bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nutrition considerations in pediatric surgical patients
Authors: Martins Debby S. , Piper Hannah G.
Published: May 2022

Children who require surgical interventions are subject to physiologic stress, necessitating a period of healing when nutrition needs may temporarily change. Providing appropriate nutrition to children before and after surgery is an important part of minimizing surgical morbidity. There is a clear link between poor nutrition and surgical outcomes, therefore providing good reason for ensuring an appropriate nutrition plan is in place for children requiring surgery. This review will address recent research investigating nutrition considerations for pediatric surgical patients with a focus on practical tools to guide decision making in the preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative periods.
Prenatal methotrexate injection increases behaviors possibly associated with depression and/or autism in rat offspring; A new animal model for mental disorder, based on folate metabolism deficit during pregnancy
Authors: Amada Naoki , Kakumoto Yusuke , Futamura Takashi , Maeda Kenji
Published: May 2022

Background

Deficiency of folate, an essential vitamin for DNA synthesis and methylation, is reported as a risk factor for mental disorders. Considering a possibility that folate metabolism deficit during pregnancy may disturb CNS development and increase mental disorders in offspring, we treated pregnant rats with methotrexate (MTX), an inhibitor of folate metabolic enzyme, and evaluated offspring behaviors.

Methods

Saline or MTX was intraperitoneally administered to female SD rats on gestational day 17. Offspring behaviors were evaluated during approximately 6–9 weeks old; prepulse inhibition (PPI), social interaction (SI), locomotor activity (LA), and forced swimming test (FST) for evaluation of schizophrenia, depression, and autism related behaviors; the elevated plus maze (EPM) and the light–dark box (LD) test for evaluation of anxiety.

Results

Compared to saline‐treated group, MTX‐treated group showed decrease of SI and increase of immobility time in FST. In addition, increases of time spent in the light box and shuttling between the light–dark boxes were observed in LD test. On the other hand, no changes were confirmed in EPM, LA, and PPI.

Conclusion

Decrease of SI and increase of immobility time in FST may suggest association of this animal model with depression and/or autism. Increase of time spent in the light box and shuttling between the light–dark boxes may indicate changes in anxiety or cognitive level to environment, or repetitive behaviors in autism. Although further studies are warranted to characterize this animal model, at least we can say that prenatal MTX exposure, possibly causing folate metabolism deficit, affects offspring behaviors.
Organosilica coating layer prevents aging of a polymer with intrinsic microporosity
Authors: Rubner Jens , Stellmann Leonie , Mertens Ann‐Kathrin , Tepper Maik , Roth Hannah , Kleines Lara , Dahlmann Rainer , Wessling Matthias
Published: May 2022

This study tracks the physical aging behavior of coated and uncoated ultra‐thin poly(1‐trimethylsilyl‐1‐propyne) (PTMSP) films on silicon wafers based on the refractive index using ellipsometry. The measured refractive index directly correlates with the free volume and hence the physical aging progression. Plasma‐enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) creates coatings with different thicknesses and oxidation degrees onto PTMSP films. Compared to uncoated PTMSP films, the PECVD‐coated films show a reduction of the refractive index increase of more than two orders of magnitude for less than 10 nm thin SiOx coatings. In contrast, SiOCH films show only a minor impact. The results reveal the superior physical aging behavior of PECVD‐coated films compared to untreated PTMSP films.
High‐Efficiency Adsorptive Removal of Phenol from Aqueous Solution Using Natural Red Clay and ZnO Nanoparticles
Authors: Moghazy Marwa A.
Published: May 2022

Phenol, a highly toxic compound, is a common hazardous chemical. Hence, eco‐friendly and cost‐effective technology for phenol elimination is required. The present study presents a comprehensive study to eliminate phenol compounds via an adsorption technique using ZnO nanoparticles and natural red clay as adsorbents. X‐ray diffraction (XRD), X‐ray fluorescence (XRF), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and Burnauer‐Emmett‐Teller (BET) analyses were conducted for adsorbent surfaces characterization. The impacts of various effects, such as pH and the adsorbent dose on the phenol removal efficiency are described. The results reveal that both ZnO and clay adsorbents removed 99.4 % of phenol at the optimum adsorbent dose of 0.6 g\L and 1 g\L with pH 8 and 2, respectively. The isotherm adsorption data for phenol fitted into Langmuir for the two adsorbents. Yet, the ZnO nanoparticle surface showed a higher capacity (342.72 mg\g) than the natural clay surface (84.01 mg\g). ZnO nanoparticles removed phenol from polluted water at a smaller dose (0.6 g\L) than natural clay (1 g\L). In conclusion, the two adsorbents showed high efficiency in the phenol compound removal.
The Effect of Surface Roughness of Magnetic Particles on the Electromagnetic Wave Absorbing Performance of Fe3O4/Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes Hybrids
Authors: Zheng Wen , Li Yiru , Zhang Aibo
Published: May 2022

