bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ENGLISH AND INDONESIAN GREETINGS AS ADJACENCY PAIRS: A PRAGMATIC STUDY
Authors: Sultan Arni Arsyad
Published: October 2020

A speaker customarily opens the conversation by saying greeting to his or her interlocutor. At a glance, greetings maybe not a complicated activity but for the most part, they are highly conventionalized and follow patterned routines. Despite it, the pattern or sequence of greetings along with its type is dynamic and developed. The research aimed to describe the kinds of verbal and non-verbal greetings customarily shown in every exchange, to reveal the sequence of English and Indonesian greetings as adjacency pairs in social exchange. The data consists of English collected from "Twelve Years a Slave" while Indonesian data are obtained from observation, record, and field notes. Both of the data are analyzed by using descriptive qualitative method. The result of this research indicates that there are four types of Indonesian sequential greetings uncovered by Firth's theory, characterized by interjection-question, question-body language, interjection-invitation, and invitation. Each is used in a single utterance for each pair. Second, English data indicate the sequences of greetings uttered by first pair and second are symmetrical, body language preceding question, and body language, on the other hand, Indonesian greeting sequence, the researcher finds an asymmetrical pattern, question preceding question, body language, and visual response. Miscellaneous greeting sequences also appeared in both such as affirmation and facial expression, question and affirmation, affirmation and invitation, invitation and affirmation, and also question and direct answer.
STUDENTS' SOCIAL PRESENCE AND PERCEIVED LEARNING TOWARD CCU COURSE IN ONLINE CLASSROOM (An Evaluating of Learning Process during Pandemic Coronavirus)
Authors: Yaman Nirwana , Muhlis Muhlis
Published: October 2020

Social distancing policies during the pandemic, have a significant influence on the education system in Indonesia. This condition requires all the education levels to carry out the learning process into an online classroom, although the readiness has not been well prepared. it certainly affects the quality of learning which previously still uses more face to face learning, no exception for English and Literature department at Islamic state university of Makassar. Cross Cultural Understanding as one of the compulsory course had switched completely to the online system for the first time. One way to measure the effectiveness of learning is to look at students' responses and reactions from their social presence and perceived learning. The purpose of this study was to gain insights into learners' social presence and perceived learning of online classrooms especially for CCU courses. Seventy (70) students of the English and Literature department were surveyed to identify helpful components and perceived challenges based on their online learning experiences in this course by using social presence scale questionnaires and online interviews. The results of the study illustrated the student's effort and expectation to the online classroom while most of them feel difficult and lack of activeness with online classrooms during the pandemic. Participants indicated that technical problems, lack of sense of community, time constraints, and the difficulties in understanding the objectives of the online courses as challenges.
SISTEM INFORMASI PEMBERITAHUAN ABSENSI SISWA KEPADA ORANG TUA MENGGUNAKAN SMS GATEWAY BERBASIS WEB DI SMP NEGERI 4 PAREPARE
Authors: TAHA SYAMSUMARLIN , RAIS MUH.
Published: October 2020

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menghasilkan sistem informasi pemberitahuan absensi siswa kepada orang tua menggunakan sms gateway berbasis web di SMP Negeri 4 Parepare. Penelitian ini merupakan jenis penelitian yang menggunakan metode Research and Development (R&D) dengan menggunakan  prosedur pengembangan Prototype dan pengujian kualitas perangkat lunak berdasar ISO 9126 dengan empat karakteristik, yakni karakteristik functionality, reliability, portability dan usability. Hasil penelitian ini adalah sebuah sistem pemberitahuan absensi siswa kepada orang tua menggunakan sms gateway berbasis web di SMP Negeri 4 Parepare dengan hasil pengujian dari functionality untuk sub karakteristik accurancy and suitability menunjukkan tingkat kelayakan 100% , untuk sub karakteristik security sistem dinyatakan aman dari malware, website blacklisting, injected SPAM, defacement, dan SQLInjection. Hasil pengujian reliability sistem dinyatakan sangat baik dengan tingkat kelayakan 100%, Pengujian portability menunjukan bahwa sistem ini mendukung desktop dan OS mobile, dan pada pengujian usability menunjukan tingkat kelayakan 84.90%.kata Kunci : Pemberitahuan Absensi, Os, Web sistem
NILAI OPTIMAL CLIP LIMIT METODE CLAHE UNTUK MENINGKATKAN AKURASI PENGENALAN WAJAH PADA VIDEO CCTV
Authors: NURZAENAB NURZAENAB , HADIS MUHAMMAD SABIRIN , ANGRIAWAN RANDY
Published: October 2020

