bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
COMPARATIVE CLINICAL EFFICACY OF ARK TAILA AND ARK CREAM
APPLICATION IN THE MANAGEMENT OF VICHARCHIKA - AN OPEN LABELLED, RANDOMISED CONTROLLED CLINICAL TRIAL
Authors: Purohit Suman , 2 Saurabh , Yadav Yadevendra
Published: March 2021

Vicharchika is one of Kushtha included under Rakta Pradoshaja Vikaras, recurrent and chronic in nature. Modern dermatologists use topical therapy such as topical corticosteroid; topical emollients etc. to give symptomatic relief but it cost in severe long-term toxicity, skin irritation and may cause skin cancer. In Ayurvedic texts, there are hundreds of medicaments as a successful and safer remedy for the chronic der-ma problems including Vicharchika. Acharya Sharangdhar had depicted one such formulation “Ark Taila” for treating Vicharchika. Sneha Siddha drugs have better pharmacokinetics action in comparison to other dosage form because of the lipid nature of bio- membrane, as lipid soluble substances readily perme-ate into cells. Aim and Objective: To compare the efficacy of Ark Taila and Ark cream application in the management of Vicharchika. Materials and Methods: In this study, 30 patients of Vicharchika were se-lected and randomly allocated into two groups. In group A, Ark Taila (n = 15), and in group B Ark cream (n = 15) was given to patients for local application. Patients were assessed for relief in signs and symptoms at interval for fifteen days for sixty days. Results: Patients of group A has maximum relief in sign and symp-toms of Vicharchika in comparison of group B. Conclusion: The study concluded that Ark Taila is an ef-fective formulation of choice for the management of Vicharchika as compared to Ark cream.
SAMANYA SHODHANA OF RAW VANGA BY DHALANA METHOD WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO RASTARANGINI: PHARMACEUTICO-ANALYTICAL STUDY FROM ASHVIN RURAL AYURVED COLLEGE, MANCHIHILL, SANGAMNER,
MAHARASHTRA
Authors: Giri Supriya A. , Atram Ravindra , Kolte Smita , Lokhande Sanjeev
Published: March 2021

Background: Shodhana is a process which separate mala by doing Peshana, Khalana, Mardana, Dhala-na, Nirvapana, Swedhana etc. Objective: To study the physical, chemical changes in raw Vanga before and after Samanya Shodhana. Materials & Methods: In the present study, Vanga Shodhana is carried out by Dhalana method in different media as Taila, Takra, Gomutra, Aranala, Kulattha Kwatha for 7 times. Results and Conclusions: Physical changes take place in metal useful for further process. Removal of zinc and lead from the raw Vanga shows the importance of Malavicchedana property of Shodhana. Vanga un-dergoes the oxidation as a chemical change which quickens the further process of Jarana and Marana
CONCEPT OF DOSHAJA KASA – A REVIEW ARTICLE
Authors: Badwal Divya , Agarwal Ruby Rani , Tiwari Shashikant , Kumar Shobhit
Published: March 2021

In the Ayurvedic classics, Kasa is considered as an independent disease. It may also occur as Lakshana (symptom) or Upadarava (complication) in other diseases. It is an example of Pranavaha Srotas Dushti. According to Acharya Charaka, the Moola of Pranavaha Srotas are Hridya (Brain, Heart) and Mahasro-tas. Acharyas have described definition, etiological factors, prodromal symptoms, symptoms, types of Kasa along with all Pathya (wholesome) & Apathya (unwholesome) and therapeutic measures. Kasa is manifested with the vitiation of Vata & Kapha. Understanding and differentiating Kasa is important for its effective treatment. The study of Kasa is necessary as it can be associated with many complications if left untreated. In this context different Lakshanas (symptoms) of Doshaja Kasa explained by Acharyas can be used for diagnosis as well as prognosis of the disease. Thus, with help of this study alternate safe methods of treatment can be employed. So, its identification as Doshaja Kasa can be a ray of hope for the diagno-sis.
SCOPE OF PANCHAKARMA IN NEURO-DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS
Authors: Kumawat Achala R. , Singh Karishma , Mangal Gopesh
Published: March 2021

Pediatric neurology has emerged as an important and flourishing super specialty of pediatrics. Burden of neurological disorders in childhood age group is enormous. About a quarter of chronic childhood problems are neurological in origin. Indian subcontinent faces a great burden of neuro-developmental disorders due to dual challenge of genetic and acquired disease burden posed by nutritional, infectious, toxic, and trau-matic insults. With a pediatric population that constitutes nearly 40% of 1200 million people in India, prev-alence of neurological disorder in community is estimated as 27.5 per 1000 population in age group 6 months- 2 years. Pursuit for healthy offspring has been mentioned as one of the feats of human life. Not only being childless has been a criticism since ancient times but having a child with congenital or develop-mental deformities is also a curse. Ayurveda focuses on preventive measures for healthy progeny. Pan-chakarma helps in improving the quality of progeny. It not only improves the quality of life of child suf-fering from neurodevelopment disorders, but also relieves the physical, mental, and social stress of the cus-todian. This paper aims at highlighting the vast scope of therapeutic efficacies of Panchakarma in pediat-ric neurology.
STUDY OF NIDANA PANCHAKA OF CONTEMPORARY MADHUMEHA PATIENT
vis. a. vis. TYPE II DIABETES MELLITUS
Authors: Sahebrao Lokhande Abhijeet , Sudhakarrao Joshi Dnyanesh , Ashokrao Gawai Abhijeet
Published: March 2021

