bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Machine learning enabled subgroup analysis with real-world data to inform clinical trial eligibility criteria design
Authors: Xu Jie , Zhang Hao , Zhang Hansi , Bian Jiang , Wang Fei
Published: January 2023

Overly restrictive eligibility criteria for clinical trials may limit the generalizability of the trial results to their target real-world patient populations. We developed a novel machine learning approach using large collections of real-world data (RWD) to better inform clinical trial eligibility criteria design. We extracted patients’ clinical events from electronic health records (EHRs), which include demographics, diagnoses, and drugs, and assumed certain compositions of these clinical events within an individual’s EHRs can determine the subphenotypes—homogeneous clusters of patients, where patients within each subgroup share similar clinical characteristics. We introduced an outcome-guided probabilistic model to identify those subphenotypes, such that the patients within the same subgroup not only share similar clinical characteristics but also at similar risk levels of encountering severe adverse events (SAEs). We evaluated our algorithm on two previously conducted clinical trials with EHRs from the OneFlorida+ Clinical Research Consortium. Our model can clearly identify the patient subgroups who are more likely to suffer or not suffer from SAEs as subphenotypes in a transparent and interpretable way. Our approach identified a set of clinical topics and derived novel patient representations based on them. Each clinical topic represents a certain clinical event composition pattern learned from the patient EHRs. Tested on both trials, patient subgroup (#SAE=0) and patient subgroup (#SAE>0) can be well-separated by k-means clustering using the inferred topics. The inferred topics characterized as likely to align with the patient subgroup (#SAE>0) revealed meaningful combinations of clinical features and can provide data-driven recommendations for refining the exclusion criteria of clinical trials. The proposed supervised topic modeling approach can infer the clinical topics from the subphenotypes with or without SAEs. The potential rules for describing the patient subgroups with SAEs can be further derived to inform the design of clinical trial eligibility criteria.
Compound 48/80 increases murine bladder wall compliance independent of mast cells
Authors: Saxena Pragya , Broemer Eli , Herrera Gerald M. , Mingin Gerald C. , Roccabianca Sara , Tykocki Nathan R.
Published: January 2023

A balance between stiffness and compliance is essential to normal bladder function, and changes in the mechanical properties of the bladder wall occur in many bladder pathologies. These changes are often associated with the release of basic secretagogues that in turn drive the release of inflammatory mediators from mast cells. Mast cell degranulation by basic secretagogues is thought to occur by activating an orphan receptor, Mas-related G protein-coupled receptor B2 (Mrgprb2). We explored the effects of the putative mast cell degranulator and Mrgprb2 agonist Compound 48/80 on urinary bladder wall mechanical compliance, smooth muscle contractility, and urodynamics, and if these effects were mast cell dependent. In wild-type mice, Mrgprb2 receptor mRNA was expressed in both the urothelium and smooth muscle layers. Intravesical instillation of Compound 48/80 decreased intermicturition interval and void volume, indicative of bladder overactivity. Compound 48/80 also increased bladder compliance while simultaneously increasing the amplitude and leading slope of transient pressure events during ex vivo filling and these effects were inhibited by the Mrgprb2 antagonist QWF. Surprisingly, all effects of Compound 48/80 persisted in mast cell-deficient mice, suggesting these effects were independent of mast cells. These findings suggest that Compound 48/80 degrades extracellular matrix and increases urinary bladder smooth muscle excitability through activation of Mrgprb2 receptors located outside of mast cells. Thus, the pharmacology and physiology of Mrgprb2 in the urinary bladder is of potential interest and importance in terms of treating lower urinary tract dysfunction.
Hyaluronic acid and multiwalled carbon nanotubes as bioink additives for cartilage tissue engineering
Authors: Szymański Tomasz , Semba Julia Anna , Mieloch Adam Aron , Cywoniuk Piotr , Kempa Marcelina , Rybka Jakub Dalibor
Published: January 2023

Articular cartilage and meniscus injuries are prevalent disorders with insufficient regeneration responses offered by available treatment methods. In this regard, 3D bioprinting has emerged as one of the most promising new technologies, offering novel treatment options. Additionally, the latest achievements from the fields of biomaterials and tissue engineering research identified constituents facilitating the creation of biocompatible scaffolds. In this study, we looked closer at hyaluronic acid and multi-walled carbon nanotubes as bioink additives. Firstly, we assessed the minimal concentrations that stimulate cell viability, and decrease reactive oxygen species and apoptosis levels in 2D cell cultures of normal human knee articular chondrocytes (NHAC) and human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC-AT). In this regard, 0.25 mg/ml of hyaluronic acid and 0.0625 mg/ml of carbon nanotubes were selected as the most optimal concentrations. In addition, we investigated the protective influence of 2-phospho-L-ascorbic acid in samples with carbon nanotubes. Tests conducted on 3D bioprinted constructs revealed that only a combination of components positively impacted cell viability throughout the whole experiment. Gene expression analysis of COL1A1, COL6A1, HIF1A, COMP, RUNX2, and POU5F1 showed significant changes in the expression of all analyzed genes with a progressive overall loss of transcriptional activity in most of them.
Unaltered fungal community after fire prevention treatments over widespread Mediterranean rockroses (Halimium lasianthum)
Authors: Martín-Pinto Pablo , Fernández Cristina , Santos María , Fontúrbel Teresa , Oria-de-Rueda Juan Andrés , Vázquez-Veloso Aitor , Stadler Tim , Mediavilla Olaya , Sanz-Benito Ignacio
Published: January 2023

