bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
proTF: a comprehensive data and phylogenomics resource for prokaryotic transcription factors
Authors: Bai Jie , Wang Junrong , Xue Feng , Li Jingsong , Bu Lijing , Hu Junming , Xu Gang , Bao Qiyu , Zhao Guoping , Ding Xiaoming , Yan Jie , Wu Jinyu
Published: July 2010

Summary: Investigation of transcription factors (TFs) is of extreme significance for gleaning more information about the mechanisms underlying the dynamic transcriptional regulatory network. Herein, proTF is constructed to serve as a comprehensive data resource and phylogenomics analysis platform for prokaryotic TFs. It has many prominent characteristics: (i) detailed annotation information, including basic sequence features, domain organization, sequence homolog and sequence composition, was extensively collected, and then visually displayed for each TF entry in all prokaryotic genomes; (ii) workset was employed as the basic frame to provide an efficient way to organize the retrieved data and save intermediate records; and (iii) a number of elaborated tools for phylogenomics analysis were implemented to investigate the evolutionary roles of specific TFs. In conclusion, proTF dedicates to the prokaryotic TFs with integrated multi-function, which will become a valuable resource for prokaryotic transcriptional regulatory network in the post-genomic era.

Availability:  http://centre.bioinformatics.zj.cn/proTF

Contact:  med_bp@zju.edu.cn; iamwujy@yahoo.com.cn
Natural killer cells support the induction of protective immunity during dendritic cell‐mediated vaccination against Leishmania major
Authors: Remer Katharina A. , Roeger Bianca , Hambrecht Christine , Moll Heidrun
Published: July 2010

Dendritic cell (DC)‐mediated vaccination against Leishmania major induces a parasite‐specific T helper 1 (Th1) response and long‐lasting protective immunity in susceptible mice. As the cytokine interleukin‐12 required for induction of this Th1 response is not derived from the transferred DC, but has to be produced by the vaccinated host, we examined cross‐presentation of transferred DC via resident DC of the host and cross‐activation with natural killer (NK) cells as mechanisms supporting the induction of protective immunity after DC‐mediated vaccination. Co‐culture with DC that had been conditioned ex vivo by loading with L. major lysate and stimulation with CpG‐containing oligodeoxynucleotides did not result in the activation of naive DC in vitro. Furthermore, L. major antigen from conditioned DC was not cross‐presented to a significant extent in vivo. In contrast, co‐culture of DC with NK cells led to cross‐activation of both cell populations with induction of interferon‐γ, which was dependent on the activation status of the conditioned DC. Transient depletion of NK cells during vaccination of L. major‐susceptible mice with conditioned DC resulted in reduced protection. Our findings indicate that cross‐presentation of conditioned DC after DC‐based vaccination against L. major plays a minor role in the induction of protective immunity. However, we demonstrated for the first time that the capacity of DC to mediate protection against L. major is supported by cross‐activation with NK cells of the host and NK‐cell‐derived interferon‐γ.
Deep habitats are important for juvenile Atlantic salmon Salmo salar L. in large rivers
Authors: Linnansaari T. , Keskinen A. , Romakkaniemi A. , Erkinaro J. , Orell P.
Published: July 2010

Linnansaari T, Keskinen A, Romakkaniemi A, Erkinaro J, Orell P. Deep habitats are important for juvenile Atlantic salmon Salmo salar L. in large rivers. Ecology of Freshwater Fish 2010: 19: 618–626. © 2010 John Wiley & Sons A/S

Abstract –  Juvenile Atlantic salmon were studied by underwater video surveillance and self contained underwater breathing apparatus‐diving in deep (i.e. >1.0 m), fast flowing areas of two large river systems (River Teno, River Tornionjoki) in northern Finland. Both video and diving data indicated that young‐of‐the‐year (YOY) salmon (0+) and salmon parr (>0+) readily utilised habitats deeper than 1 m. Young‐of‐the‐year salmon and parr were observed through a range of 0.5–1.9 m and 0.4–2.2 m, respectively. A negative linear relationship between the mean abundance of YOY salmon and mean depth was noted from the diving transects. Salmon parr were similarly abundant throughout the range of depths studied. Video data showed that deep habitats were used throughout the summer (June–August). It was concluded that deep, fast‐flowing areas in large rivers may constitute a significant habitat resource for juvenile salmon that has not been traditionally accounted for when estimating salmon production.
British Society for Histocompatibility & Immunogenetics and British Transplantation Society Guidelines for the Detection and Characterisation of Clinically Relevant Antibodies in Allotransplantation
Authors: Howell W. M. , Harmer A. , Briggs D. , Dyer P. , Fuggle S. V. , Martin S. , Sinnott P. , Smith J. , Taylor C. J. , Vaughan R.
Published: July 2010

Ongoing technological developments in antibody detection and characterisation allowing relative quantitation of HLA‐specific antibody levels, combined with crossmatch results, now allow a graded assessment of patient potential donor immunological risk for allotransplantation, rather than a simple ‘positive’ or ‘negative’ categorization of crossmatch results. These developments have driven a thorough revision of the British Society for Histocompatibility & Immunogenetics and British Transplantation Society Guidelines for the Detection and Characterisation of Clinically Relevant Antibodies in Allotransplantation. These newly published revised Guidelines contain a number of recommendations as to best practice for antibody detection and crossmatching for the transplantation of a wide range of solid organs and tissues. These recommendations are briefly summarized in this article.
Mobility saturation in tapered edge bottom contact copper phthalocyanine thin film transistors
Authors: Royer James E. , Park Jeongwon , Colesniuc Corneliu , Lee Joon Sung , Gredig Thomas , Lee Sangyeob , Jin Sungho , Schuller Ivan K. , Trogler William C. , Kummel Andrew C.
Published: July 2010

