bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
What Happens is Unimaginable! About the „Yellow Vests“
Authors:   University Paris-Sorbonne, Raulet Gérard ,   Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg i.Br,   Fondation Maison des sciences de l’homme
Published: June 2021

The French ‘yellow vests’ movement is anything but an episodic protest movement. It questions both the liberal and the republican conception of political representation. The reason for this radicalism is that it shakes the foundations of a neo-capitalist order, for which shortterm financial sales have become more important than the long-term maintenance of the system itself. From the financial crisis of 2008, neoliberalism only seems to have learned that,despite everything, the model on which it is based holds up. This creates a profound crisis of legitimacy that reveals a break in political culture that no policy of consensus or even recognition can remedy. This essay examines the theoretical approaches that can take this phenomenon into account.
Their Hegemony—and Theirs
Authors: Cloud Dana L.
Published: June 2021

This essay explores the concept of hegemony as it is differently elaborated by Perry Anderson and Peter Thomas. I first provide an orientation to Gramsci's theory of hegemony and how it has been taken up in cultural and rhetorical studies. Then I explore Anderson's interventions into hegemony theory in the earlier Antinomies of Antonio Gramsci before a substantial review of The H-Word. I then discuss Peter Thomas's critique of Anderson's orientation to the hegemonic constructs of the ruling classes of nation-states and conclude with a discussion about how the concept of hegemony elaborated by these authors might productively extend the work we do as scholars of rhetoric.
Sjukdom och lidande och den kristna berättelsen
Authors: Andersson Greger
Published: June 2021

Illness and Suffering in the Christian Narrative How do Christians, who try to understand their lives according to the Christian narrative, cope with illness and suffering? This issue is the main concern of this article. Its point of departure is the assumption that the concept of “narrative” expressed in the idea that Christian faith is a narrative, might be taken to refer to a worldview, to a larger narrative (ie salvation history) or to the fact that Christians, in a process of hindsight, interpret their lives narratively. Based on talks with students and a process at Örebro Theological Seminary (ÖTH), in which we have been discussing the subject of illness and healing, I argue that some Christians are rethinking their understanding of illness and suffering. Since these Christians often have a high view of the Bible, it is important to examine how these issues are handled in scripture, and how biblical texts have been used traditionally. These Christians also refer to their experiences and to common apprehensions of illness and suffering in society. I propose that the Christians I refer to tend to avoid religious causal or teleological explanations of illness and suffering. They even seem to prefer not to involve God in these issues at all. This could be taken as a token of secularisation, but I argue that this is not the only possible explanation. I suggest instead that it can be linked to a reconsideration of basic tenets of these Christians’ theology and I make the claim that this reconsideration occurred during the process at Örebro Theological Seminary I have referred to above. The narrative reinterpretation of illness and suffering in the personal lives of these Christians is thus closely linked to a reinterpretation of the Christian worldview and salvation history.
Homenaje a Roque Dalton en el LXXXV aniversario de su nacimiento y XLV aniversario de su asesinato
Authors: González Huguet Carmen
Published: June 2021

Arturo Araujo, presidente de El Salvador, fue derrocado por un golpe militar el 2 de diciembre de 1931. A raíz de este hecho, subió al poder el vicepresidente, Maximiliano Hernández Martínez (1882-1966), quien gobernó defacto de 1931 a 1944. Las inhumanas condiciones de vida de los campesinos, en su mayoría indígenas sin tierras, facilitaron que se hicieran eco de las ideas propagadas por los miembros del Partido Comunista Salvadoreño. Sin embargo, hasta dónde dicho “indoctrinamiento” fue real, y hasta dónde fue producto de la imaginación de los dirigentes de esta agrupación, o amplificado adrede por los simpatizantes de la derecha o de la izquierda deseosos, cada uno, de llevar agua a su molino, sigue siendo motivo de especulación.
El Salvador: Sobre la desigualdad, el COVID-19 y el crecimiento
Authors: González Mauricio
Published: June 2021

Aquí se considera i) la relevancia de la desigualdad que surja de la aplicación de una estrategia de crecimiento en El Salvador, y ii) la manera en que se puede integrar el shock del COVID-19 a una estrategia de crecimiento propuesta. Se presenta una conceptualización del crecimiento inclusivo y se distingue entre crecimiento propobre absoluto y relativo, y se presenta la curva de Kuznets relativa al nexo desigualdad/ crecimiento. Se menciona la evidencia internacional y se destaca el caso de China, en el que la desigualdad no es cuestionada en el proceso de crecimiento. En relación con el COVID-19, se mencionan sus probables impactos económicos, se contrastan las respuestas fiscales de los países del centro y la periferia, y se destaca el escaso espacio de política que cabe al país, así como la complicación que reviste la dolarización, en el contexto de la Teoría Monetaria Moderna. Entre los resultados se encuentra que i) la pauta de la desigualdad no es importante en el corto plazo en el crecimiento de El Salvador; ii) los impactos del COVID-19 revertirán significativamente los avances en pobreza y desigualdad; iii) las necesidades de recursos son cuantiosas y empeoran una posición fiscal que ya era delicada; y iv) ante la posibilidad de malestar por la manera en que se distribuyen los recursos entre familias, empresas y bancos para la reestructuración económica, se recomienda la elaboración de planes desarrollados por expertos que gocen de consenso.
La escritura y la literatura como elementos de la formación docente continua en Educación Artística
Authors: Zetino Mario
Published: June 2021

