bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Determination of the obesity prevalence and its associated factors among community in Selangor, Malaysia: an ordinal logistic regression approach
Authors: Nordin Noraznie , Zahid Zalina , Ismail Zaliha , Munira Yassin Siti , Mohd Nawawi Hapizah , Sheikh Hussin Siti Aida
Published: May 2020

Obesity is becoming an epidemic globally as it has been closely linked with a wide variety of chronic diseases. The identification of associated factors for obesity occurrences is still the main interest of many researchers. However, there has been extensive disagreement among researchers over possible factors associated with obesity which commonly involve the demographic factors, socioeconomic status (SES) and environmental factors. Biomarkers are also considered as important possible factors linked with the prevalence of obesity but investigations looking into their associations are still lacking. Therefore, it is important to examine factors that are associated with obesity using biomarkers and common factors to get detailed perspectives on obesity prevalence. The objectives of this study are to determine the prevalence of obesity and to examine the association between the common factors and biomarkers with obesity among community in Selangor, Malaysia. The results showed that the prevalence of obesity among participants was 49% (N=498) and Ordinal regression model with Cauchit built-in link function was the best fitted model to predict obesity. Meanwhile, three types of common factors (i.e. older age, being female and Malay ethnic) and one type of biomarker (i.e. high glucose level) were found to be significantly associated with obesity.
Modified FCS-MPC algorithm for five-leg voltage source inverter
Authors: Omar Riyadh Ghanem
Published: May 2020

This paper represents a test of a modified algorithm to minimize the cost function in the traditional finite control-set model predictive current control (FCS-MPC) to control the (five-leg) DC voltage input inverter. A Matlab/Simulink description of a system presents a certain deviation limits between the reference and the actual measured phase currents, also the model implements a load current limitation. The algorithm picks out a proper switching state, which makes the lower error value between the wanted and the prognosticated currents; the proposed technique sets the chosen switching state as a driving signal to the ten switches. The modified program eliminates the switching combination with error values above the requested ones. Thereafter the system response enhanced by lowering the overshoots. The rigidness of the model is examined by using a step change in reference signals.
Evaluating kinetic light-shelves in south-facing orientation and their impacts on daylighting performance in tropics
Authors: Bahdad Ali A. S. , Syed Fadzil S F , Taib N
Published: May 2020

This study aims to evaluate the natural illumination levels obtained using Light-Shelves Techniques (LST) under real tropical conditions in Malaysia. Two parameters of manually controllable of LST design have been examined; Location (L) and Position (P) which were placed on the south-façade window. A scaled-model experiment was applied to determine the illumination levels achieved by LST under real sky conditions. Computer simulation results using Radiance engine were used to validate the scaled-model method used indicators Daylight Ratio (DR%), and it observed to be in great concurrence with physical scaled-model data obtained under tropic sky which is mostly an intermediate sky. The maximum average level percentage of DR% differences between scaled-model and simulation was 1.8% (≤10%). The results showed the performance of the LST can be improved by controlling the location and position. The most optimal LST for south-facing orientation was found in different times at locations in the external L1 and L2 at P1 give the best illuminance near the window and the back. The best improvement in daylighting at deep office area (SP3) were 4.2% at 9:00h on Jan, 4.7% and 7.3% at 12:00h, and by 27% and 2.1% at 15:00h on Jan and March respectively.
Las injusticias informativas como injusticias epistémicas
Authors: Morán Ariel
Published: May 2020

En este trabajo se define lo que es una injusticia informativa, a la luz de las investigaciones sobre injusticias epistémicas, específicamente en dos de sus modalidades: las injusticias testimoniales y las injusticias hermenéuticas. Además de esto, se tratan algunas de las implicaciones fundamentales que surgen para el trabajo de archivistas y biblbiotecarios.
Dysregulation of FOXO1 (Forkhead Box O1 Protein) Drives Calcification in Arterial Calcification due to Deficiency of CD73 and Is Present in Peripheral Artery Disease
Authors: Moorhead William J. , Chu Claire C. , Cuevas Rolando A. , Callahan Jack , Wong Ryan , Regan Cailyn , Boufford Camille K. , Sur Swastika , Liu Mingjun , Gomez Delphine , MacTaggart Jason N. , Kamenskiy Alexey , Boehm Manfred , St. Hilaire Cynthia
Published: May 2020

Objective:

The recessive disease arterial calcification due to deficiency of CD73 (ACDC) presents with extensive nonatherosclerotic medial layer calcification in lower extremity arteries. Lack of CD73 induces a concomitant increase in TNAP (tissue nonspecific alkaline phosphatase;
ALPL
), a key enzyme in ectopic mineralization. Our aim was to investigate how loss of CD73 activity leads to increased
ALPL
expression and calcification in CD73-deficient patients and assess whether this mechanism may apply to peripheral artery disease calcification.

