bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
TÜRKİYE EKONOMİSİNİN YAPISAL DÖNÜŞÜM SÜRECİ VE BU SÜRECİN DOĞURDUĞU İŞGÜCÜ PİYASASI UYUMSUZLUĞU SORUNU
Authors: Yıldız Kemal
Published: October 2018

Gelişen bir ekonomi olan
Türkiye Ekonomisi, doğal olarak yapısal bir dönüşüm geçirmektedir. Toplam
sektördeki tarımsal sektörün payı günden güne azalmakla birlikte, sanayi
sektöründe belli büyüklükte bir genişleme meydana gelmiş, en fazla genişleme
ise hizmet sektöründe olmuştur. Emeğini arz edenler çoğunlukla hizmetler
sektörüne yönelmiştir. Sanayi ve hizmet sektörüne ait organizasyonlar çoğunlukla
kentlerde olduğundan, bu dönüşüm beraberinde kırsaldan kente göçü getirmiştir.
Göçle gelen bu kitlenin mesleki nitelikleri sanayi ve hizmet sektörlerine ait
organizasyonlarda çalışmak için uygun olmadığı için bu kişilerin yeni
sektörlere adaptasyonları uzun sürmüştür. Gelişen Türk Ekonomisi ihtiyaç
duyduğu işgücünü karşılamada halen zorluk çekmekte, işverenler istediği işçiyi,
iş arayanlar ise arzuladıkları işi bulamamaktadır. Bu durum yapısal işsizlik
olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Ülkenin örgün ve yaygın mesleki eğitim kapasitesi
ile istihdam kurum/kuruluşları bu olumsuzluğu gidermekte yetersiz kalmaktadır.
Bu çalışmada, yapısal dönüşümün boyutları Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu verileri
üzerinden, oluşturduğu yapısal işsizlik problemi de ampirik bir araştırma
üzerinden incelenmiştir. Problemlere ilişkin çözüm önerileri sunulmuştur.
TOPSIS VE K-MEDOIDS YÖNTEMLERİYLE KARAR VERME: R PROGRAMLAMA DİLİ İLE MÜŞTERİ GERİ KAZANMA UYGULAMASI
Authors: Esen M.fevzi , Bilgiç Emrah
Published: October 2018

Büyük işletmeler, kendisinden ayrılan ve rakip işletmelere geçen eski müşterilerine yönelik gerikazanma faaliyetleri düzenleyeceği zaman, kârlılığa en çok katkı yapan müşterileri tercih etmektedir. Bu seçim, çoğu zaman maliyet ve zaman kısıtları altında birçok değişkenin aynı anda değerlendirilmesini gerektirmektedir. TOPSIS yöntemi, çok kriterli problemler için oluşturulmuş bir karar verme tekniği olup, tedarikçi ve kuruluş yeri seçimi, üretim sistemleri, pazarlama yönetimi, sağlık,güvenlik ve çevre yönetimi gibi geniş bir uygulama alanında kullanılmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, bir telekomünikasyon işletmesinin rakip firmalara geçen 1145 müşterisine ait ses, veri ve katma değerliservilerle alakalı kullanım bilgileri TOPSIS yöntemi ile analiz edilmiştir. Elde edilen TOPSIS skorları işletme kârlılığına katkı sağlayan en değerli müşterileri tespit etmek amacıyla, k-medoids (k-ortaylar)kümeleme algoritması kullanılarak dört segmente ayrılmıştır. Çalışma sonucunda, dört segmenteayrılan müşterilerden üçüncü segmentte yer alan toplam 37 müşteri altın müşteri olarak tespit edilmiş ve geri kazanma faaliyetlerine bu müşterilerden başlanması gerektiği ortaya çıkmıştır.
ALCOHOL, CRIME AND SUICIDE: EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE FROM OECD COUNTRIES
Authors: ARTAÇ ÖZDAL Macide , KIRIKKALELİ Zeynep
Published: October 2018

Alcohol, a legal psychoactive substance in many
countries, is associated with both physical and mental wellbeing. Besides
diseases, such as liver cirrhosis, cardiovascular diseases, digestive system
cancers, alcohol has been shown to be associated with a number of social
problems, involving crime and suicide. This study aimed to investigate the long-run
and causal linkages between suicide, alcohol and crime for 15 OECD countries.
Panel co-integration, FMOLS, DOLS, and the Panel Granger causality tests were
implemented. The empirical findings revealed that (i) there is a positive
linkage between alcohol consumption and crime rate and between crime rate and
suicide rate in the long run ;(ii) there is also feedback causality between
alcohol consumption and crime rate and between crime rate and suicide rate.
NATO VE RUSYA ARASINDA TÜRKİYE’NİN GÜVENLİK ALGILAMASI: S-400 KRİZİ ÖRNEĞİ
Authors: YİĞİTTEPE Levent
Published: October 2018

