bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Apocalyptic and Covenant: Perspectives on Paul or Antinomies at War?
Authors: Shaw David A.
Published: December 2013

The terms ‘apocalyptic’ and ‘covenantal’ are ubiquitous in Pauline studies and are increasingly set against one another as competing lenses by which to view Pauline theology. In search of clarity behind the terminology, this article traces two shifts in recent apocalyptic readings of Paul. First, there is a rhetorical shift which increasingly sets a cosmological apocalyptic reading of Paul against one focused on forensic and covenantal concerns. Secondly, one can detect a theological shift which actually brings the apocalyptic reading of Paul closer to a view that sees a fulﬁlment of the prophetic promise of the new covenant in his theology and ministry. In closing, the two arguments most often advanced to resist such a marriage of approaches are challenged; namely, the view that Paul belongs to a cosmological and not forensic stream of Jewish apocalyptic thought, and the argument that, whatever Paul is doing in earlier chapters, forensic language is absent from, or peripheral to, Rom. 5–8.
‘The Rock Was Christ’: The Fluidity of Christ’s Body in 1 Corinthians 10.4
Authors: Thiessen Matthew
Published: December 2013

Paul’s identiﬁcation of Christ with the rock that provided water to Israel in the wilderness has confounded interpreters. This article seeks to demonstrate that Paul depends upon a tradition within early Jewish thinking, as evidenced in poetic works such as Deut. 32, Ps. 78 and Ps. 95, which linked Israel’s God to this rock. Despite growing unease with using rock imagery to describe God, as seen in Jeremiah’s recasting of this tradition, as well as the consistent efforts of the LXX translators of the Hebrew Bible to render such language in less chthonic terms, Paul identiﬁed the rock with the presence of Christ in the wilderness, and therefore demonstrates his indebtedness to a conception of divine fluidity which Benjamin Sommer has explored in his recent book The Bodies of God.
David Then and Now: Double-Voiced Discourse in 1 Samuel 16.14–23
Authors: Johnson Benjamin J.M.
Published: December 2013

When Saul's servants suggest David for the job of court musician in 1 Sam. 16.14–23, they seem to ‘overnominate’ him. They describe the young shepherd boy as a ‘mighty man of valor’ and a ‘man of war’, titles clearly unsuitable for this youngest son of Jesse in the present literary context. Scholars have proposed various theories for understanding these enigmatic words: from source-critical reconstruction to chronological disjunction to anticipatory literary strategies. This article proposes that the difficulties posed by the words of Saul's nameless servants can be best understood as examples of the literary device described by Mikhail Bakhtin as double-voiced discourse. In this strategy, Saul's nameless servants speak both in their own voice and from their own perspective about a young shepherd boy but they also speak in another voice from a larger perspective about the shepherd-king, the warrior-poet. Reading the words of Saul's nameless servants as an example of double-voiced discourse not only solves the difficulties of this text but also provides a fruitful literary dialogue between a young shepherd and a man who would become the founder of Israel's monarchy.
Daughter Zion and Weeping in Lamentations 1–2
Authors: Bosworth David A.
Published: December 2013

Weeping is a powerful non-verbal behavior by which people signal their pain and distress, and communicate a need for comfort and assistance. The book of Lamentations verbalizes the phenomenon of weeping to describe the tears of ‘daughter Zion’ and the empathetic tears of the narrator who addresses her in ch. 2. Thus, the eloquence and power of the poetry is augmented by verbal descriptions of a non-verbal behavior. In Lamentations 1–2, the motif of weeping is inextricably bound up with the personification of Zion both as a daughter and as the mother of the people. This article examines the personification of Jerusalem and its functions within the poetry in order to understand the expression ‘daughter Zion’ and how ‘daughter Zion’ heightens the emotional impact of the poetry and becomes a source of comfort in the midst of deep despair. As a daughter, Zion stands in solidarity with the suffering children of Lamentations, and as the mother of the community, she intercedes on their behalf and weeps for her suffering and missing children. All the instances of weeping occur with reference to the death of children.
Six Measures of Barley: Seed Symbolism in Ruth
Authors: Stone Timothy J.
Published: December 2013

In the book of Ruth, seed images help shape Naomi's reversal from emptiness to fullness. In ch. 1, Naomi has no hope of having another son, yet in ch. 4, she receives Ruth's son. In ch. 2 food is used to indicate Boaz's acceptance of and generosity towards Ruth beyond all expectations by consciously shaping his actions in a direct reversal of Deuteronomy's ban on Moabites. In ch. 3, Boaz tells Ruth to hold out her garment and then places six measures of barley on her—an unrealistically heavy amount—which makes her appear pregnant. Ruth tells Naomi that Boaz did not want her to return to her mother-in-law ‘empty’. This use of ‘empty’ plays off of the other occurrence in ch. 1, implying that Obed's birth fills Naomi's emptiness. Attention to the symbolic relationship between food and fertility gives greater shape to the interactions between Ruth, Boaz and Naomi and moves the story towards fullness in ch. 4.
Another Look at the Redaction History of the Book of Daniel, or, Reading Daniel from Left to Right
Authors: Van Deventer H.J.M.
Published: December 2013

