bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Estimating the Impact of COVID-19 on Different Sectors of the Indian Economy
Authors: Seth Samarpita , Das Samyabrata
Published: September 2022

The entire world economy has been shattered by the COVID-19 pandemic. Its adverse impact on different sectors of the economy has compelled the Governments and policymakers to rethink from scratch and come up with appropriate measures for all stakeholders. The disease has already triggered a worldwide recession. All businesses, irrespective of size, are facing grave challenges. The ILO (International Labour Organization) estimate reveals that a huge number of jobs will be severely impacted across the globe. According to the ILO, the COVID-19 pandemic is the most horrible disaster since the Second World War. The International Monetary Fund (IMF), on the other hand, treats the pandemic as the most terrible economic catastrophe since the Great Depression (1930). The crisis resulted in a demand-supply mismatch because of the dismantling of the nationwide transport system. On the one hand, farmers are unable to take their produce to the market, leading to a huge shortfall in supply and consequent inflation. On the other hand, there is a huge fall in income-generating from non-marketing of products in the agricultural sector and joblessness in the industrial and service sectors also. This fall in income is again creating a fall in demand circularly. In this way, the domestic slowdown coupled with the international recession put India on the back foot. Economic activities have come to a total standstill, which has badly hit the informal sector and casual workers in India. Governments across the world are announcing stimulus packages, and Central Banks are lowering interest rates. The Government of India has also come up with many relief initiatives. Against this backdrop, this exploratory research paper endeavors to analyse the possible effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on various sectors of the Indian economy.
Agrobiological and morfobiochemical aspects of studying plum scion/stock combinations
Authors: Upadysheva G. Yu. , Motyleva S. M. , Panishcheva D. V. , Mertvishcheva M. E.
Published: September 2022

In 2018-2020, the study was carried out in the Leninsky municipality of Moscow region to explore garden plum in terms of its growth, productivity and morphobiochemical processes depending on the stock. Planting was in 5×2.5 m plots. The subjects of the study include trees of 2 plum varieties (Yaichnaya Sinyaya and Utro) with 5 stocks: plum seedling stock (control), Novinka, OP-23-23, OPA-15-2 and 140-1. The trees were 18 years of age. The influence of the stock on the leaf morphology, biochemical indicators, growth and productivity of grafted plum trees was established. An increase in the linear and radial growth of trees in comparison with the control was noted on clonal stocks OPA-15-2 and OP-23-23, a decrease in height by 15-20% – on 140-1 and Novinka stocks. The minimal average length of shoots was identified for trees grafted on the 140-1 and Novinka (9-12 cm) stocks. When grafted on OPA-15-2 and OP-23-23 stocks, the total shoot growth was 1.7 times greater than on the seedling stock. The leaf area ranged from 21.4 (Yaichnaya Sinyaya/seedling stock) to 36.2 m2/tree. (Utro/OPA-15-2). Th e low-growing tree stock 140-1 produced a smaller assimilation apparatus than in the control. The leaf area index ranged from 4.3 to 7.2. The OPA-15-2 and OP-23-23 clonal stocks provided the optimal values of the leaf biometric indicators. The study of leaf microsculpture revealed the morphological differences depending on the stock for total number of stomata and their size. The stomatal index ranged from 1.7 to 2.0. The influence of stock on the content of photosynthetic pigments and their ratio was established by means of spectrophotometry. An increase in the content of the sum of chlorophylls (a + b) to 8.3 mg/ml and their highest ratio was observed in the leaves of the Utro/OPA- 15-2 and Yaichnaya Sinyaya/OP-23-23 combinations. The maximum values of antioxidant activity (over 90%) and content of phenolic compounds in leaves were recorded with OP-23-23 stock. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry revealed quantitative differences in the composition of low-molecular metabolites (glycerol, myo-inositol, fumaric-, quinic- and lactic acids) depending on the stock. The productivity of garden plum varieties was 1.4-1.9 times higher when grafted with OPA-15-2, Novinka and OP-23-23 in comparison with seedling stock. Cultivation of the Yaichnaya Sinyaya variety with these stocks resulted in an increase in yield from 8 to 15 tonnes/ha, and cultivation of the Utro variety – from 12 to 18 tonnes/ha.
A Study to Investigate the Issues Facing Teachers in ECE Assessment
Authors: Akbar Hina , Manzoor Shabana , Fatima Hafiza Gulnaz
Published: September 2022

This research was undertaken to investigate the problems teachers experience in ECE assessment. A qualitative research design with semi-structured interviewing was undertaken. The study's intent was to identify the assessment techniques used by ECE teachers to assess their students' learning during class. All primary level private schools in urban areas of Lahore were considered as the population of the study. Ten ECE teachers were selected by using a purposive sampling technique from the private school sector of Lahore.The data was analyzed through thematic analysis by using open and axial coding techniques. The major findings were that teachers used different assessments such as small class tasks, question answer techniques and observational techniques. The study revealed that the major issues teachers in ECE assessment were facing were students' individual differences, their level of understanding, their family background and lack of resources.
Nasalization in the Urdu Language: Assimilation and Gemination Patterns of Words Having /n/ Phoneme
Authors: Shahid Anam , Bibi Taiyyiba , Iqbal Mubashir
Published: September 2022