El artículo relata una investigación-acción sobre formación docente continua en educación artística. El trabajo tiene por objetivo apoyar el desarrollo de capacidades y de la competencia didáctica para la enseñanza aprendizaje de la educación artística con enfoque contemporáneo, utilizando herramientas y prácticas de escritura y de lectura. El estudio se desarrolló por medio de un módulo de formación docente continua, que forma parte de una investigación más amplia, validado con la planta docente de una escuela rural del departamento de La Libertad. Se utilizó como herramienta potenciadora de los aprendizajes la Vivencia, un recurso metodológico de educación biocéntrica. Los resultados son: una consolidación de la comunidad de trabajo de las docentes, unm conocimiento vivencial de las docentes participantes sobre la escritura y la poesía,un reencuentro con la lectura por placer, una experiencia de planificación por competencias para la asignatura de Educación Artística y una propuesta validada de módulo de formación continua en Educación Artística. Se concluye que una experiencia de la escritura y la lectura por experimentación o por placer, rompe la percepción de estas actividades como obligación escolar o laboral e incide positivamente en la práctica docente en general, al generar estados de bienestar personal. Sin embargo, la instalación de estas prácticas en docentes en servicio requiere procesos de acompañamiento, y está influida incluso por factores estructurales del sistema educativo y la realidad social. Además, se comprueba la necesidad de atender la dimensión afectiva del grupo en la formación docente para crear un clima de aprendizaje adecuado, y se comprueba la efectividad de la Vivencia como herramienta metodológica para potenciar experiencias de enseñanza aprendizaje en educación artística y educación literaria.
Elementos conceptuales para la construcción histórica de una localidad
Authors: Escalante Turcios Pablo José
Published: June 2021

El presente trabajo tiene por objetivo revisar los elementos conceptuales que sustenten la construcción histórica de una localidad; mediante las teorías relacionadas a la microhistoria y redes sociales. En la metodología se procedió a la consulta del repositorio del Consejo Nacional de Universidades, referida a libros, tesis doctorales y artículos vinculados al objeto de estudio; agotado este recurso se procedió a la indagación en Google académico. Para cada tópico se exploraron varios títulos, se retomaron las ideas relacionadas a la temática, se hizo análisis de la información; por autor y por conceptos Se seleccionaron las ideas que sirviesen de fundamento al problema de investigación. Se concluye que para la construcción de la historia de una localidad se deben integrar varios componentes del método bibliográfico, tales como: la historia regional y local, memoria histórica, redes sociales, historia de vidas y oral, para el rescate de hechos, acontecimientos y sus significados, de un periodo determinado de una sociedad en un territorio. No solo se trata de los saberes acerca del pasado, sino que también implica la organización de las personas para que desde su individualidad formen parte de un pensamiento colectivo.
Breve revisión conceptual sobre la evaluación de los resultados académicos en el sistema educativo
Authors: Córdoba Peralta Andrea Lucía , Lanuza Saavedra Emilio Martín
Published: June 2021

En el presente artículo de revisión documental, se realizó un estudio teórico de la evaluación en la educación. Las principales fuentes consultadas fueron libros y artículos de revistas. En la evaluación existen diversas definiciones, funciones y prácticas que han generado debates a lo largo de la historia y aún siguen vigentes en los sistemas educativos. En este artículo, se incluyen algunos conceptos de evaluación, características, modalidades y paradigmas. Se plantea la consideración de la elaboración del informe de rendimiento académico como una herramienta de realimentación para el análisis de los aspectos de la actividad educativa que resultaron satisfactorios y es necesario fortalecer y aquellos que serán precisos modificar. Es un intento de ampliar la mirada de la evaluación en el aula, a partir del rendimiento académico, que permita transformar las prácticas evaluativas que implementan los docentes. Para dar continuidad a dichos resultados, no se limita únicamente al proceso de medición con fines de acreditación del semestre académico o promoción del año lectivo. Esto implica, establecer estrategias y acciones de mejora continua en el proceso educativo en beneficio del aprendizaje de los estudiantes, justo a partir del análisis crítico de los resultados académicos.
Eficiencia energética: una tarea para las universidades
Authors: Arróliga Galeano Silvia Elena , Betanco Juan Alberto
Published: June 2021

