bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pediatric Anti-NMDA-R Encephalitis: Presentation, Diagnosis, and Management
Authors: Gerstle Karyn , Hur Moon Hee , Moussa Taha
Published: October 2019

Immune- mediated encephalitis is the most common cause of encephalitis after infection in children and adults. Although this disease process was identified nearly 20 years ago, the variety of clinical presentations and the lack of specific diagnostic criteria can make the identification of anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDA-R) encephalitis challenging. Moreover, identifying NMDA-R antibodies in blood or cerebrospinal fluid can take days to weeks, and thus clinicians need to have a high index of suspicion to investigate for this disease in patients who may appear to have an overlap of neurologic and psychiatric symptomatology. In this article, the authors describe three illustrative cases of anti-NMDA-R encephalitis in children age 3 to 16 years. The discussion reviews our current understanding of the clinical presentation, diagnostic criteria, and inpatient therapeutic management of anti-NMDA-R encephalitis, as well as illuminates the unique and often perplexing presentations of this disease process versus other organic and psychiatric causes of altered mental status.

[
Pediatr Ann.
2019;48(10):e387–e390.]
Participatory Management of Tropical Dry Forests in Benin
Authors: Sannou Ramoudane Orou , Bako Idrissou , Moumouni Ismaïl , Baco Mohamed Nasser , Olagoke Adewole
Published: October 2019

This chapter encompasses a literature survey and strategic analysis to understand the elaboration and implementation of Participatory Forest Management (PFM) in Benin, with a focus on the case of the “Forêt des Trois Rivières”. By analyzing the historical background of forest management systems in Benin, we highlighted two major turning points. The first relates to the creation and autocratic management of protected forests, which took place from 1940 to 1990. The second change took place after the Rio conference in 1992, and this emphasized the importance of local communities in natural resources management. Moreover, the results of our strategic analysis of stakeholders involved in the specific case of Participatory Forest Management Plan (PFMP) of the “Forêt des Trois Rivières” showed that it is important to emphasize on active community participation while designing a participatory management plan and for decision making at the implementation stage. We also observed that alliances between foresters and timber loggers are likely to hinder the achievement of the PFM objectives.
Scenarios of the Tropical Dry Forest of Purulia District West Bengal
Authors: Begum Masuma , Pramanick Niloy , Mukhopadhyay Anirban , Majumdar Sayani Datta
Published: October 2019

In this chapter, satellite images of the years 1995, 2005, and 2015 of LANDSAT have been used. After pre-processing (geometric correction and atmospheric correction using FLAASH, LULC change dynamics have been assessed to estimate the changes in total forest cover in Purulia district through an unsupervised K-means classification scheme. To evaluate the health status, vegetation indices, namely NDVI, SAVI, and CVI, have been used. The increase in NDVI, SAVI, and CVI values was inferred as no significant degradation of Purulia forest cover. Moreover, future scenarios have been predicted by implementing a CA-MARKOV model. Using the land cover map of 1995 as the base map, and from 1995 to 2005 as training data, a land cover map of 2015 has been generated which in turn validated by the actual land cover of 2015. After validation, prediction of land cover was possible for the years 2035 and 2050. The prediction suggested that forest area will increase by approximately 4% from 2015 to 2035 and by 3% from 2035 to 2050.
Role of Institutional Governance in Protecting the Natural Environment
Authors: Yadav K. K. , Dhanwantri Kumud
Published: October 2019

In the present age of industrialization and unregulated urbanization, the Aravali ranges in India are facing deforestation and degradation. The major reasons behind this are the needs of the poor, and greed of the rich. Therefore, part of the Aravalli Ranges falling in different sub-regions of the National Capital Region, has been taken as case study. The chapter intends to provide an insight into the scenario of forests and wildlife in the sub-regions; the challenges, responses, and immediate initiatives taken up by the constituent state governments. It also discusses ways forward to engage the governments and local communities in the protection of forests and wildlife. The conclusion strives to provide probable strategies that can be adopted to transform the transitions of Aravalli into a positive one and ways for engaging government machinery for better governance to escape the grim future we foresee.
MICROWAVE TREATMENT OF MATERIALS IN LOW PRESSURE
Authors: Ryszard Parosa , Brożyński Andrzej , Grześkowiak Piotr , Kowalczyk Krzysztof , Natoński Marek , Ziętek Piotr , Żytkiewicz Janusz
Published: October 2019

