bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Optimising a urinary extraction method for non-targeted GC–MS metabolomics
Authors: Olivier Cara , Allen Bianca , Luies Laneke
Published: October 2023

Urine is ideal for non-targeted metabolomics, providing valuable insights into normal and pathological cellular processes. Optimal extraction is critical since non-targeted metabolomics aims to analyse various compound classes. Here, we optimised a low-volume urine preparation procedure for non-targeted GC–MS. Five extraction methods (four organic acid [OA] extraction variations and a “direct analysis” [DA] approach) were assessed based on repeatability, metabolome coverage, and metabolite recovery. The DA method exhibited superior repeatability, and achieved the highest metabolome coverage, detecting 91 unique metabolites from multiple compound classes comparatively. Conversely, OA methods may not be suitable for all non-targeted metabolomics applications due to their bias toward a specific compound class. In accordance, the OA methods demonstrated limitations, with lower compound recovery and a higher percentage of undetected compounds. The DA method was further improved by incorporating an additional drying step between two-step derivatization but did not benefit from urease sample pre-treatment. Overall, this study establishes an improved low-volume urine preparation approach for future non-targeted urine metabolomics applications using GC–MS. Our findings contribute to advancing the field of metabolomics and enable efficient, comprehensive analysis of urinary metabolites, which could facilitate more accurate disease diagnosis or biomarker discovery.
Evaluation of sleep quality and pruritus severity in psoriatic patients and their impact on quality of life: a cross section correlational study
Authors: Zaky Mohamed S. , Elgamal Emad Eldin A. , Abd Al Maksoud Ayman A. , Mohamed Dina H. , Elsaie Mohamed L.
Published: October 2023

Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory condition associated with genetic and immunological susceptibility. The objective of the study was to evaluate pruritus and sleep quality in correlation (r) to psoriasis severity and to detect their impact on quality of life. Two hundred (200) patients with psoriasis were included. Psoriasis severity was determined using the psoriasis area severity index (PASI), the quality of life (QoL) was assessed by the psoriasis disability index (PDI) questionnaire, and the sleep quality was evaluated by the Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI). Finally, the severity of itching was evaluated using a 12-item pruritus severity scale (PSS). Poor sleep quality was found in 16.0% of patients in this study. Poor sleep was detected among 50.0% of cases with severe psoriasis. PASI scores correlated significantly with sleep quality, duration and sleep disturbances (p < 0.001). The global PSQI and PASI were also significantly correlated (p = 0.004). In conclusion patients complaining of psoriasis exacerbated by pruritus and sleep problems demonstrated lower quality of life in all domains. Sleep disturbances and depressive symptoms impairing quality of life should be taken into consideration when screening patients suffering from psoriasis.
Brownfield redevelopment evaluation based on structure-process-outcome theory and continuous ordered weighted averaging operator-topology method
Authors: Jian He , Hao Hu , Haidan Jiang , Haize Pan , Chuan Liu
Published: October 2023

As an important part of urban renewal, brownfield restoration and renovation are of great significance to the sustainable development of cities. The structure-process-outcome theory was introduced into this study to improve the rationality and scientific vigor of the redevelopment assessment process and to evaluate whether brownfield sites meet the conditions for redevelopment. Based on this theory, the relationship among structures, processes and outcomes can be well elucidated. Specifically, a good structure should contribute to an effective process, which will increase the possibility of a favorable outcome. The basic conditions, practice principles, and result orientation in the whole procedure of brownfield redevelopment were comprehensively analyzed. In addition, a more complete and reasonable three-level evaluation index system for brownfield redevelopment was established. In order to reduce the subjectivity in the evaluation process, an unbiased scientific brownfield redevelopment evaluation model was constructed using the continuous ordered weighted averaging operator-topology method. The evaluation decision system was applied to the renovation of a tract project in Chengdu, China. The results proved that the model could effectively and accurately evaluate the quality level of the brownfield redevelopment project, and the proposed recommendations can provide a basis for decision-making.
Computer-aided diagnosis of chest X-ray for COVID-19 diagnosis in external validation study by radiologists with and without deep learning system
Authors: Miyazaki Aki , Ikejima Kengo , Nishio Mizuho , Yabuta Minoru , Matsuo Hidetoshi , Onoue Koji , Matsunaga Takaaki , Nishioka Eiko , Kono Atsushi , Yamada Daisuke , Oba Ken , Ishikura Reiichi , Murakami Takamichi
Published: October 2023

To evaluate the diagnostic performance of our deep learning (DL) model of COVID-19 and investigate whether the diagnostic performance of radiologists was improved by referring to our model. Our datasets contained chest X-rays (CXRs) for the following three categories: normal (NORMAL), non-COVID-19 pneumonia (PNEUMONIA), and COVID-19 pneumonia (COVID). We used two public datasets and private dataset collected from eight hospitals for the development and external validation of our DL model (26,393 CXRs). Eight radiologists performed two reading sessions: one session was performed with reference to CXRs only, and the other was performed with reference to both CXRs and the results of the DL model. The evaluation metrics for the reading session were accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and area under the curve (AUC). The accuracy of our DL model was 0.733, and that of the eight radiologists without DL was 0.696 ± 0.031. There was a significant difference in AUC between the radiologists with and without DL for COVID versus NORMAL or PNEUMONIA (p = 0.0038). Our DL model alone showed better diagnostic performance than that of most radiologists. In addition, our model significantly improved the diagnostic performance of radiologists for COVID versus NORMAL or PNEUMONIA.
Exploring immune related gene signatures and mechanisms linking non alcoholic fatty liver disease to atrial fibrillation through transcriptome data analysis
Authors: Wu Keke , Zhu Jiayi , Ma Yingxu , Zhou Yong , Lin Qiuzhen , Tu Tao , Liu Qiming
Published: October 2023

