bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Fatty Acid Composition and Properties of Oil Extracted from Seeds of Carum roxburghianum Benth. (Radhuni)
Authors: Paul BK , Ahmed MN , Saha GC
Published: July 2011

Carum roxburghianum Benth. (Radhuni) seeds of three different places of Bangladesh were investigated to determine the fatty acid composition and physico-chemical properties of extracted oil. The seeds were found to contain oil ranging from 15.31 to 20.32%. The percentage compositions of fatty acids were identified and quantified by Gas Liquid Chromatography (GLC). The saturated and unsaturated fatty acids in extracts were 4.95 to 6.27% and 93.73 to 94.89%, respectively. Among six fatty acids identified in this study, oleic acid contributed the highest portion (76.44 to 79.16%), whereas, linoleic (1.38%), linolenic (15.28 - 15.40%), stearic (0.70%), palmitic (4.95 - 5.57%) and ecosenoic acid (0.51 - 15.73%) together contributed the rest. Physico-chemical properties of the oil extracted were also investigated. The specific gravity, refractive index, optical rotation were recorded as 0.903 to 0.918 at 30°C, 1.465 to 1.470 at 30°C and +8.54° to +9.56° at 26°C, respectively. The chemical properties like saponification value (183.52 - 193.45), iodine value (80.99 - 120.90), peroxide value (23.25 - 36.16), acid value (143.84 - 162.99), ester value (48.12 - 62.03), percentage of unsaponifiable matter (3.56 - 6.51%), Reicher-Meissel value (2.00 - 3.12), Polenske value (4.12 - 6.20) and Henher value (85.12 - 95.56) were determined. Overall Radhuni seeds oil can be considered as a good source of oleic acid. Keywords: Carum roxburghianum; Radhuni seed oil; fatty acid composition; oleic acid; Gas Liquid Chromatography. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjsir.v46i1.8113 Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 46(1), 111-116, 2011
Study of Surface Water and Soil Quality Affected by Heavy Metals of Pabna Sadar
Authors: Sultana MS , Islam MS , Rahman S , Al-Mansur MA
Published: July 2011

Concentrations of heavy metals such as As, Cd, Co, Cr, Ni, Fe, Zn, Pb, Hg and Cu in surface water and soils were determined by using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS) using standard analytical methods. The physicochemical and anionic properties of the surface water were also determined to assess the pollution level of this area. The results reveal that although few parameters of the surface water are within the standard value but most of the physicochemical and anionic parameters such as BOD, COD, F-, NO3-, NH3 and Pb of the surface water are significantly higher than the standard for drinking water. The result suggests that the surface water of this area is polluted by various pollutants and harmful for drinking and recreational purposes. Most of the soil contains much higher values of heavy metals like Hg, Mn, Co and Zn than world wide average soil values (0.05, 270.00, 5.50, 45.00 ppm respectively). Therefore, it might have considerable negative effects on the soil quality, agricultural crops of the area and thus harmful for human health. Their higher concentration suggests that they resulted due to both natural origin and anthropogenic activities like, application of pesticides, mineral fertilization and industrial discharge. Keywords: Heavy metals; Physicochemical properties; Surface water soil quality; Human health. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjsir.v46i1.8117 Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 46(1), 133-140, 2011
Solvolyses of Benzoyl Chlorides in Weakly Nucleophilic Media
Authors: Bentley Thomas William , Harris Haldon Carl
Published: July 2011

Rate constants and activations parameters are reported for solvolyses of p-Z-substituted benzoyl chlorides (1, Z = OMe, Me, H, and Cl) in 97% w/w hexafluoroisopropanol-water (97H). Additional kinetic data are reported for solvolyses in acetic and formic acids. Plots of log k vs. σp in 97H are consistent with previous research showing that a cationic reaction channel is dominant, even for solvolyses of 1, Z = NO2. A benzoyl cation intermediate was trapped by Friedel-Crafts reaction with 1,3,5-trimethoxybenzene in hexafluoroisopropanol. The results are explained by an SN2-SN1 spectrum of mechanisms with variations in nucleophilic solvent assistance. Ab initio calculations of heterolytic bond dissociation energies of various chloro- and fluoro-substituted and other benzoyl chlorides are correlated with log k for solvolyses.
Effects of Lipoic Acid, Caffeic Acid and a Synthesized Lipoyl-Caffeic Conjugate on Human Hepatoma Cell Lines
Authors: Guerriero Eliana , Sorice Angela , Capone Francesca , Costantini Susan , Palladino Pasquale , D'ischia Marco , Castello Giuseppe
Published: July 2011

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is among the most aggressive and fatal cancers. Its treatment with conventional chemotherapeutic agents is inefficient, due to several side effects linked to impaired organ function typical of liver diseases. Consequently, there exists a decisive requirement to explore possible alternative chemopreventive and therapeutic strategies. The use of dietary antioxidants and micronutrients has been proposed for HCC successful management. The aim of this work was to test in vitro the effects of lipoic acid, caffeic acid and a new synthesized lipoyl-caffeic conjugate on human hepatoma cell lines in order to assess their effect on tumor cell growth. The results of cytotoxicity assays at different times showed that the cell viability was directly proportional to the molecule concentrations and incubation times. Moreover, to evaluate the pro- or anti-inflammatory effects of these molecules, the cytokine concentrations were evaluated in treated and untreated cellular supernatants. The obtained cytokine pattern showed that, at the increasing of three molecules concentrations, three pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β, IL-8 and TNF-α decreased whereas the anti-inflammatory cytokine such as IL-10 increased.
Substrate Promiscuity of N-Acetylhexosamine 1-Kinases
Authors: Li Yanhong , Yu Hai , Chen Yi , Lau Kam , Cai Li , Cao Hongzhi , Tiwari Vinod Kumar , Qu Jingyao , Thon Vireak , Wang Peng George , Chen Xi
Published: July 2011