Ryszard Parosa, Andrzej Brożyński, Piotr Grześkowiak, Krzysztof Kowalczyk, Marek Natoński, Piotr Ziętek and Janusz Żytkiewicz PROMIS-TECH Poland Keywords: microwave treatment, low pressure heating, microwave drying Uniquely favourable characteristics of biological product can be obtained through the use of the microwave method in vacuum heating process. Microwave-vacuum drying is superior to other methods in terms of dried products' structure, flavour, colour and biological active compounds contents. But applications of such a methods seems to be much wider: drying of fruits and vegetables for consumption, drying of herbs for extraction of valuable biological compounds, for modification of seed structure (sunflowers seeds, pumpkin seeds), for pasteurisation etc. A universal system was designed for testing such processes in laboratory scale and several industrial scale system have been developed. Process of thermal treatment can be carried out with plastic drum installed inside of multi-mode microwave cavity and cavity which is connected by microwave line with reflectometer and circulator - to microwave generator. In laboratory unit generator 2.45 GHz with controlled power (from 50W to 800W) was applied. System was equipped with vacuum pump with pressure control and is controlled by computer. Most important technical parameters, like: microwave power, time of treatment, pressure inside of drum, temperature of steam – are controlled and  recorded. Laboratory scale unit is shown below.     Basing on laboratory scale test several technologies in industrial scale was developed. Industrial scale unit equipped with 8 generators of 3 kW (2.45 GHz) was constructed and for last 8 years has been successfully used for “production” of crispy chips which are now popular in Polish marked. Exemplary industrial scale installation is shown in photo below.  Multi – drum microwave drier.   Two cavity microwave  industrial drier    Another system for modification od seed is now constructed – ordered by big industrial producer of batons and sweet snacks. Process will be carried our inside of dielectric drum in low pressure and reactor will be equipped with 8 generators of 3 kW (2.45 GHz). Treatment time will be reduced to 3-4 minutes and next material (seeds) will be cooled down. Last project which now realized is connected with drying of wood flour applied in composite material production. System will work continuously with two airlocks and with  dielectric drum and will be connected with 4 microwave generators (3 kW, 2.45 GHz). In next step planed installation will be equipped with microwave high power generator ca. 60 kW with frequency 915 MHz.
H2-reduction Behavior of FeS-CaO Mixture during Microwave Heating
Authors: Amini Ahmadreza , Ohno Ko-ichiro , Maeda Takayuki , Kunitomo Kazuya , Kashimura Keiichiro
Published: October 2019

Microwave irradiation is an energy-efficient and a rapid-heating method to decrease the activation energy of chemical reactions via both thermal and non-thermal effects of microwave photons 1). Recently, hydrogen-reduction during microwave heating has been proposed for magnetite reduction to combine the advantages of microwave irradiation and using H2 as a reducing agent during iron production 2). In the present study, as a novel idea, the traditional microwave heating system was equipped with thermobalance to investigate the kinetics of H2-reduction of FeS-CaO mixture (FeS(s) + CaO(s) + H2(g) = Fe(s) + CaS(s) + H2O(g)) under microwave heating at 2.45 GHz to further mitigate CO2 emission and prevent SO2 release during iron production from a sulfide mineral. Microscope observations revealed that the un-reacted core model can be employed for such a kinetic study. Linearity (R2) of different rate-controlling mechanisms after a 10-minute reduction reaction demonstrated that the gas diffusion in micropores of reduced metallic Fe is a dominant rate-controlling mechanism while the interfacial chemical reaction is progressed rapidly. This is attributed to extraordinary effects of microwave irradiation on speeding up the chemical reactions 3), while the formation of Fe shell on the surface of FeS/FeO particles decreases the accessibility of gas to un-reacted parts, resulting in a lower rate of gas diffusion in micropores. Moreover, the diffusion coefficients (De) at 460, 570, and 750 °C were calculated from the plot of the gas diffusion, as illustrated in Fig. 1, wherein the X is reduction degree: where Wi (g) is the initial weight of the sample, Wt (g) is the weight of the sample after treatment for t seconds, Wht (g) is the weight change of the sample owing to the dehydration reaction, and WO (-) is the stoichiometric weight ratio of oxygen in the sample, which is 0.111. Consequently, the activation energy of 22.3 kJ.mol-1 was attained from the Arrhenius equation for the hydrogen-reduction reaction of FeS-CaO mixture under microwave heating.
Modelling and Study of a Microwave Plasma Source for High-rate Etching
Authors: Pauly Steffen , Schulz Andreas , Walker Matthias , Tovar Günter , Balk Monika , Schneider Joachim , Baumgärtner Klaus
Published: October 2019

The aim of the study is to optimize an existing microwave powered remote plasma source (RPS) with respect to the etching rate and gas temperature and to simplify the setup to save production costs. The RPS, which is shown in figure 1, is a low-pressure plasma source where the plasma is generated and exists mainly in the chamber of the source. Only radicals migrate out of the RPS. This is one important feature, that the plasma source is used for etching processes when ion bombardment and high thermal strain of the substrate must be prevented. The etching process is a chemical process, where the radicals react with the substrate surface atoms forming gaseous molecules. The benefit is a damage-free, dry and clean substrate surface. To achieve these goals, a FEM-based model of the RPS has been developed to investigate the microwave distribution and the microwave coupling into the plasma chamber, as well as the plasma itself. In this paper different examples of FEM based microwave simulations by different conditions and their experimental validations will be presented. To compare the calculated electric field distribution in the RPS with the real field distribution, PMMA-substrates were placed inside the plasma chamber of the source. They are heated up by the electric field and evaluated with an infrared camera and liquid crystal sheets. Both the measured and the calculated field distribution show a very good conformity. When the electric field is high enough in the plasma chamber the plasma ignites, the electron density and thus the permittivity and the conductivity increase, which changes again the electric field distribution. For this purpose, the FEM-model has been extended by the Drude model1. The model considers the equation of motion with a damping term for the electrons, leading to an expression for the conductivity. Results for various electron densities as well as their corresponding electric field distributions are presented and compared with optical measurements.     Fig. 1. The figure shows the scheme of the RPS with its main components and functions.
THEORETICAL ANALYSIS ON EFFICIENT MICROWAVE WARMING OF HUMAN BLOOD
Authors: Kumari Sushma , Samanta Sujoy Kumar , Saxena Brij
Published: October 2019

