bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Synthesizing Theories of Authoritarian Elections: A Game-Free Analysis
Authors: Leventoğlu Bahar , Malesky Edmund J. , Wen Tusi (Ündes)
Published: November 2024

Authoritarian regimes adopt ostensibly democratic institutions for undemocratic purposes. Existing research emphasizes five different functions of elections under authoritarianism, driven by idiosyncratic assumptions about the type of dictator and the structure of information. In this paper, we connect the different functions through a three-actor “game-free” model where all aspects of the regime are determined endogenously, assuming only that elections can reveal new information. Signaling, information acquisition, power-sharing, cooptation, and peaceful exit all emerge as special cases in our model. The framework also integrates the two goals of authoritarian power-sharing with other elites and authoritarian control of citizens. We illustrate the model with examples of elections and non-elections in Brunei, Singapore, USSR, Romania, Mexico, and Benin.
Normative or Confirmative: Effects of Information Quality and Redundancy in Decision Support Systems
Authors: Ben Yaakov Yoav , Denisova Maja , Mulugeta Filmona , Meyer Joachim
Published: November 2024

Objective

The study investigates users’ tendency to access decision support (DS) systems as a function of the correlation between the DS information and the information users already have, the ongoing interaction with such systems, and the effect of correlated information on subjective trust.

Background

Previous research has shown inconclusive findings regarding whether people prefer information that correlates with information they already have. Some studies conclude that individuals recognize the value of noncorrelated information, given its unique content, while others suggest that users favor correlated information as it aligns with existing evidence. The impact of the level of correlation on performance, subjective trust, and the decision to use DS remains unclear.

Method

In an experiment ( N = 481), participants made classification decisions based on available information. They could also purchase additional DS with different degrees of correlation with the available information.

Results

Participants tended to purchase information more often when the DS was not correlated with the available information. Correlated information reduced performance, and the effect of correlation on subjective trust and performance depended on DS sensitivity.

Conclusion

Additional information may not improve performance when it is correlated with available information (i.e., it is redundant). Hence, the benefits of additional information and DS depend on the information the system and the operator use.

Application

It is essential to analyze the correlations between information sources and design the available information to allow optimal task performance and possibly minimize redundancy (e.g., by locating sensors in different positions to capture independent data).
Development of a lab-based In situ XCT oven for vacuum-bag processing of prepreg laminates
Authors: Galvez-Hernandez Pedro , Nazemi Ehsan , Radhakrishnan Arjun , Alvarez-Borges Fernando , Mavrogordato Mark , Sinclair Ian , Kratz James
Published: November 2024

Real-time 3D microstructure changes in prepreg laminates during curing was observed using widely available X-ray Computed Tomography (XCT) hardware at high temporal resolution (2 min) and spatial resolution (25 µm voxel size). The methodology was demonstrated in a cylindrical convection oven with an internal diameter of 100 mm, a heating rate of 2°C/min, a maximum operating temperature of 135°C, and an integrated vacuum line. The technique was applied to three representative carbon fibre reinforced epoxy prepreg samples having flat, tapered and corner geometries. The increasingly complex geometries lead to higher void mobility and thickness changes that were captured in 40-50 mm size samples. Image processing of the XCT data was enhanced by the use of deep learning semantic segmentation for feature extraction. Uninterrupted microstructure evolution was visualised in larger samples and more realistic processing conditions than previous lab-based In Situ XCT studies.
Book review: Lata Singh and Shashank Shekhar Sinha (Eds.), Gender in Modern India: History, Culture, Marginality
Authors: Arya Sadhna
Published: November 2024

Lata Singh and Shashank Shekhar Sinha (Eds.), Gender in Modern India: History, Culture, Marginality, Oxford University Press, 2024, 364 pp., ₹1341, ISBN: 9780198900788 (Hardcover).
Research on stability of modular multi-legged robots with non-isomorphic configurations
Authors: Liu Junsen , Liu Jinguo , Xue Zhihui , Wu Yanming
Published: November 2024

Modular robots can be reconfigured and deformed into multiple non-isomorphic configurations. Different configurations of robots exhibit diverse motion and stability characteristics. Therefore, the stability of robots with different configurations is essential to improve their motion control robustness and expand their application range. In this article, a new reconfigurable modular multi-legged robot is designed. To analyze the stability of the various typical non-isomorphic configurations of modular robots, a hybrid discrimination method combining the static stability margin-force angle stability margin-stability cone is proposed. By conducting simulation experiments on the static minimum tilt angle of robots in tilt, pitched, and yawed terrains, as well as their combinations, and evaluating the performance index of tipping in the presence of external force interference, the effectiveness of the proposed method can be proved. Furthermore, the movement experiments of the robot in irregular terrain under the quadruped configuration and hexapod configuration were carried out, it is proven that the robot under different configurations can maintain the stability of the structure.
Time-varying formation consensus for fractional-order multi-agent systems based on sliding mode control
Authors: Cai Yangyang , Li Sulan , Chang Jiaming , Zhu Yunru
Published: November 2024