Son dönemde başta
küresel terörizm olmak üzere yeni tehditlerle mücadele edebilmenin devletlerin
ancak aralarında yapacakları güçlü bir işbirliği sayesinde mümkün olabileceği
anlaşılmaktadır. Bu çerçevede oluşan yeni ittifakların da dönemin yeni
tehditleri ve güvenlik sorunları kapsamında geliştiğini söylemek mümkündür. Bu
bağlamda NATO’nun bekleneni verememesi başta Türkiye olmak üzere diğer ittifak
üyeleri tarafından da sorgulanmasına neden olmuştur. NATO’nun yeniden sorgulanması
Türkiye’ye kendi güvenlik politikalarını oluşturma fırsatı tanıdığı
görülmüştür. Aynı zamanda Türkiye’yi yaşamış olduğu terör saldırıları ve sınır
güvenliği sorunları yeni ikili ittifak arayışlarına yöneltmiştir. Bu kapsamda NATO’dan
istediği desteği alamayan Türkiye’nin yüzünü Rusya’ya çevirdiği görülmektedir. Çalışmada
Türkiye’nin özellikle NATO’dan kopmadan bölgesindeki ülkelerle nasıl bir
işbirliğine gitmeye çalıştığı Rusya’dan alınacak S-400 hava savunma sistemleri
örneği ile analiz edilerek gösterilecektir. Son tahlilde ise NATO ve Rusya
arasında kalan Türkiye’nin güvenlik alanında nasıl bir denge politikası içinde hareket
etmesi gerektiği ve ulusal güvenlik sorunlarına nasıl bir çözüm bulunabileceği İttifak
içinden ayrılmadan sunulmaya çalışılacaktır.
ENDÜSTRİ 4.0'I TÜRKİYE'NİN DIŞ TİCARETİ İÇİN BİR FIRSAT PENCERESİNE DÖNÜŞTÜRMEK
Authors: NUROĞLU Elif , NUROĞLU Hüseyin Hayri
Published: October 2018

Dünyada pek çok ülke 2010 yılından itibaren Endüstri 4.0
hazırlıklarını ivmeli bir şekilde sürdürürken, bu dönüşüme ayak uyduramamak
Türkiye’nin dış ticareti üzerindeki rekabet baskısını artırıcı bir etki
yapacaktır. Bir yandan ülke içinde üretilemeyen akıllı makine ve sistemlerin
ithal edilmesi gerekecek, diğer yandan da dünya pazarlarına dijital dünyanın
ihtiyacı olan ürün ve hizmetleri sunamamaktan kaynaklı olarak ihracat hacmi
düşecektir. Tahminlere göre 2030 yılında küresel ticaret hacminin yarısı akıllı
nesnelerin iletişimini kullanacaktır. Akıllı üretim sistemini yakalayamayan
ülkelerin küresel ticaret pastasından hatırı sayılır bir pay alamayacağı da
aşikardır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, Endüstri 4.0 ile birlikte dünyada ve Türkiye’de
yaşanacak olan değişimin Türkiye imalat sanayii ve dış ticaret dengesine olası
etkilerini teorik bir çerçeve içinde incelemektir. Makale, TÜSİAD- BCG (2016)
ve TÜBİTAK (2016) tarafından yapılan anket sonuçları ışığında sanayide dijital
dönüşüm başarı ile gerçekleştiği takdirde Türkiye’nin dış ticaret yapısı ve
dengesine muhtemel katkılarını irdeleyecektir.
Companion Animals in Childhood and Emerging Adulthood: The Relation to Emerging Adult Development
Authors: Siebenbruner Jessica
Published: October 2018

The purpose of the current study was to gain additional understanding of the developmental significance of companion animals for human development. Participants were 202 undergraduate students at a public university. Companion animal ownership, bonding (i.e., high and low reported bonding), and affection (i.e., high and low reported affection) in childhood and emerging adulthood were explored in relation to psychosocial functioning during emerging adulthood (i.e., empathy, autonomy, self-esteem, helping disposition, loneliness, and social anxiety). The majority of participants reported having companion animals during childhood, and to a slightly lesser degree, during emerging adulthood, with a dog overwhelmingly being the most important companion animal. Companion animal ownership and type of companion animal were not associated with psychosocial functioning. However, companion animal bond during childhood and companion animal affection during emerging adulthood were associated with emerging adult psychosocial functioning.
Contribution to the knowledge of the earthworm fauna of Turkey with description of three new species (Clitellata: Megadrili)
Authors: SZEDERJESI TÍMEA , DÁNYI LÁSZLÓ , KAYDAN MEHMET BORA , CSUZDI CSABA
Published: October 2018

During a recent survey, 29 earthworm species were collected from different parts of Turkey, 27 of which belong to the family Lumbricidae, one to Acanthodrilidae and one to Megascolecidae. Dendrobaena proved to be the most speciose genus with 12 recorded species including two species new to science, Dendrobaena pavliceki and Dendrobaena taurica spp. nov. In addition a third new species was also found belonging to the East Mediterranean genus Healyella: Healyella zicsii sp. nov. From the species recorded earlier for Turkey, D. fridericae uludagi Omodeo & Rota, 1991 and He. boluana Omodeo & Rota, 1989 were found for the first time since the original description. With these new records the number of earthworm species recorded for Turkey is raised to 84.
Green light to an integrative view of Microscolex phosphoreus (Dugès, 1837) (Annelida: Clitellata: Acanthodrilidae)
Authors: ROTA EMILIA , MARTINSSON SVANTE , ERSÉUS CHRISTER , PETUSHKOV VALENTIN N. , RODIONOVA NATALJA S. , OMODEO PIETRO
Published: October 2018

The small synanthropic and peregrine earthworm Microscolex phosphoreus (Dugès, 1837) is reported for the first time from Siberia. Morphological and DNA barcode (COI) analyses of this and widely separate samples worldwide demonstrate that, as currently identified, M. phosphoreus is a heterogeneous taxon, with divergent lineages occurring often in the same locality and hardly providing geographically structured genetic signals. The combined morphological and genetic evidence suggests that at least four of the found clades should be reclassified as separate species, both morphologically and genetically distinct from each other. However, as the specimen number was limited and only the COI gene was studied for the genetic work, we hesitate in formally describing new species. There would also be the problem of assigning the available names to specific lineages. Our findings encourage careful external and anatomical examination and using reliable characters such as the interchaetal distances and spermathecal morphology for correct identification and for deeper evaluation of cryptic diversity in this interesting bioluminescent worm.
Nine new species of the "aeruginosus"-group in Amynthas (Clitellata: Megascolecidae) from Nam Et-Phouley National protected Area, Laos
Authors: HONG YONG , INKHAVILAY KHAMLA , JAMES SAMUEL W.
Published: October 2018

