bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SIRT1 enhances oxaliplatin resistance in colorectal cancer through microRNA‐20b‐3p/DEPDC1 axis
Authors: Zhao Bin , Wang Yuncui , Zhao Xingwang , Ni Jian , Zhu Xiaowen , Fu Yan , Yang Fan
Published: October 2022

Oxaliplatin (L‐OHP) is a standard treatment drug for colorectal cancer (CRC), but acquired drug resistance limits the outcome of patients. We investigated the involvement of sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) in L‐OHP resistance in the setting of CRC via microRNA‐20b‐3p/DEP domain containing 1 (miR‐20b‐3p/DEPDC1) axis. CRC tissues that were resistant or sensitive to L‐OHP were harvested, in which SIRT1, miR‐20b‐3p, and DEPDC1 levels were tested. L‐OHP‐resistant‐resistant CRC cells were transfected, subsequently, cellular proliferation, invasion, migration, and apoptosis were tested, and tumor resistance to L‐OHP was observed. The binding of SIRT1 to miR‐20b‐3p promoter and the targeting relationship between miR‐20b‐3p and DEPDC1 were verified. An aberrant elevation in SIRT1 expression was seen in L‐OHP‐resistant CRC tissues and cells. Knockdown of SIRT1 sensitized CRC cells and xenografted CRC tumors to L‐OHP. SIRT1 bound with miR‐20b‐3p promoter to regulate DEPDC1. Reducing miR‐20b‐3p or raising DEPDC1 levels weakened the effect of SIRT1 knockdown on L‐OHP‐resistant‐CRC cells. SIRT1 enhances L‐OHP resistance in CRC by mediating miR‐20b‐3p/DEPDC1 axis.
Bioinformatics analysis of markers based on m6A related to prognosis combined with immune invasion of renal clear cell carcinoma
Authors: Liu Lian , Zhuang Meng , Tu Xin‐hua , Li Cheng‐cheng , Liu Hong‐hui , Wang Jing
Published: October 2022

The incidence rate of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is about 3% of all adult cancers. Of these, the Kidney clear cell renal cell carcinoma (KIRC) is the most common type, accounting for about 70%–75% of RCC. KIRC is difficult to be detected in time clinically. KIRC still has no effective treatment at this stage. We combined high‐throughput bioinformatics analysis to obtained the structural sequence transcriptome data, relevant clinical information, and m6A gene map of KIRC patients from genomics TCGA database. Pearson's correlation analysis was used to explore m6A related gene long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), and then univariate Cox regression analysis was performed to screen the prognostic role of KIRC patients. Lasso–Cox regression was performed to establish the lncRNAs risk model associated with m6 A.LINC02154 and AC016773.2, Z98200.2, AL161782.1, EMX2OS, AC021483.2, CD27‐AS1, AC006213.3 were iidentif. Compared with the low‐risk group, the overall survival of patients in the high‐risk group was significantly worse. Analyzing whether there are differences in immune cells between high‐risk and low‐risk subgroups. There were CD4 memory resting, Monocytes, Macrophages M1, Dendritic cells activated, Mast cells resting, which had higher infiltrations in the low‐risk group. We performed Go enrichment analysis, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analysis and gene set enrichment analysis enrichment analysis. Overall, our results suggest that the component of m6A‐related lncRNAs in the prognostic signal may be a key mediator in the immune microenvironment of KIRC, which represents a promising therapeutic effect.
A case of Huntington disease‐like 2 in a patient of African ancestry: the everlasting support of clinical examination in the molecular era
Authors: Ruscitti Federica , Origone Paola , Rosti Giulia , Trevisan Lucia , Marchese Roberta , Brugnolo Andrea , Massa Federico , Castellini Paola , Mandich Paola
Published: October 2022

Chorea, cognitive decline, and psychiatric symptoms are shared by Huntington’s disease (HD) and similar conditions called HD phenocopies. We describe the first case reported in Italy of Huntington disease‐like 2 (HDL2), clinically and radiologically indistinguishable from HD, showing the importance of considering African ancestry in the diagnostic process.
Phase/Size‐Controlled Synthesis of Nanostructured PbO2Microspheres for Efficient Electrochemical Ozone Generation
Authors: Yu Qiuyang , Hu Xiaohong
Published: October 2022

Traditional electrochemically prepared lead dioxide (e‐PbO2) is one of the most used electrode materials for electrochemical ozone production (EOP), because of its high catalytic activity, excellent electrical conductivity, relative stability and low cost. But the electrochemically prepared conditions are complicated and harsh. Bulk PbO2electrodes have the very limited surface area and are inconvenient to process into the fine film electrodes for a PEM electrolyser. In contrast, chemical synthesis is easy to prepare uniform PbO2catalysts with high surface area and catalytic activity. Here, a facile one‐pot approach to prepare a highly active PbO2microsphere catalyst was established and used for the EOP reaction in a PEM ozone generator. Sodium hydroxide could be used to regulate the relative content of α/β allotropic phase and crystallite size of PbO2microspheres. Experiment results revealed that high β phase content and large β‐PbO2crystallite size were beneficial to the high EOP activity. By optimizing the composition and crystal structure, chemically prepared PbO2could have much better EOP performance than e‐PbO2.
Continuous‐Flow Divergent Lithiation of 2,3‐Dihalopyridines: Deprotolithiation versus Halogen Dance
Authors: Brégent Thibaud , Ivanova Maria V. , Poisson Thomas , Jubault Philippe , Legros Julien
Published: October 2022

