bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prediction of protein–protein interactions using sequences of intrinsically disordered regions
Authors: Kibar Gözde , Vingron Martin
Published: March 2023

Protein–protein interactions (PPIs) play a crucial role in numerous molecular processes. Despite many efforts, mechanisms governing molecular recognition between interacting proteins remain poorly understood and it is particularly challenging to predict from sequence whether two proteins can interact. Here we present a new method to tackle this challenge using intrinsically disordered regions (IDRs). IDRs are protein segments that are functional despite lacking a single invariant three‐dimensional structure. The prevalence of IDRs in eukaryotic proteins suggests that IDRs are critical for interactions. To test this hypothesis, we predicted PPIs using IDR sequences in candidate proteins in humans. Moreover, we divide the PPI prediction problem into two specific subproblems and adapt appropriate training and test strategies based on problem type. Our findings underline the importance of defining clearly the problem type and show that sequences encoding IDRs can aid in predicting specific features of the protein interaction network of intrinsically disordered proteins. Our findings further suggest that accounting for IDRs in future analyses should accelerate efforts to elucidate the eukaryotic PPI network.
Front Cover Image
Authors: Wang Xiaoliang , Qin Yujia , Xu Yanling , Feng Xiaodong , Zhao Shouqi , Lu Yongyue , Li Zhihong
Published: March 2023

The cover image is based on the Research Article Surveillance and invasive risk of the red imported fire ant, Solenopsis invicta Buren in China by Xiaoliang Wang et al., https://doi.org/10.1002/ps.7297.

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Isotopic comparison of ammonium and nitrate sources applied in‐season to corn
Authors: Griesheim Kelsey L. , Mulvaney Richard L. , Smith Tim J. , Nunes Vander L. N. , Hertzberger Allan J.
Published: March 2023

Most synthetic nitrogen (N) fertilizers used for corn (Zea mays L.) production supply ammonium (NH4+), but N availability can be reduced by volatilization or microbial immobilization. The former process is eliminated and the latter reduced by fertilizing with nitrate (NO3−), which is best done in‐season to promote crop uptake while minimizing N loss by leaching or denitrification. To compare 15N uptake for in‐season surface applications of labeled potassium nitrate (KNO3), urea‐ammonium nitrate (UAN), and urea, field studies were conducted in two growing seasons on Mollisols and Alfisols located in production fields under second‐ or third‐year corn or a corn–soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.) rotation. In contrast to dry matter production and total N uptake, the three 15N sources often differed significantly in N derived from the labeled fertilizer (NDF15F) and fertilizer 15N uptake efficiency (F15NUE), both of which decreased in the order: KNO3 > UAN > urea. As evidenced by a laboratory incubation study using the same three 15N sources, this trend was attributed to differences in NH3 volatilization and microbial immobilization that was greater for ammoniacal than NO3− fertilizers. When surface applying a sidedressing to corn in the Midwestern United States, N uptake efficiency can be increased by the use of NO3− fertilizers.
Penalized smoothing splines resolve the curvature identifiability problem in age‐period‐cohort models with unequal intervals
Authors: Gascoigne Connor , Smith Theresa
Published: March 2023

Age‐period‐cohort (APC) models are frequently used in a variety of health and demographic‐related outcomes. Fitting and interpreting APC models to data in equal intervals (equal age and period widths) is nontrivial due to the structural link between the three temporal effects (given two, the third can always be found) causing the well‐known identification problem. The usual method for resolving the structural link identification problem is to base a model on identifiable quantities. It is common to find health and demographic data in unequal intervals, this creates further identification problems on top of the structural link. We highlight the new issues by showing that curvatures which were identifiable for equal intervals are no longer identifiable for unequal data. Furthermore, through extensive simulation studies, we show how previous methods for unequal APC models are not always appropriate due to their sensitivity to the choice of functions used to approximate the true temporal functions. We propose a new method for modeling unequal APC data using penalized smoothing splines. Our proposal effectively resolves the curvature identification issue that arises and is robust to the choice of the approximating function. To demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposal, we conclude with an application to UK all‐cause mortality data from the Human mortality database.
Engineering Dynamic Defect of CeIII/CeIV‐Based Metal‐Organic Framework through Ultrasound‐Triggered Au Electron Trapper for Sonodynamic Therapy of Osteomyelitis
Authors: Zheng Qiyao , Liu Xiangmei , Gao Song , Cui Zhenduo , Wu Shuilin , Liang Yanqin , Li Zhaoyang , Zheng Yufeng , Zhu Shengli , Jiang Hui , Zou Ruqiang
Published: March 2023

Defect engineering is an important way to tune the catalytic properties of metal‐organic framework (MOF), yet precise control of defects is difficult to achieve. Herein, a cerium‐based MOF (CeTCPP) is decorated with Au nanoparticles. Under ultrasound irradiation, Au nanoparticles can precisely turn 1/3 of the pristine Ce3+ nodes into Ce4+. With the stable existence of Ce4+, the coordination of Ce nodes changed, causing the structural irregularity in CeTCPP‐Au, so that the electron‐hole recombination is obviously hindered, facilitating the generation of reactive oxygen species. Therefore, under 20 min of ultrasound irradiation, the CeTCPP‐Au showed superior antibacterial efficacy of over 99% against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli with good biocompatibility, which is further used for effective therapy of osteomyelitis. Overall, this work provides a dynamic defect formation strategy of MOF through the electron trapping of Au nanoparticles, which also sheds light on sonodynamic therapy in curing deep‐seated lesions.
High‐Voltage Supercapacitive Swing Adsorption of Carbon Dioxide
Authors: Bilal Muhammad , Li Jiajie , Guo Hao , Landskron Kai
Published: March 2023

