bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness of Innovation Basic Life Support Training Devices to Layperson: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Laosuksri Wiput , Chenthanakij Boriboon , Sutham Krongkarn , Rangsri Wetchayan , Pongvuthitham Radom , Rungsiyakull Chaiy , Sucharitakul Thawan , Khunlertgit Navadon , Wittayachamnankul Borwon
Published: November 2021

Objectives: The use of a cardiopulmonary resuscitation feedback device and automated external defibrillator trainer is beneficial in basic life support (BLS) training. Nevertheless, Thailand lacks these devices in BLS support training. This study aimed to compare the efficacy of the Chiang Mai BLS training devices with conventional training devices in BLS training for laypeople.Material and Methods: A randomized controlled trial was conducted to compare the efficacy of the Chiang Mai device group with the conventional device group, by assessing the theory and practical examination scores of the participants; who were adult, laypeople attending the BLS provider course endorsed by the Thai Resuscitation Council. Evaluating instructors were blinded from both groups of participants.Results: A total of 60 adult, laypeople participants were divided into two groups: 32 and 28 participants of the Chiang Mai device group and conventional device group, respectively. Overall examination scores of included participants were very high. The participants in the Chiang Mai device group had a higher median score of multiple-choice question assessment [9.0/9.0 (8.5-9.0) vs 8.5/9.0 (8.0-9.0) points, p-value=0.134] as well as a higher median score of practical examination [26.0/26.0 (24.3-26.0) vs 25.0/26.0 (24.0-26.0) points, p-value=0.278] when compared to those using conventional BLS training devices. However, there was no statistical significance between both groups.Conclusion: The effectiveness of the Chiang Mai BLS training device in basic life support training for adult laypeople is comparable to conventional BLS training devices.
The Reincarnations of the Andzhatan Lama: a Study of the Phenomenon
Authors: Kitinov Baatr U. , Lyulina Anastasiya G.
Published: November 2021

The article deals with the under-researched topic about the role and significance of the Torgut tulku linage of Andzhatan Lamas in the history of Buddhism among  the Oirats (Kalmyks). It also deals with the history of their relations with the authorities  of Tibet and the Qing Empire. The source is the inscription found on the stele to the 19th  Andzhatan Lama Lobsang Danbi Nime (1918–1985). It is written in Oirat and Chinese  and comprises the data about his predecessors, the most famous and authoritative lamas of this linage (i. e. Lobsang Gelek and Lobsang Tenzin). The data found about these  lamas in Russian archival documents as well as Chinese and Kalmyk (Torgut) sources  are scarce and contradictory. The article aims to systematize the information about the  individual incarnations of the Andzhatan Lama and confirm their authenticity where  possibly. The authors confine their research to the topics as follows: a) Louzan, the son  of the Kalmyk Taishi Kho-Urluk, and Lobsang Gelek, the first Anjja (Andzhatan) Lama;  b) the role of Lobsang Tenzin, the Seventh embodiment of Andzhatan Lama in the exodus of Kalmyks and their settlement in the territory of the former Dzungaria in 1771;  c) features and history of this embodiment line, its significance in the development of  religious and political links between the Qing and the Oirats.
Introduction to the study of Kong-zi jia-yu (“School Sayings of Confucius”)
Authors: Popova Galina S.
Published: November 2021

The Kong-zi jia-yu (“School Sayings of Confucius”) is an important historical  source for the study of Confucius’ teachings. The text comprises Confucius’ sayings,  records of his conversations with his students and other people, and also information  regarding his life and deeds. Regardless of the factual cornucopia, the text remains almost completely unknown to Russian scholars. Equally, it has never been translated  into Russian. The necessity to translate this historical source into Russian is obvious,  at least because of the information regarding the life of Confucius (551–479 BC) and  also the theory of his philosophy and belief system. The article offers the initial stage  of the study of the Kong-zi jia-yu and comprises the Russian translation of the first two  chapters. One of the tasks of the article is the identification of the sources the Kong-zi  jia-yu is based upon. The translation is accompanied by the synopsis of the contents  of the first five chapters, their composition and a source critical study about the information found in the Kong-zi jia-yu and the ancient Chinese works, such as Chun-qiu  Zuo-zhuan, Xun-zi, Li-ji, Da Dai li-ji, Yi-wen-zi, Shuo-yuan. The study has proven that  these texts should not be considered as sources of information for the first and second chapters of the Kong-zi jia-yu due to significant differences in detail description. It  has been also established that the texts of the third, fourth and fifth chapters, which  are philosophical dialogues to a large extent coincide with the chapters of Li-ji (chapters Ai-gong wen, Ru xing) and Da Dai li-ji (chapters Zhu yan, Ai-gong wen yu Kong-zi).  However, regardless of these coincidences these texts still should not be considered as  direct sources for the relevant chapters from the Kong-zi jia-yu. Most likely, the authors  of all three chapters had recourse to the same source.
Sources on the History of the Berber Tribal Confederation of Ṣanhāja in the Middle Ages: The Issue of Reliability
Authors: Stepanova Anastasia
Published: November 2021

