bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Peruvian chicha: A Focus on the Microbial Populations of This Ancient Maize-Based Fermented Beverage
Authors: Bassi Daniela , Orrù Luigi , Cabanillas Vasquez Jeison , Cocconcelli Pier Sandro , Fontana Cecilia
Published: January 2020

Peruvian chicha de jora is one of the most ancient traditional beverages produced through maize fermentation, still popular to modern consumers, but less studied in terms of microbial compositions. In this work, the bacterial biodiversity of 27 chicha samples collected from 14 different “chicherias” in seven provinces of Peru was investigated by Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS). A large dissimilarity in chicha microbial composition was a direct consequence of ingredients, manufacturing processes and geographical influences. The core microbiome was represented by six main genera, belonging to Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) and Acetic Acid Bacteria (AAB). Lactobacillus prevailed (more than 50% of sequences belong to this genus) followed by Weissella, Leuconostoc, Lactococcus and Streptococcus. Acetobacter was the only AAB genus identified in chicha. The occurrence of sequences associated to spoiling and pathogenic bacteria, such as Bacillus, Clostridium, and Enterobacteriaceae, was observed only in a few samples, validating the safety of this beverage. Predictive functional annotation of metagenomic sequences revealed that carbohydrate and amino acid metabolisms and coenzyme transport are the main KEGG categories associated to chicha fermentation pathways. The old recipes and traditional processing of each chicherias helps maintain native microorganisms as a resource of biodiversity with potential technological and health-beneficial properties.
Introduction to the Special Issue “Role of Magmatic Activity in the Generation of Ore Deposits”
Authors: Stern Charles R. , Skewes M. Alexandra
Published: January 2020

This Special Issue presents eight original contributions concerning ore deposits in China, Russia, and Chile [...]
The Effect of Fly Ash Microspheres on the Pore Structure of Concrete
Authors: Haustein Elzbieta , Kuryłowicz-Cudowska Aleksandra
Published: January 2020

The fly ash microspheres (FAMs) formed during the mineral transformation stage in coal combustion are hollow spherical particles with a density less than water. This paper presents the results of X-ray micro-computed tomography and an automatic image analysis system of the porosity in the structure of hardened concrete with microspheres. Concrete mixtures with ordinary Portland cement and two substitution rates of cement by microspheres—5% and 10%—are investigated. For all considered mixes, a constant water/binder ratio (w/b) equal to 0.50 was used. The distribution of the air voids and the compressive strength of the concrete were tested after 28 days. With the increasing mass of cement replacement by FAMs, the compressive strength decreases after 28 days. The total volume of the air voids in hardened concrete with fly ash microspheres tested by X-ray varies from 5.1% to 7.4%. The closed pores constitute more than 80% of the total content of air pores. The study proves that the use of microspheres grains with specific dimensions has a significant impact on concrete porosity. Their application in concrete technology can be an alternative aeration solution for fresh concrete mixes and an effective method for utilization.
Effects of Fine Minerals on Pulp Rheology and the Flotation of Diaspore and Pyrite Mixed Ores
Authors: Wang Chi , Zhang Qin , Mao Song , Qin Shuhao
Published: January 2020

In this study, the effects of four fine minerals, which were fine diaspore (FDIA), kaolinite, illite, and pyrophyllite (D50 is about 4.55 μm, D80 is about 10.78 μm), on the pulp rheology of the diaspore and pyrite mixed ores (D50 is about 120.53 μm, D80 is about 187.36 μm) and the recovery of pyrite were investigated through flotation tests, pulp rheology measurements, and sedimentation tests. It was found that fine minerals could change the pulp rheology and affect the pyrite recovery. The apparent viscosity of the mixed ores slurry increased with the addition of FDIA, kaolinite, and illite and the pyrite recovery decreased in varying degrees. When the addition was 15 wt.%, the recovery of pyrite decreased from 92.3% to 60.8%, 81.4%, and 84.7%, respectively. The addition of pyrophyllite had a significant deteriorating effect on flotation. When the addition of pyrophyllite was 5 wt.%, the pyrite recovery was reduced to 49.2%, and when the addition was further increased to 15 wt.%, the pyrite recovery reduced to 28.5%. However, the effect of pyrophyllite addition on the pulp rheology of the mixed ore was not remarkable. Pyrophyllite affected pyrite recovery not only by affecting the rheological behavior of the pulp, but also because pyrophyllite was adsorbed on the surface of pyrite and diaspore, producing hetero-aggregation, which made it difficult for the pyrite particles to collide with the bubbles effectively. This was the main reason for the reduction of pyrite recovery. Generally, the order in which the reduction of pyrite recovery was affected by the additions of fine minerals was pyrophyllite > FDIA > kaolinite > illite.
Design, Synthesis and In Vitro Characterization of Novel Antimicrobial Agents Based on 6-Chloro-9H-carbazol Derivatives and 1,3,4-Oxadiazole Scaffolds
Authors: Bordei Telehoiu Alexandra T. , Nuță Diana C. , Căproiu Miron T. , Dumitrascu Florea , Zarafu Irina , Ioniță Petre , Bădiceanu Carmellina D. , Avram Speranța , Chifiriuc Mariana C. , Bleotu Coralia , Limban Carmen
Published: January 2020

