bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Construction of a simulation model of the work of a transport and forwarding enterprise in organizing multimodal cargo transportation
Authors: Lebid Ievgenii , Luzhanska Nataliia , Lebid Iryna , Mazurenko Alexander , Roi Maksym , Mykhailenko Iryna , Yelnikova Lidiia , Tihov Oleksii
Published: December 2024

The object of this study is the process of rendering transport and forwarding services when organizing multimodal cargo transportation in international traffic.
The task to tackle was predetermined by the need to devise recommendations for choosing the optimal cargo transportation route, taking into account the individual requirements of the customer and performance indicators of the forwarders at the transport and forwarding company.
A simulation model of the work of a transport and forwarding company in the organization of multimodal transportation of goods was built and implemented in the GPSS World simulation automation software. The model involves the optimization of the duration of service provision and makes it possible to determine the required number of transportation department specialists to enable effective cooperation with customers.
When constructing the model, the duration of business processes in the organization of multimodal transportation was taken into account. In addition, the model accounts for the probability of errors and service delays, as well as the average delay time when errors occur, which will make it possible to take into account the additional work time of the forwarder to eliminate them.
The application of the built model in practice will allow specialists at transport and forwarding companies to organize multimodal transportation according to several alternative routes that meet the individual needs of the customer. It will also make it possible to determine the optimal number of forwarders needed to work at the multimodal transportation department.
In this case, the duration of rendering transport and forwarding services will be reduced by 12–16 %, the waiting time in queues for service will decrease by 9–13 %, and the efficiency of the work of specialists at the multimodal transportation department will increase by 9–14 %
Development of an approach to the construction of an adapted model for ensuring the thermal readiness processes of a vehicle based on fuel consumption and exhaust gas emissions
Authors: Gritsuk Igor , Pohorletskyi Dmytro , Bulgakov Mykola , Khudiakov Igor , Volodarets Mykyta , Smyrnov Oleh , Korohodskyi Volodymyr , Symonenko Roman , Holovashchenko Oleksii , Hrytsuk Valerii
Published: December 2024

The research object is the processes of changes in fuel consumption and harmful emissions of engines and vehicles during their operation.
The investigated problem consists in the lack of an approach to the construction of an adapted model for analytical studies of the thermal readiness processes of vehicles with petrol-powered engines.
An approach to ensuring vehicle thermal preparation based on fuel consumption and exhaust gas emissions is proposed. The essence of the improved algorithm and model lies in accounting for the specifics of warm-up processes based on the developed thermal preparation cycle for vehicle engines.
A feature of the improved approach is the incorporation of experimental research results and features of thermal preparation processes.
The field of practical application of the improved approach is the thermal readiness processes of vehicles with engines adapted to work on gasoline and LPG, focusing on fuel consumption and exhaust gas emissions.
Improvements have been made to the enlarged algorithm of the mathematical model for ensuring vehicle thermal preparation processes. This includes considering fuel supply and thermal readiness features, as well determining fuel consumption and emissions.
The peculiarity of the proposed model is that it allows systematic simulation of thermal preparation processes, taking into account factors and processes that cannot be investigated experimentally. This is validated by the model’s adequacy test, showing that data deviation is within the statistical error range from 4.4 to 5.2 %.
The application of the developed approach ensures comprehensive consideration of the specifics of thermal preparation processes and supports decision-making for evaluating results according to the relevant criteria
Designing optimal geometry of the radius die for broaching cases
Authors: Markov Oleg , Zinskyi Volodymyr , Shevtsov Serhii , Hrudkina Natalia
Published: December 2024

The object of this study is the technological process of broaching cartridge cases through a radius die on a mandrel. The work is aimed at solving the actual scientific and technical task of improving the technological process of broaching on a mandrel through a die in the manufacture of cartridge-case type forgings, which provides an increase in the stability of broaching dies. The finite element method (FEM) was used to simulate the processes of broaching cartridge cases through the die. As a result, a rational geometry of the radius die has been established. Recommendations for designing new die structures have been devised, which involve determining the rational radius of rounding of the working part of the die. The established recommendations have been verified by experimental studies. The broaching of cartridge cases through a die with a working radius surface should be carried out at relative radius R/d=3.0. In this case, stress intensity decreased by 7...17 %, average compressive stresses decreased by 8...15 %, and normal pressure decreased by 10...15 % compared to smaller rounding radii. The resulting force on the working surface of the die decreased by 40...55 %, and the radial component of this force decreased by 50 %. It was found that the working surface of the die is heated to a temperature of 750...850 °C, but the rounding radius R/d=3.0 provides a reduction in the volume of this zone by 1.5...1.9 times. The resulting relative rounding radius of the die was tested under industrial conditions, which confirmed that the broaching force for this radius is lower by 15...20 %, and the stability of such a die increased by 20 %. It is recommended to use radius dies for broaching high cartridge cases. The results could also be applied at enterprises during the production of dual-purpose parts
Identifying the effect of sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate surfactant and dispersed pcb-based particles as a novel heat treatment quenchant on the hardness of S45C medium carbon steel
Authors: Putra Wahyuaji Narottama , Ariati Myrna , Siradj Eddy Sumarno , Suharno Bambang
Published: December 2024

