bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prebiotic Phosphorylation of Uridine using Diamidophosphate in Aerosols
Authors: Castañeda A. D. , Li Z. , Joo T. , Benham K. , Burcar B. T. , Krishnamurthy R. , Liotta C. L. , Ng N. L. , Orlando T. M.
Published: September 2019

One of the most challenging fundamental problems in establishing prebiotically plausible routes for phosphorylation reactions using phosphate is that they are thermodynamically unfavorable in aqueous conditions. Diamidophosphate (DAP), a potentially prebiotically relevant compound, was shown to phosphorylate nucleosides in aqueous medium, albeit at a very slow rate (days/weeks). Here, we demonstrate that performing these reactions within an aerosol environment, a suitable model for the early Earth ocean-air interface, yields higher reaction rates when compared to bulk solution, thus overcoming these rate limitations. As a proof-of-concept, we demonstrate the effective conversion (~6.5–10%) of uridine to uridine-2′,3′-cyclophosphate in less than 1 h. These results suggest that aerosol environments are a possible scenario in which prebiotic phosphorylation could have occurred despite unfavorable rates in bulk solution.
The specific seroreactivity to ∆Np73 isoforms shows higher diagnostic ability in colorectal cancer patients than the canonical p73 protein
Authors: Garranzo-Asensio María , Guzmán-Aránguez Ana , Povés Carmen , Fernández-Aceñero María Jesús , Montero-Calle Ana , Ceron María Ángeles , Fernandez-Diez Servando , Rodríguez Nuria , Gómez de Cedrón Marta , Ramírez de Molina Ana , Domínguez Gemma , Barderas Rodrigo
Published: September 2019

The p53-family is tightly regulated at transcriptional level. Due to alternative splicing, up to 40 different theoretical proteoforms have been described for p73 and at least 20 and 10 for p53 and p63, respectively. However, only the canonical proteins have been evaluated as autoantibody targets in cancer patients for diagnosis. In this study, we have cloned and expressed in vitro the most upregulated proteoforms of p73, ΔNp73α and ΔNp73β, for the analysis of their seroreactivity by a developed luminescence based immunoassay test using 145 individual plasma from colorectal cancer, premalignant individuals and healthy controls. ∆Np73α seroreactivity showed the highest diagnostic ability to discriminate between groups. The combination of ∆Np73α, ∆Np73β and p73 proteoforms seroreactivity were able to improve their individual diagnostic ability. Competitive inhibition experiments further demonstrated the presence of unique specific epitopes in ΔNp73 isoforms not present in p73, with several colorectal patients showing unique and specific seroreactivity to the ΔNp73 proteoforms. Overall, we have increased the complexity of the humoral immune response to the p53-family in cancer patients, showing that the proteoforms derived from the alternative splicing of p73 possess a higher diagnostic ability than the canonical protein, which might be extensive for p53 and p63 proteins.
Interfocal heterogeneity challenges the clinical usefulness of molecular classification of primary prostate cancer
Authors: Carm Kristina Totland , Hoff Andreas M. , Bakken Anne Cathrine , Axcrona Ulrika , Axcrona Karol , Lothe Ragnhild A. , Skotheim Rolf I. , Løvf Marthe
Published: September 2019

Prostate cancer is a highly heterogeneous disease and typically multiple distinct cancer foci are present at primary diagnosis. Molecular classification of prostate cancer can potentially aid the precision of diagnosis and treatment. A promising genomic classifier was published by The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), successfully classifying 74% of primary prostate cancers into seven groups based on one cancer sample per patient. Here, we explore the clinical usefulness of this classification by testing the classifier’s performance in a multifocal context. We analyzed 106 cancer samples from 85 distinct cancer foci within 39 patients. By somatic mutation data from whole-exome sequencing and targeted qualitative and quantitative gene expression assays, 31% of the patients were uniquely classified into one of the seven TCGA classes. Further, different samples from the same focus had conflicting classification in 12% of the foci. In conclusion, the level of both intra- and interfocal heterogeneity is extensive and must be taken into consideration in the development of clinically useful molecular classification of primary prostate cancer.
The diversity and ecological roles of Penicillium in intertidal zones
Authors: Park Myung Soo , Oh Seung-Yoon , Fong Jonathan J. , Houbraken Jos , Lim Young Woon
Published: September 2019

Members of the genusPenicilliumare commonly isolated from various terrestrial and marine environments, and play an important ecological role as a decomposer. To gain insight into the ecological role ofPenicilliumin intertidal zones, we investigated thePenicilliumdiversity and community structure using a culture-dependent technique and a culture independent metagenomic approach using ITS (ITS-NGS) and partial β-tubulin (BenA-NGS) as targets. The obtained isolates were tested for halotolerance, enzyme activity, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) degradation. A total of 96Penicilliumspecies were identified from the investigated intertidal zones. Although theBenA-NGS method was efficient for detectingPenicillium, some species were only detected using conventional isolation and/or the ITS-NGS method. ThePenicilliumcommunity displayed a significant degree of variation relative to season (summer and winter) and seaside (western and southern coast). ManyPenicilliumspecies isolated in this study exhibited cellulase and protease activity, and/or degradation of PAHs. These findings support the important role ofPenicilliumin the intertidal zone for nutrient recycling and pollutant degradation.
Quantum computational universality of hypergraph states with Pauli-X and Z basis measurements
Authors: Takeuchi Yuki , Morimae Tomoyuki , Hayashi Masahito
Published: September 2019

