bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Penentuan Prioritas Pangkalan Utama Kapal Pengawas Perikanan untuk Pencegahan Illegal Fishing di WPP NRI - 715
Authors: Krisnafi Yaser , Hakim Muhammad Romdonul , Prayitno Muhamad Riyono Edi , Maturbongs Marcelino Willobrordus
Published: November 2021

Pemilihan pangkalan utama kapal pengawas perikanan menjadi sesuatu yang sangat penting dikarenakan dermaga pangkalan kapal pengawas perikanan berfungsi menunjang keberhasilan kegiatan operasional kapal pengawas perikanan. Masalah yang timbul adalah bagaimana cara menentukan dermaga atau pangkalan yang tepat untuk mendukung operasional kapal pengawas pada suatu wilayah perairan agar memperoleh hasil yang maksimal. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menentukan prioritas pangkalan kapal pengawas di WPP NRI-715. Metode analisis yang digunakan dalam penentuan pangkalan prioritas kapal pengawas adalah TOPSIS. Prinsip kerja TOPSIS adalah alternatif yang dipilih harus memiliki jarak terdekat dari solusi ideal positif dan terjauh dari solusi ideal negatif. Hasil dari pengujian 10 alternatif dari 6 kriteria didapatkan Prioritas Pangkalan Utama kapal pengawas perikanan di WPP NRI - 715 adalah : Pangkalan PSDKP Bitung = 1,000; Pangkalan PSDKP Tual = 0,662 dan Stasiun PSDKP Ambon = 0,541. Perangkingan dari alternatif tersebut akan dijadikan usulan sebagai dasar penentuan strategi operasi kapal pengawas perikanan di WPP NRI - 715 sehingga mampu meminimalisasi kegiatan illegal, unreported, unregulated (IUU) fishing.

 

Kata kunci: TOPSIS, Dermaga Pangkalan Kapal Pengawas, WPP NRI - 715
Evaluasi Pemanfaatan dan Kepuasan Fasilitas Rantai Dingin dan SPDN di PPP Bacan Kabupaten Hlmahera Selatan
Authors: Hadji Fahrudin , Taeran Imran , Ahmad M. Janib , Djamhur Martini , Iksan Kusdi Hi , Karman Amirul
Published: November 2021

Based on information from fishermen and fish entrepreneurs, about 95.5% of the catch landed in the Bacan fishing port is stored in the air blast freezer (ABF) which is targeted for regional and exportsmarkets, while the remaining 4.5% is sold locally. The actual condition shows that the ABF has limited capacity. Furthermore, the need for ice blocks and diesel fuel (BBM) cannot be full filed as the ice factory and fuel station (SPDN) inside the port was not able to meet the current demand. As a result, fishermen have to buy from outside fishing port .In order to improve the port service, development program supported by scientific investigation on existing port performance is required. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the level of utilization and satisfaction of users of cold chain facilities and SPDN in PPP Bacan. The research was conducted at PPP Bacan, South Halmahera Regency, North Maluku Province, from August to September. Data were collected within 2 weeks, from 5 to 19 September 2020. The results showed that the utilization rate of ice factory facilities, ABF, and SPDN had exceeded the optimal limit, while the cold stroge was not optimal. All stakeholders (skippers, fishermen, and fish buyers) expressed their dissatisfaction with the service of the ice factory facilities, ABF, and SPDN, while the cold storage facilities were very satisfied.

Keywords: Evaluation, utilization, satisfaction, cold chain, coast fishing port, Bacan.
The Purse Seine Fleet Compliance strategy to Fishing Regulations at Nizam Zachman Fishing Port, Jakarta
Authors: Gugun Gunawan  , Purbayanto Ari , Solihin Iin
Published: November 2021

Importer countries of Indonesian fishery products, such as European Union countries (EU) and the United States (USA), are very concerned about the treacebility of fishery products, which lead to some rejection of fishery products obtained from illegal, unreported and unregulated activities (IUU Fishing) in NZFPJ. Approximately 231 vessels, 121 of it are purseiners, conducted fishing operations outside permitted fishing areas and at least 42 vessels were moored outside their assigned fishing ports. Considering the number of violations, this study is aiming at formulating strategies to improve compliance level of fishing vessels. Data from the case study were analyzed using Strengths Opportunities Weaknesses Threats (SWOT) method and Quantitative Strategic Planning Management (QSPM). The results showed that strategies to improve the compliance of purseiners to fishing regulations in NZFPJ are by developing an integrated fishing vessel monitoring system with relevant agencies conducting law enforcement in the field of marine and fishery. In addition, reward and punishment scheme along with education for fishermen and businessmen are required to improve awareness. Lastly, there is need to provide facilities and training to support the monitoring activities.

