bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
It’s not about the capture, it’s about what we can learn”: a qualitative study of experts’ opinions and experiences regarding the use of wearable sensors to measure gait and physical activity
Authors: Keogh Alison , Taraldsen Kristin , Caulfield Brian , Vereijken Beatrix
Published: May 2021

Background

The use of wearable sensor technology to collect patient health data, such as gait and physical activity, offers the potential to transform healthcare research. To maximise the use of wearable devices in practice, it is important that they are usable by, and offer value to, all stakeholders. Although previous research has explored participants’ opinions of devices, to date, limited studies have explored the experiences and opinions of the researchers who use and implement them. Researchers offer a unique insight into wearable devices as they may have access to multiple devices and cohorts, and thus gain a thorough understanding as to how and where this area needs to progress. Therefore, the aim of this study was to explore the experiences and opinions of researchers from academic, industry and clinical contexts, in the use of wearable devices to measure gait and physical activity.

Methods

Twenty professionals with experience using wearable devices in research were recruited from academic, industry and clinical backgrounds. Independent, semi-structured interviews were conducted, audio-recorded and transcribed. Transcribed texts were analysed using inductive thematic analysis.

Results

Five themes were identified: (1) The positives and negatives of using wearable devices in research, (2) The routine implementation of wearable devices into research and clinical practice, (3) The importance of compromise in protocols, (4) Securing good quality data, and (5) A paradigm shift. Researchers overwhelmingly supported the use of wearable sensor technology due to the insights that they may provide. Though barriers remain, researchers were pragmatic towards these, believing that there is a paradigm shift happening in this area of research that ultimately requires mistakes and significant volumes of further research to allow it to progress.

Conclusions

Multiple barriers to the use of wearable devices in research and clinical practice remain, including data management and clear clinical utility. However, researchers strongly believe that the potential benefit of these devices to support and create new clinical insights for patient care, is greater than any current barrier. Multi-disciplinary research integrating the expertise of both academia, industry and clinicians is a fundamental necessity to further develop wearable devices and protocols that match the varied needs of all stakeholders.
Prevalence of late-stage presentation and associated factors of cervical cancer patients in Tikur Anbesa Specialized Hospital, Ethiopia: institutional based cross-sectional study
Authors: Wassie Mulugeta , Fentie Beletech
Published: May 2021

Background

Cancer of the uterine cervix remains a main public health problem in Sub-Saharan Africa. About two-thirds of patients with cervical cancer were diagnosed at late stage with contributing factors of out-of-pocket medical bill, looking for care out of conventional health settings and multiple visits to healthcare facilities before diagnostic confirmations in Addis Ababa. Therefore, the aim of this study was to identify prevalence of late-stage presentation and associated factors among cervical cancer patients in Tikur Anbesa Specialized Hospital (TASH).

Methods

Institutional based cross-sectional study was conducted from March to April 2019 in TASH oncology center. Data were extracted from patient’s chart using structured checklist prepared in English and analyzed using STATA14.2. Binary logistic regression model was used to identify variables that affect the outcome variable.

Results

A total of 1057 cervical cancer patients were included in this five-years retrospective study. The prevalence of late-stage presentation among cervical cancer patients was 56.8%. It was affected by being anemic [AOR = 1.55,95%CI (1.17–2.10)], came from Oromia region (AOR = 0.65,95%CI (0.46–0.91) and Addis Ababa city [AOR:0.5;95%CI (0.34–0.73)], rural residency [AOR:1.88;95% (1.38–2.56)] and age ≥ 60 years [AOR:1.89;95%CI (1.12–3.20)].

Conclusion

The study revealed that the prevalence of late-stage presentation among cervical cancer patients is high. Being anemic, regions where patients came from, rural residency and age group ≥ 60 years were statically significant. It is better to expand cervical cancer education for rural dwellers, expand cancer treatment centers and prioritize to patients with anemia and advanced age.
The potential role of the extracellular matrix in the activity of trabectedin in UPS and L-sarcoma: evidences from a patient‐derived primary culture case series in tridimensional and zebrafish models
Authors: De Vita Alessandro , Recine Federica , Miserocchi Giacomo , Pieri Federica , Spadazzi Chiara , Cocchi Claudia , Vanni Silvia , Liverani Chiara , Farnedi Anna , Fabbri Francesco , Fausti Valentina , Casadei Roberto , Brandolini Francesca , Ercolani Giorgio , Cavaliere Davide , Bongiovanni Alberto , Riva Nada , Gurrieri Lorena , Di Menna Giandomenico , Calpona Sebastiano , Debonis Silvia Angela , Mercatali Laura , Ibrahim Toni
Published: May 2021

Background

Soft tissue sarcomas (STS) are a rare group of solid neoplasm including among others liposarcoma, leiomyosarcoma (L-sarcoma) and undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma (UPS) entities. The current first-line treatment is represented by anthracycline based- regimens, second-line may include trabectedin. Currently the activity of trabectedin and its mechanism of action is not completely elucidated.

Methods

Taking the advantages of our 3D patient-derived primary culture translational model we performed genomic-, chemobiogram, proteomic- and in vivo analysis in a UPS culture (S1). Furthermore pharmacological profiling of a UPS and L-sarcoma patient-derived case series and in silico analysis were carried out.