N-Acetylhexosamine 1-kinase (NahK) catalyzes the direct addition of a phosphate from adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) to the anomeric position of N-acetylhexosamine and shows similar activity towards N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) and N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc). Herein we report the cloning, characterization, and substrate specificity studies of two NahKs from Bifidobacterium infantis ATCC15697 and Bifidobacterium longum ATCC55813, respectively. A new capillary electrophoresis assay method has been developed for enzyme activity assays. Both enzymes have a good expression level in E. coli (180–185 mg/L culture) and can tolerate diverse modifications at C2 of GlcNAc and GalNAc. Various GlcNAc derivatives with C6, both C2 and C6, as well as both C2 and C3 modifications are tolerable substrates for the newly cloned NahKs. Quite interestingly, despite of their low activities toward glucose and galactose, the activities of both NahKs are much higher for mannose and some of its C2, C4, and C6 derivatives. These NahKs are excellent catalysts for enzymatic and chemoenzymatic synthesis of carbohydrates.
The Spiritual Approach to Group Psychotherapy Treatment of Psychotraumatized Persons in Post-War Bosnia and Herzegovina
Authors: Hasanović Mevludin , Sinanović Osman , Pajević Izet , Agius Mark
Published: July 2011

Psychological trauma and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) may have an intensive negative impact on a patient’s spiritual beliefs or his/her belief in God; this effect may diminish the social and professional skills of many survivors. In the same time researches showed that religion plays a coping role among patients with medical and mental health illnesses. During the war in Bosnia-Herzegovina (1992-1995) the whole population, regardless of age, gender, nationality or profession, suffered severely. During the pre-war period in communistic Yugoslavia religious believes altered with atheistic public life styles. Additionally, war traumatization had a negative impact on spirituality and religious beliefs. In the series of case reports we intended to describe and assess the impact of a session of group psychotherapy, with spiritual topics and content, which was offered to patients who needed to reestablish religious beliefs. The patients who come to the Psychiatry Clinic because of trauma-induced mental health problems and who we are interested in strengthening their spirituality met each other in the group regardless of their religious or spiritual conviction. We described the conceptualization and development of such a group and present some self-reported views of clients who took part in these groups. The supportive and empathetic presence of such group in the community helps to prevent withdrawal and isolation, alienation and deviation of traumatized persons. The presence of such group facilitates the rehabilitation process of the victims, allowing them to understand that people are available to them in certain critical moments, to help, to offer protection or to console. Groups like this one, offer long term social and spiritual support to extremely severely traumatized victims.
Integrated Flight Path Planning System and Flight Control System for Unmanned Helicopters
Authors: Jan Shau-Shiun , Lin Yu-Hsiang
Published: July 2011

This paper focuses on the design of an integrated navigation and guidance system for unmanned helicopters. The integrated navigation system comprises two systems: the Flight Path Planning System (FPPS) and the Flight Control System (FCS). The FPPS finds the shortest flight path by the A-Star (A*) algorithm in an adaptive manner for different flight conditions, and the FPPS can add a forbidden zone to stop the unmanned helicopter from crossing over into dangerous areas. In this paper, the FPPS computation time is reduced by the multi-resolution scheme, and the flight path quality is improved by the path smoothing methods. Meanwhile, the FCS includes the fuzzy inference systems (FISs) based on the fuzzy logic. By using expert knowledge and experience to train the FIS, the controller can operate the unmanned helicopter without dynamic models. The integrated system of the FPPS and the FCS is aimed at providing navigation and guidance to the mission destination and it is implemented by coupling the flight simulation software, X-Plane, and the computing software, MATLAB. Simulations are performed and shown in real time three-dimensional animations. Finally, the integrated system is demonstrated to work successfully in controlling the unmanned helicopter to operate in various terrains of a digital elevation model (DEM).
Enhancing Sustainability of Cotton Production Systems in West Africa: A Summary of Empirical Evidence from Burkina Faso
Authors: Vitale Jeffrey , Ouattarra Marc , Vognan Gaspard
Published: July 2011

Africa has been hesitant to adopt agricultural biotechnology, lagging behind global trends over the past decade. One exception is Burkina Faso, a West African country that commercially released 125,000 ha of Bt cotton in 2009. Bt cotton may serve as a working example of how African countries can enhance sustainability using modern, science-driven technology to increase production levels while reducing input use and energy consumption. This paper reports the potential impact that Bt cotton can have on sustainability in Burkina Faso’s cotton sector based by summarizing empirical evidence from previously published studies. Based on the summary of published data collected from six years of field trials and producer surveys, Bt cotton increased cotton yields by an average of 21.3% and raised income by $106.14 per ha. Using an energy balance model, the introduction of Bt cotton would also result in a 6.6% saving in energy use. The significant increase in productivity and economic returns could be the catalyst for Burkina Faso, and other African countries, to emerge from the decade or so of stagnation and regain their competitive stance in world cotton markets while providing environmental and social benefits.
Quantitative analysis of the intramedullary arterial supply of the feline tibia
Authors: Rochat M. , Ritchey J. , Payton M. , Dugat D.
Published: July 2011

Objectives: To quantitatively describe the intramedullary arterial supply of the adult feline tibia and determine if the arterial supply is significantly different from that of adult small dogs.

