bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Finding the Positive: Reflective Observation of an Advising Session
Authors: Wongsarnpigoon Isra
Published: September 2020

This reflective paper contains observations on a specific advising session between a student and the author, who was in his first year as a learning advisor. During the session, particular attention was paid to the use of certain advising skills, namely empathizing and complimenting, and establishing a positive mood in the session. Following the session, the author reflected on the session and shared his observations with colleagues. The target skills were effective in prompting reflection from the student and acknowledging her positive achievements, and the session was more positive than previous ones. Observation also revealed, however, that there were other areas of the author’s advising that he could focus in the future. Finally, actions taken to act on the findings are described, along with further reflections on the author’s advising since the observation as well as how the reflection process aided his development as an advisor.
User Perceptions of an App for Managing Self-Directed Language Learning
Authors: Mynard Jo , Yamamoto Kie
Published: September 2020

In this paper, the researchers report on a study which is one part of an evaluation of a purpose-built app intended to support students’ self-directed language learning as part of a course of study. The app was used by Japanese learners of English for two years and was created in order to enhance and possibly eventually replace the paper-based materials that had been used for more than ten years. In this paper, the researchers present the findings from the research investigating learner and educator perceptions. As the ultimate purpose of the research was to be able to make informed decisions about the future use of the app, it was vital that these voices be included in the process. The findings indicate some benefits, but mostly limitations of the app and suggest ways in which future tools for managing self-directed learning be optimised.
DEGENERATIVE DISC DISEASE IN YOUNG PEOPLE. MEDICAL IMAGING TECHNIQUES
Authors: Abdullaiev R. Ya. , Ibragimova K. M. , Mamedov I. H. , Abdullaiev R. R.
Published: September 2020

Degenerative changes of intervertebral discs is a very complicated process as a result of interaction of many factors: genetic, environmental, physical activity. Abnormalities in the vertebrae structure create the preconditions for the overload of the vertebral motor segment, which contributes to the spread of degenerative lesions and increases the risk of spinal injuries. Degenerative disc disease is one of the most common causes of back pain. The process of degeneration begins at a young age and in adulthood it often becomes widespread with a predominance of one or another localization. Methods of medical imaging occupy an important place in diagnosis of musculoskeletal pathologies. Radiography assesses the changes only in bone structures, but does not allow the visualization of soft tissues, which include not only the ligaments of the vertebral motor segment, but also the intervertebral discs. Magnetic resonance imaging is the most effective method for diagnosing degenerative changes in intervertebral discs. Possibilities of ultrasound examination in the diagnosis of early stage degenerative disc disease have not been studied enough. There were examined 147 patients aged 18−27 years with clinical and neurological signs of degenerative disease of cervical and lumbar spinal discs. Ultrasonic semiotics showed changes within the pulpal nucleus as an increased echogenicity and displacement back towards the fibrous ring, fibrous ring thinning, which indicated the disc protrusion. In patients with pain in neck and lower back, fragmentary imaging of the fibrous ring and prolapse of the disc contents into the lumen of spinal canal, indicating the development of hernias was found. The presence of herniated discs of cervical and lumbar spine in all cases coincided with the results of magnetic resonance imaging, and protrusion did in 91,4 % of cases. Thus, among medical imaging the ultrasonography is the most accessible and informative method for diagnosing degenerative changes in intervertebral discs of cervical and lumbar spine.

Key words: degenerative disc disease, ultrasonography, cervical and lumbar intervertebral discs.
FEATURES OF PSYCHO-EMOTIONAL DISORDERS IN YOUNG PATIENTS SUFFERING FROM CHRONIC RADICULOPATHIES OF VERTEBROGENIC GENESIS
Authors: Kufterina Natalia Sergeevna
Published: September 2020

According to current notions, the development of neuropathic pain includes the mechanisms of peripheral and central sensitization, the emergence of a generator of pathologically enhanced excitation, pathological illogical system, on the basis of which a specific clinical form of pain is formed. The neuropathic nature of pain is observed in 30−40 % of the patients suffering from back pain. In order to study the psycho−emotional disorders in relation to the duration of chronic pain in young people suffering from the vertebrogenic lumbosacral radiculopathy, 97 people were examined. To estimate pain syndrome a visual−analog scale and DN4 questionnaire was used, for reactive and personal anxiety level we involved the Spielberger − Khanin test, the Beck's inventory was applied for the depression level, MFI−20 for objectification of asthenic manifestations was utilized. Complaints of the patients were divided into specific (nociceptive and neuropathic pain syndrome) and nonspecific. Non−specific complaints in the examined patients included disorders of the emotional sphere, which had the following structure: asthenic, anxiety, depressive and their combinations, as well as the presence of somatoform symptoms, which was confirmed by neuropsychological testing. In the analysis of the dependence of frequency and severity of emotional disorders on the duration of chronic pain, the patterns were found to increase the frequency of all emotional dysfunctions, reduce the severity of anxiety and increase depression with the same severity of asthenic ones. According to the results of this study, the following conclusions were made: the severity of anxiety disorders decreases with increasing duration of the disease, and the depressive disorders increase. The severity of asthenic syndrome did not differ significantly in this category of patients with any duration of chronic pain. Key words: chronic vertebrogenic lumbosacral radiculopathies, asthenic, anxious, depressive disorders, young patients.
POSSIBILITIES OF IMMUNOLOGY STUDIES IN ESTIMATION OF VALIDITY OF BURN WOUNDS FOR SKIN PLASTICITY
Authors: Kravtsov O. V. , Klimova O. M. , Drozdova L. A. , Kurbanov Teimur Ahaliievich , Hopko A. O.
Published: September 2020

