bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Are Experts Representative of Non-Experts? Elective Modernism, Aspects of Representation, and the Argument from Inductive Risk
Authors: Eigi Jaana
Published: July 2020

The approach to expert communities and political representation of non-experts in Harry Collins and Robert Evans’ elective modernism reflects the conviction that experts are not representative of ordinary citizens. I use an analysis of aspects of representation and the argument from inductive risk to argue that experts can be seen as representative of (some) non-experts, when we understand representation as resemblance based on shared social perspectives and acknowledge the inevitable involvement of such perspectives in decisions under inductive risk. This, in turn, has implications for some of the proposals about practices and institutions made in elective modernism.
Why Did Memetics Fail? Comparative Case Study
Authors: Chvaja Radim
Published: July 2020

Although the theory of memetics appeared highly promising at the beginning, it is no longer considered a scientific theory among contemporary evolutionary scholars. This study aims to compare the genealogy of memetics with the historically more successful gene-culture coevolution theory. This comparison is made in order to determine the constraints that emerged during the internal development of the memetics theory that could bias memeticists to work on the ontology of meme units as opposed to hypotheses testing, which was adopted by the gene-culture scholars. I trace this problem back to the diachronic development of memetics to its origin in the gene-centered anti-group-selectionist argument of George C. Williams and Richard Dawkins. The strict adoption of this argument predisposed memeticists with the a priori idea that there is no evolution without discrete units of selection, which in turn, made them dependent on the principal separation of biological and memetic fitness. This separation thus prevented memeticists from accepting an adaptationist view of culture which, on the contrary, allowed gene-culture theorists to attract more scientists to test the hypotheses, creating the historical success of the gene-culture coevolution theory.
The Religious Predisposition
Authors: Bronkhorst Johannes
Published: July 2020

This article first predicts, on the basis of an analysis of deep absorption, a number of features of mystical and related states of consciousness. It then observes that these very same features appear in beliefs held by people who have never experienced deep absorption. Moreover, many people engage in activities that, though not normally leading to deep absorption, bring about lesser states of absorption. The article will propose an answer to the question how it is that many people are influenced in their beliefs and practices by experiences (deep absorption) they have not had.
Advertisement calls of Bolivian species of Scinax (Amphibia, Anura, Hylidae)
Authors: de la Riva Ignacio , Márquez Rafael , Bosch Jaime
Published: July 2020

The advertisement calls of eight Bolivian species of Scinax are described including information on the calling behaviour of each species. A characteristic audiospectrogram and oscillogram are presented for each species, as well as numerical information about the spectral and temporal features of the calls. Two phenograms based on the characteristics of the mating calls are constructed, the first one using a traditional multivariate technique (UPGMA) and the second one using audiospectrogram correlation, a new technique that allows holistic comparisons of single vocalizations.
A new species of Achelia (Pycnogonida: Ammotheidae) and first records of intertidal sea spiders found on Zoanthus (Cnidaria: Zoantharia) from Karachi, Pakistan
Authors: GEORGE ZARISH , SIDDIQUI GHAZALA , GEORGE NAZISH , LUCENA RUDÁ AMORIM
Published: July 2020

Ten intertidal sea spider (Pycnogonida) species from five families - Pycnogonidae (1 species), Ammotheidae (3 species), Callipallenidae (3 species), Phoxichilidiidae (2 species) and Endeidae (1 species) - are reported in the present study. Out of these ten species, four are first records from Pakistan, including a new species, Achelia karachiensis sp. nov. Intertidal zoanthid colonies have been found to provide shelter and food to a large and diverse Pycnogonid population at Sandspit and the Buleji, Karachi coast. This study highlights the significance of the intertidal fauna of pycnogonids of these areas and contributes to our understanding of the species diversity from the Karachi coast.
Non-Invasive Assessment of Left Internal Mammary Artery Patency Using Transluminal Attenuation Gradient
Authors: Wang Zheng , Wang Xiang , Xie Yuan-Liang , Shang Yu-Qiang , Dai Shi-Lin , Yi Fan
Published: July 2020

Objective: This study aimed to discuss the value of using dual-source computed tomography (CT) to calculate the transluminal attenuation gradient (TAG) and TAG with corrected contrast opacification (TAG-CCO) and quantitatively evaluate left internal mammary artery (LIMA) patency.
Method: A total of 32 patients accepting coronary artery bypass grafting were continuously assessed and examined by computed tomography angiography (CTA) of the LIMA before operation. TAG, TAG-CCO, and transluminal diameter gradient (TDG) were then calculated. Blood flow velocity in
the LIMA was measured during the operation, and correlation analysis was carried out. Results: TAG, TAG-CCO, and TDG presented significantly positive correlations with blood flow velocity in the LIMA (r = 0.48 r = 0 56 and r = 0.65 respectively, p < 0.05).
Conclusion: The greater the absolute values of TAG and TAG-CCO, the lower the blood flow velocity in the LIMA; thus, evaluating LIMA patency presents a certain clinical value.
Synchrosqueezing Transform Based Powerline Interference Reduction in ECG Recording
Authors: Kumar M. Suresh , Krishnamoorthy G. , Vaithiyanathan D.
Published: July 2020