The indigenous population of North Africa was represented by various Berber tribes, most of which belonged to three large genealogical confederations - Ṣanhāja,  Zenāta and Maṣmūda. The question, which the author of the present research examines,  is the origin of the Ṣanhāja tribe, its ethnicity and possible ties with Arab tribes that migrated from territories of modern Yemen in the early Islamic period. This work reveals  a range of problems associated with the authenticity of sources, the availability of copies, authors, translations. The medieval history of the Maghreb and Berber tribes is a  promising, however, still insufficiently studied field for research. Understanding a recon-  struction of the historical process, its features, ambiguity, and methodology in the light of  the undertaken research appears to provide a necessary basis for formation of a correct  approach to the study of sources. This article discusses the issue of historical authenticity  and the genealogy of Ṣanhāja confederation as well as the origin of this ethnonym.
Brahmadeva. Paramātmaprakāśa-vṛtti. First adhikāra, dohaka 1–10
Authors: Zheleznova Natalia A.
Published: November 2021

This publication offers the first translation from Sanskrit into a European language of the commentary of the Digambara exegete Brahmadeva (14th cent.) on the first ten verses-dohakas of the poetic treatise “The Radiance of the Supreme Ātman” (Apabhraṃśa Paramappapāyasu) by Yogindu (ca 6th cent.). This text is one of the very few Jain writings on mysticism. The article comprises an introduction to the problems of the treatise and also provides a general idea of the understanding of the spiritual substance-the ātman and its three forms: the external one, the inner one and the supreme.
Eight cases of sudden-onset dropped head syndrome: patient series
Authors: Endo Kenji , Sawaji Yasunobu , Aihara Takato , Suzuki Hidekazu , Murata Kazuma , Matsuoka Yuji , Nishimura Hirosuke , Takamatsu Taichiro , Konishi Takamitsu , Yamamoto Kengo
Published: November 2021

BACKGROUND

As the proportion of elderly people continues to increase, the number of patients with dropped head syndrome (DHS) also grows. However, the relationship between onset and clinical course of DHS has hardly been studied, particularly, that of sudden-onset DHS has not been reported and remains unclear.

OBSERVATIONS

Sudden-onset DHS was defined as presenting with chin on chest deformity within 3 days from the time of awareness of cervical weakness. Sixty-six patients with DHS visited our facility. Among them, 8 of the total cases (12.1%) had experienced sudden onset DHS (6 females and 2 males; average age: 71.9 ± 10.9 years). Six of 8 cases showed recovery by conservative treatment, whose first interventions were from 0.1 to 12 months, but 3 experienced recurrence. Diffuse spinal kyphotic-type DHS was seen in 2 cases, and both had recurring horizontal gaze disturbance after initial recovery. Two unimproved cases underwent surgery of combined anterior and posterior cervical fixation, and their first interventions were at 5 and 24 months. After surgery, cervical sagittal alignment was improved, and they could walk maintaining horizontal gaze.

LESSONS

Sudden-onset DHS can be expected to have a better outcome, but recurrence is possible in global imbalanced-type DHS.
Predicting clinical outcomes using morphometric changes in adults with complex Chiari malformation undergoing occipitocervical fusion with or without ventral decompression: patient series
Authors: Chae John K. , Marianayagam Neelan J. , Hussain Ibrahim , Cruz Amanda , Baaj Ali A. , Härtl Roger , Greenfield Jeffrey P.
Published: November 2021

BACKGROUND

The authors assessed the connection between clinical outcomes and morphometrics in patients with complex Chiari malformation (CM) who have undergone posterior fossa decompression (PFD) and subsequent occipitocervical fusion (OCF) with or without ventral decompression (VD).

OBSERVATIONS

The authors retrospectively reviewed 33 patients with CM aged over 21 years who underwent PFD and OCF with or without endoscopic endonasal odontoidectomy at the authors’ institution (21 OCF only and 12 OCF + VD). Clivoaxial angle (CXA), pB-C2 (perpendicular line to the line between the basion and C2), atlantodental interval (ADI), basion-dens interval (BDI), basion-axial interval (BAI), and C1 canal diameter were measured on preoperative and approximately 3-month postoperative computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging scans. Common symptoms included headache, paresthesia, and bulbar symptoms. Clinical improvement after surgery was observed in 78.8% of patients. CXA, ADI, and BDI all significantly increased after surgery, whereas pB-C2 and BAI significantly decreased. OCF + VD had a significantly more acute CXA and longer pB-C2 preoperatively than OCF only. Patients who clinically improved postoperatively showed the same significant morphometric changes, but those who did not improve showed no significant morphometric changes.

