bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pro-Con Debate: Should All General Anesthesia Be Done Using Target-Controlled Propofol Infusion Guided by Objective Monitoring of Depth of Anesthesia?
Authors: Schnider Thomas W. , Nieuwenhuijs-Moeke Gertrude J. , Beck-Schimmer Beatrice , Hemmerling Thomas M.
Published: August 2023

In this Pro-Con commentary article, we discuss whether all general anesthesia should be done using target-controlled propofol anesthesia guided by monitoring of depth of anesthesia. This is an ongoing debate since more than 25 years, representing a scientific, cultural as well as geographical divide in the anesthesia community. The Pro side argues that total intravenous anesthesia causes less postoperative nausea and higher patient satisfaction than anesthesia using volatile anesthetics. Target-controlled infusion (TCI) of anesthetic agents allows for better titration of intravenous anesthesia using pharmacokinetic models. Processed EEG monitors, such as bispectral index monitoring, allows for better assessing the effect of TCI anesthesia than solely assessment of clinical parameters, such as ECG or blood pressure. The combination of TCI propofol and objective depth of anesthesia monitoring allows creating a pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic profile for each patient. Finally, anesthesia using volatile anesthetics poses health risks for healthcare professionals and contributes to greenhouse effect. The Con side argues that for procedures accompanied with ischemia and reperfusion injury of an organ or tissue and for patients suffering from a severe inflammation‚ the use of volatile anesthetics might well have its advantages above propofol. In times of sudden shortage of drugs, volatile anesthetics can overcome the restriction in the operating theater or even on the intensive care unit, which is another advantage. Volatile anesthetics can be used for induction of anesthesia when IV access is impossible, end-tidal measurements of volatile anesthetic concentration allows confirmation that patients receive anesthetics. Taking environmental considerations into account, both propofol and volatile anesthetics bear certain harm to the environment, be it as waste product or as greenhouse gases. The authors therefore suggest to carefully considering advantages and disadvantages for each patient in its according environment. A well-balanced choice based on the available literature is recommended. The authors recommend careful consideration of advantages and disadvantages of each technique when tailoring an anesthetic to meet patient needs. Where appropriate, anesthesia providers are encouraged to account for unique features of anesthetic drug behavior, patient-reported and observed postoperative outcomes, and economic and environmental considerations when choosing any of the 2 described techniques.
Perioperative Considerations for Patients Exposed to Psychostimulants
Authors: Emerick Trent D. , Martin Thomas J. , Ririe Douglas G.
Published: August 2023

Concerns regarding the perioperative management of acute psychostimulant intoxication have been recognized for decades, but novel and diverse substances in this class continue to be developed. Despite the similarities in mechanisms of action among psychostimulants, each subclass within this broad category has unique receptor specificity and different mechanisms that play a role in patient clinical presentation. These issues present challenges to anesthesia providers when caring for patients with either acute or chronic exposure to psychostimulants during the perioperative period. Challenges result from both physiological and psychological effects that influence the action of the primary anesthetic agent, adjuvant anesthetics, and analgesics used for perioperative management of pain. The epidemiology, pharmacology, and perioperative implications of psychostimulant use are presented for amphetamines and similar acting nonamphetamines, cocaine, and, finally, the mixed-action drugs known as entactogens that share stimulant and psychedelic properties. This information is then used as the foundation for safe and effective perioperative management of patients exposed to psychostimulants.
A “Wonderful Program of Economic Pedagogy” in France
Authors: Duval Julien
Published: August 2023

This article deals with a French TV program that was launched in the late 1980s and that is devoted to the economic dimensions of life. It became very popular and still exists today. This article proposes an analysis of this unprecedented success in France, through diversified and complementary perspectives. It aims to characterize the novelty of the program. The article relates the appearance of the program to various broader transformations of the relations between the economic and journalistic fields that occurred in France in the 1980s and 1990s. It focuses on the charismatic leader who created the program and hosted it for the first fifteen years of its existence: he was a former business school student, representing a completely new profile of a journalist at the time. The appearance of the program is then shown to be inextricably linked to the emergence of private TV channels in France at the end of the 1980s. It then proposes an analysis of the style and content of the program, trying to characterize the vision of economic life conveyed by the program.
Transverse Venous Stenting for the Treatment of Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension With a Pressure Gradient of 70 mm Hg: A Technical Note and Systematic Review
Authors: Ghanem Marc , El Naamani Kareem , Rawad Abbas , Tjoumakaris Stavropoula I. , Gooch M. Reid , Rosenwasser Robert H. , Jabbour Pascal M.
Published: August 2023

BACKGROUND AND IMPORTANCE:

Venous sinus stenosis is believed to play a role in the pathogenesis of idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH). Venous stenting has emerged as a promising treatment option for patients with IIH because of venous sinus stenosis refractory to medical management or unsuitable for shunt placement. In this technical note, we present a case of IIH with the highest recorded pressure gradient to date.

