bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Parathyroid carcinoma with sarcomatoid differentiation: A case report and literature review
Authors: Hu Liang , Xie Xiaojun
Published: November 2020

BackgroundParathyroid carcinoma (PC) is a rare thyroid tumor. PC with sarcomatoid differentiation(PCSD) is even rarer and its exact etiology remains unclear. We here report a case of PCSD, and present the clinicopathological features and pathological diagnosis and review the literature.Case presentationA 71-year-old man presented with a mass of 4.5 cm × 3.5 cm in the right neck. The tumor was composed of nest-like transparent cells, and the septum had heterotypic rhabdoid cells with sarcomatoid differentiation. Immunophenotype was as follows: MyoD1, myogenin and desmin were positive; clear cells were positive for CGA, Syn and GATA-3; and Ki-67 proliferation index was 40%. Hematoxylin and eosin staining and immunohistochemistry were performed. The patient was diagnosed with PCSD, and died 6 months after surgery.ConclusionsPCSD is a rare type of primary parathyroid tumor with high malignancy and poor prognosis. Definitive diagnosis should be based on histopathological morphology and immunophenotype, and surgical treatment should be performed as soon as possible.
Phylogenetic reconstruction of adult blood cancer reveals early origins and lifelong evolution.
Authors: Nangalia Jyoti , Williams Nicholas , Lee Joe , Moore Luiza , Baxter E , Hewinson James , Dawson Kevin , Menzies Andrew , Godfrey Anna , Green Anthony , Campbell Peter
Published: November 2020

Mutations in cancer-associated genes drive tumour outgrowth. However, the timing of driver mutations and dynamics of clonal expansion that lead to human cancers are largely unknown. We used 448,553 somatic mutations from whole-genome sequencing of 843 clonal haematopoietic colonies to reconstruct the phylogeny of haematopoiesis, from embryogenesis to clinical disease, in 10 patients with myeloproliferative neoplasms which are blood cancers more common in older age. JAK2V617F, the pathognomonic mutation in these cancers, was acquired in utero or childhood, with upper estimates of age of acquisition ranging between 4.1 months and 11.4 years across 5 patients. DNMT3A mutations, which are associated with age-related clonal haematopoiesis, were also acquired in utero or childhood, by 7.9 weeks of gestation to 7.8 years across 4 patients. Subsequent driver mutation acquisition was separated by decades. The mean latency between JAK2V617F acquisition and clinical presentation was 34 years (range 20-54 years). Rates of clonal expansion varied substantially (<10% to >200% expansion/year), were affected by additional driver mutations, and predicted latency to clinical presentation. Driver mutations and rates of expansion would have been detectable in blood one to four decades before clinical presentation. This study reveals how driver mutation acquisition very early in life with life-long growth trajectories drive adult blood cancer, providing opportunities for early detection and intervention, and a new paradigm for cancer development.
ANALYSIS OF THE IMPACT OF SPECIAL CONSTRUCTIONS OF GAP SEALS ON THE DYNAMICS OF CENTRIFUGAL MACHINES
Authors: Shevchenko Serhii
Published: November 2020

The object of research: the influence of the design features of special gap seals on the dynamic characteristics of centrifugal machines. Investigated problem: harmonization of the consumption and dynamic characteristics of the seals of the rotors of high-speed machines by applying special design methods. Main scientific results: The mechanism and operating conditions of seals with floating rings are described. It is determined that the most effective from the point of view of dynamic characteristics is the variant of the semi-movable ring. Expressions for determining the conditions of angular and radial immobility of a floating ring are obtained. The design options for deformable gap seals, including deformable floating rings, deformable interwheel seals and seals with an axially movable deformable sleeve, have been investigated. The scope of their application for unique machines with high requirements for tightness and vibration reliability has been determined. Variants of the design of labyrinth seals have been investigated. The analysis shows that the dynamic properties of labyrinth seals significantly depend on the relative position of the ridges. Overlapping ridged seals have the worst dynamic performance of the labyrinth seal designs. The honeycomb seal has more favorable dynamic properties, and the well seal has the best combination of consumption and dynamic characteristics. The dynamic characteristics are especially important for the seals of high-speed rotors of centrifugal machines. The area of practical use of the research results: Enterprises that manufacture centrifugal machines: pumps and compressors. Innovative technological product: a methodology for the selection, design and calculation of special designs of gap seals with optimization of dynamic and flow characteristics. Scope of application of the innovative technological product: The obtained research results will be useful in the design and manufacture of centrifugal pumps and compressors for any parameters.
STUDY OF THE INFLUENCE OF COMPOUNDS OF THE ANO3 and ANO3 nH2O TYPES ON RHEOKINETIC AND COLLOID-CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF ALUMINOSILICATE ADHESIVES FOR WOOD
Authors: Guzii Sergii , Bazhelka Ihar , Lashchivskyi Vasyl
Published: November 2020

