bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
"You cannot take it with you": Reflections on intersectionality and social work
Authors: Joy Eileen
Published: August 2019

This article presents a brief commentary on intersectionality and social work with a particular focus on Aotearoa, New Zealand. It begins with an examination of the genealogy of intersectionality through an acknowledgement that the concept has a longer lineage than the name. This foray into genealogy underscores the point that meticulous citational practice is a key component of good intersectional practice. Definitional challenges are briefly addressed, and the idea that theory and praxis are intimately connected is explored. Following this intersectionality is discussed in the context of ‘mana wāhine’ and recent developments in intersectionality in Aotearoa New Zealand. Finally, there is a discussion of why intersectionality is needed in social work with examples drawn from reflective practice and child protection in Aotearoa New Zealand.
A rich autumn feast of research and scholarship
Authors: Beddoe Liz , Stanfield Deb , Keddell Emily , Hyslop Ian
Published: August 2019

Editorial
The Pacific Way of Development and Christian Theology
Authors: Tomlinson Matt
Published: August 2019

Since the era of national independence in the Pacific Islands, many indigenous leaders have attempted to articulate a ‘Pacific Way’ aimed at developing island states along lines true to a shared past. Drawing on emblematic regional practices held to foster communalism, dialogue, and consensus, Pacific Way advocates have argued that Oceanic cultures hold the key to their own postcolonial development by drawing on what they share with their neighbours and what distinguishes them from the Western and global. In this article, I describe how some of the most vigorous and sustained attempts to cultivate a Pacific Way – discursively, at least – have arisen in indigenous Christian theology. I ask what the articulation of a Pacific Way accomplishes for the theologians who use such a figure, and what its implications are for understanding development as a practice with an inherently spiritual aspect.
Temporal and Spiritual Self-Reliance: The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints and Development in the South Pacific
Authors: Morris Paul
Published: August 2019

The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church, aka, the Mormons) plays a significant but largely neglected role in the literature on development in the Pacific. The aim of this paper is to address this lacuna and highlight the distinctive LDS theology of development without which their development agendas make little sense. The Pacific is pivotal to the LDS Church’s global mission where its commitments to development, and emergency relief, have since the 1980s been increasingly understood in terms of an overarching theology of ‘self-reliance’, explored here both theologically and as specifically applied in the Pacific. Two main arguments are advanced in this article. First, the LDS Church’s development programmes in the Pacific have led to a re-articulation of their self-understanding and rationale and a recalibration of their Church’s priorities regionally and beyond. Secondly, while it often seems that Mormons are wedded to the capitalist system, this is recent and they are equally heirs to another model of ‘economic or gospel communalism’, and that the retrieval of this tradition is consistent with the Church’s priorities for the Pacific and a growing concern there.
Theological Education as Development in Vanuatu: ‘Wayfaring’ and the Talua Ministry Training Centre
Authors: Taylor Steve , King Phil
Published: August 2019

Education is essential to development. In Pacific cultures, in which the church is a significant presence, theological education can empower agency and offer analytical frames for social critique. Equally, theological education can reinforce hierarchies and dominant social narratives. This paper provides an account of Presbyterian theological education in Vanuatu. Applying an educative capability approach to a theological education taxonomy proposed by Charles Forman brings into focus the interplay between economics, context, and sustainability as mutual challenges for both development and theological education. However Forman’s model does not accurately reflect the realities of Vanuatu. An alternative frame is proposed, that of wayfaring, in which knowledge-exchange is framed as circulating movements. Wayfaring allows theological education to be imagined as a development actor that affirms local agency, values networks, and subverts centralising models. This alternative model provides a way to envisage theological education, both historically in Vanuatu and into an increasingly networked future, as an actor in Pacific development.
Effect of temperature on life table parameters of Rhyncaphytoptus ficifoliae Keifer (Trombidiformes; Diptilomiopidae)

Authors: Bahirae Fereshteh , Jafari Shahriar , Lotfollahi Parisa , Shakarami Jahanshir
Published: August 2019

Rhyncaphytoptus ficifoliae Keifer (Trombidiformes; Diptilomiopidae) is one of the important pests of fig trees that is widely distributed in fig orchards located in south-western Iran. The effect of six ambient temperatures (17, 20, 25, 30, 33 and 36°C) on life table parameters of R. ficifoliae was studied under laboratory conditions at 60±5% relative humidity and a photoperiod of 16: 8 h (L: D) on fig leaves. The life table parameters were estimated according to the age-stage, two-sex life table theory. In addition, the bootstrap technique was used for estimating the variances and standard errors of the population parameters. R. ficifoliae successfully developed and reproduced from 17 to 33°C, but the females reared at 36ºC laid a few eggs and died after several days. The longest and shortest total longevity of females were recorded at 25°C (48.50 days) and 33°C (14.33 days), respectively. The fecundity increased as temperature increased from 11.04 eggs at 17°C to 25.04 eggs at 25°C, then decreased and reached 12.44 eggs at 33°C. The lowest and highest values of the intrinsic rate of increase (r) were 0.043 and 0.234 day-1 that obtained at 17 and 30°C, respectively. The mean generation time (T) significantly decreased from 33.39 days to 9.63 days with increasing temperature from 17°C to 33°C. Our findings show that females reared at higher temperatures (>25°C) exhibit greater overall reproduction rates in comparison to lower temperatures.
New eriophyoid mite (Acari: Eriophyoidea) from sub-Himalayan West Bengal, India

