bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparison of clinical outcomes of several risk stratification tools in newly diagnosed AML patients: A real‐world evidence in our current therapeutic era
Authors: Iat Alexandre , Loschi Michael , Benachour Sami , Calleja Anne , Chiche Edmond , Sudaka Isabelle , Aquaronne Danièle , Ferrero Corinne , Fenwarth Laurène , Marceau Alice , Fournier Elise , Dadone‐Montaudie Berengere , Cluzeau Thomas
Published: March 2024

Background of the study

AML classification tools have been developed to stratify the risk at AML diagnosis. There is a need to evaluate these tools in the current therapeutic era.

Cohort characteristics

In this retrospective study, we compared five classifiers: ELN 2017, ELN 2022, ALFA classifier, Papaemmanuil et al. classifier, and Lindsley et al. classifier, in a real‐life cohort of 281 patients newly diagnosed for AML in Nice University Hospital. In our cohort median age was 68 years old, sex ratio was M/F 56%/44%, performance status was lower than 2 in 73.1% of patients, AML subtype was “De novo” in 71.5%, “secondary” in 22.4%, and “therapy‐related” in 6.0% of patients. Intensive chemotherapy was used in 53.0% of patients, and non‐intensive chemotherapy in 40.6% of patients. Molecular analysis was available in a large majority of patients and the main mutations found were NPM1 (22.7%), DNMT3A (17.4%), TP53 (13.1%), TET2 (12.4%), and FLT3‐ITD (12.4%).

Results

In our findings, the comparison of overall survival between the three prognostic groups in the global cohort was statistically significant in all classifiers: ELN 2017 p < 0.0001, ELN 2022 p < 0.0001, ALFA classifier p < 0.0001, Papaemmanuil classifier p < 0.0001, Lindsley classifier p = 0.001. ELN 2017, ELN 2022, ALFA classifier, Papaemmanuil classifier, and Lindsley classifier were calculated respectively in 99%, 99%, 89%, 90%, and 89% of patients.

Conclusions

Using Akaike’s information criteria (AIC) to compare all five classifiers, ELN 2022 is the best classifier into younger and older patients and for prognosis.
Which is the best approach for percutaneous coronary intervention of chronic total occlusions? The one you feel most confident with!
Authors: Giordano Arturo , Biondi‐Zoccai Giuseppe
Published: March 2024

Key points

Percutaneous coronary intervention of chronic total occlusion remains a challenging niche, where minimization of technical failure and complication rates must be dearly pursued.

The minimalist hybrid approach is a novel recanalization strategy which provides an individualized technical framework minimizing simultaneous dual injection and large‐bore catheters unless clearly needed.

This study reports an observational comparison between a standard revascularization strategy for chronic total occlusion and the minimalist hybrid approach, suggesting the latter may be associated with some benefits, including more parsimonious use of costly devices.
Genome‐Wide Association Study of Atorvastatin Pharmacokinetics: Associations With SLCO1B1, UGT1A3, and LPP
Authors: Mykkänen Anssi J.H. , Tarkiainen E. Katriina , Taskinen Suvi , Neuvonen Mikko , Paile‐Hyvärinen Maria , Lilius Tuomas O. , Tapaninen Tuija , Klein Kathrin , Schwab Matthias , Backman Janne T. , Tornio Aleksi , Niemi Mikko
Published: March 2024

In a genome‐wide association study of atorvastatin pharmacokinetics in 158 healthy volunteers, the SLCO1B1 c.521T>C (rs4149056) variant associated with increased area under the plasma concentration‐time curve from time zero to infinity (AUC0–∞) of atorvastatin (P = 1.2 × 10−10), 2‐hydroxy atorvastatin (P = 4.0 × 10−8), and 4‐hydroxy atorvastatin (P = 2.9 × 10−8). An intronic LPP variant, rs1975991, associated with reduced atorvastatin lactone AUC0–∞ (P = 3.8 × 10−8). Three UGT1A variants linked with UGT1A3*2 associated with increased 2‐hydroxy atorvastatin lactone AUC0–∞ (P = 3.9 × 10−8). Furthermore, a candidate gene analysis including 243 participants suggested that increased function SLCO1B1 variants and decreased activity CYP3A4 variants affect atorvastatin pharmacokinetics. Compared with individuals with normal function SLCO1B1 genotype, atorvastatin AUC0–∞ was 145% (90% confidence interval: 98‐203%; P = 5.6 × 10−11) larger in individuals with poor function, 24% (9‐41%; P = 0.0053) larger in those with decreased function, and 41% (16‐59%; P = 0.016) smaller in those with highly increased function SLCO1B1 genotype. Individuals with intermediate metabolizer CYP3A4 genotype (CYP3A4*2 or CYP3A4*22 heterozygotes) had 33% (14‐55%; P = 0.022) larger atorvastatin AUC0–∞ than those with normal metabolizer genotype. UGT1A3*2 heterozygotes had 16% (5‐25%; P = 0.017) smaller and LPP rs1975991 homozygotes had 34% (22‐44%; P = 4.8 × 10−5) smaller atorvastatin AUC0‐∞ than noncarriers. These data demonstrate that genetic variation in SLCO1B1, UGT1A3, LPP, and CYP3A4 affects atorvastatin pharmacokinetics. This is the first study to suggest that LPP rs1975991 may reduce atorvastatin exposure. [Correction added on 6 April, after first online publication: An incomplete sentence (“= 0.017) smaller in heterozygotes for UGT1A3*2 and 34% (22%, 44%; P × 10−5) smaller in homozygotes for LPP noncarriers.”) has been corrected in this version.]
Assessment of Dosing Strategies for Pediatric Drug Products
Authors: Taylor Zachary L. , Green Francis G. , Hossain Nayeem , Burckart Gilbert J. , Pacanowski Michael , Schuck Robert N.
Published: March 2024

