bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analisis Hubungan Kejadian Anemia dalam Kehamilan Trimester II dan III di Puskesmas Merdeka Palembang
Authors: Thaib Siti Hildani , Astri Yesi
Published: August 2019

Anemia adalah kondisi dimana kadar hemoglobin (Hb) dalam darah kurang dari 12 gr% sedangkan anemia dalam kehamilan adalah kondisi ibu dengan kadar haemoglobin di bawah 11 gr% pada trimester I dan III atau kurang dari 10,5 gr% pada trimester II. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi terjadinya anemia dalam kehamilan. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian analitik dengan desain cross sectional. Sampel penelitian ini adalah 40 orang dari 208 populasi ibu hamil trimester II dan trimester III. Penelitian menunjukkan adanya hubungan antara umur (p=0,030), pendidikan (0,001), dan paritas ibu (0,021) dengan kejadian anemia dalam kehamilan. Kesimpulan yang didapatkan adalah umur, pendidikan, dan paritas ibu merupakan faktor risiko timbulnya anemia dalam kehamilan.
Hubungan Pola Asuh Keluarga gengan Parenting Stress pada Orangtua Anak Tunagrahuta di Yayasan Pembinaan Anak Cacat Palembang
Authors: Ma'mun Asmarani , Prameswarie Thia
Published: August 2019

Orangtua yang mempunyai anak dengan kebutuhan khusus, seperti tunagrahita (retardasi mental), tentunya dituntut untuk selalu menyediakan segala fasilitas yang dibutuhkan anak dan tidak sedikit diantara mereka yang menemukan berbagai masalah dalam proses pengasuhan anak. Apabila masalah tersebut tidak dapat diatasi oleh orangtua dengan baik, maka akan muncul stres sebagai reaksi fisik dan psikis terhadap tuntutan tersebut, hal ini disebut dengan parenting stress. Selain itu kondisi psikologis mempengaruhi pola asuh yang diterapkan oleh orangtua. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui gambaran parenting stress dan pola asuh serta hubungan antara pola asuh dan parenting stress pada orangtua anak tunagrahita di Yayasan Pembinaan Anak Cacat (YPAC) Palembang. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian analitik observasional dengan pendekatan cross-sectional (sekat lintang) meliputi semua orangtua yang memiliki anak tunagrahita di YPAC Palembang. Pengambilan sampel dengan teknik total sampling yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi sehingga didapatkan jumlah sampel sebanyak 44 responden. Penelitian ini menggunakan adaptasi Parenting Stress Scale (PSS) untuk menggambarkan tingkat stres pada orangtua dan kuesioner pola asuh untuk menentukan tipe pola asuh yang diterapkan. Hasil penelitian didapatkan orangtua yang menderita stres sedang sebanyak 33 orang (75%), stres ringan sebanyak 11 orang (25%) dan tidak ada orangtua yang mengalami stres berat. Sebanyak 42 orang (95,5%) menerapkan pola asuh demokratif, 2 orang (4,5%) menerapkan pola asuh permitif dan tidak ditemukan orangtua yang menerapkan pola asuh otoriter. Hasil uji statistik ditemukan tidak ada hubungan antara pola asuh dan parenting stress orangtua (p=1,00). Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini, maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa mayoritas orangtua menerapkan pola asuh demokratif dan mengalami stres sedang, namun tidak terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara pola asuh dan parenting stress orangtua anak tunagrahita di Yayasan Pendidikan Anak Cacat (YPAC) Palembang.
Eksplorasi Antibakteri Beberapa Tanaman Terhadap Enterobacteriacae Isolat Dari Pasien Diare Di Rumah Sakit Muhammadiyah Palembang
Authors: Suarni Ertati , Ola Nila Fitri , Sari Yunita , A.P Surmila
Published: August 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi tanaman obat tradisional sebagai antidiare yaitu Carica pepaya L (biji pepaya), Cinnamomum burmannii (kulit kayu manis), Curcuma domestica Val (kunyit) dan Allium sativum (bawang putih). Penelitian ini menggunakan prosedur laboratorium dan teknik eksperimental untuk ekstraksi senyawa tanaman, ekstrak air dengan metode Ekstraksi Air Subkritis. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa ada aktivitas antibakteri yang ditunjukkan zona hambat. Ada korelasi antara konsentrasi dengan ukuran zona penghambatan. Kesimpulan, biji pepaya, bawang putih, kulit kayu manis dan kunyit memiliki aktivitas antibakteri terhadap patogen Escherichia coli, Salmonella sp, dan Shigella sp.
Establishing criteria for evaluating lecturers’ competences: solutions for improving quality of lecturers at University of Social Sciences and Humanities, VNU -HCM
Authors: Phuong Bui Ha
Published: August 2019

In the higher education environment, lecturers play an extremely important role in higher education of universities. Assessing the higher education quality based on many standards such as the training program, the facilities, the teaching staff, the supporting staff to the learners, the measures of quality improvement, ... In which, improving the qualified lecturers who meet the training needs and implementing the strategic goals of each university is as one of the requirements important. Assessing lecturers' competences is considered one of the mandatory requirements for measuring the quality of university education. The assessment of lecturers' competences is based on a variety of criteria, in which the competences of teaching, scientific research and community service are considered the core competences of the lecturer. The paper presents the necessity of proposing criteria for assessing lecturers' competences. Besides, the paper also analyzes some of the basic criteria for assessing lecturers' competences. Then, some solutions are proposed to apply these criteria in assessing the competences of lecturers at the University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Vietnam National University-Hochiminh.
An Appraisal of Groundwater Contamination : A Case Study of Shallow Wells In Agbowo Community, Southwestern Nigeria
Authors: L. Abudulawal , K. A. Apanpa
Published: August 2019

