bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Recent progress in the synthesis of homotropane alkaloids adaline, euphococcinine and N-methyleuphococcinine
Authors: Lima Dimas J P , Santana Antonio E G , Birkett Michael A , Porto Ricardo S
Published: January 2021

The 9-azabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane ring system is present in several insect- and plant-derived alkaloids. (−)-Adaline (1) and (+)-euphococcinine (2), found in secretions of Coccinelid beetles, and (+)-N-methyleuphococcinine (3), isolated from the Colorado blue spruce Picea pungens, are members of this alkaloid family. Their unique bicyclic system with a quaternary stereocenter, and the potent biological activity exerted by these homotropane alkaloids, make them attractive synthetic targets. This work aims briefly to review the chemical ecology of Adalia bipunctata and the recent methodologies to obtain adaline (1), euphococcinine (2), and N-methyleuphococcinine (3).
Ekstraksi Teks Pada Halaman Website Renungan Rohani Menggunakan HTML Agility Pack
Authors: Wijaya James
Published: January 2021

Dengan adanya perkembangan teknologi informasi, orang-orang dapat mengakses berbagai informasi dari berbagai halaman web dengan menggunakan internet. Web Santapan Rohani adalah salah satu contoh website yang dapat digunakan oleh orang-orang terlebih khusus umat Kristiani untuk membaca renungan harian atau untuk melakukan saat teduh. Penelitian ini bertujuan menciptakan suatu teknologi ekstraksi informasi dari web Santapan Rohani yang berisikan renungan harian sehingga dapat membantu untuk analisa bagi penelitian-penelitian berikutnya yang dapat dikembangkan dari kehadiran teknologi ini. Halaman web memiliki bentuk yang semi-structured dan berisikan informasi berupa teks, gambar, video, URL, dan sebagainya. Hal ini menjadi kendala untuk dapat melakukan ekstraksi informasi dari halaman web. HTML Agility Pack merupakan salah satu tools terbaik yang dapat digunakan untuk melakukan HTML Parser dari suatu halaman web. Dengan menggunakan HTML Agility Pack dapat mempermudah untuk melakukan ekstraksi informasi dari berbagai halaman web, terlebih khusus untuk melakukan ekstraksi informasi pada renungan harian dari Web Santapan Rohani.
Beden Eğitimi Ve Spor Yüksekokulu Öğrencilerinin Liderlik Yönelim Davranışların Araştırılması: İstanbul Gelişim Üniversitesi Örneği
Authors: BAYINDIR Melek
Published: January 2021

Bu araştırmanın amacı İstanbul Gelişim Üniversitesi Beden Eğitimi Ve Spor Yüksekokulu öğrencilerinin liderlik yönelim düzeylerinin incelenmesidir. İlişkisel tarama modelinde tasarlanan araştırmanın çalışma grubunu İstanbul Gelişim Üniversitesi Beden Eğitimi Ve Spor Yüksekokulunda öğrenim gören toplam 187 gönüllü öğrenci oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmada veri toplama araçları olarak liderlik yönelim ölçeği ve kişisel bilgi formu kullanılmıştır. Verilerin analizinde SPSS 24.0 paket programından yararlanılmıştır. Yapılan normallik analizleri sonucu verilerin normal dağıldığı görülmüş. Verilerin istatistik analizinde ise parametrik testlerden olan T testi ve Anova testleri kullanılmış. Post-hoc analizinde ise “Tukey HSD” tercih edilmiştir. Bulgular, öğrenim görülen bölüm ve yıl düzeyinde spor yapma deneyimi değişkenlerine göre öğrencilerin liderlik yönelimlerinin istatiksel açısından anlamlı düzeyde farklılaştığını göstermiştir. Cinsiyet ve aktif olarak spor yapma, lisanslı sporculuk ve sportif branş sınıflaması açısından liderlik yönelimlerinde anlamlı bir fark göstermemektedir. Sonuç olarak, bölümün ve tecrübenin liderlik yönelimlerinde öğrenciler üzerinde önemli olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır
Gençlik ve Spor İl Müdürlüğü Çalışanlarının Covid-19 Sürecinde Kaygı Durumlarının İncelenmesi
Authors: ULUÇ Ender Ali , DUMAN Savaş
Published: January 2021

Aralık 2019’da Çin’in Wuhan kentinde ortaya çıkan ve salgın hastalık türlerinden birisi olan Covid-19 bütün dünyayı etkisi almıştır. Dünya sağlık örgütü tarafında “pandemi” olarak ilan edilen bu süreç tüm dünyayı ve toplumların yapısını olumsuz yönde etkilemiştir. Covid-19 öksürük hapşırık gibi solunum yolu damlacıkları ile bir insandan diğerine kolaylıkla bulaşabilmekte ve bu durum toplum içerisinde yaşayan insanlar arasında kaygıya sebep olmaktadır. Aydın İli Gençlik ve Spor İl Müdürlüğü Çalışanlarının Covid-19 Sürecinde Kaygı Durumlarının İncelenmesi amacıyla yapılan bu araştırmada verilerin elde edilmesinde yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme formu kullanılmıştır. 25 katılımcıya ulaşılan bu araştırmada elde edilen verilerin çözümlenmesinde nitel araştırma yöntemlerinde olan içerik analizi yöntemi ve betimsel analiz yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Elde edilen verilere Yüzde-Frekans Analizi uygulanmıştır. Katılımcıların büyük bir çoğunluğu Covid-19’un çok tehlikeli bir virüs olduğunu ve sebepten dolayı kurum içerisinde çalışırken kaygı duyduklarını, pandemi sürecinin başında daha çok duyduklarını daha sonraki zamanlarda bu kaygının azaldığı, covid 19 sürecinden en çok sosyal yaşamlarının olumsuz yönde etkilendiği sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.
O maior cinema na história de Barbacena: panorama dos primeiros anos do Cine-Theatro Apollo (1923 a 1925)
Authors: Maciel da Silva Igor
Published: January 2021

