bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The ripple effect of school dropout: exploring the nexus between school dropout, deviance, and subsequent arrest amongst children in India
Authors: Senthivel Anantharamakrishnan , Madurai Dhanapal , Valan Michael L. , E. Richards George
Published: July 2024

Purpose

This paper aims to measure the prevalence of deviant behaviour among children who have dropped out of school and their subsequent arrests by the criminal justice system. The paper further analyses the relationship between the factors attributed to deviant behaviour and the subsequent arrests by the criminal justice system.

Design/methodology/approach

Using a semi-structured interview schedule, data was collected from 330 children who had already dropped out of school, remained on the streets or worked. The interviews took place in the presence of either of the children’s parents, with their consent.

Findings

The research identified 12 significant factors contributing to children dropping out of school. It also found six factors responsible for deviant behaviour. Furthermore, the study revealed that about 70% of the respondents were involved in one or more deviant behaviours. Among them, 51% had been detained by the Police in the past two years. Additionally, the linear regression model results positively predict the nexus among the six factors responsible for deviant behaviour.

Research limitations/implications

The study is limited to male children who had dropped out of school, as female children were excluded. In connection with measuring deviant behaviour, it was challenging to discern whether it occurred before students left school, after or both.

Practical implications

The study suggests several measures, including policies such as early intervention programmes, providing quality education, mentoring and counselling for students and parents, vocational education opportunities, creating drug-free environments, career guidance, peer mentoring, community engagement, substance abuse prevention and rehabilitation programmes, to prevent school dropout and subsequent deviant behaviour.

Originality/value

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study is unique to India. The moderation regression model represents an exceptional finding. This study constitutes another addition to the field of child welfare while also indicating scope for future research.
Revisiting the economic growth in the shadow of financial stress in times of crisis: evidence from FIGARCH and wavelet coherence approach
Authors: Paul Biswajit , Ghosh Raktim , Sana Ashish Kumar , Bagchi Bhaskar , Ghosh Priyajit Kumar , Saha Swarup
Published: July 2024

Purpose

This study empirically investigates the interdependency of select Asian emerging economies along with the financial stress index during the times of the global financial crisis, the Euro crisis and the COVID-19 period. Moreover, it inspects the long-memory effects of the different crises during the study period.

Design/methodology/approach

To address the objectives of the study, the authors apply different statistical tools, namely the adjusted correlation coefficient, fractionally integrated generalised autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity (FIGARCH) model and wavelet coherence model, along with descriptive statistics.

Findings

Financial stress is having a prodigious effect on the economic growth of select economies. From the data analysis, it is found that the long-memory effect is noted in the gross domestic product (GDP) for India and Korea only, which implies that the volatility in the GDP series for these two nations demonstrates persistence and dependency on previous values over a lengthy period.

Originality/value

The study is unique of its kind to consider multi-segments within the period of the study to get a clear idea about the effects of the financial stress index on select Asian emerging economies by applying different econometric tools.
Towards a new conceptualisation of evidence-based human resource management
Authors: Maertens Lisa , Daniëls Ellen , Hondeghem Annie , Vandenabeele Wouter
Published: July 2024

Purpose

Notwithstanding that evidence-based human resource management (EBHRM) is gaining more ground in governmental institutions, it is still lacking a clear and research-driven conceptualisation (Marler and Fisher, 2013). Therefore, this study seeks to establish a fundamental clarifying concept of EBHRM by using a systematic literature review.

Design/methodology/approach

This method builds on an intensive scanning of 2,584 (interdisciplinary) articles, collected from Web of Science and Scopus. Eventually, 50 articles met the predetermined inclusion criteria and were analysed. The most recent conceptualisation of evidence-based management in the literature has served as a guideline to compare the review results and further scrutinise the differences and similarities (Barends et al., 2014; Barends and Rousseau, 2018; Rynes and Bartunek, 2017).

Findings

This has enabled us to elaborate a comprehensive conceptualisation. The articles were divided into two groups, one group (n = 31) has Rousseau et al. as a reference, the other (n = 19) did not, and used various definitions. Three themes were identified: evidence-based research methods (n = 30), specific skills (n = 36) necessary to apply an evidence-based strategy and a link with the academic-practice gap (n = 25).

Practical implications

Based on the results, we recommend adding two dimensions to strengthen the current conceptualisation: a first dimension referring to how evidence-based management can be established (i.e. which methods and skills are necessary) and a second dimension referring to the why of evidence-based management in an organisation (reducing the academic-practice gap).

Originality/value

This paper starts from a systematic review approach unlike previous research in the field to contribute to the further conceptualisation of EBHRM (Rynes and Bartunek, 2017).
The role of boundary-spanning behaviour in enhancing individual innovation performance: a cross-level investigation
Authors: Luo Chengzhao , Ding Haoqing
Published: July 2024

Purpose

This study aims to investigate the impact of team boundary-spanning behaviours (BSBs) on innovation performance at both individual and team levels. The study specifically focuses on the mediating effects of knowledge sharing and creative self-efficacy, as well as the boosting influence of perceived superior trust.

