bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
MÜLKİYET HAKKI KAPSAMINDA KAMU MALLARININ HACZEDİLMEZLİĞİ ÜZERİNE BİR DEĞERLENDİRME
Authors: YAĞCI Pınar
Published: December 2020

Kamunun malları, kamunun özel malları ve kamu malları olarak ikiye ayrılmaktadır. Kamunun özel malları özel hukuk kişilerinin malları ile aynı hukuki rejime tabidir. Ancak kamu malları, kamu hizmetlerinin yürütülmesi sırasında kullanılmak üzere kamu yararı amacına tahsis edilirler. Söz konusu tahsisin gerçekleştirilmesi ile kamu malı niteliğine sahip olan bu mallar, ulusal mevzuatımız uyarınca birtakım özel korumalardan da yararlanır. Bu özel korumalardan biri de kamu mallarının haczedilememesi özelliğidir. Bu özel korumanın amacı ise kamu hizmetlerinin aksamadan yürütülmesi ve böylece kamu hizmetlerinin sürekliliği ilkesinin sağlanmasıdır. Ancak bu korumanın bir sonucu olarak idarelerden alacağı bulunan özel kişiler ulusal mevzuatımızda bulunan hükümler nedeniyle bu alacaklarını tahsil edememektedir. Böylece kişiler Anayasa’nın 35. maddesi ve Avrupa İnsan Hakları Sözleşmesi’nin Ek 1 Numaralı Protokolünün 1. Maddesi ile korunan mülkiyet haklarından yoksun kalmaktadır. Alacak haklarını elde edemeyen kişiler öncelikle Avrupa İnsan Hakları Mahkemesine, 2012 yılından beri ise Anayasa Mahkemesine bireysel başvuru kapsamında başvuruda bulunmaktadır. Her iki mahkemenin de yerleşik içtihadı uyarınca kamu mallarının haczedilmezliği özelliği gerekçe gösterilerek kişilerin alacak haklarından mahrum bırakılmalarının mülkiyet hakkı ihlali niteliğinde olduğu kabul edilmektedir.
Consumer mindfulness and impulse buying behavior: testing moderator effects of hedonic shopping value and mood
Authors: Kaytaz Yiğit Melis
Published: December 2020

Given the limited quantity of studies within the literature, this study investigates the moderator role of hedonic shopping value and mood in the relationship between consumer mindfulness and impulse buying behavior. The study is quantitative and descriptive and using a convenient sampling method, 223 online questionnaires were obtained in Samsun, Trabzon, and İstanbul. The responses collected from a close-ended questionnaire using a 5-point Likert scale was tested at Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) through AMOS.The findings of the study indicated that consumers with mindfulness exhibit negative impulse buying behavior. Although the study results reveal that hedonic shopping value has a moderator role in the relationship between consumers with low mindfulness and their impulse buying behavior, the moderator role of hedonic shopping value in the relationship between consumers with high mindfulness and impulse buying behavior is not proved. Besides, it is found that consumers’ positive and negative moods have not a moderator role in the relationship between mindfulness and impulse buying behavior. From this viewpoint, the study’s result will provide practitioners and academicians to understand the impulse buying behavior patterns of consumers with mindfulness.
Potential of aquaporins and connexins in dogs and their relation to the reproductive tract
Authors: KULUS MAGDALENA , WIECZORKIEWICZ MARIA , KULUS JAKUB , SKOWROŃSKI MARIUSZ T. , KRANC WIESŁAWA , BUKOWSKA DOROTA , WĄSIATYCZ GRZEGORZ , KEMPISTY BARTOSZ , ANTOSIK PAWEŁ
Published: December 2020

The complexity of processes in the female reproductive system of mammals is extremely sophisticated. The overall relationship between the processes during the oestrus cycle in animals is quite well understood, but the molecular background of these processes still requires an in-depth analysis. Bitches are distinguished by a specific course of sexual cycle during which the oocyte matures after ovulation in the oviduct. Other species of mammals are characterized by maturation of the oocyte within the ovary. Acquisition of developmental competence by cumulus – oocyte complexes seems to be a process with a complex molecular background, and the key to understanding it may be the analysis of intercellular channels. Aquaporins and connexins are structural proteins that are built into the cell membrane. Their location is widespread in many body tissues. Recent years have shown that they exhibit significant expression in different parts of the mammalian reproductive system, although the number of studies on dogs is still negligible. This review paper presents the current state of knowledge of water channels and gap junction connections in different animal species, with particular focus on dogs, and also explores the role of aquaporins and connexins in the acquisition of reproductive competences.
Efficient Synthesis and Antimicrobial Activities of Long Alkyl Chain Trifluoromethyl1H-pyrazol-1-(thio)carboxamides and Trifluoromethyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl-thiazoles
Authors: de Mello Debora , Malavolta Juliana , Santos Roberto , Lopes Leonardo , Moura Sidnei , Flores Darlene , Flores Alex
Published: December 2020

