bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Penerapan Digital Marketing dan Inovasi Model pada Produsen Sepatu Kulit (Bapak Misbah di RT. 06. RW. 01 Desa Buduran Sidoarjo)
Authors: Darno Darno , Purnamasari Wulan SE , Fitriya Nurul Laili , Purwanto Eko , Gama Jaya Adi , Rama Destian Kuswana Rama , Rahmawati Camelia Dewi , K Andre Brata , Budi Wahyu Putra
Published: June 2022

Shoes serve to protect our feet from dust and dirt, shoes are one of the important aspects to perfect one's appearance. Armed with experience in making shoes, Mr. Misbah, a resident of Banjarsari village, Buduran District, Sidoarjo Regency, Mr. Misbah started a business selling shoes with a conventional sales and marketing system. Until the covid 19 pandemic, which had to divert office activities to work from home (WFH) and the online learning process, resulted in a decrease in the number of shoe orders. Mr. Misbah couldn't help but have to close his shop temporarily because none of the orders came in. In the new normal era after this pandemic. Therefore, the Community Service (PKM) team helps our partner, Mr. Misbah, especially in finding alternatives to online marketing, including models and how to take photos of their products.
Pemanfaatan Limbah Batang Pisang Melalui Pelatihan Pembuatan Pupuk Organik Cair pada Masyarakat Desa Purworejo Kabupaten Blitar
Authors: Hakim Muhammad Helmi , Alfa Rizki Muhammad Febri , Zahri Alfian Perdana , Fadila Milya Nur , Aziz Mustofa Muhammad Fikri , Burhani Pradana Mohamad Faisal , Ilma Atina
Published: June 2022

Purworejo Village is one of the villages in Sanankulon District, Blitar Regency, East Java Province. Purworejo Village has natural wealth in the form of banana plantations managed by the Wijaya Kusuma Community Group. This banana plantation produces organic agricultural waste in the form of banana stems. Banana stems that accumulate and are not processed for too long will cause an unpleasant odor, and have not been utilized because of the lack of residents related to processing banana tree stump as Liquid Organic Fertilizer. One alternative that can be taken is that banana stems can be processed into Liquid Organic Fertilizer using the help of a decomposer or Local Micro Organisms as a decomposer of solid organic matter into liquid. From this alternative, it is hoped that banana stem waste can be minimized properly. In addition, it can also create new jobs for the people of Purworejo Village, thus helping to increase the income of the people in Purworejo Village. In this PHP2D activity, the community was given hands-on training and practice. There are several activities that include the presentation of materials, and the practice of making Liquid Organic Fertilizer by the PHP2D Himafis UNU Blitar Team to the people of Purworejo Village
Pemanfaatan Strategi Pemasaran 5.0 Untuk Peningkatan Penjualan Pada Kelompok Tani Desa Cidokom
Authors: Pratama Gilang , Tamzil Fachmi , Elistia Elistia
Published: June 2022

Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat ini bertujuan mengelola manajemen usaha yang berfokus pada aspek manajemen pemasaran dan komunikasi pemasaran yang berbasis IPTEK terhadap Kelompok Tani, yang terletak di Desa Cidokom. Sasaran program PKM ini adalah kelompok masyarakat yang produktif secara ekonomi (UKM). Tujuan program adalah untuk mengembangkan masyarakat yang mandiri secara ekonomidengan mengintegrasikan teknologi ke dalam salah satu dimensi proses bisnisnya. Mitra usaha dalam program ini adalah kelompok usaha budidaya tanaman hias. Analisis thematic dalam pre survey mendapatkan permasalahan mitra meliputi; Tata kelola keuangan yang tidak lancar, solusinya: mendukung pelaksanaan dan kelancaran usaha mitra PKM dari sisi penyiapan permodalan dan pengelolaan keuangan usaha dengan perancangan dan pelatihan manajemen keuangan (aliran kas), perencanaan usaha yang baik, dan efisiensi serta efektivitas dana usaha. Permasalahan kedua terletak pada melemahnya tingkat penjualan selama pandemic Covid-19, solusinya adalah meningkatkan ketrampilan mitra PKM dalam menunjang produktivitas, dengan pelatihan difusi inovasi teknologi pemasaran. Realisasi progam PKM dengan terjadinya volume penjualan dengan meningkatkan awareness, pembuatan e-katalog penjualan, alternatif sistem penjualan (konsinyasi) dan saluran pemasaran lainnya serta penataan pasar yang lebih luas menggunakan konsep digital marketing 5.0. luaran wajib dan luaran lainnya yang ditargetkan program PKM ini berupa: 1. Publikasi di jurnal ilmiah cetak atau elektronik di Jurnal Nasional ber-ISSN, 2. Artikel ilmiah dimuat di jurnal cetak atau elektronik Nasional, 3. Permodelan Manajemen Produksi, 4. Peningkatan daya saing Mitra Produktif Ekonomi dalam aspek Pemasaran, 5. Penerapan Teknologi Tepat Guna IPTEK digital marketing pada UMKM. Rencana kegiatan dimulai dari merumuskan permasalahan, mencari solusi, merencanakan dan melaksanakan seluruh PKM serta mensosialisasikan hasil penerapan teknologi tepat guna ke seluruh anggota mitra.
Analsis Strategi Peningkatan Penerimaan Pajak Restoran Kota Bekasi Tahun 2020 Di Masa Pandemi Covid-19 (Studi Kasus Pada Badan Pendapatan Daerah Kota Bekasi Di Masa Pandemi Covid-19)
Authors: Dahuri Adin , Harjo Dwikora , Balancia Christy
Published: June 2022

