bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Advancing Social Justice Training through a Difficult Dialogue Initiative: Reflections From Facilitators and Participants
Authors: Wilkins-Yel Kerrie G. , Gumbiner Laura M. , Grimes Jeffrey L. , Li P. F. Jonah
Published: June 2020

Our society continues to be plagued with rampant acts of racism, sexism, xenophobia, transphobia, misogyny, and hate crimes. More so than ever before, engaging in difficult dialogues across differences is imperative. Counseling psychologists are equipped with a multitude of skills that make them uniquely suited to be leaders in effective dialogue engagement. This article provides an overview of a time-limited social justice training opportunity for emerging counseling psychologists called Community Conversations. Community Conversations are designated brave spaces where small groups of college students from varying backgrounds are invited to engage in facilitated interactive and experiential dialogues that explore difficult topics related to power, privilege, and marginalization. The current study examined the multi-tiered impact of the Community Conversations Initiative on both graduate student facilitators and undergraduate participants. We discuss results and practical implications.
Analysis on the Legal Nature of ‘Responsibility to Protect’
Authors: Pak Hui-Chol , Son Hye-Ryon , Jong Son-Kyong
Published: June 2020

At present, some states are undertaking military interventions in different parts of the world, contending the ‘legitimacy’ of their i006Evocation of responsibility to protect civilians from a humanitarian crisis. Discussions at international forums concerning the concept of Responsibility to Protect (R2P) are inconclusive about its legal nature and application. While some scholars and states support the doctrine of R2P as being legitimate, others challenge or take a rather sceptical view. Divergent views seem to be originating from its incompatibilities with the rules of international law, including the Charter of the United Nations. What is controversial is that the supporters of R2P are mainly from the West, while objections to R2P are from developing countries mainly from West Asia or Africa. This raises concerns about the possibility of future applications of R2P in any of the countries in these regions or other developing countries. The article, analyses the legal nature of R2P in terms of the main principles of international law and other sources of international law and argues that the legitimacy and international legal effect of R2P are uncertain.
Local Knowledge and Marine Livelihoods Among the South Indian Fishing Community
Authors: Pukkalla Dalibandhu , Rama Mohan KR
Published: June 2020

The phenomenon of local knowledge of the fishing community about fish ethology and conservation of existing natural resources are investigated in this article. It explores the inextricably intertwined aspects and long-lasting constructive dependence of marine resources with a symbiotic relationship as critical components for integration with marine ecology. Lastly, the paper emphasizes the significance of local knowledge beliefs and systems which promote natural marine conservation methods for increased economic prosperity. The study focuses on the Telugu marine fishing community in South India.
Racial Identity Profiles Among Suicidal Black Women: A Replication and Extension Study
Authors: Mekawi Yara , Lewis Ciera B. , Watson-Singleton Natalie N. , Jatta Isatou F. , Ander llana , Lamis Dorian , Dunn Sarah E. , Kaslow Nadine J.
Published: June 2020

Despite increasing rates of suicidality among African American women, relatively little is known about culturally-specific factors relevant to their suicidality. Thus, our objectives were to: (1) determine whether previously-identified racial identity profiles replicated in a clinical sample of African American women and (2) examine whether profiles differed on suicidal ideation, hopelessness, and depressive symptoms. In a sample of 198 low-income, African American women ( Mage = 36), latent profile analysis supported a 5-class solution: Undifferentiated (average on all subscales), Detached (lower than the average on most subscales), Afrocentric (low public regard, high nationalism), Multiculturalist (high public regard, private regard, centrality), and Alienated (markedly lower than average on all subscales). Subgroups with higher racial group identification and more positive feelings about being African American endorsed less suicidal ideation and hopelessness than other subgroups. This study characterizes patterns of racial identity among a clinical sample and offers insights into how subgroups of individuals with different combinations of racial identity may be more likely to experience suicidality.
When Planets Collide: The British Conservative Party and the Discordant Goals of Delivering Brexit and Preserving the Domestic Union, 2016–2019
Authors: Kenny Michael , Sheldon Jack
Published: June 2020

This article explores how the British Conservative Party has dealt with the dilemmas arising from its pursuit of two increasingly discordant goals: delivering Brexit and maintaining the domestic Union. Drawing on interviews and analyses of parliamentary debates, we identify a resurgence in the 2016–2019 period of an older belief in a unitarist state, and a new form of pro-Union activism in policy terms. Against those commentators who depict Britain’s Conservatives as having abandoned their unionist vocation, we explore the coalescence of a more assertive and activist strain of unionist sentiment. But we also find a willingness among Conservatives at the centre to sub-contract thinking about non-English parts of the UK to ‘local’ political representatives such as the Democratic Unionist Party and the Scottish Conservatives, and a growing anxiety about how to handle emergent tensions between the competing priorities associated with delivering Brexit and maintaining the domestic Union.
Historicizing the crisis of scientific misconduct in Indian science
Authors: Shahare Mahendra , Roberts Lissa L.
Published: June 2020

