bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Via clínica para cirugía mediante técnica WALANT fuera del estándar de cirugía mayor ambulatoria
Authors: Sanjuan-Cerveró Rafael , Peña-Molina Fernando , Sanjuan-Aragó Aurora , Iglesia Nicolas de la , Franco-Ferrando Nuria
Published: December 2022

Objetivo Desarrollar y valorar al año una vía clínica para procedimientos de cirugía de mano utilizando anestesia local sin torniquete y con el paciente despierto, denominada técnica WALANT (wide awake, local anesthesia, no tourniquet, en inglés).

Materiales y Métodos Se planificó y ejecutó una vía clínica para pacientes de cirugía de mano no compleja, y se realizó una comparativa de costes entre dotación completa del quirófano y cirugía local con la técnica WALANT.

Como indicadores de la calidad, se calculó la tasa de suspensiones quirúrgicas y el número de pacientes intervenidos. Se comparó el tiempo medio de estancia hospitalaria entre los pacientes intervenidos de forma ordinaria y en el quirófano WALANT. Se valoró la reducción en la lista de espera quirúrgica en síndrome del túnel del carpo y dedo en gatillo.

Resultados Los gastos directos fueron un 48,9% menores en el procedimiento WALANT. Se valoraron 254 pacientes en 2020 y 339 en 2021. La tasa de suspensión fue del 5,1% (0,4% por motivos médicos). El tiempo de estancia en el hospital fue significativamente menor para los pacientes del grupo WALANT (z = -8,743; p = 0,000). La disminución en la lista quirúrgica fue de 113 días.

Conclusiones La cirugía mediante la técnica WALANT adecuada a esta vía clínica permite la intervención de pacientes con menos recursos, lo que disminuye los gastos directos y alivia las unidades de Cirugía Ambulatoria.
Awake Craniotomy for Cerebral Abscess with Pulmonary Arteriovenous Malformation
Authors: Shah Saloni K. , Shetty Anita , Mehta Dhairal
Published: December 2022

A cerebral abscess can be a life-threatening complication of pulmonary arteriovenous malformations (PAVM), thus posing significant morbidity if left untreated. We report a case of an incidental finding of a PAVM in a patient diagnosed with cerebral abscess. A 22-year-old male presented to the emergency department with acute onset right-sided weakness in both upper and lower limbs for 1 week. Magnetic resonance imaging showed a ring-enhancing lesion within the left parasagittal frontoparietal region s/o intracerebral abscess. High-resolution computed tomography was done as a protocol in patients posted for surgery due to coronavirus disease 2019 and coincidentally, it showed a single well-defined parenchymal nodule, 4 × 3.4 cm in the lateral basal segment of the left lower lobe. The knowledge of the pathophysiology of PAVM and expected complications during general anesthesia (GA) and positive pressure mechanical ventilation is essential. In such conditions, awake craniotomy under conscious sedation and scalp block may be considered as an alternative to GA.
Lesiones traumáticas crónicas del complejo fibrocartílago triangular: ¿Cómo enfrentarlas?
Authors: Azócar Camila , Corvalán Gonzalo , Cobb Peter , Román Javier , Orellana Pablo
Published: December 2022

Las lesiones crónicas del complejo fibrocartílago triangular (CFCT) son una entidad que no ha sido descrita previamente como tal y no existe consenso en su manejo. La temporalidad de la lesión y su potencial de reparación son aspectos fundamentales a la hora de indicar un tratamiento. Proponemos un esquema de enfrentamiento a lesiones traumáticas crónicas del CFCT y describimos una técnica novedosa de reconstrucción con injerto de brachioradialis con asistencia artroscópica. Mostramos los resultados y el seguimiento de dos pacientes intervenidos con esta técnica.
The Learning Curve in Skullbase Surgery Part 2–From the Microsurgical Lab Training to the Operative Room
Authors: Isolan Gustavo Rassier , Monteiro Jander , Vaz Marco Antônio Schlindwein , Lavinsky Joel , Araújo Ricardo Lopes de , Figueiredo Eberval Gadelha , Bark Samir Aler , Polanski José Fernando , Ribas Filho Carmem Austrália Paredes , Ribas Filho Jurandir Marcondes , Malafaia Osvaldo
Published: December 2022

In this second part, the authors review and suggest a methodology for studies in skull base surgery and training in microsurgical laboratory, based on their experiences and reflections. Not only are the foundations for the acquisition of microsurgical skills presented, but also what is needed to be an effective skullbase surgeon with good results. The present article reflects in particular the philosophy of professor Evandro de Oliveira and also serves to present to the neurosurgical community a new state-of-the-art laboratory for hands-on courses in Brazil, at the Faculdade Evangélica Mackenzie do Paraná.
COVID-Associated Sinonasal Mucormycosis: Radiological Pathological Correlation and Prognostic Value of MR Imaging
Authors: Agarwal Sheetal , Gautam Richa , Kumar Jyoti , Garg Anju , Khurana Nita , Meher Ravi , Wadhwa Vikram , Goel Ruchi , Arora Ritu
Published: December 2022

Purpose Our aim was to assess the sinonasal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features of acute invasive fungal rhinosinusitis (AIFRS) in coronavirus disease (COVID)-associated mucormycosis (CAM) and to correlate these with histopathology and patient outcome in terms of duration of hospital stay and survival at 10 weeks.

