bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Genetic and genomic resources, and breeding for accelerating improvement of small millets: current status and future interventions
Authors: Vetriventhan M. , Azevedo Vania C. R. , Upadhyaya H. D. , Nirmalakumari A. , Kane-Potaka Joanna , Anitha S. , Ceasar S. Antony , Muthamilarasan M. , Bhat B. Venkatesh , Hariprasanna K. , Bellundagi Amasiddha , Cheruku Deepika , Backiyalakshmi C. , Santra Dipak , Vanniarajan C. , Tonapi Vilas A.
Published: July 2020

Current agricultural and food systems encourage research and development on major crops, neglecting regionally important minor crops. Small millets include a group of small- seeded cereal crops of the grass family Poaceae. This includes finger millet, foxtail millet, proso millet, barnyard millet, kodo millet, little millet, teff, fonio, job’s tears, guinea millet, and browntop millet. Small millets are an excellent choice to supplement major staple foods for crop and dietary diversity because of their diverse adaptation on marginal lands, less water requirement, lesser susceptibility to stresses, and nutritional superiority compared to major cereal staples. Growing interest among consumers about healthy diets together with climate-resilient features of small millets underline the necessity of directing more research and development towards these crops. Except for finger millet and foxtail millet, and to some extent proso millet and teff, other small millets have received minimal research attention in terms of development of genetic and genomic resources and breeding for yield enhancement. Considerable breeding efforts were made in finger millet and foxtail millet in India and China, respectively, proso millet in the United States of America, and teff in Ethiopia. So far, five genomes, namely foxtail millet, finger millet, proso millet, teff, and Japanese barnyard millet, have been sequenced, and genome of foxtail millet is the smallest (423-510 Mb) while the largest one is finger millet (1.5 Gb). Recent advances in phenotyping and genomics technologies, together with available germplasm diversity, could be utilized in small millets improvement. This review provides a comprehensive insight into the importance of small millets, the global status of their germplasm, diversity, promising germplasm resources, and breeding approaches (conventional and genomic approaches) to accelerate climate-resilient and nutrient-dense small millets for sustainable agriculture, environment, and healthy food systems.
Menthol as an Ergogenic Aid for the Tokyo 2021 Olympic Games: An Expert-Led Consensus Statement Using the Modified Delphi Method
Authors: Barwood M. J. , Gibson O. R. , Gillis D. J. , Jeffries O. , Morris N. B. , Pearce J. , Ross M. L. , Stevens C. , Rinaldi K. , Kounalakis S. N. , Riera F. , Mündel T. , Waldron M. , Best R.
Published: July 2020

Introduction

Menthol topical application and mouth rinsing are ergogenic in hot environments, improving performance and perception, with differing effects on body temperature regulation. Consequently, athletes and federations are beginning to explore the possible benefits to elite sport performance for the Tokyo 2021 Olympics, which will take place in hot (~ 31 °C), humid (70% RH) conditions. There is no clear consensus on safe and effective menthol use for athletes, practitioners, or researchers. The present study addressed this shortfall by producing expert-led consensus recommendations.

Method

Fourteen contributors were recruited following ethical approval. A three-step modified Delphi method was used for voting on 96 statements generated following literature consultation; 192 statements total (96/96 topical application/mouth rinsing). Round 1 contributors voted to “agree” or “disagree” with statements; 80% agreement was required to accept statements. In round 2, contributors voted to “support” or “change” their round 1 unaccepted statements, with knowledge of the extant voting from round 1. Round 3 contributors met to discuss voting against key remaining statements.

Results

Forty-seven statements reached consensus in round 1 (30/17 topical application/rinsing); 14 proved redundant. Six statements reached consensus in round 2 (2/4 topical application/rinsing); 116 statements proved redundant. Nine further statements were agreed in round 3 (6/3 topical application/rinsing) with caveats.

Discussion

Consensus was reached on 62 statements in total (38/24 topical application/rinsing), enabling the development of guidance on safe menthol administration, with a view to enhancing performance and perception in the heat without impairing body temperature regulation.
Artificial bee colony algorithm based on knowledge fusion
Authors: Wang Hui , Wang Wenjun , Zhou Xinyu , Zhao Jia , Wang Yun , Xiao Songyi , Xu Minyang
Published: July 2020

Artificial bee colony (ABC) algorithm is one of the branches of swarm intelligence. Several studies proved that the original ABC has powerful exploration and weak exploitation capabilities. Therefore, balancing exploration and exploitation is critical for ABC. Incorporating knowledge in intelligent optimization algorithms is important to enhance the optimization capability. In view of this, a novel ABC based on knowledge fusion (KFABC) is proposed. In KFABC, three kinds of knowledge are chosen. For each kind of knowledge, the corresponding utilization method is designed. By sensing the search status, a learning mechanism is proposed to adaptively select appropriate knowledge. Thirty-two benchmark problems are used to validate the optimization capability of KFABC. Results show that KFABC outperforms nine ABC and three differential evolution algorithms.
Strategies to Promote Biogas Generation and Utilisation from Palm Oil Mill Effluent
Authors: Foong Steve Z. Y. , Chong Mei Fong , Ng Denny K. S.
Published: July 2020

