bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Austrian judicial system of 1867
Authors: Dzikovskiy Maksym
Published: February 2021

The article examines the Austrian judicial system formed on the basis of the Basic Constitutional Law of Austria on JudicialPower of December 27, 1867, requirements for individuals who wanted to become judges.The judge could be any male Austrian citizen who had a university degree in law and practical experience of at least three years,successfully passed the written and oral exams. Examination commissions were set up annually by the Minister of Justice at each higherregional court. They included law professors and skilled practitioners. Thus, the professionalism of judges was ensured.Judges were appointed for life by the emperor or relevant officials on his behalf. At the time of their appointment, they took anofficial oath and an oath to strictly abide by the constitution and laws of Austria-Hungary. All decisions were made on behalf of theemperor. Judges were recognized as free and independent in their decisions. In 1908, in Eastern Galicia, 63.8 % of judges were of Polishnationality and 31.8 % were Ukrainians. From 1870 in Eastern Galicia there was one higher legal court in Lviv and 5 district judges,and from the beginning of the XX century 10 district judges.The functions and powers of the Supreme Judicial and Cassation Tribunal in Vienna (the State Tribunal), which was the highestcourt in Austria, are highlighted. The competence of cases in which the State Tribunal made decisions as a court of first instance andthe procedure for their consideration are analyzed. The procedure of formation of the composition of the State Tribunal is covered.Along with the State Tribunal, the Administrative Tribunal was functioning in Austria, created on the basis of the law adopted bythe Austrian Parliament in 1875. The structure, powers and functions of the High Regional Courts, District Courts and County Courtsare analyzed. The peculiarities of the functioning of the Austrian judicial system in Galicia in 1867–1918 are highlighted.
OECD acts as instruments of soft international law
Authors: Petrenko Anatolii
Published: February 2021

A characteristic feature of the modern system of international relations is that the not only the international legal norms, but alsothe rules of soft international law are the regulators, with the constantly growing share of the latter. There is a great variety of conceptsregarding the nature of soft international law in modern doctrine of international law. However, it is indisputable fact that internationalorganizations play significant role in its development. One of such international organizations is the Organization for Economic Cooperationand Development, whose rule-making activities are largely implemented through the adoption of legally non-binding documentsbut at the same time they have a significant impact on the behavior of the international law subjects. The organization unites 36 industrializedcountries. Thus, of the total number of regulations of various legal force adopted or developed under the auspices of the OECDduring the entire period of existence of this international organization, acts of soft international law account for approximately 78 percent. In total, the OECD adopted 454 regulations, including 13 international treaties, 87 decisions, 300 recommendations, 36 declarationsand 18 other legally non-binding international instruments. Recommendations are adopted in accordance with Art. 5, 6 and 7 ofthe OECD Convention and paragraph 18B of the Rules of Procedure of the Organization and are transferred to the Member States forconsideration. So the Member States may, if they deem it appropriate, implement them in their national law. OECD Declarations arelegally optional framework documents establishing the general principles and long-term goals of cooperation between states within theframework of this international organization. In general, declarations are not acts of the OECD within the meaning of Art. 5 of theOECD Convention, but in practice their implementation is monitored by OECD bodies. Apart from recommendations and declarationsOECD also practices the following types of legal non-binding regulations: Arrangement and Understanding which can be described asgentleman’s agreements and also the recommendations of the Development Assistance Committee (DAC) OECD. With all these do -cuments, the OECD regulates international cooperation on a wide range of socio-economic issues, including the fight against corruption,taxation, regional development, environmental protection, finance and investment, trade, industry, social policy, consumer protection,science and education, shipbuilding and transport, energy, etc.
Life cycle assessment (LCA) kegiatan bank sampah di pedesaan (Bank Sampah Asoka Berseri, Desa Sokosari, Tuban)
Authors: Anasstasia Titi Tiara , Azis Muhammad Mufti
Published: February 2021

Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) adalah salah satu cara yang dapat digunakan untuk mengevaluasi sistem pengelolaan sampah berdasarkan nilai potensi dampak yang dihasilkan. Bank Sampah Asoka Berseri di Kabupaten Tuban merupakan salah satu contoh unit pengolah sampah yang bertujuan untuk mengurangi potensi dampak dari timbulan sampah secara kualitas maupun kuantitas di wilayah pedesaan. Tujuan studi ini adalah menghitung dan mengevaluasi potensi dampak lingkungan yang dihasilkan dari program bank sampah, kemudian dibandingkan dengan penanganan sampah konvensional yang dilakukan oleh masyarakat. Metode yang digunakan berdasarkan CML Baseline v4.4 dan 14000 standar ISO, meliputi goal and scope, life cycle inventory (LCI), life cycle impact assessment (LCIA) dan interpretasi. Simulasi LCA dilakukan dengan Software OpenLCA untuk menghitung nilai potensi dampak dari setiap kilogram sampah yang dihasilkan. Berdasarkan hasil simulasi, setiap 1 kg sampah yang dikelola oleh bank sampah menghasilkan potensi dampak pemanasan global lebih rendah (6,395 kg CO2 eq.) dibandingkan dengan penimbunan (13,057 kg CO2 eq.) dan pembakaran (10,850 kg CO2 eq.). Pengolahan sampah lebih lanjut menjadi RDF dan kompos di bank sampah berpotensi menghasilkan dampak lingkungan lebih rendah dan menambah pendapatan masyarakat.
Medium Frequency Electric Field Analysis of Power Transformers in High Voltage System
Authors: ÖZÜPAK Yıldırım
Published: February 2021

