bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Uptake of Intermittent Preventive Treatment (Ipt) and the Prevalence of Malaria among Pregnant Women in Iganga District, Uganda for Financial Year 2019/2020
Authors: Prossy Nakito , David Muwanguzi , Gloria Tumukunde , Daniel Lukooya
Published: January 2023

Introduction: Uganda has got the highest prevalence rate of malaria among the risk groups compared to other parts of the world. In addition, Uganda bears a particularly large burden from the disease which is limited by a lack of reliable data, but it is clear that the prevalence of malaria infection, incidence of disease, and mortality among pregnant women all remain very high. According to the Iganga DHIS2 Jan-May report, a higher number of pregnant women received Intermittent Preventive Treatment one (IPT1) and the numbers dropped for IPT2 and IPT3. The district is also referral point of the greater Busoga region and has got several challenges towards malaria control. The study aimed at assessing the uptake of Intermittent Preventive Treatment and the prevalence of malaria among pregnant women in Iganga district so as to generate evidence for scaling up appropriate interventions for IPT uptake among pregnant women. Methods: The research was a retrospective study using secondary data to assess the uptake of IPT and prevalence of malaria for financial year 2019/2020 in nine Public Health Centre IIIs and one Public Health Centre IV. In this study IPT was defined as the administration of a curative dose of an effective antimalarial drug to all pregnant women without testing for presence of malaria parasite and at least three doses as recommended. Secondary data from HMIS was obtained and analyzed to assess the uptake of IPT services and the prevalence of malaria among pregnant women was determined using proportions. Results: The study found that of 6,672 women who received the first dose of IPT-SP, 1671 (25%) of the women received less than 2 doses of IPT and 46% of pregnant women received more than 2 doses of IPT. The study showed that a total of 3,435 pregnant women tested positive for malaria which brings the prevalence to 50%, and being highest among pregnant women aged 20-24 years at 50%. Conclusions: The study showed that the uptake of IPT was relatively low among lower age groups with a relatively high prevalence of malaria among the same age group. This calls for all stakeholders (DHO, MOH, Iganga District, NGOs e.t.c) urgent attention thus to ensure mass sensitization about malaria and IPT importance with IEC and ITN distribution, early diagnosis and treatment, giving incentives to ANC attending mothers, control of the vector.
The Descriptions of TPACK Oriented Mathematics Learning for Elementary Students
Authors: Helsa Yullys , Juandi Dadang , Turmudi Turmudi , Darhim Darhim
Published: January 2023

The teachers’ online teaching competencies play a crucial role in the COVID-19 era, as those who are unprepared to use technology in the classroom experienced difficulties in designing and conducting the class. This research aims to describe the implementation of mathematics learning that is oriented, pedagogical content knowledge (TPACK) of elementary school teachers. The research was conducted in the city of Bukittinggi, involving 6 elementary schools, 6 teachers, and 12 students. This research is a qualitative descriptive study. The research method is in the form of a survey. Data collection techniques used are literature studies, interviews, and questionnaires. The data obtained were analyzed using descriptive analysis. The results of this research indicated that teachers have implemented TPACK approach which includes the planning, implementations and assessment processes. The teacher has implemented the TPACK-based learning process in learning mathematics. The learning process is structured by combining technological tools during the planning, implementation, and assessment processes. Teachers equip students with technology-based learning resources and teaching materials. During TPACK teachers were facilitated to access information for teaching references. The use of technology gives a positive impact on learning and creates an enjoyable learning experience for the students. This research also encourages further research that can improve the quality of TPACK-based digital learning implementation.
Islamic Counseling to Overcome Negative Self-Concept Among Adolescents Living in the Orphanage
Authors: Urrohmah Aulia , Lessy Zulkipli , Rahim Dede Asrori
Published: January 2023

This study aimed to explore the negative self-concept in orphanage adolescents and provide Islamic counseling in overcoming the negative self-concept of orphanage adolescents. This study uses a qualitative-action method. The data collection techniques were conducted through interview observations and documentation. The research findings showed that with Islamic counseling service, the respondents can change the negative self-concept to positive self-concept so that they show self-awareness, they do not get angry and begin to accept criticism, control themselves when getting compliments, begin to understand when other people do not like them, accept shortcomings and be grateful for what they have, and try to continue to think positively and optimistically.
The Analysis of Islamic Guidance and Counseling’s Management from the Perspective of Graduate Students
Authors: Supriyono Widodo
Published: January 2023

