bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Translation and Linguistic Validation of BIS (Body Image Scale) for Breast Cancer Patients in India
Authors: Belani Preeti , Wadasadawala Tabassum , Sarin Rajiv , Pathak Rima , Krishnamurthy Revathy , Syeda Naseera , Chavan Sonal
Published: August 2024

A number of PROMs (patient-reported outcome measures) have been developed and validated for English-speaking populations but with limited utility in non-English-speaking countries. Body image scale (BIS) is a type of PROM which assesses the changes in the body image of a patient diagnosed with cancer. The current study was carried out to translate the BIS in Hindi and Marathi. Out of the 10 questions in the BIS questionnaire, Hindi and Marathi translations were already available for 4 questions (Questions no. 2, 4, 5, and 9) from the EORTC BR23 questionnaire. Remaining questions were translated using the EORTC translation manual, which includes forward translation, reconciliation, backward translation, proofreading, and pilot testing. Pilot testing done on 10 patients each for Hindi and Marathi showed at least 80% acceptability for all the questions for both Hindi and Marathi translations. Both the translated versions will be used for validation in a large cohort of breast cancer patients. The Hindi and Marathi versions of the BIS have very good acceptability and can be utilized for clinical trials once validated in cancer patients.
Endovascular transvenous treatment of carotid–cavernous fistula
Authors: Villanova Ilaria , Lorusso Giovanni , Greco Chiara Noemi , Tarantino Francesca , Laera Marika , Lucarelli Nicola Maria , Zimatore Domenico Sergio , Morelli Chiara , Maggialetti Nicola , Ianora Amato Antonio Stabile
Published: August 2024

Carotid–cavernous fistulas represent abnormal communication between the carotid circulation and the cavernous sinus. They can be classified as direct or indirect. The Barrow classification is the most widely used system that categorizes the carotid–cavernous fistulas based on their arterial supply (type A–D). The mainstay of therapy for carotid–cavernous fistulas consists of transarterial or transvenous embolization, while other treatment options such as open surgery or radiosurgery are still utilized as second-line or adjuvant therapeutic options. We present the case of a 72-year-old female patient with conjunctival chemosis and exophthalmos. Computed tomography angiography detected a carotid–cavernous fistula that was confirmed with catheter angiography (Barrow type C). Through right femoral vein catheterization, detachable coils were deployed in the right cavernous sinus, adjacent to the fistula shunt point. The procedure was completed with N-butyl cyanoacrylate injection (dilution 1:2). At post-procedural digital subtraction angiography, the fistula was excluded. Endovascular transvenous treatment is a valid therapeutic option for indirect carotid–cavernous fistulas.
High-flexibility reconstruction of small-scale motions in wall turbulence using a generalized zero-shot learning
Authors: Wu Haokai , Zhang Kai , Zhou Dai , Chen Wen-Li , Han Zhaolong , Cao Yong
Published: August 2024

This study proposes a novel super-resolution (or SR) framework for generating high-resolution turbulent boundary layer (TBL) flow from low-resolution inputs. The framework combines a super-resolution generative adversarial neural network (SRGAN) with down-sampling modules (DMs), integrating the residual of the continuity equation into the loss function. The DMs selectively filter out components with excessive energy dissipation in low-resolution fields prior to the super-resolution process. The framework iteratively applies the SRGAN and DM procedure to fully capture the energy cascade of multi-scale flow structures, collectively termed the SRGAN-based energy cascade reconstruction framework (EC-SRGAN). Despite being trained solely on turbulent channel flow data (via ‘zero-shot transfer’), EC-SRGAN exhibits remarkable generalization in predicting TBL small-scale velocity fields, accurately reproducing wavenumber spectra compared to direct numerical simulation (DNS) results. Furthermore, a super-resolution core is trained at a specific super-resolution ratio. By leveraging this pretrained super-resolution core, EC-SRGAN efficiently reconstructs TBL fields at multiple super-resolution ratios from various levels of low-resolution inputs, showcasing strong flexibility. By learning turbulent scale invariance, EC-SRGAN demonstrates robustness across different TBL datasets. These results underscore the potential of EC-SRGAN for generating and predicting wall turbulence with high flexibility, offering promising applications in addressing diverse TBL-related challenges.
Passungswahrnehmung als Mediator zwischen positiven Beziehungen und Zielorientierungen im Schulkontext
Authors: Ramseier Lukas , Neuenschwander Markus P.
Published: August 2024

Zusammenfassung: Zielorientierungen stellen wichtige Aspekte schulischen Lernens dar und werden unter anderem durch positive Beziehungen zwischen Schüler_innen und Lehrpersonen begünstigt. In diesem Beitrag wird auf Basis der Stage-Environment-Fit-Theorie untersucht, ob die Effekte positiver Beziehungen auf Zielorientierungen durch die wahrgenommene Person-Umwelt-Passung von Schüler_innen erklärt werden. Zur Analyse dient eine Stichprobe von 671 Jugendlichen im siebten Schuljahr aus dem Langzeitprojekt WiSel („Wirkungen der Selektion“). In zwei längsschnittlichen Strukturgleichungsmodellen wird die Mediatorfunktion der Passungswahrnehmung von Schüler_innen zwischen der Lehrperson-Schüler_in-Beziehung sowie der Lern- bzw. der Annäherungs- Leistungszielorientierung getestet. In beiden Modellen zeigt sich eine indirekte Mediation. Die Passungswahrnehmung erklärt damit den Effekt der Lehrperson-Schüler_in-Beziehungen auf Zielorientierungen. Die Ergebnisse tragen zu einer differenzierten Erklärung des Zusammenhangs zwischen positiven Beziehungen und motivationalen Überzeugungen im Schulkontext bei. Implikationen für die pädagogische Berufspraxis werden diskutiert.
The Role of Forcing and Parameterization in Improving Snow Simulation in the Upper Colorado River Basin Using the National Water Model
Authors: Gan Yanjun , Zhang Yu , Kongoli Cezar , Pan Ming
Published: August 2024

