bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A New European Philosophy on Recovery and Resilience. The Recovery and Resilience Facility and the Impact over Member States.
Authors: Natea Mihaela Daciana
Published: March 2022

The EU offers different funds to member states for investments and development in infrastructure, governance, economy, and society. They are targeted towards the EU priorities and national necessities, offering the chance for member states and partner states to adapt to the new challenges. The COVID 19 pandemic tested states, societies and economies, and pinpointed towards needs which previously occupied a less important role in EU funding. Moreover, European states needed tailor made solutions for the post-crisis context, which will help them recover fast from the domino effect of the pandemic. All these were gathered in the Recovery and Resilience Facility, which, based on national plans, offer funds for a rapid recovery and investments in key sectors. The mechanism revealed an entire philosophy in approaching resilience and recovery, as, even if states followed the same rules in developing the plan, they oriented funds for different investments, reforms or activities.

The present article overviews the manner in which states channeled their resilience and recovery plans, as they offer different philosophies in approaching recovery and resilience.
A review on recirculating aquaculture system: influence of stocking density on fish and crustacean behavior, growth performance, and immunity
Authors: Mugwanya Muziri , Dawood Mahmoud A.O. , Kimera Fahad , Sewilam Hani
Published: March 2022

The human population is expected to reach 9.7 billion by 2050. This in turn will put more pressure on the limited available resources such as land and freshwater. Combined with the high food demand, highly virulent pathogens, and worsening effects of climate change, cases of chronic hunger and malnutrition are expected to escalate in the future. Therefore, the implementation of sustainable food production systems is crucial in safeguarding food security. Recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS) have gained much attention today for the intensive production of certain aquatic species in controlled conditions. In these systems, wastewater is purified via several water purification steps and recycled back into the system. As such, water quality parameters such as water temperature, dissolved oxygen, dissolved carbon dioxide, pH, total ammonia-nitrogen, nitrites, nitrates, and total soluble solutes are maintained within the desirable range required for proper growth and survival of the reared species. However, maintenance of good water quality largely depends on certain factors, most noticeably, the stocking density. Stocking densities below and above the recommended optimal levels negatively impact the behavior, growth performance, and immunity of reared animals. As a consequence, huge production losses are incurred. This review, therefore, aims to discuss the effect of stocking density on behavior, growth performance, feed utilization, and immunity of reared species in RAS. Moreover, optimum stocking densities of several aquatic species reared in RAS under certain culturing conditions are highlighted for sustainable production of food.
Effects of exercise training on depression and anxiety with changing neurotransmitters in methamphetamine long term abusers: A narrative review
Authors: Arazi Hamid , Dadvand Seyedeh Shiva , Suzuki Katsuhiko
Published: March 2022

Study aim: It is generally accepted that methamphetamine (MA) is a highly addictive psychostimulant which copies functions of certain neurotransmitters in the brain, and emits dopamine and serotonin in the brain. Frequent abuse of methamphetamine damages dopaminergic and serotonergic nerve endings at different sites of brain and also increases the anxiety and depression. Exercise seems to reverse physiological and neurological damages due to previous MA dependents and help to reduce anxiety and depression in this population. The aim is to determine the effect of exercise training on neurotransmitters and rate of depression and anxiety in chronic methamphetamine abusers based on a literature review.

Materials and methods: The present study investigated published articles in five computerized databases including Magiran, Google scholars, SID, PubMed and Scopus from 2011 until 2020. The searched keywords included sports, neurotransmitter, methamphetamine, depression, anxiety and treatment. The obtained results were described using texts, table and figure.

Results: According to the results, physical activity and exercise significantly increased blood serotonin and dopamine levels and significantly decreased the depression and anxiety.

Conclusion: Different evidences suggested that physical activity and exercise as positive responses and adaptations might influence on circulatory levels of two neurotransmitters (serotonin and dopamine) in methamphetamine addicts, decrease anxiety and depression, and improve preparation in previous MA dependents. In the rehabilitation period, the overall improvement in previous MA dependents might significantly increase. Exercise training can improve the physical and mental state of people addicted to methamphetamine as a non-drug therapy to promote health. However, more research is necessary to support this conclusion.
Identity markers in the Internet usernames adopted by female users of a Persian public discussion forum: A sociolinguistic analysis
Authors: Jadesi Nasimeh Nouhi
Published: March 2022

Drawing on the feminist poststructuralist perspective, the current study explored the usernames adopted by female users of Ninisite, that is, a Persian discussion forum, and aimed at identifying their identity markers. To this end, a corpus of 947 usernames in Ninisite was compiled. Using thematic analysis, the recurrent themes in the usernames were pinpointed, which led to the identification of six themes as identity markers, namely, gender, religion/ideology, ethnicity, occupation/profession, being humorous, and sense of uniqueness. With regard to the socioculturally unique context of Iran, a continuum of specificity versus generality can be observed in the usernames on Ninisite, with specificity emphasizing differences, sense of uniqueness, and individualization of the users, and generality highlighting neutrality, commonalities, and conventionality.
The Assessment of Unmanned Vessel Operation in Heavy Traffic Areas. Case Study of the North Sea Crossing by Unmanned Surface Vessel Sea-Kit
Authors: Zwolak Karolina , Miętkiewicz Rafał , Dąbrowska Julia , Tinmouth Neil
Published: March 2022