This study is conducted to analyze the strategy for increasing Bekasi City Restaurant Tax Revenue in 2020 during the Covid-19 pancemic at Revenue Agency of Bekasi City. The result of this study indicates that the strategy formulation and implementation in the Restaurant Tax revenue in its application did not rum well, especially during the Covid-19 pandemic. Indeed in 2018 t0 2019 there was an increment by 3.94% but in the following period tthere was a decrement by  7.7%. Kotten theory applied in the study that consisting of four classification strategies : organizational strategy, program strategy resources support strategy and institutional strategy. A qualitative approach with a descriptive method used in this study. Observation, documentation and interview were used as data collection. The result of this study indicates that the strategy for increasing Bekasi City Restaurant Tax revenue in 2020 did not run well. It was shown in the failure in target achievement that contributed by large number of taxpayers who did not realize of SIPDAH program due to unsufficient of socialization effors
Evaluation of Chicken Eggs Supply With Fuzzy AHP Approach Through Development of Safea Software
Authors: Hidayat Agung Prayudha , Santosa Sesar Husen , Siskandar Ridwan , Baskoro Ringga Gilang
Published: June 2022

This study aims to evaluate the supply aspect of chicken eggs. The Variables used in this research were egg stock, egg demand, and selling prices with alternatives are adding suppliers, adding customers, reducing supplier. The method of this research using Fuzzy AHp where The membership sets of fuzzy model are Triangular and Trapezodial membership function. The results of the research indicate that the main priority as a decision support for the supply of chicken egss is the selling price to customer (0,67), so that the alternative priority option is the addition of suppliers (0,75) to anticipate imbalances between the number of eggs sold and stock availability in the warehouse.
Strategies for Developing Tapis Craft Tourism Villages and Supply Chain in Creative Industries in Negeri Katon Village of Pesawaran, Lampung
Authors: Sundari Susanti , Buari Jevri , Suharto Suharto
Published: June 2022

This research discusses the strategy of developing a Tapis craft tourism village and the tourism supply chain in Negeri Katon village, Pesawaran district. The purpose of this study is to identify tourism potential and formulate strategies for developing Tapis craft tourism villages and tourism supply chains. The method used in this study is to use SWOT analysis which includes IFAS, EFAS, IE and SWOT matrices. Based on the results of the research conducted, there are several tourism potentials that can be developed. The IFAS matrix analysis produces 5 strengths and 4 weaknesses, while based on the EFAS matrix analysis there are 3 opportunities and 2 threats. The IE matrix shows that the development of tourist villages is in quadrant one position. The conclusion of this research is that based on the SWOT analysis, there are several alternative strategies that are produced including involving the community in the development of tourist villages starting from planning, implementing and evaluating, making tour package programs, making photo spots for tourists, assisting the community to ensure the program runs well, increasing human resource capabilities, taking advantage of technological developments to maximize promotions, forming tourism management institutions, encouraging people to become entrepreneurs in the culinary field, utilizing and managing people's homes as homestays, building tourist facilities and infrastructure, creating Tapis culture week activity programs, involving the younger generation in exhibition activities, forming the Tapis community, including Tapis lessons in formal schools, improving coordination between craftsmen and the government as well as providing counseling and education to the community.
Competitive Advantage Strategy in Improving Corporate Performance of Stevedoring Company (Samudera Stevedoring)
Authors: Dwi Yunanto , Derriawan Derriawan , Zulkifli Zulkifli
Published: June 2022

The purpose of this study was to see the influence of HR competence, equipment facility and innovation directly or indirectly on competitive advantage, and the influence of all these variables on corporate performance of Stevedoring Company (Samudera Stevedoring). The research sample was 60 respondents who were management level of Samudera Stevedoring. The sampling technique was purposive sampling. Data collection using questionnaires and FGD. The data were analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) analysis processed with SmartPLS software. The results of the study prove that the variables of HR competence, equipment facility and innovation have a significant influence on competitive advantage and competitive advantage has significant influence on corporate performance. While HR competence variable has a significant influence on corporate performance, however the equipment facility and innovation variables have no significant influence on corporate performance. The research result also shows the corporate performance plan by referring to the strategies from the analysis that has been done and the right strategy is selected, namely strengthen of HR competence
Optimizing the Process of Management of Marine Cargo Insurance Claims at PT. ABC
Authors: Ritonga Ali Imran , Kundori Kundori , Sengadji Karolus G. , Ahmad Hilda Emeraldo
Published: June 2022

