bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparative evaluation of root fracture resistance using different root canal sealers
Authors: Chaudhari Wasifoddin A. , Bhadrarao Vundavalli V. , Jani Karna , Mohani Sana , Vairagare Swapneel , Kulkarni Tarani
Published: August 2022

Background : Fracture resistance is a mechanical property that describes the resistance of brittle materials to the catastrophic propagation of flaws under an applied load. Therefore any material that can compensate for this weakening effect could be useful. Thus to reinforce the instrumented teeth against fracture; sealers are used in conjugation with a core filling material. Material and Methods: One hundred and twenty extracted caries-free and visually assessed fracture-free, human single rooted mandibular premolar teeth were selected for the study. The prepared teeth were randomly divided into four experimental groups and two control group of 20 teeth each. One control group of 20 teeth where access opened and left unistrumented and unobturated.Group- I: Teeth obturated with gutta percha and epoxy resin based sealer;Group- II: Teeth obturated with polymer based core and methacrylate based  Sealer;Group- III: Teeth obturated with gutta percha and calcium silicate based sealer. ;Group IV: Teeth obturated with gutta percha and zinc oxide eugenol based sealer.;Group V: Teeth instrumented and obturated with gutta percha without use of  sealer (Positive control).;Group VI – Teeth with no instrumentation or obturation (Negative control).
Correlation of COPD and Metabolic syndrome and role of serum CRP level as a marker of systemic inflammation
Authors: Meher Bhanjan Kumar , Meher Sasmita , Patra Gopabandhu , Dhone Pravin G. , Rai Neeta
Published: August 2022

Introduction: -Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has effects that seems to be related with systemic inflammation. The objective of the current study was to find the relationship of metabolic syndrome and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels, as a marker of systemic inflammation in stable COPD patients with different severity levels and in age and sex matched control group .Materials and  Methods:-100 stable COPD patients and 50 control subjects were included in the study. The severity level in patients with COPD were determined according to GOLD (Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease) criteria. ATP III (The National Cholesterol Education Program’s Adult Treatment Panel III) was used in diagnosis of metabolic syndrome. Hs-CRP levels were measured in venous samples of patients and control subjects.  Results: - The frequency of metabolic syndrome was found higher in-patient group than control subjects, especially in GOLD stages I, II (p= 0.004). Abdominal obesity, hypertension, hyperglycaemia components of metabolic syndrome were significantly more prevalent in-patient group (p< 0.0001). Increased CRP levels were higher in control and patient groups in all GOLD stages, with metabolic syndrome than without metabolic syndrome (p= 0.046, p= 0.216, p< 0.001, p= 0.05, p= 0.466).
Prevalence of glaucoma in pathological myopia
Authors: Singh Punit , Malhotra Devika , Shah Aarushi , Vora Jainam , Mehta Jay , Dholu Suchi
Published: August 2022

Purpose: To find association of glaucoma in pathological myopia for their early diagnosis and treatment and to prevent patients from glaucoma associated blindness. Settings and design: Cross sectional study. Materials and methods: 102 high myopic patients coming to the outpatient department at Dhiraj hospital, Waghodia, Piparia, Vadodara had undergone complete ophthalmic evaluation along with detailed ocular and medical history followed by examination. Results: A detailed clinical observation was done on 102 eyes with pathological myopia with an average axial length of 28 mm which showed an overall glaucoma prevalence of 25%. The study population was divided into four different groups which showed an increased prevalence of glaucoma up to 10-20% for the first group with an axial length of 26 mm; 30% for the second group with an axial length of >26 mm; 36% for the third group with an axial length >28 mm; and finally, 40% for the fourth group with an axial length of >29 mm. It becomes very important to rule out the co-existence of myopic maculopathy and glaucomatous optic neuropathy (GON) in pathological myopia due to increased prevalence of glaucoma.
Desafíos de la educación en la sociedad actual
Authors: Caicedo Jarrison
Published: August 2022

Este documento es un ensayo argumentativo que expone las posturas del autor sobre el estado actual de la sociedad, los posibles desafíos y retos que debería afrontar la educación, en términos de calidad y eficiencia, como formadora de un individuo adaptable a su contexto. El trabajo académico tiene el propósito de alentar al lector hacia una nueva adquisición de conocimientos sobre los desafíos de la educación en la sociedad actual que le permita tomar una actitud crítica y ponga en práctica los argumentos que se señalan en algún ámbito de su vida diaria. Este ensayo se compone de tres partes principales, inicialmente se realiza la introducción donde se presenta el tema principal, luego se lleva a cabo el desarrollo donde se dan los argumentos de la tesis y, finalmente, se concluye de manera sintetizada las ideas planteadas.
Los libros de cuentos para mejorar la capacidad de comprensión lectora en el idioma inglés
Authors: Betanco Espinoza Josué Alexander , Gómez Hernández Dionmer Iván , Centeno Jakson Otoniel
Published: August 2022

