistocytes in the peripheral smear, elevated bilirubin levels, elevated LDH and negative coombs test. This case report focuses on 25-year-old female diagnosed concomitantly with SLE and TMHA, and treated with steroids, blood transfusions, megakaryocyte growth factors and antibiotics.
PREVALENCE OF ASYMPTOMATIC BACTERIURIA AND ITS DISTRIBUTION BY SEX AND AGE GROUPS IN CHILDREN COMING FOR ROUTINE IMMUNIZATION IN DISTRICT PESHAWAR, PAKISTAN
Authors: Afridi Jahanzeb Khan , Karim Rahida , Gul Hidayat , Afridi Mukhtiar Ahmad , Ibrahim Muhammad
Published: February 2022

Background: Asymptomatic bacteriuria (ASB) in not an uncommon disease in children. It may lead to symptomatic infection and later on renal damage. The objectives of this study were to determine the prevalence of ASB and its distribution by sex and age groups in children coming for routine immunization in District Peshawar, Pakistan.Material and methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Department of Pediatrics, Khyber Girls Medical College, Peshawar, Pakistan form March 2017 to August 2017. 146 children presenting for routine immunization were selected. Sex, age groups, age in years and presence of ASB were variables. Sex, age groups and presence of ASB were analyzed by count and percentage with 80%CL. Age in years was analyzed by mean, SD and range with 95%CI.Results: Out of 146 children, 65 (44.52%) were males and 81 (55.48%) females, and 51 (34.93%) in age group ≤3 years, 52 (35.62%) in 3.0-6.50 years and 43 (29.45%) in 6.51-10 years. Mean age of sample was 4.82±2.81 (09-9.50, range 8.60) (95%CI 4.36-5.28) years. ASB was found in 16 (10.96%) cases. Prevalence of ASB was higher 4.11% in boys than 6.856% girls. It was highest 6.85% in age group 3.0-6.50 years, followed by 2.74% in 6.51-10 years and 1.37% in age group ≤3.0 years.Conclusion: Asymptomatic Bacteriuria is quite common in our children. It is a significant health risk especially among females, and we suggest more studies to find out the underlying factors and follow up studies on its complications.
A Minimal Invasive Surgical Procedure (Window Technique) for the Management of Sambukavrata Bhagandara (Horseshoe Shape Fistula In Ano): A Case Report
Authors: Lokendra Pahadiya  , P. Hemantha Kumar  , Ashok Kumar  , Narinder Singh
Published: February 2022

Acharya Sushruta described about Bhagandara in detail and also mentioned about treatment modalities like Kshara Sutra therapy etc. along with Kricchsadhyata difficult to treat and Asadhyata not curable of the disease. Sambukavarta Bhagandara is a Tridoshaj Bhagandara and Sushruta mentioned it as Asadhyaya disease. In contemporary science Sambukavarta Bhagandara can be correlated with horse shoe shape fistula in ano and many treatment options are available to treat the fistula in ano but still it is very challenging to treat the fistula in ano due to high recurrence rate of the disease. In this case study A 62 year old male patient came to our OPD with the complaint of Boil in perianal region along with mild pain and pus discharge since 2 years. Patient was operated previously for the same complaints before one years at somewhere but it reoccur after some time. On examination patient was diagnosed as case of Sambukavarta Bhagandara or posterior Horse shoe shape fistula in ano. In this study patient was treated by Window technique (Minimal invasive surgical procedure) along with Kshara Sutra application under local anesthesia and the outcomes of this technique were very encouraging as it was less time consuming, reduce time of hospital stay, early return to work, less postoperative pain, minimal scar tissue and minimal chances of recurrence. Hence this study is conclude that Window technique is one of the best gold standard technique for the treatment of complicated or Horse shoe shape fistula in ano.
A Comparative Clinical Study of Two Varieties of Haritaki, Terminalia Chebula Retz. and Terminalia Pallida Brandis in Kaphaja Kasa
Authors: Kuppachi Anusha  , Bulusu Sitaram  , S.Pavan Kumar  , K.Suvarna
Published: February 2022

