bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Species-specific in situ hybridization confirms arrested development of Henneguya ictaluri in hybrid catfish (Channel Catfish × Blue Catfish) under experimental conditions, with notes on mixed-species infections in clinical cases of proliferative gill disease from Mississippi catfish aquaculture
Authors: Stilwell Justin M. , Camus Alvin C. , Woodyard Ethan T. , Ware Cynthia , Rosser Thomas G. , Gunn Mackenzie A. , López-Porras Adrián , Khoo Lester H. , Wise David J. , Griffin Matt J.
Published: November 2023

Objective

Proliferative gill disease (PGD) in Channel Catfish Ictalurus punctatus and hybrid catfish (Channel Catfish × Blue Catfish I. furcatus) is attributed to the myxozoan Henneguya ictaluri. Despite evidence of decreased H. ictaluri transmission and impaired parasite development in hybrid catfish, PGD still occurs in hybrid production systems. Previous metagenomic assessments of clinical PGD cases revealed numerous myxozoans within affected gill tissues in addition to H. ictaluri. The objective of this study was to investigate the development and pathologic contributions of H. ictaluri and other myxozoans in naturally and experimentally induced PGD.

Methods

Henneguya species-specific in situ hybridization (ISH) assays were developed using RNAscope technology. Natural infections were sourced from diagnostic case submissions in 2019. Experimental challenges involved Channel Catfish and hybrid catfish exposed to pond water from an active PGD outbreak, and the fish were sampled at 1, 7, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, and 20 weeks postchallenge.

Result

Nine unique ISH probes were designed, targeting a diagnostic variable region of the 18S ribosomal RNA gene of select myxozoan taxa identified in clinical PGD cases. Partial validation from pure H. ictaluri, H. adiposa, H. postexilis, and H. exilis infections illustrated species-specific labeling and no cross-reactivity between different myxozoan species or the catfish hosts. After experimental challenge, mature plasmodia of H. ictaluri and H. postexilis formed in Channel Catfish but were not observed in hybrids, suggesting impaired or delayed sporogenesis in the hybridized host. These investigations also confirmed the presence of mixed infections in clinical PGD cases.

Conclusion

Although H. ictaluri appears to be the primary cause of PGD, presporogonic stages of other myxozoans were also present, which may contribute to disease pathology and exacerbate respiratory compromise by further altering normal gill morphology. This work provides molecular confirmation and more resolute developmental timelines of H. ictaluri and H. postexilis in Channel Catfish and supports previous research indicating impaired or precluded H. ictaluri sporogony in hybrid catfish.
The Effects of Systemic Lupus–Related Cognitive Impairments on Activities of Daily Living and Life Role Participation: A Qualitative Framework Study
Authors: Barraclough Michelle , Howe Aaron , Soberanis Ana , Kakvan Mahta , Chattu Vijay , Bani‐Fatemi Ali , Engel Lisa , Vitti Michelle , Nalder Emily , Goverover Yael , Gignac Monique , Bonilla Dennisse , Nielsen Wils , Anderson Nicole , Tartaglia Carmela , Nowrouzi‐Kia Behdin , Touma Zahi
Published: November 2023

Objective

Cognitive impairment (CI) in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) negatively impacts health‐related quality of life leading to activity limitations. This qualitative study aimed to (1) explore the effect of SLE‐related CI on activities of daily living and life role participation and (2) describe factors influencing activity restriction and life role participation.

Methods

Semistructured, in‐depth interviews of lived experience of CI in SLE were conducted with 24 participants with SLE. Sociodemographic and clinical data, and objective and subjective cognitive function, were collected to characterize participants. A qualitative thematic content analysis was undertaken guided by a framework analytical approach.

Results

Participants reported problems in multiple cognitive domains, with multiple perceived causes. CI was felt to impact work, social, domestic, and family life, health, and independence. Five overarching themes were represented in the data: (1) characterization of SLE‐reported CI, (2) perceived cause of CI, (3) perceived impact of CI on activities of daily living and life role participation, (4) adaptations for managing CI, and (5) influence of CI adaptations on activities of daily living and life role participation.

Conclusion

This study provides a better understanding of the patient experience of CI in SLE, how it impacts their lives, and what coping strategies they employ. It highlights the long‐term challenges those with CI in SLE undergo and provides evidence for the urgent need to implement multidisciplinary treatment options. When managing CI, it may be beneficial to evaluate and understand available psychosocial support resources to help identify and reinforce relevant adaptations to improve health‐related quality of life.
Finite‐time optimal control for uncertain strict‐feedback nonlinear systems with input saturation and output constraints
Authors: Xia Xiaonan , Li Chun , Zhang Tianping , Fang Yu
Published: November 2023

In this paper, a finite‐time optimal control (FTOC) strategy is proposed for output constrained uncertain nonlinear systems with input saturation. The controller adopts a feed‐forward and optimal feedback control structure. The second‐order command filter and the auxiliary error compensation system are designed in the feed‐forward controller, which can eliminate the influence of filtering error on system performance while avoiding the singularity problem of finite‐time control. A new critic weight updating law is proposed in the design of the optimal feedback controller, in which a neural network is utilized to approximate the relevant cost function. The control scheme can ensure that all signals in the optimize system are semi‐global practical finite‐time stable (SGPFS), and the cost function is also minimized. The effectiveness of the algorithm is validated through simulation examples.
Mechanical Actuation via Homeomorphic Transformations of Topological Solitons within Polymer Coatings
Authors: Peixoto Jacques , Hall Darian , Broer Dirk J. , Smalyukh Ivan I. , Liu Danqing
Published: November 2023

