bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Colorectal cancer screening: foreign guidelines on fecal immunochemical test cut-off (review)
Authors: Andreev Dmitrii , Kashurnikov Asan , Zavyalov Aleksandr
Published: September 2021

Introduction. According to WHO data for 2020, colorectal cancer occupies first (highest) position (excluding non-melanoma skin cancer) in the top ranking list of the most frequent cancers in the Russian Federation.  Colorectal cancer screening plays a pivotal role in early diagnosis and treatment. The best positive threshold values for hemoglobin concentration in a quantitative fecal immunochemical test (FIT) are postulated in a fraction of foreign recommendations. We reviewed the FIT cut-off values in those clinical guidelines.
Materials and methods. The relevant publications were retrieved from PubMed and Google. The search horizon covered the last decade. Searches used the terms: «fecal immunochemical test» AND «screening» OR «cancer» AND «colorectal» OR «colon» OR «rectum", as well as other semantic and thematic forms. The recommendations appeared in last decade were reviewed.
Results. This review summarizes the cut-off values for hemoglobin concentration in FIT, included in the clinical and laboratory guidelines developed in such regions as: Europe, Canada, USA, New Zealand. Many CRC screening programs use the FIT with a threshold setting for interpreting a positive test result. In practice, a wide range of options for threshold hemoglobin concentrations is used to interpret positive results of quantitative FIT. The FIT cut-off value is critically important to select the size of population for further examination depending on capacity of colonoscopy units.
Discussion and conclusions. The foreign guidelines don’t establish single unified approach for FIT results interpretation, which would be an optimal fit for all imaginable practical situations in healthcare system. Improvement of screening techniques based on FIT would lead to the further steps on the way towards more effective and safe CRC diagnosis.
Primary disability of the adult population of the Krasnodar Territory due to malignant neoplasms
Authors: Murashko Roman , Shmatkova Anastasiia
Published: September 2021

According to the indicators of primary disability due to malignant neoplasms, the Krasnodar Territory belongs to the regions with an unstable trend, characterized by a pronounced increase in indicators over the past five years. During the twelve years studied in the territory of the region, there was a tendency to increase primary disability due to malignant neoplasms. One of the reasons for the increase in the level of primary disability is the late detection of malignant neoplasms by medical organizations of the region that provide assistance to the population on an outpatient basis. This is due to the lack of effectiveness of preventive examinations of the population, dispensary monitoring of patients with chronic precancerous diseases, insufficient oncological alertness of doctors of the main clinical specialties, as well as the citizens themselves.
Effect of modified neoadjuvant chemotherapy on levels of E6 oncoprotein in HPV-infected cervical tumor tissue
Authors: Frantsiyants Elena , Menshenina Anna , Moiseenko Tatiana , Ushakova Natalia , Verenikina Ekaterina , Pogorelova Yulia , Cheryarina Natalia , Gusev Vladimir , Evsegneeva Irina
Published: September 2021

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Background. Human papillomavirus (HPV) has been established to be the etiological factor of cervical cancer (CC). HPV infection and CC progression involve the direct participation of the E6 oncoprotein.
Aim. An analysis of the E6 oncoprotein levels in tissues of the tumor and its perifocal area in HPV-associated cervical squamous cell cancer as an objective indicator of the effect of treatment depending on preoperative chemotherapy.
Material and methods. The study included clinical and laboratory data of 237 patients with high-risk HPV infection of the cervix. The patients were divided into 4 groups: two main groups (CC T2а2–2bN0–1M0) and two control groups. Patients in the main group 1 (n=84) received standard neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT), in the main group 2 (n=93) — modified NACT with prior plasmapheresis session and a parallel course of nonspecific immunotherapy with Allokin-alpha. Control group 1 (n=40) included patients with CC T1b2–2a1N0–1M0, surgical treatment; control group 2 (n=20) — HPV-positive patients without CC. Levels of E6 were measured in samples of the cervical tumor and perifocal tissues.
Results. The lowest levels of the E6 oncoprotein were registered in the group of HPV-positive patients without CC. After modified NACT, E6 levels in tumor tissues remained 4.6 times higher than in intact tissues, and even so, these patients demonstrated minimal E6 levels compared to other CC patients. E6 in tumor tissues was significantly lower than in main group 1 (by 3.3 times) and 8 times lower than in control group 1. E6 levels in the perifocal tissues of patients in main group 2 were 1.9 times lower than in the corresponding tissues of patients in main group 1 and 2.2 times lower than in control group 1.
Conclusions. Inclusion of plasmapheresis and inducers of endogenous interferonogenesis into neoadjuvant treatment for cervical cancer can be considered pathogenetically justified, since it affects the key unit of cervical carcinogenesis.
Fertility preservation surgeries and reproductive technologies in patients with early ovarian cancer and borderline tumors
Authors: Lavrinovich Olga , Iakovleva Mariia , Berlev Igor , Urmancheeva Adel
Published: September 2021

Currently, available data indicate the oncological safety and high efficiency of fertility preservation surgeries and reproductive technologies in patients with early ovarian cancer.  The international scientific community is increasingly discussing the importance of timely patient information and the implementation of fertility preservation strategies in patients with early ovarian cancer.  Research in this area should be continued due to the lack of reliable data.
Сryoablation technology for bone metastases
Authors: Belyaev Alexey , Prokhorov Georgy , Burovik Ilya , Okonechnikova Daria
Published: September 2021