Methods: Cadaveric feline and canine pelvic limbs were obtained to prospectively investigate the intramedullary arterial supply of the tibia. A microvascular injection and modified Spalteholz bone clearing technique were used to characterize and quantify the intramedullary arterial supply of the tibia. Statistical comparisons were made between cats and dogs for the percentage of intramedullary arterial supply (arterial density) and the diameter of the nutrient artery.

Results: No significant difference was observed in the intramedullary arterial density between dog and cat tibiae. The feline nutrient artery diameter (0.55 ± 0.1 mm) was significantly greater than the canine nutrient artery (0.30 ± 0.04 mm) in the distal section of bone. Dogs subjectively had a greater number of branching vessels in the distal and mid-diaphyseal sections of bone when compared to cats.

Clinical significance: Delayed fracture healing in the feline tibia does not appear to be associated with a lack of intramedullary arterial supply. A lack of diffuse arborization of the arterial supply to the middle and distal feline tibia may explain, at least in part, why feline tibial delayed or nonunions may be more common than in canine tibial fractures.
A 10‐gene phylogeny of Solanum section Herpystichum (Solanaceae) and a comparison of phylogenetic methods
Authors: Tepe Eric J. , Farruggia Frank T. , Bohs Lynn
Published: July 2011

• Premise of the study: Solanum section Herpystichum is a lineage that comprises both widespread and very narrowly distributed species. This study investigates the phylogenetic relationships of sect. Herpystichum and evaluates several phylogenetic methods for analysis of multiple sequences.

• Methods: Sequence data from seven nuclear (ITS, GBSSI, and five COSII) and three plastid (psbA–trnH, trnT–trnF, and trnS–trnG) regions were concatenated and analyzed under maximum parsimony and Bayesian criteria. In addition, we used two analytical methods that take into account differences in topologies resulting from the analyses of the individual markers: Bayesian Estimation of Species Trees (BEST) and supertree analysis.

• Key results: The monophyletic Solanum sect. Herpystichum was resolved with moderate support in the concatenated maximum parsimony and Bayesian analyses and the supertree analysis, and relationships within the section were well‐resolved and strongly supported. The BEST topology, however, was poorly resolved. Also, because of how BEST deals with missing sequences, >25% of our accessions, including two species, had to be excluded from the analyses. Our results indicate a progenitor‐descendent relationship with two species nested within the widespread S. evolvulifolium.

• Conclusions: Analytical methods that consider individual topologies are important for studies based on multiple molecular markers. On the basis of analyses in this study, BEST had the serious shortcoming that taxa with missing sequences must be removed from the analysis or they can produce spurious topologies. Supertree analysis provided a good alternative for our data by allowing the inclusion of all 10 species of sect. Herpystichum.
Microsatellites for mahoganies: Twelve new loci for Swietenia macrophylla and its high transferability to Khaya senegalensis
Authors: Lemes Maristerra R. , Esashika Thana , Gaoue Orou G.
Published: July 2011

• Premise of the study: A new set of 12 microsatellite markers was developed and characterized for big‐leaf mahogany (Swietenia macrophylla King, Meliaceae) and its transferability assayed in the African mahogany, Khaya senegalensis (Desr.) A. Juss. (Meliaceae), to study population and conservation genetics of these threatened tropical timber species.

•Methods and Results: Using an enriched library approach twelve novel microsatellite loci were identified for S. macrophylla. The number of alleles per locus ranged from 5 to 14 and mean observed and expected heterozygosities were 0.819 and 0.822, respectively. Twenty microsatellite loci developed for S. macrophylla (12 from this study and eight previously published) were tested for K. senegalensis and 10 polymorphic were characterized.

•Conclusions: The results show the highly informative content of the new SSR loci for Swietenia macrophylla and the high effectiveness of these microsatellites for population genetics, gene flow, and mating system studies in Khaya senegalensis.
Citrobacter Peritonitis: Two Cases and Review of the Literature
Authors: Gursu Meltem , Aydin Zeki , Pehlivanoglu Filiz , Ozturk Savas , Karadag Serhat , Uzun Sami , Tatli Emel , Kazancioglu Rumeyza
Published: July 2011

One of the uncommon gram negative organisms causing peritonitis in peritoneal dialysis patients is Citrobacter. Because of this organism's resistant nature, treatment for Citrobacter peritonitis may be difficult, and removal of the catheter may be necessary in refractory cases. Here we present 2 cases of peritonitis caused by this organism and fully treated with antibiotics. The literature contains only a limited number of reports on Citrobacter peritonitis, mostly case reports or portions of general papers about the microbiological spectrum of peritonitis in the relevant units. Until enough data about this micro-organism have been accumulated to map out an approach, it is wise to individualize treatment by watching the response of the patient during the wait for the antibiogram result and not to hesitate to remove the catheter if the clinical situation deteriorates.
Abacavir Coadministration Does Not Interfere with the Suppressive Activity of Ribavirin in An HCV Replicon System
Authors: Van den Eynde Eva , Quer Josep , Cubero María , Curran Adriá , Homs María , Garcia-Cehic Damir , Falco Vicenç , Ribera Esteban , Esteban Juan I , Pahissa Albert , Crespo Manuel
Published: July 2011

Background

HCV is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in HIV-coinfected patients. Several observational studies have suggested that HCV response to pegylated interferon and ribavirin is lower in HIV-coinfected patients treated with abacavir. It has been postulated that abacavir could compete with ribavirin to be phosphorylated, leading to a reduction in the active form of the drug (triphosphorylated ribavirin). Here, we studied the effect of abacavir, tenofovir or lamivudine addition on the suppressive activity of ribavirin in an HCV RNA replicon system.

