bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Eimeria maxima: ELISA and Western blot analyses of protective sera
Authors: WALLACH MICHAEL , C. SMITH NICHOLAS , M. D.MILLER CATHERINE , ECKERT JOHANNES , ROSE M.ELAINE
Published: October 2007

Infection of chickens with Eimeria maxima induces the production of parasite‐specific antisera which can be used passively to protect naïve chickens against infection. Globulin fractions of these antisera can also be used passively to protect chickens. Similarly, intramuscular injection of soybean lectin affinity purified gametocyte antigens of E. maxima in Freund's Complete Adjuvant induces production of antibodies which are maternally transferred and thereby protect hatchlings against E. maxima. ELISA analyses of serum pools having varying protective capacities revealed good correlations between passive protection and levels of anti‐unsporulated oocyst, anti‐sporulated oocyst, anti‐merozoite and anti‐gametocyte antibodies. Western blotting demonstrated that the sera mainly recognized a number of high molecular weight antigens in all developmental stages and that the intensity of the reactions reflected the degree of protection induced by the sera. Sera from birds immunized with gametocyte antigens also recognized high molecular weight antigens from all the developmental stages, with banding patterns remarkably similar to those observed for sera from infected birds. Taken together, these results indicate that antibodies can protect against infection with E. maxima and these antibodies may recognize and act against asexual and/or sexual stages of the parasite.
Effect of testosterone on the mucosal defence against intestinal helminths in Indian soft‐furred rats, Millardia meltada with reference to goblet and mast cell responses
Authors: TIURIA RISA , HORII Y. , MAKIMURA S. , ISHIKAWA N. , TSUCHIYA K. , NAWA Y.
Published: October 2007

Effects of testosterone on the mucosal defence mechanisms against intestinal helminths were examined in Millardia meltada. When female M. meltada were treated with testosterone at the pharmacological dose, Nippostrongy‐lus brasiliensis infection persisted for over seven weeks with prominent biphasic pattern of faecal egg production, whereas almost complete expulsion was observed by two weeks in untreated controls. In spite of a biphasic pattern of faecal egg production, the worm burden of testosterone‐treated animals remained constant up to three weeks and then slowly decreased by seven weeks. To see whether or not this delayed expulsion in testosterone treated animals was due to altered cellular responses of the intestinal mucosa, goblet and mast cell responses were examined histologically. At two weeks post‐infection, goblet cell responses at the infected site were significantly lower in testosterone‐treated animals than in controls. In contrast mast cell hyperplasia was comparable between testosterone‐treated and control animals. When Strongyloides venezuelensis, in which expulsion is dependent on mucosal mast cells, were infected concurrently with N. brasiliensis, testosterone‐treated animals could expel S. venezuelensis worms by Day 18, but failed to expel N. brasiliensis. Histologically, mast cell hyperplasia was associated with expulsion ofS. venezuelensis, while goblet cell responses were suppressed. From these results, testosterone seems to suppress proliferation/function of goblet cells but does not affect mast cells ofM. meltada.
Assessment of the role of the humoral response to Plasmodium falciparum MSP2 compared to RESA and SPf66 in protecting Papua New Guinean children from clinical malaria
Authors: Al‐YAMAN F. , GENTON B. , ANDERS R. , TARAIKA J. , GINNY M. , MELLOR S. , ALPERS M. P.
Published: October 2007

The prevalence and concentration of naturally acquired humoral response (IgG) to merozoite surface protein 2 (MSP2), RESA, SPf66 and crude schizont extract were measured in a population living in a malaria highly endemic area of Papua New Guinea. A prospective longitudinal study in 0–5–15 year old children was conducted for one year in order to examine the relationship between the humoral response to these antigens and subsequent susceptibility to clinical malaria using a series of clinical definitions. The prevalence and concentration of antibodies to all antigens increased with age. Such correlation with age was most marked for MSP2 recombinant proteins. When age and previous exposure were controlled for, only antibody levels to MSP2 recombinant proteins (3D7 andd3D7) and to RESA predicted a reduction in incidence rate of episodes of clinical malaria. Our results support the inclusion of the recombinant proteins of the 3D7 allelic family of merozoite surface antigen 2 and RESA into a subunit vaccine against malaria.,
The influence of the site of parasite inoculation on the development of Th1 and Th2 type immune responses in (BALB/c × C57BL/6) F1 mice infected with Leishmania major
Authors: NABORS GARY S. , NOLAN TOM , CROOP WILLIAM , LI JIAN , FARRELL JAY P.
Published: October 2007

Although inbred strains of mice are classified as genetically resistant or susceptible to Leishmania major based upon their ability to control infection, other factors such as the strain, dose, and site of parasite inoculation can also affect the outcome of the disease. Here we used the Fl progeny of BALB/c (susceptible) and C57BL/6 (resistant) mice (designated CB6F1) to investigate whether mice or intermediate susceptibility to infection differed from the parental strains in their ability to control infections at different cutaneous sites. CB6F1 mice developed progressive disease when inoculated in the dorsal skin, but healed infections in the footpad. Consistent with these observations, mice inoculated in the footpad ultimately developed Th1 responses, known to be required for healing, while Th2 responses developed in mice inoculated in the dorsal skin. However, IL‐4 and IFN‐γ production during the first few weeks of infection was similar in CB6F1 mice inoculated at either site, suggesting that factors in addition to the relative levels of these cytokines produced early in infection may influence the nature of the antileishmanial immune response, and the eventual disease outcome. Infection in CB6F1 mice provides a model for the study of immunity to L. major in genetically identical animals, in which a prolonged mixed Thl/Th2 cytokine pattern initially develops, but ultimately diverges into more defined Th1 and Thl type responses.
Accelerated clearance of Onchocerca microfilariae and resistance to reinfection in lnterleukin‐4 gene knockout mice
Authors: HOGARTH P. J. , FOLKARD S. G. , TAYLOR M. J. , BIANCO A. E.
Published: October 2007

