bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CONVÍVIO DOMICILIAR DE IDOSOS COM CÃES DE ESTIMAÇÃO
Authors: Souto Camila Da Costa Lima , Silva Renan Carlos Freitas da , Porto Catarina Magalhães , Zimmermann Rogério Dubosselard , Costa Maria Lúcia Gurgel da
Published: January 2021

O artigo tem por objetivo estudar os efeitos da convivência domiciliar de idosos com cães de estimação, apontando os aspectos positivos e negativos desse convívio para a saúde da população idosa. Trata-se de um estudo qualitativo de caráter descritivo e exploratório que utilizará como técnica entrevista aberta semiestruturada. O número total de idosos foi definido pela saturação de falas no decorrer das entrevistas. As entrevistas foram transcritas e as falas dos idosos foram examinadas através da análise de conteúdo, com posterior categorização temática. Os elementos foram classificados em 9 eixos temáticos: suporte emocional, atividade física, contato social, sensação de segurança, alergia e infecções, quedas, gasto financeiro, processo de luto e significado. O convívio com cães de companhia traz inúmeros benefícios à saúde de idosos, entre eles, o aumento da prática de atividades físicas, da socialização, do prazer e da autoestima. Em contrapartida, existem, também, aspectos negativos dessa convivência, como a maior exposição a possíveis infecções e alergias, o maior risco de quedas e o intenso sofrimento pela perda do animal. Após análise dos dados, constatou-se que os efeitos positivos da convivência domiciliar de idosos com cães de estimação superam os efeitos negativos para a saúde dessa população.
SONOGRAPHIC IDENTIFICATION OF UTERINE LEIOMYOMAS AND THEIR IMPACT ON FERTILITY
Authors: Sarwar Anum , Khadija Syeda , Khan Muhammad Ateeb Ali , Waseem Nazeeha , Ghouri Waqas Ali
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACT Context: Fibroids are the most common tumors of the female
genital tract.fibroids are of benign growth develop in the muscular wall
of the uterus composed primarily of smooth muscles. Fibroids are known
by different other names like leiomyoma, leiomyomata, myoma and
fibromyoma. It can be located in different part of uterus so named them
according to their location in uterus. Fibroids vary in size from such
small like a pea to as large to 10 inches. The relationship of fibroids
with infertility is controversial to find an impact of uterine fibroids
on infertility. Ultrasonography is a Gold Standard modality for
identification of uterine fibroids. The purpose of this Retrospective
study is to review fibroids and their different types and their impact
on fertility. Fibroids effect females of every age group and their
management are necessary for increase fertility outcomes. Objective: A
systematic review is made with help of different retrospective studies
published from time duration 2005 to 2020 on sonographic identification
of uterine leiomyomas and their impact on fertility. Evidence
acquisition: Relevant databases on uterine fibroid relation and impact
on infertility was collected from MEDLINE, PubMed, Cochrane Library from
2005 to 2020. Randomised control trials, prospective observational
studies, retrospective matched studies from well-defined registries are
taken. Conclusion: Uterine fibroids having an impact on fertility its
incidence increased with age.submucosal fibroids cause infertility,
intramural fibroids impact on fertility is controversial while
subserosal fibroids don’t have an impact on fertility. Key words:
Leiomyomas, Infertility, Abdominal Ultrasound, Transvaginal Ultrasound,
Myomectomy, Fertility
Traceable Surveillance and Genetic Diversity Analysis of Coronaviruses in Poultry from China in 2019
Authors: Li Yang , Zhuang Qingye , Jiang Lijian , Jiang Wenming , Peng Cheng , Jiang Nan , Zhang Fuyou , Yu Xiaohui , Wang Suchun , Yuan Liping , Hou Guangyu , Liu Shuo , Wang Jingjing , Yu Jianmin , Li Jinping , Zhao Chenglong , Huang Baoxu , Liu Hualei , Wang Kaicheng
Published: January 2021

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory
syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was first reported in Wuhan, China,
and rapidly spread worldwide. This new emerging pathogen is highly
transmittable and can cause fatal disease. More than 35 million cases
have been confirmed and the fatality was about 2.9% up to October 9
2020. However, the original and intermediate hosts of SARS-CoV-2 remain
unknown. Here, a total of 3160 poultry samples collected from 14
provinces between September and December 2019 in China were tested for
the purpose of traceable surveillance for SARS-CoV-2 infection. The
results indicated that all samples were SARS-CoV-2 negative, and a total
of 593 avian coronaviruses were detected, including 485 avian infectious
bronchitis viruses, 72 duck coronaviruses and 36 pigeon coronaviruses.
The positive rates of avian infectious bronchitis virus, duck
coronavirus, and pigeon coronavirus were 15.35%, 2.28% and 1.14%,
respectively. Our surveillance demonstrated the diversities of avian
coronaviruses in China, and higher prevalence were also recognized in
some regions. The possibility of SARS-CoV-2 originating from the known
avian-origin coronaviruses can be preliminarily ruled out. More
surveillance and research on avian coronaviruses should be strengthened
for better understanding the diversity, distribution, cross-species
transmission and clinical significance of these viruses.
Airway Management in Children
Authors: Peyton James , Park Raymond
Published: January 2021