This study aims to explore the assimilation and germination phenomenon of words having "/n/". The auto segment-al Theory of (Goldsmith,1976) is used as a theoretical framework. (Alkumet, 2020) have elaboratedâÂÂAuto segment-al theory that phonetics presentation is an aggregation of supra-segment-al parts of speech, which have some initial problem of how the multiple levels of sequences can be related or linked. This research shows that "/n/" in words having "/n/" and "/b/" combination at the word middle level tend to assimilate into "/m/", but the combination remains intact at word initial and final level and germination of "/n/" is speaker-dependent. Celata, Calamai, Ricci, and Bertini (2013) have manifested the role of style and placement of phoneme in a word is crucial for a sound to get assimilated. It has been elucidated that groups of people sharing the same cultural schema and level of education tend to speak differently.
Analysing Household Determinants of Poverty Eradication: A Microdata Analysis
Authors: Mumtaz Jazib , Hussain Sayed Irshad , Keeryo Zulfiqar Ali
Published: September 2022

The current study is an attempt to explore the micro determinants of poverty eradication in Pakistan. The probit model has been used on the data obtained from Pakistan Standard Living Measurement Survey 2019-20. The results indicate that access to drinking water, availability of sanitation and hygiene facilities, holding an agricultural land, having livestock in possession,household size and being a native of the area reduce the predictive probability of being poor. Other variables such as cash transfers, receiving foreign remittances and being self-employed also have a positive impact on poverty eradication. Poverty Trends are analyzed using three cycles of data from 2008-08, 2015-16 and 2019-20, which further reveals an increase in absolute poverty. Government should increase spending on socioeconomic programs with special emphasize on land distribution in rural areas. Social safety nets in the form of cash transfers and foreign remittances would support the vulnerable in the event of external shocks.
Farmers perception on production constraints, trait preference and variety selection of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) in Kenya
Authors: Kosgei Alice
Published: September 2022

Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) production in Kenya is mainly practiced on a small scale and productivity per hectare is lower compared with the world average, despite its promotion in different regions. The chickpea adoption rate is also relatively slow, despite its benefits. This study investigated farmers’ production constraints, preferred traits, and selection criteria for specific varieties to generate information that can assist in the development of new varieties, which can be more readily adopted by farmers. A participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) through Focus Group Discussions (FGD) was conducted in Bomet and Embu counties of Kenya. The direct ranking was used to identify farmers’ constraints to chickpea production, preferred traits, and specific chickpea varieties based on preference. The collected data was analysed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software. Farmers’ responses indicated that the major production constraints were pests and disease infestations, drought, lack of early-maturing varieties, lack of market, and lack of information on chickpea production and utilization. The farmers reported that they preferred ICCV 97105, ICCV 92944, and ICCV 00108 due to high yielding, drought tolerant, early maturing, and pest and disease resistance. Farmers in both counties also had a higher preference for Desi than Kabuli chickpea types because of tolerance to drought and disease resistance and that its testa does not peel off when cooked. This study revealed farmer-preferred traits in varieties they would want to grow. Breeders should aim at developing varieties with multiple traits for increased chickpea adoption and production in Kenya.
Optimization of the natural dyes extraction (Madder and Wallonia oak) and Cotton Dyeing Using Microwave Irradiation
Authors:   Halic University, Istanbul, Turkey, Buyukakinci Banu Yesim , Karadag Recep ,   Department of Fashion and Textile Design, Faculty of Fine Arts, Istanbul Aydin University, Istanbul, Turkey
Published: September 2022

In this work, microwave irradiation was used to extract two dye plants (Quercus ithaburansis Decaisne and Rubia tinctorum L.) and to dye natural cotton. Using microwave (MW) energy, the extraction time for these plants and the dyeing time for organic cotton fabric were optimized. The colouring compounds were analysed in the extractions and dyed fabrics by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic method coupled with a photodiode array detector (RP-HPLC PAD). CIEL*a*b* spectrophotometer measured the colour characteristics of all the dyed fabrics. Scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersion spectroscopy (SEM-EDX) was used to image the dyed organic cotton fabrics. The colouristic and colourfastness properties of the dyed fabrics were investigated. According to the test results, it has been determined that the 5 minutes of extraction and dyeing time using with microwave irradiation method is very eligible. During these processes, energy and timesavings were achieved by eco-friendly MW irradiation and minimized cotton damage.
El papel de los docentes en la formación en investigación de los estudiantes universitarios
Authors: Aldana de Becerra Gloria Marlen
Published: September 2022

Es ampliamente reconocido que la formación en investigación y la producción de conocimiento son elementos distintivos de la educación universitaria, convirtiéndose en objetivos de las instituciones de educación superior (IES), así que, en la mayoría de los sectores académicos, se ha generado conciencia de la importancia del tema; sin embargo, en ocasiones no ha pasado de ser un decálogo de buenas intenciones.
Barriers and Facilitators of Community Integration of People With Spinal Cord Injuries Living in Low and Middle-Income Countries: A Systematic Review
Authors:   Department of Anthropology, Amity University, Noida, India., Mohan Meenakshi , Deb Roumi ,   Department of Anthropology, Amity University, Noida, India.
Published: September 2022

