bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Om tankebilledet i Grundtvigs sidste digt
Authors: Michelsen William
Published: September 2020

About the Thought-Image in Grundtvig’s Last PoemBy William MichelsenThe article is a contribution to the on-going debate about the interpretation of a hardly legible line in Grundtvig’s last poem, .Old Enough I Now Have Grown. (Grundtvig Studier, 1994, p. 107).In last year’s Grundtvig Studier, FI. Lundgreen Nielsen argues in favour of the reading .Soul-Ferry-Prow., understanding the phrase as determined by .a reversed Charon myth, the antique ferryman having been replaced by the Spirit of God, and his barge pole by the compass of God’s word. (Grundtvig Studier, 1994, p. 116).Thus, with some support in Bent Noack’s interpretation (Vartovbogen, 1993), FI. Lundgreen-Nielsen can read the poem as pervaded by maritime images. William Michelsen agrees on this point, but objects to the understanding of Grundtvig’s last poem as a reversed Charon myth. Instead William Michelsen reads the poem as an example of Grundtvig’s use of the symbol world of Nordic mythology in his personal Christian poetry. Grundtvig expresses his thoughts in poetry, and thus a thought image arises. The decisive feature of the thought image in this poem is precisely that it contradicts the Charon image, i.e. the notion that man’s death is a journey to the land of the dead. To Grundtvig, the sea is usually not an image of death, but an image of history, of human life. In Grundtvig’s view, death does not mean that life comes to an end, but death means a dangerous journey, since it takes man either towards the land of the dead or the heavenly harbour. In accordance with the old world picture, the firmament is close to the earth, encircling the horizon. In Nordic mythology, the inhabited land was surrounded by the ocean, separating the earth from the land of the dead, Hel or Valhalla. Thus William Michelsen defines the poem not just as a »song of farewell«, but as a poem expressing a view of life, applicable to every Christian. Instead of »Soul-Ferry-Prow«, Grundtvig’s son Svend Grundtvig reads the difficult line as »Soul-Eye-Prow«, which would make the poem into an exclusively personal poem. William Michelsen does not reject this personal interpretation, but sees the ship as the nave, the »church ship«, the Christian church, where the Spirit of God is the master mariner, and where many people, the whole of Christendom, together with Grundtvig, are on board. Usually Grundtvig sees the church in terms of a house, and not until now, during the composition of this poem, does he see the church as a ship, steered by the Spirit of God to ensure that the church reaches the »Heavenly Harbour« - this being emphasized by the masculine ending of the last stanza but one. The poem is an expression of Grundtvig’s Christian interpretation of the existential situation of man facing death.
Grundtvigs optegnelser med titlen: Irenæus. Transkriberet og kommenteret
Authors: Kiel Ulla
Published: September 2020

Grundtvig’s Notes Entitled IrenæusBy Vila KielIn 1824 Grundtvig bought a book at an auction, written by Irenaeus, the Church Father, namely ≫Adversus Haereses≪ (Against Heresies). Grundtvig published a translation of the 5th Book of this work in 1827 under the title ≫On the Resurrection of the Body and its Share in God’s Kingdom≪There is further written evidence of Grundtvig’s interest in Irenaeus. Thus the Manuscript Archives in The Royal Library has a number of notes written by Grundtvig. They are marked ≫Irenaeus≪ and are brief extracts and summaries of the 1st, 3rd and 4th Book of Irenaeus’s work ≫Against Heresies≪.The extracts and summaries show that Grundtvig was highly preoccupied with the Apostles’ Creed and its significance. Irenaeus calls the Creed ≫the rule of truth≪.It lays down guidelines for the interpretation of the Scriptures. It was characteristic of the heretics against whom his books are directed, that they interpreted the Bible arbitrarily. Ireneus has delightful examples of how such arbitrary use of the Bible may manifest itself. They behave as if one tears a beautiful picture of a king to pieces and then puts the pieces together again at random. The result is the picture of a fox! The reason is that a poor artist has been at work. He who does not know the original picture may thus be tricked into believing that the picture of the fox represents the king. He who knows the original picture will be able to recognize the pieces of the original work of art and will know that they have been put wrongly together.Grundtvig found that a similar use of the Bible occurred among the scholars of his own time. In 1825 he published ≫The Rejoinder of the Church≪, the polemical pamphlet against Professor H.N. Clausen. He dated it Irenaei Day which, according to the University Almanac, is the 26th of August.The dating in itself indicates Grundtvig’s interest in Irenaeus in this connection. Grundtvig’s notes may well belong in the same context.
Grundtvig og Gammel Testamente - den danske Bibel eller Septuaginta
Authors: Thodberg Christian
Published: September 2020

