bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dietary patterns during pregnancy in relation to maternal dietary intake: The Mutaba’ah Study
Authors: Almulla Aisha A. , Augustin Hanna , Ahmed Luai A. , Bärebring Linnea
Published: October 2024

Aim

To relate adherence to healthy dietary patterns, evaluated by different dietary indices, to the intake of nutrients and food groups among pregnant women in the United Arab Emirates.

Methods

The analyses included 1122 pregnant women from the Mutaba’ah Study. Dietary intake was assessed using a semi-quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire. Adherence to three dietary pattern indices was assessed; Alternate Healthy Eating Index for Pregnancy (AHEI-P), Alternate Mediterranean Diet (aMED) and Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH). Associations between adherence (score >median) to the three dietary indices and intake of nutrients and food groups were analyzed using logistic regression analysis.

Results

Women with higher intake of polyunsaturated fatty acids, fiber, vegetables, fruits, legumes, and nuts and lower intake of saturated fatty acids, red meat, and sweetened beverages had significantly higher odds of adherence to all three dietary patterns (p<0.05). Associations between intakes of nutrients and food groups with odds of adherence to the dietary patterns differed for total fat (only with AHEI-P, [odds ratio [OR]: 0.96; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.94–0.98]) and monounsaturated fatty acids (only with aMED, [OR: 1.06; 95% CI: 1.02–1.10]), dairy (with AHEI-P [OR: 0.89; 95% CI: 0.84–0.95] and aMED [OR: 0.86; 95% CI: 0.81–0.91], and with DASH [OR: 1.10; 95% CI: 1.04–1.17]), whole grain (only with aMED [OR: 2.19; 95% CI: 1.61–2.99] and DASH [OR: 4.27; 95% CI: 3.04–5.99]) and fish (with AHEI-P [OR: 1.36; 95% CI: 1.02–1.80] and aMED [OR: 1.79; 95% CI: 1.35–2.38], and with DASH [OR: 0.67; 95% CI: 0.52–0.86]).

Conclusion

Adherence to the three dietary pattern indices was generally associated with a favorable intake of nutrients and food groups. However, the indices captured slightly different aspects of dietary intake. These results show that dietary indices that assess adherence to healthy dietary patterns cannot be used interchangeably.
Adverse events analysis of Relugolix (Orgovyx®) for prostate cancer based on the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS)
Authors: Li Ruibo , Chen Xi , Wang Yujie
Published: October 2024

Background

Due to the limitations of clinical trials, some delayed and rare adverse events (AEs) may remain undetected, and safety information can be supplemented through post-market data analysis. This study aims to comprehensively analyze the AEs associated with Relugolix (Orgovyx®) using data from the FAERS database, and gain a better understanding of the potential risks and side effects of Relugolix (Orgovyx®) therapy.

Methods

Data of Relugolix (Orgovyx®) were collected from the FAERS database covering the period from the fourth quarter of 2020 to the third quarter of 2023. Disproportionality analysis was performed by calculating the reporting odds ratios (ROR), proportional reporting ratio (PRR), Bayesian analysis confidence propagation neural network (BCPNN), and the multi-item gamma Poisson shrinker (MGPS) to detect positive signals.

Results

Totally, 5,382,189 reports were collected from the FAERS database, 4,397 reports of Relugolix (Orgovyx®) were identified as the ‘primary suspected (PS)’ AEs. Relugolix (Orgovyx®) induced AEs occurred in 26 organ systems. 58 significant disproportionality preferred terms (PTs) satisfying with the four algorithms were retained at the same time. Unexpected significant AEs such as Pollakiuria, and Prostatic specific antigen increased also occur. The median time of onset was 60 days. The majority of the AEs occurred within the first 30 days after Relugolix (Orgovyx®) initiation.

Conclusion

Common AEs included Hot flush, Fatigue, Asthenia, Constipation, and Myalgia. These AEs should be focused on when using the drug to avoid serious consequences. In addition, the study results also suggested that the drug may exist Pollakiuria, Prostatic specific antigen increased and other AEs not mentioned in the manual, to supplement the AEs in the manual. This study is helpful for clinicians and pharmacists to improve their understanding of Relugolix (Orgovyx®) related AEs, and take timely prevention and treatment measures to ensure drug safety for patients.
Treatment of a mutant KRAS lung cancer cell line with polyisoprenylated cysteinyl amide inhibitors activates the MAPK pathway, inhibits cell migration and induces apoptosis
Authors: Gregory Matthew D. , Ofosu-Asante Kweku , Lazarte Jassy Mary S. , Puente Pablo E. , Tawfeeq Nada , Belony Nadine , Huang Yong , Offringa Ite A. , Lamango Nazarius S.
Published: October 2024