In this paper, we aimed to exploit and combine in the same molecule the carbazole and the 1,3,4-oxadiazole pharmacophores, to obtain novel carprofen derivatives, by using two synthesis pathways. For the first route, the following steps have been followed: (i) (RS)-2-(6-chloro-9H-carbazol-2-yl)propanonic acid (carprofen) treatment with methanol, yielding methyl (RS)-2-(6-chloro-9H-carbazol-2-yl)propanoate; (ii) the resulted methylic ester was converted to (RS)-2-(6-chloro-9H-carbazol-2-yl)propane hydrazide (carprofen hydrazide) by treatment with hydrazine hydrate; (iii) reaction of the hydrazide derivative with acyl chlorides led to N-[(2RS)-2-(6-chloro-9H-carbazol-2-yl)propanoil]-N′-R-substituted-benzoylhydrazine formation, which; (iv) in reaction with phosphorus oxychloride gave the (RS)-1-(6-chloro-9H-carbazol-2-yl)-1-(1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)ethane derivatives. In the second synthesis pathway, new 1,3,4-oxadiazole ring compounds were obtained starting from carprofen which was reacted with isoniazid, in the presence of phosphorus oxychloride to form (RS)-1-(6-chloro-9H-carbazol-2-yl)-1-[5-(4-pyridyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl]ethane. The synthesized compounds were characterized by IR, 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR, screened for their drug-like properties and evaluated for in vitro cytotoxicity and antimicrobial activity. The obtained compounds exhibited a good antimicrobial activity, some of the compounds being particularly active on E. coli, while others on C. albicans. The most significant result is represented by their exceptional anti-biofilm activity, particularly against the P. aeruginosa biofilm. The cytotoxicity assay revealed that at concentrations lower than 100 μg/mL, the tested compounds do not induce cytotoxicity and do not alter the mammalian cell cycle. The new synthesized compounds show good drug-like properties. The ADME-Tox profiles indicate a good oral absorption and average permeability through the blood brain barrier. However, further research is needed to reduce the predicted mutagenic potential and the hepatotoxicity.
The Structural and Magnetic Properties of FeII and CoII Complexes with 2-(furan-2-yl)-5-pyridin-2-yl-1,3,4-oxadiazole
Authors: Zoufalý Pavel , Čižmár Erik , Kuchár Juraj , Herchel Radovan
Published: January 2020

Two novel coordination compounds containing heterocyclic bidentate N,N-donor ligand 2-(furan-2-yl)-5-(pyridin-2-yl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole (fpo) were synthesized. A general formula for compounds originating from perchlorates of iron, cobalt, and fpo can be written as: [M(fpo)2(H2O)2](ClO4)2 (M = Fe(II) for (1) Co(II) for (2)). The characterization of compounds was performed by general physico-chemical methods—elemental analysis (EA), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) in case of organics, and single crystal X-ray diffraction (sXRD). Moreover, magneto-chemical properties were studied employing measurements in static field (DC) for 1 and X-band EPR (Electron paramagnetic resonance), direct current (DC), and alternating current (AC) magnetic measurements in case of 2. The analysis of DC magnetic properties revealed a high spin arrangement in 1, significant rhombicity for both complexes, and large magnetic anisotropy in 2 (D = −21.2 cm−1). Moreover, 2 showed field-induced slow relaxation of the magnetization (Ueff = 65.3 K). EPR spectroscopy and ab initio calculations (CASSCF/NEVPT2) confirmed the presence of easy axis anisotropy and the importance of the second coordination sphere.
Solid-Phase Extraction of Catechins from Green Tea with Deep Eutectic Solvent Immobilized Magnetic Molybdenum Disulfide Molecularly Imprinted Polymer
Authors: Ma Wanwan , Row Kyung Ho
Published: January 2020

A type of molecular-imprinted polymer with magnetic molybdenum disulfide as a base and deep eutectic solvent as a functional monomer (Fe3O4@MoS2@DES-MIP) was prepared with surface molecular imprinting method. It was applied as the adsorbent for the selective recognition and separation of (+)-catechin, (−)-epicatechin, (−)-epigallocatechin, (−)-epicatechin gallate, and (−)-epigallocatechin gallate in green tea in the process of magnetic solid-phase extraction (MSPE) combined with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The structure of Fe3O4@MoS2@DES-MIP was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and field emission scanning electron microscopy. The adsorption properties and selective recognition ability on (−)-epigallocatechin gallate and the other four structural analogues were examined and compared. The results show that the polymer has excellent selective recognition ability for (−)-epigallocatechin gallate, and its adsorption capacity was much higher than that of structural analogues. The Fe3O4@MoS2@DES-MIP not only has the special recognition ability to template a molecule, but also can be separated by magnets with high separation efficiency and can be used in MSPE.
All-Plasmonic Switching Effect in the Graphene Nanostructures Containing Quantum Emitters
Authors: Gubin Mikhail Yu. , Leksin Andrey Yu. , Shesterikov Alexander V. , Prokhorov Alexei V. , Volkov Valentyn S.
Published: January 2020

