bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Restoration of Debilitated Dentition in Amelogenesis Imperfecta Using Hobo Twin Stage Technique
Authors: Sajjanar Jayashree , Sajjanar Arunkumar , Benakatti Veena , Niswade Grishmi
Published: March 2023

Amelogenesis imperfecta (AI) is a hereditary disorder that displays a group of conditions which cause developmental alterations in the structure of enamel. This disorder has an adverse impact on oral health and quality of life of the individual. The correction of such severely worn out dentition may require extensive restorative treatment to achieve appropriate results. It is important to identify the factors that contribute to the excessive wear and loss of vertical dimension. The correction of the defects has to be done without violating the biological or mechanical principles. Rehabilitation in such patients improves esthetics, function, and comfort. This case report presents a systematic approach in rehabilitating a case of AI hypomature type using full mouth metal-reinforced porcelain and metal restorations.
Spectrum of IAEA Standard with Regard to Radiation Application
Authors: Anurag Luharia , Gaurav Mishra , Sanjay Dhoble , Chandrashekar Mahakalkar
Published: March 2023

Energy like nuclear, atomic or radiation can be used for destructive or constructive purposes; the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) dedicated toward the constructive purpose of this valuable source of energy. The IAEA has specific roles as the international safeguard's inspectorate and as a multilateral channel for transferring peaceful applications of nuclear technology. In practical terms, the IAEA is also seen as having roles in connection with verification of nuclear-weapon-free zones and in the context of verifying ex-nuclear weapon material. The Agency works to expedite and expand the role of nuclear energy in promoting global peace, health, and wealth. It shall ensure, to the best of its ability, that any aid supplied by it, at its request, or under its supervision or control is not utilized to serve any military goal. Today, the wide application of radiation energy seems to be in the healthcare sector, industries, food, and agriculture. The constructive use of radiation or nuclear energy is benefiting the human population.
Ultrasonography and Doppler Diagnosis in a Rare Asymptomatic Case of Renal Cell Carcinoma Associated with Renal Vein Thrombosis
Authors: Gupta Rishabh , Phatak Suresh , Varma Amruta , Badurwar Kaustubh
Published: March 2023

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the primary malignant adenocarcinoma that is derived from the renal tubular epithelium and is the most common malignant renal tumor. The peak age of occurrence is 50–70 year. Cigarette smoking and dialysis-related cystic disease are the most common risk factors. Almost half of all identified RCCs are found incidentally on imaging performed for other purposes. On grayscale ultrasound (US), they appear solid or partially cystic and may be hyper, iso, or hypoechogenic to the surrounding renal parenchyma. The tumor pseudocapsule can sometimes be visualized with US as a hypoechoic halo. Sometimes, the tumor may produce thrombosis of ipsilateral renal vein which on grayscale US show renal enlargement with hypoechoic cortex from edema (early phase) and decreasing size and increased echogenicity (late phase). On Doppler visualization of thrombus within the lumen is possible. Early diagnosis of this tumor with precise localization of thrombus extent is important for planning the further course of management. We present a rare case of RCC, without any symptom of hematuria.
Follow-up of Endodontically Treated Teeth Without Crown Coverage in Vidarbha Region
Authors: Nikhade Pradnya , Bajaj Neelam , Paul Priyanka , Sedani Shweta
Published: March 2023

Statement of Problem:

Teeth are weakened after endodontic treatment and should, preferably, be crowned, especially posterior teeth. However, this is not always possible due to certain reasons. Information about the appropriate treatment modalities. This retrospective study was carried out to evaluate the survival of endodontically treated teeth (ETTs) without crown coverage on the basis of various parameters in the region of Vidarbha in Maharashtra, India.

Purpose:

The aims of this cohort study were to evaluate the survival rate for endodontically treated molars without crown coverage and to identify possible related factors.

Materials and Methods:

Relevant data from 300 subjects for 148 ETTs was recorded at the Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Sharad Pawar Dental College, Wardha, Maharashtra. Follow-up data were derived from a clinical examination and review of the dental record and radiographs. Subjects were not included in the study if teeth had provisional crowns, definitive restorations with cuspal coverage, or with dowel and core and/or crown restorations. The outcome evaluated was defined as a failure if there were negative findings in the condition of a tooth that required a restoration, tooth repair, or extraction. Tooth loss due to endodontic and periodontal reasons was excluded. The independent variables assessed were patient age, gender, location (maxilla or mandible), the existence of an opposing dentition and adjacent teeth, remaining tooth structure, and types of restorative material. One hundred and forty-eight teeth restored using glass-ionomer cement (GIC), SF, and composites were considered successful during the observation time of 3 years because no intervention was needed in these teeth were labeled as “survived.” The teeth restored with composite were 90. The teeth restored with GIC were 14. The teeth restored with silver amalgam were 44. Out of 148 teeth were considered successful during the observation time of 3 years because no intervention was needed in these teeth were labeled as “survived.” Follow-up was done at regular intervals after 5, 7, and 10 years, respectively. At the end of 10 years, the number of teeth survived was 26. The teeth restored with composite were 14. The teeth restored with GIC were 4. The teeth restored with silver amalgam were 8.

Results:

At the end of the observation time period (10 years), 13 teeth had to be extracted at the end of 6 years and 19 restorations were repaired or replaced at 5, 7, and 9 years.

