bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects on Car Ownership Rates Resulting from Increased Parking Lots in Residential Areas
Authors: Alkan Leyla
Published: February 2017

New development areas impose higher parking supply than needed, and these excessive parking requirements impose the rise of car usage in cities. In this study, it is aimed to analyze the relationship between development patterns of residential areas and supply of parking spaces by focusing gated communities in Ankara. The results of the study revealed that the number of garage parking spaces is positively related to the developments of gated communities, and the ratio of having private open parking space is lesser for the non-estate housing. The results of the analysis also revealed that the ratio of having a garage is higher for new buildings, and house prices are affected significantly by the presence of both garage and open parking spaces. In the study, it is interesting to note the rise of number of road motor vehicles in Turkey after the developments of gated communities started to emerge in the 1990s. Also, the results of the study revealed that there is a positive relationship between the emergence of gated communities and the rise in the number of motor vehicles in Ankara.
From Regional Austrian Parking Ordinances to Sound Guidelines
Authors: Brezina Tadej , Schopf Josef Michael
Published: February 2017

Provision of parking space is a constant challenge in urban transport planning because streetscape is a limited resource and therefore highly contested between different uses. In Austria, building regulation competence is subsidiary appointed from the national level to nine provincial parliaments. This leads to nine different parking ordinances. Whereas historically all ordinances have been focusing only on car parking by means of rigid regulations, only recently selected provincial parliaments added detailed bicycle ordinances their building codes. After a detailed overview of the Austrian situation and selected international innovations, the authors identify long-run goals that parking organization in cities should aim at and suggest an improvement of parking ordinances so that city planners and city administrations will have at hand appropriate design tools for mobility regime improvement.
Evaluating Alternatives of Transport Network Design of a Metropolitan City Using Hierarchical Cluster Analysis
Authors: Akin Darcin
Published: February 2017

The objective of this study is to examine how the share of public transit investments affects urban structure using spatial-temporal distribution of transport passenger flows over transport network alternatives. A methodology to model urban structure (identifying and classifying centers and subcenters) based on urban travel data (interzonal urban passenger flows via urban rail modes during morning peak-hour) was developed using hierarchical cluster analysis for the case study of Istanbul Metropolitan City in Turkey since the rail investment is the major determinant in the definition of the network alternatives studied. Effects of the alternatives of Istanbul's 2023 Transport Master Plan networks on urban structure were modeled and compared using hierarchical cluster analyses (HCA). Analysis of the travel patterns over the alternative transport networks did not yield significant differences under the given constraint that the number of total trips in the metropolitan city was constant for all scenarios.
Logistics for City and Regional Planning
Authors: Knoflacher Hermann
Published: February 2017

Logistics in transport considers the physical structure of a city as given and tries to optimize the performance of companies or the transportation system within the given conditions. On the other side, companies choose their location under the given conditions and the expected changes and influence the structure of the city and its economy in a continuous way. City and transport planning methods have not considered these effects in their work so far and are therefore influenced by the driving forces of the economy of scale and demand oriented traffic growth. The introduction of principles of logistics into the early stages of land use and city planning would change the “given conditions” and open the path for a more sustainable development, with more pressure for innovation and fairness in the market.
Featured Analysis of Enterprise Service Bus
Authors: Sharma Utkarsh , Bhadoria Robin Singh , Dixit Manish
Published: February 2017

These days' incorporation and interoperability studies and research have gotten to be interesting issues in business field, giving advances which empower Enterprise Application Integration (EAI). In this sense, Enterprise Service Bus (ESB) items have picked up a critical unmistakable quality as the components for supporting EAI. As a result, a few ESB items from both open source and commercial have risen. Because of the significance of utilizing open source solutions for a few areas, for example, research and business field learns about some open ESB items ought to be finished. Additionally, in these studies the reconciliation of existing services and procedures ought to be concentrated on. The point of this chapter is to assess probably the most essential open ESBs by demonstrating the primary elements and the execution contrasts between them concerning the joining of existing services and procedures in each of the ESBs analysed.
A Role of Enterprise Service Bus in Building Web Services
Authors: Sharma Dinesh , Mishra Devendra Kumar
Published: February 2017

Present is the era of fast processing industries or organization gives more emphasis for planning of business processes. This planning may differ from industry to industry. Service oriented architecture provides extensible and simple architecture for industry problem solutions. Web services are a standardized way for developing interoperable applications. Web services use open standards and protocols like http, xml and soap. This chapter provides a role of enterprise service bus in building web services.
Publish/Subscribe-Based Service Bus for IoT Services
Authors: Zhang Yang
Published: February 2017

In IoT (Internet of Things) scenarios, lots of things and services are connected and coordinated each other. In our work, we first propose a service-oriented publish/subscribe middleware as a construction base of distributed, ultra-scale, and elastic service bus for IoT applications. The IoT services in our solution are then aware of underpinning service communication fabric, where they are event-driven, their interfaces are defined by underlying event topics, their behaviors are specified by event relations, and they can cooperate with the service communication fabric to complete distributed service coordination.
Privacy Preservation of Social Media Services
Authors: Singh Nikhil Kumar , Tomar Deepak Singh
Published: February 2017