Airway management in children is usually very straightforward. Unfortunately, when it is not straightforward complications associated with problems encountered while managing the airway can be life-threatening. Airway management can be considered to consist of several different techniques for oxygenating and ventilating an anesthetized patient, namely mask ventilation, supraglottic airway device ventilation, and tracheal intubation. This chapter discusses these techniques and the factors associated with difficulty in performing them. There are anatomic features associated with difficulty in all of these techniques that are caused by syndromes or abnormal airway anatomy in children, although around 20% of difficult intubations are unanticipated. The majority of complications occur when attempting a difficult tracheal intubation. Morbidity and mortality relating to tracheal intubation correlate to the number of attempts at tracheal intubation. Severe hypoxia is estimated to occur in around 9% of children who are difficult to intubate and hypoxic cardiac arrest in nearly 2%, so the key to successful airway management is to focus on maintaining oxygenation and choosing a technique with the best chance of a successful outcome during the first attempt at airway management.
This review contains 6 figures, 7 tables, and 41 references. 
Keywords: cricothyrotomy, difficult airway, direct laryngoscopy, fiberoptic bronchoscopy, front of neck access, intubation, pediatric, videolaryngoscopy
The Anesthesia Machine: Managing Exhaled and Waste Gases
Authors: Jette Christine
Published: January 2021

Effective and safe CO2 absorption is critical to the anesthesia circle system to prevent rebreathing and hypercapnia. Advances in the original soda lime–based absorbents and their container systems continue to improve patient safety, reducing the risk of compound A and carbon monoxide production, with seemingly little compromise to the efficiency of CO2 absorption capabilities. Scavenging systems and the removal of waste anesthesia gases remain a critical component to anesthesia care, and vigilance to maintain approved systems is a key to operating room staff safety. Advances in anesthesia machine design have resulted in more complicated internal breathing circuits that are increasingly difficult to rid of trace anesthetic gases. This inadvertently led to a necessary change in guidelines on anesthesia machine preparation for patients susceptible to malignant hyperthermia (MH).
 
This review contains 5 figures, 6 tables, and 59 references.
Keywords: carbon dioxide absorption, carbon monoxide, CO2 absorption, compound A, malignant hyperthermia machine preparation, operating room safety, scavenging systems, waste anesthesia gases
Neurovascular Critical Care
Authors: Sarmiento Jose Manuel , Lahiri Shouri
Published: January 2021

Ischemic stroke and intracranial hemorrhage are among the most devastating and debilitating injuries in medicine. Initial management principles for acute ischemic stroke rely on prompt revascularization before the brain parenchymal is infarcted. Large hemispheric infarctions and malignant cerebral edema occur uncommonly in a subset of patients with acute ischemic stroke and are associated with high morbidity and mortality rates. The indications for decompressive hemicraniectomy for malignant cerebral edema are reviewed. Medical management of intraparenchymal hematomas and aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage in the intensive care setting is emphasized. Important clinical sequelae of subarachnoid hemorrhage such as rebleeding, cerebral vasospasm, and cerebral salt wasting are reviewed.
 
This review contains 5 figures, 4 tables and 52 references
Key Words:  acute ischemic stroke, cerebral aneurysm, cerebral vasospasm, decompressive hemicraniectomy, intracerebral hemorrhage, large hemispheric infarctions, subarachnoid hemorrhage, malignant cerebral edema
Cardiovascular System: Part I
Authors: Levesque Vanetta
Published: January 2021

This chapter reviews the cardiovascular system in its entirety. It begins with the details of the cardiac cycle, a highly coordinated sequence of electrical and mechanical events that allows blood flow from the atria to the ventricles, which then pump blood out to pulmonary, and systemic circulations. There is an overview of basic ventricular physiology, assessment of ventricular contractility, and systolic and diastolic function. Cardiac output, its determinants, regulation, and its measurement according to the Fick principle and other methods are also extensively reviewed. The chapter moves on to describe the importance of blood pressure and its determinants. It follows with a description of how arterial blood pressure and other intracardiac pressures are measured. Finally, in the event of cardiac arrest, the chapter describes high quality CPR, and several algorithms used in managing patients in cardiac arrest.
This review contains 5 figures, and 51 references.
Keywords: electrocardiogram (ECG), Frank-Starling law, myocardial contractility, Fick principle, cardiac output, blood pressure, intracardiac pressures, advanced cardiac life support
Renal and Urinary Systems/Electrolyte Balance
Authors: Vale Henrique
Published: January 2021

Renal physiology involves the regulation of fluid balance and blood pressure, absorption of glucose, amino acids, and other small molecules, maintenance of acid-base balance; regulation of sodium, potassium, and other electrolytes; clearance of toxins; production of various hormones, such as erythropoietin, which is responsible for production of red blood cells in the bone marrow, and renin which helps to regulate the extracellular fluid and osmolality. (1,2) The physiology of the kidneys is studied at the level of smallest functional unit of the kidney, the nephron. The filtration process begins by the nephron filtering the blood entering the kidneys (glomerular filtration). This filtrate flows along the nephron to promote reabsorption of water and small molecules and the secretion of wastes from the blood into the urine (tubular reabsorption and tubular secretion). At the end the remaining filtrate goes to the collecting duct to enter the renal pelvis. From the renal pelvis, the urine passes to the bladder and is excreted to the exterior.(1-3)  In order to work properly the kidney must receive adequate blood flow, any reduction of blood flow to the kidneys, can result in damage of the kidney structure that can be reversible or not. Multiple studies can provide a qualitative assessment of the renal function and also look for structural abnormalities.(1)
This review has 6 figures, 5 tables, and 36 references
Keywords: renal blood flow, glomerular filtration, Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR), vasopressin, antidiuretic hormone, aldosterone, juxtaglomerular cells, chronic kidney disease, pathophysiology, diabetes mellitus
Clinical Immunology and Innate Immunity
Authors: Lee Lung-Yi , Foley David P
Published: January 2021

