bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PROSPECTS OF NEWLY DISCOVERED UGUR AREA IN THE NORTHWEST OF THE GEDABEY ORE DISTRICT (LESSER CAUCASUS, AZERBAIJAN)
Authors: Imamverdiyev N. , Baba-zadeh V. , Mursalov S. , Valiyev A. , Mansurov M. , Ismayilova A.
Published: July 2021

The article describes Ugur exploration area located in Gedabey Ore District of the Lesser Caucasus in NW of Azerbaijan. Results of trenches and channels sampling on the surface, RC bore holes and summary of significant drill intercepts (>0.29 ppm Au) of Ugur Exploration area are presented. It has been established that The deposit is enlarged by highly gold-silver result of surface outcrop rock chip samples over an area of 2.5 kms North-South by 2 kms East-West, with the Reza gold deposit located in the central part. Out of metallic minerals crystalline hematite was observed. On surface intensive barite and barite-hematite vein and veinlets, also gossan zones were observed. The main mineralization zones have been sampled in three trenches at a distance up to 270 m by trenches #1, #2 and #3 and received positive results for gold and silver. Also there have taken approximately 550 samples from outcrop #1 and #2. On the main orebody at surface centre there occured secondary quartzites with vein-veinlets barite-hematite mineralization over which there remain accumulations of hydrous ferric oxides cementing breccias of quartz and quartzites. And in erosion parts "reddish mass" being oxidation product of stock and stockverk hematite ores were observed. Representing typical gossans, these accumulations by the data of trenches for thickness about 5-10 m contain gold 0.3-2.0 ppm and silver 1.0-15.0 ppm. Ten diamond drill holes, named UGDD 01-10 were drilled in the center part of the deposit. The drill holes were sampled mainly in 1 meter lengths from the top of the hole to the bottom. The core samples were marked and placed into standard boxes. Significant intervals of weighted averages greater than 0.29 ppm over down hole intervals of 1 metres or greater (>0.29 ppm Au and >0.9 m) are summarized in table 3 below. In conclusion, the outcropping alteration at the deposit is typical of the upper steam-heated levels of high-sulfidation epithermal (HSE) deposits, which in most mineralized systems of this type, may cap higher-grade gold mineralization which is hosted by underlying vuggy and oxide zones.
THE CORRELATION BETWEEN LAND AND SUBSOIL USE WHEN USING UNDERGROUND SPACE
Authors: Kharytonova T. , Nosik V. , Kostruba A. , Mikhailov V. , Kurilo M.
Published: July 2021

There is a strong bonding of categories when we are to consider problems connected with land. The constant development of social relations brings the necessity to notice what is vital for the legislation to follow those changes. In that order, there is unambiguity in resolving land disputes, particularly about subsoil use. The spatial use of land rights raises a question of clear legislative criteria for their application. For us, it refers to the consideration of the "upper" and "lower" limits of rights distribution. Accordingly, this article investigates the rules of legislation for land and subsoil use. The object of the study is legal problems arising from social relations regarding land and subsoil use. As for the methodology, the following methods were used: analysis, synthesis, deduction, induction, abstraction, generalization, historical and legal methods, formal-legal (dogmatic) method, comparative-legal and sociological-legal methods, legal modeling, and critical-legal method. It has been concluded that domestic legal doctrine includes two approaches to the distribution of owner's rights for the underground space. Additionally, there is a problem of legal demarcation between land and subsoil use. As a result of the study, we offer some ways to solve this issue.
BUILDING AND LEADING TEAMS: UNIVERSITY PERSPECTIVE ON EDUCATING STUDENTS AND DEVELOPING PROFESSIONALS IN PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION AND BUSINESS ORGANIZATIONS
Authors: Sherm Alex
Published: July 2021

One of the key principles of university preparation and development of the new generation of future practitioners and scholars in the field of public and business administration is team forming, development, leading, synergizing, and managing methodologies. The paper discusses increasing the role of University professors' leadership in online interactive team learning in the post-pandemic era, team-building strategies in online team learning, team synergy as a core key to teams' success, its concepts and elements, as well as evolving from conflict to synergy.
Evidence-Based Approach in the Social Area: Basic Concepts and Guidelines, History, Prospects
Authors: Busygina N.P. , Podushkina T.G. , Stanilevsky V.V.
Published: July 2021

The article is devoted to the development of the evidence-based approach in the field of psychological and social practices. The article analyzes the concept of evidence-based practice, its main aspects and components. The authors show that the transfer of the evidence-based approach from medicine, where it originated, to the social sphere was accompanied by significant changes in the very concept of evidence-based practice. Reliance on scientific research of the effects of practice remains the main principle of the evidence-based approach, but in the field of psychosocial practices, the emphasis on the role of interpersonal interaction in the implementation of the practice, involving all its participants in decision-making, including patients/clients/beneficiaries, is no less significant. Unlike medicine, where priority is given to randomized controlled trials, the empirical justification of social practices can be based on other methodologies too, including quasi-experimental studies and even qualitative case descriptions. The danger of bureaucratization of the social sphere due to the introduction of the evidence-based approach is discussed. According to the authors, there is a tendency to understand evidence-based practice as a choice from a limited number of decisions supported by research and/or supported by donors. However, this simplified “drug model”, although convenient for funding organizations, does not correspond to the essence of the evidence-based approach. Proponents of the evidence-based approach certainly support practitioners to use practices with a solid empirical basis, but at the same time to focus on the entire context of interaction with a patient/client, their needs and the capabilities of the social support system.
Utilizing Strategic Management and Planning to Improve Child Welfare Outcomes
Authors: Sakhonchik C.
Published: July 2021