Copper phthalocyanine (CuPc) thin film transistors were fabricated using a tapered edge bottom contact device geometry, and mobility saturation was observed for devices with CuPc thicknesses of 12 monolayers (MLs) and greater. The mobility saturation is attributed to a significantly decreased contact resistance resulting from a bilayer resist lift-off method, as compared with a single layer resist lift-off method. Threshold voltages are also found to saturate above 12 ML CuPc thicknesses.
Autocrine Purinergic Receptor Signaling Is Essential for Macrophage Chemotaxis
Authors: Kronlage Moritz , Song Jian , Sorokin Lydia , Isfort Katrin , Schwerdtle Tanja , Leipziger Jens , Robaye Bernard , Conley Pamela B. , Kim Hee-Cheol , Sargin Sarah , Schön Peter , Schwab Albrecht , Hanley Peter J.
Published: July 2010

Amplification of outside-in chemotactic signaling by inside-out purinergic signaling drives macrophage migration.
Decoupling of Receptor and Downstream Signals in the Akt Pathway by Its Low-Pass Filter Characteristics
Authors: Fujita Kazuhiro A. , Toyoshima Yu , Uda Shinsuke , Ozaki Yu-ichi , Kubota Hiroyuki , Kuroda Shinya
Published: July 2010

The Akt pathway can serve as a signal decoupler, converting a weak receptor signal into a strong effector signal.
ANALYSIS OF THE ABSORPTION EFFECTS IN THE COULOMB EXCITATION OF NEUTRON-RICH SULFUR ISOTOPES
Authors: KUMAR RAJIV , KHARAB RAJESH , SHARMA H. C.
Published: July 2010

We have investigated the absorption effects in the Coulomb excitation of neutron-rich 38,40,42 S -isotopes on Au target at energies around 40 MeV/A within the framework of the relativistic Coulomb excitation (RCE) theory. It has been found that when the minimum impact parameter is taken as sum of the radii of the interacting nuclei the Coulomb excitation cross section reduces by 19–23% due to absorption effects. In addition, the absorption effects have been found to be marginal at beam energies more than 200 MeV/A.
NUCLEAR STRUCTURE OF 150Sm IN THE DPPQ MODEL AND IBM
Authors: GUPTA J. B. , KUMAR K. , HAMILTON J. H.
Published: July 2010

The decay pattern of the low lying levels in the shape transitional nucleus 150 Sm is analyzed in terms of the quasi-vibrational and quasi-rotational collective model. The Dynamic Pairing plus quadrupole Model in the microscopic theory of the collective model is employed to predict extensive structure characteristics. The potential energy surface (PES), the spectroscopic factors and the E2, E0 transition rates from the DPPQ model are illustrated. Comparison is made with the predictions in the Interacting Boson Model (IBM-1). A correspondence is demonstrated of the effect of the control parameter in the two models on the calculated nuclear structure. The study of the wave functions of the two spin I = 2 excited states in IBM is carried out. The alternative view of an anharmonic vibrator and a soft rotor is discussed in terms of the E2 transition rates and other structural characteristics.
A LOCAL LIMIT THEOREM FOR CONTINUED FRACTIONS
Authors: SZEWCZAK ZBIGNIEW S.
Published: July 2010

It is shown that functionals of digits in continued fraction expansion satisfy either the DeMoivre–Gnedenko or the Shepp–Stone limit theorems if and only if their marginals are in the domain of attraction of the normal law.
PEER-TO-PEER REASONING FOR INTERLINKED ONTOLOGIES
Authors: SCHLICHT ANNE , STUCKENSCHMIDT HEINER
Published: July 2010

The Semantic Web is commonly perceived as a web of partially-interlinked machine readable data. This data is inherently distributed and resembles the structure of the web in terms of resources being provided by different parties at different physical locations. A number of infrastructures for storing and querying distributed semantic web data, primarily encoded in RDF have been developed. While there are first attempts for integrating RDF Schema reasoning into distributed query processing, almost all the work on description logic reasoning as a basis for implementing inference in the Web Ontology Language OWL still assumes a centralized approach where the complete terminology has to be present on a single system and all inference steps are carried out on this system. We have designed and implemented a distributed reasoning method that preserves soundness and completeness of reasoning under the original OWL import semantics and has beneficial properties regarding parallel computation and overhead caused by communication effort and additional derivations. The method is based on sound and complete resolution methods for the description logic [Formula: see text] that we modify to work in a distributed setting.
ONTOGRATE: TOWARDS AUTOMATIC INTEGRATION FOR RELATIONAL DATABASES AND THE SEMANTIC WEB THROUGH AN ONTOLOGY-BASED FRAMEWORK
Authors: DOU DEJING , QIN HAN , LEPENDU PAEA
Published: July 2010

