bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Contribution of Different Cortical Regions to the Control of Spatially Decoupled Eye–Hand Coordination
Authors: Sayegh Patricia F. , Gorbet Diana J. , Hawkins Kara M. , Hoffman Kari L. , Sergio Lauren E.
Published: March 2017

Our brain's ability to flexibly control the communication between the eyes and the hand allows for our successful interaction with the objects located within our environment. This flexibility has been observed in the pattern of neural responses within key regions of the frontoparietal reach network. More specifically, our group has shown how single-unit and oscillatory activity within the dorsal premotor cortex (PMd) and the superior parietal lobule (SPL) change contingent on the level of visuomotor compatibility between the eyes and hand. Reaches that involve a coupling between the eyes and hand toward a common spatial target display a pattern of neural responses that differ from reaches that require eye–hand decoupling. Although previous work examined the altered spiking and oscillatory activity that occurs during different types of eye–hand compatibilities, they did not address how each of these measures of neurological activity interacts with one another. Thus, in an effort to fully characterize the relationship between oscillatory and single-unit activity during different types of eye–hand coordination, we measured the spike–field coherence (SFC) within regions of macaque SPL and PMd. We observed stronger SFC within PMdr and superficial regions of SPL (areas 5/PEc) during decoupled reaches, whereas PMdc and regions within SPL surrounding medial intrapareital sulcus had stronger SFC during coupled reaches. These results were supported by meta-analysis on human fMRI data. Our results support the proposal of altered cortical control during complex eye–hand coordination and highlight the necessity to account for the different eye–hand compatibilities in motor control research.
Trends in new species discovery of Orthoptera (Insecta) from Southeast Asia
Authors: TAN MING KAI , CHOI JIHEA , SHANKAR NIVEDITA
Published: March 2017

The orthopterans are diverse insects and play important roles in the ecosystem as well as having “love-hate relationship” with humans. Documentation of diversity in Southeast Asia has long history but remains incomplete. Using information of type specimens and Geographic Information System (GIS) techniques, we investigated the following questions on new species discovery for the region, specifically: (1) How are new species discoveries of orthopterans distributed in Southeast Asia? (2) How have new species discoveries changed with time? (3) How do new species discoveries relate to the countries of the type depositories? We found that new species discoveries, relative to sampling, are fragmentary in Southeast Asia and changes with different time periods. We also find type depositories tightly linked to the human (colonial) history of Southeast Asian countries. We provide some recommendations and hope that this can help to accelerate the study of orthopteran diversity in the region.
Dolichopus nimbatus Parent, 1927 revisited, with two new synonyms (Diptera: Dolichopodidae)
Authors: POLLET MARC
Published: March 2017

On the basis of comparison between the female holotype of Dolichopus nimbatus Parent and the female paratype of D. balius Meuffels, and comparison of a male paratype of D. balius with the description of D. thalhammeri Knézy, D. balius and D. thalhammeri are designated junior synonyms of D. nimbatus. Dolichopus nimbatus ranges from northern France and Belgium to southern Turkey. Ecological features might explain its rarity in collections.
Apertochrysa (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae): A heterogeneric phantom?
Authors: MOCHIZUKI ATSUSHI , HENRY CHARLES S. , DUELLI PETER
Published: March 2017

The small lacewing genus Apertochrysa comprises species from Africa, Asia and Australia. All lack a tignum, but otherwise resemble distantly related genera. We show that Apertochrysa does not form a monophyletic clade, based on analyses of molecular sequence data and morphological traits such as the presence and shape of the male gonapsis, wing venation, and larval setae. Apertochrysa kichijoi forms a clade with Eremochrysa, Suarius and Chrysemosa, whereas A. albolineatoides belongs to a clade that includes Cunctochrysa. Apertochrysa albolineatoides should become a new combination as Cunctochrysa albolineatoides, while A. kichijoi will have to be transferred to a new genus. The Australian A. edwardsi, the African A. eurydera and the type species of the genus Apertochrysa, A. umbrosa, join the large Pseudomallada group. Relationships of A. umbrosa are less certain, because for it we could amplify only one of the three nuclear genes used in the overall analysis. However, in all morphological traits tested, that species strongly resembles A. edwardsi and A. eurydera and thus is very likely just another exceptional Pseudomallada lacking a tignum. The fate of the genus name Apertochrysa depends on additional molecular and morphological analyses of A. umbrosa.
Two new species of Oxynoemacheilus from the Tigris drainage in Iraqi Kurdistan (Teleostei: Nemacheilidae)
Authors: FREYHOF JÖRG , ABDULLAH YOUNIS SABIR
Published: March 2017

Two new species of Oxynoemacheilus are described from the Sirvan River drainage in Iraqi Kurdistan. Oxynoemacheilus gyndes, new species, is distinguished by having a very short lateral line, reaching behind the pectoral-fin base, no scales except on the posteriormost part of the caudal peduncle, a slightly emarginate caudal fin and no suborbital groove in males. Oxynoemacheilus hanae, new species, is distinguished by having a midlateral row of elongated blotches, isolated patches of dark-brown spots or blotches on lower flank, a deeply emarginate caudal fin and a suborbital groove in males.
Description of Califorctenus (Cteninae, Ctenidae, Araneae), a new spider genus from Mexico
Authors: JIMENEZ MARÍA LUISA , BERRIAN JAMES EDWIN , POLOTOW DANIELE , PALACIOS-CARDIEL CARLOS
Published: March 2017

