bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SAETTA: high-resolution 3-D mapping of the total lightning activity in the Mediterranean Basin over Corsica, with a focus on a mesoscale convective system event
Authors: Coquillat Sylvain , Defer Eric , de Guibert Pierre , Lambert Dominique , Pinty Jean-Pierre , Pont Véronique , Prieur Serge , Thomas Ronald J. , Krehbiel Paul R. , Rison William
Published: November 2019

Abstract. Deployed on the mountainous island of Corsica for thunderstorm
monitoring purposes in the Mediterranean Basin, SAETTA is a network of 12 LMA
(Lightning Mapping Array, designed by New Mexico Tech, USA) stations that
allows the 3-D mapping of very high-frequency (VHF) radiation emitted by cloud discharges in the
60–66 MHz band. It works at high temporal (∼40 ns in each 80 µs time window) and spatial (tens of meters at best) resolution
within a range of about 350 km. Originally deployed in May 2014, SAETTA was
commissioned during the summer and autumn seasons and has now been permanently
operational since April 2016 until at least the end of 2020. We first
evaluate the performances of SAETTA through the radial, azimuthal, and
altitude errors of VHF source localization with the theoretical model of
Thomas et al. (2004). We also compute on a 240 km × 240 km domain
the minimum altitude at which a VHF source can be detected by at least six
stations by taking into account the masking effect of the relief. We then
report the 3-year observations on the same domain in terms of number of
lightning days per square kilometer (i.e., total number of days during which
lightning has been detected in a given 1 km square pixel) and in terms of
lightning days integrated across the domain. The lightning activity is first
maximum in June because of daytime convection driven by solar energy input,
but concentrates on a specific hot spot in July just above the intersection
of the three main valleys. This hot spot is probably due to the low-level
convergence of moist air fluxes from sea breezes channeled by the three
valleys. Lightning activity increases again in September due to numerous
small thunderstorms above the sea and to some high-precipitation events.
Finally we report lightning observations of unusual high-altitude discharges
associated with the mesoscale convective system of 8 June 2015. Most of
them are small discharges on top of an intense convective core during
convective surges. They are considered in the flash classification of Thomas
et al. (2003) to be small–isolated and short–isolated flashes. The other high-altitude discharges, much less numerous, are long-range flashes that develop
through the stratiform region and suddenly undergo upward propagations
towards an uppermost thin layer of charge. This latter observation is
apparently consistent with the recent conceptual model of Dye and Bansemer (2019) that explains such an upper-level layer of charge in the stratiform
region by the development of a non-riming ice collisional charging in a
mesoscale updraft.
Performance of SIFT-MS and PTR-MS in the measurement of volatile organic compounds at different humidities
Authors: Lehnert Ann-Sophie , Behrendt Thomas , Ruecker Alexander , Pohnert Georg , Trumbore Susan E.
Published: November 2019

Abstract. As direct real-time analysis techniques, Selective Ion Flow Tube Mass Spectrometry (SIFT-MS) and Proton-Transfer Reaction Mass Spectrometry (PTR-MS) provide on-line measurement of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Both techniques are widely-used across several disciplines, e.g. atmospheric chemistry, food science and medicine. However, the humidity of the sampled air greatly influences the quantified mixing ratio, and must be accounted for in the calibration of both platforms. Here we present both an evaluation of calibration functions taking account for humidity and a side-by-side comparison of the performance of the two instruments based upon a calibration of 15 different VOCs over a relative humidity range from 0–90 % at 25 °C. While we made several improvements to a Voice 200 ultra SIFT-MS instrument to reduce background levels, overall detection limits for a PTR-QMS 500 are an order of magnitude lower. Sensitivity (here defined as the slope of the calibration curve) was higher for the SIFT-MS, and its calibration was more robust against humidity compared to PTR-MS. Thus, PTR-MS is the method of choice for simple, low-concentration, low-humidity analyses with a limited number of compounds whereas SIFT-MS is better-suited for more complex systems with varying humidity like our experiments investigating the change in VOC emissions of soils during dryout.
The mechanism of sapropel formation in the Mediterranean Sea: Insight from long duration box-model experiments
Authors: Dirksen Jan Pieter , Meijer Paul Th.
Published: November 2019

Abstract. Periodic bottom water oxygen deficiency in the Mediterranean Sea has led to the deposition of organic rich sediments during geological history, so called sapropels. Although a mechanism linking the formation of these deposits to orbital variability has been derived from the geological record, physics-based proof is limited to snapshot and short time-slice experiments with (Oceanic) General Circulation Models. Specifically, previous modelling studies have investigated atmospheric and oceanographic equilibrium states during orbital extremes (minimum and maximum precession). In contrast, we use a conceptual box model that allows us to focus on the transient response of the Mediterranean Sea to orbital forcing and investigate the physical processes causing sapropel formation. The model is constrained by present day measurement data, while proxy data offers constraints on the timing of sapropels. The results demonstrate that it is possible to describe the first order aspects of sapropel formation in a conceptual box model. A systematic model analysis approach provides new insights on features observed in the geological record, such as timing of sapropels, intra-sapropel intensity variations and interruptions. Moreover, given a scenario constrained by geological data, the model allows us to study the transient response of variables and processes that cannot be observed in the geological record. The results suggest that atmospheric temperature variability plays a key role in sapropel formation, and that the timing of the midpoint of a sapropel can shift significantly with a minor change in forcing due to nonlinearities in the system.
The pan-tropical response of soil moisture to El Niño
Authors: Solander Kurt C. , Newman Brent D. , Carioca de Aruajo Alessandro , Barnard Holly R. , Berry Z. Carter , Bonal Damien , Bretfeld Mario , Burban Benoit , Antonio Candido Luiz , Célleri Rolando , Chambers Jeffery Q. , Christoffersen Bradley O. , Detto Matteo , Dorigo Wouter A. , Ewers Brent E. , José Filgueiras Ferreira Savio , Knohl Alexander , Leung L. Ruby , McDowell Nate G. , Miller Gretchen R. , Terezinha Ferreira Monteiro Maria , Moore Georgianne W. , Negron-Juarez Robinson , Saleska Scott R. , Stiegler Christian , Tomasella Javier , Xu Chonggang
Published: November 2019

