bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Photocatalytic Degradation of Methylene Blue Using Bismuth Vanadate (Bi2VO5.5) Powder
Authors: Phanmalee Jitreephan , Intaphong Prakasit , Kangwansupamonkon Wiyong , Phanichphant Sukon , Pookmanee Pusit
Published: August 2017

Bismuth vanadate (Bi2VO5.5) powder has been successfully prepared by microwave method. Bismuth nitrate and ammonium vanadate were used as the starting precursors with the mole ratio of 2:1 in 2-propanol. The microwave power was 500 Watt for 2-6 min. The yellow powder was obtained and calcined at 500°C for 2h. The structure was identified by X-ray diffraction (XRD). The morphology was investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The chemical composition was determined by energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDXS). The functional groups were investigated by fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR) The photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue (MB) using Bi2VO5.5 powder was studied by ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry (UV-Vis).
On the Application of Electrocoagulation/Flotation (ECF) Technique for Cationic Dye Removals Using Aluminium Electrode and Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate (SDS)
Authors: Yuliani Galuh , Arifin Rani , Setiabudi Agus
Published: August 2017

The electrocoagulation/flotation (ECF) technique has been regarded as a safe, efficient and environmentally friendly technique for contaminants removal in aqueous solution. In this research, an electrocoagulation cell was constructed using aluminum metal as electrodes. The constructed electrocoagulation cells were then utilized for the removals of organic dye from model solutions. To enhance flotation, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) was added as a surface active agent. Some operational parameters namely electrolysis time, applied voltage, and SDS concentration were investigated. It was found that the optimum conditions were electrolysis time of 30 minute, applied voltage of 5 V, and SDS concentration of 200 ppm. Under these optimum conditions, the removal of organic dye was 84%. It was concluded that addition of SDS to ECF system may facilitate better and efficient removals of organic dye from aqueous solutions.
Development of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch Fiber Reinforced Epoxy Composites for Bumper Beam in Automobile
Authors: Witayakran Suteera , Kongtud Wuttinan , Boonyarit Jirachaya , Smitthipong Wirasak , Chollakup Rungsima
Published: August 2017

This research aims to use oil palm empty fruit bunch (EFB) fibers to reinforce epoxy resin for bumper beam in cars to replace epoxy/glass fiber composite. EFB fibers were extracted by two methods; chemical method by treating with 10-30% sodium hydroxide (% by weight of fiber) and mechanical method by steam explosion process at 12-20 kgf/cm2 for 5 mins. Then, the obtained fibers were bleached by hydrogen peroxide. The results show that the chemical method can eliminate lignin better than the other and provided stronger fibers. Increasing of alkaline concentration yielded the decrease of lignin content and increase of cellulose content, while no significant difference on fiber size and strength was observed. In steam explosion method, increasing of pressure vapor affected to more dark brown color and disintegrated fibers. Therefore, the optimal method for preparing EFB fibers for reinforcement of epoxy composite was chemical treatment using 30%NaOH, followed by bleaching. Then, the EFB fibers extracted by chemical method at 30%NaOH were used for reinforcing epoxy composite with fiber contents of 0-10%w/w and compared to epoxy/glass fiber composite. The results show that flexural modulus did not increase with increasing fiber content. However, the chemical treated fibers can support composite from falling apart after testing like glass fiber reinforced composite with fiber contents upper than 7.5%w/w. Impact strength and storage modulus of alkaline treated palm fiber reinforced composites increased when fiber content more than 7.5%w/w. Thermal properties of composite, analyzed by DSC and DMTA, shows that the Tg increased with fiber content. Flexural modulus and thermal properties of EFB reinforced epoxy composites provided similar results to glass fiber reinforced composites. Therefore, EFB fiber reinforced epoxy composite could be an alternative green material for bumper beam in automobile.
Effect of Impingement Angle on Erosion Resistance of HVOF Sprayed WC-10Co-4Cr Coating on CA6NM Steel
Authors: Hamilton Anurag , Sharma Ashok , Pandel Upender
Published: August 2017

In the present investigation, WC–10Co–4Cr coating was deposited by high velocity oxy-fuel (HVOF) process on CA6NM hydro turbine steel to improve its erosion resistance. The coating was characterized in term of crossectional microstructure, phase, microhardness and fracture toughness using a field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM), X-ray diffractometer and microhardness tester respectively. Solid particle erosion resistance of the substrate and coating were evaluated by air jet erosion tester at two different impingement angles (30° and 90°). Coating microstructure has shown a homogeneous and well-bonded laminar morphology. The microhardness of the coating was observed more than three times higher than CA6NM substrate. This resulted in significant improvement in erosion resistance of coated CA6NM steel at both impingement angles.
Sintered Metal Microstructure Influenced by Deep Rolling and Carburizing Processes
Authors: Primee Sai Yan
Published: August 2017

For better mechanical properties and lifetime of sintered products, it is suggested that an improvement can be made by a combination of mechanical-and chemical-surface treatments. In this study, the effect of deep-rolling on surface properties and microstructure is investigated. It is found that both compactness and hardness is improved by deep-rolling process where high force is applied. The outer surface hardness can be doubled when the deep-rolling is applied prior to carburizing. Nonetheless, a reduction in the thickness of the martensite-transformed layer due to an increment of applied force is observed.
Measuring the Absorption Coefficients of TiN Thin Films with Different Thickness
Authors: Chu Hao Yu , Li Yu Xiong , Gu Cheng Yan , Jiang Chun Ping
Published: August 2017