We describe herein the first halogen dance (HD) in continuous flow on 2‐chloro‐3‐bromopyridine by selectively trapping a (pyridin‐4‐yl)lithium species that is known to undergo the halogen‐dance process. In addition, this lithiated intermediate was trapped at lower temperature before the HD occurs. The HD process was extended to fluoro‐iodopyridines by using various electrophiles to afford 28 examples with yields ranging from 42 to 97 % with very short residence times. Finally, scale up of the reaction was demonstrated, affording a promising space‐time yield (STY) of 4.2 kg.h−1.L−1.
Pentacyclic and Hexacyclic Osmaarynes and Their Derivatives
Authors: Fei Yang Xiao , Zhang Ming‐Xing , Bin Fu De , Wang Yang , Yin Jun , Hua Liu Sheng
Published: October 2022

Although osmabenzyne, osmanaphthalyne, osmaphenanthryne, and osmaanthracyne have been previously reported, the synthesis of polycyclic osmaarynes is still a challenge. Herein, we report the successful synthesis of the first pentacyclic osmaarynes (pyreno[b]osmabenzynes1 aand2 a) and hexacyclic osmaaryne (peryleno[b]osmabenzyne3 a). Nucleophilic reaction of osmaarynes was used to obtain the corresponding pyreno[b]osmium complexes (1and2) and peryleno[b] osmium complex (3), which exhibited near‐infrared luminescence and aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) properties. Complexes2and3are resistant to photodegradation, and complex2has better photothermal conversion properties than3.
Size Selectivity in Heterolanthanide Molecular Complexes with a Ditopic Ligand
Authors: Bellucci Luca , Fioravanti Lorenzo , Armelao Lidia , Bottaro Gregorio , Marchetti Fabio , Pineider Francesco , Poneti Giordano , Samaritani Simona , Labella Luca
Published: October 2022

The similar reactivity of lanthanides generally leads to statistically populated polynuclear complexes, making the rational design of ordered hetero‐lanthanide compounds extremely challenging. Here we report on the site selectivity in hetero‐lanthanide tetranuclear complexes afforded by the relatively simple ditopic pyterpyNO ligand (4’‐(4‐pyridil)‐2,2’:6’,2”‐terpyridine N‐oxide). The sequential room temperature reaction of RE2(tta)6(pyterpyNO)2 (where RE=Y, (1); Eu, (2), Dy, (3) Htta=2‐thenoyltrifluoroacetone) with La(tta)3dme (dme=dimethoxyethane) yielded Y2La2(tta)12(pyterpyNO)2 (4), Dy2La2(tta)12(pyterpyNO)2 (5) and Eu2La2(tta)12(pyterpyNO)2 (6). Single crystals X‐ray diffraction studies showed that 4, 5 and 6 are isostructural, featuring a tetranuclear structure with two different metal coordination sites with coordination numbers 8 (CN8) and 9 (CN9). The two smaller cations are mainly bridged by the O‐donor atoms of the NO groups of two pyterpyNO ligands (CN8), while the larger lanthanum centres are bound by a terpyridine unit (CN9). Size selectivity has been studied with structural and magnetic studies in the solid state and through 19F NMR and photoluminescence studies in solution, showing a direct dependence on the difference of ionic radii of the ions and yielding a 91 % selectivity for 4. Furthermore, 19F NMR, X‐ray and PL studies pointed out that the nature of the product is independent from the synthetic route for compound Eu2Y2(tta)12(pyterpyNO)2 (7), keeping the ion selectivity also for a self‐assembly reaction. Unexpectedly, these studies have evidenced that selectivity is not exclusively governed by electrostatic interactions related to size dimensions.
The Richardson‐Zaki Equation Reconsidered: Derivation of the Power Law for Aerated Particle Beds
Authors: Hristov Jordan
Published: October 2022

Analytical derivations of the Richardson‐Zaki power law in the case of aeratable fine particle beds where the interparticle forces allow the creation of expanded beds, known also as meta‐states, with fixed structures, but not yet fluidized, have been developed. The analysis is based on the concept that the fluid flow through such beds is governed by the porous media equations such as Darcy's and Forchheimer models, upon the assumption of deformable bed structures (driven by the fluid flow) and fluid velocity independent pressure drop.
A random walk through Canadian contributions on empirical processes and their applications in probability and statistics
Authors: Csörgő Miklós , Dawson Donald A. , Nasri Bouchra R. , Rémillard Bruno N.
Published: October 2022

In this article, we present a review of important results and statistical applications obtained or generalized by Canadian pioneers and their collaborators, for empirical processes of independent and identically distributed observations, pseudo‐observations, and time series. In particular, we consider weak convergence and strong approximations results, as well as tests for model adequacy such as tests of independence, tests of goodness‐of‐fit, tests of change point, and tests of serial dependence for time series. We also consider applications of empirical processes of interacting particle systems for the approximation of measure‐valued processes.
A Neutral and Stable Macrocyclic Mn(II) Complex for MRI Tumor Visualization
Authors: Leone Loredana , Anemone Annasofia , Carella Antonella , Botto Elena , Longo Dario Livio , Tei Lorenzo
Published: October 2022