Abstract. The 2015–16 El Niño event ranks as one of the most severe on record in terms of the magnitude and extent of sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies generated in the tropical Pacific Ocean. Corresponding global impacts on the climate were expected to rival, or even surpass, those of the 1997–98 severe El Niño event, which had SST anomalies that were similar in size. However, the 2015–16 event failed to meet expectations for hydrologic change in many areas, including those expected to receive well above normal precipitation. To better understand how climate anomalies during an El Niño event impact soil moisture, we investigate changes in soil moisture in the humid tropics (between ±25°) during the three most recent super El Niño events of 1982–83, 1997–98, and 2015–16, using data from the Global Land Data Assimilation System (GLDAS). First, we validate the soil moisture estimates from GLDAS through comparison with in-situ observations obtained from 16 sites across five continents, showing an r2 of 0.54. Next, we apply a k-means cluster analysis to the soil moisture estimates during the El Niño mature phase, resulting in four groups of clustered data. The strongest and most consistent decreases in soil moisture occur in the Amazon basin and maritime southeast Asia, while the most consistent increases occur over east Africa. In addition, we compare changes in soil moisture to both precipitation and evapotranspiration, which showed a lack of agreement in the direction of change between these variables and soil moisture most prominently in the southern Amazon basin, Sahel and mainland southeast Asia. Our results can be used to improve estimates of spatiotemporal differences in El Niño impacts on soil moisture in tropical hydrology and ecosystem models at multiple scales.
An integrated evaluation of the National Water Model (NWM)–Height Above Nearest Drainage (HAND) flood mapping methodology
Authors: Johnson J. Michael , Munasinghe Dinuke , Eyelade Damilola , Cohen Sagy
Published: November 2019

Abstract. Flood maps are needed for emergency response, research, and planning. The Height Above Nearest Drainage (HAND) technique is a low-complexity, terrain-based approach for inundation mapping using elevation data, discharge–height relationships, and streamflow inputs. The recent operational capacities of the NOAA National Water Model (NWM) and
preprocessed HAND products from the University of Texas offer an operational framework for real-time and forecast flood guidance across the US. In this study, we evaluate the integrated National Water
Model –Height Above Nearest Drainage (NWM–HAND) flood mapping approach
using 28 remotely sensed inundation maps and 54 reach-level catchments. The
results show the NWM–HAND method tends to underpredict inundated cells in
4th-order and lower-order reaches but does better with a slight tendency to overpredict in high-order reaches. An evaluation of the roughness coefficient used in the production of synthetic rating curves suggests it is the most important parameter for correcting these errors. Persistent inaccuracies do occur when NWM streamflow predictions are substantially biased (>60 % mean absolute error between NWM and observed streamflow) and in regions of low relief. Overall, the NWM–HAND method does not accurately capture inundated cells but is quite capable of highlighting regions likely to be at risk in 4th-order streams and higher. While NWM–HAND should be used with caution when identifying flood boundaries or making decisions of whether a cell is dry or wet, its applicability as a high-level guidance tool along larger rivers is
noteworthy.
Anisotropic P-wave travel-time tomography implementing Thomsen's weak approximation in TOMO3D
Authors: Meléndez Adrià , Jiménez Clara Estela , Sallarès Valentí , Ranero César R.
Published: November 2019

Abstract. We present the implementation of Thomsen's weak
anisotropy approximation for vertical transverse isotropy (VTI) media within TOMO3D, our code for 2-D and
3-D joint refraction and reflection travel-time tomographic inversion. In
addition to the inversion of seismic P-wave velocity and reflector depth,
the code can now retrieve models of Thomsen's parameters (δ and
ε). Here, we test this new implementation following four
different strategies on a canonical synthetic experiment in ideal conditions
with the purpose of estimating the maximum capabilities and potential weak
points of our modeling tool and strategies. First, we study the sensitivity
of travel times to the presence of a 25 % anomaly in each of the
parameters. Next, we invert for two combinations of parameters (v, δ, ε and v, δ, v⊥), following two inversion strategies,
simultaneous and sequential, and compare the results to study their
performance and discuss their advantages and disadvantages. Simultaneous
inversion is the preferred strategy and the parameter combination (v, δ, ε)
produces the best overall results. The only advantage of
the parameter combination (v, δ, v⊥) is a better recovery of the
magnitude of v. In each case, we derive the fourth parameter from the equation
relating ε, v⊥ and v. Recovery of v, ε and
v⊥ is satisfactory, whereas δ proves to be impossible to
recover even in the most favorable scenario. However, this does not hinder
the recovery of the other parameters, and we show that it is still possible
to obtain a rough approximation of the δ distribution in the medium by
sampling a reasonable range of homogeneous initial δ models and
averaging the final δ models that are satisfactory in terms of data
fit.
Social Justice or Inequality: The Heart of the Net Neutrality Debate
Authors: Sohn Gigi B.
Published: November 2019