Nine new species of Amynthas (Clitellata: Megascolecidae) from Mt. Phouleoi, Lao PDR: Earthworm specimens were collected on the top of Mt. Phouleoi, Viengthong District, Houaphanh province, Lao PDR. The new species belonged to pheretimoid earthworms. They have spermathecal pores in 7/8 and 8/9, corresponding to the aeruginosus-group as characterized by Sims and Easton (1972). Their names are: Amynthas bouatongi sp. nov., Amynthas hoauykanangensis sp. nov., Amynthas phimpheti sp. nov., Amynthas nametensis sp. nov., Amynthas somechanae sp. nov., Amynthas wiggeri sp. nov., Amynthas fleischmani sp. nov., Amynthas antethecus sp. nov., and Amynthas elenabondae sp. nov. With the exception of A. nametensis sp. nov., all have the first dorsal pore in an unusually anterior location close to 5/6 and very large, often coiled, prostatic ducts. Several species have slight intraparietal invaginations of the primary male pores, but the similarity of other characters leads us to include them in Amynthas rather than in a polyphyletic Metaphire. Amynthas bouatongi sp. nov. has male pores 0.20–0.24 circumference apart on reniform male pads, pair genital papillae medial and lateral to male pores in XVIII. Amynthas hoauykanangensis sp. nov. has openings of copulatory pouches 0.19–0.25 circumference apart, and paired round genital papillae on postsetal XVII and presetal XIX in line with the male pores. Amynthas phimpheti sp. nov. has male pores 0.21–0.24 circumference apart, round thickened genital papillae paired on 17/18 and 18/19 in line with male pores. Amynthas nametensis sp. nov. has male pores superficial on thickened circular pads, 0.24–0.27 circumference apart. Amynthas somechanae sp. nov. has male pores 0.20–0.33 circumference apart, and paired equatorial papillae in XVIII. Amynthas wiggeri sp. nov. has male pores 0.22–0.30 circumference apart, paired genital papillae equatorial on XVIII medial to male pores and paired papillae equatorial in XVII and XIX. Amynthas fleischmani sp. nov. has openings of copulatory pouches 0.24 circumference apart, paired conical genital papillae equatorial on XVII and XIX; paired circular papillae in intersegmental furrows of 17/18 and 18/19. Amynthas antethecus sp. nov. has openings of copulatory pouches 0.31 circumference apart, paired circular papillae in intersegmental furrow of 17/18 and equatorial on XIX, slightly medial to secondary male pores. Amynthas elenabondae sp. nov. has openings of copulatory pouches 0.19 circumference apart, crescent, convex medially; primary male pore on tubercle on lateral wall of shallow parietal invagination.
New enchytraeid species from Mount Hallasan (Jeju Island, Korea) (Enchytraeidae, Oligochaeta)
Authors: DÓZSA-FARKAS KLÁRA , FELFÖLDI TAMÁS , NAGY HAJNALKA , HONG YONG
Published: October 2018

The enchytraeid fauna of Mt. Hallasan (Jeju Island, Korea) was studied in 2016, and 21 enchytraeid species were recorded and identified in total. A combination of morphological and molecular analyses (based on CO1, ITS and H3 sequences) was applied. Here we give descriptions of eight new species of Enchytraeidae (Clitellata): Achaeta koreana sp. n., Achaeta macroampullacea sp. n., Bryodrilus hallasanensis sp. n., Chamaedrilus baekrokdamensis sp. n., Enchytronia seongpanakiensis sp. n., Mesenchytraeus jungsaihoi sp. n., Xetadrilus jejuensis sp. n. and Xetadrilus aphanoides sp. n. Additionally, two species were found to be new for the Korean fauna in Mt. Hallasan: Fridericia cf. paroniana Issel, 1904 and F. perrieri (Vejdovský, 1878); three potentially new Fridericia species require further studies. Furthermore, two terrestrial polychaetes, Hrabeiella periglandulata Pižl & Chalupský, 1984 and Parergodrilus heideri Resisinger, 1925, were recorded. For 12 enchytraeid species, DNA sequences are presented for the first time: these include, apart from the new species, further taxa such as species of Xetadrilus, a genus of which no sequences were previously available.
Preliminary taxonomical investigation of soil enchytraeids (Clitellata, Enchytraeidae) from south region of Tibet, China
Authors: LU YAJING , XIE ZHICAI , ZHANG JUNQIAN
Published: October 2018

The biodiversity in the Tibetan region is still poorly known, particularly for its soil organisms. Here, we describe eleven enchytraeid species based on several taxonomical surveys in 2015–2016, from some soil localities in south region of the Tibet, China. All are firstly recorded in this region; seven species (Fridericia ratzeli sensu stricto, F. peregrinabunda, F. cusanica, F. bretscheri, Buchholzia sp., Enchytraeus buchholzi and Henlea sp.) are new records for China.
Three new species of Holoscolex (Clitellata, Glossoscolecidae) from the Gurupi Biological Reserve, last forest remnant of the Belém Endemism Area, Eastern Amazon
Authors: HERNÁNDEZ-GARCÍA LUIS MANUEL , BURGOS-GUERRERO JESÚS ENRIQUE , SANTOS BIANCA TAMIRES SILVA DOS , ROUSSEAU GUILLAUME XAVIER , JAMES SAMUEL WOOSTER
Published: October 2018