Junk food and lavish lifestyle is a status statement of today era which is responsible for various type of diseases. Diabetes Mellitus is one of the predominant diseases causing this lifestyle. Diabetes Mellitus re-sembling with Madhumeha which is one type of Vataj Prameha explained by Acharya Charaka. The ayurvedic protocol of management is very beneficial for prophylaxis and treatment of Madhumeha (Dia-betes Mellitus). Madhumeha can be treated more accurately according to the Ayurvedic method of treat-ment only if its Nidan Panchaka (Etiopathogenesis) is well established.
Aim: To study Nidana Panchaka of contemporary Madhumeha patient vis. a. vis. type II diabetes mellitus.
Material & Method: In this study, already diagnosed 30 patients of diabetes mellitus type II were selected and the history of those patients was taken according to standard case proforma. Present study is Analyti-cal, Retrospective, Observational, and Cross-sectional type.
Observation: An analyzed data indicated that lavish lifestyle, unhealthy food, and junk food are also the reasons behind disease along with Hetus (Etiological factor) mentioned in the Samhitas (Ayurveda Litera-ture).
Conclusion: It can be concluded that it is possible to establish the Nidan Panchak of Madhumeha vyadhi with the help of Ayurvedic basic principles.
ANALYTICAL STUDY OF PIPPALYADI ANJANA: AN AYURVEDIC FORMULATION
Authors: Gunjan Sharma , 2 Akanksha , Renu Prasad , Arun Kumar
Published: March 2021

Pippalyadi Anjana is an Ayurvedic topical formulation mentioned in Ayurvedic classic. The formulation is believed to cure ocular ailments such as Arma, Timira, Kaach, Arjuna. According to Acharya Yogratnakar this Anjana can be used to eradicate all the ocular disorders if prepared appropriately. It can be the best option among all Anjanas from which the eye diseases can’t be appeared. Keeping all these points in view this study has been undertaken with the aim to modify Pippalayadi Anjana into ointment form and to de-velop the physicochemical profile of the final product. Anjana was prepared in the form of Ghan Satva Kalpana and the Laksha and Saindhav was added then mixed with Siktha of cow ghee and emulsified bee wax for attaining the final product.
Materials and Method: The prepared drug was evaluated for organoleptic study, physiochemical study, pH value and the product were subjected for microbial contamination test, it was tested in analytical labora-tory and results were documented.
Result: The result shows the organoleptic character and sterility.
Conclusion: Pippalyadi Anjana was prepared by following the method prescribed in Yogratnakar. This paper presents the analytical study of the formulation.
A CLINICAL STUDY TO EVALUATE THE EFFECT OF GUDUCHYADI SYRUP IN ENHANCEMENT OF MEDHA IN SCHOOL GOING CHILDREN
Authors: N. P Navya. , M. K Sharada. , Chowta Jithesh
Published: March 2021

Academic underachievement of children is a big concern among parents and teachers in present day competitive society. It is reported that around 20% of school children have scholastic backwardness include physical illness, below average Intelligence, Learning Disabilities, Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder, Psychiatric Disorder, family and school factors. Intelligence is usually said to involve mental capabilities such as the ability to reason, plan, solve problems, think abstractly, comprehend ideas and language, and learn. In spite of advancement in modern medicine, its success is very limited in context with the enhancement of Intellectual power and memory. Objectives: 1) To select subject with IQ ranging from 70 – 89 and study in detail about the factors influencing the Intelligence. 2) To evaluate the effect of Guduchyadi Syrup in the enhancement of Medha in school going children.
Materials and Methods: An interventional Randomized Placebo Controlled Clinical study was conducted, in which 30 subjects were assigned in both Group A and Group B and given with Guduchyadi syrup and Sugar syrup respectively, with a dose of 5ml thrice a day after food for duration of 3 months. Follow up was done on 30th day after completion of the treatment.
Interpretation and Result: Both the groups showed significant result in Subjective and Objective parameters. Conclusion: Both Guduchyadi syrup and Sugar syrup are having significant effect on Medha. The effect is considered to be consistent or improved even after follow up. But the change was less for the group given with Sugar syrup compared to the effect of Guduchyadi syrup.
STANDARDIZATION OF DARVYADI EYE OINTMENT: AN AYURVEDIC
FORMULATION
Authors: Sharma Gunjan , Gairola Archana , Chauhan Priyanka , Arun Kumar Arun Kumar
Published: March 2021

Darvyadi Raskriya is a combination of herbal drugs mentioned in Ayurvedic classic Sharangdhar Samhita. The formulation is believed to cure ocular complaints like Netra Daha, Ashru, raag and Ruja if prepared following appropriate methods. Material and Methods: For making the application of drug more convenient present study has been undertaken with the aim to modify Darvyadi Raskriya into ointment form and to develop the physicochemical profile of the final product. This form was designed in two steps viz. preparation of Ghana Satva from decoction of herbal drugs and mixing powdered Satva with Goghrit and paraffin wax used as a base for attaining the final product. The prepared drug was evaluated for organoleptic study, physicochemical study, pH value and also the product was subjected for microbial contamination test. It was tested in analytical laboratory and results were documented. Result and Discussion: The result shows the organoleptic character and sterility of the product. Conclusion: Darvyadi Raskriya ointment was prepared by following the method described in Sharangdhar Samhita. This paper presents the analytical study of the formulation.
A CONTROLLED CLINICAL STUDY TO EVALUATE THE EFFICACY OF
MUSHKAKADI GANA KASHAYA AND VARUNADI KWATHA IN THE
MANAGEMENT OF MUTRASHMARI Vis a Vis “UROLITHIASIS”
Authors: Ayu Pradeep , Acharya Shripathi , Shet Pramod
Published: March 2021