Pediatric drug dosing is challenged by the heterogeneity of developing physiology and ethical considerations surrounding a vulnerable population. Often, pediatric drug dosing leverages findings from the adult population; however, recent regulatory efforts have motivated drug sponsors to pursue pediatric‐specific programs to meet an unmet medical need and improve pediatric drug labeling. This paradigm is further complicated by the pathophysiological implications of obesity on drug distribution and metabolism and the roles that body composition and body size play in drug dosing. Therefore, we sought to understand the landscape of pediatric drug dosing by characterizing the dosing strategies from drug products recently approved for pediatric indications identified using FDA Drug Databases and analyze the impact of body size descriptors (age, body surface area, weight) on drug pharmacokinetics for several selected antipsychotics approved in pediatric patients. Our review of these pediatric databases revealed a dependence on body size‐guided dosing, with 68% of dosing in pediatric drug labelings being dependent on knowing either the age, body surface area, or weight of the patient to guide dosing for pediatric patients. This dependence on body size‐guided dosing drives the need for special consideration when dosing a drug in overweight and obese patients. Exploratory pharmacokinetic analyses in antipsychotics illustrate possible effects of drug exposure when applying different dosing strategies for this class of drugs. Future efforts should aim to further understand the pediatric drug dosing and obesity paradigm across pediatric age ranges and drug classes to optimize drug development and clinical care for this patient population.
Coarse and fine feature selection for Network Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) in IoT networks
Authors: Habeeb Mohammed Sayeeduddin , Babu Tummala Ranga
Published: March 2024

Network Intrusion Detection Systems (NIDSs) are important in safeguarding networks from known and unknown attacks. Many research efforts have recently been made to create NIDS systems based on Machine Learning (ML) methods, addressing a significant challenge in designing standard NIDS the lack of standardized feature sets in the dataset. Given the recent development of the Internet of Things (IoT) in wireless communication, our proposed method introduces a novel solution to enhance intrusion detection systems. This proposed solution feature selection is carried out in two stages, coarse and fine selection. In the first stage of the coarse selection process, we conduct correlation analysis to identify relationships within the feature set. The second stage employs fine selection using the Whale Optimization Algorithm (WOA) with Genetic Algorithm hybridization (CFWOAGA). The fitness of each selected feature is assessed using the K‐Nearest Neighbors (KNN) algorithm. In our proposed work we integrate WOA with hybrid GA to extend the search space and avoid local optima problems via crossover and mutation operations. These selected features are critical for detecting any intrusion, we use an ML classifier to identify whether there is an attack or normal in the network and we evaluate the performance of each classifier. We evaluate the performance of our classifier using the BoT‐IoT 2020 standard dataset while limiting the selected features to 32 for reduced computational complexity, these selected 32 features are based upon considerations of system optimization and efficiency, making a balance between computational efficiency and model performance. The experimental findings show better model accuracy compared to the WOA technique and a significant drop in the False Alarm Rate (FAR). In conclusion, our proposed CFWOA method achieved an accuracy of 98.9%, while an updated version with the genetic algorithm demonstrated further improvement at 99.5%. Notably, there was a substantial improvement in FAR with our proposed method.
Vasorin as an actor of bone turnover?
Authors: Andrique Caroline , Bonnet Anne Laure , Dang Julien , Lesieur Julie , Krautzberger A. Michaela , Baroukh Brigitte , Torrens Coralie , Sadoine Jeremy , Schmitt Alain , Rochefort Gael Y. , Bardet Claire , Six Isabelle , Houillier Pascal , Tharaux Pierre Louis , Schrewe Heinrich , Gaucher Celine , Chaussain Catherine
Published: March 2024

Bone diseases are increasing with aging populations and it is important to identify clues to develop innovative treatments. Vasn, which encodes vasorin (Vasn), a transmembrane protein involved in the pathophysiology of several organs, is expressed during the development in intramembranous and endochondral ossification zones. Here, we studied the impact of Vasn deletion on the osteoblast and osteoclast dialog through a cell Coculture model. In addition, we explored the bone phenotype of Vasn KO mice, either constitutive or tamoxifen‐inducible, or with an osteoclast‐specific deletion. First, we show that both osteoblasts and osteoclasts express Vasn. Second, we report that, in both KO mouse models but not in osteoclast‐targeted KO mice, Vasn deficiency was associated with an osteopenic bone phenotype, due to an imbalance in favor of osteoclastic resorption. Finally, through the Coculture experiments, we identify a dysregulation of the Wnt/β‐catenin pathway together with an increase in RANKL release by osteoblasts, which led to an enhanced osteoclast activity. This study unravels a direct role of Vasn in bone turnover, introducing a new biomarker or potential therapeutic target for bone pathologies.
Circular flows in mono‐directed signed graphs
Authors: Li Jiaao , Naserasr Reza , Wang Zhouningxin , Zhu Xuding
Published: March 2024

