bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fragility analysis of hillside buildings designed for modern seismic design codes
Authors: Surana Mitesh , Singh Yogendra , Lang Dominik H.
Published: May 2018

The structural configurations of hillside buildings are significantly different than those observed on flat terrain. To study the effect of often observed structural configurations of hillside buildings, collapse fragility of regular “flat land (FL)” and irregular “split‐foundation (SF)” and “step‐back (SB)” buildings is studied using incremental dynamic analysis. The effects of building height, seismic zone, and near‐ and far‐field sites on collapse fragility are investigated. It is observed that SF and SB hillside buildings exhibit significant torsional effects at the storey just above the uppermost foundation level. In case of FL buildings, collapse occurs due to the flexural failure of beams and columns. On the other hand, in SF and SB buildings, the collapse occurs due to the combined effects of shear failure of short columns and flexural failure of beams and columns in the storey just above the uppermost foundation level. In general, SF buildings are observed to be the most vulnerable, whereas FL buildings are the least vulnerable. It is observed that high‐rise SF and SB buildings show unacceptably high probability of collapse at maximum considered earthquake, in Seismic Zone V and for the near‐field site in Seismic Zone IV.
A review of quadratic discriminant analysis for high‐dimensional data
Authors: Qin Yingli
Published: May 2018

Quadratic discriminant analysis (QDA) is a classical and flexible classification approach, which allows differences between groups not only due to mean vectors but also covariance matrices. Modern high‐dimensional data bring us opportunities and also challenges. In the framework of classical QDA, the inverse of each sample covariance matrix is essential, but high‐dimensionality causes singularity in sample covariance matrices. To overcome this technical difficulty, several high‐dimensional QDA approaches with desirable theoretical properties emerge in recent years. We are to discuss the challenges, some existing works, and possibly several future directions with regard to high‐dimensional QDA.

This article is categorized under:

Statistical and Graphical Methods of Data Analysis > Bayesian Methods and Theory

Statistical and Graphical Methods of Data Analysis > Analysis of High Dimensional Data

Statistical and Graphical Methods of Data Analysis > Multivariate Analysis

Statistical Learning and Exploratory Methods of the Data Sciences > Clustering and Classification
Research Gaps in Wilderness Medicine
Authors: Tritz Daniel , Dormire Kody , Brachtenbach Travis , Gordon Joshua , Sanders Donald , Gearheart David , Crawford Julia , Vassar Matt
Published: May 2018

Introduction

Wilderness medicine involves the treatment of individuals in remote, austere environments. Given the high potential for injuries as well as the unique treatment modalities required in wilderness medicine, evidence-based clinical practice guidelines are necessary to provide optimal care. In this study, we identify evidence gaps from low-quality recommendations in wilderness medicine clinical practice guidelines and identify new/ongoing research addressing them.

Methods

We included relevant clinical practice guidelines from the Wilderness Medical Society and obtained all 1C or 2C level recommendations. Patient/Problem/Population, intervention, comparison, outcome (PICO) questions were created to address each recommendation. Using 24 search strings, we extracted titles, clinical trial registry number, and recruitment status for 8899 articles. We categorized the articles by trial design to infer the effect they may have on future recommendations.

Results

Twelve clinical practice guidelines met inclusion criteria. From these we located 275 low-quality recommendations and used them to create 275 PICO questions. Thirty-three articles were relevant to the PICO questions. Heat-related illness had the highest number of relevant articles (n=9), but acute pain and altitude sickness had the most randomized clinical trials (n=6).

Conclusion

Overall, few studies were being conducted to address research gaps in wilderness medicine. Heat-related illness had the most new or ongoing research, whereas no studies were being conducted to address gaps in eye injuries, basic wound management, or spine immobilization. Animals, cadavers, and mannequin research are useful in cases in which human evidence is difficult to obtain. Establishing research priorities is recommended for addressing research gaps identified by guideline panels.
Is there a critical period for L1 but not L2?
Authors: NEWPORT ELISSA L.
Published: May 2018

I am very pleased to comment on this important and thought-provoking keynote article. The evidence reviewed by Mayberry and Kluender (Mayberry & Kluender, 2017) is extremely significant for our understanding of a critical or sensitive period for the acquisition of language, and the hypothesis they suggest regarding a critical period for first but not second language is challenging. The studies of late L1 learning from the Mayberry lab provide very strong evidence for a critical or sensitive period. However, I am less persuaded of their interpretation of L2 learning and the contrast they hypothesize between L1 and L2 learning during adulthood. I will suggest another hypothesis regarding the differences in age effects for first versus second languages, one that is equally compatible with their important data. My focus here is therefore on their interpretation of the L2 literature. I will not comment further on their review of Mayberry's remarkable studies of late L1 acquisition, except to congratulate them on this very important work.
Classification of volcanic ash particles using a convolutional neural network and probability
Authors: Shoji Daigo , Noguchi Rina , Otsuki Shizuka , Hino Hideitsu
Published: May 2018