In this work, different thick TiN thin films were prepared by pulsed laser deposition on GaN substrates at 650°C. The crystal structure and morphology are characterized by X-ray Diffraction and Atomic Force Microscopy. We characterized the sample by cathodoluminescence spectroscopy at room temperature and measured the thickness of the film by a cross-sectional scanning electron microscopy. Combining the attenuation of light intensity and the thickness, the absorption coefficient of the samples can be estimated by the Beer-Lambert law. The absorption coefficients of TiN metal thin film obtained here are closed with each other. The optical properties may not change with increasing thickness.
Investigation on Effect of Nano-Fillers on Mechanical Properties of Epoxy Based Composites Using ANOVA
Authors: Shettar Manjunath , Hiremath Pavan , Kini U. Achutha , Sharma Sathya Shankar
Published: August 2017

The present work aims to fabricate and characterize epoxy based composites with varying wt. % of nanoparticles as filler and to investigate and analyze the effects of nanoclay and nanocarbon with different wt. % on the epoxy resin. Different types of composites are prepared using 0, 2, 4 and 6 wt. % of fillers with rest of epoxy resin. Fillers are mixed with the resin by high speed mechanical stirrer for 2 hours. The mixture is transferred to the mould and allowed to cure. The specimens are prepared based on ASTM standard. The specimens are tested for tensile and flexural strength. Adding fillers resulted in change in the basic properties. ANOVA is applied to find the significance effect of 4 different weight percentage of fillers and different variety of fillers on the properties of composites.
FRP-Nanoclay Hybrid Composites: A Review
Authors: Shettar Manjunath , Kini U. Achutha , Sharma Sathya Shankar , Hiremath Pavan
Published: August 2017

The review is on aimed an insight source for FRP-Nanoclay hybrid composite (nanocomposite) research, which includes basic structure/property, preparation & characterization techniques, mechanical properties and applications of hybrid composites. Key factors are discussed, which are influencing the mechanical properties of nanocomposite with nanoclay addition. Conclusions are also drawn based on the research of nanocomposites and improvement in mechanical properties.
Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Mg-9Gd-4Y-0.5Zr Alloy
Authors: Meng Bo Bo , Li Quan An , Chen Xiao Ya
Published: August 2017

The effects of heat treatment on microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg-9Gd-4Y-0.5Zr alloy were studied by XRD, OM, SEM and tensile testing machine. The results show that the alloy mainly consists of α-Mg matrix, Mg5Gd and Mg24Y5. Through solid solution and aging heat treatment process, the tensile strength, yield strength and elongation rate respectively achieves 263.1MPa, 235.2MPa and 3.11%.
Durability of Alkali-Activated Fly Ash/Slag Concrete
Authors: Chi Mao Chieh , Chen Hsian , Weng Tsai Lung , Huang Ran , Wang Yih Chang
Published: August 2017

This study investigated the durability of alkali-activated binders based on blends of fly ash (FA) and ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS). Five fly ash-to-slag ratios of 100/0, 75/25, 50/50, 25/75, and 0/100 by mass were selected to produce alkali-activated fly ash/slag (AAFS) concrete. Sodium oxide (Na2O) concentrations of 6% and 8% of binder weight and activator modulus ratios (mass ratio of SiO2 to Na2O) of 0.8, 1.0, and 1.23 were used as alkaline activators. Test results show that the total charge passed of AAFS concrete is between 2500 and 4000 coulombs, higher than the comparable OPC concrete. However, AAFS concrete exposed to sulfate attack performed better than OPC concrete. Based on the results, 100% slag-based AAFS concrete with Na2O concentration of 8% and activator modulus ratio of 1.23 has the superior performances.
The Influence of Superplasticizers Based on Modified Acrylic Polymer and Polycarboxylate Ester on the Plasticizing Effect of Cement Paste
Authors: Macijauskas Mindaugas , Skripkiūnas Gintautas
Published: August 2017

The article aims to present a research into the impact of the dosage and effectiveness of superplasticizers based on modified acrylic polymer and polycarboxylate ester (from 0 to 1.2 %) on rheological properties of the cement pastes (yield stresses and plastic viscosities), of different testing times after mixing (from 0 to 90 min). Materials used in the study: Portland cement CEM I 42.5 R, superplasticizers SP1 (modified acrylic polymer based), SP2 (polycarboxylate ester based), and water. Investigation was carried out using rotational rheometer Rheotest RN4.1 with coaxial cylinders. The tests revealed that superplasticizer SP2 is more effective than SP1 – cement paste (W/C = 0.30) exhibits better flowability and improved rheological qualities. Superplasticizers SP1 and SP2 exhibit different levels of plasticizing effectiveness and ability to retain the effect’s duration. Due to the increase in the dosage of superplasticizers SP1 and SP2 from 0 to 1.2 %, plasticizing effect increases. It is also observed that larger dosage of SP1 (0.6-1.2 %) results in slower increase in plasticizing effects until the 90 min margin. In conclusion, from the start of mixing until the 90 min margin, the best plasticizing effect and its retention achieved by superplasticizer SP2. Recommended SP2 dosage – from 0.6 to 0.8 %.
Manufacturing of Light Weight Aggregates from the Local Waste Materials for Application in the Building Concrete
Authors: Pawlik Tomasz , Michalik Daniel , Sopicka-Lizer Malgorzata , Godzierz Marcin
Published: August 2017

