bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Regulation of agrophysical indicators of degraded sod-podzolic soil fertility using a system of fertilizers and predecessors
Authors: Shevchenko V A , Soloviev A M , Bondareva G I , Popova N P
Published: September 2020

Experimental data on the dynamics of the most important agrophysical indicators of soil fertility which were obtained against the background of various fertilizer systems and predecessors in the development of degraded reclaimed lands that were withdrawn from circulation are presented. It has been shown that the rate of formation of a macrostructure that is valuable in production (0.25-10 mm) strongly depends on the amount of organic matter entering the soil in the form of high doses of all types of organic fertilizers, green manure and crop-root residues, upon decomposition of which an active humus is formed, which, when interacting with calcium, impregnates and cements the soil lumps, transforming them into a water-insoluble form. The greatest positive influence on the structural coefficient is exerted by cultivation of barley according to the organic background with the introduction of manure (40 … 80 t / ha) or liquid runoff of livestock complexes (120 t / ha) in combination with sowing application 10 kg a.v. P2O5 and 30 kg a.m. nitrogen as a top dressing per 1 ha. It has been established that in order to improve agrophysical parameters when degraded lands are involved in agricultural production, along with the introduction of high doses of organic fertilizers, crops with a deeply penetrating, powerfully developed root system that can not only condense the arable and plow layers, reduce acidity should be sown soil, but also at the same time improve its structure.
The study of soil mechanics and intensification of agriculture
Authors: Kokieva G E , Voinash S A , Sokolova V A , Gorbachev V A , Fedyaev Arthur A , Fedyaev A A
Published: September 2020

In recent decades, in our country insufficient attention has been paid to the study of soil mechanics. Currently, there is a need to study the mechanical processes in the soil when it interacts with the working bodies of tillage machines and operating systems of mobile agricultural equipment. With existing technologies for cultivating crops, various machines pass through the field from 10 to 15 times. The tools used have a centuries-old history of development and improvement, both of individual types of working parts, and of technological tillage complexes as a whole. At the same time, the scientific basis for tillage has not yet been fully developed. The article explores soil mechanics and intensification of agriculture; saturating it with heavy machines, and increasing the energy saturation of tractors put forward new tasks that cannot be solved without the development of theoretical and applied research in the field of soil mechanics. Depending on the formulation of the tasks of the interaction of tillage organs and movers with soil, degenerate models can be used that contain only those rheological properties of the soil that define the main goal of the technological problem.
Research of absorbing properties of carbon sorbents for purification of aquatic environment from oil products
Authors: Rogovskii I L , Kalivoshko S M , Voinash S A , Korshunova E E , Sokolova V A , Obukhova I A , Kebko V D
Published: September 2020

The article presents the results of the study of structural-sorption performance and absorption properties of both raw materials and carbon sorbents obtained in the carbonization process, in terms of their ability to absorb petroleum products from water and contribute to the preservation of environmental infrastructure. Under the proposed mode of carbonization received hydrophobic sorbents. The analysis of the obtained results shows that carbon materials based on pine sawdust, obtained at a temperature of 300 °C for 8-10 minutes, have the best buoyancy – 97-100%. This can be explained by the fact that in the process of carbonization of cellulose-containing raw materials the last of the components of plant tissues decomposes lignin (active decomposition of lignin occurs in the temperature range 280-325 °C). As a result of research it is established that in the process of low-temperature one-stage carbonization of vegetable raw materials unauthorized hydrophobization of the sorbent surface is carried out. For fast and efficient collection of oil and oil products, the sorbent must have the maximum sorption rate, which will reduce the absorption time of pollutants. The highest sorption rate is shown by a mixture of pine sawdust carbonate: expanded graphite (50:50) and carbon material based on pine sawdust, which can be explained by the developed porous structure and surface chemistry of the materials.
Alcohol biofuels for internal combustion engine
Authors: Likhanov V A , Lopatin O P
Published: September 2020

The use of alcohol biofuel (BF) for internal combustion engines (ICE) is justified. Possible ways of using methanol (CH3OH), ethanol (C2H5OH), butanol (C4H9OH) and methyl ether are analyzed. Experimental characteristics on these alcohols and esters are presented and their ecological advantage in relation to diesel fuel (DF) is proved.
Assessing the condition and monitoring results of the high conservation value forests in the Totemsky District of Vologda Oblast on the leased parcel of forest land
Authors: Druzhinin F N , Druzhinin N A , Pilipko E N
Published: September 2020

For the rational and sustainable forest use, some representative (reference) areas of ecosystems being high conservation value forests within the leasing estate of Tolshmenskoe, LLC, were selected. After that, the monitoring study for the assessment of the forest breeding, environmental and medium stabilizing functions and the reproduction capacity of the preserved forest ecosystems was carried out. Within the ecosystems, six sample sites were drawn and the survey based on the standard forest ecology methods was performed. The objects of the study (sample sites) were shaped to cover the maximum of all types of forest communities available at the leasing estate. Generally, the monitoring observation showed that the arboreal plants growing in the studied sample sites featured high resistance. The forest formation process is continuous but requires some silvicultural practices, such as appropriate care to stimulate the domination of the economically valuable wood species.
Stone dust nanoparticles investigation and their role in the negative phenomena for mining workers formation
Authors: Aleksandrova A Yu , Timofeeva S S
Published: September 2020