The purpose of this study is to evaluate how to optimize marine insurance claims as well as the appropriate procedures in the marine cargo insurance claim process and methods in preparing insurance claim documents into accurate and complete documents so that the insurance company that bears all losses is more optimal by the insurance claims. with the details of the calculation of the value of insurance claims that have been insured. This research is divided into three lines of thought, namely identification, and formulation of problems, analysis and discussion, and research results. Identify and formulate problems by identifying possible problems that occur during the claim submission process. Based on the results of this identification then formulate the problem to be discussed in the study. Analysis and discussion by conducting the process of analysis and discussion of the problems that occur through the literature and collecting the necessary data. the next step is a discussion of the problems faced by covering the procedures and stages of filing a claim, the method adopted, and the evaluation method used for optimizing insurance claims. This study uses a qualitative method approach and a descriptive design is used to explain the process, the sample is taken at the shipping company PT. ABC, the representation is expected to be given by this sample. After using descriptive data analysis, the research results obtained that the insurance claim process must pay attention to the person in charge of carrying out marine cargo insurance claims; Types of compensation that can be submitted in the insurance claim process; Requirements in the process of filing an insurance claim, and the evidence that must be prepared to file an insurance claim. In addition, the loss must be filed immediately considering the deadline for submitting an insurance claim. The essence of the claim for ship cargo is compensation paid by the losses borne by the insurer to repair the suffering of the insured from loss of property.
Comparison of Data Inquiry and Cost Structure Methods to Arrange Owner Estimate (Case Study of Carbon Steel Pipe Procurement at PT XYZ)
Authors: Amarilies Harummi , Erwitie Gitiza , Sari Alifiana Permata
Published: June 2022

In material sourcing, one of the procurement processes that should be completed before evaluating and selecting the vendor is making an Owner Estimate (OE). The most common way to arrange an OE is by making Data Inquiry, where the arranger asks for a certain product’s price from a list of providers or vendors. However, this method does not describe in detail how the price of the product is constructed, so the company, which is doing the procurement process, tends to set a higher OE. To reduce this risk, another method to determine OE is introduced. This method applies a Cost Structure method to calculate production and transportation costs, the expenses a vendor should cover when manufacturing the products. Using a total of 20 scenarios that varied the percentage of profits, the increase in carbon steel plate costs, and the overhead costs, using Cost Structure Method can lower the Owner Estimate between 0.51% to 24.46%. The last scenario with 20% increase in profit, 20% increase in carbon steel plate cost and 20% increase in the overhead cost resulted to -2.55% reduce of Owner Estimate. This new method is proven effective as an alternative way to arrange OE for similar material.
Container Depo as A Renewable Business by Limited Company
Authors: Bilqis Zaizafun Sabrina Thalia
Published: June 2022

EExport and import of goods is an activity that must be carried out by all countries for economic and political interests. Container depots have an important role in economic activities, especially in export and import activities in facilitating the flow of containers and goods transport traffic. In the shipping world, container management is usually carried out by a third party, where the third party is specifically engaged in container management. This container depot company provides water content storage services equipped with a maintenance and repair process for these containers. This container depot can be used as a pretty convincing business idea. With the wide and many ports in Indonesia, as well as the high import-export activities, the need for container depots (along with their maintenance and storage) will greatly increase.
Shipping Operation Diagram (SOD) Method in Setting The Departure and Arrival Hours of Trucks at PT ABC
Authors: Sabtian Eko , Ginanjar Feri Usman , Putri Alivia , Fauzi Muchammad
Published: June 2022

PT. ABC is a company engaged in the plastic manufacturing industry that produces a wide range of products, from automotive plastics, cosmetic plastics, houseware plastics, health plastics to plastics for pharmaceutical purposes. Meeting customer needs in a timely manner is necessary so that customers have satisfaction with company services. The problems experienced by PT ABC. is the arrangement in scheduling automatic product delivery to customers. This research is aimed at using the Shipping Opertaion Diagram method in determining the hours of departure and arrival of trucks by considering the pulling time of late delivery and visualizing delivery information to make it right on target. The results of this study are expected to be able to adjust the departure time for delivery of goods based on product storage.
Pengaruh Return On Asset dan Dana Pihak Ketiga Terhadap Financing Deposit Ratio (Fdr) Perbankan Syariah di Indonesia Periode 2015-2019
Authors: Hasna Hasna , Rachmadi Heksawan
Published: June 2022

The purpose of the research is to examine the effect of Return On Assets (ROA) and Third Party Funds (DPK) on the Financing Deposit Ratio (FDR) of Islamic banking partially or simultaneously. The results of this study indicate that Return On Assets (ROA) and Third Party Funds (DPK) simultaneously affect the Financing Deposit Ratio (FDR) of Islamic banking and partially only Third Party Funds that affect the Financing Deposit Ratio (FDR) of Islamic banking in Indonesia while Return On Asset (ROA) has no effect.
Evaluasi Kebijakan Pengelolaan Limbah Batik di Kota Pekalongan
Authors: Khasna Syarifa
Published: June 2022

Development of batik industry in Pekalongan have diverse effects. From the economic improvement to environmental issues. Batik industry producing waste that could potentially pollute the environment. So, The Government of Pekalongan made local regulation about Protection and Environmental Management Pekalongan. The purpose of this policy is to create the environment Pekalongan good and healthy. Various efforts have been made by the government to decrease the pollution with installation of waste water management.

