bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Numerical Study on the Influence of Nanosilica‐Reinforced Epoxy Resin on the Delamination Behavior of Composite Laminates
Authors: Russo Angela , Sellitto Andrea , Acanfora Valerio , Zarrelli Mauro , Riccio Aniello
Published: August 2022

The use of nanomodified epoxy resins can potentially increase composites application to aeronautical structural components, thanks to the potential enhancement, in terms of physical and mechanical properties, when compared to the neat epoxy matrix. In this work, the effects of silica nanoparticles (NPs) on the fracture toughness and, consequently, the crack growth resistance of fiber‐reinforced polymers (FRPs) have been numerically investigated. The skin‐stringer debonding initiation and growth have been studied by a tailored innovative numerical procedure considering an aeronautical panel reinforced with a single T‐shape stringer, made of carbon fibers/epoxy resin material, and subjected to compressive load. An analytical model has been used to evaluate the Mode I fracture toughness value of the nanomodified resin, and the Virtual Crack Closure Technique methodology has been employed to assess the delamination growth in the frame of a Finite Elements (FE) analysis performed in the Ansys FE environment. Numerical results presenting the comparison between charged and neat configurations have been assessed to provide a first understanding of the influence of nanoparticles on the static delamination growth in geometrically complex composite structures.
Numerical Investigation on the Impact Resistance of a Hydrogen Fuel Tank
Authors: Perfetto Donato , De Luca Alessandro , Caputo Francesco , Lamanna Giuseppe
Published: August 2022

In near future, the main challenge is to reduce the use of fossil fuels that currently emit the bulk of global CO2 emissions, responsible of the global warming and climate change. Hydrogen, as a future fuel candidate, would play a significant role for net‐zero emission requirements. As a matter of fact, new hydrogen tank design is needed to bring this technology to the readiness level. This paper aims to investigate on the impact resistance of a hybrid aluminum‐composite hydrogen tank. In particular, the paper presents the development of two finite element (FE) models for the simulation of two impact scenarios experimentally investigated and proposed in literature. The models provided acceptable levels of accuracy with consequent benefits in supporting designers in the certification process of such device type.
Investigation of the Mechanical Properties of Ti6Al4v Components Made in Additive Manufacturing
Authors: Vassallo Francesca , Caputo Francesco , Scognamiglio Ciro , Lamanna Giuseppe
Published: August 2022

The aim of this study is to investigate the mechanical properties of the specimens made of Ti6Al4V titanium alloy with EBM additive technology. Tensile tests on the component are carried out on “dog bone” specimens, of fixed dimensions, printed with orientations of 0°, 45°, and 90°. The results of the experimental campaign confirm the influence printing parameters of the technology on the mechanical performance of the components. Subsequently, the numerical‐structural analysis carried out on the Octet‐Truss elementary cell in Ti6Al4V titanium alloy shows that the mechanical behavior of the cell is influenced by the material growth orientation and confirmed that the orientation of 45° guarantees cells more resistant to loads of traction, while the orientations of 0° and 90° make up more deformable cells. The investigation of the mechanical properties of the components involved specimens with a solid material configuration and specimens is emptied by means of reticular structures. The results of the survey are compared with the same volume and with the same analysis. Direct observation of the stress–strain curves reveals a difference in the value of the elastic modulus, resulting in a linear section of the curve that is less steep in the case of the assembled component. The choice of the printing parameters is a crucial point in the construction process of the components made in Additive Manufacturing since, as confirmed by this study, the parameters of the technology influence the properties of the material and therefore of the printed component. Secondly, exploiting the potential of additive technologies in creating structures with complex geometry (such as lattice structures), offers the possibility, not only to reduce the weight of the components, but also to improve the final performance.
Altered Medial Prefrontal Connectivity in Parkinson's Disease Patients with Somatic Symptoms
Authors: Delli Pizzi Stefano , Franciotti Raffaella , Chiacchiaretta Piero , Ferretti Antonio , Edden Richard A. , Sestieri Carlo , Russo Mirella , Sensi Stefano L. , Onofrj Marco
Published: August 2022

Background

The high co‐occurrence of somatic symptom disorder (SSD) in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients suggests overlapping pathophysiology. However, little is known about the neural correlates of SSD and their possible interactions with PD. Existing studies have shown that SSD is associated with reduced task‐evoked activity in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), a central node of the default‐mode network (DMN). SSD is also associated with abnormal γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) content, a marker of local inhibitory tone and regional hypoactivity, in the same area when SSD co‐occurs with PD.

Objectives

To disentangle the individual and shared effects of SSD and PD on mPFC neurotransmission and connectivity patterns and help disclose the neural mechanisms of comorbidity in the PD population.

Methods

The study cohort included 18 PD patients with SSD (PD + SSD), 18 PD patients, 13 SSD patients who did not exhibit neurologic disorders, and 17 healthy subjects (HC). Proton magnetic resonance (MR) spectroscopy evaluated GABA levels within a volume of interest centered on the mPFC. Resting‐state functional MR imaging investigated the region's functional connectivity patterns.

Results

Compared to HC or PD groups, the mPFC of SSD subjects exhibited higher GABA levels and connectivity. Higher mPFC connectivity involved DMN regions in SSD patients without PD and regions of the executive and attentional networks (EAN) in patients with PD comorbidity.