Approach and Results:

We previously developed a patient-specific disease model using ACDC primary dermal fibroblasts that recapitulates the calcification phenotype in vitro. We found that lack of CD73-mediated adenosine signaling reduced cAMP production and resulted in increased activation of AKT. The AKT/mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin) axis blocks autophagy and inducing autophagy prevented calcification; however, we did not observe autophagy defects in ACDC cells. In silico analysis identified a putative FOXO1 (forkhead box O1 protein) binding site in the human
ALPL
promoter. Exogenous AMP induced FOXO1 nuclear localization in ACDC but not in control cells, and this was prevented with a cAMP analogue or activation of A2a/2b adenosine receptors. Inhibiting FOXO1 reduced
ALPL
expression and TNAP activity and prevented calcification. Mutating the FOXO1 binding site reduced
ALPL
promoter activation. Importantly, we provide evidence that non-ACDC calcified femoropopliteal arteries exhibit decreased CD73 and increased FOXO1 levels compared with control arteries.

Conclusions:

These data show that lack of CD73-mediated cAMP signaling promotes expression of the human
ALPL
gene via a FOXO1-dependent mechanism. Decreased CD73 and increased FOXO1 was also observed in more common peripheral artery disease calcification.
Prognostic Implications of Early and Midrange Readmissions After Acute Heart Failure Hospitalizations: A Report From a Japanese Multicenter Registry
Authors: Kitakata Hiroki , Kohno Takashi , Kohsaka Shun , Shiraishi Yasuyuki , Parizo Justin T. , Niimi Nozomi , Goda Ayumi , Nishihata Yosuke , Heidenreich Paul A. , Yoshikawa Tsutomu
Published: May 2020

Background

Although 30‐day readmission is thought to be an important quality indicator in patients with hospitalized heart failure, its prognostic impact and comparison of patients who were readmitted beyond 30 days has not been investigated. We assessed early (0–30 days) versus midrange (31–90 days) readmission in terms of incidence and distribution, and elucidated whether the timing of readmission could have a different prognostic significance.

Methods and Results

We examined patients with hospitalized heart failure registered in the
WET
‐
HF
(West Tokyo Heart Failure) registry. The primary outcomes analyzed were all‐cause death and
HF
readmission. Data of 3592 consecutive patients with hospitalized heart failure (median follow‐up, 2.0 years [interquartile range, 0.8–3.1 years]; 39.6% women, mean age 73.9±13.3 years) were analyzed. Within 90 days after discharge,
HF
readmissions occurred in 11.1% patients. Of them, patients readmitted within 30 and 31 to 90 days after discharge accounted for 43.1% and 56.9%, respectively. Independent predictors of 30‐ and 90‐day readmission were almost identical, and after adjustment, readmission for
HF
within 90 days (including both early and midrange readmission) was an independent predictor of subsequent all‐cause death (hazard ratio, 2.36;
P
<0.001). Among 90‐day readmitted patients, the time interval from discharge to readmission was not significantly associated with subsequent all‐cause death.

Conclusions

Among patients readmitted within 90 days after index hospitalization discharge, ≈60% of readmission events occurred beyond 30 days. Patients readmitted within 90 days had a higher risk of long‐term mortality, regardless of the temporal proximity of readmission to the index hospitalization.
Processing Speech and Thoughts during Silent Reading: Direct Reference Effects for Speech by Fictional Characters in Voice-Selective Auditory Cortex and a Theory-of-Mind Network
Authors: Alderson-Day Ben , Moffatt Jamie , Bernini Marco , Mitrenga Kaja , Yao Bo , Fernyhough Charles
Published: May 2020

Stories transport readers into vivid imaginative worlds, but understanding how readers create such worlds—populating them with characters, objects, and events—presents serious challenges across disciplines. Auditory imagery is thought to play a prominent role in this process, especially when representing characters' voices. Previous research has shown that direct reference to speech in stories (e.g., He said, “I'm over here”) may prompt spontaneous activation of voice-selective auditory cortex more than indirect speech [Yao, B., Belin, P., & Scheepers, C. Silent reading of direct versus indirect speech activates voice-selective areas in the auditory cortex. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 23, 3146–3152, 2011]. However, it is unclear whether this effect reflects differential processing of speech or differences in linguistic content, source memory, or grammar. One way to test this is to compare direct reference effects for characters speaking and thinking in a story. Here, we present a multidisciplinary fMRI study of 21 readers' responses to characters' speech and thoughts during silent reading of short fictional stories. Activations relating to direct and indirect references were compared for both speaking and thinking. Eye-tracking and independent localizer tasks (auditory cortex and theory of mind [ToM]) established ROIs in which responses to stories could be tracked for individuals. Evidence of elevated auditory cortex responses to direct speech over indirect speech was observed, replicating previously reported effects; no reference effect was observed for thoughts. Moreover, a direct reference effect specific to speech was also evident in regions previously associated with inferring intentions from communication. Implications are discussed for the spontaneous representation of fictional characters and the potential roles of inner speech and ToM in this process.
Reward-Sensitive Basal Ganglia Stabilize the Maintenance of Goal-Relevant Neural Patterns in Adolescents
Authors: Hubbard Nicholas A. , Romeo Rachel R. , Grotzinger Hannah , Giebler Melissa , Imhof Andrea , Bauer Clemens C. C. , Gabrieli John D. E.
Published: May 2020