The aim of those research was to find out the technique of the car windshield glass waste utilization. The research was performed in cooperation with the Polish small company, active in the waste utilization. Manufacturing of the light weight aggregates (LWAs) for application in the building concrete has been chosen as an appropriate solution. The local coal mine slates, the fine-grained coal mine wastes and fly ash from the local power station were tried for making the suitable mixture for granulation and sintering. All waste materials were characterized for their granulation, chemical composition and thermal behavior (DTA, TG/DTG, linear changes). Several mixtures with various composition were prepared, milled, homogenized and pelletized with water addition and finally sintered at 950°C. Thermally treated granules were tested for their density, porosity and mechanical properties. Some specimens were observed in scanning microscope. It has been shown that by variation of the composition of the waste materials it is possible to produce aggregates with a large variety of mechanical properties and porosities.
An Experimental Study on the Frost Resistance of High Performance Concrete Using Fly-Ash and Agent
Authors: Lee Seung Jo
Published: August 2017

The purpose of this study is to investigate the freeze-thaw resistance, one of the most important durability indicators, of high-performance concrete made of fibers (nylon and polypropylene), AE agent, viscosity agent, and fly ash, an industrial by-product. While FN-1 showed the best freeze-thaw resistance with an about 2.8% relative dynamic modulus of elasticity, PV-2 showed the worst results, with an about 7.4% modulus, in comparison tests with GC. Most of the test samples showed better compressive strength than GC. Especially, N-1 showed the greatest compressive strength increase of 8%. Also, the test samples mixed with FA and PP showed a 2-4% compressive strength increase effect.
Software Analysis of the Reinforced Concrete Beam with Additional Installation of Lightning Protection Cable
Authors: Abdul Rahim Mustaqqim , Abdul Ghani Abdul Naser , Che Munaaim Muhammad Arkam , Md Ghazaly Zuhayr , Jye Yueh Koay
Published: August 2017

Lightning protection system protects building structure from direct lightning impact. Embedding lightning protection cable inside concrete structure is widely use in practice now days. The objective of this research is to investigate the effect of installation of additional conductor cable inside concrete beam to its beam displacement and beam stress using finite element analysis software ABAQUS. The beam without additional conductor cable, with cable conductor installed at top and bottom reinforcement is modelled using ABAQUS. The results obtained from the three model is compared. As the result, the beam with additional conductor cable at top reinforcement shows minimum deformation and minimum Mises stress.
Semi-Continuous Caster for an Aluminum Alloy Plate
Authors: Haga Toshio , Tsunoji Yoshihiro , Ueda Masashi , Hirabaru Akihiro
Published: August 2017

Two types of side dams for a semi-continuous caster, a thin steel plate and a deformable fence, were developed and tested. The semi-continuous caster equipped with deformable side dam fences was found to be superior. The deformable side dam fences were set between the substrate and the roll. Molten metal was solidified by the lower substrate and the upper roll. A 10-mm-thick 1200 aluminum alloy plate was cast at 1 m/min. The deformable side dam fences were effective at providing plate reduction and ensuring a flat upper surface.
Development of Coating Process Technique for Anti-Fouling Electric Insulator
Authors: Shan Bo Wen , Choi In Hyuk , Kim Jung Hyun , Choi Won Seok
Published: August 2017

In order to improve the anti-fouling characteristics of the electric insulator for electric railway, a functional coating for preventing pollution was carried out on the surface of the T type post insulator and long rod insulator in the railway insulators. In order to ensure the durability of the thin film on the coated insulator surface, the coating was annealed at three different annealing cases by using a furnace. Case 1 is annealing treatment at 250°C and case 2 is annealing treatment at 400°C. Case 3 is the double annealing treatment (case 1 + case 2). The film Surface conductivity and anti-fouling characteristics of the insulators annealed at three temperature conditions were measured. It was confirmed that the insulator annealed in case 3 had both good conductivity and anti-fouling characteristics.
Limestone Dissolution in FeO-CaO-SiO2-MgO-MnO Slag at 1573K
Authors: Mao Wen Wen , Lu Hua , Li Chen Xiao , Li Hong
Published: August 2017

Through thermal simulation experiment and SEM analysis, limestone dissolution in a steelmaking slag was studied. The results showed that the dissolution rate of limestone is 5.4 times greater than lime under the same conditions in slag, the dissolution rate of limestone in slag increases rapidly with the increase of stirring gas flux. The rapid dissolution of limestone in the slag can be explained on two sides. Limestone decomposition and dissolution happens simultaneously, the newly generated lime participates in slagging in its highest activity. On the other hand, CO2 from limestone decomposition not only strengthen the mixing strength of the molten pool, but also helps to remove the high melting point 2CaO·SiO2 product.
In Situ Experiment for Laser Beam Welding of Ti Alloys Using High-Energy X-Rays
Authors: Staron Peter , Liu Jie , Riekehr Stefan , Schell Norbert , Huber Norbert , Kashaev Nikolai , Müller Martin , Schreyer Andreas
Published: August 2017