Palm oil mills generate a large amount of wastewater, known as palm oil mill effluent, during the production of crude palm oil. The high organic contents in palm oil mill effluent have an excellent potential for biogas utilisation. Besides, such effluent must be further treated before discharge or reused in milling processes. In this respect, an integrated biogas and wastewater treatment system should be developed. The aim of this paper is to synthesise and optimise an integrated biogas and wastewater treatment system via a process systems engineering tool that yields maximum economic performance. To illustrate the proposed approach, a typical palm oil mill case study in Malaysia is presented. The variation in palm oil mill effluent availability is considered to evaluate the changes in performance and ensuring the flexibility of the developed system. As shown in the results, implementation of integrated biogas and wastewater treatment system in a typical 60 t/h mill in Malaysia could export up to 1.9 MW electrical power on average. Alternatively, 110,800 GJ/year of compressed biomethane can be produced when feed-in to the national grid is not available. The implementation of integrated biogas and wastewater treatment system successfully reduces greenhouse gas emissions by 50,430 t CO2e/year as compared with the conventional open ponding system practiced in the industry. Lastly, feasibility studies and strategies to promote biogas utilisation in the industry are performed.
First, They Came for the Old and Demented:
Authors: Sætra Henrik Skaug
Published: July 2020

Health care technology is all the rage, and artificial intelligence (AI) has long since made its inroads into the previously human-dominated domain ofcare. AI is used in diagnostics, but also in therapy and assistance, sometimes in the form of social robots with fur, eyes and programmed emotions. Patient welfare, working conditions for the caretakers and cost-efficiency are routinely said to be improved by employing new technologies. The old with dementia might be provided with a robot seal, or a humanoid companion robot, and if these companions increase the happiness of the patients, why should we not venture down this road? Come to think of it, when we have these machines, why not use them as tutors in our schools and caretakers for our children? More happiness reported, as our children are entertained, well-nourished, well-trained and never alone. Lovely and loving robots have also been made, and happiness abounds when these are provided to lonely adults. Happiness all around, and a hedonistic heaven – the utilitarian’s dream, as reported, or measured, well-being reaches all-time highs. But there is a reason to be wary of this development. The logic that allows this development ultimately leads to the conclusion that we would all be best off if we could simply be wired to a computer that provided us with whatever we needed to feel perfectly satisfied. The care-giving machines are here.
Leveraging the Power of the Sharing Economy
Authors: Northey Gavin , Brodie Rod
Published: July 2020

Online, technology-enabled peer-to-peer sharing platforms are reshaping how consumers perceive, purchase, and consume a wide range of consumer goods and services ( Li & Lutz, 2019 ). As consumer familiarity with sharing platforms increases, this will fuel growth. Previous forecasts have estimated the sharing economy to grow from around $US15 billion in 2013 to more than $US335 billion by 2025 (PriceWaterhouseCoopers, 2015). Driving this growth will be demographics that previously have only ever played a supporting role, including women, the elderly, and an emerging global middle class ( Rinne, 2019 ). For example, 2018 was the first year the majority of the global population was categorized as middle class. In the next ten years, this number is expected to double to 5.2 billion people ( Kharas & Hamel, 2018 ). At the same time, women are expected to be responsible for over two-thirds of the rise in all disposable income across the next decade. Importantly, we are also seeing a new generation of socially aware millennials who are rejecting many of the things older generations see as fundamental economic necessities. The millennials have different values that prefer experiences over material possessions. The outcome may be a preference for access rather than ownership. If this is the case, we are likely to see exponential growth in the sharing economy across many sectors. As such, together, the nine papers that make up this special issue provide current, critical insight into what is shaping to be a major part of the global economy moving forward.
El Niño Detection Via Unsupervised Clustering of Argo Temperature Profiles
Authors: Houghton Isabel A. , Wilson James D.
Published: July 2020

Variability in the El Niño‐Southern Oscillation (ENSO) has global impacts on seasonal temperatures and rainfall. Current detection methods for extreme phases, which occur with irregular periodicity, rely upon sea surface temperature anomalies within a strictly defined geographic region of the Pacific Ocean. However, under changing climate conditions and ocean warming, these historically motivated indicators may not be reliable into the future. In this work, we demonstrate the power of data clustering as a robust, automatic way to detect anomalies in climate patterns. Ocean temperature profiles from Argo floats are partitioned into similar groups utilizing unsupervised machine learning methods. The automatically identified groups of measurements represent spatially coherent, large‐scale water masses in the Pacific, despite no inclusion of geospatial information in the clustering task. Further, spatiotemporal dynamics of the clusters are strongly indicative of El Niño events, the east Pacific warming phase of ENSO. The fitting of a cluster model on a collection of ocean profiles identifies changes in the vertical structure of the temperature profiles through reassignment to a different group, concisely capturing physical changes to the water column during an El Niño event, such as thermocline tilting. Clustering proves to be an effective tool for analysis of the irregularly sampled (in space and time) data from Argo floats and may serve as a novel approach for detecting anomalies given the freedom from thresholding decisions. Unsupervised machine learning could be particularly valuable due to its ability to identify patterns in data sets without user‐imposed expectations, facilitating further discovery of anomaly indicators.
Advective Lateral Transport of Streamwise Momentum Governs Mixing at Small River Confluences
Authors: Lewis Quinn , Rhoads Bruce , Sukhodolov Alexander , Constantinescu George
Published: July 2020

