bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Knowledge About Antibiotics Prescription During Periodontal Therapy Among Dental Students
Authors: Moin Ahmed Muzammil
Published: July 2022

Background and Objective:

Despite the fact that antibiotics and analgesics are regularly prescribed by dentists, little is known regarding the dental practitioners' knowledge and comprehension of their usage in daily clinical practice. A lack of sufficient training for dental students is a possible cause of prescription mistakes. For the purpose of determining whether dental students are capable of rationally prescribing antibiotics by the time they graduate, this research examined dental students' understanding of administering antibiotics.

Methods:

The dentistry students' understanding of prescription antibiotics was assessed by means of a questionnaire. Participants in this research were undergraduates in their third and fourth year of Buraydah Private College of Dentistry and Pharmacy. Students at college were asked to fill out a standardized questionnaire.

Results:

The majority of antibiotics provided were in the right dosage and dosage form, although the frequency and length of treatment varied widely. Some 75.3% of the time, amoxicillin was administered in this research, followed by metronidazole (6.2%), tetracycline (4.1%), and erythromycin (3.2%).

Conclusion:

Continuing education on the sensible use of antibiotics in dental infections is essential, and it is best when this is done in conjunction with its use in clinical settings. To ensure that dentistry students are competent and responsible prescribers of antibiotics at the time of graduation, prescription guidelines are needed.
A study of the COVID-19 pandemic's knowledge and impact on ongoing fixed orthodontic treatment in adults
Authors: Kumar Barun D. , Pragya Prakhar , Saurabh Sandeep , Datta Archita , Sangal Shikha , Anjum Afroz , Kumar Amit , Badiyani Bhumika K.
Published: July 2022

Background:

Due to the characteristics of dental practices and hospitals, all dental professionals, including orthodontists, are at an elevated peril of SARS-CoV-2 infection. If adequate safety actions are not taken, cross-contamination risk among dentists, orthodontists, and patients can be extremely high. For orthodontic patients, a high level of cognizance and consideration of the COVID-19 epidemic is required. The goal of this study was to assess adult patients' knowledge of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and its impact on their continuing fixed orthodontic treatment.

Methodology:

A cross-sectional in addition to a descriptive survey of 100 adult patients enduring fixed orthodontic treatment was done. All of the candidates were over the age of 18 years and were in lockdown due to the COVID-19 epidemic, with no therapy available.

Results:

Among the patients, 35% were male and 65% were female; 22.3% were unaware that the COVID-19 virus unfurls speedily in a dental setting; 64.8% were unquestionably keen to disclose their status and undertake pretreatment screening; 71.3% were undeniably prepared to stick to stringent appointment timings for passable sanitization of the clinical area; 70% believed that skipping appointments all through the COVID-19 pandemic would be costly; 70% believed that skipping appointments during the pandemic would prolong the treatment; and 59% thought of financial burden.

Conclusion:

COVID-19 cross-infection was not known to all adult orthodontic patients. The vast majority were aware of the situation and eager to follow infection-prevention guidelines. COVID-19 had a psychological and financial impact on patients' perceptions of overall orthodontic therapy.
Bionanocomposites in Caries Prevention and Treatment
Authors: Abuzenada Basem Mohammed , Sonbul Helal M.
Published: July 2022

Objective:

The aim of this systematic review was to assess the therapeutic effect of remineralizing and antibacterial potential of resin-based nanocomposites compared with conventional composite with/without fluoride release in naturally occurring and post-orthodontic carious lesions.

Data Sources:

The literature search covered the electronic databases, such as PubMed, EBSCO, and Google scholar, from 2012 to 2021. Only articles published in English were included. Randomized controlled trials (RCT) and in-vitro studies were included. All studies which met eligibility criteria were reviewed by two independent reviewers.

Study Selection:

The processes involved in the selection of studies were presented in Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses guidelines for study screening. Finally, based on the eligibility criteria, 13 studies were selected. The remineralizing effects of nanocomposites were compared with conventional composites in clinical trials and in-vitro studies.

Conclusion:

Nanotechnological interventions could be used to improve the therapeutic efficiency in reducing demineralization and growth of the biofilm. Further well-designed clinical trials with long-term follow-up are essential to elucidate the clinical relevance of remineralizing agents.
Evaluation of Dimensional Stability and Surface Hardness of Interocclusal Recording Materials at Various Time Intervals
Authors: Kumar Prince , Pacharne Ajay Pravin , Mishra Sunil Kumar
Published: July 2022

Aim:

At different timings, assessment and comparison of the dimensional stability and surface hardness of three interocclusal recording materials (IRM).

Materials and Methods:

Samples of polyvinyl siloxane, ZOE, and bite registration wax were made using stainless steel die. Each group had 10 samples. At 1, 8, 24, and 48 h, the samples were estimated using a 10× amplification stereo microscope.

Results:

Four readings were taken for each sample, the mean was considered to scale the dimensional change and surface hardness. At 1, 8, 24, and 48 h mean dimensional change was viewed as the most extreme among group 3 followed by group 2 and afterward group 1 (P < 0.05).

