bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Characterizing delinquent behavior in early adolescence: Results from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development- Social Development study
Authors: Brislin Sarah J , Choi Maia , Hicks Brian M.
Published: April 2024

We examined associations among early delinquency and key personality traits, psychopathology, and environmental factors among youth enrolled in the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development - Social Development (ABCD-SD) study, a substudy of the national ABCD study. Establishing these associations at baseline is an important step for identifying early risk factors for delinquent behavior. The ABCD-SD study includes annual assessments of delinquency, victimization, and personality features for participants from five sites (N = 2,426). We used all data from the ABCD-SD baseline assessment (M age = 11.7 years, 48% female). Self-reported race was 53% White, 31% Black, 12% multiracial, with 11% self-identified as Hispanic. Thirty-six percent reported their annual household income was under 50,000USD. Linear regression models were used to examine the association between delinquency and the risk factors of interest. We also examined interactions between each risk factor and sex as well as race (Black compared to White youth). We found that delinquency was associated with lower levels of empathy and fear, and higher levels of impulsivity, aggression, and other externalizing behaviors. Delinquency was also associated with higher levels of antisocial peer affiliation and lower levels of positive parenting practices, neighborhood cohesion, and school engagement. Interactions between key risk factors and sex or race were mostly non-significant. These results provide a comprehensive characterization of associations between delinquency in emerging adolescence and key outcomes across multiple domains in a large, geographically diverse sample.
Registered Report - Conversational Remembering about Personal Lived Experiences: Shared Reality and Autobiographical Reflection
Authors: Costabile Kristi , Boytos Abby , Wasinger Grace , Bognar Emma
Published: April 2024

Interpersonal communication often involves conversational remembering in which an individual describes their autobiographical experiences to a conversation partner. In the proposed studies, we aim to examine the role of conversational remembering on autobiographical reflection under experimentally rigorous and ecologically valid conditions. The proposed project examines how the experience of a shared reality with a communication audience affects: (a) how rememberers attach the recalled event to their self-concept, (b) how connected rememberers feel with their communication audience, and (c) the role of the recalled event when projecting future experiences. Study 1 will use an experimental design that manipulates both shared reality and event valence to examine effects on communicators’ perceptions of self, social, and future outcomes. Study 2 will use a daily diary design to examine experiences related to conversational remembering in everyday life. This work builds on previous research to more fully understand the role of communication processes on autobiographical consciousness and the meaning individuals derive from their remembered life experiences.
Lack of Response to Intravitreal Ranibizumab Treatment in Adult Onset Foveomacular Vitelliform Dystrophy Complicated with Choroidal Neovascularization: A Case Report
Authors: Berhuni Mustafa , Tıskaoğlu Nesime Setge , Ozturkmen Cem
Published: April 2024

Adult-onset foveomacular vitelliform dystrophy (AOFVD) is a rare disease characterized by accumulation of yellowish deposits in the macula. Rarely, it may be complicated by choroidal neovascularization (CNV). Cases with CNV may be confused with occult CNV in age-related macular degeneration. In our case, we will present the visual and anatomical results of a patient with AOVF-related CNV, in which we administered 3 doses of intravitreal ranibizumab (IVR). A 59-year-old female patient, who attended our clinic with the complaint of decreased vision in both eyes, was diagnosed with AOVF-related CNV in both eyes and was treated with 3 doses of IVR for 3 months. Despite the improvement in visual and anatomical functions 1 month after the first dose, vision decreased, and anatomical functions regressed to the pre-injection state in continued injections. IVR therapy is not an appropriate treatment option in the treatment of AOVF-associated CNV.
El ensayo penetrómetro de cono aplicado a la determinación de la resistencia al corte no drenada de suelos de grano fino
Authors: Escalaya Advíncula Miriam Rosanna , Hernández Aguilar Marco Antonio , Rojas Llactas César Giancarlo , Vega López Ronald Saúl
Published: April 2024

El comportamiento de suelos finos blandos es considerado uno de los más complejos y problemáticos, desde el punto de vista geotécnico. Por tal motivo, es importante y fundamental el conocimiento de sus parámetros de resistencia y compresibilidad. En el presente artículo se realiza una revisión de la literatura disponible acerca de la utilización del ensayo Penetrómetro de Cono en la determinación de la resistencia no drenada de estos suelos, las calibraciones necesarias y los principales avances en la determinación del factor de cono K. El Ensayo Penetrómetro de Cono es utilizado comúnmente en la obtención del límite líquido de los suelos, y debido a la facilidad de su uso se convierte en una alterativa rápida y económica para la obtención de la resistencia no drenada de suelos arcillosos blandos.
Multicomponent Synthesis of Novel Unsymmetric 6-Aryl Substituted 5-Nitropyridines
Authors: Kulakov Ilya , Chikunov Semyon , Elyshev Andrey , Kulakov Ivan
Published: April 2024