Confluences are important sites for mixing within river networks. Past work has shown that mixing within confluences is highly variable; in some cases flows mix rapidly and in other cases flows remain unmixed far downstream of the confluence. The fluvial processes that govern mixing within confluences remain poorly understood. This study relates patterns and amounts of mixing to three‐dimensional flow structure at three small confluences. It focuses on lateral fluxes of streamwise momentum, which theoretical considerations suggest should influence lateral mixing. Patterns and amounts of mixing differ at the three sites. Considerable mixing occurs at an asymmetrical confluence with strong helical motion within flow from the lateral tributary, which produces substantial differences in advective lateral transport of streamwise momentum over depth. Minor mixing occurs at a comparatively symmetrical confluence where incoming flows have relatively equal momentum fluxes; however, helical motion within one of the flows locally increases mixing. At a symmetrical confluence where one incoming flow has much greater momentum flux than the other, mixing occurs largely through progressive lateral shifting of the mixing interface toward the minor tributary because of the strong lateral flux of streamwise momentum by the dominant tributary. At all three confluences, lateral turbulent transport of streamwise momentum is an order of magnitude less than advective lateral transport of streamwise momentum. The study indicates that generalization of mixing at confluences remains challenging but that advective lateral fluxes of streamwise momentum related to secondary currents (helical motion) or primary flow (cross currents) greatly enhance mixing at confluences.
An Improved Covariate for Projecting Future Rainfall Extremes?
Authors: Roderick Thomas P. , Wasko Conrad , Sharma Ashish
Published: July 2020

Projection of extreme rainfall under climate change remains an area of considerable uncertainty. In the absence of geographically consistent simulations of extreme rainfall for the future, alternatives relying on physical relationships between a warmer atmosphere and its moisture carrying capacity are projected, scaling with a known atmospheric covariate. The most common atmospheric covariate adopted is surface air temperature, as it exhibits great consistency across climate model simulations into the future and, as per the Clausius‐Clapeyron relationship, has a well‐established link to atmospheric moisture capacity. However, empirical assessments of this relationship show that it varies with latitude, surface temperature, atmospheric temperature, and other factors, suggesting there may be more stable “global” atmospheric covariates that could be used instead. We argue that a better‐suited covariate would be one that captures the relationship between extreme rainfall and temperature but exhibits greater consistency in the relationship across regions as well as climatic zones. Our analysis identifies plausible atmospheric indicators of changes to future extreme rainfall, which now proliferate literature and compare their suitability based on the variability they exhibit across multiple geographical, topographic, and climatic zones within Australia. It is shown that surface air temperature exhibits a regionally inconsistent relationship with extreme rainfall and hence is not suitable for projecting to future conditions. The study identified integrated water vapor and surface dew point temperature as promising alternatives, with the former showing greater consistency in space but at the cost of reduced temporal coverage.
Labrador Sea Water Transport Across the Charlie‐Gibbs Fracture Zone
Authors: Gonçalves Neto Afonso , Palter Jaime B. , Bower Amy , Furey Heather , Xu Xiaobiao
Published: July 2020

Labrador Sea Water (LSW) is a major component of the deep limb of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation, yet LSW transport pathways and their variability lack a complete description. A portion of the LSW exported from the subpolar gyre is advected eastward along the North Atlantic Current and must contend with the Mid‐Atlantic Ridge before reaching the eastern basins of the North Atlantic. Here, we analyze observations from a mooring array and satellite altimetry, together with outputs from a hindcast ocean model simulation, to estimate the mean transport of LSW across the Charlie‐Gibbs Fracture Zone (CGFZ), a primary gateway for the eastward transport of the water mass. The LSW transport estimated from the 25‐year altimetry record is 5.3 ± 2.9 Sv, where the error represents the combination of observational variability and the uncertainty in the projection of the surface velocities to the LSW layer. Current velocities modulate the interannual to higher‐frequency variability of the LSW transport at the CGFZ, while the LSW thickness becomes important on longer time scales. The modeled mean LSW transport for 1993–2012 is higher than the estimate from altimetry, at 8.2 ± 4.1 Sv. The modeled LSW thickness decreases substantially at the CGFZ between 1996 and 2009, consistent with an observed decline in LSW volume in the Labrador Sea after 1994. We suggest that satellite altimetry and continuous hydrographic measurements in the central Labrador Sea, supplemented by profiles from Argo floats, could be sufficient to quantify the LSW transport at the CGFZ.
Towards enhanced sodium storage of anatase TiO2via a dual-modification approach of Mo doping combined with AlF3 coating
Authors: Bai Xue , Li Tao , Gulzar Umair , Venezia Eleonora , Chen Lin , Monaco Simone , Dang Zhiya , Prato Mirko , Marras Sergio , Salimi Pejman , Fugattini Silvio , Capiglia Claudio , Proietti Zaccaria Remo
Published: July 2020

