bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Chemometric exploratory data analysis for patients with diabetes type 2 and diabetic complications
Authors: Nedyalkova Miroslava , Robeva Ralitsa , Elenkova Atanaska , Simeonov Vasil
Published: May 2021

The present study deals with the interpretation and modeling of clinical data for patients with diabetes mellitus type 2 (DMT2) additionally diagnosed with complications of the disease by the use of multivariate statistical methods. The major goal is to determine some specific clinical descriptors characterizing each health problem by applying the options of the exploratory data analysis. The results from the statistical analysis are commented in details by medical reasons for each of the complications. It was found that each of the complications is characterized by specific medical descriptors linked into each one of the five latent factors identified by factor and principal components analysis. Such an approach to interpret concomitant to DMT2 complications is original and allows a better understanding of the role of clinical parameters for diagnostic and prevention goals.
A New Decision Calculus: Race in International Political Economy Studies
Authors: Reinhardt Gina Yannitell
Published: May 2021

On September 30, 2020, several of us dialed in to attend a webinar panel discussion on “Race, Identity and Culture in the (Post-)Globalization Era.” The participants shared their thoughts on how and why race factors into international political and economic processes. In the spirit of addressing the topic from a political economy perspective, it seems worthwhile to outline the decision calculus that determines why considering race in international political economy (IPE) research is a good idea. If the benefit b of accounting for race times the probability p of success outweighs the costs c weighted by the probability (1 - p) of failure, race should be a key component of IPE research moving forward.
Management of pressure ulcers in palliative care patients: nurses' view
Authors: Figueiredo Sarah Vieira , Oliveira Sherida Karanini Paz de , Teixeira Anne Kayline Soares , Menezes Luciana Catunda Gomes de , Gomes Ilvana Lima Verde , Oliveira Ydinara Luttianna Paz de
Published: May 2021

Objective: to understand the management of pressure ulcers in palliative care patients from the perspective of nurses. Methods: qualitative study, in which 17 care nurses participated through semi-structured interviews. Data were submitted to thematic categorical analysis. Results: two categories were listed: Nursing management of pressure ulcers in palliative care patients and Outcome of pressure ulcers in palliative care patients. Their management occurs by means of individualized assistance and may vary according to the different moments in which the individual is and should be malleable. The possibility of three outcomes was also observed: complete healing, clinical improvement and clinical stabilization. Conclusion: despite all the frailty of these patients in palliative care, it was perceived that the clinical improvement of the lesions occurs, although it is a slow path, by means of handling the lesions in an individualized manner and focused on the search for comfort.
Subscription-Geschäftsmodelle in der produzierenden Industrie
Authors: Frank Jana , Holper Christian
Published: May 2021

Subscription-Geschäftsmodelle (SGM) spielen eine wesentliche Rolle bei der Monetarisierung von Industrie 4.0 Potenzialen für produzierende Unternehmen. Durch die Vernetzung von Maschinen und digitalen Produkten können dem Kunden völlig neue Leistungen geboten werden, die durch ein rein transaktionsbasiertes Geschäftsmodell nicht möglich wären. Der folgende Beitrag widmet sich der Charakterisierung von Subscription-Geschäftsmodellen und zeigt vier Handlungsfelder auf, die bei ihrer Umsetzung berücksichtigt werden müssen.
Neue Aufgaben und neue Finanzierungswege der EU in der Coronakrise
Authors: Broer Michael , Henke Klaus-Dirk , Zimmermann Horst
Published: May 2021

Die Covid-19-Pandemie wird als Ausgangspunkt für die Analyse des EU-Haushalts und des ergänzenden Wiederaufbaupakts (nächste Generation der EU) herangezogen. Die Pandemie und ihre Bekämpfung haben zu der politischen Entscheidung geführt, die zukünftige finanzielle Autonomie der EU-Kommission zu stärken. Die Schuldenhoheit kann als ein erster Schritt in Richtung einer europäischen Fiskalunion interpretiert werden. Es wird geprüft in wieweit mehr Macht für die EU in verschiedenen Handlungsfeldern wie Klimapolitik, öffentliche Sicherheit, Asyl und Migration und Medizin (europäische öffentliche Güter) Realität werden kann. Immerhin umfasst das Aufbauprogramm 750 Milliarden €. Zudem muss untersucht werden für wen, wie lange und unter welchen Bedingungen diese Gelder verwendet werden dürfen. Da die Schulden der EU erst bis 2058 zurückgezahlt werden müssen, muss geklärt werden, ob zum Ausgleich der langfristigen EU-Haushalte die erforderlichen Rückzahlungen zu Ausgabenkürzungen, zu immer mehr Staatsschulden oder vielleicht eines Tages sogar zu europäischen Steuern führen.
NoCovid-Strategie als Pandemie-Erfolgsschlüssel?
Authors: Peichl Andreas , Stadelmann David
Published: May 2021

Die Corona-Pandemie hält auch hierzulande länger an, als es die meisten erwartet hätten. Flächendeckende Impfungen und Teststrategien haben in Deutschland und der EU gestockt. In der zweiten Welle sind zum Jahresbeginn daher verstärkt Stimmen laut geworden, Sars-Cov-2 mehr oder weniger komplett auszuschalten. Vorbilder für diese Forderung sind manch asiatische Länder. Allerdings waren deren Methoden teilweise etwa in puncto Datenschutz sehr bedenklich. Kritiker der Nocovid-Strategie bemängeln, dass man dem Virus nicht Herr werden kann – und wenn, dann nur mit rigiden Maßnahmen wie einem wochenlangen Komplett-Lockdown. Die Ökonomen Andreas Peichl und David Stadelmann verfolgen unterschiedliche Ansätze, die sich teils gar nicht so stark unterscheiden.
PRELIMINARY PROBIOTIC POTENTIAL OF SELECTED AEROCOCCUS SPP., ENTEROCOCCUS SPP., AND WEISELLA SP. FROM ALGERIAN GUEDID
Authors: Mostefa Naimi , Abid Amar , Boumédiène Khaled Méghit
Published: May 2021