This study aims to study and analyze the function of management guidance and counseling as a whole and from the perspective of the 2020 Islamic Education Management (Managemen Pendidikan Islam) students, Tarbiyah, and Teacher Training Faculty, UIN Walisongo Semarang. This research belongs to field research with a qualitative approach. The subject of the study was graduate students of Islamic Education Management year 2020. The focus of this study includes the meaning of management guidance and counseling, planning of guidance and counseling, organizing of guidance and counseling, implementing of guidance and counseling, controlling of guidance and counseling, and evaluation and follow-up of guidance and counseling. The method used to collect the data was a questionnaire, interviews, and documentation. The triangulation method was used to find out the validity of the research. To analyze the data, the method used was data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusion method. The research analysis showed that 83% of the students had understood the meaning of management Guidance and Counseling, moreover 100% of them were able to write the Qur’an verses related to it. Although half of the students had included the text of Qur’an’s verses related to it, while the other only shared the translation of it. 83% of the students were able to explain the planning / outlining of the management Guidance and Counseling correctly. 50% of them shared the text of Qur’an verses related to it, 34% of them only shared the translation related to it, but 17% of them shared the verses in the Qur'an related to it without giving additional information from which verses it was taken. Other than that, 100% of the students understood and were able to show the verses for the organization of Guidance and Counseling correctly. Related to the implementation of Guidance and Counseling, 100% of the students understood and were able to show the verses related to it. So did the controlling of guidance and counseling. Meanwhile, related to the evaluation of Guidance and Counseling, 100% of the students understood about it but did not understand the follow up of it. However, they were 100% able to share the Qur'an verses related to evaluation and follow-up of Guidance and Counseling. 
PREMARITAL GUIDANCE IN THE VALUES OF "SINTE MUNGERJE" IN THE GAYO TRIBE
Authors: Sahriza Sahriza , Maemonah Maemonah
Published: January 2023

Family guidance and Sarak Opat guidance in Central Aceh have the same duties and responsibilities as BP4 as providing premarital guidance to brides-to-be. As a traditional advisory institution in Gayo custom itself starting from besierah-erah or choosing a jojoh, I serahan ku guru, I gurun, be kuru and be guru is a tradition of the Gayo community, especially in central Aceh which still exists in the implementation of Sinte mungerje which is still carried out in the Gayo Tribe itself, in choosing or determining a mate,  carrying out household bahtra, respecting each other's spouses, loving and caring for one another is not considered traditionally. Because there will be problems internally that result in small quarrels in the family, it is in Gayo custom that there is a need for premarital guidance to the bride-to-be. However, the reality is in the field that many traditional premarital guidance have not been carried out based on the results of obervations made to families whose marriage age is 25 to 40 years old, many do not know the Gayo customary premarital guidance procession. Only Some families still maintain traditional premarital guidance. The method in this study is descriptive qualitative where the research was conducted in Central Aceh Regency As for the informants of this study, the subjects in the study were community leaders of Gayo traditional leaders, Petue, Imam Kampung, Reje Kampung. The methods used are observation, interview and documentation. The results showed that premarital is traditionally Gayo in Sinte mungerje in Gayo tribes. first "bersierah erahen" guidance to choose a mate, kedua I serahan guru procession handing over children by parents to imem kampung to learn religion, third I desert is guidance given directly by imem kampung to brides-to-be, fourth beruru "ejer muara" guidance or direction provided by both parents and nuclear families and the five ejer mara "beguru" guidance provided by Sarak Opat kampung or representatives of the village apparatus either reje kampung or petue. The values of Sinte mungerje in the Gayo tribe there are spiritual, educational and social values in the Gayo tribe, consensus, setie, even consensus, bersikekemelen, mukemmel, alang tulung, orderly, Amanah, gemasih and mutentu.  As well as the implementation in the field, there have been many changes in things based on self-encouragement both from traditional behavior to more modern behavior. Changes in customs and understanding of religions and customs, crises of sources of information on customs, traditional leaders and the provisions of qanun customary institutions
Factores epidemiológicos asociados a la toma de papanicolau en mujeres de CS. Buenos Aires de Villa Chorrillos 2021
Authors:   , Vargas Molina Antonio Gustavo
Published: January 2023

A nivel mundial para el “2018 se reportaron 570,000 (equivalentes al 6.6% de todos los cánceres en mujeres) casos de cáncer de cérvix y 311,000 personas fallecidas a nivel mundial por consecuencia de esta enfermedad, está en cuarto puesto de ser el cáncer detectado con una alta frecuencia en los diagnósticos, siendo el cuarto lugar en la escala de muertes por cáncer en las féminas a nivel mundial. El cáncer cervical está en segundo lugar en incidencia y mortalidad. El cáncer de mama en entornos con IDH (índice de desarrollo humano) es el cáncer con mayor diagnóstico en 28 países y la consecuencia principal de muerte por cáncer en 42 países” (2) La citología cervico-vaginal (es decir, la prueba de Papanicolaou) es un método de detección del cáncer de cuello uterino bien establecida. Se han logrado grandes reducciones de la incidencia y mortalidad del cáncer de cuello uterino en los países desarrollados a través de programas organizados de salud pública, que ofrecen la prueba de Papanicolaou varias veces a lo largo de la vida de una mujer para aumentar su sensibilidad moderada. (1) En América Latina existe una incidencia en cáncer recurrente, pues, por cada 100000 mujeres 14 adolecen de ese mal y de esa frecuencia el 50% fallece, estas cifras ubican al Perú como el segundo país golpeado por el cáncer más frecuente en mujeres peruanas después del cáncer de mama.(2)...
Frecuencia y características clínicas de la neurotoxicidad por metotrexato en pacientes de 0 a 18 años con Leucemia Linfoblástica Aguda en el servicio de oncología pediátrica de una clínica privada en Lima entre los años 2014 y 2019
Authors:   , Ponce Farfán Jimena Lucia
Published: January 2023