In order to push forward the concept of sodium-ion batteries, a facile and cost effective synthesis method for achieving high performance anodes has been developed based on a dual modification of pristine anatase TiO2.
Fluorinated carboxylate ester-based electrolyte for lithium ion batteries operated at low temperature
Authors: Yang Yang , Li Panlong , Wang Nan , Fang Zhong , Wang Congxiao , Dong Xiaoli , Xia Yongyao
Published: July 2020

A novel fluorinated electrolyte is formulated with low freezing point and solvation energy, realizing high performance batteries that operate at low temperatures.
Monolayer PC5/PC6: promising anode materials for lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Fan Ke , Ying Yiran , Luo Xin , Huang Haitao
Published: July 2020

Monolayer PC5 and PC6 have been demonstrated as promising anode materials for lithium-ion batteries by theoretical calculations.
Synergistic effects between polyvinylpyrrolidone and oxygen vacancies on improving the oxidase-mimetic activity of flower-like CeO2nanozymes
Authors: Zhu Mingyun , Wen Yifeng , Song Shugui , Zheng Anqi , Li Jingcang , Sun Weiwei , Dai Yunqian , Yin Kuibo , Sun Litao
Published: July 2020

The synergy between polyvinylpyrrolidone and enriched oxygen vacancies can promote the adsorption of reactants (TMB and O2) and desorption of reaction products, which results in the enhanced oxidase-mimetic activity of CeO2nanoflowers.
Multi-interfaced graphene aerogel/polydimethylsiloxane metacomposites with tunable electrical conductivity for enhanced electromagnetic interference shielding
Authors: Ni Jingnan , Zhan Ruoyu , Qiu Jun , Fan Jincheng , Dong Binbin , Guo Zhanhu
Published: July 2020

Three-dimensional graphene aerogel/polydimethylsiloxane metacomposites with an integral multi-interface structure possess adjustable negative permittivity, excellent microwave absorption and electromagnetic interference shielding.
Ferroelectric low-voltage ON/OFF switching of chiral benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxamide derivative
Authors: Wu Jianyun , Takeda Takashi , Hoshino Norihisa , Akutagawa Tomoyuki
Published: July 2020

Chiral liquid crystalline benzene trialkylamide derivative showed much lower coercive electric field for ferroelectric switching.
Integrating 3D printing and self-assembly for layered polymer/nanoparticle microstructures as high-performance sensors
Authors: Jambhulkar Sayli , Xu Weiheng , Franklin Rahul , Ravichandran Dharneedar , Zhu Yuxiang , Song Kenan
Published: July 2020

A 3D printed, preferentially aligned, and alternate-layered polymer–carbon nanofiber microstructure for a high-performance chemical sensor has been fabricated.
Twenty years of precipitable water vapor measurements in the Chajnantor area
Authors: Cortés F. , Cortés K. , Reeves R. , Bustos R. , Radford S.
Published: July 2020

Context. Interest in the use of the Chajnantor area for millimeter and submillimeter astronomy is increasing because of its excellent atmospheric conditions. Knowing the general site annual variability in precipitable water vapor (PWV) can contribute to the planning of new observatories in the area.

Aims. We seek to create a 20-year atmospheric database (1997−2017) for the Chajnantor area in northern Chile using a single common physical unit, PWV. We plan to extract weather relations between the Chajnantor Plateau and the summit of Cerro Chajnantor to evaluate potential sensitivity improvements for telescopes fielded in the higher site. We aim to validate the use of submillimeter tippers to be used at other sites and use the PWV database to detect a potential signature for local climate change over 20 years.

Methods. We revised our method to convert from submillimeter tipper opacity to PWV. We now include the ground temperature as an input parameter to the conversion scheme and, therefore, achieve a higher conversion accuracy.

Reults. We found a decrease in the measured PWV at the summit of Cerro Chajnantor with respect to the plateau of 28%. In addition, we found a PWV difference of 1.9% with only 27 m of altitude difference between two sites in the Chajnantor Plateau: the Atacama Pathfinder Experiment and the Cosmic Background Imager near the Atacama Large Millimeter Array center. This difference is possibly due to local topographic conditions that favor the discrepancy in PWV. The scale height for the plateau was extracted from the measurements of the plateau and the Cerro Chajnantor summit, giving a value of 1537 m. Considering the results obtained in this work from the long-term study, we do not see evidence of PWV trends in the 20-year period of the analysis that would suggest climate change in such a timescale.
The First Billion Years project: Finding infant globular clusters at z = 6
Authors: Phipps Frederika , Khochfar Sadegh , Lisa Varri Anna , Dalla Vecchia Claudio
Published: July 2020

Aims. We aim to conduct an assessment of the demographics of substructures in cosmological simulations to identify low-mass stellar systems at high redshift, with a particular focus on globular cluster (GC) candidates.

