bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Sweetness Components by Harvest Times and Extract Methods in Stevia
Authors: Kim Sang Un , Um In Seok , Rho Il Rae
Published: January 2019

The leaves of Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni have attracted much attention as a source of natural sweeteners. This study was conducted to investigate the natural sweeteners contents and analyze antioxidant materials and activity according to harvest times and extraction methods in stevia.Stevia leaves were extracted using 5 extraction methods to identify the extraction with high extraction efficiency. Extraction yield was high in the order of hot water extraction (HWE), reflux extraction (RE), high temperature and pressure extraction (HTPE), ultrasonic extraction (UE) and vacuum extraction (VE). The contents of rebaudioside A and stevioside in stevia leaves had the highest in HTPE. Also, the total phenolic and flavonoid contents had the highest in HTPE and VE. Using the HTPE method, the result analyzed that the contents of rebaudioside A and stevioside of stevia leaves harvested between April and October exhibited the tendency to increase gradually between July and October. HTPE is considered to be an appropriate method for extracting stevia leaves. Also, it was confirmed that the stevia leaves of July, September and October, except for the high temperature period of August, had superior in quality and quantity.
Ensayos con el control autónomo de sistemas aéreos no tripulados tipo cuadricóptero para su aplicación didáctica en la enseñanza aeronaútica
Authors: Amaya Carias Omri Alberto
Published: January 2019

El propósito de este artículo es presentar los resultados de una investigación en el área del control de una aeronave no tripulada, siendo la orientación al área específica del uso en temas de didáctica educativa. Los usos de hardware y software específicos utilizados en esta investigación, ambos de código abierto, dan una oportunidad de desarrollo en el tema educativo en el campo aeronáutico, pretendiendo de esta manera utilizarlos como plataforma para enseñanza demostrativa. La metodología se explica en el artículo, buscando la posibilidad de explorar nuevas líneas de investigación indagando en el contexto hondureño temas trabajados en otros países o aportando nuevos temas o nuevas perspectivas de estudio. Se propone como problema de estudio el poco conocimiento en la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Honduras (UNAH) acerca de las aeronaves no tripuladas y sus aplicaciones con equipamiento para distintas funciones con potencial para ser utilizados en contextos pedagógicos y para la experimentación en otros campos. Se concluye que este primer acercamiento al tema de vehículos aéreos no tripulados abre para el Departamento de Ciencias Aeronáuticas (DCA) un amplio campo de investigación desde el cual se pueden hacer importantes aportaciones para aplicaciones innovadoras necesarias y oportunas en la enseñanza, la investigación, el desarrollo económico y la recreación.
La mentoría
Authors: Fontecha Sandoval Gustavo Adolfo
Published: January 2019

La MEIZ inició coyunturalmente a partir de un financiamiento que un grupo de profesoras de la UNAH y una colega honduro-canadiense, gestionaron ante el Gobierno de Canadá. Estas valientes mujeres tuvieron un sueño, que parecía quijotesco en aquel momento en que la Reforma universitaria era apenas una promesa difusa, y la convulsión socio-política del país daba lugar a todo menos a la creatividad. A pesar de los obstáculos internos y externos, el Postgrado fue creado y aprobado, pero con una mística de trabajo nueva, inspirada en la Universidad de Brock, y el resto de las Universidades canadienses. Era necesario adoptar paradigmas en los que ninguno de nosotros habíamos sido formados. Requería una transformación de la mente de los coordinadores, los profesores y los asesores, para luego intentar permear en la de los estudiantes.
Blockchain Technology with Applications to Distributed Control and Cooperative Robotics: A Survey
Authors: Khan Ameer Tamoor , Cao Xinwei , Li Shuai , Milosevic Zoran
Published: January 2019

As a disruptive technology, blockchain, particularly its original form of bitcoin as a type of digital currency, has attracted great attentions. The innovative distributed decision making and security mechanism lay the technical foundation for its success, making us consider to penetrate the power of blockchain technology to distributed control and cooperative robotics, in which the distributed and secure mechanism is also highly demanded. Actually, security and distributed communication have long been unsolved problems in the field of distributed control and cooperative robotics. It has been reported on the network failure and intruder attacks of distributed control and multi-robotic systems. Blockchain technology provides promise to remedy this situation thoroughly. This work is intended to create a global picture of blockchain technology on its working principle and key elements in the language of control and robotics, to provide a shortcut for beginners to step into this research field.
A Real-Time Upper-Body Robot Imitation System
Authors: Zhang Zhijun , Niu Yaru , Kong Lingdong , Lin Shuyang , Wang Hao
Published: January 2019

An upper-body robot imitation (UBRI) system is proposed and developed to enable the human upper body imitation by a humanoid robot in real time. To achieve the imitation of arm motions, a geometry-based analytical method is presented and applied to extracting the joint angles of the human and mapping to the robot. Comparing to the traditional numerical methods of inverse kinematic computations, the geometrical analysis method generates a lower computational cost and maintains good imitation similarity. To map the human head motions to the head of the humanoid robot, a face tracking algorithm is employed to recognize the human face and track the human head poses in real time. A hand extraction and hand state recognition algorithm is proposed to achieve the hand motion mapping. At last, the completion rate and similarity evaluation experiments are conducted to verify the effectiveness of the proposed UBRI system.
The association of knowledge on oral health and utilization of dental services among pregnant women
Authors: Mousa Ola , Hamed Asmaa , Omar Norah Al
Published: January 2019