Introducción: La literatura señala que el cáncer más frecuente en la edad infantil es la leucemia. Su origen guarda relación con la aparición de células cancerosas como resultado de transmutación de los glóbulos blancos de la sangre hacia ese estado. Se trata de una categoría de cáncer llamado leucemia linfoblástica aguda (LLA) en la que los linfoblastos, una especie de linfocitos inmaduros no permiten la progresión normal de células en la sangre. En la terapia de tratamiento de la LLA con MTX, un resultado subsiguiente es la neurotoxicidad aguda, subaguda o retardada. Si bien esta última puede demorar meses o años después de que el tratamiento se manifiesta como leucoencefalopatía, los primeros dos tipos generalmente se manifiestan en cuestión de horas o semanas después de iniciado su manejo. Las manifestaciones más comunes agudos o subagudos pueden ser dolores de cabeza, mareos, trastornos del estado de ánimo, convulsiones, síntomas similares a los accidentes cerebrovasculares u otros déficits neurológicos. El objetivo es conocer los factores asociados con la Intoxicación por Metotrexato en pacientes con LLA entre 0 y 18 años en un centro especializado privado en oncología pediátrica, de Lima Metropolitana. Métodos: Se llevará a cabo un estudio de tipo observacional, descriptivo, transversal y retrospectivo. Después de ordenar y clasificar los datos mediante el programa Microsoft Excel 2016, se utilizará el programa estadístico SPSS versión 22.0 para realizar el análisis estadístico. Se empleará estadística descriptiva para expresar los valores de las variables cualitativas en frecuencias absolutas y porcentajes. Para los datos cuantitativos se calcularán medidas de tendencia central, media y mediana y se calculará la desviación estándar para el cálculo del rango de dispersión entre las medias de las variables, observando la probabilidad que el evento Neurotoxicidad por Metotrexato en pacientes de 0 a 18 años con Leucemia Linfoblástica Aguda ocurra…
Asian Elephant (Elephas maximus Linnaeus) Population Status and Demography in Tropical Forest of Southern India
Authors: Ashokkumar M , Sakthivel C , Sudhakar K , Swaminathan S , Desai Ajay A
Published: January 2023

The assessment of population dynamics and demography of long-lived species can be challenging due to a longer life span and slow reproduction. The population status and demography of the Asian elephant was studied from Dec 2006 to May 2008 at Mudumalai Tiger Reserves and results were compared with earlier studies carried out in the study area in 1985 and 2000 to understand changes in the population size. The population was estimated using distance sampling and mark-recapture methods during wet and dry seasons. In the line-transect sampling, a total distance of 651.5km was walked. To estimate the population based on the capture-recapture method 17 routes were surveyed consisting of 128.5km surveyed twice per month. The estimated elephant density based on capture-recapture and distance sampling was 3.4/km2and 3.6/km2respectively, which was higher than the earlier estimate (1/km2in 1985 and 2.4/km2in 2000). Thus, the population of elephants increased significantly when compared to the past. The adult male to adult female ratio was 1:20. Tuskless maleMakhnasmake up 20% of the male population. Demography data shows that the male population has increased in the population. But lack of older bulls in the population and mortality of males due to retaliatory killing needs further investigation. The major per cent (61%) of mortality was due to natural causes like disease, injuries, and predation by tigers (two calves). There were sex-biased changes in mortalities that have occurred over time; while adult and sub-adult male mortalities were higher (83%) in the earlier study period, adult female mortalities were higher (54.5%) during the present study. Despite the skewed sex ratio elephant population has increased significantly when compared to the past in the study area.
On computational complexity, using randomized pooling for

convolutional neural network
Authors: Imran Hafiz , Aamir Khalid , Ilyas Muhammad , Mohsin Syed Muhammad , Aslam Sheraz , Akber Syed Muhammad Abrar
Published: January 2023

Randomization is a technique used in algorithms as a strategy that uses a random source as part of its logic. It is used in traditional algorithms to reduce time or space complexity. Many efforts have been made to increase the precision of convolutional neural networks (CNN) in various application domains, but less has been done to minimize the computational complexity of this model. In this work, we introduce randomized pooling (RPool) for CNN. RPool has reduced the number of operations of the CNN. Consequently, the computation time of the algorithm is reduced and the accuracy is improved. The MNIST dataset is used to demonstrate the pooling layer (PL) of CNN and compare the results of standard CNN with our proposed RPool for CNN. The simulation results show that as the number of epochs increases, the training and testing time of our proposed RPool decreases while the accuracy increases. We achieved 96.95% accuracy at epoch 10 and 8.85% decrease in training time, which demonstrates the superiority of our proposed RPool for CNN over its competitor average pooling (AvgPool).
Cognitive–Exercise Dual-Task Intervention Ameliorates Cognitive Decline in Natural Aging Rats via Regulating lncRNA NEAT1/miR-124-3p/caveolin-1-PI3K/Akt/GSK3β Pathway
Authors: Li Tiancong , Tao Xue , Sun Ruifeng , Han Conglin , Li Xiaoling , Zhu Ziman , Li Wenshan , Huang Peiling , Gong Weijun
Published: January 2023