Supercapacitive swing adsorption (SSA) with garlic roots‐derived activated carbon achieves a record adsorption capacity of 312 mmol kg−1 at a low energy consumption of 72 kJ mol−1 and high mass loadings (>30 mg cm−2) at 1.0 V for 85%N2/15%CO2 mixtures. The activated carbons are inexpensively prepared in a one‐step process using potassium carbonate, and air as activators. The adsorption capacity further increases with increasing voltage. At a voltage of 1.4 V, a sorption capacity of 524 mmol kg−1 at an energy consumption of 130 kJ mol−1 can be achieved. The volumetric sorption capacity is also enhanced and reaches values of 85.7 mol m−3 at 1.0 V, and 126 mol m−3 at 1.4 V. Cycle stability for at least 130 h is demonstrated.
Probing the Local Electronic Structure in Metal Halide Perovskites through Cobalt Substitution
Authors: Haghighirad Amir A. , Klug Matthew T. , Duffy Liam , Liu Junjie , Ardavan Arzhang , van der Laan Gerrit , Hesjedal Thorsten , Snaith Henry J.
Published: March 2023

Owing to the unique chemical and electronic properties arising from 3d‐electrons, substitution with transition metal ions is one of the key routes for engineering new functionalities into materials. While this approach has been used extensively in complex metal oxide perovskites, metal halide perovskites have largely resisted facile isovalent substitution. In this work, it is demonstrated that the substitution of Co2+ into the lattice of methylammonium lead triiodide imparts magnetic behavior to the material while maintaining photovoltaic performance at low concentrations. In addition to comprehensively characterizing its magnetic properties, the Co2+ ions themselves are utilized as probes to sense the local electronic environment of Pb in the perovskite, thereby revealing the nature of their incorporation into the material. A comprehensive understanding of the effect of transition metal incorporation is provided, thereby opening the substitution gateway for developing novel functional perovskite materials and devices for future technologies.
Metal‐Organic Frameworks Nanocarriers for Functional Nucleic Acid Delivery in Biomedical Applications
Authors: He Li , Shang Mengdi , Chen Zhongkai , Yang Zhaoqi
Published: March 2023

Metal−organic frameworks (MOFs), a distinctive funtionalmaterials which is constructed by various metal ions and organic molecules, have gradually attracted researchers′ attention from they were founded. In the last decade, MOFs emerge as a biomedical material with potential applications due to their unique properties. However, the MOFs performed as nanocarriers for functional nucleic acid delivery in biomedical applications rarely summarized. In this review, we introduce recent developments of MOFs for nucleic acid delivery in various biologically relevant applications, with special emphasis on cancer therapy (including siRNA, ASO, DNAzyme, miRNA and CpG oligodeoxynucleotides), bioimaging, biosensors and separation of biomolecules. We expect the accomplishment of this review could benefit certain researchers in biomedical field to develop novel sophisticated nanocarriers for functional nucleic acid delivery based on the promising material of MOFs.
Development of Chinese Dynamic Optimal Power Expansion Planning Model Integrated with Hydrogen and Fuel Cell System
Authors: Yi Ye , Komiyama Ryoichi , Fujii Yasumasa
Published: March 2023

This study evaluates optimal carbon‐neutral power supply strategy in China up to 2060 with a multi‐region high spatial and temporal dynamic optimal power expansion planning model. Furthermore, this study explores installable potential of hydrogen and fuel cell system and analyzes the influences of its capital cost reduction at different levels. The results show that the national installed capacity would rise to be over 9000 GW in 2060, in which wind and solar PV will take up around 61%; the intermittency of renewable power generation is mainly managed with hydrogen production, power output curtailment and charge and discharge of energy storage; hydrogen and fuel cell system would improve the capacity factor and reduce the curtailment rate of renewable power generation. © 2023 The Authors. IEEJ Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Engineering published by Institute of Electrical Engineer of Japan and Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Morbidity of insured Swedish cats between 2011 and 2016: Comparing disease risk in domestic crosses and purebreds
Authors: Hadar Barr N. , Bonnett Brenda N. , Poljak Zvonimir , Bernardo Theresa M.
Published: March 2023

Background

Sources of population‐based cat health information are scarce. The objective of this study was to determine disease frequency in cats using pet insurance data to inform health promotion efforts.

Methods

A descriptive analysis of cats insured with Agria Pet Insurance in Sweden (2011–2016) was performed. Incidence rates of broad disease categories were calculated based on veterinary care events and an exact denominator consisting of cat‐years‐at‐risk. Rate ratios were calculated, comparing domestic crosses to all purebreds and specific purebreds to all other purebreds combined.

Results

The study included over 1.6 million cat‐years‐at‐risk (78.5% were domestic crosses), 18 breeds and 24 disease categories. The most common disease categories causing morbidity in purebreds were digestive, whole body, injury, urinary lower, skin and female reproduction. Purebreds had the highest relative risk (compared to domestics crosses) in the female reproduction, heart, operation complication, respiratory lower and immunological disease categories.

Limitations

There are typical limitations of secondary data, but they do not negate the overall value of such a large dataset.