Economical and efficient warming of pre-transfusion human blood has been a subject of extensive investigation. The objective of this study is to identify and analyze the effect of enhanced microwave warming of bank blood. The sample here has been assumed to be a 2D cylinder interacting with microwave irradiation. The mathematical interpretation for the study is performed by solving the equation of electromagnetic wave propagation along with the equation of energy balance and pertinent boundary conditions. The samples after being subjected to both lateral and radial irradiations of same intensity are investigated for the power absorption in the sample with respect to the sample size. The preliminary observations obtained are further analyzed and extended for spatial distribution scrutiny. The collaborative analysis of the spatial distributions of temperature and power in the human blood along with high heating rate and low thermal non-uniformity determine the optimal heating strategy. The observations at different sample sizes recommend radial irradiation as the optimal heating strategy for samples corresponding to OP: 1 and 3, and lateral irradiation for samples corresponding to OP: 2, respectively. Considering all the aspects, the present work recommends an efficient way for enhanced microwave assisted heating of body fluid samples (2D cylindrical geometry) with known or measurable dielectric properties.
GENERALISATION AND EVALUATION OF MACROSCOPIC MODELS FOR MICROWAVE SUSCEPTORS IN CONTACT WITH HEATED FOODS
Authors: Olszewska-Placha Marzena , Celuch Malgorzata , Wilczynski Konrad
Published: October 2019

Introducing a thin conductive layer into a finite-mesh (as inherent in e.g. finite difference time domain (FDTD) and finite element (FEM) methods) typically requires a dedicated equivalent macroscopic model allowing for computationally effective and accurate electromagnetic (EM) and thermal simulations. Thin conductive layers, such as microwave susceptors, characterised by their surface resistance (Rs), are adequately represented with a dielectric surrogate layer of higher thickness and proportionally scaled conductivity, maintaining the value of Rs. Systematic evaluation of macroscopic models of microwave susceptors used for enhancing the heating efficiency of microwavable food packages has been reported in [1]. Our studies therein focus on validity, accuracy and practical application limits of the proposed macroscopic models of thin metallic layers, in terms of power dissipated in susceptor placed in free space and irradiated by EM wave, at all angles of incidence. In this work we extend our studies to real-life simulation scenarios, in which microwave susceptor is in contact with food. We first consider a four-layer model as in Fig. 1(left) and conduct both analytical and numerical conformal FDTD calculations. The accuracy and application limit of the macroscopic model are investigated for all incidence angles and both, TE and TM polarisations of the impinging EM wave, for different foods. We aim to determine a range of optimum, in terms of power dissipated in the susceptor, values of the susceptor’s surface resistance in all those cases. The results of our canonical calculations with the four-layer model of Fig.1(left) are validated in the 3D FDTD modelling scenario of Fig.1(right), representative of a real-life domestic oven. While for normal incidence our results are in overall agreement with some of the previously published observations [2], they are formalised and generalised to constitute reliable guidelines for microwave oven and food packaging designers and manufacturers. We also show cases where some of the earlier rule-of-the-thumb guidelines fail.
SOLID-STATE MICROWAVE PROCESSOR FOR FOOD TREATMENT
Authors: Fiore Marco , Di Modugno Nicola , Pellegrini Francesco , Roselli Mariagrazia
Published: October 2019

Uneven heating and hot spots, irregular matching conditions and deterioration of organoleptic qualities are typical drawbacks of magnetron-based food processing with microwave radiation. The proposed “Kopernicook” modular architecture, based on multiple solid-state generators governed by a distributed software platform, allows highly accurate parametric control, full customization of radiation patterns and dynamic self-regulating workflows. The first results, validated with industrial applications, show great flexibility of operation, optimal energy consumption and different ideas for future developments in terms of radiation patterns and feedback-triggered algorithms aimed at maximally efficient processes.
HOMOGENEOUS DIELECTRIC HEATING IN LARGE MICROWAVE OVENS BY EXCITATION OF MULTIPLE EIGENMODES AT THEIR RESONANCE FREQUENCIES
Authors: Neumaier Dominik , Sanseverino Sabrina , Link Guido , Jelonnek John
Published: October 2019

The proper use of microwave heating can significantly increase the production cycle time and energy efficiency in industrial heating processes compared to conventional heating methods. The main challenge of this technique is to improve the temperature uniformity in the product exposed to standing waves inside the microwave oven. In opposite to the magnetron, solid-state amplifiers (SSA) offer the possibility to increase the homogeneity by changing the amplitude, frequency and phase with the help of intelligent control methods [1]. In this work, the variation of the frequency and the amplitude of the SSA is considered. The multimode microwave oven used in the experiment has an industrial size of 535 mm x 510 mm x 395 mm (Figure 1). The SSA was operated in the frequency range from 2.4 GHz to 2.5 GHz. It consisted of a new 300 W solid state microwave source from HBH microwave GmbH, Germany. An antenna system was developed based on numerical simulation with CST Microwave Studio. The positions of four loop antennas were optimized to excite at least 90 % of the possible 32 eigenmodes [2] of the unloaded cavity. At the roof of the cavity, an IR camera was installed to observe the temperature distribution of the load during heating. A sheet of paper was used as the thermal load. It was placed on a PTFE plate as a sample holder. Figure 1 exemplary illustrates the comparison of the simulated power distribution with the measured temperature distribution for two representative eigenmodes. As can be expected from the figures, an optimized combination of different modes will lead to a significantly improved temperature uniformity in the material. Latest results obtained with different type of loads will be presented.
ENHANCED MICROWAVE ASSISTED PROCESSING OF 2D CYLINDRICAL POROUS FOOD DIELECTRIC
Authors: Kumari Sushma , Samanta Sujoy Kumar , Patel Kush
Published: October 2019

