bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Abordagem Lean na cadeia agroalimentar: uma revisão bibliográfica sistemática
Authors: Cuer Laiane , Bernardo Cristiane , Scalco Andrea
Published: September 2019

O agronegócio tem papel de destaque na economia brasileira. Seu desempenho envolve o deslocamento de matérias-primas e produtos acabados até o consumidor final, o que é realizado por meio dos canais de suprimentos. Ao longo da cadeia de suprimentos (supply chain) podem ocorrer desperdícios. No meio industrial o lean é muito utilizado para a minimização dessa problemática. Desta maneira diversas cadeias agroalimentares têm buscado técnicas adotadas na manufatura para solucionar e gerenciar seus processos, como o lean. Esta pesquisa busca, em linhas gerais, identificar por meio de uma revisão bibliográfica sistemática (RBS) nas principais bases de periódicos científicos os artigos desenvolvidos que tem como foco a aplicação da metodologia do Lean Production em cadeias agroalimentares, a fim de analisar a amplitude dos trabalhos em termos ferramentais gerenciais para sua aplicação e as contribuições desses estudos. Observou-se que as ferramentas mais utilizadas nas publicações levantadas referentes à aplicação do lean na cadeia agroalimentar foram a Value Stream Mapping (VSM), a Quality Function Deployment (QFD) e a Food Value Chain Analysis (FVCA). Com maior número de aplicação do lean em cadeia de suprimentos do segmento de carne vermelha. Os artigos selecionados da RBS também observam a necessidade da integração de implantação do lean em todos os elos da cadeia para melhor eficácia. A maioria dos estudos das aplicações do lean ocorreram no Reino Unido após um incentivo do governo. Não foram encontrados estudos de implantação do lean nos segmentos agroalimentares cuja a aplicação fosse no Brasil.
Conceitos da gestão de mudanças organizacionais aplicados à efetividade do gerenciamento de projetos: um estudo com gerentes seniores
Authors: Almeida Holdai Ribeiro , Ramos Filho Américo Da Costa
Published: September 2019

Nos últimos anos, alguns autores se dedicaram a pesquisar sobre a necessidade de aplicar conceitos da Gestão de Mudanças (GM) ao Gerenciamento de Projetos (GP) afim de desenvolver melhores formas de lidar com questões humanas, gerando maior efetividade nas entregas do empreendimento. Visando contribuir com estas pesquisas, o presente estudo investigou como gerentes de projetos seniores aplicam conceitos da GM para este fim. Os dados obtidos a partir de entrevistas semiestruturadas foram analisados através de uma abordagem indutiva e, em seguida, de acordo com uma abordagem por correspondência, foram comparados a base teórica construída no próprio estudo, gerando um sentido mais amplo para as respostas obtidas. Os resultados reforçaram o entendimento de que a influência dos stakeholders determina o sucesso ou o fracasso de um projeto, porém, o fator humano ainda recebe pouca atenção, comparando-se ao esforço dedicado a outras áreas de conhecimento em gerenciamento de projetos. Também, de acordo com os resultados, a aplicação dos conceitos de GM no GP permite o desenvolvimento de habilidades e técnicas para identificar e analisar stakeholders, motivar e engajar as equipes de projeto, construir coalizões administrativas, enfim, desenvolver competências necessárias para lidar com pessoas durante o ciclo de vida do projeto.
Fundamentos em Gestão de Projetos: uma obra essencial para profissionais e estudantes
Authors: Maximiano Antonio Cesar Amaru
Published: September 2019

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Editor's Corner
Authors: Sare Laura
Published: September 2019

Howdy everyone! It has now been one year since I became editor of DttP, and I have had a lot of help. I want to give a big thank you to everyone submitting manuscripts, including all the LIS professors nominating student papers. Also thanks to everyone on the GODORT Publications Committee for their support and suggestions.
From the Chair
Authors: Pritchett Hallie
Published: September 2019

To my surprise, my year as GODORT chair is over. Equally surprising: it has been just over a year since I left the University of Georgia to move into library administration at North Dakota State University. While I was in fact job hunting when I agreed to run for chair in 2017, at the time it did not occur to me that there was a good possibility that these two challenging situations would not only overlap but happen simultaneously. Over this past year, I told many people that had I known that would be the case, I never would have run for GODORT chair. In retrospect, I am not so sure that is true. Job hunting is at best a crapshoot; with so many variables and uncertainties, you rarely know how things will go until you get a job offer. I had interviews for jobs I thought would be too much of a stretch given my experience and heard nothing from places I assumed would at least give me a phone interview. My favorite rejection letter was a terse, two sentence email with the subject line “Not Selected” that came months after the position in question was filled. Talk about breaking it to you gently! Although I was getting enough interviews to think I would find a new job at some point, at the time I had no idea when that would be; for all I knew, I would still be at UGA when I started my term as GODORT chair. Ultimately, I decided that being in the middle of a job search was no reason not to run, and so I did; the rest is history.
STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS OF A NEW TOTAL ANKLE REPLACEMENT PROSTHESIS WITH INTERNAL STRUCTURE
Authors: CORRO HUMBERTO , VIDAL LESSO AGUSTIN , LEDESMA OROZCO ELIAS RIGOBERTO , PALACIOS PINEDA LUIS MANUEL
Published: September 2019

A new prosthesis design for total ankle arthroplasty, with an internal damping structure for the sacrifice component is proposed and analyzed considering experimental data for the material model.
Engineering parameters for prosthesis designs are proposed and discussed and physiological load conditions for ankle joint are applied for numerical simulation.
Performance of total displacement, strain, safety factors and equivalent stress of structured prosthesis are compared versus a common solid model and literature findings for market-available prosthesis.
Results showed that the proposed design can be deformed up to 52.85% compared to the solid model and operated safely on simulated cases. Prosthesis deformation generates a damped load transmission rather than a rigid one, closer to the natural ankle joint behavior.

