bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Object detection method on station logo with single shot multi‐box detector
Authors: Rong Fei , Shasha Li , Qingzheng Xu , Kun Liu
Published: July 2020

In this work, the authors design an object detection method by the characteristics of the station with convolutional neural network, such as small scale‐to‐height ratio change and relatively fixed position. In order to realise the pre‐processing and feature extraction of the station data, they collect the video samples and filter, frame, label and process to these samples. Also then, the training sample data and the test sample data are divided proportionally to train the station detection model. After that, the sample is tested to evaluate the effect of the training model in practice. The simulation experiments proved its validity.
Fully compressible simulations of waves and core convection in main-sequence stars
Authors: Horst L. , Edelmann P. V. F. , Andrássy R. , Röpke F. K. , Bowman D. M. , Aerts C. , Ratnasingam R. P.
Published: July 2020

Context. Recent, nonlinear simulations of wave generation and propagation in full-star models have been carried out in the anelastic approximation using spectral methods. Although it makes long time steps possible, this approach excludes the physics of sound waves completely and requires rather high artificial viscosity and thermal diffusivity for numerical stability. A direct comparison with observations is thus limited.

Aims. We explore the capabilities of our compressible multidimensional Seven-League Hydro (SLH) code to simulate stellar oscillations.

Methods. We compare some fundamental properties of internal gravity and pressure waves in 2D SLH simulations to linear wave theory using two test cases: (1) an interval gravity wave packet in the Boussinesq limit and (2) a realistic 3 M⊙ stellar model with a convective core and a radiative envelope. Oscillation properties of the stellar model are also discussed in the context of observations.

Results. Our tests show that specialized low-Mach techniques are necessary when simulating oscillations in stellar interiors. Basic properties of internal gravity and pressure waves in our simulations are in good agreement with linear wave theory. As compared to anelastic simulations of the same stellar model, we can follow internal gravity waves of much lower frequencies. The temporal frequency spectra of velocity and temperature are flat and compatible with the observed spectra of massive stars.

Conclusion. The low-Mach compressible approach to hydrodynamical simulations of stellar oscillations is promising. Our simulations are less dissipative and require less luminosity boosting than comparable spectral simulations. The fully-compressible approach allows for the coupling of gravity and pressure waves in the outer convective envelopes of evolved stars to be studied in the future.
Revisiting the thermal relaxation of neutron stars
Authors: Sales Thiago , Lourenço Odilon , Dutra Mariana , Negreiros Rodrigo
Published: July 2020

In this work, we revisit the thermal relaxation process for neutron stars. Such a process is associated with the thermal coupling between the core and the crust of neutron stars. The thermal relaxation, which takes place at around 10–100 years, is manifested as a sudden drop in the star’s surface temperature. Such a drop is smooth for slowly cooling objects and very sharp for fast-cooling ones. In our study, we focused particularly on the cooling of neutron stars whose mass is slightly greater than the value above which the direct Urca (DU) process sets in. Considering different mechanisms for neutrino production in each region of the star, and working with equations of state with different properties, we solved the thermal evolution equation and calculated the thermal relaxation time for an ample range of neutron star masses. By performing a comprehensive study of neutron stars just above the onset of the DU process, we show that stars under these conditions exhibit a peculiar thermal relaxation behavior. We demonstrate that such stars exhibit an abnormally late relaxation time, characterized by a second drop in its surface temperature taking place a later age. We qualified such behavior by showing that it is associated with limited spatial distribution of the DU process in such stars. We show that as the star’s mass increases, the DU region also grows, and the star exhibits the expected behavior of fast-cooling stars. Finally, we show that one can expect high relaxation times for stars in which the DU process takes place in a radius no larger than 3 km.
Directivity pattern of the sound radiated from square stepped-plate radiators
Authors: Xiping He , Na Li
Published: July 2020

A square flat-plate radiator driven by a longitudinal vibrator at the resonant frequency of its fourth-order natural vibration mode at its center for the generation of highly directional ultrasonic radiation in air is studied herein. The radiator was able to create a bending vibration mode whose four straight nodal lines were located at a 45° angle on each side. To obtain highly directional sound, the surrounding area of the four right isosceles triangles formed by a nodal line and two sides is modified to be raised one by half the wavelength of sound radiated in the propagation medium so that surface elements vibrate in phase. Then, the relation among the frequencies, nodal lines of the rhombus mode, and geometrical dimensions of the radiator is determined. The calculated directivity pattern of the stepped-plate radiator is equivalent to that of its corresponding theoretical piston, i.e., a stepped plate is a piston-like radiator. Results show that the measured vibrational-mode shape of the stepped-plate radiator is consistent with the calculated one, and the calculated directivity pattern is almost similar to the measured one.
La gestion des populations d’abeilles inscrite dans des milieux. L’exemple de l’abeille corse
Authors: Lauvie Anne , Sorba Jean-Michel , Adam Antonin , Amzil Lahoucine , Michon Geneviève
Published: July 2020