Nonlinear plasmonic effects in perspective 2D materials containing low-dimensional quantum emitters can be a basis of a novel technological platform for the fabrication of fast all-plasmonic triggers, transistors, and sensors. This article considers the conditions for achieving a strong coupling between the surface plasmon–polariton (SPP) and quantum emitter taking into account the modification of local density of optical states in graphene waveguide. In the condition of strong coupling, nonlinear interaction between two SPP modes propagating along the graphene waveguide integrated with a stub nanoresonator loaded with core–shell semiconductor nanowires (NWs) was investigated. Using the 2D full-wave electromagnetic simulation, we studied the different transmittance regimes of the stub with NW for both the strong pump SPP and weak signal SPP tuned to interband and intraband transition in NW, respectively. We solved the practical problem of parameters optimization of graphene waveguide and semiconductor nanostructures and found such a regime of NW–SPP interaction that corresponds to the destructive interference with the signal SPP transmittance through the stub less than 7 % in the case for pump SPP to be turned off. In contrast, the turning on the pump SPP leads to a transition to constructive interference in the stub and enhancement of signal SPP transmittance to 93 % . In our model, the effect of plasmonic switching occurs with a rate of 50 GHz at wavelength 8 µ m for signal SPP localized inside 20 nm graphene stub loaded with core–shell InAs/ZnS NW.
Effects of Metal Oxide Nanoparticles on Toll-Like Receptor mRNAs in Human Monocytes
Authors: Vasilichin Vladislav A. , Tsymbal Sergey A. , Fakhardo Anna F. , Anastasova Elizaveta I. , Marchenko Andrey S. , Shtil Alexander A. , Vinogradov Vladimir V. , Koshel Elena I.
Published: January 2020

For the widespread application of nanotechnology in biomedicine, it is necessary to obtain information about their safety. A critical problem is presented by the host immune responses to nanomaterials. It is assumed that the innate immune system plays a crucial role in the interaction of nanomaterials with the host organism. However, there are only fragmented data on the activation of innate immune system factors, such as toll-like receptors (TLRs), by some nanoparticles (NPs). In this study, we investigated TLRs’ activation by clinically relevant and promising NPs, such as Fe3O4, TiO2, ZnO, CuO, Ag2O, and AlOOH. Cytotoxicity and effects on innate immunity factors were studied in THP-1(Tohoku Hospital Pediatrics-1) cell culture. NPs caused an increase of TLR-4 and -6 expression, which was comparable with the LPS-induced level. This suggests that the studied NPs can stimulate the innate immune system response inside the host. The data obtained should be taken into account in future research and to create safe-by-design biomedical nanomaterials.
Next Steps for Interventions Targeting Adolescent Dietary Behaviour
Authors: Evans Charlotte E. L.
Published: January 2020

Adolescents in many countries consume poor quality diets that include high intakes of sugary drinks and fast food and low intakes of vegetables. The aims of this Special Issue on adolescent dietary behaviour were to identify methods and approaches for successful interventions to improve diet quality in this age group and identify at risk subgroups that need particular attention. In total, 11 manuscripts were published in this Special Issue—three qualitative studies which included a systematic review, five cross-sectional studies and three quantitative evaluations of interventions. This Editorial discusses the contribution of the studies and provides suggestions to improve the success of future interventions in adolescents. It is important that adolescents are involved in the design of interventions to improve social and cultural acceptability and relevance. Interventions targeting schools or communities framed within a larger food system such as issues around climate change and the carbon footprint of food may improve engagement. Furthermore, targeting adolescents in areas of lower deprivation is a priority where diet quality is particularly poor. Potentially successful interventions also include environmental policies that impact on the cost and marketing of food and drinks, although evaluations of these were not included in this issue.
CRISPR-cas3 of Salmonella Upregulates Bacterial Biofilm Formation and Virulence to Host Cells by Targeting Quorum-Sensing Systems
Authors: Cui Luqing , Wang Xiangru , Huang Deyu , Zhao Yue , Feng Jiawei , Lu Qirong , Pu Qinqin , Wang Yulian , Cheng Guyue , Wu Min , Dai Menghong
Published: January 2020

Salmonella is recognized as one of the most common microbial pathogens worldwide. The bacterium contains the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-CRISPR-associated (Cas) systems, providing adaptive immunity against invading foreign nucleic acids. Previous studies suggested that certain bacteria employ the Cas proteins of CRISPR-Cas systems to target their own genes, which also alters the virulence during invasion of mammals. However, whether CRISPR-Cas systems in Salmonella have similar functions during bacterial invasion of host cells remains unknown. Here, we systematically analyzed the genes that are regulated by Cas3 in a type I-E CRISPR-Cas system and the virulence changes due to the deletion of cas3 in Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis. Compared to the cas3 gene wild-type (cas3 WT) Salmonella strain, cas3 deletion upregulated the lsrFGBE genes in lsr (luxS regulated) operon related to quorum sensing (QS) and downregulated biofilm-forming-related genes and Salmonella pathogenicity island 1 (SPI-1) genes related to the type three secretion system (T3SS). Consistently, the biofilm formation ability was downregulated in the cas3 deletion mutant (Δcas3). The bacterial invasive and intracellular capacity of Δcas3 to host cells was also reduced, thereby increasing the survival of infected host cells and live chickens. By the transcriptome-wide screen (RNA-Seq), we found that the cas3 gene impacts a series of genes related to QS, the flagellum, and SPI-1-T3SS system, thereby altering the virulence phenotypes. As QS SPI-1-T3SS and CRISPR-Cas systems are widely distributed in the bacteria kingdom, our findings extend our understanding of virulence regulation and pathogenicity in mammalian hosts for Salmonella and potentially other bacteria.
Temperature and Light-Quality-Dependent Regulation of Freezing Tolerance in Barley
Authors: Ahres Mohamed , Gierczik Krisztián , Boldizsár Ákos , Vítámvás Pavel , Galiba Gábor
Published: January 2020

