bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ANALISIS RASIO AKTIVITAS DAN RASIO PROFITABILITAS DALAM MENGUKUR KINERJA KEUANGAN PADA PT. MALLOMO TRANSPORINDO KABUPATEN MAROS
Authors: Rahman Muh. Aswar , Basir Muhammad , Mashuddin Nurwahidah
Published: January 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana kinerja keuangan PT. Mallomo Transporindo Kabupaten Maros ditinjau dari hasil perhitungan rasio aktivitas (Total Asset Turnover, Inventory Turnover) dan rasio profitabilitas (Return on Asset, Return on Equity).Metode analisis deskriptif. Metode ini digunakan untuk menggambarkan secara sistematis, faktual, dan cermat serta berusaha memberikan informasi tentang apa saja yang ada hubungannya dengan penelitian kemudian menganalisisnya dengan menggunakan rasio aktivitas, dan rasio profitabilitas.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa secara umum rasio keuangan PT. Mallomo Transporindo Kabupaten Maros mengalami fluktuasi, namun diantaranya terdapat beberapa perusahaan yang memiliki rasio keuangan yang baik dan rasio keuangan yang buruk.
The relationship between perceived parenting style and attachment styles, depending on the family structure
Authors: Tomșa Adina-Gabriela
Published: January 2021

This paper objective is to investigate the elements from childhood that can be associated with some type of attachment in adult relationships. Participants were 207 young people aged between 20 and 30 (M= 23,22), from Romania, who have been in a relationship during the last year. The used instruments were: Parental Authority Questionnaire and Experiences of Close Relationships Inventory. The results supported that a permissive parental style is associated with a low level of anxiety (r = .17) as a dimension of attachment in adult relationships; while authoritarian parental style coincides with avoidance tendencies (r = .17) and an increased anxiety (r = .35) in adult relationships and last but not least, authoritative parental style is associated with low levels of anxiety (r = .19) or avoidance (r = .29) in relation to others. Furthermore, the work revealed differences between participants from single-parent families (following the death of their mother or father) and participants who were raised in two parent families, the latter having a lower level of avoidance, being able to express themselves more easily in relationships and show their affection. The parental structure was not supported as a significant moderator of the relationship between perceived parenting style and attachment.
The circular relationship between job satisfaction and job performance mediated by psychological capital
Authors: Get Wasim
Published: January 2021

The present study aims, on the one hand, to verify whether PsyCap as a second-order construct has a higher mediation effect than each of its four components taken as separate mediators (efficacy, hope, resilience, optimism) in the relationship between job satisfaction and job performance. The second objective was to compare two mediation models. In the first model PsyCap mediates the relationship between job satisfaction and job performance and in the second model PsyCap mediates the relationship between job performance and job satisfaction. The participants were 280 employees in Romanian organizations aged between 18 and 68, M = 32.96, AS = 10.10. Three questionnaires were used: Psychological Capital Questionnaire (PCQ), Goodman and Svyantek Performance Scale, and The Generic Job Satisfaction Scale. The results showed that indeed the mediation estimates for PsyCap were higher than the estimates for its four components, regardless of the direction of the satiation-performance relationship. At the same time, through psychological capital, job satisfaction determines an increase in job performance, and job performance determines an increase in job satisfaction.
Personality and resilience in medical students
Authors: Motorga Raluca
Published: January 2021

This study has three main objectives: to establish the relationships between personality traits and resilience in medical students, the relationships between vulnerability factors and the level of resilience in medical students, and the relationships between personality traits, resilience and symptoms of depression, anxiety, stress among medical students. In this study participated 134 students enrolled at the University of Medicine and Pharmacy in Craiova, both in the specialization of general medicine and general medicine nurses, aged between 18 and 25 years, M = 19.78, SD = 1.31. Of these, 34 are men and 100 are women. The instrument used were Inventory of vulnerability / protection factors (α = .79), Resilience Scale, short form, RS-14 (α = .87), five sets of 10 items each in five sub-domains of NEO PI-R: neuroticism, extraversion, openness to experiences, aggreableness, and conscientiousness (α > .70), and Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scales, DASS 21-R (α > .70). Resilience was negatively corelated with neuroticism, positively correlated with extraversion, and also positively correlated with conscientiousness. The protective factors were positively associated with resilience. Neuroticism has an increasing effect on depression, while extraversion has a decreasing effect on depression, neuroticism has an increasing effect on anxiety and stress, and aggreableness has a decreasing effect on stress. The results also showed that a high level of resilience leads to a low level of depression, anxiety, and stress.
Perception of international student’s towards education services in Romania: Expectations and challenges.
Authors: Kambuga Yusuph
Published: January 2021

The study examines the perception, expectations and challenges among international students studying in higher learning institutions in Romania. The study has employed an open- ended questionnaire to collect largest student opinions. The study has involved participants from the University of Bucharest, University of Politehnica, University of Ploiesti, Academic studies of Economic Bucharest (ASE), Babes Bolyai, and Carol Davila University of Medicine. The international students involved in this study were almost from Asia, Africa, Southern America, and Europe. The responses of international students were divided into two parts. The first part discusses the perception and expectations and the second part presents the challenges faces such as education style, financial difficulties, language barriers, Homesickness, supervision problems, and cultural/social adjustment.
STUDIU PRIVIND PREDICTORII ASOCIAȚI MOTIVAȚIEI ÎN DOMENIUL PUBLIC LA FORȚELE DE ORDINE
Authors: Vasile Nicu
Published: January 2021