La gestion de la biodiversité apiaire est un enjeu fort. En France, certains dispositifs ont pour objectif de conserver des abeilles locales alors que le modèle majoritaire a pour but de sélectionner des abeilles pour la production en toutes localités. L’article analyse les modalités d’émergence et la trajectoire du dispositif de gestion de l’abeille corse dont l’objectif est tout à la fois le maintien de l’abeille locale et sa sélection. La gestion de l’abeille locale est en relation étroite avec l’appellation d’origine contrôlée (AOC) Miel de Corse et combine plusieurs registres d’intérêts qui vont bien au-delà des seules considérations de gestion génétique. Nous montrons que la gestion de la population de l’écotype local s’inscrit dans un milieu biogéographique, sociotechnique et socioéconomique.
Huddlen Sie schon?
Authors: Kurmann Jörg , Schirk Petra
Published: July 2020

Das Huddle-Board ist eine Alternative, um in kurzen Meetings Einzelprozesse voranzutreiben und Erfolge oder auch Probleme zu benennen. Erfahren Sie mehr über das transparente Instrument, das auf Zahlen und Fakten basiert.
Mitarbeiter nachhaltig motivieren
Authors: Hößl Irene
Published: July 2020

Ein wichtiger Faktor bei der Motivation ist das Verhalten der Führungskraft. Doch muss sich jeder auch selbst motivieren. Lesen Sie, welche Tools greifen und welchen Rahmen es braucht, Pflegende nachhaltig zu motivieren.
Term Labor Induction and Cesarean Delivery Risk among Obese Women with and without Comorbidities
Authors: Glazer Kimberly B. , Danilack Valery A. , Field Alison E. , Werner Erika F. , Savitz David A.
Published: July 2020

Objective Findings of the recent ARRIVE (A Randomized Trial of Induction Versus Expectant Management) trial, showing reduced cesarean risk with elective labor induction among low-risk nulliparous women at 39 weeks' gestation, have the potential to change interventional delivery practices but require examination in wider populations. The aim of this study was to identify whether term induction of labor was associated with reduced cesarean delivery risk among women with obesity, evaluating several maternal characteristics associated with obesity, induction, and cesarean risk.

Study Design We studied administrative records for 66,280 singleton, term births to women with a body mass index ≥30, without a prior cesarean delivery, in New York City from 2008 to 2013. We examined elective inductions in 39 and 40 weeks' gestation and calculated adjusted risk ratios for cesarean delivery risk, stratified by parity and maternal age. We additionally evaluated medically indicated inductions at 37 to 40 weeks among women with obesity and diabetic or hypertensive disorders, comorbidities that are strongly associated with obesity.

Results Elective induction of labor was associated with a 25% (95% confidence interval: 19–30%) lower adjusted risk of cesarean delivery as compared with expectant management at 39 weeks of gestation and no change in risk at 40 weeks. Patterns were similar when stratified by parity and maternal age. Risk reductions in week 39 were largest among women with a prior vaginal delivery. Women with comorbidities had reduced cesarean risk with early term induction and in 39 weeks.

Conclusion Labor induction at 39 weeks was consistently associated with reduced risk of cesarean delivery among women with obesity regardless of parity, age, or comorbidity status. Cesarean delivery findings from induction trials at 39 weeks among low-risk nulliparous women may generalize more broadly across the U.S. obstetric population, with potentially larger benefit among women with a prior vaginal delivery.

Key Points
Ion-acoustic dipolar vortex in degenerate magnetoplasma with ions/electrons thermal corrections
Authors: Irfan M. , Shah M. , Mirza Arshad M.
Published: July 2020

Nonlinear evolution and propagation characteristics of an ion-acoustic (IA) dipolar vortex are examined in a magnetoplasma that comprises partially degenerate electrons and dynamic ions. The adiabatic ions reduce the quantum magnetohydrodynamic equations to a modified momentum equation. The latter admits a new solution and leads to an evolution equation for the description of a coherent IA dipolar vortex. Numerical analysis reveals that variations in the relevant plasma parameters alter the evolution condition for a stable vortex. The electron exchange-correlation enhances excitation of the vortex as it extends the parametric regime associated with the stable vortex solution. On the contrary, the ion temperature lessens the nonlinear evolution of the vortex. Importantly, a degree of enhancement in the exchange-correlation potential leads to the wave dispersion and—in return—widens the vortex potential spatially. The novel nature of the derived results stresses upon the comprehension of the ordered structures in the compact stars, the magnetic mirrors, the ionosphere, the pinch devices, etc., where thermal corrections significantly impact the waves dynamics.
Revisiting particle dynamics in HiPIMS discharges. II. Plasma pulse effects
Authors: Hnilica Jaroslav , Klein Peter , Vašina Petr , Snyders Rony , Britun Nikolay
Published: July 2020

A detailed experimental study of high power impulse magnetron sputtering discharges is performed using time-resolved ground state density mapping of the sputtered neutrals and ions. This Paper deals with the effects related to the plasma-on phase and can be considered as an extension of Paper I being published simultaneously. The influence of plasma pulse duration, pulse energy, gas pressure as well as molecular oxygen admixture on the spatial and temporal particle density evolution is examined. Special attention is given to the temporal evolution of the ionization fraction distribution of the sputtered atoms. In addition, the 2D vector maps reflecting particle propagation, sputtering, and ionization in the discharge volume are also presented and discussed, similarly to the first part of this study [J. Appl. Phys. 128, 043303 (2020)].
Atomic layer deposition of SiO2–GeO2 multilayers
Authors: Antoja-Lleonart Jordi , Zhou Silang , de Hond Kit , Huang Sizhao , Koster Gertjan , Rijnders Guus , Noheda Beatriz
Published: July 2020