Immunological features of burn disease largely reflect the state of general and local changes caused by the action of thermal factors. They are fundamental in formation of physiological repair of damaged tissue and disorders of the local immune system, lead to disruption of protective mechanisms with increased risk of occurrence and progression of local and systemic complications. It is the period of burn shock that is one of the main ones in the course and consequences of burn disease. In patients, the burn septicemia period even starting from the third day is characterized by severe immune changes, frequent generalization of inflammation and infection. Since one of the main tasks in treatment of patients with thermal trauma is the earliest possible recovery of lost skin, which consists in early surgical treatment (excision of necrotized tissues followed by simultaneous or delayed autodermoplasty), it is necessary to take into account metabolic disorders and changes in immune reactivity, affecting reparation of damaged tissues. To study the main immunological parameters in treatment of skin burn defects and their impact on the results of skin grafting, 17 patients with deep burns were examined. The main indices of metabolic status and immune reactivity in t surgical treatment of skin lesions, namely, innate immunity, humoral and cell components of immunity, metabolism (phagocytic activity of neutrophils, oxygen−dependent metabolism of neutrophils, concentration of peptides) differentiation clusters CD22 +, CD25 +, HLA−DR +) were examined. It is established that the corresponding changes in the indices can be the markers to predict the results of skin grafting. In this research it was found that with an unfavorable result of autodermoplasty in the patients with deep burns significant changes in immune reactivity and metabolic disorders were revealed. Altered immune reactivity due to increased circulating immune complexes and medium molecular weight peptides that provide opsonization and elimination of cytotoxic antigens in patients with deep burns may affect the results of skin grafting in surgical treatment of skin defects.

Key words: burns, immune reactivity, dermatoplasty, metabolic state, autological skin transplantation.
FEATURES OF HEMOSTASIS SYSTEM IN WOMEN WITH THROMBOPHILIA AS ONE OF CAUSAL FACTORS FOR UNSUCCESSFUL ATTEMPTS IN EXTRACORPOREAL FERTILIZATION
Authors: Viesich T. L. , Tarawneh D. Sh.
Published: September 2020

Excessive activation of blood coagulation, imbalance in coagulation potential, presence of endotheliopathies, local hemorrhages and microthrombi in the area of blastocyst invasion may be common in the mechanism of implantation losses in thrombophilia. One of the ways to optimize the results of extracorporeal fertilization is the prevention of thrombotic complications. Despite the achievements of modern morphology, some issues concerning the pathogenesis of infertility and habitual miscarriage remain poorly understood. To assess the system of hemostasis in women with thrombophilia as one of the causative factors of unsuccessful attempts in extracorporeal fertilization, a study of 63 patients was conducted, which included hormonal, genetic studies, HLA−typing, ultrasonography, hysterosalpingography, determination of infectious profile and was performed depending on clinical situation. The study of the hemostasis system included the determination of total coagulation potential, analysis of primary hemostasis, fibrinolytic system, the state of intravascular hemocoagulation and antiplasmin potential of blood. The state of intravascular hemocoagulation was assessed by the concentration in blood plasma of pathological hemocoagulants, i.e. soluble complexes of fibrin monomers and fibrinogen−fibrin degradation products. The results of the study showed that in women with a thrombophilia history and unsuccessful attempts in extracorporeal fertilization, there is a pathological activation of the hemostasis system, which plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of unsuccessful fertilization attempts. In thrombophilia, a subclinical form of chronic disseminated intravascular coagulation develops, the leading link in the development of which is the activation of platelet−vascular hemostasis with subsequent involvement into the process of coagulation potential due to a decrease in the anticoagulant blood system.

Key words: thrombophilia, hemostasis system, extracorporeal fertilization, infertility.
ANALYTICAL REVIEW OF FIRE SAFETY EQUIPMENT FOR OPERATIONS WITH LIQUEFIED COMBUSTIBLE GASES
Authors: Чугуев Анатолий Петрович , Мордвинова Анна Витальевна , Сычев Александр Николаевич , Федоринов Максим Викторович
Published: September 2020

Расширение производств сжиженных горючих газов и в значительном объеме сжиженного природного газа, направленное на обеспечение энергобезопасности страны, требует повышения уровня обеспечения пожарной безопасности производства и использования сжиженных горючих газов. В этой связи в целях совершенствования пожарной безопасности в работе проведен анализ данных новых научных исследований, отечественных и зарубежных стандартов по обеспечению безопасности при обращении с сжиженными горючими газами, способных содействовать решению задач предотвращения и ликвидации аварий с пожарами сжиженных горючих газов.