Mediterranean ecosystems are frequently invaded by pyrophytic scrubs such asHalimium lasianthumthat colonize areas traditionally used by livestock. A diverse fungal community is associated with this kind of vegetation, playing an important ecological role in these ecosystems. However, uncontrolled expansion of these shrubs considerably increases the risk of wildfires in these stands and, hence, fire-prevention treatments are needed. To investigate the long-term effects of two different forest-fire-prevention treatments on the soil fungal community, we analyzed these communities 9 years after prescribed burning or mechanical shredding were carried out in scrubland dominated byH. lasianthum. Neither of the fire-prevention treatments had a negative long-term effect on the abundance or richness of ectomycorrhizal fungi. However, saprotrophs and lichenized fungi experienced negative effects. Soil fertility significantly affected the distribution of fungi according to their functional groups, and pH was the most influential variable in terms of the distribution of edible species. Our findings indicate that forest management practices to prevent forest fires does not negatively affect the fungal community in the long-term, but for lichens and decomposers. Moreover, prescribed burning is suggested as a more economical way of reducing the risk of wildfires without affecting the ecology of the fungal community.
Reaching new lights: a review on photo-controlled nanomedicines and theirin vivoevaluation
Authors: Remmers Rik C. P. A. , Neumann Kevin
Published: January 2023

Light emerged as one of the most powerful stimuli for controlled drug release from nanomedicines. This review discusses the chemical design and efficiency of photo-controlled nanomedicines that have been evaluatedin vivo.
A unique reaction of diphenylcyclopropenone and 1,2-aminothiol with the release of thiol for multiple bioconjugation
Authors: Liu Shanshan , Ye Haishun , Yi Long , Xi Zhen
Published: January 2023

A unique coupling of diphenylcyclopropenones and 1,2-aminothiol in water at pH 7.4 produces an amide conjugate with the release of thiol for multiple bioconjugation.
Combining dithieno[3,2-f:2′,3′-h]quinoxaline-based terpolymer and ternary strategies enabling high-efficiency organic solar cells
Authors: Jung Sungwoo , Jeong Seonghun , Oh Jiyeon , Kim Seoyoung , Lee Seunglok , Yoon Seong-Jun , Yang Changduk
Published: January 2023

This study demonstrates high-efficiency OSCs by combining dithieno[3,2-f:2′,3′-h]quinoxaline-based terpolymer and ternary strategies.
A unified reaction network on the formation of five-membered ringed polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and their role in ring expansion processes through radical–radical reactions
Authors: Li Wang , Zhao Long , Kaiser Ralf I.
Published: January 2023

Molecular mass growth processes to four polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons with two six- and one five-membered ring (C13H10) were deciphered experimentally 3H-cyclopenta[a]naphthalene, 1H-cyclopenta[b]naphthalene, 1H-cyclopenta[a]naphthalene, fluorene.
How does multiple substrate binding lead to substrate inhibition of CYP2D6 metabolizing dextromethorphan? A theoretical study
Authors: Sun Min-Zhang , Lyu Ling-Shan , Zheng Qing-Chuan
Published: January 2023

The multiple substrate binding event can lead to the self-inhibition of CYP2D6 metabolizing dextromethorphan.
Tough hydrogel with high water content and ordered fibrous structures as an artificial human ligament
Authors: Han Songjiu , Wu Qirui , Zhu Jundong , Zhang Jiayu , Chen Anbang , Su Shu , Liu Jiantao , Huang Jianren , Yang Xiaoxiang , Guan Lunhui
Published: January 2023

Natural biological tissues such as ligaments, due to their anisotropic across scale structure, have high water content, while still maintaining high strength and flexibility.
Hydrogels with ultra-highly additive adjustable toughness under quasi-isochoric conditions
Authors: Lin Xinxing , Wang Xiaolin , Cui Hongyuan , Rao Ping , Meng Yuezhong , Ouyang Gangfeng , Guo Hui
Published: January 2023

A novel strategy is proposed to prepare additive-responsive hydrogels with ultra-highly adjustable toughness under quasi-isochoric conditions.
Structural and bio-catalytic aspects of nano crystallite iron(iii) complexes containing triazole-based ligands
Authors: Al-Nashawy Ali M. A. , Ramadan Abd El-Motaleb M. , Shaban Shaban Y. , Khalil Said , Shebl Magdy , Abdel-Galeil Mohamed M. , Al-Harbie Sami A. , Fathy Ahmed M.
Published: January 2023

Stopped-follow kinetic study of the aerobic oxidation of catechol and 2-aminophenol by new Fe(iii) complexes as oxidase functional models.
Synthesis of rifaximin-loaded ZnO@ZIF-8 nanocomposites for Staphylococcal biofilm eradication and related infection therapy
Authors: Liu Tianci , Zhang Aoxue , Zhou Minyuan , Wang Yuhang , Xie Shuyu , Lu Zhe-Xue
Published: January 2023

Rifaximin-loaded ZnO@ZIF-8 nanocomposites, with a positive zeta potential, pH-responsive drug release behavior and self-antibacterial activity, show great potential for anti-biofilm application.
“Hot exciton” fluorescence and charge transport of fine-tuned twistacenes: theoretical study on substitution effect and intermolecular interactions
Authors: Wei Xiaoye , Liu Ziyang , Zhang Kaixuan , Zhao Zilin , Zhang Wei , Han Qian , Ma Gang , Zhang Chunfang
Published: January 2023

