bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Antioxidant activity of aqueous and alcohol extracts of Salvia leriifolia L. and Linum usitalissmum L. subjected to a pulsed electric field
Authors: Shirazi Shohreh Arab , Nia Ahmad Pedram , Asl Mohammad Reza Saeidi , Naghipour Fariba , Tavakolipour Hamid
Published: April 2020

Introduction. More attention has been paid in recent decades to extracts and essential oils from various plants as natural antioxidant sources due to their positive effects on food oxidation reactions. Our study aimed to compare the antioxidant activity of aqueous and alcoholic extracts from Salvia leriifolia L. and Linum usitalissmum L.The extracts were subjected to a pulsed electric field with intensities of zero (without pretreatment), 3 and 6 kV·cm–1, and a constant pulse number of 30. For this purpose, parameters such as total phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity were investigated by DPPH and TEAC methods.

Results and discussion. Our results showed that a higher intensity of a pulsed electric field pretreatment and the use of an alcoholic solvent significantly raised total phenolic compounds in the extracts and their antioxidant activity at a 95% confidence level. We found significant effects of the plant source (Linum usitalissmum and Salvia leriifolia), pretreatment (pulse electric field at intensities of 0.3 and 6 kV·cm–1), and a solvent (aqueous and alcohol) on the extracts’ antioxidant activity (P < 0.05). In addition, there was a significant correlation between the results of the DPPH and the TEAC antioxidant activities (P < 0.01 and r = 0.932).

Conclusion. The total antioxidant activity (based on both TEAC and DPPH methods) and total phenolic compounds extracted from Salvia leriifolia were higher than those from Linum usitalissmum (P < 0.05). Based on the results, the extract obtained from Salvia leriifolia with an alcoholic solvent and a pulsed electric field pretreatment (at 6 kV·cm–1 and 30 pulses) was selected as possessing desired antioxidant properties.
Methodology for identification and quantification of chicken meat in food products
Authors: Pleskacheva Mariya , Artamonova Marina , Litvinova Elena , Gergel Mariia , Davydova Ekaterina
Published: April 2020

Introduction. The problem of food adulteration is highly relevant today. Food manufacturers are increasingly replacing expensive raw materials with cheaper poultry. We aimed to develop an effective method for identification and quantification of chicken meat and egg products in multicomponent meat systems using real-time PCR. Study objects and methods. We studied native animal tissue, namely that of chicken, pork, beef, turkey, quail, duck, horse meat, rabbit, sheep, and goat. Standard samples were taken from pure fresh chicken muscle tissue. We also used raw, boiled, and powdered chicken eggs. For a semiquantitative analysis of chicken mass in the sample, we compared the threshold cycle (Ct) of chicken DNA and the threshold cycles of calibration samples. To ensure the absence of PCR inhibition, we used an internal control sample which went through all the stages of analysis, starting with DNA extraction. Results and discussion. We developed a methodology to qualitatively determine the content of chicken tissue in the product and distinguish between the presence of egg products and contamination on the production line. The method for chicken DNA identification showed 100% specificity. This genetic material was detected in the range of 0.1% to 0.01% of chicken meat in the sample. The efficiency of the duplex PCR system for chicken DNA detection was more than 95% (3.38 on the Green slope channel and 3.45 on the Yellow slope channel). The analytical sensitivity of the primers was 40 copies/reaction. Conclusion. Our methodology is suitable for analyzing multicomponent food products, raw materials, feed, and feed additives. It can identify the content of chicken meat at a concentration of up to 1%, as well as distinguish egg impurities from contamination of various origin. PCR allows differentiation between chicken meat and egg products.
Effect of treated sewage characteristics on duckweed biomass production and microbial communities
Authors: Iwano Hiroshi , Hatohara Syo , Tagawa Tadashi , Tamaki Hideyuki , Li Yu-You , Kubota Kengo
Published: April 2020

Duckweed biomass production in a duckweed pond fed with three differently treated sewage (i.e. sewage treated by primary sedimentation (PS); conventional activated sludge process (CAS); and downflow hanging sponge process (DHS)) was evaluated in order to assess the effects of water quality on biomass yield. Higher and stable biomass production was observed when the duckweed pond was fed with PS or DHS-effluent than with CAS-effluent, evidently due to the difference in nutrient loads. Availability of nutrients, especially phosphorus, affected the biomass production rate: higher the nutrient, faster the production. Microbial community analysis revealed that the members of Rhizobiales were likely to contribute to stable and high biomass growth. From the results of the study, a sewage treatment system consisting of a primary sedimentation followed by a duckweed pond and a tertiary treatment unit can be proposed to maximize biomass production without compromising treatment objectives. Size and operational parameters of the duckweed pond should be determined primarily based on the nutrient availability in the influent water to maximize duckweed growth.
Full-scale semi-centralized wastewater treatment facilities for resource recovery: operation, problems and resolutions
Authors: Tang Xianchun , Wen Yexuan , He Yi , Jiang Haixin , Dai Xiaohu , Bi Xuejun , Wagner Martin , Chen Hongbin
Published: April 2020

