bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Higher relevance of mechanical determinants for short-distance performance and metabolic determinants for middle-distance performance in female adolescent swimmers at national level
Authors: Keller Sebastian , Wahl Patrick
Published: February 2025

The study investigated associations of metabolic, anthropometric, and neuromuscular parameters with 50 to 400 m front crawl performance. Competition performances of 24 female swimmers (14.9 ± 1.3 years) were recorded and metabolic determinants (maximal oxygen uptake and lactate accumulation [ċLamax], cost of swimming [C], and lactate threshold 1 [LT1] using 200 m all-out, 20 s sprint, 500 m submaximal, and 3 min incremental test, respectively), anthropometry and dryland strength (squat and bench press 1 repetition maximum [1RMSQ/1RMBP] and mean propulsive power [MPPSQ/MPPBP]) were assessed. 1RMSQ (61.9 ± 13.3 kg) and MPPBP (207 ± 45 W) correlated significantly with 50 (1.84 ± 0.07 m∙s−1) and 100 m performance (1.68 ± 0.06 m∙s−1) (r ≥ 0.45) and ċLamax (0.35 ± 0.12 mmol·L−1·s−1) and body mass (60.1 ± 7.0 kg) with 50 and 100 m, respectively (r ≥ 0.44). Only LT1 (1.23 ± 0.04 m∙s−1) correlated significantly with 200 (1.52 ± 0.05 m∙s−1) and 400 m performance (1.43 ± 0.06 m∙s−1) (r ≥ 0.56). Multiple regression explained 33–35% and 61–86% of the variance in short- and middle-distance performance based on 1RMSQ and arm span and LT1, C, and fat percentage, respectively. Based on the analyses, mechanical determinants are more predictive of short- and metabolic determinants of middle-distance performance.
Ligand-receptor interactions combined with histopathology for improved prognostic modeling in HPV-negative head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Feng Bohai , Zhao Di , Zhang Zheng , Jia Ru , Schuler Patrick J. , Hess Jochen
Published: February 2025

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSC) is a prevalent malignancy, with HPV-negative tumors exhibiting aggressive behavior and poor prognosis. Understanding the intricate interactions within the tumor microenvironment (TME) is crucial for improving prognostic models and identifying therapeutic targets. Using BulkSignalR, we identified ligand-receptor interactions in HPV-negative TCGA-HNSC cohort (n = 395). A prognostic model incorporating 14 ligand-receptor pairs was developed using random forest survival analysis and LASSO-penalized Cox regression based on overall survival and progression-free interval of HPV-negative tumors from TCGA-HNSC. Multi-omics analysis revealed distinct molecular features between risk groups, including differences in extracellular matrix remodeling, angiogenesis, immune infiltration, and APOBEC enzyme activity. Deep learning-based tissue morphology analysis on HE-stained whole slide images further improved risk stratification, with region selection via Silicon enhancing accuracy. The integration of routine histopathology with deep learning and multi-omics data offers a clinically accessible tool for precise risk stratification, facilitating personalized treatment strategies in HPV-negative HNSC.
Identification of coevolving positions by ancestral reconstruction
Authors: Nelson Michael G. , Talavera David
Published: February 2025

Coevolution within proteins occurs when changes in one position affect the selective pressure in another position to preserve the protein structure or function. The identification of coevolving positions within proteins remains contentious, with most methods disregarding the phylogenetic information. Here, we present a time-efficient approach for detecting coevolving pairs, which is almost perfect in terms of precision and specificity. It is based on maximum parsimony-based ancestral reconstruction followed by the identification of pairs with a depletion on separate changes when compared to their number of concurrent changes. Our analysis of a previously characterised biological dataset shows that the coevolving pairs that we identified tend to be close in the protein sequence and structure, slightly less solvent exposed and have a higher mutation rate. We also show how the ancestral reconstruction can be used to detect favourable and unfavourable amino acid combinations. Altogether, we demonstrate how this approach is essential for identifying pairs of positions with weak covariation patterns.
The type of carbon source not the growth rate it supports can determine diauxie in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Huo Yu , Danecka Weronika , Farquhar Iseabail , Mailliet Kim , Moses Tessa , Wallace Edward W. J. , Swain Peter S.
Published: February 2025

How cells choose between carbon sources is a classic example of cellular decision-making. Microbes often prioritise glucose, but there has been little investigation of whether other sugars are also preferred. Here we study budding yeast growing on mixtures of sugars with palatinose, a sucrose isomer that cells catabolise with the MAL regulon. We find that the decision-making involves more than carbon flux-sensing: yeast prioritise galactose over palatinose, but sucrose and fructose weakly if at all despite each allowing faster growth than palatinose. With genetic perturbations and transcriptomics, we show that the regulation is active with repression of the MAL genes via Gal4, the GAL regulon’s master regulator. We argue, using mathematical modelling, that cells enforce their preference for galactose through weakening the MAL regulon’s positive feedback. They do so through decreasing intracellular palatinose by repressing MAL11, the palatinose transporter, and expressing the isomaltases IMA1 and IMA5. Supporting these predictions, we show that deleting IMA1 abolishes diauxie. Our results demonstrate that budding yeast actively prioritises carbon sources other than glucose and that such priorities need not reflect differences in growth rates. They imply that carbon-sensing strategies even in model organisms are more complex than previously thought.
Metastable phase-separated droplet generation and long-time DNA enrichment by laser-induced Soret effect
Authors: Kobayashi Mika , Minagawa Yoshihiro , Noji Hiroyuki
Published: February 2025

