bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tracking Demographic Movements and Immunization Status to Improve Children's Access to Immunization (TDM-IAI): Protocol for a Field-Based Randomized Controlled Trial (Preprint)
Authors: Ateudjieu Jérôme , Yakum Ndinakie Martin , Goura André Pascal , Guenou Etienne , Beyala Landry Bita’a , Amada Lapia , Ngoche Isabelle , Kiadjieu Frank Forex , Nangue Charlette , Djosseu Elvis Briand Soukep , Kenfack Bruno
Published: June 2020

BACKGROUND

In Cameroon, the coverage, completeness, and timeliness of the Expanded Programme on Immunization (EPI) vaccines administration in children have remained heterogeneous and below the national and districts targets in several districts. In an effort to solve this problem, many interventions have been tested but none has shown significant improvement of the situation.

OBJECTIVE

This trial aims to test whether involving Community Volunteers to assess children vaccination status and demographic movements and using recorded data to plan catch-up immunization sessions can improve children vaccination timeliness, completeness and coverage.

METHODS

Communities of the Foumban Health district, West region of Cameroon will be selected and assigned to either intervention or control groups using a restricted randomization of 2. In the intervention group, one Community Volunteer per community will be trained to visit households and record EPI-targeted children in a register, record their demographic movements, and assess their immunization status monthly for a year. The information recorded will be snapped and sent to the competent health center immunization team through WhatsApp. These will be used to plan and implement monthly community catch up immunization sessions in collaboration with the community volunteer. In the control group, the routine immunization sessions will be conducted with health centers organizing either weekly vaccination sessions for communities situated not farther than 5 kilometers away from the health facility or monthly vaccination sessions in communities situated more than 5 kilometers away from the health center. Baseline, mid-term and end-line surveys will be conducted to assess and compare immunization coverage, timeliness, and completeness.

RESULTS

Funded in 2018, data collection started in 2018 and has been completed. Data analysis and reporting are ongoing.

CONCLUSIONS

This trial is expecting to test an innovative approach to improving children’s immunization timeliness, completeness and coverage of immunization by tracking EPI targeted population vaccination status and denominator at household level and building collaboration between the community and health facilities vaccination teams to organize monthly community-based response vaccination sessions. This intervention is expected to improve children sustainable access to EPI vaccination as it offers assessing and responding to their immunization needs at monthly basis using low cost local human resources.

CLINICALTRIAL

Pan African Clinical Trials Registry ID PACTR201808527428720; tinyurl.com/u058qnse

INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT

DERR1-10.2196/21734
Behavior Change Text Messages for Home Exercise Adherence in Knee Osteoarthritis: Randomized Trial (Preprint)
Authors: Bennell Kim , Nelligan Rachel K , Schwartz Sarah , Kasza Jessica , Kimp Alexander , Crofts Samuel JC , Hinman Rana S
Published: June 2020

BACKGROUND

Exercise is a core recommended treatment for knee osteoarthritis (OA), yet adherence declines, particularly following cessation of clinician supervision.

OBJECTIVE

This study aims to evaluate whether a 24-week SMS intervention improves adherence to unsupervised home exercise in people with knee OA and obesity compared with no SMS.

METHODS

A two-group superiority randomized controlled trial was performed in a community setting. Participants were people aged 50 years with knee OA and BMI ≥30 kg/m2 who had undertaken a 12-week physiotherapist-supervised exercise program as part of a preceding clinical trial. Both groups were asked to continue their home exercise program unsupervised three times per week for 24 weeks and were randomly allocated to a behavior change theory–informed, automated, semi-interactive SMS intervention addressing exercise barriers and facilitators or to control (no SMS). Primary outcomes were self-reported home exercise adherence at 24 weeks measured by the Exercise Adherence Rating Scale (EARS) Section B (0-24, higher number indicating greater adherence) and the number of days exercised in the past week (0-3). Secondary outcomes included self-rated adherence (numeric rating scale), knee pain, physical function, quality of life, global change, physical activity, self-efficacy, pain catastrophizing, and kinesiophobia.

RESULTS

A total of 110 participants (56 SMS group and 54 no SMS) were enrolled and 99 (90.0%) completed both primary outcomes (48/56, 86% SMS group and 51/54, 94% no SMS). At 24 weeks, the SMS group reported higher EARS scores (mean 16.5, SD 6.5 vs mean 13.3, SD 7.0; mean difference 3.1, 95% CI 0.8-5.5; P=.01) and more days exercised in the past week (mean 1.8, SD 1.2 vs mean 1.3, SD 1.2; mean difference 0.6, 95% CI 0.2-1.0; P=.01) than the control group. There was no evidence of between-group differences in secondary outcomes.

CONCLUSIONS

An SMS program increased self-reported adherence to unsupervised home exercise in people with knee OA and obesity, although this did not translate into improved clinical outcomes.