A stable and inert amphiphilic Mn(II) complex based on a bisamide derivative of 1,4‐DO2A (DO2A=tetraazacyclododecane‐1,4‐diacetic acid) was synthesized and its 1H NMR relaxometric behavior was investigated as a function of the magnetic field strength, pH and temperature. The interaction with human serum albumin (HSA) was also studied via relaxometry showing a good relaxivity enhancement at low field (at 1T and 298 K the relaxivity increases from 4.5 mM−1 s−1 of the Mn(II)‐complex to 14.0 mM−1 s−1 of the complex‐HSA supramolecular adduct). In vivo biodistribution and MRI studies highlighted a rapid and mixed renal/liver elimination without spleen accumulation from healthy mice and good contrast enhancing properties in a breast tumor murine model. A comparison with a clinically approved Gd(III) agent (GdBOPTA, Multihance®) underlined that the proposed Mn(II) contrast agent gave comparable tumor contrast enhancement up to 3 hours post‐injection.
Assessment of BRAF V600E (VE1) immunochemistry for the detection of BRAF V600E mutation in non–small cell lung carcinoma cytology specimens
Authors: Garcia Ashley , Rivera Rolon Maria Del Mar , Barkoh Bedia , Chen Wei , Luthra Rajyalakhsmi , Roy‐Chowdhuri Sinchita
Published: October 2022

Background

Non–small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) patients with BRAF V600E–mutated tumors respond to targeted therapy. Testing for BRAF V600E is commonly performed with molecular methods; however, a mutation‐specific VE1 antibody clone can provide an alternative testing option using immunohistochemistry (IHC) for practices using single‐gene testing and in situations when the specimen is inadequate for molecular testing. This study evaluates the usefulness of VE1 IHC in screening for BRAF V600E mutations in NSCLC cytology specimens.

Methods

The authors retrospectively identified cytology cases with a diagnosis of NSCLC that had BRAF V600E IHC performed on cell block sections with the monoclonal VE1 antibody clone. The BRAF V600E IHC results were compared with those of molecular testing performed with an amplicon‐based next‐generation sequencing assay.

Results

There were 201 NSCLC cases evaluated. The VE1 IHC was positive in seven of seven BRAF V600E–mutated tumors (100%) and was negative in 158 of 158 nonmutated BRAF V600E tumors (100%). Thirty cases did not undergo molecular testing, primarily because of insufficient tissue or because molecular testing was performed on an alternative specimen. Six cases showed equivocal weak/focal staining: Two cases demonstrated BRAF V600E mutations, and four cases were negative by molecular testing.

Conclusions

This study suggests that BRAF V600E IHC can be used reliably to screen NSCLC cytology specimens, and negative results strongly indicate the absence of a BRAF V600E mutation. Having a low threshold for equivocal staining is recommended with molecular confirmation of BRAF V600E for any cases demonstrating weak and/or focal cytoplasmic staining.
Subclass‐specific expression patterns of MET receptor tyrosine kinase during development in medial prefrontal and visual cortices
Authors: Lanjewar Alexandra L. , Jagetia Sonum , Khan Zuhayr M. , Eagleson Kathie L. , Levitt Pat
Published: October 2022

Met encodes a receptor tyrosine kinase (MET) that is expressed during development and regulates cortical synapse maturation. Conditional deletion of Met in the nervous system during embryonic development leads to deficits in adult contextual fear learning, a medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC)‐dependent cognitive task. MET also regulates the timing of critical period plasticity for ocular dominance in primary visual cortex (V1). However, the underlying circuitry responsible remains unknown. Therefore, this study determines the broad expression patterns of MET throughout postnatal development in mPFC and V1 projection neurons (PNs), providing insight into similarities and differences in the neuronal subtypes and temporal patterns of MET expression between cortical areas. Using a transgenic mouse line that expresses green fluorescent protein (GFP) in Met+ neurons, immunofluorescence and confocal microscopy were performed to visualize MET‐GFP+ cell bodies and PN subclass‐specific protein markers. Analyses reveal that the MET expression is highly enriched in infragranular layers of mPFC, but in supragranular layers of V1. Interestingly, temporal regulation of the percentage of MET+ neurons across development not only differs between cortical regions but also is distinct between lamina within a cortical region. Further, MET is expressed predominantly in the subcerebral PN subclass in mPFC, but the intratelencephalic PN subclass in V1. The data suggest that MET signaling influences the development of distinct circuits in mPFC and V1 that underlie subcerebral and intracortical functional deficits following Met deletion, respectively.
Exploiting Hydrogen Bonding to Direct Supramolecular Polymerization at the Air/Water Interface
Authors: Argudo Pablo G. , Coelho João Paulo , López‐Sicilia Irene , Guerrero‐Martínez Andrés , Martín‐Romero María T. , Camacho Luis , Fernández Gustavo , Giner‐Casares Juan J.
Published: October 2022

Fluid interfaces provide an advanced platform for directed self‐assembly of organic composites and formation of supramolecular polymers (SPs). Intermolecular interactions govern the supramolecular polymerization processes, with hydrogen bonding (H‐bonding) as a key interaction in supramolecular chemistry and biology. Two purposefully designed supra‐amphiphiles for assessing the role of H‐bonding were designed and their supramolecular polymerization (SP) at the air/water interface was compared. H‐bonding was confirmed by in situ experimental and computational techniques as the required intermolecular interaction for attaining SPs with well‐defined molecular arrangement. Control of H‐bonding as opposite to traditionally considered interactions (e. g., π‐π stacking) is proposed as a successful strategy for SP at fluid interfaces.
Omicron variant of SARS‐CoV‐2, an epidemiologic assessment of pediatric oncology patients in the Bronx
Authors: Offenbacher Rachel , Gorlick Joshua , Weiser Daniel A.
Published: October 2022

Background

Children receiving cytotoxic therapy for cancer have increased risk of infection due to drug‐induced neutropenia and are therefore treated empirically for bacteremia when febrile or ill‐appearing. However, viral infections, which are not frequently life‐threatening, are the most common etiology of febrile episodes and there has been increased effort to differentiate patients who may have a higher risk for adverse outcomes.