Kasa, is a disease effecting Pranavaha srotas. It may develop as an independent disease or may be a Lakshana associated to other disease or sometimes may develop as Upadrava of a disease. It is the one of the most prevalent disorder that is annoying the individual and resulting in the change of lifestyle nowadays. Many Ayurvedic drugs are mentioned for the treatment of Kasa, of which Haritaki is one of the drugs, which is easily available and used extensively for the treatment. The present clinical study was carried out to study the comparative role of two types of Haritaki, Terminalia chebula Retz. and Terminalia pallida Brandis. in relieving Kaphaja Kasa. The Clinical trial was conducted on 30 patients between the age group 16 to 60 years. The study is a randomized clinical study and the patients were divided into two groups; each group consisted of 15 patients. Group-A patients were treated with Churnam tablets prepared of Terminalia chebula Retz. and Group-B patients were treated with Churnam tablets prepared of Terminalia pallida Brandis., Hot water was advised as Anupana. The results were analyzed statistically. The analysis suggested that the Group-B were more effective than Group-A in reducing the signs and symptoms of Kaphaja Kasa.
Evaluation of Dosha Dushya Involvement and their Pattern in the Patients of Hyperthyroidism as per Principles of Ayurveda: A Review
Authors: Deepika Tewari  , Vimal Tewari
Published: February 2022

Ayurveda is most scientific ancient science that has been evolved to provide treatment to chronic and non-communicable diseases in all over world. Holistic approach of Ayurveda provide cure not only to the physical but to mental and spiritual body as well. Over the years, the valuable experiences of many physicians (Vaidyas) have been adding to this traditional method.
As the anatomical and physiological knowledge of the human body was not so accurate and update in old days so the exact structure and function of any structural and functional unit of body is not available in any classical Ayurvedic texts. The endocrine system is a group of glands that prepare and secretes chemical substances, hormones that control various body functions. Due to lack of exact knowledge of endocrine glands, these glands and its pathological induced disorders are not so precisely described in Ayurvedic lexicon. But by the different name, various pathological conditions described in Ayurveda have some resemblance with endocrinal diseases.
Hyperthyroidism is a condition in which the gland thyroid makes too much T4, T3, or both. The signs and symptoms of thyroid diseases may be compared to Ayurvedic diseases like Galganda, Atyagni, Bhasmaka and Atikarshya. Pitta vriddhi, Vata vriddhi and Kapha kshaya collectively is a condition that may be supposed to be similar to the symptoms of Hyperthyroidism and it may be substantiated by more and more study. This review may provide beneficial description on Ayurvedic view on Hyperthyroidism that may be further useful.
A Clinical Study to Evaluate the Effect of Gharshana Karma (Microdermabrasion) in Mukhdushika (Acne Vulgaris)
Authors: Anupama Thakur  , Rakesh Roshan
Published: February 2022

Ayurveda classic has mentioned various diseases. Mukhdushika is explained by Acharaya Shushrut in Nidansthan. It can be correlated with Acne vulgaris. Acne vulgaris is the most common skin disease of the youth especially in the puberty age. One of the most common complication of acne is scarring. It has been found to have a significant impact on their psychological well-being and has been associated with depression and suicidal ideation. Acne causes emotional upset and impact to the patient by disfiguring face and scarring skin. Gharshan karma with Samudraphen has been described in Astang Hridya. In the modern medical science this technique closely resembles microdermabration (MDA), which is a resurfacing technique. Aim: To study the efficacy and safety of microdermabration (MDA) in managing acne vulgaris at Skin Care Unit, R.G.G.P.G. Ayurvedic College, Paprola, Kangra (H.P.). Materials and Methods: Based on inclusion and exclusion criteria 30 patients with acne scars, who visited the hospital outdoor patient department were included in the study. All patients were treated with MDA for 12 sittings, 2 weeks apart. Results: Out of 30 patients, 1 (3%) patient got excellent improvement, 18 (60%) patient got good improvement, 10 (33.3%) patient got fair improvement and 1 (3%) patient got poor improvement.
A Clinical Study of Switrahara Churna in Switra (Vitiligo) as Lepa
Authors: P. Monu Rao  , CH. Sridurga  , K. Sathyaprabha
Published: February 2022