CLINICALTRIAL

Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry 12617001243303; https://tinyurl.com/y2ud7on5

INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT

RR2-10.1186/s12891-019-2801-z
Harnessing Digital Health Technologies During and After the COVID-19 Pandemic: Context Matters (Preprint)
Authors: Petracca Francesco , Ciani Oriana , Cucciniello Maria , Tarricone Rosanna
Published: June 2020

UNSTRUCTURED

A common development observed during the COVID-19 pandemic is the renewed reliance on digital health technologies. Prior to the pandemic, the uptake of digital health technologies to directly strengthen public health systems had been unsatisfactory; however, a relentless acceleration took place within health care systems during the COVID-19 pandemic. Therefore, digital health technologies could not be prescinded from the organizational and institutional merits of the systems in which they were introduced. The Italian National Health Service is strongly decentralized, with the national government exercising general stewardship and regions responsible for the delivery of health care services. Together with the substantial lack of digital efforts previously, these institutional characteristics resulted in delays in the uptake of appropriate solutions, territorial differences, and issues in engaging the appropriate health care professionals during the pandemic. An in-depth analysis of the organizational context is instrumental in fully interpreting the contribution of digital health during the pandemic and providing the foundation for the digital reconstruction of what is to come after.
Быстродействующая атомно-силовая и сканирующая капиллярная микроскопия в решении задач материаловедения, биологии и медицины
Authors: Яминский И.В. , Ахметова А.И.
Published: June 2020

Разработка высокоэффективных режимов быстродействующего сканирующего зондового микроскопа, в первую очередь атомно-силовой и сканирующей капиллярной микроскопии, представляет особый интерес для успешного проведения биомедицинских исследований: изучения биологических процессов и морфологии биополимеров, определения антибио­тикорезистентности бактерий, адресной доставки биомакромолекул, скринингу лекарств, раннему обнаружению биологических агентов (вирусов и бактерий) и др.

The development of highly efficient modes of a high-speed scanning probe microscope, primarily atomic force and scanning capillary microscopy, is of particular interest for successful biomedical research:
studying biological processes and the morphology of biopolymers, determining antibiotic resistance of bacteria, targeted delivery of biomacromolecules, drug screening, early detection agents (viruses and
bacteria), etc.
Incidencia de la actitud conductual en las intenciones emprendedoras en estudiantes universitarios
Authors: Diez Farhat Said , Guevara Rubén
Published: June 2020

Las intenciones emprendedoras han sido un tema estudiado con frecuencia por la comunidad científica. La literatura existente expresan argumentos variados, en el cual el tema central es como se determina la intención emprendedora. El presente estudio incluyó tres propósitos específicos. El primero fue explicar la incidencia de la proactividad en las intenciones emprendedoras en los estudiantes de pregrado; el segundo fue explicar la incidencia de la propensión al riesgo en las intenciones emprendedoras en los estudiantes de pregrado y el tercero fue explicar la incidencia de la autoeficacia en las intenciones emprendedoras en los estudiantes de pregrado. La recolección de datos fue realizada en ocho universidades ubicadas en las tres provincias de mayor población, importancia económica y número de estudiantes universitarios en el Ecuador. Mediante el análisis usando modelos de ecuaciones estructurales se demostró que la autoeficacia como factor reflectivo de segundo orden y la proactividad como factor reflectivo unidimensional, tienen una influencia significativa en la intención emprendedora de los estudiantes universitarios de Ecuador.
WELLNESS TOURISM IN UBUD. “A QUALITATIVE APPROACH TO STUDY THE ASPECTS OF WELLNESS TOURISM DEVELOPMENT”
Authors: Meikassandra Prilicia , Prabawa I Wayan Sukma Winarya , Mertha I Wayan
Published: June 2020

This study aims to describe the aspects of wellness tourism development in Ubud. Adopted from Corbin theory (2006)  which states the body, mind and spirit as part of the five dimensions of wellness, namely physical wellness, emotional wellness, social wellness, intellectual wellness, and spiritual wellness, authors would therefore to identify product wellness, wellness activities, wellness dimension and life cycle of development of wellness tourism in Ubud. This study uses qualitative research methods, starting with literature studies related research about wellness tourism and in-depth interviews with wellness service providers in Ubud. In this study, the authors reviewed the literatures and analyzed the information collected from eight wellness service providers. The eight informants are determined by considering the type of wellness service scale such as spa resorts, health resorts, retreat centers, and wellness centers, located in Ubud. The results showed that wellness tourism in Ubud had fulfilled aspects and dimensions of wellness. This is reflected from the identification which was resulted where the highest-demanded wellness products in Ubud, namely yoga retreats, meditation retreats, spiritual retreats, detoxes and spa resorts. While wellness activities in Ubud are considered more relevant to Balinese-Hinduism lifestyles such as customs, cultural-religion activities and valuable-local knowledge of Balinese herbs in which are part of the wellness experience offered in Ubud. While in the terms of phase of development, the current situation of wellness tourism stays in development phase.
The Influence of Good Corporate Governance on Sukuk Rating
Authors: Astuti Retno Puji
Published: June 2020