This study assesses snow water equivalent (SWE) simulation uncertainty in the National Water Model (NWM) due to forcing and model parameterization, using data from 46 Snow Telemetry (SNOTEL) sites in the Upper Colorado River Basin (UCRB). We evaluated the newly developed Analysis of Record for Calibration (AORC) forcing data for SWE simulation and examined the impact of bias correction applied to AORC precipitation and temperature. Additionally, we investigated the sensitivity of SWE simulations to choices of physical parameterization schemes through 72 ensemble experiments. Results showed that NWM driven by AORC forcings captured the overall temporal variation of SWE but underestimated its amount. Adjusting AORC precipitation with SNOTEL observations reduced SWE root‐mean‐square error (RMSE) by 66%, adjusting temperature trimmed it by 10%, and adjusting both decreased it by 69%. Among the physical processes, the snow/soil temperature time scheme (STC) demonstrated the highest sensitivity, followed by the surface exchange coefficient for heat (SFC), snow surface albedo (ALB), and rainfall and snowfall partitioning (SNF), while the lower boundary of soil temperature (TBOT) proved to be insensitive. Further optimization of the parameterization combination resulted in a 12% SWE RMSE reduction. When combined with the bias‐corrected AORC precipitation and temperature, this optimization led to a remarkable 78% SWE RMSE reduction. Despite these enhancements, a persistent slow and late spring ablation suggests model deficiencies in snow ablation physics. The study emphasizes the critical need to enhance the accuracy of forcing data in mountainous regions and address model parameterization uncertainty through optimization efforts.
A Continuous Root Water Uptake Isotope Mixing Model
Authors: Fu Han , Neil Eric John , Liu Juxin , Si Bingcheng
Published: August 2024

The depth‐wise distribution of root water uptake is typically inferred through linear mixing models that utilize knowledge of stable water isotopes in soil and plants. However, these existing models often represent the water uptake profile in discrete segments, potentially introducing significant uncertainty and bias into results. In this study, we introduced a novel root water uptake mixing model that combines a Bayesian linear mixing framework with a continuous root water uptake pattern, named CrisPy. To evaluate the performance of CrisPy, we conducted virtual and field‐based tests under several types of prior information. CrisPy showed accurate and robust reconstruction of the true root water uptake profile under various prior information settings in the virtual test. By contrast, the discrete mixing model, MixSIAR was greatly influenced by the prior information and deviated from the true profile. The root mean squared error of the uptake proportions from CrisPy ranged from 3.6% to 7.4%, while MixSIAR exhibited values of 6.3%–15.2%. Furthermore, posterior predictive checking indicated that CrisPy effectively reconstructed the mean and standard deviations of plant water isotopic compositions in both virtual and field‐based tests. MixSIAR, however, underestimated the mean and overestimated the standard deviation of these compositions. These findings collectively support the enhanced accuracy, greater robustness, and reduced uncertainty of CrisPy in comparison to MixSIAR. Therefore, CrisPy provides a powerful tool for partitioning plant water sources.
Lifting the Veil of Journal Editing
Authors: Xenopoulos Marguerite , Nguyen Helen
Published: August 2024

AGU Publications is excited to announce Early Career Editorial Fellow programs for JGR: Biogeosciences and GeoHealth for mentoring the next generation of journal editors.
Association between fast eating speed and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: a multicenter cross-sectional study and meta-analysis
Authors: Zhang Miao , Sun Xiaoyang , Zhu Xiaopeng , Zheng Lili , Bi Yufang , Li Qiang , Sun Lirong , Di Fusheng , Xu Yushan , Zhu Dalong , Gao Yanyan , Bao Yuqian , Wang Yao , He Lanjie , Fan Chenmin , Gao Xin , Gao Jian , Xia Mingfeng , Bian Hua
Published: August 2024

Background

With the fast pace of modern life, people have less time for meals, but few studies have examined the association between the habit of fast eating and metabolic diseases.

Objective

Combining the results of the current study and the prior ones, we aimed to investigate the possible relationship between fast eating and the risk of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD).

Methods

This is a sub-analysis of a multicenter cross-sectional study of 1965 participants investigated the association between fast eating and MASLD in Chinese. Fast eating was defined as meal time less than five minutes and participants were divided into three categories based on their self-reported frequency of fast eating: ≤1 time/month, ≤1 time/week and ≥2 times/week. We further conducted a literature search for available studies published before November, 2023 as well as a meta-analysis to investigate the association between fast eating and MASLD.

Results

The proportion of MASLD was 59.3%, 50.5%, and 46.2% in participants with fast eating ≥2 times/week, ≤1 time/week and ≤1 time/month, respectively (P for trend <0.001). The frequency of fast eating was independently associated with risk of MASLD after multiple adjustment for sex, age, demographics, smoking and drinking status, BMI and clinical metabolic parameters (OR, 1.29; 95%CI, 1.09–1.53). Participants who ate fast frequently (≥2 times/week) had 81% higher risk of MASLD (P = 0.011). A meta-analysis of five eligible studies confirmed that frequent fast eating was associated with increased risk of MASLD (pooled OR, 1.22; 95%CI, 1.07–1.39).