The continuous development of autonomous and unmanned technology is accelerating the adoption of unmanned vessels for various maritime operations. Despite the technological developments there is still a lack of clear regulatory and organizational frameworks for testing and exploiting the potential of unmanned surface vessels (USVs) in real-world maritime conditions. Such real-world testing becomes ever more complex when operating in multiple nations territorial waters. In May 2019 USV ‘Maxlimer’ crossed the North Sea from the United Kingdom to Belgium and back, carrying goods, to demonstrate the ability of unmanned surface vessels to interact with real marine traffic in an uncontrolled environment. The paper presents this mission in light of the current state of marine autonomy projects as well as the regulatory works conducted by various organizations worldwide.
Peran Perubahan Karakter Tokoh Utama Dalam Membangun Suspense Pada Film “POSESIF”
Authors: Itafiana Lina , Mulyaningsih Endang , Retnowati Dyah Arum
Published: March 2022

ABSTRAKFilm Posesif dikategorikan sebagai film romantic suspense pertama di perfilman Indonesia. Posesif menjadi salah satu dari banyak sisi kehidupan remaja yang dieksplorasi dan dikemas dalam bentuk film layar lebar. Posesif menawarkan keunikan cerita dari drama cinta remaja kebanyakan yang terlalu picisan dan sangat kental dengan stereotipe happy ending. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan deskriptif dengan mendeskripsikan cerita dalam bentuk treatment dan mengarakteristikan tokoh Lala. Adegan yang telah direduksi dipaparkan dalam bentuk potongan gambar dari film Posesif terkait peran karakter tokoh Lala. Selanjutnya menemukan hambatan, resiko serta foreshadowing sebagai pembangun suspense pada setiap adegan. Kemudian menganalisis keterkaitan dua variabel tersebut dengan teori yang menjadi landasan penelitian. Hasil kajian ditemukan ditemukan adanya peran karakter dalam narasi pada tokoh Lala diantaranya: Donor, Penolong, Pengirim, Putri, dan Pahlawan Palsu. Setiap perubahan yang terjadi membangun adanya suspense yang menimbulkan gerak dramatik pada cerita, sehingga menciptakan suatu keadaan dimana perhatian penonton menjadi lebih tinggi.  Kata Kunci: Film Posesif, Karakter, Suspense, Vladimir Propp ABSTRACT“Posesif” film is categorized as the first romantic suspense movie in the Indonesian film industry. Possessive become one of many teenage life facets that are explored and packed in a big-screen movie form. “Posesif” offers a unique story from teenage love dramas that usually are too cheap and thick with the stereotype of a happy ending. This research is qualitative research with a descriptive approach by describing the story in a treatment form and characterized Lala’s character. The scene that has been reduced is presented in the form of pictures cut from the “Posesif” film related to the characteristic role of Lala’s character. Next find obstacles, risks, and foreshadowing as suspense builder in every scene. Then analyze the correlation between these two variables with the basic theory of the research. The results of the study found a character role in the narrative of Lala’s character, including Donor, Helper, Dispatcher, Princess, and False Hero. Every change that occurs develops suspense that raises dramatic motions to the story, which creates a situation where the audience’s attention becomes higher. Keywords: Film Posesif, Character, Suspense, Vladimir Propp
PRIMENA ALATA BREND CANVAS U PROCESU REBRENDIRANJA
Authors: Jelić Marina
Published: March 2022

Cilj ovog rada jeste analziza mo­gućnosti primene brend kanvas alata u procesu izgradnje brenda. U radu je opisan proces implementacije brend kanvasa na primeru brenda Najbolja Tehnološka Inovacija.
KOMPARATIVNA ANALIZA PROCESA UPRAVLJANJA ODNOSIMA SA KORISNICIMA
Authors: Sudžum Bojana
Published: March 2022

Predmet ovog rada jeste da se prikaze komparativna analiza procesa upravljanja sa korisnicima u dva preduzeća i utvrde elementi koji najvise utiču na taj proces. Takođe, u radu ce biti prikazane i teorijske osnove koncepta upravljanja odnosima sa korisnicima, istraživanje, predlog mjera unapređenja i zaključak.
A SABEDORIA PRÁTICA NA LITERATURA DE CORDEL
Authors: Libório Luiz Alencar , Ferreira Luzia Valladão
Published: March 2022

A phronesis do poeta nordestino, perceptível em algumas produções da literatura de cordel se expande, atualmente, na mídia televisiva, mas da sua origem ibérica sobreviveu e se fortalece no Nordeste brasileiro. Valendo-se do método científico histórico, o presente artigo busca encontrar na literatura de cordel, um estilo diferenciado, mas propício ao uso da Sabedoria Prática que, desde tempos imemoriais, se faz presente na humanidade. Possuidores de um dom considerado divino, cordelistas cristãos alcançam a atenção de um grande número de pessoas que se encantam com a harmonia poética de suas composições cantadas ou simplesmente narradas em feiras de cidades interioranas. Tal estilo, em geral num linguajar destituído de regras gramaticais, com significativa sabedoria, se apresenta como uma forma de transmitir, entre outros temas, também a Palavra de Deus. Tomando um cordel como exemplo, constatamos, não apenas a narração de passagens da Sagrada Escritura nesta literatura, mas uma catequese simples e acessível a letrados e iletrados, o que revela, na autora, a presença de uma Sabedoria Prática em conexão com textos bíblicos. Inferimos, assim, que esta é uma literatura de grande relevância pela aproximação com pessoas simples, de religiosidade muitas vezes primitiva, mas possuidoras de forte espiritualidade.
OUVINTE DA PALAVRA: sobre o primeiro capítulo da obra de Karl Rahner
Authors: Silva Washington Luiz Barbosa da
Published: March 2022

Ouvinte da Palavra, Hörer des Wortes, é resultado do recolhimento de quinze conferências, em único volume, da Semana Universitária de Sazburg realizadas por Karl Rahner. O objetivo das lições era fundamentar a Filosofia da Religião. O título da obra, expressão bíblica significando a posição do ser humano ante a Revelação de Deus, sintetiza o conteúdo da obra. É uma síntese filosófico-religiosa fiel ao pensamento tomista – onde filosofia, pensada em sentido estrito, é a consciência natural de Deus e da religião –, mas voltada aos princípios da filosofia contemporânea.
Neonatal outcome in COVID-19 pregnant women in District Hospital, Ballari
Authors: Damala Bhavana , Shankar M. Veera , Rao M. Balavenkateshwara , Jayalakshmi N. , Kumar P. Sunil , Venkatesh M. , Sanjay S. , Ganesh Y. , Sampath M.
Published: March 2022

Objectives:

This study aims to study the neonatal COVID-19 incidence and outcome in District Hospital, Ballari.