This objective of this study to determine the influence of sukuk ratings on corporate governance. Proxy of the corporate governance that used is institutional ownership, frequency of board meeting, board size, and audit committee. The population in this studies are financial and non-financial companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX), and issue bonds that are rated by PEFINDO in 2012-2017. The research was conducted with quantitative methods. The analysis methods used in this study is multiple linear regression and assisted by SPSS version 20. The results of this research indicate that institutional ownership has significantly positive affect on sukuk rating, frequency of board meeting has insignificantly negative affect on sukuk rating and board size has significantly negative affect on sukuk rating and audit committee has  significantly positive affect on sukuk rating..
THE AGRICULTURE TAX SYSTEM AND THE PERSPECTIVE OF ITS CHANGES IN THE OPINION OF FARMERS IN THE WARMIŃSKO- -MAZURSKIE VOIVODESHIP
Authors: Kisiel Roman , Lizińska Wiesława , Senyszyn Olga
Published: June 2020

The research aim is to verify opinions among farmers in Poland about the current taxation system, and their willingness to possibly approve of reforms of taxes in agriculture. Direct research using a questionnaire was conducted in the second half of 2018 among 197 farm owners from four districts in the Warmińsko-Mazurskie Voivodeship. For about 1/3 of the farmers surveyed, introducing changes to the tax system would cause too much financial burden in relation to the level of income achieved. The farmers confirm the legitimacy of favouring agriculture in the taxation system, which they are not completely satisfied with in this form. At the same time, 55% of respondents were not ready to accept the new rules of system operation, while about 20% of respondents would be able to accept the reform. They pointed out various reform proposals, the best solution (34.52% of respondents) would be to liquidate the agricultural tax and replace it with a land tax (in the amount of 50% of the agricultural tax rate). According to 27% of respondents, the current tax system is adequate and does not require changes.
SELF-GOVERNMENT BUDGETS AS A SOURCE OF FUNDING OF CULTURE AND CULTURAL HERITAGE IN POLAND: A REGIONAL PERSPECTIVE
Authors: Powęska Halina
Published: June 2020

Territorial self-governments as structures operating on a regional and local basis are the main source for financing cultural expenditures in Poland. A total of around 70% of all cultural heritage expenses came from commune, county (powiat) and voivodship budgets. Consequently, a research question was asked whether and to what extent the financing of culture from the budgets of territorial self-governments is spatially diverse. The main purpose of this study is to determine the regional differentiation of spending on culture and cultural heritage from local government budgets. An attempt was also made to indicate the reasons for these differences. For statistical analyses the data of the Local Data Bank of the Statistics Poland (Główny Urząd Statystyczny) were used. Regional differentiation was demonstrated regarding the share of culture in the expenditure from local government budgets. The spatial distribution of the phenomenon is the result of the interaction of three factors: the level of socio-economic development, cultural potential, and cultural policy of the voivodship self-governments.
DIRECTIONS OF FUNCTIONAL FOOD MARKET DEVELOPMENT IN LIGHT OF NEW CONSUMER TRENDS
Authors: Szwacka-Mokrzycka Joanna , Kociszewski Michał
Published: June 2020

The main aim of the article is to present the directions of functional food market development in Poland and in the world against the background of changing patterns of consumer behaviour. The presentation of the concept and functions performed by this product category shall be the starting point. Consumer trends developed over the last decade are presented, with particular attention paid to changes in food consumer preferences and the role of marketing activities in this process. The last part of the study refers to the trends in the development of functional food in Poland compared to the world market.
DETERMINANTS OF DEBT IN RURAL MUNICIPALITIES ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE WARMIŃSKO-MAZURSKIE VOIVODESHIP
Authors: Wichowska Anna
Published: June 2020

One of the major consequences of the economic crisis with which the local governments had to deal was growing debt, the implications of which could endanger the continuity of public services. It appears that the largest cities in Poland were especially exposed to the negative effects of the indebtedness, yet the problem affected the village communes as well. Therefore, the main aim of the article was to assess the level of indebtedness of rural communes against other communes as well as to identify the determinants of the debt. As an example for the analysis communes of the Warmińsko-Mazurskie Voivodeship were selected, as the region is characterized by a high share of rural areas as well as a rather unfavourable economic situation. The general indebtedness of the selected rural communes remained at a relatively low level in comparison to the urban and urban-rural communes. Findings also suggest that the level of debt was influenced primarily by such factors as the number of inhabitants in the studied area, the number of primary schools, as well as the share of the post-working age population in the population total.
Treatment of sugar industry effluent using an electrocoagulation process: Process optimization using the response surface methodology
Authors: Gondudey Shreyas , Kumar Chaudhari , Dharmadhikari Sandeep , Singh Thakur
Published: June 2020