This article addresses the problem of time-varying formation control when the fractional derivatives of the expected formation are different from the fractional multi-agent system. To achieve the infinite convergence of the relative position among agents, the synthetic error of the agent is introduced. Then according to the sliding mode control theory, the sliding mode function is designed based on the defined error. The time-varying formation control problem converts into the asymptotic stability problem of the system. Sufficient conditions for fractional-order multi-agent systems are derived by employing the Lyapunov stability theory, matrix theory, graph theory, and property of fractional-order systems. Finally, two numerical simulations are presented to validate the theoretical analysis.
Single degree of freedom control based on deep reinforcement learning for underwater unmanned vehicle
Authors: Li Nan , Zhao Changming , Shi Yan
Published: November 2024

This paper proposes a two-stage controller based on deep reinforcement learning for an unmanned underwater vehicle under conditions of parameter uncertainty and external measurement noise. The feedback linearization technique is first applied to linearize the dynamic model, and then this is used to design the control law, the integral term is added to expand the control law into a Proportional Integral Derivative (PID) control method, which is used as the first stage controller. The second stage controller is to realize parameter regulation, the Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient (DDPG) algorithm is used to train the agent in response to the controller’s need to adjust gain parameters in real time to cope with external interference. Moreover, in order to minimize unnecessary exploration at the beginning of the training process, the previous excellent manual experience is combined with the training process. Compared to the original DDPG algorithm, this algorithm exhibits a faster convergence rate. To verify the performance of Feedback Linearized DDPG PID Control (FLDDPGPIDC), three advanced methods were compared with the method. Results indicate that tracking performance is significantly improved in the presence of external measurement noise and dynamic parameter perturbations.
Sub-ulcer foam sclerotherapy in patients with venous ulceration: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Pihlaja Toni , Ohtonen Pasi , Romsi Pekka , Pokela Matti
Published: November 2024

Purpose

This trial analyzed the effect of sub-ulcer foam sclerotherapy in patients with venous leg ulcer (VLU).

Design

Randomized controlled trial.

Methods

This trial recruited patients with VLUs to receive either sub-ulcer foam sclerotherapy and compression therapy (study group) or compression therapy only (control group). The primary outcome of this study was the change in the venous ulcer area at 4 weeks. The feasibility, safety, and complications of the sub-ulcer foam sclerotherapy were recorded.

Results

Of 23 patients included, 12 were randomized to study group and 11 to control group. Preoperatively, the average ulcer areas were 5.8 cm2 in both groups. At 4 weeks, the average reductions in ulcer areas were 4.0 cm2 (SD 3.1) in the study group (95% CI 2.0 to 5.9, p = .001) and 2.0 cm2 (SD 3.1) in the control group (95% CI: −0.1 to 4.1, p = .051). No differences in complications were recorded.

Conclusions

At 1-month sub-ulcer foam sclerotherapy and compression therapy reduced the ulcer area statistically significantly, whereas compression therapy alone did not. Sub-ulcer foam sclerotherapy could be a good addition to superficial venous insufficiency treatment in patients with VLU. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT03795064.
Marketing Educators and Artificial Intelligence: A Perspective on Productivity and Innovation
Authors: Rogers Pamela P. , Allen Charlotte , Busby Antoine
Published: November 2024

Artificial intelligence (AI) is revolutionizing and transforming industries around the globe. Through the exploration of various AI applications in teaching, research, and administrative tasks, this article illuminates both the potential and limitations of AI for enhancing faculty productivity while improving their effectiveness and innovation in the teaching and research arenas. We use the technology acceptance model (TAM) as a framework to organize our discussion concerning the adoption of AI by marketing faculty. Moreover, this article addresses ethical implications surrounding AI utilization, emphasizing the importance of understanding and navigating issues of bias, intellectual property, and privacy. Through a comprehensive examination, this article concludes with a balanced perspective on the many opportunities and challenges presented to marketing educators by AI. We aim to advocate a rational approach for harnessing its benefits while acknowledging its limitations.
Percutaneous radiofrequency ablation of hepatocellular carcinomas abutting the right posterior diaphragm: factors associated with tumor recurrence and overall survival
Authors: Lee Ji Soo , Ahn Soo Hyun , Lee Min Woo , Han Seungchul , Min Ji Hye , Cha Dong Ik , Song Kyoung Doo , Kang Tae Wook , Rhim Hyunchul
Published: November 2024

Background

Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) of subphrenic hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs) using ultrasound (US) guidance presents a challenge.

Purpose

To evaluate local tumor progression (LTP) and overall survival (OS) after RFA of right posterior subphrenic HCCs, and to identify the risk factors for LTP and OS after RFA.

Material and Methods

We screened patients who underwent US-guided RFA for a single HCC <3 cm in the right posterior subphrenic area. Cumulative rates of LTP and OS were compared between multiple- and single-electrode treatments and artificial pleural effusion versus no-effusion groups using Kaplan–Meier curves and the log-rank test. The risk factors for LTP and OS were assessed.