Spatiotemporally controlled laser-induced phase separation (LIPS) offers unique research avenues and has potential for biological and biomedical applications. However, LIPS conditions often have drawbacks for practical use, which limit their applications. For instance, LIPS droplets are unstable and diminish after the laser is terminated. Here, we developed a novel LIPS method using laser-induced Soret effect with a simple setup to solve these problems. We generate liquid-liquid phase-separated (LLPS) droplets using LIPS in an aqueous two-phase system (ATPS) of dextran (DEX) and polyethylene glycol (PEG). When DEX-rich droplets were generated in the DEX/PEG mix on the phase boundary, the droplets showed unprecedently high longevity; the DEX droplets were retained over 48 h. This counterintuitive behaviour suggests that the droplet is in an unknown metastable state. By exploiting the capability of DEX-rich droplets to enrich nucleic acid polymers, we achieved stable DNA enrichment in LIPS DEX droplets with a high enrichment factor of 1400 ± 400. Further, we patterned DNA-carrying DEX-rich droplets into a designed structure to demonstrate the stability and spatiotemporal controllability of DEX-rich droplet formation. This is the first report for LIPS droplet generation in a DEX/PEG system, opening new avenues for biological and medical applications of LIPS.
Aspergillus fumigatus mitogenomes and their influence on azole-resistant and -susceptible populations
Authors: Delbaje Endrews , Pontes Laís , Rhodes Johanna , Steenwyk Jacob , Lu Ling , dos Reis Thaila F. , Rokas Antonis , Goldman Gustavo H.
Published: February 2025

The role of the fungal mitochondria goes far beyond energy metabolism. The genomes of 318 Aspergillus fumigatus clinical and environmental isolates from different geographic origins were analyzed aiming to study the mitochondrial sequences from populations sensitive and resistant to azoles. Our results show that A. fumigatus mitogenomic sequences are very conserved and only show variation in small intergenic regions and one intronic sequence in the cox3 gene. Furthermore, a genome-wide association analysis of accessory mitochondrial genes revealed potential mitochondria-based genotypes that may interact synergistically with the ergosterol biosynthesis pathway to confer the resistant phenotype. This includes a mutation in the AMID-like mitochondrial oxidoreductase (aifA, AFUA_3G01290) and the absence of the mitochondrial carrier protein (pet8, AFUA_8G01400). Deletion of these genes did not change the azole-susceptibility but increased the azole-persistence, suggesting mitochondrial genes could be involved in azole-persistence. Our work opens new hypotheses for the involvement of mitochondria in A. fumigatus azole-resistance.
Bugs in the system: the logic of insect farming research is flawed by unfounded assumptions
Authors: Biteau Corentin , Bry-Chevalier Tom , Crummett Dustin , Ryba Ren , St. Jules Michael
Published: February 2025

Insect farming is frequently proposed as an emerging industry that can improve the environmental and economic sustainability of the food system. However, existing research often overlooks significant challenges. In this article, we identify three bugs in the scientific literature on insect farming: (1) the overreliance on a handful of old studies when discussing environmental impacts; (2) the pervasive assumption that insect farms will utilise food waste; and (3) the reliance on theoretical price projections that do not hold up under commercial conditions. We then discuss how promising technologies, despite their theoretical benefits, often encounter social and material challenges in practice. Debugging the literature will involve producing more realistic life-cycle assessments, which will provide policymakers and industry with the data needed to make informed decisions for a truly sustainable food system.
Ubiquitous MEIS transcription factors actuate lineage-specific transcription to establish cell fate
Authors: Darieva Zoulfia , Zarrineh Peyman , Phillips Naomi , Mallen Joshua , Garcia Mora Araceli , Donaldson Ian , Bridoux Laure , Douglas Megan , Dias Henriques Sara F , Schulte Dorothea , Birket Matthew J , Bobola Nicoletta
Published: February 2025

Control of gene expression is commonly mediated by distinct combinations of transcription factors (TFs). This cooperative action allows the integration of multiple biological signals at regulatory elements, resulting in highly specific gene expression patterns. It is unclear whether combinatorial binding is also necessary to bring together TFs with distinct biochemical functions, which collaborate to effectively recruit and activate RNA polymerase II. Using a cardiac differentiation model, we find that the largely ubiquitous homeodomain proteins MEIS act as actuators, fully activating transcriptional programs selected by lineage-restricted TFs. Combinatorial binding of MEIS with lineage-enriched TFs, GATA, and HOX, provides selectivity, guiding MEIS to function at cardiac-specific enhancers. In turn, MEIS TFs promote the accumulation of the methyltransferase KMT2D to initiate lineage-specific enhancer commissioning. MEIS combinatorial binding dynamics, dictated by the changing dosage of its partners, drive cells into progressive stages of differentiation. Our results uncover tissue-specific transcriptional activation as the result of ubiquitous actuator TFs harnessing general transcriptional activator at tissue-specific enhancers, to which they are directed by binding with lineage- and domain-specific TFs.
An Experimental and Theoretical Study of the Photoionization Properties of Polysulfanes (H2Sn, n = 2 – 4)
Authors: Li Zhibiao , Yang Jianchao , Gong Xinyue , Zheng Weijun , Zhu Chongqin , Zhu Cheng
Published: February 2025

