bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Compatibility of Vegetable Oil Based Lubricating Greases With Different Mineral Oil Based Greases
Authors: Kumar Anoop , Humphreys Steve , Mallory Bill
Published: August 2011

Applications of lubricants and greases based on vegetable or animal sources route back to horary past. Until the beginning of the 19th Century, lubricants were reported to be primarily based on beef tallow and vegetable oils. However, advances in petroleum derived mineral oils led to the replacement of these greases with mineral oil based lubricants. The reasons for their dominance may basically be attributed to high performance compared to vegetable oil based lubricants and greases and also their cheaper cost. Environmental consciousness and the speeding race for green lubricants has once again revived vegetable oil based lubricants. Compatibility of greases is an important property of greases that plays a crucial role in some applications like centralized lube system. As the base oil composition of mineral/synthetic oils is significantly different than vegetable oils, it might considerably influence the compatibility of the greases. In view of this, compatibility studies of vegetable oil based greases with mineral oil based greases have been carried out. The vegetable oil based greases formulated with lithium complex, lithium–calcium, and aluminum complex thickeners have been studied to determine the compatibility with non-vegetable oil based greases having lithium, lithium complex, aluminum complex, polyurea, calcium sulfonate thickeners, etc. However, the various greases covered in this paper are just base greases and do not contain any performance additives considering the fact that additives may significantly influence the compatibility of finished grease with other greases under investigation. It is interesting to note that the vegetable oil based greases evaluated so far have either been found incompatible or just borderline compatible.
What Influences Internet-Based Learning?
Authors: Liao Pei -Wen , Hsieh Jun Yi
Published: August 2011

The aim in this study was to determine whether Internet-based learning is affected by perceived playfulness, satisfaction, and the performance expectancy effect. The performance expectancy of students based on experience may also be generated directly by the target that caused the emotions.
Thus, we used perceived playfulness to explore the impact of performance expectancy. Data collected from 600 university students in Taiwan were tested against the research model using structural equation modeling. The results strongly support the proposed model in predicting performance expectancy
when using Internet-based learning. Several implications for social influence, perceived playfulness, satisfaction, and performance expectancy research in relation to Internet-based learning are discussed.
The Determinants of Income for the Elderly in Taiwan
Authors: Wang Hsiang-Ping
Published: August 2011

Based on the data from Taiwan's Elderly Health and Living Status Survey (Bureau of Health Promotion, 2003), in this paper an analysis was carried out of the sources and levels of income of Taiwan elderly and their correlation with sex, age, education, marital status, and number of children.
We found that elderly men tended to have higher levels of income and more institutional income sources than women did, and that elderly women relied more on personal sources of income. Elderly people who had been married and who had many children were found to have lower income than did those
with few children. Reduced work and spouse's death were identified as the 2 events most likely to cause income change for the elderly between 1989 and 2000.
Goal Orientation and Self-Efficacy as Predictors of Male Adolescent Soccer Players' Motivation to Participate
Authors: Çetinkalp Zisan Kazak , Turksoy Ayse
Published: August 2011

The purpose in this investigation was to determine whether or not goal orientation and self-efficacy level could predict the motivation to participate in adolescent male soccer players. Participants were 159 male soccer players aged 13 and 14 (M = 13.43, SD = .49). Multiple
regression analysis was used to analyze data. Achievement/status and competition were positively predicted by ego orientation. Skill development was positively predicted by task orientation. Team affiliation, being active/movement, and fitness/energy were positively predicted by self-efficacy.
Goal orientation and self-efficacy were not found to be significant predictors of fun and friendship.
Anger as a Mediator of the Effects of Anxiety on Aggressiveness in Teacher Trainees
Authors: Çankaya İbrahim
Published: August 2011

In this study the aim was to assess the effects of anxiety on aggressiveness as mediated by anger in teacher trainees. The study group was composed of senior-year students attending Firat University in Turkey during the fall semester of the 2009-2010 academic year. Data from 251 students
were analyzed using LISREL version 8.51. It was found that the direct effect of anxiety on aggressiveness was reduced when mediated through anger. Among trainee teachers, anxiety was found to affect aggressiveness in a more positive direction through anger.
Effects of Peer Relationships and Gender on Turkish Children's Language Skills
Authors: Gulay Hulya
Published: August 2011

The relationships among language skills, peer relationships, and gender were investigated with 236 Turkish children aged between 5 and 6 years. I found that aggression was not a significant predictor of language skills when controlling for gender. Prosocial behavior, asocial behavior,
exclusion, fearfulness/anxiety, hyperactivity/distractibility, and victimization variables were significant predictors of the language skills of children while controlling for gender.
Factors Affecting High School Teachers' Knowledge-Sharing Behaviors
Authors: Chen Chih-Chung
Published: August 2011

In this research the knowledge-sharing behaviors of high school teachers were explored. Using planned behavior theory based on a scientific literature review, several exogenous variables were identified, such as organizational climate and resource fit. Regression analysis was used to
examine the hypotheses; all hypotheses were supported. Based on the results, all added exogenous variables have an identical effect on teachers' knowledge-sharing behaviors.
Keratocystic odontogenic tumour: An experience in the northeast of Brazil
Authors: Araújo Mello , Araújo Gurgel , Ramos Gonçalves , de Souza , Schlaepfer-Sales Brandi , de Azevedo , Santos Dos
Published: August 2011

