bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Jumlah Eosinofil pada Anak dengan Soil Transmitted Helminthiasis yang Berusia 6-10 Tahun
Authors: Silalahi Reggy Harapan Baringin , Wistiani Wistiani , Dharmana Edi
Published: November 2016

Latar belakang. Kecacingan atau soil transmitted helminthes (STH) dan alergi keduanya merupakan masalah kesehatan dengan morbiditas yang cukup luas di berbagai negara. Kecacingan berkaitan dengan peningkatan eosinofil darah yang juga dipengaruhi oleh berbagai faktor termasuk alergi.Tujuan. Membuktikan jumlah eosinofil darah pada anak usia 6 -10 tahun yang mengalami kecacingan (STH).Metode. Desain studi observasional menggunakan cross sectional pada anak usia 6–10 tahun yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi. Subjek dipilih secara consecutive sampling di empat sekolah dasar di Semarang yang dipilih dengan purposive sampling. Dilakukan pemeriksaan fisik, tinggi badan, berat badan, mengisi kuisinoner International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC), pemeriksaan mikroskopik feses dan jumlah eosinofil darah. Analisis statistik menggunakan uji Mann Whitney dan Pearson chi square.Hasil. Di antara 74 anak, didapatkan 25 (33,8%) dengan kecacingan (STH) dan 49 tidak kecacingan (66,2%). Pada anak yang mengalami kecacingan (STH), nilai median eosinofil adalah 437,0 (123-1021) dan pada anak yang tidak kecacingan adalah 228,0 (72-1095) dengan nilai p=0,019. Pada kecacingan STH, nilai rasio prevalensi kejadian eosinofilia adalah 3,189 (p=0,025; 95% CI 1,136-8,954). Nilai median eosinofil anak dengan alergi didapatkan 312,0 (111-799) dan pada anak yang tidak alergi didapatkan 251,0(72-1095) dengan nilai p=0,974.Kesimpulan. Jumlah eosinofil darah pada anak usia 6-10 tahun yang menderita kecacingan (STH) berbeda secara bermakna dengan anak yang tidak mengalami kecacingan.
Hubungan Kadar Feritin Serum dengan Gangguan Fungsi Paru Pasien Thalassemia Mayor Anak
Authors: Sani Marte Robiul , Kartasasmita Cissy B. , Reniarti Lelani
Published: November 2016

Latar belakang. Gangguan fungsi paru merupakan komplikasi thalassemia yang sering dilupakan. Kelebihan besi yang ditandai peningkatan kadar feritin serum diduga merupakan penyebab terjadinya gangguan fungsi paru pada pasien thalassemia mayor.Tujuan. Menganalisis hubungan kadar feritin serum dengan gangguan fungsi paru pasien thalassemia mayor anak serta menentukan batasan kadar feritin serum yang berhubungan dengan gangguan fungsi paru.Metode. Penelitian cross-sectional dilaksanakan pada bulan April-Mei 2013. Dilibatkan 45 anak thalassemia mayor di Poliklinik Thalassemia RS Dr. Hasan Sadikin, Bandung. Setiap subjek dilakukan anamnesis, pemeriksaan fisis, kadar feritin serum, dan spirometri. Analisis hubungan kadar feritin serum dengan gangguan fungsi paru digunakan uji regresi logistik dengan pertimbangan variabel perancu serta kurva ROC untuk menentukan batasan kadar feritin serum yang berhubungan dengan gangguan fungsi paru.Hasil. Sejumlah 45 anak memenuhi kriteria penelitian. Di antara 45 anak, 16 mengalami gangguan fungsi paru restriktif dengan derajat gangguan bervariasi, 11 anak gangguan ringan, 4 sedang, 1 berat, dan tidak ada yang mengalami gangguan fungsi paru obstruktif atau campuran. Rerata kadar feritin serum � � kelompok gangguan fungsi paru restriktif (7.151,88 μg/L) lebih tinggi dibandingkan kelompok paru normal (3.450,34 μg/L) dan kadar feritin 4.839 μg/L berhubungan dengan gangguan fungsi paru. Pada pasien thalassemia mayor anak didapatkan korelasi kadar feritin serum dengan gangguan fungsi paru (p=0,000, OR=50,754).Kesimpulan. Terdapat hubungan bermakna kadar feritin serum dengan gangguan fungsi paru pasien thalassemia mayor anak dan kadar feritin 4.839 μg/L merupakan batasan kadar feritin yang berhubungan dengan gangguan fungsi paru.
Hubungan Kadar Interleukin-6 dengan Luaran Infeksi Pascabedah
Authors: Solang Albert Daniel , Pudjiadi Antonius , Latief Abdul , Istanti Yusrina , Martuti Sri , Supriatna Moh. , Pudjiastuti Pudjiastuti
Published: November 2016