Background: Aging induces degenerative changes in the body and causes cognitive dysfunction, which has a significant negative impact on the daily lives of older adults. At present, there are limited effective interventions to slow the incidence of Aging-related cognitive impairment or even dementia. Among them, exercise and cognitive training are worthy of further research, especially the research on mechanisms. Studies have shown that LncRNA and miRNA play an important role in the occurrence, development, and rehabilitation of aging-related cognitive impairment. We aimed to identify the effect of cognitive-exercise dual-task training on cognitive function in naturally aged rats and to investigate the mechanism by which the LncRNA NEAT1/miR124-3p/caveolin-1-PI3K/Akt/GSK3β pathway plays a role in the improvement of cognitive function with dual-task training.
Methods: Forty SD rats at 18 months of age were randomly divided into four groups (n=10 for each group): exercise training group, cognitive training group, cognitive-exercise dual-task training group, and aging control group. Each group underwent 12 weeks of intervention according to their corresponding training protocols. New object recognition tests were performed on all rats after the completion of the intervention. The expressions of related pathway proteins, LncRNA, and miRNA in the hippocampus were examined by Western blotting (WB) and/or Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reactions (qRT-PCR) after euthanasia of the rats. HT22 mouse hippocampal neuronal cells were cultured and miR-124-3p and lncRNA NEAT1 were over-expressed/down-expressed, respectively. WB and/or qRT-PCR were used to determine the levels of caveolin-1-PI3K/Akt/GSK3 pathway, miR-124-3p, and lncRNA NEAT1 expression in the neurons.
Results: The results showed that compared with the aging control group, the cognitive-exercise dual-task training group had better performance on novelty recognition (P < 0.01), and their expressions of lncRNA NEAT1, caveolin-1, and p-GSK3β were significantly decreased (P < 0.05), while miR124-3p, p-PI3K, and p-Akt were significantly increased (P < 0.05).
Conclusion: Our study showed that cognitive-exercise dual-task training improved cognitive function in aging rats better than no training or single training. The mechanism of cognitive function improvement could be related to the regulation of LncRNA NEAT1/miR124-3p- caveolin1/PI3K/Akt/GSK3β pathway.
Health Data quality and its associated factors among Health Professionals in Ethiopia: Systematic review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Wubante Sisay Maru , Tegegne Masresha Derese , Walle Agmasie Damtew , Melaku Mequannent Sharew , Enyew Ermias Bekele , Tareke Abiyu Abadi , Endehabtu Berhanu Fikadie , Mulatu Gebrehiwot Gizaw
Published: January 2023

Introduction:Despite improvements made in Health information systems utilization in the global health system. However, low income countries faces on poor data quality and low uptake of data for decision-making. There are different contributing factors poor quality of data and use for evidence-based decision making and patient care.
Objective:Therefore this systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to estimate the pooled magnitude of data quality and its associated factors among health professionals in Ethiopia
Methods and materials:We used PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar and web-science databases for retrieving pre-reviewed articles. We used STATA 16 to estimate the pooled magnitude of data quality. I2 and funnel plot and Egger's regression test statistic were used to detect and check heterogeneity and publication bias between studies respectively.
Result: The pooled estimate of data quality among health professionals in Ethiopia was 75.28 %( 95% CI: 62.23-88.33). Confidence level (AOR=1.83; 95%CI: 1.37-2.45), Training (AOR=2.14; 95% CI: 1.43-3.19), Supportive supervision (AOR=2.07; 95% CI: 1.41-3.04), Feedback (AOR=2.76; 95% CI: 1.70-4.47) were positively associated with data quality.
Conclusion: The systematic review and meta-analysis found that data quality level among health professionals in Ethiopia was found low. Training, supportive supervision, level of confidence and feedback were the major contributing factors for low data quality.it was observed that building the capacity of health professionals by training ,supportive supervision, and feedback will increase quality of data generated at each health institutions.
Evaluating interventions to reduce behaviour associated with HCV reinfection in men who have sex with men: study protocol for a non-blinded, phase 2, randomised trial
Authors: Hage Kris , Boyd Anders , Davidovich Udi , Zantkuijl Paul , Hoornenborg Elske , Matser Amy , Generaal Ellen , Schinkel Janke , Todesco Eve , Valk Marc van der , Hayette Rougier , Lacombe Karine , Prins Maria
Published: January 2023

