bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Institutional Alliances to Reduce Cancer Disparities in Chicago
Authors: Simon Melissa A. , Malin Emily L. , Hitsman Brian L. , Ciecierski Christina C. , Victorson David E. , Banas Jennifer R. , Stuart Moira , Luedke Tracy , Committees Nu-Neighbors , Cella David
Published: January 2016

A partnership formed between Northeastern Illinois University (NEIU) and the Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University sought to address well-documented cancer health disparities in Chicago by developing a collaborative research, training, and educational infrastructure between a minority-serving institution and a National Cancer Institute designated comprehensive cancer center. With a critical examination of partnership documentation and outputs, we describe the partnership’s community-engaged approaches, challenges, and lessons learned. Northeastern Illinois University and the Lurie Cancer Center engaged in a yearlong partnership-building phase, identified interdisciplinary research teams, formed a governance structure, and identified collective aims. Partnership outcomes included funded inter-institutional research projects, new curriculum, and an annual research trainee program. Significant challenges faced included uncertain fiscal climate, widespread turnover, and dissimilar institutional demands. Lessons learned from this minority serving institution and comprehensive cancer center partnership may be useful for bridging distinct academic communities in the pursuit of ameliorating health disparities.
Issues and Solutions for Collecting Biological Specimen in Longitudinal Studies: Experience from the Community Child Health Network Research Network
Authors: O’Campo Patricia , BeLue Rhonda , Borenstein Heidi , Reed-Vance Maxine , Lanzi Robin Gaines , Schafer Peter , Jones Loretta , Woolord Richard
Published: January 2016

The inclusion of biomarkers in studies of stress and health outcomes is of growing interest, including for community-based participatory research (CBPR) studies. Yet the perspectives of participants and communities have been infrequently consulted to inform the biomarker collection process. The objective of this paper is to describe the process and outcomes of using CBPR in framing biomarker collection in a study of allostatic load in a maternal and child health population. Through analysis of focus group data, we identify aspects of CBPR that facilitate increased community trust and endorsement related to collecting biological samples, and also provide a community perspective that is often overlooked in the literature. We found that a CBPR approach facilitated greater understanding among community members about the importance of biomarkers, while simultaneously informing the design of a biomarker data collection protocol that was responsive to the desired scope and data collection procedures that reflected community priorities.
How Did Zhong Ziqi Understand Bo Ya’s Heart-Mind?: Hetero-referential Aspects of Early Chinese Music Theory
Authors: Berthel Ken
Published: January 2016

This article focuses on the enigmatic musical anecdote of zither player Bo Ya and his friend and expert listener Zhong Ziqi in considering early Chinese perspectives on music’s hetero-referential and descriptive potential. Using some recent Western scholarship on description in a number of different media, the article considers whether these accounts are sufficient to explain the phenomenon of Bo Ya and Zhong Ziqi. Concluding that this scholarship is helpful but insufficient to explain the early Chinese situation, it suggests that selections from the Xun Zi and Zhuang Zi demonstrate that connections between the senses and phenomena were not necessarily expected to differ intersubjectively as broadly as they have been in the West and that Zhong Ziqi was able to achieve particular listening prowess by transcending conventional understandings of music. It is hoped that this may help scholars in framing discussions of music from the classical literature and inform our understanding of a range of early philosophies related to aural phenomena, especially music and language.
A Confucian Virtue Theory of Supererogation
Authors: Zhong Lei
Published: January 2016

Contemporary virtue ethicists have attempted to offer a virtue-based account of right action. However, such an account is faced by a daunting challenge, the ‘supererogation problem’ as it may be called. Since what a virtuous person would characteristically do is often beyond the scope of moral duty, virtue ethics seems to have difficulty in accommodating the distinction between obligation and supererogation. This essay aims to meet this challenge by recommending a Confucian virtue theory of supererogation.
Work ethics: On fair labour practices in a socially engaged art world
Authors: Enigbokan Adeola
Published: January 2016

This article shifts the conversation around ethics in social practice art from a focus on individual artist’s engagements with particular communities towards a critical exploration of the discursive practices that are bringing ‘socially engaged art’ into being as a field. Drawing from social theories of work and labour, and traditions of institutional critique in art practice, along with providing an analysis of the author’s own artistic research projects in Moscow and New York, this article addresses the ethical implications of the means by which socially engaged art is produced as a profession, or a form of skilled labour. The article presents socially engaged art as defined by particular habitual interactions, often within the context of institutions, and proposes practical ways by which to address ethics in the production of socially engaged art.
Social practice or Trojan horse? The need for an ethical framework to guide art in the public sphere
Authors: Wilson Risë
Published: January 2016