In this paper, the concept of circular ‐flow in a mono‐directed signed graph is introduced. That is a pair , where is an orientation on and satisfies that for each positive edge and for each negative edge , and the total in‐flow equals the total out‐flow at each vertex. This is the dual notion of circular colorings of signed graphs and is distinct from the concept of circular flows in bi‐directed graphs associated with signed graphs studied in the literature. We first explore the connection between circular ‐flows and modulo ‐orientations in signed graphs. Then we focus on the upper bounds for the circular flow indices of signed graphs in terms of the edge‐connectivity, where the circular flow index of a signed graph is the minimum value such that it admits a circular ‐flow. We prove that every 3‐edge‐connected signed graph admits a circular 6‐flow and every 4‐edge‐connected signed graph admits a circular 4‐flow. More generally, for , we show that every ‐edge‐connected signed graph admits a circular ‐flow, every ‐edge‐connected signed graph has a circular ‐flow with , and every ‐edge‐connected signed graph admits a circular ‐flow. Moreover, the ‐edge‐connectivity condition is shown to be sufficient for a signed Eulerian graph to admit a circular ‐flow, and applying this result to planar graphs, we conclude that every signed bipartite planar graph of negative girth at least admits a homomorphism to the negative even cycles .
Current clinical evidence is insufficient to support HMME–PDT as the first choice of treatment for young children with port wine birthmarks
Authors: Gao Chao , Nguyen Vi , Hochman Marcelo L. , Gao Lin , Chen Elliott H. , Friedman Harold I. , Nelson John Stuart , Tan Wenbin
Published: March 2024

Background

Port wine birthmark (PWB) is a congenital vascular malformation of the skin. Pulsed dye laser (PDL) is the “gold standard” for the treatment of PWB globally. Hematoporphyrin monomethyl ether (HMME or hemoporfin)‐mediated photodynamic therapy (HMME–PDT) has emerged as the first choice for PWB treatment, particularly for young children, in many major hospitals in China during the past several decades.

Aim

To evaluate whether HMME–PDT is superior to PDL by comparing the clinical efficacies of both modalities.

Method

PubMed records were searched for all relevant studies of PWB treatment using PDL (1988−2023) or HMME–PDT (2007−2023). Patient characteristics and clinical efficacies were extracted. Studies with a quartile percentage clearance or similar scale were included. A mean color clearance index (CI) per study was calculated and compared among groups. An overall CI (C0), with data weighted by cohort size, was used to evaluate the final efficacy for each modality.

Result

A total of 18 HMME–PDT studies with 3910 patients in China were eligible for inclusion in this analysis. Similarly, 40 PDL studies with 5094 patients from nine different countries were eligible for inclusion in this analysis. Over 58% of patients in the HMME‐PDT studies were minors (<18 years old). A significant portion (21.3%) were young children (<3 years old). Similarly, 33.2% of patients in the PDL studies were minors. A small proportion (9.3%) was young children. The overall clearance rates for PDL were slightly, but not significantly, higher than those for HMME–PDT in cohorts with patients of all ages (C0, 0.54 vs. 0.48, p = 0.733), subpopulations with only minors (C0, 0.54 vs. 0.46, p = 0.714), and young children (C0, 0.67 vs. 0.50, p = 0.081). Regrettably, there was a lack of long‐term data on follow‐up evaluations for efficacy and impact of HMME‐PDT on young children in general, and central nervous system development in particular, because their blood‐brain barriers have a greater permeability as compared to adults.

Conclusion

PDL shows overall albeit insignificantly higher clearance rates than HMME‐PDT in patients of all ages; particularly statistical significance is nearly achieved in young children. Collectively, current evidence is insufficient to support HMME–PDT as the first choice of treatment of PWBs in young children given: (1) overall inferior efficacy as compared to PDL; (2) risk of off‐target exposure to meningeal vasculature during the procedure; (3) administration of steriods for mitigation of side effects; ‐and (4) lack of long‐term data on the potential impact of HMME on central nervous system development in young children.
Mass spectrometry of dendrimers
Authors: Redding McKenna J. , Grayson Scott M. , Charles Laurence
Published: March 2024

Mass spectrometry (MS) has become an essential technique to characterize dendrimers as it proved efficient at tackling analytical challenges raised by their peculiar onion‐like structure. Owing to their chemical diversity, this review covers benefits of MS methods as a function of dendrimer classes, discussing advantages and limitations of ionization techniques, tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) strategies to determine the structure of defective species, as well as most recently demonstrated capabilities of ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) in the field. Complementarily, the well‐defined structure of these macromolecules offers major advantages in the development of MS‐based method, as reported in a second section reviewing uses of dendrimers as MS and IMS calibration standards and as multifunctional charge inversion reagents in gas phase ion/ion reactions.
First Monte Carlo beam model for ultra‐high dose rate radiotherapy with a compact electron LINAC
Authors: Dai Tianyuan , Sloop Austin M. , Rahman Mahbubur R. , Sunnerberg Jacob P. , Clark Megan A. , Young Ralph , Adamczyk Sebastian , Von Voigts‐Rhetz Philip , Patane Chris , Turk Michael , Jarvis Lesley , Pogue Brian W. , Gladstone David J. , Bruza Petr , Zhang Rongxiao
Published: March 2024

Background

FLASH radiotherapy based on ultra‐high dose rate (UHDR) is actively being studied by the radiotherapy community. Dedicated UHDR electron devices are currently a mainstay for FLASH studies.

Purpose

To present the first Monte Carlo (MC) electron beam model for the UHDR capable Mobetron (FLASH‐IQ) as a dose calculation and treatment planning platform for preclinical research and FLASH‐radiotherapy (RT) clinical trials.