This article should be treated as a tool for thinking about or rethinking how strategic management and planning can be used to achieve better outcomes for the children and families serviced by social service systems. The article summarizes some of the challenges facing the field of child welfare; identifies the benefits of utilizing strategic management and planning to improve outcomes, create accountability and achieve sustainable system reform; and explores relevant research on strategic management and planning for governmental agencies and non-profit organizations.
Peculiarity of Efficiency Assessment for Educational and Psychological Interventions Used with Children with ASD
Authors: Sorokin A.B. , Davydova E.Y. , Khaustov A.V.
Published: July 2021

Timely identification of appropriate intervention is prerequisite for amelioration of deficits in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). It is a complicated choice because of the high heterogeneity of ASD manifestations and insufficient state of knowledge about intervention efficiency. The article introduces an approach that will allow professionals who plan educational and psychological interventions for children with ASD and caregivers to assess the methods in terms of their congruence with the evidence-based criteria. Such assessment is conducted based on published experimental data. The article presents characteristics that are worth considering while making an informed decision about the preferred intervention. They include formal features, such as sample sizes, study length, compliance with the target group description, and validity, as well as subjective criteria that enable appropriate choice of intervention at the individual level.
Fernando DURÁN LÓPEZ (ed.), «Instituciones censoras: nuevos acercamientos a la censura de libros en la España de la Ilustración», Madrid, CSIC, 2016, 267 págs.
Authors: Álvarez Barrientos Joaquín
Published: July 2021

SIN RESUMEN
Joaquín FERNÁNDEZ y Venancio MARTÍNEZ (coords.): «La huella de Gaspar Casal», Oviedo, Real Academia de Medicina del Principado de Asturias, Ilustre Colegio Oficial de Médicos del Principado de Asturias, 2013.
Authors: Fernández Abril María
Published: July 2021

SIN RESUMEN
Luis José VELÁZQUEZ, MARQUÉS DE VALDEFLORES, «Viaje de las Antigüedades de España (1752-1765)»; estudio y edición de Jorge Maier Allende; catálogo de dibujos y mapas por Carmen Manso Porto. Madrid, Real Academia de la Historia (colección «Antiquaria Hispánica, 25. Manuscripta Antiquitatum, 7»), 2015, 2 volúmenes, 966 págs.
Authors: González Santos Javier
Published: July 2021

SIN RESUMEN
Antonio CALVO MATURANA, «Impostores. Sombras en la España de las Luces», Madrid, Cátedra (Historia Serie Mayor), 2015, 396 págs.
Authors: Cepeda Gómez José
Published: July 2021

SIN RESUMEN
José CHECA BELTRÁN, «El debate literario-político en la prensa cultural española (1801-1808)», Madrid, Iberoamericana, 2016, 285 págs.
Authors: Molina Mediavilla Inmaculada
Published: July 2021

SIN RESUMEN
Maud LE GUELLEC, «Presse et culture dans l’Espagne des Lumières», Madrid, Casa de Velázquez, 2016, 444 págs.
Authors: Román López María
Published: July 2021

SIN RESUMEN
Ana Isabel MARTÍN PUYA, «Las Obras de Garcilaso de la Vega, ilustradas con notas (1765) por José Nicolás de Azara», Vigo, Editorial Academia del Hispanismo (Biblioteca Canon, 20), 2016, 282 págs.
Authors: Gimeno Puyol María Dolores
Published: July 2021

SIN RESUMEN
Alberto ROMERO FERRER (ed.), «Sin fe, sin patria y hasta sin lengua: José Marchena (Filología, traducción, creación e historiografía literaria)», Sevilla, Editorial Renacimiento (Colección Iluminaciones. Filología, crítica y ensayo), 2016, 483 págs.
Authors: Guisado Cuéllar Ángel
Published: July 2021

SIN RESUMEN
Carlos FORADADA, «Goya recuperado en las "Pinturas negras" y "El coloso"», Gijón, Ediciones Trea, 2019, 351 págs.
Authors: Cera Miriam
Published: July 2021

SIN RESUMEN
Emilio LA PARRA, «Fernando VII. Un rey deseado y detestado», Barcelona, TusQuets, 2018, 745 págs.
Authors: Fernández Sarasola Ignacio
Published: July 2021

SIN RESUMEN
Francisco PRECIOSO IZQUIERDO, «Melchor Macanaz. La derrota de un "héroe". Poder político y movilidad familiar en la España Moderna», Madrid, Cátedra, 2017, 439 págs.
Authors: Maruri Villanueva Ramón
Published: July 2021

SIN RESUMEN
José VARGAS PONCE, «Los hijosdalgo de Asturias. Tragedia», edición y estudio preliminar de Fernando Durán López, Gijón, Ediciones Trea, 2018, 172 págs.
Authors: Calvo Maturana Antonio
Published: July 2021

SIN RESUMEN
Miriam CERA BREA, "Arquitectura e identidad nacional en la España de las Luces. Las "Noticias de los arquitectos" de Llaguno y Ceán", Madrid, Sociedad Española de Estudios del Siglo XVIII / Maia Ediciones, 2019, 364 págs.
Authors: Crespo Delgado Daniel
Published: July 2021

