bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analisis Perbandingan Algoritma SVM, KNN, dan CNN untuk Klasifikasi Citra Cuaca
Authors: Naufal Mohammad Farid
Published: March 2021

Cuaca merupakan faktor penting yang dipertimbangkan untuk berbagai pengambilan keputusan. Klasifikasi cuaca manual oleh manusia membutuhkan waktu yang lama dan inkonsistensi. Computer vision adalah cabang ilmu yang digunakan komputer untuk mengenali atau melakukan klasifikasi citra. Hal ini dapat membantu pengembangan self autonomous machine agar tidak bergantung pada koneksi internet dan dapat melakukan kalkulasi sendiri secara real time. Terdapat beberapa algoritma klasifikasi citra populer yaitu K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN), Support Vector Machine (SVM), dan Convolutional Neural Network (CNN). KNN dan SVM merupakan algoritma klasifikasi dari Machine Learning sedangkan CNN merupakan algoritma klasifikasi dari Deep Neural Network. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan performa dari tiga algoritma tersebut sehingga diketahui berapa gap performa diantara ketiganya. Arsitektur uji coba yang dilakukan adalah menggunakan 5 cross validation. Beberapa parameter digunakan untuk mengkonfigurasikan algoritma KNN, SVM, dan CNN. Dari hasil uji coba yang dilakukan CNN memiliki performa terbaik dengan akurasi 0.942, precision 0.943, recall 0.942, dan F1 Score 0.942. AbstractWeather is an important factor that is considered for various decision making. Manual weather classification by humans is time consuming and inconsistent. Computer vision is a branch of science that computers use to recognize or classify images. This can help develop self-autonomous machines so that they are not dependent on an internet connection and can perform their own calculations in real time. There are several popular image classification algorithms, namely K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN), Support Vector Machine (SVM), and Convolutional Neural Network (CNN). KNN and SVM are Machine Learning classification algorithms, while CNN is a Deep Neural Networks classification algorithm. This study aims to compare the performance of that three algorithms so that the performance gap between the three is known. The test architecture is using 5 cross validation. Several parameters are used to configure the KNN, SVM, and CNN algorithms. From the test results conducted by CNN, it has the best performance with 0.942 accuracy, 0.943 precision, 0.942 recall, and F1 Score 0.942.
Liberation from Ventilation: An Intervention Study in Public Adult Intensive Care Units in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa
Authors: Oamen Benedict Raphael , Jordan Portia , Ten Ham-Baloyi Wilma , Zamo Hlungwane Emmanuel
Published: March 2021

Implementing evidence-based guidelines is one way of addressing the knowledge gap of critical care nurses regarding the ventilator liberation of critically ill adult patients in South Africa. A quasi-experimental intervention study using a pre-test/post-test design to measure critical care nurses’ knowledge on ventilator liberation of adult patients in intensive care units was conducted. The critical care nurses were purposively sampled into three groups and their knowledge was measured before an educational intervention, and three months after. Data was collected with pre/post-test questionnaires, n1=115 pre-test and n2=90 post-test, respectively. An educational intervention using a PowerPoint presentation, printed copies of the guidelines, posters as reminders, and informal monitoring visits (Intervention Group One) had an insignificant effect (p=0.371; Cohen’s d <0.20) on the improvement of the respondents’ knowledge score (62,93 versus 65,22). Handing out printed copies of guidelines alone (Intervention Group Two) had a small effect (p=0.033; Cohen’s d=0.49 small) but did not improve respondents’ knowledge score (60,34 versus 53,41). The absence of an educational intervention (Control Group) had an insignificant effect (p=0.884; Cohen’s d <0.20) on the improvement of respondents’ knowledge score (59,60 versus 60,33). Across the three groups, intensive care unit experience had a moderate effect (p=0,018; Cohen’s d=0.67 medium) on the way critical care nurses responded to the pre/post-test questionnaires. Respondents lacked knowledge of ventilator liberation practices in the study context, and this can be addressed using combined educational intervention methods. Sequel studies using different educational intervention methods are recommended that take into account the diversity within the study population.
Factors Contributing to Unprofessional Behaviour among Nursing Students at the University of Namibia
Authors: Ashipala Daniel Opotamutale , Shaluwawa Selma Iyaalo
Published: March 2021

Globally, there is a universal expectation that nurses should have a duty to serve others with commitment and dedication. Therefore, it is expected from all professional nurses including nursing students that they behave professionally and ethically in accordance with the ethical codes of practice and conduct. Unprofessional behaviour among student nurses has the potential to negatively affect staff and workplace relationships, and most importantly, compromise patient safety and care. The factors contributing to unprofessional behaviour among nursing students in Namibia have not been extensively researched. This requires institutions of higher learning to establish which factors are likely to promote unprofessional behaviour among student nurses, which could then be used to deal with unprofessional behaviour among these students. The objectives of this study were to explore and understand the factors contributing to unprofessional behaviour among nursing students at the University of Namibia. A qualitative, explorative, descriptive and contextual study was conducted. The accessible population in this study consisted of 17 undergraduate nursing students. Purposive sampling was used and the requisite data collected from the 17 participants using individual semi-structured interviews. The data were analysed by means of qualitative content analysis. Three themes were subsequently identified, namely, unprofessional behaviour in nursing, factors contributing to unprofessional behaviour, and moulding unprofessional behaviour. These findings call for well-articulated plans on the part of the faculty management team to deal with unprofessional behaviour among nursing students. It is recommended that further research be conducted to identify specific curriculum components that may be incorporated to strengthen the teaching of nursing ethics to students.
Tecnologias móveis e aprendizagem de línguas
Authors: GOMES JUNIOR Ronaldo Corrêa , PUCCINI Bruno
Published: March 2021