Switra can be compared with Vitiligo of contemporary science. Switra is a pigmentary disorder of great socio-medical importance and defined as, acquired, idiopathic, hypo melanosis of skin and hair. Aims and objectives: Therapeutic evaluation of Switrahara Churna on Switra. Materials and Methods: In present study, total 32 patients with signs and symptoms of Switra were selected from the OPD, Rasa Shastra and Bhaishjya Kalpana of S.V Ayurvedic hospital T.T.D Tirupati. Out of them 30 patients completed the course of treatment. Follow up was done every 15th day. The assessment criteria were Twak Swetata, Twak Rukshta, Kandu Daha Twak, Vivarnata and margins. Statistical analysis was carried out using “Analysis tool pack add-in of Microsoft Excel- 2019” and “Graph pad Prism Version- 7” by applying paired ‘t’- Test. Results: Among 30 patients, 18 patients (60%) had moderate improvement, 11 patients (36%) had marked improvement, 1 patient (3.33%) had mild improvement. Conclusion: The therapy in the form of Lepa i.e., Switrahara Churna is a safe and effective in the management of Switra.
Ayurvedic Management of Hydrosalpinx: A Case Report
Authors: K. Bharathi  , Khushboo Jha  , Pushpalatha B  , Poonam Choudhury
Published: February 2022

Infertility is caused by different factors like ovulatory, endometrial, tubal factors etc., and tubal factors are more responsible for infertility in patients of chronic pelvic inflammatory disease. Among the Garbha Sambhava Samagri, tubal factors come under Kshetra Vikriti. The present article a case report of female with primary infertility with the involvement of bilateral hydrosalpinx is presented. A female patient aged about 27 years approached the OPD of Prasutitanntra and Striroga department, Arogyashala of National Institute of Ayurveda, Jaipur. Her initial complaints were severe pain before the onset of menstruation, intermittent on and off pain in left inguinal region, scanty menstruation and primary infertility. She was found to have huge hydrosalpinx in her USG findings. So treatment was planned accordingly and she was treated with Ayurvedic regimen consisting of Shodhana and Shamana therapy. Yonivarti was planned as Sthanika chikitsa along with Triphala Guggulu and Godanti bhasma as oral medications. Her USG was repeated after treatment which revealed hydrosalpinx was resolved possessing normal fallopian tube diameter.
A Review on Trends of Herb Market in India
Authors: Vidyalaxmi Pujari  , Shrikanth P  , Shashidhar Naik
Published: February 2022

India’s domestic herb market is represented by very wide range of users from pharmaceutical industries; folk practitioners to house hold users. The herb market is very much complex by itself. As per WHO, 25% of the drugs tested use or other kind of herbs, with advent of social media and information age, people all over the world are better informed about usefulness and safety. The domestic market of Indian system of medicines & Homeopathy (ISM&H) is of the order of Rs4000 Crore with total consumption of all botanicals to figure of 17,700MT which is expanding day by day. The annual turnover of the Ayurvedic drug manufacturing industry is estimated around Rs3,500 Crore. Due to high demand all over the world, the genuinity of drugs and the natural resources are threatened. To overcome the issue, Government of India has taken several measures to promote the cultivation of medicinal plants. It will be of help in conservation of natural resources and also to meet the demand of herb market with genuine articles. In this article, demand and supply, the dynamics, market segments, regional analysis, research articles on herb market, along with government initiative for cultivation and export of medicinal plants are reviewed and discussed
Phytochemical and Pharmacological Studies and Evidence-Based Indications of Babuna (Matricaria Chamomilla L.): A Review
Authors: Azeem M. Aaqil  , Salam Mahboob  , Khan M. Nafees
Published: February 2022

Babuna (Matricaria chamomilla L.syn. Matricaria recutita or Chamomilla recutita L.) is a well known medicinal plant used in Unani System of Medicine since centuries. It belongs to the family Asteraceae. Detailed description of this herb is found in classical literature of Unani Medicine. Babuna has been used for various therapeutic, cosmetic and nutritional purposes since centuries which have been proved through its traditional use and scientific research. Variety of pharmacological actions of Babuna such as Muhallil (resolvent), Musakkin-e-Alam (Analgesic), Mudir al Bawl (Diuretic), Mudir Hayd (Emmenogogue), Muarriq (Diaphoretic), Muqawwi Mida (Stomachic), Kasir-i-Riyah (Carminative), Muqawwi-i- Dimaag (Brain Tonic), Muqawwi-i-Asab (nervine tonic) etc., have been mentioned in classical books of Unani System of Medicine. Various phytochemical studies have shown presence of different types of bioactive constituents in this herb which on further experiments and clinical studies have shown multiple pharmacological properties which are in consonance with the actions documented in Unani literature. The present article has provided a review of pharmacological actions and therapeutic uses of Babuna in Unani Medicine, in the light of knowledge present in Unani literature as well as recent scientific studies and experimental data available on Matricaria chamomilla.
Development of PCR test for detection of the SARS-CoV-2 genetic variants alpha, beta, gamma, delta
Authors: Shipulin GA , Savochkina YuA , Shuryaeva AK , Shivlyagina EE , Nosova AO , Davydova EE , Luparev AR , Malova TV , Yudin SM
Published: February 2022

