bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Eleven Monovarietal Extra Virgin Olive Oils from Olives Grown and Processed under the Same Conditions: Effect of the Cultivar on the Chemical Composition and Sensory Traits
Authors: Di Lecce Giuseppe , Piochi Maria , Pacetti Deborah , Frega Natale G. , Bartolucci Edoardo , Scortichini Serena , Fiorini Dennis
Published: July 2020

Eleven Italian monovarietal extra virgin olive oils (MEVOOs) (Carboncella, Coratina, Frantoio, Leccino, Marzio, Maurino, Moraiolo, Piantone di Falerone, Pendolino, Rosciola, Sargano di Fermo) from olives grown in the same experimental olive orchard, under the same conditions (fertilization, irrigation), and processed with the same technology (three-way continuous plant) were investigated. As a result, the impact of the olive cultivar on fatty acid and triacylglycerols composition, oxidative stability, polar phenolic profile and sensory properties (panel test) of the oil was assessed. Pendolino, Maurino and Marzio oils presented the highest levels (p < 0.01) of palmitic, linoleic and linolenic acids % and the lowest oleic:linoleic ratio. Within triacylglycerols, triolein (OOO) strongly varied among the oils, with Coratina and Leccino having the highest content. Frantoio showed the lowest 1-Stearoyl-2-palmitoyl-3-oleylglycerol and 1,3-Distearoyl-2-oleylglycerol amounts. Rosciola showed the highest level (p < 0.01) for two of the most abundant secoiridoid derivatives (the dialdehydic forms of decarboxymethyl elenolic acid linked to hydroxytyrosol and tyrosol). A good correlation was found between total phenolic content and oxidative stability, indicating Marzio and Leccino respectively as the richest and poorest genotypes. Sensory variability among varieties was mainly linked to perceived bitterness, pungency and fruitiness, while no effects were found on secondary flavors.
Use of Gum Cordia (Cordia myxa) as a Natural Starch Modifier; Effect on Pasting, Thermal, Textural, and Rheological Properties of Corn Starch
Authors: Hussain Shahzad , Mohamed Abdellatif A. , Alamri Mohamed Saleh , Ibraheem Mohamed A. , Qasem Akram A. Abdo , Shahzad Syed Ali , Ababtain Ibrahim A.
Published: July 2020

Incorporation of hydrocolloid gums in native starches help to improve their pasting, thermal, rheological and textural properties along with improvement in the stability of starch gels. The use of Cordia gum is not widely studied as a starch modifier and this fact could make this study more interesting and unique. This study investigated the effects of the non-conventional hydrocolloid gum (Cordia gum) on corn starch properties. Corn starch and gum Cordia (GC) blends were prepared at different replacement levels (0%, 3%, 6%, 9%, and 12%). The effect of GC levels on pasting, thermal, rheological, and textural properties were evaluated using rapid viscoanalyzer, differential scanning colorimeter, rheometer, and texture analyzer. The presence of GC significantly increased starch gelatinization temperatures, enthalpies, peak viscosities, final viscosities, and setback viscosities. GC improved freeze thaw stability in starch. The shear rate (1/s) versus shear stress (σ) data of all samples fitted well to the simple power law model (R2 = 0.97–0.99). The control had the lowest flow behavior index (n; 0.17), which increased to (0.36–0.56) with increasing GC levels. The consistency index (K) of the starch-gum blends increased with increasing GC levels. The dominance of elastic properties over viscous properties was demonstrated by G′ > G″. The magnitudes of G′ and G″ increased with increasing GC concentration. The outcomes could help to use this modification method as an alternative to chemical and enzymatic modification with respect to cost, safety, less time consumption and less requirement of process modifications.
Switching Competitors Reduces Win-Stay but Not Lose-Shift Behaviour: The Role of Outcome-Action Association Strength on Reinforcement Learning
Authors: Srihaput Vincent , Craplewe Kaylee , Dyson Benjamin James
Published: July 2020

Predictability is a hallmark of poor-quality decision-making during competition. One source of predictability is the strong association between current outcome and future action, as dictated by the reinforcement learning principles of win–stay and lose–shift. We tested the idea that predictability could be reduced during competition by weakening the associations between outcome and action. To do this, participants completed a competitive zero-sum game in which the opponent from the current trial was either replayed (opponent repeat) thereby strengthening the association, or, replaced (opponent change) by a different competitor thereby weakening the association. We observed that win–stay behavior was reduced during opponent change trials but lose–shiftbehavior remained reliably predictable. Consistent with the group data, the number of individuals who exhibited predictable behavior following wins decreased for opponent change relative to opponent repeat trials. Our data show that future actions are more under internal control following positive relative to negative outcomes, and that externally breaking the bonds between outcome and action via opponent association also allows us to become less prone to exploitation.
Development of a Multilocus Sequence Typing Scheme for Giardia intestinalis
Authors: Higuera Adriana , Muñoz Marina , López Myriam Consuelo , Reyes Patricia , Urbano Plutarco , Villalobos Oswaldo , Ramírez Juan David
Published: July 2020