The first full-scale semi-centralized wastewater treatment and resource recovery system based on source separation was implemented from 2014. To assess the operation performance, operating costs and resolve the problems faced in this system, the latest operation data from April 2017 to September 2018 was investigated. The results show that greywater and blackwater modules exhibited good removal performance for organics and nutrients, although misconnection between pipelines existed and influent loading rates fluctuated. The effluent could meet reuse standards. The biogas production rates of raw sludge could reach 7.27–10.9 m3 gas·per cubic raw sludge. The specific cost of treated water was higher than in a conventional treatment system. Power consumption made a major contribution to the total cost with a proportion of 55.3%–94.2%. After optimizing and considering the comprehensive efficiencies, the costs would be affordable. The dewatered sludge of the anaerobic digestion module has been applied to agricultural and landscaping soil. It is suggested that organics in blackwater could be recovered as volatile fatty acids with high-efficiency anaerobic fermentation and used as an external carbon source for short-cut biological nitrogen removal. In conclusion, the semi-centralized system will be a feasible and sustainable alternative for conventional treatment systems in future.
A combined experimental and numerical approach to the assessment of floc settling velocity using fractal geometry
Authors: Moruzzi R. B. , Bridgeman J. , Silva P. A. G.
Published: April 2020

Sedimentation processes are fundamental to solids/liquid separation in water and wastewater treatment, and therefore a robust understanding of the settlement characteristics of mass fractal aggregates (flocs) formed in the flocculation stage is fundamental to optimized settlement tank design and operation. However, the use of settling as a technique to determine aggregates' traits is limited by current understanding of permeability. In this paper, we combine experimental and numerical approaches to assess settling velocities of fractal aggregates. Using a non-intrusive in situ digital image-based method, three- and two-dimensional fractal dimensions were calculated for kaolin-based flocs. By considering shape and fractal dimension, the porosity, density and settling velocities of the flocs were calculated individually, and settling velocities compared with those of spheres of the same density using Stokes' law. Shape analysis shows that the settling velocities for fractal aggregates may be greater or less than those for perfect spheres. For example, fractal aggregates with floc fractal dimension, Df = 2.61, floc size, df > 320 μm and dp = 7.5 μm settle with lower velocities than those predicted by Stokes' law; whilst, for Df = 2.33, all aggregates of df > 70 μm and dp = 7.5 μm settled below the velocity calculated by Stokes' law for spheres. Conversely, fractal settling velocities were higher than spheres for all the range of sizes, when Df of 2.83 was simulated. The ratio of fractal aggregate to sphere settling velocity (the former being obtained from fractal porosity and density considerations), varied from 0.16 to 4.11 for aggregates in the range of 10 and 1,000 μm, primary particle size of 7.5 μm and a three-dimensional fractal dimension between 2.33 and 2.83. However, the ratio decreases to the range of 0.04–2.92 when primary particle size changes to 1.0 μm for the same fractal dimensions. Using the floc analysis technique developed here, the results demonstrate the difference in settlement behaviour between the approach developed here and the traditional Stokes' law approach using solid spheres. The technique and results demonstrate the improvements in understanding, and hence value to be derived, from an analysis based on fractal, rather than Euclidean, geometry when considering flocculation and subsequent clarification performance.
Down-Regulation of DDR1 Induces Apoptosis and Inhibits EMT through Phosphorylation of Pyk2/MKK7 in DU-145 and Lncap-FGC Prostate Cancer Cell Lines
Authors: Azizi Reza , Fallahian Faranak , Aghaei Mahmoud , Salemi Zahra
Published: April 2020

Background:

In cancer cells, re-activation of Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) program through Discoidin Domain Receptor1 (DDR1) leads to metastasis. DDR1-targeted therapy with siRNA might be a promising strategy for EMT inhibition. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of DDR1 knockdown in the EMT, migration, and apoptosis of prostate cancer cells. For this purpose, the expression of DDR1 was down regulated by the siRNA approach in LNcap-FGC and DU-145 prostate cancer cells.

Methods:

Immunocytochemistry was carried out for the assessment of EMT. E-cadherin, N-cadherin, Bax, Bcl2, and the phosphorylation level of Proline-rich tyrosine kinase 2 (Pyk2) and Map Kinase Kinase 7 (MKK7) was determined using the western blot. Wound healing assay was used to evaluate cell migration. Flow cytometry was employed to determine the apoptosis rate in siRNA-transfected cancer cells.

Results:

Our findings showed that the stimulation of DDR1 with collagen-I caused increased phosphorylation of Pyk2 and MKK7 signaling molecules that led to the induction of EMT and migration in DU-145 and LNcap- FGC cells. In contrast, DDR1 knockdown led to significant attenuation of EMT, migration, and phosphorylation levels of Pyk2 and MKK7. Moreover, DDR1 knockdown via induction of Bax expression and suppression of Bcl-2 expression induces apoptosis.