Methods

We used the human hepatoma HuH-7 cell clone 9B containing the HCV genotype 1b replicon I389/ NS3-3’. Cells were treated for 24 h with ribavirin (0, 10 and 50 μM) plus abacavir, tenofovir or lamivudine at doses of 0, 10 and 50 μM and HCV RNA production was quantified by real-time PCR in triplicate assays. Results were expressed as mean ±sd of the HCV RNA produced per cell (log10 IU/cell). Means were compared using the Student's t-test.

Results

Ribavirin treatment produced a dose-dependent suppression of HCV RNA production by the replicon system. Combination of ribavirin and interferon resulted in an additive antiviral activity. The addition of abacavir did not modify the suppressive activity of ribavirin on the replicon HCV RNA expression. Similar results were obtained when ribavirin was used in combination with tenofovir or lamivudine.

Conclusions

In a subgenomic HCV RNA replicon system, the antiviral effect of ribavirin was not modified by the addition of abacavir, tenofovir or lamivudine.
Cutaneous Mycobacterium kansasii infection in a patient with AIDS post initiation of antiretroviral therapy
Authors: Mitha Mohammed , Naicker Preneshni , Taljaard Jantjie
Published: July 2011

The HIV pandemic has resulted in unique clinical presentations in patients, and their diagnosis and management pose challenges to physicians in the developing world.  Due to limited resources and difficulties in laboratory diagnosis, most physicians treat according to the most likely etiological agent that might be causing the disease. In South Africa, when acid-fast bacilli are detected, anti-tuberculous treatment is commenced. However, it must be realized that not all acid-fast bacilli are Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and that there are nontuberculous mycobacteria that can cause infections. Clinicians should work closely with the medical microbiologist when unique cases arise to ensure optimal microbial detection, identification, and patient management. This paper describes a very rare case of self-resolving cutaneous Mycobacterium kansasii infection following the initiation of antiretroviral therapy and potentially associated with immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome.
Molecular and serological assessment of parvovirus B19 infections among sickle cell anemia patients
Authors: Obeid Obeid E
Published: July 2011

Introduction: Parvovirus B19 is a cause of hemolysis and red blood cell aplasia in patients with sickle cell anemia. The present study aimed to assess parvovirus B19 infection among sickle cell anemia patients. Methodology: All patients (n = 138) included in the study were sickle cell anemia patients. Blood donors were used as a control group. Assessment of parvovirus B19 antibodies and viral DNA was performed using established methods of detection and B19 recomBlot assay. Results: Detectable levels of parvovirus B19 IgG were found in 52 samples (37.6%) whereas anti-parvovirus B19 IgM antibodies were detected in four (2.89 %) patients of the sickle-cell anemia group. Anti-B19 IgM-positive samples contained B19-viral DNA.  These four patients presented with fever, malaise, pallor and no cutaneous rash. Anti-parvovirus B19 antibodies were detected in 22 (39.3%) of the control blood donors group. Anti-parvovirus B19 IgM antibodies were not detected in the control group. Using the recomBlot assay, 58 test samples (42%) were found to contain detectable levels of Parvovirus B19 antibodies. All the samples that were positive for parvovirus B19 IgG by the ELISA were also positive by the recomBlot assay. Six samples were only positive by the recomBlot assay and not by the ELISA. Two of these six samples were positive for B19 viral DNA. Conclusions: Establishing the extent of parvovirus B19 infection in sickle cell anemia patients will help in proper management of aplastic crisis in such patients. The B19 recomBlot assay may be suitable as a confirmatory assay.
Application of a point-of-care test for the serodiagnosis of typhoid fever in Nigeria and the need for improved diagnostics
Authors: Smith Stella Ifeanyi , Bamidele Moses , Fowora Muinah , Goodluck Helen T. , Omonigbehin Emmanuel A. , Akinsinde Kehinde A. , Fesobi Toun , Pastoor Rob , Abdoel Theresia H. , Smits Henk L.
Published: July 2011

Introduction: There is an urgent need for affordable point-of-care diagnostics for the differentiation of febrile illnesses and the confirmation of typhoid in endemic countries. Methodology: Blood samples were collected from febrile patients with clinical suspicion of typhoid and screened for typhoid fever using the Widal and Typhi Dri Dot tests, while stool and blood samples were screened for Salmonella Typhi using the culture method as well as PCR as a confirmatory test. Results: A high proportion of febrile patients from Lagos with clinical suspicion of typhoid fever reacted positively in a simple and rapid latex agglutination assay for typhoid fever, indicating that this illness is a common and presumably under-diagnosed health problem in this metropolis. Seropositivity was 19.2% in the rapid test compared with 22.9% in the classical Widal test. The confirmation of typhoid in these seropositive patients appeared cumbersome because of negative blood cultures and low DNA yield in molecular testing. A review of the literature revealed that in Nigeria seroprevalence rates can be high in the normal population and that pathogens other than S. Typhi are often isolated from the blood of seropositive febrile patients. Conclusion: The simplicity and the relatively high specificity (97.8%) of the rapid test as determined in a study performed in Indonesia calls for a further validation of this promising test for use in Africa.
Alexis de Tocqueville y su daguerrotipo del homo democraticus
Authors: Aramayo Roberto R.
Published: July 2011

