bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Die Person und die Herausforderungen der Gegenwart im Licht der Nachfolge und der Lehre des Heiligen Vaters Johannes Pauls II. „The Person and the Challenges“ - ein internationales wissenschaftliches Periodikum
Authors: Stala Józef
Published: October 2015

The teachings of Holy Father John Paul II constantly remind us of the importance of human dignity. The anthropological focus of John Paul II is an essential element of his thoughts. The human being in the image of God, has a unique, inherent value. It was always God’s plan that men, despite being creatures, would freely participate in God’s inner life - in Love. The dignity and value of humanity is established in creation, but is fully realised and expressed in the redemption of Jesus Christ. Therefore, the author of this article presents the person who faces modern challenges, but in the light of the ministry and teaching of Pope John Paul II. This is a direct introduction to the new international scientific journal “The Person and the Challenges: The Journal of Theology, Education, Canon Law and Social Studies Inspired by Pope John Paul II”. This journal is being published at the Theology Faculty, Section in Tarnów of the Pontifical University of John Paul II in Cracow since 2011 - the year of the beatification of the Holy Father John Paul II, which also implies and guarantees, that it will become a platform for exchanging ideas, evaluations, reports and studies on the person and contemporary challenges in the light or having regard to the teaching of John Paul II.
Seliger Johannes Paul II. Sohn Polens und Vater des Vereinigten Europas
Authors: Biel Robert
Published: October 2015

Pope John Pauls II is the most famous person in Polish history. He has been acclaimed as one of the most infl uential leaders of the 20th century. It is widely accepted that he was important in ending communism in Poland and eventually all of Europe. He also helped Poland to enter European Union. After his death the Church in Poland feels like an orphan, but sees chances in the heritage, which John Paul II left for the Church in his own Homeland.
Spécificité pastorale de la personnalité de Jean-Paul II selon Jean-Marie Lustiger
Authors: Biernat Ryszard
Published: October 2015

Jean-Marie Lustiger admired John Paul II and he was devoted to him. They both had similar origin. The Cardinal of Paris often accompanied the pope in his pastoral visits. He perceived John Paul II as the man of Providence. He was convinced that God had prepared him to this role. Jean-Marie Lustiger emphasized the attitudes of John Paul II that attracted the attention and admiration of observers. For instance: pray, holiness, attentive pastor and good relation with young people. Jean-Marie Lustiger as an attentive observer also focused his attention on the pastoral methods of John Paul II. In his utterances he often perceived the following methods: each person was important, defense of person’s dignity, the ability to speak with each man, modern language, importance of the pastoral visits and sui generis spiritual pedagogic. Jean-Marie Lustiger noticed radical change of perspective in preaching and in pastoral action of John Paul II. According to him the pope perceived the challenges of the modern times, evaluated needs of the humanity and gave the appropriate answers. For these he did not choose politics, sociology or even anthropology as a reflection but addressed to the hurt human who was redeem by Jesus Christ.
L’educare e il credere tra vecchie e nuove utopie
Authors: Pajer Flavio
Published: October 2015

The article focuses three problematic knots. The fi rst one underlines how the modern utopias are not dead, but they have strikingly moved: the modern ideal of freedom, for example, changed into the post-modern ideal of security; the monism of values shared in common turned into a pluralism of personal, discontinuous and fragmented choices. The second knot identi fi es education itself as an evolving utopia: from the post colonial dream of education for all to the present priority to educate ex novo the social links in a globalised world; from the society of knowledge (instrumental good) to a pluralistic society of living together (structural good). The third knot calls to mind the classical eschatological hendiadys of the “already and not yet” that the theology of Christian Hope propose once more as the paradigm of the human living. In the - political and at same time mystic-dynamic of the historical present, dissuading in this way the believers from looking for the salvation in easy and utopian projections beyond this world.
Religiosität als erwünschte Anregung in der Hermeneutik
Authors: Vodičar Janez
Published: October 2015

Paul Ricoeur insists on some kind of philosophical agnosticism although in everyday practice he is consciously bound to Christianity. That said, his poetical approach in Biblical hermeneutics when he confronts his position with his no believing contemporaries, very clearly shows that religious dimension of man, especially in its openness to new meanings, makes the understanding more proli fi c. This opens the way for new attempts of repeated search for human need for religious dimension also at Luc Ferry and Gianni Vattimo. It is not necessary that there is a very certain form of religiosity; the important thing is openness for these questions. In this way we liberate the science, to seriously confront with religious dimension of man. This is especially important in a globalized world where religiosity on one hand can be a cause for the clash of civilizations and on the other it can be a possibility of a common search for a world ethos.
La Unción de los enfermos - sacramento de alivio y salvación según el c. 998 del Código de Juan Pablo II
Authors: Kantor Robert
Published: October 2015

