bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Properties of Arctic liquid and mixed-phase clouds from shipborne Cloudnet observations during ACSE 2014
Authors: Achtert Peggy , O'Connor Ewan J. , Brooks Ian M. , Sotiropoulou Georgia , Shupe Matthew D. , Pospichal Bernhard , Brooks Barbara J. , Tjernström Michael
Published: December 2020

Abstract. This study presents Cloudnet retrievals of Arctic clouds from measurements conducted during a 3-month research expedition along the Siberian shelf during summer and autumn 2014. During autumn, we find a strong reduction in the occurrence of liquid clouds and an increase for both mixed-phase and ice clouds at low levels compared to summer. About 80 % of all liquid clouds observed during the research cruise show a liquid water path below the infrared black body limit of approximately 50 g m−2. The majority of mixed-phase and ice clouds had an ice water path below 20 g m−2. Cloud properties are analysed with respect to cloud-top temperature and boundary layer structure. Changes in these parameters have little effect on the geometric thickness of liquid clouds while mixed-phase clouds during warm-air advection events are generally thinner than when such events were absent. Cloud-top temperatures are very similar for all mixed-phase clouds. However, more cases of lower cloud-top temperature were observed in the absence of warm-air advection. Profiles of liquid and ice water content are normalized with respect to cloud base and height. For liquid water clouds, the liquid water content profile reveals a strong increase with height with a maximum within the upper quarter of the clouds followed by a sharp decrease towards cloud top. Liquid water content is lowest for clouds observed below an inversion during warm-air advection events. Most mixed-phase clouds show a liquid water content profile with a very similar shape to that of liquid clouds but with lower maximum values during events with warm air above the planetary boundary layer. The normalized ice water content profiles in mixed-phase clouds look different from those of liquid water content. They show a wider range in maximum values with the lowest ice water content for clouds below an inversion and the highest values for clouds above or extending through an inversion. The ice water content profile generally peaks at a height below the peak in the liquid water content profile – usually in the centre of the cloud, sometimes closer to cloud base, likely due to particle sublimation as the crystals fall through the cloud.
Microbial functional signature in the atmospheric boundary layer
Authors: Tignat-Perrier Romie , Dommergue Aurélien , Thollot Alban , Magand Olivier , Vogel Timothy M. , Larose Catherine
Published: December 2020

Abstract. Microorganisms are ubiquitous in the atmosphere, and some airborne microbial
cells were shown to be particularly resistant to atmospheric physical and
chemical conditions (e.g., ultraviolet – UV – radiation, desiccation and the presence of radicals). In
addition to surviving, some cultivable microorganisms of airborne origin
were shown to be able to grow on atmospheric chemicals in laboratory
experiments. Metagenomic investigations have been used to identify specific
signatures of microbial functional potential in different ecosystems. We
conducted a comparative metagenomic study on the overall microbial
functional potential and specific metabolic and stress-related microbial
functions of atmospheric microorganisms in order to determine whether
airborne microbial communities possess an atmosphere-specific functional
potential signature as compared to other ecosystems (i.e., soil, sediment, snow, feces, surface seawater etc.). In the absence of a specific atmospheric signature, the atmospheric samples collected at nine sites around the world were similar to their underlying ecosystems. In addition, atmospheric samples were characterized by a relatively high proportion of fungi. The higher proportion of sequences annotated as genes involved in stress-related functions (i.e., functions related to the response to desiccation, UV radiation, oxidative stress etc.) resulted in part from the high concentrations of fungi that might resist and survive atmospheric physical stress better than bacteria.
The extremely warm summer of 2018 in Sweden – set in a historical context
Authors: Wilcke Renate Anna Irma , Kjellström Erik , Lin Changgui , Matei Daniela , Moberg Anders , Tyrlis Evangelos
Published: December 2020

Abstract. Two long-lasting high-pressure systems in summer 2018 led to persisting heatwaves over Scandinavia and other parts of Europe and an extended summer period with devastating impacts on agriculture, infrastructure, and human life. We use five climate model ensembles and the unique 263-year-long Stockholm temperature time series along with a composite 150-year-long time series for the whole of Sweden to set the latest heatwave in the summer of 2018 into historical perspective. With 263 years of data, we are able to grasp the pre-industrial period well and see a clear upward trend in temperature as well as upward trends in five heatwave indicators. With five climate model ensembles providing 20 580 simulated summers representing the latest 70 years, we analyse the likelihood of such a heat event and how unusual the 2018 Swedish summer actually was. We find that conditions such as those observed in summer 2018 are present in all
climate model ensembles. An exception is the monthly mean temperature for
May for which 2018 was warmer than any member in one of the five climate
model ensembles. However, even if the ensembles generally contain individual
years like 2018, the comparison shows that such conditions are rare. For the indices assessed here, anomalies such as those observed in 2018 occur in a maximum of 5 % of the ensemble members, sometimes even in less than 1 %. For all of the indices evaluated, we find that the probability of a summer such as that in 2018 has increased from relatively low values in the pre-industrial era
(1861–1890, one ensemble) and the recent past (1951–1980, all five
ensembles) to higher values in the most recent decades (1989–2018). An implication of this is that
anthropogenic climate change has strongly increased the probability of a
warm summer, such as the one observed 2018, occurring in Sweden. Despite this,
we still find such summers in the pre-industrial climate in our simulations, albeit with
a lower probability.
The impact of landscape evolution on soil physics: evolution of soil physical and hydraulic properties along two chronosequences of proglacial moraines
Authors: Hartmann Anne , Weiler Markus , Blume Theresa
Published: December 2020