Conclusion:

Within the limitations of this study, the amount of remaining tooth structure and types of restorative material have a significant association with the longevity of endodontically treated molars without crown coverage. ETTs evaluated after 10 years showed positive survival and success in long time period. Various parameters were significantly seen to influence the outcome and thereby survival of teeth in the arch when no crowns were placed on ETTs.
A Review on Dermoscopic Findings in Cases of Topical Steroid Damaged Face
Authors: Ramapure Raavi , Jawade Sugat , Madke Bhushan
Published: March 2023

Steroids are an important group of drugs from a dermatological point of view. They are prescribed quite frequently by dermatologists in oral and topical forms. They have varying functions, such as anti-inflammatory, anti-proliferative, and anti-mitogenic properties. Locally applied steroid creams are frequently abused by patients due to their “magical” and rapid effects. The most common reasons for patients using steroid creams in unsupervised fashion are for skin lightening/brightening, inflammatory acne, and superficial fungal infection especially tinea. Steroids containing fixed dose combinations are frequently suggested by pharmacists, neighbors, friends, and quacks. Patients are usually unaware of the adverse consequences of the long-term unsupervised application of steroid containing cream. Skin atrophy, hypertrichosis, telangiectasias, steroid rosacea, monomorphic acne, and easy bruisability are the various adverse effects of local steroid creams on long-term use and have been termed as “topical steroid damaged face.” Dermoscopy is an illuminoscope examination of the epidermis and subsurface structure. It is a noninvasive technique that can be used to study the features of topical steroid-damaged skin. In this review, we have summarized the dermoscopic features of topical steroid damaged face.
Biochemical and Radiological Parameters in Acute Pancreatitis among Patients from a Rural Community of South India
Authors: Chandana G. , Surekha B. , Praveen Kumar B. A.
Published: March 2023

Background and Purpose:

Acute pancreatitis is one of the major causes of acute abdominal pain that requires hospital admission worldwide. Our objective was to find the proportion of acute pancreatitis in acute abdomen cases among the rural population and to assess pancreatic enzymes (lipase and amylase) for the severity of acute pancreatitis. By doing so, we can establish the importance of a single enzymatic marker in acute pancreatitis.

Methods:

A retrospective and observational study was undertaken on men and women of all age groups admitted over 1 year with acute pancreatitis at a rural tertiary care hospital located at the tristate junction of South India. Pancreatic enzymes (lipase and amylase) were compared based on the grading and severity of pancreatitis according to the modified computed tomography severity index.

Results:

The proportion of acute pancreatitis was 40% among all acute abdomen cases. Most patients with acute pancreatitis were chronic alcoholic men (62.5%). The common finding in abdominal ultrasonography (USG) was the enlargement of the pancreas (97.5%). There was an overall rise in serum lipase levels in all acute pancreatitis patients, especially in alcoholic patients. The median lipase levels were higher in severe acute pancreatitis than in moderate acute pancreatitis, with P = 0.006. In comparison, there was no significant difference in amylase values between them.

Conclusions:

In this study, we could conclude that acute pancreatitis is one of the major emergency conditions in this region of rural India, especially among men who are chronic alcoholics. The enlargement of the pancreas was the most frequent finding in USG among these patients. We suggest that a single pancreatic marker (serum lipase) in acute pancreatitis can be cost-effective. Moreover, serum lipase can also be a marker for assessing the severity of acute pancreatitis.
Malignant Proliferating Trichilemmal Tumor of the Scalp
Authors: Bhat Shubha Padmanabha , Kailath Minu Cherian , Teerthanath Srinivas
Published: March 2023

Malignant proliferating trichilemmal tumor (PTT) is a rare adnexal tumor with follicular differentiation. It mainly occurs in the scalp region of elderly females. It is a solitary, large ulceroproliferative lesion that can have an aggressive clinical course with metastases. Clinically and histologically, it is a close mimicker of squamous cell carcinoma. We report a middle-aged female who came with sudden enlargement of a longstanding nodular scalp lesion in the left parietal region. Incisional biopsy revealed a malignant PTT of the scalp. She underwent wide local excision of the mass and is doing well without any evidence of recurrence after 5 months of follow-up.
Impact of Hemodialysis on Left Ventricular Mass in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Gurjar Prasad Anil , Dighe Tushar A. , Sajgure Atul Dattatreya , Gurjar Ruchira A.
Published: March 2023

Context:

Cardiac structural and functional abnormalities are very commonly seen in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD).

Aim:

The aim of this study was to determine the impact of hemodialysis (HD) on left ventricular mass (LVM) over a short period.

Settings and Design:

This study was a prospective observational study.

Subjects and Methods:

Twenty-five patients with ESRD, enrolled for HD from January 2018 to December 2019 at tertiary care hospital, were evaluated. All patients underwent two-dimensional echocardiography at the initiation of HD and 3 months later.

Statistical Analysis Used:

The software used in the analysis was SPSS 22.0 version and Graph Pad Prism 7.0 version. The paired t-test was used to analyze quantitative data. The Chi-square test was used for qualitative data. Data were analyzed by paired t-test.