Design/methodology/approach

This study employs a multi-level structural equation model to examine the data collected from 108 teams and 596 individuals. The aim is to investigate both the direct and indirect effects of BSBs on innovation.

Findings

The findings indicate that BSBs have a dual impact on innovation performance, both directly and indirectly through knowledge sharing and creative self-efficacy. Moreover, this impact is magnified by the perceived confidence from higher-ranking individuals.

Practical implications

The study indicates that managers should cultivate boundary-spanning behaviours (BSBs) and create a trusting environment in order to promote innovation. Facilitating the dissemination of knowledge and enhancing one's belief in their ability to be creative are crucial tactics.

Originality/value

This study provides fresh perspectives on how the behaviours of a team impact the individual results of creativity, emphasising the crucial role of trust in amplifying the beneficial benefits of BSBs on innovation. This study enhances the existing knowledge in the field of organisational behaviour and innovation management by providing a comprehensive analysis of the specific ways in which BSBs influence innovation performance.
Resolution evaluation of the satellite altimetric gravity anomaly models with shipborne gravity data over the Cosmonaut Sea, East Antarctica (44–52° E)
Authors: Yang Chunguo , Qin Linjiang , Ding Weifeng , Gao Jinyao , Wu Guochao
Published: July 2024

Several satellite gravity anomaly models are freely available to calculate the free‐air gravity anomaly in areas where shipborne gravity measurements are scarce. Two models produced by the Technical University of Denmark (DTU17) and the Scripps Institution of Oceanography (SIOv32.1), respectively, were selected to compute the free‐air anomalies over the Cosmonaut Sea, East Antarctica. A statistical comparison analysis was performed to evaluate the resolution of satellite gravity anomaly models by comparing them with the shipborne surveying date. The radially averaged energy spectra of free‐air anomaly from different sources were calculated and compared over two selected regions to further evaluate the reliability of the data derived from satellite gravity anomaly models. The satellite gravity anomaly models have a better resolution in the ocean basin than in the area near the continental shelf. The comparison analysis revealed that the precision of both DTU17 and SIOv32.1 is close to the shipborne gravity data, but on average, SIOv32.1 is a little bit better than DTU17. The spectral analysis showed that the shipborne measurements may provide higher resolution than the satellite gravity anomaly model at wavelengths shorter than 20 km, and the free‐air data derived from SIOv32.1 have better resolution than the one from DTU17. These shipborne datasets will provide contributions for the updates of the Antarctic gravity anomaly and enable new high‐resolution combined Earth gravity models to be derived in Antarctica.
Spillover effects of climate transition risk and financial sectors: New evidence from China
Authors: Li Shiyuan , Li Xin
Published: July 2024

This paper employs the connectedness approach based on a time‐varying parameter vector autoregressive model (TVP‐VAR) to examine the overall spillover effects, directional spillover effects and pairwise spillover effects of climate transition risk (CTR) and financial sectors of China in both the time domain and frequency domain. The main findings are as follows: Firstly, spillover effects from CTR are significant, impacting not only individual sectors but also amplifying across the entire system. Secondly, while the influence of CTR on financial sectors is lower compared to interconnections among financial sectors, it remains considerable. Thirdly, in the short‐term, risks transmit from CTR to financial sectors, while in the long‐term, the direction reverses. Fourthly, there were significant fluctuations in spillover effects among CTR and financial sectors from 2003 to 2008, indicating increased risk under extreme conditions. The findings of this study contribute to the understanding of potential risks in the financial system by regulatory authorities, facilitating the adoption of appropriate regulatory measures to maintain market stability. Moreover, it provides valuable insights for investors to better accurately assess risks and returns.
Why do people like technocrats?
Authors: MARLIER JEANNE , KALTENEGGER MATTHIAS , ENNSER‐JEDENASTIK LAURENZ
Published: July 2024

Many voters support the inclusion of technocrats in government. Yet we know very little about why technocrats are considered more appealing than traditional party representatives. In particular, it is unclear which advantages and disadvantages voters attach to the defining traits of technocratic ministers: party independence and expertise. We engage with this question drawing on a pre‐registered survey experiment in Austria. We examine how manipulating ministers' party affiliation and expertise affects voters' perceptions of their issue competence and bargaining competence. Findings indicate that voters ascribe lower levels of issue competence to partisan ministers than to non‐partisan ministers, notwithstanding their actual expertise, and that ministers' partisanship shrinks the positive effect of expertise on perceived issue competence. However, this ‘partisanship penalty’ disappears for supporters of the minister's party. Moreover, voters perceive partisanship as an advantageous trait with regard to a minister's bargaining competence. While voters like technocrats for their expertise and independence from party politics, our findings reveal nuanced perceptions, with voters still recognizing distinct advantages in being represented by party politicians.
Forensic psychiatric assessment in autism spectrum disorder: Experience of a forensic psychiatry inpatient clinic from Türkiye
Authors: Boylu Muhammed Emin , Taşdemir İlker , Doğan Mehmet , Özcanlı Tuba
Published: July 2024