Wastewater of sugar industries has a high pollutant load due to the presence of organic and inorganic materials. Discharge of untreated or partially treated wastewater has a negative effect on the environment and on the life of humans, plants and animals. In our present studies, it was attempted to treat sugar industry effluent (SIE) by an electrocoagulation process (ECP) using mild steel (MS) as the electrode material. For this purpose, three process parameters, namely pH (5?9), current density (j = 34.7?104 A m-2) and treatment time (tR = 20?100 min), were selected to optimize the process using the response surface methodology (RSM). The optimum conditions were pH 6.66, j = = 104 A m-2 and tR = 100 min. The maximum chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal of 75.98 % was achieved under the optimum conditions. The predicted model by RSM showed R2 = 0.9515. After treatment of the effluent, the sludge content in the treated water was separated effectively by filtration and settling.
Fortellingene om Bosnia
Authors: Kozaric Edin
Published: June 2020

Denne artikkelen er en oppmuntring til min generasjon av bosniere i diasporaen om å løsrive forsoningen med fortiden fra kontemporære politiske narrativer og nasjonsbyggingsprosesser i Bosnia. Artikkelen er således et forsvar for anvendelse av krigens mørke kapitler som momenter i narrativer som overskrider de allerede etablerte, og den legger frem et argument for at Bosnias urealiserte fellesskapspotensial utgjør diasporaens mest potente arv etter krigen.
Abstract in English: Stories of Bosnia
This essay is an encouragement for my generation of Bosnians in the diaspora to emancipate processes of consolidation with the past from the contemporary political narratives and nation-building processes in Bosnia. Furthermore, the essay provides a justification for the appropriation of the darker chapters of the Bosnian war as moments in narratives which transcend those already established, and argues that the unrealized communal potential in Bosnia constitutes the diaspora’s most potent heritage after the war.
«Isto sranje, novo pakovanje». 25 år etter Srebrenica: Ideen om etnisk rene stater har fortsatt betydning i Bosnia-Hercegovina
Authors: Kværne Jon Hallvard
Published: June 2020

Det er gått en generasjon siden krigen i Bosnia-Hercegovina var over. Likevel lever landets innbyggere fortsatt i fattigdom og frustrasjon. Det kan virke som et mysterium at Bosnias stabile politiske elite holder seg ved makten i valgperiode etter valgperiode, uten å bli alvorlig utfordret. Dette på tross av at de jevnlig er involvert i korrupsjonsskandaler som tapper staten for ressurser, hindrer en velfungerende administrasjon og ødelegger tilliten mellom borgerne. Hva er det politikerne gir sine velgere, når de ikke kan gi dem fremskritt og velstand? En viktig del av svaret er: ideen om «etnisk rene» stater. Denne ideen betinger fortsatt mye av politikken i Bosnia-Hercegovina så vel som i flere av de andre jugoslaviske etterfølgerstatene. Aktører utenfra utnytter dette for å oppnå egne mål. Spesielt ser det ut som om Republika Srpskas sterke mann, Milorad Dodik, får russisk hjelp i stadige forsøk på å ytterligere sementere etniske skillelinjer i Bosnias statsordning. Men like lite som på 1990-tallet gir ideen om etnisk separasjon svar på hvordan landene i regionen kan oppnå velstand og leve i fred med naboene.
Abstract in English:«Isto sranje, novo pakovanje». 25 Years after Srebrenica: The Idea of Ethnically Pure States Still Influential in Bosnia-Herzegovina
25 years have passed since the end of the war in Bosnia-Herzegovina. In spite of this, the citizens live in poverty and frustration. It is hard to grasp how Bosnia’s enduring political elite can stay in power without being seriously challenged. Even though they regularly figure in corruption scandals that drain the state’s resources, hobble the administration and institutions and destroy mutual trust within the population. What, then, do the politicians offer their voters, when they cannot deliver progress and prosperity? A key part of the answer is: the idea of an ‘ethnically pure’ state. This idea still has a large impact on politics in Bosnia-Herzegovina, as well as in the other Yugoslav successor states. External actors are exploiting the idea for their own purposes; in particular it seems the Republika Srpska strongman, Milorad Dodik, is getting Russian help in his continuing endeavour to further cement ethnic divisions in Bosnia. But just like in the 1990s, the idea of ethnic separation fails to offer solutions as to how the region’s countries can become prosperous and live in peace with their neighbours.
Analysis of the accounting scientific production applied to businesses and economy of scopus
Authors: Buele Nugra Irene , Tahua Luisa , Cuesta Fabián
Published: June 2020

Due to the proliferation of scientific production, bibliometric science is used as a tool for the quantification, grouping and evolutionary evaluation of all documented information of a study group. The purpose of this research is to give a detail of the composition of the Scopus platform during the 2012-2016 period regarding accounting issues. The descriptive aspects of the articles applied to Business and Economy are quantitatively visible. The results show a decrease in the amount of publications over the years of the study. The United Kingdom is exhibited as the country with the highest number of articles, presenting theoretical and bibliographic analysis and accounting perceptions as its main approaches. Journals stipulate different approaches in their studies; however, General Accounting leads these approaches.
Analisa Dampak Kenaikan Setting Tegangan di GI Tarahan Terhadap Performa Sistem 20kV PT. Bukit Asam Tbk
Authors: Gusmedi Herri , Khairudin
Published: June 2020

