bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Estimating Reliability for Frechet (3+1) Cascade Model
Authors: Khaleel Ahmed Haroon
Published: February 2024

In this paper, the mathematical formula of the reliability function of a special (3+1) cascade model is found, where this model can work with three active components if it is able to cope with the stresses to which it is subjected, while the cascade 3+1 model consists of four components, where the components (A1,A2 and A3) are the basic components in the model and component (A4)  is a spare component in an active state of readiness, so when any of the three core components (A1,A2 and A3)  fails to  copy with the stress they are under and stops working, they are replaced by the standby component  (A4) readiness to keep the model running, it was assumed that the random variables of stress and strength follow one of the statistical life distributions, which is the Frechet distribution. The unknown parameters of the Ferchet distribution were estimated by three different estimation methods (maximum likelihood, least square, and regression), and then the reliability function of the model was estimated by these different methods. A Monte Carlo simulation was performed using MATLAB software to compare the results of different estimation methods and find out which methods are the best for estimating the reliability of the model using two statistical criteria: MSE and MAPE and using different sample sizes. After completing the comparison of the simulation results, it was found that the maximum likelihood estimator is the best for estimating the reliability function of the model among the three different estimation methods
Group of All Taxicab Isometries: A Combinatorial Approach
Authors: Neswan Oki , Sumartono Harry
Published: February 2024

In this work, we give a more thorough and exhaustive proof of the set of all isometries in taxicab geometry using a combinatorial approach. We show that isometries preserving taxicab distance while leaving the origin fixed are uniquely determined by how they permute the vertices of circles. Then, we use this principle to identify all isometries in taxicab geometry.
Bilangan Kromatik Permainan Graf Ubur-Ubur, Graf Siput, dan Graf Gurita
Authors: Abdurahman M Luthfi , Helmi Helmi , Fran Fransiskus
Published: February 2024

Graph coloring is the process of assigning colors to the vertices or edges of a graph. Specifically, coloring the vertices in graph coloring can be implemented in graph coloring games. This article aims to determine the game chromatic number of the jellyfish graph Jm,n, snail graph SIn, and octopus graph On. For example, give G as a simple, connected, and undirected graph and give two players, namely A as the first player and B as the secondary player. The two players A and B color all the vertices of graph G with available colors. The game’s rules are that A must ensure that all vertices of graph G are colored, while B aims to prevent graph G from being uncolored. Players A and B take turns coloring the vertices of graph G, ensuring that the color of neighboring vertices must be different, with A taking the first turn. If all vertices have been colored, A wins the game, but A loses if some vertices remain uncolored despite available colors, A loses. The smallest value of k for which A has a winning strategy in the game with k colors is the game chromatic number, denoted as χg(G). This thesis discusses the graph coloring game of the tadpole graph Tm,n, broom graph Bn,d, jellyfish graph Jm,n, and tribune graph Tn to find the game chromatic number. The results show that player A uses a strategy to color the vertex with the highest degree in the graph, ensuring that player A always wins. Therefore, the game chromatic number of the jellyfish graph, snail graph, and octopus graph is χg (Jm,n) = 3 for m, n ≥ 1, and χg (SIn) = 3 for n ≥ 1, while χg (On) = 3 for n = 2, 3, 4; χg (On) = 4 for n ≥ 5.
Advancements of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Technology in the Realm of Applied Sciences and Engineering: A Review
Authors: Lawali Rabiu  , Anuar Ahmad  , Adel Gohari
Published: February 2024

Due to their versatility, which is a result of technological advancements, and their capacity to carry out various civilian tasks safely and effectively, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) have revolutionized applied sciences and engineering. However, UAV technological advancements in applied sciences and engineering have not been fully leveraged. This paper highlights UAV technology in the realm of applied sciences and engineering. The review covers the historical advancement, classification, benefits, and drawbacks of UAV technology applied to science and engineering. The paper begins with a summary of the advancements, then moves on to a recent historical development and an explanation of the UAV categorization criteria. The review then discusses UAV technology's advantages and drawbacks in applied science and engineering. After WWII, UAVs became increasingly versatile and advanced. Their categories follow numerous criteria. UAVs have numerous applications in applied science and engineering. Regulations stimulate UAV innovation and applications while altering them. The paper concludes by offering a comprehensive overview of UAV technology and its uses in applied sciences and engineering. Future UAV applications are likely to be much more creative and significant as the technology develops and advances.
Perturbation method for determining the displacement field of a three-layer anisotropic cylindrical rod of non-circular cross-section under elastoplastic torsion
Authors: Щеглова Ю.Д.
Published: February 2024

В работе рассматривается упругопластическое кручение анизотропного трехслойного цилиндрического стержня некругового поперечного сечения. Внутренний слой стержня находится в упругопластическом состоянии, два внешних слоя полностью пластические. При известном напряженном состоянии, известном перемещении в упругой области внутреннего слоя и известной упругопластической границе определено поле пермещений в пластических зонах. Предполагается пластическая анизотропия, частными случаями которой являются анизотропия по Хиллу и трансляционная анизотропия. Параметры анизотропии каждого слоя различны. Используется метод малого параметра. Поле пермещений определено в первом приближении.