Materials and Methods:

This is a retrospective analytic study of 171 neonates born to COVID-19-positive pregnant women delivered at District Hospital, Ballari, Karnataka, during the period of April 2020–September 2020.

Results:

The study was conducted among 171 babies delivered to COVID-19-positive pregnant women delivered in District Hospital, Ballari. Out of which, 62 babies were admitted in SNCU for various indications such as respiratory distress syndrome (4), meconium aspiration syndrome (8), other causes of respiratory distress (13), birth asphyxia (8), neonatal jaundice (14), hypoglycemia (1), preterm care (8), and neonatal COVID-19 (1). Out of 171 neonates born to COVID-19-positive mothers, only 7 (4%) neonates were tested positive for reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. A total of three babies were symptomatic, among those, two had refusal of feeds and one had respiratory distress and hypernatremic dehydration.

Conclusion:

In this study, COVID-19-positive neonates had milder manifestation with transmission rate of 4%. All symptomatic babies got cured and discharged successfully with average length of stay for 4 days. Although our conclusions are limited, the findings conclude that neonatal COVID-19 outcome is not as severe as seen in adults.
Site-Suitability Analysis on Seismic Stations using Geographic Information Systems
Authors: Halim Ida Sharmiza A. , Rambat Shuib , Noh Muhammad Ramzanee M.
Published: March 2022

The Ranau Earthquake which took place on 5 June 2015 was captured as among the worst ever disasters in Malaysia, par with the tsunami tragedy in 2004. Apart from 18 casualties and physical damage to infrastructure, the earthquake also caused landslides, rockfalls and debris flow around Mount Kinabalu. It also caused liquefaction in the Poring Hot Spring area. Although Malaysia has seismic stations to assess local and international earthquakes, academic researchers still find the distribution of seismic stations as insufficiently dense to provide accurate information where blind spots still exist in many places, particularly in earthquake prone areas. A strategic suggestion to address these existing gaps is by installing more sensitive seismic stations in strategic areas to enhance the precision, timeliness and content of earthquake information. Therefore, this study is primarily aimed to identify the criteria used in a site-suitability analysis on seismic stations as well as to suggest strategic locations for subsequent seismic stations to be included in the local seismic monitoring network. This study employed a GIS-based MCDA tool to create a suitability map for the placement of seismic stations in one of Malaysia's earthquake-prone locations, specifically the district of Niah Suai in Sarawak. The study's findings demonstrate GIS' capacity to combine multiple data layers with varied criteria to generate an acceptable suitability map. The acquired results were thoroughly discussed using descriptive analysis in order to meet the study objectives. The findings of this study may be used to enhance the existing technique employed by MET Malaysia in identifying suitable sites for seismic station placement. An improved seismic station network would aid MET Malaysia in delivering effective and reliable information to the National Disaster Agency for mitigation and preparation against disasters.
Drought and Public Health Challenges: Analysing causations and interventions
Authors: Oladejo Abiodun Omotayo
Published: March 2022

Water stress, occasioned by irregular and insufficient rainfall, has been found to have far-reaching impacts on human lives and livelihoods. Often, these impacts have been linked to agriculture, industry and household water needs. In transcending these usual narratives about drought impacts, this study attempts to discuss the drought-health nexus which is an area of scholarship that has not gained much attention. Relying on extant literature as data source and content analysis as analytical tool, the study highlights the impacts of drought on public health. The study recommends early warning systems (EWSs), scenario planning (SP) etc. as interventions which can ameliorate the impacts of drought on public health.
Establishment of an efficient in vitro propagation system for Holostemma annulare (Roxb.) K. Schum. using SH medium
Authors: Smitha Devi P.S. , Preetha T.S. , Hemanthakumar A.S.
Published: March 2022

Holostemma annulare (Roxb.) K. Schum. (Asclepiadaceae) is an important medicinal herb and its root tubers are an important ingredient of the drug ‘jivanti’. Here, a more reliable procedure of in vitro propagation of the plant is discussed using SH nutrient medium formulation that facilitates the in vitro multiplication and establishment without callusing from the basal region of shoots that was prominent in the earlier protocols. Surface sterilization of the nodal explants with 10% (v/v) NaOCl for 12 minutes followed by 0.1% (w/v) HgCl2 for 8 minutes exhibited 90% shooting response. The in vitro initiated shoots subcultured to SH medium fortified with 2.0 mgl-1 BA in combination with 0.5 mgl-1 Kinetin and 1.0 mgl-1 IBA produced maximum 7.16±0.15 shoots. Better root induction of the in vitro raised shoots was noticed in SH medium augmented with 0.01 mgl-1 NAA that induced a mean number of 5.65±0.23 thin, long, white coloured roots. The plantlets were transferred to polythene bags containing river sand:garden soil (1:1) for acclimatization, further transplanted in garden soil and river sand mixture (3:1) in earthern pots in the greenhouse and subsequently to the field got established at 80% efficiency. They produced tuberous roots after 4 months of field establishment. Thus, the study standardized an improved system of in vitro propagation of H. annulare using SH medium and this protocol can be extended for long-term conservation methods such as cryoconservation and also for the in vitro production of bioactive metabolites.
A review of the co-digestion of different organic wastes in biogas production
Authors: Thiruvengadam S. , Kamalesh R. , Gokula Narayanan S. , Sankar M.
Published: March 2022

