bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
EDUKASI ANTIOKSIDAN ALAMI DALAM MINYAK NABATI NON PANGAN DI KELOMPOK WANITA PKK DESA BAGIK POLAK LABUAPI LOMBOK BARAT
Authors: Handayani Sri Seno , Suhendra Dedy , Gunawan Erin Ryantin , Murniati Murniati , Arlia Erma
Published: December 2024

Antioksidan merupakan zat kimia yang membantu menangkal radikal bebas. Antioksidan alami dalam ditemukan didalam tanaman tertentu dan telah terbukti melindungi sel manusia dari kerusakan oksidatif. Tanaman yang mengandung antioksidan alami dan belum termanfaatkan secara maksimal antara lain adalah kelor, nyamplung dan ketapang. Kegiatan pengabdian ini dilakukan dengan memberikan edukasi kepada ibu-ibu PKK desa Bagik Polak Lombok Barat untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan akan bahaya antioksidan sintetik yang terkandung dalam berbagai sediaan kosmetik. Sumber antioksidan alami dapat diperoleh dari tanaman pangan non komersil. Salah satu tanaman yang dimanfaatkan aktivitasnya sebagai antioksidan yaitu tanaman kelor (Moringa oleifera Lam). Ekstrak daun kelor mempunyai aktivitas antioksidan karena mengandung senyawa flavonoid dan beta karoten. Sedangkan minyak biji kelor mengandung asam-asam lemak yang memiliki aktivitas antioksidan yang baik. Kegiatan pengabdian ini dilaksanakan dalam beberapa tahap, yaitu: (1) Sosialisasi pengetahuan tentang antioksidan, sumber antioksidan dan bahaya dari antioksidan sintetik (2) Pelatihan pembuatan bahan pangan menggunakan sumber antioksidan alami (3) evaluasi hasil kegiatan pengabdian. Ibu-ibu kelompok Wanita PKK sangat antusias dan semangat selama mengikuti kegiatan pengabdian. Kegiatan ini telah memberikan tambahan pengetahuan tentang antioksidan alami dalam minyak nabati non pangan yang berasal dari tumbuhan dan tanaman yang tidak termanfaatkan dengan baik.
İşletme Yönetiminde Yapay Zeka: Bibliyometrik Analiz
Authors: Sağbaş Murat , Kılınç Sebahattin
Published: December 2024

Yapay zekâ günümüzde her türlü sektör ve alanında kullanılan yenilikçi bir teknolojidir. Bu teknolojinin işletme yönetimine katkıları çok yönlüdür. Nitekim literatür, bu teknolojinin dünyaya etkili bir biçimde yayılmasından dolayı ivmeli bir şekilde genişlemiştir. Bu alan-da çok fazla çalışma bulunması sebebiyle araştırmacılara rehberlik edecek çalışmalara ihtiyaç duyulmuştur. Bu makalenin amacı, işletme yönetiminde yapay zekâya ilişkin alt araştırma alanları tespit etmek, konuya ilişkin en önemli makale, dergi ve yazarları belirlemektir. Böylelikle gelecekteki araştırmacılara işletme yönetiminde yapay zekâya yönelik çalışma-larını geliştirmelerinde karar vermelerine yardımcı olmayı hedeflemektedir. Bu makalede, işletme yönetiminde yapay zekâya yönelik çalışmalara bibliyometrik ve görselleştirme analizleri uygulanmıştır. Bu analizleri gerçekleştirmek için VOSviewer adlı uygulama kullanılmıştır. Yapılan analizler sonucunda, önde gelen dergilerin Sustainability, Cogent Business & Management, Information Systems And E-Business Management, International Journal Of Information Management dergileri olduğu, en popüler anahtar kelimelerin yapay zekâ, makine öğrenme, büyük veri, derin öğrenme, sürdürülebilirlik olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Alt araştırma konuları olarak, iş modellerinde inovasyon, yapay zekanın sektörde benimsenmesi, yapay zekâ ile işletme yönetimi arasındaki ilişkiyi ölçmeye yara-yan analiz teknikleri, yapay zekanın iş dünyasına dair geleceği, büyük veri analitiği ve yapay zekâ ilişkisi tespit edilmiştir.
BERPIKIR KREATIF MELALUI MODEL TIME TOKEN PADA PEMBELAJARAN AKIDAH AKHLAK DI MTs MUHAMMADIYAH 13 SOLOKURO LAMONGAN
Authors: Saputro Fathan Faris
Published: December 2024

This study examines the challenges in fostering students' creative thinking in learning Akidah Akhlak at MTs Muhammadiyah 13 Solokuro Lamongan and highlights the implementation of the Time Token Model as a solution. The formulation of the problem includes learning Akidah Akhlak, creative thinking through the Time Token Model, and its impact. The research method uses a qualitative experimental approach with data collection techniques in the form of interviews, participant observation, and documentation. The results of the study indicate that the learning adapts the 2013 curriculum with a collaborative approach, while the Time Token Model is effective in improving students' creativity through discussion, sharing opinions, and solving ethical problems. The implementation of the model successfully improves students' understanding of the concept of Akidah Akhlak as well as their communication and creative thinking skills
Penelitian ini mengkaji tantangan dalam membangkitkan berpikir kreatif siswa dalam pembelajaran Akidah Akhlak di MTs Muhammadiyah 13 Solokuro Lamongan dan menyoroti penerapan Model Time Token sebagai solusi. Rumusan masalah meliputi pembelajaran Akidah Akhlak, berpikir kreatif melalui Model Time Token, dan dampaknya. Metode penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif eksperimen dengan teknik pengumpulan data berupa wawancara, observasi partisipan, dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pembelajaran tersebut menyesuaikan kurikulum 2013 dengan pendekatan kolaboratif, sementara Model Time Token efektif dalam meningkatkan kreativitas siswa melalui diskusi, berbagi pendapat, dan pemecahan masalah etika. Penerapan model tersebut berhasil meningkatkan pemahaman siswa terhadap konsep Akidah Akhlak serta kemampuan komunikasi dan berpikir kreatif mereka.
TELAAH HADITS KEUTAMAAN DAN URGENSI MENUNTUT ILMU DI ERA DIGITAL: RELEVANSI DENGAN TANTANGAN PENDIDIKAN MODERN DAN KRITERIA PENDIDIK IDEAL
Authors: Agustina Tarik Atika , Kurjum Muhammad
Published: December 2024