Methods

The initial beamline geometry of the Mobetron was provided by the manufacturer, with the first‐principal implementation realized in the Geant4‐based GAMOS MC toolkit. The geometry and electron source characteristics, such as energy spectrum and beamline parameters, were tuned to match the central‐axis percentage depth dose (PDD) and lateral profiles for the pristine beam measured during machine commissioning. The thickness of the small foil in secondary scatter affected the beam model dominantly and was fine tuned to achieve the best agreement with commissioning data. Validation of the MC beam modeling was performed by comparing the calculated PDDs and profiles with EBT‐XD radiochromic film measurements for various combinations of applicators and inserts.

Results

The nominal 9 MeV electron FLASH beams were best represented by a Gaussian energy spectrum with mean energy of 9.9 MeV and variance (σ) of 0.2 MeV. Good agreement between the MC beam model and commissioning data were demonstrated with maximal discrepancy < 3% for PDDs and profiles. Hundred percent gamma pass rate was achieved for all PDDs and profiles with the criteria of 2 mm/3%. With the criteria of 2 mm/2%, maximum, minimum and mean gamma pass rates were (100.0%, 93.8%, 98.7%) for PDDs and (100.0%, 96.7%, 99.4%) for profiles, respectively.

Conclusions

A validated MC beam model for the UHDR capable Mobetron is presented for the first time. The MC model can be utilized for direct dose calculation or to generate beam modeling input required for treatment planning systems for FLASH‐RT planning. The beam model presented in this work should facilitate translational and clinical FLASH‐RT for trials conducted on the Mobetron FLASH‐IQ platform.
Measuring the merit of a sensationalist documentary: A critical assessment of the Julcuy “Giant”
Authors: Landol Nicholas
Published: March 2024

This commentary evaluates the assertions presented in the documentary series Code of the Wild that the skeleton of a 7‐ft Manteño‐Huancavilca individual allegedly recovered in the Ecuadorian village of Julcuy serves as evidence that a population of individuals of considerable stature once inhabited the region. Given that an intact femur survived a flood that occurred in Julcuy during the rainy season of 2023, it was possible to implement the Trotter and Gleser technique to determine the individual's stature with precision. By analyzing the femur of this individual, the commentary demonstrates that the stature of the individual had been grossly overestimated. This commentary reinforces the significance of mathematical formulae devised to determine living stature as opposed to rudimentary field measurements.
Growth of polyaniline nanowire arrays on boron nitride microrods enables high‐efficient thermal transport
Authors: Han Weifang , Liu Deyi , Zhou Yajie , Zhang Han , Xing Anqi , Fu Peng , Jia Zhengfeng , Lin Yan , Li Yuchao , Li Wei
Published: March 2024

The rapid development of flexible conductive materials has promoted the research on conductive polymer (CP)‐based materials. However, CPs have relatively low thermal conductivity (TC), which can result in severe heat dissipation problems for device applications. In this work, core–sheath structured polyaniline@boron nitride (BN@PANI) composites were prepared by in‐situ growth strategy, in which PANI nanowire arrays were uniformly anchored to the surface of BN microrods. Thanks to the particular structure, the as‐prepared BN@PANI composite shows excellent thermal management capabilities. Specifically, the TC of the BN@PANI composite is 4.32 W/m·K at low BN loading of 10 wt%, which is almost 17.8 times that of pure PANI. Moreover, the excellent heat dissipation performance is intuitively presented through infrared imaging technology. Impressively, the PANI nanowire arrays are vertically arranged on the BN surface to form a conductive pathway, which results in conductivity comparable to pure PANI. This work broadens the ideas for preparing high‐performance CP‐based composites by using insulating fillers.

Highlights

Core–sheath structured BN@PANI composites were prepared by an in‐situ growth strategy.

The thermal conductivity of composite was 4.32 W/m·K at 10 wt% BN loading.

The introduction of BN had little effect on the conductivity of PANI.

The BN@PANI composites possessed excellent thermal management capability.

This work contributes to understanding heat transport in conductive polymers.
Interdiscursive struggles: Managing the co‐existence of the conventional and open strategy discourse
Authors: Langenmayr Theresa , Seidl David , Splitter Violetta
Published: March 2024

Research Summary

“Open strategy” is a new macro discourse on strategy that differs fundamentally from the conventional strategy discourse. In this paper, we examine how actors deal with the co‐existence of the two discourses, given their conflicting nature. For this purpose, we draw on a longitudinal, in‐depth case study of an international finance firm that introduced open strategy alongside the conventional strategy discourse that had shaped their strategy work in the past. We find that strategy actors deal with interdiscursive tensions by enacting meta‐discursive practices that regulate the mobilization of the two strategy discourses. Furthermore, we identify power as an important driver and necessary resource in enacting these practices. With these findings, we contribute to the open strategy literature and the literature on organization and strategy discourse.

Managerial Summary

There is a recent trend for opening up the strategy process to actors outside the upper echelons, which is referred to as “open strategy.” This new approach is based on a fundamentally different logic than the conventional approach to strategy making; while the latter highlights exclusivity and secrecy, the former stresses inclusivity and transparency. This empirical study examines how managers deal with tensions that arise from the co‐existence of these approaches. We find that managers try to resolve these tensions by regulating where and when each approach can be applied. We also show that the switch from one way of regulating the application of approaches to another depends on the power and interests of the participants.
Substantially Accelerated Response and Recovery in Pd‐Decorated WO3 Nanorods Gasochromic Hydrogen Sensor
Authors: Cho Sung Hwan , Suh Jun Min , Jeong Beomgyun , Lee Tae Hyung , Choi Kyoung Soon , Eom Tae Hoon , Choi Seung Won , Nam Gi Baek , Kim Yeong Jae , Jang Ho Won
Published: March 2024

