bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
​Investigations on Per se Performance, Genetic Variability and Correlations in Vegetable Cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.] Germplasm for Yield and Its Attributing Traits
Authors: Saidaiah P. , Pandravada S.R. , Geetha A. , Kamala V.
Published: August 2021

Background: Cowpea is a multiple-purpose, drought-tolerant, climate-smart and leguminous pulse crop. Recent studies established this crop as a potential vegetable crop with nitrogen fixation ability and round the year cultivation unlike French bean. In several crops, exotic collections imported into India have positive impact in release of new varieties. Per se performance evaluation is the best option for identification of high yielding varieties. Genetic parameters controlling the expression of yield and its components are essential in determining the effect of such genetic parameters and association among the characters enhancing the green pod yield of vegetable cowpea. Methods: A set of eighty seven genotypes of vegetable cowpea including 59 exotic collections imported from International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Nigeria; 24 indigenous germplasm collected from different parts of India and four released commercial varieties were evaluated in a randomized block design during Kharif, 2019. The analysis of variance by Panse and Sukhatme (1985), genetic parameters by Burton and De Vane (1953) and heritability in a broad sense and genetic advance by methods given by Allard (1960) and Johnson et al., (1955) were carried out to validate the results. Result: The analysis of variance revealed that genotypes exhibited significant differences for all the characters. Based on per se performances, the exotic collections for flowering and maturity traits and check varieties followed by indigenous collections for yield and yield characters have exhibited superior performance. The highest range of variation was observed for green pod yield per plant. The highest variation was observed for pod yield per plant and number of pods per plant. The higher estimates of GCV and PCV ( greater than 20%) were registered by pod width, mature pod weight, number of pods per plant and pod yield per plant, which indicates partly the interaction of the genotypes with the environment influencing the expression of these characters. High heritability along with high genetic advance was observed for green pod yield per plant, pod length, pod width and number of pods per plant indicating that these traits were mainly governed by additive gene action and responsive for their further improvement. The maximum coefficient of variation was recorded for pod width followed by green pod yield per plant, pod weight and pod length. Green pod yield per plant has a positive and significant correlation with pod length, pod width, mature pod weight, number of pods per plant and number of seeds per pod. Hence, these characters should be considered, while selecting the genotypes for their further genetic improvement in vegetable cowpea.
​​Effect of Zinc Fertilization on Nutritional Quality of Cowpea Cultivars
Authors: . Manisha , Kumar Rakesh , Ram Hardev , Tyagi Nitin , Meena Rajesh Kumar , Kumar Dinesh , Kumar Rakesh , Singh Kuldeep , Min Doohong
Published: August 2021

Background: The improvement in livestock productivity may be possible by availing better quality fodder in adequate quantity to the dairy farmers. Zinc deficiency might be a major factor for lower quality fodder of cowpea. Methods: The experiment was laid out in factorial randomized block design; comprised of three cowpea cultivars viz., C-152, MFC-08-14 and MFC-09-1 and five zinc management practices viz., control; 10 kg ZnSO4 as basal; 20 kg ZnSO4 as basal; 0.5% ZnSO4 as foliar spray at 20 DAS; 0.5% ZnSO4 as foliar spray at 20 and 40 DAS. Result: Results revealed that C-152 showed significantly better quality in terms of higher dry matter, crude protein and total ash; and lower acid insoluble ash, neutral detergent fibre, acid detergent fibre and acid detergent lignin amongst all the three varieties. Though, remarkably higher ether extract was obtained with MFC-08-14. Among the zinc management practices, 20 kg ZnSO4 as basal (Zn3) and foliar application of 0.5% ZnSO4 at 20 and 40 DAS (Zn5) recorded significant improvement in fodder yield and quality traits of cowpea.
​​Morphological and Chemical Components of Resistance to Pod Borer, Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) in Chickpea Germplasm
Authors: Divija S.D. , Agnihotri Meena , Reddy M.S. Sai
Published: August 2021

Background: Chickpea pod borer (CPB), Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) is a pest of great economic importance in chickpea and it is the major limiting factor in chickpea cultivation. In severe cases it causes about 75 to 90 per cent losses in seed yield, despite the application of insecticides. Therefore, development of a cost effective and an environmentally friendly approach like improvement of cultivars resistant to H. armigera is necessary for management of the pest in chickpea. Methods: Morphological and chemical components of host plant resistance in chickpea germplasm was assessed under field and laboratory conditions against pod borer, Helicoverpa armigera at hotspot Pantnagar, during rabi, 2017-18 using standard protocols. Result: Observations recorded revealed that germplasm ICC4484 recorded highest phenol (4.73 mg/g) and flavonoid (0.19 mg/g) content, whereas the maximum tannin, protein and trypsin content were recorded in ICC6263 (1.33 mg/g), ICC3137 (19.41 g/100 g of seeds) and ICC372351 (31.83 IU/g), respectively. Germplasm with higher phenol, tannin, flavonoid and trypsin inhibitor content recorded minimum per cent pod damage. Phenol, tannin, flavonoid, trypsin content showed negative correlation, while protein content showed positive correlation with the per cent pod damage by H. armigera.
Evaluation of Soybean (Glycine max L.) Genotypes on the Basis of Biochemical Contents and Anti-oxidant Enzyme Activities
Authors: Sharma Akash , Tripathi M.K. , Tiwari Sushma , Gupta Neha , Tripathi Niraj , Mishra Nishi
Published: August 2021