Conclusion:

Polyvinyl siloxane was the steadiest, most precise, and had the most noteworthy surface hardness among the three interocclusal materials.
Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma of Minor Salivary Gland in a Patient with Asymptomatic Palatal Swelling – A Case Report
Authors: Al-Rabai Nada Ahmad Allan , Assiri Khalil Ibrahim , Al Almai Mohammed Ibrahim , Sandeepa N.C , Ajmal Muhammed , Divakar Darshan Devang
Published: July 2022

Incidence of abundant minor salivary gland tissues in the posterior part of hard palate surges the likelihood of salivary gland neoplasm especially in this part of the oral cavity. Minor salivary gland tumor accounts for virtually 15% of all the salivary gland neoplasm, wherein mucoepidermoid carcinoma comprises of 35.9%. Current paper reports a case of mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the posterior part of the hard palate which was an incidental finding. It presented as well-defined smooth swelling, the preliminary radiographic investigation revealed no appreciable bony changes and offered an impression of a benign tumor. Histopathological investigation displayed features of mucoepidermoid carcinoma of intermediate grade. The lesion was surgically excised and the patient was under regular follow up for 3years. The paper focus on the magnitude of swift clinical diagnosis of specific lesions, so increasing the survival rate and reducing the morbidity.
Correlation between Diabetic Retinopathy and Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy in Patients with Type II Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Hafeez Mohammed , Achar Prashanthkumar , Neeralagi Meghana , Naik Gajaraj T.
Published: July 2022

Background and Objectives:

The two most common complications of diabetes mellitus are retinopathy and neuropathy which are dealt by two different medical departments. Early detection and management are therefore necessary to prevent progression of these two diseases and will give a knowledgeable idea regarding the both. Thus, this study was done to know the association of diabetic peripheral neuropathy and diabetic retinopathy.

Methods:

This was a cross sectional study comprised of 200 cases of type 2 diabetes mellitus selected from the ophthalmology department and referred cases from other departments. A thorough history and examination was done in both departments, that is, complete ophthalmic and neurological examination respectively. Relevant investigations, if needed, were done and diabetic retinopathy was classified according to ETDRS classification.

Results:

Of the 200 patients having type 2 diabetes for more than 5 years, 28% of cases had diabetic retinopathy and 59% of cases had peripheral neuropathy. Peripheral neuropathy was twice more common than retinopathy. 33.1% had retinopathy and 65.46% had peripheral neuropathy among the uncontrolled diabetics. The prevalence of retinopathy increased 1.3 times in patients with neuropathy (16%) than in patients without peripheral neuropathy (12%).

Conclusion:

As there was higher incidence of peripheral neuropathy, it is important as ophthalmologists to look for peripheral neuropathy in diabetics which will help in reducing diabetes-related morbidities.
Success Rate of Growth Factors for Existing Periapical Lesions in Failed Endodontically Treated Teeth in Adult Population
Authors: Shaik Izaz , Gaddam Bhavyasri , Patel Anjali , Deshmukh Rashmi , Bhavana Manasa , Sunku Mohana S. M. , Minnikanti Anusha
Published: July 2022

Introduction:

In this study, we investigated the success rate of growth factors for existing periapical lesions in failed endodontically treated teeth in an adult population by systematic review and meta-analysis.

Materials and Methods:

We conducted an online data search based on preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta analyses (PRISMA), from databases PUBMED, MEDLINE, and EMBASE, for the application of various types of growth factors in endodontically failed teeth with periapical lesions in adults. These included the “platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and platelet-rich fibrin (PRF),” blood, etc. The data were meta-analyzed using MetaXL 5.3, and GRADE was used to assess the certainty.

Results:

We observed that success of 0.95 was achieved by the end of a year's follow-up with the application of growth factors for periodontal lesions. We also observed that the teeth responded to thermal tests, indicating regeneration; however, studies were with bias and lower sensitivity.

Discussion:

\ Similar to regeneration in immature teeth, growth factors also showed greater success in the treatment of periapical lesions in the failed endodontic teeth in adults.
A Descriptive Study on Visual Outcome and Intraocular Pressure Control after Trabeculectomy with Manual Small Incision Cataract Surgery in Patients with Glaucoma and Cataract
Authors: Naik Gajaraj T. , Achar Prashanthkumar , Kripalini S. H , Sajjan Sujata
Published: July 2022

Context:

Glaucoma is a optic neuropathy having multifactorial causes. Both cataract and glaucoma condition can influence management of the one another.

Aims:

To know the visual outcome and intraocular pressure control after combined trabeculectomy in patients with glaucoma and cataract.

Settings and Design:

It was a descriptive interventional study done for two years. All patients diagnosed to have significant cataract and diagnosed glaucoma were included in study.

Methods and Material:

After taking consent, combined surgery was performed and post-op follow up was done on 1st postoperative day and then on 1st week, 2weeks, 4weeks, 6weeks, 8weeks and 6 months. All parameters assessed and tabulated for statistical analysis.

