bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Optimization of the Hydrolysis Process Parameters for Pandanus Amaryllifolius by Cellulase using Response Surface Methodology (RSM)
Authors: Pham Bao Nguyen , Ma Thai Hoa
Published: November 2023

Pandanus amaryllifolius (P. amaryllifolius) is grown and used popularly in Vietnam to enhance the flavor of food, the characteristic aroma of P. amaryllifolius leaves is mainly due to the aromatic compound 2-Acetyl-1-pyrroline that is often used as a supplement flavor for rice, sticky rice, and many kinds of food. In addition, P. amaryllifolius leaves also contain compounds with antioxidant activities that are beneficial for health. This study focused on the parameters optimization in the hydrolysis process using the enzyme cellulase by the response surface method (RSM). Four Parameters of the hydrolysis process were investigated, including pH (5.2 - 6.8), temperature (45 - 65oC), enzyme concentration (0.8 - 1.6% v / dwt), hydrolysis time (90 ÷ 210 minutes). The results showed that, at the optimal hydrolysis conditions of pH = 5.6, temperature = 60.0oC, enzyme concentration = 1.178% (v/dwt), and hydrolysis time at 152.8 minutes, the antioxidant activity by DPPH reached the highest content of 1618.5 (̸=M TEAC - trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity). The research results can be applied for adding the characteristic aroma from P. amaryllifolius leaves on many foods which contain health-beneficial antioxidant compounds and good sensory properties.
Correlational Analysis of the Effluent from the San Carlos Biopower, Inc. Wastewater Treatment Plant
Authors: Lelie Lou Bacalla  , Ayrton John Bantay  , Diamond Jeff Paug
Published: November 2023

Wastewater from establishments and industries is closely monitored by the Philippine government using laws and administrative orders that set the standard for wastewater discharge. The wastewater is analyzed for its water quality parameters and compared to the standards set by the said laws. This study aims to focus on the wastewater quality parameters and look into the correlation between them. Wastewater samples collected during the four quarters of 2019 and the first quarter of 2020 from San Carlos Biopower, Inc. were subjected to laboratory tests for quantification. Statistical analysis was also used to calculate the correlation coefficient. The correlation matrix shows that pH, BOD, Oil and Grease, Total Suspended Solids, Nitrate, Phosphate, and COD have significant effects and relationships with each other. Significantly linear relationships found in this study are COD-BOD, DO-O&G, and DO-TSS. Other findings include a positive correlation between pH-PO4, pH-DO, BOD-O&G, BOD-TSS, O&G-OD, TSS-COD, and PO4-COD while the following relationships had a negative correlation: BOD-DO, NO3-PO4, COD-DO.
Virtual Learning Platform with Short Message Service (SMS) Notification
Authors: Flores James Brian
Published: November 2023

This study aimed to analyze, design, develop and evaluate a virtual learning platform with short message service text notification for SLSU. Co-Model, a combination of Waterfall model and ADDIE model was used as a framework of the system’s development. PHP and MySQL were used as primary systems development tools. An online SMS API provider was also used for sending SMS text messages. The system was launched online before the gathering and evaluation of data. It is accessible using the web address, www.lmsdemoweb.com. A descriptive survey method was used in gathering the data and adopted questionnaires were used to evaluate the performance of the developed system. The developed system was found to be outstanding in terms of functionality and debugging; it was also good in terms of complexity, interface design, and support services. The results of the functionality assessment conclude that the system is a good platform for virtual learning.
DEVELOPMENT OF FACE RECOGNITION TIME MONITORING AND ATTENDANCE SYSTEM
Authors: Rhoderick D. Malangsa
Published: November 2023

This study marks the attendance without human intervention. Face Recognition Time and attendance software systems are tools for efficient management of resources and accurate labor reporting. This study attempts to solve the long queue of the employee in the conventional fingerprint methods and improve the accuracy of attendance information. Database management system has played a role for the normalization of the data flow of the system and assisted the organization of attendance diagrams of the employee\, thus resulting to a more effective monitoring and attendance recording. To harness full potential in a networked environment, it is recommended to purchase additional face recognition device and immediate implementation of the developed system not only in the CSIT Department but also in SLSU Sogod Campus.
Predation and feeding behavior of corallimorpharian Paracorynactis hoplites (Cnidaria: Anthozoa) on Acanthaster planci in Sogod Bay, Southern Leyte, Philippines
Authors: Homer Hermes Y. de Dios
Published: November 2023

Paracorynactis hoplites is one of the natural predators of Acanthaster planci. Hence, this study offers a new knowledge on the predation and feeding behavior of P.hoplites on A. planci in Sogod Bay, Southern Leyte, Philippines. Three different individuals of P.hoplites located in the reef crevices of the fringing reef of Balong-balong, Pintuyan, So. Leyte were fed in situ with adult size A. planci (diameter in cm: 23.75±0.44, mean±SE) in the morning and in the afternoon for the months of Mar 2015 and Jun 2015. The feeding behavior and predation of polyps P. hopliteson A. planci were observed using SCUBA and were video/photo documented for less than 40 minutes using the underwater camera. The polyp P. hoplites extended to reach the prey and pulled A. planci towards the mouth, swallowed and ingested completely. It took about 17.378 to 29.382 min(95% CI) to complete ingestion in the morning and 17.582 to 37.991 min(95% CI) in the afternoon and showed no significant difference using paired t-test (t=0.337; p=0.308). However, the time to complete the ingestion of A. planci by P. hoplites in day one was significantly different from day two (t=0.167; p=0.041) showing that the predator was satiated with its prey but still capable of capturing/killing its prey. Ingestion on day one took 18.603 to 25.862 min(95% CI) and 23.434 to 31.683 min (95% CI) for day two. In the afternoon of the second day, the undigested parts of A. planci composed of spines and calcium carbonate skeleton/test were regurgitated into the sand near the polyp.
ANALISIS PENGARUH PDRB, IPM, DAN PENGANGGURAN TERHADAP KEMISKINAN 35 KAB/KOTA DI PROVINSI JAWA TENGAH (2016-2020)
Authors: Martini Dewi , Woyanti Nenik
Published: November 2023