Immunity to Onchocerca microfilariae (mf) in mice is associated with CD4+ Th2 cells and is dependent on IL‐5. In view of the role ofIL‐4 in the development of Th2 cells, we have utilized IL‐4 gene knockout mice (IL‐4‐1‐) to investigate microfilarial clearance and resistance to reinfection. Paradoxically, in the absence of IL‐4 there is accelerated clearance of microfilariae during a primary infection and unimpeded expression of resistance to reinfection. IL‐4‐1‐ mice showed a lack of an IgE response although peripheral eosinophilia was equivalent to wildtype controls. The data presented here suggest that elimination ofmfcan occur independent of IL‐4 and that in this model it may even be detrimental to the host.
Strontium‐isotope stratigraphy as a constraint on the age of condensed levels: examples from the Jurassic of the Subbetic Zone (southern Spain)
Authors: NIETO LUIS M. , RUIZ‐ORTIZ PEDRO A. , REY JAVIER , BENITO Mª ISABEL
Published: October 2007

Condensed levels are often characterized by reworked fossils that may lead to incorrect age assessments. Strontium‐isotope stratigraphy is an important chronostratigraphic tool that can be used to verify the biostratigraphic information from condensed beds. This paper describes a study of the 87Sr/86Sr isotope ratios of 56 belemnite samples collected from 28 stratigraphic sections of the boundary between the Upper Member of the Gavilán Formation and the Zegrí Formation (Pliensbachian, Subbetic Zone). The petrographic and geochemical data (δ18O, δ13C, concentrations of Fe, Mn and Mg, and the Sr/Mn ratio) suggest that the belemnites have preserved their original marine geochemical composition. After plotting the samples in diagrams of 87Sr/86Sr values against time according to their biostratigraphic age, four different groups (A, B, C and D) were obtained with respect to the reference curve. In groups A and B, the age deduced from the Sr‐isotope ratio is in total or partial agreement, respectively, with the biostratigraphic age; therefore the 87Sr/86Sr ratio is a good method for the dating, correlation and assessment of biostratigraphic results. In groups C and D, the SIS age and the biostratigraphic age do not coincide. A graphic procedure is presented as a suitable methodology to constrain the age of the samples showing an SIS age that differs from the relative age deduced (by biostratigraphy or stratigraphic correlation) for the bed they were collected in. These situations are interpreted as being the result of reworking of the belemnites (group C) or ammonites (group D) that are included in condensed levels. These condensed levels formed during the maximum flooding event that led to the drowning of the Gavilán carbonate platform. The methodology supplied in this paper represents a valuable tool in identifying reworking processes, improving correlation and constraining biochronostratigraphic results. The values of 87Sr/86Sr represent a new contribution to the data set of 87Sr/86Sr ratios for the Pliensbachian.
Hydroa vacciniforme‐like Epstein‐Barr virus‐associated monoclonal T‐lymphoproliferative disorder in a child
Authors: Wu Yu‐Hung , Chen Hsiu‐Chin , Hsiao Pa‐Fan , Tu Mei‐Ing , Lin Yang‐Chih , Wang Tao‐Yuan
Published: October 2007

Hydroa vacciniforme (HV) is a chronic photosensitivity disorder induced by ultraviolet radiation. Hydroa vacciniforme‐like lymphoma is a rare cutaneous T‐cell lymphoma occurring mainly in childhood. Recent studies have demonstrated an association between chronic latent Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV) infection and both the benign skin disorder and the lymphoma. The authors report a 6‐year‐old boy with chronic EBV infection, HV‐like skin eruptions, and chronic hepatitis. Histopathologic examination of a skin biopsy specimen demonstrated epidermal ballooning degeneration and dense superficial and deep perivascular and periappendageal lymphoid cell infiltrates extending to the fat lobules. Some blood vessels in the deep plexus were infiltrated by predominantly CD4+ and TIA‐1+ cytotoxic T cells. The EBV genomes were found within tissue from three skin biopsies and peripheral blood cells. Monoclonal T‐cell receptor gene rearrangement was present in skin biopsy specimens. Although no lymphoma has been found during 2 years of follow‐up treatment, the possibility of lymphoma developing out of the current smoldering stage is of concern. The clinical manifestations of lymphoproliferative disorder and chronic active EBV infection are discussed.
Lipoid proteinosis: a case series from Istanbul
Authors: Baykal Can , Topkarci Zeynep , Yazganoglu K. Didem , Azizlerli Gülsevim , Baykan Betül
Published: October 2007

Background  Lipoid proteinosis (LP) is a very rare genodermatosis. The literature on LP consists of case reports only. As we have observed 14 LP patients belonging to nine different families in the last 15 years in our practice, we decided to review all reported Turkish LP patients in this 15‐year period, and noted 37 diagnosed cases. The reasons for this relatively large number of cases, the clinical features of the patients, and the associations of LP with other clinical conditions are described in this article.

Methods  Fourteen LP patients followed in our university clinic in Istanbul were scrutinized with regard to their demographic and clinical features. Diagnoses were established using clinical features, with histopathologic confirmation in 13 cases.

Results  All but one of the patients had a history of consanguinity, or at least a marriage of parents from the same village. Typical cutaneous signs of LP and hoarseness of the voice were observed in all patients. Two patients of the same pedigree had insulin‐dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM), two patients from two different pedigrees had short stature, one patient had multinodular toxic goiter, and one patient had celiac disease.