Methods Twenty patients with histopathologically confirmed sinonasal CAM underwent MRI (including postcontrast T1-weighted and diffusion-weighted imaging). Histopathological findings (presence of coagulative necrosis, granulomatous reaction, and fungal burden) were recorded and all patients were followed up at 6 and 10 weeks. Statistical analysis was done using chi-square test and Fischer's exact test.

Results Enhancement patterns seen in our subjects included homogeneous, heterogeneous, and lack of contrast enhancement (LOC), with LOC being the most common (65%). Diffusion restriction was found in 90% patients. Statistically significant correlation was found between LOC pattern and presence of coagulative necrosis (p-value = 0.007), extent of fungal hyphae (p-value = 0.047), and duration of hospital stay (p-value = 0.004). Restricted diffusion was also seen to correlate with a high fungal load (p-value = 0.007).

Conclusion Our study describes the MRI findings of AIFRS in CAM and highlights the imaging features which may be surrogate markers for coagulative necrosis and fungal burden.
Comparison of Nasal Analysis by Photographs (2D) against Low-cost Surface Laser Imaging (3D) and against Computed Axial Tomography Imaging
Authors: Rendón-Medina Marco Aurelio , Hanson-Viana Erik , Mendoza-Velez Maria de los Angeles , Hernandez-Ordoñez Rubén , Vazquez-Morales Hecly Lya , Pacheco-López Ricardo C.
Published: December 2022

Introduction In aesthetic surgery, we have a few evaluation tools that numerically and objectively measure the changes we make in patients. This article aimed to evaluate the nasal systematic analysis and compare findings between the three systems of nasal evaluation: photographs 2D, 3D surface imaging with the Kinect system, and 3D CT scan imaging.

Methods We designed a longitudinal and descriptive prospective study with simple non-blind randomization. To compare the systematic nasal analysis between the three methods. If the findings are similar, all three methods would be useful in independent clinical scenarios.

Results A total of 42 observations were included finding a minimum age of 21 with a mean of 28 years old. Also, 64% were female, 93% had adequate facial proportions, and 50% were Fitzpatrick III. For outcome statistics, we found differential nasal deviation between 3D images with a mean of 6.53 mm. While when comparing the nasal dorsum length, we found a statistical significance of p = 0.051. When comparing the nasal dorsum length index, we found no significant difference p = 0.32. Also, we did not find statistical significance when comparing the nasofrontal angle and tip rotation angle p = 1 for both.

Conclusion We found that the population we serve has characteristics of Hispanic mestizo nose. The three methods seem to evaluate systematic nasal analysis in a very similar way, and any of them can be used depending on the scenario and the needs of plastic surgeons.
Boosting bone regeneration using augmented melt-extruded additive-manufactured scaffolds
Authors: Cámara-Torres Maria , Fucile Pierpaolo , Sinha Ravi , Mota Carlos , Moroni Lorenzo
Published: December 2022

Bone tissue engineering (BTE) is in active search of the ideal scaffold to give a clinical solution for bone regeneration in non-union fractures. During the last decades, the use of additive manufacturing (AM), and, in particular, melt extrusion AM (ME-AM), has been investigated towards this aim. ME-AM enables the fabrication of personalized 3D scaffolds, with a controlled and highly interconnected porosity, through the solvent-free processing of biodegradable and mechanically robust polymers. In addition to these properties matching the requirements for BTE scaffolds, the polymers used to fabricate these constructs are also more amenable for further functionalization than metals or ceramics, to influence cell behaviour, making thermoplastic materials a preferred choice for BTE. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of various ME-AM scaffolds developed for BTE, along with approaches used to augment their bioactivity, which includes architectural, surface physical and chemical modifications, the incorporation of secondary fibrous or hydrogel networks within the scaffold pores, and the use of composites for ME-AM scaffold fabrication.
On what there is in particular
Authors: Payton Jonathan D
Published: December 2022

Quine says that ontology is about what there is, suggesting that to be ontologically committed to Fs is to be committed to accepting a sentence which existentially quantifies over Fs. Kit Fine argues that this gets the logical form of some ontological theses wrong. Fine is right that some ontological theses cannot be rendered simply as ‘There are Fs’. But the root of the problem has yet to be recognized, either by Fine or by his critics. Sometimes to adopt an ontological thesis is not merely to commit yourself to there being at least one F; it is to take a stand on which Fs there are. Once we recognize the ‘particularity’ of these ontological theses, we can adequately express them within the confines of a Quinean approach to ontology and ontological commitment.
Construction and development of a novel dual-gene coexpression system to promote heterologous protein secretion forStreptomyces
Authors: Yang Lingli , Hatanaka Tadashi
Published: December 2022