This paper presents an adaptive ECG enhancement procedure based on Synchrosqueezing Transform (SST) to eliminate Powerline interference (PLI) from ECG signal. This work also incorporates the principles of modified discrete cosine transform (MDCT) and wiener filter. PLI is a major source
of artifacts in the ECG signal which can affect its interpretation. Separating PLI from ECG signal poses a great challenge in the ECG analysis. The existing PLI removal techniques suffer from two major drawbacks such as Mode Mixing, inability to deal with non-stationary characteristics of
signal. In this paper, we propose SST based wiener filtering approaches which can overcome the limitation of existing PLI suppression techniques. The proposed approaches undergo three stages of operation: mode decomposition, mode determination and peak restoration to filter out PLI from ECG
recording. The mode decomposition uses SST to decompose the corrupted ECG signal into a sum of well separated intrinsic mode functions (IMFs). The objective is to filter out PLI from these IMFs. To do so, mode determination step which is based on Kurtosis and Crest factor is applied to categorize
decomposition result into groups such as signal mode and noisy mode. Direct subtraction of the noisy mode from the corrupted ECG observation results in ECG signal with reduced peak since noise mode carries part of signal components in addition to interference. Hence, to restore the peak, wiener
filter is applied on noisy mode to estimate actual PLI component. Finally, Noise free ECG signal is reconstructed by subtracting estimated PLI from the corrupted ECG signal. This paper discusses four possible PLI suppression methods which are derived by combining SST domain with wiener filter
in various ways. Simulations are carried out to test the effectiveness of proposed methods. It is evident from the simulation results that the proposed methods can remove PLI of 50 Hz and its harmonics. The proposed techniques effectively removed PLI in both real and artificial ECG signals
and to test its performance they are compared with state of the art methods. The SST based filtering methods outperformed other methods under the condition of PLI frequency variations. The experimental results also suggest that the SST based wiener filtering with modified reference approach
offers better PLI suppression than all other methods.
Performance and Security Challenges Digital Rights Management (DRM) Approaches Using Fog Computing for Data Provenance: A Survey
Authors: Hussain Ali , Kiah Miss Laiha Mat , Anuar Nor Badrul , Md Noor Rafidah , Ahmad Muneer
Published: July 2020

Over the past few years, the cloud based storage providers such as Google drive, OneDrive, Box and Dropbox are increasingly being used to store users personal profile based data, which users could share over cloud storage devices. Immediately, the users data leaves the user premises
and enters the cloud storage, the user has lost all the control over its data, and even when that data is further shared for the purposes of collaboration. Digital rights management (DRM) for Content hosted in Cloud based storage covers technologies related devices that protects the digital
assets stored in cloud by enforcing the permission regulator, and when the data is in collaboration. This is important to protect healthcare (Fiaz, M., et al., 2019. Social media news classification in healthcare communication. Journal of Medical Imaging and Health Informatics, 9(6),
pp.1215–1223; Irfan, R., et al., 2019. Ontology learning in text mining for handling big data in healthcare systems. Journal of Medical Imaging and Health Informatics, 9(4), pp.649–661; Ikram Ullah, L. and Ali Shariq, I., 2019. A special section on effectiveness of search
engine and social networking data in healthcare systems. Journal of Medical Imaging and Health Informatics, 9(4), pp.647–648; Preethi, P. and Asokan, R., 2019. A high secure medical image storing and sharing in cloud environment using hex code cryptography methodsecure genius.
Journal of Medical Imaging and Health Informatics, 9(7), pp.1337–1345; Shahzad, B., et al., 2017. Finding healthcare issues with search engine queries and social network data. International Journal of Semantic Web and Information System, 13(1), pp.48–62; Saleem, K.,
et al., 2015. Human-oriented design of secure machine-to-machine communication system for e-Healthcare society. Computers in Human Behaviour, 51, pp.977–985.) data from being misused by authorized and unauthorized entities. To implement DRM in cloud, these Authors have proposed
encryption based solution. Due to the distributed nature of cloud it is suitable for the real time data transportation. However, DRM process requires performance that is close to real time. This paper summarized the current state of the research in Digital Rights Management and leveraged Fog
computing in DRM. This is to meet the new performance requirements for next-generation distribution networks, in terms of performance metrics, such as energy consumption, traffic delay, and network throughput, as required by in large and heterogonous Cloud solutions (Preethi, P. and Asokan,
R., 2019. A high secure medical image storing and sharing in cloud environment using hex code cryptography methodsecure genius. Journal of Medical Imaging and Health Informatics, 9(7), pp.1337–1345.) as data storage system.
Hazy Glimpse Crook Virtual Assistant for Blind and Visual Impaired Community Healthcare
Authors: Li Jilong , Mushtaq Memoona , Mariam Ayesha , Khalid Shehzad , Latif Muhammad Ahsan , Iqbal Muhammad Munwar , Iqbal Muhammad Javed
Published: July 2020