Results

A total of 36 patients were included. The cumulative 5-year and 10-year LTP rates were 32.9% and 39.6%, respectively, and the corresponding OS rates were 72.2% and 48.7%, respectively. The multiple-electrode group had significantly lower cumulative LTP rates compared to the single-electrode group ( P < 0.001). The group receiving artificial pleural effusion showed a trend towards lower LTP rates than the no-effusion group ( P = 0.076). The albumin-bilirubin (ALBI) grade was the only risk factor for LTP (hazard ratio [HR] = 4.17, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.26–14.55; P = 0.020). A lower albumin level was a risk factor for mortality (HR = 0.24, 95% CI = 0.07–0.79; P = 0.020).

Conclusion

US-guided RFA with multiple electrodes and artificial pleural effusion tends to be linked with lower LTP rates. The ALBI grade and serum albumin level are risk factors for LTP and OS, respectively.
Complexities of complete androgen insensitivity syndrome: insights from a case report and literature review
Authors: Asanidze Elene , Kristesashvili Jenaro , Asanidze Aleksandre , Jibladze Ana , Gaphrindashvili Giorgi , Asanidze Besik , Bhatia Ritika
Published: November 2024

Complete androgen insensitivity syndrome (CAIS) presents significant challenges in the accurate diagnosis and personalized management of individuals with a 46, XY karyotype who exhibit a female phenotype due to complete insensitivity to androgens. This retrospective case report analyzes the clinical data, genetic testing, hormonal profiling, and imaging studies of a patient who was initially misdiagnosed during hernioplasty and later misidentified as having Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser syndrome. The report details the establishment of the correct diagnosis and implementation of a personalized management strategy that postponed gonadectomy until post-puberty. This approach included continuous monitoring and tailored estrogen replacement therapy, which facilitated informed patient decisions and comprehensive feminization while preventing the long-term consequences of estrogen deficiency. Supported by a literature review, this case report emphasizes the necessity of a multidisciplinary approach to managing CAIS, highlighting the importance of heightened awareness, accurate diagnostics, and personalized therapeutic plans to ensure holistic, patient-centered care.
A case of frequent prerenal acute kidney injury attacks: importance of recognizing systemic capillary leak syndrome: a case report
Authors: Miyazawa Reina , Nakamura Hironori , Kumagai Michiko , Anayama Mariko , Makino Yasushi , Nishikawa Marina , Hashimoto Koji , Kamijo Yuji
Published: November 2024

Systemic capillary leak syndrome (SCLS) is a rare and life-threatening disorder. A man in his 60s presented for emergency care because of fatigue, decreased urine output and difficulty in moving his body. On admission, he was conscious, afebrile and had relative hypotension. Blood tests and urinary analysis revealed the following: white blood cell count, 19 500/μl; haematocrit, 64.5%; creatinine, 2.16 mg/dl; albumin, 3.3 g/dl; and 0.2% for fractional excretion of sodium. The patient was diagnosed with prerenal acute kidney injury (AKI) and was treated with intravenous fluid administration of more than 2 l/day. His kidney function gradually recovered after 4 days and creatinine decreased (1.15 mg/dl). However, he developed two more attacks of prerenal AKI during hospitalization, one of which needed intensive care unit management. Specific findings of hypotension, haemoconcentration, and hypoalbuminaemia were observed during all AKI attacks. Finally, he was diagnosed as idiopathic SCLS and was treated with intravenous immunoglobulin. SCLS might remain undiagnosed because of its rarity, but it can rapidly progress and lead to severe complications in absence of treatment. Clinicians need to consider this disease as a differential diagnosis when encountering patients who present with frequent prerenal AKI attacks accompanied by hypotension, haemoconcentration and hypoalbuminaemia.
Scaled Sensitivity of Pavement–Mechanistic-Empirical Transfer Function Coefficients for Flexible and Rigid Pavements
Authors: Singh Rahul Raj , Lali Faizan , Muslim Hamad Bin , Haider Syed Waqar , Dolan Kirk D.
Published: November 2024

The American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO)Ware Pavement–Mechanistic-Empirical (ME) transfer functions need local calibration for reliable performance predictions. It is often not viable to calibrate all coefficients at the same time. Therefore, it is crucial to identify the most sensitive transfer function coefficients. Moreover, the sensitivity also indicates the impact of each coefficient on the performance prediction. Several studies have shown the sensitivity of the Pavement-ME design inputs, but limited research is available on the sensitivity of transfer function coefficients. Typically, the sensitivity is obtained using a normalized sensitivity index (NSI). This paper estimated the sensitivity of the Pavement-ME transfer function coefficients using scaled sensitivity coefficients (SSCs). NSI values are compared with the SSCs. Ten sections, each from flexible and rigid pavements, were used to calculate the NSI values. These are existing pavement sections from the Michigan Department of Transportation (MDOT) pavement management system (PMS) database, designed using the 1993 AASHTO design guide. Results show that SSCs provide a more reliable sensitivity on a range of independent variables rather than a point estimate, unlike NSI. NSI values showed variability among different sections and magnitudes of predicted performance. Calculation of SSCs is a forward problem and does not require any input data. A mathematical model (transfer function) is needed; therefore, SSCs can be calculated on any range of independent variables. It also shows the potential correlation between different coefficients and accuracy in estimation.
Equipping Disciplers (Part 1): A Pedagogical Framework for Equipping the Whole Person
Authors: Botross Peter
Published: November 2024