The paper considers elastoplastic torsion of an anisotropic three-layer cylindrical rod of non-circular cross-section. The inner layer of the rod is in an elastic-plastic state, the two outer layers are completely plastic. With a known stress state, known displacement in the elastic region of the inner layer and a known elastoplastic boundary, the displacement field in the plastic zones is determined. Plastic anisotropy is assumed, special cases of which are Hill anisotropy and translational anisotropy. The anisotropy parameters of each layer are different. The small parameter method is used. The displacement field is determined to a first approximation.
On the question of the origin of the plastic region in composite coatings
Authors: Пеньков Н.А. , Сидоркин О.А. , Бараненко А.В. , Березин Д.В.
Published: February 2024

В статье рассматривается вариант расчета износостойких покрытий. Определяются предельные значения величин упрочнения защитного износостойкого покрытия, которые осесимметричная деталь способна воспринять без последующего разрушения верхнего слоя осадка. Моделью деформирования рассматриваемого покрытия, обладающего большей твердостью в сравнении с материалом основной детали, служит контактная задача: взаимодействие бесконечно длинного цилиндра с полупространством. Определена глубина зарождения пластической области, позволяющая контролировать степень наклепа защитного покрытия детали, не допуская его переупрочнения.

The article discusses the option of calculating wear-resistant coatings. The limiting values of the hardening values of the protective wear-resistant coating are determined, which an axisymmetric part is able to withstand without subsequent destruction of the upper layer of sediment. The deformation model for the coating under consideration, which has greater hardness compared to the material of the main part, is the contact problem: the interaction of an infinitely long cylinder with a half-space. The depth of origin of the plastic region has been determined, which makes it possible to control the degree of hardening protective coating in the part, preventing its over-hardening.
The Septoria leaf blotch of wheat in Central Kazakhstan: prognosis, evaluation and monitoring with remotely sensed data
Authors: Malakhov Dmitry
Published: February 2024

Fungal diseases represent a widely spread natural phenomenon affecting many wild and domesticated plants. In nature, all plant species form plant communities of a mixed character, and the spatial pattern of dominant species is usually irregular and spotted. Some species are impregnable to a certain infection, which provides a kind of natural barrier to the infection spreading within the natural community. Under the agricultural environment, when a single plant species may occupy a huge area, the species-specific parasite takes a great advantage to develop focal outbreaks and fast spreading of the infection within the area. The concentration of vulnerable plants and the absence of natural barriers within the agricultural areas provoke outbreaks of fungal diseases that may have highly harmful consequences and result in significant yield losses. One of the purposes of the satellite optical data is an operative, cost-effective diagnostic tool and, in combination with climatic datasets and crop rotation information, a prognosis of fungal disease appearance and severity. This paper describes the system of prognostic and monitoring measures to control the fungal diseases of wheat in Central Kazakhstan, with particular attention to Septoria leaf blotch. The prognostic procedure provides a map of the probability of septoria leaf blotch appearance. The prognosis considers the combination of three main variables: the model of ecological niche for Septoria, the presence of wheat residue, and the vegetation condition index counted for the late spring (May) of the current year. The novel spectral-based approach introduced in this paper is the core component of monitoring activity. The SLBS-equation appears to have high sensitivity to Septoria leaf blotch severity in the middle to late (stages 8–11, accordingly, Feekes growth stages) periods of wheat development. Several other spectral indices (RETA, VSDI, and vegetation indices) may help provide information on the spatial unevenness of wheat crops that may indicate the presence of fungal infection.
Affordability of electricity to rural consumers in Tanzania: An elephant in the room?
Authors: Muhihi Bikolimana Giliadi
Published: February 2024

Affordability of electricity in rural areas has received negligible concern, yet with equivocal information. Thus, this paper extrapolates this disregarded aspect by raising empirical debates on the affordability of electricity connection and consumption while also predicting the factors of domestic electrical appliances among rural consumers. Affordability of electricity connection was measured by a catastrophic approach through the index of utility Price Income Ratio (PIR) at a threshold of 10%. Consumption affordability was estimated through PIR at a 5% share of household income, coupled with a monthly basic electricity consumption of 30 kWh per household. A multiple regression model was adopted to determine electrical appliance ownership in the household. The paper reveals that electricity connection was not affordable to consumers in the lowest income quintile (61.76%), who spent up to 33% of their income. On consumption, electricity was affordable as consumers spent no more than 5% of their household income. Moreover, the paper explains that electricity affordability and the desire for wellbeing motivate consumers to use domestic electrical appliances. Measuring the affordability of energy has a paucity in the energy literature. Thus, the paper provides insight into the present debate regarding affordability measures. Although the paper uniquely uncovers the affordability of electricity connection and consumption as prime factors for policy consideration, energy policy should also consider that affordability does not end at connection; rather, it extends to consumption. Energy policy must prioritise free technical services for rural power connection and subsidise consumption costs for the economically disadvantaged.
Lixiviación de nutrientes en suelos de la zona cafetera: Prácticas que ayudan a reducirla
Authors: Sadeghian Siavosh , González Osorio Hernán , Arias Suárez Esnéider
Published: February 2024