The twenty-first century has seen a burgeoning swell of artists seeking to make a difference/to engage with their neighbours/or with someone else’s neighbours/to be activists/to be urban planners/to ‘make places’ and ‘build bridges’/to connect more directly with the people who would otherwise serve as anonymous audience to their work. But among those notable ambitions, what is painfully absent is an ethical framework to guide all involved. Artists who have been doing this kind of work for generations may bring with them a personal history of being radicalized and mentored in justice- and community-based work. But an adequate compass is missing for those who are endeavouring to make a positive change, equipped with skill sets derived from MFA programmes and their personal supplies of empathy. The absence of a shared set of professional ethics, or at least a standard set of questions for all involved to consider, stands in the way of good practice and ultimately the larger goal of creating a better world sought by these artists and their projects. Exploring issues of power and privilege, collective generosity, and the full range of support needed for artists and communities to work together equitably and effectively, this article introduces a range of instances where ethics are implicated but too often are missing.
‘Strange times to be a chicken’: The meaning of a metaphor
Authors: Chyutin Dan
Published: February 2016

This article addresses Cock Fight’s displacement of the Judaic metaphor of ‘sacrificial chicken’ onto the Palestinian, and its simultaneous reimagining of the Jew as a victimizing ‘cock’. Concurrently, it discusses the problematic implications of the film’s use of actual chickens as metaphors, which subverts its anti-exploitation political agenda.
Cock Fight: The limits of psychology
Authors: Krasner Michael
Published: February 2016

This well-made, engaging film depicts the Israeli Palestinian conflict as a struggle between individuals, emphasizing the attitudes – stubbornness, pride, racism, machismo – that prevent peace-making. While illuminating key aspects of the situation, this psychological approach avoids the essential political dimensions, the all-too-real conflicts of interest, both material and moral.
Of Palestinian roadblocks: Changing attitudes among Israeli Jews
Authors: Sasley Brent E.
Published: February 2016

Cock Fight explores what happens when Israelis lose the controlling power that comes with occupation of Palestinian territory. Its portrayal of the Israeli reaction to Palestinian power – naiveté, anger, helplessness, resignation – tracks general attitudes among Israeli Jews over time, anticipating in many ways the desire for complete separation from Palestinians.
Cock Fight – A 2015 reading
Authors: Hermann Tamar S.
Published: February 2016

The article analyzes the 1999 short film Cock Fight from a 2015 perspective. It argues that in the late 1990s its ending seemed pessimistic. However, in retrospect, with the total collapse of trust between Israelis and Palestinians, the way out of the encounter at the checkpoint looks almost desirable.
Two sides of a tension within Israeli society
Authors: Kronish Amy
Published: February 2016

Israel is a contentious society with strong opinions on the left and on the right. This film portrays a tension within Israeli society about the importance of serving in the army. Could it possibly be worth dying for your country?
Spaces of transition and framed passages in a sphere of conflict
Authors: Westgeest Helen
Published: February 2016

Framed passages in Draft, such as doorways, mirrors and windows, function as barriers. They stress the unstable equilibrium between spaces and the deep senses of loneliness of the protagonists, thus underscoring both physical and emotional dimensions. In the past, painters also applied these strategies to infuse their art with layered meanings.
Draft, or saving the son from becoming one of the nation’s prospects
Authors: Munk Yael
Published: February 2016

Draft tells about the last night that an 18-year-old boy spends with his widowed father at home before beginning his compulsory military service. The situation between the two is tense, not only because of the objective circumstances, but mainly because the father tries to project his own military experience onto his son.
Trāṯaka: A case of study on seamless interaction with BCI
Authors: Chierico Alessio
Published: February 2016

Trāṯaka is an interactive installation based on a brain-computer interface (BCI). Wearing this device, the user is invited to concentrate his attention on a flame placed in front of him, in order to extinguish the fire. This work is here presented as a case study about seamless interaction. According to the feedback provided by the users, Trāṯaka stimulates two main kinds of reactions: on the one side, scepticism, and, on the other, enthusiasm. In the first case, there is a clear mistrust on the functioning of this technology. In the second case, there is a blind trust in the system that is perceived as magic. However, here, both these reactions are considered wrong. They share a basic and comprehensible misunderstanding of the system, because its interface aims to be invisible during the interaction. Interfaces that tend towards invisibility do not provide enough information about the system, alimenting misunderstandings and folk theories. In opposition, it is here discussed that design methodologies related to the ideas of Enactivism, Embodied Interaction and Material Engagement propose interaction strategies that involve the whole body-mind knowledge.
The onion pie as souvenir: The in between of writing as a space of meeting the other
Authors: Dürig Regina
Published: February 2016

This article explores the longing, the heterotopian structure of distance and proximity in literary writing. It proposes the two short stories The Red Notebook by Paul Auster and St. Martin by Lydia Davis as a starting point for the reflections on what is there and not there at the same time. The differences between the two narratives are discussed from a writer’s perspective, the distance and proximity is measured with literary means.
Fields of networked mind: Ritual consciousness and the factor of communitas in networked rites of compassion
Authors: Moore Lila
Published: February 2016