Maturation of basal ganglia (BG) and frontoparietal circuitry parallels developmental gains in working memory (WM). Neurobiological models posit that adult WM performance is enhanced by communication between reward-sensitive BG and frontoparietal regions, via increased stability in the maintenance of goal-relevant neural patterns. It is not known whether this reward-driven pattern stability mechanism may have a role in WM development. In 34 young adolescents (12.16–14.72 years old) undergoing fMRI, reward-sensitive BG regions were localized using an incentive processing task. WM-sensitive regions were localized using a delayed-response WM task. Functional connectivity analyses were used to examine the stability of goal-relevant functional connectivity patterns during WM delay periods between and within reward-sensitive BG and WM-sensitive frontoparietal regions. Analyses revealed that more stable goal-relevant connectivity patterns between reward-sensitive BG and WM-sensitive frontoparietal regions were associated with both greater adolescent age and WM ability. Computational lesion models also revealed that functional connections to WM-sensitive frontoparietal regions from reward-sensitive BG uniquely increased the stability of goal-relevant functional connectivity patterns within frontoparietal regions. Findings suggested (1) the extent to which goal-relevant communication patterns within reward-frontoparietal circuitry are maintained increases with adolescent development and WM ability and (2) communication from reward-sensitive BG to frontoparietal regions enhances the maintenance of goal-relevant neural patterns in adolescents' WM. The maturation of reward-driven stability of goal-relevant neural patterns may provide a putative mechanism for understanding the developmental enhancement of WM.
Mixing Body and Soul: Galen on the Substance of Soul in QAM and De Propriis Placitis
Authors: Vinkesteijn Robert
Published: May 2020

In a late treatise, That the Capacities of the Soul Follow the Mixtures of the Body (QAM), Galen of Pergamum infamously offered the view that the substance of the soul is identical with a bodily mixture. This thesis has been found radical and extreme in modern scholarship and is generally considered to be at odds with Galen’s ‘agnosticism’ on the substance of soul. In this paper I propose a close reading of QAM that allows us to make sense of it in terms of Galen’s other work, including his late work On My Own Opinions (De Propriis Placitis).
Reader Responses to Religion News: Discussions about Ark Encounter on Reddit
Authors: Sanders W. Scott , Ferré John P.
Published: May 2020

This study compares news reports about Ark Encounter, the young earth creationist theme park that opened in Kentucky in 2016, with contemporaneous posts on three Reddit communities to determine the strength of agenda setting by the news media for public discussions of controversial religious issues. Using topic modeling, this study compared the subjects covered in 139 discrete news articles with 2,926 comments in the subreddits of atheism, Christianity, and politics. The comparison found that many Reddit posts initially responded to news reports about controversies involving economics, politics, and beliefs. But online discussions proceeded to reflect diverse community interests more than the narrower focus of news reports. The atheism subreddit focused on issues of scientific evidence, the Christianity subreddit focused on hermeneutics of belief, and the politics subreddit focused on the separation of church and state. In short, the news media did not seem to exert a strong agenda-setting effect on discussions about Ark Encounter.
Aux origines de la « frankokratia ».
Authors: Grivaud Gilles , Nicolaou-Konnari Angel
Published: May 2020

L’histoire du concept « φραγκοκρατία » s’insère dans un long débat idéologique, qui concerne l’appréhension de l’identité grecque depuis le Moyen Âge et découle de la place accordée à Byzance dans l’historiographie grecque des XIXe et XXe siècles. Confrontés aux Turcs et à l’Occident, les érudits byzantins – puis grecs – définissent l’ethnicité hellénique en s’appuyant sur des critères géographiques, politiques, culturels, linguistiques ou religieux. En une première partie, le phénomène est examiné à travers les productions de lettrés ressortissant tant de l’Empire byzantin que des pays grecs sous domination latine. On y observe l’hétérogénéité des ethnonymes utilisés pour caractériser les envahisseurs (« Francs », « Latins », « Occidentaux », « Vénitiens »), dont le parcours sémantique – sens collectif ou spécifique – acquiert progressivement des connotations péjoratives. Cet héritage lexical complexe se transmettra aux époques ultérieures (à suivre).
Typification of the name Ferulago galbanifera (Apiaceae) and its priority over the name F. campestris

Authors: LYSKOV DMITRY
Published: May 2020

Both names Ferulago campestris (Besser 1822: 44) Grecescu (1898: 252) and F. galbanifera (Miller 1768: no pagination) Koch (1835: 302) are used now simultaneously for one taxon which is widely distributed from southwestern Europe to southwestern Russia. On the one hand, the name F. campestris is used in such sources as Flora of URSS (Schischkin 1951), Flora Europaea (Cannon in Tutin 1968), a monographic study of the genus Ferulago (Bernardi 1979), The Euro Med treatment of Apiaceae (Hand 2011), GBIF database (GIBF 2020), and numerous articles. On the other hand, F. galbanifera is mentioned in Flora of Turkey (Peşmen in Davis 1972), Plantae Vasculares URSS (Czerepanov 1981), Umbelliferae of Russia (Pimenov & Ostroumova 2012), The Plant List (2013 onwards), and numerous articles. This name is also mentioned as the type of Ferulago subgen. Galbanifera Pimenov & Tomkovich in Tomkovich & Pimenov (1987: 968).
Lectotypification of Warszewiczia pulcherrima (Rubiaceae) with notes on Józef Warszewicz’s plant collection preserved at KRA herbarium from his trips to Central and South America