Tocqueville y sus reflexiones en torno a los avatares de la democracia cobran una inusitada vigencia con las movilizaciones generada por el espíritu del 15M. Como cualquier otro clásico que se precie de merecer tal nombre, sus escritos aciertan a la hora de plantear los problemas y suscitar diagnósticos que no han perdido su capacidad para hacernos repensar las reglas del juego democrático. Siguiendo el paradójico destino de su bisabuelo Malesherbes, quien defendió los derechos del pueblo ante Luis XVI y luego a éste frente al tribunal revolucionario, el aristocrático Tocqueville se convertiría en un paladín de la imparable revolución democrática, sin dejar de analizar los potenciales peligros entrañados por ésta. Su comparación entre las revoluciones americana y francesa le serviría para definir a los atributos del homo democraticus. El texto pretende servir de presentación a los materiales recogidos en este número.
El descubrimiento de la democracia: La modernización y el agotamiento de la imaginación
Authors: Sauquillo Julián
Published: July 2011

Este artículo indaga en el diagnóstico de la modernidad realizado por Alexis de Tocqueville. Su crítica del agotamiento de la imaginación en la acción colectiva, con la emergencia de la democracia moderna, subraya las contradicciones del mundo contemporáneo: un alto nivel de bienestar coincide con el declive del interés por las cuestiones públicas, la normalización de los comportamientos y el apoderamiento del espacio público de participación por la maquinaria administrativa. Tocqueville y Mill abren un diagnóstico crítico de la modernidad que será proseguido por Weber y la Escuela de Frankfurt.
Individuo y ciudadano: La cuestión del sujeto en La democracia en América de A. de Tocqueville
Authors: Ros Cherta Juan Manuel
Published: July 2011

En las interpretaciones más relevantes se asume que el asunto principal que trata Tocqueville en La Democracia en América es el de la tensión entre igualdad y libertad. El presente artículo sugiere que hay otro tema más importante y con frecuencia ignorado: a saber, el del sujeto democrático. Tocqueville aborda la cuestión criticando las ilusiones del individualismo y esbozando las líneas maestras de una antroponomía democrática.
Religión y capital social en La democracia en América
Authors: De Salas Jaime
Published: July 2011

La intención del artículo consiste en mostrar las dos formas de desarrollar la religión en La democracia de América. La segunda se relaciona con la noción de capital social de Robert Putnam. Asimismo se asocia la doctrina de las costumbres con la noción de creencia en Ortega.
Sobre la tarea política de construcción de la igualdad social: un abordaje de las ideas de Tocqueville
Authors: Esser dos Reis Helena
Published: July 2011

La fuerza de las palabras presentes en la introducción de La Democracia en América predispone al lector a considerar que la igualdad social de condiciones advendrá por si misma, queriendo los hombres o no. No obstante, me parece que esta introducción no debe ser leída independientemente del texto que antecede, ni de las demás obras de Tocqueville que nos hacen comprender, en primer lugar, que hay un vínculo directo entre condiciones sociales y políticas y, en segundo lugar, que este vínculo implica una mutua determinación. En este sentido, es bastante ilustrativo el análisis de Tocqueville sobre los procesos de industrialización norteamericano y de éxodo rural e industrialización en Inglaterra y Irlanda en inicios del siglo XIX. En ambos casos, el autor observa que el nuevo sistema industrial produce, además de bienes materiales, dos clases antagónicas e inalterables que conforman el escenario social y político. Basado en estos análisis, Tocqueville denuncia las relaciones difíciles entre el ámbito social y el político. De esta manera, en la jornada sobre la vigencia del pensamiento de Aléxis de Tocqueville, que nos remite a pensar el presente a partir de sus ideas, nuestro propósito será analizar la tensión en la determinación recíproca existente entre la igualdad de condiciones sociales y la libertad política para, entonces, discutir el compromiso político (de las instituciones del estado y de la acción de los ciudadanos) de construir condiciones sociales que garanticen la libertad y la igualdad como un derecho común a todos los ciudadanos.
El individuo moderno: entre el animal industrioso y la libertad política
Authors: Cadahia María Luciana
Published: July 2011

En este artículo trabajo las paradojas vinculadas al surgimiento de la figura del individualismo dentro de las democracias liberales. Para articular estas paradojas, tomaré como guía las reflexiones llevadas a cabo por Tocqueville en La Democracia en América. Esto me permitirá pensar de qué modo se han establecido las conexiones entre individuo y democracia. En primer lugar, estudiaré algunos inconvenientes del discurso de la Democracia deliberativa, puesto que desarticularé el vínculo entre el concepto de liberalismo y el concepto de democracia allí presente. Por un lado, Mostraré la imposibilidad para pensar la democracia a partir de un modelo originario. Por otro, examinaré la imposibilidad de fijar un enlace necesario entre democracia y liberalismo. En segundo lugar, examinaré los límites del discurso neoliberal. Intentaré caracterizar los problemas del supuesto que sostiene toda la teoría: el individuo como eje que articula el discurso. Finalmente, desarrollaré la importancia de pensar un vínculo contingente entre estos dos términos, con el objeto de recuperar el concepto de libertad política como elemento imprescindible para reactivar el momento revolucionario del discurso democrático.
Hacia la definición de un nuevo liberalismo. El pensamiento tardío de Ortega y Gasset
Authors: Villacañas Berlanga José Luis
Published: July 2011

