bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Immediate implant placement in anterior teeth with grafting material of autogenous tooth bone vs xenogenic bone
Authors: Wu Dong , Zhou Lin , Lin Jichao , Chen Jiang , Huang Wenxiu , Chen Yonghui
Published: November 2019

Background: The aim of the study was to compare the efficacy of the autogenous tooth bone and xenogenic bone grafted in immediate implant placement with bone defect. Methods: Thirty patients whose compromised anterior teeth need immediate implant placement were enrolled. Autogenous tooth bone made from the extracted teeth by chair-side or the xenogenic bone were used to repaired bone defect. Clinical examination, radiographic assessment about the horizontal bone change in the level of 0mm, 3mm and 6mm below the implant neck and the marginal bone loss were made immediately, 6 and 12 months after implant placement. Questionnaire of feeling was made at the time of removing the sutures. Results: All implants achieved the success criteria without any complications at the follow-up period. The percent of the horizontal bone change and the marginal bone loss at 6 and 12 months were almost the same between two groups (P>.05). The horizontal bone loss at the first or the latter 6 months is almost the same (P>.05). But the horizontal bone loss at the 6 mm level is less than the 0 mm and 3 mm levels at 6 and 12 months (P<.05). Meanwhile patients seem more satisfied with the autogenous tooth bone derived from the questionnaire. Conclusion: The bone volume change in the facial part of the implant after immediate placement is almost the same between two groups. Providing clinical evidence that the autogenous tooth bone made from compromised tooth can be an acceptable bone graft material.
A mixed methods systematic review of the effects of patient online self-diagnosing in the 'smart-phone society' on the healthcare professional-patient relationship and medical authority
Authors: Farnood Annabel , Johnston Bridget , Mair Frances S
Published: November 2019

The authors have withdrawn this preprint from Research Square
Comparative analysis of the oral microbiota between iron-deficiency anaemia (IDA) patients and healthy individuals by high throughput sequencing
Authors: Xi Ranhui , Wang Renke , Wang Yuan , Xiang Zhenting , Su Zhifei , Cao Zaiqiang , Xu Xin , Zheng Xin , Li Jiyao
Published: November 2019

Background: The relationship between oral microbiota and IE (infective endocarditis) is well established. Opportunistic pathogens in normal oral flora enter the bloodstream through daily oral cleaning or invasive dental procedures, leading to the occurrence of infective endocarditis. An in vitro iron-deficient condition leads to a drastic community shift in oral microbiota with increasing proportions of taxa related to infective endocarditis. To investigate the relationship among insufficient iron supply, oral microbiota and the risk of IE and to conduct a population amplification study, iron-deficiency anaemia is used as an in vivo model. Methods: This cross-sectional study enrolled 24 primary iron-deficiency anemia (IDA) patients from 2015.6 to 2016.6 from the hematology department of West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and 24 healthy controls. High-throughput sequencing compared the dental plaque microbiota of 24 IDA (iron-deficiency anaemia) patients and 24 healthy controls. Results: Sequences were classified into 12 phyla, 28 classes, 50 orders, 161 genera and 497 OTUs (the IDA and control groups shared the same 384 OTUs). Iron deficiency leads to lower internal diversity in the oral flora. The abundances of genera Corynebacterium, Neisseria, Cardiobacterium, Capnocytophaga, and Aggregatibacter were significantly higher in healthy controls, while genera Lactococcus, Enterococcus, Lactobacillus, Pseudomonas and Moraxella showed higher proportions in the IDA group (P<0.05). The relative abundances of genera Lactococcus, Enterococcus, Pseudomonas and Moraxella were significantly negatively correlated with the concentration of serum ferritin (P<0.05). Conclusions: Without an increase of oral streptococci, the main pathogen of IE, it is difficult to determine whether IDA can increase the risk of IE. However, the iron-deficient condition did lead to changes in the oral microbiota community structure. The genera that showed higher proportions in the IDA group were frequently reported as antibiotic-resistant. As antibiotics are commonly recommended to prevent IE before dental procedures, this study offers new ideas of personalized prevention of IE.
Elastography for the Diagnosis of High-Suspicion Thyroid Nodules Based on the 2015 American Thyroid Association Guidelines: A Multicenter Study
Authors: Li Hairu , Peng Yulan , Wang Yan , Ai Hong , Zhou Xiaodong , Yang Lichun , Yan Kun , Xiao Ying , Liu Lisha , Luo Baoming , Yong Qiang , Cong Shuzhen , Jiang Shuangquan , Fu Xin , Ma Buyun , Li Yi , Zhang Xixi , Gong Xue , Chen Haitao , Liu Wenying , Tang Ling , LV Xiaoyu , Zhao Xinbao , Li Liang , Tian Jiawei , Gan Kehong
Published: November 2019

