bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
O CONSUMO INFANTO-JUVENIL COMO FATOR DE DETURPAÇÃO DAS RELAÇÕES FAMILIARES: EM BUSCA DE UMA REGULAMENTAÇÃO JURÍDICA ADEQUADA
Authors: Krell Olga Jubert Gouveia , Monte Hilda Maria Couto
Published: December 2016

O consumo infanto-juvenil ganha proporções cada vez maiores na sociedade brasileira, causando a coisificação das relações interpessoais. O objetivo deste artigo é identificar, numa perspectiva interdisciplinar, as bases psicológicas, sociais e oculturais deste fenômeno, demonstrando os seus efeitos negativos em relação às estruturas familiares no Brasil e a consequente violação de dispisitivos constitucionais referentes à proteção da família bem como da infância e da juventude. Em seguida, serão apresentadas a regulamentação concreta da restrição de publicidade que incentiva o consumo infanto-juvenil e as decisões jurisprudentiais mais importantes sobre este controle. Por fim, haverá uma analise do Projeto de Lei sobre o assunto que tramita no Congresso Nacional. Veremos que o problema exige uma atuação enérgica do Legislativo, do Executivo e do Judiciário em defesa dos valores da dignidade humana e da proteção da defesa da família consagrados na Carta de 1988.
Physical findings. Matter is one of the states of radiated energy
Authors: Lyudovik Eduard Kuzmich
Published: December 2016

According to the author “atom” is a microsystem. The ability of photons (γνc – “nucleon”) to rotate at the speed of light in the microsystem (atom) ring – through – ring reveals the cause of inorganic matter formation. Gravity is a total apogee of the rotation of nucleons γνc in the microsystems (atoms). The article shows the new energy technologies instead of nuclear power and hydrocarbons, and their main aim which is the hydrogen energy radiation. The researcher notes that the speed of space journey can become relatively similar to the speed of light.
The impact of the economic resource effectiveness on the regional economy competitiveness
Authors: Komarova Galina Borisovna , Ishanova Umeda Usmondzhonova , Olimova Fotima Akhrorovna
Published: December 2016

The article is devoted to the problem of the regional economy competitiveness. The authors ran through the stages of the country (region) competitiveness, considered the competitiveness at different levels. The ways of competitive recovery for region are offered.
Cognitive comparative analysis of «civilization» and «culture» concepts in Russian and English languages
Authors: Kazantseva Elena Anatolievna
Published: December 2016

The article considers content-based links between the concepts of «civilization» and «culture» in the Russian and English languages. The purpose of the study is comparing their content-based components in the lexical semantic fields of verbalization of the concepts under consideration in the Russian and English languages. The research employs the method of cognitive comparative analysis. The analysis of lexical and semantic composition reveals similarities and differences in their structuring in the English and Russian languages. According to the author the result of comparison suggests implications that the concepts under study are perceived differently by the representatives of the Russian and English cultures and contributes to the revelation of national peculiarity of conceptualization of cognate phenomena in the mentality of different peoples.
The productivity and reaction of naked oat breeds on weather conditions in the Middle Urals
Authors: Bezgodov Andrey Victorovich , Yalunina Anastasia Dmitrievna
Published: December 2016

In the field experiments the estimation of naked oats on its productivity and suitability for cultivation in the middle Urals region has been made. It is noted that Vladyka and Otakar cultivars are making crop yield at the 88,2–89,7% compare to the district Stayer cultivar, which is the standard in the Sverdlovsk region. The average yield of naked cultivars is from 3.45 (Vladyka) to 3.99 (Otakar) t / ha, which is similar to the zone yield of spring wheat (3.68 t / ha). The authors found out that the protein content in oats grain naked cultivars exceed aristulate ones on 2.9–3.9. The high response of naked cultivars for the integrated plant protection system is registered.
Main stages of tourism development
Authors: Elyubaev Rizzat Berikovich , Shaykhygaliev Erbol Amanzholovich
Published: December 2016

This article considers the main stages of tourism development and formation, starting from the ancient era till the first tourist company was found, Moreover, the article determines major causing factors of tourism development.
Integral assessment of special protected territories condition in the megalopolis
Authors: Baraboshkina Tatiana Anatolievna
Published: December 2016

The article describes the Problem of preservation of resource potential of recreational zones within the megalopolis, which is an urgent problem of the third millennium. The author shows an integral approach to assessment of an ecological condition of the territory of the natural and historical Tsaritsyno park for the purpose of identification of the modern sources of danger and problem solving of development of preventive measures for their minimization.
Cryptocurrency as an innovative tool of world trade
Authors: Lyubshina Daria Sergeevna
Published: December 2016

The article discusses the history of cryptocurrency, its positive and negative sides, legal status, the evaluation of the prospects for its use and investigates the possibilities of obtaining cryptocurrency, mechanism of operation and its impact on the development of the shadow economy.
The poetry of Khantysk story (on the example of stories chain E. Aipin’s “The time of the Rains”)
Authors: Isakova Snezhana Anatolievna
Published: December 2016

The article gives an analysis of the artistic structure of the heroic epos of the Khanty people as the source of the national story development in the Khanty literature. As a result of the research it was discovered that the process of transformation of epic motives and themes into literary text as well as peculiarities of styles and poetic figures of speech dating back to folklore intervenes according to the author’s individual, cultural and axiological worldview.
The risk of children’s congenital heart disorder development in Kyrgyzstan
Authors: Saatova Guli Mirahmatovna , Furtikova Alla Borisovna , Zhanturaeva Baktygul Turdalievna
Published: December 2016