Despite its potential for CMOS applications, atomic layer deposition (ALD) of GeO2 thin films, by itself or in combination with SiO2, has not been widely investigated yet. Here, we report the ALD growth of SiO2/GeO2 multilayers on si1icon substrates using a so far unexplored Ge precursor. The characterization of multilayers with various periodicities reveals layer-by-layer growth with electron density contrast and the absence of chemical intermixing, down to a periodicity of two atomic layers.
Flowing droplet interface bilayers: A microfluidic tool to control droplet trajectories and to study mechanical properties of unsupported lipid bilayers
Authors: Walter Cornelia , Seemann Ralf , Fleury Jean-Baptiste
Published: July 2020

We introduce the concept of Flowing Droplet Interface Bilayers (FDIBs) that are made of two droplets maintained in contact due to the presence of an adhesive lipidic surfactant. This system is similar to a flowing dumbbell made of two droplets interconnected by a lipid bilayer and driven by an external flow. Interestingly, such a dumbbell does not show a straight flow trajectory, but it oscillates between the sidewalls while moving along the microchannel. The origin of this unusual motion is hydrodynamic interactions, as demonstrated by analytical calculations and micro particle image velocimentry (µPiV) measurements. The hydrodynamic motion appears to be highly sensitive to the mechanical properties of the lipid bilayer connecting the two droplets (FDIB). Thus, droplet trajectories can be controlled by tuning the lipid bilayer composition, which enables in turn investigating mechanical properties of free-standing lipid bilayers.
Magnon and spin transition contribution in heat capacity of ferromagnetic Cr-doped MnTe: Experimental evidence for a paramagnetic spin-caloritronic effect
Authors: Polash Md Mobarak Hossain , Rasoulianboroujeni Morteza , Vashaee Daryoosh
Published: July 2020

We present experimental evidence for the simultaneous existence of the magnons and spin-state transition contributions to the heat capacity in ferromagnetic (FM) Cr-doped MnTe (Tc ∼ 280 K), where the magnon heat capacity is attributed to the observed magnon-bipolar carrier-drag thermopower. The pristine antiferromagnetic (AFM) MnTe shows only a magnon-induced peak in the heat capacity near the Néel temperature, TN ∼ 307 K. However, Cr-doped MnTe shows a magnon-contributed heat capacity peak at ∼293 K with an additional peak in the deep paramagnetic domain near 780 K. Temperature-dependent magnetic susceptibility reveals that Cr-doping initially creates low-spin (LS) state Mn2+ ions into MnTe near and below TN due to a higher crystal field induced by Cr ions. Above 400 K, LS Mn2+ ions start converting into high-spin (HS) Mn2+ ions. The LS-to-HS transition of Mn2+ leads to an excess entropy and hence excess heat capacity contribution in the system. Temperature-dependent X-ray diffraction (XRD) and magnetic field-dependent susceptibility (M-H) confirmed no presence of any structural changes and magnetic polaron, respectively. Both XRD and M-H ensure that the peak of the heat capacity in the paramagnetic domain is originated solely by the spin-state transition. The heat capacity vs temperature was calculated to explain the contribution of each component, including the ones due to the phonons, magnons, spin-transition, Schottky anomaly, and lattice dilation. With the recent advances in spin-caloritronics extending the spin-based effects from magnetic to paramagnetic materials, the data from the heat capacity can play a crucial role to probe the presence of different phenomena, such as paramagnon-carrier-drag and spin-entropy thermopowers.
Non-linear Raman shift-stress behavior in top-down fabricated highly strained silicon nanowires
Authors: Spejo L. B. , Arrieta-Concha J. L. , Puydinger dos Santos M. V. , Barros A. D. , Bourdelle K. K. , Diniz J. A. , Minamisawa R. A.
Published: July 2020

Strain engineering is a key technology to continue Moore's law with silicon or any other foreseen semiconductor in very large scale integration. The characterization of strain in nanostructures is important to determine the potential of these technologies, and it is typically performed using micro-Raman when investigating strained silicon. Here, we report on the Raman shift-stress behavior from the (001) silicon surface of highly strained ultra-thin (15 nm-thick) suspended nanowires with stresses in the range of 0–6.3 GPa along the [110] direction. We employ a strain technology that offers a precise control of stress values at large sampling while reducing variability. The stress level of the nanostructures has been accurately evaluated by the finite element method simulations and further correlated to the Raman spectra. For stresses below 4.5 GPa, the aforementioned behavior was linear and the extracted stress shift coefficient was in agreement with those reported in the literature. For stresses greater than 4.5 GPa, we show that the Raman shift-stress behavior resembles a quadratic function.
Understanding photovoltaic energy losses under indoor lighting conditions
Authors: Hamadani Behrang H.
Published: July 2020

The external luminescence quantum yield as a function of solar cell current density when exposed to low indoor light was estimated based on absolute electroluminescence measurements and a self-consistent use of the electro-optical reciprocity relationship. By determining the luminescence yield at current densities corresponding to the cell operation at the maximum power point, we can compute energy losses corresponding to radiative and nonradiative recombination. Combined with other major energy losses, we can obtain a clear picture of the fundamental balance of energy within the cell when exposed to room light with a typical total illuminance of 1000 lx or less.
Can fenbendazole-medicated molasses blocks control Toxocara vitulorum in smallholder cattle and buffalo calves in developing countries? Studies from upland Lao PDR
Authors: Olmo L. , Nampanya S. , Nemanic T. S. , Selwood N. , Khounsy S. , Young J. R. , Thomson P. C. , Bush R. D. , Windsor P. A.
Published: July 2020

Context
Anthelmintic treatments are not widely adopted by smallholder farmers in Laos (Lao People’s Democratic Republic) to treat bovid Toxocara vitulorum, resulting in high calf morbidity and mortality.