The development of hydrogen (H2) gas sensors is essential for the safe and efficient adoption of H2 gas as a clean, renewable energy source in the challenges against climate change, given its flammability and associated safety risks. Among various H2 sensors, gasochromic sensors have attracted great interest due to their highly intuitive and low power operation, but slow kinetics, especially slow recovery rate limited its further practical application. This study introduces Pd‐decorated amorphous WO3 nanorods (Pd‐WO3 NRs) as an innovative gasochromic H2 sensor, demonstrating rapid and highly reversible color changes for H2 detection. In specific, the amorphous nanostructure exhibits notable porosity, enabling rapid detection and recovery by facilitating effective H2 gas interaction and efficient diffusion of hydrogen ions (H+) dissociated from the Pd nanoparticles (Pd NPs). The optimized Pd‐WO3 NRs sensor achieves an impressive response time of 14 s and a recovery time of 1 s to 5% H2. The impressively fast recovery time of 1 s is observed under a wide range of H2 concentrations (0.2–5%), making this study a fundamental solution to the challenged slow recovery of gasochromic H2 sensors.
Evidence for Trans‐Oligoene Chain Formation in Graphene Induced by Iodine
Authors: Grote Fabian , Weintrub Benjamin I. , Kreßler Mira , Cao Qing , Halbig Christian E. , Kusch Patryk , Bolotin Kirill I. , Eigler Siegfried
Published: March 2024

Functionalization of pristine graphene by hydrogen and fluorine is well studied, resulting in graphane and fluorographene structures. In contrast, functionalization of pristine graphene with iodine has not been reported. Here, the functionalization of graphene with iodine using photochemical activation is presented, which is thermally reversible at 400 °C. Additional dispersive dominant Raman modes that are probed by resonance Raman spectroscopy are observed. Additionally, iodinated graphene is probed by Kelvin probe force microscopy and by transport measurements showing p‐doping surpassing non‐covalent iodine doping by charge transfer‐complex formation. The emergent Raman modes combined with strong p‐doping indicate that iodine functionalization is distinct from simple iodine doping. A reaction mechanism based on these findings is proposed, identifying the large size of iodine atoms as the probable cause governing regiochemically controlled addition due to steric hinderance of reactive sites. The modification of the electronic structure is explained by the confinement of 1D trans‐oligoene chains between sp3‐defects. These results demonstrate the uniqueness of iodine reactivity toward graphene and the modification of the electronic structure of iodinated graphene, highlighting its dependence on the spatial arrangement of substituents.
MHD flow of the novel quadruple hybrid nanofluid model in a stenosis artery with porous walls and thermal radiation: A Sisko model‐based analysis
Authors: Omama Mohamed , Arafa Ayman A. , Elsaid Ahmed , Zahra Waheed K.
Published: March 2024

This study introduces a mathematical model that describes the Magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) flow of blood in a porous stenosis artery, incorporating a new hybrid nanofluid (HNF) model known as ‘Quadruple’ or the tetra‐(HNF) model. An innovative aspect of this study lies in the unexplored combination of tetra‐hybrid nanoparticles with the Sisko rheological model. The conventional Tiwari and Das (HNF) model has been expanded to accommodate the tetra‐(HNFs) case. To transform the governing partial differential equations into ordinary differential equations, a series of variable similarity transformations are employed. The resulting highly nonlinear simultaneous equations are efficiently solved using the shooting method. Numerical computations are conducted to investigate various parametric conditions, and graphs are utilized to visualize notable aspects of flow velocity and temperature. A comprehensive analysis is provided to illustrate the influence of flow parameters on wall shear stress and local Nusselt number, which are depicted through figures and tables. The study shows that the novel tetra‐HNF exhibits enhancements in blood flow when compared to nanofluids with a lower number of hybrids. Increasing the flow power index of non‐Newtonian Sisko model leads to improve convective heat transfer. Furthermore, parameters such as porosity, thermal radiation, and magnetic effects exhibit noticeable impacts on blood flow, temperature, and associated risks in constricted arteries.
Des Kaisers neue Kleider. Über die Verwaltung des Unverwaltbaren in der forensischen Psychiatrie
Authors: Jansen Till
Published: March 2024

.Die Verwaltung als rationale Herrschaftstechnik setzt Rationalität auf Seite ihrer Subjekte voraus. Stellt sie jedoch Irrationalität fest und ist diese gar verbunden mit der Gefährlichkeit der Irrationalen für die öffentliche Sicherheit, hat die Verwaltung ein Problem. Hier tritt die forensische Psychiatrie auf den Plan. Sie macht sich auf, die gefährliche Irrationalität zu zähmen. Sie kategorisiert und entzieht Freiheit. Doch am Ende steht auch ihr nur der rationale Appell zur Verfügung, der an der gestellten Diagnose abzuperlen droht. „Sie sind irrational“, ruft die Psychiatrie. „Seien sie einsichtig und benehmen sie sich vernünftig!“ Diese Paradoxie führt nur deshalb nicht eine ausweglose Situation, weil die Praxis der gelingenden Psychiatrie sie unterläuft. Es entsteht ein Prozess der Normalisierung der Abweichung, der Neu- und Uminterpretation, in dem beide Seiten so tun können, als ob alles in Ordnung wäre.
Von der Akte zum Acting. Filmische Szenarien der Bürokratie
Authors: Wolf Burkhardt
Published: March 2024