LESSONS

Patients showing improvement had greater corrections in skull base morphometrics than those who did not. Although there are various mutually nonexclusive reasons why certain patients do not improve after surgery, smaller degrees of morphometric correction could play a role.
Dynamics of Changing of Volumes and Radiation Properties of Radioactive Contaminate Water in the Shelter Object in the Condition of New Safety Confinement
Authors:   Institute for Safety Problems of Nuclear Power Plants, NAS of Ukraine, Odintsov O. O. , Khan V. Е. , Palamar L. А. , Sabenin P. V. , Chikur L. B.
Published: November 2021

In November 2016 the “Arch” of the New Safe Confinement (NSC) was installed into design position over the Shelter object (SO). Installation of the NSC in design position stipulated the changes of the mode of water inflow into underroof space of the SO. The conditions of the SO rooms ventilation as well as temperature-humidity conditions have changed inside the SO. It resulted in the considerable changes of formations conditions of the radioactively contaminated water (RCW) unorganized accumulations in the complex NSC–SO rooms. Aim of the work is to study the dynamics of changes of RCW volumes, concentration of uranium, macrocomponets, as well as radionuclides activity concentration in the RCW unorganized accumulations in rooms at the bottom marks of the SO under conditions of the NSC operation for 2017−2020. Experimental data on the determination of the volumes and radiation characteristics of radioactively contaminated water in unorganized accumulations of liquid radioactive waste at the bottom marks of the SO after the NSC installation into the design position are presented. The biggest accumulations of RCW are in the room 001/3 at the mark −2.60 m. Volume of the accumulation is approximately 270 m3. During the last decade a water level at the control point is about 1.1 m and does not change practically. During December 2016 – June 2020 the volume of radioactively contaminated water in rooms 017/2, 012/5–8 and 012/13–16 decreased by more than 10 times. In rooms 009/4, 013/2, 014/2 and 210/5–7, the water has dried completely. A decrease of radioactively contaminated water volume occurs due to the evaporation of water during the autumn-winter seasons and is not compensated by the formation of condensation moisture in the summer. Due to the water evaporation, concentrations of macrocomponents and uranium, as well as the activity concentration of radionuclides 90Sr, 137Cs, 154,155Eu, 238,239,240Pu, 241Am and 244Cm in the radioactively contaminated water increased significantly. The activity concentrations of radionuclides are 90Sr — n ∙ 109, 137Cs — n ∙ 1010, 154Eu – n ∙ 106, 239 + 240Pu – n ∙ 106, 241Am — n ∙ 107, 244Cm — n ∙ 105 Bq/m3. As a result of drying out of radioactively contaminated water accumulations, highly active deposits are formed, which are a source of radioactive aerosols in the rooms of the SO. During water evaporation there is an increase of RCW alkaline, рН increases to the values of 9.5–10.2. It is due to the increase of concentration of carbonates of CO3 2– and hydro carbonates of HCO3 – in water.
To a Burst of 137Cs Activity in the Air under the “Arch” Object on October 17, 2019
Authors:   Institute for Safety Problems of Nuclear Power Plants, NAS of Ukraine, Shynkarenko V. K. , Kashpur V. A. , Skorjak G. G. , Sabenin P. V.
Published: November 2021

The construction of a New Safe Confinement (NSC) is one of the main stages in the transformation of the Chornobyl nuclear power plant 4th power unit into an ecologically safe system. On the one hand, this system is designed to ensure the safety of personnel, the population and the environment, on the other — to allow safe work with the remnants of the unit. At the same time, the project allows quite high levels of bulk activity of radioactive aerosols inside the NSC — up to 210 Bq/m3 for total β-activity. The sharp increase in the volumetric air activity, observed on October 17–19, 2019 in a number of rooms of the Shelter object and in the space under the “Arch” object in the absence of a burst of activity outside these objects, can be considered as a successful kind of spontaneous test of the NSC isolation systems. The chronology of the dynamics of volume activity according to the act of official investigation of the precedent is given. The results of studies of aerosol filters exposed in the near zone of the Chornobyl NPP before and after the burst of activity in the air under the “Arсh” object are presented. Autoradiograms of fragments of these filters demonstrate a significant (≈2 orders of magnitude) increase in the number of hot particles immediately after the fall of the concrete fragment of the floor in the room 402/3. The analysis of features of the hot particles after the collapse indicates a significant contribution to the total activity of a large number of low-activity particles (0.005÷5 Bq), and the low 137Cs/241Am ratio that indicates their fuel nature. Based on the assumption about the fuel nature of hot particles, their minimum possible aerodynamic diameters were calculated, which are in the range 2.91<d<36.7 μm, which does not exclude the presence of smaller hot particles on the filter that are not visible using this method. The contribution of particles with aerodynamic diameters less than 10 μm, determined using the impactor, did not exceed 20% of the total beta activity of the aerosol.
Model of Reactivity Accident of the RBMK-1000 of the Chornobyl NPP 4th Power Unit
Authors:   Institute for Safety Problems of Nuclear Power Plants, NAS of Ukraine, Borysenko V. I. , Goranchuk V. V. ,   Institute for Safety Problems of Nuclear Power Plants, NAS of Ukraine
Published: November 2021

