bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
"I Told Him That the French Army Being Auxiliary in This Continent, It Was Up to the American General to Give His Orders": The Paradoxes of French Military Operations in America, 1778–1783
Authors: Chaline Olivier
Published: February 2024

Abstract: On 19 October 1781, at the surrender of Yorktown, the Comte de Rochambeau replied to the British general Charles O'Hara, who wanted to give his sword to Rochambeau rather than George Washington, that the French army was only auxiliary on this continent. This reply corresponded exactly to the mission defined at Versailles the previous year. But it is surprising: how can a great military power take orders from a smaller one? The answer lies in the evolution of the practical arrangements for Franco-American military cooperation between 1778 and 1781. France sent large naval and land forces across the Atlantic. But for success to be possible, the French and Americans had to be able to act together, and French sailors and soldiers had to be able to master combined operations.
Montesquieu and The Federalist : A Contested Legacy at the American Founding
Authors: Toudic Hugo , Spector Céline
Published: February 2024

Abstract: During the contentious political debate of 1787, Montesquieu enjoyed exceptional prestige in the United States. In their struggle against the Constitution adopted in Philadelphia, Anti-Federalists appealed to The Spirit of the Laws as their leading authority. In response, those defending the proposed Constitution had to go back to Montesquieu's founding theories to counter the arguments of their opponents. Building upon previous scholarship, this article will explore three aspects of The Federalist 's political doctrine where Madison and Hamilton analyzed and subverted Montesquieu's ideas: first, the dogma that republics cannot survive when surrounded by empires if they do not unite their forces in a confederation; second, that in a federative state as in any kind of state, power should limit power; third, that in this constitutional arrangement, an independent judiciary should play a special role. Thus, the core of American federal ideology was borrowed from Montesquieu: that multiple layers of government could legitimately exist within a single polity, and that such an arrangement is not a defect to be lamented but a virtue to be celebrated if the balance of powers is properly respected. Yet it is only by confronting the Anti-Federalists' intellectual allegiance to axioms of The Spirit of the Laws that Madison and Hamilton were able to provide the first political treatise – however unfinished it might be – on the viability of modern democracies.
The Impact of the American Revolution on French Anticolonial and Antislavery Views in the 1780s
Authors: Lounissi Carine
Published: February 2024

Abstract: The American Revolution happened as Raynal and Diderot were working on the third edition of their monumental Philosophical and Political History of the Settlements and Trade of the Europeans in the East and West Indies . Beyond this bestseller of the 1770s and 1780s, many lesser-known authors started to consider the impact of the American Revolution on the issue of colonies and empires. Among them were journalists and essayists who lived in the French colony of Saint-Domingue. The American Revolution appeared to them, as well as to other French cosmopolitan writers of the same generation and profile, as the starting point of a liberation of the whole American continent from European imperial rule and potentially from the slave trade and slavery. The gradual abolition of slavery in Northern American States was seen as a logical consequence of the American Revolution. However, the writers who thought about the consequences of the American Revolution in terms of decolonization were not the same as those who engaged in a thorough reflection on slavery, a debate in which more well-known figures, like Condorcet and Brissot, played a key role.
Connecting the Histories of France and the United States, circa 1750–1800
Authors: Furstenberg François
Published: February 2024

Abstract: This is the concluding essay of a special issue of Early American Studies guest-edited by Kevin Butterfield and Bertrand Van Ruymbeke based on the proceedings of a conference hosted by George Washington's Mount Vernon in Paris, France, in 2019 exploring the diverse approaches of present-day French scholars to the history of the American War for Independence.
What Purpose Education? Anna Julia Cooper’s and Booker T. Washington’s Differing Views on Education
Authors: Hudson Julie E.
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT: This article discusses Dr. Anna Julia Haywood Cooper’s and Booker T. Washington’s advocacy for African American education during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Cooper and Washington had very different opinions about the purpose and kind of education African Americans should receive. Each saw education as central to African Americans’ success and inclusion in the American nation. Cooper perceived education as an opportunity for self-actualization and a way to resist political oppression and racial discrimination. Washington had a more pragmatic approach to education, seeing it as a utilitarian tool to help create a Black labor class to reconstruct a New South. Cooper’s A Voice from the South by a Black Woman of the South (1892) and “Educational Programs” (ca. 1930s) and Washington’s Atlanta Exposition speech (1895) and Up from Slavery (1901) provide readers insight into their ideas about the purpose of education. Cooper and Washington were two of the leading voices debating the question, What purpose education? Was education meant to be emancipatory and liberating, as the enslaved and their descendants believed and hoped it would be? Or was it meant to be pragmatic and utilitarian, as those seeking economic solutions to their problems thought it should be? The answers to these questions would have long-lasting effects on the lives of African Americans.
Democracy in the Valley: Impacts of Voter ID Laws in Texas’s Rio Grande Valley
Authors: Goodwin Ronald E.
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT: While we celebrate the monumental achievements of American democracy since its inception, we should also acknowledge that the Founding Fathers purposefully excluded a segment of the population from participating in the new republic. What has come to be known as “voter suppression” is a political strategy to discourage those qualified to vote from participating in the democratic process. For example, white supremacists used direct violence, literacy tests, and poll taxes to keep the former enslaved and their descendants from voting in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. In Texas, the integrity of the voting process came under intense scrutiny after the 2008 presidential cycle. Even though voter fraud and irregularities were generally unproven, state officials still passed new voter identification laws, which took effect in 2013. Critics of the new laws claim they are merely a voter suppression act aimed at the state’s growing Hispanic population. Therefore, this case study examines the predominantly Hispanic region of Texas, known as the Rio Grande Valley, to determine if such voter suppression acts successfully reduced voter participation during the national elections between 2012 and 2022.
Before the Storm: A Transrealm History of the Decades Leading Up to the First Mongol Invasion of Japan
Authors: Nie Lina
Published: February 2024