Topological solitons are currently under investigation for their exotic properties, especially in nonlinear physics, optics, and material sciences. However, challenges of robust generation and limited stability over time have hindered their practical uses. To address this issue, an approach is developed to form structured arrays of solitons in films of polymerizable liquid crystals. Their complex molecular architecture is preserved by in situ photopolymerization forming a stable liquid crystal network. Most excitingly, their properties are advanced to include responsiveness functions. When thermally actuated, these topological solitons mediate the reconfiguration of surface topographies. Complex shape changes occur depending on the intrinsic complex spatial distribution of the director, which may even lead to full shape inversion and topographical changes as high as ≈40% of the initial thickness. Conversely, the shape changes provide information on the initial director profile, which is consistent with the mathematical model. The soliton‐containing polymer coatings are applicable in multiple domains, ranging from tunable optics to haptics, and from shape‐coupled sensing systems to temperature‐coupled heat management.
Pressure‐Regulated Nanoconfined Channels for Highly Effective Mechanical–Electrical Conversion in Proton Battery‐Type Self‐Powered Pressure Sensor
Authors: Zhang Qixiang , Lei Dandan , Shi Junjie , Ren Ziqi , Yin Jianyu , Jia Peixue , Lu Wenzhong , Gao Yihua , Liu Nishuang
Published: November 2023

Battery‐sensing‐based all‐in‐one pressure sensors are generally successfully constructed by mimicking the information transfer of living organisms and the sensing behavior of human skin, possessing features such as low energy consumption and detection of low/high‐frequency mechanical signals. To design high‐performance all‐in‐one pressure sensors, a deeper understanding of the intrinsic mechanisms of such sensors is required. Here, a mechanical–electrical conversion mechanism based on pressure‐modulated nanoconfined channels is proposed. Then, the mechanism of ion accelerated transport in graphene oxide (GO) nanoconfined channels under pressure is revealed by density functional theory (DFT) calculation. Based on this mechanism, a proton battery‐type self‐powered pressure sensor MoO3/GO[CNF/Ca]/activated carbon (AC) is designed with an open‐circuit voltage stabilization of 0.648 V, an ultrafast response/recovery time of 86.0 ms/93.0 ms, pressure detection ranges of up to 60.0 kPa, and excellent static/dynamic pressure response. In addition, the one‐piece device design enables self‐supply, miniaturization, and charge/discharge reuse, showing application potential in wearable electronics, health monitoring, and other fields.
Sn‐Doped Cs3Cu2I5 Microcrystals with High Photoluminescence and Hydrochromic Stability for Anti‐Counterfeiting and Encryption Applications
Authors: Dong Gaolei , Li Weichen , Zhang Lu , Cai Weixiong , Yang Bobo , Hu Rongrong , Zhou Qianqian , Mei Shiliang , Zou Jun
Published: November 2023

Cu‐based perovskites have excellent optical properties, environmental friendliness, and broad optical applications. However, their development is hindered by complex preparation methods and poor hydrochromic stability. In this work, a solvent‐evaporation‐based crystallization strategy combined with Sn doping for the preparation of Cs3Cu2I5 microcrystals (MCs) is reported. This strategy enhances the photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) and hydrochromic reliability. In addition, first‐principles calculations reveal the effect of Sn doping on the lattice structure and exciton–phonon coupling of the Cs3Cu2I5 MCs. The results show that Sn doping reduces the lattice spacing as a result of the substitution radius difference between Cu+ and Sn2+ ions, which causes stronger exciton–phonon coupling and enhances the PLQY. Moreover, the Sn‐doped Cs3Cu2I5 MCs show excellent reliability on heating and under hydrochromic cycles and long‐term luminescence conditions. Based on their hydrochromic and temperature‐responsive properties, the Sn‐doped Cs3Cu2I5 MCs are applied as encryptable printing materials for information encryption and decryption and as a fluorescence‐based temperature sensor, combined with Machine‐Learning to guide the manufacturing of fluorescent thermometers. The findings provide insights into the commercial value of copper‐based perovskites and demonstrate their potential anti‐counterfeiting, fluorescence temperature sensing applications.
Chiral Cylindrical Molecule with Absorption Dissymmetry Factor towards Theoretical Limit of 2
Authors: He Tengfei , Lin Menglu , Wang Hebin , Zhang Yunxin , Chen Hongbin , Sun Chun‐Lin , Sun Zhe , Wang Xiao‐Ye , Zhang Hao‐Li , Chen Yongsheng , Long Guankui
Published: November 2023

Chiral molecules play important roles in advanced materials and technologies owing to their unique chiroptical properties. How to design and construct the best chiral molecules with intrinsically strong chiroptical properties is still a great challenge since there is an intrinsic contradiction between the large absorption dissymmetry factor and oscillator strength. In this work, through a systematic theoretical investigation, it is found that chiral cylindrical molecules could overcome this problem through accumulating the electric and magnetic transition dipole moment along the cylindrical axis direction while canceling them in other directions. Among all the investigated structures, (M)‐[8]CC2,8 is found to exhibit the best chiroptical properties with gabs of 0.71 and oscillator strength of 0.032. To the best of our knowledge, this is the best chiral molecule with both large dissymmetry factor and oscillator strength. Further increasing the repeating units, the gabs can even reach the theoretical limit of 2 for (M)‐[28]CC2,8, together with a large oscillator strength of 0.134. The result offers the exciting opportunities for designing and synthesizing chiral materials with truly large intrinsically chiroptical properties toward real applications in chiroptoelectronic and chiro‐spintronic devices.
Branched‐Chain Amino Acid Accumulation Fuels the Senescence‐Associated Secretory Phenotype
Authors: Liang Yaosi , Pan Christopher , Yin Tao , Wang Lu , Gao Xia , Wang Ergang , Quang Holly , Huang De , Tan Lianmei , Xiang Kun , Wang Yu , Alexander Peter B. , Li Qi‐Jing , Yao Tso‐Pang , Zhang Zhao , Wang Xiao‐Fan
Published: November 2023

