bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Plano de gerenciamento de resíduos sólidos para uma indústria de cerâmica vermelha
Authors: Oliveira Erlan Freires de , Lopes Ismael Keslley Carloto , Oliveira Esdras Alex Freire de , Bezerra Alex Jussileno Viana
Published: November 2019

A produção desenfreada e diversificada dos resíduos sólidos se tornou nas últimas décadas um grave e complexo problema ambiental, em virtude do mau gerenciamento que atualmente vem sendo empregado a esses resíduos. Em vista a essa problematização, este trabalho teve como objetivo propor um Plano de Gerenciamento dos Resíduos Sólidos - PGRS para uma indústria de cerâmica vermelha, localizada na microrregião do Cariri cearense. No desenvolvimento dessa pesquisa considerou-se uma abordagem quali-quantitativa e exploratória para avaliação dos dados que subsidiaram esse estudo. Inicialmente foi realizada uma revisão na literatura vigente sobre o assunto inerente a pesquisa, bem como os aspectos contidos em normas e leis referentes à preservação ambiental. Após a avaliação, constatou-se a inexistência de um plano de gerenciamento de resíduos sólidos na fábrica e que a mesma realiza a destinação inadequada desses materiais. Nota-se que a principal fonte geradora de resíduos nessa indústria são as perdas de blocos oriundas na etapa pós-queima (cerca de 168.000 kg/mensais no período de estiagem) e também o excesso de cinzas (1200 kg/mensais). Por fim, foi efetuada a elaboração da proposta do plano de gerenciamento dos resíduos sólidos para a referida indústria.
Estudo de dimensionamento de pavimento flexível da avenida principal de acesso ao parque industrial de Porto Nacional/TO
Authors: Santos Max Rodrigo Brito dos , Silva Júnior Flávio Vieira da , Mendes Alesi Teixeira
Published: November 2019

A implantação de indústrias de tecnologia de ponta demanda uma infraestrutura de qualidade, que proporcione um sistema logístico de transportes que garanta as condições necessárias de escoamento de tráfego. O estímulo às instalações de grandes empreendimentos, tem sua atratividade impulsionada, não apenas pelas políticas de incentivos fiscais, mas também pela localização estratégica, atrelada a uma estrutura eficiente, que garanta uma qualidade de escoamento de matéria-prima e/ou produto final. No Brasil o principal modo de transportes de cargas e passageiros é o rodoviário, com isso, é imprescindível que o projeto, bem como a execução dos pavimentos, seja realizado com estudos e técnicas adequadas. Os pavimentos flexíveis, possuem requisitos técnicos que precisam ser atendidos para a sua eficácia. Este estudo tem como objetivo principal, realizar um estudo de adequação sobre a infraestrutura do Parque Industrial de Porto Nacional/TO, onde, pretende-se fazer o levantamento do tráfego e propor o dimensionamento do pavimento para a Avenida Principal, que por sua vez não é asfaltada em conformidade ao tráfego ocasionado pelo escoamento de produtos e comodities, oriundos de empreendimentos locais.
Forced Edges and Graph Structure
Authors: Cloteaux Brian
Published: November 2019

For a degree sequence, we define the set of edges that appear in every labeled
realization of that sequence as forced, while the edges that appear in none are
define as forbidden. We examine the structure of graphs in which the degree
sequences contain either forced or forbidden edges. The results include the
determination of the structure of the forced or forbidden edge sets, the
relationship between the sizes of forced and forbidden sets for a sequence, and the
structural consequences to their realizations. This includes showing that the
diameter of every realization of a degree sequence containing forced or forbidden
edges is no greater than 3, and that these graphs are maximally
edge-connected.
Process Monitoring Dataset from the Additive Manufacturing Metrology Testbed
(AMMT): “Three-Dimensional Scan Strategies”
Authors: Lane Brandon , Yeung Ho
Published: November 2019

This document provides details on the files available in the dataset
"20180708-HY-3D Scan Strategies" pertaining to a 3D additive manufacturing build
performed on the Additive Manufacturing Metrology Testbed (AMMT)by Ho Yeung on July
8, 2018. The files include the input command files and in-situ process monitoring
data, and metadata. This data is the first of future planned "AMMT Process
Monitoring Reference Datasets," as part of the Metrology for Real-Time Monitoring of
Additive Manufacturing project.
Revisiting “Speak White”: A lieu de mémoire Lost and Found in Translation
Authors: Ruschiensky Carmen
Published: November 2019

This article traces the afterlives of Michèle Lalonde’s 1968 poem “Speak White” to explore how translation contributes to constructing, renewing and transforming it as alieu de mémoirethrough various transformative processes. The term “translation” here designates a phenomenon that includes but extends beyond the concept of translation as linguistic transfer to encompass different forms of rewriting, adaptation and remediation, foregrounding the generative aspect of the memory site as well as the tension between past and present, between alieu de départand its reinscription in a new context. Specifically, it focuses on two English translations of “Speak White” that attempt to reconstruct the poem’s subversive diglossia; Marco Micone’s 1989 poem “Speak What,” as a rewriting that takes the form of serious parody; two adaptations produced during the 2012 Quebec Student Strike, “Speak Red” and “Speak rich en tabarnaque”; and the latest incarnation of “Speak White” in Robert Lepage’s887, a theatrical production that introduces its own layers of intertemporal, intermedial and interlingual complexity. These recreations of “Speak White” reveal how alieu de mémoirecan be simultaneously anchored or re-anchored in the past while also being renewed or rerouted through translation in the present across languages, cultures, media and time.
Diaspora as a Distinct Site of Translational Activity: The Case of U.S. Immigrant Newspapers, 1917-1941
Authors: Baer Brian James , Pokorn1 Nike K.
Published: November 2019

