bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
AN EXEMPLARY STUDY ON THE APPLICABILITY OF QUILTING CRAFT IN FASHION AND WEARABLE ART "THE MIRACLE OF METAMORPHOSIS"
Authors: FIÇICIOĞLU Ayşe
Published: September 2024

While contemporary production emphasizes speed and technology, it also retains a certain fascination with the traces of craft-centered living from the past. In this vein, designers in the fashion world have been integrating pieces into their collections that reference traditional crafts and reflect the qualities of handwork. These handmade elements, filtered through past traditions, can create design opportunities when handled with appropriate references within contemporary fashion and art. One such element is the art of quilting, a significant part of our culture, which offers contemporary possibilities for fashion with its aesthetics and propositions from the past. This study will examine how the art of quilting is handled within the context of design integrity. The two different lives of the dragonfly, which are featured in the exhibition "The Miracle of Metamorphosis," are expressed through design applications within the framework of wearable art. The study focuses on the first part of the exhibition, which tells the story of the dragonfly's first life, spent hidden under its shell underwater. The shell is conceptually considered as a quilt, a shield, and a shelter, with the meaning of "a covering, hiding, protecting, and sheltering cover." This work, expressed through the art of quilting, reflects the experiences of measurement and form in a way that is consistent with design integrity. It also demonstrates that the art of quilting, which is typically applied to two-dimensional surfaces, can be adapted to three-dimensional garment forms. Keywords: Wearable Art, Fashion, Quilting , Traditional Craft, Slow Fashion.
OPINIONS OF MUSIC EDUCATORS WORKING IN PUBLIC EDUCATION CENTERS ON THE COURSE PROGRAMS AND DURATIONS
Authors: AKIN Şükran , DÜNDAR Mehlika
Published: September 2024

Public education centers are among the institutions that attract great interest from individuals who want to receive music education in our country, and the demand for these institutions is increasing day by day. Music education in these institutions is provided through course programs determined by the General Directorate of Lifelong Learning. It is necessary to obtain the opinions of music educators, who can reach large audiences through public education centers, regarding course programs and durations in order to increase the quality of music education by making necessary improvements on the subject. The sample of the research consists of 30 volunteer music educators working in public education centers in the central districts of Ankara. The study is a qualitative study and a two-part semi-structured interview form consisting of demographic information and 2 open-ended questions was used to collect the data, prepared by taking two separate expert opinions. According to the research findings, it has been determined that music educators working in public education centers are mostly master teachers and a significant portion of them are graduates of fields other than music. According to the data obtained, it was determined that the majority of music educators found the course programs and durations inadequate. Keywords: Public Education Center, Music Education.
THE EXİSTENCE OF SECONDARY LONG VOWELS İN ALTAİ TURKİSH COMPARED WİTH DÎVÂNU LUGÂTİ'T-TÜRK
Authors: ÖZDİL Elif , GÖKÇE Hülya
Published: September 2024

There are 8 normal /a/, /e/, /ı/, /i/, /o/, /ö/, /ö/, /u/, /ü/ and 8 long vowels /aa/, /ee/, /ıı/, /ii/, /oo/, /öö/, /uu/, /üü/ in Altai Turkish. The frequency of use of /aa/, /ee/, /oo/, /öö/, /uu/, /üü/ is wider, while the frequency of use of /ıı/ and /ii/ is narrower, but there are examples where they are used. Altai Turkish has a significant number of long vowel formations that can be analysed in the historical process. Long vowel is expressed by the fact that the articulation time is longer than the normal vowel. Long vowels, which are handled under two headings according to their formation times, are divided into primary (‘original’) and secondary long vowels. Primary long vowels in Altai Turkish did not continue to exist regularly in the historical process like Yakut Turkish and Turkmen Turkish, but in this study, firstly, the examples of primary long vowels that have been preserved from the past to the present, identified as a result of the scanning study from the Altai Turkish dictionary, have been examined. Secondly, it is aimed to determine the existence of secondary long vowels that have formed as a result of contraction in the word structure in Altai Turkish from the Middle Turkish period to the present day, with the vocabulary found in Dîvânu Lugâti't-Türk. The aim of the study is to determine the secondary long vowels formed in the word as a result of contraction in Altai Turkish. The words identified from Altai Turkish Dictionary and Dîvânu Lugâti't-Türk vocabulary has been detected by using diachronic historical study method and scanning method. Keywords: Altai Turkish, Dîvânu Lugâti't-Türk, long vowels, primary long vowels, secondary long vowels.
HUBUNGAN KETON URINE DENGAN GLUKOSA DARAH PADA PASIEN DIABETES MELLITUS DI LABORATORIUM KLINIK PRODIA DENPASAR
Authors: Martini Niputu Pina
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT
Diabetes is a chronic metabolic disease characterized by increased blood glucose levels (hyperglycemia) caused by the pancreas not producing enough insulin for the body or the body experiencing insulin resistance. Too high glucose levels and a lack of the insulin hormone in diabetics can cause the body to use fat as an energy source. In the breakdown of fat, ketone are produced as a secondary product. If ketone produced in excessive amounts, it can be detected in the blood and urine (ketonuria). This study aimed to determine the relationship between urine ketones and blood glucose in patients with diabetes mellitus at the Prodia Denpasar clinical laboratory. The type of research used in this study was a non- experimental correlational with  cross sectional design. The sample used is secondary data of diabetic patients for a total of 33 with purposive sampling technique. The results showed a p value of 0.575 which means that there is a relationship between urine ketones and blood glucose in diabetes mellitus patients with a strong, unidirectional and significant correlation. 
Keywords: Diabetes Mellitus, Urine Ketone, Blood Glucose
 