The article presents the results of modeling of the reactivity accident, which resulted in the destruction of reactor RBMK-1000 of the 4th power unit of the Chornobyl NPP on April 26, 1986. The RBMK-1000 reactivity accident model was developed on the basis of the kinetics of the nuclear reactor, taking into account the change in the reactivity of the reactor. Reactivity changes as a result of both external influence (movement of control rods; change in the reactor inlet coolant temperature (density)) and due to the action of reactivity feedback by the parameters of the reactor core (change in the fuel temperature, coolant temperature, concentration of 135Хе, graphite stack temperature, etc.). A similar approach was applied by the authors of the article for the study of transient processes with the operation of accelerated unit unloading mode on VVER-1000, and the validity of such model is confirmed. The study of the reactivity accident on RBMK-1000 was carried out for various combinations of values of the effectiveness of control rods; reactivity coefficients of the coolant temperature and fuel temperature; changes in the temperature of the coolant at the inlet to the reactor. In most of the studied RBMK-1000 reactor accident scenarios, the critical values of fuel enthalpy, at which the process of fuel destruction begins, are reached first. An important result of the research is the conclusion that it is not necessary to reach supercriticality on instantaneous neutrons, supercriticality on delayed neutrons is also sufficient to initiate fuel destruction.
Peculiarities of 137Cs Sorption/Desorption by Bentonite Clays of Cherkasy Deposit from Groundwater Model Solutions of Radioactive Waste Disposal Facilities at the “Vector” Production Complex
Authors:   SI “Institute of Environmental Geochemistry of NAS of Ukraine”, Shabalin B. H. , Yaroshenko К. К. , Buhera S. P.
Published: November 2021

The main feature of bentonite clays is their high sorption capacity with respect to various radionuclides. The study of sorption kinetics of 137Cs was performed in the static mode by natural and industrial soda modified (PBA-20) samples of bentonite clays of Cherkasy deposit of bentonite and paligorskite clays from groundwater model solutions of radioactive waste disposal facilities of “Vector” production complex under various pH and solution mineralisation. The desorption of occluded samples was studied in distilled water and acetateammonium buffer solution. The value of the degree of sorption (S) for 137Cs on the modified samples exceeds 90%, for natural bentonite this indicator is lower (about 83–85%). On both types of bentonite with increasing time of their contact with aqueous solution and pH, there is a redistribution of water-soluble, ion-exchange and fixed forms of radionuclide and the share of the latter, that is not participating in migration processes increases, indicating the ability of bentonites to immobilize effectively for a long time. It is shown that Na-modified bentonite has higher proportion of sorption in fixed form compared to natural one and its application increases the probability of irreversible fixation of migrating radionuclides under non-optimal conditions of sorption (high pH (>11) of water after prolonged contact with cement-concrete components of engineering barriers) and thus increases the environmental safety of the storage facility. It is shown that bentonite clays of the Cherkasy deposit can serve as an effective material for creating anti-migration barriers of I and II stages of surface/near-surface storage facilities for radioactive waste disposal at the “Vector” production complex. At the same time, the issue of practical application of bentonite clays of Cherkasy deposit for accurate predictions of securing radioactive waste disposal of Chornobyl origin requires further study of sorption-desorption properties of bentonite clay with respect to other fission products and actinides
Radioactive Aerosols within Conditions of the New Safe Confinement in 2017–2020
Authors:   Institute for Safety Problems of Nuclear Power Plants, NAS of Ukraine, Lagunenko O. S. , Khan V. Ye. , Kalynovskyi O. K. , Bezmylov V. M. , Kashpur V. O. , Kovalchuk V. P. , Sabenin P. V. , Svirid O. A. , Tkach A. V.
Published: November 2021

The results of monitored behavior of radioactive aerosols within the conditions of the New Safe Confinement (NSC) in 2017–2020 are presented. Maximum “unorganized” flux of beta-emitting products of the Chornobyl accident from the Shelter object through the process openings and leakages of light roofing in the NSC basic volume observed in 2017 made 7.9 kBq/(m2 ∙day). Mean annual density of radionuclide deposition onto the light roofing during four years has been changing within the range of 1.7–2.2 kBq/(m2 ∙day). Over these years, mean annual volumetric activity of sum of long-lived beta-emitting nuclides coming in the “Bypass” system dropped from 0.84 to 0.17 Bq/m3 . Their carriers were aerosol particles with activity median aerodynamic diameter, mainly, from 4.3 to 10 μm. The data are given on radioactive contamination of near-surface air layer in the NSC basic volume.
Automatic Reconstruction of Building-Scale Indoor 3D Environment with a Deep-Reinforcement-Learning-Based Mobile Robot
Authors: Menglong Yang  , Katashi Nagao
Published: November 2021

The aim of this paper is to digitize the environments in which humans live, at low cost, and reconstruct highly accurate three-dimensional environments that are based on those in the real world. This three-dimensional content can be used such as for virtual reality environments and three-dimensional maps for automatic driving systems.
In general, however, a three-dimensional environment must be carefully reconstructed by manually moving the sensors used to first scan the real environment on which the three-dimensional one is based. This is done so that every corner of an entire area can be measured, but time and costs increase as the area expands. Therefore, a system that creates three-dimensional content that is based on real-world large-scale buildings at low cost is proposed. This involves automatically scanning the indoors with a mobile robot that uses low-cost sensors and generating 3D point clouds.
When the robot reaches an appropriate measurement position, it collects the three-dimensional data of shapes observable from that position by using a 3D sensor and 360-degree panoramic camera. The problem of determining an appropriate measurement position is called the “next best view problem,” and it is difficult to solve in a complicated indoor environment. To deal with this problem, a deep reinforcement learning method is employed. It combines reinforcement learning, with which an autonomous agent learns strategies for selecting behavior, and deep learning done using a neural network. As a result, 3D point cloud data can be generated with better quality than the conventional rule-based approach.
Safeguarding Equity in Off-Site Vehicle Miles Traveled (VMT) Mitigation in California
Authors: Alexander Serena E. , Alfonzo Mariela , Lee Kevin
Published: November 2021

