bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
RELEASE OF APPLE EXTRACT AND PHENOLIC COMPOUNDS FROM FIVE SEMI-SOLID FORMULATIONS
Authors: Butkeviciute Aurita , Ramanauskiene Kristina , Valdimaras Janulis
Published: August 2022

The clinical effectiveness of the phenolic compounds from apple extract will depend not only on their activity potency but also on the achieve of their action targets, and to achieve local biological effect from designed topical formulations, active substances have to be released from it. The aim of our study was to perform release test in vitro of emulsion, emulgel, gel, ointment, and oleogel containing an apple extract and individual phenolic compounds solutions. The release of phenolic compounds from semi-solid forms was assessed by Franz-type diffusion cells. The phenolic compounds of apple extract, and pure individual phenolic compounds released from five different semi-solid formulations results arrange in the following order: oleogel< ointment< gel< emulgel< emulsion. The in vitro release test showed that after 6 hours analysis the highest amount (70.6%) of phenolic compounds was released from emulsion, the lowest contents 31.6% and 29.2% were released from ointment and oleogel, accordingly. We found, that chlorogenic acid was the predominant phenolic compound released from the five different semi-solid forms after 1 ̶ 6 hours. The physicochemical properties of the investigated semi-solid formulations might have influenced the content of phenolic compounds released.
ОБҐРУНТУВАННЯ БЕЗПЕЧНОЇ ВІДСТАНІ ДЛЯ ВІДКРИТИХ КАР’ЄРІВ З ДОБУВАННЯ ГРАНІТІВ З ВИКОРИСТАННЯМ ВИБУХОВОЇ РЕЧОВИНИ (ЗА ФАКТОРОМ СЕЙСМІЧНІ КОЛИВАННЯ)
Authors: Семашко Петро
Published: August 2022

Мета. Обґрунтування необхідної відстані від місця проведення вибухових робіт до житла. Об’єкт дослідження. Рівні віброшвидкості коливань ґрунту під житловими будинками. Методи досліджень. Аналіз нормативної літератури з проведення вибухових робіт та розрахунків очікуваних параметрів вібрації (віброшвидкість). Розрахунки очікуваної віброшвидкості коливань грунту та безпечної відстані до житла. Результати досліджень. Проведені розрахунки очікуваних значень віброшвидкості при різних відстанях від місця проведення вибухів в кар’єрах з видобутку граніту до найближчого житла. Висновки. Сейсмічні коливання ґрунту під житловими будинками, при проведенні вибухових робіт у кар’єрах з видобутку граніту, є пріоритетним фактором при визначенні розмірів санітарно-захисних зон (СЗЗ). З урахуванням цього, на наш погляд, бажано переглянути санітарні розриви, які були рекомендовані раніше при визначенні СЗЗ до подібних об’єктів.Відстань 500 м від місця проведення вибухових робіт у Новосинявському кар’єрі до найближчих житлових будинків, при загальній масі заряду у 10 000 кг, недостатня для забезпечення допустимого значення віброшвидкості коливань ґрунту під фундаментом житлових будинків с. Думенки. Для нормалізації ситуації потрібно корекція параметрів вибуху (зменшення загальної маси заряду….) або збільшення відстані.
ИНВЕСТИЦИОННЫЕ ВОЗМОЖНОСТИ В АГРАРНОМ СЕКТОРЕ АЗЕРБАЙДЖАНА
Authors: Алиева Махлуга
Published: August 2022

Стимулирование инвестиций в аграрный сектор оказывает решающее влияние не только на сельское хозяйство, но и на развитие экономики в целом. В аграрной политике Азербайджана, как и в аграрной политике развитых стран, повышение инвестиционной привлекательности является одним из приоритетов. Конечно, без инвестиций невозможно экономическое развитие. С этой точки зрения вопрос формирования механизма финансирования устойчивого развития сельского хозяйства остается актуальным.
SYNTHESIS OF A FUZZY INTELLIGENT CONTROL SYSTEM FOR A DYNAMIC OBJECT BASED ON FUZZY LOGIC
Authors: Mammadova Kifayat , Ahmedova Asmet
Published: August 2022

This article discusses the synthesis of a fuzzy dynamic object-driven intelligent control system using a fuzzy mathematical apparatus. If the exact description of the control object is rather complicated and there is no a priori information about the operation of the system, it is considered more important to apply fuzzy intelligent control systems to control objects. Unlike classical models, fuzzy models are more flexible and allow taking into account the experience and intuition of specialists in a particular field. The fuzzy model of control and diagnostics is more adequate to the simulated reality, and the correct solution is obtained due to the accuracy of the initial data. Operating principle A fuzzy model of a fuzzy intelligent control system based on a fuzzy logical statement of the type "If A..., then B" has been created.
GIS FOR THE ARMED FORCES OF UKRAINE. TWO COMPONENTS Of VICTORY
Authors: Kobzan Sergiy
Published: August 2022

The purpose of the article is to study the peculiarities of the use of GIS, which is used by the Armed Forces, namely by artillery. Interaction regarding the use of high-quality satellite communication and geographic information system was considered. The relevance of the article lies in the analysis of the use of geoinformation technologies for military purposes. GIS "ARTA" was studied, and its main advantages were determined. The problems that can be solved with the help of "ARTA" GIS are considered. Thanks to the use of GIS during military operations, it is possible to improve the accuracy and speed of artillery and missile systems. The practical application of a complex system, which includes GIS and a high-quality satellite communication system, will allow to significantly increase the effectiveness of the use of artillery in modern warfare.
Promising Resources for Bioenergy: Shrub Willows of Turkey
Authors: Acar Pelin , Gökok Ece
Published: August 2022

