bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
TRFLP analysis for revealing the diversity of rice phyllosphere bacteria
Authors: WIRASWATI SRI MARTINA , WAHYUDI ARIS TRI , RUSMANA IMAN , NAWANGSIH ABDJAD ASIH
Published: October 2018

Wiraswati SM, Wahyudi AT, Rusmana I, Nawangsih AA. 2018. TRFLP analysis for revealing the diversity of rice phyllosphere bacteria. Biodiversitas 19: 1743-1749. Phyllosphere environment of rice plant is usually inhabited by diverse bacteria which mostly contribute beneficial effects to the plant fitness. TRFLP method is a rapid and straightforward method to determine the bacterial diversity of many environments, including rice phyllosphere environment. This study aimed to analyze rice phyllosphere bacterial diversity of healthy rice plant cultivar Ciherang obtained from Sukabumi, Jasinga, and Situgede. The bacterial genomes were amplified and digested with two restriction enzymes, i.e., MspI and BstUI. The bacterial diversity (H’ index) and evenness (E index) were calculated from the peak value. From TRFs analysis, Betaproteobacteria and Pseudomonadales were dominantly found in nearly all samples with different relative abundance. In addition, Alphaproteobacteria and Gammaproteobacteria were also dominant in the several samples. The unique bacteria groups were inhabited in the sample from specific regions with certain growth phase. This finding informs us that the geographical factors might be more influent than the growth phase factor. Furthermore, the bacterial diversity and evenness of the metagenomic approach are higher than cultivation-dependent approach.
Short Communication: Biological aspects of Charybdis anisodon (De Haan, 1850) in Lasongko Bay, Central Buton, Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia
Authors: HAMID ABDUL , WARDIATNO YUSLI
Published: October 2018

Hamid A, Wardiatno Y. 2018. Short Communication: Biological aspects of Charybdis anisodon (De Haan, 1850) in Lasongko Bay, Central Buton, Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 19: 1755-1762. Data on the biological aspects of Charybdis anisodon (De Haan, 1850) were still very limited. This study was aimed to determine the distribution of size, growth type, sex ratio and spawning season of C. anisodon in Lasongko Bay, Central Buton, Southeast Sulawesi. Crab collection was conducted from May 2013 to March 2014 using a crab gillnet. The carapace width of males and females C. anisodon ranged between 3.05-7.61 cm and 3.45-7.98 cm, respectively. Mann-Whitney test showed that width and length of carapace of males and females were significantly different (p<0.05). Type of growth of carapace width-body weight male and female were both allometric negative. Carapace length-body weight relationships of the males was isometric, but it was allometric negative for females. Spatially and temporally, the sex ratio of C. anisodon showed a variation, and the total sex ratio was 1: 0.38. The spawning season of C. anisodon tend to occur throughout the year.
Short Communication: Categorization models as a powerful tool in paleontological data analyses – the Phanerozoic bivalves
Authors: ABDELHADY AHMED AWAD , ABDALLA MOHAMMED MASOUD
Published: October 2018

Abdelhady AA, Abdalla MM. 2018. Short Communication: Categorization models as a powerful tool in paleontological data analyses – the Phanerozoic bivalves. Biodiversitas 19: 1769-1776. Predicting biotic responses to current and future global change can be acquired through understanding how biological and environmental traits shaped the past origination, dispersion and extinction patterns. A global dataset encompasses 161,357 taxon occurrences belonging to 2,378 bivalve genera from past and recent environments were analyzed based on the categorization model, a widely-used machine-learning analysis, using MS-SQL and Excel PowerView. The occurrence data was standardized using square-root transformation to downplay the effect of sampling effort. Thus, the examined traits are resulting from reliable ecological interactions. The results indicate that the biotic traits of the bivalve can be determined by the abiotic ones. Moreover, ecological traits such as life habit (i.e., infaunal vs. epifaunal), diet (suspension vs. deposit feeders, herbivores vs. carnivores), composition (aragonite vs. calcite), and locomotion (stationary vs. mobile) all exhibit significant relation to a specific environment. The results demonstrated that decision tree and association rules are primary powerful tools in analyzing huge biological data and in testing many useful bio-ecological hypotheses.
Short Communication: Genetic diversity of Salacca edulis from West Seram District, Maluku, Indonesia based on morphological characters and RAPD profiles
Authors: ELLY SOVIAN SESCA , WATUGULY THEOPILUS W. , RUMAHLATU DOMINGGUS
Published: October 2018

Elly SS, Watuguly TW, Rumahlatu D. 2018. Short Communication: Genetic diversity of Salacca edulis from West Seram District, Maluku, Indonesia based on morphological characters and RAPD profiles. Biodiversitas 19: 1777-1782. Morphological and RAPD-based genetic diversity analyses of Salacca edulis Reinw populations from West Seram District were performed. A survey was conducted in four locations in the village of Riring, Rumahsoal, Taniwel, Neniari, and Soya. Forty-two morphological characters and three RAPD primer were used. Data were analyzed on the NTSys program version 2.0 to perform UPGMA clustering analysis. An UPGMA dendrogram based on morphological characters resulted in two main groups with similarity value varied from 0.46-0.75 for morphology and 0.35-0.89 for RAPD. The result gives us important about cultivar of Salacca edulis in West Seram District Maluku which has high genetic diversity and germplasm. These results and can be used for further research for conservation as native cultivar.
Genetic diversity of Amorphophallus titanum in Bengkulu, Indonesia based on RAPD markers
Authors: ARIANTO WAHYUDI , ZUHUD ERVIZAL A.M. , HIKMAT AGUS , SUNARMINTO TUTUT , SIREGAR ISKANDAR Z.
Published: October 2018