Abstract. Soil physical properties highly influence soil hydraulic properties, which define the soil hydraulic behavior.
Thus, changes within these properties affect water flow paths and the soil water and matter balance.
Most often these soil physical properties are assumed to be constant in time, and little is known about their natural evolution.
Therefore, we studied the evolution of physical and hydraulic soil properties along two soil chronosequences in proglacial forefields in the Central Alps, Switzerland: one soil chronosequence developed on silicate and the other on calcareous parent material.
Each soil chronosequence consisted of four moraines with the ages of 30, 160, 3000, and 10 000 years at the silicate forefield and 110, 160, 4900, and 13 500 years at the calcareous forefield.
We investigated bulk density, porosity, loss on ignition, and hydraulic properties in the form of retention curves and hydraulic conductivity curves as well as the content of clay, silt, sand, and gravel.
Samples were taken at three depths (10, 30, 50 cm) at six sampling sites at each moraine.
Soil physical and hydraulic properties changed considerably over the chronosequence.
Particle size distribution showed a pronounced reduction in sand content and an increase in silt and clay content over time at both sites.
Bulk density decreased, and porosity increased during the first 10 millennia of soil development.
The trend was equally present at both parent materials, but the reduction in sand and increase in silt content were more pronounced at the calcareous site.
The organic matter content increased, which was especially pronounced in the topsoil at the silicate site.
With the change in physical soil properties and organic matter content, the hydraulic soil properties changed from fast-draining coarse-textured soils to slow-draining soils with high water-holding capacity, which was also more pronounced in the topsoil at the silicate site.
The data set presented in this paper is available at the online repository of the German Research Center for Geosciences (GFZ; Hartmann et al., 2020b). The data set can be accessed via the DOI https://doi.org/10.5880/GFZ.4.4.2020.004.
In-cloud scavenging scheme for sectional aerosol modules – implementation in the framework of the Sectional Aerosol module for Large Scale Applications version 2.0 (SALSA2.0) global aerosol module
Authors: Holopainen Eemeli , Kokkola Harri , Laakso Anton , Kühn Thomas
Published: December 2020

Abstract. In this study we introduce an in-cloud wet deposition scheme for liquid and ice phase clouds for global aerosol–climate models which use a size-segregated aerosol description. For in-cloud nucleation scavenging, the scheme uses cloud droplet activation and ice nucleation rates obtained from the host model. For in-cloud impaction scavenging, we used a method where the removal rate depends on the wet aerosol size and cloud droplet radii. We used the latest release version of ECHAM-HAMMOZ (ECHAM6.3-HAM2.3-MOZ1.0) with the Sectional Aerosol module for Large Scale Applications version 2.0 (SALSA) microphysics package to test and compare our scheme. The scheme was compared to a scheme that uses fixed scavenging coefficients. The comparison included vertical profiles and mass and number distributions of wet deposition fluxes of different aerosol compounds and for different latitude bands. Using the scheme presented here, mass concentrations for black carbon, organic carbon, sulfate, and the number concentration of particles with diameters larger than 100 nm are higher than using fixed scavenging coefficients, with the largest differences in the vertical profiles in the Arctic. On the other hand, the number concentrations of particles smaller than 100 nm in diameter show a decrease, especially in the Arctic region. These results could indicate that, compared to fixed scavenging coefficients, nucleation scavenging is less efficient, resulting in an increase in the number concentration of particles larger than 100 nm. In addition, changes in rates of impaction scavenging and new particle formation (NPF) can be the main cause of reduction in the number concentrations of particles smaller than 100 nm. Without further adjustments in the host model, our wet deposition scheme produced unrealistically high aerosol concentrations, especially at high altitudes. This also leads to a spuriously long lifetime of black carbon aerosol. To find a better setup for simulating aerosol vertical profiles and transport, sensitivity simulations were conducted where aerosol emission distribution and hygroscopicity were altered. Vertical profiles of aerosol species simulated with the scheme which uses fixed scavenging rates and the abovementioned sensitivity simulations were evaluated against vertical profiles from aircraft observations. The lifetimes of different aerosol compounds were also evaluated against the ensemble mean of models involved in the Aerosol Comparisons between Observations and Models (AEROCOM) project. The best comparison between the observations and the model was achieved with our wet deposition scheme when black carbon was emitted internally mixed with soluble compounds instead of keeping it externally mixed. This also produced atmospheric lifetimes for the other species which were comparable to the AEROCOM model means.
"Caine's Stake": Aimé Césaire, Emmett Till, and the Work of Acknowledgment
Authors: McCall Corey
Published: December 2020

