bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Research and design of automatic alternation between constant‐current and constant‐voltage modes on the secondary side in wireless charging systems
Authors: Ji Li , Wang Lifang , Liao Chenglin , Li Shufan , Ma Jing
Published: January 2020

During wireless charging, the constant‐current (CC) mode must be quickly and stably changed to constant‐voltage (CV) mode to ensure battery safety. This switch often requires communication between the primary side and the secondary side along with complex control methods on the primary side. The authors propose a method for automatically and rapidly switching from CC mode to CV mode by changing the resonant compensation network on the secondary side without requiring communication or any complex control processes. Additionally, a method for designing the parameters of the secondary side is presented to ensure battery voltage stability at the transition point. By examining two examples of revised circuitry for the different power levels needed in industry applications, the proposed design methods are analysed and verified, two sets of experiments with a 20 cm coil spacing are conducted, and two systems with output powers of 1 and 2.7 kW and average efficiencies of 90.8 and 93% are implemented. Experimental results show that as the load varies, the output current and voltage obtained using the proposed methods essentially remain constant. In addition, the process of changing from CC mode to CV mode is stable, which satisfies battery‐charging requirements.
Taguchi's robust design optimisation of water‐cooled ISG motors considering manufacturing tolerances
Authors: Kim Kyu‐Seob , Lee Byeong‐Hwa
Published: January 2020

Electrical machines are widely used as a driving source for various applications because of their wide speed range, high efficiency, and torque density. Similar to any other machine, manufacturing tolerances occur when mass producing the motors. In particular, the tolerances of the shape of the motor or the residual flux density in the permanent magnet significantly affect the back‐electromotive force (EMF), inductance etc. When the magnitude of the back‐EMF is changed, the armature current must be changed to obtain the same torque. This consequently affects the loss of the motor, and hence leads to changes in efficiency. In particular, the loss changes cause thermal problems such as irreversible demagnetisation of the magnets and dielectric breakdown due to the increase in the temperature of the coils. Therefore, to reduce the inevitable manufacturing tolerance, a robust methodology should be assured. Here, the Taguchi's robust design is applied to an integrated starter‐generator motor by using the signal‐to‐noise ratio to consider the coil temperature.
FPGA‐based hardware‐in‐the‐loop real‐time simulation implementation for high‐speed train electrical traction system
Authors: Guo Xizheng , Tang Yiguo , Wu Mingkang , Zhang Ziyu , Yuan Jiaqi
Published: January 2020

The hardware‐in‐the‐loop (HIL) real‐time simulation for high‐speed train electrical traction system aims to reduce the design cost and speed up control verification process of algorithms in the developmental stage of the traction control unit. In this study, based on the dSPACE real‐time simulator, the multiple‐simulator, multiple‐simulation step of HIL real‐time simulation system is first built. Second, for the associated discrete circuit modelling method, an optimisation method is proposed to minimise the switching loss and improve the simulation accuracy by selecting the optimal discrete‐time switch admittance parameter, GS. To decrease the computational burden for field‐programmable gate array (FPGA), a decoupling method without simulation latency is presented to reduce the matrix dimension of the system model. Finally, the real‐time simulation models of electrical traction system are realised by CPU + FPGA‐based simulator, in which the power electronics converter models are computed in FPGA with a fixed 100 ns time‐step. The validity and reliability of the real‐time simulation system is verified by the HIL simulation and experimental results, which indicate that the real‐time HIL simulation at the nanosecond level improves the accuracy essentially.
Passive coherent multistatic SAR using spaceborne illuminators
Authors: Nithirochananont Ussanai , Antoniou Michail , Cherniakov Mikhail
Published: January 2020

This study shows the methodology of experimentation and experimental results on coherent passive multistatic synthetic aperture radar (SAR) using global navigation satellite systems as transmitters of opportunity. An experimental campaign at the proof of concept level was conducted using transmission from two satellite apertures and a fixed receiver, to emulate a coherent multistatic SAR acquisition. The acquired signals from a point‐like source as well as an extended target area were analysed in terms of their k‐space support, and then coherently combined to improve spatial resolution. The obtained multistatic results from both experiments confirm that a coherent combination of SAR images with such a system is possible and improves the overall system performance.
Decoupled narrowband robust adaptive beamforming based on the ADMM in a noisy channel
Authors: Su Yuyu , Wang Tong , Lin Xuefang
Published: January 2020

The performance of adaptive beamforming suffers from the imprecise knowledge of the array or signal of interest. Many efforts have been made to develop various beamformers and increase their robustness to these unknown errors. This study proposes a new robust adaptive beamformer based on the alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM). The proposed method is introduced first as an optimisation problem to estimate the steering vector (SV). Owing to its non‐convex property, it is converted to a real‐valued condition problem by introducing auxiliary variables. Then, the optimisation problem is reformulated as the augmented Lagrangian function. Finally, the estimated SV can be solved by the ADMM. Numerical results prove the effectiveness of the proposed method.
IPDDF: an improved precision dense descriptor based flow estimation
Authors: Eng Weiyong , Koo Voonchet , Lim Tiensze
Published: January 2020