Results

Trabectedin exhibited an increased activity in 3D respect to 2D cultures suggesting an extracellular matrix (ECM) and timp1 involvement in its mechanism of action. Moreover 3D S1 xenotranspanted zebrafish model showed an increased sensitivity to trabectedin. Finally the results were further validated in a UPS and L-sarcoma case series.

Conclusions

Taken together these results confirmed the activity of trabectedin in these STS histotypes. Moreover the data underline the ECM involvement in the cytotoxic effect mediated by trabectedin and could open the door for researches aimed to focus on the patient setting that could benefit from this agent.
Idiopathic myelitis presenting as Brown-Séquard syndrome: two case reports and a review of the literature
Authors: Peng Xi , Wang Liang
Published: May 2021

Background

Brown-Séquard syndrome often occurs in spinal cord injury, and few myelitis patients present with Brown-Séquard syndrome.

Case presentation

A 33-year-old Han man was admitted with neck pain plus numbness in the right limbs for 2 days and weakness in the left limbs for 1 day. Examination was significant for left limbs with grade 4 muscle power, positive left Babinski sign, diminished vibration sensation in the left limbs and decreased pain below the right clavicle dermatome. The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cell count was 24 × 106/L, and the protein count was 185 mg/L. Cervical magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) indicated abnormal swelling signals in the medulla-cervical cord long segment and enhanced signals in the C2-3 region. In the second case, a 47-year-old Han woman was admitted with weakness in the right lower limb and numbness in the left lower limb for more than 20 days. Examination was significant for the right lower limb with grade 4 muscle power, left knee hyperreflexia, positive left Babinski sign, diminished vibration sensation in the right lower limb and decreased pain below the right T2 dermatome. Cervical MRI indicated hyperintense and enhanced signals in the C7-T2 region. In these two cases, CSF culture, oligoclonal band (OB) and aquaporin 4 (AQP4) antibody were negative. Brain MRI was normal. Their symptoms and MRI results improved after treatment with methylprednisolone.

Conclusions

Myelitis can present as Brown-Séquard syndrome, providing an extended reference in terms of the differential diagnosis for clinical physicians.
Water absorptivity and frost resistance performance of self-ignition coal gangue autoclaved aerated concrete
Authors: Cong Xinyu , Tan Yiqiu , Lu Shuang , Wang Zhaojia , Huang Tianyong
Published: May 2021

Self-ignition coal gangue (SCG) used as one of precursors to fabricate autoclaved aerated concrete (AAC). Aiming at studying water absorptivity and frost resistance performance of SCG-based AAC (SCGAAC), three-period water absorption tests and freeze-thaw tests were carried out and the corresponding results were recorded and analyzed. In order to modify the water absorptivity of SCGAAC, foam stabilizer was applied to adjust pore structure while calcium stearate was expected to change hydrophilic feature of SCG. It was demonstrated that the compressive strength of SCGAAC containing foam stabilizer or calcium stearate declined at different levels. For water absorption, foam stabilizer failed to decrease the water content and even increased water absorption rates. Calcium stearate controlled water absorption rate successfully although the ultimate water content hardly reduced. All of the SCGAAC samples exhibited intact appearance after 50 freeze-thaw cycles and showed excellent frost resistance performance. Three models were proposed to predict water absorptivity and frost resistance performance of SCGAAC and the corresponding prediction results matched test resulted well.
Impact of Insurance on Stage of Breast Cancer Presentation for Different Races and Ethnicities
Authors: Balazy Katy E. , Benitez Cecil M. , Gutkin Paulina M. , Karl Jamie J. , Jacobson Clare E. , von Eyben Rie , Horst Kathleen C.
Published: May 2021

PURPOSE:

Survival in breast cancer is largely stage-dependent. Lack of insurance and Medicaid have been associated with later-stage breast cancer, but it is unknown to what degree this association varies by race or ethnicity.

METHODS:

We conducted a retrospective single-institution cohort analysis of women undergoing breast radiotherapy from 2012 to 2017 (n = 1,019). Patients were categorized as having private insurance (n = 540), Medicare (n = 332), Medicaid (n = 122), or self-pay (n = 25). Ordinal logistic regression analysis identified variables associated with later-stage presentation, including age, race or ethnicity, insurance, the interaction between insurance and race or ethnicity, body mass index, education, and language.

RESULTS:

The association between insurance and breast cancer stage varied on the basis of a patient's race or ethnicity ( P = .0114). White and Asian patients with Medicaid had significantly higher odds of later-stage breast cancer than those with private insurance (White odds ratio [OR], 2.10; 95% CI, 1.02 to 4.34; Asian OR, 3.22; 95% CI, 1.56 to 6.67). However, the inverse was true for Hispanic patients who had lower odds of later-stage disease with Medicaid than private insurance (OR, 0.36; 95% CI, 0.16 to 0.90). Hispanic patients with Medicaid had lower odds than either White or Asian patients with Medicaid. These findings persisted across all ages.

