bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A facile biomass based approach towards hierarchically porous nitrogen-doped carbon aerogels
Authors: Liu Ruili , Xi Xin , Xing Xia , Wu Dongqing
Published: September 2016

Nitrogen-doped carbon aerogels with hierarchically porous architectures (NHCAs) are prepared via the hydrothermal treatment of cantaloupe and the following activation with potassium hydroxide.
A split G-quadruplex DNAzyme based magnetic graphene oxide platform for sensitive authentication of Pseudostellaria heterophylla
Authors: Zheng Z. Z. , Hu J.
Published: September 2016

Based on the different affinities of graphene oxide (GO) toward ssDNA and dsDNA, a sensitive fluorescence assay utilizing a split G-rich probe and magnetic GO (Fe3O4/GO) was developed for authentication of Pseudostellaria heterophylla based on the ITS sequences.
Aggregation induced emission controlled by a temperature-sensitive organic–inorganic hybrid polymer with a particular LCST
Authors: Li Mengmeng , Song Xiaoyan , Zhang Tingbin , Zeng Lintao , Xing Jinfeng
Published: September 2016

The fluorescence intensity change of TPE encapsulated in POSS–PNIPAM with a particular LCST (37.5 °C) with the temperature change.
Ecofriendly fabrication of ultrathin colorful fibers via UV-assisted solventless electrospinning
Authors: Wang Le , He Hong-Wei , Yan Xu , Yu Gui-Feng , Jia Xian-Sheng , Li Jin-Tao , Xia Lin-Hua , Ning Xin , Long Yun-Ze
Published: September 2016

A new technique to fabricate ultrathin colorful fibers has been developed via ultraviolet (UV)-assisted solventless electrospinning.
Investigation into the physical stability of a eugenol nanoemulsion in the presence of a high content of triglyceride
Authors: Chen Huanle , Jin Xing , Li Yan , Tian Jing
Published: September 2016

Schematic stability mechanism of a eugenol emulsion in the presence of a high triglyceride content.
Acridine derivative as a “turn on” probe for selective detection of picric acid via PET deterrence
Authors: Chemate Santosh , Erande Yogesh , Mohbiya Dhanraj , Sekar Nagaiyan
Published: September 2016

A new acridine based photoinduced electron transfer based fluorescent chemosensor for the detection of nitroaromatic compounds is reported. The probe exhibited high selectivity and sensitivity for the detection of picric acid over trivial explosive in CH3OH.
Spiro-condensation of 5-methoxycarbonyl-1H-pyrrole-2,3-diones with cyclic enoles to form spiro substituted furo[3,2-c]-coumarins and quinolines
Authors: Dubovtsev Alexey Yu. , Silaichev Pavel S. , Nazarov Mikhail A. , Dmitriev Maksim V. , Maslivets Andrey N. , Rubin Michael
Published: September 2016

Highly efficient spiro-cyclization enabling cyclic enoles to act as 1,3-bis-nucleophiles in reaction with pyrrole-2,3-diones acting as 1,2-bis-electrophiles was developed.
Wood-derived biochar supported polypyrrole nanoparticles as a free-standing supercapacitor electrode
Authors: Wan Caichao , Li Jian
Published: September 2016

Paulowniawood processing residues were adopted as both a template and precursor for the synthesis of a wood-derived biochar/polypyrrole composite, serving as a free-standing and binder-free supercapacitor electrode.
A comparative study of doping effects of V and Cr on a SrAlSi superconductor
Authors: Lin Zhiping , Shen Shijie , Li Kunkun , Zhang Han , Yuan Duanduan , Jin Shifeng , Guo Liwei
Published: September 2016

In SrAlSi superconductor, doping V leads to the considerable carrier concentration reduction and the quenching of superconductivity. In contrast, doping Cr almost does not change the carrier concentration, with a minor change in Tonsetc of 0.6 K.
Anatase Mg0.05Ta0.95O1.15N0.85: a novel photocatalyst for solar hydrogen production
Authors: Gao Honglin , Zhao Meiming , Yan Shicheng , Zhou Peng , Li Zeyan , Zou Zhigang , Liu Qingju
Published: September 2016

Anatase Mg0.05Ta0.95O1.15N0.85, exhibiting a narrow band gap for solar hydrogen, is a promising visible-light-response photocatalyst for photocatalytic or photoelectrochemical water splitting.
Self-supported tungsten/tungsten dioxide nanowires array as an efficient electrocatalyst in the hydrogen evolution reaction
Authors: Zhao Yaoxing , Lv Cuncai , Huang Qingli , Huang Zhipeng , Zhang Chi
Published: September 2016

A tungsten/tungsten dioxide nanowires array was constructed on a carbon paper through the thermal annealing of tungsten trioxide, and was proven to be an efficient hydrogen evolution cathode with strong durability in acidic solutions.
Polyimide composites composed of covalently bonded BaTiO3@GO hybrids with high dielectric constant and low dielectric loss
Authors: Liu Leipeng , Zhang Yihe , Lv Fengzhu , Tong Wangshu , Ding Ling , Chu Paul K. , Li Penggang
Published: September 2016

Novel flexible three-phase high-k polyimide composites were fabricated by the incorporation of covalently bonded BaTiO3@GO hybrids in which the BaTiO3@GO hybrids were prepared by the reaction of amino modified BaTiO3 particles and GO.
Interactions of cucurbit[6,7]urils with human serum albumin and their effects on zaltoprofen transportation
Authors: Li Shanshan , He Jiawei , Huang Yanmei , Wang Qing , Yang Hongqin , Xu Kailin , Li Hui
Published: September 2016