Analyses of volcanic ash are typically performed either by qualitatively classifying ash particles by eye or by quantitatively parameterizing its shape and texture. While complex shapes can be classified through qualitative analyses, the results are subjective due to the difficulty of categorizing complex shapes into a single class. Although quantitative analyses are objective, selection of shape parameters is required. Here, we applied a convolutional neural network (CNN) for the classification of volcanic ash. First, we defined four basal particle shapes (blocky, vesicular, elongated, rounded) generated by different eruption mechanisms (e.g., brittle fragmentation), and then trained the CNN using particles composed of only one basal shape. The CNN could recognize the basal shapes with over 90% accuracy. Using the trained network, we classified ash particles composed of multiple basal shapes based on the output of the network, which can be interpreted as a mixing ratio of the four basal shapes. Clustering of samples by the averaged probabilities and the intensity is consistent with the eruption type. The mixing ratio output by the CNN can be used to quantitatively classify complex shapes in nature without categorizing forcibly and without the need for shape parameters, which may lead to a new taxonomy.
Two yellow luminescence bands in undoped GaN
Authors: Reshchikov M. A. , McNamara J. D. , Helava H. , Usikov A. , Makarov Yu.
Published: May 2018

Two yellow luminescence bands related to different defects have been revealed in undoped GaN grown by hydride vapor phase epitaxy (HVPE). One of them, labeled YL1, has the zero-phonon line (ZPL) at 2.57 eV and the band maximum at 2.20 eV at low temperature. This luminescence band is the ubiquitous yellow band observed in GaN grown by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition, either undoped (but containing carbon with high concentration) or doped with Si. Another yellow band, labeled YL3, has the ZPL at 2.36 eV and the band maximum at 2.09 eV. Previously, the ZPL and fine structure of this band were erroneously attributed to the red luminescence band. Both the YL1 and YL3 bands show phonon-related fine structure at the high-energy side, which is caused by strong electron-phonon coupling involving the LO and pseudo-local phonon modes. The shapes of the bands are described with a one-dimensional configuration coordinate model, and the Huang-Rhys factors are found. Possible origins of the defect-related luminescence bands are discussed.
Complex Hydrogels Composed of Chitosan with Ring-opened Polyvinyl Pyrrolidone as a Gastroretentive Drug Dosage Form to Enhance the Bioavailability of Bisphosphonates
Authors: Su Chia-Yu , Ho Hsiu-O , Chen Ying-Chen , Yu Yu-Ting , Liu Der-Zen , Chao Fang-Ching , Sheu Ming-Thau
Published: May 2018

Complex hydrogels formed with chitosan (CS) and ring-opened polyvinyl pyrrolidone (roPVP) as a swellable mucoadhesive gastroretentive drug dosage form (smGRDDF) were prepared and characterized. CS/roPVP hydrogels were produced by blending CS with roPVP obtained by basic treatment of PVP. Effects of the heating time and NaOH concentration employed for preparing roPVP, and CS molecular weights (Mws), and roPVP/CS ratios on the swelling ability of the resultant hydrogels were characterized. Rheological characteristics were further examined. Results demonstrated that roPVP obtained in a 0.5 M NaOH solution heated to 50 °C for 4 h was suitable for producing complex hydrogels with CS. At a roPVP/CS ratio of 20:1, hydrogels composed of three different Mws of CS possessed optimal swelling and mucoadhesive abilities and rheological properties. In vitro dissolution revealed sustained drug release. A pharmacokinetic study exhibited that the plasma profile of alendronate followed a sustained manner with 3-fold enhancement of the oral bioavailability. In conclusion, the smGRDDF composed of CS/roPVP complex hydrogels was successfully developed and is potentially applicable to improve the clinical efficacy of bisphosphonates.
RETRACTED ARTICLE: The BET inhibitor I-BET762 inhibits pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cell proliferation and enhances the therapeutic effect of gemcitabine
Authors: Xie Fang , Huang Mei , Lin Xiansheng , Liu Chenhai , Liu Zhen , Meng Futao , Wang Chao , Huang Qiang
Published: May 2018

As one of the most fatal malignancies, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) has significant resistance to the currently available treatment approaches. Gemcitabine, the standard chemotherapeutic agent for locally advanced and metastatic PDAC, has limited efficacy, which is attributed to innate/acquired resistance and the activation of prosurvival pathways. Here, we investigated the in vitro efficacy of I-BET762, an inhibitor of the bromodomain and extraterminal (BET) family of proteins, in treating PDAC cell lines alone and in combination with gemcitabine (GEM). The effect of these two agents was also examined in xenograft PDAC tumors in mice. We found that I-BET762 induced cell cycle arrest in the G0/G1 phase and cell death and suppressed cell proliferation and metastatic stem cell factors in PDAC cells. In addition, the BH3-only protein Bim, which is related to chemotherapy resistance, was upregulated by I-BET762, which increased the cell death triggered by GEM in PDAC cells. Moreover, GEM and I-BET762 exerted a synergistic effect on cytotoxicity both in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, Bim is necessary for I-BET762 activity and modulates the synergistic effect of GEM and I-BET762 in PDAC. In conclusion, we investigated the effect of I-BET762 on PDAC and suggest an innovative strategy for PDAC treatment.
Identification of amino acids with sensitive nanoporous MoS2: towards machine learning-based prediction
Authors: Barati Farimani Amir , Heiranian Mohammad , Aluru Narayana R.
Published: May 2018