The Code of Canon Law of John Paul II sets forth in can. 998 as follows: “The anointing of the sick, by which the Church commends to the suffering and glori fi ed Lord the faithful who are dangerously ill, so that he may support and save them, is conferred by anointing them with oil and pronouncing the words prescribed in the liturgical books”.Through this sacramental entrusting of a sick person, the Church shows redemptive action taken by the Christ himself, who shall support the sick person with the power of God’s grace in suffering, impatience, fear, and above all in physical and spiritual weakness as well as in experienced doubts and weakening in faith.A family and persons ministering the sick (priests, hospital chaplains) should earlier take care of proper instructing about the nature of anointing of the sick and adequate preparation of the sick to receive this grace from the healing Christ. This may take place through conversation, catechesis, supporting with words of faith and common prayer, arousing a wish to receive the Christ in the mystery of anointing.This article consists of seven points: 1. The letter from James as the starting point of the discussion; 2. Several historical facts; 3. Catechism of the Catholic Church concerning the sacrament of the anointing of the sick; 4. Sacramental grace; 5. Who should and can receive the sacrament of the anointing; 6. People responsible for the better reception of the sacrament by the sick; 7. Conclusion.
Violent Computer Games Pose a Challenge to Education Today
Authors: Gerjolj Stanko
Published: October 2015

Violent computer games are becoming an increasingly common phenomenon of leisure activities among children and the young. Most researchers and practical educators consider them a dangerous phenomenon that encourages violence in everyday life. A kind of cyclic round goes from children who, due to a lack of sensitive communication, quickly feel certain tensions and quench them by resorting to media violence where computer games take the lead in the modern environment. Educators suggest the creation of situations where children and adolescents can speak out and express their pain in different ways. An in-depth expression of children’s and adolescents’ experiences does not only change their feelings, but extends to the changes at the level of neurobiological functioning. Adults, especially parents, help children mostly in overcoming violence if, in sensitive communication, they radiate happiness with their own lives and the ability to solve problems and give signs of unconditional acceptance and love. In such communication, children and young people re-experience their parents and other educators as strong personalities and moral authorities whom they love and respect.
Typological Usage of the Old Testament in the New Testament
Authors: Łabuda Piotr
Published: October 2015

The typological reading and application of Hebrew texts deserve the greatest attention among the numerous ways of reading and applying the Old Covenant ideas, traditions and texts. Through the typological reading and application of the text, the text is given broad latitude for its typological application. Treating the Bible from the typological point of view is not only restricted to quoting the books of the Old Testament. Instead, numerous allusions and references to events, characters, places and descriptions are made. The interpretation of these analogies leads to the understanding of the whole truth of the Old and New Testament. “Christians therefore read the Old Testament in the light of Christ who died and rose from the dead. Such typological reading reveals an inexhaustible part of the Old Testament” (CCC 129). Therefore typological thinking is necessary in order to interpret the Bible messages appropriately.
Sozialarbeit als zielgerichtetes Handeln
Authors: Młyński Józef
Published: October 2015

Social work since the beginning of the history of science has been interesting for many representatives of various scientific disciplines. It is so, because both the subject and object of its activity is man - an individual who does not always cope with proper functioning in his own environment and society. In this context, social work is a purposeful activity in favour of an individual, a group, a family, society. Social work possesses a wide spectrum of fields and as a purposeful and professional activity is not only needed, but also necessary for supporting a human being.
Johannes Paul II. lebt weiter in seinen Enzykliken
Authors: Müller Gerhard Ludwig
Published: October 2015

Blessed John Paul II has very clearly recognised the signs of time. He has also observed the destructive impulses in the West societies during the past several decades and has consistently pointed out in his encyclicals that in its search for identity and meaning, modern humanity was not able to find a purpose and reason for living. His encyclics are precious gifts and directions for the Third Millenium. The most important aspects of his teaching are: Christ in the centere, co-workers of Kingdom of God, anthropology, reason and faith, defending life, Ut unum sint - the commitment to ecumenism, Totus tuus - the life of faith.
Johannes Paul II. als moralische Autorität in der polnischen Gesellschaft
Authors: Mariański Janusz
Published: October 2015

The Author of the article assumes that the charisma of John Paul II – at least in the symbolic sphere – has impeded intensifying trends in Polish society toward moral permissivism and relativism in everyday life. In Polish society, the image of John Paul II remains not only as a moral authority and a model, but above all, he is seen as a person who throughout his whole life proved his worth as someone important to the core of Polish society. As an authority linked to the sacred sphere, he was, at the same time very human. Even among those who believe that in Polish society there are essentially no authorities left to look up to, one can find many people who are still inclined to recognize the Polish Pope as a significant moral authority. There is no doubt that John Paul II had a positive influence on the religiosity and general image of the Church in Poland, even though it is somehow difficult to measure that empirically. Experiences related to the Pope’s illness, and later, to his death had a significant impact on many Poles from throughout society. One can question whether Polish Catholicism with its folk and mass nature will retain its prevailing character, now when Pope John Paul II is gone. Even if the impact of John Paul II on Polish moral and religious awareness will be decreasing, it still will be important and significant for some period of time. The strong impact of this exemplary Polish Pope is also going to slow down the secularization process of Polish society. All sociological data indicate that the influence of John Paul II on religiosity in his homeland will last for years to come, and hence, Poland will probably remain as a “specific case” in Europe with regards to the role religion plays in society.
Heilige und vorletzte Wirklichkeit. Einsatz Johannes Pauls II. für die Würde des menschlichen Lebens
Authors: Machinek Marian
Published: October 2015