Objective: The aim of the current study was to carry out probiotic criteria of ten candidates; 5 Aerococcus spp., 4 Enterococcus spp., and 1 Weisella sp. from Algerian culinary Guedid prepared traditionally to preserve and improve sensory and nutritional quality of this product.
Methods: Antimicrobial activity, acidity, growth Kinetics, quantification, heat and enzymes sensitivities were assayed against Listeria ivanovii CECT148, Bacillus cereus ATCC11778, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC25923 and Clostridium perfringens CECT486. Assessment of proteolysis, lipolysis, amylolysis, gelatinase, bile salts hydrolase, acetoin and exopolysaccharides production, acidity conditions, bile salts, gastric and intestinal resistances were determined. Survival lactic acid bacteria was then calculated using single plate-serial dilution spotting. Cholesterol assimilation, hemolysis and antibiotic resistance were also characterized. Statistical analysis was performed using originPro v9.5.
Results: The neutralized supernatants of Aerococcus spp. (Lbm19, 18, 3) and Enterococcus sp. (Lbm49, 46, 50) showed 9 mm inhibition zone, Clostridium. perfringens CECT486 was the most sensitive one. Lactic acid bacteria decreased by 1-2 log CFU/mL on gastrointestinal conditions and assimilated cholesterol by up to 89%. The antagonistic peak was obtained at the stationary phase where pH 3.5 was reached. The supernatant was sensitive to enzymes and heat. All candidates showed digesting ability for proteins but not for starch, lipids, gelatin, bile salts, also showed no hemolytic activity. All candidates were found to resist against two antibiotics and three isolates exhibited negative for exopolysaccharides and acetoin production.
Conclusion: Enterococcus sp.Lbm49, Aerococcus sp.Lbm19, Aerococcus sp.Lbm18, Enterococcus sp.Lbm46, and Aerococcus sp.Lbm3 showed the highest potential probiotic score. This study should be completed by a molecular characterization, ex vivo and in vivo tests.
SCREENING AND ISOLATION OF THERMOPHILIC FUNGI OBTAINED FROM THREE SELECTED COMPOST WASTES SITES
Authors: Ibraheem Omodele , Adetuyi Oluwafijimi , Kalejaiye Sheriff , John Victoria , Fayela Wuraola , Ajayi John M.
Published: May 2021

Thermostable enzymes have found applications in the improvement of products quality in various industries. Despite the discovery of several microorganisms as potential source of thermostable enzymes, more biodiversity explorations are currently been carried out for high activity enzymes producing isolates. The discovery of new isolates  having these characters will allow to efficiently carry out reactions in various industrial processes that involve extreme conditions. This study was aimed to screen and isolate thermophilic fungi from three selected compost wastes sites (Palm oil mill, Wood chip piles and Abattoir dump), and identify potential producers of lipases, cellulases and proteases respectively. The thermophilic fungi were obtained from an equal depth of one meter in all the three collection sites with a temperature range of 40 to 45OC and later cultured at 70 OC. Further experimental screening analysis showed the presences of lipase, cellulase and protease producing fungi present in samples collected from palm oil mill, wood chips pills and abattoir dump site respectively. The isolated fungi were used for enzyme production in submerged fermentation for 10 days at 50OC. Culture filtrate obtained from the medium of production were used for the assessment of enzymatic activity. The highest lipase, cellulase and protease activities were obtained from isolates 3 A (56.56 U/mL), 3A (38.35 U/mL) and 2B (3.0 U/mL) respectively. These isolates with high enzymes activities were identified microscopically as Rhizopus sp., Aspergillus flavus and Neurospora sp. accordingly. We believed that these strains could be further exploited for numerous industrial applications that require thermophilic enzymes.
SEROTYPING AND ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE OF SALMONELLA (Spp). ISOLATED FROM FOOD MATRICES AND CLINICAL SPECIMENS FROM LEBANON
Authors: EL KHOURY Andre , YAGHI Joseph , ATOUI Ali , NARGUIZIAN Grace , Mansour Marie Noel , GHORABI Malak
Published: May 2021

Salmonella (spp) is a genus of bacteria responsible for the most frequently reported cases of foodborne illnesses worldwide. In this study, serotyping was done by using highly specific manufactured antisera, to identify circulating Salmonella serovars isolated from food samples and clinical specimens. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was also performed to determine the level of resistance of these serotypes. This was done by using the disk diffusion method by testing 14 clinically important antibiotics on the Salmonella (spp) isolates. A total of 85 Salmonella (spp) strains, preidentified by biochemical testing, were collected over the course of 1 year. Serotyping of the isolates revealed the presence of 14 serotypes in the food samples with S. Infantis and S. Enteritidis, being the most common and 6 serotypes in the clinical samples with S. Enteritidis and S. Typhimurium being the most common. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing results showed resistance of isolates from both sample types to conventional antibiotics like Ampicillin and Piperacillin, and almost total resistance of the food isolates to a broad-spectrum antibiotic Imipenem, belonging to the Carbapenem class. Higher resistance was observed in food samples than in clinical ones. Moreover, 13 and 3 multidrug resistant serotypes of Salmonella (spp) were identified for the first time in Lebanon in the food and clinical samples respectively, with three of them were isolated from imported food samples.
IN VITRO BIOSYNTHESIS AND ANTIMICROBIAL POTENTIAL OF BIOLOGICALLY REDUCED GRAPHENE OXIDE/AG NANOCOMPOSITE AT ROOM TEMPERATURE
Authors: El-Zahed Mohamed Marzouk , Baka Zakaria , Abou-Dobara M. I. , El-Sayed Ahmed
Published: May 2021