We have previously studied a multicomponent reaction for the synthesis of unsymmetrical 5-nitro-1,4-dihydropyridines using unsubstituted 2-nitroacetophenone, 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds, and various aldehydes such as formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, and furfural. This paper reports the use of unsymmetrical 3-acetyl-5-nitro-1,4-dihydropyridines containing aryl substituents at the 6-position in a multicomponent synthesis reaction. The starting aryl-substituted nitroacetophenones were prepared by two methods. The first method involved the two-step Katritzky method, which is described in the literature. This method consists of preparing N-acylbenzotriazoles from the corresponding substituted derivatives of benzoic acid and 1,2,3-benzotriazole in the presence of thionyl chloride. This is followed by C-acylation of nitromethane in supernatron medium (t-BuOK – DMSO). A number of 2-nitroacetophenone derivatives were prepared from more commercially available aromatic aldehydes by the Henry reaction with nitromethane followed by oxidation of the resulting secondary nitroalcohols. The multicomponent reaction of 6-aryl-substituted 5-nitro-1,4-dihydropyridines and their subsequent aromatization into 5-nitropyridines allowed us to reduce the overall reaction time by more than 40 times and to increase the total yield of 5-nitro-6-arylpyridines by an average of twofold compared to the method described in the literature. Furthermore, the 3-acetyl-5-nitropyridines we have obtained are significant intermediates in the synthesis of novel, more complex heterocyclic systems with potential biological activity. These systems include δ-carbolines and epoxybenzooxocyno[4,3-b]pyridines, which are currently of great interest for the study of their properties.
Limites à liberdade de expressão: inquérito das Fake News no Supremo Tribunal Federal
Authors: Napolitano Carlo José , Catib de Laurentiis Lucas , Stroppa Tatiana
Published: April 2024

Baseado em análise jurisprudencial, este texto apresenta e analisa decisão proferida pelo STF na ADPF 572, que tratou do Inquérito das Fake News. O texto conclui que o STF mostrou uma inclinação diversa de sua jurisprudência que, em regra, conferia uma posição preferencial à liberdade de expressão. Nesse julgado, excluiu do âmbito de proteção dessa liberdade as notícias falsas construídas com a finalidade de desestabilizar o regime democrático e a existência do Supremo e do Congresso Nacional.
Inteligência artificial generativa (IA gen) e vídeos-fake: corpos, pornografia e tecnologias de má-informação
Authors: Barcelos Marcelo , Ioscote Fabia , Fontinha Cristiane , Baldessar Maria José
Published: April 2024

As autoras e o autor analisam a escalada de conteúdos porn fake - materiais pornográficos falsos criados a partir de aplicativos de Inteligência Artificial (IA) Generativa - que permitem recriar vídeos e gerar montagens com imagens pessoais. A GenAI potencializa um novo mercado pornográfico de conteúdo falso e acentua violências de gênero. Casos recentes, no Brasil e Reino Unido, inclusive em escolas, reforçam a urgência por regulação da IA Gen, autenticidade e fiscalização das plataformas.
Non-Neurogenic ‘Christmas Tree’ Urinary Bladder in A 30-Year-Old Man with Urethral Stricture: A Case Report
Authors: HG Ibrahim
Published: April 2024

condition the urinary bladder appears elongated and pointed with a thickened, trabeculated wall likened to a Christmas tree. It is most commonly the result of neurogenic bladder from detrusor hyperreflexia which most commonly occurs after spinal trauma. Christmas tree bladder also may rarely be seen in cases of bladder neck obstruction of non- neurogenic cause. A 30-year-old male presented with two weeks history of leakage of urine par the perineum. There was prior history of urethral discharge, poor urinary stream, urine dribbling and dysuria. No history of genital trauma, urethral instrumentation or catheterization in past. Attempt at passage of urethral catheter failed. He subsequently had open supra pubic cystostomy. Ultrasonography shows multiple internal echoes in the urine with thickened irregular bladder wall. The upper urinary tract was normal. Combine RUG and VCUG demonstrate short segments strictures at the bulbar and membranous urethra. A track of contrast column was noted from the region of the bulbar stricture to the exterior consistent with urethro-cutaneous fistula. The urinary bladder appears large, elongated superiorly with irregular outline resembling ‘Christmas tree’ configuration.
Finite Element Analysis Comparing the Biomechanical Parameters in Multilevel Posterior Cervical Instrumentation Model Involving Lateral Mass Screw versus Transpedicular Screw Fixation at the C7 Vertebra
Authors: Kulkarni Arvind Gopalrao , Kumar Priyambada , Shetty Gautam Manjayya , Roy Sandipan , Manickam Pechimuthu Susai , Dhason Raja , Chadalavada Aditya Raghavendra Sai Siva , Adbalwad Yogesh Madhavrao
Published: April 2024

Study Design: Basic research.Purpose: This finite element (FE) analysis (FEA) aimed to compare the biomechanical parameters in multilevel posterior cervical fixation with the C7 vertebra instrumented by two techniques: lateral mass screw (LMS) vs. transpedicular screw (TPS).Overview of Literature: Very few studies have compared the biomechanics of different multilevel posterior cervical fixation constructs.Methods: Four FE models of multilevel posterior cervical fixation were created and tested by FEA in various permutations and combinations. Generic differences in fixation were determined, and the following parameters were assessed: (1) maximum moment at failure, (2) maximum angulation at failure, (3) maximum stress at failure, (4) point of failure, (5) intervertebral disc stress, and (6) influence of adding a C2 pars screw to the multilevel construct.Results: The maximum moment at failure was higher in the LMS fixation group than in the TPS group. The maximum angulation in flexion allowed by LMS was higher than that by TPS. The maximum strain at failure was higher in the LMS group than in the TPS group. The maximum stress endured before failure was higher in the TPS group than in the LMS group. Intervertebral stress levels at C6–C7 and C7–T1 intervertebral discs were higher in the LMS group than in the TPS group. For both models where C2 fixation was performed, lower von Mises stress was recorded at the C2–C3 intervertebral disc level.Conclusions: Ending a multilevel posterior cervical fixation construct with TPS fixation rather than LMS fixation at the C7 vertebra provides a stiff and more constrained construct system, with higher stress endurance to compressive force. The constraint and durability of the construct can be further enhanced by adding a C2 pars screw in the fixation system.
Dynamic Cervical Spinal Canal Stenosis: Identifying Imaging Risk Factors in Extended Positions
Authors: Matsumoto Shogo , Aoyama Ryoma , Yamane Junichi , Ninomiya Ken , Takahashi Yuichiro , Kitamura Kazuya , Nori Satoshi , Suzuki Satoshi , Anazawa Ukei , Shiraishi Tateru
Published: April 2024