John Paul II could be rightly called the ‘Admirer of life’. His deep faith, along with the existential reasons, the sources of which could be traced back to his traumatic experiences during the Second World War, moulded him into a strong defender of human life. The Pope teaches that a civilization’s worth is determined by its attitude towards human life; it is either the civilization of life, or the destructive civilization of death. Since body constitutes an integral part of the whole human person, its dignity is enhanced. In his ‘theology of the body’ John Paul II stressed not only the sharing of the body in the dignity of the person, but also its importance as a sign and a needle in the compass of the human intellect in its search for moral norms. The Polish Pope insisted on the value of human life from its inception to natural death, and often presented various ruling elites with a challenge: Life is sacrosanct and this truth must be reflected in legislation. Human life is, according to John Paul II, the penultimate things; life is limited, mortal. The value of human life is determined by its destination: the human being is to find his fulfillment in eternity, where he will have a share in the everlasting life. Thirty years after the elevation of Karol Wojtyla to the Holy See we may confidently give him the credit for influencing the change in sensitivity to human life on a truly global scale. Though the contrary tendencies are very strong, thanks to the Polish Pope the impact of the culture of death has been significantly restricted.
Towards a conception of the fundamental values of Catholic education: what we can learn from the writings of John Paul II
Authors: Fincham David
Published: October 2015

This paper sets out to explore and examine online discussions of twenty-two students pursuing the M.A. programme in Catholic School Leadership at St Mary’s University College in Twickenham, London. In response to a question about the views of Blessed Pope John Paul II on the fundamental values of Catholic education, they shared their perceptions through online postings in a virtual learning environment (VLE). The focus of this paper is to draw inferences from the responses that they made.
Le Giornate Mondiali della Gioventù – i giovani e il beato Giovanni Paolo II
Authors: Kiciński Andrzej
Published: October 2015

Many people say that World Youth Day is Pope John Paul II’s best invention. However, he used to say that it was the young people themselves who invented it. The Pope felt that the Church’s concern for the younger generations should be made known. He issued invitation to young people to come to Rome for Palm Sunday. After two gatherings, at the end of 1985 he announced the institution of the World Youth Day that was to be celebrated every year in the dioceses. The diocesan celebrations were soon joined by international gatherings. The author of this article presents World Youth Day as the Church’s Day for youth and with youth. This idea is not an alternative to ordinary youth ministry, often carried out with great sacrifice and self-denial. Indeed it intends actually to consolidate this work by offering new encouragement for commitment, objectives which foster ever greater involvement and participation. By aiming to foster greater fervour in apostolate among young people, the Church desires to make them the protagonists of an apostolate which will spread to the other ages and situations of life in the ambit of new evangelization.
The Eucharist and Freedom: Recalling the Impact of the Magisterium of Pope John Paul II at the International Eucharistic Congress at Wrocław (1997)
Authors: Scerri Hector
Published: October 2015

The article treats the lasting relevance of the Magisterium of Blessed John Paul II during the Forty-sixth International Eucharistic Congress, held in the important Polish city of Wrocław, in 1997. The article highlights the originality of the theme of the Congress, namely, the important relationship binding together the celebration/adoration of the Eucharist and human freedom, while making appropriate cross-references to the same topic in other documents by the Slav Pope. Eucharistic orthopraxis is not only related to disinterested service in favour of one’s neighbour in commendable actions of diakonia, but also to the quest for freedom in the context of the respect of civil and social liberties and the exercise of religious freedom.
Die Ökologie der Person – Kantische Motive des Personbegriffs in Karol Wojtyłas “Person und Tat”
Authors: Waleszczuk Zbigniew
Published: October 2015

Apart from many legitimate concerns about ecology, the most important contemporary concern should be of anthropological nature and must address the human as a person (Benedikt XVI). What is man? Are human beings free? What should human beings do? These Kantian questions also describe the main starting points of Karol Wojtyła’s philosophy in “The Acting Person”. With regard to the importance of the question (ecology of man) our challenge is divided into three parts. Firstly, man is a person; secondly, his call is to liberty and lastly, responsible love is an emanation of personal dignity. In this manner the three important points in Wojtyła’s philosophy (person, liberty, love) are well characterized. The essence of man is his personal dignity as a source for the possibility of free (responsible) decisions – “the act”. The experience of morality is included in the experience of being a person. Wojtyła poses the question “how do I understand who I am throughout my acts?” Like Kant, the author emphasizes the importance of free will, conscientiousness as an obligation, which speaks to the conscious person. I determine myself through my own decision (person´s actions). For Wojtyła, participation in love is the basis of all human personal experiences. “Only persons participate in love”. Participation in the character of the other becomes – in the language of Wojtyła – “the choice of the other person in myself”.
Quelques aspects de la spiritualité conjugale selon Jean-Marie Lustiger
Authors: Biernat Ryszard
Published: October 2015