Abstract: The Mongol invasions of Japan (1274 and 1281) are among the most widely studied events in thirteenth-century East Asian maritime history. Less attention, however, has been paid to the lengthy negotiations that took place prior to the first invasion and involved Khubilai Khan (1215–1294), his Chinese advisers, the Koryŏ king, the Kamakura shogunate, and the Japanese imperial court. Based on primary sources from the Mongols, Koreans, and Japanese, this article demonstrates that merely focusing on the invasions themselves is insufficient to describe their complexity. Moreover, the diverse strategies that different regimes utilized in dealing with the Mongol Empire demonstrate new possibilities for interpreting the medieval maritime world in ways that go beyond the conventional historical narrative, which treats Mongolian expansion as the overarching framework. Adopting a transrealm and maritime perspective that enables the integration of Japanese history within a broader geographic context, this article investigates the actions and reactions of different parties to the negotiations. It thus attempts to move beyond the conceptual limitations we run up against when we apply contemporary boundaries and identities associated with modern nation-states in studying this important episode in East Asian and world history.
The Philadelphia Bray Schools: A Story of Black Education in Early America, 1758–1845
Authors: Stanton Grant , Van Horne John C.
Published: February 2024

Abstract: The Associates of Dr. Bray, an Anglican charity, supported schools for Black children in Philadelphia operated by Christ Church and the African Episcopal Church of St. Thomas from 1758 to 1845. This narrative history of the schools complements open-source data accessible online through the Magazine of Early American Datasets . These spreadsheets present information pertaining to the schools' operations gleaned from the Associates' archive in the United Kingdom. Besides the very few class lists from the period before the American Revolution, there are more than 90 lists for the Philadelphia schools covering the period from 1821 to 1845 that identify almost four hundred individual pupils and their curricula, providing valuable insight into one of the few opportunities for Black education in early America.
Low-cost 3D printed lenses for brightfield and fluorescence microscopy
Authors: Christopher Jay , Rooney Liam M. , Donnachie Mark , Uttamchandani Deepak , McConnell Gail , Bauer Ralf
Published: March 2024

We present the fabrication and implementation of low-cost optical quality 3D printed lenses, and their application as microscope objectives with different prescriptions. The imaging performance of the 3D printed lenses was benchmarked against commercially available optics including a 20 mm focal length 12.7 mm diameter NBK-7 plano-convex lens used as a low magnification objective, and a separate high magnification objective featuring three 6 mm diameter NBK-7 lenses with different positive and negative focal lengths. We describe the design and manufacturing processes to produce high-quality 3D printed lenses. We tested their surface quality using a stylus profilometer, showing that they conform to that of commercial glass counterpart lenses. The 3D printed lenses were used as microscope objectives in both brightfield and epi-fluorescence imaging of specimens including onion, cyanobacteria, and variegated Hosta leaves, demonstrating a sub-cellular resolution performance obtained with low-cost 3D printed optical elements within brightfield and fluorescence microscopy.
1.55 µm wavelength band photonic crystal surface emitting laser with n-side photonic crystal and operation at up to 85 °C
Authors: Moodie David , Boylan Karl , Hattasan Nannicha , Rihani Samir , Pearce Stuart , Qi Lu , Dosanjh Sukhjiban , Repiso Menendez Eva , Silva Matteo , Spalding Richard , Burlinson Stephen , Gillanders Martin , Turner David , Berry Graham
Published: February 2024

We describe the structure, fabrication, and measured performance of a 1543 nm wavelength photonic crystal surface emitting laser. An asymmetric double lattice design was used to achieve single mode lasing with side mode suppression ratios >40 dB. The photonic crystal was formed using encapsulated air holes in an n-doped InGaAsP layer with an InGaAlAs active layer then grown above it. In this way a laser with a low series resistance of 0.32 Ω capable of pulsed output powers of 171 mW at 25 °C and 40 mW at 85 °C was demonstrated.
Timekeepers in Space
Authors: Cartlidge Edwin
Published: March 2024

Placing optical clocks in orbit could potentially transform
timekeeping, navigation and precision science—if scientists can
overcome the formidable hurdles involved.
Research and Industry News
Authors: Cartlidge Edwin , Curtis Susan , Daukantas Patricia , Kim Meeri , Kirkland Alessia , Lanford Hannah , Sender Rachel , Wills Stewart
Published: March 2024

Computer vision for 3D printing / Super-resolution ruler / Fiber
sensing of cicadas / Nanophotonic mode-locked laser / VR goggles for
mice / Chip-based microwave filter / X-ray imaging / Rogue waves /
Industry news
Zwischen Forschung und Praxis: Fähigkeiten und Limitationen generativer KI sowie ihre wachsende Bedeutung in der Zukunft
Authors: Leible Stephan , Gücük Gian-Luca , Simic Dejan , von Brackel-Schmidt Constantin , Lewandowski Tom
Published: March 2024

