bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The new wave: Integrating artificial intelligence into ethical and multicultural counselling
Authors: Urom Chidozie , Grey Brittn , Lindinger‐Sternart Sylvia , Lucey Samantha
Published: September 2024

Background

The disruptive forces of the COVID‐19 pandemic offer an example of how cutting‐edge innovations such as telehealth became established in society. Simultaneous to the rise of telehealth, artificial intelligence (AI) has advanced rapidly and with the potential to further disrupt services across the spectrum of technology and healthcare delivery. Deemed as the next frontier in the mental health field, AI technology has introduced cutting‐edge innovations within human‐centred fields across disciplines (Espejo [Academic Psychiatry, 47, 437 and 2023]). This paper calls into question the transformative potential of AI in a field, such as psychotherapy and professional counselling, which is significantly based on human relations. As professional counsellors, it is imperative that AI does not dehumanise effective services based on empathy and positive regard.

Objectives

This article reviews the current landscape of AI and counselling research and offers two main messages: (1) what new or revised ethical standards are needed for clinical practice to prevent negative consequences of improper use when integrating AI and (2) the practical implications for effective multicultural counselling when integrating AI into psychotherapy and counselling services.
Based on Serum Pharmacochemistry and Metabolomics Studied the Pharmacodynamic Material Basis and Mechanism of Rubi Fructus (Fupenzi) in Improving the Symptom of Kidney‐Yang Deficiency
Authors: Chen Limei , Guo Xin , Wang Hui , Fang Yuan , Wei Wenping , Shan Si , Zang Zhenzhong , Liu Hongning , Guan Yongmei , Li Hui
Published: September 2024

Rubi fructus (Fupenzi) is the immature fruit of East China Rubi fructus, which is widely used in medicine, food, health food and other fields. Since ancient times, Fupenzi has been considered to be an important medicine for tonifying the kidney in terms of nourishing the liver and kidney, fixing essence and reducing urine, but its effective components and mechanism are not clear. In this paper, the effective components of Rubi fructus were analyzed by detecting the components of Fupenzi in vivo and in vitro. Adenine was used to replicate the model of kidney yang deficiency, and organ index, biochemical index and histopathology were used to evaluate the effect of different doses of Fupenzi on tonifying kidney yang. Metabonomics technique was used to analyze the metabolic regulation mechanism of Fupenzi in improving kidney yang deficiency syndrome. The results showed that 61 chemical constituents of Fupenzi were identified in vitro, including 18 flavonoids, 19 organic acids, 5 coumarins, 8 terpenoids, 7 amino acids and 4 other components. A total of 51 chemical components were identified, including 30 prototype components and 21 metabolic components, which may be the effective components of Fupenzi. The results of pharmacodynamics showed that compared with the model group, the renal index, testicular index and epididymal index of rats in each Fupenzi group were significantly improved (p<0.01), cAMP significantly increased (p<0.05), cGMP decreased (p<0.05) and cAMP/cGMP ratio increased significantly (p<0.05). The content of ACTH in low dose group increased significantly (p<0.05), while the content of ACTH in middle and high dose groups increased, but there was no significant difference. The results of HE staining showed that compared with the model group, the kidney, testis and epididymis of rats in each treatment group were significantly improved. In general, these changes may be mainly through primary bile acid biosynthesis, linoleic acid metabolism, steroid hormone biosynthesis, β‐alanine metabolism, glutathione metabolism, porphyrin and chlorophyll metabolism, unsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis, arachidonic acid metabolism, arginine and proline metabolism and other metabolic pathways to improve adenine‐induced metabolic disorders in rats with kidney‐yang deficiency syndrome.
Bio‐MOFs Based on Natural Phenolic, Hematoxylin Leverages Biomedical Applications: Enzyme Inhibition, Antioxidant, and Antibacterial Properties
Authors: Sahiner Mehtap , Tian Zhi , Demirci Sahin , Sunol Aydin , Allen‐Gipson Diane S. , Sahiner Nurettin
Published: September 2024

Here, using natural hematoxylin (HT) as linker, metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) from Cu(II), Fe(II), and Fe(III) ions was prepared. The SEM images and DLS analyses revealed HT‐based MOFs are <micrometer sizes with the highest surface area value of 49.2 m2/g for HT−Fe(III) MOFs. Interestingly, HT‐based MOFs exhibit fluorescent properties at λem=330 nm with fluorescence intensities of 11485, 2120, and 6790 (a.u) for HT−Cu(II), Fe(II), and Fe(III) MOFs, respectively. Moreover, HT‐based MOFs inhibited α‐glucosidase enyzme in a concentration‐dependent manner e. g., 33.1 %, 69.8 %, and 59.7 % of Cenzyme=500 mg/mL was inhibited by HT−Cu(II)‐MOF, HT−Fe(II)‐MOF, and HT−Fe(III)‐MOFs, respectively. The minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) values of HT−Cu(II) MOFs for Escherichia coli (gram −), Staphylococcus aureus (gram +), and Candida albicans are determined as 5, 5, and 10 mg/mL, respectively. Also, the antioxidant activities of 250 ppm HT‐based MOF based on total phenol content (TPC) tests revealed 279, 208, 124, and 152 mg.gallic acid equivalent/mL (mg GA equivalency/mL) for HT, HT−Cu(II) MOF, HT−Fe(II) MOF, and HT−Fe(III), respectively affirming that antioxidant properties were retained. Moreover, HT−Fe(II) and HT−Fe(III) MOFs (62.5 μg/mL) against human null‐1 lung cell line revealed cell viabilities of 98.7±12.2 % and 88.9±11.7 %, respectively as concentration‐dependent biocompatibility of MOFs.
Structure and Conductivity of Crosslinked Ca‐POE Polymer Electrolytes for Secondary Batteries
Authors: Brombin Federico , Pagot Gioele , Vezzù Keti , Roman Raul San , Martinez Cisneros Cynthia Susana , Ureña Nieves , Varez Alejandro , Sanchez Jean‐Yves , Di Noto Vito
Published: September 2024