Conclusion:

Collectively, our results indicate that the DDR1 targeting with siRNA may be beneficial for the inhibition of EMT and the induction of apoptosis in prostate cancer.
Combined Effect of Vaccinium nilgiriensis Bark Extract and 680nm Laser Irradiation in Inducing Breast Cancer Cell Death
Authors: George Blassan P. , Chandran Rahul , Thamburaj Suman , Parimelazhagan Thangaraj
Published: April 2020

Background:

Cancer refers to a collection of diseases where cells begin to multiply
uncontrollably. Breast cancer is the most predominant malignancy in women. Herbal
medicine is one of the important health care system in most of developing countries. Many
studies have shown that naturally occurring compounds may support the prevention and
treatment of various diseases, including cancer. Some of the plant extracts and isolated
compounds shown photosensitizing activities and reduces cell proliferation whereas some
revealed photoprotective effects.

Objectives:

The biological properties and medicinal uses of
extracts and bioactive compounds from V. nilgiriensis have not been investigated. This study
aims to evaluate the cytotoxic effects of V. nilgiriensis in combination with 680 nm laser
irradiation on MCF-7 breast cancer cells.

Methods:

The inverted microscopy, ATP and LDH
assay were used to analyze the cellular morphology, proliferation, cytotoxicity after the
treatment with V. nilgiriensis bark extract. The diode laser of wavelength 680nm and 15 J/cm2
fluency have been used for laser irradiation. The activity of apoptotic proteins was studied
using ELIZA and nuclear damage by Hoechst staining.

Results:

The exposure of V.
nilgiriensis extracts with laser irradiation at 680 nm increases the cytotoxicity and decreases
the proliferation of MCF-7 cells. The results of the Hoechst stain indicated nuclear damage.
Our study proved that V. nilgiriensis holds a strong cytotoxic effect on breast cancer cells
alone and in combination with laser irradiation by upregulating the expression of apoptotic
proteins such as caspase 3, p53 and Bax.

Conclusion:

The results from this study showed that
the bark ethyl acetate of V. nilgiriensis and in combination with laser is effective in
preventing breast cancer cell proliferation in vitro. Further work is warranted to isolate the
bioactive compounds from V. nilgiriensis bark extract and study the effect of compounds in
the cell death induction. Due to the cytotoxic properties, V. nilgiriensis can be considered as a
potent therapeutic agent for the treatment of cancer.
Targeted Protein Degradation: An Emerging Therapeutic Strategy in Cancer
Authors: Barghout Samir H.
Published: April 2020

:

Drug discovery in the scope of cancer therapy has been focused on conventional agents that nonselectively induce DNA damage or selectively inhibit the activity of key oncogenic molecules without affecting their protein levels. An emerging therapeutic strategy that garnered attention in recent years is the induction of Targeted Protein Degradation (TPD) of cellular targets by hijacking the intracellular proteolysis machinery. This novel approach offers several advantages over conventional inhibitors and introduces a paradigm shift in several pharmacological aspects of drug therapy. While TPD has been found to be the major mode of action of clinically approved anticancer agents such as fulvestrant and thalidomide, recent years have witnessed systematic endeavors to expand the repertoire of proteins amenable to therapeutic ablation by TPD. Such endeavors have led to three major classes of agents that induce protein degradation, including molecular glues, Proteolysis Targeting Chimeras (PROTACs) and Hydrophobic Tag (HyT)-based degraders. Here, we briefly highlight agents in these classes and key advances made in the field with a focus on clinical translation in cancer therapy.
Wearable Technology to Quantify the Nutritional Intake of Adults: Validation Study
Authors: Dimitratos Sarah M , German J Bruce , Schaefer Sara E
Published: April 2020

Background

Wearable and mobile sensor technologies can be useful tools in precision nutrition research and practice, but few are reliable for obtaining accurate and precise measurements of diet and nutrition.

Objective

This study aimed to assess the ability of wearable technology to monitor the nutritional intake of adult participants. This paper describes the development of a reference method to validate the wristband’s estimation of daily nutritional intake of 25 free-living study participants and to evaluate the accuracy (kcal/day) and practical utility of the technology.

Methods

Participants were asked to use a nutrition tracking wristband and an accompanying mobile app consistently for two 14-day test periods. A reference method was developed to validate the estimation of daily nutritional intake of participants by the wristband. The research team collaborated with a university dining facility to prepare and serve calibrated study meals and record the energy and macronutrient intake of each participant. A continuous glucose monitoring system was used to measure adherence with dietary reporting protocols, but these findings are not reported. Bland-Altman tests were used to compare the reference and test method outputs (kcal/day).

Results

A total of 304 input cases were collected of daily dietary intake of participants (kcal/day) measured by both reference and test methods. The Bland-Altman analysis had a mean bias of −105 kcal/day (SD 660), with 95% limits of agreement between −1400 and 1189. The regression equation of the plot was Y=−0.3401X+1963, which was significant (P<.001), indicating a tendency for the wristband to overestimate for lower calorie intake and underestimate for higher intake. Researchers observed transient signal loss from the sensor technology of the wristband to be a major source of error in computing dietary intake among participants.

Conclusions

This study documents high variability in the accuracy and utility of a wristband sensor to track nutritional intake, highlighting the need for reliable, effective measurement tools to facilitate accurate, precision-based technologies for personal dietary guidance and intervention.
Developing a Taxonomy of Communication Techniques and Aids Used By Healthcare Providers During Patient Consultations: Protocol for a Systematic Review
Authors: Shersher Violetta , Haines Terry P , Williams Cylie , Willoughby Louisa , Sturgiss Elizabeth , Weller Carolina
Published: April 2020

Background

Currently, there is no available standardized taxonomy of defined communication techniques and aids used by healthcare providers during patient consultations. It is challenging to identify communication techniques that contribute to effective healthcare provider and patient consultations and to replicate communication interventions in research.