SIN RESUMEN
Manuel-Reyes GARCÍA HURTADO (ed.), "Soltando amarras. La costa noratlántica ibérica en la Edad Moderna", A Coruña, Universidade da Coruña, 2009, 400 págs.
Authors: Ocampo Suárez-Valdés Joaquín
Published: July 2021

SIN RESUMEN
M.ª Llum JUAN LIERN, "El rector Vicente Blasco García (1735-1813), entre la Ilustración y el Liberalismo", Valencia, Institució Alfons el Magnànim / Centre Valencià d'Estudis i Investigació, 2018, 491 págs.
Authors: Pérez García Pablo
Published: July 2021

SIN RESUMEN
Antonio MESTRE SANCHIS, "Religiosidad, cultura y política. Mayans y la Compañía. De la amistad a la ruptura", Valencia, Facultad de Teología San Vicente Ferrer, 2019, 263+XIV págs.
Authors: Fernández Ortiz Guillermo
Published: July 2021

SIN RESUMEN
Aile hekimliği polikliniğine başvuran hastalarda Aspirin kullanımının değerlendirilmesi
Authors: BULCA ACAR Aysima , ÖZEN Mehmet
Published: July 2021

Amaç: Bu çalışmada Aspirin kullanımın amaçlarına yönelik bir değerlendirme yapmak ve hastalarda konuya ilişkin farkındalık oluşturmak amaçlanmıştır.

Gereç ve Yöntem: Çalışmaya Sağlık Bilimleri Üniversitesi Antalya Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi Aile Hekimliği Polikliniği’ne başvuran ve yaşamı boyunca en az bir kez Aspirin kullandığını belirten hastalar dahil edildi. Hastaların Aspirin kullanma nedenleri sorgulandı ve hastalar hekim önerisi ile ve hekim önerisi olmadan Aspirin kullananlar olarak iki gruba ayrıldı. Hastalara Aspirin kullanım durumları ve klinik özelliklerini değerlendiren sorular soruldu ve yanıtları kaydedildi.

Bulgular: Çalışmaya katılan 82’si (%68,9) kadın, 37’si (%31,1) erkek 119 hastanın yaş ortalaması 54,3±1,3 yıl (19-81) olarak bulundu. Hastaların 69’u (%57,99) hekim önerisi ile Aspirin kullanımı olduğunu belirtirken 50 hasta (%42,01) hekim önerisi dışında kullanım nedeni belirtti. Hekim önerisi dışında kullanımda sadece 13 (%26) hastada Aspirin kullanımının amaca uygun olduğu belirlendi. Katılımcıların 44’ü (%37) prospektüsü okuduğunu belirtti. Hekim önerisi ile Aspirin kullanımı olan grupta hastaların hekim tarafından bilgilendirilme oranı %37,7 (26 kişi) idi.

Sonuç: Bu çalışmada hekim önerisi dışında Aspirin kullanımına başvuran hastalarda endikasyon dışında veya endikasyona uygun olmayan dozlarda Aspirin kullanımının oldukça yaygın olduğu belirlenmiştir. Hastalarda hekim önerisi dışında Aspirin kullanımı konusunda farkındalık oluşturmak, risklerin azaltılması yönünde olumlu bir katkı sağlayabilir.
Prediction of Ground-Motion Parameters for the NGA-West2 Database Using Refined Second-Order Deep Neural Networks
Authors: Ji Duofa , Li Chenxi , Zhai Changhai , Dong You , Katsanos Evangelos I. , Wang Wei
Published: July 2021

One of the key elements within seismic hazard analysis is the establishment of appropriate ground-motion models (GMMs), which are used to predict the levels of ground-motion intensities by considering various parameters (e.g., source, path, and site). Many empirical GMMs were derived on the basis of a predefined linear or nonlinear equation that is heavily dependent on the a priori knowledge of a functional form that varies between the modelers’ choices. To overcome this issue, this study develops a deep neural network (DNN) trained by the recordings from the Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center (PEER) Next Generation Attenuation-West2 Project (NGA-West2) database. To this end, we collected 20,900 ground motion recordings from the database and randomly split them into the training, validation, and testing datasets. The refined second-order neuron is proposed to solve the problem, and the Adam optimizer is used to optimize the performance of the model. The prediction errors are evaluated by three performance indicators (i.e., R2, root mean square error, mean absolute error), and the predictive results are compared with previous GMMs developed based on the PEER NGA-West2 database. The between-event and within-event standard deviations (SDs) as well as total SDs are calculated and compared. Based on the comparisons, our model maintains consistent performance (e.g., the dependence of predicted intensity measures on seismological and site-specific parameters) with the compared GMM. Its relatively small total SDs, especially for longer periods, confirm that the proposed model is associated with better predictive power.
Seismic Velocity Response to Atmospheric Pressure Using Time-Lapse Passive Seismic Interferometry
Authors: Gradon Chloé , Brenguier Florent , Stammeijer Johannes , Mordret Aurélien , Hindriks Kees , Campman Xander , Lynch Richard , Boué Pierre , Chmiel Malgorzata
Published: July 2021

