bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development and Feasibility Study of a Triage Tool for Early Referral to Spinal Cord Stimulation for Patients With Chronic Low Back and Leg Pain
Authors: Bastiaens Ferdinand , van Hooff Miranda L. , Bruaset Ivar J. , van den Eede Els , Maandag Natasja J. G. , Kurt Erkan , Schel‐Huisman Monique C. M. , Wegener Jessica T. , Vissers Kris C. P.
Published: January 2025

Background

In recent years, delayed elective care and growing waiting lists increasingly resulted in postponed surgeries for patients with chronic back and leg pain.

Objective

To develop, implement, and evaluate the feasibility of a triage tool for patients with chronic back and/or leg pain to identify those eligible for referral to spinal cord stimulation (SCS) consultation.

Methods

A triage tool was developed, based on Dutch SCS guidelines, literature review and expert panel consultation. The triage process was detected and implemented in collaboration with a multidisciplinary team, prior to first orthopaedic consultation. Feasibility, reliability and predictive accuracy were analysed as part of the evaluation of the triage tool.

Results

The triage indicators included: Pain location (leg/mixed), DN4 > 3, pain duration ≥ 3 months, leg pain ≥ back pain and NPRS leg pain ≥ 5. The triage tool was applied on patients on the orthopaedic waiting list, followed by a full orthopaedic review if they were not excluded. A total of 1025 orthopaedic patients with chronic back and leg pain were assessed with the triage tool. The triage tool was evaluated as feasible (mean System Usability Score 74.2 [SD 11.5]), reliable (inter‐rater reliability [Fleiss' Kappa 0.79], intra‐rater reliability [Cohen's Kappa 0.89]) and accurate (sensitivity [100%], specificity [98.8%], positive predictive value [40%] and negative predictive value [100%]).

Conclusion

Early triage of potential SCS candidates potentially supports rapid and appropriate care allocation, shortens waiting list time and improves clinical outcomes. Future research should explore strategies to optimise the tool's performance in identifying patients most likely to benefit from SCS therapy.

Significance

A novel triage tool was developed to identify patients with chronic back and leg pain for an early referral to SCS. This tool, evaluated for feasibility, reliability, and predictive accuracy, shows promise in reducing waiting times and improving patient selection. It can be a prelude to the further development of decision support for SCS and an acceleration in the care process for SCS candidates.
Reaction Engineering for Asymmetric R‐/S‐PAC Synthesis With Ephedrine or Pseudoephedrine Dehydrogenase in Pickering Emulsion
Authors: Carubio Reynaldo Jr. , Wang Bao‐Hsiang , Ansorge‐Schumacher Marion B.
Published: January 2025

The synthesis of enantiopure α‐hydroxy ketones, particularly R‐ and S‐phenylacetylcarbinol (PAC), represents an important process in the pharmaceutical industry, serving as a pivotal step in the production of drugs. Recently, two novel enzymes, ephedrine dehydrogenase (EDH) and pseudoephedrine dehydrogenase (PseDH), have been described. These enzymes enable the specific reduction of 1‐phenyl‐1,2‐propanedione (PPD) to R‐PAC and S‐PAC, respectively. In this study, we transferred these enzymes into Pickering emulsions, which is an attractive reaction set‐up for large‐scale synthesis. The bioactive w/o Pickering emulsion (bioactive Pickering emulsion [BioPE]), in which methyl tert‐butyl ether served as the continuous phase, was stabilized by silica nanoparticles. Formate dehydrogenase from Rhodococcus jostii was utilized for cofactor regeneration. Given the considerable complexity of the BioPE, this reaction system underwent a first‐time application of design of experiment (DOE) for systematic engineering. A definitive screening design was employed to identify significant factors affecting space‐time yield (STY) and conversion. Response surface methodology was used to optimize the conditions, resulting in the observation of a high STY of 4.2 g L⁻¹ h⁻¹ and a conversion of 83.2% for BioPE with EDH, and an STY of 4.4 g L⁻¹ h⁻¹ and a conversion of 64.5% for BioPE with PseDH.
Electrical Power Interconnection‐Based Urban Energy Systems: A Study of the Clean, Economic and Synergistic Operation
Authors: Jiao Xianan , Wu Jiekang , Mao Yunshou , Yan Mengxuan , Rui Qingtao , Pang Zhikai
Published: January 2025

As urban areas expand, energy demands are escalating, necessitating the development of urban energy systems (UES) to achieve energy conservation and emission reduction goals. Although small‐scale regional integrated energy supply technologies have reached a level of maturity, urban‐scale integrated energy supply solutions are still in development. In response, this study introduces an architecture for the UES and an economic and low‐carbon operation strategy. The approach begins by constructing a highly reliable and robust integrated energy system (IES) within each independent region to accommodate a variety of energy needs, followed by the establishment of an operational architecture for large‐scale urban energy systems. The study then examines the energy flow and the mathematical model of multiple energies within urban energy systems, simplifying the complex model for practical application. Subsequently, a multiobjective optimization model is developed to facilitate the large‐scale consumption of clean energy, with considerations for economic and low‐carbon operations, and is formatted into a linear programming model. The model's accuracy is empirically tested through numerical simulation in a city divided into three regions. The simulation results demonstrate substantial improvements in clean energy consumption, a reduction in carbon emissions, and a decrease in operational costs. Specifically, the proposed strategy can boost the clean energy consumption rate to 96.41%, cut operational costs by up to 50.13%, and lower carbon dioxide emissions by up to 57.59% compared to traditional technologies. These findings robustly validate the methodology's effectiveness, paving the way for more sustainable urban energy management practices.
Modelling the Impacts of Climate Change on Horticultural Crop Production: Evidence From Turkiye
Authors: Chandio Abbas Ali , Ozdemir Dicle , Tang Xiaoping
Published: January 2025

