bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Monitoring and predicting populations of the tropical grass webworm (Herpetogramma licarsisalis) a pest of kikuyu pasture in Northland
Authors: Dymock J.J. , Gibb A.R. , Suckling D.M.
Published: June 2020

A monitoring programme for the tropical grass webworm (TGW) (Herpetogramma licarsisalis) has been operating in the Far North since 1999, when high densities of the larva resulted in severe defoliation of large areas of kikuyu (Pennisetum clandestinum) pasture. Keywords: tropical grass webworm, kikuyu, pheromone, monitoring programme
Managing pasture for animals and soil carbon
Authors: Parsons A.J. , Rowarth J.S. , Newton P.C.D.
Published: June 2020

There has been growing interest in including soil carbon (C) sequestration, as an offset to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, within New Zealand's commitment to the Kyoto Protocol, even though national trends report soil C concentrations in many areas is declining. There are different schools of thought as to what drives changes in soil C (e.g. grazing management, fertiliser inputs, species) and so in our capacity to increase the rate of sequestration of C since 1990 to gain C credits.
Carbon credits - reliable cash flow?
Authors: Crofoot A.N.
Published: June 2020

On 27 March 2008, my wife Emily and I purchased a 737 ha property adjoining Castlepoint Station, called Mockingbird Farm. The property is typical of Wairarapa hill country ranging from small amounts of rolling hill to steep hills with about 407 ha of reverting scrub, 200 ha of average pasture and 130 ha of pine trees. This paper covers the decision process we went through in deciding to purchase the property. A key component of that decision was the ability to sell carbon credits from the pine trees to meet the carrying costs of the purchase. The paper also outlines the process we have been through attempting to sell carbon credits, and the minefield of political whim which surrounds this. The end result is that over a year later we have yet to sell any carbon credits.
The Programmed Approach™ to pasture renewal and cropping
Authors: Lane P.M.S. , Addison P.J. , Van Plateringen M.J.
Published: June 2020

Including forage cropping as part of the pasture renewal process can be beneficial; however, too often farmers achieve unsatisfactory results in terms of both crop yield and the re-establishment of new perennial pasture. To be successful with this approach the farmer needs to have a wide range of information on pest and weed control and cropping techniques. Keywords: pasture renewal, cropping, glyphosate, perennial weeds, endophyte, clover establishment
Effect of rate and method of phosphorus application on the growth and development of 'Pasja' crops
Authors: Chakwizira E. , Moot D.J. , Scott W.R. , Fletcher A.
Published: June 2020

'Pasja' (Brassica campestris x napus) was grown at Lincoln in 2008, with banded or broadcast phosphorus (P) fertiliser applied at 0, 20, 40 or 60 kg/ha at establishment on a Templeton silt loam soil of moderate fertility (Olsen P of 9-17 mg/ kg range for individual plots). Keywords: Brassica campestris, critical leaf area index, DM accumulation, leaf area index, leaf to stem ratio, solar radiation
Liveweight gain per head and per ha throughout the year of lambs grazing conventional pastures and those that switch from grass to clover
Authors: Nichol A.M. , Bryant R.H. , Ridgway M.J. , Edwards G.R.
Published: June 2020

Intensive lamb finishing requires a consistent supply of high quality forage throughout the year to regularly finish lambs. Per head and per ha liveweight gain of weaned lambs was compared in 13 batches of lambs on replicated irrigated farmlets for 2.5 years from conventional mixed tetraploid perennial ryegrass- white clover pastures (Conv) and pastures that were pure white clover for spring and summer and switched to overdrilled Italian ryegrass for the winter (Switch).
The effect of DCD on nitrogen losses from sheep urine patches applied to lysimeters in autumn
Authors: Moir J.L. , Wild M.A. , Cameron K.C. , Di H.J.
Published: June 2020

The intensification of modern pastoral agriculture has increased the risk of environmental degradation. The use of nitrification inhibitor technology has been shown to reduce nitrate (no3-) leaching losses and nitrous oxide (n2o) emissions from new Zealand dairy pasture systems.
Using turnips to reduce soil K loading on the effluent block
Authors: Salazar M.E. , Hedley M.J. , Horne D.J.
Published: June 2020

Soil potassium (K) accumulation and associated metabolic cow health risks result from increased volumes of land-treated farm dairy effluent (FDE) generated by the intensification of dairy farming in New Zealand.
The sustainable use of water resources for agriculture and horticulture
Authors: Clothier B.E. , Green S.R. , Deurer M.
Published: June 2020

Irrigation is required to ensure that agriculture and horticulture is profitable in many of the drier parts of Australia and New Zealand.
A postscript to "Peak P"- an agronomist's response to diminishing P reserves
Authors: Cornish P.S.
Published: June 2020

'Peak P' analysts stress that rock phosphate (RP) production will decline and prices rise long before reserves run out, interpreting sharp price rises in 2007/2008 as a signal of Peak P and a looming crisis.
Establishment of a split grass-clover system to improve water quality and profitability
Authors: Mcdowell R.W. , Knowler K. , Cosgrove G.P.
Published: June 2020

Surface water quality can be impaired by phosphorus (P) loss from land. The lower Olsen P requirement of ryegrass compared with clover can, when growing them separately, allow for more targeted application of nutrients and better profitability than is possible for a mixture.
Evaluation of semi-hybrid perennial ryegrass populations
Authors: Barrett B.A. , Turner M.A. , Lyons T.B. , Rolston M.P. , Easton H.S.
Published: June 2020