Neste artigo, apresentamos os resultados de uma pesquisa bibliográfica cujo objetivo foi apresentar um panorama da produção acadêmica sobre o uso de tecnologias digitais móveis para a aprendizagem de línguas estrangeiras e adicionais, em especial, para o desenvolvimento de habilidades orais em inglês. Com o auxílio da ferramenta “Google Acadêmico”, coletamos trabalhos de 2013 a 2017 e os agrupamos em categorias de acordo com seus objetivos e gêneros acadêmicos. Observamos que a produção científica não se encontra em estágios iniciais e apresenta abordagens amplas e diversos modelos teóricos. Sobre o desenvolvimento de habilidades orais em inglês, observamos que, embora escassas, as pesquisas nos mostram diversas contribuições pedagógicas. Verificamos, entretanto, a necessidade de expansão de seus horizontes com vistas a uma abordagem mais integrada e contextualizada.
Choque séptico: diagnóstico e uso de norepinefrina e vasopressina
Authors: Reis Henrique Veloso , Bastos Leonardo Pereira , Reis Fernanda Veloso , Reis Rodrigo Veloso , Caires Poliana Terra Pires Ribeiro Coelho , Rodrigues Tayná Fagundes , Nunes Mateus Mendes , Dos Santos Marco Aurélio Barbosa , Oliva Bruna da Hora , Pereira Rodrigo Alves Mendes
Published: March 2021

Objetivo: Compreender e revisar a conduta diagnóstica para choque séptico e a utilização da norepinefrina e vasopressina dentro desse contexto. Métodos: Trata-se de uma Revisão Integrativa de Literatura na qual utilizou-se as bases de dados PubMed, SciElo e NCBI e os descritores em ciência e saúde “Norepinefrina”, “Vasopressina”, “Sepse” e “Choque Séptico” na língua inglesa e portuguesa. Foram escolhidos 20 artigos entre o período de 2010 a 2020 para análise. Resultados: Constatou-se que a maioria dos estudos concordavam em relação à utilização do qSOFA fora das UTIs, enquanto recomenda-se a utilização preferencialmente do SOFA após a admissão em UTI. A respeito do suporte hemodinâmico, houve congruência quanto à utilização de norepinefrina como droga de primeira escolha e vasopressina no tratamento adjuvante. Considerações finais: A sepse e o choque séptico representam um importante problema de saúde pública, pois gera impactos significativos no equilíbrio fisiológico do indivíduo e na relação entre oferta-demanda-custo nos serviços de tratamento intensivo. Dessa forma, proporcionar ao profissional de saúde conhecimento acerca dos métodos que possibilitam o diagnóstico precoce e otimizar as terapias medicamentosas são estratégias importantes na luta pela vida.
Ladder drill portable: Agility tools for sports
Authors: Wijayanti Ni Putu Nita , Saputro Deny Pradana , AF Oca Fernandes , Febri Raja
Published: March 2021

The development of portable ladder drills as a medium for agility training has never been touched once. The ladder drill tool's mobile concept will make it easier for the trainer to use the device with a variety of varied agility training movements and can be used in more sports. Based on this, the research was carried out in an effort to make portable ladder drill training media that is useful as a medium for agility training. This research uses research and development level 3 methods. Product trials are conducted in three types: one on one practices with four respondents, small group trials worked with five respondents athletes, students majoring in Sports Education FKIP Riau University, and large-scale tests. They worked on 11 athletes KONI and Dispora Riau Province. The data analysis technique used in this research is the quantitative descriptive analysis technique. Furthermore, data collection techniques using a questionnaire (questionnaire). The results of this study indicate that: assessments made by material experts, media experts, one-on-one trials, small-scale trials, and large-scale trials are above 83 percent. Based on this study's results, it can be concluded that the Development of Portable Ladder Drills is declared feasible as a medium to increase agility by sports actors. Considering that this development still has shortcomings, future research recommendations are related to providing cheaper and more functional product materials in terms of equipment installation efficiency.
ANALISIS EFISIENSI TEKNIS KARET PERKEBUNAN RAKYAT KABUPATEN BANYUASIN PROVINSI SUMATERA SELATAN
Authors: Pratama Ario , Syahni Rahmat , Mahdi Mahdi
Published: March 2021

The average productivity of rubber smallholder in Banyuasin Regency is 0,89 ton/ha lower than its potential productivity 1,5 ton/ha. This study aims to analyze the factors affecting rubber productivity, the level of technical efficiency and factors affecting technical inefficiency in rubber plantation at several group of plant age. The research used purposive sampling which obtained 60 samples of farmers as respondent and was conducted in Banyuasin Regency, South Sumatera Province from April to June 2020. Data were analyzed using stochastic frontier Cobb Douglas analysis. The results showed that factors affecting rubber productivity were TSP, Fungicide, Herbicide, labour, numbers of plant (tree), plant age and clone. The level of rubber smallholder technical efficiency showed the various amount from 0.50 to 0.97 with average level 0.87. The highest average level of rubber smallholder technical efficiency was found at group of plant age 6-15 with TE 0.91. Factors affecting technical inefficiency were farmer’s education, training and farmers status. Keywords: Productivity, technical efficiency, rubber, stochastic frontier
Penilaian Tingkat Kekumuhan Kawasan Permukiman di Tepian Air Kota Singkawang
Authors: Nurhidayati Ely , Safriadi Novi , Dzulqarnain Faqih
Published: March 2021

