bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of Hydration and a Hyaluronic Acid–Containing Lozenge on Voice Parameters in Conjunction With a Vocal Loading Test
Authors: Pilsl Theresa , Köberlein Marie , Kirsch Jonas , Döllinger Michael , Echternach Matthias
Published: January 2025

Purpose:

This study explores the effects of water intake and a hyaluronic acid (HA)–containing lozenge on acoustic measurements and vocal oscillation patterns investigated after a vocal loading test (VLT).

Method:

Ten healthy subjects (five females, five males) read out loud a standardized text for 10 min at a target level of 80 dB(A), measured 30 cm from the mouth, under three conditions but each after fasting for 2 hr: (a) drinking 0.7 l of water, (b) sucking an HA-containing lozenge, and (c) neither of both before the VLT. The dysphonia severity index (DSI) was assessed before and after the reading task. Additionally, high-speed videolaryngoscopy (HSV), electroglottography, and an audio signal during sustained phonation on the vowel /i/ before and after the VLT were analyzed. The glottal area waveform was derived from the HSV footage.

Results:

DSI values decreased for the H
2
O and HA group, but reached statistical significance only for the H
2
O condition, while remaining stable for the control condition. These DSI decreases were driven by increases in minimum sound pressure level intensity (I
min
)—again with statistical significance solely for the water intake intervention. Statistically nonsignificant changes were observed regarding periodicity and perturbation parameters across all conditions. No phase differences or aperiodicities were apparent in the phonovibrograms.

Conclusions:

Hydration and an HA lozenge did not significantly alter vocal fold biomechanics after a VLT. However, the decrease in DSI values with increased I
min
suggests a reduced vocal capacity for the H
2
O condition.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.28271285
Agronomic performance, biomass production, and nutrient value of three napier grass cultivars (Pennisetum purpureum) in highland area
Authors: Sidik Prasojo Yogi , Pastawan Viagian , Prasetyo Bayu , Kamal Mustafa , Khoirul Anwar Muhammad , Adi Prastyo Riski , Iqbal Faruqi Muhammad , Ishigaki Genki
Published: January 2025

The study aims to determine the agronomic performance, biomass production, and nutrient value of three Pennisetum purpureum cultivar (Biovitas, Pakchong, and Mott) in 1000 meters above sea level (asl) highland area of Petungkriyono, Pekalongan, Central Java, Indonesia. The grasses were planted using vegetative stems and maintained for four months, following completely randomized design (CRD) with four replications for each cultivar. Agronomic performance was assessed before harvested. Napier grass was harvested to investigate the biomass production and nutrient values, including organic matter, crude protein, crude protein yield, crude fibre, and crude fat. Pakchong had the highest biomass and crude fiber content. Biovitas exhibited the highest agronomic performance, with superior plant height, leaf length, leaf width, and stem diameter, as well as the highest nutrient values in term of organic metters. Mott showed the highest tiller number and crude protein content among the cultivars. The distinct strength of each cultivar indicates their potential suitability for various agricultural applications in highland regions.
Response growth and yield of local black rice variety mutiara to drought stress
Authors: Purwanto Edi , Taqiy Apta Danendra Faiq , Cahyo Handoyo Gani , Rahayu Muji
Published: January 2025

Plant tolerance under drought stress has mechanisms to adapt to adverse impacts such as synthesizing proline compounds, increasing root length, changing physiological processes, inhibiting growth, and reducing yield of paddy. The purpose of this study was to determine the level of tolerance of local black rice variety mutiara in response to growth and yield to drought stress. The research used was a factorial Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with two factors and 4 block. The first factor was watering interval (every 3 and 6 day). The second factor was soil moisture (100, 80, 60, and 40% Field Capacity/FC). The variables observed were longest roots, total grain weight, grain yield, chlorophyll content, transpiration rate and proline content. The results showed that 6 day watering interval can reduce total grain weight, grain yield, and increase longest roots and proline content compared to the 3-day watering interval. Soil moisture at FC up to 40% can reduce total grain weight, grain yield, chlorophyll content, and transpiration rate from 100% FC.
The impact of employee performance and community participation on solid waste management effectiveness in Bukittinggi City, Indonesia
Authors: Fajriatul Rahmi Annisa , Lanin Dasman , Pranata Mulya Nico
Published: January 2025

This study investigates the impact of employee performance and community participation on solid waste management effectiveness in Bukittinggi City, Indonesia. As medium- sized cities face increasing waste management challenges due to rapid urbanization, un- derstanding contributing factors becomes crucial. Employing a quantitative approach with purposive sampling, this research surveyed 400 respondents across 24 sub-districts in Bukittinggi. Multiple and simple linear regression analyses reveal significant influences of both employee performance and community participation on waste management effec- tiveness. Employee performance, particularly in loyalty, work achievement, and respon- sibility, correlates positively with improved waste collection and city cleanliness. Com- munity participation, especially through idea contribution, physical involvement, and en- vironmental awareness, significantly enhances recycling rates and waste reduction. The study identifies gaps in community involvement in decision-making and program eval- uation processes. These findings emphasize the necessity of an integrated approach to urban waste management, highlighting the importance of enhanced employee training and more inclusive community engagement strategies. This research contributes to the understanding of sustainable urban waste management practices in developing countries’ medium-sized cities, offering practical insights for policymakers and urban planners in optimizing waste management systems.
Short-term wind forecasting via surface pressure measurements: Stochastic modeling and sensor placement
Authors: Abootorabi Seyedalireza , Leonardi Stefano , Rotea Mario , Zare Armin
Published: January 2025