CONCLUSION:

The association between insurance and later-stage presentation is significantly influenced by race or ethnicity. Medicaid was generally associated with later-stage breast cancer diagnosis, but this was not true across all races and ethnicities. Although White and Asian patients with Medicaid presented with later stage, Hispanic patients fared better with Medicaid than private insurance. Future work should investigate how Medicaid is successfully targeting Hispanic patients in breast cancer care.
Formation and stability of nanosized, undercooled propagating intermediate melt during β → δ phase transformation in HMX nanocrystal
Authors: Roy Arunabha M.
Published: May 2021

The formation and stability of a nanosized propagating intermediate melt (IM) have been analyzed more than

below the melting temperature between the solid-solid (SS) phase boundary during

phase transformation (PT) in a HMX nanocrystal. The influence of the solid-melt barrier K
12 and two important nanoscale material parameters (ratios of SS and solid-melt SM interface energies, k

E
and width,

) on the barrierless nucleation and appearance of non-equilibrium IM has been studied. Numerical results reveal that the solution of IM can either be continuous reversible or jump-like first-order discontinuous transformation with hysteresis. Additionally, various parametric studies on the structure, energy, width, and mobility of IM have been explored to understand the mystifying PT behaviors of HMX.
Wannier-Stark ladders in free oscillations of Timoshenko-Ehrenfest beams
Authors: Rodríguez-Cruz W. , Torres-Guzmán J. C. , Díaz-de-Anda A.
Published: May 2021

We report on the observation of Wannier-Stark ladders in the bending vibrations of elastic beams. By introducing a gradient in the length distribution of N weakly coupled beams, the elastic equivalent of the Wannier-Stark ladder is obtained in a system governed by two coupled second-degree differential equations, instead of the common wave equation, and whose oscillations are also dispersive and, above a certain critical frequency, occur with two wavelengths. We have measured for the first time, not only the spectrum of the ladders, but the wave amplitudes in this type of system, which are not directly accessible in quantum-mechanical systems, and we have found that the wavelengths are spatially localized and in good agreement with the theoretically predicted amplitudes. Due to the combination of differential equations and the boundary conditions imposed on the system, the Wannier-Stark ladder phenomenon occurs from the third band of states onwards, unlike other classical systems.
On the question of the critical end point in the (1 − x)PbMg1/3Nb2/3O3-xPbTiO3 relaxor ferroelectric single crystals based on acoustic emission data studies
Authors: Dul'kin Evgeniy , Kania Antoni , Roth Michael
Published: May 2021

(

)PbMg

Nb

O

PbTiO3, [100]-oriented relaxor ferroelectric crystals were studied by means of dielectric and acoustic emission methods in a temperature range up to 200 °C and under a dc bias electric field up to 1.2 kV/cm. The monoclinic-tetragonal and tetragonal-cubic ferroelectric phase transitions were successfully detected by both experimental methods. The bias electric field dependence of the temperature of a dielectric constant maximum, related to tetragonal-cubic phase transitions, exhibits a V-shape effect with a threshold field of 0.5 kV/cm. In contrast, the bias electric field dependence of the temperature of a monoclinic-tetragonal phase transition exhibits no V-shape effect but points out a tricritical point at 0.7 kV/cm. These results have not confirmed the existence of the critical end point in the crystals under studies.
Frictional drag produced by motor proteins during cargo transport
Authors: Nakul Urvashi , Gopalakrishnan Manoj
Published: May 2021

When transporting cellular cargoes along the cytoskeletal filament track, motor proteins produce additional frictional drag. This “protein friction” determines the mean speed of a cargo for a given force and the energy dissipated per chemical cycle. Motor protein friction has been measured directly in an optical tweezer experiment, and can also be estimated from the force-velocity curve, close to stall. We present a mathematical and computational study of this phenomenon. In our model, a motor protein is elastically linked to a μm-sized cargo particle, and undergoes tightly coupled, biased random walk-like motion on the microtubule filament, the bias being contributed by nucleotide hydrolysis as well as stretching of the linker “spring”, with spring constant κ. The cytoplasm is assumed to be a Newtonian fluid, which exerts a damping force

on the cargo moving with velocity V. The effective drag coefficient

is measured in our numerical simulations, where F is the net external force on the cargo, including motor-induced force, near F = 0. The motor friction

is predicted theoretically and compared with simulation data for a range of values of κ and γ. The predicted values for small γ are found to be similar to experimental results, though smaller in magnitude. Numerical simulations also show that

is a weakly increasing function of γ, and is additive when multiple motors are involved in transportation.
Bone Marrow Adiposity in Premenopausal Women With Type 2 Diabetes With Observations on Peri-Trabecular Adipocytes
Authors: Andrade Vicente F C , Besen Débora , Chula Domingos C , Borba Victória Z C , Dempster David , Moreira Carolina Aguiar
Published: May 2021

Context

No study has yet evaluated the relationships among bone marrow adiposity (BMA), bone histomorphometry (BH), and glycemic control in premenopausal women with type 2 diabetes (T2DM).

Objective

We aimed to assess the effect of glycemic control on BMA, correlate the parameters of BH with BMA, and correlate BMA with the use of hypoglycemic agents and with bone mineral density (BMD).

Methods

This was a cross-sectional study that evaluated 26 premenopausal women with T2DM who were divided into groups with HbA1c < 7% (good control [GC], n = 10) and HbA1c > 7% (poor control [PC], n = 16). BMA parameters (adipocyte number [Ad.N], total adipocyte perimeter [Ad.Pm], total adipocyte area [Ad.Ar], percentage adipocyte volume per marrow volume [Ad.V/Ma.V]) and peri-trabecular adipocyte number divided by bone surface (Ad.N/BS) were evaluated. BH static (bone volume fraction [BV/TV], osteoid thickness [O.Th], osteoid surface/bone surface [OS/BS]) and dynamic parameters and serum insulin-like growth factor-1 were measured. BMA data were compared between the GC and PC groups. Correlations were performed.