Conclusion

This study demonstrates how pet insurance data can be used to find breed‐specific differences in the incidence of various disease categories in cats. This may be of importance for breeders, cat owners, veterinarians and researchers.
A form of hepatogenous copper poisoning in fattening cattle associated with the ingestion of mouldy straw
Authors: Otter Arthur , Schock Alexandra , Payne Jo
Published: March 2023

Two bulls from a group of 85 fattening bulls and heifers were examined postmortem. Both had generalised jaundice, swollen pale brown livers, dark brown kidneys and dark brown urine in the bladders. Biochemical testing of the livers and kidneys was indicative of copper poisoning in the two animals. Histopathology identified necrotising hepatopathy, consistent with an acute haemolytic crisis, superimposed on liver lesions of longer duration, which were suggestive of another toxic aetiology. Analysis of the animals’ concentrate diets did not indicate excess amounts of copper, but they had access to poor quality straw, which was visibly mouldy; the straw was removed and no further clinical disease was observed. This case report is an example of copper poisoning occurring in animals that were not fed excess copper, but had underlying hepatic damage, which reduced their copper tolerance, and resembles hepatogenous copper toxicity associated with the ingestion of hepatotoxic plants.
Vorbeugender Rettungsdienst – präventive Ansätze und Förderung von Gesundheitskompetenz an den Schnittstellen zur Notfallrettung
Authors: Breuer Florian , Beckers Stefan K. , Dahmen Janosch , Gnirke Andre , Pommerenke Christopher , Poloczek Stefan
Published: March 2023

In den Rettungsdienstgesetzen der Länder beschränken sich die Ausführungen bislang im Wesentlichen auf die Durchführung von Maßnahmen zum Erhalt der Gesundheit von Notfallpatientinnen und Notfallpatienten sowie auf die Beförderung in ein geeignetes Krankenhaus. Der vorbeugende Brandschutz hingegen ist in den Feuerwehrgesetzen bzw. durch Rechtsverordnungen geregelt. Zunehmende Einsatzzahlen im Rettungsdienst und fehlende Einrichtungen der alternativen Versorgung begründen die Notwendigkeit eines vorbeugenden Rettungsdienstes. Hierunter werden alle Maßnahmen verstanden, die vor Eintritt eines Ereignisses stattfinden, um der Entstehung von Notfällen vorzubeugen. Im Ergebnis soll das Risiko eines Notfallereignisses, welches zum Notruf 112 führt, verringert werden oder das Auftreten verzögert werden. Der vorbeugende Rettungsdienst soll auch dazu beitragen, das Outcome der medizinischen Versorgung von Patientinnen und Patienten zu verbessern. Weiterhin soll es ermöglicht werden, Hilfesuchende frühzeitig einer geeigneten Versorgungsform zuzuführen.
Genetic mapping of the powdery mildew resistance gene Pm7 on oat chromosome 5D
Authors: Brodführer Sophie , Mohler Volker , Stadlmeier Melanie , Okoń Sylwia , Beuch Steffen , Mascher Martin , Tinker Nicholas A. , Bekele Wubishet A. , Hackauf Bernd , Herrmann Matthias Heinrich
Published: March 2023

Key message

Three independent experiments with different genetic backgrounds mapped the resistance genePm7in the oat genome to the distal part of the long arm of chromosome 5D.

Resistance of oat toBlumeria graminisDC. f. sp.avenaeis an important breeding goal in Central and Western Europe. In this study, the position of the effective and widely used resistance genePm7in the oat genome was determined based on three independent experiments with different genetic backgrounds: genome-wide association mapping in a diverse set of inbred oat lines and binary phenotype mapping in two bi-parental populations. Powdery mildew resistance was assessed in the field as well as by detached leaf tests in the laboratory. Genotyping-by-sequencing was conducted to establish comprehensive genetic fingerprints for subsequent genetic mapping experiments. All three mapping approaches located the gene to the distal part of the long arm of chromosome 5D in the hexaploid oat genome sequences of OT3098 and ‘Sang.’ Markers from this region were homologous to a region of chromosome 2Ce of the C-genome species,Avena eriantha, the donor ofPm7, which appears to be the ancestral source of a translocated region on the hexaploid chromosome 5D.
An international wheat diversity panel reveals novel sources of genetic resistance to tan spot in Australia
Authors: Taylor Julian , Jorgensen Dorthe , Moffat Caroline S. , Chalmers Ken J. , Fox Rebecca , Hollaway Grant J. , Cook Melissa J. , Neate Stephen M. , See Pao Theen , Shankar Manisha
Published: March 2023

Key message

Novel sources of genetic resistance to tan spot in Australia have been discovered using one-step GWAS and genomic prediction models that accounts for additive and non-additive genetic variation.