Para alcanzar el máximo potencial productivo de un cultivo que se desarrolla bajo una oferta ambiental específica, entre otros aspectos, se requiere de la implementación oportuna de prácticas tendientes a disminuir la incertidumbre generada por los recursos que el ecosistema no alcanza a suplir con suficiencia. El suelo es un componente esencial en los sistemas de producción, por ser éste el medio donde se desarrollan las raíces para cumplir funciones de anclaje y absorción de agua, nutrientes y otras sustancias. Este recurso natural es sensible al uso y manejo; característica que afecta sus atributos a corto, mediano o largo plazo, con consecuencias sobre el ecosistema y la productividad de los cultivos.
Delayed X-Ray Brightening Accompanied by Variable Ionized Absorption Following a Tidal Disruption Event
Authors: Wevers T. , Guolo M. , Pasham D. R. , Coughlin E. R. , Tombesi F. , Yao Y. , Gezari S.
Published: February 2024

Supermassive black holes can experience super-Eddington peak mass fallback rates following the tidal disruption of a star. The theoretical expectation is that part of the infalling material is expelled by means of an accretion disk wind, whose observational signature includes blueshifted absorption lines of highly ionized species in X-ray spectra. To date, however, only one such ultrafast outflow (UFO) has been reported in the tidal disruption event (TDE) ASASSN–14li. Here we report on the discovery of a transient absorption-like signature in X-ray spectra of the TDE AT2020ksf/Gaia20cjk (at a redshift of z = 0.092), following an X-ray brightening ∼230 days after UV/optical peak. We find that while no statistically significant absorption features are present initially, they appear on a timescale of several days and remain detected up to 770 days after peak. Simple thermal continuum models, combined with a power-law or neutral absorber, do not describe these features well. Adding a partial-covering, low-velocity ionized absorber improves the fit at early times but fails at late times. A high-velocity (v

w
∼ 42,000 km s−1), ionized absorber (UFO) provides a good fit to all data. The few-day timescale of variability is consistent with expectations for a clumpy wind. We discuss several scenarios that could explain the X-ray delay, as well as the potential for larger-scale wind feedback. The serendipitous nature of the discovery could suggest a high incidence of UFOs in TDEs, alleviating some of the tension with theoretical expectations.
Revealing Multiple Nested Molecular Outflows with Rotating Signatures in HH270mms1-A with ALMA
Authors: Omura Mitsuki , Tokuda Kazuki , Machida Masahiro N.
Published: February 2024

We present molecular line observations of the protostellar outflow associated with HH270mms1 in the Orion B molecular cloud with ALMA. The 12CO (J = 3−2) emissions show that the outflow velocity structure consists of four distinct components of low (≲10 km s−1), intermediate (∼10–25 km s−1) and high (≳40 km s−1) velocities in addition to the entrained gas velocity (∼25–40 km s−1). The high- and intermediate-velocity flows have well-collimated structures surrounded by the low-velocity flow. The chain of knots is embedded in the high-velocity flow or jet, which is the evidence of episodic mass ejections induced by time-variable mass accretion. We could detect the velocity gradients perpendicular to the outflow axis in both the low- and intermediate-velocity flows. We confirmed the rotation of the envelope and disk in the 13CO and C17O emission and found that their velocity gradients are the same as those of the outflow. Thus, we concluded that the velocity gradients in the low- and intermediate-velocity flows are due to the outflow rotation. Using observational outflow properties, we estimated the outflow launching radii to be 67.1–77.1 au for the low-velocity flow and 13.3–20.8 au for the intermediate-velocity flow. Although we could not detect the rotation in the jets due to the limited spatial resolution, we estimated the jet launching radii to be (2.36–3.14) × 10−2 au using the observed velocity of each knot. Thus, the jet is driven from the inner disk region. We could identify the launching radii of distinct velocity components within a single outflow with all the prototypical characteristics expected from recent theoretical works.
Modeling Blazar Broadband Emission with a Convolutional Neural Network. I. Synchrotron Self-Compton Model
Authors: Bégué D. , Sahakyan N. , Dereli-Bégué H. , Giommi P. , Gasparyan S. , Khachatryan M. , Casotto A. , Pe’er A.
Published: February 2024

Modeling the multiwavelength spectral energy distributions (SEDs) of blazars provides key insights into the underlying physical processes responsible for the emission. While SED modeling with self-consistent models is computationally demanding, it is essential for a comprehensive understanding of these astrophysical objects. We introduce a novel, efficient method for modeling the SEDs of blazars by the mean of a convolutional neural network (CNN). In this paper, we trained the CNN on a leptonic model that incorporates synchrotron and inverse Compton emissions, as well as self-consistent electron cooling and pair creation–annihilation processes. The CNN is capable of reproducing the radiative signatures of blazars with high accuracy. This approach significantly reduces the computational time, thereby enabling real-time fitting to multiwavelength data sets. As a demonstration, we used the trained CNN with MultiNest to fit the broadband SEDs of Mrk 421 and 1ES 1959+650, successfully obtaining their parameter posterior distributions. This novel framework for fitting the SEDs of blazars will be further extended to incorporate more sophisticated models based on external Compton and hadronic scenarios, allowing for multimessenger constraints in the analysis. The models will be made publicly available via a web interface at the Markarian Multiwavelength Data Center to facilitate self-consistent modeling of multimessenger data from blazar observations.
Predicting Cloud Conditions in Substellar Mass Objects Using Ultracool Dwarf Companions
Authors: Calamari Emily , Faherty Jacqueline K. , Visscher Channon , Gemma Marina E. , Burningham Ben , Rothermich Austin
Published: February 2024