Conclusion  LP is not rare in Turkey as consanguineous marriage is still a social problem, especially in some rural areas. The disease is not limited to a particular geographic region in Turkey. Short stature was observed in two cases from two different families, an association not reported previously; the association of LP with IDDM in one pedigree was thought to be coincidental.
Clinical characteristics of generalized idiopathic pruritus in patients from a tertiary referral center in Singapore
Authors: T.‐J. Goon Anthony , Yosipovitch Gil , Chan Yiong‐Huak , Goh Chee‐Leok
Published: October 2007

Background  Generalized idiopathic pruritus is a rarely studied heterogeneous condition, where patients with non‐inflamed, non‐pathologic skin complain of widespread pruritus.

Methods  We had administered a detailed pruritus questionnaire, based on the short form of the McGill pain questionnaire, on 75 patients with this condition.

Results  All 75 patients recruited with generalized idiopathic pruritus completed the questionnaire. In 92% of the patients, pruritus appeared on a daily basis. Most patients experienced pruritus at night (56%) and in the evening (61%) and 69% had difficulty falling asleep. Pruritus mainly involved the legs (79%), arms (76%) and back (68%). Accompanying symptoms were heat sensation (17%) and pain (13%). 80% had been prescribed antihistamines, of whom 56% obtained short‐term relief. The sensation of itch has been reported to be crawling (33%), tickling (20%), stinging (19%) and burning (19%). Patients also reported that the itch was unbearable (73%), bothersome (72%), annoying (67%) and worrisome (45%). The worst‐state VAS scores were significantly higher in patients who reported agitation (P = 0.006), difficulty in concentration (P= 0.010) and anxiety (P= 0.033).

Conclusion  This study describes the sensory and affective dimensions of generalized idiopathic pruritus, and this questionnaire has been found to be a useful tool for evaluating pruritus in this condition.
Aplasia cutis congenita: a rare cutaneous sign of split cord malformations
Authors: Izci Yusuf , Gönül Müzeyyen , Secer Halil Ibrahim , Gönül Engin
Published: October 2007

Background  Aplasia cutis congenita (ACC) is characterized by the absence of a portion of skin in a localized or widespread area at birth. It manifests usually as a solitary defect on the scalp, but sometimes may occur on the face, trunk, or limbs. ACC is most often a benign isolated defect, but can be associated with other physical anomalies or malformation syndromes. A few cases have been reported in which patients with split cord malformation (SCM) have presented with ACC.

Methods  Two patients with SCM are reported.

Results  Both patients presented with ACC and abnormal hair growth on their backs. Type II SCM was detected in the first patient and Type I SCM in the second. No surgical treatment was performed because the patients were neurologically intact.

Conclusions  ACC may seldom manifest as a skin marker of SCM. Our patients are unique examples of SCM presenting with ACC, but not requiring surgery. It is important to recognize ACC as a cutaneous sign of SCM, and to refer these patients to radiologic evaluation as soon as possible.
Screening for common dermatologic disorders amongst Israeli adolescents
Authors: Wohl Yonit , Freidman T. , Brenner S. , Bar Dayan Y.
Published: October 2007

Background  Dermatologic disorders amongst adolescents tend to overlap with general adult dermatology, but specific data are scarce. This study was undertaken to assess the prevalence of common skin disorders in 17‐year‐old Israeli military conscripts.

Methods  Military recruits who underwent medical examination over approximately 1 year were included. Dermatology specialists evaluated and classified those with suspected skin disorders into categories of suitability for military tasks. Data were computerized for analysis of prevalences. Risk ratios for each category were determined for men and women.

Results  Of the 94,806 adolescents, 36,511 (38.5%) women and 58,295 (61.5%) men, the most prevalent diagnoses were hyperhidrosis, multiple nevi, atopic dermatitis, keratinization disorders (mostly psoriasis), and contact dermatitis. The most prominent gender differences were in hyperhidrosis, contact dermatitis, and collagen diseases.

Conclusion  Major dermatologic problems in adolescents are documented, and the findings may be useful for the military, employers, and general health services.
DPT vaccine‐induced lipoatrophy: an observational study
Authors: Sardana Kabir , Garg Vijay K. , Bhushan Premanshu , Relhan Vineet , Sharma Suvasini
Published: October 2007

Introduction  Diphtheria Pertussis Tetanus (DPT) vaccine is universally used in infants and children. It is generally safe and well tolerated. Local reactions such as erythema, induration, palpable nodules, and injection site abscess are well known. Injection site lipoatrophy has not been reported earlier.

Patients and Methods  Retrospective review of all cases presenting with lipoatrophy developing at injection site following DPT administration between 2000–2005 in 3 hospitals in New Delhi, India was performed. In each case, the patients were extensively evaluated for other possible causes of lipoatrophy.

Results  8 infants (2 boys & 6 girls), age range 4–12 months, had presented with injection site lipoatrophy following DPT vaccination. The duration between the last injection and lipoatrophy ranged from 4 to 8 weeks. All had been administered the vaccine in the buttock instead of the thigh, as generally recommended in infants. Majority (6/8) developed lipoatrophy after the second dose. No systemic causes were found.

