bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
INFLUENCE OF PREY (ARTEMIA NAUPLII) DENSITIES ON THE SURVIVAL, GROWTH AND FEED CONSUMPTION OF SPOTTED SCAT SCATOPHAGUS ARGUS LARVAE, AN INDO-PACIFIC ORNAMENTAL FISH REARED UNDER CONTROLLED CONDITION
Authors: Noornissabegum Magbooljan , Madhavi Mookkan , Mohanasundari Loganathan
Published: March 2022

Spotted Scat (Scatophagus argus) is a popular brackish water Ornamental fish but currently sourced largely from the wild. To optimize the conditions on the food ration to be supplied and rearing with live feed, an experiment was conducted to evaluate the survival and growth with different rations of Artemia nauplii under laboratory conditions. 10-day post-hatch (DPH) hatchery produced larvae of Scat with a mean length of 4.07±0.00 mm were stocked @ 10 fish L-1 in 50 L fiber tanks filled with 30-L of filtered sea water and fed with five different prey densities of 4, 8, 12, 16 and 20 nauplii ml-1 day-1. An experiment was conducted for 15 days and was performed with six replicates. Survival of S.argus larvae improved linearly (80% to 100%) with feeding density. The higher feeding level of 20 nauplii ml-1day-1 showed a significant (p less than 0.05) increase in growth (13.6±0.08 mm/138.3±2.70 mg) of S. argus larvae, compared to the lower densities of 4, 8, 12 and 16 nauplii ml-1day-1. The foraging and their feeding behavior of larvae were observed regularly and the performance indices were documented. The present findings are a first step towards the development of a production protocol for S. argus in the laboratory. Our results demonstrated the importance of live feed Artemia nauplii as prey for rearing S. argus larvae and suggests a reliable consumption pattern with reference to the feed availability and its effect on their growth.
GRAPHENE OXIDE-MODIFIED V2O5 NANOPARTICLES: SYNTHESIS, CHARACTERIZATION AND MORPHOLOGICAL PROPERTIES
Authors: Kalaiarasi S. , Shyamala S. , Kavitha M. , Muthuchudarkodi R. R.
Published: March 2022

In the present investigation, reduced graphene oxide/Vanadium oxide (rGO/V2O5) nanocomposite was synthesized by the chemical synthesis method. Reduced Graphene oxide was synthesized by Hummer’s method. rGO/V2O5 nanocomposite was also successfully synthesized using ammonium metavanadate as the source of vanadium. The crystalline structure, optical properties, and morphology of rGO/V2O5 nanocomposite were characterized by UV-VIS spectroscopy, IR spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies, Photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy and Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM) with EDAX spectroscopy. The optical property was analyzed using UV-Vis and Photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy. The XRD spectrum showed diffraction peaks corresponding to the crystal planes of crystalline vanadium oxide. The XRD data confirms that V2O5 has an orthorhombic structure. The morphological studies of the nanocomposite revealed crystal-like morphology. The energy dispersive analysis confirmed the presence of Carbon, vanadium and oxygen in the doped rGO/V2O5 lattice. The PL results revealed the emission peak at 617nm and 397nm for V2O5 and rGO/V2O5 nanocomposite, respectively.
FABRICATION, OPTIMIZATION AND EX-VIVO CHARACTERIZATION OF FEBUXOSTAT LOADED NANOSTRUCTURED LIPID CARRIER BY 3 SQUARE FULL FACTORIAL DESIGN
Authors: Varia Umang , Khatri Ritiksha , Katariya Hitesh , Detholia Krunal
Published: March 2022

Nano Structured Lipid Carriers (NLCs) are potential alternative of the tradition colloidal drug carrier. The main benefit is related to the well-known concept that lipids used in nanoparticle formulation promote drug oral absorption because they go through the same physiological mechanism as food lipid digestion. The objective of the present work is to use potential carrier NLCs for the oral delivery of poorly soluble drug Febuxostat (FEB). FEB-NLCs were formulated by High Speed Homogenization with Ultra sonication method using Capmul GMS 50 K as solid lipid and Transcutol HP as a liquid lipid. The 32 full factorial design utilized to study the effect of influence of solid lipid to liquid lipid ratio and concentration of surfactant, on the particle size and entrapment efficiency. Mean particle size and entrapment efficiency were found for all prepared formulation in the range of 196.66±2.08 nm to 368.33±2.51 nm and 74.80±0.52 % to 86.47±0.749 % respectively. Zeta potential was -15.2mv which is negative enough to give good stability. TEM study shows good spherical morphology of particle with diameter less than 200nm. In-vitro and Ex-Vivo study revel that NLCs gives biphasic release of the drug; first initial burst release and then sustained release up to 24 hour. The formulated NLCs dispersion was successfully converted in to the free flowing powder using trehalose as a cryoprotectant. In conclusion, FEB-NLCs potential carrier for the oral delivery and controlled release of drug which may reduce dosing frequency and improve patient compliance.
DEVELOPMENT AND DESIGNING TRANDOLAPRIL TOPICAL FILM FOR MANAGEMENT OF CARDIAC STROKE
Authors: Maruti More Swapnil , Shirsat Mrunal K.
Published: March 2022