Our reasons for avoiding death are manifold, encompassing among others, motives that are personal, political, and historical. Still, are there ways that we might use words to overcome these common everyday aversions to death and the dead through another modality of language, that of poetry for example? Can the poetic word get us to acknowledge the particulars of death despite the various reasons we have to disavow it? Might we use language not simply grasp death abstractly (or more accurately, fail to grasp it) but instead to realize what death means in its awful particularity? These questions are prompted by Aimé Césaire’s poerty and his prose, and by his elegy for Emmett Till in particular. Through his writings and his political work, one of Césaire’s key aims was to get people to acknowledge what they would prefer to avoid.  Césaire’s work, both his poetry and prose, urges readers to see the things they would prefer not to see and to show us how language stakes us to the world in all its terrifying awfulness and wondrous splendor, despite our desperate attempts to avoid this realization.This essay is divided into two parts. The first part looks at how this problem of alienation and the need to acknowle this alienation motivates Césaire’s writing more generally, focusing on the ten years between 1945 (when his essay “Poetry and Knowledge” is published) and 1955 (when the second edition of his Discourse on Colonialism is published). In order to consider how alienation and acknowledgement work in this celebrated text, I consider related works and their contexts from the period from 1950-1956, including his famous letter of resignation from the French Communist Party. This sets the stage for the reading of Césaire’s Ferraments provided in the second section.  The second part examines how and why Césaire sought acknowledgement for Emmett Till’s brutal murder through his poetry, focusing specifically on his poem “…On the State of the Union” from his 1960 collection Ferraments.
Corporate Governance of SOEs and Compliance With the SOE Governance Act in Namibia: A Survey
Authors: Shafuda Christopher P.P. , Lenz Rainer , Mirecki Matthew
Published: December 2020

This paper assessed the practices and standards of Corporate Governance for SOEs in Namibia. The results revealed that the state of the SOEs Corporate Governance system in Namibia is weak. SOEs are nearly uncontrolled and unmonitored regarding their Corporate Governance. Although the Government spends roughly half the size of its annual development budget on funding SOEs, it is not controlling the performance of its investments. The Namibian system of Corporate Governance is a decentralised model and relies almost solely on the Line Ministries to ensure compliance. However, the majority of Line Ministries are not executing their assigned ownership power. Most Line Ministries do not establish extra units or divisions for SOE monitoring, and instead, delegate the task of monitoring performance to staff across different divisions.
Overview of existing information on important closed (or in closing phase) and abandoned mining waste sites and related mines in Slovenia
Authors: Gosar Mateja , Šajn Robert , Miler Miloš , Burger Ana , Bavec Špela
Published: December 2020

The presented work provides a comprehensive inventory of data on closed (or in closing phase) and abandoned underground and surface mines and mining waste sites in Slovenia, collected within the framework of the Geological Survey of Slovenia (GeoZS) over the last two decades. Furthermore, a detailed overview of information on closed and abandoned mining waste sites in Slovenia is given. In order to establish the inventory, a definition of the work methodology, a comprehensive research of the archived and published literature, and the harmonisation and management of the collected data was carried out. Based on a selected methodology, the inventory contains information on 33 metal mines, 43 coal mines, 51 non-metallic mineral resource mines, 156 waste sites from metal mines and 18 waste sites from coal mines. The inventory is in the open access Google Earth file. It provides a basis for further research into the environmental impact of mining waste, which has been carried out since the EU Directive on the management of waste from extractive industries (Directive 2006/21/EC hereafter) was adopted into national law. In general, about 11,621,333 m3 of waste sites from metal mines and 76,188,000 m3 of waste sites from coal mines are covering about 678 hectares of Slovenian territory. More than half (64 %) of the waste from metal mines was produced in the Mežica lead and zinc mine, while the other two mines with a still significant share of produced waste were the Idrija mercury mine (18 %) and the Žirovski vrh uranium mine (15 %). Among the closed coal mines, the largest amount (46 %) of waste was generated by the coal mine Trbovlje-Hrastnik, while the other two coal mines with still significant share of waste produced were Kočevje (28 %) and Kanižarica (17 %).
Analysis of China’s Pure Electric Vehicle Sales Based on Spatial Econometric Models
Authors: Gu Huaying , Han Chaoqun
Published: December 2020

