bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Do School Activities Foster Creative Thinking? An Analysis of PISA Results
Authors: Hernández-Ramos José , Araya Roberto
Published: January 2025

In 2022, the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) assessed the creative thinking skills of 15-year-old students, measuring their ability to generate creative ideas and improve others’ ideas. The present study used a correlational design to explore the relationship between creative thinking test scores and the frequency of participation in school activities. Surprisingly, the results show that countries with higher participation in school activities obtained worse results in the global PISA test for creative thinking and scientific problem-solving. Even after adjusting for PISA performance in 2018 and 2022, the increase in school activities did not improve low creativity scores. PISA identified this result as counterintuitive but analyzed it at the student level. However, we examined the phenomenon at the country level, which allows us to suggest another explanation. These findings indicate that such activities may need to be more enriching, focusing more on developing divergent rather than convergent skills. The complexity and cognitive load teachers require to design and carry out highly creative activities may explain these results. This study proposes reconsidering the pedagogical implementation of these activities and incorporating generative artificial intelligence as a fundamental tool to enhance creative development in the educational environment.
Large-Scale Stitching of Hyperspectral Remote Sensing Images Obtained from Spectral Scanning Spectrometers Mounted on Unmanned Aerial Vehicles
Authors: Liu Hong , Hu Bingliang , Hou Xingsong , Yu Tao , Zhang Zhoufeng , Liu Xiao , Wang Xueji , Tan Zhengxuan
Published: January 2025

To achieve large-scale stitching of the hyperspectral remote sensing images obtained by unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) equipped with an acousto-optic tunable filter spectrometer, this study proposes a method based on a feature fusion strategy and a seam-finding strategy using hyperspectral image classification. In the feature extraction stage, SuperPoint deep features from images in different spectral segments of the data cube were extracted and fused. The feature depth matcher, LightGlue, was employed for feature matching. During the data cube fusion stage, unsupervised K-means spectral classification was performed separately on the two hyperspectral data cubes. Subsequently, grayscale transformations were applied to the classified images. A dynamic programming method, based on a grayscale loss function, was then used to identify seams in the transformed images. Finally, the identified splicing seam was applied across all bands to produce a unified hyperspectral data cube. The proposed method was applied to hyperspectral data cubes acquired at specific waypoints by UAVs using an acousto-optic tunable filter spectral imager. Experimental results demonstrated that the proposed method outperformed both single-spectral-segment feature extraction methods and stitching methods that rely on seam identification from a single spectral segment. The improvement was evident in both the spatial and spectral dimensions.
Boston Consulting Group Matrix-Based Equilibrium Optimizer for Numerical Optimization and Dynamic Economic Dispatch
Authors: Yang Lin , Xu Zhe , Yuan Fenggang , Liu Yanting , Tian Guozhong
Published: January 2025

Numerous optimization problems exist in the design and operation of power systems, critical for efficient energy use, cost minimization, and system stability. With increasing energy demand and diversifying energy structures, these problems grow increasingly complex. Metaheuristic algorithms have been highlighted for their flexibility and effectiveness in addressing such complex problems. To further explore the theoretical support of metaheuristic algorithms for optimization problems in power systems, this paper proposes a novel algorithm, the Boston Consulting Group Matrix-based Equilibrium Optimizer (BCGEO), which integrates the Equilibrium Optimizer (EO) with the classic economic decision-making model, the Boston Consulting Group Matrix. This matrix is utilized to construct a model for evaluating the potential of individuals, aiding in the rational allocation of computational resources, thereby achieving a better balance between exploration and exploitation. In comparative experiments across various dimensions on CEC2017, the BCGEO demonstrated superior search performance over its peers. Furthermore, in dynamic economic dispatch, the BCGEO has shown strong optimization capabilities and potential in power system optimization problems. Additionally, the experimental results in the spacecraft trajectory optimization problem suggest its potential for broader application across various fields.
BPSKT: Knowledge Tracing with Bidirectional Encoder Representation Model Pre-Training and Sparse Attention
Authors: Zhao Weidong , Xu Zhen , Qiu Liqing
Published: January 2025

Knowledge tracing (KT) is a core task in an intelligent education system. It is designed to track the changes in students’ knowledge states during practice, and further predict the accuracy of their answers in the next round of exercises. Current knowledge tracing models generally focus on solving short-sequence problems, and still have significant limitations when handling long-sequence problems. Additionally, there is considerable room for improvement in the experimental performance of existing models on sparse datasets. This paper proposes a BPSKT knowledge tracing model that combines BERT pre-training and sparse attention. It extracts long-sequence node information features through two layers of GCN, and then fine-tunes the pre-trained data using sparse attention BERT to adapt it for downstream tasks. Finally, through a series of validation experiments, the logical consistency and structural effectiveness of BPSKT are gradually verified.
Intelligent Anti-Jamming Decision Algorithm for Wireless Communication Based on MAPPO
Authors: Zhang Feng , Niu Yingtao , Zhou Wenhao
Published: January 2025