Measurement-based quantum computing is one of the most promising quantum computing models. Although various universal resource states have been proposed so far, it was open whether only two Pauli bases are enough for both of universal measurement-based quantum computing and its verification. In this paper, we construct a universal hypergraph state that only requires X and Z-basis measurements for universal measurement-based quantum computing. We also show that universal measurement-based quantum computing on our hypergraph state can be verified in polynomial time using only X and Z-basis measurements. Furthermore, in order to demonstrate an advantage of our hypergraph state, we construct a verifiable blind quantum computing protocol that requires only X and Z-basis measurements for the client.
Defining a historic football team: Using Network Science to analyze Guardiola’s F.C. Barcelona
Authors: Buldú J. M. , Busquets J. , Echegoyen I. , Seirul.lo F.
Published: September 2019

The application of Network Science to social systems has introduced new methodologies to analyze classical problems such as the emergence of epidemics, the arousal of cooperation between individuals or the propagation of information along social networks. More recently, the organization of football teams and their performance have been unveiled using metrics coming from Network Science, where a team is considered as a complex network whose nodes (i.e., players) interact with the aim of overcoming the opponent network. Here, we combine the use of different network metrics to extract the particular signature of the F.C. Barcelona coached by Guardiola, which has been considered one of the best teams along football history. We have first compared the network organization of Guardiola’s team with their opponents along one season of the Spanish national league, identifying those metrics with statistically significant differences and relating them with the Guardiola’s game. Next, we have focused on the temporal nature of football passing networks and calculated the evolution of all network properties along a match, instead of considering their average. In this way, we are able to identify those network metrics that enhance the probability of scoring/receiving a goal, showing that not all teams behave in the same way and how the organization Guardiola’s F.C. Barcelona is different from the rest, including its clustering coefficient, shortest-path length, largest eigenvalue of the adjacency matrix, algebraic connectivity and centrality distribution.
Addition of Epigallocatechin Gallate 400 mg to Sofosbuvir 400 mg + Daclatisvir 60 mg With or Without Ribavirin in Treatment of Patients with Chronic Hepatitis C Improves the Safety Profile: A Pilot Study
Authors: Shiha Gamal , Soliman Reham , Elbasiony Mohamed , Darwish Noureldien H. E. , Mousa Shaker A.
Published: September 2019

Emergence of new molecules acting directly on the hepatitic C virus (HCV) has improved treatment outcomes. However, there is a risk of selecting viral escape mutants, so a new combination is needed using different inhibitors that target different steps of the HCV infectious cycle. Novel single tablet formulations were developed: Dactavira, composed of sofosbuvir (SOF) 400 mg/daclatisvir (DCV) 60 mg/epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) 400 mg without ribavirin (RBV); and Dactavira plus, which includes RBV 800 mg. A randomized, open-label study was carried out on treatment-naïve non-cirrhotic (Group A, n = 50) and treatment-naïve cirrhotic (Group B, n = 22) patients with genotype 4 HCV infection. Group A was randomly assigned to receive a single daily fixed-dose (Dactavira, n = 25) or the standard of care [SOF 400 mg/DCV 60 mg] (n = 25) daily for 12 weeks. Group B was randomly assigned to receive a single daily fixed-dose (Dactavira plus, n = 11) or the standard of care + RBV 800 mg (n = 11) daily for 12 weeks. Patients receiving Dactavira or Dactavira plus had a significantly more rapid rate of viral load decline as compared to patients receiving the standard of care therapy. Sustained virological response for 12 weeks for Dactavira or Dactavira plus showed no statistically significant difference when compared to the standard of care. Also, they did not affect normal hemoglobin levels (p < 0.001) versus the standard of care. The incorporated EGCG interferes with the viral entry mechanisms, as reported by several investigators, and in turn enhances efficacy and prevents relapse as compared to the standard of care. Also, its antihemeolytic and antifibrotic activities may improve the safety and tolerability of the therapy.
Visual and somatosensory information contribute to distortions of the body model
Authors: Peviani Valeria , Melloni Lucia , Bottini Gabriella
Published: September 2019

Distorted representations of the body are observed in healthy individuals as well as in neurological and psychiatric disorders. Distortions of the body model have been attributed to the somatotopic cerebral representation. Recently, it has been demonstrated that visual biases also contribute to those distortions. To better understand the sources of such distortions, we compared the metric representations across five body parts affording different degrees of tactile sensitivity and visual accessibility. We evaluated their perceived dimensions using a Line Length Judgment task. We found that most body parts were underestimated in their dimensions. The estimation error relative to their length was predicted by their tactile acuity, supporting the influence of the cortical somatotopy on the body model. However, tactile acuity did not explain the distortions observed for the width. Visual accessibility in turn does appear to mediate body distortions, as we observed that the dimensions of the dorsal portion of the neck were the only ones accurately perceived. Coherent with the multisensory nature of body representations, we argue that the perceived dimensions of body parts are estimated by integrating visual and somatosensory information, each weighted differently, based on their availability for a given body part and a given spatial dimension.
Fragment-based discovery of the first nonpeptidyl inhibitor of an S46 family peptidase
Authors: Sakamoto Yasumitsu , Suzuki Yoshiyuki , Nakamura Akihiro , Watanabe Yurie , Sekiya Mizuki , Roppongi Saori , Kushibiki Chisato , Iizuka Ippei , Tani Osamu , Sakashita Hitoshi , Inaka Koji , Tanaka Hiroaki , Yamada Mitsugu , Ohta Kazunori , Honma Nobuyuki , Shida Yosuke , Ogasawara Wataru , Nakanishi-Matsui Mayumi , Nonaka Takamasa , Gouda Hiroaki , Tanaka Nobutada
Published: September 2019