ABSTRAK
Diabetes mellitus (DM) merupakan gangguan metabolisme kronis yang ditandai dengan tingginya kadar glukosa darah (hiperglikemia) karena pankreas tidak mampu memproduksi insulin atau tubuh resisten terhadap insulin Kadar glukosa yang terlalu tinggi dan kekurangan hormon insulin pada penderita DM menyebabkan tubuh menggunakan lemak sebagai sumber energi. Proses pemecahan lemak, akan menghasilkan badan keton yang jika berlebihan dapat dideteksi dalam darah dan urin (ketonuria). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan keton urine dengan glukosa darah pada pasien diabetes mellitus di laboratorium klinik Prodia Denpasar. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu non eksperimental korelasional dengan rancangan cross sectional. Sampel yang digunakan merupakan data sekunder pasien dengan diabetes mellitus sejumlah 33 pasien dengan teknik sampling purposive sampling. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan p value  sebesar 0,575 yang berarti terdapat hubungan keton urine dengan glukosa darah pada pasien diabetes mellitus dengan korelasi yang kuat, bersifat searah dan signifikan.
Kata Kunci : Diabetes Mellitus, Keton Urine, Glukosa Darah
GAMBARAN KADAR SERUM GLUTAMIC OXALOACETIC TRANSAMINASE (SGOT) PADA PENDERITA HIV YANG MENGGUNAKAN OBAT ANTIRETROVIRALDI KOTA KENDARI
Authors: Susanti Susanti , Yusuf Muh Ilyas , Ningsih Wahyu
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT
HIV patients’ need treatment with Antiretroviral (ARV) to reduce the number of HIV viruses in the body so as not to enter the AIDS stage, whereas people with AIDS need ARV treatment to prevent opportunistic infections with their complications. ARV drugs can causes an increase in liver enzymes in HIV patients’ who cause liver damage related to antiretoviral drug-related liver injury (ARLI). HIV starts with an acute infection that cannot be overcome by an adaptive immune response and causes complications or disorders of various organs of the body, one of them is liver. One important complication of HIV infection after pneumia and sepsis. Damage to liver cells will be followed by the removal of enzymes including SGOT and SGPT. This study aims to determine the description of SGOT levels to HIV patients’ who used antiretroviral drugs. The type of this study used descriptive and the technique of sampling used Accidental Sampling with 20 samples. Based on the results of this study of 20 patients, showed that HIV patients’ who has abnormal SGOT levels as much as 7 people(35%) male and 2 people(10%) female.
Keywords: Serum Glutamic OxaloaceticTransaminase (SGOT), Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)
ABSTRAK
Penderita HIV memerlukan pengobatan dengan Antiretroviral (ARV) untuk menurunkan jumlah virus HIV didalam tubuh agar tidak masuk kedalam stadium AIDS, sedangkan pengidap AIDS memerlukan pengobatan ARV untuk mencegah terjadinya infeksi oportunistik dengan berbagai komplikasinya. Obat ARV dapat menyebabkan peningkatan enzim hati pada penderita HIV yang menyebabkan kerusakan hati terkait obat antiretroviral (antiretoviral drug-related liver injury/ ARLI).Penyakit HIV dimulai dengan infeksi akut yang tidak dapat diatasi oleh respon imun adiptif dan menyebabkan komplikas I atau gangguan pada berbagai organ tubuh salah satunya organ hati.Salah satu komplikasi penting dari infeksi HIV setelah pneumia dan sepsis. Kerusakan sel-sel hati akan diikuti oleh pengeluaran enzim-enzim antara lain SGOT dan SGPT. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran kadar SGOT pada penderita HIV yang menggunakan obat antiretroviral. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian deskriptif dengan teknik pengambilan sampel secara Accidental Sampling dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 20 sampel. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian terhadap 20 sampel menunjukan bahwa penderita HIV yang memiliki kadar SGOT tidak normal sebanyak 9 orang (45% ), 7 orang (35%) pada jenis kelamin laki-laki dan 2 orang (10%)  pada perempuan.
Kata Kunci: Serum Glutamic OxaloaceticTransaminase (SGOT), Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)
HUBUNGAN INDEKS MASSA TUBUH DENGAN KADAR ALBUMIN PADA PENDERITA TUBERKULOSIS PARU YANG MENJALANI TERAPI OBAT ANTI TUBERKULOSIS (OAT) DI RUMAHSAKIT BENYAMIN GULUH KOLAKA
Authors: Balaka Kemal Idris , Apriyanto Apriyanto , Ishar Indriani
Published: September 2024

Albumin is one indicator of malnutrition (malnutrition), both at the beginning of the incidence of malnutrition and when repairs begin to occur. Tuberculosis is a contagious infectious disease caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which can attack various organs, especially the lungs. Tuberculosis itself, besides being able to affect the lungs can also affect the Body Mass Index. Because every decrease in body mass index occurs there is a decrease in albumin levels.This study aims to determine the relationship between the Body Mass Index and Albumin levels in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis who underwent OAT therapy at Benyamin Guluh Kolaka Hospital. This type of research is observational analytic using the Erba XL 100 cresol green bromine method with accidental sampling technique. The number of samples is 22 people.The results of the study of 22 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis patients who were taking anti-tuberculosis drugs (OAT) at Benyamin Guluh Kolaka Hospital obtained albumin levels in 13 men (59.09%) and 9 women (40.91%). After the correlation test was obtained, the p-value was 0.110 (p> 0.05), the hypothesis (H0) was accepted, namely there was no relationship between body mass index and albumin level in pulmonary tuberculosis patients at Benyamin Guluh Kolaka Hospital.
Keywords : Pulmonary Tuberculosis, Albumin
DETEKSI Non Tuberculosis Mycobacteria SAMPEL SPUTUM SUSPEK TUBERKULOSIS DENGAN TARGET GEN 16S rRNA
Authors: Darmo Kasmuddin , Eliyana Eliyana , Dekayana Arlitha
Published: September 2024

