bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Novel Approaches in Profiling in Museums
Authors: Gargiulo Roberta , Carignani Francesco
Published: May 2022

User profiling is a very important marketing strategy and should be a continuous and always updated activity as through profiling it is possible to get a perfect identikit of consumers, and this allows companies to know about their needs and undertake marketing strategies tailored to their tastes and habits. These considerations are ever more real in the cultural heritage sector: with an accurate profiling process, a personalization of the service can also be achieved in the museum context, with a communication strategy based on collaboration and adaptation between museum and visitor. The authors started from the analysis of the literature to build and propose an original managerial model for user profiling based on the joint analysis of four dimensions related to the topic (type, data collection tool, type of data collected, and levels of implementation). The findings emerged from the literature review, and the model was cross-referenced with the data relating to the MANN (National Archaeological Museum of Naples), the exploratory case study.
Museum Events
Authors: D'Auria Anna , Medina-Viruel Miguel Jesús
Published: May 2022

There has been a change in the way people access and enjoy culture. Faced with this reality, museums can no longer be just places where to store and exhibit art pieces, as they must follow the new trends and the new needs and expectations of visitors. In this vein, museums and cultural firms are starting to adopt new technologies for a variety of initiatives, not only to communicate with visitors or monitor their behavior during the visit, but also to involve them in more immersive initiatives and events. The chapter analyses the academic literature on the topic, aiming to offer a theoretical basis for future research on this subject. In addition, the chapter presents examples of museums adopting new technologies in special events to involve new categories of visitors and improve their offer and general performance.
Cultural Startups and the Challenge of Phygital Approaches
Authors: Greco Fabio
Published: May 2022

The digital transformation is also taking place in the cultural heritage sector. For it to be effective, there is a need for a structured innovation plan. At the same time, the cultural start-up phenomenon is also becoming increasingly popular among management scholars. The author will focus on the concept phygital, understood as the exploitation of technology to build a bridge between the physical and digital world, reconnecting it to the concept of cultural start-up with the aim of contributing to a reference literature that is not yet much robust. The analysis of the case studies of the selected cultural startups brings out that museums, event organizations, cultural tourism, and archaeological sites management companies are devising increasingly captivating formulas such as those “phygital.” Some theoretical implication include focus on the customer hyper-connected, assessment on increasingly close (sometimes symbiotic) relationship with technology, and, thanks to it, to live in two worlds at the same time, the physical one and the other digital.
Special issue: Research in child and adolescent psychotherapy
Authors: Steele Miriam , Speranza Anna Maria
Published: May 2022

Not available.
ILLUMINAZIONE: EVOLUZIONE TECNOLOGICA SOSTENIBILE TRA PASSATO, PRESENTE E FUTURO
Authors: Bossi Alberto
Published: May 2022

The concern about environmental problems, in recent years, greatly encouraged and fostered the development of innovative energy saving systems (lighting and sensors) and effective energy conversion devices using renewable sources (solar, geothermal, wind); those technologies are now largely employed both at industrial and domestic levels. This note illustrates the emblematic case of light manipulation and lighting systems. Artificial light, being often assumed for granted, do not only allow us to see and move in our surroundings, but it also helps us to interact with the environment and live better. It is truly considered a form of physical and mental well-being. After a brief historical overview on the lighting system evolution during the last 150 years, starting from the lamps developed by Edison, we will discuss the current revolution of the OLED (organic light emitting diodes) technology. Focusing on OLEDs perspectives and challenges, it will be highlighted the fundamental contribution given by the chemistry and the steering effect on the physics and engineering fields.
Chinese Studies on Informal Logic and Critical Thinking
Authors: Wu Hongzhi
Published: May 2022

This article traces the developmental trajectory of informal logic and critical thinking in mainland China. It surveys the current developmental situation relating to their curricula, the establishment of teaching material, translations of leading works in these fields, academic writings, dissertations, research organizations and so on. Furthermore, the present article particularly aims to cast some light on the important shifts of research trends in informal logic and critical thinking, from those being introduced from outside to those moving in the opposite direction. Finally, it will also address the currently existing inadequacies and expectations for the future development of these fields of study in China.
History as Parable
Authors: Jacoby Marcin
Published: May 2022

The paper presents an analysis of the persuasive use of the narrative in the Lüshi Chunqiu using approaches of rhetoric narratology and rhetorical criticism. Twenty-one narratives are identified as vehicles of indirect persuasion and put on the mimetic and thematic scales to show how their relation to reality and history corresponds to their rhetorical use in discourse. Three of those narratives, exhibiting typical traits of historical anecdotes, are analysed in detail in their original context, to prove their parabolic function. The author argues that parabolic use of the narrative, including fables and parables, but also anecdotes and historical anecdotes, forms an important part of the Warring States period tradition of political and philosophical discourse. The author further proposes to use the term “parabolic narrative” to describe all such instances of using narratives in indirect persuasion. These can be found not only in the Lüshi Chunqiu, but also in other important works of the period, such as Zhuangzi, Zhanguoce, or Han Feizi.
Chilean Asian Studies on Art
Authors: Maire Gonzalo
Published: May 2022

