bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impact of Coronavirus Disease 2019 on Dental Service Utilization of Korean Children and Adolescents
Authors: Kim Joo-Hee , Jung Hoi-In , Kim Ik-Hwan , Lee Jaeho , Kang Chung-Min
Published: May 2022

This study aimed to investigate the frequency of dental visits after coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in children and adolescents in comparison to that of adults. The data on the number of dental visits on the basis of different classification and treatment codes for all the age groups were provided by the Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service from January 2017 to December 2020. To reduce the impact of the population change, dental visits per 1000 people was used. After the start of the pandemic, dental visits per 1000 people decreased in all age groups when analyzed for the diseases of pulp and periapical tissues classification code and dental visits per 1000 people decreased over 5 years age groups when analyzed for the pulp treatment code. Regarding the restorative treatment code, visits in the 0 - 19 years age group decreased after the pandemic. Based on the comparison of the number of confirmed COVID-19 cases to that of monthly dental visits by treatment codes, the change rate of pulp and restorative treatments gradually decreased after the waves of the pandemic in February and August 2020 in Korea. Furthermore, dental visits per 1000 people for gingivitis and periodontal disease classification code increased after the pandemic in all age groups. The rate of decrease in dental visits per 1000 people for restorative treatments in children and adolescents was higher than that in adults. The rate of decrease in the number of dental visits for multi-visit pulp treatments showed a rapid decrease as compared to that of 1-visit pulp treatments after the pandemic. This study identified changes in the number of dental visits of children and adolescents after COVID-19 transmission in comparison to that observed in adults.
Dental and Skeletal Characteristics and Behavioral Aspects of the Patient with Floating-Harbor Syndrome Compared with Twin Sister
Authors: Lim Jonghwa , Kim Gimin , Lee Jaesik , Nam Soonhyeun , Kim Hyunjung
Published: May 2022

Floating-Harbor syndrome (FHS) is a rare genetic disorder. This report introduced in a patient with FHS. Distinctive facial characteristics, severe skeletal class 3 malocclusion with underdeveloped maxilla and protruded mandible, congenital missing teeth, microdontia and ectopic positions of maxillary teeth were presented in the patient. In his twin sister, mild skeletal class 3 malocclusion with protruded mandible was observed but congenital missing teeth and microdontia were not observed. High-arched palate, narrow V-shaped maxillary arch compared to wide and ovoid mandibular arch and inverse relationship between the maxillary and mandibular intermolar width resulted in posterior crossbite were confirmed by model analysis of the patient. These were not observed in the twins. Behaviorally, poor cooperation during dental treatment because of mental retardation was observed in the patient.
From Cato to Plato and Back Again: Friendship and Patronage in John Tzetzes' Letters and Chiliades
Authors: Lovato Valeria F.
Published: May 2022

In many passages of his works, John Tzetzes likens himself to different figures from the Greek and Roman past in order to emphasise relevant features of his authorial persona. This strategy has been the subject of recent studies, which underscore the self-advertising agenda underlying Tzetzes’ constant reference to – and identification with – Greek and Roman models. Drawing on and going beyond this strand of literature, this paper pursues two main goals. First, it aims to situate Tzetzes’ references to these figures from the past within the broader sociocultural dynamics informing his self-fashioning strategy. To this end, it will focus on passages of his works dealing with friendship and patronage, two social practices that were crucial to any Byzantine writer. Second, the paper seeks to show that Tzetzes uses these figures to reflect upon his condition as a commissioned writer, skilfully employing them to create an authorial narrative that both spells out and plays with the constraints and contradictions stemming from his professional status.
Lucan's Lost Gauls: The Interpolation at De Bello Civili 1.436-40
Authors: Andrée Alexander
Published: May 2022

This article discusses five spurious lines at Lucan 1.436-40. Reviewing the early printed tradition of De bello civili as well as examining the medieval manuscripts in which the lines are found, the study explores the extant evidence for the lines. In its search for the origin of the lines, the investigation comprises a discussion of the palaeography of the manuscripts, the poetic and contextual interpretation of the lines, and will venture a suggestion as to their date and presumptive author and the location where they were likely composed.
A Debate about Women in Iliad 20.251-55? The Evidence of Four Scholia
Authors: Mayhew Robert
Published: May 2022

In Iliad 20, Aeneas and Achilles trade insults, and at one point (251-55) Aeneas says that they are acting like women (ὥς τε γυναῖκας). Four Iliad-scholia provide evidence that the authenticity of this passage was disputed, and one of these scholia refers to a comment about women in Aristotle’s Historia animalium, in order to explain or defend these verses. This note highlights these scholia and this dispute, which have not received sufficient scholarly attention, while illustrating one of the uses ancient Ho- meric scholars made of the Historia animalium.
Disturbing Flowers: The Three-Dimentional Colours of Claud. Rapt. Pros. 2.90-132
Authors: Bersani Beatrice
Published: May 2022