Introduction. Keratocystic odontogenic tumours raise particular interest,
because of their high recurrence rate and association with nevoid basal cell
carcinoma syndrome. Objective. To analyze the clinical and histopathological
features of all cases diagnosed as keratocystic odontogenic tumour in a
Brazilian population. Methods. A total of 64 keratocystic odontogenic
tumours, arising in forty-six patients, were evaluated using the following
parameters: association with nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome, gender,
age at first diagnosis, race, anatomical location, symptoms, radiographic
features, history of recurrence, association with teeth, and treatment.
Results. Keratocystic odontogenic tumours were more frequent among women than
men (1:0.84). The mean patient age was 31.5 years (SD: ?16.6). Ten tumours
(16.4%) involved the maxilla and 51 (83.6%) the mandible. Swelling (n=12;
46.1%), followed by pain and swelling (n=4; 15.3%), were most common clinical
manifestations. A unilocular radiotransparency with well-defined margins was
the main radiographic finding (n=29; 87.8%). A significant association was
observed between the multilocular radiographic pattern and recurrence
(p<0.05, Fisher?s Test). Sixty-one (95.3%) tumours were treated by surgical
enucleation followed by bone curettage, and the recurrence rate was 13%
(n=6). This study showed that the keratocystic odontogenic tumours relapsed
within a mean period of 25-36 months. Conclusion. Despite the results of this
study being similar to previous reports found in the literature, it provides
an important insight about keratocystic odontogenic tumours in a Brazilian
population.
Incidence of lip and palate clefts in children in Nis from 1990 to 2007
Authors: Mitic Vladimir , Jonovic Marina , Mitic Nadica , Mitic Aleksandar , Mitic Dejan , Stojanovic Mariola , Kovacevic Predrag
Published: August 2011

Introduction. Cleft lip and palate is a complex congenital anomaly of the
orofacial system in children. Objective. The aim of this study was to
determine the incidence of live-born children with cleft lip and/or palate
compared to the total number of children born in the period from January 1,
1990 to December 31, 2007. Methods. Epidemiological investigation was based
on the records of live-born children at the Hospital of Gynaecology and
Obstetrics of the Clinical Centre Nis. The study included 61,116 live-born
children, i.e. 56,905 full-term babies. Results. The total number of
registered clefts during the investigation period was 43 (22 boys and 21
girls). The most frequent were the secondary palate clefts (44.2%); combined
clefts were present in 34.9%, while primary palate clefts were reported in
20.9%. In respect to the season and order of birth, there was no
statistically significant difference in the frequency of the primary,
secondary and complete palate clefts. The age of mothers was not identified
as a risk factor for the occurrence of cleft lip and palate. Conclusion. In
the studied period, 43 children were born with the cleft lip and/or palate,
equally in boys as in girls. The secondary palate clefts were most frequent.
The season and order of birth had no statistical influence on the occurrence
of this anomaly.
Does sclerotherapy of remnant little oesophageal varices after endoscopic ligation have impact on the reduction of recurrent varices?: Prospective study
Authors: Grgov Sasa , Stamenkovic Perica
Published: August 2011

Introduction. Endoscopic band ligation (EBL) is superior to endoscopic
injection sclerotherapy (EIS) of oesophageal varices, however, EBL is
associated with a higher rate of variceal recurrences. Objective. To examine
whether the reduction of recurrent varices can be achieved by additional
sclerotherapy of remnant little varices after ligation. Methods. Forty-eight
patients with liver cirrhosis who had previously bled from oesophageal
varices were examined. Endoscopic therapy was performed in order to prevent
recurrent variceal bleeding. I group: in 23 patients ligation of oesophageal
varices with multi band ligation device was applied (EBL group). II group: in
25 patients sclerotherapy using polydocanol or absolute alcohol was applied
after reducing the size of varices using ligation (EBL and EIS group).
Results. There was no statistically significant difference between the
examined groups of patients in relation to the number of sessions for
variceal eradication, recurrence of variceal bleeding, deterioration of
portal gastropathy and mortality in the observed period from 18.8?18.6 months
(EBL group) and 22.2?26.2 months (EBL and EIS group). Variceal recurrence was
verified in 21.7% of patients of the EBL group and 16% of the EBL and EIS
group, but the difference was not statistically important. Several
complications, such as dysphagia and chest pain, were statistically more
frequent in the EBL and EIS group of patients. Conclusion. The combined
method of ligation and extra sclerosing of remnant small oesophageal varices
after ligation does not have advantage in relation to the ligation alone.
The role of hormonal ovarian ablation in adjuvant treatment of premenopausal breast cancer
Authors: Murtezani Zafir , Neskovic-Konstantinovic Zora , Stanisavljevic Natasa , Kovcin Vladimir
Published: August 2011