Background: As highly effective therapy against hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is available with rapid uptake, there is newfound optimism for HCV elimination. Nevertheless, certain key populations have a high risk of HCV reinfection, in particular men who have sex with men (MSM) in Western European countries. Modelling data indicate that HCV elimination will not be feasible without reduction in risk behaviour, thus supporting the need for effective interventions aimed at reducing risk behaviour and preventing reinfections in MSM.
Methods: The ICECREAM study is an international, multi-centred, phase 2, 3-arm randomised trial comparing run-in and intervention periods enrolling MSM with a history of a cured or spontaneously cleared HCV infection. Individuals are followed in routine care for six months (i.e., run-in period) and then randomly allocated (1:1:1) to one of the following: a tailored, interactive online risk-reduction behavioural intervention, a validated home-based HCV-RNA self-sampling test service using dried blood spots, or a combination of both. After randomisation, individuals are followed every 6 months until 18 months (i.e., intervention period). Interventions are delivered in addition to standard of care. Online questionnaire measuring risk behaviour over the past 6 months is administered at every visit. The primary outcome is the proportion at risk of HCV infection during run-in versus intervention periods assessed by using the HCV-MOSAIC risk score. The risk score consists of six self-reported HCV-related risk behaviours. Secondary outcomes include incidence of HCV reinfection, changes in the individual risk behaviour items and changes in sexual wellbeing since changes in sexual behaviour may have an impact on sexual experience. Two hundred forty-six MSM aged 18 years or older will be invited to participate.
Discussion: The ICECREAM study is a trial aimed at establishing interventions that could effectively decrease the incidence of HCV re-infection in MSM with a previous HCV infection. By offering an online behavioural risk-reduction intervention and HCV-RNA self-sampling, both of which are aimed to influence risk behaviour, we are able to provide products to at-risk MSM that could further reduce population-level HCV incidence and ultimately help reach HCV micro-elimination.
Trial registration: This study has been registered at clinicaltrials.gov identifier NCT04156945.
Fabrication and electrical characterization of Cu1-xCrxO/n-Si diodes by sol gel spin coating method
Authors: Toprak Sehmus , Ruzgar Serif
Published: January 2023

We describe a simple but efficient technique for fabricating heterojunction diodes by simply depositing undoped and Cr-doped CuO thin films on n-Si substrates, and we investigate the electrical properties of diodes for different mixing ratios of chromium oxide and copper oxide. The results show that a change in CrO and CuO concentration significantly affects the electrical properties of Ag/Cu1 − xCrxO/n-Si diodes. The all diodes exhibit rectification behavior, as shown by their dark I-V characteristics. The crucial junction parameters such as series resistance (Rs), rectification ratio (RR), ideality factor (n) and barrier height (ΦB) were calculated by using I-V data. the characteristics of capacitance-voltage (C-V), conductance-voltage (G-V) and series resistance-voltage (Rs-V) were measured in the frequency range of 10 kHz to 1 MHz. The obtained results demonstrate that the electrical properties of the Ag/Cu1 − xCrxO/n-Si diodes are controlled by the different mixing concentration ratios of chromium oxide and copper oxide content.
A Brief Study on the Role of Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles in Combating Stress in Vigna radiata and Soil Bacteria
Authors: MUKHERJEE SAMPURNA , Krishnamoorthy Suresh Babu , Subrayan RENGARAJ , GOSWAMI ARUNAVA , Mitra Sutanuka
Published: January 2023

Cerium oxide nanoparticles have so far been investigated for their role as an antioxidant in pathologies involving inflammation and high oxidative stress. However, its role as a plant and bacterial growth modulator and heavy metal stress reliever has been overlooked to date. Heavy metal contamination poses a major threat to mankind and a life-sustaining ecosystem. This study emphasizes the role of cerium oxide produced by the combustion method in promoting growth in Vigna radiata and Bacillus coagulans in presence of mercury. The results show how cerium oxide nanoparticles successfully reduce the production of reactive oxygen species in plants grown in presence of mercury thereby reducing oxidative stress. It also throws light upon the biologically non-hazardous nature of this particle by revealing how it promotes the growth of two soil bacteria Bacillus coagulans and E.coli at various dosages.
The Southern Ocean supergyre: a unifying dynamical framework identified by machine learning
Authors: Sonnewald Maike , Reeve Krissy , Lguensat Redouane
Published: January 2023

The Southern Ocean closes the global overturning circulation and is key to the regulation of carbon and heat, biological production, and sea level. However, the dynamics of the general circulation and upwelling pathways remain poorly understood. Here, a unifying framework is proposed invoking a semi-circumpolar `supergyre' south of the Antarctic circumpolar current: a massive series of ‘leaking’ sub-gyres spanning the Weddell and Ross seas that are connected and maintained via rough topography that acts as scaffolding. The supergyre framework challenges the conventional view of having separate circulation structures in the Weddell and Ross seas and suggests a limited utility for climate applications of idealized models and conventional zonal averaged frameworks. Machine learning was used to reveal areas of coherent driving forces within a vorticity-based analysis. Predictions from the supergyre framework are supported by available observations and could aid observational and modelling efforts of the climatically key region undergoing rapid change.
Efficient Liquid Multicarbon Production from Overall CO2 Photoreduction by Creating a Superhydrophobic Gas Storage Space
Authors: Huo Hailing , Du Zhengwei , He Hua , Guan Xin , Huang Chengxi , Wu Fang , Du Yongpin , Xing Hongbin , Ma Jingjing , Li Ang , Kan Erjun
Published: January 2023

It is exceedingly desired yet challenging to steer the photocatalytic overall CO2reduction reaction (CRR) toward high-value liquid products, especially multicarbon products like ethanol. Numerous attempts have been reported such as developing new materials, cocatalyst engineering, etc. Here, we find that by just curling the superhydrophobic Cu2O to create an enclosed Cu2O hollow structure, the selectivity of ethanol (59.59%) is impressively elevated by ~ 9 times higher than that without the enclosed hollow structure. Further investigations indicate that the superhydrophobic hollow structure can efficiently repel water out and thus create an enclosed gas storage space, enabling the high concentration of CO2molecules. With such a strategy, an impressive ethanol generation rate of 996.18 µmol g− 1h− 1is achieved. The mechanism is also investigated based on theoretical calculations and corresponding characterizations. This strategy provides a geometry-modulated method with high compatibility, which is promising to develop more efficient photocatalysts for multicarbon production combined with other traditional methods.
Mechanism of vorticity amplification by elastic waves in a viscoelastic channel flow
Authors: Li Yuke , Steinberg Victor
Published: January 2023

