bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Algorithms in personnel selection, applicants' attributions about organizations' intents and organizational attractiveness: An experimental study
Authors: Koch‐Bayram Irmela Fritzi , Kaibel Chris
Published: July 2023

Machine‐learning algorithms used in personnel selection are a promising avenue for several reasons. We shift the focus to applicants' attributions about the reasons why an organization uses algorithms. Combining the human resources attributions model, signaling theory, and existing literature on the perceptions of algorithmic decision‐makers, we theorize that using algorithms affects internal attributions of intent and, in turn, organizational attractiveness. In two experiments (N = 259 and N = 342), including a concurrent double randomization design for causal mediation inferences, we test our hypotheses in the applicant screening stage. The results of our studies indicate that control‐focused attributions about personnel selection (cost reduction and applicant exploitation) are much stronger when algorithms are used, whereas commitment‐focused attributions (quality enhancement and applicant well‐being) are much stronger when human experts make selection decisions. We further find that algorithms have a large negative effect on organizational attractiveness that can be partly explained by these attributions. Implications for practitioners and academics are discussed.
High‐flow via a tracheostomy tube and speaking valve during weaning from mechanical ventilation and tracheostomy
Authors: Egbers Peter H. , Sutt Anna‐Liisa , Petersson Jenny E. , Bergström Liza , Sundman Eva
Published: July 2023

Background

Weaning from mechanical ventilation and tracheostomy after prolonged intensive care consume enormous resources with optimal management not currently well described. Restoration of respiratory flow via the upper airway is essential and early cuff‐deflation using a one‐way valve (OWV) is recommended. However, extended OWV use may cause dry airways and thickened secretions which challenge the weaning process. High‐flow therapy via the tracheostomy tube (HFT‐T) humidifies inspired air and may be connected via an in‐line OWV (HFT‐T‐OWV) alleviating these problems. We aim to provide clinical and experimental data on the safety of HFT‐T‐OWV along with a practical guide to facilitate clinical use during weaning from mechanical ventilation and tracheostomy.

Methods

Data on adverse events of HFT‐T‐OWV were retrieved from a quality register for patients treated at an intensive care rehabilitation center between 2019 and 2022. Benchtop experiments were performed to measure maximum pressures and pressure support generated by HFT‐T‐OWV at 25–60 L/min flow using two different HFT‐T adapters (interfaces). In simulated airway obstruction using a standard OWV (not in‐line) maximum pressures were measured with oxygen delivered via the side port at 1–3 L/min.

Results

Of 128 tracheostomized patients who underwent weaning attempts, 124 were treated with HFT‐T‐OWV. The therapy was well tolerated, and no adverse events related to the practice were detected. The main reason for not using HFT‐T‐OWV was partial upper airway obstruction using a OWV. Benchtop experiments demonstrated HFT‐T‐OWV maximum pressures <4 cmH2O and pressure support 0–0.6 cmH2O. In contrast, 1–3 L/min supplemental oxygen via a standard OWV caused pressures between 84 and 148 cmH2O during simulated airway obstruction.

Conclusions

Current study clinical data and benchtop experiments indicate that HFT‐T‐OWV was well tolerated and appeared safe. Pressure support was low, but humidification may enable extended use of a OWV without dry airway mucosa and thickened secretions. Results suggest the treatment could offer advantages to standard OWV use, with or without supplementary oxygen, as well as to HFT‐T without a OWV, for weaning from mechanical ventilation and tracheostomy. However, for definitive treatment recommendations, randomized clinical trials are needed.
Borderline personality disorder and depression severity predict suicidal outcomes: A six‐month prospective cohort study of depression, bipolar depression, and borderline personality disorder
Authors: Söderholm John J. , Socada J. Lumikukka , Rosenström Tom H. , Ekelund Jesper , Isometsä Erkki
Published: July 2023

Background

Suicide risk is high in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD), bipolar disorder (BD) and borderline personality disorder (BPD). Whether risk levels of and risk factors for suicidal ideation (SI) and suicide attempts (SA) are similar or different in these disorders remains unclear, as few directly comparative studies exist. The relationship of short‐term changes in depression severity and SI is underinvestigated, and might differ across groups, for example, between BPD and non‐BPD patients.

Methods

We followed, for 6 months, a cohort of treatment‐seeking, major depressive episode (MDE) patients in psychiatric care (original n = 124), stratified into MDE/MDD, MDE/BD and MDE/BPD subcohorts. We examined risks of suicide‐related outcomes and their risk factors prospectively. We examined the covariation of SI and depression over time with biweekly online modified Patient Health Questionnaire 9 surveys and analysed this relationship through multi‐level modelling.

Results

Risk of SA in BPD (22.2%) was higher than non‐BPD (4.23%) patients. In regression models, BPD severity was correlated with risk of SA and clinically significant SI. During follow‐up, mean depression severity and changes in depression symptoms were associated with SI risk regardless of diagnosis.