Seismic velocities in the shallow crust down to a few kilometers depth show a remarkable sensitivity to stress perturbations due to the presence of compliant pores, cracks, fractures, and faults. Monitoring temporal changes of seismic velocities can thus provide key insights on dynamic processes affecting the shallow crust such as those related to the atmosphere (rainfall, barometric pressure, and temperature) and those with deeper tectonic and volcanic origins. In this work, we investigate the specific response of the near surface down to 300 m depth to atmospheric pressure variations. We conduct a four month passive seismic monitoring experiment in the desert of Oman using continuous noise recorded at geophones located within five wells. The results show a clear, direct correlation between seismic velocities and barometric pressure variations for monthly transients. At a longer, seasonal temporal scale, seismic velocities are stable, whereas atmospheric pressure shows a clear positive trend. We use the undrained coupled poroelastic theory to model these observations and find that the lack of seasonal velocity changes can be partly explained by the atmospheric pressure that diffuses into the pores with a strong hydraulic diffusivity likely higher than 100  m2/s consistent with the local geology referring to carbonates. Finally, the comparison between the modeled and observed velocity changes leads to estimate a velocity–stress sensitivity on the order of 6.3×10−7  Pa−1 which is consistent with previous studies. Using this result for calibration, we find that a sudden step-change drop of velocity of 0.015% occurring in the beginning of October 2019 and corresponding to a stress perturbation likely larger than 240 Pa affected the entire studied area. This small change could be related to a perturbation at greater depth associated with variations in the production rates within the underlying reservoir.
Mitochondrial Phylogeny and Population Structure of Pakistani Dromedary Camel (Camelus dromedarius)
Authors: Fathi Abdul
Published: July 2021

Dromedary camels (Camelus dromedarius) are one of the most important livestock species mainly used for milk and meat production in semi-arid and hot-desert expanses of the Arabian-Peninsula, Africa, and Southwest Asia. This study investigated the genetic diversity and population structure within and between eight dromedary camel breeds (n = 210) inhabiting Balochistan province, Pakistan, by mitochondrial cytochrome b (Cyt b). Sequences (1140 bp) analysis showed a total of 18 variable sites resulting in 16 haplotypes. The average haplotype and nucleotide diversities were Hd = 0.484 ± 0.051 and π = 0.00272 respectively. Phylogenetic analysis showed different clusters for camelids. The neutrality tests did not support the population demographic expansion for these camel breeds. Based on these results, we suggest that an imperative genetic management and breeding strategies are required for the effective conservation of this species. © 2021 Friends Science Publishers
Prevalence and Molecular Characterization of Anaplasma marginale in Cattle Population of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province, Pakistan
Authors: Shoaib Muhammad
Published: July 2021

Anaplasmosis is a hemo-rickettsial disease of cattle and is most prevalent in tropical and subtropical regions of the world including Pakistan. This disease has been placed as one of the most economically important haemoparasitic diseases. The aim of the current study was to determine the molecular characterization and to assess the prevalence of Anaplasma marginale (A. marginale) infection in cattle and associated risk factors in three districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP) province of Pakistan viz., Mardan, Kohat and Swat. The blood samples were collected conveniently from 434 tick-infested animals keeping the aseptic measures. A. marginale was identified from blood samples by microscopy and PCR. Sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of the sequenced isolates of this study showed close sequence similarity with the reported strains of USA, Thailand, Uganda, Uruguay, Zimbabwe, Philippines and China. Moreover, multiple sequence alignment of the 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequences of 5 different clones of the A. marginale depicts substantial variation in the genotypes of A. marginale found in different locations of KP. The prevalence of A. marginale infection was non-significantly associated (P > 0.05) with districts, season, breed, age and sex of cattle. The highest prevalence of A. marginale infection was recorded in district Swat (20.30%) followed by Kohat (16.81%) and Mardan (15.00%) districts of KP. The prevalence of infection was highest in exotic breeds and their crosses, adults and female cattle. 10.70, 16.11, 46.70 and 26.70% were the prevalence of infection recorded for winter, spring, summer and autumn season, respectively. This study concludes that A. marginale infection is dominant in district Swat followed by Kohat and Mardan districts of KP province of Pakistan, respectively. © 2021 Friends Science Publishers
Genome-Wide Characterization and Expression Analysis of the Growth Regulating Factor (GRF) Gene Family in Strawberry (Fragaria vesca)
Authors: Jiang Xuwen
Published: July 2021

As one of the transcription factors only found in plants, the growth regulating factor (GRF) gene family has been reported in some plant species, but information on this gene family in strawberries remains unclear. Here, Fragaria vesca GRF (FvGRF) genes were systematically studied, including chromosomal location, gene structure, conserved motif, phylogenetic, expression profiling, post-transcriptional regulation, and functional analyses. The identified 10 FvGRFs were phylogenetically classified into two groups and five subgroups. Of these, nine FvGRFs were distributed on the five chromosomes, while FvGRF2 was located on the scf0512956. Motifs 2 and 1 corresponding to QLQ and WRC domains existed in all the FvGRF proteins. FvGRFs showed different expression patterns based on RT-qPCR analyses, for example, FvGRF1, FvGRF3, FvGRF6 and FvGRF8 were predominantly expressed in buds and blooming flowers, FvGRF4 and FvGRF5 were mainly expressed in young leaves, indicating that the roles of these genes are diverse and redundant in strawberry growth and development. Furthermore, FvGRF2 and FvGRF8 were experimentally validated to be the targets of strawberry miR396, suggesting the significance and conservation of miR396 in post-transcriptional regulation of FvGRFs. These results provide fundamental knowledge for further functional analyses of FvGRFs in strawberries. © 2021 Friends Science Publishers
COVID-19: The Challenges and Opportunities for Water, Air, Agriculture and Energy Sectors
Authors: Usman Muhammad
Published: July 2021