Transdermal drug delivery system (TDDs) is novel specified dosage forms, when drug deliver through the skin at controlled rate to the systemic circulation as applied to the intact skin. The present investigation is to prepared transdermal films of trandolapril intended for controlled release polymeric transdermal patch for a care of cardiac patients. The objective of current work is to develop the polymeric transdermal patch for immediate release of drug materials. The transdermal film of trandolapril was prepared by using various combinations of the polymers with solvent evaporation technique. The proposed formulations have a number of variables i.e. plasticizers, penetration enhancers, rate controlling process and adhesion on skin. We may apply biologically active permeation enhancers i.e. Isopropyl myristate, Propylene glycol and Mineral oils etc. The result concluded that polymers chitosan have hydrophilic nature and able to enhance spreadability and dispersibility of the water soluble trandolapril enhanced drug release more than 95.5% within a 6 - 7 h as needed for immediate release. The all evaluation parameters and in-vitro drug release study was used for selection of best polymeric film prepared with chitosan (2%) and PVP (1%) as plasticizer for the preparation of single layered transdermal film as first immediate release layer.
DEVELOPMENT OF TRIAZINE BASED DENDRIMER OF SALICYLIC ACID WITH INCREASED ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY
Authors: Joshi Megha , Dashora Kamlesh
Published: March 2022

The aim of this research work was to develop triazine based dendrimer of salicylic acid with increased antibacterial activity. Surface modification of dendrimer of generation 3 was performed by conjugation with polyethylene glycol (PEG). The amount of drug encapsulated in dendrimer was determined by the separation of drug loaded dendrimer from the suspension containing free drug by centrifugation. The suspension obtained after solvent evaporation was centrifuged. The amount of free drug in the supernatant was measured by UV spectrophotometer. The amount of drug entrapped into dendrimer was calculated as the difference between the drug used for formulation and the amount of drug in supernatant. Antibacterial activity shows promising results as prepared dendrimer drug conjugate shows better results with only 36.05 % entrapped drug as compared to standard drug. 36.05 % entrapped drug gives results more than as compared to standard drug sample. Results reveals that if we assume that the standard drug is completely entrapped, there will be approximately 2.5 fold increase in antibacterial activity. This study also reveals that salicylic acid and prepared dendrimer drug conjugates show better activity for S. aureus i.e. for gram positive bacteria.
HPLC BASED PROCEDURE DEVELOPMENT FOR MONITORING ACETIC ACID IN DACLATASVIR DRUG
Authors: Anwar Syed , Khan Pathan Mohd. Arif Ali
Published: March 2022

A process for determination of acetic acid (AAD) in Daclatasvir (DAC) active medicinal ingredients applying HPLC technique was developed. The process involved separation AAD using Phenomenex made Synergi polar RP-80A column with gradient manner of elution, employing mobile solvent phase with 0.1% phosphoric acid (solvent A) and acetonitrile (solvent B), at flow velocity of 0.6 ml/min and UV sensor examination at 210 nm. AAD linearity range was 5.01289μg/ml to 30.07733μg/ml with sensitivity of 1.65425μg/ml (LOD) and 5.01289μg/ml (LOQ). Accuracy towards AAD recoveries were 111.3 to 113.0%, 86.7 to 94.4% and 90.9 to 95.7%, and precision towards AAD’s RSD was 1.197% and 3.367%. The projected HPLC process could be applied to analysis of AAD in DAC active medicinal ingredients with sharp selectivity, better sensitivity, and high point accuracy.
PHOTOPHYSICAL ASPECTS OF POLARITY SENSITIVE FLUOROPHORE IN CATIONIC REVERSE MICELLES
Authors: Jeyarajan Helen Ratna Monica
Published: March 2022

In recent years, the field of reverse micelles has witnessed a significant growth of interest, partly due to the finding that proteins, other biopolymers, and even bacterial cells can be solubilized in the reverse micellar systems. Among surfactants capable of forming water in oil microemulsion, the cationic surfactant cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) has received particular attention because of its ability to solubilize relatively large amount of water in a variety of hydrophobic organic solvents. Due to versatile photochemical and photophysical properties of Ru(II) complexes, Ru(II)- phenanthroline and its derivatives were used in this present work to form CTAB cationic reverse micelles and studied to characterise their photophysical properties such as absorption, emission and excited state life time. The findings from the spectral data observed in the present study proves that the excited state properties of Ru(II)-phenanthroline complexes are dramatically altered in the presence of reverse micelle. Specifically reverse micelle encapsulation of [Ru(dpphen)3]2+ complex in restricted environment causes blue shift in the emission maximum as well as have longer radiative lifetime. The blue shift in the emission maximum in the case of [Ru(dpphen)3]2+ indicates that the probes are near the water in oil reverse micellar interface, tightly bound and are not displaced towards the water pool of the micelle even at the highest water loading W0=50, which reveals the increased hydrophobicity. This highest fluorescence lifetime can serve as an excellent indicator to point out the location of the probe in a microheterogeneous system/environment.
ANTIOXIDANT ENZYME ACTIVITY OF SHATHAVARIN- IV IN DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER UNDER OXIDATIVE STRESS
Authors: K.V. Kiran Kumar , S. Ashadevi J.
Published: March 2022

Shathavarin-IV is a bioactive compound (a steroidal saponin) of Asparagus racemosus. We examined the antioxidant effects of Shathavarin-IV associated with LPO in Drosophila. The antioxidant efficacy of the compound was evaluated through the determination of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) and LPO in the homogenate of the Shathavari-IV supplemented flies of D. melanogaster under stressed and non-stressed conditions. The oxidative stress was induced by paraquat exposure. All the analyses were carried out in males and females at two different concentrations of Shr-IV (1mg/ml and 10mg/ml of diet) fed groups. The induced oxidative stress by paraquat exposure was evidenced by significant declining in the level of SOD, CAT and G6PD with the increase in the level of LPO. In case of dose-I and dose-II pretreated flies, a significant diminishes in the level of LPO with significant increase of antioxidant enzymes were observed. The compound Shr-IV exhibited better level of protective ability in high dose treatment against the stress compared to low dose.
SYNTHESIS, CHARACTERIZATION AND IN-VITRO RELEASE STUDY OF MUTUAL PRODRUGS OF MESALAMINE AND SULPHONAMIDES AS AZO COMPOUNDS
Authors: Koshti Shivaji
Published: March 2022

