bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Value of APACHE II, SOFA and CardShock scoring as predictive tools for cardiogenic shock: A single‐centre pilot study
Authors: Chlabicz Małgorzata , Łaguna Wojciech , Kazimierczyk Remigiusz , Kazimierczyk Ewelina , Łopatowska Paulina , Gil Monika , Sobkowicz Bożena , Kamiński Karol A. , Tycińska Agnieszka
Published: August 2024

Aims

The aim of this study was to determine the value of the Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II), Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) and CardShock scoring systems in predicting the risk of in‐hospital, 30 day and 3 year mortality in patients with cardiogenic shock (CS).

Methods

This was a single‐centre observational study conducted between May 2016 and December 2017. Data from consecutive patients with CS admitted to the intensive cardiac care unit (ICCU) were included in the analysis.

Results

The study group comprised 63 patients with CS {median age 71.0 [interquartile range (IQR), 59–82]; 42 men}: 32 patients with ischaemic and 31 with non‐ischaemic aetiology. The median APACHE II, SOFA and CardShock scores were 13 (IQR, 9.9–19.0) points, 8.0 (IQR, 6.0–10.0) points and 3.0 (IQR, 2.0–5.0) points, respectively. The in‐hospital, 30 day and 3 year mortality rates were 39.7%, 41.3% and 77.8%, respectively. APACHE II and SOFA scores were significantly higher in the group of patients who died at 30 days (P = 0.043 and P = 0.045, respectively). The CardShock score was higher in patients with CS who died in hospital (P = 0.007) and within 30 days (P = 0.004). No score was statistically significant for 3 year mortality. Area under the curve (AUC) analysis showed that the CardShock score had the highest value in predicting in‐hospital and 30 day mortality relative to APACHE II and SOFA, with a cut‐off score of 5 points [AUC: 0.70; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.59–0.81; P = 0.001] and 4 points (AUC: 0.71; 95% CI: 0.60–0.82; P < 0.001), respectively. The Bayesian Weibull model demonstrated the utility of all scales in estimating short‐term risk in patients with CS, with the impact of APACHE II and SOFA on patient life expectancy decreasing to a non‐significant level at approximately 32 days and CardShock at 33 days. The forest plots derived from the Bayesian logistic regression analysis show significant estimated coefficients with 94% highest density interval (HDI) for in‐hospital and 30 day mortality. The use of invasive or non‐invasive ventilation, a higher heart rate and a less negative fluid balance showed an unfavourable prognosis. Survival was associated with being in the pre‐CS class, with a higher glomerular filtration rate and a higher platelet count.

Conclusions

APACHE II and SOFA could be used for the risk stratification of patients with CS admitted to the ICCU. CardShock proved to be a more appropriate tool for assessing short‐term prognosis in patients with CS of all aetiologies, suggesting that there is potential for its promotion for use in daily clinical practice.
Supported Co‐Based Catalytic Systems for the Epoxidation of Terpenes Using O2 as Oxidant
Authors: Rais Meriem , Soulié Jérémy , Tendero Claire , Durand Jérôme
Published: August 2024

We synthesized and characterized a range of cobalt‐based catalyts supported on mesoporous silica (SBA‐15 and SBA‐16), commercial silica and functionalized carbon nanotubes (CNT), investigated their efficiency in the aerobic epoxidation of terpenes, specifically limonene and α‐pinene. Cobalt deposition was achieved by impregnation with cobalt(II) acetylacetonate and the resulting systems were characterized by XPS, ICP‐OES, N2 adsorption‐desorption, TEM, STEM‐HAADF and EDX. Variations in pore structure, cobalt dispersion, and oxidation states depending on the support used were observed. Catalytic tests demonstrated that Co/SBA‐15 (1.6 % Co) exhibited superior catalytic activity in the oxidation of limonene compared to Co/SBA‐16, Co/SiO2c, and Co/CNT, achieving 90 % conversion with a 68 % selectivity towards 1,2‐limonene oxide. In contrast, for α‐pinene oxidation, Co/SBA‐15 showed lower activity, while other catalysts achieved full conversion. The study also explored the effect of cobalt loading on catalytic performance, indicating that higher loadings generally led to rapid catalyst deactivation due to the formation of larger cobalt oxide particles. The findings underscore the critical role of support structure and cobalt dispersion in enhancing catalytic efficiency for terpene epoxidation. Additionally, we demonstrated the potential for 3 recycling and scale up to the gram level while maintaining high activity and selectivity.
Computational Assessment of Novel Ruthenium Phenoxazine‐Based Complexes as Photosensitizers in Photodynamic Therapy
Authors: Barretta Pierraffaele , Ponte Fortuna , Scoditti Stefano , Mazzone Gloria
Published: August 2024

A computational examination of two new polypyridyl ruthenium complexes, containing meldola blue (MDB) and nile blue (NB) chromophores, is here reported in order to assess the applicability of phenoxazine‐containing complexes in photodynamic therapy (PDT). The designed complexes, named Ru‐3ENB and Ru‐3EMDB, are based on a recently synthesized Ru(II)‐based complex bearing a bipyridyl‐ethynyl‐Nile Red (NR) ligand and proposed for PDT applications. DFT outcomes elucidated how the replacement of NR with MDB induces a red shift of the maximum absorption wavelength within the therapeutic window, up to 638 nm. A change in the molecular orbitals involved in the population of excited states was observed upon chromophore substitution that results in ISC kinetic significantly faster than that computed for the synthesized complex Ru‐3ENR.
An Optically Active 4‐Aryl‐3,4‐dihydroisocoumarin‐3‐carboxylate
Authors: Groben Oliver , Schmidtmann Marc , Christoffers Jens
Published: August 2024