A flurry of discussions about plagiarism and predatory publications in recent times has brought the issue of scientific misconduct in India to the fore. The debate has framed scientific misconduct in India as a recent phenomenon. This article questions that framing, which rests on the current tendency to define and police scientific misconduct as a matter of individual behavior. Without ignoring the role of individuals, this article contextualizes their actions by calling attention to the conduct of the institutions, as well as social and political structures that are historically responsible for governing the practice of science in India since the colonial period. Scientific (mis)conduct, in other words, is here examined as a historical phenomenon borne of the interaction between individuals’ aspirations and the systems that impose, measure, and reward scientific output in particular ways. Importantly, historicizing scientific misconduct in this way also underscores scientist-driven initiatives and regulatory interventions that have placed India at the leading edge of reform. With the formal establishment of the Society for Scientific Values in 1986, Indian scientists became the first national community worldwide to monitor research integrity in an institutionally organized way.
Poetic Transcription in the Sociology Classroom: Developing Empathy, Analytical Skills, Creativity, and Engagement
Authors: Romero Rachel
Published: June 2020

This note overviews a class activity and an assignment for engaging poetic transcription. Poetic transcription is an arts-based research method commonly employed in the analysis and representation of qualitative data. The discussion provides some background on arts-based research, poetic inquiry, and poetic transcription as research practices within the qualitative tradition. Furthermore, it shows how utilizing poetry in the classroom can help develop empathy and analytical skills as well as facilitate collaboration, creativity, and student engagement. This teaching note includes an examination of the students’ impressions using poetic transcription and links poetic transcription to critical pedagogical practices for teaching and learning sociology. I conclude with a discussion that offers considerations for future practitioners.
Combating the “Too Sensitive” Argument: A Demonstration That Captures the Complexity of Microaggressions
Authors: Eisen Daniel B.
Published: June 2020

Colorblind ideology provides individuals with numerous ways to minimize racism. This poses a challenge for instructors who teach about race and racism as students deploy this ideology to derail classroom discussions. Student resistance may be amplified when discussing microaggressions because students often characterize focusing on microaggressions as being “too sensitive” or trying to see racism where it does not exist. This article details a demonstration that attempts to move students past the too-sensitive argument so they can understand the complexity of microaggressions. An analysis of anonymous student reflections shows that the activity successfully conveys the cumulative impact of microaggressions, demonstrates how racism is embedded in everyday interactions, and encourages students to reflect on their own role in perpetuating and ending racism. In short, the demonstration helped students understand the structural and cumulative nature of microaggressions by combating the too-sensitive argument and encouraging a critical examination of racism.
Indigenizing Urban Landscapes: Northwest Coast Artists and Cities in the Late Twentieth Century
Authors: Rosenthal Nicolas G.
Published: June 2020

The experiences of Northwest Coast artists show how Indigenous peoples have confronted a past marked by conquest and the importance of urban areas for these purposes. Benefiting from the “Northwest Coast Renaissance” that emerged after World War II, Indigenous artists traveled to cities in British Columbia where they studied museum collections, attended art school, and entered the art market. These artists influenced the discourse over the meaning of Indigenous art by engaging in conversations with academics, collectors, curators, fellow artists, government officials, and tourists. Advocating for broader issues of cultural and political sovereignty, they also worked to “indigenize urban landscapes,” or to shape the cities of British Columbia during critical periods of urban growth. Despite significant limitations, such efforts have been built upon and are continued by the generation of Northwest Coast artists working today.
The State of the UK funeral industry
Authors: Fletcher Samantha , McGowan William
Published: June 2020

The UK funeral industry is a frequently overlooked sector within critical policy discussions of State practice and welfare provision. In this article, we propose three ‘ideal types’ for making sense of State-Industry interactions: Explicit State Provision; Public-Private Legislation; and Corporate Capital. Situating these ideal types against the backdrop of austerity, we highlight three respective examples from the industry to evidence different roles performed by Funeral Directors (FDs), including: negotiations with the Department for Work and Pensions (DWP); HM Coroner contract tendering; and larger scale processes of capital accumulation through the industry’s biggest provider, Dignity plc. Our analysis reveals that the funeral industry represents a nebulous political and moral economy whose local practices differ markedly, evidencing critical insights into the workings, both present and ‘absent’, of the neoliberal State.
Performance characteristics of the new Eurosets magnetically suspended centrifugal pump
Authors: Berdajs Denis , von Segesser Ludwig K , Maisano Francesco , Milano Guiseppina , Ferrari Enrico
Published: June 2020

Objective:

The aim was to evaluate the performance of a newly developed magnetically suspended centrifugal pump head intended for use as a ventricular assistance device with a newly developed extracorporeal membrane oxygenator setup.