Califorctenus gen. nov. (Araneae: Ctenidae) a new genus and a new species (Califorctenus cacachilensis sp. nov.) from the Baja California Peninsula in Mexico are described and illustrated. Califorctenus gen. nov. can be diagnosed by the morphology of the male palp, with embolus cylindrical and elongated, locking lobes of embolus positioned retrolaterally and the cup-shaped and elongated median apophysis.
Persianorchestia, a new talitrid genus (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Talitridae) from Gulf of Oman, Iran
Authors: MOMTAZI FARZANEH , LOWRY JIM , HEKMATARA MARYAM
Published: March 2017

A new genus and species, Persianorchestia nirvana gen. et sp. nov., is described from the south coast of Iran along the Gulf of Oman. The new genus is characterized by large eyes, gnathopod 1 posterior margin of carpus and propodus each with lobe covered in palmate setae, smooth posterior margin on dactylus of male gnathopod 2, a slender dactylus on pereopod 5, uropod 1 outer ramus without marginal robust setae and with apical spear-shaped setae on the rami of uropods 1 and 2. Persianorchestia is most similar to Pseudorchestoidea Bousfield, 1982.
Weight and Veterans’ Environments Study (WAVES) I and II: Rationale, Methods, and Cohort Characteristics
Authors: Zenk Shannon N. , Tarlov Elizabeth , Powell Lisa M. , Wing Coady , Matthews Stephen A. , Slater Sandy , Gordon Howard S. , Berbaum Michael , Fitzgibbon Marian L.
Published: March 2017

Purpose:

To present the rationale, methods, and cohort characteristics for 2 complementary “big data” studies of residential environment contributions to body weight, metabolic risk, and weight management program participation and effectiveness.

Design:

Retrospective cohort.

Setting:

Continental United States.

Participants:

A total of 3 261 115 veterans who received Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) health care in 2009 to 2014, including 169 910 weight management program participants and a propensity score–derived comparison group.

Intervention:

The VA MOVE! weight management program, an evidence-based lifestyle intervention.

Measures:

Body mass index, metabolic risk measures, and MOVE! participation; residential environmental attributes (eg, food outlet availability and walkability); and MOVE! program characteristics.

Analysis:

Descriptive statistics presented on cohort characteristics and environments where they live.

Results:

Forty-four percent of men and 42.8% of women were obese, whereas 4.9% of men and 9.9% of women engaged in MOVE!. About half of the cohort had at least 1 supermarket within 1 mile of their home, whereas they averaged close to 4 convenience stores (3.6 for men, 3.9 for women) and 8 fast-food restaurants (7.9 for men, 8.2 for women). Forty-one percent of men and 38.6% of women did not have a park, and 35.5% of men and 31.3% of women did not have a commercial fitness facility within 1 mile.

Conclusion:

Drawing on a large nationwide cohort residing in diverse environments, these studies are poised to significantly inform policy and weight management program design.
Male Migration and ‘Left–behind’ Women
Authors: Ullah Ahsan AKM
Published: March 2017

Women have traditionally been at disadvantage in many countries in the world, due partly to the strong patriarchal tradition which often impinges the rights of women. Hence women’s empowerment is a major concern in the developing world and is emerging as an important indicator of the development of a society as well as the status of women. This article examines the impact of husbands’ migration on the lives of ‘left-behind’ women. The purpose of this research is to investigate how the ‘left-behind’ women turned around in the absence of their husbands and eventually how did they end up being empowered financially, socially and politically. This research analyzes left-behind women’s empowerment through three broad dimensions: resources, agency and achievements, specifically women’s autonomy and control over their lives; financial issues, and women’s political and labour force participation. This research selected 53 women from five countries in MENA (Middle East and North Africa) (Yemen = 6; Jordan = 11; Iraq = 7; Morocco = 9; Egypt = 12; Indonesia = 8) (through snow-ball technique) whose husbands left their countries at least 6 years back. This study shows that the impact of male migration on the ‘left-behind’ women is complex to investigate. Change in gender role has occurred due to men’s migration irrespective of countries of origin. Entire responsibility of taking care of the welfare of left-behind siblings and children has been on the shoulders of the wives. This is, however, not to argue that migration of their counterparts rejuvenated their potential. I rather argue that they successfully used their potential to be leaders in absence of their husbands, meaning that they enjoyed the freedom to make decisions, and that freedom has contributed to their being empowered positively. They eventually have experienced change in their freedoms in terms of decision making, mobility and participation in political activities.
Expression of microRNA let-7a positively correlates with hepatitis B virus replication in hepatocellular carcinoma tissues
Authors: Qiu Dongni , Chen Jian , Liu Jie , Luo Zhongguang , Jiang Weiru , Huang Jianping , Qiu Zhibing , Yue Wenjie , Wu Lijun
Published: March 2017