Interference of CB[6,7]s on a HSA–zaltoprofen binding system was studied for conducting the applications of CB[6,7]s.
Hydrophobic polyvinylidene fluoride fibrous membranes with simultaneously water/windproof and breathable performance
Authors: Yang Fangfang , Li Yang , Yu Xi , Wu Guangnan , Yin Xia , Yu Jianyong , Ding Bin
Published: September 2016

Hydrophobic polyvinylidene fluoride fibrous membranes with good water/windproof and breathable performance, as well as robust mechanical property, would become a key material in many areas, especially in fabricating of protective clothing.
Capacity control of ferric coordination polymers by zinc nitrate for lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Lou Xiaobing , Hu Huiping , Li Chao , Hu Xiaoshi , Li Tian , Shen Ming , Chen Qun , Hu Bingwen
Published: September 2016

Improved morphology leads to improved Li+ storage performance.
Green synthesis, optical and magnetic properties of a MnIImetal–organic framework (MOF) that exhibits high heat of H2adsorption
Authors: Dhankhar Sandeep Singh , Nagaraja C. M.
Published: September 2016

Green synthesis of a 3D, Mn(ii) MOF, [Mn3(NDC)3(DMA)4]n(1) has been achieved by employing mechanochemical and sonochemical routes and1′exhibits an interesting gas uptake properties with a high value of isosteric heat of adsorption (Qst) for H2.
Self-organized graphene-like boron nitride containing nanoflakes on copper by low-temperature N2 + H2 plasma
Authors: Wang B. B. , Gao D. , Levchenko I. , Ostrikov K. , Keidar M. , Zhu M. K. , Zheng K. , Gao B.
Published: September 2016

A simple and efficient method for synthesizing complex graphene-inspired BNCO nanoflakes by plasma-enhanced hot filament chemical vapour deposition using B4C as a precursor and N2/H2 reactive gases is reported.
Magnetoelectric investigations on poly(vinylidene fluoride)/NiFe2O4flexible films fabricated through a solution casting method
Authors: Prabhakaran T. , Hemalatha J.
Published: September 2016

Here we report magnetoelectric cross-coupling in poly(vinylidene fluoride)/NiFe2O4flexible films and their polarization values, which are highly dependent on the percentage of ferroelectric β phase present.
Heterostructured TiO2/MgO nanowire arrays for self-powered UV photodetectors
Authors: Ni Shiming , Yu Qingjiang , Huang Yuewu , Wang Jianan , Li Lin , Yu Cuiling , Guo Fengyun , Wu Haigang , Lu Weijie , Zhang Xitian
Published: September 2016

A heterostructured TiO2/MgO NWAs based UVPD exhibits a high responsivity and fast response, together with excellent spectral selectivity.
Molecularly imprinted polymer-capped nitrogen-doped graphene quantum dots as a novel chemiluminescence sensor for selective and sensitive determination of doxorubicin
Authors: Amjadi Mohammad , Jalili Roghayeh
Published: September 2016

Molecularly imprinted polymer-capped nitrogen-doped graphene quantum dots (MIP@NGQDs) were prepared via a simple sol–gel process and used for chemiluminescence detection of doxorubicin.
Direct surface modification of poly(VDF-co-TrFE) films by surface-initiated ATRP without pretreatment
Authors: Kobayashi Motoyasu , Higaki Yuji , Kimura Taichi , Boschet Frédéric , Takahara Atsushi , Ameduri Bruno
Published: September 2016

A NMR study revealed that the surface-initiated ATRP of tBA occurred due to fluorine abstraction from the TrFE units of poly(VDF-co-TrFE).
Simple synthesis of novel terthiophene-based D–A1–D–A2 polymers for polymer solar cells
Authors: Lu Mengxia , Wang Wen , Lv Wei , Yan Shuhui , Zhang Tao , Zhen Hongyu , Ling Qidan
Published: September 2016

Our study presents a simple synthetic route to a series of novel terthiophene-based D–A1–D–A2 polymers for efficient PSCs.
Improving SO2capture by basic ionic liquids in an acid gas mixture (10% vol SO2) through tethering a formyl group to the anions
Authors: Zhang Fengtao , Cui Guokai , Zhao Ning , Huang Yanjie , Zhao Yuling , Wang Jianji
Published: September 2016

Novel formyl-containing task-specific ILs could be used to improve SO2capture under low SO2partial pressure.
Effect of nanoparticles on fibril formation and mechanical performance of olefinic block copolymer (OBC)/polypropylene (PP) microfibrillar composites
Authors: Li Zhen , Li Xiaoyu , Sun Chengxiao , Shi Yunjie , Zhang Qin , Fu Qiang
Published: September 2016

Adding nanoparticles provides an alternative strategy to tune the morphological evolution and mechanical performances of OBC/PP microfibrillar composites.
Fabrication of a flexible free-standing film electrode composed of polypyrrole coated cellulose nanofibers/multi-walled carbon nanotubes composite for supercapacitors
Authors: Li Nana , Li Xiaoyan , Yang Chuang , Wang Fei , Li Jianyu , Wang Haiying , Chen Chuchu , Liu Shengnan , Pan Yuanyuan , Li Dagang
Published: September 2016

Today, flexible energy storage systems have become attractive alternatives for applications in portable electronic devices.
Cu ion-exchanged and Cu nanoparticles decorated mesoporous ZSM-5 catalysts for the activation and utilization of phenylacetylene in a sustainable chemical synthesis
Authors: Sarmah Bhaskar , Satpati Biswarup , Srivastava Rajendra
Published: September 2016