It is established that, besides the cold, incident light also has a crucial role in the cold acclimation process. To elucidate the interaction between these two external hardening factors, barley plantlets were grown under different light conditions with low, normal, and high light intensities at 5 and 15 °C. The expression of the HvCBF14 gene and two well-characterized members of the C-repeat binding factor (CBF)-regulon HvCOR14b and HvDHN5 were studied. In general, the expression level of the studied genes was several fold higher at 5 °C than that at 15 °C independently of the applied light intensity or the spectra. The complementary far-red (FR) illumination induced the expression of HvCBF14 and also its target gene HvCOR14b at both temperatures. However, this supplementation did not affect significantly the expression of HvDHN5. To test the physiological effects of these changes in environmental conditions, freezing tests were also performed. In all the cases, we found that the reduced R:FR ratio increased the frost tolerance of barley at every incident light intensity. These results show that the combined effects of cold, light intensity, and the modification of the R:FR light ratio can greatly influence the gene expression pattern of the plants, which can result in increased plant frost tolerance.
Identification, Characterization and Functional Analysis of C-Class Genes Associated with Double Flower Trait in Carnation (Dianthus caryphyllus L.)
Authors: Wang Qijian , Dan Naizhen , Zhang Xiaoni , Lin Shengnan , Bao Manzhu , Fu Xiaopeng
Published: January 2020

Flowers with more petals are of more ornamental value. It is well known that AGAMOUS (AG) is the core member of the C-class gene which plays an essential role in double flower formation and identification of stamens and carpels in Arabidopsis thaliana. We searched C-class genes in the genome of the carnation, and found two AG orthologs (DcaAGa, DcaAGb). Phylogenetic analysis showed that the two genes were closely related to the euAG subclade. Then we searched the genomes of other Caryophyllales plants (Beta vulgaris, Spinacia oleracea, Chenopodium quinoa) for C-class genes, and found that their C-class genes all belonged to the euAG subclade. Semi-quantitative PCR (sq-PCR) analysis indicated that the expression of DcaAG genes in the single flower phenotype was higher than that in the double flower phenotype. Quantitative real-time RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis showed that the expressions of DcaAG genes in the flower bud were significantly different from those in the root, stem, and leaf between the single and double flower phenotype carnations, and that DcaAG genes were specifically expressed in the stamen and carpel of carnation. Moreover, the expression of other floral organ identity genes (AP1 and AP2, PI and AP3, SEP1 and SEP3 corresponding to the A-, B-, and E-class of genes, respectively) showed no significant difference in all floral organs between the single and double flower phenotype carnations, suggesting that C-class (DcaAG) genes might play an important role in the double flower phenotype in carnation. Petal loss or decrease, precocious flowering, silique shortening, and seed sterility were observed in 35S::DcaAGa and 35S::DcaAGb transgenic Arabidopsis plants. All these results show that DcaAG genes might affect the petal number negatively and have a specific function in stamen and carpel development in carnation.
A Novel Method to Optimize Autologous Adipose Tissue Recovery with Extracellular Matrix Preservation
Authors: Roato Ilaria , Mussano Federico , Reano Simone , Boriani Filippo , Margara Andrea , Ferracini Riccardo , Adriani Ezio , Sabry Omar , Fiorini Mauro , Fattori Paolo
Published: January 2020

This work aims to characterize a new method to recover low-manipulated human adipose tissue, enriched with adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ATD-MSCs) for autologous use in regenerative medicine applications. Lipoaspirated fat collected from patients was processed through Lipocell, a Class II-a medical device for dialysis of adipose tissue, by varying filter sizes and washing solutions. ATD-MSC yield was measured with flow cytometry after stromal vascular fraction (SVF) isolation in fresh and cultured samples. Purification from oil and blood was measured after centrifugation with spectrophotometer analysis. Extracellular matrix preservation was assessed through hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining and biochemical assay for total collagen, type-2 collagen, and glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) quantification. Flow cytometry showed a two-fold increase of ATD-MSC yield in treated samples in comparison with untreated lipoaspirate; no differences where reported when varying filter size. The association of dialysis and washing thoroughly removed blood and oil from samples. Tissue architecture and extracellular matrix integrity were unaltered after Lipocell processing. Dialysis procedure associated with Ringer’s lactate preserves the proliferation ability of ATD-MSCs in cell culture. The characterization of the product showed that Lipocell is an efficient method for purifying the tissue from undesired byproducts and preserving ATD-MSC vitality and extracellular matrix (ECM) integrity, resulting in a promising tool for regenerative medicine applications.
Extreme Learning Machine-Based Model for Solubility Estimation of Hydrocarbon Gases in Electrolyte Solutions
Authors: Nabipour Narjes , Mosavi Amir , Baghban Alireza , Shamshirband Shahaboddin , Felde Imre
Published: January 2020