Antimicrobial resistance is a global public threat and raises the need for development of new antibiotics with a novel mode of action. The dipeptidyl peptidase 11 from Porphyromonas gingivalis (PgDPP11) belongs to a new class of serine peptidases, family S46. Because S46 peptidases are not found in mammals, these enzymes are attractive targets for novel antibiotics. However, potent and selective inhibitors of these peptidases have not been developed to date. In this study, a high-resolution crystal structure analysis of PgDPP11 using a space-grown crystal enabled us to identify the binding of citrate ion, which could be regarded as a lead fragment mimicking the binding of a substrate peptide with acidic amino acids, in the S1 subsite. The citrate-based pharmacophore was utilized for in silico inhibitor screening. The screening resulted in an active compound SH-5, the first nonpeptidyl inhibitor of S46 peptidases. SH-5 and a lipophilic analog of SH-5 showed a dose-dependent inhibitory effect against the growth of P. gingivalis. The binding mode of SH-5 was confirmed by crystal structure analysis. Thus, these compounds could be lead structures for the development of selective inhibitors of PgDPP11.
Photopharmacologic Vision Restoration Reduces Pathological Rhythmic Field Potentials in Blind Mouse Retina
Authors: Hüll Katharina , Benster Tyler , Manookin Michael B. , Trauner Dirk , Van Gelder Russell N. , Laprell Laura
Published: September 2019

Photopharmacology has yielded compounds that have potential to restore impaired visual responses resulting from outer retinal degeneration diseases such as retinitis pigmentosa. Here we evaluate two photoswitchable azobenzene ion channel blockers, DAQ and DAA for vision restoration. DAQ exerts its effect primarily on RGCs, whereas DAA induces light-dependent spiking primarily through amacrine cell activation. Degeneration-induced local field potentials remain a major challenge common to all vision restoration approaches. These 5–10 Hz rhythmic potentials increase the background firing rate of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) and overlay the stimulated response, thereby reducing signal-to-noise ratio. Along with the bipolar cell-selective photoswitch DAD and second-generation RGC-targeting photoswitch PhENAQ, we investigated the effects of DAA and DAQ on rhythmic local field potentials (LFPs) occurring in the degenerating retina. We found that photoswitches targeting neurons upstream of RGCs, DAA (amacrine cells) and DAD (bipolar cells) suppress the frequency of LFPs, while DAQ and PhENAQ (RGCs) had negligible effects on frequency or spectral power of LFPs. Taken together, these results demonstrate remarkable diversity of cell-type specificity of photoswitchable channel blockers in the retina and suggest that specific compounds may counter rhythmic LFPs to produce superior signal-to-noise characteristics in vision restoration.
Association between the relative abundance of gastric microbiota and the risk of gastric cancer: a case-control study
Authors: Gunathilake Madhawa Neranjan , Lee Jeonghee , Choi Il Ju , Kim Young-Il , Ahn Yongju , Park Chanhyeok , Kim Jeongseon
Published: September 2019

The human gut hosts a diverse community of bacteria referred to as the gut microbiome. We investigated the association between the relative abundance of gastric microbiota and gastric cancer (GC) risk in a Korean population. The study participants included 268 GC patients and 288 controls. DNA was extracted from gastric biopsies, and 16S rRNA gene analysis was performed. Unconditional logistic regression models were used to observe the associations. Of the participants, those who had the highest level (highest tertile) of relative Helicobacter pylori and Propionibacterium acnes abundances showed a significantly higher risk for GC after adjusting for potential confounding variables (odds ratio (OR) = 1.86, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.17–2.97, p for trend = 0.017 and OR = 4.77, 95% CI = 2.94–7.74, p for trend <0.001, respectively). Subjects who carried Prevotella copri had a significantly higher risk of GC than noncarriers (OR = 2.54, 95% CI = 1.42–4.55, p for trend = 0.002). There was a lower risk of GC in subjects carrying Lactococcus lactis than in noncarriers (OR = 0.21, 95% CI = 0.10–0.44, p for trend <0.001). H. pylori, P. acnes and P. copri are strong risk factors, whereas L. lactis is a protective factor, for GC development in Koreans. Further microbiome studies are warranted to verify the findings of the current study.
Heparanase-2 protects from LPS-mediated endothelial injury by inhibiting TLR4 signalling
Authors: Kiyan Yulia , Tkachuk Sergey , Kurselis Kestutis , Shushakova Nelli , Stahl Klaus , Dawodu Damilola , Kiyan Roman , Chichkov Boris , Haller Hermann
Published: September 2019

The endothelial glycocalyx and its regulated shedding are important to vascular health. Endo-β-D-glucuronidase heparanase-1 (HPSE1) is the only enzyme that can shed heparan sulfate. However, the mechanisms are not well understood. We show that HPSE1 activity aggravated Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)-mediated response of endothelial cells to LPS. On the contrary, overexpression of its endogenous inhibitor, heparanase-2 (HPSE2) was protective. The microfluidic chip flow model confirmed that HPSE2 prevented heparan sulfate shedding by HPSE1. Furthermore, heparan sulfate did not interfere with cluster of differentiation-14 (CD14)-dependent LPS binding, but instead reduced the presentation of the LPS to TLR4. HPSE2 reduced LPS-mediated TLR4 activation, subsequent cell signalling, and cytokine expression. HPSE2-overexpressing endothelial cells remained protected against LPS-mediated loss of cell-cell contacts.In vivo, expression of HPSE2 in plasma and kidney medullary capillaries was decreased in mouse sepsis model. We next applied purified HPSE2 in mice and observed decreases in TNFα and IL-6 plasma concentrations after intravenous LPS injections. Our data demonstrate the important role of heparan sulfate and the glycocalyx in endothelial cell activation and suggest a protective role of HPSE2 in microvascular inflammation. HPSE2 offers new options for protection against HPSE1-mediated endothelial damage and preventing microvascular disease.
Identification of differentially expressed genes and fusion genes associated with malignant progression of spinal cord gliomas by transcriptome analysis
Authors: Liu Dong-kang , Wang Jin , Guo Yi , Sun Zhen-xing , Wang Gui-huai
Published: September 2019