We propose a short-term wind forecasting framework for predicting real-time variations in atmospheric turbulence based on nacelle-mounted anemometer and ground-level air-pressure measurements. Our approach combines linear stochastic estimation and Kalman filtering algorithms to assimilate and process real-time field measurements with the predictions of a stochastic reduced-order model that is confined to a two-dimensional plane at the hub height of turbines. We bridge the vertical gap between the computational plane of the model at hub height and the measurement plane on the ground using a projection technique that allows us to infer the pressure in one plane from the other. Depending on the quality of this inference, we show that customized variants of the extended and ensemble Kalman filters can be tuned to balance estimation quality and computational speed 1–1.5 diameters ahead and behind leading turbines. In particular, we show how synchronizing the sign of estimates with that of velocity fluctuations recorded at the nacelle can significantly improve the ability to follow temporal variations upwind of the leading turbine. We also propose a convex optimization-based framework for selecting a subset of pressure sensors that achieve a desired level of accuracy relative to the optimal Kalman filter that uses all sensing capabilities.
Low-threshold dual-polarization electro-optic nonlinear activation functions
Authors: Jin Tao , Lin Jian , Wang Pengjun , Fu Qiang , Sun Yuhan , Zou Yi , Dai Shixun , Chen Weiwei , Li Jun , Dai Tingge , Yang Jianyi
Published: January 2025

In this paper, a scheme for realizing low-threshold dual-polarization electro-optic nonlinear activation functions is proposed, designed, and experimentally demonstrated. This scheme relies on a structure composed of an optical power splitter and a thermo-optic modulator based on Mach–Zehnder interferometer, which are optimized by using direct binary search and particle swarm optimization algorithms. When a fixed proportion of the input optical signal is transformed into the electrical signal and the remaining input optical signal is modulated by using the thermo-optic effect, the rectified linear unit activation function with a low-threshold power of 0.2 mW for transverse-electric polarization and the Gaussian activation function with a low-threshold power of 0.1 mW for transverse-magnetic polarization can be measured separately. If the above-mentioned two nonlinear activation functions are introduced into the convolutional neural network to perform the modified National Institute of Standards and Technology handwritten digit classification task, validation accuracies of 97.3% and 96.85% will be achieved.
Sizing of energy storage systems from first principles
Authors: Probst Oliver
Published: January 2025

As variable renewable energy (VRE) plants such as wind and solar power start to play a major role in many electric power systems around the world, strategies for dealing with the additional variability introduced into the grid by such plants are becoming more important. Energy storage systems (EES), generally based on batteries, are now often required by grid operators in order to smooth out short-term fluctuations from wind and solar generation. However, sizing procedures are often based on heuristic considerations, rather than being grounded in a rigorous mathematical framework. In the current work, analytical formulae for the required minimal capacity of energy storage systems for smoothing applications, based on methods from probability theory, have been derived and validated against simulations. The methodology combines rigorous derivations of the required storage capacity for ramp mitigation with a curve-fitting approach based on Monte Carlo simulations for the estimation of the additional capacity required for state-of-charge control. All results have been obtained for generalized Laplace distributions, which are known to be a good fit to output power variations of VRE plants. The results are believed to contribute to a more profound understanding of the processes determining the required EES capacity for VRE power smoothing.
On the reversibility of amyloid fibril formation
Authors: Pálmadóttir Tinna , Getachew Josef , Ortigosa-Pascual Lei , Axell Emil , Wei Jiapeng , Olsson Ulf , Knowles Tuomas P. J. , Linse Sara
Published: January 2025

Amyloids are elongated supramolecular protein self-assemblies. Their formation is a non-covalent assembly process and as such is fully reversible. Amyloid formation is associated with several neurodegenerative diseases, and the reversibility is key to maintaining the healthy state. Reversibility is also key to the performance of fibril-based biomaterials and functional amyloids. The reversibility can be observed by a range of spectroscopic, calorimetric, or surface-based techniques using as a starting state either a supersaturated monomer solution or diluted fibrils. Amyloid formation has the characteristics of a phase transition, and we provide some basic formalism for the reversibility and the derivation of the solubility/critical concentration. We also discuss conditions under which the dissociation of amyloids may be so slow that the process can be viewed as practically irreversible, for example, because it is slow relative to the experimental time frame or because the system at hand contains a source for constant monomer addition.
The impact of ion mixing and viscosity on the evolution of Richtmyer–Meshkov instability
Authors: Huang Han-xiao , Cai Hong-bo , Chen Ming-Jun , Zhang Xu , Luo Hui , Zhu Shao-ping , He Xian-tu
Published: January 2025