In this study, the effect of Sodium Dodecylbenzene Sulfonate (SDBS) addition as a surfactant on the performance of the Printed Circuit Board (PCB) particle-dispersed quenchant in terms of thermal conductivity, particle stability, the microstructure and hardness of S45C medium carbon steel has been investigated. Conventional quenchants have fixed, uncontrollable cooling rates. Adding solid particles creates a thermal bridge, enabling adjustable cooling rates to address this limitation. The solid particles in the quenchant were synthesized from PCB. The surfactant helps to improve particle dispersion and avoid agglomeration by modifying the surface tension between the particles and the fluid. PCB particle-dispersed media have been prepared and used as quenchants to study the effect of PCB dispersion, and its concentrations on the heat transfer rate during quenching. Based on this research results, particle stability measurement by zeta potential shows the stability improvement up to –21.53 mV after 7wt % of surfactant addition, compared to distilled water. Due to the better particle dispersion, the thermal conductivity of the quenchant is also improved by 39 %, maximized at 0.82 W/mK when compared with the quenchant without surfactant at only 0.61 W/mK. Furthermore, the quenched steel hardness also increases by 29 %, maximized at 58 HRC at 7wt % surfactant and 0.3wt % PCB particles composition. The Dispersed PCB particles in the quenchant allow the heat flow from high to lower temperature efficiently. The experimental results show that a water-based quench medium with PCB particle dispersion is an alternative quench medium to obtain a more controlled cooling rate in steel heat treatment and is one solution for utilizing PCB electronic waste
Substantiating the parametric temperature mode during a fire on transformers placed inside protective structures
Authors: Palchykov Roman , Ballo Yaroslav , Nizhnyk Vadym , Mykhailov Viktor , Gavryliuk Andrii , Loik Vasyl , Synelnikov Oleksandr , Synelnikov Serhii , Stepanenko Vitalii , Nuianzin Oleksandr
Published: December 2024

The object of this study was the change in temperature during a fire on transformers located in protective structures. Investigating the change in temperature during a fire on transformers located in protective structures is one of the priority tasks for protecting the economy and national security of the country. The studies solved the problem of fire resistance of the enclosing structures of protective structures in which the transformer is located. The fire resistance of enclosing structures has been confirmed by meeting the conditions related, in particular, to the calculated value of the critical temperature of the material.
The selection of the calculation scenario for investigating the temperature regime during a fire on a transformer located in a protective structure was carried out according to two scenarios of the occurrence and spread of fires. The study demonstrated temperature changes in the protective structure during the burning of the transformer based on data of the temperature sensor installed at heights of 1 m, 10 m, and 18 m above the place of occurrence of combustion. Certain conditions were taken into account for the calculation scenarios of the spread of fire and changes in the temperature effect on building structures. Cases when an automatic water fire extinguishing system is functioning and not functioning in the protective structure were taken into account.
In order to substantiate the temperature regime during a transformer fire, the conditions of the greatest impact of temperature on building structures were adopted. The following conditions were accepted: there is no automatic fire extinguishing system in the protective room; temperature sensor readings were located at a level of 18 m from the floor level of the protective structure. The calculation of the temperature regime during a transformer fire, which is located in the protective structure, was carried out using a field model, employing the reaction of simple stoichiometry (transformer oil can contain only carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen atoms).
Based on the results of this study, a modified temperature regime during a fire on transformers located in protective structures was substantiated. The maximum temperature range for a developed fire was from 900 °C to 1100 °C.
A standardized time (up to 30 minutes) has also been established during which the building structures of protective structures must withstand the effects of the modified temperature regime
Devising a method for detecting information threats in the Ukrainian cyber space based on machine learning
Authors: Vysotska Victoria , Nazarkevych Mariia , Vladov Serhii , Lozynska Olga , Markiv Oksana , Romanchuk Roman , Danylyk Vitalii
Published: December 2024