Conclusions

Frequent fast eating was associated with an increased risk of MASLD.
The amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations is correlated with birth trauma in patients with postpartum post-traumatic stress disorder
Authors: Chen Chunlian , Li Bo , Chai Liping , Liu Kai , Zhang Shufen
Published: August 2024

Postpartum post-traumatic stress disorder (PP-PTSD) is a severe mental disorder worldwide. In recent years, some studies have reported that PP-PTSD stems from birth trauma. The present study was dedicated in finding ways to predict the occurrence of emergency caesarean section (ECS), trying to analyze the methods to reduce incidence of PP-PTSD on this basis, further exploring the neuroimaging changes in PP-PTSD. A total of 245 primiparas with intention of vaginal delivery were recruited. The internal tocodynamometry measurement was performed during labor for all mothers, and respectively taken at 3–5 cm, 5–8 cm, and 8–10 cm of cervical dilation. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and Binary logistic regression analyses were also performed to identify fetal head descending thrust that might help in the prediction of ECS. Resting-state magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed on 26 patients diagnosed with PP-PTSD of 245 mothers, the amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (ALFF) technology was used to observe the spontaneous neural activity of all PP-PTSD patients and correlation analyses were performed. We found that the natural delivery rate of mothers with fetal head descending thrust <16.29 N (5–8 cm), 26.36 N (8–10 cm) were respectively lower than other mothers with fetal head descending thrust ≥16.29 N (5–8 cm), 26.36 N (8–10 cm) (P < 0.05). The ROC curve analysis showed that the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) value of thrust (5–8 cm) was 0.896 (95% CI: 0.854–0.938, p < 0.001), AUC of thrust(8–10 cm) was 0.786 (95% CI: 0.714–0.858, p < 0.001), which showed strong potential for predicting ECS. In addition, the Binary logistic regression analysis showed thrust (5-8 cm) and thrust (8–10 cm) were independent correlates of ECS. The resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) results indicated that PP-PTSD group showed decreased ALFF in the bilateral insula cortex (IC), right anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), and left midcingulate cortex (MCC) compared with healthy postpartum women (HPW) (false discovery rate (FDR) correction q-value < 0.05). The ALFF value of the right ACC was positively correlated with the Perinatal Post-traumatic stress disorder Questionnaire (PPQ) score (r = 0.4046 p = 0.0403) and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist–Civilian Version (PCL–C) score (r = 0.3909 p = 0.0483). The internal tocodynamometry measurement can serve as a predictive tool for ECS, on this basis, the implementation of effective emotional support may help to reduce the incidence of PP-PTSD. Besides, this study has verified the presence of altered ALFF in the brain regions of PP-PTSD patients, mainly involving the bilateral IC, right ACC, and left MCC, that might be associated with emotion, cognition, and memory disorders functions in PP-PTSD patients.
Could the minimum intervention oral care framework help improve the quality of oral health delivery and access to NHS primary dental care?
Authors: Abuhaloob Lamis , El-Osta Austen , Newton Tim , Rawaf Salman , Banerjee Avijit
Published: August 2024

Access to NHS primary dental care services is a perennial issue in the UK. Two aspects must be considered when measuring access to dental care: ‘entry access', which relates to service availability resulting in realised initial or continued access; and ‘effective access', the delivery of effective, equitable and efficient care, which manifests as equitable and optimal outcomes of care. It is proposed that the minimum intervention oral care (MIOC) delivery framework provides a person-focused, prevention-based, susceptibility/needs-related, team-delivered approach to ensuring effective access to primary oral and dental care. A theory of change model could identify the key barriers to overcome the implementation of the MIOC approach, involving all key stakeholders in primary oral and dental care delivery.
C-reactive protein (CRP) evaluation in human urine using optical sensor supported by machine learning
Authors: Cierpiak Kacper , Wityk Paweł , Kosowska Monika , Sokołowski Patryk , Talaśka Tomasz , Gierowski Jakub , Markuszewski Michał J. , Szczerska Małgorzata
Published: August 2024

The rapid and sensitive indicator of inflammation in the human body is C-Reactive Protein (CRP). Determination of CRP level is important in medical diagnostics because, depending on that factor, it may indicate, e.g., the occurrence of inflammation of various origins, oncological, cardiovascular, bacterial or viral events. In this study, we describe an interferometric sensor able to detect the CRP level for distinguishing between no-inflammation and inflammation states. The measurement head was made of a single mode optical fiber with a microsphere structure created at the tip. Its surface has been biofunctionalized for specific CRP bonding. Standardized CRP solutions were measured in the range of 1.9 µg/L to 333 mg/L and classified in the initial phase of the study. The real samples obtained from hospitalized patients with diagnosed Urinary Tract Infection or Urosepsis were then investigated. 27 machine learning classifiers were tested for labeling the phantom samples as normal or high CRP levels. With the use of the ExtraTreesClassifier we obtained an accuracy of 95% for the validation dataset. The results of real samples classification showed up to 100% accuracy for the validation dataset using XGB classifier.
A comprehensive assessment of water quality in Fayoum depression, Egypt: identifying contaminants, antibiotic pollution, and adsorption treatability study for remediation
Authors: Fouad Mai Sayed , Mustafa Emad Fawzy , Hellal Mohamed Saad , Mwaheb Mai Ali
Published: August 2024