This study discuss about policy evaluation batik-waste management in Pekalongan. In order to explain the results of the policy evaluation batik waste management used a qualitative research method. Subjects in this study is the government represented by the Environment Agency Pekalongan, batik entrepreneurs and communities. The method of data collection is through interviews and observations made by the selection of respondents using purposive sampling method.

Based on the evaluation by Inputs, Process, Outputs, Outcomes can be concluded that the batik-waste management policy in Pekalongan unsuccessful. It is caused by several factors such as the limited funds so that complicates the motion of the government to make some facilities and also of the low participation of batik businessman in Pekalongan.
Implementasi Pembentukan Sistem Interdiksi Terpadu dalam Instruksi Presiden Republik Indonesia Nomor 2 Tahun 2020 pada Badan Narkotika Nasional
Authors: Ayu Suhito Wardhani Lidyah , Lindiasari Samputra Palupi , Hanita Margaretha
Published: June 2022

This paper aims to describe the Integrated Interdiction System's implementation in the National Narcotics Board to eradicate narcotics smuggling and illegal trafficking. Integrated Interdiction System is one of the actions included in government regulation called Instruksi Presiden Republik Indonesia Nomor 2 Tahun 2020 about national action plan to prevent and eradicate narcotics abuse and illegal trafficking (P4GN) 2020-2024. The theory used is the public policy analysis theory from William N. Dunn. At the phase of policy monitoring, used the social auditing approach. This paper used qualitative descriptive methods—primary data collected from interviews with the Integrated Interdiction System's implementor in National Narcotics Board. The secondary data collected from the literature study. This study's findings are the implementation of the Integrated Interdiction System fulfills three of four policy monitoring functions. Furthermore, concerned with the social auditing approach, Integrated Interdiction System fulfills the policy process of relations among input, process, output, and outcome.
Kajian Pengentasan Desa Tertinggal Melalui Pendekatan Indeks Desa Membangun
Authors: Hendrarso Panji , Handoko Pryo , Faiz Ali Ramdhani Miftah , Andayani Nopi , Tania Reni
Published: June 2022

This research is motivated by the phenomenon of the number of

underdeveloped villages in Keroncong District, even though the area is in the capital city of Pandeglang, not in an area far from the center of the capital city. As it is known that: Regulation of the Minister of Villages for Development of Disadvantaged Regions & Transmigration (Permendesia PDTTrans) Number 2 of 2016 concerning the Developing Village Index (IDM) classifies Village Status into 5 (five) Village statuses. Banten Province has 4 regencies which oversee the village administration. Of the four regencies, Pandeglang Regency has the most underdeveloped villages. Meanwhile, the closest sub-district to the Pandeglang Regency government and the most underdeveloped village is Keroncong District.

The purpose of this study is to reveal the cause of the number of

underdeveloped villages even though the area is in the center of the

capital city. The locus of this research is all villages in Keroncong

District. The data used is secondary data, namely from the Department of Community Empowerment of Pandeglang Regency and Banten Province and the Central Statistics Agency (BPS) of Pandeglang Regency, BPS of Banten Province. The analytical technique used in this research is descriptive qualitative analysis and content analysis. The results showed that the development of village status in Keroncong District was dominantly included in the category of underdeveloped villages. There are two villages that fall into the category of not being left behind, with the category of developing. The two villages are Bangkonol village and Pasir Karag village. Bangkonol Village has a developing status because of the easy access to the national road that crosses the Pandeglang and Lebak Regencies and has close access to the Pandeglang Regency government center. Meanwhile, Pasir Karag Village has the status of a Developing Village because of its location close to the government center

of the Keroncong sub-district, the number of government public facilitiesand a high community work ethic in entrepreneurship
Corporate Spiritual Leadership: Model Kepemimpinan Bisnis Era Milenial dalam Menciptakan Great Corporate
Authors: Rosyid Abd. , Kunaifi Aang , Asyari Qaiyim
Published: June 2022