A four step sequence for the preparation of optically active (R,R)‐ethyl 4‐phenyl‐3,4‐dihydroisocoumarin‐3‐carboxylate is reported. In the first step the first stereocenter was installed by palladium catalyzed asymmetric conjugate addition of PhB(OH)2 to indenone (88 % ee). After deprotonation, the ester moiety was introduced with Mander's reagent. The α‐hydroxylation of the resulting β‐oxoester was then achieved with cerium‐catalysis under an air atmosphere. Key transformation was the cyanide‐catalyzed ring transformation of α‐hydroxy‐β‐oxoester furnishing the δ‐lactone moiety of the target compound, which was formed as a mixture of separable cis‐ and trans‐diastereoisomers, both with 88 % ee. The cis‐isomer could be epimerized to the trans‐compound. The relative trans and the absolute (R,R)‐configuration of the target compound was established by X‐ray single crystal structure analysis.
Ethynylene‐Bridged Pentacene Trimer and Tetramer Prepared Through Unexpected Oligomerization and Their Subsequent Thermal Conversions
Authors: Hayashi Hironobu , Zhu Juanjuan , Minamino Naoto , Murakami Yuya , Kasahara Shoma , Matsuo Kyohei , Aratani Naoki , Yamada Hiroko
Published: August 2024

Ethynylene‐bridged acenes, which are π‐conjugated triple bond‐containing systems, have attracted increasing interest as promising organic semiconductor materials due to their delocalized π‐electrons. In this study, ethynylene‐bridged pentacene precursor oligomers were not only synthesized through multiple‐organic reactions but also were unexpectedly obtained in one‐pot by using a conventional reaction with lithium silylacetylide and quinone. In the case of one‐pot synthesis, the formation of oligomers, including pentamer, was evidently confirmed by matrix‐assisted‐laser‐desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry. Single crystal X‐ray analysis visualized the ethynylene‐bridged structure of the dimer which was one of the major products in the one‐pot reaction. It was found that the reaction time for the lithiation was the key factor in controlling oligomer formation. Finally, the thermal conversion from pentacene precursors to the corresponding pentacene oligomers was achieved via retro‐Diels–Alder reaction. These results would open an access to synthesize a wide range of π‐conjugated systems.
A locally resonant metamaterial and its application in vibration isolation: Experimental and numerical investigations
Authors: Ding Haibin , Huang Nianyong , Xu Changjie , Xu Yifei , Cao Zhigang , Zeng Chao , Tong Lihong
Published: August 2024

Vibration isolation metamaterial barrier has been extensively studied in mitigating the damage induced by vibration, while a deeper understanding of the vibration isolation characteristics based on laboratory experiments is still lacking. In this work, a locally resonant metamaterial barrier is proposed, and a large‐scale laboratory experiment was first designed to investigate the isolation mechanism of the proposed metamaterial barrier. The metamaterial vibration isolation barrier is assembled by arraying 5 × 5 resonators. To better explain the observations in experiments and unveil the underlying isolation mechanism, COMSOL Multiphysics was also employed to simulate the laboratory experiment. Subsequently, the vibration isolation effect is quantitatively analyzed by analyzing the acceleration amplitude reduction spectrum (ARS) of the ground surface. The vibration isolation mechanism is discussed by monitoring the acceleration field around the metamaterial barrier. The results indicate that two significant locally resonant attenuation domains are observed, which are induced by the first‐order and second‐order vertical resonance frequencies of the metamaterial. Another experimental scheme that simultaneously monitored the acceleration of the mass block and the bottom of resonators was implemented to investigate vibration in the resonator. The vibration energy distribution on the mass block and the bottom of the resonator is found to depend significantly on the vibration frequency. When the frequency is lower than a certain frequency, the locally resonant is dominant. Otherwise, the geometric scattering is dominant. The vibration isolation mechanism of the locally resonance metamaterial was investigated by laboratory experiments and provided an effective solving path for isolating the low‐frequency vibration.
Early intervention for adolescents with anorexia nervosa: Pilot evaluation of an outpatient group therapy prior to inpatient treatment
Authors: Stonawski Valeska , Stehbach Christiane , Bauer Marlen , Wangler Susanne , Moll Gunther H. , Horndasch Stefanie , Kratz Oliver
Published: August 2024

Objective

An increasing demand for inpatient treatment for adolescents with anorexia nervosa (AN) during and after the Covid‐19 pandemic contrasts with limited capacity and long waiting times. The current pilot study evaluated an outpatient group therapy (GT) as early intervention for adolescents with AN prior to inpatient treatment.

Methods

Seventeen female adolescents who participated at the GT (intervention group, INT) were compared to 16 adolescents without GT (treatment‐as‐usual, TAU). BMI, eating disorder psychopathology and motivation of change (MoC) were assessed at three timepoints.

Results

Comparing pre‐ versus post‐ group participation, we identified a significant increase of MoC and a trend towards a decreased AN‐specific psychopathology. Comparing INT with TAU adolescents, we found a significant lower AN psychopathology at inpatient admission for the INT group and a trend for different BMI courses: While the BMI of the TAU group decreased during waiting time, the INT group did not show a decrease during GT resulting in a higher BMI at admission.