Grundtvig and the Old Testament - the Danish Bible or the SeptuagintBy Christian ThodbergThe article begins with an account of Grundtvig’s attitude to the Old Testament (OT). Gmndtvig does not have to presuppose the New Testament when dealing with OT, but can read it freely: it is the same God that acts in both books of the Bible, though in different ways, according to how he leads and maintains his people. The same freedom finds expression in Gmndtvig’s sermons where he moves about effortlessly in the whole of the Biblical universe.Some of these sermons are dominated by a solemn, Old Testament tone, especially those that follow a triadic stmcture: first the Old Testament prophecy is mentioned, in the middle its fulfilment in and with the coming of Christ is described, and finally follows the most important part, the fulfilment of the prophecy in the present, Grundtvig not failing to place his activity in the centre - but as a stage, naturally, in the course of the history of salvation.In Grundtvig’s hymns, too, this structure recurs, as in Blomstre som en Rosengaard, in which the triadic structure is connected with the so-called Vstructure, the right side of the »V« of the hymn describing the fulfilment of the prophecy. By means of the V-structure Thodberg shows how baptism is the focus of the hymn, and also that in his interpretation of Isaiah 35 as a prediction of baptism Grundtvig leans on the Septuagint rather than the contemporary Danish Bible translation. In the Danish Hymn Book, Blomstre som en Rosengaard is only a torso - baptism is not the essential thing here.The article mentions a number of other examples of influence from the Septuagint on Grundtvig’s hymns and sermons. Among these the hymn Hyggelig, rolig stands out since it contains a large number of phrases that refer to the Septuagint. This applies to stanza 4 in which Grundtvig shows how even the person most troubled by doubts and most deeply bereaved will have a foretaste of the Kingdom of God when approaching Heaven in his or her heart on the tone ladder of songs of praise. This is a rendering of Psalm 84 in the Septuagint. The article concludes that from the 1830s Grundtvig makes extensive use of the Septuagint when quoting from OT. The background is that Grundtvig regarded the Septuagint as more poetical than the Danish translation from 1736, and - more importantly - that in preferring the Septuagint Grundtvig follows Irenaeus by relying on the Bible of the New Testament and the Old Church.
N. F. S. Grundtvig og »Rationalisterne« i årene 1825-32
Authors: Rasmussen Jens
Published: September 2020

Grundtvig and the »Rationalists« in the Years 1825-32 - Views and DevelopmentBy Jens RasmussenThe article describes the development of Grundtvig’s view of the Church and of Baptism in the debate with the »Rationalists« in the period 1825-32, and not least Grundtvig’s positive promise to his readers, made in »Kirkens Gienmæle« (The Rejoinder of the Church), of a historical proof of the origin of the Apostles’ Creed in the Christian Church.In the entire conflict with his opponents - not least the Clausen family - Grundtvig described the leading theologians and clergymen as »Rationalists«, a much too unsubtle term which eventually came to preclude others from understanding what was his real purpose. Both moderate forces and prominent university scholars such as Professor H.N. Clausen had emphasized the overall importance of the Scriptures, in relation to the tradition and historical evidence of the Church.But not so Grundtvig. A distinct development in Grundtvig’s church view had taken place since 1825, with the discovery of the Church, partly as existing before Scripture, which assigns a special significance to Baptism and Communion, and partly as a community bound to the Apostolic Creed. In Grundtvig’s treatises in »Theologisk Maanedsskrift« (Theological Monthly) after »Kirkens Gienmæle« in 1825, his whole church view found its conclusion as early as 1828 in an understanding of the unchangeability of the baptismal covenant - everything was given already in Baptism through baptismal faith and baptismal covenant. Kaj Thaning dates this development conclusively to 1832, but it happens gradually already in the first years after the publication of »Kirkens Gienmæle«.In the years following 1825, Grundtvig showed uncertainty with regard to a historical proof, since the historical church evidence behind the Scriptures eluded ordinary historical demonstration. It was not a matter of a historical proof. A precondition, however, was the historical perspective: the living oral confession carried unbroken through time. It did not primarily have to do with history, but with the Church. The main emphasis was on »our Confession of Faith in Baptism«. What was essential was the defenceless Word from the Lord’s own mouth, as it was heard by everyone in the renunciation and faith of the baptismal covenant. Grundtvig came to recognize that the layman’s confession of faith in Baptism was »det ægte christelige« (genuine Christianity)- In the ritual debate of the 1830s - not least in the controversy over the baptismal ritual - Grundtvig maintained these views, and the line of development goes back to 1825.
Om folkehøjskolernes krise i dag
Authors: Michelsen William
Published: September 2020

About the folk high school's crisis todayVartovbogen 1997. Edited by Anna Bojsen-Møller, Jørgen Carlsen og E. Jakob Petersen. Kirkeligt Samfunds Forlag, København, 160 sider, 100 kr.Reviewed by William Michelsen
Grundtvig-Konference i Indien
Authors: Bugge K. E.
Published: September 2020

A Grundtvig-Conference in IndiaBy K.E. BuggeIn January 1999 an international Grundtvig-conference was held in India. The venue was Jadavpur University, Calcutta. Since time immemorial Calcutta has been a seat of learning.Not only the classical religious texts were studied, but for more than 200 years the intellectuals of Calcutta have also been deeply involved in social and political issues. In the middle of the 19th century this blend of culture, scholarship and social reforms inspired a series of initiatives aiming at providing improved educational opportunities for the backward sections of society. The educational efforts of Jadavpur University (established 1956) must be understood in this perspective.
Grundtvigs krise i foråret 1844. Forholdet mellem prædiken og salme med henblik på “Sov sødt, Barnlille”
Authors: Thodberg Christian
Published: September 2020