The synthesis of 3-alkyl-5-trifluoromethyl-1H-pyrazole-1-carboxamides, 3-alkyl5-trifluoromethyl-1H-pyrazole-1-thiocarboxamides, and 2-(3-alkyl-5-trifluoromethyl-1H-pyrazol1-yl)-thiazoles derivatives are reported. [3 + 2] cyclocondensations for a series of long alkyl chain 1,1,1-trifluoro-4-methoxyalk-3-en-2-ones and semicarbazide or thiosemicarbazide were carried out in ethanol, an eco-friendly medium. The series of trifluoromethyl-1H-pyrazol-1-ylthiocarboxamide following a [3 + 2] cyclocondensation with 2-bromoacetophenone were converted into two series of 2-(3-alkyl-5-trifluoromethyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-thiazoles. Good yields (69-96%) of the isolated products were obtained. The structures of the new long alkyl chain 1H-pyrazoles and 2-(1H-pyrazol-1-yl)thiazoles were characterized using 1 H, 13C, and 19F nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometric (ESI MS/MS) data. Moreover, some of the products were evaluated for their antimicrobial activity against Gram-negative Escherichia coli American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) 35218, Salmonella enteritidis ATCC 13076, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 15692; and Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538, methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA clinical isolate), Streptococcus sp. (clinical isolate), and Candida albicans ATCC 14053 and Candida krusei ATCC 6258 fungi. All the tested 1H-pyrazoles exhibited antibacterial and antifungal activities at the tested concentrations. The compounds from series 4 were found to be powerful against MRSA.
Sprezzatura: Moda, Müzik ve Resimde; Sanatsallığı Gizleme Sanatı
Authors: Basak Rasim
Published: December 2020

Baldassare Castiglione’nin 1528 tarihinde yazdığı Il Cortegiano isimli kitaba konu olan sprezzatura kavramı, dönemi ve sonrası için çığır açmış, estetik yaklaşımları derinden etkilemiş bir kavramdır. Bugün hala estetikte tartışılagelen; güzellik ve grazia gibi kavramları açıklamak için oldukça etkili bir araçtır. Başlangıçta, bir Rönesans aristokratının davranışları ve sahip olması gereken özelliklere yönelik kullanılan bir kelime olup; kavramsal kökleri Aristoteles ve Cicero’ya kadar dayandırılır. Antik Yunan’dan beri tartışılagelen sanat eserinde ulaşılmak istenen grazia’ya ulaşmak için mutlak bir gereklilik, bir araç olarak da görülür. İnsan eliyle yapılan bütün sanatsal eylemlerde sprezzatura, ustalık noktasının da ötesi, en üst olgunluk noktasının bir ifadesi olarak görülür. Edebiyat, resim, heykel, görsel sanatların tümü, moda, mimari, konuşma sanatı ve müzikte sprezzatura alana özgü farklılıklar doğrultusunda sanatçının dikkate alması gereken bir prensiptir. Bu makalede sprezzatura, estetik tartışmalar ışığında anlam ve kapsamı ile birlikte açıklanırken; özellikle moda, müzik ve resimde bu kavramın neyi ifade ettiği ortaya konulmaya çalışılmış, eğitim süreçlerine yönelik öneriler ortaya konulmuştur.Baldassare Castiglione’nin 1528 tarihinde yazdığı Il Cortegiano isimli kitaba konu olan sprezzatura kavramı, dönemi ve sonrası için çığır açmış, estetik yaklaşımları derinden etkilemiş bir kavramdır. Bugün hala estetikte tartışılagelen; güzellik ve grazia gibi kavramları açıklamak için oldukça etkili bir araçtır. Başlangıçta, bir Rönesans aristokratının davranışları ve sahip olması gereken özelliklere yönelik kullanılan bir kelime olup; kavramsal kökleri Aristoteles ve Cicero’ya kadar dayandırılır. Antik Yunan’dan beri tartışılagelen sanat eserinde ulaşılmak istenen grazia’ya ulaşmak için mutlak bir gereklilik, bir araç olarak da görülür. İnsan eliyle yapılan bütün sanatsal eylemlerde sprezzatura, ustalık noktasının da ötesi, en üst olgunluk noktasının bir ifadesi olarak görülür. Edebiyat, resim, heykel, görsel sanatların tümü, moda, mimari, konuşma sanatı ve müzikte sprezzatura alana özgü farklılıklar doğrultusunda sanatçının dikkate alması gereken bir prensiptir. Bu makalede sprezzatura, estetik tartışmalar ışığında anlam ve kapsamı ile birlikte açıklanırken; özellikle moda, müzik ve resimde bu kavramın neyi ifade ettiği ortaya konulmaya çalışılmış, eğitim süreçlerine yönelik öneriler ortaya konulmuştur.
Kamerasız Fotoğrafın Kısa Tarihçesi ve Kamerasız Fotoğraf Teknikleriyle Üretim Yapan Çağdaş Fotoğrafçılar
Authors: Böcekler Burcu
Published: December 2020

Kamerasız fotoğraf (Cameraless photography) tekniği, fotoğraf makinesi kullanmadan ışığa duyarlı bir yüzey üzerinde görüntü elde etme yöntemidir. Kamerasız fotoğraf, karanlık odada agrandizör ışığında veya gün ışığı kullanarak yapılır. Başlıca kamerasız fotoğraf üretme yöntemleri fotogram, luminogram ve kemigramdır. Kamerasız fotoğraf yapımı, kimyasalları yüzeyler üzerinde test etmek amacı ile başlamıştır. William Henry Fox Talbot (1800-1877), 1834 yılında fotojenik çizimler adını verdiği denemelerinde fotogramın ilk örneklerini vermiştir. Fotogram 19. yüzyıl boyunca bitkilerin tipolojisini yapmak için kullanılmıştır. 20. yüzyılın başlarında, Avangard akımlar ile birlikte sanatçılar fotogramı deneysel bir görüntü elde yöntemi olarak yeniden kullanmaya başlamışlardır. Kamerasız fotoğraf üretimi günümüzde fotoğrafın kökenini temsil ettiği gibi, günümüz fotoğrafçılarının dijital fotoğrafa göre daha özgün ve bireysel işler üretebilmelerine olanak sağlamaktadır. Floris Neusüss (1937-2020), Pierre Cordier (1933-), Garry Fabian Miller (1957-), Robert Buelteman (1954-), Lynn Cazabon ve Nicola Naomi Coppola (1979-) bu çalışma kapsamında incelenen çağdaş fotoğrafçılardır. Eski ve yavaş bir teknik olan kamerasız fotoğraf yöntemi ile günümüz sanatçıları fotoğraf makinesini aradan çıkartarak beden, ekoloji, çevre ve teknoloji konularında işler üretmektedirler ve böylece güncel konuları tartışma imkanı elde etmektedirler. Bu çalışmalar arasında fotoğrafın ontolojisi üzerine düşünmeye sevk eden soyut ve kavramsal çalışmalar da önemli bir yer tutmaktadır. Bu bağlamda, bu çalışmada kamerasız fotoğraf tekniklerinin kısa tarihi anlatıldıktan sonra, kamerasız fotoğraf tekniği ile üretim yapan çağdaş fotoğrafçılar betimleyici yöntem ile incelenmiştir.
Different Timing of Adjuvant Low Dose hCG and GnRH Agonist Trigger Protocol, in OHSS High-Risk Patient with Peak E2 Level <4000 pg/mL
Authors: Petanovska Kostova Emilija Zoran , Sotirovska Velentina , Dimitrov Gligor , Stojkovska Snezana , Hadzi Lega Makjuli , Stojanovska Daniela , Stamenkovska Nikoleta , Simjanovska Liljana , Petanovski Zoranco
Published: December 2020

OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study is to compare the live birth rates between 1,500 I.U. of Human chorionic gonadotropin at the time of Gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist trigger day or 35-36 h later on the oocyte pick-up day, without affecting the risk of significant ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome development in high-risk patients with peak E2 level <4,000 pg/mL
STUDY DESIGN: This single-center prospective cohort study encompassed the period from March 2016 to March 2018 year. A total of 216 patients entered for final analysis, underwent a flexible antagonist protocol, intracytoplasmic sperm injection, and embryo transfer on the 3rd or 5th day in autologous cycles. Patients were randomized in one of two groups: Group A- Dual trigger group - 1,500 IU of Human chorionic gonadotropin at the time of Gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist trigger day and Group B- 1,500 IU of Human chorionic gonadotropin 35-36 h later, on the oocyte pick-up day. To compare the two groups, we used nonparametric and parametric statistical tests. Significant differences were considered all values of p<0.05.
RESULTS: There is no significant difference between the two (A vs B) groups according to the average number of retrieved oocytes (13.08 vs 14.41 p=0.08), M II oocytes (10.5 vs 10.95 p=0.46), GV (1.24 vs 1.52 p=0.09, the fertility rate (68.46% vs 64.04% p=0.07). The dual trigger group (A) had a significantly higher live birth rate (62.29% vs 42.37% p<0.05) compared with the Gonadotropin-releasing hormone-a trigger group (B). There were no cases of moderate or severe ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome in both groups.
CONCLUSION: Our study shows that in hyper responders where the E2 peak is <4,000 pg/mL, the two approaches to the final oocyte maturation trigger have a correct outcome of the results, both in terms of the results from the in vitro fertilization and the low risk of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome appearance.
INSTYTUCJE I TERMINOLOGIA PRAWA ŚREDNIOWIECZNEJ SZKOCJI
Authors: Jaworska-Biskup Katarzyna
Published: December 2020

Artykuł podejmuje zagadnienie rozwoju prawa szkockiego od okresu wczesnego do XIV w. Przedstawiona i opatrzona krótkim komentarzem periodyzacja prawa szkockiego ma na celu ukazanie kontekstu historycznego i prawnego, w którym kształtowało się to prawo. Na potrzeby analizy wyróżniono następujące fazy rozwoju prawa szkockiego: a) okres wczesny do około IX w.; b) okres od IX do XIII w., charakteryzujący się ekspansją królestwa Kennetha MacAlpina; c) okres wojen o niepodległość w XIII i XIV w. Dalsza część pracy zawiera opis najważniejszych źródeł prawa średniowiecznej Szkocji i katalog podstawowych pojęć i instytucji. Analizą objęto poszczególne gałęzie prawa, a mianowicie: a) struktura dworu królewskiego; b) prawo rodzinne; c) prawo rzeczowe i spadkowe; d) prawo zobowiązań; e) prawo karne; f) prawo procesowe. W artykule uwzględniono prawo Scottish Lowlands, Islands, Highlands i Marches. Do artykułu dołączono glosariusz omówionej terminologii prawniczej.
PRZESŁANKI WYDANIA I TREŚĆ DECYZJI O PRZEDSTAWIENIU ZARZUTÓW
Authors: Błotnicki Maciej
Published: December 2020

Przedstawienie zarzutów pełni ważne funkcje na gruncie procesu karnego. W toku śledztwa przybiera ono co do zasady postać decyzji, którą należy ogłosić osobie, przeciwko której kierowane jest postępowanie. W ten sposób kreuje się bierną stronę procesu. W konsekwencji, stawiając zarzut, nie tylko informuje się podejrzanego o zarzucanym mu czynie, lecz również zapewnia mu wiele gwarancji procesowych, umożliwiających podjęcie rzeczowej obrony. Z powyższych względów łączne rozważenie zarówno przesłanek uzasadniających wszczęcie fazy in personam, jak i treści postanowienia jawi się jako niezbędne, aby móc w pełni urzeczywistnić regułę rzetelnego procesu karnego.
POSTĘPOWANIE DOWODOWE W SPRAWIE O USTALENIE WYPADKU PRZY PRACY
Authors: Siemienkiewicz Kararzyna
Published: December 2020