This article defines the factors forecasting significancy, affecting development, birth and survival rate of the children with congenital heart disorder. The families with children with congenital heart disorder and without it and 105 children with congenital heart disorder are studied. The authors use such research methods as polling and complex clinical and functional examination of children with congenital heart disorder. More important factors, indicating the high risk of the baby with congenital heart disorder impregnation, baby’s formed congenital heart disorder probability, characteristics, designating the chance of live birth with congenital heart disorder are considered.
Study of exogenous factors on the state and properties of hair on the human head by using various methods of microscopy
Authors: Neofitova Elena Andreevna , Pushkina Klara Vladimirovna , Neofitova Natalia Nikolaevna
Published: December 2016

In the article the effect of exogenous factors on the state and properties of hair on the human head using various techniques of microscopy as well as other morphometric methods are studied; on the basis of experimental samples the physical properties of healthy hair and the hair damaged by external factors by using microscopy techniques were compared; the article presents the values of pH and the content of surfactants (sulfates) in different brands of shampoos and soaps, and their impact on the condition of the hair was determined; on the basis of microscopy techniques the condition of the cuticle after using different detergents for hair care was characterized; a relationship between the color of the hair and the influence of external factors on the structure and condition of the hair was analyzed; the signs of the impact of external factors (chemical, thermal, mechanical) on the state and structure of the hair, using an optical (light) and an usb-microscopes were identified.
Assessment of the character of touristic activity impact on the population of amphibians and reptiles of the Khatun recreational area in the Republic of Altai
Authors: Vozniychuk Olga Petrovna
Published: December 2016

On the basis of quantitative data, collected by means of routing method in a number of landscapes of the Katun recreational area in the Republic of Altai, it is shown in this article that the touristic activity impacts ambiguously on the reptiles and amphibians’ population. The character of the changes in the population depends on the intensity of the touristic activity, and on the humidity degree of this or that area. Within areas with moderate and low humidity high degree of recreation impacts basically negatively; in more humid areas on the contrary it promotes growth species richness, total abundance and diversity.
Economic policy of the monetary authorities as factor of achievement of abstract financial stability
Authors: Tashtamirov Magomed Ruslanovich
Published: December 2016

This article is devoted to the questions of the crisis phenomena in Russian economy in sector of a monetary and credit system and a role of economic policy of the monetary authorities (Bank of Russia) in ensuring financial stability. Short assessment of the main macroeconomic indicators of the country economy is given. The author is describing the actions of economic management regarding monetary control. It is inexpedient that the Central Bank for carrying out the tough restriction policy directed to oppression of economic development and further primitivizing of national economy. It is offered to transform monetary policy for ensuring anti-recessionary actions exiting the stagnating condition.
Connection between national and international law by the example of ECHR and Constitutional Court of Russian federation. The role of ECHR in the Russian Constitutional Law
Authors: Lazarev Andrey Borisovich
Published: December 2016

Abstract: this article is devoted to the interconnection of national and international law by the example of court practice of European Court of Human Rights (international law as an example) and Russian Constitutional Court (national and domestic law as an example). Autor is exploring which law is more important for Russia and which norms are more valuable – norms of international law or norms of Russian law, for example, its Constitution – the fundamental law of the country, discusses the rule of international law and state sovereignty. The author describes ECHR problem realization, the problem of their implementation and the role of ECHR and Convention in Russian Conventional Law.
The strategic interests of the USA, Russia and Сhina in the central Asia at the present stage
Authors: Tofan Alina Vasilievna
Published: December 2016

This article is devoted to develop and analyze the strategic concerns of key geopolitical actors in the Central Asian region. The author comes to the conclusion that the specialty of the Central Asia is a beneficial geopolitical location and great amount of nature resources that makes the region an object of world powers’ geopolitical interests. The main actors in the CA are the USA, China and Russia, which have influence on political processes inside the region, realizing their own strategies.
The peculiarities of speaking teaching using case methods in English classes
Authors: Astashenko Anastasia Igorevna
Published: December 2016

The article presents the method of case-study. The use of this method, could have a positive effect on speech training of students, due to the consideration of real-life situations. According to the authors the main goal of this method is to receive knowledge and to improve them during practice.
Practical aspects of informative providing organization of educational process in winner of the «Red Banner of Labour» award agro-industrial college of V.I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University
Authors: Shengelay Mikhail Alekseevich
Published: December 2016

The article describes the modern stage of evolution of information management of educational process from classical paper-based libraries to modern digital ones. The principles of organization, advantages and disadvantages of web-based electronic information provision are characterized, it is shown how to design a digital library by the educational establishment.
Efficient use of working time
Authors: Skrynchenko Pavel Borisovich
Published: December 2016

This article is devoted to the interesting and always relevant topic – the effective use of working time. It is describing in details what working time is, the primary causes of loss of time have been examined and basic rules of successful organization of working time have been analyzed.
The question about contemporary state of Russian mediation institute
Authors: Kurmanbaev Melis Mazhitovich , Khanzhina Irina Yurievna
Published: December 2016

