bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Predicting early mortality and severe intraventricular hemorrhage in very-low birth weight preterm infants: a nationwide, multicenter study using machine learning
Authors: Yang Yun-Hsiang , Wang Ts-Ting , Su Yi-Han , Chu Wei-Ying , Lin Wei-Ting , Chen Yen-Ju , Chang Yu-Shan , Lin Yung-Chieh , Lin Chyi-Her , Lin Yuh-Jyh
Published: May 2024

Our aim was to develop a machine learning-based predictor for early mortality and severe intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) in very-low birth weight (VLBW) preterm infants in Taiwan. We collected retrospective data from VLBW infants, dividing them into two cohorts: one for model development and internal validation (Cohort 1, 2016–2021), and another for external validation (Cohort 2, 2022). Primary outcomes included early mortality, severe IVH, and early poor outcomes (a combination of both). Data preprocessing involved 23 variables, with the top four predictors identified as gestational age, birth body weight, 5-min Apgar score, and endotracheal tube ventilation. Six machine learning algorithms were employed. Among 7471 infants analyzed, the selected predictors consistently performed well across all outcomes. Logistic regression and neural network models showed the highest predictive performance (AUC 0.81–0.90 in both internal and external validation) and were well-calibrated, confirmed by calibration plots and the lowest two mean Brier scores (0.0685 and 0.0691). We developed a robust machine learning-based outcome predictor using only four accessible variables, offering valuable prognostic information for parents and aiding healthcare providers in decision-making.
Gene expression associated with unfavorable vaginal bleeding in women using the etonogestrel subdermal contraceptive implant: a prospective study
Authors: Torelli Flávia R. , Rodrigues-Peres Raquel M. , Monteiro Ilza , Lopes-Cendes Iscia , Bahamondes Luis , Juliato Cássia R. T.
Published: May 2024

To evaluate gene expression associated with unfavorable vaginal bleeding in users of the Etonogestrel (ENG) contraceptive implant. Prospective study involving 100 women who intended to use the ENG implant. Exclusion criteria included abnormal uterine bleeding, inability to attend a 1-year follow-up, and implant removal for reasons unrelated to vaginal bleeding or loss of follow-up. We obtained endometrial biopsies before implant placement and assessed the expression of 20 selected genes. Users maintained a uterine bleeding diary for 12 months post-implant placement. For statistical analysis, we categorized women into those with or without favorable vaginal bleeding at 3 and 12 months. Women with lower CXCL1 expression had a 6.8-fold increased risk of unfavorable vaginal bleeding at 3 months (OR 6.8, 95% CI 2.21–20.79, p < 0.001), while those with higher BCL6 and BMP6 expression had 6- and 5.1-fold increased risks, respectively. By the 12-month follow-up, women with lower CXCL1 expression had a 5.37-fold increased risk of unfavorable vaginal bleeding (OR 5.37, 95% CI 1.63–17.73, p = 0.006). Women with CXCL1 expression < 0.0675, BCL6 > 0.65, and BMP6 > 3.4 had a higher likelihood of experiencing unfavorable vaginal bleeding at 3 months, and CXCL1 < 0.158 at 12 months. Users of ENG contraceptive implants with elevated BCL6 and BMP6 expression exhibited a higher risk of breakthrough bleeding at the 3-month follow-up. Conversely, reduced CXCL1 expression was associated with an elevated risk of bleeding at both the 3 and 12-month follow-ups.
Intake of oligoelements with cytarabine or etoposide alters dopamine levels and oxidative damage in rat brain
Authors: Guzmán David Calderón , Brizuela Norma Osnaya , Herrera Maribel Ortíz , Olguín Hugo Juárez , Peraza Armando Valenzuela , Ruíz Norma Labra , Mejía Gerardo Barragán
Published: May 2024

Research on the relationships between oligoelements (OE) and the development of cancer or its prevention is a field that is gaining increasing relevance. The aim was to evaluate OE and their interactions with oncology treatments (cytarabine or etoposide) to determine the effects of this combination on biogenic amines and oxidative stress biomarkers in the brain regions of young Wistar rats. Dopamine (DA), 5-Hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-Hiaa), Glutathione (Gsh), Tiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and Ca+2, Mg+2 ATPase enzyme activity were measured in brain regions tissues using spectrophometric and fluorometric methods previously validated. The combination of oligoelements and cytarabine increased dopamine in the striatum but decreased it in cerebellum/medulla-oblongata, whereas the combination of oligoelements and etoposide reduced lipid peroxidation. These results suggest that supplementation with oligoelements modifies the effects of cytarabine and etoposide by redox pathways, and may become promising therapeutic targets in patients with cancer.
Numerical study on solar photovoltaic/thermal system with tesla valve
Authors: Du Shuai , Zou Jianxin , Zheng Xinli , Ye Xin , Yang Huazheng , Zhong Ping
Published: May 2024