Large displacement optical flow algorithms are generally categorised into descriptor‐based matching and pixel‐based matching. Descriptor‐based approaches are robust to geometric variation, however they have inherent localisation precision limitation due to histogram nature. This work presents a novel method called improved precision dense descriptor flow (IPDDF). The authors introduce an additional pixel‐based matching cost within an existing dense Daisy descriptor framework to improve the flow estimation precision. Pixel‐based features such as pixel colour and gradient are computed on top of the original descriptor in the authors' matching cost formulation. The pixel‐based cost only requires a light‐weight pre‐computation and can be adapted seamlessly into the matching cost formulation. The framework is built based on the Daisy Filter Flow work. In the framework, Daisy descriptor and a filter‐based efficient flow inference technique, as well as a randomised fast patch match search algorithm, are adopted. Given the novel matching cost formulation, the framework enables efficiently solving dense correspondence field estimation in a high‐dimensional search space, which includes scale and orientation. Experiments on various challenging image pairs demonstrate the proposed algorithm enhances flow estimation accuracy as well as generate a spatially coherent yet edge‐aware flow field result efficiently.
Analysis of the first overtone bands of isotopologues of CO and SiO in stellar spectra
Authors: Pavlenko Yakiv V. , Yurchenko Sergei N. , Tennyson Jonathan
Published: January 2020

Context.This study is based on models of the first overtone (Δv= 2) bands of the monosubstituted isotopologues of CO at 2.3μm in the spectrum of Arcturus (K2 III) and of the monosubstituted isotopologues of SiO at 4μm in the spectrum of the red giant HD 196610 (M6 III).

Aims.We aim to investigate problems involving the computation of the first overtone bands of isotopologues of CO and SiO in the spectra of late-type stars and to determine isotopic abundances.

Methods.We used fits of theoretical synthetic spectra to the observed stellar molecular bands of CO and SiO for determining the abundances for isotopes of C, O, and Si.

Results.Fits of synthetic spectra of the12C16O first overtone bands at 2.3μm computed with three available line lists to the observed spectrum of Arcturus provide the same carbon abundance [C] = − 0.6 and isotopic ratio of carbon12C/13C = 10 ± 2. However, the quality of fits to the observed spectrum differ for three line lists used. Furthermore, the derived oxygen isotopic ratio16O/18O = 2000 ± 500 is larger than that known in the solar system, where16O/18O = 500. The silicon isotopic ratio in the atmosphere of the red giant HD 196610 has been revised. Using the ExoMol SiO line list with appropriate statistical weights for the SiO isotopologues, the “non-solar” ratio28Si:29Si:30Si = 0.86 ± 0.03:0.12 ± 0.02:0.02 ± 0.01 is obtained.

Conclusions.We find that: (a) the computed isotopic carbon and silicon ratios determined by the fits to the observed spectrum depend on the adopted abundance of C and Si, respectively; and (b) Correct treatment of the nuclear spin degeneracies parameter is of crucial importance for today’s application of HITRAN and ExoMol line lists in the astrophysical computations.
Mobility of Polyethylene Glycol-Modified Urethane Acrylate (PMUA) Nanoparticles in Soils
Authors: Tungittiplakorn Warapong , Kongbua Viranart , Tulaphan Anyamanee , Kaewtawee Kannika
Published: January 2020

Engineered nanoparticles (ENPs) have been reported for their potential to enhance in situ soil remediation due to their size and stability in water. These properties allow them to pass through soils with minimal loss in soil flushing or pump-and-treat process. The success of nanoparticle-facilitated soil flushing depends on the mobility of nanoparticles in the soil matrix. However, organic carbon content and soil texture can affect the mobility of nanoparticles in soils. This study compared the mobility of polyethylene glycol-modified urethane acrylate (PMUA) nanoparticles in three types of soils with varying organic contents. The results of two consecutive injection experiments showed that the recovery of injected nanoparticles through a soil column were 91 and 97% for sandy soil with carbon content of 0.01%, 81 and 85% for clay loam soil with organic carbon content of 1.20% and 67 and 73% for clay soil with organic carbon content of 3.25%. Furthermore, the batch experiments showed that the distribution coefficient (Kd) of PMUA nanoparticles between water and sandy soil, clay loam soil, and clay soil were 1.86, 2.34 and 3.01 mL/g, respectively. This conforms to the column experiment results and confirms that the increase in organic carbon content in soils increases the adsorption of PMUA nanoparticles, and therefore decreases the mobility of the nanoparticles through soils. Moreover, the distribution coefficient from batch experiments could be used to predict the mobility of PMUA nanoparticles in soils, and the viability of in situ PMUA-facilitated soil flushing method for specific contaminated soils.
Criteria Analysis of Food Safety using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) - A Case study of Thailand’s Fresh Markets
Authors: Chaiyaphan Chewaphorn , Ransikarbum Kasin
Published: January 2020