The genitourinary system is the most important part of human being. Ashmari, one among the Mahagada. Mutrashmari as a variant equated to urolithiasis is the most common ailment of the genitourinary system. In the present study, Mushkakadi Gana Kashaya an effective safe remedy in Ayurveda was evaluated. In the present study, 40 patient’s urolithiasis from OPD/IPD of Muniyal Institute of Ayurveda Medical sciences, Manipal. It was a comparative study to evaluate the effect of Mushkakadi Gana Kashaya and Varunadi Kashaya, with a pre-test and post-test design. The assessment of therapy was done by suitable scoring methods which were critically analysed. The results thus obtained were subjected to statistical analysis. The end results thus obtained and graded according to various grades. The study showed Mushkakadi gana was effective in management of Ashmari.
A CRITICAL REVIEW ON LEPA KALPANA IN SKIN DISORDERS W.S.R TO
SHARANGDHAR SAMHITA
Authors: Agrawal Richa , Gavali Jyoti
Published: March 2021

Skin is the largest organ of the body with its great cosmetic value. It has an ample of importance as it is one of the five Jananendriyas (sense organ); it is readily exposed to external environment. Skin care is very important aspect for beauty which indirectly affects owns personality. Cosmetology in Ayurveda has great demand to its uniqueness and long-lasting effect in beauty. Paste of herbal powders are mixed together and applied on face. Being one of the major texts in Ayurveda herbal pharmaceuticals, Sharangdhara Samhita contributes a very significant part in the world of Ayurveda. Sharanghdharsamhita has a separate chapter on lepa, it defines importance of beauty and lepa. It can be taken as a reference by many cosmetic physi-cians as well as academicians. There are total 94 types of Lepa are mentioned in Sharangdhar and of which 26 Lepas are indicated in skin disorder and rest are indicated in different disorders like hair disor-ders, inflammation, wound etc. The present article is aimed to provide details about Lepakalpana from classics of Ayurveda i.e. Sharangdhara Samhita. Sharngdhar has mentioned medicament for local appli-cation in skin disorders and indicated the use of herbal and herbo-mineral compounds which signifies the uniqueness of Sharangdhar Samhita.
MANAGEMENT OF CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE BY AYURVEDA W.S.R. TO BASTI
Authors: Sharma Bhuvnesh , Datta Shukla Gyanendra , Sharma Parul
Published: March 2021

Kidneys plays a vital role in homeostasis by maintaining the body fluid and removing the harmful toxins out of the body through urine formation. Chronic kidney disease is a type of kidney disease which is pro-gressive in nature and there is gradual loss of kidney function over a period of months or years and have complex and different etio-pathologies. With the growing number of cases and keeping in mind the availa-ble conventional line of treatment and its financial burden on patient, Ayurveda through its holistic line of management, either in the form of Shamana & Shodhana or in the form of dietary advices stand distinct and it seems to be effective and safe. And by including proper daily dietary rules and regimens in patients of Chronic kidney disease (CKD) it can be very effectively managed. Here Trinpanchmool, Punarnava, Gokshur used in Basti. Basti plays a vital role here in CKD, it helps in expelling out the uremic toxins which originates in gut thereby improving the quality of life and reducing the sign and symptoms of dis-ease.
MANAGEMENT OF HYPOTHYROIDISM THROUGH AYURVEDA: A CASE REPORT
Authors: Bose Nabaruna
Published: March 2021

Ayurveda the science of life has a solution to almost all the health-related issues. Thyroid disorders are on the rise across the world. Ayurveda is an ancient Indian system of medicine which uses herbal and herbo-mineral medicines to treat diseases. Luxury lifestyle gives pleasure but due to modernization and impact of western culture, the dietary habits and lifestyle of individuals have changed a lot leading to various types of lifestyle disorders like hypertension, diabetes mellitus, thyroid disorders etc. Hypothyroidism refers to deficiency of thyroid hormone caused due to various reasons. Hypothyroidism is one the most common endocrine disorder seen in daily life. There is no direct correlation of hypothyroidism in the classics but according to Charaka Samhita it can be categorised in Anukta Vyadhi. Vata and Kapha Dosha are mainly involved in this Vyadhi. A 27-year-old female patient came to OPD of Government Ayurvedic College and Hospital, Guwahati presenting with complaints of weakness, hair fall, dry skin, constipation and irregular menstruation from the past 1 year. After 3 months of Ayurvedic treatment patient got relief in almost all the symptoms and the TSH level reduced from 17.99 IU/ml to 4.07 IU/ml.
AHARA SAMPAT - THE EXCELLENCE OF DIET
Authors: Rajput Sapna , Shetty M. R. Sajjan , B. H. Katti , Shaha Lohit
Published: March 2021

The wellness of human beings is sustained by three factors Ahara, Nidra and Brahmacharya. Ahara plays an important role in maintaining health. As per Ayurveda Ahara is best preventive medicine and is solely responsible for health and illness. Regular dietary contents affect fundamentals of body having association with strength. Many factors are responsible to increase the Bala, in that Ahara Sampat is most important. Ahara Parinamkara Bhavas transform food from a complex form to a digestible and absorbable. Asta Aharavidhi Visheshayatana, there are 8 specific factors of methods of dietary rules. The rules to be fol-lowed during consumption of food which increases the quality of food for absorption has been explained in our classics as Vidhi Vidhan. Acharya Sushruta had explained under the 12 folds of consumption of food called as Dwadasha Asana Vidhi or Pravicharana. Hemadri has explained about seven types diet plan to be avoided. Complexion, cheerfulness, good voice, life, imagination, happiness, strength intellect etc. all these depends on food only. The application of Ahara and Ahara Vidhi Vidhan is effective to main-tain of health and even in curative aspect of many Vyadhis.
A REVIEW ON CHAKSHUSHYA VARGA & ANJANA AS COSMECEUTICALS
Authors: S Rajitha , Bhat Swapna
Published: March 2021