Arianto W, Zuhud EAM, Hikmat A, Sunarminto T, Siregar IZ. 2018. Genetic diversity of Amorphophallus titanum in Bengkulu, Indonesia based on RAPD markers. Biodiversitas 19: 1783-1790. Titan Arum [Amorphophallus titanum (Becc.) Becc. Ex Arcang], a plant species belonging to the family of Araceae is known for its gigantic floral size and elicited rotten fragrance when the flower bloom. Since it remains only found in Sumatran island, many authors categorized the plant as endemic species. The population of the species in the natural habitat has significantly declined because of the conversion of forest land mainly into plantations or other land uses. Considering the importance of conservation attempts to A. titanum, a sufficient data on genetic diversity of the species is necessary. The research was aimed to determine the genetic diversity within and among populations of A. titanum in some area of protected forests in Bengkulu Province, comprising the population of Palak Siring, Tebat Monok, and Air Selimang. RAPD genetic DNA fingerprinting approach was used to assess the genetic diversity of A. titanum using 13 preselected DNA primer: OPA 11, OPA 19, OPC 04, OPN 14, OPN 19, OPU 03, OPU 06, OPU 07, OPB 17, OPC 07, OPO 04, OPU03-1, OPNI 18E. The result revealed that the method has successfully produced several DNA fragments with varied length ranging from 250 bp to 2000 bp with 4-16 variation in polymorphic bands. Based on RAPD marker analysis, the population of Air Selimang was considered as a potential center of diversity of A. titanum because of the others two populations had a lower genetic diversity. In general, the genetic diversity among populations was lower than within population. The cluster analysis of the genetic similarity of 22 individuals of the three populations resulted in the separation into two main groups with the first group consisting of 17 individuals (Population Air Selimang and Tebat Monok) and the second group of 5 individuals (Palak Siring population).
Diversity of ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) on teak forest in Malang District, East Java, Indonesia
Authors: SETIAWAN YOGO , RACHMAWATI RINA , TARNO HAGUS
Published: October 2018

Setiawan Y, Rachmawati R, Tarno H. 2018. Diversity of ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) on teak forest in Malang District, East Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 19: 1791-1797. Ambrosia beetle plays an important role in the temperate forest. Ambrosia beetle lives symbiotically with microorganism such as fungi, bacterium, and yeast that can cause plant wilt and death. In Java, ambrosia beetle has been reported to attack teak plantations in some regions. This research aimed to investigate the diversity of ambrosia beetles in the teak plant on monoculture and polyculture system in Malang District. This research was conducted in the teak forest in Dampit and Sumbermanjing Wetan, Malang District from March to May 2017. Ambrosia beetles were trapped by using baited bottle trap with 95% ethanol. The diversity of ambrosia beetles trapped was analyzed using Vegan package in R program to calculate the Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H), Species Evenness index (E), and Simpson's dominance index (D). The results showed that ambrosia beetles trapped in monoculture and polyculture teak plants system consist of nine species, i.e., Xylosandrus crassiusculus, X. morigerus, X. compactus, Xyleborus perforans, Euwallacea simillis, Xyleborinus andrewesi, Premnobius cavipennis, Coccotrypes distinctus, and Hypothenemus hampei. The Shannon Wiener index of Ambrosia beetles in polyculture (H=1.40) was higher than in monoculture (H=1.30), and both locations were categorized in the medium diversity category. The Species Evenness index of ambrosia beetles in polyculture (E=0.67) and monoculture (E=0.66) were also categorized in medium category. The Simpson’s dominance index in both locations was categorized in the middle dominance species. X. crassiusculus was the dominant species in polyculture and monoculture teak plant system.
Morphological, anatomical and isozyme variability among taro (Colocasia esculenta) accessions from southeastern part of Central Java, Indonesia
Authors: PITOYO ARI , PRAMETA ANGELIA ARUM , MARSUSI MARSUSI , SURATMAN SURATMAN , SURANTO SURANTO
Published: October 2018

Pitoyo A, Prameta AA, Marsusi, Suratman, Suranto. 2018. Morphological, anatomical and isozyme variability among taro (Colocasia esculenta) accessions from southeastern part of Central Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 19: 1811-1819. The objective of this study was to evaluate morphological, anatomical and isozyme variability among taro accessions from southeastern part of Central Java (Indonesia). A total of 20 taro accessions were collected from a wide range of sites during field surveys. Morphological characters measurements were taken on vegetative structures such as roots, stems, leaves, and corms. Anatomical characters were observed from both paradermal and transverse sections of leaf. Identification of biochemical markers was done by using peroxidase and esterase isozyme system. A UPGMA dendrogram among accessions was constructed based on the genetic similarity matrix by applying a cluster analysis using a computer programme, NTSYS Version 2.00. The analysis of variance for morphological and anatomical characters revealed that there was significant difference for majority of the tested traits indicating that there was a variability among the taro accessions. Polymorphism was observed using isozymes of esterase (12 banding pattern) and peroxidase (8 banding pattern). Based on the dendrogram at a level of 62 % similarity, taro accessions were segregated into two major clusters. In Cluster I, the closest relationship was shown between SKH and SKA accessions that had 96 % coefficient of similarity. The ten accessions from Klaten, Sragen, and Karanganyar were then clustered separately as Cluster II with coefficient of similarity 73.52 %.
The diversity of Nepenthes at the post-mining area in Sintang District, West Kalimantan, Indonesia
Authors: SETIAWAN HENDRA , WARDHANI HILDA AQUA KUSUMA , KAMALUDIN KAMALUDIN , HUTAGAOL RIA ROSDIANA , AFRIANI RACHMI
Published: October 2018