Salix L. species are economically excellent candidates for sustainable bioenergy production. Especially, shrubs of Salix L. are used in agroforestry for their characteristics of quick growth, wide distribution and resistance to disease and stress. The shrubs of subgenera Salix and Vetrix under Salix L. commonly found in riparian or wetland habitats of Turkey have great potential as bioenergy crops with high biomass yield. This review study will provide information to determine the potential of willows species native to Turkey for bioenergy and to contribute to energy production by using the biomass of fast-growing shrub willows as renewable energy resources. Firstly, botanical description, habitat, growth, traditional breeding efforts and genetic composition were summarized concerning about the bioenergy potential of willows from results of existing studies. Secondly, the titles, establishing willow plantations, biomass reducing the greenhouse gas emissions responsible for climate change and development of willow as bioenergy crop in worldwide and Turkey were reviewed. Lastly, the future of bioenergy potential estimation of willows was proposed to provide some instructions for bioenergy development in Turkey.
Impact of atmospheric transport on CO2 flux estimates derived from the atmospheric tracer inversions
Authors: Munassar Saqr , Monteil Guillaume , Scholze Marko , Karstens Ute , Rödenbeck Christian , Koch Frank-Thomas , Totsche Kai Uwe , Gerbig Christoph
Published: August 2022

Abstract. We present an analysis of atmospheric transport impact on estimating CO2 fluxes using two atmospheric inversion systems (CarboScope Regional (CSR) and LUMIA) over Europe for 2018. The main focus of this study is to quantify the dominant drivers of spread amid CO2 estimates derived from atmospheric tracer inversions. The Lagrangian transport models STILT and FLEXPART were used to assess the impact of mesoscale transport. The impact of lateral boundary conditions for CO2 was assessed by applying the global transport models TM3 and TM5. CO2 estimates calculated with an ensemble of eight inversions differing in the regional and global transport models, as well as the inversion systems show a relatively large spread for the annual domain wide flux ranging between -0.72 and 0.20 PgC yr-1 with a mean estimate of -0.29 PgC. The largest discrepancies resulted from varying the mesoscale transport model, which amounted to a difference of 0.51 (PgC yr-1), in comparison with 0.23 and 0.10 (PgC yr-1) that resulted from the far-field contributions and the inversion systems, respectively. Additionally, varying the mesoscale transport caused large discrepancies in spatial and temporal patterns, while changing the lateral boundary conditions lead to more homogeneous spatial and temporal impact. We further investigated the origin of the discrepancies between transport models. The meteorological forcing parameters (forecasts versus reanalysis obtained from ECMWF data products) used to drive the transport models are responsible for a small part of the differences in CO2 estimates, but the largest impact seems to come from the models themselves. Although a good convergence in the differences between the inversion systems was achieved by applying a strict protocol of using identical priors, and atmospheric datasets, there was a non-negligible impact arising from applying a different inversion system. Specifically, the choice of prior error structure accounted for a large part of system-to-system differences.
Assessing the climate and air quality effects of future aerosol mitigation in India using a global climate model combined with statistical downscaling
Authors: Miinalainen Tuuli , Kokkola Harri , Lipponen Antti , Hyvärinen Antti-Pekka , Soni Vijay Kumar , Lehtinen Kari E. J. , Kühn Thomas
Published: August 2022

Abstract. We studied the potential of using a global-scale climate model for analyzing simultaneously both city-level air quality and regional and global scale radiative forcing values for anthropogenic aerosols. As the city-level air pollution values are typically underestimated in global-scale models, we used a machine learning approach to downscale fine particulate (PM2.5) concentrations towards measured values. We first simulated the global climate with the aerosol-climate model ECHAM-HAMMOZ, and corrected the PM2.5 values for the Indian mega-city New Delhi. The downscaling procedure clearly improved the seasonal variation when compared to measured PM2.5 values. However, short-term variations showed less extreme values with the downscaling approach. We applied the downscaling model also to simulations where the aerosol emissions were following different future projections. The corrected PM2.5 concentrations for the year 2030 showed that mitigating anthropogenic aerosols improves local air quality in New Delhi, with organic carbon reductions contributing most to these improvements. In addition, aerosol emission mitigation also resulted in negative radiative forcing over most of India. This was mainly due to reductions in absorbing black carbon emissions. This indicates that aerosol mitigation could bring a double benefit in India: better air quality and decreased warming of the climate. Our results demonstrate that downscaling and bias correction allow more versatile utilization of global-scale climate models. With the help of downscaling, global climate models can be used in applications where one aims to analyze both global and regional effects of policies related to mitigating anthropogenic emissions.
Years of extraction determines CO2 and CH4 emissions from an actively extracted peatland in eastern Québec, Canada
Authors: Clark Laura M. , Strachan Ian B. , Strack Maria , Roulet Nigel T. , Knorr Klaus-Holger , Teickner Henning
Published: August 2022