Keywords: ankle joint prosthesis; finite element analysis; computer aided design; orthopedics
Régime de gouvernance et croissance locale en Chine. Leadership et élites managériales dans le cas du développement high-tech
Authors: Gaudin1 Jean-Pierre
Published: September 2019

L’article analyse les formes de pilotage local d’une « zone de développement high-tech » créée par l’État chinois il y a une quinzaine d’années dans la ville de Zhuhai, située au sud de la Chine près de Macao. L’article interroge les modalités locales d’une coalition de croissance qui s’est progressivement constituée dans ce cas autour du high-tech : règles partagées, réseau d’acteurs à la fois publics et privés en interaction forte, intégration en fonction d’un leadership local plutôt souple au regard des conditions chinoises habituelles. Est-il pour autant possible dans ce cas de parler d’un « régime partiel (ou local) de gouvernance », au sens de la littérature scientifique correspondante ?
¿Una Realidad Virtual feliz? Del laboratorio a la popularidad privativa
Authors: Ferrer Rosera Jaume
Published: September 2019

Actualmente vivimos una eclosión de sistemas de visión y de detección de Realidad Virtual y de Realidad Aumentada. Parece que tarde o temprano llegaran a nuestros hogares. Tras ellos encontramos compañías que juegan un papel clave en los flujos de información de la red. ¿Siempre fue así? ¿Qué es lo real y lo virtual? ¿Nos aguarda un futuro feliz?
Niches and climate-change refugia in hundreds of species from one of the most arid places on Earth
Authors: Duarte Milen , Guerrero Pablo C. , Arroyo Mary T.K. , Bustamante Ramiro O.
Published: September 2019

Background and Aims

Global climate change is a major threat to biodiversity worldwide. Several arid areas might expand in the future, but it is not clear if this change would be positive or negative for arid-adapted lineages. Here, we explore whether climatic niche properties are involved in the configuration of climate refugia and thus in future species trends.

Methods

To estimate putative climate refugia and potential expansion areas, we used maximum entropy models and four climate-change models to generate current and future potential distributions of 142 plant species endemic to the Atacama and mediterranean Chilean ecosystems. We assessed the relationship between the similarity and breadth of thermal and precipitation niches with the size of climate refugia and areas of potential expansions.

Key Results

We found a positive relationship between breadth and similarity for thermal niche with the size of climate refugia, but only niche similarity of the thermal niche was positively related with the size of expansion areas. Although all lineages would reduce their distributions in the future, few species are predicted to be at risk of extinction in their current distribution, and all of them presented potential expansion areas.

Conclusion

Species with a broad niche and niche dissimilarity will have larger refugia, and species with niche dissimilarity will have larger expansion areas. In addition, our prediction for arid lineages shows that these species will be moderately affected by climate change.
Rhopalocnemis phalloides has one of the most reduced and mutated plastid genomes known
Authors: Schelkunov Mikhail I. , Nuraliev Maxim S. , Logacheva Maria D.
Published: September 2019

Although most plant species are photosynthetic, several hundred species have lost the ability to photosynthesize and instead obtain nutrients via various types of heterotrophic feeding. Their plastid genomes markedly differ from the plastid genomes of photosynthetic plants. In this work, we describe the sequenced plastid genome of the heterotrophic plant Rhopalocnemis phalloides, which belongs to the family Balanophoraceae and feeds by parasitizing other plants. The genome is highly reduced (18,622 base pairs vs. approximately 150 kbp in autotrophic plants) and possesses an extraordinarily high AT content, 86.8%, which is inferior only to AT contents of plastid genomes of Balanophora, a genus from the same family. The gene content of this genome is quite typical of heterotrophic plants, with all of the genes related to photosynthesis having been lost. The remaining genes are notably distorted by a high mutation rate and the aforementioned AT content. The high AT content has led to sequence convergence between some of the remaining genes and their homologs from AT-rich plastid genomes of protists. Overall, the plastid genome of R. phalloides is one of the most unusual plastid genomes known.
Genome-wide identification of growth-regulating factors in moso bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis): in silico and experimental analyses
Authors: Shi Yanan , Liu Huanlong , Gao Yameng , Wang Yujiao , Wu Min , Xiang Yan
Published: September 2019

Growth-regulating factor (GRF), a small plant-specific transcription factor (TF) family, is extensively involved in the regulation of growth and developmental processes. However, the GRF family has not been comprehensively studied in moso bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis), a typical non-timber forest member. Here, 18 GRF genes were identified and characterized from the moso bamboo genome, and they clustered into three subfamilies (A, B and C). PeGRF genes were analyzed to determine their gene structures, conserved motifs and promoter. The non-synonymous/synonymous substitution ratios of paralogous and orthologous were less than 1, indicating that the GRF family mainly experienced purifying selection during evolution. According to the analysis of tissue-specific expression patterns, the participation of moso bamboo GRFs might be required during the formation and development of these five tissues. Moreover, PeGRF proteins might be involved in the regulation of plant development in biological processes. The qRT-PCR analysis demonstrated that PeGRF genes played essential roles in combating hormonal stresses and they might be involved in hormone regulation. PeGRF11, a nuclear localized protein as assessed by a subcellular localization assay, could interact with PeGIF3 in yeast and in planta according to yeast two-hybridization and bimolecular fluorescence complementation assays (BiFC) assays. But PeGRF11, as a TF, had no transcriptional activity in yeast. These results provide useful information for future functional research on the GRF genes in moso bamboo.
Mental practice in isolation improves cervical joint position sense in patients with chronic neck pain: a randomized single-blind placebo trial
Authors: Cuenca-Martínez Ferran , La Touche Roy , León-Hernández Jose Vicente , Suso-Martí Luis
Published: September 2019