Este ensayo muestra la incapacidad teórica de Ortega para hacerse con el pensamiento de Tocqueville. Esta incapacidad estaba determinada por una serie de posiciones y prejuicios sobre el destino de la vida americana, por un eurocentrismo militante inadecuado y por un liberalismo mal entendido. La consecuencia desde luego fue la imposibilidad de asumir la tesis principal de Tocqueville, la democracia como destino. La interrupción abrupta de la lectura del autor francés, al regreso del exilio español, se convirtió así en un síntoma de la bancarrota de un pensamiento.
Realidad, mito y deseo. La mirada grecolatina de Aurora Luque
Authors: Virtanen Ricardo
Published: July 2011

La poesía de Aurora Luque representa una de las poéticas más representativas de nuestra contemporaneidad, ubicada dentro de un culturalismo grecista, donde mito y realidad se conjugan dentro de la cotidianidad. La poesía de Luque se caracteriza por su ironía, desenfado, frivolidad y desdramatización. El artículo presenta una serie de poemas donde se produce una desmitificación del elemento clásico. Una poesía marcada por algunos topoi como el carpe diem o el odio et amo catuliano, siempre representados desde una mirada desenfada y dominada por el espíritu del Eros. El artículo destaca además el juego de intertextualidad –en seguimiento de Catulo– así como la vocación epicúrea de la autora.
The Rise of Student-to-Student Learning: Youth-led Programs Impacting Engineering Education Globally
Authors: O'Shea Julian , Delaine David A
Published: July 2011

Around the globe, students and young engineers are playing an increasing role in the coordination and delivery of engineering education programs. Many youth-led initiatives are now conducted with students involved in all aspects of their creation, organisation and delivery. This trend presents an exciting opportunity for the education of engineering students, both those involved in delivery of the courses and for participants.

This paper profiles four leading youth-led engineering education programs and analyses their structure and growth in recent years. Profiled are initiatives coordinated by Engineers Without Borders â?? Australia (EWB-A); the Board of European Students of Technology (BEST); the Electrical Engineering Studentsâ?? European Association (EESTEC); and the Student Platform for Engineering Education Development (SPEED). Each case study includes a brief history of the organisation, program overview, growth analysis and future projections.

The common features amongst these programs were analysed, as were the aspects which made them distinct from traditional university offerings. Key findings about the initiatives include: an international focus; the mixture of formal learning and social aspects; an integral role of volunteers within the organisation; the use of residential programs; and the role of internal professional development of committee members and volunteers.

Additionally, this paper outlines the benefits for universities and provides a guide for how engineering faculties can support and nurture these initiatives and effectively create partnerships.
Cutting Edge: Regulator of G Protein Signaling-1 Selectively Regulates Gut T Cell Trafficking and Colitic Potential
Authors: Gibbons Deena L. , Abeler-Dörner Lucie , Raine Tim , Hwang Il-Young , Jandke Anett , Wencker Melanie , Deban Livija , Rudd Christopher E. , Irving Peter M. , Kehrl John H. , Hayday Adrian C.
Published: July 2011

The RGS1 gene is associated with celiac disease, multiple sclerosis, and type I diabetes, which are all T cell-mediated pathologies, yet there is no reported analysis of regulator of G protein signaling (RGS)1 biology in human T cells. This study shows that RGS1 expression is substantially higher in T cells from human gut versus peripheral blood and that this can be exaggerated in intestinal inflammation. Elevated RGS1 levels profoundly reduce T cell migration to lymphoid-homing chemokines, whereas RGS1 depletion selectively enhances such chemotaxis in gut T cells and impairs their colitogenic potential. These findings provide a revised framework in which to view the linkage of RGS1 to inflammatory disease.
In Vivo Analysis of Uropod Function during Physiological T Cell Trafficking
Authors: Soriano Silvia F. , Hons Miroslav , Schumann Kathrin , Kumar Varsha , Dennier Timo J. , Lyck Ruth , Sixt Michael , Stein Jens V.
Published: July 2011

Migrating lymphocytes acquire a polarized phenotype with a leading and a trailing edge, or uropod. Although in vitro experiments in cell lines or activated primary cell cultures have established that Rho-p160 coiled-coil kinase (ROCK)-myosin II-mediated uropod contractility is required for integrin de-adhesion on two-dimensional surfaces and nuclear propulsion through narrow pores in three-dimensional matrices, less is known about the role of these two events during the recirculation of primary, nonactivated lymphocytes. Using pharmacological antagonists of ROCK and myosin II, we report that inhibition of uropod contractility blocked integrin-independent mouse T cell migration through narrow, but not large, pores in vitro. T cell crawling on chemokine-coated endothelial cells under shear was severely impaired by ROCK inhibition, whereas transendothelial migration was only reduced through endothelial cells with high, but not low, barrier properties. Using three-dimensional thick-tissue imaging and dynamic two-photon microscopy of T cell motility in lymphoid tissue, we demonstrated a significant role for uropod contractility in intraluminal crawling and transendothelial migration through lymph node, but not bone marrow, endothelial cells. Finally, we demonstrated that ICAM-1, but not anatomical constraints or integrin-independent interactions, reduced parenchymal motility of inhibitor-treated T cells within the dense lymphoid microenvironment, thus assigning context-dependent roles for uropod contraction during lymphocyte recirculation.
Utility of a limited panel of calretinin and Ber-EP4 immunocytochemistry on cytospin preparation of serous effusions:
A cost-effective measure in resource-limited settings
Authors: Arora Raman , Agarwal Shipra , Mathur Sandeep R , Verma Kusum , Iyer Venkateswaran K , Aron Manju
Published: July 2011

Background:

Differentiation between reactive, but morphologically atypical, mesothelial cells and adenocarcinoma in effusions can be problematic. Elaborate immunohistochemical panels have been devised. Techniques like DNA analysis, flow/image cytometry, and K-ras mutation analysis are research oriented and difficult to perform in routine, especially in resource-poor centers. We evaluated the efficacy of a limited two-antibody panel comprising calretinin and Ber-EP4 on cytospin and cell block preparations, in 100 effusion samples.