Background and Objectives: Spinal cord injury (SCI) is an irreversible and potentially life-altering event that creates poor economic conditions. The SCI healthcare model has shifted more towards patient-centered care, which focuses on the issues that affect the quality of life and community integration of people with such disabilities. This systematic review was conducted to identify the factors influencing the community integration of SCI individuals in low- and middle-income countries. Methods: Three databases of Scopus, PsycINFO, and PubMed were searched with the keywords of “spinal cord injury”, “tetraplegia”, “paraplegia”, and “challenges” for relevant articles published from 2010 to 2020. Boolean operators “OR” and “AND” were used between the keywords, and cross-linking methods were applied to get better results. The quality assessment of the included studies was analyzed by the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP) and Thomas tool. The extracted data included demographic details, sample size, results, and outcome measures. Results: A total of 26 peer-reviewed studies were included in the review. The evidence extracted was classified into six categories that influence the community participation (either positive or negative) of SCI individuals. Conclusion: The review revealed more barriers in the form of health-related, environmental, psychological, and social issues that hinder the community reintegration of individuals with SCI compared to facilitators such as spirituality, family/friends support, self-efficacy and resilience. Most research studies highlighted specific environmental obstacles in terms of accessibility and affordability. By working on these challenges, the authorities can enhance community integration of the SCI population in low- and middle-income countries.
Prevalence of Delayed Neuropathy and Intermediate Syndrome in Acute Organophosphorus Poisoning: A Cross-sectional Toxicological/Clinical Study
Authors:   Toxicology Research Center, Excellence Center of Clinical Toxicology, Department of Clinical Toxicology, Loghman Hakim Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Rahimi Mitra , Kefayati Rezvan ,   Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran Medical Science., Shadnia Shahin ,   Toxicology Research Center, Excellence Center of Clinical Toxicology, Department of Clinical Toxicology, Loghman Hakim Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Talab Evini Peyman Erfan ,   Toxicology Research Center, Excellence Center of Clinical Toxicology, Department of Clinical Toxicology, Loghman Hakim Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Published: September 2022

Background: Organophosphates are among the most common causes of poisoning worldwide—responsible for 3 million poisoning and 200000 deaths every year. Nearly 15% of people who are poisoned die. This cross-sectional toxicological/clinical study aimed to investigate the prevalence and influential factors in the incidence of delayed peripheral neuropathy and intermediate syndrome in acute poisoning with organophosphorus toxins. The study was conducted in Loghman Hakim Hospital, Tehran City, Iran, from 2017 to 2020. Methods: The study data were obtained from the patients’ records during follow-up. Data included demographic information (age, sex, etc.), vital signs, muscarinic, nicotinic, and neurological symptoms at admission, atropine therapy status, and pralidoxime intake status. Post-discharge complications were obtained, and patients’ Electromyography (EMG) and Nerve Conduction Velocity (NCV) results were recorded and evaluated during hospitalization and follow-up. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software, version 22. Results: Of 63 studied patients, 61.9% were female. The Mean±SD age of the patients was 31.90±13.128 years. Male patients were significantly (P<0.010) older than female ones. The most common muscarinic symptoms were nausea and vomiting (73.2%), diarrhea (34.92%), and abdominal pain (33.33%). Regarding the nicotinic symptoms, sweating (30.16%) and fasciculation (19.05%) were the commonest. Neurological complications were less common; seizures were observed in 3 cases (4.76%) and coma in 2 cases (3.17%). Most patients (79.4%) received pralidoxime with atropine. The Mean±SD days of treatment with atropine and pralidoxime were 5.51±3.52 and 4.06±4.62 days, respectively. Only one death was recorded. The results of the initial EMG-NCV test on the second day of hospitalization showed abnormalities in 4 patients (6.3%), indicating the presence of the intermediate syndrome. Conclusion: The results of the EMG-NCV tests at our patients’ follow-up (30 days) showed no abnormalities. Hence no cases of delayed neuropathy were seen. During hospitalization, one patient had flaccid paralysis and showed significant impairment on the EMG-NCV test (P<0.01).
Evaluating Post-discharge Thromboembolic Events in Patients With COVID-19
Authors:   Loghman Hakim Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran., Taherkhani Maryam , Yeganegi Houra ,   Clinical Research Development Center, Loghman Hakim Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Taherkhani Adine ,   Loghman Hakim Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran., Hamneshin Behbahani Reza ,   School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Soltani Samani Pegah ,   Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Taheri Karimi Kimia ,   Loghman Hakim Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran.
Published: September 2022