The following article seeks to inquire further into the rules of formation upon which Asia—or that which is considered Asian—is represented in Art, and particularly, in Chilean museal collections. In this delimitation, the Museum is described as a regime of subjectivation of the experience of otherness. Starting from this working thesis and distancing the matter from the category of Asian Studies—if understood as a network of objectifying enunciations on Asia emerging from academia and the state—the museum’s regime is conceptualized as the place of production of a universal subject that is linked to otherness from the perspective of sameness. Our investigation argues that museum subjectification is defined by the experience of that which is real (objects) as both text and context: in other words, curatorial documents. At its core, the present article proposes an alternate manner in which to approach Asian objects—both material and cultural—from the second half of the nineteenth century outside of the Museum’s regime (and museal studies) in Chile, focusing the interest of study particularly on Asian Collecting.
Premenstrual syndrome: consultation sources and the impact on women’s quality of life
Authors: M Jaber Ruba , O Alghzawi Asma , H Salameh Hadeel
Published: May 2022

Introduction: The main aim of this study was to explore the sources of consultation that women seek during premenstural syndrome (PMS), and to establish the association between the severity of PMS and how it affects the quality of life.

Methods: Cross sectional study of 179 female patients, using an Arabic validated version of the shortened premenstrual assessment form, and a 7-item quality of life questionnaire that was developed by the researchers. The questionnaire was tested for validity and reliability via a pilot study before the initiation of data collection. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 19.

Results: 179 women participated in the study, with more than half of them aged between 20-30 years old. PMS prevalence was 88%; patient’s predominantly sought help from their relatives (51%), followed by physicians (34%). There was no association found between the severity of premenstrual symptoms and seeking consultation. PMS symptoms affected women’s daily activities (p-value 0.039), their satisfaction with their general appearance (p-value 0.001) and weight (p-value 0.022), and affected their relationships with familymembers (p-value 0.001) and other people (p-value 0.002).

Conclusion: PMS is a common condition that affects women and their quality of life in several ways. Physicians and primary health care providers must be more vigilant in detecting the presence of PMS.

Keywords: Premenstrual syndrome; quality of life; consultation.
Menstrual hygiene management in public high schools in Ghana
Authors: Aseweh Abor Patience
Published: May 2022

In the ten (10) regions of Ghana. The findings showed that most girls in Public Senior High Schools in Ghana had prior knowledge about menstruation from their mothers and sisters prior to menarche. It was revealed that majority of the girls mentioned hormones as the cause of menstruation, whilst others mentioned the uterus, bladder, vagina, and other parts of the female reproductive system. A few of them had no idea what causes menstruation. The findings again revealed that most girls use sanitary pads, while some use other materials during menstruation. Less than half of the sample of girls in this study were able to change their pads twice daily or more. About half of the girls cleansed their genital parts only when bathing during menstruation using soup and water mostly. Half of the schools used pblic tap/standpipe as their main source of water and the rest used other sources of water. Also, most schools have toilet facilities.Some useful recommendations are proffered with the aim of improving MHM in public high schools in Ghana.
Identification of HPV16’s E6 gene in suspected cases of cervical lesions and docking study of its L1 protein with active components of Echinacea purpurae
Authors: Lukman Yusuf , A Bala Doro , I Malik Kabir , Saidu Abdulkadir , A Saleh Kumurya , J Abubakar Bala , I Abubakar Aliyu
Published: May 2022

Background: HPV 16 is the primary etiologic agent of cervical cancer and the presence of L1 and E6 oncoproteins are largely responsible for its virulence. It was the objective of this study to identify HPV16 isolates from suspected cases of cervical cancer at Specialist Hospital Sokoto and Sir Yahaya Memorail Hospiatal Birnin Kebbi, Nigeria and also to identifypotent HPV16’s L1 protein inhibitor using in silico analysis.

Methods: A total of 144 cervical samples consisting of 21 low grade squamous intraepithelial lesion, 6 high grade lesion and 117 negative pap smears were collected. The samples were subjected for molecular detection using PCR targeting E6 gene of the virus. Data generated for the molecular prevalence was statistically analyzed using Chi-square method. AutoDock Vina was used to carry out the molecular docking between 2hr5 and Chicoric acid, curcumin and Echinacoside.

Results: Out of the 144 samples, 24 samples were positive for the PCR representing 16.9% molecular prevalence rate. There is statistically significant association between cyto-diagnoses and presence of HPV16 (P < 0.05). Docking analysis showed that the Chicoric acid components of Echinacea purpurae have strong binding affinity (-8.7 kcal/mol) to the L1 protein of the HPV.

Conclusion: This study provides data on HPV 16 epidemiology in northern Nigeria, and also provides novel evidence for consideration on certain interacting residues, when synthesizing Anti-HPV compounds in the wet lab.