Claudian’s colourful images have often been studied for their decorative func- tion and as examples of late-antique fragmentary style. More recent scholarship, instead, has proposed that colouring provides coherence to the text through its symbolic meanings. This article analyses the aesthetic and symbolic significance of colourful imagery by differentiating between the three main dimensions of colour: brightness, saturation and hue. The blossoming meadow of Claud. Rapt. Pros. 2.90-132 is an ideal case study: a focus on all three colour components highlights that the formal choices and the symbolic meanings are not opposite or separate, but parallel in their fragmentary coherence, and each important for the interpretation of the text. Both the visual effects and the metaphoric charge of Claudian’s colourful flowers undermine the idyllic atmosphere of the meadow and foreshadow Proserpina’s abduction.
Pilates og projektet ”Danish Wounded Warriors”
Authors: Hilkøb Natacha Maria , Ravn Susanne
Published: May 2022

Artiklen har til formål at beskrive de kropslige erfaringer forbundet med Pilates-træningen i projektet Danish Wounded Warriors, specielt hvad der er unikt ved at anvende denne træningsform i rehabiliteringssammenhænge. De kropslige erfaringer er dermed i fokus for analysen, som involverer fænomenologiske præciseringer, specielt i forhold til kropsskema og kropsbillede. Casen peger på, at deltagerne i projektet udvikler både deres kropslige opmærksomhed samt evnen til at anvende denne konstruktivt i andre sammenhænge. Det fremhæves, at anvendelsen af åndedrættet spiller en væsentlig rolle for, hvordan bevægelser såvel som opmærksomheden orkestreres og dirigeres mod at lade en indre fornemmelse af bevægelsen dirigere bevægelsesforløbet.
Virus i idrætsfaget?
Authors: Danielsen Anebine
Published: May 2022

En stadig tilbagevendende diskussion om idræt i grundskolen handler firkantet udtrykt om modsætningen mellem en aktivitetsbaseret hhv. læringsbaseret tilgang til undervisningen. Hele situationen omkring COVID-19 har på mange måder tydeliggjort, hvilke forskellige opfattelser der er af idrætsfaget – både set indefra med lærerøjne og set udefra. Er opgaven med at højne idrætsfagets status blevet ramt af en virus på linje med resten af samfundet?
Demokrati, magt og politik
Authors: Jacobsen Tobias Thune
Published: May 2022

Artiklen undersøger idrætsorganisationernes politiske indflydelse gennem forvaltningen, Folketinget og medierne under COVID-19. Analysen viser, hvordan DIF og DGI agerer i overensstemmelse med statens forventninger under COVID-19, og at DIF og DGI indtager en særlig privilegeret og institutionaliseret placering i den politiske og administrative beslutningsproces. Artiklen diskuterer COVID-19 krisens betydning for idrætsorganisationernes relation til staten og peger på et videnshul. Afslutningsvist konkluderes det, at DIF og DGI skal betragtes som aktive og dagsordensættende aktører i den politiske sfære, og at staten udøver sin magt i korporation med idrætsorganisationerne, som aktivt påvirker statens styringspraksis.
Hvilken indflydelse havde fysisk aktivitet i undervisningen under coronanedlukningen på elevernes trivsel og læring?
Authors: Østergaard Lars Domino , Fuglsang Emil Bunch , Hannibal Jonas Linschou , Rasmussen Simon Lund , Møller Sofie Kildahl
Published: May 2022

Nedlukningen af den fysiske undervisning i forbindelse med coronapandemien har haft konsekvenser både for elevernes fysiske sundhed og for deres læringsorienteret trivsel. De har været for lidt fysisk aktive, da transport og frikvarterer har været fraværende, så det var måske lige netop her, at skolerne skulle være gået aktivt ind og arbejdet med fysiske aktiviteter i undervisningen. Nærværende artikel undersøger, hvordan to skoler har arbejdet med fysiske aktiviteter i den virtuelle undervisning, og hvordan aktiviteterne, eller mangel på samme, har haft indflydelse på elevernes læringsorienteret trivsel. Artiklen slutter af med råd til evt. kommende omlægninger fra fysisk til virtuel undervisning.
Skandimentalitet
Authors: Sharma Devika
Published: May 2022

Looking to Swedish director Ruben Östlund’s 2017 movie The Square, this article describes the ways in which Scandinavian privilege sensibility makes itself known as a tense reflection on, or struggle over, the value of moral sentiments such as sympathy, compassion, solicitude, and pity. In contemporary Scandinavian culture, it has become an affective habit, I suggest, to be suspicious of the moral sentiments, which will therefore typically be regarded and experienced as morally embarrassing states of feeling. Thus, the moral sentiments are always in risk of becoming signs of something immoral in the feeling subject, whether an individual or a collective subject. Privilege sensibility indicates to us something important about the ways in which we respond to inequality and to our own position in unequal social fields of relation, and central to this sensibility is, I argue, a structure of feeling according to which noble emotions may turn ugly, while conventionally ugly feelings may, conversely, turn beneficial and legitimate. ”Scandimentality” will be my name for this structure of feeling and its aesthetic forms.
Omstillingsparadokset: Afvejning imellem fleksibilitet og koordinering i arbejdsstyrken
Authors: Jensen Jonathan David , Truelsen Elbæk Christian , Anand Rahul
Published: May 2022