The global electricity demand will probably double in the upcoming years owing to the elevation in population and economics. The deviant use of conventionally available fossil fuels and the effect of the greenhouse fuel emission have let the researchers flip their effort closer to discovering renewable power manufacturing from natural bio wastes. The codigestion of natural wastes involves the large-scale production of biogas by nullifying the inhibitory impact and making the digestion procedure economically viable. This study provides an assessment of lookup accomplishments on the functions of natural bio wastes that are collected nowadays into the co-digestion of biogas production. Co-digesting wastes at the acceptance rate and appropriate period will augment the yield of biogas manufacturing than the digestion of wastes alone. This evaluation consists of the dialogue over the pretreatments (mechanical, chemical, thermal and biological) worried earlier than the preliminary process, elements affecting the effectivity of the biogas consequence (temperature, pH, ammonia, risky fatty acids, OLR, C/N ratio and hydraulic retention time).
Analysis genetic variation and phylogenetic relationships of local lotus collected in Thua Thien hue province, Vietnam by DNA barcoding
Authors: Long Dang Thanh , Hong Hoang Thi Kim , Tram Le Ly Thuy
Published: March 2022

Universal conventional DNA barcodes will become more and more popular in plant species using short sequences of chloroplast DNA identifications. DNA mini-barcode is a solution for such specific purposes. Here we exemplify how to develop the best minibarcodes for specific taxa using the Nelumbo nucifera as an example. Six chloroplast DNA regions (accDpsaI, ndhA, psbE-petL, Rpl32-trnL, trnW – psaJ, trnSGCU-trnGGCC) were tested for their suitability as DNA barcoding regions of thirty three lotus samples (white and pink) which were collected in Thua Thien Hue province, Vietnam. Universal primers were used and sequenced products were analyzed using Minimum Evolution method in the MEGA X program. The sequences accD-psaI; ndhA and psbE-petL did not show any variable sites and none of the regions used in the study allowed the division of white and pink lotus varieties of N. nucifera species according to the adopted classification of the genus Nelumbo. The results confirm that the use of individual six gene regions or combining all six regions together is insufficient for DNA barcoding in white and pink lotus varieties of N. nucifera species. The neutrality tests were negative values for total six gene regions, indicating an excess of rare nucleotide site variants suggesting that either population expansion or background selection has occurred. However following Fu’s Fs test, the hypothesis of netural evolution was significantly rejected for all regions of the studied lotus population. Strobeck’s S, the probability of obtaining equal or fewer haplotypes based on gene frequency and mutation rate, was low in population ranging from 0.183 to 0.549. These results are not consistent with deviation from neutrality due to either selection or population expansion. Our results also indicate the necessity of using a different region.
Screening and optimization of candidate alkaline protease for dehairing potential from marine Bacillus paramycoides M2
Authors: Mandragutti Teja , Dokka Muni Kumar , Sanapala Pavani , Karrotu Chandana Vineela , Godi Sudhakar
Published: March 2022

Alkaline proteases are active from neutral to alkaline pH range and have extensive applications in detergent and leather industries. In the present research, bacteria isolated from marine water samples were screened for proteolytic activity. Among the isolates, M2 showed maximum proteolysis with a clear zone when cultured on skim milk agar plates at 37°C for 24 h. Molecular identification using 16S rRNA sequencing and phylogenetic analysis revealed that M2 has sequence identity (99.93%) to Bacillus paramycoides. SEM analysis was carried for determining the morphology of M2 and also for enzyme treated skin. FAME analysis using GCMS was performed for the determination of fatty acids in the strain. The selected isolate was inoculated into protease production medium under submerged fermentation conditions at 37ºC for 48 h with a constant agitation of 120 rpm. Protease activity was determined under varying conditions of pH, incubation temperature, carbon and nitrogen sources, metal ions and NaCl (1- 5%) using casein as substrate. The isolate M2 utilized molasses and peptone as carbon and nitrogen sources for better alkaline protease production at 40°C and pH 10 under optimal conditions. The dehairing experiments with M2 alkaline protease revealed dehairing efficacy of protease over chemical treatment. Hence, extracellular alkaline protease from M2 isolate could find potential application in leather processing industries and can be exploited commercially.
Genetic profiling of Mitochondrial DNA revealed two variants of U2 haplogroup associated with T2DM in a South Indian population
Authors: Lakshmi G.L. , Dasgupta Shruti , Salman Mohammed , Singh Mugdha , Sanjay K.R.
Published: March 2022

The present case-control study was conducted to examine the association between mitochondrial DNA and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in a South Indian population. The complete mitochondrial DNA sequencing from 438 individuals including 217 T2DM patients and 221 controls was carried out. An association of haplogroup U2 (odds ratio= 3.876; 95% CI: 1.240-12.116; P = 0.011) with an increased risk of T2DM in South Indian population was found by using haplogroup classification and association test. Two marker SNPs of haplogroup U2, m.1811A>G (MT-RNR2) (OR = 1.806, CI = 1.025-3.184, P value = 0.041) and m.16051A>G (D-loop) (OR = 2.511, CI = 1.166-5.409, P value = 0.019) were found to have significant association with occurrence of T2DM even after adjusting for gender and age. Though the results provide evidence that mitochondrial variants are major contributors to T2DM risk, they need to be confirmed with replication study in larger sample size.
Adsorption isotherms by linear and non-linear methods for dye onto Chitosan Nanoparticle – Montmorillonite Nanocomposite (CSNP-MMT)
Authors: Rajaduraipandian S. , Mariappan E. , Amutha E. , Gandhimathi S. , Annadurai G.
Published: March 2022