We present results from conducting a theoretical chemical analysis of a sample of benchmark companion brown dwarfs whose primary star is of type F, G, or K. We summarize the entire known sample of these types of companion systems, termed “compositional benchmarks,” that are present in the literature or recently published as key systems of study in order to best understand brown dwarf chemistry and condensate formation. Via mass balance and stoichiometric calculations, we predict a median brown dwarf atmospheric oxygen sink of

17.8

−
2.3

+
1.7

%

by utilizing published stellar abundances in the local solar neighborhood. Additionally, we predict a silicate condensation sequence such that atmospheres with bulk Mg/Si ≲0.9 will form enstatite (MgSiO3) and quartz (SiO2) clouds, and atmospheres with bulk Mg/Si ≳0.9 will form enstatite and forsterite (Mg2SiO4) clouds. The implications of these results on C/O ratio trends in substellar-mass objects and the utility of these predictions in future modeling work are discussed.
A Quantum Mechanical Treatment of Electron Broadening in Strong Magnetic Fields. II. Large Enhancements due to Exchange Interactions
Authors: Gomez Thomas A. , Zammit Mark C. , Bray Igor , Fontes Christopher J. , White Jackson R.
Published: February 2024

We present a quantum treatment of atom–electron collisions in magnetic fields, demonstrating the significant importance of including the effect of exchange that arises from two interacting electrons. We find strange behaviors that are not encountered in collisions without a magnetic field. In high magnetic fields, exchange can lead to orders of magnitude enhancements of collision cross sections. Additionally, the elastic collision cross sections that involve the ground state become comparable to those involving excited states, and states with large orbits have the largest contribution to the collisions. We anticipate significant changes to spectral line broadening in neutron star surfaces and atmospheres.
Resection and a rare type of reconstruction of the superior vena cava with the left brachiocephalic vein
Authors: Yankov Georgi , Alexieva Magdalena , Mekov Evgeni , Petkov Rosen
Published: February 2024

Resection and reconstruction of the superior vena cava (SVC) are required in a selected group of patients with anterior mediastinal tumors and lung neoplasms. We present the case of a 63-year-old woman who underwent invasive type B2 thymoma resection and a rare type of reconstruction of the superior vena cava using a patch of the left brachiocephalic vein (LBV). The various types of reconstruction of the superior vena cava are discussed.
Sacral nerve root metastasis in a patient with lung carcinoma resembling neurinoma – a case report and literature review
Authors: Kehayov Ivo , Davarski Atanas , Angelova Polina , Kitov Borislav
Published: February 2024

Intradural extramedullary metastases from systemic neoplasms are very rare, with an incidence ranging from 2% to 5% of all secondary spinal diseases. We present the case of a 53-year-old man diagnosed with lung adenocarcinoma with symptoms of severe back pain and tibial paresis. The magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed an intradural lesion originating from the right S1 nerve root mimicking neurinoma. Total tumor removal was achieved via posterior midline approach. The histological examination was consistent with lung carcinoma metastasis. Due to the rarity of single nodular nerve root metastases, MRI images may be misinterpreted as nerve sheath tumors, such as schwannomas or neurofibromas. We performed a brief literature review outlining the mainstay of diagnosis, therapeutic approach, and the prognosis of these rare lesions.
Rapid risk assessment of plant pathogenic bacteria and protists likely to threaten agriculture, biodiversity and forestry in Zambia
Authors: Mulema Joseph , Phiri Sydney , Bbebe Nchimunya , Chandipo Rodwell , Chijikwa Mutibo , Chimutingiza Hildah , Kachapulula Paul , Kankuma Mwanda Francisca , Matimelo Mathews , Mazimba-Sikazwe Emma , Mfune Sydney , Mkulama Mtawa , Moonga Miyanda , Mphande Wiza , Mufwaya Millens , Mulenga Rabson , Mweemba Brenda , Ndalamei Mabote Damien , Nkunika Phillip , Nthenga Isaiah , Tembo Mathias , Chowa Judith , Odunga Stacey , Opisa Selpha , Kasoma Chapwa , Charles Lucinda , Makale Fernadis , Rwomushana Ivan , Phiri Noah Anthony
Published: February 2024