In recent years, photovoltaic/thermal (PV/T) systems have played a crucial role in reducing energy consumption and environmental degradation, nonetheless, the low energy conversion efficiency presents a considerable obstacle for PV/T systems. Therefore, improving heat conversion efficiency is essential to enhance energy efficiency. In this paper, the PV/T system with the Tesla valve is proposed to solve this problem. Firstly, the cooling effect is simulated and analyzed in the system with four different flow channel structures: semicircle, rectangle, triangle and Tesla valve. The results indicate that the system with the Tesla valve exhibits superior cooling performance. Subsequently, several factors including angle, valve number, valve type, and pipe diameter ratio for the Tesla valve are further studied through numerical and simulation analysis. The results reveal that Tesla valves demonstrate optimal cooling performance when possessing the following structural parameters: complete symmetry, more valves, a 30-degree angle and a pipe diameter ratio of 1. Finally, four different types of fluid are selected to explore the Tesla valve. The conclusion shows that nanofluids with high density, low specific heat, and high thermal conductivity also improve the cooling performance. Thus, the PV/T system with the Tesla valve exhibits good heat dissipation and energy storage efficiency, electrical efficiency can reach 16.32% and thermal efficiency reach 59.65%.
Transcriptomic characteristics according to tumor size and SUVmax in papillary thyroid cancer patients
Authors: Ju Sang-Hyeon , Lee Seong Eun , Yi Shinae , Choi Na Rae , Kim Kun Ho , Kim Seong Min , Koh June-Young , Kim Seon-Kyu , Kim Seon-Young , Heo Jun Young , Park Junyoung O. , Park Seongyeol , Koo Bon Seok , Kang Yea Eun
Published: May 2024

The SUVmax is a measure of FDG uptake and is related with tumor aggressiveness in thyroid cancer, however, its association with molecular pathways is unclear. Here, we investigated the relationship between SUVmax and gene expression profiles in 80 papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) patients. We conducted an analysis of DEGs and enriched pathways in relation to SUVmax and tumor size. SUVmax showed a positive correlation with tumor size and correlated with glucose metabolic process. The genes that indicate thyroid differentiation, such as SLC5A5 and TPO, were negatively correlated with SUVmax. Unsupervised analysis revealed that SUVmax positively correlated with DNA replication(r = 0.29, p = 0.009), pyrimidine metabolism(r = 0.50, p < 0.0001) and purine metabolism (r = 0.42, p = 0.0001). Based on subgroups analysis, we identified that PSG5, TFF3, SOX2, SL5A5, SLC5A7, HOXD10, FER1L6, and IFNA1 genes were found to be significantly associated with tumor aggressiveness. Both high SUVmax PTMC and macro-PTC are enriched in pathways of DNA replication and cell cycle, however, gene sets for purine metabolic pathways are enriched only in high SUVmax macro-PTC but not in high SUVmax PTMC. Our findings demonstrate the molecular characteristics of high SUVmax tumor and metabolism involved in tumor growth in differentiated thyroid cancer.
Nonlinear evolution characteristics and seepage mechanical model of fluids in broken rock mass based on the bifurcation theory
Authors: Yunlong Jia , Zhengzheng Cao , Zhenhua Li , Feng Du , Cunhan Huang , Haixiao Lin , Wenqiang Wang , Minglei Zhai
Published: May 2024

With the deep extension of coal mining in China, fault water inrush has become one of the major disasters threatening the safety production of coal mine. Based on the control equations of steady state and non-Darcy seepage in fractured rock mass, the multi-parameter nonlinear dynamic seepage equations of fractured rock mass are established in this paper. Based on the nonlinear dynamics theory, the function of the state variable in the system is derived, and the influence of the gradual change of non-Darcy flow factors on the structural stability of seepage system is studied. The research achievements show that there are three branches in the equilibrium state of the seepage system. Specifically, the stability of the equilibrium state changes abruptly near the limit parameter. The seepage dynamic system of fractured rock mass has the delayed bifurcation, and the coal mine disaster such as fault water inrush occurs easily at the bifurcation point. The research results are of great significance to enrich the theory of fault water inrush in coal mine, and to reveal the disastrous mechanism of fault water inrush and guide its prevention and control technology in coal mine, which can provide the theoretical reference for predicting the water seepage stability in fractured rock mass.
Mechanisms of epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) in ameliorating hyperuricemia: insights into gut microbiota and intestinal function in a mouse model
Authors: Yu Haonan , Lou Zhenyou , Wu Tingbo , Wan Xiaochun , Huang Haitao , Wu Yuanyuan , Li Bo , Tu Youying , He Puming , Liu Junsheng
Published: May 2024

Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), a prominent bioactive compound found in tea, offers numerous health benefits.
Achieving optimal balance: tuning electrical and optical characteristics of carbon electrodes for emerging photovoltaics
Authors: Gul Amir Shehzad , Noman Muhammad , Rehman Qandeel , Khan Aimal Daud , Rehan Muhammad Saad , Jan Shayan Tariq , Khan Adnan Daud
Published: May 2024

This study pioneers a cost-effective, eco-friendly, scalable spray-coating technique for producing transparent & conductive electrodes with impressive electrical & optical performance, poised to boost the efficiency & stability of next-generation PV.
Mechanochemical synthesis of aromatic ketones: pyrylium tetrafluoroborate mediated deaminative arylation of amides
Authors: Mkrtchyan Satenik , Shalimov Oleksandr , Garcia Michael G. , Zapletal Jiří , Iaroshenko Viktor O.
Published: May 2024

A new method has been introduced that is able to tackle the complexities of N–C(O) activation in amide moieties through utilization of pyrylium tetrafluoroborate in a mechanochemical setting, where amide bonds undergo activation.
Exceptional three- to six-photon absorption at organometallic dendrimers
Authors: Zhang Ling , Morshedi Mahbod , Schwich Torsten , Kobayashi Rika , Humphrey Mark G.
Published: May 2024