Covid-19 har økonomiske indvirkninger på danske virksomheder. Ved hjælp af en spørgeskemaundersøgelse af 237 danske SMV’er fortaget under Covid- 19 kan vi præsentere foreløbig evidens for, at virksomheder, der anvendte flere freelancere, også var dem, som oplevede en højere grad af usikkerhed og koordineringsproblemer som følge af pandemien. Vi argumenterer for, at dette kan forklares med, at freelancere ikke kan drage nytte af tacit koordination i samme grad som faste medarbejdere. Tacit koordinationsmekanismer er dog ofte nyttige ifm. koordinering, når opgaveløsning er mere uklar. Således kan virksomheder, der bruger flere freelancere, opleve en højere grad af usikkerhed og koordineringsproblemer under driftsforstyrrelser, givet freelanceres behov for klart specificerede opgaver. Vi konkluderer og giver forslag til, hvordan virksomheder kan håndtere afvejningen mellem fleksibilitetsfordele ved brug af freelancere og fordelene ved robuste koordinationsmekanismer.
Hjemfaldne himmelstormere
Authors: Ballebye Sørensen Caroline
Published: May 2022

In recent years, theories of space, atmosphere and weather have gained a foothold in literary analysis. In this article, I interpret Johannes V. Jensen’s canonical work of fiction The Fall of the King (1900-1901) on the basis of the spatial surroundings that the novel creates and that revolve around the protagonist Mikkel Thøgersen. I thereby claim that not only space, but also atmosphere and weather evoke different epistemologies that conflict throughout the novel. Last but not least I position the phenomenology of weather in The Fall of the King to Jensen’s oeuvre to emphasize that Jensen was an exemplary weather maker in Danish literary history.
Angst som eksistentiale i Inger Christensens det
Authors: Floris Christensen Markus
Published: May 2022

This article offers a systematic reading of the representation of anxiety in Inger Christensen’s it (1969) by chronologically mapping the development of the theme across the work’s three main sections, Prologos, Logos and Epilogos. Moreover, this article posits a new approach to the material, arguing that, rather than Søren Kierkegaard’s theological-psychological framework, Martin Heidegger’s fundamental ontological concept of anxiety may positively shed light on Christensen’s thematization of anxiety in the work. It is one of the aims of the article to show that Heidegger’s concept of anxiety can advantageously expand the understanding of Christensen’s representation of anxiety, as Heidegger’s confrontation with metaphysics, his In-Frage-stellen of the forgetfulness of Being, seems particularly compatible with Christensen’s poetics of systemic modernism. I examine how anxiety manifests itself in the architecture of the work, and I argue that Heidegger’s fundamental ontological interpretation of the concept may highlight some central features of the representation of anxiety that Kierkegaard’s theory of anxiety does not seem to capture.
“... et tilsyneladende ubeslægtet spørgsmål”
Authors: Erik Larsen Svend
Published: May 2022

Anmeldelse af Europæisk litteratur 1500–1800 bind 1–4, redigeret af Helge Jordheim, Knut Ove Eliassen, Anne Fastrup, Christian Dahl og Tue Andersen Nexø. Aarhus Universitetsforlag, 2021, 260 + 263 + 299 + 277 sider.
Buddhistiske grupper 2010-2020
Authors: Borup Jørn
Published: May 2022

Buddhistiske grupper 2010-2020
Religion i Danmark på tværs af 40 års værdiundersøgelser
Authors: Christensen Henrik Reintoft
Published: May 2022

Religion i Danmark på tværs af 40 års værdiundersøgelser
Vi har lukket ned for alle aktiviteter
Authors: Larsen Tina Langholm , Mauritsen Anne Lundahl , Kühle Lene , Borup Jørn , Fibiger Marianne Qvortrup
Published: May 2022

Håndteringen af COVID-19-krisen i de anerkendte trossamfund
Religiøs forandring i en krisetid
Authors: Larsen Tina Langholm , Mauritsen Anne Lundahl , Sothilingam Simone Agner , Kühle Lene , Borup Jørn , Fibiger Marianne Qvortrup
Published: May 2022

Et case-studium af aarhusianske religionsgruppers håndtering af COVID-19-pandemien i efteråret 2020
Udbruddet af COVID-19 og udvikling af kristen praksis på Færøerne
Authors: Jensen Jan
Published: May 2022

Udbruddet af COVID-19 og udvikling af kristen praksis på Færøerne
Buddhismens håndtering af COVID-19 globalt
Authors: Borup Jørn
Published: May 2022

Buddhismens håndtering af COVID-19 globalt
Introduktion
Authors: Nielsen Marie , Schütze Laura Maria
Published: May 2022

Introduktion af Laura Maria Schütze og Marie Vejrup Nielsen
Religion på museer
Authors: Hansen Sanne Andersen
Published: May 2022

At studere religionsvidenskab kan bringe en vidt omkring. Man kan beskæftige sig med alt fra originaltekster på hebraisk, til moderne spirituelle grupper og videre omkring politiske lovforslag og trossamfund som folkekirken. Man kan eksempelvis tænke religion i en historisk, psykologisk eller etnografisk sammenhæng, og ofte står religion ikke alene, men det er noget, som i større grad studeres i et tværfagligt felt. Denne udvikling forsøgte jeg at belyse for en gruppe studerende med et undervisningsforløb ved religionsvidenskab på Aarhus Universitet i efteråret 2019.
Hvad betyder det egentligt at betegne sig selv som "troende"?
Authors: Ahlin Lars
Published: May 2022