Let-7a miRNA is downregulated in various cancers. However, in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients infected with hepatitis B virus (HBV), the relationship between let-7a and HBV replication has not been fully elucidated. Liver specimens were collected from 23 HCC patients with chronically active HBV. The serum levels of the HBV antigens hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and hepatitis B virus e antigen (HBeAg), and the HBV antibodies, anti-HBs, anti-HBe and anti-hepatitis B core antigen (anti-HBc) were measured using the microparticle enzyme immunoassay. Let-7a levels and HBV DNA copy numbers were measured by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and analyzed statistically. A let-7a specific antisense oligonucleotide was introduced to the HBV-producing cell line HepG2.2.15 and a change in HBV DNA copy numbers was assessed by qRT-PCR. HCC patients with highly active HBV replication (>106 DNA copies/mL) showed higher levels of serum HBsAg and anti-HBc than patients with less active HBV replication (<103 DNA copies/mL). The level of let-7a was lower in malignant tissues than in adjacent normal tissues. However, patients with highly active HBV replication demonstrated a significantly higher level of let-7a in hepatocarcinoma tissue than patients with less active HBV replication ( P < 0.05). A higher level of let-7a was observed in the HBV-producing cell line HepG2.2.15 than in HepG2 cells ( P < 0.05), and let-7a down-regulation by antisense oligonucleotides led to a reduction in HBV DNA copy numbers ( P < 0.05), indicating a correlation between the let-7a level and HBV replication. Down-regulation of let-7a reduces HBV replication and could prevent the development of HCC, suggesting it could be an effective therapeutic treatment for HBV infection.

Impact statement

Although interferon and nucleic acid analogues effectively suppress HBV replication in HBV patients, there is no treatment which eradicates the virus. Moreover, the therapeutic effect can be reduced by virus mutations or drug resistance. Let-7a is a miRNA initially found in the nematode as a master regulator of developmental processes, but also exists in humans. It has been reported that the transcription of let-7a was much lower in HCC than in normal liver tissues and specific miRNA could directly promote virus replication. Therefore we hypothesized that transcription of let-7a promotes HBV replication, which might compromise the therapeutic effects of antivirus treatments. In our present study, we demonstrated a correlation between let-7a transcription and HBV replication in surgical specimens obtained from patients with HCC, as well as in HCC cell lines. Our finding might be the base for a new approach to improve HBV infection treatments in the future.
Rituximab exposure is influenced by baseline metabolic tumor volume and predicts outcome of DLBCL patients: a Lymphoma Study Association report
Authors: Tout Mira , Casasnovas Olivier , Meignan Michel , Lamy Thierry , Morschhauser Franck , Salles Gilles , Gyan Emmanuel , Haioun Corinne , Mercier Mélanie , Feugier Pierre , Boussetta Sami , Paintaud Gilles , Ternant David , Cartron Guillaume
Published: March 2017

Key Points

Rituximab exposure decreased as metabolic tumor volume increased, and correlated with metabolic response and survival. Rituximab dose could be individualized according to metabolic tumor volume to achieve optimal exposure and therefore optimal response.
A texture-based interpretation workflow with application to delineating salt domes
Authors: Shafiq Muhammad Amir , Wang Zhen , AlRegib Ghassan , Amin Asjad , Deriche Mohamed
Published: March 2017

We propose a texture-based interpretation workflow and apply it to delineate salt domes in 3D migrated seismic volumes. First, we compute an attribute map using a novel seismic attribute, 3D gradient of textures (3D-GoT), which measures the dissimilarity between neighboring cubes around each voxel in a seismic volume across the time or depth, crossline, and inline directions. To evaluate the texture dissimilarity, we introduce five 3D perceptual and nonperceptual dissimilarity functions. Second, we apply a global threshold on the 3D-GoT volume to yield a binary volume and demonstrate its effects on salt-dome delineation using objective evaluation measures such as receiver operating characteristic curves and the areas under the curves. Third, with an initial seed point selected inside the binary volume, we use a 3D region growing method to capture a salt body. For an automated 3D region growing, we adopt a tensor-based automatic seed point selection method. Finally, we apply morphological postprocessing to delineate the salt dome within the seismic volume. Furthermore, we also develop an objective evaluation measure based on the curvature and shape to compute the similarity between detected salt-dome boundaries and the reference interpreted by the geophysicist. Experimental results on a real data set from the North Sea show that the proposed method outperforms the state-of-the-art methods for salt-dome delineation.
Qualitative seismic attenuation parameter estimation based on prestack data in the continuous wavelet domain
Authors: Chen Wenchao , Wang Xiaokai , Wu Dan , Gao Lei , Gao Jinghuai
Published: March 2017