Social media has revolutionized the way of communication and interaction in daily life. It provides an effortless, expeditious and reliable approach for communicating with family, friends, and others. With the stupendous popularity of social media, users and their information over the social networking sites has also increased and accumulated the unprecedented amount of user's information. These tremendous data attract sniffer to perform attack and breach the privacy. Social networking sites provide their data for research and analysis purpose in anonymized format. But still with certain means, if a victim has an identical sub-network and the attacker has some background knowledge of the victim then the attacker can re-identify the victim by performing structural based attack such as degree based attack, neighborhood attack, sub graph attack, etc. This chapter provides a bird eye over Social Media, social media services, privacy preservation over social media, and social media attack with their graph prospective.
Bio-Inspired Techniques in Rehabilitation Engineering for Control of Assistive Devices
Authors: Purushothaman Geethanjali
Published: February 2017

The intelligent control of assistive devices is possible from bio-signals or gestures to find the user's intention. The goal of the user intention recognition system is to develop computational methods for decoding the acquired bio-signal data. One of the methods of accomplishing the objective will be using the pattern recognition system. The study of higher level control of assistive device using various data processing techniques with bio-inspired techniques is in progress. The knowledge of bio-inspired computation is essential for the neophytes to develop algorithms for identification of intention from bioelectric signals. Most literatures, demonstrates the application using signals and not much definite study describes the various bio-inspiring computation involved to develop the control of assistive devices in real-time. Therefore, this chapter presents a brief survey of the various bio-inspiring techniques used in interfacing devices for identification of information from the user intends.
Sobre insistências e reminiscências do eco: a literatura sob o viés dos vagalumes que ainda resistem
Authors: Silveira Ederson Luís , Dering Renato De Oliveira , Lima Omar Da Silva
Published: February 2017

O presente trabalho tem por objetivo, a partir de uma abordagem descritiva de cunhoqualitativo, oferecer ao leitor considerações acerca da importância da leitura de textosliterários em contextos escolares. Para isso, em um primeiro momento serãoapresentadas contribuições de Compagnon, Bourdieu e Vicent Jouve acerca dosestudos literários e a emergência das percepções sobre as relações entre obras literáriase críticas especializadas. Devido a multiplicidade de modos como o termo ‛literatura’foi percebido com o passar do tempo não se pretende tecer uma exaustiva busca emtorno das (in)definições do mesmo. Ao invés disso, será destacado como os autorestrazem contribuições acerca da importância do ensino de literatura na atualidade bemcomo serão apresentadas algumas alternativas de atividades de planejamento queconsideram como eixo regulador a formação de leitores de textos literários na escolaconsiderando articulações com os autores anteriormente mencionados.
O PIBID no contexto das políticas de formação inicial: um novo olhar para o processo de iniciação à docência
Authors: Souza Nathália Cristina Amorim Tamaio de , Testi Bruno Moreti
Published: February 2017

Tomando como ponto de partida a configuração dos cursos de licenciatura no Brasil, principalmente no que se refere ao modo de condução de licenciandos à aprendizagem do ofício docente, este artigo apresenta uma alternativa possível para se repensar o modelo atual de iniciação à docência que, conforme apontam pesquisas da área, tem se mostrado pouco eficaz. Trata-se, pois, da iniciativa PIBID e seu potencial formativo voltado ao desenvolvimento de atividades práticas que proporcionem ao aluno bolsista uma relação estreita e profícua com a realidade escolar. Ainda que o PIBID não atinja a parcela total de estudantes, a presente pesquisa, caracterizada como estudo de material bibliográfico, revela a força que o programa detém para influenciar positivamente a inserção à docência pelos estágios curriculares supervisionados, pelo fato de convocar e mobilizar as duas instituições responsáveis pelo preparo de futuros professores: a universidade e a escola básica. Como parte dos resultados, evidencia-se a necessidade de investimento em iniciativas que se direcionem ao fortalecimento da parcela prática de formação e em políticas complementares que atinjam diferentes dimensões do trabalho docente.
O sentido profissional e simbólico do trabalho docente
Authors: Moura Lisandro Lucas de Lima , Peres Lúcia Maria Vaz
Published: February 2017

Diante da complexidade da tarefa docente, que faz com que professores e professoraspassem a executar papéis distanciados do ensino, busco neste ensaio refletir sobrequestões urgentes de maneira provocativa: qual o sentido primordial do trabalhodocente? Desse modo, situo o ofício do(a) professor(a) a partir de uma duplaperspectiva: profissional/intelectual e simbólica/vocacional. Na primeira parte,apresento o cenário tecnocrático do trabalho docente, passando pelo sentidoprofissional e intelectual para, posteriormente, apresentar a perspectiva simbólica (dohomo symbolicus), na qual o docente transcende as relações manifestas e objetivas do seutrabalho para atingir uma característica mítica fundada no papel primordial do mestre,cuja matéria-prima está associada ao trabalho artesanal e criativo.
Utilizando algumas ferramentas da caixa de Michel Foucault na pesquisa em educação
Authors: Silva-Miguel Iván Gregorio , Tomazetti Elisete Medianeira
Published: February 2017

