bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Essais préliminaires pour tester l'efficacité de Cymelarsan chez des chiens et des souris infectés artificiellement par Trypanosoma brucei isolé de chiens au Nigeria
Authors: Anene B.M. , Ogbuanya C.E. , Mbah E.S. , Ezeokonkwo R.C.
Published: August 2021

L’efficacité de Mel Cy (Cymelarsan, Rhône Mérieux, France) contre Trypanosoma brucei isolé de chiens a été étudiée chez des souris et des chien infectés expérimentalement. Les souris ont été infectées avec des parasites prélevés sur cinq chiens, puis traitées une fois par voie intrapéritonéale avec Mel Cy aux doses de 2,5 et 5,0 mg/kg, sept et 14 jours après l’infection, pour obtenir des indications sur la sensibilité du parasite au produit. Une récurrence de la parasitémie a été observée chez tous les lots de souris traitées 14 jours après l’infection, alors que presque toutes les souris traitées sept jours après l’infection n’ont pas présenté de parasitémie pendant la période d’observation de 63 jours. Cinq chiens ont été infectés avec une souche du parasite, puis traités les jours postinfection suivants : j7 (un chien), j14 (deux chiens) et j21 (deux chiens) à la dose de 2,5 mg/kg, par voie sous-cutanée et pendant deux jours consécutifs. Suite au traitement avec Mel Cy, des améliorations dans la condition clinique des chiens ainsi que des gains de poids ont été enregistrés. Une récurrence de l’infection n’a été observée que dans l’un des deux chien traités 14 jours postinfection. La parasitémie n’a été récurrente ni chez le chien traité sept jours postinfection ni chez ceux traités 21 jours postinfection. Il semble donc que Mel Cy soit efficace, aux doses utilisées dans cette étude, pour traiter la trypanosomose à T. brucei chez les chiens.
Détection de l'ARN et de l'antigène du virus de la rage dans des tissus de chiens infectés naturellement au Nigeria : hybridation in situ et études immunohistochimiques
Authors: Baba S.S.
Published: August 2021

Des tissus post mortem (du cortex cérébral, de l’hippocampe, du cervelet, des ganglions trigéminaux et des glandes salivaires), fixés dans du formaldéhyde et inclus dans de la paraffine, de 25 chiens ont été obtenus dans un laboratoire de diagnostic vétérinaire du Nigeria et soumis à des tests de recherche de l’ARN et de l’antigène du virus de la rage. L’ARN génomique et l’ARN messager (ARNm) du virus de la rage codant pour la glycoprotéine ont été détectés dans les tissus par la technique d’hybridation in situ (HIS) en utilisant des sondes d’ARN à simple brin marquées au 3H. L’antigène du virus de la rage a été mis en évidence par immuno-marquage avec de la peroxydase et le complexe avidine-biotine. L’ARNm viral a été détecté dans les tissus en utilisant des sondes d’ARN marquées à la digoxigénine. Le diagnostic histopathologique par coloration à l’hématoxyline-éosine a révélé des corps de Negri dans les tissus de 8 (32 p. 100) chiens ; 5 (20 p. 100) autres chiens ont présenté des modifications inflammatoires dues à des encéphalites virales sans corps de Negri. L’antigène a été détecté chez 11 (44 p. 100) des chiens examinés, soit dans les tissus des 8 chiens chez lesquels des corps de Negri ont été observés, de 2 des 5 chiens ayant présenté des modifications inflammatoires et d’un chien sur les 12 dont l’histopathologie était négative. L’ARN génomique et l’ARNm ont été détectés dans les tissus de tous les chiens où se trouvait l’antigène, et la distribution des signaux colorant pour les deux méthodes dans les neurones et dans les acini des glandes salivaires a été similaire. L’ARNm était plus abondant que l’ARN génomique et les signaux radioactifs étaient distribués de manière diffuse dans les périkaryons et les processus dendritiques des neurones, et dans les acini et les canaux salivaires. L’ARNm a également été trouvé en abondance dans les neurones et dans les acini avec des sondes marquées à la digoxigénine ; la méthode était plus simple. Par ordre décroissant de quantités, les marqueurs de l’antigène et de l’ARNm étaient les plus nombreux, venaient ensuite ceux de l’ARN génomique et enfin ceux des corps de Negri et d’histopathologie. La méthode de coloration par immunoperoxydase et la technique HIS utilisant des sondes marquées à la digoxigénine peuvent permettre d’effectuer des recherches sur la rage et d’en établir le diagnostic, en particulier dans les pays en développement où cette maladie continue de poser un problème de santé publique de grande importance.
L'état sanitaire des porcs au Nord Cameroun
Authors: Awa Daniel Nzingu , Njoya Aboubakar , Ngo A.C. , Ekue F.N.
Published: August 2021

Une étude a été menée pour identifier, entre autres contraintes, les conditions pathologiques qui affectent la productivité des porcs et leur potentiel en tant que filière de l’élevage dans la zone semi-aride du Nord Cameroun. Les données ont été collectées en trois étapes : une enquête transversale, un suivi des troupeaux sélectionnés au cours d’une année et une inspection de la viande porcine pendant une année. Les résultats ont montré que les infestations dues à Haematopinus suis étaient la condition pathologique la plus fréquente avec une prévalence supérieure à 50 p. 100 dans les troupeaux au cours de la phase de suivi et de 75,8 p. 100 dans un échantillon de 750 porcs abattus. Les gastro-entérites étaient de faible prévalence (4 p. 100), mais fortement associées à la mortalité des porcelets. Les lésions pathologiques importantes pour la santé publique enregistrées à l’inspection de la viande porcine étaient celles de la tuberculose et de la cysticercose avec des prévalences respectivement de 33,2 et 12,3 p. 100. Les résultats de la sérologie indirecte par Elisa effectuée sur 150 échantillons étaient négatifs à 98 p. 100 pour le virus de la peste porcine africaine (PPA), ce qui laisse à penser que la région était indemne de PPA. Cette région pourrait par conséquent être considérée comme une zone favorable au développement de l’industrie porcine dans le pays. L’inspection de la viande de porc et les mesures d’hygiène devraient être mis en œuvre pour assurer la protection de la population humaine contre les viandes infectées.
Anémie infectieuse équine chez les chevaux sauvages au Pantanal, Brésil
Authors: Silva R.A.M.S. , De Abreu U.G.P. , Davila A.M.R. , Ramirez L.
Published: August 2021