Abstract. Draining and extracting peat alters a peatland’s control of CO2 and CH4 emissions. Carbon (C) emissions from peatlands undergoing extraction are not well constrained due to a lack of measurements. We determine the effect that production duration (years of extraction) has on the CO2 and CH4 emissions from an actively extracted peatland over three years of measurements (2018–2020). We studied five sectors identified by the year when extraction began (1987, 2007, 2010, 2013, 2016). Higher average CO2 and CH4 emissions were measured from the drainage ditches (CO2: 2.05 ± 0.12 g C m-2 d-1; CH4: 72.0 ± 18.0 mg C m-2 d-1) compared to the field surface (CO2: 0.9 ± 0.06 g C m-2 d-1; CH4: 9.2 ± 4.0 mg C m-2 d-1 regardless of sector. For peat fields, CO2 fluxes were highest in the youngest sector, which opened in 2016 (1.5 ± 0.2 g C m-2 d-1). The four older sectors all had similar mean CO2 fluxes (~0.65 g C m-2 d-1) that were statistically different from the mean 2016 CO2 flux. A spatial effect on CO2 fluxes was observed solely within the 2016 sector, where CO2 emissions were highest from the centre of the peat field and declined towards the drainage ditches. These observations occur due to operators' surface contouring to facilitate drainage. The domed shape and subsequent peat removal resulted in a difference in surface peat age hence different humification and lability. 14C dating confirmed that the remaining peat contained within the 2016 sector was younger than peat within the 2007 sector and that peat age is younger toward the centre of the field in both sectors. Humification indices derived from mid-infrared spectrometry (MIRS) (1630/1090 cm-1) indicated that peat humification increases with increasing years of extraction. Laboratory incubation experiments showed that CO2 production potentials of surface peat samples from the 2016 sector increased toward the centre of the field and were higher than for samples taken from the 1987 and 2007 sectors. Our results indicate that peatlands under extraction are a net source of C where emissions are high in the first few years after opening a field for extraction and then decline to about half the initial value and remain at this level for several decades, and the ditches remain a 2 to 3 times greater source than the fields, but represent < 7 % of the total area of a field.
Stable isotope (δ18O, δ2H) signature of river runoff, groundwater and precipitation in three river basins in the center of East European Plain
Authors: Chizhova Julia , Kireeva Maria , Rets Ekaterina , Ekaykin Alexey , Kozachek Anna , Veres Arina , Zolina Olga , Varentsova Natalia , Gorbarenko Artem , Povalyaev Nikita , Plotnikova Valentina , Samsonov Timofey , Kharlamov Maxim
Published: August 2022

Abstract. Empirical study of the isotopic features of river runoff were carried out at three hydrological posts in 3 different river basins: the Zakza river in the center of East European Plane (southwest of the Moscow), the Dubna river (north of the Moscow) and the Sosna river in the south of central region. Samples of river water, groundwater and precipitation for the October 2019–October 2021 were collected at weekly intervals. A significant supply of melted snow during spring freshet is the key factor influencing water regimes for these three river basins; varying degrees of anthropogenic flow regulation are also present. During the observation period, there were fundamentally two completely different conditions in terms of runoff formation. First, October 2019–October 2020, there was abnormal low spring freshet instead there was high rain flood in summer. In October 2020–October 2021 there was a normal intra-annual flow pattern with high spring freshet. The new data of stable isotope signature of river runoff component can help to study the response of a river runoff to changing climate conditions.
Harmonized soil database of Ecuador (HESD): data from 2009 to 2015
Authors: Armas Daphne , Guevara Mario , Bezares Fernando , Vargas Rodrigo , Durante Pilar , Osorio Victor , Jiménez Wilmer , Oyonarte Cecilio
Published: August 2022

Abstract. One of the largest challenges with soil information around the world is how to harmonize archived soil data from different sources and how make it usable to extract knowledge. In Ecuador there have been two major projects that provided soil information, whose methodology, although comparable, did not coincide, especially regarding the structure of how information was reported. Here, we present a new soil database for Ecuador, comprising 13 542 soil profiles with over 51 713 measured soil horizons, including 92 different edaphic variables. Original data was in a non-editable format (i.e., PDF) making it difficult to access and process the information. Our study provides an integrated framework combining multiple data analytic tools for the automatic conversion of legacy soil information from analog format to usable digital soil mapping inputs across Ecuador. This framework allowed to incorporate quantitative information of a broad set of soil properties and retrieve qualitative information on soil morphological properties collected in the profile description phase, which is rarely included in soil databases. A new harmonized national database was generated using specific methodology to rescue relevant information. National representativeness of soil information has been enhanced compared to other international databases, and this new database contributes to filling the gaps of publicly available soil information across the country. The database is freely available to registered users at https://doi.org/doi:10.6073/pasta/1560e803953c839e7aedef78ff7d3f6c (Armas, et al., 2022).
Barotropic Tides in MPAS-Ocean: Impact of Ice Shelf Cavities
Authors: Pal Nairita , Barton Kristin Nicole , Petersen Mark Roger , Brus Steven Richard , Engwirda Darren , Arbic Brian K. , Roberts Andrew Frank , Westerink Joannes J. , Wiraset Damrongsak
Published: August 2022

Abstract. Oceanic tides are seldom represented in Earth System Models (ESMs) owing to the need for high horizontal resolution to accurately represent the associated barotropic waves close to coasts. This paper presents results of tides implemented in the Model for Prediction Across Scales–Ocean or MPAS-Ocean, which is the ocean component within the US Department of Energy developed Energy Exascale Earth System Model (E3SM). MPAS-Ocean circumvents the limitation of low resolution using unstructured global meshing. We are at this stage simulating the largest semidiurnal (M2, S2, N2) and diurnal (K1, O1) tidal constituents in a single layer version of MPAS-O. First, we show that the tidal constituents calculated using MPAS-Ocean closely agree with TPXO8 results when suitably tuned topographic wave drag and bottom drag coefficients are employed. Thereafter, we present the sensitivity of global tidal evolution due to the presence of Antarctic ice shelf cavities. The effect of ice shelves on the amplitude and phase of tidal constituents are presented. Lower values of complex errors (with respect to TPX08 results) for the M2 tidal constituents are observed when ice shelf is added in the simulations, with particularly strong improvement in the Southern Ocean. Our work points towards future research with varying Antarctic ice shelf geometries and sea ice coupling that might lead to better comparison and prediction of tides, and thus better prediction of sea-level rise and also the future climate variability.
Hubungan Motivasi Kerja dengan Kepuasan Kerja Perawat di Rumah Sakit Santa Elisabeth Medan Tahun 2022
Authors: Sigalingging Vina Yolanda Sari , Simanjorang Ruth Juliyanti , Rupang Ernita Rante , Barus Mardiati
Published: August 2022