A wireless communication intelligent anti-jamming decision algorithm based on Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) can gradually optimize communication anti-jamming strategies without prior knowledge by continuously interacting with the jamming environment. This has become one of the hottest research directions in the field of communication anti-jamming. In order to address the joint anti-jamming problem in scenarios with multiple users and without prior knowledge of jamming power, this paper proposes an intelligent anti-jamming decision algorithm for wireless communication based on Multi-Agent Proximal Policy Optimization (MAPPO). This algorithm combines centralized training and decentralized execution (CTDE), allowing each user to make independent decisions while fully leveraging the local information of all users during training. Specifically, the proposed algorithm shares all users’ perceptions, actions, and reward information during the learning phase to obtain a global state. Then, it calculates the value function and advantage function for each user based on this global state and optimizes each user’s independent policy. Each user can complete the anti-jamming decision based solely on local perception results and their independent policy. Meanwhile, MAPPO can handle continuous action spaces, allowing it to gradually approach the optimal value within the communication power range even without prior knowledge of jamming power. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm exhibits significantly faster convergence speed and higher convergence values compared to Deep Q-Network (DQN), Q-Learning (QL), and random frequency hopping algorithms under frequency sweeping jamming and dynamic probabilistic jamming.
Analytical Solution of Thermal Performance in Metal Foam Partially Filled Channel with Asymmetric Wall Heat Flux
Authors: Xing Xianghai , Wu Zhigen , Du Yanping , Lu Wei , Wu Yupeng , Xiong Zhibo
Published: January 2025

An analytical solution is conducted on forced convection in a metal foam partially filled plate channel under asymmetric heat flux conditions, with the aim of optimizing heat transfer performance. The Darcy–Brinkman model and the local thermal non-equilibrium (LTNE) model are employed to predict heat transfer characteristics under varying heat flux ratios (q1/q2). Key parameters such as the free zone height, pore density, and thermal conductivity ratio significantly influence heat transfer efficiency. The results indicate that the height of the free region has a greater impact on the flow distribution than porosity and pore density. When the non-dimensional height of the free region is 0.3, the flow fraction in the free region reaches 80%. When the free zone height is H = 0.1, the heat exchanger heat transfer coefficient reaches its maximum value, and the combination of copper (Cu) and R134a refrigerant demonstrates superior convective heat transfer performance compared to the empty channel. Their optimization can lead to substantial improvements in the heat transfer effectiveness of the channel.
Dynamic Boundary Dissemination to Virtual Power Plants for Congestion and Voltage Management in Power Distribution Networks
Authors: Gholami Khalil , Arif Mohammad Taufiqul , Haque Md Enamul
Published: January 2025

Virtual power plants (VPPs) are optimized to maximize profits by efficiently scheduling their resources. However, dynamic power trading over existing distribution networks can lead to voltage disturbances and branch congestion, posing risks to network security. Moreover, distribution network service providers (DNSPs) face the added challenge of managing VPP operations while complying with privacy preservation. To address these challenges, this paper proposes a decentralized co-optimization technique for integrating VPPs into distribution networks. The approach enables DNSPs to define dynamic operational boundaries for VPPs, effectively mitigating network congestion and voltage fluctuations while ensuring privacy. Additionally, the proposed convex optimization framework allows the publication of operational boundaries for multiple VPPs with minimal computational effort, making it suitable for real-time applications. The effectiveness of the technique is validated using the IEEE benchmark network connected with electricity–hydrogen VPPs. Results demonstrate that the proposed approach maintains voltage levels within standard limits and prevents branch congestion, confirming its suitability for stable and secure grid operations.
Thermodynamic Analysis of Pumped Thermal Energy Storage System Combined Cold, Heat, and Power Generation
Authors: Wang Yijing , Yin Yonggao , Kang Zhanxiao , Fan Jintu
Published: January 2025

Aiming at problems such as the low efficiency of renewable energy conversion and the single energy flow mode, this paper proposes a heat pump energy storage system combining cold, heat and power generation to achieve the purpose of diversified utilization of renewable energy. The system is suitable for buildings requiring cooling, heating/domestic hot water production and electricity. This paper mainly uses MATLAB for numerical calculations, selects several key cycle parameters to calculate and analyze the thermodynamic performance of the system, and uses the genetic algorithm and TOPSIS decision method to carry out fine design of the system working conditions. Through the multi-objective optimization calculation and the optimal solution, the system can achieve a total energy efficiency of 2.39 and a high thermal economic performance, indicating that the system can achieve the goals of cooling, heating water and power supply and providing ideas for the application of the multiple energy storage system.
From Air to Space: A Comprehensive Approach to Optimizing Aboveground Biomass Estimation on UAV-Based Datasets
Authors: Khan Muhammad Nouman , Tan Yumin , He Lingfeng , Dong Wenquan , Dong Shengxian
Published: January 2025