New twistacene 1 and its CH3, OH, OCH3, NH2, F, CN and NO2derivatives were simulated and their photoelectronic and charge transport properties investigatedviatheoretical calculations.
Non-centrosymmetric Weyl semimetal state and strain effect in the twisted-brick phase transition metal monochalcogenides
Authors: Wu Jia-Fang , Ke Sha-Sha , Guo Yong , Zhang Huai-Wu , Lü Hai-Feng
Published: January 2023

The nodal loop phase transition to Weyl fermion in twisted-brick-MoTe is realized via spin–orbit interactions. Strain effects can tune the topological strength strikingly; hence, a strain-tuned partly-ideal Weyl semimetal phase in MoTe was observed.
Rapid improvement of heart repair in rats after myocardial infarction by precise magnetic stimulation on the vagus nerve with an injectable magnetic hydrogel
Authors: Bao Siyuan , Lu Yao , Zhang Jian , Xue Le , Zhang Yewei , Wang Peng , Zhang Fengxiang , Gu Ning , Sun Jianfei
Published: January 2023

An injectable magnetic hydrogel combined with a mild magnetic field stimulates the vagus nerve to improve myocardial infarction.
Unveiling the orientation and dynamics of enzymes in unstructured artificial compartments of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs)
Authors: Pan Yanxiong , Li Qiaobin , Liu Wei , Armstrong Zoe , MacRae Austin , Feng Li , McNeff Charles , Zhao Pinjing , Li Hui , Yang Zhongyu
Published: January 2023

Unstructured confinement of enzyme is created in Metal–Organic Frameworks. The orientation and backbone dynamics of the trapped enzyme are determined, essential for biocatalyst design and fundamental enzyme studies under confinement.
Low-molecular-weight anti-HIV-1 agents targeting HIV-1 capsid proteins
Authors: Kobayakawa Takuya , Yokoyama Masaru , Tsuji Kohei , Fujino Masayuki , Kurakami Masaki , Onishi Takato , Boku Sayaka , Ishii Takahiro , Miura Yutaro , Shinohara Kouki , Kishihara Yuki , Ohashi Nami , Kotani Osamu , Murakami Tsutomu , Sato Hironori , Tamamura Hirokazu
Published: January 2023

Design and synthesis of MKN-3 derivatives: a new class of small molecules, MKN-3 derivatives, were developed based on in silico screening, as dipeptide mimics of Trp184 and Met185 at the hydrophobic interaction site between two capsid (CA) proteins.
A mitochondria-localized iridium(iii) photosensitizer for two-photon photodynamic immunotherapy against melanoma
Authors: Wang Lili , Karges Johannes , Wei Fangmian , Xie Lina , Chen Zhuoli , Gasser Gilles , Ji Liangnian , Chao Hui
Published: January 2023

An iridium(iii) two-photon photosensitizer was demonstrated to effectively trigger melanoma cell death by a combination of ferroptosis and ICD, and also cause the systemic induction of an immune response.
Simultaneously achieving room-temperature circularly polarized luminescence and high stability in chiral perovskite nanocrystals via block copolymer micellar nanoreactors
Authors: Kim Minju , Kim Jiweon , Bang Jieun , Jang Yu Jin , Park JaeHong , Kim Dong Ha
Published: January 2023

Perovskite nanocrystals with high chirality and stability were synthesized via chirality transfer from a chiral supramolecular nanoreactor assembled from an achiral block copolymer complexed with racemic alanine.
The fluorination effect: the importance of backbone planarity in achieving high performance ambipolar field effect transistors
Authors: Gámez-Valenzuela Sergio , Comí Marc , González Sandra Rodríguez , Delgado M. Carmen Ruiz , Al-Hashimi Mohammed , Ponce Ortiz Rocío
Published: January 2023

Understanding the strategy of fluorination to control π-conjugation and intra and interchain interactions for the rational design of improved semiconducting polymers.
Bacterial cellulose wave plates for polarization-encryption applications
Authors: Yu Xiao , Zhang Dan , Xu Mengdi , Song Guangjie , Xu Yan
Published: January 2023

Bacterial cellulose (BC)-based wave plates with tunable phase delays for polarization-encryption applications.
Prognostic significance of tumor-associated macrophages polarization markers in lung cancer: a pooled analysis of 5105 patients
Authors: Yi Bin , Cheng Yuanda , Chang Ruimin , Zhou Wolong , Tang Huili , Gao Yang , Zhang Chunfang
Published: January 2023

Background: The prognostic significance of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) in patients with lung cancer (LCa) remains controversial. We therefore conducted the present study to systematically evaluate the role of different TAMs markers and histologic locations on the prognosis of LCa.

Methods: Searches of Web of Science, PubMed, and EMBASE databases were performed up to 28 February 2022. The pooled analysis was conducted in random-effect or fixed-effects model with hazard risk (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for survival data including overall survival (OS), and disease-free survival (DFS) from raw or adjusted measures, according to different TAMs markers and histologic locations.