Background: Soybean is an important leguminous crop. Abnormal weather has played an enormous role in the strident decline in crop yields. Drought is considered as a significant abiotic factor responsible for yield reduction in soybean. Methods: The present work was carried out in order to screen soybean genotypes for their drought tolerance ability by means of different biochemical and antioxidant enzymatic activities responses. Conclusion: On the basis of biochemical parameters and anti-oxidant enzymatic activities, soybean genotype viz., RVS-211-77, RVS-211-75, NRC-7, SL-96, NRC-136, AMS100-39, SL-96, RVS-2012-01, RVS-211-73 and JS97-52 have been identified with better performance and can be used as parents for further crop improvement programme to breed drought tolerant variety.
Facebook as a learning platform in Algeria during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Ghounane Nadia
Published: August 2021

With the dawn of high-tech phone applications and the constant spread of internet uses, social media networking sites have become a refuge for billions of users. Facebook is the leading social media tool and this research work aims to project light into the teaching/learning situation in the Algerian context, mainly the teaching of the English Language. A total of 80 Master’s students and 10 teachers from the Department of English Language and Literature at Saida were used as a case study. This is to provide an inkling on the most employed social platform in the teaching and learning process during the absence of face-to-face interaction. The research tools were mainly a questionnaire, an interview and a post-test assessment. From our results, Facebook was the second leading e-learning tool after Moodle platform during the pandemic. The paper recommends some strategies on how Facebook can be employed effectively in the teaching and learning process after the pandemic.
 
Keywords: COVID-19 pandemic, educational platforms, EFL learners, Facebook, higher education.
Portuguese as a foreign language textbooks: Framing the discourses on the teaching and learning of writing
Authors: Guerra Joaquim
Published: August 2021

Textbooks are a resource that is widely used in language classes. For this reason, they are also one of the principal topics in research on the field of didactics. Several studies were conducted about Portuguese as mother tongue textbooks, but there is a lack of researches and information concerning the textbooks of Portuguese as a foreign language. In this study, the researcher analyses the discourse of the authors/editors in the ‘opening texts’ of textbooks for (European) Portuguese as a foreign language, for levels A1 and A2 of the Common European Framework of Reference. The study shows that writing competence is relatively neglected by the authors, and infers that might reflect the way that teaching and learning activities for writing are put into practice. Further research will allow to verify if there are indeed activities for learning to write and how they were thought out and organised.
 
Keywords: Language teaching, writing competencies, Portuguese, foreign language, textbooks, writing competencies.
Integrating culture in teaching literary texts and cultural taboos: Foreign language students’ perceptions and attitudes
Authors: Boubekeur Sihem
Published: August 2021

Literature and culture intimately complement each other. Culture is a vehicle by which literary texts emanate values, social rules and beliefs. The connection between literature and culture must be tackled in foreign language classrooms for the ultimate objective of learning the target civilisation. The current research focuses primarily on the importance of bringing literature and culture into the classroom. The focal points of this paper are to shed lights on which cultures literature tutors ought to focus on, what kind of texts to expose students to, how best to lead teaching and which cultural themes need to be tackled. Classroom observational sessions are used for two academic years 2019–2020 and 2020–2021 with second-year students at Dr. Moulay Tahar University of Saida. The findings reveal that students do not favour texts that have cultural taboos. Thereby, using appropriate and interesting literature in the foreign language classroom would engage and motivate learners, as well as challenge their beliefs.
 
Keywords: Classroom, connection, culture, foreign language students, literature.
Watching English movies and proficiency development: Advanced learners’ perceptions and strategies
Authors: Daneshfard Farhang , Khosravian Elham , Alimorad Zahra , Honarparvaran Maryam , Tabe Bordbar Fatemeh
Published: August 2021

Watching movies can help language learners improve their proficiency. However, important in this regard are what kinds of movies learners perceive as beneficial and how they benefit from watching movies. This study intended to discover advanced English learners’ perceptions and strategies regarding watching movies. To this aim, the researchers selected 34 advanced English learners in Iran. The participants completed a questionnaire and then the researchers interviewed them to find out their perceptions and strategies with regard to watching English movies. The findings suggested that the most favourite genres were comedy, documentary and animated movies, in the order given. Furthermore, the most common strategies used by the learners were writing down new vocabularies, reviewing them and using them in everyday situations. Moreover, advanced learners preferred to watch movies with English or no subtitles. The findings can aid English learners and teachers to become familiar with effective strategies regarding watching English movies.
 
Keywords: Advanced learners, English movies, learning strategies, learning perceptions, subtitles.
ECONOMIC-FISHING ANALYSIS OF THE PRAWN Cryphiops caementarius (MOLINA, 1782) IN THE MAJES-CAMANÁ RIVER AREQUIPA-PERí­Å¡ (2019)
Authors: PINAZO Beltran Kristhian Franchesco Paul , BERRÚ Beltran Jesús Miguel Angel , BOCARDO Delgado Edwin Fredy
Published: August 2021

The prawn (Cryphiops caementarius) is the only resource in the Peruvian coastal rivers that supports a commercial fishery. Bioeconomic-fishing aspects are reported based on data (fishing, costs and income derived from fishing) acquired in situ monthly in four altitudinal strata (every 200 meters above sea level - masl) of the Majes-Camaná river during 2019. The catch per unit of effort (CPUE) was expressed in kg h-1, monthly income was estimated based on the average catch values, number of tasks and price of the resource. To evaluate the profitability of the activity of an average fisherman (by stratum), a cash flow based on income and expenses was executed under situations with a constant future, using economic profitability indicators such as the Net Present Value (NPV), Internal Rate of Return (IRR), Benefit-Cost ratio (B/C) and Discounted Payback Period (DPB). There was a predominance of the diving method, the catches (kg) and the fishing yield increased throughout the fishing period (April-December) with a maximum value of 4.8 kg h-1 (December - high strata). Investment costs per fisherman were low, roughly 1,000 soles. The sale price increases with altitude, decreasing over the course of the year depending on the availability of the resource; the monthly income per fisherman varied from 964 soles (April - low stratum) to 6,760 soles (December - high stratum). The economic simulation model showed that the income exceeded the costs of the fishing activity from the first year of activity in all the altitudinal strata, the economic profitability indicators showed high profitability for the activity.
Pemanfaatan tanaman sorgum sebagai pakan ternak ruminansia di lahan kering
Authors: Harmini Harmini
Published: August 2021