El presente artículo es una revisión bibliográfica para un proyecto titulado: El uso de libros de cuentos para mejorar la habilidad de comprensión lectora en el idioma inglés. A través de este estudio, se plantean generalidades de la problemática del proyecto de investigación. Se llevo a cabo guías de observación para la realización del estudio, otros aspectos importantes fueron considerados como el contexto de la enseñanza del idioma inglés en Nicaragua. Al final, comparamos las similitudes o divergencias que existen entre la información encontrada por otros investigadores y lo encontrado en nuestro contexto en la sección de discusión.
ESTILO DE VIDA E PADRÃO ALIMENTAR DE PACIENTES COM SÍNDROME DO OVÁRIO POLICÍSTICO: REVISÃO DE LITERATURA
Authors: Kolitski Mayara Francini , Mazur Caryna Eurich , Schmitt Vania
Published: August 2022

A síndrome dos ovários policísticos (SOP) é um distúrbio multifatorial que ocorre em mulheres. Mudanças no estilo de vida, especialmente nos hábitos alimentares podem ter um papel no aumento da prevalência da SOP. Este estudo teve por objetivo investigar a associação da mudança de estilo de vida e padrão alimentar na SOP utilizando-se de revisão de literatura exploratória em artigos de língua inglesa. Por meio dos dados encontrados observa-se que mudanças no estilo de vida de mulheres com SOP precisam ser implementadas, visto que obesidade e resistência à insulina estão fortemente implicadas em sua etiologia e a redução desses fatores de risco devem ser o foco central do tratamento. O qual deve priorizar em uma reeducação alimentar e perda de peso, se necessário. Para assim, uma redução na resistência à insulina e na restauração da ovulação e fertilidade, sendo fundamental um acompanhamento de um nutricionista para auxiliar no processo.
COMPARAÇÃO DE TESTES BIOQUÍMICOS NO DIAGNÓSTICO E MONITORAMENTO DO DIABETES MELLITUS TIPO 1 EM ADOLESCENTES VULNERÁVEIS SOCIOECONOMICAMENTE: UMA REVISÃO DA LITERATURA
Authors: ESTRÊLA Diego Dos Santos Gomes , RIBAS José Lázaro Lins , CARNEIRO Danrley Oliveira
Published: August 2022

A natureza crônica, a gravidade das complicações e os meios necessários para o controle do DM1 a tornam onerosa para os indivíduos afetados, suas famílias e para o sistema de saúde, fazendo com que os custos de tratamento e monitorização de equipamento combinado com as necessidades diárias de um adolescente com DM1, possam representar um fardo financeiro significativo sobre toda a família. A renda per capita mensal predominante da família deste grupo é de entorno meio salário mínimo. A maior parcela de indivíduos que englobam esta renda apresenta inadequações metabólicas e outras consequências, trazendo gastos fixos e mensais, dentre estes gastos, destacam-se os testes laboratoriais. Neste contexto, este estudo visa comparar quais são os testes laboratoriais bioquímicos mais efetivos para o diagnóstico e monitoramento do DM1 em jovens socioeconomicamente vulneráveis, considerando as variáveis: preço, rapidez e custo-benefício. O desenho metodológico consistiu em uma revisão de literatura delimitada em artigos científicos no período de 10 anos, com início em 2009 e término em 2019. Foram selecionados os 10 testes bioquímicos mais utilizados no diagnóstico e monitoramento do tratamento do DM1, com base no preço, rapidez/método e custo-benefício, mediante a literatura consultada. Com os testes bioquímicos identificados verificou-se que é possível viabilizar e dinamizar o acesso e tratamento do paciente na assistência e cuidados em saúde, com uma resposta rápida e assertiva ao diagnóstico e monitoramento do seu tratamento. Os achados desta pesquisa possibilitam gerar um novo posicionamento por parte do Estado, somando às novas expectativas de alta resolubilidade proporcionada por este estudo, para então chamar atenção das autoridades em saúde.
Blended and Hybrid Learning Initiatives A curated list for El Salvador
Authors: Villavicencio Xuzel , Coflan Caitlin Moss
Published: August 2022

An output of the EdTech Hub, https://edtechhub.org
Producción de hormigón y los objetivos de desarrollo sostenible 9 y 11
Authors: Mack-Vergara Yazmin L
Published: August 2022

La industria de la construcción está muy relacionada con el desarrollo sostenible deseado por muchos países. Este estudio identifica el vínculo entre la producción de hormigón y el ODS 9 Industria, Innovación e Infraestructura y el ODS 11 Ciudades y Comunidades Sostenibles de las Naciones Unidas de manera que los productores de hormigón puedan contribuir al cumplimiento de dichos objetivos. El vínculo con el ODS 9 es más que todo indirecto. Sin embargo, dentro del ODS 9, el indicador 9.4.1 Emisiones de CO2 puede ser medido directamente. Dentro del ODS 11, se observan vínculos directos con distintas metas e indicadores.
Intelligibility between Iranun and Maranaw Languages through the Lens of Austin’s Speech Acts Theory
Authors: Catoto Jerson Sabang
Published: August 2022