Protein detection plays a key role in determining the single point mutations which can cause a variety of diseases. Nanopore sequencing provides a label-free, single base, fast and long reading platform, which makes it amenable for personalized medicine. A challenge facing nanopore technology is the noise in ionic current. Here, we show that a nanoporous single-layer molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) can detect individual amino acids in a polypeptide chain (16 units) with a high accuracy and distinguishability. Using extensive molecular dynamics simulations (with a total aggregate simulation time of 66 µs) and machine learning techniques, we featurize and cluster the ionic current and residence time of the 20 amino acids and identify the fingerprints of the signals. Using logistic regression, nearest neighbor, and random forest classifiers, the sensor reading is predicted with an accuracy of 72.45, 94.55, and 99.6%, respectively. In addition, using advanced ML classification techniques, we are able to theoretically predict over 2.8 million hypothetical sensor readings’ amino acid types.
Thermal transformations of manufactured nanomaterials as a proposed proxy for ageing
Authors: Briffa S. M. , Lynch I. , Trouillet V. , Bruns M. , Hapiuk D. , Valsami-Jones E.
Published: May 2018

Investigation of changes in manufactured nanomaterial properties (i.e. redox, capping efficiency, aggregation, dissolution) with temperature as a proxy for time.
Aggregated initiators: defining their role in the ROP of rac-lactide
Authors: Cols Jean-Marie E. P. , Hill Victoria G. , Williams Stella K. , McIntosh Ruaraidh D.
Published: May 2018

Reported examples of aggregated initiators for the ring-opening polymerisation (ROP) of lactide often lack detailed investigations as to the nature of the active species, making it difficult to reconcile ligand design with performance.
Stable solvent for solution-based electrical doping of semiconducting polymer films and its application to organic solar cells
Authors: Larrain Felipe A. , Fuentes-Hernandez Canek , Chou Wen-Fang , Rodriguez-Toro Victor A. , Huang Tzu-Yen , Toney Michael F. , Kippelen Bernard
Published: May 2018

A solution-based method to electrically p-dope organic semiconductors enabling the fabrication of organic solar cells with simplified geometry is implemented with acetonitrile as an alternative to nitromethane.
Buckwheat and buckwheat enriched products exert an anti-inflammatory effect on the myofibroblasts of colon CCD-18Co
Authors: Giménez-Bastida J. A. , Laparra-Llopis J. M. , Baczek N. , Zielinski H.
Published: May 2018

Buckwheat products ameliorated cell migration and cell cycle alteration of colon myofibroblasts in the presence of TNF-α.
Assessment of the trifluoromethyl ketone functionality as an alternative zinc-binding group for selective HDAC6 inhibition
Authors: Depetter Yves , Geurs Silke , Vanden Bussche Flore , De Vreese Rob , Franceus Jorick , Desmet Tom , De Wever Olivier , D'hooghe Matthias
Published: May 2018

The replacement of the hydroxamic acid zinc-binding group in benzohydroxamic acid HDAC6 inhibitors by a trifluoromethyl ketone function leads to severe reduction in enzymatic and cellular activity.
Quo vadis, unimolecular electronics?
Authors: Metzger Robert Melville
Published: May 2018

This paper reviews the present status of unimolecular electronics (UME).
Polymerization of acrylates based on n-type organic semiconductors using Cu(0)-RDRP
Authors: Tonge Christopher M. , Sauvé Ethan R. , Paisley Nathan R. , Heyes Jordan E. , Hudson Zachary M.
Published: May 2018

Three acrylic monomers have been prepared based on organic semiconductor motifs commonly used as n-type materials in organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) and organic thin-film transistors (OTFTs) and polymerized by Cu(0)-RDRP.
Controlling the canonical/zwitterionic balance through intramolecular proton transfer: a strategy for vapochromism
Authors: Pascal Simon , Lavaud Lucien , Azarias Cloé , Canard Gabriel , Giorgi Michel , Jacquemin Denis , Siri Olivier
Published: May 2018

N-Substituted diamino-benzoquinone diimines featuring tunable aryl electron-withdrawing functions and vapochromic properties have been developed.
Sequential hydrogen production system from formic acid and H2/CO2 separation under high-pressure conditions
Authors: Iguchi Masayuki , Chatterjee Maya , Onishi Naoya , Himeda Yuichiro , Kawanami Hajime
Published: May 2018

Hydrogen (H2) production from formic acid (FA) is highly attractive as a sustainable energy source from the interconversion between CO2 and FA.
Polymorphism of stable collagen fibrils
Authors: Cameron Samuel , Kreplak Laurent , Rutenberg Andrew D.
Published: May 2018

Equilibrium collagen fibrils have a variety of radii and surface twists, with a maximum surface twist of 19° (0.3 rad).
Chemical Leslie effect in Langmuir monolayers: a complete experimental characterization
Authors: Bunel Félix , Ignés-Mullol Jordi , Sagués Francesc , Oswald Patrick
Published: May 2018

We propose a complete characterization of the chemical Leslie effect in a Langmuir monolayer of a chiral liquid crystal.
Tuning the electrocatalytic activity of Pt by structurally ordered PdFe/C for the hydrogen oxidation reaction in alkaline media
Authors: Xiao Weiping , Lei Wen , Wang Jie , Gao Guoying , Zhao Tonghui , Cordeiro Macro A. L. , Lin Ruoqian , Gong Mingxing , Guo Xuyun , Stavitski Eli , Xin Huolin L. , Zhu Ye , Wang Deli
Published: May 2018

Tuning the hydrogen adsorption energy on Pt surface is essential for enhancing the HOR performance in alkaline media.
Loudness Perception of Pure Tones in Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Abur Defne , Lupiani Ashling A. , Hickox Ann E. , Shinn-Cunningham Barbara G. , Stepp Cara E.
Published: May 2018

Purpose

Reduced intensity is a hallmark of speech production in Parkinson's disease (PD). Previous work has examined the perception of intensity in PD to explain these speech deficits. This study reports loudness ratings of pure tones by individuals with PD and controls, all with normal thesholds for older adults.