Latar belakang. Pembedahan merupakan stresor yang memicu respons metabolik sehingga berpengaruhterhadap luaran termasuk status nutrisi dan infeksi. Berbagai parameter respons fase akut, status nutrisi, usia,lama pembedahan, serta skor ASA merupakan faktor risiko terjadinya infeksi luka operasi yang merupakankomplikasi pembedahan.Tujuan. Mengetahui hubungan antara IL-6 sebagai parameter respons fase akut dengan luaran infeksipascabedah.Metode. Penelitian observasional analitik dilakukan di ICU anak tiga rumah sakit, yaitu RS Dr. CiptoMangunkusumo, RS Dr. Kariadi, dan RSUD Dr. Muwardi. Dilakukan pemeriksaan kadar IL-6, kortisol,dan CRP pada hari ke-5 pascabedah. Lama dan jenis pembedahan, skor ASA, dan usia dicatat dari rekammedis. Dilakukan uji korelasi Spearman untuk melihat hubungan antara kadar IL-6 dengan kadar kortisol,CRP dan RBP, serta Fisher’s exact test untuk melihat hubungan antara usia, lama pembedahan, skor ASA,dan IL-6 dengan luaran infeksi.Hasil. Selama kurun waktu 6 bulan, terdapat 30 subjek yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi. Didapatkan korelasiantara kadar IL-6 dengan CRP, kortisol, dan RBP [r=0,8 (p=0,00); r=0,4 (p=0,02); r=-0,5 (p=0,03)]. Tidakterdapat hubungan antara usia, lama pembedahan, dan skor ASA dengan luaran infeksi (p>0,05), tetapiterdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara kadar IL-6 dengan luaran infeksi (p=0,04).Kesimpulan. Terdapat korelasi antara kadar IL-6 pada hari ke-5 pascabedah dengan CRP, kortisol, dan RBP.Kadar IL-6 di atas 11 pg/mL pada hari ke-5 pascabedah merupakan prediktor luaran infeksi.
Faktor Prognostik Kegagalan Terapi Epilepsi pada Anak dengan Monoterapi
Authors: Triono Agung , Herini Elisabeth Siti
Published: November 2016

Latar belakang. Epilepsi merupakan salah satu penyakit neurologi utama pada anak. Banyak faktor yangmemengaruhi kegagalan monoterapi epilepsi pada anak sehingga akan berdampak pada keberhasilan terapiepilepsi secara keseluruhan.Tujuan. Mengetahui faktor prognostik yang dapat digunakan untuk memprediksi kegagalan monoterapiepilepsi pada anakMetode. Penelitian kasus-kontrol pada pasien epilepsi usia 6 bulan sampai dengan 18 tahun yang berobatke Poli Anak RSUP Dr. Sardjito tahun 2009. Kasus adalah pasien epilepsi yang gagal dengan monoterapidan kontrol adalah pasien epilepsi yang berhasil dengan monoterapi.Hasil. Didapat 120 pasien dengan 60 pasien kelompok kontrol dan 60 kelompok kasus. Dilakukan analisisunivariat pada masing-masing faktor prognostik. Berdasarkan analisis univariat didapatkan beberapa faktorprognostik kegagalan monoterapi, yaitu terapi epilepsi yang tidak segera, frekuensi serangan kejang sebelumterapi, status epileptikus, adanya defisit neurologis, dan adanya kelainan neurologi penyerta. Setelah dianalisissecara multivariat, faktor frekuensi serangan kejang sebelum terapi >10 kali (OR 14,196, IK95%:3,576-56,348; p<0,01) dan adanya kelainan neurologi penyerta (OR 18,977, IK95%:3,159-113,994; p<0,01 )merupakan faktor prognostik kegagalan monoterapiKesimpulan. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa anak epilepsi dengan serangan kejang lebih darisepuluh kali sebelum terapi dan adanya kelainan neurologi penyerta merupakan faktor prognostik kegagalanmonoterapi.
Perbedaan Laju Filtrasi Glomerulus Berdasarkan Kadar Kreatinin dan Cystatin C Serum pada Sindrom Nefrotik Anak
Authors: Hartati Ackni , Sekarwana Nanan , DLH Dzulfikar
Published: November 2016

Latar belakang. Komplikasi sindrom nefrotik (SN) yang sering telambat terdeteksi adalah gangguan ginjalakut (GnGA). Cystatin C serum dipertimbangkan menjadi pemeriksaan potensial pengganti kreatinin sebagaipenanda fungsi ginjal. Kadar cystatin C lebih mendekati nilai laju filtrasi glomerulus (LFG) dibandingkandengan kreatinin serum.Tujuan. Menentukan perbedaan LFG berdasarkan kadar kreatinin dan cystatin C serum pada SN anak.Metode. Penelitian potong lintang dilakukan dari Februari–Maret 2014 di unit rawat jalan dan rawat inapRSUP Dr. Hasan Sadikin Bandung, RSUD Kota Bandung, dan RSUD Cibabat Kota Cimahi. Subjek SNusia 1–14 tahun. Pemeriksaan kadar kreatinin dengan metode Jaffe dan cystatin C serum dengan particleenhancedturbidimetric immunoassay (PETIA). Uji statistik menggunakan McNemar dan uji t berpasangandan kemaknaan berdasarkan nilai p<0,05.Hasil. Terdapat 21 kasus SN yang terdiri atas 18 laki-laki dan 3 perempuan dengan rerata usia 6 tahun 3bulan. Nilai LFG berdasarkan kreatinin 137,86±27,07 ml/min/1,73 m2 dan LFG berdasarkan cystatin C73,59±12,49 ml/min/1,73 m2. Terdapat perbedaan signifikan antara LFG berdasarkan kadar kreatinin dancystatin C serum (p<0,01).Kesimpulan. Proporsi LFG cystatin C berdasarkan formula Filler lebih rendah dibandingkan kreatininberdasarkan formula Schwartz
Validitas Pemeriksaan Antigen P24 HIV Metode Rapid Immunochromatography Terhadap Viral Load RNA HIV Metode PCR
Authors: Yanti Yanti , Parwati Ida , Indrati Agnes Rengga , Alam Anggraini
Published: November 2016