Results:

The mean age of the cases was 44.92 ± 13.78 years. The left ventricular end-diastolic diameter in diastole, interventricular septum diameter in diastole, and posterior wall diameter in diastole decreased significantly (3.36 mm, −1.40 mm, and − 1.24 mm, respectively, P = 0.001, S) at the end of 3 months. The LVM and LVM index (LVMI) decreased significantly (−57.25 g and − 32.48 g/m2, respectively, P = 0.001, S) at the end of 3 months. At the end of 3 months, LVMI decreased significantly (148.24 ± 41.26 g/m2 vs. 115.76 ± 34.24 g/m2) which correlates with the increase in hemoglobin (7.62 ± 1.63 gm/dl vs. 8.44 ± 0.81 gm/dl) (P = 0.004, S), with improvement in BP (systolic 141.28 ± 21.70 to 136.32 ± 13.87 & diastolic 86.16 ± 011.40 to 84.40 ± 8.36 mm of Hg) (P = 0.004, S) and with improvement in transferrin saturation (TSAT %) (30.05% ± 13.82% vs. 39.61% ± 14.32%) (P = 0.001, S).

Conclusion:

In patients with ESRD, cardiac dimensions were higher and LVM was increased at the initiation of HD. We found that LVMI regressed significantly with HD with optimum dry weight.
A Study on Stress Distribution at the Bone-Implant Interface in Platform Switched Short Dental Implants by Three-Dimensional Finite Element Model
Authors: Manchala Sesha Reddy , Rajasekar S. , Abdelmagyd Hossam Abdelatty Eid , Shon Ahmed Atef Aly , Vannala Venkataramana , Khazi Shakeel S.
Published: March 2023

Aims:

The authors carried out this study to analyze the pattern of stress distribution in terms of eqicrestal and subcrestal implant placement at various depths using short platform switched dental implants.

Settings and Design:

Modeling of the mandibular posterior molar region done with uniformly thick 1.5 mm cortical bone with an inner core of cancellous bone by three-dimensional finite element model (FEM). Implant dimensions used in the study are of length 6 mm, diameter 4.6 mm, and 3.5 mm abutments.

Subjects and Methods:

The applied force was 100N in an axial and oblique direction (15°, 30°) for realistic simulation. All models created by ANSYS WORKBENCH.von Mises stress is evaluation in both cancellous and cortical bone at various depths. Translations interpreted on x, y, and z-axis with ten noded tetrahedron elements with 3° of freedom per node.

Results:

All five position of platform switched short osseointegrated implants analyzed by FEM simulations exhibited different stress-based biomechanical behavior, dependent on bone geometry, the direction of force applied as well as on the depth of implant placement.

Conclusions:

Oblique forces were more deleterious than axial forces. Subcrestal implant placement resulted in reduced stress in the cortical and cancellous bone.
Effect of Corticosteroid Therapy on Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha during Orthodontic Tooth Movement with Self-Ligating Technique and Preadjusted Edgewise Technique and Alveolar Bone Loss in Partially Edentulous Patients
Authors: Mishra Pragya , Gangadharappa Praveen , Kusum Pallavi , Kumar Prakash , Satyarth Saurabh , Singh Abhishek , Chhabra Kumar Gaurav
Published: March 2023

Background:

The recent bracket systems are passive self-ligating orthodontic appliance systems, which have been shown to have superior load transfer toward the fibers of periodontal ligament than the preadjusted edgewise (PEA) orthodontic appliance systems. Corticosteroids have been shown to affect bone turnover, therefore, it is crucial to know if they affect orthodontic tooth movement and cortical bone resorption in partially edentulous patients. Hence, the aim of the present study was to analyze the effect of corticosteroid therapy on tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha during orthodontic tooth movement with PEA appliance and self-ligating technique and alveolar bone loss in partially edentulous patients.

Materials and Methods:

Ninety-two participants were included in the study. They were divided randomly into four different groups. Group A: PEA appliance, Group B: self-ligating appliance, Group C: partially edentulous patients, and Group D: healthy controls. The test groups were administered injections of corticosteroids, namely triamcinolone acetonide, intramuscularly in the preparation of 1 mg/kg/day each day for 7 days. Control group research participants received a placebo injection. Gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) sampling was done with Gapadent #30 ISO Paper Points according to the Offenbacher et al. technique (1986). A human TNF-Quantikine enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit was used to quantify TNF-α contents in the samples. The GCF collection was performed using the same techniques at baseline, 1 h, 24 h, and 168 h after the bracket installation samplings.

Results:

Concentration of TNF-α decreased in all groups at 1 h and 7 days when compared with the baseline. When there was a comparison between the groups, then it was observed that TNF-α decreased in all three test groups compared to baseline. The decrease was more in the preadjusted appliance as compared with the self-ligating appliance. The decrease in the concentration of TNF-α was greater in the preadjusted appliance as compared with the self-ligating appliance showing that inflammatory reaction was more reduced in the preadjusted orthodontic appliance, and the tooth movement was affected more in such appliance after corticosteroid therapy.

Conclusion:

There was also a significant decrease in the concentration of TNF-α in partially edentulous subjects after corticosteroid therapy.
Synergistic Effect of May–Thurner Syndrome and COVID-19
Authors: Rajalakshmi M , Vithiyalingam Saravanan , Mohan Reenaa
Published: March 2023

May–Thurner syndrome (MTS) is also called Cockett syndrome or iliocaval syndrome is described as compression of the left iliofemoral vein by the right common iliac artery against the vertebral body. We present a rare case of MTS in a 31-year-old female in the left lower extremity complicated after COVID-19. Screening magnetic resonance imaging pelvis showed compression of left common iliac vein by right common iliac artery over L5 lumbar vertebra suggestive of MTS. Findings were confirmed by a lower limb computed tomography venogram. A high degree of clinical suspicion of COVID-19 post sequela is needed for early diagnosis in this era.
Parental Responses About Sleep-Disordered Breathing and its Association with Mouth Breathing in their Children
Authors: Thosar Nilima , Shrivastav Sunita , Wayakar Rutuja Bhalchandra
Published: March 2023

Objectives:

The objectives of this study were to evaluate the parental responses about sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) and its association with mouth breathing (MB) in their children.