Results

Ad.N, Ad.Pm, and Ad.Ar were higher in PC (all, P = 0.04). HbA1c correlated positively with Ad.N/BS (P < 0.01) and Ad.N/BS correlated negatively with O.Th (P < 0.01) and OS/BS (P = 0.02). Positive and negative correlations were observed between insulin and metformin use, respectively, with all adipocyte parameters except Ad.N/BS (P < 0.05). Structural parameters were negatively correlated with the BMA. BMD of the femoral neck (r = −549, P < 0.01) and total femur (r = −0.502, P < 0.01) were negatively correlated with Ad.V/Ma.V.

Conclusion

Poor glycemic control is associated with hyperplasia and hypertrophy of BMAs and with lower BV/TV. Ad.N/BS, a new BMA parameter, is correlated with HbA1c and negatively with O.Th. The use of insulin seems to stimulate the expansion of BMA while that of metformin has the opposite effect. These findings suggest that the increase in BMA may play a role in the T2DM bone disease; on the other hand, good glycemic control might help prevent it.
Ghrelin-induced Food Intake, but not GH Secretion, Requires the Expression of the GH Receptor in the Brain of Male Mice
Authors: Wasinski Frederick , Barrile Franco , Pedroso João A B , Quaresma Paula G F , dos Santos Willian O , List Edward O , Kopchick John J , Perelló Mario , Donato Jose
Published: May 2021

Ghrelin stimulates both GH secretion and food intake. The orexigenic action of ghrelin is mainly mediated by neurons that coexpress agouti-related protein (AgRP) and neuropeptide Y (NPY) in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus (ARH). GH also stimulates food intake and, importantly, ARHAgRP/NPY neurons express GH receptor (GHR). Thus, ghrelin-induced GH secretion may contribute to the orexigenic effect of ghrelin. Here, we investigated the response to ghrelin in male mice carrying GHR ablation specifically in neurons (brain GHR knockout [KO] mice) or exclusively in ARHAgRP/NPY neurons (AgRP GHR KO mice). Although brain GHR KO mice showed normal ghrelin-induced increase in plasma GH levels, these mutants lacked the expected orexigenic response to ghrelin. Additionally, brain GHR KO mice displayed reduced hypothalamic levels of Npy and Ghsr mRNA and did not elicit ghrelin-induced c-Fos expression in the ARH. Furthermore, brain GHR KO mice exhibited a prominent reduction in AgRP fiber density in the ARH and paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVH). In contrast, AgRP GHR KO mice showed no changes in the hypothalamic Npy and Ghsr mRNAs and conserved ghrelin-induced food intake and c-Fos expression in the ARH. AgRP GHR KO mice displayed a reduced AgRP fiber density (~16%) in the PVH, but this reduction was less than that observed in brain GHR KO mice (~61%). Our findings indicate that GHR signaling in the brain is required for the orexigenic effect of ghrelin, independently of GH action on ARHAgRP/NPY neurons.
Information, Identity, and Ideology
Authors: Grayson Mara Lee
Published: May 2021

This article examines the role of critical reading in a racial literacy-focused composition curriculum. The author draws on student-produced data to demonstrate how the racial literacy curriculum prepares students to explore the situatedness of language, how individual positionalities influence the construction and interpretation of text, and how sociocultural ideologies are represented and disseminated through seemingly innocuous or objective reporting. Broadly, this article offers strategies for teaching critical reading to help teachers of writing improve students’ rhetorical awareness and engage them more fully as participants in a textually mediated society.
Μορφολογική βιοχημική και μοριακή μελέτη της προστατευτικής δράσης των μορίων U-74389g (Λαζαροειδές), της ερυθροποιητίνης, της σιλδεναφίλης και της οκτρεοτίδης, στην συντήρηση νεφρών για μεταμόσχευση
Authors: Κρατήρας Ζήσης
Published: May 2021

Μια από τις μεγαλύτερες προκλήσεις στο πεδίο των μεταμοσχέυσεων είναι η βέλτιστη συντήρηση των μοσχευμάτων μεταξύ της λήψης και της μεταμόσχευσης αυτών. Οι ιστικές βλάβες των οργάνων από το φαινόμενο της ισχαιμίας και της επαναιμάτωσης είναι πάντα παρούσες, με δύσκολα αντιμετωπιζόμενες συνέπειες (κακή ή μη ικανοποιητική λειτουργία των οργάνων ή πρώιμη μη λειτουργία τους – primary non function). Σκοπός αυτής της πειραματικής εργασίας είναι να εξεταστεί η πιθανή επίδραση 4 (τεσσάρων) διαφορετικών χημικών μορίων, της Ερυθροποιητίνη, της Σιλδεναφίλη, της Οκτρεοτίδη και του 21 αμινοστεροειδές U-74389G (Λαζαροειδές), στην πρόληψη των ιστικών βλαβών από την ισχαιμία, με στόχο την καλύτερη διατήρηση των προς μεταμόσχευση οργάνων. Διενεργήσαμε μια διπλα τυφλή μελέτη με control group σε ένα πειραματικό μοντέλο με χοίρους. Στο Ερευνητικό – Πειραματικό Κέντρο ELPEN μελετήθηκαν 56 ζώα (θηλυκοί και αρσενικοί χοίροι, ≥20 kg). Τα μόρια χρησιμοποιήθηκαν με δυο διαφορετικούς τρόπους χορήγησης. Είτε ως προθεραπεία ( χροηγούμενα στα ζώη 1 ώρα πριν την λήψή των οργάνων) είτε ως εμπολύτισμα του UW διαλύματος συντηρήσης. Η επίδραση των μορίων εκτιμήθηκε με 4 παθολογοανατομικούς δείκτες καθως και με την μέτρηση των επιπέδων του MDA, ως δείκτη του οξειδωτικού stress των μοσχευμάτων. Τα αποτελέσματα της Ερυθροποιητίνης, της Σιλδεναφίλης και του Λαζαροειδούς ήταν ιδιαιτέρως ενθαρυντικα προκαλώντας μια βέλτιωση κάποιων από τους εκτιμηθέντες παθολογοανατομικούς δείκτες.
Young Teachers’ adaptation in the Education System of the Moscow Region in Conditions of Labor Shortage
Authors: Boldysheva Natal'ya , Lubskiy Andrey
Published: May 2021