Study Design: A retrospective study at a single academic institution.Purpose: This study aimed to identify imaging risk factors for stenosis in extended neck positions undetectable in preoperative neutral magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and improving decompression strategies for cervical spine disorders.Overview of Literature: Cervical disorders are influenced by various dynamic factors, with spinal stenosis appearing during neck extension. Despite the diagnostic value of dynamic cervical MRI, standard practice often uses neutral-position MRI, potentially influencing surgical outcomes.Methods: This study analyzed 143 patients who underwent decompression surgery between 2012 and 2014, who had symptomatic cervical disorders and MRI evidence of spinal cord or nerve compression but had no history of cervical spine surgery. Patient demographics, disease type, Japanese Orthopedic Association score, and follow-up periods were recorded. Spinal surgeons conducted radiological evaluations to determine stenosis levels using computed tomography myelography or MRI in neutral and extended positions. Measurements such as dural tube and spinal cord diameters, cervical alignment, range of motion, and various angles and distances were also analyzed. The residual space available for the spinal cord (SAC) was also calculated.Results: During extension, new stenosis frequently appeared caudal to the stenosis site in a neutral position, particularly at C5/C6 and C6/C7. A low SAC was identified as a significant risk factor for the development of new stenosis in both the upper and lower adjacent disc levels. Each 1-mm decrease in SAC resulted in an 8.9- and 2.7-fold increased risk of new stenosis development in the upper and lower adjacent disc levels, respectively. A practical SAC cutoff of 1.0 mm was established as the threshold for new stenosis development.Conclusions: The study identified SAC narrowing as the primary risk factor for new stenosis, with a clinically relevant cutoff of 1 mm. This study highlights the importance of local factors in stenosis development, advocating for further research to improve outcomes in patient with cervical spine disorders.
Sagittal Section Hounsfield Units of the Upper Instrumented Vertebrae as a Predictor of Proximal Junctional Vertebral Fractures Following Adult Spinal Deformity Surgery
Authors: Murata Koichi , Otsuki Bungo , Shimizu Takayoshi , Sono Takashi , Fujibayashi Shunsuke , Matsuda Shuichi
Published: April 2024

Study Design: A retrospective observational study.Purpose: This study aimed to determine an accurate and convenient screening method for predicting proximal junctional fractures (PJFr) following surgery for adult spinal deformity (ASD) using computed tomography (CT)-based measurement of Hounsfield units (HUs).Overview of Literature: CT-based measurement of HUs is an alternative tool for assessing bone mineral density. However, the optimal method for predicting adjacent vertebral fractures following spinal fusion using HUs remains unclear.Methods: This retrospective observational study included 42 patients who underwent reconstructive surgery for ASD. Elliptical regions of interest (ROIs) on the axial section and rectangular ROIs on the sagittal section were placed at the upper instrumented vertebrae (UIV), UIV+1, and UIV+2. In addition, the HU value of the L2 vertebra was used as the representative.Results: PJFr occurred in 28.6% of patients within 2 years following surgery. The HU values obtained from the axial sections of L2, UIV, UIV+1, and UIV+2 were not significantly associated with the incidence of PJFr within 2 years, except for the ROI set in the lower region of the L2 vertebra. However, the HU value of the anterior third of the UIV in the sagittal section was significantly lower in the PJFr group than in the nonPJFr group (87.0 vs. 160.3, p =0.001). A UIV HU value of <100 was associated with a higher incidence of PJFr than an HU vaue of >100 (p <0.05).Conclusions: Measurements of HU in the anterior one-third of the UIV in the sagittal section demonstrated predictive ability for PJFr following ASD surgery. A UIV HU value of <100 emerged as a risk factor for PJFr.
CONTEMPLATING HISTORICAL CONSCIOUSNESS
Authors: Clark Anna , Peck Carla L.
Published: April 2024

The last several decades have witnessed an explosion of new empirical research into representations of the past and the conditions of their production, prompting claims that we have entered a new era in which the past has become more “present” than ever before. Contemplating Historical Consciousness brings together leading historians, ethnographers, and other scholars who give illuminating reflections on the aims, methods, and conceptualization of their own research as well as the successes and failures they have encountered. This rich collective account provides valuable perspectives for current scholars while charting new avenues for future research.
HUMANITARIANISM AND MEDIA
Authors: Paulmann Johannes
Published: April 2024

From Christian missionary publications to the media strategies employed by today’s NGOs, this interdisciplinary collection explores the entangled histories of humanitarianism and media. It traces the emergence of humanitarian imagery in the West and investigates how the meanings of suffering and aid have been constructed in a period of evolving mass communication, demonstrating the extent to which many seemingly new phenomena in fact have long historical legacies. Ultimately, the critical histories collected here help to challenge existing asymmetries and help those who advocate a new cosmopolitan consciousness recognizing the dignity and rights of others.
ARTIFAK
Authors: DeBlock Hugo
Published: April 2024