Hybrid fluid-PIC (particle-in-cell) simulations aimed at a better understanding of the effect of ion diffusion and viscosity on the evolution of Richtmyer–Meshkov instability (RMI) under high temperature and high density conditions are described. The use of the hybrid fluid-PIC method, which treats ions as the traditional particle-in-cell method and electrons as a massless fluid, is motivated by the difficulty of handling material mixing in the context of commonly used fluid simulations. The superdiffusive behavior observed at the plasma interface is primarily attributed to the kinetic effect, which exerts a considerable influence on the evolution of the RMI. Applying time-varying viscosity and diffusion corrections to the analytical model of Carlès and Popinet results in a high degree of alignment between the simulation outcomes and the theoretical predictions. These discussions contribute to a more detailed understanding of the physics of ion mixing and its effect on the evolution of RMI in the inertial confinement fusion implosion.
Life cycle cost analysis of power-to-fuel from renewable energy
Authors: Zhang Gaoqun , Li Jiahua , Huang Yanyan , Deng Zhanfeng , Zhang Kang , Lv Hongkun , Zhang Liang
Published: January 2025

A life-cycle cost model for power-to-fuel technologies, including production, storage, transportation, and refueling processes, was developed to evaluate four types of power-to-fuel options: proton exchange membrane electrolysis hydrogen, single-step methanol synthesis, two-step methanol synthesis, and ammonia synthesis. The study compares cost sensitivity factors (scale, reaction efficiency, and electricity price) based on unit calorific value costs. Results indicate that electricity price significantly affects overall costs, with two-step methanol synthesis being the most cost-effective. Single-step methanol synthesis has the highest life-cycle cost due to efficiency and electricity price limitations, but it becomes the cheapest when efficiency reaches 80% and electricity price drops to 0.05 CNY/kWh. The impact of transport distance on storage and transport costs for methanol and ammonia showed they are significantly lower than hydrogen, suggesting methanol and ammonia can serve as effective hydrogen carriers, reducing costs and improving safety.
Influence of the magnetic filter field with return wires in the radio frequency negative ion source for fusion
Authors: Xie Junwei , Xie Yahong , Peng Xufeng , Yang Yuwen , Wei Jianglong , Liang Lizhen , Gu Yuming , Hu Chundong , Xie Yuanlai
Published: January 2025

A magnetic filter field can be used to reduce negative ion collisional loss in the negative ion source for fusion. However, the plasma can be drifted by the magnetic field that is produced by current flowing through the plasma grid (PG), and the non-uniformity plasma may influence the safety of ion source operation with a long pulse. PG with return wires is applied to optimize the plasma uniformity practically, but the implications on the negative ion source have not been thoroughly studied. The effect of a magnetic filter field with and without return wires is carried out in a radio frequency (RF) negative ion source by comparison of magnetic field distribution, plasma parameters, and beam uniformity. Simulation results indicate that the curvature of the magnetic field in the extraction region is reduced by 40%, which means the drift can be reduced to improve plasma uniformity with return wires. Also, the uniformity of electron density is increased to 95.9% while the electron temperature still maintains at around 1.5 eV according to the experimental results. The beam uniformity collected by a copper calorimeter with an infrared camera shows that the variance of temperature is decreased by 36.8%. The application of a magnetic filter field with return wires can improve the uniformity of plasma. The research gives a better understanding of the influence of the magnetic filter field on plasma and provides ideas for future upgrades and design of the RF negative ions sources.
Modulation of magnetic anisotropy and spin–orbit interaction by electrical current in FeCoB nanomagnets
Authors: Zayets Vadym
Published: January 2025

We present a novel method for measuring the modulation of magnetic anisotropy and the strength of spin–orbit interaction by an electrical current in nanomagnets. Our systematic study explores the current dependencies of these properties across a variety of nanomagnets with different structures, compositions, and sizes, providing unprecedented insights into the complex physical origins of this effect. We identified two distinct contributions to the observed current modulation: one proportional to the current and the other to the square of the current. The squared-current contribution, originating from the spin Hall effect, uniquely accumulates the strength with an increasing number of interfaces, resulting in exceptionally large current modulation of magnetic anisotropy and spin–orbit interaction in multilayer nanomagnets. Conversely, the linear-current contribution stems from the ordinary and anomalous Hall effects and exhibits opposite polarity at different interfaces, making it significant only in asymmetrical single-layer nanomagnets. The squared-current contribution induces substantial anisotropy field changes, up to 30%–50% at typical magnetic random access memory (MRAM) recording currents, leading to thermally activated magnetization reversal and data recording. The linear-current contribution, while smaller, is effective for parametric magnetization reversal, providing sufficient modulation for efficient data recording through resonance mechanisms. This finding highlights the complex nature of spin accumulation and spin dynamics at the nanoscale, presenting an opportunity for further optimization of data recording in MRAM technology.
Droplet impact on small droplet above hydrophobic microstructure surface
Authors: Zou Dejian
Published: January 2025

