bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Real-world treatment patterns in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: associations with comorbidities and damage
Authors: Eviatar Tali , Yahalom Roni , Livnat Idit , Elboim Moran , Elkayam Ori , Chodick Gabriel , Rosenberg Vered , Paran Daphna
Published: September 2024

Objective

To assess treatment patterns and the association between long-term glucocorticoid (GC) and hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) use and damage accrual in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).

Methods

A retrospective study including patients with SLE using the computerised database of a large health maintenance organisation. Patients were matched with subjects from the general population. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to assess the association between GC cumulative daily doses, HCQ and comorbidities: Osteoporosis, cardiovascular disease (CVD), hypertension and diabetes mellitus. Models were adjusted for age, sex, socioeconomic status, smoking, disease duration and HCQ use.

Results

A total of 1073 patients with SLE were included, 87.79% were women. The age at first diagnosis was 37.23±14.36 and the SLE disease duration was 12.89±6.23 years. Initiation of HCQ within 12 months of SLE diagnosis increased from 51.02% in 2000 to 83.67% in 2010 and 93.02% in 2018. The annual usage of GC gradually decreased from 45.34% in 2000 to 30.76% in 2020. CVD and osteoporosis were more prevalent in SLE than in the general population. Multivariable logistic regression models revealed increased odds for comorbidities in patients receiving a mean daily dose of prednisone of more than 5 mg/day compared with those receiving 5 mg/day or less.

Conclusions

CVD and osteoporosis were more prevalent in SLE than in the general population. The dose and frequency of GC treatment in patients with SLE have decreased over the years. Prednisone usage in doses exceeding 5 mg/day is associated with significantly increased odds of osteoporosis and CVD.
Tongue pressure, respiratory muscle and limb strength and functional exercise capacity in oesophageal cancer
Authors: Fukushima Takuya , Yamasaki Makoto , Yamamoto Nobuyuki , Arima Yasuaki , Harino Takashi , Hori Soshi , Hashimoto Yuki , Kotsuka Masaya , Inoue Kentaro , Hase Kimitaka , Nakano Jiro
Published: September 2024

Objectives

Preoperative management of oesophageal cancer requires effective prehabilitation. This study investigates the relationship between tongue pressure, respiratory muscle, handgrip and lower limb muscle strengths, and functional exercise capacity in patients with oesophageal cancer to develop a novel prehabilitation strategy.

Methods

This prospective, single-centre, observational study analysed data from 29 pretreatment patients with oesophageal cancer. We evaluated tongue pressure, maximal inspiratory and expiratory pressures, handgrip and lower limb muscle strengths, functional exercise capacity and dysphagia scores before treatment. The relationship between parameters was identified using Spearman’s correlation analysis.

Results

Maximal inspiratory and expiratory pressures were significantly associated with handgrip and lower extremity muscle strengths and functional exercise capacity. However, tongue pressure was not associated with maximal inspiratory and expiratory pressures, handgrip and lower extremity muscle strengths and functional exercise capacity. Rather, tongue pressure was significantly associated with clinical T, dysphagia and nutritional status scores.

Conclusions

Respiratory muscle strength was associated with conventional sarcopenia and functional exercise capacity. Tongue pressure was not associated with respiratory muscle strength, conventional sarcopenia and functional exercise capacity. Rather, tongue pressure was associated with clinical T, dysphagia and nutritional status scores. Preoperative management of oesophageal cancer requires prehabilitation consisting of exercise and nutritional therapy and an additional swallowing programme, such as tongue resistance training, for patients without progress in oral intake, based on tongue pressure evaluation.
TEMPORAL AND SPATIAL MODELING OF THE SPREAD OF DENGUE FEVER IN BRAZIL
Authors: RIOS ADRIANO NICOLA , AMAKU MARCOS
Published: September 2024

Dengue is a viral infection caused by an arbovirus and spread through the bites of mosquitoes of the genus Aedes which causes significant human and economic damage every year. Preventive measures have been taken to reduce the proliferation of the transmitting mosquito and efforts are being made to obtain an efficient vaccine for the disease. Parallel to these measures, several studies present a model for the spread of the disease in order to determine relevant factors in the process and thus guide preventive measures and future vaccination initiatives.

Within this context, this work brings a modeling for the spread of the disease through a system of differential equations where the geographic region studied (a Brazilian city) is divided into sub-regions with human circulation between them, thus making humans the spreader of the disease.

Using the model, it was possible to characterize the time series of people infected with dengue in the city of Goiânia, Brazil, between 2000 and 2003 using two and three subdivisions of the geographic region studied. Seasonal cycles of the disease have been described without exhausting the number of susceptible humans.
Live Motile Sperm Sorting Device Improves Embryo Aneuploidy: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Gotsiridze Ketevan , Menabde Nana , Makhniashvili Mariam , Jokhadze Tamar
Published: September 2024

Background: Conventional sperm selection methods, involving centrifugation, exert a detrimental effect on sperm DNA integrity due to mechanical stress. The recent noninvasive sperm selection device, CA0, based on live sperm sorting technology, facilitates the retrieval of highly motile sperm and minimizes sperm DNA fragmentation (SDF). This study was to investigate the impact of various sperm separation methods, with and without centrifugation, on embryo ploidy status.

Methods: The retrospective study comprised 82 intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) cycles involving preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidy (PGT-A) cases, with a focus on recruiting egg donation cycles to thoroughly investigate the impact of male factors. Two populations are classified based on semen quality: normozoospermic ([Formula: see text] = 33) and non-normozoospermic ([Formula: see text] = 49). Subjects were allocated to either swim-up (SU) or CA0. Preimplantation genetic testing results were recorded.