Latar belakang. Bayi yang dilahirkan oleh ibu pengidap HIV/AIDS akan mengandung antibodi HIV ibudalam darahnya, terdeteksi sampai usia 18 bulan. Pemeriksaan virologi (RNA/DNA HIV dan antigen p24HIV) sesuai standar WHO adalah pemeriksaan HIV pada bayi dan anak <18 bulan terlahir dari ibu HIV/AIDS.Tujuan. Mengetahui validitas pemeriksaan antigen p24 HIV metode rapid immunochromatogrpahy terhadapviral load RNA HIV metode PCR pada bayi dan anak <18 bulan dengan ibu HIV/AIDS.Metode. Penelitian dilakukan di RSUP dr. Hasan Sadikin Bandung dan RSK Dharmais Jakarta, periodeApril-September 2013. Subjek penelitian adalah 72 bayi dan anak berusia <18 bulan yang lahir dari ibuHIV/AIDS.Hasil. Sembilan (12,5%) dari 72 subjek penelitian terdeteksi HIV pada pemeriksaan viral load RNA HIV, 2(22,2%) di antaranya positif pada pemeriksaan antigen p24 HIV. Didapatkan sensitivitas 22,2%, spesifisitas100%, dan akurasi 90,3%.Kesimpulan. Pemeriksaan antigen p24 HIV metode rapid immunochromatography memiliki spesifisitastinggi, sensitivitas rendah sehingga pemeriksaan antigen p24 HIV metode rapid immunohromatographyini dapat digunakan sebagai alat diagnostik.
Dampak Penambahan Digoksin terhadap Kapasitas Fungsional Penyakit Jantung Bawaan Pirau Kiri ke Kanan yang Mengalami Gagal Jantung
Authors: Sumanti Dana , Soetadji Anindita , Mulyani Nanik Tri
Published: November 2016

Latar belakang. Efek penambahan digoksin terhadap kapasitas fungsional menunjukkan hasil yang berbeda.Beberapa penelitian menyebutkan bahwa digoksin dapat meningkatkan kapasitas fungsional, tetapi penelitianlain tidak. Uji jalan enam menit adalah uji yang mudah dilaksanakan untuk menilai kapasitas fungsionalindividu.Tujuan. Mengetahui manfaat penambahan digoksin selama satu bulan terhadap kapasitas fungsional pasienPJB pirau kiri ke kanan yang mengalami gagal jantung.Metode. Uji klinis dilaksanakan di Rumah Sakit Umum Pusat Dr Kariadi Semarang. Uji jalan enam menitdilakukan pada kedua kelompok penelitian sebelum dan sesudah perlakuan. Analisis statistik menggunakanuji –t berpasangan dan Mann-Whitney.Hasil. Tigapuluh empat subjek dapat menyelesaikan penelitian. Didapatkan perbedaan jarak tempuh uji jalan6 menit pada kelompok digoksin sebelum dan sesudah perlakuan (p=0,002). Tidak terdapat perbedaan jaraktempuh uji jalan 6 menit pada kelompok kontrol sebelum dan sesudah perlakuan (p=0,77). Perbandinganselisih jarak tempuh uji jalan 6 menit pada kelompok digoksin dan kontrol berbeda signifikan (p=0,019).Analisis kurva ROC (receiver operating curve) menunjukkan area di bawah kurva ROC untuk delta jaraktempuh sebelum dan sesudah perlakuan pada kedua kelompok 0,82. Delta jarak tempuh sebelum dansesudah perlakuan baik dengan cut of point 2,75 meter.Kesimpulan. Penambahan digoksin dapat meningkatkan kapasitas fungsional pada pasien PJB pirau kirike kanan yang mengalami gagal jantung
Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Gangguan Perilaku pada Anak Epilepsi
Authors: Lavina Alvi , Widodo Dwi Putro , Nurdadi Surastusi , Tridjaja Bambang
Published: November 2016

Latar belakang. Anak epilepsi memiliki prevalensi gangguan perilaku yang tinggi dan dapat menyebabkandampak psikososial. Sejauh ini, di Indonesia, belum ditemukan studi yang meneliti gangguan perilaku padaanak epilepsi serta faktor-faktor yang berhubungan.Tujuan. Mengetahui proporsi dan jenis gangguan perilaku anak epilepsi berdasarkan child behavior checklist(CBCL) dan hubungan antara usia awitan kejang, frekuensi kejang, durasi epilepsi, obat anti epilepsi, tingkatsosial ekonomi, dan pendidikan orangtua, dengan gangguan perilaku pada anak epilepsi, serta adaptasikeluarga dalam menghadapi anak epilepsi.Metode. Penelitian potong lintang di Klinik Neurologi Anak FKUI RSCM. Skrining gangguan perilakudengan kuesioner CBCL dilakukan pada 30 anak epilepsi tanpa defisit neurologis dan disabilitas intelektual.Studi kualitatif untuk menilai adaptasi keluarga dalam menghadapi anak epilepsi.Hasil. Terdapat 3 dari 30 anak epilepsi yang mengalami gangguan perilaku dengan jenis gangguan perilakueksternalisasi (perilaku melanggar aturan dan agresif), masalah sosial, dan gangguan pemusatan perhatian.Faktor usia awitan kejang (p=0,280), frekuensi kejang (p=0,007; RP 0,036; IK95% 0,005-0,245), durasiepilepsi (p=1,000), obat anti epilepsi (p=0,020; RP 0,019; IK95% 0,001-0,437), tingkat sosial ekonomi(p=0,251), dan pendidikan orangtua (p=1,000), tidak berisiko meningkatkan gangguan perilaku. Terdapatsikap dan reaksi, serta persepsi dan stigma orangtua yang negatif dalam menghadapi anak epilepsi yangmengalami gangguan perilaku. Terdapat masalah keluarga sejak anak mengalami epilepsi dan gangguanperilaku. Orangtua tidak dapat menerapkan pola asuh displin dan kemandirian pada anak dengan gangguanperilaku.Kesimpulan. Proporsi gangguan perilaku pada anak epilepsi tanpa defisit neurologis dan disabilitas intelektualtidak tinggi. Tidak terdapat faktor yang memengaruhi gangguan perilaku. Adaptasi keluarga baik dalammenghadapi anak epilepsi tanpa gangguan perilaku, dibandingkan dengan keluarga anak epilepsi yangmengalami gangguan perilaku
Hubungan antara Patogen Usus dengan Kadar Laktoferin Tinja pada Anak dengan Diare Akut
Authors: Manalip Daisy , Warouw Sarah M , Manoppo Jeanette I. Ch.
Published: November 2016