The millennial era shows an increasing spirit of religiosity, especially for the younger generation. Religious identity is one of the pride of the millennial generation to create an image and gain public trust. This article aims to find a leadership model in creating a company that is not only good but also great. To obtain this model a qualitative approach is used, with in-depth interview and observation instruments in a sharia-based accommodation business, then inductively analyzed based on the relevant theory. The research findings in this article show that there is a spiritual leadership model that meets the criteria for creating a great corporate and applicable in a millennial era that tends to be religious. Great Corporate will be created through trust built by the company through spiritual activities. This article is expected to encourage further research to determine the relevance of the company's spiritual leadership model in the goods production sector as well as quantitative research to determine the correlation between SCL on business sustainability and growth.
Model McKinsey dalam Pengembangan Kapasitas Kelembagaan pada Perusahaan Daerah Air Minum Kota Makassar
Authors: Djaya Subhan , Mahsyar Abdul
Published: June 2022

The organization's implementation in achieving its objectives is largely determined by the extent of the capacity formed to produce optimal performance. This research aims to find out how to develop capacity in Regional Companies and offers a model of capacity building. This research took place at the Makassar Water Supply Company using a descriptive-qualitative approach, the data source obtained from the research informant consisted of directors and middle management level officials, members of the supervisory board, the Chairman of the Regional House of Representatives, experts in the field of management, NGO's that actively monitor the performance of Regional Companies as primary data sources, and secondary data sources obtained from documents available at related agencies. Research data obtained through interviews, observations, secondary data support. Data analysis is conducted based on qualitative analysis through data reduction stages, data presentation, conclusion drawing, and data verification. The results showed that capacity building based on Mc Kinsey capacity building framework in Makassar Water Supply Company has been applied to the aspects of aspirations, strategies, organizations skills, human resources, organization structure, system and infrastructure, and culture. The application looks strong on the aspects of aspirations, strategies, and organization structures, which seems to require development in the aspects of organizations skills, system and infrastructure, human resources, and culture.
Implementasi Peraturan Kepala Kepolisian Negara Republik Indonesia Nomor 16 Tahun 2012 Tentang Mutasi Anggota Kepolisian Negara Republik Indonesia Di Polres Bungo
Authors: Kurniawan Rido , Alfarisi Ikhsan , Susanto Joko , Chotib H.M. , Anggraini Zepa
Published: June 2022

Based on the regulations regarding mutations, this research is based on the limitation of promotion and demotional mutations within the Bungo Police Station, promotional mutations within the Bungo Police Station are still not on target for the purpose of implementing mutations both in terms of personnel and placement of mutations aimed at mutated personnel. and demotional mutations within the Bungo Police are one of the punishments that must be carried out by members of the Bungo Police in accordance with the results of the disciplinary hearing of the professional code of ethics received for violating the professional code of ethics. This study uses a descriptive type of research with a qualitative approach. The population in this study were all members of the Bungo Police. With a sample of 15 people who were taken using purposive sampling technique. The results showed that the implementation of the Regulation of the Head of the National Police of the Republic of Indonesia Number 16 of 2012 concerning Mutations of Police Members at the Bungo Police had been carried out in accordance with the mutation procedures and principles in the Perkap, namely the principles of legality, accountability, justice, transparency, objectivity and anti-corruption. The inhibiting factors for the implementation of the Regulation of the Head of the Indonesian National Police Number 16 of 2012 concerning Mutations of Members of the Indonesian National Police at the Bungo Police are the real number of Bungo Police personnel, which is very far when compared to the number of DSPP (List of Police Personnel Composition) of the Bungo Police which must owned by the Bungo Police and there is still a lack of individual competency development for Bungo Police personnel to attend training or vocational education in order to develop the individual competencies of personnel to be professional in carrying out their duties.
Non-exponential tunneling ionization probability distribution as a function of different laser beam profiles
Authors: Miladinović Tatjana , Danilović Nebojsa , Jeremić Marija
Published: June 2022

In this paper, we discussed the probability distribution of exponential and non-exponential tunneling ionization of atoms, taking into account that the tunneling is not instantaneous, but requires a very short time interval. Also, it was investigated how different laser beam profiles affect the probability distribution. These physical situations are analyzed for the valence electron of potassium atom exposed to a strong laser field in a wide range of intensities (1012 -1015  W/cm2). We use ADK theory formalism to compute probability distributions. The results demonstrate that the probability distribution in the non-exponential mode has a significantly lower value than in the exponential mode, calculated under the same conditions. We showed that various laser beam profiles on these probability distributions produce different tunneling time intervals.
Evaluation of an electrochemical cell 3D-printed with PLA/PTFE polymer filament
Authors: Márquez-Herrera Alfredo , Zapata Torres M. , Montesinos S.
Published: June 2022

3-dimensions (3D) printing technology is a type of additive manufacturing (AM) that is on the rise and works by manufacturing components by the deposition of a thermoplastic layer upon layer. In this paper, we explore the use of AM to print a novel fused deposition modeling-based 3D printing electrochemical cell from a non-commercially available composite of PLA/PTFE polymer filament for corrosion applications within materials science. To validate the 3D printed cell, a galvanic series and cyclic voltammetry to aluminum in Hank’s solution was done, and a corrosion resistance study was conducted by using the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and anodic and cathodic polarization (Tafel) techniques to a virgin and a boride ASTM F-73 alloy as working electrode. The results show the possibility of replacing commercial electrochemical cells with 3D printed ones without any compromise on quality of the experiment. Also, this inexpensive and simple instrument design is both, adaptable and sensitive for a wide range of laboratory electrochemical applications.
EEG motor imagery classification using machine learning techniques
Authors: Páez-Amaro R. T. , Moreno-Barbosa E. , Hernández-López J. M. , Zepeda-Fernández C. H. , Rebolledo-Herrera L. F. , De Celis Alonso Benito
Published: June 2022