In his pastoral teaching Jean-Marie Lustiger repeatedly explores the subject of marital spirituality. His teaching emerged as a response to young people’s difficulty in understanding the nature of marriage as a result of being immersed in the mentality of the world. In this article the author explores two important aspects of Cardinal Lustiger’s teaching on the spirituality of marriage: marriage is presented as a vocation and there is an emphasis on the correct understanding of marital love. In the context of the decline of religious practices in Western Europe, the article contains some of Jean-Marie Lustiger’s thoughts on the sacrament of marriage as well as his role in contributing to a deeper understanding of matrimony.
Genitori dei figli innamorati (tattiche educative)
Authors: Mastalski Janusz
Published: October 2015

In the contemporary global context where people devalue tradition, the challenge which faces many parents is how they can be meaningfully present in their children’s lives. This can be problematic as in the contemporary world children are often searching for their own identity and space which they do not necessarily locate within their own family home. This text explores the question: how can family ties be nurtured to include children’s interests and affections? The author provides specific guidelines for raising children so that parents can accompany their children’s emotional development.
La dimensione ecclesiale della vocazione missionaria dei laici nell’insegnamento post-conciliare
Authors: Rostkowski Marek
Published: October 2015

In the post-Council period, one can find different attempts at a synthesis of the declarations of the Council with regards to the theme of the apostolate of the laity. The authors recognizes that the faithful participate in the mission of the Church, with a variety of ministries, functions, and services for the common good and for the benefit of the entire body through being active members. The text maintains that Christian vocation and mission are inseparably united in the life of the faithful – one implies the other.
Los «ministerios laicales» y la colaboración de los laicos en la función pastoral
Authors: Fuentes José Antonio
Published: October 2015

The activity of the laity in aid of or substitution for the ministry of the clergy has become increasingly common in the Church. Citing various factual explanations, this article shows the growth of lay ministry from the 1950’s up until today. The doctrinal and normative determinations which the Hierarchy has made, since 1983, have established more precise and effective guidelines for these ministerial tasks. The author summarizes the most important normative documents on this subject, in particular, the Instr. Ecclesiae de mysterio. This text raises a variety of practical issues, including the duty of giving the ministerial works of the laity an adequate financial remuneration. Finally, it offers guidelines for the effective development of lay collaboration in the pastoral ministry.
Obediencia sacerdotal como una de las especiales obligaciones de los clérigos en la Iglesia católica
Authors: Kantor Robert
Published: October 2015

During this year’s homily on Holy Thursday Pope Benedict XVI explored the subject of priestly obedience. He drew attention to some European priests’ incitement to disobedience which ignored the teaching of the Magisterium of the Church. This article argues for the importance and role of priestly obedience in the Catholic Church. Firstly, it identifies the nature of obedience through a close examination of the documents of the Second Vatican Council. Secondly, it identifies Pope Paul VI teaching on obedience through the magisterium of the Church. Finally, the nature of obedience in the Code of the Canon Law from 1983 onwards as well as practical manifestations of obedience pursuant to the Congregation for the Evangelization of Peoples is discussed.
Modern Educational Approaches as a Factor of Development of Students’ Intellectual Abilities
Authors: Monkevičienė Ona , Amirova Amina , Ashirbayeva Nazilya
Published: October 2015

Increased information flow requires introduction of such learning methods that enable to transfer a substantial scope of knowledge, provide high level of mastering sufficient volume enough material under study and its consolidation by the student in practice.
A Non-cooperative Game Algorithm for Task Scheduling in Wireless Sensor Networks
Authors: Dai Liang , Chang Yilin , Shen Zhong
Published: October 2015

Scheduling tasks in wireless sensor networks is one of the most challenging problems. Sensing tasks should be allocated and processed among sensors in minimum times, so that users can draw prompt and effective conclusions through analyzing sensed data. Furthermore, finishing sensing task faster will benefit energy saving, which is critical in system design of wireless sensor networks. But sensors may refuse to take pains to carry out the tasks due to the limited energy. To solve the potentially selfish problem of the sensors, a non-cooperative game algorithm (NGTSA) for task scheduling in wireless sensor networks is proposed. In the proposed algorithm, according to the divisible load theory, the tasks are distributed reasonably to every node from SINK based on the processing capability and communication capability. By removing the performance degradation caused by communications interference and idle, the reduced task completion time and the improved network resource utilization are achieved. Strategyproof mechanism which provide incentives to the sensors to obey the prescribed algorithms, and to truthfully report their parameters, leading to an effient task scheduling and execution. A utility function related with the total task completion time and tasks allocating scheme is designed. The Nash equilibrium of the game algorithm is proved. The simulation results show that with the mechanism in the algorithm, selfish nodes can be forced to report their true processing capability and endeavor to participate in the measurement, thereby the total time for accomplishing the task is minimized and the energy-consuming of the nodes is balanced.
The Research of QoS Approach in Web Servers
Authors: Hu Yansu , Mu Dejun , Gao Ang , Dai Guanzhong
Published: October 2015