Electronic power transformers (EPT) are transformers that are smaller in size and volume compared to conventional 50 Hz frequency transformers. Medium frequency transformers (MFT) have begun to become important components in high voltage and high power energy conversion systems such as EPTs. In this study, the electric field distribution of these transformers is discussed. The electric field distributions in the transformer have been obtained using the two-dimensional finite element method (FEM). Besides, maximum electric field intensities were obtained in the study. ANSYS@Maxwell simulation program, which realizes a solution based on FEM, was used for these analyzes. Electromagnetic field analyzes of the same transformer under normal conditions were also performed to compare the analyzes. Besides, the values obtained from the high-frequency analysis, the values obtained from the study below 50 Hz frequency, and the values obtained experimentally were compared. In this way, the stress in the insulation material of the transformer and the weak parts of the insulation material were detected. It is expected that the method used will contribute to future studies to examine the results of the electric field distribution analysis of transformers.
Аnalysis of differential cross sections of 12,14ВЕ+2С with energy of 56 mev / nucleon on the basis of parallel implementation of a four–parameter microscopic nucleus–nucleus scattering model
Authors: Bashashin M. V. , Yermekova A. , Zemlyanaya E. V. , Kakenov M. B. , Lukyanov K. V.
Published: February 2021

The MPI/C++ /Fortran package of computer codes has been developed for high-performance numerical analysis of experimental data on elastic nucleus-nucleus scattering within a microscopic model of optical potential. In the package, a modified DWUCK4 Fortran-code for calculating the physical characteristics of elastic scattering based on a numerical solution of the corresponding Schrödingerequation has been incorporated into the C++ framework, which is responsible for the input-output procedure and a comparison of numerical results with experimental data. MPI-based parallelism allows efficient calculations of the observables depending on a wide range of parameters of real and imaginary parts of the microscopic OP. The package has been used to analyze experimental data on differential cross sections of the 12,14Ве+12Сelastic scattering.
Dialek Pasir Raja: Ciri Fonologi dan Pengelompokan
Authors:   Universiti Utara Malaysia, Hasrah Mohd Tarmizi
Published: February 2021

This paper discusses the spoken Malay dialect in the Pasir Raja subdistrict. From the perspective of folk linguistics, this dialect is deemed distinctive from the general Terengganu dialect. This thus raises a few issues that need to be addressed, namely (i) the phonological features that render the dialect different from other Malay dialects, and (ii) the relationship between this dialect and the other dialects in the eastern region of Peninsular Malaysia. To address these issues, the present study collected and recorded more than 600 words and conversations in the Pasir Raja dialect as its corpus. Based on the diachronic dialectology approach, this study describes some phonological features of the dialect and compares them with the features of Proto-Malayic and several other Malay dialects. This comparison was made for classification purposes. A number of phonological features discovered in the Pasir Raja dialect suggest the dialect is to be included as a branch of the Malay dialects of the interior on the eastern part of the Peninsula. Apart from the linguistic evidence, the close connection between the dialects is also proven by historical and sociological evidence. The significance of this study is the discovery of the existence of another Malay dialect in the east of the Peninsula.
RHETORIC TOOLS USED TO GUIDE CONSUMER BEHAVIOR AND REACTIONS IN THE MARKETPLACE
Authors: Skulska Joanna , Krężel Aleksandra
Published: February 2021

Antyczna retoryka dostarcza wiedzy i narzędzi do analizy narzędzi i technik wykorzystywanych w marketingu. To przypuszczenie stanowi hipotezę roboczą niniejszego artykułu. Na istotność badań nad narzędziami retoryki (rozumianej jako komunikacja perswazyjne) wykorzystywanymi w reklamach wskazują antyczne założenia dotyczące celów i zastosowań tej dziedziny nauki. Celem podjętych badań jest sprawdzenie czy narzędzia te pozwalają zidentyfikować czym można wyróżnić się na rynku, zaobserwować reakcje odbiorców na poszczególne bodźce oraz jak kierować pozostałą częścią marketingu, aby firma zajmowała wysoką pozycję na rynku.
Evaluación de la gestión administrativa de la Coordinación Académica del Curso de Nivelación DANU-ULEAM 2017 (2) desde la perspectiva docente
Authors: González Joe dik , Rodriguez Johny
Published: February 2021

El presente trabajo basa su accionar en la evaluación realizada al cuerpo docente sobre la gestión de la Coordinación Académica, en la cual mediante tres apartados se analizarán los siguientes aspectos: Fortalecimiento en valores que desarrolla la institución; el manejo que da la institución a los conflictos académicos; la generación de espacios para el trabajo conjunto; acciones para integrar la diversidad de los estudiantes; atención oportuna a los docentes; de la misma manera se abre un espacio para que aquellos que evalúan a la Coordinación Académica establezcan recomendaciones. Se emplea como instrumento de recogida de la información a la encuesta, diseñada esta, conforme a criterios de evaluación determinados en consenso por parte del equipo de trabajo de la Coordinación Académica. Se desarrolla un trabajo cualitativo-cuantitativo-descriptivo-taxonómico, con análisis de cada una de las variables. Los resultados evidencian aspectos que impedirían el desarrollo de la calidad, no obstante, el manejo de estrategias como los contrapesos, permiten la superación de varios problemas, propiciando su retroalimentación con la posibilidad de que se emulen en otras organizaciones.
Funcionamiento familiar Funcionamiento familiar y su relación con la interacción social en niños con el Trastorno del Espectro Autista
Authors: Sánchez Bravo Enita Auxiliadora , Maitta Rosado Inger , Lazo Moreira María
Published: February 2021