Objective: The objective of this study is to review the use of sorghum as a feed source for ruminants that it can developed on dry land.

Results: Sorghum is a cereals that can grow on dry land. Sorghum is source of food, biofuel and animal feed. Sorghum plants have high nutritional value and can replace other feed sources, because they have a high chemical composition, vitamins, minerals, and energy content. Sorghum contains crude protein, fat and ash 9.9; 2.7 and 11.45% respectively. In fresh conditions, sorghum leaves and stems cannot last long, therefore it can be stored in silage to extend their shelf life so that they can be used in the dry season.Feeding leaves, straw, byproducts with sorghum have been positively influenced such as increased antilmytic effect in sheep, feed consumption, digestibility in livestock, rumen fermentation, VFA, pH-rumen, digestibility and feed efficiency of the feed of the animal also meat and milk production of goats.
Conclusions: Sorghum is potentially produced as a feed source for ruminants due to good nutritional content and can be developed in dry land.
The most balance composition of calcium-phosphorus in the feed to support growth performance and tibia profile of broiler chicken strain CP 707
Authors: Lisnahan Charles Venirius , Nubatonis Afred
Published: August 2021

Objective: Calcium and phosphorus are macrominerals that are needed for metabolism and mineralization of chicken bones. This study aims to determine the growth performance and tibial profile of broiler chicken strain CP 707 which are fed by using different calcium-phosphorus balance compositions.

Methods: This research was conducted in Kefamenanu, the East Nusa Tenggara for 42 days. A total of 96 day old chicks were used in this study. Chickens were allocated in 16 units of cages, based on a completely randomized design consisting of 4 treatments and 4 replications. The treatments given were T0 (control feed without calcium-phosphorus supplementation), T1 (control feed + 1.0% calcium + 0.5% phosphorus), T2 (control feed + 1.5% calcium + 0.5% phosphorus) and T3 (control feed + 2.0% calcium + 0.5% phosphorus).

Results: The findings showed that the calcium-phosphorus ratio affected weight gain, feed conversion, carcass weight, tibial bone weight, tibial bone dry weight and tibial bone ash content (P<0.05), while feed consumption and tibial bone length were not significant. The highest body weight was in T3 (2142.25±31.84 g/bird) with a weight gain of 62.41±2.20 g/bird/day. The best feed conversions at T2 and T3 were 1.94±0.33 and 1.85±0.70. The highest carcass weight at T3 was 1354.45±39.12 g/bird with a carcass percentage of 63.20±0.32%. The highest tibial weight at T2 and T3 were 18.57±0.73 and 19.43±0.66 g/bird with dry weight of 40.61±0.75 and 41.42±1.33%. The highest tibial bone ash content was at T3, namely 44.72±0.91%.
Conclusions: The conclusion of this study is that the balance of 2.0% calcium and 0.5% phosphorus provides optimal growth performance and tibial profile.
 
Evaluasi wilayah unggulan pengembangan kuda Sandelwood di Kabupaten Sumba Barat Daya Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Timur
Authors: Randu Melkianus Dedimus Same , Wera Ewaldus
Published: August 2021

Objective: The Sandalwood Horse has economic, social, and cultural advantages to the local community in Southwest Sumba Regency. However, sandalwood horse development is experiencing obstacles due to the absence of base area mapping data. This research aims to identify the potential area for the development of the Sandalwood horse in Southwest Sumba Regency.

Methods: Descriptive quantitative method was used in this research. Time series data (2013-2018) was collected from related stakeholders in Southwest Sumba Regency. The Location Quotient (LQ), Dynamic Location Quotient (DLQ) and a combination of both LQ and DLQ analysis were applied to identify the potential area for the development of the Sandalwood horse. If the value of LQ and DLQ is more than 1, it means that the area/district could be recommended as a potential area for the development of the Sandalwood horse.

Results: The result shows that of the 11 (eleven) districts in Southwest Sumba Regency, only 5 (five) districts (Wewewa Utara, Wewewa Barat, Wewewa Selatan, Wewewa Tengah, and Kodi Bangedo) could be recommended as the potential areas for development of sandalwood horses in the future, with an average LQ value ranging from 1.01 to 1.85 and DLQ ranging from 1.27 to 78.27.
Conclusions: Southwest Sumba Regency has potential districts for the development of the Sandalwood horse. The sandalwood horse in the potential districts is a leading commodity that can fulfil the local needs of each sub-district and has a population growth above the average level in Southwest Sumba Regency.
Degenerasi dan nekrosis pada neuron penyusun sistem saraf enterik di usus halus dan usus besar tikus yang diinjeksi paraquat dichloride
Authors: Pangestiningsih Tri Wahyu , Aninditya Daisynta Prima , Puspitandaru Gerarda Gita , Sofana Iffah , Pratiwi Rina
Published: August 2021

Objective: In Parkinson's disease (PD) patients, there is a disruption in the function of catecholaminergic neurons in Enteric nervous system (SSE) with some symtoms: constipations and diarrhea. Paraquat dichloride (PQ) is a neurotoxic herbicide which is thought to induce PD. This study aims to study the histological features of neurons in the enteric nervous system of small and large intestines injected with PQ.