The essential branched‐chain amino acids (BCAAs) leucine, isoleucine, and valine play critical roles in protein synthesis and energy metabolism. Despite their widespread use as nutritional supplements, BCAAs’ full effects on mammalian physiology remain uncertain due to the complexities of BCAA metabolic regulation. Here a novel mechanism linking intrinsic alterations in BCAA metabolism is identified to cellular senescence and the senescence‐associated secretory phenotype (SASP), both of which contribute to organismal aging and inflammation‐related diseases. Altered BCAA metabolism driving the SASP is mediated by robust activation of the BCAA transporters Solute Carrier Family 6 Members 14 and 15 as well as downregulation of the catabolic enzyme BCAA transaminase 1 during onset of cellular senescence, leading to highly elevated intracellular BCAA levels in senescent cells. This, in turn, activates the mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) to establish the full SASP program. TransgenicDrosophilamodels further indicate that orthologous BCAA regulators are involved in the induction of cellular senescence and age‐related phenotypes in flies, suggesting evolutionary conservation of this metabolic pathway during aging. Finally, experimentally blocking BCAA accumulation attenuates the inflammatory response in a mouse senescence model, highlighting the therapeutic potential of modulating BCAA metabolism for the treatment of age‐related and inflammatory diseases.
Unraveling the Mechanism of Cooperative Redox Chemistry in High‐Efficient Zn2+ Storage of Vanadium Oxide Cathode
Authors: Zhou Lijun , Li Ping , Zeng Chenghui , Yi Ang , Xie Jinhao , Wang Fuxin , Zheng Dezhou , Liu Qi , Lu Xihong
Published: November 2023

The inferior capacity and cyclic durability of V2O5 caused by inadequate active sites and sluggish kinetics are the main problems to encumber the widespread industrial applications of vanadium‐zinc batteries (VZBs). Herein, a cooperative redox chemistry (CRC) as “electron carrier” is proposed to facilitate the electron‐transfer by capturing/providing electrons for the redox of V2O5. The increased oxygen vacancies in V2O5 provoked in situ by CRC offers numerous Zn2+ storage sites and ion‐diffusion paths and reduces the electrostatic interactions between vanadium‐based cathode and intercalated Zn2+, which enhance Zn2+ storage capability and structural stability. The feasibility of this strategy is fully verified by some CRCs. Noticeably, VZB with [Fe(CN)6]3−/[Fe(CN)6]4− as CRC displays conspicuous specific capacity (433.3 mAh g−1), ≈100% coulombic efficiency and superb cyclability (≈3500 cycles without capacity attenuation). Also, the mechanism and selection criteria of CRC are specifically unraveled in this work, which provides insightful perspectives for the development of high‐efficiency energy‐storage devices.
Cobalt‐Based Metallic Glass Microfibers for Flexible Electromagnetic Shielding and Soft Magnetic Properties
Authors: Sharifikolouei Elham , Kozieł Tomasz , Bała Piotr , Żywczak Antoni , Gondek Łukasz , Rashidi Reza , Fracasso Michela , Gerbaldo Roberto , Ghigo Gianluca , Gozzelino Laura , Torsello Daniele
Published: November 2023

Thin and flexible materials that can provide efficient electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding are urgently needed, particularly those that can be rapidly processed and withstand harsh environments. Cobalt‐based metallic glasses stand out as prime candidates due to their excellent soft magnetic properties, satisfactory shielding features, and mechanical properties. Herein, a recently developed technique is used to fabricate metallic glass microfibers from Co66Fe4Mo2Si16B12 alloy. The produced microfibers are characterized for their size and uniformity by scanning electron microscopy and their amorphous structure is confirmed by X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The cobalt‐based metallic glass microfibers show an EMI shielding factor that reaches five in the static regime and obtains an up to 25‐fold increase of the attenuation constant in the Ku frequency band. This performance originates from the combination of soft magnetic properties and excellent electrical conductivity. In addition, the flexible microfibers exhibit excellent hardness and elasticity making them suitable for EMI shielding of complex geometries. Their hardness and elastic modulus are measured by nanoindentation to be 11.31 ± 0.60 GPa, and 110.54 ± 11.24 GPa, respectively.
A Perspective on Cu‐Based Electrocatalysts for Nitrate Reduction for Ammonia Synthesis
Authors: Wei Mian , Li Sijun , Wang Xunlu , Zuo Guifu , Wang Hua , Meng Xianguang , Wang Jiacheng
Published: November 2023