Good oral health during pregnancy can possibly reduce complications and this will improve the quality of life of the pregnant woman. In addition, this will prevent the risk of the child to develop early childhood dental caries in the future. The main objective of this study was to determine if there is an association existingbetween the level of knowledge on oral health and utilization of dental services among pregnant women. Furthermore, the study determined the (a) proportion among pregnant women who had high level of knowledge regarding dental careduring pregnancy, (b) proportion of pregnant women who ever visited the dentist during pregnancy, (c) proportions of expecting women who are regularly brushing her teeth and whouses dental floss during pregnancy, and (d) factors that hinders the expecting women from visiting the dentist during pregnancy. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at El Minia University Maternal and Child Health Hospital, El Minia, Egypt. A cross-sectional self-administered questionnaire-based survey was conducted among 200 expectant mothers, approached 156 out of them returned completed questionnaires, representing a response rate of 78%. Results revealed that: (a) nearly 65% of pregnant mothers had a high level of poor knowledge regarding dental care during pregnancy, (b) roughly 24% of pregnant women ever visited the dentist during pregnancy, (c) about 80% and 43% of expecting women regularly brush their teeth at least twice per day and use dental floss during pregnancy, respectively, and (d) among the factors that hinder the expecting women from visiting the dentist during pregnancy include having no time to visit, the consultation cost, fear and anxiety about the procedure, long waiting time, transportation problem and the idea of not needing the dental care. Moreover, the results showed that there was no sufficient evidence to say that the level of knowledge regarding dental service during pregnancy is associated with the utilization of dental service during pregnancy (Pearson Chi-square p-value = .160). The study concludes that health promotion on oral care during prenatal visits should address the mythologies and misconceptions among pregnant women. Therefore, healthcare providers should raise awareness among expectant mothers about giving special attention to oral health needs due to the higher risk of oral diseases that may affect pregnancy and the child inside the womb.
Mass-forming extramedullary hematopoiesis mimicking Hodgkin’s lymphoma
Authors: KOMBAK Faruk Erdem , UYAR BOZKURT Süheyla , ÖZGÜMÜŞ Toluy , KAYGUSUZ ATAGÜNDÜZ İşık
Published: January 2019

Extramedullary hematopoiesis (EMH) refers to the proliferationof hematopoietic precursors outside the bone marrow. EMH oftenpresents as a mass lesion in several areas of the body. In thisreport, we present a case misdiagnosed and explain the cause ofthe diagnostic error.
The Relationship Enfolded in Bohr’s Quantum Condition and a Previously Unknown Formula for Kinetic Energy
Authors: Suto Koshun
Published: January 2019

Bohr’s quantum condition is an indispensable assumption for classical quantum theory. However, strictly speaking, Bohr's quantum condition does not hold when deriving the energy of an electron forming a hydrogen atom from the perspective of the theory of relativity. In this paper, it is thought that the relationship enfolded in Bohr's quantum condition, i.e.,  is suitable as a new quantum condition to replace Bohr’s quantum condition. Also, in quantum mechanics, the energy of an electron is derived based on the theory of relativity, as exemplified in the theory of Sommerfeld. However, this paper points out that the previous energy formula based on the theory of relativity is mistaken. It also proposes a previously unknown formula for the kinetic energy of an electron.
Bandwidth Enhancement of Microstrip Patch Antenna
Authors: Al-Ahmadi Ahmad , Khraisat Yahya S. H.
Published: January 2019

Microstrip patch antenna (MPA) is suitable for different applications in wireless communications. MPA suffers from low gain and narrow bandwidth. In this paper we improved its bandwidth by inserting multiple slots in its ground plane. We used FR-4 substrate to design this antenna. The dimensions of this antenna are 60mm and 80mm. The dielectric constant is equal to 4.4 and the height is 1.6mm. We inserted up to 12 slots in ground plane with 1mm width. The spacing between slots is 3mm slots were arranged parallel to the feeding line. Simulation was done using HFSS simulator.
Formulation, Stability and Physicochemical Properties of Pickering Emulsions: An Overview
Authors: Sy Papa Mady , Dieng Sidy Mouhamed , Diarra Mounibe
Published: January 2019

This review work focuses mainly on the formulation, characterization, physicochemical properties and parameters of stability of emulsions stabilized by solid particles (Pickering emulsions). This concept of emulsions stabilized by particles strong knows a renewed interest in our days saw the benefits they present: good stability, protection of the environment, safety of users, types of particles etc. The adsorption of the solid particles at the oil-water interface is almost irreversible and strong, leading to the formation of a dense film, creating a barrier around the droplets and thus making the droplets very resistant to coalescence. Recently, the possibilities of application of emulsions stabilized by particles are considered in the pharmaceutical industry. This type of formulation may be a potential system of encapsulation of the active ingredients, allowing controlled and targeted release of the active ingredient from the internal phase.
Real Option Analysis versus DCF Valuation - An Application to a Tunisian Oilfield
Authors: TALEB Lotfi
Published: January 2019