Antimicrobial resistance is one of the most serious problems that continues to challenge the public health threats and agriculture sectors. The study highlighted one-step method for reduced graphene oxide/Ag nanocomposite (rGO/AgNC) biosynthesis using the supernatant of Escherichia coli D8 (MF062579) strain at room temperature and sunlight. The rGO/AgNC was characterized by UV-vis spectrophotometry, Fourier transform-infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Results showed those the rGO-annealed AgNPs showed absorption peak at 430 nm and have been obtained with an average particle size of 8-17±9.1 nm. The MIC value of rGO/AgNC (6.25 μg/mL) showed in vitro antimicrobial inhibition against pathogenic bacterial strains such as Gram-negative bacteria (E. coli ATCC25922; 79%, Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC33495; 87%) and Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus ATCC25923; 91% and Bacillus cereus ATCC6633; 53%) as well as Candida albicans ATCC10231; 60% as pathogenic yeast.
CONTROLLED FUNCTIONAL EXPRESSION OF THE CIRCULAR BACTERIOCIN ENTEROCIN NKR-5-3B AND THE LEADERLESS BACTERIOCIN LACTICIN Q
Authors: Perez Rodney , Iwatani Shun , Zendo Takeshi
Published: May 2021

Bacteriocins are antimicrobial peptides that possess a number of desirable properties that can be utilized for application in various industries including the food and pharmaceutical industries. Enterocin NKR-5-3B (Ent53B) and lacticin Q (LnqQ) are well characterized bacteriocins that exhibit exceptional stability and potent antimicrobial activity. Here we report the establishment of a dual-plasmid expression system of these bacteriocins by exploiting the quorum sensing production system of nisin known as the nisin inducible controlled expression (NICETM) system. Using this dual-plasmid expression system, the production of Ent53B and LnqQ can be controlled by the addition of exogenous nisin at sub-lethal concentration, either in pure or crude form, to induce the transcription of the genes responsible for the production of these bacteriocins. Using this system, cheap cultivation media instead of the commonly used complex and expensive cultivation media, can be utilized in the production of these bacteriocins thereby significantly lowering the production cost – one of the major limiting factors for its large-scale application. Additionally, this system provides a robust control of bacteriocin production thereby creating an effective bacteriocin application delivery system.
ANTIHYPERLIPIDEMIC EFFECT OF TEPHROSIA VILLOSA IN ACUTE AND CHRONIC HYPERLIPIDEMIA RAT MODELS
Authors: Samuel Vimal John , Agasa Ramu Mahesh , Vedigounder Murugan
Published: May 2021

Atherosclerosis plays a pivotal role in various cardiovascular disorders. Most of the antiatherogenic currently available drugs are associated with many side effects than plant derived formulations. Tephrosia villosa (Fabaceae) plant is being used traditionally, in the treatment of hyperlipidemia, diabetes, jaundice and used as antioxidant and antimicrobial. The objective of the current experiment is to evaluate the antihyperlipidemic potency of chloroform (CETV) and ethanolic extract of Tephrosia villosa (EETV) in acute (Triton WR-1339 induced) and chronic (cholesterol diet-induced) hyperlipidemia models. Simvastatin, standard drug used to compare the effect of the both extracts at 125mg/kg, 250mg/kg and 500mg/kg b.w). The serum lipid parameters were analysed using enzymatic kits. The preliminary phytochemical screening of extracts of Tephrosia villosa showed the presence of phenols, flavonoids, saponins, coumarins, glycosides and alkaloids. In acute model, the pretreatment with both extracts for 7 days showed significant reduction (p<0.001) in serum triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels, and subsequent rise (p<0.01) in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels after 24h tritonisation in hyperlipidemic rats. Similarly, in chronic hyperlipidemia model, all the lipid (TG, TC, LDL-C & VLDL-C) levels were reduced significantly (p<0.001) with successive rise in HDL-C level after 30 days of study with 15 days of extract treatment. The current study indicates the antihyperlipidemic activity of Tephrosia villosa is probably due to the phenolic constituents in extracts, which may inhibit HMG CoA reductase or activate lipoprotein lipase and lecithin acyl transferase (LCAT). The results would provide a larger insight in design and development of newer therapeutics for a wide arena of lifestyle disorders.
Angiogenic potential of circulating blood neutrophils in endometrial cancer
Authors: Abakumova T. V. , Gening T. P. , Gening S. O. , Antoneeva I. I.
Published: May 2021