Provinsi Jawa Tengah terdiri dari 35 Kabupaten/Kota secara keseluruhan masih memiliki masalah kemiskinan di tengah menjadi prioritas pembangunan industry. Tujuan dari penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis pengaruh Produk Domestik Regional Bruto (PDRB), Indeks Pembangunan Manusia (IPM), dan Pengangguran terhadap kemiskinan di Provinsi Jawa Tengah dalam kurun waktu tahun 2016 sampai 2020. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian adalah regresi data panel, dan digunakan data sekunder dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 175. Hasil penelitian, dua variabel independen yaitu PDRB dan IPM memiliki pengaruh negatif dan signifikan, sedangkan Pengangguran tidak berpengaruh terhadap tingkat kemiskinan di Jawa Tengah. Pertumbuhan PDRB dan IPM telah dapat dimanfaatkan dengan baik, namun penurunan pengangguran belum mampu mengurangi tingkat kemiskinan 35 Kabupaten/Kota di Jawa Tengah.Â
ANALISIS FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI PENAWARAN KOPI ROBUSTA DI KECAMATAN KANDANGAN KABUPATEN TEMANGGUNG
Authors: Suciningtyas Annisaa' Dyah , Setiawan Achma Hendra
Published: November 2023

This study aims to analyze the effect of coffee price, clove price, land area, production costs, and the use of technology on the quantity of Robusta coffee supply from farmers to middlemen in Kandangan District, Temanggung Regency. This study uses a quantitative approach with a population of 1980 coffee farmers. The sample used was 95 people who were divided into the villages of Banjarsari, Ngemplak, Tlogopucang, Blimbing, and Kembangsari with sampling using purposive sampling technique. The data used in the form of primary data based on questionnaires and indept interviews. The research analysis used multiple linear regression (OLS) dummy variables. The results showed that 99.5 percent of Robusta coffee supply in Kandangan District was influenced by price, clove price, land area, production costs and technology dummy variables. The independent variable simultaneously has a positive and significant effect on the supply of robusta coffee in Kandangan District. The variables of price, land area, and production costs have a positive effect, while the price of cloves has a negative effect on the supply of Robusta coffee in Kandangan District. Farmers who use technology have more coffee quantity offered than farmers who do not use technology. However, the price of cloves does not have a significant effect on the supply of robusta coffee because farmers in Kandangan District only produce cloves of 30 kilograms per year on average, while technology also has an insignificant effect due to limited market access.
ANALISIS SWOT DALAM MENINGKATKAN DAYA SAING PRODUK (CV. JENANG MUBAROK KUDUS)
Authors: Setiawan Ilham Haflawi , Kurniati Edy Dwi , Supraptini Nunuk
Published: November 2023

Competitiveness is the ability to show better, faster or more meaningful results. The capabilities in question are the ability to strengthen its market share, the ability to connect with the environment, the ability to continuously improve performance, the ability to establish a profitable position. according to company conditions.The theory used is competitiveness and SWOT analysis, competitiveness according to Kotler and Armstrong (2008), defines competitive advantage as an advantage over competitors that is achieved by offering greater value to consumers, either through lower prices or by providing more benefits. According to David (2010), SWOT analysis defines the analytical tools used to compile strategic factors based on the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats owned by the company.The type of research used in this research is descriptive qualitative. The population and samples were selected using a purposive sampling technique. The samples used in this study were people who were considered to know about CV's business conditions. Jenang Mubarok, totaling 7 people. The research method used is documentation, interviews, and questionnaires. The data analysis technique used is SWOT analysis which includes qualitative SWOT analysis, IFE matrix, EFE matrix and grand strategy matrix.The results of the analysis show that the business position based on the qualitative SWOT analysis is in the business position with the ST strategy, which is a combination of strategy with strength in dealing with threats. The results of the calculation of the Grand Strategy Matrix are strengths and weaknesses (S-W: = 1.86-1.83 = 0.03) so that it has a positive difference of 0.03, while for opportunities and threats (O-T: = 1.69-1.75 = -0.06) so it has a negative difference ofBased on the results of the analysis of the Grand Strategy Matrix, it shows that the business is in quadrant II, the appropriate strategy is concentric diversification and the ST strategy, namely to maintain strength in the face of threats, maintain quality products in the future so that consumers believe in jenang nubarok, add new products to win product competition, looking for cheaper raw materials to make jenang able to sell cheap prices, creating a copyright for the packaging of mubarok jenang products so that not many competitors imitate the product packaging
ANALISIS INTERAKSI SPASIAL EKONOMI DI KAWASAN KEDUNGSEPUR
Authors: Hidayah Nurul , Gunanto Edy Yusuf Agung
Published: November 2023