Authors: Roy Sourav , Chakrabarti Samiran
Published: August 2019

A new eriophyoid mite Unilox lataguriensis gen. nov. et sp. nov. on Ardisia solanacea (Poir.) Roxb. (Primulaceae) is described here from Jalpaiguri district of sub-Himalayan West Bengal, India. The new genus, belongs to the family Diptilomiopidae, subfamily Diptilomiopinae, and is very close to the genus Dialox.
Physicochemical and biological compatibility of insecticide mixtures with acaricide in the management of Brevipalpus yothersi

Authors: Della Vechia Jaqueline Franciosi , Bassanezi Renato Beozzo , Andrade Daniel Junior
Published: August 2019

Citrus leprosis, caused by Citrus leprosis virus cytoplasmic type (CiLV-C), is one of the major citrus diseases. Such disease is mainly managed by controlling the vector, which is a mite of the genus Brevipalpus (Acari: Tenuipalpidae). To increase pest control spectrum and reduce costs, citrus growers often prefer to tank mix pesticides. However, the effect of pesticide combinations made up of insecticides and acaricides is little known yet. Therefore, our goal was to evaluate the physicochemical compatibility of spray mixtures with acaricides (spirodiclofen, propargite, and cyflumetofen) and the most commonly used insecticides in citrus orchards, as well as to evaluate their biological effect on Brevipalpus yothersi (Baker). Mixing insecticides with the acaricides such as spirodiclofen, propargite, and cyflumetofen had no interfere with the physicochemical stability of tank mixtures. However, the combination of imidacloprid, bifenthrin, cypermethrin, and phosmet with spirodiclofen reduced acaricide control efficiency in 20.9%, 18.9%, 9.7%, and 21.9%, respectively. These mixtures are not recommended for B. yothersi control.
Broadband acoustic scattering from oblate hydrocarbon droplets
Authors: Loranger Scott , Pedersen Geir , Weber Thomas C.
Published: August 2019

Improved in situ quantification of oil in the marine environment is critical for informing models of fate and transport and evaluating the resiliency of marine communities to oil spills. Broadband acoustic backscatter has been used to quantify a variety of targets in the water column; from fish and planktonic organisms to gas bubbles and oceanic microstructure, and shows promise for use in quantifying oil droplets. Quantifying water column targets with broadband acoustic backscatter relies on accurate models of a target's frequency dependent target strength (TS), a function of the target's acoustic impedance, shape, and size. Previous acoustic quantification of oil droplets has assumed that droplets were spheres. In this study, broadband (100.5–422 kHz) acoustic backscatter from individual oil droplets was measured, and the frequency dependent TS compared to a model of acoustic scattering from fluid spheres and two models for more complex shapes. Droplets of three different crude oils, two medium oils, and one heavy oil were quantified and all droplets were oblate spheroids. The impact of the deviation from sphericity on the accuracy of each model was determined. If an inversion of the model for spherical droplets was used to estimate flux from acoustic observations, errors in the predicted volume of a droplet were between 30% and 50%. The heavy oil also showed deviations in predicted volume of 20%–40% when using the two models for more complex shapes.
Accessing neuroinflammation sites: Monocyte/neutrophil-mediated drug delivery for cerebral ischemia
Authors: Hou Jia , Yang Xu , Li Shiyi , Cheng Zhekang , Wang Yuhua , Zhao Jing , Zhang Chun , Li Yongji , Luo Man , Ren Hongwei , Liang Jianming , Wang Jue , Wang Jianxin , Qin Jing
Published: August 2019

A molecular Trojan horse carrying drugs for cerebral ischemic stroke has the potential to alleviate injuries.
‘Ethical’ eggs could save day-old chicks from slaughter
Authors: Vogel Gretchen
Published: August 2019

Scientists find ways to count male chicks before they hatch.
Successful Ebola treatments promise to tame outbreak
Authors: Kupferschmidt Kai
Published: August 2019

Antibody preparations that cut the death rate dramatically will become available to all patients in Congo.
Open access takes root at National Cancer Institute
Authors: Kaiser Jocelyn
Published: August 2019

Cancer Moonshot program requires grantees to provide immediate free access to papers they publish.
Genetic behavioral screen identifies an orphan anti-opioid system
Authors: Wang Dandan , Stoveken Hannah M. , Zucca Stefano , Dao Maria , Orlandi Cesare , Song Chenghui , Masuho Ikuo , Johnston Caitlin , Opperman Karla J. , Giles Andrew C. , Gill Matthew S. , Lundquist Erik A. , Grill Brock , Martemyanov Kirill A.
Published: August 2019

Worms yield opioid receptor insight

The µ-opioid receptor (MOR) is the target of pain-reducing drugs, including morphine and the potent synthetic opioid fentanyl. Better understanding of the receptor system is needed to suppress potentially deadly side effects and manage addiction potential. Wang
et al.
used a screen in the worm
Caenorhabditis elegans
to find genes that influenced MOR function (see the Perspective by Mercer Lindsay and Scherrer). They found another receptor called GPR139, loss of which enhanced effects of morphine in mice but reduced withdrawal effects. GPR139 could be a target to improve safety or efficacy of opioid therapy.