Results: When comparing male characteristics between subgroups, no significant differences were observed except for a lower normal morphology rate in the CA0 group compared to SU (SU: 3 [3–4] vs. CA0: 2 [2–2.8], [Formula: see text] < 0.0001) in the non-normozoospermic cohort. There were no differences in female factors such as age and mature oocyte count (MII) number between subgroups, indicating that this model is ideal for assessing the impact of male factors on clinical outcomes. In the normozoospermic cohort, euploidy rates were similar between SU and CA0 (SU: 71.9% vs. CA0: 64.2%). However, in the non-normozoospermic cohort, CA0 showed a significantly higher euploidy rate compared to SU (SU: 53.6% vs. CA0: 74.2%) and a lower aneuploidy rate (SU: 37.1% vs. CA0: 25.8%). Additionally, CA0 minimized the incidence of mosaic embryos, whereas a mosaicism rate of 9.3% was observed with SU. This trend highlights CA0’s distinct advantage in optimizing outcomes for non-normozoospermic cases.

Conclusions: CA0 is a reliable intervention to optimize paternal genetic quality before assisted insemination, thereafter effectively reducing the incidence of embryo aneuploidy associated with male factors.
PACMHCI, VI, MHCI, September 2024 Editorial
Authors: Koelle Marion , van Berkel Niels , Waycott Jenny
Published: September 2024

Welcome to this issue of the Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction, which brings together contributions from the Mobile Human-Computer Interaction (MHCI) community. This issue showcases innovations in research focused on mobile, wearable, and personal devices. Research in MHCI encompasses both technical innovations and social considerations. Mobile technologies accompany us throughout our daily lives: at home, at work, in traffic, and out in the wild. However, while mobile technologies provide the capacity for constant connectivity, they also pose risks of harm and unintended consequences. There has never been a more pressing time to debate and explore the meaning of digital culture, and to understand how mobile technologies can and should be used to connect us, our data, and mobile applications and services in meaningful ways - true to the conference theme of 'Connecting Cultures'.
ChitChatGuide: Conversational Interaction Using Large Language Models for Assisting People with Visual Impairments to Explore a Shopping Mall
Authors: Kaniwa Yuka , Kuribayashi Masaki , Kayukawa Seita , Sato Daisuke , Takagi Hironobu , Asakawa Chieko , Morishima Shigeo
Published: September 2024

To enable people with visual impairments (PVI) to explore shopping malls, it is important to provide information for selecting destinations and obtaining information based on the individual's interests. We achieved this through conversational interaction by integrating a large language model (LLM) with a navigation system. ChitChatGuide allows users to plan a tour through contextual conversations, receive personalized descriptions of surroundings based on transit time, and make inquiries during navigation. We conducted a study in a shopping mall with 11 PVI, and the results reveal that the system allowed them to explore the facility with increased enjoyment. The LLM-based conversational interaction, by understanding vague and context-based questions, enabled the participants to explore unfamiliar environments effectively. The personalized and in-situ information generated by the LLM was both useful and enjoyable. Considering the limitations we identified, we discuss the criteria for integrating LLMs into navigation systems to enhance the exploration experiences of PVI.
Crafting for Emotion Appropriateness in Affective Robotics: Examining the Practicality of the OCC Model
Authors: Herdel Viviane , Cauchard Jessica R.
Published: September 2024

Research in affective robotics has been using emotions to improve human-robot interaction. One important aspect has been to design recognizable and believable emotions in robotics. Recent work argued that externally displayed emotions on robots may or may not be appropriate for a given situation. However, the selection of emotions as appropriate/inappropriate is not trivial. We here examine the practicality of an established model to craft for emotion appropriateness based on situations of interaction. To do so, we explored the use of the Ortony, Clore, and Collins (OCC) model, which provides a psychological framework of appraisal in which the characteristics of situations are defined and connected to emotions, to identify emotion categories and create contrasting perceptions of emotion appropriateness. We then mapped these categories to four recognizable emotions on aerial robots and designed two video clips (3min35s each) of respectively appropriate and inappropriate emotions. The clips were evaluated in an online study (
N
=100) where significant differences were found in attitudes toward the robot's emotions. This paper contributes initial findings to designing for emotion appropriateness.
Design and Perception of a Soft Shape Change Beneath a Smartwatch
Authors: Fan Zhuzhi , Sanson Alexis , Rames Thomas , Coutrix Céline
Published: September 2024

We explore the design of a watch that can deliver notifications through shape changes, with a specific focus on changes in curvature at the back of the watch face. We explain our design choices and the challenges we faced while creating such a watch. We conducted an experimental study to determine the absolute detection threshold (ADT) of this novel form of feedback. We compared the ADT of two different watches, both of which have a back face that can change its curvature and make contact with the wearer's wrist to notify them. These two watches exhibit different shapes when inflated with high air pressure. To determine the ADT, we conducted a standard two-down, one-up adaptive staircase procedure. Our findings show that an ADT of 3.86 psi is required to inflate the back surface for detection by participants. Overall, our qualitative findings indicate that participants enjoyed this novel type of feedback and could feel different sensations with each watch.
DriveR:
Towards Generating a Dynamic Road Safety Map with Causal Contexts
Authors: Das Debasree , Chakraborty Sandip , Mitra Bivas
Published: September 2024