Subjects and Methods:

A structured questionnaire consisting of 10 questions was framed. Out of 110 children, 30 parents who responded to a questionnaire-based study were included after obtaining their consent. After obtaining their responses, all the questions were evaluated to understand the parental responses to associate their knowledge about SDB of their children with the presence of MB in their children. Chi-square test was used as the study consisted of qualitative questions.

Results:

Responses in order of chronological sequence received from parents for their children were as follows: child feels thirsty (25 [83.33%]), strange position of child during sleep (24 [80%]), child struggles to breathe (16 [53.33%]), child feels dry mouth on waking (14 [46.66%]), child has upper respiratory tract infections (6 [20%]), child unusually sleepy during day time (5 [16.66%]), and child appears to be more hyperactive (5 [16.66%]). Other less common responses were related to restless sleep of child and snoring.

Conclusions:

Parental responses for its association with MB in children are important to help us diagnose early symptoms; further, it can be correlated with clinical predictors to confirm the MB habit in their children.
Clinical Study of the Precorneal Tear Film in Relation With Duration of Diabetes
Authors: Hada Yash
Published: March 2023

Context:

The study objective was to compare precorneal tear film in terms of amount and stability in diabetic individuals.

Aims:

The aim was to study the effect of diabetes on the amount and stability of precorneal tear film.

Settings and Design:

This is a hospital-based, prospective, case-controlled, observational study of 1-year duration. Sixty-five sequentially collected patients with diabetes attending the Ophthalmology outpatient department/inpatient department at AVBRH were selected for the study after taking the inclusion and exclusion criteria into consideration. Informed consent was obtained from all participants after approval by the Institutional Ethical Committee of the college.

Subjects and Methods:

After enrollment of the participants in the study, all underwent a thorough ophthalmic examination. Tear film break up time (TBUT) and Schirmer test without anesthesia followed by with anesthesia were calculated.

Statistical Analysis Used:

Statistical analysis was done using descriptive and inferential statistics using Chi-square test and Student's unpaired t-test, SPSS 17.0 version and GraphPad 6.0 version software (Biomatters, Ltd. NZ and GSL Biotech, USA) were used in the analysis, and P < 0.05 was considered the level of statistical significance (P < 0.05).

Results:

Patients with diabetes showed unstable tear film. The amount of tear film measurement also decreases in diabetics. A higher number of positive test results for both Schirmer test and TBUT test were found in patients having a duration of diabetes >5 years.

Conclusions:

Longer duration of diabetes is associated with dry eye. Diabetes is associated with a reduction in the amount of precorneal tear film as well as an unstable precorneal tear film.
Catch Them Young, Watch Them Grow
Authors: Karthika B , Khandelwal Ankita , Koppalkar R. Rohit , Menon Rohit S
Published: March 2023

Anterior crossbite is one of the major challenges faced by pediatric dentists. An abnormal labiolingual relationship between one or more maxillary and mandibular incisor teeth is called anterior crossbite. The early detection of crossbites will ease the management of developing malocclusion. The current paper includes case series of crossbite which was corrected using short-span wire-fixed appliances. The sectional appliances offered great advantage over removable appliances to correct the crossbites of dental origin.
A Comparative Study on the Accuracy of SRK/T, Holladay II, and Barrett Universal II Formulas in Intraocular Lens Power Calculation of Axial Myopes Undergoing Cataract Surgery
Authors: Sune Pradeep , Sune Mona , Mukherji Ritica
Published: March 2023

Context:

Calculation of intraocular lens (IOL) power for extremes of axial lengths (ALs), using classical formulae like Sanders-Retzlaff-Kraff/Theoretical (SRK/T), is unsatisfactory. With the advent of fourth-generation formulae, surgeons are now aiming for better refractive outcomes for such patients postcataract extraction.

Aims:

The aim of this study was to assess and compare the accuracy of SRK/T, Holladay II, and Barrett Universal II formulae for IOL power calculation in high myopes with cataract by computing the mean absolute error (MAE).

Settings and Design:

This was a hospital-based prospective comparative study conducted over a period of 1 year. Forty patients with AL ≥26 mm undergoing cataract extraction were included after taking inclusion and exclusion criteria into consideration.

Subjects and Methods:

After enrolling patients and obtaining informed consent, all patients underwent a comprehensive ophthalmic examination. The power of IOL to be implanted was calculated by SRK/T, Holladay II, and Barrett Universal II with the goal of achieving refraction within ± 1 D postoperatively. Phacoemulsification was performed for all patients and hydrophilic foldable IOLs were implanted. Patients were followed up for 2 months at the end of which MAE was calculated for all three formulae.

Statistical Analysis:

Statistical analysis was done by descriptive and inferential statistics using Kruskal–Wallis Chi-square test and Mann–Whitney U-test. Software used in the analysis was SPSS 24 version andP< 0.5 was considered as the level of significance.