Poly(oxyethylene) (POE) is frequently used as suitable component to prepare solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs), due to its: (i) ability to coordinate and dissociate doping salts; (ii) good mechanical properties; and (iii) high chemical and electrochemical stability. With the aim to obtain calcium secondary batteries, here we describe the preparation and studies of crosslinked Ca‐polycondensate (NPCY) electrolytes with formula NPCY/(CaTf2)x based on fragments of POE chains and CaTf2. The molecular weight of POE precursors is Y=400 and 1000 g ⋅ mol−1. The effect of POE molecular weight on the thermal, structural, and electrical properties of NPCY/(CaTf2)x is investigated revealing that in mesoscale this materials show: (i) two different nanodomains with polyether chains both “free” (not coordinating the cation) and involved in 4–4 coordination cages of Ca2+ metal ions; (ii) fα‐fast, fα‐cross and fα‐slow relaxation modes of polyether chains, detected by broadband electrical spectroscopy, which are coupled with the long‐range charge migration pathways of SPEs; (iii) that triflate (Tf−) anions, which act as plasticizers, modulate the inter‐chain migration processes of Ca2+ between polyether coordination sites. Finally, the conductivity values of NPCY/(CaTf2)x, which is up to 10−4 S ⋅ cm−1 at 80 °C, classify NPCY/(CaTf2)x as promising SPEs for the development of calcium secondary batteries.
The Many Facets of RuII(dppe)2 Acetylide Compounds
Authors: Rigaut Stéphane , Galangau Olivier
Published: September 2024

In this contribution, we describe the various research domains in which RuII alkynyl derivatives are involved. Their peculiar molecular properties stem from a strong and intimate overlap between the metal centered d orbitals and the π system of the acetylide ligands, resulting in plethora of fascinating properties such as strong and tunable visible light absorption with a strong MLCT character essential for sensing, photovoltaics, light‐harvesting applications or non‐linear optical properties. Likewise, the d/π mixing results in tunable redox properties at low potential due to the raising of the HOMO level, and making those compounds particularly suited to achieve redox switching of various properties associated to the acetylide conjugated ligand, such as photochromism, luminescence or magnetism, for charge transport at the molecular level and in field effect transistor devices, or charge storage for memory devices. Altogether, we show in this review the potential of RuII acetylide compounds, insisting on the molecular design and suggesting further research developments for this class of organometallic dyes, including supramolecular chemistry.
Detection of Guanine Quadruplexes by Raman Optical Activity and Quantum‐Chemical Interpretation of the Spectra
Authors: Kkadan Mohammed Siddhique Para , Jílek Štěpán , Profant Václav , Kapitán Josef , Kessler Jiří , Bouř Petr
Published: September 2024

Quadruplexes formed by guanine derivatives or guanine‐rich nucleic acids are involved in metabolism and genetic storage of many living organisms, they are used in DNA nanotechnologies or as biosensors. Since many quadruplex geometries are possible the determination of their structures in aqueous solutions is difficult. Raman optical activity (ROA) can make it easier: For guanosine monophosphate (GMP), we observed a distinct change of the spectra upon its condensation and quadruplex formation. The vibrational bands become more numerous, stronger, and narrower. In particular, a huge ROA signal appears below 200 cm−1. The aggregation can be induced by high concentration, low temperature, or by a metal ion. We focused on well‐defined quadruplexes stabilized by potassium, where using molecular dynamics and density functional theory the spectra and particular features related to GMP geometric parameters could be understood. The simulations explain the main experimental trends and confirm that the ROA spectroscopy is sensitive to fine structural details, including guanine base twist in the quadruplex helix.
Advent of oral medications for the treatment of hereditary angioedema
Authors: Valerieva Anna , Caballero Teresa , Magerl Markus , Frade Joao P. , Audhya Paul K. , Craig Timothy
Published: September 2024

Background

Hereditary angioedema (HAE) is a rare genetic disorder characterized by unpredictable, debilitating episodes of submucosal and/or subcutaneous tissue swelling, which may be life‐threatening depending on anatomic location. The two primary management strategies for HAE are ready access to effective on‐demand treatment in all patients and the prevention of attacks (short‐term prophylaxis [STP] and long‐term prophylaxis [LTP]) in appropriate patients. All approved on‐demand and most LTP medications require subcutaneous or intravenous administration. Injection‐related challenges include trypanophobia (fear of needles), difficulty with self‐administration, injection‐site reactions (e.g., pain, erythema, bleeding, bruising), and anxiety—all contributing to poor compliance and administration delays. Oral HAE treatments may improve outcomes by reducing treatment barriers.

Aim

To review oral therapies, approved or in development, for on‐demand treatment and/or prevention of HAE attacks.