Highly dispersed Cu nanoparticles supported on the large external surface of Meso-ZSM-5 exhibited excellent activity in the selective synthesis of indolizines, chalcones, and triazoles using phenylacetylene as one of the building blocks.
MCM-41-immobilized 1,10-phenanthroline–copper(i) complex: a highly efficient and recyclable catalyst for the coupling of aryl iodides with aliphatic alcohols
Authors: Lin Yang , Cai Mingzhong , Fang Zhiqiang , Zhao Hong
Published: September 2016

A practical method for the synthesis of aryl alkyl ethers has been developed by heterogeneous Cu-catalyzed C–O coupling.
Copper(ii) complexes with aromatic nitrogen-containing heterocycles as effective inhibitors of quorum sensing activity in Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: Glišić Biljana Đ. , Aleksic Ivana , Comba Peter , Wadepohl Hubert , Ilic-Tomic Tatjana , Nikodinovic-Runic Jasmina , Djuran Miloš I.
Published: September 2016

Copper(ii) complexes with aromatic nitrogen-containing heterocycles are a new class of quorum sensing inhibitors that attenuate virulence without a pronounced effect on the bacterial growth, thus offering a lower risk for resistance development.
Spark plasma sintering route to synthesize aluminium doped zinc oxide
Authors: Sharma Sonia , Bayikadi Raghavendar , Swaminathan P.
Published: September 2016

Spark plasma sintering increases conductivity in doped zinc oxide.
Facile synthesis of novel nest-shaped Sb2O3 micro/nanostructures and their optical properties
Authors: Zhou Jing , Zheng Caihong , Yang Yun , Guo Lin
Published: September 2016

Novel nest-shaped Sb2O3 micro/nanostructure has been successfully prepared, and its optical properties have been investigated.
Ultrafast mechanochemical synthesis of copper sulfides
Authors: Baláž Matej , Zorkovská Anna , Urakaev Farit , Baláž Peter , Briančin Jaroslav , Bujňáková Zdenka , Achimovičová Marcela , Gock Eberhard
Published: September 2016

Covellite, CuS and chalcocite, Cu2S were prepared within a few seconds by ball milling of the elemental precursors.
Dopant induced modulation in the structure and electronic properties of Au10 cluster
Authors: Sidhu Lovepreet Singh , Halder Antarip , Rai Sandhya
Published: September 2016

DFT calculations at PBE0/SDD ∪ 6-31++G(d,p) level suggest that doped Au10 clusters (with alkali and alkaline earth metals as dopants) are better potential candidates for use in heterogeneous catalysis.
Correction: Photophysical properties of the intramolecular excited charge-transfer states of π-expanded styryl phenanthrimidazoles – effect of solvent polarity
Authors: Thanikachalam V. , Arunpandiyan A. , Jayabharathi J. , Ramanathan P.
Published: September 2016

Correction for ‘Photophysical properties of the intramolecular excited charge-transfer states of π-expanded styryl phenanthrimidazoles – effect of solvent polarity’ by V. Thanikachalam et al., RSC Adv., 2014, 4, 6790–6806.
Anionic porous polymers with tunable structures and catalytic properties
Authors: Zhao Wuxue , Zhang Fan , Yang Lingyun , Bi Shuai , Wu Dongqing , Yao Yefeng , Wagner Manfred , Graf Robert , Hansen Michael Ryan , Zhuang Xiaodong , Feng Xinliang
Published: September 2016

A series of boron-containing conjugated polymers with hierarchical porous structures have been preparedviaSonogashira–Hagihara coupling for catalysing stoichiometric homo-coupling reactions of aryl Grignard regents with size selectivity.
A water/alcohol-soluble conjugated porphyrin small molecule as a cathode interfacial layer for efficient organic photovoltaics
Authors: Zhang Lin , Liu Chang , Lai Tianqi , Huang Huadong , Peng Xiaobin , Huang Fei , Cao Yong
Published: September 2016

A water/alcohol-soluble conjugated porphyrin small molecule exhibits very good ability as a cathode interfacial material in organic solar cells.
Reversible lithiation–delithiation chemistry in cobalt based metal organic framework nanowire electrode engineering for advanced lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Song Huawei , Shen Lisha , Wang Jing , Wang Chengxin
Published: September 2016

Impressive Li-ion storage, fast charge–discharge and ultra long life spans more than 1000 cycles with high capacity retention are simultaneously obtained in CoCOP nanowires.
Vacancy scattering for enhancing the thermoelectric performance of CuGaTe2 solid solutions
Authors: Shen Jiawen , Zhang Xinyue , Lin Siqi , Li Juan , Chen Zhiwei , Li Wen , Pei Yanzhong
Published: September 2016

Vacancies scatter phonons more effectively than substitutional defects, leading to a stronger reduction in the lattice thermal conductivity of thermoelectric CuGaTe2.
Rapid and effective preparation of a HPEI modified biosorbent based on cellulose fiber with a microwave irradiation method for enhanced arsenic removal in water
Authors: Deng Sheng , zhang Guangshan , Chen Shuwei , Xue Yanei , Du Zhaolin , Wang Peng
Published: September 2016

A HPEI modified biosorbent based on cellulose fiber was prepared promptly by MW irradiation.
A polymer lithium–oxygen battery based on semi-polymeric conducting ionomers as the polymer electrolyte
Authors: Wu Chaolumen , Liao Chenbo , Li Taoran , Shi Yanqiong , Luo Jiangshui , Li Lei , Yang Jun
Published: September 2016