Puncture cryoablation of tumor lesions was performed as a part of complex palliative treatment of 32 patients with the fourth stage of the disease with bone metastases. Each patient, depending on the extent of the lesion, underwent from one to eight procedures. New domestic nitrogen equipment with reusable instruments was used. Cryoablation procedures were performed in the room for Computed Tomography (CT) using robotic navigation, as well as in the operating room under ultrasound monitoring. The indications for the procedure were severe pain syndrome, disease progression, prevention of pathological fractures, and the impossibility of performing the surgical treatment in patients with comorbidities. When performing cryoablation, the number and diameter of cryoprobes, the length of the needle and cryoprobe tip, the direction of insertion, and their mutual positioning were determined depending on the size and shape of the tumor lesion. The technique of puncture approaches and monitoring rules are described in detail. It is recommended to avoid the destruction of the pelvic ring, hip joint, to be careful in cases of tumor localization in the body and arches of the vertebrae, in the lateral parts of the sacrum, in the places where the nerve trunks adhere to the bone. The cryoablation procedure cannot be planned if the skin, the wall of a hollow organ, and the spinal cord are involved in the tumor process. There is a high risk of fracture after performing total cryoablation of metastasis if it covers more than a third of the diameter of the tubular bone.
Acquisition of Ownership for Unauthorized Construction
Authors: BORTNYK Olha
Published: September 2021

Legal relations concerning spontaneous construction are a special construction, which is not a classic example of civil relations, which are characterized by legal equality, free will, property independence of their participants, which are collectively considered the fundamental foundations of civil law. The study identifies and reveals the components of the basis for the acquisition of ownership of unauthorized construction, including: ownership can be recognized as a person for the property, which must have certain characteristics, necessary and integral features (characteristics); such property, by its legal nature, must belong to immovable property; construction must be under construction or already built; illegality (illegality) of such construction; constructed real estate or property that is under construction is located on a land plot that has not been allocated for this purpose, property is built or is being built with significant violations of applicable building codes and regulations, etc. Provisions on the understanding of each of the components of the basis for the acquisition of ownership of unauthorized construction are disclosed. Peculiarities of application of norms on unauthorized construction depending on the will of the owner of the land plot on which the unauthorized construction was carried out are stated, as well as attention is paid to the possibility of acquiring ownership of unauthorized construction by a person who did not carry out construction or the land owner. Opinions were expressed regarding the referral of the issue of acquiring the right of ownership for unauthorized construction to judicial jurisdiction.
Real Estate as an Object of Criminal Offenses
Authors: ZAKHARCHUK Viktor
Published: September 2021

The article provides a comprehensive scientific analysis of real estate as a subject, which is aimed at the criminal-illegal influence of the offender. The main features of real estate and criteria for its classification are given. The main typical ways of encroachment on real estate depending on its economic component, useful properties or realization of other criminal intent are systematized. The basic criteria which do not allow to carry real estate to a subject of encroachment at theft, robbery and a robbery are resulted. The list of criminal offenses, the subject of which may be real estate, is systematized and the types of such property are given. Real estate is analysed as a subject of separate criminal offenses against property — extortion and fraud. In case of committing such criminal offenses, damage to real estate may not be caused. On the contrary, real estate can even be improved. Therefore, in such cases, property damage is the unlawful deprivation of the owner of the opportunity to exercise his powers over the property. It is also established that quite often real estate is the subject of criminal offenses in the field of state registration of rights to immovable property committed by special entities. The system of criminal offenses, which consist in illegal destruction and damage of certain types of real estate, is analysed. Mostly such property is buildings and structures for various purposes. A separate way of criminal influence on real estate is the threat of its destruction or damage. Also, quite often the threat of destruction of real estate can be a way of committing other criminal offenses, which mainly consist in forcing the victim to perform certain actions or refrain from them. The ways of criminal-illegal influence on such type of real estate as a land plot are given. In this case, in the case of committing certain criminal offenses against the environment, land activity should not be considered as an object of immovable property, but as an element of the environment.
Mental Illness of Pregnant Womenin Al-zahraaTeaching Hospital, Wasit Al-Kut 2019
Authors: Areej Sabah Abdulridha  , Baidaa Abdulkareem Alwan  , Mahdi Abdulkarim Hamood
Published: September 2021

Maternal mental health considered as an important subject among leading public health experts. It hasbeen shown that women are two to three times more likely to be diagnosed with mental illness comparedto men. Chronic stress, experiencing war, and history of abuse are the most effective factors that associatedwith mental illness. Iraq has experienced years of challenging circumstances due to the political and socialenvironment as well as due to physical barriers to health care services. This paper presents findings ofprevious literatures in relative to mental illness among Iraqi women.In the current study, we are aiming todetermine the mental illness symptoms and effects in pregnancy during a period of all trimesters.Moreover,we try to assess risk factors’ effects on mental illness symptoms in order to have better understandingof the occurrence and associated factors in pregnancy.Type of study comparative cross -sectional studywith analytic component.A cross section study was conducted from 2018/9/5 to 2019/8/25. Observationsof present study show that there is a relationship between some factors like domestic violence,un plannedfor pregnancy, previous miscarriage, psychological trauma before or during pregnancy.Our study mainlyfocusing on women with maternal mental illness and inform strategies that would help to reduce and managematernal mental problems in order to promote their general health status.
Biochemical and Histopathological effects of Acetaminophen and Protective Effects of Naringin on Liver Rats
Authors: Aryaf Mahmood Sabea  , Ahlam J. H. AlKhamas  , Bashar Sabah Sahib  , Jawad Kadhim Faris
Published: September 2021