Conclusions

Results of the current pilot study suggest positive effects of an early outpatient intervention in a group setting for adolescents with AN prior to inpatient treatment. Further research with larger sample sizes is necessary to validate the current pilot results.
Affinities of the Ocotea (Lauraceae) species from Cuba
Authors: Rohwer Jens G. , Zinser Jan , de Moraes Pedro Luís Rodrigues , Trofimov Dimitrij
Published: August 2024

The affinities of the Ocotea species from Cuba are examined based on sequences of the nuclear ITS region and the chloroplast psbA‐trnH spacer, supplemented by SEM studies on stomatal morphology. The species with bisexual flowers, all of them endemic either to the Greater Antilles or Cuba only, form (at least) two phylogenetically distinct groups. Ocotea bucheri, O. libanensis, O. moaensis, O. reticularis, and an undescribed species, all of them endemics of Eastern Cuba, form the sister group to the genus Damburneya. The remaining species form two clades nested in the Praelicaria clade. It remains uncertain if these two clades are sister to each other or not. The two widespread dioecious species show the expected affinities to conspecific material from other parts of the Neotropics.
Low‐calorie functional dairy dessert enriched by prebiotic fibers and high antioxidant herbal extracts: A study of optimization and rheological properties
Authors: Hosseinipour Seyyedeh Leila , Ghanbarzadeh Babak , Mofid Vahid , Soltani Mostafa , Hosseini Hedayat
Published: August 2024

The formulations of functional low‐calorie dairy dessert, enriched with inulin/polydextrose (as a starch substitute), and ginger/cinnamon extract (as a flavor component and natural antioxidants), were developed and optimized by the D‐optimal mixed design method. In the first stage, using the hedonic sensory evaluation and syneresis data, the optimal concentrations of inulin and polydextrose were obtained as 2.49% inulin and 1.51% polydextrose, respectively. The steady shear rheological test showed that the replacement of starch with inulin and polydextrose caused a decrease in apparent viscosity in all dessert samples. This decrease was higher in the samples containing polydextrose than those containing inulin. The replacement of starch with inulin and polydextrose also reduced the hysteresis loop area and thixotropic behavior. In the second stage, 0–0.4% of ginger and cinnamon extracts  were added to the optimum sample and then the antioxidant and color properties of dessert samples were evaluated. The lightness (L*) Hunter parameter decreased by adding extracts and the samples containing cinnamon extract showed a higher a* parameter than the control and ginger‐incorporated samples. The result of the 2,2‐diphenyl 1‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) antioxidant assay showed that the antioxidant capacity of ginger extract was significantly higher than that of cinnamon extract. The half‐maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) value of dessert samples decreased by adding 0.4% cinnamon and ginger extracts from 88.30 mg/mL to 77.04 and 31.94 mg/mL, respectively.
Low Mach number limit of a diffuse interface model for two‐phase flows of compressible viscous fluids
Authors: Abels Helmut , Liu Yadong , Nečasová Šárka
Published: August 2024

In this paper, we consider a singular limit problem for a diffuse interface model for two immiscible compressible viscous fluids. Via a relative entropy method, we obtain a convergence result for the low Mach number limit to a corresponding system for incompressible fluids in the case of well‐prepared initial data and same densities in the limit.
The Bioethicist as Healer
Authors: DuBois James M.
Published: August 2024

Combativeness is a social illness. We are surrounded by culture wars over abortion, vaccine mandates, transgender care, how we die, and even how we define death. The problem is not that we disagree, but how we disagree: too often, with anger, aggression, and a sense of urgency to win against the other. Bioethicists have the knowledge and skills needed to model constructive disagreement and respectful calls for change. Bioethicists may have increased awareness that everyone suffers from unconscious self‐serving biases—we are all imperfect. They are trained to recognize competing values and to engage in processes of balancing values in social contexts. Clinical ethicists are additionally trained in mediation, which involves acknowledging goodwill, listening deeply, apologizing when needed, and seeking common ground. In short, bioethicists have many of the tools needed to be healers of a culture afflicted with combativeness.
Lachnoclostridium intestinal flora is associated with immunotherapy efficacy in nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Authors: Yu Zikun , Wang Qin , Wang Zimeng , Liu Sihan , Xia Tianliang , Duan Chongyang , Liu Youping , Ding Xi , Chen Siyuan , Yu Tao , You Rui , Chen Mingyuan , Huang Peiyu
Published: August 2024

Background

Effective biomarkers for assessing anti‐PD‐1/PD‐L1 therapy efficacy in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) are still lacking. The human gut microbiota has been shown to influence clinical response to anti‐PD‐1/PD‐L1 therapy in many cancers. However, the relationship between the gut microbiota and the efficacy of immunotherapy in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma has not been determined.

Methods

We conducted a prospective study in which fecal and blood samples from patients with NPC were subjected to 16S rDNA sequencing and survival analysis. To investigate potential differences in the gut microbiome between these groups and to identify potential biomarkers indicative of immunotherapy efficacy, patients were categorized into two groups according to their clinical response to immunotherapy, the responder group (R group) and the non‐responder group (NR group). Progression‐free survival (PFS) between these subgroups was analyzed using Kaplan–Meier survival analysis with the log‐rank test. Additionally, we performed univariate and multivariate analyses to evaluate prognostic factors. Finally, we carried out non‐targeted metabolomics to examine the metabolic effects associated with the identified microbiome.