CLINICAL PRESENTATION:

This technical note presents the successful use of intracranial venous stenting in a patient with IIH because of severe venous sinus stenosis, leading to significant improvement in vision and reduction in intracranial pressure. A meticulous review of the literature revealed that our patient exhibited the highest recorded pressure gradient (70 cm of H2O). This remarkable finding underscores the potential effectiveness of venous stenting as a viable treatment approach. The procedure involved the placement of a Zilver stent (Cook Medical) and balloon angioplasty after stenting of the right transverse sinus stenosis, resulting in a substantial decrease in pressure gradient. Following the procedure, another venous manometry showed no more gradient with a uniform pressure in the whole venous system at 18 cm of H2O.

CONCLUSION:

To our knowledge, this case presents the highest pressure gradient reported in the literature and contributes to the growing evidence supporting venous stenting in patients with IIH and venous sinus stenosis.
Control of gastruloid patterning and morphogenesis by the Erk and Akt signaling pathways
Authors: Underhill Evan J. , Toettcher Jared E.
Published: August 2023

Many developmental processes rely on the localized activation of receptor tyrosine kinases and their canonical downstream effectors Erk and Akt, yet the specific roles played by each of these signals is still poorly understood. Gastruloids, 3D cell culture models of mammalian gastrulation and axial elongation, enable quantitative dissection of signaling patterns and cell responses in a simplified, experimentally accessible context. We find that mouse gastruloids contain posterior-to-anterior gradients of Erk and Akt phosphorylation induced by distinct receptor tyrosine kinases, with features of the Erk pattern and expression of its downstream target Snail exhibiting hallmarks of size-invariant scaling. Both Erk and Akt signaling contribute to cell proliferation, whereas Erk activation is also sufficient to induce Snail expression and precipitate profound tissue shape changes. We further uncover that Erk signaling is sufficient to convert the entire gastruloid to one of two mesodermal fates depending on position along the anteroposterior axis. In all, these data demonstrate functional roles for two core signaling gradients in mammalian development and suggest how these modules might be harnessed to engineer user-defined tissues with predictable shapes and cell fates.
Analysing the Sri Lankan civil war through the lens of conflict resolution theory
Authors: Sonia Dey
Published: August 2023

This paper offers a detailed perspective of third-party intervention as a major toolkit in conflict resolution. It assesses the efficacy of third-party intervention under certain working conditions, also at the same time points out circumstances that hinders attempted conflict resolutions. Third party intervention was used as a toolkit in the attempted peace process in Sri Lanka, to help resolve the decades-old Sri Lankan ethnic conflict between the government and the Tamil separatist faction, LTTE. India was the first to attempt mediation through its peacekeeping forces, which counteracted under unforeseen circumstances and quickly lost the peacekeeping approach and turned into muscle-mediation. Norway too played a prominent role in the process, but it adopted an unbiased and non-coercive peace facilitation approach. Despite which, Norway came under a barrage of criticism for biased mediation policies. This research points out what two different types of mediation can achieve from a single conflict and what are the conditions required for third party mediation to achieve success, under a complex situation like the Sri Lankan case. The Sri Lankan peace process explores how mediation by force can backfire but at the same time exposes the powerlessness of non-coercive third-party mediation. This study holds potential to drive future researchers closer to exploring means to minimize the impacts of such limitations on future reconciliations.
Organization of the Process of Preparing younger Schoolchildren for Training Sessions in the Extended Day Group
Authors: Zinchenko E. , Bulat Roman
Published: August 2023

The article reveals the potential of the extended day group in improving the quality of preparation of younger schoolchildren for training sessions. Based on the recommendations of the Ministry of Education of the Russian Federation, the group’s work schedule has been developed, which is adapted to the conditions for the implementation of educational programs for primary general education. Innovations include organizing the preparation of younger schoolchildren for training sessions, taking into account the physiological characteristics inherent in their age, and differences in the rhythm of work when doing homework. The results of the diagnostics carried out are confirmed by the analysis of student performance, as well as by the data of a survey of primary school teachers aimed at determining the dynamics of changes in the level of preparation of younger students for classes.
Informing ocean color inversion products by seeding with ancillary observations
Authors: Bisson Kelsey , Werdell Paul Jeremy , Chase Alison , Kramer Sasha , Cael B. B. , Boss Emmanuel , McKinna Lachlan , Behrenfeld Michael
Published: August 2023

Ocean reflectance inversion algorithms provide many products used in ecological and biogeochemical models. While a number of different inversion approaches exist, they all use only spectral remote-sensing reflectances (R_rs(λ)) as input to derive inherent optical properties (IOPs) in optically deep oceanic waters. However, information content in R_rs(λ) is limited, so spectral inversion algorithms may benefit from additional inputs. Here, we test the simplest possible case of seeding an inversion scheme (the Generalized Inherent Optical Property algorithm framework default configuration (GIOP-DC)) with both simulated and satellite datasets of an independently known or estimated IOP, the particulate backscattering coefficient at 532 nm (b_bp(532)). We find that the seeded-inversion absorption products are substantially different and more accurate than those generated by the standard implementation. On global scales, seasonal patterns in seeded-inversion absorption products vary by more than 50% compared to absorption from the GIOP-DC. This study proposes one framework in which to consider the next generation of ocean color inversion schemes by highlighting the possibility of adding information collected with an independent sensor.
Running towards injury? A prospective investigation of factors associated with running injuries
Authors: Dillon Sarah , Burke Aoife , Whyte Enda F. , O’Connor Siobhán , Gore Shane , Moran Kieran A.
Published: August 2023

Background

Given the high incidence and heavy burden of running related injuries, large-scale, prospective multifactorial investigations examining potential risk factors are warranted. This study aimed to identify factors associated with running related injuries and to evaluate their potential in injury screening.