The object of this study is a disinformation detection process based on search algorithms for identifying fake news. The main task was to define a set of criteria and parameters for detecting the Ukrainian-language disinformation based on machine learning. A methodology has been considered for developing and filling a dataset of fakes for further training of the model and testing it for the purpose of identifying disinformation and propaganda, as well as determining the attributes of primary sources and routes of their distribution. This makes it possible to reasonably approach the definition of a model for forecasting the development of information threats in the cyberspace of Ukraine. In particular, the accuracy of automatic detection of the probability of disinformation in texts can be increased. For the English-language texts using balanced datasets for training when applying classical machine learning classifiers, the accuracy of identification and recognition of fakes is ³90 %, and for the Ukrainian-language texts – ³52 % and £90 %. That has made it possible to devise requirements for the structure and content of a typical dataset of fakes in the period after the full-scale invasion of Ukraine. The practical result of this work is the designed decision-making support system for monitoring, detecting, recognizing, and forecasting information threats in the cyberspace of Ukraine based on NLP and machine learning. The implementation of preliminary processing of the Ukrainian-language news, taking into account the linguistic features of the language in the text, increases the accuracy of fake identification by »1.72 times. Approaches to the construction of models for forecasting the development of information threats in cyberspace have been developed, which is an urgent task when fake news and information manipulation can affect public sentiment, politics, and the economy
Determination of the features of the use of three-component vegetable and fruit paste in marmalade technology
Authors: Samokhvalova Olga , Cherevko Oleksander , Dmytrevskyi Dmytro , Budnyk Nina , Fomina Iryna , Gurskyi Petro , Sova Nataliia , Koshulko Vitalii , Tesliuk Yuliia , Kolianovska Liudmyla
Published: December 2024

The object of the study is the technology of marmalade based on pumpkin, apple and dogwood paste.
The development of a vegetable and fruit paste allows to solve the issue of marmalade structure formation, provide high organoleptic quality indicators, without the use of dyes and essences, enrich the chemical composition of products and give functional properties.
Due to the use of short-term low-temperature concentration and a well-founded recipe (pumpkin 50 %, apple 35 %, dogwood 15 %). The paste contains a significant amount of functional ingredients, which is confirmed by the study of its chemical composition. The paste has a dynamic viscosity of 280 Pa∙s, a high content of non-starch polysaccharides of 3.89±0.11 g, vitamin C of 1.89±0.05 mg, β-carotene 21.13±0.60. For optimal management of the concentration process (55…65 °C), an effective viscosity is set in the range of 5…35 Paּ∙s.
The improved method of producing marmalade based on pumpkin, apple and dogwood paste is characterized by increased quality. The marmalade mass at a temperature of 80…82 °C before gelatinization has a viscosity 24 % higher than the control. The developed marmalade has a pleasant ruby color and a lingering consistency. The content of non-starch polysaccharides, mainly pectin substances and vitamin C increases almost twice. The new marmalade is characterized by the presence of vitamins A, C, E and β-carotene. The number of macro- and microelements increases significantly compared to the control sample. According to the content of non-starch polysaccharides, vitamin A, β-carotene and potassium, marmalade based on vegetable and fruit paste can be classified as functional, since the percentage of provision of these substances per day exceeds 10 %. The method of marmalade production can be implemented at confectionery enterprises
Hardware design for maximum power point tracking (MPPT) based on metaheuristic algorithm in photovoltaic (PV) systems
Authors: Darjat Darjat , Bima Satria Arya , Evangelista Hieronimus Emilianus , Winardi Bambang , Zahra Ajub Ajulian , Tahir Nooritawati Md
Published: December 2024

PSO and ABC algorithms with Arduino microcontrollers are focused on developing efficient solutions for control systems, energy optimization, and signal processing. These algorithms are generally for platforms with large resources, making them difficult to implement directly on Arduino. Adjustments are needed so that the algorithm can work efficiently without sacrificing the quality of the results. Both are implemented for partially shaded conditions in photovoltaic (PV) systems. The MPPT hardware development method with this meta algorithm can be a solution in dealing with the constraints of partially shaded disturbances. Meanwhile, other studies of the two concepts of the PSO and ABC algorithms have also been developed through software simulations for both MPPT applications and other fields. Evaluation criteria and methods for optimizing MPPT performance have been proposed by implementing a DC-DC Boost Converter. Testing was conducted with a PV with of 47.6 V and Isc of 11.6 A under two conditions to assess the performance of the PSO and ABC. The test resulted in the average power generated by the system with PSO algorithm on three unshaded PV with irradiation of 801 W/m² and a temperature of 84.5 °C with load variations of 50 Ω, 100 Ω, 200 Ω, and 400 Ω was 49.06 W, while the irradiation on one shaded PV at 198 W/m² resulted in an average power of 46.13 W. The system using the ABC algorithm on three unshaded PV generated an average power of 48.35 W, and with irradiation on one shaded solar panel at 198 W/m², it generated an average power of 45.03 W. Overall, the study demonstrates that both PSO and ABC algorithms effectively improve power generation in partially shaded conditions, with PSO showing better performance. These findings suggest that implementing these algorithms can enhance the efficiency of PV systems in practical applications
Substantiating technological factors for preparing fermented milk-containing products with a combined composition of raw materials with a long storage period
Authors: Andreus Svitlana , Romanchuk Iryna , Rudakova Tetіana , Narizhnyy Sergiy
Published: December 2024