The exigencies of a swift, qualitative and economical procedure for the food industry was addressed by the microwave assisted processing such as heating, drying, thawing, etc1. A food material in itself is a complex sample with multiple components and varying dielectric properties which makes its mathematical modeling arduous. The most realistic approach is to consider the food as a porous dielectric which basically consists of a continuous phase and one or more dispersed phases2. The porous dielectrics considered for this study is meat as the continuous phase and oil, water or air as dispersed phase. A theoretical analysis has been performed to study the thermal effects on the 2D cylindrical porous food dielectrics subjected to microwave irradiation. The analysis comprises of different porosity conditions (Φ = 0.1, 0.25 and 0.4), different initial intensities (I0 = 1 and 1.5 Wcm-2) and different dispersed phases. Galerkin finite element analysis has been used to solve electric field and energy balance equations with suitable boundary conditions.
MICROWAVE PROCESSING OF FOOD SAMPLES: INFLUENCE OF CAVITY DESIGN AND DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
Authors: Clarissa Albuquerque Detomi , Curet S. , Boillereaux L.
Published: October 2019

Microwave-material interactions and electromagnetic propagation phenomena are important to optimize the microwave heating process of food samples. In this study, a 3D numerical modelling of a TE10 rectangular waveguide including microwave antenna and impedance matching elements is proposed. The microwave applicator is aimed to process both solid and liquid food samples. The model illustrates the standing wave patterns and microwave absorbed power within the cavity by taking into account the influence of the screw tuner, quartz windows, shorting plunger, and additional dielectric support plates. The results reveal the importance to consider the real cavity design and the precise dielectric characterization to predict accurate temperature profiles within the food product during the microwave heating. Such a model can be now be used to optimize the food sample geometry to achieve minimum reflected power and better heating uniformity.
A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF MICROWAVE AND BARRIER DISCHARGE PLASMA FOR THE REGENERATION OF SPENT ZEOLITE CATALYSTS
Authors: Bond Gary , Halman A. , Eccles H. , Mao R. , Pollington S. , Hinde P. , Demidyuk V. , Gkelios A.
Published: October 2019

Due to their acid characteristics and pore structure, which can induce high product selectivity; zeolite catalysts are used extensively in industry to catalyse reactions involving hydrocarbons.  However, these catalysts can suffer from deactivation due to cracking reactions that result in the deposition of carbon leading to poisoning of the acid sites and blocking of the pores [1].  Depending upon the reaction and the particular catalyst involved this deactivation may take place over several months or even years but in some cases occurs in minutes.  Therefore, zeolite catalysts are frequently reactivated / regenerated.  This generally involves a thermal treatment involving air which results in oxidation of the carbon [2].  However, the oxidation of carbon is highly exothermic, and if not carefully controlled, results in the generation of exceedingly high localized temperatures which can destroy the zeolite structure and result in subsequent loss of catalyst activity.  More conservative thermal treatments can result in incomplete regeneration and again a catalyst displaying inferior activity. This paper explores the use of non-thermal plasma which had been either generated using microwaves or via a barrier discharge to regenerate spent zeolite catalysts.  The catalyst, H-mordenite, was tested for the disproportionation of toluene (Figure 1) using conventional heating.  The spent catalyst was then regenerated using a plasma or conventional thermal treatment before having its activity re-evaluated for the toluene disproportionation reaction as previous.           Fig. 1. Reaction Scheme for Toluene Disproportionation.   Interestingly, not only is plasma regeneration highly effective but also catalysts can be regenerated in greatly reduced times.  There is an additional advantage in that plasma regeneration can impart physical properties that result in a zeolite that is resistant to further deactivation.  However, the results are highly dependent upon the experimental conditions involved for plasma regeneration.   References Wu J, Leu L., Appl. Catal., 1983; 7:283-294. M. Guisnet and P. Magnoux, Deactivation of Zeolites by Coking. Prevention of Deactivation and Regeneration. In: Zeolite Microporous Solids: Synthesis, Structure, and Reactivity. E.G. Derouane, F Lemos, C. Naccache, F. Ramôa Ribeiro, Eds. Pages 437-456. Springer 1992.
Computational Image: a review about the image as simulation
Authors: Da Silva Teofilo Augusto , Venturelli Suzete
Published: October 2019

This essay it’s a bibliographic review about the issue of the image in the computational art creation environment. With the technological breakthroughs, specially in the computer graphics, the computational images insert themselves in the art field to understand and discuss how they can interfere in sign and meaning matter. WIth the computational technology the images became machine generated and this phenomenon impacts are still under investigation. This work, that have as base the discussions brought by Edmond Couchot, Oliver Grau, Cláudia Gianetti, José Luis Brea, Pierre Lévy, Vilém Flusser, Suzete Venturelli and Cleomar Rocha, aims to show off the consequences, in the artist context, of numerical ambient images uses.
Temporalidad y espacialidad desbordada en la obra visual de Jesús Segura
Authors: Ruiz Bañón María Luz
Published: October 2019