Ugruntowana linia orzecznicza Sądu Najwyższego uznaje dopuszczalność kierowania przez pracownika powództwa o ustalenie, że określone zdarzenie miało charakter wypadku przy pracy. Celem postępowania sądowego jest potwierdzenie zaistnienia prawotwórczego faktu – wypadku przy pracy. Ciężar dowodzenia spoczywa na pracowniku, jednak pracodawca nie pozostaje bierny w toku procesu. Postępowanie przed sądem pracy ma charakter odrębny i w wielu aspektach odbiega od ogólnych reguł. W celu wykazania przesłanek wypadku przy pracy, pracownik może posługiwać się wszelkimi dostępnymi środkami dowodowymi, np. dowodem z dokumentów, zeznań świadków czy opinii biegłego.
Marek Kuryłowicz, Rzymskie prawo oraz zwyczaje grobowe i pogrzebowe Studia i szkice, Wydawnictwo Werset, Lublin 2020, ISBN 978-83-65713-51-3, ss. 288.
Authors: Loska Elżbieta
Published: December 2020

Marek Kuryłowicz, Rzymskie prawo oraz zwyczaje grobowe i pogrzebowe Studia i szkice, Wydawnictwo Werset, Lublin 2020,ISBN 978-83-65713-51-3, ss. 288.
Targeting the JAK/STAT Signaling Pathway for Breast Cancer
Authors: Shao Fei , Pang Xiaonan , Baeg Gyeong Hun
Published: December 2020

Breast cancer is the most common malignant tumor in women worldwide. Traditional
ways of treatment, including radiotherapy and endocrine therapy, for breast cancer
have inevitable side effects. In recent decades, targeted therapies for breast cancer
have rapidly advanced and shown a promising future. The JAK/STAT signaling pathway
has been shown to play important roles in tumorigenesis, maintenance and metastasis of
breast cancer. Hence, many small molecule inhibitors of JAK and STAT proteins have
been developed. These inhibitors exhibit potent inhibitory effects on breast cancer in
both cellular and animal models, and even some of them have already been in clinical
trials. This review article discussed the JAK/STAT signal transduction pathway in the
pathogenesis of breast cancer, and the potential for the application of JAK/STAT inhibitors
in breast cancer treatment.
Efficacy and Safety of Corticosteroids’ Administration for Pulmonary Immaturity in Anticipated Preterm Delivery
Authors: Athanasiadis Apostolos , Dagklis Themistoklis , Tsakiridis Ioannis , Papazisis Georgios
Published: December 2020

Preterm delivery represents the major cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality. Respiratory morbidity
is the primary cause of early neonatal mortality and disability. The administration of antenatal corticosteroids,
in cases of imminent preterm delivery, can enhance fetal lung maturation and reduce the incidence of
respiratory distress syndrome, leading to improved neonatal outcomes. The scope of this narrative review was
to synthesize available evidence on the efficacy and safety of corticosteroids' administration during antenatal
period, in cases of anticipated preterm delivery. Hence, for those cases, a single course of antenatal corticosteroids
from 24 up to 34 gestational weeks should be offered. Betamethasone and dexamethasone are the most
widely used drugs, with similar effectiveness and a recommended dosage of 24mg in divided doses, over a 24-
hour period. However, there is an ongoing debate regarding the gestational age of administration. Some obstetric
societies recommend their administration even at 22 weeks of gestation. Conflicting is also their usefulness
in late preterm cases (between 34 and 37 weeks) or in cases of elective cesarean delivery at term. The use of
repeated courses of corticosteroids may be considered in specific cases, however, concerns on the long-term
outcomes of repeated courses beyond 34 gestational weeks have been raised.
Bioactive Peptides Originating from Gastrointestinal Endogenous Proteins in the Growing Pig: In Vivo Identification
Authors: Dave Lakshmi A. , Hayes Maria , Mora Leticia , Rutherfurd Shane M. , Montoya Carlos A. , Moughan Paul J.
Published: December 2020

Background:

Recent in silico and in vitro studies have shown that gastrointestinal endogenous proteins
(GEP) are a source of bioactive peptides. To date, however, the presence of such peptides in the lumen of
the digestive tract has not been demonstrated.

Objective:

We investigated the generation of GEP-derived bioactive peptides in the growing pig fed a proteinfree
diet.

Methods:

Stomach chyme (SC) and jejunal digesta (JD) fractions from 6 growing pigs (two sampling times)
were assessed for their angiotensin-I-converting enzyme (ACE-I; EC 3.4.15.1) inhibition, and antioxidant activity
using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) inhibition, ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and
microsomal lipid peroxidation (MLP) inhibition assays.

Results:

Two of the fractions prepared from JD samples inhibited ACE-I and DPPH by 81 (± 2.80)% and 94
(±0.66)%. SC fractions were found to inhibit MLP between 15-39 (±3.52-1.40)%. The study identified over 180
novel peptide sequences that were related to the determined bioactivities, including a porcine serum albuminderived
peptide (FAKTCVADESAENCDKS), corresponding to f(7-23) of the human serum albumin peptide
LVNEVTEFAKTCVADESAENCDKSLHTLF that was previously identified from the digests of the latter GEP.

Conclusions:

This study provides the first in vivo evidence for GEP as a source of bioactive peptides. These new
findings help advance our knowledge of the latent bioactive role of GEP-derived peptides in mammalian nutrition
and health and their potential pharmaceutical applications.
Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Intensive Care Unit Patients
Authors: Ayala Juan C. , Grismaldo Adriana , Aristizabal-Pachon Andres F. , Mikhaylenko Elizaveta V. , Nikolenko Vladimir N. , Mikhaleva Liudmila M. , Somasundaram Siva G. , Kirkland Cecil E. , Aliev Gjumrakch , Morales Ludis
Published: December 2020

Background:

In patients admitted to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU), mortality is high due to multiple
organ damage. Mitochondrial dysfunction and impaired oxygen consumption, as causative mechanisms, play a
significant role in reducing the activity of immune cells in sepsis, resulting in the progression of the multiple
organ dysfunction syndromes (MODS). The evaluation of mitochondrial function in critical care patients in the
immune cells, especially in lymphocytes, could reveal the target point that determines mitochondrial failure.