Innovations in the technologies are common and helpful for the visually impaired community. Visually impaired and blind individuals discover challenges in distinguishing barriers and obstacles. They hobble on the road that makes it hazardous. The reason for our responsibility is to
offer solace to the visually vitiated individual by giving Hazy Glimpse Crook (HGC). It is a proposed answer for empowering the blind to recognize the world around them. With the assistance of a webcam, the picture of an obstacle is taken. After the digital image processed, a message will
be created. From headphone's help, a visually impaired individual can discover the thing present in front of him. Inside the 70 cm scope, one ultrasonic sensor is utilized to recognize some other impediments around the client. While inside the scope of 80 cm, another sensor is set at the base
of the stick. With the help of cautioning messages, it tells about puddles and all other obstacles. Additionally, from GPS blind's location can be tracked down. As they feel safe by using a stick, their average speed increases to twice. HGV (Hazy Glimpse Vision) application is our second part.
In application talkback, any object recognizing and location of visually impaired can find out. The overall accuracy of Our HGC and HGV is approx. 96.87% in terms of the time required for an image to process.
Software Process Improvement Implementation Issues in Small and Medium Enterprises That Develop Healthcare Applications
Authors: Iqbal Javed , Nasir Mohd Hairul Nizam , Khan Muzafar , Awan Imtiaz , Farid Shahid
Published: July 2020

Software Process Improvement (SPI) intends to recuperate software processes to realize high quality software. But numerous SPI initiatives predominantly in the case of software Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) are failed to achieve desired results as certain issues occur during this
progression. Objective of this research work is to facilitate the efficacious SPI implementation in the case of software SMEs that develop healthcare applications. The study identifies and ranks common SPI implementation issues in the case of related SMEs. For this purpose, two questionnaire
surveys have been performed by involving relevant software industry practitioners. In the first survey, by providing a literature-based list of SPI issues, we have solicited respondents to choose common issues or resistant factors for SPI in the case of SMEs that deal with healthcare application
development. We have also requested the practitioners to mention the issues that they have been generally spotting during the SPI in case of pertinent SMEs but have not been mentioned in the given list. During the second survey, by employing two rounds of the Delphi method, practitioners have
ranked the commonly transpiring SPI issues regarding SMEs that deal with the development of healthcare applications. The ranking is based on the issues' impact having four categories: catastrophic, serious, tolerable and insignificant. To incorporate various SMEs standards that are followed
worldwide, the concept of 'common/shared range standard' is presented. The study identifies 26 SPI issues in the case of SMEs that develop healthcare applications whereas top 10 issues instigate from finance and management. To enable swift and fruitful SPI in the case of pertinent SMEs, this
study suggests that the 26 identified issues must be tackled proactively whereas financial and managerial issues must be given top priority.
EAUHHCAMA: Extending and Adapting Usability Heuristics for Healthcare Related Context-Aware Mobile Applications
Authors: Bashir Muhammad Salman , Farooq Amjad , Humayoun Shah Rukh , Iqbal Muhammad Munwar , Iqbal Muhammad Javed
Published: July 2020

Fitness related context-aware mobile applications (FCAMA) being the fragment of healthcare informatics, use emerging technologies and provide continuous and real-time information to the end-users. This information supports the users in understanding the physical condition and the way
to improve health using cues. That's why; healthcare informatics is the fast-growing domain of interest for researchers. FCAMA has collected information from inbuilt smartphone tools including accelerometer, GPS, microphone, camera, and others. FCAMA transformed the extracted data into a usable
form and formulated individual plans to track and improve fitness. But, it is ambiguous whether the user interfaces of FCAMA is really effective in improving health and fitness. Although, several studies attempt to establish an effective usability evaluation mechanism, it still needs further
work for comprehensively identifying usability flaws. Evaluators of FCAMA use inspection based heuristics set to identify user-related issues. In order to identify the usability issues comprehensively, it is important that heuristics are pertinent. In this paper, we propose an enhanced and
adapted set of fourteen usability heuristics for FCAMA. Eleven heuristics were selected and adapted after cross-linking the usability flaws with the existing sets of heuristics. Usability flaws were captured in a user study with 850 students from the human-computer interaction (HCI) course.
While we added two more against uncaptured usability flaws, to be able to adapt the heuristics set to the context awareness aspect. The FCAMA was validated using two evaluation studies conducted by students in (HCI) course, and second by usability experts. Results have justified the proposed
heuristics both in terms of effectiveness and relevance.
Developing Relationship Among Risk Factors and Project Factors for Large Scale Healthcare Applications
Authors: Tahir Sabeen , Shahzad Basit , Bakhsh Sheikh Tahir , Basheri Mohammed
Published: July 2020