O objetivo deste artigo é apresentar um panorama dos primeiros anos de funcionamento do Cine-Theatro Apollo, o cinema de rua de Barbacena, Minas Gerais, que esteve em atividade por maior número de anos, respectivamente de 1923 a 1998, a fim de entender como se deu o funcionamento, qual a equipe de trabalho, público, filmes e programações. O recorte temporal começa em 1923, ano de inauguração do recinto, e finda em 1925, período em que a casa foi arrendada pela primeira vez. Para isso recorreu-se especialmente a pesquisa documental com jornal, revista e entrevista. Como conclusão apresenta-se que a casa abrigou diferentes tipos de programações adulto, infantil, artística e beneficente; contemplou a presença de diferentes estratos sociais, incluindo pessoas brancas e negras; inovou na compra de filmes e, por fim, incluiu mulheres de modo público em sua equipe de trabalho.
Desafios do aprender a ensinar História: reflexões sobre o livro didático a partir do Projeto Pibid (Fahist)
Authors: Cavalcanti Erinaldo , Carvalho Izanne , Caetano Camila Maria
Published: January 2021

O artigo apresenta uma síntese das atividades desenvolvidas no Projeto Institucional de Bolsas de Iniciação à Docência (Pibid) da Faculdade de História da Universidade Federal do Sul e Sudeste do Pará (Unifesspa, Marabá-PA) para analisar o livro didático de História como objeto de pesquisa. Como procedimento metodológico, recorremos à literatura especializada e à análise de um dos livros usados na escola onde o projeto foi desenvolvido. As análises permitiram identificar que o livro em questão apresenta uma narrativa estruturada de forma linear e cronológica por meio de uma exposição descritiva dos acontecimentos, o que pode não contribuir para o entendimento da historicidade dos conteúdos narrados. Da mesma forma, identificou-se como a abordagem apresentada mantém uma perspectiva eurocêntrica, mesmo tratando de uma temática sobre povos africanos.
Bloco afro Ilê-Aiyê: uma história de luta antirracista
Authors: Araujo de Paula Juliana
Published: January 2021

O presente trabalho tem como objetivo apresentar reflexões sobre a história do Bloco Afro “Ilê Aiyê” e seus impactos sociais. Trata-se de um bloco de carnaval que foi fundado em 1974 na cidade de Salvador/Bahia que transborda suas realizações para além dessa festa e que tem forte papel social na luta pela igualdade racial. O processo de constituição do bloco, suas práticas educativas (Banda Erê, Escola Mãe Hilda e Projeto de Extensão Pedagógica), artísticas (Banda Aiyê) e a Noite da Beleza Negra revelam importantes aspectos de sua história. A revisão de literatura de teses e dissertações sobre esse contexto indicam que as características do bloco, suas práticas cotidianas de produção, divulgação, compartilhamento e fortalecimento da cultura afro-brasileira e, especialmente, de empoderamento da mulher negra, apresentam-se como tempos/espaços de ações de luta antirracista. A eleição da Deusa do Ébano na Noite da Beleza Negra é um importante exemplo dessa função social desempenhada pelo bloco. Além disso, geram impactos na comunidade em que o bloco está inserido e, de forma mais ampliada, nacionalmente uma vez que o Ilê Aiyê influenciou e influencia diversas ações antirracistas no país.
Azolla as Waste Decomposer and Bio-fertilizer: A Review
Authors: Ahmad Noman , Tariq Humna
Published: January 2021

In modern-day agriculture, we are well aware of the utilization of artificial fertilizers in the soil to supply major soil nutrients for plant growth and development. The most common used nutrients in agroecosystem are nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), and sulfur (S). These fertilizers cause an increase in crop production, but the excess use of these fertilizers has several health hazards for the plants and animals feeding on them. Presently the consumer's preference has been shifted from synthetic fertilizer-based food to organic food. This paper aims to review the results of the research work done in the past few decays on the environment detoxification and beneficial effects of Azolla (aquatic fern) on plants and soil health. Hopefully, it will help the collaborative research on this “green gold” in the future. Azolla fixes the free-living atmospheric N as they have symbiotic Cyanobacterium Anabaena Azolla. Azolla adds organic matter and provides natural mulch to the soil because of these benefits is known as bio-fertilizer. Azolla remediates industrial and sewage water by accumulating heavy metals in their body and plays an active role in the reclamation of salt-affected soil by accumulating heavy metals and salts and by increasing the soil organic matter.
Antimicrobial resistant Escherichia coli from karst waters, surfaces and bat guano in Slovenian caves
Authors: Mulec Janez , Kogovšek Blaž , Skok Sara , Tomazin Rok , Šturm Samo , Ambrožič Avguštin Jerneja
Published: January 2021