Methods:

In an experimental setup, an extracorporeal membrane oxygenator circuit was established in three calves with a mean weight of 68.2 ± 2.0 kg. A magnetically levitated centrifugal pump was tested, along with a newly designed extracorporeal membrane oxygenator console, at three different flow ranges: (a) 0.0 to 5.2 L/min, (b) 0.0 to 7.1 L/min, and (c) 0.0 to 6.0 L/min. For each setup, the animals were supported by a circuit for 6 h. Blood samples were collected just before caridiopulmonary bypass (CPB) after 10 min on bypass and after 1, 2, 5, and 6 h of perfusion for hemolysis determination and biochemical tests. Values were recorded for blood pressure, mean flow, and pump rotational speed. Analysis of variance was used for repeated measurements.

Results:

Mean pump flows achieved during the three 6 h pump runs for the three pump heads studied were as follows: (a) flow range 0.0 to 5.2 L/min, 3.6 ± 1.5 L/min, (b) flow range 0.0 to 7.1 L/min, 4.9 ± 1.3 L/min, and (c) flow range 0.0 to 6.0 L/min, 3.8 ± 1.5 L/min. Blood trauma, evaluated by plasma hemoglobin and lactate dehydrogenase levels, did not help in detecting any significant hemolysis. Thrombocytes and white blood cell count profiles showed no significant differences between the groups at the end of the 6 h perfusion. At the end of testing, no clot deposition was found in the oxygenator, and there was no evidence of peripheral emboli.

Conclusion:

The results suggest that the newly developed magnetically suspended centrifugal pump head provides satisfactory hydrodynamic performance in an acute perfusion scenario without increasing hemolysis.
The Effectiveness of Safe Surfing Intervention Program in Reducing WhatsApp Cyberbullying and Improving Classroom Climate and Student Sense of Class Belonging in Elementary School
Authors: Aizenkot Dana , Kashy-Rosenbaum Gabriela
Published: June 2020

Schools have prioritized fighting cyberbullying by implementing intervention programs. Yet few interventions have been studied for their effectiveness in reducing cyberbullying and improving socio-emotional aspects in the classroom. This study reports the results of the Safe Surfing intervention program designed to reduce cyberbullying in WhatsApp classmate discourse. Data were collected in the 2017-2018 school year from 533 students in 25 fourth- to sixth-grade classes (50% females) in six elementary schools in Israel. Two of the schools served as the control group. Results indicated a significant decrease in WhatsApp cyberbullying victimization and a significant improvement of classroom climate and student sense of class belonging in the experiment group. This compared with a significant increase in cyberbullying and a significant decrease in classroom climate and student sense of belonging in the control group. Educational implications are discussed. The findings demonstrate the achievements of the anti-cyberbullying intervention program, alongside the threats of avoiding intervention.
Mortality statistics in England and Wales: the SARS-CoV-2 paradox
Authors: Harrison Gabrielle , Newport Daniel , Robbins Tim , Arvanitis Theodoros N. , Stein Andrew
Published: June 2020

Objective

To analyse mortality statistics in the United Kingdom during the initial phases of the severe acute respiratory coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic and to understand the impact of the pandemic on national mortality.

Methods

Retrospective review of weekly national mortality statistics in the United Kingdom over the past 5 years, including subgroup analysis of respiratory mortality rates.

Results

During the early phases of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in the first months of 2020, there were consistently fewer deaths per week compared with the preceding 5 years. This pattern was not observed at any other time within the past 5 years. We have termed this phenomenon the “SARS-CoV-2 paradox.” We postulate potential explanations for this seeming paradox and explore the implications of these data.

Conclusions

Paradoxically, but potentially importantly, lower rather than higher weekly mortality rates were observed during the early stages of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. This paradox may have implications for current and future healthcare utilisation. A rebound increase in non-SARS-CoV-2 mortality later this year might coincide with the peak of SARS-CoV-2 admissions and mortality.
Validation of the effectiveness of a modified Studer orthotopic neobladder in a single center after 3 years of its application
Authors: Maltagliati Matteo , Milandri Riccardo , Bocchialini Tommaso , Graziotti Pierpaolo , Guarneri Andrea , Naselli Angelo
Published: June 2020

Introduction and Objective:

In this study, we reported the 2 years outcomes of orthotopic neobladder diversion according to the Studer modified technique described by Bianchi G. et al. This technique improves the stability of the reservoir and the urine-storage capacity. After radical cystectomy, urinary diversion is created with a spheroidal-shaped reservoir with a conic distal-part, obtained with 40 cm detubulized ileal segment, and a 15 cm of tubular afferent limb, where a Wallace ureteral anastomoses is made. The conic distal part of the neobladder that is anastomized to the urethral stump. After the reconstructive part, the neobladder and the afferent limb are attached to the elevator ani and psoas muscles, respectively.

Materials and Methods:

In all, 18 patients underwent radical cystectomy with the reconstruction of urinary diversion with the Modified-Studer Orthotopic technique, at S. Giuseppe Hospital. We studied the post-operative years of follow-up, especially with anamnesis of lower urinary tract, axial computerized tomography, and blood tests, according to the EAU guidelines.