This paper substantiates and defines the technological parameters for obtaining stable emulsions when making fermented milk-containing products. The object of research was the modes of mechanical and heat treatment of mixtures with a combined composition of raw materials based on dairy and vegetable fats. The task to be solved was to obtain stable emulsions by two-stage homogenization of the cream-vegetable mixture and the heat treatment temperature of the fermented cream-vegetable mixture with a combined composition of raw materials with a fat content of 10 % and 15 %. It is shown that during the homogenization of a cream-vegetable mixture with a mass fraction of fat of 10 %, the pressure in the first stage should be 10.0–12.0 MPa, in the second – 2.5–3.0 MPa; for a cream-vegetable mixture with a mass fraction of fat of 15 %, the pressure in the first stage is 8.0–10.0 MPa, in the second – 2.5–3.0 MPa. Modes of thermomechanical processing of the fermented cream-vegetable mixture at temperatures of 65±2 and 70±2 °C to ensure the microbiological stability of the milk-containing product during storage have been substantiated. A stabilizing system based on milk proteins has been selected. It was established that in order to improve the consistency, increase heat resistance, and avoid foaming of the finished product, it is necessary to perform thermomechanical processing of the fermented cream-vegetable mixture with a fat content of 10 % and 15 % at temperatures of 70±2 °С and 65±2 °С, respectively, and mass fraction stabilizer – 0.5 % and 0.15 %, respectively. The research data do not always coincide with previously established patterns, which is due to the difference in the chemical composition of the studied food systems, as well as the methods of their preparation and use. The results of the work could be used in the technology of milk-containing products with a combined fat composition
Determining patterns of lactose hydrolysis in liquid concentrates of demineralized whey
Authors: Mykhalevych Artur , Moiseyeva Lydmila , Polishchuk Galyna , Bandura Uliana
Published: December 2024

The object of this study was the process of milk sugar hydrolysis in liquid whey concentrates. The problem solved was the intensification of the lactose hydrolysis reaction in liquid whey concentrates through the use of a combination of leavening and enzyme preparations. Patterns in the lactose hydrolysis process in liquid concentrates of demineralized whey were studied.
It was established that the use of an enzyme preparation for liquid whey concentrates does not make it possible to achieve a degree of lactose hydrolysis higher than 75–77 % within 10 h. The simultaneous use of enzyme and leavening preparations for 6 hours ensures the conversion of more than 95 % of lactose for concentrates with a mass fraction of dry substances of 10–30 % and more than 90 % for a 40 % concentrate. The rational duration of lactose hydrolysis in demineralized whey concentrates for the combination of preparations is 6 hours for 10 and 20 % concentrates, and 8 h for 30 and 40 % concentrates, which enables lactose hydrolysis at the level of 96.8–100 %. The rheological properties of concentrates with a solids content of 30 and 40 % indicate that these systems have a high ability to restore the structure.
The dynamics of monosaccharide formation during hydrolysis are similar for 10 and 20 % concentrates, in which galactose slightly predominates the systems. Data on the increase in glucose content in fermented 30 and 40 % concentrates contradict the known data regarding the consumption of glucose by the acidophilic bacillus and its conversion to galactose. This may indicate suppression of the activity of the acidophilic bacillus under conditions of increased osmotic pressure in the concentrates.
The results of the work could be used in the technology of whey ice cream, as well as dairy products that require adjustment of the chemical composition, primarily in terms of protein and lactose content
Network community detection using modified modularity criterion
Authors: Shergin Vadim , Grinyov Sergiy , Chala Larysa , Udovenko Serhii
Published: December 2024

The object of this study is complex networks whose model is undirected weighted ordinary (without loops and multiple edges) graphs. The task to detect communities, that is, partition the set of network nodes into communities, has been considered. It is assumed that such communities should be non-overlapped. At present, there are many approaches to solving this task and, accordingly, many methods that implement it. Methods based on the maximization of the network modularity function have been considered. A modified modularity criterion (function) has been proposed. The value of this criterion explicitly depends on the number of nodes in the communities. The partition of network nodes into communities with maximization by such a criterion is significantly more prone to the detection of small communities, or even singleton-node communities. This property is a key characteristic of the proposed method and is useful if the network being analyzed really has small communities. In addition, the proposed modularity criterion is normalized with respect to the current number of communities. This makes it possible to compare the modularity of network partitions into different numbers of communities. This, in turn, makes it possible to estimate the number of communities that are formed, in cases when this number is not known a priori. A method for partitioning network nodes into communities based on the criterion of maximum modularity has been devised. The corresponding algorithm is suboptimal, belongs to the class of greedy algorithms, and has a low computational complexity – linear with respect to the number of network nodes. As a result, it is fast, so it can be used for network partitioning. The method devised for detecting network communities was tested on classic datasets, which confirmed the effectiveness of the proposed approach
Structural improvement of a mobile device for pre-heated treatment of vegetable raw materials
Authors: Zahorulko Andrii , Voronenko Iryna , Chuiko Lyudmila , Tytarenko Nataliia , Ibaiev Eldar , Solomon Alla , Skoromna Oksana , Prykhodko Maksym
Published: December 2024