Kondisi geografis dan demografi suatu wilayah dapat memengaruhi entitas dan identitas masyarakat yang tinggal di suatu permukiman. Perkembangan kota secara sporadis menyebabkan tidak terkendalinya lahan permukiman dan pola ruang Kota Singkawang, sehingga membentuk pola keterkaitan antar sistem perkotaan dan pengaruhnya berkontribusi terhadap berkembangnya kawasan permukiman kumuh. Permasalahannya adalah perkembangan permukiman ini justru meluas hingga ke pesisir dan tepian sungai. Adapun tujuan penelitian yaitu menilai tingkat kekumuhan kawasan permukiman di tepian air Kota Singkawang. Sasaran penelitian meliputi mengidentifikasi kawasan permukiman kumuh dan analisis skoring kawasan permukiman kumuh berdasarkan tujuh aspek. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode kualitatif berbasis data skoring dan interpretasi hasil skoring berdasarkan Peraturan Menteri PUPR RI Nomor 14/RT/M/2018 tentang Pencegahan dan Peningkatan Kualitas Terhadap Perumahan Kumuh dan Permukiman Kumuh. Hasil penelitian yang diperoleh meliputi kawasan permukiman tepian air yang terletak di pesisir yaitu Kelurahan Sedau, sedangkan permukiman tepian air yang terletak di tepian sungai yaitu Kelurahan Kuala dan Kelurahan Pasiran. Analisis skoring terhadap tujuh aspek menujukkan bahwa di Kelurahan Sedau RT39/RW7 memiliki tingkat kekumuhan ringan, Kelurahan Kuala RT10/RW3 memiliki tingkat kekumuhan ringan, dan Kelurahan Pasiran RT12/RW4 memiliki tingkat kekumuhan sedang.
Structural Variants of RM734 in the Design of Splay Nematic Materials
Authors: Mandle Richard , Cowling Stephen , Goodby John W.
Published: March 2021

Structural Variants of RM734 in the Design of Splay Nematic MaterialsThe recent discovery of the splay nematic phase, a new nematic polymorph that has been found to be both polar and ferroelectric, is the lead paragraph in an entirely new chapter in the history of liquid crystals. The potential for transformative applications utilizing this state of matter – such as photonics, non-linear optics, memory applications and so on - can only be met with significant improvements in the temperature range of existing materials such as 4-(4-nitrophenoxycarbonyl)phenyl 4-methoxy-2-methoxybenzoate (RM734). Herein we present several families of materials which are structurally related to the archetypal new nematic material, RM734, including the first non-rod-like materials within the context of the splay nematic phase. We find that the incidence (or absence) of this new nematic variant in a designer material cannot be easily rationalized in terms of molecular dipole moment or polarizability. However, mixture formulation shows promise for the engineering of materials with improved working temperature ranges.
Selective, Modular Probes for Thioredoxins Enabled by Rational Tuning of a Unique Disulfide Structure Motif
Authors: Felber Jan , Zeisel Lukas , Poczka Lena , Scholzen Karoline , Busker Sander , Maier Martin S. , Theisen Ulrike , Brandstädter Christina , Becker Katja , Arnér Elias , Thorn-Seshold Julia , Thorn-Seshold Oliver
Published: March 2021

Specialised cellular networks of oxidoreductases coordinate the dithiol/disulfide-exchange reactions that control metabolism, protein regulation, and redox homeostasis. For probes to be selective for redox enzymes and effector proteins (nM to µM concentrations), they must also be able to resist nonspecific triggering by the ca. 50 mM background of non-catalytic cellular monothiols. However, no such selective reduction-sensing systems have yet been established. Here, we used rational structural design to independently vary thermodynamic and kinetic aspects of disulfide stability, creating a series of unusual disulfide reduction trigger units designed for stability to monothiols. We integrated the motifs into modular series of fluorogenic probes that release and activate an arbitrary chemical cargo upon reduction, and compared their performance to that of the literature-known disulfides. The probes were comprehensively screened for biological stability and selectivity against a range of redox effector proteins and enzymes. This design process delivered the first disulfide probes with excellent stability to monothiols, yet high selectivity for the key redox-active protein effector, thioredoxin. We anticipate that further applications of these novel disulfide triggers will deliver unique probes targeting cellular thioredoxins. We also anticipate that further tuning following this design paradigm will deliver redox probes for other important dithiol-manifold redox proteins, that will be useful in revealing the hitherto hidden dynamics of endogenous cellular redox systems.
Templating Core-Shell Particles Using Metal Ion-Chelating Biosurfactants
Authors: Yeh Ching-min , Jarrett Thomas , Gao Yuan , Zhao Chun-Xia , Whittaker Andrew , Sainsbury Frank , White Alison
Published: March 2021