We describe three new species of the earthworm genus Holoscolex from the Gurupi Biological Reserve in Maranhão state, Brazil. The Reserve, with the Indigenous Territories Awá, Caru, Alto Turiaçu and Alto Rio Guamá represent the last continuous forest remnants of the Belém Endemism Area, the most deforested and threatened area of Brazilian Amazonia. Holoscolex dossantosi sp. nov. has tubercula pubertatis looking like double bands, Holoscolex alatus sp. nov. presents alate tubercula pubertatis, and Holoscolex fernandoi sp. nov. has testis sacs and several intraclitellar atrial glands associated with genital markings between XIX and XXII. The presence of these unusual characters in Holoscolex fernandoi sp. nov. suggests that this species could be an evolutionary transitional stage linking Eudrilidae and more recent Glossoscolecidae genera.
Additions to Andiorrhinus (Turedrilus) (Rhinodrilidae, Clitellata) from Eastern Amazonia
Authors: HERNÁNDEZ-GARCÍA LUIS MANUEL , BARTZ MARIE LUISE , BURGOS-GUERRERO JESÚS ENRIQUE , SOUSA SANDRIEL COSTA , ROUSSEAU GUILLAUME XAVIER , JAMES SAMUEL WOOSTER
Published: October 2018

Two new species of the earthworm family Rhinodrilidae (Clitellata), from Maranhão state, Brazil, were studied by dissection. Andiorrhinus (Turedrilus) miricuri n. sp. is the first record of a big earthworm for this region with three pairs of large spermathecae in segments 7–9 and one pair of tubercula pubertatis bands lateral to b line in XX–XXV. Andiorrhinus (Turedrilus) barrosoi n. sp. lacks spermathecae and has one pair of tubercula pubertatis bands lateral to b line in XX–(1/3) XXIV. The earthworms described are from the most threatened region of Amazonia where 75% of forest cover is already lost. More information is urgently necessary to assess their ecology and vulnerability status.
New species of Glossoscolex and Fimoscolex earthworms (Oligochaeta: Glossoscolecidae) from Embrapa Forestry, Paraná, Brazil
Authors: M. ALEXANDER FEIJOO , BROWN GEORGE G.
Published: October 2018

Three new earthworm species in two genera of the Glossoscolecidae family, common in Southern and Southeastern Brazil, collected in the highland plateaus of Paraná, are described: Glossoscolex (Glossoscolex) maschio sp. nov. and Glossoscolex (Glossoscolex) embrapaensis sp. nov., and Fimoscolex nivae sp. nov. G. embrapaensis is a small, unpigmented endogeic belonging to the truncatus species group, having male pore on segment 17, while G. maschio is a large, pigmented epiendogeic species belonging to the giganteus species group, having male pore on segment 19. F. nivae is a very slender, small unpigmented endogeic species. All specimens were collected in native Araucaria forest on the grounds of Embrapa Forestry, but G. maschio was found exclusively associated with native forest, while G. embrapaensis and F. nivae were also collected in Eucalyptus, Pinus or Araucaria plantations, native grassland or fallow land, indicating their resistance to soil disturbance and land use change.
DNA barcoding of the Italian anecic Octodrilus species in rural (vineyard) and forested areas with description of Octodrilus zicsiniello sp. nov. (Clitellata, Megadrili)
Authors: CSUZDI CSABA , SZEDERJESI TÍMEA , MARCHÁN DANIEL FERNÁNDEZ , SOSA IRENE DE , GAVINELLI FEDERICO , DORIGO LUCA , PAMIO ALBERTO , DREON ANGELO LEANDRO , FUSARO SILVIA , MORETTO ENZO , PAOLETTI MAURIZIO GUIDO
Published: October 2018

DNA barcoding of 172 anecic Octodrilus specimens collected in NE Italy and bordering Croatia has been carried out. The Bayesian phylogenetic tree showed high support for almost all currently recognized species, however, some unexpected results also appeared. The clade representing Oc. pseudocomplanatus contains a highly advanced subclade, which morphologically resembles Oc. slovenicus. The highly supported Oc. tergestinus clade consists of four unresolved divergent lineages of which the first corresponds to Oc. istrianus and the second resembles Oc. mimus morphologically; the third and fourth clades show typical tergestinus characters. The widely distributed Oc. complanatus consists of three highly divergent subclades which are sister to a new species, Oc. zicsiniello sp. nov., hereunder described.
Insights into the diversity of Hormogastridae (Annelida, Oligochaeta) with descriptions of six new species
Authors: MARCHÁN DANIEL F. , FERNÁNDEZ ROSA , SÁNCHEZ NURIA , SOSA IRENE DE , COSÍN DARÍO J. DÍAZ , NOVO MARTA
Published: October 2018

The earthworm family Hormogastridae is a relatively diverse group in the Western Mediterranean basin. Since 1887, around thirty species have been described and assigned to four genera. However, from 2010 on, molecular, ecological and morphological studies have questioned the validity of those genera. Meanwhile, new species were discovered and assigned to them, pending a formal systematic revision; such a revision has been performed recently by integrating all the existing sources of information. The resulting classification consists of nine genera, including four newly erected ones. This revised systematic background is used in the current work as a base for the description of six new hormogastrid species: Diazcosinia sacrarium Marchán, Fernández, Díaz Cosín & Novo, sp. nov., Boucheona martae Marchán, Fernández & Díaz Cosín, sp. nov., Boucheona rosae Marchán, Díaz Cosín & Novo, sp. nov., Norana emiliae Marchán, Fernández, Díaz Cosín & Novo, sp. nov., Norana xylocerasi Marchán, Fernández, Díaz Cosín & Novo, sp. nov., and Norana beatrizae Marchán, Fernández, Díaz Cosín & Novo, sp. nov. Norana is a new replacement name for the preoccupied Nora Marchán, Fernández, Díaz Cosín & Novo, 2018. Likewise, Xanina is proposed to replace the preoccupied Xana Díaz Cosín, Briones & Trigo, 1989. We provide an overview of the currently known diversity of the different genera, and we further propose common names in several languages for some of the species of Hormogastridae.
Checklist of earthworms (Oligochaeta: Lumbricidae) from Serbia: a review
Authors: STOJANOVIĆ MIRJANA , SEKULIĆ JOVANA , TRAKIĆ TANJA
Published: October 2018