Integrating existing relational databases with ontology-based systems is among the important research problems for the Semantic Web. We have designed a comprehensive framework called OntoGrate which combines a highly automatic mapping system, a logic inference engine, and several syntax wrappers that inter-operate with consistent semantics to answer ontology-based queries using the data from heterogeneous databases. There are several major contributions of our OntoGrate research: (i) we designed an ontology-based framework that provides a unified semantics for mapping discovery and query translation by transforming database schemas to Semantic Web ontologies; (ii) we developed a highly automatic ontology mapping system which leverages object reconciliation and multi-relational data mining techniques; (iii) we developed an inference-based query translation algorithm and several syntax wrappers which can translate queries and answers between relational databases and the Semantic Web. The testing results of our implemented OntoGrate system in different domains show that the large amount of data in relational databases can be directly utilized for answering Semantic Web queries rather than first converting all relational data into RDF or OWL.
Fenofibrate promotes ischemia-induced revascularization through the adiponectin-dependent pathway
Authors: Li Ping , Shibata Rei , Maruyama Sonomi , Kondo Megumi , Ohashi Koji , Ouchi Noriyuki , Murohara Toyoaki
Published: July 2010

Recent clinical trials demonstrated that PPARα agonist fenofibrate reduces cardiovascular events, including limb amputation in people with type 2 diabetes. Here, we investigated whether fenofibrate modulates the revascularization process in a mouse model of hindlimb ischemia. Treatment with fenofibrate led to acceleration of revascularization of ischemic hindlimb relative to the contralatereal limb in wild-type (WT) mice, as measured by laser Doppler blood flow and capillary density analyses. Treatment of WT mice with fenofibrate increased the serum levels of adiponectin, which has protective actions on the vasculature. Of importance, fenofibrate had no effects on the revascularization in ischemic limbs of adiponectin-deficient (APN-KO) mice. Fenofibrate stimulated the phosphorylation of AMPK and eNOS in the ischemic muscles in WT mice but not in APN-KO mice. AMPK inhibitor compound C suppressed fenofibrate-induced increase in limb perfusion and AMPK phosphorylation in ischemic muscle in WT mice without affecting adiponectin levels. NOS inhibitor l-NAME also blocked the increased blood flow of ischemic limbs in fenofibrate-treated WT mice. Our observations suggest that fenofibrate could promote revascularization in response to ischemia through adiponectin-dependent AMPK signaling.
Intense electroacupuncture normalizes insulin sensitivity, increases muscle GLUT4 content, and improves lipid profile in a rat model of polycystic ovary syndrome
Authors: Johansson Julia , Feng Yi , Shao Ruijin , Lönn Malin , Billig Håkan , Stener-Victorin Elisabet
Published: July 2010

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is associated with hyperandrogenism and insulin resistance, possibly reflecting defects in skeletal muscle and adipocyte insulin signaling. Low-frequency (2 Hz) electroacupuncture (EA) increases insulin sensitivity in female rats with dihydrotestosterone (DHT)-induced PCOS, but the mechanism is unclear. We hypothesized that low-frequency EA regulates mediators involved in skeletal muscle glucose uptake and metabolism and alters the lipid profile in rats with DHT-induced PCOS. To test this hypothesis, we implanted in prepubescent female rats 90-day continuous-release pellets containing DHT (PCOS). At 70 days of age, the rats were randomly subdivided into two groups: one received low-frequency EA (evoking muscle twitches) for 20–25 min five times/wk for 4–5 wk; the other did not. Controls were implanted with pellets containing vehicle only. All three groups were otherwise handled similarly. Lipid profile was measured in fasting blood samples. Insulin sensitivity was determined by euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp, soleus muscle protein expression of glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4), and phosphorylated and nonphosphorylated Akt, and Akt substrate of 160 kDa was determined by Western blot analysis and GLUT4 location by immunofluorescence staining. PCOS EA rats had normalized insulin sensitivity, lower levels of total high-density lipoprotein and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and increased expression of GLUT4 in different compartments of skeletal muscle compared with PCOS rats. Total weight and body composition did not differ in the groups. Thus, in rats with DHT-induced PCOS, low-frequency EA has systemic and local effects involving intracellular signaling pathways in muscle that may, at least in part, account for the marked improved insulin sensitivity.
Steroid Receptor Coactivator-3 Expression in Lung Cancer and Its Role in the Regulation of Cancer Cell Survival and Proliferation
Authors: Cai Di , Shames David S. , Raso Maria Gabriela , Xie Yang , Kim Young H. , Pollack Jonathan R. , Girard Luc , Sullivan James P. , Gao Boning , Peyton Michael , Nanjundan Meera , Byers Lauren , Heymach John , Mills Gordon , Gazdar Adi F. , Wistuba Ignacio , Kodadek Thomas , Minna John D.
Published: July 2010

Steroid receptor coactivator-3 (SRC-3) is a histone acetyltransferase and nuclear hormone receptor coactivator, located on 20q12, which is amplified in several epithelial cancers and well studied in breast cancer. However, its possible role in lung cancer pathogenesis is unknown. We found SRC-3 to be overexpressed in 27% of non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients (n = 311) by immunohistochemistry, which correlated with poor disease-free (P = 0.0015) and overall (P = 0.0008) survival. Twenty-seven percent of NSCLCs exhibited SRC-3 gene amplification, and we found that lung cancer cell lines expressed higher levels of SRC-3 than did immortalized human bronchial epithelial cells (HBEC), which in turn expressed higher levels of SRC-3 than did cultured primary human HBECs. Small interfering RNA–mediated downregulation of SRC-3 in high-expressing, but not in low-expressing, lung cancer cells significantly inhibited tumor cell growth and induced apoptosis. Finally, we found that SRC-3 expression is inversely correlated with gefitinib sensitivity and that SRC-3 knockdown results in epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor–resistant lung cancers becoming more sensitive to gefitinib. Taken together, these data suggest that SRC-3 may be an important oncogene and therapeutic target for lung cancer. Cancer Res; 70(16); 6477–85. ©2010 AACR.
Novel PHEX Gene Mutation Associated with X Linked Hypophosphatemic Rickets
Authors: Chandran M. , Chng C.L. , Zhao Y. , Bee Y.M. , Phua L.Y. , Clarke B.L.
Published: July 2010