Road safety remains a critical global concern, with millions of crashes reported annually. Understanding the safety of individual road junctions is vital, especially in areas prone to road rage and reckless driving. However, current navigation systems lack detailed safety information, increasing risk for drivers and pedestrians. Recognizing this need, this paper introduces øurmethod that automatically annotates the road segments with a driving safety level to aid cautious maneuvering and safe driving practices. By leveraging onboard sensors, øurmethod identifies
causal chains
behind poor driving maneuvers, enabling the modeling of safety levels for various road segments. We perform a thorough evaluation of øurmethod over publicly available and collected datasets from multiple countries and observe >80% accuracy (in terms of F1-score) in correctly annotating the safety concerns. In addition, a thorough user study indicates the generalizability and usability of the proposed approach for its practical deployment considerations.
Exploring Redirection and Shifting Techniques to Mask Hand Movements from Shoulder-Surfing Attacks during PIN Authentication in Virtual Reality
Authors: Weiss Yannick , Villa Steeven , Grootjen Jesse W , Hoppe Matthias , Kale Yasin , Müller Florian
Published: September 2024

The proliferation of mobile Virtual Reality (VR) headsets shifts our interaction with virtual worlds beyond our living rooms into shared spaces. Consequently, we are entrusting more and more personal data to these devices, calling for strong security measures and authentication. However, the standard authentication method of such devices - entering PINs via virtual keyboards - is vulnerable to shoulder-surfing, as movements to enter keys can be monitored by an unnoticed observer. To address this, we evaluated masking techniques to obscure VR users' input during PIN authentication by diverting their hand movements. Through two experimental studies, we demonstrate that these methods increase users' security against shoulder-surfing attacks from observers without excessively impacting their experience and performance. With these discoveries, we aim to enhance the security of future VR authentication without disrupting the virtual experience or necessitating additional hardware or training of users.
Exploring Users' Mental Models and Privacy Concerns During Interconnected Interactions
Authors: Windl Maximiliane , Schlegel Magdalena , Mayer Sven
Published: September 2024

Users frequently use their smartphones in combination with other smart devices, for example, when streaming music to smart speakers or controlling smart appliances. During these interconnected interactions, user data gets handled and processed by several entities that employ different data protection practices or are subject to different regulations. Users need to understand these processes to inform themselves in the right places and make informed privacy decisions. We conducted an online survey (N=120) to investigate whether users have accurate mental models about interconnected interactions. We found that users consider scenarios more privacy-concerning when multiple devices are involved. Yet, we also found that most users do not fully comprehend the privacy-relevant processes in interconnected interactions. Our results show that current privacy information methods are insufficient and that users must be better educated to make informed privacy decisions. Finally, we advocate for restricting data processing to the app layer and better encryption to reduce users' data protection responsibilities.
Good Intentions, Risky Inventions: A Method for Assessing the Risks and Benefits of AI in Mobile and Wearable Uses
Authors: Constantinides Marios , Bogucka Edyta Paulina , Scepanovic Sanja , Quercia Daniele
Published: September 2024

Integrating Artificial Intelligence (AI) into mobile and wearables offers numerous benefits at individual, societal, and environmental levels. Yet, it also spotlights concerns over emerging risks. Traditional assessments of risks and benefits have been sporadic, and often require costly expert analysis. We developed a semi-automatic method that leverages Large Language Models (LLMs) to identify AI uses in mobile and wearables, classify their risks based on the EU AI Act, and determine their benefits that align with globally recognized long-term sustainable development goals; a manual validation of our method by two experts in mobile and wearable technologies, a legal and compliance expert, and a cohort of nine individuals with legal backgrounds who were recruited from Prolific, confirmed its accuracy to be over 85%. We uncovered that specific applications of mobile computing hold significant potential in improving well-being, safety, and social equality. However, these promising uses are linked to risks involving sensitive data, vulnerable groups, and automated decision-making. To avoid rejecting these risky yet impactful mobile and wearable uses, we propose a risk assessment checklist for the Mobile HCI community.
Haptic2FA: Haptics-Based Accessible Two-Factor Authentication for Blind and Low Vision People
Authors: Bhole Palavi V. , Li Ziming , Bokolia Shivang , Oh Tae , Tigwell Garreth W. , Peiris Roshan L
Published: September 2024

Two-factor Authentication (also known as 2FA or two-step verification) is an authentication method that provides an extra layer of protection to ensure online account security. 2FA methods are used along with other primary authentication methods like PINs and Passwords to verify that the person trying to access any digital account is the person they are claiming to be. However, 2FA methods can be inaccessible for blind and low vision (BLV) users due to the requirement of multiple steps, apps, and/or devices for authentication. In addition, it can be a security risk as screen readers may read out the verification codes to bystanders. To address this, we present Haptic2FA, a haptic-based authentication method to improve 2FA accessibility for BLV users. Here, as a part of the 2FA process, the users are sent a 'haptic pattern' (similar to a one-time passcode in traditional 2FA methods) that they are required to enter or select for verification. Through a usability study with 10 BLV participants, we evaluated haptic patterns and input methods for the haptic patterns in the Haptic2FA method. Through the findings, we discuss the accessibility and usability of the Haptic2FA method.
Privacy Slider: Fine-Grain Privacy Control for Smartphones
Authors: Bemmann Florian , Stoll Helena , Mayer Sven
Published: September 2024

Today, users are constrained by binary choices when configuring permissions. These binary choices contrast with the complex data collected, limiting user control and transparency. For instance, weather applications do not need exact user locations when merely inquiring about local weather conditions. We envision sliders to empower users to fine-tune permissions. First, we ran two online surveys (N=123 & N=109) and a workshop (N=5) to develop the initial design of
Privacy Slider.
After the implementation phase, we evaluated our functional prototype using a lab study (N=32). The results show that our slider design for permission control outperforms today's system concerning all measures, including control and transparency.
Rehab-Diary: Enhancing Recovery Identity with an Online Support Group for Middle Aged and Older Ovarian Cancer Patients
Authors: Zhao Jianan , Zhu Dian , Chang Fangyuan , Han Ting
Published: September 2024

