bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The influence of skill and task complexity on perception of nested affordances
Authors: Seifert Ludovic , Dicks Matt , Wittmann Frieder , Wolf Peter
Published: August 2021

This study investigated how skill level and task complexity influence the calibration of perception–action and particularly how close an individual acts relative to his or her maximal action capabilities. Complexity was manipulated between two (Touch, Grasp) and more than two (Removing, Moving Up) nested affordance conditions. For all conditions, we examined whether advanced climbers had greater maximal action capabilities than intermediate climbers or whether they better scaled their action (i.e., acted nearer to their maximal action capabilities) or both. Eleven intermediate and 11 advanced male climbers were first asked to estimate the maximum distance that they could reach a climbing hold. The hold was moved along a slide and fixed once requested by the participant; subsequently, the distance to the starting hold was measured. After each estimation, the participant was required to execute the climbing action. After four estimation-action trials in each of the four conditions, the maximal action capability (i.e., actual maximal reaching distance) was determined. Advanced climbers demonstrated greater actual maximal reaching distances than intermediate climbers for all conditions, but they only estimated greater maximal reaching distances for the more complex conditions, which featured more than two nested affordances. When estimated maximal reaching distances were scaled to actual maximal reaching distances, advanced climbers did not differ from intermediate climbers for any condition, and there were no differences between conditions. Our findings indicate that expertise was a function of greater action capabilities, but not due to the accuracy of calibration.
GROUP B STREPTOCOCCAL INFECTIONS DURING PREGNANCY AND PERINATAL CONSEQUENCES: WHAT DO WE NEED TO DETERMINE MORE THAN A BACTERIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS?
Authors:   “Carol Davila“ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania, Simionescu Anca A. ,   Filantropia Clinical Hospital, Bucharest, Romania, Stanescu Ana Maria Alexandra ,   “Carol Davila“ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
Published: August 2021

Group B of streptococcal infection is responsible for maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. Fetal consequences of streptococcal B infection may lead to puerperal sepsis, meningitis, encephalitis or pneumonia. Long-term consequences may determine neurological sequelae and mental disabilities, and very rare are reported cases for the late death of the child. Maternal consequences of streptococcal B infection are endometritis and sepsis. Universal screening and antibioprophylaxy during labour are safe and effective. But, systematic intrapartum prophylaxis for carriers of SGB does not appear to have effects on long-term complications. Also, systematic cultures in neonates do not appear to detect antenatally all carriers of streptococcus B. Herein, we present the particularity of streptococcal infection in pregnancy that may contribute to further strategy. Better laboratory tests for identifying serotypes, genotypes and phenotypes must be available, significantly to differentiate between dtreptococcal high- and low-risk regarding materno-fetal consequences.Immunization remains a promising way to eradicate this infection.
COMPARISON OF ANTIMICROBIAL EFFECT OF VARIOUS OILS MIXED WITH ZINC OXIDE – AN EX VIVO, IN VITRO STUDY
Authors:   Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Kannur Dental College, Kannur, Kerala, India, Peedikayil Faizal C. , Ansari Akhila ,   Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Kannur Dental College, Kannur, Kerala, India, TP Chandru ,   Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Kannur Dental College, Kannur, Kerala, India, Kottayi Soni ,   Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Kannur Dental College, Kannur, Kerala, India, TP Aparna ,   Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Kannur Dental College, Kannur, Kerala, India, Ismail Shabnam ,   Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Kannur Dental College, Kannur, Kerala, India
Published: August 2021

Background. Success of endodontic treatment depends on complete elimination and various factors such as the antimicrobial activity of the obturating materials. Therefore a study was conducted to find the most prevalent species in the infected canals of primary teeth and to compare the antimicrobial effect of zinc oxide with various oils against most prevalent root canal pathogens. Materials and method. The study was conducted on 100 children in the age group of 3 to 12 years with infected root canal in primary teeth. The sample was subjected to various microbiological analysis to identify the colonies. Following identification, the most common organism was taken and antimicrobial activity of zinc oxide eugenol, zinc oxide with coconut oil, zinc oxide with peppermint oil, zinc oxide with cinnamon oil, zinc oxide with tea tree oil on plates were tested. The zone of inhibition was measured and datas were tested for statistical significance. Results. Enterococcus faecalis was the most prevalent organism. It was seen that zinc oxide with tea tree oil had shown maximum antimicrobial activity against Enterococcus faecalis followed by zinc oxide with coconut oil, zinc oxide with peppermint oil, zinc oxide with cinnamon oil and zinc oxide with eugenol. Conclusions. The study shows that Enterococcus faecalis was the most prevalent microbe in the infected root canals of primary molars. Zinc oxide with oil mixtures also has shown significant antimicrobial activity against Enterococcus faecalis when compared to zinc oxide eugenol.
HEPATITIS B: KNOWLEDGE, AWARENESS, VACCINATION AND SEROLOGICAL STATUS OF VOCATIONAL SCHOOL OF HEALTH SERVICES STUDENTS AT A STATE UNIVERSITY IN TURKEY
Authors:   Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta Vocational School of Health Services, Medical Services and Techniques Department, Isparta/Turkey, Aydemir Demet Hançer
Published: August 2021