Introduction: X-linked hypophosphatemia (XLH) is characterized by renal phosphate wasting with hypophosphatemia, short stature, and rachitic manifestations. Clinical Picture: We describe a novel nonsense mutation in exon 3 of the PHEX gene (Glu96X (c.286G>T) causing XLH in a mother and daughter of Indian ancestry. The mother was noted to have concomitant vitamin D insufficiency. Conclusion: Our report identifies a novel nonsense mutation in the PHEX gene causing XLH. It also highlights the fact that the presence of concomitant vitamin D insufficiency should not preclude the diagnosis of familial forms of hypophosphatemic rickets, especially if more than one family member is affected.
Characterisation of prostate cancer lesions in heterozygous Men1 mutant mice
Authors: Seigne Christelle , Fontanière Sandra , Carreira Christine , Lu Jieli , Tong Wei-Ming , Fontanière Bernard , Wang Zhao-Qi , Zhang Chang Xian , Frappart Lucien
Published: July 2010

Background

Mutations of the MEN1 gene predispose to multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1) syndrome. Our group and others have shown that Men1 disruption in mice recapitulates MEN1 pathology. Intriguingly, rare lesions in hormone-dependent tissues, such as prostate and mammary glands, were also observed in the Men1 mutant mice.

Methods

To study the occurrence of prostate lesions, we followed a male mouse cohort of 47 Men1
+/- mice and 23 age-matched control littermates, starting at 18 months of age, and analysed the prostate glands from the cohort.

Results

Six Men1
+/- mice (12.8%) developed prostate cancer, including two adenocarcinomas and four in situ carcinomas, while none of the control mice developed cancerous lesions. The expression of menin encoded by the Men1 gene was found to be drastically reduced in all carcinomas, and partial LOH of the wild-type Men1 allele was detected in three of the five analysed lesions. Using immunostaining for the androgen receptor and p63, a basal epithelial cell marker, we demonstrated that the menin-negative prostate cancer cells did not display p63 expression and that the androgen receptor was expressed but more heterogeneous in these lesions. Furthermore, our data showed that the expression of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor CDKN1B (p27), a Men1 target gene known to be inactivated during prostate cell tumorigenesis, was notably decreased in the prostate cancers that developed in the mutant mice.

Conclusion

Our work suggests the possible involvement of Men1 inactivation in the tumorigenesis of the prostate gland.
Divergência genética entre subamostras de mandioca
Authors: Nick Carlos , Carvalho Samuel Pereira de , Jesus Adriana Madeira Santos , Custódio Telde Natel , Marim Bruno Garcia , Assis Luiz Henrique Bambini de
Published: July 2010

Objetivou-se no presente estudo, estimar a diversidade genética entre 75 clones F1, 19 variedades locais ou "landraces" e seis cultivares comerciais, sugerir com base na dissimilaridade e no desempenho agronômico, subamostras com potencial para uso em programas de hibridação ou como cultivares e estimar a contribuição relativa de cada característica fenotípica para a diversidade. As subamostras foram avaliadas por meio de sete caracteres quantitativos relacionadas à parte aérea e à produção de raízes tuberosas em experimento realizado em Lavras, Minas Gerais. O delineamento utilizado foi um látice simples 10x10, com parcelas de 2,4 m² e quatro plantas úteis. A divergência genética foi expressa por meio da distância generalizada de Mahalanobis, com posterior agrupamento das subamostras pelo método de otimização de Tocher. A contribuição relativa das características para a diversidade baseou-se no método de Singh (1981). Há divergência genética entre as subamostras estudadas, sendo as subamostras 60, 61, 66 e 67 potencialmente úteis a participarem de fases seguintes em um programa de melhoramento. O rendimento de biomassa da parte aérea e o número de raízes tuberosas por planta foram mais importantes para a discriminação das subamostras.
Estudo de associação entre anticorpos anticardiolipinas e fenômenos vasculares periféricos em pacientes com esclerodermia sistêmica
Authors: Liberati Ana Paula Torres , Ribeiro Camila Ferrari , Skare Thelma
Published: July 2010

Isquemia é comum em esclerodermia sistêmica e é causada por vasoespasmo e trombose. As autoras analisaram a associação de eventos vasculares periféricos e anticorpos anticardiolipinas (aCl) em 54 esclerodérmicos. Em 100% deles existia Raynaud; 59,2% apresentaram cicatrizes estelares; 43,3%, telangiectasias; 14,8%, fenômenos tromboembólicos periféricos. ACl IgG foram positivos em 9,2% dos casos e o IgM, em 7,4%. Fenômenos embólicos periféricos estão associados a aCl IgG (p=0,03), não se encontrando associação com demais manifestações.
A New Gene Interaction in the Endosperm of Maize1
Authors: Kramer H. H. , Whistler Roy L. , Anderson E. G.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

A gene with slight morphological effects in normal dent endosperm, which increases amylose content to about 60% without increasing water‐soluble polysaccharides, is described. It is inherited as a simple recessive. The symbol ha (high amylose) is proposed, and it is shown that chromosome 5 carries the ha locus.
The Distribution of Excreta by Freely Grazing Cattle and Its Effect on Pasture Fertility: I. Excretal Distribution1
Authors: Petersen R. G. , Lucas H. L. , Woodhouse W. W.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