Results

Our 16S rDNA sequencing results showed that the abundance of Lachnoclostridium was higher in the NR group than in the R group (p = 0.003), and alpha diversity analysis showed that the abundance of microbiota in the NR group was higher than that in the R group (p = 0.050). Patients with a lower abundance of Lachnoclostridium had better PFS (p = 0.048). Univariate (p = 0.017) and multivariate analysis (p = 0.040) showed that Lachnoclostridium was a predictor of PFS. Non‐targeted metabolomics analysis revealed that Lachnoclostridium affects the efficacy of immunotherapy through the usnic acid.

Conclusions

High abundance of Lachnoclostridium predicts poor prognosis in patients with NPC receiving immunotherapy.
Effective process quality control management for constipation prevention in hospitalized patients with acute coronary syndrome: An observational study
Authors: Miao Xing , Zheng Yan , Huang Xiufang , Jiang Hui
Published: August 2024

Objective

To evaluate the effectiveness of monitoring and managing process quality control indicators in the prevention of constipation among hospitalized patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS).

Methods

A total of 512 hospitalized patients diagnosed with ACS between January and June 2022 were screened for inclusion in the study. Ultimately, 456 eligible participants were enrolled and divided into two groups based on the chronological order of admission: the control group and the observation group. Upon admission, both groups of patients received routine constipation prevention measures in the department. However, the observation group was subjected to targeted process quality control management, which included monitoring and managing five indicators related to constipation prevention: correctness of bowel movement recording; usage rate of laxatives; execution rate of physical interventions; implementation rate of constipation prevention education; completion rate of dietary structure and habit assessments. Data were analyzed using SPSS, with t tests and χ2 tests for group comparisons.

Results

In comparison to the control group, the observation group demonstrated significant advantages in terms of constipation incidence, completion rates of the five process quality control indicators, occurrence rates of adverse cardiac events during defecation, and PHQ‐9 scores before discharge. These disparities demonstrated statistical significance with a p value < 0.05.

Conclusion

Target‐oriented process quality control management is shown to be effective in reducing constipation incidence and adverse cardiac events during constipation episodes, as well as alleviating depressive symptoms among ACS patients, thus providing a safe and effective approach to constipation prevention.
Primary squamous cell carcinoma of the kidney with hepatic invasion
Authors: Takanashi Masato , Asaoka Miho , Imano Masashi , Fujioka Azumi , Oishi Yuka , Matsuda Goro , Chiba Sawako , Hirai Kotaro
Published: August 2024

Introduction

Primary squamous cell carcinoma of the kidney is rare, with only a few cases reported to date.

Case presentation

A right renal mass was detected in a 73‐year‐old asymptomatic man. Dynamic contrast‐enhanced computed tomography showed a hypodensity mass extending from the upper pole of the kidney to the right lobe of the liver. Renal biopsy revealed that this tumor was squamous cell carcinoma. One month later, computed tomography showed rapid tumor growth. Radical nephrectomy and partial hepatic resection were performed. Pathological analysis indicated that this tumor originated from the tubular epithelium, and the patient was diagnosed with primary squamous cell carcinoma of the kidney.

Following up without adjuvant therapy, he developed retroperitoneal recurrence and multiple lung metastases and expired.

Conclusion

In this case, squamous cell carcinoma of the kidney invaded the liver and progressed rapidly. Considering these observations, surgical resection should be promptly performed in suspected cases.
CD38/cADPR‐mediated calcium signaling in a human myometrial smooth muscle cell line, PHM1
Authors: Dogan Soner , Walseth Timothy F. , Guvenc Tuna Bilge , Uçar Eda , Kannan Mathur S. , Deshpande Deepak A.
Published: August 2024

Cyclic ADP‐ribose (cADPR) has emerged as a calcium‐regulating second messenger in smooth muscle cells. CD38 protein possesses ADP‐ribosyl cyclase and cADPR hydrolase activities and mediates cADPR synthesis and degradation. We have previously shown that CD38 expression is regulated by estrogen and progesterone in the myometrium. Considering hormonal regulation in gestation, the objective of the present study was to determine the role of CD38/cADPR signaling in the regulation of intracellular calcium upon contractile agonist stimulation using immortalized pregnant human myometrial (PHM1) cells. Western blot, immunofluorescence, and biochemical studies confirmed CD38 expression and the presence of ADP‐ribosyl cyclase (2.6 ± 0.1 pmol/mg) and cADPR hydrolase (26.8 ± 6.8 nmoles/mg/h) activities on the PHM1 cell membrane. Oxytocin, PGF2α, and ET‐1 elicited [Ca2+]i responses, and 8‐Br‐cADPR, a cADPR antagonist significantly attenuated agonist‐induced [Ca2+]i responses between 20% and 46% in average. The findings suggest that uterine contractile agonists mediate their effects in part through CD38/cADPR signaling to increase [Ca2+]i and presumably uterine contraction. As studies in humans are limited by the availability of myometrium from healthy donors, PHM1 cells form an in vitro model to study human myometrium.
Validation of ablation site classification accuracy and trends in the prediction of potential reconnection sites for atrial fibrillation using the CARTONET® R12.1 model
Authors: Sasaki Wataru , Tanaka Naomichi , Matsumoto Kazuhisa , Kawano Daisuke , Narita Masataka , Naganuma Tsukasa , Tsutsui Kenta , Mori Hitoshi , Ikeda Yoshifumi , Arai Takahide , Matsumoto Kazuo , Kato Ritsushi
Published: August 2024

Background

CARTONET® enables automatic ablation site classification and reconnection site prediction using machine learning. However, the accuracy of the site classification model and trends of the site prediction model for potential reconnection sites are uncertain.