N/A
Net Neutrality Repeal Rips Holes in the Public Safety Net
Authors: Sandoval Catherine J.K.
Published: November 2019

N/A
Distributional effects of transport policies on inequalities in access to opportunities in Rio de Janeiro
Authors: Pereira Rafael H. M. , Banister David , Schwanen Tim , Wessel Nate
Published: November 2019

The evaluation of social impacts of transport policies has been attracting growing attention in recent years. Yet studies thus far have predominately focused on developed countries and overlooked whether equity assessment of transport projects is sensitive to the modifiable areal unit problem (MAUP). This paper investigates how investments in public transport can reshape socio-spatial inequalities in access to opportunities, and it examines how MAUP can influence the distributional effects of transport project evaluations. The study looks at Rio de Janeiro (Brazil) and the transformations carried out in the city in preparation for the 2014 World Cup and the 2016 Olympics, which involved substantial expansion in public transport infrastructure followed by cuts in service levels. The paper uses before-and-after comparison of Rio's transport network (2014-2017) and quasi-counterfactual analysis to examine how those policies affect access to schools and jobs for different income groups and whether the results are robust when the data is analyzed at different spatial scales and zoning schemes. Results show that subsequent cuts in service levels have offset the accessibility benefits of transport investments in a way that particularly penalizes the poor, and that those investments alone would still have generated larger accessibility gains for higher-income groups. These findings suggest that, contrary to Brazil’s official discourse of transport legacy, recent policies in Rio have exacerbated rather than reduced socio-spatial inequalities in access to opportunities. The study also shows that MAUP can influence the equity assessment of transport projects, suggesting that this issue should be addressed in future research.
Cash Conversion Cycle and Profitability, Evidence from Jordan
Authors: Al-Mohareb Manar Moffadi
Published: November 2019

This study investigates the impact of working capital management and its components on profitability as a practical aspect, and how is compatible with the theoretical aspect. Besides, it examines other financial factors that may affect profitability by using a sample of Jordanian manufacturing firms listed in the Amman Stock Exchange for the period (2016-2018). Theoretically, manufacturing firms that have been studied have current assets over half of their total assets. Therefore, the working capital management role will be clearer on firm profitability.Practically, the results indicate that there is a significant relationship between the cash conversion cycle, which is considered as a proxy of working capital management, and profitability of the manufacturing firms. This provides an opportunity to create value for shareholders by decreasing receivable accounts and inventory, enhancing the profitability of the firms and reducing the collection period and by adopting effective credit policy.
Vatican II, Medellin, and Ecumenism: A Brazilian Protestant Perspective
Authors: Barreto Raimundo C.
Published: November 2019

The Latin American participation in the Second Vatican Council and the Vatican II reception, interpretation, and transformation at the Second General Conference of the Latin American Episcopal Council (CELAM) in Medellin (1968) marked the beginning of a new ecumenical era that engendered popular collaboration among Latin American Catholics and Protestants based mostly on concerns for justice, democracy, human rights, and citizenship. The new era was informed by a strong commitment to solidarity with the oppressed. The rise, in particular, of ecumenismo popular is an important contribution from Latin America to the broader ecumenical movement. The new windows opened in Medellin for church and society in Latin America remain critical for the continuous construction of an ecumenical agenda in the twenty-first century.
A AVALIAÇÃO AMBIENTAL INTEGRADA E OS CENÁRIOS SOCIOECONÔMICOS DE MUNICÍPIOS IMPACTADOS PELAS USINAS HIDRELÉTRICAS PEIXE ANGICAL E SÃO SALVADOR NO RIO TOCANTINS
Authors: Maldaner Kiara Lubick Silva , Lima Adila Maria Taveira de , Akama Alberto , Marques Elineide Eugênio
Published: November 2019

Este estudo comparativo buscou analisar se as previsões da AvaliaçãoAmbiental Integrada (AAI) dos Aproveitamentos Hidrelétricos da Bacia doRio Tocantins foram concretizadas a médio prazo, no período compreendidoentre 2006 e 2015. Foram considerados os cenários de potencialidades noque se refere à socioeconomia dos municípios de Palmeirópolis, Paranã,Peixe e São Salvador do Tocantins, no estado do Tocantins, Brasil, impactadosdiretamente pelas usinas hidrelétricas (UHEs) Peixe Angical e São Salvador.Como metodologia, foi utilizada a análise de conteúdo da AAI e a análise dosdados socioeconômicos dos municípios investigados. Os resultados apontamque os cenários socioeconômicos previstos foram parcialmente alcançados,especialmente com o aumento da receita municipal. Porém, outros indicadoressocioeconômicos revelaram índice de desenvolvimento econômico e socialnos municípios não correspondente às previsões contempladas no estudode planejamento da bacia.
Utilización de la pulpa de café ensilada como alimento de ovinos
Authors: Blandón Navarro Sandra Lorena
Published: November 2019