This study aims to determine how the existence of the study of hadith science on the virtues and urgency of seeking knowledge in the digital era can be used in the application of principles in modern education today. Knowledge is an obligation that will always be attached to a Muslim. Because it can be seen that seeking knowledge is part of worship. The research method used is library research with a historical approach and hadith science, including criticism of sanad and matan to analyze the validity of related hadiths. This study utilizes sources from Maktabah Syamilah and other literature such as books, journals, and articles. Through research with this method, it can be found that the hadith of the Prophet has emphasized the importance of seeking knowledge for every Muslim. However, in the current digital era, where information is easily accessible to anyone, it certainly becomes an awareness for ourselves to need a more critical approach in filtering and utilizing knowledge. In addition, this study discusses the ideal criteria for an educator in the digital era, which include the ability to use technology wisely, assess information critically, and guide students in dealing with social and technological changes. Another thing that is a point of discovery in this study is that the principles of the Hadith of the Prophet can provide solutions to the challenges of education in the modern era today.
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana eksistensi kajian ilmu hadits tentang keutamaan dan urgensi menuntut ilmu di era digital dapat digunakan dalam penerapan prinsip – prinsip pada pendidikan modern saat ini.  Ilmu merupakan suatu kewajiban yang hingga kapanpun melekat pada diri seorang Muslim. Karena dapat diketahui bahwa menuntut ilmu ialah bagian dari suatu ibadah. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah studi pustaka (library research) dengan pendekatan historis dan ilmu hadits , termasuk kritik sanad dan matan untuk menganalisis validitas hadits -hadits  terkait. Studi ini memanfaatkan sumber-sumber dari Maktabah Syamilah serta literatur lain seperti buku, jurnal, dan artikel. Melalui penelitian dengan metode demikian dapat ditemukan bahwa hadits Rasulullah telah menekankan tentang pentingnya dalam menuntut ilmu bagi setiap Muslim. Namun di era digital saat ini, dimana informasi dengan mudah diakses oleh siapapun, tentu menjadi kesadaran bagi diri kita sendiri untuk lebih membutuhkan pendekatan kritis dalam menyaring dan memanfaatkan pengetahuan. Selain itu, penelitian ini membahas kriteria ideal bagi seorang pendidik di era digital, yang meliputi kemampuan untuk memanfaatkan teknologi secara bijaksana, menilai informasi dengan kritis, serta membimbing siswa dalam menghadapi perubahan sosial dan teknologi. Hal lain yang menjadi point penemuan pada penelitian ini yaitu prinsip – prinsip Hadits Rasulullah dapat memberikan solusi terhadap tantangan pendidikan di era modern saat ini.
PENGEMBANGAN MEDIA TIME LINE CHART PADA PEMBELAJARAN PAI DALAM MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN BERCERITA SISWA KELAS IV UPT SD NEGERI 149 GRESIK
Authors: Khomsidah Nur , Rasyid Abdul
Published: December 2024

The background to this research is the low ability of students in telling the history of the migration of the Prophet Muhammad. This research aims to describe students' storytelling abilities, the process of developing Time Line Chart media, and the results of developing Time Line Chart media in PAI learning in improving the storytelling abilities of class IV students at UPT SDN 149 Gresik. The research method used is Research and Development (R & D) with a combined qualitative and quantitative approach. The results of the research show that the storytelling ability of most students is very low, with pretest results of 33% Completed, 67% Not Completed, and an average score of 49%. Media development was carried out through media expert validation showing 91% feasibility results and material expert validation showing 97% feasibility, which means it is very worthy of implementation. Meanwhile, the result of developing this media was that the number of students who achieved the Complete criteria in storytelling ability increased by 38% and the average score increased by 26%.
Latar belakang penelitian ini adalah rendahnya kemampuan siswa dalam kemampuan menceritakan sejarah hijrah Nabi Muhammad saw. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan kemampuan bercerita siswa, proses pengembangan media Time Line Chart, dan hasil pengembangan media Time Line Chart pada pembelajaran PAI dalam meningkatkan kemampuan bercerita siswa kelas IV UPT SD Negeri 149 Gresik. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah Research and Development (R & D) dengan pendekatan gabungan antara kualitatif dan kuantitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kemampuan bercerita sebagian besar siswa sangat rendah, dengan hasil pretest 33% Tuntas, 67% Belum Tuntas, dan rerata nilai 49%. Pengembangan media dilakukan melalui validasi ahli media menunjukkan hasil kelayakan 91% dan validasi ahli materi menunjukkan kelayakan 97%, yang artinya sangat layak diimplementasikan. Sedangkan hasil pengembangan media ini adalah jumlah siswa yang mencapai kiteria Tuntas dalam kemampuan bercerita meningkat 38% dan rerata nilai meningkat 26%.
Eeppisen runolaulun skeema, aihelmat ja uutta luova muuntelu
Authors: Sykäri Venla
Published: December 2024