Part 1 of 2: This series of articles seeks to present a coherent pedagogical framework for equipping disciplers in local congregations. Shortcomings in the equipping ministry may be attributable to churches’ pedagogical paradigms. Part 1 critically navigates through four divergent pedagogical ideologies—scholar academic, social efficiency, learner centered, and social reconstruction—examining their implications for a holistic approach to equipping. The article concludes with practical implications for equipping disciplers in local congregations. This study was conducted within the context of Baptist churches in Victoria, Australia.
Macroeconomic Effects of Fiscal Policy Shocks in Nigeria: A New Proof from Mixed-Frequency Vector Autoregression Approach
Authors: Oyeleke Olusola Joel , Onatunji Olufemi Gbenga
Published: November 2024

The empirical investigation of the macroeconomic consequences of fiscal or monetary policy changes has typically relied on the conventional vector autoregressive framework, which often has temporal aggregation concerns. This present study therefore provides new insights into the macroeconomic effects of fiscal policy in Nigeria. The empirical analysis was implemented using the mixed-frequency vector autoregression technique to overcome the temporal aggregation issue. The results demonstrate that using both fiscal policy indicators is effective in stimulating and stabilizing the Nigerian economy, although their effectiveness may vary depending on the economic conditions of the country. Specifically, the findings suggest that fiscal expansion is a more proactive measure for stimulating economic performance, whereas tax revenue is better suited for mitigating inflationary pressure in Nigeria. This study underscores important policy insights for achieving fiscal sustainability in Nigeria based on these results.
The publicity of EU law and the privatization of EU digital regulation
Authors: Volpato Annalisa
Published: November 2024

The publicity of the law is a fundamental principle of EU law, but recently it has come under discussion in the case law of the Court of Justice of the EU (CJEU). This Editorial reflects on the constitutional foundations of the principle of publicity of the law in EU law, giving account of the recent controversies arisen before the CJEU in relation to soft law and harmonized standards, and of the growing tension between this principle and the rights of private regulators in the field of digital technologies.
The impact of state activism on domestic multinationals: The case of Czechia and Hungary
Authors: Sass Magdolna , Vlčková Jana
Published: November 2024

This study examines how changing state activism has influenced the internationalization of Czech and Hungarian MNEs after the global financial crisis. Identifying four key channels – state ownership, business and regulatory environment, industrial policies, and 'quiet politics' – we note distinctions in state-business relationships and characteristics of multinationals between the two countries. Hungary experiences a surge in state activism, while Czechia faces relative stagnation with occasional setbacks. Over time, the industrial policy and quiet politics channels have become increasingly important. This is reflected in changes among the top Hungarian multinationals, with new entrants and new owners of existing ones, while no significant changes are observed among Czech MNEs. The study introduces the concept of 'defensive internationalization' as a response to an unstable business and political environment, showcasing long-lasting impact on the location of headquarters. The increasing role of industrial policies and new EU programs may enhance the state’s influence on MNEs, yet they also raise concerns about corruption and public fund diversion.
Law school culture and curriculum: Correcting social justice drift
Authors: Newton Libby
Published: November 2024

This article examines the problem of social justice drift among law students. The author discusses institutional measures to reverse this trend and identifies shortcomings of existing policies. Noting that the focus has been trained on expanding social justice-oriented curricular and extracurricular offerings, the author contends that mainstreaming social justice in the core curriculum of professionally accredited law degrees is more likely to prevent the attenuation of social justice commitment among students and better equip the next generation of legal practitioners to pursue careers in social justice. Options for curricular reform to this end are duly considered.
The Perspective of Young Maghrebi People With a Migratory Background and Their Social Agents on Substance Use During the Migration Process: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Lopez-Pedraza Leticia , Fernandez-Alonso Victor , Velarde-Garcia Juan Francisco , González-Hervias Raquel , Garcia-Ines Alcalde María , Galiano-Fernandez Petra , Alvarez-Embarba Beatriz
Published: November 2024

Introduction:

People with a migratory background often face traumatic experiences increasing the risk of mental health problems and substance use. It is important to gain a greater understanding of the perspectives of substance use among North African young people with a migratory background and social agents.

Methodology:

A qualitative phenomenological study was conducted. Purposive sampling methods were used to recruit 14 male participants and 9 social agents. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews and focus groups, and processed by thematic analysis.

Results:

Four themes were identified: beginning of cross-border consumption that worsens at the reception centers; different ways of obtaining and accessing substances; reasons leading to substance use; and mental health care needs during the migration process.