Die dynamische Entwicklung und steigende Beliebtheit generativer künstlicher Intelligenz (genKI), besonders durch die Verbreitung und dem Einsatz von ChatGPT, hat das enorme Potenzial dieser Technologie gezeigt, Berufsfelder und Branchen grundlegend transformieren zu können. Die Entscheidung hinsichtlich des Einsatzes von genKI sowie die Identifikation aussichtsreicher Anwendungsszenarien stellen in Anbetracht eines rasch wachsenden und immer komplexeren Marktes erhebliche Herausforderungen dar. Angesichts dieser Gegebenheiten wird mit dem vorliegenden Artikel das Ziel verfolgt, eine Übersicht über die Fähigkeiten und Limitationen von genKI zu präsentieren. Mittels einer systematischen Literaturrecherche wurden vielfältige Anwendungsszenarien eruiert und im Hinblick auf die Ergebnisse des genKI-Einsatzes bewertet, was eine Momentaufnahme der aktuellen Fähigkeiten und Limitationen ermöglichte. Zusätzlich wurde eine Umfrage unter 40 Teilnehmenden durchgeführt, um die Nutzungsgewohnheiten und Erfahrungen im Umgang mit genKI zu erfassen und die Befunde aus der Literatur zu validieren. Die erlangten Einsichten sollen Praktikerinnen und Praktiker bei der Navigation im Bereich genKI unterstützen und eine Entscheidungshilfe bieten, indem die identifizierten Fähigkeiten und Limitationen im Kontext eigener Anwendungsszenarien eingeordnet werden können. Weiterhin liefern die Ergebnisse Anhaltspunkte für die methodische Untersuchung von genKI-Anwendungsszenarien sowie Ausgangspunkte für die wissenschaftliche Vertiefung durch Forscherinnen und Forscher. Mit der Verknüpfung von theoretischer Analyse und praktischer Erhebung bietet der Artikel einen umfassenden Einblick in den aktuellen Stand von genKI.
Structural and functional characterization of AfsR, an SARP family transcriptional activator of antibiotic biosynthesis in Streptomyces
Authors: Wang Yiqun , Yang Xu , Yu Feng , Deng Zixin , Lin Shuangjun , Zheng Jianting
Published: March 2024

Streptomyces antibiotic regulatory proteins (SARPs) are widely distributed activators of antibiotic biosynthesis. Streptomyces coelicolor AfsR is an SARP regulator with an additional nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD) and a tetratricopeptide repeat (TPR) domain. Here, we present cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structures and in vitro assays to demonstrate how the SARP domain activates transcription and how it is modulated by NOD and TPR domains. The structures of transcription initiation complexes (TICs) show that the SARP domain forms a side-by-side dimer to simultaneously engage the afs box overlapping the −35 element and the σHrdB region 4 (R4), resembling a sigma adaptation mechanism. The SARP extensively interacts with the subunits of the RNA polymerase (RNAP) core enzyme including the β-flap tip helix (FTH), the β′ zinc-binding domain (ZBD), and the highly flexible C-terminal domain of the α subunit (αCTD). Transcription assays of full-length AfsR and truncated proteins reveal the inhibitory effect of NOD and TPR on SARP transcription activation, which can be eliminated by ATP binding. In vitro phosphorylation hardly affects transcription activation of AfsR, but counteracts the disinhibition of ATP binding. Overall, our results present a detailed molecular view of how AfsR serves to activate transcription.
An eight-season analysis of the teams’ performance in the Spanish LaLiga according to the final league ranking
Authors: Errekagorri Ibai , Fernandez-Navarro Javier , López-Del Campo Roberto , Resta Ricardo , Castellano Julen
Published: February 2024

This study aimed to analyse the performance of 5,518 collective observations of the Spanish LaLiga teams for eight consecutive seasons (from 2011–12 to 2018–19), considering the final league ranking. The teams were divided into four groups: Europe (from 1st to 6th), Upper-Middle (from 7th to 11th), Lower-Middle (from 12th to 17th) and Relegation (from 18th to 20th). The variables recorded were: Passes, Successful Passes, Crosses, Shots, Goals, Corners, Fouls, Width, Length, Height, distance from the goalkeeper to the nearest defender (GkDef), total distance covered (TD) and number of points accumulated. The main results were that: 1) Europe, being superior to the rest of the groups, showed lower values of Length from 2015–16, and lower values of GkDef from 2014–15; 2) Upper-Middle showed lower values of Length from 2015–16; 3) Lower-Middle showed fewer Shots from 2013–14, and lower values of Length, GkDef and TD from 2014–15; and, 4) Relegation barely showed significant differences between seasons in any variable. The study concludes that the teams of the Europe, Upper-Middle and Relegation groups showed quite stable performance, while the teams of the Lower-Middle group presented a worsening in different dimensions as the seasons progressed. The information provided in this study makes it possible to have reference values that have characterized the performance of the teams for each group.
Novel embryological classifications of hepatic arteries based on the relationship between aberrant right hepatic arteries and the middle hepatic artery: A retrospective study of contrast-enhanced computed tomography images
Authors: Uraoka Mio , Funamizu Naotake , Sogabe Kyosei , Shine Mikiya , Honjo Masahiko , Tamura Kei , Sakamoto Katsunori , Ogawa Kohei , Takada Yasutsugu
Published: February 2024

Background

Variations in hepatic arteries are frequently encountered during pancreatoduodenecomy. Identifying anomalies, especially the problematic aberrant right hepatic artery (aRHA), is crucial to preventing vascular-related complications. In cases where the middle hepatic artery (MHA) branches from aRHAs, their injury may lead to severe liver ischemia. Nevertheless, there has been little information on whether MHA branches from aRHAs. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between aRHAs and the MHA based on the embryological development of visceral arteries.

Methods

This retrospective study analyzed contrast-enhanced computed tomography images of 759 patients who underwent hepatobiliary-pancreatic surgery between January 2011 and August 2022. The origin of RHAs and MHA courses were determined using three-dimensional reconstruction. All cases of aRHAs were categorized into those with or without replacement of the left hepatic artery (LHA).