Streptomyces lividans is a potent host for the extracellular overproduction of heterologous proteins. To further improve the usability and productivity of S. lividans, a dual gene expression vector of “pTSKr duet” containing two strong constitutive promoters, scmpPc and kasOp*, was constructed. The success in the overproduction of two secretory enzymes simultaneously without interference with each other indicated that the “pTSKr duet” vector can realize the coexpression of two genes simultaneously and independently. Further, using the two-gene coexpression vector, we screened the effects of the overexpression of five factors that possibly promote secretion on the extracellular overproduction of heterologous secretory proteins. Interestingly, the coexpression of a quality control regulator (CssR) promoted the overproduction level to 1.3-fold for a stable heterologous protein of SMTG (transglutaminase from S. mobaraensis), while other four factors limited the overproduction of SMTG at different degrees.
Predicting miRNA-disease associations based on lncRNA–miRNA interactions and graph convolution networks
Authors: Wang Wengang , Chen Hailin
Published: December 2022

Increasing studies have proved that microRNAs (miRNAs) are critical biomarkers in the development of human complex diseases. Identifying disease-related miRNAs is beneficial to disease prevention, diagnosis and remedy. Based on the assumption that similar miRNAs tend to associate with similar diseases, various computational methods have been developed to predict novel miRNA-disease associations (MDAs). However, selecting proper features for similarity calculation is a challenging task because of data deficiencies in biomedical science. In this study, we propose a deep learning-based computational method named MAGCN to predict potential MDAs without using any similarity measurements. Our method predicts novel MDAs based on known lncRNA–miRNA interactions via graph convolution networks with multichannel attention mechanism and convolutional neural network combiner. Extensive experiments show that the average area under the receiver operating characteristic values obtained by our method under 2-fold, 5-fold and 10-fold cross-validations are 0.8994, 0.9032 and 0.9044, respectively. When compared with five state-of-the-art methods, MAGCN shows improvement in terms of prediction accuracy. In addition, we conduct case studies on three diseases to discover their related miRNAs, and find that all the top 50 predictions for all the three diseases have been supported by established databases. The comprehensive results demonstrate that our method is a reliable tool in detecting new disease-related miRNAs.
DrugAI: a multi-view deep learning model for predicting drug–target activating/inhibiting mechanisms
Authors: Zhang Siqin , Yang Kuo , Liu Zhenhong , Lai Xinxing , Yang Zhen , Zeng Jianyang , Li Shao
Published: December 2022

Understanding the mechanisms of candidate drugs play an important role in drug discovery. The activating/inhibiting mechanisms between drugs and targets are major types of mechanisms of drugs. Owing to the complexity of drug–target (DT) mechanisms and data scarcity, modelling this problem based on deep learning methods to accurately predict DT activating/inhibiting mechanisms remains a considerable challenge. Here, by considering network pharmacology, we propose a multi-view deep learning model, DrugAI, which combines four modules, i.e. a graph neural network for drugs, a convolutional neural network for targets, a network embedding module for drugs and targets and a deep neural network for predicting activating/inhibiting mechanisms between drugs and targets. Computational experiments show that DrugAI performs better than state-of-the-art methods and has good robustness and generalization. To demonstrate the reliability of the predictive results of DrugAI, bioassay experiments are conducted to validate two drugs (notopterol and alpha-asarone) predicted to activate TRPV1. Moreover, external validation bears out 61 pairs of mechanism relationships between natural products and their targets predicted by DrugAI based on independent literatures and PubChem bioassays. DrugAI, for the first time, provides a powerful multi-view deep learning framework for robust prediction of DT activating/inhibiting mechanisms.
Sleep slow-wave oscillations trigger seizures in a genetic epilepsy model of Dravet syndrome
Authors: Catron Mackenzie A , Howe Rachel K , Besing Gai-Linn K , St. John Emily K , Potesta Cobie Victoria , Gallagher Martin J , Macdonald Robert L , Zhou Chengwen
Published: December 2022

Sleep is the preferential period when epileptic spike–wave discharges appear in human epileptic patients, including genetic epileptic seizures such as Dravet syndrome with multiple mutations including SCN1A mutation and GABAA receptor γ2 subunit Gabrg2Q390X mutation in patients, which presents more severe epileptic symptoms in female patients than male patients. However, the seizure onset mechanism during sleep still remains unknown. Our previous work has shown that the sleep-like state-dependent homeostatic synaptic potentiation can trigger epileptic spike–wave discharges in one transgenic heterozygous Gabrg2+/Q390X knock-in mouse model.1 Here, using this heterozygous knock-in mouse model, we hypothesized that slow-wave oscillations themselves in vivo could trigger epileptic seizures. We found that epileptic spike–wave discharges in heterozygous Gabrg2+/Q390X knock-in mice exhibited preferential incidence during non-rapid eye movement sleep period, accompanied by motor immobility/facial myoclonus/vibrissal twitching and more frequent spike–wave discharge incidence appeared in female heterozygous knock-in mice than male heterozygous knock-in mice. Optogenetically induced slow-wave oscillations in vivo significantly increased epileptic spike–wave discharge incidence in heterozygous Gabrg2+/Q390X knock-in mice with longer duration of non-rapid eye movement sleep or quiet–wakeful states. Furthermore, suppression of slow-wave oscillation-related homeostatic synaptic potentiation by 4-(diethylamino)-benzaldehyde injection (i.p.) greatly attenuated spike–wave discharge incidence in heterozygous knock-in mice, suggesting that slow-wave oscillations in vivo did trigger seizure activity in heterozygous knock-in mice. Meanwhile, sleep spindle generation in wild-type littermates and heterozygous Gabrg2+/Q390X knock-in mice involved the slow-wave oscillation-related homeostatic synaptic potentiation that also contributed to epileptic spike–wave discharge generation in heterozygous Gabrg2+/Q390X knock-in mice. In addition, EEG spectral power of delta frequency (0.1–4 Hz) during non-rapid eye movement sleep was significantly larger in female heterozygous Gabrg2+/Q390X knock-in mice than that in male heterozygous Gabrg2+/Q390X knock-in mice, which likely contributes to the gender difference in seizure incidence during non-rapid eye movement sleep/quiet–wake states of human patients. Overall, all these results indicate that slow-wave oscillations in vivo trigger the seizure onset in heterozygous Gabrg2+/Q390X knock-in mice, preferentially during non-rapid eye movement sleep period and likely generate the sex difference in seizure incidence between male and female heterozygous Gabrg2+/Q390X knock-in mice.
Decrease in CD4 T-Cell Count and Risk of Severe Morbid Conditions in People With Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection With Controlled Viral Load After Initiating Combination Antiretroviral Therapy Between 2006 and 2018
Authors: Choufany Maria , Weiss Laurence , Makinson Alain , Roul Hélène , Livrozet Jean-Michel , Pourcher Valérie , Melica Giovanna , Rioux Christophe , Viard Jean-Paul , Marshall Esaie , Grabar Sophie , Costagliola Dominique
Published: December 2022