Background: COVID-19 is associated with a high rate of thromboembolic events in hospitalized patients, but it is unclear whether this risk remains high after discharge. This study aimed to evaluate the association of underlying factors with post-discharge thrombolytic events in COVID-19 patients and the association of thrombolytic events with subsequent mortality and ischemic heart disease. Methods: In this study, eligible patients with COVID-19 who were admitted to the respiratory ward of Loghman Hakim Hospital, Tehran, Iran, followed up for about 3 months after discharge to record any thromboembolic events. Patients who reported postdischarge thromboembolic events were confirmed based on their diagnostic tests. The Chi-square test was used to evaluate the association between thromboembolic events and qualitative parameters, and an independent t-test was used to evaluate their association with quantitative parameters. Logistic regression analysis was performed to assess the association between independent variables and the composite outcome. Results: Thromboembolic events were diagnosed in 35 patients (5.04%), including Myocardial Infarction (MI) in 17 patients (2.44%), venous thromboembolism in 10 patients (1.44%), and ischemic stroke in 8 patients (1.15%). None of the 26 patients who received thromboprophylaxis had thromboembolic events. During follow-up, 22 patients (3.17%) died, of whom, 10 patients (43.47%) had thromboembolic events. Thromboembolic events were not associated with sedentary life and oxygen (O2) dependency after discharge (P value of 0.40 and 0.098, respectively). Regression analyses showed that thromboembolic events were significantly associated with ischemic heart disease and mortality (P=0.007 and P<0.001, respectively). Conclusion: Our findings support a high rate of post-hospitalization thromboembolic events in COVID-19 patients; however, it needs more large-scale trials.
Using microsimulation to evaluate safety and operational implications of newer roundabout layouts for European road networks
Authors: Giuffrè Tullio , Trubia Salvatore , Canale Antonino , Persaud Bhagwant
Published: September 2022

“Standard” roundabouts, for example those designed in some European countries, can often be characterized by low levels of safety or capacity and a high degree of sustainability. Given the proliferation of newer layouts, it is of interest to explore whether design practices could be improved by capitalizing on the experience gained internationally. Operational aspects of some of these designs have been explored previously, but there is a need to compare both the operational and safety performance of new designs to that of standard roundabouts. The objective of this paper is to evaluate the safety and operational implications of various potential alternatives to the standard roundabouts that proliferate in Europe and elsewhere. Microsimulation is used to simulate traffic operations at roundabout layout alternatives at the same levels of volume to capacity (V/C) ratio and also with the same traffic flow. Operational performance measures include the common level of service parameters, while measures of safety are based initially on time to collision (TTC) values. Threshold values of TTC were then applied in defining conflicts that are used for crash-based safety evaluation by applying crash-conflict models estimated in published research. Interesting insights were revealed, suggesting that the newer layouts should be considered where warranted by cost-benefit considerations.

Keywords: road safety; traffic simulation; roundabout design; sustainable-transport indicators
Primary Habitus in Children in Conflict with the Law
Authors: Sartika Diana Dewi , Soraida Safira , Isyanawulan Gita , Arianti Yosi
Published: September 2022

Children are assumed to be innocent entities and have not much experience. However, the emergence of the phenomenon of children as perpetrators of crimes (children in conflict with the law/CICL) is contradictory to this assumption. This study explores and examines one aspect of the life of the child perpetrator of this crime, namely the family aspect as the primary habitus. This study used qualitative research methods by interviewing CICL at the Palembang Special Children’s Correctional Institution and Correctional Institution of Kayuagung, Ogan Komering Ilir Regency, as well as several related figures. Data were collected by observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation. Meanwhile, data analysis is built from the ground up, linearly and hierarchically. In line with the focus of the study, the concept used in this study is the primary habitus, which is part of the habitus concept of Bourdieu. The primary habitus is the habitus that the agent has since childhood, which is the basis for forming other (secondary) habitus. The research results related to primary habitus in CICL show that the family is not present as a whole in the process of CICL growth and development and the application of ineffective parenting. Complete absence of the family, shown to the family by the presence of, 1). CICL with separated parents, 2). CICL with one or both parents died, 3). CICL has an intact family but is not fully present in the child’s growth and development process. Meanwhile, poor parenting is shown through 1). Parenting with violence, 2). CICL’s parents and close people have not become positive role models, and 3). Parents do not/less comprehensively provide knowledge and understanding regarding good and bad deeds. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the family institution as a primary institution and an institution of value inheritance through socialization and education between generations. The family can be the main basis for passing down the values ??of anti-violence and crime in supporting efforts to minimize crime habitus.
PENGARUH AUDIT DELAY TERHADAP KUALITAS AUDIT DENGAN UKURAN PERUSAHAAN SEBAGAI VARIABEL MODERASI PADA PERUSAHAAN TRANSPORTASI YANG LISTING DI BURSA EFEK INDONESIA
Authors: Sari Devika Miranda
Published: September 2022

This study analyzes the influence of Audit Delay on audit quality with company size as moderating. This research was conducted at a Transportation company listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) in 2014-2017. The data source used in this study is secondary data. The research population is 28 companies by analyzing financial statements from 2014-2017 which are accessed by the BEI official website, www.idx.co.id. The sampling technique used was Purposive sampling technique with a sample of 112 companies. The data analysis tool uses Multiple Linear Regression. The research findings reveal that the audit delay variable is not affected by the audit quality variable, therefore the less likely the Audit Delay is, the better the audit quality. Research also shows that the size of the company has a partial effect on audit quality, the greater the size of the company, the better the level of audit quality. This study found that firm size does not moderate the relationship between audit delay variables and audit quality variables, but the size of the company influences audit quality, the size of the company in this study acts as an independent variable.
PENGARUH PROFITABILITAS, STRUKTUR KEPEMILIKAN DAN REPUTASI KAP TERHADAP NILAI PERUSAHAAN (Studi Kasus Perusahaan Kimia di Bursa Efek Indonesia Tahun 2013 – 2017)
Authors: Zaini Akhmad , Chomsatu Yuli , Suhendro Suhendro
Published: September 2022