In this study, we investigate the dye adsorption capacity and properties of a Chitosan Nanoparticle-MMT Nanocomposite (CSNP - MMT nanocomposite). Chitosan nanoparticles combined with MMT nanocomposite demonstrated excellent adsorption capacity for Rhodamine 6G dye. Adsorption isotherms were used to determine the maximum adsorption capacity and rate of adsorption, demonstrating the superior efficiency of chitosan nanoparticle with MMT nanocomposite over their individual counterparts. With the evaluation of diffusion studies, the mechanism of adsorption is also proposed. In batch experiments, the effects of dosage, pH and temperature on the adsorption process were investigated. The Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin isotherm models were used to fit the equilibrium data and the best-fit model was determined using the coefficient of determination (R2). The Langmuir model was found to be the best-fitting with R2 very close to unity (0.9995–0.9863) and the highest biosorption capacity 34.26mg/g at 30 °C.
Isomerization of Silylnitrene to Silanimine: A Density Functional Study
Authors: Parashar Renu , Bansal Sunita
Published: March 2022

Density functional theory is used to study the isomerization of closed- shell singlet and triplet silylnitrene to corresponding silanimine. Our calculation predicted that singlet silylnitrene is a first order saddle point and silylnitrene has a triplet ground state. The energy barrier of 79.0 Kcal mol-1 is predicted for the 1,2- hydrogen migration (i.e. isomerization) of triplet H3SiN → H2SiNH. It is also predicted that intermediate silylnitrene is not present during the direct photolysis of silyl azide for Curtius type rearrangement.
Post Synthesis Architectural Pore Modification of Mobil Five (MFI) Zeolite for Enhancing its Catalytic Activity
Authors: Das Monjumoni , Shah Kishor Kr , Talukdar Anup Kumar
Published: March 2022

Dealumination and desilication of synthesized nanoporous MFI samples have been investigated in order to create and modify the acidity of the samples. Desilication of the synthesised samples carried out by treating the samples by an alkaline solution leads to an impressive nanoporosity development with increase in the acidic properties, while dealumination of the synthesised samples carried out by treating the samples by an acidic solution mainly modifies the acidity of the synthesised MFI zeolite. The present study shows that application of alkaline and acidic treatments results in modification of the MFI zeolites with independently tailored pore architecture and acidic properties. Such modification enhances the catalytic activity of the samples under different conditions. XRD as well as FT-IR studies have been carried out to characterize the formation of the parent as well as modified MFI zeolite. Specific surface area, pore diameter and pore volume of the samples were studied by N2 adsorption-desorption isotherm. BET specific surface area was found to increase with increase in Si/Al molar ratio. The thermal stability of the samples was studied using thermal gravimetric analysis. The synthesised samples were found to show weight loss in three different ranges. The shape and size of crystalline MFI samples were investigated with SEM analysis. The catalytic activity of synthesized parent and modified MFI zeolites were investigated by the acetalization reaction of cyclohexanone with methanol under different reaction conditions. The % conversions of the dealuminated samples were found to be greater than that of the desilicated catalyst.
Microbial removal of zinc by a zinc resistant bacterium: potential in industrial waste remediation
Authors: Singh Sujeet Pratap , Hasan Saba , Porwal Paras , Sar Pinaki
Published: March 2022

Bioremediation, the use of living or dead microorganism to degrade or remove the waste, has been practised since humans first populated the world and had to dispose of their trash. Heavy metals can be extremely toxic as they damage organs and block functional groups of vital enzymes. Zinc is one of the most important heavy metals often found in effluents discharged and travels via bioaccumulation. The study was aimed in screening of zinc resistant/accumulator bacterial strains isolated from metal contaminated sites and determining the Zn (II) resistance/accumulation performance of selected bacterial strain as a new biosorbent. The maximum removal of Zn (II) at pH 7.0 was found to be 607 nmol/mg proteins at initial Zn (II) ion concentration of 1.0 mM and the Km value was 0.76mM. Competitive uptake experiments were performed with zinc in the presence of copper, cadmium, chromium, cobalt and nickel ions simultaneously and the zinc uptake was not much affected by these ions. Sensitivity of Zn (II) towards sodium azide, zinc cyanide 0.5% glucose and heat suggested that the process was metabolically inactive. The nature of the possible cell–metal ions interactions was evaluated by chemical and instrumental analysis including X-Ray diffraction and FTIR spectroscopy and revealed the involvement of cellular phosphate and carboxyl groups in zinc binding by the bacterial biomass. Almost 61% of biomass-bound Zn could be recovered using H2SO4 as the desorbing agent. In natural environment some bacterial strains develop resistance mechanisms that lead to the selection of metal resistant strains tolerating high zinc concentration.
УРОЖАЙНОСТЬ ОЗИМОЙ ПШЕНИЦЫ В ЗАВИСИМОСТИ ОТ АГРОФИЗИЧЕСКИХ СВОЙСТВ ПОЧВЫ
Authors: Тураев Ж.И. , Карабаев И.Т. , Бабажанова С.Ю.
Published: March 2022