Le Pantanal est une grande étendue marécageuse, d’une superficie de 140 000 km2 et situé au centre de l’Amérique du Sud. Au Pantanal, quelques très grandes propriétés (en général de plus de 40 000 ha) hébergent des populations de chevaux sauvages. Le but de cette étude a été d’évaluer la présence de l’anémie infectieuse équine (AIE) chez une population de chevaux sauvages dans une région d´enzootie de l’AIE. Dans cette étude, la séropositivité pour l’AIE a été de 5,6 p. 100 chez les chevaux sauvages, et de 34,1 p. 100 chez les chevaux domestiques appartenant tous à la même propriété. Les taux de prévalence observés chez les chevaux mâles sauvages ont été de 5,7 p. 100 contre 5,3 p. 100 chez les femelles sauvages. Le taux de prévalence observé chez les chevaux mâles domestiques a été de 34,1 p. 100. L’âge moyen des chevaux domestiques séropositifs a été de 9 ans, alors que celui des chevaux domestiques séronégatifs a été de 5,8 ans. L’âge moyen des chevaux sauvages séropositifs a été de 3,2 ans, mais celui des chevaux sauvages séronégatifs a été de 1,7 an. L’influence du sexe n’a pas été observée chez les animaux sauvages. Il y a eu une différence très significative (P < 0,001) entre la prévalence de l’AIE chez les chevaux domestiques et chez les chevaux sauvages dans la propriété étudiée. Les auteurs émettent l’hypothèse que l’homme a été un acteur important dans la transmission du virus de l’AIE aux chevaux domestiques au Pantanal. Cependant, les insectes vecteurs ont probablement joué un rôle fondamental dans la transmission de l’AIE aux populations de chevaux sauvages dans cette région.
L'oestrose ovine au Niger : enquête de prévalence et traitement par le closantel
Authors: Tibayrenc Robert , Roua B. , Moumouni R. , Garba D. , Alassane O. , Dorchies Philippe
Published: August 2021

Une enquête de prévalence a été réalisée à l'abattoir de Niamey, Niger,entre janvier et décembre 1996. Sur les 95 têtes examinées, 63 (66,3 p. 100) étaient parasitées par Oestrus ovis. Le pourcentage d'infestation était de 20 à50 p. 100 au cœur de la saison sèche de mars à juin avec moins de deux larves par tête. Pendant et après la saison des pluies, de juillet à février, le pourcentage d'infestation était de 70 à 100 p. 100, avec jusqu'à 23 larves par porteur en octobre à la fin de la saison des pluies. Aucune hypobiose larvaire n'a été observée bien que l'évolution parasitaire se soit arrêtée pendant la saison chaude et sèche de mars à juin, période durant laquelle de faibles populations résiduelles de larves 2 (L2) ont été présentes. Un essai de traitement avec du closantel, administré par voie orale deux fois à deux mois d'intervalle en période infestante, a été mené en milieu villageois. Deux lots de 49 moutons ont été traités avec des formulations liquides orales, l'une contenant du mébendazole seul (lot témoin), l'autre associant closantel et mébendazole (lot traité). Le gain de poids et, surtout, l'amélioration clinique du lot ayant reçu le closantel étaient significativement différents de ceux du lot témoin (traitement anthelminthique simple). L'intérêt économique du traitement est discuté.
Rendement et composition de banques de fourrages sur le plateau de l'Adamaoua au Cameroun
Authors: Enoh M.B. , Yonkeu Samuel , Pingpoh D.P. , Messiné O. , Maadjou N.
Published: August 2021

En 1991 et 1992 certaines banques de fourrages de Brachiaria ruziziensis Germain et Evrard et Stylosanthes guianensis Aubl. cv. FAO 46004 ont été établies dans la province de l’Adamaoua située sur le plateau Adamaoua au Cameroun. Une étude préliminaire de leur rendement, des teneurs en matières azotées totales (MAT) et en cellulose brute (CB) a fourni des résultats intéressants. En novembre 1996 et février 1997 une autre évaluation a été faite sur ces banques et sur des banques en station expérimentale de conduite similaire. Le rendement en fin de croissance, les teneurs en MAT, en CB, en lignocellulose et la digestibilité cellulasique de la matière organique (DCMO) ont été respectivement de 2 556 kg de matière sèche (MS)/ha, 3,74, 34,04, 38,22 et 39,93 p. 100 pour le Brachiaria en station, et de 2 700 kg MS/ha, 4,26, 33,44, 38,00 et 43,48 p. 100 pour le Brachiaria en milieu paysan. Les valeurs correspondantes pour les pâturages naturels en station ont été respectivement de 2 485 kg MS/ha, 3,28, 38,19, 43,70 et 23,58 p. 100 alors que des banques mixtes (Stylosanthes/Bra- chiaria) ont eu respectivement des valeurs de 3 646 kg MS/ha, 9,33, 39,95, 42,10 et 42,82 p. 100. Les rendements en MS et en MAT des banques fourragères mixtes et des pâturages natu- rels ont été significativement différents (P < 0,01). Les banques de pâturages naturels ont eu des rendements moins importants (P < 0,05) que les banques de Brachiaria. Toutefois, une chute brutale des teneurs en MAT et de la DCMO, ainsi que de la valeur calculée de l’énergie nette de leurs foins respectifs, a été enregistrée. Il est recommandé que les éleveurs respectent les charges préconisées et surtout qu’ils éliminent régulièrement les adventices afin que les banques de fourrages puissent assurer une bonne productivité du bétail.
Concentrations du glutathion érythrocytaire chez des moutons nigérians de la région du Sahel
Authors: Igbokwe I.O. , Bah G.S.
Published: August 2021