Chapter 7 of the book of Daniel has been described as a pivotal chapter. This chapter is the last of six written in Aramaic, while it is also the first of four visions concluding Daniel in the Masoretic text. The change of literary type as well as the change in language has puzzled commentators, primarily because the change from one literary type to another (court tales in Dan. 1–6 and visions in Dan. 7–12) does not match the dissimilarity in language (Hebrew in Dan. 1 and Dan. 8–12, and Aramaic in Dan. 2–7). Many resourceful proposals to solve the puzzle have been made, but no single one has gained ascendancy and thus outright acceptance among scholars. This article seeks to rethink these matters by arguing that the visions written in Hebrew in the second century constituted the ‘original’ prophetic book of Daniel. It is proposed that it was only after the rededication of the temple that the legendary stories, available in Aramaic, were added to the visions. This suggestion offers some answers to questions about the bilingual nature of the book as well as the different literary genres it contains.
Considerations on the Politico-Juridical Proceedings of Genesis 34
Authors: Wagner Angela B.
Published: December 2013

In recent literature regarding the narrative of Genesis 34, much attention has been given to the nature of the force of the sexual encounter between the Hivite prince, Shechem, and the daughter of Jacob, Dinah. This article, however, argues that the concern with which this aspect of the narrative has been addressed is misplaced: that the violent response of Jacob and his sons has little to do with a distinction between consensual sex and violent rape and rather with political/ethnic concerns.
Entrepreneurial regions: Evidence from Oxfordshire and Cambridgeshire
Authors: Lawton Smith Helen , Glasson John , Romeo Saverio , Waters Rupert , Chadwick Andrew
Published: December 2013

Understanding the growth of entrepreneurial regions and the extent to which the actors in the triple helix model are dominant at particular stages in development is the theme of this article. Both Oxfordshire and the Cambridge sub-region are important high-tech economies dominated by historic universities, Oxford and Cambridge (often referred to collectively as Oxbridge), two of the world’s leading research universities. As entrepreneurial regions, however, they differ in a number of respects. In the article different dynamics leading to the inception, implementation, consolidation and renewal of regions characterized by very high levels of technology-based entrepreneurship are explored. It is argued that, although they are leading locations of multiple clusters of high-tech firms, they could have been more successful in creating more and bigger firms. It is proposed that part of the explanation lies in the relative lack of engagement of their major assets (the universities) in leading local economic development.
Patterns of Urbanization and Environmental Quality in the Context of Indian Cities
Authors: Dutta Swati , Bardhan Suchandra , Bhaduri Sanjukta
Published: December 2013

The link between quality of urban development and its impact on environment has for long been debated. The authors attempt to assess the impact that India’s rapidly urbanizing cities and related development are having on urban environment. The authors emphasize on the ‘quality’ of development while attempting to answer this question and indicate that quality factors, such as, density, urban massing and spatial pattern of land use, as well as socio-economic and cultural factors resulting from these, have an important bearing on the quality of urban environment in Indian cities. The authors conclude that several physical and human environmental factors need to be further evaluated from a new perspective to gain insights into perceived and measured components that influence environmental quality.
Developing a Sustainable Flood Risk Appraisal (SFRA) Framework for the Pearl River Delta
Authors: Chan Faith Ka Shun , Mitchell Gordon , Cheng Xiaotao , Adekola Olalekan , McDonald Adrian
Published: December 2013

Intensive storms enhanced flooding is fast emerging as one of the biggest threats to urbanization in Asia. The need to manage this risk is critical for achieving a sustainable growth pattern. The authors study the Pearl River Delta (PRD) and propose a generic sustainable flood risk appraisal (SFRA) framework that can be used to benchmark flood risk management (FRM) practice against sustainability objectives. The framework addresses social, environmental and economic concerns, and further illustrates that climate change and governance are two main drivers to achieving sustainability in FRM. This article further explains how the template could be of value in recuperating the FRM practices in the PRD.
Urban Change Detection Using Multi-temporal Remotely Sensed Imagery (Case Study: Gorgan Area, Northern Iran)
Authors: Galdavi Somayeh , Mohammadzadeh Marjan , Salmanmahiny Abdolrassoul , Nejad Ali Najafi
Published: December 2013

This article seeks to detect urban change by integrating multi-temporal remotely sensed data over a 19-year period in Gorgan area of Golestan Province in north of Iran. The authors demonstrate that mostly range and agricultural land have changed into residential areas, and establish parameters that can used to assess the rate of change. Such tools can produce information that helps managers make more informed decisions on urban expansion, conservation and sustainable use.
Hepatitis B
Authors: Banerji Orijit
Published: December 2013

Hepatitis B is a major global threat and over two billion people have been infected. The major impact is from the chronic form of the disease which is associated with cirrhosis, liver failure and hepatocellular carcinoma. An effective vaccination has been available for decades and it is important to understand which people to target in immunisation programmes. This requires knowledge of groups at high risk for contracting the virus and the current NHS strategy about who should be offered immunisation. A basic understanding of common presentations, risk factors, serological testing and immunisation for hepatitis B are keys to its successful management.
The importance of windows of opportunity for foreign policy change
Authors: Doeser Fredrik , Eidenfalk Joakim
Published: December 2013