Aim. In this study, the aim is to evaluate the knowledge level about hepatitis B (HBV) of the students receiving education in vocational school of health services, who are a risky group for HBV infection, and to examine their awareness and immune status. Material and methods. The data of this research was collected by a questionnaire prepared by the researcher. The sample in the study consisted of 537 (81.4%) students. The data were evaluated using the SPSS 16.0 package program. Frequency, percentage, Pearson chi-square and Fisher's exact test was used in the analyzation of the data. Outcomes and conclusions. It was determined that the students who participated in the research did not show sufficient sensitivity to get vaccinated against HBV and to know their serological status. It was also identified that they had a lack of knowledge and/or did not have clear information about the modes of transmission of HBV, its treatment, and that HBV may cause cirrhosis. The results of this research will guide students in the trainings to be given in order to raise their awareness on this subject and to ensure that they are immunized before they start working and have practical training in the field of healthcare.
A Data-scientific Noise-removal Method for Efficient Submillimeter Spectroscopy With Single-dish Telescopes
Authors: Taniguchi Akio , Tamura Yoichi , Ikeda Shiro , Takekoshi Tatsuya , Kawabe Ryohei
Published: August 2021

For submillimeter spectroscopy with ground-based single-dish telescopes, removing the noise contribution from the Earth’s atmosphere and the instrument is essential. For this purpose, here we propose a new method based on a data-scientific approach. The key technique is statistical matrix decomposition that automatically separates the signals of astronomical emission lines from the drift noise components in the fast-sampled (1–10 Hz) time-series spectra obtained by a position-switching (PSW) observation. Because the proposed method does not apply subtraction between two sets of noisy data (i.e., on-source and off-source spectra), it improves the observation sensitivity by a factor of

2

. It also reduces artificial signals such as baseline ripples on a spectrum, which may also help to improve the effective sensitivity. We demonstrate this improvement by using the spectroscopic data of emission lines toward a high-redshift galaxy observed with a 2 mm receiver on the 50 m Large Millimeter Telescope. Since the proposed method is carried out offline and no additional measurements are required, it offers an instant improvement on the spectra reduced so far with the conventional method. It also enables efficient deep spectroscopy driven by the future 50 m class large submillimeter single-dish telescopes, where fast PSW observations by mechanical antenna or mirror drive are difficult to achieve.
A Study of the Photometric and Spectroscopic Variations of the Prototypical FU Orionis–type Star V1057 Cyg
Authors: Szabó Zs. M. , Kóspál Á. , Ábrahám P. , Park S. , Siwak M. , Green J. D. , Moór A. , Pál A. , Acosta-Pulido J. A. , Lee J.-E. , Cseh B. , Csörnyei G. , Hanyecz O. , Könyves-Tóth R. , Krezinger M. , Kriskovics L. , Ordasi A. , Sárneczky K. , Seli B. , Szakáts R. , Szing A. , Vida K.
Published: August 2021

Among the low-mass pre-main sequence stars, a small group called FU Orionis–type objects (FUors) are notable for undergoing powerful accretion outbursts. V1057 Cyg, a classical example of an FUor, went into outburst around 1969–1970, after which it faded rapidly, making it the fastest-fading FUor known. Around 1995, a more rapid increase in fading occurred. Since that time, strong photometric modulations have been present. We present nearly 10 yr of source monitoring at Piszkéstető Observatory, complemented with optical/NIR photometry and spectroscopy from the Nordic Optical Telescope, Bohyunsan Optical Astronomy Observatory, Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite, and Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy. Our light curves show continuation of significant quasi-periodic variability in brightness over the past decade. Our spectroscopic observations show strong wind features, shell features, and forbidden emission lines. All of these spectral lines vary with time. We also report the first detection of [S ii], [N ii], and [O iii] lines in the star.
A Parametric Galactic Model toward the Galactic Bulge Based on Gaia and Microlensing Data
Authors: Koshimoto Naoki , Baba Junichi , Bennett David P.
Published: August 2021

We developed a parametric Galactic model toward the Galactic bulge by fitting to spatial distributions of the Gaia DR2 disk velocity, VVV proper motion, BRAVA radial velocity, OGLE-III red clump star count, and OGLE-IV star count and microlens rate, optimized for use in microlensing studies. We include the asymmetric drift of Galactic disk stars and the dependence of velocity dispersion on Galactic location in the kinematic model, which has been ignored in most previous models used for microlensing studies. We show that our model predicts a microlensing parameter distribution significantly different from those typically used in previous studies. We estimate various fundamental model parameters for our Galaxy through our modeling, including the initial mass function (IMF) in the inner Galaxy. Combined constraints from star counts and the microlensing event timescale distribution from the OGLE-IV survey, in addition to a prior on the bulge stellar mass, enable us to successfully measure IMF slopes using a broken power-law form over a broad mass range,