In the technology of gluing solid wood, various adhesives are used, which, in addition to ensuring the strength of the gluing, must also be characterized by a number of rheological and colloidal-chemical properties, namely: have acceptable viscosity, low contact angles, have good spreading and enveloping ability, penetrate deep into the wood , providing reliable cohesive-adhesive contact and much more. Today, adhesives based on PVA dispersions and urea formaldehydes are used, the properties of which have been sufficiently studied and tested in practice. An alternative to organic-based adhesives is mineral adhesives, in particular aluminosilicate adhesives, which are non-flammable and have high mechanical strength. Object of research: rheokinetic patterns and processes of formation of colloidal-chemical structures of aluminosilicate adhesives modified with compounds of the ANO3 and ANO3×nH2O type. Investigated problem: Considering that aluminosilicate adhesives are multiphase reactive suspensions, the viscosity of which changes over time and affects their viability, the issue of viscosity stabilization due to the introduction of electrolyte salts into their composition is relevant, and will also contribute to improving the wettability and spreading of the adhesive during applying them to substrates and gluing samples from various types of wood. Main scientific results: The effect of the concentrations of compounds of the ANO3 and ANO3×nH2O type on the rheokinetic and chemical-colloidal properties of the aluminosilicate adhesive has been established, which will make it possible to use aluminosilicate adhesives in practice for gluing wood of various species, as well as to work out possible technological methods of their application, taking into account the obtained data on the viscosity, wetting and spreadability of the modified adhesive on the surface of the wood substrate. Area of practical use of the research results: woodworking enterprises for the production of glued solid wood products. Innovative technological product: aluminosilicate adhesives modified with ANO3 and ANO3×nH2O nitrate additives for gluing wood of various species. Scope of application of an innovative technological product: the application of these approaches will make it possible to obtain glued materials from wood from different species with improved technological and physical and mechanical properties of the glue seam and, accordingly, to increase the quality and reliability of products.
SPECIFICITY OF PROOF IN CASES OF INFRINGEMENT OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS ON SITES ON THE INTERNET
Authors: Mudrytska Kateryna
Published: November 2020

In recent years, the rapid development of both technical progress and activities on the Internet, including the economic one, could not but affect the improvement of existing and the emergence of new mechanisms for violating the rights of intellectual property subjects, gives rise to various disputes between participants in the relevant relations, and such disputes is no exception, since each category of court cases has its own peculiarities of consideration. However, analyzing the judicial practice, a number of procedural problems related to evidence and proving in the field of intellectual property rights protection on Internet sites were identified. – Object of Research: What is the key of proof? – Where? and Who? need to collect evidence? – What is meant by belonging and admissibility of evidence? – What are the ways of securing facts as means of proof on the Internet? Investigated problem: to give a legal assessment not only to the norms of national and international legislation, but also to the practical experience of using the institution of proof in the protection of intellectual property rights raised on sites on the Internet. The main scientific results: the procedural nuances of proving the violation of intellectual property rights on sites on the Internet are highlighted, problematic points are identified, and the proposed optimal ways to overcome them, both in pre-trial and in court. The area of practical use of the research results: fixation, preservation of the evidence itself, their assessment, both in pre-trial and in court. Innovative technological product: an algorithm (technical and legal) securing factual data from the Internet site for submitting them to court. Scope of application of the innovative technological product: the application of the algorithm for securing factual data from the Internet site when protecting intellectual property rights should be carried out in accordance with the rules of the current Economic Procedure Code of Ukraine, namely Chapter 5 "Evidence" of Section 1.
Syllable Structure and Nasalization Change in Makassar Language
Authors: Khasanah Nurul , Subiyanto Agus
Published: November 2020

The research discussed two points of phonological process related to changes in the syllable structure and nasalization in Makassar language. The data were analyzed by distributional and identity methods using a direct sorting technique. The affixes that form the verb of Makassar language were sorted by the type of prefix. Researchers also used the direct sorting form of phonetic articulation. The steps of analyzing data used Sudaryanto’s theory. The affixes that discussed in the research were /ak-/ and /an-/. The phonological process was described by using the theory of generative phonology of Schane. The result shows the types of sound and syllabic changing. They are; (a) sound changing of [ak-] becomes [ʔ] named glottalization; (b) sounds changing of [ak-] becomes nasalization; (c) gemination of [ak-] and [an-]; (d) sound changing of / an-/ becomes [aŋ-]; (e) sound release and insertion of prefix /an-/; (f) sound change and nasalization. The distinctive feature is used to explain the rules of the phonological process.
Effectiveness of managing patients with subdural hematoma with a volume of 60-100 cm3 of various localization
Authors: Balandina Irina A. , Balandin Anatoliy A. , Pankratov Mikhail K.
Published: November 2020

The aim of the study was to determine the relationship between the effectiveness of treatment of patients with traumatic brain injury complicated by subdural hematoma and the localization of the hematoma. Materials and methods. The medical documentation of 52 patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI) complicated by acute subdural hematoma with a volume of 60-100 cm3 was retrospectively analyzed. Patients were divided into 3 groups depending on the location of the hematoma: group I consisted of 21 patients (40%) with hematoma localization in the frontotemporal region, group II - 18 patients (35%) with hematoma localization in the parietal - temporal region, group III - 13 patients (25%) with hematoma localization in the frontotemporal - occipital region. When patients are discharged from the hospital, their condition indicators are calculated according to the Rankin scale. Results. More often subdural hematomas were localized in the frontotemporal and parietal-temporal regions, less often in the frontotemporal-occipital region. The severity of the victims' condition, estimated at less than 10 points according to the Glasgow scale, prevailed in patients with TBI complicated by subdural hematoma localized in the frontal-parietal-occipital region. The volume of hematoma localized in the frontal-parietal-occipital region prevailed in comparison with the frontal-temporal and parietal-temporal regions (p<0.01). After completing treatment in a specialized department, the degree of independence and disability, less than 2 points according to the Rankin scale, was established in 31 (60%) of the 52 victims; of these, in 18 (35%) patients, the hematoma was localized in the frontotemporal region. Conclusion. The results of surgical treatment of patients with TBI complicated by subdural hematoma with a volume of 60-100 cm3 are interrelated with its localization. The best indicators of treatment effectiveness were found in patients with subdural hematoma localized in the frontotemporal region. The least effective treatment was observed when the hematoma was localized in the frontal-parietal-occipital region.
Features of isolation of enalapril from biological material
Authors: Shormanov Vladimir K. , Beskhodarnaya Marina I. , Sipliviy Gennady V. , Siplivaya Lyubov E.
Published: November 2020