Inertia-less viscoelastic pipe and channel flows
exhibit a non-normal mode elastic instability independent of perturbation strength and despite
their linear stability. The non-modal instability
is identified mostly by a direct transition from
laminar to chaotic flows. At higher velocities,
transitions to elastic turbulence and further drag
reduction occurs accompanied by elastic waves in
three regimes. Here we demonstrate experimentally that the elastic waves play a key role in
amplifying wall-normal vorticity fluctuations by
resonant pumping of energy, withdrawn from the
mean flow, into wall-normal fluctuating vortices.
Indeed, the flow resistance and rotational part of
the wall-normal vorticity fluctuations depend linearly on the intensity of elastic waves in three
regimes. The higher (lower) the elastic wave intensity, the larger (smaller) the flow resistance
and rotational vorticity fluctuations. The suggested physical mechanism of the resonant vortex
amplification by the elastic waves above the instability onset in three flow regimes recalls the Landau damping in magnetized relativistic plasma. It
is universal not only for various viscoelastic parallel shear flows but also generally for flows with
both transverse waves and wall-normal vortices,
such as the Alfven waves interacting with vortices
in turbulent magnetized plasma.
Overnight Fasting only or Polyethylene Glycol Preparation for Capsule Endoscopy for detection of the Source of Overt Suspected Small Bowel Bleeding： a retrospective study
Authors: Dai Jing-Ping , Ding Zhuo-Yu , Pan Chao-Min , Yang Li , Wang Xin-Ke
Published: January 2023

Background
Small bowel capsule endoscopy (SBCE) is recommended as the first choice of small bowel evaluation for suspected small bowel bleeding (SBB). However, there is no consensus on the cleansing criteria prior to SBCE.
Aim
We aimed to assess the effectiveness of the purgative regimen and the overnight fasting only method before undergoing SBCE.
Methods
This was a retrospective study of 102 patients who underwent SBCE to detect the source of active or sub-acute overt suspected SBB. 63 Patients in Group A consumed 2 L of PEG (Polyethylene glycol) before SBCE after an overnight fast; whereas 39 patients in Group B performed 12 hours overnight fast before the procedure. The primary endpoint was lesion findings and diagnostic yield, and the secondary endpoints were clinical outcomes, capsule endoscopy completion rate (CECR), transit time and the small bowel visualization quality (VQ).
RESULTS
The positive finding was ascertained in 38 patients in Group A (60.3%), and 18 in Group B (46.2%; P = 0.162). There was no significant difference in diagnosis yield in 2 groups (47.6% vs. 51.3%; P = 0.719), the same as the sensitivity (53.6% vs. 58.8%; P = 0.627) and specificity (71.4% vs. 100%; P = 0.470). The percentage of excellent or good small bowel VQ in Group A was significantly more than in Group B (57.2% vs. 38.5%, P = 0.0012). The median small-bowel transit time for Group A was statistically significant shorter than Group B (400 min vs. 519 min; P = 0.01). No evidence of differences was detected between the two groups in further treatment methods and prognosis(P = 0.209).
CONCLUSION
2L PEG-based bowel preparation before SBCE does not result in improvement of diagnostic yield or clinical outcomes, although the small bowel visualization quality is enhanced.
The rationality of continuous improvement of stress ulcer preventive medication by orthopedic clinical pharmacists in tertiary teaching hospitals
Authors: Xu Yichun , Yang Huan , Shen Jianghua , Su Su , Xing Xiaoxuan , Zhang Lan , Chu Yanqi
Published: January 2023

Objective: We aim to evaluate the efficacy of clinical intervention by clinical pharmacists in improving prophylactic medication for stress ulcer, and explore the application of Plan-Do-Check-Act (PDCA) in promoting rational stress ulcer prophylaxis (SUP).
Methods: We conducted a retrospective study of 1702 patients in the Department of Orthopedics at a tertiary teaching hospital in China from January 2021 to October 2022. 778 and 924 patients were included in the pre-PDCA and post-PDCA groups, respectively. Clinical pharmacists established the criteria for SUP and conducted interventions, including doctor's prescription review, opinion feedback, clinical education and result analysis. We analyzed the improvement of irrational drug use and medical cost in stress ulcer prophylaxis before and after the establishment of PDCA cycle.
Results: Clinical pharmacist-led continuous intervention and PDCA cycle significantly reduced the incidence of irrational SUP (79.31% vs. 23.41%), including medication duration, indications, usage and drug selection. The average duration of use of acid-suppressive drugs in each patient (days 3.90±2.29 vs. 2.68±1.97) the average SUP cost (CNY 166.58±116.25 vs. 126.48±104.16) and inappropriate SUP cost (CNY 70.40±84.47 vs. 25.53±68.66) were significantly decreased. The target compliance rate was 109.41%.
Conclusions: Clinical pharmacists can effectively improve irrational SUP through PDCA cycle to optimize drug use, so as to obtain better clinical and economic outcomes.
Intracellular Spatial Transcriptomic Analysis Toolkit (InSTAnT)
Authors: Kumar Anurendra , Schrader Alex , Boroojeny Ali , Asadian Marisa , Lee Juyeon , Song You , Zhao Sihai , Han Hee-Sun , Sinha Saurabh
Published: January 2023