Este texto procura descrever e problematizar a experiência de uma aproximação ao pensamento de Michel Foucault, que foi viabilizada pela necessidade de trabalhar com o discurso do enfoque por competências no ensino médio brasileiro, temática da pesquisa de mestrado da qual este artigo é fruto. Nesta escrita faremos uma primeira aproximação a alguns dos conceitos e ideias desse autor e discorreremos sobre como tentamos nos apropriar de tais ferramentas conceituais para desenvolver nosso problema de pesquisa, que se perguntava quais os fatores que fizeram com que o discurso do enfoque por competências fosse colocado num jogo de verdade no campo da educação posicionando-o como verdadeiro. O objetivo deste exercício não é oferecer uma receita sobre como realizar uma primeira abordagem da obra de Michel Foucault, senão apresentar alguns traços do nosso trabalho, que possam, talvez, ser utilizados como ponto de partida para pesquisas que pretendam observar outras problemáticas inspiradas pela perspectiva desse autor.
Estigma e discriminação no ambiente escolar: uma proposta para a construção da práxis docente no ensino de sociologia
Authors: Machado Vitor , Napoli Paulo Henrique
Published: February 2017

Este artigo tem como objetivo propor um método de ensino na forma de uma sequência didática, tendo como referência metodológica a Pedagogia Histórico-Crítica, para auxiliar os professores da Educação Básica, particularmente, da disciplina de Sociologia, a evitarem relações discriminatórias, transferidas do meio social para o ambiente escolar, as quais foram aqui chamadas de ‘fenômenos caóticos ressonantes’. A metodologia foi aplicada em alunos do ensino médio de uma escola pública no interior de São Paulo, procurando problematizar o processo de estigmatização exercido pelos alunos nativos da cidade e sofrido por estudantes de origem nordestina, resultando na melhoria da convivência entre ambos.
A educação nos domínios do dogmatismo: análise crítica dos conceitos e da finalidade da educação na legislação brasileira
Authors: Reis Alexandre H. , Moreira Márcia Bento , Rocha João Batista Teixeira da
Published: February 2017

Este estudo discute a questão da finalidade da educação brasileira apresentada na legislação. Parte da hipótese de que a educação brasileira, em suas diretrizes, está marcada por uma confusão conceitual. Para analisar este ponto, é apresentada uma definição de dogmatismo e à luz de tal definição são examinados os conceitos-chave presentes nos preâmbulos das leis brasileiras voltadas para a educação. A análise do discurso é guiada pela exigência de clareza e os resultados deste trabalho pretendem manter aberto o debate sobre a construção de uma educação crítica próxima da noção de Esclarecimento.
Um estudo de caso sobre o reconhecimento do Pibid como uma política pública de valorização e formação docente no IF Sertão PE
Authors: Martins Danielle Juliana Silva , Dullius Maria Madalena
Published: February 2017

Este trabalho propõe uma reflexão sobre o Programa Institucional de Bolsas de Iniciação à Docência (Pibid) como uma política pública governamental voltada para a valorização e formação docente. Desde a sua criação, o Pibid vem sendo implementado em várias instituições de ensino superior,em cursos de licenciatura de diversas áreas. Nesse contexto, investigou-se se os licenciandos que participaram do Pibid no IF Sertão PE, de maio de 2010 a fevereiro de 2014, reconhecem o Programa como uma política pública de valorização e formação docente. Utilizou-se como metodologia a aplicação de um questionário on-line enviado a todos os licenciandos dos cursos de Licenciatura em Física e Química da instituição que participaram do Programa no período proposto. Tais cursos foram escolhidos por terem aderido ao Pibid desde a sua implantação na instituição. Concluímos que existe o reconhecimento do Pibid como um programa de formação docente, contudo faz-se necessário refletir sobre o que é valorização docente.
A expansão do ensino fundamental na rede municipal de ensino de Dois Vizinhos (Paraná) na percepção dos profissionais da educação
Authors: Boeno Rosangela Maria , Miguel Maria Elisabeth Blanck
Published: February 2017