Intisari — Untuk menangani masalah penurunan tegangan pada penyulang Pesisir, PT. PLN UID Lampung mempertimbangkan untuk menyesuaikan tegangan nominal menjadi 21 kV di terminal bus transfomator di Gardu Induk Tarahan. Jika perubahan tegangan ini dilakukan, akan membawa dampak bagi pelanggan yang terhubung pada penyulang yang bersangkutan, dalam hal ini PT. Bukit Asam Unit Pelabuhan Tarahan yang tersambung pada penyulang Pesisir. Untuk mengantisipasi dampaknya, PTBA Peltar harus menganalisis dengan cermat untuk setiap masalah yang mungkin timbul. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membantu PTBA Peltar dalam mempertimbangkan dan memberikan rekomendasi untuk mengatasi masalah ini dengan mensimulasikan beberapa skenario. Terdapat sembilan skenario yang disimulasikan dalam penelitian ini. Sehingga pada akhirnya, pilihan terbaik yaitu dengan membiarkan konfigurasi jaringan apa adanya saat ini dan memberikan saran untuk menunda perubahan setting tegangan ke 21 kV.Kata kunci — Tap Changer, Transformator, Kenaikan Tegangan, Drop Tegangan, Load Flow.Abstract — To deal with the voltage drop issue on the “Pesisir” feeder, PT. PLN UID Lampung are considering to adjust the nominal voltage to 21 kV at the transfomer terminal bus in Tarahan Substation. If this new setting executed, it will bring an impact to the customer connected to the corresponding feeder in this case PT. Bukit Asam Unit Pelabuhan Tarahan (PTBA Peltar). To anticipate the impact, PTBA Peltar should analyze carefully any problem that may set in. This work helps PT. Bukit Asam to consider and manage any action to deal with this issue by simulating some scenarios. There are nine scenarios simulated in this study. Finnaly the best choise is to let the network configuration as it is and the advice is to postpone the re-adjust transformer tap to 21 kV.Keywords— Tap Changer, Transformer, Overvoltage, Voltage Drop, Load Flow.
Population development and the changes in the economic structure of Finnish urban areas
Authors: Reijo Marie , Valkonen Tapani
Published: June 2020

This article describes population development in urban communities and differences therein found during the period 1975-1990. The causes behind these differences are analyzed by using data on the economic development of the communities (e.g. the changes in industry and unemployment). Economic development in 1975-90 is linked to the regional transition in labor distribution and industrial activity, with a focus on deindustrialization and the growing predominance of the service sector in the trade structure. Using a community typology compiled on the basis of the analyses, estimates are made of future development in various communities up to the year 2010. The article will present the main results of a study which comprises the demographical portion of a multidisciplinary Finnish research program entitled “Prospects for Finnish Localities” .
Determinants of disability pension insidence
Authors: Hytti Helka
Published: June 2020

The study looked at the incidence of disability pensions among Finnish manual workers aged 40-59 in the years 1972-1985. The material consisted of individual level files combining census data with data on pensions and causes of death. Background factors influencing the incidence of pensions were investigated by comparing the tendency to seek and retire on a pension with changes in mortality, the employment situation and the replacement rate of social insurance benefits. The variation in the incidence of disability pensions could partly be attributed to an improvement in the population’s health status, mainly the decreasing severity of circulatory diseases, and partly to employment and social security trends. Changes in the levels of pension and sickness benefits had a major impact on the incidence of pensions. The effects of economic recession were seen to vary with the worker’s status in the labor market.
Reproductive health in the Baltic Sea Area
Authors: Karro Helle
Published: June 2020

This paper aims to compare the reproductive health situation in the selected Baltic area countries - Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Finland, Sweden, and in St. Petersburg. The analyses focus on the trends and incidence of induced abortions, family planning, contraception, and STDs. National data were obtained by sending questionnaires to the medical statistics bureaus o f Estonia. Latvia, Lithuania, and the Russian Family Planning Association. Also, annual official statistical reports and the annual statistics from Estonian, Finnish, and Swedish abortion registers were used. The different reproductive health situations in the Baltic area countries prove that the cornerstones for improved reproductive health (low incidence o f abortions, teenage pregnancies, and STDs) are comprehensive family planning and sex education programs, new health promotion strategies, and openness in society concerning sexuality.
Mortality and causes of death in Helsinki in 1750-1865 with a comparison with Tallin
Authors: Turpeinen Oiva
Published: June 2020

Between 1750 and 1865 the population of Helsinki grew from around 1,500 inhabitants to 23,500 inhabitants. Part of this growth is explained by general population growth, typical of both Finland and the rest of Europe. The fact that Helsinki grew more rapidly compared to the other towns of Finland was due to two additional factors with underlying political causes: one was the building of the fortress of Viapori alongside the town at the end of the 1700s and the other Helsinki’s becoming the capital of autonomous Finland in 1812. This latter decision moved the administrative and in part the economic focal point of Finland from Turku to Helsinki.