The most widely used methods of choosing investments are undoubtedly the NPV. This method is often criticized because it does not allow to take into account certain main characteristics of the investment decision, notably the irreversibility, the uncertainty and the possibility of delaying the investment. On the other hand, the real options approach (ROA) is proposed to capture the flexibility associated with an investment project. This article examines whether the value of an undeveloped oil field varies according to whether the ROA or NPV assessment is used. In addition, to value the option to defer, we developed a continuous time model derived from previous work by Brenan and Schwartz (1985), McDonald and Siegel (1986) and Paddock, Siegel, and Smith (1988). The originality of the proposed model gives rise to a simple and uncomplicated method for determining the value of the option. Findings indicate that the two evaluation methods lead to the same decision, the project is economically profitable. In this oil investment project studied, despite the positive value of the option, the importance of projected cash-flows and optimistic forecasts of the price of oil, led us not to exercise the option and to undertake the project immediately.
Discursive Strategies and Media Representation of Conflicts
Authors: Afzal Naeem
Published: January 2019

The media’s tendency to widely represent conflicts, through legitimization or de- legitimization, makes us believe that media narratives may not be perceived as ‘neutral stances’ for the public consumption. This study investigates the policy of a mainstream newspaper, The News International (NI), in Pakistan and discursive strategies manipulated by its editorial writers to portray the Arab Spring. It, specifically, examines how the selected newspaper editorials thematically constructed the uprising; (re) formulated the public opinion by echoing the Arab Spring-centred perspectives; and mostly backed the revolting protesters against the dictatorial rules in Tunisia, Yemen, Egypt, Libya and Syria. The data consist of purposefully selected editorials, which were published between January 2011 and December 2012. This particular timeframe has been distinguished for peak media coverage of the events. The qualitative data (editorial content) are analysed by using NVivo. Through discourse analysis approach, it is revealed that editorial writers employed several recurrent themes (e.g., protests, democracy, horror) to project a positive image of the protesters’ movement and fully utilised their prerogative in constructing a ‘pro-Arab Spring’ discourse. This study concludes that such ‘opinion discourses’ serve as an eye-opener to the role of media in representing conflicts from different angles while staying in different societies. It also provides insights into the ways newspapers (dis) empower readers by promoting certain factions of a conflict and devaluing others.
Comparison of Shear Bond Strength of Orthodontic Metal Brackets Adhered to Composite Restorations Pretreated with Er;Cr:YSGG and CO2 Lasers and Phosphoric Acid
Authors: Mofateh Mohamad , Khanemasjedi Mashallah , Noori Meysam
Published: January 2019

Background & Aim. The aim of this study was to compare the bond strength of the orthodontic brackets bonded to the composite restorations following preparations by CO2 and Er;Cr:YSGG lasers and conventional phosphoric acid etching adult orthodontic treatment. Materials & Methods. Class V cavities were prepared on the buccal surfaces of 60 acrylic teeth and restored by composite after etching by 37% acid-etch gel. The specimens’ surfaces were prepared randomly by 37% phosphoric acid etching or Er;Cr:YSGG or CO2 lasers. Central metal brackets were installed on the teeth's surfaces. The shear bond strength of the brackets to composite surfaces was measured by the crosshead speed of 1mm/min. The scores of the remaining adhesive on the surfaces were calculated by ARI index in 5 scales. The shear bond strength values and the ARI scores were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and Chi-square tests respectively. Results. There were no significant differences among the surface preparation methods regarding bond strength between composite surfaces and the brackets. Most specimens showed ARI index of 3 in the acid phosphoric etching. In CO2 laser application, ARI index of 2 and 3 were more frequent. In Er;Cr:YSGG laser, ARI index of 3 was predominant. No significant differences existed among 3 modalities regarding scores of ARI index. Conclusion. Irradiation of CO2 and Er;Cr:YSGG lasers is recommended for clinical applications due to adequate bond strength created between the brackets and composite surfaces as well as advantages such as lower chair time and no damage to the gingival tissues.
Galectin-8 Modulates Innate and Adaptive Immune Response Genes in Bovine Neutrophils
Authors: Eluka-Okoludoh Eboghoye , Ekwemalor Kingsley , Adjei-Fremah Sarah , Mulakala Bharath , Worku Mulumebet
Published: January 2019