Study design

Prospective cohort study.

Materials and methods

Two hundred and seventy-four recreational runners were recruited. Clinical measures (strength, range of motion, foot position), injury and training history (via questionnaire), impact loading (via accelerometery) and running technique measures were collected at baseline. Runners were tracked for injury for one year via fortnightly check-ins. A binary logistic regression, (injury versus no injury), was performed for each variable univariably, and then adjusting for age, sex and mileage. A multivariable regression was also performed to evaluate the model’s discriminative ability.

Results

Of the 225 runners included in the final analysis 52% experienced a running related injury. Injury history in the past year, less navicular drop, and measures of running technique (knee, hip, and pelvis kinematics) were associated with increased odds of injury (p < .05). The multivariable logistic regression model was statistically significant, χ2(11) = 56.45, p < .001, correctly classifying 74% of cases with a sensitivity and specificity of 72% and 76%, respectively. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.79 (CI95% = 0.73–0.85), demonstrating acceptable discriminative ability.

Conclusions

This study found a number of clinical and running technique factors to be associated with prospective running related injuries among recreational runners. With the exception of injury history, the factors identified as being significantly associated with injury may be modifiable and therefore, could form the basis of interventions. Range of motion, spatiotemporal parameters and strength measures were not associated with injury and thus their utilisation in injury prevention practices should be reconsidered.
Differential item functioning of material deprivation assessment in households with or without children
Authors: Ferrão Maria Eugénia , Vieira Marcel Toledo
Published: August 2023

Background

Composite multidimensional indices are broadly used to measure child poverty and social exclusion. Many of such indices are based on EU-SILC data or similar large scale complex sampling surveys, with the household as unit of analysis. Indicators related to households with or without children may quantify the intended attribute differently depending on the household structure and characteristics of individuals, potentially compromising the assessment.

Methods

We conducted statistical modelling and hypotheses tests using a two-parameter logistic item response model (IRM) and the likelihood-ratio test for DIF verification. Methods were applied to 2020 EU-SILC Portuguese data comprising 11,367 households representing a population of 4,099,052. Statistical analysis have allowed for the survey sampling design.

Conclusion

Our findings demonstrate differential item functioning in the assessment material deprivation in households with or without children.
Detection of fake papers in the era of artificial intelligence
Authors: Dadkhah Mehdi , Oermann Marilyn H. , Hegedüs Mihály , Raman Raghu , Dávid Lóránt Dénes
Published: August 2023

Objectives

Paper mills, companies that write scientific papers and gain acceptance for them, then sell authorships of these papers, present a key challenge in medicine and other healthcare fields. This challenge is becoming more acute with artificial intelligence (AI), where AI writes the manuscripts and then the paper mills sell the authorships of these papers. The aim of the current research is to provide a method for detecting fake papers.

Methods

The method reported in this article uses a machine learning approach to create decision trees to identify fake papers. The data were collected from Web of Science and multiple journals in various fields.

Results

The article presents a method to identify fake papers based on the results of decision trees. Use of this method in a case study indicated its effectiveness in identifying a fake paper.

Conclusions

This method to identify fake papers is applicable for authors, editors, and publishers across fields to investigate a single paper or to conduct an analysis of a group of manuscripts. Clinicians and others can use this method to evaluate articles they find in a search to ensure they are not fake articles and instead report actual research that was peer reviewed prior to publication in a journal.
Isoflurane Alters Presynaptic Endoplasmic Reticulum Calcium Dynamics in Wild-Type and Malignant Hyperthermia-Susceptible Rodent Hippocampal Neurons
Authors: Osman Vanessa , Speigel Iris , Patel Kishan , Hemmings Hugh C.
Published: August 2023