Abundant as it may seem in Nigeria, access to clean and potable water is a great challenge. Hence the reason for determination of the physico-chemical properties of the groundwater in Agbowo community in Ibadan, Oyo state Southwestern Nigeria for domestic uses. Water samples collected from thirty-four (34) shallow wells with varying depths were subjected to chemical analysis. The water quality parameters were analyzed in accordance to standard methods. The groundwater analysis reviewed includes pH, electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids (TDS), others include Ca2+, Mg2+, K+ Na+, Fe2+, NO3, Cl- SO42- and HCO3- The results indicated that the parameters analyzed have some falling within the limits and some above the maximum permissible limits in accordance to Nigeria Industrial Standard (NIS) and World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines for drinking water. In general, the data revealed that maxima and minima concentrations of the priority physico-chemical water quality parameters examined in the thirty-four (34) water points were mostly within the Target Water Quality Range (TWQR) for domestic use with little exceptions at some points. However, high nitrate concentrations and Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) above the permissible limits in some of the well water sampled are causes for serious concern. Poor construction, lack of maintenance, proximity to sewage tank and stream, as well as indiscriminate dumping of refuse are suggested as the major causes of this development. The overall implication of this observation call for sustenance and improved water resource management strategy for the area in order to prevent the deterioration of the water sources quality, which may pose associated health risks and environmental hazards.
Anais do VI Congresso Brasileiro de Fisioterapia em Oncologia
Authors: De Fisioterapia em Oncologia Associação Brasileira
Published: August 2019

O evento foi uma oportunidade ímpar de atualização, com oportunidades de compartilhar vivências, experiências e conhecimentos de grandes nomes nacionais e internacionais da Fisioterapia em Oncologia. Teve como objetivo ser um evento de alto padrão científico e de grande magnitude, ao propiciar, a profissionais e graduandos de fisioterapia, conhecimentos específicos e evidências atuais da área de fisioterapia em oncologia. Além da grade científica do Congresso, aconteceram eventos paralelos; entre eles, minicursos, apresentação de trabalhos científicos, exposição de produtos e equipamentos relacionados à especialidade, e eventos sociais, com intuito de, além de agregar conhecimento, promover a integração e a troca de experiências entre os profissionais, visando ao fortalecimento da especialidade. Fisioterapeutas e acadêmicos de fisioterapia foram o público-alvo; e os temas abordados, eletrotermofototerapia em Oncologia, Prescrição de Exercícios em Oncologia, Pesquisa e Ensino, Cuidados Paliativos, Práticas Integrativas, Clinics Case, entre outros.
HUBUNGAN KADAR GULA DARAH SEWAKTU DENGAN GEJALA NEUROPATI PERIFER PENDERITA DIABETES MELITUS TIPE 2
Authors: Supriyadi Supriyadi , Susmini Susmini
Published: August 2019

Gangguan metabolik mampu menyebabkan beberapa penyakit salah satunya ialah diabetes melitus. Gejala umum yang sering muncul pada kasus diabetes melitus yaitu hiperglikemia. Hiperglikemia yang berkepanjangan dapat mengakibatkan berbagai macam komplikasi diantaranya komplikasi mikrovaskuler dan makrovaskuler. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui hubungan kadar gula darah sewaktu dengan gejala neuropati perifer penderita diabetes melitus tipe 2. Desain penelitian ini menggunakan cross sectional. Jumlah sampel 32 penderita diabetes melitus yang dipilih melalui teknik simple random sampling, penelitian ini dilakukan di Desa Kedung Dowo Kecamatan Nganjuk. Berdasarkan uji statistik Fisher’s Exact Test didapatkan p value 0.002 (p value < 0.05) yang berarti terdapat hubungan antara kadar gula darah sewaktu dengan gejala neuropati perifer penderita diabetes melitus tipe 2.
ЯКІСНІ ПОКАЗНИКИ РОБОТИ ҐРУНТООБРОБНОЇ УСТАНОВКИ ПРИ ВИРОЩУВАННІ ЦУКРОВИХ БУРЯКІВ
Authors: Pashchenko V. F. , Syromyatnikov Yu. N. , Khramov N. S.
Published: August 2019