Background

A previous study showed an association between CD4 T-cell count decline in people with human immunodeficiency virus infection (PWH) with viral suppression and an increased risk of severe morbid conditions. We aimed to assess the risk of CD4 T-cell count decline (hereafter, CD4 decline), determine associated factors, and evaluate the association of this decline with the risk of severe morbid conditions (cardiovascular disease and cancer) or death.

Methods

From the Agence Nationale de Recherches sur le SIDA et les hépatites virales (ANRS) CO4 French Hospital Database on HIV cohort, we selected PWH >18 years old who had been followed up for ≥2 years after viral suppression following the initiation of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) between 2006 and 2018. CD4 decline was defined as 2 consecutive relative differences ≥15%. Among participants with such decline, we modeled CD4, CD8, and total lymphocyte counts before and after CD4 decline, using spline regression. The remaining objectives were assessed using Poisson regression, with the association between CD4 decline and the risk of severe morbid conditions or death evaluated during or after 6 months of decline.

Results

Among 15 714 participants (75 417 person-years), 181 presented with CD4 decline (incidence rate, 2.4/1000 person-years (95% confidence interval, 2.1–2.8). CD8 and total lymphocyte counts also showed a similar decline. Older current age and lower viral load at treatment initiation were associated with the risk of CD4 decline. The risk of severe morbid conditions or death was 11-fold higher during the first 6 months for participants who presented with CD4 decline versus those who did not (incidence rate ratio, 10.8 [95% confidence interval, 5.1–22.8]), with no significant difference after 6 months.

Conclusions

In PWH with viral suppression, CD4 decline was rare and related to global lymphopenia. It was associated with a higher risk of severe morbid conditions or death during the first 6 months.
Should we CLICK on chlorthalidone for treatment-resistant hypertension in chronic kidney disease?
Authors: Agarwal Rajiv
Published: December 2022

Treatment-resistant hypertension is common among patients with advanced chronic kidney disease (CKD). In people with preserved kidney function, spironolactone is an evidence-based treatment. However, the risk for hyperkalemia limits its use in people with more advanced CKD. In the Chlorthalidone in Chronic Kidney Disease (CLICK) trial, 160 patients with stage 4 CKD and poorly controlled hypertension as confirmed by 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure (ABP) monitoring were randomly assigned to either placebo or chlorthalidone 12.5 mg daily in a 1:1 ratio stratified by prior loop diuretic use. The primary endpoint was the change in 24-hour systolic ABP from baseline to 12 weeks. The trial showed a treatment-induced reduction of 24-hour systolic ABP by 10.5 mmHg. Of the 160 patients randomized, 113 (71%) had resistant hypertension, of which 90 (80%) were on loop diuretics and the mean number of antihypertensive medications prescribed was 4.1 (standard deviation 1.1). In this subgroup of patients with treatment-resistant hypertension, the adjusted change from baseline to 12 weeks in the between-group difference in 24-hour systolic ABP was −13.9 mmHg (95% CI −19.4 to −8.4; P < .0001). Furthermore, compared with placebo, the urine albumin:creatinine ratio in the chlorthalidone group at 12 weeks was 54% lower (95% CI −65 to −40). Following randomization, hypokalemia, reversible increases in serum creatinine, hyperglycemia, dizziness, orthostatic hypotension and hyperuricemia occurred more frequently in the chlorthalidone group. Chlorthalidone has the potential to improve BP control among patients with advanced CKD and treatment-resistant hypertension. However, caution is advised when treating patients, especially when they are on loop diuretics.
Performance Evaluation of FPGA-Based LSTM Neural Networks for Pulse Signal Detection on Real-Time Radar Warning Receivers
Authors: Tekincan Erdoğan Berkay , Erçelebi Ayyıldız Tülin , Ayyıldız Nizam
Published: December 2022