Science
, this issue p.
1267
; see also p.
1246
Nearly ferromagnetic spin-triplet superconductivity
Authors: Ran Sheng , Eckberg Chris , Ding Qing-Ping , Furukawa Yuji , Metz Tristin , Saha Shanta R. , Liu I-Lin , Zic Mark , Kim Hyunsoo , Paglione Johnpierre , Butch Nicholas P.
Published: August 2019

An unusual superconductor

In conventional, and in many unconventional, superconductors, the electrons that form Cooper pairs have spins pointing in opposite directions. An applied magnetic field can easily “break” such pairs—and destroy superconductivity—by aligning both spins in the same direction. In contrast, spin-triplet superconductors are much more resilient to magnetic fields. Very few candidates for such materials have been discovered. Ran
et al.
add to this select group by observing signatures of spin-triplet superconductivity, including a very large and anisotropic upper critical magnetic field, in the material UTe
2
. Because spin-triplet superconductors may naturally exhibit topological superconductivity, this material may also be of interest in quantum computing.

Science
, this issue p.
684
Amygdala ensembles encode behavioral states
Authors: Gründemann Jan , Bitterman Yael , Lu Tingjia , Krabbe Sabine , Grewe Benjamin F. , Schnitzer Mark J. , Lüthi Andreas
Published: August 2019

Neuron activity across the brain

How is it that groups of neurons dispersed through the brain interact to generate complex behaviors? Three papers in this issue present brain-scale studies of neuronal activity and dynamics (see the Perspective by Huk and Hart). Allen
et al.
found that in thirsty mice, there is widespread neural activity related to stimuli that elicit licking and drinking. Individual neurons encoded task-specific responses, but every brain area contained neurons with different types of response. Optogenetic stimulation of thirst-sensing neurons in one area of the brain reinstated drinking and neuronal activity across the brain that previously signaled thirst. Gründemann
et al.
investigated the activity of mouse basal amygdala neurons in relation to behavior during different tasks. Two ensembles of neurons showed orthogonal activity during exploratory and nonexploratory behaviors, possibly reflecting different levels of anxiety experienced in these areas. Stringer
et al.
analyzed spontaneous neuronal firing, finding that neurons in the primary visual cortex encoded both visual information and motor activity related to facial movements. The variability of neuronal responses to visual stimuli in the primary visual area is mainly related to arousal and reflects the encoding of latent behavioral states.

Science
, this issue p.
eaav3932
, p.
eaav8736
, p.
eaav7893
; see also p.
236
Witnessing a wearables transition
Authors: Pons José L.
Published: August 2019

Assistive robots must mimic human dynamics and move toward neural-interface control
Mitochondria—Striking a balance between host and endosymbiont
Authors: Youle Richard J.
Published: August 2019

Putting a price on the powerhouse

Mitochondria—the so-called powerhouse of the cell—are derived from bacterial endosymbionts. This history provides opportunities and challenges for their host cells, particularly metazoans, including humans. Youle reviews the interplay between host and mitochondrial biology and highlights how mitochondrial ancestry has influenced innate immune responses. Keeping mitochondria both healthy and in check is key to organismal health and, when perturbed, leads to a variety of pathologies, including Parkinson's disease and inflammation.

Science
, this issue p.
eaaw9855
Hippocampal sharp-wave ripples linked to visual episodic recollection in humans
Authors: Norman Yitzhak , Yeagle Erin M. , Khuvis Simon , Harel Michal , Mehta Ashesh D. , Malach Rafael
Published: August 2019

Sharp-wave ripples in the hippocampus

What are the brain mechanisms responsible for episodic memory retrieval? Norman
et al.
investigated epilepsy patients who had electrodes implanted in the hippocampus and a variety of cortical areas. Using a visual learning paradigm, they examined the temporal relationship between the incidence of hippocampal sharp-wave ripples and recall. Effective encoding of visual information was associated with higher incidence of ripples. Successful recall was preceded by an increased probability of ripples, which were also associated with transient reemergence of activation patterns in higher visual cortical areas. Hippocampal ripples may thus boost recollections during episodic memory retrieval.

Science
, this issue p.
eaax1030
Primordial and recycled helium isotope signatures in the mantle transition zone
Authors: Timmerman S. , Honda M. , Burnham A. D. , Amelin Y. , Woodland S. , Pearson D. G. , Jaques A. L. , Le Losq C. , Bennett V. C. , Bulanova G. P. , Smith C. B. , Harris J. W. , Tohver E.
Published: August 2019

Diamond window into the deep mantle

Helium isotopes provide a window into the very deepest and oldest parts of Earth's voluminous mantle. However, several processes tend to obscure the helium isotope signal from reservoirs in basaltic lavas that have erupted at the surface. Timmerman
et al.
identified a set of diamonds that formed deep within Earth and were rapidly erupted, which have avoided near-surface contamination. They find evidence for a deep, primordial rock source along with mixing of sediments from old subducting plates. The signatures extracted from these diamonds have implications for chemical and dynamic models of Earth.