Here, we evaluate the COVID-19 associated challenges and opportunities surrounding the water, air, agriculture and energy sectors, the four major elements to sustain life on earth with strong implications on food security and the environment. During this pandemic, significant improvements in the quality of air and water resources have been noted. The tracking of SARS-CoV-2, the etiologic agent of COVID-19, in wastewater allowed wastewater-based epidemiology for this disease. However, the presence of SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater and the increased use of antimicrobials for personal hygiene and environmental disinfection can have serious consequences on the environment and public health. Air pollutants and greenhouse gases have been significantly reduced except for ozone that increased due to the decline in NOx. Tackling air pollution is important due to its role in spreading and worsening the COVID-19. Similarly, this pandemic has a strong impact on crop production systems, livestock industry, food supply chain and global food security. The zoonotic nature of this disease could change human interactions with wildlife and companion animals, but clear strategies are needed to safeguard both human health and biodiversity throughout the COVID-19 recovery. Owing to the advantages of renewable energy highlighted during COVID-19, suitable investments should be dedicated to cleaner and sustainable energy infrastructure in revival plans. © 2021 Friends Science Publishers
Root Foraging in Soybean (Glycine max) under Nitrogen Deprivation
Authors: Tabassum Muhammad Adnan
Published: July 2021

Nitrate is one of the key sources of nitrogen in natural and agricultural soils. The distribution and concentration of nitrate determine root system architecture in plants. Soybean (Glycine max L) is one of the key leguminous crops, while farmers rarely apply nitrogen in soybean crops except for a starter nitrogen dose at the time of sowing. However, the effects of severe deficiency nitrate on early seedling establishment of soybean before nodulation are not yet studied. Therefore, this study evaluated the effects of high dose of nitrate (54.3 mM) and its deprivationon (0 mM) on the root system architecture of soybean during seedling establishment. Results showed that the root traits including primary root length, fresh biomass, total length, surface area, tips, forks, and its crossings were significantly higher under no nitrate condition than nigh nitrate condition except for root volume, its dry biomass and diameter. Shoot growth attributes such as shoot length, shoot fresh biomass, shoot dry biomass, single leaf area, soil-plant analysis development value, and photosynthesis was significantly decreased while leaf dry mass per area was increased significantly under no nitrate condition. Furthermore, high nitrate supply significantly enhanced the content of nitrate in root tissue, but there was no significant difference between low and optimal nitrate supply. In summary, this study indicated that soybean root system architecture adopts a foraging strategy under nitrogen deprived environment. © 2021 Friends Science Publishers
Evaluation of Child Sexual Abuse Cases
Authors: Kırcı Güven Seçkin , Özer Erdal , Birincioğlu İsmail , Aydoğdu İlhan Halil , Askay Mehmet , İmamoğlu Mustafa
Published: July 2021

Introduction: Child abuse is defined as the child’s being harmed by an adult physically, physchogically or both with a deliberate and preventable reason. The purpose of our study is to reach the profile of our region in terms of child abuse through the features of the victims applying to the centre, to reveal the possible differences by comparing the literature and the properties of our region, to define the additional risk factors to the ones known by the literature.
Material and Method: Our study has been carried out in Trabzon Child Protection And Monitoring Centre and the children applying during one and a half year, between January 2015 and June 2016, have been included. The study involves the retrospective evaluation of the records kept by the centre.
Results: Considering the gender of 103 children we evaluated, it is seen that 86 (83,5%) of them are girls; 17 (16,5%) of them are boys and the girl/boy ratio is 0.19. Considering the age groups, 19 (18,4%) of them are 9 or younger; 37 (35,9%) of them are between 10 and 14; 47 (45,6 %) of them are 15 and older. While the youngest age identified in our study is 4, the oldest child age is 18. The average of age is 13.11±3.817.
Discussion: In child abuse, the victim hides the abuse for years due to fear, threat or believing not to be relied on and be humiliated, therefore, victims who suffer from recurrent abuses for long years come out.
Denetimli Serbestlik Uygulamalarının Onarıcı Adalet Sistemine Etkisinin Araştırılması
Authors: Şekerci Cansu , Aşıcıoğlu Faruk
Published: July 2021

Objective: In this study, it was tried to determine disadvantages by means of investigating the effects of probationers’ life in the implementation of probation practices which is an element of restorative justice and it was aimed to find suggestions that will improve the practice.
Methods: Using the phenomenological analysis method, Questions were asked during in-depth interviews to eight probationers in different process of the probation and three experts were interviewed. To evaluate how they make sense of restorative justice and how they were affected by the probation process to participants.
Results: Due to experiences share the by participants, it has been determined that the probation processes can turn into a stigmatization system that prevents social compliance of the probationers and the measures are not determined according to probationers' risks and needs. Also, it violets the presumption of innocence in the perception of third parties at the trial stage and the function of deterrence from crime is not satisfactory.
Conclusion: It can be ensured that probation services serve more to restorative justice by methods such as ensuring social cohesion by taking into account the risks and needs of probationers, the probationer at the trial stage benefiting from the presumption of innocence, and individualizing the process. These suggestions will be possible with the improvements in this direction without the need for changes in the existing legislation.
Factors affecting overall survival in ductal adenocarcinoma of the pancreatic head. Experience of one center
Authors: Kuchin D.  M. , Kolesnik Ya.  I. , Torgomyan H.  G. , Zagainov V.  E.
Published: July 2021

Purpose. To identify major factors affecting the overall survival (OS). To select the cohort of patients with the best prognosis.