Radar warning receivers are real-time systems used to detect emitted signals by the enemy targets. The conventional method of detecting the signal is to determine the noise floor and differentiate the signals above the noise floor by setting a threshold value. The common methodology for detecting signals in noisy environment is Constant False Alarm Rate (CFAR) detection. In CFAR methodology, threshold level is determined for a specified probability of false alarm. CFAR dictates the signal power to be detected is higher than the noise floor, i.e. signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) should be positive. To detect radar signals for negative SNR values machine learning techniques can be used. It is possible to detect radar signals for negative SNR values by Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) Artificial Neural Network (ANN). In this study, we evaluated whether LSTM ANN can replace the CFAR algorithm for signal detection in real-time radar receiver systems. We implemented a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) based LSTM ANN architecture, where pulse signal detection could be performed with 94% success rate at -5 dB SNR level. To the best of our knowledge our study is the first where LSTM ANN is implemented on FPGA for radar warning receiver signal detection.
User Name-Based Compression and Encryption of Images Using Chaotic Compressive Sensing Theory
Authors: K Ashwini
Published: December 2022

Simultaneous compression and encryption of images using a novel chaotic map is proposed in this paper. Both compression and encryption of images are carried out by the theory of compressive sensing (CS). A novel chaotic map with a high degree of chaos that is extremely sensitive to its initial parameters is proposed. A measurement matrix for the CS framework is designed based on the proposed map. The compression and recovery of images with different compression/sampling ratios are tested using the designed measurement matrix. Encryption of the compressed data is carried out using the proposed chaotic map and a novel user name-based encryption scheme. The entire encryption/decryption process proposed is completely dependent on the sequence obtained from the proposed chaotic map as well as the authorized user name. Thus, by this process, only authorized people with a valid user name will be able to decrypt the encrypted data and recover the actual underlying image. Simulation results on the proposed scheme with different images show that the average peak signal-to-noise ratio and structural similarity index values of about 32 dB and 0.861 are obtained for a sampling ratio of 0.5. Validations on the proposed map and the encryption process that were carried out using various standard tests prove the efficiency of the system in successfully compressing and encrypting the images. Also, the qualitative evaluation of the proposed compression–encryption process outperforms some of the existing works in the literature.
Key Reuse Attacks on Post-quantum Cryptosystems, Revisited
Authors: Wang Ke , Zhang Zhenfeng , Jiang Haodong , Xie Huiqin , Li Yanjun , Sun Ying , Han Lidong
Published: December 2022

The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) has been working on standardization of post-quantum cryptography and is approaching the end of round-3 evaluation of algorithms. Key reuse security evaluation is an important part of algorithm evaluation. In order to evaluate the key reuse security of candidate IND-CPA PKEs, at Eurocrypt’19, B$\breve{\text{a}}$etu et al. proposed a classical key recovery under plaintext checking attack (KR-PCA) which can recover the reused secret keys by querying an oracle thousands of times. However, the method does not work for cryptosystems which shorten ciphertexts by rounding off the low bits, such as round-3 finalists Kyber and Saber. Subsequently, Dumittan and Vaudenay (ACNS’20) and Qin et al. (ASIACRYPT’21) came up with new effective methods, which require carefully constructed queries. In this paper, we propose an automatic method to recover the reused secret keys of IND-CPA PKEs in Kyber and Saber. Instead of constructing queries carefully, our method uses automated search combined with an optimized bruteforce. The effect and cost of the method depend on the specific parameters. In particular, we can recover the secret keys after thousands of queries in all parameter sets, which is comparable with the current best result.
CafeteriaSA corpus: scientific abstracts annotated across different food semantic resources
Authors: Cenikj Gjorgjina , Valenčič Eva , Ispirova Gordana , Ogrinc Matevž , Stojanov Riste , Korošec Peter , Cavalli Ermanno , Seljak Barbara Koroušić , Eftimov Tome
Published: December 2022

In the last decades, a great amount of work has been done in predictive modeling of issues related to human and environmental health. Resolution of issues related to healthcare is made possible by the existence of several biomedical vocabularies and standards, which play a crucial role in understanding the health information, together with a large amount of health-related data. However, despite a large number of available resources and work done in the health and environmental domains, there is a lack of semantic resources that can be utilized in the food and nutrition domain, as well as their interconnections. For this purpose, in a European Food Safety Authority–funded project CAFETERIA, we have developed the first annotated corpus of 500 scientific abstracts that consists of 6407 annotated food entities with regard to Hansard taxonomy, 4299 for FoodOn and 3623 for SNOMED-CT. The CafeteriaSA corpus will enable the further development of natural language processing methods for food information extraction from textual data that will allow extracting food information from scientific textual data.

Database URL: https://zenodo.org/record/6683798#.Y49wIezMJJF
Epicardial fat accumulation and left heart remodelling in patients with chronic coronary syndrome
Authors: Seki Hikari , Nakanishi Koki , Daimon Masao , Hirose Kazutoshi , Mukai Yasuhiro , Yoshida Yuriko , Nakao Tomoko , Morita Hiroyuki , Di Tullio Marco R , Homma Shunichi , Komuro Issei
Published: December 2022

Aims

Patients with chronic coronary syndrome (CCS) suffer from subsequent cardiovascular events, even after complete revascularization; thus, elucidation of the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms is required. Epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) is increasingly recognized as a metabolically active organ with a key role in the pathogenesis of metabolic-related cardiac diseases. The present study investigated the association between EAT burden and left heart remodelling in patients with CCS.