Keywords: HPV; Echinacea purpurae; chicoric acid; echinacoside; curcumin.
Evaluation of definitive histopathological results of patients diagnosed with endometrial polyps: a tertiary care center experience
Authors: Gündüz Reyhan , Ağaçayak Elif , Okutucu Gülcan , Alabalik Ulaş , Sıddık Evsen Mehmet
Published: May 2022

Objectives: To determine the premalignancy and malignancy prevalence in patients diagnosed with endometrial polyps and to investigate factors affecting premalignancy and malignancy.

Methods: In our retrospective study, patients who were diagnosed with endometrial polyp with endometrial samples and who underwent polypectomy by hysteroscopy or hysterectomy within one year were included.

Results: Premalignant / malignant histopathological results were detected in 7 (2.8%) patients. There were no statistically significant differences in histopathological results and endometrial sampling indications between premenopausal and postmenopausal patients. Hysterectomy in patients with premalignant/ malignant results and hysteroscopy in patients with benign results were found to be significantly different. There was not a statistically significant difference between patients with benign results and those with premalignant/malignant results in menopausal status, symptoms, status of hormone replacement therapy and endometrial polyp size.

Conclusion: The possibility of premalignant/ malignant results in patients diagnosed with endometrial polyps should be kept in mind. The menopausal status, symptoms, sizes of endometrial polyps and whether or not the patient is on hormone replacement therapy should be considered while making the management plan. However, these should not be the decisive factors on their own.

Keywords: Endometrial polyp; premalignancy; malignancy; hysteroscopy; hysterectomy; endometrial sampling.
Endometriosis in an indigenous African women population
Authors: Ohayi Samuel , Onyishi Nnaemeka , Mbah Sunday
Published: May 2022

Introduction: Endometriosis is the existence of endometrial tissue outside the endometrial cavity. It has high prevalence in women living in developed countries but is believed to be rare among indigenous African women.Objectives: This study aimed to determine the prevalence and characteristics of endometriosis in an indigenous African women population.

Methods: Gynaecological specimens received and diagnosed as endometriosis in a teaching hospital’s Histopathology laboratory over a 5-year period was retrospectively reviewed. Data obtained were analysed by simple statistical methods.

Results: There were 25 diagnosed cases of endometriosis representing 0.9% of gynaecological specimens received in the period. Patients’ average age is 38.4±8.4 years; peak age was 31- 40 years (n=10; 40%). Myometrium is the most common site (n=16; 64%), other sites include umbilicus and round ligament etc. Pelvic pain, 36% and irregular uterine bleeding, 28% are most common symptoms. There was primary and secondary infertility in 20% and 16% of cases respectively. The umbilical and suprapubic masses had symptoms that synchronised with the patient’s menstrual cycle.

Conclusion: Endometriosis has low prevalence in our population. Women presenting with chronic pelvic pain, infertility and menstrual disorders should be evaluated for endometriosis. Population-based study is required to further characterize the condition in our population.

Keywords: Endometriosis; indigenous African women; endometrial tissue; chronic pelvic pain; infertility; abnormal uterine bleeding.
Determinants of female condom use among female tertiary students in the Hohoe Municipality of Ghana using the Health Belief Model
Authors: Amevor Enyonam , Tarkang Elvis
Published: May 2022

Background: Besides abstinence, the condom has proven to be the only effective method of preventing sexually transmitted infections (STIs), including HIV/AIDS. This study investigated the determinants of female condom (FC) use among female tertiary students in the Hohoe Municipality, Ghana using the Health Belief Model (HBM).

Methods: A cross-sectional design was adopted. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire in January 2019 and analysed using STATA version 14.0. Logistic regression was used to measure the strength of associations between the dependent and independent variables. A p-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results: The overall utilisation of the FC was 35.0%. Among the constructs of the HBM, it was perceived self-efficacy for FC use that was significantly associated with FC use: respondents who had the confidence to convince their partners to use the FC were 2 times more likely to use it than respondents who did not [AOR =2.15(CI: 1.26, 3.71); p= 0.005].

Conclusion: Female students in the current study exhibited poor utilization of the FC. Health promotion interventions should, therefore, focus on increasing their self-efficacy for FC use.

Keywords: Female condom use; Health Belief Model; Female tertiary students; Hohoe; Ghana.
Feto-maternal outcomes of caesarean delivery in Federal Medical Centre, Asaba: a two year review
Authors: Jombo Sunday , Ossai Chukwuma , Onwusulu Daniel , Ilikannu Samuel , Fagbemi Adeniyi
Published: May 2022

Background: The upward trend of caesarean section and its associated morbidity/mortality especially in low and middle income areas makes regular appraisal of the procedure necessary.

Objective: To evaluate caesarean section; its rate, indications, and maternal and fetal outcomes in Asaba.

Methods: A retrospective study of all caesarean sections carried out at the obstetrics unit of the Federal Medical Centre, Asaba, between July 1, 2018 and June 31, 2020. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 20.