Verwaltungen gehen ihrem Auftrag gemäß unmerklich, im Idealfall unbesehen, weil ›aktenmäßig‹ zu Werke. Das mag erklären, wieso sie in den Bildkünsten – anders als etwa in der Literatur – nur wenig prominent geworden sind. Was aber heißt das für filmische Darstellungen, die ja auf narrative Dynamiken ebenso wie auf Bildregime bauen können?
Administering Emancipation. Verwaltung zwischen der »Tyranny of Structurelessness« und der »Tyranny of Tyranny«
Authors: Scherrieble Lara , Stolz Lukas
Published: March 2024

Der Essay behandelt die Frage der Organisation sozialer Bewegungen, indem er den Fokus auf eine Episode des anarcha-feministischen Diskurses in den USA der 1970er Jahre richtet. Während Jo Freeman zu dieser Zeit die vermeintliche Strukturlosigkeit der Bewegung als Verschleierung impliziter Hierarchien kritisierte, antwortete Cathy Levine auf diese Kritik mit einer Warnung vor den Gefahren rigider organisationaler Hierarchisierungen. Unter Bezug auf Bini Adamczaks Konzept einer „Beziehungsweise“ revolutionärer Praxis schlägt der Beitrag eine Alternative zum Dualismus von Hierarchie und Strukturlosigkeit vor.
Intersecting end of the world branes
Authors: Angius Roberta , Makridou Andriana , Uranga Angel M.
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Dynamical cobordisms implement the swampland cobordism conjecture in the framework of effective field theory, realizing codimension-1 end of the world (ETW) branes as singularities at finite spacetime distance at which scalars diverge to infinite field space distance. ETW brane solutions provide a useful probe of infinity in moduli/field spaces and the associated swampland constraints, such as the distance conjecture.

We construct explicit solutions describing intersecting ETW branes in theories with multiple scalars and general potentials, so that different infinite field space limits coexist in the same spacetime, and can be simultaneously probed by paths approaching the ETW brane intersection. Our class of solutions includes physically interesting examples, such as intersections of Witten’s bubbles of nothing in toroidal compactifications, generalizations in compactifications on products of spheres, and possible flux dressings thereof (hence including charged objects at the ETW branes). From the cobordism perspective, the intersections can be regarded as describing the end of the world for end of the world branes, or as boundary domain walls interpolating between different ETW brane boundary conditions for the same bulk theory.
YAP1-CPNE3 positive feedback pathway promotes gastric cancer cell progression
Authors: Li Xuan , Zhong Hongguang , Shi Qianqian , Ruan Ruiwen , Huang Chunye , Wen Qin , Zeng Shaocheng , Xia Yang , Zeng Qinru , Xiong Jianping , Wang Shanshan , Chen Jun , Lei Wan , Deng Jun
Published: March 2024

Hippo-Yes-associated protein 1 (YAP1) plays an important role in gastric cancer (GC) progression; however, its regulatory network remains unclear. In this study, we identified Copine III (CPNE3) was identified as a novel direct target gene regulated by the YAP1/TEADs transcription factor complex. The downregulation of CPNE3 inhibited proliferation and invasion, and increased the chemosensitivity of GC cells, whereas the overexpression of CPNE3 had the opposite biological effects. Mechanistically, CPNE3 binds to the YAP1 protein in the cytoplasm, inhibiting YAP1 ubiquitination and degradation mediated by the E3 ubiquitination ligase β-transducin repeat-containing protein (β-TRCP). Thereby activating the transcription of YAP1 downstream target genes, which creates a positive feedback cycle to facilitate GC progression. Immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated significant upregulation of CPNE3 in GC tissues. Survival and Cox regression analyses indicated that high CPNE3 expression was an independent prognostic marker for GC. This study elucidated the pivotal involvement of an aberrantly activated CPNE3/YAP1 positive feedback loop in the malignant progression of GC, thereby uncovering novel prognostic factors and therapeutic targets in GC.
Machine learning and human learning: a socio-cultural and -material perspective on their relationship and the implications for researching working and learning
Authors: Guile David , Popov Jelena
Published: March 2024

The paper adopts an inter-theoretical socio-cultural and -material perspective on the relationship between human + machine learning to propose a new way to investigate the human + machine assistive assemblages emerging in professional work (e.g. medicine, architecture, design and engineering). Its starting point is Hutchins’s (1995a) concept of ‘distributed cognition’ and his argument that his concept of ‘cultural ecosystems’ constitutes a unit of analysis to investigate collective human + machine working and learning (Hutchins, Philos Psychol 27:39–49, 2013). It argues that: (i) the former offers a way to reveal the cultural constitution of and enactment of human + machine cognition and, in the process, the limitations of the computational and connectionist assumptions about learning that underpin, respectively, good old-fashioned AI and deep learning; and (2) the latter offers a way to identify, when amplified with insights from Socio-Materialism and Cultural-Historical Activity Theory, how ML is further rearranging and reorganising the distributed basis of cognition in assistive assemblages. The paper concludes by outlining a set of conjectures researchers that could use to guide their investigations into the ongoing design and deployment of HL + ML assemblages and challenges associated with the interaction between HL + ML.
Investigating temporal variability and influence of condition on fecundity and spawning of spotted wolffish (Anarhichas minor) in Icelandic waters
Authors: Gunnarsson Á. , Kennedy J. , Elvarsson B. , Grétarsdóttir A. R.
Published: March 2024