The impact and probability of healthcare software risks are widely discussed in software risk management. The identification of healthcare software risk factor will not be useful without measuring its impact and probability. The impact filed determines the damage level of the risk factors
if it appears, while the probability determines how probable is the existence of that risk. The risks of having high probability and higher impact levels have to be addressed urgently. The orientation of the risks takes place in response to unbalanced resource allocation. Establishing an association
among the project factors and risk factors helps in gaining more effective control of the resource allocation to the healthcare application development. This paper identifies the conceptual and numerical association between the project factors and risk factors by conducting a mixed-method
research analysis to optimize the resource allocation and reduce (eliminate) the software risks in large scale healthcare applications. The resultant associations between the project factors and risk factors are categorized as weak or strong based on the resultant data of this study and can
be used as a guideline document for developing the large scale healthcare systems.
Publicity and Transparency
Authors: Wood Tim , Aronczyk Melissa
Published: July 2020

Publicity and transparency are two foundational ideas about the proper structure of democratic communication. In a context of utterly transformed public discourse, it is time to rethink the value of these concepts and especially their relationship to one another. This special issue aims to test prevailing assumptions about these terms as they are reshaped in the present era of organized promotional culture. To begin, the present introduction recasts the concepts of publicity and transparency as tools for analyzing and organizing communicative power rather than as normative ideals in their own right. To this end, we present three core arguments for rethinking transparency and publicity today. First, all acts of transparency entail a redistribution of communicative power but not an inherently egalitarian or democratic one. Second, publicity is the central means by which transparency distributes communicative power. And third, scholars must analyze transparency, like publicity, as a professionalized and industrialized field. By centering questions of power and practice, this special issue aims to animate a research agenda attentive to the relational character of both transparency and publicity in hopes of foregrounding the ways the concepts might be used in service of more equitable political alignments.
The persistent protest cycle: A case study of contained political incorporation
Authors: Paret Marcel
Published: July 2020

For more than a decade, widespread protests have erupted within South Africa’s impoverished black townships and informal settlements. The mobilizations resembled what Sidney Tarrow refers to as a ‘cycle of contention’ or ‘protest cycle,’ as they represented a diffusion of heightened conflict across society. In contrast to Tarrow’s protest cycle, however, resistance failed to converge around ‘objective coalitions’ and a generalized challenge, and it persisted rather than reaching exhaustion. Drawing on a case study of protest and organizing in Bekkersdal, this article argues that the fragmentation and localization of resistance reinforced this peculiar combination. Bekkersdal activists responded to democratization by seeking administrative fixes to local government. Political parties also pulled activists in different directions, yet without facilitating bridges to activism in other areas. While providing a highly visible example for activists in other areas to replicate, the Bekkersdal resistance thus failed to produce broader concessions that might have discouraged protests elsewhere. The case study shows how local containment of political incorporation processes may enable the persistence of protest cycles.
The response of Jordanian society and social workers to the COVID-19 crisis
Authors: Al Gharaibeh Fakir
Published: July 2020

This article explores government and community efforts to combat the COVID-19 epidemic in Jordan. The author evaluates Jordan’s response to this crisis through his preliminary survey of the day-to-day affairs of the average members of society, the official statements issued by the government and the initiatives launched by both individuals and community organizations. The article concludes that because social workers did not play a significant role during this crisis, individuals and institutions had to step in to help the society better cope with the social and psychological impact of the spread of the disease and the extraordinary measures implemented by the government to combat it.
Study of the pull-out test of multifilament yarns embedded in cementitious matrix
Authors: Slama Anne-Claire , Gallias Jean-Louis , Fiorio Bruno
Published: July 2020

In order to understand the impregnation mechanism of a yarn by a cementitious matrix and its influence on the mechanical properties of a yarn/cement composite, pull-out tests have been performed on samples of yarn/cement. Two embedded lengths for the yarn and different rheological and mechanical properties for the matrix were tested. Two pull-out modes were distinguished according to the compressive strength of matrices. For matrices with a compressive strength between 60 and 70 MPa the pull-out mode is characterized by a behaviour close to the tensile behaviour of the yarn, with maximum load values reaching approximately 60% of the tensile maximum load because of filaments damages. For matrices with compressive strength inferior to 60 MPa, the pull-out mode exhibits a residual phase linked to a slippage and an extraction of a variable number of filaments, with lower maximum load values than the first pull-out mode. After pull-out test, for some samples with filaments extraction, an innovative method based on a double impregnation with resin enables to visualize the yarn/matrix interface and identify the level of impregnation of the filaments by using confocal microscopy. It is concluded that this level of impregnation has a direct influence on the mechanical behaviour of the embedded yarn, except for the slippage and extraction phase, but the rheological properties of the matrix has no significant influence on this impregnation.
When the Pager and/or Jesus Calls
Authors: Acosta Lealani Mae Y.
Published: July 2020

A physician reflects on the significance of responding to the pager, particularly during one Sunday Mass when she was summoned for assistance. How do we answer when we are called?
Honor Scale in Romania: Psychometric Parameters and Associations to Human Values
Authors: Pascalau Ana , Gavreliuc Alin , Gouveia Valdiney V. , Coelho Gabriel Lins de Holanda
Published: July 2020