The object of this study is the heat treatment of multicomponent masses, for example, Jerusalem artichoke, pumpkin, and black chokeberry, during thickening and drying in an improved mobile functional apparatus for preliminary heat operations. The engineering solution is aimed at the implementation of resource-saving preliminary thermal operations of plant raw materials on mobile functional equipment. The structural difference of the device for the preliminary heat treatment of plant raw materials is the presence of a mobile platform with a carousel arrangement of rolling containers with changeable working elements. The device provides simultaneous implementation of thermal operations in three functional containers. The vacuum compartment and the steam generator with flexible technical lines are connected to functional tanks equipped with bubbler disks to improve heat transfer. The central platform has a microprocessor-based automatic control unit and a spring mechanism for lifting the cover equipped with Peltier elements for secondary heat conversion. The tanks are heated by a film resistive electric heater. Peltier elements are mounted on the inner surface of the cover to convert secondary heat for autonomous operation of the fan. For preliminary heat treatment of liquid media, the functional container is additionally equipped with a stirrer with a heated surface (the usable area of the thermal surface is 0.28 m2).
The duration of reaching a stationary temperature regime (50 °С) of the multicomponent mass (Jerusalem artichoke – 50 %, pumpkin – 40 %, and chokeberry – 10 %) in a mobile device is 31.4 % less than in a classic design. The duration of the drying process in the functional device is 40 minutes, and in the conventional KVM-150 device – 60 minutes. A 1.8-fold decrease in the specific metal capacity was established. Total heat losses are reduced by 1.24 times, and the usable heating surface is increased by 1.3 times
Creation of a distributed energy system for the production of thermal and electric energy
Authors: Rustamov Nassim , Berkimbayev Kamalbek , Abdikulova Zagipa , Meirbekova Oxana , Issabekov Zhanibek , Babakhan Shokhrukh , Rakhmetova Perizat
Published: December 2024

The object of the study is the distributed generation (DG) system for remote areas where extending power lines is challenging or impossible. The study demonstrates how integrating electrical and thermal energy modules based on renewable energy sources (RES) into a common DG bus can ensure continuous energy supply. This approach provides both heat and electricity to consumers, independent of weather conditions an advantage over traditional systems reliant on variable sources like wind and solar energy. Numerical assessments suggest that the proposed system can improve local renewable resource utilization by approximately 20–30 % compared to single-source renewable setups. This enhanced efficiency results in a more stable power output, with fewer interruptions caused by low wind speeds or reduced solar irradiance. Economically, reducing dependence on diesel generators by about 15–25 % can translate into substantial fuel cost savings. In addition, shifting energy production away from non-renewable sources may cut greenhouse gas emissions by an estimated 10–20 %, contributing to environmental protection targets. In this research received lies in its solution for off-grid energy delivery in rural areas, which generally rely on expensive and frequently unreliable centralized energy infrastructure. By leveraging renewable energy sources and implementing a cogenerative DG system, the study significantly reduces reliance on traditional energy grids and enhances energy independence for remote facilities. The research highlights the practical value of the proposed solution, particularly for rural areas far from power lines and with limited access to traditional electricity systems. The suggested system not only provides continuous energy, but it also coincides with worldwide trends toward sustainable and decentralized energy solutions
Development Features of a Human Resources Management Mechanism
Authors:   Perm National Research Polytechnic University, Lomonosova Yana , Mingaleva Zhanna ,   Perm National Research Polytechnic University
Published: December 2024

In the modern world, there is an increasingly clear understanding that human resources are becoming one of the most important factors in successful competition, and the construction of a human resources management mechanism that is adequate to the requirements of the time allows for the comprehensive use of this factor in the competitiveness of an enterprise. Based on factor and structural-logical analysis, a set of human resources management goals and corresponding management objects is identified. The author’s approach to the construction of a complex of subsystems of human resources management mechanisms is suggested. As a basic criterion for the identification of management subsystems, a multifactorial approach to understanding the place and role of human resources in the economy and society was used. An element-by-element content of the three main subsystems of the human resources management mechanism is suggested; their relationship with each other is reflected, as is their interaction with the main subsystems of personnel policy, which is a special form of implementation of the human resources management mechanism. The concept of a “complete personnel cycle” is given, and its role in personnel policy and in the human resources management mechanism is revealed. The importance of such human resources management tools as management of professional growth and development of employees is mentioned, which at the same time are the strongest motives for the self-development of personnel in enterprises and organizations. The importance of motivational aspects and the need to pay additional attention to methods of non-material motivation in human resources management are shown. The importance of the personnel reserve for successful human resources management is shown, and the main shortcomings in its formation are emphasized. Conclusions are drawn about the need to adapt the existing human resources management mechanisms at enterprises and organizations to modern business and economic conditions.
Development of Ship Repair Enterprises in the Context of Economic Transformation
Authors:   Admiral F.F. Ushakov State Maritime University, Guryeva Anastasia
Published: December 2024