A polymer lithium–oxygen battery based on lithiated perfluorinated sulfonic conducting ionomers swollen with non-aqueous solvents operates at room temperature, showing good cycling stability, rate capability and a capacity as high as 1500 mA h gcarbon−1.
Pitaya-like microspheres derived from Prussian blue analogues as ultralong-life anodes for lithium storage
Authors: Ma Lianbo , Chen Tao , Zhu Guoyin , Hu Yi , Lu Hongling , Chen Renpeng , Liang Jia , Tie Zuoxiu , Jin Zhong , Liu Jie
Published: September 2016

Prussian blue analogue derived pitaya-like microsphere anodes exhibit outstanding lithium storage performance with ultralong lifetime.
Durable potassium ion battery electrodes from high-rate cointercalation into graphitic carbons
Authors: Cohn Adam P. , Muralidharan Nitin , Carter Rachel , Share Keith , Oakes Landon , Pint Cary L.
Published: September 2016

We report the first demonstration of potassium ion cointercalation into graphitic carbon electrodes including both natural graphite and multi-layered graphene in both diglyme and monoglyme based electrolytes.
A review of organic small molecule-based hole-transporting materials for meso-structured organic–inorganic perovskite solar cells
Authors: Teh Chin Hoong , Daik Rusli , Lim Eng Liang , Yap Chi Chin , Ibrahim Mohd Adib , Ludin Norasikin Ahmad , Sopian Kamaruzzaman , Mat Teridi Mohd Asri
Published: September 2016

HTMs with a planar core structure, extended-π system and electron-rich groups exhibited better intrinsic conductivity, which enhanced the photovoltaic performance.
Facile synthesis of nitrogen-doped, hierarchical porous carbons with a high surface area: the activation effect of a nano-ZnO template
Authors: Yu Shukai , Wang Haoran , Hu Chen , Zhu Qizhen , Qiao Ning , Xu Bin
Published: September 2016

Nitrogen-doped, hierarchical porous carbons with a high surface area were simply prepared from gelatin using nano-ZnO as both the template and activating agent.
Highly stable biomolecule supported by gold nanoparticles/graphene nanocomposite as a sensing platform for H2O2biosensor application
Authors: Thirumalraj Balamurugan , Rajkumar Chellakannu , Chen Shen-Ming , Barathi Palani
Published: September 2016

Highly stable biomolecule supported by AuNPs assisted with graphene nanocomposite as a sensing platform for H2O2biosensor application.
Correction: Multicolour fluorescent carbon nanoparticle probes for live cell imaging and dual palladium and mercury sensors
Authors: Sharma Vinay , Saini Anoop Kumar , Mobin Shaikh M.
Published: September 2016

Correction for ‘Multicolour fluorescent carbon nanoparticle probes for live cell imaging and dual palladium and mercury sensors’ by Vinay Sharma et al., J. Mater. Chem. B, 2016, 4, 2466–2476.
Intense multi-state visible absorption and full-color luminescence of nitrogen-doped carbon quantum dots for blue-light-excitable solid-state-lighting
Authors: Chen Daqin , Wu Weiwei , Yuan Yongjun , Zhou Yang , Wan Zhongyi , Huang Ping
Published: September 2016

Nitrogen-doped carbon dots with multi-state visible absorption and full-color blue/yellow/red emissions are synthesized, and show potential applications in solid-state-lighting.
Thermal resistances of thin films of small molecule organic semiconductors
Authors: Yao Y. , Shahi Maryam , Payne Marcia M. , Anthony J. E. , Brill J. W.
Published: September 2016

We have measured the thermal resistances of thin films of the small molecule organic semiconductors bis(triisopropylsilylethynyl) pentacene (TIPS-pn), bis(triethylsilylethynyl) anthradithiophene (TES-ADT) and difluoro bis(triethylsilylethynyl) anthradithiophene (diF-TES-ADT).
Filter‐and‐forward relaying in cognitive networks with blind channel estimation
Authors: Mohammadkhani Saeideh , Karagiannidis George K.
Published: September 2016

The authors study the design of cooperative beamforming for an underlay cognitive relay network over frequency selective fading channels. The network under consideration consists of one primary link, one secondary link and relay nodes that assist the communication. It is assumed imperfect blind channel estimation, i.e. only the second order statistics – with uncertainty – of the channel gain between the primary transmitter‐relay and relay‐primary receiver, is available. To mitigate the channel's frequency selectivity, each relay is equipped with a finite impulse response filter, which performs filter and forward relaying. The authors consider two different scenarios: in the first, the objective is to minimise the total transmit power of the relays subject to a constraint on the interference induce on the primary receiver. Furthermore, a constraint is also considered on the received signal‐to‐interference plus noise ratio (SINR) in the secondary receiver. In the second scenario, the objective is to maximise SINR in the secondary receiver, subject to constraints on the sum power of the relays and also on the noise and interference power in the primary receiver. Simulation results show how total power of relay varies with the uncertainty in the blind channel estimation in the first scenario. In addition, the achievable SINR deteriorates in the second scenario when the uncertainty increases.
Analysis and modelling of power consumption‐aware priority‐based scheduling for M2M data aggregation over long‐term‐evolution networks
Authors: AlQahtani Salman A.
Published: September 2016