There are languages in Southern Philippines that are closely related where speakers are mutually intelligible especially on the case of Maranaw and Iranun. The purpose of this qualitative study employing content analysis is to identify the mutual intelligibility of the two Danao languages-the Maranaw and Iranun. The analysis of the study was anchored from the framework of Austin (1962) on illocutionary acts in terms of verdictives, exercitives, commissives, behavitives, and expositives. Results revealed that these languages showed their closeness and easy understanding when speakers converse. In expositives for example, the word affirms, confirms, and not have the same equivalent in both languages. The same with commissives for vow, promise, and pledge. Almost the same in behavitives, however, during the interview, an Iranun speaker used a distinct word that is not intelligible among the Maranaw speakers. For, verdictives and exercitives, both languages used the same terminologies with the same meaning and used in the same contexts and situations. Furthermore, this paper emphasizes preservation of the rich cultural heritage. Though, these Danao languages are not considered endangered, but because of the scarcity of literatures, findings of this study could fill those gaps.
Retrospective Analysis of 136 Patients Operated for a Parotid Gland Tumor
Authors: lu serkan , ayral muhammed , toprak serdar
Published: August 2022

Background: We examined the patients who were operated for parotid gland tumor. In our study, we aimed to evaluate retrospectively the histopathological results, incidence, surgical treatment modalities and complications of parotid tumors operated in our clinic.
Methods: The files of 136 patients who were admitted to the Otorhinolaryngology department of Dicle University Medical Faculty Hospital between January 2010 and April 2020 due to a parotid mass and underwent parotidectomy and whose pathology results were reported as benign or malignant parotid tumors were retrospectively scanned and included in the study. Patients' age, gender, FNAB cytology result, type of surgery, histopathological results after surgery and complications after surgical treatment were recorded.
Results: A total of 136 patients, 73 (53.7%) male and 63 (46.3%) female, were included in the study. The mean age of the patients was 48.26±17.37 (min=14, max=83) years. Superficial parotidectomy was performed in 108 (79.4%) patients and total parotidectomy was performed in 28 (20.6%) patients. According to the histopathological results after surgery, 108 (79.4%) benign tumors and 28 (20.6%) malignant tumors were diagnosed. Accordingly, pleomorphic adenoma (47.8%) was the second most common with 65 patients, followed by Whartin tumor (25.7%) with 35 patients. The sensitivity (sensitivity) of FNAB was 85.2%, and the specificity (specificity) was 96.2%. The accuracy of FNAB was found to be 94.0%.
Conclusion: Good identification of the parotid mass preoperatively, together with both FNAB and radiological imaging methods, gains much more value in differentiating malignant and benign pathologies. While superficial parotidectomy is mostly sufficient in benign tumors, total parotidectomy-radical parotidectomy in malignant tumors and neck dissection should be considered in high-grade tumors even if there is no neck metastasis. Patients should be evaluated for RT and CT according to the tumor type after surgery.
Assessment and comparison of cardiovascular disease risk factors and biochemical parameters among men and women: A cross-sectional study.
Authors: Islam Saiful , Nobel Fahim , Sabrina Saima , Islam Ashekul , Islam Mohammod
Published: August 2022

Background: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is one of the most common causes of death among men and women worldwide. It is predicted that by 2030 around 23.3 million people will die as a consequence of CVD. There are numerous risk factors of CVD. The goal of this study is to examine the cardiovascular clinical and biochemical parameters of hospitalized CVD patients, as well as to assess the most common risk factors.
Methods: 72 known healthy individuals were randomly allocated to the control group (male 47 and female 25). We collected data through a questionnaire from 154 CVD patients as a study group (male 108 and female 46). Cardiovascular status was assessed using clinical parameters like hypertension, chest pain, shortness of breathing, pain in the arm, and biochemical parameters like lipid profile, RBS, Creatinine, and an electrolyte panel. Inter- and intra-group comparison was performed using SPSS and Microsoft excel.
Results: A total of 154 hospitalized CVD patients were analyzed (male 108 female 46) The most significant age group for males was observed 56- 65 years (mean 60) and female was 38-48 (43) years. A highly statistically significant increase was observed in total cholesterol and LDL in males than females, but a decrease in TG than females. Changes were also observed in other cardiovascular biochemical and clinical Parameters.
Conclusion: There was a significant difference in smoking status, physical activity, lipid panel, and other biochemical parameters among males and females.
Investigation of the relationship between matrix metalloproteinase-9 and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase with SARS CoV-2 infections
Authors: Ismael May , Rasuol Lubna , Qaddoori Yasir
Published: August 2022

SARS-CoV-2 stands for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 which is the causative agent of spreading coronavirus disease 2019 that is known as COVID-19 pandemic, the disease leads to severe acute respiratory illness. Matrix metalloproteinases- 9 (MMP-9) plays several important physiological functions. This enzyme could also be implicated in the "cytokine storm" in some way, which may represent one of the possible scianrios during coronavirus infection, in addition to its role in the mechanism of lung fibrosis on molecular basis.. The tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase (TIMPs) are well characterized for controlling the activity of MMPs in extracellular matrix remodeling. They also considered as signaling molecules analogous to cytokine activities in the sense of impact on a variety of biological processes; this study aimed to investigate the link between each of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1), and COVID19 disease. A total of 58 COVID-19 patients and 30 apparently healthy adults were enrolled in this study. The ORF1ab, E. and N genes of SARS-CoV-2 were detected using Multiplex real-time PCR, while the ELISA technique was used to estimate the level of serum matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1), and CRP. The study results demonstrated higher concentrations of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) in COVID-19 patients compared with controls, with non-significant differences obtained. Unlike, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1), showed considerably higher levels in the patients group than in controls, with high significant differences according to the data statistical analysis (p≤0.001). In a conclusion, the rising trend of TIMP-1 in COVID patients could be promising to suggest serum tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) as an applicable biomarker in the diagnosis of COVID‐19.
AYURVEDIC MANAGEMENT OF PEDIATRIC STAGE V CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE - A CASE REPORT
Authors: Akhani Parashar , Patel Sandhya , Gupta Shivnarayan
Published: August 2022