Les concentrations du glutathion érythrocytaire de 101 moutons de plusieurs races du Sahel nigérian ont varié de 9,2 à 109,4 (45,1 ± 18,8) mg/dl de globules rouges ou de 0,3 à 3,1 (1,7 ± 0,6) mg/g d’hémoglobine. La majorité des moutons (72,3 p. 100) avaient de faibles concentrations érythrocytaires (< 55 mg/dl de globules rouges). La distribution des fréquences des valeurs a été normale avec des classes modales allant de 41 à 50 mg/dl de globules rouges et de 1,6 à 2,0 mg/g d’hémoglobine. Les valeurs du glutathion érythrocytaire étaient fortement corrélées en termes de milligrammes par décilitre de globules rouges et de milligrammes par gramme d’hémoglobine, mais ne l’étaient pas avec l’hématocrite, l’hémoglobine et l’anémie.
Spectrophotometric analysis of internal bleaching of traumatized teeth with coronal discoloration following regenerative endodontic procedures
Authors: Lazzari Jaqueline , Vieira Walbert , Pecorari Vanessa , Gomes Brenda Paula Figueiredo de Almeida , Almeida José Flávio Affonso de , De-Jesus-Soares Adriana
Published: August 2021

Aim: The objective of this study was to describe a case series concerning internal bleaching of anterior traumatized teeth that underwent regenerative endodontic procedures (REP). Methods: Seven non-vital maxillary anterior teeth discolored after regenerative endodontic procedures were included and divided into two groups according to the medication protocol used in the REP: (1) Triple antibiotic paste (TAP) group (n=4); (2) Calcium hydroxide and 2% chlorhexidine gel (HC+CHX) (n=3). The bleaching technique used was walking bleach, where sodium perborate associated with distilled water was used. Bleaching agent was replaced weekly until the darkened tooth was slightly lighter than the adjacent tooth. The color was recorded with the aid of a digital spectrophotometer in two moments (T1: prior the first session of bleaching, T2: fourteen days after the last session of bleaching). The change in color after the procedure (ΔE) was calculated and reported in a descriptive analysis. Results: The ΔE for all teeth showed color differences exceeding the perceptibility threshold (ΔE > 3.7). Both groups showed similar ΔE (TAP: 18.3 ± 11.5; HC+CHX: 14 ± 11.2) at the end of the treatment. The average number of sessions needed to achieve satisfactory results was 1.7 ± 0.6 for HC+CHX group and 2.3 ± 0.5 for TAP group. Conclusion: Internal bleaching with sodium perborate associated with distilled water is effective in treating discolored teeth after regenerative endodontic procedures.
In Vitro Comparison of Antifungal Activity between Epigallocatechin Gallate EGCG) and Nystatin on Candida Sp. Stored Isolates in HIV/AIDS Patients with Oral Candidiasis
Authors: Wibisono Yusuf , Hidayati Afif Nurul , Sawitri Sawitri , Prakoeswa Cita Rosita Sigit , Zulkarnain Iskandar , Ervianti Evy , Rahmadewi Rahmadewi , Hendradri Esti , Endraswari Pepy Dwi , Murtiastutik Dwi
Published: August 2021

Background: Oral candidiasis is an oral infection caused by Candida albicans. It is one of the most common opportunistic infections found in patients with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)/Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS). Due to growing resistance and side effects to common antifungal drugs in recent years, there have been many studies on naturalsubstances as antifungal agents. In this study, Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) were examined for in vitro antifungal activity against Candida strains. Purpose: To compare the in vitro antifungal activity of EGCG and nystatin towards Candida sp. isolate in HIV/AIDS patients with oral candidiasis. Methods: This research was an experimental laboratory study conducted at the Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya. Forty isolates of Candida albicans and Candida non-albicans were included. The isolates were tested for antifungal activity using the well diffusion and microdilution method for nystatin 1000 IU and EGCG 1.25%. Result: Diffusion test results showed a greater inhibition zone for nystatin against all analyzed Candida strains with an average diameter for Candida albicans formed by EGCG of 2.15 mm and 7.4 mm for Candida non-albicans. Meanwhile, based on the microdilution test, EGCG was better than nystatin towards all analyzed Candida strains. This study showed EGCG Minimum Fungicidal Concentration (MFC) as high as 50% (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Nystatin antifungal activity was better than EGCG supported by a greater inhibition zone in the well diffusion method. However, the antifungal activity of EGCG was better than nystatin based on microdilution methods.
Risk Factor Profile and Quality of Life of Psoriasis Vulgaris
Authors: Naufal As'ad , Damayanti Damayanti , Kusumastuti Etty Hary , Hidayati Afif Nurul
Published: August 2021