Safety of food in the fresh market has been a critical issue for many countries, including Thailand. In this study, data related to the criteria pertaining to food safety in selected fresh markets in Thailand are collected and analyzed using selective analytical methods to understand the perspectives of stakeholders in food safety system. In particular, our study considered 2 methodologies in the analysis-1) Mixed Method Research based on questionnaires and interviews with an aim to analyze stakeholders’ behaviours and 2) Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), one of the Multi Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) tools, with an aim to analyze criteria weights for food safety. Our case study was conducted at two fresh markets in Ubonratchathani province in Thailand: Municipal Market and Donklang Market, by collecting samples of vendors and consumers. It was found that vendors considered rental arrangement as the most important factor with weight 0.5489 (54.8 percent), whereas consumers concerned with the market building and related environment the most with criterion’s weight 0.2480 (24.80 percent). This initial result can be used for further analysis of fresh market layout and design, subject to viewpoints of stakeholders.
Effect of Oatmeal as a Fat Replacer on Physical Properties and Sensory Acceptance of Creamy Salad Dressing
Authors: Sumonsiri Nutsuda , Panjun Benjaporn , Naksuk Supanna , Boonmawat Sarisara , Mukprasirt Amornrat , Phasuthan Pattama
Published: January 2020

Overconsumption of fat leads to cardiovascular diseases and other health problems; therefore, consumers prefer diets with high fiber and low fat content for their healthy weight management. Fat replacers can be potentially applied in several foods but they can affect appearance, texture, rheology, and flavor of emulsion products. This research aimed to study the effect of oatmeal as a fat replacer on creamy salad dressing (53.39%(w/w) refined soybean oil, 20.20%(w/w) sweetened condensed milk, 12.99% (w/w) distilled vinegar, 8.08%(w/w) egg yolk, 4.33%(w/w) refined sugar, 0.58%(w/w) iodized salt, and 0.43%(w/w) mustard). The oatmeal was used to partially replace soybean oil in the product at 3.61, 7.22, 10.82, 14.43, 18.04, and 21.65%(w/w). After preparation, fat content, protein content, apparent viscosity, and sensory acceptance of control and fat-reduced samples were evaluated. Fat replacing with oatmeal led to decreasing of fat content but increasing of protein content and apparent viscosity. At 21.65% fat replacement, there was 33.13% fat reduction compared to the control sample. In sensory evaluation by 30 untrained panelists, reduced-fat creamy salad dressing had the same or higher acceptance scores in appearance, color, texture, aftertaste, and overall acceptance. Oatmeal can be an alternative fat replacer in reduced-fat creamy salad dressing.
Application of Gelatin Derived from Waste Tilapia Scales to an Antibiotic Hydrogel Pad
Authors: Wonganu Benjamaporn
Published: January 2020

The main purpose of this research is to optimize the process to change useless fish scales to be a hydrogel that can be used as drug-loaded materials. The results of morphological structure of the extracted gelatin powders derived from Tilapia scales using lime juice as natural acid in the extraction process showed appropriated like-polymer structure. The diffractogram pattern acquired on the pure gelatin powder were typical of a partially crystalline gelatin with a sharp peak with low intensity located at 2θ = ~7° and a broad peak located at 2θ = ~19°. This data can be confirmed the structure of the triple-helical crystalline structure in gelatin in the extracts. Chemical bonding analysis using FTIR revealed no difference in structure bonding between gelatin extracted from using synthetic acid and using natural acid. The hydrogel pads were fabricated based on using gelatin powder extracted from tilapia scales with natural acid and using CMC as cross-linking substance. This formulated hydrogel pad hold 10%-30% (v/w) of Thai herbal plai formula for pain and inflammatory treatment. The percent volume of Thai herbal plai was calculated to weight of extracted fish gelatin powder that was used in the hydrogel formulation. The maximum of 30% (v/w) can be added into the hydrogel pad and it showed the inhibition of Escherichia coli growth. This natural hydrogel could be a promising candidate to be used as natural medical gel bandages for people who have an allergy to general paper or plastic bandages.
Perception of selected sportswear brands with emphasis on expected benefits and features as prerequisite for customer satisfaction
Authors: Janoskova Katarina , Kral Pavol
Published: January 2020