Galectins (Gals) are a family of animal lectins that bind β-galactosides through a carbohydrate recognition domain. Galectin-8 is a tandem-repeat galectin, secreted intracellularly and extracellularly. It is associated with neutrophil migration and has been studied as a possible therapeutic to combat inflammation. The objective of this study was to evaluate the translational and the transcriptional effects of recombinant Galectin-8 (rGal-8) on cow neutrophils. Blood was collected aseptically from Holstein-Friesian cows (n=10) from the North Carolina A&T State University Dairy Unit. Neutrophils isolated were treated with rGal-8 (2μg), or PBS (control) and were incubated at 37°C, 5% CO2 for 1 hour. Supernatant from treated neutrophils was evaluated for total protein concentration, and galectin-8 secretion using bovine Galectin-8 Enzyme Linked-Immuno-Sorbent Assay (ELISA) kit. Total RNA was extracted, reverse transcribed, and RT-qPCR was performed using the RT² Profiler Cow Innate & Adaptive Immune Responses Array with 84 genes. The Livak method was used to calculate transcript abundance and fold change (FC>2 considered significant). Total protein concentration increased (P=0.0361) after rGal-8 treatment compared to the untreated control. Galectin-8 secretion was not significantly different in control compared to treated group (P=0.5819). Out of the 84 genes, 81 genes were differentially expressed in response to rGal-8; 14 up-regulated, 5 down-regulated, 61 genes remained unchanged. Treatment with rGal8 induced the expression of IRF7. The top five up-regulated genes include FAS, CD40, CD86, IFNGR1, STAT1; down-regulated genes were TLR9, CD14, CCR6, TICAM1, and TLR1. Selected genes were probed to validate fold change; the levels of gene expression were comparable to data from RT2 array. Exposure of bovine neutrophils to rGal-8 modified expression of immune response genes. The functional significance of the change needs further studies.
IMPLIED AND DIRECT. REMARKS ON FEMINO-WORLDS OF MARIA PINIŃSKA-BEREŚ AND EWA PARTUM
Authors: Kostołowski Andrzej
Published: January 2019

Andrzej Kostołowski Veiled and Direct. Remarks About the Feminine Worlds of Maria Pinińska-Bereś and Ewa Partum The proposals of art by the internationally known: Maria Pinińska-Bereś (1931–1999) and Ewa Partum (b. 1945) have been emerging since the 1960s and 1970s as the successive steps driving through the shell of masculine domination in art. Owing to the power and coherence of the liberation endeavours, both artists have worked out their own forms of creativity. Through the individuality of feminine approaches they mani- fested in their statements some sort of model message, and at the same time a uniqueness in the way of using artistic means of expression. For the sculpturess and “performeress” Pinińska-Bereś entangled in the mul- ti-level dualism of the patriarchal domination and neo-avant-guarde free- dom, the method depended on showing psychoanalytically filtered depths through the veiled object allusions. For the relatively early emancipated and direct in her strong performances conceptual artist, Ewa Partum, the fusion of corporal presence with critical ideas was, and still is, important.
FEMINIST GAMES WITH AUTOBIOGRAPHY
Authors: Janiak Edyta
Published: January 2019

Edyta Janiak
The Feminist Games with Autobiography
The aim of the article is showing diverse ways of reception and descrip- tion of female autobiographies in the critical literary research. The au- thor devotes exceptional attention to the feminist researchers’ approach to these texts and the reading strategies proposed by them. Tracing the feminism – female autobiography relation makes it possible to perceive mutual influences and observe evolution of the emerging discourse of the feminist literary criticism.
Estetyka wobec feminizmu
Authors: Dziamski Grzegorz
Published: January 2019

When we talk today about women’s art, we think about three phemonena, quite loosely related. We think about feminist art, about the way that the feminist’s statements and demands were expressed in the creativity of Judy Chicago and Nancy Spero, Carolee Scheemann and Valie Export, Miriam Schapiro and Mary Kelly, and in Poland in the creativity of Maria Pinińska-Bereś, Natalia LL or Ewa Partum. We think about female art, the forgotten, abandoned, neglected artists brought back to memory by the feminists with thousands of exhibitions and reinterpretations. Lastly, we think about the art created by women – women’s art. However, we do not know and will never know, whether the latter two phenomena would develop without the feminist movement. What is more, it is about the first wave of feminism called “the equality feminism”, as well as the dominating in the second wave – “the difference feminism”. The feminist art was in the beginning a critique of the patriarchal world of art. In a sense it remains as such (see: the Guerilla Girls), yet today we are more interested in the feminist deconstruction of thinking about art, and thus the question arises: should feminism create its own aesthetics – the feminist aesthetics, or should it develop the gender aesthetics, and as a result introduce the gender point of view to thinking about art? In this moment the androgynous feminism regains its importance, one represented by Virginia Woolf, and referring – in the theoretical layer – to Freud as read by Lucy Irigaray. Freudism, which the feminists became aware of in the 1970s, is the only philosophical movement, which assumes a dual subject, that is, in the starting point assumes the existence of two subjects – man and woman, even if the woman is defined in a purely negative way, by the deficit, as a “not a man”. Freudism replaces the Cartesian thinking subject (consciousness) by the corporeal and sexual being, and forces us to re-think the Enlightenment beginnings of the European aesthetics.
Four new genera and five new species of 'Heterocypris' from Western Australia (Crustacea, Ostracoda, Cyprinotinae)
Authors: Halse Stuart A. , Martens Koen
Published: January 2019

Five new species in four new genera from Western Australia are described. All species have valve characters that are reminiscent of the genus Heterocypris Claus, 1892 and also have similar valve outlines, with highly arched valves. However, all species have a hemipenis morphology that is totally different from the typical form in Heterocypris. In Patcypris gen. nov. (with type species P. outback gen. et sp. nov.), the lateral lobe is large and shaped as a pickaxe, while the medial lobe is divided into two distal lobes. Trilocypris gen. nov. (with type species T. horwitzi gen. et sp. nov.) is characterised by a hemipenis that has three, instead of two, distal lobes. In Bilocypris gen. nov. (with type species B. fortescuensis gen. et sp. nov. and a second species, B. mandoraensis gen. et sp. nov.), the lateral lobe of the hemipenis is spatulate, rather than boot-shaped, and the medial lobe is bilobed. Billcypris gen. nov. (with type species B. davisae gen. et sp. nov.) has a large and sub-rectangular lateral lobe and a pointed medial lobe. We discuss the taxonomic value of the traditional and new morphological characters and speculate that the diversity of this cluster of genera and species may be greater than currently known.
Re-thinking comparative education and religion: temptations, traditions, and politics
Authors: Cowen Robert
Published: January 2019