Volatile anesthetics reduce excitatory synaptic transmission by both presynaptic and postsynaptic mechanisms which include inhibition of depolarization-evoked increases in presynaptic Ca2+concentration and blockade of postsynaptic excitatory glutamate receptors. The presynaptic sites of action leading to reduced electrically evoked increases in presynaptic Ca2+concentration and Ca2+-dependent exocytosis are unknown. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of Ca2+release via ryanodine receptor 1 (RyR1) and uptake by SERCA are essential for regulation intracellular Ca2+and are potential targets for anesthetic action. Mutations in sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) release channels mediate volatile anesthetic-induced malignant hyperthermia (MH), a potentially fatal pharmacogenetic condition characterized by unregulated Ca2+release and muscle hypermetabolism. However, the impact of MH mutations on neuronal function are unknown. We used primary cultures of postnatal hippocampal neurons to analyze volatile anesthetic-induced changes in ER Ca2+dynamics using a genetically encoded ER-targeted fluorescent Ca2+sensor in both rat and mouse wild-type (WT) neurons and in mouse mutant neurons harboring theRYR1T4826I MH-susceptibility mutation. The volatile anesthetic isoflurane reduced both baseline and electrical stimulation-evoked increases in ER Ca2+concentration in neurons independent of its depression of presynaptic cytoplasmic Ca2+concentrations. Isoflurane and sevoflurane, but not propofol, depressed depolarization-evoked increases in ER Ca2+concentration significantly more in mouseRYR1T4826I mutant neurons than in wild-type neurons. TheRYR1T4826I mutant neurons also showed markedly greater isoflurane-induced reductions in presynaptic cytosolic Ca2+concentration and synaptic vesicle (SV) exocytosis. These findings implicate RyR1 as a molecular target for the effects of isoflurane on presynaptic Ca2+handling.
Comparison of mechanical properties according to the structural materials of lumber, GLT, CLT, and Ply-lam CLT
Authors: Yang Seungmin , Choi Gyuwoong , Kim Junho , Lee Hyunjae , Kang Seoggoo
Published: August 2023

The mechanical properties of materials such as lumber (L), glued laminated timber (GLT), cross-laminated timber (CLT), and Ply-lam CLT (P), which are laminated in cross layers, were compared. As a result, the modulus of elasticity (MOE) was 9.7 to 10.3 GPa, showing no significant difference between the materials. Modulus of rupture (MOR) of L and GLT showed higher strength than that of CLT and P. MOR of CLT and P was at the same level, and there was no difference in strength according to the plywood and lumber arranged alternately. Alternatively, there was a difference in the coefficient of variation of the materials, and CLT and P was 20.2% and 11.8%, respectively; therefore, uniform properties can be secured when using plywood. The compression strength showed the highest compression strength in the order of GLT, L, P, and CLT. P was failure by buckling+delamination, but other materials showed failure by only buckling. The adhesion of P passed the glulam standard (7.0 MPa), and the delamination ratio was very low at 0.41%. It can be used together with CLT. This study is expected to be used as basic data for establishing quality standards.
Building a personalised education system in conditions of a rural basic secondary school
Authors: Neklyudova Lyudmila , Mukhametova Olga
Published: August 2023

The article considers the prerequisites for the construction of personalized educational systems in rural primary schools. Modern conditions force the rural school to reconsider the main tasks of its activities, primarily related to the professional mobility of students, which is directly expressed in a conscious and responsible choice of their future profession. In this regard, the conditions and possibilities of the personalized education system (PSV) in the professional orientation of high school students of rural primary school are analyzed. The necessity of the use of PSV in the formation of professional self-determination of schoolchildren in the conditions of rural basic secondary school is identified and justified. The practical experience of cooperation between the school and the family is summarized, which allows, on the basis of an individually differentiated approach, to build the interaction of PSV participants in the plane of professional self-determination. The experience of pedagogical interaction of schools of the Klin city district of the Moscow region in the construction of PSV is presented. The approbation of methods and means of building a PSV, implemented in the conditions of a rural primary school, was carried out. The specifics of the conditions of the main rural school, favorable to the creation of an environment in which personalized educational systems will be designed and implemented, are summarized. Based on the data obtained, conclusions are drawn about the dependence of the probability of participation of high school students in building their own personalized educational system in a rural primary school on the level of educational potential of their family.
El camino recto de la evidencia científica
Authors: Alfano Federico
Published: August 2023

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Contexto de inestabilidad de laderas en la Ruta Nacional 613 en 2020, Coto Brus, Costa Rica
Authors: Sequeira-Arguedas Jose María
Published: August 2023

Se presenta la caracterización del contexto de inestabilidad de laderas y taludes a lo largo de la ruta nacional 613 ubicada en Coto Brus, Costa Rica, disparada por precipitaciones intensas durante el paso del huracán Eta entre el 1 y 6 de noviembre de 2020. Estableciendo el contexto geológico, geomorfológico e hidroclimático, además de observaciones de campo, inventario de deslizamientos y depurado de insumos geoespaciales, se brinda una propuesta de zonificación del corredor montañoso en tramos estables y propensos ante deslizamientos. A partir de la integración de insumos, estudio por subcuencas hidrológicas e interpretación geológica se determina moderada a alta disección y al menos un 24 % de la ruta es propensa ante procesos de remoción en masa, con influencia de controles geológico estructurales. Además, moduladores hidroclimáticos e hidrometeorológicos (larga y corta estancia, respectivamente) que favorecen con cada época lluviosa los eventos extremos de precipitación en el Pacífico sur, podrían disparar a futuro, inestabilidad de laderas en el corredor; sin excluir escenarios de sismos superficiales generados en alguna de las cinco fallas geológicas por las cuales atraviesa el corredor.
Sustainability of a hydraulic facility and flood risk of its downstream section: the case of the Foum El-Gherza dam (Ziban east, Algeria)
Authors: Zakarya Maou , Bougherara Ahmed , Habibi Yahyaoui
Published: August 2023