Background: Clear data reflecting epidemiology of end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) in India and economic burden placed by it are not available due to absence of a registry. The scenario about pediatric ESKD is still worse as the data about etiologies that contribute to ESKD are also not available. Over 90% of patients requiring renal replacement therapy (RRT) succumb to their ESKD as only a few specialized medical centers providing nephrology care are available. Lack of universal access to RRT and financial inability to afford the medical care are also few of the reasons for this. Sixty percent of the patient stop RRT after starting it due to financial restrains1. Unexpected complications after kidney transplantation also put a lot of financial burden on the patient and his/her family. So, a cheaper and easily available treatment should be available to such needy patients.

Case presentation: Father of a 9year-9month-old boy, who had been diagnosed as ESKD patient, sought Ayurvedic treatment for his son. The boys serum creatinine was 8.2mg%, urea 154gm%, serum calcium 5.6gm% and phosphorous 7 mg/dl with very severe degree of growth restriction. His weight and height were far below 5 percentiles. His whole-abdomen body sonography revealed small right kidney with poorly maintained corticomedullary differentiation, left kidney not visualized and a couple of 4-5mm-stones in gall bladder. At the time of presentation to our hospital he had already started developing renal rickets with mild degree of knock-knees and difficulty in walking of 10-days duration. His eGFR was < 5.8, which place the patient in stage V of CKD {end-stage renal disease (ESRD)}.

Management and outcome: After clinical evaluation the ayurvedic treatment, which included niruha basti (recto colonic administration of drug) was started. His clinical condition was closely watched as he had come with much elevated serum creatinine; however, the boy responded well psychologically, physically and biochemically. The boy is being followed up till date regularly since his hospitalization here in September, 2015 and the results are very promising in all aspects including physical and biochemical ones.
Evaluation of youtube videos about hashimoto’s thyroiditis in terms of quality and reliability
Authors: Kocabas Gokcen , Alarslan Pinar
Published: August 2022

This study aimed to evaluate the quality and reliability of Turkish YouTube videos about Hashimoto’s thyroiditis. This cross-sectional study was carried out using the first 66 videos, sorted according to the relevance, obtained following a video search performed on June 18, 2020, by typing ‘Hashimoto thyroiditis’ on YouTube. The quality and reliability of included YouTube videos were evaluated by two independent researchers using DISCERN, Global Quality Score [GQS] and JAMA criteria. The GQS2 scores of the patient (p=0.035), other healthcare personnel (p=0.019) and non-endocrinologist videos (p=0.028) were lower than those of endocrinologist videos (p=0.03). DISCERN2 scores of non-endocrinologist doctor (p=0.014), other healthcare personnel (p=0.022) and patient (p=0.008) videos were lower than those of endocrinologist videos (p<0.05). The number of views (p=0.002) and subscribers (p=0.007) of channels belonging to the institution or doctors were less than those of other groups. A positive correlation was found between video duration and number of likes (r=0.47), number of dislikes (r=0.28), JAMA1 (r=0.28), JAMA2 (r=0.29), DISCERN1 (r=0.27) and DISCERN2 (r=0.26). A positive correlation was found between the number of views and number of likes (r=0.82), dislikes (r=0.90) and subscribers (r=0.49). A positive correlation was found between JAMA1, JAMA2, GQS1, GQS2, DISCERN1 and DISCERN2 scores. The quality and reliability of endocrinologist videos for Hashimoto’s thyroiditis were greater. The quality and reliability of Hashimoto’s thyroiditis videos were not related to their popularity. YouTube videos published by doctors can serve as a quality and reliable learning interface about Hashimoto’s thyroiditis.
قصيدة أنداء لحسن يغنم دراسة أسلوبية
Authors: الفروي د.عبد الله محمد عبد ربه
Published: August 2022

قدمت الدراسة مقاربة أسلوبية لقصيدة (أنداء) للشاعر حسن يغنم، ووقفت عند المحددات الأسلوبية التي ميَّزت تجربة حسن يغنم الشعرية، وافترقت بها عن غيرها من التجارب الشعرية، من خلال مستويات التحليل اللغوي الصوتي التركيبي والدلالي، من خلال استجلاء أهم الظواهر الأسلوبية في المستويات الثلاثة؛ ولتحقيق ذلك استعانت الدراسة بالأسلوبية، وبخاصة الأسلوبية الإحصائية في بعض المواضع التي تقتضي الإحصاء.منهج الدراسة: اعتمدت الدراسة القراءة الأسلوبية الإحصائية منهجاً لها، مع توظيف المنهج الفني التكاملي في التحليل.أهم النتائج: توصلت الدراسة إلى عدد من النتائج أهمها:1-هيمنة صيغة فعلان إيقاعيًا على بنية النص الصوتية؛ مثل نغمة موسيقية مؤثرة وموحية بأشجان الشاعر، ومعبرة عن مشاعره وأحاسيسه الجياشة.2-هيمنة صيغتي الجمع والمصدر بصورة واضحة على بنية النص التركيبية والصوتية.3-احتلت التراكيب الفعلية مساحة كبيرة في بنية النص التركيبية، وكانت الجملة الماضوية هي الغالبة.4-استخدم الشاعر تكنيك السرد الحكائي وسيلة للتعبير عن مشاعره الفياضة تجاه المناسبة.5-غلب على النص الخطابية المباشرة، وتوظيف الصور البيانية البسيطة.
Learning to Listen: The Lesson of Engagement
Authors: Bruna Katherine R.
Published: August 2022