Objective

The main objective of this trial was to assess whether action observation (AO) training and motor imagery (MI) produced changes in the cervical joint position sense (CJPS) both at the end of the intervention and 10 min postintervention compared with a placebo intervention in patients with nonspecific chronic neck pain (NSCNP).

Methods

A single-blind placebo clinical trial was designed. A total of 30 patients with NSCNP were randomly assigned to the AO group, MI group or placebo observation (PO) group. CJPS in flexion, extension and rotation movements in both planes were the main variables.

Results

The results obtained in the vertical plane showed that the AO group obtained greater improvements than the PO group in the CJPS in terms of cervical extension movement both at the end of the intervention and 10 min postintervention (p = .001, d = 1.81 and p = .004, d = 1.74, respectively), and also in cervical flexion movement, although only at 10 min after the intervention (p = .035, d = 0.72). In addition, the AO group obtained greater improvements than the MI group in the CJPS only at the end of the intervention in cervical extension movement (p = .041, d = 1.17). Regarding the left rotation cervical movement, both the MI and AO groups were superior to the PO group in both planes at the end of the intervention (p < .05, d > 0.80).

Conclusions

Although both AO and MI could be a useful strategy for CJPS improvement, the AO group showed the strongest results. The therapeutic potential of the application of mental practice in a clinical context in the early stages of rehabilitation of NSCNP should be considered.
The Effects of Fish Pond Sediments and Cow Dung on the Early Growth of Afrormosia elata Harms Seedlings
Authors: Ojo M. O.
Published: September 2019

More often than not, the emphasis is laid on the essence of employing organic manures for raising plant seedlings and even in improving the nutrient status of their growth media for higher productivity. Afrormosia elata has numerous medicinal uses but not very much available. Thus, the study on the effects of fish pond sediments (FPS) and decomposed cow dung (DCD) on the early growth of A. elata seedlings was carried out at the nursery ‘A’ of the Federal College of Forestry, Ibadan, Nigeria. A. elata seeds were sown in a finely perforated sieve (filled with washed river sand) and seedlings were pricked – out 2 weeks after seedling emergence into polythene pots with varying levels of FPS and DCD. The experimental design was Completely Randomized Design (CRD) consisting of nine treatments and eight replicates. Treatments include; T1(2 kg of FPS + 2 kg of topsoil); T2 (2 kg of DCD + 2 kg of topsoil); T3 (1.5 kg of FPS + 2 kg of topsoil); T4 (1.5 kg of DCD + 2 kg of topsoil); T5 (1 kg of FPS + 2 kg of topsoil); T6 (1 kg of DCD + 2 kg of topsoil); T7 (500 g of FPS + 2 kg of topsoil); T8 (500 g of DCD + 2 kg topsoil); and 2 kg of topsoil without any treatment served as control). Morphological parameters such as seedling height, collar diameter and leaf count as well as leaf biomass were assessed and the data collected were subjected to Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). The result showed that T3 (1.5 kg FPS + 2 Kg TS) had the best performance in height, leaf area and leaf biomass with mean values of 11.02 cm, 21.65 cm2 and 1.16 g respectively. Though, there were no significant differences amongst the growth parameters assessed for this study. But T3 (1.5 kg FPS + 2 Kg TS) could be employed in raising the seedlings of this plant for faster growth rate.
11C‐PK11195 PET imaging and white matter changes in Parkinson’s disease dementia
Authors: Nicastro Nicolas , Surendranathan Ajenthan , Mak Elijah , Rowe James B. , O’Brien John T.
Published: September 2019

There is evidence of increased microglial activation in Parkinson’s disease (PD) as shown by in vivo PET ligand such as 11C‐PK11195. In addition, diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) imaging reveals widespread changes in PD, especially when the associated dementia develops. In the present case series, we studied five subjects with Parkinson’s disease dementia (PDD). Our findings suggest that while DTI metrics mirror cognitive severity, higher 11C‐PK11195 binding seems to be associated with a relative preservation of both white matter tracts and cognition. Longitudinal studies are warranted to tackle the complex relationship between microglial activation and structural abnormalities in neurodegenerative conditions.
Hall–Petch Relations of Severely Deformed Cu, Ni, and Cu–Ni Alloys: Analysis of the Dislocation Blockage Strength of Deformation‐Modified Grain Boundaries
Authors: Emeis Friederike , Peterlechner Martin , Wilde Gerhard
Published: September 2019