Мета. Провести порівняльні випробування ґрунтообробної установки в виробничих умовах, з вивченням якісних показників роботи при вирощуванні цукрових буряків. Методи. Визначення коефіцієнта структурності ґрунту, гербологічного моніторингу бур’янів, фенологічні спостереження. Результати. В результаті обробітку ґрунтообробною розрихлювально-сепаруючою установкою відбу-вається розшарування ґрунту на чотири підшари: наднасіннєвого, насіннєвого, піднасіннєвого і підорного. З наднасіннєвого підшару повністю видалені окремі брила ґрунту розміром більше 20 мм. У насіннєвому підшарі утворюється найбільш цінна в агрономічному відношенні структура ґрунту, розмір якої не перевищує 3-х кратний розмір насіння, щільність складання піднасіннєвого підшару не перевищує 1,25 г/см3. Підорний підшар не має щільності більше 1,3 г/см3 і твердості у плужній підошві більше 3 МПа, що забезпечується основним обробітком. Визначено, що відома машина для оптимізації агрофізичних властивостей орного шару ґрунту дозволяє, в порівнянні з традиційними культиваторами, підвищити коефіцієнт структурності приблизно в 2,5 рази. Актуальність полягає в тому, що обробіток ґрунту з використанням ґрунтообробної розрихлювально-сепаруючої установки дозволить вдосконалити методи передпосівного обробітку ґрунту для поліпшення його агротехнічних якостей, виключивши такі технологічні операції як боронування і культивацію та зробити підготовку ґрунту до сівби за один прохід. Висновки. Використання експериментальної розрихлювально-сепаруючої установки для передпосівної підготовки ґрунту при вирощуванні цукрових буряків в порівнянні з традиційними знаряддями за рахунок поліпшення якості обробки ґрунту дозволяє отримати сходи раніше на 3–4 дні, забезпечити краще збереження в ґрунті вологи (на 3–4%), істотно знизити засміченість посівів і підвищити врожайність. Причому дослідження показали, що протягом усього вегетаційного розвитку рослин агрофізичні параметри оброблюваного шару ґрунту зберігали відносну стабільність.
Modeling for the Spread of Water Pollution under Hydraulic Structure with a Rabbet
Authors: Zinnatullina A. N. , Shamsiev M. N.
Published: August 2019

In industry and agriculture, along with the increasing influence of various technogenic factors on the environment, there is an important problem of protecting water resources from pollution and salinization, as well as the problem of protecting natural water bodies from pollutants. The solution of these problems essentially depends on the results of a mathematical study of the mass transfer processes of migrating substances in the filtration of groundwater. In this paper, we simulate the process of spreading water pollution under the hydraulic structure of a complex architecture. The unsteady equation of the process of mass transfer of pollutants during the filtration of groundwater was approximated by the finite difference method, while the procedure "weighting upstream" was used to approximate the convective terms. The results of calculations showed that the pollution of the downstream of a hydraulic structure depends on the number of rabbets and their location along the underground circuit. The obtained results can be used in monitoring and building predictive estimates of the migration regime of pollution under a hydraulic structure in real time.
PENGARUH NAFAS DALAM TERHADAP TEKANAN DARAH PADA PASIEN HIPERTENSI
Authors: Juwita Lisavina , Efriza Ela
Published: August 2019

Hypertension is a condition in which the blood pressure increase. The purpose of this research is to know the effect of deep breathing in response to blood pressure in patients with hypertension. This research used quasi experiment with one group pre test post test. Population this research was 474. The number of samples as many as 10 samples with purposive sampling. The difference in average systolic blood pressure in hypertension patients before and after administering deep breathing techniques was 7,514, with standard deviation 1,190 and value p=0,000 and the difference in avarege diastolic blood pressure on hypertension patiens before and after administering deep breathing techniques was 9,400, with standard deviation 3,748 and value p=0,000. Based on the above it can be concluded that deep breathing can decreased blood pressure in hypertensive patients who were given breath technique in the work-area health center Nilam Sari Bukittinggi City. Expected to apply the techniques of deep breath regularly and choose the peace place.

 

Key words: deep breathing techniques, hypertension, blood pressure.
THE US STRATEGY OF ARMED DRONE USAGE IN FIGHTING THE TALIBAN ELEMENTS IN PAKISTAN (2004-2016)
Authors: Nadhifa Nisrina , Perwita Anak Agung Banyu
Published: August 2019

Prior to the Trump’s presidency the US have performed as many as 400 armed drone strikes in Pakistan, killing approximately 3.000 terrorist targets including key leaders that hold important value to the organizations. More than a decade these attacks were performed, yet we have not seen the end of the terrorist and insurgent’s presence in Pakistan. This leads into a thought whether the attacks were effective or not. Therefore, this study aims to analyze, predominantly  evaluating the use of the targeted killing strategy in this US counterterrorism effort. The study uses qualitative research method by using Robert A. Pape’s perspective in strategic effectiveness and David Galula’s counterinsurgency perspective. Those perspectives pointed out the cause of this situation is due to the inability of the attacked target set to trigger the destruction of the movement, the inability of the US to secure the ends, ways, and means of the operation which involve the dissociation between the population and the insurgents, their ability to forge proper cooperation with its local ally, and the un-favoring view of the local population toward its targeted killings practice has resulted in the infectivity of the strategy and a prolonged fight between the US and its opponent. In sum, it can be inferred that despite capable of eliminating numerous high-value targets the targeted killing strategy is deemed ineffective due to its inability to procure full destruction of its opponent and due to the inability of the US to secure the ends, ways, and means of the operation which would have increase the success of the strategy.
CHINA COERCIVE DIPLOMACY THROUGH SOUTH CHINA SEA CONFLICT AND BELT & ROAD INITIATIVES
Authors: Pitra Haetami
Published: August 2019

This paper studies Chinese coercive diplomacy by first analyzing the South China Sea (SCS) issue from the perspective of China national interest which has Belt & Road Initiatives (BRI) political agenda (formerly known as OBOR). Through BRI, China will be a counterweight to the world economic power in countering US hegemony. This paper aims to describe the coercive form of China diplomacy which has been implemented through both phenomena and to analyze China coercive diplomacy using theory and relevant concept. To achieve those goals, this paper employs qualitative research method as well as national interest and neorealism theory. The findings of this paper suggest that, in reflection of China-Sri Lanka bilateral experience, BRI is one of debt-track diplomacy of China commodities in maintaining energy and economy security. This paper is expected to be one of the studies about South China Sea which can see BRI more in the opportunities it brings
FACING ISIS RETURNING FOREIGN TERRORIST FIGHTERS: INDONESIA PERSPECTIVE
Authors: Timur Fauzia Gustarina Cempaka , Yani Yanyan M.
Published: August 2019

