bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Exhibiting App and Analysis for Biofeedback-Based Mental Health Analyzer
Authors: Rastogi Rohit , Chaturvedi Devendra Kumar , Gupta Mayank
Published: March 2020

Many apps and analyzers based on machine learning have been designed already to help and cure the stress issue, which is increasing rapidly. The project is based on an experimental research work that the authors have performed at Research Labs and Scientific Spirituality Centers of Dev Sanskriti VishwaVidyalaya, Haridwar and Patanjali Research Foundations, Uttarakhand. In their research work, the correctness and accuracy have been studied and compared for two biofeedback devices, electromyography (EMG) and galvanic skin response (GSR), which can operate in three modes—audio, visual, and audio-visual—with the help of data set of tension type headache (TTH) patients. The authors have realized by their research work that these days people have a lot of stress in their lives so they planned to make an effort for reducing the stress level of people by their technical knowledge of computer science. In their project, the authors have a website that contains a closed set of questionnaires, which have some weight associated with each question.
Tension Type Headache
Authors: Rastogi Rohit , Chaturvedi Devendra Kumar , Gupta Mayank
Published: March 2020

Development in the field of technology is growing with a fast pace, mainly the IoT (internet of things). It is an interface between machine-to-machine, machine-to-human, machine-to-infrastructure as well as machine-to-environment. Stress, especially TTH (tension type headache), is a serious problem in today's world. Now every person in this world is facing headache and stress-related problems in daily life. To measure the stress level, the authors have introduced the concept of EEG, EMG, and GSR biofeedback. In case of TTH, human is in a state in which one experiences pain like a physical weight or a tight band around one's head. TTH is different from migraine as it can be affected due to everyday activities. The most common type of primitive headache is tension type headache (TTH). The focus of the research work was to compare the impression of EMG-, GSR-, and EEG-integrated biofeedback on stress due to headache and quality of life of the subjects under consideration.
Creating Value Through Knowledge Management and Systematic Innovation Capability
Authors: Gloet Marianne , Samson Danny
Published: March 2020

Competitive advantage in today's advanced economies is driven by innovation and the ability to manage ever-increasing forms of knowledge on a sustained basis. Knowledge-intensive industries compete primarily on their capacity to innovate and thrive on cutting-edge knowledge, which drives both research and innovation. Knowledge-intensive organizations constantly seek to reinforce sustainable links between forms of knowledge and modes of innovation. In such a dynamic environment, the proactive management of knowledge assets is essential to achieving both innovation capability and innovation performance. Since knowledge-intensive organizations play a significant role in value creation through innovation, the ways in which organizations approach knowledge management (KM) influences innovation and becomes a source of competitive advantage. As such, KM emerges as an essential management and organizational capability in the drive to create value through knowledge. This chapter explores the ways in which KM contributes to systematic innovation capability in knowledge-intensive organizations.
Evaluation of Strategic Opportunities and Resulting Business Models for SMEs
Authors: Lokshina Izabella V. , Lanting Cees J. M. , Durkin Barbara
Published: March 2020

This chapter focuses on ubiquitous sensing devices, enabled by Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) technologies, that cut across every area of modern day living, affecting individuals and businesses and offering the ability to measure and understand environmental indicators. The proliferation of these devices in a communicating-actuating network creates the internet of things (IoT). The IoT provides the tools to establish a major global data-driven ecosystem with its emphasis on Big Data. Currently, business models may focus on the provision of services, i.e., the internet of services (IoS). These models assume the presence and development of the necessary IoT measurement and control instruments, communications infrastructure, and easy access to the data collected and information generated. Different business models may support creating revenue and value for different types of customers. This chapter contributes to the literature by considering, innovatively, knowledge-based management practices, strategic opportunities and resulting business models for third-party data analysis services.
Mother America
Authors: Lee Shawyn C.
Published: March 2020

After the Korean War, it became acceptable and expected that American families would adopt Korean children into their homes, symbolizing American prosperity and security. As significant a role as social work played in this process, there currently exists no research that examines the activities of the profession and the origins of Korean adoption. This chapter discusses the maternalist nature of adoption efforts during the 1950s by one international social welfare agency after the Korean War: the American Branch of International Social Service (ISS-USA). Predicated on maternalist ideologies that shaped the social work profession during the Progressive Era, in what the author calls Cold War maternalism, the gendered notions of motherhood were expanded to genderless notions of parenthood. Anticommunist sentiments thrust adoptive parenthood into the political spotlight on an international level, thus serving the best interests of adoptive parents and the nation long before serving those of the children.
Business Ethics in Healthcare
Authors: Giannouli Vaitsa
Published: March 2020