Methods and results

We studied 267 CCS patients (210 men; 71 ± 9 years) with complete revascularization and normal left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction who underwent follow-up echocardiography. All patients underwent the measurement of EAT thickness and speckle-tracking analysis to evaluate LV global longitudinal strain (LVGLS) and left atrial (LA) phasic strain. The mean EAT thickness was 5.0 ± 1.8 mm. Age, sex, body mass index, and diabetes mellitus were independently associated with EAT thickness (all P < 0.05). Multivariable linear regression analysis demonstrated that EAT thickness was significantly associated with LV mass index, early diastolic mitral annular velocity, and LA conduit strain independent of age, sex, and cardiovascular risk factors (all P < 0.05). On the other hand, there was no relationship between EAT thickness and LV systolic parameters including LV ejection fraction and LVGLS.

Conclusion

CCS patients with increased EAT thickness had unfavourable left heart remodelling. The assessment of EAT thickness by echocardiography may have clinical utility as a simple surrogate to aid in risk stratification for impaired left heart function in CCS patients.
Dual left anterior descending artery with anomalous left anterior descending artery from pulmonary artery: double trouble
Authors: Kakarla Saikiran , Sasikumar Deepa , Valakkada Jineesh
Published: December 2022

Anomalous origin of left anterior descending artery (LAD) from pulmonary artery (ALADCAPA) with dual LAD from left sinus is an extremely rare coronary anomaly. The diagnostic challenge lies in differentiating this from a coronary cameral fistula. Surgical reimplantation of the anomalous LAD is recommended to prevent the risk of myocardial ischaemia and ventricular arrhythmias.
Will she or won’t she? The ambivalence of female musicianship in two paintings by Bernardino Licinio (1489–1565)
Authors: Henry Chriscinda
Published: December 2022

This article examines the depiction of sexual propo­sition, the corruption of female virtue and the ambivalent allurements of secular music in a pair of 16th-century Concert paintings by the Venetian artist Bernardino Licinio. It argues that Licinio’s multi-figure concerts, centred on the music-making of young women, both parody and invert the classical elegiac theme of the pauper amans, the impoverished poet-lover who condemns the power of wealth and bestows poetry instead of gold on his beloved, only to be rejected due to her vanity and materialism. The pauper amans theme appears in several 16th-century Venetian strambotti and early madrigals, which are decidedly satiric in tone. In his paintings, Licinio reverses the familiar roles of poet and beloved, and the refined music of the virtuous-seeming young woman is challenged by the dissonant sound of her older male admirer shaking a purse full of coins or by his bold physical advances, which impede her playing. The dissonant and crude gesture of offering her coin payment equates the young woman’s art of music with her sexuality. It alleges not only her corruptibility and low status as a piece of merchandise for sale, but also debases the spiritually elevating art of music, with its noble and abstract figurations of love. The motif of the shaken purse with its ‘music of gold’ first appears in the Venetian dialect comedy La buelsca (c.1514), and is repeated in a series of later songs and poems centred on the subject of the grasping, mercenary prostitute in the 1520s and 30s. Licinio’s paintings play with such popular literary and musical themes but ultimately prefer visual ambiguity and unresolved narrative tension to their frankness and specificity.
Subculture and Etiolation Treatment Promotes Rooting Ability of Upper Branches of Black Locust Crown
Authors: Zhang Jie , Zhao Ye , Duan Anan , Wang Wei , Sun Yuhan , Dong Li , Cao Sen , Li Xiuyu , Liu Xiaodi , Han Chao , Uddin Saleem , Bi Wei , Wang Ruohan , Li Yun
Published: December 2022

The black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) is an economically and ecologically important tree worldwide. However, maturation and position effects affect its asexual reproduction. Despite etiolation treatment and successive subcultures promoting the plant cutting’s rooting rate, whether the promoting effects of aging (upper) branches and young (lower) branches are consistent is unknown. Therefore, we evaluated the relevant rooting ability indicators of tree age effect and its location effect in 26-year-old R. pseudoacacia trees and the current-year branches of different parts. Branches of the upper and lower parts of these trees underwent accelerated germination to generate shoots as explants. We subjected the tissue culture–generated shoots to an etiolation treatment to investigate how the treatment and subculture time affected the rooting ability of the shoot explants induced by different parts of the black locust branch. Tissue culture shoots subjected to the etiolation treatment exhibited a 2–3 day shorter rooting time. Shoots from the upper crown organs achieved a rejuvenation effect, which manifested as enhanced rooting capacity. Our study results provide a theoretical basis for maintaining the juvenility and consistency of clones. Besides having theoretical and practical value, our study also guides the selection of suitable propagation materials for production.
Spatial Analysis of Forest Product Manufacturers in North Carolina
Authors: Sodiya Olakunle E , Parajuli Rajan , Abt Robert C , Gray Joshua
Published: December 2022