Methods. We explored a suite of high-resolution cosmological simulations from the First Billion Years Project (FiBY) at z ≥ 6. All substructures within the simulations have been identified with the SUBFIND algorithm. From our analysis, two distinct groups of objects emerge. We hypothesise that the substructures in the first group, which appear to have a high baryon fraction (fb ≥ 0.95), are possible infant GC candidates. Objects belonging to the second group have a high stellar fraction (f* ≥ 0.95) and show a potential resemblance to infant ultra-faint dwarf galaxies.

Results. The high baryon fraction objects identified in this study are characterised by a stellar content similar to the one observed in present-day GCs, but they still contain a high gas fraction (fgas ∼ 0.95) and a relatively low amount of dark matter. They are compact systems, with densities higher than the average population of FiBY systems at the same stellar mass. Their sizes are consistent with recent estimates based on the first observations of possible proto-GCs at high redshifts. These types of infant GC candidates appear to be more massive and more abundant in massive host galaxies, indicating that the assembly of galaxies via mergers may play an important role in building several GC-host scaling relations. Specifically, we express the relation between the mass of the most massive infant GC and its host stellar mass as log(Mcl) = (0.31 ± 0.15) log (M*, gal + (4.17 ± 1.06). We also report a new relation between the most massive infant GC and the parent specific star formation rate of the form log(Mcl) = (0.85 ± 0.30) log (sSFR)+α that describes the data at both low and high redshift. Finally, we assess the present-day GC mass (GC number) – halo mass relation offers a satisfactory description of the behaviour of our infant GC candidates at high redshift, suggesting that such a relation may be set at formation.
Role of Chest Radiographs during COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Bhalla Ashu Seith , Jana Manisha , Naranje Priyanka , Manchanda Smita
Published: July 2020

Across the globe, computed tomography is the most widely used imaging modality mentioned in the published literature on the recent COVID-19 pandemic. However, in terms of availability, ease of use, and sanitization of the equipment; chest radiograph is a much more feasible option. However, interpretation of radiographs needs expertise to achieve appropriate diagnostic accuracy. This article will discuss its current role in diagnosis and severity assessment, as well as a systematic approach toward interpretation.
Association of Comorbidities with Coronavirus Disease 2019: A Review
Authors: Mitra Prasenjit , Suri Smriti , Goyal Taru , Misra Radhieka , Singh Kuldeep , Garg M. K. , Misra Sanjeev , Sharma Praveen ,   Abhilasha
Published: July 2020

The novel Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic started with few cases of pneumonia of unknown origin in Wuhan, China. It has now become one of the significant public health emergencies of all time. Within 5 months of its existence, it has led to a significant impact on national and international policies. Apart from being a medical emergency, it is also affecting the global economy, and without proper measures, it may have severely impact the socioeconomic statuses of individuals. It has profoundly challenged the healthcare infrastructure, particularly in low- and middle-income nations. Every nation is trying to safeguard its population and the health workers as adequately as possible. While we still wait for the development of an absolute cure in the form of a vaccine, preventive measures have taken the lead in reducing the disease spread and breaking the chain of transmission. The knowledge gained from the clinical characteristics of patients has suggested markers or comorbid conditions that may aid in the risk assessment. This narrative review aims to provide an update on SARS-CoV-2, the causative virus of COVID-19, its pathogenesis, the clinical and laboratory features, and its association with several comorbid conditions that may influence the prognosis of this disease.
Person vs. locative agreement
Authors: Kwok Lily , Berk Stephanie , Lillo-Martin Diane
Published: July 2020

Sign languages are frequently described as having three verb classes. One, ‘agreeing’ verbs, indicates the person/number of its subject and object by modification of the beginning and ending locations of the verb. The second, ‘spatial’ verbs, makes a similar appearing modification of verb movement to represent the source and goal locations of the theme of a verb of motion. The third class, ‘plain’ verbs, is characterized as having neither of these types of modulations. A number of researchers have proposed accounts that collapse all of these types, or the person-agreeing and spatial verbs. Here we present evidence from late learners of American Sign Language and from the emergence of new sign languages that person agreement and locative agreement have a different status in these conditions, and we claim their analysis should be kept distinct, at least in certain ways.
Lexical iconicity is differentially favored under transmission in a new sign language
Authors: Pyers Jennie , Senghas Ann
Published: July 2020

Observations that iconicity diminishes over time in sign languages (Frishberg
1975) pose a puzzle: Why should something so evidently useful and functional decrease? Using an archival dataset of
signs elicited over 15 years from 4 first-cohort and 4 third-cohort signers of an emerging sign language (Nicaraguan Sign
Language), we investigated changes in pantomimic (body-to-body) and perceptual (body-to-object) iconicity. We make three key
observations: (1) there is greater variability in the signs produced by the first cohort compared to the third; (2) while both
types of iconicity are evident, pantomimic iconicity is more prevalent than perceptual iconicity for both groups; and (3) across
cohorts, pantomimic elements are dropped to a greater proportion than perceptual elements. The higher rate of pantomimic iconicity
in the first-cohort lexicon reflects the usefulness of body-as-body mapping in language creation. Yet, its greater vulnerability
to change over transmission suggests that it is less favored by children’s language acquisition processes.
Cross-linguistic metaphor priming in ASL-English bilinguals
Authors: Schaller Franziska , Lee Brittany , Sehyr Zed Sevcikova , Farnady Lucinda O’Grady , Emmorey Karen
Published: July 2020