Atrial fibrillation (AF) and related cardiovascular complications pose a heavy burden to patients and society. Mounting evidence suggests a close association between nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and AF. NAFLD and AF transcriptomic datasets were obtained from GEO database and analyzed using several bioinformatics approaches. We established a NAFLD-AF associated gene diagnostic signature (NAGDS) using protein–protein interaction analysis and machine learning, which was further quantified through RT-qPCR. Potential miRNA targeting NAGDS were predicted. Gene modules highly correlated with NAFLD liver pathology or AF occurrence were identified by WGCNA. Enrichment analysis of the overlapped genes from key module revealed that T-cell activation plays essential roles in NAFLD and AF, which was further confirmed by immune infiltration. Furthermore, an integrated SVM-RFE and LASSO algorithm was used to identify CCL4, CD48, ITGB2, and RNASE6 as NAGDS, all of which were found to be upregulated in NAFLD and AF mouse tissues. Patients with higher NAGDS showed augmented T cell and macrophage immunity, more advanced liver pathological characteristics, and prolonged AF duration. Additionally, hsa-miR-26a-5p played a central role in the regulation of NAGDS. Our findings highlight the central role of T-cell immune response in linking NAFLD to AF, and established an accurate NAGDS diagnostic model, which could serve as potential targets for immunoregulatory therapy.
The effectiveness of the Wim Hof method on cardiac autonomic function, blood pressure, arterial compliance, and different psychological parameters
Authors: Ketelhut Sascha , Querciagrossa Dario , Bisang Xavier , Metry Xavier , Borter Eric , Nigg Claudio R.
Published: October 2023

The Wim Hof method (WHM) is a multi-disciplinary approach to physical and mental well-being combining cold exposure, breathing exercises, and meditation. This study evaluated the effects of a 15 days WHM intervention on cardiovascular parameters at rest and during a cold pressor test (CPT), as well as on various psychological parameters. Forty two participants were randomized into an intervention (IG) and a control group. Throughout the 15 days intervention, the IG performed the WHM daily. Before and after the intervention, systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP), pulse wave velocity (PWV), heart rate (HR), root mean sum of squared distance (RMSSD), and standard deviation of RR-intervals (SDNN) were assessed at rest and during a CPT. Furthermore, perceived stress (PSS), positive affect (PANAS+), negative affect (PANAS−), and subjective vitality (trait (SVSt) and state (SVSs)) was determined. No significant time × group interactions could be detected in HR (p = 0.709); RMSSD (p = 0.820), SDNN (p = 0.186), SBP (p = 0.839), DBP (p = 0.318), PWV (p = 0.983), PANAS+ (p = 0.427), PANAS− (p = 0.614), SVSt (p = 0.760), SVSs (p = 0.366), and PSS (p = 0.364). No significant time × group effects could be detected during the CPT (ΔHR: p = 0.596; ΔSBP: p = 0.366; ΔDBP: p = 0.999; ΔPWV: p = 0.635; perceived pain: p = 0.231). Performing the WHM daily did not exert positive effects on cardiovascular and psychological parameters.
A modification in Weibull parameters to achieve a more accurate probability distribution function in fatigue applications
Authors: Fakoor H. , Alizadeh Kaklar J.
Published: October 2023

Risk evaluation for fatigue failure of the engineering components is an important aspect of the engineering design. Weibull distributions are often used in preference to the log-normal distribution to analyze probability aspects of fatigue results. This study presents a probabilistic model for calculating Weibull distribution parameters to reduce the effect of percentage discretization error of experimental fatigue life and R–S–N curves for three reliability levels. By considering any result of standard fatigue test as an equivalent Weibull distribution, artificial data are generated and the accuracy of common Weibull distribution model can be improved. The results show error reduction in the Kolmogorov–Smirnov test and R-square values. Also, the Basquin model is used for different reliability levels with the same error order for risk evaluation of fatigue failure. The coefficient of variation for fatigue life increases at higher stress levels and has a linear relation with stress level for a high-cycle fatigue regime.
A cusp catastrophe model for analyzing sudden channel shifting in wandering reach of the Lower Yellow River
Authors: Zhang Xiangping , Jiang Enhui , Li Junhua , Zhang Tingkui , Lai Ruixun
Published: October 2023

Sudden channel shifting of wandering rivers poses significant challenges for river engineering, flood control strategies, and the security of water resources. This study proposes a novel analytical model to quantitatively assess such channel shifts based on the cusp catastrophe theory. Utilizing bathymetric data from 93 river sections collected biannually between 2015 and 2019, a comprehensive investigation of channel instability in the wandering reach of the Lower Yellow River was conducted. The results show that both lateral and longitudinal stabilities in the Huayuankou-Gaocun section were generally favorable. For the most part of the selected sections demonstrated a propensity for gradual change. Out of the 93 sections, totally 45 were identified as being susceptible to sudden channel shifts. These vulnerable sections were predominantly located in two highly active reaches—Xiaodabin-Jinglonggong and Huayuankou-Zhaolanzhuang—during the period from 2015 to 2017, excluding the 2018–2019 non-flood season. In the latter non-flood period, nearly half of the sections in the downstream reach from Jinglonggong displayed instability. Our findings are consistent closely with empirical observations from the Lower Yellow River. Additionally, the changed flow and sediment conditions in the 2015–2019 and the efficiency of guide works have significant effects on the stability of river channels.
Understanding the effect of Mn2+ on Yb3+/Er3+ co-doped NaYF4 upconversion and obtaining the optimal combination of these tridoping
Authors: Moghadam Reza Zarei , Dizagi Hamid Rezagholipour , Agren Hans , Ehsani Mohammad Hossein
Published: October 2023