A checklist of the lumbricid earthworms in Serbia is presented. For the first time, comprehensive informations of all lumbricids in the country are given in order to establish the definitive list of known taxa from Serbia. The list underlines earthworm diversity and provides a general overview of their ecology, distribution in Serbia, and zoogeographical position. The complete list of earthworm taxa of Serbia comprises 74 species and subspecies of Lumbricidae, belonging to 15 genera. One third of earthworms in Serbia are endemics (26 taxa = 35.1%).
Nonparametric Methodology to Estimate Precipitating Ice from Multiple-Frequency Radar Reflectivity Observations
Authors: Grecu Mircea , Tian Lin , Heymsfield Gerald M. , Tokay Ali , Olson William S. , Heymsfield Andrew J. , Bansemer Aaron
Published: October 2018

In this study, a nonparametric method to estimate precipitating ice from multiple-frequency radar observations is investigated. The method does not require any assumptions regarding the distribution of ice particle sizes and relies on an efficient search procedure to incorporate information from observed particle size distributions (PSDs) in the estimation process. Similar to other approaches rooted in optimal-estimation theory, the nonparametric method is robust in the presence of noise in observations and uncertainties in the forward models. Over 200 000 PSDs derived from in situ observations collected during the Olympic Mountains Experiment (OLYMPEX) and Integrated Precipitation and Hydrology Experiment (IPHEX) field campaigns are used in the development and evaluation of the nonparametric estimation method. These PSDs are used to create a database of ice-related variables and associated computed radar reflectivity factors at the Ku, Ka, and W bands. The computed reflectivity factors are used to derive precipitating ice estimates and investigate the associated errors and uncertainties. The method is applied to triple-frequency radar observations collected during OLYMPEX and IPHEX. Direct comparisons of estimated ice variables with estimates from in situ instruments show results consistent with the error analysis. Global application of the method requires an extension of the supporting PSD database, which can be achieved through the processing of information from additional past and future field campaigns.
Observed Features of Langmuir Turbulence Forced by Misaligned Wind and Waves under Destabilizing Buoyancy Flux
Authors: Yoshikawa Yutaka , Baba Yasuyuki , Mizutani Hideaki , Kubo Teruhiro , Shimoda Chikara
Published: October 2018

Several features of Langmuir turbulence remain unquantified despite its potentially large impacts on ocean surface mixing. For example, its vertical velocity variance, expected to be proportional to based on numerical simulations, was proportional to in recent field observations, where is the friction velocity and is surface Stokes velocity. To investigate unquantified features of Langmuir turbulence, we conducted a field experiment around a marine observation tower in a shallow sea off the southern coast of Japan in early winter when winds and waves (often swells) were often misaligned. Coherent structures similar to Langmuir cells were successfully identified in the horizontal and vertical structures of turbulent flows measured with upward- and horizontally looking acoustic Doppler current profilers (ADCPs). ADCPs and several anemometers attached at the tower showed that turbulent vertical velocity variance was large when the Langmuir number and Hoenikker number (; where B is surface buoyancy flux and H is the water depth) were both small and that the orientation of the cells was generally aligned in the direction of Lagrangian current shear. These results agree well with the previous numerical results. As in the previous observations, however, the vertical velocity variance appeared to be proportional to . In our experiment, this curious feature was explained by compensatory effects between waves and convection. Misaligned wind with waves also seems to characterize the observed Langmuir turbulence, though further quantitative analysis is required to confirm this result.
The Effects of Orography on the Extratropical Transition of Tropical Cyclones: A Case Study of Typhoon Sinlaku (2008)
Authors: Lentink Hilke S. , Grams Christian M. , Riemer Michael , Jones Sarah C.
Published: October 2018

Extratropical transition (ET) can cause high-impact weather in midlatitude regions and therefore constitutes an ongoing threat at the end of a tropical cyclone’s (TC) life cycle. Most of the ET events occur over the ocean, but some TCs recurve and undergo ET along coastal regions; however, the latter category is less investigated. Typhoon Sinlaku (2008), for example, underwent ET along the southern coast of Japan. It was one of the typhoons that occurred during the T-PARC field campaign, providing unprecedented high-resolution observational data. Sinlaku is therefore an excellent case to investigate the impact of a coastal region, and in particular orography, on the evolution of ET. Here, observations from T-PARC are employed to verify high-resolution simulations of Sinlaku. In addition, a sensitivity simulation is performed with the orography of Japan removed. The presence of orography causes blocking of low-level, cool midlatitude air north of Japan. Without this inflow of cool air, ET is delayed. Only once Sinlaku moves away from the orographic barrier does the cool, dry environmental air penetrate equatorward, and ET continues. On a local scale, evaporatively cooled air from below Sinlaku’s asymmetric precipitation field could be advected toward the cyclone center when orography was favorable for it. Changes in the vortex structure, as known from mature TCs interacting with orography, were only minor due to the high translation speed during ET. This study corroborates that orography can impact ET by modulating both the synoptic-scale environmental conditions and the mesoscale cyclone structure during ET.
Psychometric Characteristics of Duke Social Support Index Among Elderly Suicide in Rural China
Authors: Pan Yan-Fei , Ma Zhen-Yu , Zhou Liang , Jia Cun-Xian
Published: October 2018