The behavior of an interface is influenced not only by the material and surface pattern but also by the contact conditions. Increasing the Weber number (We) increases the likelihood of droplet splashing, which generates smaller droplets that alter contact conditions. This, in turn, affects the coalescence and morphological evolution of larger impacting droplets. However, the influence of these small droplets on coalescence dynamics under varying Weber numbers and contact sequences remains unclear. To determine the coalescence threshold and deformation characteristics under soft and wettable hard surface conditions, we conducted high-speed imaging experiments of a large droplet colliding with a small droplet resting above a hydrophobic surface. The results indicate that the threshold for droplet coalescence occurs at an eccentricity distance of 1.2 mm, with the effect of the Weber number (1 ≤ We ≤ 9) being limited. Upon contact, the small droplet influences the maximum spreading ratio and contact time by increasing the volume of the impacting droplet, altering its impact direction, hindering spreading, and changing its own morphology. When the impacting droplet contacts the substrate before the small droplet, there is a linear relation between contact time and eccentricity distance. From this, we propose a relationship considering the effects of eccentricity distance and Weber number on contact time. Beyond these effects, the small droplet also influences the transition between symmetric and asymmetric structures of the rebounding droplet, thereby regulating the rebound height.
Study of the sealing characteristics of a pressure vessel–dry chamber for subsea pipeline maintenance
Authors: Guo Jin , Ma Dongqing , Hu Duoduo , Li Honghe , Wang Jintao , Gao Xu , Lin Yuan
Published: January 2025

By employing an underwater dry chamber, land-based methods can be used for inspecting and repairing underwater subsea pipelines during maintenance. Forming a reliable seal between the dry chamber and the pipeline and identifying the leakage characteristics in the case of seal failure are prerequisites to ensure safe underwater operation. This paper method in which the finite element software ABAQUS and Star-CCM+ are used to study the leakage characteristics. The accuracy of the simulation results was first verified via experiments. The simulation results show that the gap size and chamber pressure affect the leakage rate. The leakage rate increases with increasing gap but decreases with increasing chamber pressure. Therefore, filling the chamber with high-pressure gas can reduce the leakage rate. When the gap is small, the high flow velocity in the gap causes the surface pressure of the sealing strip to decrease and further causes the seal to expand to some extent. Accordingly, the leakage rate in the gap decreases. Furthermore, the relationship between the leakage rate and its influencing factors has been used to calculate the leakage rate from a damaged seal and guide the assessment of whether the seal needs to be replaced.
Social affiliation among sub-adult male koalas in a high-density population
Authors: Watchorn Darcy J.
Published: January 2025

Koalas are generally considered to be a solitary species. However, during observations of free-ranging koalas in a high-density population, sub-adult males (3.5–5.5 years) were seen engaging in affiliative behaviours, including grooming, genital sniffing, and vocalising. These interactions were exclusive to males of this age group and are likely a result of the unusually high population density. In such populations, where home range overlap is common, these behaviours may help reduce stress, establish dominance hierarchies, and reduce conflict through familiarisation.
Tasmania’s giant eucalypts: discovery, documentation, macroecology and conservation status of the world’s largest angiosperms
Authors: Mifsud Brett , Prior Lynda D. , Williamson Grant J. , Corigliano Jan , Hansen Carl , Van Pelt Robert , Pearce Steven , Greenwood Thomas , Bowman David M. J. S.
Published: January 2025

Context Tasmania is the epicentre of the tallest and most massive angiosperms on Earth. Aims To survey Tasmania’s tallest and most massive (large trunk volume) trees. Methods LiDAR and satellite imagery identified areas with very tall trees. Field surveys recorded the geolocation, height, diameter and condition of exceptionally large individuals, and effects of recent fires. Key results Giant trees occur in a band between dry forests and temperate rainforests, with the largest trees in areas with 1000–1500 mm rainfall and 8–12°C mean annual temperature. We documented 18 trees taller than 90 m, and 32 trees with trunk volume of >250 m3. Trunk volume was better correlated with diameter at 10-m height than at breast height, owing to irregularities near the base of large trees. The tallest tree was measured to be 99.6 m tall (now 96 m tall), and the most massive tree had a trunk volume of 460 m3. Most of the largest and tallest trees in Tasmania were Eucalyptus regnans, but occasional individuals of Eucalyptus globulus, E. obliqua and E. tasmaniensis were also over 85 m tall or had a trunk volume of >280 m3. Post-fire surveys highlighted vulnerability of giant Eucalyptus trees to fire, with 60% of the largest known trees killed by fire since 2004. Conclusions The giant trees of Tasmania are of global significance, but vulnerable to a warming, drying climate and associated increase in fire activity. Implications We outline steps for the conservation of giant trees, a task made urgent by climate change.
Dam-induced impacts on the water temperature of the Charef River (north-eastern Algeria)
Authors: Ziouch Omar Ramzi , Dali Naouel , Zebsa Rabah , Daifallah Tarek , Laskri Hadjer , Ziani Chaima , Nouar Rabab , Bensakhri Zinette
Published: January 2025

