bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CHARACTERIZING THE BRAIN-HEART-VESSEL AXIS IN AIRCRAFT NOISE-INDUCED NEUROPSYCHIATRIC AND CARDIOVASCULAR COMPLICATIONS
Authors: Kuntić Ivana , Nardi Leonardo , Horta Guilherme , Kuntić Marin , Oelze Matthias , Valar Arijan , Zheng Jiayin , Mihalikova Dominika , Strohm Lea , Ubbens Henning , Schmeißer Michael , Daiber Andreas
Published: September 2024

The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that noise pollution leads to the loss of 1.6 million healthy life years annually in Western Europe alone, primarily due to night-time noise exposure which disrupts sleep and triggers stress responses. This study investigates the adverse health effects of aircraft noise on the brain-heart-vessel axis, combining cardiovascular and neuropsychiatric approaches. We aim to characterize the functional and biochemical consequences of both short-term and long-term noise exposure utilizing an established mouse model. Behavioural changes in exposed mice, including cognition, anxiety, depression, and social behaviour were assessed alongside cardiovascular parameters such as blood pressure, endothelial function tests, and analyses of oxidative stress and inflammation markers. Short-term noise exposure did not lead to any significant differences in the behaviour of the noise-exposed mice, whereas long-term noise-exposure leads to reduced social interaction and working memory as behavioural markers of depression. Functional cardiovascular parameters point to hypertension and impaired endothelial function in both short-term and long-term noise exposure, as well as oxidative stress and inflammation. These findings underscore previously reported cardiovascular impact of noise exposure while adding the suspected behavioural changes and metabolic markers of the affected brain-heart axis. The observed behavioural changes and cardiovascular impairments emphasize the complex interplay between environmental stressors and health, suggesting that long-term noise exposure can have profound effects on both mental and cardiovascular health. This study provides a comprehensive framework for future research aimed at reducing the adverse effects of noise pollution on the brain-heart-vessel axis.
REDOX METABOLIC CHANGES IN TUMOR AND ASSOCIATED ADIPOSE TISSUE OF COLON CANCER PATIENTS
Authors: Jevtic Jelena , Zakic Tamara , Korac Aleksandra , Milenkovic Sanja , Stevanovic Dejan , Jankovic Aleksandra , Korac Bato
Published: September 2024

Colorectal cancer presents a significant global health challenge, with a high mortality rate. It is the third most commonly diagnosed cancer and is therefore a major cause for concern. The development of colorectal cancer is multifaceted, involving a combination of genetic predispositions and lifestyle factors. The redox and metabolic states may influence the intricate process of colon cancer development. To gain a deeper understanding of the redox-metabolic profiles associated with colon cancer, a human study was conducted. In biopsies from patients with colon cancer, the antioxidant status: copper, zinc superoxide dismutase (CuZnSOD), manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), glutamate-cysteine ligase (GCL), thioredoxin (Trx) and lactate metabolism were examined in tumor and unaffected colon tissue (remote 15-20 cm) as well as in adipose tissue: proximal (near the tumour tissue), distal (remote 6 cm) and unaffected (remote over 6 cm). The protein levels of CuZnSOD, MnSOD, GSH-Px, and Trx are increased in the tumor tissue compared to the unaffected colon tissue. In addition, the expression of the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) A isoform, the total activity of LDH and the lactate concentration are higher in transformed tumor tissue than in normal colon tissue. On the other hand, lactate concentration increases and several AD components (CuZnSOD, MnSOD, CAT, GSH-Px, GCL and Trx) decrease in adipose tissue with tumor proximity. Shifts in redox and lactate metabolism in tumor tissue associated with spatial changes in lactate and antioxidant enzymes gradients in adjacent adipose tissue clearly indicate a local redox metabolic interaction between tumor and tumor-associated adipose tissue in shaping the malignant phenotype in human colorectal cancer.
EFFECT OF SUCCINATE DEHYDROGENASE DEFICIENCY ON MITOCHONDRIAL FUNCTION
Authors: Jose Saucedo-Rodriguez Maria , Pecina Petr , Čunátová Kristýna , Vrbacký Marek , Čajka Tomáš , Kuda Ondrej , Mráček Tomáš , Pecinová Alena
Published: September 2024

Succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) connects the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and the respiratory chain. Mutations in SDH subunits have been associated with tumorigenesis and mitochondrial disease. In this project, we focused on subunit A of SDH (SDHA), primarily associated with inherited mitochondrial disease, and investigated the consequences of its loss or re-expression of mutant variants in HEK cells (SDHA KO). Lack of SDHA led to a downregulation of all SDH subunits and a secondary downregulation of the majority of mitochondrial complex I and IV subunits. Cellular respiratory capacity was severely decreased in the model, SDH-dependent respiration completely abolished and complex I-dependent respiration attenuated, reflecting the downregulation of respiratory chain complexes in general. Finally, the NAD+/NADH ratio was increased in SDHA KO, indicating complex rearrangement of the TCA. It resulted in higher glycolytic activity and lipid accumulation.