Materials and Methods

To provide a comprehensive review, data was obtained from publicly available resources through a targeted PubMed literature review and supplemented by information provided on company websites (search cutoff of May 31, 2024).

Results

Berotralstat, an oral plasma kallikrein (PKa) inhibitor, is approved for LTP. Sebetralstat, another PKa inhibitor, is the investigational first oral on‐demand HAE treatment to complete a phase 3 trial. Deucrictibant, an oral bradykinin B2 receptor antagonist, has completed phase 2 trials for on‐demand therapy and LTP. Several other oral PKa inhibitors (ATN249, VE‐4666, and VE‐4062) are in early development for LTP.

Conclusion

Substantial advances have been made in the development of oral treatments for HAE. These treatments have the potential to improve and optimize clinical outcomes, satisfaction, and quality of life among patients with HAE.
First person profile: Eileen M. O’Reilly, MD
Authors: Nierengarten Mary Beth
Published: September 2024

This news section offers Cancer readers timely information on events, public policy analysis, topical issues, and personalities. This issue features Dr Eileen M. O’Reilly, whose research has resulted in the first new therapy in more than a decade for treatment‐naïve metastatic pancreatic cancer. In addition, androgen receptor signaling inhibitors have been linked to increased risk of cardiovascular adverse events in prostate cancer, and radiation alone has excellent outcomes for localized recurrences of endometrial cancer.
Does insulin resistance predict prostate cancer? Results from the Reduction by Dutasteride of Prostate Cancer (REDUCE) Trial
Authors: Zheng Renning , Daniels James P. , Moreira Daniel M. , Eslamimehr Shakiba , Freedland Alexis R. , Guerrios‐Rivera Lourdes , Fowke Jay H. , Freedland Stephen J.
Published: September 2024

Purpose

Prior studies testing the association between insulin resistance (IR) and prostate cancer (PC) risk are inconsistent. We examined the association between Homeostatic Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA‐IR; calculated from fasting baseline insulin and glucose) and PC in REDUCE, a 4‐year randomized trial of dutasteride vs. placebo for PC prevention.

Experimental design

All patients had prestudy negative biopsies and underwent study mandated biopsies at 2 and 4 years regardless of prostate‐specific antigen. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to investigate the associations between log‐transformed or categorized HOMA‐IR scores and PC risk. Multinominal regression was used to assess associations between HOMA‐IR scores and tumor grade (low grade [grade group 1]; high‐grade [grade groups 2–5]).

Results

Among 5430 REDUCE participants (1212 with PC; 856 low‐ and 356 high‐grade), higher HOMA‐IR was associated with lower PC risk (log‐HOMA‐IR: OR, 0.89; 95% CI, 0.80–0.99; p = .03; categorized HOMA‐IR: p‐trend = .04). When stratified by grade, HOMA‐IR was significantly associated with reduced low‐grade PC risk (log‐HOMA‐IR: OR, 0.84; 95% CI , 0.74–0.94; p = .003; categorized HOMA‐IR: p‐trend = .002) but was unrelated to high‐grade PC (log‐HOMA‐IR: OR, 1.02; 95% CI, 0.86–1.21; p = .81; categorized HOMA‐IR: p‐trend = .26). Results were similar in placebo and treatment arms.

Conclusions

In summary, higher HOMA‐IR was associated with a reduced risk of low‐grade PC but was not associated with high‐grade disease. The mechanisms to explain these findings are unclear.
High‐abundance and low‐cost anodes for sodium‐ion batteries
Authors: Dou Yichuan , Zhao Lanling , Liu Yao , Zhang Zidong , Zhang Yiming , Li Ruifeng , Liu Xiaoqian , Zhou Ya , Wang Jiazhao , Wang Jun
Published: September 2024

Nowadays, sodium‐ion batteries are considered the most promising large‐scale energy storage systems (EESs) due to the low cost and wide distribution of sodium sources as well as the similar working principle to lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs). Therefore, screening suitable materials with high abundance, low cost, and excellent reliability and modified with different strategies based on them is the key point for the development of sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs). In addition, the ideal anodes with high abundance, and low cost elements also greatly influence the cost of SIB systems, determining the large‐scale application. Herein, recent advances in carbon, iron, manganese, and phosphorus‐based anodes of various types, such as hard carbon, iron oxides, manganese oxides, and red phosphorus, are highlighted. The various sodium storage mechanisms and structure‐function properties for these four types of materials are summarized and analyzed in detail. Considering the commercial profits that the EESs can bring and their suitability for mass electrode manufacturing, the participation of high‐abundance and low‐cost elements such as Fe, Mn, C, and P is convincing and encouraging.
Phase 1 Evaluation of the Bioequivalence and Drug‐Drug Interaction Potential of a Novel Fixed‐Dose Combination of Ezetimibe, Atorvastatin, and Amlodipine
Authors: Lim Hyung Soon , Kim Jae Hoon , Hong Jang Hee , Jung Jin‐Gyu , Sunwoo Jung
Published: September 2024