Potatoes, tomatoes, and chili peppers are commonly used in our daily diets as primary vegetable food items. However, producing nutritious, fresh, and sustainable vegetables in the context of climate change is a major challenge for both developed and developing countries. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the impacts of climate change on horticultural crop production, including potatoes, tomatoes, and chili peppers in Turkiye from 1990 to 2020. Using the autoregressive distributive lag (ARDL) estimation technique, we demonstrate that climatic factors such as temperature and precipitation changes benefit potato yields in both the long and short term. Conversely, CO2 emissions have a positive impact on potato yields in the long term, but a negative impact in the short term. Furthermore, the results show that temperature fluctuations have detrimental effects on tomato production in the short and long term. On the other hand, increased rainfall and CO2 emissions positively influence tomato yields over the long term. Meanwhile, temperature changes and CO2 emissions boost short‐ and long‐term yields. Besides, the cultivated area and fertilizer use contribute significantly to the production of potatoes, tomatoes, and chilies in the short and long term. Our study suggests that implementing appropriate adaptation and mitigation measures can effectively address the challenges of climate change and promote the sustainable production of vegetables.
Geochemistry of Core Sediments From the Southeast Coast of Bangladesh: Constraints on Chemical Weathering, Paleoenvironmental Conditions, Provenance, and Tectonic Setting
Authors: Hossain H. M. Zakir , Al Hossain Anas , Islam Md. Aminul , Liu Zhifei , Yu Mingyang
Published: January 2025

Major, trace, and rare‐earth elements (REEs) were examined on modern sediments of a 70‐m long core collected from the southeast coast of Bangladesh to understand chemical weathering, paleo‐redox sensitivity, sediment maturity, source rock composition, and tectonic setting during the deposition of sediments. The core samples contained high SiO2 (62–91 wt.%) and low Al2O3 (~5–17 wt.%) that showed a marked negative correlation (r = −0.98) with linear trends, indicating that the quartz rather than aluminosilicates mainly controlled SiO2. Substantial depletion of major labile elements (e.g., Na2O, CaO*, K2O, Ba, and Sr) compared with the upper continental crust (UCC) indicates the destruction of feldspar during chemical weathering in the source area. The index of compositional variability (ICV) and the SiO2/Al2O3 ratio of the sediments varied from 0.79 to 1.83 and 3.47–22.69, respectively, indicating immature to moderate compositional and mineralogical maturity. The chemical index of alteration (CIA, ~67–81), chemical index of weathering (CIW, ~69–91), and plagioclase index of alteration (PIA, ~71–92) parameters suggest moderate to high chemical weathering intensity in the source area, which was favoured and accelerated by the warm and humid conditions. The elemental ratios of V/Cr, Ni/V, Ni/Co, U/Th, Cu/Zn, and V/V + Ni suggested oxic to sub‐oxic paleoenvironmental conditions that prevailed during sediment deposition. Provenance discrimination diagrams and elemental ratios (e.g., Th/Sc, Zr/Sc, La/Sc, Cr/V, and Co/Th) suggest their derivation from felsic source rocks (e.g., granodiorite, rhyolite, and granite). The chondrite‐normalised (REEs) distributions show light REE enrichment (LaN/YbN, 7.61–14.35), nearly flat heavy REE (GdN/YbN, 1.33–2.25), and marked Eu anomalies (Eu/Eu*, ~0.58–1.40), suggesting an influx of sediments from felsic provenance. The REE patterns and parameters are similar throughout the sequence, confirming that the overall source composition remained unchanged. The tectonic setting discrimination diagrams show that the core sediments were mainly derived from active and passive margin environments.
Genetic Associations Among Inflammation, White Matter Architecture, and Extracellular Free Water
Authors: Rodrigue Amanda L. , Knowles Emma E. M. , Mollon Josephine , Mathias Samuel R. , Peralta Juan Manuel , Leandro Ana C. , Fox Peter T. , Kochunov Peter , Olvera Rene L. , Almasy Laura , Curran Joanne E. , Blangero John , Glahn David C.
Published: January 2025

