bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Research on the Design of Intelligent Obstacle Avoidance Car Model Based on Ultrasonic Wave
Authors: Zhu Yu , Han Zhe Xin , Sun Peng Kun , Wang Tian Hao , Gao Yin Han
Published: November 2013

Based on the characteristic of an ultrasonic sensor that can sense the external environment, we design an intelligent vehicle with obstacle avoidance function. First, we use MSP430 as the core of the design system. Second, we distribute the ultrasonic sensor evenly on the round zone of the obstacles to process the data and ambient temperature, which is transmitted from the ultrasonic receiver through the SCM (what is SCM, explain). Finally, we make it to realize the functions of intelligent controlling and avoiding obstacles automatically.
The Role of Bionic Modifications in Reducing Adhesion and Draft of Agricultural and Earthmoving Machinery
Authors: Qaisrani Rashid , Li Jian Qiao , Iqbal Mohammad
Published: November 2013

Soil adheres to the surfaces of soil engaging components of earthmoving machinery and equipment. It has been pbserved that up to 50% of energy may be consumed in overcoming adhesion and friction of soil to the surfaces of soil engaging components of agricultural and earthmoving machinery. Surface morphology, chemical composition, elasticity, lubrication mechanism and electric osmosis play significant roles in reducing adhesion, friction and energy consumption of various equipment. Some of these techniques have very limited application in the practical field conditions because of the time and amount of fluid required to achieve the desired results. Whereas other techniques are effective in reducing adhesion and friction and improving work quality of these machines and equipment. This paper analyses the forces including the drafts of conventional and bionic bulldozing blades operating under identical conditions using mathematical modelling. The force analysis showed that both adhesion and friction play major role in reducing drafts of earrthmoving machinery. It is also worth stating that both the surface morphology and the construction materials play important role in reducing adhesion and friction of ground eganging components of earthmoving machinery.
Design of the Lightweight Structure and its Mechanical Properties
Authors: Jiang Xiao Ting , Guo Ce , Cao Xiu Yan , Lu Zhen Yu
Published: November 2013

Based on the microstructure of the cross-section of the beetle's elytra, a kind of bio-inspiredlightweight structure was designed and made by the carbon fiber material. The compressive andshear mechanical properties of the lightweight structures were studied with finite element method.In addition, quasi-static compression experiments of the structure samples were carried out. Theexperimental results and the finite element analysis results were compared and analyzed, whichproved the effectiveness of the finite element analysis.
Design and Fabrication of One-Chip MEMS Microphone for the Hearing Impaired
Authors: Lee Young Hwa , Jung Young Do , Kwak Jun Hyuk , Hur Shin
Published: November 2013

A good designed MEMS microphone is very important for attaining good characteristics of sensitivity and frequency bandwidth with flat response. So we performed multi-physics finite element analysis that can predict an electro-mechanical behavior of MEMS microphone. Then we fabricated the well-designed MEMS microphone with using micromachining technique. The fabricated MEMS microphone was consisted with low stress poly-silicon membrane and electroplated back-plate. The simulation of sensitivity and frequency response of packaged MEMS microphone was carried out. The simulation results show the acoustic sensitivity of -40.91 dB and the cutoff frequency of 79.4 kHz, respectively.
Emotional Expression System Based on Expression Intensity Recognition and Affective Model
Authors: Wan Chuan , Tian Yan Tao
Published: November 2013

Affective computing is an indispensable aspect in harmonious human-computer interaction and artificial intelligence. Making computers have the ability of generating emotions is a challenging task of affective computing. Affective Computing and Artificial Psychology are new research fields that involve computer and emotions, they have the same key research aspect, affective modeling. The paper introduces the basic affective elements, and the representation of affections in a computer. And we will describe an emotion generation model for a multimodal virtual human. The relationship among the emotion, mood and personality are discussed, and the PAD emotion space is used to define the emotion and the mood. We obtain the strength information of each expression component through fuzzy recognition of facial expressions based on Ekman six expression classifications, and take this information as a signal motivating emotion under the intensity-based affective model. Finally, a 3D virtual Human head with facial expressions is designed to show the emotion generation outputs. Experimental results demonstrate that the emotion generation intensity-based model works effectively and meets the basic principle of human emotion generation.
Multi-Functional Optimization of Sandwich Panel with Bio-Inspired Lightweight Structure Cores
Authors: Lu Zhen Yu , Guo Ce , Zhu Chun Sheng , Dai Zhen Dong
Published: November 2013

The overall heat dissipation coefficients of the sandwich panels with bio-inspired lightweight composite cores were analyzed by using the effective medium model, Then the effective heat dissipation objective function of the panel was constructed. The author took advantage of the Latin hypercube sampling method to sample the experimental data and then to calculate it. On this basis, the static and dynamic mechanical objective functions of the panel were obtained by using the response surface method. Finally, the overall objective function was constructed and solved to achieve the target of multi-functional optimization.
A New Mobile Visual Search System Based on the Human Visual System
Authors: Zhao Bo , Zhao Hong Wei , Liu Ping Ping , Qin Gui He
Published: November 2013