Background: Accurate diagnosis of high-risk nodules of 2015 American thyroid association(ATA) would reduce invasive testing. Elastography is useful for identifying benign and malignant thyroid nodules. Aims: To investigate the diagnostic efficiency of elastography for high-suspicion thyroid nodules based on the 2015 guidelines in the Chinese population. Materials and Methods: A total of 1445 thyroid nodules were subjected to conventional ultrasound and strain elastography examinations. Receiver operating characteristic(ROC) curves were plotted to evaluate the diagnostic performance of elasticity score(ES) and strain ratio(SR). Logistic regression analysis was used to determine the predictors of malignancy. Results: The areas under the curve of ES and SR were 0.828 and 0.732. The sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value(PPV) and negative predictive value(NPV) of ES were 92.4%, 60.7%, 79.0%, 76.3% and 85.5% , and those of the SR were 81.1%, 50.1%, 68.9%, 65.9% and 67.9%. Logistic regression analysis showed that microcalcification (OR=5.290), taller than wide (OR=12.710), irregular margin (OR=10.117), extrathyroidal extension (OR=6.412), ES (OR=3.741) and SR (OR=1.083) were independent predictors of malignant thyroid nodules. Sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, PPV and NPV of ES were all superior in nodules ≥1 cm than in those <1 cm (95.0% vs 90.4%, 68.8% vs 56.8%, 85.9% vs 74.4%, 85.2% vs 69.9%, 87.8% vs 84.2%, respectively). Conclusions: Elastography with ES is valuable for assessment of high-suspicion thyroid nodules based on the 2015 ATA guidelines, especially in nodules ≥1 cm.
Effects on exercise and fitness outcomes of workplace physical activity interventions targeting older employees: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Merom Dafna , Stanaway Fiona , Sweeting Joanna J , Tiedemann Anne , Mumu Shirin J , Gebel Klaus , Ding Ding
Published: November 2019

Background: “Active Ageing” policy to delay retirement mean that maintaining the health and fitness of older employees has become increasingly important. This systematic review summarises the characteristics and effect on exercise and fitness outcomes of workplace physical activity (PA) interventions targeting older employees.

Methods: Five online databases were searched from inception to December 2018. Eligible studies were of any experimental design, included employees aged ≥50 years, had PA as an intervention component and reported PA-related outcomes.

Results: Titles and abstracts of 7470 records were screened and 16 unique interventions were included (3,215 participants). Eleven studies were RCTs. Six interventions targeted multiple risk factors (n=1,586) involving screening for cardiovascular disease risk factors, but had a non-specific description of the PA intervention. Four interventions targeted nutrition and PA (n=1,127), and six intervention (n=195) focused only on PA. Seven interventions were short –term (<15 weeks), six interventions lasted 6-9 months and three interventions were long-term (10-12 months). Interventions overwhelmingly targeted aerobic PA compared to strength, balance and flexibility. No studies involved screening for falls/injury risk. Computation of effect sizes (ES) was only possible in a maximum of three RCTs per outcome. ESs were statistically non-significant for all outcomes. ESs were medium for PA behaviour (ES=0.25 95% CI: -0.07 to 0.56), muscle strength (ES=0.27, 95%CI: -0.26- 0.80), cardiorespiratory fitness (ES=0.28, 95%CI: -22 to 0.78) and flexibility (ES=0.50, 95% CI: -0.04- 1.05) and large for balance (ES=1.29, 95% CI: -0.56- 3.15). GRADE criteria-rated quality of evidence were ‘low’ due to high risk of bias, imprecision and inconsistency.

Conclusions: The effect of workplace interventions for improving fitness outcomes of older employees is uncertain. There is a need for high-quality PA interventions that takes into account the broader PA recommendations for older adults. Such interventions should incorporate strength and balance training and screening of falls/injury risk in multi risk factors approaches.
Current status of integrating oncology and palliative care in Japan: A nationwide survey
Authors: Uneno Yu , Sato Kazuki , Morita Tatsuya , Nishimura Mayumi , Ito Satoko , Mori Masanori , Shimizu Chikako , Horie Yoshiki , Hirakawa Mami , Nakajima Takako Eguchi , Tsuneto Satoru , Muto Manabu
Published: November 2019

Background:
Palliative care (PC) is increasingly recognized as essential for oncology care, and several academic societies strongly recommend integrating oncology and palliative care (IOP) in daily practice. Similarly, the Japanese government encouraged the implementation of IOP through the Cancer Control Act of 2007; however, its detailed progress remains unclear. Therefore, this cross-sectional nationwide survey was conducted to investigate the current status and hospital executive physicians’ perception of IOP.
Methods:
The questionnaire was developed based on IOP indicators with international consensus. It was distributed to executive physicians at all government-designated cancer hospitals (DCHs, n = 399) and matched non-DCHs (n = 478) in November 2017 and the results were compared.
Results:
In total, 269 (67.4%) DCHs and 259 (54.2%) non-DCHs responded. The number of PC resources in DCHs was significantly higher than those in non-DCHs (e.g., full-time PC physicians and nurses, 52.8% vs. 14.0%, p < 0.001; availability of outpatient PC service ≥3 days per week, 47.6% vs. 20.7%, p < 0.001). Routine symptom screening was more frequently performed in DCHs than in non-DCHs (65.1% vs. 34.7%, p < 0.001). Automatic trigger for PC referral availability was limited (e.g., referral using time trigger, 14.9% vs. 15.3%, p = 0.700). Education and research opportunities were seriously limited in both types of hospitals. Most executive physicians regarded IOP as beneficial for their patients (95.9% vs. 94.7%, p = 0.163) and were willing to facilitate an early referral to PC services (54.7% vs. 60.0%, p < 0.569); however, the majority faced challenges to increase the number of full-time PC staff, and <30% were planning to increase the staff members.
Conclusions:
This survey highlighted a considerable number of IOP indicators met, particularly in DCHs probably due to the government policy. Further investigation is warranted whether those indicators effectively work in real clinical situations.
The prevalence of hrHPV among the isolated community in the Highland of Bario, Sarawak, East Malaysia
Authors: Jerip Abigail Rembui , Kipli Mardiana , Tan Cheng-Siang
Published: November 2019