Elias Lönnrot loi Kalevalan kertomusrungon pohjoisilta karjalais-suomalaisilta alueilta tallennetun eeppisen runolaulun pohjalta. Myöhemmin runsaaksi muodostuneen aineiston tutkimukseen syntyi suomalainen koulukunta, jonka analyysin ytimessä oli variaatio. Variaatio käsitettiin yleensä mekaaniseksi, eikä laulajien luovaa toimintaa pyritty dokumentoimaan tai tutkittu. Laaja aineisto on myöhemmin mahdollistanut runolaulututkimuksen yhä uusista näkökulmista. Eeppisen komposition perusteita on kuitenkin vertailevasti tutkittu lähinnä paremmat lähdetiedot sisältävillä Länsi-Inkerin aineistolla (Kuusi 1983; Harvilahti 1992).
Tässä artikkelissa jatkan suullisen komposition perusteiden analyysiä aineistonani pohjoisten runoalueiden eeppinen runolaulu. Tarkastelen kertomusten rakennetta, variaatiota ja luovaa muuntelua Anna-Leena Siikalan (1984) ja Lauri Harvilahden (1992) tapaan skeemateorian valossa. Havainnollistan skeeman käsitettä ja eeppisen skeeman toteutuksessa olennaisia sisältöyksiköitä, aihelmia, esimerkkiaineistolla Vienan Arhippa Perttusen ja Aunuksen Simana Kyöttisen Kilpalaulanta-runoista. Aihelmat ovat tyypillisesti kahden–kuuden säkeen yksiköitä, jotka perustuvat kiteytyneeseen ainekseen, mutta mahdollistavat laajan variaation. Käsitettä on käytetty loitsujen ja lyriikan analyysissä (Siikala 1992; Timonen 2004). Näissä lajeissa runon temaattinen sisältö koostuu aihelmista ilman kerronnallista runkoa. Esitän, että aihelmat toimivat myös epiikan sisältöyksikköinä – sillä erolla, että niiden johdantona on usein kerronnan rakenteita, kuten puheenvuoron ilmauksia. Rakenneyksikön ylirajaisuus mahdollistaa runolaululle tyypillisen aihelmien ja formulaisen aineksen liikkeen lajien rajojen yli. Artikkelin kolmantena teemana on luova muuntelu, jossa runon skeema olennaisesti muuttuu. Tällaisena tapauksena analysoin Kyöttisen Kilpakosinta-runoissaan toteuttamaa uuden aineksen sulauttamista.
Vedet ja vesistöt koulumatkamuistojen maisemassa
Authors: Granö Päivi
Published: December 2024

Artikkelin aiheena ovat visuaaliset, ylisukupolviset, dialogissa tuotetut koulumatkakuvaukset. Kuvien ja niihin liittyvien tekstien pohjalta tarkastelen koulumatkamuistoja, joissa esiintyy vesielementti jossakin muodossaan. Keskeisiä näkökulmia ovat paikkaan sitoutuvat keholliset tunnemuistot ja niiden sanallinen ja visuaalinen kerronta. Aineiston tuottivat keväällä 2022 kahdeksan opettajaopiskelijaa opintotehtävänään yhdessä isovanhempansa tai vanhempansa kanssa dialogisena piirtämis- ja kerrontaprosessina. Metodi perustuu kulttuuriseen visuaaliseen analyysiin. Keskeisimmät muistutetut vesimaisemat olivat joet. Erityisesti sillat herättivät muistoja aistikokemuksista ja sosiaalisista suhteista. Nuoremmalle sukupolvelle muistelujen kuuleminen ja kuvien työstäminen oli tärkeä kokemus.
Muistaa-verbi kerronnallisen asemoinnin välineenä kansanedustajien muistitietohaastatteluissa
Authors: Jolma Nanny Ira Marita , Teräs Kari
Published: December 2024

Muistaa-verbi on muistitietohaastatteluissa toistuvasti esiintyvä kielen keino, jonka funktioiden ja merkitysten systemaattinen tarkastelu on jäänyt tutkimuksessa huomiotta. Tämä artikkeli tutkii muistaa-verbin käyttöä osana muistelevan kerronnan keinoja entisten kansanedustajien muistitietohaastatteluissa. Eduskunnan kirjaston keräämää haastatteluaineistoa lähestytään kertomuksentutkimuksen ja muistitietohistorian näkökulmista. Laajuutensa ja jatkuvuutensa vuoksi kansainvälisestikin ainutlaatuinen aineisto on jäsennetty tekstimuotoiseksi tietokannaksi, josta on digitaalisin menetelmin poimittu kokoelma muistaa-verbin esiintymiä kerronnallisissa yhteyksissä. Esimerkkikatkelmien laadullinen analyysi keskittyy erityisesti muistaa-verbin käyttöön kerronnallisen asemoinnin teoriaa soveltaen. Haastatteluissa rakentuvia kertomuksia tarkastellaan sekä sosiaalisena toimintana ja vuorovaikutuksena että identiteetin muodostamisen välineenä. 
Artikkelissa tarkastellaan, miten muistamisen tai muistamattomuuden sanallistaminen toimii kerronnallisena välineenä kansanedustajien muistitietohaastatteluissa sekä miten haastateltavat asemoivat itseään muistaa-verbin avulla myös suhteessa muistitietoa ja poliittista uraa koskeviin odotuksiin. Analyysin olennaisena lähtökohtana on kerronnan ja tarinan tasojen erottaminen. Kerronnallisen asemoinnin teorian mukaisesti huomio kiinnittyy myös näiden tasojen väliseen liikkeeseen ja sitä kautta syntyviin laajempiin identiteettiin ja normeihin liittyviin asemointeihin. 
Analyysi havainnollistaa, että muistitietohaastatteluissa toistuvuudessaan arkiselta vaikuttavan muistaa-verbin funktiot eivät rajoitu menneisyyden uudelleen tulkinnan ja osallisuuden ilmaisemiseen. Sen sijaan muistaa-verbin avulla kerronnalliseen vuorovaikutukseen tuotetaan runsaasti erilaisia, toistensa kanssa limittäisiä ja ristiriitaisiakin merkityksiä.
Vesi vanhin voitehista
Authors: Kallio Kati
Published: December 2024

