bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
International Mobility of Hazardous Products, Industries, and Wastes
Authors: Castleman Barry I. , Navarro Vicente
Published: May 2005

The export of hazards to developing countries, frequently associated with the transfer of technology, is an increasing public health problem. It may arise from the export of hazardous products and wastes, or from the transfer of hazardous industries in the absence of appropriate safeguards. Multinational corporations bear a major responsibility for having lower standards of health protection in manufacturing and marketing in the developing countries than in home-country operations. These firms are coming under growing international pressure from concerned citizens, unions, environmental groups, national governments and international organizations, religious groups, the media, and public health professionals.
An Initial Description of the Archaeology and Morphology of the Clark's Fork Skeletal Material, Bonner County, Idaho
Authors: Pennefather-O'Brien Elizabeth E. , Strezewski Michael
Published: May 2005

The Clark's Fork skeletal material was originally discovered in 1940 during road building operations in Bonner County, northern Idaho. According to Neumann (1952), this partially mineralized individual was reputed to be of great antiquity; however, no description of the material has ever been published. Recent AMS dating of a portion of the femur returned a date of 5930 + 100 RCYBP, placing the material within the Early Prehistoric/Early Middle Prehistoric transitional period. Analysis of the skeletal material indicates that at least two individuals are present. The more nearly complete of the two is an older middle-aged adult male roughly 170 cm tall. Although contextual information and anatomical comparison is limited, it appears that the Clark's Fork burial is comparable to others of similar age from the Columbia Plateau.
Dreams as Problem Solving: A Method of Study — Part I: Background and Theory
Authors: Baylor George W. , Deslauriers Daniel
Published: May 2005

Looking first at the nature of dreams as studied in the laboratory during the last thirty years, this article (Part I) considers methods of knowing dreams and what is meant by dream interpretation. Within the context of current research in cognitive science, it is proposed that at least some dreams are generated by a regulatory system seeking to establish organismic balance, and in this sense fulfill a problem-solving function. A five-step method designed to facilitate dream understanding is sketched: it is a programmatic procedure that helps users recover aspects of their own dream formation process and probes the regulatory system by helping users discern the problem(s) a dream may be attacking. In Part II, the method will be illustrated and evaluated through the analysis of one dream in extenso.
Field Dependence and Color Coding: A Review and Summary of Research Evidence
Authors: Dwyer Francis M. , Moore David M.
Published: May 2005

The purpose of several studies was to examine the effects that differentially coded (black and white and color) illustrations had on students who were classified as field independent, field neutral, and field dependent on tests measuring different educational objectives. The effects of visual and verbal formats were also examined. In general, results reveal an insignificant interaction between coding type and level of field dependence. However, field dependency was found to be an important instructional variable, and that for some types of learning objectives the process of color coding instructional materials may reduce achievement differences attributed to differences in cognitive style. Unexpectedly, students who received verbal tests across all field dependence levels achieved significant higher mean scores than did those who received the visual test formats.
Brief Group Therapy following Myocardial Infarction: Eighteen-Month Follow-up of a Controlled Trial
Authors: Rahe Richard H. , O'Neil Terry , Hagan Arthur , Arthur Ransom J.
Published: May 2005

Sixty post-myocardial infarction (MI) subjects have been followed for up to eighteen months' time following their MI. Thirty-eight of these subjects completed a brief series of four to six group therapy sessions during their early rehabilitation phase; the others received no group therapy. Both groups were placed on otherwise identical schedules of outpatient follow-up. Group therapy patients have, to date, experienced significantly fewer cardiac complications than controls. Only one death has occurred, and that one patient was in the control group. A coronary heart disease teaching evaluation questionnaire was given to a sample of group therapy patients, a sample of controls, and a comparison group of men without MI. Following their group therapy sessions, these men demonstrated significantly greater knowledge of their disease and its optimal rehabilitation than did control or comparison subjects. Control patients' questionnaire results proved to be insignificantly different from those of the comparison group.
Undergraduate Technical and Professional Writing Programs: A Question of Status
Authors: Cunningham Donald H. , Harris Jeanette G.
Published: May 2005

The results of our recent survey of the membership of the Association of Teachers of Technical Writing, Associated Writing Programs, and the Council of Writing Program Administration indicate the relative health of undergraduate writing programs (major, concentration, or certificate programs, not service courses) in American four-year universities and colleges. During the past five years there has been a significant increase in the number of undergraduate writing programs, including technical and professional writing. But responses to our survey also suggest that while undergraduate technical and professional writing programs comprise the second largest group of programs (behind creative writing) they are not increasing as rapidly as a new kind of undergraduate writing program—a broad-based program that students can complete by taking a wide range of creative writing, composition, journalism, and technical and professional writing courses. The future seems unclear for traditional undergraduate technical and professional writing programs, and faculties need to examine their options in designing or redesigning their programs.
Death Heaping in Vital Statistics
Authors: Byers Bryan , Zeller Richard A.
Published: May 2005