The laser beam welding (LBW) process has many advantages for industrial production; however, it still has to be optimized for two-phase Ti alloys. Phase transformations and residual stresses play a crucial role for welding these alloys. Specific questions about the development of phase content during fast heating with a laser and rapid cooling can only be addressed with time-resolved in-situ experiments, avoiding artefacts from quenching. Also the residual stress development during cooling depends on the occurring phase transformations. Thus, an LBW chamber employing a fibre laser was developed for use with high-energy X-rays from a synchrotron source. Bead-on-plate welding experiments with 2.5 mm thick samples were carried out at the HZG high-energy materials science beamline (HEMS) at DESY, Hamburg. The first experiments focused on the solid-solid phase transformations in a Ti-6Al-4V alloy. Moreover, residual stresses developing during cooling were studied.
Experimental Comparison of In-Depth Residual Stresses Measured with Neutron and X-Ray Diffraction with a Numerical Stress Relaxation Correction Method
Authors: Levieil Bruno , Bridier Florent , Doudard Cédric , Klosek Vincent , Thévenet David , Calloch Sylvain
Published: August 2017

This study is an experimental comparison of in-depth X-ray diffraction residual stress measurements with neutron diffraction measurements. The goal is to evaluate the relevance of the Savaria-Bridier-Bocher [1] stress relaxation correction method. Neutron diffraction are performed on a bent notched specimen. Destructive X-ray diffraction is performed until 5.25mm below the surface by polishing the material. This polishing induces stress relaxation and X-ray diffraction results have to be corrected. For that purpose, a finite element analysis is realised and show good correlation with neutron measurements results. The application of the stress correction method improves the X-ray measurements especially after 2 mm below the surface. The differences between measured and corrected residual stresses from both diffraction techniques are analyzed and discussed.
New Developments of the Materials Science Diffractometer STRESS-SPEC
Authors: Rebelo-Kornmeier Joana , Hofmann Michael , Gan Wei Min , Randau Christian , Braun Karl , Zeitelhack Karl , Defendi Ilario , Krueger Jens , Faulhaber Enrico , Brokmeier H.G.
Published: August 2017

The high flux neutron diffractometer STRESSSPEC at FRM II, Garching Germany, offers a flexible instrument setup suitable for fast and surface residual strain measurements. Likewise bulk, local or gradient texture analyses are feasible. Here improvements of the hardware (detector, slits) of the instrument as well as developments on methods for residual stress analysis are presented. A new detector system developed inhouse was recently installed and successfully commissioned. Compared to the original delay line detector the new detector provides much higher resolution and allows event mode type measurements. Results of the commissioning measurements show a performance increase of nearly a factor of 2 compared to the former detector. Moreover the new analytical model, recently developed for surface spurious strain corrections, was successfully applied at a welded austenitic steel sample. Thus nondestructive measurements from the surface (200 μm) into the bulk (several millimeters) are possible without any extra time consuming experiments for spurious strains corrections.
Residual Stress Relief in the Aluminium Alloy 7075
Authors: Robinson Jeremy S. , Truman Christopher E. , Pirling Thilo , Panzner Tobias
Published: August 2017

The residual stresses in heat treated 7075 aluminium alloy blocks have been characterised using two neutron diffraction strain scanning instruments. The influence of uniaxial cold compression (1-10%) on relieving the residual stress has been determined. Increasing the magnitude of cold compression from 1 to 10% has been shown to have a beneficial effect on the residual stress distribution by reducing the range between the maximum and minimum residual stresses. The effect of over aging 7075 on residual stress has also been characterised using neutron diffraction and this was found to reduce the residual stress by 25-40%. A relationship between {311} peaks widths and amount of cold compression was also observed.
A Comparison of the Constitutive Response of Austenitic and Ferritic Steels under Welding Processes
Authors: Hamelin Cory J. , Muránsky Ondrej , Smith Mike C. , Edwards Lyndon
Published: August 2017

The need to accurately measure and predict weld residual stresses (WRS) has led to several examinations intent on developing best-practice guidelines in the assessment of welded structures. The present investigation examines two benchmark weld specimens; both specimens are autogenous edge-welded beams, with welds deposited using a mechanised tungsten inert gas process. However, one of the beams was made from AISI 316LN austenitic steel, while the other was made from SA508 Gr.3 Cl.1 ferritic steel. Considerable differences in the cross-weld residual stress profile were observed between the two beams, prompting a detailed examination of why such differences exist. Computational weld mechanics was used to assess both processes; model validation was achieved using previously reported WRS and micro-hardness measurements. A comparison of the numerical solutions indicates that the shape misfit resulting from a sharp weld-induced thermal gradient causes significant longitudinal tensile stresses in the heat-affected zone in both specimens. The presence of influential solid-state phase transformations in the ferritic specimen leads to the formation of compressive stresses in the weld metal, while the stresses remain tensile in the weld metal region of the austenitic specimen. The compressive stresses in the ferritic specimen serve to offset the tensile stresses in the HAZ, leading to a reduction of the self-equilibrating WRS present in the ferritic parent metal.
Elastoplastic Deformation and Damage Process in Duplex Steel Studied Using Synchrotron and Neutron Diffraction
Authors: Zhao Yu Chen , Le Joncour Léa , Baczmański Andrzej , François Manuel , Wroński Sebastian , Panicaud Benoit , Gadalińska Elżbieta , Braham Chedly , Buslaps Thomas , Paradowska Anna
Published: August 2017