Conclusion  DPT vaccine may, in rare instances, lead to injection site lipoatrophy. Inadvertent administration into the subcutaneous fat of the buttock may have been causative. Other possible mechanisms are discussed. Paramedics and general practitioners need to be educated to administer intramuscular vaccines in the thigh in infants and young children.
Imported tungiasis: a report of 19 cases and review of the literature
Authors: Veraldi Stefano , Valsecchi Marta
Published: October 2007

Tungiasis is an infestation caused by penetration in the skin of the gravid female of the flea Tunga penetrans. In the period 1991–2006, 19 patients with imported tungiasis were observed at our Institute. All patients were subjected to general and dermatological examination, laboratory tests (including bacteriological examinations) and surgical excision of the lesions with histopathological examination. In all patients tetanus prophylaxis was made. All patients were followed up for at least six weeks. Thirteen patients were males (68.4%) and 6 females (31.6%). The age ranged from 3 to 71 years (average age: 37.8 years). Eleven patients (57.9%) contracted the infestation in Central and South America and 8 (42.1%) in Africa. In 17 patients (89.5%) tungiasis was localized to the feet, in one to the hands and in one to a thigh. In 13 patients (68.4%) the infestation was characterized by a single lesion; in the other 6 patients (31.6%) the lesions were two. In 15 patients (78.9%) tungiasis was characterized by a papular or nodular lesion. Crusted (2 patients), pustular (2 patients) and bullous (1 patient) lesions were also observed; furthermore, one patient presented with a plantar wart‐like lesion. In only one patient bacteriological examinations showed the growth of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. All patients healed without complications.
Photo‐ and antioxidant protection and salicylic acid accumulation during post‐anthesis leaf senescence in Salvia lanigera grown under Mediterranean climate
Authors: Abreu Maria Elizabeth , Munné‐Bosch Sergi
Published: October 2007

Post‐anthesis leaf senescence is a key developmental process in the life of plants as it is the time during which material built up by the plant during its growth phase is mobilized into reproductive tissues. Here we aimed to study the extent of photo‐ and antioxidant protection and salicylic acid (SA) accumulation during post‐anthesis leaf senescence in a perennial plant, Salvia lanigera Poir. grown under Mediterranean field conditions. SA levels increased sharply (up to 2.7‐fold) during early stages of leaf senescence until fruit and seed formation occurred (i.e. 4 weeks after anthesis). Later on, SA levels kept at constant high levels until leaf abscission occurred (i.e. 7 weeks after anthesis). Reductions in chlorophyll and carotenoid (lutein, violaxanthin and β‐carotene) levels occurred progressively during leaf senescence. In contrast, xanthophyll cycle de‐epoxidation increased during early stages of leaf senescence and remained constant later, similar to SA accumulation. Indeed, xanthophyll cycle de‐epoxidation strongly positively correlated with SA levels (r2 = 0.92). The maximum efficiency of PSII (Fv/Fm ratio) kept around 0.80 throughout the experiment, except during the latest stage of leaf senescence (i.e. after fruit and seed formation), when this ratio decreased to 0.72, thus indicating damage to PSII. It is concluded that endogenous SA levels increase sharply during early stages of post‐anthesis leaf senescence and concomitantly with activation of photoprotection mechanisms, such as xanthophyll cycle‐dependent excess energy dissipation, thus avoiding damage to PSII until fruit and seed formation have been accomplished.
Development of hepatic granulomas in patients receiving pegylated interferon therapy for recurrent hepatitis C virus post liver transplantation
Authors: Fiel M.I. , Shukla D. , Saraf N. , Xu R. , Schiano T.D.
Published: October 2007

Abstract: Infrequently, hepatitis C (HCV) appears to be the cause of hepatic granulomas. Interferon therapy for HCV has been increasingly associated with the development of sarcoidosis.

Aims. We sought to determine the incidence of hepatic granulomas in patients with recurrent HCV post liver transplantation (LT).

Methods. Between 1994 and 2005, 820 patients were transplanted for HCV at our institution. The pathology database was searched for patients having recurrent HCV and granulomas. At Mount Sinai Medical Center, protocol biopsies have been performed for the last 2 years in patients receiving pegylated interferon‐α2b and ribavirin (PEG) for recurrent HCV. Review of slides from explanted livers, pre‐ and post‐perfusion biopsies, and all allograft biopsies were evaluated. Lipogranulomas were excluded because of their frequent association with steatosis.

Results. A total of 10,225 liver biopsies were performed on HCV patients, and 25 (0.24%) showed non‐caseating epithelioid granulomas. Hepatic granulomas were detected in 14 post‐LT HCV patients; 9 patients received PEG. Typically, only 1 lobular granuloma was found. None of these patients had granulomas in the native liver or in any biopsy before interferon therapy; 6/9 patients had undetectable HCV‐RNA levels, and 4 had sustained viral response. No other cause for granuloma formation was identified in the 6 patients.

Conclusions. Hepatic granulomas are infrequently found in HCV liver biopsies and rarely found in post‐LT biopsies with recurrent HCV. When present, they occur more commonly in patients receiving and virologically responding to PEG therapy. The presence of granulomas in patients with HCV being treated with PEG may not warrant an extensive etiologic work‐up for granulomatous hepatitis unless otherwise clinically indicated.
Preservation of Phakopsora pachyrhizi Uredospores
Authors: Furtado G. Q. , Alves S. A. M. , Czermainski A. B. C. , Massola N. S.
Published: October 2007

This study compared different temperatures and dormancy‐reversion procedures for preservation of Phakopsora pachyrhizi uredospores. The storage temperatures tested were room temperature, 5°C, −20°C and −80°C. Dehydrated and non‐dehydrated uredospores were used, and evaluations for germination (%) and infectivity (no. of lesions/cm2) were made with fresh harvested spores and after 15, 29, 76, 154 and 231 days of storage. The dormancy‐reversion procedures evaluated were thermal shock (40°C/5 min) followed or not by hydration (moist chamber/24 h). Uredospores stored at room temperature were viable only up to a month of storage, regardless of their hydration condition. Survival of uredospores increased with storage at lower temperatures. Dehydration of uredospores prior to storage increased their viability, mainly for uredospores stored at 5°C, −20°C and −80°C. At 5°C and −20°C, dehydrated uredospores showed increases in viability of at least 47 and 127 days, respectively, compared to non‐dehydrated spores. Uredospore germination and infectivity after storage for 231 days (7.7 months), could only be observed at −80°C, for both hydration conditions. At this storage temperature, dehydrated and non‐dehydrated uredospores exhibited 56 and 28% of germination at the end of the experiment, respectively. Storage at −80°C also maintained uredospore infectivity, based upon levels of infection frequency, for both hydration conditions. Among the dormancy‐reversion treatments applied to spores stored at −80°C, those involving hydration allowed recoveries of 85 to 92% of the initial germination.
Horse mackerel egg identification using DNA methodology
Authors: Karaiskou Nikoletta , Triantafyllidis Alexander , Alvarez Paula , Lopes Placida , Garcia‐Vazquez Eva , Triantaphyllidis Costas
Published: October 2007