Latar Belakang : Rumah sakit mengalami berbagai masalah yang berhubungan dengan tenaga keperawatan dan pelayanan keperawatan. Salah satu masalah tenaga keperawatan adalah rendahnya kepuasan kerja perawat. Rendahnya tingkat ketidakpuasan perawat dilihat dari tingkat ketidakhadiran yang tinggi. Kepuasan kerja dipengaruhi oleh beberapa faktor, salah satunya adalah faktor motivasi. Kepuasan kerja dan motivasi kerja inilah yang dapat mempengaruhi kinerja karyawannya ke tingkat keberhasilan dalam melaksanakan tugasnya serta mengarahkan kemampuannya mencapai tujuan yang diinginkannya.

Tujuan : Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui Hubungan Motivasi Kerja Dengan Kepuasan Kerja Perawat Di Rumah Sakit Santa Elisabeth Medan Tahun 2022.P

Metode : Penelitian ini menggunakan desain Cross Sectional. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan teknik Cluster Sampling, jumlah sampel 57 responden. Alat ukur yang digunakan berupa kuesioner. Analisa stastistik menggunakan uji Chi Square.

Hasil : Hasil penelitian yang diperoleh dari Hubungan Motivasi Kerja Dengan Kepuasan Kerja Perawat Di Rumah Sakit Santa Elisabeth Medan Tahun 2022 mayoritas perawat yang memiliki motivasi kerja rendah sebanyak 30 responden (52,6%) dan perawat yang memiliki kepuasan kerja rendah sebanyak 32 responden (56,1%). Hasil uji statistik menunjukkan bahwa ada hubungan yang signifikan antara Motivasi Kerja dengan Kepuasan Kerja Perawat di Rumah Sakit Santa Elisabeth Medan Tahun 2022 (p-value= 0,026).

Kesimpulan : Diharapkan perawat dapat meningkatkan motivasi kerja dalam memberikan pelayanan kesehatan kepada pasien. Semakin tinggi motivasi kerja perawat dalam memberikan pelayanan keperawatan maka semakin tinggi pula kepuasan kerja perawat dalam bekerja.
INHERITANCE OF A DAUGHTER: AN ANALYSIS BASED ON ISLAM AND LAWS PREVALENT IN PAKISTAN
Authors: Abida Yaseen, Ali Shouzab, Taimoor Raza Sultan
Published: August 2022

Islam is one of the first religions of the human history to emphasize Women rights of inheritance. With the more development, research and codification of laws under Muslim schools, there arise several deviations in contemporary theories, practices and state laws being in force. Under qualitative legal research methodology, this paper tends to examine concept of daughter’s share of paternal inheritance; firstly, under the theoretical dimensions with contrasts in contemporary Muslim Jurisprudence and secondly, under the prevalent legal paradigms in Pakistan. This paper also aims at testing the relevant state laws in force, exploring the problems and suggesting pragmatic solutions and recommendations for fair implementation and execution of Woman inheritance in Pakistan.
The Efforts of Catholic Religious Education Teachers in Developing Student Tolerance at SMP Negeri 2 Air Putih
Authors: Fajariyanto Tri Chandra , Tinambunan Alisia Ainofani
Published: August 2022

This study aims to analyze the efforts of catholic religious education teachers in developing student tolerance at SMP Negeri 2 Air Putih. The informants selected to achieve the research objectives amounted to 13 people who were determined by purposive sampling. The methods used to collect data from informants are interviews, observation, and documentation. The data that has been collected was analyzed with the stages of data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The validity of the results of the analyzed data will be checked for correctness by using triangulation techniques, both sources and techniques. Based on the results of the study, it shows that catholic religious teachers have tried to develop student tolerance, starting by giving good examples in verbal language, social activities to habituation of self-discipline. Furthermore, the teacher builds the attention of students in the learning process by implementing interesting methods. Finally, students have implemented various forms of tolerance such as respecting the freedom and independence of others, recognizing the rights of everyone and respecting other people with different beliefs. Based on the results of the research, researchers suggest that every teacher continues to carry out a program of student tolerance development activities in schools so that students have tolerance to maintain the integrity of society, nation and state.

Keywords: Catholic Religious Education, Teacher, Student, Tolerance
Analyzing Hereditary 5-HT Abnormalities in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)
Authors: Suppathavevut Phantira , Pholphuet Preedaporn
Published: August 2022

Serotonin (5-HT) is one of the most essential and complicated neurotransmitters in humans, being an underlying cause of several neuropsychiatric disorders. Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) is one of the disorders that is proved to be strongly correlated with 5-HT. This review focuses on how genetics of 5-HT influences the manifestation of OCD and suggests that further study needs to be done in order to find the genuine genetic cause of the disease and approach better treatments in the future. Smaller units, such as single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), can bring an enormous change to the expression of gene and unveil the paradox of the findings from the past decades. Therefore, the unexplainable variety of findings might be answered if it is studied more thoroughly and utilizes new advanced technology.

