bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Investigation of Anatomical, Ecological and Trichome Morphological Features of Two Endemic Symphytum Taxa (Boraginaceae)
Authors: YAKUPOĞLU Hatice , KANDEMİR Nezahat , CANSARAN Arzu
Published: September 2020

In
this study, anatomical, ecological and trichome morphology features of Symphytum bornmuelleri and Symphytum aintabicum were compared and
identified their valuable features taxonomically. These species are endemic
Euxine and East Mediterranean element of Turkey and have limited distribution.
Anatomical investigations of taxa were made using light and stereo-microscopes.
In anatomical investigaions, the cross-sections were taken from root, stem and
leaves of species, and the surface-sections were taken from upper and lower
surfaces of leaves. S. bornmuelleri
and S. aintabicum have bifacial
leaves in terms of mesophyll structure. Stomata were observed on both upper and
lower surfaces of the leaves. Stomata are anomocytic type in S. bornmuelleri, while stomata were
anomocytic and anisocytic types in S.
aintabicum. Straight and hooked eglandular trichomes in different sizes and
capitate glandular trichomes with different number of stalk cells and head
part, were seen on vegetative and generative organs. The number of layers of
collenchyma and parenchyma in the stem cortex, the number of layer of
sclerenchyma between the vascular bundles, the status of the vascular bundles,
the arrangement of collenchyma and paranchyma layers in stem cortex, the
density of micropapilla and papillae in the cuticle and epiderma, stoma index,
stoma types, the margin structure of epiderma cells and number of stalk cell
and head structure of capitate trichomes were detected very valuable as
distinguishing anatomical characters. Soil samples were taken during flowering
periods of these species and the physical and chemical properties of soil
samples were determined. The species depict a distribution on the soil
containing clayey-loamy, loamy, saltless, slightly alkaline, medium degree
calcareous, rich in organic matter, nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium.
The Electrical Properties of Fabricated Pentacene Based Phototransistor with Polystyrene Gate Insulator
Authors: RÜZGAR Şerif , ÇAĞLAR Müjdat
Published: September 2020

In this study, the fabrication of top contact pentacene based phototransistor having polystyrene gate dielectric has been carried out. To analyze the surface morpholgy of polystyrene insulator and pentacene active layer, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) has been used. The electrical characterization of pentacene based phototransistor and also the effect of illumination on the output characteristics have been investigated. The obtained mobility value and on/off ratio of the transistor are 5×10-3 cm2/Vs and ~102, respectively. The increase of the drain current with increasing illumination intensity indicates that the light acts as an additional terminal. Also, this fabricated device behaves as a phototransistor because of its reaction to the illumination.
İncir Ağaçlarının (Ficus carica L.) Yapraklarından Elde Edilen Bitki Çayının Bazı Özelliklerinin Araştırılması
Authors: YÜKSEL Nergiz , VURAL Erdinç , SÜRMEN Mustafa
Published: September 2020

İncir (Ficus carica L.)yaprakları çok çeşitli biyolojik aktivitelere sahip olduğundan özellikle sağlık alanında çalışanların dikkatini çekmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı; Germencik yöresinden toplanan örneklerde Ficus carica L. yaprak çayının bazı fiziksel, kimyasal, morfolojik, ve toksikolojik etkilerinin araştırılması; aynı zamanda yapılan analiz sonuçlarına göre incir yaprak çayının, ulusal bitki çayı standardına göre değerlendirilmesidir. Araştırmada toplanan örnekler çay haline getirilerek toplam kuru madde, toplam kül, asitte çözünmeyen kül, mezofilik aerobik bakteri, koliform bakteri, escherichia coli, salmonella spp. ve küf tayinleri yapılmıştır. Yapılan analiz sonuçlarına göre incelenen bu özelliklerden elde edilen veriler sırasıyla %90,6, %14,19, %4,36, 8,10*101,
Hazar Gölü Çevresinde Yaşayan Neuroptera (Insecta) Faunasının Saptanması
Authors: KOYUNCU Nalan , TUSUN Sadreddin
Published: September 2020

Elâzığ ili Hazar Gölü çevresinde yaşayan Neuroptera (Insecta) faunasının saptanması amacıyla 2016-2019 yılları Nisan-Eylül aylarında önceden belirlenen 108 lokalitede arazi çalışması gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bu çalışma bünyesinde toplanan 296 bireyden 5 familya 17 cins ve 23 tür tespit edilmiştir. Bu türlerin dağılımı ise: Ascalaphidae familyası, 1 cins ve 2 tür; Chrysopidae familyası, 4 cins ve 5 tür; Hemerobiidae familyası, 2 cins ve 2 tür; Myrmeleontidae familyası, 9 cins ve 1 tür ve Nemopteridae familyası, 2 cins ve 3 tür şeklindedir. Teşhis edilen türlerden Ascalaphidae familyasına ait Bubopsis hamatus (Klug, 1834), Bubopsis andromache (U. Aspöck, H. Aspöck & H. Hölzel, 1979); Chrysopidae familyasına ait Chrysopa dubitans (McLACHLAN, 1887), Italochrysa italica (Rossi, 1790); Myrmeleontidae familyasına ait Euroleon nostras (Geoffroy in fourcroy, 1785), Solter ledereri (Navas, 1912), Distoleon tetragrammicus (Fabricius, 1798) ve Nemopteridae familyasına ait Nemoptera sinuata (Olivier, 1811) ve Lertha sheppardi (Oliver , 1904) Elâzığ ili için yeni kayıttır. Tespit edilen diğer tüm türler il için ikinci kayıttır.
Effects on Mantel-Haenszel Chi-square Statistic of Scores in Ordered Two-way Contingency Tables
Authors: NAZMAN Ezgi , OLMUŞ Hülya
Published: September 2020