Materials and methods. A retrospective analysis included data of 268 patients, 128 men and 140 women, with median age of 59±10,53 (30 to 83) years. For multivariate analysis of survival, patients were selected who underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) for ductal adenocarcinoma of the pancreatic head.

Results. Our study demonstrated that histologically verified vascular invasion (detected only in 30 % of patients who underwent PD with resection of the major vessels) statistically significantly affected the OS. The increased CA19-9 level over 500 U / L (detected in 32,3 % of cases) is the factor that significantly worsens the OS. Patients with high grade adenocarcinoma have significantly better survival rates compared with patients who have moderately or poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma (p = 0.014; median 26 months, 95 % CI 4.4–47.6 versus median 17 months, 95 % CI 15–19, an median: 13 months, 95 % CI 5–21, respectively). Also, the use of adjuvant chemotherapy has a positive effect on long-term outcomes (p = 0.0001; median 26 months, 95 % CI 21.7–30.3 versus median 13 months, 95 % CI 11.3–14.7).

Conclusion. A well-differentiated tumor and the use of adjuvant chemotherapy significantly increase the OS of patients. Poorly differentiated tumor, CA19-9 level over 500 U / mL and the histologically confirmed vascular invasion significantly worsen the prognosis of these patients.
Analysis of the scope of surgical breast cancer treatment in countries with the low associated mortality-to-incidence ratio (review)
Authors: Andreev D.  A. , Kashurnikov A.  Yu. , Zavyalov A.  A.
Published: July 2021

The worldwide implementation of «breakthrough» surgical approaches such as breast-conserving techniques, the development of mammoplasty, as well as new guidelines for performing biopsy of sentinel lymph nodes incentivized the transition to a higher level of quality in breast cancer care. This review summarizes the modern tendencies in audits of main breast cancer surgical treatments based on last experience of few countries demonstrating the low breast cancer mortality and high incidence (lowest breast cancer mortality-to-incidence ratio).
Selected Water Physico-Chemical Characteristics of Iloilo Batiano River, Philippines: A Baseline Study
Authors:   Van Hall Larenstein, University of Applied Sciences, Netherlands, Wiederhold Bartimeues Nathan , Lichtenberg Tom , Germo Roderick R. , Sarinas Brian Gil S.
Published: July 2021

Protecting our natural resources is one of the important thrusts of every organization. In this study, the waters of Iloilo Batiano River, Philippines is explored. This study was conducted because there is a dearth of information on the water physico-chemical characteristics of the river. Since this is an initial assessment, this study will serve as a baseline data and the results will serve as a basis for future reference for conservation measures of the river. The present study aimed to determine the selected water physico-chemical characteristics of the river such as the electrical conductivity (EC), temperature, pH, and calcium content; assess if these parameters exceed the limit set by the DENR Administrative Order No. 20F16-08 of the Republic of the Philippines and other available literatures; and to determine if there was no significant difference in the water physico-chemical characteristics among the six sampling stations. Results revealed that EC and calcium content of the river exceed their limits except for temperature and pH levels. Furthermore, EC and temperature were statistically different among the six sampling stations except for pH values. This study concludes that the river is saline due to the mixing of saltwater and surface water as the river is near to the sea and has high calcium content that can threaten the life of freshwater aquatic organisms.
Thorough QT/QTc (TQT) study
Authors: Balasundaram Lakshmi , Kidambi Bharatraj , Singaravelu Surya
Published: July 2021

With a number of drugs entering the market, cardiac safety remains a cause of major concern for the regulatory authorities, before approval. The incidence of drug induced arrhythmia with non-cardiovascular drugs is low, however the result is fatal, hence much focus is being given to assess the pro-arrhythmic potential of a drug. The arrhythmogenic risk of the drug is higher if the patient is on polypharmacy or has other risk factors such as an electrolyte imbalance or an underlying structural heart disease. QT prolongation can be either due to congenital causes such as Long QT syndromes (LQTS) which include Romano-Ward syndrome, Jervell and Lange-Nielson syndrome or can be acquired, which is mainly due to drugs. Several drugs such as terfenadine, astemizole, cisapride and grepafloxacin have been withdrawn from the market due to QT prolongation and development of a fatal ventricular arrythmia - torsades de pointes (TdP). This has led to implementation of guidelines to assess cardiac safety. The pro-arrhythmic risk can be assessed using thorough QT/QTc studies or exposure response modelling of intensive ECGs. This article will give an overall view of the use of QT/QTc interval as a biomarker for cardiac safety and the current guidelines for thorough QT/QTc studies which are mainly done to assess the pro-arrhythmic potential of a non-anti-arrhythmic drug.
Therapeutic enhancement of antibiotics using probiotics: a review
Authors: Kwatra Bharat , Raghavendra Rajani , Patre Rutuja Sandip , Kuntawala Dhvani H.
Published: July 2021