Pengenalan wajah adalah salah satu penelitian yang banyak diminati komunitas peneliti.  Secara umum, pengenalan wajah melewati proses pre-processing wajah, ekstraksi wajah, klasifikasi wajah, dan rekognisi wajah. Penelitian ini menawarkan nilai parameter cliplimit yang optimal untuk meningkatkan akurasi pengenalan wajah pada video CCTV, karena sampai saat ini nilai cliplimit yang digunakan secara default adalah 0,01 dan belum tentu sesuai dengan kontras data uji setiap penelitian. Tantangan pada penelitian ini adalah data latih dan data uji yang berbeda dari resolusi citra sampai environment, dengan demikian tahap pre-processing sangat diperhatikan untuk dapat menghasilkan citra yang baik dari segi kontras sehingga fitur-fitur wajah dapat diekstraksi dengan baik. Akurasi yang diperoleh menggunakan nilai cliplimit secara default lebih rendah 12,25% dari nilai cliplimit yang diusulkan yaitu 0,005. Sehingga nilai cliplimit yang diusulkan dapat digunakan untuk pengenalan wajah pada video CCTV dengan resolusi citra 96 x 96 dpi. Kata Kunci— CLAHE, Cliplimit, Pengenalan Wajah, Video CCTV.
SIMULASI KENDALI CERDAS LEVEL NUTRISI HIDROPONIK PADA BUDIDAYA SAYUR BAYAM
Authors: ANTAMIL ANTAMIL , SYAFAR A. MUHAMMAD , FUADI NURUL
Published: October 2020

Dasar Penelitian ini adalah untuk merancang dan membangun sistem kendali hidroponik untuk sayur bayam. Sistem kontrol akan menampilkan volume air dan nutrisi yang perlu ditambahkan setiap hari untuk menjaga pertumbuhan sayur bayam yang baik. Tipe nutrisi yang digunakan adalah tipe AB Mix yang banyak tersedia dipasaran. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode simulasi, dimana sistem terdiri dari 2 bahan utama nutrisi yaitu larutan X dan larutan Y yang ditambahkan dengan air sumur. Rasio dari 3 bahan ini berubah dapat berubah setiap minggu selama siklus pertumbuhan. Sistem akan terus memantau konsentrasi larutan dan ketinggian level nutrisi, serta persediaan air dan persediaan nutrisi X dan Y. Karena sistem dirancang untuk diluar ruangan, maka proses penyinaran akan terjadi secara alami. Sistem ini harus mampu menyediakan nutrisi yang memadai dan jumlah air yang cukup serta interaksi yang paling minimum dengan operator. Setelah siklus pertumbuhan selesai maka sistem selalu siap untuk mulai penanaman kembali. Kata Kuci : Kendali Cerdas, Hidroponik, AVR328, Mikrokontroler
EDUKASI MANAJEMEN PENGETAHUAN BAGI PELAKU USAHA MIKRO KABUPATEN KEDIRI
Authors: Novianti Khusnul Rofida
Published: October 2020

Kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat ini bertujuan untuk memberikan edukasi bagi para pelaku usaha mikro pada Kelompok Usaha Produk Unggulan Kabupaten Kediri, Jawa Timur. Metode pelaksanaan kegiatan dengan menggunakan sosialisasi dan Focus Group Discussion (FGD) kepada para pelaku usaha mikro berdasarkan jenis usaha yang dikelola. Hasil proses kegiatan bahwa pelaku usaha mikro sebenarnya sudah mempraktikan beberapa aspek dalam manajemen pengetahuan tanpa disadari, yakni berbagi pengetahuan. Sedangkan aspek manajemen pengetahuan yang lain (khususnya pendokumentasian pengetahuan) belum dilakukan secara maksimal. Pelaksanaan sosialisasi ini diharapkan mampu memberikan literasi pengetahuan terkait pentingnya proses manajemen pengetahuan dalam keberlanjutan usaha mikro
Intracanalicular injection of N-acetylcysteine as adjunctive treatment for sialoceles in dogs: 25 cases (2000-2017)
Authors: Ortillés Ángel , Leiva Marta , Allgoewer Ingrid , Peña María T.
Published: October 2020

OBJECTIVE

To describe intracanalicular injection of 10% N-acetylcysteine (IINAC) as adjunctive treatment for sialoceles in dogs.

ANIMALS

25 client-owned dogs.

PROCEDURES

Hard copy medical records at 2 veterinary ophthalmology practices were searched to identify dogs that underwent IINAC for treatment of sialoceles from January 2000 to December 2017. Signalment, affected salivary gland, clinical signs, duration of signs, other treatments administered, diagnostic tests performed, anesthetic approach, N-acetylcysteine volume administered, complications, follow-up time, and recurrence of sialoceles were recorded. Descriptive statistics were reported.

RESULTS

Boxers and mixed-breed dogs were most commonly represented. Subjectively decreased globe retropulsion and conjunctival or periorbital swelling (23/25 [92%] dogs each) were the most common clinical signs, with no vision deficits in any patient. The zygomatic gland was mainly affected (23/25 [92%] dogs), followed by parotid and mandibular glands (1 [4%] dog each). The condition was unilateral in 22 (88%) dogs. Ultrasonography (19/25 [76%] dogs), MRI (14 [56%]), fine-needle aspiration (20 [80%]), and biopsy (4 [16%]) were performed; however, the condition was deemed idiopathic in 22 (88%) dogs. Most IINACs were performed with local anesthesia (median volume, 5 mL/gland; range, 1.5 to 9 mL). No complications were identified. Other treatments included antimicrobials and anti-inflammatories. Mean follow-up time was 18.8 months. All recurrences (5/23 [22%] dogs) were controlled with medical management.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE

Results suggested noninvasive IINAC may be a useful adjunctive treatment for sialoceles in dogs. The procedure was easily and safely performed with local anesthesia (or general anesthesia with concurrent diagnostic imaging) in these dogs.
Novel use of a combination of extracellular matrices for wound healing following resection of a large inferior eyelid mass in a miniature Hereford
Authors: Foote Braidee C. , Smith Joseph S. , Allbaugh Rachel A. , Sebbag Lionel , Ben-Shlomo Gil
Published: October 2020

CASE DESCRIPTION

A 9-month-old miniature Hereford heifer was evaluated for a mass on the right inferior eyelid that had progressed in size over 3 months.

