bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Neglected fishery data sources as indicators of pre‐industrial ecological properties of Mediterranean swordfish (Xiphias gladius, Xiphiidae)
Authors: MacKenzie Brian R. , Addis Piero , Battaglia Pietro , Consoli Pierpaolo , Andaloro Franco , Sarà Gianluca , Nielsen Anders , Romeo Teresa
Published: March 2022

Management of fish populations and ecosystems suffers from data and knowledge gaps, particularly with respect to how humans and nature affect dynamics at multi‐decadal and longer time scales. However, collection of new data which indicates population or ecosystem status is slow and expensive. Here we analyse c. 110 years of neglected fishery data for an overexploited top predator, swordfish, in the Mediterranean Sea. These data are available at scales of high time–space–biological resolution (i.e., sub‐weekly, sub‐regional sea; individual weights) and allow different ecological questions to be addressed than is possible with coarsely scaled data (e.g., annually resolved total catches aggregated over large sea areas). We constructed regional indicators of population status (relative abundance, mean individual size and its variability, migration phenology) covering most of the 20th century, and pre‐dating other population datasets by 50–70 years. The length and duration of these new time series allowed detection of significant multi‐annual/decadal variations in abundance and mean weight not detectable in shorter, more recent time series. These new data and evidence of multi‐annual variability in population variables improve knowledge of Mediterranean swordfish ecology. The findings provide a new basis on which further historical data recovery and analysis of contemporary data can provide new perspectives and opportunities for quantifying vulnerability of populations to exploitation and climate change.
Hypoglycemic effect on adult zebrafish (Danio rerio) of the 3β‐6β‐16β‐trihydroxylup‐20(29)‐ene triterpene isolated from Combretum leprosum leaves in vivo and in silico approach
Authors: Coutinho Marnielle Rodrigues , da Silva Antonio Wlisses , Ferreira Maria Kueirislene Amâncio , de Lima Rebouças Emanuela , Mendes Francisco Rogênio S. , Teixeira Edson Holanda , Marinho Emanuelle Machado , Marinho Márcia Machado , Marinho Emmanuel Silva , Teixeira Alexandre Magno Rodrigues , de Menezes Jane Eire Silva Alencar , dos Santos Hélcio Silva
Published: March 2022

Drugs used to manage type 2 diabetes mellitus cause adverse effects. Therefore, the search for new drugs as an alternative for the treatment of diabetes increases. The effect of triterpene 3β‐6β‐16β‐trihydroxylup‐20(29)‐ene isolated from the leaves of C. leprosum (CLF‐1) on sucrose‐induced hyperglycemia in adult zebrafish (Danio rerio) was evaluated. Initially, adult zebrafish (n = 6/group) underwent hyperglycemia induction by sucrose at 83.25 mM/L for 7 days by immersion. The hyperglycemic groups were treated with CLF‐1 (4, 20, and 40 mg/kg), metformin (200 mg/kg), and acarbose (300 mg/kg) for 4 days. The in silico interaction of CLF‐1, metformin, and acarbose with the enzyme maltase‐glucoamylase (CtMGAM) was investigated. CLF‐1 reduced sucrose‐induced hyperglycemia after 4 days of treatment, in addition to having better affinity energy with CtMGAM than metformin and acarbose. Thus, CLF‐1 may be a new pharmacological alternative as a hypoglycemic agent for the treatment of diabetes.
Ontario family justice in “lockdown”: Early pandemic cases and professional experience
Authors: Houston Claire , Birnbaum Rachel , Bala Nicholas , Deveau Kate
Published: March 2022

The COVID‐19 pandemic has profoundly affected families and children involved in Ontario's family justice system as well as family justice professionals in the province. In a span of two years, Ontario's family justice system has been fundamentally transformed, from a paper‐based, in‐person system to a paperless system in which many services, including judicial proceedings, continue to be largely delivered remotely. We report on the findings of two studies on the impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on Ontario family justice: (1) an analysis of early pandemic court decisions; and (2) a survey of family justice professionals about their experiences during the early pandemic. We describe how the pandemic has exacerbated access to justice issues for certain groups, including families experiencing high conflict, victims of intimate partner violence, families involved in child welfare proceedings, and self‐represented litigants, while improving access to justice for others by improving efficiency and reducing legal costs. As Ontario moves past the pandemic, the family justice system will need to ensure that technological advances improve access to justice for all court‐involved families.
Soil organic matter, rather than temperature, determines the structure and functioning of subarctic decomposer communities
Authors: Robinson Sinikka I. , O’Gorman Eoin J. , Frey Beat , Hagner Marleena , Mikola Juha
Published: March 2022

The impacts of climate change on ecosystem structure and functioning are likely to be strongest at high latitudes due to the adaptation of biota to relatively low temperatures and nutrient levels. Soil warming is widely predicted to alter microbial, invertebrate, and plant communities, with cascading effects on ecosystem functioning, but this has largely been demonstrated over short‐term (<10 year) warming studies. Using a natural soil temperature gradient spanning 10–35°C, we examine responses of soil organisms, decomposition, nitrogen cycling, and plant biomass production to long‐term warming. We find that decomposer organisms are surprisingly resistant to chronic warming, with no responses of bacteria, fungi, or their grazers to temperature (fungivorous nematodes being an exception). Soil organic matter content instead drives spatial variation in microorganism abundances and mineral N availability. The few temperature effects that appear are more focused: root biomass and abundance of root‐feeding nematodes decrease, and nitrification increases with increasing soil temperature. Our results suggest that transient responses of decomposers and soil functioning to warming may stabilize over time following acclimation and/or adaptation, highlighting the need for long‐term, ecosystem‐scale studies that incorporate evolutionary responses to soil warming.
Approximating the Length of Vehicle Routing Problem Solutions Using Complementary Spatial Information
Authors: Mei Xi , Curtin Kevin M. , Turner Daniel , Waters Nigel M. , Rice Matthew
Published: March 2022