Method

Twenty individuals with PD and 23 age- and sex-matched controls rated the loudness of pure tones from 1 (very soft) to 7 (uncomfortably loud). Tones at 500, 750, 1000, 2000, and 4000 Hz were presented from 35 to 80 dB HL (or until a rating of 7 was given). A mixed-model analysis of variance was performed on ratings to assess the effects of group, frequency, sound intensity, and ear. Loudness growth slopes were determined for each participant and analyzed by group.

Results

The mean loudness growth slopes of the control and PD groups did not significantly differ.

Conclusions

No difference was found in loudness growth slopes in response to externally generated tones in PD. This is in contrast with the findings of previous studies of self-generated speech and externally presented speech. The underlying causes for impaired perception and production of loudness in PD require further investigation.
Intentional controlled islanding: when to island for power system blackout prevention
Authors: Fernández‐Porras Pablo , Panteli Mathaios , Quirós‐Tortós Jairo
Published: May 2018

Power systems are prone to cascading outages leading to large‐area blackouts with significant social and economic consequences. Intentional controlled islanding (i.e. the separation of the system into sustainable islands) is an effective strategy to mitigate these catastrophic events. To ensure a correct separation, nonetheless, it is crucial to define a suitable time to split the system (i.e. to answer the when to island question). To consider the probability of the event, the reliability of the system components, the reliability of the information and communication technologies, and the potential economic costs of the event, answering the above question within a risk‐based framework becomes critical. To date, however, this has not been done. This study proposes a risk‐based methodology to define, in an adaptive manner, a suitable time to split the system following an event. This methodology complements the well‐studied where to island question, resulting in an integral solution of the islanding problem. To illustrate the approach, the IEEE 118‐bus dynamic system is adopted considering realistic security criteria. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness and flexibility of the methodology in identifying a suitable time for the creation of islands, which, in turn, results in the prevention of blackouts that would otherwise be obtained.
GPU‐based parallel real‐time volt/var optimisation for distribution network considering distributed generators
Authors: Huang Shengjun , Dinavahi Venkata
Published: May 2018

Although the wide integration of advanced metering infrastructure on distribution network facilitates the application of volt/var optimisation (VVO) in real‐time circumstance, the contradiction between heavy computation load and low solution efficiency is still a big challenge, thus the system scales investigated in the literature are limited. In this study, the full AC real‐time VVO is formulated based on particle swarm optimisation (PSO) framework and direct approach (DA) power flow method, where all components, such as distributed generator and on‐load tap changer transformer, are formulated and integrated into the iterative DA process. Since both PSO and DA are suitable for parallel implementation, the graphics processing unit (GPU) is introduced for acceleration in order to achieve the possibility for real‐time application. All the solution process is executed by GPU with the well‐established data structure and thread organisation pattern, resulting in high efficiency by guaranteeing coalesced access within each warp. Case studies are conducted on four systems with sizes ranging from 136‐bus to 1760‐bus. Solution accuracy and convergence property are validated by the popular open source package Matpower. Based on the results from solution efficiency comparison between CPU sequential, CPU parallel, and GPU parallel programs, the promise of the proposed parallel implementation scheme for practical application is established.
The December 2015 re-brightening of V404 Cygni
Authors: Kajava J. J. E. , Motta S. E. , Sánchez-Fernández C. , Kuulkers E.
Published: May 2018

In December 2015 the black hole binary V404 Cyg underwent a secondary outburst after the main June 2015 event. We monitored this re-brightening with the INTEGRAL and Swift satellites, and in this paper we report the results of the time-resolved spectral analysis of these data. The December outburst shared several characteristics with the June event. The well-sampled INTEGRAL light curve shows up to ten Crab flares, which are separated by relatively weak non-flaring emission phases when compared to the June outburst. The spectra are nicely described by absorbed Comptonization models, with hard photon indices, Γ ≲ 2, and significant detections of a high-energy cut-off only during the bright flares. This is in contrast to the June outburst, where the Comptonization models gave electron temperatures mostly in the 30–50 keV range, while some spectra were soft (Γ ~ 2.5) without signs of any spectral cut-off. Similarly to the June outburst, we see clear signs of a variable local absorber in the soft energy band covered by Swift/XRT and INTEGRAL/JEM-X, which causes rapid spectral variations observed during the flares. During one flare, both Swift and INTEGRAL captured V404 Cyg in a state where the absorber was nearly Compton thick, N
H ≈ 1024 cm−2, and the broad-band spectrum was similar to obscured AGN spectra, as seen during the X-ray plateaus in the June outburst. We conclude that the spectral behaviour of V404 Cyg during the December outburst was analogous with the first few days of the June outburst, both having hard X-ray flares that were intermittently influenced by obscuration due to nearly Compton-thick outflows launched from the accretion disc.
Beam dynamics and electromagnetic studies of a 3 MeV, 325 MHz radio frequency quadrupole accelerator
Authors: Gaur Rahul , Kumar Vinit
Published: May 2018