A prioritisation study was conducted to address the lack of adequate information about potential pests likely to be introduced in Zambia and become invasive. The study was conducted by subject matter experts from relevant institutions in and outside Zambia. Although this study focused on major pest categories, this paper only addresses bacteria and Protista. A list of 306 bacterial and 10 Protista species adjudged to affect plants was generated using CABI’s Horizon Scanning Tool. The 316 (total) pest species were refined to focus on pests that affect value chains important to Zambia’s economy. This resulted in a final list of 133 bacteria and eight Protista. Four additional bacteria species considered of phytosanitary interest were added and all 137 bacteria and eight Protista species were subjected to a rapid risk assessment using agreed guidelines. Vectors reported to transmit any of the pathogenic organisms were also subjected to a risk assessment. A proportion of 53% (n = 77 of 145) comprising 73 bacteria and four Protista species were reported as present in Africa. Of these, 42 (57%, n = 73) bacterial species and two (n=4) Protista species were reported in neighbouring countries. Considering a cut-off of 54, the highest scoring pests were 40 bacteria (highest score of 140) and three Protista (highest score of 125). Three actions were suggested for high-scoring pests, a detection surveillance, a pest-initiated pest risk analysis (PRA) or a detection surveillance followed by pest-initiated PRA. A “no action” was suggested where the risk was very low although, for some pathogenic organisms, a “no action” was followed by periodic monitoring. This information will contribute towards proactive prevention and management of biological invasions.
Stability and bifurcation analysis of a discrete predator-prey system of Ricker type with refuge effect
Authors: Naik Parvaiz Ahmad , Amer Muhammad , Ahmed Rizwan , Qureshi Sania , Huang Zhengxin
Published: February 2024

The refuge effect is critical in ecosystems for stabilizing predator-prey interactions. The purpose of this research was to investigate the complexities of a discrete-time predator-prey system with a refuge effect. The analysis investigated the presence and stability of fixed points, as well as period-doubling and Neimark-Sacker (NS) bifurcations. The bifurcating and fluctuating behavior of the system was controlled via feedback and hybrid control methods. In addition, numerical simulations were performed as evidence to back up our theoretical findings. According to our findings, maintaining an optimal level of refuge availability was critical for predator and prey population cohabitation and stability.
Adaptive fuzzy fixed time formation control of state constrained nonlinear multi-agent systems against FDI attacks
Authors: Du Jinxin , Liu Lei
Published: February 2024

In this manuscript, based on nonlinear multi-agent systems (MASs) with full state constraints and considering security control problem under false data injection (FDI) attacks, the fixed-time formation control (FTFC) protocol was designed, which can ensure that all agents follow the required protocol within a fixed time. Fuzzy logic system (FLS) was used to compensate and approximate the uncertain function, which improved safety and robustness of the formation process. Finally, the fixed-time theory and Lyapunov stability theory were addressed to prove the effectiveness of the proposed method, and simulation examples verified the effectiveness of the theory.
Antibacterial activity of Arthrobacter strains isolated from Great Gobi A Strictly Protected Area, Mongolia
Authors: Bernacchi Alberto , Semenzato Giulia , di Mascolo Manuel , Amata Sara , Bechini Angela , Berti Fabiola , Calonico Carmela , Catania Valentina , Emiliani Giovanni , Esposito Antonia , Greco Claudia , Mocali Stefano , Mucci Nadia , Padula Anna , Piccionello Antonio Palumbo , Nasanbat Battogtokh , Davaakhuu Gantulga , Bazarragchaa Munkhtsetseg , Riga Francesco , Augugliaro Claudio , Puglia Anna Maria , Zaccaroni Marco , Renato Fani
Published: February 2024

Desert soil hosts many microorganisms, whose activities are essential from an ecological viewpoint. Moreover, they are of great anthropic interest. The knowledge of extreme environments microbiomes may be beneficial for agriculture, technology, and human health. In this study, 11 Arthrobacter strains from topsoil samples collected from the Great Gobi A Strictly Protected Area in the Gobi Desert, were characterized by a combination of different techniques. The phylogenetic analysis, performed using their 16S rDNA sequences and the most similar Arthrobacter sequences found in databases, revealed that most of them were close to A. crystallopoietes, while others joined a sister group to the clade formed by A. humicola, A. pascens, and A. oryzae. The resistance of each strain to different antibiotics, heavy-metals, and NaCl was also tested as well as the inhibitory potential against human pathogens (i.e., Burkholderia ssp., Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus ssp.) via cross-streaking, to check the production of metabolites with antimicrobial activity. Data obtained revealed that all strains were resistant to heavy metals and were able to strongly interfere with the growth of many of the human pathogens tested. The volatile organic compounds (VOCs) profile of the 11 Arthrobacter strains was also analyzed. A total of 16 different metabolites were found, some of which were already known for having an inhibitory action against different Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Isolate MS-3A13, producing the highest quantity of VOCs, is the most efficient against Burkholderia cepacia complex (Bcc), K. pneumoniae, and coagulase-negative Staphylococci (CoNS) strains. This work highlights the importance of understanding microbial populations' phenotypical characteristics and dynamics in extreme environments to uncover the antimicrobial potential of new species and strains.
Structural Equations and Analysis of Dispositions
Authors: Friend Toby
Published: February 2024