Conclusions

Aberrant reconfigurations of connectivity patterns between the mPFC and the EAN are distinct features of the PD + SSD comorbidity. © 2022 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Plankton growth dynamic driven by plankton body size in deterministic and stochastic environments
Authors: Liao Tiancai
Published: August 2022

In this paper, we establish a new phytoplankton–zooplankton model by considering the effects of plankton body size and stochastic environmental fluctuations. Mathematical theory work mainly gives the existence of boundary and positive equilibria and shows their local as well as global stability in the deterministic model. Additionally, we explore the dynamics of V‐geometric ergodicity, stochastic ultimate boundedness, stochastic permanence, persistence in the mean, stochastic extinction, and the existence of a unique ergodic stationary distribution in the corresponding stochastic version. Numerical simulation work mainly reveals that plankton body size can generate great influences on the interactions between phytoplankton and zooplankton, which in turn proves the effectiveness of mathematical theory analysis. It is worth emphasizing that for the small value of phytoplankton cell size, the increase of zooplankton body size can not change the phytoplankton density or zooplankton density; for the middle value of phytoplankton cell size, the increase of zooplankton body size can decrease zooplankton density or phytoplankton density; for the large value of phytoplankton cell size, the increase of zooplankton body size can increase zooplankton density but decrease phytoplankton density. Besides, it should be noted that the increase of zooplankton body size cannot affect the effect of random environmental disturbance, while the increase of phytoplankton cell size can weaken its effect. There results may enrich the dynamics of phytoplankton‐zooplankton models.
Macronutrient Ratio Modification in a Semi-Purified Diet Composition: Effects on Growth and Body Composition of Juvenile Zebrafish Danio rerio
Authors: Williams Michael B. , Dennis-Cornelius Lacey N. , Miyasaki Nathan D. , Barry Robert J. , Powell Mickie L. , Makowsky Robert A. , Fowler Lauren A. , Watts Stephen A. , Smith Daniel L.
Published: August 2022

The interaction of dietary macronutrients in the control of growth, body composition, health, and longevity has received renewed attention. The protein leverage hypothesis proposes an inverse relationship between dietary protein levels and obesity development (low protein promoting high obesity), although the majority of laboratory studies have utilized a design modulating the protein amount within a single dietary protein source composition. We investigated whether varying the levels of dietary protein amount and sources would have impacts on growth and body composition using the Zebrafish Danio rerio model. At 28 d postfertilization, Zebrafish were fed 1 of 12 dietary treatments for 12 weeks. Diets contained different protein sources (fish protein hydrolysate [FPH], soy protein isolate [SOY], casein [CAS], or a mixture of all three sources including wheat gluten [MIX]). Sources were formulated at three protein concentrations (18, 33, or 48% as fed, substituted with wheat starch for caloric balance). Body length, height, and weight were measured over time and at termination. Contributions of macronutrients to growth and body fat outcomes were estimated by LASSO (least absolute shrinkage and selection operator) regression. Male and female length, height, and weight increased significantly in response to increasing dietary protein. Male and female fish fed SOY or FPH had the highest amount of body lipid at all protein concentrations relative to those fed CAS or MIX. Relative body lipid was highest in fish that were fed the lowest protein concentration. These data suggest an important role of macronutrient balances, including dietary protein amount and source, in relation to the protein: energy (carbohydrate and lipid) ratio on growth and body composition outcomes. These outcomes may ultimately reflect metabolic alterations that can lead to confounding interpretations of health and disease status. Furthermore, these data reinforce the need to consider and report dietary composition in establishing rigorous and reproducible nutritional guidelines for Zebrafish.
Exploring concomitant pelvic floor symptoms in community‐dwelling females and males
Authors: Knol‐de Vries Grietje E. , Malmberg G. G. Alec , Notenboom‐Nas Françoise J. M. , Voortman Danny B. H. , de Groot Anouk , Dekker Janny H. , van Koeveringe Gommert A. , Leusink Peter , Bosch Marlies , Slieker‐ten Hove Marijke C. Ph. , Keuken Debby G. , Blanker Marco H.
Published: August 2022

Objectives

Researchers and clinicians tend to focus on one pelvic floor symptom (PFS) at the time. However, the pelvic floor acts as one functional unit, increasing the likelihood of concurrent PFS in patients with pelvic floor dysfunction. There is also a paucity of literature on the prevalence of concomitant PFS, especially in males. Therefore, we explored the occurrence of concomitant PFS in community‐dwelling males and females.

Materials and Methods

This prospective observational population‐based cohort study included males and females aged ≥16 years from a single Dutch municipality. Participants completed validated questionnaires on lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS), defecation problems, sexual dysfunction, pelvic pain, and pelvic organ prolapse. Medical general practitioner records were examined. Furthermore, a randomly selected group of non‐responders aged <80 years received a short questionnaire, to study response bias.

Results

We invited 11 724 people, among which 839 females and 566 males completed the questionnaires. Of the female participants, 286 (34.1%) reported no PFS, and 251 (29.9%) reported two or more PFS. The most prevalent PFS clusters in females were sexual dysfunction and pelvic pain, sexual dysfunction and defecation problems, LUTS and defecation problems, and LUTS, defecation problems, and pelvic pain. Of the male participants, 212 (37.5%) reported no PFS, and 191 (33.7%) reported two or more PFS. The most prevalent clusters in males were sexual dysfunction and LUTS, defecation problems and LUTS, and sexual dysfunction, LUTS, and defecation problems.