The yield potential of modern forage cultivars is a limit to production from pasture- based agriculture, and may influence profitability. Hybrid vigour has increased yield in a range of plant species, but is only partially captured in conventional forage breeding systems. The objective of this research was to assess the potential for harnessing hybrid vigour in a semi-hybrid breeding system for perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne). Paired crosses among eight parental sources, including four cultivars and four ecotypes, were used to create 28 semi-hybrid populations. Parents, semi-hybrids and check cultivars were trialled in pure grass plots under rotational grazing for 2 years in the Manawatu. Dry matter yield data were used to estimate cumulative and seasonal patterns of hybrid vigour expression for cultivar x cultivar semi-hybrid combinations. The mean level of high parent heterosis was less than 2%. However, one combination exhibited significant (p
A perspective on differences in soil properties between organic and conventional framing in dairy and sheep and beef sectors
Authors: Carey P.L. , Moller H. , Norton S. , Benge J.R. , Lucock D.L. , Manhire J.B. , Meenken E.D. , Jiang S.
Published: June 2020

The agricultural research group on Sustainability (argoS) has been comparing soil quality between conventional, organic and alternative management systems for New Zealand sheep and beef (SB) and dairy (Dy) sectors.
Systems to increase grazeable forage production in the Waikato: A progress report on the tall fescue and perennial ryegrass component of these systems
Authors: Clark C.E.F. , Clark D.A. , Waugh C.D. , Roach C.G. , Glassey C.B. , Woodward S.L. , Minneé E.M.K. , Woodfield D.R.
Published: June 2020

Grazed forage underpins the productivity and economic performance of new Zealand's pastoral industries. This trial aimed to increase grazeable forage grown by 50% from 17 to 25 t DM/ha to meet industry targets.
Clover root weevil biocontrol distribution in the North Island - release tactics and outcomes
Authors: Gerard P.J. , Wilson D.J. , Eden T.M.
Published: June 2020

Clover root weevil (CRW) has become one of New Zealand's most serious pasture pests. An Irish ecotype of Microctonus aethiopoides has been released and established as a biocontrol agent. Since early 2006, field samples have been taken to monitor its spread and establishment. The biocontrol agent has established well at sites where 1 000-2 500 parasitised CRW were initially released, except in the Far North, and is spreading at around 15 km/year. Industry field personnel assisted with distributing 2 000 mini-releases (10 parasitised CRW) to areas where CRW was causing damage. One hundred farmers were sent a postal survey and feedback from 59 respondents showed the mini-release approach was successful in terms of distribution of the parasitoid, technology transfer and funder recognition. Based on natural spread from many of the release sites, it is predicted that the parasitoid will be present on most North Island farms by the end of summer 2010/2011. Keywords: Microctonus aethiopoides, biocontrol agent, white clover, Trifolium repens
Do I have the required soil bioengineers?
Authors: Mackay A.D. , Gray R.A.J. , Schon N.L. , Tuck R. , Palmer A.S.
Published: June 2020

Earthworm species beneficial to pastures are not indigenous to New Zealand and because there has been no systematic release of earthworms, their distribution is patchy. The findings from an on-farm survey in the Central North Island in spring 2009, reinforces this with only 14% of paddocks sampled containing species from all three earthworm functional groups.
Nitrogen fixation by subterranean and white clovers in dryland cocksfoot pastures
Authors: Lucas R.J. , Smith M.C. , Jarvis P. , Mills A. , Moot D.J.
Published: June 2020

The amount of nitrogen (N) in clover dry matter (DM) herbage derived from N fixation in subterranean or white clover was estimated using the 15N enrichment technique in a dryland grazing experiment at Lincoln University.
Perennial ryegrass regrowth after defoliation - physiological and molecular changes
Authors: Lee J.M. , Donaghy D.J. , Sathish P. , Roche J.R.
Published: June 2020

Many aspects of plant growth and physiology following defoliation have been investigated in perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne).
Evaluation of the effects of grass species, irrigation, nitrogen fertiliser application and soil compaction on the response of modern dairy pastures to phosphorus fertiliset
Authors: Mackay A.D. , Gillingham A. , Smith C. , Budding P. , Phillips P. , Clarke-Hill W. , Johnstone P.
Published: June 2020

This paper summarises progress in a field-based study exploring the phosphorus (P) requirements of high producing perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) and tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea)-based pastures, where the constraints to pasture growth and associated P uptake imposed by low nitrogen (N) availability and soil moisture over summer-autumn and poor physical condition of the soil have been removed.
The management of risk in a dryland environment
Authors: Gray D.I. , Reid J.I. , Horne D.J.
Published: June 2020

A group of 24 Hawke's Bay hill country farmers are working with service providers to improve the resilience of their farming systems. An important step in the process was to undertake an inventory of their risk management strategies. Farmers were interviewed about their farming systems and risk management strategies and the data was analysed using descriptive statistics. There was considerable variation in the strategies adopted by the farmers to cope with a dryland environment. Importantly, these strategies had to cope with three types of drought and also upside risk (better than expected conditions), and so flexibility was critical. Infra-structure was important in managing a dryland environment. Farmers chose between increased scale (increasing farm size) and geographic dispersion (owning a second property in another location) through to intensification (investing in subdivision, drainage, capital fertiliser, new pasture species). The study identified that there may be scope for further investment in infra-structural elements such as drainage, deeper rooting alternative pasture species and water harvesting, along with improved management of subterranean clover to improve flexibility. Many of the farmers used forage crops and idling capacity (reduced stocking rate) to improve flexibility; others argued that maintaining pasture quality and managing upside risk was a better strategy in a dryland environment. Supplementary feed was an important strategy for some farmers, but its use was limited by contour and machinery constraints. A surprisingly large proportion of farmers run breeding cows, a policy that is much less flexible than trading stock. However, several farmers had improved their flexibility by running a high proportion of trading cattle and buffer mobs of ewe hoggets and trade lambs. To manage market risk, the majority of farmers are selling a large proportion of their lambs prime. Similarly, cattle are either sold prime or store onto the grass market when prices are at a premium. However, market risk associated with the purchase of supplements and grazing was poorly managed.
New Zealand needs more production pastoral research
Authors: Crofoot A.N.
Published: June 2020