This article emphasizes how individual decision-makers and their perceptions of windows of opportunity can play a decisive role for major changes in the foreign policy of states by conducting two case studies. The first case is the change that occurred in Denmark’s foreign policy in August 1990 when its government dispatched a warship to the Persian Gulf to participate in the monitoring of the United Nations sanctions against Iraq. The second case is the change that occurred in Australia’s foreign policy in April–May 2003 when its government abandoned Australia’s long-standing “hands-off” approach toward Solomon Islands by leading a multinational military intervention. The article demonstrates that individual decision-makers, with a long-standing desire to change policy, perceived structural changes as a window of opportunity for initiating the desired policy changes. The article concludes that, had it not been for these particular individuals, and their perceptions of the world around them, events would most likely have unfolded in a different way.
RUNX1 and NF-E2 upregulation is not specific for MPNs, but is seen in polycythemic disorders with augmented HIF signaling
Authors: Kapralova Katarina , Lanikova Lucie , Lorenzo Felipe , Song Jihyun , Horvathova Monika , Divoky Vladimir , Prchal Josef T.
Published: December 2013

Key Points

Overexpression of RUNX1 and its target NF-E2 is not specific for PV but is also seen in polycythemias due to augmented hypoxia sensing. Elevated levels of RUNX1 and NF-E2 are not specific for primary polycythemias, as these are not present in PFCP.
MAR-mediated integration of plasmid vectors for in vivo gene transfer and regulation
Authors: Puttini Stefania , van Zwieten Ruthger W , Saugy Damien , Lekka Małgorzata , Hogger Florence , Ley Deborah , Kulik Andrzej J , Mermod Nicolas
Published: December 2013

Background

The in vivo transfer of naked plasmid DNA into organs such as muscles is commonly used to assess the expression of prophylactic or therapeutic genes in animal disease models.

Results

In this study, we devised vectors allowing a tight regulation of transgene expression in mice from such non-viral vectors using a doxycycline-controlled network of activator and repressor proteins. Using these vectors, we demonstrate proper physiological response as consequence of the induced expression of two therapeutically relevant proteins, namely erythropoietin and utrophin. Kinetic studies showed that the induction of transgene expression was only transient, unless epigenetic regulatory elements termed Matrix Attachment Regions, or MAR, were inserted upstream of the regulated promoters. Using episomal plasmid rescue and quantitative PCR assays, we observed that similar amounts of plasmids remained in muscles after electrotransfer with or without MAR elements, but that a significant portion had integrated into the muscle fiber chromosomes. Interestingly, the MAR elements were found to promote plasmid genomic integration but to oppose silencing effects in vivo, thereby mediating long-term expression.

Conclusions

This study thus elucidates some of the determinants of transient or sustained expression from the use of non-viral regulated vectors in vivo.
Facilitating HIV status disclosure for pregnant women and partners in rural Kenya: a qualitative study
Authors: Walcott Melonie M , Hatcher Abigail M , Kwena Zachary , Turan Janet M
Published: December 2013

Background

Women’s ability to safely disclose their HIV-positive status to male partners is essential for uptake and continued use of prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) services. However, little is known about the acceptability of potential approaches for facilitating partner disclosure. To lay the groundwork for developing an intervention, we conducted formative qualitative research to elicit feedback on three approaches for safe HIV disclosure for pregnant women and male partners in rural Kenya.

Methods

This qualitative acceptability research included in-depth interviews with HIV-infected pregnant women (n = 20) and male partners of HIV-infected women (n = 20) as well as two focus groups with service providers (n = 16). The participants were recruited at health care facilities in two communities in rural Nyanza Province, Kenya, during the period June to November 2011. Data were managed in NVivo 9 and analyzed using a framework approach, drawing on grounded theory.

Results

We found that facilitating HIV disclosure is acceptable in this context, but that individual participants have varying expectations depending on their personal situation. Many participants displayed a strong preference for couples HIV counseling and testing (CHCT) with mutual disclosure facilitated by a trained health worker. Home-based approaches and programs in which pregnant women are asked to bring their partners to the healthcare facility were equally favored. Participants felt that home-based CHCT would be acceptable for this rural setting, but special attention must be paid to how this service is introduced in the community, training of the health workers who will conduct the home visits, and confidentiality.

Conclusion

Pregnant couples should be given different options for assistance with HIV disclosure. Home-based CHCT could serve as an acceptable method to assist women and men with safe disclosure of HIV status. These findings can inform the design and implementation of programs geared at promoting HIV disclosure among pregnant women and partners, especially in the home-setting.
PARP inhibitors: current status and implications for anticancer therapeutics
Authors: Usmani Hadi , Hussain Syed Ather , Sheikh Asfandyar
Published: December 2013

Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARPs) comprise of a large family of 17 proteins encoded by various genes which participate in genome maintenance, apoptosis, inflammatory responses and the regulation of gene expression programs. PARP inhibitors, as therapeutic agents, come into play acting on both PARP 1 and PARP 2. These drugs seem to target tumor cells in a moment of vulnerability when they are undergoing DNA repair. In the past few years this class of anti-cancer drug has been discovered to show a promising niche in the clinic.
Infections in children with down syndrome and acute myeloid leukemia: a report from the Canadian infections in AML research group
Authors: Tran Thai Hoa , Mitchell David , Dix David , Cellot Sonia , Ethier Marie-Chantal , Gillmeister Biljana , Hitzler Johann , Lewis Victor , Yanofsky Rochelle , Johnston Donna L , Portwine Carol , Price Victoria , Zelcer Shayna , Silva Mariana , Michon Bruno , Bowes Lynette , Stobart Kent , Brossard Josee , Beyene Joseph , Sung Lillian
Published: December 2013