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition characterized by marked differences in communication patterns, reciprocal social interactions, and restricted, stereotyped, and repetitive interests and activities. Various behavioral problems in ASD, more so when accompanied by coexisting psychopathology, can sometimes lead to legal problems. In this study, the cases in which an opinion was requested in terms of criminal responsibility with the diagnosis of ASD in the 5‐year period between 2018 and 2022 in the expertise department of psychiatric observation, where psychiatric cases were hospitalized and observed in the Council of Forensic Medicine (CFM), which is the official expert institution in Türkiye, were retrospectively evaluated. The mean age of the group whose criminal responsibility was reduced or removed was 22.9 years (±7.52) and the mean IQ score was 76.63 ± 18.94. The most common crime in this group was intentional injury (5/11), and it is noteworthy that the victims of these crimes were usually relatives of people with ASD (5/6). The criminal acts of people with ASD are usually single‐movement, spontaneous, unplanned, impulsive acts. In addition, although there is no problem in cognitive perception in people with high functioning ASD (HF‐ASD), various forensic situations may arise due to defects in emotional awareness. When we look at the practices of the CFM in Türkiye, it is seen that in cases where the diagnosis of ASD is clear and can be associated with the crime, criminal responsibility is usually completely eliminated. In HF‐ASD types, although it is important to be associated with the crime, it is seen that criminal responsibility is generally reduced.
miRNA‐mediated insect‐resistant transgenic rice poses no risk to a non‐target parasitoid, Cotesia chilonis, via direct feeding or through its target host
Authors: Dang Cong , Xiao Shan , Wang Fang , Fang Qi , Yao Hongwei , He Kang , Li Fei , Xue Dawei , Ye Gongyin
Published: July 2024

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have started to play an important role in pest control, and novel miRNA‐based transgenic insect‐resistant plants are now emerging. However, an environmental risk assessment of these novel transgenic plants expressing insect miRNAs must be undertaken before promoting their application. Here, transgenic miR‐14 rice, which has high resistance to the rice stem borer Chilo suppressalis, was used as an example for evaluation in this study. Taking the tier 1 risk assessment method in Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) crops as a reference, the effects of the direct exposure of a non‐target parasitoid, Cotesia chilonis, to a high concentration of miRNA were evaluated. The results showed that direct feeding with miR‐14 at high concentration had no significant effects on the biological parameters of Co. chilonis, whereas when miR‐14 was injected into Ch. suppressalis‐parasitized larvae, the development duration of Co. chilonis was significantly affected. In combination with the real conditions of the rice paddy field, it could be inferred that transgenic miR‐14 rice has no significant negative effects on the important non‐target parasitoid, Co. chilonis. These results will provide a foundation for the establishment of a new safety evaluation system for novel RNAi‐based transgenic plants.
Identifying habitat modification by Chinese pangolin in subtropical forests of southern China
Authors: SUN Song , WEI Shichao , DOU Hongliang , CHEN Shaolian , GAO Haiyang , YANG Jinzhen , WANG Jingxin , ZHANG Yulin , ZHANG Yihang , GUO Ruiping , ZHANG Sheng , DU Yumei , GAO Ruiqi , KUANG Yuanwen , HUA Yan
Published: July 2024

The excavation of Chinese pangolin (Manis pentadactyla) is expected to alter habitat heterogeneity and thus affect the functioning and structure of forest ecosystems. In this study, the bioturbation of Chinese pangolin on forest soils in three regions (Heping, Tianjingshan, and Wuqinzhang) across Guangdong province was quantified. Overall, a mean of 2.66 m3·ha−1 and 83.1 m2·ha−1 of burrows and bare mounds, respectively, was excavated by Chinese pangolin; the disturbed soils had significantly lower water content and P, C, available N concentrations, but higher bulk density, pH, and microbial abundance than those undisturbed soils. The unevenness of habitat heterogeneity improvement was mainly ascribed to the stronger soil disturbance caused in resting burrows by pangolins. Patterns of altering habitat heterogeneity were site‐specific, with high‐intensity soil disturbance occurring most in shrubs, meadows, steep habitats at high elevations, and mountain tops in Heping, while in broad‐leaved, coniferous and mixed coniferous and broad‐leaved forests away from human settlements in Tianjingshan and upper mountains at high elevations far away from roads and human settlements in Wuqinzhang. Road networks are the main interference for the burrow distribution in Heping and Wuqinzhang and should be programmed.
Direct comparative assessment of radial and transect surveys to document wild mammal activity across diverse habitat types
Authors: Duggan Lily M. , Tarimo Lucia J. , Walsh Katrina A. , Kavishe Deogratius R. , Crego Ramiro D. , Elisa Manase , Mombo Felister , Butler Fidelma , Killeen Gerry F.
Published: July 2024