Azo compounds studied as prodrugs of sulfacetamide and sulfathiazole were prepared by diazotization reaction in which sulfacetamide and sulfathiazole were coupled with salicylic acid. The newly synthesized azo compounds were inoculated with Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacterium species which secrete the azoreductase enzyme causing the release of the parent compound. These results have been utilized to propose that azoreductase enzyme acts for the reduction of -N=N-. The mechanism of the reaction is discussed on the basis of release in terms of the formation of compounds like sulfacetamide/sulfathiazole and mesalamine. The use of bacteria as an enzyme producing agent, and released compounds acting as the anti-ulcer agent can find a variety of applications for colon targeting agents in the field of medicinal chemistry.
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF TWO SOLVENT EXTRACTS OF CITRUS LIMON LEAVES IN ALLOXAN INDUCED HYPERGLYCEMIA IN MICE
Authors: Kumar Krishan , Rajput Ranju
Published: March 2022

The objective of the study was comparative study of two different solvent extracts of Citrus limon leaves in alloxaninduced hyperglycemia in mice. Ethanolic and methanolic extracts of lemon leaves were prepared using a Soxhlet extractor. Diabetes was induced in mice by intraperitoneal administration of alloxan (70 mg/kg b.w.) and blood glucose levels were measured by a glucose meter during the experimental study. The results were compared to both methanolic and ethanolic extracts at the same dose (150mg/kg b.w.). It was found that the methanolic lemon leaves extract was potent than ethanolic lemon leaves extract. The results showed a significant (P less than 0.05) reduction in blood glucose revert back to near normal level in alloxan-induced diabetic mice administered with (150 mg/kg b.w.) methanolic and ethanolic leaves extracts. Overall, the results suggest that both ethanolic and methanolic lemon leaves extract contains an effective anti-hyperglycemic potential which may find applied in the treatment of diabetes without causing toxic effects.
Pain in the spine and upper limbs among double bass players
Authors: Szczechowicz Jakub , Kania Marta
Published: March 2022

Aim of the study: The aim of this study was to analyse pain occurring in double bass players within the upper limb and spine. Materials and methods: Two groups were compared depending on the length of time the instrument was played and the anatomical structures that were subjected to the greatest loads were considered. A group of 50 musicians of different ages from 17 to 31 years old was included in the study. In order to obtain data on the frequency, location and nature of pain, a self-prepared questionnaire was used in electronic form. The survey was designed on the basis of available questionnaires used to study the diseases of instrumentalist musicians (Standardized Nordic questionnaires for the analysis of musculoskeletal symptoms and Evaluation of Performing Artist). Respondents answered questions not only about pain, but also factors that can significantly affect their course. The analysis of lifestyle or level of awareness in the field of occupational hazards and prevention was included in 30 open-ended and closed questions. Results: The results indicate a high percentage of double bass players suffering from pain. The most common pain in the surveyed double bass players it turned out to be pain in the lumbo-sacral segment, shoulder girdle, wrist and hand. The duration of the game had a negative impact on the severity of pain symptoms, which were often accompanied by other symptoms such as pain radiation, loss of concentration, or difficulties in making precise movements. Conclusions: It can be concluded that music work is subject to certain occupational risk and affects on the health of the musicians.
Use of Hiking Sticks in the Mountains – Recommendation of the Medical Commission of the Union Internationale des Associations d’Alpinisme (UIAA)
Authors: Koukoutsi Alexandra
Published: March 2022

Many hikers, mountaineers and climbers use telescopic sticks because they may aid walking up/downhill and may also ease the strain on the spine and the lower extremity joints particularly the knees. The reductions during downhill walking with hiking poles are caused primarily by the forces applied to the hiking poles and by a change in posture to a more forward leaning position of the upper body.In order to have any benefits from telescopic sticks, they must be used with the correct technique: The sticks must be height-adjustable and have handles that are constructed in a way that the user’s hands, when pressing down, firm support is provided (or gained). It is of utmost importance to use the sticks as close as possible to the body’s line of fall. It has been shown that there is no significant difference in using one or two sticks when walking without a load, but when walking with a load, balance is significantly enhanced by using two hiking sticks rather than one. Previously a possible loss of the ability to maintain balance in rough or exposed terrain (e.g. small ridges) has been discussed (Berghold, F. personal communication). However, this could not be supported by studies. At high altitude or in cold environment the sticks should not be adjusted too long (the hands should be lower than the elbow when using the stick), because otherwise the circulation will be impaired and the user will get cold fingers in a very short time.
Non-infectious Health Risks of Young Adults Serving in International Volunteer Services
Authors: Küpper Thomas , Neppach K. , Martin J. , Heggie Travis , Rieke B.
Published: March 2022