Spotted wolffish (Anarhichas minor) is a poorly understood species which is often captured as part of mixed demersal fisheries across its range. Abundance has declined in many regions and there is a need for greater knowledge on its biology. To improve our understanding of reproduction of A. minor, we investigated inter- and intra- annual differences in fecundity, the influence of condition on fecundity and time scale of ovary development. From 2006 to 2021, 150 females A. minor were sampled in Icelandic waters. Of these females, 73 were also used to estimate spawning time together with an additional 334 females from commercial catch and surveys from 2006 to 2023. Backwards extrapolation of oocyte size indicates that vitellogenesis begins in December and is likely completed after 8–10 months. There was no evidence of either intra- or inter-annual differences in fecundity, indicating that downregulation is minimal and that fecundity of A. minor is stable between years. A positive relationship between oocytes size and fish length was detected, while body condition and hepatosomatic index had only a small influence on fecundity in comparison with weight. There was a negative relationship between length and relative fecundity and the exponent of the fecundity–length relationship was lower than exponent of the weight–length relationship. Therefore, total egg production is likely not proportional to the spawning stock biomass of A. minor, and unusually, total egg production would decrease with increasing proportion of larger fish in the population. The spawning season was estimated to be from middle of August to middle of October with peak of spawning in September.
Dissecting coral recovery: bleaching reduces reproductive output in Acropora millepora
Authors: Briggs Nico D. , Page Cathie A. , Giuliano Christine , Alessi Cinzia , Hoogenboom Mia , Bay Line K. , Randall Carly J.
Published: March 2024

Increasingly frequent and severe bleaching events driven by climate change are decreasing coral populations worldwide. Recovery of these populations relies on reproduction by the survivors of such events including local and upstream larval sources. Yet, corals that survive bleaching may be impaired by sublethal effects that suppress reproduction, reducing larval input to reefs, and consequently impeding recovery. We investigated the impact of the 2020 mass-bleaching event on Acropora millepora reproduction on inshore, turbid reefs in Woppaburra sea Country (the Keppel Islands), to improve our understanding of the effects of bleaching on coral populations. A. millepora experienced high bleaching incidence but low mortality across the island group during this event and thus constituted an ideal population to investigate potential sublethal effects on reproductive output. Six months after the heat wave, and just prior to spawning, we collected, decalcified, and dissected samples from 94 tagged A. millepora colonies with a known 2020 bleaching response, to investigate the relationships between stress severity and reproduction. Despite having regained their pigmentation, we detected a significant reduction in fecundity in colonies that had bleached severely. Considering the impact of the bleaching event on the coral population sampled (i.e., mortality, bleaching severity and colony size), coupled with reductions in fecundity, we estimated a total decrease in population-level reproductive output of 21%. These results suggest that reduced reproductive output may impact recovery of coral populations following bleaching and should be considered alongside traditional estimates of coral mortality.
Versorgungssituation des Systemischen Lupus Erythematodes in Rheinland-Pfalz und dem Saarland
Authors: Alberti Ciaran , Dreher Matthias , Triantafyllias Konstantinos , Schwarting Andreas
Published: March 2024

Hintergrund

Der systemische Lupus erythematodes (SLE) ist eine klinisch heterogen verlaufende Autoimmunerkrankung, die mit hohem Leid für die Betroffenen sowie hohen sozioökonomischen Kosten verbunden ist. Eine frühe Diagnosestellung und eine adäquate medizinische Versorgung sind essenziell für einen milden Krankheitsverlauf. Es fehlen jedoch aktuelle Zahlen und Daten über die Versorgungssituation der Erkrankten in der Fläche.

Methodik

Es wurden insgesamt 1546 Hausärzte, Rheumatologen, Neurologen, Nephrologen und Dermatologen in Rheinland-Pfalz und dem Saarland per Fax oder Mail mithilfe eines Fragebogens bezüglich Epidemiologie, Symptomatik, Therapie und Therapieerfolg befragt. Zusätzlich gab es die Möglichkeit, Verbesserungsvorschläge zu unterbreiten.

Ergebnisse

Fünf von sechs der rückgemeldeten 635 SLE-Patienten sind weiblich. Die häufigsten Hauptsymptome waren Arthralgien, Fatigue, Myalgien und Hautveränderungen. Von den Patienten erhielten 68 % Antimalariamittel (AMM), während 46 % mit Glukokortikoiden (GC) und 50 % mit einem Immunsuppressivum (IS), v. a. Methotrexat (MTX), behandelt wurden. An Komorbiditäten litten die Patienten vor allem unter kardiovaskulären Erkrankungen, dem Fibromyalgiesyndrom und Depressionen. Rheumatologen beschrieben zudem häufig Anämien, Diabetes mellitus und Osteoporose.

Diskussion

Verglichen mit den Empfehlungen der Leitlinien fiel insbesondere bei nicht rheumatologisch betreuten Patienten die geringe Quote an AMM in der Therapie auf (35 % im Mittel im Vergleich zu 81 % bei Rheumatologen). Auch (dauerhaft) hohe GC-Dosen entsprechen nicht den Empfehlungen der Literatur. Im Freitextfeld wurden vor allem mehr niedergelassene Rheumatologen und eine schnellere Terminvergabe sowie eine bessere Kommunikation und Vernetzung gewünscht. Zudem wurde häufig der Wunsch nach mehr Fortbildung und Aufklärung geäußert.
Ovarian cancer management in an ESGO ovarian cancer center of excellence: a systematic case study of the interprofessional and interdisciplinary interaction
Authors: Krankenberg David J. , Muallem Mustafa Zelal , Pietzner Klaus , Chekerov Radoslav , Armbrust Robert , Beteta Carmen , Schöning Wenzel , Lee Marlene , Klews Julia , Sehouli Jalid
Published: March 2024

Purpose

With growing knowledge about ovarian cancer over the last decades, diagnosis, evaluation and treatment of ovarian cancer patients have become highly specialized, and an individually adapted approach should be made in each woman by interdisciplinary cooperation. The present study aims to show the variety and extent of medical specialties involved at our institution according to the European Society of Gynecologic Oncology (ESGO) Quality indicators (QI).