We describe a novel mobile visual search system based on the saliencymechanism and sparse coding principle of the human visual system (HVS). In the featureextraction step, we first divide an image into different regions using thesaliency extraction algorithm. Then scale-invariant feature transform (SIFT)descriptors in all regions are extracted while regional identities arepreserved based on their various saliency levels. According to the sparsecoding principle in the HVS, we adopt a local neighbor preserving Hash functionto establish the binary sparse expression of the SIFT features. In the searchingstep, the nearest neighbors matched to the hashing codes are processed accordingto different saliency levels. Matching scores of images in the database arederived from the matching of hashing codes. Subsequently, the matching scoresof all levels are weighed by degrees of saliency to obtain the initial set of results. In order to further ensure matching accuracy, we propose an optimized retrieval scheme based on global texture information. We conduct extensive experiments on an actual mobile platform in large-scale datasets by using Corel-1000. The resultsshow that the proposed method outperforms the state-of-the-art algorithms on accuracyrate, and no significant increase in the running time of the feature extractionand retrieval can be observed.
Structural Integrity Analysis of Hole Shape and Location in Lotus Root
Authors: Wang Chang Jiang , Choon Jin Li , Kibble Kevin
Published: November 2013

Hole shapes and their locations in lotus roots were studied and presented in this paper. The finite element method was used to study the effect of several factors on the structural integrity of a lotus root-like component. The factors considered in this paper include hole shape, number, size and location. The analysis of different structures was carried out using ANSYS software and assuming a porosity of 20% for each case. Stress values, effects of each factor and interactions between factors are discussed in the paper. The results from the analysis showed that engineering component design can be inspired by the lotus root which has several holes of different shape and size.
A Gecko-Inspired Robot for Wind Power Tower Inspection
Authors: Gao Xue Shan , Shao Jie , Dai Fu Quan , Zong Cheng Guo , Guo Wen Zeng
Published: November 2013

In order to accomplish the task of wind power tower inspection, a heavy-loaded climbing robot inspired by geckos is presented in this paper. The robot not only imitates body’s functions of geckos but also shows a design method. Wind power tower is a conical wall surface and its smallest radius is less than 2m. There will be a great gap when a robot climbing on such wall with small radius. The extraordinary climbing ability of geckos is considered as a remarkable design of nature that is attributed to its soft body, its multi-degree-of-freedom legs, and its strong-adsorbed toes. Focus on the feature of working on such wall surface, gecko’s body, toes and legs are simplified as free joints, magnetic units and redundant tracks respectively, based on the functions of gecko’s limbs and body. The adaptability of the robot is tested by the experiments in laboratory. With the gecko-inspired structure, the robot can climb on the wall surface with minimum 2m in diameter in any direction.
A New Parameterised Feature-Based Generic 3D Human Face Model for Emotional Bio-Robots
Authors: Zhang Xu , Zhang Shu Jun , Hapeshi Kevin
Published: November 2013

To represent various human facial expressions is an essential requirement for emotional bio-robots. The human expressions can convey certain emotions for communications of human beings with some muscles positions and their movements. To design and develop emotional robots, it is necessary to build a generic 3D human face model. While the geometrical features of human faces are freeform surfaces with complex properties, it is the fundamental requirement for the model to have the ability of representing both primitive and freeform surfaces. This requirement makes the Non-rational Uniform B-Spline (NURBS) are suitable for 3D human face modelling. In this paper, a new parameterised feature based generic 3D human face model is proposed and implemented. Based on observation of human face anatomy, the authors define thirty-four NURBS curve features and twenty-one NURBS surface features to represent the human facial components, such as eyebrows, eyes, nose and mouth etc. These curve models and surface models can be used to simulate different facial expressions by manipulating the control points of those NURBS features. Unlike the existing individual based face modelling methods, this parameterised 3D face model also gives users the ability to use the model imitate any face appearances. In addition the potential applications of the new proposed 3D face model are also discussed. Besides emotional bio-robots, it is believed that the proposed model can also be applied in other fields such as aesthetic plastic surgery simulation, film and computer game characters creation, and criminal investigation and prevention.
A Robotic Swarm Searching Method for Unknown Environments Based on Foraging Behaviors
Authors: Li Shou Tao , Li Li Na , Lee Gordon
Published: November 2013

This paper proposes a novel method for a swarm of robots searching in an unknown environment. The approach focuses on the process of feeding and individual coordination characteristics that are inspired by the foraging behavior in nature. First, the searching area is divided into several sub-regions using a target utility function, from which each robot can identify an area that should be initially searched. Then, a predatory strategy is used for searching in the sub-regions; this hybrid approach integrates a random search technique with a dynamic particle swarm optimization (DPSO) search algorithm. If a robot cannot find any target information in the sub-region, it uses a global random search algorithm; if the robot finds any target information in the sub-region, the DPSO search algorithm is used for a local search. The particle swarm optimization search algorithm is dynamic as all the parameters in the algorithm are refreshed synchronously through a communication mechanism as the searching progresses until the robots find the target position. Then, the robots fall back to a random searching mode and continue to search for other places that were not searched previously. In this searching strategy, the robots alternate between two searching algorithms until the whole sub-area is covered. During the searching process, the robots use a local communication mechanism to share map information and the DPSO parameters to reduce the communication burden and overcome hardware limitations.
Bionic Methods for Quadruped Robot Design and Control
Authors: Cai Run Bin , Wei Qing , Ma Hong Xu
Published: November 2013