Estimating aboveground biomass (AGB) is vital for sustainable forest management and helps to understand the contributions of forests to carbon storage and emission goals. In this study, the effectiveness of plot-level AGB estimation using height and crown diameter derived from UAV-LiDAR, calibration of GEDI-L4A AGB and GEDI-L2A rh98 heights, and spectral variables derived from UAV-multispectral and RGB data were assessed. These calibrated AGB and height values and UAV-derived spectral variables were used to fit AGB estimations using a random forest (RF) regression model in Fuling District, China. Using Pearson correlation analysis, we identified 10 of the most important predictor variables in the AGB prediction model, including calibrated GEDI AGB and height, Visible Atmospherically Resistant Index green (VARIg), Red Blue Ratio Index (RBRI), Difference Vegetation Index (DVI), canopy cover (CC), Atmospherically Resistant Vegetation Index (ARVI), Red-Edge Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVIre), Color Index of Vegetation (CIVI), elevation, and slope. The results showed that, in general, the second model based on calibrated AGB and height, Sentinel-2 indices, slope and elevation, and spectral variables from UAV-multispectral and RGB datasets with evaluation metric (for training: R2 = 0.941 Mg/ha, RMSE = 13.514 Mg/ha, MAE = 8.136 Mg/ha) performed better than the first model with AGB prediction. The result was between 23.45 Mg/ha and 301.81 Mg/ha, and the standard error was between 0.14 Mg/ha and 10.18 Mg/ha. This hybrid approach significantly improves AGB prediction accuracy and addresses uncertainties in AGB prediction modeling. The findings provide a robust framework for enhancing forest carbon stock assessment and contribute to global-scale AGB monitoring, advancing methodologies for sustainable forest management and ecological research.
Trends in Organic Food Choices and Consumption: Assessing the Purchasing Behaviour of Consumers in Greece
Authors: Madureira Teresa , Nunes Fernando , Veiga José , Mata Fernando , Alexandraki Maria , Dimitriou Lamprini , Meleti Ermioni , Manouras Athanasios , Malissiova Eleni
Published: January 2025

Consumer interest in organic food has surged globally, driven by health, sustainability, and ethical considerations. Key factors include perceived safety, nutritional benefits, and environmental impact, while high prices and limited availability remain barriers. This study examines the factors influencing organic food preferences among Greek consumers, focusing on attribute importance, demographic variations, purchasing locations, and regional differences. A sample of 250 consumers was analysed using a best-worst scaling methodology to research the importance of organic food attributes. The two main attributes were then further analysed using ordinal regression models. Health benefits, particularly the absence of chemicals, emerged as the most valued attribute, followed by nutritional value, absence of GMOs, better taste expectations, and environmental impact. Certification showed intermediary importance, and price, country of origin, availability, and natural appearance were found to have lower importance. Women and highly educated individuals show greater recognition of organic food’s health and nutritional advantages. Consumers in rural regions exhibited stronger preferences for organic products, influenced by cultural traditions, trust in local sourcing, and economic accessibility, while urban consumers displayed more scepticism. For the Greek participants included in the study, supermarkets dominate organic food sales due to affordability and convenience.
Genome-Wide Identification and Characterization of Histone Acetyltransferases and Deacetylases in Cucumber, and Their Implication in Developmental Processes
Authors: Skarzyńska-Łyżwa Agnieszka , Turek Szymon , Pisz Maksymilian , Aparna Aparna , Pląder Wojciech , Pawełkowicz Magdalena
Published: January 2025

Background/Objectives: Cucumber (Cucumis sativus) provides a model for exploring the molecular basis of sex determination, particularly the regulation of floral organ differentiation through gene expression. This complex process is modulated by epigenetic factors, such as histone acetyltransferases (HATs) and histone deacetylases (HDACs), which respectively activate and repress gene transcription by adding or removing acetyl groups from histone proteins. Despite their known functions, the roles of HATs and HDACs throughout cucumber’s floral developmental stages remain unclear. Methods: In this study, we conducted a genome-wide analysis of HAT and HDAC gene families in cucumber, examining their phylogenetic relationships, gene structures, protein domains, and expression profiles across various stages of floral development. Results: We identified 36 CsHAT and 12 CsHDAC genes, grouping them into families with evolutionary counterparts in other plant species. RNA sequencing revealed stage-specific expression patterns, suggesting dynamic roles for these gene families in floral organ development. Conclusions: These findings contribute valuable insights into the epigenetic regulation of gene expression in cucumber flower formation, presenting avenues for further research on the genetic control of plant reproductive development.
Integrated Plant Design for Green Hydrogen Production and Power Generation in Photovoltaic Systems: Balancing Electrolyzer Sizing and Storage
Authors: Franco Alessandro , Carcasci Carlo , Ademollo Andrea , Calabrese Mattia , Giovannini Caterina
Published: January 2025