Results: There were 2778 deliveries during the period, out of which 705 had caesarean sections, giving an overall caesarean section rate of 25.4%.There were 456 (64.7%) emergency caesarean sections. The commonest indication for caesarean section was repeat caesarean section 196 (27.8%), while cephalo-pelvic disproportion 87 (12.3%) was the commonest indication for emergency caesarean section. Majority of the babies had low APGAR score at 1min and 5mins, 126 (27.6%) and 50 (11.0%) from emergency than elective caesarean section 16 (6.4%) and 5 (2.0%) at 1min and 5mins respectively (x2=17.963, P<0.001). There were 31 (4.2%) perinatal deaths out of which majority 28 (6.1%) were from emergency caesarean sections (x2=9.412 P=0.002). The commonest post-operative complication was postpartum anaemia (140 (19.9%) while caesarean section case fatality was 0.6%.

Conclusion: This study showed a caesarean section rate of 25.4% with repeat caesarean section and Cephalopelvic disproportion being the most common indication for elective and emergency caesarean section respectively. Emergency caesarean section accounted for most of the cases and is associated with a higher risk of maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality.

Keywords: Caesarean section; caesarean section rate; maternal; fetal outcomes.
Multiple uterine perforations during manual vacuum aspiration: the need to increase the clinical awareness of attending healthcare professionals
Authors: C Ngene Nnabuike
Published: May 2022

Background: The risk of uterine perforation during manual vacuum aspiration (MVA) is reduced by using Karman cannula (which has a rounded tip) during the procedure.

Methods: A 35-year-old multigravida at 13 gestational weeks presented with vaginal bleeding of a day duration and ultrasound evidence of retained products of conception suggestive of incomplete miscarriage. The patient was rhesus D positive and stable. She had MVA which was performed using Karman cannula, and developed severe vaginal bleeding. The differential diagnoses were incomplete uterine evacuation and uterine perforation.

Results: During a laparotomy in Lloyd-Davies position, haemoperitoneum and six uterine perforations on the anterior and fundal parts, each approximately 5 mm in length (Figure 1), were found. The perforations were repaired and a check uterine curettage under oxytocic cover showed an empty uterus. The abdominal cavity was washed and closed. She was transfused three units of red blood cell concentrate and had a normal six weeks follow-up.

Conclusion: When an instrument inserted into the uterus is pushed beyond the estimated depth of the uterus, a perforation must be suspected and the condition may be managed conservatively. A surgical procedure complicated by surgeon’s loss of perception (in this case tactile) of tissues’ anatomy is hazardous.

Keywords: Image of uterine perforation; manual vacuum aspiration; uterine sounding.
Musculocutaneous and median nerve branching: anatomical variations. Case Series from UR clinical anatomy and literature review
Authors: Kubwimana Olivier , Ndata Albert , Ivang Andrew , Ndahimana Paul , Nzayisenga Albert , Claude Byiringiro Jean , Gashegu Julien
Published: May 2022

Introduction: The brachial plexus is highly variable, which is a well-known anatomical fact. Repeated observations on anatomical variations, however, constitute current trends in anatomical research.

Case series: In an anatomical dissection course, three uncommon variations in the brachial plexus were identified in three young adults’ cadavers. In one case, the musculocutaneous nerve gave a branch to the median nerve, while the median nerve gave or received musculocutaneous branches in the two remaining corpses.

Conclusion: Anatomical variations of the brachial plexus do occur in our setting. The cases we presented are about anatomical variations of branching patterns of the median and musculocutaneous nerves. Knowledge of those variations is essential for surgery and regional anesthesia of the upper limbs.

Keywords: Anatomical variations; brachial plexus; median nerve; musculocutaneous nerve; upper limb.
Assessing the protective effect of Crassocephalum vitellinum against Rifampicin- induced hepatotoxicity in Wistar rats
Authors: Kiyimba Kenedy , Tiyo Ayikobua Emmanuel , Chans Mwandah Daniel , Baker Obakiro Samuel
Published: May 2022

Background: Crassocephalum vitellinum is widely used by traditional medical practitioners and local people in East Africa to manage a large number of ailments including hepatitis 1. However, its hepatoprotective effects had not been evaluated prior to this study. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of an ethanolic leaf extract of Crassocephalum vitellinum against rifampicin-induced liver toxicity in Wistar rats.

Methods: Increasing doses of an ethanolic leaf extract of C. vitellinum were administered to Wistar rats daily for 35 days, together with rifampicin given orally as suspension. After the treatment period, Assessment of hepatoprotective activity was done by analysis of serum levels of biochemical and histopathological effects on the liver.

Results: The results showed that administration of C. vitellinum extract significantly prevented drug- induced increase in serum levels of liver biomarker enzymes and also decreased the hepatocellular necrosis and inflammatory cells infiltration.Conclusion: The plant extract loweres the liver biomarker enzymes (ALT, ALP, AST) and preserves the histomorphology of the hepatocytes which is suggestive that the plant possess hepatoprotective properties.

Keywords: Crassocephalum vitellinum; antitubercular drugs; drug-induced hepatotoxicity; hepatoprotective agents.
Mechanical vestibular stimulation versus traditional balance exercises in children with Down syndrome
Authors: Nahla M Ibrahim , Elham El-Sayed Salem , Ehab Ragaa Abd-Elraouf , Amr Abd El Ghafar Abd El hamid
Published: May 2022

Background: regaining balance control is the key to decrease risk of falls in children with Down syndrome.