Glioma, the most common histological subtype of primary spinal cord tumors, is considered as a rare central nervous system neoplasm. In this study, 9 glioma samples (4 of grade II and 5 of grade IV with H3K27M positive) were analyzed to examine the molecular mechanisms underlying the malignant progression of gliomas, transcriptome sequencing. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in grade IV vs. grade II were analyzed by using the Limma package in R. Enrichment analysis was performed for the individual DEGs through VennPlex software and the Database for Annotation. Gene mutations and fusions were analyzed using the Genome Analysis Toolkit and STAR-Fusion. A total of 416 DEGs were identified in grade IV vs. grade II. Functional analysis of the DEGs showed that GALR1 and GRM5 of neuroactive ligand-receptor interactions signaling pathways may be relaed to malignant progression of gliomas. Further systematic transcriptional profiling identified 11 in-frame/frameshift gene fusions in the tumors. Notably, one novel gene fusions, GATSL2-GTF2I was detected in all of the grade II samples. In summary, the molecular alterations observed in glioma progression may improve the characterization of different human spinal cord glioma grades. The transcriptome analysis of intramedullary spinal cord glioma will provide a new candidate gene list for further mechanism research.
Two-dimensional boron nitride as a sulfur fixer for high performance rechargeable aluminum-sulfur batteries
Authors: Zhang Kaiqiang , Lee Tae Hyung , Cha Joo Hwan , Varma Rajender S. , Choi Ji-Won , Jang Ho Won , Shokouhimehr Mohammadreza
Published: September 2019

Aluminum-ion batteries (AIBs) are regarded as promising candidates for post-lithium-ion batteries due to their lack of flammability and electrochemical performance comparable to other metal-ion batteries. The lack of suitable cathode materials, however, has hindered the development of high-performing AIBs. Sulfur is a cost-efficient material, having distinguished electrochemical properties, and is considered an attractive cathode material for AIBs. Several pioneering reports have shown that aluminum-sulfur batteries (ASBs) exhibit superior electrochemical capacity over other cathode materials for AIBs. However, a rapid decay in the capacity is a huge barrier for their practical applications. Here, we have demonstrated systematically for the first time that the two-dimensional layered materials (e.g. MoS2, WS2, and BN) can serve as fixers of S and sulfide compounds during repeated charge/discharge processes; BN/S/C displays the highest capacity of 532 mAh g−1 (at a current density of 100 mA g−1) compared with the current state-of-the-art cathode material for AIBs. Further, we could improve the life-span of ASBs to an unprecedented 300 cycles with a high Coulombic efficiency of 94.3%; discharge plateaus at ~1.15 V vs. AlCl4−/Al was clearly observed during repeated charge/discharge cycling. We believe that this work opens up a new method for achieving high-performing ASBs.
Seasonality of riverine macroplastic transport
Authors: van Emmerik Tim , Strady Emilie , Kieu-Le Thuy-Chung , Nguyen Luan , Gratiot Nicolas
Published: September 2019

Marine plastic pollution is an increasing environmental threat. Although it is assumed that most marine plastics are transported from land to the ocean through rivers, only limited data on riverine plastic transport exists. Recently, new methods have been introduced to characterize riverine plastics consistently through time and space. For example, combining visual counting observations and plastic debris sampling can provide order of magnitude estimations of plastic transport through a river. In this paper, we present findings from multi-season measurement campaign in the Saigon River, Vietnam. For the first time, we demonstrate that macroplastic transport exhibits strong temporal variation. The monthly averaged plastic transport changes up to a factor five within the measurement period. As it is unclear what drives the variation in plastic transport, relations between rainfall, river discharge, presence of organic material and plastic transport have been explored. Furthermore, we present new findings on the cross-sectional and vertical distribution of riverine plastic transport. With this paper we present new insights in the origin and fate of riverine plastic transport, emphasizing the severity of the emerging thread of plastic pollution on riverine ecosystems.
Segregation and potential functional impact of a rare stop-gain PABPC4L variant in familial atypical Parkinsonism
Authors: Aslam Muhammad , Ullah Anwar , Paramasivam Nagarajan , Kandasamy Nirosiya , Naureen Saima , Badshah Mazhar , Khan Kafaitullah , Wajid Muhammad , Abbasi Rashda , Eils Roland , Brockmann Marc A. , Schlesner Matthias , Ahmad Nafees , von Engelhardt Jakob
Published: September 2019

Atypical parkinsonian disorders (APDs) comprise a group of neurodegenerative diseases with heterogeneous clinical and pathological features. Most APDs are sporadic, but rare familial forms have also been reported. Epidemiological and post-mortem studies associated APDs with oxidative stress and cellular protein aggregates. Identifying molecular mechanisms that translate stress into toxic protein aggregation and neurodegeneration in APDs is an active area of research. Recently, ribonucleic acid (RNA) stress granule (SG) pathways were discussed to be pathogenically relevant in several neurodegenerative disorders including APDs. Using whole genome sequencing, mRNA expression analysis, transfection assays and cell imaging, we investigated the genetic and molecular basis of a familial neurodegenerative atypical parkinsonian disorder. We investigated a family with six living members in two generations exhibiting clinical symptoms consistent with atypical parkinsonism. Two affected family members suffered from parkinsonism that was associated with ataxia. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of these patients showed brainstem and cerebellar atrophy. Whole genome sequencing identified a heterozygous stop-gain variant (c.C811T; p.R271X) in the Poly(A) binding protein, cytoplasmic 4-like (PABPC4L) gene, which co-segregated with the disease in the family. In situ hybridization showed that the murine pabpc4l is expressed in several brain regions and in particular in the cerebellum and brainstem. To determine the functional impact of the stop-gain variant in the PABPC4L gene, we investigated the subcellular localization of PABPC4L in heterologous cells. Wild-type PABPC4L protein localized predominantly to the cell nucleus, in contrast to the truncated protein encoded by the stop-gain variant p.R271X, which was found homogeneously throughout the cell. Interestingly, the wild-type, but not the truncated protein localized to RasGAP SH3 domain Binding Protein (G3BP)-labeled cytoplasmic granules in response to oxidative stress induction. This suggests that the PABPC4L variant alters intracellular distribution and possibly the stress granule associated function of the protein, which may underlie APD in this family. In conclusion, we present genetic and molecular evidence supporting the role of a stop-gain PABPC4L variant in a rare familial APD. Our data shows that the variant results in cellular mislocalization and inability of the protein to associate with stress granules.
Glaucony authigenesis, maturity and alteration in the Weddell Sea: An indicator of paleoenvironmental conditions before the onset of Antarctic glaciation
Authors: López-Quirós Adrián , Escutia Carlota , Sánchez-Navas Antonio , Nieto Fernando , Garcia-Casco Antonio , Martín-Algarra Agustín , Evangelinos Dimitris , Salabarnada Ariadna
Published: September 2019