Background
Malaysia has introduced the free Pap smear as the primary cervical cancer screening program since the 1960s but has only achieved the national coverage of 22%. The coverage would be much lower in the rural communities especially in Sarawak where many villages are still inaccessible by road, and communities are living in low resource settings. In this study, we have evaluated Qiagen’s careHPV system as a point-of-care HPV diagnostic test together with the visualization using acetic acid (VIA) in the isolated community in the Highland of Bario which are predominantly from the Kelabit ethnicity.
Methods
Women attending the cervical cancer outreach program were recruited. Consent was obtained and a cervical swab was clinician-collected and screened for High-risk HPV DNA using the careHPV system. Cervical examination using VIA was offered to all women age <50-year. hrHPV positive women were recruited during their follow-up session and the second cervical swab was collected for HPV genotyping using consensus primer-nested PCR to elucidate the infecting HPV genotypes.
Results
Seventy-five women from the age of 27-83 (mean age 55) attended the cervical cancer screening clinic and 8% (n=6/75) of them were positive for hrHPV. Only 33 women were screened using VIA and 21.2% (n=7/33) were found to be positive. A majority of the women (58.6%) were above the age of 50-year and not recommended for VIA to be performed. Thus, it was not feasible to correlate the results obtained from the HPV DNA test and VIA. Only four hrHPV positive women returned for follow-up and genotyping revealed HPV52 in 2 of four women tested suggesting that HPV52 may be the predominant genotype in Bario.
Conclusions
The careHPV system is portable and can be used in low resource settings as long as reliable electricity is available. We found that careHPV DNA test is more objective compared to VIA and can be used to screen women outside the recommended eligible age. This is especially true for older women in the rural who have never had any form of cervical cancer screening before.
Clinical and microbiological characteristics of hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae (hvKp) in a hospital from North China
Authors: Yang Yan , Liu Jian-Hua , Hu Xin-Xin , Zhang Wei , Nie Tong-Ying , Yang Xin-Yi , Wang Xiu-Kun , Li Congran , You Xue-Fu
Published: November 2019

Background: The clinical and molecular characteristics of hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae (hvKp) in various provinces of China have been reported, however, there have been few reports in Hebei Province, North China.
Methods: The hvKp was identified by PCR amplification of hypervirulence-related genes, the hypermucoviscous phenotype was determined by the "string test", the drug susceptibility analysis was performed using the VITEK ® 2 Compact Bacterial Identification and Monitoring System. The molecular epidemiological characteristics of the strains were analyzed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), and the capsular serotype of hvKp strain was detected by PCR.
Results: A total of 59 hvKp were detected, and the hypermucoviscous positive rate of hvKp was significantly higher than that of classical Klebsiella pneumoniae (cKp). Univariate analysis showed that the age [odds ratio (OR) = 1.025], a pulmonary disease (OR = 5.886), or a polymorphonuclear (PMN) cell count (OR = 1.045) were statistically significant risk factors for hvKp infection. HvKp are more susceptible to antibacterial drugs than cKp ( P < 0.05), and one ESBLs-producing hvKp strain was detected. The main capsular serotype of hvKp were K2, K57 and K1. PFGE indicated that the 59 strains of hvKp could be classified into 51 PFGE band types, forming 6 PFGE clusters (A, B, C, D, E, and F clusters, at least three isolates with > 75% similarity for each cluster).
Conclusions: The hvKp rate in our study was significantly higher than that in previous reports. Pulmonary disease (OR = 5.373) was an independent risk factors associated with hvKp infection. And K2, K57 and K1 serotype were the main serotype of hvKp in our study.
Henry More i Isaac Newton o działaniu materii – kontekst neoplatoński
Authors: Kucharski Dariusz
Published: November 2019

Jednym z głównych wyzwań stojących przed filozofami przyrody XVII wieku było znalezienie odpowiedzi na pytanie, co sprawia, że materia w ogóle działa? Dziedzictwo ‘materii pierwszej’ i jej czystej potencjalności było wciąż żywe, a przyjęcie teorii korpuskularnej czy atomistycznej niewiele tu zmieniało, dominowało wciąż przekonanie o całkowitej bierności ciał. Ich działanie domagało się jakiegoś wyjaśnienia, które stanowiłoby odpowiednik arystotelesowskiej, niematerialnej i aktywnej, formy. Wydaje się, że jedną z tradycji filozoficznych, do których sięgano w poszukiwaniu takiego wyjaśnienia, była emanacyjna metafizyka Plotyna. W systemach XVII-wiecznych ulegała ona różnorodnym modyfikacjom, ale jej główna idea, wskazująca na aktywną rolę pewnych ‘zasad’, czy ‘duchów’ odpowiedzialnych za inicjowanie wszelkich zmian w materii i kierowanie nimi zgodnie z zamysłem Stwórcy, pozostawała fundamentem ówczesnych teorii działania materii. Przykładem takich rozwiązań są systemy Henry’ego More’a i jego dobrego znajomego z Cambridge, Izaaka Newtona. W pierwszym przypadku nie ma wątpliwości co do zasadniczego wpływu neoplatonizmu, w drugim jednak zdania historyków są podzielone. Newton sięga bowiem w poszukiwaniu ‘aktywnych zasad’ do badań alchemicznych, z nadzieją odnalezienia owych zasad nie tylko przy odwołaniu się do filozoficznych spekulacji, ale także do metod eksperymentalnych. Różnica ta jednak nie zmienia faktu, że obaj filozofowie starają się odkryć sposób działania ‘duchów aktywnych’, wahając się między umieszczeniem w cząstkach materii wielu odrębnych zasad a wskazaniem na zasadę jedną, działającą uniwersalnie i będącą niejako przedłużeniem Bożego ramienia – More nazywa ją Duchem Natury (Vicarious Power of God), a Newton upatruje jej ostatecznie w Chrystusie (Viceroy of God).
Legal Consequences of the Prohibition on Widows’ Remarriage in Roman Law
Authors: Niczyporuk Piotr , Kołodko Piotr
Published: November 2019