Cosmeceuticals is a cosmetic product with bio active ingredient proposed to have medical or drug like ben-efits. Cosmeceuticals are safe for long term use and promotes beauty, health and wellness with natural in-gredients. We get lots of reference about cosmeceuticals mentioned in Ayurveda in the form of Rasayana, Varnya, Vrana ropana, Twachya, Sophahara, Keshya and Chakshushya. Changing lifestyles is invariably cause metabolic change that influence the functioning of eye are termed as Achakshushya in Ayurveda and leads to dry eyes, myopia, cataract, diabetic retinopathy etc like disorders. In alternative medicines there is no permanent cure or remedy for above disorders. Chakshushya drugs especially capable of acting in oph-thalmic tissues to bring the Doshas back to their normal path. Chakradutta explained Chakshushya Varga which contain drugs like Triphala, Gogrita, Yava, Madhu, Satavari, Mudga etc. and Padabhyanga like daily regimen too. By this we can understand that to have better healthy life and vision Swasthavritta Charya and intake of Chakshushya drugs are inevitable.
EXISTING EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT USED FOR VISARPA DISEASE
Authors: Manchak Kendre , Sulakshana Jaybhaye
Published: March 2021

Emergency management in Visarpa is most challenging. The aim of this study is to review the existing Crit-ical care for Visarpa from basic Ayurveda classics as well as online. In this review article, after evaluation of emergency care from brihatrayai as well as laghutrai and available relevant 21 articles regarding Visarpa chikitsa, we discussed the need of development of Ayurveda diagnostic as well as intensive care units in present era. It is found that emergency treatment is not available to the satisfaction in Ayurveda literature. Therefore, possible strategy regarding emergency care research for this critical disease is provid-ed which is useful for Ayurveda researchers.
CHATURMAS UPAVAS (FASTING) – A SCIENTIFIC REVIEW
Authors: Sulakshana Jaybhaye , Swapna Zerikunthe , Manchak Kendre
Published: March 2021

Chaturmas Upvas is as old as human being. Maharshi Vyas transcribed first time regarding various rituals. Chaturmas means four months. It is a holy period from July to October. Upvas is withdrawal of senses from materialistic world as well as going back from misconduct and living quality life at all level. It is prac-ticed for spiritual upgrading as well as to worship the God. It is ‘willful refrainment from eating all or some kind of food or drink or total abstinence from all kinds of food for definite period of time’ but it is much more than simply not eating, it is for overall well-being and to acquire divine grace. It contributes in purifi-cation of body as well as mind and improves overall health which is mainstay of Dharma, Artha, Kama and Moksha for which human is supposed to borne. In this article, Chaturmas Upvas and its contribution in physical, spiritual and mental health is reviewed scientifically.
AN AYURVEDIC APPROACH TO FIGHT AGAINST CORONA VIRUS
Authors: Ganguly Priyanka , V. Subhose , Mishra Shivanshu
Published: March 2021

The Global Health Scenario has been changed at present due to unpredictable outbreak of pandemic novel Corona virus (SARS-Co V- 2) in the community of nation. The coronavirus has already transmitted the disease COVID -19 all over 213 countries and territories around the world. So as a resultant factor, 22,862,661 confirmed corona virus case already detected and among them 797,117 deceased cases noted as of August 21st, 2020. In spite of extensive efforts to resolve the pandemic conditions, transmission as well as their treatment modalities still now could not be established satisfyingly. The exact term Corona vi-rus is not mentioned in Ayurvedic treatise but viruses as well as any micro-organisms and their preventive measures also illustrated in Ayurvedic manuscript in Susrut Samhita Sutra Sthana as Jantu or Nisachara. Even the pandemic situation also described in Charak Samhita, Viman Sthana as the term of “Jana Pada Dhangsha”. The classical medical science Ayurveda, already proven its efficacy over flu like condition as well as viral & respiratory distress in human being is having such of similarity with Agantuja Sannipatika Roga as well as highly contagious disorder, so for the purpose of breaking the chain of Corona virus transmission in human being, Ayurvedic preventive as well as protective measures could be beneficial.
AYURVEDIC MANAGEMENT OF UPAVISHTAKA GARBHA DUE TO PIH AN
INTEGRATED APPROACH - A SINGLE CASE STUDY
Authors: R S Aswathi , Jalihal Sathish
Published: March 2021

At present era it is observed that the incidence of normal pregnancy and delivery has been diminished. In childbirth weight is one of the most important factors affecting neonatal mortality and morbidity. Pregnan-cy induced hypertension is a global complication, approximately 10-17% of pregnancies are affected, and IUGR is one among the complications of PIH. In Ayurveda Samhithas, various Garbhavyapat are de-scribed and one among those are Upavishtaka Garbha. Acharya Charaka stated, as if bleeding per vagina or other types of discharges occur in pregnant woman, then the foetus will not grow properly in the uterus, and Acharyas mentioned many Chikitsas for the same. If IUGR is occurred due to PIH then most of the Chikitsas are to reduce PIH and to increase the weight of the baby. Hence can enlighten the treatment pro-cedures in medical practice. Here is a single case study which reduces the PIH and promote the Foetal weight with Ksheerabasti with Gokshura and Yashtimadhu. Here both the drugs are having Vasodilatation property which reduces the hypertension in pregnant lady and increases the foetal blood flow. Ksheera is having Balya property which in turns the foetal growth, which gave significant action in the PIH and IUGR.
MAHA PANCHAGAVYA GHRITA IN APASMARA (EPILEPSY) – A KETOSIS
PERSPECTIVE
Authors: K S Usha , Singh Gurdip
Published: March 2021