In Vanuatu, commoditization and revitalization of culture and the arts do not necessarily work against each other; both revolve around value formation and the authentication of things. This book investigates the meaning and value of (art) objects as commodities in differing states of transit and transition: in the local place, on the market, in the museum. It provides an ethnographic account of commoditization in a context of revitalization of culture and the arts in Vanuatu, and the issues this generates, such as authentication of actions and things, indigenized copyright, and kastom disputes over ownership and the nature of kastom itself.
THE CHANGING MEANINGS OF THE WELFARE STATE
Authors: Edling Nils
Published: April 2024

In discussions of economics, governance, and society in the Nordic countries, “the welfare state” is a well-worn analytical concept. However, there has been much less scholarly energy devoted to historicizing this idea beyond its postwar emergence. In this volume, specialists from Denmark, Finland, Sweden, Norway, and Iceland chronicle the historical trajectory of “the welfare state,” tracing the variable ways in which it has been interpreted, valued, and challenged over time. Each case study generates valuable historical insights into not only the history of Northern Europe, but also the welfare state itself as both a phenomenon and a concept.
PARTY RESPONSES TO SOCIAL MOVEMENTS
Authors: Piccio Daniela R.
Published: April 2024

Across the West, the explosion of social movement activity since the late 1960s has constituted a “participatory revolution” that has posed profound challenges for formal political parties. Through an analysis of new interviews, institutional documents, and a host of other largely unexploited sources, Daniela R. Piccio provides a rich and empirically grounded exploration of the wide-ranging responses to these movements. Focusing on Italy and the Netherlands since the 1970s, Party Responses to Social Movements demonstrates how political parties have incorporated the demands of movements to a surprising extent, even as both have grappled with fundamental and inevitable tensions between their respective roles and aims.
POLITICAL NETWORKS AND SOCIAL MOVEMENTS
Authors: Valdivia Rivera Soledad
Published: April 2024

After a landslide electoral victory in 2006, Evo Morales became the first indigenous President of Bolivia. Morales’s stunning ascent was mirrored by the rising fortunes of his political party, the leftist Movimiento al Socialismo, which today continues to challenge the status quo in Bolivian politics and implement ambitious social reforms. This study examines how the state and social movements have impacted democratization in Bolivia, along with other sectors such as NGOs and the media. Soledad Valdivia Rivera’s analysis helps us to understand how the movement's relationships have come to transform the Bolivian political process as we know it.
Economic Dependence as a Criterion for the Protection of the Self-Employed under EU Law and in Selected Member States
Authors: Duraj Tomasz
Published: April 2024

This paper presents the cornerstones of the conceptual distinctions necessary to map out a separate category of workers, namely “economically dependent self-employed workers” (who fall between dependent subordinated employees and independent self-employed entrepreneurs) from the perspective of the EU law and the laws of selected Member States. The author considers how the economic dependency of self-employed workers should be defined, which method(s) of protection should be applied to these workers, and what scope of protection they should enjoy. The observations in this paper serve as a basis for de lege ferenda recommendations for the Polish legislator. At present, there is no separate category of “economically dependent self-employed workers” in Polish law.
Świecka a kanoniczna autentyczna wykładnia prawa
Authors: Piszko Robert
Published: April 2024

W polskiej nauce prawa określenie różnych typów wykładni ze względu na jej moc wiążącą prowadzi do wyróżnienia wykładni autentycznej, wykładni legalnej (wykładnia wiążąca, jeśli prawo tak stanowi), operatywnej i doktrynalnej. Jeśli rezultat wykładni wiąże w określonym zakresie, to zbędne jest realizowanie zabiegów merytorycznych, które z kolei określa druga typologia. W jej ramach wyróżnia się wykładnię językową (w tym literalną), systematyczną, systemową, funkcjonalną, rozszerzającą, zwężającą, historyczną, prawnoporównawczą. Podobnie jest w nauce prawa kanonicznego, chociaż w kanonistyce inaczej traktuje się różne rodzaje wykładni prawa. Tak właśnie jest w przypadku wykładni autentycznej, która w ujęciu kanonicznym ściśle łączy się z wykładnią legalną, podczas gdy w nauce świeckiej relacja tych dwóch rodzajów wykładni jest odmienna. Właśnie wykładnia autentyczna, a z konieczności również wykładnia legalna i operatywna, jest przedmiotem tego opracowania. Jego celem jest uchwycenie różnic w zakresie roli świeckiej i kanonicznej wykładni autentycznej w praktyce wykładni prawa i sformułowanie wniosków de lege ferenda dla inspirowanej kanonicznym ujęciem nowej koncepcji tej wykładni w prawie świeckim. Koncepcja ta zakłada, że zapewnienie uznawania mocy wiążącej wykładni autentycznej realizowanej przez podmiot, który dany przepis ustanowił, wymaga stworzenia instytucjonalnego zorganizowania jej stosowania i uznawania za wiążącą.
Wobec dobra uroczystego. Religijność uczniów szkół białostockich
Authors: Zemło Mariusz
Published: April 2024