This paper empirically investigates the spatial dependence and serial correlation structures among different China’s brands of pure electric vehicle (EV) sales using spatial econometric models. Based on the newly proposed economic distance spatial weight matrix, the empirical results show that EV endurance mileage, power battery capacity, charging time, government subsidy, retail price, and each brand market share have important impacts on EV sales. The per capita disposable income of urban households, gasoline price, loan rate and the number of charging pile are statistically significant determinants of EV sales. In particular, the improvements of the number of charging pile and the rise of gasoline price can increase EV sales, while the rise of loan rate or tight monetary policy may increase the consumers’ cost of purchasing EVs and then decrease EV sales. Another interesting finding is that though the per capita disposable income of urban households increases the EV sales decreases. A plausible explanation would seem to be that the impact of the per capita disposable income of urban households on the EV sales is offset by the decline in government subsidies or the incomplete infrastructures such as the inconvenient of charging stations. Besides, the significantly positive spatial dependence and serial correlation exist among EV manufactures indicates that when developing EV sales strategies, EV manufacturers must consider not only the properties of the EVs they produce, but also the properties of similar types of EVs produced by other brands in the EV market.
Medisch tucht(proces)recht in vogelvlucht
Authors: Nunes O.L. , de Haan C.I.M.
Published: December 2020

Medisch tucht(proces)recht in vogelvlucht

In het medisch tuchtrecht, zoals neergelegd in de Wet BIG, beoordeelt het tuchtcollege of een zorgverlener volgens de (medisch) professionele standaard heeft gehandeld. Het wettelijk tuchtrecht is bedoeld om de kwaliteit van de individuele beroepsuitoefening te bevorderen en te bewaken.

Oswald Nunes en ChiChi de Haan beschrijven de tuchtrechtelijke procedure en gaan daarbij ook in op recente wijzigingen in het tuchtrecht.
Evaluating accessibility of small communities via public transit
Authors: Danesi Antonio , Tengattini Simone
Published: December 2020

Accessibility to and from urban centres allows small communities’ dwellers to participate in primary activities and use essential services that are not available on-site, such as educational, work and medical services. Public transport networks are supposed to enhance accessibility and pursue equity principles, overcoming socio-economical differences among people that can exacerbate during crisis. In this paper a methodology is proposed and implemented to assess small communities’ accessibility via public transit. A metric is defined based on the calculation of total travel time, taken as a proxy of travel impedance, with consideration of in-vehicle time, schedule delay and users’ arrival and departure preference curves (i.e. time-of-day functions). A “rooftops” model is specified and implemented under the assumption that travellers cannot accept (scheduled) late arrival or early departure time penalties before and after the participation in their activities in the main urban centre, as many activities rarely admit time-flexibility. Also, a public transport specific impedance factor (PTSIF) is proposed, in order to account for travel impedance determinants, which are a consequence of service scheduling and routing decisions and not due to inherent geographical and infrastructural disadvantages affecting car users too.
An application of the methodology for the city of Cesena, Italy, and 90 surrounding small communities is presented. The city is served by train and bus services. Assessment of small communities' accessibility based on both total travel time and PTSIF is presented and discussed.
This practice-ready quantitative method can help transport professionals to evaluate impacts on small communities’ accessibility in light of public transport service changes or reduction. Quantitative approach to support strategic decisions is needed, for example, both to assess public transport strengthening politics against depopulation of rural and marginal mountainous areas and to mitigate the effects of possible increasing concentration of services towards high-demand lines, which may follow as a consequence of budget cuts or contingencies, such as vehicle capacity reductions required by sanitary emergencies.
Crash data reporting systems in fourteen Arab countries: challenges and improvement
Authors: Abounoas Zahira , Raphael Wassim , Badr Yarob , Faddoul Rafic , Guillaume Anne
Published: December 2020

Traffic crash fatalities and serious injuries still represent a big burden for most Arab countries because the actual policies, strategies, and interventions are based on poorly collected data. Through this paper, we assessed the crash data reporting systems in Fourteen Arab countries via a survey conducted to identify the fundamental dysfunctions at the management and data collection levels. Then, to address some of the dataset problems, we had applied data mining technics to select a minimum of variables (crash, vehicle, and road user) that should be collected for a better understanding of crash circumstances. For this raison, three methods of selection (correlation, information gain, and gain ratio) and seven classifiers (naive Bayes, nearest neighbour, random forest, random tree, J48, reduced error pruning tree, and bagging) were tested and compared to identify the variables that affect significantly the crashes severity. Decision trees family of classifiers showed the best performance based on the analysis of the area under the curve. The explanatory variables obtained from the data mining process were combined with other descriptive variables to maintain traceability. As a result, we produced hybrid lists of variables for the crash, vehicle, and road user, each contains 25 variables. Finally, in order to propose a cost-effective solution to switch from manual to electronic data collection, we got inspired by a tool used to track animals to create and customize a unified e-form for handheld devices, in order to ensure easy entering of the harmonized data for the entire region based on our selected lists of variables. The tool verified the countries requirements especially by enabling data collection and transfer with and without the internet, and by allowing data analysis thought its built-in Geographic Information System (GIS) capabilities.
O PROBLEMA DA INTUIÇÃO MÍSTICA COMO INSTRUMENTO DE INVESTIGAÇÃO METAFÍSICA NA OBRA DE HENRI BERGSON
Authors: Ferreira Rildo da Luz
Published: December 2020