A fixed‐dose combination (FDC) of ezetimibe, atorvastatin, and amlodipine has been developed to improve medication adherence among patients with cardiovascular diseases. In a randomized, open‐label, multiple‐dose, fixed‐sequence study involving 34 participants (Study 1), the potential drug‐drug interaction between ezetimibe/atorvastatin FDC and amlodipine was evaluated. Additionally, a randomized, open‐label, crossover study with 60 participants (Study 2) compared the pharmacokinetics (PKs) of ezetimibe/atorvastatin/amlodipine FDC to those of individual formulations. Co‐administration of the ezetimibe/atorvastatin FDC and amlodipine did not significantly alter the PKs of either drug. However, amlodipine resulted in a slight increase in systemic exposure to atorvastatin by approximately 23%. Geometric mean ratios (FDC to individual formulations) and 90% confidence intervals of area under the time‐concentration curve at steady state during dosing interval (AUCτ, ss) and maximum concentration at steady state (Cmax, ss) or amlodipine, atorvastatin, and ezetimibe were all within the bioequivalent range (0.8‐1.25), confirming bioequivalence. Moreover, the FDC of ezetimibe, atorvastatin, and amlodipine exhibited comparable tolerability to corresponding individual formulations.
An in‐depth study of dimension‐extended dragonfly interconnection network
Authors: Wang Yaodong , Li Yamin
Published: September 2024

Dragonfly topology is a commonly utilized design for interconnection networks in parallel and distributed systems. A classical dragonfly can be denoted as dragonfly(,,), where is the number of routers in a group, is the number of links per router connected to other groups, and is the number of links per router connected to compute nodes. Each router has other links fully connected to other routers within a group. Each group has links connected to other groups. The groups are also fully connected, therefore there are groups in total. The router radix in a dragonfly(,,) is. Building a large dragonfly system requires a large number of high‐radix routers, increasing hardware costs. To reduce hardware costs, this paper proposes a more flexible topology called dimension‐extended dragonfly (DED). Rather than routers in a group being fully connected, each router in a group is arranged in an‐dimensional matrix, and routers of the same dimension are fully connected. We use to denote the dimension such that each group in the DED has routers. This study comprehensively evaluates DED in terms of cost, performance, fault tolerance, and packet latency. The findings show that DED provides a more economical hardware solution compared to traditional Dragonfly and Cascade topologies, especially for. Beyond cost‐efficiency, DED enhances system design flexibility. It offers diverse possibilities for system scaling through different combinations of diameter and radix, giving system architects more adaptable options. To further enhance the versatility of DED, three disjoint path routing algorithms are proposed and their fault tolerance is evaluated through simulation. The simulation results also show that the packet latency of DED is lower than dragonfly and cascade.
Gradient‐Doped BiVO4 Dual Photoanodes for Highly Efficient Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting
Authors: Yang Xuhao , Liang Shuang , Miao Jiaming , Yang Yilong , Zhang sKan
Published: September 2024

Bismuth vanadate (BiVO4) is regarded as a promising photoanode candidate for photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting, but is limited by low efficiency of charge carrier transport and short carrier diffusion length. In this work, we report a strategy comprised of the gradient doping of W and back‐to‐back stacking of transparent photoelectrodes, where the 3–2 wt.% W gradient doping enhances charge carrier transport by optimizing the band bending degree and back‐to‐back stack configuration shortens carrier diffusion length without much sacrifice of photons. As a result, the photocurrent density of 3–2 % W:BiVO4 photoanode reaches 2.20 mA cm−2 at 1.23 V vs. hydrogen electrode (RHE) with a charge transport efficiency of 76.1 % under AM 1.5 G illumination, and the back‐to‐back stacked 3–2 % W:BiVO4 photoanodes achieves a photocurrent of 4.63 mA cm−2 after loading Co−Pi catalyst and anti‐reflective coating under AM 1.5 G illumination, with long‐term stability of 10 hours.
Synthesis of Urchin‐Like Au@TiO2 Nano‐Carriers as a Drug‐Loading System Toward Cancer Treatment
Authors: Anh Nguyen Thu , Thi Le Phuong , Ho Thi H. , Van Vu Sy , Nu Hoang Lo Tien , Park In , Pham Nguyet N. T. , Quoc Vo Khuong
Published: September 2024

In recent years, improving the pharmaceutical properties of drug delivery for anti‐cancer treatment has become increasingly important. This is necessary to address challenges related to absorption, distribution, and stability. One potential approach solution is to attach the drug to a carrier system, such as functional noble nanomaterials, in order to improve the control of drug release and stability. Core‐satellite nanoparticles (CSN) with an anisotropic morphology have enormous potential for targeted drug delivery and cancer treatment because of their large surface area, exceptional stability, and biocompatibility. We used a simple seed‐mediated approach to synthesize urchin‐like gold nanoparticles (ULGNPs) with a high aspect ratio and a dense network of 49 nm‐sized branches, using seed solution, silver nitrate, and ascorbic acid. The ULGNPs were synthesized without a surfactant and then encapsulated with thin layers of amorphous TiO2 (ULGNPs@TiO2), resulting in an average overall size of 136±15 nm with a 27.5 nm TiO2 layer. Doxorubicin (Dox) was chosen as a model drug to assess the distribution carrier ability of ULGNPs@TiO2 core‐satellite nanoparticles. The results showed 86.5 % Dox loading and 72.3 % release capacity at pH 5. The anti‐cancer ability of ULGNPs@TiO2‐Dox was meticulously assessed using breast cancer MCF‐7 cells in the WST‐1 assay. The results revealed that ULGNPs@TiO2‐Dox exhibited approximately 92 % toxicity in MCF‐7 cells compared to the free Dox of 89.6 % at low concentrations (5 ppm). Based on the simulation results for loading ULGNPs@TiO2 with Dox, it was observed that a structure containing five layers of Au (111) with three fixed bottom layers and two relaxed top layers, in addition to six TiO2 (100) layers, was analyzed using Grimme's DFT−D3 dispersion corrections (Scheme 1). The density functional theory (DFT) adsorption energy (Eads) shows that the amorphous TiO2 increases the Dox loading activity of ULGNPs, with Eads=−3.85 eV, negatively higher than isolated ULGNPs (Eads=−2.87 eV) and TiO2 alone (Eads=−3.61 eV). This drug carrier design has the potential to revolutionize anti‐cancer treatment.
Corporate social responsibility and capital structure: Moderating effect of culture
Authors: Mhiri Cyrine , Ajina Aymen , Hussain Nazim , Mnzava Bernard , Wieczorek‐Kosmala Monika
Published: September 2024