La pulpa de café es el subproducto que se obtiene de la operación de despulpado del fruto en uva, en los beneficios húmedos. Esta es rica en nutrientes y propicia el desarrollo de microorganismos y vectores de enfermedades cuando no recibe ningún tratamiento. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar el valor nutritivo de la pulpa de café ensilada en rumiantes (ovinos). La formulación se realizó utilizando 92.5% de pulpa de café, 5% de melaza, 1.5 % de urea y 1% de sal mineral. La mezcla resultante se introdujo en barriles, compactándolos para garantizar condiciones anaerobias durante 100 días. Posteriormente, se procedió a realizar el ensayo, utilizando 4 pelibueyes machos de 30 kg de peso vivo, los cuales fueron alojados en jaulas metabólicas individuales, con cuatro períodos experimentales de 15 días cada uno, considerando 10 días para la adaptación a las dietas experimentales y 5 días para la colección de muestras o toma de datos. Las variables a medir fueron el consumo de alimento, la digestibilidad aparente y la degradación ruminal. Los resultados obtenidos demostraron que la utilización de la pulpa de café en la alimentación de ovinos incrementó el consumo total de materia seca y no tuvo efecto sobre su digestibilidad aparente. Asimismo, presenta un alto potencial de degradación ruminal, demostrándose que casi toda puede ser fermentada en el rumen. Por lo tanto, la pulpa de café ensilada puede ser utilizada en la alimentación de ovinos, en época seca.
Denominación de origen del café de San Rafael del Norte
Authors: Díaz Corrales Alba Veranay
Published: November 2019

El problema principal de los productores de café de San Rafael del Norte, es producir un café de calidad y no obtener del mismo los beneficios económicos correspondientes, por no desarrollar una promoción hacia la obtención de la denominación de origen, a pesar que el país ya cuenta con un marco legal respectivo. Esta investigación, se enfoca a la tramitación de la denominación de origen registrando sus atributos y particularidades en un área específica, correspondiente al departamento de Jinotega, municipio de San Rafael del Norte, con las cooperativas Flor de Pino y Tepeyac, pertenecientes al grupo UCOSEMUN. Para lograr la denominación de Origen se realizó caracterización del municipio de San Rafael del Norte y la ubicación de cada una de las fincas. Se realizó la toma de 160 muestras de café para el análisis físicos-químicos, organolépticos y bioquímicos para la caracterización del café, tanto de San Rafael como Dipilto (testigo). En los resultados de calidad organoléptica, se obtuvo un puntaje promedio total para San Rafael del Norte de 81.5. y en cuanto al parámetro de acidez se obtuvo un puntaje de 6.5. Se está trabajando en la Norma Técnica del café de San Rafael del Norte, para solicitud y tramitación de la denominación de Origen (D.O) del café ante el MIFIC. Una vez alcanzada la D.O se obtendrán los siguientes beneficios: Diferenciar el producto café de San Rafael por sus características especiales, de otros cafés, y será considerado como un café de alta calidad en mercados. Se garantizará al consumidor un producto de calidad con características específicas. Mejorará la organización del sector productivo, facilitando el acceso del producto a mercados nacionales e internacionales. Mejores precios a los pequeños y medianos productores organizados en cooperativas de San Rafael del Norte, Jinotega, al comercializar el café con un origen reconocido.
Las nuevas tecnologías como instrumentos didácticos en nuestro quehacer docente
Authors: Hernández Zamora Marcos
Published: November 2019

Las computadoras, tal y como la conocemos hoy, tienen su aparición a inicios de la década de los 80, cuando se estaba apostando por un uso personal, fuera de las grandes corporaciones y empresas que podían costear un súper equipo. A muchos les pareció “ideas de locos” que una computadora pudiera ser de utilidad en un hogar, mucho menos se imaginarían que podría ser utilizada para la enseñanza en las escuelas e instituciones de educación superior como un instrumento más a disposición de los profesores. A inicios del año 2008 en el primer semestre, los profesores de la UNI – Norte contaban con tres Datas móviles con PC Portátiles para presentaciones de sus clases en las aulas, dos aulas equipadas con televisores de plasma de 42 pulgadas, una sala de medios equipada con un PC, un televisor de plasma de 50 pulgadas y un equipo de audio interconectados entre sí para las clases que necesitan multimedia, un escáner y dos laboratorios de cómputos. Según el registro de la oficina de informática de la Sede, los profesores hicieron uso de los distintos medios según gráfica mostrada a continuación.
Índice de vulnerabilidad ante efectos del cambio climático: Choluteca, Honduras
Authors: Paz Delgado Ana Carolina
Published: November 2019

Por su situación geográfica y características socioeconómicas, Honduras es considerado uno de los países más vulnerables del mundo ante los impactos del cambio climático; ya que su ubicación favorece el paso de los fenómenos climáticos extremos como huracanes y tormentas tropicales que, año con año azotan al país, situación que debilita su frágil economía frenando el desarrollo sostenible. Uno de los departamentos altamente afectados por el cambio climático, es el departamento de Choluteca, ubicado en la zona sur del país. En ese contexto el presente artículo analiza la situación de vulnerabilidad de los municipios del departamento de Choluteca ante los efectos del cambio climático mediante la construcción de un índice de vulnerabilidad. Se parte desde una visión retrospectiva, estimando los municipios que han sido más vulnerables, comprende el grado de exposición al riesgo, que enfrenta la población a eventos climáticos, así como a la sensibilidad al ser afectado por un desastre natural y la capacidad de adaptación tanto del gobierno local como de sus habitantes, desde un aspecto sociodemográfico y ambiental.