The population growth of Helsinki was not the result of an excess of births over deaths, instead it was caused by migration gain. High mortality, again, was linked to the impact of contagious diseases. Intestinal diseases which spread among children by means of food substances raised infant mortality, in particular, but there were also many other diseases (smallpox, measles, whooping cough, diphtheria, and scarlet fever) which carried many small children to their grave. Cholera, which spread to Helsinki repeatedly in the 1800s, killed many of Helsinki’s inhabitants, but nevertheless cholera’s significance has been greatly exaggerated. The most important single killer of the adult population was tuberculosis, but in addition many other diseases, such as typhoid, spotted fever and dysentery, and in part venereal diseases, markedly raised the mortality statistics of Helsinki.

When comparing the remarkably great rises and declines in the annual mortality figures of Helsinki and Tallinn, one notes how very much they coincide. This demonstrates the active contacts existing between the two towns. As a result of the diversity of economic and cultural relations, contagious diseases spread and evolved into epidemics, which rose to great heights in the capitals of both countries, from where they spread to the adjacent regions and other towns. The roads of contagion of Tallinn and Helsinki were partly connected to St. Petersburg, which especially in the 1800s grew into a metropolis even on a European scale. St. Petersburg had extensive international contacts, which facilitated the spread of diseases to rather remote Northern Europe.
Real income and population prospects in the Baltic Sea Area
Authors: Parkkinen Pekka
Published: June 2020

The nine nations bordering on the Baltic Sea differ greatly in regard to both their population and their economic situation. Russia has one hundred times the population of Estonia and in Denmark the real income per capita is six times that of Latvia. When measured by real income per inhabitant, the poor Baltic countries are about half a century behind their rich neighbors, so that there is marked economic pressure to emigrate to these rich neighboring countries. In these poor transition economies the birth rate has plummeted during the last few years and the difference in life expectancy compared to the rich neighboring countries has increased. Even in a situation of rapid economic growth, it is not at all certain that the fertility rate will return to its earlier level.
Generational and gender differences in sexual life in St. Petersburg and urban Finland
Authors: Haavio-Mannila Elina , Rotkirch Anna
Published: June 2020

This article is to our knowledge the first empirical comparison of sexual behavior in Eastern and Western Europe. The timing of some sexual life events, sexual behavior patterns, and sexual satisfaction will be compared on the basis of survey data and sexual autobiographies from urban Finland and St. Petersburg (former Leningrad) in Russia. We were interested in the impact of the so-called sexual revolution taking place in public life in different decades - in Western Europe and Finland in the 1960s. in Russia in the late 1980s. We assumed that this difference would appear as country differences in "traditional” vs. “liberated” sexual behavior, and especially in the sexual satisfaction of women. This hypothesis proved generally to be true, but with several important modifications. The sexual behavior and attitudes in St. Petersburg are shown to have liberalized about 15 years later than in Finnish towns. While the sexual behavior of men and women has become almost similar in Finland, the trend towards equalization of sexual life is not as clear in Russia. Divorce and parallel relationships are more common in Russia, while the number of sexual partners and overall sexual satisfaction is higher in Finland. Country, gender, and generation are the main independent variables of the statistical elaborations. The biographical material is used for exemplifying and interpretative purposes.
Pemasaran Wisata Berbasis Website di Nagari Wisata Harau Kabupaten Lima Puluh Kota
Authors: Putra Trisna , Pasaribu Pasaribu , Wulansari Nidia
Published: June 2020

Salah satu tantagan bagi daerah tujuan wisata dalam revolusi industri 4.0 adalah keberadaan sistem informasi daerah tujuan wisata. Website menjadi salah satu media yang potensial untuk membangun citra positif daerah tujuan wisata di dunia maya. Hal ini harus diantisipasi pengelola daerah tujuan wisata akibat persaingan yang sangat tinggi. Nagari Harau merupakan daerah tujuan wisata alam unggulan di Kabupaten Lima Puluh Kota. Namun dalam dunia maya kawasan ini tidak terekspos secara maksimal. Keterbatasan kemampuan pihak pengelola dalam mempromosikan melalui website adalah kendala utama yang dihadapi. Untuk memenuhi kebutuhan kegiatan pemasaran secara online maka dilakukan kegiatan pengabdian pada masyarakat dengan metode action learning terhadap kelompok Sadar Wisata (pokdarwis). Hasil kegiatan menunjukan keberhasilan dengan indikasi berupa tingginya antusisme peserta. Parameter kesuksesan lainnya dapat dibuktikan dengan dengan aspek kognitif 95%, aspek afektif 95% serta aspek konatif 85%.
Speculative Approach to the Truth in G.W.F. Hegel’s philosophy
Authors:   Saratov National Research State University, Polozova Alla Evgenyevna
Published: June 2020