The presence of foreign terrorist fighters (FTF) in armed conflicts pose a series of problems for third countries, they become involved even though their country is not one of the warring parties. FTF cannot be ignored because of its association with the activities of international terrorist networks. The paper begins with a brief overview on how FTF is becoming a burning issue in Indonesia's national security. This paper argues that, globalization has played part in terms of making terrorism and radicalization spread easily throughout the world, including Indonesia. Hence, fighting terrorism in both the traditional or contemporary forms is not an easy task anymore. While tackling any practices of terrorism and radicalism is a main priority for many countries around the world, the growing number of FTF in recent years is a clear impact of unfinished government’s effort of fighting terrorism that already growing beyond borders. This paper use qualitative method and the data analysis was undertaken using phenomenology approach. This paper then reflects the complexity of how Indonesia facing its citizen who come back to the country as ISIS returning fighters. It concludes by analyzing the problem of fighting FTF returnees in Indonesia and suggesting how dealing with FTF returnees can be more effective by considering both domestic and regional factors.
What is forensic psychotherapy? Reflections on a new discipline
Authors: Gilligan James
Published: August 2019

This article aims to make a clear definition of forensic psychotherapy to help understand some of the theoretical and practical implications and breakthroughs this new discipline makes possible, including the enlargement of our ability to understand the causes and prevention of violent and other antisocial behaviours. All human behaviour and functioning, whether sick or healthy, life-threatening or life supporting, antisocial or prosocial, is caused by, or is a product of, the differences in individuals’ life experiences, such as child abuse or other forms of trauma, vs healthy and secure bonding and attachment experiences and their resulting character structure. In addition, other data concerning the causes of differences in the rates of individual as well as collective (e.g. political) violence, that is the epidemiology of violence, can only be understood and explained by referring to social forces and processes. I will examine how forensic psychotherapy is similar to and different from the many related disciplines that also deal with the various problems that arise in human interactions and social relations, such as violence and sexual abuse. Among those disciplines we may include forensic psychiatry; clinical psychiatry, psychology and psychotherapy, including psychoanalysis; public health and preventive psychiatry and the social sciences, as well as moral philosophy and its derivatives and subsidiaries in the quest for justice; namely, law and politics.
Drawing time revisited: the benefits of art therapy in prison
Authors: Gussak David
Published: August 2019

My ideas of the benefits of art and art therapy in prison has evolved over the years, culminating in the publication Art and Art Therapy with the Imprisoned: Re-Creating Identity. The chapter reproduced here, stipulates that one obstacle correctional institutions need to address is the unending rise of mental illness due to the escalating arrest and incarceration of the mentally ill or the degradation of mental well-being of those inside. Such trauma is brought about, in part, by the overcrowded facilities and the resultant lack of privacy, stress, abuse, inadequate health care, and poor support. In addition, prison inmates are burdened with derogatory labels resulting in poor sympathy from society at large. Poor mental health is the unavoidable consequence. Yet, it is increasingly difficult to provide services in an environment where identified weaknesses and vulnerabilities may be taken advantage of. To succeed, therapists should be armed with tools to overcome the inmates’ distrust, inherent aggression, and potentially damaged cognitive abilities. Art therapy has been effective in addressing the needs of the clients by its ability to bypass these survival-based defences. This article explores these various benefits and provides an overview on why art therapy is clinically advantageous for those inside.
Punishment Analysis at School Based on Article 54 of the Child Protection Act in Law Number 35 of 2014
Authors: Siregar Hotma , Rahmi Atika
Published: August 2019

The purpose of this study, to adjust the form of regulations made by schools with the provisions of Law Number 35 of 2014 concerning Child Protection. Research conducted is qualitative research by conducting documentation and observation studies to obtain more accurate data. Documentation study is conducted to study and analyze the contents of the regulations that were applied in SMP 2 Helvetia. Observations are made to the school to see firsthand whether sanctions against violations of the rules given to students are in accordance with the Article 54 of the Child Protection Act. The results of this study, designed a form of regulation that will be applied in schools, where the punishment given in the event of a violation by students must be humane and still protect the rights of the child. If viewed from the provisions of Article 54 of Law Number 35 of 2014 concerning Child Protection, then the execution of the Punishment in SMP PAB 2 Helvetia does not violate the provisions of Article 54 of Law Number 35 of 2014, where the child is in an educational unit (school ) has been protected from acts of physical and psychological violence, this is evidenced by the absence of physical punishment in the school environment and the enactment of a point system which means that teachers and other education personnel have sought ways to punish students who violate the rules clearly and to avoid physical punishment.
Rapid Characterization of the Genetic Loci Controlling Commodity Traits of Chinese Hami Melon (Cucumis melo var. Saccharinensis Naud.) through Multiplexed Shotgun Genotyping
Authors: Li Shiming , Ni Xuemei , Xia Qiuju , Li Yunfei , Dong Xiao , Hou Junliang , Li Zehua , Cheng Shu , Cao Dong , Zhang Zhenyu , Zhang Gengyun , Zhao Shancen , Liu Baolong , Chen Yong
Published: August 2019