I develop a new schema for analysis of dispositions in terms of structural equations. This schema provides the means to respond to a host of problems that have been posed for other proposals, including the problem of masks, alters, mimickers, tricks, conjunctive multi-track dispositions and dispositional degrees. In the development of this new schema, I will employ structural modelling techniques to highlight features of the problem cases, thereby revealing the utility of these techniques to ongoing discussion.
Emerging Trends and Innovations in Blockchain-Digital Twin Integration for Green Investments
Authors: Tariq Muhammad Usman
Published: February 2024

This chapter explores the dynamic interaction between blockchain technology and digital twins in the context of green investing. It examines the revolutionary influence of the synergy of these cutting-edge technologies on the efficiency, transparency, and dependability of sustainable investing methods. The chapter begins with an informative introduction to the fundamentals of blockchain and digital twins, illuminating their separate functions before revealing their joint potential for strengthening green investment initiatives. A detailed assessment of the most recent improvements in blockchain and digital twin technologies follows, focusing on smart contracts, enhanced data analytics, and real-time monitoring. The actual implementation and effects of this integration are presented via illustrative case studies of renewable energy, sustainable infrastructure, and environmental conservation. This chapter delves deeper into the problems of integrating these technologies, providing practical insights and solutions to technical, regulatory, and operational roadblocks.
The Nexus of Smart Contracts and Digital Twins Transforming Green Finance With Automated Transactions in Investment Agreements
Authors: Balaji K.
Published: February 2024

In recent years, the integration of digital twins and smart contracts has become a revolutionary force in the field of green finance. The purpose of this chapter is to examine how smart contracts and digital twins are interwoven, particularly in relation to how they have significant influence in the field of green finance. It looks into the way these innovations work together to transform agreements regarding investments by making automated transactions possible and maximising effectiveness and transparency. This investigation demonstrates how working together can simplify complicated financing processes and increase responsibility and dependability for sustainable investment projects. The chapter demonstrates the real-world use of digital twins and smart contracts via case studies and theoretical insights, highlighting their revolutionary influence on changing the face of green finance.
Disrupting Financial Services
Authors: Naseema N. , Akhtar Shakeb , Al Hinai Asila Abdullah
Published: February 2024

This book chapter aims to ferret into the ever-evolving landscape of financial technology through a comprehensive case study of Capital One- A disruptor of financial services by using big data. It involves a broad range of technological applications, including software, mobile applications, artificial intelligence, block chain, big data and other emerging technologies, to enhance and streamline various financial activities such as banking, payments, investments, and insurance. This book chapter explores the journey of “Capital One” in adopting fintech innovations to enhance its financial services offerings and increasing profitability by reducing the risk. Capital One is recognized as one of the early adopters of fintech in the banking industry. As a leading financial institution, Capital One has strategically integrated fintech solutions to improve operational efficiency, customer experience, and overall competitiveness in the dynamic financial landscape.
Effect of Micro and Nano Particles of Al2O3 and SiO2 on Electrical Tree Inhibition in Epoxy Resin Insulator
Authors: Foitong Mituna , Suksri Amnart
Published: February 2024

Electrical tree is a topic that has been extensively studied in recent years. Electrical tree is considered a deterioration of the electrical insulator due to the high voltage field's distortion. Solid insulating materials used in high voltage applications, such as epoxy resin are widely employed due to their high dielectric strength and excellent mechanical properties. This research studies the effect of micro and nanoparticles of Al2O3 and SiO2 on electrical tree inhibition in epoxy resin insulators. Electrical tree inhibition is achieved by incorporating micro and nanoparticles into the polymer material, which possess different properties. Following ASTM D 3756-97, the experiment is conducted with a constant 22 kV voltage and frequency of 50 Hz. Both Al2O3 and SiO2 possess the ability to inhibit the growth of the electrical tree. Experimental results revealed that the addition of Al2O3 and SiO2 to the epoxy resin affected the formation of electric trees. As the quantity of filler increases, fewer electric trees are produced. Additionally, It has an effect on the initial formation time of electric trees. The initial time of the electric tree with the addition of micro/nano(1/3) Al2O3 additives at a ratio of 0.1 wt% was 3.5 times longer when compare with pure epoxy resin.
Mechanical Properties Response of Heat Treated Recycled Aluminium Alloy Reinforced with Gold Nanoparticle (AuNps) Extracted from Aloe Vera Leaf
Authors: Azeez Temitayo Mufutau , Akande Saheed , Ikumapayi Omolayo M. , Kayode Joseph , Afolalu Sunday  Adeniran
Published: February 2024