Our body encounters a multitude of microorganisms in our daily lives. Due to surveillance of our robust immune system, these microbial encounters remain largely benign and only become pathologic at times. The majority of these pathogens are cleared rapidly by our innate immune system. The innate immune system is our body’s first line of defense that mounts a nonspecific response against pathogens. In this review, a contemporary summary of this complex system and its relevance to disease processes that are commonly seen in the surgical setting are presented, including components and activation of innate immunity, and relevant clinical scenarios. 
This review contains 10 figures, 11 tables, and 32 references.
Keywords: Innate immunity, humoral immunity, phagocytosis, neutrophils, macrophages, pathogen-associated molecular pattern, damage-associated molecular pattern, wound healing, sepsis, SIRS, deep vein thrombosis, solid-organ rejection
Principles of Cancer Diagnosis
Authors: Baker Samantha J. , Rose J. Bart
Published: January 2021

As knowledge of cancer pathology deepens, so does the complexity of cancer care. Recommendations from the National Cancer Policy Board Cancer Care System focus on using high-volume centers for patients undergoing high-mortality procedures and clinical trials to develop evidence-based guidelines for cancer prevention, diagnosis, treatment, palliative care, and quality care. Through the implementation of many of these principles, patient-centered care has become increasingly recognized as fundamental model for healthcare.
This review contains 2 figures, 1 table, and 25 references.
Key Words: Cancer, Cancer staging, Core needle biopsy, Fine needle aspiration, Liquid biopsy, Lymph nodes, Sentinel lymph node(s), Surgical biopsy
Phyllodes Tumors
Authors: Hieken Tina J , Jimenez Rafael E
Published: January 2021

Phyllodes tumors are rare primary breast neoplasms graded as benign, borderline, or malignant based on pathology characterization of the stromal component. Core-needle biopsy is recommended as the first diagnostic step for breast lesions suspicious for phyllodes. Surgical excisional biopsy is recommended for a core-needle biopsy showing cellular fibroepithelial lesion or a mass suspicious for phyllodes tumor as pathology diagnosis is challenging, especially on limited tissue specimens. Surgical treatment parallels that for soft tissue sarcoma rather than breast adenocarcinoma. Wide local excision and mastectomy, with 1 cm tumor-free margins, provide equivalent oncologic outcomes. Tumor enucleation, subtotal resection, and positive final margins should be avoided. Axillary surgery is not recommended as lymph node metastases are rare. Adjuvant radiation is not recommended as routine, nor is adjuvant chemotherapy, although either or both may be considered for primary or recurrent high-risk malignant phyllodes tumors on a case-by-case basis. Local recurrence rates are influenced by margin status and tumor grade. Distant metastases occur in up to 25% of patients with borderline/malignant tumors and bestow a poor prognosis. Recent molecular genetic analyses of phyllodes tumors have identified potentially targetable mutations that may guide future therapy for high-risk, recurrent, or metastatic phyllodes tumors.
This review contains 5 figures, 5 tables, and 53 references.
Key words: biomarkers, breast sarcoma, diagnosis, outcomes, pathology, phyllodes tumor, surgery, treatment
Breast Cancer
Authors: Davidson Nancy E
Published: January 2021

Invasive breast cancer, the most common nonskin cancer in women in the United States, will be diagnosed in 235,000 women in this country in 2013 and is expected to result in approximately 40,000 deaths. Incidence and mortality reached a plateau and appear to be dropping in both the United States and parts of western Europe. This decline has been attributed to several factors, such as early detection through the use of screening mammography and appropriate use of systemic adjuvant therapy, as well as decreased use of hormone replacement therapy. However, the global burden of breast cancer remains great, and global breast cancer incidence increased from 641,000 in 1980 to 1,643,000 in 2010, an annual rate of increase of 3.1%. This chapter examines the etiology, epidemiology, prevention, screening, staging, and prognosis of breast cancer. The diagnoses and treatments of the four stages of breast cancer are also included. Figures include algorithms used for the systemic treatment of stage IV breast cancer and hormone therapy for women with stage IV breast cancer. Tables describe selected outcomes from the National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project (NSABP) P-1 and P-2 chemoprevention trials, tamoxifen chemoprevention trials for breast cancer, the TNM staging system and stage groupings for breast cancer, some commonly used adjuvant chemotherapy regimens, an algorithm for suggested treatment for patients with operable breast cancer from the 2011 St. Gallen consensus conference, guidelines for surveillance of asymptomatic early breast cancer survivors from the American Society of Clinical Oncology, and newer agents for metastatic breast cancer commercially available in the United States.
This review contains 2 highly rendered figures, 8 tables, and 108 references.
Epidemiological Characterization of the Infection by Treponema Pallidum in Pregnant Women in Beira City, Sofala, Mozambique
Authors: Guido Nchowela
Published: January 2021