Results:

Barrett Universal II formula had the lowest MAE with a mean of 0.06 ± 0.20 and a median absolute error of 0.02. This was followed by Holladay II and SRK/T. While Barrett Universal II outperformed for all powers of IOL, SRK/T had lower MAE for plus power IOLs and Holladay II was better for negative-power IOLs.

Conclusions:

Barrett Universal II formula is ideal for IOL power calculation in cataract patients with AL >26 mm.
Association of Areca Nut Habit with Diabetes Mellitus and Liver Toxicity
Authors: Dangore-Khasbage Suwarna , Juneja Surbhi , Bhowate Rahul R.
Published: March 2023

Introduction:

Areca nut (AN) affects oral cavity as well as various body systems. Its adverse effects on oral cavity are widely reported in the literature. However, limited studies described its systemic effect. Thus, the present study was undertaken to evaluate the association of AN habit with diabetes mellitus (DM) and its correlation with liver toxicity.

Aim:

The aim of the present prospective study was conducted in the Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Sharad Pawar Dental College and Hospital and the Department of General Medicine, AVBRH Sawangi (Meghe), Wardha, to determine the correlation between AN, DM, and liver toxicity.

Methods:

The present study included 280 patients suffering from DM. They were assessed for medical history which included age at the onset and duration of DM. Detailed AN habit history was recorded that included the type of the habit, age at which the habit was started, and duration of habit. To evaluate the correlation of DM with liver damage, liver enzymes were estimated.

Results:

The positive correlation was observed between duration of DM and duration of AN chewing habit. The habitual patients suffered from disease at an early age (36.25 ± 7.62 years) as compared to nonhabitual (47.56 ± 4.89 years). Furthermore, there was a positive correlation between duration of disease and duration of habit with increased liver enzymes which is an important factor determining liver toxicity.

Conclusion:

A positive association was noted between AN habit and DM and also with liver toxicity.
Recurrence of Aneurysmal Bone Cyst of the Mandible and its Management
Authors: Kasatwar Akash , Patil Sandeep , Durairaj D. , Bajaj Shree
Published: March 2023

Aneurysmal bone cyst (ABC) was first described by Jaffe and Lichtenstein in 1942 characterized by the blow out of the bone seen in radiograph. 12% of the patients had a lesion in the head and neck region, of which only 2% of these pathologies occur in the maxillofacial region. It is most common in those regions of the skeleton where there is a relatively high venous pressure and high marrow content. Mandibular and maxillary molar regions are most commonly involved followed by angle and ascending ramus with preponderance of female patients. In the present case, a 52-year-old female reported to our institute with the chief complaint of swelling. Clinically and correlating radiographically, a large lesion measuring 6 cm × 2.5 cm approximately was involved occupying half of the mandible. This article describes the clinical, radiographical, and histopathological picture, differential diagnosis, and the management of a recurrence of large ABC of the mandible.
Comparative Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Sodium Hypochlorite and Chlorhexidine in One-Stage Full-Mouth Disinfection Treatment of Patients with Generalized Aggressive Periodontitis
Authors: Sethiya Kiran Rajesh , Dhadse Prasad , Bajaj Pavan , Chimote Mosami , Subhadarsanee Chitrika , Hassan Safiya
Published: March 2023

Background:

One-stage full-mouth disinfection (OSFMD) may provide more effective treatment in generalized aggressive periodontitis (GAP) by targeting tissue-invasive bacteria. The present randomized, placebo-controlled, double-masked clinical trial aimed to compare the effectiveness of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and chlorhexidine (CHX) in OSFMD treatment of patients with GAP.

Materials and Methods:

Twenty-two patients were randomly allotted into two groups: Group 1 (Test): 11 patients receiving OSFMD with NaOCl gel and mouthwash and Group 2 (Control): 11 patients receiving OSFMD with CHX gel and mouthwash. Clinical measurements such as plaque index (PI), modified sulcus Bleeding Index (mSBI), probing depth (PD), and clinical attachment level (CAL) were measured at baseline and 6 months.

Results:

Both groups showed a nonsignificant difference. At 6 months, mean PI, mSBI, PD, and CAL for the NaOCl group were 0.47 ± 0.23, 0.42 ± 0.15, 2.85 ± 0.61, and 3.06 ± 0.67, respectively, as against 0.35 ± 0.17, 0.30 ± 0.13, 3.04 ± 0.66, and 3.35 ± 0.86, respectively, for the CHX group. Using Student's t-test, patients in Groups 1 and 2 demonstrated no significant difference (P > 0.05) at the end of 6 months.