Objectives: To compare between the effect of mechanical vestibular stimulation and balance exercises on balance in children with Down syndrome.

Methods: Thirty children participated in the study. They were divided randomly and equally into; group A and group B, both groups received the designed program with regular balance exercises for group A and mechanical vestibular stimulation for group B, treatment was conducted for one hour 3 times per week for 3 successive months. Balance as stability indexes (regarding anteroposterior, mediolateral and over all stability indexes) was evaluated before and after treatment by Biodex balance system.

Results: T-test was conducted to compare the mean values of stability indexes between groups. Non-significant difference between groups was recorded before treatment (p value > 0.05), while improvement was recorded when comparing post and pretreatment results for both groups (p > 0.0001). More significant improvement was recorded for group B when comparing the post treatment results with group A (p > 0.05).

Conclusion: Mechanical vestibular stimulation is better added to the rehabilitation program to improve balance in children with Down syndrome.

Keywords: Balance exercises; down syndrome; mechanical vestibular stimulation.
Predictors of non-adherence to medication and time to default from treatment on HIV infected patients under HAART: a comparison of joint and separate models
Authors: Bitew Abebe Koyachew , Seyoum Tegegne Awoke
Published: May 2022

Back ground: Ethiopia is one of the Sub-Saharan Africa with the highest number of people living with HIV. Amhara region is one of the regions in the country in which many people are under medication. The main objective of this research was to identify significant predictors of non-adherence to medication and time to default from treatment for HIV infected patients under HAART.

Methods: A retrospective secondary data were obtained from a random sample of 220 HIV patients under HAART. Separate and joint modeling approaches were conducted in data analysis. Joint modeling was conducted for analysis of non-adherence to medication and the time to default from treatment. In the joint model, a GLMM and Cox PH sub-models were fit together for non-adherence to medication and time to default from treatment.

Results: The significant predictors for the variables of interests in current investigation were length of visiting time(AOR of 95% CI=0.866 (0.752, 0.997), female patients(AOR of 95% CI= 0.219 (0.067, 0.717)), patients disclosed the disease(AOR of 95% CI= 0.353 (0.194,0.641)), patients who got social support(AOR of 95% CI= 0.252 (0.194,0.631)), patients living with parter(AOR of 95% CI=0.188 (0.042,0.844)), patients with owner of cell phone(AOR of 95%CI= 0.272 (0.081,0.916)), urban HIV patients(AOR of 94%CI= 0.238 (0.078,0.722)), patients with working functional status(AOR of 95% CI= 0.234 (0.079,0.692)), patients with normal BMI(AOR of 95% CI=0.921 (0.881, 0.963)), patients with high baseline CD4 cell count(AOR of 95% CI=0.873 (0.552, 0.997)).

Conclusion: Some groups of HIV patients were non-adherent to medication and defaulted from treatment. Health related education is recommended for non-adherent patients to be adherent for the prescribed medication and live long in the treatment.

Keywords: Non-adherence; separate model; joint model; time to default; HAART.
Detection of tem-1 and class-1 integrons in multidrug resistant uropathogens from HIV patients with asymptomatic bacteriuria in a Tertiary Care Hospital, SouthWest Nigeria
Authors: Ajala Olubisi , Odetoyin Babatunde , Owojuyigbe Temilola , Onanuga Adebola
Published: May 2022

Background: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected individuals are at increased risk of asymptomatic bacteriuria (ASB) due to immune suppression. The increasing resistance of uropathogens necessitates the need for regular monitoring of their profile to reduce drug resistance.

Objectives: We determined the prevalence of ASB and the characteristics of antibiotic-resistant uropathogens isolated from HIV patients.

Methods: Mid-stream urine samples from 100 HIV positive and 100 HIV negative healthy individuals were cultured for significant bacteriuria. The isolates were identified by standard techniques and their susceptibility patterns determined by the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion technique. All the Gram-negative isolates were screened for ESBL production by combined disc method, ESBL genes and class 1 integrons by Polymerase chain reaction.

Results: Nine (9%) HIV positive individuals and 4 (4%) healthy individuals had ASB yielding a total of 13 (6.5%) uropathogens dominated by Escherichia coli (53.9%). All isolates were multidrug resistant. Five isolates harboured both the blaTEM-1 gene and class 1integrons while Serratia liquefaciens produced ampC.

Conclusion: There is a higher burden of ASB characterized by multi-drug resistant uropathogens among HIV patients. Thus emphasizing the need for continuous resistance surveillance and antibiotic stewardship in our environment to reduce drug resistance and prevent treatment failure.

Keywords: Antimicrobial resistance; TEM 1; asymptomatic bacteriuria; HIV; uropathogens; Class 1 integrons.
Frequencies and ethnic distribution of ABO and RhD blood groups in the Volta region of Ghana, towards effective blood bank services
Authors: N Doku George , K Agbozo William , A Annor Rabia , E Mawudzro Priscilla , E Agbeli Elizabeth
Published: May 2022

Background: Blood is an essential body fluid for the transport of substances to all parts of the body. Knowledge of blood group distribution within any population is important in determining the direction of blood bank inventory for emergency blood services.