The emergence of novel SARS-CoV-2 genetic variants with increased transmissivity and reduced antibody neutralization efficiency is a threat to global public health. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) with the use of fluorescent probes, which make it possible to detect the single nucleotide substitutions, is a technique suitable for screening the SARS-CoV-2 RNA-containing samples for the already known functionally significant mutations in the S-gene, identification of which allows to define and differentiate the most epidemiologically significant genetic variants. The study was aimed to develop an assay for the large-scale monitoring of the spread of the SARS-CoV-2 top-priority variants. Based on the whole-genome alignment of the SARS-CoV-2 sequences, deposited in the GISAID database, primers and LNA-modified probes were selected to detect mutations in the S gene, typical for the Alpha, Beta/Gamma and Delta variants of concern (VOC). The developed reagent kit for detection of the key mutations in the SARS-CoV-2 S gene by the real time RT-PCR has good analytical and diagnostic characteristics and was authorized as a medical device (reagent) for in vitro use. The results of detecting the VOC and the key mutations with the use of the developed reagent kit were consistent with the data of the whole genome sequencing of 1,500 SARS-CoV-2 RNA samples. The developed reagent kit and the subsequent SARS-CoV-2 RNA sequencing assay used to perform the epidemiological monitoring of SARS-CoV-2 variants made it possible to promptly report the emergence of the Delta genetic variant in Russia, and to trace the dynamic changes in the prevalence of Delta in Moscow Region in April–September 2021.
Application of the Trademark Dilution Doctrine in Brand Dispute Resolution in Indonesia
Authors:   Master of Law, Faculty of Law, Universitas Diponegoro, Kholis Roisah Irhamnia
Published: February 2022

Providing protection for well-known brands can be realized by using the doctrine of trademark dilution and bad faith. The aim of this article is to find out the existence of the brand dilution doctrine in Indonesia, and how it is applied to litigation dispute resolution. The research method used is normative juridical with a law and case approach then it is analyzed qualitatively. The results obtained are that Indonesia has not had a regulation on brand dilution yet, but the prohibition against it has been implicitly regulated in the doctrine of bad faith. Enforcement of the trademark dilution doctrine is not carried out in the settlement of disputes between IKEA and IKEMA products. The panel of judges considers that there is no similarity between the two brands, besides that IKEMA is considered not to have violated the provisions of bad faith, so that the Panel of Judges considers IKEMA not guilty. There are no judges in Indonesia who have applied the trademark dilution doctrine because the regulations against it have not been regulated in the law, so to resolve trademark disputes judges use the doctrine of bad faith.
Role of Community mobilization as improving maternal health and proposed strategies in low-income countries: Narrative Review
Authors: Jabeen Rawshan , Muhammad Ameer
Published: February 2022

Poor maternal outcome is one of the significant public health concerns globally. More than 295,000 women died in 2017, with 94% of deaths occurring in developing countries. There is a general lack of awareness about pregnancy-related issues. The current narrative review was planned to highlight the role of community mobilization in improving maternal health. Literature suggested five principal community mobilization strategies: improving home-based issues, such as the provision of and accessibility to healthcare facilities; community health education, including nutrition awareness; reducing the risk of maternal mortality; emergency care provision, like the uptake of misoprostol to prevent postpartum hemorrhage; and decision-making regarding birth preparedness. In Pakistan, there is a lack of evidence about the integration mode of community mobilization. It is necessary to determine how community mobilization integration helps reduce maternal mortality and its efficacy.
Keywords: Maternal Health, LMICs, Community Mobilization, Developing countries, maternal care
Perception of medical interns about simulation-integrated curriculum of their emergency medicine rotation
Authors: Alsulimani Loui Kamel
Published: February 2022