Objective:

To find the relationship between mitochondrial reactive oxygen species production (mROS), mitochondrial
membrane potential (ΔΨm), and mitochondrial oxygen consumption (mVO2) in peripheral plasma
lymphocytes collected from ICU patients. We also compared these three characteristic mitochondrial functions
with C-reactive protein (CRP), serum lactate, and central venous saturation (SvO2) that would enable the prediction
of the ultimate outcome.

Methods:

Isolated lymphocytes from 54 critical care patients with SIRS by sepsis and non-sepsis etiologies
were analyzed with flow cytometry by staining with dihydroethidium and JC-1, measuring mROS, ΔΨm, and
mVO2. Clinical variables, such as serum lactate (mmol/L) and C-reactive protein (mg/L) from peripheral blood,
were measured in the first 24 hours of admission. A confounding analysis was performed using logistic regression,
and a p-value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results :

It has been confirmed that there is a drastic increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) and mVO2 in
critically ill patients immediately after exposure to the insult pathogen-associated molecular pattern /damageassociated
molecular pattern (PAMPS/DAMPS) and continued for the first 24 hours thereafter. The results
showed no significant alterations in the mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) compared with the lymphocytes
in controls. A significant correlation between CRP and SvO2 and a strong positive relationship between
CRP, values above 3 mg/l, and white blood cells were observed.

Conclusion:

Lymphocytes from patients with SIRS displayed higher mitochondrial respiratory capacities and
reactive oxygen species production compared with controls. Clinical markers of inflammation indirectly evaluate
the mitochondrial function, most of which have been validated in a clinical setting.
Microbial Enzymes used in Prodrug Activation for Cancer Therapy: Insights and Future Perspectives
Authors: Dhankhar Rakhi , Kawatra Anubhuti , Mohanty Aparajita , Gulati Pooja
Published: December 2020

Enzyme prodrug therapy has gained momentum in recent years due to its ability to improve
therapeutic index (benefits versus toxic side-effects) and efficacy of chemotherapy in cancer
treatment. Inactive prodrugs used in this system are converted into active anti-cancerous drugs by
enzymes, specifically within the tumor cells. This therapy involves three components namely prodrug,
enzyme and gene delivery vector. Past reports have clearly indicated that the choice of enzyme
used is the major determinant for the success of this therapy. Generally, enzymes from nonhuman
sources are employed to avoid off-target toxicity. Exogenous enzymes also give better control
to the clinician regarding the calibration of treatment by site-specific initiation. Amongst these
exo-enzymes, microbial enzymes are preferred due to their high productivity, stability and ease of
manipulation. The present review focuses on the commonly used microbial enzymes, particularly
cytosine deaminase, nitroreductase, carboxypeptidase, purine nucleoside phosphorylase in prodrug
activation therapy. Various aspects viz. source of the enzymes, types of cancer targeted, mode of action
and efficacy of the enzyme/prodrug system, efficient vectors used and recent research developments
of each of these enzymes are comprehensively elaborated. Further, the results of the clinical
trials and various strategies to improve their clinical applicability are also discussed.
Docking Paradigm in Drug Design
Authors: Sulimov Vladimir B. , Kutov Danil C. , Taschilova Anna S. , Ilin Ivan S. , Tyrtyshnikov Eugene E. , Sulimov Alexey V.
Published: December 2020

Docking is in demand for the rational computer aided structure based drug design. A review of docking methods and programs is presented. Different types of docking programs are described. They include docking of non-covalent small ligands, protein-protein docking, supercomputer docking, quantum docking, the new generation of docking programs and the application of docking for covalent inhibitors discovery. Taking into account the threat of COVID-19, we present here a short review of docking applications to the discovery of inhibitors of SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 target proteins, including our own result of the search for inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 main protease using docking and quantum chemical post-processing. The conclusion is made that docking is extremely important in the fight against COVID-19 during the process of development of antivirus drugs having a direct action on SARS-CoV-2 target proteins.
Dihydropyrimidinones Scaffold as a Promising Nucleus for Synthetic Profile and Various Therapeutic Targets: A Review
Authors: Khasimbi Shaik , Ali Faraat , Manda Kiran , Sharma Anjali , Chauhan Garima , Wakode Sharad
Published: December 2020

Background:

This review elaborates the updated synthetic and pharmacological approaches of a
known group of dihydropyrimidinones/thiones from the multi-component reaction like Biginelli reaction, which
was named Pietro Biginelli in 1891. This review consists of the reaction of an aromatic aldehyde, urea and ethyl
acetoacetate leading to dihydropyrimidinone/thione. Currently, the scientific movement to develop economically
viable green methods using compounds that are reusable, non-volatile, easily obtained, etc.

Objective:

This review covers the recent synthesis and pharmacological advancement of dihydropyrimidinones/
thiones moiety, along with covering the structure-activity relationship of the most potent compounds,
which may prove to become better, more efficacious and safer agents. Thus, this review may help the researchers
in drug designing and development of new Dihydropyrimidinones entities.