Giardia intestinalis is an intestinal protozoan most commonly found in humans. It has been grouped into 8 assemblages (A-H). Markers such as the glutamate dehydrogenase gene, triose phosphate isomerase and beta-giardin (β-giardin) have been widely used for genotyping. In addition, different genetic targets have been proposed as a valuable alternative to assess diversity and genetics of this microorganism. Thus, our objective was to evaluate new markers for the study of the diversity and intra-taxa genetic structure of G. intestinalis in silico and in DNA obtained from stool samples. We analysed nine constitutive genes in 80 complete genome sequences and in a group of 24 stool samples from Colombia. Allelic diversity was evaluated by locus and for the concatenated sequence of nine loci that could discriminate up to 53 alleles. Phylogenetic reconstructions allowed us to identify AI, AII and B assemblages. We found evidence of intra- and inter-assemblage recombination events. Population structure analysis showed genetic differentiation among the assemblages analysed.
Cardiac Involvement in Dystrophin-Deficient Females: Current Understanding and Implications for the Treatment of Dystrophinopathies
Authors: Lim Kenji Rowel Q. , Sheri Narin , Nguyen Quynh , Yokota Toshifumi
Published: July 2020

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a fatal X-linked recessive condition caused primarily by out-of-frame mutations in the dystrophin gene. In males, DMD presents with progressive body-wide muscle deterioration, culminating in death as a result of cardiac or respiratory failure. A milder form of DMD exists, called Becker muscular dystrophy (BMD), which is typically caused by in-frame dystrophin gene mutations. It should be emphasized that DMD and BMD are not exclusive to males, as some female dystrophin mutation carriers do present with similar symptoms, generally at reduced levels of severity. Cardiac involvement in particular is a pressing concern among manifesting females, as it may develop into serious heart failure or could predispose them to certain risks during pregnancy or daily life activities. It is known that about 8% of carriers present with dilated cardiomyopathy, though it may vary from 0% to 16.7%, depending on if the carrier is classified as having DMD or BMD. Understanding the genetic and molecular mechanisms underlying cardiac manifestations in dystrophin-deficient females is therefore of critical importance. In this article, we review available information from the literature on this subject, as well as discuss the implications of female carrier studies on the development of therapies aiming to increase dystrophin levels in the heart.
TLR4 Polymorphism, Nasopharyngeal Bacterial Colonization, and the Development of Childhood Asthma: A Prospective Birth-Cohort Study in Finnish Children
Authors: Teräsjärvi Johanna T. , Toivonen Laura , Vuononvirta Juho , Mertsola Jussi , Peltola Ville , He Qiushui
Published: July 2020

We aimed to explore the role of TLR4 (rs4986790) polymorphism in the nasopharyngeal (NP) bacterial colonization and its consequent impact on the development of childhood asthma. A semi-quantitative culture of NP swabs was performed on 473 children at 2 months of age and on 213 children at 13 months of age. TLR4 polymorphism was analyzed for 396 children. Children were followed from birth to the age of 7.5 years and the final outcome was physician-diagnosed asthma. The associations between TLR4 genotype, bacterial colonization, and asthma were analyzed. Children with TLR4 AG or GG genotype were more often colonized with Moraxella catarrhalis at 2 months of age (p = 0.009) and Haemophilus influenzae at 13 months of age (p = 0.018). Children who were colonized with H. influenzae at 13 months of age had a significantly higher risk of later development of asthma (p = 0.004). M. catarrhalis or H. Influenzae colonization at 2 months of age or TLR4 genotype Asp299Gly were not associated with the development of childhood asthma. TLR4 Asp299Gly polymorphism was associated with an increased risk of colonization of M. catarrhalis and H. influenzae in children. The colonization with H. influenzae at 13 months of age was associated with a higher risk of later development of childhood asthma.
Μorphometric Analysis for the Assessment of Relative Tectonic Activity in Evia Island, Greece
Authors: Valkanou Kanella , Karymbalis Efthimios , Papanastassiou Dimitris , Soldati Mauro , Chalkias Christos , Gaki-Papanastassiou Kalliopi
Published: July 2020

The aim of this study is to evaluate the relative tectonic activity in the north part of the Evia Island, located in Central Greece, and to investigate the contribution of neotectonic processes in the development of the fluvial landscape. Five morphometric parameters, including Drainage Basin Slope (Sb), Hypsometric Integral (Hi), Asymmetry Factor (Af), Relief Ratio (Rh), and Melton’s Ruggedness Number (M), were estimated for a total of 189 drainage basins. The catchments were classified into two groups, according to the estimated values of each morphometric parameter, and maps showing their spatial distribution were produced. The combination of the calculated morphometric parameters led to a new single integrated Index of relative tectonic activity (named Irta). Following this indexing, the basins were characterized as of low, moderate, or high relative tectonic activity. The quantitative analysis showed that the development of the present drainage systems and the geometry of the basins of the study area have been influenced by the tectonic uplift caused by the activity of two NW-SE trending offshore active normal fault systems: the north Gulf of Evia fault zone (Kandili-Telethrion) and the Aegean Sea fault zone (Dirfis), respectively. The spatial distribution of the values of the new integrated index Irta showed significant differences among the drainage basins that reflect differences in relative tectonic activity related to their location with regard to the normal fault systems of the study area.
Have the Chinese Older Adults Received Adequate Healthcare Services since the 2009 Health Reform? Examining the Socioeconomic Disparity in Receiving Adequate Healthcare
Authors: Lee Yen-Han , Chang Yen-Chang , Wang Yun-Ting , Shelley Mack
Published: July 2020