Historically, the State of California assessed the environmental impacts of proposed developments based on how it was projected to affect an area’s level of service (LOS). However, as LOS focused on traffic delays, many agencies simply widened roads, which was an ineffective way to reduce greenhouse gas emissions (GHGs). With the passage of Senate Bill (SB)743 in 2013, LOS was replaced by Vehicle Miles Traveled (VMT) as a more appropriate metric by which to gauge the environmental impacts of proposed development. Additionally, SB 743 presented an opportunity for off-site VMT mitigation strategies through banking and exchanges– allowing multiple development projects to fund a variety of strategies to reduce VMT elsewhere in the city or region. While the shift from LOS to VMT has generally been lauded, concerns remain about how to apply SB 743 effectively and equitably. This study aimed to: 1) understand how local governments are addressing this shift toward VMT while ensuring equity, including its approaches to off-site VMT mitigation; and 2) evaluate the various built environment factors that impact VMT, which should be considered by local governments, using both qualitative and quantitative research designs. The study posited that both micro and macro level aspects of the built environment needed to be considered when evaluating the impacts of proposed development on VMT, not only to ensure higher accuracy VMT models, but also because of the potential equity implications of off-site mitigation measures. Using multiple linear regression, the study shows that macroscale built environment features such as land use, density, housing, and employment access have a statistically significant impact on reducing VMT (35%), along with transit access (15%), microscale features such as sidewalks, benches, and trees (13%), and income (6%). More notably, a four-way interaction was detected, indicating that VMT is dependent on the combination of macro and micro level built environment features, public transit access, and income. Additionally, qualitative interviews indicate that transportation practitioners deal with three types of challenges in the transition to VMT impact mitigation: the lack of reliable, standardized VMT measure and evaluation tools; the lack of a strong legal foundation for VMT as a component of the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA); and the challenge of distributing off-site VMT mitigation equitably. Overall, findings support a nuanced, multi-factor understanding of the context in which new developments are being proposed, both in terms of modeling VMT, but also when considering whether offsite mitigation would be appropriate. The results of this study can help California ensure equitable VMT mitigation that better aligns with the state’s climate goals.
Arbeiter*innenklasse und imperiale Lebensweise
Authors: Brand Ulrich , Wissen Markus
Published: November 2021

Stefanie Hürtgen hat sich in der PROKLA kritisch mit dem Konzept der imperialen Lebensweise auseinandergesetzt: Dieses vernachla?ssige die Klassenfrage und die widerständigen Alltagssubjektivitäten. Das Nord-Su?d-Verha?ltnis werde unterkomplex konzeptualisiert. In der Tat bedu?rfen die subjektiven Voraussetzungen sozial-o?kologischer Transformation einer genauen Betrachtung. Allerdings ist eine widersta?ndige Subjektivita?t nicht per se emanzipativ. Es gilt, das Verha?ltnis von allta?glicher Infragestellung und Reproduktion der imperialen Lebensweise zu bestimmen. Aufgrund der unterschiedlichen Auspra?gungen des Klassenkonikts sollten »Su?d« und »Nord« als territoriale Kategorien nicht vorschnell aufgegeben werden.
Operation “Artemis” : The First Autonomous EU-led Operation
Authors: Tomolya János
Published: November 2021

In June 2003, the EU launched Operation “Artemis”, its first military mission outside Europe and independent of NATO, to the Democratic Republic of Congo. While it ultimately received an EU badge, its origin, command and control were French. The objective of Operation “Artemis” was to contribute to the stabilisation of the security conditions in Bunia, capital of Ituri, to improve the humanitarian situation, and to ensure the protection of displaced persons in the refugee camps in Bunia. Its mandate was to provide a short-term interim force for three months until the transition to the reinforced United Nations Mission in the Democratic Republic of Congo (MONUC – Mission de l’Organisation des Nations Unies en République Démocratique du Congo; English: United Nations Organization Stabilization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo). Although the EU can be said to have passed the first “test” of the European Security and Defence Policy (ESDP) mechanisms for the conduct of an autonomous operation, this test was a limited one. Operational constraints were caused by inadequate strategic lift capabilities and the lack of a strategic reserve.
Violation of Humanitarian Law and Infringement of Human Rights in the Last “Colony” of Africa
Authors: Harkai István
Published: November 2021