Introduction. Breast cancer is the most frequent malignant disease in women
with about 25% compared to all malignant tumours. Chemotherapy, antiestrogen
and ovarian ablation/ supression present effective adjuvant approach for
premenopausal women diagnosed with hormonal depended, operable breast cancer.
Objective. To evaluate benefits of combined chemo/hormonal therapy that is
undutiful, but optimal application has not yet been clearly determined.
Methods. Thirty-six women were divided into three therapy groups. The first
group (13 women) was treated with six cycles of adjuvant FAC chemotherapy
followed by regular check-ups; the second group (13 women) after six cycles
of adjuvant FAC chemotherapy continued treatment with a two-year application
of goserelin given by subcutaneous injections (FAC-Z); the third group (10
women), after six cycles of adjuvant FAC chemotherapy continued with once per
month application of gorselin for two years and a daily application of 20 mg
tamoxifen for five years (FAC-Z-T). The length of overall disease free period
and survival were analyzed in all three groups. Results. The benefit of LH-RH
analogues in premenopausal women with hormone-dependent breast cancer was
found to be low, and probably limited to smaller subgroups of patients,
possibly such as those with either both steroid receptors positive (ER and
PR) or those with an extremely high level of steroid receptors. In our paper,
analyses of such subgroups could not been performed due to a small sample of
patients. The effect of therapy is better in patients, who developed
amenorrhoea, regardless of the type of later hormonal therapy. Conclusion.
Ovarial ablation, whatever the method, should be probably applied as early as
possible within the treatment of early breast cancer, especially in patients
in whom chemotherapy induced amenorrhoea is not expected, i.e. in very young
female patients.
Intramural haematoma and penetrating aortic ulcer -outcome and treatment modalities: Report of four cases
Authors: Koncar Igor , Davidovic Lazar , Colic Momcilo , Dragas Marko , Ilic Nikola , Menkovic Nemanja , Vuckovic Maja , Kalimanovska-Ostric Dimitra , Cvetkovic Slobodan , Kostic Dusan
Published: August 2011

Introduction. Intramural haematoma (IMH) and penetrating aortic ulcers (PAU)
are the frequent cause of acute aortic syndrome that is disclosed with a
rising frequency due to the development of new diagnostic methods. Different
symptoms contribute to clinical misdiagnosis, while changeable locations and
unpersuasive diameter can lead the radiologists to underestimate such
changes. The outcome of PAU and IMH differs, and for the time being there are
no data on prognostic factors. The diversity of symptoms and disease course
is presented in four cases with different manifestations, treatment and
outcome. Outline of Cases. Two patients with IMH were treated conservatively
due to the process extensiveness and its morphology. One patient had a
complete restitution, while the other had progression of the disease. Other
two patients with PAU were treated by surgery (stent graft implantation)
according to the morphology and diameter of the aorta. Conclusion. IMH and
PAU should be suspected in patients with unclear clinical presentation (back
and abdominal pains). Although outcome and complications of these diseases
are well known, their incidence has not been fully studied. Endovascular
treatment is less invasive and followed by a potentially lower rate of
complications. However, usage of this method is justifiable only in patients
with associated complications.
Sudden cardiac death in young athletes
Authors: Mazic Sanja , Ilic Vladimir , Djelic Marina , Arandjelovic Aleksandra
Published: August 2011

Cardiovascular diseases are the cause of death in up to 90% of athletes. The
most frequent cause of death in young athletes is a sudden cardiac death
(SCD). Causes of SCD among athletes are strongly correlated with age. In
young athletes (<35 years), the leading causes are congenital cardiac
diseases, particularly hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and congenital coronary
artery anomalies. By contrast, most of deaths in older athletes (<35 years)
are due to coronary artery disease. Although there is no possibility to
decrease the risk of SCD to ?zero?, especially in sport competitions, clear
recommendations, if available, for cardiovascular evaluation before athletic
participation and side effects of sports activities, would minimize the
frequency of SCD. If a specific condition of the cardiovascular system is
diagnosed, it is necessary to establish the risk of SCD associated with a
continual involvement in physical activities and competitive sports, and to
define clearly disqualification criteria for each individual athlete.
Effect of feeding yeast culture on ruminal fermentation and blood indicators of Holstein dairy cows
Authors: Doležal Petr , Dvořáček Jan , Doležal Jan , Čermáková Jana , Zeman Ladislav , Szwedziak Katarzyna
Published: August 2011

The experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of yeast culture (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) supplementation on ruminal fermentation in 20 Holstein dairy cows divided into control and experimental groups, each group of 10 cows. The animals received a diet based on maize silage (19 kg), alfalfa silage (15 kg), meadow hay (1.5 kg), extracted rapeseed meal (1 kg) and concentrate mixture (9.5 kg). The diets were fed as a total mixed ration. The supplement of yeast culture Levucell® SC 20 (Saccharomyces cerevisiae – CNCM I-1077; min. content 2 × 1010 CFU·g-1) was added to the concentrate mixture in the ration fed to the experimental group of animals. The addition of yeast culture significantly (P < 0.01) increased ruminal pH but had no positive effects on the increased production of volatile fatty acids. The supplementation of yeast culture significantly (P < 0.01) increased numbers of protozoa in the rumen of dairy cows of the experimental group (361.3 ± 18.315) compared to the control group (308.3 ± 37.505). The addition of yeast culture significantly (P < 0.01) increased concentration of serum glucose, calcium, phosphorus, copper, zinc, magnesium and AST (P < 0.05). As compared to the control group (4.948 ± 0.0384 mmol·l-1), the level of urea in the blood serum was significantly decreased (P < 0.01) in the experimental group of cows. Our results show that the supplementation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae culture at recommended doses enhances ruminal fermentation which may have a positive effect on milk production and health status of Holstein dairy cows.
Glycerol as source of energy in broiler chicken fattening
Authors: Kroupa Leo , Suchý Pavel , Straková Eva , Herzig Ivan
Published: August 2011