This study was conducted to find out liver protective activity of naringin (NRG) 40-80 mg/kg body weight(b.w.) against acetaminophen (ACN) 2g/kg induced liver damage in rats. Thirty two male rats were dividedinto four groups : group1: negative control, (1 ml/kg Saline orally) group II: positive control ACN (2g/kg), orally as single dose at first day, group III: ACN (2g/kg), orally as single dose at first day , plus NRG(40 mg//kg) orally for (8) consecutive days, group IV: ACN (2g/kg), orally as single dose at first day , plusNRG (80 mg//kg) orally for (8) consecutive days. All the rats were anesthetized to collect blood then killedon the (9) day of the experiment to take the liver samples. ACN induced liver damage was proved by asignificant (P<0.01) reduction in the body weight , total protein (TP) , albumin (AB) , superoxide dismutase(SOD) and catalase (CAT) enzymes and a significant (P<0.01) increased in liver weight, serum aspartatetransaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), total bilirubin (TB), directbilirubin (DB) , malondialdehyde enzyme (MAD) and histopathological changes. Protective liver toxicityeffect and oxidative damage caused by ACN significantly (P<0.01) increasing in body weight, TP, AB ,SODand CAT and significantly (P<0.01) decreasing in liver weight , AST, ALT, ALP, TB, DB and MAD andimproving tissue morphology by a meliorative in NRG 40 , 80 mg/kg b.w. These results confirm that NRGantioxidant effects can protect ACN induced hepatic toxicity in rats.
Review of Fungal Infection in Human Beings and Role of COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Batool Mutar Mahdi
Published: September 2021

Background: Fungal infections are common throughout the world. In humans, fungal infections occurwhen an invading fungus takes over an area of the body and the immune system is unable to handle it anderadicate it. Fungi can live in the air, soil, water, and plants and there are also some fungi that live naturallyin the human body.Aim of the Study: To search and review the current literature surrounding fungal infection in different partsof body and role of fungal infection during COVID-19 pandemic.Methods: Henari, MEDLINE, EMBASE, PubMed, and Web of Science were searched using searchcriteria relating to fungal infection and relation with COVID-19 infection. Articles presenting clinical datafor patients with fungal infection and coronavirus infection reported in English only were included. Datadescribing prognosis and outcomes were extracted.Results: 1100 abstracts were identified. Five full texts reporting fungal infection were included. Analysisshowed wide use of empirical broad-spectrum antibacterials drugs in spite of evidence for bacterialcoinfection.Conclusions: Despite frequent prescription of broad-spectrum empirical antibiotics in patients withcoronavirus-associated respiratory tract infections, there is a small number of data to support the associationwith respiratory fungal coinfection. Generation of prospective confirmation to support development ofantimicrobial antibiotics strategy and suitable stewardship specific for the COVID-19 pandemic is urgentlyrequired.
Prevalence of Internet Gaming Disorder (IGD) in University Students and its Relationship with Depression
Authors: Bandana Bisht  , Navdeep Kaur  , Sandeep Kumar Goyal
Published: September 2021

Introduction: Internet gaming disorder (IGD) is the emerging disorder in adolescents. The most commonmotivators behind IGD is coping with stressors, escapism, control over one’s life, excitement and challenges.Aims: The current study was done with the aims: 1) To find the prevalence of IGD in university students2) To find the prevalence of depression among university students 3) To find the association of IGD withdepression among university students.Settings and Design: A descriptive research design was used to collect data from a private university.Setting of the study was food court of the selected university.Methods and Material: A total of 91 college students were recruited from a selected university. Purposivesampling method was used to collect the data. Internet Gaming Disorder addiction was checked with thehelp of DSM-5 criteria. Depression was checked with the help of PHQ-9 questionnaire.Statistical Analysis Used: Chi-square was used to check the association between IGD and depression.Results: Twenty-one (23%) respondents were found to have IGD. Out of 21 respondents who had IGD,9 were having mild depression, 4 were having moderate and 3 were having severe depression. Out of 70respondents who did not suffer from IGD, 28 showed no signs of depression, 36 had mild depression andonly 6 reported moderate depression. None of them had severe depression. The results demonstrated thatinternet gaming disorder was significantly associated with depression (p<0.005).Conclusions: Majority of the respondents having IGD had also reported co-morbid depression on PHQ-9questionnaire. Thus depression needs to be identified and treated in clients suffering with Internet gamingdisorder.
Peutz Jeghers Syndrome in 47 Years Old Woman (Histopathological Review) : Case Report
Authors: Danu Yuliarto  , Prasetyadi Mawardi  , Ambar Mudigdo
Published: September 2021