Conclusions

Concurrent BPD in depression seems predictive for high risk of SA. Severity of BPD features is relevant for assessing risk of SA and SI in MDE. Changes in depressive symptoms indicate concurrent changes in risk of SI. BPD status at intake can index risk for future SA, whereas depressive symptoms appear a useful continuously monitored risk index.
Applying artificial intelligence to detect and analyse oral and maxillofacial bone loss—A scoping review
Authors: Farajollahi Mehran , Safarian Mohammad Sadegh , Hatami Masoud , Esmaeil Nejad Azadeh , Peters Ove A.
Published: July 2023

Radiographic evaluation of bone changes is one of the main tools in the diagnosis of many oral and maxillofacial diseases. However, this approach to assessment has limitations in accuracy, inconsistency and comparatively low diagnostic efficiency. Recently, artificial intelligence (AI)‐based algorithms like deep learning networks have been introduced as a solution to overcome these challenges. Based on recent studies, AI can improve the detection accuracy of an expert clinician for periapical pathology, periodontal diseases and their prognostication, as well as peri‐implant bone loss. Also, AI has been successfully used to detect and diagnose oral and maxillofacial lesions with a high predictive value. This study aims to review the current evidence on artificial intelligence applications in the detection and analysis of bone loss in the oral and maxillofacial regions.
CLA+ memory T cells in atopic dermatitis
Authors: Nicolàs Lídia Sans‐de San , Czarnowicki Tali , Akdis Mübeccel , Pujol Ramon M. , Lozano‐Ojalvo Daniel , Leung Donald Y. M. , Guttman‐Yassky Emma , Santamaria‐Babí Luis F.
Published: July 2023

Circulating skin‐homing cutaneous lymphocyte‐associated antigen (CLA)+ T cells constitute a small subset of human memory T cells involved in several aspects of atopic dermatitis: Staphylococcus aureus related mechanisms, the abnormal Th2 immune response, biomarkers, clinical aspects of the patients, pruritus, and the mechanism of action of targeted therapies. Superantigens, IL‐13, IL‐31, pruritus, CCL17 and early effects on dupilumab‐treated patients have in common that they are associated with the CLA+ T cell mechanisms in atopic dermatitis patients. The function of CLA+ T cells corresponds with the role of T cells belonging to the skin‐associated lymphoid tissue and could be a reason why they reflect different mechanisms of atopic dermatitis and many other T cell mediated skin diseases. The goal of this review is to gather all this translational information of atopic dermatitis pathology.
Decolonizing a discipline in distress
Authors: Baviskar Amita
Published: July 2023

India‐based anthropologists must contend with the legacies of colonial epistemologies and postcolonial imperatives in an increasingly neoliberal academy and Hindu‐supremacist nation‐state. For these scholars, anthropology's values of critical humanism are more vital than ever. The challenge is to uphold them in ways that both include and reach beyond the academy. Over the decades, Indian anthropologists’ position has shifted with regard to their discipline, to academic institutions, the nation, and the wider world since Independence. Today, they face challenges to the vision of democratizing anthropology in terms of institutional autonomy and public accountability. The Indian experience may provide insights to colleagues in the North.
(Un)making the manual scavenger
Authors: Sreenath Shreyas
Published: July 2023

In contemporary Indian cities, sewage infrastructures hold out the promise of liberal modernity. But they have also become sites for the reinvention of “manual scavenging,” a legally abolished caste practice that degrades and kills ostracized communities by exposing them to human excreta. Amid official underreporting, activists estimate that hundreds of workers, overwhelmingly Dalit (ex‐untouchable) and hired on a contractual basis, die every year while clearing Indian sewers. Yet not a single person has been convicted of abetting manual scavenging. Cases of sewage deaths in Bengaluru, touted as India's Silicon Valley, reveal that abettors often escape prosecution, framing manual scavenging as an accidental effect of unruly sewage flows. The transformation of overburdened urban sewerage into an alibi for caste violence demonstrates how caste and contractual liberalism share a necropolitical interest in displacing ecological uncertainty onto Dalit bodies.
Holocene relative shore‐level changes and development of the Ģipka lagoon in the western Gulf of Riga
Authors: Rosentau Alar , Grudzinska Ieva , Kalińska Edyta , Alexanderson Helena , Bērziņš Valdis , Ceriņa Aija , Kalniņa Laimdota , Karušs Jānis , Lamsters Kristaps , Muru Merle , Nartišs Māris , Paparde Līga , Hang Tiit
Published: July 2023

Holocene relative shore‐level changes and development of the Ģipka palaeolagoon in the western Gulf of Riga are reconstructed using multiproxy analyses by combining litho‐, biostratigraphical and chronological data with remote sensing and geophysical data. The results show the development of the Ģipka basin from the Ancylus Lake/Initial Litorina Sea coastal zone (before c. 9.1 cal. ka BP) to coastal fen (c. 9.1 to 8.4 cal. ka BP) and gradual development of the Litorina Sea lagoon (c. 8.4 to 4.8 cal. ka BP) and its transition to a freshwater coastal lake (c. 4.8 to 4.6 cal. ka BP), fen (c. 4.6 to 4.2 cal. ka BP), and river floodplain (since c. 4.2 cal. ka BP). The highest shorelines of the Ancylus Lake and Litorina Sea were mapped at an elevation of 12–11 and 9 m a.s.l., respectively. A new relative shore level (RSL) curve for the western Gulf of Riga was constructed based on RSL data from the Ģipka area and from nearby Ruhnu Island studied earlier. The reconstruction shows that the beginning of the last marine transgression in the western Gulf of Riga started at c. 8.4 cal. ka BP, and concurred with the 1.9 m RSL rise event recorded from the North Sea basin. Diatom analysis results indicate the existence of the Ģipka lagoon between c. 7.7 and 4.8 cal. ka BP, with the highest salinity c. 6.1 cal. ka BP. During the existence of the brackish lagoon, settlement sites of the Neolithic hunter–gatherer groups existed on the shores of the lagoon in the period c. 6.0 to 5.0 cal. ka BP.
Fertility Effects of Labor Market Conditions at Graduation
Authors: Yin Yue , Jiang Ye
Published: July 2023