Materials and Methods:

Fifty cases of reactive mesothelial hyperplasia and 50 cases of adenocarcinoma diagnosed by cytomorphology in ascitic/pleural fluid specimens over a 2-year period were assessed. The diagnoses were confirmed by clinical/histopathologic correlation. Cytospin smears were made in all. Cell blocks were prepared, wherever adequate fluid was available. Immunocytochemistry (ICC) for calretinin and Ber-EP4 was performed.

Results:

Forty-five of the reactive effusion cases (90%) were calretinin reactive and Ber-EP4 negative. Among the adenocarcinoma cases, 49 (98%) were calretinin negative but Ber-EP4 positive. Thus, both calretinin and Ber-EP4 had a high sensitivity (90% and 98%, respectively), as well as a high specificity (100% and 86%, respectively). In the 21 reactive mesothelial cases, whose cell blocks were made, results were comparable to those on cytospin. However, of the 19 adenocarcinoma cases in which cell blocks were prepared, all were Ber-EP4 immunopositive except for three, which were positive on cytospin, implying false-negative results on cell blocks.

Conclusions:

A limited panel of two monoclonal antibodies, calretinin and Ber-EP4, may be useful in cytology, as a “primary antibody panel”, for accurate diagnosis and patient management. Additionally, ICC can be performed easily on cytospin preparations, which gave results comparable to cell blocks in our study.
Transgenic and Knockout Mice Models to Reveal the Functions of Tumor Suppressor Genes
Authors: Taneja Pankaj , Zhu Sinan , Maglic Dejan , Fry Eizabeth A. , Kendig Robert D. , Inoue Kazushi
Published: July 2011

Cancer is caused by multiple genetic alterations leading to uncontrolled cell proliferation through multiple pathways. Malignant cells arise from a variety of genetic factors, such as mutations in tumor suppressor genes (TSGs) that are involved in regulating the cell cycle, apoptosis, or cell differentiation, or maintenance of genomic integrity. Tumor suppressor mouse models are the most frequently used animal models in cancer research. The anti-tumorigenic functions of TSGs, and their role in development and differentiation, and inhibition of oncogenes are discussed. In this review, we summarize some of the important transgenic and knockout mouse models for TSGs, including Rb, p53, Ink4a/Arf, Brca1/2, and their related genes.
Avaliação da linguagem documentária decs na área de fonoaudiologia na perspectiva do usuário: estudo de observação da recuperação da informação com protocolo verbal
Authors: Boccato Vera Regina Casari , Fujita Mariângela Spotti Lopes
Published: July 2011

A proposta deste estudo é avaliar, pela observação do usuário, a linguagem documentária. Descritores em Ciências da Saúde (DeCS), na área de Fonoaudiologia, utilizada para a recuperação da informação no sistema de informação da Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS), produzido pelo Centro Latino-Americano e do Caribe de Informação em Ciências da Saúde (BIREME), por meio da técnica do protocolo verbal, pelo fato de os pesquisadores da área de Fonoaudiologia necessitarem de um sistema de informação que utilize uma linguagem documentária que represente os valores e a cultura desse sistema em que ela está inserida. Com essa proposição, tem-se por objetivo contribuir para o aperfeiçoamento da linguagem documentária DeCS, visando melhor representatividade terminológica na área da Fonoaudiologia brasileira como fator determinante para o desenvolvimento de pesquisas científicas de qualidade. A abordagem metodológica empregada foi à qualitativa-cognitiva, tendo sido a técnica do protocolo verbal aplicada em pesquisadores (sujeitos) do Departamento de Fonoaudiologia da Faculdade de Odontologia de Bauru da Universidade de São Paulo (FOB-USP), representantes das quatro especialidades formadoras da área: Linguagem, Audiologia, Voz e Motricidade Oral para a realização da coleta de dados. A análise das transcrições desses protocolos demonstrou o bom desempenho da metodologia empregada, bem como possibilitou uma reflexão sobre essas declarações revelando que a linguagem DeCS, em Fonoaudiologia, conduziu as buscas a resultados insatisfatórios quanto à recuperação da informação apontando ocorrências relevantes como a insuficiência da quantidade de termos genéricos e/ou específicos representativos da área de fonoaudiologia; a necessidade da atualização de termos disponíveis na linguagem com relação à terminologia encontrada na literatura científica da área e adotada pelos especialistas; a hierarquização de termos em categorias de assuntos não equivalentes aos seus conceitos, a tradução de diversos termos da língua inglesa para a portuguesa, e desta para a inglesa, não correspondendo ao equivalente utilizado na área de fonoaudiologia, entre outras. Conclui-se que se faz necessário o aprimoramento do DeCS na área de Fonoaudiologia e, para tanto, recomenda-se a BIREME a construção de uma categoria específica nessa área, para a efetiva representação terminológica em consonância com a empregada na literatura e utilizada pela comunidade científica brasileira.
Competências demandadas dos bibliotecários frente às novas tecnologias de informação em bibliotecas universitárias
Authors: Santos Angela Sikorski , Tolfo Suzana da Rosa
Published: July 2011