Metallodendrimers exhibit two- to six-photon absorption at key spectral regions (near-infrared I, II, and III). Structure-nonlinear absorption studies have defined the key molecular components contributing to the exceptional performance.
Cross-linked K0.5MnO2 nanoflower composites for high rate and low overpotential Li–CO2 batteries
Authors: Wu Jiawei , Chen Jian , Chen Xiaoyang , Liu Yang , Hu Zhe , Lou Feijian , Chou Shulei , Qiao Yun
Published: May 2024

The synergistic effect between ultra-thin K0.5MnO2 nanoflowers and CNTs effectively promotes the nucleation and charging decomposition of Li2CO3, achieving low overpotential and high average energy efficiency as a Li–CO2 cathode.
Metallaaromaticity involving a d0 early transition metal centre: synthesis, structure, and aromaticity of tantallapyridinazirine complexes
Authors: Yang Jingting , Xu Xin , Lin Zhenyang , Xie Zuowei
Published: May 2024

Though late transition metal aromatic metallabenzenes and related heteroatom-containing analogues have been well studied, the corresponding aromatic early transition metal complexes remain elusive.
A pilot model of care to achieve next-day discharge in patients undergoing hip and knee arthroplasty in an Australian public hospital setting
Authors: Delahunt Marisa , McGaw Rebekah , Hardidge Andrew
Published: May 2024

Objectives Internationally, hip or knee arthroplasty (TJA) with a 1-day hospital length of stay (LOS) is common and demonstrates improved patient and health service outcomes. This study aimed to develop and pilot an enhanced recovery program (ERP) for patients undergoing TJA to achieve a next-day discharge in an Australian public hospital setting. Methods A project lead and six perioperative clinical craft group leads developed an ERP protocol based on enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) principles. Strict patient eligibility criteria were developed. Quality improvement methodology was used to implement the ERP. A patient navigator was put in place as a single contact point for patients. Results A total of 825 patients were screened for the ERP and 47 patients completed the protocol. The mean ± standard deviation (s.d.) of the LOS was 34.7 (± 7.2) h with 41 patients (87%) achieving next-day discharge, the remaining six (13%) discharged on Day 2. Compliance with ERAS was high (96%) with mobilisation within 12 h occurring on 87% of occasions. There were no adverse events. Patient experience was positive. Conclusion Next-day discharge was achieved with a selected cohort of patients with no adverse events and positive patient experience, using a multidisciplinary approach and an improvement framework. Broadening inclusion criteria will make ERP available to more patients.
Starch and sucrose metabolism plays an important role in the stem development in Medicago sativa
Authors: Wu Jierui , Wang Xiaoyu , Bian Lin , Li Zhenyi , Jiang Xiaohong , Shi Fengling , Tang Fang , Zhang Zhiqiang
Published: May 2024

The forage quality of alfalfa (Medicago sativa) stems is greater than the leaves. Sucrose hydrolysis provides energy for stem development, with starch being enzymatically converted into sucrose to maintain energy homeostasis. To understand the physiological and molecular networks controlling stem development, morphological characteristics and transcriptome profiles in the stems of two alfalfa cultivars (Zhungeer and WL168) were investigated. Based on transcriptome data, we analysed starch and sugar contents, and enzyme activity related to starch-sugar interconversion. Zhungeer stems were shorter and sturdier than WL168, resulting in significantly higher mechanical strength. Transcriptome analysis showed that starch and sucrose metabolism were significant enriched in the differentially expressed genes of stems development in both cultivars. Genes encoding INV, bglX, HK, TPS and glgC downregulated with the development of stems, while the gene encoding was AMY upregulated. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis revealed that the gene encoding glgC was pivotal in determining the variations in starch and sucrose contents between the two cultivars. Soluble carbohydrate, sucrose, and starch content of WL168 were higher than Zhungeer. Enzyme activities related to sucrose synthesis and hydrolysis (INV, bglX, HK, TPS) showed a downward trend. The change trend of enzyme activity was consistent with gene expression. WL168 stems had higher carbohydrate content than Zhungeer, which accounted for more rapid growth and taller plants. WL168 formed hollow stems were formed during rapid growth, which may be related to the redistribution of carbohydrates in the pith tissue. These results indicated that starch and sucrose metabolism play important roles in the stem development in alfalfa.
Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander community members’ experiences of care in an urban Aboriginal Community Controlled Health Service transforming to a Patient Centred Medical Home
Authors: Clifford-Motopi Anton , Brown (Nununccal) Renee , White (Palawa Iningai) Antoinette , Harald (Gangulu) Patrice , Butler Danielle , Mathew Saira , Mackenzie Julie , Eaton Martie , Mills Richard
Published: May 2024