Background: Peutz-Jeghers syndrome (PJS) is an autosomal dominant inherited disorder, characterizedby intestinal hamartoma polyps in association with distinct patterns of skin and mucosal macular melanindeposition. Patients with PJS have a 15-fold increased risk of developing bowel cancer compared to thegeneral population.Case: A 47-year-old woman complained of black patches appearing on the lower and upper lips. Severalmonths ago, the patient said that black patches appeared on the gums and inner cheeks. Gastrointestinalcomplaints such as nausea or vomiting were previously denied. Dermatological examination in the oriset ginggiva et buccalis region showed multiple well-defined hyperpigmented macules. Histopathologicalexamination found an increase of melanocytes in the stratum basale with rows of melanocytes. Patienthad an endoscopy in the gastrointestinal tract and histopathological examination of the colonic mucosa, noabnormalities were found and no signs of malignancy were found on histopathological examination.Conclusion: Result of histopathological examination showed an increase in the number of melanocytesin the stratum basale with lined melanocytes. Based on histopathological examination in this patient moreleads to the diagnosis of PJS
Amniotic Band Syndromewith Unique Clinical Presentations: A Case Report
Authors: Donel Suhaimi  , Maya Savira  , ShintaPuja Tilusari
Published: September 2021

Amniotic band syndromeis a rare congenital disorder which associated with physical abnormalities suchas disruption, deformation, and malformations of organs. The most common abnormalities usually involvethe limbs that could range from simple constriction rings to complete amputation.In this case report, wereport anamniotic band syndrome with unique clinical presentations. The case was a new born male babywho was normally delivered and presented with a ring-like constriction at over middle right lower limband fusion (syndactyly) of left lower limb and right arm. In this report we also discuss different diagnosticmodalities which could be used in diagnosingamniotic band syndrome, the risk factors, type of amnioticband syndrome, post-natal diagnose, as well as the therapy.
The Construction of Legal Protection For Aesthetic Patients
Authors: Endang Sri Sarastri
Published: September 2021

Plastic surgery, primarily aesthetic plastic surgery, is increasingly becoming one of the beauty proceduresthat is increasingly considered commonplace to be carried out by people in various countries in the world.When viewed from the sociological aspect of this aesthetic operation, it is solely aimed at improving thequality of life and utilizing science and technology, both of which, when linked from a legal perspective inIndonesia, is in line with the formulation contained in Article 28 C paragraph (1) of The 1945 Constitutionof the Republic of Indonesia as the state constitution of Indonesia. However, this aesthetic plastic surgeryencountered various obstacles; this can be proven from the problems that occurred with Mrs. P and Dr. W,where this case is related to the actions of Doctor W, who performed reconstructive and aesthetic surgeryon Mrs. P’s nose. For this case, Dr. W was threatened with unlawful acts for the medical actions he took.Therefore, this article will analyze the legal construction in Indonesia that regulates legal protection forplastic surgery patients. This article aims to find out and analyze how legal construction in Indonesia regulatesaesthetic plastic surgery. This is indicated to provide an understanding and test whether the medical actionof aesthetic plastic surgery can be said to be part of the scope of regulation regarding consumer protectionwhich is accommodated in Law No. 8 of 1999 or not. This research uses normative legal research methods.That is research conducted by examining library materials. The data used is secondary data, which includesprimary legal materials in statutory regulations, then also uses secondary legal materials that explain primarylegal custody. Construction of Legal Protection for Aesthetic Plastic Surgery consists of laws and regulationsrelating to the health/medical field that apply in Indonesia and the laws that apply in Indonesia, namely Lawno. 29 of 2004 concerning Medical Practice, Law No. 36 of 2009 concerning Health, Law Number 44 of2009 concerning Hospitals, Law Number 36 of 2014 concerning Health Workers, and the Civil Code: Article1313; 1319; 1320; 1330; 1333; 1337; 1338 and 1454, so that the provisions governing consumer protectionare not included in the scope for medical treatment.
The Undernutrition Prevalence of Under-Two-Years Infant in Indonesia: Do breastfeeding Practices Ecologically Matter?
Authors: Fandaruzzahra Putri Perdani  , Agung Dwi Laksono  , Djazuly Chalidyanto  , Fandaruzzahra Putri Perdani
Published: September 2021

Undernutrition due to inappropriate feeding practices for children increases morbidity. Breastfeeding isconsidered the most important in a baby's growth and development. Breastfeeding started within one hour ofbirth and was maintained exclusively for the first six months until one year of age or more to obtain optimalbenefits. The study aims to determine the ecological relationship between undernutrition in 2-year-old infantand breastfeeding practice in Indonesia. This study is based on environmental analysis using a report of the2018 Indonesia Basic Health Survey. The dependent variable was the prevalence of undernutrition in 2-yearoldinfant. Besides, the independent variables were four optimum breastfeeding practices. The analysisused bivariate analysis with scatter plot in statistic application. The study results show . The higher theproportion of early initiation of breastfeeding in a province, the lower the levels of undernutrition in childrenaged two years in that province. The higher the ratio of starting to breastfeed less than one hour in an area,the lower the undernutrition levels in children aged two years in that area. On the other side, the higher theproportion of the mother giving all colostrum in a province, the lower the undernutrition levels in childrenaged two years in Indonesia in that province. The higher the proportion of still being breastfed 0-23 monthsin a region, the lower the undernutrition levels in children aged two years in that region. The study concludedthat optimal breastfeeding practices negatively affect the levels of undernutrition in children aged two years.
Evaluation of Primigravida Women’s Childbirth Self-efficacy at Al-Elwea Maternity Hospital in Baghdad City
Authors: Fatima Fadel Benyian  , Rabea Mohsen Ali
Published: September 2021