Aims
Field trials were conducted to provide baseline efficacy data on an alternative, easy-to-use treatment by provision of fenbendazole-medicated molasses blocks (FMB) in situ.

Methods
Participating villages were randomly allocated to the following treatments: (1) conventional orally administered pyrantel, (2) access to FMB, (3) access to non-medicated molasses blocks (MB), and (4) no blocks (control). Faecal eggs per gram (EPG) and weight were monitored in cattle (n = 171) and buffalo calves (n = 44) under field conditions for 48–56 days.

Key results
In 2016, the MB treatment was associated with the fastest reduction in predicted average EPG at 2% per day, while FMB and pyrantel had an equivalent reduction of 1% per day, relative to the control (P = 0.062). Predicted average weight also differed significantly among treatments, with pyrantel and MB having the greatest average daily gain at 230 g and FMB at 200 g, which was higher than for control calves at 170 g (P = 0.002). In buffalo calves, treatment was not significantly associated with EPG or weight. The 2018 trial corroborated that FMB and MB treatments were associated with increased EPG reductions in cattle at 3% per day, relative to control calves (P = 0.007). Again, the MB treatment had the greatest predicted average daily gain at 200 g, compared with FMB calves at 160 g and control calves at 150 g (P = 0.005).

Conclusions
The field trials provided baseline evidence that FMB and MB have potential applications in reducing environmental contamination of T. vitulorum eggs and may improve calf growth in low-input systems. However, further testing ex situ is required to control for variability in calf weight and T. vitulorum burdens, so as to optimise anthelmintic doses, assess the addition of urea to the block formula and assess product marketability.

Implications
If successful, medicated nutrient blocks may be a simple method to reduce calf mortality and morbidity, enhancing the reproductive efficiency of large ruminant production in smallholder farms in developing countries.
Nonstandard conditionally specified models for nonignorable missing data
Authors: Franks Alexander M. , Airoldi Edoardo M. , Rubin Donald B.
Published: July 2020

Significance

We consider data-analysis settings where data are missing not at random. In these cases, the two basic modeling approaches are 1) pattern-mixture models, with separate distributions for missing data and observed data, and 2) selection models, with a distribution for the data preobservation and a missing-data mechanism that selects which data are observed. These two modeling approaches lead to distinct factorizations of the joint distribution of the observed-data and missing-data indicators. In this paper, we explore a third approach, apparently originally proposed by J. W. Tukey as a remark in a discussion between Rubin and Hartigan, and reported by Holland in a two-page note, which has been so far neglected.
DNA methylation enables transposable element-driven genome expansion
Authors: Zhou Wanding , Liang Gangning , Molloy Peter L. , Jones Peter A.
Published: July 2020

Significance

We examined recent whole-genome data of 53 organisms and found that the substantial differences in their genome sizes can be largely explained by the proportion of transposable elements (TEs) within them. TEs coexist with their host largely because CpG methylation suppresses their transcription. Genome expansion is therefore dependent to a large extent on the action of DNA methyltransferases, which evolved at roughly the same time as TEs. A long-term outcome of CpG methylation is an increase in C-to-T transition mutations both in the TEs and host DNA, which leads to a decreased proportion of CpG dinucleotides over evolutionary time. The survival of TEs in the host genome also provides extra DNA that may be repurposed for host regulatory functions.
A CRAF/glutathione-S-transferase P1 complex sustains autocrine growth of cancers with
KRAS
and
BRAF
mutations
Authors: Niitsu Yoshiro , Sato Yasushi , Takanashi Kunihiro , Hayashi Tsuyoshi , Kubo-Birukawa Naoko , Shimizu Fumiko , Fujitani Naoki , Shimoyama Rai , Kukitsu Takehiro , Kurata Wataru , Tashiro Yasuyuki , Listowsky Irving
Published: July 2020

Significance

A strategy to overcome therapeutic obstacles of m
KRAS
and m
BRAF
cancers is devised based on the finding, here, that the RAF/MEK/ERK cascade is by-passed by an autocrine signal loop established by interaction of CRAF with GSTP1. The interaction evokes stabilization of CRAF from proteosomal degradation and facilitation of RAF-dimer formation. Thus, blocking CRAF/GSTP1 interactions should generate additive antiproliferative effects.
ChiS is a noncanonical DNA-binding hybrid sensor kinase that directly regulates the chitin utilization program in
Vibrio cholerae
Authors: Klancher Catherine A. , Yamamoto Shouji , Dalia Triana N. , Dalia Ankur B.
Published: July 2020