Bionics has greatly improved the development of quadruped robot, in the paper we propose three bionic methods for the quadruped robot. These methods have been used for control method design, gait design and control architecture design. The quadruped robot control method has been divided into two parts, because the four-legged animals change their trot speed by adjustment of step length in swing phase and maintain their balance in support phase; control architecture is derived from the four-legged animals nerve system; gait of quadruped robot is based on event driven, and its trot gait is the same as German shepherd. Simulations and experiments are performed, which prove bionics design to be realizable for the quadruped robot.
Modeling and Control of Passive Dynamic Walking Robot with Humanoid Gait
Authors: Zhu Zhen Chao , Sui Zhen , Tian Yan Tao , Jiang Hong
Published: November 2013

Considering the sagittal movement and the lateral swing in the humanoid practical walking, a new humanoid passive dynamic bipedal robot with the lateral movable upper body is proposed in this paper. The finite state machine (FSM) theory is adopted to control the robot, which changes agilely the control strategy according to the practical states of the humanoid gait. In the method, the torque compensation adaptive excitation control strategy is used for sagittal control and PID is applied to the upper body for the robots lateral stability. It is verified by the co-simulation based on ADAMS and MATLAB that the bipedal robot can reach the stable humanoid gait with the high energy efficiency.
The Analysis Model of Torsion Behavior for Octopus-Inspired Robotic Arm
Authors: Sun Heng Hui , Zhao Ai Wu , Zhang Mao Feng , Li Da , Wang Da Peng , Zhu Li Kai , Tao Mei
Published: November 2013

Abstract. Octopus can achieve a variety of dexterous movements at any point along its arm, such as elongating, shorting, bending, twisting, or changing the stiffness, which have been considered as an interesting model of inspiration in robotics. Among the complex behaviors, the torsion behavior is important because it provide extra degree of freedom of movement, like twisting. This paper proposed a detailed dynamic model that describes the torsion behavior of octopus arm, based on torsional vibration theory. The initial conditions and boundary conditions that explained the main features of the torsion behaviors of octopus arm are acknowledged. The mode shapes, which describe the torsional vibration frequency and type, were solved as the sum of the time and the distance from the fixed end to where the deformation happened. By comparing the mode shapes results solved by the method proposed in this paper and by FEA Soft ANSYS, the effectiveness of this method has been verified. Further torsional stresses and torsion angles of deformation and vibrations on rod can be expressed as the functions of the mode shapes and the external torque exerted on one end of the rod. This method can be applied to calculate the kinematics results of the torsion behaviors and the appropriate activations related for continuum robotic manipulators inspired by octopus arm.
Thrust Force Modeling of the Flagella-Like Swimming Micro-Robot
Authors: Wang Ling , Chen Bai , Wang Peng , Chen Sun , Zhu Qian Yun , Li Ya Juan
Published: November 2013

In this paper, helix tails with rectangular cross-section were designed for propelling a kind of flagella-like swimming robot. CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) software was applied to analyze the major influencing factors of the robots mechanical properties. It is revealed that the thrust reaches the maximum when the helix tails cross-section width is 0.36 times the diameter. Meanwhile, the helix tails should be designed according to the requirements with the largest diameter, close to but less than 45° helix angle and multi-turns under the limitation of the workspace. Combining these simulation data with the derivation process of Resistive Force Theory, the models for the mechanical properties simulation of the swimming robot were revised, and the explicit empirical formula of propulsive force is obtained. This model lays a good foundation for the robots motion control as well as unified mathematical description for macro-scale and micro-scale robots.
Preliminary Study on Self-Sensing Method for Ion-Conductive Polymer Metal Composite (IPMC) Actuator Based on Current Detection
Authors: Li Shang Rong , Dai Zhen Dong , Yu Min
Published: November 2013

This paper presents a preliminary idea for sensing the deformation of ion-conductive polymer metal composite (IPMC) actuator based on current detection. This method is based on the principle that the impedance of the IPMC actuator is correlated to its bending curvature. Experimental results on the relationship between actuating voltage, current and deformation are presented. It is shown that there are phase differences among these three variables. And it is further shown that within a certain range of deformation, there is a correlation between the impedance and the deformation. The findings suggest it is possible to design a novel way to detect the output feedback of IPMC actuator.
Self-Noise Analysis of Four-Electrode Microflow-Electrochemical Accelerometer Inspired by Hemodynamic Model
Authors: Zhou Qiu Zhan , Li Da Yi , Wang Yu Jiang
Published: November 2013

A fluid dynamics model of electrolyte in mircroflow inspired by hemodynamic model of aortic is proposed and applied in the self-noise analysis of four-electrode microflow-electrochemical accelerometer. Three-dimensional finite element model is established and invested through numerical simulation, the variety of geometrical parameters on different location of electrode and varied time are considered, which can affect the microflow-electrochemical accelerometers self-noise. The result of numerical simulation indicates that, self-noise is related to electrode configuration as well as electrode geometrical parameters. In particular, convection-induced self-noise is correlated to variety of viscosity, and thermohydrodynamic self-noise is correlated to variety of diameter. Such a fluid dynamics model of electrolyte inspired by thermodynamics model can be also used for optimization of the self-noise.
Hydraulic System Design Research Based on Green Design
Authors: Ha Lan Tao
Published: November 2013