KRAS mutations are the most common oncogenic mutations in lung adenocarcinoma in Black Americans. Polyisoprenylated Cysteinyl amide Inhibitors (PCAIs) constitute a group of potential cancer therapy agents that we designed to specifically disrupt and suppress hyperactive G-protein signaling, such as that caused by mutated RAS proteins. Here we determine the effects of PCAIs on the viability, G-protein levels, downstream mediators, and apoptosis-related proteins on the KRAS-mutated, Black American-derived lung adenocarcinoma cell line, NCI-H23. Of the 17 PCAIs tested, compounds NSL-YHJ-2-27 and NSL-YHJ-2-46 showed the most potency with EC50 values of 2.7 and 3.3 μM, respectively. Western blotting was used to determine the effect of the PCAIs on the phosphorylation levels of MAPK pathway enzymes. After 48 h exposure to 5 μM of the PCAIs, NSL-YHJ-2-46, the MAPK proteins BRAF, MEK1/2, ERK1/2, and p90RSK were activated through phosphorylation by 90, 190, 150 and 120%, respectively. However, CRAF/RAF1 phosphorylation decreased by 40%, suggesting significant changes in the KRAS/MAPK signaling patterns. Furthermore, 5 μM of NSL-YHJ-2-27 depleted the singly polyisoprenylated monomeric G-proteins RAC 1/2/3 and CDC42 by 77 and 76%, respectively. The depletion of these key cytoskeletal proteins may account for the observed inhibition of cell migration and invasion, and spheroid invasion observed on exposure to NSL-YHJ-2-27 and NSL-YHJ-2-46. Treatment with 5 μM of NSL-YHJ-2-27 suppressed full-length inactive caspase 3 and 7 levels by 72 and 91%, respectively. An analysis of cells treated with the fluorescently labeled active caspase 3/7 irreversible inhibitor, CaspaTagTM Caspase-3/7 in situ reagent revealed a 124% increase in active caspase at 3 μM over controls. These findings clearly show the direct effects of the PCAIs on the RAS signaling pathway. Given the profound increases observed in RPS6KA1/p90RSK phosphorylation, future work will involve a determination whether the proapoptotic isoforms of RPS6KA1/p90RSK are phosphorylated due to the PCAIs treatments. These results support the potential use of the PCAIs as targeted therapies against cancers with KRAS mutations.
The host tropism of current zoonotic H7N9 viruses depends mainly on an acid-labile hemagglutinin with a single amino acid mutation in the stalk region
Authors: Daidoji Tomo , Sadakane Hiroki , Garan Kotaro , Kawashita Norihito , Arai Yasuha , Watanabe Yohei , Nakaya Takaaki
Published: October 2024

The incidence of human infection by zoonotic avian influenza viruses, especially H5N1 and H7N9 viruses, has increased. Current zoonotic H7N9 avian influenza viruses (identified since 2013) emerged during reassortment of viruses belonging to different subtypes. Despite analyses of their genetic background, we do not know why current H7N9 viruses are zoonotic. Therefore, there is a need to identify the factor(s) responsible for the extended host tropism that enables these viruses to infect humans as well as birds. To identify H7N9-specific amino acids that confer zoonotic properties on H7N9 viruses, we performed multiple alignment of the hemagglutinin (HA) amino acid sequences of A/Shanghai/1/2013 (H7N9) and A/duck/Zhejiang/12/2011(H7N3) (a putative, non- or less zoonotic HA donor to the zoonotic H7N9 virus). We also analyze the function of an H7N9 HA-specific amino acid with respect to HA acid stability, and evaluated the effect of acid stability on viral infectivity and virulence in a mouse model. HA2-116D, preserved in current zoonotic H7N9 viruses, was crucial for loss of HA acid stability. The acid-labile HA protein in H7 viruses played an important role in infection of human airway epithelial cells; HA2-116D contributed to infection and replication of H7 viruses. Finally, HA2-116D served as a H7 virulence factor in mice. These results suggest that acid-labile HA harboring HA2-116D confers zoonotic characteristics on H7N9 virus and that future novel zoonotic avian viruses could emerge from non-zoonotic H7 viruses via acquisition of mutations that remove HA acid stability.
La gamificación en el aula: una asignatura pendiente para el profesorado
Authors: De Vega Martín Ana Lucía
Published: October 2024

La educación debe ser una parte integral de la vida del ser humano: es esencial para su desarrollo personal y para convertirse en un agente de cambio en la sociedad. Por ello, debemos cuestionarnos cómo estamos educando a los adolescentes que pronto serán los adultos del mañana. En los centros educativos, parece haberse pasado por alto la importancia del juego en la educación, no solo en la etapa infantil, sino también en la adolescencia. El juego genera un cambio radical en la actitud hacia el estudio, motivando a los estudiantes no solo a asistir a la escuela, sino también a lograr un aprendizaje significativo.
La inmersión en la era digital, tecnológica y del metaverso afecta inevitablemente a todos los elementos que rodean la educación y a los métodos de enseñanza que los docentes emplean, impactando así en el alumnado. Esta investigación busca determinar si el aprendizaje basado en gamificación ya se está implementando en España como metodología de enseñanza y actividad lúdica para aumentar la motivación estudiantil, o si, por el contrario, el profesorado aún no otorga la importancia debida a la inclusión de nuevas técnicas de aprendizaje como la gamificación. Se concluye que la gamificación no debe considerarse un método de enseñanza sustitutivo de los tradicionales, sino complementario, ya que favorece un cambio positivo en la actitud del alumnado frente a la adquisición de conocimientos, mejorando su motivación y, por ende, su rendimiento académico.
Development of RGB laser light source unit with crosstalk removal and polarization control functions and their incorporation into VR-HMD
Authors: ogata yoichi
Published: October 2024

For the development of full-color laser head-mounted display (VR-HMD), a white colored-laser light source fabricated by overlapping red-green-blue (RGB) lasers is necessary. Despite a lot of reports for the VR-HMD using RGB lasers, no report for removing crosstalk generating among beams has been done. Thus, the construction of a crosstalk removal and an electric field control devises is desirable urgently. In this work, an attempt has been made to create a function that avoids crosstalk among beams using RGB beams separated by using the time shift technique. If this function is realized, some negative influences such as an overlap among beams and field synthesis should be eliminated. In the future, the fine contrast type VR-HMD could be fabricated.
HOPING FOR THE BEST, BUT EXPECTING THE WORST: STRATEGY TO NAVIGATE DEPRESSION.
Authors: Agu Emmanuel Tochukwu
Published: October 2024