Significance

From bacteria to humans, the ability to properly respond to environmental cues is critical for survival. The cholera pathogen
Vibrio cholerae
uses one protein, ChiS, to sense chitin in its environmental reservoir to regulate the expression of genes that are critical for the survival and evolution of this pathogen in this niche. Here, we study how the chitin sensor ChiS works, and discover that it regulates gene expression in an unexpected and unorthodox manner. Thus, this study uncovers how the major regulator ChiS works in this important human pathogen and highlights the versatile mechanisms that living systems use to respond to their environment.
HCMV-induced signaling through gB–EGFR engagement is required for viral trafficking and nuclear translocation in primary human monocytes
Authors: Fulkerson Heather L. , Chesnokova Liudmila S. , Kim Jung Heon , Mahmud Jamil , Frazier Laura E. , Chan Gary C. , Yurochko Andrew D.
Published: July 2020

Significance

Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) pathogenesis relies upon viral infection of monocytes, as this is the key cell type mediating the hematogenous dissemination of HCMV throughout the host. Here we report that HCMV glycoprotein B surprisingly remains bound to the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) throughout the duration of viral postentry events to induce chronic signaling through EGFR. This chronic EGFR signaling is required to facilitate viral localization to correct trafficking vesicles, as well as promoting nuclear translocation of viral DNA into the monocyte nucleus, both of which are necessary for infection of monocytes. Our data highlight how HCMV regulates the EGFR kinase externally and, uniquely, internally to promote separate and distinct events required for productive infection, spread, and persistence.
Krüppel-like factor 17 upregulates uterine corin expression and promotes spiral artery remodeling in pregnancy
Authors: Wang Can , Wang Zhiting , He Meiling , Zhou Tiantian , Niu Yayan , Sun Shengxuan , Li Hui , Zhang Ce , Zhang Shengnan , Liu Meng , Xu Ying , Dong Ningzheng , Wu Qingyu
Published: July 2020

Significance

In pregnancy, blood vessels in the uterus increase in size, providing more blood supply and nutrients to the growing fetus. Corin is an enzyme that boosts this process. In this study, we sought to understand how uterine corin production is controlled. In experiments with human uterine cells and pregnant mice, we identified a protein, called Krüppel-like factor 17 (KLF17), which turns on the corin gene in the pregnant uterus. In genetically modified mice, Klf17 deficiency prevents uterine corin production, decreases uterine vessel size, and causes high blood pressure in pregnancy. These results show that KLF17 is a gene-controlling protein important for uterus function in pregnancy.
The unusual structure of Ruminococcin C1 antimicrobial peptide confers clinical properties
Authors: Roblin Clarisse , Chiumento Steve , Bornet Olivier , Nouailler Matthieu , Müller Christina S. , Jeannot Katy , Basset Christian , Kieffer-Jaquinod Sylvie , Couté Yohann , Torelli Stéphane , Le Pape Laurent , Schünemann Volker , Olleik Hamza , De La Villeon Bruno , Sockeel Philippe , Di Pasquale Eric , Nicoletti Cendrine , Vidal Nicolas , Poljak Leonora , Iranzo Olga , Giardina Thierry , Fons Michel , Devillard Estelle , Polard Patrice , Maresca Marc , Perrier Josette , Atta Mohamed , Guerlesquin Françoise , Lafond Mickael , Duarte Victor
Published: July 2020

The emergence of superbugs developing resistance to antibiotics and the resurgence of microbial infections have led scientists to start an antimicrobial arms race. In this context, we have previously identified an active RiPP, the Ruminococcin C1, naturally produced by
Ruminococcus gnavus
E1, a symbiont of the healthy human intestinal microbiota. This RiPP, subclassified as a sactipeptide, requires the host digestive system to become active against pathogenic Clostridia and multidrug-resistant strains. Here, we report its unique compact structure on the basis of four intramolecular thioether bridges introduced post-translationally by a specific radical-SAM sactisynthase. This structure confers to the Ruminococcin C1 important clinical properties including stability to digestive conditions and physicochemical treatments, a higher affinity for bacteria than simulated intestinal epithelium, a valuable activity at therapeutic doses on a range of clinical pathogens, mediated by energy resources disruption, and finally safety for human gut tissues.
Multidecadal records of intrinsic water-use efficiency in the desert shrub
Encelia farinosa
reveal strong responses to climate change
Authors: Driscoll Avery W. , Bitter Nicholas Q. , Sandquist Darren R. , Ehleringer James R.
Published: July 2020

Significance

As the proportion of land area covered by arid land vegetation continues to expand and water limitations for plants increase, understanding if and how desert shrubs are responding to environmental change has become more urgent. Among two populations of Mojave Desert shrubs, we found that intrinsic water-use efficiency has increased substantially over the last three decades in response to increasing aridity and CO
2
concentration. While increases in intrinsic water-use efficiency have been widely assumed to mitigate negative effects of decreasing water availability, precise effects on plant productivity, reproduction, and survival remain unknown.
Molecular basis of the selective processing of short mRNA substrates by the DcpS mRNA decapping enzyme
Authors: Fuchs Anna-Lisa , Wurm Jan Philip , Neu Ancilla , Sprangers Remco
Published: July 2020