The objective of this study was to verify the possibility of replacing soybean oil in a diet with glycerol, and investigate the effect of glycerol on performance indicators and health in broiler chickens. The experiment was performed on 122 one-day-old chickens that were divided based on sex into two control groups (30 females and 31 males) and two experimental groups (30 females and 31 males). Half (50%) of the soybean oil in diets used in the experimental groups was replaced with glycerol at a ratio of 1:2. On 15, 32 and 38 day of age chickens of both sexes in the experimental group that were fed with diets containing glycerol showed significantly higher (p ≤ 0.01) mean body weight compared to the control group. At the end of the experiment, the mean weight of chickens in the control group was 2.078 kg, whereas the mean weight of chickens in the experimental group was 2.341 kg. In females, the overall consumption of diets within 38 days of fattening was 3.588 kg in the control group and 4.011 kg in the experimental group, in males, it was 3.915 kg in the control group and 4.366 kg in the experimental group, i.e. it was higher in experimental chickens. Feed conversion in chickens in experimental groups was better, being 1.84 kg in the control group and 1.81 kg in the experimental group in females, and 1.73 kg in the control group and 1.72 kg in the experimental group in males. It follows from our results that the optimum amount of glycerol in feed for poultry is 5%.This study presents an original solution to optimize feed formula by replacing plant oil with glycerol. The results of the study can improve production indicators and economy in broiler fattening.
Effect of sulphachloropyrazine on antioxidative systems in blood and liver of broilers
Authors: Kostadinović Ljiljana M. , Pavkov Sava T. , Lević Jovanka D. , Galonja-Coghill Tamara A. , Dozet Gordana K. , Bojat Nenad Č.
Published: August 2011

This report describes the effects of therapeutic doses of coccidiocid sulphachloropyrazine on enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidative systems in haemolysed blood and liver homogenate from broilers (glutathione, glutathione-reductase, glutathione-peroxidase, peroxidase, superoxide-dismutase, xantine-oxidase and lipid peroxidation). The in vivo investigation was carried out on 120 heavy-line broilers (Arbor acres) of both sexes. One-day-old broilers were randomly distributed into 2 groups, each numbering 60 individuals of both sexes: Group 1 - control group; Group 2 - group of broilers inoculated with laboratory derived coccidia species on the 21st day-of-age. When symptoms of coccidiosis appeared (30th day-of-age), blood sampling and decapitation of 20 chickens were carried out (Group 2a). The remaining broilers were treated with therapeutic doses of sulphachloropyrazine (60 ppm). Decapitation of 20 chickens was carried out after the therapy was concluded (38th day-of-age – Group 2b). Infection of broilers with coccidia intensified free radical processing in haemolysed blood and liver homogenate. This was evident from the increased levels of lipid peroxidation and the catalytic activity of almost all examined enzymes (SOD, GSHPx and Px). Therapeutic doses of sulphachloropyrazine inhibited free-radical activity induced by disease and establishing of physiological values of lipid peroxidation and catalase activity of examined enzymes.
Assessment of mercury contamination of the Svitava and Svratka rivers and muscle of chub (Leuciscus cephalus L.) in the urban agglomeration of Brno in the Czech Republic
Authors: Kružíková Kamila , Kenšová Renáta , Blahová Jana , Svobodová Zdeňka
Published: August 2011

This study focused on the total mercury and methylmercury content in the muscle of chub (Leuciscus cephalusL.), the total mercury in the river sediments and the evaluation of health risks associated with fish contamination. Chub were caught at seven localities on the Svratka and Svitava rivers in the agglomeration of Brno in 2008. The results were compared to those obtained from the same sites in 2007. Total mercury was determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry using an AMA 245 analyzer, and methylmercury was determined by gas chromatography (using an electron-capture detector) after acid digestion and toluene extraction in chub muscle. The highest concentrations of total mercury and methylmercury (0.12 ± 0.14 and 0.07 ± 0.02 mg·kg-1fresh weight, respectively) were found in Svratka before junction (south of Brno), whereas the lowest concentration of mercury and methylmercury in chub (0.06 ± 0.01 and 0.04 ± 0.01 mg·kg-1) was detected in Svitava before junction with the Svratka River. Total mercury in sediments ranged from 0.01 to 1.05 mg·kg-1dry weight, the highest value was detected in the sediment from Rajhradice. The lowest content (0.01 mg·kg-1) was at Kníničky. Hazard indices calculated for the selected localities showed no health risk for either a standard consumer or a fishing family. Fish from the Svitava and Svratka rivers show very low mercury concentration and hazard index and their consumption poses no health risk from total mercury and methylmercury contamination.
Spontaneous poisoning of goats by the plant Ipomoea sericophylla (Convolvulaceae) in Brazil – a case report
Authors: Mendonça Fábio de S. , Evêncio-Neto Joaquim , de Albuquerque Raquel F. , Driemeir David , Camargo Lázaro M. , Dória Renata G. S. , Boabaid Fabiana M. , Caldeira Flávio Henrique B. , Colodel Edson M.
Published: August 2011