El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar la interacción social de niños y niñas con el Trastorno del Espectro Autista, la “Fundación un lugar para tus sueños” de la ciudad de Portoviejo-Manabí, Ecuador. El enfoque de esta investigación es cualitativo, a través del método deductivo inductivo establece una relación entre ambas variables, apoyado en el método bibliográfico y estadístico, se aplicó el instrumento del APGAR familiar y un cuestionario para evaluar la interacción social de los/las niños/as participantes. Como resultado se obtuvo que la mayor parte de las familias tienen una función familiar normal y la interacción social de sus hijos oscila entre Buena y Regular, indicando que los niveles de funcionalidad familiar y la interacción social de los/las niños/as con TEA está íntimamente relacionado, pues el rol que cumplen los miembros de la familia es indispensables para la adaptación social del niño/a.
Resiliencia en adolescentes con ideación suicida
Authors: Aldaz Garcia Neycer Bladimir , Escobar Delgado Gustavo Rafae
Published: February 2021

El estudio está enfocado en la identificación de los niveles de resiliencia en adolescentes con ideación suicida, tomando como objeto de investigación a 100 adolescentes entre edades de 15 a 16 años de la unidad educativa fiscal “José Joaquín de Olmedo” de la ciudad de Portoviejo, Manabí, Ecuador. El estudio es descriptivo, con metodología analítica-sintética, se utilizaron dos instrumentos con alto nivel de fiabilidad: la escala de ideación suicida de Beck y el test SV- RES de Saavedra y Villalta. Así, el 30% de adolescentes evaluados, presenta ideación suicida, mientras que, el 70% tiene resiliencia promedio lo que significa una adecuada capacidad de afrontamiento a las adversidades; y el 36.66% de adolescentes tiene un nivel bajo de resiliencia; con escasa capacidad de afrontamiento. Se distinguen las diferentes etapas del suicidio y se evalúan los diferentes factores presentes en la ideación suicida, teniendo en cuenta sus variables. Se categorizan los niveles resilientes que presentan los estudiantes con ideas suicidas, determinándose el estado de riesgo en que se encuentran. En este contexto, el estudio fortalece las vertientes de la salud mental y al ámbito psicosocial, potenciando la necesidad de una observación más atenta y amplias a las ideas que presentan los adolescentes; además, se identifica los factores predisponentes, directos e indirectos, que conllevan a la ideación suicida.
Metodologías de enseñanza-aprendizaje constructivista aplicadas a la educación superior
Authors: Vera Velazquez Raquel , Castro Piguave Carlos , Estévez Valdés Ignacio , Maldonado Zúñiga Kirenia
Published: February 2021

Las metodologías de enseñanza-aprendizaje utilizadas en la de educación superior pueden tener distintos enfoques, que se distinguen entre sí por la manera de aprender el estudiante. La elección de la metodología varía en función de las competencias que el docente desea obtener en sus educandos. La metodología constructivista no dispone de unas formas determinadas de enseñanza, pero sí que proporciona elementos de análisis y reflexión sobre la práctica educativa. Son muchos los autores que han aportado sus ideas y reflexiones acerca del tema. Este trabajo tiene como objetivo concretar metodologías constructivistas para el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje en la educación superior, con el fin de desarrollar talleres de capacitación a los docentes sobre el tema en función del protagonismo activo de los estudiantes en el desarrollo del proceso docente educativo. La investigación se llevó a cabo por medio de un estudio longitudinal descriptivo, prospectivo y cuantitativo basado en los métodos inductivo y analítico, el universo estaba compuesto por los docentes que participaron en el X Seminario Científico Metodológico de las carreras de Ingeniería Agropecuaria e Ingeniería en Computación y Redes de la Universidad Estatal del Sur de Manabí. Los resultados reflejan que los indicadores de dominio de las metodologías de enseñanza-aprendizaje constructivista de acuerdo al modelo educativo aplicado en la universidad mostraron dificultades en la aplicación adecuada, en la clase para un mejor desarrollo del proceso docente educativo.
Búsqueda de información científica para la mejora de contenidos en protocolos de investigación en asignaturas de apoyo a la titulación en la ingeniería
Authors: Villatoro Cruz María Concepción , Cisneros Guerra Marina , Lugo Martínez Ingrid Monciel
Published: February 2021