Significance

In eukoryotes, 3′ to 5′ mRNA degradation is a major pathway to reduce mRNA levels and, thus, an important means to regulate gene expression. Herein, messenger RNA (mRNA) is hydrolyzed from the 3′ end by the exosome complex, producing short capped RNA fragments, which are decapped by DcpS. Our data show that DcpS is only active on mRNA that have undergone prior processing by the exosome. This DcpS selection mechanism is conserved from yeast to humans and is caused by the inability of the enzyme to undergo structural changes that are required for the formation of a catalytically active state around long mRNA transcripts. Our work thus reveals the mechanistic basis that ensures an efficient interplay between DcpS and the exosome.
Essential and sex-specific effects of mGluR5 in ventromedial hypothalamus regulating estrogen signaling and glucose balance
Authors: Fagan Micaella P. , Ameroso Dominique , Meng Alice , Rock Anna , Maguire Jamie , Rios Maribel
Published: July 2020

Significance

Neural circuits in the ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH) play paramount roles mediating glycemic control and lipid metabolism. Work described in this manuscript reveals a sex-specific role of metabotropic glutamate receptor subtype 5 (mGluR5) mediating these effects. It shows that mGluR5 is required in female but not in male VMH to promote activity of SF1
+
neurons in this region and glucose and lipid balance control. Importantly, it demonstrates that mGluR5 modulates the effects of estrogen on activity of SF1
+
neurons and glycemic control, which switch from faciliatory and protective to deleterious in the absence of this glutamate receptor. The results inform an essential central mechanism regulating metabolic function in females and underlying the protective effects of estrogen against metabolic disease.
Progression from remodeling to hibernation of ribosomes in zinc-starved mycobacteria
Authors: Li Yunlong , Corro Jamie H. , Palmer Christopher D. , Ojha Anil K.
Published: July 2020

Significance

We previously reported that hibernation of 70S ribosomes in mycobacteria is induced as a response to zinc starvation. Because zinc limitation also induces ribosome remodeling, our findings raise questions about the conditions for ribosome remodeling and hibernation. Here, we show that the two processes are induced at different concentrations of zinc and that the caseinolytic protease system plays a crucial role in zinc-dependent inhibition of hibernation during remodeling. The findings offer insights into the molecular pathway underlying the transition from remodeling of ribosomes to hibernation in response to progressive zinc depletion in mycobacteria. This study is also a demonstration of reactivation of hibernating ribosomes by zinc. Finally, this study correlates ribosome hibernation with streptomycin tolerance inMycobacterium tuberculosisduring infection.
Bayesian approach to inverse scattering with topological priors
Authors: Carpio Ana , Iakunin Sergei , Stadler Georg
Published: July 2020

We propose a Bayesian inference framework to estimate uncertainties in inverse scattering problems. Given the observed data, the forward model and their uncertainties, we find the posterior distribution over a finite parameter field representing the objects. To construct the prior distribution we use a topological sensitivity analysis. We demonstrate the approach on the Bayesian solution of 2D inverse problems in light and acoustic holography with synthetic data. Statistical information on objects such as their center location, diameter size, orientation, as well as material properties, are extracted by sampling the posterior distribution. Assuming the number of objects known, comparison of the results obtained by Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) sampling and by sampling a Gaussian distribution found by linearization about the maximum a posteriori estimate show reasonable agreement. The latter procedure has low computational cost, which makes it an interesting tool for uncertainty studies in 3D. However, MCMC sampling provides a more complete picture of the posterior distribution and yields multi-modal posterior distributions for problems with larger measurement noise. When the number of objects is unknown, we devise a stochastic model selection framework.
Development and performance evaluation of a piezoceramic coated flapping wing
Authors: Nagarajan Bhuvana , Dutta Soma , Pratap Rudra
Published: July 2020

Flapping wing applications require actuators that are light in weight and can produce large displacements. A piezoceramic coated flapping wing without any other amplification mechanism is developed for micro and nano aerial vehicles. The dragonfly wing shaped structure with the piezoceramic coating produced a lift of 0.99 mN which was 1.3 times the mass of the wing. The results obtained from the experiments to mimic the kinematic motions of the wing using the coated piezoceramic actuator are also reported.
Tailoring superconducting states in superconductor-ferromagnet hybrids
Authors: Stellhorn A , Sarkar A , Kentzinger E , Barthel J , Bernardo A Di , Nandi S , Zakalek P , Schubert J , Brückel T
Published: July 2020

We present results of a comprehensive investigation of two phenomena arising in superconductor(S)/ferromagnet(F) heterostructures of Nb on FePd with a lateral magnetic domain pattern: domain-superconductivity and spin-triplet Cooper pair generation. Resistivity measurements in a magnetic field applied out-of-plane to a Nb/FePd (S/F) sample with high magnetocrystalline anisotropy give evidence of stray field generated domain-wall- and reverse-domain-superconductivity. A corresponding bilayer comprising low magnetocrystalline anisotropy exhibits spin-triplet Cooper pair generation and a notable high variation of the S critical temperature due to spin-triplet generation (ΔT
c) of 100 mK in an in-plane applied field. Using reference samples we can clearly distinguish stray field from proximity effects. The relevance of the characteristic S and F length scales related to the observed proximity effects is discussed.
Characterizing the Accuracy of ALMA Linear-polarization Mosaics
Authors: Hull Charles L. H. , Cortes Paulo C. , Gouellec Valentin J. M. Le , Girart Josep M. , Nagai Hiroshi , Nakanishi Kouichiro , Kameno Seiji , Fomalont Edward B. , Brogan Crystal L. , Moellenbrock George A. , Paladino Rosita , Villard Eric
Published: July 2020