This article argues for the study of translation in U.S. immigrant newspapers, a distinct intercultural context largely ignored in Translation Studies research. The article outlines methodological approaches for the study of translation in immigrant periodicals with the aim of identifying the various roles played by translation in diasporic communities. Based on approaches and methods developed in the field of Translation Studies for researching translation in newspapers, the analysis focuses on the (in)visibility of the translations, the direction of translation flows, and the domain of the translated texts. These categories contribute to our understanding of diaspora as a distinct site of translational activity, through which immigrant identities are constructed and relationships between the immigrant community and the dominant culture, between the immigrant community and its native language and culture, and between different generations within the immigrant community, are negotiated. Preliminary research of two immigrant foreign-language newspapers published in the U.S. in the interwar period, the SlovenianProsveta, and the RussianNovoe Russkoe Slovo, has documented a consistent presence of translations. The results suggest that translation in these two newspapers was deployed to different ends, reflecting the divergent political orientations of the newspapers and the distinct make-up of these immigrant communities. The study also reveals translation to be a tool of government surveillance.
Diseño de la interfaz de un software de gestión del color para la industria cerámica
Authors: Luque Joaquin
Published: November 2019

El objetivo de este TFG ha sido el desarrollo gráfico de una interfaz de un software de gestión del color para la decoración con Inkjet en la industria cerámica. Este trabajo, forma parte de un proyecto real, que ha consistido en la programación de todo el paquete de software completo, denominado Krome Ceramics.
El guión audiovisual (parte 3): Unidad y paradojas
Authors: Plana Marc
Published: November 2019

Todo documento audiovisual sigue un criterio compositivo. Dentro del proceso del audiovisual, todos los proyectos pasan por un momento en el cual el material audiovisual se imagina, se graba o se dispone de una manera determinada (y no de otra) en función del sentido que ha decidido el creador o los creadores. Tercera entrega de este artículo de Marc Plana donde nos habla de formatos y paradojas del guión.
Genome-wide CRISPR screening reveals genetic modifiers of mutant EGFR dependence in human NSCLC
Authors: Zeng Hao , Castillo-Cabrera Johnny , Manser Mika , Lu Bo , Yang Zinger , Strande Vaik , Begue Damien , Zamponi Raffaella , Qiu Shumei , Sigoillot Frederic , Wang Qiong , Lindeman Alicia , Reece-Hoyes John S , Russ Carsten , Bonenfant Debora , Jiang Xiaomo , Wang Youzhen , Cong Feng
Published: November 2019

EGFR-mutant NSCLCs frequently respond to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). However, the responses are not durable, and the magnitude of tumor regression is variable, suggesting the existence of genetic modifiers of EGFR dependency. Here, we applied a genome-wide CRISPR-Cas9 screening to identify genetic determinants of EGFR TKI sensitivity and uncovered putative candidates. We show that knockout of RIC8A, essential for G-alpha protein activation, enhanced EGFR TKI-induced cell death. Mechanistically, we demonstrate that RIC8A is a positive regulator of YAP signaling, activation of which rescued the EGFR TKI sensitizing phenotype resulting from RIC8A knockout. We also show that knockout of ARIH2, or other components in the Cullin-5 E3 complex, conferred resistance to EGFR inhibition, in part by promoting nascent protein synthesis through METAP2. Together, these data uncover a spectrum of previously unidentified regulators of EGFR TKI sensitivity in EGFR-mutant human NSCLC, providing insights into the heterogeneity of EGFR TKI treatment responses.
Thermophysical properties of the parylene C dimer under vacuum
Authors: Yamada Monamie , Koshiba Yasuko , Horike Shohei , Fukushima Tatsuya , Ishida Kenji
Published: November 2019

Herein, we report the thermophysical properties of dichloro-[2,2]-paracyclophane (the parylene C dimer) under vacuum. The parylene C dimer is the raw material used to prepare parylene C, a thin film known for its useful dielectric and barrier properties. In order to investigate the first step in the synthesis of parylene C by chemical vapor deposition, the sublimation, evaporation, and melting behavior of the parylene C dimer was examined by simultaneous thermogravimetry/differential thermal analysis (TG–DTA) under vacuum and at atmospheric pressure. The evaporation onset temperatures, saturation vapor pressures, and the phase-transition temperatures of the parylene C dimer were quantified by TG–DTA at various pressures. The evaporation and sublimation temperature easily decreased by increasing the level of vacuum, while the melting temperature was independent of the external pressure. Our results led to the construction of a pressure–temperature phase diagram.
A comparative analysis of limitations in administrative appeals in Europe: the case of Poland and Slovakia
Authors: Piątek  , Horvat Matej
Published: November 2019