This paper introduces the concept of green design, green design principles and strategies in the design of the hydraulic system are discussed, so as to realize the optimization of environment protection and resource utilization.
Implementation of ESD Protection for Output Driver ICs with SCR Circuits Techniques
Authors: Chen Shen Li , Fran Der Ann
Published: November 2013

In this paper, an output driver which drove a large current in DC brushless fan ICs was taken for the HBM ESD stress. The protection circuits of this IC were also designed to improve ESD robustness by various layout parameters and structures. From the ESD testing results, it was found that the positive Pad-to-VSS (PS) zapping mode was weakest for the output driver of DC brushless fan ICs during ESD stress. Eventually, protection circuits with a complementary low-voltage-triggered SCR (LVTSCR) were used to protect the whole-chip ESD stress. After a systematic improvement, an SCR structure of adding protection circuits can effectively protect the whole-chip ESD reliability, as compared with the original DUT; the ESD failure threshold (VESD) of PS mode is increased 314% in a best structure when an LVTSCR with the drain-tap S space is 4μm.
Comparison between Rankine Cycle and Trilateral Cycle in Binary System for Power Generation
Authors: Oreijah Mowffaq , Date Abhijit , Akbarzadaha Aliakbar
Published: November 2013

An experimental validation on laboratory scale has been conducted to investigate and to compare two thermodynamic cycles, Trilateral Flash Cycle (TFC) and Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC). The research covers the heat engine utilizing a hydrothermal resource to compare the performance of TFC and ORC. This research would help to analysis the thermal efficiency and power efficiency for both cycles. TFC shows a higher power production than in ORC for the same applied parameters. ORC, however, can be operated at lower rotational speed than for TFC. This project could help, also, to evaluate the current two phase screw expander for both cycles. It is concluded to propose a larger heat exchanger for TFC as the heat recovery can be more reliable in this cycle than in ORC. This research can be applied to generate electrical power from hydrothermal resources such as geothermal energy and solar thermal.
Heat Transfer Enhancement Using Ultrasonic Waves in Presence of Liquid: A Basic Research for Cooling Electronic
Authors: Baffigi F. , Bartoli C.
Published: November 2013

This work collects the experimental results obtained in the Thermal Fluid Dynamics Lab at the Department of Energy, Systems, Land and Constructions Engineering at the University of Pisa, concerning a basic physics research on the influence of ultrasounds in single phase free convection and in subcooled boiling, at atmospheric pressure. The ultrasounds are applied at the set frequency of 40 kHz, with a transducer output changing from 300 to 500W, on a circular horizontal cylinder heated by Joule effect, immersed in distilled water. The tests in single phase free convection, without ultrasonic waves, are validated by means of the classical correlations reported in literature, but they do not produce distinctive augmentation of the heat transfer. The enhancement of the heat transfer coefficient is maximum in subcooled boiling conditions (about 57%). In this regime a detailed investigation was performed to optimize the variables involved, such as the ultrasound generator power, the position of the cylinder and, especially, the subcooling degree. This paper, makes clear systematically the effects of ultrasounds on the heat transfer and shows as they could be very useful as cooling system for the last generation electronic components.
Rapid and High-Efficient Composting Process of Municipal Sewage Surplus Sludge
Authors: Huang Chong Hao , Zhang Yong , Luo Jun Hong
Published: November 2013

This thesis is based on the target of the sludge which was dehydrated and percolated by sewage treatment plant. It conducts the feasibility analysis for the agricultural usage of sludge in cities, and carries out composting experiment of dehydrated and filtered sludge which lasts for about fifteen days. This thesis also does some research on the techniques of composting and parameters of sludge. This thesis has some researches on the temperature of sludge, moisture, organic matter, pH, total phosphorus content of nitrogen, heavy metals content and forms, the germination rate index (GI), and other changes during the process of composting. The results show that, after the composting, there has a significant decline in moisture content of the sludge and the organic matters; pH remains neutral; nitrogen has declined; total phosphorus increased. Composting can make majority of heavy metals reduced which was absorbed by the plant that means the decline of unstable heavy metal content. After the composting, germinations rate index (GI) is more than 50 percent, which shows that the composting products have no toxicity and indicates the maturity of composting. Through the analysis of the organic matter of the sludge plant, PH, plant nutrients (N, P,) content, heavy metal content and its forms of distribution and germination rate index (GI), it shows that the sludge of this plant has a good agricultural prospect.
Experimental and Numerical Simulation of Absorbing Property of Cement-Based Material Blending with Graphite and Carbon Fibers
Authors: Wang Bo , Zhang Yong , Chen Rong Jun
Published: November 2013

The absorbing performance have been tested and analyzed by taking cement as matrix, blending material graphite and carbon fibers for absorbing agent trial Sample, in the 8 ~ 18 GHz frequency band, the results indicate that graphite and carbon fibers and composite cement which made of absorbing material has good absorbing property. Blending material absorbing properties of cement-based materials, the impact must be considered together, not the more the better, when blending material exceeding a certain threshold, enhance its ability of wave-transparent enhance while absorbing property will be reduced finally. By using ANSYS software for computer simulation of the specimen to test experimental data and found the computer simulation algorithm not only can verify the correctness of the conclusion but also auxiliary correction deviation appeared in the course of the real data and the error value.
The Influence Analysis Model about the Pricing of Carbon Emission Right on China's Generation Right Replacement
Authors: Tan Zhong Fu , Hu Qing Hui , Lin Li Qiong , Ju Li Wei , Chen Zhi Hong
Published: November 2013