Danmark har i de seneste 50-60 år været igennem dramatiske forandringer på en række samfundsområder inklusive det religiøse. Disse har påvirket alle, men på forskellige måder afhængig af hvornår den enkelte voksede op. I dag er det rimeligt i denne sammenhæng at tale om fire forskellige generationer, med hver deres særlige erfaringer. Disse fire generationers forskellige tendenser når det gælder det religiøse bliver her analyseret ud fra værdiundersøgelsen fra 2008.
Folkekirken i Tal 2011
Authors: Lüchau Peter
Published: May 2022

Folkekirken mister medlemmer men det sker langsommere, end de officielle tal kunne lede en til at tro. Medlemsfaldet har forbavsende nok ikke så meget med Folkekirken at gøre men er snarere styret af faktorer udenfor Folkekirkens kontrol. Der er store udsving i medlemstabet fra år til år hvilket gør det meget vanskeligt at forudsige Folkekirkens situation selv indenfor en begrænset tidsramme som fx 10 år. Siden 2007 har Danmarks Statistik hvert år publiceret en mere detaljeret folkekirkestatistik end tidligere, men for at forstå den må man bruge den eksisterende forskning til at komme bag tallene.
Om sikhisme
Authors: Ilkjær Helene
Published: May 2022

Sikherne er for mange associeret med billeder af en farvestrålende turban og et langt skæg. Denne artikel vil forsøge i korte træk at give noget baggrundsviden om sikherne i Danmark samt om religionen sikhisme, som ofte bliver betegnet som verdens femte største religion (målt på antal troende). Artiklen er baseret på flere års forskning om sikhisme og et længerevarende feltarbejde blandt sikherne i Danmark, særligt i deres gurdwara(sikh tempel) i Vanløse.
Folkekirken i Tal 2012 - Hvad Skjern siger om Folkekirkens fremtid
Authors: Nielsen Marie Vejrup
Published: May 2022

Når der skal skrives kirke og kristendomshistorie om perioden hvor 2012 indgår, så vil der utvivlsomt blive skrevet om indførelsen af det nye ritual til vielse af homoseksuelle, som dominerede debatten om Folkekirken i 2012 og i tilknytning hertil spørgsmålet om stigningen i udmeldelser af Folkekirken. Disse emner blev dog suppleret af diskussioner om lukning af kirker i København, lav kirkegang i visse områder, og også enkeltsager som blev taget op i medierne, såsom præsten der spiste en græshoppe og dermed blev baggrund for en kollegas opsigelse i protest. Denne artikel fokusere på emnet ”udmeldelser” og hvilke spørgsmål der rejser sig ud fra de mønstre i udmeldelser fra Folkekirken som vi så i 2012.
Religion i Danmark 2014
Authors: Nielsen Marie Vejrup
Published: May 2022

Kristendom i udkanten af Danmark
Kristendom under forandring - et øjebliksbillede af religion på Færøerne
Authors: Hansen Janna
Published: May 2022

Samtidsreligion på Færøerne er et emne og et felt, som der ikke forsket meget i, men som mange har en mening om. Blandt andet er det ikke ualmindeligt at læse og høre, at Færøerne er et konservativt og religiøst samfund, hvor religionen har en stor betydning inden for nærmest alle sfærer og på nærmest alle niveauer i samfundet. Denne artikel giver et indblik i religion på Færøerne.
Acceleration og mobilitet - To eksterne faktorer af betydning for religion
Authors: Christensen Henrik Reintoft
Published: May 2022

Religion og religiøs autoritet har altid været påvirket af mange forskellige faktorer, hvoraf nogle er endogene og andre eksogene. I dele af religionsforskningen har opfattelsen af hvad der påvirker religion og religiøs autoritet været genstand for meget opmærksomhed. Denne artikel ser nærmere på autoritetsbegrebet og relaterer det til to eksogene faktorer som sjældent inddrages i diskussionen om religion og religiøs autoritet, nemlig samfundets forandringshastighed og individernes fysiske mobilitet.
De unge muslimers blik på imamen
Authors: Larsen Nikoline Koldby Larsen
Published: May 2022

De seneste årtier har vi set en opblomstring af en ny generation af muslimer i Danmark, der ønsker at gøre tingene anderledes end deres forældre og bedsteforældre. Nye bestyrelser, underafdelinger og moskéer oprettes som led i processen for at skabe et nyt islam. De ungemuslimer ønsker at ændre strukturen og hierarkiet i moskéerne. Visionerne er klare: Man ønsker et integreret islam. En kobling mellem medborgerskab og religiøs pligt. Diskussionen om de nye generationer af muslimer har været i gang i årtier. Den nye forståelse af islam, som de nye generationer bringer med sig antages at involvere et opgør med imamernes autoritet. I et kvalitativt studie, som tager udgangspunkt i imamens rolle i to danske moskéer, blev det tydeligt, at imamernes autoritet er et mere vurderende og forskelligartet begreb end man skulle tro. De to moskéer er den sunnitisk moské Rødovre Masjid ogden shiitiske Imam Ali Moské, som er nyopført i Københavns Nordvest-kvarter.
”The Rise of the Nones” - Hvorfor flere amerikanere bliver sekulære og hvad det betyder for USA
Authors: Zuckerman Phil
Published: May 2022

De seneste meningsmålinger viser, at andelen af amerikanere, der erikke-religiøse er højere end nogensinde før. Denne artikel ser nærmere på denne hidtil usete vækst i ”ikke-religion” eller irreligiøsitet i USA over de seneste 25 år, forklarer de forskellige årsager og diskuterer hvilken effekt denne stigning vil få på det amerikanske samfund i dekommende årtier.
"Før krigen har der aldrig været noget som helst i vejen med mig"
Authors: Nissen Kasper
Published: May 2022