Several authors have maintained that there tends to be a practice in statistical record keeping for an individual's age to be rounded off to the nearest digit ending in zero or five. This practice has been termed “age heaping.” This is a well established tendency in census data. The present study attempts to expand the aforementioned premise of age heaping to the study of death or mortality records. Since it has been established that age heaping occurs, one might speculate that a similar occurrence may be present in mortality data. This study presents statistical data that support the idea of “death heaping” in state vital statistics. Specifically, the authors attempt to show the possibility for the death date to be assigned as the birth date when there may be no adequate record of the date of birth for an individual who dies.
Education and Training Requirements for Scientists and Engineers
Authors: Bezdek Roger H. , Getzel Barry
Published: May 2005

This paper presents estimates of the education and training requirements for detailed scientific and engineering occupations. GED and SVP levels are translated into yearly equivalents and the variances in these requirements are derived for the same occupation in different industries and for different occupations in the same industry. The changes in education and training requirements for scientists and engineers in the past decade are estimated and educational attainment in these occupations is compared to occupational requirements. Some implications of the findings presented here are briefly discussed and several serious deficiencies in U.S. occupational data are identified.
Assessment of Drug Abuse Prevention Curricula Developed at the Local Level
Authors: Bosworth Kris
Published: May 2005

Public schools are a critical site for drug abuse prevention and education. Although in recent years prevention curriculum developers have been able to identify successful strategies, it is not clear how well these findings have been transferred to local schools. This article reports on a study of schools that have developed their own drug abuse prevention curriculum. The process that these schools used is compared to a model of curriculum development. In general, the process that local schools use is characterized by high levels of involvement by a variety of personnel, low levels of training, little use of resources outside the school corporation, poor training of teachers who will be implementing the curriculum, and little evaluation. Availability of external funds for development from federal or state sources were powerful motivators for curriculum development. Recommendations for changes in professional development and curriculum materials availability are made.
Experimental Evaluation of “The Images Within”: An Alcohol Education and Prevention Program
Authors: Woodside Migs , Bishop Rosean M. , Miller Lynne T. , Swisher John D.
Published: May 2005

A program titled “The Images Within” was implemented and evaluated in three sites on the east coast of the United States. This school curriculum uses art work developed by children of alcoholics to stimulate classroom discussions of the problems of parental alcohol abuse. The evaluation with 278 experimental and 310 control students indicated increased knowledge about the effects of alcohol and improved skills in coping with alcohol problems and help seeking behavior. Process data indicated that related programs were initiated, students were stimulated by the program and teachers were positive in their perceptions of the program. Schools implementing this program need to have developed referral networks to handle the individual concerns that are expressed as a result of participation in “The Images Within.”
The Effect of Learning to Program in Logo on Reasoning Skills of Junior High School Students
Authors: Many Wesley A. , Lockard James , Abrams Peter D. , Friker Walter
Published: May 2005

This study was conducted to test the claim that Logo may enhance student problem solving and thinking skills. Of 171 junior high students who requested a Logo enrichment class, 113 were randomly assigned to Logo classes, fifty-eight remained controls. After nine weeks of daily instruction, the Logo treatment group scored significantly higher than the control group on the New Jersey Test of Reasoning Skills. However, a significant interaction between treatment and gender revealed no significant difference by treatment in the performance of female students. The study offers modest support for the efficacy of Logo in developing reasoning skills among seventh and eighth graders, but the benefit appears to accure mostly to males. Results do not differentiate the respective contributions of Logo and maturation.
Childhood Trauma and Adult Somatic Preoccupation by Body Area among Women in an Internal Medicine Setting: A Pilot Study
Authors: Sansone Randy A. , Gaither George A. , Sansone Lori A.
Published: May 2005

Objective:

This study was designed to explore the relationship between three types of abuse in childhood and their relationship to somatic preoccupation, in general and by body area, in adulthood.

Method:

Eighty-five women in an internal medicine clinic completed self-report measures of childhood sexual, physical, and emotional abuse as well as the Bradford Somatic Inventory.