Accurately estimating the length of Vehicle Routing Problem (VRP) distances can inform transportation planning in a wide variety of delivery and service provision contexts. This study extends the work of previous research where multiple linear regression models were used to estimate the average distance of VRP solutions with various customer demands and capacity constraints. This research expands on that approach in two ways: first, the point patterns used in estimation have a wider range of customer clustering or dispersion values as measured by the Average Nearest Neighbor Index (ANNI) as opposed to just using a Poisson or random point process; second, the tour coefficient adjusted by this complementary spatial information is shown to exhibit statistically more accurate estimations. To generate a full range of ANNI values, point patterns were simulated using a Poisson process, a Matern clustering process, and a simple sequential inhibition process to obtain random, clustered, and dispersed point patterns, respectively. The coefficients of independent variables in the models were used to explain how the spatial distributions of customers influence the VRP distances. These results demonstrate that complementary spatial data can be used to improve operational results, a concept that could be applied more broadly.
Autonomous and intercellular chemokine signaling elicited from mesenchymal stem cells regulates migration of undifferentiated gastric cancer cells
Authors: Okamoto Daiki , Yamauchi Natsuko , Takiguchi Gosuke , Nishita Michiru , Kakeji Yoshihiro , Minami Yasuhiro , Kamizaki Koki
Published: March 2022

Accumulating evidence demonstrates that bone marrow (BM)‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) play critical roles in regulating progression of various types of cancer. We have previously shown that Wnt5a‐Ror2 signaling in MSCs induces expression of CXCL16, and that CXCL16 secreted from MSCs then binds to its cognate receptor CXCR6 on the surface of an undifferentiated gastric cancer cell line MKN45 cells, eventually leading to proliferation and migration of MKN45 cells. However, it remains unclear about a possible involvement of another (other) cytokine(s) in regulating progression of gastric cancer. Here, we show that CXCL16‐CXCR6 signaling is also activated in MSCs through cell‐autonomous machinery, leading to upregulated expression of CCL5. We further show that CCR1 and CCR3, receptors of CCL5, are expressed on the surface of MKN45 cells, and that CCL5 secreted from MSCs promotes migration of MKN45 cells presumably via its binding to CCR1/CCR3. These data indicate that cell‐autonomous CXCL16‐CXCR6 signaling activated in MSCs upregulates expression of CCL5, and that subsequent activation of CCL5‐CCR1/3 signaling in MKN45 cells through intercellular machinery can promote migration of MKN45 cells. Collectively, these findings postulate the presence of orchestrated chemokine signaling emanated from MSCs to regulate progression of undifferentiated gastric cancer cells.
Extreme pathological symptom generated by Dermocystidium koi infection of common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) in Hungary
Authors: Sellyei Boglárka , Molnár Kálmán , Cech Gábor , Varga Ádám , Székely Csaba
Published: March 2022

Dermocystidiosis in common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) as a skin infection in the form of small, pea‐sized bulging nodules is well‐known in Hungary. Its occurrence is sporadic, and the pathogenic effect is generally moderate. Nonetheless, here we report an unusual case of the infection when a mass of dermocystid spore‐filled hyphae‐like cysts formed a large tumour‐like nodule under the skin intruding deeply in the red muscle on one side occipital region of the fish body. Histological sections showed that the tumour‐like nodule was composed of two layers, a pale peripheral part with a high mass of cysts surrounded by some cell debris of muscle cells and a dark central part with a less dense meshwork of tubular cysts which were embedded in the partially damaged red muscle tissue. No infection was found in the white muscle. Sequences of 18S rDNA of spores from the tumour‐like nodule showed a complete identity to sequences from typical bulging nodules in skin. They were also highly similar to the sequences of D. anguillae clones (99.5%–99.4%), to some samples of D. salmonis (99.7% and 99.4%), and to the Dermocystidium sp. CM‐2002 (99.4%) from European perch.
Preparation of skim milk powder tablet and finite element analysis of its pressing die
Authors: Vishwakarma Siddharth , Dalbhagat Chandrakant Genu , Mishra Hari Niwas
Published: March 2022