Case

We performed a retrospective chart review of pediatric oncology patients diagnosed with COVID‐19 between December 20, 2021 and February 22, 2022 during the Omicron (B.1.1.529) surge at The Children's Hospital at Montefiore, a tertiary care center in the Bronx.

Conclusion

We found that no patients in our cohort developed respiratory distress, bacteremia, or serious illness after COVID‐19 infection during the Omicron surge. Future studies will aid in understanding the relationship between community‐acquired infections and bacteremia, and this knowledge can then be applied to develop optimal infection prevention clinical care guidelines.
Binary Jaya‐based channel allocation in cognitive radio networks
Authors: Ali Saoucha Naziha
Published: October 2022

Cognitive radio is a key solution for wireless networks, as it offers the possibility to cope with spectrum scarcity problem. In this work, we are interested in the channel allocation problem (CA) in cognitive radio networks which is a well‐known NP‐hard optimization problem. CA has been resolved using classic evolutionary approaches such as genetic algorithms (GAs) and particle swarm optimization (PSO). However, the performance of these latters depends strongly on the parameters tuning which is a hard time‐consuming task. Under this umbrella, in this article, we propose a new solution based on Jaya algorithm which is a recent free parameters approach. The performance of our proposed algorithm is compared against GA and PSO under different network topologies, and this in terms of max‐sum‐reward, max‐min‐reward, and max‐proportional‐fair. The obtained simulation results confirm the superiority of our proposed approach under all the tested scenarios.
Cofilin‐Membrane Interactions: Electrostatic Effects in Phosphoinositide Lipid Binding
Authors: Prakash Shikha , Krishna Anjali , Sengupta Durba
Published: October 2022

The actin cytoskeleton interacts with the cell membrane primarily through the indirect interactions of actin‐binding proteins such as cofilin‐1. The molecular mechanisms underlying the specific interactions of cofilin‐1 with membrane lipids are still unclear. Here, we performed coarse‐grain molecular dynamics simulations of cofilin‐1 with complex lipid bilayers to analyze the specificity of protein‐lipid interactions. We observed the maximal interactions with phosphoinositide (PIP) lipids, especially PIP2 and PIP3 lipids. A good match was observed between the residues predicted to interact and previous experimental studies. The clustering of PIP lipids around the membrane bound protein leads to an overall lipid demixing and gives rise to persistent membrane curvature. Further, through a series of control simulations, we observe that both electrostatics and geometry are critical for specificity of lipid binding. Our current study is a step towards understanding the physico‐chemical basis of cofilin‐PIP lipid interactions.
Orthogonal‐ and Path‐Dependent Photo/Acidoswitching in an Eight‐State Dihydroazulene‐Spiropyran Dyad
Authors: Dowds Mathias , Stenspil Stine G. , de Souza João H. , Laursen Bo W. , Cacciarini Martina , Nielsen Mogens Brøndsted
Published: October 2022

The front cover artwork is provided by M. Dowds, S. G. Stenspil, J. H. de Souza, B. W. Laursen, M. Cacciarini and M. Brøndsted Nielsen. The image illustrates switching between the eight logical states of a dihydroazulene–spiropyran dyad, as well as its solvatochromic fluorescence. Cover design by Mathias Dowds. Read the full text of the Research Article at 10.1002/cptc.202200152.
A Short History of Plant Light Microscopy
Authors: Somssich Marc
Published: October 2022

When the microscope was first introduced to scientists in the 17th century, it started a revolution. Suddenly, a whole new world, invisible to the naked eye, was opened to curious explorers. In response to this realization, Nehemiah Grew, an English plant anatomist and physiologist and one of the early microscopists, noted in 1682 “that Nothing hereof remains further to be known, is a Thought not well Calculated”. Since Grew made his observations, the microscope has undergone numerous variations, developing from early compound microscopes—hollow metal tubes with a lens on each end—to the modern, sophisticated, out‐of‐the‐box super‐resolution microscopes available to researchers today. In this Overview article, I describe these developments and discuss how each new and improved variant of the microscope led to major breakthroughs in the life sciences, with a focus on the plant field. These advances start with Grew's simple and—at the time—surprising realization that plant cells are as complex as animals cells, and that the different parts of the plant body indeed qualify to be called “organs”, then move on to the development of the groundbreaking “cell theory” in the mid‐19th century and the description of eu‐ and heterochromatin in the early 20th century, and finish with the precise localization of individual proteins in intact, living cells that we can perform today. Indeed, Grew was right; with ever‐increasing resolution, there really does not seem to be an end to what can be explored with a microscope. © 2022 The Authors. Current Protocols published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Genetic mapping and confirmation of the Rdm3 locus underlying resistance to southern stem canker in soybean
Authors: Menke Ethan , Widyawan M. Habib , Bachleda Nicole , Buck James , Shearin Zack , Boerma H. Roger , Li Zenglu
Published: October 2022