Conclusion:

This review focuses on the wide application of dihydropyrimidinone/thione review reports the design,
synthesis and pharmacological activities of nitrogen-sulphur containing dihydropyrimidinone moiety by using
multi-component reaction. Dihydropyrimidinones (DHPM) pharmacophore is an important heterocyclic ring
in medicinal chemistry. It is derived from multi-component reactions, “Biginelli reaction” and plays a critical
role as anticancer, antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, anti-HIV-1, antimalarial, anti-inflammatory, antihypertensive
and anti-tubercular agents. Exhaustive research has led to its vast biological profile, with a wide
range of therapeutic application.
Arsenic Trioxide-based Nanomedicines as a Therapeutic Combination Approach for Treating Gliomas: A Review
Authors: Siddique Rabeea , Khan Suliman , Bai Qian , Li Hongmin , Ullah Muhammad Wajid , Xue Mengzhou
Published: December 2020

Glioblastoma is one of the fatal and aggressive types of brain tumors. The current standard
treatment for glioblastoma multiform (GBM) is surgical resection coupled with radiotherapy and
chemotherapy. Although ample research has been performed, and multiple novel pharmacological
approaches have been investigated for developing effective therapeutic drugs for treating GBM, the
success of extending the survival of the patient is notably low. The unique barrier limiting GBM
treatment is the presence of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), and most of the chemotherapeutic drugs
fail to cross it due to their high molecular weight and large size. The currently used chemo drugs for
GBM have poor penetration ability to the brain and cause off-target toxicity due to a high dose for
maintaining drug concentration at the tumor site. The use of nanomaterial composites for co-delivery
of multiple therapeutic drugs offers several advantages by encompassing the aforementioned obstacles.
In this review, the first part sheds light on the characteristics of GBM and the major challenges
faced by the current pharmacological treatments. The second part emphasizes the application of nanomaterials-
based nanotherapeutics to overcome the challenges associated with current GBM therapy.
A closer look is given to the use of FDA approved traditional Chinese medicine arsenic trioxide
(ATO) and its application as co-delivery nanoparticles (i.e., ATO-NPs) against solid tumors, especially
gliomas. In short, a breakthrough in nanotechnology offers a promising platform to treat GBM;
however, rigorous efforts need to be devoted in order to develop novel therapeutic drugs with higher
therapeutic efficiency and limited side effects.
Plant Mediated Silver Nanoparticles and Mode of Action in Cancer Therapy: A Review
Authors: Sharma Rama , Srivastava Nancy
Published: December 2020

Background:

Cancer is a widespread fatal disease that is associated with abnormal growth of cells in the body.

Objectives:

This article represent, applications of biologically synthesized silver nanoparticles and their mode of action in cancer therapy.

Methods:

Nanomedicines have been proved to be an effective therapy in the treatment of the disease because of a wide range of
applications. Due to the small shape and size, these nanoparticles are emerging to be of novel importance. They are abundantly found in
various resources with easy extraction

Results:

Biologically synthesized silver nanoparticles are safe for humans as well as for the environment. These may replace the use of
these harmful therapies like chemotherapy etc. using in cancer treatment because these have severe side effects. Sometimes patient may
die because of these side effects.

Conclusion:

These green nanoparticles have great potential to treat and diagnose different cancers. This article laid a research
opportunity for the diagnosis and treatment of cancer.
Anticancer Potential of Doxorubicin in Combination with Green-Synthesized Silver Nanoparticle and its Cytotoxicity Effects on Cardio-Myoblast Normal Cells
Authors: Saeidi Jafar , Dolatabadi Samaneh , Esfahani Mahbubeh B. , Saeidi Masood , Mohtashami Mahnaz , Mokhtari Kiana , Ghasemi Ahmad
Published: December 2020

Background:

The use of DOX as an anticancer agent is associated with serious side effects on normal
cells especially in cardiovascular tissue.

Objective:

Here, it is proposed that the combination of a low dose of DOX with AgNPs provides ideal
cytotoxicity against cancer cells and decreases side effects on normal human cells. This study evaluates the
cytotoxic effects of green-synthetized AgNPs (GS-AgNPs) in combination with DOX in cancerous cells (MCF7)
and investigates its influences on cell growth and apoptosis in a normal cell line of the heart (H9c2).

Methods:

We used coffee extracts, as a reducing and stabilizing agent for the green-synthesis of AgNPs. GSAgNPs
were characterized by using various analytical methods. MTT assay was used for cell toxicity analysis in
cancerous and normal cells. Moreover, Annexin-V /PI staining and mRNA expression of Bax, Bcl2 and p53 were
performed for apoptosis measurement in heart normal cell line.

Results:

GS-AgNPs showed more biocompatibility for normal cells and higher cytotoxicity for cancerous cells
compared to that reported for chemically synthesized nanoparticles. Our results also demonstrated that a selected
combination of DOX and AgNPs, 20 μM AgNPs / 0.3 μM DOX, had a suitable cytotoxic effect against
cancerous cells with a minimum toxic effect on normal cells. So, no significant alteration was observed in cell
migration capacity, apoptosis and gene expression of BAX, Bcl-2 and P53 when H9c2 cells were treated with 20
μM AgNPs / 0.3 μM DOX relative to the non-treated control.

Conclusion:

Finally, it seems that the combination of GS-AgNPs and DOX could be a potent strategy to combat
cancer.
Recent Patents on the Angular Contact Ball Bearing of High-Speed Motorized Spindle
Authors: Bao Yudong , Wu Linkai , Zhao Yanling , Pan Chengyi
Published: December 2020

Background::

Angular contact ball bearings are the most popular bearing type used in the high speed spindle for machining centers, The performance of the bearing directly affects the machining efficiency of the machine tool, Obtaining a higher value is the direction of its research and development.

Objective::

By analyzing the research achievements and patents of electric spindle angular contact bearings, summarizing the development trend provides a reference for the development of electric spindle bearings.

Methods::

Through the analysis of the relevant technology of the electric spindle angular contact ball bearing, the advantages and disadvantages of the angular contact ball bearing are introduced, and the research results are combined with the patent analysis.

Results::

With the rapid development of high-speed cutting and numerical control technology and the needs of practical applications, the spindle requires higher and higher speeds for bearings. In order to meet the requirements of use, it is necessary to improve the bearing performance by optimizing the structure size and improving the lubrication conditions. Meanwhile, reasonable processing and assembly methods will also have a beneficial effect on bearing performance.

