bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Skin Aging Estimation Scheme Based on Lifestyle and Dermoscopy Image Analysis
Authors: Rew Jehyeok , Choi Young-Hwan , Kim Hyungjoon , Hwang Eenjun
Published: March 2019

Besides genetic characteristics, people also undergo a process of skin aging under the influence of diverse factors such as sun exposure, food intake, sleeping patterns, and drinking habits, which are closely related to their personal lifestyle. So far, many studies have been conducted to analyze skin conditions quantitatively. However, to describe the current skin condition or predict future skin aging effectively, we need to understand the correlation between skin aging and lifestyle. In this study, we first demonstrate how to trace people’s skin condition accurately using scale-invariant feature transform and the color histogram intersection method. Then, we show how to estimate skin texture aging depending on the lifestyle by considering various features from face, neck, and hand dermoscopy images. Lastly, we describe how to predict future skin conditions in terms of skin texture features. Based on the Pearson correlation, we describe the correlation between skin aging and lifestyle, and estimate skin aging according to lifestyle using the polynomial regression and support vector regression models. We evaluate the performance of our proposed scheme through various experiments.
Waste Bricks Applied as Removal Agent of Basic Blue 41 from Aqueous Solutions: Base Treatment and Their Regeneration Efficiency
Authors: Kooli Fethi , Liu Yan , Abboudi Mostafa , Oudghiri Hassani Hicham , Rakass Souad , Ibrahim Sheikh Muhammad , Al Wadaani Fahd
Published: March 2019

Waste brick materials were applied as removal materials of basic blue 41 (BB-41) from artificially contaminated water. They were characterized by different techniques prior their use. A series of removal tests were carried out at different conditions, such as a dosage effect, pH value, initial concentrations, and chemical treatment. The removal results indicated that the two untreated waste bricks had limited removal capacities of basic blue 41, ranging from 19 to 30 mg/g. However, these values were improved upon treatment with NaOH solution or by increasing the removal temperature. Waste brick collected from the Medina area (Med-WB) exhibited higher removal capacity compared to the one collected from the Jeddah area (Jed-WB), with a maximum removal capacity of 60 mg/g at 60 °C. The pH of the BB-41 solution also played an important factor, as it improved the removal amounts from 25 mg/g to 45 mg/g at initial concentration of 200 mg/L. The regenerative process was studied using oxidative reaction of the removed basic blue 41 with a solution of oxone and cobalt nitrate. The efficiency was maintained after 5 runs for Med-WB, with a slight variation of 25%, while it felt to 50% for Jed-WB material after three runs. These data indicate that the waste brick materials present as potential candidates for the dye removal and their origin has to be identified.
Pseudoaneurysm of the Inferior Pancreaticoduodenal Artery Due to Cholecystitis
Authors: George Jayan , Besant Samuel , Cleveland Trevor , Al-Mukhtar Ahmed
Published: March 2019

Inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery pseudoaneurysms and aneurysms are a rare occurrence, comprising of approximately 10% of visceral artery aneurysms and pseudoaneurysms. The cause is normally due to trauma, iatrogenic or pancreatitis. We present a case of a patient re-presenting to hospital following treatment of acute cholecystitis with epigastric pain, dysphagia, pyrexia, nausea, vomiting and an acute kidney injury. Following cholecystostomy, intravenous fluids and conservative treatment for her symptoms, she failed to improve significantly and was found to have a 6 mm pseudoaneurysm of the inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery on day twenty of her admission. She was transferred to a tertiary centre and was treated with an embolisation and recovered well from the procedure.
Aplicación del modelo de Calidad E-learning Quality (ELQ) en la evaluación de la calidad de la UIDE Distancia
Authors: Narváez Narváez María Elena
Published: March 2019

UIDE actualmente ofrece 6 carreras con modalidad a distancia, el objetivo de esta investigación fue identificar el estado de la calidad de la educación que se oferta a través de la aplicación del modelo de Calidad E-learning, la metodología utilizada fue descriptiva cualitativa usando una encuesta transversal con escala de likert siguiendo los parámetros generales de la investigación ELQ aplicada a la Universidad Politécnica de Puebla en 2013, obteniendo resultados sobre los 10 criterios considerados que permitieron sugerir un plan de mejora para el manejo de la modalidad.
THE CONSTRUCTION OF LOCI WITH A CYCLICAL SYMMETRY BY THE R-FUNCTIONS
Authors: Semerich Yu. S.
Published: March 2019

This paper deals with the development of the R‐functions method for construction of equations describing a boundary of locus in the case of cyclical symmetry. The proposed method is based on transformations of coordinates and canonical locus.

Darbe pateiktas būdas, kaip pritaikyti R‐funkciju metoda taip vadinamu ciklines simetrijos sričiu kontūru lygtims sudaryti. Pasiūlytasis metodas pagristas loordinačiu transformavimu, pasinaudojant kanoniniu hodografu.
STABILITY ANALYSIS OF CELLULAR AUTOMATA GENERATED CLUSTERS
Authors: Šiugždaite R.
Published: March 2019

The development of regional urban system still remains one of the main problems during the human race history. There are a lot of problems inside this system like overcrowded cities and decaying countryside. All these situations can be reproduced by modelling them using Cellular Automata (CA) [1, 2, 5]. CA models implement algorithms with simple rules and parameter controls, but the result can be a complex behaviour.