This paper brings in atention a concept emerging in the United States of America in the 1980s, which is then defined and developed as a theory in the 1990s, namely Public Service Motivation. Based on self-determination theory, the objective of this study was to analyze the relationship between the public service motivation variable and organizational commitment, abusive supervision and salary satisfaction. We have used multiple linear regression analysis as well as linear hierarchical analysis to test these relationships and to control two individual variables, the age and seniority of the participants. Results suggest that the organizational commitment is positively associated, and abusive supervision and satisfaction with salary are negatively associated with public service motivation. Age and seniority variables did not have a statistically significant relationship with the independent variable. Theoretical and practical implications will be discussed.
Predispoziția spre structurare obsesiv-compulsivă la militari
Authors: Arseni-Trican Georgiana
Published: January 2021

The main objective of this paper is to identify the combined effect of the training in the millitary (self-perceived), parental relations (self-perceived) and attachment style on soldier’s obsessive-compulsive personality structure. The secondary objectives are to find the relation between each independent variable – training in the millitary (self-perceived), parental relations (self-perceived) and attachment style – and obsessive-compulsive personality structure. The participants were 82 male officers and 12 female officers. The obtained data supported the hypotheses regarding the differences between officers from land forces academy and those from technical academy. Considering the hypotheses with reference to significant correlations and prediction ability of the independent variables on obssesive-compulsive personality structure, they were partially confirmed. Specifically, significant effects were identified only on some dimensions of obssesive-compulsive personality structure, like: hipercorectness, ritualic tendencies and verifications.
THE COST OF NEGATIVE INCOME TAX AS A FISCAL MEASURE TO TACKLE POVERTY IN NORTH MACEDONIA
Authors: Velkovska Ivana
Published: January 2021

This paper makes an effort to evaluate the cost of negative income tax as a fiscal measure aiming to tackle the persistent high poverty rate in Macedonia. Poverty, income inequality and unemployment are expected to rise all around the world due to the pandemic corona virus outbreak and the subsequent economic crisis. Governments around the world have already implemented measures similar to universal basic income with the purpose of increasing household consumption and stimulating aggregate demand but also to mitigate the devastating effects that the recent unfavorable economic developments have on the citizens living in poverty or are at the risk of poverty. However, shrinking fiscal spaces of small economies could be an obstacle to implement such policies. Compared to universal basic income, negative income tax is a less costly policy option that targets the population living in poverty instead of providing payments to everyone regardless of their income. The analysis based on the available data is indicating that implementing such policy would cost as much as 9.7 billion MKD per year, which is 4% of the planned state budget revenues for Y2020, 8% of the planned social transfers for Y2020 and 29% of the funds that the state has made available for tackling the COVID 19 crisis so far. In addition, the negative income tax could trigger various positive effects on the economy. Since poor people spend almost all of their income, it could be expected that implementing negative income tax would rise household consumption. According to the empirical analysis in this paper, household consumption is in highest correlation to GDP growth in Macedonia compared to the other explanatory variables (government consumption, investments, import and export).
ON THE INFLUENCE OF BANKING RELATIONSHIPS ON FRENCH SMES FAILURE
Authors: Veganzones David , Séverin Eric
Published: January 2021

Small and medium firms are highly dependent on banks to finance their business activities. Thus, banking relationship may be crucial to overcome financial difficulties and to ensure their continuity. Accordingly, this paper investigates the influence of banking relationship on SMEs failure. In particular, four measures that firms can control to build their banking relationships and, that resemble standard variables from the literature on bank/firms relationships are evaluated: the breadth of relationships (number of banks), the relationship length(relationship duration), the relationship proximity (bank-firm distance) and, the relationship form (type of bank). Applying a logistic regression to a unique sample of 4960 French SME firms over the period 2013-2016, we evidence that banking relationships have a significant role on the SMEs likelihood of failure. More precisely, we find that multibank relationships, working with a small bank and relationship length are significantly negative correlated with SMEs failure. The opposite effect appears in bank-firm distance, which increases the SMEs probability of failure. Additionally, a corporate failure prediction model was built based on both financial ratios and banking relationship variables. The performance of this model was compared to a model based solely on financial ratios as predictive indicators. The results indicate that banking relationship variables possess prediction power to failure and enhance the performance of corporate failure models. Consequently, our findings are important from a policy perspective to further comprehend the role that banks play on SMEs failure.
A review on impact of leadership styles in organizations
Authors: KIYAK Afet , BOZKURT Fatma
Published: January 2021