Objective. The aim is to study the isolation of enalapril from biological material. Materials and methods. ((Z)-but-2-enedioic acid;(2S)-1-[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-1-ethoxy-1-oxo-4-phenylbutan-2-yl] amino] propanoyl] pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid) was selected as the analyte (enalapril as maleate). Extraction in the infusion mode was used as an isolation method. Column chromatography of normal pressure, TLC, spectrophotometry and HPLC are considered as methods of purification and analysis. Results. The most comprehensive enalapril isolation in the form of maleate can be carried out from the biomatrix by methanol infusion in combination with acetone (6:4). According to the results obtained it is necessary to double (0.5 hours) the infusion of the proposed extracting mixture to isolate the analyte, and the amount of this mixture should be in relation to the amount of biomatrix as 10 to 5 or more. As an option for eliminating endogenous impurities, we recommend distribution chromatography of enalapril maleate (column (15×1 cm) of the Silasorb S-8 sorbent, dispersion 0.015 mm, isopropanol-water mobile phase (9:1)). Reliable confirmation of the analyte identity was provided by chromatographic (TLC, HPLC) and spectral (UV spectrophotometry) methods. Data on the amount of enalapril maleate in the biomatrix were obtained by the spectrophotometric method (medium - ethanol, the registration point of the signal intensity is 219 nm). Conclusion. Quite small (up to 1.5%) fluctuations in the degree of extraction of enalapril maleate were revealed at a level of its presence in the biomatrix of 0.02-0.4%. Isolation of analyte by infusion with methanol in combination with acetone (6:4), a well-grounded optimal isolation mode and the recommended purification option make it possible to fix the recovery (83.64-85.12%) ± (3.30-4.46) enalapril from a model matrix (liver).
Formação continuada em educação ambiental através de cursos de formação online de educadores
Authors: Cardoso Camila da Silva , Bordin Juçara , Schäfer Patrícia Behling
Published: November 2020

Esta pesquisa teve como tema o Projeto Escolas Conectadas como parceiro na formação continuada em Educação Ambiental de educadores do Brasil e, como objetivo de pesquisa, buscou-se analisar como o Projeto Escolas Conectadas auxilia na formação continuada em Educação Ambiental de educadores do Brasil, com foco no curso Água: gotas de conscientização. Como referencial teórico, embasou-se em diferentes autores(as) de Educação Ambiental e formação de professores, como Albanus (2008) e Nóvoa (2001). Numa abordagem qualitativa, mas com expedientes de apoio quantitativos, desenvolveu-se uma pesquisa com a plataforma digital do Projeto Escolas Conectadas – Fundação Telefônica Vivo, com foco no curso Água: gotas de conscientização – edição 2018. Utilizou-se a técnica de observação participante com 409 cursistas inscritos, através da mediação do curso e de análise documental. Constatou-se que o Projeto Escolas Conectadas auxilia na formação continuada em Educação Ambiental de educadores do Brasil, possibilitando sua capacitação. Conclui-se que a edição investigada viabilizou aprendizagens por meio das trocas de experiências com pares residentes em diferentes estados brasileiros (favorecendo a compreensão das singularidades do meio ambiente considerada cada região, bem como acerca da importância da água), promoveu inspirações para a prática na sala de aula (fomentando não só aos educadores participantes do curso, como também aos seus alunos, o respeito, o zelo e o apreço pela natureza) e suscitou visão crítica sobre as questões analisadas no decorrer da formação.
Consumo e pós-consumo de equipamentos digitais por escolares na Região Celeiro
Authors: Arndt Ricardo , Guerra Divanilde , Vasquez Hengles Aaron Concha , Bisognin Ramiro Pereira , Silva Danni Maisa da , Bohrer Robson Evaldo Gehlen
Published: November 2020

A problemática da geração de resíduos eletroeletrônicos (REE) pela população está cada vez mais presente. As tecnologias tornam-se obsoletas em questão de tempo e viram lixo, poluindo o ambiente e causando danos à saúde. Desta forma é de caráter irrefutável que a comunidade escolar tenha conhecimento sobre a problemática da geração de REE e as soluções acerca deste tema. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar o consumo e pós-consumo de equipamentos digitais por escolares do nono ano em um Município da Região Celeiro do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul. A metodologia utilizada consistiu na aplicação de um questionário em três escolas da rede municipal de ensino, sendo uma rural e duas urbanas. O questionário possuía 10 questões, de múltiplas escolhas, que foi aplicado, após a aprovação junto ao comitê de ética, para 60 estudantes no segundo semestre de 2016. Como resultados, foi possível observar que o grau de interesse dos estudantes por assuntos relacionados ao meio ambiente é razoável. A vida útil dos eletrônicos, como o celular, é curta sendo que mais de 50% dos entrevistados o utiliza somente por dois a cinco anos. E ao final da vida útil dos celulares mais de 50% prefere guardar, ao invés de realizar práticas de reciclagem. Observa-se ainda que mais de 60% dos estudantes desconhecem as políticas de logística reversa. Portanto, os resultados expressam claramente que os jovens têm consciência dos problemas ambientais, porém com pouco interesse.
Polyisoprenylated Cysteinyl Amide Inhibitors: A Novel Approach to Controlling Cancers with Hyperactive Growth Signaling
Authors: Lamango Nazarius S. , Nkembo Augustine T. , Ntantie Elizabeth , Tawfeeq Nada
Published: November 2020