Last year I took this opportunity to express my views on the advantages of on-farm research, which generated some interesting discussion. This year I would like to widen the frame and discuss the state of New Zealand pastoral research, and in particular the type of research that comes through our Association, from my perspective as a farmer and user of research. I have taken a particular interest in New Zealand research, because I emigrated to New Zealand. Since I did not grow up here, with the benefits of experience or New Zealand education, I have found reading research papers and attending conferences such as this one, a very useful way of firstly getting up to speed and now advancing our operations at Castlepoint Station. I have been concerned about the focus of New Zealand pastoral research in recent years moving away from production research. An example of this would be the volume of papers that come through our proceedings, which although useful in some contexts, in my view will not be useful in generating economic returns. This year over a third of the papers appeared to cover subjects that would not generate a return on farm, but rather focussed on social science and modelling issues. Some of that work is interesting, but how much of it will really make a difference to the economy or environment?
Improving red clover persistence under grazing
Authors: Ford J.L. , Barrett B.A.
Published: June 2020

Red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) offers a number of advantages as a forage legume, but is constrained by poor persistence under grazing. The objective of this research was to test the growth and persistence of 18 populations among a wider set of 142 New Zealand and overseas accessions of red clover, in a mixed-sward replicated plot trial under rotational grazing by cattle in the Manawatu. We also measured plant morphological trait expression in a row trial using samples of the same red clover populations evaluated in the plot trial. Most red clover populations showed a marked decline in growth score after two years under grazing. The new variety 'Grasslands Relish' showed significantly (P
Effect of biennial spelling from grazing of a high country, moderate input, mixed pasture
Authors: Scott D.
Published: June 2020

A 18-year trial at Lake Tekapo compared changes in proportions of species in a common mixed species pasture under two mean grazing intensities, three seasons of grazing and spelled in alternate years or unspelled. The main species changes related to season of grazing, with the effect of biennial spelling being small and ambiguous, and that of mean grazing intensities slight. Keywords: New Zealand, high country, spelling, pasture development, perennial lupin, cocksfoot
Determining the value of pasture renewal to a dairy farm system in the 2009-2010 Season
Authors: Mclean N.
Published: June 2020

Information was gathered from dairy farms in four regions of New Zealand for the season ending May 2010. The regions were Waikato, Taranaki, Canterbury and Southland. Two farms were selected from each region, one that had undertaken regrassing on a regular basis for at least five years (Modern Varieties, MV) and the other had not undertaken any regrassing in the previous decade (Traditional Varieties, TV). A computer simulation tool (UDDER) was used to model the effect of regrassing on these farms. In three regions, MV generated more milksolids/ha and a greater net farm margin compared with TV. The use of computer modelling allows farmers to make a decision based on the data from their own property rather than rely on data that is sourced from different growing conditions. Keywords: regrassing, modern varieties, traditional varieties
Building rural capability through collaboration of Maori farm businesses
Authors: White T.D. , Sheath G.W.
Published: June 2020

Focused group projects engaging owners and managers of Maori farm businesses were initiated on the East Coast of New Zealand. The objective was to improve productivity and profitability on-farm through enhanced capability building and collaboration. Five group projects were evaluated. Critical success factors of learning groups were identified. Leadership, communication, organisation and commitment were required from project participants and facilitators. Collaborative and interactive processes built the knowledge and confidence of farm managers. Building trust was critical. Participation of mentor farmers reinforced learning in the group. Social network building was also important. We conclude that interactive group projects are a powerful way of building confidence of farm managers to communicate issues and make clearer, more strategically aligned decisions and actions. Collaborative farm initiatives foster ownership of issues, develop farmer support networks and ultimately the confidence to change. Keywords: experiential learning, farmer group, trust.
Validation of the Forage Brassica Calculator: A fertiliser forecasting system for forage brassica crops grown in New Zealand. Pasja and bulb turnips
Authors: Chakwizira E. , Fletcher A.L. , Zyskowski R.F.
Published: June 2020

Forage brassica calculators can be used to assist fertiliser consultants and farmers plan nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) applications for site-specific brassica production. The cost of each nutrient and the predicted productivity are used to recommend both economic and environmentally sound application rates. In this study, simulated yield was that modelled by PARJIB (a model that analyses and forecasts yield responses to nutrients) from the soil available nutrient levels, the potential yield and the fertiliser rates. The actual (observed) yields are those measured from the field. Simulations for ePasjaf (R2=0.96; root mean square of the deviation (RMSD) .3% (0.25 t/ha)) followed observed data closely with individual harvests at 60 and 90 days after sowing, consistent with observed data (R2>0.93; RMSD.4% (0.20 t/ha)). The ePasjaf model is sufficiently robust to predict site specific N and P fertiliser requirements. However, the model may need to be extended to more than two grazing events. Simulations for bulb turnips (R2=0.10; RMSD.28.1% (2.70 t/ha)) was poor. Simulations predicted the same yield for different treatments within sites, while observed yields differed widely (4.12 t/ha). This was because experiments included establishment and seeding method treatments which are not currently accounted for by the calculators. Thus, practical use of the brassica calculators for assisting with fertiliser rates currently depends on other agronomic factors being managed optimally. Key words: agro-ecological, leachate, supplementary feed, water-holding capacity
Pasture and tussock responses to a single application of nitrogen or a full development process for drier hill country over two years
Authors: Thompson B.R. , Stevens D.R.
Published: June 2020