Context Dams construction appears to have multi-dimensional effects on the river environment, and it especially affects the thermal condition of rivers. Aims The objective of this work was to assess downstream thermal responses to the Charef Dam in relation to the water flow and the water residence time. Methods During the year 2012, the hydrological parameters upstream and downstream of the dam were monitored. Key results Salinity, electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids (TDS) and water flow all responded similarly, with larger magnitudes in waters upstream of the dam than downstream, whatever the season. In terms of flux, the Charef Dam retains 59 and 56% of the incoming water and TDS fluxes respectively. Furthermore, the upstream water temperature is higher than that of the downstream in 83% of samples. During the dry season, the thermal response of the waters downstream of the Charef Dam can exceed 2°C (downstream cooling). Conclusions Despite being a small dam, the water residence time (2.3 years) in the Charef Dam has a significant effect on the downstream water temperature. Implications These temperature changes may cause significant physicochemical and biological issues. Restoration practices such as increasing discharges during dry seasons and riparian cover restoration could mitigate thermal impacts and minimise negative effects.
The chloroplast RNA–binding protein CP29A supports
rbcL
expression during cold acclimation
Authors: Lenzen Benjamin , Rösch Florian , Legen Julia , Ruwe Hannes , Kachariya Nitin , Sattler Michael , Small Ian , Schmitz-Linneweber Christian
Published: January 2025

The chloroplast genome encodes key components of the photosynthetic light reaction machinery as well as the large subunit of the enzyme central for carbon fixation, Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphat-carboxylase/-oxygenase (RuBisCo). Its expression is predominantly regulated posttranscriptionally, with nuclear-encoded RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) playing a key role. Mutants of chloroplast gene expression factors often exhibit impaired chloroplast biogenesis, especially in cold conditions. Low temperatures pose a challenge for plants as this leads to electron imbalances and oxidative damage. A well-known response of plants to this problem is to increase the production of RuBisCo and other Calvin Cycle enzymes in the cold, but how this is achieved is unclear. The chloroplast RBP CP29A has been shown to be essential for cold resistance in growing leaf tissue of
Arabidopsis thaliana
. Here, we examined CP29A–RNA interaction sites at nucleotide resolution. We found that CP29A preferentially binds to the 5′-untranslated region of
rbcL
, downstream of the binding site of the pentatricopeptide repeat protein MATURATION OF RBCL 1 (MRL1). MRL1 is an RBP known to be necessary for the accumulation of
rbcL
. In
Arabidopsis
mutants lacking CP29A, we were unable to observe significant effects on
rbcL
, possibly due to CP29A’s restricted role in a limited number of cells at the base of leaves. In contrast, CRISPR/Cas9-induced mutants of tobacco NtCP29A exhibit cold-dependent photosynthetic deficiencies throughout the entire leaf blade. This is associated with a parallel reduction in
rbcL
mRNA and RbcL protein accumulation. Our work indicates that a chloroplast RNA–binding protein contributes to cold acclimation of RbcL production.
Raman spectroscopy investigation of strain evolution in relaxed and pseudomorphic layers of Si0.4Ge0.6 films grown on (001) Si substrates
Authors: Lu Kechao , Lu Yuli , Xia Shunji , Su Zhicheng , Ning Jiqiang , Lu Hong , Zheng Changcheng
Published: January 2025

In this study, the laminated strain of relaxed and the pseudomorphic layer in the Si0.4Ge0.6 films grown on (001) Si substrates are studied by Raman spectroscopy. With the SiGe films ranging from 20 nm to 1200 nm in thickness, biaxial strains are revealed through room-temperature Raman peak analysis. Notably, a highly strained layer named the pseudomorphic layer is observed in the 30 nm sample. The peak broadening induced by the scattering of phonons at the thickness of 30 nm suggests dense dislocations at the substrate-pseudomorphic layer interface. The study also finds that the relaxed layer has a much more dramatic relaxation compared to that of the pseudomorphic layer, while the pseudomorphic layer maintains a high degree of strain. These findings contribute to the understanding of the SiGe alloy growth, enhancing the fabrication of intricate SiGe-based devices with improved strain control and relaxation dynamics.
Piezoelectric properties and electromechanical coupling factors of a novel 1–1–3 composite with two lead-free ferroelectric components
Authors: Topolov Vitaly Yu
Published: January 2025

A lead-free 1–1–3 composite is put forward for the first time wherein two ferroelectric components (single crystal and ceramic parallel rods) are distributed regularly in a polymer medium. Effective piezoelectric coefficients

d

3
j

∗

,

g

3
j

∗

,

e

3
j

∗

, and

h

3
j

∗

, and electromechanical coupling factors

k

3
j

∗

(j = 1 and 3),

k
t
∗

, and

k
p
∗

are studied on changing volume fractions of the lead-free ferroelectric components in the 1–1–3 composite based on [0 0 1]-poled domain-engineered single crystal. Links between the piezoelectric coefficients and electromechanical coupling factors of the composite are studied in a wide range of volume fractions m of single crystal at volume fractions of ceramic mc
= 0.03–0.10. New m−mc
diagrams show regions of large electromechanical coupling factors

k

33

∗

≈ 0.7–0.9 (longitudinal mode) and

k
t
∗

≈ 0.7–0.9 (thickness mode), as well as regions where conditions for a large anisotropy |

k

33

∗

/

k

31

∗

| ⩾ 5 and |

k
t
∗

/

k
p
∗

| ⩾ 5 hold. The parameters of the novel 1–1–3 composite are compared to those of the related 1–3-type composites subjected to different averaging procedures and a modification of the ceramic/polymer matrix. The large

g

33

∗

,

h

33

∗

,

k

33

∗

,

k
t
∗

, |

k

33

∗

/

k

31

∗

|, and |

k
t
∗

/

k
p
∗

| values of the studied lead-free 1–1–3 composite contribute to its effective use for piezoelectric sensors and transducers operating at longitudinal (or thickness) oscillation modes.
Delayed induced bifurcations and chaos in a class struggle model
Authors: Gleria Iram , Vinicius de Paula Edson , Messias Demitry , Figueiredo Annibal , Rocha Filho Tarcísio M
Published: January 2025