This study aims to investigate the different effects of different leadership styles on the organization with a new projected discussion model and to prove that it produces varied outcomes. The study explains what leadership is, gives detailed information on major leadership styles and well-known theories, and discusses how gender differences and emotional intelligence relate to the leadership styles. The study builds on the broad existing literature reviews and arguments. The existing theoretical frameworks on different approaches of leadership styles and arguments are presented consistent with the view of leadership concept influence teamwork collaboration, cooperation, and organizational performance. Moreover, another aim of this study is to correct the false facts by explaining the differences between a leader and a manager and to support the theoretical gaps in these areas with different proven approaches. After reviewing and explaining the concept of leadership approaches and styles in organizational management strategies, the importance of behavioral and personal characteristics of leaders are emphasized. In this context, different variables (such as gender differences and emotional intelligence) are effective in shaping leadership styles. An argument is presented that a casual relationship exists between different variables and the leadership styles; the casual relationship is moderated by firm-varying selections of leadership types. Also, the research paper predicts how leadership will evolve in the future. The concept of leadership is changing with the widespread use of new high technologies and the speed of globalization. Therefore, organizations take this into account while determining their long-term goals. By the time, the impact of these goals on corporate culture is also modifying and transforming.
Arsa karşılığı inşaat işlerinin muhasebeleştirilmesi
Authors: ŞUEKİNCİ Cafer
Published: January 2021

İnşaat sektörü, ülkemizin en dikkat çeken ve yakından takip edilen sektörlerinden biridir. İki ana faaliyet alanına ayrılmaktadır. Birincisi özel inşaat faaliyeti ikincisi de taahhüt şeklinde yapılan inşaat faaliyetidir. Aynı zamanda yapısı itibariyle uzun dönemler süren inşaat faaliyeti içerisinde bir çok özellikli durum barındırmaktadır. Çalışmada özel inşaat faaliyeti içerisinde uygulamada sıklıkla karşılaşılan ve aynı zamanda muhasebeleştirilmesi konusunda tereddütler bulunan arsa karşılığı inşaat faaliyeti açıklanmaya çalışılmıştır.
INFLUENCE OF HOME TO SCHOOL COMMUNICATION ON ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT OF STANDARD EIGHT PUPILS IN PUBLIC PRIMARY SCHOOLS IN KISUMU WEST SUB –COUNTY, KENYA
Authors: Juma Lucy Stella A.
Published: January 2021

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to establish the influence of home to school communication on academic achievement of pupils in public primary schools.

Methodology: The research design used was sequential explanatory research design, which combined both qualitative and quantitative models of research so that evidence may be mixed and knowledge increased in a more meaningful manner. The study population consisted of 1210 standard eight pupils, 300 standard eight teachers, 1210 standard eight parents and 75 Head teachers drawn from 75 public primary schools in Kisumu West Sub-County, Kisumu, Kenya. Stratified random sampling technique was employed for selecting 23 public primary schools and simple random sampling used in each stratum to select the pupils. Purposive sampling technique was done to select standard eight parents, and head teachers. The researcher would collect data using questionnaires and interview schedule, focus group discussions guide and document analysis. Quantitative data was analyzed through descriptive and results presented in the form of tables, frequencies, Percentages, and accumulative percentages and on the other hand qualitative data generated from open ended questions were organized, categorized and presented in narratives.

Findings: The study established that home to school communication affected pupils’ academic achievement.

Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: The recommendations of the study were that there should be regular academic clinics and pupils progress follows up to help enhance achievement amongst the learners. The ecological system theory of development by (Bronfenbrenner 1969) outlined the influence of parent involvement at schools and the other surrounding influences on a child’s development and academic achievement which the ministry could borrow to enhance academic achievement
A Biting Review of Shark Attacks Off Florida's Coast, 1960 - 2016
Authors: Thompson Chris , Dieker Kenneth , Chandler Isabel , Berger Jason , Sommers Paul Martin
Published: January 2021

The authors examine the monthly total and average number of unprovoked shark attacks off Florida’s Atlantic and Gulf coasts between 1960 and 2016, with special emphasis on the last twenty-seven years, divided into three nine-year intervals.  Two-way connected-line plots, bar graphs and a series of two-sample t-tests reveal that monthly averages were highest in April (1999 – 2007) and September (1999 – 2007 and 2008 – 2016).  Topographic maps created for each nine-year period show the lowest densities (shark attacks per square mile) from 1990 to 1998 and the highest densities from 1999 to 2007, off the shore of the east-central part of the state, northeast of Orlando in Volusia County, home to Daytona Beach.
PENGARUH PROSEDUR KERJA DAN FASILITAS KERJA TERHADAP EFEKTIVITAS KERJA PEGAWAI DINAS SOSIAL, PEMBERDAYAAN PEREMPUAN DAN PERLINDUNGAN ANAK KABUPATEN PIDIE JAYA
Authors: Herizal Herizal , Mutia Mutia
Published: January 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh prosedur kerja dan fasilitas kerja terhadap efektivitas kerja pegawai. Responden dalam penelitian ini sejumlah 32 orang pegawai, data diperoleh melalui pengajuan kuesioner, analisis data menggunakan regresi linier berganda. Hasil penelitian diperoleh bahwa, nilai koefisien kolerasi diperoleh sebesar 95% dapat memberikan pengertian ada hubungan antara factor prosedur kerja dan fasilitas kerja dengan efektivitas kerja pegawai. Semakin tingginya nilai koefisien korelasi yang diperoleh maka semakin erat pula hubungan antara variable independen dengan variable dependen.Sedangkan nilai koefisien diterminasi (R2) adalah bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh antara prosedur kerja dan fasilitas kerja dengan efektivitas kerja pegawai. Nilai koefisien diterminasi diperoleh sebesar 90,3% dapat memberikan pengertian ada pengaruh yang signifikan antara factor prosedur kerja dan fasilitas kerja dengan efektifitas kerja pegawai. Dengan demikian dapat dijelaskan bahwa pengaruh prosedur kerja dan fasilitas kerja sebesar 90.3% berpengaruh secara siginifikan (sig 0,000) terhadap efektivitas kerja pegawai, sedangkan selebihnya 9,7% dipengaruhi oleh persamaan lain di luar penelitian ini. Ada pengaruh yang signifikan antara prosedur kerja dan fasilitas kerja dengan efektivitas kerja pegawai, dengan demikian keputusan penelitian ini adalah menerima hipotesis Ha. Dapat diambil keputusan bahwa, Uji-T dan Uji-F diperoleh nilai lebih besar dari T-tabel dan F-tabel, sehingga dalam penelitian ini diterima hipotesis Ha dan menolak hipotesis Ho.Kata Kunci: Prosedur Kerja, Fasilitas Kerjadan Efektivitas Kerja
Paper spray and related ambient ionization mass spectrometry applications in food control
Authors: Tae-Young Kim
Published: January 2021