Science
, this issue p.
692
Specialized cutaneous Schwann cells initiate pain sensation
Authors: Abdo Hind , Calvo-Enrique Laura , Lopez Jose Martinez , Song Jianren , Zhang Ming-Dong , Usoskin Dmitry , El Manira Abdeljabbar , Adameyko Igor , Hjerling-Leffler Jens , Ernfors Patrik
Published: August 2019

A newly discovered cell type for pain perception

Pain has been thought to be initiated by activation of free nerve endings without end organs in the skin. In contrast to this paradigm, Abdo
et al.
discovered a previously unknown meshlike organ covering the skin that senses dangerous environmental stimuli (see the Perspective by Doan and Monk). This organ is built from specialized glial cells located in the epidermal-dermal border and is sufficient and required for initiation of mechanical pain transduction.

Science
, this issue p.
695
; see also p.
641
An sp-hybridized molecular carbon allotrope, cyclo[18]carbon
Authors: Kaiser Katharina , Scriven Lorel M. , Schulz Fabian , Gawel Przemyslaw , Gross Leo , Anderson Harry L.
Published: August 2019

Carbon allotropes built from rings of two-coordinate atoms, known as cyclo[
n
]carbons, have fascinated chemists for many years, but until now they could not be isolated or structurally characterized because of their high reactivity. We generated cyclo[18]carbon (C
18
) using atom manipulation on bilayer NaCl on Cu(111) at 5 kelvin by eliminating carbon monoxide from a cyclocarbon oxide molecule, C
24
O
6
. Characterization of cyclo[18]carbon by high-resolution atomic force microscopy revealed a polyynic structure with defined positions of alternating triple and single bonds. The high reactivity of cyclocarbon and cyclocarbon oxides allows covalent coupling between molecules to be induced by atom manipulation, opening an avenue for the synthesis of other carbon allotropes and carbon-rich materials from the coalescence of cyclocarbon molecules.
Choosing wisely
The Intelligence Trap: Why Smart People Make Dumb Mistakes
David Robson
Norton, 2019. 331 pp.
Authors: Barbey Aron K.
Published: August 2019

A high IQ isn't the liability this book suggests, but we can all learn to make better decisions
Marching out of the crypt
Authors: Jansen Marnix
Published: August 2019

Intestinal epithelial cells actively migrate up the villus, challenging a long-held view
SEIMLESS: Simultaneous Extracranial, Intracranial Management of (tandem) LESsions in Stroke
Authors: Sultan-Qurraie Ali , Witt Taylor , de Havenon Adam , Ribo Marc , Zaidat Osama O
Published: August 2019

Background

Pooled individual data from the landmark stroke trials of 2015 conclude that the benefit of endovascular thrombectomy for patients with intracranial arterial occlusion also extends to patients with concomitant (so-called ’tandem') occlusions of proximal vessels. However, there is heterogeneity and debate in the management of these patients, without a clear standard of care. In particular, there is contention regarding whether the proximal or distal lesion should be treated first. We present a case control study and describe the Simultaneous Extracranial, Intracranial Management of (tandem) LESsions in Stroke (SEIMLESS) technique, an efficient approach to the acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patient who presents with tandem lesions (TLs).

Methods

We describe 5 patients, presenting with AIS and TLs between 2015 and 2017, who we treated with SEIMLESS. Cases were reviewed for clinical data, including arterial puncture to intracranial reperfusion, total fluoroscopy time, amount of contrast, age, and gender. Our series was matched to 5 patients treated with the standard ’sequential' approach (angioplasty followed by thrombectomy) in the same time period by the same operator.

Results

Arterial access to intracranial recanalization time was significantly shorter in patients treated with SEIMLESS versus those who had angioplasty followed by thrombectomy (39.6±5.9 min vs 85.2±20.6 min; P=0.014). Patients treated ’seimlessly' also received significantly less iodinated contrast (117±13.5 mL vs 213±48.9 mL; P=0.005) and significantly less fluoroscopy time (21.1±5.2 min vs 55.9±17.8 min; P=0.003). There was no difference in the post-procedural Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction score for patients treated with SEIMLESS versus the sequential method (p=0.658).

Conclusion

SEIMLESS is an efficient procedural method that simultaneously treats a distal intracranial occlusion and a more proximal one. Our small case controlled study finds that this technique is feasible and can lead to faster intracranial recanalization compared with the standard ’sequential' method, utilizing less contrast and radiation in the process. Larger studies are needed to verify our findings.
A2, M2, P2 aneurysms and beyond: results of treatment with pipeline embolization device in 65 patients
Authors: Primiani Christopher T , Ren Zeguang , Kan Peter , Hanel Ricardo , Pereira Vitor Mendes , Lui Wai Man , Goyal Nitin , Elijovich Lucas , Arthur Adam S , Hasan David M , Ortega-Gutierrez Santiago , Samaniego Edgar A , Puri Ajit S , Kuhn Anna L , Orlov Kirill , Kislitsin Dmitry , Gorbatykh Anton , Waqas Muhammad , Levy Elad I , Siddiqui Adnan H , Mokin Maxim
Published: August 2019

Background

Intracranial aneurysms located in the distal vessels are rare and remain a challenge to treat through surgical or endovascular interventions.

Objective

To describe a multicenter approach with flow diversion using the pipeline embolization device (PED) for treatment of distal intracranial aneurysms.

Methods

Cases of distal intracranial aneurysms defined as starting on or beyond the A2 anterior cerebral artery, M2 middle cerebral artery, and P2 posterior cerebral artery segments were included in the final analysis.