Bergson buscou o estabelecimento de uma nova metafísica, que levasse o ser humano a um conhecimento mais profundo de si mesmo e do cosmos, e que nesse processo fundasse uma nova moral, assim como outras categorias gnosiológicas que transcendessem o instrumentalismo violento de um mundo escravo de uma ciência excessivamente baconiana. Nosso propósito neste artigo é mostrar como, ao final de sua obra e vida, a temática religiosa surge como campo privilegiado para a realização e a compreensão da totalidade e da essência de seu projeto refundador da filosofia. Da crítica ao pragmatismo jamesiano à mística como única saída para o ser humano (transcendendo um pensamento geométrico em direção ao pensamento da duração), Bergson desenha no horizonte, ainda numa época cega a este questionamento, a indagação se de fato, como crê uma inteligência desavisada, a religião morreu como agente ativo no diálogo intelectual ocidental.
JEROBOÃO I E OS REIS DE ISRAEL
Authors: Artuso Vicente , Dietrich Luiz José , Nunes Marcus Vinícius de Souza
Published: December 2020

O estudo apresenta o estado da questão da história deuteronomista na sua relação com o pecado de Jeroboão.  O objetivo é destacar o caráter ideológico dos textos na ótica judaísta. O método é analítico e parte da suspeita dos textos que foram escritos com uma ótica antipoliteísta e antissamaritana e, portanto, incapaz de assimilar o modo de produção de conhecimento da própria religião e do reino do norte.  Assim a fidelidade ao Deus único e ao seu lugar de culto são os critérios epistemológicos da história deuteronomista. Prevalece uma visão negativa dos reis de Israel. Eles fizeram o mal aos olhos do Senhor como fez Jeroboão. O confronto das avaliações do reino de Judá com as do reino de Israel revela pequenas, mas significativas, contradições. Há uma clara tendência de hostilizar Jeroboão como aquele que fez Israel pecar, enquanto apenas Davi é citado como exemplo positivo.
ENSINO RELIGIOSO EM TESES
Authors: Junqueira Sergio Rogerio , Itoz Sonia
Published: December 2020

A análise aqui descrita é resultado de mais uma etapa do Projeto Concepções e Produção, desenvolvido no Programa Concepções e Recursos Didáticos do Ensino Religioso, pelos pesquisadores do Grupo de Pesquisa Educação e Religião (GPER). Projeto iniciado no ano de 2000, visando estabelecer a memória da construção do Ensino Religioso, assim como organizar e sistematizar as fontes produzidas no país para fundamentar a pesquisa.  O artigo é fruto de uma pesquisa bibliográfica, e se propôs realizar o Estado da Arte sobre o Ensino Religioso a partir das Teses disponibilizadas na sua integralidade. Compreendendo que a Tese é um trabalho de significado, para uma carreira acadêmica. As Teses foram localizadas no Banco de Dissertações e Teses da CAPES, como também nas publicações do Grupo de Pesquisa em Ensino Religioso – GPER, com identificação de produção acadêmico-científica, sobre o Ensino Religioso em 2018. Para isto, foram selecionados autores, para dialogar com os dados a partir da Ciência da Informação e da Metodologia Científica.
Time-dependent characteristics of two-layer functionally graded plates adhesively bonded by a viscoelastic interlayer based on Kirchhoff plate theory
Authors: YANG Zhiyuan , WU Peng , LIU Weiqing
Published: December 2020

An analytical solution is proposed to investigate the time-dependent characteristics of two-layer functionally graded plates with a viscoelastic interlayer. The elastic modulus in each graded layer varies through the thickness following an arbitrary function, and its mechanical properties are described based on the Kirchhoff theory. The Maxwell-Wiechert model is applied to simulate the viscoelastic adhesive interlayer with the neglect of memory effect. The energy equation of the system is expressed by the deformation components, which are expanded as the double trigonometric series. By virtue of variational method, the solutions of stress and deformation are determined efficiently. The comparison study indicates that the present solution matches the finite element solution well; however, the finite element method is highly time-consuming because of the fine mesh in the geometric shape and the time step. Finally, the influences of the geometry and material on the time-dependent behavior of the structure are discussed in detail.
Load distribution influence on the mechanical state of reinforcement concrete structures of a port storage facility
Authors: SAMOFALOV Michail , USTINOVIČIUS Leonas , ŠLAUTERIS Artūras
Published: December 2020