In this work, we investigated in detail the upconversion properties of several types of nanoparticles, including NaYF4:5%Yb3+/30%Mn2+, NaYF4:40%Mn2+/x%Yb3+ (x% = 1, 5, 10, 20, 30, and 40), NaYF4:2%Er3+/x%Mn2+ (x% = 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, and 70), NaYF4:40%Mn2+/x%Er3+ (x% = 1, 2, 5, and 10), and NaYF4:40%Mn2+/1%Yb3+/x%Er3+ (x% = 0, 2, 5, and 10). We studied their upconversion emission under 980 nm excitation in both pulsed and continuous wave modes at different synthesis temperatures. The nanoparticles were characterized using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy. The doping of Yb3+ and Mn2+ ions resulted in the nanoparticles assuming cubic and hexagonal crystal structures. The emission intensity increased (106.4 (a.u.*103) to 334.4(a.u.*103)) with increasing synthesis temperature from 120 to 140 °C, while a sharp decrease was observed when the synthesis temperature was increased to 200 °C. The gradual decrease in peak intensity with increasing Mn2+ concentration from 20 to 70% was attributed to energy transfer from Mn2+ to Yb3+. In NaYF4:Mn2+/Yb3+/Er3+ UCNPs, increasing the Er3+ concentration from 0 to 10% led to the disappearance of the blue, orange, and green emission bands. The intense upconversion luminescence pattern with high spatial resolution indicates excellent potential for applications in displays, biological sensors, photodetectors, and solar energy converters.
Driving factors of energy related CO2 emissions at a regional level in the residential sector of Iran
Authors: Ata Behnam , Pakrooh Parisa , Pénzes János
Published: October 2023

Iran has increased its CO2 emissions significantly during the past few decades. The household sector in Iran contributes one of the largest sectors of CO2 emissions. Despite this significant contribution, the existing policies have predominantly concentrated on large-scale initiatives while overlooking the regional role in shaping and implementing these plans. Therefore, this study investigates the relationship between CO2 emissions and the efficient factors in three major groups including energy, climate, and household socio-economic factors. This study aims to address regional carbon emissions and develop CO2 reduction policies tailored to each region's specific circumstances. It focuses on planning strategies at the regional level to effectively tackle CO2 emissions. Household panel data of 28 provinces of Iran are employed by using both static and dynamic panel models for the years 2001 to 2019. Static estimation includes Fixed Effect (FE), Random Effect (RE) and pooled Partial least squares (PLS), Dynamic estimation includes difference Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) and system Generalized Method of Moments (GMM). The empirical result of the static method showed positive dependence of household CO2 emissions on Heating Degree Days (HDD), Cooling Degree Days (CDD), precipitation level, oil consumption, gas consumption, household income, size of household, and also building stocks. In more detail, educational rate, dummy variable (removal of energy subsidy), and oil price reveal the greatest negative impact on the emissions with elasticities of − 0.428, − 0.31, and − 0.15; It represents 1% increase causes − 0.428, − 0.31, − 0.15, decrease CO2 emissions, respectively. however, household size, gas consumption, and oil consumption show the most significant positive effects on CO2 emissions with 1 percent increase causes CO2 emissions increases by 0.1, 0.044, and 0.026, respectively. Regarding the impact of climate factors, a 1% increase in Heating Degree Days, Cooling Degree Days, and precipitation level causes CO2 emissions increase by 0.024%, 0.004%, and 0.011% respectively, due to an increase in fossil energy demand. Results of the dynamic method of the system Generalized Method of Moments are similar to the static estimation results, except for that household size and urbanization are not significant. Also, removing the energy subsidy for fossil fuels due to substantial subsidy in fossil fuels in Iran or implementing a re-pricing energy policy can be a beneficial way to control carbon emissions from households within the provinces of the country. However, it is important to consider that this shift could potentially transfer subsidies to investments in the private sector for renewable energies.
Modeling of malaria vaccine effectiveness on disease burden and drug resistance in 42 African countries
Authors: Hamilton Alisa , Haghpanah Fardad , Hasso-Agopsowicz Mateusz , Frost Isabel , Lin Gary , Schueller Emily , Klein Eili , Laxminarayan Ramanan
Published: October 2023

Background

The emergence of antimalarial drug resistance poses a major threat to effective malaria treatment and control. This study aims to inform policymakers and vaccine developers on the potential of an effective malaria vaccine in reducing drug-resistant infections.

Methods

A compartmental model estimating cases, drug-resistant cases, and deaths averted from 2021 to 2030 with a vaccine against Plasmodium falciparum infection administered yearly to 1-year-olds in 42 African countries. Three vaccine efficacy (VE) scenarios and one scenario of rapidly increasing drug resistance are modeled.