Tan spot is a foliar disease in wheat caused by the fungal pathogenPyrenophora tritici-repentis(Ptr) and has been reported to generate up to 50% yield losses under favourable disease conditions. Although farming management practices are available to reduce disease, the most economically sustainable approach is establishing genetic resistance through plant breeding. To further understand the genetic basis for disease resistance, we conducted a phenotypic and genetic analysis study using an international diversity panel of 192 wheat lines from the Maize and Wheat Improvement Centre (CIMMYT), the International Centre for Agriculture in the Dry Areas (ICARDA) and Australian (AUS) wheat research programmes. The panel was evaluated using Australian Ptr isolates in 12 experiments conducted in three Australian locations over two years, with assessment for tan spot symptoms at various plant development stages. Phenotypic modelling indicated high heritability for nearly all tan spot traits with ICARDA lines displaying the greatest average resistance. We then conducted a one-step whole-genome analysis of each trait using a high-density SNP array, revealing a large number of highly significant QTL exhibiting a distinct lack of repeatability across the traits. To better summarise the genetic resistance of the lines, a one-step genomic prediction of each tan spot trait was conducted by combining the additive and non-additive predicted genetic effects of the lines. This revealed multiple CIMMYT lines with broad genetic resistance across the developmental stages of the plant which can be utilised in Australian wheat breeding programmes to improve tan spot disease resistance.
Conceptualising the social in mental health and work capability: implications of medicalised framing in the UK welfare system
Authors: Irvine Annie , Haggar Tianne
Published: March 2023

Purpose

This paper asks whether the separation of mental health from its wider social context during the UK benefits assessment processes is a contributing factor to widely recognised systemic difficulties, including intrinsically damaging effects and relatively ineffective welfare-to-work outcomes.

Methods

Drawing on multiple sources of evidence, we ask whether placing mental health—specifically a biomedical conceptualisation of mental illness or condition as a discrete agent—at the core of the benefits eligibility assessment process presents obstacles to (i) accurately understanding a claimant’s lived experience of distress (ii) meaningfully establishing the specific ways it affects their capacity for work, and (iii) identifying the multifaceted range of barriers (and related support needs) that a person may have in relation to moving into employment.

Results

We suggest that a more holistic assessment of work capacity, a different kind of conversation that considers not only the (fluctuating) effects of psychological distress but also the range of personal, social and economic circumstances that affect a person’s capacity to gain and sustain employment, would offer a less distressing and ultimately more productive approach to understanding work capability.

Conclusion

Such a shift would reduce the need to focus on a state of medicalised incapacity and open up space in encounters for more a more empowering focus on capacity, capabilities, aspirations, and what types of work are (or might be) possible, given the right kinds of contextualised and personalised support.
Demographic change and the rate of return in pay-as-you-go pension systems
Authors: Schön Matthias
Published: March 2023

The ongoing demographic change in most developed countries consists of two coinciding independent developments that differ in structure and persistence: A slow, monotonic and (presumably) permanent longevity effect caused by an increasing life expectancy; and a more rapidly changing, non-monotonic and less permanent cohort effect caused by fluctuations in the size of cohorts. This paper shows the longevity effect has a positive impact on the rates of return households generate within a pay-as-you-go (PAYG) pension system. The cohort effect, by contrast, results in winners and losers in PAYG systems. The paper additionally shows that the type of PAYG pension system alters the results significantly. Taking the remarkable demographic change in Germany as an example, a large-scale overlapping generation model quantifies rates of return within the PAYG pension system for every cohort. The results show that the two effects combined cause return differentials of almost 1.3 percentage points between generations.
Impact of the 12-gene recurrence score in influencing adjuvant chemotherapy prescription in mismatch repair proficient stage II/III colonic carcinoma—a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Davey Matthew G. , O’Neill Maeve , Regan Mark , Meshkat Babak , Nugent Emmeline , Joyce Myles , Hogan Aisling M.
Published: March 2023

Introduction

The 12-gene recurrence score (RS) is a clinically validated assay which predicts recurrence risk in patients with stage II/III colon cancer. Decisions regarding adjuvant chemotherapy may be guided using this assay or based on the judgement of tumour board.

Aims

To assess the concordance between the RS and MDT decisions regarding adjuvant chemotherapy in colon cancer.

Methods

A systematic review was performed in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. Meta-analyses were performed using the Mantel–Haenszel method using the Review Manager version 5.4 software.

Results

Four studies including 855 patients with a mean age of 68 years (range: 25–90 years) met inclusion criteria. Overall, 79.2% had stage II disease (677/855) and 20.8% had stage III disease (178/855). For the entire cohort, concordant results between the 12-gene assay and MDT were more likely than discordant (odds ratio (OR): 0.38, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.25–0.56, P < 0.001). Patients were more likely to have chemotherapy omitted than escalated when using the RS (OR: 9.76, 95% CI: 6.72–14.18, P < 0.001). For those with stage II disease, concordant results between the 12-gene assay and MDT were more likely than discordant (OR: 0.30, 95% CI: 0.17–0.53, P < 0.001). In stage II disease, patients were more likely to have chemotherapy omitted than escalated when using the RS (OR: 7.39, 95% CI: 4.85–11.26, P < 0.001).

Conclusions

The use of the 12-gene signature refutes the decision of tumour board in 25% of cases, with 75% of discordant decisions resulting in omission of adjuvant chemotherapy. Therefore, it is possible that a proportion of such patients are being overtreated when relying on tumour board decisions alone.
Forgotten forest relics: Apple trees (Malus spp.) in eastern U.S. forests
Authors: Woodall Christopher , Liknes G. C. , Bunker J. P. , Peace C. P. , Frank J. M.
Published: March 2023