Results

65 patients with distal aneurysms treated with the PED were analyzed. Median aneurysm size at the largest diameter was 7.0 mm, 60% were of a saccular morphology, and 9/65 (13.8%) patients presented in the setting of acute rupture. Angiographic follow-up data were available for 53 patients, with a median follow-up time of 6 months: 44/53 (83%) aneurysms showed complete obliteration, 7/53 (13.2%) showed reduced filling, and 2/53 (3%) showed persistent filling. There was no association between patient characteristics, including aneurysm size (P=0.36), parent vessel diameter (P=0.27), location (P=0.81), morphology (P=0.63), ruptured status on admission (P=0.57), or evidence of angiographic occlusion at the end of the embolization procedure (P=0.49). Clinical outcome data were available for 60/65 patients: 95% (57/60) had good clinical outcome (modified Rankin Scale score of 0–2) at 3 months.

Conclusions

This large multicenter study of patients with A2, M2, and P2 distal aneurysms treated with the PED showed that flow diversion may be an effective treatment approach for this rare type of vascular pathology. The procedural compilation rate of 7.7% indicates the need for further studies as the flow diversion technology constantly evolves.
DNA barcoding of a complex genus, Aesculus L. (Sapindaceae) reveals lack of species-level resolution
Authors: Aygoren Uluer Deniz , Alshamrani Rahma
Published: August 2019

Aesculus L. is a small genus of horticulturally important trees and shrubs, comprising 13–19 species. Frequent hybridization among species, particularly in cultivation, has contributed to taxonomic confusion and difficulties in the identification of plants. In this study, we evaluated three widely employed plant DNA barcode loci, matK, and the entire ITS region (ITS1+5.8S+ITS2) as well as subunit ITS2 for 50 individuals representing 13 species of Aesculus, excluding only A. wangii (=A. assamica). In contrast to the plastid matK region, both the ITS and ITS2 loci displayed low levels of species discrimination, especially in our “first hit” BLASTn searches. We also presented the phylogeny of Aesculus based on matK and the entire ITS region, with additional matK and ITS sequences from GenBank. Our results show that Aesculus chinensis, A. flava, A. glabra, A. pavia, and A. sylvatica are probably not monophyletic. Furthermore, with the widest taxon coverage until now, the current study highlights the importance of sampling multiple individuals, not only for DNA barcoding, but also for phylogenetic studies.
Multiaged redwood responds well to partial harvest and herbicide treatments
Authors: Berrill John-Pascal , Howe Robert
Published: August 2019

Chemical control of unwanted trees can be a cost-efficient tool for forest management and restoration. In California, United States, the response of merchantable conifers to hardwood control is poorly understood. We studied the tree growth of coast redwood (Sequoia sempervirens (Lamb. ex D. Don) Endl.) following herbicide frill treatment of competing tanoak (Notholithocarpus densiflorus (Hook. & Arn.) Manos, C.H. Cannon, & S. Oh), coinciding with a partial harvest of conifers. The radial growth of 420 redwoods in 45 plots was measured using increment cores. With or without partial harvesting, herbicide treatment of tanoak enhanced growth of most redwoods: 23% of redwoods in herbicide-only plots and 34% of redwoods in herbicide + harvest plots had ≥100% higher posttreatment basal area increment (BAI). In untreated plots, 67% of redwoods displayed declining BAI. The response of redwoods (the ratio of 8-year postharvest BAI to 8-year preharvest BAI) was 59% higher in herbicide-only plots and 108% higher in herbicide + harvest plots compared with untreated control plots over the same period. Redwoods with long crowns maintained rapid growth with or without treatment. Trees growing slowly before treatment exhibited the greatest response, provided that they had relatively long crowns and were not left in suppressed crown positions. Forest managers implementing partial harvesting and (or) chemical control of hardwoods can expect to maintain or promote rapid growth of most residual redwoods.
Identification of anthracnose races in Manitoba and Ontario from 2005 to 2015 and their reactions on Ontario dry bean cultivars
Authors: Conner Robert L. , Boland Greg J. , Gillard Chris L. , Chen Yongyan , Shan Xuechan , McLaren Debra L. , Hou Anfu , Penner Waldo C. , Melzer Melody S. , Balasubramanian Parthiba , Hwang Sheau-Fang , McRae Kenneth B.
Published: August 2019

Anthracnose, caused by the fungus Colletotrichum lindemuthianum (Sacc. & Magnus) Briosi & Cavara, is one of the most destructive diseases of dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) in the world. Between 2005 and 2015, commercial fields of dry beans in Manitoba and Ontario were surveyed to determine the frequency of occurrence of races of the anthracnose fungus. Throughout the study, race 73 was most prevalent in Manitoba and Ontario. However, three anthracnose races not previously reported in Canada also were identified. These three new races and four previously identified anthracnose races were used to screen 52 dry bean cultivars, as well as a mung bean and azuki bean cultivar from Ontario, for their seedling reactions to determine their patterns of race resistance. The dry bean cultivars were classified into a total of 19 resistance spectra based on the pattern of seedling reactions to the seven anthracnose races. The most common resistance spectrum was susceptible to the majority of the anthracnose races and no cultivar was resistant to all of the races. Many bean cultivars produced intermediate anthracnose ratings to races 31 and 105 and tests of 16 dry bean cultivars against those races indicated that all cultivars with intermediate ratings to a specific race were segregating in their seedling reactions and none of the cultivars produced plants with only intermediate anthracnose severity ratings. This study provides new information on the anthracnose reactions of common bean cultivars in Canada, which should be useful for the development of new bean cultivars with durable resistance.
Changes in underground roosting patterns to optimize energy conservation in hibernating bats
Authors: Ryan Caleb C. , Burns Lynne E. , Broders Hugh G.
Published: August 2019