In the analysis of food, mass spectrometry (MS) is one of the most universal and widely applied techniques. Recently, the outburst of the invention of several ambient ionization (AI) sources has innovated the way to conduct routine MS analysis in various fields, including food analysis. Paper spray ionization (PSI) is a representative example of AI methods that have been successfully coupled with a contemporary mass spectrometer. Our current work aims to summarize typical applications of PSI and the pertinent AI methods in diverse areas of food control, along with a discussion on their advantages and inherent limitations. Lastly, the prospects of these AI techniques for food control are presented.
Speed Control of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor Drive Using an Inverter
Authors: Singh Rahul , Roy Vinit Chandray , Dwivedi C.K.
Published: January 2021

Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor are used in many applications that require rapid torque response and high – performance operation. New developed materials such as magnetic materials, conducting materials and insulating materials as well as several new applications have greatly contributed to the development of small and special purpose machines. Using such materials the size of the motor would considerably reduce and high performance motors can be built. Due to several new applications these motors are quite popular in a developing country such as India. The speed of a permanent magnet synchronous motor is varied by varying the frequency of an inverter. The performance of the motor is experimentally verified and the results are found to be encouraging. It is also observed that, under varying load condition, the speed of a motor remains constant at constant frequency.
COMPARISON OF CONVENTIONAL DRAWING, INVERTED DRAWING AND WARM FORMING PROCESSES FOR DEEP DRAWING OF ALUMINIUM CUPS
Authors: C RAJAGANAPATHY , G THIVAKAR K. , SARAVANAKUMARN SARAVANAKUMARN
Published: January 2021

Cup drawing is one of the important operations in sheet metal forming. Manufacturing of the aluminium base cup involves several stages such as blanking, first drawing, second drawing, taper formation and trimming. This increases the process time. An attempt has therefore, been made to develop a comprehensive, rigorous, yet easily-workable method of analysis for designing a die set to combine the intermediate stages of drawing process. Conventional drawing, inverted drawing and warm forming processes are experimented for yielding successful drawing in single setup. Die sets are separately designed for above said processes. The die sets, thus designed is simulated using DEFORM-F2 to analyze the successful Drawability of the die sets. From the simulations conducted, the die set designed for warm forming process yields greater Limiting Draw Ratio (LDR). Using warm forming process, the LDR of 2.0 was achieved which is much higher when compared with the conventional drawing.
CONTAMINANT CONTROL IN INTENSIVE CARE UNIT (ICU) USING CFD MODELING
Authors: VERMA TIKENDRA NATH , SINHA S.L.
Published: January 2021

Computational fluid dynamic (CFD) analysis is used to simulate and compare the removal of microbes using a number of different ventilation systems in hospitals. The primary objective of ventilation system design in hospital is to place the patient at no risk of infection while hospitalization. Normally hospitals are considered to be clean and free from pathogens which are actually not true. Due to the complex environment of hospital, the effective ventilation for comfort of patients & control of infections must be given highest priority. Intensive care represents the highest level of continuing patient care and treatment. Therefore a turbulent airflow study has been performed in Intensive Care Unit (ICU) of hospital The present investigation stresses preventing airborne infections, protecting the doctor and other patient in ICU, using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) software FLUENT. In which, Navier Stokes and energy equations in threedimensional co-ordinates have been solved by control volume method. The SIMPLE algorithms are used to solve these equations. Steady state, k-ε turbulence model and incompressible flow of a constant property fluid have been considered. The tracking of massless contaminated particle (infection) has also been carried out by simulation. It is observed that remote pocket of the room where air circulation is not proper, is not healthy for the patients as well as doctor. Therefore suitable ventilation arrangement must be provided for healthy environment in the hospital.
Should Vitamin C/Ascorbic Acid infusion be used in the treatment of COVID-19?
Authors: Abat Marc Evans M. , Larracas Cristina , Cabaluna Ian Theodore G.
Published: January 2021

KEY FINDINGS

There is no direct evidence available as of this point for efficacy of intravenous vitamin C as an adjunctive treatment in preventing mortality or shortening disease course among adults suspected of, or positive for COVID-19.