Background

Children with Down syndrome (DS) are at high risk of infectious toxicity when treated with acute lymphoblastic leukemia chemotherapy protocols optimized in children without DS. Our objective was to determine if children with DS and acute myeloid leukemia (AML) have a different risk of infection when treated with chemotherapy protocols developed for children with DS compared to AML treatment protocols developed for children without DS.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective, population-based cohort study that included DS children ≤ 18 years of age with de novo, non-M3 AML diagnosed between January 1995 and December 2004, and treated at 15 Canadian centers. Patients were monitored for infection from initiation of AML treatment until recovery from the last cycle of chemotherapy, conditioning for hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, relapse, persistent disease or death (whichever occurred first). Trained research associates abstracted all information from each site.

Results

There were 31 children with DS included; median age was 1.7 (range 0.1-11.1) years. Eleven were treated according to a DS-specific protocol while 20 were treated with non-DS specific protocols. A total of 157 courses of chemotherapy were delivered. Microbiologically documented sterile site infection occurred in 11.9% and 14.3% of DS-specific and non-DS specific AML treatment courses respectively. Sepsis was rare and there were no infection-related deaths. In multiple regression, treatment with a DS-specific protocol was independently associated with a reduction in microbiologically documented sterile site infection (adjusted odds ratio (OR) 0.65, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.42-0.99; P = 0.044), and clinically documented infection (adjusted OR 0.36, 95% CI 0.14-0.91; P = 0.031) but not bacteremia (adjusted OR 0.73, 95% CI 0.44-1.22; P = 0.231).

Conclusions

Our study suggests that children with DS do not experience excessive infectious toxicity during treatment for AML compared to children without DS. Incorporation of DS-specific AML treatment protocols is associated with a more favorable infection profile for children with DS-AML.
Global transcriptome analysis of Clostridium thermocellum ATCC 27405 during growth on dilute acid pretreated Populus and switchgrass
Authors: Wilson Charlotte M , Rodriguez Miguel , Johnson Courtney M , Martin Stanton L , Chu Tzu Ming , Wolfinger Russ D , Hauser Loren J , Land Miriam L , Klingeman Dawn M , Syed Mustafa H , Ragauskas Arthur J , Tschaplinski Timothy J , Mielenz Jonathan R , Brown Steven D
Published: December 2013

Background

The thermophilic anaerobeClostridium thermocellumis a candidate consolidated bioprocessing (CBP) biocatalyst for cellulosic ethanol production. The aim of this study was to investigateC. thermocellumgenes required to ferment biomass substrates and to conduct a robust comparison of DNA microarray and RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) analytical platforms.

Results

C. thermocellumATCC 27405 fermentations were conducted with a 5 g/L solid substrate loading of either pretreated switchgrass orPopulus. Quantitative saccharification and inductively coupled plasma emission spectroscopy (ICP-ES) for elemental analysis revealed composition differences between biomass substrates, which may have influenced growth and transcriptomic profiles. High quality RNA was prepared forC. thermocellumgrown on solid substrates and transcriptome profiles were obtained for two time points during active growth (12 hours and 37 hours postinoculation). A comparison of two transcriptomic analytical techniques, microarray and RNA-seq, was performed and the data analyzed for statistical significance. Large expression differences for cellulosomal genes were not observed. We updated gene predictions for the strain and a small novel gene, Cthe_3383, with a putative AgrD peptide quorum sensing function was among the most highly expressed genes. RNA-seq data also supported different small regulatory RNA predictions over others. The DNA microarray gave a greater number (2,351) of significant genes relative to RNA-seq (280 genes when normalized by the kernel density mean of M component (KDMM) method) in an analysis of variance (ANOVA) testing method with a 5% false discovery rate (FDR). When a 2-fold difference in expression threshold was applied, 73 genes were significantly differentially expressed in common between the two techniques. Sulfate and phosphate uptake/utilization genes, along with genes for a putative efflux pump system were some of the most differentially regulated transcripts when profiles forC. thermocellumgrown on either pretreated switchgrass orPopuluswere compared.

Conclusions

Our results suggest that a high degree of agreement in differential gene expression measurements between transcriptomic platforms is possible, but choosing an appropriate normalization regime is essential.
Characterization of a Nagina22 rice mutant for heat tolerance and mapping of yield traits
Authors: Poli Yugandhar , Basava Ramana Kumari , Panigrahy Madhusmita , Vinukonda Vishnu Prasanth , Dokula Nageswara Rao , Voleti Sitapathi Rao , Desiraju Subrahmanyam , Neelamraju Sarla
Published: December 2013

Background

Heat is one of the major factors that considerably limit rice production. Nagina 22 (N22) is a deep-rooted, drought and heat tolerant aus rice cultivar. This study reports the characterization of a previously isolated dark green leaf mutant N22-H-dgl219 (NH219) which showed reduced accumulation of reactive oxygen species in leaf under 40°C heat conditions.