Conclusion

A considerable overlap existed between PFS, with differences in PFS clusters between females and males. Of note, females reported pelvic pain more than males. We conclude that healthcare providers should address all PFS in males and females.
White matter microstructure and longitudinal relaxation time anisotropy in human brain at 3 and 7 T
Authors: Kauppinen Risto A. , Thotland Jeromy , Pisharady Pramod K. , Lenglet Christophe , Garwood Michael
Published: August 2022

A high degree of structural order by white matter (WM) fibre tracts creates a physicochemical environment where water relaxations are rendered anisotropic. Recently, angularly dependent longitudinal relaxation has been reported in human WM. We have characterised interrelationships between T1 relaxation and diffusion MRI microstructural indices at 3 and 7 T. Eleven volunteers consented to participate in the study. Multishell diffusion MR images were acquired with b‐values of 0/1500/3000 and 0/1000/2000 s/mm2 at 1.5 and 1.05 mm3 isotropic resolutions at 3 and 7 T, respectively. DTIFIT was used to compute DTI indices; the fibre‐to‐field angle (θFB) maps were obtained using the principal eigenvector images. The orientations and volume fractions of multiple fibre populations were estimated using BedpostX in FSL, and the orientation dispersion index (ODI) was estimated using the NODDI protocol. MP2RAGE was used to acquire images for T1 maps at 1.0 and 0.9 mm3 isotropic resolutions at 3 and 7 T, respectively. At 3 T, T1 as a function of θFB in WM with high fractional anisotropy and one‐fibre orientation volume fraction or low ODI shows a broad peak centred at 50o, but a flat baseline at 0o and 90o. The broad peak amounted up to 7% of the mean T1. At 7 T, the broad peak appeared at 40o and T1 in fibres running parallel to B0 was longer by up to 75 ms (8.3% of the mean T1) than in those perpendicular to the field. The peak at 40o was approximately 5% of mean T1 (i.e., proportionally smaller than that at 54o at 3 T). The data demonstrate T1 anisotropy in WM with high microstructural order at both fields. The angular patterns are indicative of the B0‐dependency of T1 anisotropy. Thus myelinated WM fibres influence T1 contrast both by acting as a T1 contrast agent and rendering T1 dependent on fibre orientation with B0.
Assessing muscle‐specific potassium concentrations in human lower leg using potassium magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Gast Lena V. , Baier Laura‐Marie , Chaudry Oliver , Meixner Christian R. , Müller Max , Engelke Klaus , Uder Michael , Heiss Rafael , Nagel Armin M.
Published: August 2022

Noninvasively assessing tissue potassium concentrations (TPCs) using potassium magnetic resonance imaging (39K MRI) could give valuable information on physiological processes connected to various pathologies. However, because of inherently low 39K MR image resolution and strong signal blurring, a reliable measurement of the TPC is challenging. The aim of this work was to investigate the feasibility of a muscle‐specific TPC determination with a focus on the influence of a varying residual quadrupolar interaction in human lower leg muscles. The quantification accuracy of a muscle‐specific TPC determination was first assessed using simulated 39K MRI data. In vivo 39K and corresponding sodium (23Na) MRI data of healthy lower leg muscles (n = 14, seven females) were acquired on a 7‐T MR system using a double‐resonant 23Na/39K birdcage Tx/Rx RF coil. Additional 1H MR images were acquired on a 3‐T MR system and used for tissue segmentation. Quantification of TPC was performed after a region‐based partial volume correction (PVC) using five external reference phantoms. Simulations not only underlined the importance of PVC for correctly assessing muscle‐specific TPC values, but also revealed the strong impact of a varying residual quadrupolar interaction between different muscle regions on the measured TPC. Using 39K T2* decay curves, we found significantly higher residual quadrupolar interaction in tibialis anterior muscle (TA; ωq = 194 ± 28 Hz) compared with gastrocnemius muscle (medial/lateral head, GM/GL; ωq = 151 ± 25 Hz) and soleus muscle (SOL; ωq = 102 ± 32 Hz). If considered in the PVC, TPC in individual muscles was similar (TPC = 98 ± 11/96 ± 14/99 ± 8/100 ± 12 mM in GM/GL/SOL/TA). Comparison with tissue sodium concentrations suggested that residual quadrupolar interactions might also influence the 23Na MRI signal of lower leg muscles. A TPC determination of individual lower leg muscles is feasible and can therefore be applied in future studies. Considering a varying residual quadrupolar interaction for PVC of 39K MRI data is essential to reliably assess potassium concentrations in individual muscles.
What school nurses strive to achieve for themselves in order to remain in practice: A qualitative study
Authors: Mæland Linda Horne , Oftedal Bjørg Frøysland , Kristoffersen Margareth
Published: August 2022

Aim

This study aims to describe and interpret what it is school nurses strive to achieve for themselves in order to remain in practice.

Design

A qualitative study with a hermeneutic approach.

Method

The data were collected by means of in‐depth interviews with 15 Norwegian school nurses on two separate occasions and analysed using a phenomenological hermeneutic method.