La implementación de medidas de eficiencia y ahorro energético en edificaciones es fundamental para reducir emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero que tienen impacto en el cambio climático del planeta. En este sentido, las universidades como edificios públicos que usan constantemente la energía, tanto en ocupación, iluminación, climatización y equipos; tienen la responsabilidad de hacer uso eficiente del consumo de ésta. Para medir el comportamiento eficiente, se implementan auditorías energéticas cuyos resultados constituyen bases para la toma de decisiones en la búsqueda por conseguir edificios adecuadamente sostenibles. En este artículo se destaca la eficiencia energética como una tarea que las universidades deben cumplir con responsabilidad. Se abordan conceptos relacionados a la eficiencia energética y se revisan algunos estudios realizados sobre esta temática en universidades de algunos países. La base metodológica de este artículo es la investigación documental bibliográfica y en línea.
Virtual Minimization of Residual Stress and Deflection Error in the Five-Axis Milling of Turbine Blades
Authors: Soori Mohsen , Asmael Mohammed
Published: June 2021

To simulate and analyse the real machined parts in virtual environments, virtual machining systems are applied to the production processes. Due to friction, chip forming, and the heat produced in the cutting zone, parts produced using machining operation have residual stress effects. The machining force and machining temperature can cause the deflection error in the machined turbine blades, which should be minimized to increase the accuracy of machined blades. To minimize the residual stress and deflection error of machined parts, optimized machining parameters can be obtained. In the present research work, the application of a virtual machining system is presented to predict and minimize the residual stress and deflection error in a five-axis milling operations of turbine blades. In order to predict the residual stress and deflection error in machined turbine blades, finite element analysis is implemented. Moreover, to minimize the residual stress and deflection error in machined turbine blades, optimized parameters of machining operations are obtained by using a genetic algorithm. To validate the research work, experimentally determining residual stress by using a X-ray diffraction method from the machined turbine blades is compared with the finite element results obtained from the virtual machining system. Also, in order to obtain the deflection error, the machined blades are measured by using the CMM machines. Thus, the accuracy and reliability of machined turbine blades can be increased by analysing and minimizing the residual stress and deflection error in virtual environments.
Factors affecting the level of professional development among nursing staff after the introduction of an electronic education monitoring system
Authors: Gawlik Marta , Ziółkowski Paweł , Posmyk Urszula , Szwamel Katarzyna
Published: June 2021

Background: Constant improvement of the level of education, occupational independence, and the undertaking of scientific activity, including research and publications, contribute fundamentally to the development of the nursing profession. Ministerial directives for nurses to acquire and increase qualifications gave rise to the emergence of a new job profile in which self-discipline in the scope of scientific activity and personal development is essential.
Aim of the study: The study aimed to assess the factors affecting the level of professional development among nurses after the introduction of the electronic education monitoring system (SMK), including variables hindering the process of increasing respondents’ qualifications.
Material and methods: The research group consisted of 214 nurses who were both licensed to practice and practicing professionally. A diagnostic survey and questionnaire technique were used with the use of the author’s original questionnaire.
Results: Nurses actively undertake postgraduate education, treating it more as a deep inner need and willingness to increase qualifications than a legal obligation. Among various forms of training, the biggest proportion took part in specialist courses – 24.9% (n=53), qualification courses – 23.8% (n=51), and specializations – 17.9% (n=38). Age (p=0.036) and length of professional service (p=0.001) were the most statistically relevant factors motivating the staff to undertake further educational activities.
Conclusions: The factors significantly affecting the level of professional development in nurses are age, system of work, and issues arising while using the SMK. The introduction of training and clear instructions for using the system might contribute to the level of professional development among nurses.
Effect of breast-self examination training on health beliefs and practices: student nurses educating relatives
Authors: Aliye Okgün Alcan , Çetin Serpil , Sezer Hale
Published: June 2021

Purpose: Breast self-examination (BSE) is a critical technique in early detection of breast diseases, especially cancer. This quasi-experimental study was performed to evaluate the effects of BSE training on health beliefs and practices among relatives of nursing students.
Materials and methods: The study sample consisted of 133 relatives of nursing students. After training student nurses about BSE, they were requested to train their relatives regarding BSE. The data were collected before and 6 months after BSE training.
Results: It was determined that 39.1% (n=52) of women performed BSE before the training and 87.2% (n=116) of them after the training and this difference was statistically significant (p=0.0001). Sensitivity perception (Z=-2.915, p=0.004), benefit perception (Z=-4.888, p=0.0001) and confidence perception (Z=-2.503, p=0.012) of women significantly increased and disability perception (Z=-8.576, p=0.0001) decreased significantly after the training.
Conclusions: In conclusion, the BSE training given by nursing students to their relatives enhanced health beliefs and practices of the participants.
Determination of comfort levels of women with urinary incontinence
Authors: Yücel Çinar Sebnem , Özdemir Handan , Goke Arlsan Gamze , Ergin Eda , Gurcan Seda
Published: June 2021

