bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Relationship Between Pistol Olympic Shooting Performance, Handgrip and Shoulder Abduction Strength
Authors: Mon-López Daniel , Zakynthinaki Maria S. , Cordente Carlos Alberto , García-González Jorge
Published: October 2019

The ability to stabilize the gun, a crucial factor for performance in air pistol Olympic shooting, is thought to be strongly related to the muscular work of the shooter´s shoulder and forearm. The objective of the present study was to confirm this relationship by analysing the influence of maximal finger flexor forces and maximal isometric shoulder force on performance in female air pistol shooting. Twenty‐three female pistol shooters participated in the study. Handgrip and shoulder force data were recorded under competition conditions, during the official training time of national Spanish championships on the day previous to the competition and at the official training stands. Performance was measured as the total score of 40 shots at competition. Linear regressions between performance and age, weight, height, training experience, body mass index (BMI), mean and maximal finger flexor and shoulder forces were calculated. Significant correlations were found between performance and a) training hours b) peak finger flexor force relative to the BMI, and c) peak isometric force of the shoulder abduction relative to the BMI. The study concludes that there is a statistically significant correlation between performance and muscular forces exerted by the athletes relative to their BMI. Appropriate muscular strength training programs are therefore necessary in female air pistol Olympic shooting.
Post‐Activation Potentiation: Is there an Optimal Training Volume and Intensity to Induce Improvements in Vertical Jump Ability in Highly‐Trained Subjects?
Authors: Kobal Ronaldo , Pereira Lucas A. , Kitamura Katia , Paulo Anderson C. , Ramos Henrique A. , Carmo Everton C. , Roschel Hamilton , Tricoli Valmor , Bishop Chris , Loturco Irineu
Published: October 2019

The aim of this study was to compare the acute effects of performing half squats (HSs) with different loading intensities (1, 3, and 5 repetitions maximum [RM], and 60% 1RM) and a different number of sets (1, 2, and 3) on the countermovement jump (CMJ) performance of 18 highly‐trained male subjects. Participants were submitted to four experimental conditions (1RM, 3RM, 5RM, and 60% 1RM) in randomized order. The CMJ was assessed before and after each set. Differences in CMJ performance between the distinct experimental conditions and individual responses in CMJ performance induced by the different protocols were analyzed via the magnitude‐based inference method. Overall, significant improvements were detected in individual CMJ heights after each activation protocol. It can be concluded that the use of 1 to 3 sets of HSs performed at moderate‐to‐high loads may be an effective strategy to improve jump performance in highly‐trained subjects. Nonetheless, despite the high efficiency of the protocols tested here, coaches and researchers are strongly encouraged to perform individualized assessments within the proposed range of loads and sets, to find optimal and tailored post‐activation potentiation protocols.
Post-Activation Potentiation on Squat Jump Following Two Different Protocols: Traditional vs. Inertial Flywheel
Authors: Timon Rafael , Allemano Silvia , Camacho-Cardeñosa Marta , Camacho-Cardeñosa Alba , Martinez-Guardado Ismael , Olcina Guillermo
Published: October 2019

Post‐activation potentiation (PAP) has been defined as a major enhancement of muscular performance following a preload stimulus. The eccentric actions seem to cause a potentiating effect on subsequent explosive exercises. The aim of this study was to determine whether a protocol of squat exercise using an inertial flywheel could have a potentiating effect on jump performance. Sixteen physically active volunteers participated in the study (age: 21.8 ± 2.7 years; body mass index: 23.6 ± 3). All participants completed two different protocols on separate days: a Traditional Protocol (using a half squat with a guided barbell) and an Inertial Flywheel Protocol (using a half squat with an inertial flywheel). Both protocols were similar and consisted of 3 x 6 reps at the load that maximized power, with a 3‐minute rest interval between sets. The squat jump (SJ) was measured by a contact platform at baseline, and four, eight and twelve minutes after the PAP stimulus. A two‐way ANOVA with repeated measures was performed to analyze significant differences over time. There were significant increases of SJ height (p = 0.004, d = 0.665), velocity (p = 0.003, d = 0.688) and power (p = 0.004, d = 0.682) from baseline after the inertial flywheel protocol. A significant interaction effect (time x protocol) was observed, showing that the inertial flywheel protocol had a potentiating effect on the jump performance compared to the traditional protocol, more specifically at 4 and 8 minutes after the PAP stimulus. In conclusion, the inertial flywheel protocol showed a potentiating effect on the squat jump performance, thus this pre‐ conditioning activity could be useful during the warm‐up before the competition.
Factors affecting voice quality in early glottic cancer before and after radiotherapy
Authors: Mekis Jana , Strojan Primoz , Boltezar Irena Hocevar
Published: October 2019

Background

Radiotherapy (RT) is a successful mode of treatment for early glottic cancer. The aim of the study was to assess voice quality both before and 3 months after successful RT using multimodal methods while also identifying the factors affecting it.

Patients and methods

In 50 patients with T1 glottic carcinoma, the subjective (patients’ assessment of voice quality [VAS], Voice Handicap Index [VHI] questionnaire, phoniatricians’ assessment using the grade/roughness/ breathiness [GRB] scale), and objective assessments (fundamental laryngeal frequency [F0], jitter, shimmer, maximum phonation time [MPT]) of voice quality were performed before RT and 3 months post-RT. The data on gender, age, extent of the tumors, biopsy types, smoking, local findings, and RT were obtained from the medical documentation.