Methods: Ten rats were divided into 2 groups of 5 each. The control group was injected with distilled water and the treatment group was injected with PQ 7 mg/kg BW. The injection was given intraperitoneally, twice a week for 3 weeks with a volume of 1 ml/injection. Small intestine and large intestine were collected and processed for histological preparations in paraffin incisions, then stained with cresyl violet and immunohistochemistry using tyrosine hydroxylase antibody as a marker of catecholaminergic neurons. Intestinal histological preparations were observed under light microscope and analyzed descriptively.

Results: Neurons in the small intestine and large intestine of normal group rats were observed normal, while in the treatment group some neurons were normal, but some of them became degeneration in the form of chromatolysis, also necrosis which was characterized by damage of cell membranes, karyolysis, loss of most of the Nissl bodies, and decreased numbers of catecholaminergic neurons.

Conclusions: Paraquat dichloride cause changes in enteric nervous system’s neuron structures in the form of degeneration, necrosis, and a decrease in the number of catecholaminergic neurons in the small intestine and large intestine.
Effect of polymorphism of Insulin-induced gene 1 (INSIG1) (A4366G) on slaughter characteristics in unproductive Kebumen Ongole Grade cows
Authors: Volkandari Slamet Diah , Anwar Saiful , Wulandari Ari Sulistyo , Sudrajad Pita , Indriawati Indriawati , Nasrulloh Mukh Fajar , Rahmawati Ika , Margawati Endang Tri , Cahyadi Muhammad
Published: August 2021

Objective: Kebumen Ongole Grade (Kebumen OG) are known as good performance cattle with body weight and body measurement higher than National Standard of Ongole Grade cattle. Productivity is influenced by genetic and environmental factors. Insulin-induced gene-1 (INSIG1) gene is one of many genes that are considered important in influencing carcass characteristics and playing an important role in lipid metabolism (adipogenesis and or lipogenesis). So, the aim of this study was to identify of SNP A4366G in INSIG1 gene and associated with slaughter characteristics of unproductive Kebumen OG cows.

Methods: In this study used 44 unproductive Kebumen OG cows from slaughter house in Kebumen. Slaughter characteristics contain of slaughter weight, hot carcass weight and dressing percentage. Three milliliters of blood samples were collected from vena jugularis. DNA were extracted from blood samples using salting out method. Genotyping of INSIG1 gene (A4366G) used PCR-RFLP method with TaqI restriction enzyme. Genetic diversity data in this study were allele and genotype frequencies, heterozygosity, PIC and HWE. Association of genotypes of INSIG1 gene with slaughter characteristics were analyzed using ANOVA univariate model.

Results: Polymorphic of INSIG1 (A4366G) gene was found in the unproductive Kebumen OG cows. Three variants of genotypes (AA, AG, GG) with two alleles (A and G) were found with allele frequencies 0.795 for G allele. The population was in equilibrium genetic. Association of slaughter characteristics with genotypes were not significant (p>0.05).

Conclusions: Polymorphic of INSIG1 gene (A4366G) was found in unproductive Kebumen OG cows population with dominant of G allele. The population was in genetic equilibrium. The association of slaughter characteristics with genotype of INSIG1 gene (SNP A4366G) was not significant.
Penambahan PGF2α dalam pengencer semen dapat meningkatkan motilitas pasca thawing motility spermatozoa domba Waringin
Authors: Husnurrizal Husnurrizal , Aritonang Ade Syahriani , Siregar Tongku Nizwan , Armansyah Teuku , Hafizuddin Hafizuddin
Published: August 2021

Objective: The purpose of this research was to find out the rise of spermatozoa motility of Waringin sheep which was given additional amount of PGF2α in commercial semen diluents (Andromed).

Methods: A total of 3 Waringin sheep aged 2-3 years were used in this study. Semen samples were collected using an artificial vagina and evaluation of the quality of the spermatozoa was carried out macroscopically and microscopically. This study used a unidirectional completely randomized design. After evaluated, semen samples were added with Andromed diluents afterwards divided into three groups treatment, K1; K2; and K3 where each group was then added with physiologic NaCl, 37,5 µg PGF2α, and 75 µg PGF2α. All of the samples were equilibrated in refrigerator for 4 hours and spermatozoa motility was examined, then after the freezing process was carried out and stored for 24 hours, the post thawing spermatozoa motility was examined. The data obtained was analyzed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and followed by Duncan test.

Results: The result of the research showed that motility of post equilibration spermatozoa (%) of Waringin sheeps at K1; K2; and K3 were 43,67±1,20; 75,00±4,00; and 82,33 ±3,18 (P<0,05); and motility of post thawing spermatozoa (%) of Waringin sheeps at K1; K2; and K3 were 25,33±1,85; 49,33±3,17; dan 54,00 ±5,50 (P<0,05).
Conclusions: In conclusion that was the rise in motility of prefreezing spermatozoa and motility of post thawing spermatozoa of Waringin sheep which given additional amount of PGF2α on Andromed diluents.
Aplikasi aktivitas antioksidan tepung gathot (singkong terfermentasi) dalam edible film sosis ayam di suhu ruang
Authors: Ratnaduhita Astari , Nuhriawangsa Adi Magna Patriadi , Kartikasari Lilik Retna
Published: August 2021

Objective: The objective of this research is to examine the antioxidant properties of gathot and its potential as edible film.