Authors: NOBIS MARCIN , GŁUSZAK TOMASZ , ZEMANEK ALICJA , ZEMANEK BOGDAN
Published: May 2020

Warszewiczia Klotzsch (1853: 497) is a Neotropical genus of the tribe Condamineeae (Rova et al. 2002, Duncan 2007, Bremer & Eriksson 2009, Kainulainen et al. 2010, Delprete 2019), family Rubiaceae. The genus comprises seven well-distinguished species (Pantoja 1994, Tropicos 1995+) distributed in southern Central America and northern South America (Pantoja 1994, Lorence 1999, Kainulainen et al. 2010, Baksh-Comeau et al. 2016).
Sponge-dwelling snapping shrimps of Curaçao, with descriptions of three new species
Authors: HULTGREN KRISTIN M. , MACDONALD III KENNETH S. , DUFFY J. EMMETT
Published: May 2020

Sixteen species of sponge-dwelling snapping shrimp in the genus Synalpheus (gambarelloides group) were collected from sites spanning the south coast of Curaçao, including three new to science. Synalpheus hoetjesi sp. nov. belongs to a species complex that includes Synalpheus pandionis, S. dardeaui, S. yano, S. goodei, S. longicarpus, and S. ul. Synalpheus kuadramanus sp. nov. is a distinctive shrimp characterized by a short, square moveable finger on the major first pereopod and by brilliant turquoise embryos in females. Synalpheus orapilosus sp. nov. is a shrimp most morphologically similar to Synalpheus barahonensis—both species share the distinctive character of a tuft of setae on the distal end of the third maxilliped, instead of a distal circlet of spines—but can be distinguished from the latter by the number of carpal segments on the second pereopod. Although eusocial Synalpheus species (defined here as species that live in large colonies with strong reproductive skew) are often the most numerically abundant Synalpheus collected from sponges at other sites, only pair-bonding Synalpheus species were recorded from our collections in Curaçao.
On the taxonomy of Palaemon javanicus Heller, 1862, and Palaemon sundaicus Heller, 1862, with description of a new species of Macrobrachium Bate, 1868 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Caridea: Palaemonidae) from Southeast Asia
Authors: WOWOR DAISY , NG PETER K. L.
Published: May 2020

Re-examination of the type material of Palaemon javanicus Heller, 1862, shows that the current concept of the species is wrong. This species is in fact a senior subjective synonym of a widespread Southeast Asian species now known as Macrobrachium trompii (De Man, 1898). The species now commonly referred to as “Macrobrachium javanicum” following De Man (1879) from Southeast Asia is in fact, undescribed, and is here named Macrobrachium duri spec. nov. Macrobrachium duri spec. nov. can easily be distinguished from M. javanicum sensu stricto by the presence of a small triangular median process on the fourth thoracic sternite, possessing spinulate third to fifth pereiopods, having both second periopods covered with spines and few scattered short stiff setae, and the eggs been small and numerous. To add to the confusion, Palaemon javanicus Heller, 1862, is also synonymous with P. sundaicus Heller, 1862, and both were described by Heller (1862) in the same paper, making both names simultaneously available. As first revisors, we hereby choose P. sundaicus Heller, 1862, to have priority over P. javanicus Heller, 1862, when the two names are considered to be synonyms. Palaemon sundaicus Heller, 1862, is therefore also the senior synonym of Macrobrachium trompii (De Man, 1898).
Lysmata rauli, a new species of peppermint shrimp, (Decapoda: Hippolytidae) from the southwestern Atlantic
Authors: LAUBENHEIMER HELIO , RHYNE ANDREW L.
Published: May 2020

A new peppermint shrimp species, Lysmata rauli sp. nov., is described based on a specimen collected in shallow subtidal waters off Salvador, Bahia, Brazil. Lysmata rauli sp. nov. was identified from fresh material collected in tide pools. L. rauli sp. nov. appears to be rare in the region with only two specimens collected from Salvador, Brazil. The new species can be readily distinguished from all other species by the absences of a well developed accessory branch, number of carpal segments of the second pereiopod, presence of a well developed pterygostomial tooth and number of teeth on the rostrum, as well as by color pattern.
Nine new species of Enithares (Heteroptera: Notonectidae) from New Guinea, with distributional notes on other species and an updated world checklist
Authors: POLHEMUS DAN A.
Published: May 2020