CLINICAL FINDINGS

Physical examination revealed a firm, ulcerated, pedunculated mass on the right inferior eyelid that extended from the medial quarter to beyond the lateral canthus of the eye. The base of the mass measured 7.4 × 6.7 cm, and the dorsal margin of the base of the mass was approximately 3 mm ventral to the inferior eyelid margin. Histologic evaluation of incisional biopsy specimens from the mass was consistent with fibrosarcoma.

TREATMENT AND OUTCOME

The mass was surgically resected with care taken to preserve the eyelid margin. The resulting 10 × 8.5-cm surgical wound was treated with adjunct CO2 laser therapy and closed by primary closure at its medial and central aspects and placement of a 4.6 × 2.6-cm lyophilized equine amnion multilayer graft and 2 sheets of 4-ply porcine small intestinal submucosa at its lateral aspect. The grafts were kept moist by alternating topical antimicrobial and artificial tear ointments for 3 weeks. The wound healed without complications, resulting in a functional and aesthetically pleasing outcome despite the development of moderate ectropion at the lateral aspect of the inferior eyelid.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE

Results suggested that a combination of extracellular matrix scaffolds may be an alternative to extensive skin flaps for management of large dermal wounds, particularly wounds resulting from blepharoplasty where preservation of an eyelid margin is desired.
Cross-sectional evaluation of multiple epidemiological cycles of Leptospira species in peri-urban wildlife in California
Authors: Straub Mary H. , Foley Janet E.
Published: October 2020

OBJECTIVE

To perform a cross-sectional survey to estimate prevalence of and potential risk factors for Leptospira spp infection and exposure in peri-urban wildlife throughout California.

ANIMALS

723 animals representing 12 wildlife species.

PROCEDURES

Blood and urine samples were obtained from wildlife in California from 2007 to 2017. Live animals were captured in humane traps, anesthetized, and released. Carcasses were donated by wildlife services and necropsied for urine, blood, and kidney tissue samples. Samples were tested for antibodies against 6 serovars of Leptospira spp with a microscopic agglutination test and for pathogenic Leptospira spp DNA with a real-time PCR assay targeting the LipL32 gene. Potential risk factors for Leptospira spp exposure were assessed by logistic regression. Genetic relatedness of Leptospira spp were assessed with DNA sequencing of the rrs2 gene and multiple locus sequence analysis.

RESULTS

Statewide Leptospira spp seroprevalence was 39.1%, and prevalence of positive PCR assay results for Leptospira spp DNA was 23.0%. Risk factors for Leptospira spp exposure included being an adult, being from northern California, and being a western gray squirrel, coyote, striped skunk, raccoon, gray fox, or mountain lion. Antibodies against serovar Pomona predominated in most species, followed by serovar Copenhageni. Complete rrs2 sequences were identified as Leptospira interrogans and multiple locus sequence type analysis revealed sequence type 140.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE

Pathogenic Leptospira spp appeared to be common and widespread among peri-urban wildlife in California. Our data highlight the potential for exposure to infectious disease for both humans and domestic animals at the urban-wildland interface.
Long-term management of congestive heart failure secondary to mitral stenosis in a ring-tailed lemur (Lemur catta)
Authors: Murphy Shane D. , Ward Jessica L. , Smith Jodi D. , Gall Andrew J. , Olds June E.
Published: October 2020

CASE DESCRIPTION

A 15-year-old sexually intact female ring-tailed lemur (Lemur catta) was evaluated for a heart murmur and progressive radiographic cardiomegaly.

CLINICAL FINDINGS

The lemur was clinically normal at the time of initial evaluation. Results of transthoracic echocardiography performed when the animal was anesthetized indicated mitral valve stenosis and severe left atrial dilation. Three months later, signs of left-sided congestive heart failure (CHF; coughing, exercise intolerance, and tachypnea) were observed and confirmed by the presence of radiographic pulmonary edema.