Keywords: Behavioral and social sciences; Neuroscience; Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder; Serotonin; Polymorphism
P PENGARUH NILAI WAKTU TINGGAL (WT) PADA ALAT SEPARATOR TIPE VERTIKAL DUA FASA PADA INDUSTRI MINYAK DAN GAS
Authors: Setiorini Indah Agus , Agusdin Agusdin , Pratama Satria Arif , Yudhianto Achid
Published: August 2022

Separator merupakan salah satu vessel yang didalamnya dilengkapi beberapa peralatan penunjang guna memisahkan campuran fluida yang tidak saling melarutkan. Salah satu yang mempengaruhi alat pemisah ini adalah resident time (RT). Resident Time merupakan salah satu faktor yang berpengaruh dalam proses pemisahan pada alat separator. Resident Time adalah perbandingan volume liquid dengan laju alir liquid dari feed separator dengan prinsip pemisahan berdasarkan perbedaan densitas dengan metode gravity separation. Resident time (RT) didapatkan dengan menghitung laju alir fluida, Volume Holdup, Volume Surge, Diameter, Luas Penampang, Low Liquid Level Height, Low Liquid Level Area, panjang minimum untuk menampung liquid, panjang minimum yang diperlukan dalam pemisahan Crude Oil dan air hingga menghitung volume pada pemisahan Crude Oil dan air. Dari hasil perhitungan diperoleh nilai resident time (RT)  sesuai dengan spesifikasi design Separator V-01 tipe vertikal dua fasa di KSO-PEP Bass Oil Sukananti Limited yaitu sebesar 8,48 min sehingga dengan waktu tinggal yang didapatkan alat tersebut dinyatakan efektif dalam proses pemisahan dan peralatan tersebut hanya perlu dilakukan maintance rutin sesuai jadwal yang telah ditentukan.
Modification of Cellulose Acetate Membranes by Unipolar Corona Discharge for Separation of Oil-Water Emulsion
Authors:   Kazan National Research Technological University, Russian Federation, Nabiev R.R. , Dryakhlov V.O. ,   Kazan National Research Technological University, Russian Federation, Shaikhiev I.G. ,   Kazan National Research Technological University, Russian Federation, Galikhanov M.F. ,   Kazan National Research Technological University, Russian Federation, Nizameev I.R. ,   Tupolev Kazan National Research Technical University, Russian Federation
Published: August 2022

The separation of water-oil emulsion with cellulose membranes modified with a unipolar corona discharge at voltage of 5–25 kV and time of 1–5 min was investigated. The results of the X-ray diffraction analysis and of the electrostatic field parameters measurements showed a decrease in crystallinity from 0.29 to 0.27 and the formation of positive charges on the surface of the sample, while the formation of a double electric layer according to dielectric spectrometry data was not detected. During the separation of the model water-oil emulsions, an increase in efficiency was revealed as 80% to 98% and the separation productivity from 15 dm³/(m²·h) to 35 dm³/(m²·h) after treatment in the field of a unipolar corona discharge of cellulose acetate membranes, which is explained by a change in the supramolecular and chemical structure of the latter.
The Influence of Customer Trust and Value on Customer Loyalty Small and Medium Business (Smes) PT Bank Rakyat Indonesia Branch Office Cilegon
Authors: Hamdan Hamdan
Published: August 2022

Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) Customer Loyalty can be created through customer trust and value. In this study, specifically discusses the loyalty of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) customers at PT. Bank Rakyat Indonesia Cilegon Branch Office. This study aims to determine the effect of two independent variables, namely the trust variable and customer value on the dependent variable, namely the loyalty variable of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs). The method of data collection in this study is to use a questionnaire, observation and documentation. The number of samples in this study was 1 00 respondents. Then an analysis was carried out on the data that had been obtained using the quantitative analysis method. The results of the study show that trust has a positive influence on the loyalty of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) customers and customer value also has a positive influence on the loyalty of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs). positive on the loyalty of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) customers of PT Bank Rakyat Indonesia Cilegon Branch Office
The Relationship between Buddhist education in Sriwijaya and Buddhist education in India
Authors: Wicahyah Diah , Asyari Alvian Kisna , Irwanto Dedi , Susanti LR Retno
Published: August 2022

Development Buddhist education on the island of Sumatra, specifically in the Srivijaya Kingdom, began in the seventh century. At the time, there was a city big a Chinese Buddhist monk I'Tsing who came see that Buddhism was very developed in life Public Srivijaya as well as he said many activity students who come to Srivijaya for study. The purpose of writing this is to have a deeper understanding of the entwined relationship between the Srivijaya Kingdom and India, particularly in the sphere of education. This article will not only analyze the relationship between education and Buddhism in South Sumatra, but will also describe Buddhist education, the relationship that exists between Kingdom Srivijaya and other countries in numerous fields, and provide proofactual links of cooperation in the sphere of Buddhist education that were previously connected The introduction of Hindu-Buddhist culture to Indonesia had a significant impact, such as the beginning of the development of religion and culture imported from India. This method of research is used in article writing to gather knowledge and resources in the form of articles, journals, books, and ebooks. As a result of the research, more detailed information about the entry and development of Buddhism in South Sumatra, as well as the types of relationships and physical evidence, is available.
A Narrative Inquiry into an ESL Teacher’s Professional Development: Problems and Recommendations
Authors: Wei Liping , Chen Youna
Published: August 2022

Using narrative inquiry, this study investigates an ESL teacher’s experience of professional development, her perspectives of its effectiveness, the challenges encountered, and the changes in teacher knowledge and teaching practices. The focus is on how the teacher participant perceives the problems in professional development and how professional development can best address teachers’ needs in educating ELLs. The problems found to impede teachers from gaining the most from professional development include: (a) failure to tailor to the specific needs of ESL students; (b) neglect of the psychological and emotional well-being of ESL students; (c) lack of empathy for ESL students, (d) lack of content-specific ELL teacher professional development; and (e) professional development not well-attended. Accordingly, recommendations are put forward to render ESL teacher professional development more effective. It is anticipated that this study will provide important insights into how to construct positive professional development that benefits teachers and ESL students to the largest possible degree.
A Review on the Concept of “Robot” as a Legal Term: as an Improvement plan of ｢Intelligent Robots Development and Distribution Promotion Act｣
Authors:   Institute of Legal Myungji Uiversity, Kim Ju Young
Published: August 2022