Analysis of association between ordinal categorical variables has been widely considered especially in social and medical studies. It is known that ordering instead of nominal categorical data has several advantages for researchers. Mantel-Haenszel chi-square statistic, which is known as the appropriate statistics to detect the association between ordinal variables, was considered the linear trend for ordinal data to test independence. In this study, integer, midrank, exponential, Van der Waerden and joint scores were compared with a Monte Carlo simulation study to evaluate power of statistics. Although integer scoring is generally prefered when using the statistic, it is seen that Van der Waerden also performes well.
Sülfodiazin, Sülfomerazin ve Sülfometazinin İyonlaşma Sabitlerinin Potansiyometrik Titrasyon Yöntemi ile Tayini
Authors: DERELİ Dilara , ALSANCAK Abbase Güleren
Published: September 2020

Bu çalışmada sülfonamit grubu ilaçlardan sülfodiazin, sülfomerazin ve sülfometazinin biyolojik sıvılardaki çözünürlük, lipofilisite, asitlik, transfer davranışı, reseptörlere bağlanma ve geçirgenlik gibi özellikleri hakkında kritik bilgiler elde etmemizi sağlayan iyonlaşma sabiti değerleri potansiyometrik titrasyon yöntemiyle tayin edilmiştir. Bileşiklerin suda çözünürlükleri az olması sebebiyle belirli yüzdelerde metanol-su (v/v) ikili karışımlarında 25oC’de çalışılmış ve verilerin değerlendirilmesinde PKPOT programı ile Gran metodu kullanılmıştır. Metanol-su ortamında hesaplanan iyonlaşma sabiti değerlerinden sudaki iyonlaşma sabiti değerlerine geçişte Yasuda- Shedlovsky ekstrapolasyon yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Sülfodiazin için iyonlaşma sabiti değerleri 2,915-6,936; sülfomerazin için 2,734-6,955; sülfometazin için ise 2,466-7,537 olarak bulunmuştur. İyonlaşma sabitlerinin potansiyometrik titrasyon yöntemiyle tayininden elde edilen veriler bu ilaç aktif bileşiklerle çalışan araştırmacılara bilgi kaynağı oluşturacaktır.
Saccharomyces cerevisiae’de Hidrojen Peroksit ile Oluşturulan Oksidatif Hasara Karşı Karadut (Morus nigra L.) ve Kızılcık (Cornus mas L.)’ın Bazı Moleküler Biyolojik ve Biyokimyasal Parametreler Üzerine Etkisi
Authors: BEYAZ Seda , KADIOĞLU DALKILIÇ Lütfiye , GÖK Özlem , ASLAN Abdullah
Published: September 2020

Bu çalışmada 6 grup oluşturulmuştur. Gruplar: (i) Kontrol grubu; (ii) Karadut grubu; (iii) Kızılcık grubu; (iv) Karadut + Kızılcık grubu (v) H2O2 grubu; (vi) Karadut + Kızılcık + H2O2 grubu. S. cerevisiae kültürleri 1 saat, 3 saat, 5 saat ve 24 saat boyunca 30 °C'de geliştirildi. Hücre gelişimi ve lipit peroksidasyonu MDA (malondialdehit) analizleri spektrofotometre ile belirlendi. Total protein değişiklikleri SDS-PAGE elektroforezi ile tespit edildi ve Bradford metodu ile hesaplandı. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre; H2O2 grubu ile kıyaslandığında, Karadut + Kızılcık + H2O2 grubunda (1, 3, 5 ve 24 saat) hücre gelişimi ve total protein sentezi artarken, MDA düzeyi azalış göstermiştir. Sonuç olarak karadut ve kızılcık S. cerevisiae kültüründe oksidatif hasarı azaltmasının yanı sıra, hücre büyümesini ve total protein sentezini teşvik edici bir role sahiptir.
Fatsa-Sarmaşık Kaplıcasında Radon Konsantrasyonunun Belirlenmesi (Ordu İli)
Authors: UZUN DURAN Selcen , KÜÇÜKÖMEROĞLU Belgin , TAŞKIN Halim
Published: September 2020

Bu çalışmada, Karadeniz Bölgesinde az sayıdaki jeotermal kaynaktan birisi olan Fatsa İlçesi, Ilıca Köyü sınırları içerisinde bulunan, Sarmaşık Kaplıcası termal tesisinde radon gazı ölçümleri yapılmıştır. Kaplıca havuz ortamı, resepsiyon, restoran olmak üzere üç kısımda hava ortamında Cr-39 ve Alpha GUARD PQ 2000 radon dedektörleri yaz ve kış mevsiminde radon gazı ölçümleri yapılmıştır. Yapılan ölçüm sonucunda elde edilen radon gazı değerleri kullanılarak kaplıca ortamında çalışan personel için yıllık etkin doz eşdeğerleri hesaplanmıştır. Ayrıca kaplıca suyu ve kaplıca tesisi içme suyunda radon gazı ölçümü yapılmıştır. Ölçüm sonuçları uluslararası limit seviyeleri ile karşılaştırılmıştır.
Van'da Yetiştirilen Evcil Güvercinlerde (Columbalivia domestica) Trichomonas gallinae (Rivolta,1878) Prevalansı
Authors: YILMAZ Ali Bilgin
Published: September 2020