TREATMENT AND OUTCOME

Medical treatment that consisted of aspirin, benazepril, furosemide, pimobendan, spironolactone, and ultimately torsemide in lieu of furosemide successfully controlled the lemur's clinical signs for 33 months after the development of CHF. Euthanasia was then elected on the basis of perceived poor quality of life because tachypnea became refractory to progressively higher dosages of diuretic. Necropsy confirmed mitral stenosis with severe left atrial dilation and chronic pulmonary congestion.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE

The present report described the long-term medical management of CHF secondary to mitral stenosis in a lemur. Mitral stenosis was suspected to be a congenital defect, similar to the cause of mitral stenosis reported for dogs and cats, rather than to be an acquired change in association with rheumatic heart disease as commonly occurs for people. The lemur's CHF was well managed for 33 months with treatment, including pimobendan, which was well tolerated.
Relationship between fall risks and activities of daily living in older individuals
Authors: Arli Senay Karadag , Yildiz Metin , Bakan Ayse Berivan
Published: October 2020

Objective

To investigate the relationship between fall risks and maintaining activities of daily living in individuals aged 65 and over.

Methods

This study is cross-sectional. It was conducted with 233 individuals who were aged 65 and over in Family Health Centers located in the eastern part of Turkey between February and June 2018.

Results

The mean older individuals’ DENN Fall Risks Assessment Scale score was 11.73 ± 7.13, and 62.2% of the participants were in the high-risk group. Barthel Index of Activities of Daily Living (ADL) mean score was 68.03 ± 25.36, and 45.1% of the participants were in the moderately dependent group. There was a statistically significant, negative correlationship between Barthel Index of ADL score and age and DENN Fall Risks Assessment Scale score. In addition, there was a statistically significant, positive relationship between the DENN Fall Risks Assessment Scale score and age (p < 0.01).

Conclusions

This study found that level of dependency and fall risks increased with the increase in age. Effective global and multidisciplinary interventions are needed to decrease older individuals’ dependency levels and fall risks today when the number of older individuals is increasing.
Young adults’ perceptions of breastfeeding in public: a focus group study
Authors: Yip Ka-Huen , Yip Yuk-Chiu , Lee Catherine Man-Yin , Siu Mei-Yi , Ngai Shu-Ying , Chow Mei-Kuen
Published: October 2020

Objective

To elucidate the perceptions of young Chinese adults aged 18–25 toward adopting breastfeeding in public in Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (Hong Kong), China.

Methods

A descriptive and exploratory study design was adopted. Participants were recruited by convenience sampling. Focus group data were collected from three semi-structured interviews. Responses from 18 participants were audiotaped, transcribed verbatim, coded, and analyzed using content analysis.

Results

Four themes emerged that described the young adults’ perceptions and barriers toward breastfeeding practices: (1) adaptability of self and others, (2) cultural deem and practice, (3) convenience and connection, and (4) education and advocacy. Interestingly, all respondents (male and female) are aware of the benefits of breastfeeding. Their negative perceptions toward breastfeeding initiation and continuation originate from factors that are essentially extraneous to the mother–infant dyads (such as the breadth and intensity of sociopolitical support, the dominant social beliefs and norms, and the inadequacy of breastfeeding education in adolescent years).

Conclusions

In general, the young adult's perception of breastfeeding is dominated by sociopolitical and cultural-related factors. In particular, sexualization of breasts as a deep-rooted belief in the Chinese context negatively affects young adults’ perceptions and limits their breastfeeding practices.
Nursing decision support system: application in electronic health records†
Authors: Wu Mi-Zhi , Pan Hong-Ying , Wang Zhen
Published: October 2020

The clinical decision support system makes electronic health records (EHRs) structured, intelligent, and knowledgeable. The nursing decision support system (NDSS) is based on clinical nursing guidelines and nursing process to provide intelligent suggestions and reminders. The impact on nurses’ work is mainly in shortening the recording time, improving the quality of nursing diagnosis, reducing the incidence of nursing risk events, and so on. However, there is no authoritative standard for the NDSS at home and abroad. This review introduces development and challenges of EHRs and recommends the application of the NDSS in EHRs, namely the nursing assessment decision support system, the nursing diagnostic decision support system, and the nursing care planning decision support system (including nursing intervene), hoping to provide a new thought and method to structure impeccable EHRs.
Factors associated with the nurses’ intent to stay in China, Japan, and Korea: an integrative review
Authors: Xue Ting , Jiang Wen-Bin , Ma Meng-Di , Zhang Jie , Lu Ming-Hui , Jiang Yong-Mei
Published: October 2020

Objective

Nurse's dimission and attrition are globally considered as a public health issue. However, few studies have focused on the nurse shortage from the perspective of intent to stay, as previous studies have focused only on why they left. The purpose of this study was to conduct an integrative review of the factors connected with why nurses in China, Japan, and Korea stay in their current workplace.

Methods

The review was done using three databases namely CNKI, Wanfang, and Web of science. The relevant studies published by Chinese, Japanese, and Koreans from 2010 were also included in this review. Literature screening and data extraction were performed by the two researchers, and the qualitative research methods were used for analysis.

Results

A total of 17 studies were analyzed in this review and of these two were qualitative and 15 were quantitative. Three themes and six sub-themes emerged from the synthesization of the data of 17 studies, which will help us to find the factors for nurses’ intent to stay. The three aspects such as professional characteristics, nurses’ individual characteristics, and organizational factors are the main contributing factors of nurses’ intent to stay.