This paper investigates how cultural dimensions influence the relationship between corporate social responsibility (CSR) and a company's financing decisions. The study analyzes data from 780 non‐financial companies over the period 2011 to 2021. We provide strong evidence that CSR activities are negatively associated with the use of debt financing. Moreover, in cultures with high power distance, masculinity, long‐term orientation, indulgence, and uncertainty avoidance, intensified CSR efforts can reduce a firm's access to equity capital by decreasing informational asymmetry and agency costs. However, in more individualistic cultures, these cultural dimensions do not significantly affect the relationship between CSR and equity financing.
A Psychophysiological Investigation of Mechanisms Underlying “Feeling Fat” in Women With and Without Binge Eating
Authors: Mehak Adrienne , Wilson Samantha , Racine Sarah E.
Published: September 2024

Objective

“Feeling fat”, the somatic experience of being overweight not fully explained by objective body weight, is considered to be an eating pathology maintenance factor. The traditional clinical understanding of “feeling fat” is based on the body displacement hypothesis, which suggests that negative emotions are projected onto the body and experienced as “feeling fat” in lieu of adaptive emotion regulation. A more recent theory suggests that “feeling fat” occurs in response to thought‐shape fusion (TSF), a cognitive distortion in response to the imagined consumption of perceived fattening food. The present experimental study compared the roles of these two proposed mechanisms of “feeling fat” using self‐report and psychophysiological measures.

Method

Eighty‐two women (41 with binge eating, 41 control participants) self‐reported “feeling fat” and had their heart rate variability (HRV), a physiological index of emotion regulation, measured before and after imagined inductions. Participants imagined either a personalized negative affective experience or consuming a preferred, so‐called ‘fattening’ food.

Results

The TSF induction increased self‐reports of “feeling fat” among participants with binge eating but not among control women. The negative affect induction did not increase self‐reported “feeling fat” in either group. HRV did not significantly change in response to either induction for either group.

Discussion

TSF may be a more potent precursor to “feeling fat” than negative affect for individuals with binge eating. This may suggest new treatment directions, such as cognitive defusion from TSF when patients experience “feeling fat.” The utility of HRV in monitoring “feeling fat” is questionable.
Elucidating Li+‐Ion Interactions with Ethylene Carbonate: Insights from Vibrational Infrared Spectroscopy, Electron Affinity Analysis, and Charge Dynamics to Enhance Lithium‐Ion Battery Performance
Authors: Khan Junaid , Khan Matiullah , Uddin Waqar , Begum Paghunda , Ahmad Farhan , Khan Banaras , Sharif Muhammad Nawaz , Khan Muhammad Ajmal
Published: September 2024

Lithium‐ion batteries have many advantages in terms of safety and functionality compared to other batteries, which contain toxic heavy metals such as lead, nickel, cadmium, and mercury that are harmful to the environment and pose human health hazards. Herein, molecular dynamics simulations are employed to examine the chemical properties of Li+ when interacting with solid electrolytes, specifically solid electrolytes ethylene carbonate (EC). The coordination number of Li+ in this context is determined to be equal to 4 (n = 4). The distinctive characteristics of the absorption of lithium atoms (Li‐atoms) by EC in its equilibrium solvent state and as part of a complex Li+ cluster are also investigated. Vibration spectral analysis is employed to confirm one distinct Li atom with EC. This investigation reveals a noteworthy trend where the interconnection number of EC solvents experiences a distinct increase in direct correlation with a reduction in minimization energy and charge states of Li+ ion. Primarily investigation focuses on optimizing the energy associated with electron affinity and charge of ions in the context of EC solvent. This study exclusively supports the observation of three coordination states of EC calculated in the presence of Li+ (n = 1–4) and B represents the coordination number of the organic solvent ethylene
Density Functional Investigations on 2D‐Be2C as an Anode for Alkali Metal‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Jadav Hetvi , Matth Sadhana , Pandey Himanshu
Published: September 2024

Metal‐ion batteries are in huge demand to cope with the increasing need for renewable energy, especially in automobiles. In this work, we apply first‐principle calculations to examine two‐dimensional beryllium carbide (2D‐Be2C) as a possible anode material for metal‐ion (Na and K) batteries. 2D‐Be2C is a semiconductor and becomes metallic by adsorbing metal ions. Negative adsorption energy indicates stable adsorption on the monolayer of Be2C. Alkali metal diffusion barrier and optimum path for minimum energy are studied within the framework of the climbing image nudged elastic band method. Here, six intermediate images are considered between the initial and final states. The lowest diffusion barriers for a single adsorbed Na and K atom are 0.016 and 0.026 eV, respectively. A maximum open circuit voltage of around 1 V is computed for K ions, whereas 0.5 V is for Na ions. Also, the maximum storage capacity of the Be2C monolayer is estimated at 1785 Ah/kg.
Guideline for the extraction of nanocellulose from lignocellulosic feedstocks
Authors: Hu Mengtao , Lv Xiangxiang , Wang Yuxi , Zhang Yuhao , Dai Hongjie
Published: September 2024