The mutant was characterized for several traits in field under ambient (38°C) and heat stress (44°C) conditions by raising temperature artificially from flowering stage till maturity by covering plants with polythene sheets during dry season 2011. Yield traits were mapped in 70 F2 segregants of IR64 × NH219 and 36 F2 segregants of its reciprocal cross.

Results

Leaf proteome analysis using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis from N22 and NH219 showed distinct constitutive expression of ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase large chain precursor (EC 4.1.1.39) in NH219 under ambient growth condition. Heat stress resulted in reduction of all 11 traits except plant height in both N22 and NH219. The extent of reduction was more in N22 than in NH219. Both pollen viability and spikelet fertility were not reduced significantly in N22 and NH219 but reduced by 20% in IR64.

Conclusion

NH219 is more tolerant to heat stress than wild type N22 as its percent yield reduction is lesser than N22. Single marker analysis showed significant association of RM1089 with number of tillers and yield per plant, RM423 with leaf senescence, RM584 with leaf width and RM229 with yield per plant.
Myogenesis in the sea urchin embryo: the molecular fingerprint of the myoblast precursors
Authors: Andrikou Carmen , Iovene Edmondo , Rizzo Francesca , Oliveri Paola , Arnone Maria Ina
Published: December 2013

Background

In sea urchin larvae the circumesophageal fibers form a prominent muscle system of mesodermal origin. Although the morphology and later development of this muscle system has been well-described, little is known about the molecular signature of these cells or their precise origin in the early embryo. As an invertebrate deuterostome that is more closely related to the vertebrates than other commonly used model systems in myogenesis, the sea urchin fills an important phylogenetic gap and provides a unique perspective on the evolution of muscle cell development.

Results

Here, we present a comprehensive description of the development of the sea urchin larval circumesophageal muscle lineage beginning with its mesodermal origin using high-resolution localization of the expression of several myogenic transcriptional regulators and differentiation genes. A few myoblasts are bilaterally distributed at the oral vegetal side of the tip of the archenteron and first appear at the late gastrula stage. The expression of the differentiation genes Myosin Heavy Chain, Tropomyosin I and II, as well as the regulatory genes MyoD2, FoxF, FoxC, FoxL1, Myocardin, Twist, and Tbx6 uniquely identify these cells. Interestingly, evolutionarily conserved myogenic factors such as Mef2, MyoR and Six1/2 are not expressed in sea urchin myoblasts but are found in other mesodermal domains of the tip of the archenteron. The regulatory states of these domains were characterized in detail. Moreover, using a combinatorial analysis of gene expression we followed the development of the FoxF/FoxC positive cells from the onset of expression to the end of gastrulation. Our data allowed us to build a complete map of the Non-Skeletogenic Mesoderm at the very early gastrula stage, in which specific molecular signatures identify the precursors of different cell types. Among them, a small group of cells within the FoxY domain, which also express FoxC and SoxE, have been identified as plausible myoblast precursors. Together, these data support a very early gastrula stage segregation of the myogenic lineage.

Conclusions

From this analysis, we are able to precisely define the regulatory and differentiation signatures of the circumesophageal muscle in the sea urchin embryo. Our findings have important implications in understanding the evolution of development of the muscle cell lineage at the molecular level. The data presented here suggest a high level of conservation of the myogenic specification mechanisms across wide phylogenetic distances, but also reveal clear cases of gene cooption.
Engagement and Skill Development in Biology Students through Analysis of Art
Authors: Milkova Liliana , Crossman Colette , Wiles Stephanie , Allen Taylor
Published: December 2013

An activity involving analysis of art in biology courses was designed with the goals of piquing undergraduates’ curiosity, broadening the ways in which college students meaningfully engage with course content and concepts, and developing aspects of students’ higher-level thinking skills, such as analysis, synthesis, and evaluation. To meet these learning outcomes, the activity had three key components: preparatory readings, firsthand visual analysis of art during a visit to an art museum, and communication of the analysis. Following a presentation on the methodology of visual analysis, students worked in small groups to examine through the disciplinary lens of biology a selection of approximately 12 original artworks related in some manner to love. The groups then developed and presented for class members a mini-exhibition of several pieces addressing one of two questions: 1) whether portrayals of love in art align with the growing understanding of the biology of love or 2) whether the bodily experience of love is universal or, alternatively, is culturally influenced, as is the experience of depression. Evaluation of quantitative and qualitative assessment data revealed that the assignment engaged students, supported development of higher-level thinking skills, and prompted meaningful engagement with course material.
Development of a Meiosis Concept Inventory
Authors: Kalas Pamela , O’Neill Angie , Pollock Carol , Birol Gülnur
Published: December 2013

We have designed, developed, and validated a 17-question Meiosis Concept Inventory (Meiosis CI) to diagnose student misconceptions on meiosis, which is a fundamental concept in genetics. We targeted large introductory biology and genetics courses and used published methodology for question development, which included the validation of questions by student interviews (n = 28), in-class testing of the questions by students (n = 193), and expert (n = 8) consensus on the correct answers. Our item analysis showed that the questions’ difficulty and discrimination indices were in agreement with published recommended standards and discriminated effectively between high- and low-scoring students. We foresee other institutions using the Meiosis CI as both a diagnostic tool and an instrument to assess teaching effectiveness and student progress, and invite instructors to visit http://q4b.biology.ubc.ca for more information.
Editorial: “Presenting” an adaptive role for AMPK
Authors: Fullerton Morgan D , Steinberg Gregory R
Published: December 2013