Aberrant activation of monomeric G-protein signaling pathways drives some
of the most aggressive cancers. Suppressing these hyperactivities has been the focus of efforts
to obtain targeted therapies. Polyisoprenylated methylated protein methyl esterase
(PMPMEase) is overexpressed in various cancers. Its inhibition induces the death of cancer
cells that harbor the constitutively active K-Ras proteins. Furthermore, the viability
of cancer cells driven by factors upstream of K-Ras, such as overexpressed growth factors
and their receptors or the mutationally-activated receptors, is also susceptible to
PMPMEase inhibition. Polyisoprenylated cysteinyl amide inhibitors (PCAIs) were thus
designed to target cancers with hyperactive signaling pathways involving the G-proteins.
The PCAIs were, however, poor inhibitors of PMPMEase, with Ki values ranging from
3.7 to 20 μM. On the other hand, they inhibited cell viability, proliferation, colony formation,
induced apoptosis in cells with mutant K-Ras and inhibited cell migration and invasion
with EC50 values of 1 to 3 μM. HUVEC tube formation was inhibited at submicromolar
concentrations through their disruption of actin filament organization. At the molecular
level, the PCAIs at 2 to 5 μM depleted monomeric G-proteins such as K-Ras, RhoA,
Cdc42 and Rac1. The PCAIs also deplete vinculin and fascin that are involved in actin organization
and function while disrupting vinculin punctates in the process. These demonstrate
a polyisoprenylation-dependent mechanism that explains the observed PCAIs’ inhibition
of the proliferative, invasive and angiogenic processes that promote both tumor
growth and metastasis.
Recent Development of Novel HDAC6 Isoform-selective Inhibitors
Authors: Zhao Yunpeng , Liang Tao , Hou Xuben , Fang Hao
Published: November 2020

As an important post-transcription modification, histone deacetylation plays
significant roles in chromatin remodeling and gene expression. The aberrant modification
of histone deacetylation leads to various diseases. As a critical member of histone
deacetylase (HDAC), HDAC6 serves as a key modulator in many physiological processes.
Abnormal expression of HDAC6 gives rise to cancer, neurodegeneration and other
diseases. Here, we have reviewed recent advances in physiological, protein structure and
development of HDAC6 selective inhibitors.
Recent Advances in Paclitaxel-based Self-Delivery Nanomedicine for Cancer Therapy
Authors: Zhou Mengjiao , Han Shupeng , Aras Omer , An Feifei
Published: November 2020

Paclitaxel (PTX) is the first natural plant-derived chemotherapeutic drug approved
by the Food and Drug Administration. However, the clinical applications of PTX
are limited by some drawbacks, such as poor water solubility, rapid blood clearance, nonspecific
distribution, and adverse side effects. Nanocarriers have made important contributions
to drug delivery and cancer therapy in recent years. However, low drug loading
capacity, nanocarrier excipients-induced toxicity or immunogenicity, and complicated
synthesis technologies pose a challenge for the clinical application of nanocarriers. To address
these issues, the self-delivery nanomedicine (SDNs), in which pure drug molecules
directly self-assemble into nanomedicine, have been developed for drug delivery and enhancing
antitumor efficacy. In this review, we comprehensively summarize the recent advances
in PTX-based SDNs for cancer therapy. First, the self-assembly strategies to develop
pure PTX nanodrugs are discussed. Then, the emerging strategies of co-assembly
PTX and other therapeutic agents for effective combination therapy are presented, composing
of combination chemotherapy, chemo-photothermal therapy, chemo-photodynamic
therapy, chemo-immunotherapy, and chemo-gene therapy. Finally, the limitations and
future outlook of SDNs are discussed. The rational design of these unique nanoplatforms
may make a new direction to develop highly efficient drug delivery systems for cancer
therapy.
Harnessing Phage Display for the Discovery of Peptide-Based Drugs and Monoclonal Antibodies
Authors: Li Yuyang , Liu Min , Xie Songbo
Published: November 2020

Phage display is a powerful high-throughput screening technology that presents
a large and diverse selection of functional peptides, proteins, or antibody fragments
on phage capsid surfaces for affinity determination towards a target of interest. Due to its
advantages of a large screening capacity, mass production through fermentation, and
straightforward execution, phage display has been widely used in bioengineering and
biomedicine, especially for diagnostics and therapeutics. With the advent of next-generation
sequencing and microfluidics technologies, phage display has become an even more
powerful and popular tool for drug discovery and development. Here, we briefly review
phage display technology and its application to drug discovery, including the discovery
and development of peptide-based drugs and monoclonal antibodies. Combined with the
emerging proteolysis targeting chimeras (PROTAC), we also discuss the advantages and
future directions, aiming to facilitate drug discovery and development.
Green Synthesis, Spectroscopic Characterization and Biomedical Applications of Carbon Nanotubes
Authors: Wani Taha U. , Mohi-ud-din Roohi , Wani Taseen A. , Mir Reyaz H. , Itoo Asif M. , Sheikh Faheem A. , Khan Nisar A. , Pottoo Faheem H.
Published: November 2020