Ovarian cancer presents significant well-being challenges for middle-aged and older women. Recent research underscores the vital role of recovery identity in predicting wellbeing. However, a research gap exists regarding the influence of online support groups (OSPs) on identity synthesis for middle-aged and older cancer patients. This study introduces "Rehab-Diary," a mobile age-friendly OSP grounded in The Social Identity Model of Identity Change, aimed at helping ovarian cancer patients foster recovery identity. A four-week randomized controlled trial involving 68 participants assessed the OSP's impact. The interface was tailored for ease of use by older individuals. The findings demonstrate the feasibility of utilizing Rehab- Diary among older individuals. The intervention effectively enhanced recovery identity. This study offers evidence-based insights for developing future age-friendly online support interventions, ultimately enhancing ovarian cancer patients' quality of care.
Shock Me The Way: Directional Electrotactile Feedback under the Smartwatch as a Navigation Aid for Cyclists
Authors: Duente Tim , Stanke Dennis , Klose Moritz , Simon Benjamin , Al-Azzawi Ibraheem , Rohs Michael
Published: September 2024

Cycling navigation is a complex and stressful task as the cyclist needs to focus simultaneously on the navigation, the road, and other road users. We propose directional electrotactile feedback at the wrist to reduce the auditory and visual load during navigation-aided cycling. We designed a custom electrotactile grid with 9 electrodes that is clipped under a smartwatch. In a preliminary study we identified suitable calibration settings and gained first insights about a suitable electrode layout. In a subsequent laboratory study we showed that a direction can be encoded with a mean error of 19.28\,° (σ = 42.77°) by combining 2 adjacent electrodes. Additionally, by interpolating with 3 electrodes a direction can be conveyed with a similar mean error of 22.54° (σ = 43.57°). We evaluated our concept of directional electrotactile feedback for cyclists in an outdoor study, in which 98.8% of all junctions were taken correctly by eight study participants. Only one participant deviated substantially from the optimal path, but was successfully navigated back to the original route by our system.
Studying the Simultaneous Visual Representation of Microgestures
Authors: Lambert Vincent , Goguey Alix , Malacria Sylvain , Nigay Laurence
Published: September 2024

Hand microgestures are promising for mobile interaction with wearable devices. However, they will not be adopted if practitioners cannot communicate to users the microgestures associated with the commands of their applications. This requires unambiguous representations that simultaneously show the multiple microgestures available to control an application. Using a systematic approach, we evaluate how these representations should be designed and contrast 4 conditions depending on the microgestures (tap-swipe and tap-hold) and fingers (index and index-middle) considered. Based on the results, we design a simultaneous representation of microgestures for a given set of 14 application commands. We then evaluate the usability of the representation for novice users and the suitability of the representation for small screens compared with a baseline. Finally, we formulate 8 recommendations based on the results of all the experiments. In particular, redundant graphical and textual representations of microgestures should only be displayed for novice users.
Your Eyes on Speed: Using Pupil Dilation to Adaptively Select Speed-Reading Parameters in Virtual Reality
Authors: Grootjen Jesse W. , Thalhammer Philipp , Kosch Thomas
Published: September 2024

Rapid Serial Visual Presentation (RSVP) improves the reading speed for optimizing the user's information processing capabilities on Virtual Reality (VR) devices. Yet, the user's RSVP reading performance changes over time while the reading speed remains static. In this paper, we evaluate pupil dilation as a physiological metric to assess the mental workload of readers in real-time. We assess mental workload under different background lighting and RSVP presentation speeds to estimate the optimal color that discriminates the pupil diameter varying RSVP presentation speeds. We discovered that a gray background provides the best contrast for reading at various presentation speeds. Then, we conducted a second study to evaluate the classification accuracy of mental workload for different presentation speeds. We find that pupil dilation relates to mental workload when reading with RSVP. We discuss how pupil dilation can be used to adapt the RSVP speed in future VR applications to optimize information intake.
Verifying Finger-Fitts Models for Normalizing Subjective Speed-Accuracy Biases
Authors: Yamanaka Shota , Usuba Hiroki , Oba Yosuke , Kinoshita Taiki , Tomihari Ryuto , Kasahara Nobuhito , Miyashita Homei
Published: September 2024

Previous studies on the Finger-Fitts law (FFitts law) are lacking in sufficient experiments to verify its inherent potential. Since the FFitts law is originally a modified version of theeffective width methodto normalize speed-accuracy biases, the model fit would improve if multiple biases were mixed together and the throughputs would be more stable than using the nominal target width. In this study, we conduct an experiment in which participants tap 1D-bar and 2D-circular targets under three subjective biases: balancing the speed and accuracy, emphasizing speed, and emphasizing accuracy when they perform the tasks. The results showed that applying the effective width to Ko et al.'s refined FFitts law, which represents the touch ambiguity with a free parameter, was the most successful in normalizing biases. Reanalyzing another dataset on ray-casting pointing also led to the same conclusion. We thus recommend using Ko et al.'s model with effective width when researchers compare several experimental conditions such as devices and user groups.
WhisperCup: A Design Exploration for Improving the Remote Communication between Chinese Parents and Their Adult Children through Digitally-Augmented Everyday Objects
Authors: Zhang Lina , Yuan Yichen , Li Jiaan , Cassinelli Alvaro , Zhu Kening
Published: September 2024