Latar belakang. Para dokter sering mengalami kesulitan membedakan diare akut yang disebabkan oleh bakteri maupun non-bakteri.Kadar laktoferin (LF) tinja merupakan petanda migrasi neutrofil dalam lumen usus dan dihubungkan dengan inflamasi usus.Tujuan. Mengetahui hubungan antara patogen usus dengan kadar LF tinja pada anak dengan diare akutMetode. Penelitian analitik observasional dengan pendekatan potong lintang dilakukan di dua rumah sakit umum kota Manado selamabulan Juli hingga November 2013. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan secara konsekutif pada anak berusia 7-60 bulan yang menderitadiare akut. Hasil dianalisis secara deskriptif untuk data karakteristik anak dan data laboratorium, serta analisis regresi dan korelasilinier sederhana. Data diolah menggunakan program SPSS versi 21, dengan tingkat kemaknaan p<0,05.Hasil. Total sampel yang didapatkan 43 pasien diare akut, terdiri atas 25 laki-laki dan 18 perempuan. Kadar LF tinja yang disebabkanoleh patogen usus bakteri didapatkan rerata 9,65 (SB 3,69) μg/g. Sementara kadar LF tinja yang disebabkan oleh patogen usus nonbakteri didapatkan rerata 3,72 (SB 1,48) μg/g. Terdapat perbedaan bermakna rerata LF tinja pada kedua kelompok patogen usus(p<0,001, r=0,591).Kesimpulan. Adanya hubungan yang bermakna antara patogen usus dengan kadar laktoferin tinja pada anak dengan diare akut.Patogen usus golongan bakteri memiliki kadar laktoferin tinja yang lebih tinggi daripada patogen usus golongan non bakteri.
Perbedaan Tingkat Kemandirian Anak Usia Prasekolah yang Mengikuti Program Sekolah Full Day Dibandingkan dengan Half Day
Authors: Rismawati Dina , Sitaresmi Mei Neni , Indrawanti Ratni
Published: November 2016

Latar belakang. Tujuan orangtua memasukkan anak pada program sekolah full day adalah untuk memenuhi kebutuhanperkembangan anak khususnya kemandirian. Hubungan antara tingkat kemandirian anak usia prasekolah dengan keikutsertaandalam program sekolah full day masih terdapat kontroversi.Tujuan. Mengetahui perbedaan tingkat kemandirian anak usia prasekolah yang mengikuti program sekolah full day dibandingkandengan half day.Metode. Rancangan penelitian potong lintang dengan besar sampel 116 anak usia 36 sampai 60 bulan pada 7 kelompok bermaindi Yogyakarta. Data dianalisis dengan menggunakan independent t test dan regresi linier.Hasil. Skor kemandirian anak usia prasekolah yang mengikuti program sekolah full day lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan halfday 115,67+15,90 vs 109,98+18,28 (IK95%: -0,61-11,99; p=0,07). Skor kemandirian anak yang mendapat stimulasi adekuatlebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan stimulasi tidak adekuat 116,59+15,78 vs 104,11+17,71, (IK95%: 5,92-19,04; p<0,001). Skorkemandirian anak dengan ayah berpendidikan tamat perguruan tinggi lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan berpendidikan menengah114,40 +17,35 vs 104,28+14,64, (IK95%: 1,50-18,74; p=0,022).Kesimpulan. Tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna tingkat kemandirian anak usia prasekolah yang mengikuti program sekolah fullday dibandingkan half day. Anak dengan stimulasi adekuat dan ayah berpendidikan tamat perguruan tinggi mempunyai tingkatkemandirian lebih tinggi dibandingkan anak dengan stimulasi tidak adekuat dan ayah berpendidikan menengah.
The Effect of Temperature on the Properties of Fresh Self-Compacting Concrete
Authors: Cygan G. , Gołaszewski J. , Drewniok M.
Published: November 2016

The rheological properties of self-compacting concrete are closely influenced by temperature and the time. Previous studies which aim was to research the effect of temperature on self-compacting concrete workability, showed that the behaviour of fresh SCC at varying temperatures differs from that of normal vibrated concrete. The paper presents the study of rheological properties of fresh self-compacting concrete mixtures made with portland, blast furnace and component cement. Two types of superplasticizers were used. It was proven that temperature has a clear effect on workability; it can be reduced by selecting the appropriate superplasticizer and cement.
Application of Nanomaterials in Production of Self-Sensing Concretes: Contemporary Developments and Prospects
Authors: Horszczaruk E. , Sikora P. , Łukowski P.
Published: November 2016

In the recent years structural health monitoring (SHM) has gathered spectacular attention in civil engineering applications. Application of such composites enable to improve the safety and performance of structures. Recent advances in nanotechnology have led to development of new family of sensors - self-sensing materials. These materials enable to create the so-called “smart concrete” exhibiting self-sensing ability. Application of self-sensing materials in cement-based materials enables to detect their own state of strain or stress reflected as a change in their electrical properties. The variation of strain or stress is associated with the variation in material’s electrical characteristics, such as resistance or impedance. Therefore, it is possible to efficiently detect and localize crack formation and propagation in selected concrete element. This review is devoted to present contemporary developments in application of nanomaterials in self-sensing cement-based composites and future directions in the field of smart structures.
Selection of the General Contractor Using the AHP Method
Authors: Książek M. , Ciechowicz P.
Published: November 2016