Compared to the Haber–Bosch (H–B) process for ammonia synthesis with massive emission of greenhouse CO2 and necessary harsh reaction conditions, the electrocatalytic NO3− reduction (NO3RR) for ammonia synthesis under ambient temperature and pressure driven by renewable electricity has attracted great attention. NO3RR is also a promising route to construct nitrogen cycles utilizing NOx produced from industrial and agricultural operations. Cu‐based catalyst is one of the most promising platforms for this reaction. This perspective shows the latest understanding and research advances on the NO3RR by Cu‐based electrocatalysts. Through a deep analysis on the rate‐limiting step of NO3RR, the strategies of overcoming the deactivation and enhancing the performance of Cu‐based catalysts are discussed. The great significance of synergistic NOx and H activation in promoting the key kinetic step of electrocatalytic NO3RR by single‐atom, oxide, bimetallic of Cu on the catalytic reaction site construction with tunable adsorption of N‐containing intermediate and active H is stressed. Also, future challenges and perspectives toward coupling reaction of nitrate reduction catalyzed by Cu‐based catalysts are proposed. This perspective can move forward the future research on electrocatalytic NO3RR to ammonia synthesis over advanced Cu‐based electrocatalysts.
Light‐Driven Amphibious Mini Soft Robot Mimicking the Locomotion Gait of Inchworm and Water Strider
Authors: Zhu Pengfei , Shang Kedong , Huang Yinpeng , Jiang Zhongbao , Zhou Jian , Lu Xulei , Yang Tingting
Published: November 2023

Amphibious robots, which are expected to move agilely in both land and water environments with huge differences in medium density, have always been a hot spot in the field of robotics. However, limited by the simple structure and drive system, the existing mini‐robots have a relatively single‐movement mode, which limits their ability to move in complex environments. This article fuses two different biomimetic morphological features to create an amphibious mini‐robot: mimicking the body shape and gait of a terrestrial inchworm, and mimicking the superhydrophobic leg shape and gait of an aquatic water strider. The light‐driven approach also brings the advantage of remote wireless manipulation. The mass of the robot is only 8 mg, and it has fast land movement speed (≈0.05 times body length s−1), water surface movement speed (≈0.5 times body length s−1), and some obstacle‐crossing ability (over obstacles of ≈64% of the robot's height). Moreover, the robot can quickly switch from land to water locomotion, which is expected to facilitate emerging applications in various industrial and biomedical settings.
Liquid Metal Nanocores Initiated Construction of Smart DNA‐Polymer Microgels with Programmable and Regulable Functions and Near‐Infrared Light‐Driven Locomotion
Authors: Zhang Yaxing , Wang Chunyan , Yin Mengyuan , Liang Hanxue , Gao Qi , Hu Shanjin , Guo Weiwei
Published: November 2023

Due to their sequence‐directed functions and excellent biocompatibility, smart DNA microgels have attracted considerable research interest, and the combination of DNA microgels with functional nanostructures can further expand their applications in biosensing and biomedicine. Gallium‐based liquid metals (LMs) exhibiting both fluidic and metallic properties hold great promise for the development of smart soft materials; in particular, LM particles upon sonication can mediate radical‐initiated polymerization reactions, thus allowing the combination of LMs and polymeric matrix to construct “soft–soft” materials. Herein, by forming active surfaces under sonication, LM nanoparticles (LM NPs) initiated localized radical polymerization reactions allow the combination of functional DNA units and different polymeric backbones to yield multifunctional core/shell microgels. The localized polymerization reaction allows fine control of the microgel compositions, and smart DNA microgels with tunable catalytic activities can be constructed. Moreover, due to the excellent photothermal effect of LM NPs, the resulting temperature gradient between microgels and surrounding solution upon NIR light irradiation can drive the oriented locomotion of the microgels, and remote control of the activity of these smart microgels can be achieved. These microgels may hold promise for various applications, such as the development of in vivo and in vitro biosensing and drug delivery systems.
Angstrom‐Scale Electrochemistry at Electrodes with Dimensions Commensurable and Smaller than Individual Reacting Species
Authors: Zhou Lijun , Yang Chongyang , Yang Xiaohui , Zhang Jie , Wang Cong , Wang Wei , Li Mengyan , Lu Xiangchao , Li Ke , Yang Huiping , Zhou Han , Chen Jiajia , Zhan Dongping , Fal'ko Vladimir I. , Cheng Jun , Tian Zhongqun , Geim Andre K. , Cao Yang , Hu Sheng
Published: November 2023

In nature and technologies, many chemical reactions occur at interfaces with dimensions approaching that of a single reacting species in nano‐ and angstrom‐scale. Mechanisms governing reactions at this ultimately small spatial regime remain poorly explored because of challenges to controllably fabricate required devices and assess their performance in experiment. Here we report how efficiency of electrochemical reactions evolves for electrodes that range from just one atom in thickness to sizes comparable with and exceeding hydration diameters of reactant species. The electrodes are made by encapsulating graphene and its multilayers within insulating crystals so that only graphene edges remain exposed and partake in reactions. We find that limiting current densities characterizing electrochemical reactions exhibit a pronounced size effect if reactant's hydration diameter becomes commensurable with electrodes’ thickness. An unexpected blockade effect is further revealed from electrodes smaller than reactants, where incoming reactants are blocked by those adsorbed temporarily at the atomically narrow interfaces. The demonstrated angstrom‐scale electrochemistry offers a venue for studies of interfacial behaviors at the true molecular scale.
Reconstitution of the Final Steps in the Biosynthesis of Valanimycin Reveals the Origin of Its Characteristic Azoxy Moiety
Authors: Zheng Ziyang , Xiong Jin , Bu Junling , Ren Daan , Lee Yu‐Hsuan , Yeh Yu‐Cheng , Lin Chia‐I , Parry Ronald , Guo Yisong , Liu Hung‐wen
Published: November 2023