Results:

We discover with TC 2 cases of low-grade bilateral hydronephrosis, associated with a slight increase in creatinine levels (1.4–1.8 mg/dL). No stricture at the neobladder-urethral anastomosis was detected. Three patients complain daytime urinary incontinence; only two patients report nocturnal urinary incontinence. One patient underwent ureteroscopy for lithiasis and 1 patient died for non-onco-urological disease.

Conclusion:

The modifications we applied to the Studer-Neobladder seems to improve urinary tract restoration, potentially decreasing long-term complications like hydronephrosis connected to ureteral anastomotic stenosis (11.1% vs 16.9% reported in literature) and urinary retention (0% vs 12% reported in literature). However, we discovered the same risk of diurnal and nocturnal incontinence reported in literature for the classic Studer Neobladder.
Executive Function and Planning Features of Students With Different Types of Learning Difficulties in Chinese Junior Middle School
Authors: Deng Meiqi , Cai Dan , Zhou Xuan , Leung Ada W. S.
Published: June 2020

The aim of the present study was to investigate the executive function and planning features of students with different types of learning difficulties. Students with mathematics difficulty (MD; n = 17), reading difficulty (RD; n = 12), and their commonalities (MDRD; n = 22), along with typically academically developing peers (TD; n = 22), were evaluated on an array of cognitive measures (working memory, inhibition, and planning) individually. Results revealed significant differences among groups on various cognitive measures. Students in the MD, RD, and MDRD groups showed poorer performance compared to the TD group on all of the working memory, inhibition, and planning tasks. The MDRD group showed an overall weakness when compared to other groups, indicating severe cognitive deficits in students with MDRD. The RD group showed deficits in inhibition and planning on tasks requiring verbal skills; MD students showed deficits in inhibition and planning on digit-related tasks. However, no salient difference was found among the MD, RD, and TD groups on working memory. Results have implications for understanding the cognitive features of MD, RD, and MDRD. Intervention programs targeting inhibition and planning may be beneficial for improving reading and mathematics achievement in students with learning difficulties.
Quantification of landfill gas generation and renewable energy potential in arid countries: Case study of Bahrain
Authors: Coskuner Gulnur , Jassim Majeed S , Nazeer Nauman , Damindra Galbokka H
Published: June 2020

Sustainable solid waste management can provide pathways for renewable energy generation. The Kingdom of Bahrain has witnessed burgeoning municipal solid waste (MSW) generation rate due to socio-economic development. The authorities of this Small Island Developing State, which is located in arid environment, plan to produce 5% of the total electricity demand from renewable energy sources by 2025 and then double it to 10% by 2035. The US Environmental Protection Agency’s Landfill Gas Emission Model software was used to estimate the generation of biogas from MSW at the Askar Landfill site. Results envisaged that maximum landfill gas (LFG) emission rates will be in 2020 following landfill closure by the end of 2019, as an intentional scenario, with a maximum electricity generation potential of 57.4 GWh that could provide power to 488 households. Revenues from carbon credits and electricity sales were US$97.8 million and US$64.8 million, respectively, for the period 2020–2035. The internal combustion engine exhibited the most viable option based on economic analysis of the cost of alternative LFG energy recovery technologies. Our work highlights the potential to use LFG-to-energy technologies to reduce the carbon footprint in arid climates for developing countries with substantial electricity subsidization.
Engage, Ignore, Stand Up: Exploring How (and Why) Early Adolescents Respond to Sexual Harassment
Authors: Salomon Ilyssa , Brown Christia Spears
Published: June 2020

Sexual harassment is a common experience among middle and high school students across the United States. Being the target of and even witnessing sexual harassment is associated with a number of negative consequences for adolescents. This study sought to explore early adolescent boys’ and girls’ reasoning about (a) perpetrating sexual harassment (i.e., making comments about another student’s body), (b) confronting sexual harassment when they are the target, and (c) confronting sexual harassment when they are the bystander or witness. Participants were 142 seventh-grade students (46 boys, 96 girls) ranging from 11 to 14 years old ( Mage = 12.44 years, SDage = .61). Utilizing a quantitative content analysis, this study analyzed themes that emerged from adolescents’ open-ended responses to questions about sexual harassment and their perception of the consequences. The results suggest that adolescents’ reasoning about sexual harassment is complex, reflecting morality concerns, social pressures, and challenges with interpreting sexual interest within a context of sexually objectifying cultural scripts.
A design approach for multi-configuration hybrid transmission mechanisms
Authors: Chen Yan-song , Chen I-Ming , Liu Tyng
Published: June 2020