Results:

Mean age of subjects was 59 years. 46.7% were males. Most of the patients (73.4%) were diagnosed as POAG. 26.7% were having PACG. Pre-operatively, 7 patients had vision better than 6/36. 13 patients had 6/36 and 10 patients had less than 6/36. At 6 weeks postoperatively, 76.7% had vision 6/9 or better, 16.7% had between 6/12 to 6/18, 6.7% less than 6/18. Mean IOP, Preoperatively among POAG and PACG was 19.90 and 33.25mmHg. Among POAG, Postoperatively at 6weeks, 8week, and 6months, IOP was 13.81, 13.91 and 12.72mmHg respectively. Postoperatively at 6weeks, 8week, and 6months, IOP was 19.75, 18.00 and 17.25mmHg in case of PACG.

Conclusions:

The study has showed the postoperative visual outcome and control of intraocular pressure is better with combined trabeculectomy with cataract surgery but still patients should be individualised according to their presentation.
Evaluation of Level of TNF-α among Obese Patients with and without Chronic Periodontitis
Authors: Fathima Kamal Hameed , Rajendran Venkateshwaran , Sekhar Prasanna , Sivasubramaniam Harish Vadivelu
Published: July 2022

Aim:

The purpose of this case-control study was to evaluate the role of TNF-α in gingival crevicular fluid among obese women with chronic periodontitis.

Materials and Methods:

A total of 60 subjects were randomly selected for the study. The study population was further divided into three groups (Group 1, Obese women without periodontitis; Group 2, Non-obese women without periodontitis; Group 3, Obese with chronic periodontitis). Gingival crevicular fluid samples were taken for assessment based on clinical parameters like probing depth, bleeding on probing, and BMI.

Results:

There was significant increase in the level of TNF-α in gingival crevicular fluid from obese patients with chronic periodontitis and a positive correlation was found between TNF-α levels and values of the plaque index, OHI –I and BMI.

Conclusion:

Based on these results, it can be concluded that GCF level of TNF-α was significantly higher in obese patients with and without chronic periodontitis, and highest in obese patients with chronic periodontitis group.
Evidence-Based Prosthodontics
Authors: Venkatesan Sashikant , Krishnamoorthi Divya , Raju Ramesh , Mohan Jayashree , Thomas Priya Ann , Rubasree B.
Published: July 2022

The practice of evidence-based dentistry has assumed an integral part in today's world. It allows us to achieve self-motivated, problem-based learning, which eventually leads to acquiring clinically sound and relevant information that has a strong backing of evidence on a scientific basis. This would enhance the diagnosis but also the prognoses and treatment that are administered with the highest of ethical standards. Due to the advancement in material studies, dentistry, especially prosthodontics, is getting more intricate and complex due to the dynamic state in the development of new dental materials and equipment. The best evidence is sought through vast empirical literature consisting of controlled trials and reviews. Modern clinical practice should be concurrent with the latest scientific evidence that brings high standards to the treatment options and patient's values. This review highlights the evidence based dentistry on prosthodontics while also addressing the issues it poses in modern day dental practice.
Comparison of Maxillary Molar Roots with Maxillary Sinus in High-resolution CBCT
Authors: Ranjan Vikash , Maiti Soumendu Bikash , Gupta Ragini , Singh Lalit Narayan , Tyagi Mahima , Bhardwaj Deepti
Published: July 2022

Background:

The maxillary sinus is a pyramidal-shaped osseous cavity, and maxillary molars are found to be in close proximity to the sinus floor or even protruding into it. The present study was conducted to measure the relation between the roots and sinus floor and also the thickness of the bone using CBCT to determine age and gender differences.

Materials and Methods:

The individuals were separated into two groups based on age: Those under 40 and those over 40 years. There were 25 men and 25 females in the study. Axial, coronal, and sagittal slices of the CBCT images were obtained.

Results:

The first molar root distance and cortical bone thickness varied significantly between men and women, as well as across different ages. Mesiobuccal root with sinus floor was shown to have a substantial mean value for both sexes (P = 0.049 and P = 0.003). In females, the thickness of the buccal plate was 1.291 mm, whereas, in men, it was 2.447 mm (P = 0.000). There was a substantial difference in the thickness of the buccal plate between men and women who were at least 40 years old (P = 0.000).

Conclusion:

This study suggests how important it is to look at anatomical features and bone thickness when determining a person's age and gender.
Effects of pH and Time on Nickel Ion Release from Pediatric Stainless-Steel Crowns
Authors: Tiwari Sonia , Saxena Sudhanshu
Published: July 2022

Background:

Frequent use of stainless-steel crowns in pediatric dentistry has led to concerns that heavy metals in the crowns could be released into the mouth and potentially trigger allergic reactions. Of these constituents, nickel is known to be a common cause of hypersensitivity reactions.

Aim:

To evaluate and compare nickel ion release from pediatric stainless-steel crowns of 3M ESPE and DNTO Kids Crown at pH levels of 4.3, 5.5, and 6.3 for days 1, 7, 15, and 30.

Methods:

In this in-vitro study, nickel ion release (in PPM) from stainless steel crowns of 3M ESPE (n = 60) and DNTO Kids Crown (n = 60) in artificial saliva of pH 4.3, 5.5, and 6.3 on days 1, 7, 15, and 30 was analyzed using inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry at Indian Institute of Technology-Bombay. Statistical analysis was performed using two-way and three-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by least significant difference post hoc test and Spearman's rank order correlation. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results:

In both groups (3M ESPE and DNTO Kids Crown), a significantly higher amount of nickel ion release was observed at pH 4.3. Among different time intervals, significantly maximum nickel ion release was observed on day 7. Nickel ion release from DNTO Kids Crowns was significantly higher than 3M ESPE at all the pH levels and time intervals.