Mediante el análisis de indicadores sociodemográficos a nivel municipal, se identificó la población de los municipios de Choluteca más vulnerables ante el riesgo de los efectos del cambio climático, considerando que se han visto afectados por desastres naturales, con repercusiones en diversos aspectos de la vida. Uno de los impactos más sensibles es la seguridad alimentaria de la población, a la par del descenso en el nivel de ingreso de las familias que, ante este tipo de situaciones, toma la decisión de migrar a nivel interno o internacional, lo que tiene consecuencias en el descenso de la fecundidad y la composición de los hogares, entre otros.
Determinantes próximos de la fecundidad adolescente en Honduras periodo 2011-2012
Authors: Rosales Jinna Yennsy
Published: November 2019

Este artículo tiene como objetivo analizar las determinantes indirectas e intermedias relacionadas con la fecundidad adolescente y su vinculación con el nivel de escolaridad. Metodológicamente se replica el modelo de fecundidad planteado por John Bongaarts; utilizando los datos de la Encuesta de Demografía y Salud (ENDESA) 2011-2012. Tras examinar las variables intermedias que plantea el modelo, se identificó como la variable más influyente la nupcialidad o unión temprana; en un periodo de tres años la tasa global de fecundidad adolescente es de 1.46, valor que presenta el promedio de hijos por cada mil mujeres adolescentes, además se encontró que en los casos de adolescentes embarazadas o que ya eran madres para el año de la encuesta, la mayoría se encontraba residiendo en el área rural. Estas adolescentes presentan características sociodemográficas diferentes a las del área urbana como: mayor número de hijos, menor nivel de escolaridad, y se ubican en los quintiles más bajos de riqueza.
The Impact of Digital Transformation on Banking
Authors: Khanchel Hanen
Published: November 2019

In this paper, we discuss in more detail the context of Tunisian banks, with a focus on digital transformation strategies considered, the mission that preceded this study and the methodology and approach. Secondly, we will analyze the results of the study to reconstruct the features of the digital transformation of movement in Tunisian banks.The study of the digital transformation of Tunisian banks is carried on the board Matine Consulting firm. This study is launched in the continuity of the inaugural training program certifying on the topic of FinTechs and digital transformation of banks, set up by Matine in collaboration with the Academy of Banking and Finance (ABF).
Antibiotic Cement Spacers for Infected Total Knee Arthroplasties
Authors: Lachiewicz Paul F. , Wellman Samuel S. , Peterson Jonathan R.
Published: November 2019

Periprosthetic infection remains a frequent complication after total knee arthroplasty. The most common treatment is a two-stage procedure involving removal of all implants and cement, thorough débridement, insertion of some type of antibiotic spacer, and a course of antibiotic therapy of varying lengths. After some interval, and presumed eradication of the infection, new arthroplasty components are implanted in the second procedure. These knee spacers may be static or mobile spacers, with the latter presumably providing improved function for the patient and greater ease of surgical reimplantation. Numerous types of antibiotic cement spacers are available, including premolded cement components, surgical molds for intraoperative spacer fabrication, and the use of new metal and polyethylene knee components; all these are implanted with surgeon-prepared high-dose antibiotic cement. As there are advantages and disadvantages of both static and the various mobile spacers, surgeons should be familiar with several techniques. There is inconclusive data on the superiority of any antibiotic spacer. Both mechanical complications and postoperative renal failure may be associated with high-dose antibiotic cement spacers.
Selectivity of Post-emergence Herbicides for the Chickpea
Authors: Araújo Lucas da Silva , Silva Luís Gustavo Barroso , Valente Mateus de Souza , Silva Anderson Rodrigo da , Cunha Paulo César Ribeiro da , Nascimento Warley Marcos
Published: November 2019

Few herbicide options are available for controlling post-emergence weeds in the chickpea. The aim of this work therefore, was to study the selectivity of herbicides applied post-emergence for the chickpea ‘BRS Aleppo’. Two experiments were carried out, one in the greenhouse and the other in the field (winter-spring crop). A completely randomised experimental design was used for the screening experiment (greenhouse), with 15 treatments and four replications. Fourteen treatments with herbicides (g a.i. ha-1) were evaluated: bentazon (360 and 720), chlorimuron (10 and 20), clethodim (54 and 108), fluazifop (94 and 188), fomesafen (125 and 250), haloxyfop (30 and 60) and lactofen (90 and 180), in addition to the control with no application. From this experiment, herbicides that did not impair growth in the chickpea were selected for the field experiment based on plant height and shoot dry matter. During the field stage, a randomised block design was used, with 11 treatments and three replications. Ten treatments including the herbicides clethodim, fluazifop, fomesafen, haloxyfop and lactofen were evaluated in two rates, in addition to the control with no application. Based on the results of the two experiments, it was concluded that the ACCase inhibitors (clethodim, fluazifop and haloxyfop) caused no lesions or damage to the chickpea, while the latifolicides (fomesafen and lactofen) caused visual lesions which did not result in significant loss in yield. Bentazon (360 and 720 g a.i. ha-1) and chlorimuron-ethyl (10 and 20 a.i. g ha-1) were not selective, causing severe damage to the chickpea plants.
Best approximation of conjugate of a function in generalized Zygmund
Authors: Nigam Hare Krishna
Published: November 2019