Introduction: Young people serving as volunteers in international projects show a different risk profile to “normal” travellers. Data are scarce. While infectious risks were published elsewhere we focus now on non-infectious risks. Material and methods: 153 questionnaires, obtained from volunteers returning from their project were evaluated. Questions included age, situation abroad (living space and work), travel experience, region of the project, language skills, pre-travel advise, type of problems abroad (accidents, traffic, violence, robbery, sexual assault, psychosocial stress etc.). Results: Several factors, normally not included in pre-travel advice, cause significant psychosocial stress which decreases a bit during the stay. Special problems are insufficient language skills, (subjective) safety at night, traffic / transport, and violence. Psychosocial stress was the most important reason to stop the activity and to return home ahead of schedule (4% of all volunteers). Conclusions: Pre-travel advice of young volunteers should include psychosocial factors and other topics additional to infectious diseases, vaccination, and hygiene. Sufficient training in common but minor medical problems (headache, sunburn, minor wounds) is a “must”. A comprehensive advice and training may need two days and may be realized in groups of 5 to 12 participants. Health and safety should become a more important topic of all projects.
GENETIC DIVERSITY OF GREEN CHIRETA (Andrographis paniculata (Burm.f.) Wall. Ex Nees.) FROM INDONESIA BASED ON ISSR AND RAPD MARKERS
Authors: ARIF MUHAMMAD FAUZI , SUBOSITI DYAH , SARI ANISKA NOVITA , ARISTYA GANIES RIZA , LESMANA INDRA , SRI KASIAMDARI RINA
Published: March 2022

Green chireta or Andrographis paniculata (Burm.f.) Wall. Ex Nees. is a medicinal plant widely used by traditional communities in Indonesia. The purpose of this study was to analyze the genetic diversity of A. paniculata in five mainlands from Indonesia using ISSR and RAPD markers. A total of 50 accessions of A. paniculata were used, DNA was amplified using six ISSR and six RAPD primers, generating 61 loci and 43 loci respectively. Genotype data scoring resulted in the percentage of polymorphism, Polymorphic Information Content, Shannon’s Information Index and unbiased expected heterozygosity. The genetic variation between the locations was measured with Principal Coordinate Analysis (PCoA) and pairwise Nei’s unbiased genetic distance. The data from this study revealed that the variation and diversity from accessions within the same island were low. The genetic variation was higher between accessions from different islands. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) was used to calculate the distribution of the variation between and within the A. paniculata population. The results showed the variation derived from the same location was 34% and from a different location was 66%. Genetic diversity provided information to help the further development and cultivation of A. paniculata in Indonesia
EFFECTS OF CARBON SOURCES, PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS AND INOCULUM SIZE ON Citrus suhuiensis CELL SUSPENSION CULTURE GROWTH
Authors: MOHAMAD PUAD NOOR ILLI , M. FATHIL NUR ALIA , AMID AZURA , AZMI AZLIN SUHAIDA
Published: March 2022

Cell suspension culture of Citrus suhuiensis (C. suhuiensis) was established to determine the best growth condition based on the effects of carbon source, plant growth regulators (PGRs) and inoculum size. Friable callus from the cotyledon explant was used to initiate the cell suspension cultures. Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 50 g/L glucose achieved the highest cell dry weight (CDW) and µmax of 23.2 g/L and 0.47 h-1 respectively compared to glucose at 30 g/L and other carbon sources. For PGRs effects, 0.5 mg/L 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) gave the highest amount of CDW and µmax; 11.91 g/L and 0.32 h-1. Furthermore, the inoculum size at 10% (v/v) gave the maximum CDW and µmax of

15.45 g/L and 0.71 h-1 respectively compared to 20% (v/v) and 30% (v/v) of inoculum. The results achieved can be used for further statistical optimization of C. suhuiensis cell suspension culture growth parameters in which the interactions between those parameters can be further studied and understood.
ACYL HOMOSERINE LACTONE LACTONASE BACTERIA POTENTIAL AS BIOCONTROL AGENT OF SOFT ROT INFECTION
Authors: SURYANTI ERMA , WAHYUDI ARIS TRI , AKHDIYA ALINA , RUSMANA IMAN
Published: March 2022

The virulence gene expression of phytopathogenic bacteria, such as Dickeya dadantii is regulated by quorum sensing (QS) mechanism. The QS mechanism is induced by acyl homoserine lactone (AHL) that is universal autoinducer of Gram-negative bacteria. Degradation of AHL compound can be used to control the virulence of phytopathogenic bacteria. The enzyme of AHL lactonase is encoded by the aiiA gene and can degrade the lactone ring of AHL. This study was aimed to characterize aiiA gene encoding AHL lactonase from 20 isolates of shrimp pond and soil forest, Indonesia and examine the isolates ability to reduce violacein pigment of Chromobacterium violaceum and soft rot disease symptoms caused by D. dadantii. The results showed nine bacterial isolates (B4, B10, B11, B13, B14, B16, B17, B18 and B19) containing the aiiA gene encoding AHL lactonase. Based on 16S rRNA gene identification, 9 isolates had the highest similarity with Bacillus toyonensis, B.cereus, B. thuringiensis, B. mycoides and B. subtilis. These isolates had the capability to reduce the formation of violacein pigment and the symptoms of soft rot disease in potatoes. These results show that the AHL lactonase produced by these isolates can be used as Quorum Quenching (QQ) agent to inhibit the QS mechanism
EFFECTS OF DRYING METHODS ON THE CHARACTERISTICS OF Pleurotus sajor-caju MUSHROOM
Authors: THI NGOC GIANG NGUYEN , NGUYEN MINH THUY
Published: March 2022

Mushrooms of the Pleurotus spp. are very sensitive and the shelf-life of mushrooms is limited, that is a few days under normal or low temperatures, which is a limitation in the distribution and marketing of fresh products. To extend their shelf life, drying methods need to be applied. Total drying time decreased with increased drying temperatures (960 and 330 min of drying at 40 and 70°C, respectively). The drying curve equations is establised as y=a.exp(-kt) (R2>0.95). These equations can be applied to predict moisture reduction during drying of Pleurotus spp. at the temperature ranges studied. Besides, effect of drying methods (convection, sun and solar drying) was investigated. Results showed that the quality of sample treated with solar drying was higher than others. In the solar drying samples, the highest protein, carbohydrate, flavonoid,

b-glucan content (in dry basis) were 16.22%, 24.84% and 5.82 mg QE/gm, 0.41%, respectively. The antioxidant capacity (FRAP and DPPH) was 362.58 mM Fe2+/gm and 62.35%, respectively. The lighter color was obtained for the mushroom dried using a solar dryer.
CLINICAL AND LABORATORY CHARACTERISTICS OF MULTISITEMIC INFLAMMATORY SYNDROME IN CHILDREN (MIS-C) ASSOCIATED WITH COVID-19
Authors: Поляхова Ю.Н. , Колесников А.Н.
Published: March 2022