From the Associate Editor
Environment of Peace
Authors: Clark Helen
Published: August 2022

The SIPRI Lecture is an annual event focusing on major themes in peace and security. The event provides a platform for prominent global thought leaders who share the values underpinning SIPRI and its research. The fourth SIPRI Lecture, which was held in a hybrid format on 23 May 2022, was delivered by HE Helen Clark and focused on the theme ‘Environment of Peace’. The lecture presented the findings of the SIPRI report Environment of Peace: Security in a New Era of Risk. In her address, Clark pointed out that the climate crisis looms ever larger, the world is off track to meet the Sustainable Development Goals, and the war in Ukraine is not only having tragic consequences in Ukraine but also has potentially catastrophic repercussions far beyond that country’s borders. Transformative change is needed, which will require global cooperation; but the current geopolitical climate makes it far more difficult to address these interconnected risks.
Examining the Main Elements of Electric Vehicle Mobility
Authors: N Shilpa
Published: August 2022

In the field of electric vehicles, extensive research is being done. The research being done is examined from several angles. The investigations on various electric car components are addressed in this essay. Environmental factors, motor and converter design and control, and energy storage system technologies and strategies have all been looked into. The literature is utilized to present the switching topologies of the converters employed in the EVS.
A Review of Artificial Intelligence Applications in Machine Learning in Mordren World
Authors: Shekadar Megha Chidambar
Published: August 2022

The newest and most fascinating technique in artificial intelligence is machine learning. Many of the applications we use employ everyday learning techniques. Because Google or Microsoft have incorporated a learning mechanism by which online pages are ranked, they operate effectively as search engines. This learning also recognizes the photographs of pals while browsing Facebook. The learning system also aids in recognizing spam emails, saving the user the hassle of having to waste time sorting through the volume of spam emails. Therefore, this study has explored how machine learning functions as well as how it might be useful in the future.
Web-based Shopping Cart with RFID Technology
Authors: B Ramesh
Published: August 2022

Manufacturers have been creating devices in recent years that guarantee everyone's comfort. Their ability to shop without incident is one of the traits that has evolved. Although we cannot physically feel the product's essence when purchasing online, consumers may physically feel the product and manually compare it to other brands at a physical store. Customers do not know the exact cost of their purchases until they leave a mall. Additionally, customers have no idea where a product is located. Customers must stand in a long line at the billing counter to purchase a single item. The use of new technology can be used to solve these issues. Our solution was designed primarily using web applications and RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) technology. The Raspberry Pi and RFID hardware module that detects the RFID tags on products are integrated into the shopping cart. The RFID reader connected to the Raspberry Pi scans the ID included in the tag and shows the product's information, together with its quantity, on the web app after retrieving it from a database. Any browser can be used to access the web app on mobile phones and other portable devices. Additionally, in a mall, different product categories are shown according to how they were sorted. The bill is paid using the in-app wallet. We carried out the project using RFID technology.
Using Machine Learning Classifiers and A Virtual Voice Assistant for Common Tasks, An Employee Performance Evaluation Model is Used
Authors: R Byali
Published: August 2022

This study focuses on a conversational voice assistant for businesses that facilitates staff productivity and efficiency gains by speeding up routine, time-consuming operations. By using straightforward voice commands, they can manage conference rooms, arrange meetings, and adjust work hours thanks to speech recognition and TTS technologies. The necessity of employee performance analysis is also taken into account in this study, and this is done with the aid of machine learning classification models, specifically L1 and L2 Regularization, Random Forest, and Gradient Boost. The experimental results reveal that the Random Forest Classification Algorithm yields the highest accuracy, F1 Score, Train and Test AUC-ROC, with values of 97.08 percent, 98.27 percent, 99.82 percent, and 98.41 percent, respectively.
Supply Chain Management of PT HM Sampoerna Indonesia
Authors: Lee Cheng-Wen , Ande Taufiqquddin
Published: August 2022

The mission of PT HM Sampoerna is to give adult smokers in Indonesia the best smoking experience possible. One of the reasons for the company's success is the work of supply chain management within PT HM Sampoerna. The goals of this study are to see what factors influence supply chain management techniques in the cigarette sector in Indonesia, with a focus on PT HM Sampoerna Indonesia, to create supply chain management practices in PT HM Sampoerna, to evaluate the efficacy of PT HM Sampoerna's supply chain management, and to identify factors impacting supply chain management in PT HM Sampoerna. This research employs case study research, direct interviews with corporate employees, and secondary approaches such as industry and company websites. The management of the supply chain is generally highly successful. Because they only employ one distributor, PT HM Sampoerna's supply chain management is distinctive. PT Sampoerna gained various benefits that influence the performance of the organization after unifying its supply chain management.
Modernising Some Final Crown Prerogatives
Authors: McBain Graham
Published: August 2022