Cu–Ni alloys and pure Cu and Ni are processed by severe plastic deformation up to different selected strain levels. States of varying grain sizes and hardnesses are adjusted by selecting the total torsional strain up to saturation and subsequent thermal annealing. The hardnesses of the annealed saturation‐deformed microstructures can be described by Hall–Petch parameters valid for relaxed coarse‐grained samples. The processing conditions determine the Hall–Petch parameters in a similar way for each composition. It is concluded that relaxation and recovery modify the fine‐grained saturation‐deformed microstructures in a way that the influence of grain boundaries (GBs) on the hardness is as in a relaxed coarse‐grained microstructure. This observation also indicates that GBs and their character present in fine‐grained severe plastically deformed materials possess similar properties concerning dislocation blockage and nucleation as in a relaxed coarse‐grained microstructure. The deformation behavior of alloys and pure materials shows distinct characteristics: Alloys reach the grain size of the saturation‐deformed microstructure for smaller degrees of deformation, whereas pure materials reach saturation‐deformed hardness for smaller degrees of deformation. Thus, the dislocation and GB mobility are the dominating parameters for grain refinement and strengthening.
Interactions between Carbon‐Bonded Alumina Filters and Molten Steel: Impact of a Titania‐Doped Filter Coating
Authors: Schmidt Anne , Fruhstorfer Jens , Dudczig Steffen , Aneziris Christos G.
Published: September 2019

Herein, the influence of adding titania to the carbonaceous alumina coating of Al2O3–C filters on the interactions with molten steel is investigated. Therefore, coated filters are immersed for 30 s in molten steel (42CrMo4) at 1580 °C. Mainly by microstructural and chemical analyses, the immersed filters as well as the solidified steel are characterized. Due to the reducing atmosphere of the heat treatment during sample manufacturing, the formation of aluminum titanate phases in the coating is not observed. During immersion, on the one hand, titania acts as the sintering agent for alumina within the coating and for precipitated alumina inclusions from the melt. On the other hand, dissolved titanium in the melt decreases the surface tension and thus increases wetting of the steel melt on the filter surface. The results indicate that more but smaller alumina inclusions remain in the solidified steel if titania is added to the coating. Thus, the modification of alumina inclusions by adding titania to the filter coating presents a way to tailor these inclusions depending on the product's application.
Electron Beam Melting of a β‐Solidifying Intermetallic Titanium Aluminide Alloy
Authors: Wartbichler Reinhold , Clemens Helmut , Mayer Svea
Published: September 2019

The structural features of an electron‐beam‐melted titanium aluminide alloy are presented. The microstructure consisting of γ‐TiAl, α2‐Ti3Al, and βo‐TiAl reveals inhomogeneous phase and Al distributions, which are quantified by electron probe microanalysis. Electron backscatter diffraction is utilized to indicate a solidification via the β‐phase preferably along the <001> direction, resulting in a {001}βo fiber texture parallel to the building direction. These findings are correlated to a calculated isopleth section of the Ti‐Al‐Nb‐Mo system and the corresponding phase fraction diagram. The investigated β‐solidifying γ‐TiAl‐based alloy, therefore, combines both the characteristics of electron‐beam‐melted Ti and TiAl alloys.
Degradation Mechanism of Vanadium Oxide Films When Grown on Y‐Stabilized ZrO2 Above 500 °C
Authors: Choi Songhee , Oh Junhyeob , Lee Ji-Hyun , Jang Jae Hyuck , Lee Shinbuhm
Published: September 2019

Although vanadium oxide (VOx) phases are thermodynamically similar, Y‐stabilized ZrO2 (YSZ) substrates show selective growth as single‐crystalline films. However, in this study, we find that the films degrade with the formation of nanoislands when evaporating VOx onto YSZ at a substrate temperature >500 °C. The nanoislands are epitaxial, i.e., Y‐doped VO2(R) at an oxygen partial pressure  < 30 mTorr, and YVO4 at  > 50 mTorr. Energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy shows that the rapid diffusion of vanadium and yttrium plays a critical role in film degradation. The degradation mechanism revealed herein guides the fabrication of VOx films for energy and electronic device applications.
Thermal Transport in Conductive Polymer–Based Materials
Authors: Xu Xiangfan , Zhou Jun , Chen Jie
Published: September 2019

The demand for flexible conductive materials has motivated many recent studies on conductive polymer–based materials. However, the thermal conductivity of conductive polymers is relatively low, which may lead to serious heat dissipation problems for device applications. This review provides a summary of the fundamental principles for thermal transport in conductive polymers and their composites, and recent advancements in regulating their thermal conductivity. The thermal transport mechanisms in conductive polymer–based materials and up‐to‐date experimental approaches for measuring thermal conductivity are first summarized. Effective approaches for the regulation of thermal conductivity are then discussed. Finally, thermal‐related applications and future perspectives are given for conductive polymers and their composites.
Stretchable, Patch‐Type Calorie‐Expenditure Measurement Device Based on Pop‐Up Shaped Nanoscale Crack‐Based Sensor
Authors: Kwon Ki Yoon , Shin Yiel Jae , Shin Joo Hwan , Jeong Chanho , Jung Yei Hwan , Park Byeonghak , Kim Tae‐il
Published: September 2019