Valanimycin is an azoxy‐containing natural product isolated from the fermentation broth of Streptomyces viridifaciens MG456‐hF10. While the biosynthesis of valanimycin has been partially characterized, how the azoxy group is constructed remains obscure. Herein, the membrane protein VlmO and the putative hydrazine synthetase ForJ from the formycin biosynthetic pathway are demonstrated to catalyze N−N bond formation converting O‐(l‐seryl)‐isobutyl hydroxylamine into N‐(isobutylamino)‐l‐serine. Subsequent installation of the azoxy group is shown to be catalyzed by the non‐heme diiron enzyme VlmB in a reaction in which the N−N single bond in the VlmO/ForJ product is oxidized by four electrons to yield the azoxy group. The catalytic cycle of VlmB appears to begin with a resting μ‐oxo diferric complex in VlmB, as supported by Mössbauer spectroscopy. This study also identifies N‐(isobutylamino)‐d‐serine as an alternative substrate for VlmB leading to two azoxy regioisomers. The reactions catalyzed by the kinase VlmJ and the lyase VlmK during the final steps of valanimycin biosynthesis are established as well. The biosynthesis of valanimycin was thus fully reconstituted in vitro using the enzymes VlmO/ForJ, VlmB, VlmJ and VlmK. Importantly, the VlmB‐catalyzed reaction represents the first example of enzyme‐catalyzed azoxy formation and is expected to proceed by an atypical mechanism.
Excitation Wavelength‐Dependent Fluorescence of a Lanthanide Organic Metal Halide Cluster for Anti‐Counterfeiting Applications
Authors: Zhao Hongyuan , Wang Qiujie , Wen Ziying , Sun Haibo , Ji Sujun , Meng Xuan , Zhang Ruiling , Jiang Junke , Tang Zhe , Liu Feng
Published: November 2023

The achievement of significant photoluminescence (PL) in lanthanide ions (Ln3+) has primarily relied on host sensitization, where energy is transferred from the excited host material to the Ln3+ ions. However, this luminous mechanism involves only one optical antenna, namely the host material, which limits the accessibility of excitation wavelength‐dependent (Ex‐De) PL. Consequently, the wider application of Ln3+ ions in light‐emitting devices is hindered. In this study, we present an organic–inorganic compound, (DMA)4LnCl7 (DMA+=[CH3NH2CH3]+, Ln3+=Ce3+, Tb3+), which serves as an independent host lattice material for efficient Ex‐De emission by doping it with trivalent antimony (Sb3+). The pristine (DMA)4LnCl7 compounds exhibit high luminescence, maintaining the characteristic sharp emission bands of Ln3+ and demonstrating a high PL quantum yield of 90–100 %. Upon Sb3+ doping, the compound exhibits noticeable Ex‐De emission with switchable colors. Through a detailed spectral study, we observe that the prominent energy transfer process observed in traditional host‐sensitized systems is absent in these materials. Instead, they exhibit two independent emission centers from Ln3+ and Sb3+, each displaying distinct features in luminous color and radiative lifetime. These findings open up new possibilities for designing Ex‐De emitters based on Ln3+ ions.
Chemical enrichment of conjugated linoleic acid in cottonseed oil using ruthenium nanoparticle immobilized on chemically modified multiwalled carbon nanotube as heterogeneous nanocatalyst
Authors: Cheng Weiwei , Yu Bokai , Zheng Yadan , Yang Peng , Ke Zhigang , Zhou Xuxia , Guo Zheng , Xu Xuebing , Ding Yuting , Liu Shulai
Published: November 2023

Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) has a variety of health‐promoting biological activities, and thus has a great potential as dietary supplement in functional foods. In our work, the effects of surface modifications of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) support on the catalytic efficiency and selectivity of supported Ru catalysts for linoleic acid (LA) to CLA, as well as their influence mechanisms were well investigated. The results showed that the CLA yields for Ru/MWCNTs‐OH (36.45%) and Ru/MWCNTs‐COOH (31.06%) were significantly higher than that for Ru/MWCNTs (23.94%). This indicated that hydroxylated and carboxylated surface modification of MWCNTs could improve the catalytic activity of Ru. The CLA selectivity of Ru/MWCNTs‐N‐Doped and Ru/MWCNTs‐NH2 were up to 96.06% and 88.26%, respectively, and was also proved to be temperature and time dependent. TEM analysis indicated Ru nanoparticles were evenly attached on the surface of mMWCNTs but have little agglomeration on MWCNTs, and their particle sizes are negatively related to the catalytic efficiency. Further catalyst characterization by XPS demonstrated that high CLA selectivity of Ru/MWCNTs‐N‐Doped and Ru/MWCNTs‐NH2 were attributed to the high Ru (IV) content on the surface of supports. Thus, the mMWCNTs were proved to be the excellent support of Ru catalyst for high isomerization selectivity towards CLA formation.
Effects often overlooked in lipid oxidation in oil‐in‐water emulsions: Agitation conditions and headspace‐to‐emulsion ratio
Authors: Cengiz Alime , Hennebelle Marie , Berton‐Carabin Claire , Schroën Karin
Published: November 2023