The genetic architecture and the genetic loci controlling commodity traits in this Hami melon have not been characterized. Multiplexed shotgun genotyping (MSG) was used to genotype an F2 population of 370 Chinese Hami melon progeny. A total of 47,609 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers were obtained after strict filtering. Thebins were used to construct a genetic linkage map with a total length of 1572.954 cM. Quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis revealed that fruit color was controlled by one major gene about 2 Mb region on chr09, while exocarp color (EC) was controlled by one major gene about 1.9 Mb on chr04, and skin spotting was controlled by two dominant genes, one in the same region of chr04as the EC QTL and the other in the 1031.05 kb region on chr02. Two major QTLs on chr03 and chr05 were related pleiotropically to several quantitative fruit traits, namely, edge sugar content (ES), center sugar content (CS), fruit weight (FW), and fruit length (FL). A further QTL on chr09 also influenced ES, while five other QTLs affected FL. This study was the first to conduct genetic architecture analysis and QTL mapping in Chinese Hami melon with high-density markers and a large target population.
Evaluation of the Influence of Process Parameters on the Properties of Resveratrol-Loaded NLC Using 22 Full Factorial Design
Authors: Shimojo Andréa A. M. , Fernandes Ana Rita V. , Ferreira Nuno R. E. , Sanchez-Lopez Elena , Santana Maria H. A. , Souto Eliana B.
Published: August 2019

Resveratrol (RSV) is a natural antioxidant commonly found in grapes, berries, and nuts that has shown promising results in the treatment of a variety of degenerative and age-related diseases. Despite the proven beneficial results on reduction of reactive oxidant species (ROS) and on inflammatory process, RSV shows various limitations including low long-term stability, aqueous solubility, and bioavailability, restricting its applications in the medical-pharmaceutical area. To overcome these limitations, it has been applied in pharmaceutical formulations as nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC). Thus, the present study focuses on the optimization of the production process of NLC. NLC was produced by high shear homogenization (HSH) and ultrasound method (US) using Compritol® ATO C888 as solid lipid and Miglyol 812® as liquid lipid. In order to obtain an optimized formulation, we used a 22 full factorial design with triplicate of central point investigating the effects of the production process parameters; shear intensity and homogenization time, on the mean particle size (PS) and polydispersity index (PDI). Instability index, encapsulation efficiency, and production yield were also evaluated. As the PS and PDI values obtained with 6 min of shear at 19,000 rpm and 10 min of shear and 24,000 rpm were similar, the instability index (<0.1) was also used to select the optimal parameters. Based on the results of the experimental design and instability index, it was concluded that the shear rate of 19,000 rpm and the shear time of 6 min are the optimal parameters for RSV-loaded NLC production. Factorial design contributed therefore to optimize the variables of the NLC production process from a small number of experiments.
Nrf2 Plays an Essential Role in Long-Term Brain Damage and Neuroprotection of Korean Red Ginseng in a Permanent Cerebral Ischemia Model
Authors: Liu Lei , Kelly Marie G. , Wierzbicki Erika L. , Escober-Nario Iana C. , Vollmer Mary K. , Doré Sylvain
Published: August 2019

Cerebral ischemia is a devastating disease with a high incidence of death and disability; however, effective therapeutics remain limited. The transcriptional factor Nrf2 has been shown to play a pivotal role in the endogenous defense against brain oxidative stress and inflammation and therefore represents a promising target for stroke intervention. However, the long-term effects of Nrf2 and the standardized Korean red ginseng (ginseng), a potent Nrf2 natural inducer, on permanent cerebral ischemic damage have not yet been reported. Wildtype (WT) and Nrf2−/− adult mice were pretreated with either vehicle or ginseng and were subjected to permanent distal middle cerebral artery occlusion (pdMCAO). The infarct volume, the reactive astrocytes and microglia, and the water regulatory protein aquaporin 4 (AQP4) were examined at 28 days after stroke. When compared with the WT matched controls, the Nrf2 disruption significantly enlarged the infarct volume (40.4 ± 10.1%) and exacerbated the progression of reactive gliosis and AQP4 protein levels after pdMCAO. In contrast, ginseng significantly reduced the infarct volume and attenuated the reactive gliosis and AQP4 in the ischemic WT mice (47.3 ± 6.9%), but not in the Nrf2−/− mice (25.5 ± 5.6%). In conclusion, Nrf2 plays an important role in the long-term recovery of permanent cerebral ischemic damage and the neuroprotection of ginseng.
Inhibition of Heme Oxygenase Antioxidant Activity Exacerbates Hepatic Steatosis and Fibrosis In Vitro
Authors: Raffaele Marco , Carota Giuseppe , Sferrazzo Giuseppe , Licari Maria , Barbagallo Ignazio , Sorrenti Valeria , Signorelli Salvatore S. , Vanella Luca
Published: August 2019

The progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and the development of hepatic fibrosis is caused by changes in redox balance, leading to an increase of reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. NAFLD patients are at risk of progressing to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), associated to cardiovascular diseases (CVD), coronary heart disease and stroke. Heme Oxygenase-1 (HO-1) is a potent endogenous antioxidant gene that plays a key role in decreasing oxidative stress. The present work was directed to determine whether use of an inhibitor of HO-1 activity affects lipid metabolism and fibrosis process in hepatic cells. Oil Red assay and mRNA analysis were used to evaluate the triglycerides content and the lipid metabolism pathway in HepG2 cells. ROS measurement, RT-PCR and Soluble collagen assay were used to assess the intracellular oxidant, the fibrosis pathway and the soluble collagen in LX2 cells. The activity of HO-1 was inhibited using Tin Mesoporphyrin IX (SnMP). Our study demonstrates that a non-functional HO system results in an increased lipid storage and collagen release in hepatocytes. Consequently, an increase of HO-1 levels may provide a therapeutic approach to address the metabolic alterations associated with NAFLD and its progression to NASH.
Observed Multi-Timescale Differences between Summertime Near-Surface Equivalent Temperature and Temperature for China and Their Linkage with Global Sea Surface Temperatures
Authors: Li Jingping , Li Xiao , Li Xing , Chen Lian , Jin Likun
Published: August 2019