Honor is an important psychological construct that refers to one’s worth in one’s own eyes and in the eyes of others. A person's honor is dependent on implicit personal meaning, which leads the individual to behave in a way worthy of being valued and socially appreciated. In the present research, we aimed to provide psychometric evidence for the short version of the Honor Scale in the Romanian context. For that, one study was performed (N = 444). The four-dimensional structure of the measure was supported through Confirmatory Factor Analysis, and showed good reliability estimates. The measure also presented full factorial invariance across participants' gender, showing that these groups answer to the measure in a similar way and can be further compared in research. Finally, results indicated significant associations between the Honor Scale factors with human values and age. In sum, our findings suggest that the short version of the Honor Scale is psychometrically adequate to use in Romania.
Leveraging Health Department Capacities, Partnerships, and Health Insurance for Infectious Disease Response in Massachusetts, 2014-2018
Authors: Fukuda H. Dawn , Randall Liisa M. , Meehan Thera , Cranston Kevin
Published: July 2020

Policies facilitating integration of public health programs can improve the public health response, but the literature on approaches to integration across multiple system levels is limited. We describe the efforts of the Massachusetts Department of Public Health to integrate its HIV, viral hepatitis, sexually transmitted infection (STI), and tuberculosis response through policies that mandated contracted organizations to submit specimens for testing to the Massachusetts State Public Health Laboratory; co-test blood specimens for HIV, hepatitis C virus (HCV), and syphilis; integrate HIV, viral hepatitis, and STI disease surveillance and case management in a single data system; and implement an integrated infectious disease drug assistance program. From 2014 through 2018, the number of tests performed by the Massachusetts State Public Health Laboratory increased from 16 321 to 33 674 for HIV, from 11 054 to 33 670 for HCV, and from 19 169 to 30 830 for syphilis. Service contracts enabled rapid response to outbreaks of HIV, hepatitis A, and hepatitis B. Key challenges included lack of a billing infrastructure at the Massachusetts State Public Health Laboratory; the need to complete negotiations with insurers and to establish a retained revenue account to receive health insurance reimbursements for testing services; and time to train testing providers in phlebotomy for required testing. Investing in laboratory infrastructure; creating billing mechanisms to maximize health insurance reimbursement; proactively engaging providers, community members, and other stakeholders; and building capacity to transform practices are needed. Using multilevel policy approaches to integrate the public health response to HIV, STI, viral hepatitis, and tuberculosis is feasible and adaptable to other public health programs.
Ending the HIV Epidemic: New York’s Quest to Become the First State to Reduce HIV Prevalence
Authors: Morne Johanne E. , Tesoriero James M. , Martin Erika G. , Birkhead Guthrie S. , Holtgrave David R. , Hagos Karen , Zucker Howard
Published: July 2020

In 2014, New York State became the first jurisdiction to launch a statewide initiative to end AIDS by reducing the number of persons living with HIV for the first time since effective HIV treatment became available. The Ending the Epidemic (ETE) initiative encompasses (1) identifying and linking undiagnosed persons with HIV to care, (2) retaining persons with HIV in care, and (3) facilitating access to preexposure prophylaxis for persons at risk for acquiring HIV. We used a framework for public health program implementation to describe key characteristics of the ETE initiative, present progress toward 13 ETE target metrics, and identify areas in need of increased programming. We provide evidence suggesting that New York State is on track to end AIDS as an epidemic by the end of 2020. As of 2017, 76% of progress toward our primary ETE target had been achieved. Substantial progress on several additional metrics critical to decreasing HIV prevalence and to improving the health of persons living with HIV had also been achieved. Lessons learned included the following: (1) ETE-based programming should be tailored to each jurisdiction’s unique political and social climate, HIV epidemiology, fiscal resources, and network of HIV service providers; (2) key stakeholders should be involved in developing ETE metrics and setting targets; (3) performance-based measurement and timely communication to key stakeholders in real time are essential; and (4) examining trends in HIV prevention and care metrics is important for developing realistic ETE timelines.
State Laws Governing Syringe Services Programs and Participant Syringe Possession, 2014-2019
Authors: Fernández-Viña Marcelo H. , Prood Nadya E. , Herpolsheimer Adam , Waimberg Joshua , Burris Scott
Published: July 2020

Objective

Law is an important factor in the diffusion of syringe services programs (SSPs). This study measures the current status of, and 5-year change in, state laws governing SSP operations and possession of syringes by participants.

Methods

Legal researchers developed a cross-sectional data set measuring key features of state laws and regulations governing the possession and distribution of syringes across the 50 US states and the District of Columbia in effect on August 1, 2019. We compared these data with previously collected data on laws as of August 1, 2014.

Results

Thirty-nine states (including the District of Columbia) had laws in effect on August 1, 2019, that removed legal impediments to, explicitly authorized, and/or regulated SSPs. Thirty-three states had 1 or more laws consistent with legal possession of syringes by SSP participants under at least some circumstances. Changes from 2014 to 2019 included an increase of 14 states explicitly authorizing SSPs by law and an increase of 12 states with at least 1 provision reducing legal barriers to SSPs. Since 2014, the number of states explicitly authorizing SSPs nearly doubled, and the new states included many rural, southern, or midwestern states that had been identified as having poor access to SSPs, as well as states at high risk for HIV and hepatitis C virus outbreaks. Substantial legal barriers to SSP operation and participant syringe possession remained in >20% of US states.