The article examines the conditions for the development of ship repair enterprises in the present historic period. The relevance and novelty of the study consist in the fact that the key factors that negatively affect the domestic ship repair industry, as well as problems and new business directions that take into account industry specifics were identified. To conduct the research, general scientific methods of information analysis and synthesis were used, as were methods of desk and field research (in-depth interviews with experts) and a graphical method of presenting the material. A detailed analysis of the shipbuilding development strategy for the period up to 2035 was carried out, which made it possible to establish measures to solve problems in the field of ship repair, taking into account the requirements of the modern economy. It was revealed that, firstly, ship repair enterprises are directly influenced by the maritime transport industry, the successful development of which is characterized by digital transformation today. Secondly, their activities have a negative impact on the environment; therefore, in their development, they must rely on the principles of the green and circular economies. Thirdly, the results of the expert survey showed the need to develop partnerships with customers in the context of client-centricity, which requires the development of marketing competencies in the personnel of a ship repair enterprise. In order to better meet customer preferences, the article recommends the development of a digital ecosystem, which should include not only sellers and buyers of ship repair services. Suppliers of spare parts, shipyards, and other enterprises should be considered as minor participants, which will create additional value for the services offered.
The Phenomenon of Heroism in the Understanding of Philosophical Anthropology
Authors: Prytula O. L.
Published: December 2024

Purpose. In today’s global society, traditional values, including patriotism and heroism, have been called into question. However, the new challenges of hybrid warfare require new manifestations of heroism, and thus a new philosophical understanding of it. The main purpose of this article is to provide a philosophical and anthropological understanding of heroism as the ultimate manifestation of the strength of the spirit, which combines the institutional foundations of the public good and the individual will to achieve it. Theoretical basis. The phenomenon of heroism is studied in the classical works of Homer, Plutarch, and Thomas Carlyle. Important contemporary philosophical and anthropological interpretations of this phenomenon are provided by Friedrich Nietzsche, Helmut Plessner and Albert Camus, according to whom every person can become a hero, provided that he or she demonstrates strength of spirit and an unbreakable desire to fight and win. Therefore, the phenomenon of heroism is gaining popularity and, although it can never be total in society, it can become a subject of education and self-education. Originality. The strength of a warrior’s spirit is reflected in his or her everyday resilience, which has no gender. Its vivid embodiments in modern society can be traced to the heroism, dedication and perseverance of a warrior in a hybrid war. These new incarnations not only confirm the established philosophical and anthropological ideas about heroism, but also give it new features. Conclusions. The modern rethinking of heroism on the example of the ultimate manifestation of the strength of spirit in a hybrid war has made it possible to clarify its philosophical and anthropological concept. The exemplary steadfastness and consistency in manifesting democratic values in extremely unfavourable circumstances makes modern heroes not only professional military men, but also all citizens who demonstrate their best social virtues in defence of the social institutions of democracy. Modern hybrid warfare creates a frontier of heroic confrontation with totalitarianism on a global scale. The modern hero appears as an exemplary citizen of his/her nation-state and at the same time demonstrates the virtues of a true representative of the global civil society.
Listening to the Wind of Change: Social Forecasting through the Lens of a Transdisciplinary Approach
Authors: Danylova T. V.
Published: December 2024

Purpose. This paper aims to explore social forecasting through the lens of a transdisciplinary approach with respect to holistic human nature. Theoretical basis. The complexity of social forecasting is that it deals with the multifaceted phenomenon of a human being, a human who is both the creator and the creation of the social spaces, for whom all economic, social, political, scientific, cultural achievements, problems and prospects acquire meaning only in the context of him/herself, his/her life, his/her destiny. Thus, the phenomenon of a human being is the key to understanding the dynamics of modern transformational processes and to creating promising models of the future development of the human society. Since in forecasting we try to anticipate the future that is not yet defined and may have different development trajectories, a transdisciplinary approach to forecasting that embraces what is within disciplines, at the intersection of disciplines, and beyond all disciplines can become the most fruitful approach. Originality. A human being brings a high degree of unpredictability and uncertainty into all social forecasts. Nowadays, the complex multifaceted nature of an individual as a biological, psychological, and social being needs a deeper understanding that requires joint efforts of representatives of various scientific fields. Through mutually enriching work within a transdisciplinary paradigm, representatives of different scientific fields and directions may create a kind of guidebook designed to form and explain a new reality, a new future. Within such an approach, not a competition between theories, methodologies, and protocol decisions, but a common goal, common dreams and aspirations for a better future of humanity should come to the fore. Conclusions. A transdisciplinary approach to social forecasting has a potential to consider all sciences in a humanitarian context, taking into account complex multifaceted human nature. It goes beyond traditional boundaries providing opportunities not only to synthesize and integrate solutions to a problem, but also to rise above it. Transdisciplinarity, recognizing the existence of different realities, provides a broader view of the world, a deeper understanding of phenomena and processes that contribute to the development of new projects for a better future of a human and humanity.
Philosophical and Anthropological Theory of Violence by René Girard
Authors: Savchenko S. V. , Prokofieva K. A.
Published: December 2024