This study aims to analyze the effect of profitability on firm value, analyze the influence of inside ownership on firm value, analyze the influence of institutional holdings on firm value, and analyze the influence of KAP reputation on firm value in chemical companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2013-2017. This research is quantitative research. Where the data obtained is in the form of numbers which are then processed and analyzed to get an overview and relationship between the variables used. Data analysis used in this study is multiple linear regression analysis using SPSS as a tool. The results of this study indicate that there is a positive and significant effect on profitability on firm value, there is a positive and significant influence on the ownership of firm value, there is a positive and significant influence of institutional holdings on firm value, and there is a positive and significant influence on the firm's KAP reputation.
PENGARUH LEVERAGE, PROFITABILITAS, UKURAN PERUSAHAAN, DAN CAPITAL INTENSITY TERHADAP PENGHINDARAN PAJAK PADA PERUSAHAAN BARANG INDUSTRI KONSUMSI YANG TERDAFTAR DI BEI TAHUN 2014 – 2018
Authors: Dayanara Larosa , Titisari Kartika Hendra , Wijayanti Anita
Published: September 2022

This Research aims to test the leverage, profitability, size of the company and capital intensity against tax avoidance. On the research of these independent variables using Leverage, profitability of the company's size and capital intensity while the variable dependennya is tax avoidance. The population in this research is the company's industrial goods and consumption listed in Indonesia stock exchange period in 2014 - 2018 the company, using the method of purposive sampling yielded 13 companies that meet the criteria. This research uses linear regression analysis double. Results on the research indicates that the profitability of the company and the size effect on tax evasion while the variable doesn't effect on tax evasion. Based on the test results the coefficient of determination (R2) of earned 32.8% of tax avoidance variable can be explained by the variable leverage, profitability, size of the company and capital intensity, while the rest were 67.2% in the other factors explain by factors outside of the variables in the study.
Costos de innovación tecnológica en las cooperativas de ahorro y crédito, segmento 1, cantón Píllaro, periodo 2020
Authors: Naranjo Quicaliquin Piedad Narciza , Arias González Iván Patricio
Published: September 2022

Introducción: En el presente artículo se analizaron los costos que generan al momento en que se realizan las innovaciones tecnológicas en los servicios financieros, mismos servicios que son ofertados por las cooperativas de ahorro y crédito del segmento 1 en el Cantón Píllaro, todos los datos analizados son pertenecientes al periodo 2020. Objetivos: Determinar los costos de la innovación tecnológica para la prestación de servicios financieros de las Cooperativas de Ahorro y Crédito del segmento 1 del Cantón Píllaro durante el período 2020. Metodología: El método de investigación que se implementó, fue el método deductivo, ya que se empleó un análisis  macro e individual de las variables, se analizó bibliografías relacionadas con el tema y archivos existentes para la comprobación de la relación de variables, con un tipo de investigación documental y descriptiva se conformó los resultados interpretados y recolectados por medio de una entrevista con 384 criterios, se tabuló y se obtuvo la interpretación de resultados, así como su respectivo análisis, por medio de la utilización de métodos estadísticos se clasificaron los resultados y transformaron en figuras estadísticas para su mejor comprensión. La población de estudio fueron las Cooperativas del segmento uno y los boletines financieros. Resultados: las Cooperativas de Ahorro y Crédito del segmento uno del cantón Píllaro, han seguido invirtiendo   estos últimos años para obtener modelos y actualizaciones con tecnología moderna en los servicios financieros digitales, es así que se pudo determinar los costos por innovación tecnológica en los servicios financieros digitales, la cooperativa Mushuc Runa realizo mayor inversión con un valor de $ 467.558,36, seguida de la cooperativa San Francisco con un gasto de $ 318.871,93, luego la cooperativa Oscus gasta $295.610, 57, a continuación, la cooperativa Kullki Wasi $ 213.145,11, finalmente está la cooperativa Cámara de Comercio $ 146.581,01. Conclusiones: Así también pude concluir que tan solo el 85% de las cooperativas ofrecen los mismos servicios financieros digitales como Páginas web, Banca virtual, App móvil y cajeros automáticos BanRed.
Propagación de árboles de Bursera graveolens (Kunt) Triana & Planch, por estacas
Authors: Ramos Veintimilla Raúl Armando , Yagual González Ana Alexandra , Carpio Coba Carlos Francisco , Ramos Veintimilla Mario Rolando
Published: September 2022