Background Few studies have examined patient experiences of the Patient Centred Medical Home (PCMH). This qualitative study explores the experiences of patients of an urban Aboriginal Community Controlled Health Service during its transition to a model of a PCMH. Methods Twenty-eight community members who were registered as patients of an urban Aboriginal Community Controlled Health Service were purposively recruited to participate in yarning interviews. Yarns were conducted using a guide containing open-ended questions in the same domains as those used in patient satisfaction surveys at the participating clinic. Data from yarns were analysed by Aboriginal and non-Indigenous researchers using thematic analysis. The interpretations of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander researchers were privileged in the analysis. Results Key themes highlighted the importance of relationships, connectedness, and personal growth and empowerment to community members’ health and wellbeing, which they described as a journey of healing and recovery. Delays in implementing a process to empanel patients in a care team meant that most community members were unaware a PCMH had been implemented. However, community members commonly reported a more welcoming environment, more contact with the same doctor and more involvement of Aboriginal Health Workers in their care. Conclusions Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander community members’ narratives of their experiences bear evidence of the acceptability of a PCMH model for delivery in Aboriginal Community Controlled Health Services to improve relational care between patients and health staff. A patient-directed empanelment process has been implemented to better connect patients to their care team in the clinic, and the role of the Aboriginal Health Worker reshaped to strengthen connections between patients and their care team in and outside the clinic.
The impact of socio-environmental factors on doxycycline post-exposure prophylaxis awareness in the US: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Samuel Krishen D. , Ellis Matthew S. , Buttram Mance E.
Published: May 2024

Background We investigated awareness and use of doxycycline post-exposure prophylaxis (doxyPEP) in the US. DoxyPEP has preventative benefits for bacterial STIs among people assigned male at birth. We considered how individual, interpersonal and social determinants of health, such as state-level LGBTQ equality, impact doxyPEP awareness. Methods We conducted an online snapshot cross-sectional survey in June 2023. Survey questions included demographics, sexual and substance use behaviours, and socio-environmental factors, and provided a short explanation of doxyPEP, with questions regarding prior awareness and use. Results Among a racially diverse sample of 196 participants (median age 33 years), 94% identified as cisgender men, 26% were aware of doxyPEP, whereas only 14 (7%) had ever used it. Factors significantly associated with awareness included being college educated (OR 2.50, 95% CI 1.09–5.74), a past year bacterial STI (OR 4.20, 95% CI 1.97–8.89), having discussed HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis with a health care provider (OR 3.88, 95% CI 1.99–7.57) and having taken HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (OR 2.29, 95% CI 1.11–4.70). Socio-environmental factors associated with doxyPEP awareness included living in a large urban city (OR 2.14, 95% CI 1.12–4.10) and living in a state with higher levels of LGBTQ policy equality (OR 2.18, 95% CI 1.07–4.44). Conclusions Considering the disproportionate impact of bacterial STIs on men who have sex with men, especially those living in lower LGBTQ equality regions, such as the Southern US, our study emphasises how socio-environmental factors may limit awareness and uptake of novel biomedical approaches that have the potential to prevent morbidity and enhance sexual health.
The 1986 Annaburroo experimental grassland fires: data
Authors: Gould James S. , Cruz Miguel G. , Sullivan Andrew L.
Published: May 2024

Background In 1986, CSIRO conducted a large program of experimental fires in grassland at Annaburroo Station, Northern Territory, Australia, with the objective of quantifying the effect of fuel condition (load and height) on fire behaviour. Aims This paper provides the data collected during this program, representing a unique set of observations and measurements of large, free-burning experimental fires conducted in a multi-factor experimental design. Methods Data are collated by experimental burn plot, providing detailed measurements of weather (wind speed, air temperature, relative humidity), fuel state (load, height, moisture content, curing) and fire behaviour (rate of spread, flame depth, flame height, head fire width), as well as processed information (e.g. steady-state rate of spread). Data availability The data are made available for free download on the CSIRO Data Access Portal (https://data.csiro.au/collection/csiro:58746) and include detailed metadata descriptions of the data and their structure, also provided in this article. Conclusions We have made the data available for fire behaviour researchers around the world to use in their research under the Creative Commons Attributions licence. It is hoped they will analyse these data and extract new and innovative insights to help improve our understanding of wildland fires burning in grass fuels.
“Yes, I Use Sunscreen,” and Other Takeaways from a Black Girl at Sleepaway Camp
Authors: Mitchell Briana Michele
Published: May 2024

Have you ever been curious about what it is like to be a speck of pepper in a sea of salt, or the only Black or brown body in a sea of white bodies? Speaking from experience, there are times when your body will experience a sudden shock of recognition or understanding. Things you had not fully grasped before become clear–you feel your differences in your body even before it registers in your mind.

My story is about the unique arc of trauma my body experienced at predominately white summer camps simply because it was different from the other bodies. One goal of this piece is to impress upon you, the need to create a sense of belonging for bodies of non-dominate campers. To achieve this, it is critical to seek to understand and gain knowledge about the trauma Black and brown bodies experience because they are different and to create emotionally safe environments for all bodies.

Information

© CAB International 2024
Impact of eliminating ungated access regions on DC and thermal performance of GaN-based MIS-HEMT
Authors: Zhang Xinkun , Zhou Yu , Xu Shuqian , Qie Haoran , Wang Qingru , Li Qian , Liu Jianxun , Sun Xiujian , Dai Quan , Zhan Xiaoning , Zhi Gaofei , Sun Qian , Yang Hui
Published: May 2024

The impacts of eliminating access regions (AR) on DC and thermal performance of GaN-based MIS-HEMT have been studied using a device of 4 µm gate length. Nominal absence of ARs was achieved by a metal-organic chemical vapor deposition-regrown heavily n-doped GaN contact region extended to the two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) channel (with sheet resistance as low as 14 Ω/

◻

and ohmic contact resistance of 0.20 

Ω
⋅

mm) and 22-nm-thick AlN/Al2O3/HfO2 insulator layers acting as both gate dielectrics and sidewall spacers. As a result, a low knee voltage (2.5 V @