Modernising Some Final Crown Prerogatives.
Evaluating the Impact of Direct Taxes on Economic Growth: Empirical Evidence from Jordan
Authors: Basha Mazen Hasan
Published: August 2022

Existing literature reports contradictory findings about the impact of direct and indirect taxes on economic growth of different economies. In this regard, the objective of the current research is to investigate the impact of direct taxes on the economic growth of Jordan. GDP is considered an indicator of economic growth, so the impact of direct taxes is evaluated using the GDP of Jordan. The study has adopted a quantitative research approach using the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) technique. The findings of the study indicate that direct taxes (DT) have a significant negative effect on the economic growth of Jordan. This current research has significant implications for the Jordanian government and the policymakers of the Jordanian economy, and it is recommended that they should make significant modifications in levying direct taxes in a way that will contribute positively to the economic development of the country.
The Legal Character of Due Diligence: Standards, Obligations or Both?
Authors: Samuel Katja L.H.
Published: August 2022

The Legal Character of Due Diligence: Standards, Obligations or Both?

The concept of due diligence and its associated legal principles and obligations are of increasing significance in the global arena. Yet its definition, parameters and potential reach are often not clearly identified or understood. Notably, there can be a tendency, including by academics, courts and tribunals, to conflate due diligence standards with corresponding obligations, partly attributable to unclear and fluid definitional contours.

Attaining increased clarity between what is merely influential and what is formally binding is important since different legal consequences can ensue in the event of their breach. Whereas no formal consequences will accompany non-compliance with a non-legally binding standard, the breach of a primary rule or obligation can trigger international responsibility as articulated in the International Law Commission (ILC) Articles on State Responsibility 2001.

Specifically, the article examines whether due diligence constitutes a non-binding interpretative standard for other obligations and/or creates its own binding obligations; the contexts in which standards and obligations tend to exist; and the associated normative parameters of these findings. These issues are examined in legal contexts where due diligence is most developed – diplomatic law, the protection of aliens, international environmental law, law of the sea and international human rights law – although its findings are of wider significance. An overarching aim is to develop a generically applicable framework of global relevance on this important but largely under-researched issue. As such, it is expected to have significant impact potential.
MFN in BITs: The Deconstruction of State Consent to Dispute Settlement?
Authors: Pecoraro Alberto
Published: August 2022

MFN in BITs: The Deconstruction of State Consent to Dispute Settlement?

In international law, all tribunals, whether arbitral or judicial, are of attributed jurisdiction. The attribution of this jurisdiction is based on state consent and is limited by the terms thereof. Yet the rigours of state consent to investment dispute settlement have been eroded through the broad interpretation of most favoured nation clauses (or MFN clauses) by investment tribunals. The question addressed by the present article is whether an investment treaty’s MFN clause may be used to alter the terms of state consent to international arbitration by incorporating a more favourable dispute settlement clause contained in a third treaty. Its conclusion is that where an MFN clause merely refers to “treatment” and “all matters”, an investor cannot rely thereon in order to avoid the conditions attached by a state to its standing offer to arbitrate. In any way, MFN clauses encompass treatment accorded within a contracting party’s territory, and, by definition, international arbitration lies outside of a state’s territory and control.
Differences in Application of Proportionality Test by the Russian Constitutional Court and European Court of Human Rights in the Konstantin Markin Case
Authors: Ziyadov Nazim
Published: August 2022

Differences in Application of Proportionality Test by the Russian Constitutional Court and European Court of Human Rights in the Konstantin Markin Case

The first critical case that created serious tensions between the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) and the Russian Constitutional Court was Konstantin Markin v Russia, which by its nature was “non-political”. In Markin, the ECtHR openly criticized the Constitutional Court’s reasoning for the first time during this country’s interactions with the ECtHR. The main issue at stake in Markin was whether the Russian laws providing parental leave rights to mothers serving in the military were discriminatory in regard to male military fathers who did not enjoy identical rights. Both courts were required to evaluate whether the different treatment and limitations of a human right were allowed on the basis of the argument that the defence and security of the country as a public interest was at stake. The ECtHR found this practice to be discriminatory. By contrast, the Constitutional Court, in its earlier decision of 2009, had declared the application of Markin inadmissible. Accordingly, the Constitutional Court deemed the Russian legislation that was at issue to be non-discriminatory. The ECtHR selected the proportionality test for its evaluation of the limitations imposed on Markin. The Constitutional Court, in its turn, did not use any of the tests that are considered to be possible alternatives to the proportionality test. It started to apply the proportionality test, which is widely used in constitutional adjudication, but the test was not fully applied. No balancing between the private interests of a minority representative and a public interest to be protected by the imposition of such a limitation was performed. The overall objective of this article is to attempt to answer the two following research questions: were the starting grounds used for legal analysis applied with respect to the Markin case by the two courts comparable, and were the judicial reasoning techniques used by the Constitutional Court in line with the minimal standards applicable to the interpretation of human rights law?
Theoretical Background and Legislative Framework for Implementation of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights in Kazakhstan
Authors: Shangirbayeva Beibit
Published: August 2022

Theoretical Background and Legislative Framework for Implementation of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights in Kazakhstan