Objective

The aim of this paper is to describe a protocol for the development and pilot of a taxonomy of communication techniques and aids used by healthcare providers during patient consultations.

Methods

A systematic review will be completed to identify eligible studies. Extracted techniques and aids will be organized into a preliminary taxonomy by a multidisciplinary team. The preliminary taxonomy will be piloted by two groups: research assistants trained in taxonomy application and healthcare providers and healthcare professional students not trained in taxonomy use. The pilot will use custom developed video footage of health provider and patient interactions. Interrater validity and interview feedback will be used to inform a Delphi panel of multidisciplinary healthcare providers and patient experts when they convene to finalize the preliminary taxonomy.

Results

This study was funded in November 2017 by the Monash University Interdisciplinary Research Seed Funding Scheme. Data collection commenced in March 2018, and data analysis is in progress. We expect the results to be published in 2021.

Conclusions

This is the first known attempt to develop a defined and standardized taxonomy of communication techniques and aids used by healthcare providers in patient consultations. The findings will be used to inform future research by providing a detailed taxonomy of healthcare providers’ communication techniques and standardized definitions.

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)

DERR1-10.2196/16801
A Scalable System for Passively Monitoring Oral Health Behaviors Using Electronic Toothbrushes in the Home Setting: Development and Feasibility Study
Authors: Shetty Vivek , Morrison Douglas , Belin Thomas , Hnat Timothy , Kumar Santosh
Published: April 2020

Background

Dental disease (including dental caries and periodontal disease) is largely preventable and closely linked to inadequate oral health behaviors. Digital health technologies have great potential for unobtrusively monitoring brushing behaviors in home settings and promoting optimal oral self-care routines at scale.

Objective

The aim of this study is to leverage the ubiquity of electronic toothbrushes and smartphones with the development of a Remote Oral Behaviors Assessment System (ROBAS) and evaluate its feasibility for passively tracking brushing behaviors in real-world settings.

Methods

We developed ROBAS by linking inertial sensors contained within consumer electronic toothbrushes to a scalable software platform comprised of a smartphone app linked to a cloud platform. First, the criterion validity of ROBAS for accurately capturing brushing details was established in a laboratory setting. Next, real-world performance and usability were evaluated in a stratified community sample of 32 participants who used ROBAS daily for 1 month and maintained a diary of their brushing episodes. Semistructured interviews at baseline and exit captured the user experience. We used regression models and Bland-Altman analyses to assess the criterion validity, functionality, accuracy, and consistency of ROBAS.

Results

Using a stopwatch as the criterion reference, ROBAS showed a mean absolute percent error (MAPE) of 1.8%, an estimated bias of 0.64 seconds that was not statistically distinguishable from zero (95% CI –0.93 to 2.22 seconds, SE 0.79), and a connection failure rate of 6.7% (95% CI 0.8%-22.1%, SE 4.6%). In real-world testing, ROBAS showed close agreement with the daily diary recordings of brushing episodes; estimated average discrepancies between the diary and ROBAS were 0.13 sessions per day (95% CI 0.01-0.26, SE 0.06), 8.0 seconds per brushing session (95% CI 1.4-14.7, SE 3.3), and 30 seconds of brushing per day (95% CI 9.3-50.1, SE 10.0). Retrospective self-reports produced substantially higher estimates of brushing frequency and duration compared to ROBAS measurements. Participants reported ROBAS was easy to use and expressed an interest in receiving ROBAS-delivered feedback on their brushing behaviors. Most participants were bothered by the use of an additional study phone, and some reported connectivity-related issues.

Conclusions

ROBAS has a high criterion validity for measuring oral health behaviors. It can accurately and reliably monitor brushing patterns in home settings for extended periods. Unobtrusive data collection through ROBAS sets the stage for automated coaching and optimization of oral self-care practices at the individual and population level.
CONCEPT OF THE SYSTEM OF MARINE MOBILE MEDICAL COMPLEXES
Authors: Bogdanov A. A. , Chernykh A. V.
Published: April 2020

The modern strategy for the development of health care includes as one of the priorities maximum approach of medical services to the consumer. To solve this problem in the conditions of the Navy, it is advisable to create mobile medical complexes placed on specially equipped vessels. For the full and operational medical support of the fleet forces in specified areas of the world’s ocean at different distances from the main base sites, a system of marine mobile medical complexes should be created. In peacetime the system should include hospital ships, multipurpose vessels with a hospital on board, mobile polyclinic mobile complexes and high-speed ambulance boats. During the period of danger, the possibility should be provided for the rapid re-equipment of hospital and multifunctional vessels, as well as polyclinic complexes with an increase in evacuation capacity and an increase in the volume of medical care. For medical support of an amphibious assault operation on universal amphibious ships, a quick re-equipment of the premises specially allocated during the design process to medical facilities for emergency medical assistance and evacuation of the wounded to coastal medical institutions should be provided. In wartime, for the provision of medical care and evacuation of the wounded, vessels of various purposes must be used, the projects of which contain the capabilities and algorithms for their quick conversion into sanitary transports. Variants of the main tactical and technical characteristics of vessels of various classes intended for medical support of the fleet forces are proposed. A significant problem in the operation of medical vessels is their low patient load in the inter-transit period, which leads to the disqualification of full-time medical staff and reduces the quality of the maintenance of the vessel. When forming the operational-tactical model of operation of medical vessels, special attention should be paid to the staffing algorithms and ensuring that the courts are always ready to perform their tasks.
AUTOMATED CONTROL OF THE ADAPTATION PROCESS TO EDUCATIONAL ACTIVITIES IN CADETS
Authors: Bezkishkiy E. N. , Nikolaenko I. O. , Zagarov E. S. , Tyagnerev A. T. , Linchenko S. N. , Zhmakin I. A. , Chebotov S. A.
Published: April 2020