Conclusion::

With the continuous deepening of bearing technology research and the use of new structures and ceramic materials has made the bearing's limit speed repeatedly reach new highs. The future development trend of high-speed bearings for electric spindles is environmental protection, intelligence, high speed, high precision and long life.
Sirtuin3 in Neurological Disorders
Authors: Sherin Farhath , Gomathy S. , Antony Shanish
Published: December 2020

Sirtuins are NAD+ dependent enzymes that have a predominant role in neurodegenerative
disorders and also regulate the inflammatory process, protein aggregation, etc. The
relationships between sirtuins with that of the nervous system and neurodegeneration, are widely
studied. Sirtuins have a strong role in metabolic syndrome in mitochondria also. The activities of
sirtuins can be altered by using small molecules that would be developed into drugs and it is
proven that the manipulation of SIRT1 activity influences neurodegenerative disease models. They
are interesting since using small molecules, which would be developed into a drug, it is feasible to
alter the activities of sirtuins. Different functions of sirtuins depend upon their subcellular localization.
In this review paper, we discuss different sirtuins, differential expression of sirtuins, and expression
of sirtuin in the brain and briefly explains Sirtuin3 (SIRT3).
Collagen and Carbon-ferrous Nanoparticles Used as a Green Energy Composite Material for Energy Storage Devices
Authors: Sundaramurthy Inbasekaran , Thiyagarajan Gurunathan , Panda Ramesh Chandra , Sankar Samickannku
Published: December 2020

Background::

Chrome shavings, a bioactive material, are generated from tannery as waste material. These chrome shaving can be used for the preparation of many value-added products.

Objective::

One such attempt is made to use these chrome shaving wastes as a composite bio-battery to produce DC voltage, an alternate green energy source and cleaner technology.

Methods::

Chrome shavings are hydrolyzed to make collagen paste and mixed with the ferrous nanoparticles of Moringa oleifera leaves and Carbon nanoparticles of Onion peels to form electrolyte paste as base. Then, the electrolyte base was added to the aluminum paste and conducting gel, and mixed well to form composite material for bio-battery.

Results::

The composite material of bio-battery has been characterized using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and Thermo Gravimetric Analysis (TGA). Series and parallel circuit testing were done using Copper and Zinc electrodes or Carbon and Zinc electrodes as the battery terminals in the electrolyte paste. The surface area of these electrodes needs standardization from bench to pilot scale. The power generated, for an AA battery size, using a single bio-battery cell has produced a DC voltage of 1.5 V; current of 900 mA. Circuit testing on 1 ml of 80 well-cells connected in series has produced DC output of 18 V and 1100 mA whereas 48 V and 1500 mA were obtained from a series-parallel connection.

Conclusion::

The glass transition temperature (Tg) of electrolyte of the bio-battery at 53°C indicated
that at this temperature, all the substances present in the bio-battery were well spread and consistently
contributed to the electrolyte activity where Fe-C-nano-particles were able to form strong
chemical bonds on the flanking hydroxyl group sites of the collagen leading to reduced mobility
of polymers and increased Tg. The results instigate promising trends for commercial exploitation
of this composite for bio-battery production.
Development of a program for care during delivery for prevention of urinary incontinence
Authors: Shinozaki Katsuko
Published: December 2020

Urinary incontinence after childbirth, which is also referred to as postpartum urinary incontinence, is the involuntary leaking of urine that can be experienced by new mothers. It can also occur during pregnancy and, either way, can have a dramatic impact on quality of life. In addition
to urinary incontinence, there are a range of other pelvic floor disorders that can affect pregnant women and new mothers, including pelvic organ prolapse and fecal incontinence. Katsuko Shinozaki is a researcher based at the Postgraduate School of Health and Welfare Science at the International
University of Health and Welfare, Japan. She is focusing her research on this issue. Shinozaki is developing a programme for care during childbirth for the prevention of urinary incontinence.
Design for the visually impaired when traveling outdoors using omnidirectional imagery and image recognition
Authors: Baba Tetsuaki
Published: December 2020

Assistive technologies, such as devices to help perform tasks, cognitive aids, mobility aids, physical modifications in the built environment and closed captioning, help to improve or maintain a person's ability to complete day-to-day tasks. For example, assistive technologies can be
helpful for people with disabilities or the elderly, enabling them to work around challenges they may encounter. The development of assistive technologies depends on datasets, which are used for training, testing or validation. Furthermore, making such datasets widely available can help advance
the field of assistive technologies. One area in which assistive technologies can be useful is in helping people who are visually impaired. For example, electronic mobility aids use ultrasonic waves that reflect off objects in front of people, letting them know what is ahead. At the Division
of Industrial Art, Faculty of System Design, Tokyo Metropolitan University, in Japan, Associate Professor Tetsuaki Baba is using a deep learning approach to develop assistive technology for visually impaired people. As a foundation for this work, he and his team have developed a dataset for
developers to create deep learning vision-based applications for visually impaired people.
Innovación en la Región Caribe de Colombia: aportes teóricos y buenas prácticas
Authors: Machado Licona Jhorquis , Cardona Arbeláez Diego , Hoyos Estrada Sherly Karina , Suárez Otero Dora Luz , Ríos Suárez Omar José , González Díaz Jaime Eduardo , Del Río Cortina Jorge , Gómez Domínguez Andrea , Sierra Galindo María José , Martínez Carazo Piedad , García Chávez Isaura Esther , Fortich Tulena Lorena , De La Hoz Del Villar Rita , García Paternina Maribel , Aguilera Alvear Alexis Andrés , García Mogollón Carlos Alberto , Da Cruz Landim Paula , Queiroz Ferreira Barata Tomás
Published: December 2020