Wild mammals are often difficult to directly observe, especially in woodland and forest habitats with dense vegetation, so surveys of largely indirect signs of their activities (e.g. tracks and spoor) are often a more practical option for monitoring populations. This study compared two different approaches to surveying largely indirect indicators of activity by a range of wild mammals across a gradient of ecosystem integrity in southern Tanzania. Surveys of all such signs of wild mammal activity detected around all identifiable surface water bodies within a 2 km radius of 32 convenient camping locations with perennial surface water were complemented on alternative days with similar surveys along transects between each camp and the next camp that required similar time and effort. For most of the wild mammal species detected, radial surveys around water bodies proved more sensitive than those along transects between them, because the former approach samples distinct and convenient locations that attract most animal species. Transect surveys were found to be more sensitive for only sable (Hippotragus niger) and spotted hyaena (Crocuta crocuta), which are known to routinely commute considerable distances across their home ranges, and for greater kudu (Tragelaphus strepsiceros) that seldom drink surface water.
Use of flank laparoscopy in the standing horse as a diagnostic aid in horses with chronic abdominal pain
Authors: Pudert Tanja , Cruz Antonio M. , Röcken Michael
Published: July 2024

Background

Reaching a specific diagnosis in horses with chronic or recurrent abdominal pain may be challenging and elusive.

Objectives

The aim of this study was to report indications, findings and outcomes of equine exploratory laparoscopy in a case series to support its diagnostic value and identify potential limitations.

Study design

Retrospective cases series.

Methods

Sixty‐nine client‐owned horses underwent laparoscopic exploration of the abdomen due to chronic colic symptoms. All horses were operated standing while sedated and under local anaesthesia. Diagnosis, follow‐up, surgical or medical interventions, as well as intra‐ and postoperative complications were recorded.

Results

A definitive diagnosis could be made by laparoscopy in 61 horses. However, no abnormal findings were found by laparoscopic exploration of the abdominal cavity in eight horses. Overall, the sensitivity of diagnostic laparoscopy in the standing horse in our study was 88% and its specificity was 15%. No severe intra‐ or postoperative complications occurred. Exploratory flank laparoscopy in the standing horse can be a valuable diagnostic tool for chronic abdominal pain.

Main limitations

The limitations of the present study are its retrospective nature, missing some details in the reports. In addition, no long‐term follow‐up was available for the horses which underwent surgical intervention, and whether the colic signs reoccurred after a period of time or complications occurred in the long‐term postoperative period are not known. No confirmation of the laparoscopic diagnosis was available in some horses, and a post‐mortem examination or histology of a biopsy sample would have been beneficial.

Conclusions

Exploratory flank laparoscopy in the standing horse can be considered in horses with chronic abdominal pain in view of the high sensitivity and low complication rate of this study.
New trade theory converges to the old trade theory—An elementary theoretical perspective
Authors: Marjit Sugata , Mandal Biswajit , Yang Lei
Published: July 2024

We introduce factor specificity to reflect the cost of adjustment of reallocating factors between technologies that determine fixed costs and variable costs in a typical Dixit–Stiglitz–Krugman (DSK) model of trade, retaining all other standard specifications of such a framework. We show that such an apparently benign change fundamentally alters the results of the DSK model. The number of varieties and output per variety depends entirely on full employment conditions. Thus, DSK and Heckscher–Ohlin–Samuelson (HOS) models, which represent the major workhorses of old trade theory, converge in the sense that now the number of varieties and outputs per variety are completely determined by factor endowments.
The salivary gland transcriptome of Varroa destructor reveals suitable targets for RNAi‐based mite control
Authors: Becchimanzi Andrea , Cacace Alfonso , Parziale Martina , De Leva Giovanna , Iacopino Sergio , Jesu Giovanni , Di Lelio Ilaria , Stillittano Virgilio , Caprio Emilio , Pennacchio Francesco
Published: July 2024

The mite Varroa destructor Anderson and Trueman (Mesostigmata: Varroidae) has a dramatic impact on beekeeping and is one of the main causes of honey bee colony losses. This ectoparasite feeds on honey bees' liquid tissues, through a wound created on the host integument, determining weight loss and a reduction of lifespan, as well as the transmission of viral pathogens. However, despite its importance, the mite feeding strategy and the host regulation role by the salivary secretions have been poorly explored. Here, we contribute to fill this gap by identifying the salivary components of V. destructor, to study their functional importance for mite feeding and survival. The differential expression analysis identified 30 salivary gland genes encoding putatively secreted proteins, among which only 15 were found to be functionally annotated. These latter include proteins with putative anti‐bacterial, anti‐fungal, cytolytic, digestive and immunosuppressive function. The three most highly transcribed genes, coding for a chitin‐binding domain protein, a Kazal domain serine protease inhibitor and a papain‐like cysteine protease were selected to study their functional importance by reverse genetics. Knockdown (90%–99%) by RNA interference (RNAi) of the transcript of a chitin‐binding domain protein, likely interfering with the immune reaction to facilitate mite feeding, was associated with a 40%–50% decrease of mite survival. This work expands our knowledge of the host regulation and nutritional exploitation strategies adopted by ectoparasites of arthropods and allows the identification of potential targets for RNAi, paving the way towards the development of new strategies for Varroa mite control.
Comparing different scoping and mapping review methodologies: A practical example using the nursing mobile workstation
Authors: Vanmeenen Margot , Hirt Julian , Malfait Simon , Möhler Ralph
Published: July 2024

Aims

To provide (1) an overview of core characteristics of scoping and mapping review methodologies and (2) to illustrate the differences and similarities of these methodologies using literature on nursing mobile workstations.