China has become the worlds largest emitter in carbon dioxide. Power generation enterprises are the concentrated source of carbon dioxide emission. As the core mechanism in carbon trading market, price mechanism influences the markets function a lot. This paper analyses the initial carbon emission price mechanism and the forming mechanism and influence factors and puts forward the design scheme to implement carbon emission right price mechanism. Finally it makes suggestion to perfect the price control mechanism. The conclusion shows that the initial carbon dioxide emission right price control is beneficial to control and reduce the carbon dioxide emission from generation enterprise.
An Electrical-Performance Test Method for Test Handler
Authors: Chao Yuan , Zhang Zhi Sheng , Dai Min
Published: November 2013

Electrical-performance test (hereafter referred to as E-test) has always been one of the difficulties in final testing procedures for semiconductor. The accuracy, rapidity and generality are difficult to achieve in the E-test. This paper proposes a test method based on the characteristics of the E-test workstation of test handler for semiconductor, in which the whole test procedure is divided into two terminals: the control and the test terminal. The control terminal is integrated into the control system of test handler, while the test terminal is independently designed with generality for different semiconductor products. To achieve an ideal performance, the parallel work trait of E-test in this method is discussed. Finally, the method has been successfully implemented on the test handler for semiconductor in actual production.
Research on INS-Aided GNSS Carrier Tracking Loop in High Dynamic Circumstance
Authors: Wang Xin Long , Li Chuan Jun , Li Xing Cheng
Published: November 2013

GNSS receiver will produce a large Doppler shift in high dynamic environment, thus causing lock-lose of the tracking loop. INS-aided GNSS tightly coupled system can improve tracking performance in high dynamic environment by introducing the Doppler information estimated by INS. Through analyzing by the theory of closed loop control system theory and numerical simulation of the INS-aided carrier tracking loop, the results show that INS-aided carrier tracking loop can obviously improve the stability of carrier tracking performance and anti-jamming ability of the satellite navigation receiver in high dynamic circumstance.
Stochastic Error Modeling of MEMS Inertial Sensor with Implementation to GPS-Aided INU System for UAV Motion Sensing
Authors: Lim Chot Hun , Lim Tien Sze , Koo Voon Chet
Published: November 2013

The resided stochastic error in Micro-Electro-Mechanical-System (MEMS) Strapdown Inertial Navigation Unit (INU) had caused the instrument not being able to operate as a standalone device for navigation applications. The conventional Global Positioning System (GPS)-aided strapdown INU system is commonly adopted to tackle such issue. Note that the estimation accuracy of such system depends on how precise the modeling of the stochastic error. In this paper, a comprehensive stochastic error modeling through three distinct approaches, namely the Gauss-Markov (GM) modeling, the Allan Variance (AV) analysis, and the Autoregressive (AR) modeling, are presented. The analysis shows that AR model achieved better modeling accuracy than the other two approaches. Next, the modeled stochastic errors were implemented on a GPS-aided strapdown INU system for UAV airplane's motion sensing, and the results shown that AR model achieved lower RMSE than the GM model, indicating that AR model is more suitable than GM model in representing the stochastic error model of MEMS strapdown INU.
A Smart Skin Antenna Structure for Global Navigation Satellite System
Authors: Xie Zong Hong , Peng Fei , Zhang Peng , Zhao Wei
Published: November 2013

This paper introduces the research work on the development of a Smart Skin Antenna Structure (SSAS) for Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) by embedding a navigation antenna with working frequency from 1.2GHz to 1.6GHz into a composite sandwich structure. The structure possesses the load-bearing, shape maintaining and navigation capabilities at the same time. Numerical models have been generated to design and evaluate the EM property of this multifunctional structure. Specimens have been manufactured and tested. The test data show relatively good correlation to the numerical results.
Design of Automatic Control Simulation Experiment System Based on Visual C++
Authors: Chen Yu Ke , Ma Yu Long , Bai Yang
Published: November 2013

This paper which discusses the implementation issues of automatic control simulation experiment system that based on Visual C++ and Matlab interface, analyzes different implementation ways and characteristics of Visual C++ and Matlab interface, and studies the design of system software, points out the problems encountered under the process of the development.
Downlink Outage Probability Analysis of D-MIMO Systems over a Composite Channel
Authors: Wang Li , Li Yue Heng , Peng Wen Jie , Ju Mei Yan , Tan Guo Ping , Huang Ping
Published: November 2013

This paper concerns with the analysis of the downlink outage probability of D-MIMO systems over a composite channel. Firstly, a composite fading channel is established by integrating Nakagami-m fading, shadowing and path loss; next, a step-decreased mobile station (MS) distribution is proposed, which is more suitable for a real communication environment due to its varying-parameter property in probability density function (PDF); then, an approximate closed-form formula for downlink outage probability with arbitrary MS distribution is deduced by using several mathematical methods; finally, by taking the proposed MS distribution model into account, the derived downlink outage probability expression is further verified by computer simulation results.
Research of In Situ Grafted Carbon Black
Authors: Fu Wen , Liu An Hua , Wang Li
Published: November 2013