W artykule przedstawiono religijność uczniów uczęszczających do szkół w Białymstoku, liczącym 300 tysięcy mieszkańców. Dane stanowiące podstawę rozstrzygnięć pochodzą z badań ilościowych przeprowadzonych w czwartym kwartale 2022 roku. Uczestniczyła w nich młodzież w wieku od 14 do 20 lat. Podstawę omówienia stanowi ponad 3,5 tysiąca ankiet. W rozstrzygnięciu podstawowej kwestii wzięto pod uwagę wskaźnik autodeklaracji wiary oraz praktyk religijnych. By prezentowane dane uzyskały kontekstualne odniesienia postanowiono zestawić je z przedsięwzięciami podobnego typu o zasięgu regionalnym i ogólnopolskim (sięgając jedynie do najnowszych, z uwagi na szybko dokonujące się przeobrażenia w omawianej sferze faktów). Nadto porównano je z badaniami z 2015 i 2019 roku przeprowadzanych w tym samym mieście, co pozwoliło zidentyfikować zmiany, jakim podlega religijność młodzieży szkolnej, oraz określić ich kierunek.
Silivri’de arazi kullanımı değişimi (1990-2022) ve modellenmesi (2038-2054)
Authors: Tunalı Emre , Akengin Hamza
Published: April 2024

Bu çalışmada, Silivri’de 1990-2022 yılları arasında meydana gelen arazi kullanımı değişimlerini tespit etmek ve mevcut veriler ışığında geleceğe yönelik modeller oluşturarak arazide meydana gelebilecek değişimin yönlerini ve etkilerini öngörmek amaçlanmıştır. Söz konusu değişimi tespit etmek amacıyla öncelikle Landsat uydularından elde edilen uydu görüntüleri kullanılmış, görüntüler ArcMap 10.5 programı aracılığıyla analize tabi tutulmuştur. Analiz sonucu tematik haritalar üzerinden elde edilen veriler, tablo ve grafikler vasıtasıyla yorumlanmıştır. Çalışmanın son aşamasında, Yapay Sinir Ağları (YSA) ve Hücresel Otomat (HO) Markov Zincirleri yöntemleri kullanılarak 2038 ve 2054 yılları için model haritaları oluşturulmuştur. Çalışmadan elde edilen sonuçlar arazi sınıflarının büyük ölçüde değiştiğini göstermektedir. 1990-2022 yılları arasında yapay yüzeyler sınıfı içinde değerlendirilen konut ve sanayi alanları önemli ölçüde artış gösterirken, tarım ve mera alanları ile orman alanlarında azalış gerçekleşmiştir. Modelden elde edilen bulgular gelecekte de değişimin süreceğini göstermektedir. Buna göre yapay yüzeylerin alanının artması beklenmektedir. Ancak, tarım ve mera alanları ile orman arazilerinin kapladığı alanın azalmaya devam edeceği öngörülmektedir.
Asymptotic behaviour of some anisotropic problems
Authors: Chipot Michel
Published: April 2024

The goal of this paper is to explore the asymptotic behaviour of anisotropic problems governed by operators of the pseudo p-Laplacian type when the size of the domain goes to infinity in different directions.
Nonlinear elliptic eigenvalue problems in cylindrical domains becoming unbounded in one direction
Authors: Rawat Rama , Roy Haripada , Roy Prosenjit
Published: April 2024

The aim of this work is to characterize the asymptotic behaviour of the first eigenfunction of the generalised p-Laplace operator with mixed (Dirichlet and Neumann) boundary conditions in cylindrical domains when the length of the cylindrical domains tends to infinity. This generalises an earlier work of Chipot et al. (Asymptot. Anal. 85(3–4) (2013) 199–227) where the linear case p = 2 is studied. Asymptotic behavior of all the higher eigenvalues of the linear case and the second eigenvalues of general case (using topological degree) for such problems is also studied.
Impaired Glymphatic Flow on Diffusion Tensor MRI as a Marker of Neurodegeneration in Alzheimer’s Disease: Correlation with Gray Matter Volume Loss and Cognitive Decline Independent of Cerebral Amyloid Deposition
Authors: Kim Minjae , Song Yoo Sung , Han Kyunghwa , Bae Yun Jung , Han Ji Won , Kim Ki Woong
Published: April 2024

Background: Impaired glymphatic flow on the Alzheimer’s disease (AD) spectrum may be evaluated using diffusion tensor image analysis along the perivascular space (DTI-ALPS). Objective: We aimed to validate impaired glymphatic flow and explore its association with gray matter volume, cognitive status, and cerebral amyloid deposition on the AD spectrum. Methods: 80 participants (mean age, 76.9±8.5 years; 57 women) with AD (n = 65) and cognitively normal (CN) (n = 15) who underwent 3T brain MRI including DTI and/or amyloid PET were included. After adjusting for age, sex, apolipoprotein E status, and burden of white matter hyperintensities, the ALPS-index was compared according to the AD spectrum. The association between the ALPS-index and gray matter volume, cognitive status, and quantitative amyloid from PET was assessed. Results: The ALPS-index in the AD was significantly lower (mean, 1.476; 95% CI, 1.395–1.556) than in the CN (1.784;1.615–1.952; p = 0.026). Volumes of the entorhinal cortex, hippocampus, temporal pole, and primary motor cortex showed significant associations with the ALPS-index (all, p < 0.05). There was a positive correlation between the ALPS-index and MMSE score (partial r = 0.435; p < 0.001), but there was no significant correlation between the ALPS-index and amyloid SUVRs (all, p > 0.05). Conclusions: Decreased glymphatic flow measured by DTI-ALPS in AD may serve as a marker of neurodegeneration correlating with structural atrophy and cognitive decline.
Associations of Handgrip Strength Weakness and Asymmetry with Lower Cognitive Function: Results from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2011–2014)
Authors: Peng Lang , Xiang Qingwei , Zhou Yong , Yin Renyi
Published: April 2024