We recruited 242 elderly suicides and 242 controls above 60 years to conduct face-to-face interviews by psychological autopsy to examine the psychometric characteristics of the Duke Social Support Index (DSSI) in rural China. DSSI had high internal consistency, with Cronbach’s αs of .89 and .90 in suicides and controls, respectively. DSSI was significantly and negatively correlated to loneliness in both samples. Confirmatory factor analysis basically supported the original structure of DSSI, but Item 4 had low factor loading in controls. In conclusion, DSSI has satisfactory reliability and acceptable validity in evaluating social support in the elderly suicide study in China.
Web-Based Metacognitive Scaffolding for Internet Search
Authors: Şendurur Emine , Yildirim Zahide
Published: October 2018

This study investigates the effects of web-based scaffolding in comparison with teacher scaffolding (TS) and no scaffolding (NS) on students’ metacognitive skill development in web-search process. The study utilized a static-group pretest–posttest quasi-experimental design. The first experimental group received web-based Internet search scaffolding (WISS) tool treatment; the second experimental group received TS; and the control group had NS. Receiving WISS during an Internet search had a significant effect on the improvement of metacognitive skills when compared with NS; however, it was not significant when compared with TS. While WISS group’s scores in all subscales improved significantly compared with those of NS, TS’s strategy generation scores were significantly higher than those of NS group. Moreover, WISS group’s control of attention scores were significantly higher than those of TS group.
Pooling in Tourism Demand Forecasting
Authors: Long Wen , Liu Chang , Song Haiyan
Published: October 2018

This study investigates whether pooling can improve the forecasting performance of tourism demand models. The short-term domestic tourism demand forecasts for 341 cities in China using panel data (pooled) models are compared with individual ordinary least squares (OLS) and naïve benchmark models. The pooled OLS model demonstrates much worse forecasting performance than the other models. This indicates the huge heterogeneity of tourism across cities in China. A marked improvement with the inclusion of fixed effects suggests that destination features that stay the same or vary very little over time can explain most of the heterogeneity. Adding spatial effects to the panel data models also increases forecasting accuracy, although the improvement is small. The spatial distribution of spillover effects is drawn on a map and a spatial pattern is recognized. Finally, when both spatial and temporal effects are taken into account, pooling improves forecasting performance.
Discrimination and Calibration Properties of the Level of Service Inventory–Ontario Revision in a Correctional Mental Health Sample
Authors: Olver Mark E. , Kingston Drew A.
Published: October 2018

We examined the predictive properties of the Level of Service Inventory–Ontario Revision (LSI-OR) in a sample of 604 provincially incarcerated men with mental illness from a correctional mental health facility followed up nearly 2 years after release. Recidivism base rates and LSI-OR scores were relatively consistent across major mental disorder categories, but higher among individuals with personality disorder, substance use disorder, or dual diagnosis. LSI-OR scores predicted general and violent recidivism in the overall sample and among specific diagnostic groups. Calibration analyses were conducted to model 1-year recidivism estimates for the overall sample and among individual diagnostic groups associated with individual LSI-OR scores. Good correspondence was observed among the different diagnostic groups, with some difference in recidivism trajectories given the differences in base rate. The results support the predictive properties of the LSI-OR with correctional mental health samples and inform the recidivism estimates associated with LSI-OR scores in this population.
Effectiveness of an Intervention for Improving Intrinsic Motivation among Adolescent Males in a Secure Substance Use Treatment Setting
Authors: Knight Danica K. , Joe George W. , Becan Jennifer E. , Crawley Rachel D. , Theisen Sarah E. , Flynn Patrick M.
Published: October 2018

Because intrinsic motivation affects substance use treatment engagement and outcomes, interventions to increase readiness for change are needed. The Treatment Readiness and Induction Program (TRIP) effectively increases intrinsic motivation among youth in community-based residential treatment, but its utility for youth in secure settings is unknown. The current study uses a sequential comparison design to examine the added benefit of TRIP over standard operating practice (SOP) among 125 male adolescents in a juvenile justice treatment facility. Youth receiving TRIP in addition to SOP showed greater increases in problem recognition and desire for help, were three times more likely to want help for emotional problems, and were four times more likely to want individual counseling. Relationships remained after controlling for age and race; however, desire for help was not significant after controlling for substance use severity. Findings document the effectiveness of TRIP for promoting readiness among adolescent males in a secure treatment setting.
Board Independence and Corporate Misconduct: A Cross-National Meta-Analysis
Authors: Neville François , Byron Kris , Post Corinne , Ward Andrew
Published: October 2018

Although increased board independence is a commonly offered solution to curbing corporate misconduct, scholars have expressed skepticism about its effectiveness, and empirical evidence is mixed. We argue that the relationship between board independence and corporate misconduct is likely nuanced—and may vary by the type of independence (e.g., independence on the whole board or on the audit committee) and by national context. We conducted a meta-analysis of 135 studies spanning more than 20 countries. We find that the board independence–corporate misconduct relationship (a) is generally negative, (b) varies based on the implementation form that independence takes on (i.e., independence of the whole board, on the audit committee, or between the roles of CEO and board chair), and (c) is more strongly negative in countries with less corruption. We advance corporate governance theory and research by demonstrating that the popular governance practice of increasing board independence must both account for the manner in which independence is implemented and consider the powerful influence of firms’ broader societal context to clearly understand its effect. Further, based on our review of the literature, we uncover opportunities for the advancement of corporate governance and corporate misconduct research.
Effects of TWA-Supported Digitally on Comprehension of Students With Autism Spectrum Disorder, Level 1
Authors: Howorth Sarah K. , Raimondi Sharon
Published: October 2018