A stability of naturally formed self‐organized urban system depends on its critical state parameter τ in the power law log(f(x)) = ‐τlog(x). If the system reaches self‐organized critical (SOC) state then it remains in it for a long time. The CA model URBACAM (URBAnistic Cellular Automata Model) describes the long‐lasting term behaviour and shows that the change in behaviour is sensitive to the urban parameter τ of the power law.

Regionines urbanistines sistemos vystymasis išlieka viena iš opiausiu problemu žmonijos istorijoje. Keletas tokiu uždaviniu kaip miestu perpildymas, nykstančios kaimo vietoves ir t.t. gali būti nesunkiai modeliuojami naudojant lasteliu automatus (LA). LA metodas ypatingas tuo, kad realizuoja algoritma paprastu taisykliu bei parametru valdymo pagalba, tačiau rezultate galima gauti sudetinga elgsena. Natūraliai susiformavusiu urbanistiniu sistemu stabilumas priklauso nuo sistemos krizines savirangos būsenos (KSB) parametro τ. Jei sistema pasiekia KSB, tai ji ilga laika išlieka joje. LA modelis URBACAM charakterizuoja ilgalaike elgsena ir parodo, jog modelyje jos kitimus itakoja eksponentinio desnio urbanistinis parametras τ.
A morphometric analysis of Tobleria bicuspis, a Voltziales seed cone from the early Permian Jambi palaeoflora, Sumatra (Indonesia)
Authors: Van Waveren Isabel M.
Published: March 2019

Tobleriabicuspis, a coniferophyte seed cone, is described from the Jambi Palaeoflora, Sumatra of Asselian (early Permian) age. A morphometric analysis based on cones, paired fertile units, and fertile and sterile scales, demonstrates their close relationship. Small paired fertile units occur mainly in cones. Medium-sized paired fertile units occur mainly on scales. And large paired fertile units are mainly dispersed. The cones are considered female and the paired fertile units are considered to represent the seeds. The cones are composed of helicoidal, bilaterally symmetrical and deeply incised scales with paired seeds. A comparison can be made with the Voltziales female taxon Schizolepis from the Triassic and Jurassic. Tobleria is regarded as having a voltzian Voltziales affinity and dates from approximately 16 to 26 million years before any other such cones.
BİR DİSİPLİN OLARAK MEKATRONİK MÜHENDSLİĞİNİN ORTAYA ÇIKIŞINDA POST-FORDİST ÜRETİM SİSTEMİNİN ETKİLERİ
Authors: GORA Oğuz
Published: March 2019

Endüstriyel gelişmenin başladığı 18. yüzyılda üretim sistemlerinin içine girmeye başlayanmakineler, günümüze gelene dek insan emeğini ve onun üretkenliğini değişimeuğratmıştır. Makineleşmenin giderek güçlenmesiyle endüstriyel üretimde verimliliğiarttırmaya yönelik çalışmalar da başlamıştır. Bu çalışmalardan biri olan Taylor’un bilimsel yöntemiise çalışma ilişkileri ve üretim süreçlerinde önemli bir noktada yer almaktadır. 20. ve 21. yüzyıla geldiğimizdeise bilgi teknolojilerinde ve elektronik sistemlerindeki gelişmeler üretim süreçlerini farklınoktalara getirmiştir. İnsan emeğinin makinelerle ve birbirleriyle ilişkileri daha çok bilgi tabanlı olmayabaşlamıştır. Üretim süreçleri, hata kaldırabilir olmaya ve hızlı işlemeye başlamıştır. Fordizmdeüretim hatlarının mekanik kontrolü öne çıkmış ve daha sonrasında post-fordizm olarak adlandırılandönemde ise elektronik sistemler, üretimin her aşamasını kontrol eder hale gelmiştir. Bu durumrekabet koşullarının gerektirdiği esnek taleplere arz ile karşılık verebilme imkânı sağlamıştır. Üretimsüreçleri bu şekilde değişirken, 1960’lı yıllardan bu yana yeni bir bilim dalı olarak Mekatronik Mühendisliğigelişmeye başlamıştır. Mekatronik mühendisliği, konvansiyonel mühendisliklere kattığıdisiplinlerarası bakışla endüstrinin ihtiyaçlarını karşılarken, kendine de yeni bir konum edinmiştir.Bu çalışmada, mekatronik mühendisliğinin ortaya çıkışında post-fordist üretim sisteminin ihtiyaçlarınınne oranda etkili olduğu araştırılmıştır. Mekatronik mühendisliğinin bakış açısının ve çalışmakonularının post-fordist üretim sistemi etkileri ile ortaya çıkması çalışmanın temel tezidir.
Corrosion Inhibition of Martensitic Stainless Steel in Chloride Medium by Calcium Gluconate-Solanum Tuberosum Extract as Surfactant
Authors: Akanji Olaitan Lukman , Fatoba Olawale S. , Akinlabi Esther Titilayo
Published: March 2019

Corrosion inhibition of martensitic stainless steel (MSS) in magnesium chloride was investigated in the absence and presence of calcium gluconate as corrosion inhibitor at ambient temperature. The effects of inhibitor concentration were studied using weight loss and polarization method. The results obtained showed that calcium gluconate acts as an inhibitor for martensitic stainless steel in MgCl and decreases the corrosion rate. The inhibition performance was found to increase with the increase in inhibitor concentration. The maximum inhibition efficiency obtained was 99 % at 2g/v inhibitor concentration, the adsorption of calcium gluconate on the surface of Martensitic stainless steel was found to obey Langmuir adsorption isotherm. However, the addition of solanum tuberosum extract in the inhibitor decreases the corrosion rate of martesitic steel significantly in chloride solution.
Experimental Investigation of a New Derived Oleochemical Corrosion Inhibitor
Authors: Mohyaldinn Mysara Eissa , Lin Wai , Gawi Ola , Ismail Mokhtar Che , Ahmed Quosay A. , Ayoub Mohammed Abdalla , Hasan Anas
Published: March 2019