Three types of glaucony grains were identified in the late Eocene (~35.5–34.1 Ma) sediments from Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Hole 696B in the northwestern Weddell Sea (Antarctica). The grains are K2O-rich (~7 wt%) and formed by smectite-poor interstratified ~10 Å glauconite-smectite with flaky/rosette-shaped surface nanostructures. Two glaucony types reflect an evolved (types 1 and 2 glaucony; less mature to mature) stage and long term glauconitization, attesting to the glaucony grains being formedin situ, whereas the third type (type 3 glaucony) shows evidences of alteration and reworking from nearby areas. Conditions for the glaucony authigenesis occurred in an open-shelf environment deeper than 50 m, under sub-oxic conditions near the sediment-water interface. These environmental conditions were triggered by low sedimentation rates and recurrent winnowing action by bottom-currents, leading to stratigraphic condensation. The condensed glaucony-bearing section provides an overview of continuous sea-level rise conditions pre-dating the onset of Antarctic glaciation during the Eocene-Oligocene transition. Sediment burial, drop of O2levels, and ongoing reducing (postoxic to sulphidic) conditions at Hole 696B, resulting in iron-sulphide precipitation, were a key limiting factor for the glauconitization by sequestration of Fe2+.
Hexokinase is necessary for glucose-mediated photosynthesis repression and lipid accumulation in a green alga
Authors: Roth Melissa S. , Westcott Daniel J. , Iwai Masakazu , Niyogi Krishna K.
Published: September 2019

Global primary production is driven largely by oxygenic photosynthesis, with algae as major contributors. The green alga Chromochloris zofingiensis reversibly switches off photosynthesis in the presence of glucose in the light and augments production of biofuel precursors (triacylglycerols) and the high-value antioxidant astaxanthin. Here we used forward genetics to reveal that this photosynthetic and metabolic switch is mediated by the glycolytic enzyme hexokinase (CzHXK1). In contrast to wild-type, glucose-treated hxk1 mutants do not shut off photosynthesis or accumulate astaxanthin, triacylglycerols, or cytoplasmic lipid droplets. We show that CzHXK1 is critical for the regulation of genes related to photosynthesis, ketocarotenoid synthesis and fatty acid biosynthesis. Sugars play fundamental regulatory roles in gene expression, physiology, metabolism, and growth in plants and animals, and we introduce a relatively simple, emerging model system to investigate conserved eukaryotic sugar sensing and signaling at the base of the green lineage.
Auxiliary-assisted chemical ubiquitylation of NEMO and linear extension by HOIP
Authors: Burlina Fabienne , Abdel-Aal Abu-Baker M. , Raz Richard , Pinzuti Irene , Papageorgiou George , Li Jiejin , Antrobus Robin , Martin Stephen R. , Kunzelmann Simone , Stieglitz Benjamin , Offer John
Published: September 2019

The ubiquitylation of NF-κB essential modulator (NEMO) is part of the intracellular immune signalling pathway. Monoubiquitylated NEMO is required for exploring the mechanism of NEMO linear ubiquitylation by LUBAC (linear ubiquitin chain assembly complex), but is not accessible by biological techniques. Here we perform the chemical ubiquitylation of NEMO using a ligation auxiliary, which only requires a two-step synthesis, and is easily installed onto the lysine side-chain. Chemical ligation occurs directly on the lysine ε amine and remains efficient below pH 7. We show that ubiquitylated NEMO has similar affinity to linear di-ubiquitin chains as unmodified NEMO. The proximal ubiquitin of chemically synthesised NEMOCoZi-Ub is accepted as a substrate for linear extension by the (RING-Between-RING) RBR domain of HOIL-1-interacting protein (HOIP) alone. Our results indicate that NEMO linear ubiquitylation consists of two-steps, an initial priming event and a separate extension step requiring different LUBAC components.
Biomimetic drug delivery platforms based on mesenchymal stem cells impregnated with light-responsive submicron sized carriers
Authors: Muslimov Albert R. , Timin Alexander S. , Bichaykina Valery R. , Peltek Oleksii O. , Karpov Timofey E. , Dubavik Aliaksei , Nominé Alexandre , Ghanbaja Jaafar , Sukhorukov Gleb B. , Zyuzin Mikhail V.
Published: September 2019

Synthetic organic and inorganic carriers often have limitations associated with problematic targeting ability or non-optimized pharmacokinetics, and, therefore, they have restricted therapeutic potential.
Structure and magnetic properties of highly oriented LaBaCo2O5+δ films deposited on Si wafers with Pt/Ti buffer layer
Authors: Shaibo Jamal , Yang Rui , Wang Zhe , Huang He-Ming , He Hui-Kai , Zhang Qing-Yu , Guo Xin
Published: September 2019