Demands for precise health information tracking techniques are increasing, especially for daily dietry requirements to prevent obesity, diabetes, etc. Many commercially available sensors that detect dynamic motions of the body lack accuracy, while novel strain sensors at the research level mostly lack the capability to analyze measurements in real life conditions. Here, a stretchable, patch‐type calorie expenditure measurement system is demonstrated that integrates an ultrasensitive crack‐based strain sensor and Bluetooth‐enabled wireless communication circuit to offer both accurate measurements and practical diagnosis of motion. The crack‐based strain gauge transformed into a pop‐up‐shaped structure provides reliable measurements and broad range of strain (≈100%). Combined with the stretchable analysis circuit, the skin attachable tool translates variation of the knee flexion angle into calorie expenditure amount, using relative resistance change (R/R0) data from the flexible sensor. As signals from the knee joint angular movement translates velocity and walking/running behavior, the total amount of calorie expenditure is accurately analyzed. Finally, theoretical, experimental, and simulation analysis of signal stability, dynamic noises, and calorie expenditure calculation obtained from the device during exercise are demonstrated. For further applications, the devices are expected to be used in broader range of dynamic motion of the body for diagnosis of abnormalities and for rehabilitation.
Dandelion‐Like Tailorable Nanoparticles for Tumor Microenvironment Modulation
Authors: Guo Qin , He Xi , Li Chao , He Yongqing , Peng Yiying , Zhang Yu , Lu Yifei , Chen Xinli , Zhang Yujie , Chen Qinjun , Sun Tao , Jiang Chen
Published: September 2019

Tumor‐associated macrophages (TAMs) constitute over 50% of the number of cells within the tumor, playing a major role in tumor progression and invasion. Remodeling the tumor immune microenvironment by modulating TAM polarization has been emerging as a new and promising therapeutic strategy. However, the high interstitial fluid pressure and dense extracellular matrix lead to insufficient penetration of nanosized therapies. To overcome this dilemma, an acid‐triggered size‐changeable nanoparticle (aptamer/acid sensitive linker crosslinked DGL/zoledronic acid, i.e., Apt@(DGL‐ZA)n NPs) with effective tumor distribution, extravasation, and penetration is designed. Dendrigraft poly‐L‐lysines (DGLs) which can induce tumor autophagy as mimics of natural abnormal proteins are crosslinked via a mild‐acid‐responsive linker (1,6‐bis(4‐formylbenzoyloxy) hexane). Long circulation property and tumor penetration are achieved simultaneously by catching DGLs in neutral pH while releasing them in the tumor's pH, like dandelion seeds in midair. The macrophage conditioning agent zoledronic acid (ZA) is loaded on DGLs by the charge attraction. A Tenascin‐C targeting aptamer (GBI‐10) is modified onto (DGL‐ZA)n NPs for a tumor‐homing effect. Apt@(DGL‐ZA)n NPs show both enhanced penetration in in vitro 3D triple negative breast cancer spheroids and in vivo tumor tissues. Effective macrophage regulation, enhanced tumor autophagy, and excellent in vivo antitumor efficacy are achieved, suggesting this tactic as a significant antitumor strategy.
Digit ratio and hand grip strength are associated with male competition outcomes: A study among traditional populations of the Yali and Hadza
Authors: Misiak Michał , Butovskaya Marina , Oleszkiewicz Anna , Sorokowski Piotr
Published: September 2019

Objectives

Indirect measures of physiological features, such as digit ratio and hand grip strength (HGS), are associated with the outcome of male competition activities. However, most of the studies were conducted in developed and industrialized societies. We tested the hypothesis that both digit ratio and HGS are associated with performance in male‐specific activities in two traditional preindustrial societies: Yali and Hadza.

Methods

To measure masculine behavioral traits, we determined warriorship status (Yali; n = 49) and assessed hunting skills (Yali n = 47 and Hadza n = 49). We also assessed the digit ratio and HGS of each male. We conducted our analyses using the Bayesian approach.

Results

Bayesian regression models indicated that greater hand grip strength is associated with better hunting outcomes among Hadza males. We did not find a similar link for the Yali. We found anecdotal evidence for the link between left hand digit ratio and the number of birds hunted by Hadza. We found no evidence for the link between digit ratio and performance in male‐male competition.

Conclusions

Our results suggest that male‐male competition outcomes are determined by upper body strength, but only in the Hadza population. We also found limited support for the hypothesis that digit ratio is associated with hunting success among the Hadza. We found no support for the hypothesis concerning the digit ratio or HGS among the Yali. Our research provides partial support for the evolutionary hypotheses based on studies conducted in industrialized populations.
Neuronal Circuit Activity during Neonatal Hypoxic–Ischemic Seizures in Mice
Authors: Burnsed Jennifer , Skwarzyńska Daria , Wagley Pravin K. , Isbell Laura , Kapur Jaideep
Published: September 2019

Objective

To identify circuits active during neonatal hypoxic–ischemic (HI) seizures and seizure propagation using electroencephalography (EEG), behavior, and whole‐brain neuronal activity mapping.

Methods

Mice were exposed to HI on postnatal day 10 using unilateral carotid ligation and global hypoxia. EEG and video were recorded for the duration of the experiment. Using immediate early gene reporter mice, active cells expressing cfos were permanently tagged with reporter protein tdTomato during a 90‐minute window. After 1 week, allowing maximal expression of the reporter protein, whole brains were processed, lipid cleared, and imaged with confocal microscopy. Whole‐brain reconstruction and analysis of active neurons (colocalized tdTomato/NeuN) were performed.

Results

HI resulted in seizure behaviors that were bilateral or unilateral tonic–clonic and nonconvulsive in this model. Mice exhibited characteristic EEG background patterns such as burst suppression and suppression. Neuronal activity mapping revealed bilateral motor cortex and unilateral, ischemic somatosensory cortex, lateral thalamus, and hippocampal circuit activation. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed regional differences in myelination, which coincide with these activity patterns. Astrocytes and blood vessel endothelial cells also expressed cfos during HI.