α

bd

=

0.22

−
0.55

+
0.20

for M < 0.08 M
⊙,

α

ms

=

1.16

−
0.15

+
0.08

for 0.08 M
⊙ ≤ M < M
br, and

α

hm

=

2.32

−
0.10

+
0.14

for M ≥ M
br, as well as a break mass at

M

br

=

0.90

−
0.14

+
0.05

M

⊙

. This is significantly different from the Kroupa IMF for local stars, but similar to the Zoccali IMF measured from a bulge luminosity function. We also estimate the dark matter mass fraction in the bulge region of 28% ± 7% which could be larger than a previous estimate. Because our model is purely parametric, it can be universally applied using the parameters provided in this paper. (A tool for microlensing simulation using our Galactic model has been published, Koshimoto & Ranc 2021, and can be downloaded at https://github.com/nkoshimoto/genulens.)
Gamma-Ray Thermalization and Leakage from Millisecond Magnetar Nebulae: Toward a Self-consistent Model for Superluminous Supernovae
Authors: Vurm Indrek , Metzger Brian D.
Published: August 2021

Superluminous supernovae (SLSNe) are massive star explosions that are too luminous to be powered by traditional energy sources, such as the radioactive decay of 56Ni. Instead, they may be powered by a central engine, such as a millisecond pulsar or magnetar, whose relativistic wind inflates a nebula of high-energy particles and radiation behind the expanding supernova ejecta. We present three-dimensional Monte Carlo radiative transfer calculations of SLSNe that follow the production of high-energy emission in the nebula and its subsequent thermalization into optical radiation within the surrounding ejecta and, conversely, determine the gamma-ray emission that escapes the ejecta without thermalizing. We identify a novel mechanism by which γγ pair creation in the upstream pulsar wind regulates the mean energy of particles entering the nebula over the first several years after the explosion, rendering our results on this timescale insensitive to the (uncertain) intrinsic wind pair multiplicity. To explain the observed late-time steepening of SLSN optical light curves as being the result of gamma-ray leakage, we find that the nebular magnetization must be very low,

ε

B

≲

10

−
6

–

10

−
4

. For higher

ε

B

, the more efficiently thermalized lower-energy synchrotron emission would overproduce the late-time (≳1 yr) optical radiation, inconsistent with observations. For magnetars to remain as viable contenders for powering SLSNe, we conclude that either magnetic dissipation in the wind/nebula is extremely efficient or the spin-down luminosity decays significantly faster than the canonical dipole rate ∝t
−2 in a way that coincidentally mimics gamma-ray escape.
Mass–Velocity Dispersion Relation in MaNGA Brightest Cluster Galaxies
Authors: Tian Yong , Cheng Han , McGaugh Stacy S. , Ko Chung-Ming , Hsu Yun-Hsin
Published: August 2021

We investigate a kinematic scaling relation between the baryonic mass and the flat velocity dispersion, i.e., mass–velocity dispersion relation (MVDR), from the brightest cluster galaxies (BCGs) to the galaxy clusters. In our studies, the baryonic mass of BCGs is mainly estimated by photometry. The velocity dispersion profiles are explored with the integrated field unit by Mapping Nearby Galaxies at Apache Point Observatory (MaNGA). For the first time, we reveal two significant results with 54 MaNGA BCGs: (1) the flat velocity dispersion profiles; (2) a tight empirical relation on the BCG-cluster scale together with cluster samples, i.e., MVDR,

log
(

M

bar

/

M

⊙

)
=

4.1

−
0.1

+
0.1

log
(

σ

los

/

km

s

−
1

)

+

1.6

−
0.3

+
0.3

, with a tiny lognormal intrinsic scatter of

10

−
1

+
2

%

. This slope is identical to the acceleration relation in galaxy clusters, which is reminiscent of the spiral galaxies, albeit at a larger characteristic acceleration scale. The residuals of the MVDR represent a Gaussian distribution, displaying no correlations with four properties: baryonic mass, scale length, surface density, and redshift. Notably, the MVDR on the BCG-cluster scale provides a strict test, which disfavors the general prediction of the slope of three in the dark matter model.
Two new brown rot polypores from tropical China
Authors: Zhou Meng , Wang Chao-Ge , Wu Ying-Da , Liu Shun , Yuan Yuan
Published: August 2021

Brown-rot fungi are types of fungi that selectively degrade cellulose and hemicellulose from wood and are perhaps the most important agents involved in the degradation of wood products and dead wood in forest ecosystem. Two new brown-rot species, collected from southern China, are nested within the clades of Fomitopsis sensu stricto and Oligoporus sensu stricto, respectively. Their positions are strongly supported in the Maximum Likelihood phylogenetic tree of the concatenated the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions, the large subunit of nuclear ribosomal RNA gene (nLSU), the small subunit of nuclear ribosomal RNA gene (nuSSU), the small subunit of mitochondrial rRNA gene (mtSSU), the largest subunit of RNA polymerase II (RPB1), the second largest subunit of RNA polymerase II (RPB2) and the translation elongation factor 1-α gene (TEF1) sequences. Fomitopsis bambusae, only found on bamboo, is characterised by its resupinate to effused-reflexed or pileate basidiocarps, small pores (6–9 per mm), the absence of cystidia, short cylindrical to oblong-ellipsoid basidiospores measuring 4.2–6.1 × 2–2.3 μm. Oligoporus podocarpi is characterised by white to pale cream pore surface, round or sometimes angular pores (5–6 per mm), broadly ellipsoid to reniform basidiospores measuring 3.8–4.2 × 2–2.3 μm and growing on Podocarpus. Illustrated descriptions of these two novel species, Fomitopsis bambusae and Oligoporus podocarpi, are provided.
The genus Dettopsomyia Lamb, 1914 (Diptera, Drosophilidae) from southern China
Authors: Wang Ya-Lian , Li Qiao , Toda Masanori J. , Gao Jian-Jun
Published: August 2021