The article focuses on the issue of administrative appeals and possible limitations in Poland and in Slovakia. The authors provide information on the efficiency requirements in administrative remedies and on the nature of administrative appeal. All these aspects are subsequently examined
from a comparative perspective. The aim of the research is to analyse existing limitations in appeal systems and their impact on parties' rights and the efficiency of proceedings. These limitations discussed in appeals procedure are divided into three stages: at the initiation stage, in the
course of the proceeding and at the termination stage. They further present other proposals for limitations to administrative appeals which have been taken into consideration in Polish and Slovak scholarship.
Public Enforcement of EU Antitrust Law: A Circle of Trust?
Authors: Dzino Naida , Rusu Catalin S.
Published: November 2019

The concept of trust is key to effectively enforcing the EU antitrust prohibitions in the ECN multi-level administration context. The manifestation of this concept is identified at different stages of the public enforcement system, where the Commission and the NCAs share the enforcement
workload and assist each other's actions. Various EU legislative, soft-law and case-law landmarks have progressively contributed to developing this idea of trust, culminating with the adoption of Directive 2019/1, which aims to render NCAs as more effective enforcers of Articles 101 and 102
TFEU. In this paper, we intend to determine whether the Directive furthers the trust already established in the last fifteen years of enforcement experience. We first track the development of the trust in the NCAs' EU antitrust enforcement work and assesses the building-blocks on which trust
is shaped. Next, we evaluate the Directive's core elements (dealing with institutional design, enforcement and sanctioning powers, leniency, mutual assistance, etc.), in order to gauge their trust-enhancing potential, and to test whether the Directive correctly follows through the EU hard-,
soft-, and case-law. We also look into any remaining enforcement gaps, which may undermine the trust between the European antitrust enforcers, and consequently the Directive's core objectives.
Sobre la (hiper)extranjerización de configuraciones grafémicas
Authors:   Universidad Nacional del Sur (Argentina), Hipperdinger Yolanda
Published: November 2019

Nos ocupamos en este artículo de una escritura no normativa de palabras españolas que involucra convenciones exógenas, distinguiéndola de una intervención que puede considerarse similar, por cuanto genera igualmente alternantes que se separan de la norma correspondiente haciendo uso de convenciones no españolas, pero para la escritura de palabras reconocidas como importaciones de otras lenguas. Sobre datos del ámbito comercial, obtenidos en el área dialectal bonaerense del español de la Argentina, comparamos la procedencia de los recursos empleados en la escritura extranjerizadora de palabras españolas y en las configuraciones hiperextranjerizadas, verificando una disparidad que ratifica la caracterización que ensayamos para ambos tipos de intervención
Sobre la cuestión de la clasificación del léxico onomatopéyico de la lengua francesa
Authors:   Kazan Federal University (Russian), Vassilieva Valentina N. , Bairamova Luiza K. ,   Kazan Federal University (Russian), Ostroumova Olga F. ,   Kazan Federal University (Russian)
Published: November 2019

En este artículo se examina el estatus del léxico onomatopéyico de la lengua francesa. Su objetivo es analizar las características distintivas de las onomatopeyas y las interjecciones, así como los enfoques para clasificar el léxico onomatopéyico según el origen de los sonidos o según principios ortográficos. Los autores proponen clasificar el léxico onomatopéyico considerando su productividad, basada en el estudio de las onomatopeyas, dependiendo de si son sonidos producidos por el cuerpo humano, animales domésticos o salvajes, aves, insectos, la naturaleza, electrodomésticos u otros aparatos eléctricos, o sonidos de la vida cotidiana.
Isotherm Studies of the Biosorption of Pb (II) and Cu (II) Using Chicken Feather
Authors: Abdulwasiu Olawale Salaudeen , Wosilat Funke Abdulrahman , Haruna Dede Aliyu , Habeeb Abudukadiri
Published: November 2019

This study was carried out to examine the adsorption isotherm (Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin, and Dubinin Radushkevich adsorption isotherm) of Pb(II) and Cu(II) in order to determine the  maximum adsorption capacity of chicken feather, CF. Equilibrium sorption of Pb(II) and Cu(II) using homogeneously sized Chicken Feather (CF) was carried out and the physico-chemical properties of the feathers were determined. Results revealed that the maximum biosorption capacity of Pb(II) and Cu(II) by the chicken feather from Langmuir isotherm model were 79.36 and 61.92 mg/g respectively. Separation factor RL were 0.195 and 0.018 indicating a favourable adsorption process. Mean free energy (E) from Dubinin Radushkevich isotherm model were 1.291 and 0.102 KJ/mol for Pb(II) and Cu(II) respectively, indicating a physical adsorption process. Negative standard Gibbs free energy (ΔG) obtained indicated that the Pb(II) biosorption process was spontaneous and thermodynamically feasible.
Principal Component Analysis of Nigerian Economy from 2006 – 2017
Authors: Adams Samuel Olorunfemi , Bamanga Muhammad Ardo , Mbusube Amina
Published: November 2019

The economy of a developing country like Nigeria depends mainly on crude oil exploration, currently other economic factors such as Agriculture, Industrialization, Manufacturing, other available mineral resources e.t.c., are not properly harnessed to improve the country’s GDP. A detailed study of the effect of ten economic factors of Nigeria’s economy was investigated and Principal Component Analysis was employed to explain the relationship, distribution and effect of the factors among the various sectors of Nigeria. It was discovered that a strong positive significant association existed between building and manufacturing, construction, wholesale and retail, transportation, communication, utilities, real estate and community social services, while a negative relationship existed between cruel oil and Agriculture. The component with the highest effect on the Nigerian economy was Agriculture, followed by crude oil and manufacturing/industrialization. The PCA has suggested retaining two components i.e. Agriculture and cruel oil. It was recommended that Nigeria Government should consider Agriculture first as the major economic factor before cruel oil and natural Gas.
Prevalence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Its Rifampicin Resistance among Patients Attending General Hospital Mararaba as a Case Study
Authors: Ajide B. A. , Igbabul M. M. , Kanyi O. I.
Published: November 2019

Aims: To determine the prevalence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and its Rifampicin resistance among patients attending General Hospital, Mararaba.