Chinese families usually place a strong emphasis on maintaining a sense of integrality even after the children have grown up. However, this might pose challenges in remote communication. For instance, over-frequent remote communication may disturb each other's life; and because of Chinese people's conservative way of expression, pervasive communication tools, such as video or voice calls, cannot communicate each other's emotions conveniently. To enhance remote communication between Chinese parents and their adult children, we employed a three-stage design process to identify the target users' needs in remote communication and presented WhisperCup. Our study indicated that WhisperCup could unintentionally increase daily communication between Chinese parents and adult children. The awareness system embedded in the WhisperCup prototype could provide a glimpse of each other's daily life, helping virtually engage in each other's life. Additionally, we found that WhisperCup could facilitate a better understanding of each other's lives while addressing privacy concerns.
Knowledge Graph Guided Neural Machine Translation with Dynamic Reinforce-selected Triples
Authors: Zhao Yang , Kang Xiaomian , Zhang Yaping , Zhang Jiajun , Zhou Yu , Zong Chengqing
Published: September 2024

Previous methods incorporating knowledge graphs (KGs) into neural machine translation (NMT) adopt a static knowledge utilization strategy, that introduces many useless knowledge triples and makes the useful triples difficult to be utilized by NMT. To address this problem, we propose a KG guided NMT model with dynamic reinforce-selected triples. The proposed methods could dynamically select the different useful knowledge triples for different source sentences. Specifically, the proposed model contains two components: (1) knowledge selector, that dynamically selects useful knowledge triples for a source sentence, and (2) knowledge guided NMT (KgNMT), that utilizes the selected triples to guide the translation of NMT. Meanwhile, to overcome the non-differentiable problem and guide the training procedure, we propose a policy gradient strategy to encourage the model to select useful triples and improve the generation probability of gold target sentence. Various experimental results show that the proposed method can significantly outperform the baseline models in both translation quality and handling the entities.
Rescaffolding Carbon Nanotubes in Thermoset Polymers by Heat Treatments
Authors: Fang Jen-Kuang , Chen Jen-Chun , Shih Pai-Sheng , Liu Hsuan-Yu , Hsu Shu-Huai , Yeh Joey , Hu Kai-Xiang , Chen Ping-Chun , Tsai Hsin-Jung , Hsu Wen-Kuang
Published: September 2024

Due to cross‐linked structures, thermoset polymers cannot provide sufficient free volume for nanofillers to maneuver. Related composites are therefore governed by phase separation where filler‐deficit regions become mechanical weakness. This work discovers that carbon nanotubes can be redispersed in thermoset polymer through heat treatments, thus, enhancing strength, thermal, and electrical conductivity of composites. Experiments carried out on a different thermoset matrix gives a similar trend where heating induced tube displacement is also verified by molecular dynamic simulations and piezo‐resistivity tests.
Correlation Between Chang‐9 Crude Oil and Potential Source Rocks, Upper Triassic Yan‐Chang Formation, Middle Area of Ordos Basin: Correlation Between Crude Oil in the Chang‐9 Member and Potential Source Rocks
Authors: Liu Yan , Yue Han , Li Rongxi , Liu Xuefeng
Published: September 2024

The Chang 9 oil layer deposits within Ansai District, Ordos Basin, yield considerable reserves of crude oil, yet their source remains ambiguous. This research endeavor was designed to characterize the Chang 9 crude oil and the Chang 7 and Chang 9 source rocks (SRs) of the Yan‐Chang Formation via organic geochemical analysis. The results indicate that the Chang 9 crude oil exhibits a Pr/Ph ratio of 0.84–2.29 and Ga/C30H less than 0.1, implying formed in a weak reduction to weak oxidation freshwater environment. The regular sterane C27‐C28‐C29 configuration assumes an inversed “L” type, reflecting mixed sources and dominant terrestrial plant input. Ratios such as C2920S/(20S + 20R) (0.54–0.6) and C29ββ/(ββ + αα) (0.44–0.58) indicate a mature oil stage. The depositional environment of the C7 and C9 SRs is similar, with weak oxidation to reduction conditions, and consists mainly of Type I and II organics, with a relatively higher maturity of the C9 SRs. A difference in C19/C23TT and C30D/C30H was found between the C7 and C9 SRs. The results show that the C9 crude oils have a similar C19/C23TT with the C9 SRs and similar diahopanes distribution with Class II SRs (C7 and part of the C9 SRs). Thus, the C9 crude oils most likely originate from the C9 SR mixed with the C7 SRs.
Deficits in Emotional Perception–Related Motor Cortical Excitability in Individuals With Trait Anxiety: A Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Study
Authors: Liu Hui , Wang Linqi , Tan Xiaoying , Zhang Jian , Xia Xue
Published: September 2024

Abnormal emotional perception may contribute to emotional dysfunction in individuals with anxiety. This study explored the progression of impaired emotional perception with the deepening of anxiety in individuals with nonclinical trait anxiety, by measuring the motor cortical excitability associated with emotional perception. In total, 87 participants were assigned to a high trait anxiety (n = 27), moderate trait anxiety (n = 30), or low trait anxiety (n = 30) group. Transcranial magnetic stimulation was applied to the right primary motor cortex at 150 ms or 300 ms after the onset of positive, negative, or neutral images, while participants performed an emotion recognition task, and motor‐evoked potentials (MEPs) were collected. For participants with low trait anxiety, MEP amplitudes were significantly higher for both negative and positive stimuli than for neutral stimuli. Participants with moderate trait anxiety showed significantly higher MEP amplitudes only for negative stimuli. Participants with high trait anxiety showed no significant difference in MEP amplitudes for positive, negative, and neutral stimuli. Trait anxiety score was negatively correlated with MEP amplitude: For higher trait anxiety scores, MEP amplitudes were correlated with lower emotional perception of positive and negative stimuli. Findings suggest that anxiety impairs emotional perception–related motor cortical excitability, starting with decreased motor cortical excitability responses to positive information and progressing to negative information as anxiety levels increase.
Longitudinal Examination of Stress and Depression in Older Adults Over a 2‐Year Period: Moderation Effect of Varied Social Support Measures
Authors: Lee Jin-kyung , Lee Jinhee , Hwang Sangwon , Chung Moo-Kwon , Park Ji Young , Shin Taeksoo , Lee Kyoung-Joung , Lim Hyo-Sang , Urtnasan Erdenebayar , Kim Min-Hyuk
Published: September 2024