In the present work, the mechanical behavior of phases in duplex steel during tensile test was studied. Special interest was taken in the analysis of damage process just before failure. In this aim two diffraction methods: in-situ time of flight neutron diffraction and X-ray synchrotron diffraction were applied. Using diffraction data, the slip mechanism on crystallographic planes during plastic deformation was investigated. In the case of aged UR45N steel, it was found that significant softening caused by damage process was initiated in the ferritic phase. The lattice strains measured in situ by two above mentioned diffraction methods were compared with prediction of the self-consistent model.
Soil microbial population and yield of rainfed maize as affected by farmyard manure and biodigester liquid manure
Authors: Naik K. P. Suresh , Mavarkar S. N. , Naik T. Basavaraj
Published: August 2017

A field experiment was conducted during Kharif (June-October) season 2010, under rainfed condition on red sandy loam soil to study the effect of farmyard manure (FYM) and biodigester liquid manure (BDLM) on soil microbial activity and yield of rainfed maize (Zea mays L.). A total of 13 treatments were laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replicates. The treatment combinations comprised of different levels of FYM (7.5, 10 and 12.5 t/ha) and BDLM-equivalent N (BDLME: 75, 100, 125 and 150 kg N/ha) compared with control [FYM 7.5 t ha-1 + recommended dose of chemical fertilizer (RDF): 100:50:25 kg N:P:K/ha]. Application of FYM (12.5 t/ha) + BDLME (150 kg N/ha) recorded a significantly higher microbial population in soil after crop harvest total bacteria 50.5×106 CFU/g, fungi 26.0×104 CFU/g, and actinomycetes 23.8×103 CFU/g), grain yield and straw yield compared to the rest of the treatments. Application of FYM (7.5 t/ha) + BDLME (75 kg N/ha) resulted in the lowest values for these parameters.
Estimation of large scale surface soil moisture using remote sensing approach
Authors: Suthakar S. , Chopra U. K. , Sahoo R. N. , Chand I.
Published: August 2017

The surface soil moisture of three districts namely Bulandshar, Gazjiabad and Goutam Buddha Nagar of India was estimated using remote sensing approach during the Rabi season (October–March) in 2009 and 2010. The daily evapotranspiration (ET) at the satellite passing date was in between 0.0 and 6.7 mm/day in 2009 (CV=57%) and between 0.0 and 6.81 mm/day in 2010 (CV=39%) while the variations in the surface soil moisture map in the whole region developed from optical remote sensing using SEBAL were between 1.5% and 45.7% in 2009 (CV=40%) and between 8.5% and 33.4% in 2010 (CV=34%). Further improvement of the prediction model would help in decision making by farmers in agricultural operations.
Effect of different organic manures and nitrogen fertilizers on the nutrient uptake and yield of maize
Authors: Tanwar V. S. , Shetty Y. V. , Dhananjaya B. C. , Kumar M. D. , Vageesh T. S.
Published: August 2017

A field experiment investigated the combined effect of organic manures and nitrogen fertilizers on nutrient uptake and yield of maize (Zea mays L.). Three different organic manures, viz. FYM (0.50% N, 0.26% P and 0.33% K), vermi-compost (1.1% N, 0.64% P and 0.34% K) and poultry manure (1.51% N, 0.78% P and 0.37% K). Urea, diammonium phosphate (DAP), single super phosphate (SSP) and muriate of potash (MoP) were used as the sources of N, P, and K fertilizer. Plots with recommended N level provided through chemical fertilizer served as the control. Nine treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design with three replicates. The study showed that neem oil-coated urea could save 20 kg N/ha. Plots that received organic manures + chemical fertilizers recorded a significantly higher (p<0.05) grain and stover yield over plots that received N through chemical fertilizer alone.
Gaba-betaine modulates SIRT1 and p16INK4A expression during high-glucose induced endothelial cell senescence
Authors: D’Onofrio Nunzia , Servillo Luigi , Giovane Alfonso , Casale Rosario , Cautela Domenico , Castaldo Domenico , Balestrieri Maria Luisa
Published: August 2017

Gaba-betaine (γ-aminobutyric acid betaine, GabaBet), a betaine formed by trimethyllysine (TML), is a precursor of the L-carnitine biosynthesis. Betaine, quaternary ammonium compounds, are naturally occurring osmoprotectants or compatible solutes with a widespread distribution in plant and animal kingdoms. Among betaines, stachydrine (N,N-dimethyl-L-proline) (ProBet), abundant in citrus fruit juices, inhibits the deleterious effect of high-glucose (hGluc) on endothelial cells (EC). Hyperglycaemia induces endothelial dysfunction and vascular complications by promoting EC senescence, altering antioxidant enzyme involved in the system defence against reactive oxygen species (ROS), and limiting the cell proliferative potential. This study was designed to determine the possible effect of GabaBet against the hGluc-induced oxidative injury. Evaluation of cell viability revealed that GabaBet does not affect cell proliferation from 0.001 to 1mM up to 72 h. Of interest, co-treatment for 48 h with GabaBet (0.1 mM) and hGluc (30 mM) (GabaBet+hGluc) attenuated the EC growth arrest in the G0/G1 cell cycle phase. GabaBet counteracted the hGluc induced upregulation of p16INK4A and the increased superoxide dismutase activity. Moreover, the downregulation of sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) expression, occurring under hGluc conditions, is significantly blocked by GabaBet. On the whole, results show that beneficial effects of GabaBet in the prevention of hGluc-induced endothelial senescence is paralleled by the modulation of SIRT1 and p16INK4A expression levels.
Possible roles of transglutaminases in molecular mechanisms responsible for cancer and human neurodegenerative diseases
Authors: Misso Gabriella , Gatta Nicola Gaetano , Zarone Mayra Rachele , Cammarota Gaetano , Grimaldi Anna , Gentile Vittorio
Published: August 2017