Abstract: Pregnant women who believe themselves have capabilities to cope with childbirth, they feel ableto control labor stress. On the other hand, if they believe themselves uncappable to cope with labor, theycannot control labor stress and may choose cesarean delivery.Objectives: To evaluate women’s self-efficacy of childbirth and find out the association between women’sself-efficacy and study variables.Methods: Descriptive study of non-probability (purposive sample) was used to collect the data from (100)women. A pilot-test was conducted to determine the reliability of the questionnaire. Data were analyzedthrough the use of SPSS.Results: The higher percentage of women’s age was (20-29) years graduated from secondary school. Aboutone-third of them in gestational age 32 weeks. More than two-thirds of them are preferred cesarean birth.They have a low childbirth self-efficacy. There are significant differences between women’s age, education,occupation, delivery preference, and childbirth self-efficacy.Conclusion: This study finds that primigravida women have low childbirth self-efficacy, and there aresignificant differences between women’s self-efficacy with the demographic and reproductive variables.Recommendations: Primigravida women need prenatal education and encouragement regarding labor toincrease their believe of own capability to control and cope with labor stress.
Molecular Detection of Helicobacter Pylori in Sheep at ALMuthana Province of Iraq
Authors: Ftima Atiya Kareem  , Nabeel M.H. Al- Maaly
Published: September 2021

Helicobacter pylori (H. Pylori) was discovered in 1982. Over 50% of the world population is infected bythis bacterium. H. Pylori is the main cause of gastritis, peptic ulcers, and gastric cancer in human. Foodswith animal origins play a substantial role in the transmission of H. Pylori. The present investigation wascarried out to study the molecular detection of H.pylori in stomach gastric tissue of the sheep.Collectingof the samples occur randomly from various area of Al-Muthana province slaughter house(AL-Muthana,AL-Khudur, AL-Rumethah)from October 2019 to February 2020 . One hundred and fifty (n 75 male, n 75female) abomasums samples were collected and dissection in aseptic manner then stored in deep freeze(Liquid nitrogen -196) until processing and analyzed for the presence of 16s RNA and VACA genotypes.This study showed that the Prevalence of H. Pylori in the gastric samples of sheep at slaughterhouses(Al-Muthana, Al-Khdur, Al-Rumethah) were (9 positives) 18 % and (7) 14%, (15) 30% respectively. Themost commonly detected genotypes in the gastric samples of slaughterhouses were 16s RNA (20.67%)in ewes(25.33%) . AL-Rumetha was the most commonly detected H. Pylori (30%). Results showed thatgastric tissue of sheep can act as a reservoir to H. Pylori and disseminate the pathogen in feces and milk thentransmitted to human during uses of unpasteurized milk ,or meat .samples could be the potential sources ofvirulent strains of H. Pylori. Application of sanitary measures in the storage, transportation and sale of meatis essential for reducing the levels of H. Pylori cross contamination.
Administrative Factors and Key Success Factors Affecting the Surveillance, Prevention and Control of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) among the Health Personnel at Sub-District Health Promoting Hospital
Authors: Gerattikun Kaenphrom  , Prachak Bouphan  , Krissana Aunthakot  , Surachai Phimha
Published: September 2021

This is a cross-sectional study aimed to identifyadministrative factors and key success factors affectingthe surveillance, prevention, and control of COVID-9 among the health personnel at sub-district healthpromoting hospitals in KhonKaenProvince. The sample size was 138 health workers working in Sub-districthealth promoting hospital KhonKaenProvince, Thailand. Respondents were selected by applying systematicsampling method. A total of 905 people were selected from the study population for the quantitative studyand 12 key informants were selected for the qualitative study. The qualitative study was carried out byusing in-depth interview guidelines. The questionnaire was evaluated by 3 experts yielding an IOC value ofmore than 0.50 in all questions. The Cronbach’s alpha coefficient of the questionnaire was 0.92. Data wascollected between 21st December 2020 to 9th January 2021. Data analysis was performed by descriptivestatistics and inferential statistics as a significant level at 0.05.The results of the study showed that key success in all levels of agencies involved were with a work planto support the performance, the performance link between the hospital and link to a major hospital, and theadministrative factors of time, money, and management affecting and could jointly predict the surveillance,prevention and control of COVID-19(72.7%e (R2 = 0.727, p-value < 0.001).In conclusion, five factors areidentified to affect surveillance, control and prevention of COVID-19 amongthe public health officials.Therefore, there should be a plan to support the performance in assigning responsibilities, promotingparticipation in policy making, planning of time, budgetmanagement and regular and proper co-ordinationfor internal and external organizations.
Swimming Improves Memory Function and Decreases N-Methyl-D-Aspartate in Ageing Rats
Authors: Hanik Badriyah Hidayati  , Purwo Sri Rejeki  , Lilik Herawati  , Susi Wahyuning Asih  , Suhartati Suhartati  , Siti Khaerunnisa
Published: September 2021