We present the beam dynamics and electromagnetic studies of a 3 MeV, 325 MHz H− radio frequency quadrupole (RFQ) accelerator for the proposed Indian Spallation Neutron Source project. We have followed a design approach, where the emittance growth and the losses are minimized by keeping the tune depression ratio larger than 0.5. The transverse cross-section of RFQ is designed at a frequency lower than the operating frequency, so that the tuners have their nominal position inside the RFQ cavity. This has resulted in an improvement of the tuning range, and the efficiency of tuners to correct the field errors in the RFQ. The vane-tip modulations have been modelled in CST-MWS code, and its effect on the field flatness and the resonant frequency has been studied. The deterioration in the field flatness due to vane-tip modulations is reduced to an acceptable level with the help of tuners. Details of the error study and the higher order mode study along with mode stabilization technique are also described in the paper.
Design of High-Performance Magnetorquer with Air Core for CubeSat
Authors: Bai Bo , Zhou Jun , Wang Shengyun
Published: May 2018

To solve the problem that how to design a big magnetic moment, small size, light weight, low power consumption magnetorquer with air core under the constraint of limited volume and power in CubSate, multiobjective optimization design method is used. Firstly, based on the structure of the square support with multiple layer of the enameled wire wrapped, the magnetic moment model, power consumption model and mass model are deduced from square support size, enameled wire diameter and turn number, respectively. Secondly, according to the model of magnetic moment and power consumption, the multi-objective optimization design of magnetorquer with genetic algorithm (GA) is used under the constraint of limited mass and volume. Thirdly, based on the relation between the magnetic moment and the magnetic induction intensity, the measurement method of the magnetic moment is designed. Finally, the designed parameter is implemented. The test result showed that the designed magnetorquer has the qualities of high linearity, low remanence, and it well met the requirements of CubeSat standard. The designed magnetorquer successfully applied in several CubeSats indicates the reliability of this design scheme.
A Study of Multi-Objective Aerodynamic Optimization Design for Variable Camber Airfoils and High Lift Devices
Authors: Zhou Wangyi , Bai Junqiang , Qiao Lei , Qiu Yasong , Liu Rui , Shen Guangchen
Published: May 2018

Aiming at the synthetical optimization of the aerodynamic performance between the low-speed condition of two-dimensional high lift devices during take-off and landing phase and the high-speed condition of variable camber airfoil during cruise phase, an aerodynamic optimization design method for high lift device based on Kriging based surrogate model and multi-objective genetic algorithm has been developed. With the application of Adaptive Dropped Hinge Flap mechanism, the low-speed take-off and landing performance and high-speed cruise performance of the aircraft is improved by coupling deflection of the flap and spoiler. The position of flap hinge, deflection angle of spoiler and deflection angle of flap are taken as design variables; The Navier-Stokes equations are used to predict the aerodynamic forces of initial samples; The Kriging based surrogate model is employed to establish the algebraic relation between design variables and aerodynamic forces at take off, landing and cruise, obtaining four efficient prediction models for aerodynamic forces; Multi-objective optimization design with multi-objective genetic algorithm is conducted on the basis of surrogate models. The automatic generation of computational grid is achieved by the mesh deformation method based on RBF (Radial Basis Function) when the design variables change. On the basis of efficient global multi-objective optimization design platform, the synthetical optimization of high-speed and low-speed aerodynamic performance is conducted; The multi-objective solution set of the Pareto frontier is verified and analyzed, and the optimal solution with well matched high and low speed performance is selected.
A Modified Backstepping Control and Dynamic Control Allocation Method for Command Tracking
Authors: Liu Jinglong , Wen Jing , Liu Xiaoxiong , He Qizhi
Published: May 2018

This paper uses the modified Backstepping (BS) Control method and the Dynamic Control Allocation (DCA) method to solve the problem that when the fighter aircraft under different flight conditions, it will be adaptively tracking different commands. Firstly, we introduce the classical Lyapunov method and classical backstepping control method, and then propose a modified backstepping control method to be applied by general flight control system model. Finally, for the problem that the common control allocation method can't compensate for ignoring the actuator dynamics, a dynamic control allocation method is introduced, and it is successfully applied to the design of the whole closed loop control system. The controller reserves the stable nonlinear term of the system, eliminates the unstable nonlinear term, and minimize the impact of ignoring the actuator dynamic through the dynamic allocation. The simulation results show that the methods in this paper have a good response. It can be implemented in different flight conditions with a good performance of command tracking and lots of robustness.
JDart-Based Test Cases Generation and Optimization
Authors: Wu Xiaoxue , Zheng Wei , Wang Peiyuan , Wang Peijia , Fan Songyu
Published: May 2018

Test cases play a crucial role in software testing, with the increasing complexity and scale of software, automatic test cases generation becomes increasingly important for software reliability and test efficiency. Symbolic-based test cases generation approach draws great attention due to its high reliability and there are already various kinds of tools introduced. However, most of these tools are C-oriented. JDart is a good open source Java-oriented symbol execution tool with excellent scalability. This paper aims to enhance the automatic test generation ability of JDart by designing and optimizing its array symbolization. The verification result shows that the optimization strategy proposed in this paper is effective in the test of the Jdart, it can effectively improve the coverage of Jdart on program involving complex object testing.
Periphere arterielle Verschlusskrankheit als Ursache für unilaterale Schmerzzustände im Gesäß- und Oberschenkelbereich
Authors: Lackenbauer Wolfgang
Published: May 2018

Das gezielte und systematische Screening auf pathologische Prozesse oder schwere Verletzungen (Red-Flag-Screening), die sich nicht für physiotherapeutische
Maßnahmen eignen, ist ein fester Bestandteil offizieller Leitlinien der World Confederation for Physical Therapy (WCPT). Mangelnde diagnostische Validität
individueller Red Flags und die geringe Prävalenz einzelner schwerwiegender Pathologien (vorwiegend der LWS) stellen die Sinnhaftigkeit des Red-Flag-Screenings
als Teil der klinischen Untersuchung infrage. Demgegenüber steht eine Vielzahl publizierter Fallbeispiele, die demonstrieren, dass ein umfassendes
Screening-Verfahren einen wichtigen Beitrag zur Identifizierung verschiedenster Krankheitsprozesse leisten kann.