Denne artikel belyser en af Genforeningens skyggesider: modtagelsen af de mange sønderjyder, der havde pådraget sig svære psykiske lidelser som tyske soldater under 1. Verdenskrig, og som fra 1920 gjorde krigens traumatiserende effekt til et dansk problem. Formålet er at skabe indsigt i, hvordan psykiske krigsskader blev forsøgt forklaret og imødegået i en tid før psykologhjælp og betegnelser som PTSD, samt hvordan livet formede sig for en del af de overlevende sønderjyske krigsdeltagere.
Foreign experience of taxation of financial investments of individuals
Authors: Gileva Alena Romanovna
Published: May 2022

The subject of research is foreign experience of taxation of financial assets of individuals. Annually investment activity of individuals gains momentum. That is why tax legislation should be adaptable and effective. With the as high as possible tax revenue individual taxation should not prevent the investment activity of individuals. For that government should create comfortable conditions for investment activity of individuals. In this work were reviewed the basic principles of calculation and payment of personal taxes in foreign countries. The methodology of the research includes analysis, synthesis, deduction and modeling. Reviewed the main advantages of foreign personal income taxation of investment activity, there was achieved the main goal – analysis of tax aspects which are potentially could be used in Russian tax legislation. Among the most effective ways of improvement of personal taxation of investment activity are expansion of criteria of tax residency, implementation of preferential tax rates for investments and establishment of capital gains taxation. Earlier the issue of foreign experience of personal income taxation was raised in articles of such authors as U.V. Malkova, K.I. Gizzatullina, A.G. Garifullina, E.T. Anisimova. Furthermore, the uniqueness of this article consists of detailed analysis of personal income taxation of financial investments of individuals.
The Dialogical Concept of Meaning in H.-G. Gadamer's "Truth and Method" and its significance for Literary Hermeneutics
Authors: Podkovyrin Yurii Vladimirovich
Published: May 2022

The subject of the study in the article is the concept of meaning presented in one of the main philosophical works of the twentieth century – the book of the German philosopher H.-G. Gadamer "Truth and Method". Gadamer's concept of meaning is considered among those theories of meaning that can be defined as dialogical. In the humanitarian thought of the twentieth century, they oppose both objectivist (first of all, scientific) and subjectivist concepts of meaning. The dialogical concept of the meaning of Gadamer is considered in this work from the perspective of its significance for literary hermeneutics, namely, for comprehending the specifics of the meaning of a literary work. The scientific novelty of the work is determined by the fact that for the first time the author analyzes the characteristics of meaning presented implicitly in Gadamer's "Truth and Method", and also identifies those ideas of Gadamer that are of direct importance for clarifying the specifics of the meaning of a literary work. In the concept of the meaning of Gadamer, we distinguish the following main points: the meaning is intentional; the meaning is always correlated with several intentions; the meaning is eventful; self-identity is inherent in the meaning. For literary hermeneutics, such ideas of Gadamer are of particular importance: 1) the meaning in a work of art is freed from the "obscuring" moments of the semantic future; 2) the "game" is opposed to the "structure"; 3) in a work of art there is an "increase in the visibility" of being.
Effects of Gamma Irradiation on Free Radical Components, Phenolic Content and Antioxidant Activity of Beebread
Authors: Mladenova Ralitsa , Aleksieva Katerina , Solakov Nikolay , Loginovska Kamelia
Published: May 2022

Antiradical activity and free radicals before and after gamma-treatment of beebread were investigated by Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) spectroscopy. A narrow signal the intensity of which increased with the dose was assigned to O-centred free radicals induced by gamma rays. They are stable for 120 days after irradiation. The irradiation effect on antioxidant potential and content of phenolic compounds were studied. It was found that total phenolic and flavonoid content values increased after beebread irradiation depending on the dose. The antiradical activity of extracts was assessed by the DPPH free radical scavenging activity. The EPR study showed that it increased after irradiation with 5 kGy (27%) and 20 kGy (19%), while the slight decreasing (6%) was observed after irradiation at 10 kGy.
City of Bits
Authors: Mitchell William J.
Published: May 2022

Entertaining, concise, and relentlessly probing, City of Bits is a comprehensive introduction to a new type of city, an increasingly important system of virtual spaces interconnected by the information superhighway. William Mitchell makes extensive use of practical examples and illustrations in a technically well-grounded yet accessible examination of architecture and urbanism in the context of the digital telecommunications revolution, the ongoing miniaturization of electronics, the commodification of bits, and the growing domination of software over materialized form.
Street-Fighting Mathematics
Authors: Mahajan Sanjoy
Published: May 2022

An antidote to mathematical rigor mortis, teaching how to guess answers without needing a proof or an exact calculation.

In problem solving, as in street fighting, rules are for fools: do whatever works—don't just stand there! Yet we often fear an unjustified leap even though it may land us on a correct result. Traditional mathematics teaching is largely about solving exactly stated problems exactly, yet life often hands us partly defined problems needing only moderately accurate solutions. This engaging book is an antidote to the rigor mortis brought on by too much mathematical rigor, teaching us how to guess answers without needing a proof or an exact calculation.