Introduction. Characteristic features of tense and dangerous activities of ship and vessel specialists require constant development of their medical and psychophysiological following-up including at the stage of studying at a university and mastering a marine specialty. Complex education program for cadets often results in dysadaptation disorders and disability for successful completion. Therefore, early detection and prevention of these disorders are extremely necessary. Purpose of work: assessment of the possibilities of using an automated system for dynamic control of the process of adaptation to educational activities among cadets of marine specialties.

Materials and methods. In the course of the work, 120 cadets were examined in the initial period of their education at universities. The studies were carried out using an automated system of screening monitoring of functional state, designed on a modular basis and developed for Navy orders’ use.

The research results showed that automated systems of psychophysiological control available at the Navy make it possible to perform diagnostics of maladaptive manifestations in cadets, to carry out objective assessment and detail the revealed violations, and to forecast further dynamics of the functional state. This was evidenced by the presence of a statistically confirmed relationship between the integral indicators of the functional state recorded by the automated system and expert assessments of adaptation to educational and training activities at the university.

Conclusion. The automated system of dynamic control of the functional state and working capacity tested in this work can be effectively used in medical and psychophysiological support of cadets to assess the process of their adaptation to educational activities.
VARIETIES OF INTERPERSONAL BEHAVIOR OF RUSSIAN SEAFARERS DURING WORK IN INTERNATIONAL CREWS
Authors: Lupachev V. V. , Kubasov R. V. , Bogdanov R. B. , Kubasova E. D.
Published: April 2020

Introduction. The psycho-emotional sphere is one of the most prone to the hard conditions of maritime labor. When working in the sea on ships of foreign companies, there are often violations of working conditions. It can cause the emergence of socio-psychological conflicts that turn into psycho-emotional stress. In this regard, the study of the emotional sphere of Russian seafarers working on ships under the flags of foreign states is very relevant.

Objective: to determine the characteristics of the state of the emotional sphere of Russian sailors when working in international crews and justify the need for its correction in the voyage and inter-voyage periods.

Materials and methods. The psycho-emotional state of Russian seafarers who worked on ships of foreign companies was studied in real-time mode during a sea voyage using the method of «Diagnostics of interpersonal relationships» by T. Leary, adapted by L. N. Dog.

Results and its discussion. A rather high level of emotional stress was found during the voyage, probably due to the difficulty of communicating with foreign sailors, the severity of work and, as a result, the occurrence of conflict situations.

Conclusion. Emotional stress can result in the emergence of neurotic reactions in seafarers. For work on ships flying a foreign flag, it is recommended to conduct a careful selection of crews and not allow the conclusion of contracts with psychologically unstable persons.
CORRELATION ANALYSIS OF INDICATORS OF ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHY AND VARIABILITY OF THE HEART RHYTHM IN SEAFARERS OVER TIME DURING THE ARCTIC VOYAGE
Authors: Ishekov A. N. , Ishekov N. S.
Published: April 2020

Introduction.The paper presents a correlation analysis between indicators of variability of heart rhythm and electroencephalogram among professional seafarers and expedition members who first set out on an Arctic voyage. The purpose of the work is to evaluate the compensatory-adaptive reactions of the brain and autonomic regulation of heart in seafarers and expedition members in the Arctic.

Material and methods. Studies were carried out among groups of men of research vessels and expedition members of the Northern (Arctic) Federal University (NArFU) in the amount of 70 people. The subjects were divided into two groups – these are seafarers of the Professor Molchanov research vessel and the Neotrazimy marine rescue tugboat, as well as members of the NArFU expedition who participated in the Arctic marine expedition for the first time. To solve the tasks at the same time, an electroencephalogram (EEG) and heart rhythm variability (HRV) were measured at the beginning of the voyage (65 N) and at the end on the 20–30th day (78 N). Subsequently, a statistical analysis of the indicators and the calculation of correlations between groups were carried out.