Results

Three months after the treatment, VAS, VHI, G and R scores, F0, and MPT significantly improved in comparison with their assessment prior to treatment. Before the treatment, the involvement of the anterior commissure significantly deteriorated jitter (p = 0.044) and the involvement of both vocal folds deteriorated jitter (p = 0.003) and shimmer (p = 0.007). After the RT, F0 was significantly higher in the patients with repeated biopsy than in the others (p = 0.047). In patients with post-RT changes, the B score was significantly higher than in those without post-RT changes (p = 0.029).

Conclusions

Voice quality already significantly improved three months after the treatment of glottic cancer. The main reason for the decreased voice quality prior to treatment is the tumor’s extent. Post-RT laryngeal changes and repeated biopsies caused more scarring on vocal folds adversely influencing voice quality after the treatment.
Intergovernmental Relations‘ Third Wheel: The Role of the Supreme Court in an Era of Collaborative Federalism
Authors: O‘Beirne Allison
Published: October 2019

The Supreme Court of Canada has an absolutely undeniable role in intergovernmental relations. As the country‘s only constitutionally entrenched body charged with the resolution of division-of-powers disputes, its decisions and rulings are always certain to influence the way in which governments interact with each other. Recently, however, the Supreme Court has come to be less highly regarded as a method of resolving the disputes that arise between governments [...]
Constitutional Accords and National Discord: The Impact of Constitutional Reform on Canadian Unity
Authors: Snow Eric
Published: October 2019

Two particularly significant efforts have been made to amend the constitution since it was patriated in 1982: the Meech Lake Accord and the Charlottetown Accord. During each process, Canadian leaders acted boldly and decisively to renew Canadian federalism, satisfy the disenfranchised and keep all Canadians happy at once. However, while constitutions are intended to draw people together under a common purpose, this bold action succeeded in nothing but driving Canadians apart. The country was politically fractured into a collection of divided constituencies, and at its culmination the country was almost torn apart forever. Starting with the aftermath of the Constitution Act, 1982, this paper will consider several proposals from the Meech Lake and Charlottetown Accords respectively. The reasons why each accord failed will be considered in turn, as well as the consequences of that failure [...]
Striving to Maintain a Holistic Nation: Preventing Quebec Sovereignty
Authors: Gosse Kimberley
Published: October 2019

Federalism is essentially a system of voluntary self-rule and shared rule […] a binding partnership among equals in which the parties to the covenant retain their individual identity while creating a new entity.‖1 Canadian federalism illustrates how a political sub-unit such as a province, can maintain personal autonomy while contributing and recognizing its importance to the holistic entity. The federal and provincial governments‘ relationship is constitutional, as their division of powers is entrenched in our written Canadian constitution. However, ambiguity in legislature and a provinces belief of having a weak political identity can create tension among these levels of government. Historically, this has been an issue seen through the province of Quebec and the political turmoil experienced on each respective level of government [...]
Disenfranchisement: Objectives and Objections : Looking Beyond the Rhetoric
Authors: McDermott Casey
Published: October 2019

Since the entrenchment of the Cana-dian Charter of Rights and Freedoms in 1982, much debate has focused on the legal, equali-ty, and democratic rights of both individuals and groups. While acknowledging the pro-gress in areas such as legal and equality rights, debates regarding democratic rights seem timeless and unsusceptible to the idea of the “living tree.”; This paper will analyze the high-ly controversial debate surrounding prisoner disenfranchisement and assert that voting is a fundamental right in democratic society. Through the analysis of the political objectives as well as the upholding and dissenting judge-ments in Sauvé 2, a decision where the Court held that prisoners have the right to vote un-der section 3 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms [...]
The Return of Federalism and Constitutional Politics: Analyzing the Role of the Supreme Court as an Arbiter in Contemporary Political Society
Authors: Parcasio Marjun
Published: October 2019

Since the ascendancy of the Charter of Rights and Freedoms as the centrepiece of a new constitutional order in Canada, there has been a distinctive decline of federal discourse in the courts and within the political sphere. Traditional cases pertaining to the division of powers at the Supreme Court have been eclipsed by the novelty of rights jurisprudence that has consumed the court in the past three decades1. Moreover, constitutional issues have been considered an anathema since the failure of the negotiations at Meech Lake and Charlottetown, exacerbated by the near-death experience for federalism in the 1995 referendum in Québec. In recent years, however, the changing nature of Canada’s political dynamics has signalled a return of federalism and constitutional politics [...]
Media from Concentrate: Portrayals of Québec Nationalism in Canadian Media
Authors: Logan Tim
Published: October 2019

“Diversity of opinion and aggressive news gathering tend to disappear with the disappearance of competition, and public opinion could thereby become more of a hostage to private interests than a master to public policy.”18 These were the words of a young entrepreneur named Conrad Black in 1969. He went on to control over 43% of Canadian circulation, along with 35% of the book market. Black argued against anti-concentration regulations by claiming they would constitute government infringement on press freedoms. The 1981 Kent Commission on newspaper ownership summed up the counterargument eloquently: “For the heads of such organizations to justify their positions by appealing to the freedom of the press is offensive to intellectual honesty.”19 Since then, a consensus has formed amongst journalists and those that study them that corporate ownership negatively affects content.[...]
A Collaborative Method to Overcome the Difficulty of Constitutional Amendment
Authors: McLatchy Abigail
Published: October 2019