Escherichia coli, one of the primary intestinal commensal bacteria in humans and endothermic animals, is commonly considered an indicator of faecal pollution. E. coli strains were isolated from karst rivers under different hydrological conditions, from footpaths in tourist caves and from bat guano. Isolates were tested for phenotypic resistance to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin, nalidixic acid, tetracycline and trimethoprim. The highest percentage of antimicrobial resistant E. coli was found in karst waters, followed by those from surface swabs and from bat guano. Several isolates from rivers and swabs exhibited multidrug-resistant phenotype. Environmental conditions impact the populations of E. coli; a positive correlation between dissolved oxygen and E. coli counts, and a negative correlation between conductivity and E. coli concentrations have been observed for karst rivers. Malenščica (Slovenia), a drinking water resource with an extensive catchment area, contained a relative high percentage of antimicrobial-resistant E. coli strains. None of the isolates from bat guano was resistant to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, and tetracycline. Future monitoring of bats should consider a regular follow-up of indicative microbial disease indicators in fresh guano. Regular cleansing of tourist footpaths in caves and disinfection barriers at the cave entrances reduce the concentration and transmission of E. coli significantly. A future, more detailed, study on characterization of additional E. coli isolates is needed to reveal their pathogeneicity, mechanisms of antibiotic resistance, mobile genetic elements, and gene transfer frequencies to other members of the karst microbiome.
Fausses infinitives de but et mirativité
Authors: Girard-Gillet Geneviève
Published: January 2021

Le présent article analyse deux constructions anglaises complexes comprenant des infinitives qui sont peu étudiées, à notre connaissance, et qui présentent la particularité de poser la validation de leur contenu propositionnel. Il s’agit d’énoncés tels que a) « Bush must have been drunk to have invaded Iraq », qui dit explicitement que Bush a envahi l’Irak, et b) « he opened the door to find a dead cat on the doormat », où « he found a dead cat » est un fait avéré. Ces constructions avec infinitives semblent induire en erreur le récepteur du message qui s’attend avec l’opérateur TO à l’expression d’un but ou d’une intention, mais comprend, en fait, qu’il a affaire à une sorte d’enchaînement illogique, voire à un « contre-résultat », par rapport à ce qu’il avait imaginé, d’où l’hypothèse que ces constructions amènent une interprétation mirative (DeLancey : 1997). L’énonciateur souhaite nous faire part de situations étranges qui valent la peine d’être décrites. Après une présentation rapide des travaux en grammaire générative et en théories de l’énonciation sur le fonctionnement des infinitives, nous analyserons en contexte des énoncés qui nous permettront de saisir les paramètres à l’œuvre pour leur interprétation. Une approche via les Grammaires de Construction semble intéressante dans la mesure où d’autres constructions avec infinitives présentent la même particularité de poser l’existence d’une situation, et de ne pas être décomposables en phrase matrice/phrase dépendante, telles que « he was stupid to refuse the job » (Kertz : 2006), ou « that will teach you to buy a Japanese car ». Dans les énoncés de type a) l’énonciateur ne s’intéresse qu’au jugement négatif qu’il porte sur un individu donné, et souhaite convaincre son co-énonciateur. On est dans l’exagération, dans l’hyperbole. Pour les énoncés de type b) c’est la force du destin, ce sont des circonstances particulières qui semblent jouer de mauvais tours à un individu qui se trouve confronté à une situation qu’il n’avait pas anticipée. Pour les deux constructions, l’interprétation du lien cause-conséquence ou du lien intention-résultat est problématique, alors qu’elle ne l’est pas pour un énoncé tel que « he must have been intelligent to attain this lofty position » ou pour l’énoncé suivant « he opened the door to let John in. » La question qui se pose alors est la suivante : quelles sont les données sémantiques qui mènent à ces interprétations particulières ?
Three-Dimensional Characterization of Morphology and Crystallography of a Gold Nanoisland Film
Authors: Zhu Wan Guan , Wu Gui Lin , Huang Tian Lin , Schmidt Soeren , Zhang Ling , Feng Zong Qiang , Deng Jiang Ning , Huang Xiao Xu
Published: January 2021

The morphological and crystallographic characteristics of noble metal nanoisland films play an important role in determining their properties, performance, and reliability. In this work we have applied a rapid three-dimensional orientation mapping technique in the transmission electron microscope (3D-OMiTEM) in the characterization of a gold nanoisland film. A volume of 200×1024×1024 nm3 has been analyzed, generating a 3D orientation map composed of more than 500 nanoislands and 7000 grains constituting the islands. The 3D shapes and sizes of individual islands and grains have been analyzed, revealing their true 3D morphological features and the correlation between the number of grains within individual islands and the size of the islands. The crystallographic orientations of the grains and the misorientations across the grain boundaries have been quantified, revealing a weak texture but a preferential presence of Σ3 and Σ9 grain boundaries in the gold nanoisland film.
Martensitic Transformation of High-Entropy and Medium-Entropy Shape Memory Alloys
Authors: Matsuda Hiromichi , Shimojo Masayuki , Murakami Hideyuki , Yamabe-Mitarai Yoko
Published: January 2021

As new generation of high-temperature shape memory alloys, high-entropy alloys (HEAs) have been attracted for strong solid-solution hardened alloys due to their severe lattice distortion and sluggish diffusion. TiPd is the one potential high-temperature shape memory alloys because of its high martensitic transformation temperature above 500 °C. As constituent elements, Zr expected solid-solution hardening, Pt expected increase of transformation temperature, Au expected keeping transformation temperature, and Co expected not to form harmful phase. By changing the alloy composition slightly, two HEAs and two medium entropy alloys (MEAs) were prepared. Only two MEAs, Ti45Zr5Pd25Pt20Au5, and Ti45Zr5Pd25Pt20Co5 had the martensitic transformation. The perfect recovery was obtained in Ti45Zr5Pd25Pt20Co5 during the repeated thermal cyclic test, training, under 200 MPa. On the other hand, the small irrecoverable strain was remained in Ti45Zr5Pd25Pt20Au5 during the training under 150 MPa because of the small solid-solution hardening effect. It indicates that Ti45Zr5Pd25Pt20Co5 is the one possible HT-SMA working between 342 and 450 °C.
Dose adjustment of antidiabetic medications in chronic kidney disease
Authors: Snyder Matthew Salvatore , Fogel Joshua , Pyatigorskaya Svetlana , Rubinstein Sofia
Published: January 2021