Interpretation

Using a combination of EEG, seizure semiology analysis, and whole‐brain neuronal activity mapping, we suggest that this rodent model of neonatal HI results in EEG patterns similar to those observed in human neonates. Activation patterns revealed in this study help explain complex seizure behaviors and EEG patterns observed in neonatal HI injury. This pattern may be, in part, secondary to regional differences in development in the neonatal brain. ANN NEUROL 2019;86:927–938
Cellulose‐Derived Functional Polyacetal by Cationic Ring‐Opening Polymerization of Levoglucosenyl Methyl Ether
Authors: Debsharma Tapas , Yagci Yusuf , Schlaad Helmut
Published: September 2019

The unsaturated bicyclic acetal levoglucosenyl methyl ether was readily obtained from sustainable feedstock (cellulose) and polymerized by cationic ring‐opening polymerization to produce a semicrystalline thermoplastic unsaturated polyacetal with relatively high apparent molar mass (up to ca. 36 kg mol−1) and decent dispersity (ca. 1.4). The double bonds along the chain can undergo hydrogenation and thiol–ene reactions as well as crosslinking, thus making this polyacetal potentially interesting as a reactive functional material.
A Highly Warped Heptagon‐Containing sp2 Carbon Scaffold via Vinylnaphthyl π‐Extension
Authors: Farrell Jeffrey M. , Grande Vincenzo , Schmidt David , Würthner Frank
Published: September 2019

A new strategy is demonstrated for the synthesis of warped, negatively curved, all‐sp2‐carbon π‐scaffolds. Multifold C−C coupling reactions are used to transform a polyaromatic borinic acid into a saddle‐shaped polyaromatic hydrocarbon (2) bearing two heptagonal rings. Notably, this Schwarzite substructure is synthesized in only two steps from an unfunctionalized alkene. A highly warped structure of 2 was revealed by X‐ray crystallographic studies and pronounced flexibility of this π‐scaffold was ascertained by experimental and computational studies. Compound 2 exhibits excellent solubility, visible range absorption and fluorescence, and readily undergoes two reversible one‐electron oxidations at mild potentials.
Single‐armed salamo‐like dioxime and its multinuclear Cu (II), Zn (II) and Cd (II) complexes: Syntheses, structural characterizations, Hirshfeld analyses and fluorescence properties
Authors: Zhang Yu , Pan Ying‐Qi , Yu Meng , Xu Xin , Dong Wen‐Kui
Published: September 2019

Three multinuclear Cu (II), Zn (II) and Cd (II) complexes, [Cu2(L)(μ‐OAc)]·CHCl2 (1), [Zn2(L)(μ‐OAc)(H2O)]·3CHCl3 (2) and [{Cd2(L)(OAc)(CH3CH2OH)}2]·2CH3CH2OH (3) with a single‐armed salamo‐like dioxime ligand H3L have been synthesized, and characterized by FT‐IR, UV–vis, X‐ray crystallography and Hirshfeld surfaces analyses. The ligand H3L has a linear structure and C‐H···π interactions between the two molecules. The complex 1 is a dinuclear Cu (II) complex, Cu1 and Cu2 are all five‐coordinate possessing distorted square pyramidal geometries. The complex 2 also forms a dinuclear Zn (II) structure, and Zn1 and Zn2 are all five‐coordinate bearing distorted trigonal bipyramidal geometries. The complex 3 is a symmetrical tetranuclear Cd (II) complex, and Cd1 is a hexa‐coordinate having octahedral configuration and Cd2 is hepta‐coordinate with a pentagonal bipyramidal geometry, and it has π···π interactions inside the molecule. In addition, fluorescence properties of the ligand and its complexes 1–3 have also been discussed.
Branched polyethylenimine‐polyethylene glycol‐β‐cyclodextrin polymers for efficient removal of bisphenol A and copper from wastewater
Authors: Lee Ji Hwan , Kwak Seung‐Yeop
Published: September 2019

The present study reports on the development of water‐insoluble polymers including β‐cyclodextrin (β‐CD), polyethylene glycol (PEG), and branched polyethylenimine (b‐PEI) denoted here as X‐CD, for efficient removal of bisphenol A (BPA) and copper ions (Cu(II)) from wastewater. Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy, elemental analysis, thermogravimetric analysis, and differential scanning calorimetry results indicate that β‐CD was successfully linked to b‐PEI and PEG. The adsorption kinetics of BPA and Cu(II) were found to follow a pseudo‐second‐order model. Adsorption isotherm data showed good correlation of BPA and Cu(II) with the Langmuir isotherm models. In regeneration tests, using ethanol and DI water (pH 2) washing, X‐CD exhibited sufficient BPA and Cu(II) recovery efficiency even after the fourth cycle. Furthermore, the adsorption performance of X‐CD was unaffected by co‐existing substances. The results demonstrate simple and environmentally friendly crosslinking without toxic/carcinogenic byproducts, and the efficient removal of endocrine disrupting chemicals and heavy metals from aquatic environments. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020, 137, 48475.
Composite mixed matrix membranes incorporating microporous carbon molecular sieve as filler in polyethersulfone for CO2/CH4 separation
Authors: Mohamed Mohamed Janshir Bin Gulam , Mannan Hafiz Abdul , Nasir Rizwan , Mohshim Dzeti Farhah , Mukhtar Hilmi , Abdulrahman Aymn , Ahmed Anas
Published: September 2019