Neutrophils play an important role in carcinogenesis, mediating inflammation, immunosuppression and metastasis. A dual role of neutrophils in regulation of angiogenesis has been shown. Endometrial cancer is the most common malignant neoplasm of the female reproductive system. To assess the cellular angiogenic potential, we determined the levels of inflammatory and angiogenic cytokines (VEGF-A, IL-17A, IL-1β, IL-6) in cell lysate of peripheral blood neutrophils in the patients with endometrial cancer, and with uterine myoma (comparison group). Expression of the nuclear factor-kB was determined. In nuclear fraction of neutrophils. The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) was assessed in the studied groups. Statistical processing of the obtained data was carried out using Statistica 10 software. We have not found any significant changes in NLR in endometrial cancer, compared with controls and the uterine myoma groups. Expression of NF-kB and VEGF was increased as compared to the control for all the studied stages of endometrial cancer and in uterine myoma. There was a change in NF-kB level in neutrophils, depending on the tumor differentiation grade. A regression relationship was found between the content of VEGF and NF-kB in neutrophils. We have found increased IL-1β and IL-6 levels in neutrophils of the uterine myoma patients, and at different stages of endometrial cancer compared with control. The IL-1β level was higher in neutrophils of the patients with intermediate and high tumor grade, compared to low-grade cases. IL-17A expression in the neutrophil lysate was significantly reduced in uterine myoma and at different stages of endometrial cancer, as compared with controls. There was a moderate inverse correlation between the contents of VEGF and IL-6 in neutrophils (r = -0.426, p = 0.001); a remarkable inverse relationship between VEGF and IL-17A (r = -0.615, p < 0.001). The combination of IL-6 and IL-17A levels in the neutrophils lysate (according to the results of multivariate analysis) may be used for the differential diagnosis of endometrial cancer and uterine myoma. Thus, the differences in the expression of inflammatory and angiogenic cytokines included in NF-kB-dependent signaling, may point to acquisition of pro-tumor functions by neutrophils during the endometrial cancer progression.
Cluster analysis of blood serum inflammation markers of conditionally healthy people
Authors: Androsova L. V. , Simonov A. N. , Ponomareva N. V. , Klyushnik T. P.
Published: May 2021

Determination of inflammatory markers in blood of conventionally healthy people is of interest due to opportunity of detecting diseases at early (preclinical) stages, as well as latent forms of pathological processes. The level of inflammation may serve as an additional criterion to forming control groups in clinical and biological studies. The aim of the study is to identify some inflammatory and autoimmune markers in a group of conventionally healthy people and to conduct a cluster analysis of the data obtained. The study involved 100 apparently healthy people (without clinical signs of infections, somatic, neurological or mental diseases) aged 19 to 88 years. The levels of IL-10, TNFα, IL-6 and autoantibodies to S100b and MBP were determined in blood serum using ELISA. Enzymatic activity of leukocyte elastase (LE) and functional activity of the α1-proteinase inhibitor (α1-PI) were determined spectrophotometrically. Protease inhibitory index (PII) was calculated as the ratio of LE to α1-PI. Cluster analysis, as well as the Shapiro–Wilk, Kruskal–Wallis, and ANOVA methods were used as the main approach to statistical data processing. All the subjects were divided into three clusters, according to their immunological parameters. The selected clusters were statistically significantly different from each other, in terms of LE activity, protease-inhibitory index (PII), as well as IL-10 and TNFα levels. The indices of a distinct cluster (43% of total cohort) are most close to average indices assessed for the general sample, which gives ground to consider the values of immune indicators from this cluster as physiological norm, corresponding to the background immunity state in healthy people. Combination of immunological parameters in two other clusters (30 and 27% of the subjects, respectively) may reflect different variants of inflammatory reactions. These clusters are characterized by multidirectional changes in LE activity and protease-inhibitory index, compared to the standard values, thus suggestive for different variants of latent inflammatory reactivity, which are realized in the patients presented in these clusters. The obtained clusters did not differ by age of the subjects (p = 0.3476), which makes it possible to exclude a significant influence of age on the determined immune parameters, and by gender characteristics (p = 0.7233). The selected clusters did not differ statistically in the functional activity of α1-PI and in the level of autoantibodies to S100b and MBP. Thus, the group of conditionally healthy people is heterogeneous in terms of inflammation markers. Inflammatory reactions of varying severity were detected in about half of the cases. Probably, this may indicate the presence of a latent pathological process and requires a detailed clinical examination.
Expression and polymorphism of lTLR4 receptors in pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a modern view
Authors: Beloglazov V. A. , Yatskov I. A. , Useinova Rean Hayrievna
Published: May 2021

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a progressive disease characterized by irreversible or partially reversible obstruction of the bronchial tree. Currently, there are many proven links in the COPD etiopathogenesis, among which a pivotal role is assigned to the value of the hyperergic inflammatory reaction in response to inhalation of various harmful substances (tobacco smoke, industrial pollutants, etc.). The number of macrophages, neutrophils, lymphocytes increases in the lungs of COPD patients, and these cells secrete a fairly wide range of inflammatory mediators. Bacterial colonization of the airways is one of the key features in COPD pathogenesis leading to persistent or chronic stimulation of immune cells through Tolllike receptors (TLR), which perceive the pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs).

This article provides a review of literature concerning modern concepts of the role of Toll-like receptors expression and polymorphism, in particular, TLR4, in pathogenesis of COPD. TLR4 is a member of the Tolllike receptor family that plays a fundamental role in pathogen identification and innate immune activation. By recognizing the pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) expressed on infectious agents, TLRs mediate the production of cytokines necessary for the development of effective immunity. Different TLRs exhibit distinct expression patterns. This receptor is most abundantly expressed in placenta and in the myelomonocytic leukocyte subpopulations. E.g., Di Stefano A. et al. (2017), determined immunohistochemically the expression levels of TLR2, TLR4, TLR9, NOD1, NOD2, CD14, Toll-interleukin-1-receptor domain containing adapter protein (TIRAP) and interleukin-1-receptor-associated phosphokinases (IRAK1 and IRAK4) in bronchial mucosa of patients with stable COPD of varying severity. It was found that TLR4 expression of the bronchial epithelium positively correlated with degree of obstruction and CD4+ and CD8+T cell contents. Stimulation of TLR4 increases cytokine production, which may be a relevant mechanism by which bacteria cause excessive inflammation in COPD patients. The degree of TLR4 involvement into COPD pathogenesis requires more detailed study in future, in order to determine the main mechanisms for emerging inflammatory response in the airways. This review article is part of a research grant project to study pro-inflammatory response to endotoxin of Gram-negative flora in COPD pathogenesis (State registration number – АААА-А19-119122390040-2).
Expansion of myeloid-derived suppressor cells in the peripheral blood of patients with ankylosing spondylitis
Authors: Morenkova A. Yu. , Tikhonova M. A. , Tyrinova T. V. , Batorov E. V. , Sizikov A. E. , Chumasova O. A. , Sulutian A. E. , Ostanin A. A. , Chernykh E. R.
Published: May 2021