Results:

Using simple correlations, all three types of abuse were positively related to current somatic preoccupation. Using multiple regression analysis that included demographic variables (education and age) and the three forms of childhood abuse, only the demographic variables and sexual abuse were uniquely predictive of somatic preoccupation. To determine the relationship between childhood abuse and somatic symptoms based on body area (head, chest, stomach, throat) and fatigue, a series of multiple regression analyses were performed. The chest and throat areas were significant, but no abuse variable was uniquely predictive.

Conclusions:

Among females in adulthood, all studied forms of abuse in childhood appear to contribute to general somatic preoccupation, as well as specific somatic symptoms in the chest and throat areas. Sexual abuse, specifically, is a unique predictor for general somatic preoccupation, but not necessarily specific body areas.
Understanding Children's Literature and its Relationship to Fantasy Ability and Coping
Authors: Goldstein Amy B. , Russ Sandra W.
Published: May 2005

The present study examined the relationship between the ability to engage in fantasy activity and the ability to understand a fantasy message in literature. The study also examined the relationships among pretend play, fantasy, and coping abilities. Participants were 55 first-grade children. After being assessed for pretend play and fantasy abilities, the children heard a reading of Where the Wild Things Are by Maurice Sendak. Following the story, the children engaged in three tasks that assessed understanding of the story. The children's ability to cope with a situation similar to the one in the story was also assessed. While the majority of children enjoyed listening to the story, no relationship was found between pretend play/fantasy ability and the ability to understand the fantasy message in the story. As predicted, pretend play/fantasy ability was significantly positively related to coping ability. Children's understanding of the story was not related to the ability to cope with a situation similar to the one in the story. The roles of cognitive development and reading readiness need to be considered in understanding the results, as it appears that children this age are focused on the mechanics of learning to read. The finding that pretend play and fantasy ability were related to coping suggests that fantasy ability is a resource for children that might facilitate flexible thinking and problem solving.
Situational Correlates of Death Anxiety: Reactions to Funeral Practices
Authors: Selby James W.
Published: May 2005

A pattern of correlations was found between self-reported death anxiety and the respondents' reactions and preferences in a situation directly related to death -funerals. Statements reflecting subjective distress and those reflecting an avoidance behavior showed positive relationships with death anxieties and seem congruent with avoidance responses in other anxiety-provoking situations. By contrast with the situational correlates of death anxiety, no relationship was found for a variety of demographic and personal variables (age, number of deaths among relatives and close friends within the last two years, etc.). The present data are exploratory only, but do indicate the importance of identifying situational cues that elicit death anxiety.
The British Offshore Oil Industry after Piper Alpha
Authors: Woolfson Charles , Beck Matthias
Published: May 2005

In 1988, the explosion of the Piper Alpha platform claimed 167 lives, making it the world's worst offshore oil disaster. Following this disaster, the U.K. offshore regulatory regime underwent a fundamental reconstruction which was based on the principles of self-regulation and goal-setting. This article argues that there has been no clearly discernable pattern of improvement in terms of offshore incidents since the post-Piper Alpha reforms. The authors attribute this lack of improvement to three principal factors, namely, the lack of effective workforce participation and representation in safety matters, the oil industry's strategic use of “veto points” and, lastly, the failure of the new regulator to police offshore safety and to adequately deter rogue operators.
Bereaved Families: A Comparison of Parents' and Grandparents' Reactions to the Death of a Child
Authors: Ponzetti James J.
Published: May 2005

Most research has dealt with the bereaved person as an individual and ignored the context in which the person grieves. The occurrence of a death in the family is experienced in various ways, depending on the nature of the relationships within the family. The purpose of this study was to investigate how different family members experience a child's death by comparing the grief reactions of parents and grandparents within the same family. Most parents and grandparents reported subjectively experiencing affective changes in reflecting on the death that did not appear to alter behavior patterns. The majority of parents mentioned that they felt or acted differently toward their surviving children as a result of the death, whereas only one third of the grandparents noted any differences toward their grandchildren. Overall, parents' reactions centered on their deceased child whereas grandparents' concerns focused on their children (i.e., the parents of the deceased child).
Global Corporate Policy for Financing Health Services in the Third World: The Structural Adjustment Crisis
Authors: Ahasan Rabiul , Partanen Timo , Keyoung Lee
Published: May 2005