Design

Systematic review.

Methods

Systematic searches were conducted to identify (1) scoping and mapping review methodologies used in the field of nursing and (2) literature on nursing mobile workstations. For each systematic search, two reviewers independently screened all titles, abstracts, and full texts. We conducted narrative syntheses for both review questions. Publications on scoping and mapping review methodologies in the field of nursing were searched in MEDLINE (PubMed), Web of Science, Scopus, and CINAHL (September 2022). Publications on nursing mobile workstations were searched in MEDLINE (PubMed), CINAHL, and Web of Science (April 2022).

Results

We identified six scoping and mapping review methodologies (aim 1): bibliometric analysis, evidence mapping, focused mapping review and synthesis, and scoping review. The methodologies aim to provide a graphical, tabular, or narrative overview without a formal critical assessment of the literature. We provide an overview of key variables that reflect the different focus of these methodologies. We also included 26 publications on nursing mobile workstations (aim 2). Nineteen different terms were used to describe the workstations. An overall definition of the nursing mobile workstation was not found.

Conclusion

Scoping and mapping methodologies are regularly applied in nursing research. Although there is overlap between the different methodologies, we found some unique characteristics. Despite the regular use of nursing mobile workstations, little is known about their impact in care processes and important features. Future studies on nursing mobile workstations could explore the impact of the workstations in the care process and the current functions of the workstations. A universal definition of the workstations is warranted.

Clinical Relevance

Most publications address aspects of practicability of nursing mobile workstations, but we found no universal definition. Little knowledge is available on the impact of the workstations in clinical practice.
Successful pregnancy and delivery following microdissection testicular sperm extraction and intracytoplasmic sperm injection for non‐obstructive azoospermia after microsurgical varicocelectomy: A case report and review of the literature
Authors: Kamo Hisae , Komiya Akira , Ota Kuniaki , Hiraoka Kenichiro , Honma Koichi , Kawai Kiyotaka
Published: July 2024

Although surgical varicocele treatment is generally considered to result in improved reproductive outcomes, we encountered a rare case of postoperative azoospermia in an infertile male patient who underwent microsurgical varicocelectomy for a palpable left‐sided varicocele with concomitant cryptozoospermia. More than 1 year after varicocelectomy, the patient still had not recovered from azoospermia. Thereafter, he underwent microdissection testicular sperm extraction (micro‐TESE), allowing him and his partner to obtain one good quality blastocyst via intracytoplasmic sperm injection following oocyte retrievals. Finally, the couple had a successful pregnancy following a frozen embryo transfer, and a live male infant was subsequently delivered to them at 39 weeks and 5 days. In cases of severe testicular dysfunction, varicocelectomy may worsen the postoperative semen parameters until azoospermia. Therefore, it is important to consider preoperative sperm cryopreservation and to explore the possibility of subsequent TESE.
Comparative evaluation of cognitive behavioural therapy versus standard treatment in temporomandibular disorders: A systematic review
Authors: Shivakumar Sahana , Abdul Nishath Sayed , Jyoti Bhuvan , Kalburgi Veena , Cicciù Marco , Minervini Giuseppe
Published: July 2024

Background

Temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) are musculoskeletal and neuromuscular conditions affecting the temporomandibular joint and associated structures. Cognitive‐behavioural therapy (CBT) has emerged as a potential intervention for TMDs, but its comparative effectiveness against standard treatments remains unclear. This systematic review aimed to evaluate and compare the efficacy of CBT versus standard treatment interventions in managing TMDs.

Methods

A comprehensive search was conducted across multiple databases using MeSH keywords and Boolean operators. Inclusion criteria encompassed clinical trials comparing CBT/CBT in combination with standard treatment interventions or a control group in individuals with TMDs. The primary outcome measured was pain. Secondary outcomes such as disability, depression and jaw function were also looked into. Two reviewers independently assessed for the eligibility of the articles and conducted data extraction. Quality assessments were performed using RoB 2.0 for randomised clinical trials.

Results

The initial search identified 623 articles, of which a total of eight clinical studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in the systematic review. Seven out of eight studies demonstrated improvements in outcomes related to TMD. Pain was significantly decreased in studies that showed a positive outcome. Jaw function, quality of life and psychological well‐being were superior among individuals receiving CBT alone or in combination with conventional modalities, as well as hypnotic therapy coupled with CBT‐based interventions. The quality of studies assessed showed all articles to be of good quality as per RoB‐2 evaluation.

Conclusion

This systematic review highlights the potential benefits of CBT in managing TMDs, suggesting its effectiveness in improving pain outcomes and enhancing overall well‐being. The findings indicate that CBT may be a valuable adjunct or alternative to standard treatment interventions for individuals with TMDs. However, further research with larger sample sizes and standardised outcome measures is warranted to establish definitive conclusions regarding the comparative efficacy of CBT versus standard treatments in TMD management.
Trueness of 3D‐printed cobalt chromium versus titanium removable partial denture clasps
Authors: Elsayed Mohammed E. , El‐Bayoumi Dalia A. , Hebeshi Ahmed M. , El‐Tamimi Kawkb M.
Published: July 2024

Purpose

The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the trueness of removable partial denture clasps fabricated with titanium (Ti) through the selective laser melting (SLM) technique compared to cobalt‐chromium alloys (CoCr).