The topic of this paper is the description of the General Contractor Selection procedure using the AHP method. Another aim of this paper - within the scope of decision-making - is the determination of the potential General Contractor’s evaluation criteria and the selection of the best Bidder using the AHP method. We included the description of the conducted tender proceeding for the purpose of the procurement’s subject. As the decision-making options, we adopted four construction companies that submitted their bid. A key element of the studies was the paired comparison of all hierarchical structure elements. We estimated the local weighting coefficients and global priorities of particular decision-making options as well as analysed the vulnerabilities of the obtained results.
Multicriteria Analysis of Selected Building Thermal Insulation Solutions
Authors: Nowak P. , Skłodkowski M.
Published: November 2016

The purpose of this paper is to present and analyse the decision-making problem faced by a future house owner - selection of the optimal solution of building thermal insulation in relation to the selected criteria, both related to costs and future benefits. The problem of selecting the best solutions in the construction sector is widely discussed in the science literature. In this paper, the authors decided to solve the raised problem by using the Entropy method.
Influence of SFRC Layer on Deflections and Cracks of Composite RC Slab
Authors: Sadowska-Buraczewska B.
Published: November 2016

This paper presents an experimental analysis of flexural capacity and deformability of structural concrete slabs prepared as composite members consisting of two concrete layers made of reinforced ordinary concrete (N) and fiber reinforced concrete (SFRC). The reinforced concrete composite slabs used in the tests were prepared in the dimensions of 600 x 1200 x 80 mm. The basis was composed of two layers consisting of SFRC, one as the top layer, and one as ordinary concrete. The results of the analysis confirm a significant improvement of structural properties of the composite slab in comparison to the slabs prepared wholly of ordinary concrete.
Opinions of Veteran Runners on The Influence Between Long-Distance Running and Holistically Interpreted Health
Authors: Oborný Josef
Published: November 2016

The objective of the research was to determine the cognitive basis, the classification and evaluation of the long experience of long-distance runners in the senior category in relation to the perception of running as a factor in their overall health and wellbeing. Research was conducted with a sample of male and female long-distance runners with long experience in domestic and foreign longdistance running events in veteran categories. Oral and written interviews with the same questions were used to acquire information on the correlation between holistically understood health and long-term participation in long-distance running. The interview design allowed respondents to express their opinion on the questions in more detail through additional notes. A quantitative analysis of the acquired data was conducted using standard mathematical operations and the incidence of responses in percentage terms. The hypotheses were tested using a test on the parameter p of a binomial distribution and a median test. Senior-age long-distance runners’ decision to take up running was found to have both heteronomous motivation (encouragement by a sports teacher, admiration for other runners, persuasion by colleagues) and autonomous motivation (an internal need to run, a means for overcoming mental stress and restoring internal balance, the need to lose weight, elimination of health problems, the desire to compete). The majority of runners agreed that long-distance running had a positive effect on their overall health and physical condition. Long-distance runners rated the effect of long-distance running on their social and personal wellbeing to be greater than three on a five-point scale did. There is no statistically significant difference between the number of runners who think that long practice of running has some negative effects on their health and the number of runners who think that it has no negative effects. The majority of runners think that their health is better than that of their peers who do no sport.
A Determining Form for a Nonlocal System
Authors: Bai Lu , Yang Meihua
Published: November 2016

This work is concerned with constructing a finite dimensional form (named determining form) by adding a feedback control term through an interpolation operator. The dynamics of the determining form is consistent with those of the original system.
An in vitro study on the ability of tannic acid to inhibit methanogenesis and biohydrogenation of C18 PUFA in the rumen of goats
Authors: Al-Jumaili Wisam S. , Goh Yong M. , Jafari Saied , Rajion Mohamed A. , Jahromi Mohamed F. , Ebrahimi Mahdi
Published: November 2016

An in vitro gas production technique, using rumen fluid from four Kacang × Boer crossbred adult goats was used to study the effects of commercial tannic acid (TA, a hydrolysable tannin) on methanogenesis, fatty acid composition and biohydrogenation (BH) of C18 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in the rumen. Treatments were control (CON, 50% alfalfa hay (AH) + 50% concentrate), 25 mg TA/250 mgDM (LTA, low TA) and 50 mg TA/250 mgDM (HTA, High TA), which were mixed with 30 mL of buffered rumen fluid and incubated for 24 h. The study revealed that TA supplementation had no negative effect on rumen fermentation parameters such as pH, NH3N, acetic/propionic ratio and total volatile fatty acid (tVFA). Methane (CH4) production (mL/250 mg DM) decreased (P<0.05) with increasing levels of TA. Greatest CH4 reduction (%) was recorded for MTA (20.30%) and LTA (13.00%) compared with CON. Supplementation of the diet with TA did not affect the rate of rumen BH (%) of C18:1n-9 (oleic acid; OA), C18:2n-6 (linoleic acid; LA), C18:3n-3 (linolenic acid; LNA) and the concentration of fatty acids after 24 h of in vitro incubation. Based on this study, the addition of TA in vitro reduced rumen methanogenesis without negative effect of rumen fermentation characteristics, but in vivo studies need to be performed to determine if concentrations that inhibit methane are below toxic levels.
Distribution of non-allelic histone H1 subtypes in five avian species
Authors: Kowalski Andrzej , Pałyga Jan
Published: November 2016