Grundtvigs krise i foråret 1844: Forholdet mellem prædiken og salme med henblik pa “Sov sodt barnlille ”[Grundtvig’s crisis in Spring 1844: The Relationship between sermon and hymn with reference to “Sov sodt barnlille ” ( “Sleep sweet, my baby) ”]By Chr. ThodbergIn Spring 1844 Gr was struck down by depression associated with an attack of mumps [parotitis epidemica] which in its final phase developed into inflammation of the brain. His handwriting became small and frail. In the period towards Easter, a number of his sermons were taken on in turn by friends and followers, and the illness reached its peak in the weeks following Easter, and elicited an unreasonable criticism from Bishop J. P. Mynster, who accused Gr of dereliction of duty because he had difficulty in keeping up with his services. Gr’s debilitation culminates in a deep spiritual crisis on the Third Sunday after Easter. The words of Jesus, that in “a little while” he will leave the disciples and in “a little while” will see them again (John 16,16) Gr made into his own words: he was going to die and was now being laid in the bosom of God and the congregation and he would first meet again in God’s kingdom. And three days later he took his leave of the congregation in the form of a sermon in which he summed up his Christian endeavours as his last word and testament. On 3 May he set off with the family on a convalescence-visit to various clerical friends, and during this period almost the whole of “Sov sødt, barnlille” was written, verse by verse, in a fascinating process. His sermon of the Third Sunday after Easter had already set the tone and reinforced a particular context in the baptismal ritual which Gr used, namely the transition from the Gospel-reading concerning Jesus and the little children (Mark 10,13-16) and its conclusion (“And he took them up in his arms, put [his] hands upon them, and blessed them”) on the one side, and, on the other side, the priest’s laying on of hands with the Lord’s Prayer - in combination, an expression of consolation in the midst of assailing doubt and fear of death. Within the same period of time, the hymn became known to Gr’s followers and was construed and taken to heart as the most popular of evening hymns.
Education for the people: Concepts of Grundtvig, Tagore, Gandhi and Freire. Translated by John Stanley Martin
Authors: Wåhlin Vagn , Pedersen Kim Arne
Published: September 2020

Uddannelse for folk: Koncept af Grundtvig, Tagore, Gandhi og Freire.Anmeldt af Vagn Wåhling og Kim Arne Pedersen; oversat af John Stanley Martin
Tilføjelse til “Grundtvig og censuren” i Grundtvig-Studier 2007
Authors: Lundgreen-Nielsen Flemming
Published: September 2020

Tilføjelse til “Grundtvig og censuren ” i Grundtvig-Studier 2007[Supplement to “Grundtvig and censorship ” in Grundtvig-Studier 2007]By Flemming Lundgreen-NielsenThe supplement to “Grundtvig and censorship” in Grundtvig-Studier 2007 (44-90; 281) presents the discovery that Grundtvig’s idea from 1831 about an age limit for young writers may have been influenced by Ludvig Holberg’s description of academic restrictions in the fictitious state of Potu in his Latin novel Niels Kliim, 1741, chapter 8, recycled in his essay Epistle No. 395, 1750. A polite protest against Holberg by C. B. Tullin was published posthumously in 1773, emphasising the freedom of printing and the advantage of competition among writers. Grundtvig regrets his strange elitist conception already in 1836, but the point may be that he has in fact been inspired to some of his discussions on education and freedom of speech and printing by leading writers from the Danish Enlightenment of the eighteenth century in spite of his often proclaimed general dissociation from that period.
Vagn Wåhlin in memoriam
Authors: Pedersen Kim Arne
Published: September 2020

Im memory of Vang WåhlinBy Kim Arne Pedersen
Hal Koch, Grundtvig and the rescue of the Danish Jews: A case study in the democratic mobilisation for non-violent resistance
Authors: Borish Steven
Published: September 2020

Hal Koch, Grundtvig and the rescue of the Danish Jews: A case study in the democratic mobilisation for non-violent resistance[Hal Koch, Grundtvig og redningen af de danske jøder: Et case study i demokratisk mobilisering af ikke-voldelig modstand]Af Steven BorishDet danske folks mobilisering af en ikke-voldelig “kulturmodstand” mod den nazistiske besættelse (1940-1945) kulminerede i en redningsaktion, der fandt sted i efteråret 1943, hvor de lykkedes at fa bragt 7.220 af de omkring 7.800 jøder, som på det tidspunkt befandt sig i Danmark, i sikkerhed i det neutrale Sverige. I de aktiviteter, der blev iværksat efter invasionen den 9. april 1940 - specielt i løbet af sommeren 1940 og de følgende år - spillede den karismatiske leder Hal Koch, og gennem ham hans mindeværdige forgænger i det nittende århundrede, N. F. S. Grundtvig, en central rolle. Disse bemærkelsesværdige hændelser i Danmark bør indarbejdes ikke blot i dansk historieskrivning, men også i den verdensomspændende historieskrivning om demokratiske, nationale mål nået med ikke-voldelige midler.
Jakob Balling in memoriam
Authors: Jensen Søren
Published: September 2020

In memory of Jakob BallingBy Søren Jensen
Grundtvig og David
Authors: Solten Therese Bering
Published: September 2020

Grundtvig and DavidBy Therese Bering Solten
Den inderlige deltagelse
Authors: Frøkjær Baunvig Katrine
Published: September 2020

Den inderlige deltagelseKatrine Frøkjær BaunvigDevoted ParticipationGrundtvig’s liturgical focal point was congregants’ devoted participation in the joint singing of hymns during the Sunday Service. In his opinion the outcome of the song was manifold. He observed first that by arousing the congregation singing tightened emotional bonds. He also saw that the collective and physical experience was the foundation upon which the individual congregant prepared him- or herself emotionally for accepting the beliefs held within the historically saturated Christian semantic universe of the hymn texts. These observations constitute the backbone of the anti-aesthetic and pragmatic views on hymnal song that Grundtvig explicated in his academic writings in the 1820’s and onwards. He implicitely integrated these points into the hymns. In his emphasis on collective and “devoted participation,” he anticipates a subject that sociologist of religion and ritual scholar Émile Durkheim would half a century later scientifically and theoretically elaborate under the name “collective effervescence.”
Grundtvigs vej til Saxo
Authors: Lundgreen-Nielsen Flemming
Published: September 2020