We characterize the accuracy of linear-polarization mosaics made using the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA). First, we observed the bright, highly linearly polarized blazar 3C 279 at Bands 3, 5, 6, and 7 (3 mm, 1.6 mm, 1.3 mm, and 0.87 mm, respectively). At each band, we measured the blazar’s polarization on an 11 × 11 grid of evenly spaced offset pointings covering the full-width at half-maximum (FWHM) area of the primary beam. After applying calibration solutions derived from the on-axis pointing of 3C 279 to all of the on- and off-axis data, we find that the residual polarization errors across the primary beam are similar at all frequencies: the residual errors in linear polarization fraction P
frac and polarization position angle χ are ≲0.001 (≲0.1% of Stokes I) and ≲ 1° near the center of the primary beam; the errors increase to ∼0.003–0.005 (∼0.3%–0.5% of Stokes I) and ∼1°–5° near the FWHM as a result of the asymmetric beam patterns in the (linearly polarized) Q and U maps. We see the expected double-lobed “beam squint” pattern in the circular polarization (Stokes V) maps. Second, to test the polarization accuracy in a typical ALMA project, we performed observations of continuum linear polarization toward the Kleinmann–Low nebula in Orion (Orion-KL) using several mosaic patterns at Bands 3 and 6. We show that after mosaicking, the residual off-axis errors decrease as a result of overlapping multiple pointings. Finally, we compare the ALMA mosaics with an archival 1.3 mm Combined Array for Research in Millimeter-wave Astronomy polarization mosaic of Orion-KL and find good consistency in the polarization patterns.
Table-like shape magnetocaloric effect and large refrigerant capacity in dual-phase HoNi/HoNi2 composite*
Authors: Guo Dan , Zhang Yikun , Wang Yaming , Wang Jiang , Ren Zhongming
Published: July 2020

Nowadays, magnetic cooling (MC) technology by using the magnetocaloric effect (MCE) has attracted extensive research interest for its promising practical applications. A constant large/giant MCE covers wide refrigeration temperatures (denote as table-like shape) is beneficial for obtaining high efficiency performance for MC. In this paper, the HoNi/HoNi2 composite was successfully synthesized by arc-melting method and proved to be composed of HoNi and HoNi2 crystalline phases with weight ratios of 52.4 wt.% and 47.6 wt.%, respectively. The maximum magnetic entropy change (

−
Δ

S
M

max

) is 18.23 J/(kg⋅K), and the refrigerant capacity values RC
1, RC
2, and RC
3 are 867.9 J/kg, 676.4 J/kg, and 467.8 J/kg with ΔH = 0–70 kOe, respectively. The table-like shape MCE and large refrigerant capacity values make the composite attractive for cryogenic MC using the Ericsson cycle.
Hot-electron deposition and implosion mechanisms within electron shock ignition*
Authors: Shang Wan-Li , Che Xing-Sen , Sun Ao , Du Hua-Bing , Yang Guo-Hong , Wei Min-Xi , Hou Li-Fei , Yang Yi-Meng , Zhang Wen-Hai , Tu Shao-Yong , Wang Feng , He Hai-En , Yang Jia-Min , Jiang Shao-En , Zhang Bao-Han
Published: July 2020

A hot-electron driven scheme can be more effective than a laser-driven scheme within suitable hot-electron energy and target density. In our one-dimensional (1D) radiation hydrodynamic simulations, 20× pressure enhancement was achieved when the ignitor laser spike was replaced with a 60-keV hot-electron spike in a shock ignition target designed for the National Ignition Facility (NIF), which can lead to greater shell velocity. Higher hot-spot pressure at the deceleration phase was obtained owing to the greater shell velocity. More cold shell material is ablated into the hot spot, and it benefits the increases of the hot-spot pressure. Higher gain and a wider ignition window can be observed in the hot-electron-driven shock ignition.
Influence of low ambient pressure on the performance of a high-energy array surface arc plasma actuator
Authors: Tang Bing-Liang , Guo Shan-Guang , Liang Hua , Tang Meng-Xiao
Published: July 2020

In order to solve the problem of single arc plasma actuator’s failure to suppress the boundary layer separation, the effectiveness of the array surface arc plasma actuator to enhance the excitation intensity is verified by experiment. In this study, an electrical parameter measurement system and high-speed schlieren technology were adopted to delve into the electrical, flow field, and excitation characteristics of the high-energy array surface arc plasma actuator under low ambient pressure. The high-energy array surface arc discharge released considerable heat rapidly; as a result, two characteristic structures were generated, i.e., the precursor shock wave and thermal deposition area. The duration increased with the increase in environmental pressure. The lower the pressure, the wider the thermal deposition area’s influence range. The precursor shock wave exhibited a higher propagation speed at the initial phase of discharge; it tended to decay over time and finally remained at 340 m/s. The lower the environmental pressure, the higher the speed would be at the initial phase. High-energy array surface arc plasma actuator can be employed to achieve effective high-speed aircraft flow control.
Ferromagnetic transition of a spin–orbit coupled dipolar Fermi gas at finite temperature*
Authors: Feng Xue-Jing , Yin Lan
Published: July 2020