Study Design: This was a descriptive health-based research that involved clinically suspected tuberculosis patients whose sputum samples were referred to General Hospital Mararaba for diagnosis.

Place and Duration of Study: Department of tuberculosis, General Hospital Mararaba Nasarawa state between May to July 2019.

Methodology: A total of 100 suspected TB patients of both male and female were included in the study. Two sputum samples from each patient were collected from these patients with sputum containers and samples were processed under level 3 biosafety cabinet by mixing with the reagent that was provided with the assay following manufacturer’s manual and thereafter, the cartridge containing this mixture was placed in the Gene Xpert machine. The processing of the sample is fully automated and takes less than two hours.

Results: An overall prevalence of 21.5% was recorded for Mycobacterium tuberculosis with a rifampicin resistance rate of 65.11% among positive patients. The highest prevalence of infection was observed among the age group of above 40 years (40.0%), males (23.9%), self-employed people (25.6%), those living in a rural environment (31.8%) and those with informal education (35.7%). There was no statistically significant relationship between the prevalence of MTB to sex, marital status, education, employment and ethnicity (P>0.05). Environment factor was however significant (p<0.05). Highest frequency for rifampicin resistance was recorded in the age group 20-29(39.2%), (64.28%) in males, rural areas (57.14%), self-employed persons (57.14%) and single people (50.0%). Age about rifampicin resistance was significant (p<0.05) while sex, occupation, environment and rural areas were not significant (p>0.05).

Conclusion: It was concluded that Mycobacterium tuberculosis and its Rif-resistance amongst patients attending General Hospital, Mararaba is comparatively high and indicative of the rate at which tuberculosis and drug resistance is still resilient despite various methods put in place to control it.
THE INADMISSIBILITY OF EVIDENCE RELATING TO INTERCEPTED COMMUNICATIONS
Authors: Munday Roderick
Published: July 2002

THE White Queen, probably parodying Tertullian, boasted to Alice that she could sometimes believe as many as six impossible things before breakfast. Students of the law of evidence must occasionally perform similar feats.
THE HYPERELLIPTIC MAPPING CLASS GROUP OF KLEIN SURFACES
Authors: Bujalance E. , Costa A. F. , Gamboa J. M.
Published: July 2002

In this paper we study the algebraic structure of the hyperelliptic mapping class group of Klein surfaces, which is closely related to the mapping class group of punctured discs. This group plays an important role in the study of the moduli space of hyperelliptic real algebraic curves. Our main result provides a presentation by generators and relations for the hyperelliptic mapping class group of surfaces of prescribed topological type.

AMS 2000 Mathematics subject classification: Primary 14H10; 20H10; 30F50
Evolution of a lesser fitness trait: egg production in the
specialist Drosophila sechellia
Authors: R'KHA SAMIA , MORETEAU BRIGITTE , COYNE JERRY A. , DAVID JEAN R.
Published: July 2002

In the evolutionary process during which Drosophila sechellia
became specialized on a toxic fruit
(morinda), a spectacular decrease in female reproductive capacity took place
when compared with
the species' generalist relatives D. mauritiana and D.
simulans. Comparisons of species and
interspecific crosses showed that two different traits were modified: number
of ovarioles and rate
of egg production. During the conservation of a D. sechellia strain on
usual food, adaptation to
laboratory conditions led to an increase in the rate of oogenesis but not in
ovariole number.
Comparison of F1 and backcross progeny also suggests that the two
traits are determined by
different genes (ovariole number has already been shown to be polygenic). When
morinda is
available as a resource, the low rate of egg production in D. sechellia
is partly compensated by a
stimulating effect, while an inhibition occurs in D. simulans. It is
assumed that D. sechellia
progressively adapted itself from rotten, non-toxic morinda to a fresher and
more toxic resource.
During this process the rate of oogenesis evolved from an inhibition to a
stimulation by morinda.
Simultaneously a spectacular decrease in ovariole number took place, either as
a consequence of
stochastic events related to the small population size of D. sechellia
and a metapopulation
dynamics, or as an adaptive process favouring dispersal capacities of the
female.
Sex ratio distortion in bovine sperm correlates to
recombination in the pseudoautosomal region
Authors: SZYDA JOANNA , SIMIANER HENNER , LIEN SIGBJØRN
Published: July 2002

A total of 2122 single sperm from 35 bulls belonging to six different paternal half-sib groups were
analysed with respect to two markers in the bovine pseudoautosomal region (PAR) and sex-
specific loci on the X and Y chromosomes, respectively. A segregation ratio significantly different
from 1[ratio ]1 was observed in a test over all families, with a higher proportion of X-bearing gametes
(53·5%). The analysis of recombination conducted separately for X- and Y-bearing sperm showed
that X-bearing sperm cells possess highly significant individual and between-family variability in
recombination rate, whereas Y-bearing sperm show linkage homogeneity. To test whether the two
phenomena are related, different logistic regression models were fitted to the data. The results
show that sex ratio significantly correlates with changes in recombination rate among X-bearing
but not among Y-bearing sperm. Different hypotheses to explain these observations are discussed.
Biochronology of the autochthonous Lower Cambrian in the Laisvall–Storuman area, Swedish Caledonides
Authors: MOCZYDŁOWSKA M. , JENSEN S. , EBBESTAD J. O. R. , BUDD G. E. , MARTÍ-MUS M.
Published: July 2002