Depressive symptoms and stress exposure fluctuate over time in community‐dwelling older adults, but they are frequently assessed using one‐time retrospective self‐report measures. Social support viewed as a multifaceted construct can play diverse moderating roles in this association although it is typically gauged through the measure of perceived social support. This study aims to explore the relationships between stress, social support, and depressive symptoms among older adults by utilizing the longitudinal data collected through a smartphone application and supplemented by annual face‐to‐face interviews conducted over a 2‐year period. Using longitudinal multilevel analysis, we analyzed the data on PHQ‐9, stress exposure, and four distinct measures of social support collected from 354 community‐dwelling older adults in South Korea. The results demonstrated that 59% of the variability in depressive symptoms was attributable to differences between individuals. Stress exposure was a strong predictor (γ = 3.01 ∗∗∗, 95% CI = 2.34–3.67). As expected, positive functional social support alleviated the effects of stress on depression (γ = −1.12 ∗∗, 95% CI = −1.92 ~ −0.32) while negative functional social support (γ = 2.36 ∗∗∗, 95% CI = 1.29–3.44) and negative structural social support (γ = 3.22 ∗, 95% CI = 0.79–5.64) worsened the effects of stress on depression. A notable finding is that stress‐amplifying effects from the negative functional and structural social support, in addition to well‐known stress‐buffering effects from positive functional social support, should be regarded as indispensable components in safeguarding the mental health of older adults. Considering the decline in social interactions and the lower probability of older adults establishing new social connections, it is essential to consider approaches that prevent a lack of functional and structural social support and foster a high‐quality of functional and structural social support, particularly for those facing greater stressors, as a preventative method against depressive symptoms.
Modeling and Forecasting the Inflow of the Indus River Based on Multivariate Times Series Models
Authors: Waleeja-Tur-Rabbia  , Hilali Shreefa O. , Aslam Arslan , Alsultan Rehab , Al-Rezami A. Y. , Hussain Ijaz
Published: September 2024

Forecasting the flow of rivers is an essential task in water management resources. However, the flow changes significantly at the seasonal variation of the year, so it is difficult to predict the flow because of its complex nature. The study aims to find a predictive model for forecasting the inflow of the Indus River. Two multivariate models, the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) model and vector error correction model (VECM), are compared to examine whether there is any long‐ or short‐run association between variables. It is observed that the ARDL model shows long‐ and short‐run associations between inflow, outflow, and levels. In contrast, VECM shows only a long‐run association between the variables. It is concluded that the ARDL model performs better in predicting the future inflow of the Indus River than VECM based on the stability test or accuracy of the models.
Qualitative Study on Emotional Experiences and Coping Strategies in Patients With COVID‐19 During the Early Stage of Wuhan Crisis
Authors: Li Junyao , Luo Huirong , Tang Wenli , Qian Hong , Yang Huiping , Luo Qinghua
Published: September 2024

Objective: In the early stage of COVID‐19 pandemic from December 2019 to March 2020, COVID‐19 patients endured huge mental stress combined with constant physiological suffering. We aimed to summarize the emotional experiences of patients with COVID‐19 during the early stages of the Wuhan crisis and present the coping strategies they used during the extreme time.

Methods: We did a qualitative study using an empirical phenomenology approach. COVID‐19 patients with recovery and near discharge were recruited from the Dawu County Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Hubei province using purposive sampling. Semistructured face‐to‐face interviews were conducted by frontline medical staff and recorded by video and audio, then transcribed by two researchers separately. The Haase adapted version of the Colaizzi method was used to analyze the transcriptional data.

Results: We included 18 adult survivors of COVID‐19 (33% female, 67% male) within the age range of 27–83 (mean age 48), and the average duration of isolation was 31.17 days. In conjunction with clinical data, we meticulously delved into the emotional trajectory of each survivor, spanning from the onset of illness through the phases of decline, improvement, and eventual recovery. Three theme categories were obtained from data analysis, including negative emotions and sources, coping strategies, and positive emotions and sources. COVID‐19 patients adopted self‐management strategies and received support from different roles when confronting high level of negative emotions.

Conclusions: Early survivors of COVID‐19 experienced both negative and positive emotional experiences. Anxiety and other negative emotions were originated from both collective and individual concerns. The influence of the emotion sources differed at each stage of the disease. Patients coped with these stressors using external supports and self‐adjustment. Still, comprehensive and targeted psychological services are needed.
Supplementary Table S5 from Durvalumab ± Tremelimumab + Platinum-Etoposide in Extensive-Stage Small Cell Lung Cancer (CASPIAN): Outcomes by PD-L1 Expression and Tissue Tumor Mutational Burden
Authors: Paz-Ares Luis , Garassino Marina Chiara , Chen Yuanbin , Reinmuth Niels , Hotta Katsuyuki , Poltoratskiy Artem , Trukhin Dmytro , Hochmair Maximilian J. , Özgüroğlu Mustafa , Ji Jun Ho , Statsenko Galina , Conev Nikolay , Bondarenko Igor , Havel Libor , Losonczy György , Xie Mingchao , Lai Zhongwu , Godin-Heymann Nadia , Mann Helen , Jiang Haiyi , Shrestha Yashaswi , Goldman Jonathan W.
Published: September 2024