Results

When VE is constant at 40% for 4 years and then drops to 0%, 235.7 (Uncertainty Interval [UI] 187.8–305.9) cases per 1000 children, 0.6 (UI 0.4–1.0) resistant cases per 1000, and 0.6 (UI 0.5–0.9) deaths per 1000 are averted. When VE begins at 80% and drops 20 percentage points each year, 313.9 (UI 249.8–406.6) cases per 1000, 0.9 (UI 0.6–1.3) resistant cases per 1000, and 0.9 (UI 0.6–1.2) deaths per 1000 are averted. When VE remains 40% for 10 years, 384.7 (UI 311.7–496.5) cases per 1000, 1.0 (0.7–1.6) resistant cases per 1000, and 1.1 (UI 0.8–1.5) deaths per 1000 are averted. Assuming an effective vaccine and an increase in current levels of drug resistance to 80% by 2030, 10.4 (UI 7.3–15.8) resistant cases per 1000 children are averted.

Conclusions

Widespread deployment of a malaria vaccine could substantially reduce health burden in Africa. Maintaining VE longer may be more impactful than a higher initial VE that falls rapidly.
Re-imagining the daniell cell: ampere-hour-level rechargeable Zn–Cu batteries
Authors: He Ze , Guo Jiawei , Xiong Fangyu , Tan Shuangshuang , Yang Yixu , Cao Ruyue , Thompson Greta , An Qinyou , De Volder Michael , Mai Liqiang
Published: October 2023

The classic Daniell cell was redesigned to make it rechargeable using gel electrolytes, surface coatings, and ion exchange membranes. The proposed cell chemistry is sustainable, straight-forward to recycle, and can be scaled up to 1 A h cells.
Dynamic quenching mechanism based optical detection of carcinogenic Cr(vi) in water and on economical paper test strips via a conjugated polymer
Authors: Tanwar Arvin Sain , Chanu Moirangthem Anita , Parui Retwik , Barman Debika , Im Yeon-Ho , Krishnan Iyer Parameswar
Published: October 2023

Highly selective and sensitive detection of Cr(vi) in water and on portable paper strips via a conjugated fluorescent polymer.
New metastable interfacial synthesis of a silver-terephthalate metal organic framework: structure, morphology and antibacterial activities
Authors: Paratore Vincenzo , Franco Domenico , Guglielmino Salvatore , Lo Presti Francesca , Traina Francesco , Conoci Sabrina , Condorelli Guglielmo Guido
Published: October 2023

Silver-terephthalate MOFs with various morphologies were obtained via interfacial synthesis. Remarkable antibacterial activities were observed, exhibiting enhanced efficacy and exceptional stability up to three months.
Analytical probing of membranotropic effects of antimicrobial copper nanoparticles on lipid vesicles as membrane models
Authors: Izzi Margherita , Oliver Miquel , Mateos Helena , Palazzo Gerardo , Cioffi Nicola , Miró Manuel
Published: October 2023

Fluorescence spectroscopic studies assess in vitro supramolecular interactions of ultra-small antimicrobial copper nanoparticles with phospholipids integrating biological membranes.
Influence of the carbazole moiety in self-assembling molecules as selective contacts in perovskite solar cells: interfacial charge transfer kinetics and solar-to-energy efficiency effects
Authors: González Dora A. , Puerto Galvis Carlos E. , Li Wenhui , Méndez Maria , Aktas Ece , Eugenia Martínez-Ferrero  , Palomares Emilio
Published: October 2023

The linker and the terminal functional groups of SAMs based on the carbazole core play an important role in the efficiency of inverted perovskite solar cells.
Hollow N-doped carbon nano-mushroom encapsulated hybrid Ni3S2/Fe5Ni4S8 particle anchored to the inner wall of porous wood carbon for efficient oxygen evolution electrocatalysis
Authors: Wang Ying , Zhuang Yuntang , Hu Yaru , Kong Fangong , Yang Guihua , Rojas Orlando J. , He Ming
Published: October 2023

Hollow N-doped carbon nano-mushroom encapsulated hybrid Ni3S2/Fe5Ni4S8 particle in a hierarchically porous carbonized wood framework for efficient oxygen evolution electrocatalysis.
Chiral self-recognition in a bispericyclic cyclodimerisation reaction of 1-azadienes
Authors: López-Francés Adrián , del Corte Xabier , Serna-Burgos Zuriñe , de los Santos Jesús M. , de Cózar Abel , Vicario Javier
Published: October 2023

Hermaphroditism of molecules: as in nature some species behave as male or female depending on the environment, herein we report a bispericyclic dimerisation where a molecule behaves as diene or dienophile, depending on its location at the TS.
Phosphate-activated geopolymers: advantages and application
Authors: Goryunova Kristina , Gahramanli Yunis , Muradkhanli Vida , Nadirov Parviz
Published: October 2023

This paper focuses on the most recent advances in phosphate-activated geopolymer research, and indicates novel applications for phosphate-activated geopolymer.
Facile synthesis and anion binding studies of fluorescein/benzo-12-crown-4 ether based bis-dipyrromethane (DPM) receptors
Authors: Wagay Shafieq Ahmad , Ali Rashid
Published: October 2023

Two novel fluorescein as well as benzo-12-crown-4 ether functionalized dipyrromethane receptors (DPM3 and DPM4) have successfully been synthesized.
KOH-modified bamboo charcoal loaded with α-FeOOH for efficient adsorption of copper and fluoride ions from aqueous solution
Authors: Yang Wei , Zhang Lei , Li Meng , Zhang Ting , Liu Yue , Liu Juan
Published: October 2023