The study considers the problematic of speculativity of Hegel's philosophy that is relevant to the history of philosophy as well as to the natural history. The concept of truth is considered from the standpoint of the correspondence of knowledge of reality, which correlates with the classical understanding of truth, realized in Hegel's philosophy. A comparative analysis of Hegel's knowledge theory and Kant's knowledge theory allows identifying aspects of speculativity that contain a development potential for religious studies since philosophy's form of truth cognition has been established in the vein of religion. Negativity implements through predicativity and is a core part of a dialectic. A key factor is predicativity. It is the predicate that reveals the subject, shows its nature, reveals a specific objective content that undergoes as it becomes recognized. The main property of a predicate is to provide difference between a subject and other subjects.
«ROSTA Radio Newspaper » as a Mechanism of Power Communication in the Media Space of the 1920s
Authors:   Saratov State Agrarian University, Shalayeva Nadezhda Vladimirovna
Published: June 2020

The First World War and The Civil War, The Revolution and the Bolsheviks’ state transformations in the 1917–1920s led to the need of channels’ creation for wide broadcasting using radio-electronic equipment. The first experience was the appearance of radio in Russia, and then the radio newspaper as a prototype of mass media. In the paper the structure of «Radio newspaper called ROSTA» of 1925–1929 is revealed as well as semantic and lexical features of texts are analyzed and radio broadcasts are characterized as a mechanism of political communication aimed at forming a positive image of power and new perception of the world. The research is conducted with the help of historical, socio-cultural and semiotic-hermeneutic analysis of the radio newspaper’s content. Also the difference between radio newspapers and printed ones was revealed. In the end of the paper the conclusion about the nature, the purpose and the functionality of radio newspapers was made.
International Cooperation of the Bolon Nature Reserve on the Implementation of Interstate Programs for Environmental Protection
Authors:   Komsomolsk-on-Amur State University, Ababkova Natalya Nikolaevna , Bril Anna Vasilievna ,   Komsomolsk-on-Amur State University
Published: June 2020

Summary: The paper uses the example of the Far East to consider the little-studied topic of participation of the Russian nature reserve in the implementation of international programs for environmental protection by the state. For the first time in historiography, special attention is paid to the activities of the Far Eastern reserve “Bolonsky” to preserve the world's biological resources. The objective of this study is to identify the place and role of the Far Eastern reserve in building a dialogue with the countries of the Asia-Pacific region (APR) on the conservation of unique species of wildlife. The presented topic is considered based on the analysis of previously unpublished sources, which determines its scientific novelty. The authors conclude that Russia's close cooperation with other countries in developing and implementing joint agreements contributes not only to solving environmental problems, but also to establishing a constructive dialogue within the Asia-Pacific region as a whole.
Russia, the Cossacks in the Historical Memory of the South Slavs (in the Late XVIII – Early XX Centuries)
Authors:   Kuban State Agrarian University, Zhabchik Svetlana Viktorovna
Published: June 2020

The belief in the support from Russia always lived in the historical memory of the Yugoslavs. The ideological basis of such views was the awareness of the kinship of the Eastern and southern Slavs. There was a number of historical, political, economic and cultural grounds that helped to strengthen Slavic unity. The important factors that united people were historical memory, belonging to the United Orthodox Church, as well as their struggle against the Ottoman Empire. The historical memory of the Serbs and Bulgarians is of lasting value. It reflects the most significant periods of the past, family traditions passed down from generation to generation. The article uses the works of pre-revolutionary authors, as well as the works of Soviet, Russian and Bulgarian researchers. Moreover, the study consider materials from the Central archive of Russian foreign policy, together with personal memoirs and notes of direct participants in these events.
On the Nature of Communicative Nature of Thinking
Authors:   Chechen State Pedagogical University, Betilmerzaeva Maret Muslamovna ,   Chechen State University
Published: June 2020

The goal of the present research is to substantiate the position on the communicative nature of thinking. To achieve the set goal, the concepts of “thinking” and “communication” were analyzed. There is also provided a terminological note with regard to the usage of the concept of “autopoiesis” in the works of H. Maturana, F. Varela, N. Luhmann и E. Thompson. In the framework of the research, the author elaborates an idea that the genesis of any thinking is determined by its communicative nature. Communications play a sensemaking and formative role in the process of thinking. The author interprets thinking as an autopoiesic process, where communications provoke it to expression in various forms. The proposed author’s interpretation of the communicative space and time on the basis of N. Luman’s theory of communication allows to structure social reality and identify the factors of determination of mental and cognitive characteristics in the ethnocultural context. The main research methods are the method of dialectical analysis as well as a comparative approach.
“The Case of Perm Medical Commission”: Corruption Practices in the Urals in the First Half of the 1930s
Authors:   Ural branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Sushkov Andrei Valeryevich
Published: June 2020

The paper considers the daily life and management practice of party and economic leaders of the city of Perm of the Ural (Sverdlovsk) region in the first half of the 1930s. The facts of illegal spending of financial and material resources for personal purposes are analyzed on the basis of documents of party control bodies from the Center of Documentation of public organizations of the Sverdlovsk region. According to the documents, the source of luxurious life of the local party nomenclature, in addition to budgetary funds, was financial resources of enterprises, organizations and institutions. The key city officials and their “inner circle” lived in fairly comfortable conditions, even in hungry times they held banquets and parties and wore expensive clothes. The author came to conclusion that corruption activity of economic and party leaders ran contrary to the image of a communist proclaimed by the Soviet propaganda, with the declared ideas of equality and justice. Therefore, such actions caused not only significant economic damage, but also inflicted irreparable reputation damage and discredited the Soviet system of government as a whole.
Housing and Social Infrastructure in the Settlements in the area of the Central Section of the Baikal-Amur Mainline
Authors:   Far Eastern branch  of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Peshkov Dmitry Andreyevich
Published: June 2020