Keywords:       IUU fishing, NZFPJ, inspection.
Delayed Ovulation in Bovine: Diagnosis and Treatment
Authors: H. Al-Timimi I. , J. Khammas D. , M. Al-Hamedawi T.
Published: November 2021

Repeated breeder dairy cows (96) were used in this study. They were diagnosed clinically as cases of delayed ovulation and divided into five groups according to type of treatment used post insemination. Group one which includes 28 cow (1=28) treated with 1 vial of fertagyl, (2=22) treated with 2 vials of fertagyl, (3=19) treated with 5 ml of chorionic gonadotropin, (4=17) treated with 1 vial of Nymfalom and (5=10) treated with 1 vial of chorulon. Results showed that the number of cows which did not return to estrus (responded) were 16(57.14%), 12(54.54%), 9(47.47%), 12(70.6%) and 4(40%) respectively. Treatment and insemination were repeated to a number of unresponded cows and their results revealed response of 3 cows (27.27%) from group (1=11), response of 4 cows (50%) from group (2=8), response of 3 cows (42.85%) from group (3=7), response of 1 cow (20%) from group (4=5) and response of 2 (50%) from group (5=4). Data concerning the number, type, sex and viability of the offspring born from the treated cows were included in this study. Finally we may conclude that Nymfalon showed better result in treating cases of delayed ovulation and in improving their conception and pregnancy rate. The remaining treatments were also advisable in the absence of Nymfalon. The use of the same treatment again was also beneficial in some unresponded cases.
L’azione arbitrale
Authors: Gabellini Elena
Published: November 2021

Lo studio indaga la vexata quaestio dell’arbitrabilità dei diritti. Si osserva che pur potendo ricondurre l’arbitrato al concetto di processo esso si differenzia rispetto al giudizio statuale poiché nascendo dall’autonomia privata e non dalla legge trova un limite insuperabile nella necessità di individuare sia pure in modo indiretto il rapporto sostanziale oggetto della lite. Partendo da tale assunto viene tratteggiata la nozione di azione arbitrale “ tipica”: la tipicità non rileva in senso romanistico ma deriva dalla disponibilità della “ concreta ragione” dedotta in giudizio. I suoi confini vengono definiti tramite l’elaborazione del concetto di ordine pubblico arbitrale: esso permette di individuare quali siano i diritti che consentono l’accertamento tramite un processo privato. Da questa analisi è enucleata l’ulteriore nozione di azione arbitrale “ vincolata”: la salvaguardia delineata dalle norme sostanziali che disciplinano alcuni diritti si ripercuote sulle modalità di realizzazione del processo che può essere validamente esperito solo qualora sia garantita l’attuazione di uno specifico “ diritto processuale arbitrale”. In difetto di sua osservanza il lodo è invalido e non inesistente come invece si verifica quando l’azione arbitrale è inammissibile. Abbracciando questa ricostruzione vengono analizzate nella seconda parte dello studio le liti riconducibili all’azione arbitrale “ vincolata” (nei settori della famiglia del consumo del diritto societario L’analisi si conclude con una riflessione sul valore attuale dell’arbitrato amministrato che è individuato nel corso della trattazione come antidoto per superare i fittizi limiti relativi alla compromettibilità dei diritti.
Profili giuridici dei residui delle attività antropiche urbane
Authors: Novaro Piergiorgio
Published: November 2021

L’opera si prefigge l’obiettivo di delineare i confini giuridici del concetto di rifiuto urbano, tanto nella prospettiva europea quanto in quella nazionale, al fine di enucleare per differenziazione un concetto giuridico nuovo: il residuo delle attività antropiche urbane o, più semplicemente, residuo urbano. Per fare ciò, presupposti essenziali divengono due distinte analisi. La prima riguarda la molteplice stratificazione giuridica realizzatasi attorno al concetto di rifiuto di derivazione europea, cui si oppone, per evidente contrasto, la assai minore attenzione riservata alla nozione di rifiuto urbano, espressamente prevista dal diritto europeo solo nel 2018. La seconda analisi concerne invece quel complesso di norme, disorganico e non privo di qualche antinomia, che il diritto nazionale ha riservato in più interventi successivi alla gestione integrata dei rifiuti urbani e al servizio pubblico ad essa preposto. Conoscere quali siano le caratteristiche giuridiche del servizio pubblico, associate alle caratteristiche delle singole attività in esso ricomprese, risulta fondamentale per determinare il ruolo centrale che l’utente – soggetto proprietario del bene assolve per l’esatta determinazione del momento in cui esso diviene rifiuto urbano. Da qui, la possibilità di spingere oltre la ricerca sul duplice presupposto dell’animus del soggetto e del rapporto giuridico che intercorre tra questo ed il bene, per giungere così alla definizione del nuovo concetto di residuo urbano.
On the Significance of Giovanni Morelli’s Works for the Development of Forensic Identification and Diagnostic Study of Fine Art Objects
Authors: Khaziev Shamil N.
Published: November 2021

The 19th-century Italian art critic Giovanni Morelli contributed significantly to the theory and practice of attribution of paintings by prominent Renaissance masters. His methods, based on the profound knowledge of human anatomy and the analysis of artists’ professional skills, influenced not only the history of visual arts but also the development of forensic science, forensic medicine, the theory of psychoanalysis, and the practice of psychotherapy. The article provides the analysis of Giovanni Morelli’s scientific heritage for the identification and attribution of the works of fine art and for solving forensic tasks requiring the investigation of human skills and habits.

Morelli’s methods and the capabilities of a comprehensive forensic study of artistic and cultural values with the involvement of the appropriate instrumental base and specialized knowledge in the field of art history, forensic traceology, and materials science, as well as digital technologies, can significantly increase the reliability of the results of attribution activities of museums, art scientists, experts of world auction houses and amateur collectors.
Contemporary View on Objects of Environmental Forensics
Authors: Mikhaleva Natal’ya V.
Published: November 2021

The article reviews the concept of the object of forensic science, which is essential for expert research and the identification of classes, genera, species, and subspecies of forensic examinations, as well as their classification.