Most of the corrosion inhibitors that are used in industry contain chemicals that are harmful to health and environment. Corrosion inhibitors derived from green sources are, therefore, believed to be a good option for replacing the chemical corrosion inhibitors. In this work, a green oleochemical corrosion inhibitor derived from Jatropha Curcas is introduced. The paper discusses the methodology of deriving the corrosion inhibitor as well as the experimental test conducted for evaluating its corrosion inhibition efficiency. The new oleochemical corrosion inhibitor was derived via two reactions. Jatropha oil was firstly saponified with sodium hydroxide to yield gras acid and glycerol, which was then esterified with boron fluoride in presence of excess methanol to produce the oil methyl esters, which is used as oleo-chemical corrosion inhibitor. To evaluate the oleo-chemical corrosion inhibitor, the corrosion rate of mild steel in NaCl corrosive medium with CO2 is tested at static condition and two dynamic conditions, namely 500 and 1500 rpm. This is to simulate the transitional and turbulent flow in a pipeline. At each dynamic condition, the proposed corrosion inhibitor was tested at concentration dosages of 0, 50, 100, and 150 ppm. The experiments results revealed a good performance of the new oleochemical corrosion inhibitor. The inhibition efficiency was found to be highly affected by the concentration of corrosion inhibitor. Total corrosion inhibition of the mild steel was noticed by using 150 ppm at dynamic condition of 500 rpm.
A Review on the Preparation of Magnesium-Based Alloys Prepared by Powder Metallurgy and the Evolution of Microstructure and Mechanical Properties
Authors: Alias Juliawati , Harun Wan Sharuzi Wan , Ayu Hassan Mas
Published: March 2019

This paper reviews the manufacturing of magnesium-based alloys prepared by powder metallurgy (PM) technique and analysis of the effects of PM parameter on the developed microstructure, texture and mechanical properties. Powder metallurgy (PM) technique has been considered to produce magnesium product with consideration of less complex, finer grain and improved mechanical properties. Selection of PM route especially sintering to full densification determines a good diffusion path of alloy for interparticle bonding. This paper discusses the preparation and process parameter of each process in powder metallurgy routes, and the evolved microstructure including the crystallography texture and mechanical properties of the magnesium-based alloy product.
Effects of Vibratory Disc Milling Time on the Physiochemical and Morphological Properties of Coal Fly Ash Nanoparticles
Authors: Ikumapayi Omolayo M. , Akinlabi Esther Titilayo
Published: March 2019

In this study, the mechanical disc milling of coal fly ash (CFA) produced by ESKOM thermal station in South Africa has been investigated. The present work covers the effects of milling time on the characteristics such as crystal phases, particle sizes, morphology and physiology of the powder. The produced nanoparticle powders were characterized by SEM-EDX, XRD, and XRF. The milling time was carried out at (t=0, 20, 40, and 60 minutes) at a constant milling speed of 940 rpm. The results showed that mean area of the particles of the particle sizes increased from 75 µm size to approximately 200 nm which revealed that there was 62.5 % increase in the number of particle size as a result of the disintegration of the area of particle sizes. The crystal phases detected by the XRD in CFA are hexagonal, orthorhombic, rhombohedral and anorthic. XRD analysis showed that the most dominant minerals in coal fly ash are Quartz (SiO2), Mullite (Al2.32Si0.68O4.84), Sillimanite (Al2(SiO4)O, Calcite high (CaCO3), Hematite (Fe2O3), Microcline (KAlSi3O8). It was also revealed by EDX that the main elemental compositions present in CFA are silicon, aluminium, calcium, iron, titanium and magnesium. It was established in the study that the duration of the milling affects volume, surface area, particle size, pore size distributions, as well as the microstructure
Mechanical Behaviour of Sputtered Aluminium Thin Films under High Sliding Loads
Authors: Mwema Fredrick M. , Akinlabi Esther Titilayo , Oladijo Oluseyi Philip
Published: March 2019

In this work, the wear behaviour of thin aluminium films deposited on stainless-steel substrate through rf magnetron sputtering is studied. The coefficient of friction and material loss are characterised as functions of the substrate temperature (Ts) of the deposited aluminium thin films. It was observed that due to the evolving microstructural and roughness properties of the films with the substrate temperature, the material behaviour of the films under extremely high wear loads significantly depend on the substrate temperature. The most significant coefficient of friction was observed at 60oC and 80oC, and highest material loss was recorded at 100oC. The material loss and variation of coefficient of friction were related to the morphology (porosity and roughness) of the sputtered aluminium thin films.
A Study on Determination of Optimum Parameters for Lubrication in External Cylindrical Grinding Base on Taguchi Method
Authors: Hoang Xuan Tu , Pi Vu Ngoc , Jun Gong
Published: March 2019

This paper presents a study on determining optimum parameters for lubrication in external grinding process. In the study, experiments were designed by using Taguchi technique. The experiments were set up with Oemeta Unimet AS 192 lubricant, Al2O3 grinding wheel and the workpiece material of tool steel 9CrSi. From the results of the experiments, the influences of coolant parameters on the surface roughness were analyzed. It was found that the concentration of lubricant was the most impact, the second is flow rate and the coolant pressure has little impact on the surface roughness. Also, the optimum parameters of lubrication for getting minimum surface roughness were proposed.
Dietary pattern in Adult Patients with Acute Stroke in South India: A Case-Control Study from a Tertiary Care Center in Hyderabad
Authors: Durga Adabala Vijaya , Manorenj Sandhya
Published: March 2019