This study examines how individuals' fertility outcomes were affected by the labor market conditions they experienced at graduation. Using data from the Chinese General Social Survey, it finds that poor labor market conditions at graduation delayed individuals' entry into parenthood. Higher unemployment rates at graduation reduced the probability of having at least one child in the survey year for both men and women. The negative fertility effects generally followed a U‐shape, reached the maximum around average childbearing ages, and faded out within 15 years after graduation. Low‐skilled workers mainly contribute to the negative fertility effects observed in the whole sample. Employment and marital outcomes are also analyzed as potential mechanisms. Estimation results indicate that individuals who experienced poor labor market conditions at graduation delayed marriage and the birth of the first child due to a lower probability of being employed, reduced working hours, and adverse income shocks. The negative long‐term fertility effects should be brought to policymakers' attention, especially when China's low fertility issue worsens. Policymakers are expected to create more favorable employment conditions for labor market entrants to encourage fertility and expand the future working‐age population.
Increasing linkage to hepatitis C care following trauma‐informed rehabilitation: An education and quality improvement project among women
Authors: Crespi Agustina , Van Uum Rafique , Lathouris Helen , Masterman Chelsea , Muncaster Kody , Gaete Kayla , Capraru Camelia , Shah Hemant , Feld Jordan J. , Biondi Mia J.
Published: July 2023

Introduction

The on‐going substance use crisis has led to unprecedented rates of hepatitis C virus (HCV) in Canada, with increasing positivity among women who use drugs (WWUD). Despite efforts to reduce barriers to HCV testing and treatment, follow‐up remains a major issue.

Methods

In this quality improvement project (QIP), we partnered with a short‐stay trauma‐informed residential drug treatment facility specifically for WWUD, to provide an engaging peer‐led HCV education session, followed by low‐barrier nurse and peer‐led testing and treatment. We sought to evaluate these interventions, as well as determine what factors could improve engagement after women leave.

Results

The session was attended by 217 participants, 130 completed the survey and 153 opted into testing. Survey results indicated that participants were highly motivated to access general care as well as HCV testing and treatment. The most frequently reported barriers to testing and treatment were a previous negative test and being asymptomatic, respectively. Follow‐up facilitators included a non‐judgmental provider (88%), monetary incentives (67%), follow‐up phone calls (77%), e‐mails (66%) and text messages (58%). Of those who were RNA positive, 5 of 13 initiated treatment on‐site. By using the results of the QIP in real‐time, 6 of 13 were started after leaving the centre (one pending and one lost to follow‐up).

Discussion and Conclusions

The implementation of co‐localised peer‐led testing and treatment for HCV, along with persistent follow‐up efforts, led to increases in linkage to care and treatment. Co‐localisation of testing and care with substance‐use services, especially if residential, is a viable, low‐barrier strategy for increasing linkage to care among WWUD.
Geochronology and geochemistry of early Palaeozoic ultramafic rocks along Jiangshan‐Shaoxing Fault and their tectonic significance
Authors: Wang Cunzhi , Huang Zhizhong , Zhu Qingbo , Xing Guangfu , Jin Guodong , Chu Pingli
Published: July 2023

The origins of early Paleozoic orogen in South China have two different models: subduction model and intra‐continental model. Here we report two new identification of ~440 Ma arc‐related ultramafic intrusions in Tingzifan (TZF) and Fomuting (FMT) along Jiangshan‐Shaoxing fault (JSF) in South China, respectively. The Silurian ultramafic intrusions are composed of olivine pyroxenite, the SiO2, MgO and TiO2 contents of olivine pyroxenites are 39.67–41.25 wt%, 28.98–31.38 wt% and 0.23–0.51 wt%, respectively. The geochemical compositions of the olivines, clinopyroxenes and hornblendes suggest an arc‐related environment for these intrusions. As for the whole‐rock trace elements, the ultramafic intrusions contain low total rare earth element (REE) contents (27.59–34.26 μg/g) and high field strength elements (HFSEs), such as Nb, Zr, Hf, Ti, and are systematically enriched in large ion lithophile elements and light rare earth elements (LREEs). Trace element compositions share most features of Alaskan‐type ultramafic‐mafic intrusions. Isotopically, the TZF and FMT ultramafic intrusions are characterized by negative Zircons εHf(t) values (0.38–7.54). Combined with their whole‐rock and mineral chemistry as well as zircon Hf isotope, we suggest that the Alaskan‐type TZF and FMT pyroxenite were formed at the root of the continental arc by underplating and fractional crystallization of mafic magma which derived from subduction metasomatized mantle source. Thus, we proposed that the early Paleozoic ultramafic–mafic along Jiangshan‐Shaoxing fault were most likely related to early Paleozoic subduction of the Paleo‐South China Ocean between Cathaysia and Yangtze blocks, arguing that the origins of early Paleozoic orogen in the South China Block is a typical subduction‐accretionary collisional‐type orogenic belt rather than an intraplate belt.
Eggshell coloration is an indicator of dietary calcium in Common Pheasants (Phasianus colchicus)
Authors: Jones Landon R. , Black Hal L. , Boudreau Melanie R. , Bracken Rebecca D. , Johnston N. Paul
Published: July 2023