• Vitamin C is currently not mentioned in the treatment guidelines for COVID.

• Currently, there are 3 ongoing trials registered in clinicaltrials.gov studying intravenous vitamin C in COVID-19. No other ongoing or planned trials were registered in the other trial registries.

• Most of the available data are from studies on disease populations which may be considered as COVID-19 suspects:

 Conflicting results on mortality from indirect evidence among patients with sepsis with or without ARDS with significant reduction in mortality found in only a small subset of patients (n-40) with severe sepsis given high dose Vitamin C infusion.

 Strong evidence supporting no mortality benefit from 5 meta-analyses on critically ill patients due to conditions other than or in combination with sepsis who were given Vit C infusion alone or in combinations with other medications. One meta-analysis showed benefit in decreasing duration of ICU stay and mechanical ventilation but sample size is small. Most showed no benefit on and other key endpoints such as acute kidney injury, duration of hospital stay/ ICU stay/ duration of vasopressor use or duration of mechanical ventilation.

• The use of Vit C infusion is not mentioned in the treatment guidelines for COVID-19 or ARDS.

• The risks or adverse events with short term use of Vitamin C infusion in the general population is negligible or minimal. It should be avoided in patients with G6PD insufficiency. The dose should be carefully adjusted for patients with renal insufficiency.
Should Bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG) vaccine be used in the prophylaxis of COVID-19?
Authors: Sanchez-Mostiero Daisy O. , Melicor Abigail F.
Published: January 2021

At present, there is insufficient evidence to support the use of BCG vaccine as prophylaxis for COVID-19.

Bacillus Calmette Guerin (BCG) vaccine is an attenuated microorganism derived from bovine tubercle bacillus and

is being given to prevent severe tuberculosis.

BCG vaccination may enhance production of antibodies and pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin

(IL)-1β and tumor necrosis factor (TNF). BCG may lead to increased CD4 and CD8 T-cell activity on subsequent

viral infection.

Ecological studies on the effect of BCG vaccination policy on COVID-19 outcomes have conflicting results and

are prone to bias from confounders.

There is insufficient evidence on the efficacy and safety of BCG vaccine for COVID-19 prophylaxis.

Thirteen clinical trials are ongoing among high-risk groups (healthcare workers, elderly, police officers) to evaluate

the efficacy and safety of BCG vaccine in preventing COVID-19 and its severe symptoms.

WHO does not recommend the use of BCG vaccine as prophylaxis against COVID-19.

Adverse events of BCG vaccine range from mild local cutaneous reactions to systemic adverse events such as

abscess, lymphadenopathy and osteomyelitis.
Should Chest X-ray Be Used in Diagnosing COVID-19?
Authors: San Jose Maria Cristina Z. , Dones Valentin C.
Published: January 2021

While chest x-ray is readily available and may precede RT-PCR test, chest x-ray has low sensitivity early in the COVID-19 disease and shows non-specific lung abnormalities in COVID-19 patients.

Chest x-ray is part of the initial diagnostic tool used on COVID-19 patients in some hospitals as it yields fast results compared with reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).

Chest Computed Tomography (CT) has been reported to be more sensitive than chest x-ray in determining the presence of COVID-19.

Chest x-ray findings in confirmed COVID-19 patients show:

 Normal lung findings early in the illness and in mildly symptomatic patients

Typical ground-glass opacities and consolidation in the lung periphery

Lung abnormalities are non-specific and may likewise be present in other infections and coronavirus-types of pneumonia

The American College of Radiology (ACR), Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Canadian Association of Radiologists (CAR), Canadian Society of Thoracic Radiology (CSTR), and British Society of Thoracic Imaging do not recommend the use of chest x-ray to diagnose COVID-19. The Fleisher Society, composed of radiologists and pulmonologists in ten countries, does not recommend a chest x-ray for patients suspected of mild COVID-19. A chest x-ray is recommended for patients with moderate to severe COVID-19 needing immediate triage and patients at high risk for disease progression. Despite presence of chest x-ray findings suggesting COVID-19, RT-PCR test remains the standard diagnostic procedure.
Asgari egemenlik azami istihbarat: Soğuk savaşta Federal Almanya Cumhuriyeti dış istihbarat servisi’nin (BND) Ortadoğu’daki faaliyetleri
Authors: BÜLBÜL Ahmet
Published: January 2021

Soğuk Savaş sırasında, bölünmüş Almanya; iki blok gücü arasında önemli bir ön cephe haline gelmiş, İkinci Dünya Savaşı sonrası egemenliğini kısıtlayıcı koşullara rağmen, bu dönemde hem kendi hem de Batılı müttefikleri adına önemli istihbarat faaliyetlerini gerçekleştirmiştir. Almanya’nın istihbaratının faaliyetleri, sadece Berlin Duvarının arkası ile sınırlı kalmamış, dünyada aralarında Ortadoğu’nun da yer aldığı geniş bir coğrafyaya yayılmıştır. Soğuk Savaş döneminde Doğu-Batı çatışmasında önemli bir mücadele alanı haline gelen Ortadoğu bölgesinde artan istihbarat faaliyetlerine Alman Dış İstihbarat Servisi BND de etkin bir şekilde katılmıştır. Bu çalışma, Soğuk Savaş döneminde egemenliği ve dış politikası üzerinde ciddi kısıtlamalar olan Almanya’nın aksine; BND’nin Ortadoğu’da etkin ve önemli bir rol oynadığını savunmaktadır.
Sultan II. Abdülhamid’den Paris Barış Konferansı’na Kürtler
Authors: KARTIN Cengiz
Published: January 2021