Methods

We studied a total of 396 cases. About 313 patients underwent pulmonary vein isolation (PVI), including a cavotricuspid isthmus (CTI) ablation (PVI group) and 83 underwent PVI and additional ablation (i.e., box isolation) (PVI+ group). We investigated the sensitivity and positive predictive value (PPV) for automatic site classification in the total cohort and compared these metrics for PV lesions versus non‐PV lesions. The distribution of potential reconnection sites and confidence level for each site was also investigated.

Results

A total of 29,422 points were analyzed (PV lesions [n = 22 418], non‐PV lesions [n = 7004]). The sensitivity and PPV of the total cohort were 71.4% and 84.6%, respectively. The sensitivity and PPV of PV lesions were significantly higher than those of non‐PV lesions (PV lesions vs. non‐PV lesions, %; sensitivity, 75.3 vs. 67.5, p < .05; PPV, 91.2 vs. 67.9, p < .05). CTI and superior vena cava could not be recognized or analyzed. In the potential reconnection prediction model, the incidence of potential reconnections was highest in the posterior, while the confidence was the highest in the roof.

Conclusion

The automatic site classification of the CARTONET®R12.1 model demonstrates relatively high accuracy in pulmonary veins excluding the carina. The prediction of potential reconnection sites feature tends to anticipate areas with poor catheter stability as reconnection sites.
Raman Spectroscopy Against Harmful Nitrogen‐Based Compounds in Cultural Heritage Materials
Authors: Huidobro Jennifer , Arana Gorka , Madariaga Juan Manuel
Published: August 2024

Nitrogen‐based compounds are widespread in the environment due to various sources of natural and anthropogenic origin that introduce them from the most reducing form (the acidic ammonium cation) to the most oxidized (the nitrate anion). In addition, some environmental conditions, such as pH and redox potential, favor secondary reactions of nitrogenous compounds. An example of this is the harmful effect of nitrates on cultural heritage (CH), which poses a threat to its preservation. This is due to their high solubility and mobility, which allow them to penetrate the structure of the materials. As a result of their crystallization/dissolution and hydration/dehydration cycles, the precipitation of nitrate salts in the pores causes internal fractures, leading to the subsequent deterioration and loss of the material. The detection of these salts is a straightforward process in analytical chemistry, but it is imperative to use nondestructive and noninvasive analytical techniques, such as Raman spectroscopy, because of the need to preserve CH. In this work, we have compiled the sources and pathways that contribute to the formation of nitrogen‐based compounds, especially nitrate salts in various CH components. Finally, the Raman spectrum characteristic of the nitrate family has also been explained, including the most damaging nitrates found in CH, such as niter, nitratine, nitrocalcite, nitromagnesite, nitrobarite, and nitrammite, and has been compiled. In addition, less common nitrates, some nitrites, and other ammonium compounds have been included in this database.
Scoping review search practices in the social sciences: A scoping review
Authors: Logan Judith , Webb Jenaya , Singh Nalini K. , Tanner Nailisa , Barrett Kathryn , Wall Margaret , Walsh Benjamin , Ayala Ana Patricia
Published: August 2024

A thorough literature search is a key feature of scoping reviews. We investigated the search practices used by social science researchers as reported in their scoping reviews. We collected scoping reviews published between 2015 and 2021 from Social Science Citation Index. In the 2484 included studies, we observed a 58% average annual increase in published reviews, primarily from clinical and applied social science disciplines. Bibliographic databases comprised most of the information sources in the primary search strategy (n = 9565, 75%), although reporting practices varied. Most scoping reviews (n = 1805, 73%) included at least one supplementary search strategy. A minority of studies (n = 713, 29%) acknowledged an LIS professional and few listed one as a co‐author (n = 194, 8%). We conclude that to improve reporting and strengthen the impact of the scoping review method in the social sciences, researchers should consider (1) adhering to PRISMA‐S reporting guidelines, (2) employing more supplementary search strategies, and (3) collaborating with LIS professionals.
Cultural Tourism and Governance in Peripheral Regions
Authors: Harfst Jörn , Syrbe Ralf‐Uwe , Kern Carmen , Wirth Peter , Sandriester Jasmin , Pstrocka‐Rak Malgorzata , Dolzblasz Sylwia
Published: August 2024

Peripheral regions are seen in the literature as disadvantaged in various dimensions, struggling to valorise their existing (cultural) assets. Networking is often considered an integral part in unlocking these assets, an approach also fostered by different regional policies. In this article, we analyse governance arrangements around tourism assets in three central European regions. The comparison provides an important input to existing discussions on cultural tourism, regional development and governance in peripheral places. The analysis shows that formal governance structures in the case study regions are often well developed but that policy‐making capacities are limited by a low stakeholder base.
What I was thinking/what I would do differently: Technology‐enabled traumatic stress support
Authors: Marx Brian P. , Rothbaum Barabara O. , Vermetten Eric
Published: August 2024