Depression is a pervasive mental health condition characterized by persistent sadness, hopelessness, and a lack of interest or pleasure in activities. While traditional therapeutic approaches often emphasize optimism and positive thinking, this article explores the paradoxical strategy of "hoping for the best but expecting the worst" as potential coping mechanism for managing depression. Drawing on recent psychological research and theories, this paper argues that this dual approach can help individuals navigate their symptoms more effectively by fostering realistic expectations and enhancing emotional resilience. The findings suggest that this strategy could serve as a valuable addition to existing treatment paradigms for depression.
Sense of Impossibility: A Cankerworm Frustrating the Readiness and Capacity of the Africans to Contribute to the Technological World.
Authors: Ugwu Abel Friday
Published: October 2024

The phenomenon of a "sense of impossibility" has permeated various aspects of African society, significantly impacting the continent's capacity to engage meaningfully in the global technological arena. This article explores the socio-economic, educational, and infrastructural barriers that cultivate a pervasive sense of helpless among African nations. It argues that overcoming concerted effort from governments, educational institutions, and private sectors to foster innovation, enhance skill development, and create a supportive environment for technological growth. The paper concludes with recommendations for policy frameworks that can empower Africans to transcend their current limitations and contribute robustly to the technological world.
Antimicrobial sensitivity of

Salmonella

species isolated from University of Mkar Students
Authors: Gwaza Terzulum , Adie Ambrose
Published: October 2024

The emergence of antimicrobial resistance amongst pathogenic microorganisms is a worrying public health issue which needs urgent fix. Several attempts have been made to overcome this problem, most recently, the advent of broad spectrum antimicrobial agents have been one of them. In as much, antimicrobial resistance seems to persist amongst different pathogenic genera due to inappropriate use of antibiotics. Salmonella, a causative agent of typhoid and other human systemic complications have displayed multi-drug resistance to antimicrobial agents. This research work therefore aims at investigating the antimicrobial sensitivity of Salmonella species isolated from University of Mkar students. A total of 50 stool samples were collected in sterile sample containers and isolation of Salmonella was carried out using two classical selective media, Salmonella Shigella Agar and MacConkey Agar. In-vitro antimicrobial sensitivity test was carried out following the disk diffusion method using 10 antimicrobial agents. Salmonella species displayed high rate of resistance (70%) while showing a worrying low rate susceptibility (30%) to Aminoglycosides, Antifolates and even broad spectrum Fluoroquinolones. Salmonella may have adapted, or acquired resistance inherently as it was evident in very high resistance against common antimicrobial agents like Ampicillin, Co-trimoxazole, Augmentin, and Nalidixic acid. The misuse of antibiotics and therapeutics by the population is obviously the consequential factor for the acquisition of resistance among this genus. Therefore, appropriate drug administration and usage practices must be enforced by government and public health institutions to help curtail the danger of unleashing the post-antibiotic era upon us now, and in time to come.
IA e curadoria algorítmica em plataformas de mídia digital
Authors: Hissa Debora Liberato Arruda , Gomes Emanoel Pedro Martins
Published: October 2024

Neste artigo, temos como objetivo compreender a dinâmica discursiva da IA em plataformas como o Instagram de modo a descrever tanto as estratégias semiótico-discursivas como a performatividade nas mídias digitais. Partimos do pressuposto de que existe uma lógica de hiperindividualização estabelecida por uma curadoria algorítmica presente nessa mídia social. Metodologicamente, realizamos uma análise comparativa das formações discursivas de 120 frames multissemióticos de contas pessoais e profissionais, a partir de quatro categorias: continuidade temática, articulação tópica, segmentação individualizada e progressão enunciativa. Interessou-nos analisar como esta curadoria promove caminhos de leitura estandardizados, predeterminados por IAs presentes nas plataformas, além de caracterizar como a performatividade discursiva nas mídias digitais é subvertida por ela. Partindo de uma discussão teórica sobre performatividade, retroação e informação, do ponto de vista da filosofia austiniana e da epistemologia cibernética, percebemos que as tecnologias digitais de informação, com suas IA e algoritmos, forçam-nos a se instituírem como consumidores e a hiper-individualizarem sua produção e performatividade discursivas.
Is vaccination against viral hepatitis B safe and immunogenic in patients with rheumatic diseases?
Authors: Gridneva G. I. , Belov B. S. , Aronova E. S.
Published: October 2024

Impressive successes have been achieved in the fight against viral hepatitis B (HBV), but victory over this infection has not yet been achieved. According to various estimates, there are 6–12.5 times more patients with resolved HBV who are carriers of the virus than carriers of the "Australian" surface antigen HBsAg. The basis for the prevention of HBV is passive and active immunization of the population, but the data on the safety and immunogenicity of this vaccine in patients with rheumatic diseases are contradictory. This review examines the safety and immunogenicity of vaccination against hepatitis B virus (HBV) in patients with immune-inflammatory rheumatic diseases. Vaccination against HBV is indicated for patients at risk of infection and should be carried out before starting antirheumatic therapy, as immunogenicity and efficacy are significantly higher in this case. The necessity of a detailed, targeted medical history collection to clarify the risk of HBV infection before prescribing antirheumatic therapy and clarification of the immune status (presence of HBsAg, antibodies against HBc and HBs) before vaccination is emphasized.
Clinical and instrumental characteristics of osteoarthritis in hyperuricemia
Authors: Taskina E. A. , Lila A. M. , Alekseeva L. I. , Kashevarova N. G. , Mikhailov K. M. , Halmetova A. R. , Strebkova E. A. , Sharapova E. P. , Savushkina N. M. , Kudinskiy D. M. , Raskina T. A. , Vinogradova I. B.
Published: October 2024

Objective: to investigate in a multicentre single-stage study the relationships between hyperuricemia (HU) and clinical, instrumental and laboratory parameters of osteoarthritis (OA).