Conclusions:

The pH of artificial saliva and nickel ion release is inversely related. The manufacturing process may affect the biodegradability of stainless-steel crowns. The maximum average nickel ion release from stainless steel crowns is below the recommended dietary intake but sufficient to cause allergic reactions.
Propofol's Efficacy and Outcomes on Anxious Children's Behavior in the Course of Dental Therapy
Authors: Singh Swati , Neyaz Nudrat , Tanwar Aditi S. , Patil Anand N. , Khan Asim M. , Kakti Ateet
Published: July 2022

Introduction:

Tranquility therapies have recently been more popular as a means of reducing anxiety amongst children in the course of painful diagnostic and therapeutic procedures. As a result, a variety of techniques (oral tranquility, intravenous (IV) tranquility) have been developed to assist practitioners in order to deal with such instances. The goal of this trial was to see how effective propofol could be in calming anxious youngsters during the course of dental therapy. The interventional investigation was undertaken at the Hazaribag College of Dental Sciences and Hospital in Jharkhand.

Materials and Methods:

To assess the outcomes of intravenous propofol on their performance in the course of therapy, 40 children within the age group of 3–6 years pursuing good physical health but uncooperative in nature (negative or definitely negative, bestowing to Frankel's performance scale) were comprised in the study. The performance rating scale was utilized to assess their performance throughout the therapy (BRS). In addition, the point of tranquility was assessed beforehand. Mann–Whitney U test was utilized to equate male and female points of performance along with gradations of drowsiness. The P value for significance was fixed at 0.05.

Results:

All participants' performance and point of tranquility in the course of therapy were promising, and therapy was accomplished for everyone. Mann–Whitney U test revealed no statistically significant differences in point of performance, or gradation of drowsiness amid males and females. Pearson's correlation coefficient revealed a strong positive association of therapy time with awakening time.

Conclusion:

Intravenous propofol deep tranquility in the presence of an anesthesiologist was found to be beneficial in restraining nervous and recalcitrant youngsters in the course of dental therapy.
A Survey on the COVID-19 Awareness and Vaccination Acceptance/Hesitance Among the Transgender Population in Various Districts of Tamilnadu
Authors: Alden S Jason , Magesh KT , Sivachandran A , Aravindhan R , Sathyakumar M , Deenadayalan Purushothaman
Published: July 2022

Introduction:

Coronavirus Disease of 2019 (COVID-19) has been deemed as one of the biggest global health crisis. The pandemic has caused a landslide in governance, economics, health care systems, and the daily lifestyle of man for the past 2 years. One of the chief weapons installed by various governments worldwide was the rapid development of an efficient vaccine to combat the disease. This study aims to identify the awareness of COVID 19 and seeks to find the challenges faced by the community in vaccination. This study hypothesized the presence of a multifaceted issue among the transgender populations' hesitance to vaccination. The results from the study could be exploited by the policy makers of the government to provide policies that best alleviate the hesitance among the transgender population.

Material and Methods:

This study is a cross sectional questionnaire based study. A total of 121 transgender people above the age of 18 years who were voluntarily willing for the study were included in the study, while excluding the male and female participants and those transgender participants who were unwilling for the study.

Results and Discussion:

A 100% response regarding COVID-19 awareness from the 121 participants showed exemplary reach to the population. With 76% of individuals being vaccinated, the acceptance of the vaccine and reach of the vaccine was high. COVID-19 awareness has reached the people from all walks of life. With little tweaks to the current policies, India could achieve absolute vaccination against the pandemic.
A Comparative Evaluation of Antimicrobial Efficacy of Triphala and Calcium Hydroxide as Intracanal Medicament
Authors: Selvi Mathi Muthamil , Selvabalaji Arumugam , Chonat Anagha , Ananthan Vasanthakumari , Mani Ebenezeer , Chinnaswamy Ananda Devi
Published: July 2022

Background:

The goal for placement of intracanal medicament during pulpal therapy procedures is to eradicate the bacteria and the exotoxins from the infected root canal, thereby preventing and controlling pulpal and periradicular infections. Chemo-mechanical preparation is considered an essential step in root canal disinfection; but to accomplish the total elimination of bacteria in highly complex root canal anatomy is difficult. Intracanal medicaments help eliminate bacteria by remaining in the root canal, and calcium hydroxide has been recommended as one of the most effective antimicrobial dressings during endodontic therapy. The herbal agents offer an alternative to synthetic compounds. They have been considered either non-toxic or less toxic. The rapid increase in antibiotic-resistant strains and side effects caused by synthetic drugs have prompted researchers to look for herbal alternatives.

Aim and Objective:

The in vitro study aims to evaluate and compare the antibacterial activity of triphala and calcium hydroxide against Enterococcus faecalis as an intracanal medicament

Materials and Methods:

The antimicrobial efficacy of triphala and calcium hydroxide was evaluated against E. faecalis cultured and incubated for various time frames in 42 intact, caries-free, human, single-rooted teeth with straight roots and mature apices. The comparison of the number of counted colonies after each incubation time and based on the type of drug used inside the canal is evaluated using non-parametric Kruskal–Wallis test and Mann–Whitney U test, respectively. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS version 14.0.