This study aimed to assess the current water quality status across various regions within the Fayoum depression by examining water canals, drains, and potential contaminants impacting public health and the local ecosystem. Additionally, an adsorption treatability investigation was conducted on various antibiotics identified during the assessment. Fifteen sampling points were selected across the Fayoum depression, covering surface water bodies and agricultural drainage systems during both winter and summer seasons. Physico-chemical, microbiological, and antibiotic analyses were performed on collected water samples. The water quality parameters investigated included pH, electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids (TDS), total coliforms, fecal coliforms, and concentrations of antibiotics such as ciprofloxacin and tetracycline. The findings revealed significant variations in water quality parameters among different water sources, categorizing them into three types: irrigation canals, polluted canals, and drains. High contamination levels were observed in certain water canals and drains due to untreated sewage and agricultural drainage discharge. Notably, elevated TDS levels (exceeding 1200 mg/L), microbial indicators count (with total coliforms reaching up to 2.3 × 106 CFU/100 mL), and antibiotics (with concentrations of ciprofloxacin and tetracycline exceeding 4.6 µg/L) were detected. To mitigate antibiotic contamination, a Phyto-adsorption treatability study using magnetite nanoparticles prepared with Phragmites australis plant extract demonstrated promising results, achieving complete removal of high antibiotic concentrations with an adsorption capacity of up to 67 mg/g. This study provides updated insights into water quality in the Fayoum depression and proposes a novel approach for addressing antibiotic contamination, potentially safeguarding human and environmental health.
Dynamic cell culture modulates colon cancer cell migration in a novel 3D cell culture system
Authors: Mohamadian Namaqi M. , Moll F. , Wiedemeier S. , Grodrian A. , Lemke K.
Published: August 2024

The progression of cancer cell migration, invasion and subsequent metastasis is the main cause of mortality in cancer patients. Through creating more accurate cancer models, we can achieve more precise results, which will lead to a better understanding of the invasion process. This holds promise for more effective prevention and treatment strategies. Although numerous 2D and 3D cell culture systems have been developed, they poorly reflect the in vivo situation and many questions have remained unanswered. This work describes a novel dynamic 3D cell culture system aimed at advancing our comprehension of cancer cell migration. With the newly designed cultivation chamber, 3D tumor spheroids were cultivated within a collagen I matrix in the presence of fluid flow to study the migration of cancer cells from spheroids in the matrix. Using light sheet microscopy and histology, we demonstrated that the morphology of spheroids is influenced by dynamic culture and that, in contrast to static culture, spheroids in dynamic culture are characterized by the absence of a large necrotic core. Additionally, this influence extends to an increase in the size of migration area, coupled with an increase in expression of some genes related to epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). The results here highlight the importance of dynamic culture in cancer research. Although the dynamic 3D cell culture system in this study was used to investigate migration of one cell type into a matrix, it has the potential to be further developed and used for more complex models consisting of different cell types or to analyze other steps of metastasis development such as transendothelial migration or extravasation.
An approach leveraging radiomics and model checking for the automatic early diagnosis of adhesive capsulitis
Authors: Varriano Giulia , Nardone Vittoria , Brunese Maria Chiara , Bruno Michela , Santone Antonella , Brunese Luca , Zappia Marcello
Published: August 2024

Adhesive Capsulitis of the shoulder is a painful pathology limiting shoulder movements, commonly known as “Frozen Shoulder”. Since this pathology limits movement, it is important to make an early diagnosis. Diagnosing capsulitis relies on clinical assessment, although diagnostic imaging, such as Magnetic Resonance Imaging, can provide predictive or supportive information for specific characteristic signs. However, its diagnosis is not so simple nor so immediate, indeed it remains a difficult topic for many general radiologists and expert musculoskeletal radiologists. This study aims to investigate whether it is possible to use disease signs within a medical image to automatically diagnose Adhesive Capsulitis. To this purpose, we propose an automatic Model Checking-based approach to quickly diagnose the Adhesive Capsulitis taking as input the radiomic feature values from the medical images. Furthermore, we compare the performance achieved by our method with diagnostic results obtained by professional radiologists with different levels of experience. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first method for the automatic diagnosis of Adhesive Capsulitis of the Shoulder.
Performance analysis of multi-angle QAOA for $$p > 1$$
Authors: Gaidai Igor , Herrman Rebekah
Published: August 2024

In this paper we consider the scalability of multi-angle QAOA with respect to the number of QAOA layers. We found that MA-QAOA is able to significantly reduce the depth of QAOA circuits, by a factor of up to 4 for the considered data sets. Moreover, MA-QAOA is less sensitive to system size, therefore we predict that this factor will be even larger for big graphs. However, MA-QAOA was found to be not optimal for minimization of the total QPU time. Different optimization initialization strategies are considered and compared for both QAOA and MA-QAOA. Among them, a new initialization strategy is suggested for MA-QAOA that is able to consistently and significantly outperform random initialization used in the previous studies.
The influence of contrast media on calcium-based imaging of the spine in dual-layer CT
Authors: Rahn S. , Skornitzke S. , Melzig C. , Reiner T. , Stiller W. , Heussel C. P. , Kauczor H. U. , Weber T. F. , Do T. D.
Published: August 2024