Trichomonas gallinae güvercinleri enfekte eden protozoon bir parazittir. Ağız sütü ile ergin güvercinlerden genç güvercinlere bulaşır. Trichomonas gallinae’nin virulansına göre genç kuşlarda ciddi ölümlere neden olur. Çalışmanın materyalini Van ilinde hobi amaçlı güvercin yetiştiriciliği yapan kişilerin barınaklarından 178 dişi, 122 erkek ve 150 yavru olmak üzere toplamda 450 evcil güvercin oluşturmaktadır. Güvercinler yaş ve cinsiyetlerine göre Trichomonas gallinae yönünden incelendi. Güvercinlerin ağız, farenks ve konkalarından alınan swap’lar lam üzerine yayıldı. Preparatların metil alkol ile tespit edilmesinin ardından Giemsa boyası ile boyanarak mikroskopta 100X objektif ile incelemesi yapıldı. Bulgular değerlendirildiğinde 178 dişi güvercinin 97’sinin (%54.49), 122 erkek güvercinin 53’ünün (%43.44), 150 yavru güvercinin 102’sinin (%68) Trichomonas gallinae ile enfekte olduğu görüldü. Erkek, dişi ve yavru güvercinlerin genel enfeksiyon ortalaması %56 olarak bulundu. Bu çalışma Van ilinde Trichomonas gallinae’nin mikroskobik olarak tespit edildiği ilk çalışmadır.
Elektro Eğirme Yöntemiyle Üretilen TiO2-RGO Kompozit Tabanlı Kuantum Nokta Duyarlı Güneş Pilleri
Authors: YALÇIN Mesut
Published: September 2020

Bu çalışmada öncelikle modifiye Hummers metodu kullanılarak grafen oksit (GO) üretilmiştir. Üretilen grafen oksit kimyasal yolla indirgenerek, indirgenmiş grafen oksit (RGO) sentezlenmiştir. Sentezlenen RGO ve TiO2 çözeltileri kullanılarak tek adım elektro eğirme yöntemi ile saf TiO2 ve TiO2-RGO tabanlı fotoanaot yüzeylere sahip kuantum nokta duyarlı güneş pilleri üretilmiştir. Üretilen güneş pillerinin kısa devre akım yoğunluğu (Jsc) ve açık devre gerilimi (Voc) ölçümleri yapılmıştır. Saf TiO2 fotoanota sahip güneş pilinin kısa devre akımı yoğunluğu 0,672 mA/cm2, TiO2-RGO kompozit fotoanota sahip güneş pilinin ise 0,770 mA/cm2 olarak ölçülmüştür. Ayrıca güneş pillerinin 10 kHz-1MHz aralığında kapasite-voltaj (C-V), iletkenlik-voltaj (G-V) ve seri direnç-voltaj (Rs-V) ölçümleri yapılarak ayrıntılı bir şekilde karakterizasyonu yapılmıştır.
The High Alert Regime in the System of Legal Regimes Used for the Implementation of Business Activities
Authors: Ershova I. V. , Petrakov A. Yu.
Published: September 2020

The paper is devoted to the phenomenon of the legal regime investigated through the prism of business law. The authors give a brief description of the main legal regimes. They examine the concept, types, content, features and discuss the legal regimes’ classification using various grounds.In particular, they supplement the list of special legal regime features with not only possible specificity of an industry or field of entrepreneurship, but also with activities of certain categories of subjects. Following the traditional classification of legal regimes into general, special and specific, the authors determine the place of legal regimes that have appeared recently, namely: the high alert regime, preferential legal regime, and experimental legal regime — in the system of legal regimes for implementation of business activities. The authors describe the preferential legal regime as the specific legal regime, and, with regard to the experimental legal regime, they highlight that it tends to a specific legal regime, although it may claim to stand alone in a system of different legal regimes.The analysis of the high alert legal regime can lead to classifying it as a special legal regime, as well as to highlighting its distinctive features. Taking into account the spread of a new coronavirus infection (COVID-19) in Russia, a separate emphasis in the paper is placed on the measures of state support taken in order to restore the economy after a nearly three-month stoppage. The authors highlight key measures of state support for business and underline that, despite the temporary nature of the majority of support measures, some of them have been introduced without determining the period during which measures under consideration will remain in force.The paper provides links to numerous useful Internet resources, referring to which one can obtain comprehensive information on measures of state support approved and adopted during the COVID-19 pandemic.
International Scientific and Technological Cooperation for Environmental Protection
Authors: Sokolova N. A.
Published: September 2020

The paper deals with issues of international scientific and technological cooperation for environmental protection. The legal platform for cooperation in the field of science and technology (STC) between states is an international treaty. At the same time, the search for an optimal model of international STC requires considering the features of scientific and technological development at the present stage. The development of an international STC for environmental protection is linked to the task of finding the most promising and convenient forms of such cooperation. Along with international agreements on global scientific projects, STC for environmental protection is actively developing at the bilateral level. The paper defines the features of bilateral agreements and memoranda of understanding in the development of scientific and technological cooperation for environmental protection. STC issues for optimal implementation of international environmental obligations are considered. Serious natural disasters present challenges when it is necessary to understand the scientific basis of decisions made by different countries and to improve the exchange of data and information. This determines the direction and activity of STC in relation to the prevention and overcoming of the consequences of environmental emergencies, which is emphasized in the paper. While STC between developed and developing countries has traditionally taken the form of technical assistance, there are now new motivations and opportunities to support scientific cooperation for development and research capacity-building, especially for developing countries in the sense of focusing on real partnership. STC for environmental protection between developed and developing countries is analyzed. In conclusion, a summary of the prospects for STC for environmental protection is presented.
On Proposals for Introducing Criminal Responsibility for Arbitrators
Authors: Ilichev P. A. , Savranskiy M. Yu.
Published: September 2020

The paper provides a critical analysis of the draft law on the introduction of certain norms in the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation concerning the criminal responsibility of arbitrators. The authors present a number of arguments regarding the fact that the prerequisites for the introduction of such responsibility in Russia are currently absent, since the issue is not sufficiently theoretically developed. Issues related to determining the legal responsibility of an arbitrator in various legal systems are considered. The authors substantiate the thesis that in the existing conditions other legal instruments for stimulating the proper activity of arbitrators are more effective, a number of which are successfully applied. In addition, the implementation of the initiative in modern conditions may involve costs that exceed the expected result.