La formación profesional de un Ingeniero debe ser integral y cumplir con competencias que aportan en la construcción de su conocimiento, la competencia de investigación es el eje medular de este trabajo y representa el área de mejora a atender; los alumnos presentan deficiencias en la búsqueda de información científica para la generación de protocolos de investigación. Esta investigación tiene como objetivo, mejorar las estrategias de búsqueda y gestión de la información para la elaboración de protocolos de investigación mediante recursos tecnológicos y motores de búsqueda para obtener productos finales de calidad científica. Se aplican dos encuestas, de diagnóstico y de mejora, ésta última se aplica en dos momentos: antes de brindar soporte de contenido en la búsqueda de información y después de haberlo hecho, demostrando que se mejora la calidad de los productos obtenidos en las asignaturas de la línea de investigación. Se aplica durante 3 semestres escolares (tiempo1, tiempo2 y tiempo 3) a un total de muestra acumulado de 230 alumnos. La investigación es cuantitativa con diseño no experimental longitudinal de tendencia con un alcance descriptivo. Los resultados diagnósticos indican que Google es el recurso más utilizado por los alumnos para realizar sus investigaciones. Los resultados muestran una mejora en la calidad de los contenidos en protocolos de investigación al brindarles materiales exclusivos de ésta temática durante el curso. Se concluye que los alumnos necesitan una guía docente o de contenido para hacer búsquedas efectivas de información en espacios formales y reconocidos para el gremio científico.
INNOVATIVE DEVELOPMENT OF THE AGRICULTURAL MARKET: RESEARCH OF MODERN TENDENCIES AND STRATEGIES
Authors: MAZUR Kateryna
Published: February 2021

The global economic crisis and the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic are shaping strong trends of deterioration in food security around the world. At the same time, it is expected that in the 2020/21 crop year, world grain markets will remain secure despite the reduction in production and stocks in October compared to September. However, there are certain systemic problems in agriculture in Ukraine exacerbated by quarantine measures, especially at the level of small farms.

The paper presents some of main problematic aspects in the agricultural sector. The solution of the considered problem aspects lying in the plane of development of innovative approaches of sustainable agriculture integration, introduction of special measures and definition of indicators of efficiency of such measures presented in given paper. This study aims to identify strategic approaches to reducing the gap between knowledge creation and dissemination in the innovative development of the agricultural market through the introduction and dissemination of sustainable agricultural practices.

It is shown that in order to ensure competitiveness in the markets of agricultural products, producers need to innovate. The studied examples of successful implementation of innovative projects in the field of agricultural production in the world allowed summarizing the experience and proposing strategic approaches to the development of the domestic agricultural market. The proposed strategic approaches can provide a space for an open dialogue on technologies and ways of commercializing products. The recommendations proposed in this paper are aimed at further research into ways and means of creating horizontal and vertical networks and platforms that provide knowledge dissemination (creation and training), create new markets, resources, and provide political support at various levels of government for interaction with national and international organizations.
QUALITY ANALYSIS OF HEALTH SERVICES IN PUSKESMAS X BASED ON IMPORTANCE PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS METHOD
Authors: Mustara Mustara
Published: February 2021

Community Health Centers is one of the leading units in providing health services to the community. Along with the increasing demands of the community for quality health services, the accredited Community Health Centers must always improve the quality of its services. This study aims to find out how the quality of health services is seen in terms of service aspects, staff attitudes, and room conditions and attributes that are considered important by patients to improved. This research is a quantitative descriptive method to the Importance Performance Analysis approach. The study population was registered patients and utilizing health services provided by the X Community Health Center. The sample in this study used a quota sampling technique with 101 respondents. Data collection instruments using a questionnaire. The analysis used is the suitability of performance with its importance to all attributes, then the attributes described in the quadrant Importance Performance Analysis. The results showed the service variables, staff attitudes, and room conditions were categorized according to the expectations of their level of importance. Puskesmas need to encourage officers to be empathetic towards patients who will seek treatment, provide answers to any questions asked, have a patient waiting room equipped with a seat, have a clean corner room, and have a clean and non-slippery floor.
Intensive Care Management of Complicated Case of Fat Embolism Secondary to Femur Fracture
Authors: Kashif Sanum
Published: February 2021

Fat embolism syndrome (FES) is an inflammatory cascade, affecting multi-organs, potentially leading to serious complications in orthopedic patients, especially after femur fractures. It includes hypoxia due to pulmonary dysfunction, neurological and psychiatric changes, fever, tachycardia, petechial hemorrhages, thrombocytopenia, and anemia. Due to advancement in intensive care and supportive management and surgical techniques, like intramedullary reaming, the incidence of fat embolism syndrome has become only 0.5 percent. This report presents case of a 22-year-old male with femur fracture due to road traffic accident, with diagnosis of fat embolism syndrome, wound infection, pneumonia and deep venous thrombosis which was managed successfully.
Market Survey and Assessment of the Real Demand of Amoxicillin 500mg Capsules in the Sudanese Pharmaceutical Markets
Authors: Mohmmed Elawad , Abdelkarim Abdelkarim M. , Oshi Murtada A. , Naeem Muhammad
Published: February 2021

Objective: To determine the current supply and demand for Amoxicillin 500 mg capsules at the pharmaceutical market level based on readily available and comparative data methods.Study Design: Cross-sectional.Place and Duration of Study: The study was carried out at hundred pharmacies spread throughout the three cities of Khartoum State (Khartoum, Omdurman, and Khartoum-North) from April 4, 2018 to June 17, 2018.Materials and Methods: A market survey was conducted by visiting 100 pharmacies and basic questions were posed directly to the pharmacist about the annual sale of Amoxicillin 500 mg capsules through a questionnaire. The data was analyzed using the consumption process, and the projected actual demand for amoxicillin 500 mg capsules up to the year 2027 in Sudanese markets was estimated.Results: The analyzed data showed a difference of about 756 million capsules between the current supply and real demand of 500 mg capsules of amoxicillin up to 2027. Moreover, the findings showed that there are substantial variations in annual sales of amoxicillin 500 mg capsules among the three cities where the survey was performed.Conclusion: The results of this study can be used as a guide for estimating the actual demands for Amoxicillin 500 mg capsules in the Sudanese pharmaceutical market for the future.
Jogos-e a cigány nemzetiségi oktatás?
Authors: Orsós Anna
Published: February 2021