In connection with the active production development and nanomaterials use, a new urgent task has appeared - the determination of the potential harm of nanoparticles to human health. This article analyses the influence of nanoparticles formed as a result of the extraction, processing and transportation of granite crushed stone. The paper presents data from an industrial survey of ventilation systems and the results of dust analysis of crushed stone production at the Angasolskoye field in the Irkutsk Region, which stands out at different stages of the technological cycle for producing granite crushed stone. Based on the results of the dispersion analysis of granite dust, functional dependences of the integral distribution over the equivalent size of dust particles are given. The main sources of small dust particles (nanoparticles) in the environment are determined.
The effect of washes on the offset rubber blanket
Authors: Zhuravleva G N , Syltanova Y M , Rovenskikh A A , Yamilinets Yu S
Published: September 2020

The recognition of the spectra of expendable materials for traditional convection offset printing is shown. The theoretical analysis (calculation) of thermodynamic compatibility and assessment of dynamics of interaction of various liquids with polymer that is part of offset blanket is carried out.
Investigation of the portion size of rapeseed oil for ethanol ignition in a diesel engine
Authors: Likhanov V A , Kozlov A N , Araslanov M I
Published: September 2020

Currently, the search for alternative renewable fuels for internal combustion engines is becoming strategic. At the same time, it is necessary to work on adapting and improving the design of power transport units, conduct research on optimizing the composition of fuels, their quality and safety, and improve the combustion process of fuels in the cylinder. Vegetable oil-based fuels and alcohol-based fuels are well established and widely distributed. Their valuable property is that when burned, they are less prone to the formation of toxic components and carcinogens. The purpose of this work was to analyze the characteristics of the diesel engine and the combustion process when working on ethanol and rapeseed oil when changing the ratio of cyclic feeds. At the same time, diesel fuel was not used and alcohol fuel was injected into the combustion chamber by a separate injector and ignited with a flame from the rapeseed oil. A 2F10,5/12,0 tractor diesel was upgraded to run on alternative fuels. The article presents the effective characteristics, indicator diagrams, the functions of heat dissipation and the average gas temperature at various portions of the rapeseed oil. The optimal relations portions of the fuels (ethanol and rapeseed oil) is established and justified.
Characteristics of biofuel combustion in a diesel engine
Authors: Fominykh A V , Kopchikov V N
Published: September 2020

In recent years, energy indepence from petroleum fuel has been of considerable interest in agriculture. In fact, occasional tightening of standards on toxic emissions combined with rising prices for diesel fuel, force scientists to look for alternative fuels. In this article, such fuels are represented by methyl alcohol, as the main fuel, and rapeseed oil methyl ether, as the fuel that is needed for the ignition of alcohol. The paper shows the characteristics of combusting these fuels in the diesel engine 2F 10.5/12.0 under various loading conditions when using a dual fuel system. The graphs of the indicator pressure and roughness of the combustion process during the operation of a diesel engine at a frequency corresponding to the nominal operation mode and maximum torque are presented. The article presents the analysis of the obtained diagrams and conclusions on the use of the above mentioned fuels in diesel engines.
Influence of crankshaft speed on biofuel combustion in a diesel engine
Authors: Fominykh A V , Kopchikov V N
Published: September 2020

At present, the use of renewable alternative fuels of non-petroleum origin has become a challenge. Primarily, this is due to the fact that oil resources are gradually being depleted, and their cost is growing proportionally every year. Switching to renewable fuels will reduce air pollution and ensure independence from crude oil. The article presented describes the results of bench tests of an air-cooled diesel engine 2F 10.5/12.0 running on methyl alcohol and methyl ether of rapeseed oil. Herewith, a dual fuel supply system was used. That allowed ensuring synchronous fuel feeding into the engine cylinder. The article also presents diagrams of indicator pressure, heat release and roughness of the combustion process of a diesel engine running on alternative fuels, depending on the change in the crankshaft speed. Along with this, positive environmental effects were also revealed in terms of the amount of toxic agents in the exhaust gases of a tractor diesel engine. Thus, there is a significant reduction in nitrogen oxides (by 47.4%) as compared to the diesel process, and the soot content in the exhaust gases has decreased by 10.42 times.
Heat release indicators when working on methanol
Authors: Toropov A E , Chuvashev A N
Published: September 2020

To study the features of the combustion process in a 2CH 10.5/12.0 diesel engine when working on methanol with a portion of diesel fuel in accordance with the purpose, research objectives and methodology, tests were conducted at the nominal speed mode at a speed of n = 1800 min−1and at the maximum torque mode at n = 1400 min−1. Indicator diagrams were taken at the optimal setting of the fuel injection angle, with a constant cyclic supply of diesel fuel and a cyclic supply of methanol, which ensures that the value of the average effective pressure is maintained at the level at which the experimental diesel was shown. Based on the results of processing indicator diagrams, heat release graphs were constructed, the analysis of which is presented in this article.
Environmental characteristics of the engine when running on methanol
Authors: Chuvashev A N , Chuprakov A I
Published: September 2020