Over the last few decades, healthcare business and ethical values have been the focus of legal changes, especially in the Greek Healthcare System. The purpose of this chapter was to examine in both a quantitative and qualitative way what the Greek healthcare experts think and feel about ethics and healthcare services and to present the factors that shape attitudes towards ethical values from the viewpoint of the healthcare professionals. For this reason, 34 semi-structured interviews, accompanied by the administration of perceived cohesion scale, generalized immediacy scale, job affect scale, state anxiety inventory, Maslach burnout inventory, and the attitude towards business ethics questionnaire revealed that healthcare professionals in Greece do have knowledge of ethical values and moral responsibility, but no connections with specific emotional aspects were found. The chapter concludes with a discussion of the implications, and future directions on how business ethics can be further examined and applied.
Communication Ethics Literacy and Counterterrorism
Authors: Karolak Hannah
Published: March 2020

Communication ethics involves practices that yield social literacy about what matters to persons and organizations. When applied to social artifacts, the literacy of communication ethics provides a lens for collecting, interpreting, and making sense out of data. The U.S. currently faces a unique threat as terrorism presents professionals with demanding challenges to national security. The challenges resulting from terrorism are both complex and dynamic. As professionals develop means to respond to threats, new challenges arise. Thus, efforts are ongoing in the fight against terrorism. In response to this challenge, this chapter begins with the assumption that communication ethics literacy can assist researchers in navigating the terrains of counterterrorism practices by broadening the scope of research and opening new avenues for creative response. Creative response, which, this work argues, is made possible by active and continued reflective communicative practices, prevents terrorism from achieving its aim of crippling persons to inaction through terror, violence, and fear.
The Radio Sun and Planets
Authors: Teoh Hui Chieh
Published: March 2020

The radio emissions from the Sun and planets provides a new window to explore and improve our understanding of these celestial objects and its magnetic activities. Radio emissions allow us to see things that are not seen in other wavelengths. The radio emissions observed from the Sun and planets can generally be divided into thermal and non-thermal. The thermal emission is related to the temperature of the objects, i.e. the blackbody radiation and the non-thermal emission is usually associated with the magnetic fields.
Active Galactic Nuclei and Pulsars
Authors: Teoh Hui Chieh
Published: March 2020

With the discovery of radio emission of extraterrestrial origin, it had opened a new and broader window in the electromagnetic spectrum to observe the sky. Two of the common sources of radio emissions are active galactic nuclei (AGN) and pulsars. AGN are very luminous at radio wavelength and are powered by the accretion disk surrounding supermassive black holes at the center. AGN are useful as an alternative standard ruler to determine cosmological parameters. Pulsars, on the other hand, is a type of neutron star that is highly magnetized and rotates at enormous speed. This cosmic lighthouse produces a very precise pulsation period that can be used as cosmic clock.
Value Chain of the Industry of Tourist Accomodation Case Golfo of Morrosquillo, Colombia
Authors: Sierra Hassir Lastre , Chavez Placido Roberto Cruz , Seoane Francisco J. Ferreiro , Martínez-Azúa Beatriz Corchuelo
Published: March 2020

Value chains propose an organizational internal analysis which divides business social objects and makes it possible to understand the role of each activity in the value creation. This article aims to analyze the value chain of tourism accommodation industry at Golfo of Morrosquillo. Through description and exploration, it was possible to deeply study the value chain of each establishment of the industry. As per the results, 61.29% of establishments do not have a business plan and 58.06% of them do not offer any tourist product from the process of design and development of products. Regarding the conclusions, even though the industry value chain has some variations regarding whole establishments, it is necessary to organize the stakeholders involved in the chain so that it can create value to tourists in terms of satisfaction and quality.
GoT Belfast?
Authors: Murray Noel Martin
Published: March 2020

This chapter addresses the role of cine-tourism in destination marketing. Specifically, it analyses the strategic alliance between the Northern Ireland Tourist Board and HBO, producers of the popular television series Games of Thrones. A narrative analysis is performed on several examples of campaign creative, and traces how the GoT Belfast campaign reimagines Northern Ireland as a tourist destination. The digital and social media campaign of the NITB is evaluated using both qualitative and quantitative performance metrics. The overall success of the GoT Belfast campaign is weighed in terms of economic inducements to attract the filming to Northern Ireland versus the economic impact on the region. Recommendations are offered for future research and for implementation of best practices in cine-tourism management.
Using the Analytic Hierarchy Process to Examine a Travel Destination for a Parent-Child Trip
Authors: Huang Han-Chen , Hou Cheng-I , Chang I-Ying , Wu Su-Ling , Chen Tsai-Li
Published: March 2020

This article aims to determine married women's decision criteria for choosing a travel destination for a parent-child trip and find the relative weights of these decision criteria. A literature review was conducted to construct a preliminary structure of decision criteria for choosing a travel destination. Furthermore, two rounds of Delphi questionnaire surveys involving seven experts in the tourism industry were conducted through email correspondence. A analytic hierarchy process questionnaire survey was carried out upon the structure of decision criteria for choosing a travel destination. This survey found that the 18 key decision criteria for choosing a travel destination for a parent-child trip could be categorized into the following four categories: psychological needs, recreational resources, human and cultural elements, and travel costs. Based on the research results, this article proposes implications on planning a parent-child trip and suggestions for future research as a reference for relevant authorities and future researchers.
Summarizing Opinions with Sentiment Analysis from Multiple Reviews on Travel Destinations
Authors: Roy Argha , Guria Shyamali , Halder Suman , Banerjee Sayani , Mandal Sourav
Published: March 2020