A magyar köznevelés és felsőoktatás jogszabályi környezetében az elmúlt néhány évben nagy változások történtek. E változások nyomait a cigány/roma nemzetiségi oktatás is magán viseli, ám arról, hogy ezek milyen mértében érintették e nemzetiség nyelveinek és népismeretének oktatását a köznevelési intézményekben, kevés az elérhető információ. Azért, hogy látni lehessen az új jogszabályi környezet milyen irányba tereli a nemzetiségi oktatást, a cigány/roma nemzetiségi oktatást folytató intézmények körében vizsgálatot folytattunk. A vizsgálat online kérdőív keretében tárja fel a cigány/roma nemzetiségi oktatás 2014/15-ös helyzetét, nevezetesen azt, hogy a fent ismertetett jogszabályi változások mennyire módosították a köznevelési intézmények számát, illetve motivációját a nemzetiségi nyelv- és népismeret tantárgyak bevezetésére.
Horizontális irányelvek a pécsi neveléstudományi műhely tanárképzési programjában
Authors: Arató Ferenc
Published: February 2021

Ebben a rövid tanulmányban arra teszünk kísérletet, hogy bemutassuk a Pécsi Tudományegyetem Neveléstudományi Intézetéhez köthető neveléstudományi műhely törekvéseinek egyik dimenzióját. Egyrészt azokat a szempontokat mutatjuk be, amelyek a tanárképzést vizsgáló kutatás eredményeként körvonalazódtak, másrészt azokat a horizontális, a képzés egészét átfogó irányelveket, fejlesztési aspektusokat, amelyek a képzés helyi értékeiként rajzolódtak ki az elmúlt években. Bemutatjuk, hogy ezek az aspektusok összhangban állnak mind az európai, mind a tengeren túli egyetemfejlesztési, illetve tanárképzés-fejlesztési törekvésekkel.
"Én mint az inklúzió hőse"
Authors: Réthy Endréné
Published: February 2021

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Az állami tanítóképzés történetének fordulópontjai
Authors: Kelemen Elemér
Published: February 2021

A 2019-es esztendő három jeles évfordulót is kínál számunkra a magy ar tanítóképzés történetéből: 150 éve, 1869-ben jöttek létre Eötvös 1868-as népiskolai törvénye alapján az első – középfokú – állami tanító/nőképezdék. 60 éve, 1959-ben alakultak meg a képzés szintemelését jelentő, akadémiai jellegű – fél-felsőfokú – tanítóképző intézetek és 25 éve, 1994-ben került elfogadásra az a képesítési követelményrendszer, amely szakmai alapját jelentette a négyéves időtartamú főiskolai tanítóképzésnek és utat nyitott a képzés 21. századi perspektívákat kínáló továbbfejlesztéséhez. Az előadás szerkesztett változata az „állami” tanítóképzés hazai történeti változásait, fejlődési ívét mutatja be e három nagy korszak (fordulópont) eseményei köré rendezve.
Fejezetek az egyházi tanítóképzés magyarországi történetéből
Authors: Mészáros László , Szenczi Árpád
Published: February 2021

Az 1950-es évek végéig működő középfokú egyházi tanítóképzők nevelési rendszerének történeti kutatását a Károli Gáspár Egy etem oktatói immár három évtizede tanulmányozzák. Akkori kutatás céljában a következőket fogalmazták meg: „Az újrainduló egyházi intézmények önálló működéséhez elengedhetetlen feltétel a történelmi múlt feltárása, a hasonló profilú pedagógusképzők szellemiségének, nevelési rendszerének vizsgálata, az elméleti és gy akorlati képzésük összehasonlítása, a tanulságok felhasználása” (Szenczi, 1990). A kutatási eredmények értékelése során bebizonyosodott, hogy az egyházi tanítóképzés szellemisége rekonstruálható, mert van egy szintetizáló erő, amely az intézményeket a történelmi küldetésen felül is „életben tartotta”. Pauler Ákos fenomenológiai gondolkodása világított rá, hogy egyes problémák elveszíthetik eredeti sajátosságaikat, majd belesimulnak egy nagy obb rendszerbe, de amennyiben újra lehetőség nyílik az eredeti strukturális működésére, akkor visszaalakulhatnak.
Mesterképzés tanítóknak
Authors: Serfőző Mónika
Published: February 2021

A tanítóképzés történetében mérföldkő volt a „többciklusú, lineáris felsőoktatási képzési szerkezet” (252/2004. (VIII. 30.) Kormányrendelet) bevezetése 2006-ban. A tanítóképzés „zsákutcás” jellegének (Bollókné & Hunyadyné, 2003) megoldására is lehetőséget kínált ez az átalakulás, a neveléstudományi mesterszak megalapítása. Kinyílt az egyetemi továbbhaladás lehetősége úgy , hogy a korai nevelés pedagógusai nem kényszerültek jelentős szakma- vagy pályamódosításra, lehetőségük lett a doktori fokozat megszerzésére is. A tanulmány a neveléstudományi mesterszak rövid történetét, a képzés sajátosságait, részletesebben az első, meghatározó Kora gy ermekkor pedagógiája szakirány koncepcióját mutatja be. Tükrözi Hunyady György né világos elképzelését arról, hogy a mesterképzés hogy an járul hozzá a hallgatók, a kora gyermekkori nevelésben szerepet vállaló pedagógusok és egyáltalán a szakterület fejlődéséhez.
The concept of automated preparation of repair documentation
Authors: Зяблов О.К. , Кочнев Ю.А. , Кочнева И.Б.
Published: February 2021