The expansion of production of liquefied combustible gases and especially of liquefied natural gas, aimed to ensuring the energy security of the country requires an increase in fire safety level of production and usage of liquefied combustible gases. In order to improve fire safety there is carried out the analysis of recent research findings, as well as national and international standards for liquefied combustible gases application. These findings can contribute prevention and elimination of accidents related with liquefied combustible gas fires.
Multiwavelength Variability of BL Lacertae Measured with High Time Resolution
Authors: Weaver Z. R. , Williamson K. E. , Jorstad S. G. , Marscher A. P. , Larionov V. M. , Raiteri C. M. , Villata M. , Acosta-Pulido J. A. , Bachev R. , Baida G. V , Balonek T. J. , Benítez E. , Borman G. A. , Bozhilov V. , Carnerero M. I. , Carosati D. , Chen W. P. , Damljanovic G. , Dhiman V. , Dougherty D. J. , Ehgamberdiev S. A. , Grishina T. S. , Gupta A. C. , Hart M. , Hiriart D. , Hsiao H. Y. , Ibryamov S. , Joner M. , Kimeridze G. N. , Kopatskaya E. N. , Kurtanidze O. M. , Kurtanidze S. O. , Larionova E. G. , Matsumoto K. , Matsumura R. , Minev M. , Mirzaqulov D. O. , Morozova D. A. , Nikiforova A. A. , Nikolashvili M. G. , Ovcharov E. , Rizzi N. , Sadun A. , Savchenko S. S. , Semkov E. , Slater J. J. , Smith K. L. , Stojanovic M. , Strigachev A. , Troitskaya Yu. V. , Troitsky I. S. , Tsai A. L. , Vince O. , Valcheva A. , Vasilyev A. A. , Zaharieva E. , Zhovtan A. V.
Published: September 2020

In an effort to locate the sites of emission at different frequencies and physical processes causing variability in blazar jets, we have obtained high time-resolution observations of BL Lacertae over a wide wavelength range: with the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) at 6000–10000 Å with 2 minute cadence; with the Neil Gehrels Swift satellite at optical, UV, and X-ray bands; with the Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope Array at hard X-ray bands; with the Fermi Large Area Telescope at γ-ray energies; and with the Whole Earth Blazar Telescope for measurement of the optical flux density and polarization. All light curves are correlated, with similar structure on timescales from hours to days. The shortest timescale of variability at optical frequencies observed with TESS is ∼0.5 hr. The most common timescale is 13 ± 1 hr, comparable with the minimum timescale of X-ray variability, 14.5 hr. The multiwavelength variability properties cannot be explained by a change solely in the Doppler factor of the emitting plasma. The polarization behavior implies that there are both ordered and turbulent components to the magnetic field in the jet. Correlation analysis indicates that the X-ray variations lag behind the γ-ray and optical light curves by up to ∼0.4 day. The timescales of variability, cross-frequency lags, and polarization properties can be explained by turbulent plasma that is energized by a shock in the jet and subsequently loses energy to synchrotron and inverse Compton radiation in a magnetic field of strength ∼3 G.
SCExAO/CHARIS High-contrast Imaging of Spirals and Darkening Features in the HD 34700 A Protoplanetary Disk
Authors: Uyama Taichi , Currie Thayne , Christiaens Valentin , Bae Jaehan , Muto Takayuki , Takahashi Sanemichi Z. , Tazaki Ryo , Ygouf Marie , Kasdin Jeremy N. , Groff Tyler , Brandt Timothy D. , Chilcote Jeffrey , Hayashi Masahiko , McElwain Michael W. , Guyon Olivier , Lozi Julien , Jovanovic Nemanja , Martinache Frantz , Kudo Tomoyuki , Tamura Motohide , Akiyama Eiji , Beichman Charles A. , Grady Carol A. , Knapp Gillian R. , Kwon Jungmi , Sitko Michael , Takami Michihiro , Wagner Kevin R. , Wisniewski John P. , Yang Yi
Published: September 2020

We present Subaru/SCExAO+Coronagraphic High Angular Resolution Imaging Spectrograph (CHARIS) broadband (JHK-band) integral field spectroscopy of HD 34700 A. CHARIS data recover HD 34700 A’s disk ring and confirm multiple spirals discovered by Monnier et al. We set limits on substellar companions of ∼12 M
Jup at 0.″3 (in the ring gap) and ∼5 M
Jup at 0.″75 (outside the ring). The data reveal darkening effects on the ring and spiral, although we do not identify the origin of each feature such as shadows or physical features related to the outer spirals. Geometric albedos converted from the surface brightness suggest a greater scale height and/or prominently abundant submicron dust at position angles between ∼45° and 90°. Spiral fitting resulted in very large pitch angles (∼30°–50°); a stellar flyby of HD 34700 B or infall from a possible envelope is perhaps a reasonable scenario to explain the large pitch angles.
Giant Planet Formation Models with a Self-consistent Treatment of the Heavy Elements
Authors: Valletta Claudio , Helled Ravit
Published: September 2020

We present a new numerical framework to model the formation and evolution of giant planets. The code is based on the further development of the stellar evolution toolkit Modules for Experiments in Stellar Astrophysics. The model includes the dissolution of the accreted planetesimals/pebbles, which are assumed to be made of water ice, in the planetary gaseous envelope, and the effect of envelope enrichment on the planetary growth and internal structure is computed self-consistently. We apply our simulations to Jupiter and investigate the impact of different heavy-element and gas accretion rates on its formation history. We show that the assumed runaway gas accretion rate significantly affects the planetary radius and luminosity. It is confirmed that heavy-element enrichment leads to shorter formation timescales due to more efficient gas accretion. We find that with heavy-element enrichment Jupiter’s formation timescale is compatible with typical disks’ lifetimes even when assuming a low heavy-element accretion rate (oligarchic regime). Finally, we provide an approximation for the heavy-element profile in the innermost part of the planet, providing a link between the internal structure and the planetary growth history.
Potential of using inert gas flows for controlling the quality of as-grown silicon single crystal
Authors: Kritskaya Tatyana V. , Zhuravlev Vladimir N. , Berdnikov Vladimir S.
Published: September 2020