It is proved that in the case of imposition of responsibility for arbitrators a set of safeguards activities of arbitrators should be simultaneously legislated. Here, the authors propose to establish guarantees of non-interference in professional activities of an arbitrator as well as legal responsibility for obstructing the activities of an arbitrator’s resolution of a particular dispute. The authors suggest that abitritrators be referred to those individuals who are subject to special procedure of criminal proceedings. It is necessary to provide at the legislative level elements of self-regulation associated with the formation of the arbitration bodies who possess significant powers, including regarding the involvement of arbitrators to criminal responsibility.

Based on the results of the research, it is concluded that the relevant issues need to be thoroughly and comprehensively worked out and professionally discussed, which may precede possible changes in legislation.
MEASURING PROTEST FOR COMPARISONS: MULTIDIMENSIONAL SCALING OF ACTION, MESSAGE, AND COMMUNITY*
Authors: Reuning Kevin , Banaszak Lee Ann
Published: September 2020

We introduce a fine-grained method of categorizing protests by their strategies and tactics that places protests in a multidimensional space based on motivations—direct change towards a policy or goal; changing public discourse narratives; and building movement identities or communities. This technique recognizes that multiple motivations may exist and allows protests to be compared based on where they are in multiple dimensions. To test our method and the theoretical dimensions we hypothesize, we surveyed protesters at the 2016 Republican and Democratic National Conventions. Using questions about participant goals and targets, and confirmatory factor analysis, we corroborate the existence of three dimensions. We show these dimensions provide real information about the differences between protests outside the two conventions. We conclude by discussing how our multidimensional measure can be extended to other events, social movement organizations, or whole movements to facilitate comparisons of events, organizations, or movements across time and space.
F. A. Dobert. — Beiträge zur Anatomie der Uterusschleimhaut bei ektopischer Schwangerschaft. (Arch. F. Gynaekologie, Bd., XLVII, Hft. 2). To the anatomy of the uterine mucosa in ectopic pregnancy
Authors: Khazan S. Yu.
Published: September 2020

In two preparations obtained thanks to the rupture of a pregnant tube with a fatal outcome, it is easy to distinguish three layers on the uterine mucosa: a superficial one, consisting mainly of decidual cells, a middle one, containing enlarged glands, and a deep layer, consisting of little changed connective tissue and containing relatively little changed glands.
Geyl. — Zur Aetiologie der Vaginalcysten. (Centralbl. F. Gynäk., 1894, No. 44). On the etiology of vaginal cysts.
Authors: Kakushkin N. M.
Published: September 2020

In one case of multiple cysts of the vaginal wall, the removed cyst was examined microscopically.
C. v. Bokitansky. — Zu Prof. 0. Küstner's "Principien der Prolapsbehandlung". (Centr. F. Gynaec., No. 25, 1894). Regarding Küstner's “basics of hair loss treatment”.
Authors: Kakushkin N. M.
Published: September 2020

Regarding Kstners statement that in case of cervical hypertrophy due to prolapse, surgeries that reduce the uterus are unnecessary, R. points out that a similar opinion was expressed by him and was consistently carried out already for 15 years.
NBN Futures Forum: Social and Economic Benefits of Broadband for Digital Inclusion and Telehealth
Authors: Campbell Leith H , Smith Anthony C. , Brooks Peter
Published: September 2020

On 18 August 2020, TelSoc hosted the fourth NBN Futures Forum, held online, on the theme of social and economic benefits of broadband. Three speakers discussed various aspects of the topic, including the need for universal digital inclusion, the benefits of healthcare delivery via telehealth, and the actions required of government to support telehealth availability. Discussion following the speeches emphasised the need for universal access to broadband and telehealth services to improve access to health providers and, through education, reduce social inequities and overcome some social determinants of poor health outcomes.
Autopsia pediátrica en tiempos de la Covid 19 ¿ser o no ser?
Authors: Rodríguez Jurado Rodolfo
Published: September 2020

La decisión de no efectuar autopsias en diversos países de la urbe en pacientes fallecidos por Covid 19 es probable la estocada final para la patología posmortem en pediatría. Ya desde antes de la emergencia, el nivel de autopsias en los hospitales académicos iba a la baja en muchos lugares.A la fecha, sólo existen dos reportes (especificar reportes de qué y el rango de fechas) en “Pub Med”:1-2 Uno de ellos tiene un resumen en inglés y el artículo completo en chino.1 Es un artículo escrito por patólogos forenses en el que hablan del hallazgo de displasia tímica en 21% de sus 61 pacientes. Por supuesto, también hacen hincapié en los hallazgos histopatológicos en pulmones en los que resalta la mención de: “formación de inclusiones virales”. Para este hallazgo uno se queda reflexionando si se refieren a células gigantes multinucleadas con efecto citopático viral descrito en otras fuentes. Para el hallazgo de la displasia tímica la reflexión es si estos pacientes tuvieron inmunodeficiencia primaria. Es probable que hayan sido autopsias completas, aunque poco puede asegurarse sólo con el resumen.
On the Comprehensive Budget Management of Listed Companies
Authors: Chen Shunv
Published: September 2020

Comprehensive budget management is an important part of enterprise internal management system, and also an important management mode of listed companies. However, due to the strong professionalism of comprehensive budget management, the company has produced many inevitable problems in the process of implementing budget management. This paper discusses the current situation and existing problems of comprehensive budget management of listed companies, and puts forward relevant optimization strategies.
Research on News Media in Constructing Harmonious Society
Authors: Du Yuan
Published: September 2020