Tulkintoja historiallisesta kansanperinteestä käytetään yhteiskunnassa laajasti. Laajoja kansanperinneaineistoja kattavat tutkimukset on kuitenkin tehty pääosin jo 1900-luvun alkupuolella oman aikansa tulkintakehysten puitteissa. Tämän tutkimuksen kriittiselle arvioinnille, lähteiden uudelleenluennoille ja tutkimustiedon popularisoinnille on suuri tarve. Tallentunut historiallisen kansanperinteen aineisto on kuitenkin valtava ja vaikeasti tulkittava. Digitaaliset menetelmät luovat mahdollisuuksia laajojen sähköisessä muodossa olevien aineistojen nopeampaan ja laajempaan tarkasteluun, mutta niihin sisältyy myös monenlaisia rajoitteita.
Tässä artikkelissa annan esimerkin siitä, miten moninainen ja monitulkintainen voi olla yhdenkin lyhyen, nykykulttuurissa käytetyn sananlaskun historiallinen käyttö- ja merkitystausta. Samalla käsittelen digitoidun karjalais-inkeriläis-suomalaisen kansanrunousaineiston laskennallisesti avustetun luennan menetelmällisiä mahdollisuuksia ja ongelmakohtia.
Kansanrunoudessa ajatus veden vanhuudesta kiteytyy vaihtelevien rinnakkais- eli paralleelisäkeiden ryppäiksi. Yleisin keskeissäkeen muoto on ”Vesi vanhin veljeksistä”. Aihelmien yleisin, joskaan ei ainoa käyttöyhteys on rautaan, tuleen, puuhun tai käärmeeseen liittyvä parannusloitsu. Vesi vanhin voitehista -muoto esiintyy erityisesti saunassa löylyn ja kylvettämisen avulla parantamisen, voiteen valmistamisen sekä Tulen sanojen yhteydessä. Aineistosta aukeaa laaja mielikuvien ja motiivien verkosto, jossa vesi asettuu vanhimmaksi ja linkittyy paikoin Väinämöiseen. Itämerensuomalaisen suullisen runouden maailmassa vanhuus tarkoittaa tietoa ja tieto puolestaan väkevyyttä, kykyä vaikuttaa asioihin ja hallita niitä.
Vesi vanhin voitehista -säkeen nykyinen sananlaskunomainen käyttö asettuu jatkumoon edeltävien suullisten käyttöjen kanssa, mutta linkittyy ennemminkin nykykulttuurin proosamuotoisten ilmaisujen kuin historiallisen runokulttuurin kanssa. Paljon aiempia merkityksiä tai merkitystasoja – kuten ajatus vanhuuden voimasta tai loitsuilla, löylyllä ja kylvettämisellä parantamisesta – on jäänyt taa, mutta etenkin kytkös saunaan puhdistumisen paikkana pysyy.
Unsealing Subglacial Lake Vostok: Lessons and implications for future full-scale exploration
Authors: Lipenkov V. Ya. , Turkeev A. V. , Ekaykin A. A. , Alekhina I. A. , Salamatin A. N. , Vasiliev N. I.
Published: December 2024

The deep holes drilled at Vostok Station by the Russian Antarctic Expedition reached the surface of Subglacial Lake Vostok twice — on February 5, 2012 and January 25, 2015. Two unsealings of the largest subglacial water body on Earth, led by Nikolay Vasiliev, have become remarkable events in the history of Antarctic science. To preserve all the twists and turns of this pioneering work for the ice-drilling community, we have compiled and carefully analyzed all the available drilling, geophysical, and glaciological observations made prior to, during, and after the lake piercings. Based on that information, in this paper we have pieced together a detailed narrative of these two unprecedented drilling operations in the hope that the lessons learned may prove useful for future environmental stewardship, scientific investigations, and technological developments related to the exploration of Lake Vostok.
Alternative clean approaches to accessing subglacial Lake Vostok
Authors: Talalay P. G. , Fan X.
Published: December 2024

A study of the subglacial Lake Vostok requires clean accessing and sampling technologies. The paper presents four potential options — three types of hot-points and a hot-water drilling system — which can be considered as environmental-friendly technologies and could be used in the cold ice of East Antarctica. The description contains only general ideas and a brief estimation of the main parameters of the technologies suggested and does not include any detailed analysis. All the methods proposed have their own advantages and disadvantages. The final decision about a method’s applicability should be made following careful development and engineering work, including theoretical studies, modelling, laboratory testing, taking into account the available funds and logistics opportunities.
General concept of a deep hot water drilling system and drilling strategy to access Subglacial Lake Qilin, East Antarctica
Authors: Talalay P. G. , Zhang N. , Fan X. , Li B. , Li Yu. , Yu H. , Zuo H. , Li L. , Shi G. , Shi W. , Guo M. , Wang T. , Gong D. , Hong J. , Li Ya.
Published: December 2024

Deep Antarctic subglacial lakes represent physically unexplored aquatic environments, the investigation of which may provide unique information about microbial evolution, past climate of the Earth, and formation of the Antarctic ice sheet. Subglacial Lake Qilin identified in the middle part of the Princess Elizabeth Land is recognized as one of the ideal lakes for upcoming exploration. Currently, R&D work to develop a deep hot water drilling system to access this lake has been started in China, and the paper presents a general concept of the system and the brief description of the drilling strategy. Access drilling to the lake is planned for the season 2026/27.
Conceptual project of a center for testing technologies and technical devices for glacier drilling
Authors: Ignatev S. A. , Bolshunov A. V. , Shishkin E. V. , Rakitin I. V. , Kadochnikov V. G. , Klimov V. Ya.
Published: December 2024