Epileptic seizures are caused due to imbalance in the excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters. Serum electrolytes like sodium, potassium and calcium play a key role in maintaining the epileptic threshold. In the quest of effective treatment in epilepsy ketogenic diet has been promising. It is found to increase the inhibitory Gamma amino butyric acid and thus increase the epileptic threshold. In this context Maha Panvhagavya Ghrita recommended in the treatment of Apasmara seems to be the drug of choice.
Las retribuciones complementarias del personal de las Fuerzas Armadas
Authors: Moreno Márquez Ana Mª
Published: March 2021

A pesar de que el sistema retributivo del personal de las Fuerzas Armadas es el previsto para los funcionarios civiles de la Administración General del Estado, con determinadas adaptaciones, lo cierto es que existen claras diferencias en el tratamiento de ambos colectivos en esta materia, en particular, con respecto a los complementos retributivos. En el presente trabajo se analizan de forma detallada estos complementos, en qué términos se han producido esas adaptaciones y, sobre todo, los problemas que se han venido planteando en la práctica, junto a las consecuencias derivadas de los mismos y las posibles soluciones; unos problemas que van más allá de su cuantía, y que, a pesar del interés que han venido suscitando para el colectivo, han sido escasamente estudiados.
INFORME: El nuevo régimen de las Cámaras Oficiales de Comercio, Industria, Servicios y Navegación de Andalucía
Authors: Núñez Lozano María del Carmen
Published: March 2021

SUMARIO:

I. INTRODUCCIÓNII. NATURALEZA, DERECHO APLICABLE Y FUNCIONESIII. ÁMBITO TERRITORIAL, CREACIÓN DE NUEVAS CÁMARAS Y DELEGACIONES TERRITORIALESIV. LA ADSCRIPCIÓN A LAS CÁMARAS. ORGANIZACIÓN Y RÉGIMEN JURÍDICO DEL PERSONALV. EL REGLAMENTO DE RÉGIMEN INTERIOR, EL CÓDIGO DEBUENAS PRÁCTICAS Y LA MEMORIA ANUALVI. RÉGIMEN JURÍDICO VII. EL CONSEJO ANDALUZ DE CÁMARAS OFICIALES DE COMERCIO, INDUSTRIA, SERVICIOS Y NAVEGACIÓN
I can’t say I wasn’t anticipating it, but I didn’t see it coming in this magnitude: A Qualitative Fieldwork Experience in the North West Region of Cameroon
Authors: Bamu Beryl , De Schauwer Elisabeth , Van Hove Geert
Published: March 2021

This article draws explicitly on the fieldwork challenging experiences of an ongoing PhD study which seeks to explore the role of the community in the inclusion of people with disabilities in the Northwest Region of Cameroon. It is apparent that every qualitative researcher undertaking fieldwork anticipate being confronted with challenges and difficulties in the process. Nevertheless, in spite of the anticipation of these challenges and complexity that exist in the field, as well as prior preparation, fieldwork can still be a very intense and challenging experience. This is because many unanticipated encounters arise during fieldwork, which the researchers did not see coming. Whilst acknowledging that fieldwork in qualitative research can be challenging and complex, the unanticipated and underestimated magnitude and intensity of the challenges that occurred in undertaking qualitative fieldwork in the Northwest Region of Cameroon is the interest of this paper.
WHAT HAS CHANGED IN THE WORLD REGIONAL GEOGRAPHY TEACHING IN TURKEY: A SYLLABUS-BASED ASSESSMENT
Authors: Şahin Vedat
Published: March 2021

During the Republican period in Turkey, various arrangements were made regarding the world regional geography syllabi. In this context, with the curriculum of 2005, which forms the overall structure of the geography curriculum in today's secondary education, the understanding of world regional geography has greatly changed. This study is descriptive as well as qualitative data model and document analysis in terms of data gathering techniques. The main objective of the study is to explain the historical development process of countries' geography teaching in the secondary education in Turkey and to set forth the current state of the countries' geography teaching. The study revealed that the current teaching of countries' geography in secondary education has been renewed. In this context, it is revealed that the manner with which the topics related to countries' geography were delivered was aiming to analyse the geographic information, and to achieve progress in an innovative sense.

 Article visualizations:
MAHMUDKHOUJA BEHBUDIY FOUNDER OF THE PRESS
Authors: Avazov Normurod
Published: March 2021

Беҳбудий ХХ аср бошларида Туркистон ўлкасида жадиларнинг тўнғич матбуотлари пайдо бўлди.Беҳбудий миллий матбуотни яратишни мақсад қилиб қўйди. У ўзининг олдига газета ва журнал чиқаришни биринчи вазифалардан деб билди. 

Тадқиқотчи Беҳбудийнинг айни пайтда бирон газета ёки журнал чиқариши мушкул масала эди. Шунга қарамасдан Махмудхўжа Беҳбудий газета ташкил қилиш учун жиддий ҳаракат бошлайди. Туркистон ўлкасида миллатнинг ҳимоячиси сифатида майдонга чиқди.