Methods: The materials used were dry gathot, carrageenan, and glycerol. The method was conducted experimentally, antioxidant activities test of gathot flour were analyzed descriptively. Physicochemical test of the chicken sausage was analyzed quantitatively by RAL with a 2x5 factorial pattern. The first factor was the types of edible film (0.00 and 0.75%), and the second factor was storage time (0; 2; 4; 6; 8 days) with seven repetitions each variables. The quantitative data were processed by Minitab 19.0.

Results: The results of the antioxidant test of gathot flour were antioxidant activities of 26.174 ppm; scavenging ability of 49.37%; phenol of 4,852.84µg/g; flavonoids of 4,520.30µg/g. The chicken sausage for eight days at room temperature has a decrease in pH value, a* and b*, and an increase in TBA (Thiobarbituric Acid) value and water content.

Conclusions: The antioxidant level of gathot flour is classified as a weak antioxidant, the results in the application of gathot flour edible film with a concentration of 0.75% were able to maintain the quality of chicken sausage until day six at room temperature storage (28 ºC).
Resiliency management of layer poultry farm business during COVID-19 pandemic in the Yogyakarta Special Province
Authors: Syahlani Suci Paramitasari , Kusuma Dewi Ni Made Ari , Insani Galuh Adi
Published: August 2021

Objective: The objective of the research was to identify crises on layer poultry farms specifically in Yogyakarta Special Province during COVID-19 pandemic and investigate business resiliency management to be utilised by the farmers to deal with the situation.

Methods: The research was conducted on Yogyakarta Special Province in April-October 2020 with qualitative approach method and data collection was taken using in depth interview method. Research respondents were 2 layer farmers who were also chairman of farmers association, namely Pinsar Petelur Nasional and 10 farmers purposively selected using snow-ball sampling method. Data collection was taken by face to face indepth and telephone interview and subsequently data was analysed descriptively and by using content analysis.

Results: Layer poultry farmers of Yogyakarta Special Province had faced challenges on their business environment that was becoming business crisis source due to disease outbreaks, natural disasters, monetary crisis, to COVID-19 pandemic. Impacts caused by the pandemic on layer poultry industry of Yogyakarta Special Province affected market demand, distribution, egg price fluctuation and feed price, respectively. Learning through self-awareness on environmental changes and conducting community and organisation coordinations that was PPN and the adaptational management that adopted by farmers to overcome the impact of COVID-19 in business.

Conclusions: Experience and endurance levels were the keys to resolve risks throughout running a farming business is important asset in conducting resiliency management in mitigating impacts of COVID-19 pandemic. Presence of community, group, and organisation networks will be usefull for the growth of capacity and opportunity of farmers in utilising novel and communication technology to negotiate with relevant farming industry stakeholders to maintain the existence of layer farmers in industry during and after the pandemic. Government supports and appropriate policy are also needed in supporting a hospitable business climate for the continuity of layer poultry farms.
GAME EDUKASI SISTEM TATA SURYA BAGI SISWA SEKOLAH DASAR BERBASIS VIRTUAL REALITY
Authors: Firmansyah Restu Ilham , Aditya Addin , Kartikasari Meivi
Published: August 2021

Penelitian ini diawali dari pesatnya perkembangan teknologi disektor pendidikan. Salah satunya adalah teknologi Virtual reality (VR) yang bisa dimanfaatkan media pembelajaran sekolah dasar termasuk sistem tata surya. VR adalah teknologi yang dapat berinteraksi dengan suatu lingkungan yang disimulasikan oleh komputer. Dengan aplikasi ini siswa akan merasakan pengalaman berada di luar angkasa dan menjelajah ke setiap objek yang ada di dalamnya. Pada penelitian ini menggunakan game engine unity untuk aplikasi berbasis Android dan SDK agar aplikasi dapat digunakan Virtual reality. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam laporan ini terbagi dari beberapa tahap yaitu tahap pengumpulan data, tahap perancangan game, tahap pembuatan game, tahap uji coba serta tahap penerapan dan perbaikan. Proses pembuatan game ini menggunakan Unity 3D, blender serta software corel draw untuk pembuatan interface. Dengan ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa telah berhasil dibuat game Edukasi Sistem Tata Surya Berbasis Android Virtual reality.
ANALISA MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN WHATSAPP MENGGUNAKAN USE QUESTIONNAIRE
Authors: Yadi Yadi
Published: August 2021

Pembelajaran dengan pemanfaatan teknologi semakin mempermudah dalam proses pembelajaran yang dipergunakan tanpa harus berada di ruang kelas dengan bertatap muka salah satu media yang dipergunakan dalam sarana pembelajaran yakni aplikasi Whatsapp dengan berbagai fitur yang dimiliki mempermudahkan interaksi antara mahasiswa dan dosen dalam berkomunikasi untuk mengetahui media yang dipergunakan membantu dalam proses pembelajaran perlu dilakukan analisa agar aplikasi yang dipergunakan sesuai dengan tujuan proses pembelajaran dengan melihat beberapa aspek seperti kebergunaan, kemudahan dalam pengoperasian, kemudahan dalam penggunaan dan kepuasan, tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui seberapa besar user merasakan kemudahan dan kepuasan dalam menggunakan aplikasi Whatsapp sebagai sarana pendukung proses pembelajaran, metode yang dipergunakan dalam penelitian kuantitatif deskriptif dengan pengumpulan data menggunakan kuesioner dengan pendekatan use questionnaire. Hasil dari penelitian berdasarkan aspek use questionnaire mahasiswa dan dosen dalam menggunakan aplikasi whatsapp untuk proses pembelajaran dengan persentase skor Usefulness 69.3%, ease of use 71,42%, ease of learning 80.11% dan satisfaction 73.61%.
A New Approach to Reduce the Carbon Footprint in Resistance Spot Welding by Energy Efficiency Evaluation.
Authors: Cunha Carla Ferreira Andrade , Gomes Jefferson de Oliveira , de Carvalho Hugo Marcelo Bezerra
Published: August 2021