Dentro de la extensa obra del artista español Jesús Segura (Cuenca, 1967) es constante el cuestionamiento y la reactualización de la noción espacio-temporal mediante el análisis crítico de la imagen. La presente aportación constituye un estudio sobre su obra visual y las diferentes estrategias utilizadas de reconstrucción espacial y delimitación de las cronologías presentes en la imagen para poner en cuestión la noción lineal del espacio-tiempo. Segura genera, a través del uso simultaneo de diferentes formatos: fotografía, vídeo, performance o instalación, lo que define como espacialidades desbordadas. Espacios que están sometidos al flujo migratorio de la globalización y que reaccionan desplegando una temporalidad heterocrónica que modifica el estatuto espacial del lugar e incorpora una hibridación de lo local y lo global, generando gran tensión heterotópica al yuxtaponer en un mismo espacio imágenes ambivalentes cuya veracidad resulta en muchos casos cuestionable para el espectador. A través de ellos plasma la vida cotidiana de las ciudades y sus múltiples y diversos habitantes, mostrándonos una realidad espacio temporal multi-rítmica en la que el tiempo experiencial no es homogéneo respecto a todas las personas, ya que individualmente los humanos somos capaces de experimentar y sentir, de forma simultánea, diferentes ritmos temporales dentro de un tramo común de tiempo. Su inquietud por temas como la temporalidad, la espacialidad o el contexto, está presente en todo su universo. En su obra las imágenes se convierten en construcciones culturales de cada uno de los contextos determinados donde surgen. Una muestra de cómo se articula y configura la imagen contemporánea afectada por las nuevas temporalidades y de la relevancia de las prácticas de ver y mostrar dentro de la nueva cultura visual, que nos hacen repensar la linealidad de la narrativa espacio-temporal modificando nuestro modo de percibir y habitar el mundo.
ANTIMATTER, un proyecto de audiovisualización en tiempo real de PDP11.
Authors: Garcia miragall Carlos , Martinez de Pisón María José , Sanmartín Piquer Francisco
Published: October 2019

El colectivo PDP11 construye su discurso visual al margen de lo tangible elevando el sonido al irracional firmamento de las matemáticas y desde allí, asentado en el lenguaje de la igualdad retornar impoluto a una nueva identidad, la dimensión de los colores. El sonido dejado al vaivén del momento toma su forma en ruidos, distorsiones, guitarras, sintetizadores, bajos, voces y silencios. El proyecto Antimatter está inspirado en el concepto físico de antimateria. El universo de las partículas y antipartículas, y sobre todo la transformación que se produce cuando colisionan fundamentó la estructura de este trabajo. En la primera parte estaba la alternancia entre electrón/positrón y protón/antiprotón, y luego se producía la colisión entre los contrarios desdibujando la materia de la antimateria para generar una nueva forma de energía, los rayos gamma. La visualización se desarrolló a partir de las frecuencias del sonido mediante la aplicación Gamuza. De nuevo y focalizando el interés en las relaciones entre el sonido y la imagen se buscó una mirada íntimamente seducida por el sonido buscando como en casi todos los proyectos de PDP11 bailar con el color de la música.
MEMORIAS COMPARTIDAS: DESARROLLO DE LA IMAGEN
Authors: Junior Antonio José dos Santos , Correa Helga
Published: October 2019

Esta investigación, aún en marcha, tiene como objetivo la realización de una serie de diez pinturas, cuya poética destaca la reconstrucción de memorias personales. El trabajo fue formulado colaborativamente, partiendo de relatos sobre objetos particulares de personas, familiares o amigos afectivamente significativos, que estuvieron ligadas al artista en distintos períodos y lugares. Las descripciones de estos individuos sobre sus memorias de estos objetos amplían y resignifican el sentido de la palabra familiar cuando se aplica a los propios objetos. Las experimentaciones pictóricas fueron producidas partiendo sólo de relatos subjetivos enviados al artista vía e-mail o redes sociales. Este procedimiento hizo posible la materialización de la imagen desde su recreación. Para la exposición de los trabajos se utilizó un monóculo de madera, que propicia la mediación de estas experimentaciones pictóricas, estableciendo un distanciamiento entre la pintura realizada y el espectador, desencadenando una fundamental distancia entre el tiempo vivido y el tiempo presente, ahora resignificado, así como discusiones sobre el tiempo, cuando la distancia y la proximidad se han confundido. La participación colaborativa en esta acción poética ha potenciado la investigación y la reflexión sobre la creación de nuevas imágenes en la contemporaneidad
Voces de la ausencia/poética de la memoria en la obra Evidencias (2010) de Norberto Puzzolo, Museo de la Memoria, Rosario, Argentina. Sonido, silencio e imagen durante la dictadura argentina (1976-1983)
Authors: Alcino Valeria Fabiana
Published: October 2019