Due to advanced silting, the Foum El-Gherza dam has lost more than two thirds of its initial capacity (47 hm3) and is no longer able to withstand the floods that threaten its downstream section. Indeed, the damage recorded in recent years has confirmed the vulnerability of the man-made structures located on both banks of the Oued Labiod. Thus, we believe that the hydrological behaviour of the catchment area is no longer influenced by the dam. Therefore, the hydrological study involved a critical analysis (homogeneity tests) of the hydro-climatic data in order to highlight the characteristics of the historical events recorded during the period 1950–2019. The frequency study of the maximum daily rainfall and floods recorded at the dam allowed us to determine the rainfall and flow rates of the return periods (10, 25, 50, 100, 500 and 1000 years). The flooding of the 28 October 2011 were used as a standard for the calibration of the model calculated by the HEC-Ras software. After validation of the model, a prediction of the water levels and flood extent was made for the selected return periods. The results obtained show that a part of the town of Seryana (district located on the edge of the right bank) suffers from flooding proportionally to the return periods of the floods. In addition, some agricultural areas bordering the Oued are also affected by the floodings. The hazard modelling maps can be considered as a basis for a flood risk prevention plan (PPRI) and as a decision support tool.
The reach and the trends in the use of the map service for the local spatial development plan of Tomice municipality
Authors: Król Karol
Published: August 2023

Users are primarily interested in the comfort of use and the range of map service in terms of its functionalities. Publishers, in turn, monitor usage statistics in order to optimize the operation of their websites based on the analysis of these statistics. This also applies to municipal map apps. The present work’s objective is to analyse the reach and trends in the use of the Internet application presenting the local spatial development plan (eMPZP). The monitoring covered the map service of the Tomice municipality – in the Małopolska Region (Województwo Małopolskie), Wadowice district (Powiat Wadowicki), Poland – which is available on the municipality’s server at the Internet address https://www.tomice.pl/mpzp/. The data was collected in the period from January 1, 2013 to May 1, 2023. Selected website usage indicators were analysed. In a period of just over 10 years, the eMPZP application was displayed 31,713 times, of which 25,009 (78.86%) were unique views. The largest number of users was recorded in Poland, i.e. 13,044 (83.52%); followed by the United States, i.e. 565 (3.62%) and the United Kingdom, i.e. 434 (2.78%). Most users found the eMPZP application using search engines and direct links. In conclusion, it was demonstrated that map service usage statistics could be useful for municipal authorities, as they help to understand how the service is used, by whom it is used, and what the users’ preferences are. In addition, it was shown that eMPZP still fulfils a number of selected functions, despite the fact that in 2019 it was replaced by a geoportal (http://mpzp.tomice.pl). Accordingly, it is recommended that the so-called automatic redirection be set, sending the users to the current geoportal using specific HTML tags.
Herpesvirus de los ostreidos tipo 1 en la almeja mano de león Nodipecten subnodosus de Baja California Sur, México
Authors: Escobedo-Fregoso C. , Alvarado-Arellano A.Q. , Hernández-González J.A. , Mendoza Carrión G. , Vazquez-Juarez Ricardo
Published: August 2023

This study is the first report of the presence of Ostreid herpes virus 1 (OsHV-1) in the scallop Nodipecten subnodosus from Baja California Sur, Mexico; collected from 2010 to 2012.The retrospective study was conducted to evaluate whether OsHV-1 was implicated in the population decline of 2010. The virus was detected by PCR, and viral particles were quantified by qPCR. The OsHV-1 detection was conducted by PCR amplification of three different regions of the genome used to identify OsHV-1 variants. A phylogenetic analysis indicated the phylogenetic position of N. subnodusus OsHV-1 among OsHV-1 samples previously collected in different countries and bivalves. Phylogeny analyses indicated differences between OsHV-1 of N. subnodosus and OsHV-1 μVar. Similarity analyses showed differences between the OsHV-1 of Crassostrea gigas and the OsHV-1 of N. subnodosus from Mexico, however the sequence was identical to that of OsHV-1 from France 1993. This study contributes to better understand the genetic diversity of OsHV-1 and to identify potential host of the virus or species involved in the viral cycle.
GRAFTING METHOD FOR ESTIMATING GENOTYPIC DIVERSITY IN ACROPORA CERVICORNIS v1
Authors: Blanco-Pimentel Macarena
Published: August 2023

The grafting method has been proposed as a potential tool to differentiate corals that share the same genotype from those with different genotypes (Neigel & Avise, 1983; Jokiel et al. 2013). This is based on the principle of histocompatibility whereby corals of the same genotype will fuse their tissues upon contact, while those of different genotypes will produce rejection responses such as fission and overgrowth (Hildemann et al. 1977; Hughes & Jackson, 1980; Neigel & Avise, 1983). It is a simple method, based on the field, with low cost and wide scalability. This method does not replace advanced genotyping methods, but it can serve as an additional tool to include genetic information in restoration programs with economic or logistical constraints for genotypic analysis in the laboratory. The application of this method has great implications for reef restoration, as the genetic information obtained can help restoration decision-making that seeks to enhance genetic diversity, crucial for reef resilience. Estimating genotypic diversity allows, in turn, to monitor genotypes that stand out in important resilience traits such as resistance to bleaching, diseases or phenotypic plasticity. Here we present a protocol for the implementation of the method in underwater nurseries with the species Acropora cervicornis.
Cichlid genome modification - Malawi cichlids v1
Authors: Juntti Scott
Published: August 2023