Background: Psoriasis is an autoimmune human skin disease. It is a chronic and recurrent lesion characterized by erythema patches with well-defined borders with rough, multi-layered, and transparent scales with a significant negative impact on patients' quality of life. Several risk factors for psoriasis can decrease patient’ quality of life. Purpose: To determine the risk factor profile and quality of life of psoriasis patients at the dermatology and venereology outpatient clinic at Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital Surabaya.  Methods: This was a cross-sectional study involving new and control psoriasis patients. Their risk factors were evaluated using questionnaires, and their quality of life was measured using the DLQI questionnaires. The data was collected at the Dermatology and Venereology outpatient unit Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital Surabaya. Result: Of the 24 patients, the biggest risk factor for psoriasis patients was trauma/ Koebner phenomenon, as reported in 15 patients (62.5%), and 11 patients’ (45.8%) quality of life was affected. Conclusion: Trauma was the largest risk factor for psoriasis, and psoriasis has significantly affected patient’ quality of life.
Clinical Manifestation and Management of Terrestrial Animal Bites
Authors: Sasmito Emma Hidayati , Sawitri Sawitri
Published: August 2021

Background: Terrestrial animal bites wounds are injuries caused by terrestrial animals' mouths and teeth. Aerobic and nonaerobic bacteria cause 30–60% of the secondary bacterial infections due to animal bites. Rabies is an infectious disease and it is the most dangerous viral infection caused by animal bites. Also, venomous animal bites can be fatal and cause death if not treated well. Purpose: To identify the clinical manifestation, first aid, and management of terrestrial animal bites to reduce morbidity and mortality. Review: Wounds and crush injuries caused by animal bites are prone to infection. Aerobic bacteria, such as Pasteurella multocida, Staphylococcus spp. (including methicillin–resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)), Capnocytophaga canimorsus, and Bartonella henselae, and anaerobic bacteria, such as Porphyromonas spp. are commonly found pathogens in animal bite wounds. Rabies, the most dangerous viral infection, occurs in wounds infected by the rabies virus. The virus enters the nerve tissue, multiplies, and spreads to the central nervous system. This can cause disability, and it is life-threatening. In snakebites, management of basic life support, transportation to the hospital, clinical assessment, and immediate resuscitation are the most important procedures. Conclusion: Animal bite wounds are injuries caused by animals' mouths and teeth. Dogs, cats, and snakes are terrestrial animals that most likely attack humans. Proper diagnosis, first aid, and comprehensive management are needed to reduce morbidity and mortality.
Internet and Smartphone Addiction of Staff Working in an Adolescent Addiction Treatment Center
Authors: KARDAŞ Ömer , KARDAŞ Burcu
Published: August 2021

Objective: In this study, it was aimed to evaluate the level of smart phone and internet addiction among the staff working in the substance dependence treatment center serving children and adolescents under the age of 18.

Method: The study included 30 people from different professions working in the child adolescent substance dependence treatment center. Participants were given a sociodemographic data form, Smartphone Addiction Scale-Short Version (SAS-SV) and Short Form of Young’s Internet Addiction Test (YIAT-SF).

Results: The mean score of the SAS-SV is 25.3 ± 11.4 and YIAT-SF is 19.2 ± 8.3. These values are accepted as low-moderate. A negative significant correlation was found between age and YIAT-SF. Also, a positive significant correlation was found between both scale scores.

Conclusions: Internet and smartphone addictions of staff working in the adolescent addiction service were found to be similar to the results of studies conducted with other healthcare professionals. The data obtained from the study were discussed with the current literature. In this regard, there is a need for studies involving staff working in different dependence treatment centers and units.
Adolesanlarda Anemi
Authors: ÇETİN Fatma , YALAKİ Zahide , ALİOGLU Bulent
Published: August 2021

AMAÇ: Çocuk polikliniklerimize başvuran adolesanlarda anemi sıklığının ve etkileyen etmenlerin araştırılması amaçlanmıştır.

GEREÇ VE YÖNTEM: Çalışmaya Ankara Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi çocuk polikliniğine 2013-2015 tarihleri arasında başvuran, herhangi bir nedenle kan alınması gereken 12-17 yaş arası 515 adolesan alındı. Çalışmaya alınan gruba anket formu verildi ve adolesanlardan kan örnekleri çalışıldı.

BULGULAR: Çalışmaya katılan adolesanların 298’i (%57,9) kız ve 217’si (%42,1) erkek idi. Adolesanların %23,5’i (n=121) mide ağrısı, %22,6’i (n=116) ekstremitelerde uyuşma, karıncalanma, %20,1’i (n=108) halsizlik, %17,9’u (n=92) kontrol amaçlı kanlarına baktırmak için, %15,1’i (n=78) baş ağrısı şikayeti ile başvurmuştu Adolesanlarda anemi, demir eksikliği anemisi, demir eksikliği, vitamin B12 eksikliği prevelansları sırasıyla %19; %15,1; %19,2; %28,9 olarak bulundu. Kızlarda 15 -17 yaş grubunda anemi, demir eksikliği anemisi, demir eksikliği ve vitamin B12 eksikliği daha fazla saptandı (sırasıyla p=0,007; p=0,025; p
Investigating the Causes and Incidence of Mortality in Patients Using Biological Disease Modifying Antirheumatic Drug (DMARD) and the Mortality Rates Thereof Compared to the General Population
Authors: BALCI Mehmet Ali , AKYOL Lütfi
Published: August 2021

AIM: Disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) are used in the treatment of most rheumatological diseases (1). There is a number of studies availabile in the literature, in which the effect of DMARDs on mortality has been investigated; however these studies were generally performed on rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and on tumor necrosis factor inhibitors (TNFi) in particular (2-5). Hence, we aimed to conduct a more comprehensive study investigating the effects of using abatacept, adalimumab, certolizumab pegol, etanercept, golimumab, infliximab, rituximab, secukinumab, tofacitinib and tocilizumab on mortality in patients with RA, ankylosing spondylitis (AS), psoriatic arthritis (PsA), Behçet's disease, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), Takayasu's arteritis, systemic sclerosis (SSc), Sjogren's syndrome and other rheumatological diseases.