The transport complex is the most important element of the country’s economic and social infrastructure. Among all types of transport, a special place belongs to the car, which is able to meet the needs of society in the transportation of goods and passengers with the greatest efficiency. The use of alcohols as an alternative fuel has long been a necessary phenomenon, since it allows you to save oil fuel and improve the environmental situation. In addition to alco&-hols, alternative motor fuels may include: petroleum gas, biogas, synthetic liquid fuels, generator gas, hydrogen, and dimethyl ether. The main factors determining the economic feasibility of switching to alternative fuels are the ratio of fuel prices. Vyatka agricultural Academy continues to study the impact of alcohol consumption on diesels when they are fed using a dual fuel supply system. The article presents the influence of alcohol consumption on toxic indicators.
Features of the use of methanol as adiesel fuel
Authors: Chuvashev A N , Chuprakov A I
Published: September 2020

The use of alcohols as motor fuel is very important both for saving fuel oil and for reducing the environmental burden. One of the most promising alcohol fuels for the internal combustion engine is methanol. Its production is possible from almost any raw material containing carbon, but the largest amount of methanol is produced in Russia from natural gas. There is an extensive raw material available for the production of methanol, and its cost is low compared to other alternative fuels. In addition, methanol can solve the problem of reducing the main, most toxic components of exhaust gases, nitrogen oxides and soot. Vyatka agricultural Academy continues to study the effect of alcohol consumption on diesel engines when they are fed with methanol using various methods. The article presents the features of using alcohol when it is used with the supply of an experimental portion of diesel fuel.
Features of the use of alcohols as additives to standard motor fuels
Authors: Chuprakov A I , Anfilatov A A , Chuvashev A N
Published: September 2020

The use of emulsified motor fuels with the addition of alcohols to improve the environmental performance of the engine and reduce the use of standard fuels. Features of the use of emulsified fuels. Based on the research work on the use of various alcohols as an alternative motor fuel for various internal combustion engines, a number of conclusions were drawn about the formation, characteristics of the process of evaporation and combustion of emulsified fuels. This article presents a part of theoretical studies when using alcohol in the form of a fuel emulsion with standard fuel as an alternative motor fuel. The processes of injection, heating, evaporation, the formation of foci of self-ignition and the passage of chain reactions during the burning of alternative emulsified alcohol motor fuels with an ethanol content of up to 30% are considered. Methods and features of preparing changes in the physical properties of emulsified alcohol-containing motor fuels are considered.
The dynamic analysis of atmospheric air quality and the reasons for its change in the Russian Federation
Authors: Zaitseva N V , Kleyn S V , Vekovshinina S A , Andrishunas A M
Published: September 2020

The study concerns the problem of analyzing the quality of ambient air in the Russian Federation over the past twenty years and determining the causes that influence its change. It is shown that the air quality in urban and rural settlements improves, despite the absence of sustainable positive dynamics in reducing gross emissions of stationary and mobile sources. To explain this phenomenon, it has been suggested that as a result of the spatial redistribution of the location of the emissions sources, residential, recreational and other standardized zones, the sources of exposure to atmospheric air are removed from the places of population. The main substances that affect the atmospheric air quality in the Russian Federation are benzo(a)pyrene, ethylbenzene, carbon, suspended solids, hydrogen fluoride, mercury, hydroxybenzene, hydrogen sulfide, carbon monoxide and acrolein. The study showed that atmospheric pollution with benzo(a)pyrene decreased 3.14 times, with suspended solids 9.36 times, with carbon monoxide 9.28 times, and with hydroxybenzene 8.74 times. There was a reduction in exposure of carbon monoxide emissions (by 1.236 million tons, VOCs (by 580 thousand tons) and nitrogen oxides (by 297 thousand tons). The quality of ambient air and its change in the Russian Federation was influenced by a number of natural and anthropogenic factors such as adverse weather conditions for dispersion of impurities in the atmosphere, forest fires, industrial accidents and disasters, implementation of planning decisions on the territory of urban and rural settlements, allowing to place emission sources into the ambient air at the necessary distance from residential areas, and to implement the principle of distance protection and etc.
Analysis of heat release characteristics when working on methanol
Authors: Chuvashev A N , Toropov A E
Published: September 2020

Existing and currently being upgraded simplified models of the internal combustion engine workflow have very limited capabilities in terms of describing the fuel combustion process. Gorenje it is known that the most important means of studying the combustion in diesel fuel is the analysis of the indicator diagram for heat release. By analyzing the shape of the indicator chart, you can get information about the process of heat release during fuel combustion. The heat release characteristic is a function of the amount of heat released in the cylinder, from the angle of rotation of the crankshaft or time. The heat release characteristics are expressed in different ways: as a dependency of the absolute amount of heat from the current corner p.c.v., the integrated characteristic or the so-called dependence of heat release rate — differential characteristic. In most cases, the characteristics of relative heat release are used, rather than absolute. Vyatka agricultural Academy continues to study the impact of alcohol consumption in diesel engines when they are fed using a dual fuel supply system. The article presents the effect of methanol consumption on the characteristics of heat release.
The effect of ethanol on the environmental performance of a diesel engine
Authors: Likhanov V A , Chuvashev A N , Chuprakov A I
Published: September 2020