Tuberkulosis tidak hanya disebabkan oleh bakteri Mycobacterium tuberculosis akan tetapi tuberkulosis juga dapat terjadi karena beberapa infeksi dari bakteri Non Tuberculosis Mycobacteria. Penularan Non Tuberkulosis Mycobacteria pada manusia terutama didapat dari lingkungan, meskipun cara penularannya masih belum jelas. Kondisi kesehatan yang mendasari, seperti penyakit paru obstruktif kronik (PPOK), pneumokoniosis, bronkiektasis, riwayat TBC sebelumnya, fibrosis pasca radioterapi, aspirasi paru kronik, cystic fibrosis (CF), defisiensi imun, infeksi HIV, alkoholisme, kanker, dan diabetes melitus (DM) menimbulkan risiko signifikan terhadap infeksi dari bakteri Non Tuberculosis Mycobacteria. Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu untuk mendeteksi adanya Non Tuberculosis Mycobacteria dari sampel sputum suspek tuberkulosis dengan target gen 16 rRNA dengan menggunakan metode Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). Pengumpulan data hasil PCR berupa pita-pita DNA didokumentasikan dan ditentukan ukuran pasang basa gen 16S rRNA target 506 bp untuk mendeteksi Non Tuberculosis Mycobacteria, rv0577 target 705 bp untuk mendeteksi Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex dan RD9 target 369 bp untuk mendeteksi Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dari 15 sampel sputum suspek tuberkulosis, didapatkan 10 (66%) sampel positif yang teridentifikasi Non Tuberculosis Mycobacteria dan 1 (6%) sampel yang terdeteksi 3 jenis Mycobacterium yaitu Non Tuberculosis Mycobacteria, Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex, dan Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Key words: berisi 3 - 5 kata kunci (Non Tuberculosis Mycobacteria, gen 16 rRNA, Polymerase Chain Reaction.).
Pengaruh Jenis Pelarut terhadap Aktivitas Antioksidan Ekstrak Daun Ubi Ungu (Ipomea batatas L.)
Authors: Sernita Sernita , Rubak Boni , Srimayona Wa Ode
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT
Ethanol extract of purple sweet potato leaf contained secondary metabolite components, flavonoid and tannin. Flavonoids are polyphenol compounds that are widely distributed in plants as glycosides which bind to a sugar, therefore flavonoids are polar compounds. Polar solvents include methanol, ethanol, acetone and water. This research was conducted to determine the effect of extractor variation on the activity of antioxidant activity in purple potato sweet leaf extract (Ipomea batatas L.) Antioxidant activity of methanol extract, ethanol extract and acetone extract of purple sweet potato leaf was determined using DPPH method and vitamin C as a comparison with three replications. The results of the antioxidant activity determining showed that the average IC50 (Inhibitory Concentration) value of methanol extract was 52,52 mg/L; ethanol extract 30,82 mg/L; acetone extract was 9,86 mg/L and Vitamin C was 6.24 mg/L. Based on the results of One Way ANOVA and LSD analysis, the extractor variance give a significant effect on the antioxidant activity of purple sweet potato leaf extract.
 Keywords:Purple sweet Potatoes Leaf, Methanol Extract, Etanol Extract, Acetone Extract, DPPH. ABSTRAK
Ekstrak etanol daun ubi ungu positif mengandung komponen metabolit sekunder golongan flavonoid dan tannin. Flavonoid merupakan senyawa golongan polifenol yang terdistribusi luas pada tumbuhan dalam bentuk glikosida yang berikatan dengan suatu gula, karena itu flavonoid merupakan senyawa yang bersifat polar. Pelarut yang bersifat polar diantaranya metanol, etanol, aseton dan air. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui pengaruh jenis pelarut terhadap aktivitas senyawa antioksidan dalam ekstrak daun ubi ungu (Ipomea batatas L.). Aktivitas antioksidan pada ekstrak metanol, ekstrak etanol dan ekstrak aseton daun ubi ungu diuji dengan menggunakan metode DPPH serta vitamin C sebagai pembanding dengan tiga kali replikasi. Hasil uji aktivitas antioksidan menunjukkan nilai IC50 (Inhibitory Concentration) rata-rata ekstrak metanol daun ubi ungu sebesar 52,52 mg/L; ekstrak etanol daun ubi ungu sebesar 30,82 mg/L; ekstrak aseton daun ubi ungu sebesar 9,86 mg/L dan pembanding Vitamin C sebesar 6,24 mg/L. Berdasarkan hasil analisis One Way ANOVA dan Uji BNT, jenis pelarut memberikan pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap aktivitas antioksidan ekstrak daun ubi ungu.
Kata Kunci: Daun Ubi Ungu, Antioksidan, Ekstrak Metanol, Ekstrak Etanol, Ekstrak Aseton, DPPH
Maximum Power Point Tracking Controller Algorithm Based on the Artificial Neural Network for a Standalone PV Solar System
Authors:   1Research Team Energetic System and Efficiency, Alioune Diop University, Bambey-BP 30, Senegal00, Gueye D. , Ndiaye A. ,   2Faculty of science and technic, Cheikh Anta Diop University, Dakar-BP 5005, Dakar, Senegal, Diao A. , Ba A. , Ndiaye El. Mb. , Traore M.
Published: September 2024