Phenotypic and genetic relationships between white matter microstructure (i.e., fractional anisotropy [FA]) and peripheral inflammatory responses (i.e., circulating cytokines) have important implications for health and disease. However, it is unclear whether previously discovered genetic correlations between the two traits are due to tissue‐specific white matter architecture or increased free water in the extracellular space. We applied a two‐compartment model to diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) data and estimated tissue‐specific white matter microstructure (FAT) and free water volume (FW). We then quantified their heritability and their genetic correlations with two peripherally circulating proinflammatory cytokines (IL‐8 and TNFα), and compared these correlations to those obtained using traditional FA measures from one‐compartment DTI models. All DTI and cytokine measures were significantly moderately heritable. We confirmed phenotypic and genetic correlations between circulating cytokine levels and single‐compartment FA across the brain (IL‐8: ρp = −0.16, FDRp = 4.8 × 10−07; ρg = −0.37 (0.12), FDRp = 0.01; TNFα: ρp = −0.15, FDRp = 2.4 × 10−07; ρg = −0.34 (0.12), p = 0.01). However, this relationship no longer reached significance when FA measures were derived using the two‐compartment DTI model (IL‐8: ρp = −0.04, FDRp = 0.17; ρg = −0.14 (0.13), FDRp = 0.29; TNFα: ρp = −0.05, FDRp = 0.10; ρg = −0.22 (0.13), FDRp = 0.10). There were significant phenotypic and genetic correlations between FW and both IL‐8 (ρp = 0.19, FDRp = 2.1 × 10−10; ρg = 0.34 (0.11), FDRp = 0.01) and TNFα (ρp = 0.16, FDRp = 1.89 × 10−07; ρg = 0.30 (0.12), FDRp = 0.02). These results have important implications for understanding the mechanisms linking the two phenomena, but they also serve as a cautionary note for those examining associations between white matter integrity using single‐compartment models and inflammatory processes.
The Buffering Role of Anti‐Violence Human Resource Management Practices in Shaping How Police Officers Cope With Workplace Violence
Authors: Alfes Kerstin , Tham Tse Leng , Pariona‐Cabrera Patricia , Holland Peter , Bartram Timothy
Published: January 2025

Anti‐violence Human Resource Management (HRM) practices can be used as an organizational resource to buffer the effects of violence experienced by frontline workers. This research examines the process through which different forms of workplace violence (i.e., physical, verbal, and vicarious) impact how employees cope, and thereby their intentions to leave the profession. Drawing on Conservation of Resources (COR) theory, we collected two waves of data (N = 371) from police officers in Victoria, Australia, to test our proposed hypotheses. The findings demonstrated that physical violence, verbal abuse, and vicarious violence were positively associated with coping through denial. Importantly, coping through denial mediated the relationship between physical violence, verbal abuse, and vicarious violence on police officers' intention to leave the profession. Finally, anti‐violence HRM practices buffered the indirect effect of physical violence and vicarious violence on the intention to leave the profession via coping through denial, whereas no effect was found for verbal abuse. Our results therefore suggest that anti‐violence HRM practices play a pivotal role in managing incidents of violence at work against frontline workers. The findings' contributions to HRM theory and practice, as well as future research, are discussed.
The Impact of Artificial Intelligence on Healthcare: A Comprehensive Review of Advancements in Diagnostics, Treatment, and Operational Efficiency
Authors: Faiyazuddin Md. , Rahman Syed Jalal Q. , Anand Gaurav , Siddiqui Reyaz Kausar , Mehta Rachana , Khatib Mahalaqua Nazli , Gaidhane Shilpa , Zahiruddin Quazi Syed , Hussain Arif , Sah Ranjit
Published: January 2025

Background and Aims

Artificial Intelligence (AI) beginning to integrate in healthcare, is ushering in a transformative era, impacting diagnostics, altering personalized treatment, and significantly improving operational efficiency. The study aims to describe AI in healthcare, including important technologies like robotics, machine learning (ML), deep learning (DL), and natural language processing (NLP), and to investigate how these technologies are used in patient interaction, predictive analytics, and remote monitoring. The goal of this review is to present a thorough analysis of AI's effects on healthcare while providing stakeholders with a road map for navigating this changing environment.

Methods

This review analyzes the impact of AI on healthcare using data from the Web of Science (2014–2024), focusing on keywords like AI, ML, and healthcare applications. It examines the uses and effects of AI on healthcare by synthesizing recent literature and real‐world case studies, such as Google Health and IBM Watson Health, highlighting AI technologies, their useful applications, and the difficulties in putting them into practice, including problems with data security and resource limitations. The review also discusses new developments in AI, and how they can affect society.

Results

The findings demonstrate how AI is enhancing the skills of medical professionals, enhancing diagnosis, and opening the door to more individualized treatment plans, as reflected in the steady rise of AI‐related healthcare publications from 158 articles (3.54%) in 2014 to 731 articles (16.33%) by 2024. Core applications like remote monitoring and predictive analytics improve operational effectiveness and patient involvement. However, there are major obstacles to the mainstream implementation of AI in healthcare, including issues with data security and budget constraints.

Conclusion

Healthcare may be transformed by AI, but its successful use requires ethical and responsible use. To meet the changing demands of the healthcare sector and guarantee the responsible application of AI technologies, the evaluation highlights the necessity of ongoing research, instruction, and multidisciplinary cooperation. In the future, integrating AI responsibly will be essential to optimizing its advantages and reducing related dangers.
The bidirectional relationship between perceived social support and moral sensitivity in adolescents: Evidence from longitudinal study and weekly diary method
Authors: Xiang Yanhui , Hu Zhifang , Tan Qiaolu , Li Xiaojun
Published: January 2025

Introduction

Moral sensitivity, the ability to perceive moral issues, plays a crucial role in societal development and progress. Previous studies have highlighted the significance of perceived social support as a key factor influencing moral sensitivity.

Method

Based on the conservation of resources theory, this pioneering study investigates the association between perceived social support and moral sensitivity at both trait and state levels, employing a longitudinal study and a weekly diary method. In Study 1, the relationship between perceived social support and moral sensitivity was examined across two waves (T1 and T2) with 454 adolescents, spaced at 1‐year intervals. Study 2 utilized a weekly diary method to observe 109 adolescents over a 7‐week period.