Purpose. The article aims to examine the key aspects of the theory of mimetic violence by the famous French thinker René Girard. Theoretical basis. The study is based on René Girard’s fundamental theory of violence, which includes the concepts of mimesis and sacrificial cycle. Girard argues that violence arises from mimetic rivalry, when people imitate each other’s desires and actions, leading to conflicts and crises. The theory suggests that societies historically resolved these crises and prevented chaos through scapegoating rituals. Christianity, however, stands apart in Girard’s view by rejecting sacrificial cults and instead offering Christ’s non-violent example as a path to conflict resolution. Originality. Girard’s concept of mimetic desire explains how people’s tendency to imitate others’ desires leads to rivalry and conflict. These tensions are typically resolved through scapegoating – directing collective aggression toward a common target. The term "scapegoat" itself stems from the Biblical ritual described in Leviticus, where a goat symbolically carried away the community’s sins. The mechanism remains universal, operating in both archaic and modern societies. The authors examine how this dynamic relates to modern totalitarianism and its exploitation of collective violence. They emphasize Girard’s analysis of Christianity’s unique role in countering violence, specifically through its radical proposition that it is better to be victimized than to victimize others. Conclusions. These examples demonstrate how victim sacralization rituals maintain social order, supporting Girard’s assertion that ancient and modern myths share fundamental similarities. Girard’s theory transcends religious and mythological contexts, offering a lens through which to examine diverse anthropological and social phenomena. His ideas offer a profound understanding of the mechanisms of collective violence and their consequences, including the connection between mimetic violence and possible apocalyptic scenarios.
Balancing Universality and Cultural Diversity in the Search for Inclusive Moral Frameworks
Authors: Volovchuk N. M.
Published: December 2024

Purpose. The article aims to draw the attention of researchers to the creation of an ethical framework that harmoniously incorporates universal principles and cultural diversity taking into account the rights and dignity of every individual as a key actor in ethical discussions. It argues that an effective ethical framework gives the opportunity to each person to take part in moral deliberations and ethical decision-making. Theoretical basis. The article, based on the approach of Kant, Rolls, Singer and others, insists on the need to define and agree on the universal principles. They should form the basis of all subsequent ethical discussions. The protection of personal identity is emphasized through intercultural sensitivity (Herskovits, Benedict). People with diverse cultural contexts should be included in ethical debates. The importance in research of the flexibility of ethical concepts in accordance with the cosmopolitanism of Appiah and the approach to the capabilities of Nussbaum is also emphasized. Ethical theories need to balance between cultural pluralism and universality. Cultural sensitivity in ethical theories must recognize, respect, and give space to other moralities, paving the way for the formulation of open ethical theories. Anthropological and philosophical insights contribute to achieving the necessary balance between core principles and flexibility to create avenues for dialogue and consensus. Finally, while attempting to achieve universality, cultural sensitivity, and adaptability, ethical frameworks in an interconnected world should apply the principles across various societies, respect diversity in values, and take into account changes in those societies. Originality. The article outlines the contours of a possible balanced approach emphasizing universality as the central core of ethical theory and cross-cultural sensitivity, flexibility, and adaptability. That allows each person to preserve identity and feel to be involved in ethics. Conclusions. The article demonstrated that it is necessary to promote such qualities as understanding cultural specificity, empathy for other cultures and cooperation in solving moral dilemmas on the path towards ethical excellence. Only a balanced approach that combines universal principles and takes into account cultural diversity recognizes the rights and dignity of each person and transcends cultural differences.
Approval of Terrorist Actions
Authors: Grønning-Madsen Nanna , Wanigasuriya B. Aloka
Published: December 2024

The relationship between national and international criminal law has grown increasingly closer over time. However, are national courts providing enough consideration to international law in national criminal cases? In cases concerning Danish terrorism legislation and the approval of terrorism, it appears that the answer may be in the negative. The latest development in the conflict between Israel and Hamas has led to several national Danish indictments and convictions under § 136 (2) of the Danish Penal Code for approving the actions committed by Hamas against Israel on 7 October 2023. The article concludes that in such cases, the Danish national courts have not been conducting the required assessments linking national law to EU and international humanitarian law.
Okul Öncesi Öğretmenlerinin Etkileşimli Okuma Uygulamasında Sordukları Soruların CROWD Tekniğine Göre İncelenmesi
Authors: Yılmaz Dilara , Yurtbakan Ergün
Published: December 2024