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to identify whether Internal Medicine house-staff (IMHS) have awareness and knowledge about the correct dosage of antidiabetic medications for patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), as dosing errors result in adverse patient outcomes for those with diabetes mellitus (DM) and CKD. Methods: There were 353 IMHS surveyed to evaluate incorrect level of awareness of medication dose adjustment in patients with CKD (ILA) and incorrect level of knowledge of glomerular filtration rate level for medication adjustment (ILK-GFR) for Glipizide, Pioglitazone, and Sitagliptin. Results: Lack of awareness and knowledge was high, with the highest for Pioglitazone at 72.8%. For ILA, the percentages were: Pioglitazone: 72.8%, Glipizide: 43.9%, and Sitagliptin: 42.8%. For ILK-GFR, the percentages were: Pioglitazone: 72.8%, Glipizide: 68.3%, and Sitagliptin: 65.4%. Conclusions: IMHS have poor awareness and knowledge for antidiabetic medication dose adjustment in patients with DM and CKD. Both Electronic Medical Rerecord best practice advisory and physician–pharmacist collaborative drug therapy management can enhance safe drug prescribing in patients with CKD. In addition, IMHS’s practice for antidiabetic medication dose adjustment was better with Nephrology exposure. A formal didactic educational training during medical school and residency for antidiabetic medication dose adjustment in patients with DM and CKD is highly encouraged to prevent medication dosing errors and to more effectively and safely allow IMHS to manage complex treatment regimens.
Firibastat, the first-in-class brain aminopeptidase a inhibitor, in the management of hypertension: a review of clinical trials
Authors: Alomar Sara Abdulrahman , Alghabban Sarah Ali , Alharbi Hadeel Abdulaziz , Almoqati Mehad Fahad , Alduraibi Yazid , Abu-Zaid Ahmed
Published: January 2021

An unfortunate subset of hypertensive patients develops resistant hypertension in which optimal doses of three or more first-line antihypertensive drugs fail to sufficiently control blood pressure. Patients with resistant hypertension represent a high-risk and difficult-to-treat group, and such patients are at amplified jeopardies for substantial hypertension-related multi-organ failure, morbidity, and mortality. Thus, there is a pressing requirement to better improve blood pressure control through the pharmaceutical generation of novel classes of antihypertensive drugs that act on newer and alternative therapeutic targets. The hyperactivity of the brain renin-angiotensin system (RAS) has been shown to play a role in the pathogenesis of hypertension in various experimental and genetic hypertensive animal models. In the brain, angiotensin-II is metabolized to angiotensin-III by aminopeptidase A (APA), a membrane-bound zinc metalloprotease enzyme. A large body of evidence has previously established that angiotensin-III is one of the main effector peptides of the brain RAS. Angiotensin-III exerts central stimulatory regulation over blood pressure through several proposed mechanisms. Accumulating evidence from preclinical studies demonstrated that the centrally acting APA inhibitor prodrugs (firibastat and NI956) are very safe and effective at reducing blood pressure in various hypertensive animal models. The primary purpose of this study is to narratively review the published phase I–II literature on the safety and efficacy of APA inhibitors in the management of patients with hypertension. Moreover, a summary of ongoing clinical trials and future perspectives are presented.
USMLE step 1 pass/fail: the impact on international medical graduates
Authors: Al-Akchar Mohammad , Salih Mohsin , Fanari Zaher
Published: January 2021

On February 12th, 2020, and after a yearlong discussion, the National Board of Medical Examiners (NBME) announced that the reporting of the U.S. Medical Licensing Examination (USMLE) step one exam will transition to pass/fail reporting system and is expected to kick in as early as 2022. The decision was met with various responses, especially by the IMG community. In this paper, we discuss this change and its effect on IMG trainees and their selection process.
Sebaceous Carcinoma of the Vulva: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Alharthi Hind , Alnuaim Hala , Aljarbou Ohoud , Arabi Haitham
Published: January 2021

Sebaceous carcinoma is a rare malignant cutaneous neoplasm that is most commonly arises in the ocular region. Although it can occur in extraocular sites, sebaceous carcinoma is rarely encountered in the vulva. The use of immunohistochemical staining is very crucial to exclude other differential diagnoses including primary cutaneous and metastatic neoplasms. Unlike ocular sebaceous carcinoma, little is known about the clinical behavior and the prognostic factors in vulvar sebaceous carcinoma. Herein, we present a case of vulvar sebaceous carcinoma in a 27-year-old female, who presented with a labial tumor with lung metastases. To the best of our knowledge, only 11 similar cases were previously reported in the literature.
Modulation of microglia activation and Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Suresh Pavithra , Phasuk Sarayut , Liu Ingrid Y.
Published: January 2021