Aluminium and its alloys are becoming more widely used in engineering due to a growing need for lightweight metals. However, owing to boundary segregation and coarse dendritic grains, typical cast aluminium alloys have low hardness and strength, limiting their use in large-scale and complex-shaped applications. Many studies have shown that reinforcing aluminium alloy with nanoparticles synthesized by various chemical and physical ways improves these shortcomings, but these approaches are both expensive and potentially dangerous. Recycling aluminium scrap is also necessary to save energy and money. Therefore, this research aimed at production of high tensile strength and hardness from scrapped aluminium reinforced with synthetic nano particle and subjected to heat treatment. The elemental composition of aluminium alloy cast from scrap was analyzed using a Light Emission Polyvac Spectrometer, and gold nanoparticles were synthesized from aloe vera leaves. In creating a Metal Matrix Nano Composite, Al alloy was reinforced with gold nanoparticles at various percentages. At 450 °C, the reinforced Metal Matrix Nano Composite was hardened. The composites' hardness, tensile strength, and microstructural analyses were determined. The composites' grain structure demonstrated a uniform distribution of reinforcing phase of Al 6063 Alloy. The microhardness and tensile strength of the composites are influenced by the % weight proportion of AuNps and the heat treatment. After 3 percent and 6 percent weight of AuNps reinforcement were used, the microhardness/tensile strength of the reinforced sample rose by 22.4 Hv/58MPa and 24.7 Hv/80MPa, respectively, but when the composites were hardened, it climbed to 41 Hv/109 MPa and 45.5 Hv/125 MPa. After 3 percent and 6 percent weight of AuNps reinforcement were used, the microhardness/tensile strength of the reinforced sample rose by 22.4 Hv/58MPa and 24.7 Hv/80MPa, respectively, but when the composites were hardened, it climbed to 41 Hv/109 MPa and 45.5 Hv/125 MPa.
Diagnostic accuracy of daytime polysomnography: a reappraisal during the COVID-19 era
Authors: Patro Mahismita , Malhotra Nipun , Gothi Dipti , Kumar Rahul , Yasasvini Ganjam
Published: February 2024

Level I conventional polysomnography (PSG), the gold standard for diagnosing obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), requires an overnight stay. This study evaluated the role of daytime PSG as an alternative diagnostic tool. A prospective cohort study was undertaken with consecutive patients with suspected OSA at a tertiary care sleep center. The primary objective was to evaluate the sensitivity and diagnostic accuracy of daytime PSG for diagnosing OSA. The secondary objective was to find out the factors associated with a falsely negative daytime PSG result. All individuals were subjected to level I daytime PSG, done in the sleep lab in the presence of an experienced sleep technician during the daytime from 12 PM to 4 PM. Out of 162 patients, 105 underwent daytime PSG. OSA was diagnosed on daytime PSG in 86.7 out of the 19 remaining patients refused a repeat PSG study. Out of the 12 individuals who underwent the nighttime PSG for confirmatory diagnosis, 10 were diagnosed as OSA (false negatives), and 2 were confirmed as not-OSA (true negatives). The sensitivity, diagnostic accuracy, and negative predictive value of daytime PSG were 89.58%, 89.80%, and 16.67%, respectively. The false negatives had a higher prevalence of mild OSA. Daytime PSG is sensitive in diagnosing OSA and can be considered in individuals with severe symptoms at centers with a high patient load or when the individual wishes to avoid a nighttime study. A negative result in daytime PSG must be followed by conventional overnight PSG for confirmatory diagnosis.
Secondary prophylaxis of venous thromboembolism (VTE) with low dose apixaban or rivaroxaban: results from a patient population with more than 2 years of median follow-up
Authors: Laganà Alessandro , Assanto Giovanni Manfredi , Masucci Chiara , Passucci Mauro , Donzelli Livia , Serrao Alessandra , Baldacci Erminia , Santoro Cristina , Chistolini Antonio
Published: February 2024

Background: Direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) are widely used for the treatment and secondary prophylaxis of venous thromboembolism (VTE). Nowadays, DOACs represent the gold standard for long-term anticoagulation, with low-intensity DOACs administration becoming increasingly used worldwide in such scenario. Albeit low-intensity apixaban and rivaroxaban are approved for clinical usage as secondary VTE prophylaxis, there are few literature data regarding their efficacy and safety with a long follow-up.

Objectives: The aim of our study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of low-dose DOACs for VTE secondary prophylaxis, in patients at high risk of VTE recurrence.

Methods: We retrospectively evaluated patients who required long-term anticoagulant secondary prophylaxis to prevent recurrent VTE, treated with apixaban 2.5 mg BID or rivaroxaban 10 mg daily with a follow-up ≥ 12 months.

Results: The examined patients were 323. The median low-dose DOACs administration time was 25.40 months (IQR 13.93-45.90). Twelve (3.7%) VTE recurrences were observed; 21 bleeding events were registered (6.5%), including one episode of MB (0.3%), 8 CRNMB (2.5%) and 12 minor bleeding (3.7%). No statistically significant difference in the rate of VTE recurrence and/or bleeding events emerged between rivaroxaban and apixaban groups. Patients included in the study for multiple episodes of VTE presented a significant higher risk of a new VTE recurrence during low-intensity DOAC.

Conclusions: Our data suggest that low-dose DOACs may be effective and safe in the secondary VTE prophylaxis in patients at high risk of VTE recurrence, but attention might be needed in their choice in such scenario for patients who experienced multiple episodes of VTE.
Coexistence of multiple gene variants in some patients with erythrocytoses
Authors: Benetti Andrea , Bertozzi, PhD, MD Irene , Ceolotto Giulio , Cortella Irene , Regazzo Daniela , Biagetti Giacomo , Cosi Elisabetta , Randi, MD, Prof Maria Luigia
Published: February 2024

Background: Erythrocytosis is a relatively common condition, however a large proportion of these patients (70%) remain without a clear etiologic explanation. 