Expansion of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) due to impaired differentiation of myeloid progenitor cells under conditions of inflammation was described in a number of autoimmune diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and type 1 diabetes mellitus. Studying the role of MDSCs in ankylosing spondylitis is an important issue, given that increased concentration of proinflammatory mediators in this pathology can also cause myelopoiesis disorders. The aim of present work was to study the quantitative content of MDSC subpopulations in patients with different clinical phenotypes and activity of AS. 37 patients, including 10 patients without peripheral skeletal lesions (axial form) and 27 patients with simultaneous lesions of spine and peripheral joints (peripheral form) were recruited into the study. The control group consisted of 32 age/sex-related healthy donors. Evaluation of granulocytic (LinHLA-DRCD33+CD66b+; G-MDSC), monocytic (CD14+HLA-DRlow/-; M-MDSC) and early-stage MDSCs (LinHLA-DRCD33+CD66b- ; E-MDSC) was performed using corresponding antibodies (BD Biosciences, USA) in the population of peripheral blood mononuclear cells by flow cytometry. In general, the AS patients were characterized by an increased relative and absolute amount of M-MDSC (p = 0.00002 and p = 0.00003, respectively) and G-MDSC (p = 0.0002 and p = 0.0006, respectively). Patient gender, age, and HLA-B27 expression did not significantly affect the content of these cells in peripheral blood. An increase in the median values of M-MDSC was detected both in patients with axial (Ме 5.0 (3.2-6.3) versus 2.4 (1.7-3.5) %; p = 0.001) and peripheral form (Ме 5.0 (3.0-7.0) versus 2.4 (1.7-3.5) %; p = 0.0002) AS. At the same time, the G-MDSC expansion was observed only in patients with involvement of peripheral joints (Ме 0.16 (0.07-0.3) % versus 0.05 (0.04-0.09) %; p = 0.0001). The relative contents of E-MDSC, M-MDSC and G-MDSC in the axial form of AS was in direct correlation with the activity of the disease (R = 0.58, p = 0.02; R = 0.73, p = 0.08 and R = 0.65 p = 0.04, respectively). This relationship was not observed in peripheral form of AS. The data obtained suggest a potential involvement of MDSCs in pathogenesis and phenotypic heterogeneity of AS. Simultaneously, the revealed direct correlation between the MDSC contents and the disease activity suggests a decrease in suppressive activity and/or appearance of pro-inflammatory activity in MDSC, thus requiring further research in the field.
IgM- and IgA-response of peritoneal B-1 cells to the TI-2 antigen with the presence of γδT cells in vitro
Authors: Snegireva N. A. , Sidorova E. V. , Dyakov I. N. , Gavrilova M. V. , Chernyshova I. N. , Pashkov E. P. , Svitich O. A.
Published: May 2021

IgA is an important component of the mucosal system of the body. It limits penetration of pathogens into the bloodstream. Inflammatory diseases such as Crohn disease and colitis may be associated with disorders of IgA synthesis. Both B1 and B2 cells are a source of IgA in the intestines. Special attention is paid to B1 cells, which are able to respond to T-independent type 2 antigens and produce natural antibodies. B1 cells produce about 50% of the intestinal IgA including specific antibodies to the components of microorganisms contained in the gastrointestinal tract. The mechanism of IgA formation in the T-independent way is not investigated in details. It was suggested that the γδТ-cells promote switching to IgA synthesis by B1 cells. This assumption may be supported by their co-localization with B1 lymphocytes in the intestinal mucosa, as well as participation, along with B1 cells, in formation of the first-line defense against the pathogens. In addition, the both lymphocyte subpopulations evolve during initial ontogenesis, earlier than “classic” В2 and αβT cells. Therefore, it was suggested that γδT lymphocytes may be involved into the processes of induction and/or regulation of IgM and IgA production by B1 cells in response to TH2 antigens.

In the present study, we have shown the effect of γδT cells upon generation of IgM- and IgA-forming B1 cells in response to α-1,3-dextran in vitro. We also studied the dynamics of the mRNA expression for IgM- and IgA-heavy chains by the B1 cells at different terms of in vitro culture.

It was found that, during co-cultivation of B1 cells with 20% γδT lymphocytes, there is no increase in the number of dextran-specific IgM-producing cells. The B1 cells exhibited an increase of IgM heavy chain mRNA expression in response to dextran but not in co-cultures. Expression of mRNA for IgM heavy chains in co-cultures was decreased compared to non-treated B-cell cultures. Contrary to the earlier assumption, a presence of γδT lymphocytes in culture did not enhance the formation of IgA producents. The obtained data suggest regulatory properties of the γδТ lymphocytes during the B1 cells response to T-independent antigens.
Mesenchymal stem cells: a brief review of classis concepts and new factors of osteogenic differentiation
Authors: Yurova K. A. , Melashchenko E. S. , Khasiakhmatova O. G. , Malashchenko V. V. , Melashchenko O. B. , Shunkin E. O. , Norkin I. K. , Khlusov I. A. , Litvinova L. S.
Published: May 2021