The article is devoted to the use of ethanol-fuel emulsion as an alternative energy carrier in tractor diesel 4CH 11,0/12,5. In the Vyatka state agricultural Academy on the basis of the Department of heat engines, cars and tractors, a diesel engine was developed to work on ethanol-fuel emulsion. The article substantiates the possibility of establishing the maximum permissible concentration of ethanol in the emulsion for this diesel, it is 25% of the total fuel and provides sufficient conditions for the organization of a stable combustion process without skipping ignition. Experimental studies of the working process of diesel when working on ethanol-fuel emulsion determined the values of the main environmental indicators.
The study of the properties of ethanol-fuel emulsions with the use of supplements targeted actions
Authors: Chuvashev A N , Chuprakov A I
Published: September 2020

Internal combustion engines play a significant role in environmental pollution. In large cities, they are one of the main sources of toxic substances released into the atmosphere. One of the main tasks, along with improving the economic performance of diesels, is to reduce the toxcity of their exhaust gases. For these purposes, it is necessary to study the operation of diesels using alternative fuels. However, their use usually requires significant changes in the design of engines compared to diesels running on petroleum fuel. To study the main performance properties of ethanol-fuel emulsions as a substitute for petroleum fuels in the conditions of expanding the raw material base of automobile fuels and simultaneously reducing their negative impact on the environment, the Vyatka agricultural Academy continues to study the impact of alcohol use in diesels when they are fed using emulsions. The article presents the results of the research.
Assessment of crop production quality in case of technogenic soil contamination
Authors: Khusnidinov Sh K , Zamaschikov R V , Dmitriev N N , Butyrin V , Sosnitskaya T N
Published: September 2020

The article considers the degree of arsenic, cadmium and lead contamination in soils of the municipal settlement the city of Svirsk, Irkutsk region. The responses of various types of agricultural plants to contamination by arsenic, cadmium and lead and their accumulation in green mass and fruits is presented. All cultivated plants accumulate arsenic, cadmium and lead, their content exceeds the maximum available concentration (MPC) and cannot be used for food production, as well as for feeding farm animals. The highest content of arsenic, cadmium and lead was observed in vegetable crops: red beet (Beta vulgaris), cucumber (Cucumis sativus), onion (Allium cepa), pea (Pisum sativum), lettuce (Acetaria), garlic (Allium sativum), potato (Solanum tuberosum), tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), as well as in the green mass of feed crops: alfalfa (Medicago sativa), elytrigia (Elytrigia repens), Hungarian sainfoin (Onobrychis arenaria), highlander spread (Polygonum divaricatum), Turkish wartycabbage (Bunias orientalis). Indicator plants include red beet (Beta vulgaris), excluder plants - potato (Solanum tuberosum), accumulator plants - Turkish wartycabbage (Buniasorientalis). The authors propose that all used agricultural land be withdrawn from agriculture and preserved.
A comparative study of various light source influences on the plants regenerative potential using Populus berolinensis root explants as an example
Authors: Pavlichenko V V , Protopopova M V , Voinikov V K
Published: September 2020

The paper presents the results of a comparative study of the effects of three light source types on micropropagation efficiency of Berlin poplar (Populus berolinensis). As a model explant type for regeneration root segments were used. Three types of light sources were compared: fluorescent cool white light lamps LED-based purple (red+blue) light phyto lamps and LED-based neutral white light phyto lamps. The poplar regeneration was more effective under fluorescent lamp illumination treatment then at both types of LED phyto lamps. Among two studied LED light sources, the best result was obtained for white light lamps. The quantity and size of regenerants obtained under LED white light lamps illumination were comparable with those got under fluorescence lamps. The least regeneration efficiency was observed under the purple light LED lamps illumination with a limited spectrum range of emitted light. Nevertheless, in case of discontinuation of fluorescent lamps due to the policy of efficient energy consumption and environment protection optimized LED phyto lamps illumination has prospects in micropropagation of plants.
Comprehensive analysis of exhaust gas toxicity of heat engines and methods for neutralizing nitrogen oxides
Authors: Skryabin M L , Likhanov V A , Poyarkov M S
Published: September 2020

These studies are devoted to assessing the impact of exhaust gases of internal combustion engines on the environment and methods for neutralizing nitrogen oxides. With intensive urbanization and the growth of megacities, road transport has become the most adverse environmental factor in protecting human health and the environment. The formation of toxic substances-products of incomplete combustion of hydrocarbon fuel and compounds of atomic nitrogen with oxygen in the engine cylinder during combustion occurs in fundamentally different ways. Only a comprehensive analysis of this issue will allow us to develop new promising ways to reduce the toxicity of exhaust gases.
The effect of gold mining on developmental instability in leaves of Betula platyphylla (Betulaceae) and Populus tremula (Salicaceae)
Authors: Korotchenko I S , Pervyshina G G , Muchkina E Ya , Khizhnyak S V , Medvedeva V A
Published: September 2020

Leaf fluctuating asymmetry (FA) of Betula platyphylla (Betulaceae) and Populus tremula (Salicaceae) statistically significantly increased in the neighborhood with gold mining plant owned by gold mining holding Seligdar (Aldansky District of the Sakha Republic, Russia). The effect of distance from gold mining plant on the FA of both species can be described by power function with coefficients of determination of 0.9997 for B. platyphylla and 1.0000 for P. tremula. In terms of developmental stability P. tremula is statistically significantly more susceptible to environmental stress caused by gold mining than B. platyphylla. At a distance of 100 m from the gold mining plant FA of P. tremula is 1.8 times higher than FA of B. platyphylla whereas at a distance of a 1000 m and 2000 m from the plant FA of both species is equal.
Bacteriological profile in falcon-like birds under aviary captive conditions
Authors: Pimenov N V , Konstantinov A V , Pavlova A V
Published: September 2020