Calculating hydrocarbon components solubility of natural gases is known as one of the important issues for operational works in petroleum and chemical engineering. In this work, a novel solubility estimation tool has been proposed for hydrocarbon gases—including methane, ethane, propane, and butane—in aqueous electrolyte solutions based on extreme learning machine (ELM) algorithm. Comparing the ELM outputs with a comprehensive real databank which has 1175 solubility points yielded R-squared values of 0.985 and 0.987 for training and testing phases respectively. Furthermore, the visual comparison of estimated and actual hydrocarbon solubility led to confirm the ability of proposed solubility model. Additionally, sensitivity analysis has been employed on the input variables of model to identify their impacts on hydrocarbon solubility. Such a comprehensive and reliable study can help engineers and scientists to successfully determine the important thermodynamic properties, which are key factors in optimizing and designing different industrial units such as refineries and petrochemical plants.
Differential Item Functioning on Raven’s SPM+ Amongst Two Convenience Samples of Yakuts and Russians
Authors: Shibaev Vladimir , Grigoriev Andrei , Valueva Ekaterina , Karlin Anatoly
Published: January 2020

National IQ estimates are based on psychometric measurements carried out in a variety of cultural contexts and are often obtained from Raven’s Progressive Matrices tests. In a series of studies, J. Philippe Rushton et al. have argued that these tests are not biased with respect to ethnicity or race. Critics claimed their methods were inappropriate and suggested differential item functioning (DIF) analysis as a more suitable alternative. In the present study, we conduct a DIF analysis on Raven’s Standard Progressive Matrices Plus (SPM+) tests administered to convenience samples of Yakuts and ethnic Russians. The Yakuts scored lower than the Russians by 4.8 IQ points, a difference that can be attributed to the selectiveness of the Russian sample. Data from the Yakut (n = 518) and Russian (n = 956) samples were analyzed for DIF using logistic regression. Although items B9, B10, B11, B12, and C11 were identified as having uniform DIF, all of these DIF effects can be regarded as negligible (R2 <0.13). This is consistent with Rushton et al.’s arguments that the Raven’s Progressive Matrices tests are ethnically unbiased.
Ultra-Sensitive Flexible Pressure Sensor Based on Microstructured Electrode
Authors: Li Mengmeng , Liang Jiaming , Wang Xudong , Zhang Min
Published: January 2020

Flexible pressure sensors with a high sensitivity in the lower zone of a subtle-pressure regime has shown great potential in the fields of electronic skin, human–computer interaction, wearable devices, intelligent prosthesis, and medical health. Adding microstructures on the dielectric layer on a capacitive pressure sensor has become a common and effective approach to enhance the performance of flexible pressure sensors. Here, we propose a method to further dramatically increase the sensitivity by adding elastic pyramidal microstructures on one side of the electrode and using a thin layer of a dielectric in a capacitive sensor. The sensitivity of the proposed device has been improved from 3.1 to 70.6 kPa−1 compared to capacitive sensors having pyramidal microstructures in the same dimension on the dielectric layer. Moreover, a detection limit of 1 Pa was achieved. The finite element analysis performed based on electromechanical sequential coupling simulation for hyperelastic materials indicates that the microstructures on electrode are critical to achieve high sensitivity. The influence of the duty ratio of the micro-pyramids on the sensitivity of the sensor is analyzed by both simulation and experiment. The durability and robustness of the device was also demonstrated by pressure testing for 2000 cycles.
Magnetic Ring Multi-Defect Stereo Detection System Based on Multi-Camera Vision Technology
Authors: Zhang Xinman , Gong Weiyong , Xu Xuebin
Published: January 2020

Magnetic rings are the most widely used magnetic material product in industry. The existing manual defect detection method for magnetic rings has high cost, low efficiency and low precision. To address this issue, a magnetic ring multi-defect stereo detection system based on multi-camera vision technology is developed to complete the automatic inspection of magnetic rings. The system can detect surface defects and measure ring height simultaneously. Two image processing algorithms are proposed, namely, the image edge removal algorithm (IERA) and magnetic ring location algorithm (MRLA), separately. On the basis of these two algorithms, connected domain filtering methods for crack, fiber and large-area defects are established to complete defect inspection. This system achieves a recognition rate of 100% for defects such as crack, adhesion, hanger adhesion and pitting. Furthermore, the recognition rate for fiber and foreign matter defects attains 92.5% and 91.5%, respectively. The detection speed exceeds 120 magnetic rings per minutes, and the precision is within 0.05 mm. Both precision and speed meet the requirements of real-time quality inspection in actual production.
Design of a New Method for Detection of Occupancy in the Smart Home Using an FBG Sensor
Authors: Vanus Jan , Nedoma Jan , Fajkus Marcel , Martinek Radek
Published: January 2020

This article introduces a new way of using a fibre Bragg grating (FBG) sensor for detecting the presence and number of occupants in the monitored space in a smart home (SH). CO2 sensors are used to determine the CO2 concentration of the monitored rooms in an SH. CO2 sensors can also be used for occupancy recognition of the monitored spaces in SH. To determine the presence of occupants in the monitored rooms of the SH, the newly devised method of CO2 prediction, by means of an artificial neural network (ANN) with a scaled conjugate gradient (SCG) algorithm using measurements of typical operational technical quantities (indoor temperature, relative humidity indoor and CO2 concentration in the SH) is used. The goal of the experiments is to verify the possibility of using the FBG sensor in order to unambiguously detect the number of occupants in the selected room (R104) and, at the same time, to harness the newly proposed method of CO2 prediction with ANN SCG for recognition of the SH occupancy status and the SH spatial location (rooms R104, R203, and R204) of an occupant. The designed experiments will verify the possibility of using a minimum number of sensors for measuring the non-electric quantities of indoor temperature and indoor relative humidity and the possibility of monitoring the presence of occupants in the SH using CO2 prediction by means of the ANN SCG method with ANN learning for the data obtained from only one room (R203). The prediction accuracy exceeded 90% in certain experiments. The uniqueness and innovativeness of the described solution lie in the integrated multidisciplinary application of technological procedures (the BACnet technology control SH, FBG sensors) and mathematical methods (ANN prediction with SCG algorithm, the adaptive filtration with an LMS algorithm) employed for the recognition of number persons and occupancy recognition of selected monitored rooms of SH.
Profiling Volatilomes: A Novel Forensic Method for Identification of Confiscated Illegal Wildlife Items
Authors: Ueland Maiken , Brown Amber , Bartos Cecilia , Frankham Greta J. , Johnson Rebecca N. , Forbes Shari L.
Published: January 2020