Materials and Methods

A virtual Aker clasp was designed on a scanned tooth, and SLM printers were used to print 20 claps using cobalt chromium (n = 10) and titanium alloy (n = 10). The deviation between the printed clasps and reference design was measured using the surface matching software (Geomagic control x) at rest, retentive tip, reciprocal tip, retentive shoulder, and reciprocal shoulder. An Independent t‐test was used to determine the influence of 3D‐printed material on the trueness (a = 0.05).

Results

The gap distance in mm between the reference design and printed in titanium showed an average of 0.0001 ±0.0544, 0.0256 ±0.1309, 0.0230 ±0.1028, 0.0701 ±0.1234, and 0.0013 ±0.0735 mm in rest, reciprocal arm tip, retentive arm tip, retentive arm shoulder, and reciprocal arm shoulder, respectively. The gap distance in mm between the reference design and printed clasps in CoCr alloy showed an average of 0.0316 ±0.0692, 0.2783 ±0.1678, 0.1446 ±0.1528, 0.0315 ±0.0906, and 0.0419 ±0.1088 mm in rest, reciprocal arm tip, retentive arm tip, retentive arm shoulder, and reciprocal arm shoulder, respectively. The difference between titanium and CoCr alloys at each observation site was significant.

Conclusion

Clasps fabricated from titanium with SLM printing have the least deviation and better trueness compared to those fabricated from cobalt chromium.
Occlusal trauma aggravates periodontitis through the plasminogen/plasmin system
Authors: Liu Xinran , Li Jiaxin , Li Jinle , Wang Tianqi , Ding Yan , Yue Yuan , Wang Min , Wei Na , Hao Liang
Published: July 2024

Objectives

Periodontitis is a common oral disease that is aggravated by occlusal trauma. Fibrin is a protein that participates in blood clotting and is involved in several human diseases. The deposition of fibrin in periodontal tissues can induce periodontitis, while mechanical forces may regulate the degradation of fibrin. Our study investigated how occlusal trauma aggravating periodontitis through regulating the plasminogen/plasmin system and fibrin deposition.

Materials and Methods

This study included 84 C57BL/6 mice in which periodontitis was induced with or without occlusal trauma. Micro‐computed tomography was used to assess bone resorption. Fibrin, fibrinogen, plasminogen, plasmin, tissue plasminogen activator (t‐PA), and urokinase plasminogen activator (u‐PA) levels were measured using Frazer–Lendrum staining, quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay, western blotting, immunofluorescence staining, and immunohistochemistry staining.

Results

Occlusal trauma aggravated inflammation and bone resorption. The periodontitis group showed significant fibrin deposition. Occlusal trauma increased fibrin deposition and neutrophil aggregation. The periodontitis with occlusal trauma group had decreased fibrinogen, t‐PA, and u‐PA expression and plasmin and fibrin degradation product levels, as well as increased plasminogen levels.

Conclusion

Occlusal trauma promotes excessive fibrin deposition by suppressing the plasminogen/plasmin system, thus exacerbating periodontitis.
Live Vaccine and Varicella Postexposure Prophylaxis in Pediatric Liver Transplant Recipients: A Survey of Practice in Australia and New Zealand
Authors: Bonett Emily , Doyle Rebecca , Roberts Amin , Wen Sophie C. H.
Published: July 2024

Background

Administration of live vaccines following liver transplant (LT) has historically not been recommended due to concerns regarding risk of vaccine‐attenuated disease. However, there is evidence suggesting that in select transplant recipients live vaccinations can be administered safely. Studies in other regions have indicated that despite this evidence many clinicians remain hesitant to administer live vaccinations.

Method

A REDCap survey was distributed to gastroenterologists, pediatricians, and infectious diseases physicians at pediatric centers across Australia and New Zealand via email between September and November 2023. The survey included a series of questions regarding live vaccine and varicella postexposure prophylaxis (PEP) practices in pediatric LT recipients and barriers to live vaccine administration in this cohort.

Results

There was a total of 16 responses to the survey, from 10 different pediatric centers, including 10/11 pediatric gastroenterology centers and all four pediatric LT centers in the region. Only 31% (5/16) of respondents (from 3/10 different centers) offer live vaccines. The main barrier to live vaccine administration was clinician reluctance and the main reason for not offering live vaccines was insufficient safety data.

Sixty‐nine percent (11/16) of respondents take vaccination status and/or serology into account when deciding whether to offer varicella PEP to this cohort. Respondents universally offer varicella zoster immunoglobulin as PEP, though 31% (5/16) also offer antiviral medication.