The author presents the objects of environmental forensics as generic objects, gives their definition, analyzes their properties and features. It is also shown that the objects of environmental forensics are divided into the actual objects of research and samples for comparative research. Furthermore, the researcher indicates the possible instances of the intersection of studies of environmental forensics’ objects with other examinations. Finally, the author emphasizes the necessity of compliance by a forensic ecologist with the limits of his competence in such cases.
Tapping the Potential of the Molecular Genetic Expert Research of Objects of Animal Origin in the Fight against Their Illegal Trafficking
Authors: Aramilev Sergei V. , Gulevskaya Viktoriya V. , Omel’yanyuk Georgii G. , Rybakova Anna A. , Storozhenko Irina V.
Published: November 2021

Currently, the legal framework for protecting natural resources from human assault is being developed at the international level. However, the statistical data on the sentencing of persons convicted on the territory of the Russian Federation under Articles 258 and 258.1 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation in 2020 given in the article indicates: the crimes causing the reduction in the number of animal populations, and as a result, the loss of biodiversity, are challenging to prove; a small number of perpetrators are brought to criminal responsibility; punishment in the form of imprisonment is imposed only in isolated cases. However, using molecular genetic research methods for the biological material of wild animals, it is possible to fill in a significant part of the missing information or obtain new evidentiary information about the circumstances of crimes, including illegal hunting. The application of the DNA barcoding method, developed in the early 2000s, makes it possible to establish the taxonomic affiliation of living organisms when it is impossible to do this by classical methods, for example, if the organism is represented by a micro-number of biological tissues, and is also at the stages of the life cycle (egg, larva, embryo) with an insufficient number of morphological features. Thus, advanced DNA technologies allow us to obtain a considerable amount of previously inaccessible information.

The issue of the illegal wild animal trafficking sold as “raised in captivity” is relevant for the pet industry and zoos and has implications both for animal welfare and the preservation of the natural environment. Methods based on the DNA analysis can also be applied for solving problems related to establishing the source of origin of the animal, in some cases – its habitat. The article provides cases from expert practice of ANO “Amur Tiger” when using molecular genetic methods of wild animal analysis allowed solving investigative and judicial tasks.
From the Experience of Expert Assessment of Illegal Logging of Forest Stands
Authors: Konovalova Irina A. , Lelekova Ekaterina V.
Published: November 2021

The article presents the results of an expert assessment of the thinning out of forest stands on the territory of the N district of the Kirov region based on field studies. Fieldwork consisted of recalculating and measuring the diameters of stumps left after felling trees, establishing their species composition and quality condition to determine the volume of harvested wood in the context of species. The stumps found were identified as pine (70 %), spruce, birch, and aspen.

The authors reveal that the release forest cutting was carried out within the boundaries of the designated cutting area with an excess of the established volume of wood harvesting for the prime breed (pine). The volume of felled pinewood exceeded 2.5 times; for other species, these data is more than 70 % lower than declared. At the same time, the total actual volume of the withdrawn wood does not exceed the data of the forest declaration. Based on the revealed violation of the forest legislation and the relevant regulatory documents, the authors have calculated the amount of damage caused to the forest plantation due to illegal logging of pine wood in the volume of 297 m3. The damage amounted to more than 4 million rubles.
The Creative Heritage of Valeria Fedorovna Orlova as the Basis of Domestic Forensic Handwriting Examination
Authors: Sidel’nikova Larisa V. , Yagut’yan Inna R.
Published: November 2021

The article is dedicated to the biography and scientific creativity of an eminent scientist, Doctor of Law, professor Valeria Fedorovna Orlova (18.01.1926–18.03.2021), who devoted her life to forensic handwriting examination. The author addresses V.F. Orlova’s main theoretical works and methodologies, and textbooks created under her supervision. The article introduces the main tasks and capacities of forensic handwriting examination in our country.
La interpretación del humor verbal. Una aproximación funcionalista
Authors: Wang Mengmeng
Published: November 2021

Este trabajo aborda los métodos y técnicas concretos de la interpretación del humor verbal - del español al chino y viceversa- a partir de un estudio de casos, desde la perspectiva funcionalista con miras a alcanzar la meta de una comunicación más fluida y eficaz. Para ello analizamos los criterios primordiales de la traductología funcionalista y la traducibilidad del humor verbal. Con arreglo a los principios funcionalistas y ejemplos concretos de interpretación, plantearemos tres métodos y sus respectivas técnicas: (a) Método literal: que se realizan las correspondencias en cuanto a la forma, el contenido y las funciones entre el texto original y el texto meta. (b) Método libre. Se conservan el contenido y las funciones con debidas modificaciones de la forma. Las técnicas concretas son: amplificación, compensación, aumentación y elisión. (c) Método interpretativo-comunicativo. Solo se conservan las funciones. La respectiva técnica es sustitución parcial.
¿Es posible (auto)traducir el teatro posdramático? Traducción y tradición nacional en Deixa de tocala, Sam, de Avelina Pérez
Authors: Rodríguez Vega Rexina
Published: November 2021

Como puede observarse a través de este estudio de caso, muchas de las convenciones y elementos estructurales propios de la escritura y de la traducción teatral parecen ponerse en entredicho al abordar la corriente posdramática. En primer lugar, podemos indicar la existencia de nuevos espacios alternativos de distribución y publicación que potencian la tendencia a la autotraducción por parte de los dramaturgos de los territorios bilingües del Estado español. La concepción como «Comunidad interliteraria» de nuestro espacio geocultural aparece, pues, reforzada en las prácticas de los nuevos creadores escénicos, quienes, además, conciben el autotrasvase como parte integrante del proceso creativo. Así mismo, se comprueba en la versión analizada cómo aquellos aspectos que pueden suponer algún obstáculo a la traducción, como la reproducción del conflicto diglósico, son neutralizados. El «borrado» de la especificidad de las distintas tradiciones nacionales plantea en último término una amenaza para la propia supervivencia del sistema teatral periférico.
Los intérpretes de lenguas en las Nuevas Poblaciones de Sierra Morena y Andalucía durante el siglo XVIII
Authors: Hamer Flores Adolfo
Published: November 2021