This study evaluates the performance and feasibility of hybrid photovoltaic–hydrogen systems integrated with 4.2 MW PV installations, focusing on the interplay between electrolyzer capacity, energy storage, and hydrogen production. Key findings reveal that downsizing electrolyzers, such as using a 1 MW unit instead of a 2 MW model, increases operational efficiency by extending nominal power usage, though it reduces total hydrogen output by approximately 50%. Meanwhile, expanding energy storage systems show diminishing returns, with added capacity offering minimal gains in hydrogen production and raising economic concerns. The system’s performance is highly weather-dependent, with daily hydrogen production ranging from 26 kg on cloudy winter days to 375 kg during sunny summer conditions. Surplus energy export to the grid peaks at 3300 kWh during periods of high solar generation but is minimal otherwise. For economic and operational viability, the system design must prioritize directing a majority of PV energy to hydrogen production while minimizing grid export, requiring a minimum of 50% PV energy allocation to the hydrogen value chain. Cost analysis estimates a Levelized Cost of Hydrogen (LCOH) as low as €6/kg with an optimized configuration of a 2 MW electrolyzer and 2 MWh battery. Although high production costs challenge economic sustainability, careful component optimization and supportive policies can enable competitive hydrogen pricing and a positive net present value (NPV) over the system’s lifetime.
Decoding Local Adaptation in the Exploited Native Marine Mussel Mytilus chilensis: Genomic Evidence from a Reciprocal Transplant Experiment
Authors: Yévenes Marco , Gajardo Gonzalo , Gallardo-Escárate Cristian
Published: January 2025

Local adaptations are important in evolution as they drive population divergence and preserve standing genetic diversity essential for resilience under climate change and human impacts. Protecting locally adapted populations is essential for aquaculture species. However, high larval connectivity and frequent translocations challenge this in Chilean blue mussel (Mytilus chilensis) aquaculture, a world-class industry in Chiloé Island. This study examined local adaptations in two ecologically distinct natural beds, Cochamó (northernmost inner sea of Chiloé) and Yaldad (southernmost tip), through a 91-day reciprocal transplant experiment and genomic evidence. Cochamó mussels grew faster in their native environment (0.015 g/day) than Yaldad (0.004 g/day), though growth declined upon transplantation. Mussels transplanted within and between beds displayed distinctive adaptive transcriptomic responses, with differentially expressed genes involved with immune function, osmoregulation, metabolism, and cellular balance. Additionally, 58 known outlier SNPs mapped over the species’ genome sequence were linked with adaptive genes involved with osmoregulation, oxidative stress, and oxygen management, revealing selection-targeted specific genome regions. This study highlights how translocations affect the adaptive genomic response of M. chilensis and the impact of local environments in counterbalancing its genetic connectivity, concluding that the genomic differences in natural beds should be monitored and conserved for sustainable aquaculture practices.
GraphPhos: Predict Protein-Phosphorylation Sites Based on Graph Neural Networks
Authors: Wang Zeyu , Yang Xiaoli , Gao Songye , Liang Yanchun , Shi Xiaohu
Published: January 2025

Phosphorylation is one of the most common protein post-translational modifications. The identification of phosphorylation sites serves as the cornerstone for protein-phosphorylation-related research. This paper proposes a protein-phosphorylation site-prediction model based on graph neural networks named GraphPhos, which combines sequence features with structure features. Sequence features are derived from manual extraction and the calculation of protein pre-trained language models, and the structure feature is the secondary structure contact map calculated from protein tertiary structure. These features are then innovatively applied to graph neural networks. By inputting the features of the entire protein sequence and its contact graph, GraphPhos achieves the goal of predicting phosphorylation sites along the entire protein. Experimental results indicate that GraphPhos improves the accuracy of serine, threonine, and tyrosine site prediction by at least 8%, 15%, and 12%, respectively, exhibiting an average 7% improvement in accuracy compared to individual amino acid category prediction models.
Probiotic Spores of Shouchella clausii SF174 and Displayed Bromelain Show Beneficial Additive Potential
Authors: Corona Rowena , Bontà Valeria , Baccigalupi Loredana , Ricca Ezio
Published: January 2025

Probiotics have health-beneficial properties mainly due to either a direct action on the host or the modulation of the host microbiota. Health-beneficial properties have also been associated with a variety of plant-derived molecules, widely used as dietary supplements. This study explores the possibility of combining the actions of probiotics and of plant-derived molecules by developing beneficial, probiotic-carrying, heterologous molecules. To this extent, spores of SF174, a well-characterized probiotic strain of Shouchella clausii (formerly Bacillus clausii), were used to bind bromelain, a plant-derived mixture of endopeptidases with beneficial effects. Probiotic spores displaying bromelain maintained their antioxidant activity and acquired the endopeptidase activity of the heterologous molecule. The endopeptidase activity was stabilized by the interaction with the spore and largely preserved from degradation at simulated gastric conditions. Under conditions mimicking those encountered in the intestine, as well as upon spore germination, active bromelain was released from the spore surface. The in vitro results reported in this study support the idea that probiotics carrying beneficial heterologous molecules combine the health properties of the probiotic with those of the delivered molecule and pave the way for the development of a novel class of functional probiotics.
Exploration of Appetite Regulation in Yangtze Sturgeon (Acipenser dabryanus) During Weaning
Authors: Wang Bin , Tang Ni , Chen Shuhuang , Zhang Xin , Chen Defang , Li Zhiqiong , Zhou Bo
Published: January 2025