Recently, the web has been crowded with growing volumes of various texts on every aspect of human life. It is difficult to rapidly access, analyze, and compose important decisions using efficient methods for raw textual data in the form of social media, blogs, feedback, reviews, etc., which receive textual inputs directly. It proposes an efficient method for summarization of various reviews of tourists on a specific tourist spot towards analyzing their sentiments towards the place. A classification technique automatically arranges documents into predefined categories and a summarization algorithm produces the exact condensed input such that output is most significant concepts of source documents. Finally, sentiment analysis is done in summarized opinion using NLP and text analysis techniques to show overall sentiment about the spot. Therefore, interested tourists can plan to visit the place do not go through all the reviews, rather they go through summarized documents with the overall sentiment about target place.
Empirical Analysis of Tourism Factors Affecting Tourists' Satisfaction
Authors: Ray Nilanjan , Das Dillip Kumar
Published: March 2020

Tourism is one of the fastest growing industries in the world. It has become one of the vital issues of economic and social benefits to the society. This paper identifies the impact of tourism in Paro, different motivational factors which may directly or indirectly influence the tourists' satisfaction. The primary objective of this study includes the growth, development and emergence of tourism potentials in Paro, in particular, as well as to analyze the tourist flow pattern and also examine the existing and future requirement in the motivational point of view. For the accomplishment of the purposed objective, data for the study were collected through pre -structured questionnaire. The sample size was restricted to 100 tourists. In terms of the present scenario of the above components, how to attract more tourists and promoting infrastructural requirement for better tourism service to improve the level of tourists' motivation.
Mechanisms for the Formation of Tourism Organization Models in Greece Through a Comparative Analysis of Ten Greek Destinations' Development
Authors: Efthymia Sarantakou
Published: March 2020

The scope of the chapter is to research and interpret how the organization models of tourism development have advanced in Greece at traditional, mainly coastal, tourist destinations. Using the notion of organization models, the chapter examines the size and category of tourism facilities and a series of qualitative characteristics, as well as the spatial “behavior” of the phenomenon.
Tourism for Development in the Republic of Moldova
Authors: Pilkington Marc
Published: March 2020

Can globalization be socially inclusive through new 2.0 digital initiatives? This is the thought-provoking question we ask in this article, with a special focus on the Republic of Moldova. Part 1 begins with a reflection on the intersection between globalization, development studies and the current Moldovan context. Part 2 is devoted to the promising field of emergent tourism, and more particularly, tourism 2.0, a blossoming concept that we try to uncover. Part 3 presents a concrete application with the example of Moldova Tours 2.0, a digital initiative in the field of tourism 2.0 in the Republic of Moldova. Various aspects of this project are highlighted and analyzed.
Creative Tourism in Successful Destination Management as a Solution of Systemic Crisis in Slovak Tourism
Authors: Malachovský Andrej
Published: March 2020

This chapter describes how strategies and strategic management can increase the tourism performance in Slovakia at the state and regional level. The result of strategic management of tourism must be, after the analysis of external and internal environment, selection an appropriate strategy and set the right goals and priorities in the tourism development. For such properly defined objectives in Slovak conditions we consider, inter alia, the use of creative tourism as a form of cultural tourism. Cause is the demand a return to traditional values in tourism. Chapter shows examples of creative tourism from a selected successful tourism region, which are proven statistical data on the development of tourism. The aim of this chapter is in the context of the theory of strategic and destination management to highlight the important contribution and potential of creative development of tourism for the development of tourism regions.
UNESCO World Heritage Designation
Authors: Bui Huong T. , Le Tuan-Anh , Nguyen Chung H.
Published: March 2020

The chapter analyzes the impacts of World Heritage List designation on the local economy, residents, and environment in the Vietnamese site of Hoi An Ancient Town. Findings from the study raise concerns about managing heritage tourism in developing countries. While Hoi An successfully attracts a large number of tourists and enjoys economic success from tourism, social and environmental sustainability are in question. This case study demonstrates that management of tourism at World Heritage-listed sites is facing challenges of land speculation, inflation, commodification of local culture, and environmental degradation.
The Perception of the Effect of Tourism on the Local Community before the Ibiza Smart Island Project
Authors: Sánchez-Fernández María Dolores , Cardona José Ramon
Published: March 2020

The perceptions that residents had towards aspects linked to tourism development on the island of Ibiza is measured. In 2011 fieldwork which asked the extent of agreement with several statements was carried out. A descriptive analysis was carried out on the data obtained to determine the average valuation on various items and cross tabulations to see if there are differences between the five municipalities of the island. The results show that there is a high valuation of the economic benefits and tourism is considered to be very important, but they are half-hearted or critical towards the rest of the impacts. In addition, there are no significant differences between the five municipalities. Ibiza is a single tourist destination and works as one single social unit. In 2015 the Ibiza Smart Island project was launched, with smart city and smart destination elements, to solve the problems that affect residents and tourists.
Prioritization of Eco-Tourism Forms at Sikkim, India
Authors: Jha Ajeya , Shenga Sherap , Mishra Somnath , Mishra Manjushree
Published: March 2020