В статье представлены данные личных клинических наблюдений за детьми, инфицированными SARS-CoV-2, а также недавно опубликованные данные крупного многоцентрового исследования. Основываясь на результатах наблюдений, необхо-димо отметить, что мультисистемный воспалительный синдром имеет тяжелое либо крайне тяжелое течение. При развитии альвеолокапиллярной дисфункции и пнев-монии часто в патологический процесс вовлекаются желудочно-кишечный тракт и нервная система. Усугубляет течение заболевания поражение сердечно-сосудистой системы и почек. В статье описаны проблемы ранней диагностики и предикторов ухудшения состояния у детей. В странах со средним доходом зачастую ограниченные ресурсы препятствуют проведению необходимых лабораторных и инструментальных исследований. Как результат, смертность пациентов с такой патологией в развива-ющихся странах значительно выше, чем в странах с высоким уровнем дохода. Пред-ложена возможность применять лейкоцитарные индексы с целью более раннего рас-познавания ухудшения состояния. На основании статистического анализа и частоты встречаемости симптомов при COVID-19, медицинские учреждения различных уровней имеют возможность определить границы оказания помощи в критических ситуациях.

The article presents data from personal clinical observations of children infected with SARS-CoV-2, as well as recently published data from a large multicenter study. Based on the results of observations, it should be noted that the multisystem inflammatory syndrome has a severe or extremely severe course. With the development of alveolocapillary dysfunction and pneumonia, the gastrointestinal tract and nervous system are often involved in the pathological process. Aggravates the course of the disease damage to the cardiovascular system and kidneys. The article describes the problems of early diagnosis and predictors of deterioration in children. In middle-income countries, often limited resources prevent the necessary laboratory and instrumental research. As a result, the mortality rate of patients with this pathology in developing countries is significantly higher than in high-income countries. The possibility of using leukocyte indices for the purpose of earlier recognition of deterioration is proposed. Based on statistical analysis and the frequency of symptoms in COVID-19, medical institutions at various levels have the opportunity to determine the boundaries of assistance in such situations.
PATHOMORPHOLOGICAL FEATURES OF COVID INFECTION (LITERATURE REVIEW)
Authors: Колесников А.Н. , Кузнецов О.Г. , Кучеренко Е.А. , Непомнящий Н.В.
Published: March 2022

Пандемия COVID-19 привела к тому, что врачи во всем мире столкнулись с ранее неизвестной инфекцией, поражающих преимущественно дыхательную систему, и сопровождающейся высокой летальностью заболевших. При этом существует дефицит объективной информации: публикации по данным вопросам, ежедневно появляющиеся в значительном объеме, зачастую противоречивы. Однако взгляды на ковид-инфекцию, как на типичную респираторную инфекцию, потеряли свою актуальность. В представленном литературном обзоре рассматриваются особенности влияния COVID-19 на различные системы и органы, с акцентом на патофизиологию и патоморфологию изменений. Особое внимание уделено так называемым органам-мишеням ковид-инфекции, что является принципиально важным при выборе правильной тактики лечения.

The COVID-19 pandemic has led to the fact that doctors around the world are faced with a previously unknown infection that mainly affects the respiratory system, and is accompanied by a high mortality rate. At the same time, there is a lack of objective information: publications on these issues, which appear daily in significant volumes, are often contradictory. However, views of covid infection as a typical respiratory infection have lost their relevance. The presented literature review examines the features of the impact of COVID-19 on various systems and organs, with an emphasis on the pathophysiology and pathomorphology of changes. Particular attention is paid to the so-called target organs of covid infection, which is fundamentally important when choosing the right treatment tactics.

COVID-19, target organs, diffuse alveolar injury, myocarditis, ACE-2 receptors
Анестезиологическое обеспечение и интенсивная терапия пострадавших с сочетанной травмой
Authors: Абазова И.С. , Тутуков И.С. , Шомахова Б.Ю. , Кабалоева М.В.
Published: March 2022

Под критическим состоянием следует понимать крайнюю степень любой, в том числе ятрогенной, патологии, при которой требуется искусственное замещение или поддержание жизненно важных функций, т.к. собственные компенсаторные механизмы оказываются несостоятельными [2].При общей тенденции в медицине к профилизации и самостоятельности направлений провести четкую грань между анестезиологией, реаниматологией, неотложной медициной оказалось весьма сложно, особенно при ориентации не на организационные рамки, а на их содержание. Они взаимосвязаны, дополняют и обогащают друг друга [1]. В экстремальных условиях неотложная помощь на догоспитальном этапе рассматривается в качестве важнейшей составной части реаниматологической помощи. Наоборот, разработанная в стране в последние годы концепция развития системы скорой помощи, ориентированная на повседневную практику, в определенной мере распространяется и на анестезиологическую помощь, и на интенсивную терапию в стационарах. Более того, когда анестезия у тяжелобольного или пострадавшего, очень трудно провести грань между анестезиологией и реаниматологией, тем более что в прикладном аспекте они являются составными частями единой специальности.
Лечение переломов грудины
Authors: Тутуков А.Б. , Абазова И.С. , Абу Т.Н. , Шомахова Б.Ю.
Published: March 2022

Травма грудной клетки составляет от 5 до 10% случаев госпитализации в травматологические центры и составляет 5% смертности. Ушиб легких может произойти как при наличии, так и без переломов вышележащих лёгких или травмы грудной стенки и грудины
THE WAYS TO INCREASE THE EFFICIENCY OF THE COUNTER BATTERY FIGHT IN MODERN CONDITIONS
Authors: Алборов А.Н.
Published: March 2022

В статье рассмотрены способы, повышающие эффективность контрбатарейной борьбы.