Introducción. Bursera graveolens (Kunt) Triana & Planch, especie forestal nativa de bosques secos del Ecuador, mantiene un equilibrio en ecosistemas xerofíticos frágiles lo que incide en proteger esta especie en su desarrollo vegetativo, el problema radica en su propagación sexual debido a que presenta un porcentaje bajo de germinación de las semillas, y a su vez la limitada información generada sobre propagación asexual. Objetivo. Determinar el tratamiento con el que obtienen mejores comportamientos las variables de crecimiento inicial de B. graveolens. Metodología. El presente trabajo de investigación se desarrolló en vivero, donde se aplicó un Diseño de Bloques Completamente Aleatorizados con dos factores: i) tipo de sustrato (A1: tierra negra + tamo de arroz + arena de río, A2: tierra negra + estiércol de ganado vacuno y A3: tierra negra + arena de río) y ii) Concentraciones de Auxinas (AIB) (B1: 6.000 ppm, B2: 8.000 ppm, B3: 10.000 ppm y B4: agua destilada); generando 12 tratamientos, con 10 observaciones cada uno. Se realizó análisis paramétrico para las variables que cumplían los supuestos de normalidad y homocedasticidad y análisis no paramétrico a las variables que no cumplen. Las variables evaluadas fueron: prendimiento, número, altura y diámetro de brotes. Resultados. No se evidenció interacciones entre el tipo de sustrato y las concentraciones de auxina, sí un efecto de sustratos. El prendimiento promedio de estacas de B. graveolens fue de 36,9%, mostrando el mayor porcentaje (51,88 %) el sustrato A3, la longitud de brotes a los 45 días fue de 2,04 cm. Conclusiones. No existió un efecto en la interacción sustrato con auxina (AIB) en las variables estudiadas, se observó un efecto del factor tipo de sustrato, donde el sustrato A3 experimentó un mayor porcentaje en prendimiento y longitud de brotes.
Evaluación de la densidad y manejo forestal del piptocoma discolor (Pigüe) y otras especies en la provincia de Pastaza – Ecuador
Authors: Casco G Erika Clara , González Juan Elías , Ledesma Rubén Darío , Espinoza Billy Coronel , Guerrero Naranjo Luis Enrique , Cuichan P. Santiago Homero
Published: September 2022

Introducción: la política mundial y nacional considera la clave de la conservación de especies, para las sinergias de los ecosistemas naturales, con la importancia de mantener el equilibrio frente a las actividades del hombre como los recursos sostenibles y sustentable del ecosistema. Objetivo: evaluar la densidad y el manejo forestal del manejo de las especies del piptocoma discolor (Pigüe) y otras especies en la provincia de Pastaza – Ecuador. Metodología:  el estudio se llevó a cabo en los cantones: Pastaza, Mera, Santa Clara y Arajuno de la Provincia de Pastaza. Considerando las condiciones de altitud de cada cantón, mediante la aplicación de un muestreo al azar en 48 propiedades de un área de 10.400 m2 del bosque secundario se logrando un análisis estadístico como Resultados: las relaciones entre las categorías del fuste con 54,94 %, con un coeficiente de variabilidad de 7,13 %, con probabilidad del 0,01 %, una confiabilidad del 99% y con una prueba de Tukey al 0,01 %. Se determinó el potencial actual de las siguientes especies: Piptocoma discolor, Cecropia peltata L., Inga edulis Mart, Jacaranda mimosifolia D. Don., Miconia Ruiz & Pav., Myrica pubescens Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd., Piptocoma Cass, Ocotea Aubl., Vismia baccifera L. Triana & Planch., Joosia umbellifera H. Karst. Conclusiones: según la evaluación el 70% del bosque no cuenta con un manejo forestal, y en el 30% se evidencia aclareos de manera rudimentaria, debido a la ausencia de manejo técnico forestal existe el desequilibrio de la biodiversidad en la Amazonía del Ecuador.
Photocrosslinking Property of Certain Synthesized Bis(arylidene)cycloalkanone based Random Copolyesters with Computational Support and their Anticancer Study
Authors: Kiruba B. , Chidambaravinayagam S.
Published: September 2022

The synthesis of random copolyesters involves polycondensation of arylidene diol with curcumin and glutaryl chloride in 1:1:2 ratio. For this monomers, 2,6-bis-(4-hydroxy benzylidene) cyclohexanone, 2,6-bis-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene)cyclohexanone, 2,5-bis-(4-hydroxybenzylidene)cyclopentanone and 2,5-bis-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy benzylidene)cyclopentanone were synthesized using acid catalyzed Claisen-Schmidt reaction. Qualitative solubility tests reveal that prepared copolyesters dissolve well in polar solvents. The successful formation of copolyesters was confirmed by Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy and proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic techniques.  Glass transition temperature of prepared polymers was calculated using differential scanning calorimetric analysis. Further, the prepared copolyesters were utilized as in vitro anticancer agents against breast cancer MCF7 cells. The experimental results of phototcrosslinking property of the copolyesters was compared with that of computational method by DFT calculations which shows coincidence of both.
Gravitoelectromagnetism and Gravitomagnetic Clock Effect
Authors: Chakravorti B. K. , Faruque S. B.
Published: September 2022

We present a new and elegant method of derivation of the gravitomagnetic clock effect using gravitational Lorentz force, which appears in gravitoelectromagnetism. The result is precisely the same as that of general relativity in the Kerr field.
Polymer-Based Nanocomposite Coating Methods: A Review
Authors: Mathai S. , S. Shaji P.
Published: September 2022