Purpose: This descriptive study was planned to investigate the comfort levels of women with urinary incontinence.
Materials and methods: The study comprised 219 women with a complaint of urinary incontinence admitted to the outpatient clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology Department of a university hospital between June – December 2015. The Sociodemographic Characteristics Questionnaire, Urinary Incontinence & Frequency Comfort Questionnaire (UIFCQ), and International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire Short Form (ICIQ-SF) were used.
Results: The study results demonstrated that the mean score the participants obtained from the UIFCQ was 4.20 ± 0.74 and that their comfort levels were moderate. Their mean score for the ICIQ-SF was 10.41± 4.98, and urinary incontinence adversely affected their quality of life in 74% of them. While the mean UIFCQ scores were KW = 48.673, p=0.00 for the frequency of urinary incontinence, t=2.33, p=0.02 for receiving treatment, KW = 58.267, p = 0.00 for the amount of urinary leakage, KW=26.37, p=0.00 for the educational attainment, t=7.04, p=0.03 for the number of births, the mean ICIQ-SF scores were KW = 13.74, p =0.00 for the educational attainment and t = 24.02, p=0.00 for the number of births (p <0.05).
Conclusions: It was determined that the comfort level of the participants with urinary incontinence was moderate, that urinary incontinence affected the quality of life and that as their comfort level increased, so did their quality of life.
Ventrogluteal site injections in the emergency department: a comprehensive educational program
Authors: Günay Ismailoğlu Elif
Published: June 2021

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the training provided to emergency nurses regarding applying intramuscular injections into the ventrogluteal site.
Materials and methods: The research was quasi-experimental, performed with a single group and pre-test/post-test sequence. One hundred sixty-one nurses' ventrogluteal site knowledge levels, frequency of using the ventrogluteal site, and the accurate ventrogluteal site detection rates on the model were evaluated three months after baseline and training.
Results: The nurses' mean knowledge scores after training was significantly higher than before training (t=12.323; p=0.001). While using the ventrogluteal site was 37.9%, and the rate of accurate detection of the site on the model was 8.3%, these rates were found to be 54.6% and 48.1%, respectively, after the training.
Conclusion: Although the training increased the knowledge level and accurate detection rates, it did not statistically affect the frequency of use of the site.
Bacteriocins of Lactic Acid Bacteria as Potent Antimicrobial Peptides against Food Pathogens
Authors: Kaur Sidhu Parveen , Nehra Kiran
Published: June 2021

An ever-growing demand for food products with minimal chemical additives has generated a necessity for exploring new alternatives for food preservation. In this context, more recently, bacteriocins, the peptides having antimicrobial property, synthesized ribosomally by numerous bacteria have been attracting a lot of attention. They are known to possess the potential to restrict the growth of microorganisms causing food spoilage without causing any harm to the bacteria themselves owing to the presence of self-defensive proteins. In particular, the bacteriocins of lactic acid bacteria have been considered harmless and safe for consumption and are indicated to evade the development of unwanted bacteria. Use of bacteriocins as biopreservatives has been studied in various food industries, and they have been established to elevate the shelf life of minimally processed food items by exerting killing mechanism. They restrict the growth of undesirable bacteria by breaking the target cell membrane and finally resulting into pore formation. The current article provides an insight on bacteriocins of lactic acid bacteria, their biosynthesis, mechanism of action, and promising applications of these antimicrobial peptides in the food sector.
Caregiver Distress in Cancer
Authors: Arora Anshika
Published: June 2021

Cancer is a chronic disease with associated physical, emotional, social, financial and spiritual problems. The primary caregiver takes care of all these cancer-related issues for the patient. In India, usually a family member or loved one is the caregiver of the patient. The caregivers themselves feel distress and many factors may be associated with their psychological well-being. Pattern of distress may vary according to phases of the disease like at diagnosis, during ongoing oncological treatment, recovery period, remission period, recurrence of cancer, during end of life care and bereavement. Identifying and understanding caregiver distress is the first step. Active listening and good communication is important to unearth the real concerns and fears in order to relieve the distress. This chapter covers components of caregiver distress, assessment, physical, psychosocial and spiritual factors associated with distress and its management. Lastly, some recent literature related to prevalence and factors associated with caregiver distress.
Boundary Element Method for the Mixed BBM-KdV Equation Compared to Non Standard Boundary Conditions
Authors: Abounouh Mostafa , Al-Moatassime Hassan , Kaouri Sabah , Ouakrim Youssef
Published: June 2021