Results

The analysis resulted in the following themes: (1) trusting your own professional ability, (2) aspiring to appreciation and (3) accomplishing self‐care. These themes were reflected in the school nurses' choices and actions and were regarded as an expression of what was of value to them as a nurse. Thus, the nurses' realizing what they strived to achieve for themselves can comprehensively be understood as a good of higher value for their remaining in nursing practice.
Intrastate applicability of National Census Response Rate Models: The case of the 2020 Census in the state of Illinois, United States
Authors: Shin Jaeyong , Zandiatashbar Ahoura , Massey Dean , Rozhkov Anton , Smith Janet , Zellner Moira
Published: August 2022

For the 2020 Census, the U.S. Census Bureau developed the Low Response Score (LRS) to predict census self‐response participation. Based on a previous hard‐to‐count metric, which accounts for people who are difficult to survey or count, the LRS was undoubtedly an improvement over previous census effort. However, census response behaviour can be sensitive to inter‐ and intrastate locational and socioeconomic differences; in other words, geographic differences should be accounted for prediction. In this study, we strive to assess the assumption that geographic difference influences census participation and is one of the key factors in predictive models. The framework presented in this study is composed of three steps: (i) detecting the geographic differences in census participation;  (ii) building a statistical model to estimate impact of geographic difference on response rates; and (iii) comparing the model results with actual final self‐response rates of the 2020 Census to suggest policy implications. Our findings confirmed that geographic differences in census participation matter, independent of socioeconomic and demographic characteristics. The results show that the combined impacts of sociodemographic and geographic factors are important in estimating census participation. Our findings also show high accuracy in predicting census responses with a parsimonious model that includes variables for geographic differences. The results suggest a localized approach with consideration of the geographic differences, as well as different populations and neighbourhoods within a state to tailor outreach campaigns for greater effectiveness and impact.
Neighbourhood effects on early adulthood family life courses: A trajectory‐based approach
Authors: Buyukkececi Zafer
Published: August 2022

This study maps early adulthood family life courses from ages 15 to 28 and tests whether they are causally linked to neighbourhood conditions with an instrumental strategy in the United States using Add Health data. Results show that the risk of sorting into pathways typified by early childbearing regardless of relationship status was higher in disadvantaged neighbourhoods. The instrumental variable strategy further showed that pathways characterized by single parenthood and early marriage with multiple children increased significantly with neighbourhood disadvantage, whereas other significant associations disappeared in these analyses. Overall, the results highlight the importance of considering multiple family events as a process outcome to understand the impact of neighbourhood conditions. Indeed, neighbourhood deprivation may lead to life courses associated with nonconventional outcomes. While some of the observed neighbourhood effects may be driven by selection bias in the United States, not all effects are necessarily due to selection and depend on the longitudinal family trajectories. These results were supported by several robustness tests, including the use of an alternative instrumental variable, as the main models suggested weak identification.
Cross‐border marriages in pre‐ and post‐handover Hong Kong
Authors: Lui Hon‐Kwong
Published: August 2022

Given the ever‐increasing economic and social ties with the Mainland, Hong Kong‐Mainland cross‐border marriage patterns experienced significant changes after the handover. The proportion of cross‐border marriages only accounted for 2% of marriages registered in Hong Kong in the pre‐handover period but jumped to 34.7% after the handover. This study examines the impact of stronger economic ties and weakened social and cultural boundaries on the patterns of assortative mating in cross‐border marriages. As most of the cross‐border workers from Hong Kong are males, they have increasing opportunities for social interaction with Mainland women in communities and social circles in the Mainland. After the handover, the language skills of residents on both sides showed significant improvement and this can enhance the possibility of finding a marriage partner across the border. Empirical results suggest a weaker positive assortative mating in respect of age and educational attainment among Hong Kong husband‐Mainland wife couples after the handover. Previous studies suggest that marital partner selection reflects the strength of social boundaries and the strength of these boundaries should be stronger for cross‐border marriages. The results of this paper support the view that stronger economic ties and weakened social and cultural boundaries do promote cross‐border marriages and negative assortative mating in these marriages.
Crocin molecular signaling pathways at a glance: A comprehensive review
Authors: Boozari Motahareh , Hosseinzadeh Hossein
Published: August 2022

Crocin is a hydrophilic carotenoid that is synthesized in the flowers of theCrocusgenus. Numerous in vitro and in vivo research projects have been published about the biological and pharmacological properties and toxicity of crocin. Crocin acts as a memory enhancer, anxiolytic, aphrodisiac, antidepressant, neuroprotective, and so on. Here, we introduce an updated and comprehensive review of crocin molecular mechanisms based on previously examined and mentioned in the literature. Different studies confirmed the significant effect of crocin to control pathological conditions, including oxidative stress, inflammation, metabolic disorders, neurodegenerative disorders, and cancer. The neuroprotective effect of crocin could be related to the activation of phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/AKT)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), Notch, and cyclic‐AMP response element‐binding protein signaling pathways. The crocin also protects the cardiovascular system through the inhibitory effect on toll‐like receptors. The regulatory effect of crocin on PI3K/AKT/mTOR, AMP‐activated protein kinase, mitogen‐activated protein kinases (MAPK), and peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor pathways can play an effective role in the treatment of metabolic disorders. The crocin has anticancer activity through the PI3K/AKT/mTOR, MAPK, vascular endothelial growth factor, Wnt/β‐catenin, and Janus kinases‐signal transducer and activator of transcription suppression. Also, the nuclear factor‐erythroid factor 2‐related factor 2 and p53 signaling pathway activation may be effective in the anticancer effect of crocin. Finally, among signaling pathways regulated by crocin, the most important ones seem to be those related to the regulatory effect on the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway.
Did court dismiss student's free speech claim?
Authors: Lyerly Eric
Published: August 2022