The skim milk powder (SMP) has problems of quantification and handling during milk reconstitution for tea and coffee making. To address these issues, a novel product, “SMP tablet,” was made by varying moisture content (3, 5, 10, and 15% wet basis) of SMP and compression force (625, 750, 875, 1,000, and 1,125 N) during tableting. A die containing upper, lower, and grooved punches was designed, fabricated, and analyzed with finite element method. The tetrahedral type of mesh with 1.9078–2.356 mm element size, 0.095–0.118 mm tolerance, 80,420–85,107 nodes, and 53,041–57,252 elements resulted in 40.53–68.60 MPa maximum stress and 1.9–4 minimum factor of safety advocating acceptability of design. The SMP was pressed inside die through universal testing machine in controlled manner and disintegration time (DT), tensile strength (TS), and insolubility index (ISi) of SMP tablets were evaluated. Response surface methodology showed cubic model as best fit (p < .0001 and R2 > .97) for all the responses. The numerical optimization showed 4.6% wb moisture and 1,125 N compression force favorable for good quality attributes (103.8 kPa TS; 318 s DT; 40.5 mg ISi). Further, sugar addition (10%), as a disintegrating agent, improved DT (178 s) and TS (159 kPa). The SMP tablet with sugar had 14.90 ± 0.05 mm average diameter, 5.04 ± 0.18 mm thickness, 625 ± 6 mg weight, and 3.45% weight variation with similar total soluble solids (5%) at 60°C compared with SMP. The direct consumable, no artificial additives/binders and ease in quantification are tablets' novelty comparing SMP.

Practical applications

Poor quantification and handling are the two major issues with SMP. This can be easily combated by pressing the powder and converted into tablet form. The quantity of required number of SMP tablets for milk reconstitution can be easily remembered like sugar cubes. The SMP tablets can be marketed as novel dairy products and taken directly or used in coffee and tea making. Moreover, this study will provide an insightful information to dairy industry for commercial application of SMP tablets.
Post‐event flood mapping for road networks using taxiGPSdata
Authors: Kong Xiangfu , Yang Jiawen , Qiu Jiandong , Zhang Qin , Chen Xunlai , Wang Mingjie , Jiang Shan
Published: March 2022

Dynamically updated and fine‐grained flooding maps are critical for situational awareness and decision support. However, traditional methods, such as eyewitness reports, remote sensing, and hydrology models, may fail to correspond with the rapidly changing urban hydrological environment. The presence of crowdsourced data (such as social media data) allows for timely and cost‐effective monitoring of flood hazards through collective observations; however, such data can be unreliable due to sample bias and low spatiotemporal resolution. Therefore, new measures to identify flood‐affected roads are desirable. In this study, we propose a methodology that leverages taxi GPS data to support post‐event flood mapping for the road network. This method can identify whether a significant reduction in the taxi passing rate for a road segment was related to precipitation, and automatically recognize the flood‐affected roads based on a logistic regression model. Using taxi GPS data in Shenzhen as an example, we derived the flood map of the road networks, and compared and validated the results. This study demonstrated the usefulness of taxi GPS data in generating high‐quality flood maps and the value of incorporating multiple data sources for sensing near real‐time flood in the city.
Quantitative criticalism: Guidelines for conducting transformative quantitative family science research
Authors: Curtis Michael G. , Boe Joshua L. , King V. Elizabeth , Osborne Kimberly R.
Published: March 2022

Historically, research has been used by systems of authority to marginalize and oppress minoritized populations. Family scientists have recently begun the work of disentangling themselves from these oppressive legacies (e. g., White supremacist, sexist, heterosexist, cisgenderist, etc.). As such, the field is at a vital crux in which there is a need to challenge prevailing quantitative methodological assumptions and practices in order to address and disrupt how statistical analyses can shape family sciences away from a social‐justice agenda. Drawing upon principles of critical social theory, critical race theory, and Black Feminist scholarship, this article elaborates on how family scientists can utilize Quantitative Criticalism, or QuantCrit, as a framework for conducting social justice‐orientated quantitative research. We conclude by illustrating how the tenets of QuantCrit can be utilized throughout the research process. It is our hope that readers will identify moments in their own scholarship in which these tenets can be applied.
Relationship of anthropometric measurements with glycated hemoglobin and 1‐h blood glucose after 50 g glucose challenge test in pregnant women: A longitudinal cohort study in Southern Thailand
Authors: Liabsuetrakul Tippawan , Sriwimol Wilaiwan , Jandee Kasemsak , Suksai Manaphat , Dyereg Jaeuddress
Published: March 2022

Aims

To assess correlations of anthropometric measurements with glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and 1‐h blood glucose after a 50 g glucose challenge test during the first and late second trimesters and explore their relationships of anthropometric measurements with neonatal birth weight.

Methods

A longitudinal study was conducted among pregnant Thai women with gestational age ≤14 weeks. Anthropometric measurements, using body mass index, body compositions, and circumferences, and skinfold thickness, were measured at four‐time points: ≤14, 18–22, 24–28, and 30–34 weeks of gestation. HbA1c and 1‐h blood glucose were examined at ≤14 and 24–28 weeks. Neonatal birth weight was recorded.

Results

Of 312 women, HbA1c was more correlated with anthropometric measurements during pregnancy than 1‐h blood glucose. At 24–28 weeks, women with high/very high body fat percentage were more likely to have higher HbA1c. Women with high subscapular skinfold thickness were more likely to have higher 1‐h blood glucose at ≤14 and 24–28 weeks. High hip circumference significantly increased neonatal birth weights.

Conclusion

Anthropometric measurements were longitudinally correlated with HbA1c and 1‐h blood glucose, higher in the late second than first trimesters, as well as neonatal birth weight. The mechanisms to explain the relationship of different anthropometric measurements are required to be further studied.
Quantitative susceptibility mapping versus phase imaging to identify multiple sclerosis iron rim lesions with demyelination
Authors: Huang Weiyuan , Sweeney Elizabeth M. , Kaunzner Ulrike W. , Wang Yi , Gauthier Susan A. , Nguyen Thanh D.
Published: March 2022

Background and Purpose

To compare quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) and high‐pass‐filtered (HPF) phase imaging for (1) identifying chronic active rim lesions with more myelin damage and (2) distinguishing patients with increased clinical disability in multiple sclerosis.