Western nations and international financiers are usually the donors for most of the Third World countries. International funds allocated for development projects in these nations are under control of such groups, in which global corporate policy, bureaucracy, and neo-liberalization play a major role. International financiers also bias the socio-political, environmental, local administration, and even public health policy of the poor nations. Financial packages are usually sanctioned, distributed, and reimbursed under strict terms and conditions that Third World nations must heed and agree to with the fundamental commitment to change accordingly. Obviously, these terms and conditions are complicated for local governmental authorities. In most of the implementation phase of a project supported by foreign loan/aid, the efficient features of their own or the donors may be reflected, while the proposal and prospects for the actual benefits are left to the local populace. Cutting government spending and neglecting the benefits to poor people, global capitalism maintains corporate policy that may also focus on the goals of profit making instead of public benefit. As such, enhancing privatization, structural adjustments have been devised by the international financiers in many sectors. The reason is that private sectors must necessarily comply with the market dynamics of free choice and with the belief that it could be more efficient and equitable than the local government's action. It is thus important that healthcare professionals, government officials, and others solicit their opinions about international policy on privatization programs through a range of cost-benefit analyses. In order to identify and evaluate the negative effects of structural adjustment, this article comments on international policy for financing health services in the Third World.
Contents and Forms Theory of Self-Awareness
Authors: Zaborowski Zbigniew , Slaski Slawomir
Published: May 2005

The authors of this article state that contemporary social psychology lacks wider, more general theory encompassing the middle range and micro psychological theories. Thus, the original contents and forms (CF) theory of self-awareness is proposed with the hope that it is going to become such a wider psychological theory. This expectation is based on the fact self-awareness is present in cognitive, emotional, and motivation processes, in dissonance and attributions, etc. CF theory of self-awareness makes a distinction between self-awareness contents and its processing form or modes. The content is divided into external and internal ones, which can be processed in any of four self-awareness forms: individual, defensive, outer, and reflective. Self-awareness operates in a dynamical way, and is functional with respect to personality and external conditions. The internal contents are associated with a greater self-focusing than the external ones. The forms of self-awareness organize, order, and integrate the self-awareness content and in doing so they influence behavior. The article discusses the relationship between the CF theory and other approaches to self-awareness; it also suggests some new research directions.
Learning about Sexual Meaning and Decision-Making from Urban Adolescents
Authors: Schensul Jean J.
Published: May 2005

This article uses examples of research conducted by teams of urban youth researchers assisted by adult social scientists to illustrate the utility of two approaches to cultural research on sexuality, narrative research, and scripting theory. Narrative research is based on analysis of personal stories of life experiences; scripting theory points to cultural scripts as important in shaping and changing sexual norms. Examples of youth studies demonstrate how sexuality is situated among other issues in the life of urban teens, define sexual norms by age and gender, and identify scripted patterns of sexual sequencing. Methods used in conceptualization and data collection model negotiation skills needed for successful sexual decision making. The article concludes with a discussion of the relative merits of involving youth as partners in exploring adolescent sexuality. It describes how such partnerships can be created so that cultural research can be conducted from a youth perspective, and new knowledge integrated into socially constructed approaches to understanding and preventing risky sexual behaviors in young people.
The Effects of Specialized Training in Alcohol Information for Counseling Students
Authors: McDermott Diane , Tricker Raymond , Farha Nicholas
Published: May 2005

The alcoholism problem in the United States has reached proportions impossible to ignore. It follows that we need trained professionals in significant numbers to deal with the alcoholic population. Graduate programs, however, provide little or no course offerings in the area of specific training for dealing with alcoholics. In academia some attempts have been made to address this situation. However, budget restrictions, limited marketability of counselors with specialized training, and the superiority of the generalist training model are some of the main arguments that have compromised adequate chemical dependence training. The research literature, however, is replete with studies indicating the need for specialized training to prepare mental health professionals to work as competent alcohol counselors. The focus of this research was to examine the effect of specific training for counseling students in preparing them to work with alcoholic clients. The results of the analyses indicated that a training session specifically designed for working with alcoholic populations significantly increased the objective knowledge base of counseling students, although the single training session was not enough to significantly improve subjective judgment and response scores. This research emphasizes a need for specialized training in counseling programs for alcohol counselors. Further, it is implied that training programs should include at least one semester-long course on alcohol remediation for counseling students.
The Complete English Tradesman: Daniel Defoe and the Emergence of Business Writing
Authors: Di Renzo Anthony
Published: May 2005

Daniel Defoe, one of the pioneers of the English novel, primarily earned his living as a journalist, pamphleteer, proposal writer, and freelance business consultant. A born entrepreneur, Defoe's many projects included promoting and marketing the first practical diving bell, designing commercial fisheries and improving London's sewer system, producing a series of popular self-help manuals, and founding and editing the first English technical writing journal, The Projector. These were the products of Defoe's indefatigable pen, and the utilitarian simplicity of his business and technical writing has strongly influenced English prose ever since. This article will examine two major pieces of Defoe's professional writing: An Essay of Projects, (1698) a portfolio of his best proposals, and the landmark The Complete English Tradesman (1725), the first English business writing manual. These and similar texts would form the loam of Defoe's great novels, Robinson Crusoe (1719), Moll Flanders (1721), and A Journal of a Plague Year (1722). While Defoe's professional writing shaped his creative writing, his gifts as a novelist—his plain, demotic style, his knack for concise narrative and analytical summary, his ability to create convincing personas through textual documentation—shaped his business writing. Both forms of writing made him the premier spokesperson of a new social and economic order.
Undergraduates Who Attempt Suicide Compared with Normal and Psychiatric Controls
Authors: Wolfe Richard , Cotler Sheldon
Published: May 2005