Conclusions

Many clinicians in our region remain hesitant to provide live vaccines to pediatric LT recipients, with concerns regarding insufficient safety data. Updated local guidelines may help to address this.
Patterns of tooth agenesis in individuals with Down syndrome
Authors: Kalf‐Scholte Sonja M. , Wijk Arjen van , Mayoral Trias Angela , Valkenburg Cees
Published: July 2024

Aims

Tooth agenesis (TA) is common in Down syndrome (DS). It is unknown whether this agenesis occurs in specific patterns, which is important regarding treatment planning and aetiological research. This study aimed to aggregate and analyze patterns of TA, excluding third molars, in individuals with DS using the tooth agenesis code (TAC).

Methods and results

The study was designed as a secondary analysis, following STROSA guidelines. The search (MEDLINE‐PubMed) and selection process resulted in six included studies encompassing 241 individuals with DS. TA data were systematically converted into TACs and analyzed per dentition, per jaw, and per tooth type. Symmetry was evaluated. The prediction was calculated for oligodontia. In the 155 cases with TA 86 distinct Overall‐TAC patterns were identified. The most common patterns were bilateral maxillary lateral incisor agenesis (TAC002.002.000.000;10.3%), bilateral mandibular second premolar agenesis (TAC000.000.016.016;5.8%), and unilateral left maxillary lateral incisor agenesis (TAC000.002.000.000;5.2%). Symmetry in TA patterns was observed in 49.6% of TA cases in the maxilla and 52.3% in the mandible. The simultaneous absence of both mandibular central incisors had a large predictive value for oligodontia (OR12.44;95% CI:4.97–31.84; p < .001).

Conclusion

Predominant TA patterns exist in DS. Observation of mandibular central incisor agenesis can promote early diagnosis of oligodontia in DS.
«Unidos bajo una misma bandera». Estado, revolución y pueblo en la simbología de la bandera cubana
Authors: Gold Marina
Published: July 2024

Tomando ciertos eventos como momentos de síntesis de crisis política, este capítulo considera la diversa simbología detrás de la bandera cubana en su historia independentista, teniendo en cuenta sus diversos usos modernos y la capacidad de representación de posiciones diferentes y muchas veces contradictorias. La bandera representa una unidad política inclusiva, aunque a veces contradictoria, en momentos en que el proyecto de revolución entra en crisis. Este capítulo a) proporciona descripciones del uso de banderas nacionales; b) genera explicaciones con base antropológica de las causas del uso intensificado que los símbolos nacionales en momentos de exacerbación de conflictos políticos; y c) analiza concepciones de nacionalidad asociadas a los significados que miembros de diferentes grupos sociales dan a las banderas. La estructura del capítulo es la siguiente: 1) El uso de la bandera en el desfile político más importante en Cuba: El 1 de Mayo a través de una década (2009 - 2019). 2) Reclamando la patria a través de la bandera: La muerte de Fidel y momentos de transcendencia histórica. 3) La bandera en el deporte: Yulieski vs Orlando: deporte, pasión y nación. 4) Historia de la bandera: una historia de lucha independentista. 5) Bandera - Revolución - Estado: redefiniendo la nación a través de sus símbolos.
El sindicalista infiltrado. El trabajo en la nueva esclavitud, de Raúl García Agudo
Authors: Mansilla López José A.
Published: July 2024

En mis clases de antropología suele salir a relucir la película Brubaker. Para aquellos y aquellas que no la conozcan, Brubaker, protagonizada por Robert Redford, pertenece a esa serie de producciones estadounidenses de los años 70 con cierta conciencia social. Las movilizaciones que condujeron a la aprobación de la Ley de Derechos Civiles de 1964, así como los cambios culturales acontecidos durante esa misma década, con el apogeo del 68 como epítome representativo, continuaron durante buena parte de los siguientes años con manifestaciones en la música, la literatura, los cómics o el cine. Surgen entonces gran cantidad de autores y autoras cinematográficos que van más allá del relato típico del sueño americano para relatar las historias de los pueblos nativos norteamericanos (Little Big Man, con Dustin Hoffman, de 1970), el papel de la mujer en las luchas de los movimientos sociales y sindicatos (Norma Rae, con Sally Field, de 1979) o la dureza y crueldad, así como la falta de derechos, que se vivía dentro del sistema penitenciario estadounidense (La leyenda del indomable, con Paul Newman, de 1967). Del año 1980 es el libro del historiador marxista Howard Zinn (1997), La otra historia de los Estados Unidos, donde el autor cuenta los 200 años de existencia del país no en base a sus relatos míticos llenos de padres fundadores y grandes batallas, sino en la de las luchas de los grupos sociales tradicionalmente excluidos y explotados.
A simulation of diffraction patterns using a lock-in detection code
Authors: Kolmanovsky M. , Hill T. , Kim W. J.
Published: July 2024

We show that diffraction patterns can be directly simulated by a computer program implementing a lock-in algorithm. The two distinct physical topics, namely, single-slit diffraction and lock-in detection, are juxtaposed to highlight the common underlying physical principle in the context of the power spectrum of source signals arising from Fourier analysis.
Four interacting spins: Addition of angular momenta, spin–spin correlation functions, and entanglement
Authors: dos Santos Raimundo R. , Oliveira Lucas Alves , Costa Natanael C.
Published: July 2024