In this chapter, we are interested in the numerical resolution of the mixed BBM-KdV equation defined in unbounded domain. Boundary Element Method (BEM) are introduced to truncate the equation into a considered bounded domain. BEM uses domain decomposition techniques to construct Boundary Condition (BC) as transmission between the bounded domain and its complementary. We then present a suitable approximation of these BC using Discrete Galerkin Method. Numerical simulations are made to show the efficiency of these BC. We also compare with another method that truncates the equation from unbounded to bounded domain, called Non Standard Boundary Conditions (NSBC) which introduces new variables to catch information at the boundary and compose a system to connect all these variables in the bounded domain. Further discussions are made to highlight the advantages of each method as well as the difficulties encountered in the numerical resolution.
Prenatal Screening of Aneuploidies
Authors: Routhu Madhavilatha , Surya Varalakshmi Koneru Shiva
Published: June 2021

Chromosomal abnormalities includes 1) abnormalities in number of chromosomes which are known as aneuploidies and 2) structural defects like translocations and deletions. In this we will discuss about Aneuploidies The incidence of Aneuploidy is around one in 200 live births. Aneuploidy increases with advancing maternal age. Fetal aneuploidy has been associated with significant pregnancy complications such as growth restriction, congenital malformations and perinatal deaths. Several Major developments are happened in prenatal screening of Aneuploidy especially the introduction of first trimester screen with Nuchal thickness and fetal cell free DNA in maternal plasma and identification of ultrasound markers and biochemical screening in second trimester. In this chapter we will discuss about what are trisomies, why “Down syndrome” is important to detect prenatally, history of “Down syndrome”, advances in screening methods biochemical as well as sonographic markers in first and second trimester and the criteria to get those markers. What are the features of trisomy 21, trisomy18 and trisomy13.
Airway Trauma: Assessment and Management
Authors: Mahmoud Hammad Ali Hammad Yasser , A. Shallik Nabil
Published: June 2021

Recognizing airway trauma and safety management is challenging for any anaesthesiologist. Many types of airway injuries require identifying airway anatomy correctly; early assessment and proper management are crucial for saving many lives. Proper management involves the classification of those patients into three categories. Each one has a unique and different control. Knowing your capabilities and skills are very important for safe airway management. It does not matter where you are but skills, knowledge of airway management algorithms and tools you have. After reading this book chapter, the participant will be able to define airway trauma, proper airway risk assessment and safety management.
Management of Pediatric Patients with Spina Bifida
Authors: Richterová Romana , Kolarovszki Branislav , Opšenák René
Published: June 2021

Spina bifida is a neurodevelopmental disorder and belong to most common congenital malformations. It is a neural tube defect that originates within first 28 days after conception. Although survival rate of these patients had changed rapidly within last decades, neural tube defects are still cause of substantial part of children morbidity. Occult type of spina bifida is a simple nonunion of vertebral arch without causing any symptoms. Open defects according to degree of involvement of neural tissue cause symptoms such as paralysis of lower extremities, bladder and bowel morbidity, delay in development of cognitive functions of various severity and other possible complications affecting morbidity of these patients. Early diagnosis and treatment of open spina bifida and accompaying complications is crucial and largely affects the outome. Succesfull treatment requires lifelong cooperation of a whole range of specialists and guiding of treatment by primary care doctor. Survival and quality of life are associated with acces to proper medical and surgical treatment as well as community support systems. This chapter offers overview of this topic with emphasis on general management of patients suffering from this congenital malformation.
Trends in Next Generation Intelligent Transportation Systems
Authors: Chand Jain Prem
Published: June 2021

The objective of Intelligent transportation system (ITS) and related National highway traffic safety administration (NHTSA) is to improve vehicle safety and reduce accidents, injuries, and deaths. Advanced driver assistance system (ADAS) is making a difference in vehicle safety. The objective of ADAS is to provide a continuous picture environment surrounding the vehicle. This vision around the vehicle is seen by the driver to take the decision. Vehicular communication is a part of Intelligent Transport System which provides an intelligent way of transport to avoid accidents. As the transportation moves towards environment of connected and autonomous vehicles, the role of communication and data transfer becomes important. Connected vehicles can be used for both infotainment and navigation for vehicle safety. Vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communication allows vehicles to talk to each other and exchange data about location, direction of travel, speed, brake, accelerator status, and other facts. This information is analyzed and used to avoid collision. C-V2X (Cellular-Vehicle-to-Everything) can provide better quality of service support, large coverage, and high data rate for moving vehicles. Device-to-device (D2D) communication in C-V2X provides high reliability and low latency. In 5G Rel.16 C-V2X will become an integral part of 5G cellular network providing higher capacity, coverage, etc. Today old aged/disabled person look for driving technology that is convenient and easy to use. V2X technology will offset some of the concerns about old aged/disabled driver’s abilities to respond quickly to challenge by driving environment as they no longer be required to handle most of the decisions.
Gene and Cell Therapy in Dental Tissue Regeneration
Authors: Andrés de Pablo Juan , Javier Serrano Luis , García-Arranz Mariano , Romeu Luis , Liras Antonio
Published: June 2021