Based on the ensemble empirical mode decomposition method, this study explores the differences and similarities in multiple time-scale characteristics of summer air temperature (T) and equivalent temperature (Te) over China during 1961–2017, using daily meteorological observations collected at 412 stations in China. Their relationships to global sea surface temperature variations is also discussed. Results show that both T and Te can be decomposed into five components, which includes multiple timescales, from interannual to long-term trends. The spatial patterns of each timescale’s leading mode show that the variations of Te are generally larger than that of T. Meanwhile, both T and Te are dominated by their inter-annual, multi-decadal variations and the non-linear trend. High correlations of T and Te can also be found in these major scales. The related sea surface temperature variations in these major scales also show consistent patterns, which correspond to El Niño–Southern Oscillation, Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation and the global warming trend in the sea, respectively. In other scales, both spatial patterns of T and Te and the corresponding correlation patterns with sea surface temperature are distinguishable. The current results explore the compound changes of surface temperature-humidity during the past five decades from a new perspective, which provides some insights for a better understanding of the possible causes of climate change over China.
Effect of the Atmospheric Pressure Cold Plasma Treatment on Tempranillo Red Wine Quality in Batch and Flow Systems
Authors: Sainz-García Elisa , López-Alfaro Isabel , Múgica-Vidal Rodolfo , López Rosa , Escribano-Viana Rocío , Portu Javier , Alba-Elías Fernando , González-Arenzana Lucía
Published: August 2019

The demand for chemical-free beverages is posing a challenge to the wine industry to provide safe and healthy products with low concentrations of chemical preservatives. The development of new technologies, such as Atmospheric Pressure Cold Plasma (APCP), offers the wine industry the opportunity to contribute to this continuous improvement. The purpose of this research is to evaluate the effect of Argon APCP treatment, applied in both batch and flow systems, on Tempranillo red wine quality. Batch treatments of 100 mL were applied with two powers (60 and 90 W) at four periods (1, 3, 5, and 10 min). For flowing devices, 750 mL of wine with a flow of 1.2 and 2.4 L/min were treated at 60 and 90 W for 25 min and was sampled every 5 min. Treatments in batch resulted in wines with greater color intensity, lower tonality, and higher content in total phenolic compounds and anthocyanins, so that they were favorable for wine quality. Among the batch treatments, the one with the lowest power was the most favorable. Flow continuous treatments, despite being more appropriate to implement in wineries, neither led to significant improvements in the chromatic and phenolic wine properties nor caused wine spoilage.
Dietary Inflammatory Index and Its Relationship with Cervical Carcinogenesis Risk in Korean Women: A Case-Control Study
Authors: Sreeja Sundara Raj , Lee Hyun Yi , Kwon Minji , Shivappa Nitin , Hebert James R. , Kim Mi Kyung
Published: August 2019

Several studies have reported that diet’s inflammatory potential is related to chronic diseases such as cancer, but its relationship with cervical cancer risk has not been studied yet. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII®) and cervical cancer risk among Korean women. This study consisted of 764 cases with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN)1, 2, 3, or cervical cancer, and 729 controls from six gynecologic oncology clinics in South Korea. The DII was computed using a validated semiquantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ). Odds ratios and 95% CI were calculated using multinomial logistic regression. Higher DII scores were associated with higher cervical carcinogenesis risk. A significant association was observed between the DII and risk among CIN2/3 [Odds Ratio (OR) = 3.14; 95% Confidence Intervals (CI) = 1.57–6.29] and cervical cancer patients (OR = 1.98; 95% CI = 1.01–3.88). Among Human Papilloma Virus (HPV)-positive women, a significant association was found between DII and cervical carcinoma risk with CIN2/3 (OR = 5.65; 95% CI = 1.38–23.2). Moreover, women with CIN2/3 and cervical cancer showed a significant association with proinflammatory diet in people without of physical activity (OR = 3.79; 95% CI = 1.81–7.93). These findings suggest that high intake of proinflammatory diets is associated with increased risk of cervical carcinogenesis among women with CIN2/3. Further evaluation in future studies to confirm this association is warranted.
MiT Family Translocation Renal Cell Carcinoma: from the Early Descriptions to the Current Knowledge
Authors: Caliò Anna , Segala Diego , Munari Enrico , Brunelli Matteo , Martignoni Guido
Published: August 2019