Results

Among the 759 patients, 163 (21.4%) had aRHAs. Five aRHAs patterns were identified: (Type 1) RHA from the gastroduodenal artery (2.7%), (Type 2) RHA from the superior mesenteric artery (SMA) (12.7%), (Type 3) RHA from the celiac axis (2.1%), (Type 4) common hepatic artery (CHA) from the SMA (3.5%), and (Type 5) separate branching of RHA and LHA from the CHA (0.26%). The MHA did not originate from aRHAs in Types 1–3, whereas in Type 4, it branched from either the RHA or LHA.

Conclusions

Based on the developmental process of hepatic and visceral arteries, branching of the MHA from aRHAs is considered rare. However, preoperative recognition and intraoperative anatomical assessment of aRHAs is essential to avoid injury.
The many faces of Candida auris: Phenotypic and strain variation in an emerging pathogen
Authors: Santana Darian J. , Zhao Guolei , O’Meara Teresa R.
Published: March 2024

Candida auris is an emerging fungal pathogen with unusual evolutionary history—there are multiple distinct phylogeographic clades showing a near simultaneous transition from a currently unknown reservoir to nosocomial pathogen. Each of these clades has experienced different selective pressures over time, likely resulting in selection for genotypes with differential fitness or phenotypic consequences when introduced to new environments. We also observe diversification within clades, providing additional opportunities for phenotypic differences. These differences can have large impacts on pathogenic potential, drug resistance profile, evolutionary trajectory, and transmissibility. In recent years, there have been significant advances in our understanding of strain-specific behavior in other microbes, including bacterial and fungal pathogens, and we have an opportunity to take this strain variation into account when describing aspects of C. auris biology. Here, we critically review the literature to gain insight into differences at both the strain and clade levels in C. auris, focusing on phenotypes associated with clinical disease or transmission. Our goal is to integrate clinical and epidemiological perspectives with molecular perspectives in a way that would be valuable for both audiences. Identifying differences between strains and understanding which phenotypes are strain specific will be crucial for understanding this emerging pathogen, and an important caveat when describing the analysis of a singular isolate.
A tanulásban akadályozott tanulók idegennyelv-oktatásának kérdései
Authors: Nemes Magdolna , Jeszták Emília
Published: February 2024

Dolgozatunkban a magyarországi, tanulásban akadályozott tanulók általános iskolai idegennyelv- oktatásának kérdéseivel foglalkozunk. Kutatásunk során félig-strukturált interjúkat készítettünk kilenc nyelvtanárral, akik szegregált intézményekben idegen nyelvet oktatnak tanulásban akadályozott tanulóknak. A kutatást 2022 tavaszán végeztük. Az interjúk egy része személyes jelenlétben, másik része online formában zajlott. Hazánkban a szegregált intézményben tanuló, tanulásban akadályozott diákok 7. osztálytól, heti 2 órában tanulnak idegen nyelvet, amely lehet angol vagy német. A kutatásunk során megkérdezett pedagógusok válaszai azt mutatják, hogy nagy figyelmet fordítanak a játékos, kommunikatív nyelvoktatásra és a diákok egyéni fejlesztésére. Az általunk készített interjúk elemzése során úgy láttuk, a tanulásban akadályozott tanulók nyelvoktatása kihívás a pedagógus számára, hiszen a tanulóknak nagyon sok esetben az anyanyelvükön is nehézségeik vannak. A tanulásban akadályozott tanulók nyelvoktatása teret ad a pedagógusok kreativitásának. A nyelvórákon használják az interaktív táblát, az IKT-eszközöket, többféle játékos feladatot is beépítenek a tanítási folyamatba, pl. memóriajáték, kártyajátékok, társasjátékok. A pedagógusok mozgásra épülő mondókákkal, dalokkal is színesítik az óráikat. A kutatás másik részében hetedik osztályos, tanulásban akadályozott tanulókat kérdeztünk az iskolai angolóráikkal kapcsolatban. A fókuszcsoportos beszélgetés során világossá vált, hogy a nyelvórán kívül nem foglalkoznak az angolórai tananyaggal, és csak néhányan hallgatnak angol nyelvű dalokat. Mindannyian egyetértettek abban, hogy az angol nyelv fontos a jövőjük szempontjából, elsősorban a munkavállalás és az utazás területén.
Resztoratív szemléletű konfliktuskezelés és környezeti nevelés az óvodai gyakorlatban
Authors: Bodnárné Fülöp Mária
Published: February 2024

A társadalom egészében, a kisebb közösségek és az egyének szintjén is napról napra számtalan vitás helyzetet élünk meg. Egyre égetőbb igény jelentkezik az összeütközések alternatív megoldására. A nevelési és oktatási intézményeknek kiemelt szerepet kell vállalniuk a konfliktusok kezelési módjainak bemutatásában. Ennek oka, hogy a közösségben számtalan lehetőség nyílik ezen technikák elsajátíttatására, gyakorlására. Az óvodában tudatos, tervezett pedagógiai ráhatásokkal elérhetjük, hogy a rendezési módok során kialakult pozitív személyiségjegyek tartósan formálják a gyermekek jellemét. Publikációm célja a resztoratív szemléletű konfliktuskezelés óvodai alkalmazhatóságának, módjainak és eredményeinek bemutatása. Az óvodapedagógusi munkám tapasztalatait osztom meg.
A New Series of Indole and Azaindole Derivatives with Oxo-dihydropyridines: Synthesis, Characterization and Cytotoxicity Studies against Breast Malignant Cell Lines
Authors: Madugula Aravinda Kumar , Jagadeesh K. , Varma D.B.N. Suresh , Kadiyala K. Ganesh , Pedada Srinivasa Rao , Guttula Rama Swamy , Nagababu U. , Rangaiah Gururaja
Published: February 2024