Results

Study 1 revealed that (1) T1 perceived social support positively predicted T2 moral sensitivity, while (2) T1 moral sensitivity did not positively predict T2 perceived social support. Study 2 demonstrated that: (1) weekly perceived social support positively predicted weekly moral sensitivity, and (2) weekly moral sensitivity also positively predicted weekly perceived social support.

Conclusion

In summary, our findings indicate that over an extended period, perceived social support predicts moral sensitivity. Additionally, in the short term, a bidirectional predictive relationship exists between perceived social support and moral sensitivity. These findings bridge an academic gap and offer crucial theoretical insights into the development of individual moral sensitivity from the perspective of perceived social support.
Latinx Youth in Rural Settings: Understanding the Links Between Ethnic‐Racial Identity, Neighborhood Risks, Perceived Discrimination, and Depressive Symptoms
Authors: Bermudez Deziah Lyzell , Garcia Megan Elaine , Iturriaga Valentina Francisca , Rodriguez Ruth Elaine , Gonzales‐Backen Melinda
Published: January 2025

Introduction

The current study examined the relationships between neighborhood risk, perceived ethnic‐racial discrimination, and depressive symptoms among rural Latinx adolescents. We also tested for potential moderation effects of ethnic‐racial identity (ERI) and how these associations differ by gender.

Methods

Interviewer‐administered surveys were used to collect quantitative data for this cross‐sectional study in 2017. The sample included 198 Latinx adolescents (Mage = 15.90, SD = 1.47; 54.4% female; 75.6% US born) recruited from rural farm areas in the Southeastern United States. Analyses were performed using hierarchical regression analyses in SPSS. Separate models were run for each ERI component.

Results

Results revealed associations between neighborhood risk, perceived ethnic‐racial discrimination, and depressive symptoms. ERI affirmation significantly moderated the association between neighborhood risk and depressive symptoms, demonstrating protective factors. Gender differences were identified in the hypothesized model.

Conclusions

Results highlight the role of neighborhood context and perceived ethnic‐racial discrimination in mental health outcomes among rural Latinx youth. Additionally, the findings suggest ERI may be an effective buffer against these stressors. Our results replicate findings pertaining to the influence of neighborhood risk that have been reported in extant literature and extend what is known of the protective role of ERI to Latinx adolescents from rural communities.
An Antibacterial Hemostasis Sponge of Gelatin/ε‐Poly‐L‐Lysine Composite
Authors: Lu Yifan , Lou Xiangxin , Wang Wenxin , Yang Ziting , Yao Haochen , Wu Jinglei
Published: January 2025

Massive bleeding and bacterial infection of wounds may be life‐threatening or even lead to death. Nowadays, gelatin‐based hemostatic sponges have been widely used, but gelatin is not antibacterial and has poor structural stability. In this study, we mixed an antibacterial polypeptide, ε‐poly‐L‐lysine (EPL), into gelatin. A gelatin/ε‐poly‐L‐lysine (Gel/EPL) sponge with hemostatic and antibacterial functions was prepared by ultraviolet (UV) crosslinking lyophilized Gel/EPL composite. Scanning electron microscopy showed that the sponge had an interconnected porous structure. The incorporation of EPL increased the hydrophilicity and water absorption capacity of the Gel/EPL sponge. The sponge had better structural stability after UV crosslinking. The antibacterial assay showed that bacteria could not grow normally around the Gel/EPL sponge. The contact between blood components and the sponge initiated coagulation via exogenous pathway activation, and no hemolysis occurred. In addition, in vivo experiments confirmed that the sponge has a faster clotting time and lower blood loss. These findings show that the developed Gel/EPL sponge has great potential as a novel hemostatic agent that can quickly stop bleeding and fight bacterial infections.
Uptake of the first to fifth doses of coronavirus disease 2019 vaccine in individuals with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia: A nationwide cohort study in Sweden
Authors: Hedberg Pontus , Blixt Lisa , Granath Fredrik , Bergman Peter , Carlander Christina , Aleman Soo , Hansson Lotta ,   the CLHIP study group
Published: January 2025

Objectives

Patients with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) have an increased risk of severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) as well as impaired responses to COVID‐19 vaccination, which may be overcome by repeated booster vaccinations. Our objective was to explore the uptake of the COVID‐19 vaccine in this population since records of this are scarce.

Methods

In this nationwide cohort study, we used multiple population‐based health and sociodemographic registries to study COVID‐19 vaccine uptake in individuals with CLL in Sweden, from 27 December 2020 to 28 February 2023.

Results

A total of 6304 individuals were included. The cumulative incidence (95% confidence interval) at the end of the study period was 95%, 94%, 88%, 78% and 56% for the first, second, third, fourth and fifth doses, respectively. The uptake was significantly higher compared with the age‐standardized nationwide uptake. However, there were large disparities, especially for the fourth and fifth doses, across different age groups, birth regions, and income quartiles. These differences were especially pronounced in intersectional analyses, where individuals born abroad in the lowest income quartile had a vaccine uptake of only 49% and 24% for the fourth and fifth doses, respectively.