According to the structural‐function hypothesis, the eggshell pigment protoporphyrin, deposited at weak spots, can strengthen the shell structure when calcium is lacking in avian species. However, this hypothesis has not been tested in species that produce pigmented eggs of uniform ground colour without spotting patterns. We tested the structural‐function hypothesis using 435 eggs produced on seven calcium diets (0.2–4.5%) given to Common Pheasants Phasianus colchicus, a species that produces a large number of eggs on a low‐calcium diet with unspotted eggshells composed of a uniform ground colour of mainly protoporphyrin. We found that pheasants on the lowest calcium diet (0.2%), which had thinner eggshells, produced eggs containing more protoporphyrin‐based coloration than four of six other diets, suggesting this species employs pigmentation as ground colour to strengthen eggshells when available calcium is low. Our results provide the first, at least partial support for a structural function for eggshell pigments producing ground colour without spotting in a species that is often calcium‐limited. This pattern may be more widespread in other ground‐nesting taxa that also produce large numbers of eggs with protoporphyrin‐based ground colour and are potentially limited by calcium during breeding.
Aphidophagous predators in commercial Capsicum cultivars and characterization of their trophic network using stomach content analysis
Authors: Duque‐Gamboa Diana Nataly , Toro‐Perea Nelson
Published: July 2023

Viruses and aphids, the most recent vectors of viruses (Hemiptera: Aphididae) of the genera Myzus and Aphis, are the main phytosanitary problems of Capsicum spp. (Solanales: Solanaceae) agricultural systems in Colombia. The incorporation of biological control in integrated pest management (IPM) programmes, which can be used to reduce aphid populations in solanaceous crops, is hampered by the lack of information on the natural enemy community, such as parasitoids, predators and generalist aphidophagous. For this reason, the objective of this research was to determine and characterize the community of generalist aphidophagous (Coccinellidae and Syrphidae) in the cultivation of chilli pepper in south‐western Colombia, and to characterize their diet through stomach content analysis using next‐generation sequencing (NGS) techniques. Two species of Coccinellidae and one species of Syrphidae were the most abundant predators in commercial crops of Capsicum spp. and fed preferentially on aphids that attacked the pepper plants. The characterization of the diet of these predators using molecular tools revealed intraspecific predation, secondary predation of aphid parasitoids and consumption of alternative prey to the aphids attacking the pepper plants. Differences in diet composition were observed between larval and adult coccinellids, and between coccinellids and the hoverfly species studied. The results suggest that dominant predators may be suitable for use in IPM programmes to control aphids in pepper crops, as their diet consists mainly of aphids that attack pepper plants. In addition, these predators can take advantage of the agricultural matrix by feeding on alternative prey in the absence of aphids.
Development of theoretically informed audit and feedback: An exemplar from a complex implementation strategy to improve asthma self‐management in UK primary care
Authors: McClatchey Kirstie , Sheldon Aimee , Steed Liz , Sheringham Jessica , Holmes Steve , Preston Megan , Appiagyei Francis , Price David , Taylor Stephanie J. C. , Pinnock Hilary ,   for the IMPART Programme Group
Published: July 2023

Rationale

Audit and feedback is an evidence‐based implementation strategy, but studies reporting the use of theory to guide design elements are limited.

Aims and Objectives

Within the context of a programme of research aiming to improve the implementation of supported asthma self‐management in UK primary care (IMPlementing IMProved Asthma self‐management as RouTine [IMP2ART]), we aimed to design and develop theoretically‐informed audit and feedback that highlighted supported asthma self‐management provision and areas for improvement in primary care general practices.

Method

Aligned with the Medical Research Council (MRC) complex intervention framework, the audit and feedback was developed in three phases: (1) Development: literature and theory exploration, and prototype audit and feedback design; (2) Feasibility: eliciting feedback on the audit and feedback from general practice staff (n = 9); (3) Prepiloting: delivering the audit and feedback within the IMP2ART implementation strategy (incorporating patient and professional resources and an asthma review template) and eliciting clinician feedback (n = 9).

Results

Audit and feedback design was guided by and mapped to existing literature suggestions and theory (e.g., Theoretical Domains Framework, Behaviour Change Technique Taxonomy). Feedback on the prototype audit and feedback confirmed feasibility but identified some refinements (a need to highlight supporting self‐management and importance of asthma action plans). Prepiloting informed integration with other IMP2ART programme strategies (e.g., patient resources and professional education).