Because the seismic wave propagates through the subsurface, part of the elastic energy eventually ends up as heat energy. This phenomenon is known as absorption (or anelastic attenuation). The factors causing anelastic attenuation include fluid movement and grain boundary friction. The seismic quality factor ([Formula: see text]) quantifies the anelastic attenuation and is commonly used in assisting reservoir characterization. However, current [Formula: see text]-estimation approaches are mainly implemented on a poststack seismic volume. The [Formula: see text]-estimation approaches applied to poststack seismic data assume that the seismic data are normal incident reflections, and they do not consider the effect of the travel path on seismic attenuation. In theory, the attenuation degree of the low-frequency component should differ from the attenuation degree of the high-frequency component for large-offset seismic data. We have developed a method to qualitatively estimate seismic attenuation in the prestack seismic domain. A continuous wavelet transform is used to extract the low- and high-frequency components for the common-reflection point gathers. The difference between the amplitude of the low-frequency component and the amplitude of the high-frequency component is used to measure the seismic attenuation factor. We have determined the effectiveness of our method by applying it to synthetic and real seismic data.
Identification and distribution of fractures in the Zhangjiatan shale of the Mesozoic Yanchang Formation in Ordos Basin
Authors: Shi Hui , Luo Xiaorong , Xu Hui , Wang Xiangzeng , Zhang Lixia , Wang Qingchen , Lei Yuhong , Jiang Chengfu , Cheng Ming , Ma Shan
Published: March 2017

The natural fractures in mud or shale directly affect the quality and efficiency of shale gas reservoirs, and fracture identification and prediction play an important role in drilling shale gas wells and making plans for reservoir stimulation. We adopted ant tracking technology for 3D poststack reflective seismic waves to identify the size and distribution of high-angle structural fractures in the Zhangjiatan shale of the Yanchang Formation in the Ordos Basin, which is a typical continental shale. The parameters for ant tracking fractures are extracted from the investigation on outcrop, cores, and image logs. The prestack seismic diffractive wave imaging technique for the super-resolution identification of mid- and small-scale breakpoints can be used as the constraint conditions for ant tracking. The identified result of high-angle fractures was validated by the image logging and drilling gas logging results. The geologic and logging data indicate that the Zhangjiatan shale is mainly characterized by high-angle fractures and a smaller number of low-angle fractures. The fractures mainly trend in the near east–west direction, followed by the near north–south direction, and a small amount of fractures in the north–northeast and northwest–west directions. The average density of structural fractures is relatively low, but the cemented rate is only 15.7%, and most structural fractures maintain an open state. The identified and predicted structural fractures are mainly distributed in the southeast of well LP180 and south of well LP179. The higher gas shows from actual well drilling in shale directly correspond to the density and intensity of high-angle fractures rather than the matrix gas abundance in shale, which indicates that the sweet spot of gas production in shale is clearly controlled by structural fractures.
The Limits of Chemical Control in the Caribbean Sugar Factory
Authors: Singerman David Roth
Published: March 2017

Across the late-nineteenth-century Caribbean, sugar plantations were replaced by centralized industrial factories filled with sophisticated machines. Contemporary observers and later historians have credited those factories and machines with producing sugar of unprecedented purity and consistency. In doing so, they have written sugar's modern history as one of artisan skill replaced by automation. They have also accepted that sugar as a commodity inevitably approaches a sameness that only modern science can measure.

This essay argues that the notion that sugar is a globally uniform chemical commodity was equally the product of these factories, showing them to be sites of metrological struggles for control of the labor process. For centuries sugar production had depended on workers' multisensory skills; by claiming that pure sugar was a chemical, industrialists tried to delegitimize these artisans' knowledge and obscure its continuing importance. Far from being automatic, however, the production of chemically pure sugar now depended on the equally hidden work of chemists, whose form of knowledge cane farmers distrusted and turned to the state to regulate. By examining the construction of sugar's apparently universal metrology, this essay suggests how historians can expose the invisible skilled labor that turns nature's diversity into interchangeable goods.
The sphingosine rheostat is involved in the cnidarian heat stress response but not necessarily in bleaching
Authors: Kitchen Sheila A. , Weis Virginia M.
Published: March 2017

Sphingolipids play important roles in mitigating cellular heat and oxidative stress by altering membrane fluidity, receptor clustering and gene expression. Accumulation of signaling sphingolipids that comprise the sphingosine rheostat, pro-apoptotic sphingosine (Sph) and pro-survival sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), is key to determining cell fate. Reef-building corals and other symbiotic cnidarians living in shallow tropical waters can experience elevated seawater temperature and high UV irradiance, two stressors that are increasing in frequency and severity with climate change. In symbiotic cnidarians, these stressors disrupt the photosynthetic machinery of the endosymbiont and ultimately result in the collapse of the partnership (dysbiosis), known as cnidarian bleaching. In a previous study, exogenously applied sphingolipids altered heat-induced bleaching in the symbiotic anemone Aiptasia pallida, but endogenous regulation of these lipids is unknown. Here, we characterized the role of the rheostat in the cnidarian heat stress response (HSR) and in dysbiosis. Gene expression of rheostat enzymes sphingosine kinase (AP-SPHK) and S1P phosphatase (AP-SGPP), and concentrations of sphingolipids were quantified from anemones incubated at elevated temperatures. We observed a biphasic HSR in A. pallida. At early exposure, rheostat gene expression and lipid levels were suppressed while gene expression of a heat stress biomarker increased and 40% of symbionts were lost. After longer incubations at the highest temperature, AP-SGPP and then Sph levels both increased. These results indicate that the sphingosine rheostat in A. pallida does not participate in initiation of dysbiosis, but instead functions in the chronic response to prolonged heat stress that promotes host survival.
Modulation of upper limb joint work and power during sculling while ballasted with varying loads
Authors: Lauer Jessy , Rouard Annie Hélène , Vilas-Boas João Paulo
Published: March 2017