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease characterized by cognitive deficits. Two hallmarks of AD that cause chronic inflammation and lead to neuronal dysfunction and damage are tau tangles and amyloid plaques. Microglial cells, the primary immune cells of the central nervous system, maintain a homeostatic active/inactive state via a bidirectional, dynamic communication with neurons. Several studies have revealed that dysregulated microglial activation leads to AD pathology. Therefore, we reviewed the relationship between AD and two important signaling complexes, CX3 chemokine ligand 1 (CX3CL1)/CX3CR1 and ATP/P2X7R, that play critical roles in the regulation of microglial activation. CX3CL1/CX3CR1 is one important signaling which controls the microglia function. Altering this pathway can have opposite effects on amyloid and tau pathology in AD. Another important molecule is P2X7R which involves in the activation of microglia. Over activation of P2X7R is evident in AD pathogenesis. In this review, we discuss influence of the two signaling pathways at different stages of AD pathology as well as the drug candidates that can modulate CX3CL1/CX3CR1 and ATP/P2X7R.
The Regularity Conjecture for prime ideals in polynomial rings
Authors: McCullough Jason , Peeva Irena
Published: January 2021

This paper presents a survey on recent developments on regularity of prime ideals in polynomial rings.
Comparison of Symbiotic Bacterial Community of Soft Corals Sarcophyton and Sinularia of the Hainan Province, (South China Sea, China)
Authors: Lu Hao , Asem Alireza , Wang Lu , Li Weidong , Wang PeiZheng
Published: January 2021

Changes in the microbial community associated with environmental impacts can lead to opportunistic infections, coral disease and death. Diversity analysis and community comparison were performed on 23 collected soft Coral specimens from South China See surrounding Hainan Province (China) based on Illumina MiSeq sequencing. The results showed that Proteobacteria was the main symbiotic bacteria in soft corals. In the same geographical location, the diversity and abundance of symbiotic bacteria in the genus Sinularia are higher than genus Sarcophyton. Unlike Sinularia, the genus Sarcophyton is more inclined to Tenericutes. Furthermore, the same coral species has different bacterial community structure in different environments. The temperature difference between sampling points at 2 ℃ is the main factor affecting the results. A large number of Endozoicomonas found in stone corals have not become the dominant bacteria associated with soft corals. Coral-related pathogenic bacteria were not found in this investigation. This study provided a baseline for future studies of soft coral microbiomes, and assessment of functions of host metabolites and soft coral holobionts. Our result documented that same coral species in each locality represent identical pattern of bacterial diversity and community.
Effects of Sub-Lethal Atrazine Concentrations on Embryogenesis, Larval Survival and Growth of African Catfish, Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822)
Authors: Opute Prosper Ashibudike , Oboh Ijeoma Patience
Published: January 2021

The toxicity of environmentally relevant concentrations of atrazine on exposed fertilized eggs of Clarias gariepinus was evaluated in a 96hour static non-renewal bioassay. After exposure to atrazine concentrations of 0 (control), 4, 8, 12, and 16 μgL1 in water, first mitotic cleavage in the control occurred at 40 minutes after fertilization. The first cleavage did not occur in the 8 μgL-1 treatment group until 60 minutes after fertilization. Similar dose depended delayed cleavage was observed across atrazine exposed eggs. The first larvae emerged 22 hours from the time of fertilization at 27.00C in both control and atrazine treatment groups. However, hatching rates significantly differed between the control and atrazine exposed eggs (P<0.05) with 73.3% hatching rate in the control and 3.3% among the exposed eggs treated with 16μgL-1 of atrazine. Among the morphological deformities observed in the larvae of atrazine exposed eggs, kyphosis occurred more frequently with 60% of emerged larvae in the 16 μgL-1 atrazine treated group exhibiting the deformity. Morphometry showed significantly reduced head length, body length, body weight, and yolk diameter in 16 μgL-1 atrazine exposed eggs compared to the control. These results indicate that atrazine disrupted embryonic process and delayed hatching with severe larvae deformities.
Population Attributable Fraction of Anemia Associated with Plasmodium falciparum Infection in Children in Southern Malawi
Authors: Yimgang Doris P. , Buchwald Andrea G. , Coalson Jenna E. , Walldorf Jenny A. , Bauleni Andy , Kapito-Tembo Atupele , Mathanga Don P. , Taylor Terrie E. , Laufer Miriam K. , Cohee Lauren M.
Published: January 2021

Anemia is a leading cause of morbidity in sub-Saharan Africa. The etiologies of anemia are multifactorial, and it is unclear what proportion of anemia is attributable to malaria in children of different ages in Malawi. We evaluated the population attributable fraction (PAF) of anemia due to malaria using multiple cross-sectional surveys in southern Malawi. We found a high prevalence of anemia, with the greatest proportion attributable to malaria among school-age children (5–15 years) in the rainy season (PAF = 18.8% [95% CI: 16.3, 21.0], compared with PAF = 5.2% [95% CI: 4.0, 6.2] among young children pooled across season [< 5 years] and PAF = 9.7% [95% CI: 6.5, 12.4] among school-age children in the dry season). Malaria control interventions will likely lead to decreases in anemia, especially among school-age children.
Case Report: Coral Reef Pathogen Aspergillus sydowii Causing Black Grain Mycetoma
Authors: Vera-Cabrera Lucio , Cardenas-de la Garza Jesus Alberto , Cuellar-Barboza Adrian , Gallardo-Rocha Anabel , Molina-Torres Carmen Amelia , Escalante-Fuentes Wendy , Ocampo-Candiani Jorge
Published: January 2021