Nine new species of Enithares are described from New Guinea and immediately adjacent islands: E. peninsularis from the Owen Stanley Mountains of the Papuan Peninsula, E. bosavi and E. papua from southern Papua New Guinea, E. orsaki from northern Papua New Guinea, E. insularis from the D’Entrecasteaux Islands, E. tagula from the Louisiade Archipelago, E. ziwa from the central mountains of western New Guinea, E. arfak from the Arfak Mountains of the eastern Vogelkop Peninsula, and E. kasim from the western Vogelkop Peninsula. Enithares bakeri is newly recorded from New Guinea, and in combination with the new species described above brings the total number of species of Enithares in New Guinea to 16, and the regional total to 19 when including nearby islands of Waigeo, Biak, the D’Entrecasteaux group, and the Louisiade Archipelago. The species concept of E. atra is clarified and geographically restricted to southeastern New Guinea; specimens previously recorded under this name from northern New Guinea are shown to represent the new species E. orsaki. Additional distribution records for 15 previously described Enithares species are provided for many localities in the Malay Archipelago and mainland Southeast Asia, including the first records of E. bakeri from Lombok, Flores, Timor, Halmahera, and Obi; the first record of E. paramegalops from Ambon; the first records of E. gibbera from Kolombangara and Malaita in the Solomon Islands; the first record of E. intricata from Bali; the first records of E. lombokensis from Flores and Sumba; the first records of E. ripleyana from Halmahera, Ternate and Tidore; and the first record of E. ciliata from Borneo. Photomicrographs of key characters and distribution maps are provided for all new species described, accompanied by an updated world checklist for the genus with distributional notes and associated references.
Climatology and Variability of Warm and Cold Fronts over North America from 1979 to 2018
Authors: Lagerquist Ryan , Allen John T. , McGovern Amy
Published: May 2020

This paper describes the development and analysis of an objective climatology of warm and cold fronts over North America from 1979 to 2018. Fronts are detected by a convolutional neural network (CNN), trained to emulate fronts drawn by human meteorologists. Predictors for the CNN are surface and 850-hPa fields of temperature, specific humidity, and vector wind from the ERA5 reanalysis. Gridded probabilities from the CNN are converted to 2D frontal regions, which are used to create the climatology. Overall, warm and cold fronts are most common in the Pacific and Atlantic cyclone tracks and the lee of the Rockies. In contrast with prior research, we find that the activity of warm and cold fronts is significantly modulated by the phase and intensity of El Niño–Southern Oscillation. The influence of El Niño is significant for winter warm fronts, winter cold fronts, and spring cold fronts, with activity decreasing over the continental United States and shifting northward with the Pacific and Atlantic cyclone tracks. Long-term trends are generally not significant, although we find a poleward shift in frontal activity during the winter and spring, consistent with prior research. We also identify a number of regional patterns, such as a significant long-term increase in warm fronts in the eastern tropical Pacific Ocean, which are characterized almost entirely by moisture gradients rather than temperature gradients.
Contribution of Cross-Barrier Moisture Transport to Precipitation in the Upper Indus River Basin
Authors: Baudouin Jean-Philippe , Herzog Michael , Petrie Cameron A.
Published: May 2020

The upper Indus River basin is characterized by biseasonal heavy precipitation falling on the foothills of major mountain ranges (Hindu Kush, Karakorm, Himalayas). Numerical studies have confirmed the importance of topography for the triggering of precipitation and investigated the processes responsible for specific events, but a systematic and cross-seasonal analysis has yet to be conducted. Using ERA5 reanalysis data and statistical methods, we show that more than 80% of the precipitation variability is explained by southerly moisture transport at 850 and 700 hPa, along the Himalayan foothills. We conclude that most of the precipitation is generated by the forced uplift of a cross-barrier flow. This process explains both wet seasons, despite different synoptic conditions, but is more important in winter. The precipitation signal is decomposed into the contribution of each altitude and each variable (wind and moisture), which exhibit different seasonality. The winter wet season is dominated by moisture transport at higher altitude, and is triggered by an increase in wind. By contrast, the summer wet season is explained by an increase in moisture at both altitudes, while wind is of secondary importance. Selected CMIP6 climate models are able to represent the observed links between precipitation and southerly moisture transport, despite important seasonal biases that are due to a misrepresentation of the seasonality in the magnitude of the southerly wind component.
Depressive and anxiety disorders among single mothers in Dhaka
Authors: Nahar Jhunu Shamsun , Algin Sultana , Sajib Mohammad Waliul Hasnat , Ahmed Srijony , Arafat S.M. Yasir
Published: May 2020

Background:

Recent reports revealed that the number of single mothers has been increasing day by day in Dhaka city; however, their psychological problems have not been studied yet.

Aim:

We aimed to see the proportion of single mothers having depressive and anxiety disorders.

Methods:

This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted under the supervision of the Department of Psychiatry, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka from August 2016 to July 2017. A total of 156 single mothers from three social strata, namely, lower-, middle- and upper-class group were included purposively. Data were collected through face-to-face interviews using a semi-structured questionnaire consisting of demography and structured clinical interview for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth edition, axis-I disorders, clinician version (SCID-I-CV) which were analyzed by Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 17.

Results:

This study showed that the mean age of the single mothers was 34.8 ± 8.9 years. The overall 48.8% of single mothers had either depressive and/or anxiety disorders where 17.3% depressive disorder, 21.2% anxiety disorders and 10.3% had a dual diagnosis. Major depressive disorder and generalized anxiety disorder were the most common specific diagnosis.