One potential legacy of the widespread deforestation of the 1700-1800s and subsequent agricultural abandonment and reforestation across the eastern United States (U.S.) during the 1900s is the establishment of introduced apple trees (Malus domestica) exclusive of naturally occurring native crab apple species. As these apple trees might provide ecological services and a genetic reserve of long-forgotten apple cultivars, a region-wide forest inventory was used to estimate the current extent, condition, and changes in the population of apple trees across eastern forests of the U.S. It was found that hundreds of millions of apple trees currently exist in the forests of the northern U.S. with indications of population senescence as the abundance of seedlings and saplings decline while the abundance of the largest-sized trees and standing dead trees increase. The distribution of forest apple trees is only aligned with native crab apple distributions in limited areas, suggesting distinct feral apple populations derived from agricultural abandonment decades ago. As these extant apple trees are likely relics of former orchards and/or their naturally dispersed progeny, these populations may serve as an in-situ gene bank representing hundreds, if not thousands, of apple cultivars forgotten long ago but adapted to local conditions and perhaps of importance to ensuring the future resilience of domestic apple production in the context of global change.
Petro-physical Characterization of the Shallow Sediments in a Coastal Area in NE Italy from the Integration of Active Seismic and Resistivity Data
Authors: Accaino F. , Da Col F. , Böhm G. , Picotti S. , Giorgi M. , Meneghini F. , Schleifer A.
Published: March 2023

Integrated geophysical analysis using different methods along with a priori information from wells, is a proven approach to investigate the geology and the petro-physical characteristics of subsoil. We collected seismic and geoelectric data in an area located on the Adriatic coast in North-Eastern Italy, aimed at characterizing the quaternary sediments and the shallow geological structures. Compressional and shear-wave data provided information about geometry and velocity of the quaternary sedimentary succession, while geoelectric data provided information about the resistivity in the shallower formation, which strongly depends on the presence of groundwater (brine) and on its salinity. Clustering analysis allowed us to subdivide the study area into subdomains showing similar values of resistivity and compressional- and shear-wave velocity, enabling for a better interpretation of the processed seismic sections. Then, we calculated the petro-physical properties of the investigated sediments, i.e., brine saturation and resistivity, porosity, and clay content, for each cluster. This inverse problem involves rock-physics theories and an optimization algorithm based on the simulated annealing global-search method. The results, validated using borehole stratigraphy, provided information about the salty water wedge intrusion.
Annealing-induced phase conversion on spray pyrolyzed cubic-SnS thin films
Authors: Kishore Bhat T. R. , Jeganath K. , George Sajan D. , Raviprakash Y.
Published: March 2023

The cubic-tin sulfide (SnS) compound material is optimal for the absorber layer in photovoltaic technology. In this study, the role of annealing temperature on the physical properties of cubic-SnS thin film has been determined. The spray pyrolyzed SnS thin films were post-annealed, using the chemical vapor deposition system, at the temperature range between 350 and 500 °C The annealed films have been analyzed using a comprehensive range of characterization techniques i.e., X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, UV–Vis spectroscopy, Photoluminescence spectroscopy (PL), Field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), Energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and Hall measurements. The XRD results discovered the phase deterioration of cubic-SnS at higher annealing temperatures i.e., > 350 °C. Further, the Raman analysis confirmed the cubic-SnS phase deterioration, along with the formation of SnS2 and Sn2S3 secondary phases, at higher annealing temperatures. Besides that, a band gap in the range of 1.63–1.68 eV has been obtained for the SnS thin films. The films exhibit the near-band edge emission peak in the PL spectra. Moreover, the SEM micrographs show the needle-shaped grains, and their size and distribution were increased with respect to the enhancement in annealing temperature. A considerable amount of sulfur inclusion was observed in EDS analysis and the films annealed at 450° exhibit the near stoichiometric composition ratio of Sn/S = 1.01. The hall measurement studies showed resistivity, carrier concentration, and mobility of 29.4–376.5 Ω cm, 4.2 × 1014–3.0 × 1016 cm−3 and 13.1–66.1 cm2/Vs, respectively.
Energy transfer mechanisms in binary tree-structured oscillator with nonlinear energy sinks
Authors: Bak Bendegúz Dezső , Rochlitz Róbert , Kalmár-Nagy Tamás
Published: March 2023

We study a binary tree-structured multi-degree-of-freedom nonlinear oscillator with impulsive and continuous excitations. The response of this model is studied for excitations that are applied to the largest masses. It is shown how choosing the mass of the smallest blocks influences the response of the system regarding the dissipation and how efficient targeted energy transfer is realized in the system. The simplified frequency energy plot is introduced as a means of analyzing the response of multi-degree-of-freedom systems for impulsive excitations. For continuous excitations, it is shown that the smallest masses (nonlinear energy sinks) are active only inside specific nonlinear frequency bands when the excitation amplitude is sufficiently high.
Translanguaging as bona fide practice in a multilingual South African science classroom
Authors: Charamba Erasmos
Published: March 2023

The call for improving students’ academic achievement in science education has increased in urgency in recent years. It has also increased in complexity in the face of the growing cultural and linguistic diversity of present-day classrooms following inter- and intra-state migration. Although translanguaging pedagogy, where languages of input and output are deliberately interchanged, remains a relatively young field of research, it has grown substantially in the past decade. The study presented in this article sought to explore the role language plays in the academic performance of multilingual students at a primary school in South Africa. Adopting an ethnographic research design, the author collected qualitative data through lesson observations video-recorded in a fifth-grade science class, supplemented with several interviews with the teacher. Data analysis involved a combination of both inductive and deductive methods, and the results affirm that translanguaging pedagogy is indispensable for effective learning in multilingual classrooms. The author’s findings confirm insights from previous research that the ability and encouragement to use multiple languages in science class allows multilingual students to engage in a practice of generating and creating scientific explanations in their own voice, resulting in better academic performance.
Let them research with
Authors: Berntsen Madelene Losvik , Vik Camilla Berge , Lykknes Annette
Published: March 2023