Globally, the rapid decline in wildlife species has many causes. The illegal trafficking of fauna and flora is a major contributor to species decline and continues to grow at an alarming rate. To enable the prosecution of those involved in the trafficking of illegal wildlife, accurate and reliable identification is paramount. Traditionally, morphology and DNA amplification are used. This paper investigates a novel application of volatilome profiling using comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography coupled with time of flight mass spectrometry for wildlife sample detection. Known samples of elephant-derived ivory, other dentine samples, and bone (a common ivory substitute) were used as reference samples for volatilome profiling. Subsequently, specimens that were suspected ivory from border control seizures were obtained and analysed. Confirmatory DNA analyses were conducted on seized samples to establish the reliability parameters of volatilome profiling. The volatilome method correctly identified six of the eight seized samples as elephant ivory, which was confirmed through DNA analysis. There was also clear distinction of African elephant ivory parts from the bone and dentine samples from other species, as shown through PCA and discriminant analyses. These preliminary results establish volatilome profiling through GC×GC-TOFMS as a novel screening method used for the identification of unknown wildlife contraband.
Mechanical Behaviors of a Symmetrical Bolt Fasten Wedge Active Joint for Braced Excavations
Authors: Zhang Mingju , Yang Meng , Li Pengfei , Gao Yunhao
Published: January 2020

Joint-failure of steel tube bracing structures usually causes an excavation accident. A symmetrical bolt fasten wedge (BFW) active joint has been innovatively developed in this paper, which overcomes the shortcomings of the traditional steel wedge (SW) active joint. Three full-scale BFW active joint specimens were manufactured for field operation tests. The test results show that the proposed active joint had a good construction feasibility and a wide applicability. After the field operation tests, axial compression experiments were implemented. Meanwhile, a series of numerical simulations were performed. The numerical results agreed with that of the experiments. Both showed that the working principle and mechanical principle of the BFW active joint was reasonable and ingenious; it had outstanding mechanical properties. Overall, the BFW active joint had the advantages of structure and mechanical properties, and it is suitable for popularization and application.
Framing the Debate on Suburbanization in North America and Germany Conceptually—Edward Soja’s Concept of “Regional Urbanization” Revisited
Authors: Mlejnek Marius , Lütke Petra , Wood Gerald
Published: January 2020

This article is on imaginaries of the urban. Here, we develop a critical view on urban and regional developments in capitalist countries and scrutinize explanation patterns anchored in a rigid urban–suburban dichotomy that tend to disregard the complex processuality of current urbanization forms. This contribution focusses on the impact societal change has on spatial and societal structures as well as on forms of socialization in urban regional contexts. As a starting point, we deliberately address current debates on suburbanization from which we first derive research desiderata and then conceptually position the debate. The main aim of the paper is to underscore the importance of the conceptual debate on postmodern urban development which is inextricably linked with the so-called LA school of urbanism and in particular with Edward Soja. In the conceptual part of the paper, we start from Edward Soja’s concept (Postmetropolis, 2000) on postmodern urban development in which overarching urbanization processes materialize on a continuum from center to periphery. His theoretical positionings offer a number of possibilities for analyzing and interpreting socio-economic, socio-structural, and socio-cultural urbanization processes. Essentially, we are offering a conceptual discussion of current urban regional processes based on Edward Soja’s theorizations (Soja, 2011) that take the socio-structural, socio-economic, and socio-cultural pluralities and complexity of Regional Urbanization into account. We contend that the seminal contribution of Edward Soja lends itself to a comprehensive and up-to-date understanding of processes of urbanization, including suburban developments.
WISATA HALAL MUSLIM MILENIAL
Authors: Iflah Iflah
Published: January 2020

Year to year halal tourism is starting to become popular, in line with the increase in Muslim tourists. Development of halal tourism now carried out by various countries, both majority Muslim and non-Muslim countries. Target of halal tourism market is growing rapidly in the millennial Muslim because it is considered potential in driving halal tourism development. This study of halal tourism seeks to interpret cultural tourism which is synergized with the halal industry as a spiritual experience of modern society, namely millennial Muslims. This literature review will disscuss millennial Muslims in Indonesia as the main segment in utilizing the potential offered from domestic and foreign halal tourism based on literature and other references relating to halal tourism and Y generations. This literature study aims to explore halal tourism at local and abroad which focuses on the segmentation of millennial Muslims as a population that is considered potential in increasing halal tourism development. Focus on study in a particular segmentation is expected to be able to broaden the understanding of the concept of halal tourism from the perspective of the younger generation so that the halal tourism industry is able to develop according to the changes and needs of the times.
Openness of Public Information at Regional Representative Institutions In Carrying out the Function of the Regional House of Representatives
Authors: Hikmat Mahi M
Published: January 2020