The negative binomial distribution function is used to characterize quantitatively the time‐space distribution of excreta from freely‐grazing animals over long periods of time; the Poisson distribution function was found to be reasonably accurate over short periods. Proportion of pasture covered by 0, 1, 2, … excretions during a grazing period appears to depend primarily on mean excretal density at the end of the period, and to be practically independent of the size and shape of the pasture.
The Effect of Height and Frequency of Cutting on The Yield and Botanical Composition of Tall Fescue and Smooth Bromegrass Mixtures1
Authors: Burger A. W. , Jackobs J. A. , Hittle C. N.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Tall fescue‐legume mixtures produced more dry matter per season than smooth bromegrass‐legume mixtures. Tall fescue combinations, compared to smooth bromegrass combinations, were especially high yielding at the pasture frequency of cutting, at last harvests in each season, and in non‐Ladino clover versus Ladino clover mixtures. Smooth bromegrass was less persistent than tall fescue when in mixture with legumes and there was a higher percentage of legumes and more weed encroachment in the bromegrass‐legume mixtures.
Estimates of Optimum Plot Size for Soybean Yield Trials1
Authors: Brim Charles A. , Mason David D.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Size was estimated from an index of soil heterogeneity (Smith's b) and cost estimates in man‐hours. An average value for b of 0.529 was obtained. For guarded plots the optimum plot size was estimated as 3.6 times the basic unit (3 by 8 feet). Plots of 2 basic units were for all practical purposes as efficient as the estimated optimum from the standpoint of relative cost per unit of information for cost estimates obtained.
Effect of Organic Soil Amendments on the Rhizoctonia Disease of Snap Beans1
Authors: Davey C. B. , Papavizas G. C.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Some correlation was found between numbers of rhizosphere fungi and ratios of bacteria to streptomycetes in the rhizosphere with disease severity. Protection imparted by amendments varied with time after incorporation.
Seperation of Trisomic and Diploid Barley Seeds Produced by Interchange Heterozygotes1
Authors: Ramage R. T. , Day A. D.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

A seed blower can be used to obtain seed lots that contain a high frequency of trisomics since most of these are found in the lighter seed.
Grain Sorghum Caryopsis Development: II. Changes in Chemical Composition1
Authors: Kersting J. F. , Pauli A. W. , Stickler F. C.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Changes in amounts of nitrogen, total sugars, starch, and acid hydrolyzable carbohydrates followed closely changes in dry weight of Combine Kafir‐60 sorghum caryopses harvested at 3‐day intervals after pollination. Diastatic activity was closely associated with percentage germination.
Soil Aeration and Plant Root Relations I. Theory1
Authors: Lemon E. R.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

This paper theoretically approaches the problem of adequacy of oxygen for normal root respiration in the soil environment. First to be considered is the root oxygen “demand” aspect of the problem. This is followed by considering the “supply” characteristics of the soil environment. It is theoretically shown that the two aspects of the problem are interdependent and cannot be divorced.
Radiant Energy Utilized in Evapotranspiration1
Authors: Tanner C. B. , Lemon E. R.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

An evaluation of the amount of radiant energy utilized in evapotranspiration under field conditions briefly considers the radiation balance, the various components of the energy balance and their relative magnitudes, and the crop and soil factors influencing the amount of the net radiation exchange utilized in evapotranspiration. Data presented show that when soil moisture is available and a substantial crop cover shades the ground most of the net radiation is used in the evapotranspiration process.
Growth and Yield of Cotton as Affected by the Time of a Single Irrigation1
Authors: Marani A. , Horwitz M.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

A single irrigation, applied at the beginning of flowering, improved the lint yield of cotton by increasing boll size and number of bolls. An earlier or later irrigation, applied at the initiation of flower‐bud formation or at the peak of flowering, was less effective. The later irrigation, however, resulted in bigger bolls and longer and more mature lint.
Direct and Residual Effects of Two Mixtures of Nitrogen and Phosphorus Upon the Growth of Acala Cotton in the Pecos Valley1
Authors: Clark R. E.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Both the direct and residual effects of N and P fertilizer were representable as segments of the same linear regression equation of yield of lint on axis nodes, length of plants, N content, N uptake, yield of dry matter, harvestable bolls, and P uptake. Yield of lint did not show a regression on P content. Absorption and utilization of applied N dominated the growth and fruiting of Acala cotton for two years after application.
Photosynthesis Under Field Conditions. VII. Radiant Energy Exchanges Within a Corn Crop Canopy and Implications in Water Use Efficiency1
Authors: Allen L. H. , Yocum C. S. , Lemon E. R.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Data are assembled giving sinks of shortwave radiation within a corn crop canopy. From these data, and from net radiation measurements obtained at 225‐, 175‐, 100‐, and 20‐cm. heights within a crop of corn 300 cm. high, net thermal radiation is calculated at those respective heights. Transmission data at those heights, using a Miller field light transmission photometer, indicate that shortwave transmission can be expressed as an exponential function of height as well as of cumulative leaf area index.
Prediction of Soil Moisture Under Meadow1
Authors: Shaw R. H.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Soil moisture was estimated under a meadow crop for different periods during the growing season. The potential rate of evapotranspiration was estimated from Class A open‐pan evaporation data. Stage of plant development and soil moisture stress factors were included in the prediction technique.
Population Variability in Small Grains1
Authors: Jensen N. F.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