V

GS

= +2 V) comparable to deeply-scaled devices was attained, revealing the dominant role of ARs in knee voltages. High linearity at lower supply voltages (gate voltage swing of 7.3 V @

V

DS

= 5 V) and a faster GVS saturation trend with V

DS
increasing were observed, benefiting from the improved utility of applied lateral voltage. Moreover, a much lower thermal resistance compared to that of the conventional MIS-HEMT structure (146 vs. 202 K W−1) was extracted by a static-pulsed I-V measurement method. Simplified TCAD simulations were conducted to explain the underlying mechanisms, demonstrating that the enhanced surface heat flow covered by the gate metal as well as the more uniform electric field along the 2DEG channel accounts for the better capability of heat management in the device free of ARs. Our results indicate the size of DC and thermal performance enhancements obtained by eliminating ARs in a GaN-based MIS-HEMT structure.
Superconductivity in breathing kagome-structured C14 Laves phase XOs2(X = Zr, Hf)
Authors: Meena P K , Mandal M , Manna P , Srivastava S , Sharma S , Mishra P , Singh R P
Published: May 2024

Recently, the emergence of superconductivity in kagome metals has generated significant interest due to its interaction with flat bands and topological electronic states, which exhibit a range of unusual quantum characteristics. This study thoroughly investigates largely unexplored breathing kagome structure C14 Laves phase compounds XOs2 (X = Zr, Hf) by XRD, electrical transport, magnetization, and specific heat measurements. Our analyses confirm the presence of the MgZn2-type structure in ZrOs2 and HfOs2 compounds, exhibiting type-II superconductivity with critical temperature (

T

C

) values of 2.90(3) K and 2.69(6) K, respectively. Furthermore, specific heat measurements and electron–phonon coupling constants for both compounds indicate weakly coupled fully gapped superconductivity.
Modulating the size distribution of preformed BaHfO3 nanocrystals towards effective flux pinning in MOD-derived YBCO-coated conductors
Authors: Yang Liying , Huang Rongtie , Zhou Xinghang , Chen Jing , Liu Zhiyong , Li Minjuan , Wang Gang , Cai Chuanbing
Published: May 2024

The added BaMO3 (BMO, M = Zr, Hf) nanocrystals into REBa2Cu3O7−δ
(REBCO, RE = Y or other rare earth) superconducting films by the technology of preformed nanocrystal addition from colloidal precursor solutions have coarsened after sintering of the REBCO films, which limit the BMO size control and flux pinning enhancement. In the present work, the evolution of the size of BaHfO3 (BHO) nanocrystals in the YBCO films is studied. The collection process of BHO nanocrystals is optimized to successfully separate BHO with an average size of 6 nm into two parts with average sizes of 4.5 nm and 7.7 nm, respectively. The evolution of three different BHO sizes in YBCO superconducting films with a thickness of 2.2 μm and 10 mol% addition reveals that the small-size preformed nanocrystals decomposed at high temperatures to release Hf ions, resulting in the coarsening of other preformed BHO nanocrystals. After modulating the BHO size by reducing the amount of small-size BHO, the coarsening factor is reduced from 1.6 to 1.1, leading to a better in-field performance, especially at low temperatures. At 30 K@1 T, the critical current density (J
c) of the 7.7 nm BHO-added YBCO increases by 23% and 50% than cases of 6 nm and 4.5 nm, respectively, being of great guiding value in the technology of performed nanocrystal addition.
Modelling the mechanics of 32 T REBCO superconductor magnet using numerical simulation
Authors: Srivastava Arpit Kumar , Pardo Enric
Published: May 2024

High-temperature REBCO superconducting tapes are very promising for high-field magnets. With high magnetic field applications there are high electromechanical forces, and thus a concern for mechanical damage. Due to the presence of large screening currents and the composite structure of the tape, the mechanical design of these magnets is not straightforward. In addition, many contemporary designs use insulated winding. In this work, we develop a novel two-dimensional axi-symmetric finite element tool programmed in MATLAB that assumes the displacement field to be within a linear elastic range. The stack of pancakes and the large number of REBCO tape turns are approximated as an anisotropic bulk hollow cylinder. Our results agree with uni-axial stress experiments in the literature, validating the bulk approximation. Here, we study the following configuration. The current is first ramped up to below the critical current and we calculate the screening currents and the forces that they cause using the minimum electromagnetic entropy production method (MEMEP) model. This electromagnetic model can now take insulated magnets into account. As a case study, a 32 T REBCO superconductor magnet is simulated numerically. We perform a complete mechanical analysis of the magnet by including the axial and shear mechanical quantities for each pancake, unlike in previous work where only radial and circumferential quantities were focused on. The effect on mechanical quantities without the screening current is also calculated and compared. It is shown that including the screening current-induced field strongly affects the mechanical quantities, especially the shear stress. The latter may be a critical quantity for certain magnet configurations. Additionally, in order to overcome high stresses, a stiff overbanding of different materials is considered and numerically modelled, which significantly reduces the mechanical stresses. The finite element-based model developed is efficient in calculating the mechanical behaviour of any general superconductor magnet and its devices.
Optimization of oil recovery using heated low salinity water (HLSW) in the horizontal sand pack column during water flooding: radiotracer intervention
Authors: Othman Noraishah , Mujaddid Bin Abdul Halim Akram , Firdaus Hakimi bin Mohd Zulkarnain Muhammad , Hizam Yusoff Nazrul
Published: May 2024