Human musculoskeletal system must modulate work and power output in response to substantial alterations in mechanical demands associated with different tasks. In water, particularly, upper limb muscles must perform net positive work to replace the energy lost against the dissipative fluid load. Where in the upper limb is work and power developed? Is mechanical output modulated similarly at all joints, or are certain muscle groups favored? For the first time, this study examined how work and power per stroke were distributed at the upper limb joints in seven male participants sculling while ballasted with 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12 kg. Upper limb kinematics was captured, and used to animate body virtual geometry. Net wrist, elbow and shoulder joint work and power were subsequently computed through a novel approach integrating unsteady numerical fluid flow simulations and inverse dynamics modeling. Across a threefold increase in load, total work and power significantly increased from 0.38±0.09 to 0.67±0.13 J kg−1, and 0.47±0.06 to 1.14±0.16 W kg−1, respectively. Shoulder and elbow equally supplied >97% of the upper limb total work and power, coherent with the proximo-distal gradient of work performance in the limbs of terrestrial animals. Individual joint relative contributions remained constant, as observed on land during tasks necessitating no net work. The apportionment of higher work and power simultaneously at all joints in water suggests a general motor strategy of power modulation consistent across physical environments, limbs and tasks, regardless of whether or not they demand positive net work.
The Great Escape? A Quantitative Evaluation of the Fed's Liquidity Facilities
Authors: Del Negro Marco , Eggertsson Gauti , Ferrero Andrea , Kiyotaki Nobuhiro
Published: March 2017

We introduce liquidity frictions into an otherwise standard DSGE model with nominal and real rigidities and ask: can a shock to the liquidity of private paper lead to a collapse in short-term nominal interest rates and a recession like the one associated with the 2008 US financial crisis? Once the nominal interest rate reaches the zero bound, what are the effects of interventions in which the government provides liquidity in exchange for illiquid private paper? We find that the effects of the liquidity shock can be large, and show some numerical examples in which the liquidity facilities of the Federal Reserve prevented a repeat of the Great Depression in the period 2008–2009. (JEL E13, E31, E43, E44, E52, E58, G01)
Inflation Dynamics during the Financial Crisis
Authors: Gilchrist Simon , Schoenle Raphael , Sim Jae , Zakrajšek Egon
Published: March 2017

Using a novel dataset, which merges good-level prices underlying the PPI with the respondents' balance sheets, we show that liquidity constrained firms increased prices in 2008, while their unconstrained counterparts cut prices. We develop a model in which firms face financial frictions while setting prices in customer markets. Financial distortions create an incentive for firms to raise prices in response to adverse financial or demand shocks. This reaction reflects the firms' decisions to preserve internal liquidity and avoid accessing external finance, factors that strengthen the countercyclical behavior of markups and attenuate the response of inflation to fluctuations in output. (JEL E31, E32, E44, G01, G32, L11)
TO THE ISSUE OF CASH FLOW MANAGEMENT TO MAKE EFFECTIVE ADMINISTRATIVE DECISIONS
Authors: Костоева  , Kostoeva A , Барахоева  , Barakhoeva M
Published: March 2017

The cash flow is a particular importance for the economic entity in the current economic crisis conditions. The cash management is carried out on the basis of economic calculation and schedule to determine the potential and enterprises, and partners in the near future. In connection with this, we proposed a clear regulation of internal and external conditions of functioning of the enterprise.
LEASING OF TECHNIQUE AS A TOOL FOR DEVELOPMENT OF AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION
Authors: Мухаметгалиев  , Mukhametgaliev Farit , Хисматуллин  , Khismatullin Marsel , Хисамов  , Khisamov R
Published: March 2017

The article is devoted to the development of agricultural production in terms of institutional reforms in the economy. The results of the reforms in the agricultural sector, the level of material and technical development of agricultural production were considered, the trends in the resource potential of agricultural producers were identified, measures to break the current negative state of the agrarian economy were suggested.
DISK SOWING APPARATUS FOR SEEDING SMALL-SEEDED CROPS
Authors: Овчинников  , Ovchinnikov V. , Овчинников  , Ovchinnikov D. , Чаткин  , Chatkin M.
Published: March 2017

The design of disk sowing apparatus for seeding small-seeded crops was developed, which provide uniform distribution of seed over the area with minimal power injury. The article presents the results of laboratory studiesof alfalfa seeding by experimental sowing apparatus.
THE ROLE OF EXOGENOUS FACTORS IN THE FOREST BIOTA FORMATION
Authors: Курбанова  , Kurbanova Saniya , Глушко  , Glushko Sergey , Прохоренко  , Prokhorenko Nina
Published: March 2017