Recently, for electromagnetic wave (EMW) absorption materials, a considerable literature has testified the significant role of structures, composition, morphologies and interface in the enhancement of absorbing properties. However, far too little attention has been paid to the intensive research of surface morphology of Fe3O4 particles. The objective of this paper is to research the influence of Fe3O4 morphology on absorbing performance of Fe3O4/Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes (MWCNTs) hybrids. The morphology of Fe3O4 particles was adjusted by the templating agent content of NH4HCO3 and NH4Ac in hydrothermal process. Of importance, we proposed to quantify the difference of Fe3O4 morphology by surface roughness. The surface roughness of three Fe3O4 particles are characterized by atomic force microscopes (AFM), which were 13.1 nm, 21.3 nm and 32.4 nm, respectively. The three absorbing hybrids were prepared via blending Fe3O4 particles with MWCNTs, and the minimum reflection loss (RLmin) of the three hybrids were −24.89 dB, −30.88 dB and −41.00 dB, respectively. The results indicated that the Fe3O4 with larger surface roughness tends to exhibit better EMW absorbing performance. It can be inferred that the greater roughness of Fe3O4 particles is an important factor to enhance EMW absorbing properties of Fe3O4/MWCNTs hybrids.
Highly Sensitive and Selective Sulfite Ion Sensor Based on Biochemically Stable Iodo‐Functionalized Coumarin Fluorophores
Authors: Bhasin Aman K. K. , Chauhan Pooja , Chaudhary Savita , Umar Ahmad , Baskoutas Sotirios
Published: May 2022

Belonging to the class of sulfur oxyanions, the physiologically prevalent sulfite (SO32−) species has been serving as a popular synthetic additive to enhance the shelf life of a plethora of foods and beverages like bread and wine. On the contrary, an impermissible endogenous accumulation of this reactive sulfur species via multiple factors has been concerned in the functioning of skin disorders and neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's. Accordingly, a pivotal role of sulfite in food quality and human health warrants a reliable analytical technique for the rapid and sensitive detection of SO32− ions in environmental specimens. This article features a new‐fangled iodo‐functionalized coumarin molecule (D), followed by an exploration of its analytical utility as a selectively sensitive sensor for SO32− ions via “switch‐on” fluorescence. In stark contrast to its poorly ion‐discriminating iodine‐free analogue (E) as reported in the literature, the new fluorophore D was capable of rapidly sniffing out sulfite ions (∼3 min) in a specific range of 1000–1 μM, in the back‐drop of a diverse array of environmentally relevant anions at an ultra‐low concentration of 77 nM in semi‐aqueous medium by using simple and cheap fluorescence spectroscopy. The formed sensor found highly selective and sensitive in presence of wide variety of interfering ions and biothiols, which suggest their extreme utilization in the real samples. According to best of our knowledge, it is the first report, which can detection sulfite ion at very low concentration level and it work efficiently under UV‐illumination with bright fluorescence. A comparable sensitivity of D towards the target analyte (SO32− ions) was also recorded in real samples i. e. fresh real water samples and fresh juice specimens.
Surfactant‐Assisted Dilute Phosphoric Acid Plus Steam Explosion of Poplar for Fermentable Sugar Production
Authors: Tong Denghui , Zhan Peng , Zhang Weifeng , Zhou Yongcai , Huang Yilei , Qing Yan , Chen Jienan
Published: May 2022

In this work, a fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether based nonionic surfactant named JFC−M was introduced into a dilute phosphoric acid plus steam explosion of poplar for the enhancement of fermentable sugar production. Factors influenced the pretreatment efficiency such as JFC−M, phosphoric acid, steam explosion pressure, and residence time were optimized by single factor and orthogonal test. An 86.3 % cellulose recovery rate was achieved. Besides, an 85.7 % enzymatic saccharification rate was obtained under the optimized parameters as follows: 1 : 2.5 solid/liquid rate, 2 h pre‐soaking time, 1.0 v/v% JFC−M, 2.0 wt% phosphoric acid, 2.2 MPa steam explosion pressure, 120 s residence time. The morphological and structural characteristics of samples before and after pretreatment were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, X‐ray diffraction, and Fourier transform infrared techniques, showing that the adding of JFC−M was of a notable influence on overcoming the biomass recalcitrance of feedstock and boosting cellulose digestion.
Efficient Self‐Supported Bifunctional NiMo Alloy Electrocatalysts for Water Splitting in Alkaline Environment
Authors: Wang Yechen , Wang Yange , Bai Jing , Lau Woon‐Ming
Published: May 2022

Hydrogen attracts researchers′ attention because its combustion products are very clean and will not pollute the environment. Electrocatalytic water splitting is a sustainable hydrogen energy production technology, which splits water into hydrogen and oxygen. In electrocatalytic water splitting, high activity catalysts can reduce the potential barrier of catalytic reaction and speed up the reaction, among which transition metal alloy catalysts have attracted extensive attention in the application of electrocatalysis due to their excellent electrochemical activity, stability and easy preparation. In this paper, the NiMoO4 precursor was firstly synthesized by the facile hydrothermal reaction, and then the self‐supported NiMo alloy was synthesized by annealing. The results indicate that NiMo alloy has efficient hydrogen evolution activity (34 mV) and oxygen evolution activity (279 mV) at 10 mA cm−2. More importantly, the water splitting system consisting of NiMo alloys demonstrates excellent performance and stability. At 10 mA cm−2, the voltage is 1.489 V, and it can be stable for at least 10 hours at 70 mA cm−2. This study can provide some ideas for the study of water splitting electrocatalysts.
Al‐modified Mesoporous SiO2‐matrix‐supported Uniform CeO2 Nanodots with Superior Catalytic Efficiency in DCE Combustion
Authors: Deng Jianwei , Xue Fan , Huo Can , Zhao Yuanbiao , Li Lei , Liu Qing , Cui Mifen , Qiao Xu , Fei Zhaoyang
Published: May 2022