This study aimed to evaluate the impact of contrast media application on CT attenuation of the bone using a novel calcium-only imaging technique (VCa) from dual-layer spectral detector CT (DLCT), which enables CT-based bone mineral density measurement unimpeded by soft tissue components. For this, true non-contrast (TNC) and venous phase images (VP) of n = 97 patients were acquired. CT attenuation of the first lumbar vertebra (L1) was measured in TNC-VCa, VP-VCa, and in virtual non-contrast images (VNC). CT attenuation was significantly higher in VP-VCa than in TNC-VCa (p < 0.001), although regression analyses revealed a strong linear association between these measures (R2 = 0.84). A statistical model for the prediction of TNC-VCa CT attenuation was established (TNC-VCa[HU] = − 6.81 + 0.87 × VP-VCa[HU]-0.55 × body weight[kg]) and yielded good agreement between observed and predicted values. Furthermore, a L1 CT attenuation threshold of 293 HU in VP-VCa showed a sensitivity of 90% and a specificity of 96% for detecting osteoporosis. The application of contrast media leads to an overestimation of L1 CT attenuation in VCa. However, CT attenuation values from VP-VCa can be used within CT-based opportunistic osteoporosis screening eighter by applying a separate threshold of 293 HU or by converting measured data to TNC-VCa CT attenuation with the given regression equation.
Gasdermin D cysteine residues synergistically control its palmitoylation-mediated membrane targeting and assembly
Authors: Margheritis Eleonora , Kappelhoff Shirin , Danial John , Gehle Nadine , Kohl Wladislaw , Kurre Rainer , González Montoro Ayelén , Cosentino Katia
Published: August 2024

Gasdermin D (GSDMD) executes the cell death program of pyroptosis by assembling into oligomers that permeabilize the plasma membrane. Here, by single-molecule imaging, we elucidate the yet unclear mechanism of Gasdermin D pore assembly and the role of cysteine residues in GSDMD oligomerization. We show that GSDMD preassembles at the membrane into dimeric and trimeric building blocks that can either be inserted into the membrane, or further assemble into higher-order oligomers prior to insertion into the membrane. The GSDMD residues Cys39, Cys57, and Cys192 are the only relevant cysteines involved in GSDMD oligomerization. S-palmitoylation of Cys192, combined with the presence of negatively-charged lipids, controls GSDMD membrane targeting. Simultaneous Cys39/57/192-to-alanine (Ala) mutations, but not Ala mutations of Cys192 or the Cys39/57 pair individually, completely abolish GSDMD insertion into artificial membranes as well as into the plasma membrane. Finally, either Cys192 or the Cys39/Cys57 pair are sufficient to enable formation of GSDMD dimers/trimers, but they are all required for functional higher-order oligomer formation. Overall, our study unveils a cooperative role of Cys192 palmitoylation-mediated membrane binding and Cys39/57/192-mediated oligomerization in GSDMD pore assembly. This study supports a model in which Gasdermin D oligomerization relies on a two-step mechanism mediated by specific cysteine residues.
Lab-on-a-chip: An Emerging Analytical Tool for Drug Testing
Authors: Sarbadhikary P. , Olofinsan K. A. , George B. P.
Published: August 2024

There are indications that more than 90% of drug development endeavours for clinical uses were unsuccessful despite employing various experimentally proven strategies. This observation necessitates looking closely at whether some key drug optimisation processes are disregarded during preclinical trials. The factors that need to be strictly considered for drug delivery systems include rapid and high-throughput screening technologies with accurate and quicker dispensing of small liquid volumes and considering the biological design of certain tissues with their specific biomechanical properties to mimic conditions presented in vivo. Microfluidics systems have garnered much attention to provide a quicker, reproducible, and more affordable substitute to deliver drugs in a targeted and controlled manner. The purpose of this chapter is to provide the most recent developments in the construction of in vitro microfluidic designs that could be utilized for cell and tissue drug administration. In a subsequent section, we have comprehensively discussed their benefits and obstacles they still need to overcome to become a cornerstone of pharmaceutical research.
Organ-on-a-chip Technology Roadmap: Regulatory Framework, Industry Adoption, Key Players, Technology Transfer, Validation, and Ethical Considerations
Authors: Bonaccorsi Simone
Published: August 2024

Advancement in organ-on-a-chip technology has caused increasing interest among pharmaceutical companies due to its potential to disrupt drug discovery and toxicology studies and reduce costs and animal tests. However, several challenges need to be addressed to make the technology widely adopted. Regulatory agencies need to validate the technology and conduct validation tests; standards need to be put in place to allow validation and data sharing; and techniques and materials for mass production and commercialization need to be developed. The chapter will start with a general overview of the factors surrounding technology adoption, and it will proceed to delve into the various arguments in more detail and from different perspectives.
Recent advances in nanodelivery systems of resveratrol and their biomedical and food applications: a review
Authors: Song Yanan , Zhang Junjia , Zhu Ling , Zhang Hui , Wu Gangcheng , Liu Tongtong
Published: August 2024

The recent advances of resveratrol nano delivery systems, the advantages and potential limitations, as well as their associated applications in biomedical and food.
Optimizing pulsed laser deposition of crystalline BiVO4 thin films on yttrium-stabilized zirconia (110) substrates
Authors: Xi Zhaoyi , Zhou Chenyu , Kisslinger Kim , Liu Mingzhao
Published: August 2024

An optimized two-step deposition method of PLD is used for high quality BiVO4 photoanodes.
Chemical reduction of π-expanded functionalized pentacene: cooperation of side group in alkali metal binding
Authors: Pennachio Matthew , Wei Zheng , Mamada Masashi , Frigoli Michel , Petrukhina Marina A.
Published: August 2024