MATERIAL AND METHOD: 847 patients that have used bDMARDs were included in our study. Age, gender, diagnosis and treatment information of these patients were retrospectively scanned and recorded. Death records were obtained from the National Death Notification Service (6), whereas the population records were obtained from the Turkish Statistical Institute (7). bDMARD-related incidence rates (IRs) for mortality was calculated.

RESULTS: A total of 847 patients, 464 (54.8%) of whom were female and 383 (45.2%) of whom were male, were included in the study. Mortality occurred in a total of 18 patients (2.1%) during the treatment process. Of these 18 patients, 5 patients were using rituximab, 4 patients were using infliximab, 3 patients were using adalimumab, 3 patients were using etanercept, 2 patients were using tocilizumab, and 1 patient were using golimumab. In terms of the mortalities by the type of diagnosis, 13 mortalities occurred in the group of patients diagnosed with RA, whereas 1 mortality occurred in each of the groups consisting of patients diagnosed with AS, PsA, Takayasu arteritis, granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Wegener) or SSc. The overall mortality incidence of the patients was calculated as 5.28 cases per 1000 years. Compared to the general population, the standardized mortality ratio (SMR) of the patients using bDMARDs was found to be 3.147 ((confidence interval (CI): 1.924-4.877)).

CONCLUSIONS: Our study is the first mortality study conducted in Turkey on patients with rheumatologic disease that use bDMARDs. The incidence rate (IR) for mortality we have found in patients using bDMARDs was comparable to the IRs reported in the literature, however we have found a higher standart mortalie ratio (SMR) in our cohort compared to the Turkish population. In this respect, it is necessary to conduct larger-scale controlled studies.
Continue with ICU care – she is a spiritual being
Authors: Nortjé Nico , Terrell Karen N
Published: August 2021

This case study discusses a dispute between the healthcare team and the patient’s surrogate decision maker at a cancer centre. While the healthcare team deemed further care to be futile, the patient’s husband argued that they should continue to try to reverse his wife’s acute decline. This case study illustrates the inertia and moral distress that can result when there are differences between patients/surrogates and the healthcare team in their goals for intensive care. The issues of moral distress and an inability to make decisions were addressed by involving an ethics consultant, and by creating institutional mechanisms to address end-of-life issues at an earlier stage.
Caroll's pyramid in Greek Businesses - A Cross Sectional Study
Authors: Dragotis Efthimios
Published: August 2021

The business practices and the vast academic research on the field have shown that even in the years of the great economic recession, there CSR and Ethics in business environment are still on the spotlight. The current study is conducted in Greece and is a cross-sector analysis. The study aims to evaluate if the concept of Carroll’s pyramid (1991) is still applied nowadays. This model expresses the business priorities, admitting that the rational business prioritizes profit as the base of the pyramid, followed by a legal way of operating, followed by ethical and philanthropic responsibilities. However, the growing interest on CSR and ethical issues may set this model on question. Baden (2016) has developed a critical evaluation that showing that the priorities have been changed. We employ a similar methodology to evaluate these priorities within the Greek business environment. A sample of 950 participants has been employed. The sample is consisted of various business hierarchy employees, from various Greek cities. The results show that despite the bad economic situation of the country, the economic responsibilities are not ranked on highest position: legal and ethical responsibilities are prioritized against economic responsibilities. These results confirm the findings of Baden (2016) and contribute on the relevant literature considering the necessity of CSR and Ethical issues in business environment nowadays.
Comparison of Assistive Orthopedic Products using the Pugh Matrix. A Universal Design and Ergonomics Approach
Authors: López Alana Rosa , Hernández Arellano Juan Luis , Estrada Meneses Edson Francisco
Published: August 2021

The objective of this article is to analyze the relationship between universal design and ergonomics as key factors in the design and selection of assistive products developing a comparison using the Pugh matrix. A group of users was interviewed to determine the design requirements of aid products and then, the products available in the market were evaluated to determine which could be the best. The user’s needs were identified through the evaluations among patients with rheumatoid arthritis focusing on universal and ergonomic design and sixty-nine assistive products were selected. The Pugh matrix was applied to compare and evaluate them based on design criteria. The results indicate that accessibility products must be more efficient in terms of reach, grip, apprehension, pincer grasp, materials, and the force required to use the product. However, the aesthetics of the design was a key factor for the user to select the product and feel more comfortable when using it.
Comparación de métodos de optimización para un experimento con múltiples variables de respuesta
Authors: Mendoza-Gallardo Judith , Rodríguez-Picón Luis Alberto
Published: August 2021

Dentro del proceso de experimentación estadística existen ciertas variables que en conjunto determinan las condiciones ideales de múltiples variables de respuesta. Un reto importante dentro de la optimización de modelos creados a partir de experimentos recae precisamente en las situaciones en que la calidad de un producto es función de múltiples variables de respuesta y dadas estas condiciones resulta necesario establecer estrategias precisas que permitan optimizar todas las respuestas a la vez. En este trabajo se experimentó con tres métodos de optimización con el propósito de encontrar el mejor de ellos y la estrategia capaz de optimizar las funciones que consisten en más de una característica crítica. El objetivo del artículo es encontrar la estrategia capaz de arrojar las condiciones óptimas de dos variables de respuesta, condicionadas por restricciones iniciales. Los resultados de optimización obtenidos a través de los métodos considerados fueron similares en cuanto al logro de los objetivos de optimización planteados.
Remoción de cefalosporinas con aluminosilicatos
Authors: Rivera Pérez Zaira Magnolia , Torres Pérez Jonatan , Reyes López Simón Yobanny
Published: August 2021