Growth of the number of students, the increase in the teacher's workload, as well as the characteristics of the age structure of the teacher workforce indicate the seriousness of the problem of teacher shortage in the Moscow region. It is obvious that attracting and retention graduates of pedagogical universities in the regional education system is extremely important.

This article presents the results of young teachers’ adaptation process research including the issues of interaction with colleagues, students and their parents, workload and salary, as well as the respondents ' assessment of university training in terms of the use knowledge and skills in work. The sample (n= 64) included teachers who worked at schools from a few months to four and a half years.

Based on the survey results, conclusions about the possibilities of improving the mechanisms of adaptation of young teachers in the schools of the region were drawn.
Językowe wykładniki intencji prawodawcy w Kodeksie Działyńskich
Authors: Łapa Romana , Słoboda Agnieszka
Published: May 2021

Linguistic Exponents of the Legislator’s Intention in the Działyński Code

The article presents syntactic methods of expressing the legislator’s intentions in the medieval legal document called Kodeks Działyńskich (the Działyński code). The intention is understood by the authors as ‘the goal towards which the action of the legislator is directed’. This type of element of a legislative text does not appear in modern legal texts, apart from the Code of Canon Law. However, in the oldest texts, the purpose of which was to change a functioning custom into binding law, the justification for introducing certain regulations was very important. We also pay attention to the information about the legislator, which is included in the text. The information is expressed by pluralis maiestaticus forms of performative verbs. Three types of syntactic structures serve to express the intention of the legislator: subordinate clauses introduced by the conjunction: aby, participial sentence equivalents based on the verb chcieć, and prepositional phrases with prepositions: na, ku and dla. These structures usually occur in preposition to the superior predicate. The fragments excerpted from the text are characterized by a considerable degree of cohesiveness, not only in terms of meaning but also in structure. A sentence or a participal construction in the semantic relation of the goal functions in a broader context, therefore it becomes necessary to introduce reference indicators and anaphorical elements such as repetitions, pronouns and pronominalization.
Językowy i tekstowy obraz Mazura na podstawie twórczości Stefana Rudanskiego
Authors: Ławrynow Daria
Published: May 2021

Linguistic and Textual Image of Mazur in Poetry by Stepan Rudans’kyy

The main issue discussed in this article is the linguistic and textual image of Mazur in the poetry by Stepan Rudans’kyy. Rudans’kyy invented his own poetic form called “spivomovka”, which was inspired by Ukrainian folklore. Those humorous poems mainly focused on describing local types of Podolia ethnic groups, such as Cossacks, Ruthenians, Russians (Moskal), rabbis, Polish colonists (Mazur –[Mazovian], Lach). The creation of Mazur in poems by Rudans’kyy was largely influenced by the image of Mazur in the Ukrainian and Polish folklore. The linguistic and textual images of the character are created by Mazur’s replies, as well as descriptions of his activity. Mazur is characterized by the following features: sincerity, simplicity, naivety, superficial religiousness and cheerfulness. Through presenting the characteristics of Mazur, the author also draws our attention to the important issue of the lack of code that would be common to the interlocutors, both in terms of linguistics and culture.
Regulamin działu forum dyskusyjnego
Authors: Wabnic Kamil
Published: May 2021

Internet Forum Rules. Structural Determinants of a Genre Pattern

The purpose of this article is to describe the genre identity and components of the structural aspect of the genre pattern of internet forum rules, taking into account the newest genological theories related to genre hybridism and genre-formation processes occurring in texts. The methodology of research uses the methods of genological analysis based on the theory of Maria Wojtak. According to this theory, the analysis of the structural aspect is one of the key elements which make it possible to define the genre identity of the text. The research material consists of twenty-two texts from the Sports Internet Forum, which perform the function of regulating and determining the principles of communication on the forum, and which are called the ‘forum rules’ by the users. In its pragmatic aspect, such rules refer to the official genre of regulations, and it may either represent its alternation or adaptation pattern, or function as an independent genre.
Twenty Years of Working-Class Studies: Tensions, Values, and Core Questions
Authors: Linkon Sherry Lee , Russo John
Published: May 2021