В статье приводятся данные о достижении получения высокого качественного урожая (63,2 ц/га) сорта озимой пшеницы Краснодар-99 при применении минеральных удобрений нормой N250P140K140.кг/га в условиях староорошаемых слабозасоленных лугово-аллювиалных почв с глубиной залегания грунтовых вод 120-200 см Хорезмской области.
أثر تدريس التربية الإسلامية باستخدام التعلم التكيفي على تنمية مهارات التفكير فوق المعرفي لدى طالبات المرحلة الابتدائية بمكة المكرمة
Authors: العصيمي ريم خضر
Published: March 2022

هدفت الدراسة الحالية إلى التعرف على أثر تدريس التربية الإسلامية باستخدام التعلم التكيفي في تنمية مهارات التفكير فوق المعرفي لدى طالبات المرحلة الابتدائية بمكة المكرمة، ولتحقيق ذلك تم إعداد مقياس مهارات التفكير فوق المعرفي من إعداد الباحثة، وتم التأكد من صدق وثبات الأدوات، وتم إعداد دروس مبحث الفقه من مقرر التربيةللصف السادس الابتدائي باستخدام التعلم التكيفي، واستخدمت الباحثة المنهج التجريبي لتطبيق الدراسة فشملت عينة الدراسة (50) طالبة كمجموعة تجريبية درست باستخدام التعلم التكيفي، (50) طالبة كمجموعة ضابطة درست بالطريقة التقليدية عبر منصة مدرستي، وتم تطبيق أدوات الدراسة تطبيقاً قبلياً للتحقق من تكافؤ المجموعتين ثم تم تدريس دروس الوحدات باستخدام التعلم التكيفي على المجموعة التجريبية، ثم تم تطبيق الأدوات تطبيقاً بعدياً على المجموعتين، واستخدمت الدراسة البرنامج الإحصائيT-Test، SPSS لتحليل النتائج ثم تفسيرها، وقد خلصت الدراسة إلى ما يلي: توجد فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية عند مستوى 0.05 بين متوسطي درجات الطالبات بالمجموعتين التجريبية والضابطة في التطبيق البعدي لمقياس مهارات التفكير فوق المعرفي ككل، وكذلك في مهاراته الفرعية (مهارة تنظيم المعرفة - مهارة معرفة المعرفة - مهارة معالجة المعرفة) لصالح المجموعة التجريبية.
تقييم مقرر الرياضيات للصف الرابع الابتدائي بالمملكة العربية السعودية في ضوء منهجية STEM التكاملية
Authors: المنتشري سهى سهلان , المحمدي نجوى عطيان
Published: March 2022

هدف البحث إلى التعرف على مدى توافر متطلبات STEM في مقرر الرياضيات للصف الرابع الابتدائي بالمملكة العربية السعودية. ولتحقيق هدف الدراسة استخدمت الباحثة المنهج الوصفي بأسلوب تحليل المحتوى، وقد تم بناء قائمة بمتطلبات STEM اللازم توافرها في مقرر الرياضيات للصف الرابع الابتدائي بالمملكة العربية السعودية، والتأكد من صدقها عن طريق عرضها على عدد من المحكمين، ومن ثم تحويلها إلى بطاقة تحليل المحتوى، والتي اشتملت على (58) متطلبًا فرعيًا موزعةً على (5) متطلبات رئيسية كالتالي: (الأهداف، المحتوى، طرق واستراتيجيات التدريس، الوسائل والأنشطة، التقويم). وبعد التأكد من ثباتها تم تحليل محتوى كتب الرياضيات المقررة على الصف الرابع الابتدائي في الفصلين الأول والثاني، ويشمل كتاب (المتعلم، دليل المعلم، مصادر المعلم للأنشطة الصفية، دليل التقويم)، الطبعة 1441-1442ه (2020-2021). وتوصلت الدراسة إلى قائمة بمتطلبات تقييم مقرر الرياضيات للصف الرابع الابتدائي بالمملكة العربية السعودية في ضوء منهجية STEM التكاملية شملت (58) متطلبًا فرعيًا موزعة على خمس متطلبات رئيسية تشمل تقييم (الأهداف، المحتوى، طرق واستراتيجيات التدريس، الأنشطة، التقويم) في ضوء منهجية STEM التكاملية، وتبين من خلال تحليل المحتوى أن متطلبات تقويم مقرر الرياضيات للصف الرابع الابتدائي في ضوء منهجية STEM التكاملية متوافر بدرجة منخفضة جدًا، حيث تراوحت نسب توافر المتطلبات الرئيسة بين (46.76%) و (4.16%).
Three-Dimensional Fully pi-Conjugated Macrocycles: When 3D-Aromatic and when 2D-Aromatic-in-3D?
Authors: El Bakouri Ouissam , Szczepanik Dariusz , Jorner Kjell , Ayub Rabia , Bultinck Patrick , Solà Miquel , Ottosson Henrik
Published: March 2022