The arrays of histone H1 subtypes from five avian species (chicken, grey partridge, pheasant, quail and duck) were compared to evaluate their intra- and inter-species variability. The electrophoretic patterns of linker histone preparations revealed the presence of subtypes that occur in all species (H1.a, H1.b, H1.c, H1.c′, H1.d and H5) and those which are confined to some species only (H1.a′, H1.b′, H1.z). In the densitometric profiles of histone H1 bands resolved in one-dimension acetic acid-urea polyacrylamide gel, the quantitative differences were observed both within a species (the ratio of H1.b to H1.d = 8.13 in quail) and between species (the ratio of H1.d in grey partridge and quail = 8.37). The comparable levels of abundant histone H5 that constitute from 53.62% (quail) to 60.86% (duck) of whole linker histone complement were detected in all species. Likewise, the quantification of H1 protein spots separated in a two-dimension SDS-polyacrylamide gel indicated that their intensity ratios could vary up to about 17-fold within a species (the ratio of H1.d to H1.a′ in grey partridge) and up to 10-fold between species (the ratio of pheasant H1.d to quail H1.d). Differences (P<0.05) in the histone H1 subtype levels were found both within and between avian species. A low to moderate range for the coefficients of H1 spot variation (from 0.13 to 0.72) was obtained for several independent histone H1 preparations.
Associations of six SNPs of POU1F1-PROP1-PITX1-SIX3 pathway genes with growth traits in two Chinese indigenous goat breeds
Authors: Ma Lin , Qin Qiaomei , Yang Qing , Zhang Meng , Zhao Haiyu , Pan Chuanying , Lei Chuzhao , Chen Hong , Lan Xianyong
Published: November 2016

In the process of anterior pituitary gland development and maturation, numerous transcription factors were involved in the pituitary organogenesis. To date, the lack of knowledge on POU1F1-PROP1-PITX1-SIX3 pathway genes affecting growth traits was reported in Chinese goat breeds. The objective of this work was to identify genetic variants of the POU1F1, PROP1, PITX1 and SIX3 genes, as well as to evaluate their associations with growth traits in goats. The results showed that one novel and five reported single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) were confirmed in above four genes. The novel SNP (NC_019460.2:g.1100T>A) was located in intron 1 of SIX3 gene. Among these loci, DQ826397.1:g.102T>G (SNP1), DQ826397.1:g.279T>C (SNP2) and NC_019460.2:g.1100T>A (SNP6) were associated with growth traits. In details, the SNP1 locus had significant association with hucklebone width (P<0.05) and hucklebone width index (P<0.05) in the Guanzhong dairy goat. The SNP2 locus was associated with body weight (P<0.05), chest circumference (P<0.01), chest width (P<0.05), hucklebone width (P<0.05), cannon circumference (P<0.01) and trunk index (P<0.01) in the Hainan black goat. The SNP6 locus was significantly associated with hucklebone width index (P<0.05) and chest width (P<0.05) in the Guanzhong dairy goat and Hainan black goat, respectively. These findings indicated that goat POU1F1-PROP1-PITX1-SIX3 pathway genes were important genetic factors, which could affect growth traits. Three SNPs detected in this study may be useful for potential marker-assisted selection programs in goat breeding and production.
Efficacy of subgingival air polishing in patients with aggressive periodontitis
Authors: Trtić Nataša , Bošnjak A. , Arbutina R. , Kojić Ž. , Veselinović V.
Published: November 2016

Background: Aggressive periodontitis is one of the most severe forms of periodontal disease, resulting in the destruction of junctional epithelium and alveolar bone around teeth in a very short period of time. The early diagnosis of aggressive periodontitis and timely therapy is of outmost importance in controlling the progress of the disease. Application of the techniques of subgingival air polishing of periodontal pockets (pflow) with glycine powder has contributed to reduce damage to the root surface of the teeth and surrounding soft tissue. Aim: The goal of this paper was to determine the effectiveness of two different types of subgingival air polishing therapy for the periodontal tissue status at the patients with aggressive periodontitis Methods and materials: the study included 46 patients of both sexes diagnosed with aggressive peridontitis. The patients were divided into two groups: test group (PFLOW), and control group (sonic SRP). The size of the destruction of periodontal tissue was estimated by CAL and assessment of oral hygiene and gingival inflammation was performed using FMPS and FMBS. Results: Monitored indexes values in both groups were reduced. Conclusion: Subgingival air polishing showed equally good results as the SRP, while pflow was more advantageous with respect to patients acceptability, time usability and safety for the soft tissue.
Surgical approach to dentigerous cyst with protection of the inferior alveolar nerve
Authors: Dalampiras Stylianos , Georgios-Alexandros Vakirtzian , Dalampiras Foivos-Antonios , Dalampira Maria
Published: November 2016

Aim: To stress the importance of surgical planning when treating large dentigerous cysts. Case Report: In a routine radiographic examination, a dentigerous cyst was revealed in a 20 years old male. A surgical approach that ensured the integrity of the inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) was applied. The incision was exceeded to the mesial surface of the first molar in order to create adequate surgical field and visibility. The final result was that the exposed nerve was protected successfully. Conclusion: This case shows the necessity of a meticulous preparation, even in routine operations.
A rapid approach to assess cardiac contractility by ballistocardiogram and electrocardiogram
Authors: Zhang Xianwen , Zhang Liyan , Wang Kun , Yu Chao , Zhu Tiangang , Tang Jintian
Published: November 2016