Kawasan Kedungsepur merupakan kawasan dengan kontribusi PDRB tertinggi di Provinsi Jawa Tengah, dengan kondisi yang strategis tersebut sangat berpotensi mendorong terjadinya proses interaksi spasial yang tinggi di Kawasan tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis interaksi spasial ekonomi Kabupaten/Kota dan menganalisis keterkaitan sektor ekonomiÂ  masing-masing Kabupaten/Kota dalam Kawasan Kedungsepur. Metode yang digunakan di dalam penelitian ini adalah analisis gravitasi dan indeks moranâ€™s. Hasil perhitungan dari analisis gravitasi Kota semarang memiliki nilai kekuatan yang paling tinggi disusul dengan Kabupaten Kendal, Kabupaten Semarang, Kabupaten Demak, Kabupaten Grobogan dan yang terakhir Kota Salatiga. Selanjutnya pada metode indeks moranâ€™s diperoleh hasilÂ  bahwa dalam sektor premier, Kabupaten Demak dan kabupaten Grobogan masuk dalam kategori high-high, Kabupaten Semarang dan Kabupaten Kendal masuk dalam kategori high-low, dan Kota Semarang dan Kota Salatiga masuk dalam kategori low-high. Sedangkan dalam sektor sekunder dan tersier, Kota Semarang menjadi satu-satunya wilayah yang masuk dalam kategori high-low, Kabupaten Semarang, Kabupaten Kendal dan Kabupaten Demak masuk dalam kategori low-high, sedangkan Kota Salatiga dan Kabupaten Grobogan masuk dalam kategori low-low
La letteratura cristiana nella produzione letteraria del tardo antico
Authors: Prinzivalli Emanuela
Published: November 2023

Abstract This essay aims to illustrate the main features of ancient Christian litera-ture, focusing in particular on multilingualism, multiculturalism, popularity and functionality. In the second part, the essay presents two examples of texts that may be of particular interest to legal scholars: the Acts of legal trials against Christians and the texts on marriage.
Il crimen expilatae hereditatis negli studi di diritto criminale di Franco Gnoli
Authors: Puliatti Salvatore
Published: November 2023

Abstract The paper aims to outline some relevant aspects of Franco Gnoli’s methodology and lines of interest with regard to the historical emersion and legal definition of the crimen expilatae hereditatis. Particular attention is devoted to the identification of the notion of this crime and its area of application.
Indagine sulle origini della paelex: una riflessione ragionata su un ruolo dai profili giuridici sfumati
Authors: Sandirocco Luigi
Published: November 2023

Abstract Ferdinando Zuccotti in his latest volume analyzed with peculiar accuracy and scientific care, with which he has always conducted his research, the evolution of the concept of paelex typical of archaic Rome as an element for reconsidering new itineraries of investigation without preconceptions on the elements and structure of marriage in dating times. The Author through the lexically ambiguous figure of the paelex, has offered the wedge to open a new perspective and rereading the roman marriage system through the axiom that the ius Quiritium did not contemplate it as the engaged were civilly legitimate spouses consequently to the conventio in manum. From this openness derives the need to review the very structure of conjugal unions in archaic Rome, in the effort to focus with analysis and synthesis on a period on which the sources are particularly scarce, almost non-existent.
Un ricordo di Franco Gnoli
Authors: Zuccotti Ferdinando
Published: November 2023

Abstract This essay is a nostalgic memory of moments spent together with Franco Gnoli at the University of Milan.
De novo fatty-acid synthesis protects invariant NKT cells from cell death, thereby promoting their homeostasis and pathogenic roles in airway hyperresponsiveness
Authors: Koh Jaemoon , Woo Yeon Duk , Yoo Hyun Jung , Choi Jun-Pyo , Kim Sae Hoon , Chang Yoon-Seok , Jung Kyeong Cheon , Kim Ji Hyung , Jeon Yoon Kyung , Kim Hye Young , Chung Doo Hyun
Published: November 2023

Invariant natural-killer T (iNKT) cells play pathogenic roles in allergic asthma in murine models and possibly also humans. While many studies show that the development and functions of innate and adaptive immune cells depend on their metabolic state, the evidence for this in iNKT cells is very limited. It is also not clear whether such metabolic regulation of iNKT cells could participate in their pathogenic activities in asthma. Here, we showed that acetyl-coA-carboxylase 1 (ACC1)-mediated de novo fatty-acid synthesis is required for the survival of iNKT cells and their deleterious functions in allergic asthma. ACC1, which is a key fatty-acid synthesis enzyme, was highly expressed by lung iNKT cells from WT mice that were developing asthma. Cd4-Cre::Acc1fl/fl mice failed to develop OVA-induced and HDM-induced asthma. Moreover, iNKT cell-deficient mice that were reconstituted with ACC1-deficient iNKT cells failed to develop asthma, unlike when WT iNKT cells were transferred. ACC1 deficiency in iNKT cells associated with reduced expression of fatty acid-binding proteins (FABPs) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)γ, but increased glycolytic capacity that promoted iNKT-cell death. Furthermore, circulating iNKT cells from allergic-asthma patients expressed higher ACC1 and PPARG levels than the corresponding cells from non-allergic-asthma patients and healthy individuals. Thus, de novo fatty-acid synthesis prevents iNKT-cell death via an ACC1-FABP-PPARγ axis, which contributes to their homeostasis and their pathogenic roles in allergic asthma.
Bayesian and Classical Semi-parametric Estimation of the Balanced Longitudinal Data Model
Authors: Habeeb Ahmed Abdulsamad , Al-Kazaz Qutaiba N. Nayef
Published: November 2023