Material and methods. The study included 200 patients aged 40 to 75 years with a definite diagnosis of knee (KN) OA that met ACR criteria, with stage I–III OA by Kellgren–Lawrence. The mean age of the patients was 55.9±10.3 years and the body mass index (BMI) was 29.4±6.2 kg/m2. An individual chart was completed for each patient, including anthropometric parameters, medical history and clinical examination data, visual analogue scale (VAS) assessment of KN pain, WOMAC, patient's general health assessment (GHA) and information on comorbidities. All patients underwent standard radiography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the KN (WORMS), dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry of the lumbar spine and femoral neck, and laboratory examination.

Results and discussion. HU was diagnosed in 57 (28.5) patients when the serum uric acid (UA) level was above 360 μmol/L. Patients were divided into two groups according to the presence or absence of HU. The age of the patients in the two groups was comparable, but they differed significantly in terms of disease duration, BMI, waist and hip circumference, which were greater in the HU group (p <0.05). Statistically significant differences were also found in the assessment of the severity of OA course: there were higher pain indices according to VAS, WOMAC total score and its components (pain and functional impairment, FI), GHA in the HU group. On MRI, osteitis was more common in the medial aspect of the tibia (odds ratio 5.75; 95% confidence interval 1.29–25.6; p=0.03). Patients with HU had higher concentrations of CRP, COMP, leptin, insulin, triglycerides and creatinine (p <0.05 for all values).

Spearman correlation analysis confirmed the association between HU and duration and radiological stage of OA, the presence of osteitis in the medial aspect of tibia detected by MRI, pain according to VAS and WOMAC, FI according to WOMAC and GHA (p<0.05).

Conclusion. At high UA levels, pain values according to VAS and WOMAC are higher, GHA is worse, and CRP and COMP levels are elevated. MRI shows more frequent osteitis in the medial aspect of the tibia in patients with HU. Deciphering the mechanisms that determine the relationship between HU and OA is important for the development of new methods for the prevention and treatment of these diseases.
Investigation of the analgesic efficacy of local therapy with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in patients with knee osteoarthritis
Authors: Strebkova E. A. , Taskina E. A. , Kashevarova N. G. , Sharapova E. P. , Savushkina N. M. , Korotkova T. A. , Alekseeva L. I. , Lila A. M.
Published: October 2024

Objective: to analyze the extent of analgesic effect and to determine predictors of inadequate response to local therapy with non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in a prospective, comparative, randomized trial of the efficacy and safety of Artoxan® gel 1% versus Diclofenac gel 1% in patients with knee OA.

Material and methods. The study included 60 patients with a definite diagnosis of stage II–III Kеllgren–Lawrence knee OA who fulfilled ACR criteria and were observed on an outpatient basis in V.A. Nasonova Research Institute of Rheumatology. Patients were 40–80 years old (mean 62.50±8.04 years), body mass index (BMI) 24.9±4.67 kg/m2 , median OA duration 5.7 [3;15] years. According to the randomization scheme, the patients were divided into two groups. In the 1st group (n=30), local therapy with 1% Artoxan gel was applied to the target area of the knee twice daily for 14 days. Patients in the 2nd group (n=30) were prescribed local therapy with the comparator drug, 1% Diclofenac gel with a similar application regimen. Patients in both groups were comparable in terms of the main parameters.

Results and discussion. Patients in both groups showed a significant decrease in pain intensity in the target joint during walking according to the visual analogue scale (VAS) after two weeks of treatment (p <0.05). A decrease in pain (to mild or moderate) in the target joint to <40 mm according to VAS after 7 days of therapy reported 43.3% of patients in the 1st group, and 63.3% of patients after 14 days of therapy (p=0.09). In the 2nd group, 43.3 % of patients also reported a reduction in pain in the target joint to <40 mm according to VAS after 7 days of therapy, and after 14 days it was observed in 56.7% of cases (p=0.22). Although the differences between the groups did not reach statistical significance, a reduction in pain to <40 mm according to VAS and a high BMI (r= -0.28; p=0.029).

Conclusion. The results of the study demonstrate a significant analgesic effect of local NSAIDs in knee OA. In most patients, pain was <40 mm according to VAS after 2 weeks of local NSAID therapy. At the same time, there was a tendency towards a higher frequency of pain reduction to <40 mm according to VAS in the group receiving local therapy with 1% Artoxan gel. It was concluded that excessive body weight and high BMI may be predictors of inadequate analgesic effect in patients with knee OA.
The Effect of Adding Agomelatine to Escitalopram in the Treatment of Major Depressive Disorder
Authors: Azadi H. , Rashidpour P. , Yassini Ardekani S. M. , Nadi Sakhvidi M. , Afshang H. , Bidaki R.
Published: October 2024

Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is a psychiatric illness that imposes a high cost on the patient and the community. Over the past few decades, a variety of treatments have been used to treat depression. One of the most common treatments for depression is medication. Today, specific serotonin reuptake inhibitors are the first line of treatment for major depression. Another drug that has been considered in the treatment of depression is agomelatine.

Objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of adding agomelatine to Escitalopram in treatment of major depressive disorder.

Materials and methods. This study was a double-blind randomized clinical trial with before and after designs (b and a). In this study, 70 patients with MDD referred to psychiatric clinics affiliated with Yazd University of Medical Sciences were studied. Patients were randomly divided into two groups of 35 patients (agomelatine + Escitalopram and Escitalopram + placebo) and were treated for 12 weeks. Depression Scale was the Hamilton Depression Inventory and was assessed before treatment, 1, 2, and 3 months after treatment. Variables such as gender, age, marital status, level of education, occupation, and duration of illness were also collected. The data were entered into SPSS version 18 software and analyzed using statistical tests.

Results. Of the 70 patients studied, 31 (44.3%) were male and 39 (55.7%) were female. There was not significant difference between gender distribution (p=0.810), marital status(p=0.789), job (p=0.651) and educational level (p=0.794). Also, no significant difference was found between the mean variables: age (p=0.563) and duration of depression (p=0.958). There was a statistically significant difference between the mean score of depression 2 months after treatment (p=0.10) and 3 months after treatment (p=0.023) in the two groups. Also the mean depression score after treatment compared to before, was significantly lower in both groups (p=0.000). Also, no significant difference was found between the frequency of drug side effects in the two groups (p=0.970).

Conclusion. Adding agomelatine to Escitalopram is more effective than mood-boosting depression as a result of depression or depressive disorder alone.

Future researchers in the field of MDD treatment could consider investigating the long-term effects and comparative efficacy of combining agomelatine with other antidepressants beyond Escitalopram to further enhance treatment outcomes for patients with MDD.
Gidazepam – daytime tranquilizer for the treatment of anxiety
Authors: Azimova Yu. E. , Petelin D. S.
Published: October 2024

Gidazepam is a benzodiazepine tranquilizer with several characteristic pharmacodynamic properties: lower affinity to GABAА-receptors than classical benzodiazepines, partial agonism and modulation of GABAА-receptors by stimulation of neurosteroid synthesis through binding to the TranSlocator PrOtein (TSPO), influence on the activity of the serotonergic, dopaminergic and noradrenergic systems. Clinically, Gidazepam is characterized by rapid and sustained anxiolytic, antiasthenic, vegetotropic and procognitive effects. In the lower range of therapeutic doses (20–50 mg/day), the drug has antiasthenic and procognitive properties without subsequent exhaustion; the effects of the upper dose range (from 100–150 mg/day) are closer to the effects of classic benzodiazepine tranquilizers. The drug is well tolerated, it is not characterized by sedation and muscle relaxation, and the risk of addiction or dependence is extremely low.
Cavalcade Legume (Centrosema pascuorum) Used as Soil Amendment in RD41 Rice Fields: Short-term Effects on the Soil Nematode Community, Soil Properties, and Yield Components
Authors: Beesa Natthidech , Macharoen Pipat , Kuncharoen Nattakorn , Dethoup Tida , Sasnarukkit Anongnuch , Chinnasri Buncha , Jindapunnapat Kansiree
Published: October 2024

Numerous phytoparasitic nematodes have been identified in Thailand’s paddy fields, which routinely cause substantial reductions in rice crop yields. However, effective strategies for their management have yet to be documented. In this study, cavalcade legume was used as a soil amendment in RD41 rice fields to examine its effects on the soil nematode community, soil properties, and yield components compared to untreated control plots. The results demonstrated that the population densities of plant-parasitic nematodes (PPNs) in the order Tylenchida, primarily Hirschmanniella sp., significantly decreased in cavalcade-treated plots across all soil sampling periods. Moreover, there was an increase in the populations of beneficial nematodes within the orders Dorylaimida and Araeolaimida. In contrast, greater PPN populations were observed in the control plots compared to the initial nematode population. In addition to reducing PPN populations, this legume showed other benefits, specifically increased soil properties (available P) and rice plant growth (plant height and number of tillers). While there was no statistically significant difference in soil organic matter (SOM) content, the application of this legume tended to increase SOM content, in contrast to a decrease in SOM content observed in the control plots. Overall, this study provides valuable insights into the substantial advantages of using cavalcade legumes in RD41 rice fields.
Conception of integrated high school students in Rio de Janeiro about character strengths and virtues
Authors: Monteiro Marcia Cristina , Benevides Soares Adriana
Published: October 2024

Strengths and virtues are defined as positive characteristics that have moral value. The objectiveof this research wasto investigate the conception of the students of Integrated Technical High School on strengths and virtues, if there is a difference between the conception between female and male students, how they understand the role of strengths and virtues in the choice and performance of the future technical profession and if the perception of the concept differs from the literature.Participated 21 students, 10 girls and 11 boys from the first year of different coursesfrom a Brazilianpublic educational institution.Two focus groups were held on different dates. The results showed thatconceptions brought by the students are related to characteristics responsible for promoting personal and academic goals for current and future situationstotheir professional career.The data obtained can contribute to actions, expanding the possibilities of applying positive psychology in the school context as a resource favorable to learning and the development of strengths and virtues.Prospective research can investigate the impact of strengths and virtues with constructions related to the concept investigated in the present studywith the use of instruments that can collaborate with qualitative data presented.
Peter Auer: Jazyková interakce.
Authors: Halbich Marek
Published: October 2024