The article discusses ways to increase the effectiveness of counter-battery warfare.
COVID-19: HOW THE HEART RELEASE OFFENSES THE OXYGENATION INDEX AND OTHER QUESTIONS WITHOUT ANSWERS ...(PART 1)
Authors: Кучеренко Е.А. , Чернышова Е.А. , Кварацхелия Л.Г.
Published: March 2022

Пандемия нового тяжелого респираторного синдрома всколыхну- ла всю планету. Высокая летальность пациентов с коронавирусом обуславли- вает необходимость поиска и разработки достоверных диагностических па- раметров и критериев для прогнозировния течения и исхода заболевания.

A pandemic of a new severe respiratory syndrome has rocked the entire planet. The high mortality rate of patients with coronavirus necessitates the search and development of reliable diagnostic parameters and criteria for predicting the course and outcome of the disease. Purpose of the study: by studying known and new calculated indices, to evaluate the prognostic criteria for the course of COVID-19 and to develop a direction of therapy.
Nepenthes lavicola, a new species of Nepenthaceae from the Aceh province in the north of Sumatra
Authors: Wistuba Andreas , Rischer Heiko
Published: March 2022

Nepenthes lavicola, a new species of Nepenthes (Nepenthaceae) from Gunung Telong, Aceh province, Sumatra, Indonesia is described and illustrated.
Hay Nutritional Quality and Grassland Bird Nesting: Impact of Delaying First Hay Cut on Dairy and Beef Production in Ontario
Authors: Smith Paul G. R. , Wells Matthew , Cant John P. , Wright Tom , Kyle Jack , Roberts Peter , Giraldo Maria Ramirez
Published: March 2022

Perennial forage production exists in Ontario to support the livestock industry, but also provides nesting habitat for grassland birds such as the threatened Bobolink (Dolichonyx oryzivorus) and Eastern Meadowlark (Sturnella magna). Delaying hay harvest until July 15 or later allows most nestling birds to leave the nest, but the nutritional value of hay decreases substantially. This project estimated the nutritional and economic impact of delaying the first hay cut until after July 15 on beef and dairy production in Ontario, Canada. Forage crops were sampled across Ontario, analysis of nutritional value performed, and effects on production and economics modelled. 634 samples were collected over 13 weeks at 16 sites from May 21 to August 14 during 2014 and 2015. As expected, nutritional quality declined over the season. Crude protein decreased by 5.2%, total digestible nutrients by 7.7%, neutral detergent fibre digestibility (NDFd48) by 20.1%, while lignin increased by 3.5%, neutral detergent fibre by 13.1%, and acid detergent fibre by 9.9%. Estimated yearly milk production decreased 10.9 kg or C$7.87/dairy cow for each day of delay in harvest (2017 values). Estimated growth of backgrounding beef steers decreased 1.56 kg or C$5.49/head for each day of delay in harvest. This translated into lost revenue per acre for backgrounding steers of C$31 per acre and C$45 per acre for over wintering beef cows for a delay from mid-June to mid-July. Some agri-environmental incentives in Canada, US and Europe offset the reduced revenue due to lower quality forages. This analysis informs farmers about the cost of practices to benefit grassland birds and provides empirical data on how to structure stewardship incentives for these practices.
Blok Fascial Pecto-intercostal Bilateral sebagai Analgesia untuk Median Sternotomi pada Anak
Authors: Jaya A A Gde Putra Semara , Sukmono Raden Besthadi , Perdana Aries
Published: March 2022

Median sternotomi pada anak mengakibatkan nyeri akut pascabedah dengan derajat sedang hingga berat, yang berhubungan dengan berbagai efek samping pascabedah. Blok fascia pecto-intercostal yang dipandu ultrasonografi memiliki potensi analgesia untuk median sternotomi sehingga dapat bermanfaat pada populasi anak. Kami melaporkan satu kasus anak laki-laki berusia tiga setengah tahun dengan tumor mediastinum anterior, yang akan menjalani median sternotomi dan eksisi tumor. Pasien dengan status fisik American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) 2, fibrosis segmen 2 dan 3 paru kanan dengan riwayat tuberkulosis paru. Eksisi tumor mediastinum anterior melalui median sternotomi berhasil dilakukan dengan fasilitasi kombinasi anestesi umum dan blok fascia pecto-intercostal bilateral. Pemulihan pascabedah juga berjalan dengan lancar. Penggunaan blok fascia pecto-intercostal bersama modalitas lainnya dapat memberikan analgesia yang memadai untuk median sternotomi.