Comparisons on 19 demographic variables were made among 81 undergraduates who had made a suicide attempt, 81 “psychiatric” controls, and 81 “normal” controls, all matched for sex and academic status. In addition, a representative sample of 23 suicide attempters was compared with 23 matched “psychiatric” and 23 matched “normal” controls on four psychological and four psychotherapy expectancy scales. Results supported the hypotheses that the suicide attempters would show significantly more depression, somatic complaint, and social isolation than the “normal” students. Analyses failed to yield consistent differences between the suicide attempters and matched “psychiatric” controls. Implications for suicide prevention are discussed.
Health, Health Services, and Health Planning in Cuba
Authors: Navarro V.
Published: May 2005

The profound changes which have occurred in the Cuban health services since 1958 are described and appraised in this article. The first part treats the main socioeconomic policies, particularly the urban and agrarian reforms, that have had an equalizing effect on the distribution of resources (including health resources) between regions and social classes. These socioeconomic developments have determined changes in mortality and morbidity patterns, particularly in the control of waterborne diseases, in the reduction of the level of malnutrition, and in the increasing prevalence of chronic conditions. The second part describes the main characteristics of the health services development in the last decade: centralization of inpatient facilities; decentralization of ambulatory ones; and the training of large numbers of physicians, paramedical personnel, and, especially, auxiliary personnel. The health services are structured according to a regional model that aims at the integration of preventive with curative services, personal with environmental, and medical with social services. Within this model, great priority is given to primary care, especially in the rural areas, where the greatest benefits of the restructuring of the system have been realized. The education and training of human resources, particularly of physicians, in response to the requirements of the system and the flight of nearly half the medical manpower after the Revolution, are also discussed in this section. The third part of the article describes the process of decision—making and planning in Cuba today, with special emphasis on the health sector. This process is highly centralized in plan preparation but highly decentralized in plan implementation. The medical profession has a definitive and decisive influence in the preparation of the plans, through the very powerful advisory planning task forces. The advantages and disadvantages of this active participation are discussed. Plan implementation is accomplished with massive participation by the population and its organs, the mass organizations, which partly explains the great achievements of the public health programs. The relationship between decision—makers and planners, not always an easy one, is also analyzed.
Politics and Equity in Policy-Making for the Medically Uninsured
Authors: Brown Lawrence D.
Published: May 2005

A sizable number of Americans (many of low income) lack health insurance, and their ranks grew over the 1980s. One might expect to find vigorous political efforts to redress this inequity. In fact, conflicting normative and practical images of equity have blunted the sense of urgency of the problem, inhibited agreement on the proper division of labor between the market and government, and blocked consensus on strategic models for public policy for the uninsured.
Sex Discrimination after Death: A Replication, Extension and a Difference
Authors: Spilka Bernard , Lacey Gerald , Gelb Barbara
Published: May 2005

The present work is an extension of that initiated by Kastenbaum, Peyton and Kastenbaum on subtle expressions of sex discrimination after death. Examination of obituaries in two newspapers in Denver over one year revealed some tendencies for males to be disproportionately represented. These findings disappeared over time. Male obituaries were longer than those for females, but when occupational content was removed, length was equal for both sexes. Men were also represented more in photographs than women, but again this bias was eliminated over time. The earlier work of Kastenbaum and his associates is weakly confirmed: however, the need for further research is evident.
Fostering Thinking with Declarative Programming and Story Telling: A Microworld of Space Travel and Robots
Authors: Lopez Antonio M.
Published: May 2005

Due to pervasively poor test scores around the country in mathematics and reading, educators are seeking to foster thinking across the curriculum. This article shows that a declarative programming environment and story telling can be used for the knowledge restructuring required to stimulate and motivate higher order thinking skills.
Joseph Priestley, William Duncan and Analytic Arrangement in 18th-Century Scientific Discourse
Authors: Moran Michael G.
Published: May 2005