Este trabajo se propone analizar los diversos planos puestos en relación a partir del sonido y la visualidad con las poéticas de la memoria a partir de la instalación Evidencias (2010) del artista argentino Norberto Puzzolo (Rosario,1943).La obra trata una doble problemática.Por una parte, expone los trágicos hechos de apropiación de niños, hijos de detenidos desaparecidos por el terrorismo de Estado argentino entre 1976 y 1983. Por otro lado, muestra la ardua búsqueda de las Abuelas de Plaza de Mayo y la restitución de la identidad a sus nietos.En la instalación de Puzzolo, el sonido se ubica como una evocación del pasado en tanto que el aspecto visual instala el tiempo presente y futuro. En esta unión de poéticas y temporalidades, emerge el interrogante del ser social nacional. El artista ha dejado los espacios vacíos para que sea la voluntad de la sociedad la que cierre esta obra.Evidencias, es un site specific concebido para el Museo de la Memoria de Rosario, Provincia de Santa Fe, Argentina. Asimismo, es una obra en progreso, en constante cambio a medida que los hallazgos de las identidades de los nietos desaparecidos se incorporan a la composición.Desde este punto, se intenta abordar la relación entre la materialidad de la obra visual y la invisibidad del sonido. La dimensión sonora como medio evocativo de múltiples temporalidades: pasado/presente; pasado/futuro; presente/futuro. Pensar el sonido como un signo de presencia/ausencia en esas temporalidades, como signo de aquello que en un tiempo venidero podrá –o no- estar presente. La dimensión histórica/política y política/social enfrentando la tensión entre memoria/olvido, resulta central en este abordaje. La pregunta sobre cómo vamos a reconstruir nuestro pasado reciente se pone en evidencia en el proceso de ir completando la obra. El desafío al que nos enfrenta como sociedad es la incógnita de saber si seremos capaces de restituir las imágenes faltantes y a partir de ellas, reponer las voces del pasado.
Los caminos del deseo como fenómeno ilustrativo de la relación entre el caminar y la práctica artística contemporánea.
Authors: Teira Muñiz Ismael
Published: October 2019

Los caminos del deseo son senderos producidos como resultado de la acción del caminar erosionando una superficie de hierba o césped. Proponen el camino más corto o sencillo entre un origen y un destino, y en ocasiones son entendidos como atajos. Representan, en definitiva, la interpretación física de algo tan abstracto como el deseo, y son también improntas evidentes de un gesto ciudadano, al acortar, rechazar e, incluso, mejorar el camino marcado. Sin embargo, la forma en que la mayoría de los transeúntes recorren el espacio público dificulta su visibilidad, en parte debido al atractivo de la proliferación de imágenes en dispositivos móviles empleados mientras se camina, que provoca que pasen desapercibidos. Los caminos del deseo también son el resultado de un acto poético, performativo, creativo y subversivo, esquivando la senda marcada. Se presta especial atención al fenómeno propio de Valencia, resultado de la investigación llevada a cabo en los últimos años y que evidencia la existencia de una modalidad particular de caminos del deseo urbanos. Se trata de agrestes veredas rodeadas de naturaleza, itinerarios destinados al trayecto placentero y al deleitoso momento de caminar campo a través hasta acabar dejando huella. Son muchos los caminos del deseo que podemos recorrer en el Parque Metropolitano del Túria, en contraste con el competitivo ritmo de las maratones y demás carreras cuya popularidad está en auge actualmente. De este modo, la propuesta se fija en algunos ejemplos de la práctica artística contemporánea como “The Crooked Path”, 1946, de Jeff Wall, “Shortcuts”, 2004, de Mircea Cantor, o la producción propia en proyectos como “Compostela: caminos del deseo”, 2011, o “El deseo de atravesar el paisaje”, 2012, dentro del contexto valenciano.
Momeht Fanzine. La muerte, el amor y la diversidad a través de la creación artística colectiva
Authors: Albero Verdú Sofía , Fernández Torres Fernando
Published: October 2019

El propósito de esta comunicación es analizar los aspectos estéticos, sociales y políticos de Momeht, un fanzine colectivo creado por componentes de la asociación cultural Engafat, bajo los preceptos de la expresión artística precaria, libre y crítica que caracteriza a este tipo de publicaciones.A través de un análisis visual se abordan las contribuciones de un total de 22 autores y autoras. Los resultados del análisis de estas obras arrojan luz sobre cómo se articulan e interaccionan distintas voces críticas actuales al reflexionar sobre la muerte, la diversidad y el amor. Desde una mirada estética, este fanzine materializa un discurso artístico rico, polivocal y complejo compuesto por elementos dispares como el debate conceptual, la metáfora, la ironía, la sátira, el humor y la crítica, etc. A través de procesos de creación e investigación de estructura variable, las personas que intervienen beben de fuentes dispares: desde ensayos académicos, pasando por textos y otras manifestaciones de movimientos sociales, hasta la cultura rock y punk de los 60 y 70. Desde un punto de vista social y político, se detecta que pese a su breve trayectoria, Momeht ha supuesto la creación de un lugar común para desarrollar la creación artística y la cultura crítica por parte de un nutrido grupo de especialistas en arte, feminismo, diseño, música e ilustración. Todos ellos y ellas actualmente desarrollan sus carreras en contextos profesionales diversos, ligados a las artes visuales y en conexión a la pequeña localidad industrial de Ibi, en Alicante.Las conclusiones apuntan a la apertura de un camino de expresión libre y crítica a través de Momeht, la reivindicación de los Derechos Humanos, así como la creación y posibilidad de ampliación de redes personales y profesionales en el contexto artístico actual dentro y fuera de la provincia de Alicante.
Arte y Simulacro: La Fotonovela como recurso para entender las dinámicas sociales contemporáneas en torno a la postfotografía.
Authors: González Agudo Iluminada González Agudo
Published: October 2019