Kata Kunci: blok fascia pecto-intercostal; sternotomi; manajemen nyeri
Shoulder Interfascial Plane Blocks as sole Anaesthesia for Frozen Shoulder Manipulation
Authors: Sumantri Syahrul Mubarak Danar
Published: March 2022

Passive manipulation for patients with frozen shoulder may enable fast recovery of shoulder symptoms. For the concern of many clinicians that deep anaesthesia and sedation for frozen shoulder manipulation may carry certain difficulty in identifying pericapsular structures damage during the procedure, we proposed a novel shoulder interfascial plane blocks for awake frozen shoulder manipulation.
Video Laryngoscope: To Be or Not (Yet) To Be Used?
Authors: Lestari Mayang Indah
Published: March 2022

In the June/July issue of MACC magazine, an article titled “Comparison of C-MAC® video laryngoscope and Macintosh conventional laryngoscope for nasotracheal intubation convenience in adult Malay race population”, wishes to present to readers, specifically anaesthesiologists, three main points. First, the authors show their outstanding contribution to anaesthesiology research and intensive therapy in Indonesia, particularly regarding airway management. On this occasion, the authors explicitly want to show a comparison of convenience between video laryngoscopes and conventional laryngoscopes in adults, which in reality has not been widely studied.
FIBRO DYSPLASIA OSSIFICANS PROGRESSIVA
Authors: Dogan Emrah
Published: March 2022

Dear Editor;

With great interest, I read the article titled “Fibro Dysplasia Ossificans Progressiva” (FOP) written by Waqas et al. (1), which was published in Jan-Mar 2019;31(1):123-126 of the J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad. First of all, I would like to state that the article is very detailed and I have benefited from it in many points. It is the most detailed article I have reached while preparing my own article and its value as a case report is obvious.

However, I would like to humbly highlight some parts of your paper.  In the first sentence of this article, it is mentioned that FOP is the same disease as myositis ossificans. There are roughly four types of myositis ossificans as myositis ossificans circumscripta, myositis ossificans progressiva, panniculitis ossificans, fibro-osseous pseudotumor of the digits. The synonym of FOP is correctly myositis ossificans progressiva. Additionally, named as Stoneman's disease. When myositis ossificans is mentioned in the literature, it means generally heterotopic ossifications that occur mostly after trauma thus it is the first type which is myositis ossificans circumscripta.

Also, it is said in the article that the disease was described by Guy Patin in 1968. This is a very distant period from the era of Patin's life. John Freke published the first scientific paper in 1740 about FOP. However, FOP was the first time described by Guy Patin before Freke (2). The letter sent by Patin to his colleague is accepted as the only proof that he found the disease (3). In some esteemed journals, different dates such as 1648 (4), 1692 (5),1693 (6) were mentioned. Let’s mention that Patin died in 1672 (7). Probably 1648 was the correct date of description of the disease.  Patin described the disease in his letter as follows ‘’ I saw a woman today who finally became hard as wood all over" (8). Probably, it is for the reason why it is also named Stoneman's disease (9).

I congratulate the authors for a magnificent, detailed and very well-structured report with perfect inspection, physical examination and radiological shares, especially for this rare case report.
Proces osamostaljenja Republike Hrvatske i njezina međunarodna i diplomatska afirmacija: između protivljenja i odobravanja
Authors: Holjevac Tuković Ana , Živić Dražen
Published: March 2022

Hrvatski sabor donio je 25. lipnja 1991. Ustavnu odluku o suverenosti i samostalnosti i Deklaraciju o proglašenju suverene i samostalne Republike Hrvatske, čime je objavio i formalizirao volju hrvatskoga naroda i građana Republike Hrvatske izraženu na referendumu održanom pet tjedana prije. Usvajanjem navedenih dokumenata, a u nemogućnosti postizanja novog političkog dogovora kojim bi se razriješila jugoslavenska državna i politička kriza, Hrvatska je ušla u završnu fazu procesa osamostaljenja. No, unutarjugoslavenske i međunarodne prilike i odnosi nisu predstavljali povoljan okvir hrvatskoga osamostaljenja, nego je u tom procesu Hrvatska nailazila na brojne prepreke, opstrukcije, nerazumijevanja, pa i otpore. Dio međunarodnih aktera, pritisnut odlučnošću hrvatskog političkog vodstva kao i brutalnošću srbijanske oružane agresije, postupno je gradio afirmativan stav prema odluci o izlasku Hrvatske iz SFRJ kao jedinom racionalnom odgovoru na jugoslavensku krizu i rastući velikosrpski nacionalizam i ekspanzionizam. Tri desetljeća nakon sudbonosnih odluka Hrvatskoga sabora prigoda je da podsjetimo na ključne državno-političke i međunarodnopravne akte koji su doveli do priznanja te međunarodne i diplomatske afirmacije Republike Hrvatske, kao i da ukratko ukažemo na one unutarnje i međunarodne dionike koji su se tom procesu odupirali, ali i na one koji su ga podržavali.
Review of Atmospheric Environmental Change from Earth Observing Satellites
Authors: Lee Kwon-Ho , Wong Man Sing , Li Jing
Published: March 2022

Satellite data is a collection of various atmospheric environmental information through continuous earth observations. Those data observed for a long time-series provide detailed information on environmental changes which has been processed as two-dimensional information representing the atmospheric columnar integrated properties or multi-dimensional data combining space and time. In this review, we investigate the characteristics of various earth observing satellites that have been deriving the global atmospheric information up to date. In terms of applications, the patterns of global atmospheric environmental changes based on statistical and comparative analysis with the long-term observations are also addressed. The spatio-temporal changes in the atmospheric environmental parameters are discussed, in order to provide a quantitative grasp of the statistical relationship. Finally, future developments are put forward. This information will help to understand the atmospheric environment and climate-related interactions.
Consult Your Heart
Authors: Al-Khatib Mutaz
Published: March 2022

In this article, I explore the authority of the heart (qalb) as a potential locus for the individual moral knowledge and normativity in Islamic ethics. To do so, I discuss the two ḥadīths that ostensibly suggest one’s “self” as a source of moral judgment. These ḥadīths raise renewed questions about the sources of moral judgment, the nature of moral judgement and the ethical capacity of the “self” (conscience) –– “consult your heart and consult your self …”; “righteousness is good conduct, and sin is that which rankles in your chest and which you would hate for other people to look upon.”