A novel KOH-modified bamboo charcoal loaded with α-FeOOH (FKBC) was successfully synthesized and used for highly efficient Cu2+ and F− adsorption.
The supersaturation perspective on the amyloid hypothesis
Authors: Portugal Barron Diana , Guo Zhefeng
Published: October 2023

The current amyloid hypothesis does not capture the full complexity of Aβ aggregation. Here we lay out a supersaturation framework to better understand the molecular mechanism of Alzheimer’s disease and to develop more effective treatment strategies.
Simultaneously enhancing the planarity and electron-donating capability of donors for through-space charge transfer TADF towards deep-red emission
Authors: Song Xiu-Fang , Jiang Chenglin , Li Nengquan , Miao Jingsheng , Li Kai , Yang Chuluo
Published: October 2023

Red and deep-red emitters exhibiting thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) from through-space charge transfer (TSCT) excited states have been developed by manipulating the intramolecular cofacial donor–acceptor interactions.
Methane synthesis from CO2 and H2O using electrochemical cells with polymer electrolyte membranes and Ru catalysts at around 120 °C: a comparative study to a phosphate-based electrolyte cell
Authors: Sagara Raisei , Hayashi Rika , Hirata Aika , Nagaishi Shintaroh , Kubota Jun
Published: October 2023

A polymer-electrolyte electrochemical cell, equipped with a Ru/ZrO2 catalyst at 120 °C, converts CO2 and H2O into CH4 and O2 with a current efficiency of 85%.
Life cycle optimisation tool development for process systems and centralised supply chain design
Authors: Sun Xinyang , Durkin Alex , Guo Miao
Published: October 2023

The research introduces a life cycle assessment optimisation model with software featuring a graphical interface. The toolbox enables integrating LCA and multi-objective optimisation, providing insights on emissions and economic benefits.
Large-surface-area porous monolith of graphene for electrochemical capacitive deionization
Authors: Zeng Jinjue , Wang Tao , Wang Yue , Gao Lei , Sun Dandan , Ge Cong , Deng Dingfei , Zhu Hongda , Bando Yoshio , Li Ruiqing , Dai Pengcheng , Wang Xuebin
Published: October 2023

A few-layered-graphene monolith is synthesized via zinc-assisted pyrolysis for electrochemical capacitive deionization, showing remarkable salt adsorption capacity and rate.
Enhancing Li+ transport efficiency in solid-state Li-ion batteries with a ceramic-array-based composite electrolyte
Authors: Yeh Shu-Ming , Li Chia-Chen
Published: October 2023

An innovative composite solid electrolyte (CSE) enhances Li+ transport efficiency by integrating an array of ceramic pillars into a polymer matrix, as compared to conventional CSEs with dispersed ceramic particles.
Recent advances in small-molecule fluorescent photoswitches with photochromism in diverse states
Authors: Wu Yuzhen , Zhu Yuqing , Yao Chuangye , Zhan Jiale , Wu Penglei , Han Zhengdong , Zuo Jiaqi , Feng Hui , Qian Zhaosheng
Published: October 2023

This review summarizes recent advances in small-molecule fluorescent photoswitches based on classic photochromic molecules in diverse states, and provides some existing problems and challenges to promote follow-up development in this field.
Quantifying global costs of reliable green hydrogen
Authors: Freire Ordóñez D. , Ganzer C. , Halfdanarson T. , González Garay A. , Patrizio P. , Bardow A. , Guillén-Gosálbez G. , Shah N. , Mac Dowell N.
Published: October 2023

Assessment of the current and future cost of reliable green hydrogen production, accounting for the inter- and intra-annual variability of solar and wind renewables, using 20 years of hourly resolution from 1140 grid points worldwide.
Treatment Outcomes of Interdisciplinary Care on Speech and Health-Related Quality of Life Outcomes in Adults With Cleft Palate
Authors: Van der Straeten Charis , Verbeke Jolien , Alighieri Cassandra , Bettens Kim , Van Beveren Ellen , Bruneel Laura , Van Lierde Kristiane
Published: October 2023

Purpose:

Individuals born with a cleft palate with or without a cleft lip (CP ± L) often experience functional, aesthetic, and psychosocial consequences well into adulthood. This study aimed to investigate outcomes of speech and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in adults with a CP ± L who received interdisciplinary cleft care at the Ghent University Hospital using valid, reliable, and condition-specific instruments.

Method:

Thirteen Belgian Dutch-speaking participants with a CP ± L with a mean age of 25.4 years (
SD
= 5.1, range: 20–33 years) and an age- and gender-matched control group of 13 participants without a CP ± L with a mean age of 25.2 years (
SD =
4.8, range: 20–32 years) were included in this study. Speech characteristics were evaluated perceptually and instrumentally. HRQoL was assessed through standardized patient-reported outcome measures. Outcomes were compared with those of the control group and to normative data where available.

Results:

Participants with a CP ± L in this sample demonstrated significantly lower speech acceptability (
p
< .001) and higher rates of hypernasality (
p
= .015) and nasal turbulence (
p
= .005) than the control group. They showed significantly higher satisfaction with appearance of the cleft scar compared with norms of adults with a CP ± L (
p
= .047). No other differences in speech characteristics, sociodemographics, or HRQoL were found between participants with and without a CP ± L.