The implementation of drilling projects in Antarctica requires comprehensive research and development work to study the processes of interaction between drilling equipment and ice and test devices designed for ice drilling. Testing facilities with artificial ice are essential for conducting this type of research. The article presents an analysis of the existing experimental stand projects, which identified a common drawback — inability to recreate a structure of atmospheric ice and thermobaric conditions similar to those in boreholes drilled in Antarctica. The authors propose the conceptual project of a сenter for testing technologies and technical devices for glacier drilling. The сenter is to be located on two sites: the first — on the “Sablino” educational and scientific testing ground of Saint-Petersburg Mining University in the Leningrad Region (Russia), the second — at the drilling complex of 5G borehole at Vostok station in Antarctica. The implementation of the project will allow conducting experimental research and testing, using both shallow artificial ice wells and deep boreholes in the Antarctic glacier. In addition, it will allow maintaining the drilling complex and 5G borehole in a good technical condition.
Current Mesalazine Products: Differences in Enteric-Coated Dosage Forms and Pharmaceutical Risks of Clinical Efficacy Reduction (Review)
Authors: Serebrova S. Yu. , Evteev V. V. , Demchenkova E. Yu. , Zhuravleva M. V. , Prokofiev A. B.
Published: December 2024

INTRODUCTION. Oral mesalazine (5-aminosalicylic acid) products are commonly used to treat inflammatory bowel disease, in particular,  ulcerative  colitis.  The  clinical  efficacy  of  these  medicinal  products  depends  directly on the composition and properties of the polymers used to deliver mesalazine to the affected areas of the colon. However, the information that has been accumulated to date suggests that the release of mesalazine from enteric-coated dosage forms in gastrointestinal tract simulations differs from that in the actual human gastrointestinal tract, which necessitates further research.

AIM. This study aimed to systematise information on the polymers used in the enteric coating of mesalazine products and to assess the pharmaceutical risks associated with the potential reduction in the efficacy of ulcerative colitis therapy.

DISCUSSION. The absorption and metabolism of mesalazine dictate the need for enteric-coated dosage forms to deliver the active substance directly to the affected areas of the colon. The most common polymer used in the manufacturing of oral mesalazine products is a methacrylic acid–methyl methacrylate copolymer with a monomer ratio of 1:1, which releases the active substance at pH 7.0. Some manufacturers use a methacrylic acid–ethyl acrylate copolymer with a monomer ratio of 1:1, which dissolves at pH 5.5. The gastrointestinal pH in patients with  inflammatory  bowel  disease  may  vary  in  wide  and  often  overlapping  ranges  depending on the organ (1.0–7.0 in the stomach, 5.0–6.2 in the duodenum, 6.1–7.1 in the jejunum, 7.4–7.5 in the ileum, and 5.7–7.5 in the colon with a possibility of acidification in ulcerative colitis patients). The rate of gastrointestinal transit varies widely as well. These factors may cause premature release of mesalazine in the stomach or the small intestine before the dosage form reaches the colon, which poses the risks of reduced clinical efficacy and systemic adverse effects.

CONCLUSIONS. In the vast majority of ulcerative colitis patients, the methacrylic acid–methyl methacrylate copolymer provides targeted delivery of 5-aminosalicylic acid from tablets and granules, facilitating its local action in the colon. However, developers and manufacturers selecting the polymer for enteric coating of oral mesalazine dosage forms should consider the pharmaceutical risks associated with reduced clinical efficacy.
Adverse Reactions to Intravenous Immunoglobulin Therapy: An Analysis of the Russian National Pharmacovigilance Database
Authors: Nechaev A. V. , Leshina S. A. , Klepikova A. G. , Gaiderova L. A. , Velts N. Yu. , Gorelov K. V. , Polivanov V. A.
Published: December 2024

INTRODUCTION. Human immunoglobulins have been successfully used in clinical practice to treat multiple autoimmune and inflammatory conditions, and most of the current immunoglobulins are well tolerated by patients. However, patients may develop complications associated with proteins and other components of human plasma present in immunoglobulin products. The improvement of measures to ensure the quality, efficacy, and safety of immunobiologicals, including intravenous immunoglobulins (IVIGs), requires regular monitoring of data on individual and class-related adverse drug reactions (ADRs) associated with these medicinal products.

AIM. This study aimed to conduct a systematic and comprehensive assessment of information on the potential ADRs to the IVIGs of Russian marketing authorisation holders from summaries of medicinal product characteristics (SmPCs) and the Russian national pharmacovigilance database.

MATERIALS AND  METHODS.  The  study  analysed  the  SmPCs  of  all  the  IVIGs  authorised  for  use  in  Russia and the spontaneous reports of ADRs to the IVIGs of Russian marketing authorisation holders. The study was limited to the spontaneous reports submitted to the database PHARMACOVIGILANCE/MONITORING OF CLINICAL TRIALS OF MEDICINES in the Automated Information System of the Federal Service for Surveillance in Healthcare from 1 January 2020 to 30 August 2024.

RESULTS. At the time of the study, there were 20 normal human IVIGs authorised in Russia, and Russian companies held marketing authorisations for 9 of these IVIGs. During the study period, there were 133 cases of ADRs associated with the IVIGs of Russian marketing authorisation holders. The most common ADRs included 41 (16.5%) cases of hyperthermia, 14 (5.6%) cases of headache, 14 (5.6%) cases of urticaria, and 14 (5.6%) cases of treatment ineffectiveness. The majority of these cases (70%) occurred when IVIGs were used for approved indications.

CONCLUSIONS. All the ADRs identified in the analysis of the Russian national pharmacovigilance database were expected and consistent with the ADRs labelled in the SmPCs of the reported IVIGs. To reduce the risk of ADRs and improve the safety of IVIG therapy, it is required to develop a comprehensive approach to human IVIGs with quality assurance measures and standard use guidelines.
WoE Analysis and Key Risk Factors in Preclinical Development of Medicinal Products: A Review
Authors: Engalycheva G. N. , Syubaev R. D.
Published: December 2024

INTRODUCTION. In recent years, the Russian Federation and the Eurasian Economic Union have included the concept of ‘weight of evidence’ (WoE) in regulatory documents. International regulators place great emphasis on data transparency in documenting and assessing the WoE, and their position is reflected in the relevant regulatory documents. However, the Russian Federation has faced the absence of consistent Russian-language terminology in this area, the lack of a clear vision of WoE assessment principles, and the need for a sound understanding of applied WoE methods for pharmaceutical development and regulatory review of preclinical study results. These gaps require collated information on WoE assessment and practical guidance for its use.