Forest sites are formed in the interaction of heterogeneous components of biogeosystem. The increase or decrease of biological component in forest biogeosystems defines the different types of strategy with opposite characteristics, representing the different lines of adaptation (to the biological medium and abiotic environment). The manifestation of adaptive strategy requires appropriate tools, which are evolving on the basis of accumulated property (information capacity) and prevailing forest sites. Forest sites can be seen as an external “order” on the evolution of adaptations. Silvicultural properties of forest biological systems work enough in the interaction of different forms of matter (biological, abiotic), mapping out a hierarchy of biogeosystems. The information potential of forest biota interconnects different levels of systemic organization of forest biogeosystems. Further development of biogeocenology and the theory and ecosystems will allow to investigate the relationship of forest biota with exogenous forest-forming factors.
AFTEREFFECT OF VARIETIES AND HYBRIDS OF SPRING RAPE, GROWN ON DIFFERENT BACKGROUNDS OF MINERAL NUTRITION, ON SPRING WHEAT OF EKADA 70 VARIETY
Authors: Каримов  , Karimov Almaz , Сафиоллин  , Safiollin Faik , Миннуллин  , Minnullin Gennadiy
Published: March 2017

The article presents the results of scientific research on the aftereffects of spring rape on productivity and grain quality of spring wheat of Ekada 70 variety. Particular attention is paid to the nutrition background of the object and disclosed benefits of hybrid spring rape of Salsa variety, as a precursor to study the culture.
STRUCTURE OF AN ARTIFICIAL PINE STANDS IN THE FRESH SURAMEN OF THE KAMA REGION OF REPUBLIC OF TATARSTAN
Authors: Нуреева  , Nureeva Tatyana , Мифтахов  , Miftakhov Timur , Пуряев  , Puryaev Aynur
Published: March 2017

The article deals with the problem forest husbrandy of artificial pine forest, growing in rich, atypical for the Scots pine soil and environmental conditions. This question is particularly relevant for the Republic of Tatarstan, because there are large areas of pine forest plantations grow, and forest sites are represented mainly by heavy loamy and clayey soils. Thus, the purpose of the study was to evaluate the structure of artificial pine plantations growing under fresh surameney. The object of research was the plotted electronic database of forest and taxation indicators stands. The methodology of the study was consistent sorting and organizing raw data on the studied parameters. According to the research we revealed that plantations at the age of 31-50 years are dominated in the structure of artificial pine. According to participating the target type in the composition of shrub stands, the square of pure pine is dominated, linden participate in pine is 60-90%. Most pine forests are different by density of 0.7-0.8 relative units, but average density of older plantings is 0.6 and below. In conclusion it can be noted, that the most productive forest type within the TLU C2 are linden pines, which are mainly represented by Ia class of bonity and the stock more that 350 cubic meters per hectare at maturity. In the shrub pine forest management, it is necessary to give preference to mixed stands of hardwood with a share of 10-20% of the stock in the content. The main recommendations can be noted that the creation and cultivation of pine plantations in not peculiar to her circumstances fresh suremen, allows for intensive forest management.
SUSCEPTIBILITY OF VARIETIES AND FORMS OF APPLE TREES BY SCAB IN THE REPUBLIC OF TATARSTAN
Authors: Осипов  , Osipov Gennadiy
Published: March 2017

The evaluation of scab susceptibility of leaves of apple varieties and forms in the Republic of Tatarstan is given. The average variability of susceptibility among varieties of apple scab is determined. A weak positive correlation between scab susceptibility and hydrothermal coefficient for the summer is revealed. The share of influence on the variability of scab susceptibility genotype and conditions of the year, the interaction of the genotype with the conditions of the year are determined. A weakly susceptible to scab apple varieties and forms are highlighted. An apple varieties Antonovka vulgaris, Volzhskoe , Renet Povolzhya and Arcad tenkovsky for use in breeding as the original forms and in horticulture are recommended.
INFLUENCE EXTERNAL INFLUENCES ON THE ACCURACY OF TEMPERATURE CONCRETE FEATURES AND PERFORMANCE MEASUREMENT WITH INFRARED TECHNOLOGY IN THE AGING MONOLITHIC STRUCTURES
Authors: Антохин  , Antokhin Pavel , Дьяконов  , Dyakonov Igor
Published: March 2017

At the present stage of technological development, where low labor intensity are highly valued, high efficiency and representativeness of measurements, a convenient means of storing and processing information, the infrared (IR) thermometry recaptures more and more space. The exact definition of the concrete temperature (with an error of 1 °C or less, usually defined by the sensor) is extremely complicated: Instrumental errors superimposed on the error measurement method used, on the errors associated with the arrangement of the measurement sites, etc. In relative terms, the rates of heating-cooling, in the absolute, the range of allowed temperatures when exposed concrete such accuracy looks obviously excessive and unjustified technically and economically. Considering the IR technique as a means postroechnyh control the concrete temperature, and when performing measurements using its implementation should be tailored to suit the IR measurements and factors that can lead to significant measurement errors. Since these factors can greatly affect the measurement result. Reliability indirect MOTB (method of determining the temperature of the concrete) with pyrometers is achieved by using the calculated accurate according to a certain type of decks and compliance with the measurement rules to ensure the work of this relationship within the allowable range of accuracy.
FORMATION OF THE INNOVATIVE ENVIRONMENT BY KLASTERIATION OF THE CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY
Authors: Чижова  , Chizhova Elena , Веснина  , Vesnina Olga
Published: March 2017