Egg identification in plankton samples is usually needed for purposes of stock assessment. Until recently, only morphological characters were used for identifying the eggs of different fish species. Late developmental stages are easily distinguishable due to pigmentation as well as egg and oil globule size range. However, for early stages, these characteristics are difficult to be discriminated and may overlap with other species. European horse mackerel species (Trachurus trachurus, T. mediterraneus, T. picturatus) overlap significantly in their spawning areas in some European waters. Because of the fact that their eggs are morphologically similar, genetic methodologies are needed to identify eggs and larvae to species correctly. In the present study, formalin‐ and ethanol‐preserved eggs were tested to estimate the efficacy of genetic methodologies for species identification of eggs when different preservatives are used. A 370‐bp fragment of cytochrome b was successfully amplified followed by restriction fragment analysis with two restriction enzymes aiming to identify the eggs to species. Horse mackerel egg identification was accomplished with the maximum success in ethanol‐preserved eggs. However, it seems that various preservatives had different effects on the DNA quality of eggs as genetic identification was less successful in formalin‐preserved eggs. Preserving in ethanol a part of the eggs obtained in plankton surveys is suggested for purposes of accurate genetic identification, even if their morphological features are distorted in time.
Association between AFLP‐based genetic distance and hybrid performance in tropical maize
Authors: Kiula B. A. , Lyimo N. G. , Botha A.‐M.
Published: October 2007

Identifying the best inbred combinations for the development of commercial hybrid maize varieties remains the main challenge to maize breeders. The aim of this work was to study associations between the genetic distance (GD) of 21 inbreds and the corresponding F1 phenotypic data. Furthermore, the impact of grouping lines into genetically similar clusters was investigated. The 21 inbred lines were fingerprinted using amplified fragment length polymorphism markers. Parents and 210 F1 progeny were evaluated in the field. Joint data analysis mostly revealed a tighter association between GD and the F1 performance or mid parent heterosis in the intergroup than in the intragroup crosses. Despite these correlations, intergoup crosses should always be field‐tested before their release. Crosses showing low GD values should be discarded to avoid field‐testing costs. Better F1 hybrid performance predictions can be achieved by integrating molecular and F1 phenotypic data.
Mangankonzentrationen in Ovarien von Färsen gefüttert mit variierenden Manganmengen
Authors: Rasbech Von N. O.
Published: October 2007

Inhalt: Innerhalb einer Periode von 20–22 Wochen wurden 11 Färsen im Alter von 12–14 Monaten rnit einer Futterration gefüttert, die in bezug auf normalen Zuwachs suffizient war und die 20 p. p. m. Mn oder 148 mg Mn/Tag/Färse enthielt. Sämtliche Färsen zeigten schwache Brunstsymptome oder Anoestrus. Nach der Schlachtung wurde bei bi‐ovarialer Bestimmung der Mn‐Konzentrationen ein durchschnittlicher Gehalt von 1.02 p. p. m. Mn (Trockengewicht) in den Ovavien festgestellt. Die entsprechenden Mn‐Konzentrationen waren in Corpora lutea: 3.36, in Lebergewebe: 8.85 und in Haarproben: 3.35 p. p. m. Mit Ausnahme von Corpora lutea, wo die Mn‐Konzentration in der zweiten Hälfte der untersuchten Zyklusperiode etwas höher war, wurden nur geringe Unterschiede festgestellt. 6 andere Färsen im gleichen Alter und über 20–22 Wochen rnit derselben Grundfutterration gefüttert, bekamen darauf eine Mn‐Beigabe von 1300 mg/Tag/Färse. Beim Schlachten von 3 dieser Färsen nach 18‐tägiger Fütterung zeigten die Bestimmungen der Mn‐Konzentrationen in Gewebeund Haarproben steigende Werte in den Haarproben, während die Steigerung in Ovarien, Corpora lutea und Lebergewebe unbedeutend waren. Bei 3 der Farsen, die nach 25‐tägiger Fütterung rnit Mn‐Beigabe geschlachtet wurden, wurde eine erhebliche Steigerung in der Mn‐Konzentration sowohl in Ovarien und Corpora lutea als auch in Lebergewebe und Haarproben festgestellt. Der Mn‐Bedarf für die optimalen Reproduktionsfunktionen des Rindes wird diskutiert.
Beschreibung eines Verfahrens zum unbhtigen Transfer boviner Embryonen
Authors: Von Lampeter W. W. , Kruff B. , Rieger J. , Wagner H. G. , Ertel J.
Published: October 2007

Inhalt:

Der beschriebene Embryotransferset ermöglicht eine optimale Plazierung des Embryos in der Spitze des Uterushorns. Eine einmalige Injektion von 500 mg Proge‐steron in Üliger Lösung, ca. 2 Stunden vor dem Transfer, verbessert die Trächtigkeits‐rate. Die erzielte Trächtigkeitsrate beträgt 59 % (31 Trächtigkeiten aus 50 Transfers). Der Transfer kann von Besamungstechnikern nach kurrer Einarbeitungszeit durch‐geführt werden.
Einfluß wiederholter Hodenbiopsien auf die postnatale Entwicklung des Rinderhodens
Authors: Fischerleitner Von F. , Sinowatz F. , Möstl E.
Published: October 2007

Inhalt

Von 44 Mutterschafen mit heterozygoter, autosomaler, interchromosomaler, balancierter Translokation 2n=54 XX t (1p‐;20q+) wurden während 147 Brunstzyklen innerhalb von 3 Jahren 2mal wöchentlich Blutproben entnommen. Gedeckte Muttertiere mit ansteigendem α‐Fetoproteingehalt (AFP) im Serum sind als tragend anzusehen. Es wurden 58% sterile Zyklen und 41,71% fertile Zyklen beobachtet, während nur 17,4% Lämmer geboren wurden. Das Auftreten von fertilen Zyklen, die Resorption von Zygoten mit unbalanciertem Karyotyp und die verlängerten Zyklen der heterozygoten Mutterschafe mit Chromosomentranslokation wird diskutiert.