Constitutional politics hold a special place in Canadian political history. Demanding and difficult, the politics of the Constitution have been marked by disagreement and dissent for the entire brief history of this nation. Canada is both a multinational and territorially vast federation, thus it can only be expected that the views and demands of the diverse provinces and nations within will conflict. From this viewpoint, it seems a daunting task to unite this federation around a constitution meant to represent Canada as a harmonious and collective nation. This task has led to years of meetings concerning constitutional amendments that would properly represent and meet the demands of the provinces and Canadians as a whole, but the constitutional amendment process has proven to be extremely difficult and largely unsuccessful [...]
Deferential Federalism: The Politics and Policy Implications of ‘Collaborative’ Federalism Since 1994
Authors: Wilford Gregory
Published: October 2019

The topic of this essay is Canada’s evolving federalism. It will examine the development of "collaborative federalism"1 in Canada since the mid-1990s, analysing the politics operating behind it in order to i) detail the stances taken by recent federal governments in their dealings with the provinces and ii) show the consequences of these stances on national policy objectives and social programs. It is this author’s contention that federal governments over the last two decades have intermittently engaged in convenient deference toward their provincial counterparts and that, when this has been done, it has been detrimental to pan-Canadian policy objectives generally and social programs in particular. First of all, the Agreement on Internal Trade (AIT) of 1994 showcases the weaknesses of framework-oriented policy initiatives that characterize collaborative arrangements. Next, the Canada Health and Social Transfer (CHST) created in the 1995 federal budget highlights how easily the federal government can defer greater authority onto the provinces and what this means for social programs [...]
Open Federalism: A Balancing Act of Multiculturalist Concerns and Fiscal Imbalances
Authors: Wolfe Brianna
Published: October 2019

In today’s political economy, federalism plays a vital role in the function of Canadian politics and governance. Canadian federalism is a system of government that divides the legislative responsibilities of government between national and sub-national jurisdictions in accordance with the Canadian constitution. 1 Although limited throughout the world, federal states are unique in their multilevel governance approach, which allows for more active citizenship, and opportunities throughout the state. In recent years, prior to the 2006 election win of the Conservative Party of Canada, Stephen Harper proposed a unique approach to federalism, which he regarded as open federalism. Harper’s decentralized approach to federalism was very persuasive in the beginning stages of its development because of the opportunities it proposed: however, a more thorough analysis of Harper’s model suggests many errors in its application, including the extensive objectives it involves. Ultimately, the structure and components of Canadian federalism are based on the current prime minister’s interpretation of federalism [...]
La refonte du fédéralisme suisse: impacts sur les autonomies cantonale et communale
Authors: Mathys Laetitia , Keuffer Nicolas
Published: October 2019

Il est souvent dit que la Suisse, Etat fédéral constitué en 1848, n’est pas un pays comme les autres, qu’elle estunique, complexe et intrigante à plus d’un niveau. Plus précisément, trois. Le pouvoir politique est en effetpartagé entre la Confédération, les cantons et les communes1. Pour un pays comptant quatre régionslinguistiques et autant de différences culturelles et géographiques, le fédéralisme est la garantie d’unecohésion sociale à terme (Ladner, 2013). La littérature sur le fédéralisme suisse est très étendue et fait état dedeux principales dimensions fédérales dans lesquelles s’inscrivent la marge de manoeuvre des différentesentités souveraines: les dimensions verticale et horizontale. La première implique une collaboration àtendance plus ou moins hiérarchique entre la Confédération, les cantons et les communes. La deuxièmeengage, elle, un ou plusieurs cantons ou communes qui collaborent de manière égale et non-hiérarchique, àl’aide, par exemple, de concordats, de conventions ou d’autres contrats [...]
La décentralisation au sein des fédérations de Suisse, d’Allemagne et d’Autriche
Authors: Saint-Martin-Audet Grégoire
Published: October 2019

Le fédéralisme est un régime politique basé sur plusieurs principes fondamentaux tels que la subsidiarité et le partage des compétences. Ce modèle d’organisation politique n’est cependant pas rigide dans son application, puisqu’il se décline en plusieurs variantes. À cet effet, ce texte est voué à l’étude du système fédéral européen, une ramification du fédéralisme relativement complexe et bien moins connue que le modèle anglo-saxon sur lequel sont basées de nombreuses fédérations telles que le Canada, les États-Unis, l’Australie et l’Afrique du Sud.[...]
The Viability of Secession: The Case of Quebec
Authors: Phelan Timothy
Published: October 2019

Quebec nationalism is one of the defining forces of Canadian politics in the twentieth century. Indeed, it has been embraced by some leaders and reviled by others. Certainly, it has produced great tension in a country which constitutionally enshrines the values of “peace, order, and good government.” (The Constitution Act, 1867, UK) Additionally, secession has become an increasingly important tool for the resolution of ethnic conflict [...]
La politique canadienne sur le multiculturalisme
Authors: Tremblay Pascal
Published: October 2019

The Canadian multiculturalism policy of 1971 became a law in 1988. This text analyses the different critics of the former policy that influenced the elaboration of the 1988 law. It also presents an analysis of the dimensions of that law, which endeavors to be a compromise between pluralism and integration.
Tendance centralisatrice en Suisse depuis 1848
Authors: Murray Katherine , Naud Daniel
Published: October 2019

This paper enquires whether Switzerland has tended to centralize its federation since 1848, and if so what the causes of this are. The article first describes the historical background of federalism in Switzerland before 1848. The hypothesis is that since 1848, Switzerland has effectively tended to be more centralistic. To prove so, it compares the 1848 constitution to the 1999 constitution. Finally, it points out three different causal blocks spread out in three different time periods: the first one from 1848 to 1874, the second one from the late 19th Century to World War II and the last one from World War II to today.
European Integration and its Implications on the Decline of State Sovereignty
Authors: Romero Sean
Published: October 2019