Беҳбудий ташкил этган “Самарқанд” газетаси ва “Ойина” журнали биринчидан, маданий соҳада ислоҳат ўтказиш учун кураш олиб борган бўлса, иккинчидан эл орасида ҳуррият томон боришга фикр уйғотди. Бугунги кунда уларни таҳлил ва тадқиқ этиш энг долзарб масалалардан саналади.
ROLE OF FOREIGNERS ELECTRONIC DATABASES IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF MODERN LIBRARY
Authors:   National Library Of Uzbekistan, Khamdamova Gavkhar
Published: March 2021

The article discusses the position of modern libraries in the world. How the environment in which functioning of libraries has changed radically. The question of what the library should become and whether it should continue to exist in general remains open to this day. The author of the article analyzes how modern information technologies determine the strategy and tactics of library development. The author acknowledges that today for traditional libraries, gaining access to electronic resources significantly changes the approache to information work in general. This emphasizes that it allows readers to access information without having to resort to printed originals and often relieves users of the need to physically visit libraries.
ANALYSIS OF THE CONDITION AND DEVELOPMENT PROBLEMS AND IMPLEMENTATION OF ELECTRONIC SYSTEM ARCHIVES
Authors:   Agency ", Aliyev Anvar ,   Uzarchive",   Republic of Uzbekistan
Published: March 2021

This article discusses the main issues of the creation and development of electronic archives aimed at solving the problems of acquisition, accounting, storage and use of archival documents. In this article, the author focuses on the work done during the years of independence in Uzbekistan on the organization of electronic archives, problems and future plans. As a result of his research, the author reflected his scientific approach by studying foreign experience. The important normative and legal documents available for the introduction of electronic archives in Uzbekistan during the years of independence and adopted in this regard for the next year are analyzed. While studying the issue of creating electronic archives, the author took into account the existing material and technical and personnel capabilities of the archives. It is said that the organization of electronic archives creates modern opportunities for the collection, accounting, storage and use of archival documents
LOS MODELOS DE DEMOCRACIA PARTICIPATIVA EN EL CONSTITUCIONALISMO ANDINO: LOS CASOS DE VENEZUELA Y BOLIVIA
Authors: NOGUERA FERNÁNDEZ ALBERT
Published: March 2021

La Constituciones aprobadas durante las últimas dos décadas en
la zona andina de América Latina han creado una forma constitucional propia, con
elementos diferentes al constitucionalismo tradicional. Uno de estos elementos es
la superación del modelo de democracia liberal representativa y la introducción
de nuevos modelos de democracia participativa. Sin embargo, ¿podemos hablar
de un único modelo homogéneo de democracia participativa dentro del constitucionalismo
andino del siglo xxi? Este artículo defiende que no, señalando las causas
que han dado lugar al surgimiento en estos países, en especial Venezuela y
Bolivia, de distintos modelos de democracia participativa y cuáles son las diferencias
entre tales modelos.

Azken hamarkada bietan Latinoamerikako Andeen aldean onartutako
konstituzioek forma konstituzional propioa sortu dute, konstituzionalismo
tradizionaletik bereizten diren elementuak dauzkana. Elementu horietako bat demokrazia
liberal ordezkatzailearen eredua gainditzea eta demokrazia parte-hartzailearen
eredu berriak sartzea da. Demokrazia parte-hartzailearen eredu homogeneo
bakarrari buruz hitz egin dezakegu, ordea, xxi. mendeko Andeetako konstituzionalismoaren
barruan? Ezetz defendatzen du artikulu honek, eta herrialde horietan,
bereziki Venezuelan eta Bolivian, demokrazia parte-hartzailearen zenbait eredu sorrarazi
dituzten zioak eta eredu horien arteko aldeak aipatzen ditu.

The Constitutions approved during the last two decades in the
Andean zone of Latin America have created a constitutional form of their own,
with elements different from traditional constitutionalism. One of these elements
is the overcoming of the model of representative liberal democracy and the
introduction of new models of participatory democracy. However, can we speak
of a single homogeneous model of participatory democracy within the Andean
constitutionalism of the 21st century? This article argues that no, pointing out the
causes that have led to the emergence in these countries, especially Venezuela
and Bolivia, of different models of participatory democracy and what are the
differences between such models.
LA (DES)PROTECCIÓN DE LA PROPIEDAD INTELECTUAL DE LAS OBRAS DEL PODER PÚBLICO
Authors: UREÑA SALCEDO JUAN ANTONIO
Published: March 2021

Comienza este trabajo con un análisis sobre la desprotección por
las normas de propiedad intelectual de las obras vinculadas al ejercicio del poder
público (ya sea el Legislativo, el Ejecutivo o el Judicial). Esta desprotección liga
perfectamente con la transparencia pública, que tiene que acabar imponiéndose
en el s. xxi. Algunas leyes de acceso a la información pública y de reutilización de
la misma, sin embargo, apuntan que la existencia de derechos de propiedad intelectual
puede constituir un límite tanto para el acceso como para la reutilización.
En este estudio se aportan argumentos en contra de esta solución legal. Aquí se
sostiene y se fundamenta, además, que la titularidad de los derechos de propiedad
intelectual corresponde a la Administración para la que se trabaja (lo que debería
facilitar dicho acceso por terceros).

Lan honen hasieran, jabetza intelektualaren arauek botere publikoaren
erabilerari (izan botere legegilea, betearazlea nahiz judiziala) lotutako obrei
ematen dioten babesgabetasuna aztertzen da. Babesgabetasun hori xxi. mendean
azkenean ezarri behar den gardentasun publikoari ezin hobeto lotuta dago. Informazio
publikoa eskuratzeari eta hura berrerabiltzeari buruzko lege batzuen arabera,
ordea, jabetza intelektualaren eskubideak egotea muga bat izan daiteke bai
hura eskuratzeko bai berrerabiltzeko. Azterlan honetan lege-irtenbide horren aurkako
argudioak ematen dira. Bestalde, jabetza intelektualaren eskubideen titulartasuna
lan egiten den administrazioari dagokiola defendatzen eta argudiatzen da
hemen (hirugarrenen sarbide hori erraztu behar luke horrek).