Supported by Czech Science Foundation (21-18993S), Grant Agency of Charles University (283423) and Czech Health Research Council (NU22-01-00499).
COMBINED EFFECTS OF GLYPHOSATE-BASED PESTICIDES AND ELEVATED TEMPERATURE ON OXIDATIVE STRESS PARAMETERS AND ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE ACTIVITY OF BALKAN CRESTED NEWT (TRITURUS IVANBURESCHI) LARVAE
Authors: G Despotović Svetlana , R Gavrilović Branka , B Radovanović Tijana , D Prokić Marko , G Petrović Tamara , Ajduković Maja , Cvijanović Milena , Vučić Tijana , Milosavljević Zorana , P Gavrić Jelena
Published: September 2024

Amphibians are the most threatened vertebrate class. Exposure to pesticides and climate change are considered pivotal factors in the global decline of their populations. Glyphosate-based formulations are the most widely used herbicides, but increasing evidence of their harmful effects, including oxidative stress in exposed organisms, has sparked a heated debate. Current climate prediction models assume a global temperature rise of 3 °C to 5 °C in the coming decades. In poikilotherms, any changes in ambient temperature are directly translated into changes in physiological and biochemical processes. Furthermore, elevated temperatures could intensify the toxic effects of pesticides present in the environment. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of low, environmentally realistic concentrations of glyphosate-based herbicides (30 µg/L active ingredient) and elevated temperature (optimal t1=19°C and increased t2=23°C) on glutathione content (GSH), antioxidant enzyme activities (SOD, CAT, GSH-Px, GR and GST), activity of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and levels of oxidative damage (TBARS - lipid peroxidation and PC - protein carbonylation) in larvae of the Balkan crested newt (T. ivanbureschi). Our findings revealed that glyphosate had a significant effect on the activity of all antioxidative enzymes, with the exception of SOD. Herbicide and elevated temperature led to a significant increase in the activities of CAT, GSH-Px, GST, and GR, as well as GSH concentration. This response of the antioxidative defense system prevented oxidative damage to lipids and proteins. Glyphosate exhibited a neurotoxic effect by inhibiting AChE only at elevated temperatures, while no significant change occurred at the optimal temperature. The findings suggest the importance of examining the potentially harmful effects of glyphosate in different ecological contexts, such as an increase in average temperatures by several degrees predicted by future climate scenarios.
MITIGATION OF PM2.5-INDUCED CARDIOVASCULAR DAMAGE BY STATINS AND ACE INHIBITORS
Authors: Kuntic Marin , Junglas Tristan , Kuntic Ivana , Oelze Matthias , Strohm Lea , Ubbens Henning , Zheng Jiayin , Valar Arijan , Bayo Jimenez Maria Teresa , Hahad Omar , Münzel Thomas , Daiber Andreas
Published: September 2024

Particulate matter (PM) is well recognized as the major contributor to the air pollution disease burden. Presently, the data pointing to the direct effects of PM on the cardiovascular health are numerous, but the mitigation strategies are still at the level of reduction of exposure. In the present study, we used a mouse model of real-life PM2.5 exposure treated with either a statin (atorvastatin) or an ACE inhibitor (captopril) in order to observe the potentially protective effects of cardiovascular drug treatment on the underlying mechanisms of detrimental, PM2.5-induced, cardiovascular effects. Captopril treatment mitigated the PM2.5-induced blood pressure while both drugs reduced selected markers of oxidative stress in the vasculature and heart. Both drugs were successful in mitigating the vascular oxidative stress by reducing the activation of the NADPH oxidase enzyme. In addition, both drugs were able to reverse the PM2.5-induced increase in vascular endothelin-1. The treatment also reduced the level of 3-NT positive proteins in the lung and mitigated the effects on dysregulated eNOS expression. Drugs did not mitigate the inflammatory response in the lung and in circulation with only captopril reducing the pulmonary IL-6, but not CD68 expression. In summary, ACE inhibitors can potentially mitigate the effects of PM2.5 on the vascular function and oxidative stress by lowering blood pressure and statins have a known antioxidant effect, e.g. via inhibition of NADPH oxidase. Our present data provide novel insights into possible mitigation strategies for PM2.5-induced cardiovascular disease. Since statins and ACE inhibitors represent first-line therapies for cardiovascular disease, CVD patients, e.g. with coronary artery disease, ischemic heart disease, and hypertension representing highly vulnerable groups for air pollution health effects, may benefit from pre-established therapies with these drugs to prevent additive cardiovascular damage by PM2.5 exposure.
DIFFERENTIAL SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF SYNTHETIC NANO- AND MICRO-PARTICLES EXPLAINS THE EFFECTS ON CARDIOVASCULAR FUNCTION – IMPLICATIONS FOR AIR POLLUTION HEALTH EFFECTS
Authors: Kuntic Marin , Kuntic Ivana , Cleppien Dirk , Pozzer Andrea , Nußbaum David , Oelze Matthias , Junglas Tristan , Strohm Lea , Ubbens Henning , Daub Steffen , Bayo Jimenez Maria Teresa , Danckwardt Sven , Berkemeier Thomas , Hahad Omar , Kohl Matthias , Steven Sebastian , Stroh Albrecht , Lelieveld Jos , Münzel Thomas , Daiber Andreas
Published: September 2024

Particulate matter (PM) air pollution presents a major environmental and public health challenge because of its non-uniform size distribution and chemical composition. Air quality regulations generally categorize particulate matter (PM) size into PM10, PM2.5, and ultrafine particles (UFPs) with aerodynamic diameters smaller than 10, 2.5, and 0.1 µm, respectively. We examined the differential impact of particle size per se on selected organ systems using a custom whole-body mouse exposure system using synthetic PM (SPM). The micrometer-sized SPM accumulated in the lungs as the primary entry organ, while ultrafine SPM showed less accumulation, implying a transition into circulation. Micro SPM-exposed mice exhibited inflammation and NADPH oxidase-derived oxidative stress in the lungs. Ultrafine SPM-exposed mice did not show oxidative stress in the lungs but rather at the brain, heart, and vasculature levels. Endothelial dysfunction and blood pressure increase were more pronounced in ultrafine SPM exposed mice, supported by increased endothelin-1 and decreased endothelial nitric oxide synthase expression, enhancing constriction and reducing vasodilation. To derive a preliminary estimate of the cardiovascular disease burden of UFPs in humans, we used new high-resolution exposure data at a global scale, and applied hazard ratios from an epidemiological cohort study. We derived a UFP-associated incidence of 419 (95% CI 78–712) thousand cardiovascular disease cases per year in the European Union and 5.6 (95% CI 1.1–9.3) million globally. This work provides novel insights into the different toxicological profiles of inhaled ultrafine particles and public health consequences of exposure, guiding future studies.
New record of Notocrypta feisthamelii alysos (Moore, 1866) (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae)- spotted demon from Jammu and Kashmir, India
Authors: Singh Kewal , Sheikh Taslima
Published: September 2024