We have improved the well-known Czochralski single crystal silicon growth method by using two argon gas flows. One flow is the main one (15–20 nl/min) and is directed from top to bottom along the growing single crystal. This flow entrains reaction products of melt and quartz crucible (mainly SiO), removes them from the growth chamber through a port in the bottom of the chamber and provides for the growth of dislocation-free single crystals from large weight charge. Similar processes are well known and have been generally used since the 1970s world over. The second additional gas flow (1.5–2 nl/min) is directed at a 45 arc deg angle to the melt surface in the form of jets emitted from circularly arranged nozzles. This second gas flow initiates the formation of a turbulent melt flow region which separates the crystallization front from oxygen-rich convective flows and accelerates carbon evaporation from the melt. It has been confirmed that oxygen evaporated from the melt (in the form of SiO) acts as transport agent for nonvolatile carbon. Commercial process implementation has shown that carbon content in as-grown single crystals can be reduced to below the carbon content in the charge. Single crystals grown with two argon gas flows have also proven to have highly macro- and micro-homogeneous oxygen distributions, with much greater lengths of single crystal portions in which the oxygen concentration is constant and below the preset limit. Carbon contents of 5–10 times lower than carbon content in the charge can be achieved with low argon gas consumption per one growth process (15–20 nl/min vs 50–80 nl/min for conventional processes). The use of an additional argon gas flow with a 10 times lower flowrate than that of the main flow does not distort the pattern of main (axial) flow circumvention around single crystal surface, does not hamper the “dislocation-free growth” of crystals and does not increase the density of microdefects. This suggests that the new method does not change temperature gradients and does not produce thermal shocks that may generate thermal stresses in single crystals.
Basic approaches to simulation of resist mask formation in computational lithography
Authors: Balan Nikita N. , Ivanov Vladidmir V. , Kuzovkov Alexey V. , Sokolova Evgenia V. , Shamin Evgeniy S.
Published: September 2020

Main currently used resist mask formation models and problems solved have been overviewed. Stages of "full physical simulation" have been briefly analyzed based on physicochemical principles for conventional diazonapthoquinone (DNQ) photoresists and chemically enhanced ones. We have considered the concepts of the main currently used compact models predicting resist mask contours for full-scale product topologies, i.e., VT5 (Variable Threshold 5) and CM1 (Compact Model 1). Computation examples have been provided for full and compact resist mask formation models. Full resist mask formation simulation has allowed us to optimize the lithographic stack for a new process. Optimal thickness ratios have been found for the binary anti-reflecting layers used in water immersion lithography. VT5 compact model calibration has allowed us to solve the problem of optimal calibration structure sampling for maximal coverage of optical image parameters space while employing the minimal number of structures. This problem has been solved using cluster analysis. Clustering has been implemented using the k-means method. The optimum sampling is 300 to 350 structures, the rms error being 1.4 nm which is slightly greater than the process noise for 100 nm structures. The use of SEM contours for VT5 model calibration allows us to reduce the rms error to 1.18 nm for 40 structures.
Heat capacity and thermodynamic functions of E-AlMgSi (Aldrey) aluminum conductor alloy doped with gallium
Authors: Ganiev Izatullo N. , Aliev Firdavs A. , Odinazoda Haydar O. , Safarov Ahror M. , Jayloev Jamshed H.
Published: September 2020

Aluminum is a metal having permanently broadening applications. Currently aluminum and its alloys successfully replace conventional metals and alloys in a number of application fields. The wide use of aluminum and its alloys is primarily stipulated by its advantageous properties e.g. low density, high corrosion resistance and electrical conductivity as well as the possibility of applying protective and decorative coatings. In combination with great abundance and relatively low cost which has been almost constant in recent years, this permanently broadens the application range of aluminum. The electrochemical industry is one of the promising application fields of aluminum. The E-AlMgSi type (Aldrey) conductor aluminum alloy has high strength and ductility. This alloy acquires high electrical conductivity upon appropriate heat treatment. Products made from it are used almost exclusively for overhead power lines. This work presents data on the temperature dependence of heat capacity, heat conductivity and thermodynamic functions of the E-AlMgSi (Aldrey) aluminum alloy doped with gallium. The studies have been carried out in "cooling" mode.

It has been shown that with an increase in temperature the heat capacity and thermodynamic functions of E-AlMgSi (Aldrey) alloy doped with gallium increase while the Gibbs energy decreases. Gallium doping to 1 wt.% reduces the heat capacity, enthalpy and entropy of the initial alloy and increases the Gibbs energy.
A new species of Elephantomyia crane fly (Diptera, Limoniidae) from Jeju Island, South Korea
Authors: Podenas Sigitas , Podeniene Virginija , Kim Tae-Woo , Kim A-Young , Park Sun-Jae , Aukštikalnienė Rasa
Published: September 2020

A new species of crane fly (Diptera, Limoniidae), Elephantomyia (Elephantomyia) hallasana Podenas & Podeniene, sp. nov., from Jeju Island, South Korea is described. Adult and larval characters are illustrated. Elephantomyia (E.) hallasanasp. nov. is the only species of the genus Elephantomyia Osten Sacken, 1860 recorded from Jeju Island, South Korea. Habitat, elevation range, and seasonality data are presented. Distributional notes on E. subterminalis Alexander, 1954 in the Far East of Russia (Khabarovskiy and Primorskiy regions) are discussed. An identification key for all Eastern Palaearctic species of subgenus E. (Elephantomyia) is presented.
Salomon inspiré et « poli » : La Pastorale sacrée de Charles Cotin
Authors: Bourgeois Christophe
Published: September 2020