Background and Objective: Diet plays a crucial role in the occurrence of stroke. But very few studies have so far been conducted with focus on this aspect of acute stroke in India. The objective of the study was to identify the dietary pattern in patients with acute stroke in South India. Materials and Methods: Patients with first-ever acute stroke (ischemic and hemorrhagic) admitted between June 2017 and November 2017 were enrolled and compared with age- and sex-matched controls. Information was collected using a pro forma. Results: Out of 293 acute stroke patients, 150 were enrolled and compared with 150 controls. The mean age was 52.3 ± 12.6; years 112 (74.6%) patients were male. The majority of them were on traditional diet that included a daily intake of rice (98.6%) and pulses (40.6%). Hypertension (73.3%) was the major vascular risk factor for stroke (P < 0.0001). Significant differences were observed in risk factors such as diabetes (P < 0.0001), smoking (P = 0.0001), alcohol use (P = 0.0017), and heart disease (P = 0.0002), when stroke patients were compared with controls. Stroke patients reported a lower intake of green leafy vegetables (P = 0.0001; odds ratio [OR] 0.17), roots and tubers (P = 0.0016; OR 0.21), and fruits (P = 0.0022; OR 0.29). There was at the same time a higher intake of red meat products (P = 0.04; OR 2.41), organ meats (P = 0.0093; OR 4.35), fried snacks (P = 0.0038; OR 2.01), and pickles (P = 0.04; OR 1.81) although the data suggested lesser consumption of prawn and crab (P = 0.04; OR 0.55) and water (P = 0.0001 OR 4.59) among stroke patients. Higher consumption of fruit juices (P = 0.0008) and junk foods (P = 0.03) was observed in young stroke patients (age ≤45 years) whereas the intake of chicken (P = 0.03) and alcohol (P = 0.0001) was observed to be more among men than among women. Conclusion: Majority of stroke-afflicted patients in South India consume white rice and dal. There is lower intake of water, green leafy vegetables, and fruits and higher consumption of red meat, organ meat, and pickles among stroke patients.
Caregivers’ attitude and perspective on coercion and restraint practices on psychiatric inpatients from South India
Authors: Gowda Guru S. , Kumar Channaveerachari Naveen , Ray Sujoy , Das Soumitra , Nanjegowda Raveesh Bevinahalli , Math Suresh Bada
Published: March 2019

Background: Coercion and restraint practices in psychiatric care are common phenomena and often controversial and debatable ethical issue. Caregivers’ attitude and perspective on coercion and restraint practices on psychiatric inpatients have received relatively less research attention till date. Aims: Caregivers’ attitude and perspective on coercion and restraint practices on psychiatric inpatients. Methodology: This is a hospital-based, a descriptive, cross-sectional study. A total of 200 (n = 200) consecutive patient and their caregivers were chosen between June 2013 and September 2014 through computer-generated random numbers sampling technique. We used a semi-structured interview questionnaire to capture caregivers’ attitude and perspective on coercion and restraint practices. Sociodemographic and coercion variable were analyzed using descriptive statistics. McNemar test was used to assess discrete variables. Results: The mean age was 43.8 (±14.9) years. About 67.5% of the caregivers were family members, 60.5% of them were male and 69.5% were from low-socioeconomic status. Caregivers used multiple methods were used to bring patients into the hospital. Threat (52.5%) was the most common method of coercion followed by persuasion (48.5%). Caregivers felt necessary and acceptable to use chemical restraint (82.5%), followed by physical restraint (71%) and electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) (56.5%) during acute and emergency psychiatric care to control imminent risk behavior of patients. Conclusion: Threat, persuasion and physical restraint were the common methods to bring patients to bring acutely disturbed patients to mental health care. Most patients caregivers felt the use of chemical restraint, physical restraint and ECT as necessary for acute and emergency care in patients with mental illness.
Concurrent Spinal Epidural Tubercular and Pyogenic Abscess of Cervical Spine without Bony Involvement
Authors: Diyora Batuk , Patil Swapnil , Bhende Bhagyashri , Patel Mehool , Dhall Gagan , Nayak Naren
Published: March 2019

Spinal epidural abscess (SEA) presents with vertebral body involvement. SEA is mostly pyogenic in developed countries, but in developing countries, tuberculosis is more common cause. Young female presented with fever, neck, and right upper limb pain for 1 month followed by acute onset weakness in the right upper limb. Magnetic resonance imaging study of cervical spine showed contrast-enhancing lesion in C2–C3 epidural region. Surgery-aided by initiation of antibacterial and antitubercular treatment based on culture and histopathological study of pus helped us to get good clinical outcome. One should always keep in mind possibility of tubercular abscess while treating cases of spinal epidural lesions, though it is rare in the absence of osseous involvement. Pyogenic and tubercular abscess can present concurrently and sending pus for culture and sensitivity is must as it plays important role in identifying dual organisms.
Prevalence of Elder Abuse and its Association with Psychiatric Morbidity in a Rural Setting
Authors: Mehra Aseem , Grover Sandeep , Agarwal Arun , Bashar Mohammad , Avasthi Ajit
Published: March 2019

Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of elder abuse in a rural setting. In addition, the study aimed to evaluate the association of elder abuse with psychiatric morbidity and demographic factors. Methodology: A total of 125 elderly (age ≥55 years) were evaluated for psychiatric diagnosis as per the International Classification of Diseases, 10th revision (ICD-10) criteria by the qualified psychiatrist and were evaluated on Vulnerability to Abuse Screening Scale for elder abuse. Results: More than half (58.4%) of the participants had one psychiatric disorder, with depression being the most common. Elder abuse was seen in more than one-third (41.6%) of the study participants. Those with psychiatric morbidity had significantly higher prevalence of abuse. None of the demographic factors was associated with abuse. Conclusion: Elder abuse is highly prevalent in rural setting, especially among those with psychiatric morbidity. Implications: Considering the high prevalence of elder abuse, there is an urgent need to address the problem. Public awareness, education, and sensitization of people toward the abuse are need of the day.
Developing Normative Reference Values for Nerve Conduction Studies of Commonly Tested Nerves among a Sample Pakistani Population
Authors: Shivji Zaitoon , Jabeen Anita , Awan Safia , Khan Sara
Published: March 2019

Introduction: Most neurophysiology departments around the world establish their own normative data. However, ethnic differences are not taken into account. Our aim was to establish normal nerve conduction studies (NCS) data for routinely tested nerves in individuals of Pakistani (South Asian) origin and to compare with Western published data. Materials and Methods: One hundred healthy adults’ nerves were assessed, using standardized techniques. Individuals were grouped into age groups. Gender differences were assessed. Results: Of the 100 volunteers, 49 were female and 51 were male. Their mean age was 39.8 years. Findings showed statistically significant prolongation of median distal motor latency (DML) and F-wave latency with age and reduction of median, ulnar, and sural sensory amplitudes as age increased. Gender differences showed consistent difference in the normal values for median, ulnar, and peroneal DMLs and respective F-wave latencies, which were significantly shorter in females. Sensory amplitudes of tested upper extremity nerves were significantly lower in males. Comparing with available data, our findings are similar to the Saudi population but significantly different from the American and multiethnic Malaysian populations. Pakistani individuals generally have significantly higher amplitudes and faster conduction velocities with similarities to South Asian studies. Conclusions: We recommend normative NCS parameters for commonly tested nerves for the Pakistani population, using standardized techniques to ensure highest quality testing and outcomes.
Shifting habitat mosaic: identification and mapping
Authors: Simioni João Paulo , Guasselli Laurindo Antonio , Silva Tatiana Silva da
Published: March 2019

The Shifting Habitat Mosaic refers to temporal changes in the spatial pattern of habitats, through the flood and dry pulses. This work mapped the dynamics of a Shifting Mosaic associated with the flood and dry pulses in the Environmental Protection Area of the Banhado Grande (EPABG). The research was divided into four stages: i) acquisition of satellite images; ii) obtaining rainfall river basin data from the Gravataí River; iii) identification of the flood and dry pulses; and iv) mapping of the Shifting Mosaic in the wetlands of the EPABG. In large swaths of flooding, a shifting connectivity is established between the AUs of EPABG, providing several interactions among these wetlands, such as nutrient exchange, sediments and living organisms. It was found that in periods where the accumulation of precipitation in the last 30 days is greater than 200 mm, we have the presence of predominantly aquatic mosaic with the presence of predominantly aquatic animals and vegetation; In periods where the cumulative precipitation in the 30 days is less than 200 mm, a terrestrial mosaic predominates, with increase of ciliary vegetation.
A Comment on Ergodic Theorem for Amenable Groups
Authors: Frej Bartosz , Huczek Dawid
Published: March 2019

We prove a version of the ergodic theorem for an action of an amenable group, where a Følner sequence need not be tempered. Instead, it is assumed that a function satisfies certain mixing conditions.
Асимптотика решений модифицированного уравнения Уизема, учитывающего поверхностное натяжение
Authors: Naumkin Pavel Ivanovich
Published: March 2019

Изучено поведение при больших временах решений задачи Коши для модифицированного уравнения Уизема
$$
\begin{cases}
u_{t}+i\mathbf{\Lambda}u-\partial_{x}u^3=0, &(t,x) \in\mathbb{R}^2,

u(0,x)=u_0(x), &x\in \mathbb{R},
\end{cases}
$$
где псевдодифференциальный оператор $\mathbf{\Lambda}\equiv \Lambda (-i\partial_{x})=\mathcal{F}^{-1}[\Lambda (\xi) \mathcal{F}]$ задается с помощью символа
$$
\Lambda (\xi)=a^{-{1}/{2}}\xi (\sqrt{(1+a^2\xi^2) \frac{\operatorname{th} a\xi}{a\xi}}-1);
$$
здесь параметр $a>0$. Этот символ соответствует полному дисперсионному соотношению волн на воде с учетом поверхностного натяжения. В предположении, что полная масса начальных данных $\int_{\mathbb{R}}u_0(x) dx=0$ и начальные данные $u_0$ малы в норме $\mathbf{H}^{\nu}(\mathbb{R}) \cap \mathbf{H}^{0,1}(\mathbb{R})$, $\nu \geqslant 22$, доказано существование глобального по времени решения и описана его асимптотика при больших временах.
Библиография: 17 наименований.
Представляющие системы экспонент в проективных пределах весовых подпространств $H(D)$
Authors: Isaev Konstantin Petrovich , Trounov Kirill Vladimirovich , Yulmukhametov Rinad Salavatovich
Published: March 2019