Methods

Eighty patients were scanned with QSM for paramagnetic rim detection and Fast Acquisition with Spiral Trajectory and T2prep for myelin water fraction (MWF). Chronic lesions were classified based on the presence/absence of rim on HPF and QSM images. A lesion‐level linear mixed‐effects model with MWF as the outcome was used to compare myelin damage among the lesion groups. A multiple patient‐level linear regression model was fit to establish the association between Expanded Disease Status Scale (EDSS) and the log of the number of rim lesions.

Results

Of 2062 lesions, 188 (9.1%) were HPF rim+/QSM rim+, 203 (9.8%) were HPF rim+/QSM rim–, and the remainder had no rim. In the linear mixed‐effects model, HPF rim+/QSM rim+ lesions had significantly lower MWF than both HPF rim+/QSM rim– (p < .001) and HPF rim–/QSM rim– (p < .001) lesions, while the MWF difference between HPF rim+/QSM rim– and HPF rim–/QSM rim– lesions was not statistically significant (p = .130). Holding all other factors constant, the log number of QSM rim+ lesion was associated with EDSS increase (p = .044). The association between the log number of HPF rim+ lesions and EDSS was not statistically significant (p = .206).

Conclusions

QSM identifies paramagnetic rim lesions that on average have more myelin damage and stronger association with clinical disability than those detected by phase imaging.
Outcome and prognostic factors in infective endocarditis in dogs: 113 cases (2005‐2020)
Authors: Reagan Krystle L. , Visser Lance C. , Epstein Steven E. , Stern Joshua A. , Johnson Lynelle R.
Published: March 2022

Background

Factors associated with outcome in dogs diagnosed with infective endocarditis (IE) are not well characterized.

Objectives

Evaluate outcome and prognostic factors in dogs with IE.

Animals

One hundred and thirteen dogs with IE.

Methods

Medical records for dogs that fulfilled the modified Duke criteria between 2005 and 2020 were retrospectively reviewed. Signalment, preexisting conditions, clinicopathologic findings, treatment regimen, and outcomes were recorded. Univariate logistic regression was performed to identify categorical factors associated with mortality, and then multivariate analysis was performed.

Results

Dogs were categorized as survivors (n = 47), non‐survivors (n = 57), or lost to follow‐up (n = 9). Survival to discharge and at 1 month was documented in 79 (70%) of 113 and 56 (54%) of 104 dogs, respectively, with median survival time (MST) of 72 days. Risk factors associated with mortality included development of congestive heart failure (odds ratio [OR], 11.8; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.4‐97.8), thromboembolic events (OR, 5.7; 95% CI, 2.3‐14.4), and acute kidney injury (OR, 6.2; 95% CI, 2.0‐18.8). Administration of antithrombotic medications was associated with survival (OR, 0.35; 95% CI, 0.13‐0.97). Dogs that were not treated with antithrombotics had MST of 92 days, whereas dogs treated with antithrombotics did not reach MST during the study period. The heart valves involved and etiologic agent identified did not correlate with outcome.

Conclusion and Clinical Importance

Dogs with IE that had thromboembolic events, acute kidney injury, or congestive heart failure had higher risk of mortality. Administration of antithrombotics was associated with prolonged survival time.
Examining differentiation of sympatricSchizothoraxfishes reveals low differentiation in internal compared to external feeding traits
Authors: Gu H. , He X. , Wu Y. , Deng S. , Jiang Y. , Yu J. , Deng Z. , Xing K. , Wang Z.
Published: March 2022

In the process of sympatric species differentiation, which feeding traits are most differentiated? The complete feeding process of capture, ingestion, and digestion requires certain external, as well as internal traits. Therefore, comprehensive comparisons are needed to study fish feeding habits. This study systematically investigated the adaptive radiation and parallel evolution ofSchizothoraxfishes, and quantified the external, frame, pharyngeal bone, and digestive traits of the systematically differentiated omnivorousSchizothorax davidiand herbivorousS. wangchiachii. A member of their sister genus, the carnivorousPercocypris pingi, was used as an outgroup control to explore the feeding differentiation of sympatricSchizothoraxfishes. The results showed that these species had highly differentiated external traits, while the internal traits (pharyngeal bone and digestive traits) showed low differentiation, indicating that predatory traits diverged first in the differentiation of sympatricSchizothoraxfishes, while chewing and digestive traits were slower to diverge. Furthermore, we screened 16 continuous feeding traits, and the quantified values of these traits progressively increased or decreased with increasing nutritional level of food. These findings provide a reference for the selection of quantitative indicators in future studies of sympatric species differentiation.
The Relationship Between Assessment‐Related Stress, Performance, and Gender in a Class Test
Authors: Prokofieva Victoria , Kostromina Svetlana , Brandt‐Pomares Pascale , Hérold Jean‐François , Fenouillet Fabien , Velay Jean‐Luc
Published: March 2022