Introduction: Syphilis is one of several diseases that can be transmitted during pregnancy and childbirth, which can lead to complications during pregnancy and in the newborn. This is especially so when the pregnant woman is not diagnosed or treated properly and in a timely manner. Methodology: Data from 262 pregnant women prospectively included, aged 18-41years, attended at the Ponta Gêa Health Centre for antenatal clinics has been analyzed from January to September of 2016. In the prospective study, a rapid treponemal and a non-treponemal test were performed. A structured questionnaire was used to collect socio demographic and clinical variables, which was developed from the literature review. Results: The prevalence of active syphilis was 11.8%; the majority of reactive pregnant women were aged 18-25years (55.4%), (61.3%) of pregnant women were treated with doses below those recommended; only a small number of the partners were treated successfully. The highest seroprevalence of syphilis was found in housewives (77%), in those who attended primary education (71.6%) in those who had a monthly income of 1000- 3000 MZN (70.3%), in those with two or more pregnancies (55.7%) and living with someone has husband and wife (63.5%). The syphilis/HIV co-infection rate was high. Conclusion: According to the results obtained in this study, urgent measures are needed to assess the problems encountered and to improve the screening approach, treatment and monitoring of syphilis during pregnancy in order to prevent the cases of congenital syphilis.
CRIANDO, CONTANDO E (EN)CANTANDO: COMPOSIÇÕES DE INTERAÇÃO POÉTICA
Authors: Ferreira de Sousa Ricardo , Nunes de Souza Neila
Published: January 2021

O presente artigo é resultado de uma prática docente realizada junto ao projeto intitulado “Sarau literomusical: poesia, arte e música”, que aconteceu no âmbito da componente curricular de Língua Portuguesa no segundo semestre letivo do ano de 2019, no Colégio da Polícia Militar, Palmas, estado do Tocantins. Nesse sentido, o nosso objetivo é apresentar considerações relevantes acerca do Sarau, discutir sobre a postura investigativa e crítica do aluno e propor uma reflexão sobre a ampliação das práticas pedagógicas, via projetos, fortalecidos na participação e autoria dos envolvidos. Assim, o estudo apresenta o gênero textual poema como suporte central e articulador das atividades de ensino. O percurso vivenciado proporcionou um rico processo de ensino-aprendizagem que resultou no desenvolvimento de habilidades e competências essenciais para o trabalho docente: planejamento, pesquisa e momentos de ponderações críticas. Trataremos aqui de um evento que aborda os mecanismos de leitura, escrita, criação e exposição de poemas.
“CASADINHO DA QUÍMICA”: UMA EXPERIÊNCIA COM O USO DA GAMIFICAÇÃO NO ENSINO DE QUÍMICA ORGÂNICA
Authors: Timóteo Cardoso Alessandra , Carvalho Bernardes Giselle , Machado Goulart Simone , Viana Andrade Lígia
Published: January 2021

Professores e pesquisadores estão sempre em busca de recursos para dinamizar o ensino de Química. A gamificação consiste no uso de elementos de jogos para desenvolver a aprendizagem e pode promover aulas mais dinâmicas e interativas. Nesse contexto, o objetivo desse trabalho foi o desenvolvimento e aplicação de um jogo didático intitulado “Casadinho da Química” visando melhorar a aprendizagem nas aulas de Química Orgânica do terceiro ano do Ensino Médio, em uma escola do município de Itumbiara. A metodologia adotada foi a qualitativa, de caráter experimental, e como instrumento de coleta de dados foram utilizados questionários. Os dados analisados revelam que a utilização do jogo promoveu uma melhora no desenvolvimento dos alunos sobre o conteúdo, além de dinamizar o ensino. Dessa forma, esta pesquisa mostrou que a gamificação é uma metodologia de ensino que pode contribuir com a prática do professor, quando inserida no planejamento de suas aulas.
O TEMA CORONAVÍRUS NOS PLANOS DE ESTUDOS TUTORADOS DO ENSINO FUNDAMENTAL - ANOS FINAIS DO ESTADO DE MINAS GERAIS
Authors: Francisco Reis Erisnaldo , Guimarães Strohschoen Andreia A.
Published: January 2021

A pandemia da COVID-19 modificou o processo educacional no país. Nesse viés, o objetivo deste estudo é relatar como o tema Coronavírus está apresentado nas atividades propostas pela escolas da rede estadual de ensino de Minas Gerais - Brasil. Trata-se de uma pesquisa com abordagem qualitativa, constituindo-se uma revisão bibliográfica, realizada a partir do Caderno 1 dos Planos de Estudos Tutorados do Ensino Fundamental Regular - Anos Finais, apresentados pela Secretaria Estadual de Educação do referido estado. Tais planos fazem parte do Regime Especial de Atividades Não Presenciais (REANP) proposto pela Secretaria. A análise foi realizada por disciplina e por semana, verificando-se, a incidência do tema nas unidades temáticas, no objeto de conhecimento, nas habilidades e nos conteúdos relacionados em cada plano. Os resultados apontam que o tema Coronavírus não foi apresentado em todas as disciplinas. Além disso, evidenciou-se que a temática não foi tratada com profundidade na maioria das atividades propostas.
Hubungan Kewenangan antara Pemerintah Pusat dan Pemerintah Daerah Berdasarkan Negara Kesatuan Republik Indonesia
Authors: Hariyanto Hariyanto
Published: January 2021