A brain-machine interface (BMI), is a device or experimental setup that receives a brain signal, classifies it, and then uses it as a computer command. Even if large amounts of work exist in the field, there is not a consensus on which kind of learning methodology (deep learning, convolutional networks, AI, etc.) and/or type of algorithms in each methodology, are best to run BMIs. The aim of this work was to build a low-cost, portable, easy-to-use and a reliable BMI based on Motor Imagery Electro-encephalography. To this end, different algorithms were compared to find the one that best satisfied such conditions. In this study, motor imagery EEG signals, from both PhysioNet public data and from our own laboratory obtained using an Emotiv headset, were classified with four machine learning algorithms. These algorithms were: Common spatial patterns combined with linear discriminant analysis, Deep neural network, convolutional neural network and finally Riemannian minimum distance to mean. The mean accuracy for each method was 78%, 66%, 60% and 80% respectively. The best results were obtained for the baseline vs Motor Imagery comparison. With global-training public data, an accuracy between 86.4% and 99.9% was achieved. With global-training lab data, the accuracy was above 99% for Common Spatial Patterns and Riemannian cases. For lab data, the classification/prediction computing time per event were 8.3 ms, 18.1 ms, 62 ms and 9.9 ms, respectively. In the discussion a comparison between the results presented here and state-of-the-art of methodologies and algorithms for BMIs can be found. We concluded that Common spatial patterns and Riemannian minimum distance to mean, algorithms resulted in fast (computing time) and effective (success rate) tools for their implementation as deep learning algorithms in BMIs.
Light refraction in the earth's atmosphere I. Inferior mirages: analytic solution of ray paths
Authors: Alejandro Paola C. , Cruzado Alicia , Carrasco Galleguillos F. M.
Published: June 2022

We aim to reach an analytic expression that describes the path of light rays through the Earth’s atmosphere in the particular situation in which an inferior mirage is occurring. To achieve our goal, we assume an exponential refractive index profile close to the ground, as suggested by empirical and theoretical studies on the state of air when an inferior mirage is taking place. We consider a parallel-plane atmosphere and assume that the laws of geometric optics apply. Since Fermat’s principle holds, we solve the Euler’s equation and, from the solution we obtain an analytic expression that describes the ray paths in a plane perpendicular to the ground. Given that we focus on the particular case of inferior mirages, we were able to find a very simple and easy-to-use expression to describe the ray paths, allowing us to extract additional valuable information with minimal computational effort. We take advantage of it to impose a limit to the thickness of the air layer next to the ground where appropriate conditions exist to bend the rays upwards, and produce an inferior mirage.
Green Chemistry and its Role in Achieving Sustainable Development Goals
Authors: Sharma S.K.
Published: June 2022

In 2015 the United Nations declared a framework comprising 17 aspirational goals known as the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) which was meant to be adopted by governments, industries, and other stakeholders worldwide to end poverty, protect the planet, and ensure that all people live with peace and prosperity by 2030. It can make the environment sustainable, in other words. Chemistry can play an essential role in helping society achieve the SDGs and Green Chemistry (GC) specifically may be a key player in this regard. GC complements other streams of chemistry, including environmental chemistry. Environmental Chemistry is the ‘chemistry of the environment’ that explains nature and the impact of man on nature. At the same time, GC is ‘chemistry for the environment’ i.e., more environmentally friendly chemistry. GC may be defined as “invention, design and application of chemical products and processes to reduce or eliminate the use and generation of hazardous substances”. New chemical research, green and sustainable chemistry education, green and sustainable chemical manufacturing practices, and a sense of social responsibility are critical for all chemists worldwide as we work together to protect our planet Earth. SDGs including Zero Hunger, Good Health and Well-being, Clean Water and Sanitation, Affordable and Clean Energy, Industries, Innovation and Infrastructure, Responsible Consumption and Production, Climate Action is directly related to chemistry at large and GC in precise. Therefore, if we rightly practice GC, it serves the purpose of environmental sustainability and will be useful in achieving the SDGs, which will ensure that all people enjoy peace and prosperity in the long run. Green Chemistry Education is quite important in this regard, which needs to be practiced more and more.
Comparison and Characterization of Colletotrichum acutatum the Main Causative Agent of Colletotrichum Leaf Disease (CLD) of Rubber (Hevea brasiliensis) with Newly Identified Causative Agent Colletotrichum siamense
Authors: Fernando T.H.P.S.  , Aberathne A.H.M.N.R.
Published: June 2022