Brand management has an important role in strengthening the loyalty of current customers as well as in attracting new customers. The product brand largely influences consumer buying behaviour. Many customers prefer branded products to non-branded goods in general, while others prefer branded products only when buying some kinds of products. This research is focused on analysis of perception of selected brands of sportswear (Nike, Adidas, Reebok, Under Armour, Puma, Asics, Umbro, Fila, Crivit, Quiksilver) by Slovak customers with an emphasis on expected benefits and features that are expected after buying preferred sportswear brand. The aim of research is to analyse the relationship between selected socio-demographic characters of Slovak citizens (age, gender, economic status, net monthly income, education) and their expected benefits of selected sportswear brands (happiness, lifestyle, attention, finding friend, increasing of social status). The relationship between selected factors was tested on a sample of 2002 respondents from Slovak republic. Information on perception of sportswear brand has been obtained through a survey. The results of the survey were evaluated using appropriate mathematical-statistical methods (correlation analysis, testing of statistical hypotheses). The assumption of a significant impact of the socio-demographic characteristics of the respondents on the expected benefits was confirmed partially.
Culture in the global economy: features of cultural goods on the threshold of a knowledge economy and increasing the country′s competitiveness
Authors: Koltsova Anna , Alpatov Gennady , Volkova Anna
Published: January 2020

The purpose of the article is to identify and analyze the problem areas of formation of values of cultural objects and further positioning of the territories in which they are located. Nowadays, approaches to the competitiveness of a market entity operating in the global economy have been changing dramatically due to the fact, that business has increased its role in a post-industrial society. The importance of marketing, especially in the field of culture, is considerably enhanced by the dominance of imperceptible assets inherent in the knowledge economy. However, the use of marketing involves taking into account the specifics of cultural practices. These practices manifest themselves at the level of understanding the nature of the cultural product as well as at pricing, promotion methods and mechanisms of distribution of cultural products to target consumer markets. The article uses the methodology of breakthrough positioning based on modified Cagan–Vogel maps and shows that since the culture is the “sphere of presence” of public interest, art objects cause growing competitiveness of territories where they are exhibited. The article substantiates the need for state participation in promoting cultural goods.
Application of Chosen Fraudulent Detection Technique in the Slovak Business Environment
Authors: Kramarova Katarina , Valaskova Katarina
Published: January 2020

The paper analyses the possibility of applying chosen fraudulent detection technique in the condition of Slovakia and then evaluates its explanatory power. The authors based on the idea that in addition to positive effects of globalization, negative effects on the activity of economic entities are also manifestations of this process. As the society has become more dependent on information technologies, increased globalisation and greater interconnectedness, certain exposure to negatives has expanded right along with them. One of this negative effect is clearly a financial crime of various type, including fraudulent financial reporting. The financial statements should “describe” factually and truthfully the financial and economic health of a company because it is the main sources of information for various type of stakeholders. Handling of it (considering in the context of financial crime) is primary the responsibility of owners or managers (provided the separation of the ownership structure from the management structure). Reasons for doing so are different. Their common denominator is the artificial creation of information asymmetry to obtain different “benefits”. It is therefore logical that the need for constructing techniques that would reveal an unacceptable legal action by a company in a financial reporting process is at the forefront.
Developing coaching skills of managers in global context
Authors: Seemann Peter , Stofkova Zuzana , Binasova Vladimira
Published: January 2020

Globalization leads to a more connected world with farreaching impact on production arrangements, international trade, foreign investment and economic growth. This paper deals with the application of coaching skills of managers in a global context, which influences the style of managerial leadership after completing their development courses. Managers use different styles of leadership, but they give people more space and self-realization than to manage them in a directive-based and order-based manner. These reasons support innovation and creative thinking of employees. The first section focuses on specific management styles, methods of employee education and development and survey of the literature. The case study in selected company deals with the survey, the subsequent evaluation of the exploratory results and the expression of proposals and recommendations. The results showed that the implementation of coaching positively affects not only the managerial style but also the whole company. For managers, interest in their people has grown and a new corporate culture has emerged in many companies. Responses of managers show that they are more likely to handle tense situations, smaller groups, seek solutions, and give employees more space. With the coaching approach, they are relieved of routine problems and have more trust in subordinates.
Globalization and perception of tourism trends by supply and demand
Authors: Pellešová Pavlína
Published: January 2020

The article deals with the development of trends in tourism, specified by selected authors, who describe trends. The aim of the paper is to compare trends in supply and demand. In the field of supply, we focused on the view of tourism business. Within the institutional support project Tourism Trends in the Moravian-Silesian Region, the impact of globalization on trends, both on the demand side and on the supply side, was analysed. Following methods were used: analysis, comparison, interview, questionnaire survey. The research revealed that most of the customers are affected by globalization, about half of the customers use the Internet to select and purchase travel agency services, one fifth use discount portals. Customers have also focused most on the following holiday trends: finding new experiences, active and adventurous trips, discovering unique places, gastronomic tourism, sightseeing and cycling. Based on the comparison of trends from the perspective of customers, travel agencies and the description of trends from the Tourism Management Strategy in the MSR 2017, it was found that traditional tourism, urban, cognitive and creative tourism, rural tourism, spa tourism are considered dominant, along with growing interest in gastronomic tourism, extreme experiences and adventure tours.
Leading and education of talented employees as one of the major impacts of globalization on human resources management
Authors: Tomcikova Luba , Coculova Jana
Published: January 2020