Çalışmada, okul öncesi öğretmenlerinin etkileşimli okuma uygulamasında sordukları soruları, etkileşimli okuma uygulamasının "CROWD" tekniğine göre sınıflandırmak amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaçla çalışmada, temel yorumlayıcı nitel araştırma deseninden faydalanılmıştır. Çalışmaya Yozgat ilinde çalışmakta olan 18 okul öncesi öğretmeni uygun durum örneklemesi ile dâhil edilmiştir. Okul öncesi öğretmenlerinin etkileşimli okuma esnasında ürettikleri sorular "CROWD" tekniğine göre “Complete (C) tamamlama soruları, Recall (R) hatırlama soruları, Open-ended (O) açık uçlu sorular, Wh. Questions (W) 5N 1K soruları ve Distancing Questions (D) yaşamla bağlantı sorularına” göre betimsel analiz ile analiz edilmiştir. Çalışmanın sonunda; okul öncesi öğretmenlerininin etkileşimli olarak okudukları kitapların tamamına yakınında tamamlama sorusu (C) üretemez iken hatırlama (R), açık uçlu (O), 5N 1K (W) ve bağlantı (D) sorularını üretebildikleri tespit edilmiştir. Bunun yanında okul öncesi öğretmenlerinin etkileşimli olarak okudukları kitapların çoğunda CROWD tekniğinin açık uçlu (O) soru türünden faydalandıkları belirlenmiştir.
Politikanın Koşulu Olarak Polis’in Politik ve Etik Değeri
Authors: Canlı Emine
Published: December 2024

Bu çalışmanın amacı, modern politik düşünceye yönelik eleştirilerden biri olan klasiğe
dönüş hareketinde sıklıkla başvurulan Aristoteles’in etik ve politika düşüncesine dair bir
izlek sunmaktır. Çalışmada, Aristoteles düşüncesinin modern politikaya sunabileceği
tahayyüllerin politik bir hamleye bürünmesi durumunda doğurabileceği tehlikelere dikkat
çekilecek, bunun için de politika ve politika biliminin ana referanslarından birine dönüşen
Aristoteles düşüncesini politik felsefe zeminine çekmenin gerekliliğine işaret edilecektir.
Bu amaçla öncelikle Aristoteles’in polis, politea ve politika kavramları arasındaki ilgi
belirginleştirilecek ve politik okumalarda dışarıda bırakılıp etik bahsine dahil edilen
dostluk, erdem, iyi kavramları ile ilişkilendirilecektir. Bu okumanın bir örneği olarak Leo
Strauss’un Aristoteles yorumunun etrafında dolaşarak hem Strauss okumasına hem de
günümüzde de devam eden klasiğe ve şehre dönüş hareketlerine sınır çekme gerekliliğine
işaret edilecek.
The Research of Effectiveness of Parvulyte Gel® in Dogs with Parvoviral Enteritis
Authors: Kamçici Derya , Bayendur Sercan Hüseyin , Acar Abuzer
Published: December 2024

This study aimed to demonstrate the efficacy of Parvulyte® in dogs with parvoviral enteritis. The animal material of the study consisted of 14 dogs diagnosed with parvoviral enteritis due to clinical examination and immunochromatographic rapid test kits brought to XX University Veterinary Health Application and Research Center Internal Diseases Clinic and private veterinary clinics in Izmir. After the diagnosis of parvoviral enteritis, the dogs in the first group received fluid therapy along with vitamin-mineral-electrolyte-amino acid supplements, pantoprazole, cefazolin sodium and maropitant citrate (Group I, n=7). The dogs in the second group received Parvulyte® in addition to the same treatment protocol (Group II, n=7). Both groups were treated for 7 days. It was observed that the dogs in Group II had an increase in the lymphocyte count, a faster increase in antibody titers, and a faster clinical recovery compared to the stool scoring table created. As a result, Parvulyte® accelerated the clinical recovery and shortened the hospitalization time in dogs with parvoviral enteritis.
Investigation of the Effect of Wheat and Corn Gluten on Inflammation, Transglutaminase, Gliadin and IgA Levels in Healthy Rat Intestines
Authors: İmik Aybüke , Gezer Ceren , Terim Kapakin Kübra Asena
Published: December 2024

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of wheat and corn gluten on some histopathologic parameters such as villus atrophy, crypt hyperplasia, lymphocyte plasma neutrophils and immunohistochemical parameters such as trans glutaminase, gliadin and IgA in the small intestine of healthy male rats without HLA-DQ2 and HLA-DQ8 genes. In the study, 21 healthy newborn male Sprague Dawley rats were fed wheat, corn and soy with the addition of 7 rats in each group from one-day age to 60 days of age. Histopathological (villous atrophy, lymphocyte plasma neutrophil, crypt hyperplasia) and immunohistochemical (transglutaminase, gliadin, IgA) parameter analyses were performed in small intestinal tissue samples. As a result of the study, it was found that the small intestinal villus lengths of the wheat gluten group were longer than the other groups (P < .05). Cryptic hyperplasia was detected most in the soybean group and the lowest in the wheat group (P < .05). Gliadin antibody levels were found to be in the soybean group with the highest and the lowest in the wheat group (P < .05). In healthy male rats lacking HLA-DQ2 and HLA-DQ8 genes, the effect of wheat gluten on crypt hyperplasia and gliadin levels in small intestinal tissue was significantly lower than in soy and corn gluten groups, while its effect on villous atrophy, lymphocyte plasma neutrophil and transglutaminase was limited. In addition, the intestinal villus lengths of the wheat gluten group were significantly higher than those of the corn and soybean groups.