This article was an examination of the therapeutic enhancement of antibiotics using probiotics. The scientific development and subsequent enhancement of antibiotics continued to influence the researchers all over the globe today. This article examined the research done and published by researchers and scientists. Consideration of current trends and data in scientific queries and demonstrated further aspects of probiotics and antibiotics. Additionally, this article explored options for therapeutic enhancement of ofloxacin, amoxicillin and cefuroxime.
Laparoscopic evaluation of pelvic organ in case of subfertility
Authors: Ahmed Polly , Chowdhury T. A. , Mahmud Kaniz
Published: July 2021

Background: Globally subfertility affects 10-15% of couple. All these people need proper evaluation and treatment. Now a days laparoscopy considered as a gold standard procedure for evaluation of pelvic organ. The aim of this study was to find out the different causes of female factor infertility with the help of laparoscopy.Methods: This retrospective study was conducted in infertility clinic of BIRDEM hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh during the period of May, 2007 to October 2007. The study group comprised 100 cases of infertile patients.Results: In this study, among 100 patients 68% had primary and 32% had secondary infertility. In laparoscopy majority (55.0%) had normal ovary, 20.0% had cystic change with thick capsule in right ovary and 22% had in left ovary, 7.0% had endometriosis, 8.0% had adhesion, 10.0% had simple cyst in right ovary and 8% had in left ovary and rest could not be visualized. 79.4% right and 77.9% left fallopian tube patent in primary subfertility cases and 56.3% right and 59.4% left tube normal in secondary subfertility cases. Both fallopian tube patent in 62%, unilateral block 21% and bilateral block in 17% cases in this study peritoneum was normal in 78% cases, 8% cases there was endometriosis and 14% cases there was adhesion of fallopian tube with the ovary, adhesion of uterus with intestine and also with bladder.Conclusions: Laparoscopy is an important tool for diagnosing anatomical and pathological abnormalities of pelvic organ which has a major role in subfertility management.
Factors affecting time of spontaneous delivery of dichorionic diamniotic twin pregnancy
Authors: Hefila Nermeen Mohamed
Published: July 2021

Background: The incidence of twin pregnancy has markedly increased recently due to ART and advanced maternal age. The mother may also experience higher obstetrical morbidity and mortality rates. Aim of the work was to investigate factors affecting the time of spontaneous delivery in dichorionic diamniotic twin pregnancy to improve perinatal outcomes.Methods: The study was a cross-sectional study had been conducted at Elshatby university maternity hospital between October 2019 to May 2020 on 150 cases of dichorionc diamniotic twins pregnancy admitted for spontaneous delivery.History was taken from all women including general, abdominal and vaginal examination to assess pelvic capacity, first twin presentation, amniotic membrane state and cervical os measurements including cervical dilatation, effacement, station and orientation.Results: In our study ART twin pregnancies are higher than spontaneous pregnancy regarding the complications. In group A, we found that the uterine contractions are more frequent (6.5 times/30 min) and in B was (6.3 times/30 min) while in group C (2.8 times/30 min) (P<0.001). The cervical dilatation in group A on admission was statistically significant compared with the group B and C (p<0.001). PROMs (p=0.042) and incompetent internal os of cervix (IIOC, p<0.001) found to be the most important factor affecting the time of twin delivery specially before 36 weeks.Conclusions: The frequency and potency of uterine contractions, the cervical internal os dilatation and the state of amniotic membrane are the most important factors affecting the time of delivery in twin pregnancy.
Pregnancy outcome in pre-gestational and gestational diabetic women: a prospective observational study
Authors: Mahajan Mamta , Gupta Amit , Vij Anju , Sharma Aanchal Gupta
Published: July 2021

Background: India is considered the world capital of diabetes, proper care and management of the same is the demand of society. The present study is carried out to identify the disease burden of GDM/ overt DM among antenatal cases. The main objective was to study the maternal and fetal outcome of diabetes complicating pregnancy.Methods: The present study was conducted at Dr. Rajendra Prasad Government Medical College at Tanda, District KangraHP from October 2015 to September 2016. All antenatal cases were screened for diabetes by OGTT 75 gm, 2-hour blood glucose level as per DIPSI guidelines and labelled as GDM/ overt DM. Those who fulfilled selection criteria were enrolled in the study. A total of 6452 cases who attended antenatal clinic during the study duration and were screened were selected for the study. 116 cases were found to have GDM / overt DM. Seventy-nine had GDM with OGTT>140 mg/dl (DIPSI guidelines) and 37 had overt DM with 2 hours PP >200 mg/dl (WHO criteria). Total 100 cases comprised of study group were followed till delivery to study maternal and fetal outcome.Results: The prevalence of diabetes in pregnancy was found to be low 1.79%. GDM was found to be more prevalent than overt diabetes in pregnant women (66% versus 34%). Among the antenatal maternal complications observed missed abortion (11.8% versus 1.55; p=0.026), polyhydraminos (26.4% versus 10.6%; p=0.04) and preterm labour (17.6% versus 4.5%; p=0.003) were significantly more common in overt diabetics than GDM cases. IUFD (8.8% versus 0; p=0.014) was also significantly more common in overt diabetics than GDM case. RDS was found significantly higher in neonates of overt diabetics as compared to GDM mothers (14.7 % versus 1.5%; p=0.009).Conclusions: Early detection and good glycemia control by MNT and insulin, regular antenatal check-ups, patient counselling and compliance, intrapartum fetal monitoring and early neonatal care are keys to improved outcome.
Evaluation of efficacy and safety of cryotherapy in benign and premalignant cervical lesion
Authors: Patel Krishankumar D. , Karnavat Ronak D. , Viramgama Dimple G. , Dalal Roma K.
Published: July 2021