Human resources and knowledge play an important role in the today’s fast-changing world. Human resource optimization is achieved when human resources are aligned with key organizational initiatives to maximize business performance. Talented people are the future of every business. Leading and developing the potential of talented employees should be on the agenda of every modern business. Businesses that know what globalization brings try to attract talented people as talented people are playing an increasingly important role in all sectors, thus confirming that talent management is becoming the fastest growing global human resource management trend. Many businesses realize that they must relocate their business, sometimes even across borders, to succeed. Working with talent must be a top priority for businesses, as talent needs to be constantly developed and managed. The aim of the paper is to define the basic concepts related to the acquisition, management and development of talents at the theoretical level and to point out the importance of talent management as it is becoming an important global trend. Based on the survey we carried out and literature available, the main objective of the paper is to identify key roles and responsibilities that talented employees take upon, to specify a set of requirements placed upon talented employees and to identify factors determining the ability of a business to attract talents.
Social business as a development factor in the region with global overhead
Authors: Varvazovska Pavla , Regnerova Olga
Published: January 2020

The social economy is an integral part of the national economy and, as its third sector, carries out economic activities with a social and environmental objective. Social entrepreneurship can be seen as a business activity that thrives on society and the environment. This fact is very important for both local development and global dimension and impact. The main objective of the paper is to propose the possibility of social entrepreneurship as a factor for the development of the region with the aim of sustainable development while respecting the principles of regional and global politics. The results are interpreted on the basis of both quantitative and qualitative surveys and the information obtained will be used to suggest potential social entrepreneurship in the region’s development. The recommendations are formulated in favor of promoting the social enterprise sector, which has not only a regional impact, but also a global overlap.
Global Financial Derivatives Market Development and Trading on the Example of Ukraine
Authors: Abuselidze George , Reznik Nadiia , Slobodianyk Anna , Prokhorova Victoria
Published: January 2020

Stock market of financial derivatives in Ukraine still develops. There is important to find the way how to use world experience for the domestic implementation. First of all there is a need to improve of legislative base to ensure economic and financial stability. The next way of integration process for domestic stock market of financial derivatives is stock consolidation. Before implementation of foreign experience on the stock market of Ukraine it is important to take into account of all risks which are connected with this process. This research shows appropriate steps for integration of Ukrainian stock market of financial derivatives into global scale. The article identifies the economic essence of derivatives and their types within market economy. Key trends in global derivatives trading are highlighted. Current state and organizational measures of derivatives market development in Ukraine are discussed. Price risk has become the main feature of contemporary commodity and financial markets. Globalization of world commodity and financial markets leads to rapid changes and uncertain business conditions. Under current circumstances, derivatives market provides efficient ways for price risk hedging within market economy. That is why it is important to take into consideration the contemporary state and perspectives of derivatives market in Ukraine.
Company bankruptcy and its prediction in conditions of globalization
Authors: Adamko Peter , Chutka Jan
Published: January 2020

The internationalisation and globalisation of today’s world, especially in business, brings whole new range of opportunities, challenges and also many kinds of risks. Today´s global market in process of globalization offers many different ways of doing business and also whole new ranges of methods how to analyse optimize and also minimize it´s risks. The issue of bankruptcy models is still relevant given by the high competition in the markets and the increasingly frequent crises. Not only in the world, but also in our country, we can see a huge number of bankruptcies of businesses. If the company wants to thrive and successfully compete in the market environment, it should conduct a regular financial analysis of its activities, evaluate successes and failures, and use the results obtained to make strategic decisions about future business development. The aim of the article is to examine the possibilities of predicting the bankruptcy of companies and describe their individual procedures. In the first part of the paper we defined the terms such as insolvency, decline of company and bankruptcy. We continue with a brief overview of the development of bankruptcy models from the first attempts to modern practices. We have described and defined each model in detail, described its specifics, and described the calculation procedure. The biggest added value of this paper is a comprehensive elaboration of an overview of the possibilities of predicting company manrots through bankruptcy models. We can say that the goal of the post has been fulfilled.
Mobbing in a Workplace and Its Negative Influence on Building Quality Culture
Authors: Minárová Martina , Benčiková Dana , Malá Denisa , Smutný Filip
Published: January 2020