In the archaic period violations of the prohibition relating to mourning was regarded as a nefas and hence subject to penalisation under religious law. A widow guilty of an infringement was required to make an expiatory sacrifce known as a piaculum, viz. a bovis feta. This religious and customary practice underwent a series of transformations and eventually became a law (ius). In the pre-classical period the prohibition on the remarriage of widows in the period of mourning was perceived primarily as subject to penalties laid down by civil law. This was due to the question of the paternity of any oﬀspring such a widow might bear in the tempus lugendi. The edictum perpetuum names the persons who were liable to infamy if they committed a breach of the prohibition on the remarriage of a widow within the period of mourning for her deceased husband. Such persons could neither engage in postulare pro aliis nor act as a procurator or cognitor. One of the consequences of a sentence of praetorian infamy was the convicted person’s forfeiture of the right to appoint his or her plenipotentiaries for legal proceedings.The classical period brought fundamental changes in the law on remarriage. Nonetheless, even though Augustus encouraged citizens to remarry, yet his legal provisions left widows a certain period of time following the loss of their husband in which they could refrain from remarrying. The reason behind this legal arrangement was not so much mourning as such; it was rather a question of Augustus wanting to show his respect for univirae (women who had been married only once). Augustus kept in force the provisions that gave a bad reputation to people who violated the prohibition of widows’ remarriage. The significance and eﬀectiveness of these regulations made them a subject for jurists’ commentary, on account of the need to avoid situations where the paternity of children born to widows was uncertain. The prohibition on the remarriage of widows also shows that the creators of these regulations wanted marriage to be contracted primarily for the purpose of procreation, which would ensure the continuation of Roman families, especially as regards the perpetuation of their sacra, nomina, and pecunia.
‘SI TANTI SIT OPERA, QUANTI DAMNUM EST’. WKŁAD POLEGAJĄCY NA ŚWIADCZENIU PRACY A UTRATA MAJĄTKU WNIESIONEGO DO SPÓŁKI
Authors: Benincasa Zuzanna
Published: November 2019

Artykuł poświęcony jest zagadnieniu sytuacji wspólnika wnoszącego do spółki wkład polegający na opera w obliczu utraty majątku wniesionego do spółki przez pozostałych socii. Zagadnienie to w prawie rzymskim miało szczególne znaczenie w odniesieniu do spółek, w których wspólnicy nie tworzyli współwłasności określonego majątku, ale realizowali wspólny cel, oddając do dyspozycji spółki pieniądze, czy inne rzeczy określone gatunkowo lub indywidualnie. Jak wynika z analizowanych tekstów źródłowych, utrata takich wkładów, jeżeli nastąpiła podczas realizacji celu spółki, była uważana za stratę obciążającą wszystkich wspólników w proporcji do posiadanych przez nich udziałów. W takiej sytuacji wspólnik, który partycypował we wspólnym przedsięwzięciu jedynie w formie opera, mógł się znaleźć w niekomfortowej sytuacji, wymagającej od niego wyrównania pozostałym socii części poniesionej straty w kapitale. W szczególności problem ten dotyczył spółek, w których tylko jeden ze wspólników świadczył dla spółki pracę polegającą na inwestowaniu środków pochodzących od innych socii, ponieważ w obliczu utraty środków przeznaczonych na realizację spółki, wspólnik ten był na równi z pozostałymi obciążony taką stratą, nie otrzymując żadnego wynagrodzenia za świadczoną dla spółki pracę. Zdaniem autorki nie można więc wykluczyć, że propozycja Serviusa Sulpiciusa, by możliwe było w umowie spółki zwolnienie wspólnika świadczącego pracę w całości lub części od udziału w stratach, stanowiąca źródło kontrowersji nazywanej w tradycji literackiej magna quaestio, miała stanowić remedium na takie potraktowanie wkładu polegającego na świadczeniu pracy, postulując potraktowanie wnoszonej do spółki opera jako ekwiwalentu ekonomicznego wkładu określanego przez jurystów terminem pecunia.
An Expeditious One-Pot Three-Component Synthesis of 4-Aryl-3,4-dihydrobenzo[g] quinoline-2,5,10(1H)-triones under Green Conditions
Authors: Kamalifar Saiedeh , Kiyani Hamzeh
Published: November 2019

:

An efficient and facial one-pot synthesis of 4-aryl-3,4-dihydrobenzo[g]quinoline- 2,5,10(1H)-triones was developed for the first time. The process proceeded via the three-component cyclocondensation of 2-amino-1,4-naphthoquinone with Meldrum’s acid and substituted benzaldehydes under green conditions. The fused 3,4-dihydropyridin-2(1H)- one-ring naphthoquinones have been synthesized with good to high yields in refluxing ethanol as a green reaction medium. This protocol is simple and effective as well as does not involve the assistance of the catalyst, additive, or hazardous solvents.
Butyrylcholinesterase: A Multifaceted Pharmacological Target and Tool
Authors: Ha Zhe Ying , Mathew Shintu , Yeong Keng Yoon
Published: November 2019