Sikkim is the one of the smallest states in India. The state government is promoting eco-tourism as a primary sector of economy. Natural and cultural attributes make Sikkim an ideal destination for Cultural, wildlife, adventure and religious tourism. The objective of the paper is to prioritize these four identified forms of tourism with a view to measure their relative appropriateness in the context of Sikkim. The methodology is based on three tools based on continuous scale, Analytical Hierarchy process (AHP) and Quality Function Deployment (QFD) respectively. The data has been collected from 40 respondents (senior civil service officers) The paper concludes that that in terms of appropriateness cultural tourism emerges as best followed by religious, adventure and wildlife tourism in that order. Also the three tools appear valid as they arrive at matching conclusions. Our contribution is that prioritization of forms of tourism has been done for the first time and that too using a comprehensive methodology utilizing AHP, QFD and continuous scale.
Analysing Promotion and Visitor Expectations of Beach Tourism in Odisha With Special Reference to Puri Beach
Authors: Biswas Soumendra Nath
Published: March 2020

Efforts have been made in this study to analyse the promotion and Visitor expectations of beaches for the development of tourism in Odisha in general and Puri beach in particular, that influences the tourist inflow in this destination. This article begins with the meaning of Beach Tourism and importance of Puri beach for the development of tourism in Odisha. Key issue of this paper is to find out whether the Puri beach and its local product can be an attraction while marketing a destination. If so, how these can be promoted to the potential tourists, what are the expectations of Visitors and how those expectations can be fulfilled? Tourism products in the beaches are becoming important to the mass tourists. Tourism products related with beaches are one of the major factors shaping development patterns in the coastal areas of the state. Tourism stakeholders at all levels must assume appropriate proactive roles for the promotion of Beach Tourism in the state like Odisha.
Exploring the Food Tourism Effectiveness of Official Websites of BRICS Nations
Authors: Dahiya Ashish , Duggal Shelley
Published: March 2020

BRICS is the association of five major developing national economies named Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa. These five nations are synchronically rising up for ameliorating their economies. Occupying more than 25% of the total land area of the world and also more than 40% of the world population, these five BRICS nations have only a little share of world travel as compared to occidental world. Being rich in natural, cultural and food and culinary heritage, these five nations have bright future to become top most tourism destinations across the world. The proper marketing and promotion via internet marketing tool like websites can be of great help to promote culinary heritage of any destination and therefore, helps to improve the tourism graph of the destination. Discerning the significant importance of the websites in the promotion of food tourism for any destination, the present study aims at the comparative content analysis of the official tourism websites of BRICS nations to evaluate their performance in the context of promotion of food and culinary heritage on world -wide web. The modified Balanced ScoreCard (BSC) approach is incorporated into the evaluation by taking into consideration four perspectives: technical, user friendliness and site attractiveness, tourism effectiveness and food tourism effectiveness. A set of 88 critical success factors representing these four perspectives is then used to investigate the websites. The present study ponders upon the relative strength and weakness of the tourism websites of BRICS nations in promoting food tourism and as well help suggesting the remedial measures in mobilizing the food tourism promotion through websites.
The First Amendment in the Digital Age
Authors: Edwards III Sam B.
Published: March 2020

The United States is facing challenges in applying First Amendment principles from the 18th century to modern communications. This chapter examines cases where the government has intruded upon First Amendment rights. The first section examines when the government attempts to prevent protests by cutting internet access. This amounts to a digital gag and ear plugs for the protesters. Aside from cutting access to a single area, some governments have access to total internet “kill switches.” This allows unsurpassed censorship of speech. Now there are technical means installed in most phones that could allow governments to disconnect internet access at the individual phone. In the area of social media, the courts are struggling to identify what constitutes speech. For example, when is a “like” or a “wink” speech? Equally important, when can a political figure censor speech through blocking users on social media? These cases represent warning signs that the United States, just like other countries, is struggling to adapt eighteenth century legal principles to modern communication.
In the [Source] C\ode of the Conquerors
Authors: Ravotti Nicholas
Published: March 2020

The practice of law requires not only an understanding of the law itself (i.e., what the law “says”), but also the ability to conduct proper legal research to formulate cogent legal arguments in support of one's case. For attorneys practicing before state and federal courts in the United States, this is accomplished through the use of legal research databases that catalog and archive nearly all state and federal trial court and appellate court opinions. For attorneys who practice before the 573 federally-recognized Indian tribal courts, this task is far more complex. This chapter discusses the need for a culturally-appropriate legal research database to bridge the digital divide in tribal courts.
Awareness of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury-Preventive Training Programs Among Female Collegiate Athletes
Authors: Tanaka Miho J. , Jones Lynne C. , Forman Jared M.
Published: March 2020

Context

Neuromuscular training programs can reduce the rate of noncontact anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries, particularly in female athletes.