Discussion:

The implementation of individual-centered and culturally adapted psychosocial support programs can significantly contribute to mitigating psychological challenges, preventing substance use, and promoting greater well-being among people with a migratory background.
The “Ideal Man”: How Gender Norms and Expectations Shape South African Men’s Masculinity, Sexual Identities, and Well-Being
Authors: Young Alinda M. , Moji Mpho , Duby Zoe , Tenza Siyanda , Atujuna Millicent , Palanee-Phillips Thesla , Minnis Alexandra M. , Montgomery Elizabeth T.
Published: November 2024

Dominant gender norms among South African males promote ideals of masculinity characterized by control, emotional stoicism, and power, which can impact overall health. This study explores South African men’s perceptions of the “ideal” man, societal expectations, and how sexual identities intersect with masculinity, health-seeking behaviors, and HIV prevention. We conducted 40 interviews with men who have sex with women and men who have sex with men, aged 18–35 years who resided in Johannesburg or Cape Town municipal areas. Participants described their idea of the “ideal man” as a provider, protector, and role model, though these ideals varied across contexts. High family and community expectations created both stress and motivation. Barriers to sexual healthcare included resistance from male-dominated communities and stigma towards non-heteronormative sexual identities, particularly among men who have sex with men. Addressing these challenges requires promoting more inclusive understandings of masculinity and improving healthcare access by challenging gender norms.
The Egalitarian Conditions of Just Happiness: A Rawlsian Approach to Pluralistic Well-Being
Authors: Ingram Callum
Published: November 2024

What role can political institutions play in reconciling the demands of justice with the desire for happiness in diverse societies? The increased measurement and politicization of well-being in recent decades has left many multicultural democracies struggling to support their citizens’ happiness while respecting the value of pluralism. Drawing on John Rawls’s theories of social and developmental psychology, as well as empirical research on the social determinants of well-being, this paper develops a conceptual and normative framework for understanding and addressing this challenge. Conceptually, the paper describes how political institutions function as “infrastructures of feeling” that shape the psychological dispositions and moral sensibilities of those living under them. Normatively, the paper argues that institutions reflecting Rawls’s liberal egalitarian conception of justice are uniquely capable of supporting happiness while affirming pluralism. This “experience-oriented egalitarianism” offers an original account of the connections between institutional design, public policy, moral psychology, and social justice, with direct implications for policymaking in multicultural democracies. The paper therefore concludes by offering several prescriptive recommendations for addressing the infrastructural origins of the “happiness crises” emerging in many diverse societies.
Harnessing the Power of Emotions: How Women of Color Use Emotional Appeals in Their Campaign Messages
Authors: Santia Martina , Bauer Nichole M. , Gonzalez Sylvia
Published: November 2024

Women of color are running for political office at higher rates in recent U.S. elections, and existing scholarship is only starting to investigate the communication strategies of women of color and how voters respond to their campaign messages. We shed light on how women of color use emotions in campaign messages and how voters respond to these emotional appeals. We employ an analysis of campaign advertising data across multiple election years from the Wesleyan Media Project to show that both white women and women of color rely heavily on enthusiasm in their campaign messages, even though white women use anger appeals at higher rates than women of color. We complement these results with an original survey-based experiment to examine how emotional appeals affect voting preferences for women of color candidates. Our results suggest that when women of color employ positive emotions, the effects of these messages do not differ when compared to positive emotions from white women. We also find that positive emotions in messages are especially beneficial for Black women candidates compared to negative emotions in messages. These results offer insights into how women of color can build effective communication strategies to broaden their representation in U.S. decision-making bodies.
Cultural Competemility Training and Use of a Standardized Assessment Tool in Reducing Misdiagnosis of Black Patients with Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders and Psychotic Disorders
Authors: Ballard Tonjanika , Campinha-Bacote Josepha
Published: November 2024

INTRODUCTION:

Research studies have highlighted disparities in diagnosing schizophrenia between Black and White patients, with Black individuals being diagnosed at rates three to five times higher than their White counterparts. Moreover, studies have postulated that a lack of cultural awareness and biases leads to providers’ misinterpretation and misdiagnosis of these patients.

AIMS:

This quality-improvement project aimed (a) to enhance cultural competemility, the synergistic process between cultural humility and cultural competence in health care providers (HCPs) serving Black patients, promoting cultural sensitivity among providers serving all patients; (b) to introduce the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS-24) as a standardized tool for evaluating suspected schizophrenia spectrum disorders and psychotic disorders across all patients; and (c) to reduce the disparities in schizophrenia spectrum disorders and psychosis diagnostic rates across all patients, with a focus on enhancing accuracy for Black patients.

METHOD:

HCPs completed the Inventory for Assessing the Process of Cultural Competemility Among Healthcare Professionals (IAPCC-HCP) before and after training based on Campinha-Bacote’s model of cultural competemility (CCM). In addition, they received training in the use of the BPRS-24. After training, HCPs incorporated the BPRS-24 into clinical practice for assessing patients initially diagnosed with schizophrenia spectrum disorders or psychosis.