High-quality crystalline LaBaCo2O5+δ films are successfully deposited on Si wafers with Pt/Ti buffer layer, and tunable electrical and magnetic properties are achieved.
Recent advances in carbon quantum dot (CQD)-based two dimensional materials for photocatalytic applications
Authors: Phang Sue Jiun , Tan Lling-Lling
Published: September 2019

This review presents up-to-date research findings and critical insights on trending topics of pristine CQDs and CQDs-based 2D nanomaterial composites.
Multi-color electrochromism from coordination nanosheets based on a terpyridine-Fe(ii) complex
Authors: Kuai Yu , Li Weijun , Dong Yujie , Wong Wai-Yeung , Yan Shuanma , Dai Yuyu , Zhang Cheng
Published: September 2019

A new metal complex electrochromic nanosheet with multiple color electrochromism, fast switching speed and excellent cyclic stability was prepared controllably by the liquid–liquid interface self-assembly method.
Inter-ligand intramolecular through-space anisotropic shielding in a series of manganese carbonyl phosphorous compounds
Authors: Kurtz Daniel A. , Dhakal Badrinath , McDonald Lauren T. , Nichol Gary S. , Felton Greg A. N.
Published: September 2019

Ring currents in aryl phosphine ligands yield intra-ligand anisotropic shielding on the bipyridine protons of up to 0.59 ppm.
Bi- and tridentate stannylphosphines and their coordination to low-valent platinum
Authors: Salazar-Díaz J. Jacobo , Muñoz-Hernández Miguel A. , Rufino-Felipe Ernesto , Flores-Alamo Marcos , Ramírez-Solís Alejandro , Montiel-Palma Virginia
Published: September 2019

Preferential cleavage of Sn–C sp3versus Sn–C sp2 bonds and establishment of trans influence trend SnMe3 > SnPh2(CH2R) > SnPh3 in platinum stannylphosphines.
Electronic transport properties in the stable phase of a cumulene/B7/cumulene molecular bridge investigated using density functional theory and a tight-binding method
Authors: Qasemnazhand Mohammad , Khoeini Farhad , Shekarforoush Sima
Published: September 2019

In this study, we first obtain the single-band tight-binding parameters of a B7 cluster in terms of matching the HOMO–LUMO levels obtained from density functional theory (DFT).
Environmentally friendly synthesis of unsymmetrical dialkyl disulfides by reacting organic halides with thiourea and sodium thiosulfate in an aqueous medium
Authors: Lu Xiaogang , Fu Feiyan , Gao Runli , Liu Haibo , Wang Hongmei , Xiao Junhua
Published: September 2019

The developed synthetic procedure is economical and environmentally friendly. It also avoids using toxic organic solvents, and an oxidant or a reductant.
A dimeric bicyclic RGD ligand displays enhanced integrin binding affinity and strong biological effects on U-373 MG glioblastoma cells
Authors: Sacco Giovanni , Dal Corso Alberto , Arosio Daniela , Belvisi Laura , Paolillo Mayra , Pignataro Luca , Gennari Cesare
Published: September 2019

AC2-symmetric dimeric bicyclic integrin ligand, bearing two RGD motifs, displays enhanced biological effects compared to monovalent RGD analogues.
Rh(iii)-Catalyzed C–H activation/annulation of salicylaldehydes with sulfoxonium ylides for the synthesis of chromones
Authors: Cai Libo , Zhu Xiaoyi , Chen Jiayi , Lin Aijun , Yao Hequan
Published: September 2019

A rhodium(iii)-catalyzed C–H activation/annulation of salicylaldehydes with sulfoxonium ylides has been developed for the formation of structurally diverse 2-substituted chromones.
Effect of blending sewage sludge with coal on combustion and ash slagging behavior
Authors: Guo Shuai , Yang Qiyao , Liang Honglin , Che Deyong , Liu Hongpeng , Sun Baizhong
Published: September 2019

Blending sewage sludge (SS) with Zhundong coal (ZDC) for combustion in coal-fired power plants is a recent approach that can alleviate the shortage of high-quality coal resources and achieve the harmless treatment of SS, while also having a significant influence on combustion and ash slagging.
Effects of polyols on the quality characteristics of sucrose-free milk chocolate produced in a ball mill
Authors: Rad Aziz Homayouni , Rasouli Pirouzian Haniyeh , Konar Nevzat , Toker Omer Said , Polat Derya Genc
Published: September 2019

Sucrose-free milk chocolates containing different types of bulk (isomalt, xylitol and maltitol) and high intensity (Stevia) sweeteners were produced by using a ball mill.
Identification of parameters needed for optimal anaerobic co-digestion of chicken manure and corn stover
Authors: Yan Yilong , Du Ziwen , Zhang Liqiu , Feng Li , Sun Dezhi , Dang Yan , Holmes Dawn E. , Smith Jessica A.
Published: September 2019

The effects of different initial substrate concentrations and CS : CM mixture ratios on co-digestion performance and microbial community structure were evaluated in this study.
In vitroandin silicodetermination of glutaminyl cyclase inhibitors
Authors: Tran Phuong-Thao , Hoang Van-Hai , Lee Jeewoo , Hien Tran Thi Thu , Tung Nguyen Thanh , Ngo Son Tung
Published: September 2019

Rational design of new hQC inhibitors.
Facile synthesis of 3-substituted imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines through formimidamide chemistry
Authors: Sivappa Rasapalli , Sammeta Vamshikrishna Reddy , Huang Yanchang , Golen James A. , Savinov Sergey N.
Published: September 2019