Objective: To evaluate the perception of interns about their experience during one-month rotation in the emergency department, and the impact of adding simulation-based training.
Method: The retrospective study was conducted at King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, and comprised feedback surveys filled by interns at the end of their rotation in the emergency department between December 2017 and July 2020. The feedback questionnaire in use is aimed at evaluating interns’ experience with the emergency department rotation and the common academic activities during the rotation period. A comparison was done between those who had received simulation-based training and those who had not. Data was analysed using SPSS 24.
Results: Of the 971 interns having done rotation in the emergency department, 718(74%) had completed the survey. Simulation-based training had been received by 208(29%) interns, while 510(71%) had not received it. Mean points given on a scale of 1-10 by the interns was 8.2+/-1.8. Overall, 684(95%) interns believed the rotation had met or exceeded their expectations (p>0.001).  There was no significant difference between those who had received simulation-based training and those who had not (p>0.05).
Conclusion: Interns had a positive perception towards the learning experience during their emergency department rotation, but there was no difference between those who had received simulation-based training and those who had not.
Key Words: Simulation, Internship, Emergency medicine, Curriculum, Education.
Pendekatan Terapi Rasional Emotif Tingkah Laku dalam Menangani Sifat Kebergantungan Remaja
Authors: Abdul Aziz Abdul Rashid , Musa Nurun Najihah
Published: February 2022

Remaja yang sedang berkembang pastinya memerlukan bimbingan dan didikan daripada keluarga untuk meneruskan kehidupan dan mendepani cabaran dari satu peringkat ke peringkat perkembangan yang lain. Apabila remaja ini tidak mendapat bimbingan dan didikan daripada keluarga, mereka mula mencari seseorang yang lain yang dirasakan dapat membantu dan menenangkan diri mereka ketika berhadapan masalah terutamanya apabila berlakunya masalah dalam keluarga. Namun, jika hal ini berterusan, remaja akan menjadi terlalu bergantung kepada rakan tersebut sehingga menimbulkan rasa kecewa jika tindak balas yang diharapkan tidak berlaku. Situasi ini berlaku terhadap klien di dalam kajian ini. Hal ini terjadi apabila pemikiran tidak rasional mula muncul dalam diri klien tersebut. Oleh itu, pendekatan Terapi Rasional Emotif Tingkah Laku (REBT) digunakan untuk membantu klien tersebut untuk berfikir secara rasional dan tidak lagi melukakan emosi sendiri. Pendekatan ini didapati dapat membantu seseorang supaya berfikir secara rasional dan mendapat kegembiraan dalam hidup. Konklusinya, kajian ini dijalankan untuk melihat sejauh mana pendekatan REBT dapat membantu klien dalam menangani isu kebergantungan terhadap rakan sebaya. Dapatan daripada kajian ini dapat memberi manfaat kepada pihak-pihak berkaitan seperti kaunselor, pihak sekolah, ibu bapa, dan individu yang terlibat dalam isu yang hampir sama
Analisis Minat Belajar Siswa Dalam Belajar Online di Era Covid-19
Authors: Amelia Amelia , Suryana Agus , Herlina Herlina
Published: February 2022

This article aims to determine the analysis of students' interest in learning online in the Covid-19 era. The method used is a case study with interview and observation techniques. This research was conducted in the Tajurhalang District, Sukmajaya Villag3 Depok City. The results of the analysis of students' interest in learning online during the Covid-19 era show that the interest in learning that occurs in students is due to factors from themselves, parents, and the surrounding environment.