El presente libro, resultado de investigación, aborda la evolución en innovación en el Departamento de Sucre, mostrando en el 1er. capítulo un acercamiento al proceso de inversión en Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación del Departamento de Sucre–CTeI; posteriormente, en los capítulos 2 y 3, se enfoca en la educación. En dichos capítulos, se propone modelo de innovación aplicados a las instituciones de Educación Superior. En los capítulos 4. a 6., se muestran resultados de estudio enfocados en la innovación social, proponiendo modelos que favorecen el mejoramiento de las condiciones de las comunidades. Y, finalmente, los capítulos 7 a 10 se enfocan en el ámbito empresarial, estudiando las dinámicas de Innovación en el Sector Agro.
The Effect of Curing Temperature on the Morphology and Electro-Optical Properties of a Flexible UV-Cured Polymer Dispersed Liquid Crystal (PDLC)
Authors:   Plastic Liquid Crystal Technology , Via Lambro 80, 20846 Macherio (MB), Italy, Hakemi Hassan-Ali
Published: December 2020

In this work, the experimental data on flexible PDLC films at the industrial scale and the effect of cure temperature (Tc) on the morphology and electro-optical properties of a UV-cured PDLC system via polymer-induced phase separation (PIPS) method were studied. Under constant UV radiation intebsity and thickness, the morphological parameters such as dimension, number density, and volume fraction of the phase-separated liquid crystal droplets as well as the optical transmissions and switching voltages as a function of cure temperature were determined. The effect of cure temperature on the morphology and electro-optical properties of UV-cured PDLC films were analyzed.
A Shared Cancer Follow-Up Model of Care Between General Practitioners and Radiation Oncologists for Patients With Breast, Prostate, and Colorectal Cancer: Protocol for a Mixed Methods Implementation Study
Authors: Sandell Tiffany , Schütze Heike , Miller Andrew
Published: December 2020

Background

The rising incidence of cancer and increasing numbers of cancer survivors have resulted in the need to find alternative models of care for cancer follow-up care. The acceptability for follow-up care in general practice is growing, and acceptance increases with shared-care models where oncologists continue to oversee the care. However, a major barrier to this model is the effective exchange of information in real time between oncologists and general practitioners. Improved communication technology plays an important role in the acceptability and feasibility of shared cancer follow-up care.

Objective

The aim of this study is to evaluate the feasibility and acceptability of a shared cancer follow-up model of care between patients, general practitioners and radiation oncologists.

Methods

This is a mixed methods, multisite implementation study exploring shared follow-up care for breast, colorectal, and prostate cancer patients treated with curative radiotherapy in New South Wales, Australia. This study uses web-based technology to support general practitioners in performing some aspects of routine radiotherapy follow-up care, while being overseen by a radiation oncologist in real time. The study has two phases: Phase 1 is designed to establish the level of agreement between general practitioners and radiation oncologists and Phase 2 is designed to implement shared follow-up care into practice and to evaluate this implementation.

Results

Recruitment of radiation oncologists, patients, and general practitioners commenced in December 2020 and will continue until February 2021. Data collection will occur during 2021, and data will be ready for analysis by the end of 2021.

Conclusions

Few studies have investigated the role of health technologies in supporting communication deficiencies for shared cancer follow-up care. The implementation and evaluation of models of care need to be conducted using a person-centered approach that is responsive to patients’ preferences and needs. Should the findings of the study be acceptable and feasible to radiation oncologists, general practitioners, and patients, it can be quickly implemented and expanded to other tumor groups or to medical oncology and hematology.

Trial Registration

Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry ACTRN12620001083987; http://www.anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?id=380057

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)

PRR1-10.2196/21752
Administering Virtual Reality Therapy to Manage Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms in Patients With Dementia Admitted to an Acute Care Hospital: Results of a Pilot Study
Authors: Appel Lora , Kisonas Erika , Appel Eva , Klein Jennifer , Bartlett Deanna , Rosenberg Jarred , Smith Christopher NC
Published: December 2020

Background

As virtual reality (VR) technologies become increasingly accessible and affordable, clinicians are eager to try VR therapy as a novel means to manage behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia, which are exacerbated during acute care hospitalization, with the goal of reducing the use of antipsychotics, sedatives, and physical restraints associated with negative adverse effects, increased length of stay, and caregiver burden. To date, no evaluations of immersive VR therapy have been reported for patients with dementia in acute care hospitals.

Objective

This study aimed to determine the feasibility (acceptance, comfort, and safety) of using immersive VR therapy for people living with dementia (mild, moderate, and advanced) during acute care hospitalization and explore its potential to manage behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia.

Methods

A prospective, longitudinal pilot study was conducted at a community teaching hospital in Toronto. The study was nonrandomized and unblinded. A total of 10 patients aged >65 years (mean 86.5, SD 5.7) diagnosed with dementia participated in one or more research coordinator–facilitated sessions of viewing immersive 360° VR footage of nature scenes displayed on a Samsung Gear VR head-mounted display. This mixed-methods study included review of patient charts, standardized observations during the intervention, and pre- and postintervention semistructured interviews about the VR experience.

Results

All recruited participants (N=10) completed the study. Of the 10 participants, 7 (70%) displayed enjoyment or relaxation during the VR session, which averaged 6 minutes per view, and 1 (10%) experienced dizziness. No interference between the VR equipment and hearing aids or medical devices was reported.

Conclusions

It is feasible to expose older people with dementia of various degrees admitted to an acute care hospital to immersive VR therapy. VR therapy was found to be acceptable to and comfortable by most participants. This pilot study provides the basis for conducting the first randomized controlled trial to evaluate the impact of VR therapy on managing behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia in acute care hospitals.