Coğrafi Keşifler ve Sanayi İnkılâbı ile birlikte batı; öteki olarak tanımladığı kendi coğrafyası dışındaki insanların neye sahip olduğu bilgisini, bölgeye göndermiş olduğu resmi ya da gayri resmi görevlileri marifetiyle elde etmiştir. Bu bilgi toplama sürecini en iyi yöneten devlet İngiltere olmuştur . Osmanlı Devleti batının yaşamış olduğu yukarda bahse konu süreç içerisinde dünyayı yeterince takip edemeyen ve her geçen gün toprak kaybetmek suretiyle Anadolu’ya doğru geri çekilen bir görüntü arz etmiştir. Söz konusu bu durum içerisinde Sultan II. Abdülhamid devri devletin bu kötü gidişatını frenlemeye dönük bazı hamlelerin ve çalışmaların yapıldığı bir dizi çalışmalarla geçmiştir. Yapılan bütün çalışmalara rağmen devlet kan kaybetmeye devam etmiştir. Sultan II. Abdülhamid’in 1909’da tahttan indirilmesi ve hemen akabinde yaşanan Trablusgarp, Balkan ve I. Dünya Savaşları ise Osmanlı Devleti’nin sonunun gelmesini beraberinde getirmiştir. Yaşanan tüm bu süreç içerisinde Kürtlerin büyük çoğunluğu devlete sadık kalmayı tercih etmişse de azınlıkta kalan küçük bir grup ise İtilaf Devletleri ile iş birliği içerisinde olmuştur. Yapılan bu tercihlerin belirlenmesinde özellikle Sultan II. Abdülhamid döneminde gerçekleştirilen faaliyetlerin çok önemli olduğu bilinmektedir. Çalışma I. Dünya Savaşı sonunda imza edilen Paris Barış görüşmelerini Kürtler özelinde değerlendirmek amacıyla kaleme alınmıştır.
Do peso à libertação: duas visões da violência sexual na literatura contemporânea escrita por mulheres
Authors: Tofanelo Gabriela Fonseca , Zolin Lúcia Osana
Published: January 2021

A lógica binária construída socialmente, além de estereotipar os corpos femininos e masculinos, devendo este ser forte, viril e dominador; e aquele, fraco, submisso e frágil, faz com que, muitas vezes, a violência contra a mulher, abordada de forma simbólica ou física, seja tratada como pertencente à ordem das coisas. A inquietação para esta proposta surgiu após constatação de que o tema da violência contra a mulher, embora persistente a nível epidêmico na sociedade brasileira, não é um tema frequente no âmbito literário contemporâneo. Soma-se a isso o fato de que quando tal tema apareceu na literatura canônica, essencialmente masculina, não raras foram as vezes em que foi tratado de forma estereotipada e naturalizada. Diante disso, nosso objetivo é investigar de que modo o romance contemporâneo de autoria feminina tem articulado visibilidade nas conquistas das mulheres, tendo como foco principal a violência contra a mulher nos romances O peso do pássaro morto (2017), de Aline Bei e  Eu me possuo (2016), de Stella Florence. Para isso, será feita uma análise interpretativa e qualitativa da violência sexual nas obras citadas. Para isso, O aporte teórico para se pensar as violências contra a mulher foca-se, principalmente, nos estudos de Heleieth Saffioti (2015) e Carlos Magno Gomes (2014); sobre silenciamentos de Orlandi (1997) e Solnit (2017), além da violência simbólica de Pierre Bourdieu (2014). Conclui-se que a literatura contemporânea escrita por mulheres tem contribuído para a luta contra a violência conta a mulher.
Review of the Economic Influence of Mastitis in Ruminants
Authors:   Department of Internal and Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Baghdad University, Iraq., M Amanee Radhy , Mosa Saba Thamer ,   Department of Internal and Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Baghdad University, Iraq.
Published: January 2021

Mastitis is usually acommon and prevalent disease that is individual of the furthermostcollective and expensive diseases in the dairy manufacturing. In addition, breast milk directly affects the quality and quality of milk, with the technical properties and high quality present in milk, and indirectly the quality of milk. Management is considered one of the most effective means of controlling mastitis. Given the complex, multifunctional nature of mastitis, management encompasses a wide range of activities, among others, disease (clinical or semi-classic form), treatment of dry cows, prevention of transmission.
International Practices of Countering the Unlawful Interference with the State Digital Information Resources
Authors: Petrov Stanislav
Published: January 2021