China launched a comprehensive health reform in 2009, as part of the central government’s plan to improve its healthcare system. This study investigates the associations of socioeconomic status with receiving adequate healthcare services among Chinese older adults following the 2009 health reform. Using the 6th and the 7th waves of the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS), a repeated cross-sectional study design was adopted (n = 9305). Firth’s logistic regression models were used for statistical analysis. In the fully adjusted model, being non-married was negatively associated with adequate healthcare services (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 0.68, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.54, 0.86). Higher levels of income were positively associated with adequate healthcare services (all ps < 0.05). Participants who relied on non-urban social insurance plans all had lower odds of receiving adequate healthcare services (all ps < 0.01), compared with older adults who used the urban employment basic medical insurance (UEBMI). However, disparities regarding education and urban-rural differences were not observed in the full model. As China is pushing for further reforms, vulnerable population groups, such as non-married or more impoverished older adults, should be assisted in receiving adequate healthcare services.
Promoting a Safe Environment in Our Cities: Towards a Theoretical Model of “Moral Deficit” for Appropriate Psychopathic Therapy
Authors: Coldwell David , Coldwell Sarah
Published: July 2020

The increasing reported incidents of knife crime in cities and the release on parole of “rehabilitated” violent criminals are creating an unsafe urban environment. Such occurrences suggest that measures taken to address psychopathic-oriented behaviour may have been ineffective because the individual’s degree of “moral deficit” is not fully accounted for in the application of specific therapies. This study developed a theoretical model of “moral deficit” that is aligned with the appropriateness of therapy, ranging from the extreme “classical approach” of total confinement justified by a belief in the incurability of psychopaths to the modern therapy that aims to reintegrate the psychopath with society using “moralizing therapy”. Analysis of secondary data from extant literature was used to develop the theoretical model of “moral deficit”. Secondary data analysis suggests that the extent of psychopathic “moral deficit” may be an important factor in the selection of appropriate therapeutic measures for psychopathy treatment and the rehabilitation of psychopaths as law-abiding members of society. We conclude that a specific type of psychopathic moral deficit may have an important bearing on the appropriateness of treatment. It is recommended that the treatment of psychopathy makes greater provision for the extent and type of psychopathic “moral deficit” in assessing the most appropriate applications for the treatment of psychopathy and promoting the safety of urban environments.
Electrical Reverse Remodeling of the Native Cardiac Conduction System after Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy
Authors: Kwon Hee-Jin , Park Kyoung-Min , Lee Seong Soo , Park Young Jun , On Young Keun , Kim June Soo , Park Seung-Jung
Published: July 2020

Background: Little is known about electrical remodeling of the native conduction systems, particularly how the PR interval changes, after cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT). We investigated the effects of CRT on the intrinsic PR interval (i-PRi) and QRS duration (i-QRSd). Methods and results: In 100 consecutive CRT recipients with sinus rhythm and long-term follow-up (>1 year), the i-PRi and i-QRSd were measured at baseline and at the last echocardiographic follow-up (33.4 ± 17.9 months) with biventricular pacing temporarily withdrawn. The relative decrease in the left ventricular end-systolic volume (LVESV) was measured to define CRT-responders (≥15%) and super-responders (≥30%). Following CRT, the left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction increased significantly (p < 0.001). In CRT-responders (n = 71), the LVESV and i-QRSd decreased markedly (170 ± 39 to 159 ± 24 ms, p = 0.012). However, the i-PRi was not shortened with CRT response and was actually likely to increase, even in the super-responder group (n = 33). Moreover, lengthening of the i-PRi was observed consistently irrespective of the CRT response status, beta-blocker use, or amiodarone use. CRT non-responders were associated with a remarkable PR prolongation (p = 0.005) and QRS widening (p = 0.001), along with positive ventricular remodeling. Conclusion: LV volume and i-QRSd decreased markedly with CRT response. However, the i-PRi was not shortened, but rather increased regardless of the degree of CRT response. CRT non-response was associated with a considerable increase in the i-PRi and i-QRSd, along with positive ventricular remodeling. CRT-induced electrical reverse remodeling might occur preferentially in the intraventricular, but not the atrioventricular, conduction system.
Mitochondrial Alterations and Enhanced Human Leukocyte/Endothelial Cell Interactions in Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Iannantuoni Francesca , M. de Marañon Aranzazu , Abad-Jiménez Zaida , Canet Francisco , Díaz-Pozo Pedro , López-Domènech Sandra , Morillas Carlos , Rocha Milagros , Víctor Víctor M.
Published: July 2020