 Keywords: interest in learning, students, online learning, the covid-19 pandemic
Pengaruh Pendidikan Aqidah Akhlak Terhadap Kepribadian Siswa di Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Mathlail Khoir Bojong Gede Kabupaten Bogor
Authors: Suryana Agus , Afrina Afrina
Published: February 2022

Aqidah moral education is a means in the formation of a good personality. The formation of personality that is applied in schools is needed to instill an understanding in a child, that a good personality will produce good character, all forms of attitude and behavior, both good and bad, will become a moral person, the responsibility of every human being in everyday life. in this world and in the hereafter. This study was conducted to determine whether there is an influence of moral aqidah education on the personality of fifth grade students at MIS Mathlail Khoir, this type of research uses quantitative research methods that are descriptive analysis with a total sample of 54 students and the sampling technique is Saturated Sampling as many as 54 students who assigned to students. These instruments are observation, documentation and questionnaires. The method of data analysis was carried out by a simple linear regression technique. Based on the data analysis that has been carried out, the results of the study indicate that the education of moral aqidah and personality of the students in the school is said to be high with a mean value of X 52.93 while Y 43.80. And it shows that there is a significant influence between moral aqidah education on students' personality from the regression equation obtained by Y' = 7.419 + 0.687 X showing that there is a positive or unidirectional relationship, based on the calculation of the coefficient of determination of 34.8% while 65.2% is influenced by by other variables not examined.

 Keywords: Moral Aqidah Education, Student Personality
Efektivitas Pembelajaran Pendidikan Agama Islam (PAI) terhadap Hasil Belajar Siswa Kelas V SD Sekolah Alam Bogor
Authors: Sagara Shadam Ali , Aminah Siti
Published: February 2022

Education is one of the requirements to further improve a better life in the future. Education is also an important factor that determines the development of a nation and state. Learning is a formal activity carried out in schools. In this case the occurrence of an interaction between students, teachers and their environment. The role of a teacher is very important, it will greatly affect student learning outcomes and development. This research was conducted in a formal institution, namely SD Sekolah Alam Bogor, North Bogor area. The purpose of this study is to determine the effectiveness of PAI learning on the learning outcomes of fifth graders at the Bogor Natural Elementary School and to determine the supporting and inhibiting factors of the effectiveness of PAI learning on the learning outcomes of fifth grade students at the Bogor Natural Elementary School. The method used is a qualitative field research (field research) in which data collection is carried out in the field to conduct observations of a phenomenon in a natural state by taking data through interviews, observation and documentation. The results of this study indicate that the effectiveness of PAI learning on the learning outcomes of fifth grade students at Sekolah Alam Bogor has been effective because student learning outcomes have shown above the minimum completeness criteria (KKM). As evidence that the learning process of Islamic religious education is effective, namely the learning process using interesting learning methods and the media used also makes students very enthusiastic when learning takes place.

Keyword: learning effectiveness, islamic education, student learning outcomes
Dampak Komunikasi dan Budaya Organisasi terhadap Kinerja Karyawan
Authors: Dalimunthe Mey Habibah , Fachrina2 Rifka , Suhairi Suhairi
Published: February 2022

The purpose of this article is to find out what and how much influence communication and organizational culture have on employee performance. In the business world, there are many opinions that say that communication has a significant effect on the development of the company, because in a company there is definitely a need for communication between employees and company owners or in other words between subordinates and superiors as well as what is called organizational culture. This is no less important than communication, where we can see that the impact is very large on the development or progress of a company. In addition, performance is also a set of measures of how well a job can be done when compared to the assessment standards that have been set and adjusted based on the results of the conclusions above, we can see that there is a significant communication effect or impact on the performance of employees.
Usaha Mikro Dalam Keluarga di WK Audio Sound Sistem Bogor
Authors: Aminudin Aminudin , Junaedi Dedi
Published: February 2022

This community service activity aims to identify micro, small and medium enterprises in WK Audio System Cileungsi Bogor. The method used is a field study and qualitative analysis of the operation of a family business. Based on the results of the analysis of the WK Audio Sound System business, it can be concluded: (1) the internal factors that become the main strengths of the WK audio sound system are a well-managed family business, having employees who are closely related and understand each other's sound system; (2) external factors that become the main opportunity for WK Audio Sound System, namely consumers of sound system equipment that continue to increase so that the potential to get more customers, while the main threat of WK Audio Sound System is the emergence of competitors that cause competition.
Pengaruh Harga dan Promosi terhadap Meningkatnya Kepuasan Pelanggan
Authors: Nasution Rahma  Wulan Suci , Aslami Nuri
Published: February 2022

Along with the development of economy and technology and business competition in the global market, companies are competing in order to provide more satisfactory products and services to the customers and to offer competitive price. This competition is carried out in order to gain new customer and to retain their customer. This research is aimed to find out the influence of sevice quality, product quality and price to the customer satisfaction. The analysis technique has been done by using multiple linear regression analysis.The result of the research shows that the variables which have been applied in this research models are service quality, product quality and price that each of them has significant and positive influence to the customer satisfaction who have ever used the transportation services of Blue Bird taxi in Surabaya.These results indicate that the better quality of service, product, and price then customer satisfaction increases.