Ritual consciousness is an altered state of consciousness that transpires beyond the boundaries of the known and gives rise to a duration referred to as time out of time. This extraordinary duration encompasses three interrelated factors: digital as opposed to analogue conduct of time, tempo and communitas. Under specific formal conditions, these factors may emerge in the context of networked rituals and outside their traditional and earthbound religious or spiritual settings. In this article, the three factors are analysed in relation to the author’s networked rites on the Waterwheel platform. The rites are designed to explore ritual consciousness and produce prototype morphic fields of compassion, which are aimed at counteracting the prevalent narrative of violence. There is an emphasis on communitas, a liminal and nonhierarchical communal state of oneness that could generate compassion. Based on researches in anthropology, biogenetic structuralism, cognitive neuroscience and morphic resonance, communitas is metaphorically envisioned as the communion of non-local brains within a networked mind and morphic field. The article postulates that the virtual and organic hybridity of the rites involve the participants’ body, brain and fields of the mind in the explorations of ritual consciousness.
Undivided light
Authors: Riskin Seth
Published: February 2016

Light as a subject of thought has proved impossible to deal with holistically. Light is intrinsic to the farthest reaches of physics, psychology, philosophy, art, etc. The conceptual structures to deal with light have been quite complex, often resulting in contradictions and paradoxes, e.g., light is conceived in terms of space and time, themselves functions of light. Knowing light appears to leave a remainder. Light cannot be wholly captured by thought; the experience of light does not reduce to knowledge of light. Perhaps more than any other phenomenon, light poses problems of distinguishing between the physical object and the object in mind. The record of thought about light shows that distinguishing between subjective and objective aspects of light has been notoriously difficult and a recurrent effort, apparently necessary towards understanding light. The author argues that light demands the reconciliation of concept and experience, objective and subjective aspects; dividing these limits understanding of light. In developing a research method that combines both the semantics and architectonics of light, the author draws from his original Light Dance art form towards a holistic understanding of light that reflects mindmatter continuity.
Between division and continuity: Thresholds, boundaries and perspectives as territories of ambiguity
Authors: Capucci Pier Luigi
Published: February 2016

The Renaissance perspective represents the three-dimensional space onto a bi-dimensional one. This cultural construction, which unifies real and virtual, like all simulations, has some limitations – the main one is that it only works from a precise viewpoint that rules the illusion. When moving away from this position the illusion becomes imperfect. Similar to physics, where reality depends on the observer’s position, perspective depends on the viewer’s position. Since perspective has been inherited by photography, cinema, video, computer images, virtual reality, 3D videogames, we live in a perspective-based culture. In perception the boundaries between opposite qualities are often blurred and even indistinguishable. A screen is generally considered as rectangular, but it can be viewed as really rectangular only from its central perpendicular axis, at the crossing of the diagonals. When moving from this position it should appear as trapezoidal, but people still say it is rectangular: because they see it as rectangular or because they know it is rectangular? This threshold between vision and knowledge is imperceptible and obscure. Something similar happens with the senses. They are considered as separate entities: touch, hear, sight, smell and taste are described as distinct ways to detect the phenomenal world. But they are intermingled; the boundaries that are supposed to separate them are apparent: they are logically separable but not separate. The sensorial system is a cohesive and interrelated continuum where the senses act in synergy with each other. Continuity and discreteness, indistinguishability and distinction, inseparability and division are qualities to individuate, describe, classify and/or communicate the phenomena. These qualities are both theoretical and technical, since they depend on the general perspective of the analysis, on the goals to pursue, on the scale at which the phenomena are observed and on the accuracy of the instruments that are used.
Las galeras del corsario Alí Bitchín y sus campañas de saqueo en las costas de Alicante y Murcia durante la década de 1630
Authors: Velasco Hernández Francisco
Published: February 2016

En la década de 1630 las temidas galeras y galeotas berberiscas de Argel y Túnez recobran una vitalidad similar a la que tuvieron en los mejores años del siglo XVI. El artífice de este nuevo auge fue el corsario Alí Bitchin, que fijó como uno de sus objetivos preferentes las costas de Alicante y Murcia. Esta intensa actividad corsaria hemos podido conocerla gracias a la información contenida en la sección de guerra y marina del A.G.S., del consejo de Aragón del A.C.A. y de los archivos municipales de de las localidades costeras de Alicante y Murcia. Como consecuencia de ello, el número de asaltos, cautiverios, robos de embarcaciones y ataques a las torres del litoral alcanzó una virulencia en el Sureste español casi desconocida.
Per camins inussitats i sendes molt apartades. Contrabando de seda valenciana hacia Castilla durante la segunda mitad del siglo XVI
Authors: Muñoz Navarro Daniel
Published: February 2016

Este artículo analiza la intensa corriente de contrabando de seda valenciana hacia Castilla, que se desarrolló durante la segunda mitad del siglo XVI. Entre otros factores, la creación del nou imposit de la seda en 1552 incentivó esta actividad ilícita, que llegó a convertirse en un modo de vida en las principales regiones productoras (especialmente la Ribera del Júcar) y un motivo constante de litigio para las autoridades, incapaces de frenar este tráfico ilícito. La política fiscal valenciana y el auge del contrabando de seda a Toledo lastró la sedería valenciana durante esta centuria, ya que dificultó el abastecimiento de materia prima de los telares de la ciudad de Valencia. Del mismo modo, no consiguió resolver los problemas defensivos de la costa valenciana, hechos que motivaron la supresión del nuevo impuesto en las Cortes de 1604 y la readaptación del sistema fiscal valenciano.
Plagas de langosta en la segunda mitad del siglo XVIII en el sur alicantino
Authors: García Torres Adrián
Published: February 2016