This article aims to examines the implementation of government affairs. So that it excludes regiÂ­ons to get involved directly and independently in order to manage and fight for the interests of theÂ­ir regions. Therefore, the issue of authority relations is related to how to determine the houseÂ­hold affairs of the autonomous regions. Thus, the effort to find the ideal form of relationship between the center and the regions within the framework of a unitary state is not an easy problem to find. However, in the author's perspective, the relative autonomy model is a better choice of models to create a pattern of authority relations between the central government and regional governments
Antibiotic resistance properties of Staphylococcus epidermidis isolated from hospitals in Selangor
Authors: Ahmadunissah Asmirah , Aazmi Shafiq , Abdul-Aziz Aziyah
Published: January 2021

A total of 89 Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci (CoNS) samples used in this study were collected from clinical hospitals in Selangor. These isolates were grown on Mannitol Salt Agar (MSA) to screen for pink colonies that do not reduce mannitol which is a characteristic of CoNS. The purified isolates were subjected to standard biochemical tests which include Gram stain, slide coagulase, catalase, and urease test. Identification of Staphylococcus epidermidis was performed using the tuf gene sequencing method which confirmed the species at a total of 60 out of the 89 isolates. When tested against several antibiotics, 41.7% of the isolates were found to be resistant to cefoxitin followed by erythromycin (38.3 %), gentamicin (16.7 %), rifampin (16.7 %), clindamycin (15.0 %), and ciprofloxacin (8.3 %). In contrast, all of the S. epidermidis isolates were sensitive against linezolid. This supports the use of linezolid in the current treatment of S. epidermidis infections. Hence, the speciation of S. epidermidis and its antibiotic resistance patterns may further establish their role as a significant pathogen and help in initiating proper antimicrobial therapy.

Keywords: S. epidermidis, tuf gene sequencing, antibiotic, linezolid
Management of a urethral tear with porcine small intestinal submucosa–augmented urethroplasty and balloon dilation for subsequent urethral stricture in a cat
Authors: Dickerson Vanna M. , Grimes Janet A. , Hill Tracy L. , Bartges Joseph W. , Schmiedt Chad W.
Published: January 2021

CASE DESCRIPTION

As a result of vehicular trauma, a 3-year-old neutered male domestic shorthair cat sustained luxation of the sacrocaudal joint and a urethral tear.

CLINICAL FINDINGS

Retrograde contrast urethrocystography revealed a urethral tear at the level of the ischiatic tuberosity. Conservative treatment for 7 days with a urethral catheter was unsuccessful.

TREATMENT AND OUTCOME

An approach for a perineal urethrostomy was performed and revealed a large urethral tear (4 mm in length in a craniocaudal orientation and encompassing approx 50% of the urethral circumference) proximal to the bulbourethral glands. Urethroplasty was performed with a graft of a rectangular section of single-layer porcine small intestinal submucosa. Perineal urethrostomy was then completed routinely, and a urethral catheter was left in place for 5 days. Two days after removal of the urethral catheter, stranguria was noted. Retrograde contrast urethrocystography revealed a urethral stricture. Balloon dilation of the urethral stricture was performed, and the cat's stranguria improved. Ten weeks following balloon dilation, the cat developed hematuria, and a urinary tract infection and urethral stricture were diagnosed. Balloon dilation was repeated with instillation of triamcinolone solution at the stricture site. Eighteen months later (approx 21 months after the initial surgery), the cat was urinating normally.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE

The outcome for the cat of this report indicated that porcine small intestinal submucosa may be used to successfully augment urethroplasty for treatment of traumatic urethral tears in cats. Urethral balloon dilation with triamcinolone instillation may be used to treat postoperative urethral strictures.
Efficacy of sublingual immunotherapy tablets in dust mite and pollen allergy
Authors: Bisyuk Yuriy , DuBuske Ilona , DuBuske Lawrence M.
Published: January 2021

The latest evidence on the mechanisms, efficacy, and safety of sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) was reviewed. Interleukin (IL) 35 and IL-35‐producing regulatory T cells were assessed as new biomarkers for SLIT responsiveness. A detailed analysis of clinical studies, including
timothy grass pollen, 5-grass pollen, ragweed, and house-dust mite SLIT tablets, was provided, including a comparative analysis of efficacy and safety of SLIT versus subcutaneous immunotherapy.
Non-legume plant species effects on soil nematodes abundance in a Regosol
Authors: Souza Tancredo , Barbosa Lucas Sombra , Lucena Edjane Oliveira de , Melo Luan Nunes de , Podestá Guilherme Silva de , Santos Djail
Published: January 2021

The effects of a non-legume cover crop on total soil nematode abundance and soil groups of nematodes were investigated in a long-term field study. We compared total abundance of soil nematode and the abundance of both free-living soil nematode and root-feeding soil nematode under three different treatments (Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br., native weeds and Caatinga moist-forest enclaves treatments) in a long-term field study cultivated on a Regosol. We found the highest abundance of free-living soil nematode in the Caatinga moist-forest enclaves treatment, whereas the highest abundance of root-feeding nematode was found in the native weeds treatment. We did not find any difference among P. glaucum and native weeds treatments for total abundance of soil nematode. Our findings suggest that the introduction of P. glaucum in sandy soil of Brazilian semiarid can increase the abundance of free-living nematode, but in other hand this cover crop did not reduce the abundance of root-feeding nematode. Our results also highlight the importance of considering the identification of soil nematode groups as indicator of soil quality and impacts of soil management.
Substituição parcial do concentrado por feno de tifton na alimentação de bezerros Girolando
Authors: Gomes Natália Jamille Germano , Gonzaga Neto Severino , Souza Carla Giselly de , Ferreira Raimundo Ribeiro , Rufino Marcelo de Oliveira Alves , Alcoforado Carlos Augusto de Almeida Targino
Published: January 2021