La presencia de contaminantes emergentes, como los antibióticos, representa una gran preocupación debido a los efectos que causa en los ecosistemas y la salud de los humanos. El mayor impacto de este tipo de contaminantes es la resistencia bacteriana en medios naturales, principalmente en el agua, y aunque existen métodos para removerlos, las trazas de antibióticos no pueden ser retiradas completamente por las plantas tratadoras de aguas residuales (PTAR). La adsorción es uno de los procesos para remover antibióticos del agua residual y los aluminosilicatos (Al-Si), naturales o modificados, son compuestos adsorbentes que no han recibido la suficiente atención, sin embargo, algunos estudios han demostrado su eficacia para remover antibióticos betalactámicos, como las cefalosporinas de primera, segunda, tercera y cuarta generación. Precisamente, esta familia de medicamentos es la principal causante de resistencia bacteriana en ambientes nosocomiales y naturales. El uso de Al-Si modificados con surfactantes, como bromuro de hexadeciltimetilamonio (HDTMA-Br), bromuro dodeciltrimetil amonio (DTAB) y nanopartículas de óxidos, es una alternativa promisoria para el tratamiento avanzado de aguas contaminadas con antibióticos. Algunas investigaciones han encontrado una mejora de 61% en el proceso de sorción de cefalexina con Al-Si modificados con nanopartículas metálicas y, por otro lado, un aumento del 65% en el proceso de remoción del mismo antibiótico cuando son modificados con Fe3O4. Lo anterior pone de manifiesto que la modificación superficial de los Al-Si mejoran considerablemente el proceso de adsorción de cefalosporinas
Approaches to Control Mechanisms and Their Implications for Companies ’ Profitability: a Study in UAE
Authors: Ahmed Essia Ries , Tariq Tawfeeq Yousif Alabdullah  , Muhammad Shabir Shaharudin
Published: August 2021

This study tries to evaluate and test the role of control mechanisms represented by foreign ownership and insider ownership on companies’ profitability in the listed companies in the UAE and whether independent variables are matter in determining the profitability of such companies. This study utilized companies belong to non-financial sector for the year of 2019 with a sample of 50 companies to be analyzed in the current study. To test the independent and dependent variables, regression analysis was used via using SPSS. The findings show that insider ownership has insignificant impact on companies’ profitability On the other hand, the findings revealed evidence to support the effect of foreign ownership on companies’ profitability. Moreover, there is insignificant evidence reflected the fact that companies’ size has insignificant impact on companies’ profitability. This study added further evidence in Dubai context where there is a rare and unique studies that have been done in this important context. It takes in tits account to investigate both insider and foreign ownership and their impact companies’ profitability
Independensi, Integritas, Serta Kompetensi Auditor Terhadap Kualitas Audit dengan Skeptisisme Profesional Sebagai Variabel Pemoderasi
Authors: Santoso Rizky Darmawan , Budi Riharjo Ikhsan , Kurnia Kurnia
Published: August 2021

Abstract

             The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of independence, integrity and competence on audit quality and find out if it is proven that professional skepticism is able to moderate the effect of independence, integrity, competence, respectively on audit quality. The data collection method used is by distributing questionnaires to all public accounting firms (KAP) in the city of Surabaya. The sample selection technique uses a purposive sampling technique with KAP auditors as research subjects. The results showed that the higher the independence, integrity and competence, the better the audit quality would be. The moderating variable professional skepticism is able to moderate the positive influence of independence on audit quality, and negatively moderate the effect of integrity on audit quality but is not able to moderate the effect of competence on audit quality.

Keywords: independence, integrity, competence, professional skepticism, audit quality.
Influence Of Price Discount, In-Store Display, And Shopping Lifestyle On Impulse Buying At Umama Gallery Sidoarjo
Authors: Nur Hidayah Meizar , Komala Sari Dewi
Published: August 2021

This study aims to determine the effect of price discount, in-store display, and shopping lifestyle on impulse buying at Umama Gallery Sidoarjo. The method used in this research is a quantitative approach. Sampling was done by using non-probability sampling method with purposive sampling type with a total of 100 respondents who had visited and bought products at Umama Gallery Sidoarjo. The data analysis technique in this study uses multiple linear regression using the IBM SPSS Statistics version 21 program. The results show that price discount have an influence on impulse buying, in-store display have an influence on impulse buying, shopping lifestyle has an influence on impulse buying, and price discount, in-store display, and shopping lifestyle have a simultaneous influence on impulse buying.
The Effectiveness of Online Learning for Low Grades in Elementary Schools
Authors: Ari Susandi  , Khosiah Nur , Soliha Imro Atus
Published: August 2021

The purpose of this study is to describe the effectiveness of learning during low-grade classes at Muhammadiyah elementary school in the city of Probolinggo which still has some depth in applying it using qualitative descriptive research methods then for the data technique using a questionnaire or online questionnaire using the google form feature which is shared. to 133 respondents from guardians of grade one to grade three with data sources obtained from principals, educators, parents, students, learning with an online system (brave) is still effectively carried out by implementing several strategies, we can see that it has not been effectively done By implementing several strategies, we can see that the results of the questionnaire that have been distributed to all respondents through online media in the form of google form have not been effective, there are still many who respond disagree with the five questions that have been made and asked to students and it seems that it is not yet effective.
Analysis of Motivation and How The Students Learn in Pandemic
Authors: Wahyuddin  , Maharida  , Jusriadi Edi , Syafaruddin
Published: August 2021