Objective

To assess the awareness of, experience with, and factors associated with participation in preventive training programs (PTPs) among female collegiate athletes and their knowledge of ACL injuries.

Design

Cross-sectional study.

Setting

National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) sports programs.

Patients or Other Participants

A total of 440 female NCAA athletes (age = 20 ± 1 years) representing 20 sports during the 2017–2018 academic year.

Main Outcome Measure(s)

We used a 12-item survey to collect data on each participant's age, sport, position, college, NCAA division, and awareness of and experience with PTPs. We performed descriptive statistics and used odds ratios (ORs) to assess relationships between demographic data and awareness of or interest in PTPs.

Results

Of the 440 respondents, 85% (n = 373) knew that female athletes were at higher risk for sustaining ACL injuries than male athletes, and 89% (n = 391) knew that ACL injuries were preventable. Thirty-three percent (n = 143) were familiar with the concept of ACL PTPs. Only 15% (n = 64) had ever performed PTPs, but 89% (n = 391) reported they would perform a daily PTP if it could prevent ACL injuries. Fifty-two of the 64 respondents (81%) who had performed PTPs said athletic trainers or coaches oversaw the PTPs. Participants were more likely to be familiar with ACL PTPs if they (OR = 3.5; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.0, 5.8) or a teammate (OR = 4.6; 95% CI = 2.1, 9.8) had sustained an ACL injury. Respondents were more willing to perform PTPs if they (OR = 2.3; 95% CI = 0.80, 6.6) or a teammate (OR = 3.4; 95% CI = 1.8, 6.6) had sustained an ACL injury.

Conclusions

Although 89% of respondents expressed interest in performing daily ACL PTPs, only 15% had performed such programs, and only 33% were familiar with the concept of ACL PTPs.
Caspase Recruitment Domain Containing Protein 9 Suppresses Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Proliferation and Invasion via Inhibiting MAPK/p38 Pathway
Authors: Pan Linyue , Tan Yuting , Wang Bin , Qiu Wenjia , Yin Yulei , Ge Haiyan , Zhu Huili
Published: March 2020

PurposeCaspase recruitment domain containing protein 9 (CARD9) has been demonstrated to be a pro-tumor factor in various cancers. However, our previous study found a significant decrease of CARD9 in malignant pleural effusion compared with benign pleural effusion. So we investigated the role of CARD9 in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and its working mechanism. Materials and MethodsImmunohistochemistry, western blot, and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction were used to detect the expression of CARD9 in specimens of NSCLC patients. The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) databasewas also used to analyze the expression of CARD9 in NSCLC and its predicting value for prognosis. Immunofluorescence was used for CARD9 cellular location. Cell growth assay, clonal formation assay, wound healing assay, matrigel invasion assay, and flow cytometry were used to test cell proliferation, migration, invasion, apoptosis, and cycle progression of NSCLC cells with CARD9 knockdown or CARD9 overexpression. Co-immunoprecipitation was used to identify the interaction between CARD9 and B-cell lymphoma 10 (BCL10). SB203580 was used to inhibit p38 activation.ResultsCARD9 was decreased in NSCLC tissues compared with normal tissues; low CARD9 expression was associated with poor survival. CARD9 was expressed both in tumor cells and macrophages. Downregulation of CARD9 in NSCLC cells enhanced the abilities of proliferation, invasion and migration via activated MAPK/p38 signaling, while overexpression of CARD9 presented antitumor effects. BCL10 was identified to interact with CARD9.ConclusionWe demonstrate that CARD9 is an independent prognostic factor in NSCLC patients and inhibits proliferation, migration, and invasion by suppressing MAPK/p38 pathway in NSCLC cells.
Ammonium removal efficiency of biochar-based heterotrophic nitrifying bacteria immobilization body in water solution
Authors: Wang Chaoxu , Ren Jing , Qiao Xin , Habib Mudassir
Published: March 2020

In order to explore the performance of biochar-based microbial immobilization body in ammonium removal from water and potential mechanisms, a strain of heterotrophic nitrifying bacteria (HNB) was isolated from activated sludge, and the biochemical and molecular biological identification of HNB was carried out. Moreover, HNO3-, Mg2+-, NaOH-, and NaOH+Mg2+-modified rice husk-derived biochars were prepared. Then all the five kinds of biochars, including the original biochar, were used as carriers of HNB to remove NH4+-N from water. Results showed that HNB was classified as Pseudomonas, and the 72-h NH4+-N removal ratio of the free bacteria reached 80.24%. Compared with biochar itself, biochar-based HNB immobilization body showed a much stronger ability to remove NH4+-N, especially for NaOH- and NaOH+Mg2+-modified biochars. At the initial NH4+-N concentration of 100 mg/L and biochar addition dose of 10 g/L, NH4+-N removal ratio of NaOH- and NaOH+Mg2+-modified biochar-based HNB immobilization bodies reached 57.78% and 58.35% after 5 h, and reached 88.66% and 90.93% after 48 h respectively, which were obviously higher than the original, HNO3- and Mg2+-modified biochar-based HNB immobilization bodies. The phenomenon resulted from significantly higher bacteria adsorption ability of NaOH- and NaOH+Mg2+-modified biochars, which reached 773.75 and 941.17 nmol P/g biochar, respectively.
The Release of Desire: Three Levels of Spatial Expression of Beam in Modern and Contemporary Reinforced Concrete Architecture
Authors: Liu Yang
Published: March 2020