Designer biosurfactants can be used to stabilise and functionalise interfaces. One particularly promising use is the stabilisation of oil-in-water emulsions, enabling fine tuning physical, chemical and biological surface properties. The ability of emulsion systems to carry high payloads makes them attractive for applications in medicine, food and fragrances, and cosmetics. However, they have limited long-term stability. Here we sought to use the metal ion-chelating ability of the biosurfactant peptide, AM1, to precipitate the formation of a gold metal shell on AM1-stabilised emulsions by electroless plating. We found that replacing the commonly used zinc(II) with palladium(II) for coordination by histidine residues of adjacent AM1 peptides produced interfacial films that maintained elasticity at acidic pH. Proton NMR suggested a coordination mechanism independent of the imidazole ring of the histidines. Nevertheless. stabilisation of emulsions at low pH enabled the deposition of a gold shell, albeit by an unexpected mechanism. We propose that gold nanoparticles forming in bulk are adsorbed onto the peptide-stabilised interface, accumulating into a particulate coating. The resulting one-step method for nanoparticle precipitation and shell formation will be useful for the creation of biocompatible core-shell particles for applications where large payloads of hydrophobic active compounds require stability over long time periods.
Transforming Growth Factor-β1 Is Resilient to Heat-Induced Conformational Change
Authors: Tang Rui , Gasvoda Kaelyn , Rabin Jacob , Alsberg Eben
Published: March 2021

TGF-beta1 is an essential signaling protein in numerous important biological pathways. Traditionally, TGF-beta1 is considered a sensitive protein so that this protein was handled with extreme care for production and storage. TGF-beta1 also exists in foods from animal sources, such as milk, and has been proven to be absorbed through ingestion. The food sourced TGF-beta1 was also not considered active after normal food processing, such as heating. Our research calls into question these concepts and encourages the research community to reconsider the activity of heated TGF-beta1 for both biomedical and nutrition applications.
Superconcentrated Electrolytes Widens Insertion Electrochemistry to Soluble Layered Halides
Authors: Dubouis Nicolas , Marchandier Thomas , Rousse Gwenaëlle , Marchini Florencia , Fauth François , Avdeev Maxim , Iadecola Antonella , Porcheron Benjamin , Deschamps Michael , Tarascon Jean-Marie , Grimaud Alexis
Published: March 2021

Insertion compounds provide the fundamental basis of today’s commercialized Li-ion batteries. Throughout history, intense research has focus on the design of stellar electrodes mainly relying on layered oxides or sulfides, and leaving aside the corresponding halides because of solubility issues. This is no longer true. In this work, we show for the first time the feasibility to reversibly intercalate electrochemically Li+ into VX3 compounds (X = Cl, Br, I) via the use of superconcentrated electrolytes, (5 M LiFSI in dimethyl carbonate), hence opening access to a novel family of LixVX3 phases. Moreover, through an electrolyte engineering approach we unambiguously prove that the positive attribute of superconcentrated electrolytes against solubility of inorganic compounds is rooted in a thermodynamic rather than a kinetic effect. The mechanism and corresponding impact of our findings enrich the fundamental understanding of superconcentrated electrolytes and constitute a crucial step in the design of novel insertion compounds with tunable properties for a wide range of applications beyond Li-ion batteries.
Quantum-Classical Simulation of Molecular Motors Driven Only by Light
Authors: Majumdar Atreya , Jansen Thomas L.C.
Published: March 2021

Molecular motors that exhibit controlled unidirectional rotation provide great prospects for many types of applications including nanorobotics. Existing rotational motors have two key components: photoisomerisation around a pi-bond followed by a thermally activated helical inversion; the latter being the rate-determining step. We propose an alternative molecular system, where the rotation is caused by the electronic coupling

of chromophores. This is used to engineer the excited state energy surface and achieve unidirectional rotation using light as the only input and avoid the slow thermal step, potentially leading to much faster operational speeds. To test the working principle we employ quantum-classical calculations to study the dynamics of such a system. We estimate that motors build on this principle should be able to work on a sub-nanosecond timescale for such a full rotation. We explore the parameter space of our model to guide the design of a molecule which can act as such motor.
Substitution Effect on 2-(Oxazolinyl)-phenols: Emission Color-Tunable, Minimalistic Excited-State Intramolecular Proton Transfer (ESIPT)-based Luminophores
Authors: Göbel Dominik , Rusch Pascal , Duvinage Daniel , Stauch Tim , Bigall Nadja C. , Nachtsheim Boris
Published: March 2021

The synthesis and optical characterization of novel single-benzene ESIPT-based fluorophores is described in solid state and in solution. Special attention is given towards the influence of their unique substitution pattern on their optical properties. Depending on this pattern, aggregation induced emission or aggregation caused quenching (ACQ) is observed in the solid state.
Xanthene[n]arenes: Exceptionally Large, Bowl-shaped Macrocyclic Building Blocks Suitable for Self-Assembly
Authors: Pfeuffer-Rooschüz Jonathan , Prescimone Alessandro , Tiefenbacher Konrad
Published: March 2021

A new class of macrocycles denoted as “xanthene[n]arenes” was synthesized. In contrast to most other macrocycles, they feature a rigid bowl-shape, required for the synthesis of cavitands and for the self-assembly to molecular capsules via non-covalent interactions. The derivatization potential of the novel macrocycles was demonstrated on the xanthene[3]arene scaffold. Beside a deep cavitand, a modified macrocycle was synthesized that self-assembles into a hydrogen-bonded tetrameric capsule. Both supramolecular systems display host-guest binding properties, demonstrating the potential of xanthene[n]arenes as a new set of macrocyclic building blocks.
Unlocking Phase Diagrams for Molybdenum and Tungsten Nanoclusters and Prediction of their Formation Constants
Authors: Petrus Enric , Bo Carles
Published: March 2021