Type 1 diabetes has been associated with oxidative stress. This study evaluates the rates of oxidative stress, mitochondrial function, leukocyte–endothelium interactions and adhesion molecules in type 1 diabetic patients. The study population consisted of 52 diabetic patients and 46 body-composition and age-matched controls. We assessed anthropometric and metabolic parameters, oxidative stress and mitochondrial function by evaluating reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, mitochondrial ROS production, mitochondrial membrane potential and superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) expression in polymorphonuclear leukocytes from type 1 diabetic patients. In addition, we evaluated interactions between leukocytes and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC), and serum expression of adhesion molecules (P-selectin, VCAM-1 and ICAM-1), proinflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and TNFα) and myeloperoxidase (MPO). HbA1C and glucose levels were higher in diabetic patients than in control subjects, as expected. Mitochondrial function was altered and leukocyte–endothelium interactions were enhanced in diabetic patients, which was evident in the increase in total and mitochondrial ROS production, higher mitochondrial membrane potential, enhanced leukocyte rolling and adhesion, and decreased rolling velocity. Furthermore, we observed an increase in levels of adhesion molecules P-selectin, VCAM-1, and ICAM-1 in these subjects. In addition, type 1 diabetic patients exhibited an increase in proinflammatory mediators TNFα and MPO, and a decreased expression of SOD. The enhancement of leukocyte–endothelium interactions and proinflammatory markers correlated with glucose and HbA1Clevels. Mitochondrial alteration, oxidative stress, and enhanced leukocyte–endothelium interactions are features of type 1 diabetes and may be related to cardiovascular implications.
A Multidisciplinary Approach for Improving Quality of Life and Self-Management in Diabetic Kidney Disease: A Crossover Study
Authors: Helou Nancy , Talhouedec Dominique , Zumstein-Shaha Maya , Zanchi Anne
Published: July 2020

Individuals with diabetic kidney disease are at high risk of complications and challenged to self-manage. Previous research suggested that multidisciplinary approaches would improve health outcomes. This study investigated the effect of a multidisciplinary self-management approach of diabetic kidney disease on quality of life, and self-management, glycemic control, and renal function. A uniform balanced crossover design was used because it attains a high level of statistical power with a lower sample size. A total of 32 participants (aged 67.8 ± 10.8) were randomized into four study arms. In differing sequences, each participant was treated twice with three months of usual care alternated with three months of multidisciplinary management. The intervention improved the present dimension of quality of life demonstrating higher mean rank as compared to usual care (52.49 vs. 41.01; p = 0.026, 95% CI) and three self-care activities, general diet habits, diabetes diet habits, and blood sugar testing (respectively: 55.43 vs. 38.31; p = 0.002, 56.84 vs. 37.02; p = 0.000, 53.84 vs. 39.77; p = 0.008; 95% CI). Antihypertensive medication engagement was high across the study period (Mean = 95.38%, Min = 69%, Max = 100%). Glycemic control and renal function indicators were similar for the intervention and the usual care. Studies are needed to determine how the new recommended therapies for diabetic kidney disease such as SGLT2 inhibitors and GLP-1 receptor agonists impact on self-management and quality of life.
Development and Validation of a Deep Learning System for Diagnosing Glaucoma Using Optical Coherence Tomography
Authors: Kim Ko Eun , Kim Joon Mo , Song Ji Eun , Kee Changwon , Han Jong Chul , Hyun Seung Hyup
Published: July 2020

This study aimed to develop and validate a deep learning system for diagnosing glaucoma using optical coherence tomography (OCT). A training set of 1822 eyes (332 control, 1490 glaucoma) with 7288 OCT images, an internal validation set of 425 eyes (104 control, 321 glaucoma) with 1700 images, and an external validation set of 355 eyes (108 control, 247 glaucoma) with 1420 images were included. Deviation and thickness maps of retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) and ganglion cell–inner plexiform layer (GCIPL) analyses were used to develop the deep learning system for glaucoma diagnosis based on the visual geometry group deep convolutional neural network (VGG-19) model. The diagnostic abilities of deep learning models using different OCT maps were evaluated, and the best model was compared with the diagnostic results produced by two glaucoma specialists. The glaucoma-diagnostic ability was highest when the deep learning system used the RNFL thickness map alone (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) 0.987), followed by the RNFL deviation map (AUROC 0.974), the GCIPL thickness map (AUROC 0.966), and the GCIPL deviation map (AUROC 0.903). Among combination sets, use of the RNFL and GCIPL deviation map showed the highest diagnostic ability, showing similar results when tested via an external validation dataset. The inclusion of the axial length did not significantly affect the diagnostic performance of the deep learning system. The location of glaucomatous damage showed generally high level of agreement between the heatmap and the diagnosis of glaucoma specialists, with 90.0% agreement when using the RNFL thickness map and 88.0% when using the GCIPL thickness map. In conclusion, our deep learning system showed high glaucoma-diagnostic abilities using OCT thickness and deviation maps. It also showed detection patterns similar to those of glaucoma specialists, showing promising results for future clinical application as an interpretable computer-aided diagnosis.
Effects of Rapid Recovery on Alcohol Hangover Severity: A Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Randomized, Balanced Crossover Trial
Authors: Scholey Andrew , Ayre Elizabeth , Stock Ann-Kathrin , Verster Joris C , Benson Sarah
Published: July 2020

The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of putative hangover treatment, Rapid Recovery, in mitigating alcohol hangover (AH) symptom severity. Using a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, balanced crossover design, 20 participants attended the laboratory for two evenings of alcohol consumption, each followed by morning assessments of AH severity. Participants were administered Rapid Recovery and placebo on separate visits. In the first testing visit, participants self-administered alcoholic beverages of their choice, to a maximum of 1.3 g/kg alcohol. Drinking patterns were recorded and replicated in the second evening testing visit. In the morning visits, AH severity was assessed using questionnaires measuring AH symptom severity and sleep quality, computerized assessments of cognitive functioning as well as levels of blood biomarkers of liver function (gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT)) and inflammation (high-sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP)). There were no differences in the blood alcohol concentrations (BAC) obtained in the Rapid Recovery (mean = 0.096%) and placebo (mean = 0.097%) conditions. Participants reported significantly greater sleep problems in the Rapid Recovery compared to placebo condition, although this difference was no longer significant following Bonferroni’s correction. There were no other significant differences between Rapid Recovery and placebo. These data suggest that Rapid Recovery has no significant effect on alcohol hangover nor on associated biomarkers.
Feasibility and Preliminary Effectiveness of a Tele-Prehabilitation Program in Esophagogastric Cancer Patients
Authors: Piraux Elise , Caty Gilles , Reychler Gregory , Forget Patrice , Deswysen Yannick
Published: July 2020