В статье рассматривается возможность автоматизации подготовки производства по ремонту судов. Указывается, что высокая трудоемкость работ по подготовке ремонтной документации (под которой, в статье понимаются такие организационно-технические документы, как ремонтные ведомости, акты дефектации, заказы-наряды и т.п.) требует больших временных затрат, которые, в условиях ограниченности ремонтного периода, целесообразно снижать. Одним из способов сокращения времени может послужить внедрение автоматизированных систем подготовки ремонтной документации, как на предварительных этапах ремонта, так и непосредственно на «кильблоках». В статье представлена структура необходимых работ, с учетом возможной автоматизации большинства процессов и особенностей работ на различных предприятиях. Подробно выделен один из наиболее трудоемких этапов – дефектация, с подробным описанием его внутренней структуры и потоков информации, характерных как для традиционного подхода в его организации, так и с применением средств автоматизации. Уделено особое внимание подготовительным работам при дефектации, а именно формированию растяжек наружной обшивки, палуб, переборок, второго дна, вторых бортов и т.п., которые для судов возрастом более 25 лет, по опыту работ авторов с грузовыми судами внутреннего и смешанного (река-море) плавания, как правило, уже или потеряны, или находятся в непригодном для работы состоянии.

The article considers the possibility of automating the preparation of production for ship repair. It is indicated that the high labor intensity of repair documentation requires large time expenditures, which, in the limited repair period, it is advisable to reduce. One of the ways to reduce the time can be the introduction of automated systems for preparing repair documentation, both at the preliminary stages of repair, and directly on the "keelblocks". The article presents the structure of the necessary work, taking into account the possible automation of most processes and the features of work at various enterprises. One of the most time – consuming stages-defecation-is highlighted in detail, with a detailed description of its internal structure and information flows, which are typical both for the traditional approach in its organization and with the use of automation tools. Special attention is paid to the accompanying works in case of defects, namely, the formation of the stretch of the outer hull covering, which for vessels older than 25 years, as a rule, has already been lost or is in an unusable condition.
Adaptive tracking electro-hydraulic drive
Authors: Краснодубец Л.А. , Конева С.А. , Цалоев В.М.
Published: February 2021

Статья посвящена исследованию возможностей снижения влияния параметрических возмущений на показатели назначения корабельного артиллерийского комплекса. Предложен закон адаптивного управления слежением в аналитической форме и способ его технической реализации для снижения чувствительности следящего электрогидравлического привода артиллерийского комплекса к параметрическим возмущениям, возникающим в процессе эксплуатации и приводящих к нежелательным колебаниям объекта управления (вооружения), снижающих показатели его точности. В основе предложенного закона адаптивного лежит локальная оптимизация ошибки слежения (рассогласования) по квадратичному критерию относительно эталонного процесса с заданными свойствами. Структура регулятора, реализующая такой закон адаптивного управления, совпадает со структурой традиционного ПИД регулятора, что прямо указывает на способ его технической реализации. Введение адаптивного регулятора в контур следящего электрогидравлического привода-прототипа снижает его чувствительность к параметрическим возмущениям. При этом первоначальная структура привода существенно не меняется и не требуются дополнительные регулировки. Об этом свидетельствуют результаты компьютерного моделирования, выполненного в среде MATLAB & Simulink.

The article is devoted to the study of the possibilities of reducing the influence of parametric disturbances on the indicators of the purpose of the ship's artillery complex. A law of adaptive tracking control in analytical form and a method for its technical implementation are proposed to reduce the sensitivity of the tracking electro-hydraulic drive of an artillery complex to parametric disturbances arising during operation and leading to unwanted oscillations of the control object (weapon), which reduce its accuracy. The proposed adaptive law is based on the local optimization of the tracking error (mismatch) by the quadratic criterion relative to the reference process with the given properties. The structure of the controller that implements such a law of adaptive control coincides with the structure of a traditional PID controller, which directly indicates the way of its technical implementation. The introduction of an adaptive controller into the prototype tracking electro-hydraulic drive circuit reduces its sensitivity to parametric disturbances. At the same time, the initial structure of the drive does not change significantly and additional adjustments are not required. This is evidenced by the results of computer simulations performed in MATLAB & Simulink.
Evaluation of the efficiency of supply of material and technical resources to shipping companies
Authors: Цверов В.В. , Бугрова Е.Г. , Костров В.Н. , Коршунов Д.А.
Published: February 2021

В данной статье приведены результаты исследований авторов по оценки эффективности вариантов технологии и организации снабжения материально-техническими ресурсами судоходных компаний на внутреннем водном транспорте. В качестве оценочных показателей предлагается использовать логистические издержки, связанные со снабжением (затраты на закупку и доставку материально-технических ресурсов на суда, сокращение дохода вследствие снижения провозной способности флота из-за затрат времени на снабжение и снижения загрузки судов из-за хранения запасов материально-технических ресурсов), и ряд эксплуатационных показателей работы флота (валовая производительность, продолжи­тельность оборота, своевременность доставки и выдачи груза получателям, путевая скорость, эксплуатационная скорость судов, эксплуатационно-экономический показатель), которые зависят от оперативности снабжения.
Цель исследования заключалась в разработке методического подхода к оценке эффективности при моделировании систем снабжения материально-техническими ресурсами судоходных компаний на речном транспорте.