A Metropolitan State University of Denver student had an eye condition that required her to sit in the front of a classroom to read the white board. The student arrived late to a chemistry class and sat on the floor near the front when all other seats were occupied. The professor paused the lecture and instructed the student to take a seat. The student informed the professor of her eye condition, and the professor asked other students to leave the front row so the student could sit.
Noninferiority testing with censoring when the event rate is low
Authors: Gallagher Shannon K. , Wang Jing , Lumbard Keith , Dodd Lori E. , Proschan Michael
Published: August 2022

The PREDICT TB trial tests noninferiority of an abbreviated treatment regimen (arm A) vs a conventional treatment regimen (arm C). Treatment trials of drug‐susceptible tuberculosis are expected to have low event rates (ie, relapse probabilities around 3‐5%). We examine the question of what is the “best” way to test for noninferiority in a setting with low event rates. In a series of simulations supported by theoretical arguments, we examine operating characteristics of five tests, including normal approximation, exact, and simulation‐based tests. Two of these tests are constructed from Kaplan–Meier based‐estimators, which account for variable follow‐up time (and those lost to follow‐up). We evaluate the effect of loss to follow‐up via simulations. We also examine the results of the five tests on a data set similar to PREDICT TB, the REMoxTB trial. We find that the normal approximation tests perform well, albeit with small type I error rate inflation. We also find that the Kaplan–Meier methods generally have larger power than the other tests, especially when there is between 10‐30% loss to follow‐up.
Evaluating the Effect of Nanosized CoCuFe2O4 for Thermal Decomposition of Nitrotriazolone High Energetic Material
Authors: Dave Pragnesh N , Sirach Ruksana , Deshpande Milind P.
Published: August 2022

Wet chemical synthesis was used to produce nanosize Cobalt‐Copper‐Ferrite (CoCuFe2O4 or CCF), which was then analyzed using X‐ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Infrared spectroscopy (IR), and Raman spectroscopy. The impact of synthesized CCF on the thermal decomposition of the insensitive high energetic material namely 3‐nitro‐2,4‐dihydro‐1,2,4‐triazol‐5‐one (NTO) at the micron (NTO) and nanoscales (nNTO) was investigated using thermal analysis data acquired at 5, 10, and 15 °C min−1 heating rates. Non‐isothermal approaches such as Kissinger‐Akahira‐Sunose (KAS), Flynn‐Wall‐Ozawa (FWO), and iterative methods were utilized to determine the kinetic parameters of the decomposition process. The findings indicate that CCF can affect both the onset and peak temperature of micro as well as nanosize NTO. The activation energy of nNTO containing 5 % by mass CCF (nNTO:CCF) was much lower than that of pure NTO and the log A value proposed a quicker nNTO :CCF decomposition. nNTO:CCF has the potential to replace NTO in energetic formulations comprising NTO
Schumpeter vs. Keynes redux: “Still not dead”
Authors: Dalton John T. , Gaeto Lillian R.
Published: August 2022

Diamond's study compares the citation time series for Schumpeter and Keynes from 1956 to 2006. Citations to Schumpeter steadily increase throughout the period, whereas citations to Keynes begin to level off and then trend slightly downward beginning in the 1990s. As a result, citations to Schumpeter begin to outstrip those to Keynes. This paper replicates Diamond's study and extends the analysis to 2017, incorporating citations since the onset of the Great Recession. The replication confirms the results in Diamond's study. The analysis beyond 2006 shows citations to Schumpeter remain larger than to Keynes, but citations to Keynes undergo a resurgence due to the Great Recession. Google Trends data for Schumpeter and Keynes are compared and provide evidence showing the heightened interest in Keynes during the Great Recession. For example, in the United States, the peak of Keynes's search interest occurs in February 2009, 5 months after Lehman Brothers declared bankruptcy.
Prediction using T2‐weighted magnetic resonance imaging‐based radiomics of residual uterine myoma regrowth after high‐intensity focused ultrasound ablation
Authors: Zhou Y. , Zhang J. , Chen J. , Yang C. , Gong C. , Li C. , Li F.
Published: August 2022

Objectives

To develop and evaluate magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)‐based radiomics models for predicting residual myoma regrowth within 1 year after high‐intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) ablation of uterine myomas.

Methods

A retrospective analysis of residual myoma regrowth within 1 year was performed on 428 myomas in 339 patients who were diagnosed with uterine myoma and treated with HIFU ablation in two hospital centers. In total, 851 radiomics features were extracted from T2‐weighted images (T2WI) obtained 1 day after HIFU ablation, and the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator in the training cohort (n = 243) was employed to select radiomics features. Support vector machines were adopted to develop radiomics, clinicoradiological and combined radiomics–clinical models to predict residual myoma regrowth, defined as an increase in residual myoma volume of > 10% between that at day 1 post HIFU and that at follow‐up MRI within 1 year. These models were validated in both internal (n = 81) and external (n = 104) test cohorts. The predictive performance and clinical application of these models were assessed using receiver‐operating‐characteristics‐curve analysis, the area under the curve (AUC) and decision‐curve analysis.