Keywords: service quality, product quality, price and customer satisfaction.
Strategi Pemasaran Asuransi Syariah di Indonesia
Authors: Al Fazri Muhammad , Aslami Nuri
Published: February 2022

Sharia insurance, also known as takaful, at-ta'min, or tadhamun, is an effort to help and protect each other between participants whose operational and legal principles are based on Islamic law. Without intending to precede destiny, insurance can be intended as a preparation effort to deal with possible risks. Sharia insurance itself has the potential to grow along with the increase in the Islamic financial market in Indonesia. The purpose of this paper is to find out how sharia insurance marketing strategies and tactics are to be easily accepted by the community. This study uses a literature review or library research with a descriptive approach which is part of the qualitative.

Keywords: Sharia Insurance, Marketing strategy, Marketing tactics.
Strategi Agen Asuransi Syariah Dalam Meningkatkan Jumlah Nasabah
Authors: Aslami Nuri , Monica Aulia
Published: February 2022

The result of this review is to decide on specialist procedures in expanding the number of clients, among others, through specialists who have techniques in expanding the market, especially for individuals who have not used sharia protection administration through direct socialization, following and working on existing business sectors by trying to consistently maintain correspondence with clients in control to provide the best support, prepare finances and endanger executives in sharia protection, choose risk for members by distinguishing the possibility of danger events seen by members, assess and estimate the magnitude of harm that may occur and decide the best strategy to face the dangers that have occurred.

Keywords: Agent Strategy, Sharia Insurance, Increasing Customers
Evaluation of the Effect of Chitosan-Based Edible Film and Coating Material on Dried Mulberry
Authors: GÜNEŞ Eda , ERÇETİN Haticetül Kübra
Published: February 2022

The purpose of applying coating methods is to slow down the chemical deterioration that will occur in foods. The effect of the model organism, which is considered as a warehouse pest, on the coated mulberry was determined. At the end of storage, weight, texture and sensory analyzes of the fruit were made. Sensory analyzes were evaluated by 20 semi-trained panelists in terms of color, appearance, hardness, taste, smell, general taste. In terms of weight, it was observed that the weight of 1% chitosan coated mulberries was higher. In terms of texture, although the groups were statistically similar, it was determined that the hardness of the samples in the environment with storage pests decreased somewhat. According to sensory data, it was determined that the panelists had a positive approach towards 0.2% coated mulberry. As a result, the edible coating is considered to be usable on mulberries.
Taş Mastik Asfalt Karışımlarında Tekstil Atığı Kullanımının Araştırılması
Authors: ÖNER Jülide , ÖZDAŞ Ferhat
Published: February 2022

Taş mastik asfaltın agregalar arası boşluk oranının fazla olması nedeniyle yüksek oranda bağlayıcı gerektirmesi, bitümün agregalardan süzülmesine neden olmaktadır. Süzülmeleri engellemek için kullanılan geleneksel elyafların (mineral, selüloz) pahalı olmasından dolayı kaplama maliyetleri artmaktadır. Bu çalışmada selüloz elyafların yerine tekstil fabrikalarında atık olarak nitelendirilen tekstil atığının kullanımı araştırılmıştır. Çalışma kapsamında farklı oranlarda tekstil atığı ve selüloz elyaf ilavesiyle hazırlanmış numuneler üzerinde Marshall deneyi, Schellenberg bitüm süzülme deneyi ve Kum Yama deneyi yapılmıştır. Test sonuçları bir arada değerlendirildiğinde, tekstil atığı selüloz elyafa kıyasla Marshall stabilitesine katkı sağlamış ve daha az süzülerek yüksek performans gösterdiği tespit edilmiştir. Kullanılan agrega gradasyonun yüzey dokusunun derinlik koşulunu sağladığı Kum Yama deneyi ile belirlenmiştir. Çalışmanın sonuçları, hem atıkların bertaraf edilmesi hem de kaplama maliyetinin azaltılması açısından geleneksel elyafların yerine tekstil atıklarının kullanılabileceğini göstermektedir.
COVID19 Testing Management System
Authors: Kawase Shreya R. , Shenwai Sonal S. , Narad Shrutika P. , Nachankar Abhishek P.
Published: February 2022