Bacteriological studies of material from the pharynx and cloaca from clinically healthy saker falcons and eastern imperial eagles under aviary captive conditions were carried out. Indicated are eleven cultures of pathogenic and conditionally-pathogenic microorganisms represented in the association. Microscopic examination of blood in erythrocytes revealed hemosporidia. Conducted macro – and microscopic, as well as helminthological study of feces. The invasion rate was 32.6%. Revealed 2 types of helminths. The obtained results may indicate persistent carriage of the causative factor of infections and the formation of foci of helminthiases and haemosporidia.
The influence of crop predecessor and chemicalization levels on grain quality and spring wheat productivity
Authors: Zaitsev A M , Kovalenko I N
Published: September 2020

The research purpose is to assess the influence of predecessor and chemization levels on grain quality and spring wheat productivity. The research was conducted in 2018-2019 in the forest-steppe zone of the Irkutsk region on gray forest soil on the experimental field of the Irkutsk Scientific Research Institute of Agriculture. The two-factor experiment scheme included predecessors: pure steam; annual grasses (pea-oat mixture) and corn, as well as chemization levels: without fertilizers; mineral fertilizer N45P45K45 (diammophosca and ammonium nitrate); mineral fertilizer N45P45K45 and herbicides. The highest productivity of spring wheat grain of 2.62-2.82 t / ha was obtained by pure steam. Compared with its predecessor, corn productivity growth was 0.38-0.76 t / ha, compared with annual grasses – 0.65-0.99 t/ha. The increase from fertilizers is reliable and its value is higher for non-fallow predecessors for corn 0.36-0.38 t / ha, for annual grasses 0.33-0.34 t / ha. The grain productivity was 62-93% dependent on the predecessor and 3-28% on the chemization level. The placement of wheat in pure steam increased the grain nature by 35-40 g, the glassiness content by 1.6-2.2%, and the gluten content by 3.4-6.0% compared to non-steam predecessors. The share of the influence of the predecessor on the grain quality is 67-92%, the share of the influence of the chemization level is 3-10% and the interaction of factors accounts for 2-8%. The application of mineral fertilizers increases the gross grain harvest, but reduces the profitability compared to the non-winded background for all predecessors.
Floristic findings of new and rare plants in the city of Abakan, 2 (Republic of Khakassiya, Russian Federation)
Authors: Antipova E M , Chebotaryova O P
Published: September 2020

The city of Abakan is an urban district, the capital of a constituent entity of the Russian Federation of the Republic of Khakassiya, with a population of 171.2 thousand people. According to the botanical and geographical zoning of L. M. Cherepnin, the city of Abakan is located in the Pryabakan valley steppe (S1) in the central part of the Khakass-Minusinsk basin at an altitude of 250 m above sea level at the mouth of the river Abakan. Despite the fact that the territory of the Republic of Khakassia has been sufficiently studied botanically, information on the current state, structure and species composition of the flora of the city of Abakan remains far from complete, which served as the basis for in-depth studies of its vegetation cover. The aim of the work was to identify the flora of the city of Abakan and new and rare species of plants in it. Floristic fees in the city were held from 2016 to 2019 by the method of model areas (MA) of the urbanized landscape. For the Republic of Khakassia, as a result of field studies of 11 MA within the administrative borders of the city of Abakan, new and rare plant species were found and first identified: 1 new species for Siberia (Potentilla pimpinelloides L.), 2 new species for the Republic of Khakassia (Dianthus deltoides L., Potamogeton obtusifolius Mert. et WDI Koch.) And additional locations for 6 rare species in the city of Abakan (Lilium pumilum Delile, Oxytropis ammophila Turcz., Rosa spinosissima L., Stuckenia filiformis (Pers.) Boern., Taraxacum bessarabicum (Horn) Hand.-Mazz., Myricaria bracteata Royle.).
Comparison of the effect of various drugs on the survival rate of hop cuttings
Authors: Dementiev D , Ivanova I , Fadeev A
Published: September 2020

In the territory of modern Russia over the previous 40 years, the production of hops has decreased tenfold. Since hop raw materials are in demand in the world community and in Russia, the government is taking measures to support the revival of hop production as an increase in agricultural production. In this regard, albeit extremely slowly, but, the interest of individual agricultural enterprises in hop seedlings begins to increase. There is a shortage of planting material. In the production of seedlings, one of the main problems is the survival rate of hop cuttings (on average over the years - 50-55%). Among other reasons, the incidence of rooted hop cuttings is of great importance. To increase the yield of standard hop seedlings, various preparations are being tested at the Chuvash Research Institute of Agriculture, which reduce the damage to cuttings by external factors and increase the percentage of their survival. The article presents data on tests of biological fungicides and growth stimulators, not previously studied on hops, for 2 years of research.
Cytostructure of the radial parenchyma of annual shoots of wild species of Meyer’s currant (Ribes Meyeri Maxim.)
Authors: Bakhtaulova A S , Karipbayeva R K
Published: September 2020