The results of the studyshowed that at the beginning of the flight, the subjects had high indicators of regulating body systems, due to the specifics of the influence of negative factors in the high latitudes of the Arctic. However, by the end of the month, a tendency towards a decrease in indicators of cardiac activity regulation and central nervous system (CNS) was observed in the group of seafarers. The obtained correlation relationships between the indicators can be used to control the adaptation of seafarers who first set out on an Arctic voyage.
CHANGES IN THE POWER OF THE EEG THETA RHYTHM IN PERSONS OF DANGEROUS PROFESSIONS DURING SANATORIUM-RESORT CARE
Authors: Evstafeva E. V. , Bykov A. A. , Bielalov V. V. , Zhelezhova I. O. , Trusov V. N.
Published: April 2020

Purpose of work: to evaluate the reactivity of the spectral density of electroencephalogram theta rhythm power in military seafarers of the submarine fleet during the sanatorium-resort rehabilitation.

Materials and methods: on the first and 20th day of the sanatorium-resort rehabilitation on the basis of the Crimean Sanatorium-Resort Complex and Sudak Health Center, the background activity of the electroencephalogram (EEG) was recorded with closed eyes and when performing a cognitive task in 60 seafarer divers.

Results: analysis of variance showed significant changes in the spectral power of the EEG theta rhythm density in all experimental situations studied. In conditions of relative rest, the changes were expressed mainly in a decrease in the theta rhythm power. At the same time, when performing a cognitive task, multidirectional changes in the spectral density of the theta rhythm power were noted: an increase in the fronto-parietal direction of the predominantly left hemisphere and a decrease in other regions of the cerebral cortex.
Traditional Rights of Indigenous People in Indonesia: Legal Recognition and Court Interpretation
Authors: Pradhani Sartika Intaning
Published: April 2020

Indigenous peoples are victims of agrarian conflict, but their existence are not recognized by Indonesia. Indonesia recognizes Adat Law Community, distinct community living in Indonesia according to their Adat Law, and their traditional right. This paper is written based on legal normative research to analyze right of Adat Law Community towards their land and territory; and rule of the court regarding right of Adat Law Community. Adat Law Community has strong relation with their land and territory, namely Ulayat Right which guaranteed in Constitution and regulated in various law and regulation, especially regarding natural resources. Recognition towards Ulayat Right held by Adat Law Community through regional law product is declaratory because it only confirms the exiting right. Court has prominent role to enforce right of Adat Law Community. Constitutional Court has revoked several provisions in law which neglect Ulayat Right of Adat Law Community, such as Adat Forest which defined as state forest located in Adat Law Community’s territory; and Right of Coastal Water which limits Ulayat Right of Adat Law Community to access natural resources in coastal area and small islands. Though Constitutional Court has strengthen right of Adat Law Community, this community still face difficulties to claim their right towards land and territory against government and investor before District Court, High Court, and Supreme Court because those Court more focus on formal legal certainty of Adat Law Community’s authorization towards their land and territory than factual authorization as narrated by the community.
The Authority of Internal Auditor to Prevent Corruption Committed by Civil Servants and Government Official
Authors: Helmi Helmi , Iskandar Iskandar
Published: April 2020

Internal audit is significant to guarantee and ensure the enforcement of laws and regulations as well as to prevent power abuse by civil servants or government officials that may cause financial loss for the country. The purpose of this study is to provide an overview of the authority of internal audit, to describe how this authority is regulated, to depict the authority to prevent power abuse, and to illustrate the protection over and enforcement of administrative law on allegation of power abuse. This study is a normative juridical study analyzing primary and secondary legal material relevant to the subject under study. The result of the study reveals that the authority of internal audit has been set in various legal products. The operating procedures for legal protection over allegation of arbitrary behavior against civil servants or government officials are filing an objection or an appeal against the discovery of the internal audit. If the case is not a subject of investigation of law enforcement officers the accused may contest the finding to Administrative Court and request the judge to review the finding. If the accused is proven to be guilty of abusing power that causes financial loss for the state and, thus, be sentenced for the alleged conduct (inkracht), he or she shall be immediately dismissed from his/her position. The regulation posits that officer who ignores the verdict and continues to keep the  defendant on his/her position shall be penalized.
The Regulation of Natural Resources Law in Australia for Indigenous People
Authors: Vickers Ros
Published: April 2020

Natural resources law in Australia seeks to regulate, protect and conserve natural resources, while providing consideration to the economic value of projects and permit activities to occur. The same environmental laws apply to indigenous peoples as well as other members of the public in Australia. However the recognition of native title rights and sacred sites through legislation can acknowledge the special relationship that indigenous people have with the environment through traditional laws and customs. Indigenous people have a special relationship with their environment that does not easily fall within categories of western values of the environment, and for this reason there is often tension between the common law legal system and indigenous people. While there has been signiﬁcant process working towards a more harmonious regulatory system of natural resources, there is still work to be done. This paper will outline the structure of indigenous rights impacting natural resource regulation in Australia, focusing on the Northern Territory, and will examine the origins of environmental law and indigenous rights
Political Interference in the Administration of Service Delivery in UMLALAZI Local Municipality of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
Authors: Mngomezulu Sengiwakhile
Published: April 2020