In Street-Fighting Mathematics, Sanjoy Mahajan builds, sharpens, and demonstrates tools for educated guessing and down-and-dirty, opportunistic problem solving across diverse fields of knowledge—from mathematics to management. Mahajan describes six tools: dimensional analysis, easy cases, lumping, picture proofs, successive approximation, and reasoning by analogy. Illustrating each tool with numerous examples, he carefully separates the tool—the general principle—from the particular application so that the reader can most easily grasp the tool itself to use on problems of particular interest. Street-Fighting Mathematics grew out of a short course taught by the author at MIT for students ranging from first-year undergraduates to graduate students ready for careers in physics, mathematics, management, electrical engineering, computer science, and biology. They benefited from an approach that avoided rigor and taught them how to use mathematics to solve real problems.

Street-Fighting Mathematics will appear in print and online under a Creative Commons Noncommercial Share Alike license.
Determinants of trafficking, conduction, and disease within a K+ channel revealed through multiparametric deep mutational scanning
Authors: Coyote-Maestas Willow , Nedrud David , He Yungui , Schmidt Daniel
Published: May 2022

A long-standing goal in protein science and clinical genetics is to develop quantitative models of sequence, structure, and function relationships to understand how mutations cause disease. Deep mutational scanning (DMS) is a promising strategy to map how amino acids contribute to protein structure and function and to advance clinical variant interpretation. Here, we introduce 7429 single-residue missense mutations into the inward rectifier K+ channel Kir2.1 and determine how this affects folding, assembly, and trafficking, as well as regulation by allosteric ligands and ion conduction. Our data provide high-resolution information on a cotranslationally folded biogenic unit, trafficking and quality control signals, and segregated roles of different structural elements in fold stability and function. We show that Kir2.1 surface trafficking mutants are underrepresented in variant effect databases, which has implications for clinical practice. By comparing fitness scores with expert-reviewed variant effects, we can predict the pathogenicity of ‘variants of unknown significance’ and disease mechanisms of known pathogenic mutations. Our study in Kir2.1 provides a blueprint for how multiparametric DMS can help us understand the mechanistic basis of genetic disorders and the structure–function relationships of proteins.
Privacy-preserving k-NN interpolation over two encrypted databases
Authors: Osmanoglu Murat , Demir Salih , Tugrul Bulent
Published: May 2022

Cloud computing enables users to outsource their databases and the computing functionalities to a cloud service provider to avoid the cost of maintaining a private storage and computational requirements. It also provides universal access to data, applications, and services without location dependency. While cloud computing provides many benefits, it possesses a number of security and privacy concerns. Outsourcing data to a cloud service provider in encrypted form may help to overcome these concerns. However, dealing with the encrypted data makes it difficult for the cloud service providers to perform some operations over the data that will especially be required in query processing tasks. Among the techniques employed in query processing task, the k-nearest neighbor method draws attention due to its simplicity and efficiency, particularly on massive data sets. A number of k-nearest neighbor algorithms for query processing task on a single encrypted database have been proposed. However, the performance of k-nearest neighbor algorithms on a single database may create accuracy and reliability problems. It is a fact that collaboration among different cloud service providers yields more accurate and more reliable results in query processing. By considering this fact, we focus on the k-nearest neighbor (k-NN) problem over two encrypted databases. We introduce a secure two-party k-NN interpolation protocol that enables a query owner to extract the interpolation of the k-nearest neighbors of a query point from two different databases outsourced to two different cloud service providers. We also show that our protocol protects the confidentiality of the data and the query point, and hides data access patterns. Furthermore, we conducted a number of experiment to demonstrate the efficiency of our protocol. The results show that the running time of our protocol is linearly dependent on both the number of nearest neighbours and data size.
High gene flow in the silverlip pearl oyster Pinctada maxima between inshore and offshore sites near Eighty Mile Beach in Western Australia
Authors: Thomas Luke , Miller Karen J.
Published: May 2022

An understanding of stock recruitment dynamics in fisheries is fundamental to successful management. Pinctada maxima is a bivalve mollusc widely distributed throughout the Indo-Pacific and is the main species targeted for cultured pearl and pearl shell production in Australia. Pearl production in Australia relies heavily on wild-caught individuals, the majority of which come from the Eighty Mile Beach region near Broome in Western Australia. In this study, we used a genotyping by sequencing approach to explore fine-scale patterns of genetic connectivity among inshore shallow and offshore deep populations of P. maxima near Eighty Mile Beach. Our results revealed high-levels of gene flow among inshore and offshore sites and no differences in genetic diversity between depths. Global estimates of genetic differentiation were low (FST = 0.006) but significantly different from zero, and pairwise estimates of genetic differentiation among sites were significant in only 3% of comparisons. Moreover, Bayesian clustering detected no separation of inshore and offshore sample sites, and instead showed all samples to be admixed among sites, locations and depths. Despite an absence of any clear spatial clustering among sites, we identified a significant pattern of isolation by distance. In a dynamic environment like Eighty Mile Beach, genetic structure can change from year-to-year and successive dispersal and recruitment events over generations likely act to homogenize the population. Although we cannot rule out the null hypothesis of panmixia, our data indicate high levels of dispersal and connectivity among inshore and offshore fishing grounds.
Spain is not different: teaching quantitative courses can also be hazardous to one’s career (at least in undergraduate courses)
Authors: Arroyo-Barrigüete Jose Luis , Obregón Antonio , Ortiz-Lozano José María , Rua-Vieites Antonio
Published: May 2022