Conclusions

This integrated review has thrown some important factors about nurses’ intent to stay. It is increasingly clear that when (1) nurses have a good professional status, (2) nurses could enjoy a good working relationship, (3) the workplace could meet the needs of personal development, and (4) nurses have good organizational support and excellent leaders, they are inclined to stay in their current jobs. Managers need to adopt targeted measures to improve nurses’ intent to stay and to provide a practical reference for health care institutions and managers in different countries and areas to increase the retention rate of nurses and to alleviate the current situation of nurse shortage.
Trade shocks and youth jobs
Authors: Olabisi Michael
Published: October 2020

This paper examines the impacts of trade on youth employment in the United States. The overarching goal is to link lessons from the decline of manufacturing jobs in the past decades to future prospects for the US economy. We find higher rates of job losses with exposure to import competition for US youth, than for older workers. Our analysis uses buyer–supplier relationships between sectors of the US economy to show that the direct effects of trade on the importing sectors underrepresent the impact of trade on jobs.
THE NARRATIVE OF DUAL MEDIUM IN A MULTILINGUAL CONTEXT OF A BLACK URBAN AREA IN GRADE R
Authors: Sekhukhune C D
Published: October 2020

This article is a critical analysis of how a black urban primary school in South Africa used dual medium in two Grade R (Reception year or kindergarten) classes. An ethnographic inquiry was conducted in a township primary school, informed by sociocultural theory. The sample comprised children, teachers and parents of classes divided by the school according to the learnersâ€™ home languages. Data collection included interviews, observations, artefacts and a reflective journal, analysed using Atlas.ti software and Brewerâ€™s steps of analysis. Language code-switching and translation were mainly employed by teachers to address language complexity emanating from internal and external factors affecting the school. Having to learn in a dual medium of one African language or home language and English highlighted the need to revisit the crucial area of language development and acquisition in early childhood development and foundation phase learners.
Transformational Leadership: Lessons from Ramosileiâ€™s Leadership Study in the Vhembe District, Limpopo Province, South Africa
Authors: Musitha Mavhungu Elias
Published: October 2020

Educators are faced with classroom problems in South African schools which force them to quit as they cannot find solutions to them. This study investigated whether there were lessons to be learned from a successful study by a retired school teacher in the former Venda in Limpopo Province of South Africa. A qualitative approach was adopted to explain and describe the study. Data was obtained from both primary sources such as speeches where the researcher took down notes during the interview proceedings and also from secondary data extracted from literature. From the notes taken by the researcher, information was collated and analysed to answer the research questions. This study has revealed that learning and teaching should be integrated in the classroom and the teacher should provide leadership all the time and understand that learners are not small adults but children who need an adult to take them by the hand and guide them towards adulthood. This study recommends that the lessons from Ramosilei should be shared with other schools. It also proposes that schools could succeed if they establish stakeholder relationships with the management and administration of schools.
SECULARISM FOR DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Davies Lynn
Published: October 2020

Secular governance is argued to be essential to stable development.Â  From this it is contended that a secular approach to education is also central to development.Â  The paper explores how religion can be complicit in conflict and fragility, and can be part of extremism or repressive nationalism.Â  It outlines the amplification spiral of religion in conflict and violence, in order to propose a dynamic secularism to break this cycle.Â  Eight myths of secularism are outlined and dismissed.Â  The implications for education are fivefold:Â  avoiding segregation by religion;Â  not stereotyping or dehumanising â€˜othersâ€™; using a rights-based approach to values which cuts across all religions; preparing learners for a secular democratic citizenship; and insisting on critical thinking for teachers and learners.Â  While in dynamic secularism all religions are accepted, they must not be elevated above other forms of ideology or grouping, and must be subject to the same critiques.Â
Decolonisation Versus Hegemony: Making History Compulsory in Basic Education
Authors: Musitha Mavhungu Elias , Mafukata Mavhungu Abel
Published: October 2020

This study investigates the possibility of making History a compulsory subject up to Grade 10 in South African schools. At present, History is part of the Social Sciences learning area taught from Grade 4 to Grade 9. History is not a compulsory subject from Grade 10. In a quest to promote social cohesion and unity in the South African society that was fragmented along racial and ethnic lines, the democratic government has sought to introduce History as a compulsory subject as it is seen as a tool to unite the nation and to promote decolonisation, nation-building and social cohesion. The study reported on in this article was an anti-positivist study based on a literature review. The researchers found that there was a general consensus among scholars and politicians that History should be made a compulsory subject. Yet they also found that there were those who were sceptical about its introduction as a compulsory subject for they feared the intention might be to use it as a political tool and that it might discourage those who intended studying it. Therefore, the researchers recommend that in order to pave the way for making History a compulsory subject at schools, a democratic curriculum committee should be established to design a History curriculum that accommodates all the population groups in the country. Furthermore, the public should be given the opportunity to participate by giving their input into the proposed curriculum.
Policy Design for Non-anthropocentric Pathways to Protect Biodiversity and Re-generate the Land
Authors: McIntyre-Mills Janet Judy
Published: October 2020