This paper presents an optimization technique based on Artificial Neural Networks (ANN). This technique aims to extract the maximum power from a standalone solar photovoltaic (SPV) system with good precision, speed and robustness. A comparative study is carried out with the Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) control algorithms based on Perturbation and Observation (P&O) and Incremental Conductance (InC) to justify the performance of the proposed method. By a study of speed and precision, the simulation results show the effectiveness of the neural technique by a response time (Rt), Root Means Square Error (RMSE) and Means Absolute Error (MAE) of 26.75 ms and 0.4109 respectively. With no overshoot, the proposed method ensures an efficiency of 98.527 % compared to the classic techniques (P&O and InC) which respectively give 93.989 % and 89.894 %. In addition to these performances, the method based on the ANN retains better robustness than the P&O and InC with regard to meteorological variations by a good follow-up of the reference power.
LES PESTICIDES DANS LES EAUX SOUTERRAINES : CAS DU SOUS BASSIN DU MASSILI AU BURKINA FASO
Authors:   Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie de l’Environnement (LPCE), Traoré Hortense , Segda Bila Gérard ,   Laboratoire Dynamique des Espaces et des Sociétés (LDES), Dipama Jean-Marie
Published: September 2024

Cette étude se veut une contribution à la caractérisation de la qualité des eaux souterraines du sous bassin du Massili, par l’analyse des pesticides dans 40 échantillons d’eau de puits et de forages peu profonds. La méthode de la chromatographie en phase gazeuse, utilisant les chromatographes de type GC-HP5 (30 m, 0,25 mm, 0,25 µm) couplé avec le spectromètre de masse, et celle du type GC-µCDE (Optima-5MS 0,25 mm, 0,25 µm), ont permis de montrer que 77,5% des échantillons d’eau analysés sont contaminés par des résidus de pesticides. Le Penconazol, le Monocrotophos, le Triadimefon, le Propiconazol et le Cyfluthrin sont les molécules les plus fréquentes dans les échantillons d’eau prélevés. Les teneurs totales par échantillon pollué varient de 0,05 µgl-1 à 0,92 µgl-1. Ces concentrations totales sont en dessous de celle de la norme de l’Union Européenne et de l’Organisation Mondiale de la Santé qui est de 1 µgl-1. Cependant, ces eaux souterraines doivent faire l’objet de suivi, vu l’intensité des activités maraichères et agricoles menées à leur proximité. Des traces d’organochlorés tels que Aldrine, Heptachlore, Op’DDT, Cis-Heptachlore-Exo-Epoxide, 2,4’DDE, 4,4’-DDE et Endrine, interdits par la convention de Rotterdam, sont identifiées dans 7 échantillons d’eau. L’Heptachlore est détecté dans les échantillons Pabré Saint Joseph F1 et Laye F1, respectivement à des teneurs de 0,03 µgl-1 et 0,043 µgl-1. Ces teneurs sont légèrement au-dessus de la norme de l’Union européenne (0,03 µgl-1), dans les échantillons Pabré Saint Joseph F1 et Laye F1, respectivement à des teneurs de 0,03 µgl-1 et 0,043 µgl-1. Les résultats montrent que les nappes peu profondes du sous bassin du Massili sont exposées à la pollution aux pesticides utilisés dans les activités agricoles et maraichères
Study and validation of a fast ray tracing method to determine density flux for symmetric solar optical systems
Authors:   Laboratoire de Physique et de Chimie de l’Environnement (LPCE), Département de Physique, Unité de Formation et de Recherche en Sciences Exactes et Appliquées, BP 7021, Université Joseph KI–ZERBO, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, SANFO Stanislas , Bazyomo Serge Dimitri ,   aboratoire de Thermique et des Energies Renouvelables Departement de Physique, Unité de Formation et de Recherche en Sciences Exactes et Appliquées, BP 7021, Université Joseph KI–ZERBO, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, Daho Tizane , Ouedraogo Abdoulaye
Published: September 2024

In this research paper, a computational program called MCMRDF-3D, is developed and validated by comparison with a reference software. MCMRDF-3D is formulated on Multi-Ray Monte Carlo Method for the determination of the distribution of solar irradiation along the receiver of any solar- concentrating system that withstand translational or rotational symmetries. This code incorporate an advantageous approach that consist in estimating the overall distribution of irradiation of a large scale solar concentrating systems on the basis of a consistent sample, then saving computation time, processor capacity and storage memory. The paper presents the new approach and applied it to determine the distribution of irradiation provided by three concentrators. We compare the processing time, the irradiation map rendering, and the size of numeric data, to those provided by a Reference software. The obtained irradiation distribution and power harvesting quantities over the receiver matches very well. We conclude that MCMRDF-3D proves to easy, fast, accurate and reliable approach for the simulation of solar concentrator system. Among other implications, this work opens a path for saving time when studying numerous symmetrical imaged and non-imaged optical systems. For future work, this time saving and flexible program will be of a significant help to envision optical errors from real behavior of optical surface in concentrating systems.
INVESTIGATION OF USAGE OPPORTUNITIES OF DIFFERENT PROPORTIONS OF WHEY AND CHIA SEED FLOUR IN BUTTERMILK
Authors: Yüce Özer Nilay , Can Özlem Pelin
Published: September 2024