A single Memory impairment substantially reduces the quality of life in the elderly. It is associated with thealteration of neurotrophic (NT) factors, such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and glutamatereceptor N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA). Exercise is often used to reduce cognitive impairment. Previousstudies show that the benefits of aerobic exercises on such impairments are correlated with increasing BDNFand preventing the production of NMDA. However, some results remain controversial. Thus, the associationbetween exercise and Memory was addressed by examining increases in BDNF and the reduction of NMDAin ageing rats. The study used a randomized, post-test-only controlled group of 30 male one-year-old ageingRattus norvegicus divided into three groups, namely, K0 (control) and K1 and K2 (aerobic swimmingexercise). K1 and K2 animals differed in the frequency of exercise, which is three and four sessions perweek, respectively. Memory was assessed using Y-maze performance. BDNF and NMDA were analyzedusing enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. A significant improvement in memory function and reductionin the NMDA level were observed in K1 and K2 group rats (p = 0.001; p = 0.041). No significant impact onthe BDNF levels was observed (p = 0.387). Swimming may boost Memory by reducing the NMDA levelbut not by increasing BDNF. Swimming is a promising method for preventing or delaying memory loss indegenerative brain diseases. Further investigation is needed to fully understand underlying mechanisms.
Human Carbon Footprint as the Basis for Determining Healthy Indoor Volume Dimensions
Authors: Harida Samudro  , Sarwoko Mangkoedihardjo
Published: September 2021

This paper was presented to determine the volume unit of indoor based on the human carbon footprint. Thepurpose of this approach was to formulate the ideal dimensions of an indoor, which was able to maintainhuman health. The basis for determining the dimensions was adapted to tropical conditions. For users innon-tropical areas, slight adjustments to temperature and ventilation may be required.Some examples ofindoor dimension evaluation and planning were presented in this paper. In general, it was obtained that theindoor dimension could be found using the volume unit of a healthy room of3.0 m3/person/hour. The volumeunit was linear with the number of users and time of existence in the room. This contributed significantly topeople, who can easily and quickly find out the dimensions of space according to their needs.
Gene Expression and Antioxidant Effects of Cinnamon (Cinnamomum Zeylanicum, Breyne) in Alloxan -Induced Diabetic Rats
Authors: Hayder Ghazi Abdulshaheed  , Haidar K.A.Alsaedi
Published: September 2021

Background and Aim: In this study rats, a systematic analysis was conducted to examine the antioxidantproperties of cinnamon (Cinnamomum Zeylanicum, Breyne) in controlling high blood sugar levels, and apharmacological comparison made to investigate whether or not it had a positive effect on the antioxidantsystem.Materials and Methods: Alloxan 60 mg injected into the marginal ear veins of eighteen diabetic rats Afterthis diabetic animal study, the rats were randomly assigned to 4 groups. There were six animals in each ofthe 4 groups: Group 1(C): Positive control, Received orally 5 ml normal saline (0.9% NaCl) daily. Group2(D): Negative control, Diabetes rats only, received single-dose alloxan 60 mg/kg body weight. Group3(K): Diabetes rats, received cinnamon orally 35 mg/kg body weight dissolved in 2 ml normal. Group 4(I):Diabetes rats, was given 2 I.U/ animal of insulin subcutaneously daily.Results: All animal groups were treated for four weeks.Blood samples were taken from these groups weeklyfor biochemical analysis to estimate: Blood glucose malondialdehyde(MDA), Glutathione (GSH). Theresults showed high glucose and MDA concentration associated with an increased oxidant stress alloxaninduces on diabetic animals. The statistical analysis showed that a cinnamon significant (P<0.05) reductionin glucose, MDA,GSH comparison with positive control. The level of MDA, GSH was also significantlyreduced (P<0.05) in all period comparison with the period before treated with Cinnamon extract .there was4.3-fold more Ins I upregulated in the Cinnamon -treated diabetic rats 35 percent of the control group wereheterozygous and three percent of the experimental group were mutant for that trait.Conclusion: Furthermore, Cinnamon-treated diabetic rats (group K) showed a significant increase inthe activities of both enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants with concomitant overexpression ofinsulin I genes when compared to diabetic control rats (group D). Cinnamon contains antioxidants andantihyperglycemic effects at the end of the experiment.
Association of the TP53 Codon 72 Polymorphisms with PCOS Female Infertility in Karbala City
Authors: Inam Joudah Radhi  , Abdulmutalb Badr Manhy Alkhaleeli  , Hameedah Hadi AbdulWahid
Published: September 2021

To training the association of polycystic ovaries with p53 and 72 polymorphisms in the population offemale infertility in central Karbala and to search for possible interaction with the polymorphism. TheIraqi environment was suffered from acts of profanation by due to wars in Iraq, since 1990 and after 2003,An enormous number of damages and deaths were affected by destructive chemicals and radioactiveresources. These events resulted in either cancer or infertility. Infertility is one of the medical, social andpsychological burdens in Iraqi society. After 12 months or more of failure to a clinical pregnancy lead to aregular unprotected sexual intercourse.
Effect of Noise on General Health Status of Electrical Generator Workers in Iraq
Authors: Mohammed Fakhri Azeez  , Fatima Wanas Khudair2  , Ali A. Al-Fahham
Published: September 2021