Conclusion

Legal barriers to effective operation of SSPs have declined but continue to hinder the prevention and reduction of drug-related harm.
Locating gaps in the California Current System ocean acidification monitoring network
Authors: Taylor-Burns Rae , Cochran Courtney , Ferron Kelly , Harris Madison , Thomas Courtney , Fredston Alexa , Kendall Bruce E
Published: July 2020

Ocean acidification is a global issue with particular regional significance in the California Current System, where social, economic, and ecological impacts are already occurring. Although ocean acidification is a concern that unifies the entire West Coast region, managing for this phenomenon at a regional scale is complex and further complicated by the large scale and dynamic nature of the region. Currently, data collection relevant to ocean acidification on the West Coast is piecemeal, and cannot capture the primary sources of variability in ocean acidification through time and across the region, hindering collaboration among regional managers. We developed a tool to analyze gaps in the West Coast ocean acidification monitoring network. We describe this tool and discuss how it can enable scientists and marine managers in the California Current System to fill information gaps and better understand and thus respond to ocean acidification through the implementation of management solutions at the local level.
Material constituents and mechanical properties and macro-micro-failure modes of tight gas reservoirs
Authors: Liu Zhaoyi , Zhang Ligang , Liu GR , Li Wei , Li Shibin , Wang Fengshan , Ma Yuanyuan , Li Hao , Zhang Haijun , Han Lingling
Published: July 2020

In this work, a series of intensive laboratory tests are conducted to measure the material constituents, mechanical properties, and to examine macro-micro-failure modes of various types of rocks from tight gas reservoirs in the Da Qing oilfield in China. A set of key parameters are experimentally determined, including porosity, mineralogical compositions, microstructure, Young’s modulus, Poisson’s ratio, triaxial compressive strength, as well as macro- and micro-morphology failure modes. The relationships of these parameters are systematically analyzed, and the effects of the material constituents and microstructure characteristics such as cementation type, porosity, and mineral composition on rock mechanical properties are revealed as well as the patterns of micro- and macro-failures in types of rocks are investigated. The result shows that the micro-failure mainly exhibits features of transgranular and intergranular porous polymer fracture, and the macro-failure modes are mainly three types: shear-dominated, mixed shear–tensile and mixed tensile–shear. The mixed tensile–shear failure has mainly tensile fractures with branch fractures crossing each other, which forms a complex system fracture network. These findings are of importance for “sweet pot” evaluations, wellbore stability analysis, and hydraulic fracturing design for oil and gas production in tight gas reservoirs.
Challenges Experienced by Parents of Emerging Young Adults With Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus During the Transition to College
Authors: Ness Michelle M. , Saylor Jennifer L. , Ji Xiaopeng , Bell Ann , Habermann Barbara
Published: July 2020

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to gain a deeper understanding of the challenges experienced by parents of emerging young adults (EYAs) with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) who completed their freshman or sophomore year of college.

Methods

Using a descriptive, qualitative design, 16 parents participated in semistructured interviews that explored factors impacting the college transition for parents of college freshmen and sophomores with T1DM. Participants were recruited from local endocrinology clinics as well as the College Diabetes Network (CDN) Parent Facebook page, the CDN Facebook page, the CDN Twitter feed, and the Delaware Chapter of the JDRF (formerly Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation). Researchers used a thematic analysis to analyze the data and develop categories. Interviews were conducted and recorded via video conferencing from July 2019 to September 2019.

Results

Results represent data from 16 interviews comprising 15 (94%) mothers and 1 father. Thematic analysis resulted in the emergence of 3 themes: managing parental concerns, changes in the parental role, and identifying sources of parental support. Parents identified several challenges including the EYAs’ ability to manage T1DM at college, communication with the EYA, and the availability of support for parents.

Conclusion

Parents experience several challenges during their EYA’s transition to college with T1DM. Supporting the needs of parents and EYAs during this time may serve to reduce diabetes-related complications for EYAs and increase overall quality of life for both members of the dyad.
Painting 1 Enoch: Biblical Interpretation, Theology, and Artistic Practice
Authors: Esler Philip F. , Pryor Angus
Published: July 2020