Conclusions:

The reduced speech acceptability and the presence of resonance and nasal airflow disorders may indicate the need for standardized long-term outcome measurement and interdisciplinary follow-up for speech characteristics and velopharyngeal insufficiency in young and middle adulthood in future clinical practice. Additional research is necessary to further substantiate these findings and to determine predictors for these continuing complications in adults with a CP ± L.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.24243901
An Exploratory Study of Pragmatic Language Use Across Contexts With the Pragmatic Rating Scale–School Age Among Autistic Boys and Boys With Fragile X Syndrome Plus Autism
Authors: Maltman Nell , Willer Rebecca , Sterling Audra
Published: October 2023

Purpose:

Autistic boys and boys with co-occurring fragile X syndrome and autism spectrum disorder (FXS + ASD) demonstrate similar pragmatic language difficulties. The Pragmatic Rating Scale–School Age (PRS-SA) captures ecologically valid metrics of pragmatic language impairments in these populations. It is traditionally scored based on the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS), which may limit the use of the PRS-SA more broadly in research and clinical contexts.

Method:

This study evaluated the feasibility of the PRS-SA based on a shorter, semistructured conversational context compared to the ADOS in school-age autistic boys (
n
= 16) and boys with FXS + ASD (
n
= 16), matched on ASD traits. Differences across ADOS and conversational contexts and associations with ASD-related social difficulties were evaluated.

Results:

Findings revealed differences in PRS-SA scores between ADOS and conversational contexts, but only for the FXS + ASD group. Limited associations were observed between PRS-SA scores and ASD traits.

Conclusions:

Results from this study indicate the feasibility of using the PRS-SA in a shorter conversational context than the ADOS to assess pragmatic language among autistic boys. For boys with FXS + ASD, contextual differences warrant careful consideration in future work.
Gender-Affirming Voice Training for Trans Women: Effectiveness of Training on Patient-Reported Outcomes and Listener Perceptions of Voice
Authors: Oates Jennifer , Södersten Maria , Quinn Sterling , Nygren Ulrika , Dacakis Georgia , Kelly Victoria , Smith Georgina , Sand Anders
Published: October 2023

Purpose:

Although speech-language pathologists have provided gender-affirming voice training for trans women since the 1970s, evidence for this training's effectiveness remains weak. Our study aimed to redress limitations of earlier studies and evaluate voice training effects on outcomes important to trans women.

Method:

Seventy-four trans women (19–54 years old) who wanted a more female-sounding voice were recruited through two health facilities and provided with an eight- to 12-session voice training program based on contemporary literature, usual clinical practice, and client-centered care principles. Self-reported outcomes and an audio-recorded reading sample were collected 3 months before, immediately before and after, and 3 months after training. Forty cisgender speakers were audio-recorded reading the same sample material as comparison voices. Seventy-nine naive listeners made gender-related voice ratings of an extract from these audio recordings. Training effectiveness was evaluated using group-level analyses (linear mixed-effects models) and individual-level analyses to establish what proportion of participants improved to a predetermined relevant degree.

Results:

Group-level analyses demonstrated positive training effects, maintained 3 months posttraining, for trans women's vocal satisfaction, perceptions of voice-related social participation, and self- and listener perceptions of their voices. Individual-level analyses also demonstrated positive effects. Two thirds of trans women increased vocal satisfaction to a relevant degree, one third who reported restricted social participation before training reduced this restriction to a relevant degree, and all were rated more female-sounding after training (although not all to a relevant degree).

Conclusions:

All trans women participants made progress toward their voice goals and maintained those gains at follow-up. These findings provide evidence that gender-affirming speech-language pathology services warrant prioritization. Further research is warranted to investigate factors predicting outcomes of voice training for trans women.
EVATL: A novel framework for emergency vehicle communication with adaptive traffic lights for smart cities
Authors: Dodia Ayush , Kumar Sumit , Rani Ruchi , Pippal Sanjeev Kumar , Meduri Pramoda
Published: October 2023

Fixed cycle traffic lights primarily regulate road traffic, in which traffic light control systems are for specific lanes or crossings in urban areas. Also, not being appropriately installed can prolong the congestion delay and unnecessarily long wait times for crossing intersections, which can cause emergency vehicles to become stuck at intersections. Adaptive signal timing management technique that is more computationally viable than current fixed cycle signal control systems and can improve network‐wide traffic operations by reducing traffic delay and energy consumption. Even though specific adaptive control systems exist, there is no mechanism to communicate with emergency vehicles, which is crucial for smart cities. Motivated by this problem, a novel framework, Emergency Vehicle Adaptive Traffic Light (EVATL), is proposed for smart cities where an adaptive mode of operation for traffic lights is employed with emergency vehicle communication, improving their functioning and reducing overall congestion delay. EVATL detects emergency vehicle location using GPS with the Internet of Things(IoT), which integrates with traffic signals and works adaptively according to vehicle density at the traffic signal using YOLOv8. So, the primary goal of the proposed EVATL is to prioritise an emergency vehicle while simultaneously integrating adaptive traffic signals for smart cities. A GUI is developed for evaluating the proposed model by creating different scenarios for an adaptive traffic light and emergency vehicle communication. While analysing the simulation results of the proposed model EVATL, a clear improvement can be seen in the wait time of vehicles at a traffic light with the timely detection of an emergency vehicle at a set distance.
A Babcock-Leighton dynamo model of the Sun incorporating toroidal flux loss and the helioseismically inferred meridional flow
Authors: Cloutier S. , Cameron R. H. , Gizon L.
Published: October 2023

Context.Key elements of the Babcock-Leighton model for the solar dynamo are increasingly constrained by observations.