The evolution of European integration has raised fundamental concerns as to whether or not state sovereignty is a necessary sacrifice for the furtherance of European Union (hereinafter E.U.) member states’ national interests. The inherent precept for any form of integration among neighboring nation-states is federalism. Precursors to this premise such as William Penn (1644-1718), Immanuel Kant (1724-1804), Saint-Simon (1760-1825), and Carlo Cattaneo (1801-1869), envisaged a Europe united through an inter- European common economic system and a sovereign European legislative body; all while respecting the national patronages and law making duties of European nations – a federal system. Political decision makers in the early twentieth-century realized the paradox facing Europe; demonstrated in the inter-European fighting of World Wars I and II and the failure of the League of Nations [...]
Entrenching Aboriginal Self-Governance in Canada: the Constitutional Approach
Authors: Mooers Candace
Published: October 2019

Ce texte cherche à savoir si les amendements constitutionnels proposées récemment permettront l’émancipation désirées par les Premières Nations du Canada. En premier, ce texte examine les statuts passés et présents des premières nations dans leurs relations avec le gouvernement fédéral. Il étudie ensuite les effets de la réponse du gouvernement. Il termine avec une analyse de l’avenir des droits indigènes au Canada, concluant que la réforme proposée ne peut pas faire plus de mal que ce qui a été déjà fait.
An Examination of Recent Federal Government Proposals to Reform the Senate of Australia via Legislative and Constitutional Means
Authors: Rodriguez Javier
Published: October 2019

Ce texte explique le besoin de réformer le Sénat de l’Australie. Il décrit premièrement deux suggestions faites par des membres concurrents du présent gouvernement de coalition pour rééquilibrer l’énorme pouvoir du Sénat. Par la suite, en énumérant les obstacles qui interdisent l’implémentation de chacune des deux suggestions, l’auteur suggère laquelle est le moins restrictive, ayant des exigences plus atteignables.
Creating a Constitutional Framework for Spending
Authors: Norman Katie
Published: October 2019

Abstract unavailable. See PDF for full text.
Canadian Interstate Federalism and Economic Globalization
Authors: Carnegie Derek
Published: October 2019

Despite the development of a general agreement that the processes of globalization weaken national borders, little attention has been paid until recently to the impact of these processes on the internal borders of federal systems. These discussions take on particular urgency in Canada, a country which is both trade-dependent and defined in large part by its federal structure (Simeon, 2003 p.132). This paper examines the responses of the provinces and systems of interstate federalism to economic globalization, particularly the negotiation and implementation of the GATT/WTO agreements since the Tokyo Round and FTA/NAFTA agreements. Though these responses have been ad hoc and incomplete, they have developed a flexible approach which has balanced federal and provincial interests in the midst of largely centralizing trends [...]
La politique étrangère des États fédéraux : cas belge et canadien
Authors: Anciaux David
Published: October 2019

Depuis les années 70, plusieurs entités territoriales ont affirmé leur présence au niveau international. En entreprenant ces processus, elles ont remanié le concept traditionnel de souveraineté qui considérait la présence internationale comme émanant uniquement du pouvoir central. Cette présence des sous-entités territoriales à l’extérieur des frontières nationales est due à un nombre important de causes variant des raisons économiques aux raisons culturelles ou politiques1. Ces entités sont non seulement présentes sur la scène internationale mais également dans la formation de la politique étrangère des États fédéraux [...]
Pierre Elliott Trudeau et le Fédéralisme
Authors: Lamontagne Patrick
Published: October 2019

Que l’on aime ou non le personnage, Pierre Elliott Trudeau est un incontournable au Canada. Rares sont ceux qui peuvent se vanter d’avoir eu une carrière d’intellectuel et de politicien comme la sienne. C’est d’ailleurs un point très intéressant que l’on peut tirer de la vie de M. Trudeau, le fait qu’il ait été à la fois un penseur et un acteur du politique. Plusieurs le considèrent comme un des plus grands Premiers ministres de l’histoire du pays, d’autres, surtout au Québec, le voient d’un regard fortement défavorable [...]
La jeunesse canadienne et le déficit électoral
Authors: Desgrosseilliers Gilbert
Published: October 2019

La chute du mur de Berlin en 1989 a marqué la victoire du libéralisme démocratique au détriment de l’idéologie communiste. Les conditions étaient donc propices au fleurissement mondial des principes et des valeurs démocratiques. Malgré son hégémonie idéologique incontestée, la démocratie a connu depuis 1989 certains échecs et plusieurs difficultés. Tout d’abord, l’exportation de la démocratie a fait débâcle en Afghanistan et en Iraq, où les gouvernements en place ne réussissent pas à consolider leur emprise sur leur pays. De plus, en Somalie, malgré l’existence d’un « gouvernement élu », le pays est, depuis dix ans, profondément ancré dans l’anarchie et tristement à la merci des seigneurs de guerre guerroyants [...]
Canadian Federalism: A System of Flexibility and Adaptability
Authors: MacDonald Adam P.
Published: October 2019