Results:

Efficacy of calcium hydroxide against Enterococcus faecalis was best in the first 72-hr time duration compared with triphala. Triphala showed significant antimicrobial activity against Enterococcus faecalis that was closely parallel to the calcium hydroxide group in one week. Calcium hydroxide and triphala had complete eradication of Enterococcus faecalis in a given one-month time duration.
A Comparative Clinical Study to Assess the Role of Antibiotics in Periodontal Flap Surgery
Authors: Singhi Arpit , Sharma Anant Raghav , Nath Jishnu , Sharma Sangeeta , Marri Ranjitha , Ekka Rashmi Kiran
Published: July 2022

Introduction:

Periodontitis is a multifaceted disease that results from the intricate interplay of infectious pathogens and host factors. Periodontal surgical techniques may be required in moderate to severe cases of chronic periodontitis. As a result of the potential for postoperative infection to have a substantial impact on the surgical outcome, an attempt will be made in the study to assess the role of antibiotics in periodontal flap procedures in minimizing postoperative infections.

Methodology:

From the Department of Periodontics and Oral Implantology, 30 patients (male and female) with moderate to severe chronic periodontitis were chosen. Amoxicillin 500 mg three times a day for 5 days following surgery was given in the therapeutic group (15 patients). Antibiotics were not provided to the control group (15 patients) after surgery. Both groups were administered analgesics and antiseptic mouthwash. On the seventh day after suture removal, patients were assessed for pain (measured on a visual analogue scale [VAS]), modified gingival index, wound healing index, swelling, fever, ulceration, and delayed wound healing.

Results:

The VAS reported in the control group was 2.67, while the VAS recorded in the therapeutic group was 2.20. The mean modified gingival index score in the control group was 0.94, while it was 0.67 in the therapeutic group. The mean Wound Healing Index score in the control group was 3.80, whereas it was 3.97 in the therapeutic group. When antibiotics were administered to patients, they reported less pain and faster wound healing. Following flap surgery with or without antibiotics, however, there were no statistically significant variations in all clinical measures.

Conclusion:

The findings of our study imply that antibiotics for the sole goal of avoiding postsurgical infections may not be beneficial.
The Effects of Corticotomy and Piezocision in Orthodontic Canine Retraction
Authors: Sonone Truppti P. , Nawab Aftab , Krishnaraj Parthiban , Nagar Priya , Arya  , Mohan Ipshita
Published: July 2022

Background:

There have been many studies and experiments to evaluate the effectiveness of different types of dental treatment. Maxillary canine extraction is such a dental treatment which can be performed through either alveolar corticotomy (AC) or piezocision (PZ). The current study aims to compare the effectiveness of these two types of dental procedures. It is based on a randomized clinical trial (RCT) through the split-mouth technique supported by a parallel group design. The participants in the trial were selected on the basis of a medical criterion. The clinical trial involved extraction of both the first maxillary premolar teeth through use of orthodontic instruments. This study aims to evaluate the comparative effectiveness of alveolar corticotomy and piezocision corticotomy in acceleration of maxillary canine retraction and how it can be used for expression of multiple bone remodeling gingival crevicular fluid (GCF). As part of this study, a RCT was performed on the basis of split-mouth technique at the Department of Orthodontics of Pontifical Catholic University at Minas Gerais in Brazil. The sample size for the clinical trial consisted of people who required extraction of maxillary premolar teeth after canine extraction. After digital intraoral scans, the cumulative distal movement of canines was measured on the basis of superimposition of digital model and the results were considered as the primary outcome of the study. The GCF bone remodeling samples were considered as the secondary outcomes.

Results:

50 patients, involving 22 males and 28 females were analyzed in this particular clinical trial. The age range that was considered for this clinical trial was 19–33 years. In case of understanding the distal movement between control and AC, no statistical significance was observed in Group1 (G1). Lower cumulative cervical and incisal measurements in case of PZ was lower than the measurement in the control state. In all the groups, the expression of the biomarkers had occurred in specific timepoints (P < 0.05) but no distinct pattern was observed.

Conclusions:

In order to accelerate the maxillary canine retraction, PZ and AC were ineffective. No distinct induction pattern of biomarker expression was noted as well.
Botox and Dermal Fillers in Orthodontics – A Review
Authors: Sonone Truppti Pavinvhandra , Soni Vivek , Gupta Soumya , Shekatkar Yash K. , Thorat Aniket S. , Pol Tejas R.
Published: July 2022

Botulinum toxin and derma fillers have made their way into dentistry in recent years for both cosmetic and medicinal purposes. They are here to stay, and with more and more intraoral applications, they are quickly becoming a standard element of dental treatment. They offer the most important, minimally invasive procedures at a cheap cost and with little to no downtime. Botox and derma fillers are used together for rejuvenation and esthetic operations nowadays. The mechanism of action and numerous uses of Botox and derma fillers in the maxillofacial areas, as well as their future implications in dentistry are discussed in this article.
Biological Self-Repair of Periodontium and Pulp in a Pediatric Patient with Trauma and Extrusive Luxation -A Case Report
Authors: Anbuselvan Gobichettipalayam Jagatheeswaran , Ila Anbu , Karthi Muthukumar , Mahalakshmi Bakthavathsalam , Mukilan Ramasamy
Published: July 2022