This article inaugurates a new approach to biblical interpretation that involves close collaboration on a particular text between a biblical interpreter (Philip Esler) and a practicing artist (Angus Pryor), culminating in the production of works of art that generate a new understanding of the text in question. This approach reflects the recent scholarly interest in how artists who paint biblical scenes are active interpreters of biblical texts. Here the text selected is 1 Enoch, while the artworks in question are four 2 x 2 meter paintings, in oil on canvas, that depict pivotal scenes from that text. The collaboration draws on Ethiopian tradition reflecting the scriptural status and widespread influence of 1 Enoch in Ethiopia and the fact that the complete text of the work was only preserved there until its rediscovery in modern times. The interpretative process includes a focus on the original meaning of 1 Enoch, which then influences the creation of artworks laden with theological meaning. This approach is equally available to interpreters more interested in the contemporary (rather than the historical) meaning of other biblical and extra-biblical texts where the connection with national traditions, if present, may be quite different.
Effects of Inter-organizational Justice on Dimensions of Organizational Citizenship Behaviours: A Study on Kuwait Ministries’ Employees
Authors: Zayed Mohammad , Jauhar Junaimah , Mohaidin Zurina , Murshid Mohsen Ali
Published: July 2020

The aim of this article is to model the relationships between three different dimensions of inter-organizational justice (procedural, interactional and distributive) and their influence on five dimensions of organizational citizenship behaviour (OCB) (altruism, sportsmanship, conscientiousness, courtesy and civic virtue) in public sector organizations. The partial least square (PLS) path method was used to explore the nature of the relationships. The survey was self-administered to 573 employees working in nine different government ministries in Kuwait, with a response rate of 373. The results indicate that employees’ perceptions of interactional justice positively influence their perceptions of procedural justice, distributive justice, altruism, civic virtue, conscientiousness, courtesy and sportsmanship. In addition, the results showed the perceived interactional justice of employees has an indirect effect on all dimensions of OCBs through their distributive justice perceptions. The results also revealed that interactional justice has only an indirect effect on altruism, sportsmanship, and courtesy through procedural fairness.

Directors of public organizations should pay particular attention to offering a higher level of interactive justice that can strongly improve employee perception of distributive and procedural justice. This, in turn, may show high degrees of civic virtue, sportsmanship, altruism, courtesy, and conscience behavior among employees.
The effects of moderate alterations in adrenergic activity on acute appetite regulation in obese women: A randomised crossover trial
Authors: Tsofliou Fotini , Pitsiladis Yannis P , Lara Jose , Hadjicharalambous Marios , Macdonald Ian A , Wallace Mike A , Lean Mike E J
Published: July 2020

Background:

Previous evidence has demonstrated that serum leptin is correlated with appetite in combination with, but not without, modest exercise.

Aim:

The present experiments investigated the effects of exogenous adrenaline and α/β adrenoceptor blockade in combination with moderate exercise on serum leptin concentrations, appetite/satiety sensations and subsequent food intake in obese women.

Methods:

A total of 10 obese women ((mean ± SEM), age: 50 (1.9) years, body mass index 36 (4.1) kg/m2, waist 104.8 (4.1) cm) participated in two separate, double-blind randomised experimental trials. Experiment 1: moderate exercise after α/β adrenergic blocker (labetalol, 100 mg orally) versus moderate exercise plus placebo; experiment 2: adrenaline infusion for 20 minutes versus saline infusion. Appetite/satiety and biochemistry were measured at baseline, pre- and immediately post-intervention, then 1 hour post-intervention (i.e., before dinner). Food intake was assessed via ad libitum buffet-style dinner.

Results:

No differences were found in appetite/satiety, subsequent food intake or serum leptin in any of the studies (experiment 1 or experiment 2). In experiment 1, blood glucose was higher ( p < 0.01) and plasma free fatty acids lower ( p = 0.04) versus placebo. In experiment 2, plasma free fatty acids ( p < 0.05) increased after adrenaline versus saline infusion.

Conclusions:

Neither inhibition of exercise-induced adrenergic activity by combined α/β adrenergic blockade nor moderate increases in adrenergic activity induced by intravenous adrenaline infusion affected acute appetite regulation.
The effect of sexual victimization on attachment in emerging adulthood: An analysis of an African-American sample
Authors: Watts Stephen , Evans Sara Z , Simons Leslie G , Simons Ronald L
Published: July 2020

Research has consistently shown that sexual victimization during childhood and adolescence can lead to negative outcomes. However, little research to date has sought to test whether these experiences can shape security of attachment in adulthood, an important concept in attachment theory. Utilizing a longitudinal community sample of African Americans, the current study tested whether sexual victimization during childhood and adolescence correlated with security of attachment in emerging adulthood while controlling for parenting. Results of regression analyses showed that sexual victimization did correlate with greater insecurity of attachment in emerging adulthood while controlling for parenting among females, but not males. Implications of these findings for policy and theory are discussed.
Does Trust in Citizens Mediate the Relationship Between Internal and External Procedural Justice: A Comparison Between China and Taiwan Police
Authors: Sun Ivan Y. , Liu Jianhong , Wu Yuning , Van Craen Maarten
Published: July 2020

This study investigates the roles of trust in citizens and compliance with agency policies in mediating the direct and indirect relationships between internal procedural justice and external procedural justice among Chinese and Taiwanese police officers. Based on survey data collected from 1,253 police officers, this study comparatively analyzes whether supervisory treatment of officers is predictive of trust in citizens and willingness to follow agency policies, which in turn is linked to their willingness to act fairly and justly toward citizens on the street. The results indicate that officer trust in citizens mediates the relationship between internal and external procedural justice in both China and Taiwan, but compliance with agency policies does not. Internal procedural justice directly predicts external procedural justice among Taiwanese officers, but such a connection is not found among Chinese officers. Implications for future research and policy are discussed.
Platform-Based Collaborative Routing using Dynamic Prices as Incentives
Authors: Atasoy Bilge , Schulte Frederik , Steenkamp Alex
Published: July 2020