Carbon nanotubes are nano-sized cylindrical chicken wire-like structures made of carbon
atoms. Carbon nanotubes have applications in electronics, energy storage, electromagnetic devices,
environmental remediation and medicine as well. The biomedical applications of carbon nanotubes can
be owed to features like low toxicity, non-immunogenicity, high in vivo stability and rapid cell entry.
Carbon nanotubes have a great prospect in the treatment of diseases through diagnostic as well as therapeutic
approaches. These nanostructures are interesting carriers for delivery and translocation of therapeutic
molecules e.g. proteins, peptides, nucleic acids, drugs, etc. to various organs like the brain,
lungs, liver, and pancreas. Commonly used methods to synthesize carbon nanotubes are arc discharge,
chemical vapor deposition, pyrolysis, laser ablation etc. These methods have many disadvantages such
as operation at high temperature, use of chemical catalysts, prolonged synthesis time and inclusion of
toxic metallic particles in the final product requiring additional purification processes. In order to avoid
these setbacks, various green chemistry-based synthetic methods have been devised, e.g., those involving
interfacial polymerization, supercritical carbon dioxide drying, plant extract assisted synthesis, water-
assisted synthesis, etc. This review will provide a thorough outlook of the eco-friendly synthesis of
carbon nanotubes reported in the literature and their biomedical applications. Besides, the most commonly
used spectroscopic techniques used for the characterization of carbon nanotubes are also discussed.
Are Hsp90 Inhibitors Good Candidates Against Covid-19?
Authors: Ramos Carlos H. I. , Ayinde Kehinde S.
Published: November 2020

Drug reposition, or repurposing, has become a promising strategy in therapeutics due to
its advantages in several aspects of drug therapy. General drug development is expensive and can
take more than 10 years to go through the designing, development, and necessary approval steps.
However, established drugs have already overcome these steps and thus a potential candidate may
be already available decreasing the risks and costs involved. In case of viral diseases, virus invades
the cells of host organism and provoke biochemical changes in it that lead to tissue damage, alternations
in normal physiological functions and sometimes death. Inside the cell, the virus finds the
machinery necessary for its multiplication, as for instance the protein quality control system, which
involves chaperones and Hsps (heat shock proteins) that, in addition to physiological functions,
help in the stabilization of viral proteins. Recently, many inhibitors of Hsp90 have been developed
as therapeutic strategies against diseases such as the Hsp90 inhibitors used in anticancer therapy.
Several shreds of evidence indicate that these inhibitors can also be used as therapeutic strategies
against viruses. Therefore, since a drug treatment for COVID-19 is urgently needed, this review
aims to discuss the potential use of Hsp90 inhibitors in the treatment of this globally threatening
disease.
Nanomaterials for Deep Tumor Treatment
Authors: Kirsanova Daria Yu. , Gadzhimagomedova Zaira M. , Maksimov Aleksey Yu. , Soldatov Alexander V.
Published: November 2020

:

According to statistics, cancer is the second leading cause of death in the world. Thus, it is
important to solve this medical and social problem by developing new effective methods for cancer
treatment. An alternative to more well-known approaches, such as radiotherapy and chemotherapy, is
photodynamic therapy (PDT), which is limited to the shallow tissue penetration (< 1 cm) of visible
light. Since the PDT process can be initiated in deep tissues by X-ray irradiation (X-ray induced PDT,
or XPDT), it has a great potential to treat tumors in internal organs. The article discusses the principles
of therapies. The main focus is on various nanoparticles used with or without photosensitizers,
which allow the conversion of X-ray irradiation into UV-visible light. Much attention is given to the
synthesis of nanoparticles and analysis of their characteristics, such as size and spectral features. The
results of in vitro and in vivo experiments are also discussed.
Xenogeneic Decellularized Extracellular Matrix-based Biomaterials For Peripheral Nerve Repair and Regeneration
Authors: Li Ting , Javed Rabia , Ao Qiang
Published: November 2020

Peripheral nerve injury could lead to either impairment or a complete loss of function
for affected patients, and a variety of nerve repair materials have been developed for surgical approaches
to repair it. Although autologous or autologous tissue-derived biomaterials remain preferred
treatment for peripheral nerve injury, the lack of donor sources has led biomedical researchers
to explore more other biomaterials. As a reliable alternative, xenogeneic decellularized extracellular
matrix (dECM)-based biomaterials have been widely employed for surgical nerve repair. The
dECM derived from animal donors is an attractive and unlimited source for xenotransplantation.
Meanwhile, as an increasingly popular technique, decellularization could retain a variety of bioactive
components in native ECM, such as polysaccharides, proteins, and growth factors. The resulting
dECM-based biomaterials preserve a tissue's native microenvironment, promote Schwann cells
proliferation and differentiation, and provide cues for nerve regeneration. Although the potential of
dECM-based biomaterials as a therapeutic agent is rising, there are many limitations of this material
restricting its use. Herein, this review discusses the decellularization techniques that have been
applied to create dECM-based biomaterials, the main components of nerve ECM, and the recent
progress in the utilization of xenogeneic dECM-based biomaterials through applications as a hydrogel,
wrap, and guidance conduit in nerve tissue engineering. In the end, the existing bottlenecks of
xenogeneic dECM-based biomaterials and developing technologies that could be eliminated to be
helpful for utilization in the future have been elaborated.
Mimicking Extracellular Matrix via Engineered Nanostructured Biomaterials for Neural Repair
Authors: Raspa Andrea , Gelain Fabrizio
Published: November 2020