O objetivo geral desta pesquisa foi identificar as competências demandadas aos bibliotecários tendo em vista a implantação de tecnologias de informação em Bibliotecas Universitárias. O estudo do fenômeno ocorreu por meio do estudo de casos (multicasos), predominantemente qualitativos, com a coleta de dados primários (entrevistas e observação) e secundários (documentos). Os resultados demonstram que houve impactos decorrentes da introdução de tecnologias de informação, mas que as entrevistadas não verificaram impactos maiores em decorrência da preparação para o uso das tecnologias. Quanto a demanda de competências que devem ser desenvolvidas com a introdução de novas tecnologias da informação, as bibliotecárias entrevistadas destacaram as seguintes: trabalho em equipe, saber gerenciar recursos humanos, ser dinâmica, compartilhar informações, ter um conjunto de habilidades, aptidões, atitudes e comportamentos para colocar em prática tudo o que se sabe com eficiência e eficácia.
Identificación de nombres personales por medio de sistemas de codificación fonética
Authors: Gálvez Carmen
Published: July 2011

La necesidad de identificar las variantes de los nombres personales es un problema muy conocido en diversas aplicaciones, tales como los sistemas de recuperación de información (SRI), las bibliotecas digitales, las bases de datos de pacientes en un hospital, los sistemas de reservas aéreas, o los sistemas de censo. Los métodos de codificación fonética constituyen uno de los procedimientos para la solución de este problema, permitiendo obtener cadenas canónicas o normalizadas. Estos sistemas se engloban dentro de las técnicas generales de equiparación aproximada de cadenas. En este trabajo se realiza una revisión de los procesos que utilizan los sistemas Soundex, Daitch-Mokotoff Soundex, Phonix, Metaphone y NYSIIS para la asignación de claves fonéticas. La codificación fonética permite reducir a una forma común aquellos nombres personales que son similares en cuanto a su pronunciación, haciendo más sencilla la comparación de una cadena con otra, debido a que se almacena el código generado en lugar del nombre completo. Sin embargo, la principal limitación de estos sistemas es que son dependientes del lenguaje utilizado, lo que hace necesario la realización de modificaciones de acuerdo al idioma que se va a emplear.
A ciência e o novo estado do conhecimento: a contribuição da ciência da informação
Authors: Santos Raimundo Nonato Macedo dos , Eliel Regiane Alcântara , Eliel Oscar
Published: July 2011

Em face do novo estado do conhecimento, marcado basicamente pela sua despersonalização, credibilidade e fragmentação - decorrência do aumento vertiginoso do volume de informação e do conhecimento existente -, a Ciência da Informação, cujo objeto de estudo é a informação, contribui para a produção do conhecimento científico. Seu objetivo é pesquisar e desenvolver processos e técnicas, apropriando-se de tecnologias de informação, das teorias da cognição e do conhecimento para que a informação produza os efeitos desejados: buscar garantir a apreensão de sentido ou de mudança de estado de consciência em seu significado, ou seja, o conhecimento. Concretiza-se, assim, o caráter social da ciência. Refletindo sobre os fundamentos da Ciência da Informação, pretende-se demonstrar que as operações de construção, comunicação e uso que se processam sobre o seu objeto de estudo materializam-se em sistemas de recuperação de informação. Na prática, tais sistemas consistem em colocar em correspondência uma representação de necessidade de um pesquisador, de uma comunidade científica, com uma representação do conteúdo dos documentos, por meio de uma função de comparação que avalia a pertinência e a relevância dos documentos, de forma que as informações recuperadas representem o estado da arte do conhecimento científico em determinado campo do conhecimento.
Cognição situada: fundamentos e relações com a ciência da informação
Authors: Venâncio Ludmila Salomão , Borges Mônica Erichsen Nassif
Published: July 2011

Discute os fundamentos da abordagem cognitiva denominada Cognição Situada e estabelece relações com a Ciência da Informação. Apresenta os conceitos de informação e conhecimento definidos pelas abordagens atuais sobre a cognição humana e, ao final, evidencia perspectivas para o relacionamento entre os dois campos de conhecimento.
A inteligência empresarial e a biologia do conhecer: uma análise exploratório-qualitativa do setor de pequenas e médias empresas de consultoria de Belo Horizonte
Authors: Pereira Frederico Cesar Mafra , Borges Mônica Erichsen Nassif
Published: July 2011

Este artigo busca contribuir para a ampliação dos estudos sobre Inteligência Empresarial e sua relação com o enfoque cognitivo da Biologia do Conhecer, a partir da observação de empresas de consultoria de pequeno e médio porte, tendo como referencial teórico a abordagem cognitiva da Biologia do Conhecer, de Maturana, utilizado nos estudos de Borges em sua tese de doutorado.
Bibliotecas virtuais e desenvolvimento de coleções: o caso dos repertórios de sites web
Authors: Leroux Eric
Published: July 2011

A avaliação de sites Web e dos diferentes recursos eletrônicos constitui um campo de trabalho cada vez mais importante para o bibliotecário realizar a gestão e o desenvolvimento de coleções em bibliotecas. Este artigo pretende mostrar como o bibliotecário pode intervir em todas as etapas do processo de criação de uma biblioteca virtual, a partir da elaboração de uma política de desenvolvimento de coleções eletrônicas até a organização ergonômica dos recursos, passando pela determinação, seleção e avaliação dos sites Web.