Discussion of AMPK in both antigen presenting cells, and T cell responses.
President's Page
Authors: Cooke Dennis
Published: December 2013

As I start writing this column in early October, there is an ongoing international news item about Greenpeace activists protesting oil and gas development in the Arctic Ocean. The Greenpeace view, also held by many in the general public, is that oil and gas development is incompatible with building a sustainable environment and future. This public debate on hydrocarbon development is especially contentious for unconventional hydrocarbon resources—the focus of this issue of The Leading Edge.
Foundation News
Authors: Meade John
Published: December 2013

The SEG Mission Statement (printed above) captures its evolving role and passion in promoting the profession of geophysics in the 21st century. And as hand in glove, the charge to inspire, connect, and propel the science into new vistas of success and discovery fits perfectly with the Foundation's charter to develop win-win relationships with donors in underwriting new initiatives and sustaining existing programs.
Seismic detection of fractures from injection illustrated through a field example
Authors: Tura Ali , HajNasser Yesser , Keys Bob , Brown Leo
Published: December 2013

Detection of fractures using geophysical methods has proven elusive. A significant amount of theory has been developed over the years; however, convincing applications of the theory to field data have been scarce. In this article, we show a clear example of seismic amplitude changes resulting from controlled fracturing from injection at the Alpine Field in Alaska. We use the ability of time-lapse seismic (4D) data to remove the background geology so that the seismic amplitude changes caused by the creation of fracture systems are clearly exposed around injectors.
Structural edge delimitation from gravity anomaly data using the directional continuous wavelet transform with an example from the Basin and Range Province of the United States
Authors: Ouadfeul Sid-Ali , Aliouane Leila
Published: December 2013

In this article, we demonstrate the use of the 2D directional continuous wavelet transform (DCWT) for structural boundary delimitation. We include an example of Bouguer gravity anomaly data analysis from the Basin and Range Province of the United States. Our approach is based on mapping maxima in the modulus of the directional continuous wavelet transform for various scales. We initially validate our concept using synthetic gravity anomaly fields generated from cylindrical and prismatic model bodies (source geometries). Subsequent application of our concept to real gravity anomaly data shows that the method is versatile and robust.
Introduction to this special section: Unconventional resources technology
Authors: Torres-Verdín Carlos , Smith Tad , González Ezequiel
Published: December 2013

The detection, appraisal, and development of unconventional resources invoke some of the greatest technical challenges faced by the hydrocarbon-producing industry today. There exist vast gas and oil reserves in organic mudrocks, but unlocking them in a financially and ecologically viable manner demands the combined and effective implementation of geologic, geophysical, geomechanical, drilling, and production concepts in ways that we have not witnessed before. The very genesis and diagenesis of kerogen give rise to large and complex spatial variations of the storage/flow properties of organic mudrocks, anywhere from nano-size flow confinements to macroscopic sedimentary sequencing (see the accompanying photograph of an outcrop of the Eagle Ford Formation in west Texas). Quantifying the production potential of organic mudrocks requires the integration of geochemical, petrophysical, mechanical, and elastic measurements in nontraditional ways. New effective-medium theories are needed to describe the mechanistic relationships among a multitude of core, borehole, and seismic amplitude measurements. It is necessary not only to detect and quantify presence of kerogen but also to infer geomechanical properties for reliable prediction of hydrofracture efficiency, proppant placement, and fluid stimulation. Experience also shows that the “release” of hydrocarbon present in mudrocks through hydrofractures often involves fast depletion and poor recovery factors. Much work and experience are still needed to assess hydrofracture efficiency and forecast hydrocarbon depletion via in situ or remote measurements (e.g., microseismic amplitude data).
State of the Net
Authors: Posey Chris
Published: December 2013

As a patron of SEG (and a reader of this column), you are no doubt familiar with the vast amount of content available to you at SEG.org and library.seg.org . You have visited the Book Mart and the Event Calendar. You have checked out upcoming tours for SEG Distinguished and Honorary Lecturers. Maybe you have even registered for an online course or the Distinguished Instructor Short Course (DISC) online. You can nimbly navigate the near-surface content online, and you maintain your membership exclusively via the SEG Web site. You are an SEG online expert.
Student Zone
Authors: Yoder Johnna , Blythe Natalie
Published: December 2013

More than just another highly technical conference with leading-edge scientists from around the world, GEO 2014 the Middle East: “Taking Geoscience Beyond the Conventional” tackles the growing demand in the industry by pinning down the needs of young professional geologists and geophysicists through the most innovative methods to date—simply by asking them.
Diagnosis and treatment of Wernicke's encephalopathy in an
in-patient alcohol detoxification unit: a completed audit
cycle
Authors: Delaffon Vijay , Naik Srinivas , Mann Rajandeep , Vahabzadeh Arshya , Millward Timothy , Majeed Adeel , Taylor Angela , Pant Anshuman
Published: December 2013

Aims and method

A baseline audit of trainees' ability to recognise Wernicke's
encephalopathy and initiate appropriate thiamine regimes in an in-patient
alcohol detoxification unit was carried out. Based on the findings, gaps
were addressed using targeted education and training, and their impact on
improving standards of managing Wernicke's encephalopathy was
re-audited.