Der vorliegende Fallbericht beschreibt eine Patientin, die mit der Diagnose Lumboischialgie zur Physiotherapie überwiesen wurde. Durch eine Kombination aus
gründlicher Anamnese, Erhebung verschiedener Risikofaktoren und nachfolgender physischer Untersuchung kamen beim behandelnden Physiotherapeuten Zweifel an einer
neuromuskuloskeletalen Ursache der Beschwerden auf. Die von ihm angeratene fachärztliche Untersuchung führte zur korrekten Diagnose periphere arterielle
Verschlusskrankheit.
Manuelle Therapie bei zystischer Fibrose – sinnvolle Ergänzung zur Atemtherapie
Authors: von Greyerz-Bokma Janneke
Published: May 2018

Patienten mit zystischer Fibrose zeigen manchmal auch hypomobile Funktionsstörungen der Wirbelgelenke oder kostovertebralen Gelenke, die dann wiederum die
Belüftung der Lunge beeinflussen können. Neben Atemtherapie, Bindegewebsmassage, Massage und Übungen ist die Manuelle Therapie für die Physiotherapeutin Janneke
von Greyerz-Bokma ein gutes Werkzeug, um die Wirbelsäule und den Thorax beweglicher zu machen. Frau Lenz
1
aus dem
Fallbeispiel ist nach der manuellen Therapie nicht nur mobiler, sondern kann auch besser abhusten.
Stabilieren und unterstützen in der Neuroreha – Die schmerzhafte Schulter tapen
Authors: Gänsdorfer Ilse
Published: May 2018

Häufig haben Patienten mit erworbenen Hirnschädigungen eine Hemiparese, die mit einer subluxierten und in der Folge schmerzhaften Schulter einhergehen kann. Eine Möglichkeit, das Gelenk zu stabilisieren bzw. die Restfunktion der Muskulatur zu unterstützen, ist das kostengünstige Tape.
Effects of Different Resistance Training Frequencies on Fat in Overweight/Obese Older Women
Authors: Cavalcante Edilaine , Ribeiro Alex , do Nascimento Matheus , Silva Analiza , Tomeleri Crisieli , Nabuco Hellen , Pina Fábio , Mayhew Jerry , Da Silva-Grigoletto Marzo , da Silva Danilo , Fleck Steven , Cyrino Edilson
Published: May 2018

Aim This study compared the effect of different resistance training (RT) frequencies on total, android, gynoid and trunk body fat in overweight/obese older women.

Methods Fifty-seven overweight/obese older women (66.9±5.3 years and 39.9±4.9% body fat) were randomly assigned to one of three groups: a group performing RT twice a week (G2X), a group performing RT three times a week (G3X), or a non-exercise control group (CG). Both training groups performed the same 12-week RT program consisting of 8 exercises that trained all major muscle groups. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry was used to assess body composition.

Results After the intervention period, both G2X and G3X demonstrated significant (P<0.05) reductions in adiposity compared to the CG for total body fat (G2X=–1.7%, G3X=–2.7%, CG=+2.1%), android fat (G2X=–6.2%, G3X=–7.0%, CG=+8.6%), gynoid fat (G2X=–2.5%, G3X=–2.9%, CG=+1.0%), and trunk fat (G2X=–2.5%, G3X=–3.0%, CG=+2.9%), with no significant differences between training groups.

Conclusion These results demonstrate that a low-volume 12-week RT program performed two or three times per week causes decreases in total and regional fat deposition with the greatest reductions occurring in the android region.
Static Postural Stability in Chronic Ankle Instability, an Ankle Sprain and Healthy Ankles
Authors: Kwon Yong
Published: May 2018

To identify the single leg balance (SLB) test that discriminates among healthy, coper, and chronic ankle instability (CAI) groups and to determine effects of ankle muscles on the balance error scoring system (BESS) among the three populations. 60 subjects (20 per group) performed the SLB test with eyes open (EO) and eyes closed (EC). Normalized mean amplitude (NMA) of the tibia anterior (TA), fibularis longus (FL), and medial gastrocnemius (MG) muscles and BESS were measured while performing the SLB test. The coper group had a lower error score than the CAI group in the EC. NMA was greater in the CAI group compared to in the healthy and coper groups regardless of muscle type. NMA of the TA was less than the PL and MG regardless of the group in the EO. The CAI group demonstrated greater NMAs of the PL and MG than the healthy and coper groups in the EC. The CAI group demonstrated greater NMA of the PL and MG by compensating their ankle muscles in the EO and EC. BESS suggests that the coper group may have coping mechanisms to stabilize static postural control compared to the CAI group. The EC may be better to detect static postural instability in the CAI or coper group.
Photooxidative Keto-Trifluoromethylation of Styrenes by Means of an Anthraquinone-Based Organocatalyst
Authors: Yamaguchi Eiji , Itoh Akichika , Kamito Yuji , Matsuo Kazuki , Ishihara Jun
Published: May 2018