En la segunda mitad del siglo XVIII, impulsada por el gobierno ilustrado de Carlos III, se puso en marcha en el sur de la Península Ibérica una experiencia de colonización agraria en la que se empleó, fundamentalmente, a familias procedentes de Centroeuropa. Estos individuos, en los momentos iniciales, solo hablaban sus lenguas maternas (alemán, francés e italiano, sobre todo) por lo que la figura del intérprete de lenguas fue imprescindible para facilitar la comunicación. Sin embargo, esta función, al igual que aquellos que la desempeñaron, no ha sido estudiada hasta ahora; de ahí que nuestro objetivo en este trabajo consista en aproximarnos a la figura del intérprete en esas nuevas poblaciones durante sus primeros años de existencia.
The Translation of Verse Form. A Revision of Holmes’ Model Based on the Spanish Translations of Shakespeare’s Sonnets
Authors: Escudero Tanya
Published: November 2021

While an essential component of poetry, form has been frequently overlooked in research on poetry translation or has been addressed under rather prescriptivist approaches, with notable exceptions (Holmes 1994, Jones, 2011, among others). This paper deals with the translation of the poetic form from a descriptivist perspective from a corpus of 69 Spanish translations of Shakespeare’s Sonnets published between 1877 and 2018. It addresses, particularly, the outer form or macrostructure of the poems using one sonnet of each translation as a prototype. This analysis will serve as a basis for classifying these translations according to James S. Holmes’ metapoem forms and for proposing a revision of this model. While there are certain forms or patterns repeated throughout, the diverse solutions show that there is no single favoured way of rendering these sonnets, not even during a specific period (beyond the preference for verse over prose).
European Labour Law and its Challenges in Multilingual Terminology and Translation: A Case Study
Authors: Steurs Frieda , Tryczynska Katarzyna
Published: November 2021

The translation of legal texts has become a very important activity in our modern, international societies. Globalization has created a great need for multilingual versions of all kinds of legal texts. However, both law itself and legal language and terminology have a special characteristic: they are system-bound. Every country or autonomous region sets up its own legal system, and this has far-reaching consequences not only for the drawing up and especially the translation of legal texts, but also for comparative law and international and European law.

In this article, we describe certain typical features of the terminology of labour law and expand on one particular term to show the problems in translation work. The multilingual character of European law, the need for translation and the specific wording of labour law texts in the individual member states lead to many translation problems and to legal insecurity for citizens. By analysing relevant terms in the transport sector, we discuss current research that compares concepts and terms in European, Polish, Dutch and Belgian labour law.
Regattin, Fabio (2020). Autotraduzione. Pratiche, teorie, storie / Autotraduction. Pratiques, théories, histoires. Città di Castello: I libri di Emil,
Authors: Dasilva Xosé Manuel
Published: November 2021

Se trata de una recensión del volumen Autotraduzione. Pratiche, teorie, storie / Autotraduction. Pratiques, théories, histoires, cuyo coordinador es Fabio Reggattini, publicado recientemente. En él se explora el hecho autotraductor combinando reflexiones de personas que suelen verterse a sí mismas y estudios realizados por especilialistas en esta particular modalidad de traducción.
Control of nanogeometry of parts by the method of surface hardening
Authors: Suslov Anatoliy , Shalygin Mikhail
Published: November 2021

The problem of controlling the nanogeometry (sub-roughness) of the surface by technological methods of surface hardening is considered. The possibility of changing the sub-roughness by technological methods is shown. It is established that the surface roughness parameters decrease when using diffusion silicification.
CARA MENGAJUKAN PINJAMAN
Authors: Husnah Ismatul
Published: November 2021

Untuk mengajukan pinjaman ke Bank ada beberapa syarat yang harus dipenuhi oleh calon debitur. Syarat-syarat nya pun juga berbeda-beda, ada persyaratan khusus untuk pegawai, karyawan swasta, dan untuk peminjaman Kredit Tanpa Agunan (KTA).
Manajemen Strategi Perusahaan
Authors: Adelia
Published: November 2021

Manajemen strategi adalah proses penetapan tujuan organisasi, pengembangan kebijakan dan perencanaan untuk mencapai sasaran tersebut , serta mengalokasikan sumber daya untuk menerapkan kebijakan dan merencanakan pencapaian tujuan organisasi. Manajemen strategis mengkombinasikan aktivitas-aktivitas dari berbagai bagian fungsional suatu bisnis untuk mencapai tujuan organisasi.
أنماط تدريبات الكتابة في تحقيق أهداف تعليم الكتابة كتاب دروس اللغة العربية على المنهج الدراسي 2013 (دراسة تقويمية)
Authors: Citra Novita
Published: November 2021