In a general dental practice and in dental institution, traumatic emergency cases report for dental and orofacial injuries in children. This case report discusses a trauma case involving luxation of maxillary incisor tooth, treatment has been done and review of literature in regard to this.
Assessment of Dimensional Changes in Periodontium with Immediate Replacement of Tooth by Socket-shield Technique
Authors: Goutam Manish , Singh Harkanwal Preet , Sharma Deepak , Kumar Santosh , Marish Panjami , Sonune Shital J.
Published: July 2022

Background:

The reduction of alveolar bone volume following tooth extraction may interfere with the placement of implants. The present study was conducted to assess dimensional changes in periodontium with immediate replacement of tooth by socket-shield technique.

Materials and Methods:

Twenty fractured central incisors were enrolled, and periodontal ligament (PDL)-mediated root preservation technique was planned with simultaneous implant placement.

Results:

Out of 20 patients, males were 11 and females were 9. Preoperatively, buccolingual alveolar bone width was 8.1 mm and postoperatively, 9.0 mm. There was 2.1 mm bone loss preoperatively and 2.2 mm postoperatively. The difference was significant (P < 0.05).

Conclusion:

PDL-mediated root preservation technique with simultaneous implant placement is effective.
A Comparative Study on Accuracy of SRK-T And Haigis Formulas in IOL Power Calculation in Axial Myopes Undergoing Cataract Surgery
Authors: Amulya Padmini H M , Dhananjaya K H , Budihal Shivaraj B. , Naik Gajaraj T.
Published: July 2022

Background and Objective:

It has been a significant challenge since the advent of intraocular lens to give the best postoperative visual acuity and prevent refractive surprises due to biometry error. Among myopic eyes, it has been a debate among the various formulas introduced and their efficacy to prevent postoperative refractive surprises. Hence, the need for an accurate formula in high myopic eyes is obligatory.

Objectives of the Study:

To compare the accuracy of SRK-T and Haigis formulas in IOL power calculation in axial myopic eyes undergoing cataract surgery.

Methods:

A total of 50 cases with axial length >24 mm were taken up for the study and were examined in detail and error between both formulas were assessed.

Results:

The mean age of the subjects in the study was 53.50 ± 16.12 years; 27 were males, and 23 were females. The majority of patients had PSC + NS II. Seven out of 50 cases had posterior staphyloma. Most of the patients had average K value in the 44–46-D range. AL of most of the patients (66%) was between 24 and 26 mm. The majority of patients had IOL power >15 D, and 82% (41 eyes) were found to have no post-op complications. Four eyes had severe iritis, and five eyes had striate keratopathy. At the follow-up at 6th week postoperatively, 82% were found to have 6/6–6/9 vision on Snellen's chart. Four eyes had 6/12–6/24 post-op vision, mainly attributed to primary PCO. Five eyes (10%) had <6/24 post op vision at the end of 1 week due to the presence of posterior staphyloma. A higher percentage of eyes in the SRK/T group had a mean error >0.5 D. Upon comparing the mean error between the two groups, P was 0.005; hence, the results are statistically very significant, showing that Haigis formula is better than SRK/T formula in achieving target refraction (−1) in myopic eyes undergoing phacoemulsification.

Interpretation and Conclusion:

Our study shows that Haigis formula was better than SRK/T formula for achieving the target postoperative refraction in high axial myopes.
Orofacial Features and Their Correlation in Cardiovascular Diseases
Authors: Sinha Sonal , Toshi Toshi , Raj Nikhil , Mankotia Chahat Singh , Kumari Khushboo , Irfan Ahamed KA , Rangari Priyadarshini
Published: July 2022

Background:

The association between cardiovascular diseases and periodontitis had different pathophysiological mechanisms involved. These mechanisms are both inflammatory and microbial. Furthermore, the possible association between two diseases can be explained by common risk factors.

Aims:

The present trial was carried out to establish a relation between coronary artery disease and periodontitis.

Materials and Methods:

One hundred and twenty-six participants advised for the angiography were included. Periodontists determined the presence of periodontitis in all participants followed by lipid profile, C-reactive protein (CRP) levels, and blood coronary angiography was then performed. The collected data were subjected to the statistical analysis, and the results were formulated.

Results:

The level of CRP in participants with and without coronary artery disease was 0.66 ± 1.52 and 0.53 ± 1.01, respectively, which was nonsignificant with a P = 0.63. Nonstatistically significant difference was seen in values of cholesterol and blood glucose in participants with and without coronary artery disease (P = 0.28 and P = 0.53). The mean tooth loss in participants with coronary artery disease was 14.2 ± 6.4 and in participants with no coronary artery disease was 11.8 ± 6.5, and such difference was statistically significant (P = 0.05).