This article opens by refusing some traditional ways to approach the theme of comparative education and religion-and-education. Partly, this is because some topics, in terms of religion and education, have been well covered. More generally, there is an explicit refusal of the clichéd assumption that ‘comparative education articles’ compare (e.g. education systems in Argentina and Australia, or in Brazil and Bolivia; and so on), juxtaposing narratives on any-old-topic which interests the writer, provided the narratives are about two or more different countries. Fortunately, some current changes in the ‘epistemic gaze’ of comparative education create new levels of theoretical difficulty and permit a break from the classic political equilibrium problem of the liberal secular state juggling education policy choices and juggling competing religious groups. Starting from a different axiom, a sketch of new possibilities is offered. The sketch is theoretically clumsy but it opens up a strategically different way to tell comparative education stories, of the kind which traditionally we have not tried to tell.  The conclusion of the article makes a guess about why religion and education might again become a major topic in comparative education.
The Reformation as a Religious, Political, and Educational Project
Authors: Winther-Jensen Thyge
Published: January 2019

This year, five hundred years ago, Martin Luther according to the legend nailed his 95 Theses on the church door in Wittenberg. The Theses, originally written in Latin, were translated into German. Thanks to the invention of the art of printing, “My Theses were truly through all of Germany” Luther later suggested. In a few years they triggered a religious and political transformation in the northern part of Europe, including Scandinavia. This transformation was later termed the Reformation. Today Christian churches rooted in the Reformation are spread all over the world.
Desarrollando métodos comparativos realistas críticos para investigar las religiones, los sistemas de creencias y la educación
Authors: Williams Chris
Published: January 2019

Education is increasingly implicated in religious and other ideological issues, but contributions from comparative education have been surprisingly rare. From the definition ‘belief-systems’, this paper reviews relevant comparative methodologies, and proposes that a ‘critical realist comparative’ approach can reduce methodological weaknesses. It concludes that ontology and epistemology can apply current perspectives on ‘fake-news’ and ‘fact checking’. The UNESCO ‘disarming history’ framework can encourage non-confrontational educational discussions and the participatory creation of curricula and teaching materials. Appropriate research frameworks entail locating studies in terms of people, places, and/or systems, and the methodologies for researching powerful people and organisations can improve data collection methods. Crowdsourcing research and online research, including big data, increase the scope of these methods. Diverse participation improves research, and the paper provides ideas for involving young people.
Educación comparada, Teología y PostRelativismo
Authors: García Ruiz Mª José
Published: January 2019

The phenomena of Globalization and Postmodernism have determined the need to overtake a readjustment of the epistemological corpus of the comparative discipline in Education, necessary to integrate the demands of such discourses in our academic field. Additionally, the resolution of the scientific vulnerabilities of Comparative Education, and the achievement of a postrelativistic phase in the construction of the discourse of our discipline, demand the competition of an interdisciplinary work in the construction of such discourse. Particularly overriding in the approach of the epistemological challenges mentioned, is the commitment of an interdisciplinary work with teleological sciences of education, that allow the foundation and settlement in solid basis of a fertile and stable comparative discipline, beyond the natural changes of successive historical cycles.
Culturas políticas asociativas en los contextos migratorios: Liderazgo, saberes y espacio público en la construcción de estrategias de acción colectiva
Authors: De la Pinta Sara
Published: January 2019

Este artículo analiza los marcos de la acción colectiva vinculadosa la capacidad de agencia dentro de las realidades transnacionales; entendiendocomo marcos de acción colectiva los «conjuntos de creencias y significados orientadosa la acción, que inspiran y legitiman las actividades y campañas de un movimientosocial» (Snow and Benford, 2000: 614). Para ello, hemos centrado nuestraatención en el tejido asociativo en los contextos migratorios y su discurso público,en un periodo de crisis económica y social para España. A través de nuestro análisis,llegamos a la conclusión de que, al igual que en otros nuevos movimientossociales y grupos de presión asociativos, los espacios de interlocución, los recursoscognitivos y la acción comunicativa adquieren un papel protagonista para laintervención en el espacio público, dentro de un movimiento asociativo que evidenciala actual descentralización del sujeto político (Mouffe, 1999: 31-32). Asimismo,se presenta una serie de bases conceptuales y teóricas sobre la convenienciade la aproximación a la acción colectiva desde los marcos de «la capacidad deagencia» en el estudio de las diferentes formas de configuración y expresión de lasculturas políticas asociativas.This article analyses the frameworks of collective action linked toagency capacity within transnational realities. We understand as “collective actionframeworks” the “action oriented sets of beliefs and meanings that inspire and legitimatesocial movement activities and campaigns” (Snow and Benford, 2000:614). For this, we have focused our attention on the associative structures in themigratory contexts and their public discourse. This study is contextualized in aperiod of economic and social crisis for Spain. Through our analysis, we concludethat, as in other new social movements and associative pressure groups, the spacesof interlocution, cognitive resources, and communicative action acquire a leadingrole for intervention in space public, within an associative movement that makesexplicit the current decentralization of the political subject (Mouffe, 1999: 31-32).Likewise, it is also presented a series of conceptual and theoretical bases that addressthe convenience of the frameworks approach in the stud
Poids et contrepoids : l’adhésion du Canada à la Convention américaine relative aux droits de l’homme
Authors: Rémy Quevedo Ariane
Published: January 2019