Proportional Delay Guarantee has been widely used in the Web QoS service, and the most basic methods are the feedback of control theory and the predictive control of queuing theory. While the former belonging to passive control has a long setting time and imperfect real-time, the latter can not simulate the Web server queuing system well because of the model limitations. After the experimental verification and shortages analysis of the two methods, an improved approach is proposed in this paper. Based on the queuing feature of Web server and the HTTP 1.1 persistent connection, the improved approach predicts the delay by calculating the queue length and service rate and achieves the relative delay guarantee of different classes by adjusting their quota of worker threads. The experimental results demonstrate that the approach could maintain the relative delay guarantees well even in poor network environment and performs a much better superior compared with the traditional methods.
UNA VALORACIÓN DE LA FORMACIÓN INICIAL DE PROFESORES EN ESPAÑA: EL MÁSTER EN EDUCACIÓN SECUNDARIA
Authors: Puentes Roberto Valdés , Botia Antonio Bolivar , Verdejo Antonio Moreno
Published: October 2015

RESUMEN:El artículo evalúa el proceso de implantación del Máster en Educación Secundaria en España (MAES), a partir de un estudio de caso en la Universidad de Granada. El texto analiza el contexto general en el que se enmarca la creación del título, caracteriza ese proceso de creación, organización y estructuración a nivel nacional y, específicamente, de la Universidad de Granada, y hace una valoración del mismo a partir del estudio de cuatro dimensiones fundamentales: estructura y organización; docencia; practicum; y trabajo de conclusión del máster. El estudio concluye que el MAES es la primera gran experiencia española de formación del profesorado de ese nivel con carácter de título oficial regulado. Como aspectos positivos del curso se identificaron: su identidad profesionalizante y proyección nacional; su estructura curricular que prioriza la formación de competencias psicopedagógicas y didácticas; la valorización de la formación práctica en los propios institutos escolares.
RISK FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH TEMPORARY CATHETER-RELATED INFECTION IN PATIENTS ON DIALYSIS TREATMENT
Authors: Borges Palmiane de Rezende Ramim , Bedendo João
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACTThis study aims to identify risk factors associated with temporary hemodialysis catheter-related infection, in patients on dialysis treatment in a teaching hospital. This is a prospective study performed from November of 2012 to May of 2013, with 129 patients. Sociodemographic, clinical and biochemical data were collected from patient charts. In patients with a catheter,, 48.8% had catheter-related infection, 65% were male, 65% were 60 years of age or older, 85.3% had the catheter because they were diagnosed with acute renal failure, and 88% were hospitalized in an intensive care unit. There was a significant correlation between the independent variables and the outcome of infection. The risk factors associated with temporary hemodialysis catheter-related infection were: length of time of catheter use, the change of device, death, and complications during a hemodialysis session.
LEGALIZATION OF NURSE PRESCRIBING OF MEDICATION IN BRAZIL: HISTORY, TRENDS AND CHALLENGES
Authors: Martiniano Claudia Santos , Andrade Paula Stefânia de , Magalhães Fernanda Carla , Souza Fernanda Ferreira de , Clementino Francisco de Sales , Uchôa Severina Alice da Costa
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACT This study aimed to identify the legal and normative contours of nurse prescribing of medications in Brazil, showing its history, trends and challenges. It is an exploratory study conducted through desk research of nursing law, the Health Ministry and the health sector norms to address this issue. The steps of a documentary study and the analysis of data contents were followed. The nursing discipline contributed to the legalization of prescription, but not to its legitimacy; this assignment in primary care is consolidated through protocols and legislation, although there is no clear strategy for monitoring by the Health Ministry; there is resistance in some norms within the health sector. We conclude that there is a trend of nurse prescribing of medication, which currently remains only as a legality, and the main challenge is to achieve legitimacy.
O valor social dos dentes e o acesso aos serviços odontológicos
Authors: Fonseca Luciara Leão Viana , Nehmy Rosa Maria Quadros , Mota Joaquim Antônio César
Published: October 2015

ResumoA assistência em Saúde Bucal no SUS enfrenta o desafio de responder ao perfil epidemiológico da população adulta. Com o objetivo de compreender as vivências, expectativas e percepção de acesso aos serviços pelas usuárias dos serviços de saúde do município de Diamantina-MG, foi realizada pesquisa qualitativa utilizando entrevista semiestruturada e a análise de conteúdo para avaliação dos dados. A apresentação e a discussão dos resultados basearam-se no diálogo entre o interacionismo simbólico e o conceito de habitus de Bourdieu. Os resultados mostram que as entrevistadas não davam, antes, importância ao cuidado com o dente, porque os procedimentos eram-lhes desconhecidos ou porque a prática dominante era a extração dentária. Hoje, valorizam os dentes e sofrem os constrangimentos sociais que causam a sua boca mal cuidada. Contudo, o acesso à restauração dos dentes pelo SUS não lhes é ainda possível. Para os filhos, percebem haver melhor acesso à informação e ao cuidado, mas para procedimentos especializados ainda encontram barreiras. Expressam resignação com o mau estado dos seus dentes e com as dificuldades de acesso, o que pode ser compreendido pelas exclusões já vividas que moldam suas ações no presente. Conclui-se que a assistência à Saúde Bucal do SUS deve incorporar a dimensão estética do dente como um direito social.
Hortas comunitárias como atividade promotora de saúde: uma experiência em Unidades Básicas de Saúde
Authors: Costa Christiane Gasparini Araújo , Garcia Mariana Tarricone , Ribeiro Silvana Maria , Salandini Marcia Fernanda de Sousa , Bógus Cláudia Maria
Published: October 2015