We study four spins on a ring coupled through competing Heisenberg interactions between nearest neighbors, J, and next-nearest neighbors, J2≡αJ>0. From the pedagogical point of view, dealing with few spins illustrates how to add more than two angular momenta in a systematic way. The spectrum is obtained by using the rules for addition of four angular momenta, which allows us to follow the evolution of the ground state with α, characterized by level crossings and by spin–spin correlation functions. The reduced number of spins also allows us to illustrate how to quantify bipartite entanglement.
Understanding two-dimensional tractor magnets: Theory and realizations
Authors: Adams Michael P.
Published: July 2024

We present a comparative investigation of two-dimensional tractor magnet configurations, analyzing both theoretical predictions and experimental results with a focus on the minimal tractor magnet. The minimal tractor magnet consists of a rigid assembly of one attracting magnet (attractor), two repelling magnets (repulsors), and a fourth magnet (follower) that is magnetically stabilized in a local energy minimum. The theoretical framework relies on magnetostatics and stability analysis of stationary equilibria. To calculate the magnetostatic force and energy, we use a multipole method. In a first approximation, we derive analytical results from the point dipole approximation. The point dipole analysis defines an upper bound criterion for the magnetic moment ratio and provides analytical expressions for stability bounds in relation to geometry parameters. Our experimental results are consistent with the predictions from the fourth-order multipole expansion. Beyond the minimal tractor magnet, we introduce a more advanced configuration that allows for a higher magnetic binding energy and follower capture at larger distances.
Ring around the mitochondria
Authors: Wong Wei
Published: July 2024

Hexokinase 1 forms constricting rings around mitochondria that prevent fission induced by energy stress.
Prospective study of
Candida auris
nucleic acids in wastewater solids in 190 wastewater treatment plants in the United States suggests widespread occurrence
Authors: Zulli Alessandro , Chan Elana M. G. , Shelden Bridgette , Duong Dorothea , Xu Xiang-Ru S. , White Bradley J. , Wolfe Marlene K. , Boehm Alexandria B.
Published: July 2024

Candida auris
is an emerging, multidrug-resistant fungal pathogen that poses a significant public health threat in healthcare settings. Despite yearly clinical cases rapidly increasing from 77 to 8,131 in the last decade, surveillance data on its distribution and prevalence remain limited. We implemented a novel assay for
C. auris
detection on a nationwide scale prospectively from September 2023 to March 2024, analyzing a total of 13,842 samples from 190 wastewater treatment plants across 41 U.S. states. Assays were extensively validated through comparison to other known assays and internal controls. Of these 190 wastewater treatment plants,
C. auris
was detected in the wastewater solids of 65 of them (34.2%) with 1.45% of all samples having detectable levels of
C. auris
nucleic-acids. Detections varied seasonally, with 2.00% of samples positive in autumn vs 1.01% in winter (
P
< 0.0001). The frequency of detection in wastewater was significantly associated with states having older populations (
P
< 0.001), sewersheds containing more hospitals (
P
< 0.0001), and sewersheds containing more nursing homes (
P
< 0.001). These associations are in agreement with known
C. auris
epidemiology. This nationwide study demonstrates the viability of wastewater surveillance for
C. auris
surveillance and further highlights the value of wastewater surveillance when clinical testing is constrained.

IMPORTANCE

This study highlights the viability of wastewater surveillance when dealing with emerging pathogens. By leveraging an existing framework of wastewater surveillance, we reveal the widespread presence of
C. auris
in the United States. We further demonstrate that these wastewater detections are consistent with demographic factors relevant to
C. auris
epidemiology like age and number of hospitals or nursing homes. As
C. auris
and other pathogens continue to emerge, the low-cost and rapid nature of wastewater surveillance will provide public health officials with the information necessary to enact targeted prevention and control strategies.
Rooting natural climate solutions in Wahkohtowin through Indigenous guardianship: insights from a youth-led initiative in Northern Ontario, Canada
Authors: Powell Lara , Quakegesic Amberly , McCulloch Elena , Allen Isabelle , Bradshaw Ben
Published: July 2024

In recent years, increasing attention has been directed to “natural climate solutions” to mitigate climate change through the protection, restoration, and improved management of carbon-storing ecosystems. In practice, Indigenous Peoples have been implementing natural climate solutions for millennia through land stewardship. As Indigenous nations and communities in Canada reassert stewardship roles through Indigenous Guardians programs, the question arises: what possibilities emerge when natural climate solutions are driven by Guardians, guided by multifaceted community priorities and Indigenous knowledge? This paper responds to this question, drawing upon collaborative research with Wahkohtowin Development, a social enterprise based in Treaty 9 territory (Ontario, Canada), made up of Chapleau Cree First Nation, Missanabie Cree First Nation, and Brunswick House First Nation. We engaged youth Guardians in workshops that generated insights on the role of youth, cross-cultural collaboration, and holistic conceptualizations of climate action rooted in Indigenous ontologies (such as the Cree philosophy of wahkohtowin, embodying kinship and interconnectedness). Our analysis reveals that Indigenous Guardians are well positioned to advance natural climate solutions and to do so in an integrative manner that addresses intersecting challenges—with benefits for communities, ecosystems, climate action, and reconciliation.