The genusDettopsomyiawas established by Lamb in 1914 for a single species,De. formosadescribed therein. It contains 13 known species recorded from the Old World (the Oriental, Australasian, Palearctic and Afrotropical regions). In the present paper, five new species discovered from southern China are described as members ofDettopsomyia:De. acutipenisWang & Gao,sp. nov.,De. serripenisWang & Gao,sp. nov.,De. discontinuaWang & Gao,sp. nov.,De. camelonotaWang, Li & Gao,sp. nov.andDe. paranigrovittataWang, Li & Gao,sp. nov.The new species were delimitated, based on not only morphological characters but also molecular data.
Macular Morphology in Patients With Diabetic Retinopathy Treated by ILM Peeling: A Propensity Score-Matched Analysis
Authors: Jia Li-Yun , Sun Yi-Meng , Ma Kai
Published: August 2021

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:

To analyze the effects of vitrectomy combined with internal limiting membrane (ILM) peeling in patients with diabetic retinopathy (DR) by propensity score-matched analysis.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:

Patients with proliferative DR that underwent pars plana vitrectomy were divided into two groups: without or with additional ILM peeling. Propensity score-matched analyses of variables were carried out. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) was conducted at the 6-month follow-up. The primary outcome measures were epiretinal membrane (ERM), intraretinal cystic changes, recurrent macular edema, and blurring of the inner segment/outer segment (IS/OS) margin.

RESULTS:

There were 41 patients in Group 1 (non-ILM peeling) and 41 patients in Group 2 (ILM peeling). ERM was observed in 11 of 41 eyes (26.8%) in Group 1, and three of 41 eyes (7%) in Group 2 at the 6-month follow-up (
P
= .019). Intraretinal cystoid changes were observed in 13 eyes of Group 1 and four eyes of Group 2 (
P
= .014). The median central macular thickness was 250.00 ± 135.09 μm in Group 1 and 235.00 ± 101.55 μm in Group 2 (
P
= .738). Macular edema was observed in 24 eyes (58.5%) in Group 1 and 19 eyes (46.3%) in Group 2 (
P
= 0.269). There was no significant difference in foveal dip angle between the groups (
P
= .820). The IS/OS margin was disrupted in 48.8% and 56.1% of eyes in Groups 1 and 2, respectively, without significant difference. There was also no significant difference in best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) between two groups before surgery, and there was no significant difference in BCVA between two groups at 6 months after surgery (
P
= .13).

CONCLUSION:

The authors' results indicate that vitrectomy combined with ILM peeling can minimize ERM formation and eliminate intraretinal cystoid changes, but the functional recovery is limited.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina.
2021;52:420–425.]
Choroidal Thickness in Multifocal Dendritic and Placoid Serpiginous-Like Choroiditis: A Comparative Study
Authors: Kawali Ankush , Mahendradas Padmamalini , Khanum Aayesha , Sanjay Srinivasan , Mohan Ashwin , Shetty Rohit
Published: August 2021

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:

To study spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) characteristics in multifocal advanced dendritic serpiginous-like choroiditis (D-SLC) and placoid serpiginous-like choroiditis (P-SLC).

PATIENTS AND METHODS:

Retrospective, comparative study. SD-OCT features were studied in both the groups. Area of involvement (AoI) due to SLC lesions was calculated, and cases with comparable AoI from both the groups were subclassified into Group A (subgroup D-SLC) and Group B (subgroup P-SLC). Central choroidal thickness (CT) was measured, and comparative analysis was performed.

RESULTS:

Thirty-four eyes (15 D-SLC, 19 P-SLC) of 28 patients were studied. Mean AoI for Group A (n = 10) and for Group B (n = 12) was 197,066.50 units (range: 139,602 to 267,151 units) and 203,407.33 units (range: 148,156 to 285,048 units), respectively (
P
= .553). Mean central CT was 217.92 µm for DSLC and 152 µm for P-SLC (
P
= .01).

CONCLUSIONS:

The choroid was significantly thinner at the resolution in P-SLC than in D-SLC form. P-SLC renders more choroidal destruction and may warrant aggressive treatment.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina.
2021;52:438–442.]
Retinopathy of Prematurity Screening Examination and Changes in Vital Signs
Authors: Lahoti Sejal , Jones Richard , Beck Kinley D. , Padidam Sneha , Apple Daniel , Lin Xihui , Quiram Polly , Young Ryan C. , Desireddi Jennifer , Harper C. Armitage
Published: August 2021

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:

Dilation and examination during retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) screening can cause systemic complications and even life-threatening adverse events (AEs). The main objective of this study is to assess the prevalence and significance of AEs and changes in vital signs during ROP screenings, and to correlate birth weight, gestational age, and length of exam as possible predictors of these changes.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:

This is a prospective, observational study that includes 1,360 screening exams from 680 premature infants in two neonatal intensive care units. Systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, heart rate, respiratory rate, and oxygen saturation were monitored from the time that dilating drops were administered until 4 hours after the examination was completed. Any clinical deterioration or complication was documented.