In this paper, we propose a rapid assessment on cardiac contractility by using the time interval between the I wave of ballistocardiogram (BCG) and the R wave of electrocardiogram (ECG) which is referred to as the RI interval. The whole work can be divided into two parts. First, the correlation between the RI interval and the ejection fraction (EF), which is a clinical index to assess systolic performance, was computed. For 39 subjects, the correlation coefficient is −0.54 (p<0.001). Moreover, RI intervals of heart failure (HF) patients and healthy subjects were measured, and a significant difference was found among different New York Heart Association (NYHA) classes and the healthy group. Second, the beat-to-beat correlation analysis between the RI interval and the pre-ejection period (PEP), which is a parameter of systolic time interval to evaluate the cardiac contractility, was calculated. For 4578 heart beats across eight healthy subjects, the correlation coefficient is 0.85 (p<0.001). As a conclusion, these results indicate that the RI interval can be used as a noninvasive assessment of cardiac contractility.
The course, stratification and possibility of simulating relative air humidity in winter wheat stand
Authors: Krčmářová Jana , Pokorný Radovan , Středa Tomáš
Published: November 2016

The aim of this study was: (i) long-term (2010, 2011 and 2013) evaluation of the relative air humidity in the winter wheat canopy, (ii) finding of relationships between relative air humidity in canopy and computed or measured meteorological values (precipitation totals, evapotranspiration, moisture balance, specific air humidity, volume soil moisture, % of available soil water content, value of soil water potential), (iii) testing of simulation of daily relative air humidity, based on selected meteorological values and potential evapotranspiration (FAO Penman-Monteith method) and actual evapotranspiration, (iv) testing of simulation of relative air humidity hourly values in the wheat canopy, (v) evaluation of dependence between relative air humidity and leaf wetness. The measurement was performed at the experimental field station of Mendel University in Žabčice (South Moravia, the Czech Republic). Data recording for wheat canopy was conducted by means of a meteostation equipped with digital air humidity and air temperature sensors positioned in the ground, effective height of the stand and in 2 m above the ground. The main vegetation period of wheat was divided into three stages to evaluate differences in various growing phases of wheat. The data from nearby standard climatological stations and from agrometeorological station in Žabčice were used for establishment of relationships between relative air humidity in winter wheat canopy and surrounding environment by correlation and regression analysis. Relative air humidity above 90% occurred substantially longer on the ground and at the effective height of the stand in comparison with the height of 2 m. By means of regression analysis we determined that the limit of 90% was reached in the canopy when at the climatological station it was just 60 to 90% for ground level and 70 to 90% for effective height, especially during the night. Slight dependence between measured or computed meteorological variables and relative air humidity in winter wheat canopy was found (r= 0.23 − 0.56 for precipitation totals,r= 0.27 − 0.57 for % of available soil water capacity, etc.). The simulation of hourly values of relative air humidity in wheat canopy is partially possible just when using the data of relative air humidity from the relevant standard climatological station.
The Barroque Paradise of Santa María Tonantzintla (Part I)
Authors: Glockner Julio
Published: November 2016

The baroque church of Santa María Tonantzintla is located in the Valley of Cholula in Central Mexican Plateau and it was built during 16th-19th century. Its interior decoration shows interesting symbolic fusion of Christian elements with Mesoamerican religious aspects of Nahua origin. The scholars of Mexican colonial art interpreted the Catholic iconography of Santa María Tonantzintla church as Assumption of Virgin Mary up to celestial kingdom and her coronation by the holy Trinity. One of those scholars, Francisco de la Maza, proposed the idea that apart from that the ornaments of the church evoke Tlalocan, paradise of ancient deity of rain known as Tlaloc. Following this interpretation this study explore a relation between Virgin Mary and ancient Nahua deity of Earth and fertility called Tonatzin in order to show profound syncretic bonds which exist between Cristian and Mesoamerican traditions.
International Labour Migration. A Present-Day Phenomenon Using the Example of Slovakia
Authors: Kolláriková Petra
Published: November 2016

The term migration encompasses a dynamic and complex process affected by numerous components that at the same time creates numerous relationships and factors. Nowadays, migration is understood as a natural phenomenon that occurs in every state and as a source of cultural diversity or cultural contribution. Migration touches upon a great number of issues in the fields of demography, economy, language, religion, national security and politics.

This study describes international labour migration illustrated with the example of Slovakia as well as the theories that explain the beginnings and continuance of this type of migration. Contemporary migration trends shed light on which countries are presently the most attractive for labour migrants. The part devoted to migration policy attempts to generally define this term. The conclusion of the study is dedicated to the impact of labour migration on both the countries of origin and destination.
The Concept of Sustainable Development of Cities. Ethnological Notes
Authors: Darulová Jolana
Published: November 2016

The sustainable development concept has been detailed in several strategic documents which, among other things, point out that it is a complex issue and should be explored at the inter-disciplinary level. Examples of the current ethnological research of cities concerning transformations of post-socialist urban spaces in the context of civic initiatives and participative planning and participative budget demonstrate the possibilities of ethnology in applying the sustainable development principles in an urban environment.
A computer application for parametric aircraft
design
Authors: Fraqueiro Filipe R. , Albuquerque Pedro F. , Gamboa Pedro V.
Published: November 2016

The present work describes the development
and final result of a graphical user interface tailored for
a mission-based parametric aircraft design optimization
code which targets the preliminary design phase of unmanned
aerial vehicles. This development was built from
the XFLR5 open source platform and further benefits from
two-dimensional aerodynamic data obtained from XFOIL.
For a better understanding, the most important graphical
windows are shown. In order to demonstrate the graphical
user interface interaction with the aircraft designer, the
results of a case study which maximizes payload are presented.
Transmuted Erlang-Truncated Exponential Distribution
Authors: Okorie Idika E. , Akpanta Anthony C. , Ohakwe Johnson
Published: November 2016