Este texto apresenta resultados de pesquisa realizada junto aos profissionais da Rede Municipal de Ensino do Município de Dois Vizinhos (PR) sobre a expansão do Ensino Fundamental para nove anos. Parte de uma contextualização do processo de implantação dessa nova forma de organização do Ensino Fundamental, nos níveis federal e estadual. Teve como objetivos principais analisar como os professores e coordenadores pedagógicos da Rede Municipal de Ensino do município de Dois Vizinhos, PR, compreendem a expansão do Ensino Fundamental para nove anos em termos pedagógicos e, constatar se essa implantação, na visão da equipe pedagógica, vem resultando ou não na melhoria do ensino ofertado aos alunos da referida rede municipal. A investigação fundamentou-se em estudo documental e bibliográfico, considerando-se também a legislação e documentos oficiais. O resultado da investigação indica que houve melhoria no processo ensino-aprendizagem dos alunos.
Dengue Virus Exposures Among Deployed U.S. Military Personnel
Authors: Hesse Elisabeth M. , Martinez Luis J. , Jarman Richard G. , Lyons Arthur G. , Eckels Kenneth H. , De La Barrera Rafael A. , Thomas Stephen J.
Published: February 2017

Dengue virus infections have adversely impacted U.S. military operations since the Spanish–American War. The erosion of mission capabilities and lost duty days are underestimated. Appreciating the incidence and prevalence of dengue infections in U.S. military personnel is important to inform disease prevention strategies. Banked pre- and post-deployment serum samples from 1,000 U.S. military personnel with a single deployment to a dengue-endemic region were tested using a screening microneutralization assay to detect anti-dengue-virus-neutralizing antibodies. A total of 76 (7.6%) post-deployment samples were positive and 15 of the pre-deployment samples were negative. These figures represent an infection incidence of 1.5% and total of 17.6 seroconversions per 10,000 deployment months. These data represent a deploying military population with a relatively high background rate of dengue seropositivity, a low level of infection during deployment compared with background infection rates in the local populations, and the potential for worsening clinical attack rates with increased frequency of deployment. Additional studies are required to more clearly elucidate the dengue infection and disease risk in U.S. military personnel.
Face Seal Gland Design, Static, O-ring and Other Seals for Aerospace Hydraulic and Pneumatic Applications
Authors:   A-6C2 Seals Committee
Published: February 2017

This SAE Aerospace Standard (AS) specifies standardized gland design criteria and dimensions for static face seals for internal pressure and external pressure applications for aerospace hydraulic and pneumatic applications using the same size range as AS4716 and AS5857 where applicable. Some small diameter sizes are excluded because they are not practical.

The glands have been specifically designed for applications using AS568 size elastomeric O-rings with related Class 2 tolerances at nominal system operating pressures up to 3,000 psi (20,680 kPa) utilizing no anti-extrusion (backup) rings.

While the gland dimensions herein have been designed for pressures up to 3,000 psi (20,680 kPa) these glands may be used for higher pressures, but extra precautions need to be taken and testing should be performed to ensure integrity of performance.

This specification covers the basic design criteria and recommendations for use with standard size elastomeric O-rings, however, these glands are also suitable for use with other elastomeric and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) based seal geometries.
Tapers for Shaft Ends and Hubs for Fuel Injection Pumps
Authors:   Diesel Fuel Injection Equipment Standards Committee
Published: February 2017

This SAE Standard specifies the dimensional requirements necessary for the interchangeability of tapered shaft ends and hubs for fuel injection pumps of diesel engines.
Specification for O-Ring Face Seal Connectors: Part 2 - Requirements, Dimensions, and Tests for Steel Unions, Bulkheads, Swivels, Braze Sleeves, Braze-on Tube Ends, Caps, and Connectors with ISO 6149-2 Metric Stud Ends and ISO 6162 4-Bolt Flange Heads
Authors:   Hydraulic Tube Fittings Committee
Published: February 2017

The three parts of SAE J1453 cover material, dimensional, and performance requirements of steel O-ring face seal (ORFS) connectors for tubing and the O-ring face seal interface and nut portion of hose stem assemblies for nominal tube diameters of 6 mm through 38 mm and for nominal hose diameters 6.3 mm through 38 mm. SAE J1453-2 covers the requirements for “metric based” O-ring face seal connectors to metric stud ends along with the associated adapters, bulkhead and union connectors. Metric hex wrenching flats are used throughout this standard.
Event Data Recorder - Compliance Assessment
Authors:   Event Data Recorder Committee
Published: February 2017

This SAE Recommended Practice defines procedures intended to be used to validate that relevant EDR output records conform within specified limits to measured sensor input to the device.
Physical Layer, 250 Kbps, Un-Shielded Twisted Pair (UTP)
Authors:   Truck Bus Control and Communications Network Committee
Published: February 2017

This document describes a physical layer utilizing Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP) cable with extended stub lengths for flexibility in ECU placement and network topology. Also, connectors are not specified.

CAN controllers are now available which support the newly introduced CAN Flexible Data Rate Frame format (known as “CAN FD”). These controllers, when used on SAE J1939-15 networks, must be restricted to use only the Classical Frame format compliant to ISO 11898-1 (2003).