Butyrylcholinesterase is a serine hydrolase that catalyzes the hydrolysis of esters in the body. Unlike its sister enzyme acetylcholinesterase, butyrylcholinesterase has a broad substrate scope and lower acetylcholine catalytic efficiency. The difference in tissue distribution and inhibitor sensitivity also points to its involvement external to cholinergic neurotransmission. Initial studies on butyrylcholinesterase showed that the inhibition of the enzyme led to the increment of brain acetylcholine levels. Further gene knockout studies suggested its involvement in the regulation of amyloid-beta, a brain pathogenic protein. Thus, it is an interesting target for neurological disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease. The substrate scope of butyrylcholinesterase was recently found to include cocaine, as well as ghrelin, the “hunger hormone”. These findings led to the development of recombinant butyrylcholinesterase mutants and viral gene therapy to combat cocaine addiction, along with in-depth studies on the significance of butyrylcholinesterase in obesity. It is observed that the pharmacological impact of butyrylcholinesterase increased in tandem with each reported finding. Not only is the enzyme now considered an important pharmacological target, it is also becoming an important tool to study the biological pathways in various diseases. Here, we review and summarize the biochemical properties of butyrylcholinesterase and its roles, as a cholinergic neurotransmitter, in various diseases, particularly neurodegenerative disorders.
Macromolecular Prodrugs Containing Organoiron-Based Compounds in Cancer Research: A Review
Authors: Mukaya Elie Hembe , Mbianda Xavier Yangkou
Published: November 2019

Among the methods used for the treatment of cancer, chemotherapy is widely used, and it is by far one of the most unpleasant procedures given to a patient because of its severe side effects; while being necessary. One of the major problems in cancer chemotherapy is the limited selectivity of most of the drugs in current clinical use. Following administration, the active agent is distributed over the entire body and reaches not only the target cells or tissues but also interacts with healthy cells. In an attempt to overcome the side effects of anticancer drugs, the modification of the anticancer bioactive compounds has been a topic of active research for years. Numerous delivery systems such as drugcontaining liposomes, microencapsulation, nanoparticles, and water-soluble polymers have been used for the delivery of bioactive compounds to the site of action. Water-soluble polymeric conjugates and co-conjugates have remained the most outstanding delivery technique. This review will discuss the development of polymeric conjugates and co-conjugates of ferrocene in cancer research.
Effect of Tumor Suppressor MiR-34a Loaded on ZSM-5 Nanozeolite in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: In Vitro and In Vivo Approach
Authors: Salah Zeinab , Abd El Azeem Eman M. , Youssef Hanan F. , Gamal-Eldeen Amira M. , Farrag Abdel R. , El-Meliegy Emad , Soliman Bangly , Elhefnawi Mahmoud
Published: November 2019

Background:

MicroRNA modulation therapy has shown great promise to treat hepatocellular
carcinoma (HCC), however Efficient tissue-specific and safe delivery remains a major challenge.

Objective:

We sought to develop an inorganic-organic hybrid vehicle for the systemic delivery of the
tumor suppressor miR-34a, and to investigate the efficiency of the delivered miR-34a in the treatment
of HCC in vitro and in vivo.

Methods:

In the present study, pEGP-miR cloning and expression vector, expressing miR-34a, was
electrostatically bound to polyethyleneimine (PEI), and then loaded onto ZSM-5 zeolite nanoparticles
(ZNP). Qualitative and quantitative assessment of the transfection efficiency of miR-34a construct in
HepG2 cells was applied by GFP screening and qRT-PCR, respectively. The expression of miR-34a
target genes was investigated by qRT-PCR in vitro and in vivo.

Results:

ZNP/PEI/miR-34a nano-formulation could efficiently deliver into HepG2 cells with low cytotoxicity,
indicating good biocompatibility of generated nanozeolite. Furthermore, five injected doses
of ZNP/PEI/miR-34a nano-formulation in HCC induced male Balb-c mice, significantly inhibited tumor
growth, and demonstrated improved cell structure, in addition to a significant decrease in alphafetoprotein
level and liver enzymes activities, as compared to the positive control group. Moreover,
injected ZNP/PEI/miR-34a nano-formulation led to a noticeable decrease in the CD44 and c-Myc levels.
Results also showed that ZNP/PEI/miR-34a nano-formulation inhibited several target oncogenes
including AEG-1, and SOX-9, in vitro and in vivo.

Conclusion:

Our results suggested that miR-34a is a powerful candidate in HCC treatment and that
AEG-1 and SOX-9 are novel oncotargets of miR-34a in HCC. Results also demonstrated that our
nano-formulation may serve as a candidate approach for miR-34a restoration for HCC therapy, and
generally for safe gene delivery.
Effects of Morphine on Interstitial Cells of Cajal in Rabbit Colon and Small Intestinal Transit: An Experimental Study
Authors: Yang Heng , Jin Xiao-Ju , Luo Hong , Li Yuan-Hai
Published: November 2019

Objective:

This study aims to investigate the effect of morphine with naloxone on intestinal peristalsis and the number of interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC) in colon tissues of rabbits.

Methods:

Thirty rabbits were randomly divided into five groups (n=6, each group): saline control group (NS group), low concentration of morphine group (L group), medium concentration of morphine group (M group), high concentration of morphine group (H group), medium concentration of morphine and naloxone mixed with antagonist group (NM group). Rabbits in these five groups were administered with an epidural puncture tube and dorsal epidural analgesia pump, and were continuously infused for seven days. Fecal characteristics were observed, and the ink propulsion rate was calculated. The expression level of ICC C-kit protein in colon tissues was tested by western blot.

Results:

The stool characteristics in the L, M and H groups were more severe than those in the NS and NM groups. Furthermore, the intestinal propulsion rate in the L, M and H groups was lower than that in the NS and NM groups. The C-kit mRNA and protein expression in the colon of rabbits were significantly lower in the L, M and H groups, when compared to the NS and NM groups.

Conclusions:

Naloxone blocked the mRNA and protein expression of C-kit, and improved intestinal motor function.
Safety and Efficacy of Intra-arterial Tirofiban Injection During Mechanical Thrombectomy for Large Artery Occlusion
Authors: Yi Ho J. , Sung Jae H. , Lee Dong H.
Published: November 2019

Objective:

The safety and effect of intra-arterial (IA) tirofiban, a glycoprotein IIb/IIIa
inhibitor, during the stent retriever mechanical thrombectomy (MT) was investigated.