Student evaluations of teaching (SETs) have become a widely used tool for assessing teaching in higher education. However, numerous investigations have shown that SETs are subject to multiple biases, one of which is particularly relevant, namely, the area of knowledge to which the subject belongs. This article aims to replicate the article by Uttl & Smibert (2017, https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.3299) in a different educational context to verify whether the negative bias toward instructors who teach quantitative courses found by the authors in the US also appears in the Spanish university system. The study was conducted at the Business and Law School of the Universidad Pontificia Comillas, a private Spanish university, using two different samples. First, we analyzed undergraduate courses using a sample of 80,667 SETs in which 2,885 classes (defined as a single semester-long course taught by an individual instructor to a specific group of students), 488 instructors, and 322 different courses were evaluated over a time period of four academic years (2016/2017–2019/2020). Second, in the same period, 16,083 SETs corresponding to master’s degree courses were analyzed, which involved the study of 871 classes, 275 instructors, and 155 different courses. All the data included in the analysis were obtained from official university surveys developed by a team of professionals specialized in teaching quality responsible for ensuring the reliability of the information. At the degree level, the results show that despite the considerable cultural and temporal difference between the samples, the results are very similar to those obtained by Uttl & Smibert (2017, https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.3299); i.e., professors teaching quantitative courses are far more likely to obtain worse SETs than instructors in other areas. There are hardly any differences at the master’s degree level, regardless of whether nearly 75% of master’s degree instructors also teach at the undergraduate level. This leads us to three different conclusions. (1) Evidence suggests that the reason for these differences is not due to faculty teaching quantitative courses being less effective than faculty teaching in some other fields. Our results indicate that the same instructor is evaluated very differently depending on whether he or she teaches at the undergraduate or master’s level. (2) It is essential to avoid comparisons of SETs between different areas of knowledge, at least at the undergraduate level. (3) A significant change in the use and interpretation of SETs is imperative, or its replacement by other evaluation mechanisms should be considered. If this does not occur, it is possible that in the future, there will be an adverse selection effect among professors of quantitative methods; i.e., only the worst professionals in quantitative methods will opt for teaching since the good professionals will prefer other jobs.
A comparative metabolomics study of anthocyanins and taste components in Chinese bayberry (Morella rubra) with different flesh colors
Authors: Lin Qihua , Zhong Qiuzhen , Zhang Zehuang
Published: May 2022

The Chinese bayberry (Morella rubra Sieb. et Zucc.) is grown commercially in China and other Asian countries for its flavorful and appealing fruit. Here, two bayberry varieties differing in both color and flavor, namely, BDK (‘Baidongkui’) and DK (‘Dongkui’), in China were compared. A total of 18 anthocyanins, three proanthocyanidins, and 229 primary metabolites were identified in the pulp of the two varieties; these were analyzed and compared using ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The DK pulp showed higher concentrations of all 18 anthocyanins compared with BDK, apart from peonidin-3,5-O-diglucoside which was not detected in BDK and which was responsible for the formation of pink pulp in BDK. Principal component analysis and cluster analysis of the primary metabolites indicated that the two bayberry varieties had distinct metabolite profiles with approximately 37% (85/229) of the primary metabolome being significantly different. Of these, 62 metabolites were down-regulated and 23 metabolites were up-regulated in BDK relative to DK. Our results suggested that the flavor of the BDK fruit was different from DK, which could be explained by the reduced saccharide, organic acid, amino acid, and proanthocyanidin contents. These findings enhance our understanding of the metabolites responsible for color and taste differences in the Chinese bayberry.
La política de la reforma policial en Uruguay 2010-2020
Authors: Milanesi Alejandro
Published: May 2022

Una preocupación de los estudios de administración pública ha sido comprender qué factores desencadenan y explican procesos de reforma. Este artículo se enfoca en analizar los mecanismos detrás de la aplicación de una reforma del aparato policial en Uruguay. Este caso presenta dos aspectos relevantes para la teoría y el análisis empírico. En primer lugar, se trata de un caso con elementos contraintuitivos. Una organización con un esquema de funcionamiento fuertemente tradicional y una cultura administrativa jerárquica, que, sin embargo, procesó una serie importante de reformas de mejora del desempeño. En segundo lugar, la investigación intenta comprender “la política de las reformas administrativas” a partir del análisis de la relación entre factores estructurales y de agencia que dan lugar a un determinado resultado político. Para ello se utiliza el marco metodológico del procesamiento y su adaptación en tres niveles de análisis de mecanismos causales .
Contexto y diferencias de la experiencia sudafricana de derechos sociales para el proceso constitucional chileno
Authors: León Arzich Luis Antonio , Torrejón Correa Andrés Ignacio , León Arzich Antonella Gema
Published: May 2022

Este artículo busca presentar a una audiencia local cómo funciona la adjudicación de derechos sociales y económicos en la Constitución sudafricana y qué lecciones podrían aplicarse al redactar la nueva Constitución chilena. Identificamos y reseñamos los dos principales factores subyacentes de todo su sistema: La diferencia notable entre las autoridades públicas en la implementación de políticas que operacionalizan estos derechos y la llamada prueba de razonabilidad. Dadas las diferencias en la cultura legal, el sistema político y las expectativas que la gente tiene de la nueva constitución, sería difícil copiar estas instituciones y trasplantarlas a Chile.
La cláusula cultural en el derecho a la educación
Authors: Antonino de la Cámara Mar
Published: May 2022