As the importance of the role of the state in the development of modern science and technology does not require additional discussion, so the development of our country's robot industry will ask for continuous review to see whether the current robot industry promotion legislation has sufficient content for robot industry promotion or it can be improved. Such review work is also an essential part for the realization of the principle of the rule of law that state intervention should always be carried out under the support of appropriate laws.
For the effective conceptual regulation of “robot”, the target of policy, should be preceded to secure industrial competitiveness related to robot technology and promote policies for continuous development of robot industry, the study examines the appropriateness of the definition of “intelligent robot” of the current 「Intelligent Robots Development and Distribution Promotion Act」 - “The term "intelligent robot" means a mechanical device(including software required for operating the mechanical device) that perceives the external environment for itself, discerns circumstances, and moves voluntarily”(Article 2, 1.) - from the point of view of the analysis of systemicity(; Systematik) and understandability(Verständlichkeit) among the examination creteria of the legislative evaluation(Gesetzesevaluation).
In conclusion, the concept of “intelligent robot” in the current law does not mean much in the legal system and it is not easy to understand either. And there is also a risk of unnecessarily reducing the applicable scope of the law in practice. So there is a need of deleting the modifier “intelligent” and it is proposed to use a semi-exemplary definition of an exemplary arrangement of targets for the robot industry promotion and support policy based on the concept of “robot” from a more technical point of view,
Wspomnienie o profesorze Leszku Klanku (1949–2021)
Authors: Czarnecki Adam
Published: August 2022

Wspomnienie o profesorze Leszku Klanku (1949–2021).
Rezension von: Reuchlin, Johannes, Briefwechsel 1514-1517
Authors: Setzler Wilfried , Reuchlin Johannes
Published: August 2022

Georg Burkard: Johannes Reuchlin Briefwechsel. Leseausgabe in deutscher Übersetzung. Band 3. 1514 – 1517. fromannholzboog Stuttgart 2007. 267 Seiten. Broschiert € 28,–. ISBN 978-3-7728-2017-5
Rezension von: Lessing, Hans-Erhard, Robert Bosch
Authors: Faltin Thomas , Lessing Hans-Erhard
Published: August 2022

Hans-Erhard Lessing: Robert Bosch. (rororo-Monographie) Verlag Rowolth Taschenbuch Reinbek bei Hamburg 2007. 160 Seiten mit zahlreichen Abbildungen. Broschiert € 8,50. ISBN 3-499-50594-0
Adhesión y denuncia de tratados internacionales de derechos humanos en la nueva constitución chilena
Authors: Neumann Hernández Romina Francisca
Published: August 2022

Este trabajo pretende exponer la regulación actual sobre adhesión y denuncia de tratados internacionales de derechos humanos. Se hace una exposición sobre lo que establece, en este sentido, tanto el Derecho Internacional como el Derecho Interno chileno, mencionando las normas atingentes en la Convención de Viena sobre Derecho de Tratados y la Constitución Política de la República de Chile de 1980, respectivamente. Finalmente, se hace una propuesta de contenido para la Convención Constitucional que elaborará la nueva constitución chilena durante los años 2021 y 2022.
Features of Contemporary Poems of Modern Hindi Literature Published in Jansatta
Authors: Ishtwal Narendra , Sharma Rahul
Published: August 2022

The "Teesra Saptak" was published in 1959, till this period is considered to be the period of new poetry. In the post-1960 period, there was an individualist-modernist poetic line of new poetry, which developed more rapidly. Although the poets who emerged in this period wrote differently from their earlier poetic lines. But the poetry of the first decade after sixties, which is also named as Sathotari poetry, expresses itself with many names and movements. With various names like Akvita, Rebel poetry, beat poetry, Sanatan and Suryoori poetry, Yutsawadi poetry, Nutan poetry, Sahaj poetry, Vichar poetry, etc., young poets were emerging with a new attitude and new attitude in the seventies, but none of these names and the movement could not acquire lasting importance in the Hindi poetic tradition. All these poetry movements proved to be momentary. The new poetic movements that were emerging with different names and declarations, in spite of all claims of differences, represented the same poetic vision and thought. In the absence of the accepted trend name, we would also call this youth poem of the seventies a sixties poem.

In the year 1967-68, there were some important changes in the Indian conditions, which also had an effect on Hindi poetry and the poet gradually started getting free from the individualism, negation, defeatism etc This period of Hindi poetry is very important, although after 75 there were some important changes in the tone of this poem. The evolution of contemporary poetry has been like this.

Abstract in Hindi Language:

“तीसरा सप्तक” का प्रकाशन 1959 में हुआ था, इस अवधि तक नयी कविता का काल माना जाता है। सन् 1960 के बाद के दौर में नयी कविता की व्यक्तिवादी-आधुनिकतावादी काव्यधारा रही जो कि अधिक तीव्र्रता के साथ विकसित हुई। यद्यपि इस दौर में उभरे कवियों ने अपने की पूर्व की काव्यधाराओं से अलग लिखा था। लेकिन साठ के बाद के पहले दशक की कविता जिसे साठोत्तरी कविता नाम भी दिया गया है, अपने को कई नामों और आंदोलनों से व्यक्त करती है। अकविता, विद्रोही कविता, बीट कविता, सनातन एवं सूर्योदयी कविता, युयुत्सावादी कविता, नूतन कविता, सहज कविता, विचार कविता आदि विभिन्न नामों के साथ सातवें दशक में युवा कवि नये तेवर और नयी भंगिमा के साथ उभर रहे थे परन्तु इनमें से एक भी नाम और आंदोलन हिंदी काव्य परंपरा में स्थायी महत्व प्राप्त नहीं कर सका। ये सभी काव्यांदोलन क्षणजीवी प्रमाणित हुए। अलग-अलग नामों और घोषणाओं के साथ जो नये काव्यांदोलन उभर रहे थे, वे सारी भिन्नताओं के दावों के बावजूद एक सी काव्य दृष्टि और विचार दृष्टिका प्रतिनिधित्व कर रहे थे। सर्वस्वीकृत प्रवृत्तिगत नाम के अभाव में हम भी सातवें दशक की इस युवा कविता को साठोत्तरी कविता कहेंगे।