Results: Including a total of 5105 patients from 30 eligible studies, the results indicated that the total count of CD68+ TAMs was negatively associated with OS and DFS, which was also observed in the relationship of CD68+ or CD204+ TAMs in tumor stroma (TS) with OS and DFS (all P<0.05). Conversely, higher CD68+ TAMs density in tumor nest (TN) or TN/TS ratio of CD68+ TAMs predicted better OS (all P<0.05). Similarly, higher HLA-DR+ TAMs density was correlated with better OS in TN and TS (all P<0.05). Besides, neither nest CD163+ TAM density nor stromal CD163+ TAM density was a prognostic factor in LCa patients (all P>0.05).

Conclusion: Our study indicated that different TAMs markers and histologic locations could bring about different prognostic effects in LCa patients. Great understanding of the infiltration modes of TAMs may contribute to improve outcomes of LCa patients.
Factors Affecting Nonnative Consonant Cluster Learning
Authors: Buchwald Adam , Cheng Hung-Shao
Published: January 2023

Purpose:

Nonnative consonant cluster learning has become a useful experimental approach for learning about speech motor learning, and we sought to enhance our understanding of this area and to establish best practices for this type of research.

Method:

One hundred twenty individuals completed a nonnative consonant cluster learning task within a speech motor learning paradigm. Following a brief prepractice, participants then practiced the production of eight word-initial nonnative consonant clusters embedded in bisyllabic nonwords (e.g., GD in /gdivu/). The clusters ranged in difficulty according to linguistic typology and sonority sequencing. Acquisition was operationalized as the change across the practice section and learning was assessed with two retention sessions (R1: 30 min after practice; R2: 2 days after practice). We evaluated changes in accuracy as well as in the acoustic details of the cluster production at each time point.

Results:

Overall, participants improved in their production of the consonant clusters. Accuracy increased, and duration measures decreased in specific measures associated with cluster production. The change in coordination measured in the acoustics changed both for clusters that were incorrectly produced and for those that were correctly produced, indicating continued motor learning even in accurate tokens.

Conclusions:

These results aid our understanding of the complexity of nonnative consonant cluster learning. In particular, both factors related to both phonological and speech motor control properties affect the learning of novel speech sequences.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.21844185
A survey on the Dai–Liao family of nonlinear conjugate gradient methods
Authors: Babaie-Kafaki Saman
Published: January 2023

At the beginning of this century, which is characterized by huge flows of emerging data, Dai and Liao proposed a pervasive conjugacy condition that triggered the interest of many optimization scholars. Recognized as a sophisticated conjugate gradient (CG) algorithm after about two decades, here we share our visions and thoughts on the method in the framework of a review study. In this regard, we first discuss the modified Dai–Liao methods based on the modified secant equations given in the literature, mostly with the aim of applying the objective function values in addition to the gradient information. Then, several adaptive, sort of optimal choices for the parameter of the method are studied. Especially, we devote a part of our study to the modified versions of the Hager–Zhang and Dai–Kou CG algorithms, being well-known members of the Dai–Liao class of CG methods. Extensions of the classical CG methods based on the Dai–Liao approach are also reviewed. Finally, we discuss the optimization models of practical disciplines that have been addressed by the Dai–Liao approach, including the nonlinear systems of equations, image restoration and compressed sensing.
The Development and Application of Digital Media Interaction in Artistic Experience
Authors: Huang Yu
Published: January 2023

In this era of scientific and technological progress, digital media has made great contributions to the world and modern art and design works. The Internet has helped many artists make their work more visible and accessible to audiences around the world. Advanced technology has also enabled artists to transform and manipulate their work, thus becoming an important artistic medium. This paper summarizes the characteristics of interactive technology and new media, and analyzes the development and application of new media interactive art in experience.
The Impact Of Douyin (Chinese TikTok) On The Socialization Of Chinese Youth
Authors: Gao Xinting
Published: January 2023

The more efficient network transmission rate and increasingly popular hardware technology brought by 5G technology have driven the rapid development of online HD short videos. As one of the most popular online short video mediums in China, Douyin, its international version known as TikTok, has a large youth user base, and its influence on youth growth has attracted widespread attention from families, society, and academia. Therefore, it is important to study the influence of Douyin on youth socialization and propose a media environment that is conducive to building a healthy socialization environment for youth.
Research on Film Short Video Marketing Strategy from the Perspective of the New Marketing Theory of 4C
Authors: Xu Jingyi
Published: January 2023

Short video is a new symbol of information dissemination in the era of mobile Internet. The rapid development of mobile Internet is changing people’s lives but also changed the traditional marketing model In the process of the development of the mobile Internet, it catered to the present audience fragmentation reading habits, make the participatory culture fans interaction in the process of movie marketing. Nowadays, the short video led by TikTok has become the standard distribution of film marketing in China, and the content and form are constantly innovative. Based on the New 4C Marketing theory, this paper starts with the special attributes and marketing strategies of short video in combination with China's national conditions and specific cases, and analyzes and explores this short video marketing model. It then obtains the reasons and strategies for the good effect of short video in China at present.
The Impact of Positive and Negative News about Celebrity Endorsers on the Consumer Behavior of Generation Z — Take the Chinese Market as an Example
Authors: Wang Weiran
Published: January 2023