Southern stem canker (SSC) in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill], caused by the fungal pathogen Diaporthe aspalathi, is a major disease in the southern United States. It can cause up to 80% yield loss in severely infected fields. Plant introduction (PI) 398469, a Maturity Group VI soybean accession from South Korea, is one of six known sources of resistance to SSC. To determine the genetics of the resistance provided by PI 398469, F2:3 and F5‐derived recombinant inbred line (RIL) populations were developed from a cross with the susceptible breeding line G81‐2057. Both populations were phenotyped in the greenhouse using a modified toothpick method. The SSC‐resistant and susceptible DNA bulks consisting of 20 resistant and 18 susceptible families were created from the F2:3 population and genotyped using the Infinium SoySNP50K BeadChips for a bulked segregant analysis (BSA). Based on BSA results, 22 Kompetitive allele specific polymerase chain reaction (KASP) markers were designed to genotype the RIL population. Quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis identified qRdm_14, on chromosome (Chr) 14 with an R2 of 62%. Linkage mapping in the F2:3 population confirmed the presence of a QTL on Chr 14. F5‐derived RILs derived from G81‐2057 × Crockett were phenotyped for SSC resistance and genotyped with the KASP markers to examine the relationship between Rdm3 from Crockett and qRdm_14 from PI 398469. Both PI 398469 and Crockett carried realleles at the Rdm3 locus for resistance to SSC. The QTL and KASP marker information could be used to screen breeding lines for resistance to SSC.
An investigation of associations between parenting and binge eating across pubertal development in pre‐adolescent and adolescent female participants
Authors: Anaya Carolina , Burt S. Alexandra , Klump Kelly L.
Published: October 2022

Objective

Puberty is a period of increased risk for the development of binge eating in female adolescents. Although developmental changes in autonomy‐seeking behaviors and body weight and shape may influence both parenting styles and binge eating during puberty, studies have yet to examine how parenting practices may be differentially associated with youth outcomes depending on developmental stage. The current study examines whether interactions between puberty and parenting are associated with higher levels of binge‐eating symptoms during/after puberty in female youth.

Methods

Analyses used cross‐sectional data from a previous study of disordered eating and puberty in 999 female youth (ages 8–16) and their parents from the Michigan State University Twin Registry. Youth self‐reported binge eating, pubertal development, and perceived parental care and overprotection. Both parents and youth reported on parent–child conflict. Mixed linear models were used to examine whether pubertal development moderates the strength of associations between parenting (parent–child conflict, parental care, and parental overprotection) and offspring binge eating.

Results

Although higher levels of parental overprotection and conflict, and lower levels of parental care were all significantly associated with binge eating, none of the associations were significantly moderated by pubertal development or age.

Discussion

The quality of the parent–child relationship is significantly associated with binge eating in female youth regardless of developmental stage, highlighting the need for targeting harmful parenting strategies during adolescent eating disorder intervention.

Public Significance

This is the first study to examine whether parenting/binge‐eating associations in female participants differ across pubertal development. In a large population‐based sample, we found lower parental care, higher parent–child conflict, and higher parental overprotection were all associated with higher levels of binge eating. Notably, associations did not differ across pubertal stage or age, suggesting that parenting is significantly associated with binge eating, regardless of developmental stage.
Relationships between eating disorder symptoms, muscle dysmorphia symptoms, and suicidal ideation: A random intercepts cross‐lagged panel approach
Authors: Grunewald William , Troop‐Gordon Wendy , Smith April R.
Published: October 2022

Objective

Eating disorder (ED) symptoms correlate with suicidality; yet the strength of these relationships in men is unclear. Muscle dysmorphia (MD) symptoms may reflect a more accurate index of body‐related concerns for men, as they better target muscularity concerns typical of men. However, no studies have tested a model in which ED/MD symptoms and suicidality are simultaneously examined. We longitudinally tested whether ED/MD symptoms were related to suicidal ideation among a community sample of men.

Methods

Men with MD symptoms (N = 272) were recruited to complete three surveys over 6 weeks. A random intercepts cross‐lagged panel model tested predictive associations between ED/MD symptoms and suicidal ideation, while disaggregating between/within‐person variance.

Results

ED/MD symptoms were significantly associated with suicidal ideation at the between‐subjects level (ED: b = .04; MD: b = .09) and showed significant within‐wave covariances with suicidal ideation (ED: b = .02–.04; MD: b = .02–.05). Those who experienced increases in ED symptoms showed increased suicidal ideation at the next wave (b = .32). Those who experienced increases in suicidal ideation showed increases in MD symptoms at the next wave (b = .85).

Discussion

Results highlight ED symptoms as a potential risk factor for suicidal ideation among men. Further, suicidal ideation predicted MD symptoms. ED symptoms may create intra‐ and interpersonal distress predicting suicidal ideation. Suicidal ideation may lead to muscle‐building behaviors to cope with suicidal thoughts. Clinicians should assess for suicidal ideation among men at risk for MD/EDs, and for MD symptoms among those reporting suicidal ideation.

Public Significance

Eating disorder (ED) symptoms are related to suicidality, but these relationships are understudied among men. Since men report concerns surrounding muscularity, muscle dysmorphia (MD) may be a better ED index for this population. However, little research has investigated relationships between ED symptoms, MD symptoms, and suicidality among men. This study investigated relationships between ED/MD symptoms and suicidality among 272 men. Results may inform clinical assessment, treatment, and classification of MD.
Mapping socio‐ecological systems in Idaho: Spatial patterns and analytical considerations
Authors: Aho Ken , Parsons Susan , Castro Antonio J. , Lohse Kathleen A.
Published: October 2022