In contemporary context the discipline gap between Structural Engineering and Architecture to some extent leads to the loss of the spatial expression desire of structural members. Two conditions are presented in a large number of common contemporary building projects: Rough - lacking the architectural perspective control over the scale and layout of structural members, Absence - hiding the beams with decorative elements such as suspended ceiling. Actually, as one of the most important structural members in a building, the beam has great potential for spatial expression. Since the beam plays an increasingly more important role, three progressive levels could be characterized: spatial scenery - as the fifth elevation, spatial prop - participating in the generation of form, spatial protagonist - leading the order of spatial tectonic. According to the above three levels, classification and analysis to several modern and contemporary buildings, especially several reinforced concrete buildings of the 1960s and 1970s, may be helpful in exploring the methodology against these two above trends of contemporary construction Industry.
Les Étoiles de Givors de Jean Renaudie (1974-81): la utopía social en hormigón
Authors: MORENO MARIA PURA MORENO , BLAIN CATHERINE
Published: March 2020

La arquitectura de Jean Renaudie (1925-1981) responde al contexto político-social de la Francia de la segunda mitad del s.XX. Su desarrollo, primero en el Atelier Montrouge y después en solitario, se enmarca en la crítica que la generación de jóvenes arquitectos y urbanistas realizaba de los postulados de la Carta de Atenas. La evaluación, desde el punto de vista social, de los resultados de aquellos principios funcionalistas, sugirieron a los nuevos profesionales la modificación de las configuraciones arquitectónicas y urbanas. Conceptos como identidad, asociación, movilidad y crecimiento, expuestos por los miembros del Team X en el X Congreso del CIAM en Dubrovnik (1956), se experimentaban gracias a la expansión constructiva hacia las periferias de la ciudad. En esta comunicación analizaremos la influencia que la construcción en hormigón armado tuvo en la arquitectura de los complejos de vivienda social de Jean Renaudie, atendiendo principalmente al proyecto Les Étoiles de Givors (1974-1981). Un conjunto urbano que recogió tanto experiencias constructoras anteriores  -Ivry-sur-Seine- como propuestas teóricas de ciudades vacacionales o de nueva planta -Gigaro o Vaudreuil-.  El objetivo será demostrar que la combinación del empleo del hormigón in-situ en un orden estructural sujeto a reglas geométricas, junto al diseño exclusivo de piezas prefabricadas de hormigón para las fachadas no portantes, fueron en sinergia capaces de aportar una anhelada diversidad que avalaba su discurso referido a la lógica de la complejidad.
Vivienda en la Peña Blanca
Authors: Vidal Climent Ivo Eliseo , Vidal Climent Ciro Manuel , Francés Revert Carlos
Published: March 2020

La vivienda situada en la denominada Peña Blanca, adopta un escueto programa de tres habitaciones, para así poder sustituir a la tipología arquitectónica existente, cuya repetición simultánea permitió formar un conjunto edificado en los años sesenta. El nuevo edificio se integra en el conjunto mediante la sencilla continuidad del preciso y definido orden que permiió configurar una unidad edificatoria..La nueva edificación se proyectó dentro de la geometría regular de la parcela, ajustándose a los límites, alturas y ocupación, así como a la composición de las fachadas, por lo que se situó entre las dos viviendas vecinas siguiendo las reglas compositivas del conjunto tanto en alineaciones como en volúmen. Sin embargo, la edificación proyectada es el resultado de decidir invertir el sistema heredado de accesos, así como el de mantener la estructura de vivienda con patio y terraza vinculada al estar. El invertir los accesos implica situar de manera lógica la puerta de garaje en la calle inferior y el acceso peatonal desde la calle superior, logrando así un mejor funcionamiento y accesibilidad.
Threat Perception and Democratic Support in Post-Arab Spring Egypt
Authors: Hatab Shimaa
Published: March 2020

The article examines the reasons why Egyptian elites and masses withdrew their support for democracy only two years after they staged mass protests calling for regime change in 2011. I draw on basic tenets of bounded rationality and recent advances within the field of cognitive heuristics
to demonstrate how cues generated from domestic and regional developments triggered stronger demands for security and stability. Drawing on elite interviews and public opinion surveys, I show how both elites and the masses paid special attention to intense and vivid events which then prompted
a demand for the strong man model. Fears of Islamists pushed both elites and masses to update their preferences, seek refuge in old regime bargains, and reinstate authoritarianism.
Turbulent and Boundary Layer Characteristics during VOCALS-REx
Authors: Dodson Dillon S. , Small Griswold Jennifer D.
Published: March 2020