This article presents the results of the authors' research on evaluating the effectiveness of technology options and organizing the supply of material and technical resources to shipping companies on inland water transport. As the performance indicators it is proposed to use the logistic costs of supply (costs for the purchase and delivery of material and technical resources for the court, a reduction in income due to a decrease in the carrying capacity of the fleet because of the time supply and reduce load of vessels for storage of stocks of material and technical resources), and a number of operational indicators fleet (gross productivity, turnover duration, timeliness of delivery and delivery of cargo to the recipient, ground speed, operating speed vessels, operational and economic indicators), which depend on the efficiency of supply.
The purpose of the study was to develop a methodological approach to evaluating the effectiveness of modeling logistics systems for shipping companies on river transport.
Application of cyber-physical systems for safety training of personnel of the marine on-board simulator
Authors: Татаренков Д.А. , Рогозинский Г.Г. , Малыгин И.Г. , Богданов А.В.
Published: February 2021

В данной статье представлена улучшенная технология обучения персонала морских судов. Одной из особенностей этой технологии является применение виртуальной реальности для моделирования рабочего пространства персонала и нештатных ситуаций на рабочих местах. Рассматриваемая технология может быть использована для создания тренажеров морских судов с применением киберфизических систем. Отработка техники безопасности на море в безопасной среде возможна благодаря комбинированию методов рендеринга виртуального рабочего пространства и частичного воспроизведения элементов управления судна в виде интерфейсов взаимодействия обучаемого со средой виртуальной реальности тренажёра. Моделирование непредвиденных обстоятельств - простой и эффективный метод тренировки, когда у члена экипажа есть определенный запас времени. Для формирования пространства в виртуальной среде, как правило, используется метод трёхмерного моделирования объектов, что требует предварительные обмеры реальных объектов, создание технических чертежей. Этот процесс занимает большое количество времени и требует высококвалифицированный персонал для обработки материала и воссоздания помещений и предметов в виде 3D-моделей. Основная цель этой статьи - представить прототип технологии, с помощью которой можно синтезировать дополнительные ракурсы в виртуальной среде на основе реальных изображений и их карт глубины, что значительно сокращает время разработки модели корабля для создания его симулятора.

This article presents an improved process for training ship personnel. One of the features of this process is the use of virtual reality to simulate the workspace of personnel and emergency situations at workplaces. The process in question can be used to create simulators for sea vessels using cyber-physical systems. Practicing safety at sea in a safe environment is possible due to the combination of methods for rendering a virtual workspace and partial implementation of ship controls in the form of interfaces for interaction of a trainee with the virtual reality environment of the simulator. Simulation of contingencies is a simple and effective training method when the crew member has a certain amount of time. To form space in a virtual environment, as a rule, the method of three-dimensional modeling of facilities is used, which requires making preliminary measurements of real facilities, creating technical drawings. This process takes a lot of time and requires highly qualified personnel to process the material and recreate the premises and objects in the form of 3D models. The main goal of this article is to show a prototype of the process that can be used to synthesize additional perspectives in a virtual environment based on real images and their depth maps, which significantly reduces a development time for a ship model to create its simulator.
The Influence of Rewards and Work Motivation on the Performance of Allianz Insurance Agents in an Islamic Economic Perspective
Authors: Rachmawati Putri , Asriani  , Femci Purnamasari
Published: February 2021

A B S T R A C TInsurance is critical need for the community to prepare for what happens inthe future such as critical illness, accidents, pension funds and death. Theinsurance company appreciates the contribution made by the agent by providingrewards, be it in the form of financial, non-financial as well as in the form of otherbenefits. Rewarding has a positive purpose, but the problem is that giving rewardshas the opposite effect. Agents who only focus on the rewards they can get andonly give importance to this allows agents to tend to focus on the result withoutpaying attention to the behaviour and processes in it. This study aims todetermine the effect of reward and work motivation on agent performance in theLampung branch of Allianz Life Indonesia insurance. This research is anobservational study where primary data is obtained from interviews andquestionnaires, and secondary data is obtained from documentation data. Thepopulation in this study were 30 insurance agents, with consecutive samplingtechnique—data obtained by using a questionnaire to 30 agents. Interviews wereconducted with the Head of Agency and Business partners. Based on the resultsof this study, that reward has a significant effect on the performance of theinsurance agent Allianz and work motivation has a significant effect on theperformance of the insurance agent Allianz. Based on the principles of shari'ah,the principle of ta'awun (help each other), that is, insurance participants helpeach other (ta'awun) by collecting a grant called tabarru'.
Progressive pneumoperitoneum in giant bilateral inguinal hernia
Authors: Cabello Calle G , García Martínez MÁ , Gallart Aragón T , Romera López AL , Mirón Pozo B
Published: February 2021