Los conceptos de realidad y ficción en torno al tratamiento de la identidad, en la dicotomía de lo público y lo privado, ofrecen una línea de estudio para entender y reinterpretar cualquier imagen del archivo desde las artes, asumiendo y entendiendo la necesidad de un concepto reciente: la “postfotografía”. Pero este concepto, lejos de las disociaciones de las investigaciones en las artes visuales y las de la cultura visual, ofrece  algunas cuestiones ambiguas cuando tratamos la imagen generada en las redes. Los medios de comunicación social, la proliferación y dominio de las redes sociales, y la universalización de los dispositivos móviles de alta capacidad en la gestión de comunicación, utilización y transformación de las imágenes, nos obligan a tomar en consideración el nuevo escenario y a plantear un debate sobre la realidad en la que vivimos, y la posible tergiversación de los modelos de vida, el autoconocimiento y el tratamiento de la identidad.Este estudio plantea y desarrolla una práctica educativa, basada en una experiencia de autoconocimiento a partir de las imágenes de archivo del entorno familiar.  Estas imágenes, conocidas familiarmente pero ajenas a mi propia experiencia, ya que se trata de otras identidades cercanas en la línea del tiempo, son usadas para generar una nueva forma narrativa que las enlace, las cuestione y las redefinan en torno a mi propia identidad y biografía. La fotonovela me permite adoptar una posición crítica, creativa y constructiva  para entender los nuevos modelos de representatividad social a través de las redes y de los media. Hoy nos remitimos constantemente a la necesidad de 'ser un otro mejorado', transmutado por las modas, y dominado por lo que se ha venido en denominar 'la cultura influencer’ para construir formas de representatividad que reformulan nuevas formas de ser en lo social. Si lo real puede ser considerado una ilusión y su recreación una constatación del individuo en el mundo, debemos de empezar a considerar este hecho y sus procesos, y plantear un tratamiento en los contextos educativos y estrategias críticas basadas en la imagen mediática que permitan su comprensión y desactivación.
Empatía. Principio metodológico de análisis de la representación.
Authors: Martínez Barragán Carlos
Published: October 2019

Uno de los pasos necesarios para realizar Investigación Derivada de la Práctica Artística es la personificación cada elemento de la representación (en su totalidad o en partes significantes). Una vez personificados los elementos de la representación, entonces y por ello, se produce la empatía, esto es, la vivencia en el espectador del acto creativo a partir del darse de la obra. Si la vivencia de las obras (su percepción, su contemplación) es considerada como un fenómeno indubitable e incancelable (Stein 2004, pg. 21), dicha vivencia se convierte en la forma más directa de conocer la obra. De este modo, el reconocimiento del hecho creativo se da a ver en el aquí y ahora del espectador y el de la experiencia de la obra. Este trabajo recuperará la propuesta de Edith Stein y su Tesis doctoral “El problema de la Empatía. 2004" para tratar de establecer que la empatía permite vivenciar la originariedad del hecho creativo permitiendo al espectador ser consciente y, por lo tanto, ser capaz de expresar su experiencia y acercarse cognoscitivamente a lo que acontece con y en la obra de arte.
Cómo se redimensiona la construcción social de la memoria en el México actual, un caso de arte interactivo.
Authors: Rojas Cuevas Rosa Maribel
Published: October 2019

La presente comunicación pretende analizar y reflexionar sobre el cómo se construye y se redimensiona el concepto de memoria colectiva a través del arte. La violencia que se ha suscitado en México a partir de la guerra contra el narcotráfico ha resultado en miles de desaparecidos y cientos de fosas clandestinas. Artistas como Rafael Lozano-Hemmer y su instalación interactiva “Nivel de confianza” (2015) han partido del uso de las tecnologías digitales para enunciar y pronunciar los problemas sociales violentos que se han suscitado en el país durante los últimos años. Más allá de utilizar el arte para representar los crímenes de lesa humanidad, lo que se pretende es promover una conciencia colectiva sobre el olvido, la amnesia y la aniquilación de la memoria ejercida por el Estado.En ese sentido, se reflexionará sobre los textos filosóficos de Tzvetan Todorov y Paul Ricoeur, a fin de señalar cómo se involucra una sociedad con los eventos violentos de su pasado, la forma en que la afectan y el modo de asimilarlos.El arte es manifestado, entonces, como una forma de significado que va más allá de la historia al representar el relato acontecido, pues nos lo presenta como parte de las identidades de los estudiantes desaparecidos de la Escuela Normal Rural “Isidro Burgos. Así pues, a través del proceso de interacción y el entrecruce de información, los usuarios de la instalación construyen su propio espacio de reflexión en el que convergen diferentes posturas políticas y sociales sobre este tipo de eventos violentos suscitados en México.Por último, para abordar el hecho estético de la pieza se partirá de la teoría planteada por Adolfo Sánchez Vázquez sobre la Estética de la Participación, ya que la relación que se da entre el arte y la tecnología permite de-construir técnica y socialmente la representación de la imagen a fin de crear nuevos lenguajes visuales como una forma de reflexionar sobre la construcción oficial de la historia.
The biophysics, ecology, and biogeochemistry of functionally diverse, vertically and horizontally heterogeneous ecosystems: the Ecosystem Demography model, version 2.2 – Part 2: Model evaluation for tropical South America
Authors: Longo Marcos , Knox Ryan G. , Levine Naomi M. , Swann Abigail L. S. , Medvigy David M. , Dietze Michael C. , Kim Yeonjoo , Zhang Ke , Bonal Damien , Burban Benoit , Camargo Plínio B. , Hayek Matthew N. , Saleska Scott R. , da Silva Rodrigo , Bras Rafael L. , Wofsy Steven C. , Moorcroft Paul R.
Published: October 2019