This article documents Grundtvig’s path to the works of Saxo Grammaticusfrom around 1787, when he was taught to read by his strongwilledmother, and until departure from Saxo after completing his translationof Saxo’s chronicle in 1823. An overview of this period focuses onthe significant dates, book titles, and other points of interest that mark hisinterest in the medieval clerical scribe’s work. Attention then turns to thefact that, after 1823, Grundtvig never seriously returned to study of Saxo’sideas, nor did he ever try to reproduce his silver age Roman style in theDanish language. For a very short while, Grundtvig thought about butnever followed through on a continuation of a history of Denmark fromwhere Saxo stopped (viz. in 1186). Though Grundtvig’s preoccupationwith Saxo lasted for the rest of his life, he preferred the Icelandic tongueinstead of Latin and believed that Norse mythology was a more fertilefield than Latin for discoveries about the national history of the Danes.The present survey of these key points in how Grundtvig viewed andevaluated Saxo also supplements previous scholarly treatments of stylisticlinguisticanalyses of Grundtvig’s youth translation of Saxo.
Meddelelser fra Grundtvig-Selskabet af 8. september 1947
Authors: Holm Anders
Published: September 2020

Grundtvig-Selskabets årsmøde 2015 blev afholdt torsdag den 19. novemberi Vartov med Thorstein Balle som dirigent.
Anmeldelser: Hartvig Nissen som grundtvigianer
Authors: Møller Jes Fabricius
Published: September 2020

Merethe Roos, Hartvig Nissen. Grundtvigianer, skandinav, skolemann, CappelenDamm Akademisk 2019, 282 sider.
Gustav Albeck: Omkring Grundtvigs digtsamlinger.
Authors: Borup Morten
Published: September 2020

Gustav Albeck: Grundtvigs Collections of Poems. Studies of Grundtvig s Lyrical Writings, 1808—1816. By Morten Borup. The writings of Danish scholars have hitherto thrown light upon Grundtvig chiefly as a father of the church, a scholar, and the founder of the Folk High- School. It is therefore a cause for great satisfaction that Gustav Albeck, Ph. D., who is a reader at Aarhus University and well known for his research work on Grundtvig’s writings, has in a comprehensive work begun a description of Grundtvig’s earliest published collections of secular poems, which, it is to be hoped, will be continued. Dr. Albeck’s book contains specially interesting information on two points: the surprisingly high opinion which Grundtvig had of the contemporary poet, Jens Baggesen, and his connections with Norway, which until 1814 was united with Denmark. It was a hard blow for Grundtvig when the Union with this closely-related country was repealed. In the years immediately before this happened he had cherised well-founded hopes of obtaining a post in Norway: first as a professor at the newly-established University in Christiania, and, when this hope failed, in a more modest position as a clergyman in a parish just outside the capital. In his published collections of poems dating from these years the oscillations in his feelings toward the Norwegian people are mirrored: his intense glorification of them gives way to deep disappointment, and it is only in a later period that he is in a position to yield full understanding to the neighbouring kingdom.
Одюбон из Находки: жизнь Игоря Любимова, "Природа"
Authors: Квартальнов П.В.
Published: September 2020

Игорь Дмитриевич Любимов (1911-1990) - специалист в области рыбной промышленности, работавший на берегах Японского моря. Талантливый художник-самоучка, Любимов создал коллекцию рисунков рыб и других животных - обитателей дальневосточных морей. Многоцветные работы, запечатлевшие животных в натуральную величину, не были опубликованы при жизни художника и оставались практически неизвестными до последнего времени, пока серия работ Любимова не была случайно найдена на биологическом факультете Московског государственного университета имени М.В.Ломоносова.
О нелинейной динамике линз средиземноморской воды «медди», "Фундаментальная и прикладная гидрофизика"
Authors: Бенилов А.Ю. , Сафрай А. С. , Филюшкин Б.Н. , Кожелупова Н.Л.
Published: September 2020