Understanding and controlling aqueous speciation of metal oxides are key for the discovery and development of novel materials, and challenge both experimental and computational approaches. Here we present a computational method, called POMSimulator, which is able to predict speciation phase diagrams (Conc. vs pH) for multi-species chemical equilibria in solution, and which we apply to molybdenum and tungsten isopolyoxoanions (IPAs). Starting from the MO4 monomers, and considering dimers, trimers, and larger species, the chemical reaction networks involved in the formation of [H32Mo36O128]8- and [W12O42]12- are sampled in an automatic manner. This information is used for setting up ~105 speciation models, and from there, we generate the speciation phase diagrams, which show an insightful picture of the behavior of IPAs in aqueous solution. Furthermore, we predict the values for 107 formation constants for a diversity of molybdenum and tungsten molecular oxides. Among these species, we could include several pentagonal shaped species and very reactive tungsten intermediates as well. Last but not least, the calibration employed for correcting the DFT Gibbs energies is remarkably similar for both metals, which suggests that a general rule might exist for correcting computed free energies for other metals.
Direct Conversion of Alcohols to Long-Chain Hydrocarbons via Tandem Dehydrogenation-Decarbonylative Olefination
Authors: Ainembabazi Diana , Horlyck Jonathan , Dolan Darren , Lee Adam , Wilson Karen , Voutchkova-Kostal Adelina
Published: March 2021

Design of active and selective supported catalysts is critical for developing new tandem processes for upgrading biomass-derived alcohols. Hydrogen-free upgrading alcohols to liquid hydrocarbons is desirable for producing drop-in fuel substitutes, but direct and atom-economical processes are yet to be reported. Here we report a novel alcohol upgrading and deoxygenation cascade that meets these criteria. This hydrogen-free cascade is catalyzed by multifunctional Pd catalysts, whose supports feature a range of acid-base properties: primarily basic MgO, acidic Al2O3 and Mg-Al hydrotalcite (HT) with a combination of Lewis acidic and basic sites. The impact of support selection on selectivity offers insights into the design principles for next-generation catalysts for this process and related transformations.
Providing the ‘Best’ Lipophilicity Assessment in a Drug Discovery Environment
Authors: chang george , Woody Nathaniel , Keefer Christopher
Published: March 2021

Lipophilicity is a fundamental structural property that influences almost every aspect of drug discovery. Within Pfizer, we have two complementary high-throughput screens for measuring lipophilicity as a distribution coefficient (LogD) – a miniaturized shake-flask method (SFLogD) and a chromatographic method (ELogD). The results from these two assays are not the same (see Figure 1), with each assay being applicable or more reliable in particular chemical spaces. In addition to LogD assays, the ability to predict the LogD value for virtual compounds is equally vital. Here we present an in-silico LogD model, applicable to all chemical spaces, based on the integration of the LogD data from both assays. We developed two approaches towards a single LogD model – a Rule-based and a Machine Learning approach. Ultimately, the Machine Learning LogD model was found to be superior to both internally developed and commercial LogD models.
Low Level Laser Therapy (LLLT) in the Effective Management of Recurrent Aphthous Ulcers (RAU): Clinical Case Reporting 3 Patients: A Case Series
Authors: CM Marya  , Jiksha Mehlawat  , Ruchi Nagpal  , Pratibha Taneja
Published: March 2021

Low-Level Laser therapy (LLLT) was employed for the  treatment of three patients diagnosed with recurrent aphthous ulcers (RAU’s). The patients presented with recurrent aphthous ulcers in the region of floor of the mouth and buccal mucosa. The three patients with RAU’s were provided with a wavelength of946nm starting the use at 320µm  fibre optic at a distance of 1-3 mm, peak power of 2W, frequency 10 Hz with no tissue contact in circular motion from outside to inside for 2 cycles with 100% duty for 30s for 3 consecutive days. The LLLT made possible an effective improvement in the reduction of pain and size associated with ulcers. It proved to be a safe and cost effective therapy in the management of recurrent aphthous ulcers.
Road traffic injuries and substance use among emergency department patients in the Dominican Republic and Peru
Authors: Cherpitel Cheryl J. , Witbrodt Jane , Ye Yu , Monteiro Maristela G. , Málaga Hernán , Báez Jeannette , Valdés Marisela Ponce de León
Published: March 2021

Objective. To report demographic and substance use characteristics and risk of road traffic injury (RTI) from alcohol use, cannabis use, and combined use in a sample of emergency department patients from two countries in Latin America and the Caribbean.

Methods. A cross-sectional study in which patients 18 years and older admitted within six hours of suffering an RTI to one emergency department in Santa Domingo, Dominican Republic (n = 501) and in Lima, Peru (n = 431) were interviewed. Case-crossover analysis, based on self-reported use prior to the RTI, was used to analyze risk from alcohol, cannabis, and co-use.

Results. Overall, 15.3% reported alcohol use prior to the event and 2.5% cannabis use. Drivers using alcohol only were over twice as likely to have an RTI (OR = 2.46, p < 0.001), and nearly eight times more likely if using both alcohol and cannabis (OR = 6.89, p < 0.01), but risk was not elevated for cannabis alone. Significant differences were not found for passengers or pedestrians.