RESULTS:

Of 1,360 infant screening exams, 153 (11%) screening exams resulted in at least one change in vital sign that alerted the monitor. There was one serious AE requiring bag valve mask resuscitation 30 minutes after dilating drops were placed. Gestational age, birth weight, and length of ROP exam were not significant predictors of AEs. There were statistically significant changes when comparing pre- and post-vital signs following dilation and funduscopy exam.

CONCLUSIONS:

Although ROP screening exams are essential for at-risk neonates, mydriatic drops and retinal exams can result in changes to vital signs and AEs. It is important to closely monitor neonates during these examinations.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
. 2021;52:458–463.]
On an upper bound for the spreading speed
Authors: Mesk Mohammed , Moussaoui Ali
Published: August 2021

In this paper, we use the exponential transform to give a unified formal upper bound for the asymptotic rate of spread of a population propagating in a one dimensional habitat. We show through examples how this upper bound can be obtained directly for discrete and continuous time models. This upper bound has the form \begin{document}$ \min_{s>0} \ln (\rho(s))/s $\end{document} and coincides with the speeds of several models found in the literature.
Multidimensional stability of pyramidal traveling fronts in degenerate Fisher-KPP monostable and combustion equations
Authors: Wu Denghui , Bu Zhen-Hui
Published: August 2021

In this paper, multidimensional stability of pyramidal traveling fronts are studied to the reaction-diffusion equations with degenerate Fisher-KPP monostable and combustion nonlinearities. By constructing supersolutions and subsolutions coupled with the comparison principle, we firstly prove that under any initial perturbation (possibly large) decaying at space infinity, the three-dimensional pyramidal traveling fronts are asymptotically stable in weighted $ L^{\infty} $ spaces on $ \mathbb{R}^{n}\; (n\geq4) $. Secondly, we show that under general bounded perturbations (even very small), the pyramidal traveling fronts are not asymptotically stable by constructing a solution which oscillates permanently between two three-dimensional pyramidal traveling fronts on $ \mathbb{R}^{4} $.
Weighted fourth order elliptic problems in the unit ball
Authors: Guo Zongming , Wan Fangshu
Published: August 2021

Existence and uniqueness of positive radial solutions of some weighted fourth order elliptic Navier and Dirichlet problems in the unit ball $ B $ are studied. The weights can be singular at $ x = 0 \in B $. Existence of positive radial solutions of the problems is obtained via variational methods in the weighted Sobolev spaces. To obtain the uniqueness results, we need to know exactly the asymptotic behavior of the solutions at the singular point $ x = 0 $.
Eureka
Authors: Vaz de Almeida Cristina
Published: August 2021

The health communication model—assertiveness, clarity, and positivity, which in a more synthetic way is called “ACP Model”—allows in an aggregated and interdependent way the use of communication skills in the health relationship, which allow, throughout the consultation, the establishment of a relationship of greater proximity, trust, openness, balanced and with results for health, even after the interaction ends. Among the results obtained in nine focus groups, consisting of 55 participants, of which 25 are specialists in health literacy and the remaining 30 have not previously experienced the ACP model, all are unanimous in the importance of developing communication skills in the therapeutic relationship through assertiveness, clarity, and positivity as a cognitive script of previous skills. It is also confirmed that this aggregate and interdependent group of communication skills increases the level of knowledge and understanding of the patient's health, thus promoting better health outcomes.
Better Safe Than Sorry
Authors: Belim Célia
Published: August 2021

This chapter focuses on cancer prevention media campaigns, concretely on the construction of the persuasive message. Methodologically, semiotic analysis is used, exploring the verbal and visual dimension of 19 international ads linked to the five most deadly cancers, in order to understand and deconstruct the message and the communication tactics used. The results reveal the diversity of resources and tactics. In the verbal dimension, it presents the use of rhetorical tactics (e.g., statistical and factual evidence and stimulation of emotions), the popular vocabulary, cues to action/motivational content, the phatic, poetic, and appealing functions, stylistic resources, credibility of the source, evocation of good causes, originality and distinction, anecdotal approach. In the visual dimension, it observes the use of three languages' functions, isotopy, stylistic resources, personalization, symbolical approach, polychrome, diversity of phenotypes, the credibility of the source, a pedagogical component.
Sustainable Tourism
Authors: Carvalho Fatima Lampreia , Fernandes Silvia Brito
Published: August 2021