New records of phytoplankton (acritarchs), ichnofossils and olenellid trilobites have been
studied from the autochthonous upper Neoproterozoic–Lower Cambrian successions along the
Caledonian Thrust Front in the Laisvall–Storuman region of northern Sweden. The fossils are from a
newly examined natural outcrop at Bergmyrhobben near Lake Storuman, and from previously
described fossiliferous outcrops at Delliknäs and Mt. Assjatj, the Laisvall mine and the Maiva borehole
successions in the Laisvall area. Acritarch assemblages are recorded throughout the
Grammajukku Formation. They are age-diagnostic for the Skiagia–Fimbriaglomerella acritarch Zone,
time-equivalent to the Schmidtiellus mickwitzi trilobite Zone (the lower part of the formation), and the
Heliosphaeridium–Skiagia acritarch Zone corresponding to the Holmia kjerulfi trilobite Zone (the
upper part of the formation). The acritarch record from the Storuman area documents the presence of
strata contemporaneous to the Schmidtiellus mickwitzi Zone for the first time in the Scandinavian
Caledonides. This zone was previously only recognized in the platform regions of the Baltica palaeocontinent.
The ichnofossils from the upper Såvvovare Formation, including ?Harlaniella, Phycodes,
Gyrolithes and Palaeophycus ichnogenera, allowed the base of the Cambrian System to be determined
within the Maiva Member and the coeval Kautsky Ore Member in the subsurface successions, and to
attribute this part of the formation to the Lower Cambrian Platysolenites antiquissimus faunal Zone
of Baltica. The trilobite fauna from the Storuman area, attributed tentatively to Holmia sp., occurs at
the lowermost stratigraphic level among olenellids in the Caledonides. The range of this species, estimated
from the concurrent acritarch biostratigraphy, is within the Schmidtiellus mickwitzi Zone. The
stratigraphic significance of the acritarch assemblages and ichnofossils is analysed and the biochronology
of the Grammajukku Formation and the upper Såvvovare Formation is discussed in detail in the
context of Lower Cambrian zonation in Baltica.
The first record of Larix from the British Pleistocene
Authors: FIELD MICHAEL H. , GIBBARD P. L. , BRANDON A.
Published: July 2002

The first British Pleistocene record of Larix (Larch)
is

described from the Brays Pit near Mathon

in the English West Midlands. This new record is the most westerly from
the

European Pleistocene and is

also beyond the western limit of the distribution of any extant species
of

Larix within Europe. Today there

are no native species of Larix in the British Isles. The fossil

remains comprise of macrofossils and pollen,

which are not, however, well enough preserved to allow determination to

species level. The fluvial sediments

which yielded the fossils were probably deposited in the early Anglian

Stage or possibly during an earlier Pleistocene event.
Carbon isotope stratigraphy of dolomites in the

early Proterozoic succession, north China
Authors: HUA ZHONG , YONGSHENG MA
Published: July 2002

Four hundred and eighty-four whole rock dolomite samples from early

Proterozoic strata have

been analysed for carbon isotopes. The carbon isotope composition is

strata-specific, but abrupt variations

have been observed between the Jianancun and the Daguandong as well as
the

Daguandong and Huaiyincun

formations. The carbon isotope composition of dolomites is believed to

reflect δ13C of oceanic total

dissolved inorganic carbon during the early Proterozoic and reflect

changing rates of organic carbon burial.
MODERATE NATIONALISM AND THE
IRISH REVOLUTION, 1916–1923
Authors: BEW PAUL
Published: July 2002

This article reconstructs the constitutionalist nationalist critique of the Irish revolution.
It employs the writings of Stephen Gwynn, John Dillon, Jasper Tully, and others to illustrate the
views of those Irish parliamentarians who were marginalized by the emergence of Sinn Fein as the
dominant force in Irish political life after 1918. Stephen Gwynn, in particular, claimed that republican
violence could not militate against – indeed exacerbated – the damage done by the failure of the
constitutionalist nationalists to grasp the need for compromise over Ulster. Indeed, Gwynn argued that
the violence of the Collins era – which has been justified on counter intelligence and broader political
grounds – played a major role in shaping the sectarian institutions of the Northern Irish state.
Gwynn's reflections on the self-defeating aspects of the Collins strategy are linked to a wider
consideration of the role of the British government. This article attempts to qualify a scholarly
orthodoxy – that British policy in 1920–2, undoubtedly subject to fluctuations, was incoherent and
essentially reactive; instead, it argues that from the spring of 1920, Britain evolved a strategy,
dependent on a considerable degree of intelligence success, involving the application of a carrot and stick
policy designed to lead precisely to the Treaty compromise of 1921, but available much earlier to any
Sinn Fein leadership willing to take it.
KAMAL MATINUDDIN, The Taliban Phenomenon: Afghanistan 1994–1997 (Karachi: Oxford University Press, 1999). Pp. 306.
Authors: Ahady Anwar-ul-Haq
Published: July 2002