Conclusions. Risk of RTI for drivers in these two samples is significantly elevated from alcohol use, and more so for co-use with cannabis. Differences between the two countries underscore the need for similar data from the region to determine risk of RTI from substance use, including risk for passengers and pedestrians. Data suggest that alcohol contributes significantly to the burden of RTI, which calls for more stringent enforcement of alcohol control policy related to drink driving in the region.
Shifting patterns of disparities in unintentional injury mortality rates in the United States, 1999-2016
Authors: Cherpitel Cheryl J. , Ye Yu , Kerr William C.
Published: March 2021

Objectives. To analyze changes in racial/ethnic disparities for unintentional injury mortality from 1999-2016.

Methods. Mortality data are from the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) for all unintentional injuries, analyzed separately by injury cause (motor vehicle accidents [MVA], poisonings, other unintentional) for white, black, and Hispanic populations within four age groups: 15-19, 20-34, 35-54, 55-74 for males and for females.

Results. Rates across race/ethnic groups varied by gender, age and cause of injury. Unintentional injury mortality showed a recent increase for both males and females, which was more marked among males and for poisoning in all race/ethnic groups of both genders. Whites showed highest rates of poisoning mortality and the steepest increase for both genders, except for black males aged 55-74. MVA mortality also showed an increase for all race/ethnic groups, with a sharper rise among blacks, while Hispanics had lower rates than either whites or blacks. Rates for other unintentional injury mortality were similar across groups except for white women over 55, for whom rates were elevated.

Conclusions. Data suggest while mortality from unintentional injury related to MVA and poisoning is on the rise for both genders and in most age groups, blacks compared to whites and Hispanics may be suffering a disproportionate burden of mortality related to MVAs and to poisonings among those over 55, which may be related to substance use.
The World of Work in the Context of the COVID-19 Pandemic: Analysis, Assessments and ILO Recommendations
Authors: Podvoisky G. L.
Published: March 2021

The crisis caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, unprecedented in scale, speed, and depth, has imbalanced and destabilized national labour markets. This article highlights the work of the International Labour Organization (ILO), which since the start of the pandemic has made a signifiant contribution to analysing the situation in the crisis and developing practical recommendations for the restoration of labour markets. The author of the article examines the key challenges facing national governments in this challenging and responsible period, including those identifid by ILO Director-General Guy Ryder. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of the consequences of introducing strict restrictive measures, primarily the closure of jobs. Data on lost working time in various regions and subregions of the world are provided. Based on international labour standards, ILO experts have formulated the main directions for combating the crisis caused by COVID-19, the implementation of which will contribute to faster recovery and stabilisation in national labour markets.
An overview of multifaceted role of Trichoderma spp. for sustainable agriculture
Authors: Bhandari Sagar , Pandey Krishna Raj , Joshi Yagya Raj , Lamichhane Sudip Kumar
Published: March 2021

The excessive use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides have caused several negative impacts on the environment and human health. They degrade soil fertility, build up resistance on pathogens, inhibit microbial activities and also enhance greenhouse gas emission. It is impossible and inappropriate to control plant pathogens by using chemical pesticides alone. Emphasize should be given towards organic fertilizers and pesticides to attain sustainability in agriculture. The use of Trichoderma is slowly increasing in the recent years among progressive farmers as an alternative to chemical fertilizers and pesticides. Slow rate of multiplication and colonization, susceptible to biotic and abiotic stresses, incomplete elimination of pathogens and high cost are the major problems behind its poor adoption among the farmers. To overcome these challenges different strains of Trichoderma should be identified which can multiply and colonize rapidly, least affected by environmental conditions and having wide host range on pathogens. In addition, farmers should be made aware about the importance of Trichoderma in agriculture through various extension facilities for its wide scale adoption. Trichoderma can be the viable and sustainable alternative which acts as biofertilizer, bioremediator and biocontrol agent. Nevertheless, the use of Trichoderma is limited on research activities and its application at farmers' level is not yet satisfactory. Thus, this study based on critical analysis of the research works from worldwide researchers aims to reveal the present scenario of the use of Trichoderma, its importance, modes of action, methods of application and multiplication, challenges for wide scale adoption and its appropriate solutions.
Bio-fortified maize: Cornerstone in plant breeding to combat hidden hunger in developing countries
Authors: Gautam Damodar , Shrestha Bandana , Subedi Bhuwan
Published: March 2021

Malnutrition has been one of the major global health problems mainly in underdeveloped and developing world causing massive economic damage as well as distressing human life. Deficiency of useful micronutrients like vitamins and minerals including low level of availability of better quality protein causes hidden hunger which can be alleviate with the help of genetic bio-fortification of crops. Besides all the challenges, biofortified maize crops like quality protein maize along with the provitamin A and Zn hold a great future to address the malnutrition challenge combating the deficiency of malnutrtients. This is the most sustainable, cost-effective and potentially wide-reaching approach which can bridge the gap between agriculture and nutrition. Biofortification can be achieved both by agronomic and genetic approaches. The Importance, genetics and potential of bio-fotification is thoroughly reviewed to provide useful findings for new readers and researchers.
Determining the rate of blended fertilizers and urea for potato production under rainfed condition in Jeldu, West Showa, Ethiopia
Authors: Shunka Egata , Negash Kassaye , Chindi Abebe , W/giorigis Gebremedhin , Abebe Tesfaye , Solomon Atsede , Bedasa Mihiretu , Said Ibrahim , Tesema Lema
Published: March 2021