Conclusion

We conclude that a multistage development process including theory exploration and mapping, contributed to the design and delivery of the audit and feedback. Aligned with the MRC framework, the IMP2ART strategy (incorporating the audit and feedback) is now being tested in a UK‐wide cluster randomised controlled trial.
Serum microRNA‐501‐3p is a potential diagnostic tool for detecting mild cognitive impairment: Ehime genome study
Authors: Toyama Kensuke , Spin Joshua M. , Tsao Philip S. , Maruyama Koutatsu , Osawa Haruhiko , Mogi Masaki , Takata Yasunori
Published: July 2023

Tight junction disruption and dysfunction are involved in the progression of blood–brain barrier (BBB) breakdown. Recent investigations have revealed BBB disruption in patients with vascular cognitive decline. Our previous studies showed that miR‐501‐3p negatively regulates cerebral endothelial tight junction protein‐1, resulting in the disruption of the BBB, and playing an important role in the development of vascular cognitive impairment. BBB breakdown in white matter lesions is often seen in the patients with vascular mild cognitive impairment (MCI). We therefore hypothesize that most early‐phase MCI patients may demonstrate elevated expression of miR‐501‐3p and sought to investigate whether serum exosome miR‐501‐3p levels could be a clinical indicator for detecting mild cognitive impairment. One hundred and seventy‐eight subjects (aged 73 [68–75] years, 53% male) were recruited for this study. The Japanese version of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA‐J) was used for detecting MCI. Serum exosome miR‐501‐3p expression levels were measured by qPCR methods. Patients were divided into two groups depending on whether their miR‐501‐3p ∆Ct values were above (“High”; n = 74) or below (“Low”; n = 104) cutoff levels determined by ROC curve. MCI was detected significantly more often in the miR‐501‐3p‐High group (vs. ‐Low group, 63.5% vs. 47.1%, respectively; p < 0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed a significant association between MCI status and High miR‐501‐3p (odds ratio 2.662; p < 0.01), improved vs. known risk factors. In non‐diabetic patients, High miR‐501‐3p was positively associated with MCI status (odds ratio 3.633; p < 0.01) and also positively associated with MCI status in those with atherosclerosis (odds ratio 3.219; p < 0.01). The present study demonstrates that elevated expression of blood exosomal miR‐501‐3p can indicate the presence of MCI in human patients. Early detection of vascular injuries may allow a reduction in progressive dementia through the management of vascular risk factors.

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Schwann cell‐derived amphiregulin enhances nerve regeneration via supporting the proliferation and migration of Schwann cells and the elongation of axons
Authors: Chen Sailing , Chen Qianqian , Zhang Xiaojiao , Shen Yinying , Shi Xinyu , Dai Xiu , Yi Sheng
Published: July 2023

Peripheral nerves have limited regeneration ability following nerve injury. Applying growth factors with neurotrophic roles is beneficial for accelerating peripheral nerve regeneration. Here we show that after rat sciatic nerve injury, growth factor amphiregulin (AREG) is upregulated in Schwann cells of sciatic nerves. Elevated AREG stimulates the proliferation and migration of Schwann cells by activating ERK1/2 cascade. Schwann cell‐secreted AREG further facilitates the outgrowth of neurites and the elongation of injured axons. Administration of AREG to injured sciatic nerves stimulates the proliferation of Schwann cells to replace lost cell population, encourages the migration of Schwann cells to form cell cords, and facilitates the regrowth of axons. Overall, our results identify AREG as an important neurotrophic factor and thus provide a promising therapeutic avenue towards peripheral nerve injury.

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Outcomes of treatment of cats with feline infectious peritonitis using parenterally administered remdesivir, with or without transition to orally administered GS‐441524
Authors: Coggins Sally J. , Norris Jacqui M. , Malik Richard , Govendir Merran , Hall Evelyn J. , Kimble Benjamin , Thompson Mary F.
Published: July 2023

Background

Nucleoside analog GS‐441524 is effective in treating cats with feline infectious peritonitis (FIP). Investigation into the use of parent nucleotide analog remdesivir (GS‐5734) is needed.

Objectives

To assess efficacy and tolerability of remdesivir with or without transition to GS‐441524 in cats with FIP and document clinical and clinicopathologic progression over 6 months.

Animals

Twenty‐eight client‐owned cats with FIP.

Methods

Cats were prospectively recruited between May 2021 and May 2022. An induction dosage of remdesivir 10 to 15 mg/kg intravenously or subcutaneously q24h was utilized for 4 doses, with a maintenance dosage of remdesivir (6‐15 mg/kg SC) or GS‐441524 (10‐15 mg/kg per os) every 24 hours continued for at least 84 days. Laboratory testing, veterinary, and owner assessments were recorded.

Results

Twenty‐four cats survived to 6 months (86%). Three cats died within 48 hours. Excluding these, survival from 48 hours to 6 months was 96% (24/25). Remission was achieved by day 84 in 56% (14/25). Three cats required secondary treatment for re‐emergent FIP. Remission was achieved in all 3 after higher dosing (15‐20 mg/kg). Adverse reactions were occasional site discomfort and skin irritation with remdesivir injection. Markers of treatment success included resolution of pyrexia, effusions, and presenting signs of FIP in the first half of treatment and normalization of globulin concentration, and continued body weight gains in the latter half of the treatment period.