Mycetoma is an infrequent subcutaneous infection caused by true fungi (eumycetoma) or aerobic actinomycetes (actinomycetoma). We report the case of a 62-year-old man with eumycetoma involving the left foot and ankle. Skin biopsy revealed black-brown grains, and in culture, a white colony fungus grew at day 8. Molecular sequencing using ITS1-ITS4 primers identified the species as Aspergillus sydowii. The patient was treated with itraconazole 200 mg twice daily and terbinafine 250 mg daily for 8 months, with complete response and no recurrence after 2.5 years of follow-up. Aspergillus sydowii is a saprotrophic fungus that rarely causes skin or nail disease. No cases of eumycetoma caused by this agent have been previously reported. As its geographic distribution continues to expand, it may increasingly be recognized as a cause of human disease.
KOMPETENSI PROFESIONAL GURU DALAM PEMBELAJARAN SEJARAH DI SMA NEGERI 27 JAKARTA
Authors: Utami Veriesa Auliya , Ibrahim Nurzengky , Kurniawati Kurniawati
Published: January 2021

The purpose of this study was to obtain information about the learning process carried out by history teachers both from graduates of history education, as well as from history teachers who were not from historical education. The study took place from January to May 2018. The teacher who was the object of the study was a history teacher of SMAN 27 Jakarta, who had four people, consisting of three people who were graduates of history education, and one teacher who was not a graduate of education history. This research was conducted in class X at SMAN 27 JAKARTA. The method used in this research is a descriptive qualitative method. Use of this method to get the actual situation in the school and describe the results of the study. Data collection techniques used through observation, interviews, and documentation. Informants in this study were Principals, Teachers, and Students at SMAN 27 Jakarta. In this study, it can be concluded from the results of the study that the professional competence of teachers who are graduates of history is better than the professional competencies of teachers who are not historical education graduates.

Abstrak

Tujuan penelitian ini untuk memperoleh informasi tentang proses pembelajaran yang dilakukan oleh guru sejarah baik dari yang berasal lulusan dari pendidikan sejarah, maupun dari guru sejarah yang bukan berasal dari pendidikan sejarah. Penelitian ini berlangsung dari bulan Januari sampai dengan bulan Mei 2018. Guru yang menjadi objek penelitian adalah guru sejarah SMAN 27 Jakarta yang berjumalah empat orang, yang terdiri dari tiga orang yang merupakan lulusan dari pendidikan sejarah, dan satu orang guru yang merupakan bukan lulusan dari pedidikan sejarah. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada kelas X di SMAN 27 JAKARTA.  Adapun metode yang digunanakan dalam Penelitian ini yaitu metode kualitatif deskriptif. Penggunaan metode ini untuk mendapatkan keadaan yang sebenarnya disekolah dan dideskripsikan hasil penelitian. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan melalui obsevasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Informan dalam penelitian ini adalah Kepala Sekolah, Guru dan Siswa di SMAN 27 Jakarta. Pada penelitian ini didapat disimpulkan dari hasil penelitian bahwa kompetensi profesional guru yang merupakan lulusan sejarah lebih baik dari pada kompetensi profsional guru yang bukan lulusan pendidikan sejarah.
How Gradient Affects the Foraging Decisions of Leaf Cutting Ants at the Food Source
Authors:   , Butler Sam
Published: January 2021

The eusocial insects have long held the fascination of scientists for their co-operative behaviour, which can range from a small group of workers, to millions strong colonies, such as those found in the leaf cutting ant, Atta cephalotes. Though decades of research have allowed us some insight into their organisation and methods, there are many things that have gone unexplained. One of these is the mystery of why Atta consistently takes leaf loads back to the nest that are significantly smaller than would be optimal, when they should in theory optimise leaf transport rate. While compelling evidence has been presented to suggest that it is at least in part to do with how the leaves are processed inside the nest, here I present evidence to suggest that gradient is another key factor. This is a factor which has been explored only very cursorily up until now in leaf cutting ants, with experiments investigating it being extremely limited in scope, suffer from potential methodological errors or deal with grass cutting ants, which share many traits with leaf cutting ants, but have adapted to face different challenges. Upon a thorough examination of the effects of gradient, it was discovered that A. cephalotes favour a cautious, but more reliable method of transport. At almost every point, their behaviour shows the importance of maintaining grip on steep and vertical gradients to the point where it is prioritised over everything else, including speed and load size. While it may seem paradoxical to suggest that smaller loads, carried slower might result in a higher overall rate of leaf collection, a fast, but reckless approach might result in a high proportion of unsuccessful foraging trips, each of which costs energy and time. As a result, by increasing their success, rather than speed, they minimise wasted effort, loss of workers and potentially, have a higher rate of leaf collection over time. This aspect of leaf cutting ant behaviour shows that leaf cutting ants can change their priorities at the feeding site to best maximise transport success at an individual level, which demonstrates previously unappreciated plasticity and a new lens through which to view future investigations into ant foraging behaviour.
Educational Adventure of Students in the COVID-19 Period in Turkey: Determination of Parents' Views
Authors: Çakın Murat , Külekçi Akyavuz Ebru
Published: January 2021

This study aims to investigate the distance education process during the COVID-19 pandemic from the perspective of parents. It is also aimed to determine the problems regarding children’s education that arose in this period and the educational and social activities parents do with their children. The study is designed as qualitative research. Parents with children studying at a primary school were included in the study group. A total of 20 parents participated in the study. Semi-structured interview forms developed by the researchers were used for data collection. Within the scope of the data obtained in the research, the problems experienced by parents in this period were collected under the categories of “instructional problems, social problems, and technological problems,” and the activities they did with their children were collected under the categories of “health-related activities, educational activities, and social activities.”
A Novel Design of Electric Vehicle Battery Charger using Modified Bridgeless Landsman Converter
Authors: Katta Pradeep , Ovaiz A Mohammed , K Prabaakaran , M Priya , K Keerthana , J Preethi
Published: January 2021