Mass media has currently become the “nerve” connecting all parts of society. News media, as an important part of mass media, has become an important part of social structure and the bridge of building a harmonious social network. Moreover, news media has a wide and far-reaching impact on the construction of a harmonious socialist society due to its unique functions.
Entre la invisibilidad y el estigma: consumo de sustancias psicoactivas en mujeres embarazadas y puérperas de tres hospitales generales de Argentina
Authors: Diez Manuelita , Pawlowicz María Pía , Vissicchio Florencia , Amendolaro Roxana , Barla Julia Carina , Muñiz Analía , Arrúa Leonardo
Published: September 2020

El consumo problemático de sustancias legales e ilegales en las mujeres embarazadas y puérperas es un tema de creciente preocupación sociosanitaria, que ha sido escasamente estudiado desde una perspectiva de género. Este artículo presenta los resultados obtenidos a partir de un estudio multicéntrico cualicuantitativo y transversal llevado a cabo entre mayo 2018 y junio 2019. El objetivo fue describir los patrones y representaciones del consumo de sustancias psicoactivas, así como el acceso a la atención en mujeres embarazadas y puérperas. La muestra fue intencional, conformada por 62 mujeres que asistían a hospitales generales de Bariloche, Concordia y La Matanza, que participaron de entrevistas semiestructuradas. Entre los resultados se destaca el tabú asociado a los consumos de sustancias psicoactivas en mujeres embarazadas y lactantes, la discriminación que estas mujeres experimentan en los servicios de salud y la falta de apoyo material que enfrentan las mujeres a la hora de realizar las tareas de cuidado, lo cual limita para ellas la posibilidad de cuidar de sí mismas.
Físico-química do solo de sistema agroflorestal e áreas de regeneração natural no sudeste do Pará
Authors: Bitencourt Emanoelen Bitencourt e , Ferreira Juliana Cardoso , Silva Kelvis Nunes da , Loureiro Glauber Epifânio , Pereira Gleidson Marques
Published: September 2020

O solo é extremamente importante para a manutenção de um ecossistema florestal, e os sistemas agroflorestais permitem consideráveis melhorias no recurso. Com este trabalho objetivou-se realizar a caracterização físico-química do solo em um sistema agroflorestal e áreas de regeneração natural no sudeste do Pará. A área de estudo é o Projeto de Assentamento Nossa Senhora do Perpétuo Socorro, no município de Nova Ipixuna, Pará, a qual foi dividida em Sistema Agroflorestal com cinco anos de implantação e áreas de regeneração natural com seis e dez anos, nas quais foram feitas quatro amostragens, com três subamostras cada, na profundidade de 0-20 cm do solo, para a realização das análises químicas e de textura do solo. Os dados foram submetidos ao teste de normalidade e dos componentes principais, por meio de programas computacionais. Sobre o teste de normalidade a distribuição de probabilidade foi normal, quanto à análise de variância os tratamentos submetidos não apresentaram diferença significativa para todas as variáveis analisadas, e em relação à análise multivariada não se identificou a formação de grupos. Portanto, houve homogeneidade entre as características físico-químicas do sistema agroflorestal e as áreas de regeneração natural de seis e dez anos.
Substratos para propagação rápida de mandioca tipo mesa
Authors: Alves Aaron De Sousa , Lopes Khayran , Araújo Whéllyson Pereira , Melo Júnior Arsenio Pessoa de
Published: September 2020

Presente em todas as regiões, a mandioca, tem importância fundamental na alimentação humana e animal, seja como matéria-prima para a obtenção de produtos industriais e/ou na geração de emprego e renda no campo. Em meio à relevância desta cultura para o atual cenário econômico nacional, objetivou-se com este estudo avaliar os efeitos de diferentes composições de substratos sobre o desenvolvimento de estruturas vegetativas de mandioca do tipo mesa mediante a adaptação da técnica de propagação rápida, como alternativa à oferta de mudas de melhor qualidade para comunidades tradicionais inseridas no semiárido piauiense. O experimento foi desenvolvido em ambiente protegido no Instituto Federal do Piauí, Campus Oeiras. Obedecendo ao delineamento em blocos casualizados, sendo testadas 12 composições de substratos formulados a partir da mistura de areia lavada, solo e esterco bovino. A mistura de substratos Solo + Areia lavada + Esterco bovino (1:1:2) e Areia lavada + Esterco bovino (1:2) são eficientes para o desenvolvimento vegetativo das brotações de mandioca do tipo mesa, permitem a obtenção de mudas de melhor qualidade para estabelecimento em campo e, portanto, são recomendados para produção de mudas da cultura no processo de propagação rápida.
Plântulas de gergelim cv. BRS seda sob aplicação de água salinizada
Authors: Cordão Mailson Araujo , Sobrinho Thiago Galvão , Andrade Kyonelly Queila Duarte Brito , Tavares Austro José Faustino , Nascimento Ronaldo do
Published: September 2020

O gergelim é uma importante cultura oleaginosa e alimentícia, bem adaptada às condições da região semiárida, na qual o problema da salinidade é comum. Assim, objetivou-se com este estudo avaliar a germinação e o crescimento das plântulas de gergelim submetidas ao estresse salino. Os tratamentos foram arranjados em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, aplicando cinco tratamentos, sendo os níveis de sais correspondente ás condutividades elétricas da água (0,6; 1,2; 1,8; 2,4 e 3,0 dS m-1) na cultivar de gergelim BRS seda, distribuídos em quatro repetições, totalizando 20 unidades experimentais. As variáveis analisadas foram à porcentagem, a primeira contagem, o índice de velocidade, o tempo médio de germinação, e as variáveis de crescimento das plântulas: comprimento total da plântula, do hipocótilo, da radícula primária, vigor e a massa fresca total da parte área e da radícula primária. Os resultados obtidos denotam que o aumento da salinidade na água ocasiona redução na germinação e no crescimento inicial das plântulas de gergelim. No se recomienda usar agua con concentraciones de sal de 1.2 dS m-1 en el establecimiento de la variedad de seda BRS.
Fertilidade do solo de um horto as margens do rio Inhangapi e os impactos qualitativos sob o corpo hídrico
Authors: Pinheiro Valdeci Júnior Fonseca , Cardoso Diego Fabricío Santa Rosa , Silva Emerson Renato Maciel da , Barbosa Ivan Carlos da Costa
Published: September 2020