Nanocellulose, derived from renewable plant sources, has emerged as a popular material due to its excellent properties and versatile applications across diverse industries. This guideline presents a comprehensive operational guideline designed to facilitate the efficient extraction of nanocellulose from lignocellulosic feedstocks. Beginning with a foundational overview of nanocellulose and the types of lignocellulosic feedstocks, this guideline firstly proceeds to discuss the pretreatment process prior to nanocellulose extraction, which mainly involves alkali treatment and bleaching to purify cellulose from lignocellulosic feedstocks. The guideline then delves into various extraction methods for nanocellulose, including mechanical, chemical, and enzymatic methods along with the detailed procedures, highlighting key factors such as method selection, processing conditions, and important considerations to keep in mind. Furthermore, the guideline emphasizes the specific steps for preparing cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) and cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs). By conducting a systematic review of current research, this guideline may provide helpful insights for researchers and practitioners engaged in nanocellulose production.
“High‐risk” tumors of the lip treated with external beam radiotherapy and high‐dose‐rate brachytherapy: Long‐term outcome
Authors: Mercke Claes , Friesland Signe , Berglund Anders , Johansson Gun Wickart , Margolin Gregori , Gubanski Michael , Björgvinsson Einar , Nilsson Josef
Published: September 2024

Background

Radiotherapy is a well‐established treatment for lip cancer, with external radiotherapy (EBRT) or brachytherapy (BT).

Methods

This study evaluated outcome, tumor control, and aesthetics, for 101 patients with carcinoma of the lip, not suitable for surgery, treated with combined EBRT and BT.

Results

Squamous cell carcinoma was seen in 78 patients, basal cell carcinoma in 15, and other histologies in 8 patients. Tumors were advanced: 73% in category T2‐T4. Local control at 3 and 5 years was 89%. Local failure appeared in 4/56 patients (7%) with primary RT compared to 7/45 (16%) in those with prior surgery, regional recurrence in 5 patients. Toxicity was mild. Cosmetic outcome, 87 patients evaluated, was bad for 9/40 patients with upfront surgery compared to 1/47 for primary RT patients (p = 0.003). Seven patients died from lip cancer (7%), three with originally N+ disease (43%).

Conclusions

Combined EBRT and BT could be considered for lip tumors not candidates for surgery.
Effect of process variables on heat transfer and the product quality during layer deposition of Al4043 alloy by wire arc additive manufacturing
Authors: Raghavendra Pai K. , Vijayan Vijeesh , Samuel Augustine , Narayan Prabhu K.
Published: September 2024

In the present work, heat transfer dynamics between the substrate and the deposited metal is investigated to assess its effect on the evolution of defects and the quality of the product. A series of experiments involving the deposition of Al4043 wire were conducted on Al4043 aluminum alloy substrate at a voltage range of 13–19 V. A one‐dimensional inverse computational model was adopted to estimate the heat flux transients. The metal/substrate interfacial heat flux was correlated with the microstructure evolution during the solidification of the metal. The experimental results clearly indicated that heat transfer plays a dominant role in the final finish and quality of the product and is controlled by variables, such as voltage, gas flow rate (GFR), wire feed rate (WFR), and forward traversal speed. At an integral heat flow (HF) in the range of 3000–5000 kJ/m2 corresponding to voltages between 13.8 and 14.5 V, argon GFR of 12–15 L/min, and a WFR of 4.1 mm/min, the porosity in the additively manufactured component was found to be minimum. The ultimate tensile strength was found to be 65 and 76 MPa, corresponding to the voltage of 13.5 and 14.5 V, respectively, and decreased to 25 MPa for a higher voltage of 19 V. At the GFR range of 8–10 L/min, the HF was in the range of 450–510 kJ/m2 with increased porosity (33%–42%). Porosity was found to decrease (15%–22%) with 12–15 L/min range of GFR and the corresponding HF was in the range of 700–950 kJ/m2. The specimens fabricated under these optimal parameters exhibited superior mechanical properties.
Heat and mass transfer of elastico‐viscous MHD fluid flow through a porous medium bounded by an oscillating porous plate in slip‐flow regime under Soret and Dufour effects
Authors: Dey Debasish , Borthakur Annwesha
Published: September 2024

In this work, we investigate the heat and mass transfer of elastico‐viscous magnetohydrodynamic fluid (Walter's model) flow through a porous medium bounded by an oscillating porous plate in a slip‐flow regime subjected to a uniform transverse magnetic field. The primary objective of this study is to examine the flow under forced convection, incorporating diffusion‐thermo and thermo‐diffusion effects, which represents the novelty of this research. The governing equations of the flow are solved numerically using a regular perturbation method for small . With practically feasible parameter values, numerical simulations are conducted to demonstrate the effects of associated parameters on the flow dynamics. Velocity, temperature, and concentration profiles are presented graphically for varying parameters, and skin friction (), Nusselt number (), and Sherwood number () are computed. It is observed that increasing the diffusion‐thermo effect reduces the thickness of the thermal boundary layer. Furthermore, a nonlinear relationship is observed between the thermal‐ diffusion effect and the concentration distribution of the flow field.
Working towards health: A model of cervical cancer screening and treatment for factory employees in Haiti
Authors: DeGennaro Vincent , Henderson Rebecca R. , Petterson Cynthia , Wilson Corey , Kanyandekwe Delphine , Fujii Yui , Guerrero‐Preston Rafael , Louis Nanotte , Elie Marie‐Carmelle , McKenzie Nathalie
Published: September 2024