L’image de Salomon « divinement inspiré », traditionnelle dans l’interprétation du Cantique des cantiques, oblige à s’interroger sur les liens entre les usages poétique et théologique du mot inspiration . Dans ce cadre, la paraphrase en vers et les discours de La Pastorale sacrée de Charles Cotin permettent d’observer une évolution significative : en repensant l’articulation du sens littéral et du sens spirituel de la Bible, la démarche de Cotin transforme aussi la représentation du poète inspiré.
Inégalités intragénérationnelles au moment de l’entrée dans l’âge adulte. Apports des sciences sociales
Authors: Amsellem-Mainguy Yaëlle
Published: September 2020

L’objectif de cette contribution est de rendre compte de l’apport des sciences sociales pour comprendre les inégalités intragénérationnelles dans l’entrée dans l’âge adulte et les enjeux qui s’imposent à cette génération. Elle met en évidence combien, entre 18 et 30 ans, les jeunes vivant en France connaissent une période d’entre-deux : aspiration à l’autonomie dans une situation de dépendance économique forte (en raison d’un allongement des études pour une partie d’entre eux), entrée dans des situations d’emploi qui ne leur permettent pas toujours de financer leur indépendance et aides sociales plutôt faibles.
Donner aux jeunes vulnérables du temps au présent pour miser sur l’avenir
Authors: James Samuel , Kerivel Aude , de la Broüe de Vareilles Cécile , Gautrais Hannah
Published: September 2020

Jeunes détenus, neet ( Not in Education, Employment or Training , ni étudiant, ni employé, ni stagiaire), jeunes sortant de l’Aide sociale à l’enfance, jeunes sans domicile fixe : des catégories de populations que les politiques publiques peinent à atteindre. Depuis 2009, le Fonds d’expérimentation pour la jeunesse ( fej ) accompagne des projets destinés à combler les manques des dispositifs de droit commun. Cet article s’articule autour des enseignements d’évaluations de quatre de ces projets. L’enjeu est de déterminer et d’analyser les facteurs de réussite de ces dispositifs : un travail inductif de construction des politiques publiques à partir des connaissances de terrain et des besoins des jeunes, des dispositifs centrés sur l’emploi ou l’allocation financière et qui ne négligent pas la nécessité de lever les potentiels freins administratifs, de santé et d’isolement. L’entrée dans un dispositif qui s’adapte à leurs besoins, et qui leur permet surtout de prendre le temps nécessaire, à un moment propice de leur trajectoire, semble être un levier permettant à ces jeunes que nous pouvons regrouper sous le vocable « vulnérables » de « s’en sortir ».
Predicting of Myopia Progression in School Children
Authors: Mäntyjärvi Maija I
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACT

Myopia in 214 school children has been followed from one to nine years. The children have been divided in groups according to the age of onset of myopia and the amount of final myopia at the age of 15 or 16 has been recorded. If myopia started before puberty (at the age of 10 or younger) 70% of the children ended up with myopia of - 3.0 to - 5.75 D, only 12.5% remained under - 3.0 D, and 17.5% had myopia - 6.0 D or more. If myopia began at the ages of 11-15, 66.7% remained under -3.0D, 32.2% reached -3.0 to -5.75 D, and only 1.1% of the children had myopia of - 6.0 D or more. Of all the 214 children, 95.8% had myopia less than - 6.0 D at the age of 15-16 years.

However, the individual variation is very wide, and it is difficult to predict the final amount of myopia in school years in an individual case.
Biomechanical Stability of Three Intraocular Lenses With Different Haptic Designs: In Silico and In Vivo Evaluation
Authors: Remón Laura , Cabeza-Gil Iulen , Calvo Begoña , Poyales Francisco , Garzón Nuria
Published: September 2020

PURPOSE:

To assess the biomechanical stability of three different marketed intraocular lenses (IOLs) with different haptic designs (four-loop IOL [Micro F FineVision model] and double C-loop IOL [POD F and POD FT models], all manufactured by PhysIOL), in silico (computer simulation) and in vivo (in the context of lens surgery).

METHODS:

An in silico simulation investigation was performed using finite element modeling (FEM) software to reproduce the compression test defined by the International Organization for Standardization and in vivo implantation in patients in the context of lens surgery was evaluated 1 day and 3 months postoperatively. IOL decentration and rotation were tested. In addition, the stress and strains were analyzed with the finite element method.

RESULTS:

In the in silico evaluation, the compression force for the POD F IOL was slightly lower than for the POD FT IOL and Micro F IOL for all compression diameters. The axial displacement was maximum for the POD FT IOL and the tilt, rotation, and lateral decentration were substantially lower than the acceptable tolerance limits established in ISO 11979-2. In the in vivo evaluation, a total of 45 eyes from 45 patients were selected, 15 eyes for each IOL model under assessment. Statistically significant differences were found between the Micro F and POD F IOLs for lateral decentration in x-direction (in absolute value) at 3 months postoperatively (P= .03).

CONCLUSIONS:

Although statistically significant differences have been found when comparing the displacement, tilt, and rotation between the different lenses, these differences cannot be considered clinically relevant, which would suggest that all three IOL models yield excellent stability in those terms. FEM appears to be a powerful tool for numerical studies of the biomechanical properties of IOLs.