This study examines whether positive and negative news about celebrity endorsers affects the consumer behavior of Chinese Gen Z consumers. A quantitative research was conducted to measure Changes in Chinese Gen Z consumers’ attitudes, favorability, and purchase intentions before and after the time of positive and negative celebrity endorsement events. The results of the study show that whe a celebrity endorser has negative news, Gen Z consumers’ favorability towards the endorser and the brand as well as their purchase intention will be significantly reduced. On the contrary, when a celebrity endorser has positive news, there is a slight, but not significant increase in Gen Z’s favorability towards endorser and the brand, and their purchase intention.
A Short Text Classification Model for Electrical Equipment Defects Based on Contextual Features
Authors: LI Peipei , ZENG Guohui , HUANG Bo , YIN Ling , SHI Zhicai , HE Chuanpeng , LIU Wei , CHEN Yu
Published: January 2023

The defective information of substation equipment is usually recorded in the form of text. Due to the irregular spoken expressions of equipment inspectors, the defect information lacks sufficient contextual information and becomes more ambiguous. To solve the problem of sparse data deficient of semantic features in classification process, a short text classification model for defects in electrical equipment that fuses contextual features is proposed. The model uses bi-directional long-short term memory in short text classification to obtain the contextual semantics of short text data. Also, the attention mechanism is introduced to assign weights to different information in the context. Meanwhile, this model optimizes the convolutional neural network parameters with the help of the genetic algorithm for extracting salient features. According to the experimental results, the model can effectively realize the classification of power equipment defect text. In addition, the model was tested on an automotive parts repair dataset provided by the project partners, thus enabling the effective application of the method in specific industrial scenarios.
Post-PCI Risk Assessment by Inflammation Activity According to Disease Acuity and Time from Procedure
Authors: Song Haegeun , Ahn Jong-Hwa , Kang Min Gyu , Kim Kye-Hwan , Bae Jae Seok , Cho Sang Young , Koh Jin-Sin , Park Yongwhi , Hwang Seok-Jae , Cho Eun Jeong , Byeon Kyeongmin , Kim Sang-Wook , Tantry Udaya S. , Gurbel Paul A. , Hwang Jin-Yong , Jeong Young-Hoon
Published: January 2023

Background High-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) has been proposed as an indicator of inflammation and cardiovascular risk. However, little is known of the comparative temporal profile of hs-CRP and its relation to outcomes according to the disease acuity.

Methods We enrolled 4,263 East Asian patients who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and stable disease. hs-CRP was measured at baseline and 1 month post-PCI. Major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE: the composite occurrence of death, myocardial infarction, or stroke) and major bleeding were followed up to 4 years.

Result The AMI group (n = 2,376; 55.7%) had higher hs-CRPbaseline than the non-AMI group (n = 1,887; 44.3%) (median: 1.5 vs. 1.0 mg/L; p < 0.001), which remained higher at 1 month post-PCI (median: 1.0 vs. 0.9 mg/L; p = 0.001). During 1 month, a high inflammatory-risk phenotype (upper tertile: hs-CRPbaseline ≥ 2.4 mg/L) was associated with a greater MACE in the AMI group (adjusted hazard ratio [HRadj]: 7.66; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.29–25.59; p < 0.001), but not in the non-AMI group (HRadj: 0.74; 95% CI: 0.12–4.40; p = 0.736). Between 1 month and 4 years, a high inflammatory-risk phenotype (upper tertile: hs-CRP1 month ≥ 1.6 mg/L) was associated with greater MACE compared to the other phenotype in both the AMI (HRadj: 2.40; 95% CI: 1.73–3.45; p < 0.001) and non-AMI groups (HRadj: 2.67; 95% CI: 1.80–3.94; p < 0.001).

Conclusion AMI patients have greater inflammation during the early and late phases than non-AMI patients. Risk phenotype of hs-CRPbaseline correlates with 1-month outcomes only in AMI patients. However, the prognostic implications of this risk phenotype appears similar during the late phase, irrespective of the disease acuity.
A Novel Ring-Opening/Ring-Closing Cascade Reaction Selectively Induced by Aliphatic Primary Amine Using Phenolic Hydroxyl as a Traceless Directing Group
Authors: Liu Teng , Huang Chao , Huang Shuntao , Li Jingpeng , Yang Qi , Zhan Shuyan
Published: January 2023

An interesting ring-closing/ring-opening cascade reaction selectively induced by aliphatic primary amine for the synthesis of functionalized aminomaleimides is described. This work features phenolic hydroxyl as a traceless directing group that forms a critical six-membered intermediate and then a lactone ammonolysis/intramolecular amidation sequence. This two-step, one-pot practical protocol has broad substrate scope (39 examples) and delivers structurally diverse aminomaleimides in good to excellent yields.
A ‘leftist premium’ to protest movements?: How incumbent partisanship conditions austerity-spurred mass protest
Authors: Suzuki Junpei
Published: January 2023

Fiscal austerity is a policy characteristic of governments that adhere to conservative economic ideologies. In recent decades, however, especially after the 2009 Eurozone Crisis, leftist and left-centre coalition governments have also adopted austerity policies. While it is documented that fiscal austerity incurs electoral costs upon incumbent governments and these costs depend on their partisanship, whether and how the partisanship of the incumbent government affects the pattern of protest movements remains unknown. In this paper, I hypothesized that fiscal austerity by leftist governments, through adding a ‘premium’ to public grievances and demining citizens’ utility of electoral participation, results in a higher likelihood of protest movements than fiscal austerity implemented by right-dominant governments. I supported this hypothesis by analysing panel data for 37 developed countries between 1973 and 2015. Besides, the partisan-pronounced effects on the protest likelihood are observed particularly for non-violent protests such as demonstrations and strikes and for the post-2000 era.
Quiver Yangians and crystal meltings: A concise summary
Authors: Yamazaki Masahito
Published: January 2023