Results

The initial audit revealed that trainees' ability to recognise Wernicke's
encephalopathy and initiate thiamine was inadequate. Significant
improvement in appropriate use of treatment regime (P < 0.05) of
thiamine and the monitoring of clinical response was observed after
addressing the initial gaps through education.

Clinical implications

Treatment of Wernicke's encephalopathy can be inadequate, given a lack of
awareness of clinical presentation and appropriate management. This can
be addressed through education and training.
Adverse medication events in a psychiatric practice: a
naturalistic study
Authors: Breen Eugene G.
Published: December 2013

Aims and method

To document the number and type of adverse medication events in a
psychiatric sector service. Significant new adverse events were collated
by the author and team over 30 months. Intervention to prevent any
adverse event was enacted as soon as any were noticed or anticipated.

Results

Thirty-six significant events occurred including three deaths and nine
near misses. Corrective action was taken immediately any adverse event
occurred. Inadequate communication between various hospital clinics,
general practitioner practices, psychiatric clinics and pharmacies was
the biggest avoidable cause of adverse events.

Clinical implications

Awareness of adverse drug events is essential in psychiatry. Clear,
transparent pathways of prescribing are a key requirement to reduce
avoidable adverse medication events. Psychopharmacology is a core module
for psychiatric training.
Separation of 2,3-Butanediol Using ZSM-5 Zeolite Modified with Hydrophobic Molecular Spaces
Authors: Li Guofeng , Liu Weilin , Wang Xing , Yuan Qipeng
Published: December 2013

Zeolite modified with the hydrophobic molecular spaces is presented here for separating 2,3-butanediol (2,3-BDO). The space layer favors the passage of organic alcohols through it and their storage in it. Combined with selective ether desorption, this efficiency-improved strategy could be an alternative route for obtaining the high-quality 2,3-BDO.
Leg venous ulcer healing process after application of membranous dressing with silver ions
Authors: Wilemska-Kucharzewska K. , Kózka M. , Spałkowska M. , Kucharzewski M.
Published: December 2013

Aim: To assess the efficiency of application of new membranous dressing with silver ions in patients with chronic venous ulceration.

Methods: 58 patients were divided randomly into two groups. In group A (n=30) mean ulcer surface area was 8.52 cm2, in group B (n=28) mean wound surface area was 8.29 cm2. In group A membranous dressings with silver ions (Textus Bioactiv® by Biocell GmbH, Germany) were used. In group B hydrocolloid dressing Unna’s boot was applied. All dressings were changed every 7 days until the wound was completely healed. Changes in wound area were calculated and the speed of healing process was measured every week with healing per day index (cm2/day).

Results: After 7 weeks ulcers healed in all patients of group A. Ulcers in group B healed after 16 weeks of treatment.

Conclusion: On the basis of this outcome the authors concluded that application of membranous dressing with silver ions speeds up the process of treating chronic lower leg ulceration.
The recalcitrant venous leg ulcer – a never ending story?
Authors: Maessen-Visch M. B. , Langendoen S. I. , de Roos K-P. , Neumann H. A. M. , Reeder S. W. I.
Published: December 2013

Introduction: In general, four particular causes of recalcitrant venous leg ulcers may be distinguished. These are foot pump insufficiency, chronic venous compartment syndrome and non-re-canalized popliteal vein thrombosis. The fourth cause of recalcitrant venous leg ulcers is lipodermatosclerosis as a symptom of severe chronic venous insufficiency.

Methods: We reviewed the literature and based on this we describe four main causes of recalcitrant venous leg ulcers and their specific treatment.

Results: Foot pump insufficiency arises when the plantar foot veins are not able to empty. Treatment should consist of physical therapy, a mechanical foot pump device and an insole. Lipodermatosclerosis may be treated by excision and split-thickness skin grafting (Vigoni procedure). Chronic venous compartment syndrome is usually caused by post-thrombotic syndrome and treatment consists of a fasciectomy, but is rarely used nowadays. Patients with non-re-canalized popliteal vein thrombosis may be supported by intermittent pneumatic compression, walking exercises, alternate standing and walking with lying down. All patients with recalcitrant venous leg ulcers must wear medical elastic compression stockings with high stiffness and high compression lifelong.

Conclusions: Patients with recalcitrant venous leg ulceration are challenging. More specific treatment will heal more of these ulcers.
Therapie der pudendalen Varikosis mittels Sklerosierung
Authors: Dörler M. , Stücker M.
Published: December 2013