Spatial analysis of industrial locations is an important tool for cluster-based economic development that helps identify hot spots for attracting new businesses in a particular region. The forest product industry in North Carolina (NC) is the top employer among all manufacturing sectors, with a substantial contribution to the state economy. Using geographic information system tools, we examined the current spatial distribution of the primary and secondary forest product manufacturers (FPM) and available forest resources to identify major hot spots in NC. Additionally, by estimating count data models, this study evaluated factors influencing the location of FPMs across counties in NC. Our results suggested that primary FPMs exhibit a higher spatial dependency relative to secondary FPMs. Similarly, regression results suggested that the counties near cities with high population, hot spots of raw materials, and better county economy are more likely to host both primary and secondary FPMs in the counties of NC. The findings of this study shed light on how the clustering of forest product manufacturing firms may influence competition between FPMs, sustainable supply of raw materials, and supply-chain networks in forest-dependent rural regions.
Co-expression Gene Networks and Machine-learning Algorithms Unveil a Core Genetic Toolkit for Reproductive Division of Labour in Rudimentary Insect Societies
Authors: Favreau Emeline , Geist Katherine S , Wyatt Christopher D R , Toth Amy L , Sumner Seirian , Rehan Sandra M
Published: December 2022

The evolution of eusociality requires that individuals forgo some or all their own reproduction to assist the reproduction of others in their group, such as a primary egg-laying queen. A major open question is how genes and genetic pathways sculpt the evolution of eusociality, especially in rudimentary forms of sociality—those with smaller cooperative nests when compared with species such as honeybees that possess large societies. We lack comprehensive comparative studies examining shared patterns and processes across multiple social lineages. Here we examine the mechanisms of molecular convergence across two lineages of bees and wasps exhibiting such rudimentary societies. These societies consist of few individuals and their life histories range from facultative to obligately social. Using six species across four independent origins of sociality, we conduct a comparative meta-analysis of publicly available transcriptomes. Standard methods detected little similarity in patterns of differential gene expression in brain transcriptomes among reproductive and non-reproductive individuals across species. By contrast, both supervised machine learning and consensus co-expression network approaches uncovered sets of genes with conserved expression patterns among reproductive and non-reproductive phenotypes across species. These sets overlap substantially, and may comprise a shared genetic “toolkit” for sociality across the distantly related taxa of bees and wasps and independently evolved lineages of sociality. We also found many lineage-specific genes and co-expression modules associated with social phenotypes and possible signatures of shared life-history traits. These results reveal how taxon-specific molecular mechanisms complement a core toolkit of molecular processes in sculpting traits related to the evolution of eusociality.
Impact of Pneumonia on Cognitive Aging: A Longitudinal Propensity-Matched Cohort Study
Authors: Hendel Merle K , Rizzuto Debora , Grande Giulia , Calderón-Larrañaga Amaia , Laukka Erika J , Fratiglioni Laura , Vetrano Davide L
Published: December 2022

Background

Acute clinical events, such as pneumonia, may impact physical functionality but their effect on cognition and the possible duration of this effect remains to be quantified. This study investigated the impact of pneumonia on cognitive trajectories and dementia development in older people.

Methods

Data were obtained from 60+ years old individuals, who were assessed from 2001 to 2018 in the population-based SNAC-K study (Sweden). Participants were eligible if they were not institutionalized, had no dementia, and did not experience pneumonia 5 years prior to baseline (N = 2 063). A propensity score was derived to match 1:3 participants hospitalized with a diagnosis of pneumonia (N = 178), to nonexposed participants (N = 534). Mixed linear models were used to model cognitive decline. The hazard of dementia, clinically diagnosed by physicians following Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)-IV, was estimated using Cox regression models.

Results

We found a transient impact of pneumonia on cognitive decline in the first 2.5 years (B = −0.94, 95% confidence interval [CI] −1.75, −0.15). The hazard ratio (HR) for dementia was not statistically significantly increased in pneumonia participants (HR = 1.17, 95%CI 0.82, 1.66).

Conclusions

The transient impact of pneumonia on cognitive function suggests an increased need of health care for patients after a pneumonia-related hospitalization and reinforces the relevance of pneumonia prevention.
Intergenerational Ties and COVID-19 Contagion: A Study on European Adults Aged 50 Years and Older Using SHARE Data
Authors: Uccheddu Damiano , Rizzi Ester Lucia
Published: December 2022

Objectives

Intergenerational coresidence and interdependence among family members are salient forms of family support. However, they can also likely increase social and physical contact and thus potential coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) transmission, especially among older adults. This study makes an original contribution to the literature by investigating which individual and household characteristics are associated with the risk of COVID-19 contagion among community-dwelling adults aged 50 years or older living in 27 European countries. We accounted for multiple indicators of intergenerational relationships and conducted a gendered analysis.

Methods

The data came from the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE), including 2 waves of the SHARE Corona Survey. Using linear probability models, the risk of experiencing COVID-19 outcomes was predicted by different family structures and intergenerational relationship indicators.

Results

While intergenerational coresidence was not associated with the risk of COVID-19, a higher frequency of face-to-face contact with adult children was associated with a lower risk of COVID-19 among mothers. This result stresses the importance of social support from adult children during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, we also showed that grandparents who took care of grandchildren were at a higher risk of COVID-19. Additionally, childless individuals had a lower risk of COVID-19 during the second wave of the pandemic.