Summary of adverse events of any cause by PD-L1 subgroup (PD-L1 safety population).
Supplementary Table S3 from Durvalumab ± Tremelimumab + Platinum-Etoposide in Extensive-Stage Small Cell Lung Cancer (CASPIAN): Outcomes by PD-L1 Expression and Tissue Tumor Mutational Burden
Authors: Paz-Ares Luis , Garassino Marina Chiara , Chen Yuanbin , Reinmuth Niels , Hotta Katsuyuki , Poltoratskiy Artem , Trukhin Dmytro , Hochmair Maximilian J. , Özgüroğlu Mustafa , Ji Jun Ho , Statsenko Galina , Conev Nikolay , Bondarenko Igor , Havel Libor , Losonczy György , Xie Mingchao , Lai Zhongwu , Godin-Heymann Nadia , Mann Helen , Jiang Haiyi , Shrestha Yashaswi , Goldman Jonathan W.
Published: September 2024

Summary of adverse events of any cause in the PD-L1, tTMB, and overall safety populations.
Supplementary Figure S8 from Durvalumab ± Tremelimumab + Platinum-Etoposide in Extensive-Stage Small Cell Lung Cancer (CASPIAN): Outcomes by PD-L1 Expression and Tissue Tumor Mutational Burden
Authors: Paz-Ares Luis , Garassino Marina Chiara , Chen Yuanbin , Reinmuth Niels , Hotta Katsuyuki , Poltoratskiy Artem , Trukhin Dmytro , Hochmair Maximilian J. , Özgüroğlu Mustafa , Ji Jun Ho , Statsenko Galina , Conev Nikolay , Bondarenko Igor , Havel Libor , Losonczy György , Xie Mingchao , Lai Zhongwu , Godin-Heymann Nadia , Mann Helen , Jiang Haiyi , Shrestha Yashaswi , Goldman Jonathan W.
Published: September 2024

Prevalence of PD-L1 expression on TC and IC in the PD-L1 BEP. *Includes patients whose tumors had <1% PD-L1 expression on TCs or ICs, but not absolute zero.
Supplementary Figure S7 from Durvalumab ± Tremelimumab + Platinum-Etoposide in Extensive-Stage Small Cell Lung Cancer (CASPIAN): Outcomes by PD-L1 Expression and Tissue Tumor Mutational Burden
Authors: Paz-Ares Luis , Garassino Marina Chiara , Chen Yuanbin , Reinmuth Niels , Hotta Katsuyuki , Poltoratskiy Artem , Trukhin Dmytro , Hochmair Maximilian J. , Özgüroğlu Mustafa , Ji Jun Ho , Statsenko Galina , Conev Nikolay , Bondarenko Igor , Havel Libor , Losonczy György , Xie Mingchao , Lai Zhongwu , Godin-Heymann Nadia , Mann Helen , Jiang Haiyi , Shrestha Yashaswi , Goldman Jonathan W.
Published: September 2024

Subgroup analysis of confirmed ORR by tTMB for (A) durvalumab plus tremelimumab plus EP versus EP and (B) durvalumab plus EP versus EP. In each panel, the shaded band shows the confidence interval for the ITT population; circle sizes are proportional to the number of responses.
Supplementary Figure S4 from Durvalumab ± Tremelimumab + Platinum-Etoposide in Extensive-Stage Small Cell Lung Cancer (CASPIAN): Outcomes by PD-L1 Expression and Tissue Tumor Mutational Burden
Authors: Paz-Ares Luis , Garassino Marina Chiara , Chen Yuanbin , Reinmuth Niels , Hotta Katsuyuki , Poltoratskiy Artem , Trukhin Dmytro , Hochmair Maximilian J. , Özgüroğlu Mustafa , Ji Jun Ho , Statsenko Galina , Conev Nikolay , Bondarenko Igor , Havel Libor , Losonczy György , Xie Mingchao , Lai Zhongwu , Godin-Heymann Nadia , Mann Helen , Jiang Haiyi , Shrestha Yashaswi , Goldman Jonathan W.
Published: September 2024

Subgroup analysis of confirmed ORR by PD-L1 TC and IC expression for (A) durvalumab plus tremelimumab plus EP versus EP and (B) durvalumab plus EP versus EP. In each panel, the shaded band shows the confidence interval for the ITT population; circle sizes are proportional to the number of responses. Groups are not plotted when there are ≤5 responses across both arms.
Supplementary Figure S10 from Durvalumab ± Tremelimumab + Platinum-Etoposide in Extensive-Stage Small Cell Lung Cancer (CASPIAN): Outcomes by PD-L1 Expression and Tissue Tumor Mutational Burden
Authors: Paz-Ares Luis , Garassino Marina Chiara , Chen Yuanbin , Reinmuth Niels , Hotta Katsuyuki , Poltoratskiy Artem , Trukhin Dmytro , Hochmair Maximilian J. , Özgüroğlu Mustafa , Ji Jun Ho , Statsenko Galina , Conev Nikolay , Bondarenko Igor , Havel Libor , Losonczy György , Xie Mingchao , Lai Zhongwu , Godin-Heymann Nadia , Mann Helen , Jiang Haiyi , Shrestha Yashaswi , Goldman Jonathan W.
Published: September 2024