The French natural philosopher Henri Victor Regnault (1810–1878) was one of many researchers who contributed to the development of the thermometer in the 19th century. In this paper, we use an example from Regnault’s work to explore how the history of thermometry can provide a context for teaching upper-secondary chemistry students about the nature of science (NOS), particularly its aims and values. The study takes form as a hermeneutical spiral, wherein literature on the history and philosophy of science, NOS, the family resemblance approach (FRA), NOS teaching, characteristics of narratives, and the new performative paradigm feed into the spiral, along with input from an empirical study. A teaching unit (n = 21, duration = 90 min) was developed and tested on Norwegian students aged 17–18 years, and a thematic analysis of students’ statements (n = 13) was carried out. The students identified “being first,” “usefulness,” “accuracy,” and “minimalism” as values and aims that guided Regnault’s work. We argue that the use of this particular historical episode framed within FRA (1) invited students to identify with the human actor—Regnault, (2) invited students into the historical context of the development of the thermometer, and (3) demonstrated complexity and provided context to support students’ own construction of their understanding of NOS. To summarize, by deriving the term “research with” from the performative paradigm and using the context of the historical episode related to the thermometer within the FRA framework students were invited to research with Henri Regnault.
Truetemp cooled down: the stability of Truetemp intuitions
Authors: Ziółkowski Adrian , Wiegmann Alex , Horvath Joachim , Machery Edouard
Published: March 2023

In this paper, we report the results of three high-powered replication studies in experimental philosophy, which bear on an alleged instability of folk philosophical intuitions: the purported susceptibility of epistemic intuitions about the Truetemp case (Lehrer, Theory of knowledge. Westview Press, Boulder, 1990) to order effects. Evidence for this susceptibility was first reported by Swain et al. (Philos Phenomenol Res 76(1):138–155, 2008); further evidence was then found in two studies by Wright (Cognition 115(3):491–503. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cognition.2010.02.003, 2010) and Weinberg et al. (Monist 95(2):200–222, 2012). These empirical results have been quite influential in the recent metaphilosophical debate about the method of cases. However, none of Swain et al.’s (2008) predictions concerning order effects with Truetemp cases could be consistently and robustly replicated in our three experiments, and it is thus at best unclear whether Truetemp intuitions are in fact unstable. So, if proponents of the negative program in experimental philosophy still want to use order effects to challenge the reliability of philosophical case judgments, they would be well advised to look elsewhere instead. In any case, given the more robust empirical evidence that we present in this paper, the metaphilosophical flurry created by Swain et al. (2008) and Wright’s (2010) influential studies looks like mere alarmism in hindsight.
Präzision der Prognose von Nierenerkrankungen bei Diabetes mellitus Typ 2
Authors: Denicolò Sara , Mayer Gert
Published: March 2023

Bis zu 40 % der Patient:innen mit Diabetes mellitus Typ 2 entwickeln eine chronische Nierenerkrankung, aber nur ein relativ kleinen Teil eine terminale Niereninsuffizienz. Eine Einschätzung der individuellen renalen Prognose ist daher insbesondere in Anbetracht der neuen primär- und sekundärprophylaktischen Möglichkeiten von großer Bedeutung. In der klinischen Praxis werden nach KDIGO (Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes) v. a. die geschätzte glomeruläre Filtrationsrate (eGFR) und die Albuminurie für die Diagnosestellung und die Prognosestratifizierung herangezogen. In Kombination mit neuen Biomarkern kann damit das relative Risiko für Gruppen von Patient:innen zunehmend gut abgeschätzt werden, auf individueller Ebene sind die Vorhersagen aber noch immer ungenau. Eine Ursache für diese mangelhafte Präzision ist die neben der interindividuellen Heterogenität bestehende ausgeprägte longitudinale intraindividuelle Variabilität der Progression. Lösungsansätze sind eine wiederholte Evaluation des Risikos in kürzeren Abständen und/oder neue, aus der Mathematik übernommene Methoden, die a priori auf Einzelverläufe Rücksicht nehmen und es erlauben, das longitudinale Verhalten komplexer Systeme zu beschreiben.
Weiter so mit MTO? Konzeptionelle Entwicklungsbedarfe soziotechnischer Arbeits- und Systemgestaltung
Authors: Bendel Alexander , Latniak Erich
Published: March 2023

Dieser konzeptionelle Beitrag nimmt auf Grundlage ausgewählter Publikationen zu soziotechnischer Arbeits- und Systemgestaltung (STS) den Stand der Diskussion auf und stellt aktuelle Suchprozesse und Lösungsansätze vor, mit denen soziotechnische Ansätze aktuelle Herausforderungen der Arbeits- bzw. Systemgestaltung in industriellen Kontexten bearbeiten. Darauf aufbauend werden Forschungs- und Entwicklungsdesiderate benannt sowie Ansatzpunkte aufgezeigt, um zu praktisch tragfähigen Gestaltungsmethoden und -lösungen zu kommen. Dafür werden Erfahrungen und erste Ergebnisse eigener praktischer Forschungsarbeiten genutzt.
Laser-Assisted Flux-Cored Arc Welding Underwater
Authors: Rieck Marcel , Emde Benjamin , Koglin Jens , Hermsdorf Jörg
Published: March 2023