Setiawan H, Wardhani HAK, Kamaludin, Hutagaol RR, Afriani R. 2018. The diversity of Nepenthes at the post-mining area in Sintang District, West Kalimantan, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 19: 1820-1827. Nepenthe is a tropical pitcher plant found in Indonesian archipelago and lives in nutrient leak habitat. One of Nepenthes nutrient leak habitat commonly found in Kalimantan Island is the post-mining area. This research aimed to know the habitat condition, species composition, species richness and diversity index of Nepenthes in Post-mining area in Sintang District, West Kalimantan Province. Thirty plots, each measuring 5 x 5-meter square, were established to survey the Nepenthes diversity in five locations of the post-mining area in Sintang District. There were 910 individuals of Nepenthes found spreading in two sub-Districts and five areas. Habitat condition in the post-mining area tended to be high in light intensity and temperature but low in humidity. Five Nepenthes species were found, namely N. ampullaria, N. bicalcarata, N. gracilis, N. mirabilis, and N. rafflesiana. Four natural hybrids were also found including N. xhookeriana, N. xkuchingensis, N. xneglecta, and N. xtrichocarpa. The species richness in post-mining area were 1.25 in Danau BTN (Bank Tabungan Negara/State Savings Bank) 0.95 in Dusun Kerangas, 0.58 in Sungai Ana Village, 0.21 in Jerora 1 and 0.20 in Danau Baning. The diversity index in Danau BTN, Dusun Kerangas, Sungai Ana, Jerora 1 and Danau Banning area were of low levels, respectively, 1.66, 1.3, 1.0, 0.64, and 0.68. Cluster analysis of species richness, diversity index, and abiotic factors showed that Danau Baning-Sungai Ana-Jerora 1 was grouped in the same cluster while Danau BTN and Dusun Kerangas were in a separate cluster.
Isolation, molecular characterization and extracellular enzymatic activity of culturable halophilic bacteria from hypersaline natural habitats
Authors: BIN-SALMAN SUZAN AHMED , AMASHA REDA HASSAN , JASTANIAH SAMYAH D. , ALY MAGEDA M. , ALTAIF KHALIL
Published: October 2018

Bin-Salman SA, Amasha RH, Jastaniah SD, Aly MM, Altaif K. 2018. Isolation, molecular characterization and extracellular enzymatic activity of culturable halophilic bacteria from hypersaline natural habitats. Biodiversitas 19: 1828-1834. Saline habitats, like the Dead Sea, are unusual extreme environments, due to their extreme salinity. Most saline habitats originate from the evaporation of seawater, and have a nearly neutral to slightly alkaline pH (such as the Red Sea (pH8.3) and Arabian Gulf, pH8.3). Ten halophilic bacterial strains (two Gram-negative) belonging to the family of Halomonadaceae and (eight Gram-positive), belonging to the family of Bacillaceae, were isolated from the Red Sea, Arabian Gulf, and Dead Sea by subjecting the isolates to a high salinity medium, followed by identification using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Four of isolates were designated on the basis of their tolerance to high salinity; SBR1 exhibited 97% homology to Halomonas aquamarina, SBR2 showed 97% homology to Sediminibacillus sp., (Red Sea), SBA9 exhibited 94% homology to Halobacillus sp., (Arabian Gulf) and SBD17 gave 98% homology to Halobacillus dabanensis (Dead Sea). The isolates were also characterized by their physiological parameters, SBR1 showed optimum growth at 30°C, pH8.5 and1.5M NaCl, SBR2 at 30°C, pH6.0 and 1M NaCl. Optimum conditions for SBA9 were 35°C, pH6.5 and 1M NaCl and for SBD17, 37°C, pH7.0 and 1M NaCl.
Short Communication: Floristic composition and relationships between plant species abundance and soil properties in common hazel (Corylus avellana) mountainous forest of northern Iran
Authors: POURRAHMATI GHADER , MATAJI ASADOLLAH , POURBABAEI HASSAN , SALEHI ALI
Published: October 2018

Pourrahmati G, Mataji A, Pourbabaei H, Salehi A. 2018. Short Communication: Floristic composition and relationships between plant species abundance and soil properties in common hazel (Corylus avellana) mountainous forest of northern Iran. Biodiversitas 19: 1835-1841. Mountainous forests are valuable terrestrial ecosystems because of their useful services for the human being. Here, we explored the floristic composition and the relationships between plant species abundance distribution and soil physical and chemical properties in common hazel (Corylus avellana L.) in the mountainous forest of northern Iran. Within the forest stand, 30 quadrats (20 m × 20 m and 1 m × 1 m for woody and herbaceous species, respectively) were selectively sampled along an altitudinal range from 1300 m to 1800 m a.s.l. to assess plant species composition and abundance, and soil samples were taken to perform chemical and physical analyses. The results showed that a total of 43 herbaceous and 15 woody species belonging to 23 and 8 families were identified. The abundance of herbaceous species was significantly correlated with soil properties (pH and total N). Furthermore, the abundance of woody species had a non-significant correlation with soil properties.
Habitat utilization of the Sumatran rhinos (Dicerorhinus sumatrensis harrissoni) in Kutai Barat forest, East Kalimantan, Indonesia
Authors: MUKHLISI MUKHLISI , NINGSIH TRI SAYEKTI , SARI ULFAH KARMILA , KURNIAWAN YUYUN , SETIAWAN RIDWAN , MUSLIM AHMAD
Published: October 2018