Meir’s (2010) Double Mapping Constraint (DMC)
states the use of iconic signs in metaphors is restricted to signs that preserve the structural correspondence between the
articulators and the concrete source domain and between the concrete and metaphorical domains. We investigated ASL signers’
comprehension of English metaphors whose translations complied with the DMC (Communication collapsed during the
meeting) or violated the DMC (The acid ate the metal). Metaphors were preceded by the ASL
translation of the English verb, an unrelated sign, or a still video. Participants made sensibility judgments. Response times
(RTs) were faster for DMC-Compliant sentences with verb primes compared to unrelated primes or the still baseline. RTs for
DMC-Violation sentences were longer when preceded by verb primes. We propose the structured iconicity of the ASL verbs primed the
semantic features involved in the iconic mapping and these primed semantic features facilitated comprehension of DMC-Compliant
metaphors and slowed comprehension of DMC-Violation metaphors.
Structural cues for symmetry, asymmetry, and non-symmetry in Central Taurus Sign Language
Authors: Ergin Rabia , Senghas Ann , Jackendoff Ray , Gleitman Lila
Published: July 2020

We investigate how predicates expressing symmetry, asymmetry and non-symmetry are encoded in a newly emerging sign language, Central Taurus Sign Language (CTSL). We find that predicates involving symmetry (i.e., reciprocal and symmetrical actions) differ from those involving asymmetry (i.e., transitive) in their use of the morphological devices investigated here: body segmentation, mirror-image articulators and double perspective. Symmetrical predicates also differ from non-symmetrical ones (i.e., intransitive) in their use of mirror-image configuration. Furthermore, reciprocal actions are temporally sequenced within a linear structure, whereas symmetrical actions are not. Thus, our data reveal that CTSL expresses each type of action with a particular combination of linguistic devices to encode symmetry, asymmetry, and non-symmetry. Furthermore, differences in the use of these devices across age cohorts of CTSL suggest that some have become more conventionalized over time. The same semantic distinctions have been observed – though with different realization – in another emerging sign language, Nicaraguan Sign Language (NSL). This converging suggests that natural human language learning capacities include an expectation to distinguish symmetry, asymmetry and non-symmetry.
Measuring lexical and structural conventionalization in young sign languages
Authors: Tkachman Oksana , Hudson Kam Carla L.
Published: July 2020

Compounding, as a nearly universal word-formation process that is very useful in emerging languages, might be expected to conventionalize early in a language’s history. However, a recent study focusing on novel compounding in ISL and ABSL found that this may not be the case, and moreover, that the two languages appear to differ in how compounding is conventionalizing (Tkachman & Meir 2018). In this paper, we follow up on their findings, using six new measures to further evaluate lexical and structural conventionalization in the same set of novel compounds elicited byTkachman & Meir (2018). We found that ISL shows more lexical convergence, whereas ABSL shows more structural convergence. We propose that the differences in conventionalization we observe can be linked to the different social circumstances of these languages (Meir et al. 2010).
Visual foreign accent in an emerging sign language
Authors: Sandler Wendy , Belsitzman Gal , Meir Irit
Published: July 2020

In the study of sign language phonology, little attention has been paid to the phonetic detail that distinguishes one sign language from another. We approach this issue by studying the foreign accent of signers of a young sign language – Al-Sayyid Bedouin Sign Language (ABSL) – which is in contact with another sign language in the region, Israeli Sign Language (ISL). By comparing ISL signs and sentences produced by ABSL signers with those of ISL signers, we uncover language particular features at a level of detail typically overlooked in sign language research. For example, within signs we find reduced occlusion (lack of contact), and across phrases there is frequent long distance spreading of the nondominant hand. This novel study of an emerging language in a language contact environment provides a model for comparative sign language phonology, and suggests that a community’s signature accent is part of the evolution of a phonological system.
Topic-open-endedness
Authors: Meir Irit
Published: July 2020

Humans can use language to refer to and describe endless varieties of situations, thoughts, ideas, and topics, actual or hypothetical. This capacity, which distinguishes human language from communication systems of other animals, is referred to here astopic-open-endedness.A key factor in explaining topic-open-endedness early in the life of a new sign language is the nature of the linguistic symbols, the words, and the human ability to extend their meanings – e.g., through metonymy and metaphor – to novel semantic domains, applying a finite lexicon to infinite situations and topics. Other early language properties such as predication and negation facilitate creativity and flexibility from the beginning. The property of recursion accounts for the creation of an infinite number of sentences from a finite set of words and rules. But itcannotaccount for the open-endedness of thecontentsof those sentences. Therefore, the importance attributed to recursion as thesolemechanism that isuniquely humanis overrated.
Assessing economic policies impact on human rights in Tunisia – lessons from a United Nations mission
Authors: Bohoslavsky Juan Pablo
Published: July 2020