Actions aiming to reduce energy consumption directly contribute to the reduction of manufacturing costs and carbon footprint while supporting manufacturing processes’ productivity. Resistance spot welding is relevant in the automotive sector. Due to its operational characteristics, this process has high energy consumption. Despite this fact, few studies have found to guide solutions for its reduction. In this sense, this study proposes a method to improve the resistance spot welding process’s energy performance without compromising its quality. This study applies statistical analysis (ANOVA) to support predictive models that characterize energy and quality performance. The statistical analyses confirmed and quantified the influence of the control factors in energy and quality performance indicators. The predictive models made it possible to anticipate energy consumption and quality behaviour from adjustments in the welding line process parameters studied in this paper. To fit the best compromise between energy consumption and quality, energy labels to classify the process’s energy performance were proposed. The best compromise solution for the studied process parameter ranges in this work was: \({C}_{wel}\): 8 kA, \({T}_{wel}\): 8 cycles and \({F}_{ele}\): 343 kgf. This parameter combination results in a consumption of approximately 2 Wh per spot weld. Approximately 33% less than the average estimated consumption per spot weld in the automotive industry.
Identification of Potential Biomarkers Associated With Immune Infiltration in Papillary Renal Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Deng Ran , Li Jianpeng , Zhao Hong , Zou Zhirui , Man Jiangwei , Cao Jinlong , Yang Li
Published: August 2021

Background: Immunotherapeutic approaches have recently emerged as effective treatment regimens against various types of cancer. However, the immune-mediated mechanisms surrounding papillary renal cell carcinoma (pRCC) remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate the tumor microenvironment (TME) and identify the potential immune-related biomarkers for pRCC.Methods: The CIBERSORT algorithm was used to calculate the abundance ratio of immune cells in each pRCC sample downloaded from the database UCSC Xena. Univariate Cox analysis was used to select the prognostic-related tumor-infiltrating immune cells (TIICs). Multivariate Cox regression analysis was performed to develop a signature based on the selected prognostic-related TIICs. Then, these pRCC samples were divided into low- and high-risk groups according to the obtained signature. Analyses using Gene Ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), and Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) were performed to investigate the biological function of the DEGs (differentially expressed genes) between the high- and low-risk groups. The hub genes were identified using a Weighted Gene Co-Expression Network Analysis (WGCNA) and a Protein-Protein Interaction (PPI) analysis. The hub genes were subsequently validated using Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) analysis, a nomogram prediction model, and via the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database, and the Human Protein Atlas (HPA) database. Finally, we validated the correlation between the nine hub genes and immune cells using the XCELL algorithm.Results: According to our analyses, nine immune cells play a vital role in the TME of pRCC. Our analyses also obtained nine potential immune-related biomarkers for pRCC, including TOP2A, BUB1B, BUB1, TPX2, PBK, CEP55, ASPM, RRM2, and CENPF.Conclusion: In this study, our data revealed the crucial TIICs and potential immune-related biomarkers for pRCC and provided compelling insights into the pathogenesis and potential therapeutic targets for pRCC.
Data Mining and Machine Learning Approaches in Designing Optimum Drug Delivery Systems: A Prototype Study of Niosomes
Authors: Shahiwala Aliasgar , Faruqui Nuruzzaman , Qawoogha Samar Salam
Published: August 2021

This study aims to model the prediction of two clinically relevant properties of drug delivery systems specifically for niosomes, i.e., particle size and drug entrapment efficiency (EE%) using a combined approach of data mining, artificial neural networks (ANN), and design of experiments (DoE). Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) system was adopted to screen published literature on niosomes that resulted in 17 articles with 114 formulations. Eleven properties (input parameters) related to drugs and niosomes affecting particle size and drug entrapment (EE%) (output variables) were precisely identified and used for the network training. The network architecture consists of 5 fully connected hidden layers with eleven hidden nodes in each layer, input layer has eleven nodes where each of these nodes maintains omnidirectional injective relation with the corresponding hidden node. The hyperbolic tangent sigmoid transfer function (HTSTF) with Levenberg-Marquardt backpropagation (LMB) was used to train the model. The network showed the highest prediction accuracy of 93.76% and 91.79% for EE% and particle size prediction. Sensitivity analysis identified drug/lipid ratio and Cholesterol/Surfactant ratio as the most significant factors affecting EE% and particle size of niosomes. Accordingly, nine Donepezil hydrochloride (DNPZ) noisome batches were prepared using a 3x3 factorial design with drug/lipid ratio and cholesterol/surfactant ratio as factors to validate the developed model for a new drug. The model was able to reach a prediction accuracy of more than 97% for experimental batches. Finally, the superiority of global ANN was demonstrated compared to the local RSM model for DNPZ niosome formulations. In conclusion, this study has demonstrated the use of the data mining approach to group published scattered information and formulate a data set to train the ANN that can help to design an optimum formulation and processing parameters for a clinically viable medicine with minimum time, cost, and efforts. However, the key challenge in forming an efficient ANN lies in having a suitable large data set and using the correct algorithm for the network.
Impact of Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy on Somatic Mutation Status in High-grade Serous Ovarian Carcinoma
Authors: Marchocki Zibi , Tone Alicia , Virtanen Carl , de Borja Richard , Clarke Blaise , Brown Theodore , May Taymaa
Published: August 2021