Increasing production from drier hill country to maintain economic viability must be balanced with environmental impacts and the preservation of the tussock landscape. This trial investigated the use of a one-off autumn application of nitrogen (100 kg N/ha) to increase pasture production from drier hill country over subsequent seasons while maintaining the tussock biota. Comparative controls and previously oversown blocks were included. The response to nitrogen in the first winter-spring period was approximately 13 kg DM/ kg N applied with no measurable response occurring thereafter. The oversown block produced around 3200 kg/DM/annum more than the other blocks, as expected in the first two years. The botanical analysis showed that browntop reinvasion of recently oversown pasture was rapid, increasing to a presence of over 50% in three years. Tussocks decreased in size in the nitrogen treated block, but this was possibly due to management practices rather than a response to fertiliser nitrogen. This trial highlights some of the issues that surround the optimal use of nitrogen fertiliser in drier hill country and also documents the invasion of less desirable grasses into the preferred developed pastures. Keywords: Nitrogen, tussocks, oversowing
McRae Trust - a study of issues around livestock greenhouse gas emissions and the implications for farmers
Authors: Rhodes A.P. , Dynes R.A. , Brown M.
Published: June 2020

McRae Trust Farm was used to examine how hill country farming policies and management affected the quantity of livestock greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, profitability, and risk. Land use decisions were subject to the opportunities and constraints inherent in the natural soil capital of the farm. Analysis was undertaken using FARMAX® and OVERSEER®. Features of the pastoral farming system in 2009 were compared with 1990, and data around livestock GHG emissions was compared with the methodology proposed in the Climate Change (Agriculture Sector) Regulations 2010 which is intended to be the basis for calculating farmers' liability in 2015. Changing livestock policies can potentially change livestock GHG emissions by around 10%. Reduced emission intensity (kg CO2-e/kg meat & fibre) is achievable, but total GHG emissions may be increased over the baseline. Profitability, as measured by Economic Farm Surplus, may be increased or decreased with no relationship with the level of GHG emissions. Between 1990 and 2009, intensity of GHG emissions has been reduced by about 5% on this farm. An area of 12 ha of forestry will assist in reducing GHG liability in the initial period of agriculture's inclusion in the Emissions Trading Scheme (ETS).
Long-term changes in soil fertility and pasture production under no, low and high phosphorus fertiliser inputs
Authors: Mackay A.D. , Lambert M.G.
Published: June 2020

Many hill country farmers have struggled to maintain fertiliser inputs in recent years. The long-term fertiliser and sheep grazing farmlet study at the AgResearch Ballantrae Hill Country Research Station provides invaluable insights into the benefits of continued annual inputs of phosphorus (P) fertiliser on production levels and the farm business, and also the implications to the production system when fertiliser is withheld. Since detailed monitoring stopped in 1990, the fertiliser treatments have been maintained, along with nominal sheep stocking rates and grazing practices. Occasional measurements of soil fertility have also been made on the farmlets that have received either no fertiliser inputs for 30 years, a low annual fertiliser input (125 kg superphosphate (SSP)/ha/yr), or a high input (375 kg SSP/ha/yr) for 35 years. In this paper changes in sheep stocking rate and soil fertility are reported and compared with earlier published data from this longterm site. This field study provides a valuable resource for ongoing research into nutrient requirements and cycling in hill land environments, and a visual demonstration of the continued importance of fertiliser application as a driver of hill country production. Keywords: Livestock production, P fertiliser, Olsen P, long-term sites
Understanding the variability in sheep and beef farm profitability
Authors: Hawkins B.W. , Wu S.
Published: June 2020

A wide variation in profitability exists between farmers across New Zealand. Not all of this variation can be simply attributed to land class, absolute production levels or debt levels. Understanding what makes one farmer profitable when another struggles to break even is necessary to enable the development of programmes and support to improve the overall sector's profitability. This paper reports on the results of exploratory analysis on North Island hard hill country to identify what factors are linked to the large variation in profitability observed between farms. The exploratory analysis used simple correlation analysis to study the relationship between selected farm attributes to identify those that appear most important to determining overall farm profitability. The initial results indicated that on Class 3 farms stocking rate, sheep to cattle ratio and lambing percentage are important variables related to profit. As with any business, realising the profit potential of a farm is the combination of a well thought through strategy and sound execution. The variables identified in this exploratory analysis are core parts of the strategy, but to realise the profit potential, implementing these has to be tailored to the farm. Keywords: profit, hill country, stocking rate, sheep to cattle ratio, lambing percentage, EBITR (Earnings before Interest, Tax and Rent)
The relative contribution of seven forages to the apparent intake of weaned lambs over 12 days
Authors: Taylor A.L. , Moss R.A.
Published: June 2020

A trial was conducted in Canterbury to determine the relative preference of lambs for seven different specialist forages, each of which was established in a separate plot, replicated three times. Lambs with a history of grazing ryegrass had access to all plots simultaneously and continuously for 12 days. Herbage mass, utilisation and composition were assessed every two days. By day 12 the proportion of the forages utilised ranged from 67 and 65% for red clover and rape respectively to less than 1% for chicory and a new grass sward. In the context of creep grazing the present trial suggests that both red clover and rape might have the potential to motivate lambs to make greater use of creep gates and increase feed intake and consequentially further enhance lamb liveweight performances associated with creep grazing. Keywords: chicory, creep grazing, diet preference, forage species, palatability, pasja, red clover, ryegrass, white clover
Which way forward in the quest for drought tolerance in perennial ryegrass?
Authors: Matthew C. , Van der Linden A. , Hussain S. , Easton H.S. , Hatier J.-H B. , Horne D. J.
Published: June 2020