Today creating favorable conditions for development of a construction industry is a key factor of its survival and a capability to reproduction. To become the participant of the internal and global markets for a construction complex means introduction of an essential contribution to competitiveness of national economy. Forming of the innovative environment becomes one of the directions of increase in innovative capacity of the entity and ensuring its success in competitive struggle. During the research it is established that as the advanced instrument of implementation of innovative approach in a construction industry consolidation in the clusters representing a complete economic organism acts. At the same time development of a cluster initiative is promoted by forming of relations and communications between elements of the innovative environment.
ELASTIC REFLECTION AND SCATTERING OF BOMBARDING ELECTRONS IN THE SURFACE REGION OF THE CRYSTAL
Authors: Федоренко  , Fedorenko Boris
Published: March 2017

The most effective way of modifying the material surface to provide the desired product properties (corrosion, wear, etc.) is a thin-film coating, such as vacuum ion-plasma covering. Coating properties are determined by the properties of the coating and substrate materials (underlayer substrate is the material to be coated). Coatings stability over time is determined, among other factors, by the compatibility of the coating and substrate materials for physical, crystal-chemical, chemical and other properties. In this regard, is necessary to research physical properties of materials, in particular, in the surface areas. In this paper we study the elastic reflection and scattering of bombarding electrons in the surface layers of the crystal in a classical setting.
OPTIMIZATION PROCESS OF PRODUCTION PLANNING METHOD OF THE EXPERIMENT
Authors: Серых  , Serykh Inna , Черноситова  , Chernositova Elena , Чернышева  , Chernysheva Elena , Воронцова  , Vorontsova Viktoriya
Published: March 2017

The results of the planning and implementation of a full factorial experiment on the selection of technological parameters of production special, providing the required values of fat.

The results of the regression analysis allow to identify and assess the influence of components on the fat content of the product process. Set values of technological parameters, allowing to obtain the desired value of the investigated parameter.
AN APPROACH TO PROCESS AUTOMATION OF SAPPHIRE SINGLE CRYSTALS SEEDING BY THE KYROPOULOS GROWTH TECHNIQUE
Authors: Кошлич  , Koshlich Yuriy , Белоусов  , Belousov Aleksandr , Гребеник  , Grebenik Artem
Published: March 2017

Nowadays sapphire production sphere is constantly increasing, which requires manufacturers of single crystal to further reduce production costs through the optimization of production costs, including improving the technological growth. The paper describes the main features of the technology of modern sapphire single crystals growing techniques and main directions of its modernization. It is highlighted the advantages and disadvantages of each techniques. The most interesting from an economic point of view, the method Kiropoulosus provides the possibility of growing crystals of the largest size, but, along with other methods, a number of drawbacks, the most important of which appears to the human impact on product quality. The paper describes an approach to the automation of the technique at the initial stage - the seeding process, that allows process repeatability, reducing the reject and increasing profitability of production.
Philosophical approach in interpretation of stationary modes of social systems
Authors: Гудкова  , Gudkova S. , Джумагалиева  , Dzhumagalieva L. , Еськов  , Eskov Valeriy , Хадарцев  , Khadartsev Aleksandr
Published: March 2017

The theory of chaos and self-organization presents three main reasons (social compartmentation – clusterization, constant «glimmering» of system state vector, teleology) that should be taken into consideration by complexity philosophy and instability. Modern dynamics of social and mental development of Russia is presented. There are discussed possible ways round the stationary quasi-attractor to teleological purpose – transition to knowledge-based synergetic postindustrial society. On this way three order parameters are detected for that 6th way of life should provide their steady progress, they include population, gross domestic product (its structure), quantity and quality of brainpower. These parameters arouse anxiety in the Russian Federation.
Administrative Permit System: Origin and Content of the Modern Concept
Authors: Nozdrachyev Alyeksandr
Published: March 2017

The authorization system is one of the most important administrative institutes of the Russian law and order. In article the concept, appointment and the basis of introduction of an authorization system is investigated; concept "administrative permission", its forms; classification and categorization of permissions is carried out; the fundamental principles of an authorization system and timely tendencies of its development come to light. Permission represents the individual administrative act adopted by authorized government body, carrying out functions in the allowing sphere within the provided competence, addressed to particular natural or legal entities - subjects of allowing legal relationship, and attracting their emergence, change or the termination. Permission can be accepted only during performance of the established allowing procedures with observance of a special form and according to Law requirements. For the solution of problems of ordering of an authorization system and improvement of law-enforcement practice author´s classification of permissions by functional criterion and their categorization by degree of danger of adjustable activity is offered. As a result of such classification the exhaustive list of permissions by types and categories can be created.
Improvement of Criminal Policy in the Field of Counteraction against Corruption in the Russian Federation
Authors: Musayelyan Marat
Published: March 2017

The article deals with the analysis of some topical problems, connected with the improvement of criminal policy in the sphere of counteraction against corruption in the Russian Federation and working up the concept and the features of corrupt crime, improvement of criminal legislation and practice in the mentioned sphere.
Anti-corruption Expertise of Documentation on Procurement of Goods, Works and Services for State Needs
Authors: Koryakin Viktor
Published: March 2017