We study the ferromagnetic transition of a two-component homogeneous dipolar Fermi gas with 1D spin–orbit coupling (SOC) at finite temperature. The ferromagnetic transition temperature is obtained as functions of dipolar constant λ
d, spin–orbit coupling constant λ
SOC and contact interaction constant λ
s. It increases monotonically with these three parameters. In the ferromagnetic phase, the Fermi surfaces of different components can be deformed differently. The phase diagrams at finite temperature are obtained.
History of Decision-Making: Development and its Applications
Authors: Amrozi Yusuf , Usman Indrianawati , Ali Ramdhani Muhammad
Published: July 2020

The purpose of this paper is to outline the development of decision making management and implementation of decision making management in an organization. The approach used to explain development of decision making management through literature studies. Whereas application of decision-making management through field research. The case study used in this article was the model of new employees recruitment with the model of Analytic Hierarchy Process. In this model of decision-making, there are three designs to be implemented; First, modeling management. Second, database management. Third, interface management. Management of modeling is used to find the optimum solution to selected alternative decisions. Database management is used as a store of data, including data and information on the knowledge, problems, and solution decisions. The management interface is used as an inter-system communication management with decision-makers. The contributions of this paper is to elaborate the development of decision making management and to provide the optimum solution in selecting the new employees in an organization quickly and accurately.
Combination of Cryptography Algorithm Knapsack and Run Length Enconding (RLE) Compression in Treatment of Text File
Authors: Marto Hasugian Paska , Barita Nauli Simangunsong Pandi , Iqbal Panjaitan Muhammad , Wahyuni Dewi , Fadillah Rezky Syarifah
Published: July 2020

The Knapsack algorithm cryptographic method is asymmetric cryptography in which the encryption key is different from the decryption key. In addition to text file security issues, the issue of the size of a text file is also a consideration. Large text files can be compressed by doing the compression process. Run Length Encoding (RLE) algorithm is an algorithm that reduces the size of a text file, if the text has a lot of repetition of characters. The combination of Knapsack and RLE algorithms can guarantee Text files cannot be seen by unauthorized users and can guarantee text files can be stored in low capacity media files. In this study, the authors made a combination of knapsack and RLE algorithm in text files. In the Knapsack algorithm there will be an increase in the size of the text file, this can be seen in the example of a case where the size of the plaintext (the original message) is 9 bytes, then after the encryption process the text file size becomes 7 bytes. Because of that the use of a combination of encryption and data compression is better because the file becomes smaller than the combination of data compression and encryption. Plaintext that has a lot of repetition of characters will be well compressed.
The influence of Customer Advocacy to Purchase Intentions in Green Packaging
Authors: Rahadian Bram , Fadly Prayogo Rafi , Sodikin Alit , Saribanon Euis
Published: July 2020

The innovation in green packaging is growing rapidly amid the rise of going green behavior. Garbage is one of the most concrete problems in the world. We aim this research in calculating a potential in green packaging business as a supplier. We use 109 samples calculated by slovin’s method. We use SPSS simple regression and the conclusion is customer advocacy is strongly influencing purchase intention and the growth of other sectors that need packaging to distribute. It means is a potential business to bring environmentally friendly behaviors especially supporting food&beverages and logistics activities. The result is customer advocacy is strongly influencing purchase intention and the curve show X and Y are distributed normally. So the conclusion is Green Packaging is a potential business judging from the development and growth of the logistics business.
Impact And Sustainability Of Digital Transformation In Pelni Logistics
Authors: Iman Yusadi Farhan , Saputra Rahmat , Suprapto  , Saribanon Euis
Published: July 2020

The purpose of this study is to examine benefits of digital application in logistics process and sustainable impact on implementation of digitalization in Pelni Logistics compared to manual system. Digitalization is an important device to create a reliable and sustainable transportation system and supply of goods. At present many companies are performing digitalization. The transformation concept of digitalization focus on production/service process. This study used a qualitative descriptive method. Data collection techniques were conducted by interviewing 4 informants. The study shows that the concept of digitalization can increase production/service, operational process can be well integrated, real-time information can provide more efficiency that will contribute to company profits and can create more varied products/services.
Implementation Of Multi Factor Evaluation Process (MFEP) In Assessment Of Employee Performance Achievement
Authors: Limbong Tonni , Simarmata Janner , Rofendi Manalu Mamed , Rikki Alex , Rajagukguk Denni M
Published: July 2020

Human Resources is one of the competitive advantages and key elements that are important for success in competing to achieve goals. Therefore, which is an element of management in which there are manpower and other resources. Humans are always active and dominant in every activity and organizational activity. The purpose of a company is not possible without the active role of employees. Then the performance appraisal is a function of motivation and ability. To complete a task or work someone duly has a certain degree and level of ability. This study discusses how to make a selection in the case of selecting an employee who is performing and performing well. MFEP is a method to get the best solution from several alternative solutions by using ‘pairwise comparison’ as a basis for making choices. The Multi Factor Evaluation Process (MFEP) method is also described as a comparison. Based on performance appraisals, conclusions can be drawn which explain that employee performance appraisal in an organization is an important mechanism for a manager or leader.