Adjusting the acidity and/or oxygen species on the surface of metal oxide nanostructures could fabricate the high active and durable catalysts for the combustion of chlorinated volatile organic compounds (CVOCs). Herein, Al‐modified mesoporous SiO2 matrix supported uniform CeO2 nanodots (CeO2@xAlSiO2) was synthesized and evaluated in dichloroethane (DCE) catalytic combustion. From the systematic study of the texture structure, surface properties, and catalytic activity, we deduced that the improved surface acidity and oxygen species activity enhanced the DCE conversion and reduced the formation of chlorinated organic byproduct, while increasing the formation of the desired product, HCl. The optimized CeO2@0.5AlSiO2 sample showed superior activity (90 % conversion of DCE at 260 °C), excellent durability (at 280 °C for 60 h) and good tolerance towards moisture (in 1 % and 3 % moisture for 10 h, respectively). Our work identified the important role of surface acidity and oxygen species over these functionalized catalysts, providing guidance for the advanced catalyst design.
Iodine Catalysed Tandem Stereoselective Acetalation‐Glycosylation of Reducing Sugars Using Acetals/Ketals: Application in the Synthesis of Orthogonally Protected Nucleosides
Authors: Banday Junaid Shafi , Ahmed Ajaz , Mukherjee Debaraj
Published: May 2022

A convenient and efficient one pot method has been developed for molecular iodine catalysed tandem synthesis of acetonide protected O‐glycosides from reducing sugars and acetals/ketals. Various free sugars reacted smoothly with both acetals and ketals to form orthogonally protected O‐glycosides in good yields at room temperature. The method works well in the presence of various external alcohols. Acetonide protected methyl ribofuranoside thus formed was utilized for the synthesis of C‐5 protected ribonucleoside derivative.
Authorship and typification of Rubiaceae names published by A.P. de Candolle and A. Richard revisited
Authors: Kirkbride Joseph H. , Wiersema John H.
Published: May 2022

The taxonomic work of A. Richard on the Rubiaceae was shared with A.P. de Candolle, who was simultaneously working on the family for his Prodromus treatment. Due to delays in the publication of Richard's work, many of his new names and descriptions first appeared in Candolle's publication. While the new names were ascribed to Richard, the descriptions were not, so authorship of the names is cited as “A.Rich. ex DC.” or simply “DC.” Typification of the names involved thus depends primarily on Candolle's publication, not that of Richard.
Evolution of osmosensing OSCA1 Ca2+ channel family coincident with plant transition from water to land
Authors: Wu Xiaomei , Yuan Fang , Wang Xuewen , Zhu Shan , Pei Zhen‐Ming
Published: May 2022

Water is crucial to plant growth, development, and environmental adaptation. Water stress triggers cytosolic Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i) increases, and the osmosensor OSCA1 (REDUCED‐HYPEROSMOLALITY‐INDUCED‐[Ca2+]i‐INCREASE 1), a member of the OSCA family, perceives the initial water stress and governs its downstream responses. OSCA homologs exist in eukaryotes and largely radiate in higher plants. However, it is enigmatic whether the OSCA family is crucial for plant evolution from aqueous to terrestrial environments and for the subsequent adaptation on land. Here, we carried out the first phylogenetic and molecular evolutionary analyses of the OSCA family. The family originated and diversified during the early evolution of protists, and three more lineages were established (a) in plants, (b) in fungi, and (c) in a complex clade of several major eukaryotic lineages. The chlorophyte algal cluster is directly basal to streptophyte‐specific Clades 1–3, consistent with plant transition from water to land. The Clades 1–3 present different gene expansion pattern and together with previous functional analysis of OSCAs reveal that they probably have evolved diverse functions in respond to various mechanical stresses during the independent evolution of land plant clades. Moreover, variable selection pressures on different land plant lineages were explored. OSCAs in early land plants (mosses and lycophytes) were under decelerated evolution, whereas OSCAs in seed plants showed accelerated evolution. Together, we hypothesize OSCAs have evolved to sense water stress in the ancestor of euphyllophytes, which occupies typical leaves, typical roots, and phloem tissues, all of which require osmosensors to maintain water balance and food conduction through plant bodies.
Climbing the Ladder? Community Perspectives on Learning to Be a Good Citizen in Uganda
Authors: Bananuka Twine H. , Kontinen Tiina , Holma Katariina
Published: May 2022

This chapter examines the ways in which members of a rural community in Western Uganda perceive and conceptualize diverse ways of learning to be a good citizen. It analyzes data generated by means of a tool called the ‘ladder of citizenship’, which facilitated explication of local ideas concerning good citizenship, and reflections on how one can ‘climb the ladder’, thus learning to be a better citizen. The chapter draws on, first, the concept of cultural citizenship, which understands citizenship as a continuous learning process that takes place through interaction in informal settings, and second, the notion of folk pedagogies that refers to people’s own conceptualizations of learning. The chapter establishes how the idea of good citizenship revolves mainly around one’s role in the local community. It further identifies five categories of participants’ ideas of learning citizenship, including heredity (obuzalirwaana), religion (ediini), copying and observation (kukopa), challenges (ebizibu) and education and training (kusomesebwa).
From Reactivity to Sustainable Citizenship: Perspectives from Braidotti’s Philosophy
Authors: Itkonen Anna , Holma Katariina
Published: May 2022