[J Refract Surg. 2020;36(9):617–624.]
Total Depth of Focus of Five Premium Multifocal Intraocular Lenses
Authors: Zapata-Díaz Juan F. , Rodríguez-Izquierdo Miguel A. , Ould-Amer Nassima , Lajara-Blesa Jerónimo , López-Gil Norberto
Published: September 2020

PURPOSE:

To compare the in vitro optical performance of five premium multifocal intraocular lenses (IOLs), including a single-valued metric that shows the total range of distances where a multifocal IOL generates an acceptable image quality.

METHODS:

Through-focus modulation transfer function (MTF) and the image of a United States Air Force target were obtained for a 3-mm pupil and a wavelength of 546 nm in five multifocal IOLs (Tecnis Symfony [Johnson & Johnson], FineVision Micro F [PhysIOL], Acrysof IQ PanOptix [Novartis], and Artis Symbiose Mid and Plus [Cristalens Industrie] multifocal IOLs). Total depth of focus (TDOF) is computed by adding the vergence intervals where the through-focus MTF at 50 cycles/mm is 0.15 or greater.

RESULTS:

Due to their different optical designs (bifocal, trifocal, or extended depth of focus), energy is distributed differently between far, intermediate, and near focus for each multifocal IOL. The light distribution of the Symbiose Mid and Plus multifocal IOLs was similar, concentrating the energy into far focus and the intermediate into near focus, but extending the intermediate focus more (Plus) or less (Mid) toward the near focus. TDOFs were: 1.58 diopters [D] (FineVision); 1.71 D (Tecnis Symfony); 1.73 D (Artis Symbiose Plus); 1.74 D (Artis Symbiose Mid); and 1.90 D (Acrysof IQ PanOptix).

CONCLUSIONS:

TDOFs were similar between multifocal IOLs with a maximum difference of 0.32 D and mean value of 1.73 D. The combination of the Symbiose Mid and Plus IOLs can theoretically provide a TDOF of 2.90 D in case one is implanted in one eye and the other in the fellow eye.

[
J Refract Surg
. 2020;36(9):578–584.]
The Influence of Soaking Time on Photocatalytic Performance of g-C3N4 under Visible Light Irradiation
Authors: Narkbuakaew Tanaporn , Sujaridworakun Pornapa
Published: September 2020

In this research, visible-light responsive g-C3N4, photocatalyst was achieved through the simple calcination of urea at 600 °C by using the muffle furnace. The effects of calcination soaking time on preparation of high performance g-C3N4 were studied at 1, 2, 3, and 4 h. The g-C3N4 prepared at various soaking times were characterized by the X-ray diffraction (XRD) for crystallographic information and the Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) for chemical composition analysis. Further, in the case of morphology and surface area of prepared photocatalysts, the Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) and Brunauer, Emmett and Teller (BET) were applied. The results demonstrated that g-C3N4 with tri-s-triazine based units could be synthesized by calcination of urea at 600 °C and soaking for 1-4 h, as evidently confirmed by XRD and FTIR. For photocatalytic performance in rhodamine B dye degradation under visible light irradiation of achieved g-C3N4 tended to increase as soaking time increased. Moreover, the dye adsorption ability of prepared photocatalysts was obviously developed upon increase of soaking times. Herein, the highest photocatalytic performance was obtained from sample which was soaked at 4 h.
Push-Out Test of Steel-Concrete-Steel Composite Section for Pre-Installation and Post-Installation Techniques of Shear Connectors
Authors: Hanoon Ammar N. , Abdulhameed Ali , Kharnoob Majid M. , Abdulhameed Haider A.
Published: September 2020

Composite steel-concrete sections have a broad benefit through increasing structural strength as well as minimizing the self-loads. All past researches were concerned with pre-installed shear connectors (PRSC) in the manufacturing of composite sections. A new fabrication technique for steel-concrete-steel composite sections were presented in the current study by the post-installation shear connectors (POSC) passed-through an embedded polymerizing vinyl chloride (PVC) pipes. The performance of normal strength concrete prisms with a specified strength of 32 MPa connected to square steel tubes (SST) was investigated. Six specimens were fabricated in both methodologies, PRSC and POSC were experimentally tested by Push-out test. The spacing of the shear connectors was changed for every two specimens fabricated in two different ways in order to obtain a full behavioral view. However, POSC does not have full-bond to concrete prisms, the test revealed a comparable strength of POSC specimens. The test shows a slight increase in the ultimate strength of PRSC specimens by (12.11, 11.19, and 9.45) % than POSC specimens for 100mm, 150mm, and 200mm spaced shear connectors.
The Effect of pH Values on Color Development of Silver Colloids
Authors: Moonrat Chanikan , Kittinaovarut Siriwan , Jinawath Supatra , Sujaridworakun Pornapa
Published: September 2020

This study aimed to investigate the effect of pH value raging from pH 4 - 8 on color development of silver colloids. Silver colloids with different colors were synthesized by chemical reduction method using NaBH4 as a reducing agent and then adjusted pH value by adding dropwise of acetic acid. These silver colloids were characterized by Transmission Electron Microscopy and UV-Vis spectrophotometer. The results showed that the colors of silver colloids ranging from blue to yellow depended on amount of NaBH4 added. Due to Localized Surface Plasmon Resonance (LSPR) properties, different shapes and sizes of silver nanoparticles resulting in different colors. It was found that the pH value also affected color development of silver colloids. By adjusting the pH value, the colors of silver colloids changed to different colors or shades, which were clarified by the changes in the center as well as intensity of the absorption spectra. Moreover, the silver colloid in an acidic condition led to aggregation of nanoparticles.
Novel Inhibitors for Corrosion Protection of Galvanized Steel
Authors: Kurutos Atanas , Boshkova Neli , Tabakova Nadezhda , Smrichkova Sonya , Boshkov Nikolai
Published: September 2020