Background: The joint associations of handgrip strength (HGS) weakness and asymmetry with cognitive decline remain understudied in older adults. Objective: To investigate the associations between HGS weakness, asymmetry, and lower cognitive function in a nationally representative sample of older Americans. Methods: This cross-sectional study utilized data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2011–2014. Weakness was defined as HGS <26 kg for men and <16 kg for women. Asymmetry was determined by calculating the ratio of dominant to non-dominant HGS. Participants with an HGS ratio <0.90 or >1.10 were classified as having any HGS asymmetry. Those with an HGS ratio >1.10 exhibited dominant HGS asymmetry, while those with an HGS ratio <0.90 displayed nondominant HGS asymmetry, respectively. Lower cognitive functioning was defined as global cognitive composite scores more than 1 standard deviation below the mean. Covariate-adjusted logistic regression models were used to analyze the associations between HGS asymmetry/weakness and lower cognitive functioning. Results: Compared to individuals with non-weak and symmetric HGS, those with any HGS asymmetry alone and weakness alone had 1.017 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.707–1.463) and 1.391 (95% CI: 0.542–3.571) greater odds for cognitive decline, while co-occurrence of both HGS asymmetry and weakness was associated with 3.724 (95% CI: 1.711–8.107) greater odds for lower cognitive function after controlling for confounders. Cnclusions: Individuals exhibiting both diminished and asymmetrical HGS demonstrated an elevated susceptibility to cognitive impairment, thereby implying that the inclusion of HGS asymmetry assessment in conjunction with weakness evaluation may enhance the accuracy of prognosticating cognitive decline.
Cognition and Amyloid-β in Older Veterans: Characterization and Longitudinal Outcomes of Data-Derived Phenotypes
Authors: Thomas Kelsey R. ,   for the Department of Defense Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative, Clark Alexandra L. , Weigand Alexandra J. , Edwards Lauren , Durazo Alin Alshaheri , Membreno Rachel , Luu Britney , Rantins Peter , Ly Monica T. , Rotblatt Lindsay J. , Bangen Katherine J. , Jak Amy J.
Published: April 2024

Background: Within older Veterans, multiple factors may contribute to cognitive difficulties. Beyond Alzheimer’s disease (AD), psychiatric (e.g., PTSD) and health comorbidities (e.g., TBI) may also impact cognition. Objective: This study aimed to derive subgroups based on objective cognition, subjective cognitive decline (SCD), and amyloid burden, and then compare subgroups on clinical characteristics, biomarkers, and longitudinal change in functioning and global cognition. Methods: Cluster analysis of neuropsychological measures, SCD, and amyloid PET was conducted on 228 predominately male Vietnam-Era Veterans from the Department of Defense-Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative. Cluster-derived subgroups were compared on baseline characteristics as well as 1-year changes in everyday functioning and global cognition. Results: The cluster analysis identified 3 groups. Group 1 (n = 128) had average-to-above average cognition with low amyloid burden. Group 2 (n = 72) had the lowest memory and language, highest SCD, and average amyloid burden; they also had the most severe PTSD, pain, and worst sleep quality. Group 3 (n = 28) had the lowest attention/executive functioning, slightly low memory and language, elevated amyloid and the worst AD biomarkers, and the fastest rate of everyday functioning and cognitive decline. CONCLUSIONS: Psychiatric and health factors likely contributed to Group 2’s low memory and language performance. Group 3 was most consistent with biological AD, yet attention/executive function was the lowest score. The complexity of older Veterans’ co-morbid conditions may interact with AD pathology to show attention/executive dysfunction (rather than memory) as a prominent early symptom. These results could have important implications for the implementation of AD-modifying drugs in older Veterans.
Audio-textual multi-label demographic recognition of Arabic speakers using deep learning
Authors: Al-Azani Sadam , Almeshari Ridha , El-Alfy El-Sayed
Published: April 2024

Speaker demographic recognition and segmentation analytics play a key role in offering personalized experiences across different automated industries and businesses. This paper aims at developing a multi-label demographic recognition system for Arabic speakers from audio and associated textual modalities. The system can detect age groups, genders, and dialects, but it can be easily extended to incorporate more demographic traits. The proposed method is based on deep learning for feature learning and recognition. Representations of audio modality are learned through 3D spectrogram and AlexNet CNN-based architecture. An AraBERT transformer is employed for learning representations of the textual modality. Additionally, a method is provided for fusing audio and textual representations. The effectiveness of the proposed method is evaluated using the Saudi Audio Dataset for Arabic (SADA), which is a recently published database containing audio recordings of TV shows in different Arabic dialects. The experimental findings show that when using models with standalone modalities for multi-label demographic classification, textual modality using AraBERT performed better than the audio modality represented using 3D spectrogram along with AlexNet CNN-based architecture. Furthermore, when combining both modalities, audio and textual, significant improvement has been attained for all demographic traits.
SuperVidConform: Conformation detail-preserving network (CDPN) for video super-resolution
Authors: Sindge Renuka Sambhaji , Dutta Maitreyee , Saini Jagriti
Published: April 2024