El presente trabajo aborda las incidencias provocadas por las plagas de langosta de 1756-1758 y 1782-1783 en las tierras meridionales valencianas. Se analizan las repercusiones que a nivel social, económico y político tuvieron las mencionadas plagas con el fin de adentrarnos en cómo se afrontó este riesgo biológico, qué daños produjo en la producción agrícola y de qué manera se aplicaron las directrices legisladas para hacer frente a este insecto. La documentación utilizada proviene de diferentes fondos de los archivos locales de Novelda, Elche y Orihuela.
Guatemala y nueva España: historia de una plaga compartida, 1798-1807
Authors: Arrioja Díaz Viruell Luis Alberto
Published: February 2016

Este artículo examina las diversas acciones que impulsaron las autoridades de Guatemala y Nueva España para combatir una plaga de langosta que invadió sus territorios entre 1798 y 1807. De la misma manera, analiza las posturas que asumieron los funcionarios –civiles y religiosos– para interpretar y gestionar dicha catástrofe, y pondera el papel que jugaron una serie de hechos –ajenos a la naturaleza de los insectos– en el desarrollo de la plaga.
Uma Educação Infantil ainda por inventar
Authors: Cavalhero José
Published: January 2016

Neste artigo, serão discutidos os valores e a cultura da infância em diálogo com os princípios éticos, estéticos e políticos na Educação Infantil, considerando a criança, em suas experienciações, como autora das descobertas e inventividade de mundo, construtora de subjetividades e capaz de conviver com diferentes pontos de vista. Isso empreende uma postura relacional e investigativa da e na prática por parte do adulto, num exercício para lidar com as singularidades, com as subjetividades de todos os envolvidos – adultos e crianças –, o que significa depararse com as incertezas e imprevisibilidades que emergem a partir de um estado de processualidade das aprendizagens e transformar toda essa experiência em referencial para práticas educativas.
Base Nacional Comum para a Educação Infantil: um tema em debate
Authors: Oliveira Zilma De Moraes Ramos de
Published: January 2016

O artigo relata e problematiza questões envolvidas na definição de uma Base Nacional Comum no que se refere à Educação Infantil. O processo de construção dessa base é delineado e é exposta a versão preliminar da mesma no que se refere aos direitos de aprendizagens e à organização curricular em campos de experiências.
The Steiner problem: a survey
Authors: Gordeev E.N. , Tarastsov O.G.
Published: February 2016

For the past decade the Steiner minimal tree problem has attracted the attention of researchers in discrete optimization. A brief survey of the main results concerning the properties and algorithms of the Steiner problem in the Euclidean plane, the Steiner problem in the plane with rectilinear metric and the Steiner problem in networks is done in this paper. The main attention is paid to the recent results concerning the last problem.
Exponents of classes of non-negative matrices
Authors: Sachkov V.N. , Oshkin I.B.
Published: February 2016

A square non-negative matrix is called primitive if all the elements of some power of this matrix are positive. The exponent of a primitive matrix is the minimum power satisfying this condition. The exponent of a class of primitive matrices is the minimum power such that all the matrices of the class to this power have positive elements only. In this paper, bounds for the exponents of primitive matrices and classes of matrices are obtained.
Expansion of even permutations into two factors of the given cyclic structure
Authors: Bardakov V. G.
Published: February 2016

We prove Brenner-Evans' conjecture that, for any natural numbers k ≥ 4 and m ≥ 1, any even permutation of the group A
Line hypergraphs
Authors: Levin A.G. , Tyshkevich R.I.
Published: February 2016

The notion of the line hypergraph is introduced. It is an immediate generalization of two wellknown objects: a line graph and a dual hypergraph. We obtain various characterizations of line hypergraphs; we also obtain a generalization of Whitney's theorem. The NP-completeness of the problem of determining whether a given graph is the line graph of a hypergraph of rank r > 2 is proved.
On the number of threshold functions
Authors: Irmatov A.A.
Published: February 2016

A Boolean function is called a threshold function if its truth domain is a part of the n-cube cut off by some hyperplane. The number of threshold functions of n variables P(2, n) was estimated in [1, 2, 3]. Obtaining the lower bounds is a problem of special difficulty. Using a result of the paper [4], Zuev in [3] showed that for sufficiently large n

P(2, n) > 2

In the present paper a new proof which gives a more precise lower bound of P(2, n) is proposed, namely, it is proved that for sufficiently large n

P(2, n) > 2
Final probabilities for modified branching processes
Authors: Sevastyanov B.A.
Published: February 2016

Any modified branching process ℬ* is constructed by means of two Galton-Watson processes ℬ
Transitive polynomial transformations of residue class rings
Authors: Larin M.V.
Published: February 2016