BACKGROUND: Patients treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) for advanced high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HGSC) have a higher rate and shorter time to platinum-resistant recurrence compared to patients treated with primary cytoreductive surgery (PCS) and adjuvant chemotherapy. The purpose of this study is to determine the impact of NACT on somatic mutation status in platinum-sensitive and resistant HGSC. Patients with advanced HGSC who had a documented response to platinum-based NACT, a banked blood sample, and a banked tumor sample before and after NACT were identified. Whole exome and/or targeted deep sequencing was performed in matched normal and pre/post-NACT tumor samples from 3 platinum-resistant and 2 platinum-sensitive patients to identify somatic non-synonymous mutations at each time point.RESULTS: When comparing exonic non-synonymous mutations in pre-NACT and post-NACT samples from the same patient, an average of 41% (1-68%) of genes were mutated at both time points. There were no trends detected in the mutational burden following exposure to NACT in platinum-resistant vs. platinum-sensitive cases. The majority of mutated genes were unique to each case. We identified several genes that were commonly mutated in pre-NACT samples specific to platinum-resistant (CSPG4, SLC35G5, TUBA3D) or sensitive (CYP2D6, NUTM1, DNAH5) cases. Four mutated genes emerged exclusively in the platinum-resistant cases (ADGRV1, MUC17, MUC20, PAK2) following NACT.CONCLUSIONS: Patients with advanced HGSC present with significant intra-tumor heterogeneity. NACT significantly impacts the somatic mutation status irrespective of the time to recurrence. The mutated genes detected in chemo-naive pre-NACT tumor samples from either resistant or sensitive cases could potentially have a role in the prediction of chemotherapy response in patients scheduled to receive NACT; larger studies are required to further validate these genes.
Curcumae Radix Extract Reduces Beta-Amyloid (Αβ) and Tau Protein Through Increased Mitochondrial Respiration
Authors: Jo Seong lae , Yang Hyun , Heo Jun H. , Lee Sang R. , Lee Hye Won , Hong Eui-Ju
Published: August 2021

Background: Neurodegenerative diseases are increasingly being studied owing to the increasing proportion of the aging population. Several potential compounds have been studied to prevent neurodegenerative diseases, one of which is Curcumae Radix that is known to be beneficial for inflammatory conditions, metabolic syndrome, and various types of pain. However, it is not well studied and its influence on energy metabolism in neurodegenerative diseases is unclear. We focused on the relationship between neurodegenerative diseases and energy metabolism through Curcumae Radix extract in an animal model. Methods: Mice were treated with Curcumae Radix extract for 5 weeks orally 5 times in a week (50 mg/kg body weight). Murine delayed brain tumor (DBT) cells were supplemented with Curcumae Radix extract. We monitored the neurodegenerative makers and metabolic indicators using Western blotting and qRT-PCR and then assessed the cellular glycolysis and mitochondrial respiration through metabolic flux assay.Results: Low expression levels of Alzheimer’s disease-related markers were observed after treatment with Curcumae Radix extract. It was determined through the pAMPK/AMPK ratio that the ATP state was sufficient in the cerebrum and brain tumor cells. With this, an increase in glycolysis would be expected as glucose is the main energy source of the brain. However, glycolysis-related genes and the extracellular acidification rate showed that glycolysis decreased. Despite this, basal respiration and ATP production through mitochondrial respiration and increased TCA cycle and OXPHOS-related genes were observed in the Curcumae Radix group. Conclusions: In neurodegenerative diseases involving mitochondrial dysfunction, Curcumae Radix may act as a metabolic modulator of brain health to treat and prevent these diseases.
Tecnologias sociais voltadas para o saneamento básico de comunidades ribeirinhas na Amazônia
Authors: Batista Vanessa de Almeida , Bichara Cléa Nazaré Carneiro , Carneiro Carla Renata de Oliveira , Furtado Layse Gomes , Botelho Matheus Gabriel Lopes , Silva Davi Farias da , Pontes Altem Nascimento
Published: August 2021

As tecnologias sociais podem ser definidas como produtos, técnicas ou metodologias que são necessariamente de baixo custo que tem por objetivo apresentar soluções de transformação social e empoderamento para uma determinada comunidade, se destacam também por apresentar características voltadas para atender populações que possuem baixa renda. A Organização das Nações Unidas considera que o acesso à água potável é um direito de todos. No Brasil, o saneamento básico também é considerado um direito da população, no entanto, o abastecimento de água é precário, especialmente na Região Norte, situação que reflete diretamente na saúde pública, especialmente dos ribeirinhos que muitas vezes são privados de uma infraestrutura mínima para o saneamento. O objetivo desse artigo foi fazer um levantamento de tecnologias sociais voltadas para o saneamento em comunidades ribeirinhas amazônicas. A coleta de dados foi realizada em fevereiro de 2020, em bases de dados nacional e internacional, em sites do Governo Federal, de banco público e de empresa pública. Os resultados indicaram que as principais tecnologias sociais voltadas para o saneamento em comunidades ribeirinhas amazônicas são o sistema de captação de água da chuva utilizado na Ilha das Onças, em Barcarena, no Pará, a SODIS implementada nos Municípios de Borba, Nova Olinda e Itacoatiara, no Amazonas, e a SALTA-z usada nos Municípios de Abaetetuba, no Pará, e Tartarugalzinho, no Amapá, todas voltadas para o abastecimento de água. As tecnologias sociais oferecem acesso à água potável a baixo custo, de forma simples e exequível. Além disso, são ferramentas de empoderamento e transformação social, sendo imprescindível a participação da comunidade para seu sucesso.
Contributory pension scheme and employee work attitude in the Nigerian Federal Civil Service
Authors: Onyema Chiemeka
Published: August 2021