The deployment of billions of machine‐to‐machine (M2M) devices is expected to have an enticing effluence in cellular networks. Data aggregation is an attractive scheme to decrease power consumption; however, it introduces longer delay to the aggregated data. M2M devices have disparate traffic types with different delay requirements. In this study, the author proposes a priority‐based data aggregation scheme at the M2M gateway that effectively maintains a good trade‐off between the power consumption and delay requirement. An analytical model that considers the idle and busy states behaviour of the aggregator using preemption M/G/1 queuing with priority disciplines is developed and analysed. The performance measures in terms of system delay and power consumption are derived and used to quantify the trade‐off between M2M delay sensitive traffic and low power consumption provisions. Based on the numerical and simulation results, the proposed scheme provides a good trade‐off between delay and power consumption.
Performance analysis for NOMA energy harvesting relaying networks with transmit antenna selection and maximal‐ratio combining over Nakagami‐m fading
Authors: Han Weiliang , Ge Jianhua , Men Jinjin
Published: September 2016

Non‐orthogonal multiple access (NOMA), which is an effective solution to improve spectral efficiency, has been considered as an emerging candidate for the fifth generation multiple access. In addition, simultaneous wireless information and power transfer, which aims to maximise energy efficiency, has received significant attention. In this study, the authors design NOMA for downlink energy harvesting (EH) multiple‐antenna relaying networks. The base station communicates with multiple mobile users simultaneously via an EH relay node. In the first slot, the relay node harvests energy from the received signals; and in the second slot, the relay node uses the harvested energy to broadcast the received signals to all mobile users. Antenna selection is adopted at the base station while maximal‐ratio combining is applied at the mobile users. The outage performance for the NOMA‐EH relaying networks is studied over Nakagami‐m fading and closed‐form expressions for the outage probability are obtained. In addition, the presented simulation results demonstrate the correctness of the authors’ analysis and the advantage of NOMA over conventional orthogonal multiple access.
Twelve‐slot two‐saliency variable reluctance resolver with non‐overlapping signal windings and axial flux excitation
Authors: Tootoonchian Farid , Nasiri‐Gheidari Zahra
Published: September 2016

In this study, a new 12‐slot two‐saliency variable reluctance (VR) resolver with simple non‐overlapping windings is proposed. The excitation winding in the proposed resolver is replaced with one axial coil that is perpendicular to the signal windings. Both distributed and non‐overlapping concentric windings with uniform coil turns are used. The rotor has two upper and lower saliencies located in front of each other. The shape and width of each saliency are determined based on the optimisation. Compared with conventional 12‐slot VR resolvers, the proposed resolver has a simpler rotor structure and the advantages of two‐saliency resolvers against eccentricity, absolute output position, and higher accuracy. The operation principle of the proposed resolver is analytically shown. Then, a three‐dimensional time‐stepping finite‐element method (FEM) is used for the design, analysis, and optimisation of the proposed sensor. After optimisation, a prototype of the most accurate resolver is built. The good agreement obtained between the FEM and the practical results verifies the design and optimisation process.
Differences in disturbance type and nutrient availability favour different functional traits across three co-occurring montane wetland systems in eastern Australia
Authors: Hunter John T.
Published: September 2016

Three co-occurring temperate montane non-riparian freshwater wetland communities of the New England Batholith of eastern Australia were chosen to test differences in resource allocation to select functional traits. Each of the wetlands was tested against inferred gradients of nutrient availability, fire and disturbance frequency. Collated functional trait data on 563 native vascular plant taxa known to occur in bogs, fens and lagoons were used against a centrally weighted means redundancy analysis. Traits included life form, plant height, leaf area, fruit size, seed size, mono- or polycarpy, storage organs, fruit type, vegetative spread and geographic range size. Where disturbances were moderate to low in frequency and habitats persistent, tolerance and in-situ permanence traits were favoured. With high nutrient availability and a low disturbance regime polycarpic species with large leaves that allow for larger fruit development were more common. Under low nutrient availability and a moderate disturbance regime, persistence was shifted to a longer lived polycarpic life history that includes woody taxa with increased seed size and a greater diversity of fruit types. In frequently inundated habitats, with shifting windows of available habitats, avoidance was the best strategy. Here persistence shifts to long-lived soil stored diaspores and a monocarpic life history with rapid vegetative growth to capture above ground spatial resource within temporary habitats.
In vitro oocyte maturation in a medium containing reduced sodium chloride improves the developmental competence of pig oocytes after parthenogenesis and somatic cell nuclear transfer
Authors: Lee Joohyeong , Lee Hanna , Lee Yongjin , Park Bola , Elahi Fazle , Lee Seung Tae , Park Choon-Keun , Hyun Sang-Hwan , Lee Eunsong
Published: September 2016

The present study investigated the effects of IVM in hypotonic medium containing reduced (61.6 mM) NaCl compared with isotonic medium containing 108.0 mM NaCl (designated L and N respectively) on oocyte maturation and embryonic development in pigs. IVM culture was divided into four periods at 11-h intervals. Oocytes cultured in N for 33 h and then in L for 11 h of IVM (N-N-N-L) showed significantly improved (P < 0.05) nuclear maturation of oocytes (75.4–79.0% vs 60.2–85.8%) and blastocyst formation (61.5–66.1% vs 45.2–67.5%) after parthenogenesis (PA) compared with other treatments (L-L-L-L, L-L-L-N, L-L-N-L, N-N-L-L, N-N-L-N, L-L-N-L, L-N-N-L and N-L-N-L). Oocytes matured in L-L-L-L and N-N-N-L had an increased (P < 0.05) perivitelline space (11.0–12.5 vs 5.5 µm) and intraoocyte reduced glutathione (GSH) content (1.39–1.41 vs 1.00 pixels per oocyte) relative to oocytes matured in N-N-N-N. Somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) embryos derived from the N-N-N-L treatment had significantly (P < 0.05) higher blastocyst formation (53.5%) than embryos derived from Medium-199 (37.4%) and N-N-N-N (41.8%) treatments. Overall, the results demonstrate that maturation of pig oocytes in hypotonic medium with reduced NaCl during the last 11 h of IVM increases the developmental competence of oocytes after PA and SCNT by improving the cytoplasmic microenvironment, including an increased GSH content in IVM oocytes.
Qualitative and quantitative response of soil organic carbon to 40 years of crop residue incorporation under contrasting nitrogen fertilisation regimes
Authors: Poeplau Christopher , Reiter Lisa , Berti Antonio , Kätterer Thomas
Published: September 2016