Imaging-based spatial transcriptomics technologies such as MERFISH offer snapshots of cellular processes in unprecedented detail, but new analytic tools are needed to realize their full potential. We present InSTAnT, a computational toolkit for extracting molecular relationships from spatial transcriptomics data at the intra-cellular resolution. InSTAnT detects gene pairs and modules with interesting patterns of mutual co-localization within and across cells, using specialized statistical tests and graph mining. We showcase the toolkit on datasets profiling a human cancer cell line and hypothalamic preoptic region of mouse brain. We performed rigorous statistical assessment of discovered co-localization patterns, found supporting evidence from databases and RNA interactions, and identified subcellular domains associated with RNA-colocalization. We identified several novel cell type-specific gene co-localizations in the brain. Intra-cellular spatial patterns discovered by InSTAnT mirror diverse molecular relationships, including RNA interactions and shared sub-cellular localization or function, providing a rich compendium of testable hypotheses regarding molecular functions.
The Effects of a Journey of the Brave Counseling Program on Anxiety, Well-Being, and Life Adjustment in Taiwanese Children
Authors: Tien Hsiu-Lan Shelley , Su Yi-Ning , Zhang Aizi , Kaichi Isana , Koshiba Takako , Okawa Sho , Urao Yuko , Shimizu Eiji
Published: January 2023

The purposes of the current study are two-fold. Study 1 aimed to examine the psychometric properties of the Spence Children’s Anxiety Scale (SCAS) in a Taiwanese sample. Study 2 aimed to explore the immediate and follow-up effects of Journey of the Brave Counseling Program (JBCP) on children’s’ anxiety, well-being, and life adjustment. A review and suggestions were provided for future research and practitioners in educational and counseling fields as reference.
In Study 1, the pilot study included 150 to 200 children between ages 11 and 12 in Taoyuan City. In Study 2, we conducted a pretest-posttest nonequivalent groups quasi-experimental design. The participants in this stage were 16 children in an elementary school in Taoyuan City, between ages 11 and 12. After obtaining consent forms from the participants’ guardians, we randomly assigned these participants to an experimental group (N = 8) and a control group (N = 8). The experimental group received a 40-minute JBCP session weekly for ten weeks. The control group received a 40-minute career exploration small group counseling weekly for ten weeks. We administered the SCAS, Psychological Well-Being Scale, and School Life Adjustment Scale in the pretest, posttest, and follow-up test to measure change of anxiety, well-being, and life adjustment of the participants. In addition, the current study implemented some qualitative data, such as group progress notes, group member feedback questionnaires, and semi-structured interviews with participants’ homeroom teachers as supplementary data to clarify the effects of the JBCP.
In Study 1, we found that the SCAS had a good validity and reliability for Taiwanese children. The results of Study 2 indicated that the JBCP had immediate and follow-up effects on the separation anxiety in the experimental group. With the pretest impact eliminated, the immediate and follow-up effects on overall anxiety in the experimental group were better than those on the control group. However, even though the immediate and follow-up effects of the JBCP on the experimental group were better than the control group but were not significant. Besides, the group member feedback questionnaires and participants’ homeroom teachers all indicated that the experimental group participants had positive attitude toward the JBCP, and they also positively improved their emotions and interpersonal relationships with others.
Please Show Restraint: An Excessive Focus on Catastrophic Events Can Lead to Greater Psychological Trauma
Authors: Huang Xuefang , Zhao Qi , Lan Zhensong , Liu Huaqiang , Deng Fafang
Published: January 2023

This study explored the relationship between attention, negative emotions, empathy, mindfulness, and psychological trauma in catastrophic events to reduce the public’s psychological trauma. A total of 526 adults in Guangxi Province, China, were investigated using a self-rating scale for post-traumatic stress disorder, a self-rating emotion scale, a self-rating empathy scale, a five-factor self-rating mindfulness scale, and a catastrophic incident concern questionnaire. The results show that: (1) women are vulnerable to psychological trauma in catastrophic events (F [464]=0.681, p<0.05); (2) emotion has a significant mediating effect between attention and psychological trauma; (3) empathy has a significant mediating effect between attention and psychological trauma; and (4) mindfulness is conducive to buffering an individual’s negative emotions and also regulates the degree of psychological trauma in the public’s attention to catastrophic events. Therefore, people should be rational and restrained in the face of catastrophic events.
Impact of COVID-19 prevention and control on tuberculosis and scarlet fever in China’s Guizhou
Authors: Zhou Jian , Chen Hui-Juan , Lu Ting-Jia , Chen Pu , Zhuang Yan , Li Jin-Lan
Published: January 2023