Depuis l’abolition des appels au Conseil privé britannique en matière criminelle et civile, respectivement en 1933 et en 1949, il n’existe plus d’instance internationale (autre que la Cour pénale internationale) exerçant une autorité sur la protection des droits individuels au Canada. Bien que le Canada dispose d’un des systèmes judiciaires les plus efficaces et solides au monde, il est sain de se questionner sur le renforcement de ses liens avec les organismes internationaux des Amériques, qui luttent pour la défense des droits de la personne. Cela est d’autant plus vrai si l’on se fie aux politiques adoptées sous la gouverne du président Donald Trump, qui contreviennent non seulement aux obligations fondamentales des États-Unis en matière de droits de la personne, mais causent d’énormes torts aux communautés vulnérables des sociétés d’ici et d’ailleurs. Dans ce contexte, il est pertinent de se demander si une adhésion potentielle du Canada à la Convention américaine relative aux droits de l’homme, qui autorise la Cour interaméricaine des droits de l’homme à recevoir des pétitions pour des violations des droits de la personne, serait bénéfique aux justiciables canadiens. Ce texte, au regard critique, a pour but d’analyser les répercussions possibles de l’adhésion du Canada à la Convention américaine ainsi que de présenter en preuve une liste d’arrêts et d’articles représentatifs de la situation actuelle devant la Cour interaméricaine afin d’enrichir le débat à ce sujet.
Ten Reasons Why Canada Should Join the American Convention on Human Rights
Authors: Duhaime Bernard
Published: January 2019

The present contribution seeks to present comprehensively ten reasons why Canada should join the American Convention on Human Rights and recognize the compulsory jurisdiction of the Inter-American Court of Human Rights.
Between International Integration and National Autonomy in Favour of Concrete Cases: The Italian Constitutional Court’s ‘Internationally Oriented Automatism’s Prohibition’ Doctrine
Authors: Perona Riccardo
Published: January 2019

This paper deals with a peculiar doctrine of the Italian Constitutional Court, the “prohibition of legislative automatisms,” which is used, in some judgments, in an internationally oriented form. My argument is that this doctrine can be seen as an effective legal and constitutional instrument operating in the “multi-level” scenario and namely in the framework of international systems and treaties of human rights protection. Indeed, it provides a good degree of flexibility and a good balancing point between international integration and national autonomy in light of the need to reach an adequate and “fair” solution in the concrete case and, therefore, in favour of the enhancement of human rights protection at the practical level.
Mexico’s Relationship with the Inter-American Court of Human Rights: Success or Failure?
Authors: Argente Villarreal Arturo , Sigmond Karen
Published: January 2019

This article describes Mexico’s path to the protection of human rights and its relation with the Inter-American Court of Human Rights. It analyzes two major cases against the Mexican Government (Castañeda Gutman and Gonzales et al “Cotton Field”) and the contrasting results from the decisions of the Court. It questions whether being a part of this regional Court has led to the further protection of human rights by examining the aftermath of each one of the mentioned cases. It also considers other factors that must be addressed in order to see an increase in the protection of human rights in this country.
The Emergence of a More Conventional Reading of the Conventionality Control Doctrine
Authors: Paúl Álvaro
Published: January 2019

The Inter-American Court of Human Rights developed a doctrine called conventionality control. In general terms, this doctrine is somewhat similar to the idea of judicial review of legislation, but applied in a transnational forum. According to the Court, conventionality control would require domestic judges and other bodies of States parties to the American Convention on Human Rights (ACHR) to depart from domestic legislation that runs counter to the ACHR or the Inter-American Court’s interpretation of the ACHR. Many scholars contend that the application of this doctrine should be carried out even if the domestic bodies that apply it have no constitutional power to do so. Others have a more restrictive interpretation and consider that domestic bodies would have to apply it to the extent of their power, according to their national constitutions. Apparently, the latter interpretation is gaining a wider support, which is desirable, because only this reading would be compatible with the principles of international law, and possibly accepted by all member States.
Límites en el ejercicio del control de convencionalidad y aplicación de estándares internacionales por tribunales estatales: El caso peruano
Authors: Loayza-Tamayo Carolina
Published: January 2019