Law No. 14 of 2008 on public information transparency (KIP), must implement the information transparency.  One of the Government Public Councils whose accessibility of information transparency to public is Regional House of Representatives (DPRD).  DPRD has two different functional structures, consisting of leadership with DPRD complementary organs and secretariat. DPRD should have strategy in the implementation of KIP and it was in the study entitled The Policy Implementation of Regional House of Representatives in Public Information Transparency. Inductive data analysis was conducted through of the data simplification processes into a more readable and interpretable form.  This study employed the statutory approach and descriptive qualitative method to reveal the strategies applied by DPRD in implementing KIP.  This normative legal research took data from regulation of law relating to KIP. The result of the study shows that the law of KIP provides an obligation to DPRD as an "object" or a "subject". DPRD is “Dual of Public Council", leadership—complementary organs of DPRD and secretariat who are authorized to determine the status of information.  The strategies implemented by DPRD consisting of strengthening the implementation of KIP, asserting the differentiation of DPRD and secretariat position, and supporting KIP with the main function of DPRD.
Using chicory ordynary as raw materials for production of pickled products
Authors: Gasparyan  , Maslovsky  , Zamyatina  , Nesterenko  , Karpova  , Kitova  , Leunov  , Begeulov  , Rybina  , Solovyeva  , Sedov
Published: January 2020

Marinating is one of the most common ways of processing vegetable raw materials. The use of new, non-traditional types of raw materials, in particular root chicory, should be considered as one of the directions for expanding the assortment of marinated products, increasing its consumer properties. Researches in this direction were conducted in 2018 on the basis of the Department of Technology for storing and processing fruits and vegetables of the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education of the Russian State Agrarian University-Moscow Agricultural Academy named after K.A. Timiryazev. The object of research was the root chicory varieties Yaroslavsky. The scheme of experience included biochemical studies of raw materials, laboratory production of weakly acidic and acidic pickles using in the formulation of acetic essence, wine and apple vinegar, organoleptic and biochemical studies of the finished product. Studies have shown that the production of pickled products from chicory allows you to get products with high organoleptic characteristics. Improving the quality of pickled products is promoted by replacing the vinegar essence with apple or wine vinegar in the recipe - the taste becomes less sharp, the aroma is enriched with fruit tones. Neutral taste of chicory with a slightly bitter aftertaste is optimally combined with the high content of acetic acid (up to 0.9%), characteristic of sour pickles. Sour marinade using tartaric acid in the recipe according to the results of tasting received the highest score - 9.8 points on a 10-point scale.
Historical lessons of potato cooperation
Authors: Osipov Vladimir
Published: January 2020

The article suggests a discussion about finding solutions to the uneven market power of potato producers and processors. The high bargaining power of individuals who are not directly related to the production of potatoes has a direct impact on the income level of those who create the product. The obvious injustice of such a situation is not the know-how of the modern stage of development of capitalist relations in Russia, but a well-forgotten old, unresolved question from the past. Such a situation, when the producer of the product was in a deliberately subordinate position in relation to the buyer, wholesale processor, breeder, is completely new. And the decision that previously gave a positive result cannot be called new, it is industrial cooperation. There are institutional conditions for its implementation; it seems that economic conditions have ripened to strengthen agricultural producers.
Ensuring the accelerated implementation of achievements of selection and seed-producing of potatoes in the conditions of market economy
Authors: Tulcheev Vladimir , Nekrasov Roman , Zhevora Sergey , Oves Elena , Gordienko Natalia
Published: January 2020

The article provides a brief overview of the accelerated implementation of the achievements of selection and seed production in a developing market economy. The authors describe the main possible constraints to the spread of the achievements of Russian breeding and seed production using the example of the potato-food subcomplex. Thus, the authors believe that in the new competitive market conditions, the role of breeding, seed growing and accelerating innovation in the potato-food subcomplex of the agro-industrial complex of the Russian Federation is increasing, including the relationship of originators of varieties, seed-growing farms with other horizontal and vertical integrated potato-growing units, export and other structures. Resolution of contradictions between these parties is a necessary condition for successfully overcoming difficulties in the development of domestic selection and seed production.
Ciberespacio y semiótica de la otredad
Authors: Pablo Molina Ahumada Ernesto , Gherlone Laura
Published: January 2020

El ciberespacio se presenta en la cultura contemporánea como un territorio complejo que habilita prácticas inéditas de representación para la relación identidad-otredad, a partir de la mediación digital de lo cognitivo, corporal, emocional y lingüístico-comunicativo potenciado semióticamente con el fin de plasmar esa tensión constitutiva de lo humano yootro. A partir del estudio de la cara digital (Leone 2018) y la semiótica de los emojis (Danesi 2016), y el abordaje del enlace específico que propone el videojuego entre jugador, avatar y mundo virtual, este artículo intenta sugerir claves de interpretación frente a las nuevas posibilidades semióticas del ciberespacio con respecto al problema de la identidad-otredad
Mutu Organoleptik Abon Ikan Roa Asap Dari Desa Bahoi Kecamatan Likupang Barat Kabupaten Minahasa Utara
Authors: Lohoo Helen Jenny , Palenewen Joyce C. V.
Published: January 2020