AIM. This study aimed to analyse regulatory documents as well as scientific and methodological publications on the WoE concept and assessment methods in order to investigate the opportunities and practical applications of WoE analysis in the development of medicines and the regulatory review of study results.

DISCUSSION. This article covers documents by the International Council for Harmonisation of Technical Requirements for Pharmaceuticals for Human Use (ICH), the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), the European Chemicals Agency (ECHA), and other organisations. Using these documents and taking into account Russian terminology, the authors clarify the WoE as a concept and explain its assessment. Furthermore, the article classifies the key risk factors that must be considered in WoE analysis, with examples drawn from immunotoxicity, reproductive toxicity, and carcinogenicity studies. Analysing such data is critical to the design of preclinical studies, interpretation of their results, and safety evaluation of medicines. This article provides examples of WoE assessments conducted to consider the need for additional preclinical studies in juvenile animals in the development of small molecules and monoclonal antibodies for paediatric use.

CONCLUSION. The WoE assessment algorithms and criteria described in this article may be implemented by preclinical study initiators, their research teams, and regulatory experts evaluating medicines.
Improving Healthcare Professionals’ Reporting of Adverse Drug Reactions and Medication Errors
Authors: Editorial Article
Published: December 2024

This article is a Russian translation of a Plain Language Summary (PLS) of a Cochrane Review previously published in the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. Original publication: Shalviri G, Mohebbi N, Mirbaha F, Majdzadeh R, Yazdizadeh B, Gholami K, Grobler L, Rose CJ, Chin WY. Improving adverse drug event reporting by healthcare professionals. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2024;(10): CD012594. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD012594.pub2
Оценка коллекционного материала как ген-источника при селекции высокотехнологичных сортов фасоли зерновой
Authors: Козлова Ирина Викторовна , Пищулин Григорий Вячеславович
Published: December 2024

Фасоль обыкновенная является одной из самых важных бобовых культур во всем мире. На Кубани производство зерна этой культуры связано с определенными трудностями, поэтому использование сортов, не приспособленных к местным климатическим условиям, часто приводит к снижению продуктивности растений. Одной из важных проблем при выращивании фасоли на зерно является механизированная уборка урожая. Комплексное изучение образцов коллекции зерновой фасоли необходимо для селекционных программ, поскольку помогает выделить источники хозяйственно ценных признаков и отобрать генетический материал для дальнейшего скрещивания. На фоне стандартного сорта Южанка в 2022 – 2023 гг. проанализированы по морфологическим признакам 9 образцов фасоли зерновой. Установлено, что большинство количественных признаков продуктивности проявляют высокую и среднюю изменчивость. Это позволяет подобрать исходный материал для селекции фасоли по необходимым критериям. Выделены: образцы, превышающие стандарт по числу бобов на растении; имеющие высокое прикрепление нижнего боба; ген-источники мелкосемянности. По результатам урожайности товарного зерна наибольшую урожайность показал образец Bolinha, превышающий стандартный сорт Южанка на 0,028 кг/м2 (13,5 %). Полученные данные свидетельствуют, что новые образцы фасоли зерновой являются ценным исходным материалом и могут стать донорами хозяйственно ценных признаков при создании высокотехнологичных сортов фасоли зерновой с повышенной адаптивной способностью к стрессовым условиям произрастания Краснодарского края.
Продуктивность и устойчивость удвоенных гаплоидов риса Oryza sativa L. с геном Pi-ta для селекции риса на Дальнем Востоке России
Authors: Илюшко Марина Владиславовна , Гученко Светлана Сергеевна , Выборова Татьяна Алексеевна , Лелявская Валентина Николаевна
Published: December 2024

В ходе маркер-ориентированной селекции отобрано 56 линий андрогенных удвоенных гаплоидов Oryza sativa L. с геном устойчивости риса к Pyricularia oryzae Cav. Pi-ta. В качестве растений доноров в андрогенезе in vitro использовано 13 гибридов F1 7 гибридных комбинаций. Удвоенные гаплоиды риса DH1 и DH3 выращивали в условиях вегетационной площадки в 2022 и 2024 гг. Определяли биометрические показатели по основным элементам продуктивности. В качестве контроля использован районированный сорт Долинный. Устойчивость к пирикуляриозу 17 линий удвоенных гаплоидов DH2 и DH3 изучали в 2023 – 2024 гг. в условиях вегетационного домика. В качестве контроля высевали 4 сорта риса: Дальневосточный, Приморский 29, Долинный и Кармелит. Оценивали листовую форму поражения риса. Всхожесть семян удвоенных гаплоидов DH0 была традиционно низкая. По результатам 2024 г., 4 линии DH3 превышают по продуктивности контрольный сорт Долинный, 8 линий DH3 находятся на уровне контроля. Линии DH2 – DH3 проявили высокую степень устойчивости к приморским расам P. oryzae в течение 2 лет исследования. Контрольные сорта показали восприимчивый и промежуточный типы реакции к патогену. В дальневосточной практике впервые получены высокоустойчивые к пирикуляриозу продуктивные линии DH3 с использованием маркер-ориентированной селекции.
Регуляторы роста и их использование для обработки семян ярового ячменя в условиях ЦЧР
Authors: Дубинкина Елена Анатольевна , Беляев Николай Николаевич , Дудова Елена Владимировна
Published: December 2024