Conclusion:

This study provided us a sound background knowledge regarding psychiatric disorders among single mothers. This study shows the need for larger research on this issue and early detection would help them to improve the quality of life.
Book review: Shaj Mohan and Divya Dwivedi, Gandhi and Philosophy: On Theoretical Anti-politics
Authors: Nagla B. K.
Published: May 2020

Shaj Mohan and Divya Dwivedi, Gandhi and Philosophy: On Theoretical Anti-politics. New Delhi: Bloomsbury, 2019, ix + 272 pp., ₹799 (hardback). ISBN 978-93-88414-43-2.
The Influence of Caregiving on the Relation Between Marital Status and Psychological Health in a Grandparent Sample
Authors: Provenzano Angela M. , Stearns Melanie A. , Nadorff Danielle K.
Published: May 2020

Grandparent caregivers report poorer psychological and physical health, but relationship status has been shown to influence burden. The current study investigated depressive symptoms of 3288 grandparents who completed the third wave of the National Survey of Families and Households. The study found that those who are unmarried were more likely to be grandparent caregivers, and female participants reported higher depressive symptoms. Marital status and caregiving status were comparable predictors of depression, but marital status did not buffer the effects of caregiving status on depression. Caregiving status accounted for a significant amount of depressive symptom variance for depression, comparable to marital status and gender. There was a significant difference in depressive symptoms of married and unmarried grandparent non-caregivers but with a significantly lower baseline depression rate than grandparent caregivers. Future research should examine whether making social support options available to unmarried grandparent caregivers who lack informal support from a spouse may improve outcomes.
The grounded theory method to study data-enabled activism against corruption: Between global communicative infrastructures and local activists’ experiences of big data
Authors: Mattoni Alice
Published: May 2020

Anti-corruption efforts from the grassroots that make use of digital media to hinder corrupt behaviors are flourishing worldwide. In many cases, these efforts see activists interact with big data along with other types of data. They do this in the framework of broader communicative infrastructure in which activists create, employ, and spread big data to support their struggles. As well, they do so differently, according to a diverse range of activists’ local situations across the world. The article uses examples of anti-corruption efforts in Brazil, India, and Spain to illustrate how the grounded theory method might help researchers to produce knowledge that escapes a universalistic and global vision of datafication detached from activists’ lived and local experiences. The article first briefly outlines what grounded theory is, the main steps in a grounded theory study, and its applications in media and communication studies. It then moves to a broader discussion of two relevant elements of grounded theory – sensitizing concepts and theoretical sampling – in taking into consideration data-enabled activism as an emergent phenomenon that might take many shapes. Then, it considers the emphasis on the situation in which data-enabled activism spreads out through a brief discussion of one relevant development of grounded theory, which is situational analysis, to solve the tension between the global and the local in data-enabled activism.
Continuous-flow total artificial heart port-to-port connection technique using dedicated de-airing sleeve
Authors: Karimov Jamshid H , Gao Shengqiang , Fukamachi Kiyotaka , Grady Patrick
Published: May 2020

Preventing the introduction of air while a mechanical circulatory support device is being implanted is critical for successful outcomes. A substantial amount of air may be introduced into the circulation during the pump-to-outflow and/or pump-to-inflow port connection, which can be detrimental to optimal pump function and long-term survival. We have developed a novel connecting sleeve that enables an airless connection of the continuous-flow total artificial heart to the conduits. Herein, we describe the device design and surgical techniques evaluated in vivo.
Theory borrowing in IT-rich contexts: Lessons from IS strategy research
Authors: Moeini Mohammad , Simeonova Boyka , Galliers Robert D , Wilson Alex
Published: May 2020

While indigenous theorizing in information systems has clear merits, theory borrowing will not, and should not, be eschewed given its appeal and usefulness. In this article, we aim at increasing our understanding of modifying of borrowed theories in IT-rich contexts. We present a framework in which we discuss how two recontextualization approaches of specification and distinction help with increasing the IT-richness of borrowed constructs and relationships. In doing so, we use several illustrative examples from information systems strategy. The framework can be used by researchers as a tool to explore the multitude of ways in which a theory from another discipline can yield the understanding of IT phenomena.
41st Annual North American Meeting of the Society for Medical Decision Making; October 21, 2019; Portland, Oregon Keynote Address The More Who Die, the Less We Care: Confronting the Deadly Arithmetic of Compassion
Authors: Slovic Paul
Published: May 2020

In this keynote address delivered at the 41st Annual North American Meeting of the Society for Medical Decision Making, I discuss the psychology behind valuing human lives. Research confirms what we experience in our daily lives. We are inconsistent and sometimes incoherent in our valuation of human life. We value individual lives greatly, but these lives lose their value when they become part of a larger crisis. As a result, we do too little to protect human lives in the face of catastrophic threats from violence, natural disasters, and other causes. In medicine, this may pose difficult choices when treating individual patients with expensive therapies that keep hope alive but are not cost-effective for the population, for example, with end of life. Lifesaving judgments and decisions are highly context-dependent, subject to many forms of response mode and framing effects and affective biases. This has implications for risk communication and the concept of shared decision making. Slower, more introspective decision making may reduce some of the biases associated with fast, intuitive decisions. But slow thinking can also introduce serious biases. Understanding the strengths and weaknesses of fast and slow thinking is a necessary first step toward valuing lives humanely and improving decisions.
Stabbing facial pain reminiscent of primary stabbing headache
Authors: Ziegeler Christian , Daneshkhah Sima , May Arne
Published: May 2020