Conclusion:

The present study establishes an association between poor oral health, periodontitis, and coronary artery disease. This study demonstrates that tooth loss which is an important feature of periodontitis is significantly associated with coronary artery disease.
Management of Gingival Recession by Coronally Advanced Flap with and Without Amniotic Membrane
Authors: Nath Jishnu , Changmai Arindom , Bhattacharjee Kalpajyoti , Phukan Anuve H. , Chakraborty Debjani , Das Ujjal
Published: July 2022

Purpose:

Recently, human amniotic membrane (AM) has been reported to have regenerative potential that facilitate repair in the field of oral and periodontal surgeries.

Methods:

Eighteen subjects with bilateral Miller's class I gingival recession defects were selected. Subjects were allocated randomly to treatment with coronally positioned flap + amnion allograft (test group) and coronally positioned flap alone (control group). The clinical parameters used in this study were width of attached gingiva (AG), clinical attachment level (CAL), pocket depth (PD), width of keratinized gingiva (WKG), length of gingival recession (RL), width of gingival recession (RW).

Results:

The mean width of attached gingiva at the control sites (A) was found to be 1.33 ± 0.50 mm (range 1.00–2.00), 2.00 ± 0.71 mm (range 2.00–3.00) and 2.22 ± 0.67 mm (range 2.00–3.00) on day 0, 90 and 180, respectively. Thus, it was increased by 0.67 mm and 0.89 mm on day 90 and 180 compared to that of the baseline, which are 50% and 67%, respectively.

Conclusions:

It can be concluded that combined coronally advanced flap and amniotic membrane have additional advantage in the outcome of periodontal therapy in the management of gingival recession.
Assessment of Effect of Fluoride on Titanium Dental Implants
Authors: Goutam Manish , Kumar Santosh , Sushma K.N. , Kharat Neetu , Shankar Daya , Shrivastava Namita
Published: July 2022

Background:

Titanium has always been the material of choice for dental implants. The present study was conducted to assess effect of fluoride on titanium dental implants.

Materials and Methods:

Forty samples of pure titanium and Ti–6Al–4V were tested in an electrochemical cell.

Results:

Ecorr/V of titanium implant in artificial saliva was −0.42, and in artificial saliva, +0.25% NaF was −0.63. Ecorr/V of Ti–6Al–4V in artificial saliva was −0.56 and in artificial saliva +0.25% NaF was −0.60.

Conclusion:

There was significant effect of fluoride on titanium implants in terms of corrosion.
To Drill or not to Drill
Authors: Ravisankar M.S , Arya K.S , Gaffoor Faisal MA , John Sunil , Girish C. Sabari , Aravindan Ashitha
Published: July 2022

Introduction:

The emergence of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic poses an immense global health challenge. It also had a profound impact on dentistry with all elective treatment grinding to half initially and a slow phased return to normal services. The aim of the article is to provide an insight into the effect of COVID-19 on endodontic treatment.

Materials and Methods:

A cross-sectional study among endodontists of various southern states of India was conducted from January 1, 2021 to March 31, 2021, using an online questionnaire. A total of 300 dentists who perform endodontic treatment in daily clinical practice were chosen for the survey. The information was coded, entered, and analyzed utilizing SPSS 20.0 version.

Results:

A total of 263 questionnaires were answered by the selected group. About 92.01% of endodontists have made changes in infection control including modification in their personal protective equipment and duration of the interval between their appointments. A whopping 74.14% of endodontists faced the economic loss of varying degrees due to the pandemic. In general tremendous changes have been occurred in their daily practice following the pandemic.

Conclusion:

The pandemic's current and enduring consequences on every part of our lives have been a cause of pain and frustration, but it has also highlighted the human spirit's resilience. Ideally, endodontists must be able to select the best arrangements for safely performing their procedures.
Coronavirus (COVID-19) and Stress
Authors: Avinash Bhagyalakshmi , Sadashivamurthy Prashanth , Shivamallu Avinash Bettahalli , Ali Irfan
Published: July 2022

Coronavirus (COVID-19) being a pandemic has affected us by affecting our mental health, creating confusion and uncertainties. Every human being is different and thus each of us reacts differently. It can be a positive or negative feeling. It is important to understand what we are feeling and how do we lead to a change. A simple understanding of how every action will have a positive side toward it will lead us to a happier and healthier place to live. Certainly, this COVID-19 has given us a cleaner and greener environment and that is a positive takeaway from this pandemic.
Precision Attachment Boon to Prosthodontists
Authors: Ghiaz Khalid , Shaik Sabiha Shaheen , John Peter , Kumar Anjan , Vijayakumar Nyklesh
Published: July 2022

Rehabilitation of distal extension cases is one of the common challenges in dentistry as fabrication of fixed prosthesis is impossible. For the prosthetic rehabilitation of distal extension, implant-supported prosthesis, cast partial denture, and precision attachment prosthesis can be used. Precision attachment helps in the distribution of masticatory forces, minimizes trauma to abutments and soft tissues, improves the esthetics, and retains proprioception and thus better comfort to the patient. This case report presents the fabrication of precision attachment to retain maxillary and mandibular partial dentures.
Analysis of Advances in Research Trends in Robotic and Digital Dentistry
Authors: Kumar P. Ravi , Ravindranath Kolla Venkata , Srilatha V. , Alobaoid Mohammed A. , Kulkarni Manisha Mangesh , Mathew Tony , Tiwari Heena Dixit
Published: July 2022

Introduction:

The world has been transformed after invention of robotics, digitalization, and artificial intelligence. Their application in the medical field is well recorded; however, their application in dentistry is still being recognized. Hence, in our study, we aimed to analyze the advances in research trends in the digital and the robotics specifically to the dental fields.