An assessment‐related stress is an object of interest of both educational and neurobiological research. In educational literature, “feeling stressed” is measured by self‐reports and mostly in the situation of high‐stakes examinations before and after an exam. In neurophysiological research, “acute stress” is laboratory observed through controlled variables. However, the studies of functionally measured stress in real school context are missing in scientific literature. This article relates the results of a study carried out in a real school context during a class test. Stress data obtained through the functional measurement (heart rate variability) in 16 students and behavioral data in 76 students were analyzed. The results show that class tests under assessment are more stressful compared with nonassessed tests. A decrease in number of correct responses and an increase in response time was observed. Girls show better performance and respond more slowly under assessment. The results are discussed in the scope of interdisciplinary research.
Comparative transcriptomics of fungal endophytes in co‐culture with their moss host Dicranum scoparium reveals fungal trophic lability and moss unchanged to slightly increased growth rates
Authors: Chen Ko‐Hsuan , Liao Hui‐Ling , Arnold A. Elizabeth , Korotkin Hailee B. , Wu Steven H. , Matheny P. Brandon , Lutzoni François
Published: March 2022

Mosses harbor fungi whose interactions within their hosts remain largely unexplored. Trophic ranges of fungal endophytes from the moss Dicranum scoparium were hypothesized to encompass saprotrophism. This moss is an ideal host to study fungal trophic lability because of its natural senescence gradient, and because it can be grown axenically.

Dicranum scoparium was co‐cultured with each of eight endophytic fungi isolated from naturally occurring D. scoparium. Moss growth rates, and gene expression levels (RNA sequencing) of fungi and D. scoparium, were compared between axenic and co‐culture treatments. Functional lability of two fungal endophytes was tested by comparing their RNA expression levels when colonizing living vs dead gametophytes.

Growth rates of D. scoparium were unchanged, or increased, when in co‐culture. One fungal isolate (Hyaloscyphaceae sp.) that promoted moss growth was associated with differential expression of auxin‐related genes. When grown with living vs dead gametophytes, Coniochaeta sp. switched from having upregulated carbohydrate transporter activity to upregulated oxidation‐based degradation, suggesting an endophytism to saprotrophism transition. However, no such transition was detected for Hyaloscyphaceae sp.

Individually, fungal endophytes did not negatively impact growth rates of D. scoparium. Our results support the long‐standing hypothesis that some fungal endophytes can switch to saprotrophism.
Liberating older adults from the bonds of vascular risk factors: What is their impact on financial capacity in amnestic mild cognitive impairment?
Authors: Giannouli Vaitsa , Tsolaki Magda
Published: March 2022

Background

There is a pressing need to clarify whether vascular risk factors (VRFs) are related to the heterogeneous cognitive performance found in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and whether the number of VRFs relates to financial capacity impairment in patients with amnestic MCI (aMCI).

Methods

A total of 112 participants were divided into three groups: patients with single‐domain aMCI, patients with multiple‐domain aMCI, and healthy controls (HCs), while taking into consideration whether participants had a diagnosis of one VRF or disease, or more than one VRF or disease. Patients with aMCI with VRFs (one and more than one VRF) and HCs did not differ significantly in age, education, and sex. Mini‐Mental State Examination, 15‐item Geriatric Depression Scale, and Legal Capacity for Property Law Transactions Assessment Scale (LCPLTAS) were administered to all groups.

Results

Diagnosis (P <0.001) and VRFs (P = 0.006) showed significant main effects on LCPLTAS but no interaction (P = 0.654). Patients with aMCI with high vascular burden were more frequently of the multiple‐domain subtype, whereas patients with no vascular burden were more frequently of the single‐domain subtype. A larger vascular burden is correlated with lower LCPLTAS scores.

Discussion

Vascular burden plays an important role in the heterogeneity of aMCI by impairing financial capacity.
Toward a culture of peacebuilding and complex identity in the post‐COVID world
Authors: Vorkunova Olga A.
Published: March 2022

This article addresses the questions of what is new about complex identity and what it means for peacebuilding. I begin with the notion that scales and identity must be considered in their totality, as part of a complex bundle of technological, economic, and socio‐cultural forces. I also point out that peacebuilding is a process that gradually evolves and not a thing that suddenly appears. While every new age holds marked change, it also contains elements of continuity. Peacebuilding is then defined as holding five essential components: (1) building self‐sustainable peaceful societies, (2) democratic transition processes, (3) economic reform and development, (4) institution‐building, and (5) structural adjustment. The last section of the article lists both the positive and negative implications that post‐COVID world portends for peacebuilding. The good news includes rising prosperity, development cooperation and aid, and increased democracy. The bad news consists of sharpening imbalances, increased social disorder, and greater people’s expectations. Finally, I suggest some ways of coping with these prospects.
Pros and cons of causative association between periodontitis and rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Koziel Joanna , Potempa Jan
Published: March 2022

Research in recent decades has brought significant advancements in understanding of the molecular basis of the etiology of autoimmune diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis, a common systemic disease in which an inappropriate or inadequate immune response to environmental challenges leads to joint destruction. Recent studies have indicated that the classical viewpoint of the immunological processes underpinning the pathobiology of rheumatoid arthritis is restricted and needs to be expanded to include a more holistic and interdisciplinary approach incorporating bacteria‐induced inflammatory reactions as an important pathway in rheumatoid arthritis etiology. Here, we discuss in detail data showing the clinical and molecular association of rheumatoid arthritis development with periodontal diseases. We also describe the unique role of periopathogens, which have been proposed to be crucial in the initiation and progression of this autoimmune pathological disorder.
Collective Neoliberalism and Market Fundamentalism: Why Concerned People Acquiesce to the Oil and Gas Industry1
Authors: Malin Stephanie A. , Mayer Adam , Roeser Kassandra
Published: March 2022