Water-flooding is a prevalent technique for secondary oil recovery that is capable to increase oil recovery by up to 45%. Due to its accessibility, affordability, and simplicity, water flooding is the most frequently used secondary oil recovery technique. However, the efficiency of conventional water flooding is limited by capillary forces which holds the residual crude oil in pore structures. Moreover, during water flooding operation, the injected fluid does not penetrate sufficiently due to low permeability or presence of channelling inside the sandstone reservoir. Therefore, in this study, thermal recovery was introduced to 100ppm (0.1g/L) low salinity water (LSW) in order to investigate the percentage of oil recovery during water flooding. A horizontal sand pack column was used for water flooding experiment and temperature and injections rate are the parameters to be optimised with respect to percentage of oil recovery. The column was initially packed with 125micrometer sieved sand to ensure constant homogeneity is achieved. Initially, formation water which comprised with NaCl, CaCl2 and MgSO4 was introduced inside the column together with light oil and was aged overnight. TAPIS oil with viscosity of 0.001382 Pa.s (1.382cP) was used as light-oil in this study. The injection rate was set to 1 mL/min, 2 mL/min, and 3 mL/min respectively whereas, the temperature of the LSW was heated at 50 °C, 70 °C, and 90 °C subsequently. Heated water was supplied continuously throughout the sand pack which was heated using water blanket to retain heat at 70°C (reservoir temperature). In conclusion, 3 mL/min and 70°C were identified as optimum parameters and the oil recovery experiment was proceeded with liquid radiotracer using Technecium-99m (Tc-99m) intervention and resulted with 73% of yield. Nevertheless, the radiotracer intervention only provides the Residence Time Distribution (RTD) model which describe the behaviour of the sand pack during water flooding process.
Initial findings of autonomous radiation mapping robot field test
Authors: Izzuan Mohd Ghazali Muhammad , Aira Abd Rahman Nur , Ramli Nabilah , Muhd Sarowi Suzilawati , Zahidee Taat Muhamad , Hasnulhadi Ahmad , Che Soh Syirrazie , Lombigit Lojius , Arymaswati Abdullah Nor , Aziz Noor Farhana Husna A , Shafiq Sazali Mohd , Ahmad Azimawati , Salleh Khairul
Published: May 2024

Radiation mapping using mobile robotic can minimize the risk of operator exposure to radiation while providing detailed radiation maps of targeted areas. Despite its potential advantages, the use of this technology is still limited and requires further investigation. In a previous study, an autonomous radiation mapping robot was designed and developed. This paper presents the initial findings on autonomous radiation mapping field test that focuses on the operation procedures and the challenges faced during the robot deployment. Temporary solutions implemented to overcome the challenges are also discussed. The results will provide insights for future researchers and operators working on mobile robotic technology for radiation mapping.
Lagrangian and Eulerian approach to predict the movement of radionuclides in selected potential sites in Malaysia during the monsoon period
Authors: Muhamad L H , Karim M K A , Yusof K A , Basri N A
Published: May 2024

In computing the movement of particles through the fluid, three types of dispersion models are used which are Gaussian plume models, Lagrangian puff models, and small-scale numerical models. Lagrangian particle dispersion models are increasingly used for nuclear applications. In this study, the usage of the Lagrangian model is implemented in a Hybrid Single Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory (HYSPLIT) which combines with the Eulerian model to predict the movement of radionuclides from the simulated nuclear power plant accident in selected locations in Malaysia. These include nuclear risk studies in these areas, emergency response systems, and source term analyses. This study aims to compare the risk from the dispersion of 137Cs from a simulated Nuclear Power Plant (NPP) at Mukah and Tasik Kenyir during the Northeast monsoon (8th October 2022) and Southeast monsoon (16th May 2022). The HYSPLIT model was set up based on the meteorological data during both monsoon periods and was simulated for 5 days. The outcomes revealed that the concentration of 137Cs is higher at Tasik Kenyir compared to Mukah for both during the Northeast monsoon period (3.5 x 107 Bq/m2) while for Southwest monsoon, the result is vice versa where the concentration of 137Cs at Mukah is (2.2 x 107Bq/m2). The activity concentration is then converted into rate effective dose measurement and compared with the limit suggested by ICRP which is 1 Sv per year. It is concluded that Tasik Kenyir is a more suitable location to build NPP compared to Mukah as the movement of radionuclides was dispersed to the location that contained less population.
Design and integration of a radiation detector module for robot operating system (ROS)
Authors: Aira Abd Rahman Nur , Salleh Mohamed Sahari Khairul , Zahidee Taat Muhammad , Lombigit Lojius , Arymaswati Abdullah Nor , Aziz NFH , Ramli N , Che Soh Syirrazie , Izzuan Mohd Ghazali Muhammad , Baharuddin MZ , Yeng Weng Leong
Published: May 2024

In this paper, we present a radiation detector module that can be seamlessly integrated with Robot Operating System (ROS) to enable robots to perform radiation measurements in hazardous environments. The module is designed with a detector PCB and connectors that are compatible with an Arduino shield. The Arduino firmware is programmed with a counter-timer algorithm and publishes data to the ROS environment, allowing for easy visualization of the data in a 2D occupancy map. Our experimental results demonstrate the module’s effectiveness in inspecting and reconstructing the robot’s path during operations. This paper provides a valuable contribution to the field of robotics by enabling robots to perform radiation measurements safely and accurately in dangerous environments.
Analysis of Thorium (Th) and Uranium (U) in radioactive wastewater sample in accordance with American Public Health Association (APHA) 3125 method
Authors: Abdul Zali Munirah , Hashim Azian , Abd Shukor Shakirah , Aminah Omar Siti , Laili Zalina
Published: May 2024