Several hybrid architectures have been widely used in hybrid electric vehicles. For example, power-split architecture brings seamless operation, while parallel architecture makes the internal combustion engine directly drive the wheel. To combine the advantages of various architectures, this study aims to develop a design approach to create a transmission mechanism that has multiple configurations and uses these configurations to achieve several hybrid architectures. First, this study standardized hybrid transmission mechanisms using the Function Power Graph; this powerful and intuitive tool inspired several elements and an element layout for the new mechanisms. Then, several configurations with up to five elements were enumerated and organized into the databases. Next, the mechanisms with multiple configurations and a limited number of clutching units (clutches or brakes) were evaluated, 10 of which were identified as the best group that provided five parallel configurations, two 2-motor electric vehicle configurations, and a power-split configuration. At the end of this paper, a novel hybrid transmission mechanism was developed as a demonstration. It provides higher power and torque at the output but there is no need to use the larger internal combustion engine or motor-generators. This mechanism also enables the internal combustion engine to drive in overdrive parallel architectures to avoid the loss in energy conversion when the power-split architecture is not required. As a result, after a designer specifies the desired hybrid configurations, follows the procedure, and uses the configuration databases built in this study, a novel hybrid transmission mechanism will be created.
A great engineer and inspiring teacher
Authors: Lan Tien T
Published: June 2020

This article is presented in remembrance of Professor Mamoru Kawaguchi. He has won a great deal of recognition in China and could be cited as a great engineer. Three projects that have been realized successfully in Tianjin—that is, Yingbin Tower, Tianjin Museum, and Yongle Bridge—are presented. As an inspiring teacher, his remarkable personal quality can be found in three events held in China. The article concludes with his activities in conducting a technical tour of 2016 International Association for Shells and Spatial Structures Symposium and interview of a TV film in 2018.
The Contribution of Lesotho Dairy Products to the Livelihoods of Dairy Farm Households in Maseru and Berea Districts in Lesotho
Authors: Rantšo Tšepiso A. , Makhobotloane Moipone
Published: June 2020

Agriculture forms a major source of livelihood for many people in Lesotho. The major agricultural activities include crop production and animal husbandry. Many farmers produce agricultural goods, mainly crops for subsistence purposes. There are also some subsistence farmers who participate in animal husbandry. Subsistence farmers keep livestock mainly for social and economic purposes. For instance, some farmers rear animals for prestige, ploughing, paying bride prices as well as producing milk for household use. The traditional breeds of cattle in many parts of Lesotho are kept mainly for domestic use. Despite a large number of Basotho farmers keeping livestock for subsistence purposes, there are some farmers who rear cattle for producing milk. These cattle are purchased from the neighbouring South Africa, while some are crossbred in the country. Some dairy farmers are members of associations, while others are not. Both association members and non-members market the milk in the local dairy industry, Lesotho Dairy Products (LDP). The supply of milk to the local dairy industry is not sustainable due to the small number of farmers participating in dairy farming. This has thwarted the capacity of the dairy industry to produce a variety of dairy products for the domestic market. As a result, the local market is flooded with milk products imported from South Africa. This shows that the forward linkage between LDP and farmers is too weak. This has in turn affected the output (backward linkage) of the dairy industry negatively. The industry specialises in the production of a few dairy products. Besides creating employment opportunities for dairy farmers, farm workers, as well as people working in the industry, the dairy industry has limited backward linkage within the local economy. It does not produce essential agricultural inputs for farmers such as pesticides and dairy cattle. In the light of these, this research study investigates the contribution of the dairy industry in improving the lives of dairy farm households and the economy of Lesotho. This is achieved by looking at production linkages (forward and backward) between dairy farmers and LDP.
Situating Preventive Action in a Moral and Clinical Context: A Qualitative Synthesis on Fall Prevention
Authors: de la Cuesta-Benjumea Carmen , Abad-Corpa Eva , Lidón-Cerezuela Beatriz , Orts-Cortés Isabel , Meseguer-Liza Cristóbal , Arredondo-González Claudia Patricia
Published: June 2020

The prevention of falls is an integral part of the safety culture of health institutions with mandatory fall prevention programs set within health care facilities. Care providers are key in identifying the risks of falls and in implementing strategic actions to prevent them. With the aim to better understand practices of fall prevention, we conducted a synthesis of qualitative evidence on care providers’ practices to prevent older people from falling in health care facilities. This synthesis is part of an integrative review of the role of care providers in fall prevention of adults aged 65 years and above. Primary studies were synthesized with the emerging core category of “a complex decision” and described by four emerging conditions that make that decision complex: (a) permanent threat of a fall, (b) continuous flow of information, (c) lack of control, and (d) ethical dilemmas and moral issues over the course of action. The present synthesis shows that before implementing preventive actions, care providers consider the conditions in which they are immersed, in this way situating their preventive actions in a clinical and a moral context.
Use of the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) in Practice: Interactions between patients and physicians
Authors: Ford Joseph , Thomas Felicity , Byng Richard , McCabe Rose
Published: June 2020