Results

The AUCs of the T2WI‐based radiomics prediction model in the internal and external test cohorts were 0.834 (95% CI, 0.747–0.920) and 0.801 (95% CI, 0.712–0.889), respectively, and those of the clinicoradiological model were 0.888 (95% CI, 0.816–0.960) and 0.912 (95% CI, 0.851–0.973), respectively. The combined model had better predictive performance than either the radiomics or the clinicoradiological model, with AUC values of 0.922 (95% CI, 0.857–0.987) and 0.930 (95% CI, 0.880–0.980) in the internal and external test cohorts, respectively. Decision‐curve analysis also indicated that application of the combined model has clinical value, this model achieving more net benefits than the other two models.

Conclusion

T2WI‐based radiomics features can predict effectively the occurrence of residual myoma regrowth within 1 year after HIFU ablation of uterine myomas, which serves as an accurate and convenient reference for clinical decision‐making. © 2022 The Authors. Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.
Researching the Management of Family Farms: Promote Planning or Bolster Bricolage?
Authors: Darnhofer Ika
Published: August 2022

In research, farm management may be approached from the perspective of economic rationality or studied using sociologically-inflected approaches. This article invites researchers to reflect upon the – often implicit – assumptions underlying their chosen research approach, regarding the rationality of family farmers and the dynamics of the broader context in which they manage their farm. To illustrate how different these assumptions may be, the article contrasts two ideal types, economic versus peasant rationality. They can be linked to different worldviews and lead to distinct recommendations for farm management: while one builds on a mechanistic worldview and promotes planning, the other builds on a complexity worldview and bolsters bricolage. Being aware of the assumptions underlying our research is important, not least given the performativity of research.
Contingent Valuation: How Opportunity Costs Influence the Stated Willingness to Pay
Authors: Morawetz Ulrich B. , Koemle Dieter
Published: August 2022

The contingent valuation method is often used to estimate the willingness to pay for changes in a public good (e.g., water quality, public transport or food safety). We show how the stated willingness to pay changes when respondents to a contingent valuation survey believe their response affects not only the provision of the public good offered, but also the provision of an alternative public good in case the government cannot provide both goods. Empirical evidence suggests that at least 10 % of respondents consider alternative public goods when responding to contingent valuation surveys. Consequently, practitioners need to make sure that respondents are not influenced by the value of alternative public goods.
Energy Prosumers’ Spillovers and the Policy Effect: Comparing Two Alpine Valleys in Styria and South Tyrol
Authors: Braito Michael
Published: August 2022

The article identifies and compares spillover effects of prosumers (electricity producers and consumers) in different incentive regimes. Prosumers are expected to reduce their energy consumption and increase their environmentally friendly behavior. Such spillover effects are promising for sustainability initiatives – however, researchers have not demonstrated these behavioral effects consistently. I hypothesize that these inconsistent results are related to how households were induced to become prosumers in the first place. To test this hypothesis, prosumers and non-prosumers of different incentive regimes are compared. Statistics show that monetary incentives can lead to adverse spillover effects and that collective prosumers generate the strongest positive spillovers. Results encourage sustainability initiatives to offset financial benefits to promote sustainable lifestyles.
Architektur der Vermarktlichung: Die Institutionalisierung und Konstitutionalisierung des Wettbewerbsprinzips
Authors: Jaehrling Karen , Stiehm Christin
Published: August 2022

Ab dem Ende der 1980er Jahre wurden in der öffentlichen Auftragsvergabe auf europäischer und nationaler Ebene Marktprinzipien intensiviert, in Form einer Verdichtung und forcierten Durchsetzung von wettbewerbsschützenden Regeln. Diese Vermarktlichung erfolgt im Modus der Verrechtlichung, also gestützt auf Verfahren, Akteure und Doktrine des Rechtssystems. Die verschiedenen Facetten dieser Entwicklung – etwa die Einführung neuer Regeln und Instanzen des Bieterschutzes, oder die regulative Expansion und Vervielfältigung von Detailregeln, welche die Entscheidungsspielräume von nationaler Politik und Vergabepraxis verringern – kommt einer Institutionalisierung und Quasi-Konstitutionalisierung des Wettbewerbsprinzips gleich, die in dieser Qualität neu ist.
Sozialpolitisierung: Der Einzug von sozialen Kriterien ins Vergaberecht
Authors: Jaehrling Karen , Stiehm Christin
Published: August 2022

Nahezu zeitgleich zum Beginn der Vermarktlichung  hat auch das Ringen um den Stellenwert sozialer und anderer ‚vergabefremder‘ Ziele eingesetzt. Diese ‚Sozialpolitisierung‘ erfolgt im Modus der Politisierung – also gestützt auf Verfahren, Akteure und Ziel-Programme des politischen Systems. Im Ergebnis öffnen die jüngsten Gesetzesreformen und Gerichtsurteile auf europäischer Ebene die öffentliche Auftragsvergabe mehr denn je für soziale Zwecke, heben den Konflikt zwischen Wettbewerbsschutz und sozialen Zielen allerdings nicht auf. Vielmehr ist es hier gewissermaßen zu einer Institutionalisierung des Nebeneinanders von Vermarktlichung und Sozialpolitisierung gekommen.
Efficiency of Surface Monitoring Layouts for Retrieving Accurate Moment Tensors in Hydraulic Fracturing Experiments
Authors: Ren Yi , Vavryčuk Václav , Gao Yongtao , Wu Shunchuan , Gan Yixiong
Published: August 2022