With the rise of science, 18th-century logic and rhetoric began to make use of inductive patterns of discourse. In logic, William Duncan discussed two methods of organizing extended discourse, the methods of analysis and synthesis. Analysis represents the movement of thought as the thinker or writer works through a problem to discover its solution. This method is actually an early form of what is now known as problem solving that Joseph Priestley, a rhetorician as well as a scientist, introduced into rhetoric. He uses analysis in his scientific writing, especially in his Experiments on Different Kinds of Air, in the form of a five-stage mental operation or heuristic that records the progress of his thoughts as he experimented on air to isolate and identify oxygen.
The Buffalo Creek Disaster: Extent and Range of Emotional and/or Behavioral Problems
Authors: Church June S.
Published: May 2005

This study explores the psychological impact of a flood disaster resulting from a dam break on February 26, 1972, in an area called Buffalo Creek situated in Logan County, West Virginia The tragedy caused the deaths of 118 people and 7 are still missing. In addition, numerous communities were virtually obliterated. Contained herein are some case studies of the emotional manifestation of the crisis, some therapeutic interventions, and some suggestions that appear powerful to ameliorate or to prevent the emotional trauma generated by disasters that destroy populated areas.
Cognitive Consequences of Programming: Achievements of Experienced and Talented Programmers
Authors: Mandinach Ellen B. , Linn Marcia C.
Published: May 2005

To understand the factors leading to success in programming courses it is helpful to examine the background of successful students. In this study we examined the influences of general ability, computer-related and general experience, perception of programming performance, and gender. We also studied the relationship between the form of classroom instruction and performance of successful students. Results indicated that the most successful students did not progress far along the chain of cognitive accomplishments of programming, gained their skills primarily from classroom instruction, and were not necessarily high in general ability or owners of home computers. These results have strong implications for classroom instruction.
Applying the Theory of Successful Intelligence to Psychotherapy Training and Practice
Authors: Kaufman Scott B. , Singer Jerome L.
Published: May 2005

The theory of successful intelligence developed and tested by Robert Sternberg attempts to predict success in life across analytical, creative, and practical dimensions. This article presents the theory of successful intelligence as a useful framework for incorporating various psychotherapy techniques. Application of the theory has effectively trained teachers to enhance important skills in normally functioning children and adolescents, as well as adults in real world settings. Presumably it can be taught to therapists to be applied in a psychotherapy setting. In support of this argument, the article is divided into four sections. First, a definition of the theory of successful intelligence is presented. Second, empirical efforts for construct validation of the theory—both internal and external—are described. Third, the research that has been conducted on each aspect of the theory (analytical, creative, and practical) is discussed along with related constructs from the field of psychotherapy. Fourth, an example of the use of the theory in clinical practice is described, drawn from older case material which actually anticipated the uses of analytical, creative, and practical skill development with a depressed client.
The Use of Role Playing Techniques as an Instructional Aid in Teaching about Dying, Death, and Bereavement
Authors: Barton David , Crowder Miles K.
Published: May 2005

Role playing exercises are useful in teaching health care professionals about issues related to dying, death, and bereavement. This paper includes examples of role playing vignettes related to attitudes toward death, the dynamics of family interaction in the context of life-threatening illness, the consideration of an ethical issue, displaced anger toward the caregiver, the role of personality traits in adaptation to illness, and consideration of religious issues. The vignettes simulate clinical situations, facilitate observable interpersonal transactions, provide confrontation, illustrate psychodynamic principles and highlight dimensions involved in caring for the dying patient and his family. The exercises allow students to integrate the experiential and cognitive components of the teaching situation. Role playing is particularly useful in teaching a multidisciplinary class, encouraging the reevaluation of preconceived stereotypes, and facilitating the observation and working through of role conflict.
NovaNET Applications within Innovative Course Design for Preservice Teachers
Authors: Powell Jack V.
Published: May 2005

During the past decade, computerized simulation and six related CBI lessons on the NovaNET (formerly PLATO) instructional delivery system have been pioneered into an early childhood preservice teacher education program at a large southeastern university.1 Related research has shown that this mode of instruction is highly effective in undergraduate teacher education. Approximately 450 subjects (experimental and controlled) have already taken five CBI lessons or responded to an attitudinal survey related to computers in education. These lessons were carefully selected because of their relationship to the scope and sequence of a prerequisite curriculum course to student teaching. Positive results related to integrating CBI into one section of a curriculum course over seven years, have inspired the expansion of this mode of instruction to three to four other sections of the same course. Implementation of CBI into other areas of the early childhood curriculum is also optimistic.
How Were North American Sites of the Pleistocene-Holocene Transition Discovered?
Authors: Hall Roberta L. , McCarthy Donna , Hall Don Alan
Published: May 2005