The underwater welding process using flux-cored electrodes presents a significant challenge in terms of reliable arc ignition and stability. Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate an underwater welding process that combines laser radiation with an arc to improve seam quality by introducing additional energy into the process zone. To examine the arcs safe ignition and stability during welding, various process parameters are evaluated by analyzing the resulting arc current and voltage characteristics, as well as the spectral process emissions. S235JR (1.0038) steel samples with a thickness of 10 mm are welded in a bead-on-plate configuration using flux-cored wire. The laser radiation with a wavelength of 1030 nm and a power of up to 2000 W has a supporting effect, influences the arc positively in that it fluctuates less and ensures a more uniform weld. The laser-assisted flux-cored welding process resulted in an improved seam quality with reduced surface pores and increased weld penetration depth and width. The requiered laser power for arc stabilization was about 20-30 % of the total energy balance. The arc current and voltage characteristcs also showed a reduction of up to 70 % in fluctuation. Overall, this study demonstrates that the laser-assisted flux-cored welding process presents a promising approach to overcome the challenges of underwater welding.
Lernprozesse und deren Förderung theoretisch verstehen: Von kleinen Fortschritten, von gegenwärtig priorisierten, aber nicht ausreichenden Abhilfen und von einem Wunschzettel
Authors: Renkl Alexander
Published: March 2023

Obwohl in den vergangenen Jahrzehnten wiederholt ein Theoriedefizit zu Fragen des Lernens und der Lernförderung konstatiert und zur Entwicklung einer fundierten theoretischen Basis aufgerufen wurde, besteht dieses Problem weiterhin. Wichtige Aspekte dieses Defizits (z. B. lediglich viele erklärungsmächtige Mini-Theorien oder aber grobe Rahmentheorien) und mögliche Ursachen dafür (z. B. Vernachlässigung von Theoriebildung als Ausbildungsinhalt) werden diskutiert. Es wird darauf eingegangen, dass Versprechen, die in den letzten Jahrzehnten mit neuen bzw. in Mode gekommenen übergreifenden theoretischen Perspektiven verbunden waren (neurowissenschaftliche Perspektive, situierte Perspektive, konstruktivistische Perspektive), nicht eingelöst werden konnten. Auch aktuelle Strömungen (z. B. Open Science), so wichtig sie für eine gute empirische Praxis sein mögen, zielen nicht prioritär darauf ab, die Theorieentwicklung zu fördern. Für die Zukunft wünschenswert wären (a) allgemein ein stärkerer Fokus auf Theorieentwicklung, (b) die Entwicklung integrativer Theorien und (c) die profunde theoretische Konzeptualisierung grundlegender, aber bislang weitgehend offener Fragen (z. B. zum Wechselspiel zwischen Lehr- bzw. Instruktionsdesign-Angeboten einerseits und den partiell immer selbstregulierten individuellen Lernprozessen andererseits).
Relating Cultural Psychology and Eco-phenomenology − Setting the Seeds for a Fertile Cooperation
Authors: von Fircks Enno Freiherr
Published: March 2023

In the present paper, I relate cultural psychology with eco-phenomenology. I am showing that both sciences draw on similar scientific underpinnings. Here, it is to note that cultural psychology as well as eco-phenomenology analyze a person’s relatedness towards an object. In phenomenology we speak of human landscapes whereas cultural psychology draws on the notion of action fields. Yet, both sciences only come into being while analyzing a person-environment-unit. Moreover, an action field (or landscape) develops between past and future, thus has a horizon of former and further experiences. However, this experience is shaped by other people’s experience, limited or expanded. Furthermore, it is only possible to analyze—in cultural psychology—as well as phenomenology—those meaningful environments by immerging into the action field of the social other. Statistical methods do bracket that environment. However, it is from cultural psychology that phenomenology can learn to incorporate a theory of activity, thus of psychic and physical energy. It is from phenomenology that cultural psychology might incorporate a complex theory of the phenomenological reduction with various opportunities for its application fields such as for the dialogical-self-theory. I end the article in appealing to path a way for a fertile cooperation.
Pineapple mealybug wilt-associated viruses 1, 2, and 3 are associated with mealybug wilt disease of pineapple in Peru
Authors: Carrasco-Lozano Emerson Clovis , Carrillo-Ordóñez Gabriela Angela , Gamarra-Gamarra Delia , Torres-Suarez Gilberto , Villar Charo Milagros , Stange Claudia , Valverde Rodrigo A.
Published: March 2023

Mealybug wilt of pineapple (MWP) is the most important disease of pineapple worldwide. During the months of September and November 2020, pineapple production fields of the cultivar Hawaiiana and hybrid MD-2 in Satipo and Chanchamayo provinces of Peru, showed typical symptoms of MWP. Based on symptoms, the disease incidence level ranged between 70 and 90%. Symptomatic and asymptomatic foliar samples were collected and tested by RT-PCR using primers specific for pineapple mealybug wilt virus (PMWaV) 1, 2, and 3. Selected amplified fragments were sequenced and analyzed with bioinformatics tools. PMWaV-1, 2, and 3 were detected in symptomatic samples of both cultivars but not in asymptomatic samples. PMWaV-1 showed a nucleotide identity of 91.70% with PMWaV-1 from Thailand; PMWaV-2, 99.81% with PMWaV-2 from Thailand; and PMWaV-3, 99.09% with PMWaV-3 from Cuba. Mixed infections of PMWaV-1, 2, and 3 were also detected in both cultivars. To our knowledge, this is the first report of PMWaV-1, 2, and 3, associated with pineapple in Peru.
Development of Bio-cultured Artificial Muscles with High Design Flexibility
Authors: Ohashi Hirono , Shigaki Shunsuke , Teramae Ryo , Shimizu Masahiro , Hosoda Koh
Published: March 2023