Methods:

From January 2015 to May 2019, a total of 327 patients underwent mechanical thrombectomy
of large artery occlusions (LAO). Patients were classified into two groups: MT with IA
tirofiban (MTT) group and MT only (MTO, without IA tirofiban) group. Clinical outcomes, radiological
results, and various complications, such as post thrombectomy hemorrhage, symptomatic
hemorrhage, other systemic bleeding, and hemorrhagic transformation of infarct were evaluated by
comparing the MTT group and MTO group. In addition, subgroup analysis was performed for patients
who underwent MT with prior intravenous (IV) tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA).

Results:

The MTT group needed a lower mean number of stent passes and showed a re-occlusion
rate as compared with the MTO group (P=0.038 and 0.022, respectively). Between the two groups,
there were no statistically significant differences in post thrombectomy hemorrhage, symptomatic
hemorrhage, other systemic bleeding complications, or hemorrhagic transformation of infarct (P =
0.511, 0.397, 0.429, and 0.355, respectively). In the subgroup analysis, similar findings were observed.

Conclusion:

The use of IA tirofiban during MT seems to be safe and potentially more effective
than only MT without IA tirofiban, even in patients who used IV t-PA before MT.
Vitamin D and Depression in Women: A Mini-review
Authors: Boulkrane Mohamed Said , Fedotova Julia , Kolodyaznaya Valentina , Micale Vincenzo , Drago Filippo , van den Tol Annemieke Johanna Maria , Baranenko Denis
Published: November 2019

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Affective-related disorders, including depression, are constantly rising, complicating people's personal lifestyle increasing disqualification and hospital care. Because of the high intensity of urbanization, our lifestyle and food have altered dramatically in the last twenty years. These food modifications have been associated with scores of depression and other affective-related disorders in urbanized countries with high economic levels. Nutrients imbalance is considered as one of the critical causes enabling the pathophysiological mechanisms for the development of psychiatric disorders. The application of additional nutritional interventions for treatment of mood deteriorations can be beneficial for both the prophylaxis and therapy of affective-related disorders. This paper will review recent research on the relation of Vitamin D levels and the epidemiology of depression in women.

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In this paper, we will provide an overview of the results of a variety of different studies taking into account research which both suggests and refutes an association. Based on these findings we will propose important directions for future research in relation to this topic.
Relationships Between HIV-Mediated Chemokine Coreceptor Signaling, Cofilin Hyperactivation, Viral Tropism Switch and HIV-Mediated CD4 Depletion
Authors: He Sijia , Wu Yuntao
Published: November 2019

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HIV infection causes CD4 depletion and immune deficiency. The virus infects CD4 T cells through binding to CD4 and one of the chemokine coreceptors, CXCR4 (X4) or CCR5 (R5). It has also been known that HIV tropism switch, from R5 to X4, is associated with rapid CD4 depletion, suggesting a key role of viral factors in driving CD4 depletion. However, the virological driver for HIV-mediated CD4 depletion has not been fully elucidated. We hypothesized that HIV-mediated chemokine coreceptor signaling, particularly chronic signaling through CXCR4, plays a major role in CD4 dysfunction and depletion; we also hypothesized that there is an R5X4 signaling (R5X4sig) viral subspecies, evolving from the natural replication course of R5-utilizing viruses, that is responsible for CD4 T cell depletion in R5 virus infection. To gain traction for our hypothesis, in this review, we discuss a recent finding from Cui and co-authors who described the rapid tropism switch and high pathogenicity of an HIV-1 R5 virus, CRF01_AE. We speculate that CRF01_AE may be the hypothetical R5X4sig viral species that is rapidly evolving towards the X4 phenotype. We also attempt to discuss the intricate relationships between HIV-mediated chemokine coreceptor signaling, viral tropism switch and HIV-mediated CD4 depletion, in hopes of providing a deeper understanding of HIV pathogenesis in blood CD4 T cells.
Phytoextracts as Antibacterials: A Review
Authors: Chandra Goutam , Mukherjee Devaleena , Ray Anushree Singha , Chatterjee Soroj , Bhattacharjee Indranil
Published: November 2019

Botanicals have been cultured to flavour food, to treat health disorders and to put a
stop to diseases caused by various microorganisms. The awareness of curative features of
different medicinal plants has been spread among human communities. The application of herbal
products as antimicrobial agents may be a better choice for the extensive and imprudent use of
synthetic antibiotics. World Health Organization recommended traditional medicines as the safest
remedies for the treatment of diseases of microbial origin. The plant extracts are generally nonhazardous,
available in plenty at reasonable prices, biodegradable, eco-friendly and sometimes
show broad-spectrum activities against different microorganisms. The current knowledge on plant
extracts, phytochemicals and their antibacterial activity, target specific mechanism of action,
solvents deployed during extraction, properties of an active ingredient isolated may help in
biological control of bacteria. Antimicrobial properties of different plant parts, which act in a low
dose, have been organised separately for easy understanding.
Prediction of Lipophilicity of some Quinolone Derivatives by using Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship
Authors: Shirmohammadi Meysam , Mohammadinasab Esmat , Bayat Zakiyeh
Published: November 2019

Objective:

Quantitative structure activity relationship (QSAR) was used to study the
partition coefficient of some quinolones and their derivatives.

Methods:

These molecules are broad-spectrum antibiotic pharmaceutics. First, data were divided
into two categories of train and test (validation) sets using a random selection method. Second,
three approaches, including stepwise selection (STS) (forward), genetic algorithm (GA), and simulated
annealing (SA) were used to select the descriptors, to examine the effect feature selection
methods. To find the relation between descriptors and partition coefficient, multiple linear regression
(MLR), principal component regression (PCR) and partial least squares (PLS) were used.