Линзы средиземноморской воды, также известные как «медди», хорошо различимы в воде Атлантического океана. Полевые наблюдения, посвященные изучению «медди», представлены в многочисленных публикациях и предоставляют информацию об их происхождении, распределении, пространственных масштабах и динамической активности во времени. Солевые пальцы и двойная диффузия на верхних и нижних границах «медди» могут рассматриваться как единственные механизмы, вызывающие исчезновение «медди», как мезомасштабные термально-соленые неоднородности в окружающих водах Атлантического океана. Принимая во внимание реалистичные масштабы «медди», показано, что во временных масштабах около или менее года масса воды «медди» может считаться неизменной. Отсюда следует, что на временных масштабах менее или порядка года для «медди» справедлив закон сохранения их полной массы. Анализ временной изменчивости «медди» проводится с использованием теоретического подхода для интрузионной линзы в стратифицированной жидкости, расширенного учётом силы Кориолиса. Центр тяжести рассматриваемых «медди» находится на уровне равной плотности. Временная изменчивость возникает из-за результирующего воздействия набора сил: избыточного давления, возникающего из-за разницы в плотности воды внутри линз средиземноморской воды и плотности окружающей среды; сил, возникающих как из-за вращения линзы (центробежная сила), так и вращения Земли (сила Кориолиса); сил, вызванных излучением внутренней волны и действием вязкости. Временная изменчивость линз средиземноморской воды состоит из двух основных этапов: 1) начальная, невязкая стадия («молодая линза»), когда баланс сил формируется силами инерции, избыточного давления, центробежной силы, силы Кориолиса и силы волнового сопротивления, вызванного излучением внутренней волны; сила Кориолиса является ключевым фактором, поддерживающим и сохраняющим компактность антициклонических линз средиземноморской воды, «медди»; она предотвращает разрушение линз средиземноморской воды, ограничивает их геометрические размеры, влияет на изменение угловой скорости линзы. Циклонические линзы средиземноморской воды дестабилизируются силой Кориолиса, их толщина уменьшается со временем, и при определенных условиях линзы средиземноморской воды могут исчезнуть как аномалии плотности уже на этой стадии; 2) стадия вязкости («старая линза») характеризуется медленным уменьшением толщины линз средиземноморской воды до ее предельного значения, которое определяется начальной толщиной и начальной стратификацией линз средиземноморской воды, а также стратификацией окружающей среды; в течение последнего периода вязкой стадии обмен теплом и соленостью с окружающей водной массой может, на характерных временных масштабах около года, существенно влиять на вырождение линз средиземноморской воды как аномалии плотности; на этой стадии антициклонические линзы средиземноморской воды, «медди», продолжают иметь антициклоническое вращение.
Mediating Role of Job Satisfaction on Internal Corporate Social Responsibility Practices and Employee Engagement in Higher Education Sector
Authors: Hossen Md. Monir , Chan Tak Jie , Mohd Hasan Nurul Ain
Published: September 2020

The study aims to investigate the relationship between internal corporate social responsibility (ICSR) practices and employee engagement through job satisfaction as a mediating variable. The ICSR dimensions are comprised of employee empowerment, education and training, employment stability, as well as a working environment. This study is based on the social exchange theory to explore the relationship between the above factors and ICSR. In this study, purposive sampling was adopted. A quantitative (survey) method was employed, generating 93 valid responses. The data was then analyzed using Partial Least Square Structural Equation Modelling through Smart-PLS 3.0. The results revealed that ICSR practices, namely employee empowerment, and employment stability contributed positively to job satisfaction. However, training & education and working environment were found not significant to job satisfaction. In addition, job satisfaction has a positive influence on employee engagement. The results of the study found that except for training, education, and the work environment, job satisfaction mediates the relationship between ICSR practices and employee engagement. Conclusion, implications of the findings, and suggestions for future study are also discussed.
Quivers for 3-manifolds: the correspondence, BPS states, and 3d $$ \mathcal{N} $$ = 2 theories
Authors: Kucharski Piotr
Published: September 2020

Abstract

We introduce and explore the relation between quivers and 3-manifolds with the topology of the knot complement. This idea can be viewed as an adaptation of the knots-quivers correspondence to Gukov-Manolescu invariants of knot complements (also known as FK or $$ \hat{Z} $$

Z
̂

). Apart from assigning quivers to complements of T(2,2p+1) torus knots, we study the physical interpretation in terms of the BPS spectrum and general structure of 3d $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 2 theories associated to both sides of the correspondence. We also make a step towards categorification by proposing a t-deformation of all objects mentioned above.
One-loop correlators and BCJ numerators from forward limits
Authors: Edison Alex , He Song , Schlotterer Oliver , Teng Fei
Published: September 2020

Abstract

We present new formulas for one-loop ambitwistor-string correlators for gauge theories in any even dimension with arbitrary combinations of gauge bosons, fermions and scalars running in the loop. Our results are driven by new all-multiplicity expressions for tree-level two-fermion correlators in the RNS formalism that closely resemble the purely bosonic ones. After taking forward limits of tree-level correlators with an additional pair of fermions/bosons, one-loop correlators become combinations of Lorentz traces in vector and spinor representations. Identities between these two types of traces manifest all supersymmetry cancellations and the power counting of loop momentum. We also obtain parity-odd contributions from forward limits with chiral fermions. One-loop numerators satisfying the Bern-Carrasco-Johansson (BCJ) duality for diagrams with linearized propagators can be extracted from such correlators using the well-established tree-level techniques in Yang-Mills theory coupled to biadjoint scalars. Finally, we obtain streamlined expressions for BCJ numerators up to seven points using multiparticle fields.
Three dimensional pure gravity and generalized Hecke operators
Authors: Ashrafi M.
Published: September 2020

Abstract

In this paper, we study mathematical functions of relevance to pure gravity in AdS3. Modular covariance places stringent constraints on the space of such functions; modular invariance places even stronger constraints on how they may be combined into physically viable candidate partition functions. We explicitly detail the list of holomorphic and anti-holomorphic functions that serve as candidates for chiral and anti-chiral partition functions and note that modular covariance is only consistent with such functions when the left (resp. right) central charge is an integer multiple of 8, c ∈ 8ℕ. We then find related constraints on the symmetry group of the corresponding topological, Chern-Simons, theory in the bulk of AdS. The symmetry group of the theory can be one of two choices: either SO(2; 1) × SO(2; 1) or its three-fold diagonal cover. We introduce the generalized Hecke operators which map the modular covariant functions to the modular covariant functions. With these mathematical results, we obtain conjectural partition functions for extremal CFT2s, and the corresponding microcanonical entropies, when the chiral central charges are multiples of eight. Finally, we compute subleading corrections to the Beckenstein-Hawking entropy in the bulk gravitational theory with these conjectural partition functions.
Phase transitions in perturbative walking dynamics
Authors: Azatov Aleksandr , Vanvlasselaer Miguel
Published: September 2020