This work intends to verify if there is academic research that proposes innovative strategies for sustainable tourism. It analyses 70 valid documents including theses, dissertations, scientific papers, and reports. Main objectives to explore are which themes stand out most; the difference between academic production in Portugal and Brazil; and how the topics of sustainability, environment, governance, planning, and regulation relate to tourism. A software for qualitative analysis is used to enrich the discussion around sustainable tourism discerning preferential governance strategies. Few works use sustainability indexes, and, if used, most of them are descriptive. For real sustainable tourism, its governance has to be based on appropriate indicators. Measures can empower destinations, providing the information needed to decide accurate and creatively. A challenge for the Portuguese academy on tourism and hospitality is to have an ongoing role in implementing key indicators and in their validation and monitoring.
Social Media Induced Transformations in Healthcare
Authors: Misra Puneet , Yadav Arun Singh , Chaurasia Siddharth
Published: August 2021

Technological advancements and their adaptation have made social media one of the most used platforms for sharing ideas and expressing views and experiences. Fields like finance and retail have mined and used information on social platforms to a good effect. The healthcare domain too can leverage social forums in various ways, and it has just started its journey by taking baby steps. Events like the COVID-19 pandemic have accelerated the adaptation to increase the pace and breadth of information outreach. The chapter discusses social media usage in healthcare. The chapter highlights challenges, opportunities, and issues encountered so far and the way forward.
Promoting Prospective TESOL Educators' Critical Reflection Through the 4D Framework
Authors: Yin Ni , Sun Xiaodi , Wang Chuqi
Published: August 2021

Within the field of teacher education, the significance of promoting critical reflection is highlighted by scholars because it is generally believed that teachers engaging in critical reflection are more able to examine bias, challenge embedded assumptions, and take actions toward educational justice. In the field of teaching English to speakers of other languages (TESOL), there is a growing interest in the cultivation of educators with critical reflection ability. In this chapter, the authors introduce a set of effective tools by which worldwide pre-service TESOL educators can practice critical reflection. The sets include a 4D framework and a worksheet. By incorporating this tool into learning and future English teaching lives, pre-service TESOL educators can be involved in continuous cycles of high-level critical reflection. Through learning on their own reflections, teachers can gain new insights, improve teaching skills, and ultimately, create a more just society for students.
Designing Text Message Learning to More Equitably Reach Students Wherever They Go
Authors: Guevara Katherine
Published: August 2021

This chapter describes how TESOL educators can partner with global aid organizations, local communities, and learners themselves to leverage low-tech yet innovative learning solutions like text-message lessons with the goal of more equitably reaching learners, particularly those affected by disruption to their education such as those who are migrants/refugees. Taking such action as advocates committed to closing opportunity gaps arising from social issues affecting language learning not only involves the TESOL educator in the six principles for exemplary teaching of English learners but also UN Sustainable Development Goals as a framework, trauma-informed teaching and learning, and the concept of text messages used as micro-learning. Through a UNICEF case study of practice in action, the author provides a stepwise how-to for redesigning curriculum into micro-learning appropriate for text-message delivery and offers considerations and recommendations for its dissemination, evaluation, and potential application to many other contexts and learner populations at scale.
Incorporating Socially-Relevant Teaching Strategies in the Online TESOL Classroom
Authors: Li Ziqi
Published: August 2021

Conducting online TESOL class is always both a challenge and opportunity for teachers to effectively support English language learners. Specifically, this study explores socially relevant teaching strategies to facilitate an engaging and equitable online classroom for educators with ELLs with diverse backgrounds. This research contains online language teaching strategies in the context of multicultural environment. Overall, three strategies are elaborated. One strategy is organizing whole-class discussion and various activity based on learners' cultural background. The second strategy is choosing and using socially relevant teaching materials with online technology, including neutral and authentic materials and giving learners timely prompts. The third strategy is counteracting inequitable relationships in society and in class, managing student emotions to create supportive relationships among students and the teacher. These strategies expand literature on how to conduct online program that are relevant and sustaining for culturally and linguistically diverse adult language learners.
The Negative Effects of COVID-19 on the Sustainable Development Goals, Economic Growth, Foreign Trade, and Social Life
Authors: Özsoy Özlem , Gürler Metin
Published: August 2021

COVID-19 affected the health system, education system, production system, foreign trade, social life, and the status quo negatively, and the new normal era will change many attitudes and habits. The pandemic caused the failure of the health system capacity and negatively affected the decent work and economic growth and the fight with the poverty. The pandemic is not a single country's problem anymore; it is a global problem against humanity and human development, which needs a global partnership. As of the end of April 2021, the number of COVID-19-related cases exceeded 150 million, while the number of deaths reached nearly 3.2 million. The vaccination started in December, and more than one billion vaccine doses have been administered all over the world. Whether the vaccine can be accessed by every country will remain another question. This study aims to investigate the negative effects of COVID-19 on SDGs and to analyse the struggle of a rising social nation.
Is There a Right Way to Parent?
Authors: Patra Swati
Published: August 2021

The chapter focuses on bringing mindfulness into the parent-child relationship. The concept of mindfulness is discussed and its dimensions are examined as having an impact on effective parenting and a harmonious relationship between the parent and child. A model of mindful parenting emphasizing on the social context of parent-child relationship is described. The chapter highlights the significance of mindful parenting which includes being mindful to one's self as well as being mindful of the relationship between the parent and child, indicating a shift from doing mode to being mode. Thus, mindful parenting requires the parent to be mindful of the parent-child relationship itself rather than considering parenting as a task to be carried out and just doing or acting in this relationship. Infusing mindfulness into the dynamics of the parent-child relationship will usher in the well-being of both child and parent.
Mindfulness-Based Therapy in the Management of Tinnitus
Authors: Prabhu P. Prashanth
Published: August 2021