 सन् 1967-68 में भारतीय परिस्थितियों में कुछ महत्वपूर्ण परिवर्तन हुए जिनका प्रभाव हिंदी कविता पर भी पड़ा और साठोत्तरी कविता की व्यक्तिवादिता, निषेधता, पराजय-भाववाद आदि से कवि धीरे-धीरे मुक्त होने लगा और उसके बदले एक नयी आशा और उत्साह का उदय हुआ। हिंदी कविता का यह दौर अत्यंत महत्वपूर्ण है यद्यपि 75 के बाद इस कविता के तेवर में कुछ महत्वपूर्ण परिवर्तन आए। समकालीन कविता का इस प्रकार विकास क्रम रहा है।

Keywords: व्यक्तिवादिता, निषेधता, कविता, सर्वस्वीकृत
Concept of Sarvodaya: Gandhian Paradigm
Authors: Soni Jitendra Kumar
Published: August 2022

The great idea of ​​Sarvodaya was in Gandhi's mind from the very beginning, which was flourishing in sync with ancient Indian philosophies like Buddha and Jain philosophy and scriptures in which Gita was main etc., but he was engaged in further refine this idea. Through this concept, Gandhi seeks the welfare of all individuals without any discrimination. It is based on the idea that the welfare of every individual can happen only when there is welfare of the entire members of the society.

Today, when the world is sitting on a pile of atoms, which can blow up at any time with a bang. The ongoing Russo-Ukraine war is an example of this. In such a situation, this concept is a ray of hope, which nurtures truth, non-violence and love for the whole world, in which everyone can be well-being. It talks about duties rather than rights. Due to which all conflicts automatically come to an end. In fact, it teaches individuals a new way of living which is free from violence and injustice.

Therefore, the purpose of the present research paper is to present the context that all the problems prevailing at present, whether it is political, social or economic, can be solved by this idea. The true democracy that the present world is looking for can be possible only from Sarvodaya Samaj which will be classless, exploitation free and discrimination free society.

Abstract in Hindi Language: 

सर्वोदय का महान् विचार गांधी के मन में प्रारंभ से ही था, जो कि प्राचीन भारतीय दर्षन जैसे बुद्व और जैन दर्शन तथा धर्मग्रन्थों जिनमें गीता मुख्य थी आदि का समन्वय करते हुए पनप रहा था, किन्तु इस विचार को वे अधिक परिष्कृत करने में लगे हुये थे। इस अवधारणा के माध्यम से गांधी सभी व्यक्तियों का बिना किसी भेदभाव के कल्याण चाहते है। यह इस विचार को लेकर चलती है कि प्रत्येक व्यक्ति का भला तब ही हो सकता है जबकि समाज के सम्पूर्ण सदस्यों का कल्याण हो।

आज जब विष्व परमाणु के ढ़ेर पर बैठा है जो कभी भी एक धमाके के साथ उड़ सकता है। वर्तमान में चल रहा रूस-यूके्रन युद्व़ इसका उदारण है। ऐसे में यह अवधारणा आशा की किरण है जो सम्पूर्ण विष्व के लिए सत्य, अहिंसा और प्रेम को पोषित करती है, जिसमें प्रत्येक व्यक्ति का कल्याण हो सके। यह अधिकारों की बात न करके कर्तव्यों की बात करती है। जिससे समस्त संघर्षों का अन्त स्वतः ही हो जाता है। वस्तुतः यह व्यक्तियों को जीने की एक नयी पद्वति सिखाती है जो कि हिंसा व अन्याय से मुक्त है।

अतः प्रस्तुत शोध पत्र का उद्वेश्य यही संदर्भ प्रस्तुत करना है कि वर्तमान में व्याप्त सभी समस्याओं चाहे वह राजनीतिक, सामाजिक या आर्थिक हो, का समाधान इस विचार द्वारा किया जा सकता है। वर्तमान विश्व जिस सच्चे लोकतंत्र की तलाश में है, वह सर्वोदय समाज से ही संभव हो सकता है जो वर्गविहीन, शोषणहीन और भेदभावविहीन समाज होगा।

Keywords: अवधारणात्मक विवेचना, सर्वोदय धारणा के आयाम, गांधी परिप्रेक्ष्य, प्रजातंत्र, नागरिक अधिकार, गांधीय द्वष्टि,  सर्वोदय में स्त्री विमर्श
Farmer and laborer references in Premchand's stories
Authors: Jat Sunita
Published: August 2022

Premchand's novels Godan and Rangbhoomi related to farmers and laborers are such works, which if called the epic story of laborers, farmers and Dalit victims and women victims, then it will not be an exaggeration because India being an agricultural country, farmers and laborers are the foundation of Indian culture. The stories of Premchand's Poos Ki Raat, Sava Seer Wheat, Muktimarg, Algyozha, Demolition etc. are mainly focused on the life of the farmer. The full depiction of rural life that we get in Premchand's literature is rare elsewhere, in his fiction, in spite of the predominance of the mainstream farmers of the society at that time, the Dalits, farm-labourers, Bhabbuje, living in the margins of rural life, Poor-farmers, shepherds, kanjars, tailors, etc. all came under his gaze with their heat and sorrow. Such marginalized characters are seen in their stories.