Colletotrichum acutatum has been identified as the major pathogenic species of CLD in rubber. Recently, C. siamense was identified as another causative agent of this disease from Sri Lankan rubber plantations. The present study was focused to compare C. acutatum and C. siamense giving special reference to cultural and reproductive characteristics, fungicide sensitivity and pathogenicity. Comparison of new pathogens with already existing pathogens are required for understanding of new pathogen population. That knowledge will be important to improve management strategies, quarantine regulations and to protect crop avoiding a huge economical lose. C. siamense was isolated from symptomatic rubber leaves on to Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) and C. acutatum was collected from department culture collection. Cultural characters were observed after 10 days of incubation. Reproductive characters were compared using slide culture technique. Conidia concentrations were detected using haemocytometer. Growth rates were measured along two perpendicular axis on PDA plates. Fungicide sensitivity was tested with 0.01-500 ppm carbendazim following poisoned food technique. Pathogenicity test was performed using 5×105 conidia/ml suspension on detached rubber leaves and Disease Index (DI) was calculated. Colonies were circular, smooth and cloudy with raised elevation, opaque nature and entire margin. Both upper and lower surfaces of C. siamense were light grey with orange conidiomata on the lower surface. C. acutatum produced white to light grey colonies which were initially salmon coloured in lower surface. Conidia in both isolates were aseptate one celled, hyaline, smooth-walled and granular with size of 14-16 μm×4-5 μm. C. siamense produced cylindrical, both ends rounded spores with 4×105 conidia/ml concentration while C. acutatum produced fusiform conidia with 2.08×107 conidia/ml upon 7 days of incubation. However, the growth of C. siamense in PDA was higher (1.60 cm/day) than the growth of C. acutatum (1.48 cm/day). Although C. siamense inhibited 100% of its growth even at 0.5 ppm of carbendazim, C. acutatum was extremely tolerant to carbendazim and couldn’t inhibit the growth even at 500 ppm. In the pathogenicity test, lesions were produced at all inoculation points but the size and type of lesions produced by both isolates were different. C. acutatum produced darker anthracnose-like watery lesions with 3.00 DI value and C. siamense produced slightly dark watery lesions with DI value of 2.00. According to the characters of both isolates, C. acutatum can be identified as a severe pathogen than C. siamense.
Techno-economic Assessment of Plastic Waste Management in Developing Countries: A Case Study for Sri Lanka
Authors: Hemali N.A.  , De Alwis A.A.P.
Published: June 2022

Worldwide, the plastic demand is increasing annually by 4%. Technologies can help save or reduce the material and energy consumption of the plastic material supply chain by applying proper waste management methods. However, comparative assessment is required to identify optimum material and energy recovery scenarios. Sri Lanka currently imports virgin plastic raw materials for different applications, which amounts to 300,000 tons per annum. Municipal solid waste generation of all solid waste is around 10,768 tons per day and collected by local authorities only 3,458 tons per day, in which over 50% of uncollected waste material, containing valuable plastics, goes to open dumps and the surrounding environment. At the end of life, plastic waste should not merely manage as energy recovery (such as waste to energy) however suitable technologies need to be applied to recycle the carbon for use as material feed stocks. Thermochemical and biochemical conversion technologies offer the option to utilize organic waste as chemical feedstock and subsequent polymers. The solution towards deriving synthetic materials allows a more closed cycle of materials and can help to reduce dependence on either fossil or bio-based raw materials. This study summarizes plastic waste management routes available and investigates how in the long-term they could be applied to enhance waste management in developing and emerging environments. Thus, the study aims to assess the technologies of plastic waste management in a Techno-economic framework in a typical developing country.
Keywords: Plastic waste management, Material and energy recovery, Circular economy
Photodecomposition of Urea in the Presence of Titanium Dioxide
Authors: Fernando T.C.L.  , Jayaweera P.M.  , Palliyaguru L.
Published: June 2022

Urea is used as a fertilizer, food supplement, and also as raw ingredient for the production of polymers and pharmaceuticals. If urea is not adequately processed, it can accumulate in the environment and pollute groundwater and surface water. Although urea is biodegradable, it has negative impacts on aquatic creatures in the long run. It courses eutrophication and algal blooms in waters. Therefore, as a feasible solution, the development of efficient photocatalysts for the breakdown of urea is essential. In this study, titanium dioxide (Merck 21 nm anatase) was used as a catalyst by applying a thin layer of TiO2 onto glass sheets (1 cm×1 cm), the active surface. Such coated glass sheets were placed in prepared 400 nm urea solution exposed to UV light for 120 minutes. The concentration of urea was detected 15 minutes time intervals for the kinetic analysis. Urea concentration with the UV exposure time was determined by the spectrophotometric method. This approach determines the amount of water soluble urea in the medium via fast, accurate, and low-cost manner. The urea was determined based on its ability to inhibit the reaction between bromate ion with HCl reaction. The reaction was monitored spectrophotometrically at 505 nm by decolorization of methyl orange dye with bromine and chlorine produced by the reaction products. Results indicate that urea decomposition in UV irradiated solutions were faster than in the dark under the same conditions. Approx. 22 wt.% of urea was degraded within 120 minutes of UV irradiation when compared to 3.9 wt.% decomposition with the dark condition experiment. In addition, titanium dioxide plated glass sheets proved to be stable in repeated urea degradation cycles.