Two-fold reduction of a vertically expanded functionalized pentacene with Na metal is accompanied by a loss of diatropicity in the resulting dianion and engagement of side groups in sodium ion coordination.
Tuning catalytic performance of platinum single atoms by choosing the shape of cerium dioxide supports
Authors: Laan Petrus C. M. , Mekkering Martijn J. , de Zwart Felix J. , Troglia Alessandro , Bliem Roland , Zhao Kai , Geels Norbert J. , de Bruin Bas , Rothenberg Gadi , Reek Joost N. H. , Yan Ning
Published: August 2024

Shape up: the macroscopic shape of cerium oxide supports changes the catalytic performance of Pt single atom catalysts (SACs) in ammonia borane hydrolysis.
Investigating the error imbalance of large-scale machine learning potentials in catalysis
Authors: Abdelmaqsoud Kareem , Shuaibi Muhammed , Kolluru Adeesh , Cheula Raffaele , Kitchin John R.
Published: August 2024

Removing calculations with surface reconstructions reduces the MAEs of the MLPs.
Bimetallic Pd/Cu complexes of pyridylchalcogenolates and their catalytic activity in the Sonogashira reaction
Authors: Pal M. K. , Wadawale A. P. , Dey S.
Published: August 2024

Heterobimetallic complexes of Pd and Cu were constructed employing 4-pyridylchalcogenolate as a single-molecule catalyst for the Sonogashira coupling reaction.
Robust interaction of ZnO and TiO2 nanoparticles with layered graphitic carbon nitride for enhanced photocatalytic oxidative desulfurization of fuel oil: mechanism, performance and stability
Authors: Nguyen Manh B. , Thi Lan Pham , Pham Xuan Nui , Hai Yen Pham Thi , Ha Nguyen Ngoc , Ha Nguyen Thi Thu , Nguyen T.-Thanh-Bao , Doan Huan V. , Tuan Anh Nguyen , Dai Lam Tran
Published: August 2024

Sulfur compounds in fuel such as thiophene, benzothiophene and dibenzothiophene are the primary source of SOx emissions, leading to environmental pollution and acid rain.
Composite hydrogels based on deep eutectic solvents and lysine for pressure sensors and adsorption of Fe3+
Authors: Jiang Yajun , Wu Aolin , Yang Lin , Wu Jun , Liang Yue , Hu Zhigang , Wang Ying
Published: August 2024

This study explored the preparation of a novel composite hydrogel based on deep eutectic solvent (DES) with lysine (Lys) and its application in pressure sensing and Fe3+ adsorption.
A 0.037 pJ K2$\text{K}^2$ 338 pW temperature sensor based on dynamic leakage‐suppression logic
Authors: Li Hao , Yang Zhao , Kong Dezhu , Yin Aiguo , Zhang Peiyong
Published: August 2024

This letter introduces an ultra‐low‐power temperature sensor utilizing dynamic leakage‐suppression (DLS) logic and thoroughly analyses its working principle. The sensor effectively tackles the weak pull‐up challenge inherent in DLS logic ensuring its compatibility with standard digital logic. By capitalizing on the super cut‐off attribute of DLS logic, the frontend of the sensor achieves ultra‐low power consumption, without compromising on measurement precision or the breadth of the temperature range. The digital part of the proposed utilizes the output frequency of the sensor's frontend as the clock source, in conjunction with an external 50 Hz reference clock, achieving a low overall power consumption. The frontend of the temperature sensor was fabricated using a 180 nm process, occupying a minimal area of 374 . The digital part of the circuit is implemented using FPGA. Following a two‐point calibration and system error removal, the sensor, operating at a supply voltage of 0.8 V, demonstrated a error of across the temperature range of −20 to 125 . At 25 , the resolution figure of merit of the sensor was 0.037 pJ , with a maximum voltage sensitivity of 4.2 .
High‐power radio frequency wireless energy transfer system: Comprehensive survey on design challenges
Authors: Soleimani Javad , Karabulut Kurt Gunes
Published: August 2024

Feeding electrical components without having a physical contact was always a goal in electrical engineering. Nowadays, Wireless Power Transfer (WPT) is becoming the main way to provide energy for wireless sensors. WPT can be categorised into two primary techniques: radiative and non‐radiative methods. The authors uniquely delve into the utilisation of radiative methods, precisely the Radio Frequency (RF)‐WPT method. The authors focus on the factors and considerations for designing this kind of systems highlighting the specific nuances and challenges associated with high power wireless energy transfer systems and will try to define an efficient design method. A comprehensive survey is offered encompassing the entire system. It explores both transmitter and receiver systems, dissecting their subsystems and elements and challenges related to high power application one by one, while also elucidating the essential principles and integration factors.
La nécessité d’une approche régionale de la biosécurité
Authors: Vaillancourt Jean-Luc , Racicot Manon , Delpont Mattias , Paul Mathilde , Guérin Jean-Luc , Waret-Szkuta Agnes , Martineau Guy-Pierre
Published: August 2024

L’expansion de la production animale au cours des dernières décennies a favorisé la concentration de toutes les composantes de la production dans certaines régions, créant une forte densité d’élevages et engendrant une source continuelle de risque. Notons en particulier la transmission de pathogènes infectieux par aérosols, par vecteurs tels les insectes, et par le trafic entre les sites de production.