Nowadays, COVID19 Testing Management System is one of the most essential tools that are mostly used in Testing Lab; it is mostly used to manage COVID19 medical lab related activities. In this project we tried to develop a computerized and web based COVID19 Testing management system. Our main intention is to allow this application to be used in most retailing COVID19 labs, where a small point of customization will be required to each COVID19 lab in the implementation period. This system is designed to overcome all challenges related to the management of diagnostics that were used to be handled locally and manually.
BELAJAR ASYIK PENDIDIKAN AGAMA ISLAM DENGAN QUIZIZZ PADA MASA PANDEMI COVID 19 DAN ERA NEW NORMAL DI SMP NEGERI 11 TAJUNG JABUNG TIMUR
Authors: Mujahid Abdul
Published: February 2022

Pembelajaran daring dan luring dilakukan melalui jaringan online seperti, quizizz dengan media smarphone ataupun gadget sudah menjadi keharusan pada masa pandemi covid 19 dan era new normal. Hal ini dibuktikan semua orang mulai dari anak kecil hingga orangtua mahir dalam penggunaannya. Berdasarkan hal tersebut sangatlah mungkin smsrtphone atau gadget dapat di efektifkan sebagai media atau sarana pembelajaran daring di tengah masa pandemi covid 19 dan pembelajaran luring pada era new normal dilakukan melalui model belajar tatap muka terbatas di kelas. Pemanfaatan smartphone atau gadget memerlukan aplikasi tambahan. Aplikasi ini tidak terdaftar sebagai aplikasi bawaan yang bisa diunduh di laman play store bagi pengguna android atau app store bagi pengguna IOS (iphone). Sekedar alternatif, aplikasi yang dapat dipergunakan antara lain Whatsapp, google form, quizizz, edmodo, dan microsoft office.

Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif yaitu suatu metode yang digunakan untuk menemukan pemahaman yang seluas-luasnya terhadap objek penelitian. Pendekatan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah pendekatan penelitian Deskriptif. Dengan pembelajaran yang disajikan melalui aplikasi quizizz sehingga siswa tidak lagi melihat dan memandangi guru dengan lesu tetapi mata mereka tertuju pada smartphone atau gadget yang ada ditangannya. Mulai dari pembukaan, penyajian, ulangan sampai pemberian home work. diharapkan agar siswa asyik mendapatkan materi pembelajaran untuk memenuhi kekurangan pembelajaran daring yang mengalami beberapa kendala. Hasil penelitian ini akan bermanfaat sebagai referensi bagi guru menggunakan quizizz sebagai sarana atau media pembelajaran baik pada masa pandemi covid 19 maupun pada era new normal pada saat kekinian.
TANTANGAN PEMBELAJARAN DARING, LURING DAN TATAP MUKA TERBATAS DIMASA PANDEMI COVID19
Authors: Burhanuddin Burhanuddin
Published: February 2022

Pandemi Covid 19 merubah pembelajaran yang signifikan, tatap muka di hentikan sementara di tengah wabah yang melanda. Guru tetap menjalankan tugasnya agar kurikulum tetap berjalan. Guru dan Orangtua harus membangun komunikasi agar siswa dapat memahami setiap tugas-tugas yang di berikan oleh guru pada pembelajaran luring ini. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tantangan yang di hadapi guru dalam pembelajaran Luring masa Pandemi Covid 19 di SD Kecil Paramasan Atas. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif kualitatif, melalui instrumen obervasi , wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Penelitian ini dilakukan di SD Kecil Paramasan Atas. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tantangan yang dihadapi guru selama pembelajaran Luring masa Covid 19 yaitu siswa merasa jenuh dengan proses yang monoton, mengingatkan orang tua untuk memantau anak saat belajar, mendorong siswa untuk tetap semangat belajar di tengah Pandemi Covid 19, siswa ada yang tidak mematuhi protokol kesehatan ketika datang ke sekolah.