In this study, it was aimed to obtain a functional beverage with high nutritional value by using whey and chia seed flour in the production of ayran. In addition to its high nutritional value, while preventing whey from causing environmental pollution as a waste material, it is aimed to obtain a new dietary product with chia seed flour containing 34-40g fiber per 100g, antioxidant, omega-3 fatty acid and rich protein content. Experimental ayran samples were prepared by adding whey and chia seed flour at different rates. K (Ayran), K2 (Ayran + 1% Chia seed flour), K3 (Ayran + 0,5% Chia seed flour , Group 1(Ayran (75%) + Whey (25%) + 1% Chia seed flour), Group 2 (Ayran (75%) + Whey (25%) + 0,5% Chia seed flour), Group 3 (Ayran (50%) + Whey (50%) + 1% Chia seed flour), Group 4 (Ayran (50%) + Whey (50%) + 0,5% Chia seed flour) were kept at +4 ̊C and their physical, chemical and sensory properties were examined on the 1st, 3rd, 5th, 7th and 14th days. In the experimental ayran samples we researched, the use of whey and chia seed flour was found to have a significant effect on psychrophilic bacteria count (log cfu/ml), coliform group bacteria (log cfu/ml), yeast-mold count (log cfu/ml), lactobacil spp. (log cfu/ml) and lactococ spp. (log cfu/ml), pH, acidity (lactic acid), water-soluble dry matter (%), serum separation (%), color values (L*, a*, b*) and sensory properties (p
Potential of Heavy Metals and Microplastics Contamination in River Mpanga, Fort Portal, Kabarole District, Uganda
Authors: Nyakoojo C. , Kabiswa W. , Najjuma E. , Matovu P. , Ocaya H.
Published: September 2024

Anthropogenic environmental pollution is a major development challenge in Ugandan rivers and lakes, the key drivers being industrialization, agriculture, and urbanization. The aim of the study was to assess the potential of heavy metal and microplastic contamination in River Mpanga, Fort Portal, Uganda. Triplicate water and sediment samples were collected from three sampling sites, preserved, and analyzed at the Chemistry Department, Makerere University for heavy metals, while microplastics analysis was conducted at NaFIRRI, Jinja. Sediment heavy metal contamination was assessed from the geoaccumulation index, while microplastic characterization and quantification were determined from stereomicroscopy and morphological features. Arsenic was the most prevalent metal with a mean concentration of 13.2 ppm thus higher than permissible maximum limits of WHO. The mean concentrations (ppm) of copper, lead, and cadmium were 0.01, 0.01, and 0.001 respectively, and below the permissible maximum. Sediment samples revealed very strong arsenic contamination, strong contamination for copper, moderate to strong contamination for lead, and a potential lack of contamination for cadmium. The higher concentrations of the heavy metals in the sediments compared to water could be attributed to bioaccumulation, as evidenced by the high geoaccumulation values. Microplastics occurred throughout the river and included fragments, filaments, film, pellets, form, and fibers. The presence of heavy metals and microplastics was attributed to anthropogenic activities within the river vicinity, which discharged heavy metal-laden waste into River Mpanga. High arsenic concentrations and sediment accumulation of contaminants pose serious potential public health threats to the local communities.
Production of Amylase by Solid State Fermentation Using Agricultural Waste
Authors: Morbia M. M. , Pandey A. A. , Mahla P. K. , Gohil S. N.
Published: September 2024

This study presents a comprehensive investigation into the production of amylase, a crucial enzyme with wide-ranging industrial applications, using locally sourced substrates from Kachchh, Gujarat. The research employed the Bacillus licheniformis strain and substrates such as coconut, rice husk, wheat bran, paddy straw, and maize straw. The study found paddy straw to be the most promising substrate for amylase production. The research also systematically optimized various process parameters for amylase production in Solid-State Fermentation (SSF) using the One Variable at a Time (OVAT) method. These parameters included incubation period, temperature, inoculum level, additional carbon sources, starch concentrations, additional nitrogen sources, initial pH, different mineral salt ions, initial moisture level, and surfactants. The results showed that the optimal conditions for maximum amylase yield were an incubation period of 48 hours, an incubation temperature of 35°C, an inoculum level of 10%, starch as the additional carbon source, a starch concentration of 2.5%, yeast extract as the additional nitrogen source, an initial pH of 7, NaCl as the mineral salt, an initial moisture level of 75%, and Tween 80 as the surfactant. This research provides a reliable and sustainable approach to enzyme production, offering valuable insights for the optimization of the solid-state fermentation process for maximum amylase production.
Assessing Heavy Metal Accumulation in Urban Plants: Implications for Environmental Health and Traffic-Related Pollution in Al-Diwaniyah City, Iraq
Authors: Alabadi Luma Abdalalah Sagban , Alawsy Wafaa Sahib Abbood , AL-jibury Dunya A.
Published: September 2024