In this paper, we, for the very first time, study the error estimates of conjugate of a function ~g of g(2-periodic) in generalized Zygmund class Y wz (z 1); by Matix-Euler (TEq) product operatorof conjugate Fourier series. In fact, we establish two theorems on degree of approximation of afunction ~g of g (2-periodic) in generalized Zygmund class Y wz (z 1); by Matix-Euler (TEq)product means of its conjugate Fourier series. Our main theorem generalizes three previouslyknown results. Thus the results of [7], [8] and [26] become the particular cases of our Theorem2.1. Some corollaries are also deduced from our main theorem.
Utilización de la contextualización mediante el uso de demostraciones experimentales para mejorar la percepción y la actitud hacía la Química de los futuros maestros
Authors: Álvarez Herrero Juan Francisco , Valls Bautista Cristina
Published: November 2019

La investigación educativa que presentamos tiene como objetivo fundamental cambiar la actitud y la percepción de los futuros maestros hacia la Química. Para ello se utilizó un test con preguntas de valoración (escala de Likert) antes y después de realizar la intervención en el aula para poder evaluar si se producía una mejora en la percepción y la actitud que tenían los alumnos frente a la Química. Para conseguir cambiar dicha actitud se optó por tratar el contenido de Química a través de demostraciones experimentales que contextualizasen dicho contenido. Además se utilizaron herramientas basadas en la teoría constructivista del aprendizaje, como el mapa conceptual y el diagrama de V, que potencian el aprendizaje significativo. Los resultados obtenidos fueron muy satisfactorios, ya que la actitud y la percepción de los alumnos mejoró considerablemente después de realizar la actividad didáctica propuesta.
Tendencias de las investigaciones sobre la ciencia presente en la sociedad: una revisión sistemática
Authors: Ezquerra Angel , Mafokozi José , G. Campillejo Asuncion , Benéitez Amparo Elisa , Morcillo Juan Gabriel
Published: November 2019

En este trabajo se analizan qué tendencias de investigación se han planteado en los últimos diez años sobre la formación en ciencia y sobre la ciencia que tiene la ciudadanía. De entre los 734 trabajos publicados en las dos revistas de didáctica de las ciencias más relevantes de nuestro país fueron seleccionados 96 artículos. Se observaron ciertas tendencias preponderantes en: palabras clave, modelos de investigación, objetivos planteados, tipo de muestras, fuentes y técnicas de recogida de datos y análisis empleados. También se identificaron aspectos pendientes como el modo en que los individuos actualizan sus conocimientos sobre ciencia a lo largo de la vida o si existen diferencias entre los ciudadanos a la hora de interpretar los temas sociocientíficos en función de su formación inicial, edad, tipo de fuentes que manejan, etc. Tampoco parece que estemos en disposición de proponer medidas para intervenir en la formación científica de las personas más allá de haberles dado una base en la formación reglada.
Thoracoscopic Pleural Brushing—An Innovative Method of Pleural Sampling in Diagnostic Medical Thoracoscopy
Authors: Sivagnaname Yuvarajan , Radhakrishnan Praveen , Selvam Antonious Maria
Published: November 2019

Introduction: Pleural biopsy is the commonest mode of obtaining thoracoscopic pleural specimens from suspected pleural lesions. However, this may be associated with arisk of bleeding in certain cases. The decision to perform biopsy could be difficult, especially when the lesions are close to vascular structures and the visceral pleura. So, pleural brushing can be used to get safely thoracoscopic specimens in addition to biopsy samples. Aim: To determine the sensitivity and specificity of thoracoscopic pleural brushing in exudative pleural effusions. Material and methods: This prospective study was done in the Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Sri Manakula Vinayagar Medical College, Pondicherry, India on 80 patients with exudative pleural effusion in whom pleural fluid analysis and closed pleu-ral biopsy results were inconclusive. All these patients were subjected to medical thoracoscopy after getting informed consent. Pleural biopsy and pleural brushings were taken and sent for analysis. Results:Thoracoscopic pleural biopsy was diagnostic in 76 of 80 patients (95%). Thoracoscopic pleural brushing was diagnostic in 74 patients (92.5%). Histopathology revealed malignancy (82.7%), granulomatous inflammation (11.5%) and nonspecific inflam-mation (5.7%). The sensitivity and specificity of pleural brushing were 96% and 75%, respectively. Interestingly, pleural brushing was the only diagnostic modality in one patient that was reported to be adenocarcinoma. Conclusions: Thoracoscopic pleural brushing is an easy, convenient and safe procedure as it can augment the diagnostic yield of thoracoscopy. It is of significant value, especially in sampling pleural lesions close to vessels and the visceral pleura compared to pleural biopsy.
Neurogenic Pulmonary Oedema as a Rare Complication of Epileptic Seizures
Authors: Sova Milan , Franc David , Ctvrtlik Filip , Jakubec Petr , Asswad Amjad , Kolek Vitezslav
Published: November 2019