This article presents the results of the anatomical structure of the radial parenchyma of the annual shoots of the Meyer’s currant, grown in conditions of high Jungar Alatau In the anatomical structure of the stem Meyer’s currants ray parenchyma is represented mainly by single rays, two - and three-row rays are few. This study provides a theoretical basis for microclonal propagation of wild currants.
The effectiveness of nitrogen fertilizers and nutrition systems for the winter wheat cultivation using no-till technology in the Stavropol Territory arid zone
Authors: Esaulko A N , Ozheredova A Y , Golosnoy E V , Mel’nikov D A , Vdovydchenko I Y
Published: September 2020

The article presents materials on the effectiveness of nitrogen fertilizers in the nutrition system for the winter wheat cultivation using no-till technology in the Stavropol Territory arid zone for 2017-2019. As a result of the studies, it was found that all the studied doses of mineral fertilizers relative to the control option (without fertilizers) on average increased the content of nitrate (by 0.9-10.4 mg / kg) and ammonia nitrogen in the soil (by 0, 2-6.7 mg / kg) during the vegetation phases. The urea ammonium nitrate (UAN) application using Duport liquilazer contributed to an increase in the nitrate and ammonium nitrogen content in the soil layer of 0-20 cm in all phases of the winter wheat development in comparison with similar experimental options in which nitrogen fertilizers were applied using a sprayer. According to the two years research results, a steady advantage of the intra-soil application of UAN using Duport liquilazer was noticed and the difference in yield, depending on the variant, was 0.15-0.25 t / ha. However, the more effective option was the introduction of UAN N20 autumn + UAN N87 spring + water-soluble organic substance 20:20:20 (2kg / ha) + water-soluble organic substance 20:20:20 (2kg / ha) Duport liquilazer, which allowed to obtain a yield of 4.66 tons / ha.
Vitamin value assessment of fruits and berries in the Central Black Earth Region (CBER) by the level of biologically active substances in the wild analogues
Authors: Morgacheva N V , Zakharov V L , Petrisheva T Yu , Sotnikova E B
Published: September 2020

The fruits of all wild plants were gathered in Tambov, Lipetsk and Voronezh regions. The following research methods were used: thermogravimetric, titrimetric, photometric. Fruit weight of cultivars is 2.8 (the cherry) – 54.2 (the strawberry) times bigger than the fetal weight of wild related species. The rowan, the apple, the pear, the plum, the hawthorn, the current, the blackberry, the raspberry and the apricot are in the range. The selection of fruit and berries of the Central Black Earth Region provided: the reduction of organic acid by a factor of 1.8-6.9 in the fruits of the apple, the pear, the hawthorn, the briar, the cherry, the blackberry, the raspberry, the guilder rose, the apricot; the rise of ascorbic acid by a factor of 1.5-10 in the fruits of the rowan, the apple, the briar, the blackberry, the raspberry, the guilder rose, the apricot; the rise of β – carotene by a factor of 1.5-10 in the fruits of the apples, the hawthorn, the briar, the cherry, the current and the blackberry; the rise of anthocyans by the factor of 2-26.8 in the fruits of the rowan, the apple, the pear, the hawthorn, the briar, the black current, the blackberry, the guilder rose, the strawberry and the apricot; the rise of flavonols by the factor of 1.5-13.7 in the fruits of the apple, the rowan, the pear, the plum, the briar; the rise of catechins by a factor of 2.4-827 in the fruits of the apple, the rowan, the pear, the plum, the hawthorn, the briar, the current, the blackberries, the raspberry, the guilder rose, the apricot; the percentage rise of solids by a factor of 1.5 in the fruits of the cherry and the apricot; the rise of tannins and colorants by the factor of 1.5-3.2 in the fruits of the rowan, the hawthorn and the apricot; the rise of the tanninum by the factor of 3.1-3.5 in the fruits of the rowan and the hawthorn as well as increasing in the amount of carotenoids by the factor of 1.5 in the fruits of the raspberry. The rise of solids, carotinoids, tannins and colorants including tanninum content in the fruit and berries turned out to be the most complicated for research results of fruit and berry selection.
Assessment of winter triticale genotypes in the selection of grain-feed varieties for the foothill zone of the Central Caucasus
Authors: Manukyan I R , Miroshnikova E S
Published: September 2020

The article presents the results of evaluation of winter triticale initial material for economically valuable traits for grain and forage areas breeding varieties. The object of research were winter triticale cultivars of different ecological and geographical origin: Hortenso, Moderato (Poland), Prader (Switzerland), TGI 22/1, GR-16/2 (Russia), 88 T 142 KS (USA). Grade Valentin 90The was taken as standard. Statistical methods for evaluating grades plasticity and stability as well as plant productivity index (PPI) were used to assess the genotypes adaptability. It is specified that yields above 1 t/ha on average over the three years showed the following cultivars: Moderato (1,05 t/ha), GR 16/2 (1,14 t/ha) and Hortenso (1.19 t/ha). The following cultivars: Valentin 90 (13,2), Hortenso (12,7), GR 16/2 (13,5), Moderato (11,6) were highly productive according to PPI. In terms of ecological plasticity varieties were divided into groups: the value of bi close to one – varieties well adapted to the conditions of the region (Prader, Hortenso, GR 16/2), extensive varieties – bi less than unity (KS 88 T 142), intensive varieties – bi is greater than unity (Valentin 90, TGI 22/1, Moderato). In terms of homeostasis and breeding values the cultivars were distributed in the following order: Hortenso, GR-16/2, Valentin 90, Prader, TGI 22/1, Moderato, KS 88 T 142. Additional data obtained by the provocative sloping sites to determine the potential productivity and aftergrowth capacity. The best regeneration ability showed the following cultivars: Hortenso, GR 16/2, Moderato, Prader.
Technology of the application of microbial preparations on ordinary chernozem soil in the zone of unstable moistening of the Central Ciscaucasia
Authors: Faizova V I , Tskhovrebov S V , Lysenko V Y , Novikov A A
Published: September 2020