We give a complete description of the polynomials f(x) with integer coefficients such that the period of the recurring sequence u
Some properties of the inertia groups of Boolean bijunctive functions and an inductive method of generating such functions
Authors: Tarasov A.V.
Published: February 2016

The class of bijunctive Boolean functions consists of the functions representable by the 2-CNF. The problem of enumeration of such function of arbitrary number of variables has not been solved. In the paper, we consider properties of inertia groups ofbijunctive functions in several groups and give an inductive method of generating all distinct representatives of the classes of geometric equivalence of bijunctive functions. By this method we calculate the numbers of bijunctive functions of 5, 6, and 7 variables.
On the periodicity of the sequence of states of an automaton corresponding to a given initial state and a given periodic input sequence
Authors: Babash A.V.
Published: February 2016

We introduce a formalisation of the intuitive notion of almost periodicity of elements of a finite alphabet, the measure of approximate period of this sequence. We obtain a lower bound of the measure of approximate period of the sequence of states of an automaton for a given initial state and a given periodic input sequence. On the base of this estimate, we obtain a lower bound for the measures of approximate periods of output sequences of automata modelling the functioning of shift registers.
Boolean lattices of multiply Ω-foliated formations
Authors: Skachkova Yu.A.
Published: February 2016

In the context of a new functional approach to the study of classes of groups, V. A. Vedernikov and M. M. Sorokina introduced Ω-foliated formations, which gave a possibility to systematise a wide class of formations of finite groups. In this paper, we study n-multiply Ω-foliated formations with r-direction φ such that φ
Boolean lattices of n-multiply Ω-bicanonical Fitting classes
Authors: Kamozina O.V.
Published: February 2016

We describe the n-multiply Ω-bicanonical Fitting classes with Boolean lattice of Fitting subclasses. In particular, it is shown that in this case a Fitting class is directly decomposable with the use of the set of all atoms of its lattice. Here the notion of a direct decomposition plays the key role. Therefore we study direct decompositions separately and consider Ω-foliated Fitting classes with more general directions.
Linear recurring sequence decimations with exponentially increasing step
Authors: Shishkov A.B.
Published: February 2016

The minimal polynomials of some decimations from geometric progressions and linear recurring sequences of maximal period over a finite field of characteristic 2 are studied. The step of these decimations increases exponentially.
On ω-languages of special billiards
Authors: Melnikov B.F.
Published: February 2016

We consider non-deterministic initial finite automata without final states and the ω-languages determined by such automata. For such ω-languages, we consider the so-called languages of obstructions. We define and analyse billiard ω-languages determined in a special way for each n ≥ 3 over an alphabet consisting of n letters. Each ω-word of such ω-language can be obtained with the use of infinite number of reflections of a point from the cushions of billiards having the form of a regular n-polygon. For such ω-languages, we consider the languages of obstructions and show that for any n a language of obstructions is not regular.
Calculation of NaCl, KCl and LiCl Salts Activity Coefficients in Polyethylene Glycol (PEG4000)–Water System Using Modified PHSC Equation of State, Extended Debye–Hückel Model and Pitzer Model
Authors: Marjani Azam
Published: February 2016

For biomolecules and cell particles purification and separation in biological engineering, besides the chromatography as mostly applied process, aqueous two-phase systems (ATPS) are of the most favorable separation processes that are worth to be investigated in thermodynamic theoretically. In recent years, thermodynamic calculation of ATPS properties has attracted much attention due to their great applications in chemical industries such as separation processes. These phase calculations of ATPS have inherent complexity due to the presence of ions and polymers in aqueous solution. In this work, for target ternary systems of polyethylene glycol (PEG4000)–salt–water, thermodynamic investigation for constituent systems with three salts (NaCl, KCl and LiCl) has been carried out as PEG is the most favorable polymer in ATPS. The modified perturbed hard sphere chain (PHSC) equation of state (EOS), extended Debye–Hückel and Pitzer models were employed for calculation of activity coefficients for the considered systems. Four additional statistical parameters were considered to ensure the consistency of correlations and introduced as objective functions in the particle swarm optimization algorithm. The results showed desirable agreement to the available experimental data, and the order of recommendation of studied models is PHSC EOS > extended Debye–Hückel > Pitzer. The concluding remark is that the all the employed models are reliable in such calculations and can be used for thermodynamic correlation/predictions; however, by using an ion-based parameter calculation method, the PHSC EOS reveals both reliability and universality of applications.
Is Either/Or a Religious Work or Not?
Authors: Tarassenko Luke
Published: February 2016

In this article I raise the question of whether or not Kierkegaard’s earliest pseudonymous work, Either/Or, is a “religious” work, as he later claims in The Point of View for My Work as an Author. Contra Henning Fenger, Joakim Garff, and Alastair Hannay, I argue with Charles Bellinger, David Law, Robert Perkins and Joel Rasmussen that Either/Or is in fact a religious work. After giving a definition of the term “religious,” I carry this out primarily by paying close attention to the text and secondarily by an examination of what kind of vocational approach to writing Either/Or evinces, a question which Law notes has not yet been adequately addressed in Kierkegaard studies
Kierkegaard Reception in Modern Theology: A Review and Assessment
Authors: Roberts Kyle A.
Published: February 2016