Abstract in Hindi Language: 

प्रेमचन्द के किसान व मजदूरों से संबंधित उनके उपन्यास गोदान और रंगभूमि ऐसी रचनाएँ है जिनको मजदूर, किसान और दलित पीडित व महिला पीडित की महागाथा कहा जाये तो अतिशयोक्ति न होगी क्योकि भारत एक कृषि प्रधान देश होने के कारण किसान व मजदूर भारतीय संस्कृति का मूलाधार है। प्रेमचन्द की पूस की रात, सवा सेर गेहूँ, मुक्तिमार्ग, अलग्योझा, विध्वंस आदि कहानियाँ मुख्य रूप से किसान जीवन पर केन्द्रित है। ग्रामीण जीवन का जितना भरा पूरा चित्रण हमे प्रेमचन्द के साहित्य में मिलता है वह अन्यत्र विरल है इन्होने अपने कथा साहित्य में तात्कालीन समय में समाज के मुख्यधारा के किसनों की प्रधानता के बावजूद ग्रामीण जीवन के हाशिए में जी रहे दलित, खेत-मजदूर, भड़भूजे, गरीब-किसान, घसियारे, कंजड़, दर्जी आदि सब उनकी निगाह के दायरे में अपने ताप-त्रास के साथ आये। इनकी कहानियों में ऐसे ही हाशिए के विभिन्न चरित्र देखने को मिलते है।

Keywords: ग्रामीण जीवन, मजदूर, किसान, पिछडे वर्ग
DIVERSIDAD INSTITUCIONAL Y AGREGACIÓN DE VALOR EN LA CADENA PRODUCTIVA DEL BAMBÚ
Authors: Castillo Ortiz María Isabel
Published: August 2022

Las actividades y las relaciones que se generan entre los actores de las cadenas productivas agrícolas evidencian disparidad de condiciones en cuanto a acceso a recursos, alcance de participación y poder de decisión. La teoría de la Diversidad Institucional propuesta por Elinor Ostrom (2005) permite realizar un estudio dirigido a identificar y a plantear soluciones a los puntos críticos en la agregación de valor en las cadenas agro-productivas. En el Ecuador se han desarrollado proyectos destinados a fortalecer la cadena del bambú, los cuales incluyen en sus objetivos la agregación de valor a través de la vinculación de comunidades productoras en el proceso de ejecución. El objetivo principal de este trabajo es analizar bajo el enfoque de la Diversidad institucional, la agregación de valor en la cadena productiva del bambú considerando la diversidad de actores y las acciones cooperativas delineadas por proyectos público-privados para el desarrollo de esta cadena. Se realizó un análisis de la información siguiendo una metodología de tipo descriptiva-inductiva con una incursión en el diseño de la investigación-acción. Se concluye que la agregación de valor en la cadena productiva del bambú requiere de estrategias que consideren: 1) la diversidad institucional y de actores diversos; 2) las atribuciones concedidas a estos en base a su rol y alcance de participación y 3) la gestión de acciones cooperativas para lograr objetivos como la identificación cultural y económica de las comunidades con el bambú, y el acceso equitativo a este recurso para un uso y usufructo sostenible y sustentable.
EMPRENDER VS EMPRENDER ¿SON LOS EMPRENDIMIENTOS UNA OPORTUNIDAD DE ÉXITO O UNA SALIDA DE LA PRECARIEDAD?
Authors: Freire Villamar Joyce , González Flores Kevin , Morán Chiquito Diana
Published: August 2022

En este trabajo se analiza la situación de los emprendimientos en el Ecuador en el periodo 2015 al 2017. La información estadística proviene de la Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) para los años analizados. Con estos indicadores se realizó una identificación, descripción y análisis sobre la evolución de los perfiles socioeconómicos, actitudes y aptitudes del emprendedor ecuatoriano. Los resultados evidencian que en el Ecuador los emprendimientos por oportunidad prevalecen sobre los emprendimientos por necesidad, sin embargo, esta diferencia es poco pronunciada, a diferencia de lo que ocurre con otros países de la región, y tiende a variar con el transcurso de los años. Además, el Ecuador sigue liderando las cifras sobre el emprendimiento en Latinoamérica, sin embargo, las motivaciones para emprender están altamente asociadas con la carencia de empleos formales y la precariedad de ingresos. En este sentido resulta imperativo focalizar los esfuerzos para que los emprendimientos surjan del aprovechamiento de favorables condiciones institucionales, y que no se constituyan como una salida extrema al fenómeno del desempleo.
Biografi dan Pemikiran Dakwah Anregurutta K. H. Abdurrahman Ambo Dalle
Authors: Saraka Muh. Yahya
Published: August 2022

This study aims to see and explore the biography, thoughts, and social, political, and religious conditions of Anregurutta K. H. Abdurrahman Ambo Dalle, who is a charismatic cleric from South Sulawesi. He lived in three generations or ages; First during the Dutch occupation; Second, the Japanese occupation; Finally, the early days of Indonesian independence. This study uses a qualitative approach, with the Biography method, which is to describe and describe the life history, thoughts, and socio-political conditions of Anregurutta. The data collection technique used in this research is reference and library search, which is the activity of collecting materials related to research from books, scientific journals, literature and other publications that are worthy of being used as sources for research to be carried out. carefully the author, by describing and describing the data is through several expert opinions. The author found that Anregurutta K. H. Abdurrahman Ambo Dalle was one of the propagators of Islam and the second generation of ulama after three Datuks from Miangkabau came to spread Islam in South Sulawesi. His thoughts use a cultural da'wah approach that adapts to the conditions of Bugis customs and culture, so that it is easily accepted by the community.