This study aimed to compare the ability of five plant species, including (Conocarpus erectus, Acacia sensu lato (s.l.), Melaleuca viminalis, Dodonaea viscosa and Lantana camara) to absorb and accumulate heavy elements in their tissues, which were grown in the central islands in the city of Diwaniyah. This included areas of street in front of the medical college, Umm Al Khail First Street, Umm Al-Khail Street, near Abbas Attiwi Bridge, Al-Adly Street in the Euphrates District, and Clock Field Street, respectively. Results showed that soil samples S1 and S3 were contaminated by Pb, and the rest of the sites were contaminated with nickel only. This indicates through the table findings a rise in these heavy metals’ concentrations with a rise in traffic momentum. Thus, the Pb concentrations in the growing plants’ shoot parts with respect to this research had surpassed the allowed critical limit of 5.00 mg.kg-1 dry matter, in which the highest value was recorded at the site with respect to S3 as well as S2. Meanwhile, the findings indicate that Cd concentrations in S3 and S1 had increased and exceeded the allowable limit of 0.20 mg.kg-1 dry matter. In the meantime, the nickel concentrations were within the permissible limits of 67.90 mg.kg-1 dry matter. The Zn concentration exceeded the permitted limits of 60.00 mg.kg-1 dry matter except for plants (Acacia s.l. and Lantana camara) in sites S5 and S2. The results confirmed that the values of Heavy Metals Bioaccumulation Coefficient (BAC) for most of the study elements had recorded the highest value in the Dodonaea plant for Zn, Cd, and Pb, except for Ni. It was more accumulated in the Melaleuca viminalis plant, which indicates the superiority of the Dodonaea plant in accumulating Pb, Cd, and Zn over the rest of the study plants, as they took the following order: Lantana camara < Acacia s.l. < Conocarpus erectus < Melaleuca viminalis < Dodonaea viscosa. The best plants accumulated nickel in the following order: Acacia s.l. < Lantana camara < Conocarpus erectus < Dodonaea viscosa < Melaleuca viminalis.
Evaluating the Stages of Environmental Pollution and Vital Indicators in the Qayyarah Refinery Area, Mosul, Iraq
Authors: Saeed Juomana Jabbar , Hasan Maryam Jasim , Mohammed Ati Estabraq , Ajmi Reyam Naji , Latif Abdalkader Saeed , Rasheed Hala Ahmed
Published: September 2024

Oil spills can have varying degrees of impact on the aquatic environment depending on factors such as the type of oil spilled, the volume released, and the ecosystem affected because crude oil and refined petroleum contain harmful substances such as hydrocarbons, heavy metals, and toxic chemicals. When released into the water, these substances can have immediate and long-term effects on marine life. This research aims to find the factors affecting the degree of pollution from oil spills on the aquatic environment and the areas adjacent to the Qayyarah refinery in northern Iraq. Combines the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method and the analytical hierarchy process to evaluate the degree of pollution from oil spill incidents in the areas adjacent to the refinery. The statistical analysis showed that there were statistically significant differences and that the value of the correlation coefficient was positive between exchanged cadmium, residual cadmium, exchanged lead, where the lead exchange rate ranged correlation coefficient at a minimum R² 0.674 and a clear increase in the number of bacteria indicating contamination the total number of bacteria coli, fecal coliform bacteria, and fecal strep bacteria (where the numbers of coliform bacteria ranged 102 × 102- (cells/011 mL, and fecal coliform bacteria were between 160 × 102 cells/011 mL. These rates are environmental and vital indicators of the presence of significant levels of organic pollution and evidence of the presence of microorganisms dangerous to the health of residents and living organisms.
Assessment of Microplastic Pollution in Fresh Fish and Pindang Fish and its Potential Health Hazards in Coastal Communities of Banyuwangi Regency, Indonesia
Authors: Sulistyorini Lilis , Arfiani Novi Dian , Rizaldi Muhammad Addin , Lutpiatina Leka , Samad Nurul Izzah Abdul
Published: September 2024

This study aimed to analyze the microplastic contamination of fresh and pindang fish and its health impact on the coast of Muncar, Banyuwangi Regency, Indonesia. In this study, a total of 115 respondents participated, providing questionnaire data on their fish consumption habits and health problems. Subsequently, spearman’s correlation coefficient, a non-parametric statistical test, was used to analyze the questionnaire data. This study also included 100 samples of marine fish, consisting of 89 fresh fish and 11 pindang fish from various types of marine species. The content of microplastic polymers detected through FTIR (Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy) was around 3-5 microplastic polymers/fish samples, and the most dominant were Polyethylene, Polyester, Polycaprolactam (Nylon 6) and Polyamide. This study showed that 94 percent of fish samples contained microplastics and only 6 percent of samples did not contain microplastics. The intensity of pindang fish consumption was positively correlated with respondents’ health symptoms and problems. Subsequently, implementing effective waste management systems and educational programs in the coastal areas is crucial in reducing the pollution of seawater resulting from inadequate waste disposal practices.
Effects of Rainfall Intensity, Kinetic Energy and Slope Angle to the Upslope, Downslope, and Lateral Slope Components of Splash Erosion in Hillslope Agriculture: A Case in Badiangan, Ajuy, Iloilo
Authors: Cruz Shevanee Ruth G. dela , Fornis Ricardo L.
Published: September 2024

This study was conducted in Barangay Badiangan, Ajuy, Iloilo City, Philippines (11°10’N, 122°58’E) to determine the effects of rainfall intensity and other rainfall-derived parameters on the directional components of splash erosion in hillslopes. There are five experimental set-ups with slope angles ranging from 0% to 48% were tested under natural rainfall conditions using a modified splash collector. The data collected shows that kinetic energy, slope, and rainfall intensity have shown significant effects on splash erosion. The models obtained using regression analysis are 𝑄𝑄𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑=0.0093(𝐾𝐾𝐾𝐾0.80) and 𝑄𝑄𝑡 𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡=0.060(𝐾𝐾𝐾𝐾0.107)(𝑆𝑆0.700)(𝐼𝐼200.700) . The model equation performance has been validated using the Standard Error of Estimates with values of 12 and 9.4 for splash detachment and splash transport, respectively. The constants used for kinetic energy in detachment and slope in transport align with the research by Quansah (1981) for sandy soil, which is similar (the characteristics) to the soil at our research site. Additionally, rainfall intensity, especially with a 20-min duration, generated the best model as it yielded the lowest SEE value for all cases.
Microbes Breaking Down Plastic: Insights for Sustainable Waste Management
Authors: Patel C. J. , Kansagara R. H. , Modi D. V. , Dudhat N. J. , Sojitra K. H. , Babaria D. M.
Published: September 2024