Membrane technology has been considered a key factor for sustainable growth in high‐efficiency gas separation. Current mixed matrix membranes (MMMs) technology is rising, but these membranes in the dense structure are having difficulties in operating at high pressures and scale up for commercialization. The purpose of this research is to synthesize composite MMMs (CMMMs) consisting of polyethersulfone (PES), carbon molecular sieve (CMS 1–5 wt %), and Novatex 2471 nonwoven fabric (support layer). The membranes' physical, chemical, and thermal properties were evaluated by different analytical equipment. The morphology of both PES and PES‐CMS composite membranes had a porous and asymmetric structure, in which CMS was uniformly distributed in the polymer matrix. The thermal properties showed that the membranes were stable up to 350 °C with a single glass transition temperature. The functional groups in the membrane were confirmed by spectral analysis. The gas performance results showed that carbon dioxide permeance increased with increased CMS concentration and methane permeance decreased due to the hindering effect of CMS under similar operating conditions. The highest selectivity achieved was 12.774 using CMMM of 5 wt % of CMS at 10 bar, which on average was 137.80%, improved selectivity compared to pure PES membrane. The support layer was able to withstand high operating pressures and showed the ability to scale up. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020, 137, 48476.
Magnetic molecularly imprinted polymers obtained by photopolymerization for selective recognition of penicillin G
Authors: Pupin Rafael Rovatti , Foguel Marcos Vinicius , Gonçalves Luís Moreira , Sotomayor Maria del Pilar T.
Published: September 2019

Some of the most important life‐saving medications are β‐lactam antibiotics (such as Penicillin G). However, these medicines have not adequately been discharged into the environment; penicillin residues offer health risks and enhance the development of resistances. Thus, its selective separation from complex matrices is a challenge worth tackling. A novel strategy of synthesis, by photopolymerization, was applied to develop magnetic molecular imprinted polymers (mag‐MIPs) aiming the recognition of penicillin G (also known as benzylpenicillin). Photopolymerization, when compared with the more common thermopolymerization, has the advantage of occurring at lower temperatures, which prevents analyte degradation. The Mag‐MIP presented higher surface area than the conventional MIP and good adsorption capacity of the analyte while maintaining its selectivity. The synthesized material was characterized by X‐ray diffraction, showing that the magnetite nanoparticles were formed and the MIP polymerization on their surface was performed, once the material was amorphous. Furthermore, the pore formation was evaluated by BET, indicating a high surface area (832 m2 g−1) and large pore volume (0.80 cm3 g−1) in the mag‐MIP compared to the magnetic non‐imprinted polymer (mag‐NIP: 147 m2 g−1 and 0.33 cm3 g−1). © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020, 137, 48496.
Eosin‐Y‐Catalyzed Photoredox C−S Bond Formation: Easy Access to Thioethers
Authors: Chand Shiv , Pandey Anand Kumar , Singh Rahul , Kumar Saurabh , Singh Krishna Nand
Published: September 2019

An operationally simple Eosin Y catalyzed sulfenylation of hydrazones has been realized to afford a range of thioethers under visible light. The methodology provides high yields of thioethers under ambient conditions employing readily available and inexpensive starting materials. The reaction has broad substrate scope and is compatible with various functional groups.
Beyond the Corey–Chaykovsky Reaction: Synthesis of Unusual Cyclopropanoids via Desymmetrization and Thereof
Authors: Patel Kaushalendra , Mishra Uttam K. , Mukhopadhyay Dipto , Ramasastry S. S. V.
Published: September 2019

Desymmetrization‐based protocols for the synthesis of highly functionalized indeno‐spirocyclopropanes and cyclopropa‐fused indanes have been established through unexpected reactions triggered by the Corey–Chaykovsky reagent. These structures were further elaborated in one step to privileged scaffolds such as fluorenones, indenones, and naphthaphenones. For instance, an acid‐catalyzed transformation of indeno‐spirocyclopropanes provided fluorenones via a homo‐Nazarov‐type cyclization, and naphthaphenones were obtained via an acid‐catalyzed cyclopropane ring‐opening/retro‐Michael sequence.
Laboratory simulation of postfire effects on conventional drinking water treatment and disinfection byproduct formation
Authors: Hohner Amanda K. , Summers R. Scott , Rosario‐Ortiz Fernando L.
Published: September 2019

Wildfires can abruptly transform forests, char vegetation and soils, and create an environment susceptible to postfire erosion and runoff to nearby surface waters serving as potable water supplies. The rising trend in wildfire activity increases the risk to source waters, while postwildfire implications on drinking water treatment are not well understood. A laboratory‐based approach was used to simulate the effects of forest floor heating during wildfire on water quality. Surface soil and litter samples were heated in a furnace and leached to evaluate changes to water‐soluble compounds. Leachates were diluted to a dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentration of 5.0 ± 1.0 mgC/L. Heated and unheated (control) leachates were compared for dissolved organic matter (DOM) properties, treatability by alum coagulation, and disinfection byproduct formation. Size exclusion chromatography, optical property characterization, and organic nitrogen levels suggest that the DOM character shifted to lower‐molecular‐weight, nitrogen‐enriched aromatic compounds following heating. Raw water total trihalomethane and haloacetic acid precursor yields were not significantly different following heating; however, pairwise responses varied. Chloropicrin precursor yields increased by an average of 155% following heating, while haloacetonitrile precursor yields showed minimal changes. Even at high coagulant doses (>80 mg/L), the heated leachates consistently exhibited a poor coagulation response to turbidity and DOC removal. The DOC removal per mg alum was statistically lower for the heated leachates compared to the control samples (mean Δ = −0.06 mgC/mg‐alum). The adverse effect of heating on the DOC removal of the leachates might be explained by a lower‐molecular‐weight DOM composition. While findings suggest an altered DOM character, utilities may also experience an increase in influent DOC concentrations coupled with higher, or even extreme, sediment loads, resulting in compounding effects on water treatment.
Evaluation of the preventive and therapeutic effects of a recombinant vector co‐expressing prostate‐specific stem cell antigen and Clostridium perfringens enterotoxin on prostate cancer in rats
Authors: Abedi Saied , Doosti Abbas , Jami Mohammad‐Saied
Published: September 2019