The developments and trajectories in modern theology cannot be fully appreciated or understood apart from reference to Kierkegaard’s thought. Given the complexities of Kierkegaard’s authorship, it is not surprising that his influence on modern theology was varied but profound. Recent contributions to Kierkegaard scholarship have shed much light on the reception of Kierkegaard in modern theology. This essay explores primary themes of that reception and analyzes significant insights gained through that collection of research for our understanding of the ambivalent but weighty influence of Kierkegaard’s thought on modern theology. The essay also provides a window into a variety of ways Kierkegaard was both appreciated and misunderstood by significant modern theologians, with some implications for how we can read Kierkegaard profitably today in theological discourse
“I knew right from the start that the whole thing would be damned expensive” – Gustav Klimt’s Cartoons for the Stoclet Frieze: Their Creation, Execution, and Conservation, Part II
Authors: Murr Beate
Published: February 2016

In 1905, Gustav Klimt, one of the best-known Austrian Art Nouveau artists was commissioned to decorate the walls of the dining room of the Stoclet House in Brussels, which was being designed by Josef Hoffmann. Nine full-scale cartoons on paper - designed in 1910 / 1911 - are the result of Klimt’s years of work on this project. He provided instructions for their transposition as a mosaic directly onto the paper. For the production of the frieze at the Wiener Werkstatte and at Leopold Forstner’s Wiener Mosaikwerkstatte, Klimt gave numerous instructions regarding the materials to be used and the shades of color in the mosaic. He wrote these by hand directly onto the cartoons. The cartoons for the Stoclet Frieze, 1:1 in scale, have been the subject of extensive scholarly research and have been restored in the 1970ies. During the last eight years the cartoons were subjected to another invasive treatment. This second part deals with the “de-restoration” of earlier interventions, the consolidation of media and paper carrier and the mounting on acid free honeycomb cardboard panels so that the individual cartoons can be displayed side by side without interruption of frames to form a frieze. Now they are exhibited in an eleven-meter long, climate-stabilized glass display case.
Model discoloured paper for analysis of aqueous washing and other conservation processes / Untersuchung und Bewertung wässriger Behandlungstechniken mittels gefärbter Modellpapiere / Analyse et évaluation de techniques de traitement aqueux grâce aux papiers modèles colorés
Authors: Kosek Joanna , I’Anson Stephen , Tindal Alec , Daniels Vincent , Sandy Mark
Published: February 2016

We describe trial production and evaluation of model papers deliberately discoloured in a controlled and reproducible manner during manufacture using modern water-soluble synthetic and natural dyes. The intention was to produce papers in the quantities required to serve as material for research, familiarisation and training in conservation. In the initial evaluation it was possible to demonstrate disparate responses to water by thin, low-grammage, and thick, high-grammage papers and by hydrophilic and hydrophobic papers which in real objects present very different sets of risks and require different methods to mitigate the risks. The evaluation has shown potential of model papers with consistent structure, properties and staining in teaching and experimentation which exceeded the authors’ original expectations.
A Colorimetric Characterization and Assessment of the Chromatic Deterioration of the Medieval Manuscript Registro Notarial de Torres in the Archives of the Royal Chancellery in Granada, Spain
Authors: Collado-Montero Francisco José , Espejo-Arias Teresa
Published: February 2016

Colour analysis contributes to better characterization and appraisal of cultural objects such as historic written documents, because measurements of their colour and chromatic differences may facilitate suitable assessment and control of their state of preservation. This paper describes a colorimetric study undertaken on the parchment binding and the paper leaves of a medieval manuscript notebook (1382–1400), now kept in the Archives of the Royal Chancellery of Granada, Spain. The aim of the study was a physical characterization of the notebook and an evaluation of the chromatic changes caused by its ageing. To this end we measured the colour of the binding and the pages of the document and evaluated the differences in colour between various points on the binding. As a result of this analysis we detected significant alterations in colour between protected areas of the binding, which retained their original colour, and others exposed to the effects of damaging agents such as light, humidity or dirt. These chromatic changes manifest in a decrease in brightness
Cham Manuscripts, the Endangered Cultural Heritage from a Lost Kingdom
Authors: Phan Hao N.
Published: February 2016

This article describes the endangered situation of Cham manuscripts in Vietnam. Cham are a minority people in Vietnam who used to have their own kingdom called Champa that lasted from the seventh century until 1832, when Champa was eliminated by the Vietnamese. For hundreds of years, Cham people have produced many palm-leaf and paper manuscripts recording their religious teachings, culture, and history. About 600 Cham manuscripts have been collected by institutions in France and Vietnam. Yet, there are a few thousand more manuscripts still available in Cham communities located in Central Vietnam. Most of the manuscripts kept by these communities are however in poor physical condition and urgently need to be better preserved. This article first provides background information on Cham people and Cham manuscripts. Next, it describes the current preservation of Cham manuscripts in Vietnam, explaining why these invaluable materials of the Cham cultural heritage are in an endangered situation. Finally, it briefly discusses solutions for the preservation of Cham manuscripts in Vietnam. Information used in the article is mainly based on observation from two recent field trips to Vietnam by the author.
Non-invasive Spectroscopic Investigation of a Sixteenth-Century Polychrome Aztec Picture Map on Deerskin
Authors: Stanley Ted
Published: February 2016