Conclusions and Clinical Importance

Parenteral administration of remdesivir and oral administration of GS‐441524 are effective and well‐tolerated treatments for FIP. Early emphasis on clinical, and later emphasis on clinicopathologic response, appears prudent when monitoring treatment efficacy.
Gene expression and metabolic activity of Streptococcus mutans during exposure to dietary carbohydrates glucose, sucrose, lactose, and xylitol
Authors: Jurakova Veronika , Farková Veronika , Kucera Jiri , Dadakova Katerina , Zapletalova Martina , Paskova Katerina , Reminek Roman , Glatz Zdenek , Holla Lydie Izakovicova , Ruzicka Filip , Lochman Jan , Linhartova Petra Borilova
Published: July 2023

Recent RNA sequencing studies have given us a deeper insight into the cariogenic impact of carbohydrate sources in the bacterium Streptococcus mutans, the principal microbial agent in dental caries etiopathogenesis. The process of dental caries development is facilitated by the ability of this bacterium to ferment some carbohydrates into organic acids contributing to a pH decrease in the oral cavity and the demineralization of the hard tissues of the tooth. Furthermore, in dental caries progression, biofilm formation, which starts and ends with free planktonic cells, plays an important role and has several unique properties called virulence factors. The most cariogenic carbohydrate is sucrose, an easily metabolizable source of energy that induces the acidification and synthesis of glucans, forming typical bacterial cell clumps. We used multifaceted methodological approaches to compare the transcriptomic and metabolomic profiles of S. mutans growing in planktonic culture on preferred and nonpreferred carbohydrates and in fasting conditions. Streptococcus mutans in a planktonic culture with lactose produced the same pH drop as glucose and sucrose. By contrast, xylitol and lactose showed high effectiveness in regulating intracellular polysaccharide metabolism, cell wall structure, and overall virulence involved in the initial phase of biofilm formation and structure but with an opposite pattern compared with sucrose and glucose. Our results confirmed the recent findings that xylitol and lactose play a vital role in biofilm structure. However, they do not reduce its formation, which is related to the creation of a cariogenic environment.
Potential sex differences in human milk fatty acids and their association with atopic dermatitis: Results of the Ulm SPATZ health study
Authors: Ordnung Madeleine , Mank Marko , Stahl Bernd , Kurz Deborah , Marosvölgyi Tamas , Decsi Tamas , Rothenbacher Dietrich , Genuneit Jon , Siziba Linda P.
Published: July 2023

Background

Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in human milk are essential in immune system maturation and might play a role in the development of allergic conditions, such as atopic dermatitis (AD) in infants. Immune system responses are modulated by sex, but data on the sex‐specific associations with PUFAs are limited. We therefore explored sex‐specific differences in human milk PUFAs and their association with AD up to 2 years.

Methods

PUFAs were measured in human milk samples from the Ulm SPATZ Health Study at 6 weeks (n = 512) and 6 months (n = 367). Associations with AD up to 2 years were evaluated using crude and multivariable logistic regression. Interactions between infant sex and PUFAs were explored by including the product term.

Results

No significant associations were observed with 6‐week data. At 6 months, the median relative proportion of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) was significantly higher in milk for female than male infants (p = .001). Female infants whose milk was lower in quintile proportions of alpha‐linolenic acid (ALA) at 6 months had lower odds of AD compared to males [first vs. fifth quintile OR (95% confidence interval): 0.13 (0.02, 0.66), p = .02]. This interaction was not significant when correcting for multiple testing (α threshold: p = .004). No other statistically significant associations were observed.

Conclusion

Individual quintile PUFA proportions in human milk were not associated with AD, overall and in a sex‐specific manner. More comprehensive and statistically powered longitudinal studies are needed to determine whether potential sex differences in human milk, if any, could be of clinical relevance for infants including the investigation of mediating factors.
Applying relational turbulence theory to examine partner (under)accommodation during conversations about relational stressors
Authors: Dhillon Anuraj
Published: July 2023

Utilizing the prepositions of relational turbulence theory (RTT), the present study proposes that relational uncertainty and partner interference assessed before the conversation about a relational stressor may polarize perceptions of partner (under)accommodation during the conversation, and those perceptions may further associate with global evaluations of relationships as turbulent measured post conversation. Fifty heterosexual couples (100 individuals) participated in the pre‐survey, lab visit, and post‐survey. Findings uncovered that for men, perceptions of partner (under)accommodation mediated the association between relational uncertainty and relational turbulence, and perceptions of partner accommodation mediated the association between partner interference and relational turbulence. Further, for women, perceptions of partner underaccommodation mediated the association between relational partner interference and relational turbulence. The results extend the utility of RTT in examining perceptions of partners' (under)accommodative behaviors during conversations about relational stressors.
Reading Fanon on Hegel
Authors: Hogan Brandon
Published: July 2023

Scholars who write about Fanon's engagement with Hegel in Black Skin, White Masks divide into roughly two groups. One group takes it that Fanon engages with Hegel to critique his philosophical views. This group takes it that Fanon views Hegel as irrelevant to the Black struggle against modern, anti‐Black racism. It is easy to see why this reading is natural and tempting, given the widely held belief that Hegel's philosophy is essentially racist. The second group believes that Fanon relies on Hegel to explain the predicament of Black people who face racial discrimination. Indeed, some in this group believe that Fanon relies on Hegel to justify his call to violence in The Wretched of the Earth. I side with the second group. Fanon's engagement with Hegel is not a critique, but a thoughtful application of Hegel's thought that illustrates the connection between self‐consciousness, autonomy, and interpersonal recognition. In this article, I'll explain the positions of both camps and provide reasons to think the second camp has a better take on Fanon's reading of Hegel.
Human Performance in Competitive and Collaborative Human–Machine Teams
Authors: Bennett Murray S. , Hedley Laiton , Love Jonathon , Houpt Joseph W. , Brown Scott D. , Eidels Ami
Published: July 2023