Conclusions:

Both treatment modalities seemed to benefit the patients. Although NaOCl is a safe, effective, and inexpensive antiseptic, its short-term use as a mouthwash and gel, at 0.05% concentration, does not contribute to any added clinical benefits in comparison with CHX in GAP patients. Further clinical research is required for testing the longer periods of administration and/or higher concentrations to signify whether this antimicrobial may truly be used as a long-term chemical plaque control.
A Rare Incidental Case of Asymptomatic Splenic Abscess in a Healthy Young Adult – Ultrasonographic and Computed Tomographic Evaluation
Authors: Ghanta Prasanthi , Phatak Suresh , Guru Bhushita , Harshith Gowda K. B.
Published: March 2023

Splenic abscess is an infrequently encountered condition. Diagnosis becomes especially challenging when a patient is a healthy asymptomatic individual with incidental finding of a cystic lesion in the spleen on imaging. The prognosis of splenic abscesses is better if they are diagnosed early since successful management of splenic abscess depends on early initiation of treatment. We present one such case report of a healthy, relatively asymptomatic adult with incidentally detected splenic abscess with no history of toxic symptoms.
Disinfectants for Dental Setting in Coronavirus Disease 2019 Era
Authors: Dhadse Prasad , Oza Ranu , Bhombe Komal
Published: March 2023

The introduction of novel variants of infectious viruses causes viral outbreaks. And now we are in the midst of a virus pandemic that is affecting the entire world. The lack of efficient antiviral treatments for novel viral infections, along with the infection's rapid spread in the population, frequently results in significant human and financial damage. Close human-to-human touch or contact with a contaminated surface can both transmit viruses. To prevent viral spread, thorough cleaning or sanitization is required. There are a variety of disinfectants/sanitizing agents/biocidal agents that can inactivate viruses, but their effectiveness is dependent on a number of parameters, including agent concentration, reaction time, temperature, and organic load. In this review, we will be discussing the alcohol- and iodine-based disinfectants in a dental health-care setting.
nCovid19 – A Consolidated Review with Emphasis on Oral Mucormycosis
Authors: Vikram Vignesh , Deshpande Ashwini , Reddy Vikram Simha , Pendyala Siva Kumar
Published: March 2023

The last 2 years has been highly tumultuous with the advent of the 2019 novel coronavirus disease (nCovid-19). This viral infection has been a global landmark event in the history of mankind with its standout characteristics such as high transmission rate, initial asymptomatic period, and unexpected systemic outcomes. The long-term damage of this disease is still being unraveled with a profound impact on the global economy and livelihood of millions as well. A literature search was performed with the following keywords – Coronavirus, COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, 2019-nCoV, Mucormycosis, and Opportunistic infections – in PUBMED/MEDLINE database to assimilate articles/case reports/books about nCovid19 and mucormycosis. nCovid19 data were collected from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and Ministry of Health and Family Welfare websites also. This review describes the etiopathogenesis of nCovid19, including the mutation and origin of variants seen so far. We recapitulate existing knowledge of clinical features, investigations, and treatment strategies followed. The various complications seen in nCovid19 recovery patients are also elaborated with a focus on the alarming surge of mucormycosis and mortality in post-nCovid19-affected persons.
Correlation of the Iris Diameter with the Mesiodistal Width of Maxillary Central Incisor using Digital Image Analyzer
Authors: Lahoti Krishankumar S. , Kharwade Snehal V. , Pal Pratik J.
Published: March 2023

Aim:

The purpose of this clinical study was to determine the correlation between the horizontal visible iris diameters with the mesiodistal width of the central incisor respectively in the Central India population aged between 18 and 26 years.

Background:

Can the Iris Diameter be correlated with the mesiodistal width of maxillary central incisor. If thus results obtained, the iris diameter can be used as a tool for the selection of maxillary anterior tooth in completely edentulous patients.

Materials and Methods:

Seventy Five Central Indian participants aged between 18 and 26 years participated in this study. Standardized digital photographs of the face generated from the frontal aspect were made using a digital camera. The measurements of the iris diameter and the mesiodistal width of the maxillary central incisor at the incisal edge, middle third, and cervical third were assessed with photoimaging software. The data obtained have undergone the statistical analysis by using the paired-sample t-test to compare the right and left sides, and independent-sample t-tests to compare between gender, and the Pearson correlation coefficient (r) to evaluate the relationship between variables.

Results:

A positive correlation between the horizontal visible iris diameter and the mesiodistal width of the maxillary central incisor was found in men and women. In men, the r = 0.276, 0.373, 0.378 (right side) and 282, 158, 429 (left side) respectively were found for cervical third, middle third, and incisal third region. In women, the r = 0.329, 0.415, 0.192 (right side) and 0.053, 0.469, 0.163 (left side) were found respectively in cervical third, middle third, and incisal region were found.

Conclusions:

The conclusion was that the horizontal visible iris diameter can be used as a reference point to estimate the mesiodistal width of the maxillary central incisor tooth.
A Prospective, Comparative Study Between the Use of the Proximal Femoral Nail and Trochanteric Support Plate for Management of Pertrochanteric Hip Fracture
Authors: Sharma Saurabh , Pathak Abhishek , Pandey Shailendra , Raval Maharshi , Sharma Neha , Sharma Kamal
Published: March 2023

Introduction:

The proximal femoral nail (PFN) and dynamic hip screw with trochanteric support plate are two implants used in the management of pertrochanteric hip fracture. In this study, we try to find out if one implant is better than the other.

Materials and Methods:

A total of 40 patients were included with 20 each in both the groups between August 2016 and February 2018 in this prospective observational study. All patients were recorded and analyzed for the length of incision (LoI), period of hospitalization (PoH), blood loss, time of union (ToU), duration of surgery (DoS), Parker and Palmer mobility score (PPMS), and Harris hip score (HHS).

Results:

PFN was found to have a statistical advantage over TFN in terms of LoI (6.4 vs. 14.7 cm.), DoS (70.65 vs. 105.25 min), blood loss (97.25 vs. 294.0 ml), ToU (14.9 vs. 17 days), and PoH (18.1 vs. 21.6 days). While PPMS (7.05 vs. 6.5) was comparable in both groups, HHS (90.25 vs. 81.6) was better in the PFN group.