Here we provide a microinjection protocol for the modification of cichlid fish via CRISPR or transgenesis. This is our forked version of the protocol provided by Scott Juntti (https://www.protocols.io/view/cichlid-genome-modification-cj5wuq7e), modified for our Lake Malawi cichlid species for both NHEJ knock-outs and HDR knock-ins These protocols accompany a review article on cichlid genome editing which contains more general considerations (link will be provided when available).
U54 SCENT Pediatric Colonoscopy Tissue Collection Procedure v2
Authors: Jordan* Mary
Published: August 2023

This document outlines the required criteria and acquisition for pediatric colonoscopy colon specimens collected at Duke University Hospital through the Biorepository and Precision Pathology Center (BRPC) in the Department of Pathology.
The Spatio-Functional Role of Navigable Urban Canals in the City: Cases From London and Amsterdam
Authors: Alsavada Merve Okkali , Karimi Kayvan
Published: August 2023

Cities incorporating navigable canals have played a crucial role in global trade and provided a platform for a range of activities for people from various locations. This research aims to comprehend the role of inner-city canals, formed as branches of shipping canals, in the spatial accessibility and functional structure of two contemporary urban systems: London and Amsterdam. Both cities are major post-industrial hubs in Europe and their spatial development and socioeconomic conditions have been greatly influenced by waterways. While the canal network in Amsterdam was planned alongside street layout planning in the early 17th century, serving commercial purposes, canals were integrated into London’s pre-existing urban form mainly for transportation in the 19th century. The current situation in these cities is impacted by this disparity in three ways: (a) the potential use of canals in the urban transportation system; (b) the spatial accessibility of street networks; and (c) the correlations between street accessibility and land use patterns in canal neighbourhoods. The research employs analytical methods of space syntax, geographic information systems, and statistical techniques to create and apply integrated urban models, incorporating spatial network measures, retail density, and functional diversity for street segments, to compare various urban conditions. The research reveals the crucial finding that the incorporation of canals into the street system leads to a substantial increase in the mean values of street network accessibility in Amsterdam. Additionally, the study highlights the vital contribution of diagonal streets linked with canal networks towards retail density in this city. In contrast, the accessibility measures and spatial patterns of urban functions in London are predominantly influenced by proximity to canals.
Prospective of an Inland Waterway System of Shipping Canals in Skikda (Algeria)
Authors: Ghennaï Amira , Madani Said , Hein Carola
Published: August 2023

Sustainable development projects require careful balancing of economic interests and ecological needs. The case of Skikda, a city in northeast Algeria, located on the Mediterranean coast, illustrates the challenges connected with such a development. The ancient city coexists with a young hydrocarbon port and industrial pole that serves as a transfer hub in the flow of petroleum between hinterland and sea. The installation of the port and petrochemical refining plants on the banks of the estuary of the Safsaf River presents many challenges to local citizens and the ecosystem, including pollution of the water system, groundwater, and river water, and damage to the area’s ancient heritage. This study argues that we need new and less polluting forms of intermodality between hinterland and seaport to make urban mobility more sustainable. It asks whether and how the existing rivers and wadis (river channels that are dry except during rainy periods) can be transformed into artificial canals for river navigation to improve the transport fluidity and sustainability of Skikda. To answer this question, the study adopts a prospective approach using the MICMAC scenario method. This approach entails, first, presenting and evaluating the potentialities of the existing rivers of Skikda using QGIS, and second, discussing and proposing scenarios for transforming these rivers into urban waterways, that is, artificial canals for inland navigation. The prospect of inland waterway transport in Skikda may be a radical scenario, yet, despite its hydraulic capacity and advantages, this system is not receiving attention in Algeria. We suggest that water transport can breathe sustainable blue life into a vulnerable industrial port city, transforming its challenges into opportunities.
Estresse	como fator de risco para cronicidade: abordagem quantitativa
Authors: Paiva Maria Augusta Brandt , Assunção Munyra Rocha Silva , Fava Silvana Maria Coelho Leite
Published: August 2023

Objetivo: investigar a influência do estresse enquanto fator de risco no adoecimento por doenças crônicas, mediante avaliação do nível de estresse percebido, e caracterizar a população portadora dessas condições. Método: estudo exploratório, transversal, com abordagem quantitativa, realizado a partir da Escala de Estresse Percebido (Perceived Stress Scale - 14), utilizando a técnica “bola de neve” de forma online. Resultados: participaram do estudo 147 pessoas predominantemente do sexo feminino (73,46%), com diagnóstico de bronquite, entre 18 e 29 anos (32,65%), casadas (42,8%), católicas (59,18%), graduadas (43,54%), empregadas (39,45%), com renda familiar superior a cinco salários mínimos (36,05%), três dependentes dessa renda (24,50%) e com média percepção de estresse (82,31%). O perfil que conferiu aumento do estresse foi: sexo feminino, 18 a 29 anos, solteiros, religião umbanda, diagnóstico de câncer, graduados, serviço de casa como ocupação, renda familiar inferior a um salário mínimo e cinco ou mais dependentes da renda. Conclusão: o estresse percebido em pessoas com condições crônicas de saúde é multifatorial e relaciona-se a variáveis socioeconômicas.
Modern problems of qualification of personal data in the context of the doctrine of intangible benefits
Authors: Ostrikova L. K.
Published: August 2023