Abstract. Stratocumulus clouds have a significant impact on climate due to their large spatial extent, with areas of enhanced coverage termed stratocumulus decks. How turbulence evolves with time and influences the stratocumulus deck properties however, in particular throughout the vertical profile of the boundary layer, is still lacking through model parameterizations of the small-scale flow. Collecting in situ data to better understand the turbulence and physical processes occuring within the stratocumu- lus deck therefore key to better model parameterizations. Boundary layer and turbulent characteristics, along with synoptic scale changes in these properties over time, are examined using data collected from 14 research flights made with the CIR- PAS Twin Otter Aircraft. Data was collected during the VOMOS Ocean-Cloud-Atmosphere-Land Study-Regional Experiment (VOCALS-REx) at Point Alpha in October and November of 2008 off the cost of South America (20°S, 72°W). Findings show that the influence of a synoptic system on Nov 1st and 2nd brings in a moist layer above the boundary layer, leading to a deepening cloud layer and precipitation during passage, and a large increase in boundary layer height and cloud thinning after passage. The maximum value in turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) was measured on Nov. 1st due to precipitation destabilizing the sub-cloud layer while a minimum occurred on Nov. 2nd after precipitation had ceased due to turbulent mixing overturning the boundary layer and depleting the initial turbulent energy produced from the evaporation of precipitation below cloud base. Turbulent properties averaged over all 14 flights reach a maximum near cloud middle (between normalized in- cloud values of 0.25–0.75), with well mixed boundary layers experiencing two peaks in TKE, one near cloud base due to latent heat release and another near cloud top due to evaporational cooling. Overall, it appears that turbulence measured at Point Alpha is weaker than that measured over the open ocean to the west of Point Alpha, and that measured during other scientific campaigns. Synoptic scale analysis suggests that as the geopotential height decreases, the boundary layer height and entrainment zone thickness increases, accompanied by a decrease of in-cloud and below-cloud turbulence, and vice versa.
Retrieval of aerosol properties from Airborne Hyper Angular
Rainbow Polarimeter (AirHARP) observations during ACEPOL 2017
Authors: Puthukkudy Anin , Martins J. Vanderlei , Remer Lorraine A. , Xu Xiaoguang , Dubovik Oleg , Litvinov Pavel , McBride Brent , Burton Sharon , Barbosa Henrique M. J.
Published: March 2020

Abstract. Multi-angle polarimetric (MAP) imaging of Earth scenes can be used for the retrieval of microphysical and optical parameters of aerosols and clouds. The Airborne Hyper-Angular Rainbow Polarimeter (AirHARP) is an aircraft MAP instrument with the hyper-angular imaging capability of 60 along-track viewing angles at 670 nm, and 20 along-track viewing angles at other wavelengths 440, 550, 870 nm across the full 114° (94°) along-track (cross-track) field-of-view. Here we report the retrieval of aerosol properties using the Generalized Retrieval of Aerosols and Surface Properties (GRASP) algorithm applied to AirHARP observations collected during the NASA Aerosol Characterization from Polarimeter and Lidar (ACEPOL) campaign in October–November 2017. The retrieved aerosol properties include spherical fraction (SF), aerosol volume concentration in multiple size distribution modes, and with sufficient aerosol loading, complex aerosol refractive index. From these primary retrievals, we derive aerosol optical depth (AOD), Angstrom exponent (AE), and single scattering albedo (SSA). AOD retrieved from AirHARP measurements are compared with the High Spectral Resolution LiDAR-2 (HSRL2) AOD measurements at 532 nm and validated with measurements from collocated Aerosol Robotic NETwork (AERONET) stations. A good correlation with HSRL2 (𝜌 = 0.940, |𝐵𝐼𝐴𝑆| = 0.062) and AERONET AOD (0.013 ≤ Mean Absolute Error (𝑀𝐴𝐸) ≤ 0.017, 0.013 ≤ |𝐵𝐼𝐴𝑆| ≤ 0.017) measurements is observed for the collocated points. Forest fire smoke intercepted during ACEPOL provided a situation with sufficient aerosol loading to retrieve the real part of the refractive index (RRI) of 1.55 and the imaginary part of the refractive index (IRI) of 0.024 The derived SSAs for this case are 0.87, 0.86, 0.84, 0.81 at wavelengths of 440 nm, 550 nm, 670 nm, and 870 nm, respectively. Finer particles with an average AE of 1.53, volume median radius of 0.157 µm and standard deviation of 0.55 µm for fine mode is observed for the same smoke plume. These results serve as a proxy for the scale and detail of aerosol retrievals that are anticipated from future space mission data, as :HARP CubeSat (mission begins 2020) and HARP2 (aboard the NASA PACE mission with launch in 2023) are near duplicates of AirHARP and are expected to provide the same level of aerosol characterization.
Assessing branched tetraether lipids as tracers of soil organic carbon transport through the Carminowe Creek catchment (southwest England)
Authors: Guo Jingjing , Glendell Miriam , Meersmans Jeroen , Kirkels Frédérique , Middelburg Jack J. , Peterse Francien
Published: March 2020