The primary objective of this study is to employ semi-parametric regression techniques in the balanced longitudinal data model. Where the parametric regression models are plagued by the problem of strict constraints, while non-parametric regression models, despite their flexibility, suffer from the problem of the curse of dimensionality. Consequently, semi-parametric regression presents a suitable solution to address the problems in parametric and non-parametric regression methods. The advantage of this model is that it contains all the positive properties included in the previous two models such as containing strict restrictions in its parametric component, complete flexibility in its non-parametric component, and clarity of the interaction between its parametric and non-parametric components. According to the above, two methods were used to estimate a semi-parametric balanced longitudinal data model. The first is the Bayesian estimating method; the second is the Speckman method, which estimated the unknown nonparametric smoothing function by employing the kernel smoothing Nadaraya & Watson method. The Aim was to make a comparison between the Bayesian estimation method and the classical estimation method. Based on simulation experiments conducted on three different sample sizes (50, 100, and 200), it was concluded that the Bayes method is best at the variance levels (1,5). In contrast, the Profile least square method is best at the variance level (10).
Highlights From Gastroenterology Week: New Crohn Disease Drug, Redefining Liver Disease, and More
Authors: Suran Melissa
Published: November 2023

This Medical News article discusses new research presented at the 2023 United European Gastroenterology Week held in Copenhagen, Denmark.
Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of Myopia Progression Interventions in Children
Authors: Agyekum Sylvia , Chan Poemen P. , Adjei Prince E. , Zhang Yuzhou , Huo Zhaohua , Yip Benjamin H. K. , Ip Patrick , Wong Ian C. K. , Zhang Wei , Tham Clement C. , Chen Li Jia , Zhang Xiu Juan , Pang Chi Pui , Yam Jason C.
Published: November 2023

Importance

Several interventions exist for treating myopia progression in children. While these interventions’ efficacy has been studied, their cost-effectiveness remains unknown and has not been compared.

Objective

To determine cost-effective options for controlling myopia progression in children.

Design, Setting, and Participants

In this cost-effectiveness analysis, a Markov model was designed to compare the cost-effectiveness of interventions for controlling myopia progression over 5 years from a societal perspective in a simulated hypothetical cohort of patients aged 10 years with myopia. Myopia interventions considered included atropine eye drops, 0.05% and 0.01%, defocus incorporated multiple segment spectacles, outdoor activity, soft contact lenses (daily disposable and multifocal), rigid gas-permeable contact lenses, progressive addition lenses, bifocal spectacle lenses, orthokeratology, highly aspherical lenslets (HALs), and red light therapy; all interventions were compared with single-vision lenses. Deterministic and probabilistic sensitivity analysis determined the association of model uncertainties with the cost-effectiveness. Costs were obtained from the charges of the Hospital Authority of Hong Kong and The Chinese University of Hong Kong Eye Center.

Main Outcome and Measures

The mean costs (in US dollars) per child included the cost of hospital visits, medications, and optical lenses. The outcomes of effectiveness were the annual spherical equivalent refraction (SER) and axial length (AL) reductions. Incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs) were calculated for each strategy relative to single-vision lenses over a time horizon of 5 years.

Results

Outdoor activity, atropine (0.05%), red light therapy, HALs, and orthokeratology were cost-effective. The ICER of atropine, 0.05%, was US $220/SER reduction; red light therapy, US $846/SER reduction; and HALs, US $448/SER reduction. Outdoor activity yielded a savings of US $5/SER reduction and US $8/AL reduction. Orthokeratology resulted in an ICER of US $2376/AL reduction.

Conclusions and Relevance

These findings suggest that atropine eye drops, 0.05%, and outdoor activity are cost-effective for controlling myopia progression in children. Though more expensive, red light therapy, HALs, and orthokeratology may also be cost-effective. The use of these interventions may help to control myopia in a cost-effective way.
Adhesive, Flexible, and Fast Degradable 3D‐Printed Wound Dressings with a Simple Composition
Authors: Hu Yu , Tang Hao , Xu Nan , Kang Xiaowo , Wu Weijun , Shen Chuhan , Lin Junsheng , Bao Yinyin , Jiang Xingyu , Luo Zhi
Published: November 2023

3D printing technology has revolutionized the field of wound dressings, offering tailored solutions with mechanical support to facilitate wound closure. In addition to personalization, the intricate nature of the wound healing process requires wound dressing materials with diverse properties, such as moisturization, flexibility, adhesion, anti‐oxidation and degradability. Unfortunately, current materials used in digital light processing (DLP) 3D printing have been inadequate in meeting these crucial criteria. This study introduces a novel DLP resin that is biocompatible and consists of only three commonly employed non‐toxic compounds in biomaterials, that is, dopamine, poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate, and N‐vinylpyrrolidone. Simple as it is, this material system fulfills all essential functions for effective wound healing. Unlike most DLP resins that are non‐degradable and rigid, this material exhibits tunable and rapid degradation kinetics, allowing for complete hydrolysis within a few hours. Furthermore, the high flexibility enables conformal application of complex dressings in challenging areas such as finger joints. Using a difficult‐to‐heal wound model, the manifold positive effects on wound healing in vivo, including granulation tissue formation, inflammation regulation, and vascularization are substantiated. The simplicity and versatility of this material make it a promising option for personalized wound care, holding significant potential for future translation.
Blue Emitting CsPbBr3: High Quantum Confinement Effect and Well‐Adjusted Shapes (Nanorods, Nanoplates, and Cubes) toward White Light Emitting Diodes
Authors: Shi Wenbin , Zhang Xiao , Xie Cong , Chen Hsueh Shih , Yang Ping
Published: November 2023