This article considers the question about introduction and development of Russian mediation institute. According to the authors the adoption of the Law on Mediation testifies that the state gives a new impetus to the process of constitutional state formation and to the development of alternative methods of dispute resolution. The problematic aspects of the mediation development are described in this article. As the results of the study the authors suggest to enhance the effectiveness of media-tion, which is a special form of interposition.
Population density of oribatid in agrocenoses under the influence of different doses of mineral fertilizers
Authors: Kozlov Stanislav Aleksandrovich , Liberman Elizaveta Lvovna
Published: December 2016

The article describes the results of studies on the influence of different doses of mineral fertilizers on armored mites – oribatid mites. It is found that the increase in population density of oribatid mites is in direct relation to the volume of the crops root system. According to the changes in the numbers of oribatid mites under the influence of different doses of mineral fertilizers and comparing population density of these areas with the controlled ones, it was noted by the authors that mineral fertilizers applied to the agricultural crops, have a positive effect on armored mites – oribatid mites.
The enterprise bankruptcy: major causes and ways to solve it
Authors: Shamsieva Regina Fanilovna
Published: December 2016

The article examines the causes of insolvency of enterprises, the problems associated with use of foreign and Russian models of bankruptcy diagnostics are discovered. The activities that help the enterprise to solve the crisis are described.
Logic in culture of thinking
Authors: Baranov Gennady Vladimirovich
Published: December 2016

In this article the logic perspective in information culture is investigated. The contents of four laws of logical thinking in their value for thinking and humanitarian culture of the personality are described. Formal and logical laws are characterized by a condition of uniform information culture of mankind.
Psychological research of communicative tolerance of modern teenagers
Authors: Drozhzhina Natalia Borisovna
Published: December 2016

The article deals with the main approaches to the study of teenagers’ tolerance, the use of psycho-diagnostic methods for the study of the characteristics and level of modern teenagers’ communicative tolerance formation is justified. The results of experimental psychological research are included.
Resources of educator’s professional activity
Authors: Dolinin Evgeniy Valrievich , Mukasheva Nuria Shakhobaevna
Published: December 2016

The article deals with the idea of resource dependencies on the professional activity of teacher psychological prevention and stress tolerance as a personal quality of resistance to stress. the phenomenon of teacher profession, internal and external resources of professional work, levels, scientific and methodological recommendations are characterized.
Root Canal Irrigation: Chemical Agents and Plant Extracts Against Enterococcus faecalis
Authors: Borzini Letizia , Condò Roberta , De Dominicis Paolo , Casaglia Adriano , Cerroni Loredana
Published: December 2016

Background:

There are various microorganisms related to intra and extra-radicular infections and many of these are involved in persistent infections. Bacterial elimination from the root canal is achieved by means of the mechanical action of instruments and irrigation as well as the antibacterial effects of the irrigating solutions.Enterococcus faecaliscan frequently be isolated from root canals in cases of failed root canal treatments. Antimicrobial agents have often been developed and optimized for their activity against endodontic bacteria. An ideal root canal irrigant should be biocompatible, because of its close contact with the periodontal tissues during endodontic treatment. Sodium hypoclorite (NaOCl) is one of the most widely recommended and used endodontic irrigants but it is highly toxic to periapical tissues.

Objectives:

To analyze the literature on the chemotherapeutic agent and plant extracts studied as root canal irrigants. In particularly, the study is focused on their effect onEnterococcus faecalis.

Method:

Literature search was performed electronically in PubMed (PubMed Central, MEDLINE) for articles published in English from 1982 to April 2015. The searched keywords were “endodontic irrigants” and “Enterococcus faecalis” and “essential oil” and “plant extracts”.

Results:

Many of the studied chemotherapeutic agents and plant extracts have shown promising resultsin vitro.

Conclusion:

Some of the considered phytotherapic substances, could be a potential alternative to NaOCl for the biomechanical treatment of the endodontic space.
Developing an Unguided Internet-Delivered Intervention for Emotional Distress in Primary Care Patients: Applying Common Factor and Person-Based Approaches
Authors: Geraghty Adam WA , Muñoz Ricardo F , Yardley Lucy , Mc Sharry Jennifer , Little Paul , Moore Michael
Published: December 2016

Background

Developing effective, unguided Internet interventions for mental health represents a challenge. Without structured human guidance, engagement with these interventions is often limited and the effectiveness reduced. If their effectiveness can be increased, they have great potential for broad, low-cost dissemination. Improving unguided Internet interventions for mental health requires a renewed focus on the proposed underlying mechanisms of symptom improvement and the involvement of target users from the outset.

Objective

The aim of our study was to develop an unguided e-mental health intervention for distress in primary care patients, drawing on meta-theory of psychotherapeutic change and utilizing the person-based approach (PBA) to guide iterative qualitative piloting with patients.

Methods

Common factors meta-theory informed the selection and structure of therapeutic content, enabling flexibility whilst retaining the proposed necessary ingredients for effectiveness. A logic model was designed outlining intervention components and proposed mechanisms underlying improvement. The PBA provided a framework for systematically incorporating target-user perspective into the intervention development. Primary care patients (N=20) who had consulted with emotional distress in the last 12 months took part in exploratory qualitative interviews, and a subsample (n=13) undertook think-aloud interviews with a prototype of the intervention.