At the 39th meeting of the International Society of Traumatic Stress Studies, three leading researchers and clinicians in technology‐enabled traumatic stress support were invited to reflect on their careers and contributions to the field. Dr. Brian P. Marx has led the development of large‐scale technologies to screen, assess, and treat traumatic stress pathology across diverse etiologies and needs. Dr. Barbara O. Rothbaum, a pioneer in the development of virtual reality for exposure therapy, has demonstrated the efficacy and scalability of digital treatment for traumatic stress. Retired Col. Dr. Eric Vermetten has worked extensively on the intersection of basic mechanisms, novel psychological and biological treatment, and technology for scalable assessment and treatment, primarily in military and mass casualty contexts. The panelists were asked to reflect on their initial ambitions, concerns, unexpected challenges, and the influence of their work on new research trajectories. Their insights provide valuable lessons about the process and content of their work, and their pioneering efforts have significantly advanced the field of technology‐enabled traumatic stress support.
Virtual reality for improvement of patient experience during endovenous laser ablation for venous insufficiency
Authors: Taylor Mitchell A. , Plampton Katherine , High Robin , Wysong Ashley , Sutton Adam
Published: August 2024

Background

Chronic venous insufficiency is a commonly underdiagnosed, highly prevalent disease that causes significant patient morbidity.

Objectives

The aim of this study is to assess the utility of virtual reality (VR) during outpatient endovenous laser ablation procedures with the goal of reducing patient‐reported anxiety or pain. The authors also sought to examine the effects on patient‐reported overall satisfaction.

Methods

Patients completed a two‐part survey interrupted by an immersive VR experience. Differences in the pre‐ and post‐VR surveys were compared using a chi‐square test. The pain scores were compared using a t‐test.

Results

The pre‐VR mean Beck Anxiety Inventory score was 1.41, decreasing post‐VR to 1.33 (a reduction of 0.08; p < 0.001). There were statistically significant differences for 3 questions including 'Are you currently feeling fear of the worst happening' (p = 0.04), 'Are you currently feeling nervous' (p < 0.001), and 'Are you currently feeling scared' (p = 0.04).

Conclusions

Overall, our study demonstrates that a VR experience during endovenous laser ablations significantly improved measures of anxiety and patient satisfaction.
Age‐related Variation in Sleep‐dependent Obstruction in Surgically Naive Children
Authors: McArdle Erica , Dewey John , Cui Ruifeng , Hunt Connor , Kais Amani , Jaffal Hussein
Published: August 2024

Objective

Little is known about age‐related variations in sites and grade of sleep‐dependent airway obstruction in children with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) or obstructive sleep‐disordered breathing (oSDB). The objective was to compare sites and grade of obstruction on drug‐induced sleep endoscopy (DISE) across different age groups of surgically naïve children with OSA or oSDB.

Methods

A retrospective chart review was performed for surgically naïve children aged 0–18 years with OSA/oSDB who underwent DISE from July 2021 to August 2023. Participants were categorized into: infants (aged 0–1 years), younger toddlers (aged 1–2 years), older toddlers (aged 2–3 years), preschool (aged 3–5 years), younger school‐aged (aged 5–10 years), and older school‐aged (aged 10–18 years). On DISE, obstruction was rated 0 = none/mild, 1 = moderate, 2 = severe for inferior turbinates, adenoid, velum, palatine tonsils/lateral pharyngeal wall, lingual tonsils, tongue base, epiglottis, and supra‐arytenoid tissue. A series of multiple regression analyses were used to identify age differences in the grade of obstruction across all sites combined and at each individual site separately.

Results

The sample consisted of 252 children aged 1 month to 17 years with 57.9% males. Older patients had greater total obstruction scores (B = 0.42, SE = 0.10, p < 0.01) and greater number of sites that were severely obstructed (B = 0.11, SE = 0.05, p = 0.03). Older age groups had more obstruction at inferior turbinates (p = 0.02), adenoid (p < 0.01), palatine tonsils/lateral pharyngeal wall (p < 0.01), lingual tonsil (p < 0.01), and base of tongue (p < 0.01). Younger age groups had more obstruction at the supra‐arytenoid tissue (p < 0.01).

Conclusion

Varying patterns of sleep‐dependent airway obstruction should be expected across different age groups in children with OSA or oSDB.

Level of Evidence

3 Laryngoscope, 2024
Subtotal Middle Turbinate Resection in Patients with Chronic Rhinosinusitis with Nasal Polyps is Unlikely to Cause Empty Nose Syndrome: A Multi‐Institutional Prospective Study
Authors: Eide Jacob G. , Kuan Edward C. , Adappa Nithin D. , Chang Jeremy , Cho Do‐Yeon , Garg Rohit , Govindaraj Satish , Grayson Jessica , Im Eunice , Keschner David , Kohanski Michael , Locke Tran , Palmer James N. , Welch Kevin C. , Woodworth Bradford A. , Yoo Frederick , Craig John R.
Published: August 2024

Background

Empty nose syndrome (ENS) is a poorly understood, debilitating condition affecting a minority of patients who underwent nasal airway surgery, most commonly following inferior turbinate surgery. Few publications have demonstrated middle turbinate resection (MTR) causing ENS, but MTR is still considered a potential cause of ENS. The Empty Nose Syndrome 6‐item Questionnaire (ENS6Q) is validated for ENS diagnosis, with ENS6Q ≥ 11 considered highly suggestive of ENS. The purpose of this multicenter study was to determine the incidence of patients with ENS6Q ≥ 11 following subtotal MTR during endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) for chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) by comparing preoperative and postoperative ENS6Q scores.

Methods

A multi‐institutional prospective cohort study (8 US institutions) was conducted on patients who underwent bilateral subtotal MTR during ESS for CRSwNP. Preoperative and postoperative ENS6Q scores were compared after at least 12 months of postoperative follow‐up.