Abstract. The Ecosystem Demography model version 2.2 (ED-2.2) is a terrestrial biosphere model that simulates the biophysical, ecological, and biogeochemical dynamics of vertically and horizontally heterogeneous terrestrial ecosystems. In a companion paper (Longo et al., 2019a), we described how the model solves the energy, water, and carbon cycles, and verified the high degree of conservation of these properties in long-term simulations that include long-term (multi-decadal) vegetation dynamics. Here, we present a detailed assessment of the model's ability to represent multiple processes associated with the biophysical and biogeochemical cycles in Amazon forests. We use multiple measurements from eddy covariance towers, forest inventory plots, and regional remote-sensing products to assess the model's ability to represent biophysical, physiological, and ecological processes at multiple timescales, ranging from subdaily to century long. The ED-2.2 model accurately describes the vertical distribution of light, water fluxes, and the storage of water, energy, and carbon in the canopy air space, the regional distribution of biomass in tropical South America, and the variability of biomass as a function of environmental drivers. In addition, ED-2.2 qualitatively captures several emergent properties of the ecosystem found in observations, specifically observed relationships between aboveground biomass, mortality rates, and wood density; however, the slopes of these relationships were not accurately captured. We also identified several limitations, including the model's tendency to overestimate the magnitude and seasonality of heterotrophic respiration and to overestimate growth rates in a nutrient-poor tropical site. The evaluation presented here highlights the potential of incorporating structural and functional heterogeneity within biomes in Earth system models (ESMs) and to realistically represent their impacts on energy, water, and carbon cycles. We also identify several priorities for further model development.
Basin-scale sources and pathways of microplastic that ends up in the Galápagos Archipelago
Authors: van Sebille Erik , Delandmeter Philippe , Schofield John , Hardesty Britta Denise , Jones Jen , Donnelly Andy
Published: October 2019

Abstract. The Galápagos Archipelago and Galápagos Marine Reserve lie 1000 km off the coast of Ecuador and are among the world's most iconic wildlife refuges. However, plastic litter is now found even in this remote island archipelago. Prior to this study, the sources of this plastic litter on Galápagos coastlines were unidentified. Local sources are widely expected to be small, given the limited population and environmentally conscious tourism industry. Here, we show that remote sources of plastic pollution are also fairly localised and limited to nearby fishing regions and South American and Central American coastlines, in particular northern Peru and southern Ecuador. Using virtual floating plastic particles transported in high-resolution ocean surface currents, we analysed the plastic origin and fate using pathways and connectivity between the Galápagos region and the coastlines as well as known fishery locations around the east Pacific Ocean. We also analysed how incorporation of wave-driven currents (Stokes drift) affects these pathways and connectivity. We found that only virtual particles that enter the ocean from Peru, Ecuador, and (when waves are not taken into account) Colombia can reach the Galápagos region. It takes these particles a few months to travel from their coastal sources on the American continent to the Galápagos region. The connectivity does not seem to vary substantially between El Niño and La Niña years. Identifying these sources and the timing and patterns of the transport can be useful for identifying integrated management opportunities to reduce plastic pollution from reaching the Galápagos Archipelago.
Introducción a la miscelánea: Presentación del número
Authors: García Giráldez Teresa
Published: October 2019

Presentación
Commemorating the 1919 Steel Strike: An Interview with John Czelen
Authors: Witwer David , Shopes Linda , Ries Linda A.
Published: October 2019

To mark the centennial of the Steel Strike of 1919, the authors present here an edited transcript of an interview with Monessen resident John Czelen, a local labor leader. In 1973 historian John Bodnar of the Pennsylvania Historical Museum Commission interviewed him about his memories of the strike. Only five years old at the time, Czelen recalls seeing Coal and Iron Police beat striking members. He also recounts his father's memories of the strike, informed by his own knowledge of labor history. Anthony Serrino, also a Monessen resident, offers his stories. Historian David Witwer presents an overview of the strike, placing the interview in context.
TEORÍAS SUSTANTIVAS DE LA RESPONSABILIDAD EXTRACONTRACTUAL Y LA RELEVANCIA DE LA METODOLOGÍA
Authors: M. Papayannis Diego
Published: October 2019

Tradicionalmente se ha entendido que la mejor teoría de la responsabilidad extracontractual es aquella que mejor explica los rasgos centrales de la práctica. En este sentido, los defensores de las teorías deontológicas, basadas en principios de justicia, han rechazado el poder explicativo del análisis económico del derecho. Han sostenido que no logra reconstruir la práctica dando sentido a sus conceptos centrales, ni al modo en que están relacionados. Por lo tanto, no puede explicar la pauta de inferencias que llevan a un juicio de responsabilidad. En este trabajo me propongo mostrar que ambas teorías son capaces de explicar aspectos diferen- tes de la práctica. En contra de lo que se asume generalmente, el análisis económico del derecho y las teorías deontológicas no son teorías rivales, sino compatibles, puesto que tienen por objeto responder a preguntas distintas.