There are rich debates in the Islamic tradition on the place and authority of the bāṭin (inward) in generating moral knowledge, which correspond to contemporary discourses in Western ethics on the place of conscience in the moral formation of the individual. In this article, I argue that although Islamic legal tradition as a discipline has focused on qualified external actions of individuals and the ijtihād (independent legal reasoning) of mujtahids (jurists), it did not ignore the authority of the bāṭin for moral assessment and the ijtihād of common individuals. I propose that the inward dimension has always occupied an important space within the interdisciplinary field of Islamic ethics; but has been overshadowed by the overarching theological disputes between the Muʿtazilīs and Ashʿarīs over the sources of knowledge. 

The article starts by exploring the relevant aḥādith (reports) and their interpretation in ḥadīth commentaries, followed by an analysis of discussions in the fields of Islamic jurisprudence and Sufism.

Key words: akhlāq (ethics), ḥadīth, scriptural ethics, moral conscience, heart, self, moral judgemt, al-bāṭin, consult your heart, inspiration (ilhām), ratio legis, Sufīsm.
Perspectivas acerca do cuidado com a saúde das pessoas em situação de rua
Authors: Faria Fernanda Gomes , Siqueira-Batista Rodrigo
Published: March 2022

Introdução: As pessoas em situação de rua (PSR) estão submetidas, cotidianamente, a significativos riscos, entre os quais se destacam aqueles atinentes à saúde. Objetivo: Discutir as principais questões relativas ao cuidado à saúde das PSR. Métodos: Realizou-se investigação teórica a partir da leitura e apreciação de textos e documentos atuais dirigidos ao tema, a fim de destacar (1) os conceitos chave apresentados e (2) a argumentação desenvolvida. Resultados e discussão: O caminho percorrido em tal empreitada considerou (1) a concepção de saúde-doença e as necessidades e demandas de saúde dessas populações, (2) as políticas públicas e o papel dos serviços na atenção à saúde da PSR e (3) o papel da Atenção Primária à Saúde (APSD), com ênfase no trabalho dos Consultórios na Rua. Conclusões: A sistematização reflexivo-crítica empreendida buscou a delimitação de elementos do aparato jurídico-social e ético-político que envolvem os processos de ampliação do cuidado de tais usuários.
Instrumentos para o planejamento e gestão territorial de paisagens cársticas no Estado de Sergipe - Brasil
Authors: Macedo Heleno dos Santos , Araújo Hélio Mário de , Meireles Antônio Jeovah de Andrade , Lima Luana Pereira
Published: March 2022

Em Sergipe, Nordeste do Brasil, o ambiente cárstico encontra-se ameaçado pelo uso e ocupação do solo que tem se intensificado de forma desordenada ao longo do tempo histórico, sobretudo nas duas primeiras décadas do atual século. Nesse sentido, a discussão aqui apresentada baseia-se na perspectiva de um planejamento ambiental que direcione as ações para uma gestão eficaz das áreas cársticas sergipanas. Para cumprimento dos objetivos, tornou-se imprescindível a revisão bibliográfica, o levantamento cartográfico e, principalmente, a realização de trabalho de campo. Os resultados mostram que as paisagens cársticas locais necessitam de ações de intervenção para garantir sua dinâmica, mitigar os impactos causados pelo uso e ocupação desordenada, considerando a fragilidade natural dos ambientes. Essa radiografia, portanto, da situação de risco, balizou a necessidade de propor dois importantes instrumentos de apoio a gestão para manter o equilíbrio entre o desenvolvimento sustentável e o uso racional dos recursos da natureza, a saber: o Zoneamento Ambiental e a criação de Áreas de Proteção Ambiental. No zoneamento ambiental, cinco zonas foram consideradas como fundamentais: Zona de Uso Possível para Agropecuária (ZUPA); Zona de Proteção das Paisagens Cársticas (ZPPC); Zona de Conservação das Paisagens Cársticas (ZCPC); Zona de Conservação e Desenvolvimento Urbano (ZCDU) e a Zona de Uso para Mineração e Industria (ZUMI). Entretanto, para as áreas de proteção ambiental, propõe-se a criação de duas Unidades de Conservação: APA Taquari – Maruim localizada na área cárstica Bacia Sergipe, e para o carste Olhos d’água/Frei Paulo, a APA Olhos d’água.
Rede urbana e divisão territorial do trabalho: uma análise das cadeias do tabaco e da avicultura na região dos Vales-Rio Grande do Sul
Authors: Faccin Carolina Rezende , Silveira Rogério Leandro Lima da
Published: March 2022

A globalização é responsável por uma ampliação das interações, contribuindo para configuração de complexos globalizados movidos pela distribuição e integração espacial de atividades produtivas e pelas estratégias de corporações que atuam em diferentes escalas espaciais. A divisão territorial do trabalho dessas cadeias produtivas globais condiciona e reflete o funcionamento das redes urbanas. Analisa-se a divisão territorial do trabalho das cadeias do tabaco e da avicultura, comandadas por corporações multinacionais, e suas interrelações com a rede urbana no território da região dos Vales–RS–Brasil. Utiliza-se dados do Censo Demográfico (IBGE, 2010), da rede urbana brasileira (IBGE, 2020b) e dos CNPJ das empresas (2020). Observa-se que as empresas multilocalizadas e verticalizadas no território, como as multinacionais, constituem padrões espaciais mais simples de interações na rede urbana, enquanto as empresas multilocalizadas e horizontalizadas, como as de abrangência regional, constituem padrões mais complexos.