Policy interest in socio‐ecological systems has driven attempts to define and map socio‐ecological zones (SEZs), that is, spatial regions, distinguishable by their conjoined social and bio‐geo‐physical characteristics. The state of Idaho, USA, has a strong need for SEZ designations because of potential conflicts between rapidly increasing and impactful human populations, and proximal natural ecosystems. Our Idaho SEZs address analytical shortcomings in previously published SEZs by: (1) considering potential biases of clustering methods, (2) cross‐validating SEZ classifications, (3) measuring the relative importance of bio‐geo‐physical and social system predictors, and (4) considering spatial autocorrelation. We obtained authoritative bio‐geo‐physical and social system datasets for Idaho, aggregated into 5‐km grids = 25 km2, and decomposed these using principal components analyses (PCAs). PCA scores were classified using two clustering techniques commonly used in SEZ mapping: hierarchical clustering with Ward's linkage, and k‐means analysis. Classification evaluators indicated that eight‐ and five‐cluster solutions were optimal for the bio‐geo‐physical and social datasets for Ward's linkage, resulting in 31 SEZ composite types, and six‐ and five‐cluster solutions were optimal for k‐means analysis, resulting in 24 SEZ composite types. Ward's and k‐means solutions were similar for bio‐geo‐physical and social classifications with similar numbers of clusters. Further, both classifiers identified the same dominant SEZ composites. For rarer SEZs, however, classification methods strongly affected SEZ classifications, potentially altering land management perspectives. Our SEZs identify several critical regions of social–ecological overlap. These include suburban interface types and a high desert transition zone. Based on multinomial generalized linear models, bio‐geo‐physical information explained more variation in SEZs than social system data, after controlling for spatial autocorrelation, under both Ward's and k‐means approaches. Agreement (cross‐validation) levels were high for multinomial models with bio‐geo‐physical and social predictors for both Ward's and k‐means SEZs. A consideration of historical drivers, including indigenous social systems, and current trajectories of land and resource management in Idaho, indicates a strong need for rigorous SEZ designations to guide development and conservation in the region. Our analytical framework can be broadly applied in SES research and applied in other regions, when categorical responses—including cluster designations—have a spatial component.
A Multicomponent Approach to Imidazo[2,1‐b]thiazole Derivatives by Sequential PdI2/KI‐Catalyzed Deprotective Oxidative Aminocarbonylation – Dearomative Cyclization – Aromatization
Authors: Veltri Lucia , Amuso Roberta , Prestia Tommaso , Vitale Paola , Gabriele Bartolo
Published: October 2022

We report a direct, multicomponent approach to an important class of fused‐ring heterocycles, namely, imidazo[2,1‐b]thiazole derivatives starting from simple and readily available building blocks (N‐Boc‐N‐propargylthiazol‐2‐amines, carbon monoxide, a secondary amine, and oxygen). The process takes place under the catalysis of the simple PdI2/KI system under relatively mild conditions (100 °C under 20 atm of a 4 : 1 mixture of CO‐air), and leads to 2‐(imidazo[2,1‐b]thiazol‐5‐yl)‐N,N‐dialkylacetamides in yields up to 87 %. The mechanistic pathway leading to carbonylated imidazo[2,1‐b]thiazole occurs through an ordered sequence of steps, involving amine‐induced N‐deprotection, oxidative aminocarbonylation of the triple bond (with Csp−H activation and formation of a 2‐ynamide intermediate), dearomative cyclization (by intramolecular conjugate addition of thioazolic nitrogen to the 2‐ynamide moiety) and aromatization by proton‐shift isomerization. When starting from N‐Boc‐N‐(propargyl)benzo[d]thiazol‐2‐amine, tricyclic benzimidazothiazoles were formed in moderate yields.
Stereoselective Synthesis of Highly Functionalized Structures from α‐Bromo α’‐Sulfinyl Ketones
Authors: Salom‐Roig Xavier J.
Published: October 2022

Crystallization‐Induced Diastereomer Transformation (CIDT) of α‐bromo‐α’‐(R)‐sulfinylketones is reported. The utility of these 1,2‐difunctionalized synthons is convincingly demonstrated by their facile conversion into cyanohydrins and bromohydrins. Furthermore, bromohydrins can be converted into complex arrangements of functionality and stereochemistry through SN2‐like inter and intramolecular transformations.
Rapid multi‐attribute characterization of intact bispecific antibodies by a microfluidic chip‐based integrated icIEF‐MS technology
Authors: Ostrowski Maggie A. , Mack Scott , Ninonuevo Milady , Yan John , ElNaggar Mariam , Gentalen Erik , Michels David A.
Published: October 2022

Rapid, direct identification and quantitation of protein charge variants, and assessment of critical quality attributes with high sensitivity are important drivers required to accelerate the development of biotherapeutics. We describe the use of an enhanced microfluidic chip‐based integrated imaged capillary isoelectric focusing‐mass spectrometry (icIEF‐MS) technology to assess multiple quality attributes of intact antibodies in a single run. Results demonstrate comprehensive detection of multiple charge variants of an aglycosylated knob‐into‐hole bispecific antibody. Upfront, on‐chip separation by icIEF coupled to MS provides the orthogonal separation required to resolve and identify acidic posttranslational modifications including difficult‐to‐detect deamidation and glycation events at the intact protein level. In addition, on‐chip UV detection enables pI determination and relative quantitation of charge isoforms. Six charge variant peaks were resolved by icIEF, mobilized toward the on‐chip electrospray tip and directly identified by in‐line icIEF‐MS using a connected quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometer. In addition to acidic charge variants, basic variants were identified as C‐terminal lysine, N‐terminal cyclization, proline amidation, and the combination of modifications (not typically identified by other intact methods), including lysine and one or two hexose additions. Nonspecific chain cleavages were also resolved, along with their acidic charge variants, demonstrating highly sensitive and comprehensive intact antibody multi‐attribute characterization within a 15‐min run time.
N‐Doped Carbon‐Coated Mixed‐Phase SnS–SnS2 Anode with Carbon Nanofibers Skeleton for Improving Dual‐Ion Battery in Concentrated Electrolyte
Authors: Fang Yaobing , Zheng Wen , Hu Tao , Li Li , Yuan Wenhui
Published: October 2022