The aim of this study was to report a neurological disease in goats caused by the plant I. sericophylla. The epidemiology, clinical signs, histological findings and the results of the lectin histochemistry analysis of a nervous cells and epithelial cells are also reported. Five goats that remained with neurological signs were examined in more detail. Two goats were necropsied. Histological lesions consisted of neurons with thin cytoplasm vacuolation, presence of axonal spheroids and vacuolation in pancreatic acinar cells, thyroid folliculars cells, hepatocytes and renal tubular cells. On lectin-histochemical analysis, cerebellar cells, pancreatic acinar cells and follicular thyroid cells showed positive staining for Concanavalia ensiformis, Triticum vulgaris, succinylated Triticum vulgaris and Lens culinares, which indicate the storage of α-D-mannose, α-D-glucose, β-D-N-acetyl-glucosamine, and acetyl-neuraminic acid. It is concluded that I. sericophylla is an important toxic plant that causes lysosomal storage disease in goats at semi-arid region of Pernambuco, Brazil.
A Multistate District-Level Cluster Randomized Trial of the Impact of Data-Driven Reform on Reading and Mathematics Achievement
Authors: Carlson Deven , Borman Geoffrey D. , Robinson Michelle
Published: August 2011

Analyzing mathematics and reading achievement outcomes from a district-level random assignment study fielded in over 500 schools within 59 school districts and seven states, the authors estimate the 1-year impacts of a data-driven reform initiative implemented by the Johns Hopkins Center for Data-Driven Reform in Education (CDDRE). CDDRE consultants work with districts to implement quarterly student benchmark assessments and provide district and school leaders with extensive training on interpreting and using the data to guide reform. Relative to a control condition, in which districts operated as usual without CDDRE services, the data-driven reform initiative caused statistically significant districtwide improvements in student mathematics achievement. The CDDRE intervention also had a positive effect on reading achievement, but the estimates fell short of conventional levels of statistical significance.
The double-arch modified type-1b external skeletal fixator
Authors: Nikolaou C. , Farrell M. , Perry K. , Girling S. , Smith T. J. , Yeadon R. , Fitzpatrick N.
Published: August 2011

Objectives: To describe acute correction of antebrachial angular and rotational limb deformities (ARLD) using a new external skeletal fixator (ESF).

Methods: Dogs that were presented with lameness caused by ARLD were treated by radial and ulnar osteotomies and acute realignment. A modified type-1b ESF incorporating double arches (DA-ESF) and a novel connecting configuration facilitated alignment with six degrees of freedom. Bilateral deformities were corrected surgically in the same session. Aseptic preparation of both antebrachii allowed comparison of limb alignment. Radiographic evaluation was performed using centre of rotation of angulation (CORA) methodology.

Results: Thirty-five antebrachii (22 dogs) underwent surgery. Postoperative limb function was graded as good (n = 31), fair (n = 2), or poor (n = 2). Persistent medial carpal instability was associated with a suboptimal outcome. Postoperative radiographic images of the frontal and sagittal plane joint angles and elbow-to-carpus translation were compared with values that were reported in previous studies, and were within published reference ranges in most cases. Complications included delayed radial osteotomy union (n = 5), delayed ulnar osteotomy union (n = 2) and implant-associated morbidity (n = 3).

Clinical relevance: A practical technique for acute correction of complex antebrachial ARLD is suggested, incorporating a new configuration of ESF. Putative limitations of radio-graphic planning using CORA may be compensated by careful attention to intra-operative visual and palpatory assessment.
Skin movement during the kinematic analysis of the canine pelvic limb
Authors: Kim S. Y. , Kim J. Y. , Hayashi K. , Kapatkin A. S.
Published: August 2011

Objectives: To determine whether the canine pelvic limb can be considered a linkage of rigid bodies during kinematic analysis.

Methods: The lengths of the femur and tibia based on skin markers were examined throughout gait cycles in six dogs trotting on a treadmill at 2 m/sec. The angular kinematics of the hip, stifle and tarsal joints were calculated based on a conventional stifle marker (CSM) and computed virtual stifle positions (VSP). Based on the CSM and VSP, the kinematic data from the joints were compared and the agreement among them determined. The difference between the CSM and VSP coordinates were illustrated.

Result: The femoral and tibial lengths based on skin markers were not constant throughout a gait cycle and the lengths changed in repeatable patterns in each dog. There was close agreement between the joint angles based on the CSM and VSP in the tarsal joint but not in the hip and stifle joints, where the kinematics based on the CSM tended to calculate smaller angular excursion than the kinematics based on VSP. The pattern of displacement of the CSM was repeatable through a gait cycle.

Clinical relevance: There was skin movement which causes considerable artifact during kinematic analysis of the canine pelvic limb. The skin movement has to be accounted for during canine kinematic analysis.