Yangtze sturgeon is an endangered fish species. After weaning, some Yangtze sturgeon fry refuse to consume any food, which causes a low survival rate during the artificial breeding period. This study showed that the body length and body weight of failed weaning Yangtze sturgeons were significantly lower than those of successful weaning sturgeons. Since the brain is the center of appetite regulation, RNA-seq of the brain was employed to analyze the differentially expressed genes and their biological functions in successfully and unsuccessfully weaned fry. After that, 82,151 unigenes and 3222 DEGs were obtained. Based on the results of RNA-seq, appetite factors, including POMC, CART, NPY and AgRP, were cloned, and then a weaning experiment was designed to explore the changes in appetite after feeding a microcapsule diet (weaning group). The results showed that, during the weaning period, the expression of CART was increased on the 1st and 3rd days but decreased on the 5th, 6th, 8th and 10th days. The expression of AgRP was downregulated on the 1st and 3rd days but upregulated on the 5th, 6th, 8th and 10th days. These findings indicate that appetite was suppressed in the early and middle periods but enhanced in the latter period of weaning and that CART may play an important role in the appetite-suppressing effect.
The Effects of Podophyllotoxin Derivatives on Noncancerous Diseases: A Systematic Review
Authors: Strus Piotr , Sadowski Karol , Ploch Weronika , Jazdzewska Adrianna , Oknianska Paulina , Raniszewska Oliwia , Mlynarczuk-Bialy Izabela
Published: January 2025

Podophyllotoxin (PPT) is commonly used for genital warts due to its antimitotic properties and relatively good accessibility since it can be extracted from plants in low-economy countries. However, due to relatively high toxicity, it cannot be used in a systematic way (intravenously). Thus, there is a need to find or create an equally effective derivative of PPT that will be less toxic. Natural PPT is a suitable and promising scaffold for the synthesis of its derivatives. Many of them have been studied in clinical and preclinical models. In this systematic review, we comprehensively assess the medical applications of PPT derivatives, focusing on their advantages and limitations in non-cancerous diseases. Most of the existing research focuses on their applications in cancerous diseases, leaving non-cancerous uses underexplored. To do that, we systematically reviewed the literature using PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane databases from January 2013 to January 2025. In total, 5333 unique references were identified in the initial search, of which 44 were included in the quantitative synthesis. The assessment of the quality of eligible studies was undertaken using the PRISMA criteria. The risk of bias was assessed using a predefined checklist based on PRISMA guidelines. Each study was independently reviewed by two researchers to evaluate bias in study design, reporting, and outcomes. Our analysis highlights the broad therapeutic potential of PPT derivatives, particularly in antiviral applications, including HPV, Dengue, and SARS-CoV-2 infections. Apart from their well-known anti-genital warts activity, these compounds exhibit significant anti-inflammatory, antimitotic, analgesic, and radioprotective properties. For instance, derivatives such as cyclolignan SAU-22.107 show promise in antiviral therapies, while compounds like G-003M demonstrate radioprotective effects by mitigating radiation-induced damage. To build on this, our review highlights that PPT derivatives, apart from anti-genital warts potential, exhibit four key properties—anti-inflammatory, antimitotic, analgesic, and radioprotective—making them promising candidates not only for treating viral infections such as HPV, Dengue, and SARS-CoV-2 but also for expanding their therapeutic potential beyond cancerous diseases. In conclusion, while PPT derivatives hold great potential across various medical domains, their applications in non-cancerous diseases remain limited by the scarcity of dedicated research. Continued exploration of these compounds is essential to unlock their full therapeutic value.
CX3CL1 Regulation of Gliosis in Neuroinflammatory and Neuroprotective Processes
Authors: Gutiérrez Irene L. , Martín-Hernández David , MacDowell Karina S. , García-Bueno Borja , Caso Javier R. , Leza Juan C. , Madrigal José L. M.
Published: January 2025

Among the different chemokines, C-X3-C motif chemokine ligand 1 or CX3CL1, also named fractalkine, is one of the most interesting due to its characteristics, including its unique structure, not shared by any other chemokine, and its ability to function both in a membrane-bound form and in a soluble form, among others. However, undoubtedly, its most relevant characteristic from the neuroscientific point of view is its role as a messenger used by neurons to communicate with microglia. The study of the interaction between both cell types and the key role that CX3CL1 seems to play has facilitated the identification of CX3CL1 as a crucial modulator of microglial activation and a promising target in the fight against neuroinflammation. As a result, numerous studies have contributed to elucidate the involvement of CX3CL1 and its specific receptor CCX3CR1 in the progression of different neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative processes, with Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases being the most studied ones. However, the different animal and cellular models used to reproduce the pathological conditions to be analyzed, as well as the difficulties inherent to studies performed on human samples, have hindered the collection of compatible results in many cases. In this review, we summarize some of the most relevant data describing the alterations found for the CX3CL1/CX3CR1 signaling axis in different neurodegenerative conditions in which neuroinflammation is known to play a relevant role.
The Impact of Age Differences and Injury Severity on Pedestrian Traffic Crashes: An Analysis of Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes
Authors: Alharbi Rayan Jafnan
Published: January 2025