Abstract

In this paper, we investigate the dynamics of the confinement-deconfinement phase transition in a toy model where the walking dynamics is realized perturbatively. We study the properties of the phase transition focusing on the possible cosmological signatures it can provide. Interestingly the model is well under perturbative control only when the mass of the lightest field — the dilaton/scalon is much lighter than the rest of the fields and the phase transition proceeds slowly leading to strong signals in the stochastic gravitational wave spectrum.
Dark matter bound-state formation at higher order: a non-equilibrium quantum field theory approach
Authors: Binder Tobias , Blobel Burkhard , Harz Julia , Mukaida Kyohei
Published: September 2020

Abstract

The formation of meta-stable dark matter bound states in coannihilating scenarios could efficiently occur through the scattering with a variety of Standard Model bath particles, where light bosons during the electroweak cross over or even massless photons and gluons are exchanged in the t-channel. The amplitudes for those higher-order processes, however, are divergent in the collinear direction of the in- and out-going bath particles if the mediator is massless. To address the issue of collinear divergences, we derive the bound-state formation collision term in the framework of non-equilibrium quantum field theory. The main result is an expression for a more general cross section, which allows to compute higher-order bound-state formation processes inside the primordial plasma background in a comprehensive manner. Based on this result, we show that next-to-leading order contributions, including the bath-particle scattering, are i) collinear finite and ii) generically dominate over the on-shell emission for temperatures larger than the absolute value of the binding energy. Based on a simplified model, we demonstrate that the impact of these new effects on the thermal relic abundance is significant enough to make it worthwhile to study more realistic coannihilation scenarios.
Intercellular trafficking via plasmodesmata: molecular layers of complexity
Authors: Li Ziqiang Patrick , Paterlini Andrea , Glavier Marie , Bayer Emmanuelle M.
Published: September 2020

Plasmodesmata are intercellular pores connecting together most plant cells. These structures consist of a central constricted form of the endoplasmic reticulum, encircled by some cytoplasmic space, in turn delimited by the plasma membrane, itself ultimately surrounded by the cell wall. The presence and structure of plasmodesmata create multiple routes for intercellular trafficking of a large spectrum of molecules (encompassing RNAs, proteins, hormones and metabolites) and also enable local signalling events. Movement across plasmodesmata is finely controlled in order to balance processes requiring communication with those necessitating symplastic isolation. Here, we describe the identities and roles of the molecular components (specific sets of lipids, proteins and wall polysaccharides) that shape and define plasmodesmata structural and functional domains. We highlight the extensive and dynamic interactions that exist between the plasma/endoplasmic reticulum membranes, cytoplasm and cell wall domains, binding them together to effectively define plasmodesmata shapes and purposes.
Interobserver reliability of the Gehweiler classification and treatment strategies of isolated atlas fractures: an internet-based multicenter survey among spine surgeons
Authors: Laubach Markus , Pishnamaz Miguel , Scholz Matti , Spiegl Ulrich , Sellei Richard Martin , Herren Christian , Hildebrand Frank , Kobbe Philipp
Published: September 2020

Purpose

Atlas (C1) fractures are commonly rated according to the Gehweiler classification, but literature on its reliability is scarce. In addition, evaluation of fracture stability and choosing the most appropriate treatment regime for C1-injuries are challenging. This study aimed to investigate the interobserver reliability of the Gehweiler classification and to identify whether evaluation of fracture stability as well as the treatment of C1-fractures are consistent among spine surgeons.

Methods

Computed tomography images of 34 C1-fractures and case-specific information were presented to six experienced spine surgeons. C1-fractures were graded according to the Gehweiler classification, and the suggested treatment regime was recorded in a questionnaire. For data analyses, SPSS was used, and interobserver reliability was calculated using Fleiss’ kappa (κ) statistics.

Results

We observed a moderate reliability for the Gehweiler classification (κ = 0.50), the evaluation of fracture stability (κ = 0.50), and whether a surgical or non-surgical therapy was indicated (κ = 0.53). Type 1, 2, 3a, and 5 fractures were rated stable and treated non-surgically. Type 3b fractures were rated unstable in 86.7% of cases and treated by surgery in 90% of cases. Atlas osteosynthesis was most frequently recommended (65.4%). Overall, 25.8% of type 4 fractures were rated unstable, and surgery was favoured in 25.8%.