Methods

A woman, diagnosed with high-grade ovarian cancer, International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) class IVb was selected for a single case observational study. The observation period (total = 22d) comprised preoperative diagnostic procedures, including imaging, the in-patient stay for cytoreductive surgery, and the postoperative course and case discussion at our interdisciplinary tumor board. Data were obtained by self-reporting and by patient file review.

Results

Patient tracking demonstrated an interdisciplinary cooperation of 12 medical specialties [62 physicians (63% male, 37% female)], 8 different types of nursing staff [n = 59 (22% male, 78% female)], and 9 different types of perioperative/administrative staff (n = 23; male 17,4%, female n = 19, 82,6%). Contact with the patient was direct (n = 199; 76%) or without face-to-face interaction (n = 63; 24%).

Conclusion

The present study demonstrates the high diversity of physicians and the affiliated medical staff, as well as interdisciplinary intersections within teams of a specialized hospital. Matching the ESGO QIs, this report underlines the requirement of an adequate infrastructure for the complex management of advanced ovarian cancer patients.

Future prospective studies are warranted to evaluate the specific procedures and actions to optimize the interprofessional and interdisciplinary workflows.
Patterns of water use by the Australian native Melaleuca styphelioides in urban environments and comparison of transpiration prediction by three different micrometeorological models
Authors: Sun Xi , Li Jie
Published: March 2024

Key message

The high-quality sap flow dataset of Melaleuca styphelioides could assists local councils in assessing tree water use and aids in the development of an urban tree sustainable planting management plan

Trees have a vital part to play in urban ecosystems, offering ecological, economic, and social advantages in addition to beautifying our suburbs. Knowledge of tree water use in urban environments is crucial for facilitating urban greening when there is a perception that growing trees on the street verge on expansive soils poses a risk to pavement and buildings. Information on long-term water use by individual trees in an urban environment is essential for local councils in developing urban tree management plans for sustainable planning of trees; however, this information is scarce. Micrometeorological models have commonly been used to estimate the canopy transpiration of plants in the absence of sap flow data. However, the reliability and accuracy of these models have rarely been assessed using sap flow measurements at the field site. This study aimed to provide the water use data of four individual Australian native Melaleuca styphelioides Sm. using sap flow instruments over 25 months. Tree transpiration, estimated based on three commonly used micrometeorological models using weather parameters and tree characteristics, was assessed and compared with sap flow measurements by employing the linear regression statistical analysis. The results revealed that the modified Penman–Monteith (PM) model demonstrated the highest level of accuracy among the evaluated models, consistently yielding lower errors and providing more reliable estimates of tree water use. This suggests that this model may be more appropriate for predicting plant water use in situations where sap flow data are unavailable.
How social is social media for transgender and gender-diverse youth? Association of online social experiences with internalizing mental health problems
Authors: Herrmann Lena , Barkmann Claus , Bindt Carola , Hohmann Sarah , Fahrenkrug Saskia , Becker-Hebly Inga
Published: March 2024

Adolescents spend a critical amount of their free time on the Internet and social media. Transgender and gender-diverse (TGD) adolescents, who report elevated rates of mental health issues, especially internalizing problems, have both positive and negative online social experiences (e.g., support and cyberbullying). This can have both beneficial and/or harmful effects on their mental health. Given the lack of research, the present study examined TGD adolescents’ online (social) experiences and the association of positive and negative online social experiences with internalizing problems. The sample consisted of n = 165 TGD adolescents (11–18 years) diagnosed with gender dysphoria who attended a Gender Identity Service for children and adolescents (Hamburg GIS) in Germany between January 2020 and December 2022 during the COVID-19 pandemic. Positive (use of online support networks) and negative online social experiences (cyberbullying or other adverse online interactions) were assessed using study-specific items and internalizing problems using the Youth Self-Report. Frequencies of various online (social) experiences were analyzed, and a multiple linear regression analysis was performed to test their association with internalizing problems. In total, 42% of participants reported positive online social experiences (use of online support networks) and 51% of participants reported negative online social experiences (cyberbullying or other adverse online interactions). There was no significant association between negative online social experiences and internalizing problems but between positive online social experiences and more internalizing problems (adjusted R2 = .01). TGD adolescents may seek online support, especially when struggling with mental health problems. Therefore, it is crucial to support youth navigating these online spaces more safely and positively and to empower them to buffer against potentially harmful experiences. Furthermore, strengthening offline relations with peers and family members is pivotal, given their importance for TGD adolescents’ mental health.
Design of an In Vitro Model for Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition in Gastric Cancer
Authors: Zhang Yuanhui , Bi Ling , Li Quanyao , Yao Liqiu , Wang Xiao , Liu Hui , Shi Jun
Published: March 2024

Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a developmental program that plays a vital role in gastric cancer, including aspects of tumor progression, the metastatic process, and resistance to treatment. Here, we have designed an in vitro model that mimics the features of EMT as observed in gastric cancer. The results showed that both migration and invasion were enhanced in gastric cancer cells with Brachyury overexpression. Additionally, the expression of IL-8 increased, while IL-8RA and IL-8RB levels significantly decreased in the in vitro model. Overall, the in vitro model offers an opportunity to study these phenomena relevant to EMT as they may occur in vivo in gastric cancer, as well as potential drug interactions that could interfere with these processes.