This article aims to explore the theoretical background and legislative framework for the implementation of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) in Kazakhstan. The author discusses monistic and dualistic approaches to correlations of international law with national law to clarify the policy of Kazakhstan towards international human rights treaties, in general, and the ICCPR, in particular. Kazakhstan is seen by the researcher as a country that has adopted policy that lies between monism and a moderate dualism. The amendments to the Constitution of March 2017 reflect the country’s position on the issue. In Kazakhstan, expression of consent to be a party to an international treaty usually requires parliamentary approval authorizing the president to ratify an international agreement. By analysing the national law of Kazakhstan, the author has found that the ICCPR is placed above domestic law, but below the Constitution of the State and that the provisions of the ICCPR have supremacy over national legislation, but not over the Constitution of the Republic. This article discusses the problems of incorporation into and applicability of international treaties in domestic law. The researcher doubts that all ICCPR provisions are directly applicable at the domestic level and that this impedes the viability of the instrument. The article raises questions of interpretation of the ICCPR provisions in Kazakhstan and the impact of the ICCPR on the Kazakh judiciary. Studying all these issues is helpful in explaining the legal conditions for implementation of the ICCPR in Kazakhstan as the instrument that will ultimately have an impact on people’s lives. In the case of Kazakhstan, one may observe that implementation of the ICCPR provisions transforms per se the domestic law of Kazakhstan.
Legal Instruments of the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation: A Case of Missed Opportunities?
Authors: Tsybulenko Evhen , Platonova Anastassiya
Published: August 2022

Legal Instruments of the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation: A Case of Missed Opportunities?

Since its creation in 2001, the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO) has not produced legal instruments that could have a significant impact on the legal environment in the region, although its organisational goals call for such action. This chapter will explore the following hypothesis: the SCO is in a good position to propose treaties that will benefit the development of Asian region and strengthen ties between states, and doing so would satisfy its organisational goals. First, it will be established whether the SCO indeed has enough influence over its member states and provides, or is capable of providing, tools for international law making. Thereafter, common needs of the region will be highlighted, and those needs will be matched against the SCO’s goals, in order to establish which needs the SCO should address, such as drug trafficking and weapon trafficking, energy partnership, information exchange related to the threat of terrorism, a rational regime for using natural resources and a support system in case of natural disasters. Selected issues will be examined separately, and components to be addressed by hypothetical legislation will be identified. The chapter will conclude by answering or reiterating why the SCO, as an international organisation, is not yet as effective as it could be.
Central Asian States’ Compliance with International Refugee and Human Rights Law
Authors: Azhigulova Khalida
Published: August 2022

Central Asian States’ Compliance with International Refugee and Human Rights Law

Both China and Central Asian states are parties to the major international human rights instruments that demand protection of the human rights of ethnic and religious minorities as well as protection of refugees from persecution based on their ethnicity and religious and political views. This chapter explores how Central Asian states have been balancing their international human rights obligations towards Chinese Uyghur asylum seekers and their regional obligations under the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO) to fight against terrorism, extremism and separatism. The author finds that Central Asian states have continuously treated Chinese asylum seekers as a political matter and have given preference to their regional commitments towards China over their international human rights obligations, which has resulted in the absence of any real protection for Chinese asylum seekers in the region. This chapter argues that while Central Asian states may see compliance with human rights obligations to be politically inconvenient, only due compliance with international refugee and human rights law in good faith will benefit these states in the long run. In particular, a strictly legal approach to Chinese asylum seekers will help Central Asian states assert their sovereign equality and independence within the SCO and balance out China’s growing influence on their domestic policy.
Olivier Beauvallet (ed.), Dictionnaire encyclopédique de la justice pénale internationale (Berger-Levrault, 2017), 1052 pp.
Authors: Atadjanov Rustam B.
Published: August 2022

Olivier Beauvallet (ed.), Dictionnaire encyclopédique de la justice pénale internationale (Berger-Levrault, 2017), 1052 pp.

A good encyclopedic dictionary aims at offering a complete description of the topic, with a choice of entries arranged alphabetically and selected to convey a range of knowledge. The “Dictionnaire encyclopédique” under this review deals with international criminal justice and lays out fundamental elements of the modern system of international criminal justice as well as the underlying theory and present practice. The review explains the coverage, purposes, language aspects, and substantive elements of the entries in the dictionary citing several selected examples out of those entries. It also points out some of the missing elements in the dictionary’s content which, if included, could have only benefited the already very well written and edited volume. The main conclusion of the review is that the “Dictionnaire encyclopédique de la justice pénale internationale” represents a comprehensive, easy-to-navigate and mostly up-to-date collection of 250 brief encyclopedic articles which is strongly recommended as a reference tool for legal specialists, jurists, and students.
Justice caught between being and having
Authors: Garapon Antoine
Published: August 2022