Conclusion

We found a moderate reliability for the Gehweiler classification and for the evaluation of fracture stability. In particular, diverging treatment strategies for type 3b fractures emphasise the necessity of further clinical and biomechanical investigations to determine the optimal treatment of unstable C1-fractures.
Genetic mapping of Fusarium wilt resistance in a wild banana Musa acuminata ssp. malaccensis accession
Authors: Ahmad Fajarudin , Martawi Nani M. , Poerba Yuyu S. , de Jong Hans , Schouten Henk , Kema Gert H. J.
Published: September 2020

Banana is an important fruit and food crop, but is threatened by Fusarium wilt, one of the most devastating soil-borne fungal diseases. Only host resistance facilitates banana cultivation in infested soils around the world, but the genetic basis of Fusarium wilt of banana (FWB) is unknown. We selfed a heterozygous wild banana accession Musa acuminata ssp. malaccensis (Mam, AA, 2n = 22) to generate a mapping population and to investigate the inheritance of resistance to Race 1 and tropical race 4 (TR4) that cause FWB. Phenotyping (N = 217) revealed segregation for resistance, and genotyping by sequencing resulted in 2802 high-quality single-nucleotide polymorphic markers (SNPs) that were used for genetic mapping. Combined analyses of these data showed that a single dominant resistance locus controls resistance to Race 1 and maps near the distal part of chromosome 10. Recombinants, together with the position of the putative resistance gene, were further analysed using graphical genotyping, which retrieved markers flanking a 360 kb genetic region that associates with Race 1 resistance. The region contains 165 putative genes on the reference genome, including 19 leucine-rich repeat receptor-like kinase-like genes. At the same position and phase, we also identified a QTL for TR4 resistance, showing that the locus for resistance against Race 1 provided partial resistance to TR4. However, this effect was far less significant and hence not included in the mapping. These data support the breeding of new banana varieties with resistance to Fusarium wilt.
Discrete versus homogenized continuum modeling in finite deformation bias extension test of bi-pantographic fabrics
Authors: Barchiesi E. , Harsch J. , Ganzosch G. , Eugster S. R.
Published: September 2020

A 2D-continuum model describing finite deformations in plane of discrete bi-pantographic fabrics has been recently obtained by applying an asymptotic procedure based on a set of local generalized coordinates. Rectangular bi-pantographic prototypes were additively manufactured by selective laser sintering using polyamide as raw material. Displacement-controlled bias extension tests were performed on such specimens for total elastic deformations up to ca. 25%. Experimental force measurements, complemented by discrete displacement measurements obtained by local digital image correlation, were used to fit the continuum model. In the present paper, a global and minimal set of generalized coordinates, alternative to the one used for the homogenization, is introduced for the discrete model. The mechanical constitutive parameters appearing in the discrete model are then found by means of collected experimental data. Finally, a comparison between experiments, the discrete and the continuum model is presented. It is concluded that (a) the discrete model and the experimental data are in excellent agreement, and that (b) the continuum retains the relevant phenomenology of the discrete system even for a rather low number of cells.
The potential of wire feed pulsation to influence factors that govern weld penetration in GMA welding
Authors: Jorge Vinicius Lemes , Scotti Fernando Matos , Reis Ruham Pablo , Scotti Américo
Published: September 2020

Derivative welding processes are in many cases capable of altering phenomena that determine fundamental aspects of weld bead formation. Some of these evolutions act over the wire feed dynamics. However, in this scenario, the effects of the wire feed pulsation on the weld bead formation governing factors have not been fully explored yet. Therefore, this work aimed at examining how a wire feed pulsation approach affects the droplet transfer in gas metal arc welding and how its interaction with the molten pool defines the weld bead penetration. Bead-on-plate weldments were produced by varying the wire feed pulsation frequency, yet keeping the same levels of arc energy and wire feed speed, with the power source operating in constant voltage and current modes. To assess the droplet transfer behavior, high-speed imaging was used. The geometry of the weld beads was compared in terms of fusion penetration. The results showed that an increase in the wire feed pulsation frequency intensifies the detachment frequency of the droplets, being possible to accomplish a stable metal transfer with them straightly projected toward the weld pool, which contributed to a centralized-increased penetration profile. Based on a descriptive model, it was demonstrated that the increase in droplet momentum or kinetic energy, due to the wire feed pulsation, was not enough to justify the penetration enhancement. It was concluded that the wire feed dynamics can also stimulate surface tension variations in the weld pool and therefore disrupt the behavior of its mass and heat convection, supporting fusion penetration.
Biotechnology of Rhodococcus for the production of valuable compounds
Authors: Cappelletti Martina , Presentato Alessandro , Piacenza Elena , Firrincieli Andrea , Turner Raymond J. , Zannoni Davide
Published: September 2020

Bacteria belonging to Rhodococcus genus represent ideal candidates for microbial biotechnology applications because of their metabolic versatility, ability to degrade a wide range of organic compounds, and resistance to various stress conditions, such as metal toxicity, desiccation, and high concentration of organic solvents. Rhodococcus spp. strains have also peculiar biosynthetic activities that contribute to their strong persistence in harsh and contaminated environments and provide them a competitive advantage over other microorganisms. This review is focused on the metabolic features of Rhodococcus genus and their potential use in biotechnology strategies for the production of compounds with environmental, industrial, and medical relevance such as biosurfactants, bioflocculants, carotenoids, triacylglycerols, polyhydroxyalkanoate, siderophores, antimicrobials, and metal-based nanostructures. These biosynthetic capacities can also be exploited to obtain high value-added products from low-cost substrates (industrial wastes and contaminants), offering the possibility to efficiently recover valuable resources and providing possible waste disposal solutions. Rhodococcus spp. strains have also recently been pointed out as a source of novel bioactive molecules highlighting the need to extend the knowledge on biosynthetic capacities of members of this genus and their potential utilization in the framework of bioeconomy.

Key points

• Rhodococcus possesses promising biosynthetic and bioconversion capacities.

• Rhodococcus bioconversion capacities can provide waste disposal solutions.