Molecular genetic mechanisms, signaling pathways, cultural conditions, factors, and markers of osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) are actively studied despite numerous works in this area of cellular technologies. This is largely due to the accumulating contradictions in seemingly classical knowledge, as well as permanent updating of the results in the field. In this regard, we focused on the main classical concepts and some new factors and mechanisms that have a noticeable regulatory effect on the differentiation potential of postnatal MSCs. The present review considers the significance of MSC sources for their differentiation capacity, as well as the role of the cellular microenvironment. The issues of classification, terminology, and functional activity of MSCs from various sources are discussed. The paracrine potential of MSCs in tissue regeneration has been considered; sufficient importance of inflammation in osteogenesis is noted, in particular, the presence of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines in the lesion focus, produced not only by microenvironmental cells but also by blood cells, including mononuclear leukocytes, migrating to the affected site. An important role in this review is given to biomechanical signals and to influence of conformational changes in cell cytoskeleton (cell shape) upon MSC differentiation, since the morphological features of cells and the structure of cytoskeleton are modulated by interactions of the cell surface with environmental factors, including hydrostatic pressure, fluid flow, compression/stretching loads. The data are presented concerning elasticity of extracellular matrix being a determining factor of cell differentiation. We conclude that one should switch from point studies of individual gene effects to multiple measurements of the gene-regulatory profile and biomolecules responsible for multiple, still poorly studied osteogenic factors of endogenous and exogenous origin. Among cornerstones in future (epi)genetic studies will be to decide if osteomodulatory effects are realized through specific signaling pathways and/or via cross-signaling with known genes controlling osteogenic differentiation of MSCs.
Plasma cytokines in patients with COVID-19 during acute phase of the disease and following complete recovery
Authors: Arsentieva N. A. , Liubimova N. E. , Batsunov O. K. , Korobova Z. R. , Stanevich O. V. , Lebedeva A. A. , Vorobyov E. A. , Vorobyova S. V. , Kulikov A. N. , Lioznov D. A. , Sharapova M. A. , Pevtcov D. E. , Totolian A. A.
Published: May 2021

COVID-19, an infection caused by the new coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, is associated with a number of pathophysiological mechanisms, mobilizing a wide spectrum of biomolecules, mainly, cytokines.

The purpose of this studywas to evaluate levels of multiple cytokines in blood plasma from the patients with COVID-19 during acute phase of the disease, and upon complete recovery. Samples of peripheral blood plasma of 56 patients with COVID-19, 69 convalescents and 10 healthy individuals were examined. Concentrations of 46 molecules, such as IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-3, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-7, IL-9, IL-12 (p40), IL-12 (p70), IL-13, IL-15, IL-17A/CTLA8, IL-17-E/IL-25, IL-17F, IL-18, IL-22, IL-27, IFNα2, IFNγ, TNFα, TNFβ/ Lymphotoxin-α (LTA), CCL2/MCP-1, CCL3/MIP-1α, CCL4/MIP-1β, CCL7/MCP-3, CCL11/Eotaxin, CCL22/MDC, CXCL1/GROα, CXCL8/IL-8, CXCL9/MIG, CXCL10/IP-10, CX3CL1/Fractalkine, IL-1ra, IL-10, EGF, FGF-2/FGF-basic, Flt3 Ligand, G-CSF, M-CSF, GM-CSF, PDGF-AA, PDGF-AB/ BB, TGF-α, VEGF-A were measured via xMAP multiplexing technology. Significantly increased levels of 18 cytokines were found in blood plasma from COVID-19 patients during acute phase of the disease (as compared to control group), i.e., IL-6, IL-7, IL-15, IL-27, TNFα, TNFβ/Lymphotoxin-α (LTA), CCL2/MCP-1, CCL7/MCP-3, CXCL1/GROα, CXCL8/IL-8, CXCL10/IP-10, CXCL9/MIG, IL-1rа, IL-10, M-CSF, GM-CSF, VEGF-A. We found a significant decrease of nearly all the mentioned cytokines in recovered patients, in comparison with those who had moderate, severe/extremely severe disease. Moreover, we revealed a significantly decreased level of 8 cytokines in plasma from convalescents, as compared with control group, i.e., IL-1α, IL-2, IL-9, IL-12 p40, IL-18, CCL22/MDC, Flt3 Ligand, TGF-α. Immune response caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection involves multiple cytokines, mostly, with pro-inflammatory effects. We have shown for the first time that the convalescence phase is characterized by significantly lower levels of cytokines which regulate cellular differentiation and hematopoiesis (in particular, lymphocytes, T-cells and NK-cells). Over acute phase of the disease, the levels of these cytokines did not change. We revealed a significant decrease of most plasma cytokines upon recovery as compared to acute phase. On the contrary, acute phase of the disease is accompanied by significant increase of both pro- and antiinflammatory cytokines in blood plasma.
Libidibia ferrea antimicrobial and disinfectant activity
Authors: Holanda Jamile Rodrigues Cosme de , Feijó Francisco Marlon Carneiro , Alves Nilza Dutra , Santos Caio Sérgio , Rodrigues Gardênia Silvana de Oliveira , Coelho Wesley Adson Costa
Published: May 2021

Microorganisms are becoming resistant to the commonly used chemical disinfectants. Thereby, these chemical products should now be replaced by natural ones. In this context, this research aimed to evaluate the disinfectant activity of the extract and decoction of Libidibia ferrea leaves in different surfaces. Thus, two forms of jucá leaf extraction (decoction and hydroalcoholic extraction) were tested through the diffusion disk technique from Kirby and Bauer, growth curve, acceptability test with the population, and surface test. Results showed sensibility to decoction of S. aureus and E. faecalis strains; however, for the extract, the strains that demonstrated sensibility were S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, Micrococcus spp. Corynebacterium spp., and S. Typhimurium in the diffusion disk test. A reduction of the bacterial charge throughout the growth curve was seen through the absorbance values after 24 hours to the strains of E. coli, E. feacalis, Micrococcus spp. and K. pneumoniae in the concentration of 100 mg/mL of the decoction and extract. Regarding the surfaces test, there was a reduction in the bacterial charge in all tested strains. Therefore, the L. ferrea may be used as an effective alternative disinfectant measure.
A ERA DOS INQUÉRITOS: LIVROS, LEITURA E LEITORES EM SÃO PAULO, ANOS 1920
Authors: Schapochnik Nelson
Published: May 2021