The article deals with international practices of counteracting the unlawful interference with the state digital information resources. Conclusions are formulated on applying international practices for the development of cyber defense and cyber security systems in Ukraine, improvement of law enforcement agencies powers in investigating cases of the unlawful interference with the state digital information resources.
Key words: information, resources, state information resources, state digital information resources.
Un libro limeño desconocido
Authors: Lohmann Villena Guillermo
Published: January 2021

Con haber alcanzado por lo menos dos ediciones en breve lapso, el impreso limeño que da pie a la nota, no figura registrado en los clásicos repertorios bibliográficos de René-Moreno y Medina.
Adaptación del esquema 370 (Educación) de la tabla DC y algunos conceptos en materia educativa y de clasificación
Authors: Gazzolo de  Sangster Mercedes
Published: January 2021

Ensayo sobre la adaptación de la subclase 370 (Educación) de la tabla decimal de Dewey a las conveniencias particulares de la Biblioteca Nacional del Perú, a fin de atender necesidades de orden práctico y a fines de carácter didáctico.
Guía musical del Perú
Authors: Raygada Carlos
Published: January 2021

En esta Guía musical el autor trata de presentar nombres, obras e instituciones musicales del Perú, de la manera más amplia posible, de todos los niveles y de todos los sectores. Es el fruto de una actividad que representa más de un cuarto de siglo de sincera dedicación y que ha tenido en la prensa local y principalmente en el diario "El Comercio", su medio difusor más constante. Ofrece, en palabras del autor, los retratos anecdóticos, las fichas humanas que, sin caer en las "biografías noveladas" a la moda, presentan los mejores perfiles: aquellos dignos de perdurar en el recuerdo de quienes aman estas cosas del arte y por ende a sus creadores, mantenedores y difusores.
Guía musical del Perú
Authors: Raygada Carlos
Published: January 2021

Continuación de la Guía musical del Perú de Carlos Raygada publicada en la edición 12 de Fénix.
Los estudios Chavín 1553-1919
Authors: Kauffmann Doig Federico
Published: January 2021

El presente trabajo tiene por objeto proporcionar una relación analítica de cuanto se ha dicho sobre Chavín, desde las primeras referencias consignadas por Cieza de León en 1553 hasta los estudios efectuados en el año 1919. La obra representa un primer producto de los pasos preliminares dados por el autor en su proyecto destinado a consagrar su vida entera a los problemas tocantes a la arqueología Chavín, clave para la comprensión del proceso cultural del antiguo Perú.
Guía musical del Perú (conclusión)
Authors: Raygada Carlos
Published: January 2021

En esta continuación de la  Guía Musical el autor trata de presentar nombres, obras e instituciones musicales del Perú, de la manera más amplia posible, de todos los niveles y de todos los sectores. Es el fruto de una actividad que representa más de un cuarto de siglo de sincera dedicación y que ha tenido en la prensa local y principalmente en el diario "El Comercio", su medio difusor más constante.
Pajaten
Authors: Pimentel G. Victor
Published: January 2021

El territorio del Perú, atesora aún numerosas sorpresas en el campo de la arqueología, sorpresas que algún día permitirán estudiar con mayor profundidadla historia subyugante de las antiguas civilizaciones que surgieron en este prodigioso país. A los ya mundialmente famosos restos arquitectónicos de la costa ysierra del Perú que evidencian con Pachacamac, Chan Chan, Marcahuamachuco, Chavín, Machu Picchu y otros, el adelanto en el arte de construír y otras expresiones artísticas y de vida misma; se suman hoy los importantes hallazgos hechos en la selva alta del departamento de San Martín, Provincia Mariscal Cáceres y que se ha dado en llamar Ruinas de "Pajatén".
Architectural heritage and identity of Russian cities
Authors: Shchenkov Alexei , Antonova Natalia
Published: January 2021

The role of architectural heritage in the formation of identity of Russian cities is poorly studied. The interaction of the tangible and intangible architectural heritage is hardly covered. The article analyses the results of sociological surveys among the local population of a number of Russian historic cities. Regarding the results of these surveys, the authors reveal the specific types of the residents’ perception of the city’s architectural heritage, as well as the connection between its material and virtual components in the image of the city.
Borisoglebsk. Identity of a small town
Authors: Kapustin Petr , Astashov Denis
Published: January 2021

Borisoglebsk is a district center in the Voronezh region, a typical provincial town in the Black Earth region of Russia. Despite its turbulent history, the town managed to save most of its historical and cultural wealth. Today this small town is “frozen” in anticipation of upcoming changes. The changes are coming together with large-scale national projects, building initiatives and the general tendency towards improvements and contemporary design. The authors discuss the measure of adequacy of possible development strategies for the values of the urban fabric woven by a long and slow accumulation of qualities “in situ”.
Warm Cover – Precursory Strong Signals hidden in the Middle
Troposphere for Haze Pollution
Authors: Xu Xiangde , Cai Wenyue , Zhao Tianliang , Qiu Xinfa , Zhu Wenhui , Sun Chan , Yan Peng , Wang Chunzhu , Ge Fei
Published: January 2021