This article is a thinking exercise to re-imagine some of the principles of a transformational vocational education and training (VET) approach underpinned by participatory democracy and governance, and is drawn from a longer work on an ABC of the principles that could be considered when discussing ways to transform VET for South African learners and teachers. The purpose of this article is to scope out the social, cultural, political, economic and environmental context of VET and to suggest some of the possible ingredients to inspire co-created design. Thus the article is just a set of ideas for possible consideration and as such it makes policy suggestions based on many ways of knowing rooted in a respect for self, others (including sentient beings) and the environment on which we depend. The notion of African Renaissance characterises the mission of a VET approach in South Africa that is accountable to this generation of living systems and the next.
RECONCEPTUALISING THE ROLE OF NARRATIVE IN EDUCATION AND DEVELOPMENT IN AFRICA: LESSONS FROM THE FIELD
Authors: Stephens David
Published: October 2020

There has been a major â€˜turnâ€™ towards narrative, biographical and life history approaches in theÂ academy over the last 30 years. But whereas some significant narrative research has been carriedÂ out in the West, such approaches are in their infancy on the African continent. This article exploresÂ narrative at three levels from the influence of Western meta narratives to the national and moreÂ personal narratives of teachers and students. Drawing on two periods of narrative field work inÂ Ghana and South Africa, the article concludes with a discussion of three important lessons to beÂ learnt from the field: that the relationship between â€˜grandâ€™ hegemonic narratives and individualÂ life histories needs to be re-thought; that context and culture provide the hermeneutic â€˜glueâ€™ thatÂ provides meaning to the field narratives; and that narrative research can provide alternativeÂ sources of evidence for policymakers.
The Use of Hand Puppets to Increase Intrinsic Motivation during Science Learning of 6th And 7th Grade Learners in Dikgale, Limpopo Province, South Africa: A Case Study
Authors: Potgieter Annelize , McCabe R V , Potgieter M J
Published: October 2020

One of the most important psychological concepts required for enhanced learning is motivation. This is especially true for science, which is seen by learners as being difficult. This study investigated the motivational changes with regard to studying science and the gender and age differences when using hand puppets in the science classroom. In order to examine this, a 7-week intervention involving the teaching of science by means of hand puppets was conducted in two Grade 6 and two Grade 7 classes in rural-based Dikgale, Limpopo Province, South Africa. The learnersâ€™ motivation was assessed in terms of basic psychological needs, intrinsic and extrinsic motivation, with a questionnaire before and after the intervention. Data were analysed using a paired sample t-test, an independent t-test and a MANCOVA. The results show an increase in basic psychological needs and intrinsic motivation, and a decrease in extrinsic motivation for science, after the use of hand puppets. In addition, it appears that there are no gender and age differences regarding motivational change when using hand puppets in science education. It is therefore concluded that hand puppets are a promising teaching method that positively affects the motivation of school learners studying science. Thus it is recommended that further research in the form of an experimental longitudinal design be undertaken to ascertain long-term motivational changes.
EXAMINING SERVANT LEADERSHIP IN EFFECTIVE SCHOOL GOVERNANCE
Authors: Nienaber Hester
Published: October 2020

The issue of effective school governance ensuring quality in education in South Africa is often raised in the literature. Some authors are of the view that the current form of school governance is sophisticated and complex. A question that arises is whether school governing board members have the skills to effectively discharge their responsibility. Literature suggests training as a means of capacitating members to be able to effectively do so. However, limited success is achieved with training. The question thus arises whether the training is perhaps too limited. Servant leadership is examined as an alternative to empower members of school governing bodies to effectively discharge responsibilities. According to servant leadership, all members of a group/community, irrespective of designation, can contribute to the betterment of the group/community.
Shifting the Lenses: Multilanguaging, Decolonisation and Education in the Global South, edited by Leketi Makalela
Authors: McKay Veronica Irene
Published: October 2020

Book Review
Mapping Capacity to Deal with Difference: Towards a Diagnostic Tool for Critical Diversity Literacy
Authors: Steyn Melissa , Burnett Scott , Ndzwayiba Nceba
Published: October 2020

South Africa today faces both increasingly radical calls for systemic change from various sectors, and apparently intransigent organisational cultures whose performance in delivering racial â€œtransformationâ€ and equality in the workplace has been extremely disappointing. It is argued that a different way of managing organisations is possible, but that this requires both a commitment to a new set of values, and the possession of the skills to deal with difference, which are summarised as critical diversity literacy (CDL). In order to improve CDL capacity within organisations, baseline measurements are necessary to tailor interventions and to track progress. We propose a preliminary metric based on data gathered from practical interventions, including leadership interviews in a large national organisation, that revolve around five thematic hooks: (1) society at large, (2) the organisationâ€™s understanding of the past, (3) ideologies around change, (4) apportioning of responsibility, and (5) the conception of difference. Ways of identifying capacity (positive scripts) or lack thereof (negative scripts) are proposed and discussed as a preface to future work on deepening and refining the model.
An Exploratory Study of Trade Union Pluralism in Ghana
Authors: Parku Kenneth E. , Lamptey Yvonne Ayerki
Published: October 2020