El presente trabajo estudia el rol de los órganos de justicia peruanos en el respeto y garantía de los derechos humanos; analiza la aplicación por la judicatura peruana del control de convencionalidad y la observancia de los estándares establecidos por la Corte interamericana de derechos humanos, identificando los principios que aplica en dicha tarea como los principios pro-persona y de efecto útil, su rol en el cumplimiento de las sentencias de dicho tribunal, y su marco legal. Igualmente se analiza la aplicación por la judicatura peruana de los estándares internacionales establecidos en el Caso De La Cruz Flores al Caso de Luis Pollo Rivera y la supervisión de cumplimiento del Caso De La Cruz Flores (2004) vs Perú. Finalmente se cuestiona la interpretación que Perú realiza al invocar y/o aplicar estándares de la Corte interamericana de derechos humanos, en el ejercicio del control de convencionalidad y en el cumplimiento de sus sentencias.
Derechos de la infancia, adopciones irregulares y protección del vínculo familiar en el Sistema Interamericano de Derechos Humanos: Un análisis del Caso Fornerón e hija vs Argentina
Authors: Herencia Carrasco Salvador
Published: January 2019

El propósito de este artículo es realizar un análisis del Caso Fornerón e hija vs Argentina, decidido por la Corte Interamericana de Derechos Humanos en abril de 2012. Esta sentencia se centró en tres aspectos principales: (i) el interés superior del niño y de la niña, las garantías judiciales y la protección judicial en casos relativos al derecho de familia; (ii) el marco de protección del derecho internacional de los derechos humanos aplicable al vínculo entre padres e hijos; y (iii) el deber de implementar disposiciones de derecho interno para la protección del niño y de la familia en procesos de adopción.

El artículo se centrará en dos temas. En primer lugar, analizará el tratamiento de los derechos de la niña y del niño en el Sistema Interamericano de Derechos Humanos, particularmente en lo relativo al interés superior del niño en los procesos de adopción y la protección especial del vínculo entre el padre y la hija. La segunda parte analizará el tratamiento de la compraventa de niños en el Derecho Internacional de los Derechos Humanos, proponiendo algunas medidas que la Corte IDH pudo haber tomado en cuenta en este caso. Finalmente, se presentarán algunos desarrollos recientes del caso, así como algunas conclusiones y posibles repercusiones para una mayor protección de la niñez.
Miné de l’intérieur
Authors: Krück Marie-Pierre
Published: January 2019

Dans l’Histoire des Sévarambes (1677), utopie romanesque présentée comme un ouvrage d’histoire et de géographie, Denis Veiras recourt aux tropes attendus des récits de voyages, notamment celui de l’autopsie – le témoignage oculaire – pour avérer son récit. Toutefois, malgré sa prétention à la véracité, le récit est sans cesse ébranlé de l’intérieur, déstabilisé par les différentes voix qui le tissent et qui mettent en cause l’unité épistémologique du témoin ; par la présence du ouï-dire au coeur de la relation de première main ; par les éléments dystopiques qui minent subtilement ce monde parfait. Ces failles de crédibilité affectent tant l’ethnographie que l’historiographie de la relation du capitaine Siden et la frappent d’incertitude, un peu comme les Histoires d’Hérodote, l’inventeur de la notion d’autoptes, de témoin oculaire, et constamment soupçonné de mensonge dans son témoignage paradigmatique sur l’Égypte ancienne.
Le Testament de Philippe Fortin de La Hoguette entre témoignage sur soi-même et témoignage de l’esprit
Authors: Laliberté-Bouchard Louis
Published: January 2019

En dépit de son titre, le Testament de Philippe Fortin de La Hoguette ne paraît pas testamentaire, surtout comparé à la tradition littéraire, ironique et polémique, incarnée par François Villon. Pour rendre compte d’un tel texte, il faut momentanément abandonner le modèle notarial de la tradition satirique pour se tourner vers l’étymologie : celle du testis, qui fait du testateur un témoin, et celle de la testatio mentis, qui fait du testament un témoignage de l’esprit. Ce détour permet de constater d’une part l’avantage rhétorique de la posture testamentaire – où l’on ne peut mentir, et où, pour cette raison, le témoignage ne peut être contesté –, et d’autre part la liberté intrinsèque de cette forme d’écriture, dans laquelle le message du testateur devient un bien à part entière.
Faire peuple
Authors: Bastien Pascal , Mazeau Guillaume
Published: January 2019

Siméon-Prosper Hardy (1729-1806) est un ancien libraire de la rue Saint-Jacques, petit notable bien connu des circuits jansénistes. Adrien Duquesnoy (1759-1808) est député du Tiers-État aux États généraux réunis à Versailles en mai 1789. Les deux ont rédigé des centaines de pages de notes, d’observations, de témoignages et de récits d’événements sur lesquelles Pascal Bastien (Hardy) et Guillaume Mazeau (Duquesnoy) se sont penchés. Souvent présentés comme des « journaux », les manuscrits constituent surtout des notes à partager, par cahiers, lettres ou lectures publiques, dans les réseaux où l’un et l’autre s’inscrivent. Hardy est membre du district des Mathurins et a participé, en avril 1789, aux assemblées du Tiers-État : il suit donc les travaux de Versailles avec attention. Hardy et Duquesnoy offrent ainsi, dans un intéressant jeu de miroir, un regard sur Paris et Versailles. Sur les mêmes événements, les témoignages diffèrent largement et proposent une vision beaucoup plus complexe de la Révolution que celle à laquelle on l’a souvent réduite. En croisant leur récit parallèle de la Révolution, de mai à octobre 1789, il devient possible de comprendre le parcours, les regards et les temporalités différents, de deux « révolutionnaires ordinaires ». Un regard parallèle sur les pratiques d’écriture, sur la conscience historique et sur la citoyenneté vécue, sera ainsi présenté à travers l’écriture immédiate des premiers mois de la Révolution.
An assessment of the theoretical presuppositions of ethnomethodology
Authors: Hammersley Martyn
Published: January 2019