Tele-rehabilitation provides better access to healthcare services and optimizes exercise adherence. However, its feasibility and effectiveness are unknown in the preoperative period in esophagogastric cancer patients. We aimed to assess the feasibility and the preliminary effects of a “tele-prehabilitation” program in esophagogastric cancer patients requiring surgery. Enrolled participants performed an internet-based tele-prehabilitation including aerobic, resistance and inspiratory muscle training over 2–4 weeks. The primary outcome was feasibility, measured in terms of recruitment, retention and attendance rates, adverse events and patient satisfaction. Secondary outcomes (functional exercise capacity, fatigue, quality of life, anxiety and depression) were assessed at baseline, presurgery, and 4 and 12 weeks postsurgery. Among the 24 eligible subjects, 23 were enrolled, 22 performed the intervention and 15 completed the study. Recruitment and retention rates were both 96%. Attendances to aerobic and resistance sessions and inspiratory muscle training were 77% and 68%, respectively. No adverse events occurred, and the satisfaction was excellent. After prehabilitation, participants significantly improved fatigue (p = 0.039), quality of life (p = 0.009), physical well-being (p = 0.034), emotional well-being (p = 0.005) and anxiety (p = 0.044). This study demonstrated the feasibility of a tele-prehabilitation in esophagogastric cancer patients undergoing surgery, with a high recruitment rate, retention rate and satisfaction, a good attendance to exercise sessions and no exercise-related adverse events.
Tofacitinib in Treatment-Refractory Moderate to Severe Ulcerative Colitis: Real-World Experience from a Retrospective Multicenter Observational Study
Authors: Hoffmann Peter , Globig Anna-Maria , Thomann Anne K. , Grigorian Maximilian , Krisam Johannes , Hasselblatt Peter , Reindl Wolfgang , Gauss Annika
Published: July 2020

(1) Background: Tofacitinib is approved in Europe for the treatment of adults with moderately to severely active ulcerative colitis since 2018. Real-world efficacy and safety data are currently scarce. (2) Methods: We performed a retrospective multicenter study at three German tertiary outpatient clinics for inflammatory bowel diseases and included all patients who started tofacitinib therapy between August 2018 and March 2020. The primary endpoint was a combined endpoint of steroid-free clinical remission, steroid-free clinical response, or clinical response at week 8. Secondary endpoints were biochemical response at week 8, as well as steroid-free clinical remission, steroid-free clinical response or clinical response at week 24, respectively, adverse events by week 24, and need for colectomy by the end of follow-up. (3) Results: Thirty-eight patients with moderate-to-severe ulcerative colitis were included. Eleven patients (28.9%) achieved steroid-free clinical remission at week 8. Fifty-three percent of the patients were primary non-responders at week 8. Three severe adverse events (pneumonia, hospitalization for aggravation of ulcerative colitis, emergency colectomy due to colon perforation), and 12 adverse events were documented by week 8 of therapy. By the end of follow-up, seven patients (18.4%) had undergone colectomy.
Allogeneic Transplantation in Multiple Myeloma—Does It Still Have a Place?
Authors: Gahrton Gösta , Iacobelli Simona , Garderet Laurent , Yakoub-Agha Ibrahim , Schönland Stefan
Published: July 2020

Novel drugs have improved survival for patients with multiple myeloma in recent years. However, the disease is still fatal. Allogeneic stem cell transplantation (Allo) has proven to cure some patients with the disease, but its role is controversial due to relatively high transplant-related toxicity and mortality (nonrelapse mortality, NRM). Using nonmyeloablative reduced-intensity conditioning (RIC), both toxicity and NRM can be reduced, and RICAllo is, therefore, an option for subgroups of patients. Upfront tandem autologous/RICAllo (Auto/RICAllo) was shown to be superior to single Auto or tandem Auto/Auto in both progression-free (PFS) and overall survival (OS) in two prospective studies with long-term follow-up, while three similarly designed studies did not detect a difference. A recent update of pooled patient data from four of these studies showed significantly superior PFS and OS with Auto/RICAllo. Importantly, none of these studies showed inferior results with Auto/RICAllo in patients less than 70 years of age. Auto/RICAllo appears to overcome some poor risk cytogenetic markers. Encouraging results have also been seen in treatment of relapsed patients. Combining Allo with new proteasome inhibitors and immunomodulatory drugs may further improve results. Other encouraging new cell therapies such as with CAR T-cells, NK- and CAR NK-cells may well have a place in combination with RICAllo. Such studies are warranted.
Effect of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Treatment Delays in Patients with ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Reinstadler Sebastian J. , Reindl Martin , Lechner Ivan , Holzknecht Magdalena , Tiller Christina , Roithinger Franz Xaver , Frick Matthias , Hoppe Uta C. , Jirak Peter , Berger Rudolf , Delle-Karth Georg , Laßnig Elisabeth , Klug Gert , Bauer Axel , Binder Ronald , Metzler Bernhard
Published: July 2020

Coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) and its associated restrictions could affect ischemic times in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of the COVID-19 outbreak on ischemic times in consecutive all-comer STEMI patients. We included consecutive STEMI patients (n = 163, median age: 61 years, 27% women) who were referred to seven tertiary care hospitals across Austria for primary percutaneous coronary intervention between 24 February 2020 (calendar week 9) and 5 April 2020 (calendar week 14). The number of patients, total ischemic times and door-to-balloon times in temporal relation to COVID-19-related restrictions and infection rates were analyzed. While rates of STEMI admissions decreased (calendar week 9/10 (n = 69, 42%); calendar week 11/12 (n = 51, 31%); calendar week 13/14 (n = 43, 26%)), total ischemic times increased from 164 (interquartile range (IQR): 107–281) min (calendar week 9/10) to 237 (IQR: 141–560) min (calendar week 11/12) and to 275 (IQR: 170–590) min (calendar week 13/14) (p = 0.006). Door-to-balloon times were constant (p = 0.60). There was a significant difference in post-interventional Thrombolysis in myocardial infarction (TIMI) flow grade 3 in patients treated during calendar week 9/10 (97%), 11/12 (84%) and 13/14 (81%; p = 0.02). Rates of in-hospital death and re-infarction were similar between groups (p = 0.48). Results were comparable when dichotomizing data on 10 March and 16 March 2020, when official restrictions were executed. In this cohort of all-comer STEMI patients, we observed a 1.7-fold increase in ischemic time during the outbreak of COVID-19 in Austria. Patient-related factors likely explain most of this increase. Counteractive steps are needed to prevent further cardiac collateral damage during the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic.
The Role of Redenomination Risk in the Price Evolution of Italian Banks’ CDS Spreads
Authors: Anelli Michele , Patanè Michele , Toscano Mario , Zedda Stefano
Published: July 2020

The recent financial crisis offered an interesting opportunity to analyze the markets’ behavior in a high-volatility framework. In this paper, we analyzed the price discovery process of the Italian banks’ Credit Default Swap (CDS) spreads through the Merton model, extended with the inclusion of a redenomination risk proxy, as to say, the risk that Italy could leave the eurozone. This paper contributes to the literature by integrating the classic Merton model with a political-sensitive market variable able to explain the greatest variance in the Italian banks’ CDS spreads during the most relevant and commonly recognized periods of socio-political and financial distress. Results show that the redenomination risk is progressively becoming the main driver of the process during crises, in particular for the sovereign debt crisis and in 2018.
Surface Plasmon Enhancement of Eu3+ Emission Intensity in LaPO4/Ag Nanoparticles
Authors: Kuzman Sanja , Periša Jovana , Đorđević Vesna , Zeković Ivana , Vukoje Ivana , Antić Željka , Dramićanin Miroslav D.
Published: July 2020

A promising way to improve the performance of luminescent materials is to combine them with noble metal nanoparticles. Herein, a set of silver/europium-doped lanthanum orthophosphate (Ag/La0.95Eu0.05PO4) nanostructures with different concentrations of silver nanoparticles were prepared and investigated. The presented overlap between the strongest europium (Eu3+) excitation line and the broad silver nanoparticle surface plasmon resonance makes the combination prospective for coupling. X-ray powder diffraction confirmed the monoclinic monazite structure. The transmission electron microscopy revealed particles with a rod-like shape and ~4 aspect ratio. Photoluminescence spectra show characteristic Eu3+ ion red emission. One of the requirements for an enhanced luminescence effect is the precise control of the distance between the noble metal nanoparticles and the emitter ion. The distance is indirectly varied throughout the change of Ag nanoparticle concentration in the La0.95Eu0.05PO4 host. The emission intensity increases with the increase in Ag nanoparticles up to 0.6 mol %, after which the luminescence decreases due to the nanoparticles’ close packing and aggregation leading to the displacement of La0.95Eu0.05PO4 from the vicinity of the metal particles and reabsorption of the emitted light. The emission intensity of La0.95Eu0.05PO4 increases more than three times when the Eu3+ excitation is supported by the localized surface plasmon resonance in the Ag/La0.95Eu0.05PO4 nanostructures.
Conjugates of Chitosan and Calcium Alginate with Oligoproline and Oligohydroxyproline Derivatives for Potential Use in Regenerative Medicine
Authors: Wasko Joanna , Fraczyk Justyna , Becht Angelika , Kaminski Zbigniew J. , Flinčec Grgac Sandra , Tarbuk Anita , Kaminska Marta , Dudek Mariusz , Gliscinska Eulalia , Draczynski Zbigniew , Kolesinska Beata
Published: July 2020