A philosophical consideration is given of the limits of crop purity and the related subjects of meiosis, off‐types, seed standards, and seed stocks maintenance in the small grains. A major distinction is made between off‐types associated with (1) system (plant) fallibilities, and (2) procedural (human) fallibilities. The implications to small grain breeding are discussed.
Forage and Turf Potential of Giant Bermudagrass in the Southeastern United States1
Authors: Cooper Raymond B. , Burton Glenn W.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Giant bermudagrass yielded no more forage than common bermudagrass and only about 55% as much as Coastal bermudagrass whether cut weekly or at five‐week intervals. Giant bermudagrass was inferior to common bermudagrass as a turf grass. It gradually gave way to common bermudagrass when mowed but had not been eliminated after two years of very close, weekly mowing.
Influence of Moisture Regime on Optimum Nitrogen Level and Plant Population for Corn: A Game Theoretic Analysis
Authors: Swanson Earl R. , Tyner Edward H.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

The results of an experiment giving the effect on corn yield of nitrogen application, plant population, and available soil moisture during a critical 17‐day period are used to construct yields for each of 58 seasons. These yields are used to estimate payoff matrices which, in turn, form the basis for obtaining the optimum nitrogen level‐plant population combinations specified by each of four game theory models.
Effects of Frequent Clipping at Different Stubble Heights on Western Wheatgrass (Agropyron smithii, Rydb.)1
Authors: Everson A. C.
Published: July 2010

Western wheatgrass plants clipped at different stubble heights 4 times at 3‐week intervals produced less oven dry yield of tops, roots and rhizomes than nonclipped plants. The crude protein content per gram was greater in the three plant parts of the clipped plants than in the nonclipped. The soluble sugars and starch per gram were less in the three plant parts of the clipped plants. With the exception of crude protein in the tops, the total yields of crude protein, soluble sugars and starch were greater in the tops, roots and rhizomes of the nonclipped plants.
Nodulating and Nonnodulating Soybean Isolines: I. Agronomic and Chemical Attributes1
Authors: Weber C. R.
Published: July 2010

Agronomic and chemical attributes for a pair of nodulating and nonnodulating soybean isolines were field‐tested under varying environmental and soil conditions for 6 years. The nonnodulating line usually gave large increases in the following attributes with increased amounts of applied N: seed and dry matter yields, seed size, protein in seed and dry matter, plant height, and lodging suceptibility. Maturity date was delayed. Oil content was the only attribute that decreased. The nodulating line gave very small responses in these attributes with increasing N under the same conditions.

With adequate N, yield and all other attributes in the isolines were essentially alike except for the nodulating character. Elemental N obtained through fixation by the nodulating line supplemented soil N; in contrast, the nonnodulating line used only available soil N.

With moisture limiting, the attributes of the isolines were equalized at 50 pounds per acre of applied N; with favorable moisture, the isolines were not quite equalized in their attributes with 150 pounds per acre of applied N. When corncobs were used to partly immobilize soil N, the isoline traits were essentially equalized with 600 pounds per acre of applied N.

Nonseed dry matter to seed yield ratios for the nonnodulating line increased with stresses for moisture, N, or both. Consistently smaller ratios for the nodulating line compared with the nonnodulating line may indicate that symbiotic N may be more biologically suitable for seed production than combined N.
Effects of Salinity on Nodulation, Nitrogen Fixation, and Growth of Soybeans and Alfalfa1
Authors: Bernstein Leon , Ogata Gen
Published: July 2010

The growth, nodulation, and nitrogen content of nitrogen‐fertilized and nitrogen‐fixing soybeans and alfalfa were compared at four levels of salinity (0 to 5.4 atm added NaCl) in gravel culture. Salinity was more inhibitory to the growth of inoculated Lee soybeans than of nitrate‐fertilized cultures. Nodulation was strongly reduced at 5.4 atm of added NaCl, and the dry‐weight percentage of nodules decreased significantly with increasing salinity of the medium. Nodulation of California Common alfalfa was only slightly affected by salinity, and relative growth inhibition by salinity was the same for the nitrogen‐fertilized and the nitrogen‐fixing cultures.
Total Ash and Potassium Content of Stalks as Related to Stalk Strength in Corn (Zea mays L.)1
Authors: Zuber M. S. , Loesch P. J.
Published: July 2010

This study was conducted to augment and elucidate results of previous studies with corn which indicated that stalk lodging was positively correlated with ash, potassium, and silicon content of mature stalks. Six stalklodging susceptible and 6 stalk‐lodging resistant inbreds were tested in replicated experiments at 2 locations for 3 years. Total ash and potassium content of mature stalks were determined. The total ash content of the 6 stalk‐lodging resistant lines was smaller than for the 6 stalk‐lodging susceptible lines, and differences between the 2 groups were very large. Potassium content followed about the same pattern as ash content and accounted for about 25% of the ash. Agreement between locations and years‐within‐locations was excellent. The ranking of the 12 inbred lines by ash and potassium content was relatively consistent regardless of year or location. Significant negative correlations were found between ash content and crushing strength, and rind thickness and weight of a 2‐inch section. The association of high ash content with stalk‐lodging susceptible lines supports the findings of earlier studies which indicated a negative relationship between actual field stalk lodging and the three stalk traits evaluated here. The correlation coefficients between potassium and the three stalk traits were negative but none was statistically significant.
Evaluation of Eleven Introductions of Crambe, Crambe abyssinica Hochst1
Authors: Papathanasiou G. A. , Lessman K. J. , Nyquist W. E.
Published: July 2010

Eleven crambe introductions grown in 14‐ and 38‐inch rows in southern and northcentral Indiana in 1964 were evaluated for number of branches and seed pods in different regions of the plant, plant height, weight of seed pods and seeds per volume of seed pods, and yield. A highly significant difference between the two locations was found for most characters. Different row spacings significantly affected most of the characters measured. However, variation among introductions was significant only for the number of branches attached to the lowest 4 inches of the main stem and the number of primary branches on the whole plant.