α-Trifluoromethyl ketones are versatile building blocks for the synthesis of various trifluoromethyl-functionalized molecules. Although there are significant advantages in the development of methods toward direct transformations of styrenes into α-trifluoromethyl ketones, most procedures leading to α-trifluoromethyl ketones require heavy- or transition-metal-based complexes. Herein, a novel method is developed for the synthesis of α-trifluoromethyl ketones via anthraquinone-catalyzed photooxidative keto-trifluoromethylation of styrenes with the readily available Langlois reagent (CF3SO2Na) under an oxygen atmosphere. The reactions proceed smoothly to give the products in moderate to excellent yield with good selectivity.
What is ‘regeneration’ and who needs it?
Authors: Thane Pat
Published: May 2018

Regeneration is an ambiguous term with diverse meanings. According to the Oxford English Dictionary, to be regenerated is to be ‘re-born; brought again into existence; formed anew’, no doubt an accurate usage but one that is arguably too narrow. More appropriate is another meaning the OED suggests: ‘restored to a better state’. Most definitions of regeneration have been driven, over many times and places, by concern about ageing and the desire, at best, to reverse or, at least, to modify its perceived ill-effects. This article considers what we understand by regeneration and who needs it.
Hugoniot equation of state of Si-doped glow discharge polymer and scaling to other plastic ablators
Authors: Huser G. , Ozaki N. , Colin-Lalu P. , Recoules V. , Sano T. , Sakawa Y. , Miyanishi K. , Kodama R.
Published: May 2018

Pressure, density, and temperature were measured along the principal Hugoniot of the Si-doped Glow Discharge Polymer used in Inertial Confinement Fusion (ICF) capsules up to 5 Mbar, covering conditions beyond the first shock in a full-scale Inertial Confinement Fusion (ICF) capsule. The experiments were performed using the GEKKOXII laser at the Institute of Laser Engineering at Osaka University in Japan. Results are in good agreement with predictions obtained from ab initio Hugoniot calculations, but softer than the quotidian equation of state average atom model. Ab initio calculations show that dissociation of carbon bonds need to be taken into account in order to explain Hugoniot compressibility.
Study of Fe/Ni alloy coated carbon fibres prepared by electroplating
Authors: Guo Haiwei , Chen Zhan-qing , Li Jun-jiao , Li Lu
Published: May 2018

In this present work, magnetic iron–nickel (Fe/Ni) alloy coatings were successfully prepared on the surface of carbon fibres (Fe/Ni–CFs) through electrodeposition, and their microstructure, phase composition and properties were also investigated. Microstructure observations indicate that Fe/Ni alloy coatings on CFs are well-distributed and smooth. The composition of Fe/Ni alloy is FeNi3 with face-centred cubic structure. The conductivity of Fe/Ni–CFs increases dramatically with the extension of plating time and the line resistance value remains stable when the plating time reaches 15 min. Meanwhile, Fe/Ni–CFs prepared shows typical soft magnetic performance (25.5 emu g−1 of saturation magnetisation) and good thermal stability. Besides, composites of Fe/Ni–CFs and epoxy resin fabricated through hot-compression moulding process exhibited good homogeneity.
Final report on comparison of hydraulic pressure balance effective area determination in the range up to 80 MPa
Authors: Bermanec L Grgec , Pantic D , Ramac B
Published: May 2018

Bilateral comparison was organized between the laboratory for process measurement of the Croatian Metrology Institute (HMI/FSB-LPM) and the pressure laboratory of the Directorate of Measures and Precious Metals of the Republic of Serbia (DMDM). Laboratory for process measurement of HMI acted as the pilot laboratory. The aim of the comparison was to evaluate the degree of equivalence in the determination of effective area and elastic distortion coefficient, considering respective uncertainties of the two laboratories. Measurements were done on the pressure balance in gauge mode, with oil as transmitting medium, in the gauge pressure range 10–80 MPa. The results of the comparison successfully demonstrated that the hydraulic gauge pressure standards are equivalent within their claimed uncertainties.

Main text

To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database kcdb.bipm.org/.

The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCM, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).
Optimal resource diffusion for suppressing disease spreading in multiplex networks
Authors: Chen Xiaolong , Wang Wei , Cai Shimin , Stanley H Eugene , Braunstein Lidia A
Published: May 2018

Resource diffusion is a ubiquitous phenomenon, but how it impacts epidemic spreading has received little study. We propose a model that couples epidemic spreading and resource diffusion in multiplex networks. The spread of disease in a physical contact layer and the recovery of the infected nodes are both strongly dependent upon resources supplied by their counterparts in the social layer. The generation and diffusion of resources in the social layer are in turn strongly dependent upon the state of the nodes in the physical contact layer. Resources diffuse preferentially or randomly in this model. To quantify the degree of preferential diffusion, a bias parameter that controls the resource diffusion is proposed. We conduct extensive simulations and find that the preferential resource diffusion can change phase transition type of the fraction of infected nodes. When the degree of interlayer correlation is below a critical value, increasing the bias parameter changes the phase transition from double continuous to single continuous. When the degree of interlayer correlation is above a critical value, the phase transition changes from multiple continuous to first discontinuous and then to hybrid. We find hysteresis loops in the phase transition. We also find that there is an optimal resource strategy at each fixed degree of interlayer correlation under which the threshold reaches a maximum and the disease can be maximally suppressed. In addition, the optimal controlling parameter increases as the degree of inter-layer correlation increases.
Primary Care Physicians’ Perceived Barriers to Optimal Dementia Care: A Systematic Review
Authors: Mansfield Elise , Noble Natasha , Sanson-Fisher Rob , Mazza Danielle , Bryant Jamie
Published: May 2018