This research investigates the microbial degradation of low-density polyethylene (LDPE) and high-density polyethylene (HDPE) plastics by Bacillus sp., Proteus sp., Pseudomonas sp., and Salmonella sp. The study employs a systematic approach, isolating microorganisms from plastic-contaminated soil and subjecting them to a series of biochemical tests for identification. The research evaluates the weight loss of LDPE and HDPE over two months, revealing varying degrees of degradation among the bacterial strains. Results suggest a potential greater susceptibility of HDPE to microbial degradation. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) analysis provides high-resolution images of the plastic surface, indicating structural changes and biofilm formation during degradation. The findings highlight the unique enzymatic capabilities of each strain and underscore the significance of SEM in elucidating microbial interactions with plastics. The study prompts discussions on optimization, synergistic effects, and the identification of key enzymes in plastic degradation, emphasizing the importance of microbial strategies for waste management. Overall, this research contributes valuable insights into the potential of bacterial strains for addressing plastic pollution challenges.
Investigation of Rosemary Oil as Environmentally Friendly Corrosion Inhibitor of Aluminum Alloy
Authors: Kamarska K. V.
Published: September 2024

The inhibitory effect of Rosemary oil on the corrosion of aluminum alloy EN AW-2011 in 1M H2SO4 solution was studied by weight loss and electrochemical methods such as open circuit potential (OCP), linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) and linear polarization resistance (LPR). The inhibition efficiency increases with increasing the concentration and shows maximum inhibition efficiency (70.7 %) at optimum concentration (0.05 g.L-1). The linear polarization resistance measurements show that the presence of Rosemary oil in 1M H2SO4 solution influences polarization resistance increasing and corrosion current decreasing. The voltammetric curve shows that Rosemary oil reduces the anodic process. Open circuit potential results confirmed that organic compounds present in Rosemary oil can form a protective layer on aluminum surfaces. The inhibitive effect was probably caused by the adsorption of organic compounds such as 1,8-cineole, α-pinene, borneol, limonene, and myrcene on aluminum surfaces which are non-toxic and environmentally friendly. This study showed that the essential oil of Rosemary could be used as an environmentally friendly inhibitor of the corrosion of alloy EN AW-2011 in an acidic medium.
Nephrotoxicity of Cylindrospermopsin (CYN) and Microcystin-LR (MC-LR) on Mammalian Kidney: Wistar Rat as a Model Assessment
Authors: Abeysiri H.A.S.N. , Wanigasuriya J.K.P. , Suresh T.S. , Beneragama D.H. , Manage P.M.
Published: September 2024

Naturally derived cyanotoxins, cylindrospermopsin (CYN), and microcystin-LR (MC-LR) have shown hepatotoxic and nephrotoxic effects in several studies. The present study aimed to determine the possible nephrotoxicity of MC-LR and CYN on mammalian kidneys using male Wistar rats as an animal model. Potential nephrotoxicity was evaluated at different doses of CYN (0.175 μg.kg-1, 0.140 μg.kg-1, 0.105 μg.kg-1) and MC-LR (0.105 μg.kg-1, 0.070 μg.kg-1, 0.035 μg.kg-1) was observed. Water samples from dug wells contaminated with CYN (0.161 μg.kg-1) and MC-LR (0.091 μg.kg-1) from the Padaviya area in Anuradhapura, Sri Lanka were used as environmental samples. The control groups were treated with distilled water. The exposure time of rats to the toxin was 90 days. Evaluation of urinary creatinine, serum creatinine, and Kidney Injury Molecule-1 (KIM-1) were estimated using standard protocols. A significant increase in serum creatinine levels was observed in all CYN and MC-LR treated groups (p<0.05) after 7 and 42 days of exposure, respectively, compared to control. It was found a decrease of urine creatinine when rats were treated with different concentrations of CYN and MC-LR (p<0.05) after 7 days compared to the control. The highest KIM-1 concentrations were recorded at 0.175 μg.kg-1 of CYN and 0.105 μg.kg-1 of MC-LR. The concentrations of KIM-1 in the control groups for CYN-treated and MC-LR-treated were not detected. Luminal protein, nuclear pyknosis, mild tubular epithelial swelling, vascular congestion, and interstitial inflammation in CYN and MC-LR treated groups were common. No predominant changes were observed in the control groups treated with CYN and MC-LR. The results of the present study confirm that the consumption of CYN and MC-LR-contaminated water may lead to kidney injury in Wistar rats.
Effects of Carbon Dioxide and Nitrogen Oxides on Climate Change in Afghanistan
Authors: Khan Mairaj
Published: September 2024