Results:

QSAR study showed that both regression and descriptor selection methods have a vital
role in the results. Different statistical metrics showed that the MLR-SA approach with (r2=0.96,
q2=0.91, pred_r2=0.95) gives the best outcome.

Results:

The proposed expression by the MLR-SA approach can be used in the better design
of novel quinolones and their derivatives.
Phospholipase Cγ Signaling in Bone Marrow Stem Cell and Relevant Natural Compounds Therapy
Authors: Liu Chang , He Yuan , Xu Xiaobing , He Baorong
Published: November 2019

Excessive bone resorption has been recognized play a major role in the development of bone-related diseases such as osteoporosis, rheumatoid arthritis, Paget's disease of bone, and cancer. Phospholipase Cγ (PLCγ) family members PLCγ1 and PLCγ2 are critical regulators of signaling pathways downstream of growth factor receptors, integrins, and immune complexes and play a crucial role in osteoclast. Ca2+ signaling has been recognized as an essential pathway to the differentiation of osteoclasts. With growing attention and research about natural occurring compounds, the therapeutic use of natural active plant-derived products has been widely recognized in recent years. In this review, we summarized the recent research on PLCγ signaling in bone marrow stem cells and the use of several natural compounds that were proven to inhibit RANKL-mediated osteoclastogenesis via modulating PLCγ signaling pathways.
Gene Regulatory Network Construction Based on a Particle Swarm Optimization of a Long Short-term Memory Network
Authors: Tang Zhenhao , Chai Xiangying , Wang Yu , Cao Shengxian
Published: November 2019

Background:

The Gene Regulatory Network (GRN) is a model for studying the
function and behavior of genes by treating the genome as a whole, which can reveal the gene
expression mechanism. However, due to the dynamics, nonlinearity, and complexity of gene
expression data, it is a challenging task to construct a GRN precisely. And in the circulating
cooling water system, the Slime-Forming Bacteria (SFB) is one of the bacteria that helps to form
dirt. In order to explore the microbial fouling mechanism of SFB, constructing a GRN for the
fouling-forming genes of SFB is significant.

Objective:

Propose an effective GRN construction method and construct a GRN for the foulingforming
genes of SFB.

Methods:

In this paper, a combination method of Long Short-Term Memory Network (LSTM) and
Mean Impact Value (MIV) was applied for GRN reconstruction. Firstly, LSTM was employed to
establish a gene expression prediction model. To improve the performance of LSTM, a Particle
Swarm Optimization (PSO) was introduced to optimize the weight and learning rate. Then, the
MIV was used to infer the regulation among genes. In view of the fouling-forming problem of
SFB, we have designed electromagnetic field experiments and transcriptome sequencing
experiments to locate the fouling-forming genes and obtain gene expression data.

Results:

In order to test the proposed approach, the proposed method was applied to three datasets:
a simulated dataset and two real biology datasets. By comparing with other methods, the
experimental results indicate that the proposed method has higher modeling accuracy and it can be
used to effectively construct a GRN. And at last, a GRN for fouling-forming genes of SFB was
constructed using the proposed approach.

Conclusion:

The experiments indicated that the proposed approach can reconstruct a GRN
precisely, and compared with other approaches, the proposed approach performs better in
extracting the regulations among genes.
Insulin Resistance in Apolipoprotein M Knockout Mice is Mediated by the Protein Kinase Akt Signaling Pathway
Authors: Yao Shuang , Zhang Jun , Zhan Yuxia , Shi Yuanping , Yu Yang , Zheng Lu , Xu Ning , Luo Guanghua
Published: November 2019

Background:

Previous clinical studies have suggested that apolipoprotein M (apoM) is involved in glucose metabolism and plays a causative role in insulin sensitivity.

Objective:

The potential mechanism of apoM on modulating glucose homeostasis is explored and differentially expressed genes are analyzed by employing ApoM deficient (ApoM-/- ) and wild type (WT) mice.

Methods:

The metabolism of glucose in the hepatic tissues of high-fat diet ApoM-/- and WT mice was measured by a glycomics approach. Bioinformatic analysis was applied for analyzing the levels of differentially expressed mRNAs in the liver tissues of these mice. The insulin sensitivity of ApoM-/- and WT mice was compared using the insulin tolerance test and the phosphorylation levels of protein kinase Akt (AKT) and insulin stimulation in different tissues were examined by Western blot.

Results:

The majority of the hepatic glucose metabolites exhibited lower concentration levels in the ApoM-/- mice compared with those of the WT mice. Gene Ontology (GO) classification and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis indicated that ApoM deficiency affected the genes associated with the metabolism of glucose. The insulin tolerance test suggested that insulin sensitivity was impaired in ApoM-/- mice. The phosphorylation levels of AKT in muscle and adipose tissues of ApoM-/- mice were significantly diminished in response to insulin stimulation compared with those noted in WT mice.

Conclusion:

: ApoM deficiency led to the disorders of glucose metabolism and altered genes related to glucose metabolism in mice liver. In vivo data indicated that apoM might augment insulin sensitivity by AKT-dependent mechanism.
Facile Preparation of WO3 Nanowires by Bubble-Electrospinning and their Photocatalytic Properties
Authors: Xu Chi , Ling Zhong W. , Qi Zhen , Liu Run , Liu Yu Q.
Published: November 2019

Background:

As a relatively novel and promising method, the bubble electrospinning is to
fabricate continuous and uniform nanowires using an aerated polymer solution in an electric field. A
large number of oxidized docking nanowires were established on a silicon substrate using the bubble
electrospinning, and then using Tungsten Oxide Ammonium (AMT) as an appropriate calcined air with
the WO3 sources. WO3 production can enhance its catalytic activity, stability, and can raise its rhodamine
B degradation rate as well; the prospect of its wide application.