Coating technology is widely recognized as the most cost-effective and efficient method of preventing metal corrosion. Polymers have been regarded as a powerful coating material owing to their excellent barrier qualities, simplicity of modification, and large-scale production. Nanomaterials differ significantly from their physical and chemical properties, and have been hailed as highly promising functional materials in a wide range of applications, affecting nearly every aspect of science and technology. The addition of organic or inorganic nanofiller particles to polymer nanocomposite coatings may improve corrosion protection and lower the possibility of blistering or delamination. High hardness for polymer coatings, on the other hand, could be achieved by forming hard nanocrystalline phases inside the matrix. This article provides an overview of recent developments in polymer nanocomposite coatings in terms of their history, coating methods, properties, features, and drawbacks.
Mecanismo de intervención de Alianza Pacífico para promover la libre competencia en el mercado de telefonía móvil
Authors:   Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia UCC, Lozada-Ballesteros Yeny Carolina , Rueda-Galvis Javier Francisco ,   Universidad de Investigación y Desarrollo, Rodríguez-Meléndez Sandra Helena ,   Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia UCC
Published: September 2022

El presente artículo expone como objetivo la formulación de mecanismos que promuevan la libre competencia en el mercado de telefonía móvil en los países miembros de Alianza Pacífico (México, Colombia, Chile y Perú), todo ello con base en los principios de la gobernanza regional a partir de criterios de orden jurídico político en pro de generar mayores grados de integración socioeconómica y transparencia comercial. El desarrollo de la investigación fue de carácter exploratorio con razonamiento hermenéutico dentro del esquema de la revisión documental, analizando los principales conceptos y beneficios que representa la adopción de mejores condiciones de libre competencia y gobernanza regional. Los principales resultados expresan una propuesta enfocada en la consolidación de una comisión interparlamentaria de seguimiento comercial que de mayor reconocimiento a los acuerdos de integración de las cumbres presidenciales, mediante estudios sectoriales y protocolos de participación democrática que beneficien a todos los actores del mercado de telefonía celular
Conundrum of Cavum Septum Pellucidum in Expert Witness Testimony, Police Evidence And Neurobehavioural Consequence: Affecting Legal Practice And Criminal Justice?
Authors: Thompson Simon B N
Published: September 2022

Cavum septum pellucidum (CSP) is a rare condition when the septum pellucidum remains open to the inner ventricles within the brain. In many cases, CSP and the associated anatomical structure cavum vergae is thought to lead to anti-social and psychotic behaviour which poses a problem to those working in legal services. Controversy surrounds the possibility of congenital versus acquired conditions when CSP is found in those with repeated traumatic brain injuries such as professional athletes, American pro-footballers and professional and amateur boxers. Collecting police evidence and presenting expert testimony in the Courts is problematical when there is confusion over the acquisition of CSP. Treatment is compounded by differing presentations often involving psychosis which makes it a challenge to correctly place individuals within health service provision and penal institutions as well as offering appropriate treatment and criminal justice.
Geographies of Silence: The ‘Missing Chain’ in the Writing of Palestine’s Historical Geography
Authors: Falah Ghazi-Walid
Published: September 2022

This paper provides a critical reading of (1) the ways in which Palestine’s cultural landscape and the indigenous people of Palestine have been represented in the eyes of Western and specifically European travelers and explorers in the 19th century; (2) how various such representations subsequently ‘filtered’ into Israeli geographical texts and writing, and were utilised by Israeli writers and others to (re) write a so-called ‘modern’, but distorted and incomplete historical geography of Palestine. The net result is that much of Palestine’s Arab landscape has been ‘de-historicised’, or as Keith Whitelam (1998 : 11) phrased it, has been ‘silenced’.
Social tipping points and adaptation limits in the context of systemic risk: Concepts, models and governance
Authors: Juhola Sirkku , Filatova Tatiana , Hochrainer-Stigler Stefan , Mechler Reinhard , Scheffran Jürgen , Schweizer Pia-Johanna
Published: September 2022

Physical tipping points have gained a lot of attention in global and climate change research to understand the conditions for system transitions when it comes to the atmosphere and the biosphere. Social tipping points have been framed as mechanisms in socio-environmental systems, where a small change in the underlying elements or behavior of actors triggers a large non-linear response in the social system. With climate change becoming more acute, it is important to know whether and how societies can adapt. While social tipping points related to climate change have been associated with positive or negative outcomes, overstepping adaptation limits has been linked to adverse outcomes where actors' values and objectives are strongly compromised. Currently, the evidence base is limited, and most of the discussion on social tipping points in climate change adaptation and risk research is conceptual or anecdotal. This paper brings together three strands of literature - social tipping points, climate adaptation limits and systemic risks, which so far have been separate. Furthermore, we discuss methods and models used to illustrate the dynamics of social and adaptation tipping points in the context of cascading risks at different scales beyond adaptation limits. We end with suggesting that further evidence is needed to identify tipping points in social systems, which is crucial for developing appropriate governance approaches.
Magnetic resonance analysis of deep cerebral venous vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage in rabbits
Authors: Zhang Zixuan , Fang Qiong , Zhang Yu , Zhu Youzhi , Zhang Wei , Zhu Youyou , Deng Xuefei
Published: September 2022

Objective

Arterial spasm is proved to be an inducer of cerebral ischemia and cerebral infarction, while when a venous spasm occurs, cerebral edema is seen to be caused by a disturbance in cerebral blood flow. However, it is unclear and unproven whether venous spasm occurs after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). To provide the theoretical basis for treating cerebral vasospasm after SAH, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was employed to observe the changes in the diameter of deep cerebral veins in rabbits after SAH.