This study reports the first record of Notocrypta feisthamelii alysos (Moore, [1866]) Spotted Demon, from the Lohai Malhar Tehsil of District Kathua in Jammu and Kashmir, India. The butterfly and day-flying moth survey, conducted from March to June 2024, revealed the presence of this species, marking a significant addition to the butterflies fauna of Jammu and Kashmir, India. This paper details the observations, habitat, and potential ecological implications of this newly reported butterfly.
Diversity and Structure of Climbing Plants in an Urban Forest Fragment
Authors: Costa e Penha Júnior José Henrique , Barbosa de Castro Lopes Rosana , Benitez Romero Flora Magdaline , Vásquez Colomo Guido Hernán , Martin Fearnside Philip
Published: September 2024

Climbers are herbaceous or woody plants that germinate in the soil and remain rooted throughout their lives, needing other plants to support their development. The aim of this study was to analyze the edge effect on the climbing plant community in the forest fragment of the Federal University of Amazonas. Fifty plots were set up for sampling. The species were grouped and phytosociological parameters were calculated. A total of 613 individuals were recorded, represented by 13 families found inside and on the edges of the UFAM forest fragment. The family with the highest ecological importance value (IV) was Fabaceae. The genera Bauhinia and Derris had the highest ecological importance values, both at the edge and in the interior of the forest. The scandent climbing mode was the most important and was observed in 56 species. This study confirmed the diversity of climbing plants. Although there were more climbing plants at the edge of the forest than in the interior due to the greater luminosity, the scandent climbing habit was abundant in both environments. Climbing plants are a part of the native vegetation of the forest fragment with their richness and diversity. Among other roles, climbing plants contribute ecologically by providing food and shelter for living organisms.
Optimalisasi Pemasaran Produk Makananan Melalui Strategi Branding Kasus UMKM Jaddah Bakar Di Blitar
Authors: Karomah Reyvina Nofaro , Hidayat Endik , Izzuddin Baihaqi Aufa
Published: September 2024

Negara Indonesia adalah negara yang memiliki beragam macam kekayaan, tidak hanya dari alam tetapi juga dari olahan makanan dan kerajinannya. Produk-produk khas Indonesia terutama pada produk makanan dan minuman dikelola dengan baik oleh industri-industri di Indonesia. Tidak hanya industri Indonesia, para UMKM juga turut andil dalam memproduksi olahan makanan dan minuman khas dengan inovasi dan kreasi yang dimiliki. UMKM sendiri dibangun oleh satu atau lebih dari satu orang atau badan usaha yang memproduksi suatu produk agar memenuhi kebutuhan masyarakat di sekitarnya. Para UMKM tersebut tentu memiliki berbagai kendala dalam proses pengembangan dan penjualan produknya. Salah satu UMKM tempat pengabdian mahasiswa KKNT-MBKM ini yakni di Kota Blitar memiliki kendala dalam faktor pengembangan dan pemasaran produk. Oleh karena itu, tujuan dari kegiatan pengabdian ini yaitu merencanakan strategi-strategi pemasaran terhadap UMKM tersebut untuk melancarkan kegiatan berusahanya. Metode yang digunakan bersifat kualitatif dengan jenis pengumpulan datanya melalui observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi kegiatan pada pelaku UMKM. Hasil dari kegiatan pengabdian ini produk UMKM mengalami perkembangan dan aspek pemasarannya berjalan dengan baik
Evaluasi Kinerja Sekretariat Daerah Kota Medan
Authors: Sitohang Oloan , Pakpahan Raimondus , Sitindaon Charles , Reinaldo  , Sitohang Andar , L Hutagalung Pieter , Sinurat Windo
Published: September 2024