Background: Cervical cancer ranks 3rd leading cause of cancer in the world. Cervical erosion is mostly asymptomatic in women but when symptoms like postcoital bleeding and vaginal discharge occur in the presence of cervical erosion, it becomes important to identify whether the erosion is a benign lesion or CIN or cancer by means of PAP smear and Biopsy. Treatment for benign and precancerous lesion can be provided by ablative or excisional methods. Cryotherapy was reliably used to treat cervical lesions.Methods: Women among 18 to 60 years of age attending outpatient department who had history of chronic discharge per vaginum, postcoital bleeding, dyspareunia, chronic pelvic pain. Patients were divided in two by PAP smear in erosion with inflammatory changes and presence of low grade squamous intraepithelial lesion. Cryotherapy was performed using double-freeze single session procedure. Each patient was followed up at 2, 6 and at 12 weeks. Complications and patients’ satisfaction were recorded and compared to calculate cure rate of symptoms, healing of lesion.Results: The healing efficacy of cryotherapy at 6th and 12th week was 87.8% and 91.1% respectively. Cryotherapy had high satisfaction rate. The cure rate was not affected by location of lesion and size of lesion in both inflammation and LSIL.Conclusions: Cryotherapy is an effective method for treatment of cervical erosion and effectively eliminates symptoms. Patients were highly satisfied. Cryotherapy is cheap, easy, and safe treatment. It is suitable for both hospital and office-based practice.
A cross sectional study to evaluate indications and outcomes of caesarean section in a district hospital of West Bengal
Authors: Maurya Pratima , Saini Sandeep , Saini Bhawna , Kumar Mohit , Adhya Ajit Kumar , Mondal Ranjit Kumar
Published: July 2021

Background: There is drastic rise in caesarean section (CS) rate worldwide in last decade as compared to optimal CS rate (10-15%) recommendation by WHO. This study was conducted to assess incidence and feto-maternal outcome in CS delivery.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in pregnant women admitted over one year from September 2017- August 2018 in West Bengal. Demographic details and indication of CS were recorded along with documentation of feto-maternal outcomes. Statistical analysis was performed with help of Epi Info (TM) 7.2.2.2. Z-test and corrected Chi square (χ2) test. p<0.05 was considered to be statistically significant.Results: Out of total 10831 deliveries, 2914 (27%) women underwent CS. Demographic analysis shows maximum number of patients to be between 20-25years (51.7%), rural (58%), primigravida (51.3%), term pregnancy (87.7%). Non-progression of labour or NPL (45%) was most common indication of CS followed by previous CS (26.2%) and fetal distress (17.9%). Post CS wound infection was seen in 33 (1.1%) women. Two maternal deaths were recorded. Still born was documented in 0.8% while 6.8% fetus were referred to paediatric ICU.Conclusions: Rise in CS rates was mainly reported in 20-25 years age group, rural patients, in term pregnancy of primigravida patients. Most common indication for CS was NPL followed by previous CS and fetal distress. Mostly patients showed no complication in postpartum period. Only few patients had wound infection, hysterectomy and post-partum haemorrhage. More than 99% fetus survived without any complications.
Correlation of amniotic fluid index with fetomaternal outcome
Authors: M. Vidyasagara , T. Chandrashekhar , Raikar Sunil S.
Published: July 2021

Background: Amniotic fluid acts like a protective cover around the baby. Advances in ultrasound have increased early detection of abnormal amniotic fluid volumes. Any variation in the amniotic fluid volume warrants antenatal foetal surveillance.Methods: 300 pregnant women between 37 to 40 weeks of gestation were included in the study. A detailed history, examination and ultrasound was done. Pregnant women were divided into 3 groups’ i.e. normal liquor, oligohydramios and polyhydramnios. All the women were closely monitored during labour and puerperium. Follow-up was done till 7 days post-delivery. Maternal and neonatal data were collected.Results: 300 pregnant women were included in the study, out of which 221 had normal amniotic fluid index (AFI), 64 had oligohydramnios and 15 had polyhydramnios. All baseline characteristics were comparable between the groups except body mass index (BMI). Incidence of meconium stained liquor was significantly higher in oligohydramnios compared to normal AFI and polyhydramnios groups (34.4% versus 10.5% versus 13.3%; p=0.0001). Caesarean section rates were significantly higher in polyhydramnios and oligohydramnios compared to normal AFI group (73.3% versus 70.3% versus 19.9%; p=0.0001). Higher cases of low birth weight were recorded in oligohydramnios group compared to normal AFI and polyhydramnios group group (32.8% versus 18.6% versus 13.3%; p=0.011). Neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admissions were higher in oligohydramnios (35.9%) and polyhydramnios (33.3%) compared to normal AFI group (35.9% versus 33.3% versus 12.7%; p=0.0001).Conclusions: Abnormal liquor volumes are associated with increased caesarean section rates, NICU admissions and neonatal mortality. Careful assessment of pregnant women is imperative for proper counselling and management.