South African political interference in the administration of service delivery is a serious problem in many municipalities, where municipalities are experiencing serious challenges in dealing with the interface between politicians and officials. Inappropriate political interference in administrative matters as well as strained relations between key political and administrative officials in the municipalities appear to be the order of the day. To understand the impact or consequences of political interference in the administration of service delivery, a case approach was adopted to evaluate the political interference in the administration of service delivery in uMlalazi Local Municipality of Kwazulu- Natal, South Africa. Participants comprises of Municipal Officials in the administrative side of the municipality, members of Ward Committee as well as other political parties expect the political party in power. The literature seeks to review the political-administrative interface, South African local government service delivery, conflation of legislative and executive roles of local government, reflection on local government performance and the critical issue of poor service delivery in South Africa.
A Randomized Controlled Trial Comparing Glargine U300 and Glargine U100 for the Inpatient Management of Medicine and Surgery Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: Glargine U300 Hospital Trial
Authors: Pasquel Francisco J. , Lansang M. Cecilia , Khowaja Ameer , Urrutia M. Agustina , Cardona Saumeth , Albury Bonnie , Galindo Rodolfo J. , Fayfman Maya , Davis Georgia , Migdal Alexandra , Vellanki Priyathama , Peng Limin , Umpierrez Guillermo E.
Published: April 2020

OBJECTIVE

The role of U300 glargine insulin for the inpatient management of type 2 diabetes (T2D) has not been determined. We compared the safety and efficacy of glargine U300 versus glargine U100 in noncritically ill patients with T2D.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

This prospective, open-label, randomized clinical trial included 176 patients with poorly controlled T2D (admission blood glucose [BG] 228 ± 82 mg/dL and HbA1c 9.5 ± 2.2%), treated with oral agents or insulin before admission. Patients were treated with a basal-bolus regimen with glargine U300 (n = 92) or glargine U100 (n = 84) and glulisine before meals. We adjusted insulin daily to a target BG of 70–180 mg/dL. The primary end point was noninferiority in the mean difference in daily BG between groups. The major safety outcome was the occurrence of hypoglycemia.

RESULTS

There were no differences between glargine U300 and U100 in mean daily BG (186 ± 40 vs. 184 ± 46 mg/dL, P = 0.62), percentage of readings within target BG of 70–180 mg/dL (50 ± 27% vs. 55 ± 29%, P = 0.3), length of stay (median [IQR] 6.0 [4.0, 8.0] vs. 4.0 [3.0, 7.0] days, P = 0.06), hospital complications (6.5% vs. 11%, P = 0.42), or insulin total daily dose (0.43 ± 0.21 vs. 0.42 ± 0.20 units/kg/day, P = 0.74). There were no differences in the proportion of patients with BG <70 mg/dL (8.7% vs. 9.5%, P > 0.99), but glargine U300 resulted in significantly lower rates of clinically significant hypoglycemia (<54 mg/dL) compared with glargine U100 (0% vs. 6.0%, P = 0.023).

CONCLUSIONS

Hospital treatment with glargine U300 resulted in similar glycemic control compared with glargine U100 and may be associated with a lower incidence of clinically significant hypoglycemia.
Succinate and succinate dehydrogenase of mononuclear blood leukocytes as markers of adaptation of mitochondria to hypoxia in patients with exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Belskikh Eduard S. , Uryasiev Oleg M. , Zvyagina Valentina I. , Faletrova Svetlana V.
Published: April 2020

Aim. To study the concentration of succinate and the activity of succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) of mononuclear blood leukocytes as markers of rapid adaptation of mitochondria to hypoxia in patients with exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
Materials and Methods. The study involved 58 patients with COPD and 13 conventionally healthy volunteers of 40-75 years of age. In accordance with GOLD 2018 principles of complex assessment, the patients were divided to groups B (n=18), C (n=20), D (n=20) comparable in age, FEV1 and in pack-of-cigarettes/year index. Patients of D group were characterized by more pronounced hypoxemia. Activity of SDH and concentration of succinate were determined in mononuclear leukocytes isolated from blood.
Results. Patients with exacerbation of COPD divided to groups on the basis of the frequency of exacerbations and evidence of symptoms, were characterized by different severity of disorders of mitochondrial functions of mononuclear leukocytes. Patients of C group had the highest succinate concentration (428 [357;545] nmol/106 cells in I ml of suspension) and SDH activity (64[56;73] nmol of succinate/min * 106 cells of 1 ml of suspension) in mononuclear leukocytes as compared to groups B (1.43-times reduction of succinate, p0.002; 1.88-times reduction of SDH, p=0.0015) and D (2.06-times reduction of succinate, p0.0001; 4.26-times reduction of SDH, p0.0001). Patients of D group demonstrated the most pronounced reduction of markers of adaptation to hypoxia.
Conclusions. A small amount of symptoms in exacerbation of COPD is associated with the highest parameters of the mechanism of rapid adaptation of mitochondria of mononuclear leukocytes to hypoxia. Existence of evident symptoms and frequent exacerbations in patents is associated with a severe frustration of mechanisms of adaptation of mitochondria to hypoxia.
Functional condition of the central nervous system of medical personnel of maternity hospitals
Authors: Kotelevets Elena P. , Kiryushin Valery A.
Published: April 2020