Contents: Fetoprotein evaluation in ewes with heterozygous translocation

During 147 heat cycles within 3 years we took venous blood from 44 ewes with heterozygous, autosomal, interchromosomal balanced translocation 2n = 54 XX t (1p‐;20q+). Mated ewes with an increase of α‐Fetoprotein in the serum are pregnant. We observed 58% sterile heat cycles and 41,7% fertile heat cycles; whereas only 17,4% lambs were born. The appearance of fertile cycles, the resorption of cygotes with unbalanced karyotypes and the prolonged cycles of heterorygous ewes with chromosome translocation are in discussion.

Wir danken der DFG für die finanzielle Unterstutzung dieser Arbeit.
Überprüfung der Anwendbarkeit eines Mikrotiter‐Enzymimmuntests für Nachgemelk zur Fruchtbarkeitsanalyse bei der Kuh
Authors: Claus Von R. , Münster E. , Dehnhard M.
Published: October 2007

Inhalt

Ein kommerziell verfügbarer Milchprogesterontest auf Mikrotiterplatten wurde auf seine Zuverlässigkeitskriterien für die Anwendung zur Fruchtbarkeitsanalyse bei der Milchkuh überprüft und Grenzwerte für Messungen im Nachgemelk durch Vergleich mit dem Milchfett‐RIA erstellt. Im Mikrotitertest liefern Nachgemelksproben, die auch tiefgefroren werden können, zuverlässige Meβwerte für die Probenahmetage 0,6 und 21. Als Empfindlichkeitsgrenze wurden 2 pg pro Messung ermittelt, die Variationskoeffizienten liegen für die Inter‐Assay‐Varianz zwischen 11 und 14%, für die IntraAssay‐Varianz zwischen 12 und 17% und für die Genauigkeit zwischen 12 und 17%. Der Vergleich des Mikrotitertests, der in weniger als 3 Stunden durchführbar ist, mit dem radioimmunologischen Verfahren ergab für Proben vom Tag 0, Tag 6 und Tag 21 folgende Grenzwerte (Sollwerte): Tag 0 < 2 ng Progesteron/ml Milch, Tag 6 > 2 ng Progesteron/lml Milch, Tag 21 >10 ng Progesteron/ml Milch. Das Meβuerfahren kommt somit für einen Praxiseinsatz in derentralen Labors sehr wohl in Frage, kann jedoch für spezietle Fragestellungen Präzisionsuerfahren in Zentrallabors nicht ersetzen.

Contents: Evaluation of the reliability criteria of a Microtitre‐Enzymeimmunoassay in strippings for fertility screening in the dairy cow

The reliability criteria of a commercially available Milkprogesterone assay using microtitre plates were established and the applicability (including discriminatory levels) for fertility screening in strippings of the dairy cow was investigated. The sensitivity was found to be 2 pg/well and the following coefficients of variation were calculated: Interassay‐variation (11–14%), intra‐assay‐variation (12–17%) and accuracy (12–17%). The assay is performed in less than three hours and provides reliable values to differentiate between samples from days 0 (AI), 6 and 21. The discriminatory levels are < 2 ng/ml milk (day 0), > 2 ng/ml (day 6) and > 10 ng/ml (day 21).
Development of a Microtitreplate ‐ Enzymeimmunoassay for Progesterone Determination in Pig Blood Plasma and its Validation and Comparison to Radioimmunological Methods for Progesterone Determination
Authors: Claus Von R. , Münster E. , Heinzmann B.
Published: October 2007

Contents

A direct enzymeimmunoassay using microtitreplates (MTA) was adapted for progesterone determination in blood plasma of sows. Progesterone‐11a‐hemisuccinate‐horseradishperoxidase was used as the enzyme tracer and 3,3′, 5,5′‐tetramethylbenzidine as the substrate. The reliability criteria of this method were compared to radioimmunological determinations with (extraction‐RIA) or without (direct‐RIA) extraction with organic solvents. The lower limit of sensitivity of the MTA (2 pglwell = 0.4 ng/ml blood plasma) is comparable to those determined by the RIAs. For the MTA the intra‐assay variation was 11–13% (n = 10) and the inter‐assay variation was 11–18% (n = 5). These coefficients are slightly higher than those of the RIAs. The progesterone concentrations in blood plasma of a sow during the oestrous cycle were determined by the three methods and the estimations were highly correlated (aoerage coefficient of correlation: r = 0.975). The reliability and rapid performance of the MTA (within three hours) makes it a highly practicable method for routine progesterone determination in pig blood plasma.