A facile entry to 3-substituted imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines from halides and 2-amino pyridines via formimidamide chemistry has been developed through a formal anti-Baldwin 5-endo-trig cyclization that becomes a thermally allowed 5-exo-trig cyclization.
Thermal unfolding and refolding of a lytic polysaccharide monooxygenase fromThermoascus aurantiacus
Authors: Singh Raushan K. , Blossom Benedikt M. , Russo D. A. , van Oort B. , Croce R. , Jensen P. E. , Felby C. , Bjerrum M. J.
Published: September 2019

TaLPMO9A regains its catalytic power after a thermal unfolding and refolding cycle.
Oxidative cyanation of N-aryltetrahydroisoquinoline induced by visible light for the synthesis of α-aminonitrile using potassium thiocyanate as a “CN” agent
Authors: Yi Bing , Yan Ning , Yi Niannian , Xie Yanjun , Wen Xiaoyong , Au Chak-Tong , Lan Donghui
Published: September 2019

A novel method for the synthesis of α-aminonitrile, through visible-light-induced oxidative cyanation of N-aryltetrahydroisoquinoline with potassium thiocyanate, has been developed.
Synthesis of novel functional ionic liquids and their application in biomass
Authors: Han Hui-Ying , Geng Xin , Zhang Bi-Xian , Meng Jing , Liu Xin , He Xin-Miao , Liu Zi-Guang , Gao Yun-Fei , Liu Di , Hu Xiao-Mei
Published: September 2019

A series of dicationic and monocationic ionic liquids (ILs) were synthesized and investigated and it was found that these functional ILs have important implications in the design of homogeneous and heterogeneous systems.
Lightweight and flexible MXene/CNF/silver composite membranes with a brick-like structure and high-performance electromagnetic-interference shielding
Authors: Xin Wei , Xi Guo-Qiang , Cao Wen-Tao , Ma Chang , Liu Tong , Ma Ming-Guo , Bian Jing
Published: September 2019

Flexible and lightweight MXene/CNF/silver composite membranes are vacuum filtered to form a high electromagnetic shielding material with a brick-like structure. The membranes have an excellent electromagnetic shielding performance of 50.7 dB.
Tuning the orientation of few-layer MoS2 films using one-zone sulfurization
Authors: Sojková Michaela , Vegso Karol , Mrkyvkova Nada , Hagara Jakub , Hutár Peter , Rosová Alica , Čaplovičová Mária , Ludacka Ursula , Skákalová Viera , Majková Eva , Siffalovic Peter , Hulman Martin
Published: September 2019

Schematic representation of the GIWAXS measurements on HA and VA MoS2 layers.
Bottom-up self-assembly of heterotrimeric nanoparticles and their secondary Janus generations
Authors: Fu Jianye , Gu Zhengying , Liu Yang , Zhang Jun , Song Hao , Yang Yannan , Yang Yang , Noonan Owen , Tang Jie , Yu Chengzhong
Published: September 2019

Designed Janus silica nanoparticles can stimulate stronger phagocytosis and exhibit higher cargo transport across an in vitro epithelial monolayer model mimicking the human intestinal epithelium.
Photopolymerized microdomains in both lipid leaflets establish diffusive transport pathways across biomimetic membranes
Authors: Makhoul-Mansour Michelle M. , El-Beyrouthy Joyce B. , Mumme Hope L. , Freeman Eric C.
Published: September 2019

Exchange governed by membrane structure within a network of aqueous subcompartments provides a foundation for materials inspired by cellular mechanics.
Silica aerogel composites with embedded fibres: a review on their preparation, properties and applications
Authors: Linhares Teresa , Pessoa de Amorim Maria T. , Durães Luisa
Published: September 2019

Silica aerogels are among the lightest solid materials but they are also very fragile. Fibres embedment is the most versatile and effective method to preserve a monolithic shape during drying, even at large scale, thus widening their applications.
Selective electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide to formic acid using indium–zinc bimetallic nanocrystals
Authors: Kwon Ik Seon , Debela Tekalign Terfa , Kwak In Hye , Seo Hee Won , Park Kidong , Kim Doyeon , Yoo Seung Jo , Kim Jin-Gyu , Park Jeunghee , Kang Hong Seok
Published: September 2019

Zn–In bimetallic nanocrystals exhibit excellent selectivity for electrochemical CO2reduction to HCOOH, whose efficiency is greatly enhanced with 5% In composition.
Light-confining semiconductor nanoporous anodic alumina optical microcavities for photocatalysis
Authors: Liu Lina , Lim Siew Yee , Law Cheryl Suwen , Jin Bo , Abell Andrew D. , Ni Gang , Santos Abel
Published: September 2019

An extensive study on the structural engineering of titanium dioxide-functionalized nanoporous anodic alumina optical microcavities (TiO2-NAA-μQVs) for photocatalysis enhanced by light confinement is presented.
Detection of target collagen peptides with single amino acid mutation using two fluorescent peptide probes
Authors: Sun Xiuxia , Yao Linyan , Fu Caihong , Luo Liting , Wang Jie , Xiao Jianxi
Published: September 2019

We have herein for the first time reported the development of a fluorescent self-quenching assay to detect target collagen peptides with a single amino acid mutation.
Understanding the impact of side-chains on photovoltaic performance in efficient all-polymer solar cells
Authors: Li Bin , Zhang Qilin , Dai Gaole , Fan Hua , Yuan Xin , Xu Yalong , Cohen-Kleinstein Ben , Yuan Jianyu , Ma Wanli
Published: September 2019

We performed side-chain fluorination and alkylthio substituent in a template conjugated polymer and further investigate their impact on polymer–polymer solar cell performance.
The role of excitons in 3D and 2D lead halide perovskites
Authors: Marongiu Daniela , Saba Michele , Quochi Francesco , Mura Andrea , Bongiovanni Giovanni
Published: September 2019

Excitons in lead halide perovskites often go unnoticed as minority species, yet they account for almost all of light emission.
π-Extension of electron-accepting dithiarubicene with a cyano-substituted electron-withdrawing group and application in air-stable n-channel organic field effect transistors
Authors: Tsukamoto Kenji , Takagi Koji , Nagano Shusaku , Hara Mitsuo , Ie Yutaka , Osakada Kohtaro , Takeuchi Daisuke
Published: September 2019

New π-extended dithiarubicene derivatives were synthesized for application in n-type organic semiconductors.
Influence of the Yarkovsky force on Jupiter Trojan asteroids
Authors: Hellmich S. , Mottola S. , Hahn G. , Kührt E. , de Niem D.
Published: September 2019

Aims.We investigate the influence of the Yarkovsky force on the long-term orbital evolution of Jupiter Trojan asteroids.