The method of liquid phase oxidation was adopted to prepare grafted carbon black (GCB). The structures of GCB were investigated with FT-IR. The particle size and polydispersity of GCB were researched by nanoparticle size analyzer. The dispersion stability of GCB was determined by the visible light spectrophotometer. The results showed that the graft modification was an effective method for improving the dispersion stability of carbon black (CB) in both polar and non-polar solution.
The Construction and Management of Technology Innovation Base on College Students
Authors: Wang Kai Bao , Li Jian Yong , Zhang Yao Juan , Chen Xue , Wang Bo
Published: November 2013

It is important and necessary for the colleges and universities to cultivate the consciousness of science and technology innovation and improve the creativities of undergraduates according to the training objectives of the innovative ability of outstanding innovative talents. The construction of the college students science and technology innovation base was introduced mainly, including science and technology innovation base management and operation mechanism, the content and incentive system. The organic combination of the teaching in class and extracurricular was realized in the college students science and technology innovation base. The innovation base played an important role in cultivating and improving college students' science and technology innovation practice ability. The young college teachers produced irreplaceable function in the cultivation of creative personnel. With the operation mode that the science and technology innovation practice ability of college students was improved obviously, the good atmosphere of scientific research and teaching was formed, the student cultivation quality was improved obviously, the study ethos was improved obviously.
Influence of Ge and Si Doping on the Microstructure and Dielectric Properties of Barium Titanate Ceramics
Authors: Shen Zhen Jiang , Bing Li Na , Peng Hong Yan , Gong Shao Hua , Wu Wei
Published: November 2013

GeO2 has been doped solely and together with SiO2 into barium titanate ceramics by mixing and calcination. The microstructure and dielectric properties of doped BaTiO3 have been characterized. When doped in BaTiO3, Ge4+ ion could incorporated into the crystal lattice of BaTiO3 to occupied Ti4+ sites. For relative smaller Ge4+ ion, the tetragonal phase could be enhanced. As dielectric properties have strong relation to tetragonal phase. The relative permittivity could be increased in this mechanism. However, the high leakage current which induced by more ionic defect was also lead to high dielectric loss. Besides, the assemble in grain boundary by Ge4+ ion may also have effect. Results on the GeO2-SiO2 co-doped sample showed that the mechanisms of Ge doping and Si doing could happen at one time.
Research on the Huxiang Culture Elements Applied in the Smoked Bamboo Furniture Design
Authors: Zhao Jie , Li Zhe , Zhao Pei , Zhang Zhong Feng
Published: November 2013

The green environmental protection furniture products with local characteristics are increasingly attached attention.Smoked bamboo, a kind of new green material, has the potential to make furniture, and the Huxiang Culture which is rich in human and unique in its own region. The combination of these two can create new furniture. Based on design material of Smoked Bamboo, it researched how to apply Huxiang Culture elements into the design of Smoked Bamboo furniture to create new furniture with flavor of Huxiang regional culture from the three aspects of Xiangxi tujia brocade, Mawangdui lacquer ware and Xiangxi Diaojiao building. This Research in this field can vary the species of furniture products to meet the people's different needs and offer reference for other regional characteristic culture elements applied in furniture design.
Magnetic Property of Hole-Doped Double Perovskite Compound
Authors: Yuan Suo Jia , Zhang Qin , Sun Hai Bo , Wang Hui
Published: November 2013

Crystal structure and magnetic properties of hole-doped double perovskite compounds (Sr, Na)2FeMoO6 have been investigated by means of X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) and magnetic measurements. XRD pattern indicates that all the samples are of single phase and belong to the space group I4/m. The degree of cation ordering in the Na-doped Sr2FeMoO6 compounds shows a non-monotonic variation with the doping level, increasing from x=0 to x=0.03 and decreasing slightly with further increase of the doping. However, the Curie temperature of the compound decreases at low doping level and increases at high doping level.
Fabrication of NiO Nanorings by Bubble-Bursting Bubbles as Templates
Authors: Guo Yun Feng , Feng Zhi Hua , Yuan Zhi Hao
Published: November 2013

A simple and low-cost method based on a heat-treating of Ni (NO3)2/SiO2film has been developed for fabricating NiO nanorings. The as-prepared nanorings have an inner diameter of 150-250nm and an average wall thickness (namely wire diameter) of approximately 20 nm on the surface of SiO2matrix. Furthermore, a growth mechanism, namely bubble-bursting bubbles as templates was tentatively proposed for understanding the formation of the NiO nanorings.
Transmittance Characteristics of ITO/SiO2/Nb2O5 Multi-Layered Film
Authors: Kwon Yong An , Jang Gun Eik
Published: November 2013

This paper presents the results of optical characteristics of ITO thin film with different buffer layer thicknesses of SiO2and Nb2O5for touch sensor application. SiO2and Nb2O5buffer layers were deposited by using RF/DC magnetron sputtering equipment. Buffer layers were inserted between Glass and ITO layer. In order to compare with experimental results, Essential Macleod Program (EMP) was adopted. Based on EMP simulation, [Nb2O5/SiO2/ITO] multi-layered thin film exhibited a high transmittance more than 85% in the visible region. The actual experimental results also showed transmittance more than 85% in the visible region, indicating the simulated results were well matched with experimental ones. The sheet resistance of ITO based film was about 300ohm/sq..
Electrical and Structural Properties of Multioriented Thin Film PZT Deposited at Room Temperature by RF-PVD
Authors: Mahdi Mohammed , Kadri Mohammed
Published: November 2013