In this investigation, a novel series of indole and azaindole comprising oxo-dihydropyridine derivatives was synthesized. From their spectral (1H NMR and FTIR) as well as elemental (MS) investigations, the structures of all the synthesized 12 oxo-dihydropyridine derivatives were determined. Cytotoxicity of synthesized twelve compound was evaluated against MDA-MB-231 malignant breast cells had been assessed. Compound 1,6-diamino-4-(1H-indol-3-yl)-2-oxo-1,2-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarbonitrile showed more percent of inhibition of growth and four more derivatives showed moderate percent of inhibition of growth counter to MDA-MB-231 malignant breast cells. The derivative 1,6-diamino-4-(1H-indol-3-yl)-2-oxo-1,2-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarbonitrile showed the highest effectiveness when assessing the IC50 value against the malignant breast cell line MDA-MB-231. Each of the compounds synthesized has a druggable character and meets Lipinski’s criteria of five.
Catalytic Reduction of Aromatic Nitro Compounds in Aqueous Media using Silver Nanoparticles Embedded-Preyssler Functionalized Cellulose Biocomposite as a Green and Recoverable Catalyst
Authors: Nazari Azadeh , Heravi Majid M. , Daraie Mansoureh
Published: February 2024

Reduction reactions of aromatic nitro compounds to amines with high conversion and chemoselectivity have been achieved using a combination of catalytic quantities of silver nanoparticles embedded Preyssler-cellulose biocomposite (PC/AgNPs) with NaBH4 under mild conditions and in an aqueous medium. The stabilization of silver nanoparticles on the surface of the Preyssler-functionalized cellulose biocomposite with more accessible active sites may be reliable for increased catalytic hydrogenation.
A Review on Anthropogenic Biomass Burning: Emission of Aerosol Pollutants, Impact on Climate Change, Human Health and its Mitigation Strategies
Authors: Satheesh Dhurairaj , Muthulakshmi V. , Jagadesan A. , Venkatesan A. , Suresh K. , Parthipan K. , Rayappan Savarinathan Maria , Senthilkumar Gopal , Sudhahar S.
Published: February 2024

Biomass burning is a complex process, encircling chemical and physical responses covering, transmission of mass and warmth. A large number of investigations were accumulated on the significant emissions from various kinds of anthropogenic biomass burning in the recent decade. In India, an increasing trend of biomass burning is an important cause to release a large volume of reactive gases with other impurities and intensify the level of invisible particles into the troposphere, which affects humans health and leads to the probable alteration of the weather and global climate. The present review looks at the interpretations for a diverse investigation of distinct body and monitoring interventions, pertinent to our country, relating to the significance of particulate matter emissions, sources of aerosols and their health implications. This study also discusses numerous persuaded investigations, conducted on the impact of aerosol, attributed to climate change and also points out precise matters such as spatio-temporal variability of fire occurrences detected in India. Furthermore, the present study reveals that substantial quantities of data, along with a variety of enhanced simulation models and investigational validations, are essential for the development of efficient mitigation strategies with the objective of protecting the environment of the Indian Peninsula.
Synthesis and Characterization of CuO/SnO2 Nanocomposite for Catalytic Reduction of p-Nitrophenol
Authors: Lekshmi S. , Anjima P.V. , Anagha K.V. , Dhanasree K. , Abraham A.
Published: February 2024

A simple room temperature synthesis of CuO nanostructures was developed over SnO2 for the catalytic reduction of p-nitrophenol. The prepared nanocomposite shows remarkable efficiency in reducing p-nitrophenol displaying an apparent rate constant of 0.3026 and 1.4763 min-1, which was approximately 1.3 and 7.3 times higher than that achieved by the CuO and SnO2 counterparts, respectively. This study paves the way for exploring the potential of metal oxide composite materials as highly effective catalysts for p-nitrophenol reduction.
Graft Copolymerization of Acrylonitrile onto Banana Cellulose Fiber
Authors: Kusumadevi S. , Nanjundaswamy N. , Shivakumara L.R. , Seshan T.N. , Demappa T.
Published: February 2024

The graft co-polymerization of acrylonitrile monomer (AN) onto banana cellulose fiber (BCF) was carried out using ceric ammonium nitrate (CAN)/oxalic acid (OA) as redox pair in the aqueous nitric acid medium at 90 ºC. The effect of different reaction conditions on the grafting has been studied by determining the grafting parameters, i.e. concentration of acrylonitrile, ceric ammonium nitrate, oxalic acid, nitric acid, reaction time and temperature were carefully optimized to achieve the highest rate of grafting polymerization (RG), highest percent grafting yield (%GY) and grafting efficiency (%GE). All the reagents enhanced the RG%, GY% and %GE, with an increase of concentration up to a certain extent and then found to decline, except for the concentration of nitric acid. The grafting parameters were also increased with time/duration and temperature. The water retention value (WRV) of the grafted co-polymer was also measured. Activation parameters such as energy of activation (Ea), enthalpy change (ΔH), entropy change (ΔS) and free energy change (ΔG) can also be reported by using the Arrhenius plot. The evidence of grafting can also be predicted by the FTIR spectral analysis, moreover, the organic reaction mechanism has been proposed.
Synthesis, Characterization, Molecular Docking Studies and Biological Evaluation of Thiazole Schiff Base Analogs
Authors: Rahman Muhammad Zoadur , Islam Md. Din , Haque Md. Aminul , Rahman Mohammad Mostafizur , Hossain Emdad , Sutradhar Ranajit Kumar
Published: February 2024