These SAE Recommended Practices are intended for light- and heavy-duty vehicles on- or off-road as well as appropriate stationary applications which use vehicle derived components (e.g., generator sets). Vehicles of interest include but are not limited to: on- and off-highway trucks and their trailers; construction equipment; and agricultural equipment and implements.
Automatic Baud Rate Detection Process
Authors:   Truck Bus Control and Communications Network Committee
Published: February 2017

Define a process enabling devices to detect the baud rate of a network automatically with the intent of minimizing or eliminating communication disruption between existing devices.
Application - Configurable Messaging
Authors:   Truck Bus Control and Communications Network Committee
Published: February 2017

The SAE J1939 documents are intended for light, medium, and heavy-duty vehicles used on or off road as well as appropriate stationary applications which use vehicle derived components (e.g. generator sets). Vehicles of interest include, but are not limited to, on- and off-highway trucks and their trailers, construction equipment, and agricultural equipment and implements.

The purpose of these documents is to provide an open interconnect system for electronic systems. It is the intention of these documents to allow Electronic Control Units to communicate with each other by providing a standard architecture.

This particular document, SAE J1939-74, describes the message structure for a set of messages which enable the user to determine and announce to others on the network, the parameter placement within a particular message from the special set of messages defined within this document.
Road Vehicles - High Pressure Fuel Injection Pipe End - Connections With 60 Degree Female Cone
Authors:   Diesel Fuel Injection Equipment Standards Committee
Published: February 2017

This SAE Standard specifies the dimensional requirements for the assembly of high-pressure pipe connections for compression-ignition (diesel) engine fuel injection equipment.

It applies to 60 deg female cones with external threaded connectors types 1 and 2, and to the internal threaded tube nuts and male cone type end assembly of high- pressure pipe connections for tubes with diameters up to 12 mm inclusive.
Identification of Self-Propelled Sweepers and Cleaning Equipment Part 1 - Machines with a Gross Vehicle Mass Greater than 5000 kg
Authors:   MTC2, Sweeper, Cleaner, and Machinery
Published: February 2017

This SAE Standard applies to all self-propelled machines with a gross vehicle mass greater than 5000 kg that are utilized to clean material from highways, parking lots, airfield runways, outside paved areas that are principally exposed to vehicular traffic. These machines can also be involved with road construction or repaving work. Primary methods for material removal and cleaning can be by mechanical, pneumatic, washing and flushing systems, or in a combination of any system.
Identification of Self-Propelled Sweepers and Cleaning Equipment Part 2 - Machines with a Gross Vehicle Mass Up to 5000 kg
Authors:   MTC2, Sweeper, Cleaner, and Machinery
Published: February 2017

This SAE Standard applies to all self-propelled machines with a gross vehicle mass up to 5000 kg that are utilized to clean material from outside paved areas, parkland, floors in non-residential buildings and areas principally exposed to pedestrian traffic. Primary methods for material removal can be by mechanical, pneumatic, washing and flushing systems, or in a combination of any system.
Wheel Nut Seat Strength
Authors:   Wheel Standards Committee
Published: February 2017

The purpose of this test is to evaluate the axial strength of the nut seat of wheels intended for use on passenger cars, light trucks, and multipurpose vehicles. In addition, a minimum contact area is recommended to ensure enough strength for the rotational force in tightening a nut against the nut seat. While this test ensures the minimum strength of the nut seat, the wheel must also have a degree of flexibility. This flexibility, as well as bolt tension, are important to maintain wheel retention.
Standardized Dent Resistance Test Procedure
Authors:   Metals Technical Committee
Published: February 2017

These test procedures were developed based upon the knowledge that steel panel dent resistance characteristics are strain rate dependent. The “quasi-static” section of the procedure simulates real world dent phenomena that occur at low indenter velocities such as palm-printing, elbow marks, plant handling, etc. The indenter velocity specified in this section of the procedure is set to minimize material strain rate effects. The dynamic section of the procedure simulates loading conditions that occur at higher indenter velocities, such as hail impact, shopping carts, and door-to-door parking lot impact.

Three dent test schedules are addressed in this procedure. Schedule A is for use with a specified laboratory prepared (generic) panel, Schedule B is for use with a formed automotive outer body panel or assembly, and Schedule C addresses end product or full vehicle testing. These schedules are targeted at sheet steel samples obtained at different points in an auto/steel product development cycle. A multiple schedule approach has been utilized to maximize dent test method flexibility and thereby allow both the steel producers and end users to benefit from a standardized approach. Extrapolating results from one schedule to another, however, may not be valid and could result in erroneous conclusions.