Justice caught between being and having

This article proposes a new philosophical framework for restorative justice: restorative justice is concerned with being, whereas conventional justice is implicitly focused on having. I will take two examples to illustrate that this quest for new forms of justice is more focused on being than on measures and on equivalences: mass atrocities on the one hand, and widespread sexual violence on the other (committed either within the Catholic Church, or in society in general that provoked strong reactions as shown recently by the #MeToo movement). These two situations seem very different from one another, but they reveal common features. In both examples, the aim of justice is to re-establish the individual and the political into their being. Massacres and rape have long existed, but there were traditional healing processes and an usnchallenged patriarchal order. Liberal societies decided to do without the consoling role of religion (that still exist but emigrated in privacy), and to contest violence even in the intimacy of societies such as patriarchal order. This explains why courts pay an increasing and overall transformed role in our democracies: they became an instance for recognition and not only of arbitration on rights. Justice plays a more central role because it deals with the symbolic efficacy of meaning, the fact that we are affected by our common values in a shared understanding of life. The function of justice is neither to solve problems nor to provide care for individuals, but to re-enact the reasons why we go on living together and to eventually modify them for a better future.
ANALISIS SPASIAL PERUBAHAN TUTUPAN LAHAN TAHUN 1998 DAN TAHUN 2018 DI DESA TANATORO KABUPATEN SIDENRENG RAPPANG
Authors: Asra Reza
Published: August 2022

Perubahan penutupan dan penggunaan lahan adalah salah satu langkah dalam mengontrol lingkungan dan ekosistem yang didalamnya termasuk aktivitas manusia. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu mendeteksi perubahan tutupan lahan tahun 1998 dan tahun 2018 dengan menggunakan data penginderaan jauh dan sistem informasi geografis (GIS). Citra  satelit yang digunakan yaitu citra Landsat 5 untuk tahun 1998 dan citra Landsat 8 untuk tahun 2018. Untuk pembagian kelas klasifikasi dibuat berdasarkan kondisi (data) penutupan lahan sebenarnya di lapangan dan dibatasi menurut kebutuhan pengklasifikasian. Untuk mendapatkan hasil klasifikasi yang baik, peta penutupan lahan tahun 2018 dilakukan pengujian akurasi (accuracy assessment). Data yang diperoleh kemudian dianalisis menggunakan analisis spasial menggunakan GIS (Geographic Information System) dengan metode overlay. Output analisis spasial dan data yang diperoleh perubahan penutupan lahan tahun 1998 dan tahun 2019. Pada rentang waktu 20 tahun yakni pada tahun 1998 sampai pada tahun 2018 terjadi penurunan atau pengurangan luas sebesar 1.062,33 ha (7,05%) pada hutan primer sedangkan hutan lahan sekunder mengalami peningkatan luas sebesar 609,62 ha (4,04%), peningkatan luas juga terjadi pada pertanian lahan kering campuran sebesar 275,7 ha (1,83%), semak belukar bertambah luas sebesar 45,4 ha (0,3%) dan tanah terbuka  bertambah luasan sebesar 131,61 ha (0,87%).
UJI ADAPTASI DAN ANALISIS MOLEKULER BEBERAPA MUTAN JAGUNG TERHADAP KEKERINGAN
Authors: Nurnawati Andi Ayu , BDR Muh. Farid , Musa Yunus
Published: August 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui genotipe mutan jagung yang berkerabat paling jauh dengan induknya serta mendapatkan genotipe jagung yang adaptif dan toleran terhadap kekeringan.  Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan Juli - November 2014 di Laboratorium Biologi Molekuler Balitsereal Maros dan lahan di Desa Bontosunggu Kecamatan Galesong Utara Kabupaten Takalar.  Penelitian ini menggunakan metode isolasi DNA marka SSRs (Simple Sequence Repeats) terhadap 14 genotipe jagung dan uji adaptasi di lahan kering menggunakan Rancangan Petak Terpisah dalam 3 ulangan dengan  petak utama perlakuan pengairan yang terdiri atas tanpa pengairan dengan pengairan normal.   Anak petak yaitu perlakuan genotipe dengan tingkat ketersediaan air (KA) yang berbeda-beda pada penelitian sebelumnya diantaranya Bisma 100 Gy KA 60%, Bisma 100 Gy KA 80%, Bisma 100 Gy KA 100%, Bisma 200 Gy KA 60%, Bisma 200 Gy KA 80%), Bisma 200 Gy KA 100%, Lamuru 100 Gy KA 60%, Lamuru 100 Gy KA 80%, Lamuru 100 Gy KA 100%, Lamuru 200 Gy KA 60%, Lamuru 200 Gy KA 80%, Lamuru 200 Gy KA 100%, Bisma tanpa iradiasi, dan Lamuru tanpa iradiasi.  Hasil penelitian di laboratorium menunjukkan bahwa 34 – 91 % polimorfisme dalam suatu populasi dimana genotipe Bisma 100 Gy dan Bisma 200 Gy yang sebelumnya ditanam pada kondisi KA masing-masing 100%, genotipe Lamuru 100 Gy dan Lamuru 200 Gy yang sebelumnya ditanam pada KA masing-masing 60%, serta genotipe Lamuru 200 Gy yang sebelumnya ditanam pada KA 80% mempunyai kekerabatan paling jauh dengan induknya.  Uji adaptasi di lapangan memperlihatkan hasil bahwa genotipe berasal dari Bisma 200 Gy yang dianggap toleran terhadap kekeringan dengan nilai tertinggi pada berbagai komponen parameter pengamatan di lapangan.  Parameter pengamatan tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun, bobot tongkol kupasan basah, jumlah biji per baris, dan diameter tongkol merupakan karakter yang dapat dipakai sebagai tolok ukur ketahanan terhadap cekaman kekeringan