The effects of the agitation conditions and headspace‐to‐emulsion volume ratio on lipid oxidation in emulsions can be considerable, but have not been systematically investigated yet. In the current paper, lipid oxidation was monitored in model oil‐in‐water (O/W) emulsions at pH 4.0 and 25°C in the presence of 200 μM iron sulfate. The formation of primary (conjugated dienes and hydroperoxides) and secondary (p‐anisidine value and TBARS) oxidation products confirmed that using rotating or shaking devices doubled the rate of oxidation product formation compared to a non‐agitated system, as a result of enhanced oxygen transfer. Furthermore, we found that a higher headspace‐to‐emulsion volume ratio at least doubled the rate of lipid oxidation due to a higher amount of oxygen available per mass of oil, which is in agreement with the kinetics of the reaction. This indicates that the variation in literature data on lipid oxidation in emulsions can be attributed to differences in mixing conditions and volume ratios. These factors are crucial and should be reported systematically along with the agitation conditions, and sampling method. This will enable a better comparison of literature information.
Epigenetic regulation of craniofacial development and disease
Authors: Shull Lomeli C. , Artinger Kristin B.
Published: November 2023

Background

The formation of the craniofacial complex relies on proper neural crest development. The gene regulatory networks (GRNs) and signaling pathways orchestrating this process have been extensively studied. These GRNs and signaling cascades are tightly regulated as alterations to any stage of neural crest development can lead to common congenital birth defects, including multiple syndromes affecting facial morphology as well as nonsyndromic facial defects, such as cleft lip with or without cleft palate. Epigenetic factors add a hierarchy to the regulation of transcriptional networks and influence the spatiotemporal activation or repression of specific gene regulatory cascades; however less is known about their exact mechanisms in controlling precise gene regulation.

Aims

In this review, we discuss the role of epigenetic factors during neural crest development, specifically during craniofacial development and how compromised activities of these regulators contribute to congenital defects that affect the craniofacial complex.
The role of social capital, resilience, and network complexity in attaining supply chain sustainability
Authors: Chowdhury Md Maruf Hossan , Islam Mohammad Tarikul , Ali Imran , Quaddus Mohammed
Published: November 2023

Supply chain social capitals argued to be the driver for attaining sustainability along the supply chain. However, the role of network complexity and supply chain resilience to transform supply chain social capitals into sustainability remains poorly understood. We draw from social capital theory to argue that supply chain resilience is the mechanism to curb negative effects of network complexity to transform supply chain social capital into supply chain sustainability. Hypotheses were tested employing structural equation modeling technique on a sample (n = 274) of Bangladeshi apparel suppliers, and supplemented by the fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis to identify all plausible underlying causal configurations. Our results suggest that supply chain social capitals positively influence supply chain sustainability both directly and indirectly via supply chain resilience. Contrary to our hypothesis, we found that network complexity in the presence of supply chain resilience positively influences social capitals to bolster supply chain sustainability. Findings of this research imply that supply chain resilience is a crucial conduit that facilitates leveraging supply chain social capitals as well as withstanding challenges that emerge from network complexity to embolden supply chain sustainability. Findings of this research provide novel insights to existing literature by exploring the complex dynamisms and reaffirming the interrelationships among the four vital constructs of supply chain literature. Our finding can help supply chain managers to improve resilience and sustainability.
Musculus pterygoideus proprius: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Mandal Gaurav , Montalbano Michael , Natsis Konstantinos , Piagkou Maria , Tubbs R. Shane , Loukas Marios
Published: November 2023

The pterygoideus proprius muscle can be found incidentally in the infratemporal fossa, where it is spatially associated with the muscles of mastication, the maxillary artery, and the trigeminal nerve and its branches. Anatomists have described the muscle in various ways over the past 160 years, chiefly as a musculotendinous structure that originates from the infratemporal crest of the sphenoid bone and inserts into the lateral pterygoid plate and the lateral pterygoid muscle. It is present in non‐human primates, albeit rarely, with similar anatomical findings. Embryologically, the pterygoideus proprius is thought to have developed from the first pharyngeal arch mesenchyme along with other muscles of mastication. Its close association with the maxillary artery and trigeminal nerve suggests possible clinical significance in trigeminal neuralgia and temporomandibular joint disorders. The literature was reviewed systematically to detail the historical background of research on the pterygoideus proprius muscle and explain its morphology, prevalence, embryology, and potential clinical significance. Despite its rarity, we propose that it is important to recognize its presence when the infratemporal fossa is approached.
Cost‐effectiveness analysis of tumor‐infiltrating lymphocytes biomarkers guiding chemotherapy de‐escalation in early triple‐negative breast cancer
Authors: Li Shiqi , Liu Yuhan , Zhang Peigen , Wang Mengmeng , Sun Lihua
Published: November 2023

Background

To accelerate the clinical translation of tumor‐infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) biomarkers for guiding chemotherapy de‐escalation in early‐stage triple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC), cost‐effectiveness evidence is essential but has not been investigated. We intend to evaluate the cost‐effectiveness of using TILs to guiding chemotherapy de‐escalation in patients with early‐stage TNBC from the perspective of the Chinese health service system.

Methods

The hybrid decision‐tree‐Markov model was designed to compare the cost‐effectiveness of cytotoxic chemotherapy guided by whether TILs assay was performed in 50‐year‐old female patients with early‐stage TNBC over a lifetime horizon. In Strategy (1), if TILs testing was performed, patients with TILs values exceeding 30% could be spared from chemotherapy. In Strategy (2), where no TILs testing was performed, all patients were administered chemotherapy following China's clinical practices. Based on the algorithm built by Guyot, the individual patient data were reconstructed from the published Kaplan–Meier curves, and the survival functions were calculated by parametric methods. Cost estimates were valued in Chinese yuan (as per rates in 2022).