المشكلة البحث في هذه الرسالة هي "هل أنماط تدريبات الكتابة في كتاب دروس اللغة العربية على المنهج الدارسي 2013 لتحقيق أهداف تعليم الكتابة ؟". أما أغراض البحث من هذه الرسالة فهي معرفة أنماط التدريبات الكتابة في تحقيق أهداف تعليم الكتابة كتاب دروس اللغة العربية على المنهج الدراسي 2013 في الفصل السابع من ناحية مناسبتها بأهداف المنهج 2013، ومن ناحية مناسبتها بمعايير أنماط التدريبات، ومن ناحية مناسبتها بمعايير تقويم التدريبات.
The Evolutionary Pattern of Language in English Fiction over the Last Two Centuries: Insights from Linguistic Concreteness and Imageability
Authors: Sun Kun
Published: November 2021

Fiction has come to play an essential part in human culture and life in recent centuries. Because of its importance, the language or discourse of fiction has been widely studied. Discerning the evolutionary pattern of language in fiction is greatly helpful in understanding the changes in human culture and society. However, most previous studies on literary language that made use of quantitative or computational methods restricted themselves to a few authors or groups and only took into account a relative short span of time. Furthermore, most of the quantitative analysis therein was based on a primary and rather primitive algorithm that summarizes the frequencies of linguistic units in corpora. To overcome these limitations, this study uses semantic similarity as computed by semi-supervised methods to examine diachronic changes. In this study, the three large-scale corpora representing the English language and English fiction were used to investigate the evolutionary patterns concerning diachronic concreteness/imageability. The data from the two measures are well mapped and shown to support the argument that English fiction, as a special genre, exhibits an evolutionary tendency towards increasing concreteness/imageability. This indicates that modern fiction may have become increasingly important in human society, but easier to read and process in words than 19th century English fiction. This study proposed that learnability, genre difference, the changes of population size, and the other factors might have caused the systemic change. The current study is thus an important contribution to understanding the evolutionary trend of language in fiction as well as understanding the development of the English language as a whole. This study creates a novel quantitative methodology and applies this to the examination of diachronic changes of language in literary works.
Show or Tell? Exploring when (and why) teaching with language outperforms demonstration
Authors: Sumers Theodore , Ho Mark K , Hawkins Robert , Griffiths Tom
Published: November 2021

People use a wide range of communicative acts across different modalities, from concrete demonstrations to abstract language. While these modalities are typically studied independently, we take a comparative approach and ask when and why one modality might outperform another. We present a series of real-time, multi-player experiments asking participants to teach concepts using either demonstrations or language. Our first experiment (N = 416) asks when language might outperform demonstration. We manipulate the complexity of the concept being taught and find that language communicates complex concepts more effectively than demonstration. We then ask why language succeeds in this setting. We hypothesized that language allowed teachers to reference abstract object features (e.g., shapes and colors), while demonstration teachers could only provide concrete examples (specific positive or negative objects). To test this, our second experiment (N = 568) ablated object features from the teacher’s interface. This manipulation severely impaired linguistic (but not demonstrative) teaching. Our findings suggest that language communicates complex concepts by directly transmitting abstract rules. In contrast, demonstrations transmit examples, requiring the learner to infer the rules.
A Bayesian Analysis of the Molnupiravir Trial Data
Authors: Wagenmakers Eric-Jan , Gronau Quentin Frederik
Published: November 2021

On October 1st 2021, Merck issued a press release claiming that "molnupiravir (MK-4482, EIDD-2801), an investigational oral antiviral medicine, significantly reduced the risk of hospitalization or death at a planned interim analysis of the Phase 3 MOVe-OUT trial in at risk, non-hospitalized adult patients with mild-to-moderate COVID-19." Specifically, 28/385 (7.3%) of patients who received molnupiravir were hospitalized or died, compared to 53/377 (14.1%) in the placebo control group. In order to quantify the evidence that molnupiravir is indeed effective, we conducted a Bayesian logistic regression. Our Bayesian analysis confirms that the molnupiravir data are indeed promising. A default analysis raises the probability for H+ from 0.50 to about 0.97 and is robust to a range of prior specifications. Nevertheless, the evidence is not so compelling as to rule out H0 almost entirely – its strength is the statistical equivalent of throwing two consecutive sixes with a fair die.
Flexibility in autism during unpredictable shifts of socio-emotional stimuli. Investigation of group and sex differences.
Authors: Lacroix Adeline , Dutheil Frédéric , Logemann H.N. Alexander , Cserjesi Renata , Peyrin Carole , Biro Brigitte , Gomot Marie , Mermillod Martial
Published: November 2021

Considering the mixed nature of reports of flexibility difficulties in autism, we hypothesized that a task that more closely resembles the challenges faced in real life would help to assess these difficulties. Autistic and typically developing (TD) adults performed an online Emotional Shifting Task (EST), involving non-explicit unpredictable shifts of complex socio-emotional stimuli, and the Task Switching Task (TST), involving explicit predictable shifts of simple character stimuli. Switch cost (i.e., the difference in performance between Shift and Non-Shift conditions) was larger in the autistic group than in the comparison group for the EST but not for the TST. Females responded faster than males in the EST. On the TST, TD males responded faster than TD females, whereas there was a female advantage in the autistic group. Our findings suggest that factors such as predictability, explicitness of the shift rule, stimulus type as well as sex could play a critical role in flexibility difficulties in autism.
MEDIATING ROLE OF COPING STYLES BETWEEN SOCIAL SUPPORT AND PSYCHOLOGICAL WELL-BEING OF UNIVERSITY STUDENTS
Authors: Zaman Noshi Iram
Published: November 2021