The main issue with thorium (Th) and uranium (U) in radioactive wastewater is the potential of these elements to contaminate the water bodies. The unregulated radioactive wastewater release can affect the ecosystem and potentially harm aquatic life. Therefore, there is a need to establish the analysis of Th and U using standard method to obtain better sensitivity and good confidence in the final report. In this study, the determination of uranium and thorium was employed using the American Public Health Association (APHA) method 3125 standard method. The method performance and method detection level (MDL) samples for APHA 3125 were prepared in the deionized water and digested using hot block (APHA 3030E) and microwave digester (APHA 3030K). The quantification of 238U, 235U and 232Th in the method performance and MDL samples was performed using Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS). From the results, the method performance samples for both digestion methods were in accordance with the APHA requirement. The MDL obtained from APHA 3030E for 232Th, 238U, and 235U were 5, 7, and 8 μg L−1 respectively. Meanwhile, the MDL obtained from the microwave digester for 232Th, 238U, and 235U, and were 2, 3, and 3 μg L−1 respectively. The APHA 3030K digestion technique gives lower and better detection limit compared to the APHA 3030E technique. Based on APHA 3030K MDL, 232Th was detected in the radioactive wastewater sample while 238U and 235U were less than MDL. Meanwhile, for APHA 3030E, all elements were below MDL. This study will enhance the detection of uranium and thorium in the radioactive wastewater sample towards better environmental monitoring programs at the national and global levels.
The potential of NAA and ICP-MS for determining soil dispersibility in relation to landslide incidents
Authors: Shah A S N , Zali M A , Nazer N S M , Hashim A , Rusdi A , Ismail A H
Published: May 2024

Dispersive soils pose significant challenges due to their inherent tendency to rapidly respond to the presence of water, resulting in erosion and heightened susceptibility to landslides. The inclusion of sodium (Na) onto the surface of soil clay particles results in the attenuation of the electrochemical interactions between the dispersed soil, leading to the repulsion and subsequent migration of the clay particles away from one another. This study employed Neutron Activation Analysis (NAA) and Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) to assess the Sodium Adsorption Ratio (SAR) and Exchangeable Sodium Percentage (ESP) as indicators of soil dispersibility. The results indicate that soils containing montmorillonite clay mineral exhibit greater values of SAR > 11 and ESP > 20 in comparison to soils containing other clay minerals i.e. kaolinite, illite, and vermiculite. The calculated SAR and ESP values obtained from both analyses demonstrate a notable agreement, indicating a positive correlation. In conclusion, it is apparent that both NAA and ICP-MS method has the capability to be applied for the purpose of predicting soil dispersibility in landslide-prone regions of Malaysia.
Underground utility inspection using ground penetrating radar
Authors: Sarah Tengku Amran Tengku , Ridzuan Ahmad Mohamad , Hazreq Haron Amer , Azreen Masenwat Noor , Mustapha Ismail , Fajri Osman Mohd , Abd Razak Noryana , Ahmad Khusaini Adnan Mior , Haziq Rahman Akmal , Afiq Adnan Amir , Ali Hasimah
Published: May 2024

Underground utility refers to any below-ground line, installation, or structure used by a service or utility provider. Underground utility inspection is a process of examining the designated area that needs to be inspected in detail. The purpose of the inspection is to ensure that the underground utility is in good condition and to check for any faults. By using the ground penetrating radar (GPR), the technology can capture images below the surface of the ground using radio waves. The various data through previous references are used to discuss and analyse the capability of GPR for underground utility inspection to ensure its gives the best performance for the inspection. GPR technology has become an essential tool for locating buried utilities and preventing damage and accidents during construction projects. This paper explores various advancements in GPR technology, including data processing methods and scanning techniques, to improve the accuracy and effectiveness of underground utility mapping. The research presented in this paper highlights the abilities of GPR to inspect underground utilities. The GPR data used in this project was collected from the evaluation and verification facility (EVF) in the Malaysia Nuclear Agency. The accuracy of these predicted positions was validated from GPR data and compared with as-built drawings from the contractor. The alternative analysis approaches that could be applied to improve the GPR accuracy when the optimum conditions are not met are also discussed.
The impacts of pullulan soaking on radish seed germination and seedling growth under salt stress
Authors: Li Piwu , Gu Jierui , Liu Keyi , Zeng Qingming
Published: May 2024

Pullulan can not only provide a source of organic carbon but also has excellent properties. However, current research is mostly limited to the physical properties of the high-molecular-weight components of pullulan, and little is known about the application of its low-molecular-weight components. This study was designed to explore the impact of presoaking of radish seeds in a pullulan solution on seed germination and subsequent seedling growth under salt stress conditions. Pullulan soaking was found to enhance the germination rates of radish seeds subjected to salt stress, while also enhancing the aboveground growth of radish seedlings. Pullulan soaking resulted in increases in chlorophyll, soluble protein, and soluble sugar concentrations in the leaves of these seedlings, together with greater peroxidase activity and root activity as well as decreases in Na+ and malondialdehyde concentrations. This provides an important reference for the application of pullulan in plant protection.
PEG modification increases thermostability and inhibitor resistance of Bst DNA polymerase
Authors: Yang Mengxia , Li Zhixing , Ren Hongjie , Lu Chen , Gao Xinyu , Xu Henghao
Published: May 2024