Aims.We investigate whether the Babcock-Leighton flux-transport dynamo model remains in agreement with observations if the meridional flow profile is taken from helioseismic inversions. Additionally, we investigate the effect of the loss of toroidal flux through the solar surface.

Methods.We employ the two-dimensional flux-transport Babcock-Leighton dynamo framework. We use the helioseismically inferred meridional flow profile, and include toroidal flux loss in a way that is consistent with the amount of poloidal flux generated by Joy’s law. Our model does not impose a preference for emergences at low latitudes; however, we do require that the model produces such a preference.

Results.We can find solutions that are in general agreement with observations, including the latitudinal migration of the butterfly wings and the 11 year period of the cycle. The most important free parameters in the model are the depth to which the radial turbulent pumping extends and the turbulent diffusivity in the lower half of the convection zone. We find that the pumping needs to extend to depths of about 0.80 R⊙and that the bulk turbulent diffusivity needs to be around 10 km2s−1or less. We find that the emergences are restricted to low latitudes without the need to impose such a preference.

Conclusions.The flux-transport Babcock-Leighton model, incorporating the helioseismically inferred meridional flow and toroidal field loss term, is compatible with the properties of the observed butterfly diagram and with the observed toroidal loss rate. Reasonably tight constraints are placed on the remaining free parameters. The pumping needs to be just below the depth corresponding to the location where the meridional flow changes direction, and where numerical simulations suggest the convection zone becomes marginally subadiabatic. However, our linear model does not reproduce the observed ‘rush to the poles’ of the diffuse surface radial field resulting from the decay of sunspots; reproducing this might require the imposition of a preference for flux to emerge near the equator.
Growth of Samosir Local Shallots Due To The Types and Dosage of Trichoderma Spp Isolate
Authors: Siburan E , Siregar L A M , Lisnawita  , Nisa T C
Published: October 2023

Trichoderma spp fungus can be used as a biostimulant for plant agronomic characters. This study was aimed to determine the effect of Trichoderma spp isolate, dosage, and interaction on the growth of Samosir shallots. This study was carried out in Muara Subdistrict, North Tapanuli District, North Sumatra, Indonesia, from June to December 2021. This study used a factorial randomized block design with three replications, the first factor being the types of Trichoderma spp (T. harzianum, T. virens, T. viride, T. asperellum). The dosage of Trichoderma spp such as 0; 20; 40; and 60 g/polybag was the second factor. Parameters were processed using ANOVA followed by DMRT at P<0.05. The findings revealed that the higher ability of T. viride isolates to increase the plant height growth of Samosir shallots. The dose higher of isolated up to 60 g/polybag increased the plant height and number of leaves in Samosir shallots. The interaction of T. asperellum isolate at a dose of 20 g/polybag showed the highest number of leaves compared to other interactions.
Determinant of Technical Efficiency of Sugarcane During the Covid 19 Pandemic in Malang Regency East Java Indonesia
Authors: Santosa A , Rahayu E S , Sutrisno J , Kusnandar
Published: October 2023

Sugarcane farmers in sugar-producing countries are experiencing an economic crisis due to the Covid 19 pandemic. Restrictions on transportation and a scarcity of labor have delayed sugarcane harvesting, increased production costs, decreased productivity, and decreased income. Therefore, our research aims to measure the technical efficiency and the influence of environmental factors on the technical efficiency of sugar cane farming in Malang Regency. The results of the research using the multiple bootstrap regression approach show that the efficiency values based on the VRS and CRS assumptions are 0.854 and 0.834. This value means that sugarcane farmers in Malang Regency must reduce the use of inputs by 16.6% and 14.6% respectively to make sugarcane farming more efficient. The variable age of the head of household reduces technical efficiency, while the variables of sugarcane training experience, organizational experience, ratoon cane, and increases in input prices have the potential to increase technical efficiency. The Covid 19 pandemic has become a momentum for policy makers to create training programs that aim to utilize natural resources to overcome scarcity and rising input prices, as well as realize agricultural sustainability.
Effect of Planting Distance and Dosage of organic fertilization on the Growth and Productivity Stove Purple Flower Orthosiphon stamineus Benth. Stems
Authors: Ngatinem  , Farikha A I , Prastono Haryo , Agus Himawan S
Published: October 2023