Background and Objectives

Primary care physicians (PCPs) have a key role in providing care for people with dementia and their carers, however, a range of barriers prevent them from delivering optimal care. We reviewed studies on PCPs’ perceptions of barriers to providing optimal dementia care, including their methodological quality, whether they focused on barriers related to diagnosis and/or management, and the patient-, provider-, and system-level barriers identified.

Research Design and Methods

Studies were included if they were quantitative studies published since 2006 which reported on PCPs’ perceptions of the barriers to providing dementia care. The methodological quality of identified studies was assessed using an adapted version of accepted rating criteria for quantitative studies. Data were extracted from studies which were rated as “moderate” or “strong” quality.

Results

A total of 20 studies were identified, 16 of which were rated as “moderate” or “strong” methodological quality. Patient-related barriers included a reluctance to acknowledge cognitive decline and patient nonadherence to management plans. Provider-related barriers included a lack of training and confidence. System-related barriers included a lack of time during consultations and lack of support services.

Discussion and Implications

This review highlights a range of barriers to dementia diagnosis and management from studies rated as being methodologically adequate. Future studies should also utilize theory-driven approaches to exploring a comprehensive range of barriers to optimal dementia care across the care trajectory.
Microsurgical Resection of Ruptured Large Left Temporo-Occipital Arteriovenous Malformation: 3-Dimensional Operative Video
Authors: Cheng Chun-Yu , Shetty Rakshith , Sekhar Laligam N
Published: May 2018

A 59-yr-old man presented with intraventricular hemorrhage and was found to have a large temporo-occipital arteriovenous malformation (AVM), Spetzler–Martin grade 4. The preoperative intra-arterial digital subtraction angiography (IADSA) showed the AVM was 4 × 4 cm2, had superficial and deep venous drainage, and was fed by multiple branches of the posterior cerebral artery and middle cerebral artery. Preoperative embolization was done in 4 stages.

 He underwent a left temporo-occipital craniotomy, mastoidectomy, and retrosigmoid craniotomy with a posterior temporal approach. Intraoperatively, there was a large draining vein draining into the sigmoid sinus in the location of the vein of Labbe, and multiple other feeding arteries and draining veins, including periventricular vessels. Circumferential dissection of the AVM was done from posteriorly, superiorly, anteriorly, and then inferiorly. The technique of temporary clipping and cauterizing the perforating arteries, and then sectioning them after flow arrest is shown in the video. Large arterial feeders were cauterized and divided. Three permanent aneurysm clips were left to control bleeding from the vessels of the trigone of the lateral ventricle. After the large draining vein into the sigmoid sinus was occluded, the AVM was completely removed. The patient had acute nonfluent aphasia postoperatively but improved after speech therapy. The postoperative IADSA demonstrated total resection. At 3-mo follow-up, he had recovered completely (mRS0).

 This 3-D video shows the technical nuances of microsurgical resection of a complex large AVM.

 Informed consent was obtained from the patient prior to the surgery that included videotaping of the procedure and its distribution for educational purposes. All relevant patient identifiers have also been removed from the video and accompanying radiology slides.
General Principles for Pial Synangiosis in Pediatric Moyamoya Patients: 2-Dimensional Operative Video
Authors: Penn David L , Wu Kyle C , Presswood Kayla R , Riordan Coleman P , Scott R Michael , Smith Edward R
Published: May 2018

Pial synangiosis is a method of indirect surgical revascularization developed at our institution for the treatment of moyamoya disease in pediatric patients. Similar surgical principles are employed in adult cases, often performed because of lack of an adequate donor vessel. Standardized protocols, including preadmission for preoperative intravenous hydration and aspirin administration, as well as intraoperative electroencephalography, are routinely employed to minimize operative risk. Perioperative heparinization is not required. The patient is positioned supine, without skull fixation, and the parietal branch of the superficial temporal artery is mapped with Doppler ultrasonography. The artery is microscopically dissected from distal to proximal, leaving a cuff of tissue around the vessel and elevated from the temporalis. The microscope is then removed, the temporalis is opened in a cruciate fashion, and a generous craniotomy is performed, with care to drill away from the exposed artery. The dura is then opened widely (preserving dural collateral vessels), followed by microscopic opening of the arachnoid in as many areas as possible. The donor vessel is then sutured to the pia with 10-0 nylons. The dural leaflets are laid on the brain (without suturing). Closure is completed with saline-soaked gelfoam, with fixation of the bone flap, and muscle reapproximation in the horizontal plane. The galea is closed, followed by the use of resorbable skin suture in pediatric patients. If indicated, the second hemisphere may be performed under the same anesthetic, reducing anesthetic risks and avoiding delayed revascularization. Postoperatively, the patient is awakened and transferred to the intensive care unit.