Transglutaminases are a family of Ca2+- dependent enzymes which catalyze posttranslational modifications of proteins. The main activity of these enzymes is the crosslinking of glutaminyl residues of a protein/peptide substrate to lysyl residues of a protein/peptide co-substrate. In addition to lysyl residues, other second nucleophilic co-substrates may include monoamines or polyamines (to form mono- or bi-substituted/ crosslinked adducts) or -OH groups (to form ester linkages). In absence of co-substrates, the nucleophile may be water, resulting in the net deamidation of the glutaminyl residue. Transglutaminase activity has been suggested to be involved in molecular mechanisms responsible for either physiological or pathological processes. In particular, transglutaminase activity has been shown to be responsible for human autoimmune diseases and Celiac Disease is just one of them. Interestingly, cancer and neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s Disease, Parkinson’s Disease, supranuclear palsy and Huntington’s Disease, are characterized in part by aberrant transglutaminase activity and by increased cross-linked proteins in affected tissues. This review describes the possible molecular mechanisms by which these enzymes could be responsible for such diseases and the possible use of transglutaminase inhibitors for patients with diseases characterized by aberrant transglutaminase activity.
Genome-wide profiling of congenital insulin-like growth factor-1 deficient patients: translational implications in cancer prevention and metabolism
Authors: Werner Haim , Gendler Lena Lapkina , Nagaraj Karthik , Sarfstein Rive , Laron Zvi
Published: August 2017

Laron syndrome (LS) is a rare genetic disorder identified in the 1950s by Professor Zvi Laron. LS results from mutation of the growth hormone receptor (GH-R) gene, leading to congenital insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF1) deficiency and dwarfism. Recent epidemiological studies have shown that LS patients do not develop cancer, emphasizing the crucial role of the IGF1 axis in cancer biology. Genome-wide profiling of LS patients conducted in our laboratory led to the identification of genes and signaling pathways that are over- or under-represented in LS compared to healthy controls of the same age range and ethnic group. Differentially expressed genes may be responsible for the association between lifetime low IGF1 values and protection from cancer. This experiment of nature may provide invaluable information that might translate into novel therapeutic approaches in modern oncology.
The sixth World Flora Online Council meeting held in South Africa
Authors: Le Roux M. Marianne , Klopper Ronell R. , Wyse Jackson Peter S. , Loizeau Pierre-Andre , Victor Janine E. , Sebola Joseph R.
Published: August 2017

Background: Biannual Council meetings are held with the aim of developing a World Flora Online (WFO) in response to Target 1 of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation (2011–2020).Objectives: To report on the sixth WFO Council meeting held in Pretoria, South Africa, on November 2016.Method: A WFO Council meeting (preceded by Taxonomic and Technical Working Group meetings) was hosted by the South African National Biodiversity Institute in Pretoria.Results: Significant progress with the development of the WFO portal was made.Conclusion: The WFO portal will be launched at the International Botanical Congress in China in 2017.
Instructional principles used to teach critical comprehension skills to a Grade 4 learner
Authors: Beck Suzanne , Condy Janet L.
Published: August 2017

The current approach to reading comprehension instruction is not producing the desired outcomes. Provincial, national and international tests indicate that more than half of South African learners cannot read, understand and answer basic comprehension questions. This research project was informed by Vygotsky’s socio-cultural theory. A case study was conducted with a ten-year old Grade 4 boy who experienced difficulty with understanding comprehension questions. A six-week intervention was designed to improve his comprehension abilities and to identify instructional principles that were appropriate for him. Interviews and observations were conducted and inductively analysed. Findings showed that the learner was well equipped to retrieve explicitly stated information but struggled with higher-order level questions such as drawing inferences or evaluating content. Certain instructional practices were more favourable than others when teaching reading strategies.
Cytologic features of tubular adenoma of ampulla causing distal common bile duct stricture: A case report and review of the literature
Authors: Mantoo Sangeeta , Sanaka Madhusudhan R. , Chute Deborah J.
Published: August 2017

Adenomas of the ampulla of Vater are distinctly rare, representing <10% of periampullary neoplasms. Very few reports of the cytologic features of ampullary adenomas are present in literature, particularly in bile duct brushing samples. A case report and review of the literature is presented. The typical cytologic features of ampullary adenomas on cytologic preparations include tall, thin columnar cells with mildly hyperchromatic elongated nuclei and nuclear pseudostratification, in a relatively clean background. The key differential diagnostic entities include invasive adenocarcinoma, thermal artifact, and reactive atypia.
A note on semi-conjugacy for circle actions
Authors: Bucher Michelle , Frigerio Roberto , Hartnick Tobias
Published: August 2017

We define a notion of semi-conjugacy between orientation-preserving actions of a group on the circle, which for fixed point free actions coincides with a classical definition of Ghys. We then show that two circle actions are semi-conjugate if and only if they have the same bounded Euler class. is claries some existing confusion present in the literature.
Determinants over graded-commutative algebras, a categorical viewpoint
Authors: Covolo Tiffany , Michel Jean-Philippe
Published: August 2017