We analyze the use of nine-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), an instrument that is widely used in diagnosing and determining the severity of depression. Using conversation analysis, we show how the doctor deploys the PHQ-9 in response to the patient’s doubts about whether she is depressed. Rather than relaying the PHQ-9 verbatim, the doctor deviates from the wording so that the response options are selectively offered to upgrade the severity of the patient’s symptoms. This works in favor of a positive diagnosis and is used to justify a treatment recommendation that the patient previously resisted. This contrasted with the rest of the data set, where diagnosis was either not delivered (as patients are presenting with ongoing problems) or delivered without using the PHQ-9. When clinician-administered, the PHQ-9 can be influenced by how response items are presented. This can lead to either downgrading or upgrading the severity of depression.
A Netnographic Approach: Views on Assisted Dying for Individuals With Dementia
Authors: Dehkhoda Aida , Owens R. Glynn , Malpas Phillipa J.
Published: June 2020

Alongside increasing rates of dementia diagnoses worldwide, efforts to seek alternative end-of-life options also increase. While the concept of assisted dying remains controversial, the discussion around its provision for people with dementia raises even more sensitivity. In this study, we explored how the practice of assisted dying for people with dementia is conceptualized and understood using the shared narratives of online contributors. An observational netnography over 20 months was carried out within five open Facebook communities. Thematic analysis was conducted on 1,007 online comments about assisted dying and dementia. Results reflected four central themes and five subthemes: understanding dementia; understanding assisted dying laws; caregivers’ feelings; and moral/personal dilemmas. Findings reveal that the majority of communities’ contributors fear developing dementia. They support the provision of advance euthanasia directives—written by competent patients—to prevent unnecessary suffering, and protect patients’ wishes and freedom of choice when decision-making competency is lost.
Understanding Experiences in Hospice: Exploring Temporal, Occupational, and Relational Dimensions Using Pictor Technique
Authors: Bulk Laura Yvonne , Kimel Gil , King Nigel , Nimmon Laura
Published: June 2020

Temporality, occupation, and relationships are identified as discrete factors that impact quality of life for individuals at the end of life and those around them. However, scholars, practitioners, and educators require insights regarding whether and how interactions between these factors shape this quality of life. This study is framed by an understanding that meaning is negotiated between people through social interaction and occupational engagement in temporal contexts. We conducted in-depth interviews with 9 patients and 10 family members, incorporating the Pictor visual elicitation technique. Analysis was conducted through an iterative process involving open and selective coding. Findings are described as three main processes: (a) experiences of temporal rupture, (b) diminished significance of clock time, and (c) shifts in occupational priorities. Participants’ perspectives may help carers understand how to foster positive temporal experiences and quality of life for patients and those who love them.
Emerging From the “Ku:” Fluctuating in Adjusting With Breast Cancer—A Post-Traumatic Growth Theory Situated Within Chinese Culture
Authors: Zhai Jianxia , Weller-Newton Jennifer M. , Shimoinaba Kaori , Chen Hong , Copnell Beverley
Published: June 2020

This purpose of the study was to construct a model (theory) to understand Chinese women’s adjustment process in living with breast cancer. A constructivist grounded theory method was adopted in this study. A total of 24 women were recruited through purposive and theoretical sampling. Semi-structured, audio-recorded interviews were undertaken in Chinese and transcribed. Initial coding, focused coding, and theoretical coding approaches were used to identify subcategories and categories, and to construct the emergent theory. The basic social process these women used to deal with the breast cancer diagnosis was identified as: Emerging from the ‘ku’: Fluctuating in adjusting with breast cancer. Four categories were revealed following analysis: confronting challenges, orienting to reality, accommodating the illness, and transforming their lives, which encapsulated the main cognitive and emotional processes in which Chinese women engaged in their adjustment to living with their illness. The core process was influenced by a variety of contextual influences, which were identified as personal factors, social-environmental factors, and some specific cultural factors which emphasized positive changes. Chinese cultural values such as “Wuwei” coping strategies, familial primacy, and Chinese self-disclosure contribute to Chinese women’s adjustment processes and post-traumatic growth experiences. Hence, there is a need to consider Chinese cultural features, in designing culturally tailored supportive programs in multi-cultural clinical settings.
Meandering as Method for Conversational Learning and Collaborative Inquiry
Authors: Friedman Victor J. , Robinson Sarah , Egan Mark , Jones David R. , Rhew Nicholas D. , Sama Linda M.
Published: June 2020