RESULTS:

After introducing the BPRS-24 in clinical practice, it was used in 87.5% of assessments, with improved cultural skills and knowledge among HCPs.

CONCLUSION:

Using the BPRS-24 and cultural competemility training, misdiagnosis was identified in 48.4% of the sample, regardless of race.
A symmetric liquid lip inclusion in an infinite isotropic elastic matrix
Authors: Wang Xu , Schiavone Peter
Published: November 2024

We study the plane strain problem of a symmetric compressible liquid lip inclusion with two cusps in an infinite isotropic elastic matrix subjected to uniform remote in-plane normal stresses. The pair of analytic functions characterizing the elastic field in the matrix is derived in closed form. Explicit, elementary, and concise expressions in terms of the two Skempton’s induced pore-pressure coefficients are obtained for the internal uniform hydrostatic tension within the liquid inclusion and the mode I stress intensity factor at the cusp tip. When the two remote normal stresses satisfy a single condition, the external loading will not induce any singular stress field at the cusp tips.
Mentoring Early-Career Investigators of HIV/STI Health Disparities Research: A Study Examining the CAPS Visiting Professors Program
Authors: Arreola Sonya , Padilla Mark , Arnold Emily A. , Danley Dale , Lightfoot Marguerita , Woods William J. , Neilands Torsten B.
Published: November 2024

Background

To build research capacity for early-career faculty conducting HIV/STI research with minoritized communities and to enhance diversity in the scientific workforce, the University of California, San Francisco (UCSF) Center for AIDS Prevention (CAPS) conducts a training program for visiting professors (VPs), begun in 1996. VPs are in residence at CAPS for three summers, complete a pilot research project, and prepare National Institutes of Health (NIH) grant proposals. Best practices and key elements for successfully training scholars of color, and others who work with minoritized communities, are identified.

Methods

This paper draws on qualitative interviews with 31 VPs and 10 program mentors (VPMs) who participated in the program between 1996 and 2016. All VPs were also invited to participate in an anonymous survey to assess potential differences between study participants and non-participants. Interviews took place between September 2017 and March 2018 and were audio-recorded, transcribed, and thematically coded.

Results

VPs and VPMs described key elements relevant to both human and social capital that contributed to Program success. Paramount among these were the importance of establishing trusting mentorship relationships; sustained collegial engagement over time; and fostering a training environment based on multidisciplinarity, skills-building, scholarly networking, and peer reviews.

Conclusions

Participant voices from this objectively successful training program provide directions for future initiatives to support scholars of color and those working with minoritized groups. An indispensable value of such programs is to intentionally foster trusted scholarly communities to counterbalance systemic inequities in the academy.
Assessing scleral thickness in patients with POAG and myopia by using OCT
Authors: Jatoi Asadullah
Published: November 2024

Background

The aim of the study is to utilize swept-source OCT for imaging the rear sclera near the ONH, calculating the thickness of the SL and lamina, and examining how these measurements correspond to various metrics.

Design

Cross-sectional design with a prospective approach.

Materials and methods

The study included 96 glaucoma patients and 39 control subjects, all with axial lengths greater than 23 mm. Swept-source OCT was used to visualize the subfoveal and ONH regions. Thicknesses of SL and lamina were then calculated from the “B-scan” visuals collected. In order to confirm the consistency of the calculation, “intraclass correlation coefficients” were computed from specific “B-scans”. The study compared the thickness of the SL and lamina in subjects with NTG to those with POAG. A “Pearson correlation” was conducted to analyze the connections between the thickness of the SL and lamina with various ocular parameters.

Results

Swept-source OCT enabled the measurement of posterior SL thickness in 65.9% and laminar thickness in 89.8% of the subjects. The consistency of measurements taken by different observers and by the same observer varied from moderate to excellent. There was a notable variation among the NTG and POAG sets in terms of subfoveal SL thickness, with measurements of 680.84 ± 170.60 mm and 486.55 ± 125.21 mm, respectively. The connection among subfoveal SL thickness and axial-length was discovered to be negative in subjects with NTG, but this was not observed in subjects with POAG. The variation in connection among the 2 subject groups was statistically important (r [ L0.687, P < 0.002).

Conclusions

“Swept-source OCT” identified variations in posterior SL thickness between NTG and POAG eyes. The subfoveal scleral thickness showed a negative association with axial-length, particularly in eyes with normal-tension glaucoma.
Assessment of Cardiotoxicity Incidence in Patients Receiving HER-2-Targeted Therapies for Breast Cancer in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Shahbar Alaa , Alhifany Abdullah A , Alatawi Yasser M , Alnuhait Mohammed , Alshammari Abdullah , Alshamrani Majed , Kinsara Abdulhalim , AlQubbany Atif , Alharbi Mahasen , Alnatsheh Abdelmajid , Alfoheidi Meteb
Published: November 2024

Background:

HER2-targeting therapies may increase the risk of decreased left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), potentially leading to heart failure. The growing number of breast cancer survivors due to HER2-targeted treatments necessitates long-term cardiotoxicity management.