Several fully pi-conjugated macrocycles with puckered or cage-type structures were recently found to exhibit aromatic character according to both experiments and computations. We examine their electronic structures and put them in relation to 3D-aromatic molecules (e.g., closo-boranes) and to 2D-aromatic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Using qualitative theory combined with quantum chemical calculations, we find that the macrocycles explored thus far should be described as 2D-aromatic with three-dimensional molecular structures (abbr. 2D-aromatic-in-3D) and not as truly 3D-aromatic. 3D-aromatic molecules have highly symmetric structures (or nearly so), leading to (at least) triply degenerate molecular orbitals, and for molecules with tetrahedral or octahedral structures an aromatic closed-shell electronic structure results with 6n + 2 electrons. On the other hand, 2D-aromatic-in-3D structures exhibit aromaticity that results from the fulfillment of Hückel’s 4n + 2 rule for each individual macrocyclic path, yet, their pi-electron counts are coincidentally 6n + 2 numbers for macrocycles with three tethers of equal lengths. The 3D-macrocyclic molecules, suggested to be 3D-aromatic, are instead similar to naphthalene. It is notable that 2D-aromatic-in-3D macrocyclic cages can be aromatic with tethers of different lengths, i.e., when their pi-electron counts differ from 6n + 2. Finally, we identify tetrahedral and cubic -conjugated molecules that fulfill the 6n + 2 rule and exhibit significant electron delocalization. Yet, their properties resemble those of analogous compounds with electron counts that differ from 6n + 2. Thus, despite that these tetrahedral and cubic molecules show substantial pi-electron delocalization they cannot be classified as true 3D-aromatics.
Binding Reactions at Finite Systems
Authors: Zangi Ronen
Published: March 2022

A perpetual yearn exists among computational scientists to scale-down the size of physical systems, a desire shared as well with experimentalists able to track single molecules. A question then arises whether averages observed at small systems are the same as those observed at large, or macroscopic, systems. Utilizing statistical-mechanics formulations in ensembles in which the total numbers of particles are fixed, we demonstrate that system's properties of binding reactions are not homogeneous functions. That means averages of intensive properties, such as the concentration of the bound-state, at finite-systems are different than those at large-systems. The discrepancy increases with decreasing numbers of particles, temperature, and volume. As perplexing as it may sound, despite these variations in average quantities, extracting the equilibrium constant from systems of different sizes does yield the same value. The reason is that correlations in reactants' concentrations are ought be accounted for in the expression of the equilibrium constant, being negligible at large-scale but significant at small-scale. Similar arguments pertain to the calculations of the reaction rate-constants, more specifically, the bimolecular rate of the forward reaction is related to the average of the product (and not to the product of the averages) of the reactants' concentrations. Furthermore, we derive relations aiming to predict the composition of the system only from the value of the equilibrium constant. All predictions are validated by Monte-Carlo and molecular dynamics simulations. An important significance of these findings is that the expression of the equilibrium constant at finite systems is not dictated solely by the chemical equation but requires knowledge of the elementary processes involved.
Virtual quasi-2D intermediates as building blocks for plausible structural models of amyloid fibrils from proteins with complex topologies: A case study of insulin
Authors: Puławski Wojciech , Dzwolak Wojciech
Published: March 2022

Conformational transitions of globular proteins into amyloid fibrils are complex multistage processes exceedingly challenging to simulate using molecular dynamics (MD). Slow monomer diffusion rates and rugged free energy landscapes disfavor swift self-assembly of orderly amyloid architectures within timescales accessible to all-atom MD. Here, we conduct a multiscale MD study of the amyloidogenic self-assembly of insulin: a small protein with complex topology defined by two polypeptide chains interlinked by three disulfide bonds. In order to avoid kinetic traps, unconventional pre-planarized insulin conformations are used as amyloid building blocks. These starting conformers generated through uniaxial compression of the native monomer in various spatial directions represent 6 distinct (out of 16 conceivable) 2D topological classes varying in N- / C-terminal segments of insulin’s A- and B-chains being placed inside, or outside of the central loop constituted by the middle sections of both chains and Cys7A-Cys7B / Cys19B-Cys20A disulfide bonds. Simulations of the fibrillar self-assembly are initiated through a biased in-register alignment of 2, 3 or 4 layers of flat conformers belonging to a single topological class. The various starting topologies are conserved throughout the self-assembly process resulting in polymorphic amyloid fibrils varying in structural features such as helical twist, presence of cavities, as well as the overall stability. Some of the protofilament structures obtained in this work are highly compatible with the earlier biophysical studies on insulin amyloid and high resolution studies on insulin-derived amyloidogenic peptide models postulating presence of steric zippers. Our approach provides in silico means to study amyloidogenic tendencies and viable amyloid architectures of larger disulfide-constrained proteins with complex topologies.
Unveiling the Structure-Activity Relationships at the Orthosteric Binding Site of P2X Ion Channels: The Route to Selectivity.
Authors: Isaak Andreas , Dobelmann Clemens , Füsser Friederike Theresa , Erlitz Katharina Sophie , Koch Oliver , Junker Anna
Published: March 2022

The orthosteric ATP-binding site of the P2X receptors is poorly understood. Only a few compounds were well characterized for their P2X receptor functional activity and subtype selectivity. This study represents the first fully functional characterization of various ATP derivatives combined with in silico studies to advance the understanding of SARs at the orthosteric binding sites of P2X receptors leading to the identification of several subtype-selective P2X receptor agonists and compounds with agonistic as well as antagonistic profiles.
A Deep Insight into the Application of Linear Free Energy Relationships (LFER) to Five Membered Heterocyclic Ring Systems: A Review
Authors: Rachuru Sanjeev , vandanapu jagannadham
Published: March 2022