Introduction: Neurogenic pulmonary oedema (NPE) is avery rare complication of epileptic seizures, which could potentially increase mortality. Material and methods: The case of a 66-year-old male patient with NPE caused by repeated epileptic seizures is reported. Rapid resolution of pulmonary oedema is well documented by X-ray and computed tomography images. Conclusions: Neurogenic pulmonary oedema could potentially increase mortality, and thus, it is important to perform achest X-ray in all patients presenting with seizures and dyspnoea.
Physical activity, physical fitness and quality of life of the University of the Third Age students
Authors: Pieczyńska Anna
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Læreres erfaringer med teknologi og design i ungdomsskolen i møte med ny læreplan i Norge
Authors: Ladstein Sigve
Published: November 2019

Technology and Design was included as a multidisciplinary subject and specific field of science in the Knowledge Promotion reform in Norway. In this study middle school teachers are interviewed how they understand the school authorities’ intentions with technology and design, and how they plan and teach this subject. This article also investigate to what extent multidisciplinary collaboration exists between teachers responsible for technology and design. According to teachers, they believe the purpose behind technology and design is so students’ competencies can meet society’s needs related to engineering and science, and motivate students to choose a scientific education. The internet and educational instruction books in science inspire the teachers, but the curriculum’s competency goals hardly govern the provided education. Some teachers use relevant practical activities, but the quality of education varies considerably. Noteworthy, multidisciplinary instruction is hindered, due to a lack of planning time and priority. This experience raises questions when multidisciplinary instruction is expected to increase in the Norwegian curriculum reform from 2020.
Helge Strömdahl (1945-2018)
Authors: Rundgren Carl-Johan , Tibell Lena , Haglund Jesper , Tullberg Aina
Published: November 2019

This article is written in memory of Professor Helge Strömdahl (1945-2018), the former director of the Swedish National Graduate School in Science and Technology Education (FontD). Helge took his Ph.D. at Gothenburg University in 1996 with the dissertation “On mole and amount of substance. A study of the dynamics of concept formation and concept attainment”. He was director of the Swedish National Graduate School in Science and Technology Education (FontD) from 2001 until his retirement in 2010, and became professor in science education at Linköping University. As director of the national graduate school, Helge encouraged and cultivated a methodologically and theoretically broad view on research in science education.
Do saber ao ser: reflexões sobre a formação do médico de família e comunidade em serviço territorial de base comunitária
Authors: Marques André Cordeiro
Published: November 2019

Objetivos: O presente estudo buscou a partir das reflexões sobre o processo de execução e manutenção de um grupo para a promoção de saúde em uma unidade de atenção primária em saúde no município de Fortaleza, CE, sistematizar a experiência  de organização, execução  e manutenção  de um grupo para a promoção da saúde  em uma unidade de atenção primária em saúde no município de Fortaleza, CE correlacionando a experiência do processo grupal com os referenciais teóricos da Atenção Primária em Saúde (APS) e da Abordagem Sistêmica  Comunitária (ASC), apontar desafios e potencialidades dessa abordagem no contexto da APS e seu potencial impacto sobre a saúde das comunidades e sobre a formação de especialistas em Medicina de Família e Comunidade. Métodos: Utilizou-se uma metodologia de sistematização de experiências em diálogo com as narrativas autobiográficas e o círculo de cultura. Resultados: A recuperação do processo vivido evidenciou o potencial da integração entre ferramentas da ASC, da Educação Popular e do Processo Grupal, ancorados no conhecimento e na aplicação dos princípios norteadores da Medicina de Família e Comunidade para a produção de mudanças no processo de trabalho do profissional médico e no seu contexto de atuação. Conclusão: Ao sistematizar o processo vivido e confrontá-lo com a teoria da implicação do sujeito vieram à tona aspectos do fazer médico na APS que de outra forma permaneceriam restritos e implícitos no modo de Ser Médico de Família e Comunidade. A narrativa propõe questionamentos quanto ao impacto do desse fazer médico sobre a saúde das populações, individual e coletivamente e sobre o próprio profissional enquanto ser humano passível de adoecimento e dotado de infinitas potencialidades. Caminhos possíveis e as possibilidades de mudança e superação do modelo médico-assistencialista hegemônico e vigente foram propostos a partir desta narrativa plena de signos e significados.
Reseña de Open Islamicate Texts Initiative (OpenITI)
Authors: Padillo Saoud Abdenour
Published: November 2019

En este texto se reseña una de las principales iniciativas en Humanidades Digitales relacionadas con los estudios islámicos clásicos. OpenITI consiste en un corpus de textos islámicos pre-modernos que pretende establecer la infraestructura tecnológica necesaria para incorporar las nuevas formas de análisis y tratamiento computacional de la información a los estudios islámicos.
Mediatización y digitalización del patrimonio cultural. El caso de la Mediateca del Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia
Authors: Ortega Vázquez Guillermo Salvador
Published: November 2019