Based on a United Nations mission the author conducted to Tunisia in 2017, this article studies the links between economy and human – in particular economic and social- rights in this country. It addresses the following two questions: how do the economic and financial difficulties and related policies implemented affect human rights in Tunisia? To what extent are corruption, illicit financial flows and human rights interlinked in the country? The text presents the most relevant international human rights standards and commitments of Tunisia as well as its national human rights framework concerning human rights and economic policies. It also presents the financial, economic and political challenges that the country faces and the government responses through economic reform programme. It also discusses the efforts made to address corruption and illicit financial flows, including asset recovery at home and abroad, the institutional capacity to fight illicit financial flows and corruption, establishing accountability and curbing impunity, the Truth and Dignity Commission, the organic law on reconciliation in the administrative field and accountability in the banking sector. The article concludes that, while acknowledging that the democratic government is still making efforts to cope with the economic legacy left by the Ben Ali’s regime, the economic reforms (such as austerity and adjustment) being implemented need to adopt a holistic human rights approach in order to ensure those reforms promote these rights more effectively. It also concludes that corruption continues to be a destabilizing force in Tunisia, infecting its economy and undermining the enjoyment of human rights in the country. Towards the end policy recommendations for discussion are presented.
Undergraduate students’ perceptions of learning about leadership in multifaith workplace
Authors: Allen Stuart , Williams Peter , Crowson Howard Michael
Published: July 2020

Workplace demographic changes and evidence of religious discrimination suggest that management educators should prepare students for multi-faith workplaces. However, quantitative research is lacking on the impact of courses designed to prepare students for multifaith workplaces or organizations
where spirituality is expressed. This quasi-experimental study examined the effects of a two-hour online lesson on leadership, religion, and spirituality on undergraduate students’ perceptions of the topic in pre-, post-, and eight-week post-lesson surveys. Two factors emerged representing
students’ perceptions. Changes in interest and openness to learning about leadership, religion, and spirituality were sustained over eight weeks. Changes in fear or apprehension about engaging this topic in the classroom or workplace were transient, decreasing initially, but returning
to pre-lesson levels at eight weeks. This study’s findings suggest that a single lesson shows potential to increase students’ openness and interest in learning about the intersection of leadership, religion, and spirituality.
Data transmission period consideration on the internet of thing node
Authors: Suherman S , Hasnita U , Rambe A H , Mubarakah N , Sembiring R
Published: July 2020

Internet of Things (IoT) has been very assistive in monitoring remote sites by placing some sensors connecting to the internet. Some sensors are located in fully available electrical sources; while some applications rely on the use of a battery. This paper concerns the latest, considering the quality of the sensed data against the power shortage. Vibration detection is chosen as the measured application. The remote sensor was designed by using MPU 6060, controlled by ATmega328 and connected to the internet through an intermediate node using 433 MHz radio. Intermediate node was controlled by ATmega8. Vibration data sent to the internet consists of minor and major vibrations. Major vibration occurs incidentally. Measurement shows that the sorter the data transmission period, the more effective sensor detecting major vibration. It is shown by the increment of vibration amplitude when the transmission period shorter. However, the more frequent the transmission, the more energy required. The assessment shows that data quality and power lifetime are determined by the transmission period.
An Approach for Measuring Research Strength Map of an Institution
Authors: Achsan H T Y , Suhartanto H , Wibowo W C , Putri W T H
Published: July 2020

The real research strength of an institution is important for establishing research priorities and developing an institutional research plan. It can also be used as a basis for SWOT analysis, developing vision-mission of an institution and also useful for research funder in distributing their research grants. Unfortunately, there was only a small number of researches found. In this article, we proposed a new method to quantify the quality of research outputs. The method is suitable for measuring research strength. We applied the method to an institution using research articles downloaded from a reputable document database/index. The results were research strength map in 27 subject areas and 337 subject categories.
Prediction for Dengue Fever in Indonesia Using Neural Network and Regression Method
Authors: Harumy T H F , Chan H Y , Sodhy G C
Published: July 2020

Dengue fever is the most hurriedly diffused mosquito-borne viral disease in the world. More than 33% of the total population in the world is under risk. Currently the prediction of dengue can save a person ‘s life by alerting them to take proper diagnosis and care. The Objectives of this research is (1) To Predict The area with the most potential to suspend dengue fever In Indonesia, And (2) to Predict dengue fever cases. (3). To analyz how many percent the effect factor of dengue fever. There are many ways to predict one of them is Regression and Deep learning Approach. Reseacher tried to analyz the most accurate such as Regression Multyplied, Neural Network, and Sensitivity Analysis. Set of data have been used is timeseries from 1997—2017. The Variable has been used for this research is Humadity, Temperature, Wind, Airpressure, Rainfall Index, income, sunlight, Population density, and output is cases. The Result of this research is first The area with the most potential to suspend Dengue fever In Indonesia 2019 is Jambi, Lampung, Bangka Belitung, West Sumatera, Central java with average Accuracy 87,16%. The Prediction dengue fever cases 2019 is 80233 Cases with accuracy 87,16%. The Third All variable ( X1 s.d X8) have been to effect to Partial and Simultaneous to (Y) in the amount of 0.16 (16 % ) with a significance level of 0.001 (99%). While the remaining 100% - 16% = 84% is influenced by other variables outside of this research.
Comparison of Crossover and Mutation Operators to Solve Teachers Placement Problem by Using Genetic Algorithm
Authors: Rosa P H P , Sriwindono H , Nugroho R A , Polina A M , Pinaryanto K
Published: July 2020