The current study was presented at Veterinary Orthopedic Society Conference, Steamboat Springs, CO, USA, February 28 - March 7, 2009.
A Single-Centre Chart Review Exploring the Adjusted Association between Breast Cancer Phenotype and Prognosis
Authors: Hamm C. , El-Masri M. , Poliquin G. , Poliquin V. , Mathews J. , Kanjeekal S. , Alam Y. , Kulkarni S. , Elfiki T.
Published: August 2011

Using a retrospective chart review, we investigated the differences in survival and prognostic factors between patients with triple-negative breast cancer (tnbc) and those with non-tnbc. The review included 1018 breast cancer patients who were diagnosed between 2000 and 2005 in Essex, Kent, and Lambton counties in Ontario, Canada. Our findings indicate that, although the unadjusted results suggested that patients with tnbc were more likely than patients with non-tnbc to die [hazard ratio (hr): 2.29; 95% confidence interval (ci): 1.33 to 2.93], an adjusted survival analysis revealed no significant difference in overall survival between the groups (hr: 1.22; 95% ci: 0.63 to 2.39). The significant predictors of survival in the adjusted analysis were age, stage of cancer, and size of cancer. Our findings support those of earlier reports, which suggest that presenting tumour size is the most important prognostic factor in tnbc. Investigations into unique screening methods to identify these tumours at an earlier stage and to prevent advanced-stage cancer in this patient subpopulation are necessary.
Shaping Policy: The Canadian Cancer Society and the Hormone Receptor Testing Inquiry
Authors: Mathews M. , Newbury J. , Housser E. M.
Published: August 2011

Background: In 2007, the Government of Newfoundland and Labrador established the Commission of Inquiry on Hormone Receptor Testing to examine problems with estrogen and progesterone hormone receptor tests conducted in the province between 1997 and 2005. Using the Inquiry as a case study, we examine the knowledge transfer activities used by the Canadian Cancer Society – Newfoundland and Labrador Division (CCS-NL) to shape policy and improve cancer control in the province. implementation: CCS-NL established a panel to advise its legal counsel and asked academic researchers to prepare papers to submit to the Commission. CCS-NL also interviewed patients to better inform its legal arguments, used its province-wide networks to raise awareness of the Inquiry, and provided a toll-free number that people could call. It also provided basic information, resources, and contact information for people who were affected by the flawed hormone receptor tests. The effectiveness of CCS-NL’s activities is reflected by the inclusion of its key messages in the Commission’s recommendations, and the investment in cancer care following the Inquiry. discussion: The success of the CCS-NL knowledge transfer efforts stemmed from its reputation as an advocate for cancer patients and its long-standing relationship with researchers, especially at the local level. The case illustrates real-world application of knowledge transfer practices in the development of public policy, and describes how community-based non-government organizations can identify and draw attention to important issues that otherwise might not have been addressed.
Analysis on Influence of Superstructure Stiffness of Tall Building-Foundation-Subsoil Interaction
Authors: Sun Xiu Zhu , Wu Liao
Published: August 2011

The conventional design method of tall building is made the superstructure, foundation and subsoil to three separate forms and calculate independently. This method ignores the interaction of the three parts, which does not conform to the actual stress and deformation of projects. This article describes the mechanism of the interaction of the superstructure, foundation and subsoil, and analyses the effect of the superstructure stiffness changing to the interaction, which provides a theoretical basis for controlling the differential settlement of foundation reasonability and optimizing the structural design.
Study on Flexural Bearing Capacity of Unbounded Pre-Stressing Composite Slab
Authors: Wang Bing , Zhang Ya Long , Liu Xiao
Published: August 2011

For the purpose of correct theoretical evaluation about the bearing capacity of unbounded pre-stressing composite slab. According to the construction methods and basic principles of unbounded pre-stressing composite slab, basic assumption of composite slab flexure calculation is defined; under the elastic stage, composite slab section stress-strain relationship at each stage was analyzed, as well as resolving the stress increment problem of vivo unbounded pre-stressing steel bar in the limit stage, and flexure bearing capacity of composite slab in various destroy mode in the limit stage was produced by the limit equilibrium method. The practicality of composite slab flexure bearing capacity formula was tested and verified by specific examples, provided a theoretical foundation for the practical engineering application.
The Mechanics Performance of C30 Concrete with Manufactured-Sand under Condition of Freeze-Thaw Cycles
Authors: Liu Gui Feng , Chen Zheng Fa , Chen Xue Xing
Published: August 2011

Although many people discussed the strength and durability of concrete with natural sand in severe environment, few people investigated the mechanics performance of concrete with manufactured-sand under condition of freeze-thaw cycle, at present. Experimental studies on C30 concrete with manufactured-sand were carried out under condition of freeze-thaw cycle, which based on the testing of raw material performance and concrete mix ration, in this paper. Comparative studies on the changing laws of the mass, strength and the relative dynamic elastic modulus of concrete were developed in three cases which were freeze-thaw cycle, freeze-thaw cycle and acid corrosion and freeze-thaw cycle and alkali corrosion. The test results showed that the mass, strength and the relative dynamic elastic modulus of concrete with manufactured-sand decreased evidently with the increasing of times of freeze-thaw cycle. The durability of acid and alkali-resistant of concrete with manufactured-sand was also remarkably weakened due to the action of freeze-thaw cycle. The capability of acid and alkali-resistant of the concrete was decreased with the increasing of times of freeze-thaw cycle and the anti-acid capability was decreased more seriously.
Preparation and Properties of Hydrophobic Silica Aerogels by Ambient Pressure Drying Method
Authors: Wang Hui , Liu Shi Ming , Zeng Ling Ke
Published: August 2011