Advanced therapies hold substantial promise for the treatment of periodontal conditions. Gene therapy has the potential to transfer “therapeutic” genes, which express proteins such as bone morphogenetic proteins, osteoprotegerin, and tissue nonspecific alkaline phosphatase, which is deficient in patients with hypophosphatasia, a condition that affects mineralization of teeth and bone. Transferred genes may also express platelet-derived growth factor, which modulates the growth of periodontal tissue and the alveolar bone. As regards cell therapy, several clinical trials have shown that mesenchymal stem cells, when used with different kinds of scaffolds to enable the required three-dimensional environment, possess a bone regeneration potential that is particularly useful in such disorders as osteoporosis and osteonecrosis, or for regenerating alveolar bone (osseointegration) prior to placing a dental implant. However, much work is still required before these new therapies become true alternatives in routine clinical dental practice. Medical advances require investments, which are usually influenced by the priorities of both politicians and society at large. This will contribute to promoting innovation, efficient treatments, medium- and long-term savings, and a higher quality of life.
Bleeding in Patients with Antiphospholipid Antibodies
Authors: Kubisz Peter , Holly Pavol , Stasko Jan
Published: June 2021

The antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL) are commonly associated with thrombotic events and obstetric complications. However, apart from the bleeding complications of antithrombotic therapy, the acquired coagulopathy caused by the aPL, particularly by lupus anticoagulant and anticardiolipin antibodies, might be occasionally manifested as a hemorrhagic syndrome with various clinical severity. Bleeding symptoms vary from mild (mucocutaneous) up to life-threatening (gastrointestinal, intracranial). The bleeding may be the first manifestation of aPL or appear concomitantly with thrombosis. The underlying hemostatic changes include thrombocytopenia, platelet function disorders, and coagulation factor inhibitors or deficiencies, namely prothrombin, FVII, FVIII, FX, and FXI. Thrombocytopenia is the most common finding, seen in up to 53% of patients with aPL, although it is usually mild to moderate and associated with significant bleeding only in a minority of cases. Of interest, patients with severe thrombocytopenia appear to be less likely to suffer from thrombotic events. The involved pathophysiological mechanisms are heterogeneous. Non-neutralizing antibodies against coagulation factors resulting in increased clearance, specific antibodies against platelet membrane glycoproteins, increasing platelet activation and aggregation with subsequent consumption, and immune-mediated platelet clearance are among those identified. Immunosuppression, preferably with corticosteroids, represents the first-choice therapeutic approach. Plasmapheresis is efficient in the case of catastrophic antiphospholipid syndrome. Antithrombotic therapy can be challenging, but its administration should continue as much as possible.
Herbal Drugs Forensic
Authors: Agrawal Shalvi , Pandey Astha
Published: June 2021

Due to pandemic Covid-19, suddenly the vast population is drawn towards herbal drug treatment in India. In India, Ayurveda is practised to a greater extent as it does not have any side effects or other major effects. They are also added in many nutraceutical products like Chyawanprash, honey, etc. There are a lot of medicinal floras sold in the market in the form of small twigs, pieces of roots, stems or leaves of which decoction is made and consumed. The consumers are unaware of the authenticity of these crude drugs that lead to the deterioration in their health owing to the consumption of inferior quality of products or their substitute or the illicit bioadulterants which look like any other common plant part. The herbal drugs could also be in the form of tablet, powder, etc. which might be adulterated with look-alike plant products. Thus, a new branch of Forensic Science, i.e. Herbal Drugs Forensic which deals with identification of fake herbal product by various techniques which might be chemical or biological in nature has come up. In fact, the analytical methods for the testing of various bioconstituents need to be standardized and validated. Thus to prevent herbal drug fraud, it has become necessary to develop the methods for their detection through an emerging field of Forensic Science, i.e. Herbal Drugs Forensic.
Delineation and Dimension of Deforestation
Authors: Z. Sithole Moses , A. Agholor Isaac
Published: June 2021

Deforestation is induced by human activities, cascading into associated cost and economic benefits. The concepts, dimensions and, deforestation caused by deliberate human activities were extensively examined. The chapter also highlighted the rationale for deforestation, environmental dimension to deforestation and contributions of forestry and forest by products to livelihoods. The segmented cases and experiences to create awareness on the need to discourage deforestation were explored. While recognizing that forest provides useful support for majority of rural dwellers, the justification for forest protection is advocated. Some communities depend on forests for their main livelihood, and use medicinal therapies derived from indigenous plants found in the forest. Forest remains an important pool of biodiversity and deforestation must be avoided. The chapter conclude that awareness of the impact of deforestation by the citizenry should be encouraged and supported by policies.
The Role of Ubiquitous Computing in the Transformation of the Healthcare System
Authors: Lídia Corrêa da Silva Moreira Ana
Published: June 2021