Crop residue incorporation (RI) is recommended to increase soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks. However, the positive effect on SOC is often reported to be relatively low and alternative use of crop residues, e.g. as a bioenergy source, may be more climate smart. In this context, it is important to understand: (i) the response of SOC stocks to long-term crop residue incorporation; and (ii) the qualitative SOC change, in order to judge the sustainability of this measure. We investigated the effect of 40 years of RI combined with five different nitrogen (N) fertilisation levels on SOC stocks and five SOC fractions differing in turnover times on a clay loam soil in Padua, Italy. The average increase in SOC stock in the 0–30cm soil layer was 3.1Mgha–1 or 6.8%, with no difference between N fertilisation rates. Retention coefficients of residues did not exceed 4% and decreased significantly with increasing N rate (R2=0.49). The effect of RI was higher after 20 years (4.6Mgha–1) than after 40 years, indicating that a new equilibrium has been reached and no further gains in SOC can be expected. Most (92%) of the total SOC was stored in the silt and clay fraction and 93% of the accumulated carbon was also found in this fraction, showing the importance of fine mineral particles for SOC storage, stabilisation and sequestration in arable soils. No change was detected in more labile fractions, indicating complete turnover of the annual residue-derived C in these fractions under a warm humid climate and in a highly base-saturated soil. The applied fractionation was thus useful to elucidate drivers and mechanisms of SOC formation and stabilisation. We conclude that residue incorporation is not a significant management practice affecting soil C storage in warm temperate climatic regions.
Development and representation of Italian light-fare constructions
Authors: Quochi Valeria
Published: September 2016

This contribution analyzes the development and use of light fare ‘do’ constructions
in Child-directed Speech and in Child Language with the twofold goal
of showing that a Construction Grammar approach is viable, and of providing
support to usage-based, functional predictions on language acquisition. The
analysis of naturalistic data derived from the CHILDES database lead to two
main findings: first, a representation of fare Light Verb Constructions as a family
of constructions organized like a radial category is possible, second, there
exists a fare pivot schema that children generalize at an early stage because it
serves the purpose of naming new events, activities or situations.
Spanish constructions of directed motion – a quantitative study
Authors: Pedersen Johan
Published: September 2016

In typological studies of expressions of motion events, there is a need for a
quantitative methodology that assesses and qualifies inter- and intra-linguistic
variation. The article reports on a large corpus study of the use of Spanish
motion verbs in constructions of telic motion. Verb associations with the
constructional V-slot were measured by using collostructional methodology
(Stefanowitsch and Gries, 2003). Six categories of construction-specific variation
were identified. The corpus data and broad evidence from other semantic
domains suggest that the encoding of Spanish argument structure is verb-driven
and that verb constraints versus schematicity is a typological parameter. The
study concludes that Spanish is a verb-framing language rather than a verbframed
language (cf. Talmy, 2000), which explains the substantial variation
observed.
A corpus-based study of infinitival and sentential complement constructions in Spanish
Authors: Yoon Jiyoung , Wulff Stefanie
Published: September 2016

This corpus-based study examines Spanish infinitival and sentential complement
constructions. 561 infinitival and 795 sentential complements retrieved
from the AnCora corpus were subjected to a Distinctive Collexeme Analysis
(Gries and Stefanowitsch, 2004) that identified the verbs distinctively associated
with either complementation. The results suggest that the two are in fact distinct
constructions (Goldberg, 1995, 2006): the infinitival construction attracts verbs
denoting desire, whereas the sentential construction attracts verbs denoting
communication and mental activity. The results furthermore lend credence
to usage-based constructionist approaches: verbs fall on a continuum of
constructional preferences from which consistent semantic groups emerge. We
close with a brief discussion of how grammaticalization processes may account
for the constructional preferences of specific verbs.
A geometric exemplar-based model of semantic structure
Authors: Levshina Natalia
Published: September 2016

This paper addresses an under-investigated issue of the structure of constructional
meaning, presenting an innovative corpus-based bottom-up approach,
which represents the semantic similarities between exemplars of a construction
with the help of Multidimensional Scaling. The study explores the main semantic
dimensions and senses of the Dutch causative construction with the auxiliary
laten ‘let’. The quantitative analyses of 731 corpus examples, which were
coded for 35 various contextual variables, show that the constructional semantics
is organized as a doughnut, with an empty centre and extensive periphery.
The main senses, which are represented by clusters of similar exemplars, are not
discrete, but represent a continuum. These findings are contrasted with previous
accounts, which assumed a discrete prototype-based structure of the meaning.
Evolution of land plants: insights from molecular studies on basal lineages
Authors: Ishizaki Kimitsune
Published: September 2016