The stress/strain state of reinforcement concrete walls and foundation plate of a storage facility in the seaport of Klaipeda (Lithuania, the EU) is investigated, considering the distribution of loads from stored bulk materials. At the first, a simple test problem has been calculated: reinforcement slab 21´35 m in plane on 24 columns, which are located by a regular step. During creating the combinations of all 15 possible loadings of each „cell“, increased internal forces and reinforcement results to +20 % have been obtained. Next, a storage facility of bulk materials with dimensions 36´120 m in plane has been considered, when expected 16 loadings, 1/4 for each of four storage sectors, has been used in the FEM model. The results of the comparison with the ordinary calculation, in which each of sectors could be fully filled or be empty, have presented. The investigation results can be used for developing of industrial recommendations for the designing of storage facilities.
Mechanical Properties and Microstructural Characterization of Dissimilar Friction Stir Welded AA5083 and AA6061 Aluminium Alloys
Authors: RAJASEELAN Sasi Lakshmikhanth , KUMARASAMY Subbaiah
Published: December 2020

Solidification is one of the major issues that was faced during the fusion welding of dissimilar non-heat treatable and heat treatable aluminium alloys. To overcome this issue Friction Stir Welding played a very vital role, since it is a solid state welding process. In the current study, dissimilar friction stir welding was carried out between non heat-treatable aluminium alloy AA5083-H111 and heat-treatable aluminium alloy AA6061-T6. The microstructural analysis and the mechanical properties of the dissimilar friction stir welded aluminium alloy AA5083-H111 and AA6061-T6 have been investigated. Both optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy was used to evaluate the microstructural features. The elemental analysis was carried out using SEM-EDX. The tensile properties are studied using Universal Testing Machine. Hardness at various zones of the welded joints was measured using Vicker’s Hardness Testing Machine. The mechanical properties of the friction stir welded joints were correlated with the microstructure of the dissimilar welded joints.
The Effect of Dietary Sodium Restriction on Vascular Stiffness in Hypertension
Authors: Cotchi Simbo Muela Henrique , José Viana Mujimbi , Gerson Bastos Francisco António , da Conceição Almeida Lopes Isaura , Aparecida Costa-Hong Valeria
Published: December 2020

Increased salt consumption is believed to induce high blood pressure (BP)-mediated organ damage, although it is not yet clear whether it reflects a generalized micro- and macrovascular malfunction independent of BP. Exceeding dietary sodium intake is acknowledged to be the main modifiable environmental risk factor for cardiovascular events that accounts for an increase in blood pressure and induces hypertension (HTN)-related target organ damage. Arterial stiffness is well known as an independent cardiovascular risk factor, and sodium intake may be a determinant of arterial stiffness. Even so, the studies that investigated the effect of dietary sodium reduction intake on arterial stiffness in humans provided inconclusive results. Therefore, we aim to perform a review of the available evidence of salt restriction and arterial stiffness and its impact on hypertensive patients.
Interface Combinatorial Pulsed Laser Deposition to Enhance Heterostructures Functional Properties
Authors: Wolfman Jérôme , Negulescu Beatrice , Ruyter Antoine , Niang Ndioba , Jaber Nazir
Published: December 2020

In this chapter we will describe a new development of combinatorial pulsed laser deposition (CPLD) which targets the exploration of interface libraries. The idea is to modulate continuously the composition of interfaces on a few atomic layers in order to alter their functional properties. This unique combinatorial synthesis of interfaces is possible due to very specific PLD characteristics. The first one is its well-known ability for complex oxide stoichiometry transfer from the target to the film. The second one is the layer by layer control of thin film growth at the atomic level using in-situ RHEED characterization. The third one relates to the directionality of the ablated plume which allows for selective area deposition on the substrate using a mobile shadow-mask. However PLD also has some limitations and important PLD aspects to be considered for reliable CPLD are reviewed. Multiple examples regarding the control of interface magnetism in magnetic tunnel junctions and energy band and Schottky barrier height tuning in ferroelectric tunable capacitors are presented.
Adverse Events Capture Systems, Checklists and Teamwork as Relevant Tools to Reduce Complications and Increase Patients’ Safety in Spinal Surgery
Authors: Barbanti Brodano Giovanni , Griffoni Cristiana , Ricci Alessandro , Giannone Sandra , Francesca Ghisi Daniela , Gasbarrini Alessandro
Published: December 2020

Adverse events in Hospitals are often related to surgery and they represent a relevant problem in healthcare. Different approaches have been introduced during the last decade to address the problem of patient safety, especially in the surgical environment. The teamwork is crucial in all these actions which aim to decrease adverse events and improve clinical outcomes. We analyze in particular the use of adverse events capture systems in spinal surgery and the use of checklist systems, starting from the Surgical Safety Checklist introduced by the World Health Organization (WHO) in 2008.
Comorbidity in Children and Adolescents with ADHD
Authors: Burgić Radmanović Marija , Burgić Sanela-Sanja
Published: December 2020