The article deals with modern problems of qualification of personal data in civil circulation. In doctrinal sources, the prevailing point of view on this category is the view as an object of civil law, despite the fact that the concept of “personal data” was introduced by the federal law “On Personal Data”, which refers to public branches of legislation. Due to the absence of the category “personal data” in Article 128 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation, the problem lies in determining the place of personal data among the legally enshrined objects of civil rights; in establishing the legal regime of personal data. Taking into account the views known to the civil doctrine, the author substantiates the possibility of classifying the category of “personal data” and, accordingly, establishing a legal regime to the category of “intangible benefits”, subject to the requirements for the consent of the subject of personal data to the processing of his personal data; for an array of data (Big User Data) ...
El back charge en los contratos de construcción. Su configuración en la praxis transaccional internacional
Authors: Vásquez Rebaza Walter
Published: August 2023

El presente trabajo aborda, desde la perspectiva legal, un remedio jurídico que ha ganado una trascendencia práctica en los proyectos contemporáneos: el back charge. Pese a su importancia, el entendimiento del back charge como instrumento contractual y como remedio jurídico privado es todavía bastante limitado, por lo que existen importantes vacíos de conocimiento legal sobre la materia en el Perú y, en general, en el civil law.Ante esta realidad, este artículo plantea una configuración elemental del back charge, su noción, características y funcionamiento estándar, así como sus principales aspectos aplicativos y disfuncionales. Se analiza también si el Código Civil peruano reconoce algún remedio jurídico similar. A la par, se esboza pautas para la incorporación equilibrada de esta figura en los contratos de construcción contemporáneos.Con tales propósitos, la presente investigación también examina la aplicación del back charge en contratos privados de construcción modernos y con alcance internacional, donde este recurso legal se origina de forma voluntaria, es decir, proviene de la autonomía privada de las partes involucradas. Asimismo, en algunos casos, este enfoque también puede estar presente en modelos contractuales estándares internacionales como el FIDIC y NEC.
An Analysis Framework to Reveal Automobile Users' Tastes from Online User-Generated Content
Authors: Luo Hanyang , Song Wugang , Zhou Wanhua , Lin Xudong , Yu Sumin
Published: August 2023

With the view toward enlivening the Chinese automobile market, this work seeks to develop a framework to reveal the tastes of Chinese car users from online user-generated content (UGC) and identify future product improvement orientation. We construct an importance-satisfaction gap analysis (ISGA) model based on sentiment analysis technique. Specifically, a novel unsupervised word-boundary-identified algorithm for the Chinese language is used to extract domain professional feature words and a set of sentiment scoring rules is constructed. By matching feature-sentiment word pairs, we calculate car users' satisfaction with different attributes based on the rules, and weigh the importance of attributes using TF-IDF method, which lay the statistic foundation for our ISGA model. We also take time into account and further analyze the ISGA model, aiming to provide new insight into the changing tastes of Chinese car users so as to suggest correct design positioning and resource allocation. The final evaluation results show that the method proposed in this paper, which integrates Chinese word-boundary-identified algorithm and sentiment lexicon matching rules, is well supported.
LCAG ：A Lightweight Consensus Algorithm Based on Graph for the Internet of Things
Authors: Wu Fusheng , Gong Xiaofeng , Liu Jinhui , Li Yanbin , Ni Mingtao
Published: August 2023

Consensus algorithms are the core technology of blockchain and a focus in the current distributed system research. The consensus algorithms are widely used in distributed systems, it has solved the decentralization problem. The traditional consensus algorithm needs the process of node legitimacy checking, identity authentication, and primary node view change, so the time cost of reaching an agreement between nodes is still exponential. In response to the problem, a lightweight consensus algorithm based on graph (LCAG) is proposed for the Internet of Things (IoT) in this paper, which is proposes an access control table, and reaches an agreement among nodes by calculating the probability of nodes in the control table, and reduces the time overhead of the reaching an agreement in distributed systems. We have carried out simulation experiments for the new algorithm, and the experiments show that: the new algorithm needs less time overhead than the classical Byzantine algorithm need, as well as Byzantine Generals problem (BGP), practical Byzantine fault-tolerant algorithm (PBFT) and directed acyclic graph (DAG) algorithm, and so on. The new algorithm can be applied to the devices of IoT, which have limited computing power.
Excess Sludge Disintegration by Discharge Plasma Coupled with Thiosulfate
Authors: Jin Hekai , Lin Song , Liang Zhixin , Chen Yiqi , Hua Lei , Zhang Ying , Jia Hongtao , Zhang Guodong , Wang Tiecheng
Published: August 2023