Mindfulness-based interventions are one of the recent techniques that have proven to be very useful in tinnitus management. Mindfulness therapy refers to experiencing the present, which helps control the attention system, which significantly contributes to getting relief from the adverse reactions due to tinnitus. Several systematic reviews and randomized controlled trials report relief from tinnitus perception even with the heterogeneity of the patients with mindfulness therapy. The different study designs and outcome measures reported similar results suggesting the efficacy of mindfulness-based training. Thus, psychologists and audiologists dealing with individuals suffering from tinnitus can attempt this technique in management. The mindfulness-based training can be combined with formal Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) and Tinnitus Retraining Therapy (TRT) approaches to enhance tinnitus treatment.
Implicit Perceptions and Explicit Messages
Authors: Page Larkin
Published: August 2021

The present study offers implications for teacher-researchers by expanding prior ethnographic literacy research providing knowledge and understanding to educators interested in home-based family literacy activities and functions and the interface between these and school-based literacy expectations from public school educators. While generalizations cannot be made to all Hispanic families based on the data from the research family, a theoretical construct can be built based on data gathered. In understanding the data from this study, educators can contemplate and move away from negative assumptions about what literacies occur in the households of poor, minority families. Educators can then build confident relationships with families if and only when there is real knowledge of and from families themselves.
Teaching Controversial Issues
Authors: Bintz William Paul
Published: August 2021

This chapter describes recent research findings on homelessness in the United States and its relationship to poverty and other related factors. It also provides an introduction to text clusters, a curricular resource that includes high-quality and award-winning picture books and is anchored in the Way-In and Stay-In books. It continues by presenting a text cluster on the topic of homelessness, along with a variety of research-based instructional strategies that K-8 teachers can use with this text cluster, as well as with other text clusters on controversial issues. It ends with some final thoughts.
User Attitude and Intentions Towards FinTech in Bangladesh
Authors: Ayoungman Fairtown Zhou , Chowdhury Nazmul Hasan , Hussain Nida , Tanchangya Papel
Published: August 2021

FinTech is considered as a need for modern financial methods to compete with traditional financial methods. The combination of innovation, technology and finance develop a unique method that could be a source of economic development in developing countries. Modern technologies are essential to recognize the user attitude, behaviour and intentions towards FinTech. Hence, the key objective of the study is to investigate the user attitude and intentions towards the adoption of FinTech in Bangladesh. Under the light of the Technology Acceptance Model and Theory of Planned Behaviour, the following study used Perceived Trust, Perceived Usefulness, Perceived Compatibility, Perceived Cost Efficiency and Perceived Risk as an independent variable towards attitude and intentions of the users towards FinTech products. The study collected data from 450 FinTech users from Bangladesh and the proposed relationship among variables were measured by Structural Equation Model by using SMART-PLS. The research findings will benefit FinTech operators to create more customized services for local consumers.
Challenging the Challenges of E-Government
Authors: Yimer Ali Hussien
Published: August 2021

Information and Communication Technologies advancement is influencing life-style. Making human being involved in the evolution of the life process, information and communication technology has been changing changes every activities. Societies are significantly reacting to events and activities locally and globally. This situation transfers the world society to a networked mood of life. The more a society utilizes technology, the more the secret of world is understood. When revising many kinds of literature about e-government implementation, the researcher found most journal articles and books analyze successions or failures of e-government. This paper is different in that it forwards some possible ways to overcome and solve problems that implementation of e-government. Even though revising successes and failures of e-government projects is important to get experiences, thinking over how to avoid those challenges is more fruitful when adopting e-government applications.
Predicting Probability of Liquefaction Susceptibility Based on a Wide Range of CPT Data
Authors: Dhilipkumar B. (970cf74d-964d-4b90-a88c-ecada8b038e7  , Bardhan Abidhan , Samui Pijush , Samui Pijush , Kumar Sanjay
Published: August 2021

In the present study, three efficient soft computing techniques (namely, genetic programming (GP), relevance vector machine (RVM), and multivariate regression splines (MARS)) are utilized to predict the probabilistic liquefaction susceptibility of soils based on reliability analysis. For this, a sum of 253 cone penetration test (CPT) data of 19 major earthquakes occurring between 1964 and 2011 have been collected from the literature. Six liquefaction parameters such as corrected cone penetration resistance, total vertical stress, total effective stress, maximum horizontal acceleration, magnitude moment, and depth of penetration are explored. To evaluate the overall performance of the proposed models, rank analysis has been carried out. Based on the values of performance indices, the GP model outperforms the other two models in terms of RMSE=0.15, R2 =0.77, and VAF=76.86 in the training stage while the same has been found 0.14, 0.81, and 80.46 in the testing phase. Also, the rank analysis confirms the superiority of the GP model in predicting the probability of liquefaction susceptibility of soils at all stages.
A Blockchain-Based Distributed Authentication System for Healthcare
Authors: Panda Soumyashree S. , Jena Debasish , Das Priti
Published: August 2021