Untuk mencapai Akuntabilitas Instansi Pemerintah yang baik, Sekretariat Daerah selaku unsur pembantu pimpinan, dituntut selalu melakukan pembenahan kinerja. Pembenahan kinerja diharapkan mampu meningkatkan peran serta fungsi Sekretariat Daerah Kota Medan sebagai sub sistem dari sistem pemerintahan daerah yang berupaya memenuhi aspirasi masyarakat. Terwujudnya suatu tata pemerintahan yang baik dan akuntabel merupakan harapan semua pihak. Berkenaan dengan harapan tersebut diperlukan pengembangan dan penerapan sistem pertanggungjawaban yang tepat, jelas, terukur, legitimate sehingga penyelenggaraan pemerintah dan pembangunan dapat berlangsung secara berdaya guna, berhasil guna, bersih dan bertanggungjawab serta bebas dari korupsi, kolusi dan nepotisme (KKN).Kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini disusun dalam beberapa tahapan, mulai dari tahap persiapan menyangkut: persiapan administrasi, penetapan personil, penentuan jadwal, perancangan formulir data, coching clinic, hingga evaluasi kinerja bagian-bagian dan Sekretariat Daerah Kota Medan. Tahap Coaching Clinic adalah memberikan pengarahan kepada personil yang diberi tugas oleh Sekretariat Bagian yang dikomandoi oleh Kepala Bagian Perencanaan dan Keuangan tentang, metode pengambilan data, pengisian formulir, jenis data sesuai kebutuhan dan peraturan-peraturan yang berlaku dalam mengukur kinerja Sekretariat Daerah. Selanjutnya Tahapan Analisis Data terhadap Perjanjian Kinerja Tahun 2022. Kemudian hasil kinerja dibandingkan dengan kinerja Tahun Sebelumnya, dibandingkan dengan Renstra, dan dibandingkan dengan Nasional. Kemudian diberikan kesimpulan atas perbandingan tersebut dan Rekomendasi.Secara garis besar dari hasil analisis LKjIP Sekretariat Daerah Kota Medan tahun 2022 dapat disimpulkan bahwa 4 (empat) indikator sasaran Sekretariat Daerah Kota Medan, yaitu: Nilai LPPD, Persentase Koordinasi Penyusunan Dan Pelaksanaan Kebijakan Perangkat Daerah, Persentase Pemantauan Dan Evaluasi Pelaksanaan Kebijakan Daerah Yang Terlaksana, dan Nilai SAKIP dengan capaian kinerja sebagai berikut: Nilai LPPD dengan tingkat capaian Tinggi (100%); Persentase Koordinasi Penyusunan Dan Pelaksanaan Kebijakan Perangkat Daerah dengan tingkat capaian 102,53%; Persentase Pemantauan Dan Evaluasi Pelaksanaan Kebijakan Daerah Yang Terlaksana dengan tingkat capaian 92.31%; dan Nilai SAKIP dengan tingkat capaian CC (100%); dan dengan demikian Capaian Kinerja Sekretariat Daerah Kota Medan adalah “Sangat Berhasil”.
Pelatihan Penulisan Karya Tulis Ilmiah Untuk Menghindari Plagiarisme Untuk Mahasiswa Semester Akhir
Authors: Fitriani Ayu , Utari Cut Try , Panjaitan Joel , Syahputra Syofyan Anwar , Pakpahan Arnold , Sirait Regina
Published: September 2024

Plagiarism or often called plagiarism is plagiarism or taking other people's essays, opinions, etc. and making them look like they are your own writings and opinions. Plagiarism can be considered a criminal offense because it steals someone else's copyright. In the world of education, perpetrators of plagiarism can receive severe punishment such as expulsion from school/university. Perpetrators of plagiarism called a plagiarist. Science is developed based on previously existing knowledge. So that no one needs to hesitate when compiling a scientific work/written work, they must mention the reference source. This must be understood as intellectual honesty that will not reduce the weight of our written work. Mention honestly the reference sources we use, or make quotations, so that it will be clear which parts of our work are other people's ideas or ideas, and which are our own, this is one thing to avoid plagiarism.
Peran Filter Air Sebagai Solusi Kualitatif Terhadap Krisis Air Bersih di Desa Aek Nauli Kecamatan Pangururan Kabupaten Samosir
Authors: Gultom Josua Alexander , Panjaitan Joel , Silitonga Manaor , Silitonga Binsar , Hutagalung Pieter Leuvanggi , Sinurat Windo
Published: September 2024

Pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini bertujuan untuk mengatasi krisis air bersih di Desa Aek Nauli Kecamatan Pangururan Kabupaten Samosir, dengan mengembangkan solusi berbasis teknologi filter air. Melalui pendekatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat, prototipe filter air disusun menggunakan teknologi penyaringan lokal, yang dirancang untuk memenuhi kebutuhan unik masyarakat dan konteks air di desa tersebut. Pelatihan intensif dan modul edukasi berkelanjutan diterapkan untuk memastikan partisipasi aktif dan pemahaman masyarakat terkait manfaat dan penggunaan filter air. Implementasi prototipe di rumah-rumah tangga menunjukkan peningkatan signifikan dalam akses air bersih dan dampak positif pada kesehatan masyarakat. Sistem pemantauan dan evaluasi yang berkelanjutan digunakan untuk memastikan keberlanjutan solusi filter air dan meningkatkan pemahaman tentang kualitas air dan pengelolaan sumber daya. Hasil pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini memberikan landasan bagi pengembangan model serupa di wilayah-wilayah pedesaan lain yang menghadapi tantangan serupa. Dengan pengabdian  ilmiah diharapkan dapat menginspirasi dan membantu mengatasi krisis air bersih di berbagai masyarakat khususnya daerah Aek Nauli.
Study on Knowledge and Compliance of Hand Decontamination Practices among Health Care Workers in a Military Hospital
Authors: Ahsan S
Published: September 2024

This cross-sectional study was carried out in BNS Patenga- a Naval Hospital, Chittagong from February to June 2017 to knowthe knowledge and compliance of hand decontamination practice among health care workers with a sample size of 150following purposive sampling technique using a pre-tested semi structured questionnaire by face-face interview method. Thestudy revealed that majority of the respondents 114(76%) were males. This study also found that most of the respondents hadeducation up to SSC level 59(39.3%), followed by Diploma/Graduate / Masters 39(25.5%) and HSC 32(22%). Mean age ofrespondents were 32.40 years with a SD of ±7.366. This study revealed that 40(27%) respondents were from age group 31-35years, 33(21.9%) were both from age group ≤ 25 years and 36-40 years, 27(18%) respondents were from 26-30 years age groupand 17(11.2%) were of > 40 years of age. Compliance of hand decontamination practice was significantly associated with sex,designation, education and work place (p<0.05). There was statistical significant association between lack of knowledge, timeconstraints, lack of facilities, irritation or dryness of hands, facilities are inconveniently located, beliefs that use of glovesobviates the use of hand hygiene) and compliance to hand washing (p<0.002); also there were significant association betweencompliance of hand decontamination and availability of soap, availability of alcohol mixed substance, and distance ofavailable facilities (p<0.001). To conclude, this study has clearly shown the requirement of an in-depth appraisal of educationalinterventions to recognize the hand hygiene opportunities and improved availability of hand hygiene facilities.
A Case Report of Abdominal Mass: Diffuse Large B Cell Lymphoma
Authors: Akter H
Published: September 2024

Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common subtype of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), constituting up to40% of all cases globall. This subtype of cancer is heterogeneous and aggressive, yet scientific advances in the last quartercentury have rendered it curable with chemotherapy or with combined chemotherapy and immunotherapy. The objective ofthis article is to aware professionals about the disease towards early diagnosis in preventing consequence. The present studyreported the case of a 60 years old man who was diagnosed with an advanced Diffuse Large B cell lymphoma.
Reproductive Health Problems among the Adolescent Girls of Khulna Government Girls High School
Authors: Ferdaus F
Published: September 2024

The period of adolescence for a girl is a period of physical and psychological preparation for safe motherhood. Several factorscontribute to the adolescents' growth. A vast majority of adolescent girls in Bangladesh are suffering from menstrual problems,reproductive morbidities and nutritional deficiencies such as dysmenorrhoea, pre-menstrual syndrome, irregular menses,heavy menstrual bleeding, amenorrhoea, white discharge per vagina, UTI, anaemia etc. The present study was carried out toassess menstrual problems, reproductive health problems and nutritional status of adolescent girls of Khulna GovernmentGirls High School. Among respondents, 32 (32%) had painful bleeding (Dysmenorrhoea), 12 (12%) had excessive bleeding(Menorrhogea), 6 (6%) complained of irregular bleeding and 8 (8%) suffered from scanty bleeding (Oligomenorrhoea).Regarding other reproductive health related problems, majority 66 (66%) respondents mentioned no problem and rest 34(34%) mentioned about some problems. The study may conclude that majority of the adolescent girls suffer from reproductivehealth related problems which demand raising their awareness, education and appropriate health care facilities as well asmental support to improve their reproductive health.
Environmental Sanitation: The Public Health Challenge
Authors: Tarafdar MA
Published: September 2024

The term 'environment' is widely used and has a broad rangeof definitions, meanings and interpretations. What does theterm 'environment' mean? In popular usage, for somepeople, the term 'environment' means, simply, 'nature': inother words, the natural landscape together with all of itsnon-human features, characteristics and processes.However, for other people, the term 'environment' includeshuman elements to some extent - the surroundings orconditions in which a person, animal, or plant lives oroperates, the natural world, as a whole or in a particulargeographical area, especially as affected by human activity.

An ecosystem (also called as environment) is a natural unitconsisting of all plants, animals and micro-organisms(biotic factors) in an area functioning together with all ofthe non-living physical (abiotic) factors of theenvironment. The natural environment encompasses allliving and non-living things occurring naturally, meaningin this case not artificial. The term is most often applied tothe Earth or some parts of Earth. This environmentencompasses the interaction of all living species, climate,weather and natural resources that affect human survival2and economic activity. Therefore, it is not particularlyhelpful to conceptualize the ‘environment’ withoutincluding in that conceptualization some notion ofrelationship. Individual, objects, elements and systemsinfluence and are in turn influenced by their surroundings.
Female Genital Tuberculosis
Authors: Ahmed S
Published: September 2024

he incidence of genital tuberculosis varies widely with the social status of the patient and her environment. The incidence isabout 1% amongst gynaecological patients attending the outpatient department in the developing country. Genital TB may beasymptomatic and the majority of women are diagnosed during investigations of infertility. Genital system TB represents 15-20% of extrapulmonary TB and is usually asymptomatic affecting mainly young women in the reproductive age group. Herewe presented a case of genital TB which was diagnosed during laparotomy. After confirmation of diagnosis by histopathology,the case was successfully managed by antitubercular therapy for 9 months.
Good Personal Hygiene: Need to Fight against the Spread of Infectious Diseases
Authors: Tarafder M A
Published: September 2024

According to World Health Organization (WHO) “Health is the state of complete physical, mental, spiritual and social well-being and not merely absence of disease or infirmity”. Health is a perception of positive state of well being, where there is harmony between body and mind. It has been well said that only that person can be called really healthy who has a sound mind in a sound body. Health is the state of life that allows people to live and work.

Hygiene is defined as conditions or practices conducive tomaintaining health and preventing disease. Hygiene hasbeen shown to reduce communicable diseases and improvesocial outcomes in the community. There are barriers inimproving hygiene especially in countries with low socio-economic conditions. Now days, developing countries likeBangladesh continually struggling to cope with scarceresources and poor hygienic practices in the community.The common type of hygiene includes personal hygiene,food hygiene, water hygiene and hygiene during wastedisposal. There are several challenges in achieving highlevel of hygiene which include poverty, lack of politicalcommitment, lack of community participation, genderinequality, inadequate data, lack of inadequatecoordination between stakeholders, and behavioral issues.To reduce these challenges, measures to be taken arecommunity empowerment and involvement, equitableaccess to hygiene needs, strong political commitment,promoting gender equality, and enhancing young adolescents in different levels.
Luminescence properties of Bi3+ doped leadless double perovskite Cs2Ag0.6Na0.4InCl6
Authors: Wang Jia-Xu , Li Zhong-Hui , Zhao Yan , Jiang Xiao-Kang , Zhou Heng-Wei ,   Xinjiang Condensed Phase Transition and Microstructure Laboratory, School of Physical Science and Technology, Yili Normal University, Yining 835000, China
Published: September 2024