Mukhlisi, Ningsih TS, Sari UK, Kurniawan Y, Setiawan R, Muslim A. 2018. Habitat utilization of the Sumatran rhinos (Dicerorhinus sumatrensis harrissoni) in Kutai Barat forest, East Kalimantan, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 19: 1842-1850. Sumatran rhino population in Kutai Barat forest faces a high threat of extinction. Conservation efforts can be developed more effectively and efficiently by understanding the condition of their natural habitat. This study aimed to analyze various factors influencing habitat utilization of the Sumatran rhino in Kalimantan, specifically in Kutai Barat forest. We used past survey data of rhino presence carried out by WWF from 2014 to 2016. GPS coordinates were recorded for all signs of rhinos, such as camera trap images, footprints, bites mark on food plant, dung piles, urine, scratch, twisting, and lying signs. Rhino occurrence GPS coordinates were plotted on a map of the Sumatran rhino's habitat distribution in Kutai Barat using a grid of 2 x 2 km2 size. Spatial analyses were run using ArcGIS 10.6. We used a habitat selection index formula to analyze habitat preference and biner logistic regression to develop Resources Selection Function (RSF). We found that the preferred habitat of the Sumatran rhino was in the secondary forest with medium and high vegetation densities. The most influential habitat variables on the presence of Sumatran rhinoceros in the Kutai Barat forest were the slope and distance from wallow. The Sumatran rhinoceros were more likely to be found in the sloping areas and the areas closer to the wallows.
Evaluation of farmers’ knowledge on the rare Abyssinian pea (Pisum sativum var. abyssinicum) landraces of Ethiopia
Authors: GEBREEGZIABHE BERHANE GEBRESLASSIE , TSEGAY BERHANU ABRAHA
Published: October 2018

Gebreegziabher BG, Tsegay BA. 2018. Evaluation of farmers’ knowledge on the rare Abyssinian pea (Pisum sativum var. abyssinicum) landraces of Ethiopia. Biodiversitas 19: 1851-1865. Abyssinian pea (Pisum sativum var. abyssinicum A. Braun) is a rare and problematic taxon requiring evaluation of present farmers’ local knowledge. Cross-sectional data were collected from 444 respondents and analyzed using SPSS software. Descriptive statistics was used; one way ANOVA for significance test of variance and Exhaustive CHAID growth method for predictions. Prediction results showed that the crop requires about two good rains, Nitisol soils and about 21-30 kg ha-1seeding rate. The flowering to maturity time ranges 11∕2 to 21∕2 months depending on the agroecology (highland or lowland), with a yield of about 300-400 kg ha-1on average. The crop distribution is currently limited to three to four districts and sown after other crops are harvested. Major factors hindering its distribution are agro-ecological suitability, lack of intervention and preference of high yielding pea varieties. The crops’ inferiority in yield and pest susceptibility is the main reason for less extensive awareness on the crop. Though inferior in yield and susceptible to pest, farmers still prefer to grow the crop because of its marketability for local exchange and consumption. The core production problems currently remarked by farmers are expensive price of the seed to buy and small land holding.
Latent variable models for multi-species counts modeling in ecology
Authors: HERLIANSYAH RIKI , FITRIA IRMA
Published: October 2018

Herliansyah R, Fitria I. 2018. Latent variable models for multi-species counts modeling in ecology. Biodiversitas 19: 1871-1876. High-dimensional multi-species counts are often collected in ecology to understand the spatial distribution over different locations and to study effects of environmental changes. Modeling multivariate abundance is challenging as we need to consider the possibility of interactions across species. Latent variable models are the recent popular approaches in statistical ecology to address such issue that has a similar framework to ordinary regression models. In this paper, we employed the poisson distribution for modeling count responses and a negative binomial distribution for more frequent zeros in observations. The implementation of a latent variable model, Generalized Linear Latent Variable Models (GLLVMs), was demonstrated on multi-species counts of endemic bird species collected in 37 different sites in Central Kalimantan, Indonesia. The main objectives were to study the effect of logging activities on abundance of endemic species and their interactions and to observe the habitat preference of certain species. Our study found that out of four endemic species, Alophoixus bres and Eurylaimus javanicus species were significantly affected by logging activities. The sign of parameters was negative indicating the logging activities in 1989 and 1993 bring significantly negative impacts on those species. The interaction created among species was strongly negative for major endemic species especially Alophoixus bres and Eurylaimus javanicus that prefer living in primary forest than in logging areas.
Growth characteristics and copper accumulation of bacterial consortium Acinetobacter sp. and Cupriavidus sp. isolated from a wastewater treatment plant
Authors: IRAWATI WAHYU , YUWONO TRIWIBOWO , OMPUSUNGGU NOMMENSEN PANGIHUTAN
Published: October 2018