ResumoA agricultura urbana e periurbana (AUP) vem sendo praticada em diferentes espaços, contribuindo para a melhoria da saúde nas comunidades e ambientes mais saudáveis. Objetivando identificar significados e repercussões da prática da AUP em Unidades Básicas de Saúde (UBS), enquanto uma atividade de Promoção da Saúde (PS), e em que medida sua dimensão terapêutica a caracteriza como uma atividade alinhada às práticas integrativas e complementares, foi realizado um estudo transversal com abordagem qualitativa no município de Embu das Artes, SP. Da análise, emergiram as seguintes categorias: concepção de saúde, resultados na saúde, resgate de práticas e hábitos tradicionais e reorientação dos serviços de saúde. Identificou-se a estreita ligação entre a prática das hortas e as diretrizes e campos de ação da PS como: criação de ambientes saudáveis, reforço da ação comunitária, desenvolvimento de habilidades pessoais, estímulo à autonomia e empoderamento e demandas por reorientação dos serviços. As atividades de horta instituídas nas UBS se mostraram uma estratégia de implementação das práticas integrativas e complementares (PIC). Conclui-se que as atividades de cultivo nas hortas comunitárias mostram-se como práticas promotoras da saúde que integram elementos fundamentais das PIC.
Orçamento público, região e financiamento em saúde: rendas do petróleo e desigualdades entre municípios
Authors: Barros Delba Machado , Lima Luciana Dias de
Published: October 2015

ResumoOs efeitos da aplicação das rendas petrolíferas para o desenvolvimento socioeconômico e o financiamento de políticas públicas têm sido questionados na literatura. O objetivo principal deste estudo foi analisar a importância das compensações financeiras – royalties e participação especial – para o financiamento municipal da saúde na região Norte Fluminense do estado do Rio de Janeiro, que é responsável por mais de 70% do petróleo produzido no Brasil. A metodologia envolveu a análise de dados secundários das receitas e despesas municipais com saúde nos anos 2000. Os resultados sugerem que a variação de recursos orçamentários relacionados ao petróleo se associou à diferença significativa na despesa total com saúde nos municípios da região. No entanto, a execução e a distribuição das despesas por tipo não ocorreram de forma proporcional à variação na disponibilidade das receitas. A forte dependência das rendas petrolíferas sugere maior autonomia municipal no gasto em saúde se comparado a outros municípios do país. Conclui-se que é preciso estabelecer outros critérios de distribuição e uso de recursos para favorecer a equalização dos gastos e a articulação entre as ações dos governos no ambiente regional.
Configuração das práticas de inovação na atenção primária à saúde: estudo de caso
Authors: Nodari Cristine Hermann , Camargo Maria Emilia , Olea Pelayo Munhoz , Dorion Eric Charles Henri , Claus Suzete Marchetto
Published: October 2015

ResumoO objetivo do estudo foi identificar as práticas das inovações na atenção primária à saúde, no segundo maior município, em população, do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. O método de trabalho empregado foi o estudo de caso com unidades de análise múltiplas, em que vários estudos são conduzidos simultaneamente. Foram realizadas quarenta e cinco entrevistas semiestruturadas aplicadas aos gestores das unidades básicas de saúde, com posterior submissão à técnica de análise de conteúdo, a partir da construção de uma categorização, com base bibliográfica. Foram identificadas cinquenta e seis inovações no total, sendo que dezoito foram de produto (bem e/ou serviço), quinze de processo, onze inovações de marketing e doze inovações organizacionais. Estudos que destaquem e tenham como objeto a inovação na rede básica, potencializam mudanças, melhorias e alternativas na forma como o serviço é prestado à população, servindo de base para a formulação de políticas públicas de saúde. Destacaram-se, por fim, as limitações e as oportunidades de trabalhos futuros.
Produzir saúde suscita adoecimento? As contradições do trabalho em hospitais públicos de urgência e emergência
Authors: Rosado Iana Vasconcelos Moreira , Russo Gláucia Helena Araújo , Maia Eulália Maria Chaves
Published: October 2015

ResumoA saúde resulta da interação de fatores biológicos, sociais, econômicos, políticos e culturais. Nessa perspectiva, objetivou-se analisar a relação entre o trabalho nos hospitais públicos de urgência e emergência e o processo de saúde-adoecimento dos profissionais que o executam. Tratase de uma pesquisa de natureza quantiqualitativa, na qual foram aplicados questionários com 240 profissionais (médicos, enfermeiros, assistentes sociais, psicólogos, dentistas, nutricionistas, fonoaudiólogos, fisioterapeutas e terapeutas ocupacionais). Os resultados demonstraram que os sujeitos reconhecem a importância do trabalho para garantia de condições favoráveis à saúde. Entretanto, destacam seus efeitos no desgaste físico e psíquico dos trabalhadores, por impulsionar estresse, ausência de hábitos saudáveis, hipertensão arterial, distúrbios do sono, osteomusculares e gastrintestinais. Torna-se premente enfrentar esta realidade, para potencializar a saúde dos profissionais e, por conseguinte, a qualidade da assistência ao usuário, visto que o adoecimento dos trabalhadores de saúde está fortemente relacionado com o modelo de saúde existente na sociedade.
Trajetórias de Joaquim Alberto Cardoso de Melo: Quincas, Um berro à vida
Authors: Zancan Lenira , Matida Álvaro Hideyoshi
Published: October 2015