Primary stabbing headache (PSH) is a transient and localized headache disorder. Facial variants of this rare pain syndrome have not been previously described. Four patients (n = 2 female, 2 male) presented themselves to our headache and facial pain outpatient clinic. They suffered daily from several dozen to several hundred short-lasting stabbing pain paroxysms primarily in the second and third trigeminal branches (V2 and V3) without lateral predominance. These non-neuralgic pain paroxysms did not strictly follow dermatomes, were not accompanied by trigeminal autonomic features and could not be triggered but occurred exclusively spontaneously. They did not fulfill any existing ICHD-3 criteria but appeared clinically to have similarities to primary stabbing headache syndromes. Indomethacin showed no efficacy. Exclusive facial variants of stabbing pain paroxysms should be classified as separate entities and tentatively be called stabbing facial pain.
Dynamic Contract Time Determination System for Highway Projects
Authors: Abdel-Raheem Mohamed , Torres Cantu Cuauhtemoc , Wang Xiaohui
Published: May 2020

Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT) projects have been experiencing significant delays. Some of these delays can be rooted to the inaccurate estimation of the contract time. This research presents a preliminary framework for the development of a computer-based system designed to determine a realistic contract duration for TxDOT projects. In addition to traditional deterministic scheduling, the system also performs probabilistic scheduling using the program evaluation and review technique. The system also incorporates an interactive database containing a list of various highway construction activities and their productivity rates; the database is used to estimate the durations of project activities. The system was deployed to reschedule some previous TxDOT projects, and the results were statistically compared and analyzed. The results show that this system can significantly improve the estimate of the contract time. This framework lays the foundation for the development of a more advanced contract time determination system based on probabilistic scheduling.
Observational Study of Pedestrian and Cyclist Interactions at Intersections in Vancouver, BC and Montréal, QC
Authors: Hosford Kate , Cloutier Marie-Soleil , Winters Meghan
Published: May 2020

As cycling and walking for transportation continues to become more popular in urban settings, there is increased potential for interactions between different types of road users, including between pedestrians and cyclists. However, because of limited data, we know relatively little about the frequency and nature of pedestrian-cyclist interactions. In this observational study we aimed to quantify the extent of pedestrian crossings that involved an interaction with a cyclist at 10 intersections in Vancouver, British Columbia (BC) and Montréal, Quebec (QC), and identify road user and crossing environment characteristics associated with these interactions. Of the 3,884 pedestrians we observed, 562 (14%) were involved in an interaction with a cyclist. The interaction rate was slightly higher in Montréal (16.5%) than Vancouver (13.4%), but varied considerably across intersections (range from 0.9% to 35.8%). Men were slightly more likely to be involved in an interaction with a cyclist, as well as pedestrians crossing at a slower pace at the beginning of the crossing, and at mid-crossing. Contrary to common thought, distracted pedestrians (either using a cell phone or wearing headphones) were not more likely to be involved in an interaction. When considering the street crossing environment, interactions were more likely at crossings with cycle tracks, stop or yield signs, three-way intersections, crossings that had no pedestrian ground markings, and longer crosswalks. Our study provides insight into interactions between pedestrians and cyclists, a well-known gap in transportation safety, and can help identify which urban design features are needed to ensure safe and comfortable pedestrian crossings.
Return to Play and Career Length After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction Among Canadian Professional Football Players
Authors: Longstaffe Robert , Leiter Jeff , Gurney-Dunlop Tanner , McCormack Robert , MacDonald Peter
Published: May 2020

Background:

For many athletes, a tear of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) represents a significant injury that requires a prolonged period away from the sport with substantial rehabilitation.

Hypothesis:

There will be no difference in return to play (RTP) and career length after hamstring tendon (HT) ACL reconstruction in a group of Canadian Football League professional players as compared with what has been already been reported in the literature among professional football players.

Study Design:

Case-control study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

Data on athletes who sustained an ACL injury were collected by team physicians and head athletic trainers from 2002 to 2017 from 2 Canadian Football League teams. Patient details included age at the time of injury, initial injury date, position, practice versus game injury, and primary versus rerupture with injury-specific data, such as affected limb, concomitant injuries, graft choice, and procedure performed. RTP rates and career length data were collected through publically available internet sources. Comparisons between the non-RTP and RTP groups were made with independent-sample t tests. Binomial logistic regression was performed to determine variables (ie, games preinjury, graft type, meniscal injury, collateral ligament injury) that contributed to players not being able to RTP.

Results:

A total of 44 ACL reconstructions were performed over the study period (HT, n = 32 [72.7%]; bone–patellar tendon–bone [BPTB], n = 8 [18.2%]; allograft, n = 4 [9.1%]). Overall, 69.8% (n = 30) were able to RTP in at least 1 game, while 30.2% (n = 13) did not return. Mean time to return was 316.1 days (range, 220-427 days), or 10.4 months. For those players who did RTP, mean career length after ACL reconstruction was 2.8 seasons, or 34.4 games. The majority (56.8%) of injuries occurred early in the season. Breakdown by graft type demonstrated RTP rates among HT, BPTB, and allograft of 64.5% (n = 20), 87.5% (n = 7), and 75% (n = 3), respectively. Career length among HT, BPTB, and allograft was 2.9, 2.4, and 3 seasons. Logistic regression analysis found only concomitant medial collateral ligament (MCL) injuries to be a negative predictor for RTP. Meniscal injuries were associated with a decreased RTP rate and career length, but this was not statistically significant.