In response to the polarisation and environmental crises of our times, relationally oriented vocabularies have arisen to challenge the ideal of an autonomous rational subject central to traditional humanism and liberal individualism. This chapter contributes to the theme of the book by linking citizenship to the new materialist philosopher Rosi Braidotti’s relational view of agency. The authors introduce two Braidotti-inspired modes of agency—sustainable citizenship and reactivity—and elucidate the latter in the context of populism. In sustainable citizenship, subjects are driven by affirmative relations, which form the basis for diverse and sustainable communities. Reactivity appears as its counterforce, where negative affects and discursive power—tied to unitary identities and fixed representations—diminish the subjects’ capacity to connect and relate to others. The chapter argues that sustainable citizenship calls for educational practices that allow for the critical examination of self-representations and offer tools to overcome habitual, dialectical modes of meaning-making.
Einleitung
Authors: Ametowobla Dzifa
Published: May 2022

Mit der vorliegenden Arbeit führe ich Erkenntnisse aus verschiedenen soziologischen Debatten über digitale Technik zusammen und biete  eine Antwort auf die Frage an, wie Software im Sozialen relevant wird. Ich stelle dabei die Themen Macht und Kontrolle in den Mittelpunkt und betrachte Software als Artefakt, welches immer auch geschaffen und genutzt wird, um die Unsicherheiten des Sozialen zu kontrollieren. Mit diesem Fokus schließe ich an eine lange Tradition der soziologischen Auseinandersetzung mit digitaler Technik an (Beniger 1986; Zuboff 1988). Gleichzeitig nehme ich dadurch die primär instrumentelle Perspektive auf, mit der Software in der Regel von Informatiker*innen und auch von den meisten anderen Akteur*innen betrachtet wird, die sie konstruieren und nutzen. Diese instrumentelle Perspektive basiert auf einer Annahme, die mit dem konstruktivistischen Blick, mit dem ich in der vorliegenden Arbeit auf Software schaue, deutlich erkennbar wird. Diese Annahme lautet: Soziales kann über Software gezielt kontrolliert werden. Worauf diese Annahme fußt, wer sie aufstellt und welche Auseinandersetzungen geführt werden, um sie aufrecht zu erhalten, wird in dieser Arbeit beschrieben. Mein Ziel ist es, eine soziologische Perspektive auf Software zu entwickeln, mit der diese Auseinandersetzungen sichtbar gemacht werden können. Diese Perspektive soll es Soziolog*innen ermöglichen, die Besonderheiten digitaler Technik ernst zu nehmen, ohne ihre Bedeutung für das Soziale zu überhöhen.
Die Komplexität von Software aus soziologischer Perspektive: Modelle, Unsicherheiten und Rekursivität
Authors: Ametowobla Dzifa
Published: May 2022

In diesem Kapitel nutze ich die Komplexität von Software, die in diesem Zitat aus dem „Duden Informatik“ thematisiert wird, als Ausgangspunkt, um die Probleme zu skizzieren, die im Kern einer Soziologie der Software stehen, wie sie in der vorliegenden Arbeit verstanden wird. Zu diesem Zweck lege ich erstens die Grundprinzipien dar, auf denen Software basiert. Ich stelle zweitens verallgemeinert vor, wie die sozialen Prozesse ablaufen, in denen Software entwickelt und genutzt wird, welche Akteur*innengruppen daran beteiligt sind und wie diese Prozesse durch die sozialen Systeme, also Organisationen, Projekte o.ä., beeinflusst werden, in denen sie stattfinden.
The case of sleeping beauties in nanotechnology: a study of potential breakthrough inventions in emerging technologies
Authors: Tur Elena M. , Bourelos Evangelos , McKelvey Maureen
Published: May 2022

This study aims to determine whether innovation depends on long-term patterns of interactions in technology and science, using patents in nanotechnology. The previous literature has distinguished between a technology’s degree of novelty (science-base) and degree of technological impact, highlighting that links to the science-base will lead to more breakthrough inventions, due to distant recombinations. We extend the debate by distinguishing two types of science linkages, “direct and strong science-base” and “indirect and more diverse science-base.” To find long-term patterns, we developed an empirical strategy to study nanotechnology patents through the metaphor of “sleeping beauties”, e.g., delayed recognition and high impact. We show that sleeping beauties occur more frequently in nanotechnology than in the general population of patents, so nanotechnology is an emerging technology that may delay breakthrough inventions. As expected, both types of science linkages create a higher impact. Contrary to expectations, however, neither “direct and strong science-base” (proxied by university ownership) nor “indirect and more diverse science-base” (proxied by the non-patent literature) are significant. Although this emerging technology has many science linkages, these do not cause a delayed impact. Control variables of IPC application class and company ownership do matter. We conceptualize that these are typical characteristics when firms combine several technologies for industrial innovation. Among other contributions, we propose that the non-patent literature should not be considered a proxy for science linkages in general, but instead this reflects a search amongst various types of codified as well as informal technological and scientific knowledge. We suggest that the long-term patterns of delayed recognition and high impact in science-based technologies may require the firms to recombine multiple technologies, specializations, and industrial applications in order to do industrial invention.
Lactiplantibacillus plantarum E51 protects against Clostridioides difficile-induced damages on Caco-2 intestinal barrier functions
Authors: Jeng Huey-Sheng , Yan Tsong-Rong
Published: May 2022