This work begins with an analysis about the vulnerability provoked
by the intellectual property rules regarding works linked to the exercise of public
power (either the legislative, the executive or the judiciary). This vulnerability
connects perfectly with public transparency, which eventually has to be imposed
in the xxi century. Nevertheless, some Acts on access to public information and
its re-use indicate that the existence of intellectual property rights can be a limit
both for the access and re-use. This study provides arguments against this legal
solution. It is argued and justified, besides, that the ownership of intellectual
property rights belongs to the Administration to whom someone works (which
should facilitate that access by third parties).
APLICABILIDAD DE LA NORMATIVA SOBRE PROTECCIÓN DE DATOS DE CARÁCTER PERSONAL EN EL ÁMBITO DE LA FUNCIÓN ESTADÍSTICA PÚBLICA
Authors: DE LA FUENTE MIGUÉLEZ ALBERTO
Published: March 2021

La función estadística pública consiste fundamentalmente en el
tratamiento de ciertos datos recopilados por varios servicios públicos especializados
¿habitualmente dependientes de diferentes Administraciones Públicas¿ y
destinados a la producción de información que ha de ser publicada, en cuanto que
dirigida a la comunidad en su conjunto. Aquellos datos pueden estar referidos a
personas físicas y por ello en esta materia muy bien podría producirse parcialmente
una aplicación de la Ley Orgánica 15/1999, de 13 de diciembre, de Protección
de Datos Personales, que ésta, sin embargo, parece excluir directamente. El
objetivo final de este artículo es analizar si la citada Ley Orgánica debe o no ser
aplicada en ámbito de la actuación de los servicios estadísticos públicos.

Estatistika-funtzio publikoaren bidez, funtsean, komunitate osoarentzat
den heinean argitaratu behar den informazioa produzitzeko zenbait zerbitzu
publiko espezializatuk ¿zenbait administrazioren mendeko izan ohi dira¿ bildutako
datu batzuk tratatzen dira. Datu horiek pertsona fisikoei buruzkoak izan daitezke
eta, horregatik, arlo horretan partzialki aplika liteke abenduaren 13ko 15/1999
Lege Organikoa, Izaera Pertsonaleko Datuak Babesteari buruzkoa, baina badirudi
zuzenean baztertzen duela hura. Artikulu honen azken helburua Lege Organiko
hori estatistika-zerbitzu publikoen jardueraren eremuan aplikatu behar denetz aztertzea
da.

Public statistical function primarily consists in the treatment of
certain data which are collected by several specialized public services ¿usually
connected with different Administrations¿ and destined to the production
of information to be published, as addressed to the Community as a whole.
Such data may be referred to individuals and therefore, in this area very well
could occur a partial application of Organic Law 15/1999, December 13th, on
the Protection of Personal Data; that application, however, seems to be directly
excluded by this Law. The ultimate goal of this article is to analyze whether the
aforementioned Organic Law should or should not be applied in the ambit of
actuation of the public statistical services.
BRAZILIAN PORT SYSTEM
Authors: Souza Camilla Bruna Dias , Azevedo Filho Edson Terra , Hora Henrique Rego Monteiro da
Published: March 2021

The Brazilian port system assumes importance in trade with other countries. Brazil has an extensive coastline, generating advantages in this segment. In the world, this sector grows strongly through large investments, especially in Asian countries, generating great increase in its efficiencies. In this process, the public policies that govern the waterway market have relevance in interfering in regulating these interactions between those involved. This article aims to demonstrate over time the public policies of Brazil that act in ports and terminals. Additionally, this article aims to demonstrate the productive performance in tons of this sector in Brazil between 2010 and 2020.
A New System for Fake Profile Recognition in Social Networks
Authors:   School of Arts and Science, Vinayaka Mission’s Research Foundation, Chennai, India., Vijaya Kumar A
Published: March 2021

The billions of users all over the world are spending online social network, such as Twitter, Facebook, Tumbler and LinkedIn. The flaws in this social media may indications to abuse user’s information and execute an attack of identity cloning. In this work mainly focuses, a new method for hiding data to hide precise details in profile pictures to learn botnets and fake profiles. In this paper, presents an ordering and investigation of recognition mechanisms of genetic copy attacks on online network of social, purely established on attribute likeness, friend network likeness, and profile inquiry for a time interval and record of Internet Protocol sequences. This work, proposals an algorithm for transform discrete wavelet for hiding the data. So, the system can prevent the replica attacks and offer the whole user data privacy protective. Similarly, when users upload the profile image or photos it would be first watermarked and then updated. Java static watermarking systems and algorithms is been used for watermarking procedure. Here tracking any fake users updating the same profile picture given easier and tracking their IP address also became easier. Also, our system raises certain features which can be investigated to the users through process of registration. Thus, providing secure authentication. Hence avoiding clone attacks in social media became easier.
Optimum AP Estimation Location for the communication of different mmWave bands
Authors:   Department of Computer Engineering Techniques, Electrical Engineering Technical College, Baghdad, Iraq., Abdulwahid Maan M , Mohammed Wasel Noraldeen B ,   Department of Computer Techniques Engineering, Al-esraa University College, Baghdad, Iraq.
Published: March 2021