Pasture moisture stress for "summer" (November to March) was calculated for five main pastoral regions of New Zealand, and 9 or 10 years' weather data were modelled in each case. Amelioration of water deficit with deeper rooting, stronger plant tissue osmotic potential for greater water extraction, or increased photosynthetic water use efficiency (WUE) was also modelled. Regional mean summer moisture deficits ranged from 34 mm in Taranaki to 447 mm in Canterbury. For a 10-cm increase in rooting depth, the model predicted an additional 16 mm water extraction. Increased plant osmotic potential was predicted to only slightly increase water extraction and paradoxically reduce yield. The assumed increase in photosynthetic WUE improved production by 240 kg DM ha-1 for the same water use. Drought tolerance traits exhibited by a range of ryegrass cultivars were measured in a series of glasshouse experiments and the potential to improve New Zealand ryegrass drought tolerance by introgression with germplasm originating from North Africa was assessed. North African germplasm possesses a trait of deep rootedness but has low summer productivity as a soil moisture conservation strategy and a high percentage of tillers flowering, so initial evaluations of this material for suitability for use in New Zealand are not promising. Ryegrass cultivars incorporating germplasm of Spanish origin appear to maintain summer production with enhanced WUE. Keywords: drought tolerance, root depth, Lolium perenne, perennial ryegrass, water deficit
Dry matter yield of dryland and irrigated mixtures of Caucasian clover, white clover and perennial ryegrass over 5 years at Lincoln University
Authors: Black Alistair D , Lucas Richard J
Published: June 2020

This experiment investigated the effects of Caucasian clover (CC), white clover (WC), perennial ryegrass (RG) and their mixtures on dry matter (DM) yield under dryland and irrigated conditions over 5 years (1st July-30th June) at Lincoln University. Seven mixtures of the three species (three pure, three binary and one ternary) were sown in November 1999, grown with and without irrigation, and grazed by sheep. Total annual DM yield in Years 2-6 (2000/2001-2004/2005) was analysed. Clover-RG mixtures yielded more than the average monoculture yields of their constituent species (over-yielding). This diversity effect was 1.8-7.0 t DM/ha for WC-RG over all 5 years and 2.7-4.6 t DM/ ha for CC-RG in Years 3-6. There was no additional yield benefit from the three-species mixture. Diversity effects were due to synergistic interactions between the clovers and RG, which were similar for CC and WC once established. The interspecific interactions persisted despite changes in botanical composition across irrigation levels and years.
Problematika Kebijakan Dana Hibah dan Bantuan Sosial Sumber APBD: Relasi Korupsi Terhadap Kekuasaan Kepemimpinan, dan Perilaku Elit
Authors: Haliim Wimmy
Published: June 2020

Studi ini mencoba untuk memberikan informasi kepada pembaca bahwa problematika program dana hibah dan bantuan sosial memiliki kerentanan tinggi terhadap kepentingan korupsi dan politik. Studi ini merupakan penelitian normatif dengan pendekatan konseptual, karena penelitian ini merupakan studi yang menggabungkan pembahasan ilmu politik dan administrasi publik untuk menjelaskan suatu fenomena. Pada artikel ini penulis akan menjelaskan tiga pembahasan. Pertama Relasi Kekuasaan dan Korupsi. Kedua adalah moral dan kepemimpinan politik pada praktik korupsi. Ketiga adalah Problem perilaku elit, birokrasi dan budaya korupsi di daerah. Tujuan artikel ini adalah memberikan tuntutan kepada Negara untuk mengawasi dan mengawal implementasi kebijakan dana hibah dan bantuan sosial. Kontrol publik juga diperlukan bukan saja untuk memastikan bahwa dana hibah maupun bantuan sosial dapat terealisasi dengan baik dan tepat sasaran, namun juga menghindarkan pelaksanaanya dari problematika korupsi dan kepentingan politik elit tertentu.

 

Kata kunci: dana hibah, bantuan social, kebijakan, elit, birokrasi, korupsi
Dampak Kebijakan Subsidi Harga Input dan Output Terhadap Kesejahteraan Pelaku Industri Jagung di Indonesia
Authors: Sebayang Veralianta Br
Published: June 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dampak kebijakan subsidi harga input dan subsidi harga output terhadap kesejahteraan pelaku industri jagung di Indonesia. Menggunakan pendekatan ekonometrika dengan model sistem persamaan simultan. Teknik pendugaan yang digunakan adalah two stages least squares, rentang data series dari tahun 1985 sampai dengan 2017. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa subsidi input (subsidi harga pupuk urea, subsidi harga benih hibrida) dapat meningkatkan produksi petani tetapi kesejahteraan petani menjadi lebih buruk. Subsidi harga output (harga acuan pembelian) selain dapat meningkatkan produksi juga dapat meningkatkan kesejahteraan pelaku industri jagung (better off). Untuk mengantisipasi turun kesejahteraan petani, maka subsidi harga input sebaiknya dibarengi dengan kebijakan penetapan harga acuan pembelian.

 

Kata kunci: jagung, subsidi input, harga acuan pembelian, produksi, kesejahteraan
Komunikasi Terapeutik Tenaga Kesehatan Terhadap Pasien Rawat Inap Dalam Upaya Peningkatan Kualitas Pelayanan Rumah Sakit Haji Medan
Authors: Siregar Nina Siti Salmaniah
Published: June 2020

Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui bentuk komunikasi terapeutik tenaga kesehatan pada fase orientasi, fase kerja dan fase penyelesaian terhadap pasien rawat inap di Rumah Sakit Umum Haji Medan. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah desktiptif kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menemukan bahwa pada fase orientasi atau tahap awal telah dilakukan pelayanan komunikasi kesehatan dengan tujuan utama untuk merumuskan kontrak asuhan medis dan keperawatan dengan pasien, namun diperoleh temuan bahwa keterampilan atau kemampuan komunikasi tenaga kesehatan belum merata dimiliki. Masih ada dokter dan paramedis yang tidak menanyakan perasaan pasien, tidak menggunakan nada suara yang lembut dan simpatik, tampilan ekspresi wajah yang datar, dan kurang memberikan sapaan humor yang dapat mencairkan suasana. 