Conclusion:

The RTP rates after ACL reconstruction in this study are similar to those reported in National Football League players. A concomitant injury to the MCL injury was a negative predictor of RTP. Meniscal injuries demonstrated a trend for decreased RTP rate and career length, but this was not a significant predictor. A large portion of injuries occur early in the season, and further study should be done to examine potential preventative strategies to reduce ACL injuries.
“We serve too!”: Everyday militarism of children of US service members
Authors: Frain Sylvia C , Frain Betty
Published: May 2020

There are 2 million United States military–attached children worldwide; however, the US government does not track the data of those who commit suicide. Military children’s daily lives are affected by the everyday and slow violence of constantly preparing for war. This article conducts a critical content analysis of family resiliency resources and children’s books to highlight the ongoing need for structural change. We conclude with recommendations on how to best address the specific needs of military-attached children.
On the mechanical and morphological properties of highly performant composite laminates based on epoxy resin and oxidized ultrahigh-molecular-weight polyethylene fibers
Authors: Belgacemi Raouf , Derradji Mehdi , Mouloud Abdelrazak , Trache Djalal , Zegaoui Abdeldjalil , Belmehdi Djamel , Bouloussekh Yasser , Mehelli Oussama , Tarchoun Ahmed Fouzi
Published: May 2020

In this study, new high-performance composite laminates were prepared from epoxy resin and surface modified ultrahigh-molecular-weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) fibers. The UHMWPE fibers underwent two types of chemical modifications, namely through chromic acid and potassium permanganate oxidations. The adopted chemical procedure aimed the grafting of polar groups on the outer surface of fibers for an improved chemical and physical compatibility with the polymeric matrix. The efficiency of the grafting methodology was confirmed by vibrational, thermal, and morphological analyses, and the grafting mechanism was thoroughly discussed. Furthermore, composite laminates were prepared to study the effects of chemical treatments on the mechanical and morphological properties of the resulting composites. The grafting techniques allowed consequent improvements in the tensile and bending properties, up to 34% and 23% for the tensile and flexural strengths, respectively. The study of the fractured surfaces confirmed the exceptional compatibility between the fillers and the polymeric matrix and further corroborated the mechanical findings. Finally, the adopted modification techniques can be regarded as cost-effective and highly suitable for the manufacturing of structural composites for advanced applications.
Carbon-reduction potential of electrification on China's railway transport: An analysis of three possible future scenarios
Authors: Xu Xueyi , Kent Stephen , Schmid Felix
Published: May 2020

China's national strategy identifies railway electrification as one of the principal means of reducing carbon emissions and optimising the energy structure of transportation in the country. Here, the authors investigate the carbon-reduction potential of rail electrification in China and present a model to estimate the CO2 emissions under three possible future scenarios. These scenarios differ in their contribution to railway transport in China's transportation market. The authors also consider the effect of potential improvements in the country's electricity generation mix. The results demonstrate that railway electrification using the current energy generation mix can reduce carbon emissions by 8.9%. However, using a generation mix similar to that of the UK can help achieve a maximum reduction of carbon emissions of 65.4%.
The effect of two types of minimal acupuncture on stooling, sleeping and feeding in infants with colic: secondary analysis of a multicentre RCT in Sweden (ACU-COL)
Authors: Landgren Kajsa , Hallström Inger , Tiberg Iren
Published: May 2020

Background

Evidence for the effect of minimal acupuncture in infants with colic is limited.

Aim

To compare the effect of standardized minimal acupuncture, individualized acupuncture (where traditional acupuncture points were chosen according to the infant’s symptoms) and no acupuncture on objective measures of stooling, feeding and sleeping in infants with colic (based on diaries) and perceived changes in these parameters (based on parental questionnaires).

Methods

This was a secondary analysis of a multicentre randomized controlled three-armed trial conducted in four counties in Sweden between January 2013 and May 2015 (ACU-COL). The effect on crying has already been published and showed a decrease in crying time for the acupuncture groups. Infants, 2–8 weeks old, who cried and fussed for more than 3 h/day for more than 3 days/week, and thereby fulfilled the criteria for infantile colic, received four extra visits to their ordinary child health centre. The infants (n = 147) were randomly allocated via a computer-generated list to standardized minimal acupuncture at LI4 for 5 s (group A, n = 48), semi-standardized individual acupuncture with a maximum of five insertions for up to 30 s (group B, n = 49), or no acupuncture (group C, n = 48). The parents and the ordinary staff were blinded. Data were collected using: (1) diaries at baseline, during the two intervention weeks and 1-week follow-up; and (2) questionnaires with quantitative and qualitative components used at the second and fourth visits and during a follow-up telephone call. Outcomes were the changes in frequency of stooling and in hours of sleep per day.

Results

There were no differences between groups for stooling, feeding, or sleeping at any time point according to data from the diaries. At the follow-up phone call, more parents in groups A and B (compared to group C) perceived that feeding and sleep had changed and that the symptoms of colic had improved.