The invasion of the land by plants, or terrestrialization, was one of the most critical events in the history of the Earth. The evolution of land plants included significant transformations in body plans: the emergence of a multicellular diploid sporophyte, transition from gametophyte-dominant to sporophyte-dominant life histories, and development of many specialized tissues and organs, such as stomata, vascular tissues, roots, leaves, seeds, and flowers. Recent advances in molecular genetics in two model basal plants, bryophytes Physcomitrella patens and Marchantia polymorpha, have begun to provide answers to several key questions regarding land plant evolution. This paper discusses the evolution of the genes and regulatory mechanisms that helped drive such significant morphological innovations among land-based plants.
People Are Unable to Recognize or Report on Their Own Eye Movements
Authors: Clarke Alasdair D. F. , Mahon Aoife , Irvine Alex , Hunt Amelia R.
Published: September 2016

Eye movements bring new information into our visual system. The selection of each fixation is the result of a complex interplay of image features, task goals, and biases in motor control and perception. To what extent are we aware of the selection of saccades and their consequences? Here we use a converging methods approach to answer this question in three diverse experiments. In Experiment 1, participants were directed to find a target in a scene by a verbal description of it. We then presented the path the eyes took together with those of another participant. Participants could only identify their own path when the comparison scanpath was searching for a different target. In Experiment 2, participants viewed a scene for three seconds and then named objects from the scene. When asked whether they had looked directly at a given object, participants’ responses were primarily determined by whether or not the object had been named, and not by whether it had been fixated. In Experiment 3, participants executed saccades towards single targets and then viewed a replay of either the eye movement they had just executed or that of someone else. Participants were at chance to identify their own saccade, even when it contained under- and overshoot corrections. The consistent inability to report on one's own eye movements across experiments suggests that awareness of eye movements is extremely impoverished or altogether absent. This is surprising given that information about prior eye movements is clearly used during visual search, motor error correction, and learning.
PEX2 is the E3 ubiquitin ligase required for pexophagy during starvation
Authors: Sargent Graeme , van Zutphen Tim , Shatseva Tatiana , Zhang Ling , Di Giovanni Valeria , Bandsma Robert , Kim Peter Kijun
Published: September 2016

Peroxisomes are metabolic organelles necessary for anabolic and catabolic lipid reactions whose numbers are highly dynamic based on the metabolic need of the cells. One mechanism to regulate peroxisome numbers is through an autophagic process called pexophagy. In mammalian cells, ubiquitination of peroxisomal membrane proteins signals pexophagy; however, the E3 ligase responsible for mediating ubiquitination is not known. Here, we report that the peroxisomal E3 ubiquitin ligase peroxin 2 (PEX2) is the causative agent for mammalian pexophagy. Expression of PEX2 leads to gross ubiquitination of peroxisomes and degradation of peroxisomes in an NBR1-dependent autophagic process. We identify PEX5 and PMP70 as substrates of PEX2 that are ubiquitinated during amino acid starvation. We also find that PEX2 expression is up-regulated during both amino acid starvation and rapamycin treatment, suggesting that the mTORC1 pathway regulates pexophagy by regulating PEX2 expression levels. Finally, we validate our findings in vivo using an animal model.
Tiam–Rac signaling mediates trans-endocytosis of ephrin receptor EphB2 and is important for cell repulsion
Authors: Gaitanos Thomas N. , Koerner Jorg , Klein Ruediger
Published: September 2016

Ephrin receptors interact with membrane-bound ephrin ligands to regulate contact-mediated attraction or repulsion between opposing cells, thereby influencing tissue morphogenesis. Cell repulsion requires bidirectional trans-endocytosis of clustered Eph–ephrin complexes at cell interfaces, but the mechanisms underlying this process are poorly understood. Here, we identified an actin-regulating pathway allowing ephrinB+ cells to trans-endocytose EphB receptors from opposing cells. Live imaging revealed Rac-dependent F-actin enrichment at sites of EphB2 internalization, but not during vesicle trafficking. Systematic depletion of Rho family GTPases and their regulatory proteins identified the Rac subfamily and the Rac-specific guanine nucleotide exchange factor Tiam2 as key components of EphB2 trans-endocytosis, a pathway previously implicated in Eph forward signaling, in which ephrins act as in trans ligands of Eph receptors. However, unlike in Eph signaling, this pathway is not required for uptake of soluble ligands in ephrinB+ cells. We also show that this pathway is required for EphB2-stimulated contact repulsion. These results support the existence of a conserved pathway for EphB trans-endocytosis that removes the physical tether between cells, thereby enabling cell repulsion.
Munc18-1 is a molecular chaperone for α-synuclein, controlling its self-replicating aggregation
Authors: Chai Ye Jin , Sierecki Emma , Tomatis Vanesa M. , Gormal Rachel S. , Giles Nichole , Morrow Isabel C. , Xia Di , Götz Jürgen , Parton Robert G. , Collins Brett M. , Gambin Yann , Meunier Frédéric A.
Published: September 2016