Non-migratory bats in colder climates use hibernation to survive winter. By reducing metabolic rate (i.e., using torpor), bats can survive winter on stored fat reserves. During hibernation, bats arouse from torpor and may move within the hibernaculum, a process called “internal migration”. We hypothesized that internal migration occurs to optimize hibernation energetics in that bats move to select a microclimate to minimize energy expenditure both by seeking cooler areas of the hibernacula and avoiding those with large temperature fluctuations. Early in the winter, we observed that 62% of bats were roosting in the warmer, less energy efficient, deepest 50% of an abandoned mine hibernaculum. Late in the season, there was a shift towards the cooler entrance area, thereby decreasing energy demands during the torpid period, with 78% of bats in the mine roosting within 50 m of the entrance. Although there was no significant effect of hibernation period (i.e., early vs. late winter) on the number of bats in huddles, the largest huddles occurred close to the entrance in late winter. To fully understand and manage bat populations, it is important to understand that hibernation is a dynamic process with bats moving and interacting with one another throughout the season.
A quantum field-theoretical perspective on scale anomalies in 1D systems with three-body interactions
Authors: Daza W. S. , Drut J. E. , Lin C. L. , Ordóñez C. R.
Published: August 2019

We analyze, from a canonical quantum field theory (QFT) perspective, the problem of one-dimensional particles with three-body attractive interactions, which was recently shown to exhibit a scale anomaly identical to that observed in two-dimensional (2D) systems with two-body interactions. We study in detail the properties of the scattering amplitude including both bound and scattering states, using cutoff and dimensional regularization, and clarify the connection between the scale anomaly derived from thermodynamics to the nonvanishing non-relativistic trace of the energy–momentum tensor.
String geometry and nonperturbative formulation of string theory
Authors: Sato Matsuo
Published: August 2019

We define string geometry: spaces of superstrings including the interactions, their topologies, charts, and metrics. Trajectories in asymptotic processes on a space of strings reproduce the right moduli space of the super-Riemann surfaces in a target manifold. Based on the string geometry, we define Einstein–Hilbert action coupled with gauge fields, and formulate superstring theory nonperturbatively by summing over metrics and the gauge fields on the spaces of strings. This theory does not depend on backgrounds. The theory has a supersymmetry as a part of the diffeomorphisms symmetry on the superstring manifolds. We derive the all-order perturbative scattering amplitudes that possess the super moduli in type IIA, type IIB and SO(32) type I superstring theories from the single theory, by considering fluctuations around fixed backgrounds representing type IIA, type IIB and SO(32) type I perturbative vacua, respectively. The theory predicts that we can see a string if we microscopically observe not only a particle but also a point in the space–time. That is, this theory unifies particles and the space–time. This paper is a summary version of Ref. 1.
Oblique optical solutions of mitigating internet bottleneck with quadratic-cubic nonlinearity
Authors: Ghanbari Behzad , Bekir Ahmet , Saeed Rostam K.
Published: August 2019

By using the generalized exponential rational function method, we construct the analytical solutions of the mitigating internet bottleneck with quadratic-cubic nonlinearity involving the [Formula: see text]-derivative. This equation is described to control internet traffic. A number of new optical soliton solution for them are calculated. Oblique optical solutions also emerge as a product of this integration scheme. The results are applicable to mitigate Internet bottleneck, which is a growing problem in the telecommunications industry.
Intense X-ray isolated attosecond pulse generation by using low-intensity chirped pulse combined with a UV seeding pulse
Authors: Li Yi , Castle R. S. , Feng Liqiang
Published: August 2019

We theoretically investigate intense isolated attosecond pulse (IAP) generation from high-order harmonic generation (HHG) driven by a low-intensity chirped pulse combined with a UV seeding pulse. The results show that, driven by a two-color chirped pulse, the harmonic cutoff can be remarkably extended and a spectral continuum in X-ray region can be obtained. Moreover, as the pulse duration increases or the delay time of the two pulses changes, a larger harmonic cutoff can be found. Further, with the introduction of a UV seeding pulse, the efficiency of HHG can be enhanced by three orders of magnitudes due to the UV resonance ionization. Moreover, as the UV pulse intensity increases, the enhanced ratio of HHG yield can be further improved. The enhancement of HHG yield is related to the pulse duration and delay time of the UV pulse. For instance, when adding a shorter duration UV pulse, the enhancement of HHG is dependent on the delay time of the UV pulse. However, when adding a longer duration UV pulse, the HHG enhancement is not very sensitive to the delay time of the UV pulse. Finally, the obtained spectral continuum supports the generation of intense IAP with the duration of 36 as.
Finite temperature behaviors of q-deformed Fermi gases
Authors: Huang Xun , Hou Xu-Yang , Gong Yan , Guo Hao
Published: August 2019