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder with or without hyperactivity disorder is a neurobiological disorder that involves the interaction of the neuroanatomical and neurotransmitter systems. It is a developmental disorder of psychomotor skills that is manifested by impaired attention, motor hyperactivity and impulsivity. This disorder is characterized by early onset, the association of hyperactive and poorly coordinated behavior with marked inattention and lack of perseverance in performing tasks; and this behavior occurs in all situations and persists over time. This disorder is inappropriate for the child’s developmental age and maladaptive. Disorders of neurotransmitter metabolism in the brain with discrete neurological changes can lead to behavioral difficulties and other psychological problems. Most children and adolescents with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder have comorbidities, often multiple comorbid conditions in the same person. Comorbidity was observed in both clinical and epidemiological samples. It is estimated that about two-thirds of children with this disorder have at least one other psychiatric disorder diagnosed. Symptoms persist and lead to significant difficulties in the daily functioning of the child, such as school success, social interactions, family and social functioning, etc. Recent studies indicate the presence of various neuroophthalmological disorders in children and adolescents with ADHD. The most common comorbidities in children and adolescents with ADHD that will be covered in this chapter are autism spectrum disorder, mood disorder, anxiety, learning disabilities, conduct disorders, tics disorder and epilepsy.
Morphoanatomical Characteristics in Riparian Vegetation and Its Adaptative Value
Authors: García Marina , Jáuregui Damelis
Published: December 2020

Riparian vegetation comprises plant communities that grow laterally to rivers and streams. They have multiple adaptations, which allows them to persist in these variable and dynamic habitats. This chapter focuses on the morphological and anatomical adaptations of vegetative organs, due to the fact that they are more vulnerable to environmental changes that occur in riparian ecosystems. We also discuss some dispersal mechanisms in riparian species exposed to flooding conditions. Most morphoanatomical adaptations in riparian plants reflect constraints imposed by long periods of waterlogging or complete submergence, as well as the high diversity of strategies that species have developed in order to cope with flooding. Furthermore, riparian ecosystems are being impacted by an increasing artificialization of rivers and banks with losses, or profound changes, in the natural riparian vegetation a problem that will increase with the ongoing climate change, and which must be contained. In order to reduce the vulnerability of these ecosystems, a deeper knowledge of the morphoanatomical attributes that make possible the successful adaptation of riparian flora is necessary so as to implement appropriate measures for the rehabilitation and sustainability of riparian ecosystems.
Randomness, Compatibilism and Divine Providence
Authors: Lefeu James ,   Institute for Interdisciplinary Research
Published: December 2020

This essay explores quantum physics and theology to propose that ontological randomness does not exist, but divine Providence does. Some interpretations of quantum physics that involve mathematical formalism and observational phenomenology are deterministic (de Broglie-Bohm, many-worlds, cosmological, time-symmetric, many-minds), while others are non-deterministic (Copenhagen, stochastic, objective collapse, transactional). Yet, quantum events are merely epistemically indeterminable by us, but actually do have a fundamental cause. Compatibilism best describes the teaching of the Bible. Humans possess free agency, and are determined by their desires and values. Hence, they can be said to have “free will,” because they do what they want. The fundamental cause, as understood by Compatibilism, is God’s Providence, defined as God’s continual involvement with creation through keeping it existing, cooperating with creation in every action, and directing it to fulfill His purposes. The interaction between quantum physics and Providence suggests methodological parallels between science and theology in a quest for synthesis.
The U.S. Presidential Campaign, 2016
Authors: Meagher Michael E. ,   Institute for Interdisciplinary Research
Published: December 2020

This essay explores the 2016 election using 1964 for comparison. The central theme is that 1964 set the context for subsequent presidential elections. Issues and public policy revolved around the standards set by the 1964 converting election. Both race and religion played a role in the 1964 converting election that redefined the Democratic Party as the liberal political party for the nation, and the Republican as its conservative counterpart. This established a political regime that endures until the present day, but its endurance has had deleterious consequences for the discussion of new proposals. Change happens slowly and piecemeal. Both parties maintain high levels of spending as politics has been reduced to administration, a technocracy rather than representative democracy. The resulting pressures and frustrations manifest themselves with increasing frequency in the political system. The tumultuous 2016 campaign is the latest manifestation of this dissatisfaction among voters. Given the peculiarities of 2016, are we on the verge of a historic realignment, one that may set a similar standard for a generation?
Social Problems, Public Policy, the Church and the Common Good
Authors: Schansberg D. Eric ,   Institute for Interdisciplinary Research
Published: December 2020