Inhalt: Aufbau eines Mikrotiterenzymimmunotests zur Progesteronbestimmung im Blutplasma des Schweins und Vergleich der Zuverlässigkeitskriterien mit denen radio‐immunologischer Methoden

Für die Progesteronbestimmung im Blutplasma des Schweins wurde ein Enzymimmunotest auf Mikrotiterplatten (MTA) eingerichtet. In einem homologen System wurde bogesteron‐11a‐Hemisuccinat‐Meerrettichperoxidase und 3,3′, 5,5′‐Tetramethylbenzidin als Substrat verwendet. Die Zuverlässigkeit wurde zunächst durch Messungen im Blutplasma einer zyklischen Sau im Vergleich mit einem radioimmunologischen Verfahren mit bzw. ohne Extraktion bestimmt. Der durchschnittliche Korrelationskoeffizient lag bei 0.975. Die Empfindlichkeit ist für die drei Meβverfahren vergleichbar und liegt für den MTA bei 2 pg pro Messung (0.4 ng/ml Blutplasma). Die Variationskoeffizienten lagen für die Intra‐Assay‐ Varianz zwischen 11% und 13% (n = 10), für die Inter‐Assay‐ Varianz zwischen 11% und 18% (n=5). Aufgrund der raschen Durchführbarkeit innerhalb von drei Stunden und der dargestellten Qualitätskriterien ist der MTA für die routinemäβige Progesteronbestimmung im Blutplasma des Schweins geeignet.
Fetoproteinbestimmung bei Schafen mit heterozygoter Translokation
Authors: Glahn‐Luft Von B. , Waßmuth R.
Published: October 2007

Inhalt Von 44 Mutterschafen mit heterozygoter, autosomaler, interchromosomaler, balancierter Translokation 2n = 54 XX t (1p‐;20q+) wurden während 147 Brunstzyklen innerhalb von 3 Jahren 2mal wöchentlich Blutproben entnommen. Gedeckte Muttertiere mit ansteigendem α‐Fetoproteingehalt (AFP) im Serum sind als tragend anzusehen. Es wurden 58% sterile Zyklen und 41,71% fertile Zyklen beobachtet, während nur 17,4% Lämmer geboren wurden. Das Auftreten von fertilen Zyklen, die Resorption von Zygoten mit unbalanciertem Karyotyp und die verlängerten Zyklen der heterozygoten Mutterschafe mit Chromosomentranslokation wird diskutiert.

Contents: Fetoprotein evaluation in ewes with heterozygous translocation During 147 heat cycles within 3 years we took venous blood from 44 ewes with heterozygous, autosomal, interchromosomal balanced translocation 2n = 54 XX t (1p‐;20q+). Mated ewes with an increase of α‐Fetoprotein in the serum are pregnant. We observed 58% sterile heat cycles and 41,7% fertile heat cycles; whereas only 17,4% lambs were born. The appearance of fertile cycles, the resorption of cygotes with unbalanced karyotypes and the prolonged cycles of heterorygous ewes with chromosome translocation are in discussion.
The Use of a Monoclonal PMSG Antibody in Cows Superovulated with PMSG
Authors: Moyaert I. , Bouters R. , Schönherr O.T. , Wilderbeek A.T.M. , Coert A. , Coryn M. , Vandeplassche M.
Published: October 2007

Contents A monoclonal PMSG antibody has been injected on the first day of standing heat in 15 superovulated cows (3 000 I.U. PMSG on day 10, 37.5 mg PGF2α on day 12). The treatment gave comparable results as when a PMSG antiserum raised in sheep was used i.e. a decreased number of unruptured follicles, a shorter external heat with less inseminations to be performed and a sharp decline of circulating oestrogens to basic levels shortly after administration of the antiserum.
Bestimmung der osmotischen Resistenz von Eberspermien und deren Beziehungen zur Konservierungsfähigkeit von Samenproben
Authors: Schilling Von E. , Vengust M.
Published: October 2007

Inhalt An 34 Besamungsebern rnit insgesamt 482 Ejakulaten wurde das osmotische Verhalten der Samenzellen in Verdünnern mit unterschiedlichen Osmolalitäten (von 150 bis 500 mosm/kg) untersucht. Beurteilungskriterium war die Feststellung des %‐Anteils von Spermien mit normalem akrosomalen Rand (NAR) nach Inkubation von 0,2 ml Nativsperma in 3 ml der osmotischen Testlösungen bei 39 °C für 15 und 120 Minuten. Bereits nach 15 Minuten Inkubationszeit, deutlicher aber nach 120 Minuten, war in den nicht isotonen Testlösungen ein quantifizierbarer Rückgang im NAR erfolgt. Die Unterschiede zwischen Ejakulaten und zwischen Ebern waren groβ, innerhalb von Ebern klein. Es bestanden enge und signifikante Korrelationen zwischen dem Rückgang in den NAR‐Werten bei 150 und 500 mosm/kg und den NAR‐Werten in konservierten Samenproben nach Auftauen oder 3täpger Lagerung. Noch engere Beziehungen ergabensich durch Berechnung eines osmotischen Resistenzwertes (ORT‐Wert), der definiert wurde als

ORT = 1 /2 [NAR in isotonem Medium/nach 15 minuten +% NAR bei 150 od. 500 mosm/kg/nach 15 oder 120 Minuten

Der hypotone ORT‐Wert für 120 Minuten ist der genaueste. Die hypotonen ORT‐Werte (für 120 Minuten) variierten zwischen Ebern von 44–76 mit kleiner Variabilität innerhalb von Ebern. Die Unterschiede in den ORT‐Werten zwischen Ejakulaten aller 34 untersuchten Eber waren gröβer, mit Einzelwerten zwischen 34–83. Eine Gruppierung der Eber nach ihren ORT‐Werten in “gute”, “mittlere” und “schlechte” entsprach weitgehend einer Gruppierung dieser Eber nach der Spermienqualität in ihren konservierten Samenproben. Auch eine Klassifizierung der ORT‐Werte von Ejakulaten in “gute”, “mittlere” und “schlechte” ergab eine weitgehend zuverlässige Einstufung der Ejakulate nach ihrer Konservierungsfähigkeit. Zwischen ORT‐Werten und der Motilität von Spermien in konservierten Samenproben bestanden ebenfalls signifikante Korrelationen. Der osmotische Resistenztest scheint für die Auswahl geeigneter Samenspender zur Tiefgefrierung oder Langzeitlagerung in der Besamungspraxis ein geeignetes Beurteilungsverfahren. Auch die Brauchbarkeit von Konservierungsmethoden kann daran überprüft werden. Seine Anwendbarkeit ist jedoch noch weiter zu prüfen, und auch die möglichen Beziehungen zur Befruchtungsfähigkeit sind zu ermitteln.
Die Wirkung verschiedener intravaginaler Implantate auf das Scheidenmilieu beim Schaf
Authors: Von Branscheid W. , Libal U. , Holtz W.
Published: October 2007