Na criação de bovinos leiteiros, a fase mais crítica é o período entre o nascimento e a desmama, onde a taxa de mortalidade pode ser elevada a depender dos manejos sanitário e nutricional. Objetivou-se avaliar o desenvolvimento de bezerros Girolando do nascimento à desmama em função de 2 tipos de dietas sólidas. Foram utilizados 8 bezerros da raça Girolando com idade média de um mês, pertencentes ao Setor de Bovinocultura de Leite do Departamento de Zootecnia/CCA/UFPB. Os animais foram alojados em bezerreiros tipo argentino, onde cada animal disponha de casinha individual. Os tratamentos consistiram em aleitamento artificial com fornecimento de 4 litros de sucedâneo diariamente e dieta sólida durante 90 dias. A dieta sólida consistiu em 2 tipos de alimentação baseadas em concentrado e volumoso. A Dieta 1 consistia em 100% concentrado em forma de ração peletizada, a Dieta 2 em volumoso na forma de feno de Tifton moído e ração peletizada 50:50. As sobras das dietas fornecidas foram pesadas diariamente nos períodos manhã e tarde. Cada animal passou 90 dias em avaliação. As avaliações foram quinzenais. Eram aferidos parâmetros de peso vivo, perímetro torácico e altura de cernelha. Após aferição era calculado o ganho de peso diário e mensal. Foi utilizado um delineamento inteiramente casualizado (DIC) em parcelas subdivididas. O peso vivo dos animais aumentou linearmente nas duas dietas, não havendo diferença significativa (P<0,001) entre quilos ganhos. O peso vivo e altura de cernelha não apresentaram influência (P<0,001) entre as Dietas 1 e 2. Houve diferença significativa (P<0,001) para perímetro torácico na Dieta 1, em função dos dias. A substituição de 50% do concentrado por feno não afetou o desenvolvimento de bezerros no período de 30 a 90 dias de idade.
Qualidade fisico-química de hortaliças folhosas comercializadas no município de Jaboticabal-SP
Authors: Viana Jonathan dos Santos , Alves Thayane Leonel , Lourenço Maria do Socorro Nahuz , Palaretti Luiz Fabiano
Published: January 2021

As hortaliças são alimentos reguladores, importante para o bom funcionamento do organismo. Objetivou-se neste trabalho determinar a caracterização físico-química de hortaliças folhosas comercializadas em supermercados do município de Jaboticabal – São Paulo. As hortaliças tipo folha “couve, almeirão e chicória” analisadas no presente trabalho, foram adquiridas em dois supermercados do município de Jaboticabal e encaminhadas ao laboratório de biomassa I, UNESP – FCAV, Câmpus de Jaboticabal-SP, onde foram realizadas as seguintes análises: pH, acidez titulável, cinzas, umidade, teor de nitrogênio e proteína. O almeirão apresentou maior teor de umidade com 94,74 %, seguido da couve e chicória, com 88,81% e 82,28 %, respectivamente. Os valores de cinzas, acidez titulável, nitrogênio e proteínas das hortaliças, apresentaram percentuais satisfatórios. Entretanto, apesar dos teores dos componentes físico-químicos está dentro dos padrões estabelecidos na tabela brasileira de composição de alimentos, cabe ao consumidor de hortaliças, fazer a aquisição das mesmas, levando em consideração a data da comercialização, os aspectos da aparência global e a forma em que as mesmas se encontram armazenadas.
Discursos sobre a fala feminina no Brasil contemporâneo
Authors: Braga Amanda , Piovezani Carlos
Published: January 2021

O artigo analisa tanto discursos que conservam estigmas e depreciações da fala feminina quanto discursos que se contrapõem a tais estigmas e depreciações. Para tanto, valendo-se de pressupostos teóricos e de procedimentos metodológicos da Análise do discurso, examinam-se enunciados produzidos no Brasil contemporâneo a respeito do exercício oratório feminino. O objetivo aqui é o de demonstrar que, a despeito das profundas transformações históricas agenciadas pela cultura Ocidental e, consequentemente, dos deslocamentos sofridos pelas próprias condições de produção dos discursos, as discriminações da fala feminina consolidaram-se de tal modo e com tal força que continuam a se perpetuar em nossos dias, a despeito dos diversos meios, veículos e gêneros textuais em que se materializam. Em conjunto com tal objetivo, há ainda o de indicar que, em oposição a essas discriminações de longa data, surgiram na sociedade brasileira de nossos dias posições igualitárias e feministas que lhes resistem, que as refutam e que se fazem ouvir.
COMPETITION LAW IN REPUBLIC OF NORTH MACEDONIA - 20 YEARS OF COMPETITION LAW IN REPUBLIC OF NORTH MACEDONIA
Authors: Tushevska Borka
Published: January 2021