La relación entre patrimonio cultural y medios de comunicación ha tenido una transformación con la incursión de los recursos digitales. Este trabajo comprende esta relación a partir de un par de explicaciones teóricas. La primera de ellas con el concepto de sociedad red establecido por Manuel Castells y, por otro lado, el proceso de mediatización que delinea Stig Hjarvard. Para acercarnos de forma deductiva a este fenómeno se analizan las características de la biblioteca digital del Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia y la resignificación del patrimonio cultural desde el plano digital.
Site-specific phosphorylation and caspase cleavage of GFAP are new markers of Alexander disease severity
Authors: Battaglia Rachel A , Beltran Adriana S , Delic Samed , Dumitru Raluca , Robinson Jasmine A , Kabiraj Parijat , Herring Laura E , Madden Victoria J , Ravinder Namritha , Willems Erik , Newman Rhonda A , Quinlan Roy A , Goldman James E , Perng Ming-Der , Inagaki Masaki , Snider Natasha T
Published: November 2019

Alexander disease (AxD) is a fatal neurodegenerative disorder caused by mutations in glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), which supports the structural integrity of astrocytes. Over 70 GFAP missense mutations cause AxD, but the mechanism linking different mutations to disease-relevant phenotypes remains unknown. We used AxD patient brain tissue and induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived astrocytes to investigate the hypothesis that AxD-causing mutations perturb key post-translational modifications (PTMs) on GFAP. Our findings reveal selective phosphorylation of GFAP-Ser13 in patients who died young, independently of the mutation they carried. AxD iPSC-astrocytes accumulated pSer13-GFAP in cytoplasmic aggregates within deep nuclear invaginations, resembling the hallmark Rosenthal fibers observed in vivo. Ser13 phosphorylation facilitated GFAP aggregation and was associated with increased GFAP proteolysis by caspase-6. Furthermore, caspase-6 was selectively expressed in young AxD patients, and correlated with the presence of cleaved GFAP. We reveal a novel PTM signature linking different GFAP mutations in infantile AxD.
Function of hTim8a in complex IV assembly in neuronal cells provides insight into pathomechanism underlying Mohr-Tranebjærg syndrome
Authors: Kang Yilin , Anderson Alexander J , Jackson Thomas Daniel , Palmer Catherine S , De Souza David P , Fujihara Kenji M , Stait Tegan , Frazier Ann E , Clemons Nicholas J , Tull Deidreia , Thorburn David R , McConville Malcolm J , Ryan Michael T , Stroud David A , Stojanovski Diana
Published: November 2019

Human Tim8a and Tim8b are members of an intermembrane space chaperone network, known as the small TIM family. Mutations in TIMM8A cause a neurodegenerative disease, Mohr-Tranebjærg syndrome (MTS), which is characterised by sensorineural hearing loss, dystonia and blindness. Nothing is known about the function of hTim8a in neuronal cells or how mutation of this protein leads to a neurodegenerative disease. We show that hTim8a is required for the assembly of Complex IV in neurons, which is mediated through a transient interaction with Complex IV assembly factors, in particular the copper chaperone COX17. Complex IV assembly defects resulting from loss of hTim8a leads to oxidative stress and changes to key apoptotic regulators, including cytochrome c, which primes cells for death. Alleviation of oxidative stress with Vitamin E treatment rescues cells from apoptotic vulnerability. We hypothesise that enhanced sensitivity of neuronal cells to apoptosis is the underlying mechanism of MTS.
Allelic variant in SLC6A3 rs393795 affects cerebral regional homogeneity and gait dysfunction in patients with Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Wang Lina , Yuan Yongsheng , Wang Jianwei , Shen Yuting , Zhi Yan , Li Junyi , Wang Min , Zhang Kezhong
Published: November 2019

Aims

We sought to explore the role of the SLC6A3 rs393795 allelic variant in cerebral spontaneous activity and clinical features in Parkinson’s disease (PD) via imaging genetic approach.

Methods

Our study recruited 50 PD and 45 healthy control (HC) participants to provide clinical, genetic, and resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) data. All subjects were separated into 16 PD-AA, 34 PD-CA/CC, 14 HC-AA, and 31 HC-CA/CC four subgroups according to SLC6A3 rs393795 genotyping. Afterwards, main effects and interactions of groups (PD versus HC) and genotypes (AA versus CA/CC) on cerebral function reflected by regional homogeneity (ReHo) were explored using two-way analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) after controlling age and gender. Finally, Spearman’ s correlations were employed to investigate the relationships between significantly interactive brain regions and clinical manifestations in PD subgroups.

Results

Compared with HC subjects, PD patients exhibited increased ReHo signals in left middle temporal gyrus and decreased ReHo signals in left pallidum. Compared with CA/CC carriers, AA genotype individuals showed abnormal increased ReHo signals in right inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) and supplementary motor area (SMA). Moreover, significant interactions (affected by both disease factor and allelic variation) were detected in right inferior temporal gyrus (ITG). Furthermore, aberrant increased ReHo signals in right ITG were observed in PD-AA in comparison with PD-CA/CC. Notably, ReHo values in right ITG were negatively associated with Tinetti Mobility Test (TMT) gait subscale scores and positively related to Freezing of Gait Questionnaire (FOG-Q) scores in PD-AA subgroup.

Conclusions

Our findings suggested that SLC6A3 rs393795 allelic variation might have a trend to aggravate the severity of gait disorders in PD patients by altering right SMA and IFG function, and ultimately result in compensatory activation of right ITG. It could provide us with a new perspective for exploring deeply genetic mechanisms of gait disturbances in PD.