Conclusions

Even though uptake was generally high in individuals with CLL, it seems to be declining from dose three and onwards, and there are significant sociodemographic disparities in vaccine uptake.
Application of Online Multi‐Internal Standard Calibration for Determination of Iodine by ICP‐MS
Authors: Zhou Long‐Hua , Lin Xing‐Chen , Suo Li‐Li , Ma Li‐Fang , Hu Gui‐Xiang , Xia Xiang , Li Ming , Huang Wei‐Hua , Jin Yong‐Jiu
Published: January 2025

This study presents a comprehensive evaluation of the application of online multi‐internal standard calibration (M.ISC) in determining iodine concentrations through inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP‐MS). Notably, M.ISC streamlines the calibration process by requiring only a single standard solution, thereby enhancing sample throughput and minimizing liquid waste. In addition, unlike conventional internal standard (IS) methods, M.ISC omits the need for time‐consuming species identification by utilizing multiple IS species simultaneously to minimize signal biases. The effectiveness of M.ISC was validated through the analysis of six standard reference samples, with the results of LOD and LOQ also being calculated by the error propagation approach. The traditional chemical analytical methods (TCAM), external standard calibration (EC) and single IS methods were also evaluated as comparative purpose. Nonetheless, M.ISC emerges as a straightforward matrix‐correction strategy, offering a simple and efficient alternative to traditional calibration methods for iodine detection by ICP‐MS.
SARS‐CoV‐2 Productively Infects Human Hepatocytes and Induces Cell Death
Authors: Ko Chunkyu , Cheng Cho‐Chin , Mistretta Daniele , Ambike Shubhankar , Sacherl Julia , Velkov Stoyan , Liao Bo‐Hung , Bester Romina , Gültan Merve , Polezhaeva Olga , Herrmann Alexander , Jakwerth Constanze A. , Schmidt‐Weber Carsten B. , Bugert Joachim J. , Wölfel Roman , Grass Vincent , Essbauer Sandra , Schnepf Daniel , Keppler Oliver T. , Vondran Florian W. R. , Pichlmair Andreas , Mogler Carolin , Ebert Gregor , Protzer Ulrike
Published: January 2025

SARS‐CoV‐2 infection is accompanied by elevated liver enzymes, and patients with pre‐existing liver conditions experience more severe disease. While it was known that SARS‐CoV‐2 infects human hepatocytes, our study determines the mechanism of infection, demonstrates viral replication and spread, and highlights direct hepatocyte damage. Viral replication was readily detectable upon infection of primary human hepatocytes and hepatoma cells with the ancestral SARS‐CoV‐2, Delta, and Omicron variants. Hepatocytes express the SARS‐CoV‐2 receptor ACE2 and the host cell protease TMPRSS2, and knocking down ACE2 and TMPRSS2 impaired SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. Progeny viruses released from infected hepatocytes showed the typical coronavirus morphology by electron microscopy and proved infectious when transferred to fresh cells, indicating that hepatocytes can contribute to virus spread. Importantly, SARS‐CoV‐2 infection rapidly induced hepatocyte death in a replication‐dependent fashion, with the Omicron variant showing faster onset but less extensive cell death. C57BL/6 wild‐type mice infected with a mouse‐adapted SARS‐CoV‐2 strain showed high levels of viral RNA in liver and lung tissues. ALT peaked when viral RNA was cleared from the liver. Liver histology revealed profound tissue damage and immune cell infiltration, indicating that direct cytopathic effects of SARS‐CoV‐2 and immune‐mediated killing of infected hepatocytes contribute to liver pathology.
Management of pediatric Peutz–Jeghers syndrome: Highlighting the efficacy and safety of endoscopic ischemic polypectomy
Authors: Dofuku Mika , Yano Tomonori , Yokoyama Koji , Okada Yuko , Kumagai Hideki , Tajima Toshihiro , Osaka Hitoshi
Published: January 2025

Objectives

Patients with Peutz–Jeghers syndrome (PJS) require continuous medical management throughout their lives. However, few case series regarding the clinical course, polyp surveillance, and treatment, including endoscopic ischemic polypectomy (EIP) for pediatric patients with PJS, were reported. We analyzed the current status and clinical course of pediatric patients with PJS under the management of our institute, including those treated with EIP.

Methods

Medical information on double‐balloon enteroscopy (DBE) performed between January 2006 and December 2023 and patient backgrounds were retrospectively collected. The location of polyps, breakdown of treatment methods, and differences in complication rates of each treatment method were analyzed.

Results

The median age at diagnosis of PJS was 9 years (0–18 years), and the prevalence of intussusception before the first DBE among the patients was 68.2%. In total, 115 procedures were performed in 22 pediatric patients with PJS. There were 100 therapeutic procedures, and the total number of treated polyps was 462 (362, 54, and 46 in the small bowel, colon, and stomach, respectively). Conventional polypectomy was performed for 106 polyps, and ischemic polypectomy was performed for 356 polyps. The incidence rates of post‐polypectomy bleeding and perforation associated with conventional polypectomy and EIP were 2.83% and 0.28%, respectively (p = 0.042). Eight patients (36.4%) had polyps larger than 15 mm under the age of 8 years.

Conclusions

Proper imaging evaluation and endoscopic treatment for gastrointestinal (GI) polyps are essential to prevent GI complications in pediatric patients with PJS, even those younger than 8 years old. Moreover, EIP may be the ideal procedure for managing polyps in this population.
Effects of genotype and environment on the physiochemical properties of Canadian oat varieties
Authors: Alexander Vanessa , Nilsen Kirby T. , Joseph Sijo , Beta Trust , Malunga Lovemore Nkhata
Published: January 2025

BACKGROUND

The relationship between oat grain composition and physical attributes as influenced by oat genotype and Canadian growing environments was investigated. Thirty Canadian oat (Avena sativa L.) genotypes, grown in three Canadian growing locations (Brandon, Manitoba; Portage la Prairie, Manitoba; and Lacombe, Alberta) over 2 consecutive years (2020–2021), were analyzed.