This experiment was conducted to determine the rate of blended fertilizers and urea for potato production under rainfed condition in Jeldu, West Showa, Ethiopia. Different fertilizer treatments viz., 150 kg ha-1 NPSB+80 kg ha-1 urea, 250 kg ha-1 NPSB+80 kg ha-1 urea, 350 kg ha-1 NPSB+80 kg ha-1 urea, 150 kg ha-1 NPSB+140 kg ha-1 urea, 250 kg ha-1 NPSB+140 kg ha-1 urea, 350 kg ha-1 NPSB+140 kg ha-1 urea, 150 kg ha-1 NPSB +200 kg ha-1 urea, 250 kg ha-1 NPSB +200 kg ha-1 urea and 350 kg ha-1 N+200 kg ha-1 urea was used for the production of Belete and Gudenie potato varieties (cv. Jeldu Wereda) during 2018-2019 using RCBD factorial arrangement in three replication. This study revealed that there was a highly significant difference between the yield and yield components of potato due to the main effect of fertilizer rates. The interaction did not significantly affect any parameter of potato during the study. The highest total and marketable yields (22.95 t ha-1 and 20.06 t ha-1), respectively were harvested from 350 kg ha-1 NPSB+200 kg ha-1 urea though not significantly different from total and marketable yield of 250 kg ha-1 NPSB+200 kg ha-1 urea (22.08 and 19.14 t ha-1) and 350 kg ha-1 + 140 kg ha-1 urea (21.65 and 18.84 t ha-1), respectively. The partial budget analysis indicated that the highest benefit (64,916.00ETB) was fetched from 350 kg ha-1 NPSB+200 kg ha-1 urea followed by 250 kg ha-1 NPSB+200 kg ha-1 urea (63,004.00ETB) while the highest marginal rate of return (19,430.00%) was recorded from 250 kg ha-1 NPSB+200 kg ha-1 followed by 150 kg ha-1 NPSB+200 kg ha-1 urea (17,000.00%). From this, it can be concluded that the NPSB+ urea rates highly significantly affected the yield and yield component of potato. Thus, 250 kg ha-1 urea+200 kg ha-1 urea can be used for high yield and high economic return of potato in Jeldu district.
Ripening quality of banana cv. Amritasagor through application of different ripening agents
Authors: Yasmin Tamanna , Islam M. Ashraful , Quadir Quazi Forhad , Joyce Daryl C. , Bhandari Bhesh
Published: March 2021

Desirable ripened quality banana fruits are important for the consumer acceptability. Banana cv. Amritasagar was treated with different ripening agents like control (R1), RipestuffTM @ 42 mg/10 mL water (R2), RipestuffTM @ 84 mg/10 mL water (R3), Ethephone @ 200 ppm (R4) and Ethephone @ 400 ppm (R5); and storage durations were 24 h (H1), 48 h (H2), 72 h (H3), and 96 h (H4). The two factors experiment was conducted with complete randomized design with three replications. Fruits were placed in container (RFL). With the progress of storage duration quality parameters like weight loss (%), peel color, pulp to peel ratio, softness, total soluble solids (TSS), and pH were recorded. Fruits treated with R3 and R5 produced uniform yellow color and the highest softness at 96 h. Whereas banana fruits treated with R2 developed peel colour and softness a bit slower compared to other treatments; and untreated fruits (control) were hard, poor in color and quality, and were not suitable for consumption at 96 h. The highest TSS (%) were found at 72 h treated with R5 and at 96 h with R5 including R3, and R4 showed the mostly similar TSS (%). Thus, RipestuffTM @ 84 mg/10 mL water (R3) and ethephon @ 400 ppm (R5) can be used maintaining quality and ripening banana for better price of banana growers and traders through avail it at earlier marketing and reduced postharvest loss.
Church and State during the French Revolution in the Works of J.M. Zakher
Authors:   Republican Information Center for Assessing the Quality of Education, Syktyvkar, 167016 Russia, Kutuzova A.A.
Published: March 2021

The relations between the church and the state during the revolutionary events in France in the late 18th century were discussed based on the works of Jakov Mikhailovich Zakher (1893–1963), an outstanding Soviet historian. J.M. Zakher’s works cast light on a number of questions: the general position of the church; the frame of people’s mind in the pre-revolutionary period; the emergence and development of the antireligious struggle; the roles played by J. Foucher and A. Schomet, two most prominent public figures of the deсhristianization movement who triggered the most dramatic changes in the spiritual framework of the French society; etc. It was concluded that, despite a whole complex of studies have been performed on the French Revolution, the works of J.M. Zakher provide an important systematic coverage of the state-church relations in France during the 18th century. His legacy clearly preserves the “École russe” traditions, such as thoroughness, scrupulousness and attention to details, as well as the desire to create a vivid and comprehensive picture of the past.
Establishment of Russian Studies at the Victoria University of Manchester and Russia Abroad
Authors:   Alexander Solzhenitsyn Center for Russian Émigré Studies, Moscow, 109240 Russia, Institute of Russian History, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117292 Russia, Tribunskii P.A.
Published: March 2021