Objective: We report for the first time the blood group distribution pattern for the Volta region of Ghana.

Method: Data were extracted and analyzed from 14,360 medical records of blood donors and recipients at seven major hospitals within the Volta region for a period of seven years (2012 to 2018)

Results: ABO distribution within the region was 46.3%, 18.9%, 24.4%, 3.1%, 4.4%, 1.7%, 1.3% and 0.1% for O+, A+, B+, AB+, O-, A-, B- and AB- blood groups respectively. Rh (D)+ to Rh (D)- ratio was 92.5/7.5% respectively. Blood group O+ (>35 %) was highest in all ethnic groups in the region.

Conclusion: Healthcare facilities in the region should adopt a strategy to stock-pile sufficient O+ blood which is the prevalent blood group in the region. All types of blood groups were reported hence our findings should provide information to guide clinical practice and/or blood transfusion services in the region.

Keywords: ABO and RhD blood groups; Volta region of Ghana; towards effective blood bank services.
A Study of Female Genital Mutilation of African-Descent Iranians in Qeshm Island
Authors: Amirbahram Arabahmadi
Published: May 2022

Background: This article investigates the practice of female genital mutilation (FGM) as a long-held custom in Qeshm Island, which makes many African-descended women face different physical and psychological health problems.

Objective: To investigate the prevalence of female genital mutilation in Qeshm Island and the traditional mode of thinking of Afro-Iranian people of the Island about this practice.

Methods: This study is based on the descriptive analysis method. The questions of the study are (a) Why female genital mutilation is still practiced in Qeshm Island; (b) What are the mental and physical effects of female genital mutilation on women; and (c) How government or NGOs are fighting against this tradition.

The results: This article has found out that female genital mutilation resulted in many lifelong diseases and sexual degradation in African-descended women of Qeshm Island. This article also illustrates that the best way to combat this wrong tradition is to inform people by gradual training without any insult to their beliefs.Conclusion: This study reveals the prevalence of a false tradition and the necessity of behavioral change. In doing so, the government and NGOs' strong actions and attracting the support of the community elders are also needed.

Keywords: Female Genital Mutilation; Gender Discrimination; Human Rights violation; NGOs' Campaign; Qeshm Island.
Investigation of the Effects of Some Statistical Data Components on the Selection of Optimum Smoothing Constant
Authors: Idris Musibaudeen O. , Adeboye Busayo S. , Kareem Buliaminu , Enwerem Godwin C. , Adekanye Selimot A.
Published: May 2022

Simple exponential smoothing is one of the best forecast methods, especially for time series data. Its efficacy depends on a parameter called smoothing constant (α) which, if optimally determined, minimises the mean square error (MSE), the mean absolute error (MAE) and the mean absolute percentage error (MAPE). The widely used method for selecting the optimum smoothing constant is to conduct a grid search within a wide range of possible values of α using the trial-and-error method. Not only that this method involves the knowledge of advanced statistical processes, but it is also time-consuming, and its results are limited to the data being analysed. In order to eliminate these limitations, there is a need to develop a benchmark that will guide the users of simple exponential smoothing to select the optimum α without necessarily repeating the trial-and-error method once a value has been established for data of similar statistical components. This study investigated some statistical components (mean, standard deviation, range, number of observations and pattern) of data to determine which components could aid in the quick and easy determination of optimum smoothing constant. The study determined the optimum smoothing constants for 16 different data of varying statistical components, and found that mean, standard deviation, range and the number of data observations are not related to the optimum smoothing constants. However, the demand pattern is an excellent precursor to determining the optimum smoothing constant. The study recommends further study in developing a classification model for demand patterns in job shops.

Keywords: Simple exponential smoothing; optimum smoothing constant; trial and error; demand pattern; number of observations.
Effects of Neem Aqueous Extract (Azadirachta indica) against Aphids and Aphid-borne Virus in Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp)
Authors: Kareem Kehinde T. , Olayinka Rachael B. , Ugwu Juliana A. , Oduwaye Olubusola F.
Published: May 2022

Pests and diseases are among the major factors limiting plant growth and yields. Pests are known vectors of pathogens including viruses. Proper management of plant pests is an indirect means of controlling viral diseases in plants. This study aimed at comparing the potential of neem extract and a synthetic insecticide (lambda cyhalothrin) for the management of aphids and Cowpea aphid-borne mosaic virus (CABMV) in five different cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) genotypes and to determine the residual effects of the insecticide in the cowpea grains. The experimental field was laid out in randomized complete block design with three replicates. Treatments included; spraying of cowpea plots with aqueous neem extract and lambda cyhalothrin (LC) twice at foliage stage, once at flowering and podding stages. Control plots were left unsprayed. Data were obtained on growth and yields of cowpea genotypes as well as the pest and virus disease traits. Results of the Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) revealed that variations attributable to genotypes were significant (p ≤ 0.01) for cowpea yields and virus disease traits. Treatments applied influenced the occurrence of pests and virus diseases. Neem extract reduced aphid infestations and virus diseases as much as the insecticide. Ife BPC accumulated a very high level of LC (1.14 ppm) in its grain when compared with the maximum residue level (MRL) for lambda cyalothrin in cowpea seeds. The study concludes that the use of eco-friendly bio-pesticide such as neem aqueous extract is effective for the management of aphids and aphid-borne virus in cowpea fields.