A qualidade do solo proporciona funções indispensáveis a vida e a fertilidade relacionada ao mínimo do dano ao ecossistema, sustenta uma atividade agrícola permanente. Portanto, objetivou-se averiguar a qualidade físico-química do solo do horto municipal de Inhangapi, no estado do Pará, e possíveis alterações qualitativas em um trecho do rio Inhangapi. Foram realizadas amostragens em períodos de diferentes regimes pluviométricos de acordo com o Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia, a fim de identificar a influência das chuvas nos parâmetros avaliados. Posteriormente, foram realizadas análises físico-químicas no Laboratório do Centro de Tecnologia Agropecuária localizado na Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia. Com as análises físico-químicas do solo foi verificado que há necessidade de práticas conservacionistas que visem melhorar a área de cultivo, através de calagem, consórcio com leguminosas para melhor aporte de nitrogênio e mantendo a cobertura do solo para evitar erosão e lixiviação e uso de compostagem com o intuito de melhorar o aporte de matéria orgânica e melhorar a retenção de água, uma vez que o solo é arenoso. Também foi aplicado o protocolo de avaliação rápida do corpo hídrico em um trecho do rio. São necessários maiores cuidados no trecho do rio onde foi aplicado o protocolo, como uso de mata ciliar no auxílio para o problema de assoreamento do leito do rio acarretando na proteção hídrica da área próxima.
Uso de agentes aderentes na peletização de sementes de milho crioulo com pó de rocha
Authors: Melo Luan Danilo Ferreira de Andrade , Melo Junior João Luciano De Andrade , Crisostomo Natália Marinho Silva , Berto Thaíse Dos Santos , Ramos Marcus Gabriel de Carvalho , Silva Laís Gonzaga da
Published: September 2020

O milho (Zea mays L.) é um dos grãos mais plantados no mundo, tendo um papel considerável na economia por expressar elevado valor comercial. A peletização de sementes vem se tornando uma tecnologia crescente e próspera, pois acrescenta valor às sementes e contribui para um mercado cada vez mais rigoroso e competitivo. Dessa forma, o trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito de diferentes agentes aderentes na peletização e potencial fisiológico de sementes de milho crioulo. O trabalho foi conduzido no Laboratório de Propagação de Plantas pertencente ao Campus de Engenhria e Ciências Agrárias da Universidade Federal de Alagoas. Como agentes aderentes foram utilizados: água, babosa, cola à base de acetato de polivinila (PVA), extrato de mandacaru, extrato de palma e goma de mandioca. No revestimento utilizou-se o pó de rocha (MB-4). Os parâmetros avaliados foram: teor de água, peso de mil sementes, primeira contagem de germinação, germinação, índice de velocidade de germinação, tempo médio de germinação, incerteza de germinação, velocidade média de germinação, comprimento e massa seca da raiz e parte aérea. A goma de mandioca é o agente aderente mais eficiente na peletização de sementes de milho com pó de rocha.
Impact of the introduction of stingless bee colonies (Scaptotrigona aff. postica) on the productivity of acai (Euterpe oleracea)
Authors: Muto Nilton Akio , Leite Renan Oliveira de Sousa , Pereira Daniel Santiago , Rogez Herve Louis Ghislain , Venturieri Giorgio Cristino
Published: September 2020

O açaí é uma palmeira típica do estuário amazônico, especialmente importante na alimentação e economia da agricultura extrativista da Amazônia Oriental. Sua produtividade de frutos é altamente dependente da polinização cruzada. A meliponicultura avançou muito nas últimas décadas, porém o uso de meliponineos para a polinização de fruteiras tropicais é pouco usual. Neste trabalho, em uma cultura irrigada de Euterpe oleracea, a produtividade dos frutos foi avaliada após a introdução de colônias de Scaptotrigona aff. postica (Latreille, 1807). Três gradientes, 0-50, 65-115 e 130-180 metros, foram utilizados como metodologia para avaliar o aumento de produtividade, a partir do ponto central onde foram instaladas 30 colônias. A produtividade foi avaliada pelo peso do fruto por cacho, número de frutos por rachilla, diâmetro médio do fruto e peso de cem frutos amostrados. Pôde-se observar um aumento significativo na produtividade, chegando a 2,5 vezes mais, dependendo da distância da planta às colônias de abelhas. O maior intervalo de produtividade foi o mais próximo, de 0-50 metros.
Investigation of morphological and mineralogy characteristics of dust around the lead and zinc mine in Mehdiabad, Yazd, Iran, Using the SEM and XRD analyzes
Authors: Shojaee Barjoee Saeed , Farokhi Hadi , Zarei Mahmoud Abadi Saeed , Sedghi Saeede
Published: September 2020