In his book, The Taliban Phenomenon, Kamal Matinuddin does not offer a central thesis regarding Afghan politics or the Taliban movement. Rather, he discusses a number of important questions pertaining to the Taliban movement. Since the rise of the Taliban, their identity has been disputed. The opponents of the Taliban claim that many members of the movement are natives of Pakistan. In contrast, the supporters of the Taliban assert that they are ethnic Afghans. Matinuddin's discussion of the origins of the Taliban addresses this controversy. According to Matinuddin, during the 1980s a large number of Islamic seminaries (d―in―i mad―aris) were established in Pakistan. The government of Pakistan and oil-rich Arab states paid for most of the expenses of these institutions. In 1997, about 220,000 students were enrolled in these seminaries. After the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan, a large number of young Afghan refugees registered in these institutions. When the Taliban movement began, not only Afghan students (Taliban) of these seminaries joined the movement, but Pakistani Taliban from these institutions also joined their Afghan colleagues in their efforts to take control of Afghanistan. Thus, according to Matinuddin, the Taliban movement is an Afghan phenomenon, but occasionally Pakistani Taliban help their Afghan colleagues in the battlefield. However, Pakistani Taliban do not take orders from the government of Pakistan.
AFTERWORD
Authors: BERRY SARA
Published: July 2002

The four papers in this collection bring a varied set of perspectives as well
as examples to bear on several common themes. The authors describe
continuities and changes in colonial policies toward Africans' access to and
use of land and natural resources and discuss some of the sources of
knowledge that informed colonial officials' thinking about African land use
practices. Implicitly if not directly, each poses the question of whether
colonial officials learned anything from their interactions with African
farmers and/or herders? By bringing together evidence from different
though overlapping periods of time (all of them cover the late 1940s and
1950s) and a variety of colonial contexts (colonies under French and British
rule, with and without European settlers), as a group these papers invite
reflection on the circumstances that led colonial officials to acknowledge, or
deny, that Africans might know something about their environments and
that such knowledge ought to inform the design of conservation and
development schemes.
Observations on two commercial flower mixtures as

food sources for beneficial insects in the UK
Authors: CARRECK N. L. , WILLIAMS I. H.
Published: July 2002

Observations were made in 1994 and 1995 in Hertfordshire of the
flowering

phenology and

attractiveness to beneficial insects of two commercial mixtures of flowering

plants intended for set-aside land. These were the Tübingen Mixture
from

Germany and Ascot Linde SN from the

Netherlands. The mixtures were visited by 14 species of Hymenoptera, 14
species

of syrphid Diptera

and six species of Lepidoptera. Although the mixtures contained 12 and
five

plant species respectively,

Phacelia tanacetifolia was the dominant species to establish,
flower

and attract insects in both

mixtures. The other plants contributed little to flower density or insect

diversity. These mixtures are

therefore not suitable for UK needs using the present proportions of

plant species.
Anatomy of capsule dehiscence in sesame varieties
Authors: DAY JAMIE S.
Published: July 2002

Seed loss from sesame capsules before harvest is a major economic problem for mechanized
production. Capsule dehiscence and seed loss were investigated by examining capsule anatomy of 32
sesame varieties and relating anatomical features to a measure of seed retention. This survey of
sesame capsule anatomy illustrated that differences between varieties were mostly quantitative, except
for the presence of cell layers over the median vascular bundle. This feature, associated with the
indehiscent (idid) genotype, prevented capsule-splitting and increased seed retention. None of the
dehiscent sesame varieties had capsule anatomical features that were correlated with seed retention.
During capsule senescence, mesocarp cells shrank more than endocarp cells creating tension in the
drying capsule wall. The tension forced capsules open along a zone of weakness between locules.
On-farm trials of the effect of introducing a summer
green manure of mungbean on the productivity of a
rice–wheat cropping system
Authors: SHARMA S. N. , PRASAD R. , SINGH S. , SINGH PANJAB
Published: July 2002

Fourteen field trials were conducted on farmers' fields in five villages of the Union Territory of Delhi,
India during 1995–96 and 1996–97 to study the effect of introducing a crop of summer mungbean on
the productivity of a rice–wheat cropping system. Timely sown summer mungbean yielded
0·4–1·3 t/ha protein-rich grain and, on average, increased rice yields by 0·5–0·9 t/ha and the yields of
the succeeding wheat by 0·4–0·7 t/ha. The yield response of rice to the summer mungbean crop was
greater when less urea-N fertilizer was applied, and N applied to the rice did not decrease the residual
effect of the summer mungbean on the succeeding wheat. The increase in total productivity of
rice–wheat cropping system due to summer mungbean ranged from 0·3 to 2·6 t/ha with an average
of 1·6 t/ha.
A study of the plant, fibre and seed development in
flax and linseed (Linum usitatissimum) grown at a
range of seed rates
Authors: EASSON D. L. , MOLLOY R. M.
Published: July 2002

A comparison of the fibre and seed development in fibre flax and linseed types of Linum usitatissimum
(L.) was carried out in replicated field plot experiments in 1993, 1994 and 1996 in Northern Ireland.
Flax cultivar Ariane, and linseed cultivars Barbara (1993 and 1996) and Flanders (1994) were each
grown at seed rates of 500, 1000 and 1500 seeds/m2 and sampled at 7-day intervals from the start of
flowering until harvest. The number of buds, flowers and capsules per plant were counted and straw
height and total, seed, straw, total fibre, long fibre and short fibre dry matter ( DM) yields determined
for each sample date. Fibre yields were determined after water retting the straw for 7 days at 20°C
and extracting the fibre by scutching and hackling.