The new category of MiT family translocation renal cell carcinoma has been included into the World Health Organization (WHO) classification in 2016. The MiT family translocation renal cell carcinoma comprises Xp11 translocation renal cell carcinoma harboring TFE3 gene fusions and t(6;11) renal cell carcinoma harboring TFEB gene fusion. At the beginning, they were recognized in childhood; nevertheless, it has been demonstrated that these neoplasms can occur in adults as well. In the nineties, among Xp11 renal cell carcinoma, ASPL, PRCC, and SFPQ (PSF) were the first genes recognized as partners in TFE3 rearrangement. Recently, many other genes have been identified, and a wide spectrum of morphologies has been described. For this reason, the diagnosis may be challenging based on the histology, and the differential diagnosis includes the most common renal cell neoplasms and pure epithelioid PEComa/epithelioid angiomyolipoma of the kidney. During the last decades, many efforts have been made to identify immunohistochemical markers to reach the right diagnosis. To date, staining for PAX8, cathepsin K, and melanogenesis markers are the most useful identifiers. However, the diagnosis requires the demonstration of the chromosomal rearrangement, and fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) is considered the gold standard. The outcome of Xp11 translocation renal cell carcinoma is highly variable, with some patients surviving decades with indolent disease and others dying rapidly of progressive disease. Despite most instances of t(6;11) renal cell carcinoma having an indolent clinical course, a few published cases demonstrate aggressive behavior. Recently, renal cell carcinomas with TFEB amplification have been described in connection with t(6;11) renal cell carcinoma. Those tumors appear to be associated with a more aggressive clinical course. For the aggressive cases of MiT family translocation carcinoma, the optimal therapy remains to be determined; however, new target therapies seem to be promising, and the search for predictive markers is mandatory.
The Efficacy of miR-20a as a Diagnostic and Prognostic Biomarker for Colorectal Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Moody Laura , Dvoretskiy Svyatoslav , An Ruopeng , Mantha Suparna , Pan Yuan-Xiang
Published: August 2019

Background: MicroRNAs have altered expression levels in various diseases and may play an important role in the diagnosis and prognosis of colorectal cancer (CRC). Methods: We systemically reviewed and quantitatively synthesized the scientific evidence pertaining to microRNA-20a (miR-20a) as a CRC biomarker. A keyword and reference search in PubMed yielded 32 studies, in which miR-20a was measured in feces, serum, or tumor tissue. Data were extracted from a total of 5014 cancer cases and 2863 controls. Results: Twenty out of 21 relevant studies found that miR-20a was upregulated in CRC patients compared to controls. Meta-analysis revealed a pooled miR-20a fold change of 2.45 (95% CI: 2.24–2.66) in CRC patients versus controls. To estimate sensitivity and specificity of miR-20a as a diagnostic biomarker of CRC, a pooled area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) was calculated (0.70, 95% CI: 0.63–0.78). The prognostic capacity of miR-20a was assessed using hazard ratios (HRs) for the overall survival (OS). The meta-analysis estimated the pooled HR for OS to be 2.02 (95% CI: 0.90–3.14) in CRC patients with high miR-20a expression. Conclusions: miR-20a may be a valid biomarker for CRC detection but may not be a strong predictor of poor prognosis in CRC.
Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy as a Salvage Therapy after Incomplete Radiofrequency Ablation for Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Retrospective Propensity Score Matching Study
Authors: Pan Yang-Xun , Xi Mian , Fu Yi-Zhen , Hu Dan-Dan , Wang Jun-Cheng , Liu Shi-Liang , Chen Jin-Bin , Xu Li , Zhou Zhong-Guo , Liu Meng-Zhong , Chen Min-Shan , Zhao Lei , Zhang Yao-Jun
Published: August 2019

Abstract: (1) Background: To investigate the clinical outcomes between radiofrequency ablation (RFA) and stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) for residual hepatocellular carcinoma (RHCC). (2) Methods: 139 patients were diagnosed with the RHCC after post-operative checkup, among whom 39 and 33 patients underwent RFA or SBRT as salvage treatments, respectively. We applied the propensity score matching (PSM) to adjust for imbalances in treatment assignment. Local disease progression, progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and treatment-related side effects were the study endpoints. (3) Results: Before PSM, the SBRT group demonstrated significantly lower local disease progression rate (6/33 vs. 23/39; p = 0.002), better PFS (the 1- and 3-year PFS were 63.3% and 49.3% vs. 41.5% and 22.3%, respectively, p = 0.036), and comparable OS (the 1- and 3-year OS were 85.4% and 71.1% vs. 97.3% and 57.6%, respectively, p = 0.680). After PSM of 23 matched cases, the SBRT group demonstrated significantly lower local disease progression rate, better PFS and comparable OS. Centrally located tumor predicted the worse OS. No acute grade 3+ toxicity was observed in both groups. (4) Conclusion: SBRT might be the preferred treatment for RHCC, especially for patients with larger tumors or tumors abutting major vessels, rather than repeated RFA.
Kinome-Wide Screening with Small Interfering RNA Identified Polo-like Kinase 1 as a Key Regulator of Proliferation in Oral Cancer Cells
Authors: Goan Yih-Gang , Liu Pei-Feng , Chang Hsueh-Wei , Chen Hung-Chih , Chen Wen-Chi , Kuo Shyh-Ming , Lee Cheng-Hsin , Shu Chih-Wen
Published: August 2019

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is one of the major leading causes of cancer-related death worldwide, with limited effective markers for diagnosis and therapy, which has caused a low overall survival rate in the past decades. Kinases play important roles in tumor development and malignancy in various types of cancer. However, little is known about the role of kinases in OSCC cells. In this study, an arrayed kinome small interfering RNA (siRNA) library was used to screen oral cancer cell lines and counter assayed with normal fibroblast cells to identify the genes required for cancer cell proliferation. We found that polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1) was one of the most potent genes required for OSCC cell proliferation. The knockdown of PLK1 with a siRNA or antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) consistently diminished cyclin-B1 (CCNB1) expression/phosphorylation and the G2-M phase transition. Similar effects were observed in cells treated with the PLK1 kinase inhibitor BI6727. Besides, The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) analysis revealed that PLK1 was elevated in tumor tissues and associated with short survival in patients with OSCC. We also found that PLK1 expression was highly correlated with the expression of its downstream effector, CCNB1, in patients with OSCC. Coexpression of the two genes resulted in a poor prognosis of OSCC patients, particularly those in the advanced stages of OSCC. Taken together, our results suggest that PLK1 might be a diagnostic or therapeutic marker for OSCC.
Cannabidiol Regulates the Expression of Keratinocyte Proteins Involved in the Inflammation Process through Transcriptional Regulation
Authors: Jastrząb Anna , Gęgotek Agnieszka , Skrzydlewska Elżbieta
Published: August 2019