Presenting text in digital format with annotation supports may relieve some of the cognitive load that hinders inferential comprehension for students with comprehension deficits. Science texts are particularly difficult, as the content may not be within the knowledge repertoire of a reader. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of using a reading strategy, Thinking before, While and After (TWA) -digitally supported (TWA-SD), on the comprehension of science text by students with autism spectrum disorder (ASD, Level 1) participants. A concurrent multiple probe single subject research design was used to individually deliver intervention. Results indicated the intervention was effective in increasing participants’ accuracy and quality of oral retellings of main ideas and details as well as their performance on general comprehension questions. Implications regarding the use of digitally supported strategies to increase access to the curriculum for students with ASD, Level 1 are discussed.
Health and Mental Health Effects of Local Immigration Enforcement
Authors: Wang Julia Shu-Huah , Kaushal Neeraj
Published: October 2018

We study the effect of two local immigration enforcement policies — Section 287(g) of the Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act and the Secure Communities Program (SC) — on the health and mental health outcomes of Latino immigrants living in the United States. We use the restricted-use National Health Interview Survey for 2000–2012 and adopt a difference-in-difference research design. Estimates suggest that SC increased the proportion of Latino immigrants with mental health distress by 2.2 percentage points (14.7%), Task Force Enforcement under Section 287(g) worsened their mental health distress scores by 15 percent (0.08 standard deviation), and Jail Enforcement under Section 287(g) increased the proportion of Latino immigrants reporting fair or poor health by 1 percentage point (11.1%) and lowered the proportion reporting very good or excellent health by 4.8 to 7.0 percentage points (7.8% to 10.9%). These findings are robust to various sensitivity checks and have long-term implications for population health, public health expenditure, and immigrant integration.
Resilience in the Context of Development: Introduction to the Special Issue
Authors: Cutuli J. J. , Herbers Janette E.
Published: October 2018

As an introduction to this special issue, we define resilience as the capacity of a dynamic system to adapt successfully to threatening circumstances, and we briefly note the history of resilience studies as embedded within the broader field of developmental science. We then elaborate on four developmental principles central for the study of resilience and highlight the importance of early adolescence as a developmental period of particular opportunity for change. Finally, we introduce the five articles of this special issue, each of which presents exciting new work on resilience processes during early adolescence and speaks to aspects of core developmental principles of resilience science.
Ganglion Cytology: A Novel Rapid Method for the Diagnosis of Equine Dysautonomia
Authors: Piccinelli Chiara , Jago Rachel , Milne Elspeth
Published: October 2018

Equine dysautonomia (grass sickness) is characterized by autonomic neuronal degeneration and is often fatal. As outbreaks occur, rapid diagnosis is essential but confirmation currently requires histological examination. This study evaluated diagnostic accuracy of cytological examination of cranial cervical ganglion (CCG) scrapings for dysautonomia diagnosis. CCG smears from 20 controls and 16 dysautonomia cases were stained with May-Grünwald Giemsa (MGG), hematoxylin and eosin (HE), and cresyl fast violet (CFV), with HE-stained histological sections of CCG as gold standard for diagnosis. Examining all 3 stains together, the sensitivity and specificity were 100%. Occasional individual smears (4/107, 3.7%) were nondiagnostic due to low cellularity, and in a few individual smears the final diagnosis was correct but more tentative (CFV: 5/33 [15.1%], HE: 2/34 [5.9%], and MGG: 4/36 [11.1%]), due to low cellularity or suboptimal cell morphology. CCG cytology was considered reliable for rapid postmortem diagnosis of equine dysautonomia, particularly using MGG.
Narrating ethnicity and diversity in Middle Eastern national genome projects
Authors: Burton Elise K
Published: October 2018

Most Middle Eastern populations outside Israel have not been represented in Western-based international human genome sequencing efforts. In response, national-level projects have emerged throughout the Middle East to decode the Arab, Turkish and Iranian genomes. The discourses surrounding the ‘national genome’ that shape scientists’ representation of their work to local and international audiences evoke three intersecting analytics of nationalism: methodological, postcolonial and diasporic. Methodologically, ongoing human genome projects in Turkey and Iran follow the population logics of other national and international genome projects, for example justifying research with reference to projected health benefits to their fellow citizens. Meanwhile, assumptions about and representations of ethnicity and diversity are deeply inflected by local histories of scientific development and nationalist politics. While Iranian geneticists have transformed this paradigm to catalog national genetic diversity through a discourse of ‘Iranian ethnicities’, Turkish geneticists remain politically constrained from acknowledging ethnic diversity and struggle to distance their work from racialized narratives of Turkish national identity. Such nationally-framed narratives of genomic diversity are not confined to their original contexts, but travel abroad, as demonstrated by a US-based genome project that articulates a form of Iranian-American diasporic nationalism.
Case formulation in persistent pain in children and adolescents: The application of the nonlinear dynamic systems perspective
Authors: Sinclair Cate , Meredith Pamela , Strong Jenny
Published: October 2018

Statement of context

Recent empirical evidence demonstrates both insecure attachment and atypical sensory modulation patterns are associated with impaired function for children/adolescents with persistent pain. An integrating framework is required to translate this knowledge into clinical practice.

Critical reflection on practice

Case studies demonstrate how the nonlinear dynamic systems perspective can assist occupational therapists to (1) understand how sensory modulation and attachment systems contribute to pain, distress, and functioning for children/adolescents with persistent pain, and (2) identify processes supporting adaptive occupational patterns.