The placement of elementary school teachers is an NP-complex problem. Teacher placement can be optimized by considering several factors that influence their performance, including the distance of teacher’s residence to school, age, and gender of the teacher. This paper discusses the solution model of the problem based on genetic algorithms by finding a chromosome formation that represents the possibility of teachers placement solution, composing a population, and finding the recommended combination of two selected mutations operators and two selected crossover operators to achieve optimal results. The selected mutation operators were Reverse Sequence Mutation (RSM) and Partial Shuffle Mutation (PSM), while the selected crossover-operators were Single Point Crossover (SPX) and Ordered Crossover (OX). The combined performance of these operators is measured based on the fitness value and running time of the program. Based on experiments, it can be concluded that the combination of OX-PSM with mutation probability 1:20 gives the lowest minimum fitness value compared to other combinations of crossover and mutation operators. The running time of the combination of OX-PSM is stable in any mutation probability, ranging from 39,5 – 41 minutes.
Optimization Neural Network of Election of Investment Sector and Mapping of The Best Investment Are in The Terrible Area
Authors: Harumy T H F
Published: July 2020

The problem of this is still very interested domestic and foreign investors to invest in remote areas of Indonesia (3T) Disadvantaged, Outermost, Frontline whereas 3T Region has a very promising potential from various sectors. The purpose of this paper is to see what is best and best for investments that will provide positive results for both foreign and domestic investors. The analytical process used is the neural network and sensitivity analysis used to predict and determine what is most likely to be done investment. The results of the analysis in this paper are from the sector which analysed that is the sector of Hotel and Tourism Industry, Trade and Retail Sector, The most profitable E-commerce, Infrastructure and Construction, Plant and Agriculture business in 3T area is 1. Infrastructure & Construction, with value output 0.8269 2. Factory & Agriculture with output 0.7995 3. Hotels and Industries with output 0.7688 4 Retail trade & sector with output 0.82695. Ecommerce and Business with output 0.0261 Furthermore from 5 Regions which are sampling 3T area that is Aceh Singkil, Nias, South Nias, Coastal west Lampung, Mentawai Islands, Potential area for investment is 1. Five.8219 2. Mentawai with output 0.8021 3.West Lombok with output 0.7719 4.Nias with output 0.7072 and 5.South Nias with output 0.0272.
Performance Gasoline Generator Engine Fueled Liquid Petroleum Gas
Authors: Zulfan  , Burhanuddin Sitorus Tulus , Bin Nur Taufiq
Published: July 2020

The government has now taken a policy to replace the use of fossil fuel oil, such as gasoline and petroleum diesel, into gas fuel. A converter kit and the modification of air filter are used to flow LPG (Liquid Petroleum Gas) into a generator. In this experiment, a three kg gas cylinder is used as fuel to run a gasoline generator engine of EG 1000 N S Type which is produced by Honda. The engine has a specification to generated power of 220 volts with 4.1 A outputs and 0.9kVA (720 watts) when operated using Gasoline fuel. The electricity produced during the operation of the generator engine is 680-700 watt when fueled with LPG. It was found that the generator engine fueled with LPG contributes to lower emissions which are still following Indonesian government regulation standards with a threshold value of CO and nitrogen oxide less than 500 mg/NM3 and 400/NM3, respectively.
The Development of Heart Rate Detection Using Arduino Microcontroller and Android
Authors: Sihombing Poltak , Barus Yose E , Sembiring Sajadin , Zamzami Elviwati M
Published: July 2020

Nowadays heart attack is becoming a very deadly disease of human. This attack cannot be predicted, but it can be known from the human heartbeat which is a very vital health parameter of the human cardiovascular system. Heart rate reflects the health conditions of the human cardiovascular system that determined by such as stress at work, before or after sports and the psychology factor. Unfortunately, some people do not know their heart rate before or after doing an activity. This paper proposes of measuring technique of heart rate by using pulse sensor, Arduino microcontroller, and Android Smartphone. It is based on the principle of measuring the variation of blood volume in our body using a light source and detector. We also measure the heart rate by using the ECG or EKG (electrocardiogram) waveform as the comparison result of the pulse sensor with ECG waveform. The sensor consists of an infrared light-emitting-diode (LED) and a photodiode. The LED transmits an infrared light into the fingertip which is reflected back from the blood inside of finger arteries. The results show that this tool can detect the value of the heart rate and is displayed on the screen of an Android. The sensor takes under 10 seconds to detect the value of the heart rate. Notification via SMS will be sent the heart rate such as under normal conditions (BPM, Beat Per Minute <50, normal (BPM = 60 to 100) or above normal (BPM> 100).