Clostridioides difficile (C. difficile) infection is associated with high morbidity and mortality. This study aimed to evaluate the protective effect of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum E51 (L. plantarum E51) on C. difficile infection using the Caco-2 monolayer in vitro model. Caco-2 cells were infected with C. difficile in the presence/absence of L. plantarum E51 or Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG). Caco-2 intestinal barrier functions, such as monolayer integrity, IL-8 secretion, and tight junction protein expression, were quantified to investigate the extent to which L. plantarum E51 protected against C. difficile infection in vitro. Furthermore, inhibition of C. difficile adhesion to Caco-2 cells by L. plantarum E51 was explored using competition, exclusion, and displacement assays. The results indicated that L. plantarum E51 inhibited C. difficile growth, ameliorated C. difficile-caused decrease in transepithelial/ transendothelial electrical resistance, attenuated C. difficile-induced IL8 secretion, and upregulated claudin-1 protein expression that was inhibited by C. difficile. Moreover, L. plantarum E51 suppressed C. difficile adhesion to Caco-2 cells. In conclusion, these findings demonstrated that L. plantarum E51 substantially protected against C. difficile-induced damages on intestinal barrier functions in Caco-2 cells. The probiotic potential of L. plantarum E51 against C. difficile infection warrants further investigation.
Evolution of chemically induced cracks in alkali feldspar: thermodynamic analysis
Authors: Abart Rainer , Petrishcheva Elena , Habler Gerlinde , Sutter Christoph , Fischer Franz Dieter , Predan Jozef , Kegl Marko , Rammerstorfer Franz G.
Published: May 2022

A system of edge cracks was applied to polished (010) surfaces of K-rich gem-quality alkali feldspar by diffusion-mediated cation exchange between oriented feldspar plates and a Na-rich NaCl–KCl salt melt. The cation exchange produced a Na-rich layer at and beneath the specimen surface, and the associated strongly anisotropic lattice contraction lead to a tensile stress state at the specimen surface, which induced fracturing. Cation exchange along the newly formed crack flanks produced Na-enriched diffusion halos around the cracks, and the associated lattice contraction and tensile stress state caused continuous crack growth. The cracks nucleated with non-uniform spacing on the sample surface and quickly attained nearly uniform spacing below the surface by systematic turning along their early propagation paths. In places, conspicuous wavy cracks oscillating several times before attaining their final position between the neighboring cracks were produced. It is shown that the evolution of irregularly spaced towards regularly spaced cracks including the systematic turning and wavyness along the early propagation paths maximizes the rate of free energy dissipation in every evolutionary stage of the system. Maximization of the dissipation rate is suggested as a criterion for selection of the most probable evolution path for a system undergoing chemically induced diffusion mediated fracturing in an anisotropic homogeneous brittle material.
A chondrule formation experiment aboard the ISS: microtomography, scanning electron microscopy and Raman spectroscopy on Mg$$_2$$SiO$$_4$$ dust aggregates
Authors: Spahr Dominik , Koch Tamara E. , Merges David , Bayarjargal Lkhamsuren , Genzel Philomena-Theresa , Christ Oliver , Wilde Fabian , Brenker Frank E. , Winkler Björn
Published: May 2022

We performed an experiment under long-term microgravity conditions aboard the International Space Station (ISS) to obtain information on the energetics and experimental constraints required for the formation of chondrules in the solar nebula by ’nebular lightning’. As a simplified model system, we exposed porous forsterite (Mg$$_2$$

2

SiO$$_4$$

4

) dust particles to high-energetic arc discharges. The characterization of the samples after their return by synchrotron microtomography and scanning electron microscopy revealed that aggregates had formed, consisting of several fused Mg$$_2$$

2

SiO$$_4$$

4

particles. The partial melting and fusing of Mg$$_2$$

2

SiO$$_4$$

4

dust particles under microgravity conditions leads to a strong reduction of their porosity. The experimental outcomes vary strongly in their appearance from small spherical melt-droplets ($$\varnothing \approx$$

∅
≈

 90 µm) to bigger and irregularly shaped aggregates ($$\varnothing \approx$$

∅
≈

 350 µm). Our results provided new constraints with respect to energetic aspects of chondrule formation and a roadmap for future and more complex experiments on Earth and in microgravity conditions.
The aging immune system in Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases
Authors: Heavener Kelsey S. , Bradshaw Elizabeth M.
Published: May 2022

The neurodegenerative diseases Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Parkinson’s disease (PD) both have a myriad of risk factors including genetics, environmental exposures, and lifestyle. However, aging is the strongest risk factor for both diseases. Aging also profoundly influences the immune system, with immunosenescence perhaps the most prominent outcome. Through genetics, mouse models, and pathology, there is a growing appreciation of the role the immune system plays in neurodegenerative diseases. In this review, we explore the intersection of aging and the immune system in AD and PD.
A Moiré interference pattern formation of magnetic nanoparticles by rotational magnetic field controlled interfacial self-assembly
Authors: Han Yuexia , Fan Fengguo , PengWang  , Liu Dan , Hu Fengxia , Zhu Pengfei , Sun Jianfei
Published: May 2022