Objective

In Haiti, cervical cancer continues to cause high levels of mortality and morbidity due to lack of resources and political unrest. Haitian women employed in factories are especially vulnerable because they are unable to take time away from work to access health resources. We aimed to describe a low‐cost intervention which successfully addressed this need.

Methods

We present a retrospective review of data gathered through a public–private partnership, in which women working in garment factories near Port‐au‐Prince, Haiti, were offered health education, clinical breast exam, and free human papillomavirus (HPV) self‐swab testing at their place of employment. Women testing positive for HPV were subsequently tested using visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA) to inform treatment referrals, and treated with mobile thermocoagulation in factory infirmaries. Factory‐employed healthcare workers were trained on cancer screening, including VIA and clinical breast exam.

Results

A total of 6843 out of 6983 (98%) female factory employees attended free reproductive health education sessions, and 4005 out of 4153 eligible women (97%) were screened using HPV self‐swab testing; 5176 women received a clinical breast exam. Of the women screened for HPV, 1001 (25%) tested positive and 905 (90%) of HPV‐positive women received VIA testing and thermocoagulation. The intervention had a total cost of US$76 000, over half of which was spent on an HPV testing machine.

Conclusions

Innovative approaches to the prevention of cervical cancer are especially necessary in very low‐resource, politically unstable environments like Haiti. Self‐swab and screen‐and‐treat programs in the workplace were acceptable to employees and factory owners. This low‐cost model was reached vulnerable women through a public‐private partnership, and tracked them through screening and treatment. It could be implemented elsewhere or extended to include other health services.
Artificial intelligence and radiomics applied to prostate cancer bone metastasis imaging: A review
Authors: Pawan S. J. , Rich Joseph , Le Jonathan , Yi Ethan , Triche Timothy , Goldkorn Amir , Duddalwar Vinay
Published: September 2024

The skeletal system is the most common site of metastatic prostate cancer and these lesions are associated with poor outcomes. Diagnosing these osseous metastatic lesions relies on radiologic imaging, making early detection, diagnosis, and monitoring crucial for clinical management. However, the literature lacks a detailed analysis of various approaches and future directions. To address this gap, we present a scoping review of quantitative methods from diverse domains, including radiomics, machine learning, and deep learning, applied to imaging analysis of prostate cancer with clinical insights. Our findings highlight the need for developing clinically significant methods to aid in the battle against prostate bone metastasis.
Reviewing identity development in young people living with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: de Klerk Elinda , Deacon Elmarí , van Rensburg Esmé
Published: September 2024

Introduction

Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM) is a chronic condition increasing among young people. Identity development occurs during an individual's life and can be significantly influenced by a chronic disease such as T1DM. We have critically reviewed the relevant scientific literature to understand young people's identity development with T1DM.

Methods

A critical review design was employed to answer the research question: “What does scientific literature state regarding identity development in young people living with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus?” Numerous databases were searched to include the most relevant scientific literature to answer the research questions. Boolean operator phrases were ultimately used to search for the literature. The initial screening produced 1319 scientific literature, among which seven articles were analyzed thematically.

Results

Analysis revealed several significant themes: The identity of young people with T1DM develops differently from those without this chronic condition; young people can either incorporate or contain their T1DM in their identity development, highlighting the complex nature of this process; and numerous external factors significantly influence identity development in young people living with a chronic condition such as T1DM.

Conclusion

The study underscores that identity develops differently in young people living with T1DM than in those without chronic conditions. However, the existing studies and literature exploring the experiences of young people living with T1DM have relied on information from caregivers and health professionals. This reliance on secondary sources underscores the urgent need for more research to obtain data from young people living with T1DM as a primary source. Such a shift in research practices is crucial to gaining a more comprehensive and accurate understanding of their experiences.
Blood Plasma Film Multifractal Scanning in COVID‐19 Consequences Diagnostics
Authors: Ushenko Alexander , Pavlyukovich Natalia , Khukhlina Oksana , Pavlyukovich Olexander , Soltys Iryna , Dubolazov Alexander , Ushenko Yurii , Gordey Ivan , Zheng Jun , Chen Zhebo , Bin Lin
Published: September 2024

A 3D phase scanning method was applied to study blood plasma facies, generating layered polarization maps of the object field. The most sensitive parameters to changes in birefringence distribution were identified. Multifractal analysis using wavelet transforms and fractal dimension spectra provided specific insights into the scale self‐similarity of the polarization maps. The multifractal spectra of ellipticity distributions were algorithmically derived, revealing that the third‐ and fourth‐order statistical moments were most sensitive to changes in the supramolecular networks of the facies. These findings were successfully applied to differentiate post‐COVID‐19 effects with high accuracy.
Elucidating the interplay of PPAR gamma inhibition and energy demand in adriamycin‐induced cardiomyopathy: In Vitro and In Vivo perspective
Authors: Seenivasan Kalaiselvi , Arunachalam Sankarganesh , P. B. Tirupathi Pichiah , Vasan Sanjay B. , Venkateswaran Meenakshi R. , Siva Durairaj , Gothandam Jeeva , Achiraman Shanmugam
Published: September 2024