Discussion

This study highlights the importance of intergenerational relationships in pandemic studies and underscores the need to examine how intergenerational ties might be a source of social support. Implications for policy interventions are discussed in the final section.
The Oral-Gut Axis: Periodontal Diseases and Gastrointestinal Disorders
Authors: Lam Gretchen A , Albarrak Hala , McColl Cassidy J , Pizarro Alaina , Sanaka Harsha , Gomez-Nguyen Adrian , Cominelli Fabio , Paes Batista da Silva Andre
Published: December 2022

One of the prospective sequelae of periodontal disease (PD), chronic inflammation of the oral mucosa, is the development of inflammatory gastrointestinal (GI) disorders due to the amplification and expansion of the oral pathobionts. In addition, chronic inflammatory diseases related to the GI tract, which include inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), can lead to malignancy susceptibility in the colon of both animals and humans. Recent studies suggest that dysbiosis of the oral microbiota can alter the microbial composition in relative abundance or diversity of the distal gut, leading to the progression of digestive carcinogenesis. The link between PD and specific GI disorders is also closely associated with the migration and colonization of periodontal pathogens and the subsequent microbe-reactive T cell induction within the intestines. In this review, an in-depth examination of this relationship and the accessibility of different mouse models of IBD and PD may shed light on the current dogma. As such, oral microbiota dysbiosis involving specific bacteria, including Fusobacterium nucleatum and Porphyromonas gingivalis, can ultimately lead to gut malignancies. Further understanding the precise mechanism(s) of the oral-gut microbial axis in PD, IBD, and colorectal cancer pathogenesis will be pivotal in diagnosis, prognosis, and future treatment.
Distributing Democratic Influence: External Efficacy and the Preferred Influence of Policy Winners and Losers
Authors: Kevins Anthony
Published: December 2022

Should those who would be disproportionately affected by a policy change have more influence on that reform than the average citizen? And does it matter whether the affected individuals stand to benefit or lose out from the proposed reform? Despite longstanding debates on proportionality, asymmetry, and affected interests in the democratic theory literature, we know little about public opinion on these questions. This study, therefore, uses an original survey of 3,200 U.S. respondents to explore these attitudes. To do so, it builds on related work highlighting the potential relevance of the type of affectedness as well as individual-level variation in political efficacy, examining (1) the relationship between the preferred influence of negatively versus positively affected citizens; and (2) the role of external efficacy in shaping these preferences. Results suggest that most respondents favor equal influence regardless of affectedness, but that greater external efficacy may increase the preferred influence of negatively and positively affected citizens.
AGENT: an adaptive grouping and entrapping method for flocking systems
Authors: Wang Chen , Kuang Wenxi , Gu Minqiang , Fan Zhun
Published: December 2022

This study proposes a distributed algorithm that enables agents’ adaptive grouping and entrapment of multiple targets via automatic decision making, smooth flocking, and well-distributed entrapping. In this study, an agent distributed decision framework is proposed. Agents make their own decisions about which targets to surround based on environmental information. Meanwhile, a modified Vicsek model is proposed to enable agents to smoothly change formations to adapt to the environment, while forming an entrapping effect on the target. In addition, we provide an optional rotary entrapping function for this model to achieve better effect. We validate the performance of proposed method using simulation and physical experiments.
Fission yeast cells mix parental mitochondria in a progressive manner during meiosis
Authors: Wu Daqiang , Chu Yongkang , Wei Wenfan , Liu Ling , Fu Chuanhai
Published: December 2022

Mitochondria in many fungi are inherited uniparentally during meiosis. It has remained unclear whether parental mitochondria in the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe are inherited uniparentally or biparentally. Here, we assessed the mixing of parental mitochondria carefully by live-cell microscopy and developed an algorithm to determine the degree of mitochondrial mixing in a quantitative manner. We found that parental mitochondria in fission yeast cells were mixed progressively as meiosis progressed. Moreover, we established that mitochondrial fission and the size of the conjugation neck are the limiting factors in restricting the mixing of parental mitochondria. We further employed a combination of quantitative polymerase chain reaction, fluorescent live-cell microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy approaches to examine the mitochondrial inheritance of progeny cells derived from a cross between wild-type and Rho0 (mitochondrial DNA absent) cells. The results show that all progeny cells of the cross carry mitochondrial DNA. Hence, our data support the model in which parental mitochondria in the fission yeast S. pombe are inherited biparentally during meiosis.
Wildfire Response: A System on the Brink?
Authors: Thompson Matthew P , Belval Erin J , Bayham Jude , Calkin David E , Stonesifer Crystal S , Flores David
Published: December 2022

Increasing wildfire activity, decreasing workforce capacity, and growing systemic strain may result in an interagency wildfire-response system less capable of protecting landscapes and communities. Further, increased workloads will likely increase hazards to fire personnel and amplify existing problems with recruitment and retention. In the face of elevated risks and degraded capacity, it is imperative that the wildfire-response system operate efficiently. Viable solutions are urgently needed that enable the system to do more with less and that manage not only for landscapes and communities but also the health and wellbeing of the fire personnel on whom the system relies. Achieving this will likely require rethinking how the interagency wildfire-response system can more adaptively and intelligently deploy fire personnel by leveraging enhanced logistics, operations, and proven fire analytics.