Results

A flexible intervention was developed, to be used as and when patients need, diverting from a more traditional, linear approach. Based on the in-depth qualitative findings, disorder terms such as “depression” were avoided, and discussions of psychological symptoms were placed in the context of stressful life events. Think-aloud interviews showed that patients were positive about the design and structure of the intervention. On the basis of patient feedback, modifications were made to increase immediate access to all therapeutic techniques.

Conclusions

Detailing theoretical assumptions underlying Internet interventions for mental health, and integrating this approach with systematic in-depth qualitative research with target patients is important. These strategies may provide novel ways for addressing the challenges of unguided delivery. The resulting intervention, Healthy Paths, will be evaluated in primary care-based randomized controlled trials, and deployed as a massive open online intervention (MOOI).
Assessing Agency-Level Performance Evaluation Reform in China: Can It Truly Serve as a Management Innovation?
Authors: Ye Lin , Ni Xing
Published: December 2016

As in many other countries, performance management has received wide attention in China in order to increase government efficiency and accountability. However, agency-level performance management reforms have been largely overlooked in the existing literature, with regard to the process of developing performance measures, stakeholder involvement, and the assessment of these measures. By investigating a provincial departmental case, this article reveals that the latest development of China's performance management reform has become increasingly sophisticated, with consideration for both political legitimacy and management efficiency. However, significant challenges remain before such efforts can be fully implemented as management innovations to truly improve government performance and accountability.
Assessing Open Government Performance through Three Public Administration Perspectives: Efficiency, Democratic Responsiveness, and Legal-rational Process
Authors: Ingrams Alex
Published: December 2016

Open government is a growing feature of public administration in governments across the globe. Open government has long been considered vital to democratic society but, with the arrival of digital government, openness has become touted by governments that use information and communication technologies (ICT) without making the necessary legal and institutional reforms to support accountability and transparency. The intersection of openness and ICT challenges our approach to digital government in public administration practice and theory, and it calls for better theoretical frameworks to make sense of open government performance. In this paper, I propose a threefold framework of efficiency, democratic responsiveness, and legal-rational process. The framework is conceptually analyzed through four types of open government: budget transparency, citizen engagement, open data, and freedom of information. The analysis results in the creation of a set of measurement items that help to clarify important aspects of open government performance, and which can be used to generate indicators for evaluating open government initiatives.
Molecular Identification of Phenol-Degrading and Biofi lm-Forming Bacteria from Wastewater and Peat Soil
Authors: Khusnuryani Arifah , Martani Erni , Wibawa Tri , Widada Jaka
Published: December 2016

Phenol is hazardous aromatic pollutant which needs to be treated to reduce its hazardous effects.Bioremediation using bacteria which can form biofi lm offer an alternative wastewater treatment that is cheaperand environmentally safe. Eighteen strains of phenol-degrading and biofi lm-forming bacteria were isolatedfrom peat soil, also hospital and textile wastewater. Screening for phenol degradation ability of isolates wereperformed using Folin-ciocalteau reagent, while for biofi lm formation ability were performed using microtiterplate and crystal violet dye. Based on the ability to degrade phenol and to form biofi lm, four isolates (HP3,DOK135, DL120, andATA6) were choosen as phenol-degrading bacteria as well as biofi lm-forming bacteria.Based on phenotypic and genotypic characterization, isolate HP3 was highly similar to Rhodococcus equi strainDSM20307T, while DOK135 was highly similar to Enterobacter mori strain R18-2.The results also suggested thatDL120 and ATA6 could be classifi ed to the genus of Micrococcus and Bacillus respectively
Bajo peso al nacer y defectos congénitos en relación con sitios mineros y campos agrícolas en Sonora, México. Prevalencia 2008-2012
Authors: Valdés Hernández Javier , Reyes Pablo Aldelmo Eloy , Navarrete Hernández Eduardo , Canún Serrano Sonia
Published: December 2016

Existen evidencias de contaminación ambiental debido a minas y campos agrícolas en Sonora, México. El objetivo de este trabajo es estudiar espacialmente la prevalencia de los defectos al nacimiento, los del tubo neural y el bajo peso al nacer en los municipios donde hay minas de metales y en los distritos de riego. Para ello se emplearon las bases de datos de nacimiento y muerte fetal de 2008 a 2012. Se estimaron tasas de prevalencia nacional, estatal, municipal y por localidad. Se utilizó información georreferenciada del país y los estados, de localidades, ríos, distritos de riego, minas de metales y subcuencas hidrológicas de Sonora. Se encontró que las prevalencias están asociadas con los lugares donde se concentran las actividades económicas y los problemas de contaminación ambiental. Los resultados hacen suponer la probable influencia de estos últimos en la prevalencia de los defectos mencionados y el bajo peso al nacer en todo el estado.
¿Qué alegría y esperanza brota hoy?. Gaudium et Spes, su recepción y desafío en América Latina.
Authors: Irarrazaval Covarrubias Diego
Published: December 2016

GS favors an openness to a changing world and its “signs of times”. It has inspired the Medellín Episcopal conference and also new theologies in latin america. A creative fdelity to GS has three moments: examination of events, in the light of the Gospel, action that transforms reality. All of this is due to the spirit of Jesus who opens our hearts.
Iglesia ¿qué dices de ti misma?.
Authors: Toutin Cataldo Alberto
Published: December 2016