This paper includes the design and implementation of a new electric vehicle charger, which is powered using a battery consisting of an enhanced power factor frontend. The traditional diode that is at the source end is omitted in the proposed design using the conventional power factor improvement inverter. The inverter has its parameters closer to the configuration of a basic push pull converter. The above-mentioned converter works with the phenomenon of electric vehicle battery control. Two modes of operation are incorporated out of which the former one is constant current mode and the latter is constant voltage mode. To obtain the desired regulation of DC voltage at the point of coupling and also to improve the operational efficiency to unity power factor, the proposed Landsman converter is operated using a single sensed individual. This method yields improved power quality, less harmonics in comparison with a conventional one. A prototype is constructed and tested by charging a 48V electric vehicle battery of 100Ah size under the transients in input voltage to display the proposed charger to an IEC61000-32 standard. All the cases are said to be satisfied by performance of the charger.
Automatic Toll Collection System and Detection of Theft Vehicle by using RFID
Authors: Ovaiz A Mohammed , Katta Pradeep , R Senthil Kumar , R Hariharan , T Thanigaivel , K Aravindatchan
Published: January 2021

The road transportation in India has growing day by day. The Indian road network carries about 65 percent of its Goods and about 85 percent of passengers. The national highways in India are now increased from 44,076 miles to 88,313 miles in 2018 to 2019. Along these road networks there are about 450 toll plazas totally in India. These toll plazas contribute some major part of Indiaâ€™s economy, it is estimated the toll revenue can swell up to 1 lakh crore rupees in next five years. In spite of this enormous growth the toll plazas have huge traffic during peak most of the time which incurs delay and loss human hours to surpass the toll. The proposed system focuses on an automatic toll collection system which will automatically debit the amount from vehicle ownerâ€™s bank. The automated registration and collection are based on using the RFID chip which is amalgamated in the vehicleâ€™s windshield. By this method, the information about registration ID of the vehicle can be obtained therefore stolen vehicle can also be detected by this system as the vehicle ID is linked to the userâ€™s account. Thus, this system provides fast and efficient surpassing of toll plazas without any delay.
LINGUAGEM E CONHECIMENTO: “JANELA” COMO METÁFORA DA CONDIÇÃO HUMANA
Authors: Johann Maria Regina , Fensterseifer Paulo Evaldo
Published: January 2021

Tomando a metáfora da “janela” como inspiração para pensar as possíveis miradas que a linguagem, em sua compreensão hermenêutica, propicia, o artigo reflete acerca da condição humana e suas possibilidades de conhecimento. Destaca a “janela da arte” como modo de acesso ao universo da sensibilidade e possibilidade de uma experiência radical de abertura a amplos e inusitados horizontes de sentidos ético-estéticos. Valendo-se de pesquisa bibliográfica permite concluir que “Janelas” nos permitem diferentes miradas, constituindo-se em modos de acesso ao mundo quando delas alçamos voos, nos permitindo novas miradas quando a elas regressamos.
El derecho a las prestaciones por desempleo de las personas inmigrantes
Authors: López Insua Belén del Mar
Published: January 2021

La protección por desempleo de trabajadores inmigrantes ha sido una de las cuestiones más discutidas a nivel doctrinal y jurisprudencial. A este respecto, el artículo 36.5 de la Ley Orgánica Española de Extranjería (tras la reforma operada por la LO 2/2009) dispone que el trabajador extranjero en situación de irregularidad podrá optar por no invalidar el contrato de trabajo, aunque quede -de manera ilógica- excluido de la posibilidad de obtener la prestación por desempleo. Esta realidad normativa plasma una cierta idea de justicia distributiva que contradice, claramente, lo dispuesto por la Organización Internacional del Trabajo para la protección multinivel de los derechos fundamentales y de atención social pública a las personas migrantes. Actualmente se reclama el establecimiento de un sistema de rentas básicas que afronte la continuidad de las rentas de trabajadores inmigrantes, en períodos transicionales, para así garantizar el derecho a una existencia digna de todas las personas en riesgo de exclusión social. Ahora bien, para que pueda operar esta medida se precisa superar primero los límites que a la nacionalidad se imponen por la Ley Orgánica de Extranjería en España, así como por la doctrina del Tribunal Supremo.
La precarización como realidad de mercado: la frontera entre el empleo doméstico y el trabajo de cuidados
Authors: Sanz Sáez Concepción
Published: January 2021

Debemos partir de la base en este estudio, de que las labores domésticas y de cuidado son trabajo. Se hace esta afirmación, porque como sabemos, desde las primeras manifestaciones de la prestación de este tipo de trabajo, se encuentra ligado al servilismo, y aunque desde hace años, se ha señalado la mala calidad de estos empleos, se sigue manteniendo un vínculo con la presente esclavitud, pero ahora, disfrazada con distintas normas legales.