Irawati W, Yuwono T, Ompusunggu NP. 2018. Growth characteristics and copper accumulation of bacterial consortium Acinetobacter sp. and Cupriavidus sp. isolated from a wastewater treatment plant. Biodiversitas 19: 1884-1890. Pollutant treatments are part of the human calling, as the crown of creation, to subdue, preserve, and cultivate the earth in bringing goodness for all creatures. Bioremediation of copper using indigenous bacteria is well known as the best water treatment for polluted environment recovery. Acinetobacter sp. and Cupriavidus sp. are indigenous bacteria isolated from industrial sewage in Indonesia. Bioremediation in environment is a process involving community of bacterial consortium for heavy metal or any other polluting materials accumulation. The purposes of this research were: (i) to characterize growth of Acinetobacter sp. and Cupriavidus sp. consortia in sewage medium, enrichment medium, and medium supplemented with copper, (ii) to establish the potency of bacterial consortia to accumulate copper. The growth of bacteria was observed based on cell turbidity using spectrophotometer at wavelength of 600 nm. Cells pellet was destructed by nitric acid at 100oC and copper concentration was analyzed by atomic absorption spectrophotometer as copper accumulation value. The results showed that the growth of bacterial consortia in medium containing copper was better than that of single bacterium. The best bacterial consortium was the mixture of Acinetobacter sp. IrC1 and Acinetobacter sp. IrC2. The use of sewage as cultivation medium decreased bacterial growth by up to 25% but still resulted in the same level of logarithmic phase in enrichment medium. The highest accumulation capability was of a consortium of Acinetobacter sp. IrC1 and Acinetobacter sp. IrC2 at a level of 6.45 g/mg copper/g cells dry weight, suggesting that 5.09% of copper were accumulated by cells. It was concluded that the best composition of consortia in growth and copper accumulation capability was the mixture of Acinetobacter sp. IrC1 and Acinetobacter sp. IrC2. These results may be due to the fact that both bacteria belong to the same genus that allowed them for synergistic interactions.
The potential risk of tree regeneration failure in species-rich Taba Penanjung lowland rainforest, Bengkulu, Indonesia
Authors: SUSATYA AGUS
Published: October 2018

Susatya A. 2018. The potential risk of tree regeneration failure in species-rich Taba Penanjung lowland rainforest, Bengkulu, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 19: 1891-1901. Tropical lowland rain forest is recognized by its high species richness with very few trees per species. It is also known for having tendency to outcrossing of its species with different floral sexualities, which requires the synchronization between flowering of its trees and the presence of pollinators. Such ecological attributes raise possible constraints for the forest trees to regenerate. The objective of the study was to assess the potential risk of failed regeneration for each tree species of the forest. Each of species with dbh of more than 5 cm in a one-ha plot was collected, identified, and its ecological criteria, including rarity, floral sexuality, seed size, and flowering phenology were determined. The potential risk of the failure of regeneration was calculated by summing all scores from Analytical Hierarchical Process of the criteria. The results indicated that the forest consisted of 118 species belonging to 69 genera and 37 families. Rare species accounted to 52.10% of the total species. Of the 118 species, the potential medium risk category contributed to 38.14%, and more than 33% were grouped into very high and high risk or were more prone to failed regeneration in the future. All rare dioecious species were categorized into very high and high risks. Only 21 species (17.79%) are listed in 2017’s IUCN red list. Among unevaluated species, 22 and 13 species were respectively included in very high and high potential risk categories. The results revealed more detailed potential risk of failed regeneration of tree species, and can serve as basic information to develop proper conservation management.
Leaf anatomical characters of four epiphytic orchids of Sempu Island, East Java, Indonesia: The importance in identification and ecological adaptation
Authors: RINDYASTUTI RIDESTI , NURFADILAH SITI , RAHADIANTORO APRIYONO , HAPSARI LIA , ABYWIJAYA ILHAM KURNIA
Published: October 2018

Rindyastuti R, Nurfadilah S, Rahadiantoro A, Hapsari L, Abywijaya IK. 2018. Leaf anatomical characters of four epiphytic orchids of Sempu Island, East Java, Indonesia: The importance in identification and ecological adaptation. Biodiversitas 19: 1906-1918. Leaf anatomy features are important characters to support species identification and classification, and they are related to ecological adaptation of species. The aims of the present study were: (i) to investigate leaf anatomical characters of four epiphytic orchids of Sempu Island (Ascochilus emarginatus, Dendrobium subulatum, Thrixspermum subulatum, and Thrixspermum acuminatissimum) in relation to the significance in species identification and ecological adaptation in coastal habitats of Sempu Island, (ii) to compare the adaptive ability of the four species in coastal habitats based on adaptive anatomical characters. The procedure of leaf anatomical studies as follows: orchid leaves were fixed in ethanol 70% and sliced into thin pieces with a microtome, and stained with 1% Safranin. The leaf anatomical organization of orchids (stomata, epidermis, mesophyll, vascular bundles, and other characters such as hypodermis, fibre bundles, raphide bundles, and spiral thickenings) was observed under light microscope. The results showed the comparable data of leaf anatomical characters among the orchids. There was distinct variation in the anatomical characters of the orchids including stomata anomocytic, tetracytic, and cyclocytic; the presence or absence of hypodermis, spiral thickenings, fibre bundles, raphide bundles, and bundle sheaths; homogenous and heterogenous mesophyll; and variation in vascular bundle arrangement. Detailed leaf anatomical characters can be used to distinguish a species from others, which are important to support species identification. The similarity of anatomical characters among these orchids were they possessed relatively thick cuticle and other specific anatomical characters as a structural adaptation to coastal habitat with high irradiation to reduce leaf transpiration. D. subulatum can be considered as the most adaptive orchid species to coastal habitats based on adaptive anatomical characters as it possessed the largest number of adaptive anatomical characters. The implication of this study is the importance of leaf anatomical features to support species identification and to increase understanding of orchid biology and ecology which are important in orchid conservation.
The impacts of traditional homegarden conversion into the commercial one: A case study in Sukapura Village of the Upstream Citarum Watershed, West Java, Indonesia
Authors: PRIHATINI JULIATI , ISKANDAR JOHAN , PARTASASMITA RUHYAT , NURJAMAN DEDEN
Published: October 2018