RESULTS

Analysis of variance showed that the protein, total starch, and amylose content were significantly affected by genotype, environment, and their interaction. A principal component analysis bi‐plot illustrated that protein and total starch had an inverse relationship and were more affected by growing year, whereas amylose content had a negligible influence. The majority of genotypes were stable across environments but some genotypes, like CDC Morrison, were more influenced by different environments. Correlation analysis suggested that drought‐like conditions early in the growing season generated oat genotypes that favored the accumulation of protein, β‐glucan, and oil.

CONCLUSION

The results provide detailed information regarding the relationship between important oat chemical and physical traits and different growing environments, which can assist breeders to improve characteristics to obtain high‐quality oat grains and thus high‐quality end products. © 2025 His Majesty the King in Right of Canada and The Author(s). Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry. Reproduced with the permission of the Minister of Agriculture and Agri‐Food Canada.
Integrating Ultra‐High‐Performance Liquid Chromatography and Orbitrap High‐Resolution Mass Spectrometry, Feature‐Based Molecular Networking, and Network Medicine to Unlock Harvesting Strategies for Endangered Sinocalycanthus Chinensis
Authors: Tong Yingpeng , Li Xin , Wan Jiang , Zhou Qi , Jiang Chunxiao , Li Na , Jin Zexin , Gu Junjie , Li Fan , Li Junmin
Published: January 2025

Evaluating the practical utility of endangered plant species is crucial for their conservation. Nevertheless, numerous endangered plants, including Sinocalycanthus chinensis, lack historical usage data, leading to a paucity of guidance in traditional pharmacological research. This gap impedes their development and potential utilization. Ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography and Orbitrap high‐resolution mass spectrometry were employed to analyze the S. chinensis leaves collected at different harvesting times. Then, the metabolites were automatically annotated by a self‐built R script in conjunction with characteristic fragment ions, neutral loss filtering, and feature‐based molecular networking. By integrating metabolomics with network medicine analysis, the potential usage and optimal harvest times for S. chinensis were unlocked. A total of 305 metabolites were identified, with 66.8% annotated by self‐built R script. A progressive increase in metabolite disparities was observed from May to August, followed by a relatively minor distinction from August to October. Notably diverse metabolites were detected in S. chinensis harvested during different periods, implying potential variations in efficacy. Network medicine analysis indicated possible therapeutic implications of S. chinensis for lung cancer, diabetes, bladder cancer, and Alzheimer's disease. Samples collected in May and September demonstrated exceptional efficacy. Harvesting was strategically conducted during these months based on variations in sample characteristics and metabolite content, tailored to their intended applications for dietary or medicinal purposes. This study developed an efficient methodology for investigating metabolites and exploring the potential applications of S. chinensis in food and herbal medicine. Consequently, it provides technical support for the sustainable conservation of endangered plants with limited clinical application experience.
A 2.2–3 GHz Non‐Quadrature Vector‐Sum Phase Shifter With Low‐Phase Error and Based on Coarse‐Fine Tuning
Authors: Kebe Mamady , Amaya Rony E. , Yagoub Mustapha C. E.
Published: January 2025

This letter presents the design and implementation of a novel analog phase shifter architecture based on generating and synthesizing non‐quadrature vector signals. The phase shift is achieved through coarse and fine‐tuning. The coarse tuning is executed by the path selectors of the generated phase vectors, whereas tunable passive attenuators do the fine‐tuning. The proposed phase shifter was implemented on a commercial PCB and tested at 2.6 GHz center frequency. The fabricated protocol generates a 360° continuous phase shift from 2.2 to 3 GHz with an RMS gain imbalance of 1.1 dB at the center frequency. Moreover, the measured RMS phase error is 0.115° at the center frequency and less than 2° within the bandwidth, which is ultra‐low for an RF phase shifter. With a size of 1.2 × 0.8 , the fabricated phase shifter consumes a small DC power of about 6.2 mW, which is smaller than the power consumed by most vector modulators.
Impact of Posterior Tibial Nerve Stimulation on Early Continence Following Extraperitoneal Laparoscopic Radical Prostatectomy With Three Trocars
Authors: Akin Yigit , Yorulmaz Enis Mert , Kose Osman , Ozcan Serkan , Gorgel Sacit Nuri , Tumer Erbay
Published: January 2025

Aim

Posterior tibial nerve stimulation (PTNS) might stimulate the sacral nerves and lead to work pelvic floor muscles. We evaluated to effects of PTNS on continence results after extraperitoneal laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (eLRP) with three trocars during early post operative period.

Methods

Prospectively recorded data of eLRP with three trocars was retrospectively reviewed for continence results between January 2017 and April 2024. Demographic, clinical, and follow‐up data including age, prostate‐specific antigen, prostate volume, nerve sparing surgery, and Gleason score were considered for match‐paired analysis criteria. Patients were divided into two groups according to whether received PTNS therapy after surgery or not. Group 1 consisted of patients without PTNS (n = 66), and Group 2 consisted of patients who were applied PTNS (n = 66) after eLRP. Continence status, urine loss ratio (ULR), ICIQ‐SF, and SF‐12 Quality of Life Scale were recorded during outpatient control after 2nd, 3rd, 6th and 12th months of surgery. Statistically significant p was p ≤ 0.05.