Background/Objectives: The incidence of pedestrian traffic injuries is an escalating concern for public health worldwide. Particularly in fast-developing nations, such as Saudi Arabia, these injuries form a significant portion of trauma-related healthcare challenges. This study aims to explore age-specific differences in trends, seasonal variations, and the overall impact of pedestrian traffic injuries in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, with a focus on injury characteristics and clinical outcomes. Methods: The study conducted a retrospective analysis using data from the Saudi Trauma Registry (STAR) covering the period between August 2017 and December 2022. It employed descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, and multivariable linear regression analyses to explore demographic trends, characteristics of injuries, and hospital-based outcomes. Results: This study analyzed data from 1062 pedestrian injury cases, revealing key demographic and clinical patterns. Most incidents occurred on weekdays (71.9%) and during nighttime hours (63.3%), with seasonal peaks observed from April to June (30.4%). The lower extremities (27.5%) and head (21.3%) were the most frequently injured body regions. ICU admissions were more common among individuals aged 30–40, females, and those with head or chest trauma, while higher in-hospital mortality was associated with patients over 60 years old, transport by private or police vehicles, and extended ICU and hospital stays. Approximately 25.6% of cases required ICU care, with an overall in-hospital mortality rate of 4.9%. Conclusions: This study provides an in-depth analysis of pedestrian traffic injuries treated at a trauma center in Riyadh, highlighting significant demographic, temporal, and clinical patterns. Understanding these trends is essential for optimizing resource allocation and improving emergency care outcomes. Furthermore, the identified age-specific risk factors and seasonal variations underscore the critical need for targeted interventions and policy enhancements to improve road safety and reduce the burden of pedestrian injuries.
Does Silane Application Affect Bond Strength Between Self-Adhesive Resin Cements and Feldspathic Porcelain?
Authors: Thiranukoon Pakpilai , Klaisiri Awiruth , Sriamporn Tool , Swasdison Somporn , Thamrongananskul Niyom
Published: January 2025

This study aimed to evaluate the shear bond strengths of six self-adhesive resin cements (SACs) on porcelain surfaces and to compare the effectiveness with and without silane application. One hundred and twenty feldspathic porcelain specimens were prepared, etched with 9.5% HF, and divided into two main groups: (i) without silane, and (ii) with silane application. Each main group was further divided into six subgroups, testing six various SACs. Shear bond strength was measured using a universal testing machine, and the de-bonded surfaces were examined with a stereomicroscope. The statistical analysis was tested with two-way ANOVA and post hoc with Tukey’s. The results showed that Panavia SA Luting Multi had the highest shear bond strength, especially with silane application, while G-Cem One exhibited the lowest in the absence of silane. The addition of silane application significantly improved the shear bond strengths of G-Cem One, Panavia SA Luting Multi, and RelyX Unicem compared to situations without silane application. The adhesive and mixed failure modes were found to depend on the brand of SACs. No cohesive failure was detected. The study concludes that Panavia SA Luting Multi achieves superior shear bond strength on feldspathic porcelain when used with a separate silane agent. The etched feldspathic porcelain surface primed with silane coupling agent is recommended for optimal bond strength when using with SACs such as G-Cem One, Panavia SA Luting Multi, or RelyX Unicem.
Analysis of Structural and Magnetic Phase Transitions in Multiferroic Y-Type Hexaferrite Systems by Means of Transverse Magnetic Susceptibility
Authors: Hernández-Gómez Pablo , Bernardo Óscar , Muñoz José María
Published: January 2025

Transverse magnetic susceptibility is an excellent tool to study singularity points as anisotropy and switching fields in different bulk and nanostructured systems, as well as phase transitions. This technique has been carried out on polycrystalline Y-type hexaferrites, with compositions Ba2−xSrxCo2Fe12O22, (0.0 ≤ x ≤ 2.0), and Ba2−xSrxZn2Fe12O22, (1.3 ≤ x ≤ 1.7), promising candidates to exhibit multiferroic properties due to their noncollinear spin structure. In the Co2Y system, different behavior is observed depending on the Sr substitution rate, with a secondary maximum observed for samples with x ≥ 1.0 and different shapes in the measurement temperature range analyzed. In the Zn2Y system, several peaks related to the phase transitions that take place are observed, with certain variations depending on the degree of Ba substitution and the applied field in a more or less extended region around the ambient temperature. This type of measurement is a valuable tool to determine the bias field and temperature range of spin transitions.
The Microbial Diversity and Biofilm Characteristics of d-PTFE Membranes Used for Socket Preservation: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial
Authors: Franović Barbara , Čandrlić Marija , Blašković Marko , Renko Ira , Komar Milas Katarina , Markova-Car Elitza Petkova , Mohar Vitezić Bojana , Gabrić Dragana , Gobin Ivana , Vranić Sabina Mahmutović , Perić Kačarević Željka , Peloza Olga Cvijanović
Published: January 2025