Controlled nucleation and slow growth endow blue emitting CsPbX3 nanocrystals (NCs) with bright photoluminescence (PL), which is crucial needed in luminescent devices. In this paper, a low‐temperature injection synthesis method is developed to control nucleation and the growth process by decreasing the reaction rate of ions, thereby controlling the morphologies of CsPbX3 NCs in clusters, nanorods (NRs), nanoplates (NPLs), and nanocubes by adjusting precursors, ligands, and injection parameters. CsPbX3 NCs exhibit excellent PL properties such as high quantum confinement effect. The PL peak wavelengths of CsPbBr3 NPLs and NRs are at 451 and 467 nm, respectively, in which their full width at half maximum (FWHM) of PL spectra is 22 and 12 nm, while their PL efficiencies are 65 and 74%, respectively. The method is further used to create CsPbI3 and CsPbCl3. CsPbI3 NPLs and NRs reveal PL peaks at 590 and 600 nm and PL efficiencies of 56% and 60%, respectively. These NCs exhibit excellent stability against ultraviolet light irradiation. A color conversion layer for white light‐emitting diodes is fabricated using these highly bright NCs. A Commission Internationale d'Eclairage color coordinate of (0.31,0.33) is located at the white light region specified by Rec.2020 standard, and the color temperature reaches 6189 K.
In Situ Polymerization of Cross‐Linked Perovskite–Polymer Composites for Highly Stable and Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Guo He , Yoon Geon Woo , Li Zi Jia , Yun Yeonghun , Lee Sangwook , Seo You‐Hyun , Jeon Nam Joong , Han Gill Sang , Jung Hyun Suk
Published: November 2023

Mixed‐halide perovskites have emerged as outstanding light absorbers that enable the fabrication of efficient solar cells; however, their instability hinders the commercialization of such systems. Grain‐boundary (GB) defects and lattice tensile strain are critical intrinsic‐instability factors in polycrystalline perovskite films. In this study, the light‐induced cross‐linking of acrylamide (Am) monomers with non‐crystalline perovskite films is used to fabricate highly efficient and stable perovskite solar cells (PSCs). The Am monomers induce the preferred crystal orientation in the polycrystalline perovskite films, enlarge the perovskite grain size, and cross‐link the perovskite grains. Additionally, the liquid properties of Am effectively releases lattice strain during perovskite‐film crystallization. The cross‐linked interfacial layer functions as an airtight wall that protects the perovskite film from water corrosion. Devices fabricated using the proposed strategy show an excellent power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 24.45% with an open‐circuit voltage (VOC) of 1.199 V, which, to date, is the highest VOC reported for hybrid PSCs with electron transport layers (ETLs) comprised of TiO2. Large‐area PSC modules fabricated using the proposed strategy show a power conversion efficiency of 20.31% (with a high fill factor of 77.1%) over an active area of 33 cm2, with excellent storage stability.
Enhancing Bacillus licheniformis sporulation with automatic nitrogen feeding based on online detection of exhaust CO2
Authors: Ding Jian , Wang Bo , Jiang Jingyan , Jia Luqiang , Lu Cheng
Published: November 2023

The Bacillus licheniformis formulation is effective in environmental remediation, gut microbiota modulation, and soil improvement. Adequate spore quantity is crucial for activity of B. licheniformis formulations. This study aimed to enhance B. licheniformis BF‐002 sporulation by optimizing nitrogen source feeding. In the initial four manual feeding strategies, continuous feeding based on exhaust CO2 resulted in the highest cell and spore quantities (1.44 × 1010 and 6.12 × 109 cfu/mL). Python‐based automatic feeding, based on online exhaust CO2 detection, was developed and implemented in 5 and 50 L cultivations. Compared to manual feeding, cell and spore quantities increased by 31.25% and 97.7%, respectively. Substituting costly peptone (fish) with NH4Cl reduced spore quantity by 8.46% and 9.25% in 5 and 50 L cultivations, while cutting nitrogen source cost by 87.08% and 91.39%. Employing exhaust CO2 concentration for automatic nitrogen supplementation effectively promotes Bacillus growth and spore formation.
Ein universeller, kontinuierlicher Assay für SAM‐abhängige Methyltransferasen
Authors: Menke Marian J. , Schneider Pascal , Badenhorst Christoffel P. S. , Kunzendorf Andreas , Heinz Florian , Dörr Mark , Hayes Martin A. , Bornscheuer Uwe T.
Published: November 2023

Die enzymkatalysierte Funktionalisierung (engl.: late‐stage functionalization (LSF)), wie z. B. die Methylierung von Arzneimittelmolekülen und Leitstrukturen, ermöglicht den direkten Zugang zu wirksameren pharmazeutischen Wirkstoffen (API). S‐Adenosyl‐l‐Methionin‐abhängige Methyltransferasen (MTs) können eine Schlüsselrolle bei der Entwicklung neuer Wirkstoffe spielen, da sie die chemo‐ und regioselektive Methylierung von O‐, N‐, S‐ und C‐Atomen katalysieren und damit den herkömmlichen chemischen Wegen überlegen sind. Um geeignete MTs zu identifizieren, haben wir einen kontinuierlichen fluoreszenzbasierten Hochdurchsatzassay für SAM‐abhängige Methyltransferasen entwickelt, der das Screening unter Verwendung von E. coli Zelllysaten erleichtert. Dieser Assay besteht aus zwei enzymatischen Schritten für die Umwandlung von S‐Adenosyl‐l‐Homocystein zu H2S, was zu einer selektiven Fluoreszenzmessung durch Reduktion eines Azidocoumarin‐Sulfidsensors führt. Die Untersuchung von zwei O‐MTs und einer N‐MT bestätigte, dass dieser Assay für die Bestimmung der Methyltransferase‐Aktivität in E. coli Zelllysaten geeignet ist.
Enhanced harvest performance predictability through advanced multivariate data analysis of mammalian cell culture particle size distribution
Authors: Sebastian Martina , Goldrick Stephen , Cheeks Matthew , Turner Richard , Farid Suzanne S.
Published: November 2023