Este ensaio se debruça sobre um conjunto de textos publicados em revistas e na imprensa dos anos 1920 por um editor (Monteiro Lobato), um crítico literário (José Maria Bello), um ensaísta (Antonio de Alcântara Machado) e um pedagogo (Manoel Bergstrom Lourenço Filho). Embora não seja possível indicar uma relação dialógica entre a totalidade dos textos, a sua leitura cerrada permite destacar algumas afinidades seletivas entre eles. Este elemento comum se traduz na busca de instrumentos de  sondagem capazes de produzir dados, apontar tendências e projeções, traçar diagnósticos sobre as práticas editoriais e a formação dos leitores na cidade de São Paulo. Atento simultaneamente à referencialidade e aos modos de argumentação empregados por estes mediadores culturais, é possível compreender a tal Era dos Inquéritos enquanto a  scensão de discursos que forjarão uma política cultural visando articular a reflexão sobre os livros e o campo editorial, a formação dos leitores e equipamentos culturais na cidade. Lido de um ponto de vista retrospectivo, a Era dos Inquéritos pode ser considerada como um conjunto de reflexões que forneceram iluminações para a elaboração do programa do Departamento de Cultura e Recreação, dirigido por Mário de Andrade nos anos 30.
Saúde mental de trabalhadoras sexuais na pandemia da COVID-19: agentes estressores e estratégias de coping
Authors: Couto Pablo Luiz Santos , Porcino Carle , Pereira Samantha Souza da Costa , Gomes Antônio Marcos Tosoli , França Luiz Carlos Moraes , Vilela Alba Benemérita Alves
Published: May 2021

Objetivou-se analisar as estratégias de coping adotadas por trabalhadoras sexuais para os agentes estressores decorrentes da pandemia da COVID-19. Estudo descritivo, qualitativo, apoiado nas teorias do Sistemas e Coping. Realizou-se entrevista em profundidade com 30 trabalhadoras sexuais, do Alto Sertão Produtivo Baiano, durante os meses de setembro e outubro de 2020. As narrativas foram submetidas aos recursos da hermenêutica-dialética para organização das categorias. Quatro categorias remetem aos agentes estressores do sistema: sentimentos negativos de medo, ansiedade e dificuldades de dormir com as incertezas diante da pandemia; preocupação com o sustento dos familiares; irritabilidade diante de conflitos; angústias e inseguranças com as condições de trabalho. Cinco categorias fazem alusão ao coping: focam no problema (pandemia); ressignificação e regulação de emoções; espiritualidade e religiosidade; redes de apoio e suporte social; uso de substâncias e medicamentos. Os estressores surgem em decorrência das vivências do serviço sexual aliadas a situação pandêmica com a evasão dos clientes e da renda, desenvolvendo sentimentos e emoções negativas. Entretanto, as estratégias de coping são diversas e uma tentativa de lidar com os problemas e equilibrar a saúde mental.
CONCILIACIÓN DE LA VIDA FAMILIAR Y BIENESTAR LABORAL, ANÁLISIS DE ROLES SOCIALES Y GÉNERO EN TIEMPOS DE COVID-19. CASO ECUADOR
Authors: Ruperti-Lucero Erika Marissa , Espinel-Guadalupe Johana Verónica , Naranjo-Cabrera Carlos Rolando , Aguilar-Pita Diana Vicky
Published: May 2021

Cuando se inició el confinamiento por la presencia del Covid-19, en Ecuador los hogares se convirtieron en sitios de trabajo. El presente estudio tiene como objetivo caracterizar la vida familiar y bienestar laboral en función a los estilos de afrontamiento que se presentan en el actual contexto a través de un estudio cuantitativo. Se recopilaron datos por medio de un formulario en línea, se usó un Cuestionario Socio demográfico denominado Confinamiento por Covid-19 y el Cuestionario de Afrontamiento del Estrés-CAE. Participaron 258 personas (65,9 % mujeres y 34,1 % hombres). Los resultados evidencian características importantes de la conciliación vida familiar - bienestar laboral, que el tiempo de dedicación a los hijos e hijas - hogar y la adaptación al teletrabajo, no revelan un equilibrio entre las variables de roles y género. Las personas con menos adaptación al teletrabajo presentan afrontamientos Evitativo (r= - 140; p= 0,024) y personas en dedicación total (hogar y labores) superan las horas establecidas y presentan estilos Focalizados en la solución (r= 0,155; p= 0,013), en la Religión (r= - 0,189; p= 0,002) y en la Evitación (r= 0,187; p= 0,003).
Use of Concept-Based eLearning Videos in Interprofessional Education
Authors: S Sahni , SE Park
Published: May 2021