We investigate linear superalgebra to higher gradings and commutation factors, given by arbitrary abelian groups and bicharacters. Our central tool is an extension, to monoidal categories of modules, of the Nekludova–Scheunert faithful functor between the categories of graded-commutative and supercommutative algebras. As a result we generalize (super-)trace, determinant and Berezinian to graded matrices over graded-commutative algebras. For instance, on homogeneous quaternionic matrices, we obtain a lift of the Dieudonné determinant to the skew-field of quaternions.
BIOLOGIC PROPERTIES OF DENGUE VIRUSES FOLLOWING SERIAL PASSAGE IN PRIMARY DOG KIDNEY CELLS: STUDIES AT THE UNIVERSITY OF HAWAII
Authors: HALSTEAD SCOTT B. , MARCHETTE NYVEN J.
Published: August 2017

Serial passage at low dilution of seven different wild-type dengue (DEN) viruses into primary dog kidney (PDK) cell cultures placed selective pressure that resulted in the following changes from parental phenotype: smaller plaques in LLC-MK2 cells, absent plaque formation in green monkey kidney cells, lack of a cytopathic effect in LLC-MK2 cells, shut-off of virus replication at high temperatures (temperature sensitivity), reduced virulence for rhesus monkeys manifested by reduced or absent viremia and/or absence of a secondary-type antibody response following homotypic challenge, and progressive increase in the mean day of death following intracerebral inoculation of sucking mice. Two DEN-1 strains showed most of these changes by the 15th PDK passage. Only one of two DEN-2 strains studied was carried to the 50th PDK passage at the University of Hawaii. For the latter strain, both the temperature of viral replicative shutoff and mouse neurovirulence were reduced. Three DEN-4 strains showed similar late-passage biologic marker changes. The observations made, although not exhaustive, provide laboratory correlates for virus strains that have shown reduced virulence but retained immunogenicity in humans. Candidate human vaccines have been prepared from five of the studied strains: DEN-1 (16007) at PDK 13, DEN-2 (16681 and S-16803) at PDK 50 or above, and DEN-4 (1036 and 341750) at PDK 48 and 20, respectively.
IMMUNOGENICITY AND PROTECTIVE EFFICACY OF RECOMBINANT VACCINE BASED ON THE RECEPTOR-BINDING DOMAIN OF THE PLASMODIUM VIVAX DUFFY BINDING PROTEIN IN AOTUS MONKEYS
Authors: ARÉVALO-HERRERA MYRIAM , CASTELLANOS ANGÉLICA , YAZDANI SYED S. , SHAKRI AHMAD RUSHDI , CHITNIS CHETAN E. , DOMINIK ROSALIE , HERRERA SÓCRATES
Published: August 2017

Invasion of human erythrocytes by Plasmodium vivax requires interaction between Duffy binding protein (PvDBP) and the Duffy blood group antigen. The receptor-binding domain of PvDBP lies in a conserved N-terminal, cysteine-rich region, region II (PvRII). PvRII is a valuable malaria subunit vaccine candidate for asexual blood stages. We have evaluated in Aotus monkeys the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of recombinant PvRII formulated in Freund’s and Montanide ISA720 adjuvants. Specific antibody titers were determined by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay after each of three doses of 50 μg of protein administered by the subcutaneous route. Immunization with PvRII formulated in Freund’s adjuvant yielded higher antibody titers than immunization with the Montanide ISA720 formulation and offered partial protection. Although the Montanide ISA720 formulation was immunogenic, it did not provide any protection. Given the immunogenicity and partial protection observed, further studies are needed to optimize the PvRII vaccine formulation with adjuvants suitable for human use.
Thermophysical characterization of the powder resulting from the solar drying of the Moringa oleifera leaves
Authors: Goudjinou Codjo , Ahouannou Clément , Chaffa Gédéon , Soumanou Mohamed M.
Published: August 2017

This paper presents the results of thermophysical characterization of the powder resulting from the solar drying of Moringa oleifera leaves. The desorption isotherms of the powder, are determined by the gravimetric static method. The models of B.E.T, Smith, Henderson, Iglesias and GAB are used for the smoothing of the experimental points. The Clausius-Clayperon and Gibbs-Helmholtz equation are used for the determination of thermodynamic properties. The isotherms obtained are with type II. The theoretical curves of GAB present a better similarity with the experimental curve at 55°C. The monolayer moisture content (Xm) is 6.32 and 7. 24 % at 30° C; 5.13 and 6.3% at 35 °C; 5.1 and 5.9 % at 45 °C; 4.22 and 4.66 % at 55 °C respectively for BET and GAB models. Isosteric and entropic heats are more important for low values of moisture content. The activation energy of desorption of the powder in the range of temperatures tested is -10.1009539 kJ/mol. Isokinetic temperature (Tβ) and the mean harmonic temperature (Thm) are respectively 301.2435K and 300.12342K and the free energy (ΔGβ) is 302.18 J/mol. The desorption process of the Powder is non-spontaneous and is done by controlled mechanisms enthalpic.Keywords: Moringa oleifera, Thermophysical characterization, Desorption isotherm, Thermodynamic properties, Modelization
Proton Therapy in the Treatment of Head and Neck Cancer
Authors: Katsoulakis Evangelia , Chernichenko Natalya , Schreiber David
Published: August 2017

Aim

To examine the value of proton therapy in relation to other treatment modalities in head and neck cancer.