The current edition is largely based within a Canadian context, though we did receive article submissions from as far away as Russia. Specifically, change is a recurring theme underlying and tying the various articles in this edition together. Federalism is not a stagnate form of governance, especially within a large, diverse polity such as Canada. In this regard, Canada serves as a case study of the challenges faced by other conciliatory federations. The current journal has been ordered chronologically to provide a stream of historical and contemporary accounts that demonstrates the constant need for adaptation to deal with change within the Canadian federal system. Though some issues researched in this journal may seem to be nothing more than historical, their impacts on Canadian politics still resonate today for each author, while researching a specific topic is at the same time addressing generic concerns about the nature of the Canadian Federation; concerns that need to be addressed for they have not be resolved [...]
Are We Clear, Now?: Analysis of the Effectiveness and Legitimacy of Bill C-20, the Clarity Act (2000)
Authors: Bradbury Natalie
Published: October 2019

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the effectiveness and legitimacy of the Clarity Act (2000) within the context of federal-provincial relations. Effectiveness is gauged by the extent to which the Act achieves its initial goals of clarifying government’s position on separatism, redefining terms (such as ‘majority’) and diminishing support within Quebec for sovereignty. Legitimacy is assessed through examining whether or not the federal government has the legal ability to make decisions on the type of majority/question that a province needs for sovereignty. There are several arguments that maintain that this should remain within the jurisdiction of the provincial legislature. The historical events that led up to the Act are discussed as evidence of the Act’s reflection of continuities that plagued Quebec-Canada relations. While analyzing expert opinion, the author brings together both pro- and anti- Clarity Act perspectives in order to arrive at her conclusion. Revisiting statistical work by Pinal is used to gauge the Quebecois reaction to the Act. The author concludes, ultimately, that the Clarity Act is both an effective and legitimate response to calls for Québec sovereignty. The Act upholds democratic values and supports national unity. The controversy surrounding the Act accentuates the value of debate within the intergovernmental political realm.[...]
Les Stratégies Provinciales dans le développement des énergies renouvelables a faible impact et la place du gouvernement fédéral : Des actions efficaces?
Authors: Villard Philippe
Published: October 2019

Cet article examine le développement des énergies renouvelables à faible impact pour l’environnement (ERFI) au Canada. Les provinces, qui ont compétence exclusive dans l’exploitation des ressources naturelles, ont chacune mis en place des programmes pour développer les ERFI. Les politiques les plus efficaces sont celles qui sont contraignantes, comme les renewable portfolio standards, qui fixent des normes minimales de production d’électricité susceptibles d’évoluer dans le temps. Ils offrent un cadre d’action rigoureux doublée d’une certaine flexibilité qui tient compte de la réalité.Le palier fédéral n’est pas empêché d’agir par le cadre institutionnel canadien : la Constitution lui octroie des compétences dans le commerce et la taxation des ressources naturelles, et des décisions judiciaires lui accordent un rôle prépondérant dans la protection de l’environnement. Il peut influer favorablement sur le développement des ERFI, mais il n’a toujours pas de vision globale dans ce domaine, et donc toujours pas de politique cohérente. S’il est présent dans le financement de programmes de Recherche & Développement et dans le développement de l’énergie éolienne, cela reste à une place modeste. Dans les autres domaines, il est absent.Sans coordination au niveau fédéral, pour des raisons plus politiques qu’institutionnelles, seules les provinces qui mettent en place des législations contraignantes parviennent à un développement efficace des ERFI.[...]
TO THE QUESTION OF THE UPPER LIMB DESYMPATHISATION IN RAYNAUD’S PHENOMENON
Authors:   Medical and Sanitary Department of the State Unitary Enterprise «Tajik Aluminum Company», Rakhmatullaev Rakhimdzhon , Abduvakhidov Bahodur Ulmasovich ,   Department of Pediatric Cardiac Surgery, Istiklol Medical Complex, Pulatov Orifdzhon Negmatovich ,   Department of Vascular Surgery, Sogd Regional Center of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Surgery, Rashidov Fakhriddin Shamsiddinovich ,   Republican Scientific Center for Cardiovascular Surgery, Boltabaev Ikrom Ismailovich ,   Department of Congenital Heart Disease, Republican Scientific Center for Cardiovascular Surgery
Published: October 2019

Objective: The review discussed the most important aspects of the implementation of various variants of upper sympathectomy under the Raynaud’s phenomenon. A short characteristic given, the indications, effectiveness and frequency of complications of open, video-thoracoscopic and periarterial digital sympathectomy, as well as the methods of chemical sympatholysis disclosed. The reasons for the relapse of the Raynaud’s phenomenon, in particular, include the preservation of additional sympathetic innervation of the upper limb, progressive immune aggression, rapid regeneration of the intersected nerve trunks, and the variability of the anatomy of the sympathetic nervous system discussed in details. In addition, the work reflects the issues of the volume of cervical and thoracic sympathectomy and their comparative effectiveness in the early and late periods of observation. The literature data show that the effectiveness of sympathectomy in the long-term follow-up period remains at 43.3-93.3% and depends, first, on the method of its conduct, the stage and genesis of the disease, and on the effect of trigger factors of vasospasm. Despite the contradictory results of the upper extremity sympathectomy in the Raynaud’s phenomenon, it continues to be the only hope in the arsenal of vascular surgeons, which in most cases can improve the circulation of the fingers and the hand. Keywords: Raynaud’s phenomenon, thoracic sympathectomy, chemical sympatholysis, videotoracoscopy, results.
ANEURYSM OF THE INTERNAL JUGULAR VEIN: A SHORT LITERARY REVIEW AND OWN OBSERVATION
Authors:   Republican Scientific Center for Cardiovascular Surgery, Nematzoda Okildjon , Rahmonov Dzhamakhon Ahmedovich ,   Republican Scientific Center for Cardiovascular Surgery, Zugurov Abumansur Khursandovich ,   Department of Surgical Diseases № 2, ATSMU, Rashidov Fakhriddin Shamsiddinovich ,   Republican Scientific Center for Cardiovascular Surgery, Boltabaev Ikrom Ismailovich ,   Department of Congenital Heart Disease, Republican Scientific Center for Cardiovascular Surgery
Published: October 2019