Kaplan-Meier analysis of OS for (A) the tTMB <10 mut/Mb subgroup and (B) the tTMB ≥10 mut/Mb subgroup.
Supplementary Figure S1 from Durvalumab ± Tremelimumab + Platinum-Etoposide in Extensive-Stage Small Cell Lung Cancer (CASPIAN): Outcomes by PD-L1 Expression and Tissue Tumor Mutational Burden
Authors: Paz-Ares Luis , Garassino Marina Chiara , Chen Yuanbin , Reinmuth Niels , Hotta Katsuyuki , Poltoratskiy Artem , Trukhin Dmytro , Hochmair Maximilian J. , Özgüroğlu Mustafa , Ji Jun Ho , Statsenko Galina , Conev Nikolay , Bondarenko Igor , Havel Libor , Losonczy György , Xie Mingchao , Lai Zhongwu , Godin-Heymann Nadia , Mann Helen , Jiang Haiyi , Shrestha Yashaswi , Goldman Jonathan W.
Published: September 2024

Sample flow for biomarker analysis.
Data from Durvalumab ± Tremelimumab + Platinum-Etoposide in Extensive-Stage Small Cell Lung Cancer (CASPIAN): Outcomes by PD-L1 Expression and Tissue Tumor Mutational Burden
Authors: Paz-Ares Luis , Garassino Marina Chiara , Chen Yuanbin , Reinmuth Niels , Hotta Katsuyuki , Poltoratskiy Artem , Trukhin Dmytro , Hochmair Maximilian J. , Özgüroğlu Mustafa , Ji Jun Ho , Statsenko Galina , Conev Nikolay , Bondarenko Igor , Havel Libor , Losonczy György , Xie Mingchao , Lai Zhongwu , Godin-Heymann Nadia , Mann Helen , Jiang Haiyi , Shrestha Yashaswi , Goldman Jonathan W.
Published: September 2024

AbstractPurpose:
In the CASPIAN trial, first-line durvalumab plus platinum-etoposide (EP) significantly improved overall survival (OS) versus EP alone in extensive-stage small cell lung cancer (ES-SCLC). We report exploratory analyses of CASPIAN outcomes by programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-L1) expression and tissue tumor mutational burden (tTMB).
Experimental Design:
Patients were randomized (1:1:1) to durvalumab (1,500 mg) plus EP, durvalumab plus tremelimumab (75 mg) plus EP, or EP alone. Treatment effects in PD-L1 and tTMB subgroups were estimated using an unstratified Cox proportional hazards model.
Results:
The PD-L1 and tTMB biomarker-evaluable populations (BEP) comprised 54.4% (438/805) and 35.2% (283/805) of the intention-to-treat population, respectively. PD-L1 prevalence was low: 5.7%, 25.8%, and 28.3% had PD-L1 expression on ≥1% tumor cells (TC), ≥1% immune cells (IC), and ≥1% TCs or ICs, respectively. OS benefit with durvalumab plus EP versus EP was similar across PD-L1 subgroups, with HRs all falling within the 95% confidence interval (CI) for the PD-L1 BEP (0.47‒0.79). OS benefit with durvalumab plus tremelimumab plus EP versus EP was greater in PD-L1 ≥1% versus <1% subgroups, although CIs overlapped. There was no evidence of an interaction between tTMB and treatment effect on OS (durvalumab plus EP vs. EP, P = 0.916; durvalumab plus tremelimumab plus EP vs. EP, P = 0.672).
Conclusions:
OS benefit with first-line durvalumab plus EP in patients with ES-SCLC was observed regardless of PD-L1 or tTMB status. PD-L1 expression may prove to be a useful biomarker for combined treatment with PD-(L)1 and CTLA-4 inhibition, although this requires confirmation with an independent dataset.

See related commentary by Rolfo and Russo, p. 652
Supplementary Table 5 from Engineering Oncogenic Hotspot Mutations on SF3B1 via CRISPR-Directed PRECIS Mutagenesis
Authors: Fernandez Mike M. , Yu Lei , Jia Qiong , Wang Xuesong , Hart Kevyn L. , Jia Zhenyu , Lin Ren-Jang , Wang Lili
Published: September 2024

PCR and genotyping primers
Supplementary Table 4 from Engineering Oncogenic Hotspot Mutations on SF3B1 via CRISPR-Directed PRECIS Mutagenesis
Authors: Fernandez Mike M. , Yu Lei , Jia Qiong , Wang Xuesong , Hart Kevyn L. , Jia Zhenyu , Lin Ren-Jang , Wang Lili
Published: September 2024

RhAMP SNP and sequencing primers
Supplementary Figure 8 from Engineering Oncogenic Hotspot Mutations on SF3B1 via CRISPR-Directed PRECIS Mutagenesis
Authors: Fernandez Mike M. , Yu Lei , Jia Qiong , Wang Xuesong , Hart Kevyn L. , Jia Zhenyu , Lin Ren-Jang , Wang Lili
Published: September 2024

RNAseqCNV analysis uncovers widespread CNV events in SF3B1 mutant cell lines
Supplementary Figure 7 from Engineering Oncogenic Hotspot Mutations on SF3B1 via CRISPR-Directed PRECIS Mutagenesis
Authors: Fernandez Mike M. , Yu Lei , Jia Qiong , Wang Xuesong , Hart Kevyn L. , Jia Zhenyu , Lin Ren-Jang , Wang Lili
Published: September 2024

Aberrant 3’SS splicing profiles of SF3B1-mutated cell lines and primary CLL
Supplementary Figure 3 from Engineering Oncogenic Hotspot Mutations on SF3B1 via CRISPR-Directed PRECIS Mutagenesis
Authors: Fernandez Mike M. , Yu Lei , Jia Qiong , Wang Xuesong , Hart Kevyn L. , Jia Zhenyu , Lin Ren-Jang , Wang Lili
Published: September 2024

Engineering SF3B1 mutation into CLL cell lines necessitates an additional enrichment marker