Disposal and treatment of excess sludge is a huge problem in waste water treatment plants. Discharge plasma oxidation is an effective approach for sludge dewatering and digestion. In this study, the excess sludge disintegration by non-thermal discharge plasma coupled with thiosulfate (TSA) was investigated. The soluble chemical oxygen demand (SCOD) increased to 404.93 mg L-1 after 20 min of single discharge plasma treatment, and it further increased to 549.08 mg L-1 after adding 15 mmol L-1 of TSA; the water content of filter cake also further decreased in the presence of TSA. There existed an appropriate TSA dosage. In the discharge plasma coupled with TSA system, reactive oxygen species (·OH and ·O2-) were produced and played important roles in sludge disintegration. The addition of TSA promoted the production of ·OH. These reactive oxygen species destroyed the floc structures and promoted the transformation of organic substances, leading to reduction in average size of sludge flocs. The ratio of soluble extracellular polymer substances (S-EPS) was enhanced, while the ratio of tightly bound fraction was reduced after treatment. Thus, discharge plasma coupled with TSA promoted the lysis of microbial cells and released intracellular organic matter and bound water, finally improving sludge dewaterability.
Condición de discapacidad y consumo de bebidas azucaradas: análisis de una encuesta poblacional de Colombia
Authors:   , Hualpa Gutierrez Damaris
Published: August 2023

Introducción Según la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS), la obesidad se ha triplicado en el mundo, producto de la alta ingesta calórica. Las personas con discapacidad tienen una mayor probabilidad de tener sobrepeso y obesidad. El objetivo de este estudio es estimar la asociación entre la condición de discapacidad y el consumo de bebidas azucaradas en pobladores mayores de 18 años de Colombia, durante el 2017. Metodología Realizamos un análisis secundario de los datos de la “Encuesta Nacional de Calidad de Vida (ECV)” 2017 de Colombia. La variable dependiente fue el consumo de bebidas azucaradas y la variable independiente fue la condición de discapacidad. Adicionalmente, se incorporaron variables de confusión. Se realizó una regresión logística ordinal para estimar la magnitud de la asociación. En todos los resultados se consideró el diseño muestral complejo de la ECV 2017. Resultados Incluimos los datos de 18 957 personas mayores de 18 años. El 7,9% refirió que tenía alguna discapacidad y el 64,4% refirió que consumía bebidas azucaradas. Las personas con discapacidad moderada y severa tuvieron 18% y 41%, respectivamente, menos probabilidad de un mayor consumo bebidas azucaradas en comparación con las personas sin discapacidad (OR=0,82 IC 95%: 0,72–0,95 y OR=0,59 IC 95%: 0,39–0,90). Conclusiones En Colombia, durante el 2017, las personas con discapacidad tuvieron menos probabilidades de consumir bebidas azucaradas en comparación con las personas sin discapacidad, pero solo si eran mayores de 45 años.
Determinación de la resistencia antihelmíntica de nematodos gastrointestinales frente a ivermectina y albendazol en un hato de caprinos lecheros de crianza semi-extensiva en Huaral, Lima
Authors:   , De La Cruz Rivera Angela Emily
Published: August 2023

El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo determinar la presencia de resistencia antihelmíntica en nematodos gastrointestinales frente a ivermectina y albendazol en un hato de caprinos lecheros de crianza semi-extensiva, en la región de Lima. Se empleó la prueba de reducción de conteo de huevos fecales siguiendo los lineamientos establecidos por la Asociación Mundial para el Avance de Parasitología Veterinaria (Coles et al., 2006) en caprinos infectados naturalmente. Se formaron tres grupos experimentales: grupo albendazol (n = 11), tratado a dosis 5 mg/kg P.V. vía oral; grupo ivermectina (n = 11), tratado a dosis de 0.2 mg/kg P.V. vía subcutánea; y grupo no tratado (n = 5) que no recibió tratamiento. El conteo de huevos fecales se realizó mediante la técnica McMaster modificado el día de la aplicación del tratamiento (T 0), y transcurridos 12 días (T+12). Para determinar la eficacia se empleó la fórmula de Kochapakdee et al. (1995) mediante el programa RESO, y el interfaz eggCounts. Los resultados evidenciaron la falla terapéutica de albendazol, con una eficacia de 73% y 73.2% según RESO y eggCounts respectivamente; además de una probabilidad de que la eficacia sea mayor a 95% de 0%, lo que es indicativo de resistencia antihelmíntica. Ivermectina presentó una eficacia de 100% y 99.8% según RESO y eggCounts respectivamente, sumado a una probabilidad de que la eficacia sea mayor a 95% de 92.5%. Las larvas recuperadas del coprocultivo en el T (0) del grupo no tratado fueron identificadas como Haemonchus spp. (33%) y Trichostrongylus spp. (67%), mientras que en los grupos albendazol e ivermectina solo fue identificado el género Trichostrongylus. De los cultivos realizados en T (+12) no pudieron recuperarse larvas L3. Los resultados indican que probablemente Trichostrongylus spp., y Haemonchus spp., presentan resistencia antihelmíntica a albendazol y son susceptibles a ivermectina en los caprinos del estudio.