Method:

This retrospective study included HER2-positive breast cancer patients aged 18 or older who received at least 1 dose of HER2-targeting treatment between 2016 and 2020. The primary endpoint was the incidence of cardiotoxicity, defined as LVEF <50% with a 10% decline, LVEF drop by >15%, or onset of symptomatic heart failure. Secondary endpoints included the proportion of patients with baseline LVEF 50% to 55% developing cardiotoxicity, those discontinuing HER2 therapy due to heart failure, those treated with heart failure medications, and those continuing HER2 therapy while on heart failure medications. Another secondary outcome was the development of a hospital protocol for monitoring cardiotoxicity in these patients.

Results:

A total of 212 patients were included, with a median age of 56.5 years (interquartile range: 43-58 years). Twenty-two patients (10.37%) experienced cardiotoxicity from HER2-targeted treatment. Thirteen patients (6.13%) had asymptomatic heart failure with LVEF decrease of more than 10% to less than 50%. Five patients (2.35%) with LVEF less than 40% had asymptomatic heart failure, while 4 patients (1.88%) had symptomatic heart failure regardless of LVEF decline. HER2-targeted treatment was temporarily discontinued in 3 (13.63%) patients and permanently in 4 (18.18%) patients due to cardiotoxicity. The remaining 15 patients resumed treatment without interruption. Only 13 out of 22 patients were referred to cardiologists and prescribed heart failure medications.

Conclusion:

Close monitoring of LVEF in patients receiving HER2-targeting therapy can help health care providers initiate anti-heart failure medications to prevent LVEF deterioration and maintain HER2-targeting therapy.
Objective vs perceived environmental impacts of tourism
Authors: Godovykh Maksim , Alvarez Sergio , Fyall Alan
Published: November 2024

Tourism brings significant economic, social, environmental, and psychological impacts to destination communities. In addition to objective indicators, these impacts can also be assessed subjectively through residents’ perceptions. This paper aims to address the gap between objective environmental indicators and residents’ perceived impacts, specifically by comparing air pollution exposure with residents' perceptions of air quality across European countries. The results reveal that objective air quality indicators diverge from residents’ subjective evaluations, highlighting the need for further investigation into the factors influencing these perceptions and strategies for managing the perception-reality gap.
Quality, Reliability, and Readability of Peripheral Nerve Intervention Websites for Patients
Authors: Kuo Keith T. , Park Kitae Eric , Suresh Rachana , Heron Matthew J. , Zhu Katherine J. , Lebbos Fares , Wilde Brandon M. , Sim Danielle , Zamore Zachary , Chekfa Abdul Jabar , Tuffaha Sami H. , Elhelali Ala
Published: November 2024

Background:

This study aims to evaluate the readability, quality, and reliability of online resources about peripheral nerve surgeries to determine if they meet recommended literacy standards.

Methods:

We analyzed a total of 137 peripheral nerve surgery website by performing a Google search using the search terms “nerve transfer,” “nerve repair,” “nerve graft,” “nerve decompression,” “neurolysis,” “targeted muscle reinnervation,” “regenerative peripheral nerve interface,” and “vascularized denervated muscle target.” The reading level of the website text was assessed using Simple Measures of Gobbledygook, Flesch-Kincaid, and Gunning Fog. Quality was evaluated using the DISCERN Instrument. Reliability was determined using the Journal of American Medical Association Benchmark Criteria.

Results:

All the websites exceeded the sixth-grade reading level, with median readability scores corresponding to a high school reading level or above. Conceptually harder peripheral nerve surgeries such as targeted muscle reinnervation and regenerative peripheral nerve interface websites were generally written at a significantly higher reading level than conceptually easier surgeries such as nerve repair and nerve graft. The median quality of the websites was rated as poor, and the median reliability of the websites was rated as low.

Conclusions:

The findings indicate that the current peripheral nerve surgery websites texts do not adhere to recommended reading levels and are constructed with poor quality and low reliability. This potentially hinders patients understanding and utilization of peripheral nerve surgeries, suggesting a need for standardized guidelines to enhance the accessibility of medical information online.
Hand and Wrist Dog-Leash Injuries in the Outpatient Setting: A Review of 443 Cases
Authors: Plusch Kyle , Givner Daniel , Wiafe Bright , Lutsky Kevin , Beredjiklian Pedro
Published: November 2024

Background:

Injuries sustained from dog leashes often result in visits to hand surgeons. This study presents an analysis of dog-leash-related upper-extremity injuries at a single orthopedic practice, including treatment options for these injuries, and guidance for prevention.

Methods:

We identified all outpatients who presented to a hand surgeon at a single institution from 2016 to 2021 following an upper-extremity injury related to a dog leash. Charts were reviewed and demographics, injury description and mechanism, and details of treatment were recorded.