In the United States, unconventional oil and gas (UOG) production has elicited strong public response. As production occurs amid residential and commercial spaces, environmental, social, economic, regulatory, and mental health impacts have been documented across locations. Some community groups have mobilized against this activity, whereas others have not. We examine how and why UOG production becomes normalized despite its disruptions and risks. Through years of fieldwork, we have observed limited organized mobilization. Even activists express hesitation to demand transformative changes or complete stoppage of UOG production. Yet the drivers of these dynamics need to be better understood. We argue that these passive “sites of acceptance” emerge through a two‐part influence of neoliberalism. First, a mosaic of ideas and policy measures privileging deregulation and free markets manifests itself in a unique discourse we call collective neoliberalism. Second, neoliberalism as a system of governance creates a fractured, devolved regulatory environment ripe for regulatory capture and lacking sufficient resources. This, in turn, can discourage local efforts to limit or regulate UOG production as regulators seem unresponsive, poorly resourced, or tacitly more supportive of industry than the public. We use ethnographic data collected amid dense, widespread UOG production in Colorado to illustrate these patterns.
Characterization of the novel HLA‐C*12:354 allele by sequencing‐based typing
Authors: Wojciechowski Elodie , Cargou Marine , Guidicelli Gwendaline , Ralazamahaleo Mamy , Visentin Jonathan
Published: March 2022

HLA‐C*12:354 differs from HLA‐C*12:03:01:01 by one nucleotide substitution in codon 240 in exon 4.
Characterization of the novel HLA‐B*46:01:28 allele
Authors: Chen Nanying , Dong Lina , Zhang Wei , He Ji , Zhu Faming
Published: March 2022

HLA‐B*46:01:28 differs from HLA‐B*46:01:01:01 by one single nucleotide substitution at position 390 C > T.
Occurrence rate and risk factors for long‐term central line‐associated bloodstream infections in patients with cancer: A systematic review
Authors: Belloni Silvia , Caruso Rosario , Cattani Daniela , Mandelli Giorgia , Donizetti Daniela , Mazzoleni Beatrice , Tedeschi Michele
Published: March 2022

Introduction

Central line‐associated bloodstream infection (CLABSI) is a public health problem that harms patients' outcomes and healthcare costs, especially in susceptible populations such as patients with cancer. Overall, systematic queries about etiology, risks, and epidemiology are explained by data from observational studies, which better underline the relationship between factors and incidence of disease. However, no recent systematic reviews of observational studies on adult patients with cancer have been conducted on this topic, considering the wide range of all potential factors which can contribute to the increase in infection rate in the hospitalized adults with cancer. This study systematically reviewed observational studies investigating the occurrence rate of CLABSI and its risk factors for long‐term inserted central catheter‐related infections in hospitalized adult cancer patients.

Methods

A systematic review was performed on four databases from the earliest available date until December 2020. Retrospective and prospective cohort studies focused on the occurrence rate of CLABSI and its risk factors in hospitalized adult cancer patients. The pooled occurrence rate of CLABSI (95% CI) was calculated by applying a random‐effects model.

Results

Of 1712 studies, 8 were eligible, and the data of device‐related infection rate were meta‐analyzed. The pooled occurrence rate of CLABSI was roughly 8% (95% CI [4%, 14%]). The device characteristics, device's management aspects, therapies administration, and select patients' clinical conditions represent the main risk factors for long‐term catheter‐related infection in cancer patients.

Linking Evidence to Action

Considering the substantial infection rate among cancer patients, identifying risk rate factors is pivotal to support evidence‐grounded preventive strategies and maximize cancer patient safety. This study's results could guide policymakers and healthcare leaders and future research studies to disseminate appropriate risk‐reducing management culture and implement standardized research and clinical approach to the investigated phenomenon as an infection surveillance strategy.
Empowering Primary School Students, Potential Benefits of Resistance Training Movement Activities in Physical Education: Narrative Review
Authors: Sortwell Andrew , Marinho Daniel A. , Knijnik Jorge , Ferraz Ricardo
Published: March 2022

Physical education (PE) plays a central role in children’s and young people’s holistic development, enabling cognitive, psychomotor, and affective development while boosting healthy lifestyles and socialization. Children equipped with developed motor abilities, such as muscular strength and power, will be better prepared to learn motor performance skills and sustain the demands of learning and playing games and sports. A scientific literature search was conducted in January 2021 to identify all relevant controlled studies from January 2000 to 2021 on PE interventions and strategies based on resistance training to achieve PE outcomes. The review showed that exposure to resistance exercises in PE lessons might be beneficial for primary school students’ general physical fitness, motor performance skills proficiency, and learning diversified sport skills. Interventions that include muscular strength and power development can support adequate muscular fitness and motor performance skill proficiency to achieve primary school PE outcomes.
Strong suppression of heat conduction in a laboratory replica of galaxy-cluster turbulent plasmas
Authors: Meinecke Jena , Tzeferacos Petros , Ross James S. , Bott Archie F. A. , Feister Scott , Park Hye-Sook , Bell Anthony R. , Blandford Roger , Berger Richard L. , Bingham Robert , Casner Alexis , Chen Laura E. , Foster John , Froula Dustin H. , Goyon Clement , Kalantar Daniel , Koenig Michel , Lahmann Brandon , Li Chikang , Lu Yingchao , Palmer Charlotte A. J. , Petrasso Richard D. , Poole Hannah , Remington Bruce , Reville Brian , Reyes Adam , Rigby Alexandra , Ryu Dongsu , Swadling George , Zylstra Alex , Miniati Francesco , Sarkar Subir , Schekochihin Alexander A. , Lamb Donald Q. , Gregori Gianluca
Published: March 2022