Collaborative inquiry and conversational learning are approaches to management education and learning in which participants construct knowledge together through dialogue. Both approaches advocate letting go of control to allow insight to emerge through free-flowing conversation, but little has been written about how to accomplish this. Furthermore, these approaches contradict expectations about learning among both teachers and students and raise fears of discussion degenerating into pointlessness. This article presents the idea of “meandering”—wandering casually without urgent destination—as a way of framing a conversation process that can help management educators loosen control without being out of control. It is based on a case of group learning generated by the six authors at the 2019 Research in Management Learning and Education Unconference. Our conversational learning process, which we described as meandering, was not only pleasant and rewarding but also led to a concrete action plan and research agenda. In this article, we demonstrate and discuss the highly relational, embodied, and contextual nature of meandering and propose a research agenda for generating more knowledge about this method and how to put it into practice in management learning and education.
The Language of Legacies: The Politics of Evoking Dead Leaders
Authors: Andrews-Lee Caitlin , Liu Amy H.
Published: June 2020

How can leaders recover public trust and approval when government performance is low? We argue politicians use speeches evoking images of deceased predecessors to reactivate support temporarily. This distracts supporters from the poor performance and arouses empathy and nostalgia among them, causing them to perceive the current leader more favorably. We test this argument by scraping for all speeches by Argentine president Cristina Fernández de Kirchner. We identify all instances when she referenced Juan Perón—the charismatic founder of the Justice Party. We find that as Kirchner’s approval rating decreases, the number of Perón references increases. To identify the causal mechanism and to ensure that endogeneity is not a concern, we employ text analysis and a natural experiment—courtesy of LAPOP. The results provide robust evidence that leaders reference their dead predecessors to evoke positive feelings. However, while doing so can improve public opinion, the effects manifest only in the short term and among supporters.
Dwelling With Wildflowers: Qualitative Inquiry as Life-Living and Life-Giving
Authors: Kruger Frans
Published: June 2020

In this short piece, I reconsider qualitative inquiry based on my chance encounter with a buttonhole flower. This encounter offered me an opportunity to explore not only my relationship with vegetal life, but also how dwelling with wildflowers allows one to reconceptualize qualitative inquiry as a practice of life-living and live-giving that emerges from a logic of conviviality. Practicing qualitative inquiry as life-living and life-giving serves as a means to unmoor our practices of inquiry from the abstraction of re-presentation and the predicative logic on which this is based, and to offer instead a conceptualization of inquiry as a process of dwelling with/in the world, and in this togetherness, experience (the potential of) life.
Creative Subversion: Staking a Claim for Critical Qualitative Inquiry
Authors: Cisneros Puebla César A.
Published: June 2020

It is important to define the ethnographical practices as a way of thinking and doing critical qualitative inquiry. Creative subversion currently arises as a breaking of rules, institutional change, social or political protest, popular or civic rebellion, fighting the law or simply radical transformation of situations. Today it is everywhere even though there is too much silence around it, which could be catastrophic for qualitative research. Reflexive methods could be enriched if researchers looking for social transformation and collaborating in civil resistance integrate in their ethnographical practices the creative subversion as shared knowledge object. It is pertinent to interpret the social action involved in such transformative processes as a poetics of rage collective or individually performed. Doing a review of how creative subversion has been dealt in the contemporary social science, this article is an effort to provide a nuance and rigorous definition.
COMT by DRD3 Epistatic Interaction in Modulating Behaviors in Children with ADHD: A Pharmaco-Dynamic Behavioral Approach
Authors: Fageera Weam , Grizenko Natalie , Sengupta Sarojini M. , Schmitz Norbert , Joober Ridha
Published: June 2020

Objective:

Examining the joint effect of two functional variants in two dopamine-related genes ( DRD3 and COMT) on ADHD-relevant behaviors under three experimental conditions (EC).

Method:

362 children with ADHD were assessed by parents and teachers during a week of baseline evaluation, followed by 1 week of MPH and placebo, administered in a double-blind crossover design.

Results:

Statistically significant 3-way ( DRD3-by- COMT-by-EC; p = .004) and 2-way interactions ( COMT by EC; p = .002) were observed on Conners’-Teachers scores. Children with the COMT Met/Met genotype had lower scores at baseline and on placebo compared to the other genotype groups. Furthermore, stratifying the children according to their COMT genotypes helped to detect statistically significant and biologically meaningful effects of DRD3 genotype.

Conclusions:

These findings suggest that COMT and DRD3 genetic variants may together play a role in ADHD symptomatology and response to treatment through gene-gene interaction.
Delamination of Acuseal early cannulation arteriovenous graft months after implantation
Authors: Suemitsu Kotaro , Shiraki Tatsuya , Miyamoto Masahito , Sasagawa Naru , Nakamura Tomohiro , Izumi Masaaki
Published: June 2020

Arteriovenous fistula is recommended, but arteriovenous graft is acceptable when a fistula is not possible. Acuseal is an early cannulation graft with a trilayer structure. Although primary patency rates of Acuseal appear to be similar to those of other standard grafts, few studies have investigated long-term results and complications. In our series, delamination of the wall structure occurred in 5.1% (6/115) by 21 months after Acuseal implantation. The causes could be divided into cannulation-related and cannulation-unrelated. Here, we describe the six cases in which delamination of the wall structure occurred in the medium term after Acuseal implantation.
The face validity of an initial sub-typology of people with autism spectrum disorders detained in psychiatric hospitals
Authors: Barnoux Magali , Alexander Regi , Bhaumik Sabyasachi , Devapriam John , Duggan Connor , Shepstone Lee , Staufenberg Ekkehart , Turner David , Tyler Nichola , Viding Essi , Langdon Peter E
Published: June 2020