Results

Mean follow‐up was 25 ± 8.7 months. There were 66 patients in each group and match‐paired analyses were performed. Group 2 had significant lower incontinence rate and ICIQ‐SF score at second and third months follow‐up (p = 0.026 and p = 0.045; p = 0.044 and p = 0.031 respectively). Group 2 had significantly higher Physical Component Summary (PCS) and Mental Component Summary (MCS) (p = 0.005 and p = 0.011 for PCS; p = 0.008 and p = 0.025 for MCS, respectively) at second and third months follow‐up. Additionally, ULR was significant better in Group 2 at second and third month of surgery (p = 0.042, p = 0.037, respectively). All these parameters were comparable between groups after sixth and 12th months.

Conclusions

PTNS can be safely applied to provide early continence in patients underwent eLRP. Due to improved functional outcomes, higher quality of life might be gained in early follow‐up period.
Electrical resistivity tomography data inversion using prior information for tunnel prospecting: A case study from southwestern China
Authors: Deng Zhaoyang , Nie Lichao , Li Zhi‐Qiang , Xu Xiaodong , Du Yuchao , Mei Zhenggui , Yang Haiqing
Published: January 2025

The direct current (DC) resistivity method is extensively used to predict water‐inrush disasters in tunnel prospecting. However, during DC resistivity inversion, different initial models can significantly affect the inversion results, often resulting in convergence at a local optimum. To overcome these challenges, we propose a new method for DC data inversion that uses prior information as a reference model. First, the resistivity distribution of the surrounding rock mass was estimated based on detailed geological analysis. Next, an initial homogeneous resistivity model was constructed by averaging the observed tunnel resistivity values. Finally, the initial model was developed by incorporating borehole rock samples and water content data. The effectiveness of the method' was assessed using a series of synthetic models of typical water‐bearing structures. We then applied this approach to the Laomacao Tunnel in the Yunnan Central Water Diversion Project (southwestern China), where drilling data were used as a priori information to optimize the initial model together with the average tunnel resistivity values, successfully identifying the water‐bearing structure ahead of the tunnel face. Overall, the proposed method enhances the understanding of sudden surges, aiding in the prevention and control of water disasters in tunnels.
Reactivity of Imidazole‐ and Pyridine‐Carboxaldehydes for Gem‐Diol and Hemiacetal Generation: Theoretical and Experimental Insights
Authors: Crespi Ayelén F. , Barrionuevo Emiliano , Jasinski Gabriel , Moglioni Albertina G. , Vega Daniel , Lázaro‐Martínez Juan M.
Published: January 2025

Gem‐diols are defined as organic molecules carrying two hydroxyl groups at the same carbon atom, which is the result of the nucleophilic addition of water to a carbonyl group. In this work, the generation of the hydrated or hemiacetal forms using pyridine‐ and imidazole‐carboxaldehyde isomers in different chemical environments was studied by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) recorded in different media and combined with theoretical calculations. The change in the position of aldehyde group in either the pyridine or the imidazole ring had a clear effect in the course of the hydration/hemiacetal generation reaction, which was favored in protic solvents mainly in the presence of methanol. For pyridinecarboxaldehydes, the acidity/basicity degree of the reaction medium influenced not only the generation of the gem‐diol or hemiacetal forms but also the oxidation to the corresponding carboxylic acid. However, imidazolecarboxaldehyde was found to be less reactive to the nucleophilic addition of water and methanol than the other compounds in all the environments evaluated. Furthermore, both the gem‐diol/hemiacetal generation and the Cannizzaro reaction products were studied in alkaline medium.
Understanding Urban Resilience and SDGs: A New Approach in Decision‐Making for Sustainable Cities
Authors: Barcellos‐Paula Luciano , Castro‐Rezende Aline , Gil‐Lafuente Anna María
Published: January 2025

Recent crises exacerbate social, environmental, and economic problems affecting the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and urban resilience. Urgent action is needed to address these issues. The paper aims to (i) broaden the debate on urban resilience and the SDGs and (ii) examine how the interconnection of Urban Spatial Resilience (USR) and the SDGs can contribute to sustainable cities and communities. The research is developed through a literature review and a bibliometric analysis, followed by a quantitative approach using modeling and simulation. The results reveal three critical elements that can impact urban resilience and sustainable development: SDG11, urban spatial structure resilience, and urban spatial form resilience. Other findings indicate that SDG13 and SDG6 have a significant indirect relationship with urban resilience. The study provides policy implications supporting urban resilience and the SDGs.
Is rewilding too wild? Assessing the benefits and challenges of forest succession on abandoned land in the mid‐hills of Nepal
Authors: McGunnigle Nicola , Bardsley Douglas , Nuberg Ian , Pandit Bishnu Hari
Published: January 2025

The rewilding of landscapes through the promotion of natural ecological processes is a contemporary approach to nature restoration and conservation. In Nepal and elsewhere globally, forest is also regenerating naturally on abandoned agricultural land, effectively rewilding the landscape by default. We investigate factors that lead to reforestation and examine tensions and trade‐offs in rural areas traditionally dependent on agriculture for subsistence livelihoods.

Perceptions of forest succession in the middle hills of Nepal are analysed in relation to views of rewilding. We examine rural households' experiences of naturally regenerating forest and compare those insights with perceptions of the concept of rewilding as understood by environmental management professionals in Nepal. We assess the perceived benefits of regenerating species and the challenges to acquiring these benefits for forest‐based livelihoods.