In the modern world, many important tasks have become too complex for a single unaided individual to manage. Teams conduct some safety‐critical tasks to improve task performance and minimize the risk of error. These teams have traditionally consisted of human operators, yet, nowadays, artificial intelligence and machine systems are incorporated into team environments to improve performance and capacity. We used a computerized task modeled after a classic arcade game to investigate the performance of human–machine and human–human teams. We manipulated the group conditions between team members; sometimes, they were instructed to collaborate, compete, or work separately. We evaluated players' performance in the main task (gameplay) and, in post hoc analyses, participant behavioral patterns to inform group strategies. We compared game performance between team types (human–human vs. human–machine) and group conditions (competitive, collaborative, independent). Adapting workload capacity analysis to human–machine teams, we found performance under both team types and all group conditions suffered a performance efficiency cost. However, we observed a reduced cost in collaborative over competitive teams within human–human pairings, but this effect was diminished when playing with a machine partner. The implications of workload capacity analysis as a powerful tool for human–machine team performance measurement are discussed.
Molecular analysis separates the Atlantic population of Montagu's stellate barnacle into two cryptic species
Authors: Bronstein Omri , Motro Uzi , Simon‐Blecher Noa , Ndao Papa Demba , Savaya Amit , Achituv Yair
Published: July 2023

The distribution of the intertidal barnacle Chthamalus montagui spans the West Mediterranean Sea and the Northeast Atlantic shores of Europe and West Africa. Knowledge of the phylogeography of this species has been limited to the Mediterranean and the European shores of the Atlantic. The present study considers the populations of West Europe, but also focuses on the overlooked populations of West Africa. We performed a molecular analysis using two markers: the mitochondrial COI gene and the nuclear rRNA ITS gene. Whereas ITS proved to be non‐informative, COI has demonstrated that the East Atlantic population of C. montagui comprises two genetically distinct clades: a northern clade that ranges from Mauritania to Scotland and a southern clade that comprises the populations from Senegal. These clades are separated by the Cape Verde Front, which stretches west of the upwelling area off Mauritania. We consider these clades as two cryptic species of the nominal species C. montagui.
Many kinases for controlling the water channel aquaporin‐2
Authors: Kharin Andrii , Klussmann Enno
Published: July 2023

Aquaporin‐2 (AQP2) is a member of the aquaporin water channel family. In the kidney, AQP2 is expressed in collecting duct principal cells where it facilitates water reabsorption in response to antidiuretic hormone (arginine vasopressin, AVP). AVP induces the redistribution of AQP2 from intracellular vesicles and its incorporation into the plasma membrane. The plasma membrane insertion of AQP2 represents the crucial step in AVP‐mediated water reabsorption. Dysregulation of the system preventing the AQP2 plasma membrane insertion causes diabetes insipidus (DI), a disease characterised by an impaired urine concentrating ability and polydipsia. There is no satisfactory treatment of DI available. This review discusses kinases that control the localisation of AQP2 and points out potential kinase‐directed targets for the treatment of DI.

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Two new eriophyid species (Acari: Eriophyoidea) from Meshginshahr rangelands, Iran
Authors: Hemmatzadeh-Khorshidabadi Haniyeh , Lotfollahi Parisa , Mehrvar Ali , De Lillo Enrico
Published: July 2023

During the survey on eriophyoid mite fauna of Meshginshahr rangelands two new eriophyid species were found and described: Aceria onopordi Lotfollahi et Hemmatzadeh sp. nov. from the host plant Onopordum acanthium L. (Asteraceae) and Aculus astracti Lotfollahi et Hemmatzadeh sp. nov. from the host plant Astragalus compactus Lam. (Fabaceae). Both species were vagrant on their hostplant without any observed alteration on them.
Deep transfer learning-based variable Doppler underwater acoustic communications
Authors: Liu Yufei , Zhao Yunjiang , Gerstoft Peter , Zhou Feng , Qiao Gang , Yin Jingwei
Published: July 2023

This paper proposes a deep transfer learning (DTL)-based variable Doppler frequency-hopping binary frequency-shift keying underwater acoustic communication system. The system uses a convolutional neural network (CNN) as the demodulation module of the receiver. This approach directly demodulates the received signal without estimating the Doppler. The DTL first uses the simulated communication signal data to complete the CNN training. It then copies a part of the convolution layers from the pre-trained CNN to the target CNN. After randomly initializing the remaining layers for the target CNN, it is trained by the data samples from the specific communication scenarios. During the training process, the CNN learns the corresponding frequency from each symbol in the selected frequency-hopping group through the Mel-spectrograms. Simulation and experimental data processing results show that the performance of the proposed system is better than conventional systems, especially when the transmitter and receiver of the communication system are in variable speed motion in shallow water acoustic channels.
Effects of landscape and distance in automatic audio based bird species identification
Authors: Somervuo Panu , Lauha Patrik , Lokki Tapio
Published: July 2023

The present work focuses on how the landscape and distance between a bird and an audio recording unit affect automatic species identification. Moreover, it is shown that automatic species identification can be improved by taking into account the effects of landscape and distance. The proposed method uses measurements of impulse responses between the sound source and the recorder. These impulse responses, characterizing the effect of a landscape, can be measured in the real environment, after which they can be convolved with any number of recorded bird sounds to modify an existing set of bird sound recordings. The method is demonstrated using autonomous recording units on an open field and in two different types of forests, varying the distance between the sound source and the recorder. Species identification accuracy improves significantly when the landscape and distance effect is taken into account when building the classification model. The method is demonstrated using bird sounds, but the approach is applicable to other animal and non-animal vocalizations as well.
Associations of Monitor-Independent Movement Summary and Health-Related Fitness With Gross Motor Skills in Young Children
Authors: Burns Ryan Donald , Fu You , Bai Yang , Byun Wonwoo
Published: July 2023