The emergence dates were similar in all years, but site and season interactions resulted in later
flower and capsule development in 1993. Although the total biomass of flax and linseed were similar
at the start of flowering, flax maintained a more rapid straw growth rate and linseed a more rapid
seed growth rate giving final fibre yields that were 1300 kg/ha higher in flax than linseed and seed
yields that were 800 kg/ha greater in linseed than flax. The proportion of fibre in the straw was higher
in flax than linseed and the proportion of long fibre within the total fibre fraction was also greater.
Final seed yields were highest in 1993, and fibre yields from flax were higher in 1994 than in the other
years. Seed rate had no effect on seed yield in either flax or linseed but at the lowest seed rate, which
gave plant counts of about 400 plants/m2
, the total fibre yield was significantly reduced compared
with the higher seed rates with plant counts of about 1200 plants/m2
. It is concluded that decreasing
fibre flax seed rates from 1500 to 500 seeds/m2
will reduce potential fibre yields by 25% but have little
effect on seed yield, whilst increasing linseed seed rates from 500 to 1500 seeds/m2 would only result
in marginal increases in the potential yield of fibre.
THE BAIGAS OF MADHYA PRADESH: A DEMOGRAPHIC STUDY
Authors: REDDY P. H. , MODELL B.
Published: July 2002

This paper outlines the demographic characteristics of the Baiga tribe, one of the most primitive of the aboriginal tribal groups of Central India. The Baiga population has grown steadily since the first anthropological study of the tribe in the 1930s. Age at menarche, age at marriage, breast-feeding, and time interval between marriage and first conception are natural. There are more females than males. Sub-tribe endogamy is common; consanguineous marriage is favoured (34% of marriages are between first cousins) and marital distance is low (mean 7·1 km). Though the mean menarcheal age is high (15·2 years), mean age at first marriage is low (16·6 years), giving a long reproductive period.
POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE LIFE CHANGES AND LDL CHOLESTEROL
Authors: HELMINEN ANNELI , RANKINEN TUOMO , HALONEN PIRJO , VÄISÄNEN SARI , RAURAMAA RAINER
Published: July 2002

Epidemiological studies have revealed that stressful changes in social environment increase the risk of cardiovascular mortality. In this study, the influence of major negative and positive life changes on serum cholesterol was examined in middle-aged men to determine a possible biochemical link between life changes and cardiovascular mortality. The results showed no influence of negative life changes on serum cholesterols. However, positive life changes significantly predicted a reduction in total and LDL (low-density lipoprotein) cholesterol levels after adjustment for the baseline cardiovascular health status, baseline cholesterol level, diet, body mass index, waist-to-hip ratio and cardiorespiratory fitness. The odds ratio for lowering LDL cholesterol was 5·2 in the men reporting positive events compared with those reporting none. The findings suggest a predictive value of positive life changes for atherogenic lipid profile in middle-aged men.
Numerical study of internal wave–wave interactions in a stratified fluid
Authors: JAVAM A. , IMBERGER J. , ARMFIELD S. W.
Published: July 2002

A finite volume method is used to study the generation, propagation and interaction
of internal waves in a linearly stratified fluid. The internal waves were generated using
single and multiple momentum sources. The full unsteady equations of motion were
solved using a SIMPLE scheme on a non-staggered grid. An open boundary, based
on the Sommerfield radiation condition, allowed waves to propagate through the
computational boundaries with minimum reflection and distortion. For the case of a
single momentum source, the effects of viscosity and nonlinearity on the generation
and propagation of internal waves were investigated.

Internal wave–wave interactions between two wave rays were studied using two
momentum sources. The rays generated travelled out from the sources and intersected
in interaction regions where nonlinear interactions caused the waves to break. When
two rays had identical properties but opposite horizontal phase velocities (symmetric
interaction), the interactions were not described by a triad interaction mechanism.
Instead, energy was transferred to smaller wavelengths and, a few periods later, to
standing evanescent modes in multiples of the primary frequency (greater than the
ambient buoyancy frequencies) in the interaction region. The accumulation of the
energy caused by these trapped modes within the interaction region resulted in the
overturning of the density field. When the two rays had different properties (apart
from the multiples of the forcing frequencies) the divisions of the forcing frequencies
as well as the combination of the different frequencies were observed within the
interaction region.

The model was validated by comparing the results with those from experimental
studies. Further, the energy balance was conserved and the dissipation of energy was
shown to be related to the degree of nonlinear interaction.
Three-dimensional instability of axisymmetric flow in a rotating lid–cylinder enclosure
Authors: GELFGAT A. Yu. , BAR-YOSEPH P. Z. , SOLAN A.
Published: July 2002