Globalization is one of the most significant trends of the contemporary reality that needs to be accepted and adapted to the changes it brings. Human resources have always been viewed by enterprises as a significant long-term functioning capital. Along with new creative work skills, HR currently represent one of the most crucial potentials within an enterprise, enabling it to achieve competitive advantage among rivals. Thus HR serve as a source of the future success of an enterprise. People spend a substantial amount of time at work, and satisfactory working conditions are essential for their psychological well-being, as they can greatly affect both the person’s work performance and the overall quality of life. In order for an enterprise to fulfill the criteria of the contemporary globalized world, management needs to adhere to this trend not only by adjusting the organizational structure, but also by maintaining more complex interpersonal relations among employees. It is the relations that may create conditions for mobbing or psychological bullying to occur, while originating from one or more members of a team, and being directed towards other individuals. In this paper, the authors present selected results of a research related to mobbing in Slovakia, which investigated the degree of its occurrence in a workplace, its most frequent causes, and the manifestations of negative behavior. In conclusion, we propose such measures that will prevent any form of violent behavior from occurring in the workplace, and will have a positive impact on building culture of quality in an enterprise.
Growth of City Regions and Bank Branch Localization
Authors: Rafaj Oliver , Siranova Maria
Published: January 2020

Current research in regional science focuses on the relationships between production factors and their impact on the overall product of cities, as well as topics dealing with the contribution of different city sizes to the economic growth. However, the ongoing process of international financialization tightly linked to access to finance gains on importance as the financial sector serves as a conduit for capital transformation in space. This article examines the economic growth of Slovak city regions and estimates the effect of access to finance measured by bank branches availability in these regions, once controlling for the standard impact of production factors. We construct non-overlapping three 5-years periods panel for more than 60 Slovak urban regions and combine it with data on bank branches localization on the county level and for major domestic commercial banks. The standard Cobb-Douglas production function is utilized with regional output calculated for firms with more than 20 employees and measures of physical and quantity and quality of human capital as conditioning variables. The characteristics of individual banks with bank branches located inside the city regions are included in order to investigate quality effect of financialization process. In order to control for time-invariant region-specific effect we use fixed effect panel model. Potential endogeneity issue between regional productivity and bank branch localization is addressed by the use of IV-2SLS estimator.
Impact of Integration and Globalization on Business Risk and loans in Slovak Agriculture
Authors: Toth Marian , Rabek Tomas , Strapekova Zuzana
Published: January 2020

The paper evaluates the effects of integration and globalization on individual farms in Slovakia after EU accession in 2004. The decrease in employment in agriculture is a result of technological progress, changes in individual family preferences and low income in agriculture in comparison to other sectors of economy. In the production commodities with low labor input dominate. Cereals, oilseeds and industrial crops dominate the agriculture production in Slovakia. Large farms benefit in form of economy of scale and agricultural output of farms remains low in Slovakia. The paper compares the risk of crop and animal production based in individual farm data using Markowitz portfolio theory. The crop production is more risky due to higher effects of weather condition compared to animal production. The second part of the paper evaluates the changes on access to credit and finance gap of farms in Slovakia. Based on individual interviews with representatives of demand and supply of loans the paper concludes that large the Common agricultural policy is playing a dominant role in access to credit. Banks consider the CAP subsidies to be a stable income factor and good collateral for loans. The loan market is dominated by short term loans and the majority of the market offers are coming from 4 commercial banks. The finance gap exists towards small farmers and farmers with animal production and special crops.
The efficiency of public support of innovation activities of foreign-owned companies
Authors: Vokoun Marek
Published: January 2020

The analysis aims at the different innovation activities of foreign-owned enterprises in the Czech economy. Data comes from the Czech Community Innovation Surveys of 2010, 2012, and 2014. This paper evaluates new-to-the-market innovation activities at the firm level. The analyzed sample consists of observations about innovators and companies that did not engage in new-to-the-market innovation activities in the last three years. This paper explores the relationship between public support and innovation activities of multinationals. The first results suggest public support (local government funds, national government funds, EU funds, EU Framework, and Horizon funds) is not always statistically significant in terms of R&D expenditures in comparison to unsupported firms. The additional contribution of public support for innovation output is again not always statistically significant. Results suggest that local government funds (grant projects) are beneficial for foreign-owned new-to-the-market innovators. Those local government funds are contributing both to innovation input (R&D expenditures) and innovation output (sales of innovated goods and services). Other public support variables indicate a crowding-out effect of private R&D&I investment. Globalization tendencies are supported by governments and future research should aim at a more complex analysis of multinationals’ behavior in this area.
The impact of monopolism on the stability of economic development in the conditions of globalization
Authors: Kotcofana Tatiana , Altunyan Armen , Bazzhina Viktoria
Published: January 2020