Recent advances in bionics have made it possible to create various tissue and organs. Using this cell culture technology, engineers have developed a robot driven by three-dimensional cultured muscle cells (bioactuator)—a muscle cell robot. For more applications, researchers have been developed various tissues and organs with bio3D printer. However, three-dimensional cultured muscle cells printed by bio3D printer have been not used for muscle cell robot yet. The aim of our study is to develop easy fabrication method of bioactuator having high design flexibility like as bio3D printer. We fabricated three-dimensional cultured muscle cells using mold and dish having pin which can contribute to shape and cell alignment. In this study, we observed that our method maintained the shape of three-dimensional cultured muscle cells and caused cell alignment which is important for bioactuator development. We named three-dimensional cultured muscle cells developed in this study “bio-cultured artificial muscle (BiCAM)”. Finally, we observed that BiCAM contracted in response to electrical stimulus. From these data, we concluded our proposed method is easy fabrication method of bioactuator having high design flexibility.
Risk Factors of Sepsis Associated Acute Kidney Injury in Patients with Sepsis: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Liu Haoran , Hou Shunxin , Tian Xinghan
Published: March 2023

Introduction

Sepsis associated acute kidney injury (SAKI) is a common complication of sepsis with high incidence and mortality around the world. SAKI characterized by low survival rate, poorlong-term prognosis and quality of life of patients, causes huge economic burden to family and society. A large amount of evidence indicates that early diagnosis and necessary treatment of SAKI can effectively improves the prognosis of patients. However, at present, laboratory indicators for early diagnosis of SAKI are limited. Therefore, understanding the risk factors associated with SAKI is crucial for early prediction of SAKI.

Method

The meta-analysis was conducted with PRISMA statement. All studies are collected from PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane library, Wiley online library and CNKI databases, and all published from the initiation of the database to Feb 11, 2022, were included.

Result

A total of 25 studies were included in this meta-analysis, with statistically significant risk factors as follows: diabetes [1.79 (1.43 2.24)], hypotension (MAP < 65 mmHg) [2.25 (1.88 2.70)], coagulation dysfunction [1.14 (1.04 1.24)], liver disease [1.68 (1.28 2.20)], heart disease [1.89 (1.54 3.31)], high APACHEII scores [1.25 (1.02 1.53)], lactic acidosis [1.65 (1.38 1.97)], oliguria [ 1.45 (1.01 2.08), high serum creatinine (> 88 mol/l) [3.84 (2.10 7.04)].

Conclusion

Diabetes, hypotension (MAP < 65 mmHg), coagulation dysfunction, liver disease, heart disease, high APACHEII score, lactic acidosis, oliguria, high serum creatinine are the risk factors of SAKI.
Is there a relation between the size of the list and the length of wait?
Authors: Armstrong Paul W.
Published: March 2023

Many investigators have hypothesised that an increase in admissions is associated with a decrease in Size.

The Size of a waiting list must increase by any excess of additions to the list over deductions from the list. A real change in enrolments (relative to admissions) must therefore correlate directly with any change in the Size of the list while a real change in admissions (relative to enrolments) must correlate indirectly with any change in the Size of the list.

But some of the results seem to provide support for an alternative in which an increase in admissions is associated with an increase in Size. When there is a problem, the first hypothesis calls for more resources, and the second for more restraint.

We may define the length of wait prospectively, using the distribution of completed waits of those enrolled, or we may define it retrospectively, using the completed waits of those admitted. But our choice has consequences. The relationship between changes in the Length of the subsequent wait and changes in the Size of the list must be direct because changes in Size are directly correlated with a real change in enrolments. Similarly, the relationship between changes in the Length of the prior wait and changes in Size must be indirect because changes in Size are indirectly correlated with a real change in admissions.

In this light, the second relationship appears to be an artefact and the second hypothesis a failure of reasoning.
Total Excess Mortality Surveillance for Real-Time Decision-Making in Disasters and Crises
Authors: Santos-Burgoa Carlos , Garcia-Meza Alejandra , Talayero Maria Jose , Kuenster Nolan , Goldman Hawes Ann S. , Andrade Elizabeth
Published: March 2023

Crises such as Hurricane Maria and the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic have revealed that untimely reporting of the death toll results in inadequate interventions, impacts communication, and fuels distrust on response agencies. Delays in establishing mortality are due to the contested definition of deaths attributable to a disaster and lack of rapid collection of vital statistics data from inadequate health system infrastructure. Readily available death counts, combined with geographic, demographic, and socioeconomic data, can serve as a baseline to build a continuous mortality surveillance system. In an emergency setting, real-time Total, All-cause, Excess Mortality (TEM) can be a critical tool, granting authorities timely information ensuring a targeted response and reduce disaster impact. TEM measurement can identify spikes in mortality, including geographic disparities and disproportionate deaths in vulnerable populations. This study recommends that measuring total, all-cause, excess mortality as a first line of response should become the global standard for measuring disaster impact.