The axisymmetry-breaking three-dimensional instability of the axisymmetric flow
between a rotating lid and a stationary cylinder is analysed. The flow is governed by
two parameters – the Reynolds number Re and the aspect ratio γ (=height/radius).
Published experimental results indicate that in different ranges of γ axisymmetric
or non-axisymmetric instabilities can be observed. Previous analyses considered only
axisymmetric instability. The present analysis is devoted to the linear stability of the
basic axisymmetric flow with respect to the non-axisymmetric perturbations. After
the linearization the stability problem separates into a family of quasi-axisymmetric
subproblems for discrete values of the azimuthal wavenumber k. The computations
are done using the global Galerkin method. The stability analysis is carried out at
various densely distributed values of γ in the range 1 < γ < 3.5. It is shown that the
axisymmetric perturbations are dominant in the range 1.63 < γ < 2.76. Outside this
range, for γ < 1.63 and for γ > 2.76, the instability is three-dimensional and sets in with
k = 2 and k = 3 or 4, respectively. The azimuthal periodicity, patterns, characteristic
frequencies and phase velocities of the dominant perturbations are discussed.
Direct numerical simulation of turbulence–mean
field interactions in a stably stratified fluid
Authors: GALMICHE M. , THUAL O. , BONNETON P.
Published: July 2002

Freely decaying turbulent flows in a stably stratified fluid are simulated with a
pseudo-spectral numerical code solving the fully nonlinear Navier–Stokes equations
under the Boussinesq approximation with periodic boundary conditions. The flow
is decomposed into a turbulent field and a horizontal mean flow ū(z, t) defined as
the average of the horizontal velocity component in a horizontal plane at height z
and time t. Similarly, the density field is decomposed into a turbulent field and a
(stable) mean density profile ρ(z, t) defined as the average of the density field in a
horizontal plane at height z and time t. Attention is paid to the effect of the turbulent
velocity field on an initial z-periodic horizontal mean flow (Simulation A) or an initial
z-periodic perturbation of the mean density profile (Simulation B). Both A and B are
performed under conditions of moderate and strong stratification and are compared
to the non-stratified simulations.

Simulation A shows that the turbulence–mean flow interaction is strongly affected
by the buoyancy forces. In the absence of a stratification, the mean flow perturbation
decays rapidly due to the turbulent diffusion of momentum. When a moderate
stratification is applied, the mean flow perturbation decays much more slowly whereas
it oscillates and grows with time when the stratification is strong. These results are
interpreted by defining a time-dependent eddy viscosity. Whereas the eddy viscosity
coefficient has positive values in the non-stratified simulation, it is affected by the
buoyancy forces and decreases after a period of order N−1. For large times, the eddy diffusivity
oscillates and its time-averaged value over a few turnover timescales is positive but
small when the stratification is moderate, and roughly zero when the stratification is
strong. These results are
interpreted by defining a time-dependent eddy viscosity. Whereas the eddy viscosity
coefficient has positive values in the non-stratified simulation, it is affected by the
buoyancy forces and decreases after a period of order N−1 in the stratified simulations
(where N is the Brunt–Väisälä frequency associated with the background linear
stratification). At large time, we find that the eddy viscosity remains roughly zero
when the stratification is moderate, whereas it oscillates but remains persistently
negative in the strongly stratified case, which causes the horizontal mean flow to
accelerate.

We conclude that the presence of a stable stratification strongly affects the temporal
behaviour of the mean quantities ū and ρ in turbulent flows and partly explains the
formation of horizontal layers in stratified geofluids such as oceans and atmospheres.
Supersonic flows of dense gases in cascade configurations
Authors: MONACO J. F. , CRAMER M. S. , WATSON L. T.
Published: July 2002

We examine the steady, inviscid, supersonic flow of

Bethe-Zel'dovich–Thompson (BZT) fluids in two-dimensional

cascade configurations. Bethe-Zel'dovich–Thompson fluids

are single-phase gases having specific heats so large that the

fundamental derivative of gasdynamics, Γ, is negative over a

finite range of pressures and temperatures. The equation of state is

the well-known Martin–Hou equation, and the numerical scheme is

the explicit predictor-corrector method of MacCormack. Numerical

comparisons between BZT fluids and lighter fluids such as steam are

presented. It was found that the natural dynamics of BZT fluids can

result in significant reductions in the adverse pressure gradients

associated with the collision of compression waves with neighbouring

turbine blades. A numerical example of an entirely isentropic

supersonic cascade flow is also presented.
An experimental study of compressible turbulent mixing

enhancement in swirling jets
Authors: NAUGHTON JONATHAN W. , CATTAFESTA III LOUIS N. , SETTLES GARY S.
Published: July 2002

Compressible jets with various amounts of swirl and

compressibility are investigated experimentally. The mixing-layer

growth rate is obtained from time-averaged images of the mixing layer

using the planar laser scattering (PLS) technique, and the swirl is

quantified with laser Doppler velocimetry and intrusive probes. The

results conclusively demonstrate that the addition of swirl to the

jet increases entrainment by up to 60% compared to a corresponding

non-swirling case. Instantaneous PLS images reveal modified turbulent

structure in the mixing layer of the swirling-jet cases. In

particular, analysis of these images indicates that both the spatial

extent and amplitude of the largest turbulent fluctuations are

increased when swirl is added. Based upon these results, a parameter

β that correlates the observed growth-rate enhancement is

proposed. This parameter is derived assuming that the streamwise

vorticity, generated in the mixing layer by the addition of small

amounts of swirl, causes additional turbulent mixing that increases

the growth rate. When the available growth-rate data for swirling

jets are plotted against this parameter, they collapse to a single

curve with increased enhancement for higher values of β. This

result implies that the degree of enhancement actually increases with

compressibility, although the dimensional growth rates for the

present compressible swirling-jet cases are still less than those of

their incompressible counterparts.