Pudendale Varizen können als Vulvavarikose die kleinen und großen Labien, als pudendale Varikose im engeren Sinne den proximalen Oberschenkel und als perineale Varikose den Dammbereich betreffen. Sie treten besonders häufig während der Schwangerschaft auf, bilden sich aber meist schon unmittelbar post-partal zurück. Da Geburtskomplikationen durch pudendale Varizen offenbar nicht vorkommen und die Sklerosierungsmittel nicht zum Einsatz während der Schwangerschaft zugelassen sind, sollte die Sklerosierungstherapie der pudendalen Varikose außerhalb der Schwangerschaft erfolgen. Die klinische Untersuchung wird durch die Duplexsonographie der Beinvenen ergänzt. Eine weitergehende bildgebende Diagnostik der Beckenvenen ist bei Symtomen eines pelvinen Stauungssyndroms sinnvoll. Die Sklerosierung pudendaler Varizen kann bei lokalen Beschwerden und Komplikationen, bei pudendalen Varizen als Quelle einer therapiebedürftigen Varikosis des Beines und/oder aus kosmetischen Gründen indiziert sein.
Provokationsmanöver für die duplexsonographische Diagnostik der Varikose
Authors: Mendoza E.
Published: December 2013

Anders als bei den Arterien reicht der spontane Fluss in den Beinvenen nicht für eine gute Diagnostik aus. Daher werden Provokationsmanöver zu Hilfe genommen, um einen Blutfluss zu verursachen. Klassisch kommen die Atmung und das Valsalva-Manöver zum Einsatz. In den letzten Jahren wurden dynamische und dem physiologischen Ablauf nähere Manöver entwickelt, wie das Paraná-Manöver, bei dem der Patient leicht nach vorne geschoben wird, um die Gastrocnemius-Muskulatur zu aktivieren, das Wunstorfer Manöver, bei dem der Vorfuß angehoben wird oder das Orthostase-Manöver, bei dem der Patient hingelegt und wieder aufgestellt wird, um die Schließfähigkeit der Klappen zu testen. All diese Verfahren werden vorgestellt und miteinander verglichen.
Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis (XGPN) mimicking a “renal cell carcinoma with renal vein thrombus and paracaval lymphadenopathy”
Authors: Ganpule Arvind , Jagtap Jitendra , Ganpule Sanika , Bhattu Amit , Soni Shailesh , Sabnis Ravindra , Desai Mahesh
Published: December 2013

We present a case of Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis mimicking as a renal cell carcinoma. This was an elderly lady who presented with pyonephrosis due to urolithiasis. On evaluation she was found to have a space occupying mass in the right kidney. Further investigations revealed an enhancing tumor with renal vein thrombus and paracaval lymphadenopathy. Subsequent histopathology showed evidence of XGPN with no malignancy. This case report highlights the fact there are a number of imaging and clinical overlaps in the diagnosis, assessment and management of this entity.
WORKING WITH A DIAGRAM AS A GENERAL- PURPOSE EDUCATIONAL ACTIVITY OF A PRIMARY SCHOOL PUPIL
Authors: Фатеева  , Fateeva T.
Published: December 2013

The task of teaching pupils to deal with diagrams

is presented as a means of nurturing informational literacy among primary schoolchildren. Different types of diagrams and due sequence of actions for dealing with

diagrams are described, including such kinds of actions,

as motivational, procedural, controlling and judgmental.

Special attention is given to the methods intended to help

pupils to overcome misunderstanding of information presented in the form of diagrams.
MULTICULTURAL EDUCATION IN THE PRIMARY SCHOOL
Authors: Чупалова  , Chupalova D.
Published: December 2013

The paper is focused on acculturation and effective integration of ethnic minorities into the dominating language and cultural environment. The multicultural education is considered as a factor of enhancing stability in the RF on the basis of peaceful coexistence and close interaction among its various nations and ethnic groups.

Multicultural education also helps to deter separatism and

nationalism, argues the author.
METHODOLOGY FOR DEVELOPING PRIMARY SCHOOLCHILDREN’S SKILLS TO PRODUCE NARRATIVE STATEMENTS WITH RESPECT TO AESTHETIC MERITS OF ORAL SPEECH
Authors: Лихошерст  , Likhosherst Yuliya
Published: December 2013

Abstract. The paper describes the ascertaining experiment,

aimed at evaluating the ability of primary schoolchildren

to make oral narrative statements with consideration to

aesthetic merits of spontaneous speech. The experiment

has made it possible to reveal the true depth of the correspondent methodological problem and to elaborate the

system of nursing the skills of generating texts with consideration to aesthetic merits of oral speech among the primary school pupils.
AESTHETIC EDUCATION AND ACQUAINTANCE WITH THE SURROUNDING WORLD FOR PRIMARY SCHOOLCHILDREN
Authors: Переверзева  , Pereverzeva E.
Published: December 2013

The issues of aesthetic education in the primary school are discussed. Primary schoolchildren get aesthetic education while learning the subject called “The World Around Us” and in the course of after-school activities, where they are taught the basic knowledge about wildlife and develop the ability to recognize and percept beauty of the nature. The paper provides plentiful material, demonstrating distinct kinds of wildlife beauty, and also a

questionnaire to assess how the pupils’ attitude to animals

changes after they have studied their life and habits.
FOSTERING ARTISTICALLY-GIFTED CHILDREN THROUGH CREATIVE ASSIGNMENTS IN THE PRACTICE OF AESTHETIC-EDUCATION SCHOOLS OF UKRAINE
Authors: Комаровская  , Komarovskaya Oksana
Published: December 2013

The author presents the algorithm designed to

use creative assignments at the lessons of music as a way

of nurturing artistically gifted students of choreographic

and drama schools and members of amateur troupes. Abil-

ity to create original artistic images is considered as the

core criterion of giftedness and thus determines the centripetal vector of assignments use.