Video Super Resolution (VSR) applications extensively utilize deep learning-based methods. Several VSR methods primarily focus on improving the fine-patterns within reconstructed video frames. It frequently overlooks the crucial aspect of keeping conformation details, particularly sharpness. Therefore, reconstructed video frames often fail to meet expectations. In this paper, we propose a Conformation Detail-Preserving Network (CDPN) named as SuperVidConform. It focuses on restoring local region features and maintaining the sharper details of video frames. The primary focus of this work is to generate the high-resolution (HR) frame from its corresponding low-resolution (LR). It consists of two parts: (i) The proposed model decomposes confirmation details from the ground-truth HR frames to provide additional information for the super-resolution process, and (ii) These video frames pass to the temporal modelling SR network to learn local region features by residual learning that connects the network intra-frame redundancies within video sequences. The proposed approach is designed and validated using VID4, SPMC, and UDM10 datasets. The experimental results show the proposed model presents an improvement of 0.43 dB (VID4), 0.78 dB (SPMC), and 0.84 dB (UDM10) in terms of PSNR. Further, the CDPN model set new standards for the performance of self-generated surveillance datasets.
KS-SDN-DDoS: A Kafka streams-based real-time DDoS attack classification approach for SDN environment
Authors: Kaur Amandeep , Rama Krishna C. , Patil Nilesh Vishwasrao
Published: April 2024

Software-Defined Networking (SDN) is a modern networking architecture that segregates control logic from data plane and supports a loosely coupled architecture. It provides flexibility in this advanced networking paradigm for any changes. Further, it controls the complete network in a centralized using controller(s). However, it comes with several security issues: Exhausting bandwidth and flow tables, Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks, etc. DDoS is a powerful attack for Internet-based applications and services, traditional and SDN paradigms. In the case of the SDN environment, attackers frequently target the central controller(s). This paper proposes a Kafka Streams-based real-time DDoS attacks classification approach for the SDN environment, named KS-SDN-DDoS. The KS-SDN-DDoS has been designed using highly scalable H2O ML techniques on the two-node Apache Hadoop Cluster (AHC). It consists of two modules: (i) Network Traffic Capture (NTCapture) and (ii) Attack Detection and Traffic Classification (ADTClassification). The NTCapture is deployed on the two nodes Apache Kafka Streams Cluster (AKSC-1). It captures incoming network traffic, extracts and formulates attributes, and publishes significant network traffic attributes on the Kafka topic. The ADTClassification is deployed on the two nodes Apache Kafka Streams Cluster (AKSC-2). It consumes network flows from the Kafka topic, classifies it based on the ten attributes, and publishes it to the decision Kafka topic. Further, it saves attributes with outcome to the Hadoop Distributed File System (HDFS). The KS-SDN-DDoS approach is designed and validated using the recent “DDoS Attack SDN dataset”. The result shows that the proposed system gives better classification accuracy (100%).
Low complex CNN for semiconductor wafer defect detection
Authors: Midula P. , Shine Linu , George Neetha
Published: April 2024

Fabrication of semiconductor wafers is a complex process and chances of defect wafers are high. Because of defective wafers the circuit patterns will not be created correctly and it is necessary to identify them. Manual identification of defects are time consuming and expensive. Deep learning methods are widely used for defect detection. In this paper we propose a simple Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) model for classification of nine defects in wafers. A custom CNN consisting of 9 layers is used for the classification of defects as Center, Donut, Edge-Loc, Edge-Ring, Loc, Random, Scratch, Near-full, and None. Performance of the model is evaluated using WM-811K dataset. Results shows that the model classifies the defects with high confidence score and an accuracy of 99.1% is achieved using this method. Further, the convolution operation in the CNN is realized using Coordinate Rotation Digital Computer (CORDIC) algorithm. The model is implemented in Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGA) and proved less complex method and consume less computational power than conventional methods.
Secured intelligent transportation with privacy retention through blockchain framework
Authors: Kaur Gaganpreet , Shobana M. , Kavin F. , Sellakumar S. , Meenakshi D. , Bharathiraja N.
Published: April 2024

The Secured Independent Intelligent Transport System (SIITS) is poised to revolutionize traditional transport management systems, leveraging autonomous vehicles (AVs) connected through an open-channel Internet to link Traffic Command Centers (TCCs), Road Side Units (RSUs), and AVs within the SIITS framework. However, this reliance on the Internet exposes users to various security risks, safety vulnerabilities, and other challenges that impede the progress of SIITS applications. In this method, ensuring robust security management and trustworthiness is paramount for the long-term adoption of this innovative trend. While previous efforts have focused on integrating security methods from multiple disciplines into a unified reference design, this article presents a reference architecture primarily centered around ITS safety. Additionally, the article introduces a proposed framework for enhancing ITS safety, addressing the confidence issues. To further address these challenges, the article offers categorization of goods, Big Data methods and services, and validates the utility of ITS business analytics for corporate applications through a groundbreaking multi-tier ITS security architecture.
RETRACTED: An effective ensemble classification framework for intrusion detection system using LSTM autoencoder
Authors: Ketepalli Gayatri , Bulla Premamayudu
Published: April 2024

This article has been retracted. A retraction notice can be found at https://doi.org/10.3233/JIFS-219433.
RETRACTED: Fuzzy control algorithm for analyzing the effects of vocal music on college students’ social and emotional learning
Authors: Yang Yeling
Published: April 2024