We study the sensor layouts of surface monitoring systems for injection areas in hydraulic fracturing experiments, which maximize the accuracy of retrieved moment tensors. The moment tensors (MTs) are determined using noisy synthetic P-wave amplitudes of microearthquakes with varying mechanisms. An optimum sensor layout is searched by minimizing a difference between the true and inverted MTs. First, we tested the efficiency of the circular networks. We focused on one-circle and two-circle layouts of various sizes and numbers of sensors on each circle and with their centre in the epicentral region. The results show that the optimal layout for events distributed within a circular epicentral area is characterized by: (1) one sensor fixed in the centre of the area; (2) about 1/10 of the total number of sensors gathered near the centre; and (3) the rest of sensors evenly distributed on a circle surrounding the area with the take-off angle of 135°. In homogeneous media, this angle corresponds to the radius of the circle comparable with depth of microearthquakes. Second, we compared the efficiency of the circular layout with other layouts: regular-grid, star-shaped and uniform focal-sphere layouts. Taking 25 sensors and 81 sensors as examples, we show that the two-circle layout is always the best, which means that we can achieve more accurate MTs using the circular layout than with other layouts, if the number of sensors in the experiment is fixed. This contradicts a common opinion that networks, which cover the target area, work equally well irrespective of their layout.
Polyadic random fields
Authors: Malyarenko Anatoliy , Ostoja-Starzewski Martin
Published: August 2022

The paper considers mean-square continuous, wide-sense homogeneous, and isotropic random fields taking values in a linear space of polyadics. We find a set of such fields whose values are symmetric and positive-definite dyadics, and outline a strategy for their simulation.
Inhibitory effects of methanol extracts from Fallopia japonica and F. × bohemica rhizomes and selected phenolic compounds on radish germination and root growth
Authors: Šoln Katarina , Horvat Monika , Iskra Jernej , Dolenc Koce Jasna
Published: August 2022

Allelopathic plants release secondary compounds into the soil that then suppress the growth of nearby plants. Allelopathy has been shown for the invasive Japanese knotweed (Fallopia japonica) and Bohemian knotweed (F. × bohemica). The aggressive and dominant invaders represent a serious threat to the local plant communities outside their native range. Here, we analysed the phenols in the knotweed rhizomes using nuclear magnetic resonance. We also evaluated the allelopathic potential of methanol extracts of F. japonica and F. × bohemica rhizomes and compared these with the effects of the individual knotweed phenols resveratrol, epicatechin and emodin, and their mixture. Rhizomes of both knotweeds contained similar amounts of epicatechin and emodin, with 24% higher resveratrol in F. × bohemica. Only the F. × bohemica methanol extract inhibited radish (Raphanus sativus) seed germination. After 3 days of treatments with 10% (w/v) extracts of both knotweeds, radish seedlings showed up to 70% shorter roots. In contrast, root growth of seedlings treated with the individual phenols resveratrol, epicatechin and emodin, and their mixture, was inhibited by up to 30%, similar to the 1% knotweed extracts. Biochemical parameters of oxidative stress also increased in the roots of treated seedlings, with high levels of malondialdehyde in particular indicating lipid peroxidation. Total antioxidative capacity was also increased in seedlings exposed to 0.6 mg/mL resveratrol and emodin. This study shows higher allelopathic potential of the knotweed methanol extracts compared to the individual phenols and their mixture.
Gabor frames for rational functions
Authors: Belov Yurii , Kulikov Aleksei , Lyubarskii Yurii
Published: August 2022

We study the frame properties of the Gabor systems $$\begin{aligned} {\mathfrak {G}}(g;\alpha ,\beta ):=\{e^{2\pi i \beta m x}g(x-\alpha n)\}_{m,n\in {\mathbb {Z}}}. \end{aligned}$$

G

(
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)

:
=

{

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2
π
i
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m
x

g

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)

}

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∈
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.

In particular, we prove that for Herglotz windows g such systems always form a frame for $$L^2({\mathbb {R}})$$

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2

(
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)

if $$\alpha ,\beta >0$$

α
,
β
>
0

, $$\alpha \beta \le 1$$

α
β
≤
1

. For general rational windows $$g\in L^2({\mathbb {R}})$$

g
∈

L
2

(
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)

we prove that $${\mathfrak {G}}(g;\alpha ,\beta )$$

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(
g
;
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,
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)

is a frame for $$L^2({\mathbb {R}})$$

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2

(
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if $$0<\alpha ,\beta $$

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<
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,
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, $$\alpha \beta <1$$

α
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<
1

, $$\alpha \beta \not \in {\mathbb {Q}}$$

α
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∉
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and $${\hat{g}}(\xi )\ne 0$$

g
^

(
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)