In conventional gases and plasmas, it is known that heat fluxes are proportional to temperature gradients, with collisions between particles mediating energy flow from hotter to colder regions and the coefficient of thermal conduction given by Spitzer’s theory. However, this theory breaks down in magnetized, turbulent, weakly collisional plasmas, although modifications are difficult to predict from first principles due to the complex, multiscale nature of the problem. Understanding heat transport is important in astrophysical plasmas such as those in galaxy clusters, where observed temperature profiles are explicable only in the presence of a strong suppression of heat conduction compared to Spitzer’s theory. To address this problem, we have created a replica of such a system in a laser laboratory experiment. Our data show a reduction of heat transport by two orders of magnitude or more, leading to large temperature variations on small spatial scales (as is seen in cluster plasmas).
A Late Paleocene age for Greenland’s Hiawatha impact structure
Authors: Kenny Gavin G. , Hyde William R. , Storey Michael , Garde Adam A. , Whitehouse Martin J. , Beck Pierre , Johansson Leif , Søndergaard Anne Sofie , Bjørk Anders A. , MacGregor Joseph A. , Khan Shfaqat A. , Mouginot Jérémie , Johnson Brandon C. , Silber Elizabeth A. , Wielandt Daniel K. P. , Kjær Kurt H. , Larsen Nicolaj K.
Published: March 2022

The ~31-km-wide Hiawatha structure, located beneath Hiawatha Glacier in northwestern Greenland, has been proposed as an impact structure that may have formed after the Pleistocene inception of the Greenland Ice Sheet. To date the structure, we conducted
40
Ar/
39
Ar analyses on glaciofluvial sand and U-Pb analyses on zircon separated from glaciofluvial pebbles of impact melt rock, all sampled immediately downstream of Hiawatha Glacier. Unshocked zircon in the impact melt rocks dates to ~1915 million years (Ma), consistent with felsic intrusions found in local bedrock. The
40
Ar/
39
Ar data indicate Late Paleocene resetting and shocked zircon dates to 57.99 ± 0.54 Ma, which we interpret as the impact age. Consequently, the Hiawatha impact structure far predates Pleistocene glaciation and is unrelated to either the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum or flood basalt volcanism in east Greenland. However, it was contemporaneous with the Paleocene Carbon Isotope Maximum, although the impact’s exact paleoenvironmental and climatic significance awaits further investigation.
Pleiotropic Effects of Influenza H1, H3, and B Baloxavir-Resistant Substitutions on Replication, Sensitivity to Baloxavir, and Interferon Expression
Authors: Hickerson Brady T. , Adams Simone E. , Barman Subrata , Miller Lance , Lugovtsev Vladimir Y. , Webby Richard J. , Ince William L. , Donnelly Raymond P. , Ilyushina Natalia A.
Published: March 2022

Baloxavir is an anti-influenza endonuclease inhibitor that targets the polymerase acidic (PA) protein of influenza A and B viruses. Our knowledge regarding the pleiotropic effects of baloxavir resistance-associated substitutions is limited.
Short 5′ Untranslated Region Enables Optimal Translation of Plant Virus Tricistronic RNA via Leaky Scanning
Authors: Fujimoto Yuji , Keima Takuya , Hashimoto Masayoshi , Hagiwara-Komoda Yuka , Hosoe Naoi , Nishida Shuko , Nijo Takamichi , Oshima Kenro , Verchot Jeanmarie , Namba Shigetou , Yamaji Yasuyuki
Published: March 2022

Potexvirus
, a group of plant viruses, infect a variety of crops, including cultivated crops. It has been thought that the three transition proteins that are essential for the cell-to-cell transfer of potexviruses are translated from two subgenomic RNAs, sgRNA1 and sgRNA2.
Draft Genome Sequence of Polaromonas eurypsychrophila AER18D-145, Isolated from a Uranium Tailings Management Facility in Northern Saskatchewan, Canada
Authors: Grigoryan Alexander A. , Bondici Viorica F. , Kryachko Yuriy , Khan Nurul H. , Lawrence John R. , Wolfaardt Gideon M. , Withana Gamage Niradha , Shetty Deeksha , Korber Darren R.
Published: March 2022

The 4.8-Mbp draft genome sequence of
Polaromonas eurypsychrophila
AER18D-145, isolated from a uranium tailings management facility, is reported. The sequence may provide insights into the mechanisms of the hypertolerance of this strain to extreme conditions and help determine its potential for bioremediation applications.
Reductions in under-5 mortality and public health improvements of the China Healthy Cities (Counties) initiative: a nationwide quasi-experimental study
Authors: Yue Dahai , Chen Xiao , Zhu Yuhui , Macinko James , Meng Qingyue
Published: March 2022

Introduction

The China Healthy Cities (Counties) public health initiative has been at the forefront of China’s efforts to counteract the growing challenges in the urban environment since the 1990s. It primarily focuses on improving the urban living environment. However, the nationwide health impacts of the initiative remain unexplored.