A review of the book by Peter Auer.
Introduction
Authors: Pěničková Daniela
Published: October 2024

The presented papers are a collection of conference contributions. The conference titled Beyond Borders: Migration and (In)Equality in Central Europe in Comparison was both the major and closing event of an 18-month international project Migration to the Center funded by the EU program Europe for Citizens, the International Visegrad Fund, and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Czech Republic. The project examined how the EU Community acquis and other instruments impact migration and integration policies, practices, and lives of migrants in Central Europe and beyond. The participatory countries were represented by the following institutions: The Center for Independent Journalism (Hungary), the Institute of Public Affairs (Poland), the Peace Institute (Slovenia), the Human Rights League (Slovakia), and People in Need and the Multicultural Center (Czech Republic), the latter serving as the project coordinator. The project aimed to create an active network of Central European partners and their counterparts from the rest of Europe focused on migration and integration while drawing the attention of policy makers, experts, and the public to the common and country-specific challenges and successes in the implementation of migration legislation across the region. Its objective was to contribute to the cultivation of the migration-related issues debate and create conditions for inclusion of migrants into the policy-making process. The project covered the following themes considered crucial by the participating countries in the migration and integration process: (a) work and residence permit, (b) family reunification, and (c) study and training in the EU. The themes were explored by each of the project partners via two expert analysis articles, five migrant outputs related to the theme (in a variety of forms ranging from a recorded interview to photo stories, poetry, and short articles), and a national public debate in each country that was recorded and provided with English subtitles. These outcomes have been publicized on the project’s web pages www.migrationtothecentre.migraceonline.cz.
Ondřej Daniel: Bigbít nebo turbofolk. Představy migrantů z bývalé Jugoslávie [Big beat or Turbofolk. Imaginations of Migrants from the Former Yugoslavia]
Authors: Slavková Markéta
Published: October 2024

A review of the book by Ondřej Daniel.
Dana Moree: Učitelé na vlnách transformace. Kultura školy před rokem 1989 a po něm.
Authors: Vavrdová Alena
Published: October 2024

A review of the book by Dana Moree.
Tomáš Pavlíček – Petr Píša – Michael Wögerbauer (eds.): Nebezpečná literatura? Antologie z myšlení o literární cenzuře.
Authors: Labudová Zuzana
Published: October 2024

A revie of the book by Tomáš Pavlíček, Petr Píša and Michael Wögerbauer.
Markéta Svobodová: Krematorium v procesu sekularizace českých zemí 20. století. Ideové, stavební a typologické proměny.
Authors: Nešpor Zdeněk R.
Published: October 2024

A review of the book by Markéta Svobodová.
Sociologická práce jako věc svědomí
Authors: Jechová Květa
Published: October 2024

Pracovat v oboru společenských věd bývá v časech nesvobody velice nebezpečné. Člověk se může stát služebníkem utlačovatelského režimu, může se stát nástrojem ohlupování jiných, může rezignovat na své poslání a přežívat sám jako „mankurt“. Existují však vzácní lidé, kteří vykonali významnou sociologickou práci navzdory nepříznivé době. Jednou z nich je Erika Kadlecová.
Jiří Kořalka – Johannes Hoffmann: Tschechen im Rheinland und in Westfalen 1890–1918. Quellen aus deutschen, tschechischen und österreichischen Archiven und Zeitschriften. (Studien der Forschungsstelle Ostmitteleuropa an der Universität Dortmund, Band
Authors: Moravcová Mirjam
Published: October 2024

A review of the book by Jiří Kořalka and Johannes Hoffmann.
Sto let od narození Jana Szczepańského
Authors: Nešpor Zdeněk R.
Published: October 2024

Obávám se, že jméno Jana Szczepańského většině dnešních českých sociálních vědců nic neřekne. Je to chyba a současně nelichotivé svědectví o stavu naší akademické obce. I kdyby Szczepański už neměl vůbec žádný odborný význam, což si rozhodně nemyslím, nepochybně patří mezi nejvýznamnější polské sociology uplynulého století a jeho vliv na obnovenou českou sociologii v šedesátých letech byl zcela zásadní.
Konference Třebíč – 10 let v elitní společnosti UNESCO
Authors: Knap Jiří
Published: October 2024

Dne 16. listopadu roku 1945 ratifikovalo v Londýně dvacet zemí světa ústavu organizace UNESCO. Svět se tehdy vzpamatovával z nejhoršího válečného konfliktu. Nijak tedy nepřekvapí, že v preambuli dokumentu, jenž vstoupil v platnost 4. listopadu 1946, je celkem šestkrát zmíněn mír. Svým způsobem i tuto událost si bezmála po sedmdesáti letech připomínali účastníci konference organizované Městským kulturním střediskem při příležitosti kulatého výročí přijetí židovského města a baziliky do listiny UNESCO. V konferenčním centru Předzámčí zámeckého areálu v Třebíči nejprve zástupci města a Městského kulturního střediska připomněli ideje, jež stály u zrodu organizace, která celosvětově chrání kulturní dědictví. Starosta Pavel Heřman pak označil zapsání dvou památek v jediné lokalitě na listinu UNESCO za nejvýznamnější událost v novodobých dějinách Třebíče.
II. vojvodovské setkání
Authors: Bartáková Petra , Becková Anna , Džulajová Olga , Nováčková Miroslava
Published: October 2024