This article introduces a new lifetime distribution called the transmuted Erlang-truncated exponential (TETE) distribution. This new distribution generalizes the two parameter Erlang-truncated exponential (ETE) distribution. Closed form expressions for some of its distributional and reliability properties are provided. The method of maximum likelihood estimation was proposed for estimating the parameters of the TETE distribution. The hazard rate function of the TETE distribution can be constant, increasing or decreasing depending on the value of the transmutation parameter
Approximation by bivariate (p,q)-Baskakov–Kantorovich operators
Authors: Ilarslan Hatice Gul Ince , Acar Tuncer
Published: November 2016

The present paper deals with the bivariate

(
p
,
q
)

{(p,q)}

-Baskakov–Kantorovich operators and their approximation properties. First we
construct the operators and obtain some auxiliary results such as
calculations of moments and central moments, etc.
Our main results consist of uniform convergence of the operators via the Korovkin theorem and rate of
convergence in terms of modulus of continuity.
Study of structural changes in the cells of the stimulated seed sprouts
Authors: Kovalyshyn Stepan
Published: November 2016

The paper emphasises that one of the easiest and effective methods of pre-treatment of seed is by industrial electrical power frequency. In order to select the most effective treatment regime it is necessary to reveal the mechanism of the impact of electromagnetic fields on biological structures, including plants. In this regard, electron microscopy studies at the cellular level of seedlings of perennial ryegrass seed treated with electric field corona discharge were conducted. It was found that in seedlings of treated seeds the intracellular organisation of the plant varies, resulting in changes during cell division. This is apparently due to a reduction in interphase, including S-phase, resulting in disrupted normal DNA synthesis, chromatin formation and, consequently, the collection of chromosomes. As a result, the cell division is faster, which leads to increased sowing quality of seeds of studied plants. While maintaining the characteristics of the studied cell division of seedling seed which was subjected to electrical stimulation, there is the prospect of a significant increase of seed germination of ryegrass in the future generations.
Effects of serpentinite fertilizer on the chemical properties and enzyme activity of young spruce soils
Authors: Błońska Ewa , Januszek Kazimierz , Małek Stanisław , Wanic Tomasz
Published: November 2016

The experimental plots used in the study were located in the middle forest zone (elevation: 900-950 m a.s.l.) on two nappes of the flysch Carpathians in southern Poland. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of serpentinite in combination with nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizers on selected chemical properties of the soil and activity of dehydrogenase and urease in the studied soils. All fertilizer treatments significantly enriched the tested soils in magnesium. The use of serpentinite as a fertilizer reduced the molar ratio of exchangeable calcium to magnesium, which facilitated the uptake of magnesium by tree roots due to competition between calcium and magnesium. After one year of fertilization on the Wisła experimental plot, the pH of the Ofh horizon increased, while the pH of the mineral horizons significantly decreased. Enrichment of serpentinite with nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizers stimulated the dehydrogenase activity in the studied organic horizon. The lack of a negative effect of the serpentinite fertilizer on enzyme activity in the spruce stand soil showed that the concentrations of the heavy metals added to the soil were not high enough to be toxic and indicated the feasibility of using this fertilizer in forestry.
Testing Exogeneity of Multinomial Regressors in Count Data Models: Does Two-stage Residual Inclusion Work?
Authors: Geraci Andrea , Fabbri Daniele , Monfardini Chiara
Published: November 2016

We study a simple exogeneity test in count data models with possibly endogenous multinomial treatment. The test is based on Two Stage Residual Inclusion (2SRI), an estimation method which has been proved to be consistent for a general class of nonlinear parametric models. Results from a broad set of simulation experiments provide novel evidence on important features of this approach. We find differences in the finite sample performance of various likelihood-based tests, analyze their robustness to misspecification arising from neglected over-dispersion or from incorrect specification of the first stage model, and uncover that standardizing the variance of the first stage residuals leads to better results. An original application to testing the endogeneity status of insurance in a model of healthcare demand corroborates our Monte Carlo findings.
Biodefense Spending and Waste: Impact on Public Health Initiatives
Authors: Kelly Erin Lynne , Zola Adam , Strzalkowski Monica , Macmillan Benjamin , Macgreggor-Skinner Gavin
Published: November 2016

While the threat of bioterrorism carries with it strong emotions of fear and panic, the likelihood-adjusted fatality rates for a horrific bioterror event pale in comparison to that of an infectious disease like influenza. Based on this assumed risk of occurrence, the likelihood-adjusted fatality rate of a bioweapon attack is 900 deaths per year as compared to 36,000 deaths per year for influenza. The FY2016 budget for biodefense was $1.4 million in comparison to $1.2 million for pandemic influenza and emerging diseases. In addition to poor allocation of funds based on actual risk, the biodefense budget lacks government oversight, has poorly defined objectives and unnecessary redundancy. Streamlining the budget and appropriating funds with more emphasis on actual risk would allow an increase in essential areas of public health.
Mexican university teacher-researchers’ biliteracy beliefs and practices
Authors: Crhová Jitka , Domínguez María del Rocío
Published: November 2016

There has been a growing interest in describing higher education academic literacy. In our study, literacy is conceived as multi-layered phenomena, multiple in its character, denominated “multiliteracies” (Cope & Kalantzis, 2013). Furthermore, within the multiliteracies frame, multilingual literacies (Martin-Jones & Jones, 2000) are distinguished and discussed in the present paper, in particular the development of biliteracy in local academic settings. This paper explores connections between the teachers’ perceptions on literacy, teachers’ own biliteracy development as publishing authors and researchers. The research draws on the data obtained through a questionnaire applied in the first phase of the project to 100 participants from three public universities from northern, central and southern part of Mexico, which was completed by analysis of narratives gathered through interviews from a reduced sample of participants (31). The results seem to indicate that language teachers-researchers perceive their L2 literacy in wider terms, beyond mere reading-writing skills development and decodification of the text, which seems to be apparent in academics with higher academic credentials.