Extracellular matrix (ECM) consists of proteins, proteoglycans, and different soluble
molecules. ECM provides structural support to mammalian cells. ECM is responsible for important
cell functions, as well as assembling cells into various tissues and organs, regulating growth and
cell-cell interaction. Recent studies have shown the potential of nanostructured biomaterials to mimic
native ECM. Developing tailor-made biomaterials that mimic the complex nanoscale mesh of local
ECM is not a trivial endeavor: bio-inspired biomaterials are designed to supply a healthy ECMlike
structure, capable of filling the lesion cavity, favoring transplanted cell engraftment, providing
physical support to endogenous neurogenesis and also tuning the inflammatory response to protect
spared neurons. The strategies used to manufacture biomimetic hydrogel scaffold represent particularly
important prospects of novel therapies for CNS regeneration. During this review, we describe
with details the most promising regulatory pathways from ECM involved in the CNS injury and regeneration
and we draw a line to the biomimetic potential of engineered nanostructured biomaterials
aimed at mimicking extracellular matrix constructs and favoring the release of pro-regenerative
agents. Lastly, a brief overview of their application in clinical trials is provided.
Value of Sodium-Glucose Co-Transporter 2 Inhibitor Versus Traditional Medication in Microalbuminuric Diabetic Patients
Authors: Hussein Nahla , Abdelrahman Fatma , Khedr Abdelrahman , Aref Hayam , Halawa Mohamed Reda , ELSharkawy Magdy
Published: November 2020

Background::

Sodium glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitor (SGLT2i) is a new arment in
the prevention and treatment of diabetic kidney disease with a potential effect on reducing and preventing
Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) progression.

Objective::

To evaluate the effect of SGLT2 inhibitor in comparison to traditional medication in diabetic
patients with microalbuminuria.

Methods:

A total of 60 diabetic patients with microalbuminuria were divided into group I, where
30 patients were treated by traditional medications (RAAS blockers) and group II where 30 patients
were treated by Dapagliflozin added to the traditional medications. All patients were followed
up for 6 months and their Urine Albumin/Creatinine Ratio (UACR) and eGFR changes were
monitered.

Results::

UACR significantly declined after 6 months of treatment in group II with a p-value
<0.001. There were no significant eGFR changes between both groups. Systolic blood pressure decreases
in both groups, but the decrease was highly significant in group II (pvalue<0.001). Diastolic
blood pressure decreases significantly in both groups (p-value<0.001). Also, bodyweight reduced
significantly in group II with a p-value<0.001.

Conclusion::

Dapagliflozin, when added to traditional medications (RAAS Blockers), leads to a significant
reduction in microalbuminuria with no significant eGFR changes.
Education 4.0: Pergeseran pendidikan sebagai konsekuensi revolusi industri 4.0
Authors: Pratidhina Elisabeth
Published: November 2020

Industrial Revolution 4.0 is changing how we live, work, and communicate. The education field should develop to adapt to the revolutionary changes that happen in the world recently. Industrial revolution 4.0 makes shifted paradigm in education. Education 4.0 is the desired approach to learning that aligns itself with the emerging fourth industrial revolution. It brings up the well-known educational concepts such as self-directed learning and long-life learning. This paper discuss shifting educational theory in Education 4.0 and the phenomenon of the emerging new education technology which attempts to fill the need for self-directed learning dan long-life learning.
Evaluasi pembelajaran tata nilai budaya Yogyakarta di taman kanak-kanak se-kabupaten bantul Yogyakarta
Authors: Sudaryanti Sudaryanti , Pamungkas Joko , Harun Harun , Syamsudin Amir
Published: November 2020

Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mendeskripsikan proses pembelajaran dan mengelompokkan capaian perkembangan anak tentangtata nilai moral & social-emosional anak usia dini di Taman Kanak-kanak wilayah Kabupaten Bantul. Rancangan evaluasi terdiri dari deskripsi proses pembelajaran tata nilai kemasyarakatan dan tata nilai moral di Taman Kanak-kanak, penilaian capaian perkembangan anak, dan pengelompokkan capaian perkembangan tata nilai moral & social-emosional anak. Temuan penelitian adalah 53% guru TK sudah melakukan proses pembelajaran yang menyenangkan bagi anak, dan 43.2% capaian perkembangan anak sudah melampaui standar capaian perkembangan tata nilai moral & social-emosional anak. Kata Kunci: nilai moral, social-emosional, pembelajaran, anak usia dini.
Pengaruh kegiatan senam irama terhadap kecerdasan kinestetik pada anak kelompok b tk mustabaqul khoir Palembang
Authors: Hasibuan Nanda Renza Farah , Fauzi Taty , Novianti Rahmah
Published: November 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui adakah pengaruh kegiatan senam irama terhadap kecerdasan kinestetik pada anak kelompok B TK Mustabaqul Khoir palembang. Sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah anak kelompok B1 dengan jumlah 16 anak. Penelitian ini menggunakan jenis penelitian eksperimen desain Pre-Experimental Designs dengan jenis One-Shot Case Study. Dalam desain ini terdapat suatu kelompok diberi treatment, dan selanjutnya diobservasi hasilnya. Berdasarkan perhitungan yang didapat untuk data pretest  uji normalitas data yang diperoleh adalah 0,71 dan data posttest  diperoleh 0.97 sehingga dapat dikatakan dari kedua data tersebut terdistribusi normal. Kemudian hasil perhitungan uji normalitas data untuk   <  atau  1,34  < 2,11, maka varians-varians dinyatakan normal. Tahap berikutnya dilakukan pengujian hipotesis dari hasil perhitungan  uji-t diperoleh  = 131.40 jika dibandingkan dengan     16= 94,5 berarti tolak   dan diterima   maka, perbandingan data pretest dan data posttest dapat disimpulkan  bahwa ada pengaruh kegiatan senam irama terhadap kecerdasan kinestetik pada anak kelompok B di TK Mustabaqul Khoir Palembang.
A Mobile App to Support Clinical Diagnosis of Upper Respiratory Problems (eHealthResp): Co-Design Approach
Authors: Moura João , Almeida Ana Margarida Pisco , Roque Fátima , Figueiras Adolfo , Herdeiro Maria Teresa
Published: November 2020