This article has been retracted. A retraction notice can be found at https://doi.org/10.3233/JIFS-219433.
Hybrid deep convolution network and differential evolution algorithm for solving non-permutation flow shop scheduling problem
Authors: Li Yibing , Jiang Shijin , Wang Lei
Published: April 2024

With explosive growth of industrial big data, workshop scheduling faces problems such as high complexity, multi-dimensionality and low stability. Recent years, the wide application of deep learning provides new idea for scheduling problem. In this paper, a hybrid deep convolution network and differential evolution algorithm is proposed to solve the non-permutation flow shop scheduling problem with the goal of minimizing total completion time. Mining relationship between job attributes and process priority by deep convolutional network is core idea of this method. In this paper, differential evolution algorithm is used to obtain the data set for deep learning, and neighborhood search algorithm is used to optimize scheduling solution. Additionally, a method combining k-means algorithm and data statistics is proposed, which provides a reasonable way for priority division. The experimental results show that this method can greatly improve scheduling efficiency.
A multi-season machine learning approach to examine the training load and injury relationship in professional soccer
Authors: Majumdar Aritra , Bakirov Rashid , Hodges Dan , McCullagh Sean , Rees Tim
Published: April 2024

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to use machine learning to examine the relationship between training load and soccer injury with a multi-season dataset from one English Premier League club. METHODS: Participants were 35 male professional soccer players (aged 25.79±3.75 years, range 18–37 years; height 1.80±0.07 m, range 1.63–1.95 m; weight 80.70±6.78 kg, range 66.03–93.70 kg), with data collected from the 2014–2015 season until the 2018–2019 season. A total of 106 training loads variables (40 GPS data, 6 personal information, 14 physical data, 4 psychological data and 14 ACWR, 14 MSWR and 14 EWMA data) were examined in relation to 133 non-contact injuries, with a high imbalance ratio of 0.013. RESULTS: XGBoost and Artificial Neural Network were implemented to train the machine learning models using four and a half seasons’ data, with the developed models subsequently tested on the following half season’s data. During the first four and a half seasons, there were 341 injuries; during the next half season there were 37 injuries. To interpret and visualize the output of each model and the contribution of each feature (i.e., training load) towards the model, we used the Shapley Additive Explanations (SHAP) approach. Of 37 injuries, XGBoost correctly predicted 26 injuries, with recall and precision of 73% and 10% respectively. Artificial Neural Network correctly predicted 28 injuries, with recall and precision of 77% and 13% respectively. In the model using Artificial Neural Network (the relatively more accurate model), last injury area and weight appeared to be the most important features contributing to the prediction of injury. CONCLUSIONS: This was the first study of its kind to use Artificial Neural Network and a multi-season dataset for injury prediction. Our results demonstrate the potential to predict injuries with high recall, thereby identifying most of the injury cases, albeit, due to high class imbalance, precision suffered. This approach to using machine learning provides potentially valuable insights for soccer organizations and practitioners when monitoring load injuries.
A dimensional design of tractor seat based on Iranian anthropometric characteristics
Authors: Feyzi Masoud , Navid Hossein , Castellucci Héctor Ignacio , Dianat Iman
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND: The dimensional seat design process should consider both the users’ tasks and their physical characteristics. OBJECTIVE: To use an approach for the design and evaluation of seat dimensions based on the anthropometric characteristics of the Iranian population and the requirements of tractor operators. METHODS: Some existing equations relating the seat dimensions to anthropometric characteristics were modified according to logical justifications and international standards. A new mathematical-statistical method was used to extract the equations estimating the constant seat dimensions based on the theoretical maximizing of the accommodation level. In addition, an Overall Seat Accommodation Score (OSAS) was developed to represent the mean of seat dimensions accommodation level and dimensional accommodation equality, simultaneously. RESULTS: The dimensional seat design can be affected under different conditions of adjustability, esthetic, and space limitations. However, it was shown that it is possible to improve the design of tractor seats without any significant increase in the final cost and complexity. CONCLUSION: A new approach was used for tractor seats for a sample of Iranian operators and can be used for the design and evaluation of tractor seats for other target populations.
Portuguese Pedagogue of the Escola Nova in the 1st Republic (1910-26), Military Dictatorship (1926-28) and New State (1928-1974): Joaquim Tomás (1873-1973)
Authors: Martins Ernesto Candeias Martins
Published: April 2024

Study of a historical-documentary and/or bibliographical nature around the pedagogical figure of Joaquim Tomás, using hermeneutic methodology in the analysis and interpretation of sources (primary, secondary), complemented with interviews with a relative of his, which allowed us to historically reconstruct the life path and primary school teacher/inspector, admirer of the ideals of the New School and innovative school experiences in Europe. The hermeneutic method, indebted to the text/language and mediator in the research and interpretation of documentary sources, made us contextualize this figure of pedagogue in the socio-historical and political time in which he lived. We were guided by the following objectives: analyzing the work and actions of J. Tomás in the historical period of his life; understand in light of the time (context), the author, documentary authenticity and reliability, the nature of the argumentative interpretation related to education/teaching and modern pedagogy; identify J. Tomás within the ideas of the Escola Nova movement; value this pedagogical figure for the History of Education. In this rescue of individual memory for the collective in the field of Education, we wanted to deepen J. Tomás' contributions to the History of Education in Portugal and, mainly, his didactic-pedagogical aspect of primary education.