Keywords: Aphids; aqueous extract; cowpea; neem; pesticide; virus
Clinical and sex-therapeutic interventions based on the mobile application S-ON in patients with sexual dysfunction
Authors: Delcea Cristian
Published: May 2022

S-ON is an online sex therapy and a modern method of clinical intervention for sexual and couple life optimization as well as for female and male sexual dysfunctions treatment. S-ON is an important tool in sexual disorders evaluation, testing and resolution. At the same time, this technique has proven effective in sex education as well as in interactions with other long-distance sexual partners, with the help of the internet, software and advanced technology. In short, the S-ON method we propose in treating sexual dysfunctions and in optimizing intimate and couples' lives is advanced, scientifically validated and readily available to anyone.
Keywords: sexual dysfunction, S-ON, sex-therapy.
Derechos y garantías de los cursantes de estudios de postgrado en las áreas de las Ciencias de la Salud en Venezuela
Authors: Guzmán Toro Fernando
Published: May 2022

El artículo está orientado al análisis de los elementos que configuran el régimen jurídico de los Estudios de Postgrado o Estudios de Cuarto Nivel en Ciencias de la Salud, y los derechos y garantías que pueden ser vulnerados en el ejercicio de sus funciones administrativas, docentes y asistenciales. Se procedió a un análisis crítico-hermenéutico de un total de 16 sentencias vinculadas con los Postgrados en Ciencias de la Salud, con un predominio de las especialidades quirúrgicas (68.75%). El acto administrativo más frecuentemente impugnado fue la desincorporación de la especialidad (75%), y entre la objeción más frecuente al acto administrativo fue la ausencia de respeto al debido proceso y el derecho a la defensa (25%). Los recursos más frecuentes para impugnar el acto administrativo, fueron: el recurso administrativo de nulidad conjuntamente con amparo cautelar (50%) y el amparo cautelar (37.5%), que fue admitido en el 31.25% de los casos evaluados.
Escala de suicidalidad: Evidencias psicométricas en adolescentes peruanos
Authors: Baños-Chaparro Jonatan , Reyes-Arquiñego Melisa
Published: May 2022

Estudio cuantitativo, descriptivo y transversal, cuyo objetivo fue analizar las fuentes de evidencias de validez de la Escala de Suicidalidad (ES) en adolescentes peruanos. Participaron 319 adolescentes residentes de la provincia de Ica – Perú, que respondieron la ES de manera virtual. En los análisis estadísticos se aplicó el Modelamiento de Ecuaciones Estructurales (MEE) y Teoría de Respuesta al Ítem (TRI). Resultados: el 21% indicó que tuvo pensamientos de suicidio durante la primera ola de la Covid-19. Asimismo, la ES evidencia una estructura unidimensional (CFI = .99, RMSEA = .05 [IC del 90%: .00-.13], SRMR = .02), aceptable confiabilidad (ω = .87 y H = .96), adecuados valores de parámetros (α y β) e información del rasgo latente (Ɵ), siendo útil en personas con niveles altos de suicidalidad. Por lo tanto, la ES demuestra ser un instrumento confiable, accesible y práctico para evaluar la suicidalidad en adolescentes peruanos.
Omicron: The new variant of concern needs preparedness, not panic
Authors: Kishore Surekha , Venkatesh U
Published: May 2022

SARS-CoV-2 continues to be a Public Health Emergency of International Concern. On November 26, the World Health Organization (WHO) labeled the omicron type as a covid-19 variant of concern, prompting travel restrictions, a rush to accelerate booster immunization programmes, and new attempts to address vaccination disparities. According to the WHO, omicron is a "very high" concern throughout the world, and preliminary research indicates that it may be a more transmissible type, leading to infection surges (1,2). The Indian government keeps a close eye on the issue and gives appropriate guidelines as needed.
Omicron threat will depend on its transmissibility, Virulence, and capacity to evade immunity in those previously vaccinated or infected. Even if the disease is milder, the rapid onslaught of the virus could overwhelm health care systems (doubling time of 2.5 days means 50X increase in 2 weeks) (3). We should ensure mitigation plans are in place to maintain essential health services and that necessary resources are in place to respond to potential surges.
Impact of Training on Awareness of COVID-19 among The Health Care Workers in A Tertiary Care Hospital of Dehradun
Authors: Naz Fouzia , Ohri Puneet , Sharma Ashwani , Spandana B Sudha , Gupta Kajal
Published: May 2022