This article reports on a database categorizing the processes of discovery used in 323 North American archaeological sites that have an antiquity of at least 7,500 years. It discusses tabulations of discovery processes, types of material found in these sites, and methods used in dating them. These findings provide a context for research strategies currently used in seeking evidence of human occupation during the Pleistocene-Holocene transition.
Changes in Hospitals and General Practice under Social Security in New Zealand
Authors: Dixon C. W.
Published: May 2005

New Zealand has had state–financed hospital and general practitioner medical care for some 30 years. The system of deploying such money, in particular the method of payment of doctors, does have marked effects on the standard of medical care. However, considerable changes in medical knowledge and in the doctors' attitudes have occurred simultaneously, thus making the pattern of medical care subject to many influences.
Health Promotion among Older Populations
Authors: German Pearls
Published: May 2005

This article advocates the importance of health promotion among the aged. Basic issues regarding health education are explored along with barriers against and arguments for increasing such activities. Ways in which the surrounding environment has changed because of the “aging” of America are described. Proposed strategies focus on promotion of health, particularly on maintenance and rehabilitation as aspects of secondary prevention.
Gender Differences among Parents Who Experience the Death of an Infant Weighing Less Than 500 Grams at Birth
Authors: Kavanaugh Karen
Published: May 2005

Gender differences among parents experiencing the death of a live-born infant weighing less than 500 grams at birth have not been examined. This article presents the gender differences that were observed in a phenomenological study that examined the experiences of parents surrounding the death of a live-born infant weighing less than 500 grams at birth. A total of eighteen interviews were conducted with five mothers and three of their husbands between four and fifteen weeks after the loss. First, at the time of the loss, fathers reported a loss of control and a concern for the mother, and mothers reported extreme sadness. Second, as parents made the adjustment at home, fathers continued to show concern for the mother and coped by keeping busy. In comparison to fathers, mothers reported intense responses, coped by talking about the loss, experienced more difficult situations with others, such as being around infants, and had more difficulty making sense of the loss.
Electronic Spreadsheets: Which One to Teach?
Authors: Simpson Claude L. , Wilkie Macil , Cato Ed , Creighton Walter
Published: May 2005

This research focused on what computing subjects ought to be taught to accountancy and other college students. Two hundred forty-one executives in the National Association of Accountants responded to a survey about their opinions of what spreadsheet and other software packages should be taught to accountancy students. The general conclusion reached from this research is that spreadsheets, data bases, and word processing should be required of all accountancy graduates. Considerable emphasis was given to the use of Lotus 1-2-3 as the spreadsheet to be used in these courses.
The Political and Moral Economy of Aging: Not Such Strange Bedfellows
Authors: Minkler Meredith , Cole Thomas R.
Published: May 2005

The authors develop E. P. Thompson's concept of moral economy as a useful complement to contemporary political economic analysis in problem areas involving moral conflict. Defined as the shared assumptions underlying norms of reciprocity in which an economic system is grounded, moral economy is seen as holding particular relevance for the study of aging. The evolution of pension systems, the “senior revolt” against catastrophic coverage in the United States, and debates over the allocation of health resources between generations are used to illustrate the utility of a combined political and moral economy for enriching our understanding in these areas. Marx's concept of a “morality of emancipation” is described as holding particular promise for the development of a new moral economy of old age that would move beyond alienation by giving broad attention to quality of life issues at each stage of the life course.
General Medical and Specialty Mental Health Service Use for Major Depression
Authors: Burns Barbara J. , Wagner H. Ryan , Gaynes Bradley N. , Wells Kenneth B. , Schulberg Herbert C.
Published: May 2005

Objective:

While major depression is common, many depressed persons receive, at best, inadequate treatment. A first step in remedying inadequate detection and treatment of major depression requires understanding the pathways into treatment—from situations of no care, to disease recognition, to referral and appropriate treatment—as well as identifying factors associated with movement between these several stages.

Methods:

Using the Epidemiologic Catchment Area sample, we identified factors associated with treatment in the general medical or mental health specialist section, or no treatment in a subsample of individuals with current major depression.

Results:

Strikingly, one-fourth of the sample received no services, over half received care in the general medical sector, and only one-fifth accessed a mental health specialist. Among those receiving any health services (general or mental), men and respondents reporting suicidal symptoms were at risk of receiving no care, while perceived poor health and a cluster of core depressive symptoms were associated with increased odds of service use (general or mental). Among respondents receiving general medical services, perceived poor health, core depressive symptoms, a history of depression, and comorbid mental conditions increased the odds of treatment in the specialty mental health sector.