Изучено влияние физиологически активных веществ нового поколения на урожайность ячменя в условиях Центрального Черноземья. Установлено положительное влияние совместного применения фунгицидного протравителя в полной дозе с регуляторами роста в композиционной смеси. Отмечено улучшение выживаемости растений к уборке. За контроль был принят вариант с обработкой семян ячменя сорта Чакинский 221 протравителем Грандсил (фон). Густота стояния растений к концу вегетации была выше во всех вариантах по сравнению с контролем — от 18 (фон + Эпин-экстра) до 37 шт./м2 (фон + Новосил); сохранность растений к уборке превышала контроль от 3,1 (фон + Эпин-экстра) до 5,1 % (фон + Циркон). Энергия прорастания и всхожесть в изучаемых вариантах увеличивалась от 3 до 6 %. В среднем за 3 года (2017 – 2019) количество продуктивных стеблей было больше во всех вариантах с применением регуляторов роста — от 29 до 39 шт./м2; масса зерна с 1 колоса превышала контроль на 0,08 – 0,22 г; длина колоса составила 7,3 – 7,7 см; число зерен в колосе превышало контроль на 0,8 – 2,3 шт. В среднем за 3 года урожайность ячменя в изучаемых вариантах составила от 2,99 (фон + Эпин-экстра) до 3,08 т/га (фон + Альбит), что выше контроля на 13,7 – 17,1 %. При обработке семян ячменя регуляторами роста возрастала устойчивость культуры к инфекционным заболеваниям.
Improving seed germination and bulb induction of Allium tuncelianum kolmann under aseptic conditions
Authors: Kızıl Süleyman , Khawar Khalid Mahmood
Published: December 2024

Allium tuncelianum (Kollman) N. Ozhatay, B. Mathew & Siraneci] or Tunceli garlic is endemic to the Eastern Turkish Provinces of Tunceli, Sivas Erzincan and [Munzur mountains]. They are edible and bear attractive deep lilac colored flowers with fertile black deep dormant seeds. Tunceli garlic seeds were collected from field-grown plants and aimed to break seed dormancy to optimize conditions for induction of bulblets, along with their growth, development, and increased bulb diameter. Therefore, these were cultured on MS medium amended with different strengths of KNO3. They were germinated on MS medium with or without 20 g L-1 sucrose followed by their culture on 1, 2, 4 and 6 × KNO3 (found in MS medium) to increase bulb diameter. Improved seed germination was noted on MS medium with and without sucrose but with variation compared to the previous reports. The bulb formation rate on each of the germinated seeds was not parallel. The results showed 34 and 28.5% bulb induction noted on germinated seeds after 150 and 158 days on MS medium containing 20 g L-1 sucrose and no sucrose in the same sequence. The results emphatically noted the role of cold stratification on agar-solidified MS medium supplemented with sucrose to improve seed germination. The best increase in bulb diameter was noted on MS medium containing 1 × KNO3 (found in MS medium) after 178 days with bulblet diameter and weight of 0.54 cm and 0.048 g, respectively. Consequently, the bulbs induced on sucrose-containing MS medium could be transferred to pots earlier. Increased (>1 × KNO3 found in MS medium) negatively affected on the growth and development of Tunceli garlic bulbs. The strategy of seed germination and bulblet induction reported in this study could be positively used to conserve and protect this endemic plant species.
DIGITAL VISUAL ART AS A SOCIAL INTEGRATOR
Authors: B.A. Nurbossynova
Published: December 2024

This article examines the evolving role of digital art as a social integrator, with a particular focus on the digital art scene in Kazakhstan. Art has long sought to create emotional and spiritual balance, mediating between contrasts like past and future, reality and dreams, and internal and external worlds. Today, with the rapid development of technology and globalization, art increasingly engages with digital media to perform its communicative and harmonizing functions. The work of contemporary Kazakh digital artists, such as Danabol Birlesbek and Magnificum, addresses significant social issues, including national identity, domestic violence, and environmental concerns. Through their art, these creators provoke reflection on the rapidly changing society in Kazakhstan. Additionally, the article explores the innovative approaches taken by multimedia exhibitions, such as those at Lumiere-Hall in Almaty. These exhibits merge traditional art with new media, transforming the experience into something more immersive and interactive. For instance, the exhibition Salvador Dali. Cryptography blends recognizable Dali imagery with symbolic and interactive digital elements, requiring viewers to actively interpret the narrative rather than passively observe. The article also highlights the work of Nargis Rakhmanova and other Kazakh artists who use digital art as a bridge between traditional cultural values and contemporary social issues. These artists contribute not only to the development of art but also to public discourse on topics such as gender, identity, and family dynamics. By incorporating modern technology into their practices, Kazakh digital artists play a crucial role in shaping the country's cultural transformation and fostering deeper societal dialogue.
Application of analytical hierarchy process for emergency managers selection
Authors:   Security Research Center, Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Maksimović Goran
Published: December 2024

The selection of the most qualified staff for the performance of responsible duties in the field of emergency management is an extremely sensitive task. By excluding some external factors and focusing exclusively on the professional domain, the application of certain mathematical tools significantly facilitates the work of decision makers. One of the most commonly used tools for solving multi-criteria decision-making problems in the analytical decision-making approach is Analytical Hierarchy Process. Through the paper, the theoretical basis of this method is explained in more detail through the basic steps and the mathematical basis is described for easier understanding emphasizing advantages and disadvantages of the method. The application of the method is practically presented on the example of the selection of the best candidate for a management position in the emergency management sector.
A modelling platform For optimisation analyses of fluid-thermal systems using MS Excel (Thermax 1-2-3)
Authors: El-Awad Mohamed Musadag
Published: December 2024