During the last three decades, nonstandard statistics for indistinguishable quantum particles has attracted wide attention and research interests from many institutions. Among these new types of statistics, the [Formula: see text]-deformed Bose and Fermi statistics, originated from the study of quantum algebra, are being applied in more and more physical systems. In this paper, we construct a [Formula: see text]-deformed generalization of the BCS-Leggett theory for ultracold Fermi gases based on our previously constructed [Formula: see text]-deformed BCS theory. Some interesting features of this [Formula: see text]-deformed interacting quantum gas are obtained by numerical analysis. For example, in the ordinary Bose–Einstein Condensation regime, the gas presents a fermionic feature instead of bosonic feature if the deformation parameter is tuned suitably, which might be referred to as the [Formula: see text]-induced “Bose–Fermi” crossover. Conversely, a weak sign of the “Fermi–Bose” crossover is also found in the ordinary weak fermionic regime.
Numerical investigations and optimized design of reaction domain of a microreactor for a two-step reaction
Authors: Chen Yao , Chen Xueye
Published: August 2019

A two-step microreactor for the preparation of Diphenyldimethoxysilane [Formula: see text] is established. Diphenyldichlorosilane [Formula: see text] and methanol [Formula: see text] are selected as reactants. A model is created to optimize the structure of the reaction domain of the microreactor. The optimization parameters are [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text]. The concentration of the products is compared when there are obstacles in the reaction domains and non-reaction domains. The model and optimization method are helpful in the design of microreactor.
Study of relativistic charged particles production in 84Kr36 emulsion interactions ∼1GeV per nucleon with wounded nucleon model
Authors: Marimuthu N. , Prajapati R. , Singh M. K. , Singh V. , Inbanathan S. S. R.
Published: August 2019

The experimental results on the multiplicity and probability distribution of the emitted charged pions [Formula: see text] in the interactions of [Formula: see text]Kr[Formula: see text] projectile at around 1[Formula: see text]GeV per nucleon with nuclear emulsion targets are reported. In this work, we have employed a wounded nucleon model (WNM) to calculate the total number of wounded nucleons [Formula: see text] and the total number of interactions [Formula: see text]. The dependence of average multiplicities of produced relativistic charged particles on the calculated wounded nucleons and total interactions are investigated. The obtained results revealed that the average multiplicity of [Formula: see text] is dependent on the projectile and target mass number. The calculated values of the total number of wounded nucleons and the total numbers of interactions show a strong dependence on the mass of the colliding nuclei. The emission rate of the mean multiplicity of [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] linearly increases with increasing the total number of wounded nucleons and interactions.
Synthesis and optical, magnetic, and electrochemical properties of 5,10,15,20-tetraaryl-5,15-diazaporphyrin — tertiary amine conjugates
Authors: Sudoh Keisuke , Satoh Yuna , Furukawa Ko , Nakano Haruyuki , Matano Yoshihiro
Published: August 2019

We report on the synthesis and optical, magnetic, and electrochemical properties of nickel(II) and copper(II) complexes of 5,10,15,20-tetraaryl-5,15-diazaporphyrin–tertiary amine (TADAP–TA) conjugates. Metal-templated cyclization reactions of 9-(4-(dimethylamino)phenyl)amino-1-chloro-5-mesityldipyrrin and 9-(4-(diphenylamino)phenyl)amino-1-chloro-5-mesityldipyrrin (mesityl = 2,4,6-trimethylphenyl) with nickel(II) or copper(II) acetate afforded the corresponding metal(II) complexes of TADAP–TA. The 20[Formula: see text], 19[Formula: see text], and 18[Formula: see text] oxidation states of the DAP ring in the TADAP – TAs were reversibly interconvertible by redox reactions. NMR spectroscopy of the 20[Formula: see text] and 18[Formula: see text] Ni-TADAP – TAs revealed their antiaromatic and aromatic characters, respectively, whereas electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy of the 19[Formula: see text] Ni-TADAP–TAs showed effective delocalization of an unshared electron spin in the DAP ring. The interconversion between the three oxidation states of TADAP – TAs also caused a distinct change in the optical properties of the DAP [Formula: see text]-electron system. Notably, all the 18[Formula: see text] dications exhibited weak and broad absorption bands in the near infrared region owing to the charge-transfer from the peripheral tertiary amine units (donor) to the cationic DAP center (acceptor). Cyclic voltammetry of TADAP – TAs exhibited the reversible 20[Formula: see text]/19[Formula: see text] and 19[Formula: see text]/18[Formula: see text] redox couples and the irreversible amine oxidation at the periphery. The electrochemical oxidation of the Ni-TADAP–triphenylamine conjugate generated reactive ammoniumyl radicals, which underwent intermolecular coupling to form a polymer of TADAP–TA on the electrode surface.
Information Content of Earnings Announcements Around IFRS Adoption and a Simultaneous Change in Press Release Disclosure in Italy
Authors: Kim Pureum , Marchini Pier Luigi , Siciliano Gianfranco
Published: August 2019

This study examines the effect of a security regulation that occurs simultaneously with International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) adoption on the information content of earnings announcements in Italy. To identify the effect of this regulation, we use a treatment and a control sample of IFRS countries that vary in the adoption of the security regulation, but are similar along a set of accounting and institutional dimensions (Italy versus France, Belgium, and Portugal). We find that the increase in information content of earnings announcements is more pronounced in Italy (treatment sample). Further, we analyze non-earnings disclosures using 2106 earnings announcements and find that the inclusion of IFRS-based detailed financial statements in earnings announcements contributes to the increased informativeness of IFRS earnings announcements. Our results provide support to the notion that regulatory changes concurrent with IFRS adoption are necessary to yield capital-market benefits.
Characterization of semimodular χ-lattices
Authors: Rai Shashirekha B.
Published: August 2019