Těsně s příchodem léta se na jihu Moravy ani ne po roce uskutečnilo v pořadí již druhé vojvodovské setkání uspořádané Občanským sdružením Vojvodovo ve spolupráci s Obecním úřadem Nového Přerova. Hlavními účastníky akce byli zejména bulharští Češi, jejich potomci a přátelé, kterým se již mnoho let nejenom profesně věnují antropologové Lenka Jakoubková Budilová a Marek Jakoubek působící na Západočeské univerzitě v Plzni. Znovu tak v tento den ožil „duch“ vojvodovského společenství, jehož členové v letech 1945 až 1950 opustili Bulharsko a v rámci mezistátních dohod mezi Československem a Bulharskem přesídlili do československého pohraničí.
Paradoxes of Pardha and Agency among Muslim women in Kerala
Authors: Abdelhalim Julten
Published: October 2024

Following the oil boom of the 1970s in the Arabian Gulf, the region witnessed massive labour migration waves from the Southwestern Indian state of Kerala. The impact of the migration on the Arabian Gulf countries led to unprecedented advancements in the human development index of Kerala, especially among Muslims who were most affected by the tremendous social change. In this paper, I focus on only one sign of this socio-cultural change that was reflected in the adoption of the female Arab black attire, termed pardha in Kerala. What I will be arguing through the coming pages is the paradoxical formula where pardha was enforced as a marker of identity, but had nevertheless created emancipatory tools out of the confining frameworks of traditional patriarchy as characteristic of much of Keralite society. This paper seeks to convey the different debates surrounding this phenomenon and what women themselves have to say about it. This paper focuses on fieldwork undertaken in two districts of northern Kerala or what is known as Malabar, namely Malappuram and Kozhikode.
Společenství Cesty Síly
Authors: Horák Pavel
Published: October 2024

This article deals with Fellowship of the Way of Force, which is the only representative of Jediism in the Czech Republic. It was founded in 2012, and presently has 19 members. Their members consider Jediism as their "life belief". Jediism represented by Fellowship of the Way of Force is a typical example of contemporary postmodern religiousness, often referred to as spirituality. We understand spirituality in this theoretical framework in the manner that L. Woodhead and P. Heelas have defined it in their book The Spiritual Revolution (Oxford, Blackwell 2005). This theoretical introduction is followed by an analysis of two aspects of Jediism. One is the inspiration stemming from the Star Wars movies, and the second is the spirituality of Jediism. Also, we open the issue of mythology and its influence on the Jediism in general. The next part deals with the contemporary situation in the Czech Republic, describing the most important influences and movements present. Furthermore, we analyse the issue of whether the Jedis consider Jediism as a religion. They do not, however, consider it as such, since they reject its institutionalized form and strictly rooted doctrine. The negative opinion of the majority of Czech society towards religion in general is another factor. Jedis put emphasis on an individualistic approach. Jediism as such, as well as its followers, takes inspiration from various religions, traditions or techniques. One includes what they prefer in "their own Jediism". The conclusion of this treatise introduces the concept of the Force in Jediism and puts it in the wider context of contemporary spirituality in the Czech Republic.
Juhani Pallasmaa: Oči kůže; Juhani Pallasmaa: Myslící ruka.
Authors: Tourek Jiří
Published: October 2024

A review of the book by Juhani Pallasmaa.
Markéta Braun Kohlová: Cesty městem. O racionalitě každodenního cestování.
Authors: Pauknerová Karolína
Published: October 2024

A review of the book by Markéta Braun Kohlová.
Holokaust ako rámec dobra a zla.
Authors: Novotná Hedvika
Published: October 2024

Slovenské bádání v oblasti holocaustu, potažmo židovské menšiny a postholocaustu, je charakteristické na jedné straně určitou personální sevřeností (za vůdčí centrum bádání lze označit Bratislavu, vůdčí obor etnologii v úzké spolupráci s historií; jako významnou charakteristiku je pak možné identifikovat i jistou propojenost badatelské scény se scénou aktérskou), na straně druhé pak silným zaujetím a intenzitou výzkumu. Tato výchozí situace se nutně promítá do povahy bádání, které – ve srovnání s českým odborným diskurzem – v důsledku soustavné kumulace poznatků a soustavné reflexe nejen epistomologické a subjektivní, ale zejména také právě reflexe terénu, směřuje ke kladení si neotřelých otázek, hledání nových cest k porozumění holocaustu a jeho významu v současné společnosti.
Chicagská škola a česká sociologie
Authors: Musil Jiří
Published: October 2024

Czech sociology in the period since 1925 has reacted to the Chicago School in four ways: (1.) The first type of reaction was represented by a group of authors who either dismissed this approach or ignored it completely; (2.) The second reaction was represented by sociologists who knew about the approach and basically referred to it in a neutral manner; (3.) The third reaction were attempts to interpret the School in the deeper context of the development of American sociology in the first half of the 20th century; this reaction included both criticism and positive acknowledgment; (4.) The fourth reaction essentially varies. Its common factor is the acceptance of the basic theoretical or merely methodological tenets of the School. They intentionally continued in the tradition of the Chicago School, and often complemented or otherwise modified its approaches. All four of these reaction types stemming from the Czech environment reacted chiefly to the Chicago School’s concept of urban sociology, and less to its urban ethnology and social psychology.
Children migrants & Third Culture Kids. Roots and Routes. International Conference
Authors: Trąbka Agnieszka
Published: October 2024