The practice of trade union pluralism at an enterprise level is seen as problematic for both the management of enterprises and the trade union movement. The problems arise from inter-union rivalries, competition and disputes over demarcations of privileges and rights. This article explores the practice of trade union pluralism at the enterprise level in Ghana with the aim of creating awareness of the effect of the practice on the general trade union movement. This qualitative study employed a cross-sectional design and used purposive and snowball sampling methods in selecting the participants. The data was analysed thematically. The findings from the study show that union pluralism is stimulating the decline in general union membership, the breakaway of local unions from the federations, and employersâ€™ classification of workers based on their qualifications once they are employed by organisations, and their assignment to specific unions (automatic membership at enterprise level). It is suggested that employment laws encourage union breakaways, which weakens the unions especially at the enterprise level. It is recommended that the state, labour officials and policy-makers should enforce labour laws, especially regarding freedom of association, and consider revisiting or amending some labour laws to curb their abuse. The government and labour institutions need to work together to operationalise the implementation of legal provisions on freedom of association or consider amending the provisions to curb the existing abuse.
Skills Training in the Informal Sector: Perspectives from Ghana
Authors: Lamptey Yvonne Ayerki , Debrah Yaw A.
Published: October 2020

Youth unemployment is a major concern in sub-Saharan Africa. Unemployment usually results from the lack of appropriate skills to enter the labour market. In Ghana, many enter the informal sector to train for a vocation, but the problem with acquiring skills in the informal sector is that the training is usually informal and unstructured. This article explores the modes of training in the informal sector to find out how the skills provided aid the employability of these workers. It provides empirical evidence to anchor policies on education and institutional policy prescriptions towards effectively equipping the youth with both employable and entrepreneurial skills that promote economic growth in the country. This research adopts a qualitative approach to explore training in the informal sector, and follows the grounded theory process to collect and analyse data. In all, 26 respondents were sampled using the purposive and convenience methods. The findings indicate that training designed for informal workers is not linked to the development agenda of the state, and the institutions are challenged in the execution of their mandates. Some beneficiaries are unable to implement their learning for lack of start-up capital, and they divert to other entrepreneurial activities as a survival strategy. The government needs to plan for the development of entrepreneurial skills in the informal sector, to extend the coverage of this development and to support the industrialisation agenda.
Female Attorneys in South Africa: A Quantitative Analysis
Authors: Meyer Tamlynne
Published: October 2020

Law is an established profession, traditionally white, male and middle-class. Since 1994, there has been a strong focus on transformation in the South African legal profession, largely focusing on racial transformation, with meaningful gender transformation lagging behind. This article illustrates at a quantitative level the gendered landscape of the South African attorneyâ€™s profession. The findings show that in the past decade there has been a steady increase in the number of female law graduates and the number of females admitted as attorneys. The occupational structure shows that the junior levels of the profession are dominated by females, and that there is a lack of diversity and transformation as regards the senior and most sought-after positions in the profession. Not only are female partners outnumbered, they are also significantly under-represented, with only half of them being represented at the partnership level, whereas males are over-represented at that level. South Africa has no shortage of laws and policies promoting gender equality and transformation. Unfortunately, these laws and policies have done very little to liberate female attorneys as they move through the ranks of the profession. The article concludes by raising questions that should be qualitatively explored in future research.
Editorial
Authors: Grobler Anton
Published: October 2020

Editors Comment
Employee engagement and the work-family conflict relationship: The role of personal and organisational resources
Authors: Amah Okechukwu Ethelbert
Published: October 2020

Organisations in Africa face constant challenges on account of internal operational issues, and the economic and political situation on the continent. Hence, organisations in Africa and indeed all over the world are expected to be continuously efficient and effective in the use of scarce resources in order to survive. Accordingly, studies conducted all over the world, including in Africa, have established that high employee engagement is beneficial to organisations, because engaged employees exhibit discretionary behaviour that achieves superior business results. However, some studies suggest that organisations are also faced with the undesirable situation in which highly engaged employees experience high levels of work-family conflict. This relationship has implications for both productivity and ethical aspects, and past empirical studies have been unable to suggest a way out. This study proposes that, on the basis of the conservation of resources model and job demand and resources model, organisational and personal resources could play a major role in resolving the dilemma. Hierarchical regression analysis confirmed that organisational resources, servant leadership and personal resources were able to provide a solution, so that individuals with high values of these resources experienced less work-family conflict. The study also discussed the practical implications of the results for HRM and sustainability HRM.
â€œWe cannot discriminate against someone without an eye or a leg â€¦ But I do look at obesityâ€: Statistical discrimination and employersâ€™ recruitment strategies at housecleaning service companies in Johannesburg
Authors: Du Toit David
Published: October 2020