Background: University students being energetic, active, and robust engage proactively in their lives. Students’ coping styles are important to deal with daily life issues. The current study investigated the mediating role of coping style between social support and psychological well-being among students of Karachi University, Pakistan. Method: To test the hypotheses, a sample of 105 university students (males 51 & females 55) with the age ranging between 19 to 36 years (mean age= 24.85; SD=.478) belonging to different socioeconomic status were selected from the University of Karachi, Pakistan. After taking permission from HOD of concerned departments, Demographic Information Form, Multidimensional Perceived Social Support Scale Coping styles scale, and Psychological Well-Being Scale were administered on participants in group settings. Descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, and Hayes’ PROCESS macro and bootstrap analysis were performed.Results: Problem-focused coping contributes 18 % variance in the psychological well-being of university students. Moreover, Social support brings 35 % and 46 % variation in the relationship of problem-focused coping; emotion-focused coping, and psychological well-being.Conclusion: Problem-focused coping was shown as an important mediating factor for social support and psychological wellbeing.
Future avenues for education and neuroenhancement
Authors: Dündar-Coecke Selma
Published: November 2021

Education, in epistemological terms, presents an arena in which the development of knowledge and its transmissionframe fundamentally distinct assignments: in social contexts knowledge exchange is prioritised to equipindividuals as knowers; in theoretical contexts, an understanding of knowing as a state of mind is the primaryobjective. Distinguishing between education and its institutionalised product –the school–, this paper reviews thenotion that today’s modern classroom settings limit the applicability of neuroscience research by focusing onequipping individuals as knowers. In contrast, educational research has become increasingly grounded in brainsciences, with future premises examining artificial intelligence technologies (AI) targeted at enhancing learningand memory based on an understanding of the nature of knowing. Taking into account this bifurcation betweeneducation and school, this paper examines how the paths of educational, neuroscience, and AI research crossbeyond school-enabled learning. This is contemplated across three sections. The first section examines the historicalbasis of the bifurcation between education and schooling. The second reviews the potential impacts ofcurrent neuroscience knowledge on educational implementations. The third discusses how and why neuroscienceand AI technologies could be pertinent to educational discourse in the future.
Perancangan Taman Belajar dan Pusat Edukasi dengan Pendekatan Arsitektur Biophilic di Kabupaten Bojonegoro
Authors: Rachmad Nadya Dewi Pramista , Rofi’I Rofi’I
Published: November 2021

Edukasi merupakan salah satu aspek terpenting yang harus di dapatkan bagi manusia di semua kalangan, terutama mereka yang sedang berada di usia-usia produktif. Terlebih, pendidikan dan pengetahuan adalah sebuah kekuatan bagi individu manusia itu sendiri, maupun bagi kelompok-kelompok yang ada di dalamnya. Maka dari itu, fasilitas sarana dan prasarana pendidikan harus sebaik mungkin terus dikembangkan demi tercapainya kemajuan masyarakat yang berpendidikan, khususnya pada Kabupaten Bojonegoro. Bojonegoro merupakan kota migas, dimana ada sekitar 4 titik migas yang telah dioperasikan. Salah satu titik migas tersebut berpotensi dan dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai tempat edukasi bertemakan petroleum. Sebuah tempat edukasi dengan mentor yang ahli dalam bidangnya. Kemudian, meninjau konsep arsitektur yang tepat digunakan dalam proyek edukasi ini, adalah sebuah konsep yang dapat mendukung proses pembelajaran dan aktifitas edukasi lainnya dapat terlaksana dengan baik. Menurut riset – riset yang telah diterbitkan, proses pendekatan dengan alam, memperkuat hubungan antara psikologi manusia dengan lingkungan alam, dapat meningkatkan kualitas pembelajaran dan menambah pemahaman dalam proses belajar. Konsep tersebut merupakan ciri – ciri dari arsitektur Biophilic. Perancangan Taman Belajar dan Pusat Edukasi ini menggunakan pendekatan arsitektur Biophilic, diharapkan tempat edukasi tersebut menjadi sarana belajar yang menyenangkan dan dapat menciptakan hubungan antara manusia dengan alam sekaligus. Proses Perancangan Taman Belajar dan Pusat Edukasi ini menggunakan metode rasional, yang mana metode tersebut melalui tahap observasi kawasan, studi literatur, dokumentasi survey lokasi, studi pustaka, dan wawancara terhadap orang-orang yang bekerja pada kawasan tersebut. Data-data yang didapatkan akan diproses dengan metode kreatif, yaitu pengolahan data dengan metode eksplorasi, dan transformasi yang menghasilkan produk akhir perancangan desain.
Model Rancangan Way Finding Masjid Al – Khoory Universitas Muhammadiyah Surabaya
Authors: Ari Pranata Muhammad Deriel , Zuraida Zuraida , Dharmawan Vippy
Published: November 2021