The goal of this short article is to summarize some of the recent developments in quiver Yangians and crystal meltings. This article is based on a lecture delivered by the author at International Congress on Mathematical Physics (ICMP), Geneva, 2021.
Strict monotonicity, continuity, and bounds on the Kertész line for the random-cluster model on Zd
Authors: Hansen Ulrik Thinggaard , Klausen Frederik Ravn
Published: January 2023

Ising and Potts models can be studied using the Fortuin–Kasteleyn representation through the Edwards–Sokal coupling. This adapts to the setting where the models are exposed to an external field of strength h > 0. In this representation, which is also known as the random-cluster model, the Kertész line is the curve that separates two regions of the parameter space defined according to the existence of an infinite cluster in Zd. This signifies a geometric phase transition between the ordered and disordered phases even in cases where a thermodynamic phase transition does not occur. In this article, we prove strict monotonicity and continuity of the Kertész line. Furthermore, we give new rigorous bounds that are asymptotically correct in the limit h → 0 complementing the bounds from the work of Ruiz and Wouts [J. Math. Phys. 49, 053303 (2008)], which were asymptotically correct for h → ∞. Finally, using a cluster expansion, we investigate the continuity of the Kertész line phase transition.
Ion-acoustic feature of collective Thomson scattering in non-equilibrium two-stream plasmas
Authors: Sakai K. , Nishimoto T. , Isayama S. , Matsukiyo S. , Kuramitsu Y.
Published: January 2023

We theoretically and numerically investigate the ion-acoustic features of collective Thomson scattering (CTS) in two-stream plasmas. When the electron distribution functions of two (stationary and moving) components overlap with each other at the phase velocities corresponding to the two resonant peaks of the ion-acoustic feature, the theoretical spectrum shows asymmetry because the rate of electron Landau damping is different for the two peaks. The results of numerical simulations agree well with the theoretical spectra. We also demonstrate the effect of a two-stream-type instability in the ion-acoustic feature. The simulated spectrum in the presence of the instability shows an asymmetry with the opposite trend to the overlapped case, which results from the temporal change of the electron distribution function caused by the instability. Our results show that two-stream plasmas have significant effects on CTS spectra and that the waves resulting from instabilities can be observed in the ion-acoustic feature.
Investigations of room temperature multiferroic and magneto-electric properties of (1-Φ) PZTFT-Φ CZFMO particulate composites
Authors: Bhoi Krishnamayee , Pradhan Dhiren K. , Chandrakanta K. , Simhachalam Narendra Babu , Singh A. K. , Vishwakarma P. N. , Kumar A. , Rack Philip D. , Pradhan Dillip K.
Published: January 2023

Multiferroic composites consisting of a single-phase multiferroic [0.6(PbZr0.53Ti0.47O3)-0.4(PbFe0.5Ta0.5)O3] as a matrix and a magnetostrictive phase (Co0.6Zn0.4Fe1.7Mn0.3O4) dispersed in the matrix are fabricated via hybrid synthesis technique. The structure and surface morphology studies using x-ray diffraction and field emission scanning electron microscopy techniques indicate the formation of 3-0 type particulate composites. Coexistence of soft-magnetic behavior and ferroelectric characteristics are confirmed for composites from magnetization vs magnetic field (M–H) and polarization vs electric field (P–E) measurements, respectively. Magneto-dielectric (MD) measurement shows significant changes in the dielectric properties with the application of a magnetic field, indicating the existence of strong MD behavior. The biquadratic nature of magneto-electric (ME) coupling is described by the Landau free energy equation arising from the strain transfer at the interfaces between the constituent phases. The direct magneto-electric voltage coefficient measurement also confirms very strong coupling between ferroelectricity and magnetism and supports the strain-mediated magneto-electric effect in composites. The Φ = 0.3 composite exhibits the maximum ME coefficient of 20.72 mV/cm Oe with MS = 24.62 emu/g, HC = 59.66 Oe, and piezoelectric coefficient value d33 = 19 pC/N. The strong magneto-electric effect along with low dielectric loss at room temperature in these composites suggests their suitability for multifunctional magneto-electric device applications such as magnetic sensors, etc.
On the interpretation of kinetic effects from ionization in fluid models and its impact on filamentary transport
Authors: Thrysøe A. S. , Poulsen A. S. , Wiesenberger M.
Published: January 2023

In regions where a plasma is not fully ionized, such as the edge and scrape-off layer (SOL) regions in a tokamak, the charged particles may be subject to strong sources from interactions with neutral atoms and molecules. Such sources, e.g., from electron impact ionization, can introduce kinetic effects, as the ionized particles may have flow velocity and temperature different from that of the main species. If treated in the conventional fluid picture, this kinetic effect emerges as a frictional heating term. In this paper, the physics of this term is discussed, both for un-magnetized and magnetized plasmas. The fluid source terms are mapped back to the kinetic sources to provide a consistent picture for future model comparison. In the limits of low and high ratios between the rates of thermalization and ionization, a multi-ion species drift-fluid model is applied to assess the impact of this kinetic effect on SOL drift-plane plasma transport. This is done by modeling a seeded blob where the ions follow either a single- or double-Maxwellian velocity distribution function (VDF). It is found that the robustness of the magnetized plasma VDF in the drift-plane and the limited effect on the vorticity source ensure that the impact of kinetic effects on the perpendicular blob evolution is small, even in the limit of high ionization to thermalization rate ratio, where kinetic effects to the ion VDF are significant.
Magnetic force microscopy study of induced magnetism in graphene nanoribbons influenced by magnetic nanoparticles
Authors: Ray Bishakha , Parmar Saurabh , Abhyankar Ashutosh , Datar Suwarna
Published: January 2023