ResumoO artigo busca refletir sobre a contribuição de Joaquim Alberto Cardoso de Melo (19361993) ao campo da Saúde Coletiva relacionando sua trajetória de vida e sua produção científica com questões em seu tempo e que permanecem em debate na atualidade. Contribuição que resultou na produção de novos sentidos para as práticas em saúde, com a compreensão como fenômenos sociais e transdisciplinares. Das conversas com coautores e amigos, e releitura de seus textos, optouse por percorrer sua biografia através de: (i) sua formação e participação nas iniciativas e práticas da medicina preventiva e da educação popular, que nutriram a análise crítica da educação em saúde; (ii) sua presença como educador nos cursos de saúde pública em todo o país, exercitando com gestores, alunos, profissionais e professores a desconstrução das teorias e práticas da educação e da saúde; (iii) sua disposição ao diálogo transdisciplinar com as ciências humanas e sociais na busca de uma "sutura epistemológica" entre razão e paixão, capaz de responder aos dilemas e desafios do trabalho em saúde. Essas três trajetórias indicam que a atuação de "Quincas" deve ser entendida a partir de seu desassossego enquanto sanitarista e educador, engajado na produção de conhecimento e práticas sensíveis à complexidade do fenômeno da vida.
Evaluation of the impact of collaborative work by teams from the National Medical Residency Committee and the Brazilian Society of Neurosurgery. Retrospective and prospective study
Authors: Santos Renato Antunes dos , Snell Linda , Nunes Maria do Patrocínio Tenório
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACT CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: Training for specialist physicians in Brazil can take place in different ways. Closer liaison between institutions providing this training and assessment and health care services may improve qualifications. This article analyzes the impact of closer links and joint work by teams from the National Medical Residency Committee (Comissão Nacional de Residência Médica, CNRM) and the Brazilian Society of Neurosurgery (Sociedade Brasileira de Neurocirurgia, SBN) towards evaluating these programs. DESIGN AND SETTING: Retrospective and prospective study, conducted in a public university on a pilot project developed between CNRM and SBN for joint assessment of training programs across Brazil. METHODS: The literature in the most relevant databases was reviewed. Documents and legislation produced by official government bodies were evaluated. Training locations were visited. Reports produced about residency programs were analyzed. RESULTS: Only 26% of the programs were immediately approved. The joint assessments found problems relating to teaching and to functioning of clinical service in 35% of the programs. The distribution of programs in this country has a strong relationship with the Human Development Index (HDI) of the regions and is very similar to the distribution of specialists. CONCLUSION: Closer collaboration between the SBN and CNRM had a positive impact on assessment of neurosurgery medical residency across the country. The low rates of direct approval have produced modifications and improvements to the quality of teaching and care (services). Closer links between the CNRM and other medical specialties have the capability to positively change the structure and function of specialty training in Brazil.
Diversidade, redundância e competência distribuída em um sistema virtual de aprendizagem colaborativa
Authors: Silva Valdir
Published: October 2015

O trabalho proposto discute o conceito de aprendizagem colaborativa, tomando como ponto de partida o conceito de Zona de Desenvolvimento Proximal (ZDP), formulado por Vygotsky (1978). Por entender que o processo de colaboração em um sistema de aprendizagem se faz em uma perspectiva para além da descrita para a ZDP. Defendo então, o conceito de competências distribuídas que se realizam dentro de um sistema altamente complexo, marcado pela emergência de atitudes colaborativas em decorrência da diversidade (HOLLAND, 1995, VAN LIER, 2004) e da capacidade de redundância (DAVID e SUMARA; 2006) que caracterizam os sistemas sociais. Para mostrar essa dinâmica, tomo para análise, 1.370 e-mails intercambiados pelos participantes (professor e alunos) de uma comunidade virtual de aprendizagem. A análise permitiu verificar que o processo de colaboração se configurou em uma propriedade dinamizadora da comunidade, ou seja, um evento que emergia nos interstícios entre o previsível e o imprevisível do sistema. As práticas colaborativas entre os participantes do sistema estudado se configuraram uma propriedade do sistema, pois, através delas o sistema estudado se revelou ainda mais dinâmico e complexo.
Factors associated with dietary supplement use by people who exercise at gyms
Authors: Lacerda Francisca Mirian Moura , Carvalho Wellington Roberto Gomes , Hortegal Elane Viana , Cabral Nayra Anielly Lima , Veloso Helma Jane Ferreira
Published: October 2015