In this work, potentially safe few Schiff base compounds containing a thiazole moiety were synthesized and characterized. Three thiazole derivatives (2a-c) were successfully synthesized through a two-step reaction involving substituted benzaldehyde, thiosemicarbazide and 1,3-dichloroacetone. The elucidation of the synthesized compounds was accomplished by using spectral studies. Antimicrobial activities demonstrated that some compounds exhibited moderate effectiveness against microbes, compared to the standard antibiotic’s ceftriaxone and amphotericin B, using the disc diffusion technique. In the DPPH free radical scavenging assay, all compounds displayed promising antioxidant effectiveness. Moreover, the molecular docking studies showed that thiazole Schiff base analogs effectively bind to potential receptor binding sites.
Synthesis of Novel ZrO2/g-C3N4/CuFe2O4 Nanocomposite and Its Efficient Photocatalytic Degradation of Amoxicillin, Chlorpyrifos and Methylene Blue
Authors: Vijayalakshmi Pandurangan , Shanmugavelan Poovan , Mareeswaran Paulpandian Muthu , Kandasamy Kiruthiga
Published: February 2024

A novel ZrO2/g-C3N4/CuFe2O4 nanocomposite was synthesized by wet impregnation method and its photocatalytic degradation efficacy is studied on the organic pollutants viz. antibiotic drug (amoxicillin), pesticide (chlorpyrifos) and dye (methylene blue) under both dark and visible light conditions in liquid medium. The synthesized nanocomposite and its photocatalytic degradation studies were well characterized using XRD, TEM, EDS, XPS, UV-Vis DRS, PL, BET and EIS analytical techniques. Among three organic pollutants, the photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue pollutant is higher (99.5%, k = 0.0533 min-1) than that of chlorpyrifos (97.3% k = 0.0367 min-1) and amoxicillin (64.6%, k = 0.0109 min-1) under visible light exposure for 90 min using ZrO2/g-C3N4/CuFe2O4 nanocomposite as a photocatalyst. The nanocomposite showed excellent degradation efficiency under the irradiation of visible light while the degradation under dark condition is highly limited. As a control experiment the individual g-C3N4, ZrO2 and CuFe2O4 components of the nanocomposite under the same conditions possess limited degradation efficiency than that of ZrO2/g-C3N4/CuFe2O4 nanocomposite. A possible photo-degradation mechanism is also proposed. Efficient treatment of wastewater could be possible with this novel nanocomposite ZrO2/g-C3N4/CuFe2O4 due to its high stability and reusability.
OPTIMIZATION OF THE EXTRACTION PROCESS OF HORSE CHESTNUT (AESCULUS HIPPOCASTANUM L.) POLYSACCHARIDES
Authors: Filatova Albina Vasilievna , Turaev Abbaskhan Sabirkhanovich , Jurabaev Jalol Turgunbaevich , Азимова Луиза Бахтияровна
Published: February 2024

The results of the development of optimal parameters for the extraction process of polysaccharides isolated from the shells of horse chestnut fruits collected on the territory of Tashkent and the Tashkent region of the Republic of Uzbekistan are presented. To identify the optimal indicators affecting the extraction processes, the influence of the following parameters on the yield of polysaccharides was studied: the ratio of raw materials: extractant, the extraction rate, the extraction temperature, the degree of evaporation. It has been established that at ratios of raw materials : extractant of 1 : 30, the highest yield of the final product is observed leads to a significant increase in the yield of the final product. The influence of the temperature regime on the yield of polysaccharides was carried out in the temperature range from 25 to 120 °С. At the same time, under constant conditions of the bath modulus of 1 : 30 and the duration of extraction of 2 hours with varying temperature, the highest yield of polysaccharides is observed at a temperature of 95 °С. The optimal degree of evaporation of the extract, in which no large losses of the final product are observed, is the degree of evaporation by 4 times. To assess the influence of technological parameters on the change in qualitative or quantitative indicators of the quality of PS, a one-way analysis of variance was studied for each experiment. Analysis of variance showed the significance of the Fisher criterion, since the p-value is less than 0.05, therefore, the influence of the studied parameters on the yield of polysaccharides can be considered proven. Keywords: extraction, aqueous fraction, extractant, analysis of variance.
Semiotics of Absence in the Saudi Novel
Authors: boulbaba thabet
Published: March 2024

The study attempts to reveal the meaning of absence and appearance in the narrative text when the reader sees a word used by the writer in a particular scene that excites them and then it reappears later in other situations that make the reader remember the word to achieve a certain artistic value.
Efficiency and economic viability of water management in the production of table tomatoes
Authors: Vieira Carlos Luiz , Ponce Franciely da Silva , Campos Renê Arnoux da Silva , Queiroz Tadeu Miranda de , Dallacort Rivanildo , Seabra Júnior Santino
Published: March 2024

Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) cultivation can be expensive, with costs exceeding BRL 100,000 per hectare, which drives the search for tactics that reduce costs. Consequently, strategies have been developed to make it viable in tropical regions and areas with water scarcity. The objective was to evaluate the cost and profitability of water management in table tomato cultivation under different irrigation schedules. This study was carried out using the Fascínio tomato hybrid and four irrigation management approaches (no cutting, 100, 105, and 110 days after sowing, DAS). Harvesting was conducted four times, and the averages were summed toCOE estimate the total and commercial production, as well as the losses, for each irrigation schedule. To calculate the cost, both the effective and total operational costs were considered, referring to the establishment of the crop and to each irrigation cut used. Several economic indicators were calculated, including gross income ($), operating profit ($), profitability index (%), gross margin ($), break-even point (kg), and price break-even point ($/kg). The cost of water for irrigation had little impact on Effective Operating Cost (EOC) and Total Operating Cost (TOC); however, the treatment without cutting irrigation provided greater total and commercial production, which reflected the profitability parameters (OP, PI, GM, break-even point, and price break-even point). The treatment without cutting irrigation was 0.13%, 0.19%, and 0.024% more profitable than the treatments with irrigation cuts at 110, 105, and 100 DAS, respectively. This increase in profitability was justified due to the higher productivity, justifying the maintenance of irrigation in tomato cultivation. The treatment without cutting irrigation provided the highest total and commercial productivity of tomato fruits, with 8099.58 and 7927.36 units, respectively, generating a higher gross revenue of $32,398.32.
EPISTEMOLOGIA DA CIÊNCIA DE THOMAS KUHN E A EDUCAÇÃO FÍSICA NO BRASIL
Authors: Barai Alexandre , Vizconde Veraszto Estéfano
Published: February 2024

Este estudo de revisão de literatura correlacionou a Educação Física Brasileira (EFB) e a teoria de Thomas Kuhn, buscando aproximações e possíveis caracterizações do pensar epistemológico kuhniano associado a EFB. Foi realizado buscas em diversas bases de dados educacionais. Foram encontrados apenas 8 artigos, destes, apenas 4 apresentaram o desenvolvimento das ideias de Kuhn associadas a EFB. A falta de uma unidade epistemológica da EFB pode ser um dos fatores que justifiquem a restrita literatura. No entanto, a EFB ao estar totalmente entrelaçada ao desenvolvimento das ciências biológicas pôde ser correlacionada sob diversos aspectos a teoria kuhniana. Embora os autores reconheçam a importância das ciências da natureza na história e consolidação da EFB. Eles apontaram a necessidade de fomentar estudos entre as ciências humanas e a EFB para que assim, possamos aproximar diferentes saberes e construir interligações que propiciem um desenvolvimento mais integrado da EFB.
PROFESSOR, ESPECIALISTA OU GENERALISTA
Authors: Almeida Serpa Ivana , Da Silva Santaiana Rochele
Published: February 2024

O presente estudo analisou a formação de pedagogos da Universidade Estadual do Rio Grande do Sul inseridos num processo histórico de políticas que regulamentam o currículo do referido curso no Ensino Superior. Metodologicamente foi realizada uma pesquisa documental, cujos materiais que compuseram o corpus empírico analítico forma as matrizes curriculares do referido curso e Universidade dos anos de, 2008 e 2014. Autores como Carvalho (2011), Veiga-Neto (2005), Dantas (2015), Portella (2019), Anflor (2019), Martins (2009), entre outros balizaram a discussão. As questões emergenciadas pela pesquisa levam a constituição de um pedagogo generalista que foi (re)inventado pelas regulamentações, normativas legais, que constituíram um alargamento mais generalizado dessa formação. Foi possível, após análises dos documentos evidenciar que o Pedagogo generalista está em permanente reinvenção de forma a atender às demandas contextualizadas histórica, social e economicamente.
GINÁSTICA BRINCANTE
Authors: Vesfal Dutra Eduarda , Bremer Boaventura Patrícia Luiza , Ramires Costa Andrize
Published: February 2024

Neste ensaio teórico-filosófico, refletimos uma ginástica com sentidos e significados para a vida da criança pequena. Apresentamos a partir de conhecimentos oriundos de projetos de pesquisa e extensão perspectivas de uma “Ginástica Brincante”, que considera a criança como centro do processo, ressaltando a necessidade da liberdade corporal para brincar e se-movimentar como linguagem imanente ao seu mundo. Notamos que o modo como a ginástica vem sendo desenvolvida com as crianças pequenas, remete majoritariamente a um ensino técnico e rígido, não contemplando seu mundo vivido. E, portanto, desenvolver uma Ginástica Brincante com as crianças pequenas, é uma maneira significativa de resgatar e valorizar o protagonismo infantil, sua subjetividade e seu livre brincar e se-movimentar.
SABERES RELATIVOS ÀS LUTAS/ARTES MARCIAIS NOS DOCUMENTOS CURRICULARES OFICIAIS DA EDUCAÇÃO FÍSICA
Authors: Sousa Pereira Álex , Pinto Gonçalves dos Reis Fábio , Tüxen Carneiro Kleber
Published: February 2024

Trata-se de um ensaio teórico-científico pelo qual se lucubrou a respeito do preterimento dos saberes concernentes às lutas/artes marciais no espaço escolar. Ao percorrer a constituição histórico-epistemológica da subárea Educação Física, nota-se um conjunto de fatores sócio-históricos concorrendo ou conflitando para sua organização curricular disciplinar, incluindo tensões e disputas entre os conhecimentos que prevalecerão em seu plano de ensino, devido a variáveis as quais cooperam ou concorrem para esse acontecimento. Para adensar as conjecturas se fez o cotejamento (assistemático) dos conteúdos relacionados às lutas/artes marciais em vinte (20) propostas curriculares estaduais, de maneira a auferir sua presença e traçar tendências epistemológicas inscritas nos documentos. O quadro constatado, em linhas gerais, revelou ausências, (in)consistências e lacunas no tocante à organização e sistematização para o ensino do mote, malgrado muitas propostas dialoguem com produção científica mais recente. Espera-se, com efeito, cujas elucubrações suscitadas se somem a outras e possa (de algum modo) conferir notoriedade para sua presença na formação escolar.
Análises de laudos de insumos vegetais comercializados para farmácias magistrais
Authors: Gonçalves de Souza Ravyni Stefan , dos Passos Marcia Mari Barros , De Oliveira Danilo Ribeiro , Monteiro Mariana Sato de S B
Published: February 2024