Nanoscale analysis of magnetic properties of graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) conjugated with magnetic nanoparticles has been studied in this work. The effect of varying concentrations of Fe3O4 and Ni nanoparticles on the magnetic domain structure of GNRs has been investigated using magnetic force microscopy (MFM). A variable external magnetic field was applied to the samples, and an evident variation in the domain structure with a change in the magnetic field was observed. It was found that magnetic properties and the imaged magnetic domain structure are influenced by the concentration of magnetic nanoparticles conjugated with GNRs. The vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM) studies support the nano-domain studies done using MFM such that the trend observed for the saturation magnetization obtained from vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM) matches that of the phase difference obtained using MFM.
Atomic clusters induced rapid hardening behavior in an early stage of isothermal aging for a high-strength Al alloy produced by laser powder bed fusion additive manufacturing
Authors: Zhang Han , Dai Donghua , Guo Meng , Yang Jiankai , Liu He , Gu Dongdong
Published: January 2023

Due to the transient interaction between laser and powder and layer-by-layer rapid melting and solidification, laser additive manufacturing-fabricated metal components can exhibit unique microstructure evolution behaviors and strengthening mechanisms that are normally not available in traditional processes. In this work, a previously unreported rapid hardening behavior at the very early stage of isothermal aging for laser powder bed fusion-processed high-strength Al-5024 alloy was revealed. The microstructures and mechanical properties of specimens aged from 10 min to 120h were systematically analyzed. It showed that the specimens underwent two peak hardening processes during an isothermal aging at 325 °C. The mechanical properties of the specimens including microhardness, yield strength, and elastic modulus were significantly enhanced after an extremely short aging time of 10 min and then reached a secondary peak hardening at an aging time of 4h, where the yield strength of 450 ± 10.3 and 463.2 ± 13.2 MPa were obtained, respectively. The unusual aging responses were attributed to the formation and decomposition of Sc-rich clusters with a high number density of 2.7 × 1023 m−3 and nano-size of 2.71 nm. These clusters were characterized by transmission electron microscopy analyses and further supported by differential scanning calorimetry measurements, where a significantly higher activation energy of 147.6 ± 21.1 kJ/mol corresponding to the precipitation/coarsening process of Al3(Sc,Zr) was measured for rapid hardening specimens. In addition, the relationship between the aging process, the evolution of nano-precipitates, and the mechanical properties was systematically demonstrated.
Effects of the magnetic field penetration into the metal on the Brillouin flow in a crossed-field gap
Authors: Marini Samuel , Rizzato Felipe B. , Pakter Renato
Published: January 2023

In this paper, the relativistic Brillouin flow in a crossed-field gap is investigated. For this, the case of a planar magnetron is considered. In contrast to previous studies, it is assumed that the electron discharge occurs in a timescale that is long compared to the magnetic diffusion time in the metal. It is found that the Brillouin flow properties and the overall scenario for the loss of magnetic insulation are different from the short pulse case. In particular, it is shown that two branches of equilibrium Brillouin flow solutions can coexist inside the gap region: one linearly stable and the other linearly unstable. As the parameters are varied, the two branches coalesce and cease to exist in a bifurcation that leads to a complete loss of magnetic insulation. Nevertheless, the mere existence of the unstable solution inside the gap is shown to affect the electron dynamics causing cathode–anode currents. An expression for the onset of the unstable solution is obtained and compared to the relativistic Hull cutoff condition for the short pulse case. It is found that the loss of magnetic insulation occurs for lower accelerating potentials in the present case. This effect is noticeable even for weakly relativistic cases.
Polarimetric Thomson scattering measurements in Joint European Torus high temperature plasmas
Authors: Scannell R. , Clark J. G. , Kim Y. , Kos D. , Maslov M. , Giudicotti L. ,   JET Contributors
Published: January 2023

Thomson scattered light is polarized in the same orientation as the incident laser beam at low electron temperatures (Te). At high Te, part of the spectrum begins to become randomly polarized due to relativistic reasons. First measurements of the depolarized Thomson scattering spectrum were obtained from Joint European Torus (JET) pulses in 2016. This paper builds upon these initial measurements with the data obtained during 2021. These new measurements improve upon first results, in particular, by obtaining spectral measurements of the depolarized spectrum. The recent JET campaign was well suited to these measurements with long and hot plasmas. The resulting data are averaged over many plasmas and laser pulses to obtain a measurement of the amount of “p” and “s” scattered light as a function of Te. This experimentally obtained d(p/s)/dTe is then fitted and found to show reasonable agreement with the theoretically predicted depolarized fraction. Error estimates on the measured “p/s” have been obtained and show that the measurements are meaningful. This is good news for ITER for which the intention is to use this measurement as a check on Te determined by the core plasma Thomson scattering diagnostic by using conventional spectral measurement techniques.
Thickness-dependent semimetal-to-semiconductor transition in two-dimensional GaGeTe
Authors: Lin Ruobing , Zhao Dongyang , Zhang Jiyue , Cao Hechun , Zeng Jinhua , Wang Xudong , Bai Wei , Yang Jing , Zhang Yuanyuan , Tang Xiaodong , Chen Yan , Wang Jianlu , Chu Junhao
Published: January 2023