Abstract. Soils represent the largest reservoir of organic carbon (OC) on land. Upon mobilization, this OC is either returned to the atmosphere as carbon dioxide (CO2), or transported and ultimately locked into (marine) sediments, where it will act as a long-term sink of atmospheric CO2. These fluxes of soil OC are, however, poorly quantified, mostly due to the lack of a soil-specific tracer. In this study, a suite of branched glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers (brGDGTs), which are membrane lipids of soil bacteria, is tested as specific tracers for soil OC from source (soils under arable land, ley, grassland and woodland) to sink (Lake Loe Pool sediments) considering a small catchment located in southwest England (i.e. Carminowe Creek draining into Lake Loe Pool). The analysis of brGDGTs in catchment soils reveals that their distribution is not significantly different across different land use types (p > 0.05), and thus does not allow tracing land use-specific soil contributions to Lake Loe Pool sediments. Furthermore, the significantly higher contribution of 6-methyl brGDGT isomers in creek sediments (isomerization ratio (IR) = 0.48 ± 0.10; mean ± s.d., standard deviation; p
A global gridded (0.1° × 0.1°) inventory of methane emissions from oil, gas, and coal exploitation based on national reports to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change
Authors: Scarpelli Tia R. , Jacob Daniel J. , Maasakkers Joannes D. , Sulprizio Melissa P. , Sheng Jian-Xiong , Rose Kelly , Romeo Lucy , Worden John R. , Janssens-Maenhout Greet
Published: March 2020

Abstract. Individual countries report national emissions of
methane, a potent greenhouse gas, in accordance with the United Nations
Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). We present a global
inventory of methane emissions from oil, gas, and coal exploitation that
spatially allocates the national emissions reported to the UNFCCC
(Scarpelli et al., 2019). Our inventory is at 0.1∘×0.1∘ resolution and resolves the subsectors of oil and gas
exploitation, from upstream to downstream, and the different emission
processes (leakage, venting, flaring). Global emissions for 2016 are 41.5 Tg a−1 for oil, 24.4 Tg a−1 for gas, and 31.3 Tg a−1 for coal.
An array of databases is used to spatially allocate national emissions to
infrastructure, including wells, pipelines, oil refineries, gas processing
plants, gas compressor stations, gas storage facilities, and coal mines.
Gridded error estimates are provided in normal and lognormal forms based on
emission factor uncertainties from the IPCC. Our inventory shows large
differences with the EDGAR v4.3.2 global gridded inventory both at the
national scale and in finer-scale spatial allocation. It shows good
agreement with the gridded version of the United Kingdom's National
Atmospheric Emissions Inventory (NAEI). There are significant errors on the
0.1∘×0.1∘ grid associated with the location and magnitude
of large point sources, but these are smoothed out when averaging the
inventory over a coarser grid. Use of our inventory as prior estimate in
inverse analyses of atmospheric methane observations allows investigation of
individual subsector contributions and can serve policy needs by evaluating
the national emissions totals reported to the UNFCCC. Gridded data sets can
be accessed at https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/HH4EUM (Scarpelli et al., 2019).
Creative practice as a potential tool to build drought and flood resilience in the Global South
Authors: Van Loon Anne F. , Lester-Moseley Imogen , Rohse Melanie , Jones Phil , Day Rosie
Published: March 2020

Abstract. Global South communities are increasingly exposed and vulnerable to natural hazards such as floods and droughts. Preparing for future extremes requires including diverse knowledges, elevating under-represented voices, thinking out of the box for possible solutions, enhancing communication between diverse groups, and instigating organisational and behavioural change. In this study we investigate whether artistic and creative processes could support Global South communities in improving their preparedness to extremes. A literature review of 267 journal articles published between 2000 and 2018 showed that there is a growing body of research on using creative practice in environmental issues. Art and creativity are for example often used for raising awareness of climate change and for encouraging behavioural change in relation to health issues. Research using creative practice to increase resilience to natural hazards, such as earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, tsunamis, floods and droughts is, however, still very rare. An opportunity exists to better understand the application of the wide range of creative methods currently used for environmental and health-related issues also to enhance resilience to droughts and floods. We tested this in a pilot project in South Africa, in which we designed storytelling workshops to create community narratives about impacts of and preparedness for future drought. These narratives were filmed and edited and shared both with the community and governance actors. Although this was a short pilot project and the effects have not been thoroughly researched, we see potential for these kind of methodologies. We noticed that the approach allowed people to imagine future droughts and that it opened up conversation about potential adaptation measures. Based on the literature and pilot study we call for more research on the use of creative practice in building resilience to extreme events. It is especially important to investigate how the use of creative methods compares to other methods, and how effective creative practice is to make a difference, either in people’s own behaviour or in communicating people's needs to decision makers.