Même lors d’une observance exemplaire des mesures de biosécurité à la ferme, ces facteurs de risque ne sont maîtrisés qu’avec l’appui d’une approche régionale. La région ici n’est pas une entité administrative, mais plutôt un territoire où se trouvent des sites de production qui pourraient bénéficier d’une approche concertée permettant une gestion du trafic, afin de minimiser les risques de transmission de pathogènes infectieux, et afin de pouvoir réagir rapidement en cas de suspicion de maladies considérées importantes par les filières.

Pour ce faire, il est nécessaire :

- que les organisations de production puissent avoir accès aux données géospatiales des fermes afin d’identifier celles à risque, celles qui sont infectées et la façon optimale de les contourner ;
- de déterminer la présence d’une concentration de cas, et ainsi identifier les facteurs de risque qui s’y rattachent ;
- et de déterminer, avec l’aide de techniques moléculaires, la dispersion de certaines souches d’un agent donné.
L’observance de la biosécurité en élevage avicole
Authors: Delpont Mattias , Racicot Manon , Paul Mathilde , Guérin Jean-Luc , Vaillancourt Jean-Pierre
Published: August 2024

La prévention des maladies et le maintien de l’observance prennent une place de plus en plus importante dans le travail des vétérinaires praticiens. L’évaluation des pratiques de biosécurité met en évidence des failles liées à des comportements volontaires ou involontaires de la part des éleveurs, des employés et des intervenants en élevage, en particulier pour les sas sanitaires.

Les obstacles à la biosécurité sont souvent liés à un défaut de perception risque et du bénéfice apporté par la prévention. C’est d’autant plus important quand les mesures de contrôle sont perçues comme trop contraignantes en termes de temps et d’argent.

La connaissance des maladies et de leurs modes de transmission est indispensable pour améliorer les pratiques de biosécurité mais n’est pas forcément suffisante.

Les traits de personnalité des employés et des éleveurs ont aussi un effet sur l’observance.

Le praticien vétérinaire est une source privilégiée de connaissances sur la biosécurité. Il joue un rôle central dans l’adaptation des mesures de biosécurité spécifiques aux caractéristiques de chacune des fermes.

Dans ce contexte, l’observance des mesures de biosécurité est améliorée lorsqu’elles s’intègrent aux pratiques quotidiennes d’élevage. L’efficacité de son intervention repose par ailleurs sur sa capacité à respecter lui-même les conseils qu’il prodigue.
La filière caprine,
une position de leader à préserver
Authors: Bossis Nicole
Published: August 2024

Cet article propose de fournir une vision synthétique des principales caractéristiques de la filière caprine française et de ses enjeux actuels et à venir.

Le cheptel caprin français se caractérise par son orientation laitière marquée. La France vient en tête au niveau de l’Union Européenne en ce qui concerne la quantité de lait produite et réalise en 2017, avec 595 millions de litres de lait de chèvre, plus de 26 % du volume produit, qu’il soit collecté, transformé à la ferme ou autoconsommé. Le lait de chèvre est essentiellement transformé en fromage, les autres débouchés (lait UHT, yaourts et produits ultra frais) restant anecdotiques bien qu’ils connaissent une forte croissance ces dernières années.

Le nombre d’exploitations françaises pour lesquelles l’activité caprine représente une part significative du revenu est estimé à un peu plus de 5000 élevages et environ 10 000 éleveurs qui détiennent près de 800 000 chèvres. Si les exploitations caprines se distinguent d’abord par le mode de valorisation de leur lait : livraison du lait ou transformation à la ferme, elles sont aussi diverses par leur niveau de spécialisation, leur système fourrager et alimentaire, leur dimension, ...

Entre 2009 et 2012, la filière laitière caprine française a connu une crise économique majeure liée à une trop forte croissance des approvisionnements en lait de chèvre matière première face à des débouchés en repli. Aujourd’hui, la filière caprine française est en situation de résilience. Mais malgré des signaux économiques au vert, la collecte peine à repartir et l’année 2017 a été marquée par l’envolée des importations de lait de chèvre et de caillé congelé qui ont atteint un niveau record.

Le pilotage de la ressource laitière reste une priorité pour ne pas bouleverser tous les équilibres du marché intérieur et maintenir la bonne santé économique de la filière.

Dans son plan de filière rédigé dans le cadre des États Généraux de l’alimentation, l’ANICAP, interprofession caprine s’engage en particulier à mettre en place des actions visant à démontrer l’attractivité du métier d’éleveur de chèvres et à répondre aux enjeux sociétaux (environnement, bien-être animal, ...).
Imagerie 3D en direct : la tomographie par cohérence optique dynamique
Authors: Monfort Tual , Azzollini Salvatore , Norberg Nathaniel , Thouvenin Olivier , Grieve Kate
Published: August 2024

Pour accompagner la révolution des cultures cellulaires
dérivées de cellules souches pluripotentes humaines, qui
permettent la modélisation de maladies, le développement
de thérapies et la médecine personnalisée sans recourir à
des modèles animaux, les outils d’imagerie adaptés font
défaut. La tomographie par cohérence optique plein champ
dynamique offre un contraste métabolique pour une ima-
gerie haute résolution non invasive, sans marquage, et en
direct dans les cultures 2D et 3D, pour l'étude longitudinale
de cellules et d'échantillons humains.
Tomographie par coherence optique plein champ pour l'imagerie in vivo de l'oeil humain
Authors: Mazlin Viacheslav , Bertrand Maxime , Grieve Kate , Boccara Claude , Mecê Pedro
Published: August 2024