On the occasion of the celebration of the 50th anniversary of the beginning of the Vatican Council II, this article recalls some landmarks of the elaboration of the Dogmatic Constitution about the Church, Lumen Gentium. This memory’s work is to show the actuality of the main guidelines of this Constitution about the being and the mission of the Church in our context today.
Abordaje periodístico de la obesidad en la prensa colombiana durante los años 2008 – 2013
Authors: Correa Madrid María Camila , Carmona Garcés Isabel Cristina , González Zapata Laura Inés
Published: December 2016

Introducción: Una de las funciones de los medios de comunicación masiva es movilizar la sociedad y la agenda política en torno a problemáticas públicas como por ejemplo la obesidad. Objetivo: Describir el abordaje dado al tema obesidad en dos periódicos colombianos durante los años 2008-2013. Materiales y metodos: Estudio transversal, se seleccionaron 163 noticias, 48 del periódico El Espectador y 115 de El Colombiano. Se realizó análisis deductivo, posteriormente el análisis descriptivo mediante pruebas X2 para establecer la relación entre las variables. α=0,05. SPSS v.18. Resultados: Se evidenció un aumento gradual de las noticias relacionadas con la obesidad en el periodo estudiado. Las fuentes de información más consultadas para construir las noticias fueron científicas-académicas (42,3%). Se encontró asociación entre los artículos que tratan la magnitud de la obesidad, sus estrategias para afrontarla y cuando se empleó como fuente a los políticos (p<0.05). En la población infantil, los temas publicidad (16,4%) y comidas rápidas (26,9%) tuvieron una mayor cobertura (p<0.05). Conclusión: La cobertura del tema obesidad creció en Colombia, al mismo tiempo que se empezaron a implementar estrategias para su prevención y control. Esta situación puede favorecer la movilización pública y política frente a nuevas estrategias que propendan por la solución de esta problemática.AbstractIntroduction: One of the functions of the mass media is to mobilize society and the political agenda around public issues such as obesity. Objective: To describe the approach given to obesity in two Colombian newspapers during the years 2008-2013. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted were 163 news were selected from two newspapers; 48 from El Espectador newspaper and 115 from El Colombiano. First a deductive analysis of the news was performed and then a descriptive analysis using X2 tests to establish the relationship between the variables. α<0.05. SPSS v.18. Results: An increase in obesity-related news was found. The sources of information most frequently consulted to build the news were scientific-academic ones (42.3%). It was found an association between the articles dealing with the magnitude of the obesity, the strategies to confront it and when it was used a politician source (p <0.05).  In the pediatric population, issues related with advertising (16.4%) and fast food (26.9%) had greater coverage (p <0.05).  Conclusion: The mass media news related with obesity increased in Colombia, at the same time the implementation of strategies for prevention and control of this disease started. This situation can foster public and political mobilization that promote new strategies that contribute to the solution of the obesity problem.
Identificación temprana de trastornos del espectro autista
Authors: Gutiérrez-Ruiz Karaol
Published: December 2016

La identificación temprana del trastorno del espectro autista (TEA) es un área de investigación que ha recibido mucha atención durante los últimos años. En Colombia, las instituciones especializadas en el autismo impulsadas por la Organización Mundial del Autismo se están pronunciando acerca de la necesidad de la detección precoz de TEA en los servicios sanitarios de atención primaria y en contextos educativos. Por esta razón, el objetivo de este trabajo es realizar una revisión narrativa de la literatura científica sobre la detección temprana de TEA con el fin de identificar los indicadores tempranos y aproximaciones al tamizaje o cribado de esta condición. Para ello, se revisaron las bases de datos electrónicas EBSCO, Medline, PsycINFO, Scopus, ScienceDirect y Academic Search Complete, buscando los términos early detection, early diagnosis, screening test, mass screening, y se combinaron con el término autism; sin restricción de campo, sin límite temporal y limitada a los idiomas inglés y español. Las investigaciones apuntan a que es posible detectar tempranamente el riesgo de TEA considerando principalmente las alteraciones tempranas en la interacción y comunicación social. Existen diferentes instrumentos para el cribado de TEA, se comentan sus propiedades psicométricas y utilidad clínica.
Tratamiento del estado epiléptico: uso de fármacos antiepilépticos y desenlaces en dos hospitales de cuarto nivel en Colombia
Authors: Palacios Sánchez Eduardo , Batozhergalova Valentina , Rincón Martínez Lina María
Published: December 2016

Introducción: el estado epiléptico (EE) es una emergencia neurológica con alta morbi-mortalidad asociada, el tratamiento se debe fundamentar en las guías internacionales.

Objetivo: describir la frecuencia de uso de los anticonvulsivantes empleados en el manejo del EE en dos hospitales de cuarto nivel en Colombia.

Materiales y métodos: serie de pacientes mayores de 14,5 años, con diagnóstico de EE establecido por el servicio de Neurología, tratados entre agosto de 2013 y julio de 2014.

Resultados: se incluyeron 84 casos, con una mediana de edad de 52,5 años rango intercuartílico (RIQ 27-71,5); el 64,3% de los pacientes (n=54) tenían antecedentes de epilepsia. El tipo de estado epiléptico más frecuente fue tónico-clónico en el 57,1% (n=48) y la causa principal epilepsia no controlada en el 53,6% (n=46). Para el manejo de primera línea, la mitad de los pacientes recibieron combinaciones de benzodiazepinas con otro anticonvulsivante, los más usados fueron fenitoina y ácido valproico. Todos los fármacos antiepilépticos de primera línea se administraron por vía endovenosa. En 32 pacientes (38,1%) se requirió el manejo en la unidad de cuidados intensivos. El resultado, muerte de 17 pacientes (20,2%) y secuelas neurológicas sin muerte en 6 pacientes (7,2%).