The article views the problem of possibility and necessity of the organization and carrying out the anti-corruption examination of documentation for purchases of goods, works and services for the state needs is considered in the. The purpose of this examination consists in identification of corruptogenic factors in specified documentation, i.e. such provisions which can create conditions for emergence of the corruption relations, and in development of offers on their elimination. The description of the main corruptogenic factors in the documentation about purchases is given. They are: 1) discrepancy of the initial (maximum) price of purchased goods, works and services to the average market prices for this type or kind of goods, works and services; 2) the unreal time period provided by competitive documentation on delivery of goods, performance of work, rendering of services in the state contract; 3) overestimated requirements to participants of placement of the order, imposed for participation in competitive procedure; 4) excessive specification of the nomenclature of bought goods, works and services, requirements to the content of the performed works, provided services; 5) legal-linguistic uncertainty — the use in documentation about purchase of not settled, ambiguous terms and categories of estimated character. In the article the general methodological approaches to formation of a technique of anti-corruption examination of purchase documentation are formulated, ways of identification of all the designated corruptogenic factors are described. The following conclusions are drawn on complex nature of the anti-corruption examination: a) every document is exposed to the analysis in its interrelation with other documents which are a part of purchase documentation set; b) verification of tender documents should be focused not on some separate corruptogenic factor, but on their aggregate as they form close interconnection; c) the intended result of the introduction of anti-corruption examination of purchase documentation can be reached only if it is applied together with other means, forms and methods of anti-corruption activity. It is proved that the timely identification of corruptogenic factors and their elimination from competitive documentation is an important prophylactic way of the corruption prevention in the sphere of government procurements.
Issues of Formation of Jury Panel
Authors: Vladykina Tatyana
Published: March 2017

One of the fundamental problems of the effectiveness of criminal proceedings with jurors’ participation is the problem of the College of jurors’ formation. It is important to note that the unsolved this problem cannot provide the effectiveness of criminal proceedings with participation of jurors. The objective of this study is to establish the essential normative content of the mechanism of jury’s formation. Besides it deals with define the trends of its development and improvement. It must be admitted, that the application of the dialectical method of objective reality’s scientific cognition let to consider the stages of formation of the jury. Moreover, it was done fully, in correlation with other phenomena of social life and in according to its legal registration. This fact is connected with the distinction between the concepts of «preparing the preliminary list of jurors», «formation of the jury», «the preparatory part of the court trial». The analyzing date of the criminal procedure act recusals of jurors’ norms and its implementation in the judicial practice has allowed to conclude that the personal qualities of the speaker play an important role in the process of realization the citizens’ right of the Russian Federation to participate in the administration of justice. It is important to keep in mind that consideration these qualities could help to overcome a discussion about the correlation of rights, obligations and civil juror’s duties. The author used various methods of analysis to express and argue a number of his own positions, which reveal the «internal» technology of the court’s activities and of the parties to criminal proceedings for the resolution such a point as the allotment of jurors. The author worked on the basis of systematization of special literature in such a question as grounds and procedure of motivated and unmotivated branches of the jury’s applications. Moreover, he emphasized a significant contribution in the resolution of this question by the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation.
The commencement of the limitation period for the unjust enrichment claim: selected issues
Authors: Сергеев Александр , Sergeev Alexander , Терещенко Татьяна , Tereshchenko Tatiana
Published: March 2017

In this article the authors analyze the concept

of unjust enrichment and certain limitation period issues

about commencement of the limitation period in such a

case. Based on it, the practical application of the conclusions

is demonstrated.
Training for law students: innovational ap proaches due to new Russian educational system
Authors: Писарев Георгий , Pisarev Georgiy
Published: March 2017

Switching to a two-tiered training learning has established

a number of problematic issues. The author makes proposals on the

application of new teaching methods. Activization of the teaching

staff is needed for their implementation. The necessity of standardization

of the minimum content of the methodological support of

the master’s programs is substantiated.
«Space» of civil legislation as a problem of development of private law
Authors: Серова Ольга , Serova Olga
Published: March 2017

Monopolization and expansion of civil law has no clear

designation in science. But the problem of expanding of spatial boundaries

of private law does exist. Introduction of division of legal entities

and corporations unitary organization will have a serious impact on the

expansion of private law in the area of labor law. The author denotes

the problem of expanding forms of participation of the state in the sphere

of private law.
The problem of pecuniary nature of relation ships, included in the subject matter of civil law
Authors: Рузанова Валентина , Ruzanova Valentina
Published: March 2017

The article is dedicated to revealing the essence of pecuniary

relationships as part of the subject matter of civil law. Based on the

analysis of existing doctrinal approaches the author ascertains attributes

of these relationships and formulates their definition. The author reveals

connection of civil legal relationship (subjective civil rights) with the

subject matter of civil law, and for the first time in the literature it is

concluded that they have common classification criterion. In the text

the main groups of pecuniary relations regulated by different subbranches

and institutes of civil law are determined. It is noted that

civil forms of expression of pecuniary relationships are diverse.