This study investigated the effects of Contributory Pension Scheme on employee work attitude in the Nigerian Federal civil service. The study which is anchored on expectancy theory adopted a cross-sectional survey design. A sample of 1007 federal civil servants selected using total population sampling technique constituted the study participants. A structured questionnaire with a reliability co-efficient estimate of 0.742 was used to generate the quantitative data. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) aided the presentation and analysis of data relating to the objectives of study using frequency distribution table and, the test of research hypothesis with chi-square statistic. The study’s findings suggest that contributory pension scheme has had positive effects on employee work attitude in the Nigerian Federal civil service in Imo State. The study found a statistically significant relationship between the new contributory pension scheme and improved employee work attitude in the Nigerian federal civil service in Imo State. Based on the findings, the study recommended that government should strengthen the administration of the contributory pension scheme to further improve the work attitude of Nigerian civil servants and to enhance their efficiency.
Kajian Tingkat Bahaya Erosi dan Kekritisan Pada DAS Krueng Raya, Provinsi Aceh Menggunakan Sistem Informasi Geografis
Authors:   Universitas Syiah Kuala, Fachruddin Fachruddin , Sirait Sudirman ,   Universitas Borneo Tarakan, Alimuddin Alimuddin ,   Universitas Ibn Khaldun Bogor, Ramli Ichawana ,   Universitas Syiah Kuala
Published: August 2021

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui tingkat bahaya erosi dan kekritisan DAS Krueng Raya menggunakan aplikasi Sistem Informasi Geografis (SIG). Pengukuran tingkat bahaya erosi menggunakan metode universal soil loss equation (USLE), sedangkan pengukuran lahan kritis menggunakan Panduan Peraturan Menteri Kehutanan No. 32. Selanjutnya, integrasi beberapa parameter dapat dilakukan dengan tool overlay dengan menggunakan aplikasi Sistem Informasi Geografis (SIG). Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa kelas Tingkat Bahaya Erosi (TBE) di DAS Krueng Raya yang paling luas adalah kelas agak kritis dengan luas mencapai 9 319.4 ha atau 73.25%. Selanjutnya, kelas kritis dengan luas 1 361.80 ha atau 10.70%, berikutnya kelas sangat kritis 340.4 ha atau 2.68% dan kelas tidak kritis 879.7 ha atau 6.91%. Sedangkan klasifikasi tingkat kekritisan DAS yang paling luas termasuk tingkat agak kritis dengan luas mencapai 9 319.4 Ha atau 73.25%, selanjutnya kelas kritis dengan luas 1 361.80 ha atau 10.70%. Selanjutnya, kelas sangat kritis 340.4 ha atau 2.68% dan kelas tidak kritis dengan luas 879.7 ha atau 6.91%. Bila tingkat bahaya erosi berat/tinggi maka pengaruhnya terhadap kelas lahan kritis akan tinggi (kritis, agak kritis dan sangat kritis) dengan persentase luas secara keseluruhan mencapai 98.7%. Sebaliknya, jika tingkat bahaya erosi berada pada kelas ringan maka kelas lahan kritis secara umum akan berada kelas rendah atau pada kelas tidak kritis (79.4%) atau agak kritis (19.3%). Arahan pengelolaan DAS Krueng Raya harus menerapkan konservasi tanah dan air secara berkelanjutan/terpadu pada setiap kawasan.
Analisis Kadar Air, Abu, Serat dan Lemak Pada Minuman Sirop Jeruk Siam (Citrus nobilis var. microcarpa)
Authors:   Politeknik Negeri Sambas, Kristiandi Kiki , Rozana Rozana ,   Politeknik Negeri Sambas, Junardi Junardi ,   Politeknik Negeri Sambas, Maryam Andi ,   Politeknik Negeri Sambas
Published: August 2021

Kandungan vitamin C berperan sebagai zat antioksidan yang dapat menetralkan radikal bebas hasil oksidasi lemak. Olahan yang sering dibuat pada jeruk siam adalah berbagai jenis minuman, manisan dan produk lainnya. Produk minuman yang umum menjadi olahan berbahan baku jeruk siam diantaranya yaitu jus, sirop dan minuman lainnya. Tujuan dalam penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis kadar air, abu, serat dan lemak pada minuman sirop. Adapun pengujian dalam penelitian ini adalah dengan metode SNI 19-2891-1992. Pengambilan sampel jeruk siam berada di Kabupaten Sambas yang selanjutnya dilakukan penyaringan untuk mendapatkan sarinya. Dan pengujian bahan tersebut dilakukan di Sucofindo. Berdasarkan hasil analisis tersebut didapatkan bahwa untuk kadar air untuk orang sebesar 46.04% dan kuning 43.98%, sedangkan untuk kadar abu sebesar 0.03% orange dan kuning 0.04% dan serat 0.39% orange dan kuning 0.30% serta lemak memiliki nilai yang sama yaitu 0.02%. Berdasarkan hasil data, minuman sirop jeruk siam dapat dikatakan sesuai dengan standar nasional Indonesia untuk minuman sirop, karena acuan ambang batas minuman adalah SNI 01-3544-1994.