Over the last decade, platforms have emerged in numerous industries and often transformed them, posing new challenges for transportation research. Platform providers such as Uber, Uber Freight, Blackbuck, or Lyft mostly do not have immediate control over the physical resources needed to move people or goods. They often operate in a multi-sided market setting, where it is crucial to design clear incentives to motivate a third party to engage in collaboration. As a consequence, collaboration incentives become an integral part of decision support models for platform providers and they need to be developed at the operational level and applied dynamically. Naturally, this involves a trade-off between the interests of platform providers, shippers, and carriers. In this work, we investigate the real-world case of a platform provider operating as an intermediary between shippers and carriers in a less-than-truckload (LTL) business. We propose a new mixed-integer programming (MIP) formulation for the underlying collaborative pickup and delivery problem with time windows (PDPTW) that minimizes the price the platform pays to the carriers and enforces collaboration incentives for carriers through individual rationality constraints. This is facilitated by a dynamic pricing approach which ensures that carriers are better off collaborating than working on their own. The pricing is bounded by the costs and market conditions to keep the price range reasonable. We explore possible policies to be implemented by the platform and find that their business remains profitable when individual rationality is enforced and the platform could even guarantee increased profit margins to the carriers as incentives.
Diagnostic Imaging of Ulnar Collateral Ligament Injury: A Systematic Review
Authors: Campbell Richard E. , McGhee Alexa N. , Freedman Kevin B. , Tjoumakaris Fotios P.
Published: July 2020

Background:

Ulnar collateral ligament (UCL) injuries can be debilitating in overhead athletes. Accurate diagnosis is important; however, several imaging modalities are available for the assessment of UCL injuries.

Purpose:

To provide a comprehensive review of published literature regarding the diagnostic capabilities of different imaging modalities for UCL tears.

Methods:

PubMed, Medline, and Embase were queried for peer-reviewed literature published between January 1947 and June 4, 2019, pertaining to diagnostic imaging of UCL tears. Articles assessing static and stress radiography, ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), MRI with arthrography (MRA), and computed tomography arthrography of the UCL were included. Studies were excluded if imaging results were not compared with intraoperative diagnosis, as intraoperative findings are generally considered the gold standard for diagnostic comparison. The articles were assessed per the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses) guidelines and reviewed with the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies, version 2 (QUADAS-2) assessment.

Results:

The literature search yielded 2478 articles, of which 15 were included in this review. Potential bias was noted in each QUADAS-2 subsection. Multiple studies demonstrate an association between UCL tears and osseous abnormalities identified on static radiographs; however, the use of static or nonstressed radiographs is not recommended for specific evaluation of UCL injuries. Conventional ultrasound was 81% sensitive and 91% specific, as compared with 96% and 81% for stress ultrasound, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of MRI ranged from 57% to 100% and 89% to 100%. The sensitivity of computed tomography arthrography ranged from 63% to 86%. The sensitivity and specificity of MRA ranged from 81% to 100% and 91% to 100%.

Conclusion:

Of the currently available imaging modalities, MRA provides the best combination of sensitivity and specificity of the evaluation of the UCL. Further research comparing ultrasound with MRA is needed.
An Alternative to Mother’s Own Milk: Maternal Awareness of Donor Human Milk and Milk Banks
Authors: Ellsworth Lindsay , Sturza Julie , Stanley Kate
Published: July 2020

Background

The use of donor human milk is rising. Maternal awareness of donor human milk use, milk donation, and milk banks has not been well described in the United States.

Research Aims

To explore maternal experience, knowledge, and attitudes regarding donor human milk use and milk donation. We also assessed counseling by medical providers about donor human milk use and donation.

Methods

A cross-sectional prospective survey design was used in this study. We anonymously surveyed mothers ( N = 73) attending the 1 to 2-week well newborn appointment. Analyses were completed using one-way ANOVA and logistic regression.

Results

Participants’ infants primarily received their own mother’s milk (87%, n = 61). No infants received donor human milk, but 4% ( n = 3) of participants donated milk. The majority of participants had positive responses to attitudinal statements about donor milk. When presented with a hypothetical scenario, participants chose formula (89%, n = 59) over donor human milk (11%, n = 7) for their infant. Moreover, if donor human milk was the only option available, they chose donor human milk from a relative or friend (60%, n = 40) over a milk bank (40%, n = 26). Medical providers had discussed donor human milk use or donation with 4% ( n = 3) of participants.

Conclusions

The majority of participants previously had minimal experience using donor human milk and limited knowledge regarding donor human milk and milk banks. According to participants, medical providers did not routinely discuss milk donation and the role of donor human milk with families.