Prihatini J, Iskandar J, Partasasmita R, Nurjaman D. 2018. The impacts of traditional homegarden conversion into the commercial one: A case study in Sukapura Village of the Upstream Citarum Watershed, West Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 19: 1926-1940. In the past, rural homegardens in West Java were planted with various annual and perennial crops. As a result, the vegetation structure of traditional homegardens in rural areas of West Java, Indonesia was very complex, similar to that of forest vegetation. Nowadays, however, due to rapid development of market economic system in rural areas, many traditional homegardens in West Java have been converted into the commercial ones. Consequently, the structure and functions of the homegardens have drastically changed. For example, the vegetation structure has become simpler and dominated by commercial crops, and the gardens serve mostly economic function instead of providing various ecological, socio-economic and cultural functions. The aim of this study was to elucidate: (i) the ecological history of traditional homegardens, (ii) the changes of structure and functions of the homegardens converted from the traditional into the commercial one, and (iii) the positive and negative impacts of conversion of the traditional homegardens into the commercial ones in the Village of Sukapura, the Subdistrict of Kertasari, the District of Bandung, Upstream Citarum Watershed, West Java. The combination of qualitative and quantitative methods were used, while some techniques, including observations, and in-depth interviews with competent informants were applied in this study. The results of study showed that initially the traditional homegardens in Kertasari Village had been predominantly cropped with various annual and perennial crops. However, due to market economic development, the homegardens have been drastically changed. For example, the commercial vegetable crops, including Welsh onion (Allium fistulosum L), carrot (Daucus carota L) and cabbage (Brassica oleracea var capitata) have been predominantly cultivated in the commercial homegardens. Consequently, the household income of the village people who own the commercial homegardens increased, however, some ecological and socio-cultural functions of the commercial homegardens drastically decreased. In addition, some negative impacts of the commercialization of the homegardens have occurred. We suggest that to develop the sustainable village homegardens for the future, the diversity of plants must be maintained to provide ecological function or ecosystem services and the economic production must be improved to increase the income of the rural people.
Leunca (Solanum americanum Mill.): The uses as vegetable in two villages in Upper Citarum Area, Bandung, West Java, Indonesia
Authors: MULYANTO DEDE , ISKANDAR JOHAN , ABDOELLAH OEKAN S. , S. ISKANDAR BUDIAWATI , RIAWANTI SELLY , PARTASASMITA RUHYAT
Published: October 2018

Mulyanto D, Iskandar J, Abdoellah OS, Iskandar BS, Riawanti S, Partasasmita R. 2018. Leunca (Solanum americanum Mill.): The uses as vegetable in two villages in Upper Citarum Area, Bandung, West Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 19: 1941-1954. Leunca is known as botanical name as Solanum americanum Mill, Family of Solanaceae. In recent years, academic interest has been increasing. After so long studied as weeds, today leunca has also studied because of its important meaning as crop that has high nutritional and economic value in relation to food resilience of developing countries, as because of its chemical substances with its medicinal properties. Leunca was recorded in colonial period by botanists or agricultural scientists’ report as local vegetable in rural of West Java also in modern time by anthropologist or ecologists who studying rural population. In the recent time in Indonesia, leunca studies almost all have been focused on its pharmacological, agronomic, and economic aspects. The aspect that is related to Sundanese sociocultural system was almost neglected. This paper presents the finding of research on ethnobotany of leunca includes landraces, agronomical and utilization, traditional institutional aspect, and culinary culture food habits of leunca in rural Sundanese people. Method used in this study mixed-method of qualitative and quantitative was applied in this study, while some techniques including observation and semi-structured interviews were carried in the field research. The result of study showed that based on informants it has revealed that 7 kinds of plant that are named as leunca, however, only 3 kinds of leunca that are grown in their village. Among 7 kinds of leunca, leunca biasa (S. americanum) has been predominantly consumed both fruits and leaves. There is various food dishes are consumed fresh or cooked. Various dishes of leunca biasa have been culturally integrated everyday life of people and culturally as part of people identity of Sundanese people (urang Sunda). Other kinds of leunca, including leaves of leunca manuk (variety of S. americanum) have been consumed leunca as cooked vegetable, and its leaves have been used as traditional medicine of pet chicken disease.
Predicting impacts of future climate change on the distribution of the widespread selaginellas (Selaginella ciliaris and S. plana) in Southeast Asia
Authors: SETYAWAN AHMAD DWI , SUPRIATNA JATNA , NISYAWATI NISYAWATI , SUTARNO SUTARNO , NURSAMSI ILYAS
Published: October 2018