On the surface, Western Sahara is one of the most uninteresting regions of Africa, but anyone interested in international law, can easily find many exciting issues to explore. After a brief historical review, the author will try to examine the abuse of human rights and, the infringement of international humanitarian law which were committed by the parties during the fight for freedom of the Sahrawi people. The essay also analyses the circumstances of the refugees.
Characteristics of Forest Fires and their Impact on the Environment
Authors: Földi László , Kuti Rajmund
Published: November 2021

We can hear about large scale forest fires in the media from several areas of the European Union almost every year. A large forest fire causes a serious impact on the environment, determining its future for decades. Prevention of forest fires is one of today’s most important tasks as well as appropriate preparedness for effective fighting against them. To do so, it is vital to have detailed knowledge on the characteristics of different forest types and their environment, their ecosystems and food-chains, and technical information on the properties of forest fires and their effects on the different elements of the environment and lessons learned from previous cases.Based on gathered information of past events authors have provided a complete system of forest fire categories by their size, type, risks and consequences. We investigated the detailed impacts of forest fires on the different elements of the environment.The content of this paper may help the work of the sylviculturists and other agrarian experts involved in the rehabilitation processes of forest ecosystems after large-scale forest fires.
Protect Peace and Security : Hungarian Law Enforcement Agencies in Peace Operations
Authors: Boda József
Published: November 2021

The author’s intent is to record his knowledge from 20 years of experience in law enforcement peacekeeping and crisis management, and share them with those interested in the topic.The elaboration of the theory of law enforcement peacekeeping and civilian crises management as well as its practical implementation have not received the necessary attention in recent years, although there are more than ten thousand law enforcement officials deeply involved in this activity around the world.The history of the participation of Hungarian law enforcement organizations in peacekeeping and crises management is quite short; in fact, we have been involved in this activity only since 1989. A few books were published covering the individual stories of law enforcement peacekeepers, but a comprehensive study of the area and a written document on practical experiences are missing.
Bir Flaneur Olarak Covid-19 Sonrası Mekânsal Değişimin İzlerini Sürmek: Bakü Fevvareler Meydanı Örneği
Authors: BAYRAKDAR Oğuz Kağan
Published: November 2021

Bireyler yaşadıkları yer ile duygusal bağ kurmaya meyillidirler. Bu bağı kurmak için çeşitli akımlar ya da ideolojik söylemler üretilse de duygular, anılar, kültürel değerler gibi çeşitli dinamikler de bir mekânın içselleştirilmesinde ve kolektif hafızada yer edinmesinde önemli işleve sahip olmuştur. Mekânın neliğine dair birçok soru, bu dinamikler ile anlam bulup açıklanmaktadır. Kapladığı alandan fazlası olabilen “mekân”, zaman içerisinde dönüşüme maruz kalmış ve 2020 yılında dünyayı tesiri altına alan Covid-19 virüsü ile yeni bir mekânsal dönüşüm başlamıştır. Bu dönemde mekâna yüklenilen anlam ve mekânda olması gereken özellikler farklılaşmıştır. Bu çalışmanın amacı insanlar için aitlik duygusu oluşturan, şehir ile bütünleşmenin bir aracı olan mekanların, Covid-19 sonrası dönüşümünü araştırmaktır. Bu sebeple çalışmada örneklem olarak Bakü’nün sosyo-ekonomik açıdan önemli bir alanı olan Fevvareler meydanı seçilmiştir. Günlük hayatta çoğu Bakü sakininin uğrak yeri, kolektif etkileşimin sağlandığı alan olan Fevvareler meydanının Covid-19 sonrası dönüşümü Flanuer olarak bilinen bir tiplemenin bakış açısıyla ele alınacaktır.
Use of Prefabrication, Construction and Demolition Wastes as an Aggregate in Vibropressed Precast Concrete Blocks Production
Authors: Łój Grzegorz , Nocuń-Wczelik Wiesława
Published: November 2021

The aim of current study was to determine the recycled concrete aggregate (RCA) applicability in the production of concrete mixture for vibropressed concrete blocks. The experiments were focused especially on the crushed waste material from the same concrete elements producing plant.  For this type of precast elements only some finer fractions can be implemented and the “earth-moist” consistency of fresh mixture is required. The series of samples was prepared in which the mixture of natural aggregates was partially or totally substituted by recycled concrete aggregate. The 0/4 RCA fraction, which is usually rejected in ready mix concrete technology, plays a role of 0/2 sand.  The substitution of sand fraction was from 20% to 100% respectively. The substitution of the coarser aggregate fractions by 4/16 RCA was also done. The standard properties of vibropressed elements, such as the degree of densification, the density of material, the compressive and splitting tensile strength and the water absorption capacity according to the relevant standards were determined. The parameters of materials with the natural aggregate substitution by RCA are affected by the ratio of recycled concrete aggregate. In most cases the results do not decline specially from those for reference samples, when only the natural sand (0/2) fraction is substituted by the 0/4 recycled aggregate. As one could expect, as lower the substitution, as better the test results. The partial substitution of natural aggregate by coarser fractions requires experimental verification; over 20% substitution of natural aggregate by 4/8, 8/16 or 0/16 RCA should be excluded.
Current issues of professional and pedagogical competence formation of future officers in higher educational institutions with specific learning conditions
Authors:   Academy of the State Penitentiary Service, Chernihiv, Ukraine, Anishchenko V.O.
Published: November 2021