From the beginning Working-Class Studies has been a balancing act – between academic and activist work, among class and other analytic and social categories, among ways of defining and studying class. Twenty years in, we have not resolved the tensions among the disparate approaches to and elements of this field. And that,we would argue, is one of our strengths. Working-Class Studies is a dynamic and contested terrain of multiple methodologies and academic disciplines. While this means we sometimes repeat old debates, because we haven’t resolved them and because new people join the fray, as a field we benefit from the complexity and openendedness around a few core issues.
Nostalgia for the 30-Year ‘Century of the Common Man’
Authors: Metzgar Jack
Published: May 2021

Jack Metzgar grew up in a steelworking family during the best 30 years in U.S. history for common people, what the French call the Glorious 30 (trente glorieuses) from 1945 to 1975. It was a time of extraordinary economic prosperity that was widely shared. Average real incomes rose faster than ever before or since, with the  bottom income quintiles advancing faster and stronger than the middle or top. This unprecedented shared prosperity did not lead to complacency and mindlessconsumerism, as was feared at the time, but rather to a golden age of collective action and a string of liberatory movements beginning with the black civil rights struggle and followed by the beginnings of the women’s and gay liberation movements, among many others. The following is an excerpt from an auto-ethnography Jack is writing about his experience of working-class and professional middle-class cultures from those times to today.
Rethinking Class and Contemporary Working-Class Studies
Authors: Zweig Michael
Published: May 2021

The field of working class studies is forming in the context of dramatic changes in the labor process and crises in capitalist economies. Workers have historically been slow to adjust to such changes with new organizing strategies. As we seek our bearings among the changes in order to develop the field in ways that enhance the organizational and intellectual capacity of working people, we should hold onto a key point of continuity: whatever the new labor processes or changes in the economy, the working class continues to exist in capitalist societies, within capitalist class dynamics, in which the organization of production underlies material, cultural, and political experience. Race and class continue to be mutually determined. While each is distinct, neither can be properly understood or challenged in isolation from the other.
The Cross-Country/Cross-Class Drives of Don Draper/Dick Whitman: Examining Mad Men’s Hobo Narrative
Authors: Forsberg Jennifer
Published: May 2021

This article examines how the critically acclaimed television show Mad Men (2007-2015) sells romanticized working-class representations to middle-class audiences, including contemporary cable subscribers. The television drama’s lead protagonist, Don Draper, exhibits class performatively in his assumed identity as a Madison Avenue ad executive, which is in constant conflict with his hobo-driven born identity of Dick Whitman. To fully examine Draper/Whitman’s cross-class tensions, I draw on the American literary form of the hobo narrative, which issues agency to the hobo figure but overlooks the material conditions of homelessness. I argue that the hobo narrative becomes a predominant but overlooked aspect of Mad Men’s period presentation, specifically one that is used as a technique for self-making and self-marketing white masculinity in twenty-first century U.S. cultural productions.
‘Labor Rights Are Human Rights’: An Interview with Maina Kiai, UN Special Rapporteur on the Rights to Freedom of Peaceful Assembly and of Association
Authors: Connell Tula
Published: May 2021

Although the 1948 Universal Declaration of Human Rights includes the right to freedom of peaceful assembly and association among its thirty articles, more than sixty years elapsed before working people’s rights to form unions and assemble was accorded attention by the United Nations Human Rights Council (UNHRC). The omission of worker rights’ issues reflects a global international perspective that historically has not embraced workplace rights within the larger human rights framework. The UNHRC’s appointment of a Special Rapporteur on the rights to freedom of peaceful assembly and of association in 2011 marked a noteworthy step in broadening the dialogue. Special Rapporteur Maina Kiai has strongly argued that a first step toward addressing the harsh effects of globalization on millions of workers around the world begins with the eradication of the artificial distinction between labor rights and human rights. As Special Rapporteur, Kiai has underscored the centrality of the global working class, and argued that the ability of the working class to exercise fundamental workplace rights is a prerequisite for a broad range of other rights, whether economic, social, cultural or political.
Insider Without: Journey across the Working-Class Academic Arc
Authors: Case Kim
Published: May 2021

Patricia Hill Collins (1986) labels herself as an ‘outsider within’ due to her intersectional standpoint as a Black woman sociology professor in the ivory tower. In contrast to the ‘outsider within’ lens, I theorize my own social location as an ‘insider without’ due to a complex matrix of identities within the classed academic cultural context. Using counter storytelling, I explore my insider without location through analysis of my journey across the ‘working-class academic arc.’ In the working-class academic arc described below, I apply intersectional theory (Collins 1990; Crenshaw 1989) by connecting my personal experiences with existing working-class studies scholarship. The arc process culminates in my development of critical intersectional class consciousness and actions of resistance. By introducing this three-phase arc, I hope to raise awareness of the invisible academic class culture which invalidates working-class ways of being and knowledge production.
Conceptualizing Critical Friendship as a Protective Measure in Academia
Authors: Currie-Patterson Natalie , Watson Kaitlyn
Published: May 2021

Critical friendship is often used in the field of education to refer to relationships based on support and critical critique of professional practice. However, we posit that critical friendship has the potential as both a protective measure and mode of functional support for individuals negotiating the lived experiences and consequences of being working-class in the academy. Based on the auto-ethnographic narratives of two self-defined working-class doctoral students living and working in Ontario, Canada, we find that (mis)perceptions of incompetence; negotiating the academy as women; income, debt, and the tensions this creates result in the need for this redefined understanding of critical friendship.
A Stranger in Charleston: Intersectional Anxiety as a Latina in Academia
Authors: Aguirre Nancy
Published: May 2021