Conclusión: los fármacos antiepilépticos clásicos, entre los que se encuentran la fenitoina y el ácido valproico, continúan siendo la elección en la primera línea para el tratamiento del EE. La combinación de ácido valproico y levetiracetam puede ser efectiva en el EE refractario. Las medidas alternativas durante el tratamiento del EE no fueron observadas.
Relación entre deterioro cognoscitivo y actividades instrumentales de la vida diaria: Estudio SABE-Bogotá, Colombia
Authors: Borda Miguel Germán , Ruíz de Sánchez Carolina , Gutiérrez Santiago , Samper-Ternent Rafael , Cano-Gutiérrez Carlos
Published: December 2016

Introducción: En la vejez, el declinar en las Actividades Instrumentales de la Vida Diaria (AIVD), se relaciona con deterioro cognoscitivo; sin embargo, no todas ellas se ven alteradas, en especial al inicio de la enfermedad. Por lo tanto la identificación de estas actividades podría ayudar a obtener diagnósticos más tempranos y precisos.

Objetivo: identificar las actividades instrumentales de la vida diaria (AIVD) que más se asocian con deterioro cognoscitivo en los adultos mayores.

Materiales y métodos: se analizaron datos del estudio SABE Bogotá (2012), donde se entrevistó a 2.000 adultos mayores (?60 años) en un estudio transversal, se recolectó una muestra probabilística por conglomerados, con una cobertura del 81.9%. En la recolección de los datos se utilizaron: el instrumento minimental modificado (MMSE-M) y t actividades instrumentales de la vida diaria. Se realizaron análisis bivariados y multivariados con modelos de regresión logística para hallar asociaciones estadísticamente significativas (p<0.05).

Resultados: Las AIVD con mayor asociación fueron: no poder: “usar el teléfono” OR 5.007 (IC 95% 3.01-8.32), “manejar su propio dinero” OR 2.58 (IC 95% 1.57-4.23), “preparar su propia comida solo” OR 1.83 (IC 95% 1.11-3.02), “tomar sus propios medicamentos” OR 1.83 (IC 95% 1.06-3.02), y “hacer trabajo pesado en casa como lavar el piso o las paredes” OR 1.696 (IC 1.075-2.75).

Conclusión: las actividades instrumentales de la vida diaria más asociadas con el deterioro cognoscitivo fueron las que requerían mayor capacidad de abstracción y planeación. Esta información puede ser de utilidad al clínico durante el interrogatorio hecho a los pacientes para optimizar el tiempo en la consulta, sospechar el deterioro cognoscitivo e indicar estudios diagnósticos para un tratamiento oportuno.
Espectro de neuromielitis óptica en Colombia, primera caracterización clínico imagenológica en tres centros de Bogotá
Authors: Reyes Marco Aurelio , Navas Granados Ángela Viviana , Ramírez Sergio Francisco
Published: December 2016

Introducción: La neuromielitis óptica, es un síndrome clínico caracterizado por la asociación de mielitis transversa y neuritis óptica, hoy en día es reconocida como una enfermedad cuya fisiopatología, clínica, hallazgos en imágenes diagnósticas de laboratorio y tratamiento son específicos.

Objetivo: describir las características clínicas, métodos diagnósticos y tratamiento de los pacientes con neuromielitis óptica (NMO) en tres centros asistenciales de cuarto nivel de la ciudad de Bogotá.

Materiales y métodos: Diseño: se realizó un estudio de tipo serie de casos. Participantes: se incluyeron casos consecutivos de pacientes de cualquier género, entre los 19 y los 48 años, clasificados en dos grupos según los criterios del Consenso Internacional para el Diagnóstico de Neuromielitis óptica 2015, NMOSD con AQP4-IgG positivos, y NMOSD con AQP4-IgG negativos. Los pacientes fueron reclutados en tres centros hospitalarios, desde junio de 2013 a mayo de 2015. Análisis estadístico: la descripción de las variables se realizó por frecuencias absolutas y relativas, los análisis se realizaron en el paquete estadístico STATA 13®.

Resultados: participaron 22 pacientes, con una edad mediana de 36 años, la mayoría mujeres, la mediana de inicio de síntomas fue de 31 años (RIC 24-39). La técnica para el diagnóstico más utilizada fue IFI, la clínica más frecuente del evento inicial fue mielitis y de neuritis óptica en las recaídas posteriores, la mitad de los pacientes presentaron dos o menos eventos, ningún paciente cumplió criterios para otra enfermedad sistémica. Se observaron escalas de discapacidad mas altas en el grupo con AQP4 positivos, y mas bajas en los que recibieron corticoide al inicio.