В данной работе рассматриваются равномерно весовые пространства аналитических функций на ограниченной выпуклой области комплексной плоскости с выпуклыми весами. По каждому нормированному равномерно весовому пространству $H(D,\varphi)$ определяются специальный индуктивный предел $\mathcal H_i(D,\varphi)$ нормированных пространств и специальный проективный предел $\mathcal H_p(D,\varphi)$ нормированных пространств. Доказано, что $\mathcal H_i(D,\varphi)$ - это наименьшее локально выпуклое пространство, содержащее $H(D,\varphi)$ и инвариантное относительно дифференцирования, а $\mathcal H_p(D,\varphi)$ - это наибольшее локально выпуклое пространство, содержащееся в $H(D,\varphi)$ и инвариантное относительно дифференцирования. В проективном пределе $\mathcal H_p(D, \varphi)$ строится представляющая система экспонент и дается оценка избыточности этой системы.
Библиография: 16 наименований.
Colonialism in the Anthropocene: the political ecology of the money-energy-technology complex
Authors: Hornborg Alf
Published: March 2019

This article sketches a transdisciplinary theoretical framework for understanding the so-called Anthropocene in terms of global inequalities. The concept of the Anthropocene has several profound implications that challenge central aspects of the modern worldview. Its relation to issues of global justice requires a cataclysmic reconceptualization of conventional notions of development, economic growth, and technological progress. The article refers to the asymmetric global flows of resources that were a prerequisite to the British Industrial Revolution to illustrate how technological systems and so-called energy transitions are not just politically innocent revelations of nature, but thoroughly societal strategies of appropriation. Contemporary observations regarding environmental justice, climate justice, and energy justice can be theorized in terms of the modern inclination to think of the economy as detached from nature, and of technology as detached from world society.
The Anthropocene, Earth system vulnerability and socio-ecological injustice in an age of human rights
Authors: Kotzé Louis J.
Published: March 2019

Despite important victories, human rights have been unable to respond effectively to the many deeply intertwined socio-ecological injustices in the Anthropocene. In particular, human rights have failed to practically address, in a meaningful way, the plights of billions of oppressed human beings (and failed to address the vulnerability of non-human beings), while conceptually human rights are proving to be ill-suited for the epistemic demands of the Anthropocene. As a trope, the Anthropocene presents an opportunity to re-interrogate the role of human rights as key mechanisms in the state's regulatory mix to address socio-ecological injustices arising within the context of a vulnerable Earth system. This article reflects upon whether a re-interrogation could be accomplished by utilizing vulnerability theory, which is an alternative approach to ethical evaluation. As a heuristic, vulnerability has the potential to inform an ontological change of stance away from a human-centred, neoliberal, and impregnably Western understanding of human rights, towards an altogether more porous and contingent understanding of the vulnerability of the entire living order as a starting point from which to critique the epistemological closures and regulatory challenges confronting the human rights paradigm in the Anthropocene.
Análise da evolução dos indicadores de desenvolvimento econômico nos estados brasileiros: uma abordagem espacial 1995-2014
Authors: Vieira Cristiéle De Almeida , Oliveira Sibele Vasconcelos de
Published: March 2019

O Brasil é caracterizado não somente pela vasta e diversa extensão territorial, mas também pelas desigualdades socioeconômicas. Constituídas por um processo histórico, as disparidades de renda e de acesso a serviços básicos representam fontes expressivas de privação à população brasileira. Destarte, o presente estudo tem por objetivo avaliar a evolução dos indicadores de desenvolvimento dos estados brasileiros no período pós-implementação do Plano Real. Para tanto, operou-se com ferramentais de estatística descritiva para perceber como se comportaram no tempo as variáveis associadas às dimensões renda, capital físico, capital humano e desigualdade. Dentre os principais resultados, pode-se destacar a grande disparidade entre as regiões brasileiras, que são ainda maiores quando consideradas as realidades para os estados.
Desigualdades brasileiras nos anos 2000: uma abordagem multidimensional
Authors: Trovão Cassiano José Bezerra Marques , Araújo Juliana Bacelar de
Published: March 2019

O objetivo deste ensaio é abordar o tema da desigualdade a partir da constatação da necessidade de uma análise multidimensional, apresentando as principais transformações captadas pelos Censos Demográficos de 2000 e 2010 no Brasil e evidenciando alguns avanços e os limites do processo de queda da desigualdade. Os dados apontam que entre 2000 e 2010, houve uma redução da desigualdade de renda corrente na sociedade brasileira. Sob a ótica multidimensional, alguma melhora nos indicadores socioeconômicos também pôde ser observada para além da dimensão econômica da renda monetária, sem que isso, na realidade, tenha representado uma transformação mais profunda do conjunto de insuficiências que atinge e diferencia os diversos estratos dessa sociedade.
Enteral nutrition; uncomplicated? Can we achieve the target?
Authors: Taşar Pınar , Türkan Halil , Gezer Zehra , Kerimoğlu Demet , Koç Adife , Kılıçturgay Sadık
Published: March 2019