As PZT target are prepared from solid solution method. The perovskit phase evolution is investigated in this paper by DRX at different temperatures in order to show crystallization, morphology and structure of lead zirconate ceramics (PZT) target. Samples were deposited at room temperature on Aluminum (Al) and silicon (Si) substrates, and then heat-treated in a tabular furnace at 200 and 400°C during 30 min under atmospheric pressure. The films characterization were done glancing incidences X-ray diffraction (GIXRD) analysis with Fe Kα radiation (l=1.936Å ) at glancing angle of 1.5°for crystallographic characteristics; and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM-Zeiss ultra plus) in Ultra-High resolution imaging to observe surfaces morphology and cross-sections of thin films.We present in this paper a x-ray diffraction analysis, showing that as-deposited PZT films depend strongly on substrate nature, it presents an amorphous structure and nanocrystallizes in a pure perovskite phase PbZr0.44Ti0.56O3 when it was deposited on Al substrate (followed by thermal treatement at 400°C).Ferroelectrics and piezoelectric properties are showed using Sawyer Tower circuit and impulsionel test respectively.
Effect of Catalysts on the Properties of Fluorinated Polyurethanes
Authors: Li Zan , Wang Xia , Li Ying , Chain Wei , Hu Jiao Jiao
Published: November 2013

Fluorinated polyurethanes (FPU) was prepared using fluorinated polyether polyol (FPO) as the soft segment, 4,4`-diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI) as the hard segment, 1,4-butanodiol (BDO) as the chain extender and catalysts. Tin metal catalysts were used to catalyze the polyurethane reaction of polyether polyols and isocyanate. The effect of different catalysts including stannous octoate (T-9) and dibutyltindalautrate (DBTDL) on the structure, surface properties and thermal properties of FPU was studied. The structural elucidation of the synthesized FPU was performed by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) and discovered that with decreasing catalyst efficiency or without catalyst, the strength of hydrogen bounds were enhanced. The FPU films surface was characterized by contact angle (CA) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) and it was found that the phase separation was increasing with increasing catalyst efficiency. The thermal property was exhibited by Thermo gravimetric (TG) and showed that joining catalyst improved stability significantly.
Bioreduction of Hexavalent Chromium by Bacillus cereus Isolated from Chromite Mine Overburden Soil
Authors: Srivastava Nidhi , Dhal Biswaranjan , Abhilash  , Pandey Banshi Dhar
Published: November 2013

The presence of soluble Cr(VI) particularly in the overburden soil samples of the chromite mines area is about 300-500mg Cr(VI)/kg. The level of Cr(VI) in final effluents needs to be reduced to the permissible limit <0.05mg/L (USEPA) using appropriate technology before it is discharged into the soil. Out of 12 bacterial isolates from the mine samples, CSB-9 was proven effective in reducing hexavalent chromium to its trivalent form with its inherent ability to survive proficiently in 200ppm Cr(VI). The isolate, confirmed to beBacillus cereus, was characterised as gram-positive and capsule forming with the optimum growth at pH 7.0 and 35°C. The process of bioreduction of Cr(VI) usingB. cereuswas optimized with various parameters, viz., pH, initial concentration, dosage of adsorbent, temperature. The bacterium gave 90% reduction from 100ppm Cr(VI) aqueous feed in 120h at pH 7.0, 35°C using 1% (v/v) cells/mL.
Performance Analysis of a Solar Collector Using Nanofluids
Authors: Alim Mohammad Abdul , Saidur Rahman , Khairul Mohammad Alam , Rahim Nasrudin A. , Abdin Zainul
Published: November 2013

The Efficiency of Energy and Exergy is Generally Used as the Mostimportant Parameter in Order to Introduce and Compare the Thermal Systems Offlat Plate Solar Collectors. the First Law of Thermodynamics is Not Solelycapable of Demonstrating Quantitative and Qualitative Performance of Suchsystems, so the Second Law is Required to Illustrate the Performances. in Thispaper, an Analysis was Done for Heat Transfer Performance and Exergy Efficiencyof Flat Plate Solar Collectors Using Four Types of Nanofluids, e.g. Zno/water,CeO2/water, Nio and Coo/water. these Nanofluids were Used Withdifferent Nanoparticle Volume Fractions in the Range of 1% to 4%. Besides this,the Present Work also Focuses on the Performance of Solar Collector Withdifferent Volume Flow Rates. Investigation Consequences are also Compared Withthe Presently Available Literature for Conventional Solar Collectors. Thehighest Heat Transfer Performance and Exergy Efficiency were Obtained for CeO2/waternanofluid among all Nanofluids. Nio/water and Coo/water Nanofluids Representalmost same Performance but Higher than Water. the Results Reveal that, CeO2/waternanofluid Indicates Maximum Heat Transfer with Maximum Exergy.
Simulation Study on the Production of Nano-Sized Materials at Mixing Stage
Authors: Srivalli Chellvarajoo , Abdullah Mohd Zulkifly , Khor Chu Yee , Abdul Aziz Mohd Sharizal , Che Ani Fakhrozi
Published: November 2013