Medicinal plant cultivation is essentially a way of management so that a medicinal plant can bring high yields and good quality. This condition can occur if the plant can grow in a suitable environment, including commensurate soil fertility, and suitable climate with appropriate technology. One of the plants that can be developed vegetatively is the Orthosiphon stamineus Benth.s, which is very useful as a kidney medicine, for epilepsy, hepatitis, and gallstones. Orthosiphon stamineus Benth.s plant extract can also be used for anti-fungal, anti-bacterial, anti-allergic, anti-hypertensive, and anti-inflammatory purposes. The purpose of the study was to determine the effect of planting distance and dose of organic fertilization on the growth and production of stove purple flower Orthosiphon stamineus Benth.s. The research took place from July to October 2020 at the Experimental Garden of B2TP Lampung. Materials Orthosiphon stamineus Benth. stem cuttings, organic fertilizer (cow manure), water. Tools used were a hand tractor, Cultivator, hoe, scissors, meter, vernier, plastic basket, tray, and oven. This study used a Split plot Design with three replications. The treatment variables used were planting distance as the main plot consisting of 3 levels (0.4 mx0.4 m; 0.5 m x 0.4 m; and 0.6 m x 0.4 m). Then the dose of organic fertilizer as a subplot consisting of 4 levels (150 grams per plant, 300 grams per plant, 450 grams per plant, and 600 grams per plant). The experiment was repeated 3 times so that there were 36 experimental plots. The results of the analysis of variance for the production of Orthosiphon stamineus Benth. s. yields, there is an interaction of planting distance treatment and organic fertilizer dosing that gives significantly different results (p<0.01) for the parameters of wet production per plant, wet productivity per hectare, dry production per plant, and dry productivity per hectare. While the results of the analysis of variance for plant growth, the number of branches is influenced by planting distance and organic fertilizer application. A planting distance of 0.6 x 0.4 m and 300 grams of manure is the optimal treatment to increase the growth and productivity of Orthosiphon stamineus Benth. plants.
Resistance Assessment of Hybrid Corn Genotypes to Major Corn Diseases and Its Effects on Disease Epidemic Components in South Sulawesi, Indonesia
Authors: Mirsam Hishar , Suriani  , Azrai Muhammad , Muis Amran , Nonci Nurnina , Makkulawu Andi Takdir , Iriany R Neni
Published: October 2023

The use of resistant varieties is one of approach that can be used in the management of the pathogen development. This study aimed to examine the resistance level of hybrid corn genotypes to the corn major diseases and to determine its effect on the components of the disease epidemic. Testing for the three major diseases was carried out using spreader row plants as an inoculum source. Parameters observed in this study were disease incidence for downly mildew (DM), disease severity for maydis leaf blight (MLB) and leaf rust (LR), disease development model, infection rate, area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC), protection index, and path analysis. The results showed that the HBC01 genotype had the lowest attack intensity to DM, MLB, and LR, namely 35.55%, 37.33%, and 25.33%, respectively. The disease epidemic components also showed that the HCB01 genotype has the lowest AUDPC value and infection rate with the highest protection index against DM, MLB, and LR. Furthermore, relative humidity, temperature, rainfall, and wind velocity were correlated in influencing the development of DM, MLB, and LR. The conclusion is that the hybrid corn genotype greatly influences the development of epidemics of DM, MLB, and LR.
The Color, Water and Oil Holding Properties and Pasting Viscosities of Arrow Root (Maranta arundinacea L) Flour From Different Accessions and Irradiation Doses
Authors: Sholichah Enny , Suryana Radita , Deswina Puspita , Achyadi Nana Sutisna , Sarifudin Achmat
Published: October 2023

Gamma irradiation has been widely used as green method to induce mutations of arrow root plants; therefore, superior cultivars might be obtained. This research was purposed to evaluate the effect of different accessions (a1 (Pulosari – Pandeglang), a2 (Cicadas – Pandeglang), a3 (Cikondang – Pandeglang), a4 (Tamansari – Yogyakarta) and a5 (MN1 – Bogor)) and irradiation doses (b1( 0 Gy), b2 (10 Gy), b3 (20 Gy), b4 (30 Gy), b5 (40 Gy) and b6 (50 Gy) on the properties of arrow root flour produced from irradiated arrowroot plants including color, water and oil holding capacities and also pasting viscosities. Results showed that gamma irradiation on the arrow root plants impacted the color properties of arrow root flour in which higher irradiation dose tended to produce brighter arrow root flour. Higher irradiation dose showed a tendency to produce arrow root flour with low water holding capacity but high oil holding capacity. Irradiation doses did not significantly impact all pasting viscosities (peak viscosity, final viscosity and set back viscosity).
Changes in Soil Ph and Eh Of Rainfed Rice Fields With The Application of NPK Fertilizer and Rice Straw Compost
Authors: Saputra R A , Jumar J , Norwinda amd N
Published: October 2023

In Indonesia, rainfed rice fields (non-irrigated) account for only 26.5% of total rice production. The use of sub-optimal land, such as rainfed rice fields, can be used as an alternative. In general, these rainfed rice fields were infertile, they often experienced drought, and their irrigation systems depended on rain. pH and Eh soil are the main factors affecting the solubility and availability of nutrients and their transformation in the soil. Thusly, the purposes of this research were to determine the interaction effect of NPK fertilizer combined with rice straw compost on changes in soil pH and Eh in rainfed rice fields planted with rice. This research used a two-factor randomized block design (RBD). NPK fertilizer dosage (a) and composted rice straw dosage (k) made up the first and second factors, respectively. There were 3 treatments of NPK fertilizer doses, i.e. 0 (control); 150; and 300 kg ha-1, while there were 6 doses of rice straw compost, 5; 7.5; 10; 12.5; 15; and 20 t ha-1. Each treatment consisted of two experimental blocks, resulting in 36 experimental units. Soil observations were carried out three times, namely when the rice was 2 weeks after planting (WAP), 10 WAP, 17 WAP. Results showed the best treatment combination for lowering Eh soil at 2 WAP was a2k4 (300 kg ha-1 + 12.5 t ha-1 rice straw compost) with a value of Eh -251,2 mV. The effect of single-factor compost was best in increasing the soil pH at 2 WAP, which was 15 t ha-1 (k5) with a pH value of 7.28.