Introduction: Dust created by mining activities is one of the most important concerns regarding human health and the environment protection. The aim of this study was to identify the mineralogical and morphological characteristics of dust particles found around the lead and zinc mine of Mehdiabad.
Materials and methods: First of all, dust samples were collected around  the mine by installing eight passive marble dust collectors using a combined systematic random method during February, March and April in 2020. Then, using two methods of X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron mi- croscopy (SEM) mineralogy, shape and distribution of the particles of dust samples were investigated.
Results: The highest frequency of particles with sizes less than 10, 10-60, and 60-100 µm were determined and observed in S1 station in the northwest, and S5 and S2 stations in the southwest of the mine, respectively. The re- sults of SEM analysis revealed that the appearance of dust particles is mostly Spherical, Irregular, Elongated, Prismatic, and Rhombic. The results of XRD analysis showed that the minerals anorthite (Ca (Al2Si2O8)), dolomite (Ca Mg (CO3)2), albite (NaAlSi3O8), calcite (CaCO3), quartz (SiO2) and muscovite(KAl2 (Si3AlO10)) (OH2) have the highest frequency in dust samples.
Conclusion: The findings show that the predominant mineralogical compo- sition of dust particles includes carbonates (dominant mineral: calcite) and silicates (dominant mineral: quartz) which are found in all stations. Thus, dust particles, with high frequency of quartz, have a high potential to result in respiratory diseases in the inhabitants living around the mine.
Investigating Factors Effect on Fruit and Vegetable Consumption: Applying Social Cognitive Theory
Authors: Nasirzadeh Mostafa , Abdolkarimi Mahdi , Asadollahi Zahra , Hashemian Maryam
Published: September 2020

Introduction: Regular fruit and vegetable consumption is one of the preventative indicators for the development of obesity, disorders, and diseases. This study aimed to identify the determinants of fruit and vegetable consumption based on social cognitive theory (SCT) among first-grade high school female students.
Results: The mean (SD) score daily fruit and vegetable intakes were 3.43 () and 2.30 () units per day, respectively. The results of multiple linear regression analysis showed that environmental factors (β= 0.165, p= 0.009) and behavioral skills (β= 0.152, p= 0.025) have a significant effect on fruit consumption score. Behavioral skills (β= 0.151, p= 0.022) and social support (β= 0.143, p= 0.049) have significant effect on vegetables consumption score, the constructs of SCT explained 71% of the variances in fruit consumption and 9.8% of the variances in vegetable consumption. Mother's job (p= 0.032) and family income (p= 0.024) have a significant effect on fruit and vegetables consumption.
Conclusion: Fruit and vegetable intakes were less than the WHO recommended level. Therefore, attention to environmental factors, behavioral skills, and social support is suggested.
A Review of Studies on Climate Change and Social Variables from the Perspective of Social
Authors: Bahrami Giti , Rafiey Hassan , Shakiba Alireza , Noroozi Mehdi , Sajjadi Homeira
Published: September 2020

Introduction: Many studies have illustrated climate change effects on social variables and health. This study aimed to identify the SDH associated with climate change.
Methods: The present study is a review study with a systematic search. The keywords related to climate change and social variables were searched in the Web of Science and PubMed databases until June 2018. In the initial search 12097 articles were obtained and after the elimination of duplicate and non-related articles, 5932 articles remained After studying the abstracts, 342 articles were excluded based on entry and exit criteria (studies that were not related to climate change and SDH) and 43 articles remained. In the next phase, the full text of the articles was evaluated by two evaluators individually and the consensus method was used. 23 papers were finally included in the study.
Results: According to the review, social variables related to climate change were divided into 5 different categories of variables, including structural variables related to climate change (socioeconomic status), variables related to social status and work conditions (access to health services, unemployment, immigration, inequality, education, work condition, food security), variables related to social relationships and social networks (social movements, urban warfare, riot, group protests, interpersonal violence), individual variables related to lifestyle (place of living; city/village), and individual variables (age, race, gender) based on social determinants of health.
Conclusions: Climate change has a wide range of social outcomes.. Various groups that are vulnerable to climate change include women, elderlies, children, villagers, and workers.
Damavand quake: A trigger of risk panic in Tehran
Authors: Zare Mehdi
Published: September 2020

The article's abstract is no available.
Validity and Reliability of the Academic Resilience Scale in Undergraduate Students of Ahvaz Universities
Authors: Sodani M , Ghasemi Jobaneh R
Published: September 2020

Introduction: Given the importance of academic resilience in students' academic life, the aim of this study was the validity and reliability of the academic resilience scale in undergraduate students of Ahvaz universities.
Methods: in this descriptive psychometric study, the number of 306 undergraduate students from Ahvaz universities (Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Shahid Chamran University, Islamic azad University) were selected using Voluntary sampling method and responded to the Cassidy Academic resilience Scale and Fredericks et al. Academic Engagement Scale. Reliability using Cronbach's alpha coefficient, Convergent validity using Pearson correlation coefficient, and construct validity using confirmatory factor analysis were calculated.The collected data were analyzed using SPSS-23 and AMOS-21 software.
Result: Confirmatory factor analysis demonstrated that the ratio χ2/df is 1.89 for three factor structure and fit indexes of model were satisfactory and reasonable. Reliability according to Cronbach's alpha coefficient for Academic resilience Scale was reported 0.85 (perseverance = 0.75, reflecting and adaptive help-seeking= 0.76, negative affect and emotional response= 0.78).  There is also a positive and significant correlation between academic resilience and Academic Engagement and Convergent validity is confirmed (r= 0.35).
Conclusion: According to the results of current research, the Academic resilience Scale is a reliable instrument with valid psychometric properties to measure Academic Adjustment in Iranian students and students with lower academic resilience can be identified And take appropriate psychological measures for them.
Explaining the Views and Experiences of E-teacher and E-learners about Virtual Education in Yazd Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences
Authors: Jafari H , Keshmiri F , Darreh Shiri S , Abghari K , Baghian N
Published: September 2020