Polyethylene glycol modification (PEGylation) is a widely used strategy to improve the physicochemical properties of various macromolecules, especially protein drugs. However, its application in enhancing the performance of enzymes for molecular biology remains underexplored. This study explored the PEGylation of Bst DNA polymerase, determining optimal modification reaction conditions. In comparison to the unmodified wild-type counterpart, the modified Bst DNA polymerase exhibited significantly improved activity, thermal stability, and inhibitor tolerance during loop-mediated isothermal amplification. When applied for the detection of Salmonella in crude samples, the modified enzyme demonstrated a notably accelerated reaction rate. Therefore, PEGylation emerges as a viable strategy for refining DNA polymerases, helping in the development of novel molecular diagnostic reagents.
Microscopic and molecular genetic analyses of morphological development of the actinomycete Actinoplanes missouriensis
Authors: Tezuka Takeaki
Published: May 2024

The survival strategy of members of the bacterial genus Actinoplanes is fascinating from morphological and evolutionary perspectives. A brief motile phase is incorporated in the filamentous and resting stages of the life cycle of Actinoplanes missouriensis. Spores either lie dormant or swim under different external conditions. This review presents microscopic observations and molecular genetic analyses of A. missouriensis morphological development. Selected examples of the characterization of developmental genes and their products are also introduced.
DeGeCI 1.1: a web platform for gene annotation of mitochondrial genomes
Authors: Fiedler Lisa , Bernt Matthias , Middendorf Martin
Published: May 2024

DeGeCI is a command line tool that generates fully automated de novo gene predictions from mitochondrial nucleotide sequences by using a reference database of annotated mitogenomes which is represented as a de Bruijn graph. The input genome is mapped to this graph, creating a subgraph, which is then post-processed by a clustering routine. Version 1.1 of DeGeCI offers a web front-end for GUI-based input. It also introduces a new taxonomic filter pipeline that allows the species in the reference database to be restricted to a user-specified taxonomic classification and allows for gene boundary optimization when providing the translation table of the input genome.

Availability and implementation

The web platform is accessible at https://degeci.informatik.uni-leipzig.de. Source code is freely available at https://git.informatik.uni-leipzig.de/lfiedler/degeci.
Impact of pruritus on patient fatigue: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Andrade Luis F , Haq Zaim , Abdi Parsa , Diaz Michael J , Yosipovitch Gil
Published: May 2024

Through an analysis of 114 015 adult patients in the NIH All of Us research programme – an initiative structured to incorporate populations that have been historically under-represented in biomedical research – we concluded that diagnoses of chronic pruritus and pruritus-related conditions were significantly associated with increased fatigue compared with age-, sex- and race/ethnicity propensity-matched controls without pruritus.
Post-Proceedings Support in a Family Drug and Alcohol Court
Authors: Baginsky Mary , Hickman Ben , Manthorpe Jill
Published: May 2024

This article presents the findings from an evaluation of post-proceedings support (PPS) within Gloucestershire Family Drug and Alcohol Court (FDAC). PPS is offered to parents in the year immediately following a completed FDAC hearing. The article provides background on the formation and development of FDACs across England and FDAC evaluations, before detailing the specific delivery model in use in Gloucestershire. The evaluation that took place March 2020–July 2022 examined the delivery, effectiveness and impact of the support services provided to families after legal proceedings concerning child welfare due to parental substance misuse. Employing a mixed-methods approach, the study analysed quantitative data to assess outcomes such as parental cessation of substance misuse and family reunification, alongside qualitative insights through interviews exploring families' and professionals' perceptions and experiences. This evaluation sheds light on the strengths and limitations of this post-proceeding offer. It examines the extent to which the services can be said to contribute to sustainable recovery for parents and whether the model is transferable to other FDACs. It highlights the importance of continuing support for families and may provide ‘conceptual’ transferability and insights that will be relevant to other FDACs and beyond into children’s and families’ social work.
‘Closing the Gap’: How is the Use of Non-Mainstream Schools Related to the Educational Outcomes of Children in Public Care?
Authors: Sinclair Ian , Luke Nikki
Published: May 2024

In high-income countries, children ‘in care’ have, on average, much lower educational attainment than their peers. We explore the hypothesis that this gap can be lessened by reducing the use of non-mainstream schools (NMS). We analysed a national longitudinal data-set comprising state-educated children eligible for national examinations in 2013 at the age of sixteen years (n = 642,805), including a sub-sample of 4,847 children looked after continuously in state care for at least a year on 31 March 2013 (CLA12). Nearly four out of ten CLA12 were in NMS at the age of sixteen years: this proportion varied widely between authorities. The academic attainment of those in NMS was very low and lower on average in authorities making high use of NMS. These differences were not explained by differences in child characteristics. We argue that care removes children from stress at home and offers them an opportunity to realise their academic potential. However, concentrating children with very low attainments, behavioural problems or highly specialised needs in long-term settings makes it difficult to realise this potential. Real needs for individualised teaching in a supportive setting should be flexibly met in mainstream schools, special units within these schools or, at the most, short-term placements in NMS.