• Rhodococcus bioproducts have environmental, industrial, and medical relevance.
Does auxiliary cerclage wiring provide intrinsic stability in cephalomedullary nailing of trochanteric and subtrochanteric fractures?
Authors: Rehme Julia , Woltmann Alexander , Brand Andreas , von Rüden Christian
Published: September 2020

Purpose

The aim of this study was to assess functional and radiological results following cephalomedullary nailing with and without use of auxiliary cable cerclages in a large series of trochanteric and subtrochanteric femoral fractures.

Methods

In a retrospective study of prospectively collected data between January 2014 and March 2019, a total of 260 consecutive patients (155 women and 105 men) with the diagnosis of AO/OTA A1 to A3 fractures were included. The mean age of patients was 76.4 ± 15.6 years. According to the AO/OTA classification, 72 A1 fractures, 124 A2 fractures, and 64 A3 fractures were found. In 72 patients with auxiliary cerclage wiring three A1 fractures, 27 A2 fractures and 42 A3 fractures were assessed. In the patient group with auxiliary cerclages, fracture healing according to the Radiographic Union Score for Hip (RUSH) within one year after surgery was assessed in 68 out of 72 patients (healing rate 94%). The mean RUSH in the group with cerclages was 28.7 ± 2.2 points and was 28.5 ± 2.2 points in the group without cerclages (p = 0.72). In 91 patients available for a complete follow-up, mean functional outcome according to the Lower Extremity Functional Scale (LEFS) was 65.3 ± 17.2 points in the group with cerclages versus 58.4 ± 21 points in the group without cerclages (p = 0.04).

Conclusion

The additional use of cerclages provides intrinsic stability and enables axial alignment and medial cortical support during anatomical fracture reduction and cephalomedullary nail insertion. In the current study, this technique resulted in significantly better functional long-term outcomes than without cerclages. Therefore, it can be recommended as a useful supportive tool especially in comminuted trochanteric and subtrochanteric fractures. Trial registration number DRKS00020550, 01/30/2020, retrospectively registered.
Analysis of Financial Risk Protection Indicators in Myanmar for Paediatric Surgery
Authors: Nataraja Ramesh Mark , Yin Mar Oo  , Andolfatto Lilly , Moore Eileen M , Watters David , Aye Aye  , Htun Oo  , Moe Moe Tin  , Shrime Mark , McLeod Elizabeth
Published: September 2020

Purpose

To estimate proportion of Myanmar paediatric population at risk of impoverishment and catastrophic expenditure due to emergency surgical intervention.

Methods

Prospective data were collected at two tertiary surgical centres including income, household expenses, expenses related to surgery. Data analysis was performed to estimate out‐of‐pocket (OOP) direct medical costs and OOP total costs. Catastrophic expenditure: expense exceeded 10% of household income. Risk of impoverishment: net income drops were below an impoverishment threshold (PPP—purchasing power parity): I$ 2.00 PPP/day, I$ 1.25/day PPP, national poverty line. Distribution of income was estimated using a gamma distribution. Comparison to an adult cohort was performed using Chi‐square test with a p value of <0.05 being significant.

Results

A total of 145 surveys were collected, and 119 (82.1%) contained sufficient data: Paediatric Centre (n = 99) and Adult Centre (n = 20). Overall average per patient direct medical and non‐medical OOP costs was I$493: Centre 1: I$540 PPP (range I$41‐6,588 PPP) and Centre 2: I$437 PPP (range I$ 36‐1,405 PPP). 64% experienced catastrophic expense. There is no significant difference between the centres in the risks of impoverishment or catastrophic expenditure (p = 0.05). Up to 44% are at risk of catastrophic expenditure should surgery be required. Most of the risk (90%) is derived from direct non‐medical costs. A high proportion were at the national poverty line threshold (36.1%). Seeking surgical treatment would imperil up to 37% at the national poverty line threshold, and up to 5.7% at the I$2 PPP per day limit.

Conclusions

A large proportion of the Myanmar population are at risk of impoverishment or catastrophic expenditure should they require surgery. Financial risk protection mechanisms are needed.
Evaluation of snow cover and snow water equivalent in the continental Arctic in CMIP5 models
Authors: Santolaria-Otín María , Zolina Olga
Published: September 2020

Spatial and temporal patterns of snow cover extent (SCE) and snow water equivalent (SWE) over the terrestrial Arctic are analyzed based on multiple observational datasets and an ensemble of CMIP5 models during 1979–2005. For evaluation of historical simulations of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5) ensemble, we used two reanalysis products, one satellite-observed product and an ensemble of different datasets. The CMIP5 models tend to significantly underestimate the observed SCE in spring but are in better agreement with observations in autumn; overall, the observed annual SCE cycle is well captured by the CMIP5 ensemble. In contrast, for SWE, the annual cycle is significantly biased, especially over North America, where some models retain snow even in summer, in disagreement with observations. The snow margin position (SMP) in the CMIP5 historical simulations is in better agreement with observations in spring than in autumn, when close agreement across the CMIP5 models is only found in central Siberia. Historical experiments from most CMIP5 models show negative pan-Arctic trends in SCE and SWE. These trends are, however, considerably weaker (and less statistically significant) than those reported from observations. Most CMIP5 models can more accurately capture the trend pattern of SCE than that of SWE, which shows quantitative and qualitative differences with the observed trends over Eurasia. Our results demonstrate the importance of using multiple data sources for the evaluation of snow characteristics in climate models. Further developments should focus on the improvement of both dataset quality and snow representation in climate models, especially ESM-SnowMIP.