Through a personal narrative of my experiences living in Charleston, South Carolina, I consider several problems faced by working-class academics of color. These include: isolation and alienation, being labeled a representative for an entire cultural group, higher service loads, confronting patriarchy and racism in and out of the classroom, and financial struggle. Through telling my story, I examine positionality and the anxieties resulting from the normative expectations placed on academics who are often the first in their families and communities to enter academia. I also emphasize the need for academics facing these problems to form support networks and practice self-care.
Organizing Working-Class Academics: A Collective History
Authors: Hurst Allison , Griffin Tery , Vitale Alfred
Published: May 2021

In 2008, the Association of Working-Class Academics was founded in upstate New York by three former members of the Working-Class/Poverty-Class Academics Listserv. The Association had three goals: advocate for WCAs, build organizations on campuses that would support both working-class college students and WCAs, and support scholarship on issues relevant to class and higher education. The Association grew from a small handful to more than 200 members located in the US, UK, Australia, Canada, and Germany. In 2015, it was formally merged with the Working-Class Studies Association, and continues there as a special section for WCSA members. This is our collective account of the organization, told through responses to four key questions. We hope this history will provide insight and lessons for anyone interested in building similar organizations.
Reframing Solidarity: Company Magazine as Family Album
Authors: Maloney Courtney
Published: May 2021

We are witnessing a time of shrinking labor unions across the globe. Among member states of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, rates of union membership have declined from 30% in 1985 to 20% today (McCarthy 2017). In the U.S., the current rate is just 10.7% (Yadoo 2018). We have seen along with this the concomitant reduction in working-class and middle-class standards of living. Technological, political, and economic factors have impacted this change, but there is a cultural dimension to it as well. From the moment industrial unions in the U.S. gained power, corporations began to counter workingclass solidarity with alternative narratives that emphasized individualism, domesticity, and leisure. This article illuminates such efforts with a reading of one particularly sophisticated example from the mid-twentieth century, in which a steel corporation’s company magazine used workers’ own participation and self-representations in an effort to reorient notions of solidarity toward an identification with the corporation as family.
Breaking Through the Concrete Ceiling: Tradeswomen in the United States Tell Their Stories of Struggle and Success
Authors: Wagner Heidi
Published: May 2021

Today, women comprise about half of the United States workforce. Yet, they are still the majority of workers in the lowest paid jobs. In the construction industry, on-the-job training and unions have helped generations of white tradesmen acquire wages and benefits supportive of themselves and their families. This paper explores women’s desires to gain careers in the building trades, where they currently represent approximately 3% of workers. Data gained from interviews with tradeswomen and others in the construction industry indicate that gender parity remains elusive. As opposed to classical economic theory and construction industry conventional wisdom positing that women do not want to work construction, or are not able, this essay explores barriers in place keeping tradeswomen from successful careers.
More than a ‘Curious Cultural Sideshow’: Samuel Slater's Sunday School and the Role of Literacy Sponsorship in Disciplining Labor
Authors: Pennell Michael
Published: May 2021

This article investigates the concept of literacy sponsorship through the introduction of textile factories and mill villages in New England during the American Industrial Revolution. Specifically, the article focuses on Samuel Slater’s mill villages and his disciplining and socialization of workers via the ‘family’ approach to factory production, and, in particular, his support of the Sunday school. As an institution key to managerial control and new to rural New England, the Sunday school captures the complicated networks of moral and literacy sponsorship in the transition to factory production.
Post-Industrial Industrial Gemeinschaft: Northern Brexit and the Future Possible
Authors: Dawson Andrew , Goodwin-Hawkins Bryonny
Published: May 2021

The high vote for Brexit in England’s former industrial areas is often, reflecting historic classbased stereotypes, presented as a result of the incapacity of the working class to act in its own interests. Based on ethnographic research in a former milling town and a former mining town in northern England, this article articulates a logic for Brexit that cross-cuts ideological divisions within the working class. We highlight the affective afterlives of industry and, drawing on the classical sociology of Ferdinand Tönnies, argue that places such as these are characterised by a post-industrial industrial gemeinschaft whose centrepiece is industrial work, and which is reinforced in the very absence of that industrial work. In turn, we argue, the popularity of Brexit relates significantly to that political project's potential, whether real or illusory, to offer a future of work, and industrial work in particular.
Análise Quantitativa de Textos: Apresentação e Operacionalização da Técnica via Twitter
Authors: Ross Steven Dutt , Cruz Breno de Paula Andrade
Published: May 2021

A Análise Quantitativa de Textos permite que textos sejam analisados à luz da Estatística – a nuvem de palavras é um exemplo utilizado para comunicar por meio de uma imagem os resultados de frequência estatística. O presente texto tem como objetivo apresentar esta técnica para coleta e tratamento de dados por meio da linguagem R. Desta maneira, é utilizada como exemplo didático a conta oficial da Unirio para apresentar as possibilidades de coleta e tratamento de dados no Twitter. Inicialmente discute-se Método e Técnica na Ciência à luz de informações online para depois avançar nos inputs da linguagem R, são eles: (a) Preparação do banco de dados pelo Twitter; (b) Resultados de Frequência - nuvem de palavras e frequência absoluta dos termos; (c) Bigramas e trigramas – associação estatística de palavras; (d) Rede de Correlação de Palavras – gráfico de co-ocorrência de palavras; (e) Análise de Cluster – associação estatística de palavras; e (f) Previsão da Próxima Palavra. Este texto é relevante por contribuir na formação de pesquisadores do campo de Administração Pública e de Empresas ao apresentar uma linguagem gratuita (R) que pode ser utilizada para gerar resultados ou insgiths para pesquisas empíricas.
Internacionalização no Ensino Superior e o Brasil como Case Study
Authors: Alves dos Anjos Almeida Marcia Cristina , Márcio Oliveira Sant'Anna Ângelo , Pinheiro de Lima Edson
Published: May 2021