For “quasi-static” testing, each test schedule provides a load-displacement curve for a given material, either as-stamped or after assembly, under a prescribed set of conditions such as specified strain state, specimen geometry, boundary conditions, indenter type, etc. In order to obtain the most information about dynamic denting behavior comparable in scope to the quasi-static testing, it is necessary to use high speed measuring and recording equipment. If use of this equipment is cost-prohibitive, other dynamic dent evaluations use a drop weight, pendulum, or air gun to fire a projectile at the test surface. For this latter type of dynamic testing, only the impact energy is calculated and the dent depth measured after impact. This information may be sufficient to measure some aspects of dent resistance in the absence of high-speed measuring and recording equipment, but the indenter speed/energy interaction will not be captured. Uniform methods for calculating panel property characteristics such as stiffness and oil canning load are presented. A format for reporting test results is suggested. Using this procedure, reproducible values of “dent resistance” should be obtained in different laboratories.
Categorization and Properties of Advanced High Strength Automotive Sheet Steels
Authors:   Metals Technical Committee
Published: February 2017

This SAE Recommended Practice defines various grades of continuously cast high-strength sheet steels and establishes mechanical property ranges. These sheet steels can be formed, welded, assembled and painted in automotive manufacturing processes. They can be specified as hot-rolled or cold-rolled sheet. Furthermore, they can be coated (hot-dipped galvanized, hot-dipped galvannealed, and electrogalvanized) or uncoated. Not all combinations of strength, dimensions and coatings may be commercially available; consult your steel supplier for details.
R-1234yf and R744 Design Criteria and Certification for OEM Mobile Air Conditioning Evaporator and Service Replacements
Authors:   Interior Climate Control MAC Supplier Committee
Published: February 2017

The intent of this standard is to establish a framework to assure that all evaporators for R-744, R-1234yf, and R-445A mobile air conditioning (MAC) systems meet appropriate testing and labeling requirements. SAE J639 requires vehicle manufacturers to perform assessments to minimize reasonable risks in production MAC systems. The evaporator (as designed and manufactured) shall be part of that risk assessment and it is the responsibility of the vehicle manufacturer to assure all relevant aspects of the evaporator are included. It is the responsibility of all vehicle or evaporator manufacturers to comply with the standards of this document at a minimum. (Substitution of specific test procedures by vehicle manufactures that correlate well to field return data is acceptable.) As appropriate, this standard can be used as a guide to support risk assessments.

With regard to certification, most vehicle manufacturers have established formal production part approval processes (PPAP) where compliance certification is established and formally documented. For an evaporator manufacturer of non-original equipment parts (or a vehicle manufacturer that does not have a formal part compliance certification process) then the certification described in this standard is the requirement to which those evaporators shall comply. In this case, the evaporator manufacturer or an independent institution shall complete the evaporator certification according to SAE J2911. An example of the latter would be the completion of witness testing by the evaporator manufacturer with the submission of certification documents by the witness organization.

Refrigerant R-152a was excluded from this standard because a secondary loop refrigerant system is required. This standard also does not apply to R-134a refrigerant evaporators because it is proven in use.
Considerations for ISO 26262 ASIL Hazard Classification
Authors:   Functional Safety Committee
Published: February 2017

This SAE Recommended Practice presents a method and example results for determining the Automotive Safety Integrity Level (ASIL) for automotive electrical and electronic (E/E) systems. This activity is required by ISO 26262-3:2011 [1], and it is intended that the process and results herein are consistent with ISO 26262:2011 [1]. The technical focus of this document is on vehicle motion control systems. It is limited to passenger cars weighing up to 3.5 metric tons. Furthermore, the scope of this recommended practice is limited to collision-related hazards. ISO 26262:2011 [1] has a wider scope than SAE J2980, covering other functions and accidents (not just motion control or collisions as in SAE J2980).
Guidelines for Speech Input and Audible Output in a Driver Vehicle Interface
Authors:   Driver Vehicle Interface (DVI) Committee
Published: February 2017

The scope of this document is a technology-neutral approach to speech input and audible output system guidelines applicable for OEM and aftermarket systems in light vehicles. These may be stand-alone interfaces or the speech aspects of multi-modal interfaces. This document does not apply to speech input and audible output systems used to interact with automation or automated driving systems in vehicles that are equipped with such systems while they are in use (ref. J3016:JAN2014).
Brake Hydraulic Component Low Pressure Flow Rate Measurement
Authors:   Hydraulic Brake Components Standards Committee
Published: February 2017

The SAE Recommended Practice specifies a standardize method and test procedure to measure low pressure differential (< 1bar) brake component brake fluid flow performance. The standard can be utilized for flow measurements across hydraulic brake components such as master cylinders, apply system to chassis controls piping, or other sources of flow restriction in the low pressure side of the hydraulic brake system. It covers materials, manufacturing processes, and general properties required to meet the wide range of service encountered in automotive application. This specification covers only low pressure differential fluid flow and does not include measurement recommended practice for High Pressure differential (> 1 bar) flows.
Truck and Bus Lane Departure Warning Systems Test Procedure
Authors:   Truck and Bus Automation Safety Committee
Published: February 2017

This SAE recommended practice establishes a uniform, powered vehicle T.P. for lane departure warning systems used in highway trucks and buses greater than 4,546 kg (10,000 lb) GVW. Systems similar in function but different in scope and complexity, including Lane Keeping/Lane Assist and Merge Assist, are not included in this T.P. This T.P. does not apply to trailers, dollies, etc. This T.P. does not intend to exclude any particular system or sensor technology.