Objective: Enteral nutrition (EN) is safe, well tolerated and efficient nutritional support for patients with functional gastrointestinal (GI) tract. The major problems of EN are intolerance of the nutrition products and problems of achieving the targeted dose. This is a prospective observational study investigating the nutrition related problems, solutions to those problems, and the time for achieving the targeted dose in patients who received EN in our inpatient clinic and intensive care unit.
Methods: This prospective study was made between 11/01/2015-11/01/2016. This study evaluated patients demographic findings, nutrition status, daily calculated calories (25 kcal/kg/day), daily calculated  protein dose (1.5 gr/kg/day), daily delivered calories, daily delivered protein dose, whether or not additional parenteral nutrition applied, biochemical parameters (blood sugar, Na, K, Ca, Mg, cholesterol, liver function tests, urea, CRP, albumin, prealbumin), intolerance issues, complications and EN termination reasons.
Results: Considering 2258 patients hospitalized during this period, a total of 70 patients (3.1%) were applied EN (Female/Male: 30/40, The mean age of the patients was 60±16.5 years). The average application time is 11.5 (2-42) days. Among these patients, 26 had an NRS-2002 score ≥3, and only 6 had a BMI<18.8. The rate of calorie and protein application was lower than the calculated, respectively, 37.14% and 52.8% of the cases. It was observed that 40.54% of total malignant patients were subjected to immunonutrition. There were GI tract related problems in 20 patients. Diarrhea was the most important problem during enteral support.  Oral supplementation intolerance problem was observed in 20% of the population. Hyperglycemia was detected in 35.7% of the patients, and more than half of them were between 200-300 mg/dL levels. Almost 53% of the patients had malignancy, however, only 5 of them had prescription for oral supplementation during discharge.
Conclusion: EN was performed less than required with inaccurate calories and protein intake, and immunonutrition protocols in malignant patients are not properly complied and oral supplement prescription for those patients is rarely given after hospital discharge. Additionally, product intolerance is seriously frequent, and product and dosage changes should be done more actively.
The MetVed model: Development and evaluation of emissions from residential wood combustion at high spatio-temporal resolution in Norway
Authors: Grythe Henrik , Lopez-Aparicio Susana , Vogt Matthias , Vo Thanh Dam , Hak Claudia , Halse Anne Karine , Hamer Paul , Sousa Santos Gabriela
Published: March 2019

Abstract. We present here emissions estimated from a newly developed emission model for residential wood combustion (RWC) at high spatial and temporal resolution, which we title the MetVed model. The model estimates hourly emissions resolved on a 250 m grid resolution for several compounds, including particulate matter (PM), black carbon (BC) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) in Norway for a 12 year period. The model uses novel input data and calculation methods that combine databases built with an unprecedented high level of detail and near national coverage. The model establishes wood burning potential at the grid based on the dependencies between variables that influence emissions; i.e., outdoor temperature, number of and type and size of dwellings, type of available heating technologies, distribution of wood-based heating installations and their associated emission factors. RWC activity with a 1 hr temporal profile was produced by combining heating degree day, and hourly and weekday activity profiles reported by wood consumer in official statistics. This approach results in an improved characterisation of the spatio-temporal distribution of wood use and subsequently of emissions, required for urban air quality assessments. Whereas most variables are calculated based on bottom up approaches on a 250 m spatial grid, the MetVed model is set up to use official wood consumption at county level, and then distributes consumption to individual grids proportional to the physical traits of the residences within it. MetVed combines consumption with official emission factors that makes the emissions also upward scalable from the 250 m grid to national level. The MetVed spatial distribution obtained was compared at urban scale to other existing emissions at the same scale. The annual urban emissions, developed according to different spatial proxies, were found to have differences up to order of magnitude. The MetVed total annual PM2.5 emissions in the urban domains compare well to emissions adjusted based on concentration measurements. In addition, hourly PM2.5 concentrations estimated by an Eulerian dispersion model using MetVed emissions was compared to measurements at air quality stations. Both hourly daily profiles and the seasonality of PM2.5 show a slight overestimation of PM2.5 levels. However, a comparison with black carbon from biomass burning and benzo(a)pyrene measurements indicates higher emissions during winter than that obtained by MetVed. The accuracy of urban emissions from RWC relies on the accuracy of the wood consumption (activity data), emission factors and the spatio-temporal distribution. While there are still knowledge gaps regarding emissions, MetVed represents a vast improvement in the spatial and temporal distribution of RWC.
peakTree: A framework for structure-preserving radar Doppler spectra analysis
Authors: Radenz Martin , Bühl Johannes , Seifert Patric , Griesche Hannes , Engelmann Ronny
Published: March 2019

Abstract. Clouds are frequently composed of more than one particle population even at smallest scales. Cloud radar observations contain information on multiple particle species, when there are distinct peaks in the Doppler spectrum. Complex multi-peaked situations are not captured by established algorithms. In this study we propose a new algorithm, that recursively represents the subpeaks as nodes in a binary tree. Using this tree data structure to represent the peaks of a Doppler spectrum it is possible to drop all a-priori assumptions on the number and arrangement of subpeaks. The approach is rigid, unambiguous and can provide a basis for advanced analysis methods. The applicability is briefly demonstrated in a case study, where the tree structure was used to separate two particle populations in an Arctic multi-layered mixed-phase cloud, which was observed during the research vessel Polarstern expedition PS106.
Multivariate hydrologic design methods under nonstationary conditions and application to engineering practice
Authors: Jiang Cong , Xiong Lihua , Yan Lei , Dong Jianfan , Xu Chong-Yu
Published: March 2019