[Formula: see text]-Posets and [Formula: see text]-lattices are generalizations of posets and lattices introduced by Juhani Nieminen, where [Formula: see text] denotes a choice function. In this paper, some new characterizations of [Formula: see text]-lattices and [Formula: see text]-posets are obtained.
On the use of DGAs in malware
Authors: Spooren Jan , Preuveneers Davy , Desmet Lieven , Janssen Peter , Joosen Wouter
Published: August 2019

Malware typically makes use of
Domain Generation Algorithms
(DGAs) as a mechanism to contact their
Command and Control
server. In recent years, different approaches to automatically detect generated domain names have been proposed, based on machine learning. The first problem that we address is the difficulty to systematically compare these DGA detection algorithms due to the lack of an independent benchmark. The second problem that we investigate is the difficulty for an adversary to circumvent these classifiers when the machine learning models backing these DGA-detectors are known. In this paper we compare two different approaches on the same set of DGAs: classical machine learning using manually engineered features and a 'deep learning' recurrent neural network. We show that the deep learning approach performs consistently better on all of the tested DGAs, with an average classification accuracy of 98.7% versus 93.8% for the manually engineered features. We demonstrate that the deep learning solution yields better results even when only 10,000 malicious samples are available. We also show that one of the dangers of manual feature engineering is that DGAs can adapt their strategy, based on knowledge of the features used to detect them. To demonstrate this, we use the knowledge of the used feature set to design a new DGA which makes the Random Forest classifier powerless with a classification accuracy of 57.3%. The deep learning classifier is also (albeit less) affected, reducing its accuracy to 78.9%.
Climate Change in the Tropics: Ecological and Evolutionary Responses at Low Latitudes
Authors: Sheldon Kimberly S.
Published: August 2019

Climate change is affecting every ecosystem on Earth. Though climate change is global in scope, literature reviews on the biotic impacts of climate change have focused on temperate and polar regions. Tropical species have distinct life histories and physiologies, and ecological communities are assembled differently across latitude. Thus, tropical species and communities may exhibit different responses to climate change compared with those in temperate and polar regions. What are the fingerprints of climate change in the tropics? This review summarizes the current state of knowledge on impacts of climate change in tropical regions and discusses research priorities to better understand the ways in which species and ecological communities are responding to climate change in the most biodiverse places on Earth.
Effect of acute and chronic xenon inhalation on erythropoietin, hematological parameters, and athletic performance
Authors: Dias Katrin A. , Lawley Justin S. , Gatterer Hannes , Howden Erin J. , Sarma Satyam , Cornwell William K. , Hearon Christopher M. , Samels Mitchel , Everding Braden , Liang Allan Shuo-Wen , Hendrix Max , Piper Thomas , Thevis Mario , Bruick Richard K. , Levine Benjamin D.
Published: August 2019

This study aimed to assess the efficacy of acute subanesthetic dosages of xenon inhalation to cause erythropoiesis and determine the effect of chronic xenon dosing on hematological parameters and athletic performance. To assess the acute effects, seven subjects breathed three subanesthetic concentrations of xenon: 30% fraction of inspired xenon (FiXe) for 20 min, 50% FiXe for 5 min, and 70% FiXe for 2 min. Erythropoietin (EPO) was measured at baseline, during, and after xenon inhalation. To determine the chronic effects, eight subjects breathed 70% FiXe for 2 min on 7 consecutive days, and EPO, total blood, and plasma volume were measured. Phase II involved assessment of 12 subjects for EPO, total blood volume, maximal oxygen uptake, and 3-km time before and after random assignment to 4 wk of xenon or sham gas inhalation. FiXe 50% and 70% stimulated an increase in EPO at 6 h [+2.3 mIU/mL; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.1–4.5; P = 0.038] and at 192 h postinhalation (+2.9 mIU/mL; 95% CI 0.6–5.1; P = 0.017), respectively. Seven consecutive days of dosing significantly elevated plasma volume (+491 mL; 95% CI 194–789; P = 0.002). Phase II showed no significant effect on EPO, hemoglobin mass, plasma volume, maximal oxygen uptake, or 3-km time. Acute exposure to subanesthetic doses of xenon caused a consistent increase in EPO, and 7 consecutive days of xenon inhalation significantly expanded plasma volume. However, this physiological response appeared to be transient, and 4 wk of xenon inhalation did not stimulate increases in plasma volume or erythropoiesis, leaving cardiorespiratory fitness and athletic performance unchanged.

NEW & NOTEWORTHY This is the first study to examine each element of the cascade by which xenon inhalation is purported to take effect, starting with measurement of the hypoxia-inducible factor effector, erythropoietin, to hemoglobin mass and blood volume and athletic performance. We found that acute exposure to xenon increased serum erythropoietin concentration, although major markers of erythropoiesis remained unchanged. While daily dosing significantly expanded plasma volume, no physiological or performance benefits were apparent following 4 wk of dosing.