Methods

We constructed nationwide county-level and city-level panel data from 1996 to 2012 using data on under-5 mortality rates (U5MR), the list of China healthy cities and counties and socioeconomic factors. We used a two-step staggered difference-in-differences approach that exploits variations in the timing of achieving the title of China Healthy City/County. Subgroup analyses by region were performed.

Results

We included 707 cities in the China Healthy Cities study, and 1631 counties in the China Healthy Counties study. Our results indicate substantial and significant reductions in U5MR associated with the public health initiative in China. The association varies across regions with different socioeconomic statuses. China Healthy Cities were significantly associated with a reduction of 0.7/1000 (95% CI −1.2 to −0.2) in under-5 mortality 5 years after cities gained the title and a decrease of 1.4/1000 (95% CI −2.2 to −0.6) 10 years afterward. Cities from western China saw the largest statistically significant gains with 3.2/1000 and 7.2/1000 reductions in child mortality after 5 and 10 years, respectively. China Healthy Counties were also associated with significant reductions in under-5 mortality 8 years after achieving the title; it was associated with 2.6/1000 reductions in under-5 mortality nationwide and 3.8/1000 reductions in eastern China. Our results are robust to heterogeneous treatment effects across cities/counties over time and various model specifications.

Conclusion

Our results suggest significant reductions in under-5 mortality associated with this public health intervention focusing on living environment conditions. Future research could explore differential effects across regions and clarify the underlying causal mechanisms.
Fluctuations in central foveal thickness and association with vision outcomes with anti-VEGF therapy for nAMD: HARBOR post hoc analysis
Authors: Sheth Veeral , D'Rozario Mitchell , Gune Shamika , Blotner Steven
Published: March 2022

Objective

To evaluate correlations between variability in central foveal thickness (CFT) and vision with ranibizumab in a HARBOR post hoc analysis.

Methods and analysis

Patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD; N=1097) received monthly or as-needed (PRN) ranibizumab (0.5 or 2.0 mg) for 24 months. Fluctuation scores were used to assess CFT variability; every time CFT increased and then decreased (or vice versa), numeric value of the change was added to the score. Magnitude of change <50 µm was considered clinically insignificant and did not count towards the score. Fluctuation scores were grouped into quartiles. Least squares mean (LSM) changes in best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) were plotted against fluctuation score quartiles for CFT, subretinal fluid (SRF) height, neurosensory retina and neurosensory retina + subretinal hyper-reflective material.

Results

Patients with lower fluctuations scores (quartiles 1–3) had greatest vision gains at month 24, with LSM changes from baseline of 9.0–10.8 and 8.7–10.6 letters in the monthly and PRN arms, respectively. Corresponding changes for quartile 4 were 6.7 and 6.5 letters, respectively. There were no differences between quartiles for association between fluctuations in SRF height and BCVA gains. There were inverse correlations between magnitude of fluctuations in neurosensory and inner retina thickness and BCVA gains for quartile 4 vs quartiles 1–3. Patients in quartiles 1 and 2 showed rapid, robust BCVA gains, whereas those in quartiles 3 and 4 had lesser responses.

Conclusions

Fluctuations in retinal thickening with ranibizumab may be associated with treatment response in patients with nAMD.

Trial registration number

NCT00891735.
Young endurance training starting age in non-elite athletes is associated with higher proximal aortic distensibility
Authors: Ryffel Christoph P , Eser Prisca , Marcin Thimo , Herrsche Dario , Brugger Nicolas , Trachsel Lukas D , Wilhelm Matthias
Published: March 2022

Objective

Decreased proximal aortic distensibility (AD) is known to significantly predict all-cause mortality and cardiovascular events among individuals without overt cardiovascular disease. This cross-sectional study investigated the association of endurance training (ET) parameters, namely, ET starting age, ET years and yearly ET volume with AD in non-elite endurance athletes.

Methods

Healthy, normotensive, male Caucasian participants of a 10-mile race were assessed with a 2D echocardiogram and comprehensive interview. Ascending aortic diameters were measured simultaneously with pulse pressure. Aortic strain, AD and aortic stiffness index were calculated. Predictors of AD were investigated among training parameters by linear regression models corrected for age, resting heart rate, stroke volume index and mean blood pressure.

Results

Ninety-two of 121 athletes (aged 42±8 years) had sufficient echocardiogram quality and were used for analysis. ET starting age (range 6–52 years) and years of ET (range 2–46 years) were highly collinear and used in two separate models for AD. Significant factors for AD were ET starting age, 10-mile race time and resting heart rate in model I, and age, years of ET, 10-mile race time and heart rate in model II (all p<0.01).

Conclusions

In our cohort of healthy, non-elite, middle-aged runners, AD was significantly higher in athletes with younger ET starting age or more years of ET (in the model adjusted for confounders). In the model with years of ET, age had a negative contribution to AD, suggesting that with older age, the benefit of more years of ET on AD decreased. Future studies assessing the effect of exercise training on arterial properties should include training starting age.