Plant‐to‐plant variation within introductions in wide rows was heterogeneous for number of primary branches and seed pods in the lower regions of the plant.

Desirable plant habit for combine harvest is possible with the material available by using appropriate cultural practices and selecting among and/or within introductions. For yield, however, to insure an effective improvement program in crambe, additional introductions of new diverse material or the possible development of more variable populations by hybridization seems necessary.
Influence of Lime Sources and Rates on ‘Coastal’ Bermudagrass Production, Soil Profile Reaction, Exchangeable Ca and Mg1
Authors: Adams William E. , White A. W. , Dawson R. N.
Published: July 2010

The effects of liming on ‘Coastal’ bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.) production, soil profile pH, and exchangeable Ca and Mg levels were studied on Cecil sandy loam under high N fertilization conditions. During the 7‐year study, a total of 5,605 kg/ha of N as NH4NO3 was applied to the experimental area.

Maximum Coastal bermudagrass production was associated with a soil pH of 4.8 or higher. During the last year of study, average forage production was 1,592 kg/ha higher at pH 4.8 than at pH 4.3. No significant forage yield increases were measured above pH 4.8.

Without lime, soil pH as well as exchangeable Ca and Mg were sharply reduced in the top 45 cm of soil. Exchangeable Ca decreased from 1.22 to 0.15 meq/100 g and Mg from 0.31 to 0.15 meq/100 g in the surface 15 cm of soil. Below 45 cm a buildup of Ca, but not of Mg, occurred. There were net losses of both Ca and Mg from the entire soil profile on the unlimed plots between 1957 and 1963.

Ca and Mg depletion from the soil profile was largely prevented by application of 20.2 tons/ha of dolomitic limestone. Calcitic limestone, as compared with dolomitic, effected higher exchangeable Ca levels throughout the soil profile and also had a greater effect in increasing soil pH; however, soil profile Mg content decreased to levels corresponding to those of the unlimed treatments.

These results indicated that lime rates of 20.2 tons/ha applied initially or 24.7 tons/ha split over the 7‐year period, although generally considered excessive for this soil, did not reduce forage yields. In fact, these rates appear necessary under high N fertilization to prevent the development of soil acidity and serious depletion of Ca and Mg from the soil profile.
Radiometric Surface Temperature Measurements and Fluctuations in Sky Radiant Emittance in the 600 to 1300 cm−1 Waveband1
Authors: Conaway Jack , van Bavel C. H. M.
Published: July 2010

Observations of sky radiant emittance in the 600 to 1300 cm−1 (7.5‐16µ) waveband were made near Phoenix, Ariz., in the spring of 1966 in connection with radiometric measurement of soil surface temperatures. A marked diurnal fluctuation was found which appeared to be correlated with high ozone concentrations near the ground, in turn caused by local air pollution.
Alfalfa Survival ‐ Indicator of Sloping Land Drainage Effectiveness1
Authors: Benoit G. R. , Fisher K. D. , Bornstein J.
Published: July 2010

Plant cutting data of alfalfa for 1964, 1965, and 1966 and plant counts for 1966 were taken from a 12‐plot surface‐subsurface drainage research project. The project was located on a Cabot silt loam typical of many sloping, hardpan, wet soils of the Northeast. Drainage effectiveness trends were established as early as the first cutting. Percent alfalfa (dry weight basis) and plant count data each gave a good indication of drainage effectiveness. Percent winterkill was significantly correlated with soil water content (r = 0.79 to 0.84). Drainage of excess water to the content present at 0.1 bar of tension insured negligible (10% or less) winterkill.
Use of a Relationship between Leaf Length and Leaf Area to Estimate the Leaf Area of Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.), Castors (Ricinus communis L.), and Sorghum (Sorghum vulgare L.)1
Authors: Wendt Charles W.
Published: July 2010

A relationship between log of leaf area and log of leaf length was found to exist for castors (Ricinus communis L.), sorghum (Sorghum vulgare L.), and cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). Correlation coefficients of 0.99, 0.94, and 0.95, respectively, were obtained for the above plants using regression analysis when the composite data of several varieties from each species were analyzed. When data from the ‘Gregg’ variety and rougn lear type of cotton were analyzed separately, correlation coefficients of 0.99 and 0.98, respectively, were obtained.
A Simple Portable Reflectometer for Field Use1
Authors: Bowers S. A. , Hayden C. W.
Published: July 2010

A small, portable, battery‐powered field reflectometer, which utilized an integrating sphere, was developed for measuring reflectance from soils and intact leaves. Its light source was a flashlight bulb; its wavelength selection within the range of 0.4 μ to 1.1 μ was achieved with interference filters. Comparison with laboratory instruments was favorable.
Cobalt in Soybean Grain Production1
Authors: Small H. G. , Sherbeck T. G. , Bauer M. E. , Ohlrogge A. J.
Published: July 2010

Exploratory laboratory, greenhouse, and field experiments in 1961 and 1962 were used to study the cobalt (Co) nutrition of soybeans in Indiana. The Co treatments were applied by either seed or foliar methods. Co treatments greater than 36.8 mg/kg of seed applied to the seed as the sulfate salt produced chlorosis of the leaves and stunted the young seedlings. Mild chlorosis could be completely corrected by adding Fe salts.