Currently, keeping the financial balance in health services has been a challenge for governments and private companies. Factors such as population aging, medical inflation and the lack of adherence to treatments raise costs and stimulate debates around the world on how to maintain systems’ budget viability. During the last decades, we could observe the phenomenon of computation needing less hardware, becoming more portable and migrating to our offices, pockets, clothing, and finally, to our body, thus allowing us to envision a range of solutions for these problems. The only way for society to offer such quality services and overcome these challenges is through the solutions that the convergence of new technologies brings to us now. The applications of ubiquitous computing have the potential to immensely benefit patients, managers and the society that finances the health system.
Prevention of HIV Perinatal Transmission: The Role of Sexual and Reproductive Health Services for Women Living with HIV
Authors: Gómez-Suárez Marcela
Published: June 2021

With the evolution in prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of HIV/AIDS, ending the infection as a public health threat worldwide has become a real possibility included within the United Nations Sustainable Development Goal Project 2030. However, some countries and even entire regions are not on track to reach this target due to increased new infections in young populations. Young women (15–24 years) represent 48% of the new HIV cases globally. Research shows these women have significant unmet sexual and reproductive health (SRH) needs, with high rates of unplanned pregnancies, increased HIV perinatal transmission (HIV-PT) risk, and higher maternal morbidity and mortality. Granting access to SRH services based on rights for women living with HIV is a cost-effective alternative to reducing new infections in children by promoting respect for women’s reproductive options. This chapter addresses the role of SRH services based on rights for women living with HIV within HIV-PT. It also summarizes the new “Consolidated Guideline on Sexual and Reproductive Health and Rights of Women Living with HIV”; designed by the World Health Organization as a global recommendation for SRH programs and services that promote gender equality and human rights for women living with HIV.
Diabetic Foot Osteomyelitis: Frequent Pathogens and Conservative Antibiotic Therapy
Authors: Vogel Nicolas , Huber Tanja , Uçkay Ilker
Published: June 2021

Chronic diabetic foot osteomyelitis (DFO) is a frequent complication in adult polyneuropathy patients with long-standing diabetes mellitus. Regarding the conservative therapy, there are several crucial steps in adequate diagnosing and approaches. The management should be performed in a multidisciplinary approach following the findings of recent research, general principles of antibiotic therapy for bone; and according to (inter-)national guidance. In this chapter we emphasize the overview on the state-of-the-art management regarding the diagnosis and antibiotic therapy in DFO. In contrast, in this general narrative review and clinical recommendation, we skip the surgical, vascular and psychological aspects.
How Ocular Surface Disorder Affected Corneal Graft Survival
Authors: Siregar Sharita
Published: June 2021

The ocular surface is formed by three component tissues: The cornea, conjunctiva, and limbus all play an important role in keeping a good and clear corneal graft. As part of non-immunological reactions, glaucoma and ocular surface disorders can increase the possibility of corneal graft failure. For that reason, maintaining a healthy and moist ocular surface, depends on an intimate relationship between healthy ocular surface epithelia, the tear film, and the eyelid, which will all increase corneal graft survival. A moist conjunctiva composed of lymphatic tissue as our defense mechanism against infection, will keep the cornea avascular, remaining crystal clear, dehydrated, and protected. Ocular surface epithelium cannot survive without tears. To specified, each component tissue that forms the ocular surface is equally important. Several previous studies revealed that dry eye disease as a form of ocular surface disorders (OSD), can lead to graft rejection. To our knowledge, there are two conditions that cause dry eye syndrome. It can be caused by lipid tear deficiency or aqueous tear deficiency. The severity of dry eye also ranges widely with some mild inflammatory processes leading to severe chronic conditions (i.e., cicatrizing conjunctivitis) that are known to be an absolute contraindication for total or full penetrating keratoplasty. The basic immunological mechanism of dry eye, as one of the most forms of ocular surface disorders that altered corneal graft survival will be discussed specifically in this chapter.
Clinical and Hematological Characteristics of Patients with COVID-19 Co-infected with Bacteria
Authors: Zhang Dan , Zhang Meijuan , Chen Han , Chen Lijiang , Bai Fumao , Chen Jian , Wang Yumin , Zhou Zheng
Published: June 2021

Background: The pandemic caused by the new coronavirus is overwhelming the world. Bacteria and fungi were detected in some cases, which suggested the associations between COVID-19 and bacterial and fungal infections. Objectives: To provide suggestions and treatment opinions by analyzing laboratory data of COVID-19 patients co-infected with bacteria. Methods: We analyzed 63 patients with COVID-19 admitted to the isolation ward of the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University. COVID-19 was detected using PCR, and bacteria were identified using culture. Patients were divided into two groups, including those with and those without bacterial infections, and differences in hematologic indices between the groups were analyzed. Results: There were 63 patients with median age of 55.82 years. The average hospital stay was 22.56 days. Seven patients (11.11%) had coincident bacterial infections. Detection rates in sputum/alveolar lavage and blood were the highest, 60.52% and 21.05%, respectively. Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter, and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia were the most common found in 31.58%, 18.42%, and 15.79%, respectively. Interleukin 6 (IL-6) levels were elevated in 84.13% of patients, while IL-10 levels were elevated in 69.84%, blood ammonia levels were elevated in 82.05%, lactate levels were elevated in 75.41%, and LDH levels were elevated in 69.84%. There were significant differences between the groups in terms of expression levels of IgG, C4, AST, LDH, IL-6, IL-10, percentage of neutrophils, percentage of lymphocytes, and platelets. Conclusions: For patients with COVID-19 suspected of having bacterial infections, empiric antibiotics should be given to cover K. pneumoniae, Acinetobacter, and S. maltophilia.
Editorial for Issue 3
Authors: Matthews Jodie
Published: June 2021