Conclusions:

PFN was found to be a better minimally invasive implant for pertrochanteric fractures when closed reduction is possible in terms of LoI, PoH, ToU, DoS, blood loss, and HHS but not for PPMS.
The Development of Spondee Word in Garhwali Language
Authors: Kumar Santosh , Sinha Kajal , Sharma Mukesh , Kumar Vikash , Ranjan Rajesh
Published: March 2023

Background:

Garhwali is spoken by people in Uttarkashi, Chamoli, Tehri Garhwal, Pauri Garhwal, Dehradun, Rudraprayag, and Haridwar districts of Uttarakhand, India.

Aims and Objectives:

The present study focused on the development of spondee words in Garhwali language.

Materials and Methods:

The final spondee word list included 50 words. A total of 30 adults were participated in the present study. The test started with obtaining thresholds of AC and BC between the frequencies 250 and 8 KHz of the individual.

Results:

The mean pure tone average for frequencies 500 Hz, 1 KHz, 2 KHz, and 4 KHz was 10.46 dBHL, then the spondee word list was presented at the level of 20 dBSL. The speech recognition threshold (SRT) mean threshold was 11 dBHL.

Conclusion:

This study provided evidence on the quality of being especially suitable for paired words for testing SRT in Garhwali people. This test material can be used in selecting appropriate rehabilitative options and also to measure the efficacy of different rehabilitative devices.
Dental Undergraduate Students Knowledge, Attitude, and Perception of Online Learning during COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Thippeswamy H. M. , Anushree S. M. , Kumar M. N. , Pradeep Subbaiah
Published: March 2023

Background:

Due to COVID-19 pandemic globally, regular schooling and teaching were disrupted and e-learning has become the major mode of teaching and learning from the age of childhood to professional colleges. After the first and second waves of the COVID-19 pandemic, the present survey was undertaken to assess the knowledge, attitude, and perception of dental undergraduates of Mysore city, India.

Methodology:

This present cross-sectional study was conducted among third and fourth BDS students of JSS Dental College and Hospital, Mysore during the COVID-19 pandemic situation. The study was conducted in the month of September and October 2020. There were about 184 students present in both 3rd and 4th year BDS. The questionnaire was sent to all the students through SurveyMonkey. Out of 184 students, 134 students responded for the questionnaire and the response rate would be around 72.82%. Validity and reliability were assessed before finalizing the questionnaire.

Results:

Almost 90% of the students had a computer and Internet facilities and they have computer and Internet facilities. Two-thirds of the students preferred blended learning, i.e., a combination of e-learning and a traditional classroom environment, and that the assignments could be finished better in a traditional method. Regarding satisfaction, 80% of the students expressed dissatisfaction toward online learning.

Conclusion:

Although the dental students had computer and Internet facilities, they had negative perceptions and attitudes toward online learning. Almost all students favored the traditional method of learning.
Recurrent fearful isolated sleep paralysis – A distressing co-morbid condition of obstructive sleep apnea
Authors: Sharma Amrit , Sakhamuri Sateesh , Giddings Stanley
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACT

We present a case of recurrent fearful isolated sleep paralysis in a 52-year-old male of Indo-Caribbean ethnicity with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Recurrent sleep paralysis is a widely under-reported yet worrisome symptom of various sleep disorders. Although a benign condition in most cases, sleep paralysis in a minority of patients causes great distress. Some patients exhibit bedroom avoidance behavior, whereas others experience bedtime anxiety, making it difficult to fall asleep. This leads to poor sleep quality and sleep deprivation, which can greatly impact a person’s overall health. As in our case, this led to a vicious “lack of sleep” cycle where a patient who had bedtime anxiety and could not fall asleep, owing to his recurrent isolated sleep paralysis, also had poor quality sleep secondary to his OSA. This increases morbidity and has many potential consequences, which may include cardiovascular events, cognitive decline, and motor vehicular accidents. Sometimes, simply addressing the underlying medical condition cures the recurrent sleep paralysis as in this case where continuous positive airway pressure for OSA cured the recurrent sleep paralysis. One of our goals is to raise awareness of recurrent sleep paralysis so that patients can seek medical help and would not have to live with the anguish of the condition. Coming forward will also assist medical researchers in furthering their understanding of sleep paralysis.
Knowledge, attitude, and practices of healthcare providers about perinatal depression in Himachal Pradesh—A cross-sectional study
Authors: Gupta Jyoti , Kaushal Sushruti , Priya Tanu
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACT

Introduction:

Perinatal depression is defined as depression occurring in a woman during pregnancy or within 12 months of delivery. It has been associated with many poor outcomes, including maternal, child, and family unit challenges. This study aimed to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practices of obstetricians and primary healthcare professionals so that the knowledge gap could be assessed and they could be educated regarding the screening and treatment/referral of patients with peripartum depression.

Methods:

The study used a cross-sectional study design with convenience sampling. The data were collected through an online survey among healthcare providers using the Google Forms application. Submission of filled questionnaire implied consent for participation. Ethical approval for the study was obtained from the institutional ethics committee. The results were reported as mean and percentages. All data were analysed using Excel software 2019.