Methods:

The high aspect ratio of WO3 nanowires is successfully prepared by a lightweight bubble
electrospinning technique using Polyoxyethylene (PEO) and Ammonium-Tungstate (AMT) as the
WO3 precursor after annealing in air at 400, 450 and 500°C, respectively. The products were characterized
by SEM, FTIR, XRD, and TG analysis. This Paper reviews the related patents on bubble electrospinning
and WO3 nanowires.

Results:

The results were shown that the diameter of WO3 nanowires ranges from 2μm to 450nm,
which varies with the calcination temperature. XRD diffraction and infrared spectroscopy showed that
monoclinic crystals were prepared at different calcination temperatures (400, 450 and 500°C).

Conclusion:

In addition, the UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy showed that the fiber had a
bandgap energy of 2.63 eV after calcination at 450oC, showing excellent photocatalytic activity in the
degradation of Rh B at 245 nm. The preparation of WO3 nanowires by bubble electrospinning method
is a feasible patented technology.
Last Patents on Bubble Electrospinning
Authors: Liu Guo-Liang , Zhang Yu-Meng , Tian Dan , Zhou Bang-Ze , Lu Zhen-Qian , Wang Chun-Xia
Published: November 2019

Due to their unique properties, nanofibers have been widely used in various areas, for
example, information industry, pharmaceutical application, environmental industry, textile and
clothing, etc. Bubble electrospinning is one of the most important non-needle electrospinning methods
for nanofiber fabrication. It usually uses polymer bubbles for the production of nanomaterials by using
electrostatic force, flowing air or mechanical force to overcome the surface tension of bubbles. Bubble
electrospinning mainly includes bubble electrospinning and blown bubble electrospinning. History of
the development of bubble electrospinning is briefly introduced in this article, and the most promising
patents on the technology are elucidated. The methods of bubble electrospinning are single bubble
electrospinning, porous bubble electrospinning, blown bubble electrospinning, electrostatic-fieldassisted
blown bubble spinning and others. These different bubble electrospinning methods are also
discussed in this paper.
T1 and T2 Mappings in the Early Diagnosis of Achilles Tendinosis
Authors: Tbini Zeineb , Mars Mokhtar , Chelli Mouna
Published: November 2019

Objective:

The purpose of this study was to compare T1 and T2 relaxation times of normal and pathologic Achilles Tendon (AT) in order to evaluate the ability of these methods to detect early Achilles tendon tendinosis.

Materials and Methods:

Forty-eight subjects were included in this study. Twenty-two subjects were classified as normal group and twenty-six subjects as patient group with tendinosis. MR examination was performed by 3 Tesla scanner using a 12 channel head coil. For relaxation times quantification, we used a sagittal 3D FLASH variable flip angle gradient echo UTE sequence (3D VFA-GE UTE) for T1 mapping and a sagittal Multi Echo Spin Echo sequence (MESE) for T2 mapping. Relaxation times were quantified using two different algorithms written in MATLAB. P value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results:

Our results showed a statistically significant difference in T1 and T2 values for the normal group compared to the patient group (p<0.05). Mean values of T1 and T2 were 571.69 ms and 24.16 ms for the normal group and 818.10 ms and 32.43 ms for the patient group, respectively. Results reported no correlation (r=0.193) for T1 mapping and a positive significant moderate correlation (r=0.542, p=0.000) for T2 mapping between the normal and patient groups. T1 and T2 showed no correlation in the normal group (r= 0.091, p=0.489) and a positive significant weak correlation in the patient group (r=0.263, p=0.048).

Conclusion:

We concluded that T1 and T2 relaxation times are relatively sensitive to diagnosis degenerative changes in the AT and T1 is more sensitive to AT tendinosis compared to T2.
Comparative Study of Fuzzy PID and PID Controller Optimized with Spider Monkey Optimization for a Robotic Manipulator System
Authors: Agrawal Alka , Goyal Vishal , Mishra Puneet
Published: November 2019

Background:

Robotic manipulator system has been useful in many areas like chemical
industries, automobile, medical fields etc. Therefore, it is essential to implement a controller for controlling
the end position of a robotic armeffectively. However, with the increasing non-linearity and
the complexities of a robotic manipulator system, a conventional Proportional-Integral-Derivative
controller has become ineffective. Nowadays, intelligent techniques like fuzzy logic, neural network
and optimization algorithms has emerged as an efficient tool for controlling the highly complex nonlinear
functions with uncertain dynamics.

Objective:

To implement an efficient and robustcontroller using Fuzzy Logic to effectively control
the end position of Single link Robotic Manipulator to follow the desired trajectory.

Methods:

In this paper, a Fuzzy Proportional-Integral-Derivativecontroller is implemented whose
parameters are obtainedwith the Spider Monkey Optimization technique taking Integral of Absolute
Error as an objective function.

Results:

Simulated results ofoutput of the plants controlled byFuzzy Proportional-Integral-
Derivative controller have been shown in this paper and the superiority of the implemented controller
has also been described by comparing itwith the conventional Proportional-Integral-Derivative
controller and Genetic Algorithm optimization technique.

Conclusion:

From results, it is clear that the FuzzyProportional-Integral-Derivativeoptimized with
the Spider monkey optimization technique is more accurate, fast and robust as compared to the Proportional-
Integral-Derivativecontroller as well as the controllers optimized with the Genetic algorithm
techniques.Also, by comparing the integral absolute error values of all the controllers, it has
been found that the controller optimized with the Spider Monkey Optimization technique shows
99% better efficacy than the genetic algorithm technique.