Editorial for Issue 3 of Identity Papers
‘England, hope for light after the confusion of darkness’: English Political Identity in the Late Medieval Carol
Authors: McInnes Louise
Published: June 2021

The late medieval carol is an important indigenous musical form that is abundant in a number of sources from the late fourteenth to the early sixteenth century both with and without extant musical notation. Often thought of as a song that only addresses Christmas themes, medieval carols, in fact, cover a variety of subject matter: love, humour, moralistic tales, the veneration of saints, and politics, to name but a few. This short study seeks to discuss the political carols; addressing their position in manuscripts of the time, examining the clues they might give to the establishments they were performed in, and exploring their representation of English political identity during this turbulent period of history.
‘No Longer Young and Not Yet Old’ London: Spatio-Temporal Ambivalence in Hanif Kureishi’s Something to Tell You
Authors: Toth Hayley G
Published: June 2021

This article examines the peculiar spatio-temporal ambivalence of Hanif Kureishi’s 2008 novel, Something to Tell You. Building on Doreen Massey’s (2005) understanding of space and place, I put forth a new framework of spatial production and experience, comprising the cartographical and the phenomenological. Through these terms, I argue that we can engage with both the particularity and the plurality of the novel’s representation of London. Geographic Information System (GIS) software is employed both to make explicit the novel’s relationship to cartography, and to cartographic London, but, equally, to conceptualise Something to Tell You’s reconstellation of the city. By way of conclusion, I suggest that Something to Tell You bears a political and poetic ambivalence that is symptomatic of a wider hesitancy toward representing the capital (as representation relates to stultification). And whilst this unsettledness and non-surety as to the ‘where’ and the ‘when’ of London experience is, for protagonist, Jamal, a cause of great anxiety, is it nonetheless true to the ‘reality’, in Wolfreys’ (1999) sense of the term, of living, of doing, and of being in London.
The SYRF Wide Light Project
Authors: Prince Martyn , Claughton Andrew
Published: June 2021

Modern racing yacht semi-planing hull forms provide a number of complex challenges for designers and a minefield for those involved in yacht rating.

The SYRF Wide Light Project was initiated as a means of providing data with which to assess a range of alternative computation methodologies to analyze sailing yacht hydrodynamic forces and moments, making this data available to the entire sailing yacht research community and demonstrating how this type of study can be used to inform the rating process.

This paper presents a comprehensive set of tank test results in both canoe body only and appended configurations to be used as a benchmark for a defined geometry of a modern semi-planing hull. Five different CFD stakeholders carried out ‘blind’ CFD analysis on the same test matrix using a range of different computational codes and approaches. The results are presented here along with feedback detailing the software, methods and resources used to generate the results.

This project offers a comprehensive set of public domain data which researchers may use to validate and develop their numerical tools and highlights how successfully commercial CFD codes may be used to confidently predict the variation of the forces on a sailing yacht hull as speed, heel and leeway change. Finally, discussion will be made on how this first phase of the project may be used to inform handicap rule makers.
The Influence of Sailor Position and Motion on the Performance Prediction of Racing Dinghies
Authors: Taylor Joshua C. , Banks Joseph , Turnock Stephen R.
Published: June 2021

The time-varying influence of a sailor’s position is typically neglected in dinghy velocity prediction programs. When applied to the assessment of dinghy race performance the position and motions of the crew become significant but are practically hard to measure as they interact with the motions of the sailboat. As the initial stage in developing a time accurate dinghy velocity prediction program this work develops an on-water system capably of measuring the applied hiking moment due to the sailor’s pose and compares this with the resultant dinghy motion. The sailor’s kinematics are captured using a network of inertial motion sensors (IMS) synchronized to a video camera and dinghy motion sensor. The hiking moment is evaluated using a ‘stick man’ body representation with the mass and inertial terms associated with the main body segments appropriately scaled for the representative sailor. The accuracy of the pose capture is validated using laboratory based pose measurements. The completed work will provide a platform to model how sailor generated forces interact with the sailboat to affect boat speed. This will be used alongside realistic modelling of the wind and wave loadings to extend an existing time-domain dynamic velocity prediction program (DVPP). The results are demonstrated using a single handed Laser and demonstrate an acceptable level of accuracy.