New materials that are as similar as possible in terms of structure and biology to the extracellular matrix (external environment) of cells are of great interest for regenerative medicine. Oligoproline and oligohydroxyproline derivatives (peptides 2–5) are potential mimetics of collagen fragments. Peptides 2–5 have been shown to be similar to the model collagen fragment (H-Gly-Hyp-Pro-Ala-Hyp-Pro-OH, 1) in terms of both their spatial structure and biological activity. In this study, peptides 2–5 were covalently bound to nonwovens based on chitosan and calcium alginate. Incorporation of the peptides was confirmed by Fourier transform -infrared (FT-IR) and zeta potential measurements. Biological studies (cell metabolic activity by using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) test and Live/Dead assay) proved that the obtained peptide-polysaccharide conjugates were not toxic to the endothelial cell line EA.hy 926. In many cases, the conjugates had a highly affirmative influence on cell proliferation. The results of this study show that conjugates of chitosan and calcium alginate with oligoproline and oligohydroxyproline derivatives have potential for use in regenerative medicine.
Influence of Aluminum Surface Treatment on Tensile and Fatigue Behavior of Thermoplastic-Based Hybrid Laminates
Authors: Mrzljak Selim , Trautmann Maik , Wagner Guntram , Walther Frank
Published: July 2020

Hybrid laminates consist of layers of different materials, which determine the mechanical properties of the laminate itself. Furthermore, the structure and interfacial properties between the layers play a key role regarding the performance under load and therefore need to be investigated in respect to industrial applicability. In this regard, a hybrid laminate comprised of AA6082 aluminum alloy sheets and glass and carbon fiber-reinforced thermoplastic (polyamide 6) is investigated in this study with a focus on the influence of aluminum surface treatment application on tensile and fatigue behavior. Four different aluminum surface treatments are discussed (adhesion promoter, mechanical blasting, phosphating, and anodizing), which were characterized by Laser Scanning Microscopy. After the thermal consolidation of the hybrid laminate under defined pressure, double notch shear tests and tensile tests were performed and correlated to determine the resulting interfacial strength between the aluminum sheet surface and the fiber-reinforced plastic, and its impact on tensile performance. To investigate the performance of the laminate under fatigue load in LCF and HCF regimes, a short-time procedure was applied consisting of resource-efficient instrumented multiple and constant amplitude tests. Digital image correlation, thermography, and hysteresis measurement methods were utilized to gain information about the aluminum surface treatment influence on fatigue damage initiation and development. The results show that fatigue-induced damage initiation, development, and mechanisms differ significantly depending on the applied aluminum surface treatment. The used measurement technologies proved to be suitable for this application and enabled correlations in between, showing that the hybrid laminates damage state, in particular regarding the interfacial bonding of the layers, can be monitored not just through visual recordings of local strain and temperature development, but also through stress-displacement hysteresis analysis.
Electrochemical Analysis and In Vitro Assay of Mg-0.5Ca-xY Biodegradable Alloys
Authors: Istrate Bogdan , Munteanu Corneliu , Lupescu Stefan , Chelariu Romeu , Vlad Maria Daniela , Vizureanu Petrică
Published: July 2020

In recent years, biodegradable Mg-based materials have been increasingly studied to be used in the medical industry and beyond. A way to improve biodegradability rate in sync with the healing process of the natural human bone is to alloy Mg with other biocompatible elements. The aim of this research was to improve biodegradability rate and biocompatibility of Mg-0.5Ca alloy through addition of Y in 0.5/1.0/1.5/2.0/3.0wt.%. To characterize the chemical composition and microstructure of experimental Mg alloys, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), light microscopy (LM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were used. The linear polarization resistance (LPR) method was used to calculate corrosion rate as a measure of biodegradability rate. The cytocompatibility was evaluated by MTT assay (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazole-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) and fluorescence microscopy. Depending on chemical composition, the dendritic α-Mg solid solution, as well as lamellar Mg2Ca and Mg24Y5 intermetallic compounds were found. The lower biodegradability rates were found for Mg-0.5Ca-2.0Y and Mg-0.5Ca-3.0Y which have correlated with values of cell viability. The addition of 2–3 wt.%Y in the Mg-0.5Ca alloy improved both the biodegradability rate and cytocompatibility behavior.
Surface-Related Features Responsible for Cytotoxic Behavior of MXenes Layered Materials Predicted with Machine Learning Approach
Authors: Marchwiany Maciej E. , Birowska Magdalena , Popielski Mariusz , Majewski Jacek A. , Jastrzębska Agnieszka M.
Published: July 2020

To speed up the implementation of the two-dimensional materials in the development of potential biomedical applications, the toxicological aspects toward human health need to be addressed. Due to time-consuming and expensive analysis, only part of the continuously expanding family of 2D materials can be tested in vitro. The machine learning methods can be used—by extracting new insights from available biological data sets, and provide further guidance for experimental studies. This study identifies the most relevant highly surface-specific features that might be responsible for cytotoxic behavior of 2D materials, especially MXenes. In particular, two factors, namely, the presence of transition metal oxides and lithium atoms on the surface, are identified as cytotoxicity-generating features. The developed machine learning model succeeds in predicting toxicity for other 2D MXenes, previously not tested in vitro, and hence, is able to complement the existing knowledge coming from in vitro studies. Thus, we claim that it might be one of the solutions for reducing the number of toxicological studies needed, and allows for minimizing failures in future biological applications.
Properties of Cu-xFe3O4 Nanocomposites for Electrical Application
Authors: Predescu Andra Mihaela , Vidu Ruxandra , Vizureanu Petrică , Predescu Andrei , Matei Ecaterina , Predescu Cristian
Published: July 2020