Fungsi dari sebuah lingkungan buatan akan berjalan secara optimal apabila sistem way finding yang ada dapat memberikan kenyamanan bagi pengguna lingkungan tersebut. Way finding adalah proses perpindahan pengguna dari lokasi yang lama menuju lokasi yang baru dengan bantuan elemen – elemen yang ada disekitarnya. Masjid yang merupakan sebuah lingkungan buatan yang difungsikan untuk tempat beribadah umat muslim haruslah terletak di lokasi yang strategis, agar mudah terlihat dan dijangkau oleh muat muslim ketika ingin beribadah. Tidak sejalan dengan hal tersebut, ternyata letak Masjid Al-Khoory Universitas Muhammadiyah Surabaya, kurang strategis dan membuat pengguna masjid khususnya pengguna baru kebingungan untuk menemuka lokasi Masjid Al-Khoory Universitas Muhammadiyah Surabaya. Hal tersebut dibuktikan dari jawaban responden yang menyetujui letak masjid kurang strategis sehingga membuat kebingungan untuk menemukan lokasi masjid tersebut. Penelitian ini akan menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan teknik pengambilan data menggunakan skala likert. Model rancangan way finding merupakan solusi yang tepat bagi permasalahan lingkungan buatan ketika tidak memiliki lokasi yang strategis, elemen – elemen arsitektur yang berwujud aspek way finding dapat membantu pengguna untuk menemukan lokasi yang diinginkan tanpa mengalami dis-orientsasi.
Pigmented Remedies: The Pharmacy of Colour in Early Modern Europe
Authors: Nurse Julia
Published: November 2021

This article will examine pigments recently identified in an unpublished conservation survey at the Wellcome Collection that included two 17th-century medical manuscripts. These pigments, which were drawn from plant and mineral products, served a dual purpose based on their medicinal and pigmented properties. An exploration of how these pigments were used (and why) by a range of practitioners – including apothecaries, physicians, “kitchen physicians,” and artisans – reveals the importance of colour throughout early modern Europe. The persistence of traditional medical theories is revealed by examining evidence across an extensive period covering the 16th to the 18th century. Receipt books, medical treatises, and health guides are contrasted with artisanal texts reflecting the blurring of boundaries between the worlds of medicine and art. Modern analysis by conservators of colour used in medieval and early modern texts is crucial to the preservation of pigments but also provides a deeper understanding of what and how pigmented products were used in the period and, ultimately, informs our current understandings of early modern life and medicine.
Evaluation of a Harmonized Undergraduate Catalog for Veterinary Public Health and Food Hygiene Pedagogy in Europe
Authors: Seguino Alessandro , Braun Peggy G. , Del-Pozo Jorge , Soare Cristina , Houf Kurt , Baillie Sarah
Published: November 2021

Current and emerging veterinary public health (VPH) challenges raised by globalization, climate change, and industrialization of food production require the veterinarian’s role to evolve in parallel and veterinary education to adapt to reflect these changes. The European Food Hygiene catalog was developed to provide a list of topics relevant to Day One Competencies in VPH. A study was undertaken to ensure that the catalog and teaching practices were pertinent to the work of public health veterinarians. Relevant stakeholders were consulted using questionnaires and semi-structured interviews. A long questionnaire was distributed to 49 academics teaching VPH in European veterinary schools to review topics listed in the catalog. Eighteen responses were received (36.7%), representing 12 European countries. There was general agreement that most topics were appropriate for the undergraduate VPH curriculum. A short questionnaire was distributed to 348 European veterinarians working in the industry. Twenty-four questionnaires (6.7%) were received, representing eight European countries. Despite the low participation rate, topics needing greater emphasis in the undergraduate curriculum included Hazard Analysis Critical Control Points (HACCP), food microbiology, and audits. Seven semi-structured interviews with public health veterinarians working in the UK identified the need for curricular changes including greater practical experience and a shift from a focus on meat inspection to risk management. This may be partly achieved by replacing traditional lectures with authentic case-based scenarios. The study findings can be used to inform the future direction to VPH education for veterinary students across Europe.
The birth of experimental neurosurgery: Wilder Penfield at Montreal’s Royal Victoria Hospital, 1928–1934
Authors: Leblanc Richard
Published: November 2021

Wilder Penfield is well known as the founder of the Montreal Neurological Institute (MNI), the site of his most important contributions to the investigation and treatment of epilepsy and to our understanding of the structure-function relationship of the brain. The seeds of the MNI were sown 6 years before its opening in 1934, when Penfield accepted the position of head of the Subdepartment of Neurosurgery at McGill University’s Royal Victoria Hospital (RVH). Penfield took this position because of the facilities made available to him to pursue the neuropathological research that he had undertaken with Pío del Río Hortega in Madrid, and to continue his investigation into the nature and treatment of posttraumatic epilepsy that he began with Otfrid Foerster in Breslau. Penfield and his first neurosurgical research fellows Joseph Evans, Jerzy Choróbski, Nathan Norcross, Theodore Erickson, Isadore Tarlov, and Arne Torkildsen studied the substrate of focal epilepsy, the innervation of cortical arteries, the function of the diencephalon, the microscopic structure of spinal nerve roots, and the ventricular system in health and disease. In his 6 years at the RVH, Penfield and his fellows effected a paradigm shift that saw neurosurgery pass from empirical practice to scientific discipline.
Vortex formation and associated aneurysmogenic transverse rotational shear stress near the apex of wide-angle cerebral bifurcations
Authors: Malek Adel M. , Hippelheuser James E. , Lauric Alexandra
Published: November 2021

OBJECTIVE

Aneurysm formation preferentially occurs at the site of wide-angle cerebral arterial bifurcations, which were recently shown to have a high longitudinal positive wall shear stress (WSS) gradient that promotes aneurysm formation. The authors sought to explore the other components of the hemodynamic environment that are altered with increasing bifurcation angle in the apical region and the effects of these components on WSS patterns on the vessel wall that may modulate aneurysm genesis and progression.