This power point presentation describes the development of a modelling platform for the analyses and optimisation of thermal-fluid systems by using MS Excel. The two main components of the Excel-based platform are Excel and Solver but it incorporates the Thermax add-in for fluid properties and VBA for the development of additional user-defined functions. The presentations show how the platform can be used in fundamental courses, design analyses, and research analyses and provides the relenat references.
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Authors: Cho Minha
Published: December 2024

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An Imagined Golden Past: The Cognitive Foundations of Decline Narratives in Human Societies
Authors: Hong Ze
Published: December 2024

In this paper, I examine the widespread phenomenon of decline narratives in human societies, where the past is idealized as a “golden age” characterized by extraordinary abundance, strength, longevity, and supernatural powers, in contrast to a flawed present. Drawing on ethnographic, historical, and psychological evidence, I explore the cultural manifestations and cognitive foundations of these narratives. The analysis highlights the roles of cognitive biases such as rosy retrospection and narrative inflation, as well as the strategic use of temporal distancing to rationalize fantastical beliefs by situating them in a distant, unfalsifiable past. By comparing decline narratives in traditional societies with progress narratives in modern, industrialized contexts, I discuss how these contrasting frameworks shape cultural attitudes toward tradition and change and consider their broader implications for understanding how cultural narratives influence human behavior.
The choice of focusing on ED is anchored on many reasons: 1) ED, with the Emergency Room, is the door between the territory and the hospital and the main entry for complex and urgent care needs. This is where processes start being aggregated, where interconnections between distinctive competencies, resources, and professional collaborations must be developed rapidly to guarantee the QoS. 2) ED is a complex intersection among different health care logics, implying different perspectives of care and treatment
Authors: Muzzulini Barbara
Published: December 2024

In this dissertation, we investigate the qualitative structure, phenomenology, recollective experience, and determinants of ‘Flashbulb memories (FBMs)’ – autobiographical recalls of the circumstances in which an individual learned about an important and emotionally arousing public event – and their associated ‘Event memories (EMs)’ – non-autobiographical recalls of the event in itself. Research on FBMs is currently enduring heated theoretical debates about the ‘special status’ of these memories, and their relationship with EMs. We address these issues in light of two chief hypotheses: (1) FBMs are ‘special’ because of their iconicity, (2) FBMs and EMs rely on different memory systems. Along these premises, we present a systematic review of the literature and three empirical studies focusing on real-life public events. Along these, we adopt a test-retest methodology with long retention times to investigate FBMs’ and EMs’ evolution, and the factors underlying their formation and maintenance. Results of the systematic review show that FBMs are characterised by exceptional vividness and perceptive features. Building on this, we propose a new theoretical frame (Studies 1 and 2) in which we identify and characterize ‘perceptive core images’, a memory component that we argue is crucial in explaining the nature of FBMs and facilitating their long-term retrieval. Finally, we show (Study 3) that the long-term evolutions of FBMs and EMs are independent; and that the two are characterized by different recollective processes and predicted by different factors. Theoretical and practical implications of this frame are discussed.
“How would you define your sexuality?” Analyzing the questions asked in official asylum interviews with sexual minorities
Authors: Selim Hedayat , Helenelund Mia , Vanto Johanna , Skrifvars Jenny , Alvesalo-Kuusi Anne , Pirjatanniemi Elina , Korkman Julia , Antfolk Jan
Published: December 2024

Asylum applications lodged by sexual minorities are expected to continue increasing in the future. Asylum interviews should be conducted in a way that supports fair and accurate asylum decision-making. Yet, psychological research has identified shortcomings in current asylum interviewing techniques. In this study, we analyzed interview style, question type, and question content in 129 Finnish asylum cases based on sexual orientation. Officials mainly used the information-gathering style of interviewing and rarely used the most unrecommended (i.e., suggested and forced choice) question types (3%). However, only 12% of all questions were open questions, whereas focused and yes/no questions were predominant. Over half of all questions sought to establish the credibility of the applicants’ sexual orientation, whereas 29% of questions inquired about accounts of persecution. To assess the credibility of sexual orientation, officials primarily asked about applicants’ relationships, their feelings, and their sexual identity development, reflecting Western understandings of sexuality. Asking more open questions and focusing more extensively on assessing applicants’ persecution risk would improve current interviewing practice. To support fair and accurate asylum decision-making, future research should investigate how non-Western queer people experience their sexual identity development. Training programs could also support asylum officials in conducting interviews in this context.
Name uniqueness and the rise of individualism in Imperial China (540-1880 CE)
Authors: Fan Zhaolun , Thouzeau Valentin , Zhong Ying , Chevallier Coralie , Baumard Nicolas
Published: December 2024

Individualism, characterized by autonomy, independence and self-expression is typically seen as a modern and Western phenomenon. Cultural historians, however, have pointed out that its roots extend much further into the past. In this paper, we delve deeper in time to quantify the rise of individualism in history. Using data from the China Biographical Database (CBDB, N = 641,568) spanning 1,500 years of Chinese history (540-1880 CE), we observe a long-term increase in name uniqueness, a common proxy for individualism. Our analysis reveals that this general increase parallels the economic development and modernization of China throughout the Imperial period. Consistent with this, the economically advanced Yangtze River Delta exhibits consistently higher levels of name uniqueness compared to less developed regions. Finally, we observe a decline in name uniqueness during the late Qing dynasty, coinciding with a period of economic crisis. These results suggest that the rise of individualism is tied to economic development and modernization, transcending cultural and geographic boundaries. Our findings contribute to a more nuanced understanding of cultural evolution in China and challenge long-held assumptions about the immutability of Chinese culture. This research provides new insights into the complex relationship between economic development, cultural change, and the emergence of individualistic values in non-Western contexts.
Гаращук І. В. До питання реалізації права комунальної власності територіальними громадами
Authors: Гаращук Ілона
Published: December 2024

Статтю присвячено дослідженню природи територіальної громади як суб’єкта права комунальної власності, визначено оптимальні напрямки підвищення ефективності реалізації права комунальної власності в Україні.