A internacionalização tem sido um dos fatores mais críticos que moldam o ensino superior nas últimas três décadas. Além de transformar o ensino superior a internacionalização mudou substancialmente. A bifurcação da internacionalização em dois pilares interdependentes, “em casa” e “no exterior”, é evidência dessa mudança. Por meio de um estudo qualitativo, utilizando dados primários e secundários e técnicas de análise de conteúdo e documental, o estudo tem como objetivo realizar um diagnóstico da internacionalização das instituições de ensino superior entre três tipos de Universidades Brasileiras, sendo elas: uma IES Privada, sem fins lucrativos, confessional e filantrópica, uma IES Pública Federal e uma IES Privada com fins lucrativos. Os resultados indicaram convergência dos especialistas quanto a percepção sobre a internacionalização nas Universidades Brasileiras e diferenças significativas quanto a cultura, consciência, foco das atividades, prioridades, riscos e benefícios de internacionalização.
India’s labour force during a pandemic: how we have failed
Authors: Chakraborty Sanjit Kumar , Yadav Kanchan
Published: May 2021

As the Indian economy is slowly opening up after the COVID-19 lockdown, it seems like a number of states are overriding even the most basic human rights of their workers in the name of labour reforms. These moves have been criticised in a number of national and international spheres, as along with the Constitution of India, they are inconsistent with various international instruments. Under these circumstances, this article provides a comprehensive view of the changes that have been made and why they are inhumane and derogatory towards the worker communities, and suggests possible ways forward to remedy the atrocious situation.
Control of an electromagnetically induced grating by Er3+ ion concentration in an Er3+-doped YAG crystal
Authors: Meng Chun , Shui Tao , Yang Wen-Xing , Tian Yong-Hong
Published: May 2021

We investigate the effect of doped

E
r

3
+

ion concentration on an electromagnetically induced grating in an

E
r

3
+

-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG) crystal. Due to the change of electric dipole moment and spontaneous emission decay induced by

E
r

3
+

ion concentration, the Fraunhofer diffraction of the solid-state grating is sensitively dependent upon

E
r

3
+

ion concentration. The three-level

E
r

3
+

ion system with a closed loop leads to probe gain appearing in some concentrations of the

E
r

3
+

ion, which significantly improves the first-order diffraction efficiency of the solid-state grating. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that the relative phase, signal detuning, and grating thickness have different effects on the first-order diffraction efficiency of the solid-state grating under different concentrations of the

E
r

3
+

ion. Therefore, our scheme may provide a basis for selecting a suitable concentration to realize high-efficiency optical switching and routing in future integrated systems.
High-SFDR 100.8km ROF link with optical homodyne detection and genetic-algorithm-assisted digital demodulation
Authors: Gao Yiran , Wu Zhonghan , Chen Jingyue , Zhang Tian , Dai Jian , Xu Kun
Published: May 2021

Radio-over-fiber (ROF) link based on phase modulation and coherent detection has been widely proposed for linear transmission. Nowadays, there are increasing demands for long-distance analog radio-frequency (RF) signal transmission, as radars and broadcast systems. In this paper, a high spurious-free-dynamic-range (SFDR) analog coherent ROF link based on optical homodyne detection and genetic-algorithm-assisted digital demodulation is proposed and experimentally investigated. The ROF link is designed for transmitting RF signals ranging from 500 kHz to 100 MHz over a long-distance fiber under the environment of wide temperature. We test the link performance by transmitting different groups of two-tone signals (580 kHz and 600 kHz, 9 MHz and 10 MHz, 49 MHz and 50 MHz, 99 MHz and 100 MHz) over a 100.8-km single-mode fiber (SMF) under the temperature varying from –40°C to 70°C, the shot-noise-limited SFDR of the link are measured to be greater than 122 dB·Hz2/3.
Reconfigurable generation of double-ring perfect vortex beam
Authors: Du Yafei , Liu Deming , Fu Songnian , Wang Yuncai , Qin Yuwen
Published: May 2021

Perfect vortex beam (PVB), whose ring radius is independent of its topological charge, play an important role in optical trapping and optical communication. Here, we experimentally demonstrate the reconfigurable double-ring PVB (DR-PVB) generation with independent manipulations of the amplitude, the radius, the width, and the topological charge for each ring. Based on complex amplitude modulation (CAM) with a phase-only spatial light modulator (SLM), we successfully verify the proposed DR-PVB generation scheme via the computer-generated hologram. Furthermore, we carry out a quantitative characterization for the generated DR-PVB, in terms of both the generation quality and the generation efficiency. The correlation coefficients of various reconfigurable DR-PVBs are above 0.8, together with the highest generation efficiency of 44%. We believe that, the proposed generation scheme of reconfigurable DR-PVB is desired for applications in both optical tweezers and orbital angular momentum (OAM) multiplexing.