From professional pundits to casual observers, there are deep concerns about the state of American society and profound doubts about its future. Political cynicism is ascendant--and yet, the desire for politicians to “do something” remains. What role can public policy have in addressing the largest social problems and their causes? And beyond public policy, what are the potentially effective means in terms of social institutions, including the Church? Although public policy offers some promise, its usefulness is generally exaggerated. Its costs are typically subtle and often ignored. Knowledge of consequences and tradeoffs is insufficient, and the motives of political agents are less than pure. And many dilemmas, by their nature, cannot be ably addressed by politics and policy. In contrast, a resurgence in civil society--particularly the Church--holds more promise. Even in a time of potential “exile,” the Church is called to pursue the holistic welfare of society and enhance the common good.
Rediscovering Family Values
Authors: Ogbujah Columbus ,   Institute for Interdisciplinary Research
Published: December 2020

In the past few decades, a lot has changed in the world. There is now a global dimension to every societal value. Globalization has unlocked the local and national perceptions to a broader outlook of an interconnected and interdependent world. People are mingling in the world like never before. But these come with new challenges, new social regulations and controls that require adoption of new values, all of which foist on people competing and often incompatible demands between work and family, and have led to the erosion of pivotal values that hitherto bonded families together. Today, marriages are few, divorces are many, and the number of children born to unmarried, single parents has skyrocketed, with shocking social consequences. This essay unravels the apparent chaos in marital and family ethics arising from an unhindered freedom of choice in a globalized era, and proposes a rediscovery of sound traditional family values as a solution.
Ancient Egyptian Image-Writing
Authors: Rashwan Hany
Published: December 2020

This article highlights the significance of considering the visual mediums of the ancient Egyptian (henceforth AE) writing system, in reading and translating AE literary texts. Despite their importance for understanding the internal mechanism of AE literary expressions, modern scholarship has not assimilated these visual mediums into its exploration.
A possible theoretical framework for AE morphology structure may identify two input systems,, one visual for visually presented materials that are more related to visual comprehension, and the other phonological for material presented using the auditory modality. The studied examples confirm that the AE writers had the opportunity to invite their receivers to take part in two experiential tasks (visual and phonological) to provoke two different behaviours, to get the right meaning intended by the resourceful writer.
The article is divided into two parts. The first part is concerned with the role of innovative imagination in forming both the “eloquent content” and its inseparable “poetic vocal form,” with full consideration of the creative relationship between these two elements. The second part is related to the ancient and modern reader’s reception of such visual-verbal interactions. The article demonstrates the significance of looking into such visual aesthetics—which were mainly designed to stimulate the eyes of the indigenous readers—to shape any theory related to the literary nature of ancient Egyptian writing.
http://dx.doi.org/10.5913/jarce.55.2019.a009
Dimensions and Proportions in Egypt’s Byzantine Religious Architecture
Authors: Boutros Ramez
Published: December 2020

In the study of Egypt’s Byzantine religious architecture, modern scholarship has been focusing essentially on establishing the typology of plans and their relative chronology. Church building activity has also been studied by using the written sources complimented by the archaeological evidence. This abundant Christian archaeological material shows an amazing variety and complexity in church designs. There is a need of a rationalized analysis of the proportion ratios of the church buildings, and a necessity to focus on the dominant factors dictating its size, the type of its structure, and the quantities of materials used in its construction. The study of geometric shapes and the evolution of their sacred perceptions is yet another interesting facet of this type of architecture. The purpose of this paper is to explore new approaches in studying the proportion ratios and its correlation with the measuring units used in Byzantine church architecture and the existence of any symbolic concepts.
http://dx.doi.org/10.5913/jcscs.2020.86435971
Shenoute’s Rhetorical Syntax
Authors: Shisha-Halevy Ariel
Published: December 2020

An ongoing encyclopaedic work, listing, illustrating, and describing Shenoute’s main grammatical rhetorical tools and devices, is here briefly presented in a tentative sample of selected entries. The following headings and domains are illustrated, with token documentation: macrosyntax, hermeneutics, style and figures, genres, registers, and grammatical functions.
http://dx.doi.org/10.5913/jcscs.2020.89237654
Dancing, Declamation, and Deipnosophistry in the Deiotariana
Authors: Krostenko Brian
Published: December 2020

This article argues that some formal features of Cicero’s speech pro rege Deiotaro reflect Cicero’s understanding of the ideological strains of those days. Some of the charges brought against Deiotarus seem likely to be true. Cicero’s rebuttals of those charges seem weak by the normal conventions of courtroom argument. But the rebuttals draw on modes of speech appropriate for sophisticated dinner parties—literary criticism, poetry, and moral philosophy. The arguments are not necessarily more successful for that, but they do make an ideological point: if political decisions now depend on one man, that brings political decisions very close to questions of taste and sensibility, which in their turn become a valuable and even necessary source of arguments. This aspect of Cicero’s rhetorical approach in the speech exploits the setting, Caesar’s house: Cicero speaks as if he were in a place where, not forensic convention, but intellectual intimacy was the chief value. But Cicero’s artful voice also lapses into patent sophism, making pointedly clever and painfully false argument. That, too, makes an ideological point: if the monarch must depend on intellectual intimates, he is also susceptible to flattery.