‘Magic-angled’ structure currently attracts increasing attention from condensed matter physics due to its amazing performance in superconductivity of graphene. The similar pattern formation of nanoparticles will bring about novel physics in nanoscale that causes the next generation nanodevices. However, it remains a challenging task to acquire such patterns by self-assembly process. In this article, we reported a Moiré interference pattern formation of magnetic nanoparticles regulated by a rotational magnetic field. The colloidal concentration, the strength, and the frequency of magnetic field were found to affect the pattern formation. The mechanism lied in a two-step process. First, the magnetic nanoparticles formed bilayers of superlattice driven by hydrophobic interaction of interfacial self-assembly. Then, the bilayers of superlattice yielded asynchronous rotational displacement resulting from the magnetic force so that the Moiré interference pattern of nanoparticles formed. This fabrication methodology based on the field-controlled self-assembly provided a novel and simple means to get ‘magic angled’ structures in nanoscale that will enrich the physical understanding of nanotechnology.
Change in Precipitation over the Tibetan Plateau Projected by Weighted CMIP6 Models
Authors: Zhao Yin , Zhou Tianjun , Zhang Wenxia , Li Jian
Published: May 2022

Precipitation over the Tibetan Plateau (TP) is important to local and downstream ecosystems. Based on a weighting method considering model skill and independence, changes in the TP precipitation for near-term (2021–40), mid-term (2041–60) and long-term (2081–2100) under shared socio-economic pathways (SSP1-1.9, SSP1-2.6, SSP2-4.5, SSSP3-7.0, SSP5-8.5) are projected with 27 models from the latest Sixth Phase of the Couple Model Intercomparison Project. The annual mean precipitation is projected to increase by 7.4%–21.6% under five SSPs with a stronger change in the northern TP by the end of the 21st century relative to the present climatology. Changes in the TP precipitation at seasonal scales show a similar moistening trend to that of annual mean precipitation, except for the drying trend in winter precipitation along the southern edges of the TP.

Weighting generally suggests a slightly stronger increase in TP precipitation with reduced model uncertainty compared to equally-weighted projections. The effect of weighting exhibits spatial and seasonal differences. Seasonally, weighting leads to a prevailing enhancement of increase in spring precipitation over the TP. Spatially, the influence of weighting is more remarkable over the northwestern TP regarding the annual, summer and autumn precipitation. Differences between weighted and original MMEs can give us more confidence in a stronger increase in precipitation over the TP, especially for the season of spring and the region of the northwestern TP, which requires additional attention in decision making.
ADAMTS7 Attenuates House Dust Mite-Induced Airway Inflammation and Th2 Immune Responses
Authors: Jaiswal Anil Kumar , Mishra Amarjit
Published: May 2022

Purpose

ADAMTS7 is a secreted metalloproteinase enzyme and proteoglycan associated with the early progression of coronary artery disease. However, there is limited information regarding the role of ADAMTS7 in lung adaptive immunity and inflammation. Thus, we sought to assess whether ADAMTS7 expression in the lung modulates house dust mite (HDM)-induced airway inflammation and Th2 immune response.

Methods

The role of ADAMTS7 in HDM-induced airway disease was assessed in ADAMTS7-deficient (ADAMTS7−/−) mice and compared with the wild-type control mice by flow cytometry, ELISA, and histopathology. Furthermore, the antigen priming capability of dendritic cells (DC) was determined ex vivo by employing coculture with CD4+ OT-II cells.

Results

ADAMTS7−/− mice develop an augmented eosinophilic airway inflammation, mucous cell metaplasia, and increased Th2 immune response to inhaled HDM. In addition, allergen uptake by lung DC and migration to draining mediastinal lymph node were significantly increased in ADAMTS7−/− mice, which shows an enhanced capacity to mount allergen-specific T-cell proliferation and effector Th2 cytokine productions. We propose that the mechanism by which ADAMTS7 negatively regulates DC function involves attenuated antigen uptake and presentation capabilities, which reduces allergic sensitization and Th2 immune responses in the lung.

Conclusion

In aggregate, we provide compelling evidence that ADAMTS7 plays a pivotal role in allergic airway disease and Th2 immunity and would be an attractive target for asthma.
Undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma of the breast with neoplastic fever: case report and genomic characterization
Authors: Gambichler Thilo , Horny Kai , Mentzel Thomas , Stricker Ingo , Tannapfel Andrea , Scheel Christina H. , Behle Bertold , Quast Daniel R. , Lee Yi-Pei , Stücker Markus , Susok Laura , Becker Jürgen C.
Published: May 2022

Purpose

Primary breast sarcomas are extraordinary rare, in particular undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma (UPS). UPS with neoplastic fever (UPS-NF) of the breast has not been reported yet. Here, we present an extended UPS-NF of the breast including its comprehensive molecular workup.

Methods

A 58-year-old female presented with general malaise, fever spikes, weight loss, and a massively swollen left breast. C-reactive protein and blood leucocytes were significantly increased. However, repeated blood cultures and smears were all sterile. Histopathology of the abscess-forming tumor revealed an undifferentiated malignancy with numerous of tumor giant cells as well as spindle-shaped cells with nuclear pleomorphism and hyperchromasia. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated partial, patchy desmin staining and weak heterogonous neuron-specific enolase immunoreactivity of tumor cells, but a focal staining for Melan-A.

Results

Neither common melanoma driver mutations nor an ultraviolet mutational signature was detected by whole genome sequencing. Using FISH and RT-PCR we also excluded translocations characteristic for clear cell sarcoma. Thus, the diagnosis of inflammatory UPS-NF of the breast was considered highly probable. Despite a complete mastectomy, the tumor recurred after only three months. This recurrence was treated with a combination of ipilimumab and nivolumab based on the primary tumor’s TPS score for PD-L1 of 30%. After an initial response, however, the tumor was progressive again.