Princeton University Library’s rare sixteenth-century polychrome Aztec picture map on deerskin vividly portrays the conversion of the Aztecs to Catholicism during the Early Colonial Period of the Spanish Conquest. A non-invasive technical examination was conducted to identify the colourants and the species of the animal hide support used in the creation of the map. Analysis included spectroscopic techniques such as attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy. Light microscopy and UVA fluorescence were also employed as tools. Results of the technical examination found the presence of cochineal, bone black, Maya blue, which are indigenous colourants traditionally associated with Mesoamerica, and a layer of an unknown greenish-yellow dye over Maya blue to create the colour green. The examination also discovered what appears to be an orange-yellow gamboge-like substance known as American (sometimes called Mexican) gamboge, which is indigenous to Mexico and parts of Central and South America. Its plant family is Hypericaceae, which is very closely related to Clusiaceae. Clusiaceae is the Southeast Asian and Indian plant family of gamboge, which is commonly used as a pigment in Western, Indian and Asian art. The study’s exposure of the obscure substance may spur more research into its use as a colourant of the Mesoamerican palette. The paper also hopes to add to the overall knowledge of Mesoamerican materials in order to better understand aspects of their conservation and preservation.
Evaluation of Treatments for Stabilization of Verdigris and Malachite Containing Paper Documents
Authors: Malešič Jasna , Kolar Jana , Anders Manfred
Published: February 2016

Copper ions and acids lead to enhanced degradation of the paper carrier. Stabilization treatment of documents with pigments such as verdigris and malachite should therefore include addition of alkalis to combat acid hydrolysis of cellulose and antioxidants to retard oxidative degradation catalysed by copper ions. The paper reviews present approaches for stabilisation of green copper pigments. Furthermore, two recently proposed treatments containing tetraalkylammonium bromide antioxidants and alkali are evaluated. The first treatment is based on interleaving of paper samples containing malachite or verdigris pigments with papers, impregnated with alkaline buffer and antioxidant at elevated relative humidity and applied pressure. The second one is based on the use of non-aqueous suspensions of nano calcium carbonate and/or magnesium oxide particles and tetrabutylammonium or tetrapropylammonium bromide. Size exclusion chromatography is used to monitor the extent of degradation of samples during accelerated ageing, while colour changes of pigments are determined using colourimetry. Results demonstrate that effective stabilization of paper samples can be achieved with tetrabutylammonium bromide and calcium carbonate containing interleaves at 90% RH. When non-aqueous immersion treatment is applied, tetrabutylammonium bromide at a concentration 0.09 M in combination with calcium carbonate nano particles had the most beneficial effect on the paper as well as on the colour of the copper based pigments.
Aqueous Washing Treatment Aids: How to Remove Ionic Fixatives from Paper
Authors: Roller Julia , Pataki Andrea , Potthast Antje , Brückle Irene
Published: February 2016

The ionic fixatives Rewin
Interaction between N-phenyl-1-naphthylamine and β-lactoglobulin / N-fenil-1-naftilamin and β-laktoglobulin arasındaki etkileşim
Authors: Huiqing Li , Zhiqing Wang , Hui Jia , Jing Wei , Youming Dong , Zhiyue Yu
Published: February 2016

Objective: We aimed to explore the interaction between hydrophobic molecule N-phenyl-1-naphthylamine (AN) and major bovine milk protein β-lactoglobulin (β-LG) in aqueous solution.

Methods: We use a combination of experiment and theoretical calculation to study how the β-lactoglobulin and AN interact. Fluorescence spectra were recorded on an F-4500 fluorescence spectrometer. The absorption spectra of AN were recorded on a 2250 UV-vis spectrophotometer. The crystal structure of β-LG (1B0O) is obtained from Protein Data Bank. Molecular docking was carried out using the AutoDock4.2 software package. The PyMOL molecular viewer and the MGLTools are used to render the output and to calculate the distance between nearest atoms.

Results: A 1: 1 complex were found to be formed and the N-phenyl-1-naphthylamine binding site and Trp-19 residues of β-lactoglobulin was calculated to be 2.28 nm. The interaction force between the molecule and β-lactoglobulin was suggested to be mainly hydrophobic force through the calculated thermodynamic parameters of the reaction. Autodock research also further proved the interaction mode. The binding affects no conformation of the β-lactoglobulin. Moreover, it stabilizes the fold of the protein. The binding constants of oleate to β-lactoglobulin is also calculated by competitive binding experiments.