China has implemented a series of long-term measures for the public in order to control spread of COVID-19,whether these measures will affect other chronic and acute respiratory infectious diseases and what kind of impact are unclear. Tuberculosis (TB) and scarlet fever (SF) as the representative of chronic and acute respiratory infectious diseases respectively,and China’s Guizhou was an area with high prevalence of TB and SF ,with about 40,000 TB and hundreds of SF cases were reported every year.To assess impact of COVID-19 prevention and control on TB and SF in China’s Guizhou, exponential smoothing method was used to establish a prediction model to analyze the impact of COVID-19 on the number of TB and SF cases in Guizhou,and spatial aggregation analysis was used to describe the spatial changes of TB and SF before and after the outbreak of COVID-19.The parameters of TB and SF prediction models are R²=0.856,
BIC=10.972;R²=0.714,BIC=5.325, respectively.TB and SF cases declined rapidly at the beginning of COVID-19 prevention and control,but SF cases number in decline for about 3-6 months,TB cases number remained in decline for 7 months after implementation for 11 months. Spatial aggregation of TB and SF did not change much before and after the COVID-19 outbreak but decreased significantly.Our fndings indicated that China's COVID-19 prevention and control measures also reduced TB and SF prevalence in Guizhou, these measures may lead to a long-term beneficial impact on TB, but a short-term on SF. Area with high TB incidence may benefit from COVID-19 experiences in the future.
Cytosine base editors (CBEs) for inducing targeted DNA base editing in Nicotiana benthamiana
Authors: luo juan , Abid Muhammad , Tu Jing , Cai Xinxia , Zhang Yi , Gao Puxin , Wang Zupeng , Huang Hongwen
Published: January 2023

Background: The base editors can introduce point mutations accurately without causing double-stranded DNA breaks or requiring donor DNA templates. Previously, cytosine base editors (CBEs) containing different deaminases are reported for precise and accurate base editing in plants. However, the knowledge of CBEs in polyploid plants is inadequate and needs further exploration.
Results: In the present study, we constructed three polycistronic tRNA-gRNA expression cassettes CBEs containing A3A, A3A (Y130F), and R33A to compare their base editing efficiency in allotetraploid N. benthamiana (n = 4x). We used 14 target sites to compare their editing efficiency using transient transformation in tobacco plants. The sanger sequencing and deep sequencing results showed that A3A-CBE was the most efficient base editor. In addition, the results showed that A3A-CBE provided most comprehensive editing window (C1 ~ C17 could be edited) and had a better editing efficiency under the base background of TC. The target sites (T2 and T6) analysis in transformed N. benthamiana showed that only A3A-CBE can have C-to-T editing events and the editing efficiency of T2 was higher than T6. Additionally, no off-target events were found in transformed N. benthamiana.
Conclusions: All in all, we conclude that A3A-CBE is the most suitable vector for specific C to T conversion in N. benthamiana. Current findings will provide valuable insights into selecting an appropriate base editor for breeding polyploid plants.
Economic Evaluation of Sarcopenia Management Interventions; a Lifetime Cost-Utility Analysis in Iran
Authors: Darvishi Ali , Shafiee Gita , Balajam Narges Zargar , Hemami Mohsen Rezaei , Ostovar Navid , Heshmat Ramin
Published: January 2023

Objectives
Identifying the optimal management intervention of sarcopenia is a concern of health systems. We aimed to analyze the cost-effectiveness of sarcopenia management strategies in Iran.
Methods
We constructed a lifetime Markov model based on natural history. The compared strategies included exercise training, nutritional supplements, whole body vibration (WBV), and various exercise interventions and nutritional supplement combinations. A total of 7 strategies was evaluated along with the non-intervention strategy. Parameter values were extracted from primary data and the literature, and the costs and Quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) were calculated for each strategy. Deterministic and probabilistic sensitivity analysis, including the expected value of perfect information (EVPI), was also performed to determine the robustness of the model. Analyses were performed using the 2020 version of TreeAge Pro software.
Results
All seven strategies increased lifetime effectiveness (QALYs). The protein and Vitamin D3 (P + D) strategy had the highest effectiveness values among all strategies. After removing dominated strategy, the estimated ICER for the P + D compared to Vitamin D3 alone (D) strategy was calculated as $131,229. Considering the cost-effectiveness threshold ($25,249), base-case results indicated that the D strategy was the most cost-effective strategy in this evaluation. Sensitivity analysis of model parameters also showed the robustness of results. Also, EVPI was estimated at $273.
Conclusions
Study results, as the first economic evaluation of sarcopenia management interventions, showed that despite the higher effectiveness of D + P, the D strategy was the most cost-effective. Completing clinical evidence of various intervention options can help in more accurate results in the future.
The effects of new technology on productivity: technological improvement and reallocation efficiency in the Japanese steelmaking industry
Authors: Kobayashi Ryuki
Published: January 2023

This paper analyzes the effect of new technology for steel refining -- the basic oxygen furnace -- on productivity growth using the productivity decomposition method. I employ a technique that decomposes productivity growth into four factors: operational improvement, within- and between-technology reallocation, and entry-exit effects. I demonstrate that the following two factors are both substantially important: (i) the rapid operational progress of new technology and (ii) between-technology reallocation both among existing furnaces and through entries. I also find that although the overall allocation efficiency improved, the within-new-technology allocation efficiency declined. The results suggest that government policies encouraged the construction of new furnaces by lowering the cost of introducing new technology, and firms were able to enjoy the high productivity gains from the new technology itself and its rapid growth.