Keywords: Photocatalysis, Urea degradation, Titanium dioxide
A New Preferential Etch for Defects in Silicon Crystals
Authors: Jenkins Margaret Wright
Published: June 2022

A new preferential etch for (100) and (111) oriented, p- and n-type silicon has been developed. This article describes the basic chemistry of the etching process and provides examples of how it defines critical features such as oxidation-induced stacking faults, dislocations, swirl, and striations with minimum surface roughness and pitting. A relatively slow etch rate of around 1 μm/min at room temperature provides etch good control and a long shelf life allows the solution to be stored in large quantities.
Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry, SIMS, for Failure Analysis and Prevention
Authors: Evans Keenan , Lu Shifeng
Published: June 2022

Secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) works by bombarding the surface of a solid sample with ions, freeing charged atomic and molecular species which are then collected and analyzed. This article explains that SIMS has the ability to detect all elements in the periodic table in addition to inherent depth profiling capabilities, making it an indispensable tool for the characterization and analysis of semiconductor components and materials. It also presents several application examples.
Stress Voiding in IC Interconnects: Rules of Evidence for Failure Analysts
Authors: Filter William F.
Published: June 2022

Stress voiding is an insidious IC failure mechanism that can be difficult to identify and arrest. It is of particular concern to those who produce and test ICs with aluminum-alloy interconnects or who assess the reliability of legacy devices with long service life. This article explains how stress voids form and grow and how to determine the root cause by amassing physical evidence and ruling out other failure mechanisms. The key to differentiating stress voiding from other types of failures is recognizing that is the result of three distinct physical phenomena, stress, nucleation, and diffusion, all of which must be confirmed before attempting to make process corrections.
Microcalorimeter Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectrometer for Low Voltage Microanalysis
Authors: Wollman D.A. , Martinis John M. , Nam S.W. , Hilton G.C. , Irwin K.D. , Rudman D.A. , Bergren N.F. , Deiker S. , Huber Martin E. , Newbury Dale E.
Published: June 2022

Improved X-ray detector technology continues to be a critical need in the semiconductor industry, particularly for high-spatial-resolution X-ray microanalysis using lowbeam-voltage field-emission scanning electron microscopes (FE-SEMs). In response to this need, a prototype microcalorimeter energy-dispersive spectrometer has been developed. This article discusses the capabilities of the new tool and demonstrates its use in thin-film and particle analysis. It also discusses ongoing development efforts and potential future advancements.
MEMS Failure Analysis Engineer’s Toolbox (Part 2)
Authors: Walraven Jeremy A. , Peterson Kenneth A.
Published: June 2022

This article describes how focused ion beam (FIB) technology is being used in combination with various other analytical tools for failure and yield analysis of MEMS devices. It provides examples showing how FIB is used with TEM analysis, AFM analysis, scanning acoustic microscopy, and scanning laser microscopy.
Advancing Technology: Logic Mapping to Enhance Electrical Failure Analysis
Authors: Kinra Anjali , Balachandran Hari
Published: June 2022

Scan-based diagnostics produce high-confidence target lists of suspected faults associated with electrical fail signatures. Physical coordinates extracted from these lists serve as a guide for physical failure analysis. When certain conditions are met for the design database and pattern sets, the extraction can be automated and the analysis completed within minutes. The logic mapping flow is a natural extension of scan-based diagnosis with the potential to reach new levels of electrical failure analysis without the extensive data collection and resources associated with signature analysis. This article describes the logic mapping concept and how to implement the flow. It also presents the results of actual cases in which logic mapping was used.
Recent Development: Single Contact Optical Beam Induced Currents (SCOBIC) – Technique and Applications
Authors: Chin J.M. , Palaniappan M. , Phang J.C.H. , Chan D.S.H. , Gilfeather G.
Published: June 2022

Single contact optical beam induced currents (SCOBIC) is a variation on the OBIC failure analysis technique that requires only one point of contact with the junction being examined. This article discusses the basic principles of this new method and how it compares with OBIC in terms of measurement performance. It also presents examples showing how SCOBIC can be used to analyze CMOS devices from the front and back side without need for complex FIB and microprobing procedures.
RESEARCH METHODS OF FOOD MARKETING
Authors: Aliyeva Ilaha
Published: June 2022

As a result, the main purpose of choosing marketing research methods is to get acquainted with different methods that can be used in the collection and analysis of marketing information. In practice, they are conventionally divided into traditional and specific methods. Traditional methods of analysis include methods and techniques that have been used since the advent of economic analysis and are widely used in data processing and analysis in other areas: the system of analytical indicators, factor modeling, comparison and grouping methods, etc.