Review

Proton therapy has evolved into more sophisticated and costly intensity-modulated proton therapy and has resulted in even greater dose reduction to normal critical structures at risk as compared with photon therapy. Early clinical studies in head and neck cancers, especially for tumors of the skull base and paranasal sinuses, suggest that proton therapy is excellent in terms of local control and is comparable to intensity-modulated radiation therapy photons but with lower rates of morbidity.

Results

There are many potential advantages to radiation therapy with protons. While there are many single institution studies examining the added value of protons to photon therapy, the value of proton therapy must be examined in prospective randomized clinical studies and across many subsites of head and neck cancer. Additional evidence is necessary to guide efficient clinical practice, patient selection, and tumors that are most likely to benefit from this treatment modality and justify proton therapy use given its significant cost.

How to cite this article

Katsoulakis E, Chernichenko N, Schreiber D. Proton Therapy in the Treatment of Head and Neck Cancer. Int J Head Neck Surg 2017;8(2):45-48.
The Evolution of Staging of Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinomas: A Structured Review
Authors: Le Mina N , Lee Erica , Singh Bhuvanesh
Published: August 2017

Among non-melanoma skin cancers, cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma entails the highest morbidity and mortality, and yet there is little guidance on how to identify the subset of cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas that behave aggressively. The staging of non-melanoma skin cancers is meant to provide this guidance, by dividing patients into groups for which survival differs between groups, is similar within each group, and consistently decreases with each increasing stage group. In the present review, we explore the history of how the staging of non-melanoma skin cancers, focusing on cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas, has evolved over time. We describe the common criticisms leveled at the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) staging rubric. We discuss alternative staging systems that have recently been proposed, and how they have stood up to validation. Finally, we preview the AJCC staging changes that will go into effect next year and lay out some future directions for the improvement of skin cancer staging.

How to cite this article

Le MN, Lee E, Singh B. The Evolution of Staging of Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinomas: A Structured Review. Int J Head Neck Surg 2017;8(2):57-63.
Müllerian Anomalies: A Cause for Primary Amenorrhea
Authors: Bhalerao Anuja V , Garg Richa
Published: August 2017

Introduction

Primary amenorrhea is a challenging entity as it affects the reproductive outcome. Primary amenorrhea is an absence of secondary sexual characters until 14 years of age or absence of menstruation with secondary sexual characters until 16 years of age.

Aim

The aim of this article is to study the frequency, etiologic causes, presentation, diagnosis, and optimal mode of management of primary amenorrhea.

Materials and methods

All girls who had not attained menarche until 16 years of age in the absence of secondary sexual characters and until 14 years, if no secondary sexual characters, and were willing for follow-up were subjected to investigations and were treated as per the etiology.

Results

Mayer–Rokitansky–Küster–Hauser (MRKH) syndrome was the most common cause of primary amenorrhea (42.85%) followed by imperforate hymen (28.57%) and transverse vaginal septum (21.42%), one each of low, mid, and high varieties. There was one case of androgen insensitivity syndrome.

Conclusion

Establishing correct diagnosis is essential for planning treatment and management strategies in primary amenorrhea as treatment goals are preservation of fertility and progression of normal development.

How to cite this article

Bhalerao AV, Garg R. Müllerian Anomalies: A Cause for Primary Amenorrhea. J South Asian Feder Obst Gynae 2017;9(3):221-224.
Gender-based Violence in Women attending Gynecology Outpatient Department in a Hospital of Western Nepal: An Issue of Endurance and Invisibility
Authors: Aryal Shreyashi , Pant Sagun B , Baniya Sebina
Published: August 2017

Introduction

Gender-based violence (GBV) is faced by many women in Nepal but health-seeking behavior is rare. A reproductive health facility may be the only place where a woman comes for a health visit. So, health care providers, especially gynecologists, play an important role to identify women suffering from GBV as they see clients suffering from the reproductive health effects of GBV on a daily basis. The purpose of this study was to find the prevalence and severity of GBV in women attending the outpatient department (OPD) and to compare their clinical diagnosis with those not facing GBV.

Materials and methods

This is a prospective study conducted at Lumbini Medical College Teaching Hospital for a period of 3 months enrolling 741 nonpregnant women attending the OPD. A structured questionnaire was used for interview to identify women facing abuse and to assess their gynecological problems.

Results

Out of 741 women, 172 faced GBV, so the prevalence was 23.21%. Emotional and physical abuse was the most common type of abuse faced by 56 (32.56%), but the severity was reported more in sexual abuse [8 (57.14%)]. Pain abdomen was the most common symptom [69 (40.12%)], and chronic pelvic pain (CPP) [60 (34.89%)] was the commonest clinical diagnosis made in these women. Chronic pelvic pain was diagnosed more in women facing abuse (p < 0.001).

Conclusion

In this study, about one in four women in reproductive age group had experienced GBV. Gynecology OPD of a tertiary hospital could be used as a screening setting that can assist in early detection and prevention of GBV in Nepal.

How to cite this article

Aryal S, Pant SB, Baniya S. Gender-based Violence in Women attending Gynecology Outpatient Department in a Hospital of Western Nepal: An Issue of Endurance and Invisibility. J South Asian Feder Obst Gynae 2017;9(3):225-229.