There is a growing interest in unique-sized nanomaterials in numerous engineering applications due to their properties such as a very high surface area to volume ratio and effect of quantum confinement. The aim of this paper is to investigate the fluid flow profile at various levels reaction time in the mixing stage during the process of production nanosized materials using an effective numerical approach. Therefore, virtual modelling techniques were employed to model the internal flow in the mixing stage. Pre-processor software, GAMBIT 2.4 was used to create the mixer model and generate the meshes. Then, the model was exported to FLUENT 6.3.26 for further fluid flow analysis. A maximum pressure of 300 bars was applied to produce nanosized material in the mixer. The simulation results revealed that the inlet pressure yielded the great impacts on the production of nanosized material. The effects of inlet pressure on different reaction time significantly influence the flow behaviour as clearly showed in the simulation result. Thus, this study is expected to provide valuable guidelines to any nanoscale industries during production process and further analysis were needed in this field of study.
Growth of High-Quality (111) Oriented Cuprous Oxide Thin Films Oxidized in Water Vapor
Authors: Liang Jian Bo , Li Xu Yang , Kishi Naoki , Soga Tetsuo
Published: November 2013

High quality cuprous oxide thin films with large grain size were grown by thermal oxidation of copper foil in water vapor with N2 gas. It was found that in water vapor (111) oriented Cu2O is preferentially formed, whereas mixtures of random oriented CuO and Cu2O are formed when oxidized in air. The effects of the film oxidation method and heating temperature are investigated. In addition, the optical band gaps of cuprous oxide thin films have been determined by measuring the transmittance and reflectance spectra.
Effects of Cu and K Promoters on the Catalytic Performance of Iron-Based Nanocatalyst for Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis
Authors: Tasfy Sara Faiz Hanna , Mohd Zabidi Noor Asmawati , Subbarao Duvvuri
Published: November 2013

Iron-based nanocatalyst was prepared via impregnation method on SiO2 support. The effects of promoters, namely, K and Cu, on the physical properties and catalytic performance in FTS have been investigated. The FTS performance of the synthesized nanocatalysts was examined in a fixed-bed microreactor at temperature of 523K, atmospheric pressure, 1.5 reactant ratio (H2/CO) and space velocity of 3L/g-cat.h. In FTS reaction, Cu promoter resulted in a lower CO conversion and C5+ hydrocarbons selectivity but higher selectivity to the lighter hydrocarbons (C1-C4) comparedto those obtained using the K promoter. Higher CO conversion (28.9%) and C5+ hydrocarbons selectivity (54.4%) were obtained using K as a promoter compared to that of Cu promoter. However, the K-promoted nanocatalyst resulted in a lower CO conversion but higher selectivity of the heavy hydrocarbons (C5+) compared to those obtained using the un-promoted nanocatalyst.
Synthesis of Bi1.6Pb0.4Sr2Ca2Cu3O10+δ-(Dy2O3)x Added with Magnetic Nanoparticles Dy2O3 Dysprosium Oxide (0.0≤x≤0.1) via Co-Precipitation Method
Authors: Suib Nurul Raihan Mohd , Mahmud Puteri Noor Safura Megat , Yahya Syed Yusainee Syed , Md. Jusoh Masnita , Hamadneh Imad
Published: November 2013

Superconducting study present the properties of small weight percent of magnetic nanoparticles Dy2O3 from x = 0.0 to 0.10 added in Bi1.6Pb0.4Sr2Ca2Cu3O10+δ (Dy2O3)x. It is found, the form size of magnetic nanoparticles Dy2O3 is spherical, nano Dy2O3 particles will enter easily into the Bi, Pb-2223 superconductor. From here it is early to conclude the inducing of Dy atoms into the Bi, Pb-2223 crystal structure because Bi-based superconductors are known for their strong anistropic properties and extremely short coherence length (ξ) as long there are significant change in it microstructure, lattice parameter and the normal state conductivity of the system. The characterization on critical temperature (Tc) and transport critical current density (Jc) of magnetic nanoparticles Dy2O3 added to enhance the optimum amount levels added. The maximum Tc achieved Tc-(R=0) 109 K (for x = 0.4) as samples respectively compared to the pure samples. This results will discussed directly to the basis properties changes in Bi, Pb-2223 with addition of magnetic nanoparticles of Dy2O3.
The State of the Arts: Simulation of Nanostructures Using COMSOL Multiphysics
Authors: Wesam Al-Mufti M. , Hashim U. , Adam Tijjani
Published: November 2013

Currently, Computer simulation has become an essential part of nanotechnology and engineering and science. Digital analysis of components, in particular, is important when developing new products or optimizing designs. Today a broad spectrum of options for simulation is available; researchers use everything from basic programming languages to various high-level packages implementing advanced methods. Though each of these techniques has its own unique attributes, they all share a common concern. Hence, the paper present a COMSOL simulation on nanostructures, the past and recent development nanostructures design and simulation for nanogap, nonporous, nanowires and carbon Nanotube.
Keywords; Nanostructures. COMSOL Multiphysics, Nanowire, Nanogap, Nanotechnology.