Discusión y conclusiones: esta caracterización constituye la primera descripción de esta enfermedad en Colombia, nuestros hallazgos son similares a los obtenidos en otras poblaciones, algunos datos relevantes requieren más estudios.
A LICENCIATURA E A CONSTRUÇÃO DAS REPRESENTAÇÕES SOCIAIS SOBRE SER PROFESSOR DE QUÍMICA
Authors: Miranda Camila Lima , Rezende Daisy De Brito , Lisbôa Julio Cezar Foschini
Published: December 2016

O papel da Licenciatura na construção das representações sobre ser professor é o tema deste estudo, o qual contou com a participação de 44 estudantes ingressantes e 27 concluintes de um curso de Licenciatura em Química. A lente teórica utilizada foi a Teoria das Representações Sociais. Empregaram-se questionários com questões abertas, nas quais o público-alvo versou sobre como se vê como professor de Química. No discurso dos estudantes foram observadas as categorias: características e visão sobre o ensino. Na comparação entre as características que esses licenciandos propõem para a concretização dos processos de ensino e aprendizagem percebeu-se que as atitudes e práticas pedagógicas foram aventadas tanto pelos ingressantes quanto pelos concluintes, o que vem a reforçar as muitas representações sobre a docência construídas antes mesmo do ingresso na Licenciatura. No que concerne às características, bem como à sua visão sobre o ensino, percebe-se que estes processos, nas representações dos concluintes, já não se centralizam no professor; além disso, por ser este um professor de Química, percebe-se, ainda, a ampliação das representações, ao agregarem os discursos e conteúdos relacionados ao ensino da Química (particularmente o uso do cotidiano, o entendimento de fenômenos), abordados durante a graduação.
CONCEPÇÕES DISCENTES SOBRE IMUNOLOGIA E SISTEMA IMUNE HUMANO
Authors: Andrade Viviane Abreu de , Araújo-Jorge Tania Cremonini de , Silva Robson Coutinho
Published: December 2016

As concepções dos educandos acerca de um tema, sob a perspectiva cognitivista de aprendizagem, exercem influência sobre os processos de construção do conhecimento realizados pelo aprendiz. Assim, o conhecimento e a reflexão sobre as concepções discentes são pontos importantes para a condução dos processos de ensino e de aprendizagem. Portanto, com base nesses pressupostos, o presente trabalho tem como objetivo apresentar uma análise das concepções dos alunos acerca do tema Imunologia e do tópico sistema imune humano (SIH) e suas relações com o ensino e a aprendizagem do tema no contexto de um curso técnico de nível médio de Enfermagem. Para tanto, realizamos uma pesquisa descritiva com abordagem qualitativa. Os dados foram coletados por meio de atividades diagnósticas, entrevistas, observações e gravações de áudio. As análises dos dados foram realizadas com base no método interpretativo hermenêutico, em consonância com a abordagem qualitativa. Mediante as análises foi verificada a atribuição majoritária de ações bélicas ao SIH, como ataque e defesa destinados à proteção do organismo contra a invasão de patógenos e/ou corpos estranhos. Foi identificada a crença de que os microrganismos são inimigos e precisam ser vencidos por linfócitos, anticorpos e fagócitos. A presença da metáfora bélica nas respostas e nas falas dos alunos foi relacionada à compreensão dos fenômenos imunológicos ligados exclusivamente à manutenção da saúde como condição de isenção de corpos estranhos no organismo humano. Foi verificado um limitado conhecimento da fisiologia do sistema imunológico na dinâmica de interações do organismo consigo mesmo e com componentes do ambiente em que este se encontra inserido. Apenas um dos 71 alunos participantes da pesquisa mencionou, indiretamente, a relação do SIH com o conceito homeostase, ou seja, como um sistema que atua na manutenção da estrutura (conservação da organização) do organismo por meio do equilíbrio metabólico dinâmico. Com base nos resultados da investigação, sugerimos a necessidade da valorização do ensino de Imunologia com abordagem biológica, sistêmica, homeostática e não metafórica. Justificamos esta indicação em razão da relevância desse conhecimento para compreensão da saúde e das relações estabelecidas entre o organismo e o ambiente, além da compreensão global do organismo e do conjunto de interações internas e externas que atuam na manutenção da vida. Ademais, ressaltamos a sua importância para a tomada de decisão adequada à manutenção da saúde e do bem-estar físico, social e mental. Por fim, preconizamos a necessidade de realização de um ensino que considere as concepções dos educandos e a influência dessas no processo de aprendizagem.
SITUAÇÕES-LIMITE NA FORMAÇÃO DE PROFESSORES DE CIÊNCIAS NA PERSPECTIVA FREIREANA: DA PERCEPÇÃO DA REALIDADE À DIMENSÃO PEDAGÓGICA
Authors: Silva Roger Magalhães da , Solino Ana Paula , Sousa Polliane Santos de , Fonseca Kamila Nunes , Novais Edcleide Da Silva Pereira , Gehlen Simoni Tormöhlen
Published: December 2016