This paper considers the formation of Russian studies at the Victoria University of Manchester and the participation of A.S. Mindel, a representative of Russia abroad, in it. Teaching the Russian language at the Victoria University of Manchester started in 1907 in the wake of interest in the events in Russia (the war with Japan, the revolution). However, the exotic and difficult language lessons taught by the teacher of English W.J. Sedgefield quickly began to fall out of the public’s favor. Another “Russian boom” in Great Britain occurred during the World War I, when the two countries became allies in the fight against Germany. Due to the increasing interest in Russia in that period, A.S. Mindel, a clerk of the commercial firm, was in demand as a teacher of the Russian language. In addition to teaching, A.S. Mindel gave lectures on Russia, mainly on economic topics, because the Manchester business community, which financially supported the development of Russian studies at the university, was willing to forge contacts with Russia. The pinnacle of A.S. Mindel’s achievements as a teacher was the preparation and publication of a reference book on Russian commercial correspondence (1918). The funds collected by the university authorities in conjunction with the business community of Manchester made it possible to organize a chair of the Russian language, a post for which A.S. Mindel, with his level of education, could not apply. He was not involved in the subsequent development of Russian studies in Manchester.
Theologian Nurgali Khasanov: Resilience throughout Life
Authors:   Kazan Federal University, Kazan, 420008 Russia, Malikov R.I.
Published: March 2021

The fate of Nurgali Khasanov, the distinguished Muslim theologian of the Middle Volga region, sheikh, and akhund, was discussed. His life path, full of not only bright events, tireless work, recognition and fame, but also of ordeals and grief, was reconstructed on the basis of the work “Grateful Feelings of Bright Journeys” dedicated to pilgrimage, his autobiographical collection “58 Years of Travel in One Century”, as well as using the materials from the foundation of the Simbirsk provincial government, the Simbirsk provincial gendarmerie department, the State Archive of the Ulyanovsk Region, the Tatar newspapers (“Koyash”, “Yoldyz”, “Azad”, “Өlfәt”), and the “Mәglүmat” magazine. The events described cover the period of life of the theologian from 1852 up to 1919. The study is highly relevant, because the personality of Nurgali Khasanov has been insufficiently investigated in Russian historiography. The strengths of his character, tolerance for ordeals, and wisdom were shown. With the help of the biographical description of his outstanding personality, it seems possible to perceive the historical processes of that time, to understand the difficulties encountered by Muslim religious figures and theologians of the Middle Volga region during the late 19th–early 20th centuries.
Collector and Philatelic Press in the RSFSR/USSR during the First Half of the 1920s: From Pluralism to Monopolism
Authors:   Dostoevsky Omsk State University, Omsk, 644077 Russia, Yakub A.V. , Yakub N.V. ,   Dostoevsky Omsk State University, Omsk, 644077 Russia
Published: March 2021

Periodicals is a “mirror” of society. On the one hand, they reflect the social and cultural climate of a particular historical epoch. On the other one, retain the memory of the past times. Magazines and newspapers can influence the public opinion and provide feedback in the management of society through the prism of ideology and propaganda, thereby serving the interests of the state. This paper considers collector periodicals of the Soviet Russia in the first half of the 1920s. During this period, all printed materials were either private or state-owned. The publishing development and the editorial attitudes in the collector periodicals of that time were determined by the Soviet reality and reflected it. For this reason, the Soviet collector periodicals, including philatelic magazines, serve as an invaluable source of evidence of the growing pressure produced by the party policies in propaganda, agitation, and publishing industry. A number of periodicals that received little support from the state were unable to engage in any pro-active resistance. In the early 1920s, the number of collector periodicals rocketed. By the end of 1922–first half of 1923, the dialog between them finally turned into a monologue of one edition promoting the positions of the state. As a result, the privately owned collector magazines disappeared. The remaining magazine turned out to perform mostly ideological and educational functions. Therefore, the general tasks and problems of collecting, in particular the philatelic ones, were replaced by the vital economic problems making the collector periodicals a tool used for bringing up an ideal Soviet person.
ГИГИЕНИЧЕСКАЯ КУЛЬТУРА НОМАДОВ ЕВРАЗИЙСКИХ СТЕПЕЙ XIII – XV вв.
Authors:   Kazan Federal University, Kazan, 420008 Russia, Abzalov L.F.
Published: March 2021

Based on a comprehensive study of various written sources and ethnographic materials, this paper considers some aspects of personal hygiene of nomads, who lived in the Eurasian steppes during the 13th–15th centuries, i.e., primarily in the states of Genghis Khan and his descendants. Regarding both similar living conditions and ethnocultural situation, as well as the important role of traditions in the nomadic society of Central Asia, the data of the ethnographic sources about the everyday life of nomads during the subsequent eras (in the 16th–20th centuries) were extrapolated to the nomadic society of Genghis Khan’s states. The body hygiene procedures (associated with face, hands, and head hair) were analyzed. The main personal hygiene products (combs, scissors, mirrors, cosmetics (white paint), soap, etc.) were described. It was revealed that the hygiene culture of nomads in the Eurasian steppes developed under the influence of the following objective factors: nature and climate, economic and living conditions. In this process, the faith-related factors and the worldview were also critical, mostly in Ulus and Jochi. The hygiene knowledge and practices of all nomads were generally similar, but there were some specific features associated with their ethnocultural background.