Inhalt An 15 Schafen der Rasse verbessertes Leineschaf wird die Wirkung von intravaginal zur Zyklussteuerung verabreichten und mit Gestagenen getränkten Schwämmen und Spiralen histologisch untersucht. Die Scheidenschwämme erzeugen vor allem aufgrund ihrer ungünstigen Mikrostruktur eine ständig wachgehaltene chronische Entzündung. In allen Fällen sind tief in die Schleimhaut eingewachsene Schwammpartikel nachruweisen. Die ungünstige Veränderung des Scheidenmilieus wird am massiven Bewuchs mit Gram‐positiven Bakterien dargestellt. Demgegenüber sind die Veränderungen durch die Spiralen gering und beschränken sich weitgehend auf proliferative und reparative Vorgänge. Der vergleichsweise günstige Effekt der Spiralen beruht darauf, daβ ihre Oberfläche sich dent Scheidenepithel gegenüber inert verhält und daβ sie den Selbstreinigungsmechanismus der Scheide nicht behindern. Wir schlieβen daraus, daβ Spiralen den Schwämmen für die intravaginale Implantation vorzuziehen sind.
Concentrations of Oestrone and Oestradiol‐l 7β in the Peripheral Plasma of the Nanny Goat during the Oestrous Cycle, Gestation and Puerperium
Authors: Meinecke‐Tillrnann Sabine , Gips H. , Meinecke B. , Finkenberg A.
Published: October 2007

Contents:

The changes in the plasma levels of oestrone sulphate and oestradiol‐17β during the oestrous cycle, gestation and puerperium in the goat are described. The oestrone sulphate concentrations remained fairly constant (250–350 pg/ml) throughout the oestrous cycle until day 20 when a sharp increase of the oestrone sulphate plasma levels occurred in pregnant goats which became significantly different at day 38 of gestation from nonpregnant values. Oestradiol‐17β plasma levels were significantly lower at days 17–20 in pregnant than in nonpregnant does. Oestrone sulphate and oestradiol‐17β concentrations rose until the 12th week of gestation and then declined to about 50% of the former ranges of concentrations before rising again to high values at weeks 17–20 of gestation. Increasing plasma levels of oestrone sulphate and oestradiol‐17β were determined during the last ten days preceding parturition. The concentrations of oestrone sulphate returned to basal levels by the 2nd—4th day post partum whereas oestradiol‐17β values reached base values 24 hours after parturition. Both oestrogen concentrations remained constant during the puerperium until day 51 post partum.
Effect of caffeine on metabolic activity of ejaculated and epididymal spermatozoa of buffalo (Bubalus bubalis)
Authors: El‐Menoufy A.A. , Seida A.A. , Fattouh El‐S.M. , Abou‐Ahmed M.M.
Published: October 2007

Contents:

Split fractions of 25 ejaculated semen samples and spermatozoa from 5 caudae epididymides were used to study the effect of different levels of caffeine on the motility and fructolytic activity. During the first hour of incubation at 37°C, addition of caffeine to unwashed ejaculated buffalo sperm significantly increased the percentage of motility and amount of fructose utilized. In presence of 2–8 mM caffeine, sperm maintained their initial motility at least 2 hours at 37°C. Maximal stimulation of fructolytic activity was obtained with 2 mM whereas the minimal stimulation was found with higher concentration of 8–10 mM caffeine. Compared to ejaculated spermatozoa, epididymal sperm appeared to be more influenced by caffeine. Fructolytic activity was stimulated at least 1.5 times in the presence of 2 mM caffeine. Nearly during all incubation periods, the amounts of fructose utilized by caffeine‐treated sperm were greater than in control samples. Data on epididymal sperm motility demonstrated that caffeine (2–10 mM) significantly stimulated and maintained the initial motility at least 3 hours at 37°C.
Vorschläge zur Berichtigung und Präzisierung der Transfer‐Nomenklatur
Authors: Wißdorf H. , Baumgarten H.
Published: October 2007

Inhalt: 1. Der Begriff Zygote ist identisch mit Spermovium und darf deshalb nur vor der Teilung in Blastomeren benutzt werden. 2. Die Zellzahl für den Terminus Morula ist nicht exakt festgelegt, deshalb wird vorgeschlagen, vom 2‐Zellstadium an vom 21‐Sphaeridion zu sprechen. Weitere Teilungsschritte werden durch Exponentenschreibweise dargestellt, z.B. 21+ 1‐Sphaeridion. 3. Die Entwicklungsstadien der Blastozyste werden exakt in primäre, sekundäre und tertiäre Blastozyste unterteilt. 4. Der Ausdruck Embryotransfer ist falsch, da nicht nur das Ausgangsmaterial für den Embryo, sondern auch das für seine Hüllen übertragen wird. Außerdem stellt das Übertragungsmaterial keinen Embryo dar, denn es fehlen noch die typischen Primitivorgane. Es wird vorgeschlagen, für alle Entwicklungsstadien, die transferiert werden, Germiopla‐centtransfer (G.T.) zu benutzen, was besagt, daß das Material für den Keimling und die Placenta fetalis transferiert wird.