The industry's pursuit for higher antibody production has led to increased cell density cultures that impact the performance of subsequent product recovery steps. This increase in cell concentration has highlighted the critical role of solids concentration in centrifugation yield, while recent product degradation cases have shed light on the impact of cell lysis on product quality. Current methods for measuring solids concentration and cell lysis are not suited for early‐stage high‐throughput experimentation, which means that these cell culture outputs are not well characterized in early process development. This article describes a novel approach that leveraged the data from a widely‐used automated cell counter (Vi‐CELL™ XR) to accurately predict solids concentration and a common cell lysis indicator represented as lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release. For this purpose, partial least squares (PLS) models were derived with k‐fold cross‐validation from the particle size distribution data generated by the cell counter. The PLS models showed good predictive potential for both LDH release and solids concentration. This novel approach reduced the time required for evaluating the solids concentration and LDH for a typical high‐throughput cell culture system (with 48 bioreactors in parallel) from around 7 h down to a few minutes.
Increasing the Stability of Flavin‐Dependent Halogenases by Disulfide Engineering
Authors: Besse Caroline , Niemann Hartmut H. , Sewald Norbert
Published: November 2023

Flavin‐dependent halogenases allow halogenation of electron‐rich aromatic compounds under mild reaction conditions even at electronically unfavored positions with high regioselectivity. In order to expand the application of halogenases, the enzymes need to be improved in terms of stability and efficiency. A previous study with the tryptophan 6‐halogenase Thal demonstrated that thermostable Thal variants tend to form dimers in solution while the wild type is present as a monomer. Based on this a dimeric Thal variant was generated that is covalently linked by disulfide bonds. Introducing two cysteine residues at the dimer interface resulted in the variant Thal CC with significantly increased thermostability (▵T50=15.7 K) and stability over time at elevated temperature compared to the wild type. By introducing the homologous mutations into the tryptophan 5‐halogenase PyrH, we were able to show that the stabilization by covalent dimerization can also be transferred to other halogenases. Moreover, it was possible to further increase the thermostability of PyrH by inserting cysteine mutations at alternative sites of the dimer interface.
Tailored Nickel‐Tungsten Interface on ZSM‐5as a Bi‐functional Catalyst for the Single‐Pot Conversion of Furfural to Renewable Alkyl Levulinates
Authors: Saini Bhavna , Tathod Anup Prakash , Diwakar Jitendra , Kaishyop Jyotishman , Arumugam Selvamani , Viswanadham Nagabhatla
Published: November 2023

A single–pot conversion of furfural (FAL) to alkyl levulinates (AL) without using molecular hydrogen has been studied over ZSM‐5‐based Ni−W bimetallic catalysts. The metal‐metal and metal‐support interactions in the bi‐metallic catalyst are tailored by adopting appropriate synthesis protocol to conceive the superior catalytic performance. Insights on the structural properties and structure‐properties relationship of catalyst is described using the data obtained through various characterization techniques like FTIR, XRD, NH3‐TPD, H2‐TPR, TEM, UV‐Vis, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The catalyst synthesis method is observed to influence catalyst properties and catalytic activity strongly. The present study indicates the formation of Ni−W bimetallic interface enhances the catalytic performance towards AL formation. However, the probability of interface formation is mainly governed by synthesis protocol. The study highlights the importance of selecting a suitable synthesis route to achieve desirable catalyst properties for obtaining enhanced catalytic performance. The Ni/W@ZSM‐5 catalyst developed in the present study exhibited excellent catalytic performance towards the production of various ALs from FAL using primary and secondary alcohols as source of hydrogen as well as reactant.
Exploring the Synergistic Effects of Dual‐Layer Electrodes for High Power Li‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Dawkins Jeremy I. G. , Pan Yani , Ghavidel Mohammadreza Z. , Geissler Johann , Krueger Bastian , Chhin Danny , Yuan Hui , Tong Victoria , Pelletier‐Villeneuve Brittany , Feng Renfei , Botton Gianluigi A. , Chapman Karena W. , Mauzeroll Janine , Schougaard Steen B.
Published: November 2023

Invited for this issue's Front Cover are the group of Prof. Janine Mauzeroll and Prof. Steen B. Schougaard. The front cover picture shows Li‐metal cells which contain two active materials (red and blue). The cell on the left has both materials intermixed (blended electrode), while the cell on the right has them segregated (dual‐layer electrode). The brightness emitted by the bulbs, the position on the scale, and the distribution of Li+ in the liquid phase (green orbs) reflects the high‐power capabilities of the dual‐layer architecture. Cover design by Jeremy I. G. Dawkins, Janine Mauzeroll and Steen B. Schougaard. Read the full text of the Research Article at 10.1002/celc.202300279.
Preference of dhurrin‐free sorghum by ewes
Authors: Gruss Shelby M. , Johnson Keith D. , Radcliffe John Scott , Lemenager Ronald P. , Tuinstra Mitchell R.
Published: November 2023

Sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] is a resilient forage crop due to its drought tolerance and adaptation to low‐N environments. Sorghum produces a cyanogenic glucoside called dhurrin. The breakdown of dhurrin leads to the release of hydrogen cyanide (HCN), which can cause cyanide toxicity in livestock. Dhurrin‐free sorghum lines have been developed through chemical mutagenesis by mutagenizing the gene for the first enzyme, CYP79A1, in the biosynthetic pathway. The CYP79A1 mutation was bred into sorghum lines to create a dhurrin‐free experimental hybrid. Grazing preference of ewes was assessed when allocated to the dhurrin‐free hybrid and three commercial hybrids. Near isogenic lines (NIL), contrasting in dhurrin production, were also compared for grazing preference. Forage mass was measured before and after grazing to determine the amount of forage mass grazed by the ewes. An unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) was flown to quantify changes in normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) over time for each hybrid. The nutritive values of the hybrids were also evaluated. The dhurrin‐free hybrid was grazed 19% and 13% more (p‐value ≤ 0.05) in comparison to the commercial hybrids for the second and third grazing cycles in 2019 and 2020. The NIL Tx623 bmr6 CYP79A1, was grazed 20% more than Tx623 bmr6 in two grazing cycles in 2020. Remote sensing data showed a similar pattern with the dhurrin‐free hybrid having the largest decline in NDVI for three grazing cycles in 2019. Nutritive value of the dhurrin‐free hybrid was similar to the two hybrids with the brown midrib (bmr) trait.
Uncertainty quantification and identification of SST turbulence model parameters based on Bayesian optimization algorithm in supersonic flow
Authors: Yang Maotao , Guo Mingming , Zhang Yi , Tian Ye , Yi Miaorong , Le Jialing , Zhang Hua
Published: November 2023

The Reynolds‐Averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) model is the main model in engineering applications today. However, the normal value of the closure coefficient of the RANS turbulence model is determined based on some simple basic flows and may no longer be applicable for complex flows. In this paper, the closure coefficient of shear stress transport (SST) turbulence model is recalibrated by combining Bayesian method and particle swarm optimization algorithm, so as to improve the numerical simulation accuracy of wall pressure in supersonic flow. First, the obtained prior samples were numerically calculated, and the Sobol index of the closure coefficient was calculated by sensitivity analysis method to characterize the sensitivity of the wall pressure to the model parameters. Second, combined with the uncertainty of propagation parameters by non‐intrusive polynomial chaos (NIPC). Finally, Bayesian optimization is used to quantify the uncertainty and obtain the maximum likelihood function estimation and optimal parameters. The results show that the maximum relative error of wall pressure predicted by the SST turbulence model decreases from 29.71% to 9.00%, and the average relative error decreases from 9.86% to 3.67% through the parameter calibration of Bayesian optimization method. In addition, the system evaluated the calibration effect of three criteria, and the calibration results parameters under the three criteria were all better than the calculated results of the nominal values. Meanwhile, the velocity profile and density profile of the flow field were also analyzed. Finally, the same calibration method was applied to the supersonic hollow cylinder and BSL (Baseline) turbulence model, and the same calibration results were obtained, which verified the universality of the calibration method.
Tracking antigen‐specific TCR clonotypes in SARS‐CoV‐2 infection reveals distinct severity trajectories
Authors: Kim Ik Soo , Kang Chang Kyung , Lee Seung Jae , Lee Chang‐Han , Kim Minji , Seo Chaehwa , Kim Gwanghun , Lee Soojin , Park Kyoung Sun , Chang Euijin , Jung Jongtak , Song Kyoung‐Ho , Choe Pyoeng Gyun , Park Wan Beom , Kim Eu Suk , Bin Kim Hong , Kim Nam Joong , Oh Myoung‐don , Lee Jong‐Eun , Shin Hyun Mu , Kim Hang‐Rae
Published: November 2023

Despite the importance of antigen‐specific T cells in infectious disease, characterizing and tracking clonally amplified T cells during the progression of a patient's symptoms remain unclear. Here, we performed a longitudinal, in‐depth single‐cell multiomics analysis of samples from asymptomatic, mild, usual severe, and delayed severe patients of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. Our in‐depth analysis revealed that hyperactive or improper T‐cell responses were more aggressive in delayed severe patients. Interestingly, tracking of antigen‐specific T‐cell receptor (TCR) clonotypes along the developmental trajectory indicated an attenuation in functional T cells upon severity. In addition, increased glycolysis and interleukin‐6 signaling in the cytotoxic T cells were markedly distinct in delayed severe patients compared to usual severe patients, particularly in the middle and late stages of infection. Tracking B‐cell receptor clonotypes also revealed distinct transitions and somatic hypermutations within B cells across different levels of disease severity. Our results suggest that single‐cell TCR clonotype tracking can distinguish the severity of patients through immunological hallmarks, leading to a better understanding of the severity differences in and improving the management of infectious diseases by analyzing the dynamics of immune responses over time.
Elderly Onset of Functional Motor Disorders: Clinical Correlates from the Italian Registry
Authors: Geroin Christian , Petracca Martina , Di Tella Sonia , Marcuzzo Enrico , Erro Roberto , Cuoco Sofia , Ceravolo Roberto , Mazzucchi Sonia , Pilotto Andrea , Padovani Alessandro , Romito Luigi Michele , Eleopra Roberto , Zappia Mario , Nicoletti Alessandra , Dallocchio Carlo , Arbasino Carla , Bono Francesco , Laterza Vincenzo , Demartini Benedetta , Gambini Orsola , Modugno Nicola , Olivola Enrica , Bonanni Laura , Albanese Alberto , Ferrazzano Gina , Tessitore Alessandro , Lopiano Leonardo , Calandra‐Buonaura Giovanna , Morgante Francesca , Esposito Marcello , Pisani Antonio , Manganotti Paolo , Tesolin Lucia , Teatini Francesco , Camozzi Serena , Ercoli Tommaso , Stocchi Fabrizio , Coletti Moja Mario , Defazio Giovanni , Tinazzi Michele
Published: November 2023

Background

Functional motor disorders (FMD) are a frequent neurological condition affecting patients with movement disorders. Commonly described in younger adults, their manifestation can be also associated to an elderly onset.