Silica alcogels were prepared by hydrolysis with hydrochloric acid and condensation with NH4OH of ethanol diluted tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS) precursor and trimethylchlorosilane and hexane as surface modifying agent. The physical properties such as density, appearance, hydrophobicity, surface area, pore size distribution and thermal stability were measured. It was found that the physical and hydrophobic properties of the silica aerogels depend on the TMCS/hexane (V) volume ratio. The density decreased with increase ofV, and the aerogels are more hydrophobic asV=3%. The aerogels were thermally stable up to a temperature of 350 °C, and the aerogel prepared has a high surface area and large pore volume.
Research on Thermal Comfort of Crystal Sandstone Light Ceramics
Authors: Zheng Shu Long , Wang Hui , Tang Qi
Published: August 2011

The thermal properties of the crystal sandstone light ceramic products, nature sandstones, tiles and composite floorboards were analyzed and compared in detail by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and thermal simulation method. The results show that the different thermal properties are the main factors which lead to the different thermal comfort to these materials. It is analyzed in theory that the good thermal comforts of the crystal sandstone light ceramics are come from the low thermal conductivity and low density mainly. And the thermal simulation is a reference method on the thermal comfort research of architectural ceramics.
Nonlinear Analysis of Flexural Members of GFRP SR Concrete
Authors: Zhou Le , Liu Hong Tao , Li Kai
Published: August 2011

To investigate further the bearing capacity of flexural members of GFRP（Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer）SR(steel-reinforced concrete) under symmetric monotonic loading, a full range nonlinear analysis is made. Flexural capacity computing program of GFRP-Reinforced structures is put out, according to structure reinforcing theory and correlative rules through the finite ribbon method based on flat section assumption. The moment-curvature relative curves and the influence curves of the fiber winding angle and pipe wall thickness to load-deformation are obtained by the computer programming. The test specimen’s flexural capacity increases obviously with the increasing of steel ribs models. The slope of curve decreasing in monotonic loading latterly showed that the ductility of component improves. The changes of concrete strength had little effect on initial stiffness and capacity of GFRP SR concrete.
Experimental Research on Bond Strength between Rebar and Concrete after High Temperature
Authors: Yin Ke Fang , Han Yang , Liu Yi
Published: August 2011

With the centrally pulling-out test, the bond strength of reinforced concrete is measured with different temperatures and different cooling ways after high temperature; and the ultimate bond strength and slip of reinforced and concrete under different conditions are analyzed. The results show that the bonding strength declines gradually with the increase of temperature, and the ultimate slippage also decreases gradually.
Experimental Study on Rate-Dependent of the Bending Tensile Properties for Steel Fiber Reinforced Concrete
Authors: Luo Zhang
Published: August 2011

Extensive experimental research has been done on rate-dependent properties normal concrete, but very little on the tensile properties of steel fiber reinforced concrete (SFRC). In this article, based on a high-speed Instron servo-controlled hydraulic materials test machine is adopted to investigate the strain rate-dependent properties of bending tensile properties for SFRC. The scheme of experiment, the works of specimens fabricating and the processes of both loading and measuring were introduced. A total of 30 beam specimens are tested. The steel fiber content is varied: 0%, 1.0%, 2.0%, 3.0% and 4.0% by volume. The experimental results were analyzed. The emphasis is put on the study of the flexural strength changes of SFRC under different strain rates. It is discovered that, with the improvement of the strain rate, increasing strength of SFRC is very obvious. While the strain rate increases from 1.4×10-4s-1 to 0.53×10-4s-1, the flexural strength increasing around 30%.
The Application of Antibacterial Materials in Furniture and Interior Decoration
Authors: Liu Jing Bo , Li Peng
Published: August 2011

This paper introduced the applications status of domestic and foreign anti-bacterial materials in furniture and interior decoration, including the application status and developing trends of antibacterial furniture, antibacterial ceramics, antibacterial coatings, antibacterial floor, antibacterial glass and other antibacterial materials. The application question of antibacterial materials in our country was given, and defined the development potential of antimicrobial materials in the future.
Study on the Adsorption Capacity of Chitosan Coated Bentonite for Acid Blue Dye
Authors: Shao Hong , Song Ying Chun , Zhang Di
Published: August 2011

Chitosan coated bentonite (CCB) was prepared by microwave irridiation, original bentonite as raw materials and chitosan as modifier. The adsorption performance in acid scarlet dye solution was discussed. Firstly the optimum adsorption conditions: concentration of chitosan of 35 g/L, bentonite quality and chitosan solution volume rate of 0.7(g/L), microwave time of 17 min, infilltration time of 50 min, deacetylation degree of chitosan of 85%, soil particle size of 15 mm, pH of 5, dosage of CCB of 20 g/g, stirring speed of 300 r/min, centrifugal time of 15 min, and stirring time of 35 min, were investigated by single factor experiment. And the maximum adsorption rate reached to 96.2%. Subsquently, all the effect tendencies of the physicochemical parameters of the preparation and adsorption were studied on the optium experimental condition, which would provide reference data for the subsequent pilot test. The results suggested that CCB was a promising sorbent to remove organic contaminants and might be utilized to purify water contaminated by organic compounds.
Realize the Non-Load Bearing Walls Material Products Development of Building Envelope of Energy Conservation and Durable Fire Integration and Realize the Complete Sets of Technology Researching
Authors: Cao Wan Zhi , Wang Hong Zhen , Sun Qing Xia
Published: August 2011