Millimeter wave (mmWave) has been known to be the most promising technology for the future of wireless communication. It uses directional antenna for both transmitters and receivers to minimize its higher attenuation characteristics. Different localization approaches take the advantages of these directionality features in mmWave frequencies for different indoor environment. As a result, understanding the best position for AP's implementation has a huge effect on enhancing certain areas of network activity, maintenance, and coverage. In addition, establish the behavioral features of the wireless network. For localization purposes, the most used method was based on calculations of obtained signal intensity (RSS), which is commonly used in the wireless network. As well as it can be easily accessed from different operating systems. In this paper, we proposed an optimal AP localization algorithm based on RSS measurement obtained from different received points and by using mmWave bands of 28 and 39 GHz. This algorithm works as a complementary to the results obtained from 3D Ray tracing model based wireless InSite software. Four AP locations per each selected mmWave band have been included for algorithm investigation. Results obtained illustrate utility in selecting the appropriate position for the implementation of AP and based on the estimation of various parameters by the algorithm presented. The effects of different building materials and frequency sensitivity materials on signal propagation have been considered with specifying the optimum location for deploying AP. In addition, in this article, a channel characterized based on path losses was obtained for each AP position in each mmWave band as a validation of the algorithm's selection of the optimum location.
Design and Implementation of Water Level Tank Model by using SCADA System
Authors:   Department of Computer Engineering Techniques, Electrical Engineering Technical College, Baghdad, Iraq., Abdulwahid Maan M. , Mohammed Wasel Noraldeen B.
Published: March 2021

Recently, SCADA system has been widely deployed in several stations and performing different purposes by connecting it with different hardware components and terminals. As a result, in this paper, it has been designed and proposed a model for water tank level-based detection for the scenarios of station that contains several tanks. The proposed model has shown a significant in performance and enhance the response of the tank management with both cases of tank filling and discharging.
Implementation method for Wireless Signal Transfer Using Wincc and Smart Server in SCADA system
Authors:   Department of Computer Techniques Engineering, Al-esraa University College, Baghdad, Iraq, Mohammed Wasel Noraldeen B. , Abdulwahid Maan M.
Published: March 2021

The Utilization of SCADA with PLC system has gained wide interest by several researchers. Currently, in the field of workstation and factories, which require performing the remote access connection or in the situation that regular access cannot be performed. The aim of such accessing is to perform data transfer between different equipment and stations. As a result, this paper presents and demonstrate the methodologies for handling the wireless based signal transfer for SCADA based application. Such configuration would be carried out based on the use of Wincc software and by using and creating a smart server for handling the issue of connecting HMI screen with SCADA component. The steps for performing the basic configuration has been clarified in detail in this work.
A CONSTRUÇÃO DA EMANCIPAÇÃO HUMANA NOS TERRITÓRIOS DA REFORMA AGRÁRIA: O CASO DO CONGLOMERADO COOPERATIVO DA PRODUÇÃO ECOLÓGICA DE ARROZ NOS ASSENTAMENTOS DA REGIÃO METROPOLITANA DE PORTO ALEGRE/Building Human Emancipation in Agrarian Reform Territories..
Authors: Martins Adalberto Floriano Greco
Published: March 2021

Baseada na produção agroecológica e sustentada numa  profunda rede de cooperação e ajuda mútua, as famílias assentadas na região metropolitana desenvolvem práticas sociais que indicam possibilidades da edificação de territórios com base em relações simétricas de poder. Construídas nas práticas cotidianas, ensaiando a organização do trabalho emancipado,  erguem-se valores éticos que vinculam estas famílias assentadas ao gênero humano, obtendo reconhecimento da sociedade. O presente artigo busca indicar algumas destas potencialidades a luz do conceito de trabalho humano como fundamento da constituição do ser social.
PENGARUH PENDIDIKAN PONDOK PESANTREN TERHADAP AKHLAK PESERTA DIDIK DI TASIKMALAYA
Authors: Rosmiati Santi , Suhrowardi Suhrowardi , Hasani Syarief
Published: March 2021

This study aims to determine the effect of boarding schooleducation on morals students of class XII Madrasah Aliyah Negeri 3Tasikmalaya. Based on the results of data processing obtained theEffect of boarding school education is quite. It is based on the results ofresearch conducted to 34 respondents using a questionnaire, That is theinfluence of a high between of boarding school education on moralslearners in the school. Through hypothesis testing it is stated that thereis positive influence between two variables is accepted. Past resultscalculate the coefficient of determination is known that there isinfluence by 38%, rest influenced by other factors, which amounted to62%. Thus, it turns out that there are many factors that influence themorality of students.
PROTEKSI MINAT DAN BAKAT PESERTA DIDIK SELAMA PANDEMI COVID-19 DI MADRASAH ALIYAH MUHAMMADIYAH 1 MEDAN
Authors: Idris Saparripin , Maulidiya Anggie , Evina Evina , Mainnah Nurmuth
Published: March 2021

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalis tentang Proteksi Minat dan bakat peserta didik selama pandemi Covid-19 di Madrasah Aliyah Muhammadiyah I Medan. Metode yang dipakai kualitatif dengan model studi deskriptif. Penelitian ini mengetahui bagaimana cara melindungi dan mengembangkan minat dan bakat siswa walaupun tidak secara langsung seperti biasanya. Adapun hambatan dalam pengembangan minat dan bakat siswa di Madrasah Aliyah Muhammadiyah I Medan, adapun beberapa hambatannya: 1) Keterbatasan waktu, tempat yang tidak seperti biasanya berlangsung. 2) Kurangnya interaksi langsung antara pendidik dan siswa di karenakan pandemi COVID-19. Beberapa inovasi yang dilakukan dapat dioptimalkan minat dan bakat siswa ialah: 1) Berlangsungnya interaksi melalui antara pendidik dan siswa dengan multimedia. 2) Kerjasama antara orang tua dengan guru.