Objective

To assess the prevalence and describe the clinical manifestations of FMD with elderly and younger onset and their relationship with demographical and clinical variables.

Methods

We recruited patients with a “clinically definite” diagnosis of FMD from the Italian Registry of FMD. Patients underwent extensive clinical assessments. For elderly onset, we set a chronological cut‐off at 65 years or older according to WHO definition. Multivariate regression models were implemented to estimate adjusted odds ratio of elderly FMD onset related to clinical characteristics.

Results

Among the 410 patients, 34 (8.2%) experienced elderly‐onset FMD, with a mean age at onset of 70.9 years. The most common phenotype was tremor (47.1%), followed by gait disorders, weakness, and dystonia (29.4%, 23.5%, 14.7%, respectively). Eleven elderly patients had a combined phenomenology: 9 exhibited two phenotypes, 2 had three phenotypes. Weakness was isolated in 3/8 patients and combined with another phenotype in 5/8, manifesting as paraplegia (n = 4); upper limb diplegia (n = 2), hemiparesis/hemiplegia (n = 1), and tetraparesis/tetraplegia (n= 1). Non‐motor and other functional neurological disorders occurred more frequently in the younger group (89.1%) than the elderly (73.5%). Neurological and non‐neurological comorbidities were more prevalent in the elderly group (82.4%) as opposed to the younger (32.7%). In a multivariate regression analysis, elderly‐onset FMD was significantly associated with neurological comorbidities, including parkinsonism (OR 6.73) and cerebrovascular diseases (OR 5.48).

Conclusions

These results highlight the importance of achieving an accurate diagnosis of FMD in the elderly, as it is crucial for effectively managing FMD symptoms and addressing neurological comorbidities.
Unraveling the Twist: Spatial Navigational Challenges in Cervical Dystonia
Authors: Agharazi Hanieh , Wang Alexander , Guha Aratrik , Gupta Palak , Shaikh Aasef G.
Published: November 2023

Background

Cervical dystonia (CD) is an intricate neurological condition with motor and nonmotor symptoms. These include disruptions in visual perception, self‐orientation, visual working memory, and vestibular functions. However, the specific impact of CD on perceiving self‐motion direction, especially with isolated visual or vestibular stimuli, remains largely unexplored.

Objective

This study aimed to examine the effects of CD on linear motion perception, hypothesizing impaired heading discrimination in both vestibular and visual tasks, and that such deficits correlate with the disease severity.

Methods

We employed a cutting‐edge motion platform to precisely control whole‐body linear motion. Through repeated two‐alternative forced‐choice tasks, we assessed vestibular heading direction discrimination. Participants observed dynamic star clouds in immersive virtual reality and indicated their perceived self‐motion direction, evaluating visual heading direction discrimination. Sensitivity to direction variations and response accuracy errors were analyzed using robust Gaussian cumulative distribution psychometric functions.

Results

Heading perception is impaired in individuals with CD, particularly evident in vestibular heading discrimination. CD severity correlated with elevated thresholds for both vestibular and visual heading discrimination. Surprisingly, lateralized CD did not introduce bias in either system, suggesting widespread disruption over localized effects.

Conclusions

Contrary to previous beliefs, our findings challenge the idea that CD‐related heading discrimination issues mainly arise from peripheral vestibular effects. Instead, abnormal proprioceptive input from dystonic neck muscles introduces noise into the central mechanism integrating visual, vestibular, and proprioceptive signals. These insights into spatial navigation deficits have implications for future CD research. © 2023 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society. This article has been contributed to by U.S. Government employees and their work is in the public domain in the USA.
Effects of broodfish sex ratio, broodfish stocking density, and postspawn broodfish holding-pond density on reproductive efficiency in pond-spawned Channel Catfish
Authors: Bosworth Brian G. , Waldbieser Geoffrey C. , Engle Carole , Kumar Ganesh
Published: November 2023

Objective

Three trials were conducted to determine the effects of broodfish management on reproductive efficiency of pond-spawned Channel Catfish Ictalurus punctatus.

Methods

Trial 1 compared male to female broodfish sex ratios of 1:1 versus 1:4, trial 2 compared low (1065 kg/ha) versus high (2050 kg/ha) broodfish stocking densities, and trial 3 compared low (1525 kg/ha) and high (5780 kg/ha) postspawn broodfish holding-pond densities on measures of reproductive efficiency.

Result

Males had lower survival than females in all trials. Age, weight, and survival of broodfish were similar for each treatment within trials. A higher percentage of females spawned at the 1:1 male to female ratio than at the 1:4 ratio (40.8% versus 12.5%), resulting in more eggs per hectare, eggs per kilogram of broodfish, fry per hectare, and fry per kilogram of broodfish for the 1:1 ratio compared to the 1:4 ratio. Male spawning success (~31%) was similar for 1:1 and 1:4 sex ratios. Spawning fish weighed more than nonspawning fish for both sexes, and surviving males weighed less than nonsurviving males in trial 1. In trial 2, the percentage of egg masses collected per female stocked was higher for the high broodfish density than the low density (34.0% versus 16.4%), resulting in more eggs per hectare and fry per hectare for the high stocking density resulting in whole-farm economic benefits ranging from US$323/ha to $828/ha primarily from the reduction in the area required for broodstock.

Conclusion

Results indicate that the 1:1 male to female broodfish ratio (trial 1) and high broodfish stocking density (trial 2) resulted in better reproduction than the 1:4 sex ratio and low broodfish stocking density. The effects of low versus high broodfish holding-pond densities did not affect reproductive output.