Nitrogen-containing heterocyclic dicationic compounds with antioxidant properties have been synthesized and characterized by NMR spectroscopy. Their corrosion inhibiting behavior for zinc and steel protection have been studied by electrochemical polarization methods to assess the potential suitability of those compounds in hybrid galvanic zinc protective coatings. The individual assessment for corrosion inhibiting activity will facilitate the shortlisting of eligible candidates, help to avoid potential incompatibilities of ingredients, and reduce times in the process of designing hybrid coatings for corrosion protection. This study has found that the compounds have significant corrosion protecting effect on steel and zinc and those molecules were shortlisted for our future studies on galvanic hybrid coating of steel.
Effect of Co-Solvents on Physicochemical Properties and Stability of Areca Nut Extract Loaded Nanoemulsions
Authors: Iemsam-Arng Jayanant , Jangkena Saowaluk , Suktham Kunat , Wongwanakul Ratjika , Unger Onuma , Thepwatee Sukanya
Published: September 2020

Areca nut extract provides a variety of pharmacological effects that are beneficial for skincare applications. A nanoemulsion of areca nut extract was developed to mask the intense color and to improve the water solubility of the extract. This work studied the impact of a co-solvent on the characteristics and stability of the nanoemulsion. Our former optimized nanoemulsion was modified by adding a common co-solvent, propylene glycol or polyethylene glycol 400 (PEG400), to the formula. Phase separation, particle characteristics, antioxidant activity, in vitro cytotoxicity, and stability of the modified nanoemulsion were evaluated. This work has shown the successful encapsulation of areca nut extract with a great improvement of stability, well-maintained antioxidant activity and low toxicity on normal human skin fibroblast.
Slake Durability Index of the Stone Aggregate Used in the Morelia Michoacán Region
Authors: Navarrete Seras Marco Antonio , Domínguez Mota Francisco Javier , Alonso-Guzmán Elia Mercedes , Martínez-Molina Wilfrido , Chavez-Garcia Hugo Luis , Tinoco Ruiz José Gerardo , Guzmán Torres José Alberto , Arreygue Rocha José Eleazar
Published: September 2020

The study of durability is very important because buildings are expected to last; since durability is attributed to the materials used in construction, the study of such materials is required. Among them, stones play a fundamental role as part of the structures, as well as stone aggregates in the elaboration of asphalt blends and concrete blends. Bearing this facts in mind, quarry stones of volcanic and crushed materials were studied in the mexican state of Michoacán.In this work, the Id2, density, and absorption data were correlated to obtain a mathematical model that helps predict Id2 and verify the relationship between the variables. On the other hand, logistic regression was used to classify rock quarries according to their durability index.
Prediction of the Tensile Strength and Electrical Resistivity of Concrete with Organic Polymer and their Influence on Carbonation Using Data Science and a Machine Learning Technique
Authors: Guzmán Torres José Alberto , Domínguez Mota Francisco Javier , Alonso-Guzmán Elia Mercedes , Martínez-Molina Wilfrido , Tinoco Ruiz José Gerardo , Chavez-Garcia Hugo Luis , Navarrete Seras Marco Antonio , Arreola Sánchez Mauricio
Published: September 2020

The inclusion of additions to concrete blends helps to improve performance in certain conditions. The analysis of two concrete blends was performed, a blend with the addition of a natural organic polymer and a control blend to make predictive models and find a correlation. Tree tests were performed: Electrical resistivity (Er) test, Tensile strength (Ft) and Carbonation resistance. One of the most popular non-destructive tests on concrete is , due to the simplicity of measuring readings on concrete elements. It is a non-destructive test that determines the interconnectivity that exists in the concrete cementitious matrix by determining the quality of the concrete. The blend with the addition showed improved performance in all the tests. Data science techniques were used to generate artificial data, the Machine Learning technique (ML) is based on Tree regression (Tr) with satisfactory accuracy to assess the reliability.
Athletic Trainers' Competence, Education, and Perceptions Regarding Transgender Student-Athlete Patient Care
Authors: Walen Daniel R. , Nye Emma A. , Rogers Sean M. , Crossway Ashley K. , Winkelmann Zachary K. , Walker Stacy E. , Eberman Lindsey E.
Published: September 2020

Context

Transgender student-athletes are increasingly participating in sport, requiring athletic trainer (AT) preparedness to care for their needs.

Objective

To measure ATs' (1) perceived definition of transgender, (2) comfort and competence working with transgender student-athletes, (3) sources of education, (4) perceived legal concerns, and (5) perception of competitive advantage.

Design

Cross-sectional study.

Setting

Mixed-methods survey.

Patients or Other Participants

Collegiate or university ATs (n = 5537) received an email invitation to participate; the data of 667 ATs were included in the analysis.

Main Outcome Measure(s)

A multipart 43-item questionnaire addressing the primary objectives of the study, with other factors that were explored in relation to these objectives to uncover potential influences on their responses. We calculated descriptive statistics, and for open-ended responses, we used the consensual qualitative research tradition.