Algumas pesquisas na área de educação em ciências têm discutido aspectos relacionados a situações-limite, que na perspectiva freireana são entendidas como situações de injustiça social vivenciadas por sujeitos que as compreendem de maneira acrítica e fatalista. Considerando a importância de analisar situações-limite de professores no contexto da abordagem de Temas Geradores, este estudo investiga a manifestação de situações-limite de professores de ciências do Ensino Fundamental II, do município de Pau Brasil/BA, durante um processo formativo, pautado em adaptações da Investigação Temática, para obter o Tema Gerador “O perigo do Rio Água Preta em Pau Brasil-BA” e planejar atividades didático-pedagógicas para a disciplina de ciências. As situações-limite dos professores foram analisadas via Análise Textual Discursiva e organizadas em categorias analíticas estabelecidas à priori, quais sejam: situações-limite acerca da percepção da realidade, por meio da qual buscou-se a compreensão dos professores sobre problemas sociais locais, e situações-limite numa dimensão pedagógica, na qual utilizou-se os obstáculos gnosiológicos, estruturados por Alves e Silva (2015), para analisar as situações-limite que professores apresentaram sobre aspectos que perpassam o processo educativo. Dentre os resultados, sinaliza-se que o processo de Investigação Temática possibilitou a problematização das compreensões dos professores acerca da realidade e da própria prática pedagógica, o que contribuiu para a superação de algumas situações-limite desses profissionais. Nessa perspectiva, considera-se que é possível estreitar a relação universidade-escola, na promoção de processos formativos delineados especificamente para potencializar a superação das situações-limite apresentadas por professores.
O USO DE MAPAS CONCEITUAIS COMO INSTRUMENTO DIDÁTICO PARA IDENTIFICAR INDÍCIOS DE APRENDIZAGEM SIGNIFICATIVA EM DIFERENTES NÍVEIS DE ENSINO
Authors: Rocha Cecília Elenir dos Santos , Spohr Carla Beatriz
Published: December 2016

Atualmente o processo de ensino requer estratégias educacionais que contribuam com a efetiva aprendizagem dos estudantes de maneira dinâmica, bem como novos instrumentos para avaliar esta aprendizagem. Nesse sentido, a elaboração de Mapas Conceituais apresenta-se como uma possibilidade para professores e estudantes acompanharem e caracterizarem o domínio de conceitos e suas relações. O presente trabalho objetivou investigar a contribuição do uso de Mapas Conceituais como instrumento didático promotor de aprendizagem em distintos níveis de ensino, identificando indícios da aprendizagem significativa. Para tanto foram analisados 84 Mapas Conceituais de forma qualitativa de acordo com critérios utilizados como referência para classificá-los em três categorias que indicaram o nível de ocorrência desta aprendizagem. Constataram-se casos de avanços e retrocessos no processo de aprendizagem, características individuais dos estudantes na forma de representação do conhecimento e as evidências da aprendizagem significativa. Com esta análise foi possível compreender os Mapas Conceituais como instrumento didático e avaliativo atual e abrangente para promover aprendizagens significativas. Com ele o estudante é ativo e sujeito principal da aprendizagem, o professor pode valer-se desta ferramenta para averiguar aquilo que o aluno já sabe e ensiná-lo de acordo, um dos preceitos da Teoria da Aprendizagem Significativa.
ANALOGIAS EM LIVROS DIDÁTICOS DESTINADOS AO ENSINO SUPERIOR: QUÍMICA ORGÂNICA VERSUS FÍSICO-QUÍMICA
Authors: Gonçalves Josué Martins , Julião Murilo Sérgio da Silva
Published: December 2016

Os livros didáticos de Química, via de regra, fazem uso de analogias por se tratar de uma disciplina que envolve inúmeros conceitos abstratos. No entanto, há pouca pesquisa envolvendo identificação e explicação sobre as analogias utilizadas em livros didáticos direcionados ao ensino superior. Nesse sentido, o presente trabalho apresenta um estudo comparativo entre as analogias encontradas em livros de Química Orgânica e Físico-química destinados a estudantes do ensino superior. Foram identificadas 277 analogias nos livros analisados e categorizadas conforme sistemas adaptados de Thiele e Treagust (1994) e Francisco Junior (2009).Uma forma de abordagem mais adequada de utilização das analogias nesses livros foi realizada, bem como a verificação da importância do papel dos professores no uso desse recurso didático. Os resultados indicam que esses livros são ricos em analogias simples, dando ênfase às análogos estruturais no caso de livros de Química Orgânica e análogos funcionais nos de Físico-Química. As analogias simples são mais fáceis de induzirem os alunos a erros conceituais, pois mostram poucas similaridades entre os domínios comparados. É importante ressaltar que nesta pesquisa observa-se uma baixa ocorrência de analogias em que o autor do livro reconhece as limitações e/ou discute estas, repassando toda a responsabilidade ao professor e ao aluno no que se refere à explicação e percepção das analogias, respectivamente. É mister afirmar que muitas das analogias encontradas em alguns capítulos dos livros analisados, poderiam ser suprimidas sem perda significativa da compreensão dos conceitos abordados.
Platelet Hyperreactivity in Diabetes: Focus on GPVI Signaling—Are Useful Drugs Already Available?
Authors: Arthur Jane F. , Jandeleit-Dahm Karin , Andrews Robert K.
Published: December 2016

Adults with diabetes are 2–4 times more likely to suffer from heart disease or ischemic stroke than adults without diabetes, yet standard antiplatelet therapy, which is the cornerstone for primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease, fails in many patients with diabetes. Three independent but often interrelated variables that contribute to platelet hyperreactivity—high blood glucose, oxidative stress, and elevated vascular shear forces—coexist in patients with diabetes, creating a perilous concurrence of risk factors for cardiovascular events. Recent research has focused attention on the platelet-specific collagen receptor glycoprotein VI (GPVI) as a potential antithrombotic target. Signaling events downstream of GPVI are influenced by hyperglycemia, oxidative stress, and shear stress. Importantly, drugs targeting these GPVI signaling pathways are already in existence. The potential to repurpose existing drugs is a high-gain strategy for yielding new antiplatelet agents and could have particular benefit in individuals with diabetes.