En la actualidad, los modos tradicionales de atender las necesidades del de estas actividades están en crisis debido al desequilibrio entre la oferta y la demanda, como producto de un mayor número de personas que lo requieren (por el envejecimiento de la población y el aumento de la esperanza de vida de las personas, por ejemplo) y, al mismo tiempo, debido a la menor proporción de personas en condiciones de proveerlos, principalmente por la mayor incorporación de las mujeres al mercado de trabajo.
The Academic Motivation Scale (AMS): Factorial Structure, Validity and Reliability of The Romanian Version
Authors: Miulescu Amalia
Published: January 2021

This study presents the Romanian adaptation of The Academic Motivation Scale (AMS). The AMS scale was based on Self-Determination Theory (Ryan & Deci, 1985) which identifies, along a continuum, from not self – determined behavior to self – determined, 3 different types of motivation: amotivation, extrinsic motivation and intrinsic motivation, grouped in seven dimensions. Two studies were conducted to examine the factorial structure and validity (i.e., construct, concurrent and predictive validity) of the scale along with its reliability properties. For study 1, the results obtained from a sample that included 228 students from the University of Bucharest, confirmed the 7 factors structure of the scale and verified adequate psychometric properties of this version (Cronbach alpha ranged between .69 to .87 with a mean of .81). Study 2, evaluated the temporal stability using a sample of 107 participants (r test-retest, ranged from .52 to .69). The findings of the present study showed that AMS is a valid measure and can be used in the Romanian cultural area.
Culture and prosocial behavior. An Incremental Validity Model
Authors: Sabo Melinda , Marinescu Ioan Mihnea
Published: January 2021

The present study investigated if values and social axioms predict prosocial behavior, as well as the incremental validity of social axioms, beyond values in the prediction of prosocial behavior. Considering that there is no evidence in the scientific literature for studies that explore the relationship of these three variables, the aim of the study was to fill in this gap. Initially 177 participants took part in the study; in the final analysis, data from 155 participants was included. Participants could access the questionnaires on social networks where they had to complete four trials of the Ultimatum and Dictator Game, the Prosocialness Scale (Caprara et. al, 2005), the Romanian version of the second edition of Social Axioms Survey (SAS-II; Leung et al., 2012) and the Value Survey of Schwartz (1992). Results showed that social axioms have incremental validity over and beyond values in the prediction of prosocial behavior – measured objective and subjective. These results bring evidence for values and social axioms explaining a significant part of the variance of the prosocial behavior. In addition, social axioms have a significant predictive power beyond values. This study has a theoretical and a practical contribution, as well. It contributes to the development of the culture, as a concept by adding the notion of social axioms and has a practical contribution for planning interventions that focus on changing the way people cooperate or modifying the helping tendencies of people.
IS THERE A DOMINANCE OF SOCIAL PROTECTION EXPENDITURE IN THE EUROPEAN UNION?
Authors: Tashevska Biljana , Trpkova – Nestorovska Marija , Makreshanska – Mladenovska Suzana
Published: January 2021

European welfare states, with their comprehensive and generous welfare model, create the largest part of general government expenditures in the European Union member countries. Given the rising trend of social expenditure and the long-run challenges coming from population ageing, this paper addresses the issue of social dominance, a situation in which, particularly when facing limited fiscal space, social expenditure could crowd-out other productive public expenditures, thus undermining growth potentials and possibly threatening fiscal sustainability. Using a panel regression analysis, the aim of the paper is to test whether social protection expenditure has crowded-out expenditures on other purposes in the European Union in the period 1995-2018. The results provide some evidence of crowding-out of infrastructure spending and education spending. Additionally, deficit financing and rising government debt have a significant adverse effect on spending on infrastructure, education and core public services, confirming that they are more prone to cutbacks in times of deteriorating public finance. These findings, along with the long-run fiscal pressure from the ‘greying population’ and the high political costs of welfare reforms suggest significant future risks of social dominance.
THE IMPACT OF COVID-19 ON THE PERFORMANCE OF INTERNATIONAL COMMERCIAL CONTRACTS FOR THE SALE OF GOODS – FORCE MAJEURE AND HARDSHIP
Authors: Kocev Ljuben
Published: January 2021

The outbreak of COVID-19 has had massive negative impact across all industries and fields in the entire world. While the negative health impact is slowly stabilizing, the economic impact is in full effect and the harm is yet to be evaluated. On macroeconomic level, the necessary measures for combating the pandemic which were undertaken by governments have significantly restricted international trade. On microeconomic level, merchants and businesses are faced with inability or extreme obstacles in their daily operations and particularly in performing their international sales contracts. Failure to perform results in contractual breach and unwanted claims for damages. The paper addresses the impact which COVID-19 has on the performance of international commercial contracts for the sale of goods. The paper considers the impediments which may arise due to the pandemic outbreak and evaluates them from a legal perspective under the UN Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods from 1980 (CISG), which is the main legal instrument governing international sales contracts. Particularly, the paper focuses on the question of exemption from liability in a situation where either of the contractual parties fails to perform and breaches an obligation. The evaluation is conducted through interpretation of the concepts of force majeure and hardship, as grounds for non-performance or contract renegotiation in light of the current situation.
INCOME-SPECIFIC INFLATION RATES AND THE EFFECTS OF MONETARY POLICY: THE CASE OF NORTH MACEDONIA
Authors: Jovanovic Biljana , Josimovski Marko
Published: January 2021

In this paper, we investigate the effects of monetary policy concerning the inflation rates specific for each income group of households. We find that the prices specific for high-income households are generally more rigid and less volatile compared to the prices specific for middle and lower-income households. This means that monetary policy can differently affect the different inflation rates specific for each of the income groups. By using a FactorAugmented VAR (FAVAR) model, we show that a monetary policy shock affects high-income households less compared to middle and lower-income households, although the differences between the separate income groups are generally small. Then, by using a small scale gap model, we find that the prices of low-income households are the most sensitive to a monetary policy shock, while the prices of the top-income households are the least sensitive to the shock, which is in line with our empirical findings.