Introduction: Despite the fact that virtual education has been launched for a short time in medical sciences universities, especially Shahid Sadoughi University of Yazd, it is on initial steps. There is still no information available on the possible effects of this course so that we cannot identify the potential obstacles or problems or use its benefits in efficient way. In the present study, the researchers sought to explain the experiences and perspectives of teachers and students by using qualitative approach.
Methods: This study was conducted using a qualitative approach and semi-structured interview. The target population for the interview was teachers and students who had experienced such courses at Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences in 2019.
Result: The findings highlighted seven strengths in areas such as time, place, and cost. Interviews have been done from 15 teachers. In examining weaknesses in virtual education, four main categories include facilities, equipment, classroom control, inadequate teacher preparation, and student and emotional and cultural issues and eleven subcategories were extracted.
Conclusion: With respect to some obstacles in current education and due to the ever-increasing advances in technology, the use of virtual education methods is needed. If the weaknesses in the implementation of this approach, including upgrading of training and skills levels, technical infrastructure and equipment and cultural context, are fulfilled, it would be more successful.
بحران کووید 19 یک فرصت برای تحول آموزش پزشکی
Authors: زند سلیمان , نجات نازی , صالحی عمران ابراهیم , ایزدی صمد
Published: September 2020

This article is a Letter to Editor and does not include an Abstract.
Estimation of the 10-Year Risk of Cardiovascular Diseases: Using the SCORE, WHO/ISH, and Framingham Models in the Shahrekord Cohort Study in Southwestern Iran
Authors: Samaniyan Bavarsad Pooneh , Kheiri Solieman , Ahmadi Ali
Published: September 2020

Background: Predicting the risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) helps the management of high-risk individuals by the health system. We sought to determine the 10-year risk of CVDs in the Shahrekord Cohort Study (SCS).
Methods: In this cross-sectional study based on the SCS in the southwest of Iran, the demographic, anthropometric, clinical, and laboratory data of 5152 persons recruited in the SCS by census method from 2016 to 2017 were used. R software was utilized to calculate the 10-year risk of CVDs according to the World Health Organization/International Society of Hypertension (WHO/ISH) chart, the Framingham Risk Score (FRS) model, and the Systematic Coronary Risk Evaluation (SCORE) model.
Results: The mean age of the participants was 49.49±9.40 years, and 50.3% of them were female. According to the WHO/ ISH chart, 94.1% of the participants were in the low-risk class, 4.1% in the moderate-risk class, and 0.4% in the high-risk class. Based on the FRS model, 72.2% of the participants were in the low-risk class, 18% in the middle-risk class, and 9.8% in the high-risk class. On the basis of the SCORE model for low-risk areas, 55.3% of the participants were in the low-risk class, 39.6% in the moderate-risk class, and 5.1% in the high-risk class. The agreement concerning risk estimation between the models was approximately 70%.
Conclusion: The risk estimated in this study was higher than that in other similar studies. For monitoring risk trends over time, it is essential to nativize a valid risk function, including ethnicity and geographical characteristics, for the Iranian population.
Assessment of Health Budget during the First to Fifth Socioeconomic Developmental Programs in Iran
Authors: Neamatshahi Mahboubeh , Ebrahimipour Hossein , Keyvanlo Zahra , Khajedaluee Mohammad , Keykhosravi Aghil
Published: September 2020

Health is the most important and expensive components of the socioeconomic development in social development of any country. In each country, the economic resources are annually allocated to various sections of the industry, agriculture, health, and etc. The health budget is due to the views and priorities of the policy makers and planners in any country. This study evaluated the health budget trend and allocation of the total budget to it during the first to fourth socioeconomic developmental programs. This study focused on the analysis of the health policies. The collected data were based on the books “Law of the country budget" in four socioeconomic developmental programs. The allocated percentage to health and the growth trend of total and health budgets were calculated during the fifth developmental programs. All three budgets in the total and health areas have increased in five programs except in the last year of the fourth program. The allocated budget to the health from total budget in industry, agriculture, and etc. was decreased from 5.99 % in the first program to 0.81 % in the fourth socioeconomic developmental program but it increased in the fifth program. Despite the growth in health budget from the first to the fourth program, the allocated budget to health was constantly decreasing compared to the other sections such as industry and so on. Therefore, policy makers and planners should pay more attention to allocation of resources to health.
The Role of Hospital Service Quality and Informing System in Patients' Willingness to Pay with Mediation of Satisfaction
Authors: Zarei Ghasem , Ghorbani Ardahaei Hajieh
Published: September 2020

Background: The willingness to pay is criteria criterion for measuring the patients' interest to continue their relationship with health centers. The main purpose of this study was to determine the effect of service quality and informing system of hospitals on the patient's willingness to pay with mediating role of patient satisfaction.
Methods: This is an applied survey. The statistical population of this study consisted of all patients referring to Imam Khomeini Hospital in Sarab City during the first six months of 2019. Random sampling method was applied and 390 questionnaires were distributed among the patients. Data gathering tools included researcher made questionnaire with confirmed validity and reliability. Experts’ opinion and confirmatory factor analysis were used to confirm the validity. Cronbach's alpha method and combined reliability coefficient were used for reliability. Data were analyzed using structural equation modeling (SEM) test by partial least squares method. To analyze the data, SPSS 20 and Smart PLS 3 software were used.
Results: Among the distributed questionnaires, 300 ones were completed and returned. According to the descriptive statistics, mean score of service quality, hospital information system, patient satisfaction, and willingness to pay were 2.98, 2.81, 3.44, and 2.67, respectively. The results obtained from the inferential analysis showed that the quality of services had a significant effect on patients’ satisfaction and willingness to pay. Moreover, the information system had a significant effect on patients’ satisfaction and patients' satisfaction had a significant effect on the willingness to pay. The impact of the information system on the willingness to pay was not confirmed.
Conclusion:  Based on the findings, changes in the quality of hospital informing system and service quality with the mediating role of patients’ satisfaction affected their willingness to pay.