≠
0

, $$\xi >0$$

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>
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, thus confirming Daubechies conjecture for this class of functions. We also discuss some related questions, in particular sampling in shift-invariant subspaces of $$L^2({\mathbb {R}})$$

L
2

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.
Defining the canal for ischial and pubic screws in cup revision surgery
Authors: Brodt Steffen , Boersch Vincent , Strube Patrick , Wassilew Georgi , Matziolis Georg
Published: August 2022

Purpose

When revising acetabular cups, it is often necessary to provide additional stabilisation with screws. In extensive defect situations, the placement of screws caudally in the ischium and/or pubis is biomechanically advantageous. Especially after multiple revision operations, the surgeon is confronted with a reduced bone stock and unclear or altered anatomy. In addition, screw placement caudally is associated with greater risk. Therefore, the present study aims to identify and define safe zones for the placement of caudal acetabular screws.

Methods

Forty-three complete CT datasets were used for the evaluation. Sixty-three distinctive 3D points representing bone landmark of interests were defined. The coordinates of these points were then used to calculate all the parameters. For simplified visualisation and intra-operative reproducibility, an analogue clock was used, with 12 o’clock indicating cranial and 6 o’clock caudal.

Results

A consistent accumulation was found at around 4.5 ± 0.3 hours for the ischium and 7.9 ± 0.3 hours for the pubic bone.

Conclusions

The anatomy of the ischium and pubis is sufficiently constant to allow the positioning of screws in a standardised way. The interindividual variation is low — regardless of gender — so that the values determined can be used to position screws safely in the ischium and pubis. The values determined can provide the surgeon with additional orientation intra-operatively when placing caudal acetabular screws.
Displacement Effects of Conservation Grazing on Red Deer (Cervus elaphus) Spatial Behaviour
Authors: Weiss Fabio , Michler Frank Uwe , Gillich Benjamin , Tillmann Jörg , Ciuti Simone , Heurich Marco , Rieger Siegfried
Published: August 2022

Conservation grazing uses semi-feral or domesticated herbivores to limit encroachment in open areas and to promote biodiversity. However, we are still unaware of its effects on wild herbivores. This study investigates the influence of herded sheep and goats on red deer (Cervus elaphus) spatial behavior by testing three a-priori hypotheses: (i) red deer are expected to avoid areas used by livestock, as well as adjacent areas, when livestock are present, albeit (ii) red deer increase the use of these areas when sheep and goats are temporarily absent and (iii) there is a time-lagged disruption in red deer spatial behavior when conservation grazing practice ends. Using GPS-telemetry data on red deer from a German heathland area, we modelled their use of areas grazed by sheep and goats, using mixed-effect logistic regression. Additionally, we developed seasonal resource selection functions (use-availability design) to depict habitat selection by red deer before, during, and after conservation grazing. Red deer used areas less during conservation grazing throughout all times of the day and there was no compensatory use during nighttime. This effect mostly persisted within 21 days after conservation grazing. Effects on habitat selection of red deer were detectable up to 3000 meters away from the conservation grazing sites, with no signs of either habituation or adaption. For the first time, we demonstrate that conservation grazing can affect the spatio-temporal behavior of wild herbivores. Our findings are relevant for optimizing landscape and wildlife management when conservation grazing is used in areas where wild herbivores are present.
Characterization and Expression Analysis of Extradiol and Intradiol Dioxygenase of Phenol-Degrading Haloalkaliphilic Bacterial Isolates
Authors: Abbas Nasser H. , Elsayed Afaf , Hassan Hamdy A. , El-Sabbagh Sabha , Elbaz Ashraf F. , Khalil Hany
Published: August 2022

Haloalkophilic bacteria have a potential advantage as a bioremediation organism of high oil-polluted and industrial wastewater. In the current study, Haloalkaliphilic isolates were obtained from Hamralake, Wadi EL-Natrun, Egypt. The phenotype script, biochemical characters, and sequence analysis of bacterial-16S rRNA were used to identify the bacterial isolates; Halomonas HA1 and Marinobacter HA2. These strains required high concentrations of NaCl to ensure bacterial growth, especially Halomonas HA1 strain. Notably, both isolates can degrade phenol at optimal pH values, between 8 and 9, with the ability to grow in pH levels up to 11, like what was seen in the Halomonas HA1 strain. Moreover, both isolates represent two different mechanistic pathways for phenol degradation. Halomonas HA1 exploits the 1,2 phenol meta-cleavage pathway, while Marinobacter HA2 uses the 2,3 ortho-cleavage pathway as indicated by universal primers for 1,2 and 2,3 CTD genes. Interestingly, Marinobacter HA2 isolate eliminated the added phenol within an incubation period of 72 h, while the Halomonas HA1 isolate invested 96 h in degrading 84% of the same amount of phenol. Phylogenetic analysis of these 1,2 CTD (catechol dioxygenase) sequences clearly showed an evolutionary relationship between 1,2 dioxygenases of both Halomonadaceae and Pseudomonadaceae. In comparison, 2,3 CTD of Marinobacter HA2 shared the main domains of the closely related species. Furthermore, semi-quantitative RT-PCR analysis proved the constitutive expression pattern of both dioxygenase genes. These findings provide new isolates of Halomonas sp. and Marinobacter sp. that can degrade phenol at high salt and pH conditions via two independent mechanisms.