The purpose of the articles was to describe a narrative review of literature for Concept-based eLearning, which was introduced in the predoctoral interprofessional education (IPE) curriculum to teach key transferable ideas and to consider the context of dental care in the spectrum of comprehensive patient care. The COVID -19 pandemic has further presented a disruption to the usual curriculum, and time to rethink and redesign the interprofessional education course at Harvard School of Dental Medicine (HSDM) with new pedological methods. Concept-based eLearning videos were incorporated into the interprofessional educational courses in order to advance the teaching and learning approaches. It was an attempt to provide student-focused teaching strategies which not only gave students the flexibility to learn at their own pace but also aimed at helping them increase retention and synthesize and apply knowledge. Concept videos were targeted at learning goals and were kept brief and conversational to enhance engagement. The concept-based eLearning facilitated an environment to assist students in developing awareness of interprofessional relations and communications within the health care team. Continued development and evaluation of the concept-based eLearning videos are essential in addition to faculty development efforts to support the new educational methodology.
JUAN MONTES
Authors: Vicente Franqueira Ildaura
Published: May 2021

Compositor insigne da música profana e de salón na Galicia do século XIX
Intelligence Artificielle et villes intelligentes
Authors: BAILLARGEAT Dominique
Published: May 2021

Les technologies du numérique et de l'Intelligence Artificielle (IA) sont amenées à jouer un rôle essentiel dans tous les domaines de la société de demain pour améliorer le fonctionnement de la ville et la qualité de vie de ses habitants, tout en diminuant l'impact environnemental et la facture énergétique globale. Pour atteindre ses objectifs, il est nécessaire de penser les modes de complémentarité entre l'Humain et les systèmes intelligents. En effet, l'IA contribuera à rendre les villes intelligentes et sera vue comme un facteur d'amélioration de la qualité de vie, qui si elle est comprise et acceptée par les citoyens. Ce futur environnement urbain numérique ne peut alors se résumer à un réseau interconnecté de boîtes noires, mais doit tendre vers un réseau intelligent explicable, éthique et centré sur l'Humain. Ce chapitre se place dans ce contexte et propose des pistes de réflexion sur les enjeux numériques et sociétaux de la future ville intelligente.
Algorithmes et criminalistique
Authors: FILLON Christian
Published: May 2021

L'utilisation d'algorithmes pour exploiter les traces criminalistiques constitue une avancée importante pour les experts crimilalistes et apporte une aide aux enquêtes avec une plus grande précision et rapidité d'exploitation. De nombreux développements restent à venir.
Algorithme et maîtrise des risques
Authors: FOUSSARD Christian , DENIS-RÉMIS Cédric
Published: May 2021

À l'origine réside un raisonnement simple mais captieux~: Puisque des algorithmes sont capables de trouver des solutions valides à des problèmes auxquels l'homme ne sait ou peine à répondre, il est tentant de croire que l'on peut confier des problèmes de maitrise des risques aux algorithmes. En confrontant les définitions fondamentales des propriétés de l'algorithmique à un modèle classique de gestion de la connaissance, il apparait avec évidence que ces promesses sont fréquemment illusoires. Ce chapitre se propose d'illustrer ces limites en parcourant trois aspects très différents de la maitrise des risques~: l'inspection des installations industrielles, la modélisation des phénomènes dangereux et la gestion des risques projets. L'analyse des risques procède d'une double finalité s'articulant entre, d'une part, la mise en œuvre de mesures de préventions et de protection et, d'autre part, la révision des représentations des parties prenantes face aux risques. Dans ce contexte, la performativité des algorithmes se trouve nécessairement restreinte.
L’usage des algorithmes dans les parcours studieux et professionnels
Authors: HOUZEL Guillaume
Published: May 2021

Les algorithmes jouent un rôle de plus en plus notable dans trois champs décisifs dans la vie de chacun d'entre nous. Au cours des processus d'orientation d'abord, pour déterminer son parcours de formation et déterminer dans quel secteur professionnel s'engager. Dans le champ des études elles-mêmes, pour évaluer la maîtrise des compétences ou recommander ensuite un parcours pédagogique. Troisièmement, pour se situer, se projeter et être accompagné sur le marché du travail dont la transformation n'a jamais été aussi rapide, compliquant le déroulement et la prévision des carrières. De nouveaux outils numériques sont conçus, expérimentés, déployés, via des initiatives privées ou publiques, locales ou internationales, sectorielles ou généralistes ; À chaque fois, ils posent non seulement des défis techniques, mais aussi éthiques et politiques, que notre société doit apprendre à relever.
Interpretation of Autonomic Function Test
Authors: Park Kee Hong , Sohn Eun Hee
Published: May 2021

The autonomic function test consists of the tests that evaluate the sudomotor, cardiovascular adrenergic, and parasympathetic functions. As its importance grows, more and more medical institutions want to evaluate it properly. However, there are many variables to consider and difficulties in interpreting ambiguous results, which may lead to incorrect screening. This paper is intended to help provide an appropriate interpretation of autonomic function tests in clinical settings.
Clinical Assessment Scales in Autonomic Nervous System Disorders
Authors: Cho Eun Bin , Park Ki-Jong
Published: May 2021

The autonomic nervous system plays an important role in maintaining homeostasis mediated by the parasympathetic, sympathetic and enteric systems. Autonomic failure adversely affects body function and may increase morbidity and mortality. Therefore, the scoring systems, such as Ewing’s classification and Composite Autonomic Scoring Scale (CASS), were developed to detect and quantify autonomic deficits, primarily focusing on the cardiovascular reflex system. Autonomic disorders manifest with a myriad of symptoms resulting from the dysfunction of the gastrointestinal, genitourinary, secretomotor, pupillomotor systems as well as cardiovascular system. Several self-report questionnaires, such as Composite Autonomic Symptom Scale (COMPASS), Scale for Outcomes in Parkinson’s disease for Autonomic Symptoms (SCOPA-AUT), Survey of Autonomic Symptom (SAS), were also used to support to detect various signs and symptoms of autonomic dysfunction in clinical settings. In this review, we introduce clinically useful assessment scales in autonomic nervous system disorders.