Copper matrix nanocomposites reinforced with magnetite nanoparticles were developed using powder metallurgy. Various processing parameters were taken into consideration, such as magnetite content, compaction pressure, sintering time and temperature. The nanopowder blends were compacted using various uniaxial pressures and sintered at 650 and 800 °C in order to study the influence of processing parameters on morphology, structure, thermal, magnetic and mechanical properties. The structure and morphology of the nanocomposites analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), bright field transmission electron microscopy (TEMBF) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that sintered composites retained the nanoscale characteristics of the initial Fe3O4 and Cu nanopowders. These nanocomposites have good cold-rolling deformability and Vickers micro-hardness. The Cu-xFe3O4 nanocomposites have thermal and magnetic properties that make them suitable for electronical applications.
Potential Implantable Nanofibrous Biomaterials Combined with Stem Cells for Subchondral Bone Regeneration
Authors: Smaida Rana , Pijnenburg Luc , Irusta Silvia , Himawan Erico , Mendoza Gracia , Harmouch Ezeddine , Idoux-Gillet Ysia , Kuchler-Bopp Sabine , Benkirane-Jessel Nadia , Hua Guoqiang
Published: July 2020

The treatment of osteochondral defects remains a challenge. Four scaffolds were produced using Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved polymers to investigate their therapeutic potential for the regeneration of the osteochondral unit. Polycaprolactone (PCL) and poly(vinyl-pyrrolidone) (PVP) scaffolds were made by electrohydrodynamic techniques. Hydroxyapatite (HAp) and/or sodium hyaluronate (HA) can be then loaded to PCL nanofibers and/or PVP particles. The purpose of adding hydroxyapatite and sodium hyaluronate into PCL/PVP scaffolds is to increase the regenerative ability for subchondral bone and joint cartilage, respectively. Human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hBM-MSCs) were seeded on these biomaterials. The biocompatibility of these biomaterials in vitro and in vivo, as well as their potential to support MSC differentiation under specific chondrogenic or osteogenic conditions, were evaluated. We show here that hBM-MSCs could proliferate and differentiate both in vitro and in vivo on these biomaterials. In addition, the PCL-HAp could effectively increase the mineralization and induce the differentiation of MSCs into osteoblasts in an osteogenic condition. These results indicate that PCL-HAp biomaterials combined with MSCs could be a beneficial candidate for subchondral bone regeneration.
Autogenous Dentin Graft in Bone Defects after Lower Third Molar Extraction: A Split-Mouth Clinical Trial
Authors: Sánchez-Labrador Luis , Martín-Ares María , Ortega-Aranegui Ricardo , López-Quiles Juan , Martínez-González José María
Published: July 2020

Various biomaterials are currently used for bone regeneration, with autogenous bone being considered the gold standard material because of its osteogenic, osteoconductive, and osteoinductive properties. In recent years, the use of autogenous dentin as a graft material has been described. This split-mouth clinical trial assesses the efficacy of autogenous dentin for the regeneration of periodontal defects caused by bone loss associated with impacted lower third molar extraction. Fifteen patients underwent bilateral extraction surgery (30 third molars) using dentin as a graft material on the test side, and leaving the control side to heal spontaneously, comparing the evolution of the defects by evaluating probing depth at three and six months post-operatively. Bone density and alveolar bone crest maintenance were also evaluated six months after surgery, and pain, inflammation, mouth opening capacity on the second and seventh days after surgery. Probing depth, radiographic bone density, and alveolar bone crest maintenance showed significant differences between the test and control sides. Autogenous dentin was found to be an effective biomaterial for bone regeneration after impacted lower third molar extraction.
Effect of Isomeric Amine Chain Extenders and Crosslink Density on the Properties of Liquid Crystal Elastomers
Authors: Lee Yoojin , Choi Subi , Kang Beom-Goo , Ahn Suk-kyun
Published: July 2020

Among the various types of shape changing materials, liquid crystal elastomers (LCEs) have received significant attention as they can undergo programmed and reversible shape transformations. The molecular engineering of LCEs is the key to manipulating their phase transition, mechanical properties, and actuation performance. In this work, LCEs containing three different types of butyl groups (n-, iso-, and sec-butyl) in the side chain were synthesized, and the effect of isomeric amine chain extenders on the thermal, mechanical, and actuation properties of the resulting LCEs was investigated. Because of the considerably low reactivity of the sec-butyl group toward the diacrylate in the LC monomer, only a densely crosslinked LCE was synthesized. Most interestingly, the mechanical properties, actuation temperature, and blocking stress of the LCEs comprising isobutyl groups were higher than those of the LCEs comprising n-butyl groups. This difference was attributed to the presence of branches in the LCEs with isobutyl groups, which resulted in a tighter molecular packing and reduced the free volume. Our results suggest a facile and effective method for synthesizing LCEs with tailored mechanical and actuation properties by the choice of chain extenders, which may advance the development of soft actuators for a variety of applications in aerospace, medicine, and optics.
A Transformational Modified Markov Process for Chord-Based Algorithmic Composition
Authors: Amram Meirav , Fisher Etan , Gul Shai , Vishne Uzi
Published: July 2020

The goal of this research is to maximize chord-based composition possibilities given a relatively small amount of information. A transformational approach, based in group theory, was chosen, focusing on chord intervals as the components of a modified Markov process. The Markov process was modified to balance between average harmony, representing familiarity, and entropy, representing novelty. Uniform triadic transformations are suggested as a further extension of the transformational approach, improving the quality of tonality. The composition algorithms are demonstrated given a short chord progression and also given a larger database of albums by the Beatles. Results demonstrate capabilities and limitations of the algorithms.