Objective: The paper describes the case of successful diagnosis and surgical treatment of an aneurysm of the internal jugular vein (IJV) in a young patient. Keywords: Aneurysm, internal jugular vein, diagnosis, treatment, results.
Measuring the Impact of Some Macroeconomic Variables on the Stock Price Index in the Iraq Stock Exchange for the period (2006-2015)
Authors: Hassan Khalil Gh. , Sabah Wafaa
Published: October 2019

This study aims at measuring the impact of some macroeconomic variables on stock prices index in the Iraqi Stock Exchange (ISX) for the monthly data from January 2006 to December 2015 based on (121) observations using the ARDL model. Results indicated that the stock price index of Iraq Stock Exchange (ISX) and macroeconomic variables are co-integrated and a long-run relationship exists between them. The long-run coefficients suggested that the consumer price index (CPI) and money supply (M2) had a negative effect while the Interest-Rate-Current Account (Over Draft) (DR) had a positive effect on the stock prices index. However, the variable exchange rate (EX) did not show significant effect on the stock prices index
Future Risk Assessments of E-waste in Kurdistan Region of Iraq
Authors: Dawood Sarhan S.
Published: October 2019

Technical development in the field of electronics exceeded all expectations in terms of production and innovation, which made human life captive to electronic devices such as mobile phones, computers and their peripherals, TVs…etc. This increasing growth in quantity of these devices and their relatively short life-cycles has led to excessive accumulation of E-waste end up as landfills. Due to a large amount of toxic substances of these E-wastes, there are huge alarming hazards on the environment and human health. Some of these E -wastes contain materials such as Mercury, lead, cadmium, phosphorus and other hazardous substances which have serious impacts on the environment and human health. This research has carried field-study to investigate the magnitude of the E-waste and the scale of the impact to the environment and health in the Duhok Governorate in Kurdistan region of Iraq. The study proposes appropriate solutions to E-waste recycling and minimizes its negative impact.
Terapia electroconvulsiva: experiencia en la Clínica Universitaria Teletón
Authors: Guzmán Yahira , Tejada Paola , Romero Tapia Álvaro
Published: October 2019

La terapia electroconvulsiva (TEC), constituye una alternativa terapéutica para manejar pacientes difíciles, como aquellos con trastornos depresivos recurrentes. Previamente, se ha demostrado su efectividad, con una baja tasa de efectos adversos. Se realizó estudio observacional descriptivo de pacientes TEC de la Clínica Universitaria Teletón durante los años 2007 y 2008. El tratamiento se aplicó a 19 pacientes, 2 recibieron dos ciclos. Se realizaron un total de 134 sesiones. 12 pacientes tenían diagnóstico de trastorno depresivo mayor. La colocación de los electrodos fue bilateral en todos los casos. La mayoría de los tratamientos se realizaron con una frecuencia de 3 sesiones por semana. La duración promedio de las crisis fue de 45,39 segundos por EEG. Se usó tiopental en 132 sesiones (91,6%) y propofol en 7 (4,9%). Succinilcolina se utilizó como relajante muscular en todas las sesiones. Se presentaron efectos adversos en 35 sesiones, la mayoría por de abundantes secreciones en 4 sesiones y cefalea en 9 sesiones. Estandarizar la realización del procedimiento permitirá el buen uso de las bases de datos en estudios posteriores, comparando diversas modalidades del mismo. Usar escalas de seguimiento de mejoría clínica ayudará a determinar la efectividad del tratamiento en nuestra población.
Factores asociados a lesiones preneoplásicas de cuello uterino en usuarias de la ESE del municipio de Aipe, en el periodo enero a septiembre de 2009
Authors: Mahecha Eduardo , Yaguar Sara A. , Calderón Glitza I.
Published: October 2019

El cáncer cervicouterino causa alrededor de 500.000 muertes al año en el mundo, en los países en desarrollo, su incidencia llega hasta 40 por 100.000 mujeres. Se realizó un estudio epidemiológico observacional, analítico de tipo casos y controles; basado en los casos. En 198 mujeres mayores de edad hasta de 55 años de edad, que acudieron al programa de detección temprana del cáncer cervicouterino en Aipe, Huila del 1° de enero al 30 de septiembre de 2009. En el estudio se excluyeron todas las mujeres con histerectomía por cualquier causa y aquéllas que fuesen menores de edad o que tuviesen más de 55 años de edad. La población fue entrevistada, con relación a los antecedentes ginecológicos, obstétricos y socioculturales. El riesgo de presentar lesiones preneoplásicas en el útero, se incrementa en 5,92 veces más en comparación de las que no han presentado infección. El tener de 6 a 7 compañero sexual se incrementa en 4,67 veces más en comparación a las que han tenido un solo compañero sexual. Las mujeres que han presentado infecciones vaginales tienen un riego mayor en 5,88 veces en comparación de las que no han presentado dicha enfermedad, al igual que el tener más de cinco compañeros sexuales incrementa el riesgo de cáncer cervicouterino en 20,67 veces más en comparación con las que han presentado de 2 a 4 compañeros sexuales.
Control hormonal y molecular del desarrollo de la glándula prostática
Authors: Perdomo Celis Federico , García Flórez Manuel
Published: October 2019