Studies were conducted in the zone of unstable moistening of the Central Ciscaucasia in the ordinary chernozem carbonate according to the scheme: 1. control 2. KBP-standard; 3. KBP – innovative; 4. PCM; 5. KMP-92. According to the traditional technology was carried out treatment of seeds before sowing and maize plants in the phase of 3-4 leaves and flowering, and on the proposed produce and processing of the soil. Revealed that the number of aerobic nitrogen-fixing bacteria on control in phase 3-4 sheet amounted to 21.1 thousand CFU/1 g, and in the flowering stage 76.3 thousand CFU/1 g and increased with the application of KBP-book standard respectively 2.2 and 1.7 times, KBP – innovative 1.9 and 1.6 times, PCM 2.1 and 1.4 times and the PCM-92 – 1.7 and 1.4 times. The lowest values have on the phase of wax ripeness. The number of ammonifying control in the phase of 3-4 leaves was 55 million CFU/1 g. and has increased as a result of the application of biopreparations in 1,4-1,6 times. In the flowering stage, the number of ammonifying control increased to 259 million CFU/1 g and increased by different versions from 1.6 to 1.7 times. Similar changes can be traced in the number of nitrifying microorganisms. The yield of corn for grain was lowest on control (of 4.07 t/ha), increased more than conventional technology, the embodiment with the use of KBP-S 24.1 %, and the proposed technology with the use of KMP-92 - 31.4%.
Organization of keeping animals in the aviary
Authors: Moiseeva T A
Published: September 2020

The article is devoted to the rules of keeping animals in aviaries. The conditions of keeping animals in zoos and the organization of their care are considered. It is said that the premises for the maintenance of wild animals should provide their biological, species and individual needs, the cubic capacity of the premises should ensure the freedom of movement of animals, the presence of sufficient air and light. The minimum norms of the area of the premises for keeping wild animals and cells sizes for the cellular keeping of animals are given, factors affecting the optimal microclimate in the rooms for animals are listed. The methods of maintaining cleanliness in aviaries, methods of caring for the skin and hair of animals, as well as the features of bathing animals are examined in detail. It is stated that a prerequisite for keeping animals in captivity is the presence of a veterinary service or a doctor, their responsibilities are listed, the rules for calculating the standard number of staff of veterinary specialists for the annual volume of veterinary work in zoo are given.
Antibiotic resistance of microorganisms isolated from a Baikal seal
Authors: Pliska A A , Ryadinskaya N I , Batomunkuev A S , Ponomarev D A
Published: September 2020

The article presents the results of microbiological studies of the material taken from the seals’ corpses. The authors studied the taxonomic characteristics of microorganisms, their virulence and antibiotic resistance. It has been established that the following types of microorganisms are found in the seal: Citrobacter braakii, S. warneri, S. aureus, Escherichia coli serotypes O2, O18 and O39, Lactobacillus sakei, Aguamicrobium lusatiense. All pathogens isolated from the gastrointestinal tract were sensitive to 52.6% of antibiotics (ampicillin, cefuroxime, cefixime, gentamicin, amikacin, ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, furadonin, Ceftriaxone) and resistant to 15.8% of antibiotics, two representatives of cephalosporins (cefaclor and ceftazidim) and ticarcillin. Conditionally pathogenic enterobacteria (Citrobacter braakii and Escherichia coli) isolated from muscles and liver were sensitive to all antibiotics.
Species composition and distribution of blood-sucking Diptera insects of the Tyumen region
Authors: Khlyzova T A , Fiodorova O A
Published: September 2020

As a result of the analysis of literature data and materials from many years of our research, 108 species and 1 subspecies of blood-sucking dipterous insects were found to live in the Tyumen region. The horsefly fauna consists of 35 species and 1 subspecies belonging to 6 genera, blood-sucking mosquitoes are represented by 40 species of 5 genera, blood-sucking midges - 16 species of 10 genera, blood-sucking biting midges - 17 species of the 1st genus. The greatest species diversity is characteristic of the subzone of small-leaved aspen-birch forests, where 95 species and 1 subspecies are found. To date, the fauna of dipterans subzones of the middle taiga remains poorly studied. The group of dominants in the southern taiga is represented by horsefliesH. ciureai, H. bimaculata, H. muehlfeldiandH. pluvialis, mosquitoesA. cantans, midgesB. maculatusandS. pusilla, wood liceC. punctatus. In the subzone of small-leaved aspen-birch forests,horseflies T. bromius, A. fulvus, A. rusticus, H. ciureai, H. bimaculata, H. pluvialisandH. subcylindrica, mosquitoesA. cinereusandA. cantans, midgesB. maculatusandS. pusilla, woodlicesC. punctatus. The dominant species in the forest-steppe zone are horsefliesT. bromius, T. bovinus,H. ciureai, H. bimaculata, H. pluvialisandH. subcylindrica, mosquitoesA. punctorandA. cantans, midgesB. maculatus, S. pusillaandB. erythrocephala, woodlicesC. punctatus.
Growth and development of Kochia prostrate (L.) Schrad in the extraordinary year in the north desert of Atyrau region in Kazakhstan
Authors: Mukhambetov B , Abdinov R , Alzhanova R , Kadasheva Zh
Published: September 2020