Conclusion: β-lactoglobulin, by virtue of their ability to enhance solubility and stability of AN, can provide more information about its function as a versatile carrier for small bioactive molecules. AN could also be utilized as a reference to detect the binding of other small ligands to the protein by calculating the binding constants of oleate to β-lactoglobulin as a example.
The effects of melatonin on brain nitrosative stress and energy balance in fructose-mediated metabolic syndrome model / Fruktoz-aracılı metabolik sendrom modelinde melatoninin beyinde nitrozatif stres ve enerji dengesi üzerine etkisi
Authors: Ozan Gonca , Bircan Filiz Sezen , Topal Turgut , Türközkan Nurten
Published: February 2016

Objective: Metabolic syndrome (MetS), one of the common health problems seen with increasing frequency in today’s modern societies, is also a important risk factor for neurological disorders such as stroke, depression, Alzheimer’s disease. On the other hand, melatonin is a neurohormone, has potent antioxidant and neuroprotective activities. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the possible protective effects of melatonin administration on brain tissue in fructose-mediated MetS model.

Methods: Male adult Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups (n=8); control, fructose, melatonin and fructose plus melatonin. MetS was induced by fructose solution 20% in tap water, and melatonin was administered at the dose of 20 mg/kg bw/day by oral gavage. Systolic blood pressures (SBP) were measured by tail-cuff method. After the experimental period of 8 weeks, serum triglyceride, glucose, insulin, and tissue ATP/ADP ratio, nitric oxide (NOx) and 3-nitrotyrosine (3-NT) levels were measured. Also tissue endothelial and inducible nitric oxide synthase (eNOS and iNOS) protein levels were determined.

Results: Fructose consumption increased SBP, serum triglyceride, insulin levels and induced insulin resistance significantly compared to control group and MetS model was successfully demonstrated. In comparison with control group, fructose administration did not cause significant changes in tissue ATP/ADP ratio and 3-NT levels. NOx levels did not change significantly among groups, and iNOS-eNOS proteins were not detected in any groups. Interestingly, tissue 3-NT levels were elevated significantly while ATP/ADP ratio was diminished in fructose plus melatonin group compare with both control and fructose groups.

Conclusion: These results indicate that high fructose diet for 8 weeks does not influence nitric oxide production, energy metabolism and protein nitration in brain. Nevertheless melatonin acted as a pro-oxidant at that dose when administered with fructose.
Le vase de Séraucourt: du support archéologique à l’interprétation linguistique
Authors: Dupraz Emmanuel
Published: February 2016

The present paper deals with the late Gaulish inscription of the Vase de Séraucourt and suggests an interpretation of the verbal form LEGASIT based on a pragmatic analysis of the text, taking into account both the linguistic content of the inscription and what is known archaeologically about the object, its possible uses and the context it was found in.
Et la vache devint abeille. Le jugement par analogie dans l’Irlande médiévale
Authors: Hily Gaël
Published: February 2016

The early Irish law-tract Bechbretha ‘Bee-judgements’ was mainly worked out by analogy with law-tracts on domestic animals. Several times, even the cow is used as model, i.e. the most valuable animal in medieval Irish society. The aim of this study is to understand the motivations that led the author of Bechbretha to elaborate jugdements on bees from so different an animal, i.e. the cow. This question will be assessed by examining the relationship between bees and cows in the fields of Irish diet, literary traditions and law-tracts.
A Manx sermon from 1696
Authors: Lewin Christopher
Published: February 2016

Dieser Artikel umfasst eine Ausgabe und englische Übersetzung des zweitältesten bekannten manx-gälischen Prosatextes, einer handgeschriebenen Predigt aus dem Jahre 1696 von John Woods (von 1696 bis zu seinem Tod im Jahre 1739 Pfarrer von Malew im südlichen Teil der Insel Man), sowie eine historische und linguistische Einführung und Anmerkungen. Die Predigt ist vor allem deshalb von Interesse, da sie gewissermaßen als „fehlendes Glied‟, der Sprache und Orthographie bezüglich, zwischen dem Früh-Manx des von Bischof John Phillips übersetzten Book of Common Prayer der anglikanischen Kirche und dem klassischen Manx der gedruckten religiösen Texte des 18. Jahrhunderts gelten kann, und auch aufgrund der Einsicht, die sie zum Gebrauch und der Überlieferung des Phillips-Manuskripts und des Predigtkorpus gibt.
Vikings in the Hebridean economy: methodology and Gaelic language evidence of Scandinavian influence
Authors: McDonald Roderick W.
Published: February 2016

Basierend auf der PhD-Forschung des Autors bespricht dieser Aufsatz die methodologischen Faktoren, die eine Sozial- und Wirtschaftsanalyse der Semantik historischen Sprachgebrauchs beeinflussen. Diese methodologische Arbeit wurde entwickelt, um ein klareres Verständnis der altnordischen Lehnwörter im Alt- und Mittelirischen und Schottisch-Gälischen zu ermöglichen. Besondere Aufmerksamkeit wird einer Teilmenge von Lehnwörtern im Schottisch-Gälischen gewidmet, wodurch ein vollständigeres Verständnis des Einflusses der Wikinger und Hiberno-Skandinavier in Schottland und den Hebriden während und nach der Wikingerzeit gewonnen werden soll.