 

Kata kunci: komunikasi, terapeutik, pasien, rawat inap
Aydın Bölgesinde Yetiştiriciliği Yapılan Bazı Mısır (Zea mays L.) Çeşitlerinin Tane ve Hasıl Verimlerinin Belirlenmesi
Authors: ALP Orhan , KOCA Yakup Onur
Published: June 2020

Bu araştırma 2018 yılında Aydın ilinde ana ürün tane mısır yetiştiriciliğinde kullanılan ve bazen silajlık olarak da değerlendirilebilen mısır çeşitlerinin tane verimi, bazı verim öğeleri (bin tane ağırlığı, koçanda tane sayısı ve koçan boyu), bazı tane kalite parametreleri (kül, lif, protein, nişasta ve yağ oranları) ve hasıl ot (koçan, yaprak ve sap) verimlerinin belirlenmesi amacıyla yürütülmüştür. Çalışma Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi Güney Kampüsü deneme alanında yapılmıştır. Deneme tesadüf blokları deneme desenine göre dört tekerrürlü olarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Materyal olarak P1921, DKC6630, P1429, P1574, 71MAY69, İnove, 73MAY81, 70MAY82, Gladius, P2088 çeşitleri kullanılmıştır. Çalışmanın sonucunda ortalama tane verimi 1503 kg.da-1 ve bazı verim öğelerinin ortalamaları bin tane ağırlığı 336,1 g, koçanda tane sayısı 595,5 adet ve koçan boyu 20,9 cm olarak ölçülmüştür. Tane kalite değerlerinin ortalamaları kül oranı % 1,2, lif oranı % 2,3, protein oranı % 8,2, nişasta oranı % 60,1 ve yağ oranı %3,1 olarak belirlenmiştir. Bunlara ek olarak hasıl ot verimi için ölçülen ortalama değerler ise yaprak ağırlığı 191,4 g, sap ağırlığı 278,7 g, koçan ağırlığı 402,1 g ve tüm bitki yeşil ağırlığı ise 875,7 g olarak ölçülmüştür. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre Aydın İlinde ekonomik olarak üretimi yapılacak tane mısır çeşidi; P2088, silajlık mısır çeşidi ise İnove önerilebilir.
F4 Döl kuşağı Ekmeklik Buğday (Triticum aestivum L.) popülasyonlarının Tane Verimi Yönünden Heterotik Etkiler ve Kuraklığa Toleranslılık Parametreleri ile Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: GÜNGÖR Hüseyin , YÜCE İlker , DUMLUPINAR Ziya
Published: June 2020

Kuraklık, özellikle tane dolum döneminde gerçekleşen kuraklık buğdayda tane verimini sınırlandırmasının yanı sıra kalite parametrelerini de olumsuz etkileyen önemli faktörlerden biridir. Bu araştırma, sekiz farklı ekmeklik buğday genotipinin (Midas, As-14, Rumeli, Esperia, Gl-14, Krasunia odes’ka, Masaccio ve Lucilla) 8 x 8 yarım diallel melezlemesi ile elde edilen 28 adet F4 döl kuşağı popülasyonunun, sulanan (IR) ve yağmura dayalı (RF) koşullar altında tane verimi açısından heterotik etki, kuraklığa toleranslarını saptamak amacıyla yürütülmüştür. Araştırma Lüleburgaz-Kırklareli lokasyonunda 2017-2018 üretim sezonunda tesadüf blokları deneme deseninde 4 tekerrürlü olarak yürütülmüştür. Bulgulara göre, tane verimi bakımından sulanan koşullarda negatif, yağmura dayalı koşullar altında ise pozitif heterosis değeri bulunurken, yağmura dayalı koşullarda pozitif heterobeltiosis, sulanan koşullarda negatif heterobeltiosis değerleri saptanmıştır. Sulanan koşullarda heterosis % -5.25 belirlenirken, heterobeltiosis ise % -10.73 olarak tespit edilmiştir. Diğer taraftan, yağmura dayalı koşullarda heterosis % 7.61, heterobeltiosis ise % 2.39 olarak belirlenmiştir. Kuraklığa direnç göstergelerinden kuraklığa tolerans etkinliği (DTE) % 62.39 ile 83.11 arasında değişim gösterirken, kuraklığa duyarlılık indeksi (DSI) 0.624 ile 1.390 arasında değişmiştir. Bu çalışma sonucuna göre, araştırmada incelenen F4 döl kuşağı popülasyonun normal ve stres koşulları altında tane verimleri bakımından uygun genotipler olduğu gözlenmektedir. Rumeli×Lucilla, Midas×As-14, Midas×Lucilla, G1-14×Masaccio ve Masaccio×Lucilla kombinasyonlara ait F4 döl kuşağı popülasyonlarının, ümitvar popülasyonlar olarak öne çıkmışlardır.
Kokulu ardıç odununun bazı fiziksel ve mekanik özellikleri üzerine bir araştırma
Authors: ÇAVUŞ Vedat
Published: June 2020