We need to develop a low energy consumption, green and environmentally friendly process for preparing double perovskite fluorescent powders, and incorporate other metal ions into the matrix to obtain a new type of luminescent material with high quantum efficiency. In this study a microwave solid-state method is used to prepare Bi3+ doped lead-free double perovskite Cs2Ag0.6Na0.4InCl6 fluorescent powders. This method does not require ligand assistance and is environmentally friendly. The crystal structure and morphology are characterized by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy, and the luminescence performance is studied by excitation spectroscopy, emission spectroscopy, time-resolved spectroscopy, and quantum efficiency. The results are shown below 1) The Cs2Ag0.6Na0.4InCl6 is a cubic crystal belonging to the \begin{document}$ Fm\bar 3 m $\end{document} space group, and its grain morphology is irregular. 2) When the optimal doping concentration of Bi3+ is 0.0013 mmol, the emission center wavelength of Cs2Ag0.6Na0.4InCl6 material is 562 nm, the average fluorescence lifetime reaches 2.60 μs, and the quantum efficiency attains 45.28%. 3) When the concentration of Bi3+ ions exceeds 0.0013 mmol, a significant concentration quenching effect occurs, which is mainly due to the electric quadrupole electric quadrupole (q-q) interaction between Bi3+ ions. 4) The chromaticity coordinates of the Cs2Ag0.6Na0.4InCl6 doped Bi3+phosphor are located in the yellow-light region, making it a potential yellow phosphor for warm white light emitting diode (LED) applications.
Electrostatics of Salt-Dependent Reentrant Phase Behaviors Highlights Diverse Roles of ATP in Biomolecular Condensates
Authors: Lin Yi-Hsuan , Kim Tae Hun , Das Suman , Pal Tanmoy , Wessén Jonas , Rangadurai Atul Kaushik , Kay Lewis E , Forman-Kay Julie D , Chan Hue Sun
Published: September 2024

Liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) involving intrinsically disordered protein regions (IDRs) is a major physical mechanism for biological membraneless compartmentalization. The multifaceted electrostatic effects in these biomolecular condensates are exemplified here by experimental and theoretical investigations of the different salt- and ATP-dependent LLPSs of an IDR of messenger RNA-regulating protein Caprinl and its phosphorylated variant pY-Caprinl, exhibiting, e.g., reentrant behaviors in some instances but not others. Experimental data are rationalized by physical modeling using analytical theory, molecular dynamics, and polymer field-theoretic simulations, indicating that interchain ion bridges enhance LLPS of polyelectrolytes such as Caprinl and the high valency of ATP-magnesium is a significant factor for its colocalization with the condensed phases, as similar trends are observed for other IDRs. The electrostatic nature of these features complements ATP’s involvement in π-related interactions and as an amphiphilic hydrotrope, underscoring a general role of biomolecular condensates in modulating ion concentrations and its functional ramifications.
The transcription factor Sfp1 imprints specific classes of mRNAs and links their synthesis to cytoplasmic decay
Authors: Kelbert M , Jordán-Pla A , de-Miguel-Jiménez L , García-Martínez J , Selitrennik M , Guterman A , Henig N , Granneman S , Pérez-Ortín JE , Chávez S , Choder M
Published: September 2024

To function effectively as an integrated system, the transcriptional and post-transcriptional machineries must communicate through mechanisms that are still poorly understood. Here we focus on Sfp1, known to regulate transcription of proliferation-related genes. We show that Sfp1 can regulate transcription either by binding to promoters, like most known transcription activators, or by binding to the transcribed regions (gene bodies), probably via RNA polymerase II (Pol II). We further studied the first mode of Sfp1 activity and found that, following promoter binding, Sfp1 binds to gene bodies and affects Pol II configuration, manifested by dissociation or conformational change of its Rpb4 subunit and increased backtracking. Surprisingly, Sfp1 binds to a subset of mRNAs co-transcriptionally and stabilizes them. The interaction between Sfp1 and its client mRNAs is controlled by their respective promoters and coincides with Sfp1’s dissociation from chromatin. . Intriguingly, Sfp1 dissociation from the chromatin correlates with the extent of the backtracked Pol II. We propose that, following promoter recruitment, Sfp1 accompanies Pol II and regulates backtracking. The backtracked Pol II is more compatible with Sfp1’s relocation to the nascent transcripts, whereupon Sfp1 accompanies these mRNAs to the cytoplasm and regulates their stability. Thus, Sfp1’s co-transcriptional binding imprints the mRNA fate, serving as a paradigm for the cross-talk between the synthesis and decay of specific mRNAs. The interplay between Sfp1’s two modes of transcription regulation remains to be examined.
Effect of sodium formate and lactic acid bacteria treated rye silage on methane yield and energy balance in Hanwoo steers
Authors: Choi Yongjun , Kim Jayeon , Bang Geumhwi , Kim Nayeon , Thirugnanasambantham Krishnaraj , Lee Sangrak , Kim Kyoung Hoon , Bharanidharan Rajaraman
Published: September 2024