METHODS

Parametric models of symmetrical and asymmetrical bifurcations were created with increasing bifurcation angles (45°–240°), and 3D rotational angiography models of 13 middle cerebral artery (MCA) bifurcations (7 aneurysmal, 6 controls) were analyzed using computational fluid dynamics. For aneurysmal bifurcations, the aneurysm was digitally removed to uncover hemodynamics at the apex. WSS vectors along cross-sectional planes distal to the bifurcation apex were decomposed as orthogonal projections to the cut plane into longitudinal and transverse (tangential to the cross-sectional plane) components. Transverse rotational WSS (TRWSS) and TRWSS gradients (TRWSSGs) were sampled and evaluated at the apex and immediately distal from the apex.

RESULTS

In parametric models, increased bifurcation angle was associated with transverse flow vortex formation with emergence of an associated apical high TRWSS with highly aneurysmogenic positive TRWSSGs. While TRWSS decayed rapidly away from the apex in narrow-angle bifurcations, it remained greatly elevated for many radii downstream in aneurysm-prone wider bifurcations. In asymmetrical bifurcations, TRWSS was higher on the aneurysm-prone daughter vessel associated with the wider angle. Patient-derived models with aneurysmal bifurcations had wider angles (149.33° ± 12.56° vs 98.17° ± 8.67°, p < 0.001), with significantly higher maximum TRWSS (1.37 ± 0.67 vs 0.48 ± 0.23 Pa, p = 0.01) and TRWSSG (1.78 ± 0.92 vs 0.76 ± 0.50 Pa/mm, p = 0.03) compared to control nonaneurysmal bifurcations.

CONCLUSIONS

Wider vascular bifurcations are associated with a novel and to the authors’ knowledge previously undescribed transverse component rotational wall shear stress associated with a positive (aneurysmogenic) spatial gradient. The resulting hemodynamic insult, demonstrated in both parametric models and patient-based anatomy, is noted to decay rapidly away from the protection of the medial pad in healthy narrow-angle bifurcations but remain elevated distally downstream of wide-angle aneurysm-prone bifurcations. This TRWSS serves as a new contribution to the hemodynamic environment favoring aneurysm formation and progression at wide cerebral bifurcations and may have clinical implications favoring interventions that reduce bifurcation angle.
Follow-up imaging of clipped intracranial aneurysms with 3-T MRI: comparison between 3D time-of-flight MR angiography and pointwise encoding time reduction with radial acquisition subtraction-based MR angiography
Authors: Kim Jae Ho , Ahn Sung Jun , Park Mina , Kim Yong Bae , Joo Bio , Lee Woosung , Suh Sang Hyun
Published: November 2021

OBJECTIVE

Metallic susceptibility artifact due to implanted clips is a major limitation of using 3D time-of-flight magnetic resonance angiography (TOF-MRA) for follow-up imaging of clipped aneurysms (CAs). The purpose of this study was to compare pointwise encoding time reduction with radial acquisition (PETRA) subtraction-based MRA with TOF-MRA in terms of imaging quality and visibility of clip-adjacent arteries for use in follow-up imaging of CAs.

METHODS

Sixty-two patients with 73 CAs were included retrospectively in this comparative study. All patients underwent PETRA-MRA after TOF-MRA performed simultaneously with 3-T MRI between September 2019 and March 2020. Two neuroradiologists independently compared images obtained with both MRA modalities to evaluate overall image quality using a 4-point scale and visibility of the parent artery and branching vessels near the clips using a 3-point scale. Subgroup analysis was performed according to the number of clips (less-clipped [1–2 clips] vs more-clipped [≥ 3 clips] aneurysms). The ability to detect aneurysm recurrence was also assessed.

RESULTS

Compared with TOF-MRA, PETRA-MRA showed acceptable image quality (score of 3.97 ± 0.18 for TOF-MRA vs 3.73 ± 0.53 for PETRA-MRA) and had greater visibility of the adjacent vessels near the CAs (score of 1.25 ± 0.59 for TOF-MRA vs 2.27 ± 0.75 for PETRA-MRA, p < 0.0001). PETRA-MRA had greater visibility of vessels adjacent to less-clipped aneurysms (score of 2.39 ± 0.75 for less-clipped aneurysms vs 2.09 ± 0.72 for more-clipped aneurysms, p = 0.014). Of 73 CAs, aneurysm recurrence in 4 cases was detected using PETRA-MRA.

CONCLUSIONS

This study demonstrated that PETRA-MRA is superior to TOF-MRA for visualizing adjacent vessels near clips and can be an advantageous alternative to TOF-MRA for follow-up imaging of CAs.
Impacts of REDD+ in Mexico: Experiences of Two Local Communities in Campeche
Authors: Špirić Jovanka , Merlo Reyes Ana Edith , Ávalos Rodríguez Ma. Liliana , Ramírez M. Isabel
Published: November 2021

In 2010, the Mexican National Forestry Commission (Spanish acronym CONAFOR) implemented REDD+ early action activities in priority states, including Campeche. This article explores the impact of the forestry programs promoted under REDD+ on the diversification of household activities, benefit-sharing among local groups, and forest cover changes in two local communities in Campeche. It examines whether the design and implementation of these programs responded to local aspirations for equity and rural development by combining ethnographic and documental methods. In addition, it quantifies land-cover change (2013-2018) using high-resolution imagery and spatial analysis. It found no intracommunity equity or sustainable activity diversification resulting from the REDD+ implementation. Deforestation for livestock and agricultural mechanization was the dominant process observed both in dense and open forests. Although it has not made the situation worse, REDD+ has yet to provide social benefits for these two communities. To be considered a viable option locally, the program design under REDD+ must combine the implementation of several sustainable productive activities over a longer period and provide net monetary benefits to all local groups.