Background

The misuse of antibiotics is a global public health issue that fosters bacterial resistance and jeopardizes generational health. The development of validated tools such as web-based courses and mobile apps to enhance clinical decisions in upper respiratory infections is of great importance in reducing the incorrect use of antibiotics in these situations.

Objective

The aim of this study was to design and prevalidate the interface of a mobile app to assist and provide clinical support in the diagnosis of upper respiratory problems. We aimed to assess the adequacy and usability of the interface of the tool in the belief that it could be beneficial to health care delivery in the clinical decision setting.

Methods

Using a co-design approach that brought together professionals in interface design and experts in pharmacology and pharmacoepidemiology, the mobile app interface was evaluated through peer review sessions held by interface design professionals on a heuristic survey. The reviewers accessed a high-fidelity interactive mock-up of the interface and filled in a questionnaire to assess the dimensions of layout and visual design and navigation and tasks. The resulting feedback of this evaluation supported the redesign of the primary interface, which was assessed for the second time by 2 of the previously mentioned reviewers.

Results

With 4 as the highest score, the interface scored a mean of 3.16 (SD 0.45; median of the means 3.2) for layout and visual design and a mean of 3.43 (SD 0.33; median of the means 3.51) for navigation and tasks, reflecting an overall positive evaluation. The open-ended commentaries allowed us to better understand specific recommendations of the reviewers. Throughout this section, approximately 0.98 comments per parameter were registered, reflecting a high level of effectiveness of the chosen parameters in identifying potential problems. The resultant beta version of the interface, addressing the majority of the detected problems, was further assessed by 2 of the previous reviewers, validating the new design. Future tests with physicians and pharmacists will help assess credibility and user experience dimensions.

Conclusions

Our study revealed that the designed interface is easy to interpret and use. Peer reviewers raised important issues that could be easily fixed and positively reassessed. As a result, the study enabled us to produce a new tool for interface usability assessment and a set of recommendations for developing mobile interfaces for clinical decision support systems in the scope of upper respiratory problems.
Perceptions of and Opinions on a Computerized Behavioral Activation Program for the Treatment of Depression in Young People: Thematic Analysis
Authors: Tindall Lucy , Toner Paul , Mikocka-Walus Antonina , Wright Barry
Published: November 2020

Background

Depression is one of the leading causes of illness and disability in young people, with approximately 20% having experienced a depressive episode by the age of 18 years. Behavioral activation (BA), a National Institute for Health and Care Excellence–recommended treatment for adults with depression, has shown preliminary support for its use with young people. BA may have the potential to be adapted and delivered in a computerized format to address the barriers often associated with young people accessing support. Despite the benefits of adopting computerized therapy delivery, the limited effectiveness of some programs has been attributed to a failure to tailor interventions to patients and practices. Therefore, while developing new treatments, it is important that target users be involved in the intervention design.

Objective

This qualitative study aims to explore the views and preferences of young people and health care professionals regarding the development of a new computerized BA therapy for young people with low mood or depression, to ensure that the therapy was suitable for the target user.

Methods

Semistructured focus groups and individual interviews were conducted with young people (those with experience in accessing support and those without) and health care professionals regarding the development of a new computerized BA therapy for young people with low mood or depression. The data were analyzed using thematic analysis.

Results

A total of 27 individuals, comprising both health care professionals and young people, participated in this study. Vital information pertaining to the important components of a new therapy, including its presentation, delivery, and content, was collected.

Conclusions

Variations in perspectives highlighted the need to adopt a systemic approach in therapy development by considering the opinions of young people with and without experience in accessing mental health support and health care professionals.
Osons être des littéraires
Authors: Pot Olivier
Published: November 2020

Car seule la littérature est en capacité d’entretenir au plus haut degré les ‘dissonances cognitives’ que l’incertitude ou des processus mentaux contradictoires sont censés produire en nous. Mieux que toute autre activité mentale elle nous apprend à différer le besoin de conclusion (need for closure) qui nous rend ‘intolérants à l’ambiguïté’, et surtout à bien gérer ce retard à la conclusion dans la mesure où – plutôt que de nous inviter à nous adonner à des reconfigurations subjectives (comme le veut la théorie de la Gestalt) qui sont somme toute une autre manière de se rassurer à peu de frais – elle ‘met en place au contraire des façons délibérées de règles de fonctionnement’ propres ‘à ralentir les conclusions indûment rapides et à étendre le cadre temporel pendant lequel l’ambiguïté est tolérée’.
À quoi bon l'enseignement de la littérature?
Authors: Marchal Bertrand
Published: November 2020