Electrical generators in Iraq have been a series problem regarding occupational and environmental pollution.The current study aimed to determine the level of general health status among generator workers in AlDiwaniyah City Iraq, and its correlation with noise and demographic data . A descriptive cross-sectionaldesign was conducted in the current study . It was carried out at the private electrical generators inA-Diwaniyah City from the period between the 15th of October 2020 until the 15th of March 2021 . Apurposive study of 150 generator workers has been selected .General health was determined by GeneralHealth questionnaire (GHQ-28) which is comprised of 28 items, and include four aspects : somatic, social, depression and anxiety . Noise intensity level was measured by sound level meter (SLM) . The results ofthe present study revealed that average level of noise intensity inside the workers’ room was (78.12 db) ;while it was (104.14 db) near the generator . The results also showed that the assessment of most domain(social, depression, and anxiety) was moderate, except for somatic domain which it was good . There was asignificant negative correlation between noise and depression and anxiety . It has been concluded that : Mostof the generator workers showed a moderate level of general health status ; Most of the generators workershad moderate level for anxiety, depression and social aspects ; Noise intensities inside the generator roomsexceeds the upper limits accepted for human health .
The Biological Activity of Alcoholic Extracts of Cordia myxa Plant Against Klebsiella. Isolated from Infected Patients
Authors: Bassam M. Shamkhy  , Yass K. Abbas
Published: September 2021

Plants have been used as drugs by humans since thousands of years ago . The study aimed to investigate theeffectiveness of alcoholic extracts of the fruits , leaves and seeds of Cordia myxa plant against pathogenicmicroorganisms (i.e. Klebsiella) . This was done in the laboratories of the Department of Life Sciences /College of Education in Nasiriya southern of Iraq . The results showed that the alcohol extract of the leaf wassignificantly superior to that of the fruit and seed extract. The results also showed that the growth inhibitionand the effectiveness against Klebsiella bacteria was at the average concentration of 300mg / mL 32.66 ±2.08 , representing the highest inhibitory concentration. It was concluded that leaves of the Cordia myxa isone of the best parts of the plant that have inhibitory effects on Klebsiella bacteria compared to the fruit andseed .
Nurses’ Knowledge about MCH Services at Primary Health Care Centers in Rural Areas of Babylon Governorate - Iraq
Authors: Ibraheem Abdul-Hifid Hussein  , Aysen Kamal Mohammed Noori
Published: September 2021

Background: If you truly believe that every mother and every child deserve the best possible care, whetheror not the newborn comes into this world or during that time or after, that means that you are with us on thesame train. The study aims to assess nurses’ knowledge about MCH; and determine the relationship betweennurses’ knowledge and their demographic characteristics.Methods: A descriptive study was used to guide this study. The study included a convenience sample of(98) nurses.Data were collection using a self-report questionnaire. Data were analyzed using the statistical package forsocial science. The descriptive and inferential statistical measures were used.The study results revealed that nurses have a moderate knowledge. Nurses’ education, years of experience,and training courses significantly correlate with their knowledge.Conclusion : Nurses’ knowledge about maternal and childcare were moderate and their knowledge wereinfluenced by educational level, years of experience, and training. Longer years of experiences in maternaland childcare and more training on MCH program help to increase their knowledge.
Varicella Pneumonia in an Elderly Patient
Authors: Isidro Lumanpauw  , Usman Hadi
Published: September 2021

Varicella pneumonia is a common complication in adults, while it is a mild and self-limiting disease inchildren. Elderly patients may have severe manifestations compared to adults due to the weakening oftheir immune system in clearing the virus. Treatment with intravenous acyclovir and varicella-zosterimmunoglobulin (VZIG) offers a good prognosis, while the use of steroids is still debated. Despite standardmanagement, our case presents a fatality in an older woman with varicella pneumonia.
Too Blue To Be True”: Indoxacarb Induced Methemoglobinemia- A Rare Case
Authors: Jerry Jacob  , Karthik Reddy C H  , Jobin James  , Nijila Janardhanan
Published: September 2021

Indoxacarb is an oxadiazine insecticide, which is a sodium channel blocker in the nervous system of insectsand causes mild tremors, cessation of feeding, and death in few hours.Here we describe a case of novaluron and indoxacarb poisoning in a suicide attempt. The patient presentedwith cyanosis with saturation – paO2 gapindicating methemoglobinemia and was treated with methyleneblue and other supportive measures.
Forensic Medical Assessment of Thanatogenesis in the Experience of Gunshot Injuries
Authors: Julia V. Zbrueva
Published: September 2021

Gunshot injury remains relevant at the present time and requires serious study. During the examination ofa gunshot injury, it is necessary to answer the investigator’s questions about the cause of death, the typeand rate of thanatogenesis, the distance of the shot, the sequence and mechanism of damage formation, andthe severity of the injury. The aim of the study was to determine the type of thanatogenesis in death fromvarious types of gunshot injuries. Standard methods of sectional research, forensic histological methods,morphological and statistical analysis, supplemented with semi-quantitative technologies of thanatogeneticanalysis were used in the study. The material for this study was 85 cases of death from gunshot injuries,which was distributed by gender, age, location of the injury, type and rate of thanatogenesis, type of gunshotinjury (bullet and shotgun wounds), the distance of the shot and the duration of hospital stay.
Outcomes of Fissurectomy and Advancement Flap in Management of Chronic Anal Fissure
Authors: Khairallah Muzhir Gabash  , Saleh Omairi  , SarabMuhammed Zeki RAdhi
Published: September 2021