The period of the late 20th and early 21st centuries is sometimes called "the age of migration" (Castles and Miller 2009). The number of migrants is estimated at 214 million people, which means that they would constitute the fifth most populous country in the world.
The relationship between multidimensional social support and well-being in disability sport
Authors: Idelson Dorly , Dehghan Fatemeh , Martin Jeffrey , Martin Adam
Published: October 2024

In this study, we investigated the relationships among perceived social support, perceived available support in sport, team cohesion, grit, sport engagement, and life satisfaction among disability sport athletes. Twenty-four athletes from Israel and Belgium, aged 22 to 65, 87.5% male (n = 24) and 12.5% female (n = 3), with physical disabilities participated. The results showed significant positive correlations between team cohesion and sport engagement (r = 0.44, p < 0.05) and life satisfaction (r = 0.57, p < 0.01). Team cohesion was also linked to perceived social support (r = 0.55, p < 0.01). Finally, grit and sport engagement (r = 0.50, p < 0.01) and perceived social support and sport engagement (r = 0.50, p < 0.05) were correlated. These findings underscore the importance of supportive social environments inside and outside of sport in potentially enhancing athlete well-being.
The Sabinus Code: A Contribution to the Discussion on Political Agitation on Roman Republican Coins
Authors: Vacinová Lenka
Published: October 2024

The article analyses the iconography of the denarii bearing the scene of the Punishment of Tarpeia, issued by L. Titurius Sabinus during the Social War, re-examines its previous interpretations and offers a new one, linking it with the internal political struggle between the Optimate faction related to the tribune of the plebs M. Livius Drusus and their opponents. The author suggests that the figure of the notorious traitress was used intentionally, in terms of the political struggle against Drusus himself or his former partisans who had been found guilty of parricide and exiled under the Lex Varia, in order to prevent them from returning to Rome.
The neuropharmacological and clinical effects of lutein: a systematic review
Authors: Firozjae Atefeh Arab , Shiran Mohammad Reza , Rashidi Mohsen
Published: October 2024

Objectives

Neurodegenerative diseases are defined by specific protein accumulation and anatomic vulnerability leading to neuronal loss. Some studies have shown that lutein may have an effect on neurodegenerative diseases. As most of the neurodegenerative diseases don’t have certain cure and therapies focus on symptom control, Lutein may be a complementary treatment. Due to controversies in studies investigating lutein effect on neurodegenerative diseases, we decided to perform a systematic review on these studies.

Methods

A systematic search was carried out in the available databases. We used all MeSH terms and relevant keywords. Studies that reported relationship between lutein and any neurodegenerative disease were included.

Results

We found 278 studies. After removing duplicates, screening by titles and abstracts and excluding irrelevant papers, 17 articles were included in this study. Fourteen studies investigated Alzheimer’s disease, 2 studies Parkinson’s disease and 1 study Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. 1/17 study found that high serum levels of lutein at baseline were associated with a lower risk of AD mortality and lutein effect on lipid profile have been investigated in 2/17 studies. Also, 1/17 study has been shown that high intake of lutein may reduce the risk of ALS progression.

Conclusions

4/17 studies confirm that lutein can improve cognitive function. 8/17 studies demonstrate a reduction in the progression of AD, and 2/17 studies indicate an improvement in lipid profiles. However, some studies did not find any significant associations. Additionally, there is a limited number of studies investigating the effects of lutein on other neurodegenerative diseases.
The Apocalypse of Peter as the Origin of the Christian Hell. Sense and Purpose of the Afterlife Punishment in Fire
Authors: Kiel Nikolai
Published: October 2024

Since the announcement of the punishment in the Apocalypse of John, the sentence of the godless in the lake of fire has occupied a central role in early Christian apocalypses. The punishment for the wicked in the lake of fire has acted as a deterrent and paints a terrible portrait that awaits the evil and the unbelievers. During the development of the eschatological motif, apostates and unfaithful Christians have also been included in the fiery punishments. What is the function and purpose of the early Christian apocalypses? This question will be examined in the second-century Apocalypse of Peter. As a result, this paper argues that the Apocalypse of Peter is a work intended to convey comfort to the believers in Christ who were threatened and suffered persecution.
Full-space trifunctional metasurface with independent control of amplitude and phase for circularly polarized waves
Authors: Li Xi Ming , Zhao Yuan , Lu Ren Pan , Sun Xiao Feng , Yang Zhao , He Hai Dan , Liu Yan Hui , Du Guo Hong
Published: October 2024

Flexible and diverse manipulation of electromagnetic (EM) waves in half space (reflection or transmission) has facilitated strong aspiration toward full-space wave control. However, it remains challenging to achieve independent amplitude and phase control, which seriously hinder the real-world applications. Herein, an innovative strategy of trifunctional metasurface is proposed to independently and simultaneously manipulate the amplitude and phase of circular polarized waves in full space. The multifunctional design is composed of double-layer anisotropic metasurface sandwiched with a bandpass frequency selective surface, with a frequency-direction multiplexed paradigm for on-demand control of both amplitude and phase across three independent channels. To validate the concept, a multifunctional metadevice is designed and verified by simulations and experiments, showcasing arbitrary near-field and far-field power modulation in full space. Lateral and axial bifocal metalenses with desired intensity distribution are designed in two reflection channels at 9 GHz, while multibeam generator with desired spatial scatterings and power allocations is designed in transmissive channel at 13 GHz. The finding paves the way for attaining multifunctional metadevices with amplitude and phase modulation in full space, which have potential applications in high-quality imaging and high-capacity communication systems.