Material and Methods:

We conducted a search for articles that recorded the use of robots, digitalization, and artificial intelligence in dentistry, specifically in endodontics. We piloted a questionnaire study to evaluate the awareness and application of these technologies by the clinicians. The results are presented as various applications of these technologies and the number of the articles for various terminologies. The application of these technologies was compared between the clinicians using ANOVA, with P < 0.05 being significant.

Results:

We observed a significant difference between the clinicians regarding the application of these technologies and lower awareness was noted. None of the participants used these technologies in practice. Of the total 20 articles that we had finalized, we observed that these technologies helped in studying the various pathologies and structures that were unviewed previously, as well as treatments, prognosis, and outcomes.

Conclusions:

There is a low awareness of these advanced technologies and application in routine practice. These technologies show greater precision and accuracy. However, the application of these in daily clinical practice and the economy are to be evaluated.
Comparative Evaluation of Three-Dimensional Plating Systems in Maxillofacial Trauma
Authors: Ravindranath Kolla Venkata , Ahmed Asma , Karpe Tanveer , Pushpa Suran , Karuna  , Managutti Anil , Tiwari Rahul V. C.
Published: July 2022

Introduction:

Many advanced techniques and materials have been introduced in the recent years with the advent of the new designing technology. Hence, in our study, we aimed to compare in maxillofacial trauma, the three-dimensional (3D) plating systems.

Materials and Methods:

We piloted a prospective clinical study among 50 subjects of both genders with mandibular parasymphysis fracture. We compared the 3D miniplates with the two-dimensional (2D) miniplates where the subjects were divided into 2 groups equally. The clinical parameters were compared at different times of follow-up after the surgery.

Results:

We observed that there was a similar distribution of the genders and the side of the fracture of the parasymphysis. There was a significant difference between the groups for the mouth opening while there was no significant difference for the sensory deficit. The subjects recovered better with the 3D mini-plates.

Conclusion:

The mandibular fractures can be successfully treated with the 3D miniplates that help in a quick and efficient recovery.
Cervical Abrasion, Sexual Dimorphism, and Anthropometric Tooth Dimension
Authors: Ali Abdul Salam Thekkiniyakath , Varghese Sheeja S. , Shenoy Rekha Prashanth
Published: July 2022

Introduction:

The aim of this study was to analyze the anatomic crowns of the maxillary and mandibular dentition concerning the mesiodistal, buccolingual measurements which will be used to establish normative data as a part of comprehensive study being carried out to determine the depth of the cervical abrasion (CA) of the individuals by predicting the CA Index of Treatment Needs (CAITN) score.

Materials and Methods:

A newly developed instrument termed as CAITN probe was used to measure CA of the tooth more quantitatively. The mesiodistal and buccolingual width of all the 14 maxillary and mandibular teeth from the right second permanent molar to the left second permanent molar of the study sample was measured. The ratio between buccolingual and mesiodistal measurements of each tooth of the maxillary and mandibular arch of the study sample (n=100) was also determined. Statistical analysis was performed using the SPSS 26.0 software.

Results:

Descriptive statistics were calculated for each group independently. The statistical significance of the difference in mean in mesiodistal and buccolingual diameters between males and females was calculated using the t-test for independent samples with p < 0.05. The ratio was highest in the left second premolar (1.752) and least in the right central incisor (0.980) of the maxillary arch. Similarly, the ratio was highest in the left central incisor (1.723) and least in the left second molar (0.910) of the mandibular arch.

Conclusion:

The present study was conducted as an initial step in the process of development of the novel tool or index enabling the dentists to organize the health-care needs of their patients by facilitating standardized identification of CA with objective measurements used for epidemiological or community purpose.
An In vitro Shear Bond Strength Study to Evaluate the Efficacy of Moisture-Insensitive Primer
Authors: Rajan Manjith , Mailankody Jayarama
Published: July 2022

Aims:

We aimed to evaluate and compare the efficacy of moisture-insensitive primer (MIP) Transbond MIP while bonding to wet enamel surface.

Materials and Methods:

This study was done on 100 freshly extracted human premolar teeth, collected from the Department of Oral Surgery, Government Dental College, Calicut. They were stored in distilled water at room temperature. All teeth were healthy and without caries lesion, no evidence of surface defects, or any developmental morphological aberrations. Teeth were divided into 5 groups of twenty each for the testing and Brackets were bonded onto the tooth surface in 5 different bonding sequences using Transbond XT and Transbond MIP..

Results:

All the three groups of MIP have gained statistically significant higher SBS compared to Group I (Transbond XT primer in wet). Marked decrease in SBS of Transbond XT resin in wet environment was deduced. MIP in repriming sequence (Group IV) is found to have higher bond strength than other MIP groups.

Conclusions:

Clinical acceptability of Transbond MIP in wet environment could be recommended. MIP repriming should be done in cases where there is a doubt of contamination with saliva after initial primer application.