Chronic anal fissure is a painful linear tear in the mucocutaneous junction of the distal part of the analcanal and involves the full thickness of mucosa, causing severe pain may last even hours after defecation.Usually,it occurs along the midline either anterior or posterior,if it presents off the midline, other pathologymight be associated with. Unhealed anal fissure after 6-8 weeks is defined chronic, with the presence of othercriteria,it unlikely heals with medical treatment, and surgery is mandatory after pharmacological treatmentfailure. Lateral internal sphincterotomy had high healing rate, but unfortunately, with risk of incontinence.Fissurectomywithcomplete excision of the fissure keeping the internal anal sphincter intact,and anadvancement flap of well vascularized tissue is transferred to cover the base of fissure and improve healing.This study mainly aiming to analyze the outcome of fissurectomy with advancement flap procedure in thetreatment of chronic anal fissure and highlight its advantage in terms of healing rate and complicationsespecially anal incontinence.During a period of about 5 years 345 patients (260 males and 85 females), havebeen included in this study and were diagnosed as cases of chronic anal fissure. After administration of localanesthetic,fissurectomywith advanced flap was performed. Patients had been followed up regularly for 6-24months. Data collected and statistical analysesby using SPSS. About 75% ofpatients were males while, 25% were females, their ages were between 20-59 year, most of the patients werein thirties, nevertheless most of the females were in twenties.Mean time for wound healing was 10 days.Whilst complete fissure healing process lasting approximately one month. About 11.9% of the patients takemore than one month to complete healing process. Healing rate was 100% after the follow up period of 6-24months. Recurrence developed only in 2% of the patients. None of the patients developed incontinence,anal stenosis, key hole deformity, necrosis or urine retention. From this study concluded Fissurectomy withadvancement flap in the treatment of chronic anal fissure is cost effective procedure, can be done under LAwith least time-off work, with low complication, low recurrence,and no incontinence.
Sensitivity and Specificity of Postmortem CT for Detection of Thoracic Injury
Authors: Komet Kosawiwat  , RathachaiKaewlai  , Pinporn Jenjitranant  , Wisarn Worasuwannarak
Published: September 2021

Objective: Postmortem CT (PMCT) can help conventional autopsy in determining the cause of death andfinding injury to various organs. Since injuries among several vital organs in the thorax can cause death, thisresearch aims to assess the performance of PMCT in detecting injuries of the thoracic cavity organs.Materials and Method: A total of 56 dead bodies by unnatural traumatic death who underwent PMCTbefore autopsy were collected. Thoracic traumatic findingsfrom PMCT were compared with data obtainedfrom conventional autopsy wherethe autopsy was the reference standard and calculated for sensitivity,specificity, PPV, NPV, and accuracy.Results:Findings in which PMCT showed high sensitivity included air (100%) and fluid (86.67%). Intermsof bone fracture, sensitivity and accuracy were79.18% and 88.69%, respectively, especially for T-spinefractures (sensitivity 92.31%, accuracy 87.50%) and clavicle fractures (sensitivity 90%, accuracy 89.29%).For rib fractures, PMCTexhibited moderate to high sensitivity (68.18-91.67%) and high accuracy (78.57-98.21%). For soft tissueinjuries, PMCT had high specificity (99.21%), but low sensitivity (34.94%).Conclusion: PMCT is useful in detecting thoracic injuries in conjunction with the conventional autopsy byhelping to diagnose bone fractures, abnormal air, and fluid with high sensitivity and specificity.
The Influence of Sociodemographic Factors on Community Knowledge, Perceptions, Attitudes, and Practices towards COVID-19 Prevention Protocols : A Scoping Review
Authors: Lintang Puspita Prabarini  , Kumboyono Kumboyono  , Laily Yuliatun
Published: September 2021

Background: WHO declared COVID-19 as a global pandemic due to its rapid spread and has beenconfirmed worldwide. Preventive efforts are made to minimize the virus spread among the community.Sociodemographicfactors play an integral role in determining the communityknowledge, perception,attitudes, and practice towards COVID-19 prevention protocols.Methods: This review was conducted on various journal articles to see the sociodemographic factors thatinfluence the levels of knowledge, perceptions, attitudes, and practices of the community towardsCOVID-19prevention protocols. Journal articles were selected under the PRISMA guidelines, from which 28 articleswere found to meet the predetermined criteria.Result: Several sociodemographic factors found to affect the levels of knowledge, attitudes, practices,and perceptions of respondents towards the COVID-19 prevention protocols were age, gender, education,marital status, occupation, socio economic status, area of residence, and nationality.Conclusion: Education and socio economic status/monthly income were found to be the main factors thatinfluenced the respondents’ level of knowledge. Individuals with higher education tended to take healthproblems more seriously, as shown by their better scores of compliance with the COVID-19 preventionprotocols, compared to the scores shown by other groups.