Abstract. Multivariate hydrologic design under stationary conditions is traditionally performed through the use of the design criterion of the return period, which is theoretically equal to the average inter-arrival time of flood events divided by the exceedance probability of the design flood event. Under nonstationary conditions, the exceedance probability of a given multivariate flood event varies over time. This suggests that the traditional return-period concept cannot apply to engineering practice under nonstationary conditions, since by such a definition, a given multivariate flood event would correspond to a time-varying return period. In this paper, average annual reliability (AAR) was employed as the criterion for multivariate design rather than the return period to ensure that a given multivariate flood event corresponded to a unique design level under nonstationary conditions. The multivariate hydrologic design conditioned on the given AAR was estimated from the nonstationary multivariate flood distribution constructed by a dynamic C-vine copula, allowing for time-varying marginal distributions and a time-varying dependence structure. Both the most-likely design event and confidence interval for the multivariate hydrologic design conditioned on the given AAR were identified to provide supporting information for designers. The multivariate flood series from the Xijiang River, China, were chosen as a case study. The results indicated that both the marginal distributions and dependence structure of the multivariate flood series were nonstationary due to the driving forces of urbanization and reservoir regulation. The nonstationarities of both the marginal distributions and dependence structure were found to affect the outcome of the multivariate hydrologic design.
An improved method of Newmark analysis for mapping hazards of coseismic landslides
Authors: Zang Mingdong , Qi Shengwen , Sheng Zhuping , Zamora Blanca S. , Zou Yu
Published: March 2019

Abstract. Coseismic landslides have been responsible for destroyed buildings and structures, dislocated roads and bridges, cut off of pipelines and lifelines, and tens of thousands of deaths. Newmark's method is widely applied to assess the permanent displacement along a potential slide surface to determine the coseismic responses of the slope. The Mw 6.1 (USGS) earthquake in Ludian, Yunnan Province, China in 2014 has caused widespread landslides and provided the ideal data sets to conduct a regional analysis of coseismic stability of slopes. The data sets include the topography, shear strength, and ground shaking of the study area. All of these data sets are digitized and rasterized at 30 m grid spacing using ArcGIS and combined in a dynamic slope model based on Newmark permanent-deformation analysis. The application of Barton model was then applied in the permanent-deformation analysis. According to a method of inexact reasoning, comparisons are made between the predicted displacements and a comprehensive inventory of landslides triggered by the Ludian earthquake to map the spatial variability in certainty factors. A coseismic landslide hazard map is then produced based on the spatial distribution of the values of certainty factors. Such map can be applied to predict the hazard zone of the region and provide guidelines for making decisions regarding infrastructure development and post-earthquake reconstruction.
Fluid–rock interactions in the shallow Mariana forearc: carbon cycling and redox conditions
Authors: Albers Elmar , Bach Wolfgang , Klein Frieder , Menzies Catriona D. , Lucassen Friedrich , Teagle Damon A. H.
Published: March 2019

Abstract. Few data exist that provide insight into processes affecting the long-term carbon cycle at shallow forearc depths. To better understand the mobilization of carbon in sediments and crust of the subducting slab, we investigated carbonate materials that originate from the subduction channel at the Mariana forearc (
La teoría de la percepción en la Filosofía del Entendimiento de Andrés Bello
Authors: Rosales Sánchez Juan José
Published: March 2019

Este artículo estudia, desde un punto de vista analítico, la teoría de la percepción que AndrésBello presenta en su Filosofía del Entendimiento. El objetivo central consiste en elucidar cuáles sonlos elementos que componen y estructuran el proceso de la percepción. En este sentido, se procedemediante el análisis de los capítulos y los apéndices relacionados con los temas de la percepción, quecorresponden con la primera parte denominada, “Psicolojía mental”. De conformidad con lo anterior,se analizan las nociones de alma o espíritu, conciencia, sensación, intuición, referencia o juicio, eimpresión. Metodológicamente, se recurre a las estrategias y recursos que para el trabajo filosóficoprovee el análisis del lenguaje. Finalmente, se concluye que la teoría de la percepción en Andrés Bello,involucra la colaboración de una serie de subprocesos como la intuición, la sensación y la referencia ojuicio, además de reclamar como indispensable la unidad e indivisibilidad del alma o el “yo”.
Schopenhauer y las Investigaciones filosóficas sobre la esencia de la libertad humana de Schelling.
Authors: Martínez Herrera Fernando
Published: March 2019

Aunque con cierta frecuencia se ha hablado de la influencia del «Tratado sobre la libertad»de Schelling sobre la metafísica de Schopenhauer, la tradición apenas ha prestado atención a losnumerosos pero muy dispersos materiales, publicados e inéditos, que conciernen a la relación y lapolémica de Schopenhauer con dicho tratado. El artículo ofrece una exposición ordenada de talesmateriales, mostrando cuáles fueron las objeciones fundamentales de Schopenhauer al escrito y tratandode determinar la motivación última de la polémica. Asimismo, se comentan las declaraciones del propioSchopenhauer con respecto a la supuesta influencia, ofreciendo claves para una interpretación de lasmismas distinta a la usual.
Human Resources Management Practices and Employees' Performance in Bahrain Airport Services Company
Authors: AlBastaki Maryam Mohamed , Abu Keir Mohammed Youssif , Arbab Ahmed Mohammed
Published: March 2019

The objective of the research is to investigate, examine and analyze the impact of human resources management practices on the performance of the employees in the Bahrain Airport Services Company (BAS). The data was collected through a questionnaire that has been designed. The questionnaire was distributed to a random sample consisting of 346 employees representing the researched community. Software package SPSS 22, was used for data analysis. Analytical and descriptive methods were employed to answer the research questions and to test the research hypotheses. The results indicated that there is a statistically significant impact of human resources management practices on the performance of the employees in the Bahrain Airport Services Company (BAS). Finally, some recommendations have been suggested.