Abstract. Eastern China (EC), located on the downstream region of Tibetan Plateau (TP), is a large area that has become vulnerable to frequent haze. In addition of air pollutant emissions, meteorological conditions were a key inducement for air pollution episodes. Based on the study of the Great Smog of London in 1952 and haze pollution in EC over recent decades, it is found that the abnormal warm cover in the middle troposphere, as a precursory strong signal hidden, could connect to severe air pollution events. The convection and diffusion in the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) were suppressed by a relatively stable structure of warm cover in the middle troposphere, leading to the ABL height decreases, which were favourable for the accumulation of air pollutants in the ambient atmosphere. The warming TP built the warm cover in the middle troposphere from the plateau to the downstream EC region and even the entire East Asian region. The frequent haze events in EC is connected with a significantly strong warm cover in the interdecadal variability. It is also revealed that a close relationship existed between interannual variations of the TP's heat source and the warm cover hidden in the middle troposphere over EC.
Cultivable, halotolerant ice nucleating bacteria and fungi in coastal precipitation
Authors: Beall Charlotte M. , Michaud Jennifer M. , Fish Meredith A. , Dinasquet Julie , Cornwell Gavin C. , Stokes M. Dale , Burkart Michael D. , Hill Thomas C. , DeMott Paul J. , Prather Kimberly A.
Published: January 2021

Abstract. Ice nucleating particles (INPs) are a rare subset of aerosol particles that initiate cloud droplet freezing at temperatures above the homogenous freezing point of water (−38 °C). Considering that the ocean covers 70 % of the earth's surface and represent a large potential source of INPs, it is imperative that the uncertainties in the identities and emissions of ocean INP become better understood. However, the specific underlying drivers of marine INP emissions and their identities remain largely unknown due to limited observations and the challenge involved in isolating exceptionally rare IN forming particles. By generating nascent sea spray aerosol (SSA) over a range of biological conditions, mesocosm studies show that microbes can contribute to marine INPs. Here, we identify 14 (30 %) cultivable halotolerant ice nucleating microbes and fungi among 47 total isolates recovered from precipitation and aerosol samples collected in coastal air in Southern California. IN isolates collected in coastal air were found to nucleate ice from extremely warm to moderate freezing temperatures (−2.3 to −18 °C). Air mass trajectory analyses, and cultivability in marine growth media indicate marine origins of these isolates. Further phylogenetic analysis confirmed that at least two of the 14 IN isolates were of marine origin. Moreover, results from cell washing experiments demonstrate that most IN isolates maintained freezing activity in the absence of nutrients and cell growth media. This study provides confirmation of previous studies' findings that implicated microbes as a potential source of marine INPs and additionally demonstrates links between precipitation, marine aerosol and IN microbes.
New particle formation inside ice clouds: In-situ observations in the tropical
tropopause layer of the 2017 Asian Monsoon Anticyclone
Authors: Weigel Ralf , Mahnke Christoph , Baumgartner Manuel , Krämer Martina , Spichtinger Peter , Spelten Nicole , Afchine Armin , Rolf Christian , Viciani Silvia , D'Amato Francesco , Tost Holger , Borrmann Stephan
Published: January 2021

Abstract. From 27 July to 10 August 2017 the airborne StratoClim mission took place in Kathmandu, Nepal where eight mission flights were conducted with the M-55 Geophysica up to altitudes of 20 km. New Particle Formation (NPF) was identified by the abundant presence of ultrafine aerosols, with particle diameters dp smaller than 15 nm, which were in-situ detected by means of condensation nuclei counting techniques. NPF fields in clear-skies as well as in the presence of cloud ice particles (dp > 3 µm) were encountered at upper troposphere/lowermost stratosphere (UT/LS) levels and within the Asian Monsoon Anticyclone (AMA). NPF-generated ultrafine particles in elevated concentrations (Nuf) were frequently found together with cloud ice (in number concentrations Nice of up to 3 cm−3) at heights between ~ 11 km and 16 km. From a total measurement time of ~ 22.5 hours above 10 km altitude, in-cloud NPF was in sum detected over ~ 1.3 hours (~ 50 % of all NPF records throughout StratoClim). Maximum Nuf of up to ~ 11000 cm−3 were detected coincidently with intermediate ice particle concentrations Nice of 0.05–0.1 cm−3 at comparatively moderate carbon monoxide (CO) contents of ~ 90–100 nmol mol−1. Neither under clear-sky nor during in-cloud NPF do the highest Nuf concentrations correlate with the highest CO mixing ratios, suggesting that an elevated pollutant load is not a prerequisite for NPF. Under clear-air conditions, NPF with elevated Nuf (> 8000 cm−3) occurred slightly less often than within clouds. In the presence of cloud ice, NPF with Nuf between 1500–4000 cm−3 were observed about twice as often as under clear air conditions. When ice water contents exceeded 1000 µmol mol−1 in very cold air ( 5000 mg−1) were rarely observed (~ 6 % of in-cloud NPF data). For specifying the constraining mechanisms for NPF possibly imposed by the microphysical properties of the cloud elements, the integral radius (IR) of the ice cloud population was identified as the most practicable indicator. Neither of both, the number of ice particles or the free distance between the ice particles, is clearly related to the NPF-rate detected. The results of a numerical simulation indicates how the IR affects the supersaturation of a condensable vapour, such as sulphuric acid, and that IR determines the effective limitation of NPF rates due to cloud ice.