Results

In 50‐year‐old female patients with early‐stage TNBC, Strategy (1), which employs TILs testing to guide cytotoxic chemotherapy yielded an additional 0.47 quality‐adjusted life years (QALYs) and saved 40,976 yuan, with an incremental cost‐effectiveness ratio (ICER) of −87,182.98 yuan per QALY gained compared with Strategy (2). This indicates that compared with Strategy (2), Strategy (1) is the dominant scheme. The results were sensitive to utility parameters, discount rates, and treatment costs after relapse. At a willingness‐to‐pay threshold of 85,700 yuan (based on GDP per capita) per QALY, the probability of TILs being cost‐effective was almost 100%.

Conclusions

The application of biomarkers (TILs) to guide decisions for chemotherapy de‐escalation is a cost‐effective strategy for early‐stage TNBC patients and deserves to be widely promoted in clinical practice.
Region of origin and cervical cancer stage in multiethnic Hispanic/Latinx patients living in the United States
Authors: Dinicu Andreea Ioana , Dioun Shayan , Goldberg Mandy , Crookes Danielle M. , Wang Yongzhe , Tergas Ana I.
Published: November 2023

Background

Hispanic/Latinx people have the second highest cervical cancer incidence rates in the U.S. However, there is a lack of disaggregated data on clinical outcomes for this diverse and populous group, which is critical to direct resources and funding where they are most needed. This study assessed differences in stage at diagnosis of cervical cancer among Hispanic/Latinx subpopulations and associated factors.

Methods

We analyzed patients with primary cervical cancer from 2004 to 2019 in the National Cancer Database. Hispanic/Latinx patients were further categorized into Mexican, Puerto Rican (PR), Cuban, Dominican, and Central/South American, as per standard NCDB categories, and evaluated based on stage at diagnosis and sociodemographic characteristics. Multinomial logistic regression quantified the odds of advanced stage at presentation. Regression models were adjusted for age, education, neighborhood income, insurance status, and additional factors.

Results

Hispanic/Latinx cervical cancer patients were more likely to be uninsured (18.9% vs. 6.0%, p < 0.001) and more likely to live in low‐income neighborhoods (28.6% vs. 16.9%, p < 0.001) when compared to non‐Hispanic White populations. Uninsured Hispanic/Latinx patients had 37.0% higher odds of presenting with regional versus localized disease (OR 1.37; 95% CI, 1.19–1.58) and 47.0% higher odds of presenting with distant versus. Localized disease than insured patients (OR 1.47; 95% CI, 1.33–1.62). When adjusting for age, education, neighborhood income, and insurance status, PR patients were 48% more likely than Mexican patients to present with stage IV versus stage I disease (OR 1.48; 95% CI, 1.34–1.64).

Conclusion

Disaggregating health data revealed differences in stage at cervical cancer presentation among Hispanic/Latinx subpopulations, with insurance status as a major predictor. Further work targeting structural factors, such as insurance status, within specific Hispanic/Latinx subpopulations is needed.
In‐Silico Selection of Wound‐Healing Plant Secondary Molecules and Their Pro‐Healing Activities on Experimental Models
Authors: Casadiego Omar , Macias Oscar , García Laura , Sanabria‐Chanaga Elkin , Baay‐Guzmán Guillermina J. , Mantilla Julio Cesar , Escobar Patricia
Published: November 2023

This study explored the potential of plant‐derived molecules (PDMs) as a medicinal treatment for skin wounds. To assess their healing properties, 34 potential drug molecules (PDMs) and ten therapeutic targets were subjected to molecular docking and dynamics analysis, with allantoin used as a standard compound. Although aristolochic acid had the most potent inhibitory effect, its toxicity made it unsuitable for testing on cells and mice. Therefore, β‐caryophyllene (BC) and caryophyllene oxide (BCoxide) were chosen for further testing. The results showed that BC‐treated HaCat cells had significantly improved scratch area closure, and both BC and BCoxide treatment produced positive effects such as reduced dermal cellularity and mast cells, decreased levels of inflammation markers IL‐6 and TNF‐α, and an increase in collagen deposition in mice tissues. However, these treatments did not accelerate wound healing. This study suggests that the PDMs selected based on in‐silico results have significant potential for pro‐healing abilities. It is essential to conduct further research to confirm our findings.
Cistadesertosides B−E, Four New Diastereomeric Lignan Glycosides from the Stems of Cultural Cistanche deserticola in Tarim Desert
Authors: Nan Ze‐Dong , Zhu Yi‐Dong , Deng Chao‐Fan , Yang Jing‐Lin , Ma Xiao‐Li , Jiang Zhi‐Bo , Jiang Yong , Tu Pengfei
Published: November 2023

Four previously undescribed diastereomeric lignan glycosides, namely cistadesertosides B−E (1–4) were isolated from the stems of cultural Cistanche deserticola in Tarim desert. The structures of these compounds were elucidated on the basis of extensive spectroscopic analyses, including IR, HR‐ESI‐MS, 1D and 2D NMR, circular dichroism (CD) data and chemical degradation. The in vitro anti‐inflammatory activity of the isolates was also investigated. It showed that compounds 3 and 4 exhibited potential effects with IC50 values of 21.17 μM and 26.97 μM, respectively (positive control quercetin, IC50, 10.01 μM).
Integrated Electrochemical and Optical Biosensing in Organs‐on‐Chip
Authors: Tawade Pratik , Mastrangeli Massimo
Published: November 2023