Two-dimensional GaGeTe flakes with different thicknesses from 80 to 2.2 nm (bilayer) were exfoliated and transferred to a SiO2/Si substrate. A series of samples with different thicknesses were prepared and identified by optical microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and Raman spectrum. Raman modes strongly dependent on the layer thickness and characteristic Raman-active modes for few-layer (FL) GaGeTe flakes are demonstrated. These vibration modes of FL GaGeTe show a linear red-shift phenomenon with increasing temperature and their full width at half maximum of the Raman mode exhibits a weak temperature dependence below 200 K, and then, a linear increase with temperature. The electrical conductivity is 96.48 S/cm for 74 nm flakes and drops exponentially to 2.27 × 10−7 S/cm for 7 nm ones because of the bandgap widening with the decrease of layer thickness, which is evidenced by the work function increase from 4.4 to 4.96 eV, when the thickness decreases from 80 to 2.2 nm. Moreover, the electrical conductivity performs two different temperature dependence behaviors on the thickness, indicating a transition from semimetal for bulk to semiconductor for FL GaGeTe, which agrees well with that of the theoretical calculation.
Pound–Drever–Hall locking scheme free from Trojan operating points
Authors: Zeyen Manuel , Affolter Lukas , Ahmed Marwan Abdou , Graf Thomas , Kara Oguzhan , Kirch Klaus , Marszalek Miroslaw , Nez François , Ouf Ahmed , Pohl Randolf , Rajamohanan Siddharth , Yzombard Pauline , Antognini Aldo , Schuhmann Karsten
Published: January 2023

The Pound–Drever–Hall (PDH) technique is a popular method for stabilizing the frequency of a laser to a stable optical resonator or, vice versa, the length of a resonator to the frequency of a stable laser. We propose a refinement of the technique yielding an “infinite” dynamic (capture) range so that a resonator is correctly locked to the seed frequency, even after large perturbations. The stable but off-resonant lock points (also called Trojan operating points), present in conventional PDH error signals, are removed by phase modulating the seed laser at a frequency corresponding to half the free spectral range of the resonator. We verify the robustness of our scheme experimentally by realizing an injection-seeded Yb:YAG thin-disk laser. We also give an analytical formulation of the PDH error signal for arbitrary modulation frequencies and discuss the parameter range for which our PDH locking scheme guarantees correct locking. Our scheme is simple as it does not require additional electronics apart from the standard PDH setup and is particularly suited to realize injection-seeded lasers and injection-seeded optical parametric oscillators.
Adjustments to the law of the wall above an Amazon forest explained by a spectral link
Authors: Mortarini Luca , Katul Gabriel G. , Cava Daniela , Dias-Junior Cleo Quaresma , Dias Nelson Luis , Manzi Antonio , Sorgel Matthias , Araújo Alessandro , Chamecki Marcelo
Published: January 2023

Modification to the law of the wall represented by a dimensionless correction function ϕRSL(z/h) is derived using atmospheric turbulence measurements collected at two sites in the Amazon in near-neutral stratification, where z is the distance from the forest floor and h is the mean canopy height. The sites are the Amazon Tall Tower Observatory for z/h∈[1,2.3] and the Green Ocean Amazon (GoAmazon) site for z/h∈[1,1.4]. A link between the vertical velocity spectrum Eww(k) (k is the longitudinal wavenumber) and ϕRSL is then established using a co-spectral budget (CSB) model interpreted by the moving-equilibrium hypothesis. The key finding is that ϕRSL is determined by the ratio of two turbulent viscosities and is given as νt,BL/νt,RSL, where νt,RSL=(1/A)∫0∞τ(k)Eww(k)dk, νt,BL=kv(z−d)u*, τ(k) is a scale-dependent decorrelation time scale between velocity components, A=CR/(1−CI)=4.5 is predicted from the Rotta constant CR=1.8, and the isotropization of production constant CI=3/5 given by rapid distortion theory, kv is the von Kármán constant, u* is the friction velocity at the canopy top, and d is the zero-plane displacement. Because the transfer of energy across scales is conserved in Eww(k) and is determined by the turbulent kinetic energy dissipation rate (ε), the CSB model also predicts that ϕRSL scales with LBL/Ld, where LBL is the length scale of attached eddies to z=d, and Ld=u*3/ε is a macro-scale dissipation length.
Virtual laboratory experiments on the interaction of a vortex with small-scale topography
Authors: Gulliver L. T. , Radko T.
Published: January 2023

This study presents numerical analogs of laboratory experiments designed to explore the interaction of broad geophysical flows with irregular small-scale bathymetry. The previously reported “sandpaper” theory offered a succinct description of the cumulative effect of small-scale topographic features on large-scale flow patterns. However, initial investigations have been conducted using numerical models with simplified quasi-geostrophic equations that may inadequately represent the dynamics realized in the world’s oceans. This investigation advances previous efforts by using a fully nonlinear Navier–Stokes model configured for rotating tank experiments to (i) validate the theory and (ii) offer guidance for future physical experiments that will confirm theoretical ideas.