Results:

A total of 53 doctors responded to participate in the study. More than 98% of them were aware of an entity called perinatal depression. Around 89% of the participants do not screen patients for the perinatal period routinely using a screening questionnaire. About 90% of participants agreed with the need for screening for perinatal depression. Less than 50% of participants had heard about the screening questionnaire for the same. Around 89% agreed that all health professionals should have skills in recognising and managing depression.

Conclusion:

There is a need to educate healthcare workers including obstetricians about screening for perinatal depression, thus improving the quality of life of perinatal women and preventing complications due to untreated depression.
Adverse events following COVID-19 immunisation (AEFI) at a COVID-19 vaccination centre: An observational analytical study
Authors: Shukla Vinita , Sachan Beena , Jauhari Sugandha , Bhardwaj Shubhankur , Pathak Anurag , Kandpal Sunil Dutt
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACT

Objectives:

The aim of this study was to determine the adverse events following immunisation (AEFI) in various age groups after coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination and assess the association of comorbidities with AEFI.

Methods:

An observational analytical study was conducted among the general population who had received both doses of the COVID-19 vaccine. A total of 389 participants from the 18–44 years age group, 380 participants from the 45–60 years age group and 373 participants from the 60 plus age group were enrolled in the study after verbal and written consent. Simple random sampling was used to select the study participant in each group. Home visits were made to fill out the semi-structured questionnaire for information regarding any adverse event following COVID-19 immunisation.

Results:

Overall, 31.9%, 19.74% and 15.17% of >60, 45–60 and 18–44 years, respectively, reported any AEFI after COVID-19 immunisation. The severity of AEFI was more among the 18–44 years age group (66.1%) followed by 45–60 years (30.67%) and less among the older one, that is, >60 years. Fever and pain with inflammation at the injection site were the most common AEFI reported after any dose. There was no association of comorbidity with the severity of AEFI.

Conclusion:

Since the AEFI reported are very less, most of them were of a minor type and were general immunogenic reactions of any vaccine. Hence the COVID-19 vaccines are very safe, and uptake should be high among all the recommended age groups to combat the severity of the COVID-19 disease.
Palatal swelling
Authors: Patait Mahendra , Chaudhari Vishakha , Durugkar Mrunmayee , Thakare Ashwin , Shetty Arjun , Tupsakhare Suyog , Mangrolia Rajan
Published: March 2023

Pleomorphic adenoma is a most common benign neoplasm of salivary glands that has the epithelial as well as the mesenchymal elements. The World Health Organization in 1972 defined pleomorphic adenoma as a “well-defined tumor characterized by its pleomorphic or mixed appearance.” There is intermixing of the clearly identified epithelial components with mucoid, myxoid, and chondroid components. Pleomorphic adenoma most commonly arises in the parotid or submandibular gland and infrequently occurs in minor salivary glands and presents as intraoral swellings on the palate or lip. The tumor shows a malignant transformation rate of about 9%, and a high recurrence rate has been reported. This case report highlights the clinical, radiological, and histopathological presentation of pleomorphic adenoma.
Rhino-orbital-cerebral mucormycosis
Authors: Srivastava Madhumita , Vishal Gaurav
Published: March 2023

Mucormycosis is a fungal infection typically affecting diabetic or immunocompromised patients. Very few cases have been reported in the literature in the past but multiple studies have shown that it is increasing, especially in this COVID era. It is highly invasive in nature hence early diagnosis is obligatory. Radiological imaging plays an important role in its diagnosis and to evaluate the extent of disease, in turn facilitating timely intervention. The objective of this clinical report is to evaluate a case of rhino-orbital-cerebral mucormycosis that involved the medical and surgical treatment of an immunocompromised male patient. In this interventional case study, a comprehensive evaluation of presenting features and imaging diagnostic evaluation are discussed in detail.
Prescription practices related to maintenance intravenous fluid in children
Authors: Harish Kamlesh , Gupta Garima , Kumar Deepak , Pemde Harish Kumar , Roychoudhari Snehanshu
Published: March 2023

Background:

Maintenance intravenous fluids (IVFs) play a key role in patient management. However, the type of fluids that has to be used should be prudently selected. Past surveys depict the tendency of residents to prescribe hypotonic fluids, following the traditional practice. The increased incidence of hyponatremia has been reported with the use of hypotonic fluids. The study was conducted to investigate the composition and volume of maintenance IVFs prescribed by pediatricians in various clinical settings.

Subjects and Methods:

A predesigned questionnaire was generated online and distributed via E-mail to pediatricians from teaching institutes, general hospitals, and private clinics. Different clinical scenarios were created, and respondents were asked the composition and volume of IVFs to be prescribed.

Results:

A total of 438 responses were analyzed. Hypotonic fluids for maintenance therapy were selected by 47% of respondents irrespective of patient's age and clinical condition, whereas 83% opted for hypotonic fluids for infants <2 months, and half of them prescribed very hypotonic fluids in these infants. Isotonic fluids were considered significant in central nervous system infections, head trauma, and as an initial fluid for the management of shock. Variability is evident for the preference of hypotonic versus isotonic fluids and is affected by the clinical position, experience, and workplace of the respondents.

Conclusions:

The outcome of this survey portrays that the participants are not well aware of the fluid management protocols for children. Formulation of universal guidelines and their implementation is required as the priority to overcome this uncertainty to provide the best care to pediatric patients.