Conclusion

We describe here the first case of UPS-NF of the breast, which shows great clinical and histopathologic resemblances to previously reported UPS-NF of other anatomic localizations.
Impact of intra-abdominal insufflation pressure on gas leakage occurring during laparoscopy
Authors: Dalli Jeffrey , Montminy Tess , Ferguson Makenzie , Khan Mohammad Faraz , Nolan Kevin , Cahill Ronan A.
Published: May 2022

Introduction

The advent of the COVID-19 pandemic led to recommendations aimed at minimizing the risk of gas leaks at laparoscopy. As this has continuing relevance including regarding operating room pollution, we empirically quantified carbon dioxide (CO2) leak jet velocity (important for particle propulsion) occurring with different instruments inserted into differing trocars repeated across a range of intra-abdominal pressures (IAPs) and modern insufflators in an experimental model.

Method

Laparoscopic gas plume leak velocity (metres/second) was computationally enumerated from schlieren optical flow videography on a porcine cadaveric laparoscopic model with IAPs of 4–5, 7–8, 12–15 and 24–25 mmHg (repeated with 5 different insufflators) during simulated operative use of laparoscopic clip appliers, scissors, energy device, camera and staplers as well as Veres needle (positive control) and trocar obturator (negative control) in fresh 5 mm and 12 mm ports.

Results

Close-fitting solid instruments (i.e. cameras and obturators) demonstrated slower gas leak velocities in both the 5 mm and 12 mm ports (p = 0.02 and less than 0.001) when compared to slimmer instruments, however, hollow instrument designs were seen to defy this pattern with the endoscopic linear stapler visibly inducing multiple rapid jests even when compared to similarly sized clip appliers (p = 0.03). However, on a per device basis the operating instrumentation displayed plume speeds which did not vary significantly when challenged with varying post size, IAP and a range of insufflators.

Conclusion

In general, surgeon's selection of instrument, port or pressure does not usefully mitigate trocar CO2 leak velocity. Instead better trocar design is needed, helped by a fuller understanding of trocar valve mechanics via computational fluid dynamics informed by relevant surgical modelling.
Robot-assisted minimally invasive esophagectomy (RAMIE) vs. hybrid minimally invasive esophagectomy: propensity score matched short-term outcome analysis of a European high-volume center
Authors: Babic Benjamin , Müller Dolores T. , Jung Jin-On , Schiffmann Lars M. , Grisar Paula , Schmidt Thomas , Chon Seung-Hun , Schröder Wolfgang , Bruns Christiane J. , Fuchs Hans F.
Published: May 2022

Introduction

Transthoracic esophagectomy is a highly complex and sophisticated procedure with high morbidity rates and a significant mortality. Surgical access has consistently become less invasive, transitioning from open esophagectomy to hybrid esophagectomy (HE) then to totally minimally invasive esophagectomy (MIE), and most recently to robot-assisted minimally invasive esophagectomy (RAMIE), with each step demonstrating improved patient outcomes. Aim of this study with more than 600 patients is to complete a propensity-score matched comparison of postoperative short-term outcomes after highly standardized RAMIE vs. HE in a European high volume center.

Patients and Methods

Six hundred and eleven patients that underwent transthoracic Ivor–Lewis esophagectomy for esophageal cancer between May 2016 and May 2021 were included in the study. In January 2019, we implemented an updated robotic standardized anastomotic technique using a circular stapler and ICG (indocyanine green) for RAMIE cases. Data were retrospectively analyzed from a prospectively maintained IRB-approved database. Outcomes of patients undergoing standardized RAMIE from January 2019 to May 2021 were compared to our overall cohort from May 2016–April 2021 (HE) after a propensity-score matching analysis was performed.

Results

Six hundred and eleven patients were analyzed. 107 patients underwent RAMIE. Of these, a total of 76 patients underwent a robotic thoracic reconstruction using the updated standardized circular stapled anastomosis (RAMIE group). A total of 535 patients underwent HE (Hybrid group). Seventy patients were propensity-score matched in each group and analysis revealed no statistically significant differences in baseline characteristics. RAMIE patients had a significantly shorter ICU stay (p = 0.0218). Significantly more patients had no postoperative complications (Clavien Dindo 0) in the RAMIE group [47.1% vs. 27.1% in the HE group (p = 0.0225)]. No difference was seen in lymph node yield and R0 resection rates. Anastomotic leakage rates when matched were 14.3% in the hybrid group vs. 4.3% in the RAMIE group (p = 0.07).

Conclusion

Our analysis confirms the safety and feasibility of RAMIE and HE in a large cohort after propensity score matching. A regular postoperative course (Clavien–Dindo 0) and a shorter ICU stay were seen significantly more often after RAMIE compared to HE. Furthermore it shows that both procedures provide excellent short-term oncologic outcomes, regarding lymph node harvest and R0 resection rates. A randomized controlled trial comparing RAMIE and HE is still pending and will hopefully contribute to ongoing discussions.
Model-based fleet deployment in the IoT–edge–cloud continuum
Authors: Song Hui , Dautov Rustem , Ferry Nicolas , Solberg Arnor , Fleurey Franck
Published: May 2022