Background: Understanding microbial colonization on different membranes is critical for guided bone regeneration procedures such as socket preservation, as biofilm formation may affect healing and clinical outcomes. This randomized controlled clinical trial (RCT) investigates, for the first time, the microbiome of two different high-density polytetrafluoroethylene (d-PTFE) membranes that are used in socket preservation on a highly molecular level and in vivo. Methods: This RCT enrolled 39 participants, with a total of 48 extraction sites, requiring subsequent implant placement. Sites were assigned to two groups, each receiving socket grafting with a composite bone graft (50% autogenous bone, 50% bovine xenograft) and covered by either a permamem® (group P) or a Cytoplast™ (group C). The membranes were removed after four weeks and analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) for bacterial adherence, qPCR for bacterial species quantification, and next-generation sequencing (NGS) for microbial diversity and composition assessment. Results: The four-week healing period was uneventful in both groups. The SEM analysis revealed multispecies biofilms on both membranes, with membranes from group C showing a denser extracellular matrix compared with membranes from group P. The qPCR analysis indicated a higher overall bacterial load on group C membranes. The NGS demonstrated significantly higher alpha diversity on group C membranes, while beta diversity indicated comparable microbiota compositions between the groups. Conclusion: This study highlights the distinct microbial profiles of two d-PTFE membranes during the four-week socket preservation period. Therefore, the membrane type and design do, indeed, influence the biofilm composition and microbial diversity. These findings may have implications for healing outcomes and the risk of infection in the dental implant bed and should therefore be further explored.
Wave Motion Response Analysis of Flip-Type Ocean Aquaculture Platforms Based on AQWA
Authors: Qin Hongling , Peng Li , Wang Zhiyuan , Wu Siqi , He Wei , Yang Yuanping , Li Jian , Zhang Hao
Published: January 2025

The stability of deep-sea aquaculture equipment under extreme sea conditions such as typhoons directly affects the safety and operational reliability of the aquaculture platform, which in turn affects the economic benefits of fish farming. Therefore, it is particularly important to systematically analyze the hydrodynamic response of aquaculture facilities using numerical methods. This paper employs the hydrodynamic analysis software AQWA, integrating the boundary element method of three-dimensional potential flow theory with the Morison equation, to conduct hydrodynamic research on a flip-type aquaculture platform. The calculations include the platform’s amplitude response operators (RAOs), added mass, as well as motion responses and mooring line tensions under extreme sea conditions. The results indicate that the platform’s sway, surge, and heave motions are highly sensitive to wave frequency in the low-frequency range, with a significant resonance phenomenon occurring at a wave frequency of 0.84 Hz. The main wind and wave responses of the platform manifest as surge and roll motions. To address this issue, it is recommended to add additional anchor chains on the short sides of the platform to effectively reduce the amplitude of surge and roll motions. Furthermore, under extreme sea conditions when the platform faces the windward waves on the short side, its motion response frequency is lower than when facing the windward waves on the long side, but the difference in response amplitude between the two conditions is small.
Comparative Analysis of Floc Measurement Setups for Characterising Settling Velocities and Size Distributions
Authors: Ali Waqas , Kirichek Alex , Manning Andrew J. , Chassagne Claire
Published: January 2025

Floc size distribution and settling velocities are crucial parameters for characterising cohesive sediments, as they influence how these sediments behave in various environmental settings. The accurate measurement of these properties is essential, with different methods available depending on the scope of the study. For long-term monitoring, in situ techniques based on laser diffraction are commonly used, while video microscopy techniques are preferred for shorter studies due to their ability to provide detailed information on individual particles. This study compares two high-magnification digital video camera setups, LabSFLOC-2 and FLOCCAM, to investigate the impact of particle concentration on settling velocity in flocculated sediments. Flocculated clay was introduced into settling columns, where both the size and settling velocities of the flocs were measured. The results obtained from both setups are in line with each other, even though the FLOCCAM was slightly more efficient at capturing images of small particles (of size less than 50 microns) and LabsFLOC-2 was better at detecting large size fraction particles (having a low contrast due to the presence of organic matter). Floc size and settling velocity measurements from both setups however exhibit mostly similar trends as a function of clay concentration and the same order of magnitudes for the recorded settling velocities.
Species Diversity of Gymnopus Section Levipedes in Southwestern China, with a Description of Three New Species
Authors: Feng Wei-Chao , Li Xiao-Yan , Cui Yang-Yang , Cai Qing
Published: January 2025

Species of Gymnopus sect. Levipedes are challenging to delimitate due to the morphological similarity among different taxa. In this study, morphological characteristics, molecular phylogenetic data, and ecological traits were integrated to investigate the species diversity of this section of southwestern China. A total of 17 species were documented in the region, including three new species, namely G. sinobrevipes, G. flavoalbus, G. yunnanensis, and two species new to the studied area—G. bicolor and G. ocior. Detailed descriptions and illustrations of the three new species are presented, along with comparisons to closely related or morphologically similar species. The remaining species included five that were originally described from southwestern China, four that were first identified from Europe, two from the Republic of Korea, and one from North America. Six of these species, originally described outside of China, currently lack molecular evidence to support their distributions in southwestern China. Finally, 11 species with morphological and molecular evidence were recognized in southwestern China. A key to these species is also provided.
Implications of Land Ownership Heterogeneity on Household Food Security: A Case Study of Urban Farming in Pietermaritzburg, KwaZulu-Natal Province
Authors: Thamaga-Chitja Joyce M. , Tamako Nthabeleng , Ojo Temitope O.
Published: January 2025