Methods: We set up a targeted NGS panel for patients with erythrocytosis and 118 sporadic patients with idiopathic erythrocytosis were studied.

Results: In 40 (34%) patients no variant was found while in 78 (66%) we identified at least one germinal variant; 55 patients (70.5%) had 1 altered gene, 18 (23%) had 2 alterations, and 5 (6.4%) had 3. An altered HFE gene was observed in 51 cases (57.1%), EGLN1 in 18 (22.6%) and EPAS1, EPOR, JAK2, and TFR2 variants in 7.7%, 10.3%, 11.5%, and 14.1% patients, respectively. In 23 patients (19.45%), more than 1 putative variant was found in multiple genes.

Conclusions: Genetic variants in patients with erythrocytosis were detected in about 2/3 of our cohort. A NGS panel including more candidate genes should reduce the number of cases diagnosed as “idiopathic” erythrocytosis in whom a cause cannot yet be identified. It is known that HFE variants are common in idiopathic erythrocytosis. TFR2 alterations supports the existence of a relationship between genes involved in iron metabolism and impaired erythropoiesis. Some novel multiple variants were identified. Erythrocytosis appears to be often of multigenic nature.
Clinical signs and treatment of New-onset Bone marrow failure associated SARS-CoV-2 infection in Children : a single institution prospective cohort study .
Authors: Youssef Mervat A M , Hmed Ebtisam Shawky , Kamal Dalia Tarik , Elsayh, Khalid , Abdelfatta Mai A , Mahran Hyam Hassan Mahran , Embaby Mostafa  M
Published: February 2024

Viral infections can cause direct and indirect damage to hematopoietic stem cells.

The objectives of this study were to identify the frequency and severity of aplastic anemia in Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 ( SARS-CoV-2) infected children as well as recognition of the response to treatment

Methodology: 13 children with newly-diagnosed severe aplastic anemia enrolled in this prospective clinical trial. Blood samples were obtained from all patients to detect SARS-CoV-2 antibodies, and nasopharyngeal swabs were collected for reverse-transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction to detect  SARS-CoV-2 viruses.  According to the laboratory results,  patients were classified in to SARS-CoV-2 positive  antibodies and SARS-CoV-2  negative antibodies .  Both groups received combined cyclosporine (CsA) + Eltrombopag (E-PAG). The hematological response either complete response (CR)or partial response (PR), no response (NR) and overall response (OR) rates of combined E-PAG + CsA treatment after 6 months were evaluated.

Results: Four children were recognized to have aplastic anemia and SARS-CoV-2 positive antibodies. Two patients fulfilled the hematological criteria for CR and no longer required transfusion of packed red blood cells (PRBCs) or platelets and  one had PR  and were still PRBC transfusion-dependent but no longer required platelet transfusion. The remaining patient showed NR and he had died before reaching the top of the  HSCT waiting list. Moreover, six patients in the SARS-CoV-2 negative antibodies group had CR while three patients had PR. The difference in ANC, Hg, and platelet counts between both groups was not significant.

Conclusion: SARS-CoV-2 virus is added to several viral infections known to be implicated in the pathogenesis of aplastic anaemia. Studies are needed to establish a definitive association and determine whether the response of bone marrow failure to standard therapy differ from that of idiopathic cases.
Switching from Conventional Fibrates to Pemafibrate Has Beneficial Effects on the Renal Function of Diabetic Subjects with Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Izumihara Rimi , Nomoto Hiroshi , Kito Kenichi , Yamauchi Yuki , Omori Kazuno , Shibayama Yui , Yanagiya Shingo , Miya Aika , Kameda Hiraku , Cho Kyu Yong , Nagai So , Sakuma Ichiro , Nakamura Akinobu , Atsumi Tatsuya ,   on Behalf of the PARM-T2D Study Group
Published: February 2024

Background: Fibrates have renal toxicity limiting their use in subjects with chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, pemafibrate has fewer toxic effects on renal function. In the present analysis, we evaluated the effects of pemafibrate on the renal function of diabetic subjects with or without CKD in a real-world clinical setting.Methods: We performed a sub-analysis of data collected during a multi-center, prospective, observational study of the effects of pemafibrate on lipid metabolism in subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus complicated by hypertriglyceridemia (the PARM-T2D study). The participants were allocated to add pemafibrate to their existing regimen (ADD-ON), switch from their existing fibrate to pemafibrate (SWITCH), or continue conventional therapy (CTRL). The changes in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) over 52 weeks were compared among these groups as well as among subgroups created according to CKD status.Results: Data for 520 participants (ADD-ON, n=166; SWITCH, n=96; CTRL, n=258) were analyzed. Of them, 56.7% had CKD. The eGFR increased only in the SWITCH group, and this trend was also present in the CKD subgroup (P<0.001). On the other hand, eGFR was not affected by switching in participants with severe renal dysfunction (G3b or G4) and/or macroalbuminuria. Multivariate analysis showed that being older and a switch from fenofibrate were associated with elevation in eGFR (both P<0.05).Conclusion: A switch to pemafibrate may be associated with an elevation in eGFR, but to a lesser extent in patients with poor renal function.