Odun geçmişten günümüze kadar çok önemli mühendislik malzemelerinden birisi olmuştur. Hem yakacak odun ve hem de yapacak odun olarak birçok farklı kullanım alanına sahiptir. Özellikle ahşap yapılarda ve mobilya sektöründe oldukça fazla kullanılmaktadır. Odunun fiziksel, mekanik, kimyasal özellikleri ve biyolojik dayanıklılık özellikleri, önemli özellikleridir. Masif odunun kullanım yerine karar verirken, bu özelliklerine dikkat edilir. Bu çalışmada, kokulu ardıç (Juniperus foetidissima Wild.) odununun, bazı önemli fiziksel ve mekanik özellikleri araştırılmıştır. Tam kuru yoğunluk, genişleme yüzdeleri, genişleme anizotropisi, lif doygunluk noktası, su alma yüzdesi, eğilme direnci, elastikiyet modülü, şok direnci, statik sertlik değeri belirlenmiştir. Elde edilen verilere göre; tam kuru yoğunluk 525 kg/m3, teğet yönde genişleme %5.76, radyal yönde genişleme %3.75, boyuna yönde genişleme %0.13, hacmen genişleme %9.64, lif doygunluk noktası %18.35, su alma yüzdesi%76.8, eğilme direnci 93 N/mm2, eğilmede elastikiyet modülü 6701 N/mm2, şok direnci 0.28 kgm/cm2, teğet yüzeyde sertlik 45.7, radyal yüzeyde sertlik 43.8 ve enine yüzeyde sertlik62 N/mm2olarak tespit edilmiştir.
Yüzey tabaka yongalarının mikser içerisinde bekletme süresinin yonga levhanın vida tutma direnci üzerine etkisi
Authors: METİN Sinan , KAYMAKCI Alperen
Published: June 2020

Bu çalışmada, yüzey tabaka yongalarının mikser içerisinde bekleme süresinin yonga levhaların vida tutma direnci üzerine etkisi araştırılmıştır. Yonga levhaların üretiminde %40 karaçam, %25 meşe ve %35 kavak odunu kullanılmıştır. Ortalama %10 üre formaldehit (UF) tutkalı kullanılarak üç tabakalı yonga levhalar üretilmiştir. Deneme levhalarının üretiminde alt-üst tabakaları oluşturan yongaların mikser içerisinde farklı bekleme sürelerinin levhalarının vida tutma direnci üzerine etkisi tespit edilmiştir. Vida tutma direncinin belirlenmesi amacıyla TS EN 13446 ve TS EN 325’de belirlenen esaslara göre deney numunelerinin boyutları belirlenmiş ve her bir levhadan 75×75 mm boyutlarında 3’er tane olmak üzere örnekler kullanılmıştır. Deney örnekleri %65 ± 5 bağıl nem ve 20 ± 2 °C sıcaklık şartlarındaki iklimlendirme dolabında, değişmez ağırlığa ulaşıncaya kadar kondisyonlanmıştır. Üst-alt tabaka yongalarının mikser içerisinde bekleme süresinin artması yonga levhaların vida tutma direncini olumsuz yönde etkilemiş olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre; alt-üst tabaka yongaları için mikser içerisinde optimum bekleme süresi 30 saniye olduğu tespit edilmiştir.
Ofis ve ofis mobilyalarının ergonomik kriterler açısından değerlendirilmesi üzerine bir araştırma: Uşak üniversitesi akademik personel örneği
Authors: KARAMAN Abdurrahman
Published: June 2020

Ofisler; yapılan organizasyonel faaliyetlere göre özelleşmiş, kullanıcıları tarafından gereksinim ve beklentiler doğrultusunda şekillenen, sonradan değiştirilmesi zor olan fiziksel durumları göz önüne alındığında kişilerin işteki performanslarını etkileyen çalışma mekânlarıdır. Bu çalışma da; Uşak Üniversitesi akademik personeline ait ofisler ile ofis mobilyalarının ve ekipmanlarının ergonomik yönden çalışma koşullarına uygunluğunun belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Araştırma evrenini Uşak Üniversitesinde çalışan akademik personel oluşturmaktadır. Çalışma yapıldığı 2017-2018 bahar döneminde üniversitede toplam 720 akademik personel çalışmaktadır. Çalışma kapsamında akademik personelin tümüne ulaşılması hedeflenmiş, ancak 300 akademik personele çalışma anketi ulaştırılmıştır. Çalışma kapsamında 182 akademik personelden anketler geri alınabilmiştir. Elde edilen anket formları daha sonra SPSS paket programı yardımıyla istatistiksel olarak değerlendirilmiştir. Akademik personelin %79.1’i çalıştıkları ofisler de ek olarak özel aydınlatmaya ihtiyaç duymadığını, %83.5’i ofislerde kullanılan mobilyaların çalışan sağlığı dikkate alınarak düzenlenmesinin çalışanın verimi üzerinde etkisi olduğuna, %85.7’sinin çalışma sırasında belli aralıklarla mola verdiklerini bildirmişlerdir. Katılımcıların %78.6’sı çalışma masalarının kenarlarını oval olmasının, kendisini ruhsal ve fiziksel olarak etkilemediğini, %68.1’i çalışma sandalyelerinde sırt aparatı olmadığı veya takmadığını belirtmişlerdir.
Duygusal Zekâ ve Liderlik
Authors: VARDARLIER Pelin , YAPICI Hatice Kübra
Published: June 2020

Son yıllarda yapılan araştırmalar, mantıksal zekânın özel ve iş yaşamındaki başarıya katkısının çok fazla olmadığını göstermektedir. Bu doğrultuda duygusal zekâ kavramı ön plana çıkmaktadır. Duygusal zekâ, mantığın etkisinin azalmasına değil, insan duygularının vazgeçilmezliğine dayanmaktadır. Bir anlamda bu kavram toplumsal alanda duygu ile düşünceyi barıştırmaya yönelik bir hareketin sonucudur. İşletmeler, büyüme ve gelişmesini engelleyen durumlarına yönelik çözüm bulma konusunda zorluk yaşamaktadır. Bu zorluklara uygun çözümler getirme noktasında sorumluluk öncelikle liderlere verilmiştir. Yüksek duygusal zekâya sahip liderler, kendilerinin ve çalışanlarının duygularını yönetebilen, motive edebilen, etkin ilişkiler kurabilen, onların iş tatminlerini ve performanslarını artırabilen kişilerdir. Bu çalışmada da, duygusal zekâ kavramı ve önemi anlatılmaya çalışılmış ayrıca, yüksek duygusal zekâya sahip liderlerin kurumsal başarıya etkisi üzerinde durulmuştur.
Suriyeli Çocukların Eğitim ve Uyum Sorunlarının Değerlendirilmesi: Kızıltepe Örneği
Authors: ABAY Abdurrahman , GÜLLÜPINAR Fuat
Published: June 2020