A three‐state survey conducted in Illinois, Iowa, and Indiana (1961) reported similar results with CoSO4 seed treatment at the rate of 92 mg/kg seed. Between 48 and 65% of the 396 fields studied reported the development of chlorotic seedlings. A controlled field experiment conducted in 1961 showed only decreased yields from Co applied at the rate of 184 mg/kg seed, but a similar experiment conducted in 1962 with Co applied at the rate of 18.4 mg/kg showed increased yields in three of the five locations. However, none of these differences in the latter two tests were significant at the 5% level. In a later study direct evidence for the translocation of foliar applied Co to the nodules was obtained using Co60.
Interaction of P and Zn on Two Dwarf Wheats1
Authors: Sharma K. C. , Krantz B. A. , Brown A. L.
Published: July 2010

Two Mexican dwarf varieties of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) were used as test crop to study the interaction between P and Zn in Corning clay loam soil. The pattern of Zn deficiency symptoms was different in two varieties. Zn concentration was markedly decreased with P application. In absence of Zn, P100 resulted in reduced growth over that of P25.
Zinc Uptake and Translocation as Influenced by Phosphorus and Calcium Carbonate1
Authors: Pauli A. W. , Ellis Roscoe , Moser H. C.
Published: July 2010

Sand cultures with P32 and Zn65 incorporated were used to determine the influence of CaCO3 and P on uptake and translocation of Zn by navy bean plants (Phaseolus vulgaris). Adding CaCO3 decreased dry weight, top‐root ratio and Zn concentration in all plant parts. Calcium carbonate decreased the translocation of Zn, and increased the translocation of P, from roots to leaves. The results suggest that excess CaCO3 influences P‐Zn relationships within the plant as well as effecting solubilities of compounds of Zn and P.

Water extractable Zn and P were determined at the end of the experiment. Adding CaCO3 decreased the amount of water extractable Zn and P. On the other hand, high P increased the amount of water extractable Zn which is evidence that the P‐Zn interaction problem is not in the soil external to the plant.
Interactions of Zn and P with Soil Temperatures in Rice1
Authors: Sharma K. C. , Krantz B. A. , Brown A. L. , Quick James
Published: July 2010

Rice (Oryza sativa) was used as a test crop in greenhouse to study the interactions of Zn and P with soil temperatures m a Corning clay loam soil. A decrease in soil temperature from 30 C to 22.5 C and to 15 C gave a progressive decrease in dry weight. The response to Zn decreased with increasing soil temperatures. At 15 C, Zn application increased Zn concentration in the roots, but there was practically no translocation of Zn to the tops. Furthermore, at the lowest temperature the Zn concentration in tops of plants grown with added Zn was even lower than the Zn concentration of plants without added Zn at 22 C and 30 C. Application of P reduced the Zn concentration in tops and there was no effect on Zn concentration in roots. Application of Zn had no significant effect on P concentrations of rice plants.
Influence of Salinity on Germination, Vegetative Growth, and Grain Yield of Rice (Oryza sativa var. Dular)1
Authors: Narale R. P. , Subramanyam T. K. , Mukherjee R. K.
Published: July 2010

An experiment in Petri dishes with filter paper beds using saline solutions of different electrical conductivities (ECe)3 obtained by dissolving common salt in distilled water to study their influence on rice seed germination, and a soil culture experiment with different levels of induced salinity under greenhouse conditions to study the effect of salinity on vegetative growth and grain yield of rice, were carried out. ‘Dular,’ a local variety of rice, was used as the experimental material. Rice seeds could germinate normally in medium of ECe up to 4.5 mmho/cm. Seed germination, which began to be adversely affected from ECe of 8.9 mmoh/cm onwards, could, however, be initiated to some extent by transferring the treated seeds to distilled water. Grain yield and vegetative growth were markedly hampered at ECe of 7.2 and 9.8 mmho/cm, respectively.
Influence of Soil Salinity on Production of Dry Matter and Uptake and Distribution of Nutrients in Barley and Corn: II. Corn (Zea mays L.)1
Authors: Hassan Nouri A. K. , Drew James V. , Knudsen Delno , Olson Robert A.
Published: July 2010

The production of dry matter and the uptake of nutrients by corn (Zea mays L.) from soil adjusted to different levels of salinity with a mixture of salts were evaluated and compared with results obtained with barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). Soil salinity levels ranging from EC values of 0 to 16 mmhos/cm of the soil solution at field capacity were induced following germination of the plants by addition of a solution containing one part Na2SO4, one part MgSO4, and one part CaCl2. During the growth period of 93 days, increasing soil salinity increased sulfate‐S and chloride in the saturation extract and lowered soil pH. Exchangeable Na, Mg, and Ca increased markedly, while exchangeable K and available P increased only slightly. Increasing salinity had little or no effect on acid‐extractable Zn, Fe, Cu, and Mn. Production of dry matter by the leaves, stems, and tassels of corn decreased significantly with increasing salinity. In the case of the leaves and stems of corn, coefficients of correlation indicate significant negative relationships between soil salinity and uptake of P, K, Ca, Cu, Fe, and Mn, and a positive relationship between soil salinity and uptake of Na. In the case of the corn tassels, significant negative relationships exist between salinity and uptake of Ca, Fe, and Mn.