Methods.Clones of the observed population with different sizes and different thermal properties were numerically integrated for 1 Gyr with and without the Yarkovsky effect. The escape rate of these objects from the Trojan region as well as changes in the libration amplitude, eccentricity, and inclination were used as a metric of the strength of the Yarkovsky effect on the Trojan orbits.

Results.Objects with radiiR≤ 1 km are significantly influenced by the Yarkovsky force. The effect causes a depletion of these objects over timescales of a few hundred million years. As a consequence, we expect the size-frequency distribution of small Trojans to show a shallower slope than that of the currently observable population (R≳ 1 km), with a turning point betweenR= 100 m andR= 1 km. The effect of the Yarkovsky acceleration on the orbits of Trojans depends on the sense of rotation in a complex way. The libration amplitude of prograde rotators decreases with time while the eccentricity increases. Retrograde rotators experience the opposite effect, which results in retrograde rotators being ejected faster from the 1:1 resonance region. Furthermore, for objects affected by the Yarkovsky force, we find indications that the effect tends to smooth out the differences in the orbital distribution between the two clouds.
A minimum entropy principle in the compressible multicomponent Euler equations
Authors: Gouasmi Ayoub , Duraisamy Karthik , Murman Scott M. , Tadmor Eitan
Published: September 2019

In this work, the space of admissible entropy functions for the compressible multicomponent Euler equations is explored, following up on Harten (J. Comput. Phys. 49 (1983) 151–164). This effort allows us to prove a minimum entropy principle on entropy solutions, whether smooth or discrete, in the same way it was originally demonstrated for the compressible Euler equations by Tadmor (Appl. Numer. Math. 49 (1986) 211–219).
Bilateral Tibial Tubercle Avulsion Fractures in Children – Clinical Results of a Rare Fracture
Authors: Fernandez Fernandez Francisco , Eberhardt Oliver , Schröter Steffen , Wirth Thomas , Ihle Christoph
Published: September 2019

Background Tibial tubercle avulsion fractures are rare, they represent less than 1% of all physeal fractures. Compared to monolateral tibial tubercle avulsion fractures, bilateral occurrence is even rarer. The purpose of this study is to report about the so far largest group of bilateral avulsion fractures and to compare them to unilateral fractures as well as to current literature.

Method All patients who suffered from bilateral tibial tubercle fractures between January 2009 and March 2019 were included. All medical records and radiographs were reviewed and a clinical follow-up was performed. The examined criteria were age, gender, mechanism of injury, classification, risk factors, complications, management and outcomes. Clinical outcome was measured using the well established Tegner activity scale and Lysholm-Gillquist score. The same criteria were analyzed in a literature review of bilateral tibial tubercle fractures to compare our results to available literature.

Results We found four children with bilateral tibial tubercle avulsion fractures. All patients were male with a mean age of 14.5 ± 0.7 years (13 – 15). Mean follow-up examination was 13.6 ± 6.5 months (8 – 29) after surgery. The avulsions occurred during jumping activities in all cases. All children could no longer stand or move because of sudden pain in the knee. We found type IV fractures in three cases, type III fractures in four cases and one type V fracture according to the Ogden classification. All children were treated by open or closed reduction and stabilization with screws or K-wires. Follow-up showed complete fracture healing without complications in all patients. There were no changes in Tegner activity scale and Lysholm-Gillquist Score and knee function comparable to prior to the accident was achieved in all cases.

Conclusion Good clinical results without restrictions regarding function of the knee joint can be achieved by direct operative treatment of bilateral tibial avulsion fractures. A reduction in sporting activity has not to be expected. There were no differences between bilateral or unilateral tibial tubercle avulsion fractures.
Positionspapier der Deutschen Röntgengesellschaft und der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Pneumologie und Beatmungsmedizin zu einem qualitätsgesicherten Früherkennungsprogramm des Lungenkarzinoms mittels Niedrigdosis-CT
Authors: Herth F. J. F. , Reinmuth N. , Wormanns D. , Antoch G. , Biederer J. , Vogel-Claussen J. , Kauczor H.-U. , Pfeifer M. ,   Vorstand der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Pneumologie und Beatmungsmedizin,   Vorstand der Deutschen Röntgengesellschaft
Published: September 2019

Seit dem letzten gemeinsamen Positionspapier der Deutschen Röntgengesellschaft und der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Pneumologie und Beatmungsmedizin im Jahr 2011 hat sich die Datenlage zur Lungenkrebsfrüherkennung mit Niedrigdosis-CT deutlich erweitert und in der 2018 revidierten S3-Leitlinie Lungenkarzinom wird eine schwache Empfehlung zur Lungenkrebsfrüherkennung mit Niedrigdosis-CT in einem qualitätsgesicherten Früherkennungsprogramm ausgesprochen. Diese neuen Entwicklungen erforderten eine Neupositionierung der beteiligten Fachgesellschaften. Das vorliegende Positionspapier beschreibt Grundzüge eines qualitätsgesicherten Früherkennungsprogramms für Lungenkrebs in Deutschland.