Setyawan AD, Supriatna J, Nisyawati, Sutarno, Sugiyarto, Nursamsi I. 2018. Predicting impacts of future climate change on the distribution of the widespread selaginellas (Selaginella ciliaris and S. plana) in Southeast Asia. Biodiversitas 19: 1960-1977. The current global climate is moving towards dangerous and unprecedented conditions that have been seen as a potentially devastating threat to the environment and all living things.  Selaginella is a fern-allies that needs water as a medium for fertilization, hence its distribution is presumed to be affected by climate change. In Southeast Asia (SEA), there are two widely distributed selaginellas, namely Selaginella ciliaris and S. plana. S. ciliaris is a small herb (up to 4 cm), annual, abundant during the rainy season, and found in the middle-high plains, whereas S. plana is a stout large herb (up to 80 cm), perennial, and mainly found in the lowlands. The purpose of this study was to determine the potential niche distribution of S. ciliaris and S. plana under current climatic conditions, and to predict its future distribution under the impacts of climate change. We used Maxent software along with bioclimatic, edaphic, and UV radiation variables to model the potential niche distribution of those two selaginellas under current and future predictions climate conditions. We generated future predictions under four detailed bioclimatic scenarios (i.e., RCP 2.6, RCP 4.5, RCP 6.0, and RCP 8.5) over three times intervals (2030, 2050, 2080). The results showed that future climatic conditions in the SEA had been predicted to significantly disrupt the distribution of suitable habitat of S. ciliaris and S. plana, and alter their geographic distribution patterns. Although some areas were predicted to become suitable habitat in the early period of future climate change, the overall projections show adverse effects of future climate conditions on the suitable habitat distribution of S. ciliaris and S. plana, as estimated losses of suitable habitat will be higher than the gains.
Predicting impacts of future climate change on the distribution of the widespread selaginellas (Selaginella ciliaris and S. plana) in Southeast Asia
Authors: SETYAWAN AHMAD DWI , SUPRIATNA JATNA , NISYAWATI NISYAWATI , SUTARNO SUTARNO , NURSAMSI ILYAS
Published: October 2018

Abstract. Setyawan AD, Supriatna J, Nisyawati, Sutarno, Sugiyarto, Nursamsi I. 2018. Predicting impacts of future climate change on the distribution of the widespread selaginellas (Selaginella ciliaris and S. plana) in Southeast Asia. Biodiversitas 19: 1960-1977. The current global climate is moving towards dangerous and unprecedented conditions that have been seen as a potentially devastating threat to the environment and all living things. Selaginella is a fern-allies that needs water as a medium for fertilization, hence its distribution is presumed to be affected by climate change. In Southeast Asia (SEA), there are two widely distributed selaginellas, namely Selaginella ciliaris and S. plana. S. ciliaris is a small herb (up to 4 cm), annual, abundant during the rainy season, and found in the middle-high plains, whereas S. plana is a stout large herb (up to 80 cm), perennial, and mainly found in the lowlands. The purpose of this study was to determine the potential niche distribution of S. ciliaris and S. plana under current climatic conditions, and to predict its future distribution under the impacts of climate change. We used Maxent software along with bioclimatic, edaphic, and UV radiation variables to model the potential niche distribution of those two selaginellas under current and future predictions climate conditions. We generated future predictions under four detailed bioclimatic scenarios (i.e., RCP 2.6, RCP 4.5, RCP 6.0, and RCP 8.5) over three times intervals (2030, 2050, 2080). The results showed that future climatic conditions in the SEA had been predicted to significantly disrupt the distribution of suitable habitat of S. ciliaris and S. plana, and alter their geographic distribution patterns. Although some areas were predicted to become suitable habitat in the early period of future climate change, the overall projections show adverse effects of future climate conditions on the suitable habitat distribution of S. ciliaris and S. plana, as estimated losses of suitable habitat will be higher than the gains.
Analysis of the level of labor costs in polish enterprises
Authors: Borkowski Christopher
Published: October 2018

The article moves the issue of labor costs, their structure and impact on the company's operations based on Polish enterprises. The issue of labor costs has existed since time immemorial, because human work is inevitably connected with the development of civilization. The problem of rewarding therefore existed during the construction of the first pyramids, the first mass production of cars in the Henry Ford factory and today. A common feature of past and present times is the fact that the aim is to reduce the labor costs as much as possible while maintaining unchanged quality and productivity at work. The author draws attention to the complexity of the category of labor costs in modern enterprises and the difficulty in their optimization. On the basis of the analysis of the literature on the subject and legal acts, fundamental assumptions and components of labor costs were characterized. During the analysis, the conclusion was drawn that the need to reduce labor costs contributes to the emergence of new phenomena, including employee outsourcing, which may be the basis for further research into this category of costs.
Evaluation of Innovative Cold Mix Recycled Asphalt Concrete as Backfill Material in Pipeline Maintenance
Authors: Chen Shih-Huang , Zheng Wei-Yuan , Paramitha Putri Adhitana
Published: October 2018

Cold mix recycled asphalt (CMRA) concrete was evaluated to be an innovative repair material to improve the pavement quality and environmental impact on pipeline maintenance in this study. The study presented and specifically examined the use of CMRA with 2.5 % foam asphalt content as a replacement for the currently used controlled low-strength material (CLSM) as pipeline backfill material. CMRA’s material properties, performance, carbon dioxide emissions, cost, and construction time were analyzed in this study to confirm the advantages and limitations of CMRA. The results concluded that CMRA performed better than CLSM for all the items analyzed. Specifically, according to the performance analysis, CMRA exhibited a better Marshall stability index, California bearing ratio, indirect tensile strength, tensile strength ratio, anti-rutting ability, and penetration than the standards specified. Furthermore, the average carbon emissions of CMRA were 36 % less than CLSM, could save at least 2 h of construction time per cubic meter of construction, and immediately opened traffic. However, CRMA’s construction cost in this study was similar to CLSM and was only lower (up to 2.3 %) by considering a similar price of cement, asphalt, and additives. Based on the aforementioned results, this study concluded that the findings may be of particular interest for Taiwanese pipeline maintenance projects as a backfill material and is worthy of further research.
Method for Structural Frequency Extraction from GNSS Displacement Monitoring Signals
Authors: Rao Rui , Li Chengcai , Huang Yonghui , Zhen Xiaoxia , Wu Lingzheng
Published: October 2018