This study aimed to analyze and describe the level of learning motivation and students’ learning, as well as the obstacles faced by students in online learning during  pandemic. This type of research was a qualitative descriptive study conducted at University of Muhammadiyah Makassar during March-April 2020. The population were 19,810, determining the number of samples with the Slovin formula so that the samples were 724 people. The sampling technique was accidental sampling. The method of collecting data using questionnaires that were distributed through google forms. The data analysis technique was descriptive qualitative to describe the research variables. Findings of the study conclude that: 1) Although the learning obstacles faced by students during the pandemic are quite a lot, but student learning motivation is in the high category with mean score is 4,11. Students’ motivation is seen from the indicators desire to succeed, the need for learning, the expectation of students' aspirations for their future, independent learning because of their own desires, committed to learning, having initiative in learning, and having an optimistic attitude in learning; 2) The way students learn is in the pandemic era in the good category with mean score is 3.51. Students have their own way of learning such as arrange learning schedule, rehearse the learning material, spend time reading books, articles and references, and make a summary of the material that has been discussed; 3) Learning constraints faced by students in the pandemic period are in the high category with  mean score is 3.69.
Analysis Of Rme Learning Models In Improving Mathematics Learning Outcomes Of Elementary School Students
Authors: Lestari Andria Putri , Putra Deni Adi , Faradita Meirza Nanda
Published: August 2021

The learning model has an important role in the implementation of learning activities that will be carried out by educators. Learning models can help educators in achieving predetermined learning goals. This study aims to analyze the application of the Realistic Mathematic Education (RME) learning model in improving mathematics learning outcomes of elementary school students. This type of research is qualitative research using meta-analysis methods. This research begins by formulating research problems, searching for relevant data or journals available in electronic media (Google Scholar) for data analysis. Data collection techniques are obtained from searching journals that are relevant to the research to be analyzed which are available in electronic media (Google Scholar). Data from search results obtained 10 relevant journals. Based on the analysis of learning models Realistic Mathematic Education (RME) can improve student learning outcomes with a total percentage reaching 82.77%. Internal factors (physical and spiritual) and external factors (family, school, and community) can also affect learning outcomes obtained by elementary school students. Based on this research, the application of the Realistic Mathematic Education (RME) learning model for elementary school students can be a suggestion to be applied and developed in elementary schools so that it can improve student learning outcomes.
Effects of Treating Prosopis Juliflora Pods with Multi-Enzyme, with and Without Bacterial Cultures on In-Vitro Dry Matter Digestibility (IVDMD), Fermentation Kinetics and Performance of Growing Pigs
Authors: MARII DAVID , Basole Olivier Kashongwe , King’ori Anthony
Published: August 2021

This study was conducted to determine the effects of treating Prosopis juliflora pods with multi-enzyme and bacterial cultures on in-vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD), fermentation kinetics and performance of growing pigs. Experiment one consisted of a pepsin-pancreatine hydrolysis method to simulate in-vitro, the pig digestive system and was followed by in-vitro gas production to assess fermentation kinetics. Samples of ground Prosopis pod meal (GPPM) were allocated to four treatments with three replicates each. Treatments included GPPM treated with multi-enzyme (Natuzyme®) (T1); Untreated (GPPM) (T2); GPPM fermented with (Lactobacillus plantarum MTD1 Ecosyl ®) (T3) and GPPM treated using natural fermentation (T4). The second experiment assessed the performance of pigs fed the best treatment from experiment 1. Thirty Landrace x Large white crosses of 20 ± 2 Kg were allotted to five treatments with six pigs each (replicates). The dietary treatments were PC -0% GPPM + Enzyme; NC − 0% GPPM and 0% Enzyme; D1–10% GPPM + Enzyme; D2- 20% GPPM + Enzyme; and D3- 30% GPPM + Enzyme. The completely randomized block design was used for both experiments. Enzyme treatment (T1) and T3 improved the IVDMD of the GPPM compared to T2 by 3.68% and 1.2% respectively (p < 0.05). Cumulative gas was highest and Tmax lowest for T1 but significantly different only to T4 (p < 0.05). Average daily gain and intake was highest for pigs fed GPPM up to 10% (PC, D1). Feed conversion ratio increased with the level of GPPM in the diet. Results suggest Prosopis juliflora pods treated with enzymes can be added in pig diets up to 30%.
Photoluminescence Optimization of Ca3(PO4)2:Eu3+ Phosphors By Crystallinity Improvement And Charge Compensation
Authors: KIM D.H. , PI J.W. , JUNG G.W. , KIM J.S. , Park K.
Published: August 2021

In this study, in order to improve the photoluminescence properties of Ca3(PO4)2:Eu3+ phosphors, alkali metal ions (Li+, Na+, and K+) were doped into the Ca2.91(PO4)2:Eu3+ phosphors, and the effects of alkali metal ions on the structural and optical properties were investigated. The alkali metal ions significantly enhanced the emission intensity and improved the emission color quality because they induced the charge balance, improved the crystalline quality, and stabilized the crystal structure, namely, the alkali metal ions in Ca3(PO4)2:Tb3+ acted as both charge compensators and fluxes. Of the alkali metal ions used, Li+ was an optimal cation to improve the emission intensity and color purity. The Ca2.82(PO4)2:0.09Eu3+, 0.09Li+ phosphor showed a 40% stronger red emission intensity than that of the Ca2.91(PO4)2:0.09Eu3+ phosphor. We demonstrate that incorporating alkali metal ions, especially Li+, is important to improve the emission intensity and color purity.
EML1 is essential for retinal photoreceptor localization and light detection
Authors: Poria Deepak , Sun Chi , Santeford Andrea , Kielar Michel , Apte Rajendra S. , Kisselev Oleg G. , Chen Shimming , Kefalov Vladimir J.
Published: August 2021