Background: Novel Corona virus infection (Covid-19) was declared global pandemic by WHO infecting more than 118,000 cases in 114 countries and the number of deaths counting to 4291. WHO recommends the only strategy to limit the spread of Corona virus is only by prevention itself. Aim and Objective: To assess the awareness among Health Care Workers on covid-19 infection. To compare the level of knowledge among the study participants and To assess the impact of training about the knowledge on covid-19 control. Material and methods: The study was conducted by the Research team of Community Medicine Department, SGRRIM&HS, Dehradun between 1st October to 31st December 2020. Self-administered, pre-tested questionnaire was used to assess the knowledge and awareness among health care workers. Data collected and analysed using SPSS software for different parameters. Result: A total of 421 health care workers participated in the present study. Majority of the study participants were female with 346 (82.2%) while 75 (17.8%) of them were male. Independent t-test was used to compare pre and post test values with Socio-demographic profile, designation, and work place of the respondents. Conclusion: Improvement in the knowledge and awareness among health care workers was observed post training.
Myths and misbelieves regarding COVID vaccines in India
Authors: Mishra Abhishek , Tanveer Bano  , Mittal Chhaya , Singh Ganesh , Verma Niharika , Kumar Arun
Published: May 2022

Background: - COVID-19 is the most important public health problem of recent time. Many people require hospitalization after infection. COVID vaccination is the most effective way to prevent the disease. Due to extensive negative publicity through social media channels/platforms,significant number of individuals are not coming forward for vaccination. Therefore, study is needed to evaluate adverse effects associated with different vaccines available in India. Objectives: - To assess the adverse effects associated with COVID-19 vaccination and compare the side effect of two most commonly used COVID vaccines in India. Methods:- In the current report, a cross sectional study was conducted among beneficiaries of COVID-19 vaccines at the vaccination center of the LLRM Medical college, India. After institutional ethical clearance and informed consent, patients were asked about the symptoms they experienced after vaccination. A very simple random sampling approach was used to select beneficiaries. Information was collected on predesigned Google form and total 391 patients submitted the responses. Results:- Out of total respondents 77 % individuals reported one or more symptoms. Fever was reported to be most common problem (59.3%) followed by body ache (57.5%). Out of total beneficiaries, 68.3% experienced mild symptoms while 23% remain asymptomatic. Only few subjects reported moderate adverse effects (8.7%).  None of the respondent reported severe and serious adverse effect. Conclusions:- Vaccine associated adverse effects were found less than 3 days and of mild variety in most of the beneficiaries. There was no difference in adverse effect profile of two commonly used vaccines in India. People must come forward for vaccination in mass without fearing of adverse effects of vaccines.
Prevalence of needle stick injuries, its associated factors and awareness among nursing staff at tertiary care hospital of North India
Authors: Bharti Prem Prakash , Singh Naresh Pal , Bajpai Prashant Kumar , Rani Vidya , Jain Pankaj Kumar , Khan Ayub
Published: May 2022

Background: Needle Stick Injuries (NSIs) are defined as accidental skin penetrating injuries caused by needles. It is the single greatest occupational hazard to a medical personnel. In developing countries, needle stick injury is associated with the highest global prevalence of HIV, Hepatitis B, and Hepatitis C. Aim & Objectives: To estimate the prevalence of needle stick injuries, its associated risk factors and assess the awareness regarding needle stick injuries among nursing staff. Material & Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among nursing staff who were working at a tertiary care hospital in Northern India during June 2019 to November 2019. The study commenced after taking prior approval from institutional ethics committee. A census method was used to include the participants. Results: Around 66.7% of the nursing staff was exposed to NSIs during their working hours at the hospital. There was significant association of needle stick injuries with place of working and education of nursing staff in multivariate binary logistic regression. About 26% of the nurses were unaware that recapping should be done or not for used needle, and 35% of staff nurses recapped the needle after the use. Conclusion: Needle stick injuries can be prevented by continued education, effective training, providing better safety devices, a positive work environment.
Quality of life of people living with HIV/AIDS before and after receiving antiretroviral therapy
Authors: Kariwala Peeyush , Kandpal Sunil Dutt , Singh Arvind Kumar , Pathak Anurag , Dixit Sumeet
Published: May 2022

Background- HIV/AIDS is a chronic illness. Besides having serious morbidities, opportunistic infections, it also adversely affects quality of life of People Living with HIV/AIDS (QOL- PLHIV). Early and prompt initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART) might improve quality of life of PLHIV in various domains like psychological, physical, environment level of independence, social relationship and spirituality/religion/personal beliefs. Material and methods- The study was conducted at a medical institute of North India. Patients attending ART centre of the institute for the treatment of HIV/AIDS were interviewed on WHOQOL-HIV questionnaire. Aim and objectives- To assess and compare quality of life of people living with HIV/AIDS at initiation and after 6 months of receiving antiretroviral therapy. Result- QOL-PLHIV was improved in various domains when assessed after six months of receiving ART. For physical domain mean score increased from 12.83 to 13.85, for psychological domain from 12.54 to 14.31, for level of independence from 12.95 to 13.21, for social relationship from 12.46 to 14.15, for environment domain from 11.98 to 13.15 and for spirituality/religion/personal belief mean score increased from 11.41 to 11.96. Respective standard deviation was decreased when compared from before initiation of ART to six months after receiving ART. Conclusion – Quality of life of people living with HIV/AIDS was improved significantly after receiving ART.