The article addresses to the need for the professional and pedagogical competence formation of future officers who obtain a master’s degree in a higher educational institution with specific learning conditions. The purpose of the article – is to substantiate the need to organize and use an additional master’s course for future officers obtaining higher education in specialties 081 “Law” and 262 “Law Enforcement” in higher educational institutions with specific learning conditions. Methodology. Foundation and analyses of objective conditions for the professional and pedagogical competence formation of future officers, whose professional activities are related to the processes of training, education of members of the rank and commanding staff of military units, law enforcement units, judicial protection, state border protection, human rights protection in bodies and penal institutions, etc. The theoretical and methodological basis of the article are didactic principles and theories of training, as well as a system of interactive methods and tools that ensure the development of pedagogical abilities of future officers. Results. The carried out analysis of publications of national scientists on the researched subject allowed to define real problems which influence reception not only theoretical knowledge, but also the main practical skills and abilities of pedagogical influence application of young officers professionals on members of the rank and commanding staff to create effective official communication, their training and education, building relationships and effective communication process during their professional and service activities. Practical implications. The introduction of the additional course “Higher School Pedagogy” in the educational and professional and educational and scientific program for the obtainers of the second (master’s) level of higher education in specialties 081 “Law” and 262 “Law Enforcement” will promote the development of future officers and provide the required level of readiness for pedagogical activities within the performance of professional and service tasks as well as the implementation of the educational process of the rank and commanding staff. Key words: future officers’ professionals, competencies, professional competence, pedagogical activity, professional and pedagogical competence.
http://sjeducation.academysps.edu.ua/an/anishchenko-v-o-2-7-eng/
Authors:   Academy of the State Penitentiary Service, Chernihiv, Ukraine, Bykonia O.P. , Ihnatovych T.Z. ,   Academy of the State Penitentiary Service, Chernihiv, Ukraine
Published: November 2021

In the article the authors substantiate the peculiarities of how to teach reading popular-scientific texts to law students during the distance learning English. The aim of the article is to give the definition of an English popular- scientific text and it’s structure in the linguistic paradigm and to show the peculiarities of how to teach reading this kind of texts to future lawyers. Methodology. Theoretical statements include the analysis of the existing methods and approaches to teaching reading English popular-scientific texts to law students. General principles of higher school didactics and methods of teaching foreign languages, general scientific, comparative, descriptive, logical and semantic approaches to defining the peculiarities of English popular-scientific texts in linguistic theory are the theoretical and methodological basis of this article. Results. The definition of an English popular-scientific text is given on the basis of the linguistic research, the features of such texts are specified on the basis of the analysis of linguists` research, popular-scientific sites and printed editions. The requirements as to the level of mastering English competence in reading English popular-scientific texts are made according to the stages of learning English by future lawyers at the Academy of the State Penitentiary Service starting from the first to the fourth year of studies. In the article the authors use the critical analysis of the national and foreign linguistic and methodical literature sources on the research topic as well as of the educational documents and programmes. Practical implications of the results achieved lies in giving an English popular[1]scientific text in the context of future lawyers learning English at the different stages of the educational process. The authors define the types of reading and corresponding skills which are to be formed at each year of studies while learning how to read English popular-scientific texts. Some specific requirements as to the level of mastering English reading competence are to be taken into account while organizing educational activities that should help to get the degree of Masters of Law. The materials for the research are popular-scientific sources, first at all, scientific blogs, popular-scientific events and editions. Value (originality). The value of the study is characterized by the presentation of a new vision of forming future lawyers English competence while reading popular-scientific texts. The authors also give the definition of an English popular-scientific text and its structure on the basis of the linguistic research. Key words: an English popular-scientific text, future lawyers, English, reading.
Social security is guarantee of sustainable development of national economy
Authors:   Academy of the State Penitentiary Service, Chernihiv, Ukraine, Honcharenko O. G.
Published: November 2021

The relevance of the article. Economic developments of the society is the top state priority in economy and guarantee of economic potential strengthening. The economic crisis caused by Covid-19 has revealed a number of social problems in Ukrainian society that prevent economic and social transformation and Ukraine integration into the international financial space. Purpose setting is in the studying deformations in the social sphere and assessment of the state of system threats to economic security of the country. Presentation of the main material. Threatening character of deformations in the Ukraine social sphere requires introduction of social indicators monitoring which have influence on the state of economic security. It is proved that social and demographic component of economic security characterizes the possibility of the state to guarantee adequate and qualitative standard of living for population, favorable conditions of human capital development and level of labor resources provision that provide its sustainable growing. It is found out that among social problems in the society, and then the threat to economic security is worsening population health level, reduction in life expectancy, availability of high-quality treatment, high death rate, and decrease of employable population. It is defined that the poverty is caused by deficient labor legislature and social vulnerability, and labor migration threats social security. According to different resources from three to five million Ukrainian citizens live outside the country. Assessing of a statistic reveals that population employment doesn’t protect families from poverty, and 93,5% of poor people are individual homes with a single employable person and this shows low wages. It was established that there is a great difference in payments for work in Ukraine and European countries for the current year. Conclusions. Economic growing and reforming of national economy is necessary for Ukraine for encouraging people to stay in the country and invest in their future in Ukraine. With implementation of comprehensive economic reforms Ukraine has the chance to create favorable conditions for economic strengthening and social development which can improve people expectations for their living in Ukraine in comparison with potential countries for employment. Key words: social security, wages, labor migration, poverty.
Рhenomenon of states psychological self-regulation of teacher’s life activities
Authors:   Chernihiv regional institute of postgraduate  pedagogical education named after K.D. Ushynskyi, Ukraine, Zhurov V. V. , Biienko N. A.
Published: November 2021