Methods

Fourteen New Zealand rabbits were randomly divided into the SAH group (n = 10) and the normal saline group (NS group, n = 4). Specifically, the SAH models were established by the ultrasound-guided double injections of blood into cisterna magna. Moreover, the MRI was performed to observe the changes in the diameter of deep cerebral veins (internal cerebral vein, basilar vein, and great cerebral vein) and basilar artery before modeling (0 d) and 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, and 11 d after modeling.

Results

In the SAH group, the diameter of the basilar artery showed no evident change on the 1st d. However, it became narrower obviously on the 3rd d and 5th d, and the stenosis degree was more than 30%. The diameter gradually relieved from 7th to 9th d, and finally returned to normal on the 11th d. Moreover, the diameter of the internal cerebral vein significantly narrowed on the 1st d, the stenosis degree of which was 19%; the stenosis then relieved slightly on the 3rd d (13%), reached the peak (34%) on the 5th d, and gradually relieved from 7th d to 11th d. Moreover, the stenosis degree of the basilar vein was 18% on the 1st d, 24% on the 3rd d, and reached the peak (34%) on the 5th d.

Conclusion

After SAH in rabbits, the cerebral vasospasm was seen to occur in the basilar artery, and likewise, spasmodic changes took place in the deep cerebral vein. Furthermore, the time regularity of spasmodic changes between the cerebral vein and basilar artery was of significant difference, indicating that the venous vasospasm resulted in active contraction.
Both epicardial and peri-aortic adipose tissue blunt heart rate recovery beyond body fat mass
Authors: Chang Sheng-Hsiung , Chu Po-Hua , Tsai Cheng-Ting , Kuo Jen-Yuan , Tsai Jui-Peng , Hung Ta-Chuan , Hou Charles Jia-Yin , Lai Yau-Hui , Liu Chia-Yuan , Huang Wei-Ming , Yun Chun-Ho , Yeh Hung-I , Hung Chung-Lieh
Published: September 2022

Background

Epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) as a marker of metabolic disorders has been shown to be closely associated with a variety of unfavorable cardiovascular events and cardiac arrhythmias. Data on regional-specific visceral adiposity outside the heart and its modulation on autonomic dysfunction, particularly heart rate recovery after exercise, remain obscure.

Methods

We studied 156 consecutive subjects (mean age: 49.3 ± 8.0 years) who underwent annual health surveys and completed treadmill tests. Multi-detector computed tomography-based visceral adiposity, including EAT and peri-aortic fat (PAF) tissue, was quantified using dedicated software (Aquarius 3D Workstation, TeraRecon, San Mateo, CA, USA). We further correlated EAT and PAF with blood pressure and heart rate (HR) recovery information from an exercise treadmill test. Metabolic abnormalities were scored by anthropometrics in combination with biochemical data.

Results

Increased EAT and PAF were both associated with a smaller reduction in systolic blood pressure during the hyperventilation stage before exercise compared to supine status (β-coefficient (coef.): −0.19 and −0.23, respectively, both p < 0.05). Both visceral adipose tissue mediated an inverted relationship with heart rate recovery at 3 (EAT: β-coef.: −0.3; PAF: β-coef.: −0.36) and 6 min (EAT: β-coef.: −0.32; PAF: β-coef.: −0.34) after peak exercise, even after adjusting for baseline clinical variables and body fat composition (all p < 0.05).

Conclusion

Excessive visceral adiposity, whether proximal or distal to the heart, may modulate the autonomic response by lowering the rate of HR recovery from exercise after accounting for clinical metabolic index. Cardiac autonomic dysfunction may partly explain the increase in cardiovascular morbidity and mortality related to both visceral fats.
Temperature damage regularity of granite based on micro-inhomogeneity
Authors: Du Guangsheng , Chen Shijiang , Chen Xiaoyi , Jiang Zheng
Published: September 2022

Enhanced geothermal system (EGS) is the primary means during Dry Hot Rock development. It is necessary to build an underground heat exchange area during its construction, and the temperature of underground rock will change significantly, thus, the mechanical properties of those rocks underground will be affected. In order to judge whether the mechanical properties under temperature are related to the crystal structure of granite, we firstly used the crystalline rock heterogeneity coefficient H to describe the crystal structure of granite. Then, the discrete element software was used to construct the GBM equivalent crystalline model and the thermal temperature field coupling model. Finally, the temperature effect test was carried out to explore the law of heterogeneity coefficient H and damage and fracture development. The results show that: 1) the variation of granite heterogeneity coefficient H and temperature will lead to the decline of mechanical properties of rock samples. 2) At the same temperature, the damage value D increases with the increase of the H value. This phenomenon is more apparent when the temperature is greater than 400°C. 3) The microcracks caused by temperature change are mainly tensile. The H value increases the number of microcracks in the crystal. 4) The damage phenomenon caused by temperature change will be affected by heterogeneity. When the temperature is high, the crystal will denature, and the stress concentration caused by heterogeneity is easier to be reflected.