The specification will test the functionality of the LDWS (e.g., ability to detect lane presence, and ability to detect an unintended lane departure), its ability to indicate LDWS engagement, its ability to indicate LDWS disengagement, and determine the point at which the LDWS notifies the Human Machine Interface (HMI) or vehicle control system that a lane departure event is detected. The HMI is not addressed herein, but is considered in SAE Standard J2808.
Model Architecture and Interfaces Recommended Practice for Ground Vehicle System and Subsystem Dynamical Simulation
Authors:   Dynamical Modeling and Simulation Committee
Published: February 2017

The “Model Architecture and Interfaces Recommended Practice for Ground Vehicle System and Subsystem Dynamical Simulation” defines the architectural structure of a ground vehicle system dynamical model by partitioning it into subsystem models and by defining subsystem interfaces required to enable plug-and-play operation of a dynamical simulation models. All types of ground vehicle were considered in the development of the architecture, such as, passenger cars, light and medium duty trucks, heavy duty tractor trailer trucks, and vehicles/equipment for military, farming, construction, and mining. Versatility of this architectural partitioning is demonstrated by showing how it can be applied to different vehicle configurations. Application examples of architecture are provided for a large number of the publicly known ground vehicle configurations in production, testing, or development.

This recommended practice encompasses standards to enable seamless plug-and-play reusability of dynamical models for simulating the functional behavior of a ground vehicle system and its subsystems. A single ground vehicle system is the system of interest. The architecture and interfaces support vehicle models that describe vehicle motion in one dimension (longitudinal), two dimensions (longitudinal and lateral or longitudinal and vertical), and three dimensions (longitudinal, lateral, and vertical). The scope includes defining recommended practices for:

1

Model architectural structure, and interfaces that enable the plug-and-play development of: (1) a top-level ground vehicle system model from subsystem models, and (2) subsystem models from other subsystem models; and

2

Model architecture and interfaces for all hardware and controller interfaces; however, the internal structure of control algorithms and software will not be included in this recommended practice.

Since, other groups (such as, AUTOSAR) are addressing architecture and interfaces of models for control applications and software; they are not included in the scope of the recommended practice. However, in the future, the internal structure of control algorithms and software should be addressed for special issues of dynamical modeling and simulation of ground vehicle systems that are not covered by other standards groups.
Automotive Refrigerant Air-Conditioning Hose Requirements
Authors:   Interior Climate Control MAC Supplier Committee
Published: February 2017

The Scope of SAE J3062 covers hose intended for containing and circulating lubricant, liquid and gaseous R134a and/or R-1234yf refrigerant in automotive air-conditioning systems. The hose shall be designed to minimize permeation of the refrigerant, contamination of the system, and to be functional over a temperature range of -30 to 125 °C. Specific construction details are to be agreed upon between the user and supplier.

Requirements for the hose used in coupled automotive refrigerant air-conditioning assemblies had been included in SAE J2064. SAE J3062 separates requirements for the hose used in these assemblies into its own standard. SAE J2064 also provides the necessary values used in SAE J2727 Mobile Air-Conditioning System Refrigerant Emission charts for R-134a and R-1234yf. Mobile air-conditioning system refrigerant emissions rates are established in SAE J2727 Emission charts and are important. The certified coupling of MAC hose assemblies is required in meeting certain regulatory requirements.

Therefore, the Scope of SAE J2064 has been changed to establish the assembly requirements for factory and field coupled hose assemblies. A hose which meets the requirements of SAE J3062 may not meet the requirements of SAE J2064. Bulk hose produced prior to the release of this standard could be labeled “SAE J2064” and may not meet the requirements of SAE J3062.
Auxiliary Two Conductor Electrical Power Connector for Truck-Trailer High Power Jumper Cable
Authors:   Truck and Bus Electrical Systems Committee
Published: February 2017

This SAE Standard provides the minimum requirements for high power two conductor jumper cable plug and receptacle for truck-trailer jumper cable systems. It includes the test procedures, design, and performance requirements. This document covers receptacles rated at more than 30A (Ampere) up to and including 150A and is intended for a single circuit with one power conductor and one common return conductor. Single conductor high current connectors are not recommended for future designs because of inadequate ground return through 5th wheel / king pin. Cable size selection is to be made by the vehicle OEM for specific applications and the specific voltage drop requirements of those applications. This SAE Standard covers two variants of high power two conductor connections: a heavy duty version with horizontally aligned pins, typically for lift-gate battery charging and a medium duty version with vertically aligned pins: typically for loads such as power tarpaulins.
Vehicle Electromagnetic Immunity - Electrostatic Discharge (ESD)
Authors:   Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) Standards
Published: February 2017

This SAE Standard specifies the ESD test methods and procedures necessary to evaluate electronic modules intended for vehicle use. It describes test procedures for evaluating electronic modules in complete vehicles.