Autistic adults who have a history of committing crimes present a major problem for providers of services in terms of legal disposal options and possible interventions, and greater understanding of this group and their associated needs is required. For this reason, we aimed to investigate the face validity of a proposed sub-typology of autistic adults detained in secure psychiatric hospitals in the United Kingdom. Initially, a focus group was completed with psychiatrists, clinical psychologists, healthcare workers, family members and autistic adults who had been detained in hospital, leading to revisions of the sub-typology. Following this, a consensus rating exercise of 10 clinical vignettes based on this sub-typology with three rounds was completed with 15 psychiatrists and clinical psychologists; revisions to the vignettes to improve clarity were made following each round. The findings indicated that these subtypes possess face validity and raters were able to classify all 10 clinical case vignettes into the sub-typology, and percentage of agreement ranged from 96% to 100% for overall subtype classification. This study suggests that the further validity of the sub-typology should be investigated within a larger study, as these subtypes have the potential to directly inform the hospital care pathway such that length of stay can be minimised.

Lay abstract

Autistic adults who have a history of committing crimes pose challenges for the criminal justice system in terms of disposal and treatment. For this reason, we investigated the validity of a proposed sub-typology of autistic adults detained in secure psychiatric hospitals. Initially, we ran a focus group with psychiatrists, clinical psychologists, healthcare workers, family members and autistic adults who had been detained in hospital to consider a sub-typology of autistic adults who may come into contact with secure psychiatric hospitals. We asked 15 psychiatrists and clinical psychologists to rate 10 clinical vignettes based on our sub-typology with three rounds; revisions to the vignettes to improve clarity were made following each round. The findings indicated that these subtypes possess face validity and raters were able to classify all 10 clinical case vignettes into the sub-typology and percentage of agreement ranged from 96% to 100% for overall subtype classification. The findings suggested that the further validity of the sub-typology should be investigated within a larger study using a clinical sample. These subtypes may help inform treatment and care pathways within hospital.
Simplified calculation method for flexural moment capacity of cold-formed steel built-up section beams
Authors: Yao Xinmei , Zhou Xuhong , Shi Yu , Guan Yu , Zou Yuxuan
Published: June 2020

Cold-formed steel built-up section beams are commonly employed in cold-formed steel framing owing to their excellent mechanical performance. In order to develop a simplified approach for obtaining the flexural moment capacity of built-up section beams, both experimental study and numerical analysis on the flexural behavior of cold-formed steel built-up I-section and box section beams under flexural load were carried out in this study. The I-section beams are assembled from two back-to-back cold-formed steel lipped channels, and the box section beams consist of a cold-formed steel plain channel overlapping a lipped channel. First, four-point bending tests were performed on 30 simply supported specimens having 10 different configurations, and the moment capacities and failure modes of built-up section beams at ultimate loads were investigated. The failure characteristics observed were the interaction of local and distortional buckling of the web and top flange for I-section beams and local buckling of the web and top flange in pure bending for box section beams. Then, finite element models were developed to simulate the tested specimens and validated against the experimental results in terms of the moment capacities and failure characteristics. Moreover, extensive parametric studies, including section height-to-width ratio and flange width-to-thickness ratio, were conducted with the validated numerical models to identify the key factors influencing built-up section beams. Finally, a simplified calculation method considering the reduction factor of the gross section modulus of the built-up section to predict the flexural moment capacities of cold-formed steel built-up I-section and box section beams was proposed.
Are we on the same page? Exploring stakeholders’ shared mental models of mobile health in rural Nigeria
Authors: Fox Grace , O’Connor Yvonne , Eze Emmanuel , Ndibuagu Edmund , Heavin Ciara
Published: June 2020

Despite the benefits promised by mobile health, the introduction of these solutions is often met with resistance from various stakeholders. This article adopts a shared mental model approach to unearth the current perceptions, concerns, and mentalities of key stakeholders engaged in the provision of healthcare in Nigeria. These include policy makers, academics, healthcare professionals, and health information systems developers. Interviews and focus groups were used to examine stakeholders’ views across three mental models: (1) the technology, (2) processes, and (3) the team. Our investigations reveal disparities in stakeholders’ existing mental models and their perceptions of the proposed mobile health solution. We argue that fostering a common understanding of mobile health, as well as elucidating an improved understanding of processes and team behaviours, will mitigate the risk of resistance among stakeholders involved in the design and delivery of community healthcare services and culminate in a positive attitude towards new mobile health solutions among these stakeholders. We highlight the need to enhance communication and training from national to rural levels to promote complementary mental models and positively influence team performance.