Las hernias inguinales gigantes son un problema quirúrgico exigente, ya que en ocasiones la reintroducción del contenido herniario en la cavidad abdominal puede causar un aumento de la presión intraabdominal. Se han descrito varias técnicas que disminuyen este riesgo, entre ellas el neumoperitoneo progresivo que presentamos a continuación, así como el uso de toxina botulínica o la necesidad de resección visceral. Presentamos el caso de un paciente varón de 50 años con hernia inguinal bilateral gigante. Aplicamos el uso del neumoperitoneo progresivo en nuestro hospital y hernioplastia mediante un abordaje inguinal anterior y reparación según Rutkow-Robbins. Esta técnica hace posible el tratamiento exitoso de hernias inguinales gigantes sin necesidad de resección visceral.
Damage control surgery for the management of hepathic hematoma rupted secondary to hypertensive pregnancy disorder
Authors: Ordoñez J , Pedraza M , David G , Daniel G , Cabrera LF , Báez López DK
Published: February 2021

Los autores presentan un caso de hematoma subcapsular roto y del cuarto segmento del hígado en una mujer de 26 años, en la semana 36 del embarazo, complicada por preeclampsia. Los signos clínicos de preeclampsia se asociaron con dolor en el hipocondrio derecho y hallazgos de laboratorio compatibles con un verdadero síndrome HELLP. Se realizó una laparotomía de emergencia con rotura hepática y hemoperitoneo. Se realizó una cirugía de control de daños, con drenaje de hemoperitoneo, packing hepático y uso de una bolsa de Bogotá. El desempaque se realizó a las 24 horas y la colocación de la terapia de VAC asociada con la malla con el posterior cierre de la fascia dentro de los 10 días. Se presentan diferentes opciones terapéuticas que incluyen intervenciones médicas, quirúrgicas y radiológicas. No se puede definir una estrategia única. El enfoque multidisciplinario parece obligatorio. La cirugía debe permanecer lo menos agresiva posible.
Nutritional Status of Under-five Children in Northeast India: Effect of Household Socioeconomic Status
Authors: Wahengbam Bigyananda Meitei
Published: February 2021

Aim: The study is an attempt to understand the effect of household socioeconomic status on both acute and

chronic undernutrition in northeastern states of India.

Methods: The study used data from the National Family Health Survey (NFHS). Distribution analysis and

concentration index were used to examine the effect of household socioeconomic status on undernutrition.

The study population consists of 31,908 children under five years of age.

Results: The prevalence of stunting is decreasing significantly over time. While prevalence of wasting is

seen to be increasing in states like Arunachal Pradesh, Assam and Sikkim. As the socioeconomic status

of the household increases, the probability of both height-for-age and weight-for-height z-score less than

-2 standard deviation decreases significantly. The variation in the distribution of z-score decreases as the

household socioeconomic status increases. Similarly, the value of concentration index for all the eight

states irrespective of rural-urban place of residence are negative. Except for Sikkim, the concentration of

undernourished children is higher in a household with lower socioeconomic status in urban areas compare

to their counterparts in rural areas.

Conclusion: The study shows the disproportionate concentration of undernutrition among the household

with poorer socioeconomic status in northeast India. And the burden is higher in urban poor. Thus, an effort

to balancing the socioeconomic inequalities accompanying with improving the accessibility of services to

the poor is necessary for improving nutritional status for children under five years of age in northeast India.
Fluviokarst in the top of the Maastrichtian chalk at Rørdal, Northern Jutland, Denmark
Authors: Stenestad Erik
Published: February 2021

Construction work and planning operations in the second half of the 20th century in northern Jutland supplied important detail to the geological background for the topographic development of the Rørdal area, eastern Aalborg.

The inversion and uplift of the Sorgenfrei-Tornquist Zone in end-Cretaceous – Paleocene time initiated some 60 million years of erosion that removed the uppermost Cretaceous and Cenozoic deposits. Detailed mapping of the pre-Pleistocene chalk surface supplemented with aerial photographs, quarry sections and excavated sections document the existence of karst phenomena and demonstrate that fluviokarst processes played an important role in formation of the topography.

Live and palaeokarst features are supposed to be widespread in Danish limestone areas and the possible existence in a given area may be important in relation to areal planning, including raw materials extraction and water supply and protection.
PERLINDUNGAN HAK ASASI MANUSIA PEREMPUAN DAN ANAK YANG MENJADI KORBAN TRAFFICKING
Authors: Zarli Rizani
Published: February 2021

Sebenarnya perdagangan manusia bukanlah hal baru karena sejak zaman Nabi Yusuf masalah ini telah dikenal, namun baru beberapa tahun belakangan, masalah ini muncul ke permukaan dan menjadi masalah transnasional. Akhir-akhir ini muncul menjadi suatu masalah yang banyak diperdebatkan baik di tingkat regional maupun global dan dikatakan sebagai bentuk perbudakan masa kini serta melanggar HAM. Korbannya yang akhir-akhir ini muncul menjadi suatu masalah yang banyak diperdebatkan baik di tingkat regional maupun global dan dikatakan sebagai bentuk perbudakan masa kini serta melanggar HAM. Paling rentan yang menjadi korban adalah perempuan dan anak, oleh karena itu perlunya perlindungan hokum yang jelas bagi mereka yang menjadi korban.Kata kunci : HAM, Trafficking, Perempuan dan Anak