Climate change is a global threat to the environment and human health. Two of the main greenhouse gases that cause the greenhouse effect and raise global temperatures are carbon dioxide and nitrogen oxides. In this review paper, we investigated the effects of carbon dioxide and nitrogen oxides on climate change and the effects of climate change on Afghanistan. We found that high concentrations of carbon dioxide, which is now CO2 levels, have increased by 50% than before the Industrial Revolution, contributing to a rise in global temperature and precipitation. At the same time, Nitrous oxide is an important greenhouse gas, with 310-fold higher potential for global warming than CO2 and leads to the depletion of stratospheric Ozone and other Nitrogen oxides, has a significant impact on plant health, including effects on chlorophyll levels, oxidative stress, and antioxidant responses. Afghanistan’s climate change is predicted to increase the country’s prevalence of illnesses linked to dust storms and poor air quality, especially in Kabul, the nation’s capital. In addition, air pollution in Kabul is also likely to increase as a result of climate change. The alarming impacts of air pollution, with more than 3,000 deaths attributed to air pollution annually. Additionally, at least 700,000 individuals in Kabul have experienced various respiratory diseases. Due to climate change, Afghanistan’s total glacier area has shrunk by 13.8%. In 2023, Afghanistan experienced early snow melt and below-average precipitation, causing second-season and irrigated crops to have less access to water. Reducing emissions and coping with the changing climate are essential steps towards tackling the complex issues these gases present and their wider effects on the environment and human health.
Discussion of Projects for the Development of the Amudarya Flotilla by the Russian Government at the Turn of the 19th–20th centuries
Authors: Toktamysov Saken Zh.
Published: September 2024

The article examines the approaches of government departments regarding the development of private shipping on the Amu Darya, emphasizing the importance of the Amu Darya waterway in the context of the development of the Central Asian regional transit potential at the turn of the 19th–20th centuries. The work also analyzes the financial indicators of this infrastructure project, its impact on strengthening the position of the Russian Empire on the territory of the southern Central Asian frontier. The author noted key role of the Military Department in the discussion and implementation of the Amudarya flotilla project, the contradictory approaches of government structures regarding private shipping projects, which ultimately led to the lack of a decision on this issue. The author concluded that, during the discussion of this water transport project, due to the uncertainty of many of its aspects and the unsettled financial issues the model of attracting private investors to its implementation was not accepted by the state. At the same time, due to geostrategic and economic reasons, the Amudarya flotilla remained important for the Military Department even in a situation of increasing budgetary unprofitability of this project. The main provisions and conclusions of the work may be of interest to historians specializing in economic history and orientalists studying the region of Central Asia and the Middle East.
Economic Ties of Russian Settlers and Native Population of Turkestan in the end of the 19th – the beginning of the 20th Centuries
Authors: Tsyryapkina Yulia N.
Published: September 2024

The article analyses the issues of reclaiming of Turkestan by the Russian empire in the second half of the 19th – the beginning of the 20th century by means of creating in the region administrative and military structures as well as by organizing Russian migrant settlements. It was revealed that in the process of organization of urban and rural settlements Turkestan authorities took aim at keeping a distance between native and migrant population. The article characterizes the conditions of granting land parcels for Russian settlers, the different categories and the number of countrymen coming to Turkestan.
The article demonstrates various forms of economic interaction of settlers and native people in agricultural activities, everyday life, etc. An accent is put on the changes in the organization of living space under the influence of Turkestan climate peculiarities, different methods of managing agricultural food crops and commercial crops (cotton); the issues of irrigational activities, adoption of farm equipment and particular aspects of everyday life are being analyzed.
The author makes a note that the interaction mostly took place in the economic and material spheres, and had fragmentary and episodic character that didn’t lead to cardinal changes in the life of Russian settlers’ community and native people.
Religious and Educational Activities of the Tatars in the Turgai Region at the Second Half of the 19th – Beginning of the 20th Centuries
Authors: Makhmutov Zufar A.
Published: September 2024

In the article the author for the first time analyzes legislative, religious and educational activities of Tatars in the Turgai region on the basis of archival, periodic, statistical sources. This ethnic minority activity is interesting from the point of view of studying the problem of interaction between the empire, the mobile diaspora and the local population in the context of the frontier modernization process. The aim of the study is to identify the main results of religious and educational activity of the Tatar population in the region. The author comes to the conclusion that the main directions of religious-educational work were missionary activities of Tatars in Kazakh auls, construction of mosques, functioning of mektebs and madrasas, theaters, libraries, public Muslim organizations, attempts to publish books, brochures and newspapers. Many of these initiatives were strongly opposed by the empire. The result of the activities of the Tatar population was not only the maintenance of ethno-cultural diversity, but also a versatile influence on the Kazakhs manifested in the religious, cultural, political sphere and in the formation of a multi-ethnic (Tatar-Kazakh) Muslim socio-cultural space of the empire, which became part of the global Islamic network community. The Tatars spread the ideas of Jadidism and became competitors of the Russians in familiarizing the local population with European culture and pedagogy. The article is intended for specialists in the field of history of Kazakhstan, Islam, Tatars, national policy of the Russian Empire.
Historical Welfare Dynamics of the USSR Republics in the Light of Anthropometric Data: Convergence or Divergence?
Authors: Verniaev Igor I.
Published: September 2024

The historiography of the dynamics of well-being in Soviet republics remains a subject of discussion, particularly with regard to the patterns of convergence or divergence in living standards and the stages at which these processes were predominant. A variety of socio-economic indicators are employed for assessment, including GDP per capita, real incomes, public expenditure, consumption, housing provision, and life expectancy. However, the sources utilized for the study of these parameters are often imperfect.
In recent decades, anthropometric data have been employed as an indicator of well-being. Historical anthropometry has demonstrated that average human height (stature) serves as a sensitive and comprehensive measure of biological well-being. The objective of this article is to examine the processes of convergence and divergence in the well-being of Soviet republics through the lens of anthropometric data.
The findings indicate that while the early decades of the USSR were characterized by convergence in average height and biological well-being, the last decades were characterized by the intensification of divergence among the Soviet republics. Inequality increased between the western and southeastern regions of the USSR. The conclusions derived from anthropometric data are supplied by other indicators and factors of well-being. The analysis highlights the significance of demographic models and sociocultural factors, alongside government policies, in influencing trends of convergence and divergence.