This article focused on the obstacles and the solution of the structural frequency extraction from the global navigation satellite system (GNSS) displacement monitoring signals. Based on the analysis of the signals obtained from a real-time dynamic displacement monitoring system of a compound cable-stayed bridge in Guangzhou, China, it was found that the ultra-low frequency components and the noise in the signal result in the errors and distortion in the structural frequency extraction. Accordingly, a method was proposed. The empirical mode decomposition was firstly carried out to decompose the GNSS signal into a set of intrinsic mode functions (IMFs). A coefficient was used, and the cut-off frequency was set to distinguish effective IMFs, which contain structural oscillation information, from high frequency noise IMFs and trends (including ultra-low frequency IMFs). Then the wavelet was applied to remove the noise of the effective IMFs. A reconstructed signal was obtained by summing up the denoised effective IMFs. The structural frequency was obtained from the reconstructed signal using the fast Fourier transform. The results demonstrate the proposed method can reduce the influence of the ultra-low frequency components and the noise and extract the accurate structure frequency from GNSS displacement monitoring signals.
Prácticas pedagógicas en el contexto de la cultura digital para generar aprendizajes significativos en los estudiantes
Authors: Rincón Guevara Jhenifer Mailec , Quiñones Granados Aurelia Patricia
Published: October 2018

El presente artículo recoge los resultados de la investigación centrada en comprender las prácticas pedagógicas de los docentes de educación media en el contexto de la cultura digital, en dos instituciones oficiales de educación básica y media ubicadas en los departamentos del Cesar y Santander. En este trabajo se describe el proceso de implementación, el uso y apropiación de las tecnologías en la labor educativa, bajo una mirada fenomenológica de los sujetos participantes. Fue substancial conocer a profundidad qué sucede a diario en el quehacer pedagógico de los maestros cuando hacen uso de las tecnologías, sus aciertos y dificultades, con el fin de conocer qué tipo de formación y herramientas tecnológicas requieren, y qué apoyo se debe ofrecer para fortalecer este tipo de procesos que repercuten en la calidad educativa. Teniendo en cuenta los aportes teóricos de Olga Lucía Zuluaga, Pierre Lévy y David Ausubel.
Análisis de la emisora escolar como propuesta pedagógica y experiencia estudiantil
Authors: Reyes Ramírez Lina Andrea
Published: October 2018

En el siguiente artículo se presenta un análisis del proyecto de emisora escolar de una institución educativa de la ciudad de Cali, con el fin de dar cuenta por qué se ha mantenido durante diez años, a pesar de no estar constituida como un medio de comunicación profesional, y cuál ha sido su impacto en la comunidad educativa. El análisis de este estudio se realizó bajo las perspectivas teóricas de los usos de la emisora escolar en el aula de clase; la metodología de investigación fue de orden cualitativo; y las categorías de estudio surgieron a partir de las preguntas problema mencionadas anteriormente. Su fundamento principal se centra en que el docente de literatura logra constituir, y posicionar, la emisora escolar como herramienta pedagógica para mejorar competencias argumentativas y expositivas de sus estudiantes mediante la música. Los resultados, en general, muestran que la emisora pasó de tener un carácter informal a concebirse como una herramienta que trasciende del aula de clase, logrando despertar el interés de la comunidad estudiantil.
Pierre Bourdieu and his concept of Symbolic Violence: what´s happening into Colombian Classrooms?
Authors: Quiñones Jesús Antonio
Published: October 2018

This discussion paper arises from the academic proposal made for elective seminar of the Doctorate in Education from Universidad Santo Tomás in Bogotá Colombia ‘la violencia simbólica en la obra de Pierre Bourdieu y el acto pedagógico’. In a very particular scenario being presented in the Colombian nation in recent months in which the political, economic and cultural academic country seeks ways out of decades of war between the government and armed opposition groups, it is necessary that this topic enters into the classroom and reflect about these very pointed and particular tensions that every day are fought at schools, colleges or universities. In this sense, one of them has to do with power relationships between teachers and students, the study of its genesis, its development and evolution are essential for understanding today's school as the setting in which they are educating the new generation of Colombians who, apparently, will be the first to live in a country at peace. It is assumed therefore that the author’s ideas on Bourdieu’s theory stem from the author’s experience of working in Colombia as a teacher in several schools and universities. After years of pedagogical experiences, this would make an interesting insight, through the lens of Bourdieu, into the dominant educational pedagogical approach in a country which is perceived to be unstable by other nations. A position paper on how students may be discriminated against or oppressed because of the power struggles or tensions within the classroom and what Bourdieu might call cultural arbitraries, would make interesting reading. For this  analysis, it is assumed that the theory of Pierre Bourdieu can be helpful to understand this phenomenon, since it allows to address the issue from the theoretical but also leaves the possibility of understanding the phenomenon from teaching practice and the school.