Results

Of 110 patients, mean age was 51.6 years and 59.1% were male. Mean follow‐up was 14.5 ± 2.5 months (range 12.1–22.3 months). Mean preoperative and postoperative ENS6Q were 7.7 and 2.2, respectively, demonstrating a mean 5.5 point decrease postoperatively (p < 0.0001). At final follow‐up, no patient had an ENS6Q ≥ 11. Of note, 20% of patients had preoperative ENS6Q scores ≥11, but all decreased to <11 postoperatively.

Conclusions

Based on prospective multicenter data over 1–2 years postoperatively, subtotal MTR for CRSwNP never led to ENS6Q scores ≥11, and patients experienced significant decreases in ENS6Q postoperatively. Subtotal MTR during ESS for CRSwNP was, therefore, unlikely to cause ENS even with long‐term follow‐up.

Level of Evidence

4 Laryngoscope, 2024
Multi‐decadal changes in vegetation and land use inferred from different data sources: Two case studies at the regional scale in the Slovenian karst
Authors: Ravbar Nataša , Barborič Blaž , Kovačič Gregor
Published: August 2024

Few studies have used aerial imagery or various statistical records to analyse temporal land use and vegetation dynamics over large areas. This study presents an innovative approach that merges national‐scale data to provide temporal and spatial digital information on land use and vegetation cover change at high resolution. The work includes 326 historical aerial photographs from 1957 and 1980, derived digital terrain models, digital orthophotos (from 1994 to 1997), current land use (available from 2006), and forestry databases. Using two case studies in Slovenia, a detailed procedure for data preparation, processing (including orthorectification, on‐screen digitisation, visual photointerpretation), and result generation is presented. The used multiple sources showed great potential for the acquisition, mapping and quantifying selected land use categories. The study provided very important material for land use change assessment and implementation of the national documentary heritage. Although the processing methods were time‐consuming, they proved to be very suitable for delineating polygons of change with a spatial resolution of at least 1 m. The results show that the forest in the Rižana catchment has increased by 30 percentage points in the last 60 years and that in the Unica catchment 2/3 of the forest was damaged by large‐scale disturbances in 2014–2018.
Premises for locating industrial and warehouse sites – Evidence from the backyard of Europe's Green Lungs
Authors: Dudzińska Małgorzata , Prus Barbara , Bacior Stanisław
Published: August 2024

Warehouse and industrial sites (W&Is) have been extensively developed in the urbanised areas, especially with regional trade gateways. However, recent years have shown that warehouse areas are also being developed in less invested spaces, including regions with little industrial development and focused on preserving natural assets. W&Is consume large shares of land, attract high volumes of truck movement and greatly affect the environment. The aim of this research is to analyse spatial changes in the distribution of W&Is in the north‐eastern part of Poland, called Europe's green lungs, with particular emphasis on changes in land use mix, road accessibility, the size of neighbouring cities and existing W&Is. The share of the W&Is in the built‐up areas of the Warmian‐Masurian region is for the present 7.14%. The largest W&Is are concentrated in the western part of the region. In the period from 2014 to 2022, this area increased by 311.77 ha. Both the government and the public must work together to facilitate effective regulation of warehousing externalities and equitable distribution of associated environmental influences.
Substrate availability may limit the response of tropical bacterioplankton biomass to warming
Authors: Morán Xosé Anxelu G. , Calleja Maria Ll. , Baltar Federico , Silva Luis , Ansari Mohd Ikram , de Albornoz Paloma Carrillo , Duarte Carlos M. , Lønborg Christian
Published: August 2024

The response of heterotrophic bacterioplankton to the addition of macrophytic dissolved organic matter (DOM) and temperature was investigated in the Red Sea. We added 40 μmol C L−1 of leachates obtained from seagrass and mangrove leaves to natural bacterial communities, incubated them at three temperatures (25.5°C found in situ plus 3°C below and above that value) and monitored the microbial and biogeochemical responses over 4 d. Seagrass and mangrove DOM, important allochthonous sources in tropical oligotrophic regions, had distinct chemical characteristics compared to unamended seawater, with mangrove substrates containing comparatively more nitrogen and protein‐like fluorescent DOM than seagrass. Specific growth rates (μ) increased twofold in the seagrass and mangrove treatments (1.0 and 0.8 d−1, respectively) relative to the seawater control (0.4 d−1). The biomass of heterotrophic bacteria generally reflected μ changes, reaching maximum values of 16.8 and 17.3 μg C L−1 in the seagrass and mangrove treatments, respectively, compared to just 2.6 μg C L−1 in seawater. The increase in μ values due to experimental warming followed the metabolic theory of ecology, mostly because of enhanced exoenzymatic activity, while cell size decreased as predicted by the temperature–size rule (mean −3% per °C increase). Although the labile nature of the specific seagrass and mangrove DOM leachates was clearly demonstrated, we conclude that tropical heterotrophic bacteria may have limited capability to increase their biomass as a consequence of future warming, even in the presence of high loadings of macrophytic DOM.
The Directional Design of the Quasi‐Phase‐Matching Short‐Wave Ultraviolet Nonlinear Optical Crystal
Authors: Sha Hongyuan , Yang Dongling , Shang Yanran , Wang Zujian , Su Rongbing , He Chao , Su Bin , Yang Xiaoming , Long Xifa , Pan Shilie
Published: August 2024