The effects of Clostridium perfringens enterotoxin (CPE) and prostate stem cell antigen (PSCA) on cancer prevention or treatment have been previously studied separately. For the first time, here we have elaborated a recombinant vector to co‐express and study the cumulative effects of both of these factors on prostate cancer (PCa) in an animal model. The recombinant pBudCE4.1‐cpe‐PSCA vector was constructed in large scale. Rats were vaccinated by vector or vector plus chitosan nanoparticles before or after induction of PCa (preventive or therapeutic studies) by N‐methyl N‐nitrosurea and testosterone. Prostate tumors were weighed and histologically examined. Tumors and infusion site tissues as well as blood samples of all rats were collected and assessed by serological and molecular tests. We showed that vaccination with vector (along with or without nanoparticles) led to lower PCa incidence and tumor weight. The L‐1β, IL6, and TNF‐α serum levels and their gene expression accompanied by C‐CAM1 gene expression in vaccinated groups were significantly higher than controls while no difference was seen in CK20 expression among all groups. Our findings showed that vector could effectively stimulate the immune system of rats to either prevent or suppress the PCa tumors. Adding chitosan nanoparticles did not affect the results significantly.
Changes in conditional net survival and dynamic prognostic factors in patients with newly diagnosed metastatic prostate cancer initially treated with androgen deprivation therapy
Authors: Narita Shintaro , Nomura Kyoko , Hatakeyama Shingo , Takahashi Masahiro , Sakurai Toshihiko , Kawamura Sadafumi , Hoshi Senji , Ishida Masanori , Kawaguchi Toshiaki , Ishidoya Shigeto , Shimoda Jiro , Sato Hiromi , Mitsuzuka Koji , Tochigi Tatsuo , Tsuchiya Norihiko , Ohyama Chikara , Arai Yoichi , Nagashima Kengo , Habuchi Tomonori
Published: September 2019

Background

The purpose of this study was to identify predictive factors associated with conditional net survival in patients with metastatic hormone‐naive prostate cancer (mHNPC) initially treated with androgen deprivation therapy (ADT).

Methods

At nine hospitals in Tohoku, Japan, the medical records of 605 consecutive patients with mHNPC who initially received ADT were retrospectively reviewed. The Pohar Perme estimator was used to calculate conditional net cancer‐specific survival (CSS) and overall survival (OS) for up to 5 years subsequent to the diagnosis. Using multiple imputation, proportional hazard ratios for conditional CSS and OS were calculated with adjusted Cox regression models.

Results

During a median follow up of 2.95 years, 208 patients died, of which 169 died due to progressive prostate cancer. At baseline, the 5‐year CSS and OS rates were 65.5% and 58.2%, respectively. Conditional 5‐year net CSS and OS survival gradually increased for all the patients. In patients given a 5‐year survivorship, the conditional 5‐year net CSS and OS rates improved to 0.906 and 0.811, respectively. Only the extent of disease score (EOD) ≥2 remained a prognostic factor for CSS and OS up to 5 years; as survival time increased, other variables were no longer independent prognostic factors.

Conclusions

The conditional 5‐year net CSS and OS in patients with mHNPC gradually increased; thus, the risk of mortality decreased with increasing survival. The patient's risk profile changed over time. EOD remained an independent prognostic factor for CSS and OS after 5‐year follow‐up. Conditional net survival can play a role in clinical decision‐making, providing intriguing information for cancer survivors.
USP9X stabilizes BRCA1 and confers resistance to DNA‐damaging agents in human cancer cells
Authors: Lu Qin , Zhang Fang‐Lin , Lu Da‐Yun , Shao Zhi‐Ming , Li Da-Qiang
Published: September 2019

BRCA1, a multifunctional protein with an important role in DNA double‐strand break repair by homologous recombination (HR), is subjected to ubiquitin‐dependent degradation. To date, several E3 ubiquitin ligases have been identified to govern BRCA1 stability, but the deubiquitinase that counteracts its turnover remains undefined. In this study, we report that the ubiquitin‐specific protease 9X (USP9X) is a bona fide deubiquitinase for BRCA1 in human cancer cells. Reciprocal immunoprecipitation assays demonstrated that USP9X interacted with BRCA1. Depletion of USP9X by short interfering RNAs or inhibition of USP9X by the small‐molecular inhibitor WP1130 significantly reduced BRCA1 protein abundance, without affecting its mRNA levels. In contrast, overexpression of wild‐type USP9X, but not its deubiquitinase activity‐defective mutant (C1566S), resulted in an upregulation of BRCA1 protein levels. Moreover, USP9X depletion reduced the half‐life of BRCA1, accompanied by an increase in its ubiquitination. HR assays showed that knockdown of USP9X significantly reduced HR efficiency, which was partially rescued by reintroduction of BRCA1 into USP9X‐depleted cells. In support of these findings, USP9X knockdown significantly enhanced sensitivity to PARP inhibitor Olaparib and methyl methanesulfonate (MMS). Collectively, these results establish USP9X as a deubiquitinase for BRCA1 and reveal a previously unrecognized role of USP9X in the regulation of HR repair and the sensitivity of cancer cells to DNA‐damaging agents.