O uso de Insumos Farmacêuticos de Origem Vegetal (IFAV), no setor magistral, vem crescendo, pois os consumidores buscam maior variedade e qualidade nos medicamentos fitoterápicos. A fim de obter estas características nos medicamentos manipulados, é necessário avaliar as informações presentes nos certificados de análises dos fabricantes/fornecedores dos IFAVs, uma vez que, a falta de informação dificulta os ensaios de controle de qualidade realizado na farmácia magistral. Com o objetivo de propor melhorias nas informações fornecidas nos certificados de análises dos IFAVs, este trabalho realizou um estudo descritivo retrospectivo, com vinte certificados de análises dos IFAV mais adquiridas por uma farmácia de manipulação, localizada no município do Rio de Janeiro. Os certificados foram comparados com os requisitos de qualidade determinados pela Resolução da Diretoria Colegiada – RDC n° 14/2013 e pela RDC n° 67/2007. Verificou-se uma grande variação das informações nos laudos, além da falta de padronização da nomenclatura botânica, ausência de uma descrição precisa das características organolépticas, líquidos extratores, métodos de identificação do ativo e solubilidade. Cerca de 70% dos certificados utilizaram como referência a metodologia do fabricante. Deste modo, é necessária uma padronização entre as normas requeridas pela Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária (ANVISA) e as utilizadas pelos fabricantes/fornecedores, pois, isso garante que a farmácia de manipulação realize, com reprodutibilidade, os testes de controle de qualidade dos IFAVs, contribuindo para a produção de um medicamento seguro.
‘Dancing the fine line’: developing critical agency with transgressive social pedagogy?
Authors: Nielsen Morten Kromann , Tybjerg Gry Marie
Published: March 2024

We explore bell hooks’s perspectives on transgressive learning and discuss the potential for a social pedagogical practice by changing its scope and material context through the concept of the common third. We apply hooks’s points on student–educator mutuality and the necessity of dynamically repositioning educator–student relationships. We explore how research findings from different educational contexts can relate to the tension between an individual qualification on society’s terms and the development of critical agency. We begin with recent research on youth experiences of transitioning through the Danish lower to upper secondary school system, and unfold analytical findings from the research on pedagogical practices in a youth empowerment programme situated within the American food justice movement. Similarities and differences between the radically different contexts are put into perspective by applying hooks’s understanding of transgressive learning, as well as scholarly discussions of pitfalls in the performance of emancipatory education as dialogic and classroom-based. Transgressive potentials depend on the dynamic organisation of a pedagogical framework around a common third with material, embodied and social dimensions. We suggest a conceptualisation of a transgressive social pedagogy that gradually develops critical agency. The common-third activity enables a kind of mutuality that transforms educators’ power positions and opens new ways for youths to develop their agency. We wish to contribute to a rethinking of the common third as a social pedagogical core concept of relevance for Denmark’s education system.
Hidden in Plain Sight: Fascism in Quebec during the Second World War
Authors: Delisle Esther
Published: March 2024

My doctoral dissertation on anti-Semitism and extreme right-wing nationalism in 1929–39 Quebec proved to be a thread that, once pulled, would reveal other aspects of Quebec history that had also been hidden in plain sight. The writing of the most prominent nationalists of the 1930s was available in most university libraries in Quebec. While some politicians acknowledged in their memoirs the influence of these intellectuals in their youth, the appeal of fascism and anti-Semitism was never mentioned. Their resounding silence was quickly shattered by reading the Université de Montréal (University of Montreal)’s Le Quartier Latin student newspaper, where articles praising fascism and denouncing the Jewish influence were common, and a little book that claimed that Pierre Elliott Trudeau had been a member of a revolutionary organisation that aimed at toppling the provincial government to establish an independent Quebec freed from democracy. Researching the French Nazi collaborators warmly received in Quebec after the Second World War led to a little-known man who became the personal ambassador to the Vatican of the premier of Quebec, Maurice Duplessis, during the Asbestos Strike of 1949. Combing through the files of some of the leading actors of that conflict in the Jesuits’ archives would reveal that the miners’ health threatened by asbestosis was a significant issue that the historiography of the event had neglected.
Sobre todas as flores
Authors: Justino Giovanna Brunna da Silva , Salim Natália Rejane , Silveira Regiane Teixeira , Souza-Silva Josevan de
Published: February 2024

Trata-se de um estudo qualitativo que teve como objetivo implementar ações de educação em saúde voltadas para a sexualidade da mulher no climatério/menopausa na Estratégia Saúde da Família, assim como buscar a sensibilização de profissionais de saúde para a temática. Foi realizado um grupo com mulheres no climatério/menopausa, guiado por meio da perspectiva da Educação Popular em Saúde, além de um matriciamento com a equipe de enfermagem. Utilizou-se a análise temática para interpretar os dados produzidos. Evidenciou-se a invisibilidade dessa temática do campo da saúde das mulheres nas políticas públicas e nos serviços de saúde, ressaltando a necessidade da criação de espaços de escuta, acolhimento e troca de vivências das diversas transformações desse período, na Atenção Primária à Saúde, visando a garantia dos direitos sexuais e reprodutivos e o atendimento integral à saúde das mulheres no climatério e na menopausa.