Demand for biocompatible, non‐invasive, and continuous real‐time monitoring of organs‐on‐chip has driven the development of a variety of novel sensors. However, highest accuracy and sensitivity can arguably be achieved by integrated biosensing, which enables in situ monitoring of the in vitro microenvironment and dynamic responses of tissues and miniature organs recapitulated in organs‐on‐chip. This paper reviews integrated electrical, electrochemical, and optical sensing methods within organ‐on‐chip devices and platforms. By affording precise detection of analytes and biochemical reactions, these methods expand and advance the monitoring capabilities and reproducibility of organ‐on‐chip technology. The integration of these sensing techniques allows a deeper understanding of organ functions, and paves the way for important applications such as drug testing, disease modeling, and personalized medicine. By consolidating recent advancements and highlighting challenges in the field, this review aims to foster further research and innovation in the integration of biosensing in organs‐on‐chip.
Differences in clinicopathological characteristics between lipohypertrophy and localized insulin‐derived amyloidosis: A scoping review
Authors: Mukai Kanae , Tanno Hiromasa , Sugama Junko , Yanagita Toshihiko , Kanno Emi
Published: November 2023

Insulin is used as a therapeutic agent in patients with diabetes, and cutaneous lipohypertrophy (LH) and localized insulin‐derived amyloidosis (LIDA) are well‐known adverse effects associated with insulin injections. The clinical implications, management, assessment methods, and pathological differentiation of LH and LIDA have been recently updated. This review was to update our knowledge of the pathological differentiation, effects of insulin absorption, hypoglycemic events, and recent assessment methods for LH and LIDA. A scoping review was performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews guidelines. Original studies and case reports in English were also included. PubMed and Scopus databases were searched for keywords to identify papers published up to January 2022. A total of 113 studies were identified through a database search, and 31 were eligible for inclusion in this scoping review. In the 31 studies included in this review, patients with type 2 diabetes had high frequencies of LH and LIDA. LH outcome parameters were assessed using pathological findings and imaging. LIDA is mainly determined by pathological methods, such as hematoxylin and eosin and Congo red staining. Several in vitro and in vivo LIDA models of LIDA have been developed. These results suggest that pathological analysis is required to identify LH and LIDA. It is important to consider LIDA, as it likely influences insulin adsorption and glycemic control. Although several studies have evaluated the LIDA process, little is known about the mechanisms underlying the development of adverse effects associated with insulin injections.
Bidentate Ligand Driven Intramolecularly Te…O Bonded Organotellurium Cations from Synthesis, Stability to Catalysis
Authors: Jain Saket , Satpute Saurabh Sandip , Jha Raushan Kumar , Patel Mili Sanjeev , Kumar Sangit
Published: November 2023

A new series of unsymmetrical phenyl tellurides derived from 2‐N‐(quinolin‐8‐yl) benzamide ligand has been synthesized in a practical manner by the copper‐catalyzed method by using diaryl ditelluride and Mg as a reductant at room temperature. In order to augment the Lewis acidity of these newly formed unsymmetrical monotellurides, these have been transformed into corresponding unsymmetrical 2‐N‐(quinolin‐8‐yl)benzamide tellurium cations. Subsequently, these Lewis acidic tellurium cations were used as chalcogen bonding catalysts, enabling the synthesis of various substituted 1,2‐dihydroquinolines by activating ketones with anilines under mild conditions. Moreover, the synthesized 2‐N‐(quinolin‐8‐yl)benzamide phenyl tellurium cation has also catalyzed the formation of β‐amino alcohols in high regioselectivity by effectively activating epoxides at room temperature. Mechanistic insight by 1H and 19F NMR study, electrostatic surface potential (ESP map), control reaction in which tellurium cation reacted explosively with epoxide, suggested that the enhanced Lewis acidity of tellurium center seems responsible for efficient catalytic activities under mild conditions enabling β‐amino alcohols with excellent regioselectivity and 1,2‐dihydroquinolines with trifluoromethyl, nitro, and pyridylsubstitution, which were difficult to access.
Size Determination of Organic Cages by Diffusion NMR Spectroscopy
Authors: Ivanova Svetlana , Adamski Paul , Köster Eva , Schramm Louis , Fröhlich Rebecca , Beuerle Florian
Published: November 2023

Reliable structure elucidation of covalent organic cage compounds remains challenging as routine analysis might leave ambiguities. Diffusion‐ordered NMR spectroscopy (DOSY) allows insight into the molecular size and mass of the species present in solution, but a systematic evaluation of the diffusion behavior for cage assemblies is rarely considered. Here we report the synthesis of four series of covalent organic cages based on tribenzotriquinacenes and diboronic acids with varying geometry and exohedral substituents. We provide a guideline for the consistent measurement of diffusion coefficients from 1H‐DOSY NMR spectroscopy, which was utilized to study the diffusion behavior for the whole set of cages and selected examples from the literature. For structurally similar cages, a linear correlation between the solvodynamic volume and the molecular mass allows precise size determination. For more complex systems, multiple parameters, such as window size or rigid exohedral functionalization. further modulate cage diffusion in solution.
Electronic Modulation in Homonuclear Dual‐Atomic Catalysts for Enhanced CO2 Electroreduction
Authors: Shi Wen‐Jie , Wang Yu‐Chen , Tao Wei‐Xue , Zhong Di‐Chang , Lu Tong‐Bu
Published: November 2023

Homonuclear dual‐atomic catalysts showcase unique electronic modulation due to their dual metal centres, providing new direction in development of efficient catalysts for CO2 electroreduction. This article highlights a few cutting‐edge homonuclear dual‐atomic catalysts, focusing on their inherent advantages in efficient and selective CO2 electroreduction, to spotlight the potential application of dual‐atomic catalysts in CO2 electroreduction.