In this paper we consider a class of struggle models describing the dynamics of labor income and employed population, generalizing the Goodwin model of qualitative studies of economic growth by considering time delays. The resulting model displays a more complex behavior than the original Goodwin model, with periodic and non-periodic oscillating solutions and chaotic behavior evidenced by a positive largest Lyapunov exponent. Chaos occurs above a critical value of the delay, with an intricate dependency on its value, with alternation between non-chaotic and chaotic regimes. This complex dynamics is closer to what is observed in real-world data than the smooth oscillations of the original Goodwin model, as expected since real economic systems do not respond instantaneously to a change in a relevant variable.
Urban farming analysis to enhances sustainable development through the utilization of existing land in urban areas
Authors: Istiqomah N , Asnan Qodri L , Priambodo M P , Yunikawati N A
Published: January 2025

Urban areas are one of the centers of growth in a region. There are government centers, offices, and dense settlements. This study uses an exploratory qualitative method. Qualitative data is used to find out and find information in actual conditions in real life. The qualitative stage is carried out by in-depth interviews with the snowball sampling method. The study was located at the Gelintung Go Green Urban Farming Village, Purwantoro Blimbing Village, Malang City. The results of this study are that the application of urban farming in the Purwantoro area creates various benefits that are seen from economic, social, and ecological aspects. The implementation of Gelintung Go Green Urban Farming is realized through the development of the younger generation, the development of the community’s socio-economic, the Green Business Movement, and the Water Saving Movement. This study concludes that from an economic perspective, Social, and Ecology. The society of Kampung Gelintung Go Green feels that their economy has improved, especially with the implementation of greening until it is realized as Kampung Wisata Gelintung Go Green, the most basic social aspect of its benefits is the increase in interaction between residents in various places.
Effect of starch and chitosan on the physical and mechanical properties of durian mesocarp cellulose biodegradable foam
Authors: Suryaningsih W , Budiati T , Utami M P D , Dewi A C , Arddiarisca O
Published: January 2025

Durian mesocarp cellulose biodegradable foam is an environmentally friendly alternative food packaging material to replace styrofoam. The research aims to determine the effect of starch and chitosan types on the physical and mechanical properties of biodegradable foam. The research method was a completely randomized factorial design with variations in the types of starch (corn, arrowroot) and chitosan (0%, 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, and 6%), using analysis of variance and the Duncan Multiple Range mean test. The results show corn starch type has a compressive strength value of durian mesocarp cellulose foam biodegradable products 0.076 N/mm2, lower than arrowroot starch 0.96 M/mm2. The chitosan concentration of 6% produced the best physical and mechanical properties having a water absorption value of 13.55%, thickness of 4.47 mm, density of 0.76 Gram/mm3, compressive strength of 0.79 N/mm2, but had a low biodegradation rate of 9.86%. The combination of arrowroot starch with 4% chitosan produced the best physical, chemical, and mechanical properties of biodegradable foam, having a water absorption value of 12.90%, a thickness of 4.67 mm, a density of 0.66 grams/cm3, a compressive strength of 0.91 N/mm2, and a biodegradability level of 12.90% with an estimated complete degradation time of 76.58 days.
Effect of microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) method on the characteristics of protein extract from edamame (Glycine max (L.) Merrill)
Authors: Putri R P , Choirun A , Indis N A , Rusdiarti  , Rakhmadevi A G
Published: January 2025

Edamame, a type of soybean, is a promising source of plant-based protein. Protein extraction from edamame was conducted using the microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) method, which utilizes thermal damage to the tissue to facilitate protein extraction with a solvent. Food-grade distilled water was chosen as the solvent, as the protein extract is intended to enhance the nutritional value of meatballs and sausages. The study employed a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with variations in extraction time (0, 20, 40, and 60 minutes) and pH levels (7, 9, and 11), with each condition tested three times. In the conducted study, it was found that microwave-assisted extraction methods significantly enhanced the quality of protein content from edamame. The thermal effects of microwaves effectively disrupted tissue, facilitating the breakdown of cells and the extraction of valuable components. Our findings showed that protein yield improved with increasing extraction pH, making alkaline conditions—particularly at pH 9—beneficial for maximizing protein extraction. The optimum protein yield of 77.76 ± 0.20% was achieved at pH 9 with a 60-minute extraction time. However, higher alkaline pH levels were associated with decreased protein purity. Consequently, the highest protein content, at 94.12 ± 0.21%, was achieved at pH 7 with a 60-minute extraction time.
Test of the superiority of several soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merril) pure lines
Authors: Sjamsijah N , Kurniasari L , Rahayu S , Firgiyanto R , Saputra DA , Sabiku DF
Published: January 2025