This chapter assesses the key theoretical presuppositions of ethnomethodology: that social order – interpreted as the intelligibility of coordinated patterns of action - is the central focus of sociological (and perhaps even of all social scientific) inquiry; that Parsons’ ‘analytical realism’ is false because order is observable routinely in everyday situations; that the meanings of social actions are locally variable and context-dependent (‘indexical’ and ‘reflexive’), rather than being determined by a semantic code; and that they are intelligible because they are self-identifying – their meaning is displayed and recognised by actors via shared methods or practices, in other words they are ‘accountable’. Ethnomethodology also involves some important methodological commitments: that for inquiry to be rigorous it must avoid reliance upon unexplicated resources, appealing only to what is observable or intersubjectively available; and the aim of rigorous social analysis must be literal description, rather than explanation or the production of theory: the task should be to ‘make visible’ members’ methods for the production of social phenomena. The conclusion reached in examining these arguments is that, while they relate to significant issues for social science, they exaggerate the intractability of the problems they identify. Moreover, ethnomethodology itself does not escape them.
‘To condole with me on the Commonwealth’s loss’: the widows and orphans of Parliament’s military commanders
Authors: Hopper Andrew
Published: January 2019

This chapter will examine how the Long Parliament and interregnum regimes treated the widows and orphans of their fallen military commanders. It will draw upon the petitions of the widows of the social elite, along with correspondence written by them or on their behalf. It will explore how elite war widows were able to mobilise networks of interest in their favour and the strategies they adopted to safeguard their families, livelihoods and estates. It will also analyse the conduct and deportment expected of elite war widows and the ways in which their self-fashioning sought to elicit favourable responses from authority. The chapter will compare and contrast the treatment of elite widows with those of the rank and file, as well as the widows of royalist officers petitioning for relief after 1660. It will conclude with an appreciation of how their involvement and sacrifice in a cause made some of these widows significant political figures.
Ten simple rules for better running.
Authors: Lortie Christopher J , Walshe Andy , Darling Hoby , Parker Jamie
Published: January 2019

Running is a popular and in many respects intuitive sport. Nonetheless, an extensive body of research literature supports and examines the science of running performance. Here, we used meta-analyses and systematic reviews directly associated with running performance to qualitatively describe ten simple rules for better running. Better running is defined as increases in speed, endurance, or reduced likelihood of injury. The general hypothesis topologically examined was that there is sufficient aggregated evidence to leverage effort and interventions for increased performance in running. This hypothesis was supported with significant big-picture evidence for several pillars of better running including training, recovery, and phenomenological levers specific to this sport. These trends are simplified into ten simple rules for runners and researchers alike.
Gender inequalities among authors who contributed equally
Authors: Broderick Nichole A , Casadevall Arturo
Published: January 2019

We analyzed 2898 scientific papers published between 1995 and 2017 in which two or more authors shared the first author position. For papers in which the first and second authors made equal contributions, mixed-gender combinations were most frequent, followed by male-male and then female-female author combinations. For mixed-gender combinations, more male authors were in the first position, although the disparity decreased over time. For papers in which three or more authors made equal contributions, there were more male authors than female authors in the first position and more all-male than all-female author combinations. The gender inequalities observed among authors who made equal contributions are not consistent with random or alphabetical ordering of authors. These results raise concerns about female authors not receiving proper credit for publications and suggest a need for journals to request clarity on the method used to decide author order among those who contributed equally.
TIAM-1/GEF can shape somatosensory dendrites independently of its GEF activity by regulating F-actin localization
Authors: Tang Leo TH , Diaz-Balzac Carlos A , Rahman Maisha , Ramirez-Suarez Nelson J , Salzberg Yehuda , Lázaro-Peña Maria I , Bülow Hannes E
Published: January 2019

Dendritic arbors are crucial for nervous system assembly, but the intracellular mechanisms that govern their assembly remain incompletely understood. Here, we show that the dendrites of PVD neurons in Caenorhabditis elegans are patterned by distinct pathways downstream of the DMA-1 leucine-rich transmembrane (LRR-TM) receptor. DMA-1/LRR-TM interacts through a PDZ ligand motif with the guanine nucleotide exchange factor TIAM-1/GEF in a complex with act-4/Actin to pattern higher order 4° dendrite branches by localizing F-actin to the distal ends of developing dendrites. Surprisingly, TIAM-1/GEF appears to function independently of Rac1 guanine nucleotide exchange factor activity. A partially redundant pathway, dependent on HPO-30/Claudin, regulates formation of 2° and 3° branches, possibly by regulating membrane localization and trafficking of DMA-1/LRR-TM. Collectively, our experiments suggest that HPO-30/Claudin localizes the DMA-1/LRR-TM receptor on PVD dendrites, which in turn can control dendrite patterning by directly modulating F-actin dynamics through TIAM-1/GEF.