The landscape of paid domestic work has changed considerably in recent years with the growth in the number of housecleaning service companies in South Africa and elsewhere. Housecleaning service companies transform domestic work into a service economy where trained domestic workers render a professional cleaning service to clients. In South Africa, little is known about the factors that employers at housecleaning service companies take into consideration during the selection and recruitment process. A key feature of paid domestic work is the gender, class and race constructions of domestic workers, the vast majority of whom are women, usually women of colour, from low socio-economic backgrounds. Whether we are seeing a change in the demographic profile of domestic workers with the growth of housecleaning service companies remains unclear. This paper therefore focuses on the recruitment strategies of employers at selected housecleaning service companies in Johannesburg in an attempt to shed light on the challenges that jobseeking domestic workers may face. Open-ended interviews with managers revealed that gender, race, age, long-term unemployment, and technical and personal skills of job-seeking domestic workers have a strong impact on the recruitment process, while immigration status plays a somewhat reduced role. This paper concludes that housecleaning service companies have not changed the demographic profile of domestic workers in South Africa yet, and that paid domestic work is still predominantly a black womanâ€™s job.
Psychological work immersion enablers and behavioural indicators: Exploring socio-demographic differences among staff members
Authors: Coetzee Melinde , Veldsman Dieter
Published: October 2020

Research on surface-level diversity pertaining to differences among gender, age, race and tenure groups regarding their psychological work immersion has been limited in the South African organisational context. The present study explored whether gender, age, race and tenure groups differ significantly in terms of their perceptions of organisational enablers and behavioural indicators of employee engagement as measured by the psychological work immersion scale. The sample was a non-probability sample (N = 1 268) of individuals employed across various South African industries. The sample was predominantly made up of females (74%) and black people (86%) in the early (49%: 21â€“35 years) and establishment (51%: 36â€“50 years) career phases. Most individuals in the sample had less than five years of work experience (69%). Tests for independent samples revealed significant differences among the biographical groups on the psychological work immersion enabler and behavioural indicator variables. The results indicated that surface-level diversity characteristics are important to consider in strengthening employeesâ€™ work immersion as an aspect of employment relations. The differences observed provide valuable insights that could potentially be used by management in the design of business performance and retention strategies.
The use of external perceived injustices by AMCU in the South African Platinum Mining Industry
Authors: WÃ¶cke Albert , Marais Jana
Published: October 2020

Social movement theories applied to industrial relations are insufficient to explain recruitment and collective action focused on perceived injustices that are external to the workplace and that an employer has a limited ability to influence. The South African platinum mining industry has been characterised by increased collective action and the emergence of a new independent union at the expense of the incumbent union. The new union has mobilised primarily on external injustices that employers cannot directly influence. 299 Union members were interviewed of rival unions to examine the effect of using external perceived injustices as the main driver for collective action in the platinum mining industry in 2012//2013. The findings extend prior research on social movement theory and industrial relations and discuss the implications for unions allied to government and employers.
Representivity: The Achilles heel of bargaining councils
Authors: Holtzhausen Maggie
Published: October 2020

The legislative requirement of representivity of parties to bargaining councils remains one of the main challenges these institutions face. When trade unions and/or employersâ€™ organisations are deemed to be unrepresentative, this could lead to the ultimate collapse of the council, or result in collective agreements not being extended to non-parties â€“ thereby defeating the purpose of centralised collective bargaining. This research has thrown light on representation levels by demonstrating that they are not stagnant, but change constantly. The research indicates that today private sector councils especially are often faced with unrepresentative parties, mainly because of economic and political challenges and significant changes in the world of work. Examples are given of how councils deal with these challenges, if at all. The research indicates that even though representivity remains a huge challenge for councils, collective agreements are still in the main extended to non-parties. Nevertheless, there is evidence that the extension of agreements has been challenged. This article therefore throws light on and improves our understanding of non-representivity matters in certain bargaining councils, and by extension our understanding of non-representivity in other bargaining councils as well. It concludes with certain recommendations. Hence, this article contributes to existing knowledge by providing a more inclusive and integrated view of non-representivity and its consequences, thereby enriching the broader employment relations management context.
Exploring Professional Nurses’ Use of the Nursing Process at Selected Public Hospitals in Limpopo, South Africa
Authors: Mutshatshi Takalani Edith , Mothiba Tebogo Maria , Mamogobo Pamela Mafengwe
Published: October 2020

The nursing process is regarded as a systematic approach in which professional nurses use problem-solving to identify, plan and implement nursing interventions to enhance quality patient care. The steps of the nursing process include assessment, nursing diagnosis, planning, implementation and evaluation. However, nurses’ effective and efficient use of the nursing process steps in public hospitals still poses a challenge due to several factors. The current study is significant to nursing practice as the nursing process remains a standard of nursing practice for hospitals to provide quality patient care. The purpose of the study was to explore professional nurses’ use of the assessment and implementation steps of the nursing process at selected public hospitals in the Vhembe District, Limpopo, South Africa. A qualitative, phenomenological, descriptive, explorative and contextual research design was used. Non-probability purposive sampling was used to select professional nurses who were using the nursing process in the nursing care units until data saturation was reached with 13 participants. The data was collected using semi-structured one-on-one interviews using an interview guide, and then analysed using Tesch’s open-coding method where themes and sub-themes emerged. The study found that the participants’ initial assessment of patients during admission is an achievable performance, while implementation of the set nursing intervention is still a challenge on different levels. It is recommended that a problem-based learning approach be made a compulsory practical teaching method in order to equip nurses with the knowledge of the nursing process at all nursing education institutions.