Introduce the realizing the non-load bearing walls material products of building energy conservation and durable fire integration, which is also called the heat-cutting off energy-saving composite block. Introducing it’s constitute, structural features, mix design, productive technology, properties of products, main technological, economic indicators and energy saving and emission reduction effect. It is also introducing a technology thinking of new wall materials development.
Research on Mechanical Properties of Q345 Steel Impacted on High Temperature and Dynamic Shock Load
Authors: Hao Peng Fei , Hou Xiao Bo , Gao Jia Zhi , Liu Yong , Shu Xue Feng
Published: August 2011

Aiming at the reliability of Q345 steel material impacted on high temperature and dynamic shock load, its mechanical properties are studied in this paper based on the split Hopkinson pressure bar, the SHPB test facility is introduced in detail. And the stress-strain curves of Q345 steel are obtained in the special industrial condition. The flow stress decreases clearly in pace with the increasing of temperature, which provides credible technique evidences for the maintenance and health appraising of the structure.
Speed Characteristic in Village and Definition of Safety Influencing Extent in Two-Way Highways
Authors: Zhang Tie Jun , Xiao Gui Ping , Ru Yan Hong , Yan Fei
Published: August 2011

Many villages are located along highways in China, especially in two-way highways, which influence the drivers’ maneuver, then the traffic safety. Systematic experiments are designed to collect speed information about through vehicles. The video method is selected and the experimental sites include common segments, intersection segments, segments with villages are situated along both sides. Then the vehicle speed characteristic of different highway segment types are analyzed and compared. Basing on the speed characteristic, the safety influencing extent is also defined.
An Electro-Optic Modulator Bias Point Stabilization Technique for the Distributed Brillouin Sensing System
Authors: Zhang Kai , Zhang Yi Xin
Published: August 2011

During the measurement of a BOTDR system, it is significant to keep the extinction ratio of probe pulse uniform if constant sensing performance is desired. However the bias point of an electro-optic modulator (EOM) may slowly changes due to many external factors. Thus the variable bias point of the EOM must be stabilized. In this paper, a novel and simplified stabilization technique based on digital signal processor and step-by-step tracking algorithm is proposed. Contrast experiments with and without the stabilization are performed. The experimental results show that our method can lock the EOM’s bias point quite well and improve the sensing system’s performance obviously.
Study on Evacuating Process of Vacuum Glazing
Authors: Zhang Shi Wei , Wang Zhuo , Zhang Zhi Jun
Published: August 2011

Vacuum glazing is a very choice in building energy efficiency. Therefore, it is necessary to study on evacuating process of vacuum glazing. Based on fundamental pumping equation of vacuum technique and simplified the existing pumping system for vacuum glazing, a mathematical model, which is described evacuating process of vacuum glazing, is established. An exact mathematical solution is obtained by solving the model. According to the solution, an example from a practical evacuating system is solved and analyzed, and two conclusions are summed up as follows: First, the evacuating time needed for vacuum glazing is mainly depended on the flow conductance at vacuum glazing’s bleeding point; Secondly, the ultimate pressure of vacuum chamber should two orders of magnitude lower than the required pressure in the vacuum glazing. Above model, solution and conclusions have a certain guiding significance in the actual production of vacuum glazing.
Research on Fine Structure of Strain Hardening Cement-Based Composites (SHCC) by inside Saline Waterproof
Authors: Tian Li , Zhang Yu E , Li Feng Mei , Zhang Hong Yuan
Published: August 2011

Anti-permeability, durability even strength of cement-based composites are closely related with the material pore structure. Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) fiber reinforced strain hardening cement-based composites (SHCC) are provided with high ductility and multi- micro-crack propagation mode. Due to fibers adding, much more interface and tiny fracture had been drawn into SHCC, although it has some advantages such as high tensile strength, ductility and energy consumption under seismic load or other cyclic force. Water repellent treatment can improve the anti-permeability of SHCC. Investigations have been made through Mercury injection experiment to reveal influence on microstructure of PVA-SHCC by silane water repellence. Results show that, the pore structure of SHCC can be fined by inside water repellent agent. That is, water repellent infiltrate through the relative big hole or defect of cement paste and react with the alkali substance. Then the resultant colloids reduce the big hole, pore or fracture and reform the pore structure of the cement paste. Because the fine pore structure can prevent air, water and ions defuse into interior of cement-based composites, water repellent treatment is benefit to increase anti-permeability of high ductile SHCC.
Influence of Nano-CaCO3 on Mechanical Property of PALC
Authors: Mei Shi Gang , Ren Shu Xia , Lv Chen Jing
Published: August 2011

The influence of Nano- CaCO3 on the mechanical property of PALC was studied in the paper. And the mechanism of Nano- CaCO3 modified cement-based materials was also discussed by means of X-ray diffraction and SEM. The results shows that the PALC with 2% of added Nano-CaCO3 by weight of cement has an optimum splitting strength, in which the increase of splitting strength are about 15.2%,20.4% and 19.7% at 3days,7days and 28 days. The reasons for causing the above results are because Nano-CaCO3’s filling effect of micro-particle, surface effect of nano-particles as well as micro-nucleus effect.