Göç süreci yetişkinlere kıyasla çocukları çok daha fazla etkileyen bir süreçtir. Suriye’den göç eden mültecilerin yarısına yakını çocuk ve bu çocukların da büyük çoğunluğu okul çağındadır. Göç eden bu kitlenin içerisinde eğitim görmesi gereken önemli bir kitlenin olması sebebiyle karşımıza bu çocukların eğitim sorunu çıkmaktadır. Bu kapsamda bu çalışma da 2011 yılında Suriye’de yaşanan iç savaş sonrasında Türkiye’ye göç edip Mardin ilinin Kızıltepe ilçesine yerleşen eğitim çağındaki göçmen çocuklarının eğitim sürecindeki deneyimlerini ve eğitim sorunlarını analiz edip, sorun alanlarını tespit ederek yaşadıkları sorunlara çözüm önerileri sunmayı hedeflemiştir. Nitel yöntemle yapılan bu araştırma kapsamında, 20 Suriyeli Ortaöğretim öğrencisi, 6 veli, 5 öğretmen, 3 Suriyeli gönüllü eğitici (Koordinatör), 5 eğitim kurumu yöneticisi, 2 il-ilçe milli eğitim yöneticisi (Şube Müdürü) ve 4 (2 Sendika, 2 dernek) sivil toplum örgütü yöneticisi olmak üzere 45 kişi ile derinlemesine görüşme yapılmıştır. Saha çalışmasını gerçekleştirdiğimiz Kızıltepe’de eğitimine devam eden Suriyeli çocukların eğitim durumlarını incelediğimizde okulda yaşadıkları temel sıkıntının dil ve buna bağlı olarak iletişim sorunu olduğu görülmektedir. Katılımcıların neredeyse tamamı çocukların dil ve buna bağlı olarak iletişim sıkıntısı yaşadığını ifade etmiştir. Bu temel sorunun yanında Suriyeli çocuklar eğitimleri sürecinde, dersleri anlamada güçlük, buna bağlı olarak derslerde başarısızlık, dışlanma ve önyargılara maruz kalma, okul kültürüne uyum sağlayamama gibi pek çok konuda sıkıntı yaşamaktadırlar. Eğitim sürecinde yaşanan sorunların çözümüne yönelik olarak, Türkçe dil kurslarının artırılması, farklı programların uygulanması ve eğitimleri sürecinde mülteci çocuklara uzman desteğinin verilmesi gibi öneriler ön plana çıkmıştır. Ayrıca rehberlik çalışmalarını artırılması, sosyalleşme çalışmalarına ağırlık verilmesi ve okuldaki tüm personele hizmet içi eğitimin verilmesi diğer öneriler arasındadır.
Civil Servant and Heigt Level Education of Bugineses Mother not Significance for Support Paticipation in Growth Monitoring of Child
Authors: Sirajuddin Sirajuddin , Manjilala Manjilala , Mustamin Mustamin
Published: June 2020

Agent of changes in the health program are civil servant and height education level. The objectives of this study was to analyze maternal employment status and education to the participation in Growth monitoring for child (GMFC). The design of this study was cross sectional in October 2014. The unit of analysis was the mother who has children aged 0-24 months in District Soppeng Riaja and Mallusetasi Barru. Sample size was 416 children were taken by randomly on 15 clusters villages. Data were analyzed using Chi Square test. The results that the characteristics of the mother was having children aged 0-5 months (60.1%), mother's education was basic education down (54.6%), maternal employment was not as civil servants (93.8%), aged mother between 15-35 years (84%), participation had not good (67.5%). The results was no relationship between the work of the father, mother and mother's education work with participation GMFC in Posyandu, respectively p = 0.586, p = 0.449 and p = 0.779. There was a significant correlation between age children with participation in monitoring the growth of children in Barru (p = 0.000).

Keywords: child; growth monitoring; maternal education
Factors Related to the Selection of Childbirth Assistance
Authors: Sharief Suchi Avnalurini , Ali Kurnia La
Published: June 2020

The focus on reducing MMR is carried out on activities that include three messages in the MPS program, namely that each delivery is assisted by trained health workers, each obstetric and neonatal complications receive adequate services and every woman of childbearing age has access to prevention of unwanted pregnancy and management of miscarriage complications. The higher the coverage of childbirth by health workers, the lower the risk of death, therefore the goal of health development, one of which is to significantly increase the number of pregnant women who get examined and give birth assisted by health workers. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship of education, employment, family support, affordability of access to health facilities (transportation), socio-cultural relations with the selection of birth assistance in the work area of Lede Health Center. This type of research was an observational study with a cross-sectional approach. The subjects were all mothers with childbirth in the work area of Lede Health Center, Lede. Regency, North Maluku, from January to June 2018 as many as 61 people. The results of this study indicate that there was a relationship between education and the selection of childbirth assistance (p-value = 0.000), there was a relationship between work and the selection of childbirth assistance (p-value = 0.000), there was a relationship between family support and the selection of childbirth assistance (p-value = 0.009), there was a relationship between access to health services and the selection of childbirth assistance (p-value = 0.028), there was no relationship between social culture and the selection of childbirth assistance (p-value = 0.246). So, the factors related to childbirth assistance were education, work, family support, access to health facilities.

Keywords: childbirth assistance; education; work; family support; access to health facilities