Adriamycin is an anticancer anthracycline drug that inhibits the progression of topoisomerase II activity and causes apoptosis. The effective clinical application of the drug is very much limited by its adverse drug reactions on various tissues. Most importantly, Adriamycin causes cardiomyopathy, one of the life‐threatening complications of the drug. Altered expression of PPARγ in adipocytes inhibited the glucose and fatty acids uptake by down regulating GLUT4 and CD36 expression and causes cardiotoxicity. Therefore, the influence of Adriamycin in cardiac ailments was investigated in vivo and in vitro. Adriamycin treated rats showed altered ECG profile, arrhythmic heartbeat with the elevated levels of CRP and LDH. Dysregulated lipid profiles with elevated levels of cholesterol and triglycerides were also observed. Possibilities of cardiac problems due to cardiomyopathy were analyzed through histopathology. Adriamycin treated rats showed no signs for atheromatous plaque formation in aorta but disorganized cardiomyocytes with myofibrillar loss and inflammation in heart tissue, indicative of cardiomyopathy. Reduced levels of antioxidant enzymes confirmed the incidence of oxidative stress. Adriamycin treatment significantly reduced glucose and insulin levels, creating energy demand due to decreased glucose and insulin levels with increased fatty acid accumulation, ultimately resulting in oxidative stress mediated cardiomyopathy. Since PPARs play a vital role in regulating oxidative stress, the effect of Adriamycin on PPARγ was analyzed by western blot. Adriamycin downregulated PPARγ in a dose‐dependent manner in H9C2 cells in vitro. Overall, our study suggests that Adriamycin alters glucose and lipid metabolism via PPARγ inhibition that leads to oxidative stress and cardiomyopathy that necessitates a different therapeutic approach.
A critical systematic review of extracellular vesicle clinical trials
Authors: Mizenko Rachel R. , Feaver Madison , Bozkurt Batuhan T. , Lowe Neona , Nguyen Bryan , Huang Kuan‐Wei , Wang Aijun , Carney Randy P.
Published: September 2024

This systematic review examines the landscape of extracellular vesicle (EV)‐related clinical trials to elucidate the field's trends in clinical applications and EV‐related methodologies, with an additional focus on the acknowledgement of EV subpopulations. By analysing data from public reporting repositories, we catalogued 471 EV‐related clinical trials to date, with indications for over 200 diseases. Diagnostics and companion diagnostics represented the bulk of EV‐related clinical trials with cancer being the most frequent application. EV‐related therapeutics trials mainly utilized mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC) EVs and were most frequently used for treatment of respiratory illnesses. Ultracentrifugation and RNA‐sequencing were the most common isolation and characterization techniques; however, methodology for each was not frequently reported in study records. Most of the reported characterization relied on bulk characterization of EV isolates, with only 11% utilizing EV subpopulations in their experimental design. While this may be connected to a lack of available techniques suitable for clinical implementation, it also highlights the opportunity for use of EV subpopulations to improve translational efforts. As academic research identifies more chemically distinct subpopulations and technologies for their enrichment, we forecast to more refined EV trials in the near future. This review emphasizes the need for meticulous methodological reporting and consideration of EV subpopulations to enhance the translational success of EV‐based interventions, pointing towards a paradigm shift in personalized medicine.
Beyond basic characterization and omics: Immunomodulatory roles of platelet‐derived extracellular vesicles unveiled by functional testing
Authors: Palviainen Mari , Puutio Johanna , Østergaard Rikke Halse , Eble Johannes A. , Maaninka Katariina , Butt Umar , Ndika Joseph , Kari Otto K. , Kamali‐Moghaddam Masood , Kjaer‐Sorensen Kasper , Oxvig Claus , Aransay Ana M. , Falcon‐Perez Juan M. , Federico Antonio , Greco Dario , Laitinen Saara , Hayashi Yuya , Siljander Pia R.‐M.
Published: September 2024

Renowned for their role in haemostasis and thrombosis, platelets are also increasingly recognized for their contribution in innate immunity, immunothrombosis and inflammatory diseases. Platelets express a wide range of receptors, which allows them to reach a variety of activation endpoints and grants them immunomodulatory functions. Activated platelets release extracellular vesicles (PEVs), whose formation and molecular cargo has been shown to depend on receptor‐mediated activation and environmental cues.

This study compared the immunomodulatory profiles of PEVs generated via activation of platelets by different receptors, glycoprotein VI, C‐type lectin‐like receptor 2 and combining all thrombin‐collagen receptors. Functional assays in vivo in zebrafish and in vitro in human macrophages highlighted distinct homing and secretory responses triggered by the PEVs. In contrast, omics analyses of protein and miRNA cargo combined with physicochemical particle characterization found only subtle differences between the activated PEV types, which were insufficient to predict their different immunomodulatory functions. In contrast, constitutively released PEVs, formed in the absence of an exogenous activator, displayed a distinct immunomodulatory profile from the receptor‐induced PEVs.

Our findings underscore that PEVs are tunable through receptor‐mediated activation. To truly comprehend their role(s) in mediating platelet functions among immune cells, conducting functional assays is imperative.