Calcium regulates the response sensitivity, kinetics and adaptation in photoreceptors. In striped bass cones, this calcium feedback includes direct modulation of the transduction cyclic nucleotide-gated (CNG) channels by the calcium-binding protein CNG-modulin. However, the possible role of EML1, the mammalian homolog of CNG-modulin, in modulating phototransduction in mammalian photoreceptors has not been examined. Here, we used mice expressing mutant Eml1 to investigate its role in the development and function of mouse photoreceptors using immunostaining, in-vivo and ex-vivo retinal recordings, and single-cell suction recordings. We found that the mutation of Eml1 causes significant changes in the mouse retinal structure characterized by mislocalization of rods and cones in the inner retina. Consistent with the fraction of mislocalized photoreceptors, rod and cone-driven retina responses were reduced in the mutants. However, the Eml1 mutation had no effect on the dark-adapted responses of rods in the outer nuclear layer. Notably, we observed no changes in the cone sensitivity in the Eml1 mutant animals, either in darkness or during light adaptation, ruling out a role for EML1 in modulating cone CNG channels. Together, our results suggest that EML1 plays an important role in retina development but does not modulate phototransduction in mammalian rods and cones.
Delivery, Feeding and Gender Differently Contribute to Infant Gut Microbiota Development
Authors: Ding Juan , Ma Xiao , Ren Hongyan , Zhi Chenyang , Xin Qi , Li Zhen , Han Liping , Zhao Xianlan , Zhuo Zhihong , Li Ang , Liu Chao , Ren Zhigang
Published: August 2021

To characterize gut microbiome of the infant during the first year of life and assess the different contributions of delivery mode, feeding mode and infant gender to gut microbial development. We collected 314 faecal samples from 80 infants at 5 time points of 0, 1st, 3rd, 6th and 12th months prospectively, and finally 213 samples completed Miseq sequencing and analysis. We characterized gut microbiome of the infant at the different phases and evaluated the different contributions of delivery mode, feeding mode and gender to gut microbial development. Delivery mode, gender and feeding mode were the strongest factors determining gut microbiome colonization at 0 months, from 1 month to 6 months and 12 months, respectively. Four genera including Bifidobacterium, Bacteroides, Parabacteroides and Phascolarctobacterium were increased, whereas 10 genera e.g. Salmonella and Enterobacter were reduced, in vaginal delivery versus cesarean section. Two genera including Peptostreptococcaceae incertae sedis and Anaerococcus were increased, whereas 3 genera e.g. Coriobacteriaceae uncultured were reduced, in exclusive breastfeeding versus combined feeding. This study indicated the contribution degrees of delivery mode, feeding mode and gender to gut microbial initiation and evolvement, and reported microbial differences induced by the different delivery mode, feeding mode and gender.
A Novel Optimization Method for Halbach Magnet
Authors: Jiang Wenjuan , Li Junzhou , Sheng Didi
Published: August 2021

Portable nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) instruments are widely used in many fields. However, the large volume, low uniformity and end effect limits the application of portable NMR instruments. In order to improve the uniformity and compensate the end effect, a Halbach structure with 9-layer permanent magnet is proposed, which is optimized by axially adjusting the magnet height based on the Halbach array principle and Quality factor (Q) is introduced to represent the magnetic field uniformity at both ends of the central cylinder region. Each layer consists of 16 permanent magnets with trapezoidal cross section and the total volume is Φ240 × 141.8 mm. Through simulation, it is found that the final magnetic flux density is 1.09 T and the uniformity is 418 ppm in the central region (Φ20 × 20 mm) of the optimized structure. The proposed structure has the advantages of small size, compactness in structure and homogeneity, which is very suitable for portable NMR systems.
Maize Hybrids: Mega-Environments in Java Island, Indonesia
Authors: Wicaksana Noladhi , Maulana Haris , Yuwariah Yuyun , Suryadi Edy , Supriatna Jajang , Ruswandi Dedi
Published: August 2021

Identification of grain yields on stable and high yielding maize hybrids in a wide environment requires high accuracy. There were many stability measurement methods used in multi-environment experiments. However, the relationship between each measurement was still difficult to understand. The objectives of this study were to: 1. identified the effect of growing season, location, hybrids (genotypes), and their interactions (GEIs) on grain yields; 2. determined the relationship between each stability measurement; 3. selected the stable and high yielding maize hybrids in a wide environment; and 4. determined favorable (discriminativeness) locations for testing. The field experiment was conducted at eight locations in Java island, Indonesia during two seasons used a randomized completed block design with three replications. The experimental results showed that the main effects of growing season, location, hybrid, and GEIs, had a significant effect on maize hybrid yields. Stability measurements S(3), S(6), NP(2), NP(3), NP(4), and CVi, belong to the concept of dynamic stability that can be used to selected maize hybrids in favorable environments, while other measurements were classified as in the concept of static stability. Two maize hybrids were successfully selected to have high and stable yields based on numerical and visual measurements, namely SC3 and SC9. The two hybrids can be used as candidates for a sustainable maize development program. GJRS and KARS were the most discriminativeness environments. Both can be used as a favorable environment for selecting the ideal maize hybrid.