Based on the structural and system analysis, the article considers the need for self-regulation for teachers, substantiates and provides statistics on the negative psychophysical states of educators, which they acquire as a result of professional activity. One hundred teachers were interviewed in order to define the mastering level of their self-regulation and the need to educate teachers in the theory and practice of these aspects. Based on the data obtained, it is obvious that educators need education on this issue, and the level of assimilation of this information and skills still needs to be better. The necessity of developming the motivational system of self-regulation mastering by teachers through the following components of this motivation is substantiated in the article: it can be made through a condition of psychophysical health; because of the culturological need of educators and because of the need not to expose others, in particular children, according to the negatives of their emotional deviations; due to the need for pedagogical competence, which has the competence of the psychological spectrum, which determines the professional status; because of the need for the teacher to be a proactive person. Since teachers are mostly motivated to learn self-regulation mainly because of health and the effectiveness of such motivation is limited, we conclude that there should be several motivational areas, where each specialist will find what he needs. The article analyzes and systematizes theoretical principles of self-regulation of mental states of the personality in order to bring this information in an adaptive form for teachers. In this context, the periodization is made considering the research on self-regulation by scientists from foreign and national physiological and psychological schools. The meaningful information of theoretical bases of regulation is structured and systematized. The necessity of a regular system of education on the theory and practice of self-regulation is substantiated and in this perspective the article gives the basics of such education. In our publication the authors offer the term, forms of work and its content. Conclusions are made on improving the awareness of educators of the practical acquisition of knowledge, skills and abilities on the problem. Key words: self-regulation of personality mental states; motivation, mastery of self-regulation of mental states by the teacher; systematization of theoretical principles of self-regulation; basics of the teacher education project on self-regulation issues.
Perspectives of euro-atlantic integration of the system of professional training of the personnel of the State border guard service of Ukraine
Authors:   National Academy of the State Border Guard Service of Ukraine named after Bohdan Khmelnytskyi, Ukraine, Islamova O. O.
Published: November 2021

The purpose of the article is the definition of prospective areas of Euro-Atlantic integration of the system of professional training of future border guard officers on the basis of the National Academy of the State Border Guard Service of Ukraine. Results. The article reveals perspectives of Euro-Atlantic integration of the system of professional training of the personnel of the State Border Guard Service of Ukraine. The considered perspective directions envisage joining the system of joint training of specialists of various subjects of border guard activity in order to increase the level of interoperability of the personnel of the State Border Guard Service of Ukraine on the basis of NATO standards. It has been determined that it is necessary to carry out wide consultations with representatives of NATO and NATO member states on the implementation of training programs for personnel training on issues within the competence of the Ukrainian Border Guard Service, ensuring the participation of National Academy in new research projects between Ukraine and NATO, obtaining grants for research support. It was found out that in the conditions of introduction of informal models of education in the Ukrainian system of training of border guards of various specialties it is necessary to introduce experience of NATO countries on development and carrying out of trainings on relevant subjects, especially on formation of foreign language professional competence of border guards according to STANAG 6001. Practical implications and value. Modernization of the technical component of the educational process of a higher military educational institution includes: creation of an internal educational network on border security and management, introduction of a platform for information exchange and communication between national and foreign educational institutions; creation of a virtual contact center to provide video conferencing; intensive use of mobile learning, introduction of electronic tools, virtual simulators and simulators for use by teachers in personnel training. Key words: the Euro-Atlantic integration, border guards, integrated training, NATO standards, interoperability.
Planificación lingüística de baixa intensidade: o caso galego
Authors: Lorenzo Suárez Anxo M.
Published: November 2021

O obxectivo deste traballo céntrase na presentación e valoración do modelo de política lingüística que se desenvolveu en Galicia desde os poderes públicos galegos para a revitalización social da lingua galega, desde 1980 ata a actualidade. Argumentamos que o modelo galego de política lingüística institucional está baseado nunha acción lingüística pouco intervencionista e na realización dunha planificación lingüística de baixa intensidade, posta en marcha a partir dunha determinada interpretación da situación sociolingüística da lingua galega, dunha determinada ideoloxía lingüística e dunha concepción das prácticas planificadoras centrada no intento de non provocar ningún tipo de conflitividade na sociedade galega por motivos lingüísticos.