La educación es un elemento imprescindible en el libre desarrollo de la personalidad del Estado de cultura. Sin embargo, aunque se han dedicado muchos trabajos al estudio del derecho a la educación en la Constitución española, pocos lo han hecho desde esta perspectiva. En el artículo aplicó este enfoque para analizar la relación entre los distintos tipos de pluralismo que se dan en la educación y el deber de neutralidad del Estado. Para ello, identificará los tipos de pluralismo, expondré los conflictos constitucionales más relevantes para cada tipo e identificará el rol que juega la dimensión cultural o cláusula de cultura en la concreción del deber de neutralidad por parte del Estado.
Application of the Mahalanobis-Taguchi System in Renal Profile of the Methadone Flexi Dispensing Program
Authors: Mat Saad Siti Khadijah , Mohd Zaini Sri Nur Areena , Abu Mohd Yazid
Published: May 2022

Patients under the methadone Flexi dispensing (MFlex) program are required to do blood tests like renal profile. To ensure the patient has a kidney failure, a doctor assesses one parameter like creatinine. Unfortunately, the existing system does not have a stable ecosystem towards classification and optimization due to inaccurate measurement methods and lack of justification of significant parameters, which will influence the accuracy of diagnosis. The objective is to apply the Mahalanobis-Taguchi system (MTS) in the MFlex program. The data is collected at Bandar Pekan clinic with 34 parameters. Two types of MTS methods are used, such as RT-Method and T-Method, for classification and optimization. As a result, the RT-Method can classify healthy and unhealthy samples, while the T-Method can evaluate the significant parameters in terms of the degree of contribution. Fifteen unknown samples have been diagnosed with different positive and negative degrees of contribution to achieving lower MD. The best-proposed solution is type 5 of 6 modifications because it shows the highest MD value than others. In conclusion, a pharmacist from Bandar Pekan clinic confirmed that MTS could solve a problem in the classification and optimization of the MFlex program.
Goal Programming Model for Joint Decision Making of Order Allocation, Supplier Selection, and Carrier Selection Considering Corporate Social Responsibility
Authors: Rosyidi Cucuk Nur , Khasanah Alfia Makrifatul , Laksono Pringgo Widyo
Published: May 2022

Every company aims to maximize its profit to survive and maintain business growth. However, it has to allocate some of the profit to the community development in the form of corporate social responsibility. Along with the importance of the development of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), many companies consider the social effects of their supply chain activities. In this paper, we address a problem determining the optimal order allocation, carrier selection, and the amount of CSR in a single product, multi-suppliers, and multiple periods environment. A goal programming model was developed to solve the problem by considering all-unit quantity discounts, the lateness of deliveries, and rejections. LINGO 18.0 was used to solve the model. The results of optimization show that all the goals are achieved. Based on the sensitivity analysis results, the proposed model is relatively insensitive to the goals of the profit and social value unless at the increases of 24% of both goals. For the goals of defect items and late delivery items, both goals affect the objective function when each goal is decreased. Hence, the decision-maker has to be careful in setting the goals.
Green Supply Chain Performance Measurement using Green SCOR Model in Agriculture Industry: A Case Study
Authors: Arjuna Arjuna , Santoso Santoso , Heryanto Rainisa Maini
Published: May 2022

The agriculture industry has proliferated in the last decades, increasing the envi­ron­mental footprint. Several development concepts include integrating the ecological aspect into the supply chain to reduce environmental degradation. In implementing the idea, companies in the agriculture industry need to evaluate their performance in the environmental area. This measure­ment uses the Green Supply Chain Operations Reference (GSCOR) Model that provides its entire supply chain aspect. This study demonstrates that the enable parameter criterion, which shows the magnitude of employee management toward environmental requirements, significantly impacts supply chain performance. Other criteria are also critical, such as a plan that considers every entity's usage and a source that considers the supply of the entities. The performance measurement produces a 6.357 value in the yellow color category with an average condition in the company. It produces three key performance indicators (KPI), such as water usage, percentage hazardous materials in inventory, and percentage hazardous waste, with a red classification that should be improved.
Improving Online Learning through the Use of Learning Management System Platform: A Technology Acceptance Model-Technology Readiness Index Combination Model Approach
Authors: Mufidah Ilma , Husaini Luthfi Romiz , Caesaron Dino
Published: May 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic push the learning revolution. The previous onsite learning is suddenly change to online learning. Current technological developments support the online learning application through the use of Learning Management System Platform. However, some problems are found during the application of online learning. Thus, this research aims to improve online learning through the use of Learning Management System Platform. The Technology Acceptance Model and the Technology Readiness Index model were combined to identify the critical factors influencing the intention to use Learning Management System. Fourteen hypotheses were proposed and tested using the Structural Equation Modelling method run in Partial Least Square software. The results indicated that eight hypotheses were accepted. The accepted hypothesis represents the criticality to consider innovativeness, job relevance, perceived enjoyment, perceived security and subjective norm in the Learning Management System usage during online learning during the COVID-19 Pandemic