Pemanfaatan ikan roa asap menjadi produk masih sangat terbatas, maka dari itu perlu dilakukan diversifikasi ikan roa asap dengan salah satu cara pengolahan produk abon. Pengolahan ikan roa asap menjadi abon akan memberi kepraktisan pada konsumen dalam mengkonsumsi ikan roa siap saji. Produk ini mempunyai tekstur yang lembut rasa dan aroma yang khas. Pembuatan abon merupakan salah satu alternatif pengolahan ikan. Hal ini dilakukan untuk mengantisipasi kelimpahan produksi ataupun untuk penganekaragaman produk perikanan. Pada kegiatan ini ikan yang dibuat abon adalah ikan roa asap yang diberi perlakuan diperas menggunakan spinner dan tanpa menggunakan mesin spinner, sedangkan panelis adalah ibu ibu yang mengolah abon ikan roa asap dan beberapa ibu lainnya yang ada di desa Bahoi. Hasil uji organoleptik dan mutu abon ikan roa asap yang diproduksi oleh perempuan  (ibu-ibu pesisir) desa Bahoi Kecamatan Likupang Barat Kabupaten Minahasa Utara Provinsi Sulawesi Utara memperlihatkan bahwa panelis memberikan respon rata-rata sangat suka dan amat sangat suka (nilai 8 dan 9) terhadap rasa, aroma dan tekstur produk abon ikan roa asap yang dilakukan penirisan minyak menggunakan mesin spinner. Untuk pengujian lainnnya seperti Kadar air, dan Total Plate Count memberikan hasil memenuhi  standar nasional Indonesia (SNI) untuk produk abon pada umumnya.
Big Data Tools and Techniques: A Roadmap for Predictive Analytics
Authors:   Research Scholar, Department of Computer Science & Applications, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, Ratra Ms RItu , Gulia Dr. Preeti ,   Assistant Professor, Department of Computer Science & Applications, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana
Published: January 2020

Nowadays, large volume of data is generated in the form of text, voice, video, images and sound. It is very challenging job to handle and to get process these different types of data. It is very laborious process to analysis big data by using the traditional data processing applications. Due to huge scattered file systems, a big data analysis is a difficult task. So, to analyses the big data, a number of tools and techniques are required. Some of the techniques of data mining are used to analyze the big data such as clustering, prediction, and classification and decision tree etc. Apache Hadoop, Apache spark, Apache Storm, MongoDB, NOSQL, HPCC are the tools used to handle big data. This paper presents a review and comparative study of these tools and techniques which are basically used for Big Data analytics. A brief summary of tools and techniques is represented here.
Effect of Industrial Waste and Geopolymers on Stabilisation of Expansive Clay
Authors:   Civil Engineering department,Veltech Rangarajan Dr.Sagunthala R&D Institute of Science and Technology , Chennai, India, Sangeetha A. , Sivaranjani S. ,   Civil Engineering department,Veltech Rangarajan Dr.Sagunthala R&D Institute of Science and Technology , Chennai, India
Published: January 2020

Expansive clay soils are geotechnically problematic in nature as they possess less shear strength, high compressibility and low permeability. This research work was carried out with a view to improve index and engineering properties of expansive soil by stabilizing it with industrial wastes and geopolymers. The industrial wastes such as fly ash, silica fume and sodium-hydroxide were used for the stabilization of expansive soil. the virgin clay soil was tested for its index properties, compaction characteristics and shear strength determination. the stabilization of clay is made by adding and mixing those materials by varying its percentage. In the stabilization of soil with sodium hydroxide, an attempt has been made to study the effect of its molarity on the various properties of the soil. The clay soil stabilized with various materials was also tested for the same properties and that results were compared with that of virgin soil to find the effect of stabilization.
ОСОБЛИВОСТІ МИСЛЕННЄВИХ ОПЕРАЦІЙ У ДІТЕЙ ДОШКІЛЬНОГО ВІКУ ІЗ ЗАТРИМКОЮ ПСИХІЧНОГО РОЗВИТКУ
Authors: Малинич Марина
Published: January 2020

У статті розглянуто питання дослідження особливостей мисленнєвих операцій у дітей із затримкою психічного розвитку дошкільного віку. На емпіричному рівні встановлено та проаналізовано провідні особливості мисленнєвих операцій у дітей дошкільного віку із затримкою психічного розвитку.
СОБІВАРТІСТЬ ПРОДУКЦІЇ ЯК ВАЖЛИВИЙ ПОКАЗНИК ЕФЕКТИВНОСТІ РОБОТИ ПІДПРИЄМСТВА
Authors: Рибак Ірина , Гут Любов
Published: January 2020

У статті проаналізовано підходи до трактування поняття «собівартість продукції» у фаховій літературі, що дало можливість уточнити сутність цієї економічної категорії. і показано взаємозв’язок собівартості продукції та ціни. Розкрито явище собівартості продукції, її роль у формуванні ціни на продукцію, значення показника собівартості в управлінні виробництвом, її місце в економічному механізмі господарювання.
АНАЛІЗ ЗАСОБІВ БЕЗПЕКИ БІОМЕТРИЧНОЇ ІНФОРМАЦІЇ
Authors: Полетаєв Олексій , Матвєєв Дмитро
Published: January 2020

Використання біометричної інформації в цифровому світі вимагає надійність і безпечність під час оперування. У даній статі приводяться приклади біометричної інформації, яку можна зчитувати та використовувати для збереження особистої інформації. Також проаналізували плюси і мінуси кожного із способів і виявили кращий спосіб.