Results:

We identified 443 patients that presented for a dog-leash-related injury. The average time from injury to outpatient visit was 23 days. Surgery occurred following injury in 96 patients (21.6%). The most common injury locations were the ring finger, followed by the wrist, third finger, and fifth finger. Interphalangeal joint sprain was the most common injury type followed by phalangeal fracture. The majority of injuries were caused by the extremity catching in the leash while being pulled (337, 75.9%). Among the 96 patients requiring surgery, open reduction and internal fixation was the most commonly performed procedure followed by closed reduction with percutaneous pinning. For patients not requiring surgery (348, 78.4%), splinting or bracing was the most common treatment recommended.

Conclusion:

The majority of dog-leash injuries were caused by the patient’s extremity catching in the leash as it was pulled, resulting in interphalangeal joint injures and phalanx fractures. The most common treatment required for these patients was nonoperative.
Evaluation of the accuracy and interobserver agreement of the reverse shoulder angle in the preoperative planning of reverse total shoulder arthroplasties
Authors: Motta Geraldo , Amaral Marcus Vinícius , Cohen Márcio , Schiefer Marcio , Fonseca Raphael Soares da , Carolina Oliveira Ana Carolina Leal
Published: November 2024

Background

Differences in implant positioning between anatomical and reverse shoulder arthroplasties have raised concerns about the adequacy of assessing the global glenoid inclination (GGI) using the method described by Maurer to define the position of the metallic base in reverse shoulder arthroplasty. The reverse shoulder angle (RSA) has been proposed to measure the inclination of the lower half of the glenoid. This study aims to evaluate the interobserver agreement of manual measurements of the RSA using two-dimensional (2D) computed tomography (CT) images and its relationship with the automated measurement of the GGI.

Methods

This cross-sectional study evaluated 2D CT images of 38 CT scans of patients with degenerative shoulder diseases. Manual measurements of the RSA were conducted by five independent shoulder surgeons. GGI measured by automated software was determined.

Results

The interclass correlation coefficient was 0.72 for RSA. Mean RSA was 25.7° ± 7.1°, significantly higher than automated GGI measurements (11.2 ± 9.0; p < .0001). On average, RSA was 14.6 ± 6.3 greater than GGI, irrespective, diagnosis, Favard's glenoid subtype, and version angle.

Conclusion

Our study demonstrated that the RSA angle can be reproducibly used to assess glenoid inclination on 2D CT images presenting high interobserver agreement. RSA differs significantly from the GGI, indicating that measuring glenoid inclination for reverse or anatomical arthroplasty requires distinct methodologies that account for the inherent differences in these angles.
Switching from rituximab originator to GP2013 or CT-P10 biosimilars in autoimmune rheumatic diseases: drug retention rate and safety data from a multicentric retrospective cohort
Authors: Gentileschi Stefano , Bruni Cosimo , Gaggiano Carla , D’Alessandro Roberto , Pacini Giovanni , Sota Jurgen , Guiducci Serena , Cerinic Marco Matucci , Frediani Bruno
Published: November 2024

Background:

Real-world evidence supporting a safe and effective transition from rituximab originator (RTX-O) to its biosimilars (RTX-B) in autoimmune rheumatic diseases (ARDs) is still limited.

Objectives:

The primary aims of this study were to evaluate the long-term persistence of RTX-B after the non-medical switch (NMS) from RTX-O in ARD patients, and to explore the RTX-B safety profile. The secondary aims were to evaluate the impact of different factors on RTX-B drug retention rate (DRR) and to identify any factors associated with RTX-B discontinuation.

Design:

Retrospective observational study.

Methods:

We included consecutive ARD patients undergoing NMS from RTX-O to GP2013 or CT-P10 from January 2018 to December 2020. RTX-B DRR was estimated by Kaplan–Meier plot analysis and compared according to different factors by the Log-rank test; the Cox proportional hazard model was used to detect factors associated with RTX-B discontinuation in the first 36 months.

Results:

We enrolled 181 patients switching to RTX-B: GP2013 in 143 (79.0%) cases and CT-P10 in 38 (21.0%). The estimated DRR for RTX-B was 81.5% at 12 months, 80.6% at 24 months, and 77.4% at 36 months. The incidence of adverse events with RTX-B was 12.6/100 patients/year. In the Log-rank test, no statistically significant differences were observed in the RTX-B DRR according to sex ( p = 0.171), ARD diagnosis ( p = 0.281), and concomitant immunosuppressive therapy ( p = 0.054); on the contrary, patients on GP2013 showed a higher DRR than those on CT-P10 ( p < 0.001). In the Cox proportional hazard analysis, the switch to CT-P10 was associated with a higher probability of stopping treatment (hazard ratio, 1.83 (confidence interval, 1.10–3.04), p = 0.02).

Conclusion:

NMS to RTX-B is associated with a high chance of retaining the drug for up to 36 months, irrespective of the diagnosis. GP2013 showed a higher retention rate than CT-P10.