Depuis de nombreuses années, l’OCT plein champ s’est imposée comme une méthode bien adaptée à l’imagerie d’échantillons biologiques ex vivo et in-vitro. Cependant, son utilisation in vivo pour imager la cornée et la rétine de l’oeil humain faisait encore face à de nombreux défis. Dans cet article, nous présentons les principales solutions développées par notre groupe au cours des dernières années pour répondre à ces défis. Ces solutions ont permis de transformer l’OCT plein champ en un système clinique capable de fournir, pour la cornée et pour la rétine, des images à haute résolution 3D, à haute cadence d’acquisition et sur un large champ de vision.
Mesure de la transparence cornéenne par l’analyse d’images oct
Authors: Plamann Karsten , Vilbert Maëlle , Bocheux Romain , Georgeon Cristina , Borderie Vincent , Pernot Pascal , Irsch Kristina
Published: August 2024

La cornée est la première des deux lentilles de l’oeil. La transparence de la cornée saine est due à sa structure très régulière qui peut être perturbée en présence de pathologies. Pour diagnostiquer la transparence cornéenne, nous avons développé des méthodes basées sur l’analyse d’images obtenues par tomographie par cohérence optique (OCT) qui permettent d’obtenir des valeurs physiques comme le libre parcours moyen des photons et le pourcentage de transmission cohérente de la lumière, qui impactent la vision.
Predeposit Autologous Blood Donation in Rh(D)-Negative Pregnant Women: A Single-Center Study
Authors: Xie Juan , Ling Yu , Zhou Xiaoyu
Published: August 2024

Objective The primary purpose of this study was to assess the practicability of predeposit autologous blood donation (PABD) in the practice of Rh(D)-negative pregnant women.

Materials and Methods A cohort of 405 Rh(D)-negative pregnant women who had a delivery in the comprehensive tertiary hospital in Nanjing was analyzed retrospectively, over 10 years.

Results After PABD, 203 women experienced a slight drop in mean hemoglobin of 5.32 ± 0.5 g/L (PABD-associated anemia was not featured in our study). Thirteen women who received allogeneic blood might benefit from PABD practically.

Conclusion PABD is applicable for Rh(D)-negative pregnant women, as it ensures the availability of the patient's blood in the event of perinatal hemorrhage, thus minimizing the need for transfusion from external sources. Despite the autologous blood reinfusion of low proportion, PABD could still serve as an alternative when allogeneic blood resources are scarce. However, one challenge in the future is to identify candidates who may benefit most from PABD. Also, more attention is needed to raise awareness of patient blood management. Recommended strategies include early screening and treatment of anemia, hemostasis promotion, and blood loss reduction. Replacement of allogeneic transfusion with autotransfusion could be referred to where feasible. We believe that PABD still has a promising potential for application in Rh(D)-negative pregnant women.
Clinical Semiology and Comparative Analysis of Different Classification Systems of Psychogenic Nonepileptic Seizures
Authors: Mohan Midhun , Kulshreshtha Dinkar , Qavi Abdul , Maurya Pradeep Kumar , Vijayaragavan Vijayavarman , Singh Ajai Kumar
Published: August 2024

Objective Only a few studies have compared the different classification systems of psychogenic nonepileptic seizures (PNESs). A universally acceptable classification system for PNES will aid in the early diagnosis and may lead to better standardization for future studies. This study aimed to describe the clinical semiology and provide comparative analysis of PNES classification systems described by Hubsch et al, Wadwekar et al, Dhiman et al, and Asadi-Pooya.

Methods Prospectively, patients provisionally diagnosed clinically as PNES were confirmed on video electroencephalography and their semiology was classified according to the classification systems mentioned earlier. Patients were additionally evaluated for coexisting anxiety or depression using Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition criteria and its severity assessed using Hamilton's depression/anxiety rating scales.

Results A total of 104 PNES patients were included in the study. Mean age at presentation was 24.5 ± 10.4 years with females as the predominant proportion (76.9%). Whole body flaccidity was the commonest clinical presentation of PNES seen in 60.58% cases. All PNES cases could be classified using the Asadi-Pooya's classification, while 8.7, 47.1, and 53.8% PNES events remained unclassified, respectively, using the classification system as described by Dhiman et al, Wadwekar et al, and Hubsch et al; 33(31.73%) PNES patients had depression and 8 (7.7%) had generalized anxiety disorder in our study.

Conclusion Nonmotor manifestations were the most frequent semiology in our cohort. Of the PNES classification systems studied, Asadi-Pooya's classification was easier to apply and could classify all the patients in the study.
Existence of optimal domains for the helicity maximisation problem among domains satisfying a uniform ball condition
Authors: Gerner Wadim
Published: August 2024

In the present work we present a general framework which guarantees the existence of optimal domains for isoperimetric problems within the class of C1,1-regular domains satisfying a uniform ball condition as long as the desired objective function satisfies certain properties. We then verify that the helicity isoperimetric problem studied in [Cantarella et al., J. Math. Phys. 41, 5615 (2000)] satisfies the conditions of our framework and hence establish the existence of optimal domains within the given class of domains. We additionally use the same framework to prove the existence of optimal domains among uniform C1,1-domains for a first curl eigenvalue problem which has been studied recently for other classes of domains in [Enciso et al., Trans. Am. Math. Soc. 377, 4519–4540 (2024)].