This study was performed to evaluate the effects of rye silage treated with sodium formate (Na-Fa) and lactic acid bacteria (LAB) inoculants on the ruminal fermentation characteristics, methane yield and energy balance in Hanwoo steers. Forage rye was harvested in May 2019 and ensiled without additives (control) or with either a LAB inoculant or Na-Fa. The LAB (Lactobacillus plantarum) were inoculated at 1.5 × 1010 CFU/g fresh matter, and the inoculant was sprayed onto the forage rye during wrapping at a rate of 4 L/ton of fresh rye forage. Sixteen percent of the Na-Fa solution was sprayed at a rate of approximately 6.6 L/ton. Hanwoo steers (body weight 275 ± 8.4 kg (n = 3, group 1); average body weight 360 ± 32.1 kg (n = 3, group 2)) were allocated into two pens equipped with individual feeding gates and used in duplicated 3 × 3 Latin square design. The experimental diet was fed twice daily (09:00 and 18:00) during the experimental period. Each period comprised 10 days for adaptation to the pen and 9 days for measurements in a direct respiratory chamber. The body weights of the steers were measured at the beginning and at the end of the experiment. Feces and urine were collected for 5 days after 1 day of adaptation to the chamber, methane production was measured for 2 days, and ruminal fluid was collected on the final day. In the LAB group, the ratio of acetic acid in the rumen fluid was significantly lower (p = 0.044) and the ratio of propionic acid in the rumen fluid was significantly higher (p = 0.017). Methane production per DDMI of the Na-FA treatment group was lower than that of the other groups (p = 0.052), and methane production per DNDFI of the LAB treatment group was higher than that of the other groups (p = 0.056). The use of an acid-based additive in silage production has a positive effect on net energy and has the potential to reduce enteric methane emissions in ruminants.
Analysis of NCDEX Spices Spot and Futures Trading
Authors: Joshi Arpit , K. L. Manish , Ganapathy M. S. , Channaviragouda
Published: September 2024

This research paper evaluates the efficacy of spot and futures trading in spices on NCDEX by analysing the relationship between spot prices and futures trading. The study uses daily spot and near-month futures price data from financial year 2015-16 to financial year 2021-22, encompassing 1,777 observations. The ADF test confirmed that both spot and futures prices are stationary at the first difference, while Johansen's cointegration test revealed a significant long-term relationship between these prices for Jeera, Turmeric, and Coriander, with trace values of 67.24, 39.42, and 36.21, respectively. Granger causality tests showed a unidirectional relationship in Jeera and a bidirectional relationship in Turmeric and Coriander, indicating the futures market's dominant role in price discovery for Jeera and its shared importance with the spot market for Turmeric and Coriander. These findings suggest that the futures market on NCDEX plays a vital role in price discovery and risk management, making it an essential tool for stakeholders in the Indian agricultural commodity market.
α-Glucosidase Inhibitory Activity of Compounds from the Essential Oil of Leucas lavandulifolia Sm.: Insights from GC-MS Analysis and Molecular Docking Studies
Authors: Thanait Puja , Dhital Sujan , Parajuli Nirmal , Poudel Manila , Shrestha Timila , Bharati Samjhana , Maharjan Binita , Marasini Bishnu Prasad , Subin Jhashanath Adhikari , Shrestha Ram Lal Swagat
Published: September 2024

Diabetes, a chronic metabolic disorder, characterized by elevated blood sugar levels is a burning issue of the 21st century. This problem can be managed by inhibiting the normal functioning of the α-glucosidase enzyme. This study aims to identify the molecules present in the oil of Leucas lavandulifolia Sm. using GC-MS analysis and to identify potential α-glucosidase inhibitors through computational approaches. The results of GC-MS demonstrated the presence of 28 different phytocompounds. From molecular docking calculations, copaborneol and 3-alpha-hydroxy-manool exhibited binding affinities of -9.2 kcal/mol and -8.7 kcal/mol, respectively, surpassing that of the native ligand (alpha-maltose, -8.6 kcal/mol) and reference drugs (voglibose and miglitol), while methyl 8-pimaren-18-oate showed a binding affinity of -8.4 kcal/mol, comparable to that of the native ligand. The drug-likeness and toxicity prediction from server-based calculations suggested the drug-like properties of hit candidates as their properties were comparable with that of the reference drugs. Thus, after further in silico computation, in vivo, and in vitro experiments, the hit molecules could potentially be used as prospective α-glucosidase inhibitors for diabetes management.
A New Distributional Record and Taxonomic Descriptions of Mierspenaeopsis hardwickii (Miers, 1878) from the Arabian Sea on the Gujarat Coast, India
Authors: R. V. Borichangar , J. N. Parmar , S. K. Bharda , D. P. Kotadiya
Published: September 2024

This study documents the first occurrence of Mierspenaeopsis hardwickii in the Dholai fishing harbour, Gujarat. The primary objective of this study was to identify and describe the Mierspenaeopsis hardwickii in the region. FAO standard keys were used in the identification and morphological analysis of the specimen. Despite extensive research along the Gujarat coast, studies on crustacean diversity are limited, and no previous reports mention Mierspenaeopsis hardwickii in South Gujarat region. This finding expands the known geographic distribution of the species and underscores the importance of further studies on its ecological and commercial impact along the Gujarat coast.
Role of Bio-control Agents in Mulberry Pest Management: Effective Strategies and Key Challenges
Authors: G. H. Shruthi , V. C. Karthik , Bharathi B. Karthick Mani , Dodmani Basavaraj A , Samreen  , K Ramya Harika , R Kishan Kumar
Published: September 2024

There are various benefits of using bio-control agents in mulberry cultivation. By focusing on particular pests without endangering beneficial organisms or harming soil and water resources, bio-control agents contribute to the preservation of ecological balance in the environment. This method minimizes the environmental impact of pest control while still adhering to sustainable agriculture standards. Since bio-control agents are typically non-toxic to people and other non-target organisms like pollinators and wildlife, they also provide safety benefits. Compared to chemical pesticides, which can be harmful to human health and wildlife, this is a huge improvement. In the long run, using bio-control agents can be financially advantageous than the chemicals. The potential of bio-control agents to provide ongoing pest management with little additional expenses makes them a feasible alternative, even though the initial costs of introducing and establishing them may be higher than those of standard chemical treatments. Additionally, bio-control agents can lessen the requirement for conventional pesticides, which might save overall costs associated with pest management and reduce the risk of pesticide resistance.
Biochar-based Slow-release Nitrogen Fertilizer Performance on Growth and Development of Wheat in Indo-Gangetic Plains
Authors: Kumar N. T. M. , Chaturvedi Sumit , Dhyani V. C. , Pachauri S. P. , Shankhdhar S. C. , Chandra Subhash
Published: September 2024