Munc18-1 is a key component of the exocytic machinery that controls neurotransmitter release. Munc18-1 heterozygous mutations cause developmental defects and epileptic phenotypes, including infantile epileptic encephalopathy (EIEE), suggestive of a gain of pathological function. Here, we used single-molecule analysis, gene-edited cells, and neurons to demonstrate that Munc18-1 EIEE-causing mutants form large polymers that coaggregate wild-type Munc18-1 in vitro and in cells. Surprisingly, Munc18-1 EIEE mutants also form Lewy body–like structures that contain α-synuclein (α-Syn). We reveal that Munc18-1 binds α-Syn, and its EIEE mutants coaggregate α-Syn. Likewise, removal of endogenous Munc18-1 increases the aggregative propensity of α-SynWT and that of the Parkinson’s disease–causing α-SynA30P mutant, an effect rescued by Munc18-1WT expression, indicative of chaperone activity. Coexpression of the α-SynA30P mutant with Munc18-1 reduced the number of α-SynA30P aggregates. Munc18-1 mutations and haploinsufficiency may therefore trigger a pathogenic gain of function through both the corruption of native Munc18-1 and a perturbed chaperone activity for α-Syn leading to aggregation-induced neurodegeneration.
Compartmentalization of the endoplasmic reticulum in the early C. elegans embryos
Authors: Lee Zuo Yen , Prouteau Manoël , Gotta Monica , Barral Yves
Published: September 2016

The one-cell Caenorhabditis elegans embryo is polarized to partition fate determinants between the cell lineages generated during its first division. Using fluorescence loss in photobleaching, we find that the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of the C. elegans embryo is physically continuous throughout the cell, but its membrane is compartmentalized shortly before nuclear envelope breakdown into an anterior and a posterior domain, indicating that a diffusion barrier forms in the ER membrane between these two domains. Using mutants with disorganized ER, we show that ER compartmentalization is independent of the morphological transition that the ER undergoes in mitosis. In contrast, compartmentalization takes place at the position of the future cleavage plane in a par-3–dependent manner. Together, our data indicate that the ER membrane is compartmentalized in cells as diverse as budding yeast, mouse neural stem cells, and the early C. elegans embryo.
Beyond the SNARE: Munc18-1 chaperones α-synuclein
Authors: Deshpande Mugdha , Rodal Avital A.
Published: September 2016

Early infantile epileptic encephalopathy (EIEE)–associated mutations in MUNC18-1 cause Munc18-1 misfolding and cellular aggregation. In this issue, Chai et al. (2016. J. Cell Biol. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.201512016) find that Munc18-1 is a molecular chaperone for α-synuclein and that aggregated Munc18-1 EIEE-causing mutants promote α-synuclein aggregation.
A beacon in the cytoplasm: Tracking translation of single mRNAs
Authors: Pingali Hema V. , Hilliker Angela K.
Published: September 2016

Translation is carefully regulated to control protein levels and allow quick responses to changes in the environment. Certain questions about translation in vivo have been unattainable until now. In this issue, Pichon et al. (2016. J. Cell Biol. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.201605024) describe a new technique to allow real-time monitoring of translation on single mRNAs.
ER membrane puts up barriers in C. elegans
Authors: Leslie Mitch
Published: September 2016

Compartmentalization of ER membrane might ensure that fate determinants end up in different cells of embryo.
GM-CSF primes cardiac inflammation in a mouse model of Kawasaki disease
Authors: Stock Angus T. , Hansen Jacinta A. , Sleeman Matthew A. , McKenzie Brent S. , Wicks Ian P.
Published: September 2016

Kawasaki disease (KD) is the leading cause of pediatric heart disease in developed countries. KD patients develop cardiac inflammation, characterized by an early infiltrate of neutrophils and monocytes that precipitates coronary arteritis. Although the early inflammatory processes are linked to cardiac pathology, the factors that regulate cardiac inflammation and immune cell recruitment to the heart remain obscure. In this study, using a mouse model of KD (induced by a cell wall Candida albicans water-soluble fraction [CAWS]), we identify an essential role for granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) in orchestrating these events. GM-CSF is rapidly produced by cardiac fibroblasts after CAWS challenge, precipitating cardiac inflammation. Mechanistically, GM-CSF acts upon the local macrophage compartment, driving the expression of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, whereas therapeutically, GM-CSF blockade markedly reduces cardiac disease. Our findings describe a novel role for GM-CSF as an essential initiating cytokine in cardiac inflammation and implicate GM-CSF as a potential target for therapeutic intervention in KD.
Berkshire Encyclopedia of China
Authors: Cheng Linsun
Published: September 2016

800 entries

With its coverage of environmental issues, global economics, online communications, and the latest political developments, this Encyclopedia is truly a 21st-century work. While including many articles about China's earliest history - going back more than 5,000 years - the Encyclopedia is focused on the events, concepts, and people that matter today. The authors of its 800 accessibly written and lavishly illustrated articles, which range from 600 to 6,000 words, are scholars at major Chinese and Western universities and research institutes.
Parent–Child Interaction
Authors: Horstman Haley Kranstuber , Hays Alexie , Maliski Ryan
Published: September 2016

The parent–child relationship is one of the most influential, important, and meaningful relationships in an individual’s life. The communication between parents and children fuels their bond and functions to socialize children (i.e., gender, career and work, relationship values and skills, and health behaviors), provide social support, show affection, make sense of their life experiences, engage in conflict, manage private information, and create a family communication environment. How parents and children manage these functions changes over time as their relationship adapts over the developmental periods of their lives. Mothers and fathers may also respond differently to the changing needs of their children, given the unique relational cultures that typically exist in mother–child versus father–child relationships.

Although research on parent–child communication is vast and thorough, the constant changes faced by families in the 21st century—including more diverse family structures—provides ample avenues for future research on this complex relationship. Parent–child communication in diverse families (e.g., divorced/stepfamilies, adoptive, multiracial, LGBTQ, and military families) must account for the complexity of identities and experiences in these families. Further, changes in society such as advances in technology, the aging population, and differing parenting practices are also transforming the parent–child relationship. Because this relationship is a vital social resource for both parents and children throughout their lives, researchers will undoubtedly continue to seek to understand the complexities of this important family dyad.