La littérature nous confronte en effet aux énoncés les plus complexes, parce qu’ils ne sont pas réductibles à un message simple, tant sur le monde extérieur que sur notre intériorité. Il y a plus à apprendre, comme on sait, chez Balzac sur la société de son temps que chez les sociologues contemporains, plus à apprendre aussi des profondeurs de la psyché humaine, à mon sens, chez Dostoïevski, Baudelaire ou Proust que dans tout le positivisme psychologico-psychanalytique freudien et post-freudien.
Une question de périmètre
Authors: Rabaté Dominique
Published: November 2020

Certains collègues disent qu’il faut désenclaver les études de littérature française. Je ne partage pas du tout ce slogan, précisément parce qu’il s’agit beaucoup plus simplement de rappeler qu’il n’y a pas d’enclave, que le ghetto est fabriqué de l’extérieur, ou que si nous y avons contribué, il faut au contraire rappeler l’identité mouvante d’un champ qui n’a de sens qu’à la croisée de frontières multiples. Frontières de la langue et du travail second de l’écriture, qui requiert que nous soyons encore et toujours des ‘professeurs de français’, attachés à une description linguistique des textes, à tous les phénomènes de la langue. Frontières historiques et mobiles d’une langue française qui n’est pas stable, dans son évolution, dans son rapport au latin, aux langues romanes, à l’étrangeté que c’est que de parler une langue même maternelle.
Littérature "appliquée": l'expérience contre l'expertise
Authors: Roger Thierry
Published: November 2020

Il ne faudrait pas confondre ‘cultural studies’ et ‘culture anthropologique’ justement. La littérature n’est pas seulement un ‘art du langage’ ; elle est surtout, comme l’a martelé Meschonnic, l’articulation de ‘formes de vie’ et de ‘formes de langage’. Redonner du sens aux études de lettres désaffectées, revient à rappeler que la littérature donne du sens à l’existence humaine. Réincarner les études littéraires revient à proposer une herméneutique de la vie, et non une herméneutique strictement ‘littéraro-littéraire’, intra-littéraire, intertextuelle, intra-linguistique, endogène ou endogame, c’est-à-dire rhétorique-poétique
Enseigner le goût de la littérature française - "Recruter" les jeunes sous son égide. Réflexions sur la place de la littérature française dans l'enseignement
Authors: Borsò Vittoria
Published: November 2020

L’enseignement de la littérature donne aux étudiants des compétences, entraînées par la lecture de textes littéraires, qui se trouvent en plein cœur des transformations sociétales et anthropologiques actuelles. À notre ‘époque de latence’, cette puissance est une base formidable pour configurer une interaction avec les autres disciplines
Ungaretti sulla 'strada di guerra': metamorfosi di un "topos"
Authors: Tardani Simona
Published: November 2020

Abstract
La teoría de los géneros como filosofía de la historia del discurso
Authors: Beltrán Almería Luis , Romo Feito Fernando
Published: November 2020

El concepto de "género literario" se ha ido empobreciendo con el tiempo porque se viene utilizando como un simple instrumento de clasificación de las obras. una aproximación distinta a la teoría de los géneros es posible comprendiendo la dinámica histórica del discurso, desde la oralidad de la tradición a la cultura escrita de las disciplinas históricas, esto es, como una filosofía de la historia del discurso. La exposición de tal filosofía de la historia, aun siendo muy sintética, nos lleva a concluir que la esencia del discurso literario es su dimensión estética, su forma interior o forma estética. Esa forma estética no es una abstracción sino la concreción de un género literario, un eslabón en la travesía del espíritu de la humanidad.
Inhibición y destabuización en la productividad cultural de acontecimientos históricos
Authors: Kunz Marco
Published: November 2020

Los grandes acontecimientos históricos sitúan al productor cultural (escritor, cineasta, artista, etc.) ante un dilema que se manifiesta en la tensión entre, por un lado, la inclinación a ceder ante la espectacularidad estética del suceso y usarlo como fuente de inspiración para el propio trabajo creativo y, por otro, los remordimientos de conciencia de quien se siente culpable al aprovechar como materia prima de su creación o como fuente de un placer contemplativo un suceso que causó inmen­so dolor y muerte masiva. A medida que crece la distancia entre el acontecimiento y el producto cultural, disminuye la fuerza inhibitoria del tabú y la ficción se emancipa de la historia factual. A modo de ejemplificar el proceso de destabuización, se comentan tres obras mexicanas inspiradas en la masacre de la Plaza de las Tres Culturas en Tlatelolco, 1968.
Líneas de subjetividad renacentista y sus ecos en la oda "Noche serena" de fray Luis de León
Authors: Mora Vicente Luis
Published: November 2020

El Renacimiento fue una época de profundos cambios históricos, sociales, económicos, religiosos, artísticos y poéticos. La concepción de la subjetividad cambia durante esa época, y fray Luis de León comienza su andadura poética en unas coordenadas donde esos cambios habían calado pero, al mismo tiempo, veían limitado su desarrollo por las circunstancias (religiosas y universitarias) en las que el poeta y teólogo comenzó su mester poético. Sin embargo, la oda «Noche serena» deja traslucir con claridad una evolución del concepto de subjetividad, gracias a la aparición de la otredad elocutoria.