The causes of agrarian‐forest transitions are complex and often compounding. With out‐migration from rural areas and a shift away from subsistence agriculture, new and cyclic conflicts are emerging. Although the processes of rewilding and regenerating forest are largely synonymous, language such as ‘wild’ and ‘wilderness’ is associated with negative experiences of human–wildlife conflict and invasive species, suggesting the term ‘rewilding’ poses more challenges with regard to forest transitions than ‘regenerating forest’. However, research participants identified beneficial livelihood and conservation opportunities from regenerating forest species and emphasised the potential for co‐existence of emerging forests within traditional agricultural landscapes. The epistemology is therefore vital for framing conceptions of forest transitions.

Guiding stakeholders to identify and develop opportunities for regenerating forests during transitions is possible. Diverse livelihood benefits were recognised by rural households in the study area, with some respondents adopting agroforestry systems using regenerating species.

Policy implications: Policy development around land use change needs to realise that multiple issues lead to and arise from agrarian‐forest transitions. Regenerating forests could contribute to global biodiversity targets through development pathways promoting the emerging biota that also contribute to livelihood benefits. Steps to work with, rather than against, the causes and effects of natural regeneration could deliver positive outcomes for sustainable livelihoods and biodiversity conservation in Nepal and beyond.

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
In the Best Interest of Children? Unpacking the Dynamics of Parental Migration and Children's Life Satisfaction in Urban Northeast China
Authors: Wang Shuai
Published: January 2025

As China's urbanisation approaches saturation, the dynamics of migration have shifted from rural out‐migration to urban out‐migration. This shift has rendered children of migrants remaining in urban China understudied. By comparing children of migrants and children of non‐migrants in an urban border setting—Hunchun City, Northeast China, this study examines the association between parental migration and children's life satisfaction through various potential mediating indicators within two dimensions: parents' (a) material support and (b) emotional support. This study employs a mixed‐methods approach, conducting an original data set with children (N = 639) and in‐depth interviews with children, parents, grandparents and schoolteachers (N = 41). The findings reveal that across different types of parental migration (father‐only, mother‐only, both‐parent migration), children with both parents migrating have significantly lower life satisfaction than children of non‐migrants, while parents' emotional support mediates significantly more than the material support. It further suggests that children with both parents migrating develop a defensive stance toward their needs as a response to their parents' absence. Specifically, they exhibit resistance to seeking parental assistance when needed, raising critical questions regarding children's resilience and highlighting the complex interplay between family dynamics and children's subjective well‐being in the context of parental migration.
Proposal for a Bose–Einstein Condensate Based Test of Born's Rule Using Light–Pulse Atom Interferometry
Authors: Kanthak Simon , Pahl Julia , Reiche Daniel , Krutzik Markus
Published: January 2025

Light‐pulse atom interferometry with ultra‐cold quantum gases is proposed and numerically benchmarked as a platform to test the modulo‐square hypothesis of Born's rule. The interferometric protocol is based on a combination of double Bragg and single Raman diffraction to induce multipath interference in Bose–Einstein condensates (BECs) and block selected interferometer paths, respectively. In contrast to previous tests employing macroscopic material slits and blocking masks, optical diffraction lattices provide a high degree of control and avoid possible systematic errors like geometrical inaccuracies from manufacturing processes. In addition, sub‐recoil expansion rates of delta‐kick collimated BECs allow to prepare, distinguish and selectively address the external momentum states of the atoms. This further displays in close‐to‐unity diffraction fidelities favorable for both high‐contrast interferometry and high extinction of the blocking masks. In return, non‐linear phase shifts caused by repulsive atom‐atom interactions need to be taken into account, which we fully reflect in our numerical simulations of the multipath interferometer. Assuming that the modulo‐square rule holds, the impact of experimental uncertainties is examined in accordance with conventional BEC interferometer to provide an upper bound of on the statistical deviation of iterations for a hypothetical third‐order interference term.
High‐Efficiency Hydrogen Production From Hydrazine Borane Using Cu/MIL‐53(Al) Nanocatalysts: Synthesis, Characterization, and Performance Evaluation Nanocatalysts Supported on MIL‐53(Al)
Authors: Karataş Yaşar
Published: January 2025

This work highlights the novelty of investigating hydrogen production from hydrazine borane (HB) using copper (Cu). This first‐row transition metal is abundant yet underexplored as a catalyst compared to precious metals. We focus on The synthesis of Cu nanoparticles supported on MIL‐53(Al) (Cu/MIL‐53(Al)) through an impregnation‐reduction method and evaluate their performance in HB hydrolysis. Advanced characterization techniques, including X‐ray diffraction (XRD), X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and TEM‐energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (TEM‐EDX), reveal an average Cu nanoparticle size of 3.94 ± 0.32 nm. Notably, the turnover frequency (TOF) for hydrogen production with Cu/MIL‐53(Al) at 298 K was 966 h⁻¹ (16.1 min⁻¹), representing the highest TOF reported for Cu‐based systems in HB hydrolysis. Furthermore, we calculated the activation energy (Ea#), activation enthalpy (ΔH#), and activation entropy (ΔS#) for the Cu/MIL‐53(Al) catalyst as 83.77 kJ mol⁻¹, 81.15 kJ mol⁻¹, and 48.56 J mol⁻¹ K⁻¹, respectively, using the Arrhenius and Eyring‐Polanyi equations. These findings underscore the potential of Cu/MIL‐53(Al) as an efficient and cost‐effective catalyst for hydrogen production, significantly advancing sustainable hydrogen energy technologies.