Understanding the impact of land ownership on household food security is crucial for achieving sustainable rural and agricultural development in developing countries through improved farm performance. Using a multistage sampling technique to collect data from 156 urban farmers, this study analysed the impact of land ownership on household food security of urban farmers in Pietermaritzburg, KwaZulu-Natal Province of South Africa. This study employed the probit model to evaluate the drivers of land ownership among urban farmers, while the marginal treatment effects model was employed to address selection bias attributed to observed and unobserved characteristics. The analysis of food security status reveals varying degrees of food insecurity, with the majority of households experiencing mild food insecurity and a smaller proportion facing moderate food insecurity. Our results show that land ownership likelihood is positively and significantly influenced by monthly income, age, and membership to a cooperative, while gender and distance to market have negative and significant impacts. The empirical results also show that land ownership significantly reduces household food insecurity by 50%. In conclusion, the interplay of educational level, household size, access to water, access to credit, and distance to a market with land ownership significantly shapes food security outcomes. A comprehensive understanding of these relationships is essential for developing effective policies aimed at enhancing food security, particularly in regions where land ownership is a critical determinant of agricultural productivity and food availability.
Exposure to Acute Concentration of Malathion Induced Behavioral, Hematological, and Biochemical Toxicities in the Brain of Labeo rohita
Authors: Ullah Sana , Ahmad Saeed , Ashraf Muhammad Kashif , Bilal Muhammad , Iqbal Tariq , Azzam Mahmoud M.
Published: January 2025

A surge has been observed in the use of pesticides to boost agricultural yield in order to feed the continuously increasing human population. Different types and classes of broad-spectrum insecticides are in use, and the number is constantly increasing with the introduction of new ones. Keeping in view the broad-spectrum effects of organophosphate pesticides including Malathion (MLN), their use is continuously increasing without appraising their toxic impacts on non-target organisms. The continuous rise in the use of MLN has led to its presence, persistence, and transport to water bodies globally, subsequently affecting commercially valuable aquatic organisms. The current study was conducted to assess MLN-induced hematological and biochemical toxicities in the brain of a commercially valuable indigenous major carp, rohu, Labeo rohita. The fish was exposed to an acute concentration of commercial-grade MLN. The LC50 of MLN (5 µg/L) led to behavioral inconsistencies and subtle impacts on the hematology (an increase in white blood cells and a reduction in red blood cells, hemoglobin, packed cell volume level, and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration) and biochemistry (an increase in reactive oxygen species, lipid peroxidation, activities of antioxidant enzymes (catalase, peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione, glutathione reductase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione-S-transferase) but a reduction in total protein content and activity of Na+/K+ ATPases) in the brain tissues. MLN also inhibited the activity of Acetylcholinesterase, while it led to an increase in Acetylcholine. Significant changes were observed in the serum biochemical profile; for example, glucose, cholesterol, potassium, urea, and total bilirubin increased, whereas total protein, sodium, chloride, albumin, and inorganic phosphate decreased after exposure. The current study clearly classified MLN as highly toxic to rohu. Therefore, the extra-judicious use of MLN should be strictly supervised. Studies concerning the real-world concentration of pesticides should be carried out on regular basis to mitigate the echoing issue of pesticide-based pollution.
The Level of Adherence to Organic Food Consumption and Risk of Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Theodoridis Xenophon , Papaemmanouil Androniki , Papageorgiou Niki , Georgakou Athina Vasiliki , Kalaitzopoulou Ioustini , Stamouli Marilena , Chourdakis Michail
Published: January 2025

The available literature reports inconclusive findings regarding the frequency of organic food consumption and cancer incidence. This systematic review evaluated the effect of the frequency of organic food consumption on overall and site-specific cancer risk. Four electronic databases (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science Core Collection, and Embase), the gray literature, and the reference lists of the included reports were searched for eligible studies. Study screening, data abstraction, and risk of bias assessment were performed by two independent examiners. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals using a random effects model were utilized to synthesize the available data from the included studies. There was no difference between the two interventions regarding overall cancer (HR = 0.93, 95% CI: 0.78–1.12), breast cancer (HR = 1.01, 95% CI: 0.81–1.26), colorectal cancer (HR = 1.01, 95% CI: 0.93–1.10), and non-Hodgkin lymphoma risks (HR = 0.70, 95% CI: 0.17–2.94). The findings suggest that the overall and site-specific cancer risk are not associated with the frequency of consumption of organic foods. Further research is necessary to provide more evidence for the role of organic food consumption on the incidence of cancer using homogeneous methodologies to define the frequency of organic food consumption.