Soybeans are a strategic food commodity with increasing demand but production is still low. The aim of this research is to see the superiority of production stability of each Harapan Jember lines. The object of research used genotype of pure lines soybean produced by the main researcher, which is a candidate for a new superior variety with a potential yield. The study used a Non-Factorial Randomized Block Design which only used one factor, namely the soybean pure lines (GHJ1, GHJ2, GHJ3, GHJ4, GHJ5), Malabar and Anjasmoro Variety. Based on the analysis of all tested parameters (number of pods per plant, seed yield per plant, seed yield per plot, seed yield per hectare, and 100 seeds weight), GHJ4 is a stable and superior line. Although not always the highest in every category, the combination of good results in all aspects makes it a balanced and consistent variety. In addition, its 100 seeds weight is still in the good category, although not the highest. GHJ4 also shows consistency in results across various parameters, including yield per plot and per hectare. These results indicate decent seed quality and good yield potential.
Development of Traditional Indonesian Layer Cake From Pureed Yellow Pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata Durch) And Carrot (Daucus carrota L) as a Highly Nutritious as an Additional Food For Toddlers
Authors: Devi Mazarina , Chintya Paramita P , Nurjanah Nunung , Oktaviantry Dinar Ajeng , Din Norrina
Published: January 2025

Yellow pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata Durch) and carrots (Daucus carota L) are readily available and economical in Indonesia, possessing a high nutritional value, particularly in beta-carotene. Sufficient beta-carotene intake is vital for preventing developmental disorders in toddlers. This study employed a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) to assess the chemical properties of layer cake made with pumpkin and carrot puree, subject to three different treatments involving adding 20%, 30%, and 40% puree, each being replicated twice. Data analysis was performed using ANOVA, followed by a further DMRT test. The results indicated that incorporating 40% puree into 100 grams of layer cake yielded the highest nutritional content: protein at 8.89%, fat at 18.31%, water at 48.18%, ash at 1.15%, beta-carotene at 54.41 g, and calcium levels. Conversely, the carbohydrate content decreased by adding 40% puree, resulting in a carbohydrate level of 26.26%. The highest carbohydrate content was observed in the layer cake with 20% puree added. These findings demonstrate that including pumpkin and carrot puree alters the chemical properties of layer cake, rendering it a beneficial complementary food for toddlers due to its enhanced nutritional profile, which may contribute positively to their overall health, growth, and nutritional status.
Evaluation of Nutritional Composition of Synbiotic Yoghurt from Purple Sweet Potatoes and Fresh Milk
Authors: Fitriyah D , Jannah M , Ayu D P , Warsito H , Werdiharini A E
Published: January 2025

Purple sweet potatoes contain anthocyanin and oligosaccharides. Anthocyanin has a role as an antioxidant, meanwhile oligosaccharides as a prebiotics. Processing sweet potatoes into synbiotic yoghurt is an alternative functional food to repair intestinal microflora and gastrointestinal function. The objective of this research was to assess the nutritional composition of purple sweet potatoes and fresh milk synbiotic yoghurt. Fresh milk was obtained from the Integrated Agricultural Development Unit of Politeknik Negeri Jember. This study is experimental research with 4 treatments. The proportions of fresh milk and purple sweet potato filtrate at each treatment level were P1(1:4), P2(2:3), P3(3:2), P4(4:1). The synbiotic yoghurt was measured for protein, fat, water, ash content, carbohydrate, energy from fat and total energy. The highest protein, fat, carbohydrate, energy from fat and total energy in synbiotic yoghurt was the P4 treatment, respectively (2.6%, 2.2%, 12.9%, 19.98 kkal/100g, and 80.9 kkal/ 100g. The fat content of all treatments was below 2,9%, so it is low-fat yoghurt. The ash content in all treatments ranges from 0.5-0.67 which is appropriate with SNI 2981:2009 standards.
Effect of humidity and temperature on the growth of staple stems of robusta coffee plants resulting from rejuvenation of bp 234 and bp 409 clones in the politeknik negeri jember collection garden
Authors: Hartatie D , Handayani H T , Setyoko U , Hudori H A
Published: January 2025

The growth of tree stems in coffee plants is influenced by one of the microclimates, namely air humidity and air temperature. The purpose of this study is to determine the influence of air humidity and temperature around BP 234 and BP 409 robusta coffee plants on the growth of rejuvenated stems. The research method uses a descriptive analysis. Observation parameters include the number of leaf pairs, branch diameter, and plant height. Air humidity and temperature checks are carried out every 2 days (morning-noon-evening) at 5 points. Based on the results of research conducted for 2 months (June-July), the air humidity ranged from 50%-85% in June and 42%-83% in July. Meanwhile, the air temperature in June and July ranges from 27°C-34°C. The observation parameters of the number of leaf pairs, stem diameter, and plant height in June were 86-370 pairs of leaves; 7,73-15,75 mm; 83,33-130,00 cm for BP 234 clone and for BP 409 clone is 117-384 pairs of leaves; 8,90-18,80 mm; 63,75-151,00 cm. Meanwhile, in July, 90-484 pairs of leaves were obtained; 8,28-31,85 mm; 94,33-150,33 cm for BP 234, and BP 409 is 140-420 pairs of leaves; 10,80-22,73 mm; and 93,00-172,50 cm.
Pellet formulation of peppermint essential oil Mentha piperita L as repellent againts Araecerus fasciculatus (De Geer) (Coleoptera: Anthribidae)
Authors: Zulfadly  , Sjam Sylvia , Melina
Published: January 2025