This article examines the laws in the Republic of north Macedonia (hereinafter RNM), that prohibit agreements among competitors to fix prices, divide markets or in other ways avoid or undermine market competition, otherwise known as competition laws. it explores the conditions and challenges in implementing Macedonian competition laws, as well as the role of the state (regulatory) authorities, the degree to which the competition laws comply with the European Union’s competition laws, and finally, the degree to which competition laws are effective and beneficial for the Macedonian economy. Properly implemented competition laws hold much promise. The enactment of competition laws is fundamental for the benefits of a market economy to be achieved. This encompasses economic growth, innovation, lower prices and higher quality of goods and services. The enactment of competition laws since the independence of the Republic of Macedonia1 is furthermore important. This is due to Macedonian obligations to meet the requirements for EU accession. Additionally, adoption of competition law and competition by-laws in RNM, positively affects on the work of authorities for the protection of competition. What is most important, this competition legal regime represents a base for reducing the abuse of the state authorities and theirs incompetent behaviors. At the end, the article contains conclusions, opinions and suggestions from the conducted research, which hopefully will be beneficial for the relevant auditorium. The analytical-descriptive method, the comparative method, the method of analysis and synthesis, and the method of induction and deduction were used to analyze the subject matter for this article.
ZAKLADA KAO (VEĆINSKI) ČLAN TRGOVAČKOG DRUŠTVA
Authors: Braut Filipović Mihaela
Published: January 2021

There is a new phenomenon in corporate governance of companies – foundations as shareholders. Foundations are traditionally held as legal entities which strive to accomplish a public or charitable purpose. However, modern practice highlights foundations which control companies (foundation-owned companies) or invest in them, thus becoming shareholders. Denmark, the Netherlands, Germany and many other countries both in the European Union and outside are a home to big successful companies under the control of foundations. In this new form of corporate governance, relation between management of foundations and companies becomes crucial, especially the extent to which a foundation is actively involved in operating the company, and possible overlapping between managers of the foundation and the company. The goal of this article is to analyze corporate governance of companies which have foundations as their major or minority members/shareholders. This article shall also research into the Croatian foundations and their involvement in companies. The research is based on the publicly available data on portfolio of foundations, which shows if Croatian foundations invest in companies, and thus act as shareholders. This article contributes to the discussion on the importance of foundations in economic development of countries through both corporate and charitable activism.
An Orbital Exchange Calculation of Chemical Bonding in Metals
Authors: Merrithew Paul
Published: January 2021

This work calculates the chemical bonds in lithium metal and beryllium metal using the orbital exchange method, a method that recognizes that the two electrons of a bonding pair cannot be completely distinguished when their orbitals overlap to bond. Since in metals there is no preferred bond direction, the symmetry axes of the lattice are chosen as the bonding axes. The calculations sum the primary, secondary and many tertiary bonds along these axes. The bond length and bond energy results are in agreement with the observed values with bond energies accurate to 0.2 eV or better and bond lengths to 0.02Å. The bond lengths are found at the point where the total bond overlap equals 1.0. These results are compared with the orbital exchange calculations of bonding in diamond, a nonconductor, and graphite, a semiconductor. An uncomplicated explanation for the difference in electrical properties emerges. The conductor, lithium metal, has a 2s bonding orbital which bonds equally in both directions along all axes providing for the continuous flow of electrons. The nonconductor, diamond, has a directional s p hybrid type bonding orbital which bonds in one direction along a single axis, preventing the flow of electrons from atom to atom.
A comparative study to assess the knowledge about Vasectomy Among male spouses who are accompanying Postnatal Mothers in Urban and Rural PHC
Authors: Thamu Priyadharshini N T  , Shivaranjani S
Published: January 2021

Vasectomy is a lasting technique for contraception for men. It incorporates blocking the two vas-deferens forestalling section of sperm to male urethra. It is likewise called male sterilization and male surgical contraception. This study was to assess the knowledge on male spouse regarding vasectomy because mostly female spouse are much familiar in the family planning process. The present study objective is to survey the information of males about vasectomy and to study the knowledge comparatively between urban and rural male spouse regarding vasectomy. The descriptive cross-sectional research design was used for this study. The study was directed at the urban and rural PHC among male spouse who attending postnatal mothers at Thiruvathipuram Urban primary health centre, Cheyyar block, Thiruvannamalai district and also at Thozhupedu primary health centre, Cheyyar taluk, Thiruvannamalai district. The sample size is comprised of 100 samples. Out of which 50 samples in rural and 50 samples in urban. Comparison of knowledge between married men in an urban and rural area; the mean score of knowledge among married men in the urban area was 74.94±7.09 and the mean score in the rural area was 51.22±12.91.The calculated student independent 't' test value of t = 1.389 was found to be statistically significant at p<0.001 level. This indicates that there was critical contrast in the degree of information about vasectomy among married women in the urban and rural area. This clearly infers that married men in the urban area had more knowledge about vasectomy than the married men in the rural area. This showed that there is a slight difference in knowledge on vasectomy among males at both rural and urban populations. In comparison, the urban population had a high level of knowledge on vasectomy than compared with the rural population.
Effectiveness of High-Tech Communication Board on Patients Response and Level of Satisfaction among Mechanical Ventilated Patients
Authors: Vignesh S  , Parimala L  , Kalabarathi S
Published: January 2021