Since the study of short‐wave ultraviolet nonlinear optical crystals based on the quasi‐phase‐matching principle will effectively expand the development field of nonlinear optical materials, it is urgent to achieve their directional design. Here, it is proposed and implemented on account of the hexagonal wurtzite structure. Thus, the LiRbSeO4 crystal is obtained with [SeO4] groups as the main tetrahedra and [LiO4] as the separation. It exhibits a wide transparency window (0.22–5.57 µm) and an excellent nonlinear optical effect (≈1.7 × KH2PO4), which originates from the synergy of distorted tetrahedral groups and their uniform arrangement. More importantly, the LiRbSeO4 crystal is confirmed to be a ferroelectric with a typical polarization‐electric field hysteresis loop (a coercive field of 27.71 kV cm−1, a remanent polarization of 8.60 µC cm−2 at 373 K). Its ferroelectricity is further identified by the domain engineering studies, involving piezoelectricity and the chirality. Besides, ferroelectricity is attributed to the ordered arrangement of tetrahedra with the polarization reversal involving atomic displacements. Therefore, the LiRbSeO4 crystal is a promising short‐wave ultraviolet nonlinear optical candidate based on the quasi‐phase‐matching principle. This work also provides a new horizon for the design of nonlinear optical crystals.
RE‐ORIENTING LEADERSHIP COACHING FOR SUSTAINABLE EFFECTIVENESS
Authors: Renshaw Phil , Robinson Jenny
Published: August 2024

The authors note that their “personal experience, client conversations, and research has led us to identify and highlight two critical issues where we see organizations consistently making serious errors that hold back the development of their leaders, waste money, and restrict the potential for longer term and sustainable effectiveness.” They note that organizations spend a considerable amount of money on outside coaching, yet this may not always be beneficial or cost‐effective for those organizations: “The first step,” they write, “is to understand when “a coach” can and can’t help. The second is to understand the difference between “a coach” (in other words a professional coach, or someone following such an approach) and leaders‐who‐coach. As a result, organizations can make the most of their coaching dollars, and their people.” They further clarify that “to determine when to use a professional coach, we use a simple question to address whether such coaching is a worthwhile endeavor: Does the executive need to develop and challenge themselves or do they need tools to function within their organization?” They conclude that solutions involve “creating leaders‐who‐coach who, as a result, will gradually enable a change in the underlying systemic issues.”
Characterization and Properties of Polylactic Acid/Cottonseed Protein Bioplastics
Authors: Jiang Yanli , Yan Peng , Mai Lingwei , Liu Hai , Liu Xiaobo , Yang Chufen , Peng Jinping , Yue Hangbo
Published: August 2024

In this study, polylactic acid (PLA) is compounded with cottonseed protein concentrate (CPC) by melt blending under the compatibilization of maleic anhydride (MA), and then hot‐pressed to prepare PLA/CPC composite bioplastics. The attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared (ATR‐FTIR) spectroscopy showed that high temperature and compatibilizer induced the protein secondary structure to transition. CPC can be used as a heterogeneous PLA nucleating agent, effectively accelerating PLA crystallization, which is characterized by polarization optical microscopy (POM), synchrotron radiation wide‐angle X‐ray scattering (WAXS) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The highest crystallinity of the PLA/CPC10 composite is 8.9% higher than that of neat PLA. The unfolding of the protein secondary structure is likely to promote an orderly arrangement of PLA crystals, showing strong binding forces between them. Moreover, the CPC/PLA interfacial compatibility is improved by the addition of a small amount of maleic anhydride. The increased crystallinity and interfacial compatibility contribute to the improved mechanical properties, water resistance, and thermal stability of the bioplastics. Environmentally friendly plastic handicrafts (e.g., commemorative emblems, flower pots, ornaments, etc.) can be fabricated using these biocomposites for future value‐added applications.
Temperature‐Responsive Anisotropic Bilayer Hydrogel Actuators with Adaptive Shape Transformation for Enhanced Actuation and Smart Sensor Applications
Authors: Kalulu Mulenga , Mwanza Christopher , Munyati Onesmus , Hu Jun , Ogungbesan Shephrah O. , Fu Guodong
Published: August 2024

Anisotropic bilayer hydrogel actuators are high‐performance materials engineered to exhibit unique and programmable mechanical properties, including varying stiffness and directional bending capabilities, by integrating two hydrogel layers with distinct responses to stimuli. However, programming and constructing these bilayer hydrogels remains challenging due to their lack of mechanical robustness, rapid responsiveness, and dual‐actuation capabilities, which hinder their practical applications and further development. Hence, developing a double‐actuating bilayer hydrogel with a temperature‐responsive and auxiliary layer could address these challenges. Herein, an anisotropic hydrogel actuator is developed using a simple and economical casting method, in which a unique multiasymmetric bilayer structure locked by an interfacial is fabricated. The as‐prepared hydrogels demonstrate exceptional temperature‐responsive bending abilities, achieving a 360 °C angle in just 8 s, and exhibit adaptive, complex shape transformation capabilities tailored to specific needs (e.g., two dimensional (2D) letters, leaves, flower, and butterfly hydrogel). Furthermore, the hydrogels possess excellent shape memory, mechanical strength, and conductivity. Additionally, gripper and humidity alarm prototypes made from the hydrogel are also successfully developed, illustrating that this approach opens new avenues for designing and producing smart hydrogels with practical applications in sensors, smart humidity alarms, and on‐demand smart grippers and actuators.