The use of digital health records, stricter health laws and the growing need for health records exchange points towards the need for an efficient security and privacy preserving mechanism. For Health Insurance management systems, multiple entities exchange health information which is used for decision making. Since multiple authoritative entities are involved, a secure and efficient information sharing protocol is required as extremely sensitive health information is exchanged among the entities. Hence this paper aims to put forward a novel a decentralized authentication system based on Blockchain known as Insurance Claim Blockchain (ICBChain) system. The proposed system ensures privacy of patients, provides secure information exchange and authentication of entities. An implementation of the proposed system is provided using Ethereum Blockchain. The security and performance analysis of the system shows its potential to satisfy Healthcare security requirements and its efficiency respectively
A Fuzzy Cooperative Approach to Resolve the Image Segmentation Problem
Authors: Abdellahoum Hamza , Boukra Abdelmajid
Published: August 2021

The image segmentation problem is one of the most studied problems because it helps in several areas. In this paper, the authors propose new algorithms to resolve two problems, namely cluster detection and centers initialization. The authors opt to use statistical methods to automatically determine the number of clusters and the fuzzy sets theory to start the algorithm with a near optimal configuration. They use the image histogram information to determine the number of clusters and a cooperative approach involving three metaheuristics, genetic algorithm (GA), firefly algorithm (FA). and biogeography-based optimization algorithm (BBO), to detect the clusters centers in the initialization step. The experimental study shows that, first, the proposed solution determines a near optimal initial clusters centers set leading to good image segmentation compared to well-known methods; second, the number of clusters determined automatically by the proposed approach contributes to improve the image segmentation quality.
Possibilities and Challenges of Online Education in India During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Sengupta Souvik
Published: August 2021

The undergraduate and postgraduate studies of colleges and universities in India have been affected badly amidst the lockdowns for COVID-19 pandemic. The Government has insisted to start the academic activity through online platforms. The biggest concern for the academic institutions now is to select an appropriate e-learning platform. This paper compares different features and facilities available in some widely used online platforms and analyze their suitability from the perspective of socio-economic constraints of students in India. A generic framework for conducting online classes is described that meets the special requirements of the unprivileged students. Some strategic plans to overcome the challenges are identified and suggested. A technical solution for implementation of time-bound assessment module is also proposed.
An Evaluation Study of an E-Learning Course at the Duhok Polytechnic University
Authors: Ahmed Abdulraheem Jamil , Mohammed Falah Hasan , Majedkan Naji Abdullah
Published: August 2021

In last decade, there has been a growing awareness in E-Learning which is the most recent type of distance education, and becomes a highly significant model of educational technology. Today e-Learning studies indicate that there is an increasing use of this educational scheme for students, trainers and instructors which improve the learning capability of the students and trainee by depending on student-centered learning (SCL) scheme rather than using the traditional teacher or trainer centered teaching mechanism.However, students’ awareness for the advantage of using e-Learning has not been significantly investigated, especially in Iraq. The aim of this article is to inspect students’ awareness of the using of e-Learning at the Dohuk Polytechnic University. Participants involved in this study were 100 students studying the C++ programming language course during 2015-2016 and 2017-2018 academic years and 210 students studying computer application course during 2018-2019.
Self-Organized Network Management and Computing of Intelligent Solutions to Information Security
Authors: Zhu Xiaomeng
Published: August 2021

The network in information age has become an important part of life, but in the process of in-depth application of computers and networks, information security issues have also become a significant obstacle to their developments. The intelligent solution to information security is a self-organized management and computing security protocol that is completed through the intelligent technologies at both ends of the sensing device and network authentication center. The results show that the network security information communication and publicity management platform built by the self-organized network management and computing of the intelligent solutions to information security can effectively heighten network users’ awareness of information protection, enhance the security of network environment, and promote the improvement of scientific network security rules. The study results of this paper provide a reference for further researches on self-organized network management and computing of intelligent solutions to information security.
Comprehension, Perception, and Projection
Authors: Rowan Wendy , O'Connor Yvonne , Lynch Laura , Heavin Ciara
Published: August 2021

Health social networks (HSNs) allow individuals with health information needs to connect and discuss health-related issues online. Political-technology intertwinement (e.g. GDPR and Digital Technology) highlights that users need to be aware, understand, and willing to provide electronic consent (eConsent) when sharing personal information online. The objective of this study is to explore the ‘As-Is’ factors which impact individuals’ decisional autonomy when consenting to the privacy policy (PP) and Terms and Conditions (T&Cs) on a HSN. We use a Situational Awareness (SA) lens to examine decision autonomy when providing eConsent. A mixed-methods approach reveals that technical and privacy comprehension, user perceptions, and projection of future consequences impact participants’ decision autonomy in providing eConsent. Without dealing with the privacy paradox at the outset, decision awareness and latterly decision satisfaction is negatively impacted. Movement away from clickwrap online consent to customised two-way engagement is the way forward for the design of eConsent.