Hammett and Taft equations are applied to the acid dissociation equilibriums of 4 and 5-substituted furan, pyrrole, thiophene, tellurophen, isoxazole, pyrazole carboxylic acids, to solvolysis data of 4 and 5-substituted-2-furylmethylcarbinyl p-nitrobenzoates and to the permanganate ion oxidation of 5-substituted-2-furfurals. Excellent correlations were observed in these studies except in the case of 1-Me-4/5-X-3-pyrazole-COOH. In the case of 5-X-2-furoic, pyrrole, thiophene carboxylic acids only the substituent -COOH deviated from these correlations for which possible explanation is given in terms of intramolecular hydrogen bonding between the -COOH and the ring heteroatom and two types of intramolecular hydrogen bonding between -COOH and ring nitrogen atom and -COOH and H of NH of pyrrole. In the case of 3,5-X-4-isoxazole carboxylic acids the -NH2 group at 5 position deviated for which the explanation in terms of H-bonding between -NH2 and -COOH is given. Even the possibility of the formation of zwitterion is not ruled out. 5-X-1, 2, 3-triazole-4-carboxylic acids did not follow any LFER. The solvolysis rate constants of both 4 and 5-substituted-2-furylmethylcarbinyl p-nitrobenzoates correlated well with para substituent constants. Further the correlation with Brown’s + values is still better. It is noteworthy that MnO4- oxidation of 5-X-2-furfural correlated well with all the para, meta and ortho substituent constants. An attempt is made for the first time from our laboratory to apply the LFER to 5 membered ring systems with one heteroatom viz. pyrroles, two heteroatoms viz. pyrazoles, imidazoles, isoxazoles, three heteroatoms viz. the triazoles and four heteroatoms viz. tetrazoles. For the first time we have shown that the pKa values of N(1)H-acidities of 3-X-pyrroles, 3-X-pyrazoles, 4-X-pyrazoles, 4-X-imidazoles, 3-X-1,2,4-triazole, 4-X-1,2,3-triazole and 5-X-1,2,3,4-tetrazoles correlated well with Hammett  values.
Recent Development of Polysaccharide-Derived Hydrogel: Properties, Stimuli-Responsiveness and Bioapplications
Authors: Mukherjee Ishita
Published: March 2022

Hydrogels are three-dimensional, hydrophilic, polymeric frameworks, constructed through diverse physical or chemical crosslinks. Recent research focuses on their physiological stimuli sensitivity enhancing bioapplications. Biopolymers with responsiveness to local environment like temperature, pH etc. form the foundation in this regard, around which all major natural processes are circulated. Polysaccharides, being most the abundant biopolymers and essential constituent of our daily food like cereals and fruits, are readily available in nature. Hence, among numerous biomacromolecules, polysaccharides are extensively used to prepare hydrogel recently. However, incorporation of certain properties to these gels through derivatization can trigger stimuli responsiveness suitable for various applications especially in biomedical field inspired from the mother nature. For example, in situ cross-linking ability may deliver an intermediate platform between solid scaffolds and saline injections through reversible or irreversible sol-gel transition. Easy injectability provides patient’s relief through reducing recovery time and inflectional hazards. Self recovery of gel within body results automatic inflammation and damage recovery of tissues. This review provides a detail impression on the synthesis of natural polysaccharide derived hydrogel network with structural classification to bulk, supramolecular, micro and nano gel. Several properties important from biomedical point such as in situ, injectable, self healing nature of these hydrogels and various physical, chemical, or biochemical stimuli-responsive characteristics are discussed further. Lastly, their major bioapplications are highlighted.
A Case Report: Lamotrigine Induced Steven Johnson Syndrome
Authors: Prakash Gnana
Published: March 2022

A 21 years old male with complaints of erythematous erosive lesions, itchy and burning sensation all over the body for 5 days and multiple erythematous maculopapular lesions on palms and soles, erosive mucosal lesions in oral mucosa, erosive erythematous lesions on the scrotum, discharge from the eye, blurring of vision and redness in both the eyes. The patient was evaluated by three local doctors but not fully diagnosed. The lesions started after taking antidepressant selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI’S) which was Lamotrigine, along with this Aripiprazole-Atypical antidepressant and Desfenlafaxine-a serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI’S) was taken, it was prescribed by a psychologist who thought the patient is depressed, but the patient was inactive due to anemia. The initial dose of Lamotrigine is 25mg per day which can be managed further based on symptoms, but the patient was directly started with 100mg half tablet for 8days along with one 200mg of lamotrigine at night. The patient was not made aware of drug-related information like it’s side effects, improper drug usage and what if dose is missed. After taking patient history and examination the diagnosis was made to be Lamotrigine induced Steven Johnson syndrome (SJS). The patient was not depressed and he was not active as he was anemic. After correct diagnosis, the management was done with a corticosteroid, antihistamines, Pantoprazole, and antibiotic along with mouthwash and eye drops. The recovery period was of 40 days.
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Authors: Prakash Gnana
Published: March 2022

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MASK R-CNN FOR FIRE DETECTION
Authors: Begum Sk Razeena , S Yogananda Datta , M S V Manoj
Published: March 2022

Object detection has an increasing amount of attention in recent years due to its wide range of applications and recent technological breakthroughs. Deep learning is the state-of-art method to perform object detection. This task is under extensive investigation in both academics and real-world applications such as security monitoring, autonomous driving, transportation surveillance, drone scene analysis, robotic vision, etc., It is a computer technology related to computer vision and image processing that deals with detecting instances of semantic objects of a certain class (such as humans, buildings, or cars) in digital images or videos. It not only provides the classes of the objects in an image but also localizes them in that particular image. The location is given in the form of bounding boxes or centroids. Instance segmentation may be defined as the technique that gives fine inference separately for each object by predicting labels for every pixel of that object in the input image. Each pixel is labeled according to the object class within which it is enclosed. We deal with Mask Region-Based Convolutional Neural Network (Mask R-CNN) to implement instance segmentation and detection of fire in a video or an image which can be used in real-world such as automatic fire extinguisher and alert systems. The training was done using Mask R-CNN for object detection with ResNet-101 backbone, with a 0.001 learning rate and 2 images per GPU. With this, the proposed framework can detect fire using Mask Region-Based Convolutional Neural Network and can send immediate alert to the user if fire is detected