Implications for practice

Application of nonlinear dynamic systems theory can inform clinical formulation for children/adolescents with persistent pain.
Sustained exposure to acute migraine medications combined with repeated noxious stimulation dysregulates descending pain modulatory circuits: Relevance to medication overuse headache
Authors: Nation Kelsey M , Dodick David W , Navratilova Edita , Porreca Frank
Published: October 2018

Background

Loss of conditioned pain modulation/diffuse noxious inhibitory controls has been demonstrated in patients with migraine and medication overuse headache. We hypothesized that exposure to acute migraine medications may lead to dysregulation of central pain modulatory circuits that could be revealed by evaluating diffuse noxious inhibitory controls and that prior noxious stimulus is required for a loss of the diffuse noxious inhibitory control response in rats exposed to these medications.

Methods

Rats were “primed” by continuous infusion of morphine or one of two doses of sumatriptan. Diffuse noxious inhibitory control was evaluated at the end of drug-priming (day 7) and again after sensory thresholds returned to baseline (day 21). The Randall-Selitto hindpaw pressure test was used as the test stimulus and forepaw capsaicin injection served as the conditioning stimulus.

Results

Morphine-primed rats showed opioid-induced hyperalgesia accompanied by a loss of diffuse noxious inhibitory controls on day 7. Sumatriptan-primed rats did not develop hyperalgesia or loss of diffuse noxious inhibitory controls on day 7. Morphine-primed and high-dose sumatriptan-primed rats only had a loss of diffuse noxious inhibitory control on day 21 if they received a capsaicin injection on day 7.

Conclusions

Prolonged exposure to migraine treatments followed by an acute nociceptive stimulation caused long-lasting alterations in descending pain modulation, shown by a loss of diffuse noxious inhibitory controls. Morphine was more detrimental than sumatriptan, consistent with clinical observations of higher medication overuse headache risk with opioids. These data suggest a mechanism of medication overuse headache by which migraine medications combined with repeated episodes of pain may amplify the consequences of nociceptor activation and increase the probability of future migraine attacks as well as risk of medication overuse headache.
Effects of Traffic Congestion on Vehicle Miles Traveled
Authors: Sardari Reza , Hamidi Shima , Pouladi Raha
Published: October 2018

The effects of traffic congestion on travel behavior are complex and multidimensional because they are related to various factors such as density, land use patterns, network connectivity, and individual preferences. Traffic congestion is a phenomenon that not only affects transportation systems but also influences commuters’ quality of life and population mobility. The present research aims to analyze the effects of traffic congestion on individuals’ travel behaviors, addressing both direct and indirect effects of congestion on vehicle miles traveled (VMT) per driver by implementing structural equation modeling (SEM) techniques. In addition to the causal analysis between traffic congestion and VMT, this study examined the complex relationship between an individual’s socioeconomic characteristics, the built environment, congestion, and VMT. Measuring local congestion at a national level is also a key contribution of this research. This study used the same methodology as the Texas A&M Transportation Institute to compute a road congestion index and quantify local congestion for 93,769 drivers within 337 metropolitan areas. Our findings suggest that congestion is the main driver of VMT reduction. The findings also confirm that residents in compact development regions have lower daily VMTs because of the proximity of origins and destinations in denser areas with higher job–population balances. Therefore, rather than expanding highway networks, public transit investment might address traffic congestion more efficiently—not only by providing residents with more equitable and sustainable means of transportation, but also by encouraging people to reside in more compact and location-efficient areas.
Senior Community Resilience with a Focus on Critical Transportation Infrastructures: An Accessibility-Based Approach to Healthcare
Authors: Twumasi-Boakye Richard , Sobanjo John O. , Inkoom Sylvester Kwame , Ozguven Eren Erman
Published: October 2018

The importance of bridges to mobility in transportation is well known. However, the identification of bridges that influence the mobility of senior members of communities has not been evaluated. This is imperative because of human frailties associated with aging. In this paper, senior community resilience is assessed through accessibility of seniors to hospitals after bridge damage caused by hurricane events using Pinellas County in the Tampa Bay area as case study. The paper presents: (i) exposure probabilities for hurricane events at bridge locations; (ii) bridge damage state functions and damage state rating assignments using historical data from the National Bridge Inventory database; (iii) identification of bridges at risk of hurricane-induced damage; (iv) bridges identified as serving areas (census districts) with dense population of aging people; and (v) estimated effects of bridge closures on mobility and resilience of the aged population, based on accessibility to hospitals by using congested and free-flow travel times obtained from traffic assignment modeling. Findings showed that: (i) 66 bridges prone to hurricane-induced damage were observed to affect 140 selected aging population areas; (ii) bridge closures resulted in about 15% and 75% increase in free-flow and congested travel times, respectively; (iii) complete loss of accessibility to hospitals for some aging-dense zones; and (iv) resilience indexes of 0.94 and 0.81 were computed for free-flow and congested travel times, respectively. These results highlight significant loss in senior accessibility to hospitals and emphasize the need for policy discussions on the capabilities of highway bridges for efficient senior mobility.
Accessibility or Innovation? Store Shopping Trips versus Online Shopping
Authors: Maat Kees , Konings Rob
Published: October 2018

The increasing penetration of online shopping will have major effects on physical stores. And the question is: In which areas will consumers replace most physical shopping with online shopping? Two apparently competing hypotheses were tested: the diffusion of innovation hypothesis, suggesting openness to new technologies; and the efficiency hypothesis, suggesting accessibility gains. Whether the innovation hypothesis has lost its importance in favor of the efficiency hypothesis was also questioned. The study area was a polycentric urban area in the Netherlands. We distinguished between books, clothes, and groceries. It was assumed that shoppers’ decisions to buy a particular good online or not, and the share of online shopping relative to in-store shopping for this good, were basically driven either by shoppers’ willingness to adopt the new technology of e-shopping or by shoppers’ accessibility to shops. Support was found for both hypotheses, although the impact of shopping seemed limited and varied between different types of goods. In the end, e-shopping behavior remains primarily shaped by households who are open to new technologies, and to a limited extent by efficiency considerations.