Metal sulfides exhibit great potential for anode material due to the lamellar structure. However, the intrinsic low conductivity and large volume expansion result in poor cycle stability. Herein, a porous hierarchical structure (SnS–SnS2)–NC–CF anode material composed of carbon nanofibers skeleton and N‐doped carbon is designed, and a full dual‐ion battery based on the anode is constructed, coupled with natural graphite and high‐concentration electrolyte (6 M LiTFSI + 5% vinylene carbonate). The graphite/(SnS‐SnS2)–NC–CF dual‐ion battery shows a high initial discharge specific capacity up to 154.3 mAh g−1 at a current density of 100 mA g−1 in a working voltage window of 1.0–4.0 V. Also, the battery obtains a considerable capacity of 67.1 mAh g−1 at the high current density of 1000 mA g−1 and achieves an excellent cycling performance up to 2000 cycles with remarkable Coulombic efficiency near 100%. In addition, the battery exhibits a low self‐discharge of 1.83% h−1 and superior fast charge performance. Furthermore, the results of the X‐ray diffraction and scanning electron microscope characterizations further demonstrate good reversibility and stability. Consequently, this work provides a feasible strategy for the design of a high performance dual‐ion battery energy storage device.
Reactive Ion Etching Activating TiO2 Substrate for Planar Heterojunction Sb2S3 Solar Cells with 6.06% Efficiency
Authors: You Fuge , Chen Shiwu , Ma Tianjun , Xiao Feng , Chen Chao , Hsu Hsien-Yi , Song Haisheng , Tang Jiang
Published: October 2022

Antimony sulfide is a promising photovoltaic material for the top subcell of Si‐based tandem solar cells due to its suitable bandgap, high absorption coefficient, low cost, and environmentally friendly properties. However, the electron transport layer (ETL) of antimony sulfide solar cells is generally based on CdS, while narrow‐bandgap CdS (Eg = 2.4 eV) absorbs part of the short‐wavelength light causing spectral loss. Unfortunately, Sb2S3 films could not be deposited uniformly on TiO2 substrate by the hydrothermal method. For the first time, reactive ion etching (RIE) treatment to TiO2 surface is developed to activate it for later Sb2S3 deposition. Based on this strategy, the obtained Sb2S3 film is almost the same as that deposited on CdS, smooth, dense, and uniform. The optimal device efficiency can reach 6.06%, a top value among TiO2/Sb2S3 devices with a new record of short‐circuit current density (≈19.4 mA cm−2). The high efficiency on RIE‐treated TiO2 ETL is attributed to the high transparency of TiO2 and the high‐quality Sb2S3 thin film with suppressed recombination in the Sb2S3 bulk film and TiO2/Sb2S3 interface. This work proposes a simple and efficient strategy for deposition of high‐quality Sb2S3 thin films on inert substrates.
Caddisfly Larvae are a Driver of Plastic Litter Breakdown and Microplastic Formation in Freshwater Environments
Authors: Valentine Katey , Cross Richard , Cox Ruairidh , Woodmancy Gina , Boxall Alistair B. A.
Published: October 2022

Plastic litter is now pervasive in the aquatic environment. Several marine and terrestrial organisms can fragment plastic with their feeding appendages, facilitating its breakdown and generating microplastics. However, similar studies with freshwater organisms are extremely limited. We explored the interactions between the caddisfly larvae Agrypnia sp. and polylactic acid (PLA) film. The use of plastic by larvae to build their protective cases was investigated, along with their ability to fragment the plastic film as they do with leaf litter. Caddisfly consistently incorporated PLA into their cases alongside leaf material. They also used their feeding appendages to rapidly fragment PLA—forming hundreds of submillimeter-sized microplastics. Although larvae showed a preference for leaf material when constructing cases, plastic use and fragmentation still occurred when leaf material was replete, indicating that this behavior is likely to occur in natural environments that are polluted with plastics. This is thought to be the first documented evidence of active plastic modification by a freshwater invertebrate and therefore reveals a previously unidentified mechanism of plastic fragmentation and microplastic formation in freshwater. Further work is now needed to determine the extent of this behavior across freshwater taxa and the potential implications for the wider ecosystem. Environ Toxicol Chem 2022;41:3058–3069. © 2022 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
Prediction of winter wheat leaf chlorophyll content based on VIS/NIR spectroscopy using ANN and PLSR
Authors: Rasooli Sharabiani Vali , Soltani Nazarloo Araz , Taghinezhad Ebrahim , Veza Ibham , Szumny Antoni , Figiel Adam
Published: October 2022