Cannabidiol (CBD), a natural phytocannabinoid without psychoactive effect, is a well-known anti-inflammatory and antioxidant compound. The possibility of its use in cytoprotection of cells from harmful factors, including ultraviolet (UV) radiation, is an area of ongoing investigation. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of CBD on the regulatory mechanisms associated with the redox balance and inflammation in keratinocytes irradiated with UVA [30 J/cm2] and UVB [60 mJ/cm2]. Spectrophotometric results show that CBD significantly enhances the activity of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase and thioredoxin reductase in UV irradiated keratinocytes. Furthermore, despite decreased glutathione peroxidase and reductase activities, CBD prevents lipid peroxidation, which was observed as a decreased level of 4-HNE and 15d-PGJ2 (measured using GC/MS and LC/MS). Moreover, Western blot analysis of protein levels shows that, under stress conditions, CBD influences interactions of transcription factors Nrf2- NFκB by inhibiting the NFκB pathway, increasing the expression of Nrf2 activators and stimulating the transcription activity of Nrf2. In conclusion, the antioxidant activity of CBD through Nrf2 activation as well as its anti-inflammatory properties as an inhibitor of NFκB should be considered during design of new protective treatments for the skin.
CDDO-Me Selectively Attenuates CA1 Neuronal Death Induced by Status Epilepticus via Facilitating Mitochondrial Fission Independent of LONP1
Authors: Kim Ji-Eun , Park Hana , Choi Seo-Hyeon , Kong Min-Jeong , Kang Tae-Cheon
Published: August 2019

2-Cyano-3,12-dioxo-oleana-1,9(11)-dien-28-oic acid methyl ester (CDDO-Me) is a triterpenoid analogue of oleanolic acid that exhibits promising anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and neuroprotective activities. In addition, CDDO-Me affects cellular differentiation and cell cycle arrest, and irreversibly inhibits Lon protease-1 (LONP1). In the present study, we evaluate the effects of CDDO-Me on mitochondrial dynamics and its downstream effectors in order to understand the underlying mechanism of the neuronal death following status epilepticus (SE, a prolonged seizure activity). CDDO-Me increased dynamin-related proteins 1 (DRP1)-serine 616 phosphorylation via activating extracellular-signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), but not protein kinase A (PKA) or protein phosphatases (PPs). In addition, CDDO-Me facilitated DRP1-mediated mitochondrial fissions, which selectively attenuated SE-induced CA1 neuronal death. Unlike CDDO-Me, LONP1 knockdown led to SE-induced massive degeneration of dentate granule cells, CA1 neurons and hilus interneurons without altering the expression and phosphorylation of DRP1, ERK1/2, JNK and PP2B. LONP1 knockdown could not inhibit SE-induced mitochondrial elongation in CA1 neurons. Co-treatment of CDDO-Me with LONP1 siRNA ameliorated only CA1 neuronal death, concomitant with abrogation of mitochondrial elongation induced by SE. Thus, our findings suggest that CDDO-Me may selectively attenuate SE-induced CA1 neuronal death by rescuing the abnormal mitochondrial machinery, independent of LONP1 activity.
Role of miRNA-Regulated Cancer Stem Cells in the Pathogenesis of Human Malignancies
Authors: Khan Abdul , Ahmed Eiman , Elareer Noor , Junejo Kulsoom , Steinhoff Martin , Uddin Shahab
Published: August 2019

Recent biomedical discoveries have revolutionized the concept and understanding of carcinogenesis, a complex and multistep phenomenon which involves accretion of genetic, epigenetic, biochemical, and histological changes, with special reference to MicroRNAs (miRNAs) and cancer stem cells (CSCs). miRNAs are small noncoding molecules known to regulate expression of more than 60% of the human genes, and their aberrant expression has been associated with the pathogenesis of human cancers and the regulation of stemness features of CSCs. CSCs are the small population of cells present in human malignancies well-known for cancer resistance, relapse, tumorigenesis, and poor clinical outcome which compels the development of novel and effective therapeutic protocols for better clinical outcome. Interestingly, the role of miRNAs in maintaining and regulating the functioning of CSCs through targeting various oncogenic signaling pathways, such as Notch, wingless (WNT)/β-Catenin, janus kinases/ signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK/STAT), phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/ protein kinase B (PI3/AKT), and nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B (NF-kB), is critical and poses a huge challenge to cancer treatment. Based on recent findings, here, we have documented the regulatory action or the underlying mechanisms of how miRNAs affect the signaling pathways attributed to stemness features of CSCs, such as self-renewal, differentiation, epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT), metastasis, resistance and recurrence etc., associated with the pathogenesis of various types of human malignancies including colorectal cancer, lung cancer, breast cancer, head and neck cancer, prostate cancer, liver cancer, etc. We also shed light on the fact that the targeted attenuation of deregulated functioning of miRNA related to stemness in human carcinogenesis could be a viable approach for cancer treatment.