The article discusses the impact of the level of monopolization of markets on the sustainability of economic development and, above all, on the development of inflationary processes in terms of the reproduction approach in the global economy. The purpose of the article is to show the key role of monopolism in the genesis of inflation and its negative impact on the sustainability of economic development. The article uses a reproductive approach to the analysis of economic phenomena and processes. Using dialectical materialistic and concrete historical methods, it is shown how monopolism contributes to the development of inflation at all stages of the reproductive process. So, in Russia throughout the entire period of reforms, with the exception of individual years, the producer price index of industrial products grew faster than the consumer price index, and prices in more monopolized industries grew much faster than in less monopolized ones, which confirms the important the role of monopolies in the unwinding of the inflationary process.
Preparation of International Business Negotiation Strategies: Competitive Assessment Aspects in The Market Power System
Authors: Peleckis Kęstutis , Peleckienė Valentina , Peleckis Kęstutis K. , Lapinskienė Giedrė , Nedelko Zlatko
Published: January 2020

The existence of exclusive rights to produce or supply services means a monopoly. Often it is called a natural monopoly. Exclusive rights are granted for a long period of time, which should encourage major investments in infrastructure, the development of which is unlikely to occur without a guaranteed market. But sometimes exclusive rights are used in situations where there is no natural monopoly. Exclusive rights are, in many respects, one of the main routes to market. Exclusive rights may allow monopoly pricing and other market power tools. Regulatory measures used by competition authorities alone do not make it possible to avoid such a situation, as they often show a very low success rate in preventing market power from being used to protect consumers. The purpose of this article is to analyze the theory and practice of preparing negotiating strategies in a complex way, to reveal opportunities to develop and implement these negotiating strategies, taking into account competition policy actions. The subject of the study is the preparation of negotiation strategies taking into account competition policy actions in the market. The research problem of the article there is not enough tools in the negotiation theory to help develop negotiation strategies in line with competition policy actions.
Restructuring of International Finance for Sustainable Development of The Global Economy
Authors: Shavshukov Viacheslav , Zhuravleva Natalia
Published: January 2020

The global crisis of 2008–2009 and its long post-crisis recession have raised questions about the future structure of the world economy. The crisis is viewed as a crash of the basic elements of the global economy’s system. The international markets of financial assets failed to regulate themselves and aggravated conflicts between global and national finance. In 2010–2019 the world economy faced the risks for sustainable development. Deglobalization and dedollarization procedures questioned the previous philosophy and world economic leadership. According to the main results of a research, international financial institutions have deficiency of means for the solution of civilization problems. The world banking system, enhancing capital base according to BIS III, is defenseless against a big share in balance of derivatives and off-balance obligations. The post-crisis economy is unstable before the risks of dropping rates by 70% of the world’s economy. The system’s solution to problems of ensuring sustainable development relies on “three whales”: change of the domestic economic policy in the direction of structural reforms for the 4.0 Revolution, ensuring productivity growth, smooth transition to a flexible exchange rate, decrease in the public and corporate debts; transition to cross-border policy without tariff wars; and focus of the world economy in civilization’s problems, quitting a competition for leadership in favor of the multipolar world, orientation to quality of life and SDR as the reserve currency.
Goals of sustainable development as a manifestation of globalization: new global and domestic trends
Authors: Urazgaliev Vladimir , Menshikova Galina
Published: January 2020

In the list of the most important manifestations of global trends, one cannot but see the UN activity in spreading the Sustainable Development Goals. This publication will discuss, firstly, the theoretical aspects that justify it and secondly - the difficulties and successes of the Russian business in its implementation. In relation to the theoretical part general methodological issues of organizing its monitoring of the SDGs at enterprises are analized. Here the choice of direction (and indicators) by enterprises are described, the structure of goals selected in different countries (SDG industry metrix) is depickted, methods for evaluating the effectiveness of measures are shown. As for russian problems, the publication describes the general directions of state and supranational business promotion, as well as identifies some of the most successful business incentive practices. There are also named companies country leaders. Using the data of a sociological study conducted by the Russian Union of Industrialists and Entrepreneurs business associations the specific features of the implementation of tasks in the country‘s business are given. As a result of the publication, authors give the general assessment of Russian business as corresponding to the initial stage.
Focusing and imaging of cold neutrons with a permanent magnetic lens
Authors: Cremer Jay T. , Filter Hanno , Klepp Jürgen , Geltenbort Peter , Dewhurst Charles , Oda Tatsuro , Pantell Richard H.
Published: January 2020

This paper reports imaging of objects with slow neutrons, specifically very cold neutrons and cold neutrons, at Institut Laue Langevin, using novel, permanent magnet (Nd2Fe14B) compound refractive lenses (MCRL) with a large 2.5 cm bore diameter. The MCRL focuses and images spin-up neutrons and defocuses spin-down neutrons via a large, radial magnetic field gradient. A single lens neutron microscope, composed of an MCRL objective lens with 2-fold magnification, was tested using very cold (slow) neutrons at 45 Å wavelength. One-to-one imaging was obtained using 16.7 Å polarized neutrons. The magnetic field gradient of the MCRL was measured by raster-scanned pencil beams on D33. Finally, a compound neutron microscope was realized using an MCRL condenser lens, which provided increased illumination of objects, and an MCRL as objective lens to produce 3.5-fold magnification.
Theoretical study on stability of fluid network based on sensitivity
Authors: Jia Jinzhang , Jia Peng , Song Lei
Published: January 2020