El control del crecimiento y de la fisiología prostática está basado en complejas interacciones de hormonas esteroides; específicamente son las vías metabólicas de su biosíntesis y degradación las que intervienen en el desarrollo de la glándula. También participan hormonas peptídicas y factores de crecimiento e interacciones entre el epitelio y el estroma. El desarrollo de la glándula prostática es caracterizado por una etapa de inducción prenatal, de ramificación ductal, diferenciación celular posnatal y otra de crecimiento durante la pubertad, esta última consecuencia de la producción testicular de testosterona (T). La conversión de T en dihidrotestosterona (DHT), por la acción de la enzima 5-α-reductasa, es importante en el origen embrionario de la glándula. Esta dependencia androgénica es también demostrada en el adulto, donde la privación de esta hormona lleva a una drástica regresión de la glándula. Además de andrógenos, otras hormonas como la progesterona y los estrógenos poseen acciones importantes en la fisiología prostática. Particularmente, este último es un factor regulador durante el desarrollo normal de la glándula, pero en determinadas situaciones se le ha asociado como agente inductor de algunas patologías durante el envejecimiento. Finalmente, la acción de enzimas como la aromatasa y de otras relacionadas con la conversión de T y de la DHT en compuestos sin actividad androgenica, como la 3β-hidroxi-esteroide deshidrogenasa (3β-HSD) y la 3β-adiol-hidroxilasa (CYP7B1) junto con la expresión coordinada de los receptores de hormonas esteroides ofrecen el equilibrio necesario para el desarrollo prostático normal. Esta revisión se centra en la acción de hormonas esteroides en diferentes etapas del desarrollo prostático, y aborda la acción de disruptores endocrinos.
VII Simposio Surcolombiano de enfermedades tropicales e inmunodeficiencias
Authors: Salud Revista Facultad de
Published: October 2019

1.Actualización en el manejo del Dengue Doris M. Salgado C. 2.Linfocitos B humanos y rotavirus: Una compleja relación. Carlos F. Narváez MD, PhD. Grupo de parasitología y Medicina Tropical. 3.Micología: actualización sobre la histoplasmosis y la criptococosis. Elizabeth Castañeda, PhD. Investigadora Emérita 4.¿Qué hay de nuevo en neumococo? Gloria Marcela Camacho España.
Resistencia antibiótica de los gérmenes productores de infección urinaria en el servicio de pediatría del HUHMP
Authors: Cortés Serranto Angélica , Rivera Lurduy Camilo , Montealegre Losada Alejandra , Nelson Puentes Karl Heinz , Bayona Miguel Andrés
Published: October 2019

La infección de vías urinarias es una de las patologías más frecuentes en la edad pediátrica y, en nuestro medio es un motivo de consulta frecuente. Conocer la sensibilidad antibiótica de los gérmenes productores de infección urinaria en nuestra población es una necesidad imperiosa para así poder guiar el manejo empírico de la misma en el paciente que asiste al servicio de urgencias. Por ello, se realizó un estudio de los pacientes menores de 14 años con diagnostico de infección urinaria confirmada por urocultivo en el servicio de infectologia pediátrica desde el 1 de junio de 2010 hasta el 31 de mayo de 2011, el número total de muestras fue de 58 urocultivos. El análisis epidemiológico mostro una incidencia del 67% en el género femenino. El germen que predominó dentro del análisis de los urocultivos fue Escherichia coli con un 77%, seguida de Klebsiella pneumoniae con un 8%, datos que coinciden con la literatura. Evaluando la sensibilidad antibiótica, la ampicilina y el trimetropim sulfametoxazol mostraron resistencias de 62% y 59% respectivamente. Del grupo de las cefalosporinas, la cefalotina mostró solo una sensibilidad del 55%. La resistencia bacteriana de los gérmenes productores de ITU en Pediatría en el Hospital Universitario de Neiva presenta una gran resistencia a las cefalosporinas de primera generación, por lo tanto no se recomienda su uso como tratamiento empírico en sospecha de infección de vías urinarias. Por lo tanto, se recomienda empezar tratamiento empírico con cefalosporinas de tercera generación debido a su baja tasa de resistencia.
Prevalencia y factores de riesgo relacionados con sangrado en la terapia con warfarina de los pacientes que ingresan al HUHMP de Neiva en el año 2011
Authors: Bonilla Hernández Juan Diego , Leal Cardozo María Alejandra , López Artunduaga Leidy Tatiana , Poveda Conde Lithey Cristina , Caviedes Pérez Giovanni
Published: October 2019

El objetivo de la investigación fue determinar la prevalencia de sangrado como complicación por el uso de Walfarina y factores de riesgo asociados en pacientes mayores de 18 años que ingresan al Hospital universitario de Neiva Hernando Moncaleano Perdomo (HUHMP de Neiva). Es un estudio de corte transversal periodo retrospectivo del año 2011, con 67 pacientes del HUHMP que presentaban prolongación del INR (INR>3) y consumo de Warfarina, diagnóstico de sobreanticoagulación y/o presencia de sangrado con consumo de wararina. El análisis de datos se realizó con epi Info v.7.0. y Microsoft Office Excel 14.0.0 . Se encontro una prevalencia de sangrado asociada a la anticoagulación durante el 2011 fue del 59,70%, siendo el sangrado mayor (62,50%) el sangrado más frecuente. Los principales diagnósticos con indicación para anticoagulación fueron: Prótesis valvular mecánica (31,34%), Tromboembolismo venoso (29,85%) y Fibrilación Auricular (16,42%), no hubo relación entre el tipo de indicación y la presentación de sangrado. El 75,12% de los pacientes tenían interacción medicamentosa principalmente con Lovastatina (35,82%), Omeprazol (28,36%) y Acetaminofén (25,37%). Hubo 4 muertes (5,97%) durante el estudio, 2 (5%) sangrados fatal. Los factores estadísticamente significativos fueron el control adecuado, posible factor protector para la presentación de sangrado, y ser mujer, posible factor de riesgo para presentar sangrado mayor. Como conclusión Existe una alta prevalencia de sangrado entre los pacientes anticoagulados, el estudio sugiere como posible factor de riesgo (3 veces superior) ante sangrado mayor pertenecer al género femenino y como posible factor protector ser hombre y mantener un control adecuado, además de que puede presentarse sangrado independientemente del INR.
Neumonía adquirida en la comunidad: recomendaciones prácticas
Authors: Morejón García Moisés
Published: October 2019