Araecerus fasciculatus is a pest that can cause damage to various commodities in storage. This pest can significantly impact crop quality and quantity when infestations are high. Mentha piperita L is a plant that contains various bioactive compounds known for their repellent and toxic properties, making it a potential environmentally friendly solution for controlling pests in warehouses. The research aimed to testing the repellent influence of M. piperita essential oil on A. fasciculatus using a pellet media. The research was conducted in the laboratory using a completely randomized design with pellet media and four treatment concentrations: 1%, 3%, 5%, and 7%, as well as a control, each with four replications. The total number of insects in each treatment consisted of 32 adults. An olfactometer was used for the test, and the repellent effect was observed daily for seven days after the essential oil application. The results demonstrated that M. piperita essential oil, when packaged in pellet media, repelled A. fasciculatus. The highest repellent effect, reaching 86.43%, was observed at a 7% concentration, while the lowest repellent effect, at 1% concentration, was 32.5%.
Effect of Humic Acid and Blotong Aplication on Vegetative Growth of Chili (Capsicum annum L.) Plant
Authors: Sulistyono N. B. E. , Rohman H. F. , Sukri M. Z. , Bintoro M. , Rohman F
Published: January 2025

Chili has high economic value. The increasing demand for chilies in Indonesia leads to an intensification of land use for cultivation, which can lead to a decrease in soil fertility and quality. Adding organic materials such as humic acid and blotong is expected to help improve fertility and land quality. Humic acid showcases a multifaceted molecular arrangement and demonstrates the potential to support biological and physiological mechanisms in organisms inhabiting the soil. Blotong, with its high levels of P2O5, CaO, and K2O, can potentially enhance the nutrients P, K, and Ca. This research was carried out at Teaching Factory Rumah Organik Politeknik Negeri Jember from June to November 2024. This research utilized a non-factorial Randomized Complete Block Design approach, combining humic acid doses of 40g, 60g, and 80g per plant with blotong of 100g, 125g, and 150g per plant. Additionally, a control group received no treatment, resulting in 10 treatments. Each treatment was replicated six times, resulting in 60 experimental units. Parameters observed included plant height and stem diameter. We processed the resulting data using the SAS 9.4 application. The analysis of variance revealed a statistically significant result in the F test at the alpha level of 5%, leading to a more detailed exploration using Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT). The research results indicated that the application of humic acid and blotong resulted in an increase in the height of chili plants during the early vegetative phase, as well as in the stem diameter parameters of the Humic Acid 80 g/plant + Blotong 100 g/plant treatment, which yielded the best results.
Semen quality of Indonesian native rooster with single and multi-strain probiotic dietary supplements
Authors: Ningsih Niati , Yulinarsari Alditya Putri , Dewi Aryanti Candra , Muhamad Nur , Syaikhullah Gayuh
Published: January 2025

The aims was to decide the semen quality of Indonesian native roosters with single and multi-strain probiotic dietary supplements from the Lactobacillaceae and Bacillaceae families. Twenty Indonesian native roosters were randomly distributed to four experimental treatments with similar energy and protein levels. The treatments are T0: basal diet (control), T1: basal diet with supplementation 1% single probiotic Bacillus subtilis, T2: basal diet with supplementation 1% single probiotic Lactobacillus bulgaricus, and T3: basal diet with supplementation multi-strain probiotics 1% Bacillus subtilis and Lactobacillus bulgaricus. Each dietary treatment was replicated five times. In this study, an individual cage equipped with complete semen collection and analysis tools was utilized. The native rooster was given a one-week rest period before the treatment. Semen collection was done using the massage method. The evaluated of parameters included volume, color, consistency, pH, and odor. The data analysis applied one way ANOVA and followed by Duncan if the data significantly different. The results revealed a significant difference (P<0,05) in the semen volume of native Indonesian roosters with supplementation multi-strain probiotics 1% Bacillus subtilis and Lactobacillus bulgaricus. The research concluded that the multi-strain probiotics from the family Lactobacillaceae and Bacillaceae can improve the quality of sperm in Indonesian native roosters by increasing the volume total of semen.
Physiological conditions of bendi horse in Surakarta City
Authors: Syarifuddin M A , Pawestri W , Wati A K , Rahayu E T , Yanti Y , Kharismawati K
Published: January 2025

This study aimed to determine the physiological conditions (frequency of heart rate, respiration, and body temperature) of bendi horses in Surakarta City. The research was conducted from May to November 2023. The method used in the study was a survey with purposive sampling technique. Data collection used interview, observation, and literature study methods. The samples used were 24 bendi horses in Surakarta City. Data were processed using quantitative descriptive analysis with Microsoft Excel software and t-Test was conducted on physiological data of horses against activities. The results showed that the most widely horse breed is Javanese horses, the average horse kept is 5-10 years old, and female sex. The physiological frequency of bendi horses according to age and sex shows normal results. The t-Test results showed that bendi horses that were doing activities had higher heart rate and respiration frequency than bendi horses that were resting in the stable. The conclusion from this study is that the frequency of heart rate, respiration, and body temperature of bendi horses in Surakarta City are in normal condition.