Aim. Analysis of functional capacities of the central nervous system (CNS) of medical personnel of maternity hospitals in the dynamics of the work shift.
Materials and Methods. Using the WAM method, the functional condition of the central nervous system of doctors (obstetricians, gynecologists, neonatologists), nurses (midwives, anesthesiologists, ward nurses) in perinatal centers and maternity hospitals in the cities of Ryazan, Smolensk, Lipetsk, and Kolomna at the beginning and end of the work shift was studied.
Results. Analysis of parameters of operational self-assessment of the functional state of the central nervous system (well-being, activity, mood) revealed the dynamics of reducing the levels of well-being and activity of the main professional groups by the end of the work shift. Calculation of the W+A/M index in the dynamics of the working shift showed its reduction in obstetricians-gynecologists and neonatologists of perinatal centers by 5.0% (p=0.024174) and 10.6% (p=0.026637), respectively; by 10.6% in maternity hospitals in both professional groups (p=0.037452 and 0.039579). Among the nursing staff of perinatal centers, the index decreased in midwives and nurses anesthesiologists by 5.3% (p=0.000752) and 10.6% (p=0.000752), respectively. In groups of nursing staff of maternity hospitals, decrease in the index was determined in anesthesiologists, midwives and ward nurses by 16.7% (p=0.006566), 10.6% (p=0.003385) and 11.2% (p=0.001059), respectively.
Conclusion. Statistically significant differences were found in the analysis of well-being parameters of neonatologists and midwives of perinatal centers, in all the studied respondents of maternity hospitals; of activity in obstetrician-gynecologists, neonatologists and midwives of perinatal centers, in all surveyed respondents of maternity hospitals; of W+A/N index in obstetrician-gynecologists, neonatologists, midwives, in anesthesiologists of perinatal centers and in all studied professional groups of maternity hospitals. Reduction of the functional condition of the central nervous system by the end of the work shift may indicate developing fatigue.
Comparative analysis of the change of bone tissue metabolism condition and cytokine profiles in patients with endoprosthesis instability after primary knee arthroplasty
Authors: Galashina Elena A. , Ulyanov Vladimir Yu. , Gladkova Ekaterina V. , Shpinyak Sergey P. , Bondarenko Aleksandr S.
Published: April 2020

Aim. To define relations between serum concentrations of sRANKL and BMP-2, IL-1, TNF, IL-4 as well as their role in endoprosthesis instability pathogenesis in patients following primary knee arthroplasties.
Materials and Methods. 80 patients were retrospectively divided into 2 groups: there were 40 patients with osteolysis and aseptic instabilities of knee endoprosthesises that had developed before 12 months after the surgery in the 1st group; the 2nd group was made up of 40 patients with implantat-associated inflammations that had developed in 4 weeks to 12 months after primary knee arthroplasties. 20 volunteer donors made up the control group. The enzyme-linked assay was used to define serum content of sRANKL (pg/ml, Biomedica, Austria), BMP-2 (pg/ml, Ray Bio, USA), cytokines TNF (pg/ml), IL-1 (pg/ml) and IL-4 (pg/ml) (Vector-Best, CJSC, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation). The comparative analysis of statistically significant indicants was performed defining Spearman rank correlation coefficient.
Results. Positive statistically valid relations of average force between concentrations of sRANKL and BMP-2, TNF, IL-4 were found in patients of the first group in 1 month after surgeries. In 12 months positive relations of the parameters under study subsisted although the relation with IL-4 absented. The emerging of moderate negative statistically significant relations of sRANKL with BMP-2 and TNF was observed in patients of the 2nd group in 1 month after surgeries. In 12 months negative relations of average force between sRANKL and BMP-2 subsisted, also new moderate relations emerged: negative relation of BMP-2 with IL-1 as well as positive of sRANKL with IL-1 and TNF, IL-1 with IL-4.
Conclusion. We found that the disorder of metabolic processes in bone tissue surrounding the implantat with the predominance of osteoclastogenesis activating pro-inflammatory cytokines might be the pathogenic factors of endoprosthesis instability development in patients following primary knee arthroplasty.
Cardiomyopathy in children – clinical, genetic and morphological aspects
Authors: Saryeva Olga P. , Kulida Ludmila V. , Protsenko Elena V. , Malysheva Maria V.
Published: April 2020

Cardiomyopathy is one of serious and complex problems of pediatric cardiology. Many of them are the cause of sudden death and are familial in character. Disappointing statistics increases the relevance of the problem of cardiomyopathy and dictates the need for in-depth study of the etiology and pathogenesis, structural bases and experience in clinical and morphological diagnosis of this pathology in children. Of particular importance from a practical point of view is the development of prognostic factors in primary and secondary cardiomyopathies. This literature review provides information on the etiology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, pathomorphological changes and outcomes of such cardiomyopathies as hypertrophic, dilated cardiomyopathies, non-compact left ventricular myocardium and histiocytoid cardiomyopathy. Peculiarities of restructure of the myocardium in the analyzed cardiomyopathies and their relationship with systolic and diastolic myocardial dysfunction are shown. Molecular genetic aspects of diagnosis of etiology and pathogenesis of this pathology in children are given in detail. The necessity of systematic pathomorphological study of the heart with full analysis of contractile, conducting microcirculatory and neuroautonomic structures in considered variants of cardiovascular pathology is emphasized. These data will help outline future research priorities for this group of diseases to provide earlier diagnosis, improve clinical outcomes and the quality of life of these children and their families.