Visible–near‐infrared spectroscopy is known for its rapid and nondestructive characteristics designed to predict leaf chlorophyll content (LCC) of winter wheat. It is believed that the nonlinear technique is preferable to the linear method. The canopy reflectance was applied to generate the LCC prediction model. To accomplish such an objective, artificial neural networks (ANN), along with partial least squares regression (PLSR), nonlinear, and linear evaluation methods have been employed and evaluated to predict wheat LCC. The wheat leaves reflectance spectra were initially preprocessed using Savitzky–Golay smoothing, differentiation (first derivative), SNV (Standard Normal Variate), MSC (Multiplicative Scatter Correction), and their combinations. Afterward, a model for LCC using the reflectance spectra was developed by means of the PLS and ANN. The vis/NIR spectroscopy samples at the 350–1400 nm wavelength were preprocessed using S. Golay smoothing, D1, SNV, and MSC. The preprocessing with SNV‐S.G, followed by PLS and ANN modeling, was able to achieve the most accurate prediction, with the correlation coefficient of 0.92 and 0.97, along with the root mean square error of 0.9131 and 0.7305 receptivity. The experimental findings also revealed that the suggested method utilizing the PLS and ANN model with SNV‐S. G preprocessing was practically feasible to estimate the chlorophyll content of a particular winter wheat leaf area according to the visible and near‐infrared spectroscopy sensors, achieving improved precision and accuracy. The nonlinear technique was proposed as a more refined technique for LCC estimating.
Active food packaging films from alginate and date palm pit extract: Physicochemical properties, antioxidant capacity, and stability
Authors: Khwaldia Khaoula , M'Rabet Yassine , Boulila Abdennacer
Published: October 2022

Date palm pits are highly available and inexpensive palm date by‐products, representing a valuable source of natural antioxidants, particularly phenolic compounds. Date palm pit extract (DPPE) was prepared from these waste products and characterized for its phenolic content and in vitro antioxidant activity. Profiling DPPE by liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (LC/MS) showed the presence of dimers and trimers of (epi)catechin as the main constituents. Alginate‐based films with four increasing concentrations of DPPE (10%, 20%, 30%, and 40% w/w) were prepared by the casting method. DPPE incorporation reduced solubility values of alginate films by 37%–64% and their surface wettability by 72%–111%. The incorporation of 10% DPPE improved water vapor barrier properties and increased tensile strength (TS) and elongation at break (%E) of alginate films by more than 23%, 50%, and 45%, respectively. The film containing 40% DPPE showed the lowest loss of phenolic content (32%), DPPH (1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl) scavenging activity (38%), and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) (30%) after storage for 3 months.
ZFTA::RELA fusion in a distinct liposarcoma morphologically overlapping with chondroid lipoma
Authors: Sumida Satoshi , Toki Shun‐ichi , Mori Taisuke , Satomi Kaishi , Takao Shoichiro , Nobusawa Sumihito , Kakimoto Takumi , Nakagawa Shinya , Ryo Eijitsu , Matsushita Yuko , Ichimura Koichi , Nishisho Toshihiko , Bando Yoshimi , Yoshida Akihiko
Published: October 2022

Chondroid lipoma is a rare benign adipose tumor characterized by a recurrent ZFTA::MRTFB fusion. Herein, we report an unusual liposarcoma that partly exhibited overlapping features with those of chondroid lipoma and harbored a ZFTA::RELA fusion. A 59‐year‐old man presented with a shoulder mass that had existed for approximately 8 years and with increasing pain due to a pelvic mass. The 5.8‐cm resected shoulder tumor partly consisted of nests and strands of variably lipogenic epithelioid cells within a hyalinized or focally chondromyxoid stroma, indistinguishable from chondroid lipoma. The histological pattern gradually transitioned to highly cellular, stroma‐poor, diffuse sheets of cells with greater nuclear atypia and mitotic activity. Vascular invasion and necrosis were present. The metastatic pelvic tumor revealed a similar histology. Despite multimodal treatment, the patient developed multiple bone metastases and succumbed to the disease 14 months after presentation. Targeted RNA sequencing identified an in‐frame ZFTA (exon 3)::RELA (exon 2) fusion, which was confirmed by reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction, Sanger sequencing, and break‐apart fluorescent in situ hybridization assays. The tumor showed a different histology from that of ependymoma, no brain involvement, and no match with any sarcoma types or ZFTA::RELA‐positive ependymomas according to DNA methylation analysis. p65 and L1CAM were diffusely expressed, and a CDKN2A/B deletion was present. This is the first report of an extra‐central nervous system tumor with a ZFTA::RELA fusion. The tumor partly displayed an overlapping histology with that of chondroid lipoma, suggesting that it may represent a hitherto undescribed malignant chondroid lipoma with an alternative ZFTA fusion.
The role of herbivores in the grassland carbon budget for Three‐Rivers Headwaters region, Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau, China
Authors: Wang Junbang , Zhao Xinquan , Ouyang Xihuang , Zhao Liang , Wang Wenying , Zuo Chan , Zhang Zhenhua , Zhou Huakun , Watson Alan , Li Yingnian
Published: October 2022

Background

An accurate assessment of the carbon budget is a crucial part of projecting future climate change and its impact on ecosystems. Grasslands foster multiple ecological functions including support for wild animals and livestocks. Herbivores intake forage biomass carbon, then digest and metabolize, and finally retain some carbon. The carbon processes have not been well quantified, resulting in uncertainties in the estimation of regional carbon budgets for grassland ecosystems.

Methods

An animal metabolic carbon flux model was developed for herbivores in the Three‐Rivers Headwaters region of China. The forage intake and metabolic carbon rates were estimated through metabolic body weight and daily digested measures for the main herbivore species.

Results

The carbon intake was 5.52 Tg C year−1 (45%) from partial aboveground biomass (12.2 Tg C year−1), in which 39.31% was released into the atmosphere by respiration CO2, 43.77% was returned to the ecosystem as feces and urine, and 16.96% was retained in herbivores for population regeneration or for human well‐being.

Conclusions

This study, as the first research on this topic, quantified the carbon flux of herbivores and found livestock accounts for a major part of consumed carbon on grasslands, which is important for understanding regional carbon budgets to mitigate and adapt to climate change over grasslands worldwide.