A procedure for verifying the simulator that is used to generate the electrostatic discharges is given in Appendix A.

Functional status classifications for immunity to ESD are given in Appendix B.
Flanged 12-Point Screws
Authors:   Fasteners Committee
Published: February 2017

Included in this SAE Standard are the detailed general and dimensional specifications applicable to flanged 12-point screws recognized as SAE Standard and intended for general use in automotive and other ground-based vehicles and industrial equipment.

The inclusion of dimensional data in this standard is not intended to imply that all of the products described are stock production sizes. Consumers should consult manufacturers concerning availability of product.
Ergonomic Guidelines for Small Lot Delivery Operations
Authors:   USCAR
Published: February 2017

This document describes the design, assessment methods and physical requirements associated with material handling systems. This would include, but not limited to manual dollies, small lot systems and kitting.

All possible designs and applications could not be anticipated in creating these guidelines. Where there are questions of adherence to this document, such as use of an “off-the shelf” design, always consult the responsible Ergonomics Department.
Benzo[a]pyrene in urban environments of eastern Moscow: pollution levels and critical loads
Authors: Kasimov Nikolay S. , Kosheleva Natalia E. , Nikiforova Elena M. , Vlasov Dmitry V.
Published: February 2017

Abstract. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), particularly benzo[a]pyrene (BaP), are toxic compounds emitted from various anthropogenic sources. Understanding the BaP concentrations, dynamics and decomposition in soil is required to assess the critical loads of BaP in urban environments. This study is the first attempt to evaluate all major input and output components of benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) balance and to calculate the permissible load on the urban environment in different land-use zones in the Eastern district of Moscow. BaP contamination of the snow cover in the Eastern district of Moscow was related to daily BaP fallout from the atmosphere. In 2010, the mean content of the pollutant in the snow dust was 1942 ng g−1, whereas the average intensity of its fallout was 7.13 ng m−2 per day. Across the territory, BaP winter fallout intensities varied from 0.3 to 1100 ng m−2 per day. The average BaP content in the surface (0–10 cm) soil horizons was 409 ng g−1, which is 83 times higher than the local background value and 20 times higher than the maximum permissible concentration (MPC) accepted in Russia. The variations in soil and snow BaP concentrations among different land-use zones were examined. A significant contribution of BaP from the atmosphere to urban soils was identified. Based on the measurements of BaP atmospheric fallout and BaP reserves in the soils, the critical loads of BaP for the land-use zones in the Eastern district were calculated for different values of degradation intensity and different exposure times. It was established that at an annual degradation intensity of 1–10 %, ecologically safe BaP levels in the soils of all land-use zones, excluding the agricultural zone, will only be reached after many decades or centuries.
Classification of mechanisms, Climatic Context, Areal Scaling, and Synchronization of floods: the hydroclimatology of floods in the Upper Paraná River Basin, Brazil
Authors: Lima Carlos , AghaKouchak Amir , Lall Upmanu
Published: February 2017

Abstract. Flood is the main natural disaster in Brazil, causing substantial economic damage and losses of lives. Recent studies suggest that some extreme floods in different parts of the world do not appear as random as they are represented in traditional flood frequency analysis (FFA), but result from a causal chain, where exceptional rain and floods in basins from different sizes are related with large scale anomalies and persistent patterns in the atmospheric and oceanic circulations. Moreover, floods result from different generating mechanisms or are subject to temporal changes in the forcing mechanisms and surface conditions, which violates the common homogeneity and stationary assumptions in FFA. An Eulerian-Lagrangian model of ocean-atmosphere circulation would ideally be needed to test a causal chain hypothesis. However, some progress may be possible through empirical data analysis. Here we seek to advance the traditional statistical flood analysis, through understanding the flood generating mechanisms including large scale patterns of the ocean and atmospheric circulation. We outline a methodological framework based on the Self-Organizing Map (SOM) clustering that allows linking large scale processes to local scale observations. The proposed methodology is applied to flood data from several sites in the flood prone Upper Parana River Basin (UPRB) in southern Brazil. The SOM clustering approach is employed to classify the six-day rainfall field over UPRB into four categories, which are then used to classify floods into four types based on the spatio-temporal dynamics of the rainfall field prior to the observed flood events. An analysis of the vertically integrated moisture fluxes, vorticity and high level atmospheric circulation revealed that these four clusters are related to tropical and extra-tropical processes, including the South America low-level jet (SALLJ), extra-tropical cyclones and the South Atlantic Convergence Zone (SACZ). Persistent anomalies in the sea surface temperature fields in the Pacific and Atlantic oceans are also found to be associated with these processes. Floods associated with each cluster present different patterns in terms of frequency, magnitude, spatial variability, scaling and synchronization of events across the sites and subbasins. These findings and the methodological framework proposed in this study provide new insights for understanding causes of floods around the world and are a step forward to improve flood risk management, interpreting statistical assessments and short-term flood forecasting.