Communication is a crucial component and fundamental segment of nursing in all zones that renders it exercise to practice every one of its intercessions, including prevention, treatment, recovery, instruction and wellbeing advancement. Communication is a basic part of successful consideration in clinic setting, particularly in ICU where patients can encounter adjusted Communication capacities because of their basic sickness. Patient's results are impacted by the patient's capacities to impart successfully and take an interest in their consideration. Hence the present study aimed to assess the effectiveness of high-tech communication board on patient response and level of satisfaction among mechanically ventilated patients in an intensive care unit. True experimental - Post-test only design was employed with 60 patients in which 30 were allotted to the experimental and 30 to the control group. Demographic variables data were collected by using a structured questionnaire followed by assessing the response of the patients using patient response scale after using High-tech communication board. Patient's satisfaction was assessed after usage of High-tech communication board using a satisfaction scale. The findings of the study revealed that most of the patients had a good response in the experimental group than the patients in the control group in which the comparison between the two groups showed a significant difference between the mean scores. Based on findings, comparative studies can be conducted with other High-Tech Communication Board in different settings with large samples.
Assess the level of fatigue and it’s contributing factors among mechanically Ventilated Patients in the Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Dinesh Kumawat  , Mary Minolin T  , KalaBarathi S
Published: January 2021

Fatigue is a typical complaint among hospitalized patients and is one of the most predominant and upsetting manifestations announced by critically sick patients in the emergency unit. Attendants are in an ideal situation to distinguish, analyze and assess patients who might be in danger of encountering fatigue and set up mediations as vital. Hence, the present study aimed to assess the level of fatigue and its contributing factors among mechanically ventilated patients in an Intensive care unit. A descriptive correlational design was employed with 60 patients. Demographic variables data were collected by using a structured interview questionnaire followed by assessing the response of the patients using patient response scale after using visual analogue scale-fatigue (VAS-F). Assessed the contributing factors of fatigue such as depression anxiety and stress by using DASS-21, sleeping difficulty by using Insomnia Severity Index, pain by using Visual Analogue Pain Scale, and agitation by using Richmond Agitation and Sedation Scale (RASS), the severity of illness by using the APACHE II scale. The findings of the study revealed that the level of fatigue, the most of the patients 36(60%) had moderate fatigue, 14(23.33%) had severe fatigue and 10(16.67%) had mild fatigue. Contribution factors of fatigue such as the sedation, depression, anxiety, stress, insomnia and severity of illness had shown positive correlation which was found to be statistically significant. The contributing factor pain had shown a positive correlation with fatigue which was found to be statistically significant. The present study findings described that patients in this examination with higher disease seriousness scores at ICU admission and more continuous sedation administration added to higher fatigue evaluations that expand after some time.
Effectiveness of Video Teaching Programme in prevention of Gestational Diabetic Mellitus among Antenatal Mothers
Authors: Angelin Lavanya  , Krishnaveni M
Published: January 2021

Gestational Diabetic Mellitus is the type of diabetes in pregnancy. It normally shows up in the second 1/2 of pregnancy and numerous impacts fetal development rate and causes moderate foundational improvement. The goal of prevention in pregnancy to change dietary patterns, maintain balanced glucose level and to replace them with a healthy lifestyle for mother. The main purpose of this study to assess the effectiveness of video teaching programme in prevention of gestational diabetic Mellitus among antenatal mothers. Quantitative experimental approach and pre-experimental one group pre-test and post-test design used in this study. The sample size was 60 antenatal mothers. A pre-test was conducted to assess the knowledge on antenatal mothers followed by administration of video teaching programme. After one hour conducted post-test using the same questionnaire. The study finding revealed that after the administration of video teaching programme among antenatal mothers post-test mean score of knowledge was 27.10 with Standard Deviation 2.60 was higher than the pre-test mean score of knowledge was 9.02 with Standard Deviation 2.69. Hence there was a statistically significant difference between pre-test and post-test knowledge scores and the hypothesis was accepted. The calculated paired 't' test value of t=33.64 was found to be statistically highly significant at (P<0.001) association between post-test knowledge scores and socio-demographic variables. This clearly infers there is a significant improvement in the post-test level of knowledge regarding gestational diabetic Mellitus among antenatal mothers.
A study on the Clinical profile of fever with thrombocytopenia
Authors: Srikant S Kandagatla  , Swati Aundhakar
Published: January 2021

Common manifestations during monsoon conditions in tropical regions are specified with fever and thrombocytopenia. With this, viral disease like dengue, chikungunya, malaria is more common. Hence it is important to evaluate and diagnose the manifestation thereby bringing in early treatment and reduced mortality. The present study was designed to evaluate the clinical profile of patients with fever and thrombocytopenia and its clinical outcome. Prospective non-interventional observational study was conducted in a tertiary care hospital with 160 patients by random sampling. Patients with fever were involved for the study, their clinical data (symptoms during presentation, signs of fever), laboratory examinations for platelet count, total leukocyte count, and liver function tests were performed. Follow-up was maintained until patients were discharged or with record of mortality. Data was analysed using Chi-square test and Cramer’s V test. Out of total 160 patients, majority were male with gender ratio of 7:3 (male:female0 and mean age was 32.53±15.23 years. Majority of patients depicted that the total platelet count was in the range of 40001-60000/ccum and was significantly dependent on etiology (P=0.03198). Similarly, total leukocyte count was also significantly dependent on etiology (P=0.0004998). Fever and thrombocytopenia are the early manifestations of the major viral diseases. Hence it is important to systemically study the clinical and laboratory data to determine its etiology and early diagnosis for treatment.