The purpose of this study was to determine the associations of device-based assessments of physical activity (PA) and health-related fitness (HRF) with gross motor skills (GMS) in preschool-aged children. Participants were 3- to 5-year-old children (N = 316; 49.6% female) who participated in the 2012 National Youth Fitness Survey. GMS was assessed using the gross motor quotient calculated from the Test for Gross Motor Development—Second Edition. PA was assessed using wrist-worn ActiGraph GT3X accelerometers with raw triaxial acceleration data summarized using monitor-independent movement summary units (MIMS). Analyzed metrics included average MIMS per day and peak 30-min MIMS. HRF assessment consisted of a plank score and a sum of skinfold assessment. Weighted hierarchical regressions tested the associations between PA, HRF, and GMS variables with a secondary weighted mediation analysis that examined whether HRF mediated the association between PA and GMS. Peak 30-min MIMS significantly correlated with GMS (b = 0.17, p = .005). Plank scores had the strongest correlation with GMS (b = 0.23, p = .004), and weighted mediation analyses revealed that plank scores partially mediated the association between peak 30-min MIMS and GMS (indirect effect = 0.03, p = .01, 23.1% mediation). Peak 30-min MIMS significantly associated with GMS in preschool children, an association partially mediated by core muscular endurance.
Implications of predicting race variables from medical images
Authors: Zou James , Gichoya Judy Wawira , Ho Daniel E. , Obermeyer Ziad
Published: July 2023

AI-predicted race variables pose risks and opportunities for studying health disparities
Identification of DraRS in Clostridioides difficile, a Two-Component Regulatory System That Responds to Lipid II-Interacting Antibiotics
Authors: Pannullo Anthony G. , Zbylicki Brianne R. , Ellermeier Craig D.
Published: July 2023

Clostridioides difficile
is a major cause of hospital-acquired diarrhea and represents an urgent concern due to the prevalence of antibiotic resistance and the rate of recurrent infections.
C. difficile
encodes ~50 annotated two-component systems (TCSs); however, only a few have been studied. The function of these unstudied TCSs is not known.
A Novel Robust Method Mimicking Human Substratum To Dissect the Heterogeneity of Candida auris Biofilm Formation
Authors: Biswas Biswambhar , Rana Aishwarya , Gupta Nidhi , Gupta Ishaan , Puria Rekha , Thakur Anil
Published: July 2023

Heterogeneity is seen when multidrug-resistant
C. auris
biofilm is cultured using different reported methods. Biofilm formed on the gelatin surface mimics the condition of a host environment that has multilayers and EPS.
Paraburkholderia sabiae
Uses One Type VI Secretion System (T6SS-1) as a Powerful Weapon against Notorious Plant Pathogens
Authors: Hug Sebastian , Heiniger Benjamin , Bolli Kim , Paszti Sarah , Eberl Leo , Ahrens Christian H. , Pessi Gabriella
Published: July 2023

Rhizobia often display additional beneficial traits such as the production of plant hormones and the acquisition of limited essential nutrients that improve plant growth and enhance plant yields. Here, we show that the rhizobial strain
P. sabiae
antagonizes important phytopathogens such as
P. carotovorum,
P. syringae
, and
R. solanacearum
and that this effect is due to contact-dependent killing mediated by one of two T6SS systems identified in the complete,
de novo
assembled genome sequence of
P. sabiae
.
Age and origin of Early Cretaceous magmatism in the southernmost Omineca Belt, northern U.S. Cordillera
Authors: Gaschnig Richard M. , Lewis Reed S. , Vervoort Jeff D.
Published: July 2023

We present results of a geochronological and geochemical study of the Kaniksu batholith, located in northern Idaho and Washington near the Canadian border. This batholith occurs at the southern end of the Omineca Belt and forms an integral part of the Priest River metamorphic complex. The Kaniksu batholith is compositionally diverse, but granitoids can be grouped into a volumetrically major peraluminous and metaluminous suite and a volumetrically minor alkalic suite based on lithology and major-element composition; additional compositionally similar alkalic plutons extend far to the south of the main footprint of the batholith. Laser ablation−inductively coupled plasma−mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) U-Pb zircon dating revealed that most granitoids of the batholith formed in the Early Cretaceous between 120 Ma and 100 Ma, although magmatism continued until ca. 73 Ma. The dominance of Early Cretaceous ages closely matches magmatic age distributions elsewhere in the Omineca Belt. There is no clear relationship between age and suite assignment or other geochemical characteristics.

Whole-rock Sr, Nd, and Pb isotope data along with zircon Hf isotope data suggest that the alkalic and metaluminous suites can largely be explained as mixtures of partial melts from the Mesoproterozoic Moyie sills and metasedimentary rocks of the Belt Supergroup, whereas a third component, perhaps Paleoproterozoic or Neoarchean meta-igneous basement, is required to explain the origin of the peraluminous suite. All of these granitoids formed well behind the Cordilleran arc front in an area characterized by multiple episodes of crustal thickening. As there is little evidence of contemporaneous mantle-derived magmatism, crustal thickening was probably the main driver of batholith formation.