Introducción: las infecciones respiratorias agudas y en especifico la neumonía adquirida en la comunidad, forman parte de las principales causas de consultas e ingresos en nuestros hospitales. También están consideradas como una de las principales causas de uso inadecuado de antibióticos. Materiales y métodos: se realiza una revisión de los principales consensos internacionales sobre diagnóstico y tratamiento de la neumonía adquirida en la comunidad. Conclusiones: todos los consensos internacionales tienen recomendaciones similares, tanto en la clasificación de los pacientes como en el tipo de terapéutica inicial.
Histoplasmosis progresiva diseminada en un paciente sin VIH
Authors: Vargas Plazas Hernán Isaías , Luna Tavera Rina Liliana , Molano Trujillo Victor Manuel , Salinas Cortés Diego Fernando
Published: October 2019

Objetivo: reportar un caso de histoplasmosis progresiva diseminada en un paciente sin inmunodeficiencia, con Elisa para VIH negativo y discusión con respecto a la presentación clínica y diagnóstico. Diseño del estudio: reporte de un caso clínico y revisión de la literatura. Métodos: historia clínica, histopatología, reporte de paraclínicos, revisión de artículos publicados en revistas indexadas. Resultados: el paciente presenta síntomas de 1 mes de duración con pérdida de peso, hemoptisis, disfagia progresiva, lesiones en piel y mucosas ulceradas. En las biopsias tomadas se identificaron blastoconidias intracelulares y levaduras en los tejidos de ganglio, mucosa gástrica y médula ósea. Conclusiones: es un caso de histoplamasmosis progresiva en paciente sin VIH con compromiso pulmonar, gástrico y tejido linfático.
Descripción de las tres técnicas quirúrgicas más utilizadas en el manejo del hematoma subdural crónico
Authors: Velasco López Carlos Alberto , Muñoz Caicedo Augusto , Santamaría Castillo Laura Yulieth , Ruiz Mazuera Laura Catalina , Valencia Amaya Nathalie
Published: October 2019

Objetivo: Describir las tres técnicas quirúrgicas más utilizadas en el manejo del Hematoma Subdural Crónico (HSDC). Metodología: Estudio descriptivo de corte transversal realizado en 63 pacientes con diagnóstico de HSDC intervenidos quirúrgicamente mediante las técnicas trepano-drill, craneotomía con trefina y Craneotomía convencional, desde enero de 2013 hasta febrero de 2016 en una Institución Hospitalaria de la Ciudad de Popayán. Los datos obtenidos fueron analizados mediante el software de estadística SPSS-19. Resultados: De las tres técnicas utilizadas, la Trepano-Drill fue la más común (84,1%). Además, los pacientes intervenidos mediante esta técnica presentaron una menor cantidad de complicaciones intrahospitalarias (26,4%), su estado neurológico fue normal en el 77,4 % y solo el 34% requirió de Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos. Conclusión: No se encontró diferencia estadísticamente significativa entre las tres técnicas utilizadas. Sin embargo, el drenaje del hematoma subdural crónico utilizando la técnica quirúrgica trepano-drill, mostró mayores ventajas sobre las otras dos técnicas evaluadas: craneotomía con trefina y craneotomía convencional.
Türkiye Rezerv Yeterliliği: Rezervlerin İthalat Ve Kısa Vadeli Dış Borçlarla Karşılaştırılması Üzerine Bir Analiz
Authors: KILCI Esra N.
Published: October 2019

Ülke
ekonomisinin finansal gücünün bir göstergesi olan ve uluslararası yatırımcılar
tarafından önemle dikkate alınan uluslararası rezervlerdeki değişimler, finansal
istikrar açısından büyük öneme sahiptir ve akademik literatürde yaygın şekilde
çalışılmaktadır. Ülkelerin rezerv yeterliliğinin hesaplanmasında, Uluslararası
Para Fonu (IMF) tarafından, uluslararası rezervleri, yıllık ithalatın %25’i
oranında belirtilen optimal rezerv seviyesi ve net uluslararası rezervleri,
kısa vadeli dış borç toplamıyla karşılaştırmak şeklinde iki geleneksel yaklaşım
kullanılmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, 2011:Ç3-2018:Ç4 döneminde Türkiye’de
uluslararası rezervlerin yeterliliğini, Enders and Jones (2016) tarafından
geliştirilen Fourier Granger nedensellik testini kullanarak araştırmaktır.
Çalışma sonuçlarına göre, ilk yaklaşıma göre rezervler yeteliyken, ikinci
yaklaşım dikkate alındığında rezervlerin yeterli olmadığı görülmektedir.