OBJECTIVE To assess the factors associated with the use of dietary supplements by people who exercise at gyms.METHODS A cross-sectional study with a sample defined by convenience, considering the number of gyms registered in the Conselho Regional de Educação Física (Regional Council of Physical Education) of Sao Luis, MA, Northeastern Brazil, from July 2011 to July 2012. The final sample comprised 723 individuals who exercise at gyms. The dependent variable was supplement use, and the explanatory variables were length of time and motivation of the physical exercises, duration, goal and self-perception of training, weekly frequency of gym attendance, sex, age, educational attainment, self-perception of body weight, smoking and self-perception of diet. The association between variables was analysed by hierarchical Poisson regression based on a theoretical model.RESULTS Supplement use was reported by 64.7% of the participants. Most of the sample was male (52.6%). The most frequent age group was 20 to 39 years (74.4%). Most participants (46.1%) had been exercising for over a year. The following variables were associated with supplement use: self-perceiving body weight as below ideal (p < 0.001), smoking (p < 0.001), exercising for 7 to 12 months (p = 0.028) or more than one year (p < 0.001), spending more than two hours at the gym (p = 0.051), and perceiving training as moderate (p = 0.024) or intense (p = 0.001).CONCLUSIONS The use of supplements lacks proper professional guidance, being motivated by individuals unsatisfied with their low body weight and who perceive their workout as intense, which raises the need for monitoring this population.
La argumentación en clase de ciencias, un modelo para su enseñanza
Authors: Ruiz Ortega Francisco Javier , Tamayo Alzate Oscar Eugenio , Márquez Bargalló Conxita
Published: October 2015

La argumentación en ciencias es un proceso dialógico y una herramienta fundamental para la co-construcción de comprensiones más significativas de los conceptos abordados en el aula. Por ello, es una de las competencias que debe asumirse de manera explícita en los procesos de enseñanza y aprendizaje de las ciencias. El objetivo central de nuestra investigación es proponer un modelo de enseñanza de la argumentación en ciencias. La información recogida para nuestro propósito y analizada bajo el enfoque cualitativo, se obtiene del proceso realizado por una docente que participa en un proceso de reflexión crítica sobre la argumentación y su propio desempeño. Los resultados resaltan la importancia que tiene para el docente profundizar en tres aspectos centrales de un modelo de enseñanza de la argumentación en ciencias: el epistemológico, el conceptual y el didáctico. De igual manera, se muestra cómo la identificación de estos aspectos tanto en el pensamiento como en el desempeño de la docente y su relación, permite construir un modelo para la enseñanza de la argumentación en ciencias.
Prematuridade e fatores associados em Santa Catarina, Brasil: análise após alteração do campo idade gestacional na Declaração de Nascidos Vivos
Authors: Freitas Paulo Fontoura , Araújo Rafael Rodrigues de
Published: October 2015

Objetivos:estimar a prevalência de prematuridade e os fatores associados, após a alteração do campo idade gestacional na Declaração de Nascidos Vivos, no Estado de Santa Catarina, Brasil, em 2012.Métodos:estudo seccional com base nos dados do Sistema de Informações de Nascidos Vivos (SINASC). Razões de Prevalência (RP) de prematuridade, brutas e ajustadas, por Regressão de Cox Robusta para o ano de 2012, foram calculadas e os resultados comparados aqueles reportados para 2005.Resultados:as taxas de prematuridade aumentaram de 6,1%, em 2005, para 10,6% em 2012. Ao se comparar os dois anos, maiores diferenças foram encontradas entre as mulheres com menor número de consultas pré-natal, menor nível de escolaridade e de cor não branca. Após o ajuste pelos fatores de confusão, as taxas de prematuridade se mostraram associadas à menor frequência de consultas de pré-natal (RP=2,64; IC95%: 2,58-3,28), menor escolaridade (RP= 1,65; IC95%: 1,11-2,45), idade materna <20 anos (RP= 1,24; IC95%: 1,17-1,31) e maior que 39 anos (RP= 1,32; IC95%: 1,17-1,49) e de cor não branca (RP=1,14; IC95%: 1,07-1,21.)Conclusões:mudanças no campo idade gesta-cional, agora preenchido como semanas completas de gestação, resultaram em medidas mais confiáveis das taxas de prematuridade no Brasil.
The Management and Preservation of Local Public Records: Report of the State and Local Records Committee
Authors: Levine David
Published: October 2015

In 1976 the State and Local Records Committee, Society of American Archivists, conducted a survey of the archival agencies of all fifty states to determine the nature and extent of their role in managing and preserving the records of local governments. A questionnaire brought responses from forty-nine states. Thirty-nine of them reported a local records program currently in operation. Slightly more than half of them are using microfilm as an integral part of the program. Many states have scheduled, or are in the process of scheduling, county and municipal records for retention and disposal. Most states report insufficient funding to provide for the proper operation of a comprehensive local records program. Adequate funding will only become available when state archival agencies campaign actively to convince state legislatures that the money is indeed needed, and the local records programs are worthwhile.
The State of Historical Records: A Summary
Authors: Rundell Walter , Finch C.
Published: October 2015

Establishing specific priorities for historical records is a difficult and time consuming task. Although the conference explored a wide range of archival issues, a great many others were not discussed. Walter Rundell and Herbert Finch reviewed the conference papers and discussed some of the archival topics not covered within the context of the conference. In order to gain a precise understanding of the views of those in attendance, the conference staff formally surveyed the participants to assess their opinions on general archival projects. The results of the survey conclude this report.