Excessive fertilizer-use post green revolution led to increased crop yields keeping the soil health at stake with nutrient losses, leaching and poor soil health. The current study aimed to evaluate the slow-release fertilizer i.e., biochar-coated nitrogen (BCN) fertilizer on the crop biomass, tillers and plant height of wheat in the Indo-Gangetic Plains in comparison to neem-coated urea (NCU). The field experiment was conducted during the winter season of 2021-22 at NEB-Crop Research Centre, G. B. Pant University of Agriculture & Technology, Pantnagar, India. The field experiment was designed with 7 fertilizer dosages viz., 100% recommended dose of nitrogen (N) through neem-coated urea (NCU), 125% N–NCU, 125% N–Biochar-coated urea (BCU), 100% N–BCU, 75% N–BCU and 50% N–BCU with 2 sprays of 4% Nano-Urea (NU), and a Control with no nitrogen, replicated thrice under randomized complete block (RCBD) design. Both the BCN and NCU were applied at different nitrogen dosages, with above and below 25% and 50% of the recommended dosage (120:60:40 kg N:P2O5:K2O/ha). The study found that split application of 125% N–BCN resulted in 5.81% to 16.6% increase in plant height at the harvest stage compared to other BCN treatments and a 3.46% to 8.15% increase over nitrogen applied through NCU. For tiller production, 125% N–BCN application led to 3.94% to 12.4% more tillers compared to NCU and 6.61% to 23.7% more than other BCN treatments. Crop biomass accumulation was also higher with 125% N–BCN, showing a 1.44% increase over 125% N–NCU and up to 16.7% more than other BCN doses. The BCN fertilizers proved to be more effective than conventional fertilizers, promoting better nutrient uptake and improved growth rates during critical stages. The study concludes that BCN fertilizers are a promising alternative for sustainable wheat cultivation in the Indo-Gangetic Plains, offering better wheat growth, development and reduced environmental impact, making them suitable for broader agricultural applications.
Comparison and Evaluation of Bagged and Structured Refugia against Cotton Bollworms
Authors: Hanchinal S.G. , Shudeer  , Nidagundi J. M. , M Ajaykumar
Published: September 2024

Aims: To evaluation the Refugia in bag and structured refugia against bollworm complex in cotton.
Study of Design: Bt cotton hybrid (KCH-14K59 BG II) and its non Bt counterpart was planted, following recommended agronomic practices. Six treatments were designed for the studies are detailed below: T1-100 % Bt, T2-100 % Non Bt, T3-20 % structured refugia, T4- RIB-Random (5-10 % Minimal non Bt seeds), T5- RIB-Fixed pattern (5 % Minimal non Bt seeds), T6- RIB- Fixed pattern (10 % Maximum non Bt seeds).
Place and Duration of Study: Department of Entomology, College of Agriculture and Main Agricultural Research Station, Raichur, during 2021-22.
Methodology: Observations regarding infestation of cotton bolls by different bollworm complex at 60, 80, 100, 120 and 140 days after sowing (DAS) were recorded along with observation on yield parameters of cotton. For pink bollworm, cotton bolls were randomly collected from the respective treatments, as described in cotton pest scouting method and put them in laboratory for further counting of PBW larvae.
Results: The results in commercial RIB, fixed 5% RIB and Fixed 10% RIB were observed at par with respect to good boll opening (GBO), Bad boll opening (BBO) and locule damage among the all treatments while highest seed cotton yield was observed in T1 (21.64 q/ha), followed by T4 (17.04 q/ha) and T5 (16.74 q/ha), with the least yield recorded in T2 (4.23 q/ha).
Conclusion: There was no infes of Helicoverpa on Bt cotton in the different treatments of refugia in bag and structured refugia, However, the pink bollworm incidence and green boll damage caused by PBW was recorded in all the treatments of both Bt and non Bt cotton.
Optimizing Dairy Marketing in Karnataka, India: Analyzing Cost, Efficiency and Price Spread Across Channels
Authors: Rebasiddanavar Revappa M. , Relekar Swati Prakash , Doni Megha Mallikarjun , Vajramma Boggala
Published: September 2024

The dairy sector is recognized as a crucial element of India’s agriculture, contributing significantly to rural livelihoods and the national economy. This study aimed to investigate the efficiency and cost structures of various milk marketing channels in Karnataka. Data were collected from vendors, farmers, and administrative officials, as well as secondary data from commercial dairy plants, to analyze the input-output relationships and marketing efficiency across different channels. Two major districts, Mandya and Dharwad, were selected, and ten creameries, ten milk vendors, four medium-sized dairy plants, and one large commercial dairy plant were examined. Milk marketing channels were categorized into organized and unorganized systems, and the costs and returns associated with each type of intermediary were assessed. The analysis revealed considerable variations in marketing costs and efficiency. Channels with fewer intermediaries, such as direct sales from producers to consumers (Channel-I), were found to have higher efficiency. Conversely, channels involving multiple intermediaries, like those including creameries and vendors (Channel-IV), exhibited higher price spreads and lower efficiency. For instance, Channel-V demonstrated the highest marketing efficiency of 3.94, while Channel-IV showed the lowest efficiency at 2.03. It was observed that a higher number of intermediaries correlated with a larger price spread and reduced marketing efficiency. The study highlighted the need for improving marketing channels and strengthening linkages between farmers and organized sectors to enhance overall productivity and profitability in the dairy industry.