Results

About half (48.1%, n = 321) of the participants agreed they were competent in treating transgender patients, but only 36.0% (n = 240) believed they were competent in practicing collaboratively with an endocrinologist in the drug-screening processes. Fewer than half (45.6%, n = 304) of participants felt they were competent in using appropriate terminology relating to transgender patients. The ATs disagreed when asked if they were competent regarding counseling transgender patients about the effects of hormone replacement therapy on sport participation (48.1%, n = 321) or on mental health concerns (40.3%, n = 269). Participants learned most frequently from media outlets (35.2%, n = 235) or personal experiences with family, friends, or themselves (33.7%, n = 225), yet 35.1% (n = 243) received no education in caring for transgender patients. Many ATs (41.2%, n = 278) believed that transgender female student-athletes had a competitive advantage. In contrast, 6.6% (n = 44) of participants indicated that transgender male student-athletes had a competitive advantage.

Conclusions

Although collegiate ATs generally felt competent in treating transgender patients, they did not feel capable of addressing specific aspects of transgender patients' health care needs. Regardless of the resulting perceived unfair advantage, ATs must be aware of the regulations and therapeutic effects associated with hormone-related therapy for transgender student-athletes.
Grade 3 metastatic neuroendocrine neoplasms of two unusual primary sites with contrasting differentiation characteristics: Dual tracer positron emission tomography and computed tomography imaging (18F-fluorodeoxyglucose and 68Ga-DOTATATE) correlates and their treatment implications
Authors: Loharkar Sarvesh , Basu Sandip
Published: September 2020

The correlates of dual tracer positron emission tomography and computed tomography (PET-CT) (18F-fluorodeoxyglucose [18F-FDG] and 68Ga-DOTATATE) in patients of Grade 3 neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) are presented. The first, a patient of gall bladder NEN, operated, with histopathology suggestive of high-grade well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumors with MiB-1 labeling index of 35%, showed uptake with both 18F-FDG and 68Ga-DOTATATE, including an uptake equivalent to Krenning score of 3–4 on 68Ga-DOTATATE PET-CT; in the second, a patient of esophageal NEN, Grade 3 with poor differentiation features, with MiB-1 labeling index of 70%, thereby qualifying for Grade 3 neuroendocrine carcinoma, the FDG uptake was high with minimal uptake on 68Ga-DOTATATE PET-CT. The illustrations reiterate the impression that relative uptake of 68Ga-DOTATATE/FDG in the NEN lesions forms a valuable parameter for assessing the dynamic tumor biology in continuum and thus personalizing the treatment strategies.
Retention of Helping Babies Breathe Training among Midwives and Nurses at Four Rwandan Health Centers
Authors: Kankindi Felicite , Muhayimana Alice , Mujawimana Patricie , Dusabe Ruth , Nsengiyumva Richard , Mukeshimana Madeleine
Published: September 2020

Background

Worldwide, neonatal mortality remains a significant burden. One substantial cause of mortality is asphyxia, where neonates fail to breathe on their own at birth and need some form of assistance to initiate or maintain breathing. The Helping Babies Breathe (HBB) training program has proven to be helpful in the reduction of asphyxia-related neonatal mortality in developing countries.

Objective

To assess the HBB knowledge and skills retention at two-days and six-weeks post HBB training among midwives and nurses working in selected health centers in Kigali, Rwanda.

Methods

A quasi-experimental design with a pre-test, post-test, and intervention using HBB (2nd Edition) program was used. Sixty midwives and nurses were purposively selected from the four study sites. Knowledge and skills retention of HBB was evaluated at two-days and six-weeks post-training.

 Results

The majority of participants were nurses (90%), females (70%), and had advanced diploma (63%). Knowledge overall mean scores improved from pre-test (8.75) to post-test (16.90). Skills mean scores slightly dropped from 21.77 at day two to 19.73).

 Conclusion

Our results indicated that there was retention of knowledge and skills among the midwives and nurses at day two and six-weeks post HBB training. Refresher training programs are needed to keep providers skilled for resuscitation in order to lower neonatal mortality in Rwanda.

Rwanda J Med Health Sci 2020;3(2):250-260
Labour outcomes with defibulation at delivery in immigrant Somali and Sudanese women with type III female genital mutilation/cutting
Authors: Rouzi Abdulrahim A. , Berg Rigmor C , Al-Wassia Heidi , Alamoudi Rana , Hariri Wajeh , Sindi Ghazi , Almansouri Nisma , Sahly Nora
Published: September 2020

INTRODUCTION
There is a scarcity of studies on labour outcomes with defibulation. This study assessed the outcomes of labour with defibulation at delivery in women with type III female genital mutilation/cutting (FGM/C) compared to labour without defibulation.

METHODS
We identified and reviewed the records of all Somali and Sudanese women who delivered at King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, between January 2012 and December 2016. Labour outcomes of women with type III FGM/C who delivered vaginally with defibulation at delivery were compared to the outcomes of women without type III FGM/C who delivered vaginally without defibulation. Data extracted from the records included demographics, registration status, and labour outcomes.

RESULTS
During the study period, 1086 Somali and Sudanese women delivered at our institution, with 42% delivering by caesarean section. Among the 631 women with vaginal delivery, 27% had type III FGM/C and delivered with defibulation while 73% did not have type III FGM/C and delivered without defibulation. Demographic and clinical factors were similar between the two groups who delivered vaginally. The outcomes of labour with defibulation at delivery in women with type III FGM/C were not different from women without defibulation, except in regards to instrumental delivery and maternal blood loss. There were also no statistically significant differences between the two groups in neonatal outcomes.

CONCLUSIONS
Defibulation at delivery is an effective minor surgical procedure that should be in the armamentarium of the healthcare providers managing women with type III FGM/C.