With the increasing computing and networking capabilities, IoT devices and edge gateways have become part of a larger IoT–edge–cloud computing continuum, where processing and storage tasks are distributed across the whole network hierarchy, not concentrated only in the cloud. At the same time, this also introduced continuous delivery practices to the development of software components for network-connected gateways and sensing/actuating nodes. These devices are placed on end users’ premises and are characterized by continuously changing cyber-physical contexts, forcing software developers to maintain multiple application versions and frequently redeploy them on a distributed fleet of devices with respect to their current contexts. Doing this correctly and efficiently goes beyond manual capabilities and requires an intelligent and reliable automated solution. This paper describes a model-based approach to automatically assigning multiple software deployment plans to hundreds of edge gateways and connected IoT devices implemented in collaboration with a smart healthcare application provider. From a platform-specific model of an existing edge computing platform, we extract a platform-independent model that describes a list of target devices and a pool of available deployment plans. Next, we use constraint solving to automatically assign deployment plans to devices at once with respect to their specific contexts. The result is transformed back into the platform-specific model and includes a suitable deployment plan for each device, which is then consumed by our engine to deploy software components not only on edge gateways but also on their downstream IoT devices with constrained resources and connectivity. We validate the approach with a fleet deployment prototype integrated into a DevOps toolchain used by the partner application provider. Initial experiments demonstrate the viability of the approach and its usefulness in supporting DevOps for edge and IoT software development.
Comparison of two different mindfulness interventions among health care students in Finland: a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Repo Saara , Elovainio Marko , Pyörälä Eeva , Iriarte-Lüttjohann Mónica , Tuominen Tiina , Härkönen Tiina , Gluschkoff Kia , Paunio Tiina
Published: May 2022

We investigated the short- and long-term effects of two different evidence-based mindfulness training on students’ stress and well-being. A randomised controlled trial with three measurement points (baseline, post-intervention, and 4 months post-intervention) was conducted among undergraduate students of medicine, dentistry, psychology, and logopaedics at the University of Helsinki. The participants were randomly assigned into three groups: (1) face-to-face mindfulness training based on the Mindfulness Skills for Students course (n = 40), (2) a web-based Student Compass program using Mindfulness and Acceptance and Commitment therapy (n = 22), and (3) a control group that received mental health support as usual (n = 40). The primary outcome was psychological distress measured using the Clinical Outcomes in Routine Evaluation Outcome Measure (CORE-OM). Secondary outcomes included hair cortisol concentrations and a wide range of well-being indicators. Psychological distress increased in all the groups from baseline to post-intervention, but significantly less so in the intervention groups than in the control group. At 4-month follow-up, were found no differences between the primary outcomes of the control and intervention groups, but the participants who continued practising mindfulness at least twice a week were less stressed than the others. Our results suggest that participating in a mindfulness course may mitigate health care students’ psychological distress during the academic year, but only if the participants continue practising mindfulness at least twice a week.
A Remark on the Spherical Bipartite Spin Glass
Authors: Genovese Giuseppe
Published: May 2022

Auffinger and Chen (J Stat Phys 157:40–59, 2014) proved a variational formula for the free energy of the spherical bipartite spin glass in terms of a global minimum over the overlaps. We show that a different optimisation procedure leads to a saddle point, similar to the one achieved for models on the vertices of the hypercube.
Kyushu Decorative Tumuli Project: From e-Heritage to Cyber-Archaeology
Authors: Ikeuchi Katsushi , Morimoto Tetsuro , Kamakura Mawo , Kuchitsu Nobuaki , Kawano Kazutaka , Ikeda Tomoo
Published: May 2022

Digitization of cultural assets has become an important sub-area of computer vision (CV). Thus far, the value of digitization has been emphasized in terms of asset preservation and exhibition. The third aspect of digitization value is that the obtained digital data can be used to perform archaeological analysis based on physics and optics theories and simulations. This position paper emphasizes the importance of this third aspect, using our Kyushu decorative tumuli project as an illustrative example. In particular, we focus on the photometric approaches in the third aspect and explain the equipment and methods developed there as well as archaeological findings. This paper, then, proposes to establish this area as “cyber-archaeology” through categorizing and organizing those methodologies.
Data-centric multi-task surgical phase estimation with sparse scene segmentation
Authors: Sanchez-Matilla Ricardo , Robu Maria , Grammatikopoulou Maria , Luengo Imanol , Stoyanov Danail
Published: May 2022

Purpose

Surgical workflow estimation techniques aim to divide a surgical video into temporal segments based on predefined surgical actions or objectives, which can be of different granularity such as steps or phases. Potential applications range from real-time intra-operative feedback to automatic post-operative reports and analysis. A common approach in the literature for performing automatic surgical phase estimation is to decouple the problem into two stages: feature extraction from a single frame and temporal feature fusion. This approach is performed in two stages due to computational restrictions when processing large spatio-temporal sequences.

Methods

The majority of existing works focus on pushing the performance solely through temporal model development. Differently, we follow a data-centric approach and propose a training pipeline that enables models to maximise the usage of existing datasets, which are generally used in isolation. Specifically, we use dense phase annotations available in Cholec80, and sparse scene (i.e., instrument and anatomy) segmentation annotation available in CholecSeg8k in less than 5% of the overlapping frames. We propose a simple multi-task encoder that effectively fuses both streams, when available, based on their importance and jointly optimise them for performing accurate phase prediction.

Results and conclusion

We show that with a small fraction of scene segmentation annotations, a relatively simple model can obtain comparable results than previous state-of-the-art and more complex architectures when evaluated in similar settings. We hope that this data-centric approach can encourage new research directions where data, and how to use it, plays an important role along with model development.