Conclusions:

The findings emphasize the need for public health initiatives to 1) improve detection and movement into treatment among those at risk of receiving no care; and 2) insure that, once within the health care system, the processes of primary care treatment and specialty referrals conform to evidence-based treatment guidelines.
An Integrated Analysis of Verbal and Nonverbal Interaction in Conventional and Distance Learning Environments
Authors: Offir Baruch , Lev Yossi , Lev Yael , Barth Ingrid , Shteinbok Arkadi
Published: May 2005

As increasing numbers of educational institutions implement distance learning (DL) programs, educators need to know how teaching and learning processes change when teachers and learners are no longer in the same place at the same time. Understanding the theoretical and practical implications of these changes can help teachers to compensate learners for the limitations that often characterize a DL environment. In this article, we describe how we used content analysis to identify how university lecturers' verbal and nonverbal dialogue patterns changed when they taught in both conventional and DL environments. Data, indicating significant cross-context changes in teacher-student interaction patterns, validate Moore's (1972, 1993) transactional distance theory. This theory predicts that the increased psychological and communicative space, which needs to be crossed in a DL environment, has a potentially negative effect on teaching and learning. Empirical evidence of changes in specific categories of interaction also expands the conceptualization of the dialogue variable in Moore's theory. The focus of this article on verbal dialogue and nonverbal interactions was intended to clarify possible causes and effects of increased transactional distance in a DL environment. Our integrated analysis of verbal and nonverbal interactions was intended to identify types of compensatory strategies adopted by teachers in an attempt to reduce transactional distance. Teachers could use these results to manage the dialogue variable more effectively in both DL and conventional learning environments.
Scaffolding Critical Thinking in an Online Course: An Exploratory Study
Authors: Sharma Priya , Hannafin Michael
Published: May 2005

This study examined the influence of scaffolding on the development of critical thinking skills in an online course on Instructional Design. Data were collected through interviews and document artifacts from five participants of the online course. Findings indicated that participants' critical thinking moved through three stages from mirroring, to distortion, to re-construction. Engagement in critical thinking was affected by reflection, feedback, project context, self-perceptions as learners, and prior knowledge.
Voice-Feedback as a Scaffold for Writing: A Comparative Study
Authors: Lehrer Richard , Levin Barbara B. , Dehart Paula , Comeaux Michelle
Published: May 2005

Fifteen preschool and kindergarten children were assigned randomly to one of three conditions of writing instruction: paper and pencil, word processor, and word processor with voice-aided feedback. All children received identical, language-based instruction in writing from each of three instructors for twelve weeks, twice each week. Instructors were rotated among conditions, so each instructor taught each group for four weeks. Results suggested that voice-aided word processing acted as a scaffold for young children's composition by promoting the acquisition of several components of preschool literacy including symbol-sound and sound-symbol associations, and metacognitive awareness of the purposes and processes of writing.
Adult Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinosis Presenting with Psychiatric Symptoms: A Case Report
Authors: Augustine Annamma , Fricchione Gregory , Woznicki Robert , Broberg Darla , Holt Jonathan
Published: May 2005

Objective:

Psychiatric symptoms can occur early in the course of neurodegenerative metabolic conditions like Kufs' disease. This report is an illustration of a case where the diagnosis was considered primarily psychiatric till MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) of the brain was found abnormal.

Method:

A case of adult neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (NCL) or Kufs' disease in a 24 year old white female who presented with phobic symptoms, behavioral changes, thought disorder and depressed mood prior to the onset of seizures is reported. She was referred to psychiatry for further treatment. We report the various features of the case including the peculiar finding in the MRI of the head.

Results:

The MRI finding was unique in that it revealed extensive cortical gray matter lesions. This finding led to further investigations. Kufs' disease was diagnosed following a brain biopsy. The MRI finding is noteworthy because it is not typical of previously published cases. The patient was treated with tegretol mainly to control seizures. The overall prognosis seemed poor since patient showed break through seizures in two months.

Conclusions:

Clinicians should consider neurological or medical conditions and pursue further investigations in psychiatric patients when they concurrently or later develop subtle neurologic symptoms, idiopathic seizures or cognitive deficits.
Psychiatric Aspects of Life-Threatening Illness: A Course for Medical Students
Authors: Liston Edward H.
Published: May 2005

Instructing medical students about the psychiatric aspects of life-threatening illness has been a neglected area in medical education. Only one course to date has been described in spite of the clear need for communications among educators on this subject. To help reduce this deficiency a course for medical students which includes seminar discussions and patient interviews is reported. Student response to the course has been excellent and supports the view that instruction in this area should be a required component of medical student education.