The paper deals with the history of construction of the Zeya hydroelectric power station and the Baikal-Amur Mainline. Using the State Archive’s documents of the Amur region and the funds of the party committee of the Zeya hydroelectric power station, the Komsomol Committee of “ZeyaGESstroy”, construction department of the Zeya HPS, as well as recollections of eyewitnesses of the construction of the Baikal-Amur Mainline, the author described the stages of construction of Zeya hydroelectric power station and the Baikal-Amur Mainline, examined the relationship between the volume of construction of the main facilities and the creation of housing and social infrastructure in the city of Zeya and the villages of the central section of BAM construction. General patterns and differences in the development of housing and social facilities construction in the Northern settlements of the Amur region were identified, taking into account the climatic and seismic features of the region.
The Impact of Chaktu Trade on the Economy of China and Russia
Authors:   Hebei Normal University, Xiaoqi Xiaoqi
Published: June 2020

In the era of globalization, issues of trade relations between China and Russia are starting to have special relevance. To some extent, this is due to the fact that relations between countries are becoming closer and more intense, and economic and industrial cooperation is more productive. Although, official trade relations between the countries were fixed in the XVII century after the signing of the Nerchinsk treatise (1689) and further developed. The article analyzes the impact of trade relations under the Treaty of Chaktu (1727) on the Chinese and Russian economies in terms of the commodity structure of Chaktu trade. Chaktu brought economic benefits to both China and Russia, but different policies of the two countries gave different results. An analysis of the reason for these discrepancies, based on historical facts and scientific observations, will help to prevent economic miscalculations in the future, help to understand the geopolitical situation in the world better, and see the prospects for cooperation between China and Russia.
Bibliometrics of Culturology Studies: Problem Statement
Authors:   Ryazan State University, Pronkina Anna Vladimirovna
Published: June 2020

The paper formulates and substantiates the need to create an objective quantification picture of the development of culturology as a science based on the analysis of publication activity by means of bibliometrics. The advantages of bibliometrics and its high efficiency for solving scientometric problems are demonstrated. Special attention is focused not on the universal aspects, but on its specificity in the context of monitoring the culturology document flow as a continuously developing corpus of semantically correlating papers that serve as a means of accumulating, storing and transmitting culturology knowledge about culture. The author gives a number of explanatory recommendations, specifies the geography of the research, clarifies the scientific status and scientific nomenclature in the post-Soviet States, distinguishes and describes the most promising types of simple bibliometrics (temporary bibliometrics, spatial bibliometrics, classification bibliometrics, rubrication bibliometrics, terminology bibliometrics, status bibliometrics), indicates the methodology and the possible results of the structural bibliometrics.
Social Medical Volunteering as a Means of Developing a Personality Culture of a Medical Student in Modern Conditions
Authors:   Pacific State Medical University, Omelchenko Aleksandr Sergeevich
Published: June 2020

The study deals with the problem of developing a personality culture of medical students during their training at a higher medical school in modern conditions. The main emphasis is placed on the importance of intensifying their pre-professional activities, the need to acquire objective personal, including emotional, experience. It is proved that one of the main and most effective means in this process is social medical volunteering. In addition to the theoretical development of the question, the study presents and analyzes the results of an empirical research aimed at identifying effective ways (technologies) of forming socially significant components of a personality culture of future doctors. The respondents of the research were students of the Pacific State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of Russia, members of the Primorsky Regional Department of the All-Russian Social Movement “Medical Volunteers”, who provide all possible participation in the fight against the coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19).
Religions in the Context of the COVID-19 Pandemic: Russia’s Experience
Authors:   Plekhanov Russian University of Economics, Gavrilova Yulia Viktorovna , Zhironkina Marina Anatolyevna ,   Plekhanov Russian University of Economics
Published: June 2020

The paper analyzes the changes in religious consciousness, cult-ritual practices and extra-cult religious activities that have occurred as a result of the “effect” of the COVID-19 pandemic. The entire religious sphere in the modern world has become totally dependent, firstly, on natural determinants in the form of a biological threat to humanity from the deadly virus COVID-19 and, secondly, it has come under the regulatory actions of social institutions. The double pressure of a natural and social nature brought religion to a new stage of evolution. The authors focus on strengthening of the phenomena of “personal” religiosity and the state of bricolage of religious consciousness; they analyze the changes in the “material religion”, in rites, the loss of the subject-practical embodiment of sacredness, as well as the transformation of interpretative practices in religious communities and the features of the intensification of the eschatological side of religiosity.