In fluid networks, flow fluctuation is an important indicator for fluid network stability. However, changes of flow are affected by a variety of factors, and flow resistance change is one of the common influencing factors. Changes in branch flow resistance can cause changes in the flow in that branch and others, which will affect the stability of the entire fluid network. In order to quantitatively analyze the effect of branch flow resistance changes on flow fluctuation, this study introduced the concept of building a sensitivity-based mathematical model and calculated the sensitivity of each branch to construct a sensitivity matrix, and then, based on the uniqueness of the correspondence between the system state and the sensitivity matrix, sensitivity was used to quantitatively describe the system state. In the sensitivity matrix, the column element indicates the sensitivity of the flow resistance change in one branch to the flow change in other branches; the row element indicates the sensitivity of the branch flow change to the flow resistance change in other branches. This study proposed an algorithm which can quickly and accurately calculate the sensitivity value, and it gave a detailed solution to the problem of over-iteration and ill-conditioned solution in the sensitivity solution process. It was verified by an example that the method can accurately describe the influence of the flow resistance change from a branch in a fluid network on the flow in itself and other branches. The fluid network stability theory based on sensitivity has certain guiding significance for the design and optimization of fluid networks.
The development of a hydrogen-helium dual-beam ion implanter
Authors: Tang Bing , Cui Baoqun , Wang Lumin , Ma Ruigang , Li Ning , Chen Lihua , Cao Liuxuan , Huang Qinghua , Zhang Jian , Ran Guang , Ma Yingjun , Huang Jinchi , Ma Xie , Zhou Zehui
Published: January 2020

Multiple ion beam facilities are powerful tools to simulate the irradiation effects of neutrons on relevant nuclear materials. Since hydrogen and helium are often generated in neutron irradiated materials as transmutation products and they play important roles in the defect evolution, the triple beam accelerator and transmission electron microscope link in situ facility instead of a monobeam or dual-beam facility is necessary to simulate neutron irradiation. A hydrogen-helium dual-beam ion implanter has been developed for a triple ion beam in situ facility at Xiamen University. A Penning ion source has been developed to produce H2+ and He+ simultaneously. A special system consisting of two Wien filters and an Einzel lens has been proposed to purify the species from a single Penning source and allow for the measurement of the He+/H2+ ratio, without disturbing the accelerator settings. The detail of this dual-beam ion implanter will be introduced in detail.
Low Reynolds number channelized fluid flow of asymmetric plane to a non-asymmetric plane with a sudden expansion by using lattice Boltzmann method
Authors: Ullah Naqib , Shams-ul-Islam  , Ying Zhou Chao
Published: January 2020

The transition of viscous fluid flow around the square cylinder placed in a computational domain with a sudden expansion at low Reynolds numbers (Re) is investigated numerically by using the lattice Boltzmann method. The flow analysis is based on various Reynolds numbers and expansion ratios of the channel for different gap spacing ratios (g*), and both the Re and gap spacing ratios are studied for g* = 1, 5, and 10 and Re = 75, 100, 125, and 150, respectively. Here, g* = g/D, where g is the expansion ratio of the flow and D is the diameter of the cylinder. From the flow phenomena, we observed that the flow remains symmetric to a certain level depending on low Reynolds numbers. Hydrodynamic forces of the cylinder are strongly based on the expansion ratios. The effect of various Reynolds numbers and gap spacing ratios on the lift forces and drag coefficient is also analyzed. The bifurcation phenomena of asymmetric to nonasymmetric states occur with the increase in Reynolds numbers and expansion and spacing ratios.
Determination of demagnetizing factors using first-order reversal curves and ferromagnetic resonance
Authors: Muster K. S. , Heindl R.
Published: January 2020

We present a method to quantitatively analyze magnetizing or demagnetizing interactions in arrayed nano-magnets by combining first-order reversal curve (FORC) and ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) measurement data. We develop a function to predict the resulting FORC distribution given: (1) a Gaussian intrinsic distribution in terms of the internal field and (2) a mean interaction field proportional to the sample’s magnetic moment. We then perform least-squares regression of our model on experimental FORC measurements of a nanowire array and of a thin film. Combining the obtained interaction field with an FMR fit result allows us to algebraically solve for the effective axial and transverse demagnetizing factors. Our experimental demagnetizing factors agree with expected values and provide quantitative evidence of the demagnetizing interaction between nanowires in an array.