A system of agriculture is being developed to accumulate and preserve moisture in soil strips (5-10 cm wide, 5 cm deep, repeated every 50-55 cm in virgin soil untouched by vegetation), treated by surface raking of the loose seedbed layer to form a solid compacted bed, where an ideal condition for seed germination is created. With a favorable combination of weather and climatic conditions, this variant provides an optimal fullness of seedlings and a fairly high fruit-bearing weight of 3.9 t/ha on average for four years, including 4,8 tons in 2019. However, in extraordinary 2019-2020 crop year with extremely low precipitation (2,7 times lower than average annual norms), with the warm winter and spring (100 more than the average annual norm), incredibly intense droughts and dust storms (average of 18-19 days a month vs 4-5 mean annual norm) wind erosion dominated and dictated terms everywhere: furrows, sown with seeds of Summer Cypress were completely covered with drifts of dust with a thickness of 2-3 cm, under which the seedlings could not break through to the surface of the soil and died. In the cultivar keeping nursery, where seeds were sown directly without tillage and 15 PCs/m2 of seedlings were obtained only in the dust-inspired areas that make up one third of the area (400 m2).
Adaptive anti-oxidative responses to chronic exposure to stress-signaling molecule, oxidized cell-free DNA, in rat neural cells
Authors: Filev A D , Kostyuk S V , Pisarev V M , Tabakov V Yu , Umriukhin P E
Published: September 2020

Stress is an adaptation reaction to harmful environment changes. Both oxidized and non-oxidized cell-free DNA (oxo-cfDNA and no-cfDNA) liberating from damaged cells possesses a characteristic of stress-molecules. CfDNA molecules modified by oxidation exhibit more oxidative (increasing 8-oxodG in DNA) and antioxidative (enhanced transcription ofNRF2and NRF2-dependent genes) activities than no-cfDNA in non-neural cell cultures. Whether the oxo-cfDNA molecules affect brain cells under different regimens of treatment that may mimic multiple, chronically applied stressful insults remained unclear. We studied if multiple stimulations of nervous system cells with oxidized cfDNA may further augment the DNA oxidative damage by inducing 8-oxodG modifications, and increase antioxidantHmox1gene expression and the NRF2 protein level in a primary cell culture of rat cerebellum (RCC). We found that daily treatment of RCC with oxo-cfDNA for 3 days increased accumulation of 8-oxodG in intracellular DNA, activated transcription ofHmox1gene and enhanced the NRF2 protein content. However, after eleven-day daily treatment, the opposite effect was observed, in which 8-oxodG level in intracellular DNA andHmox1gene expression and NRF2 protein level in cerebellar cells were significantly decreased. Therefore, under subchronic, 3-day regimen of treatment, oxidized cfDNA further augmented accumulation of 8-oxodG in cellular DNA and promoted activation of the antioxidant system whereas its 11-day chronic action decreased both activities presumably due to inducing tolerance to stress-signaling via overactivation and/or exhaustion of molecular targets of oxo-cfDNA in cerebellar cells.
Study of the influence of external factors on the inheritance of forms of dissociants Pseudomonas mandelii
Authors: Vafina G Kh , Stupak E E
Published: September 2020

In the course of studying the phase variations of the Pseudomonas mandellii strain IB-Ki14, the pH of the medium was found to be the main factor inducing the switching of dissociants on LB medium. Dissociants of the P. mandellii strain IB-Ki14 are stably inherited at pH 5.0-6.0. Dissociant cells differed in antioxidant and protease-producing abilities. In general, matte colony cells had higher antioxidant and proteolytic activity. At the same time, the cells of the mucous colonies had a higher extracellular Arg-X protease activity compared to the matte ones and, accordingly, were able to hydrolyze a larger amount of protein from the nutrient medium. An analysis of the Arg-X protease activity of the dissociant cell fractions revealed differences at the level of 0.35 M NaCl fraction (loosely bound to the cell residue), which is quite possibly associated with the localization of proteolysis in a specific subcellular region, which allows spatial control of the content of regulatory proteins.
The influence of green-manured and complete fallow on soil fertility and wheat productivity in Tuva
Authors: Zhulanova V N , Ulyanova O A , Zharova T F , Sambuu A D
Published: September 2020

The influence of complete, seeded, and green manured fallows on the chemical and agrophysical properties of dark chestnut soil in the conditions of the forest steppe of Tuva is studied. It was determined that the humus content in green manured fallows increased by 0.13%–0.64% during rotation. It was revealed that various types of fallows do not have a strong effect on the density of composition and structural composition of dark chestnut soil. The highest biological activity of soils is observed in crop rotations with green manured and complete manured fallows with organic fertilizers. It was determined that complete manured fallow with manure and green manured fallows increase spring wheat yield.