We prepared polysulfanes (H2Sn, n = 2 to 4) via photon irradiation of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) ices and measured their photoionization efficiency spectra. The ionization energies of H2S2, H2S3 and...
ADEL: Automated Drop-cast Electrode Setup for High-throughput Screening of Battery Materials
Authors: Ismail Maha , Cabañero Marian Angeles , Orive Joseba , Babulal Lakshmipriya Musuvadhi , Garcia Javier , Morant-Miñana Maria Carmen , Dauvergne Jean-Luc , Bonilla Francisco J. , Monterrubio Iciar , Carrasco Javier , Saracibar Amaia , Reynaud Marine
Published: February 2025

Screening electrode materials in conventional battery research is time-consuming due to the lengthy and intricate preparation process, where multiple parameters directly influence electrochemical performance. In this work, we present ADEL,...
The investigation of Co6-xFexW6N (x =0, 3, 6) as Electrocatalysts for the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Sun Youyi , Yang Zhengxin , Li Weihao , Ganin Alexey Y.
Published: February 2025

Proton exchange membrane (PEM) water electrolysers are considered the most promising devices for hydrogen production when operated in tandem with renewable energy sources. However, their efficiency depends on catalysts used...
Modelling of the multicellular tumor microenvironment of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) on a fit-for-purpose biochip for preclinical drug discovery
Authors: Deipenbrock Alina , Wilmes Ben Eric , Sommermann Thomas , Abdo Nader , Moustakas Kyra , Raasch Martin , Rennert Knut , Teusch Nicole E.
Published: February 2025

The described spheroid-on-chip model combines drug testing and immune cell infiltration, allowing the evaluation of novel therapeutic strategies by mimicking and targeting the complex tumor microenvironment (TME) of PDAC.
Discovery of magnetic field line dependent anisotropic chemiresistive response in Magnetite: A new piece to the puzzle of magnetoreception
Authors: Rudra Pratyasha , Mondal Swastik
Published: February 2025

Chemiresistive materials, which alter their electrical resistance in response to interactions with surrounding chemicals, are valued for their robustness, rapid detection ability and high sensitivity. Recent research has revealed that...
Energy harvesting from clothing
Authors: Wang Shuting , Lu Fuqi , Guan Wenhui , You Zhongyuan , Liao Bin , Huang Meidong , Li Yunliang , Fang Weihai , Liu Ying
Published: February 2025

This work introduces a novel energy harvesting technique that generates electrical energy via sliding a zein film assembly on the surface of clothing and utilizing zein/cloth direct current triboelectric nanogenerators (DC-TENGs).
Boride-mediated and carbon nanotube-scaffolded synthesis of cobalt-based electrocatalyst for efficient and stable alkaline hydrogen evolution at industrial-scale current density
Authors: Wang Runze , Ren Yanmei , Wen He , Chen Zhengjun , Wang Ping
Published: February 2025

The Co/CoO/CNT/CF catalyst prepared by this novel method exhibited outstanding HER performance in an alkaline electrolyte, outperforming Pt/C and most alkaline HER catalysts hitherto reported.
Trinuclear cylinder-like potential anticancer and antibacterial Cu(i), Ag(i) and Au(i) nano-sized cationic complexes with tris-NHC ligands: cationic M3 metal cluster displaying positive or negative cooperativity in triad [L2(R)6→M3]3+ complexes?
Authors: Naeimi Khadijeh , Bayat Mehdi , Alavi Pour Ehsan
Published: February 2025

N-Heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) are a class of organic molecules containing a divalent carbon atom, known as a carbene, within a heterocyclic (ring) structure where nitrogen atoms (N) form part of the ring.
Electrospun antimicrobial poly(lactic acid) foams with nanocellulose for enhanced hydrophilicity and controlled drug release
Authors: Sleinus Daira , Lovato María José , Platnieks Oskars , Sabalina Alisa , Gaidukovs Sergejs , Franco Lourdes , Puiggalí Jordi , del Valle Luis J.
Published: February 2025

This study explores an advanced approach to enhancing the antimicrobial efficacy and drug release of poly(lactic acid) (PLA) scaffolds through the strategic incorporation of cellulose nanocrystals (CNC).
Nanorod-assembled urchin-like molybdenum–manganese oxide heterostructure with enhanced oxygen vacancies as a cathode for quasi solid state zinc-ion batteries
Authors: Mao Jianjiang , Li Xinxin , Huang Yu , Zhu Chengyu , Yu Fengshou , Cheng Fei
Published: February 2025

Nanorod-assembled urchin-like MoO3–MnO2 cathode materials are fabricated using MoO3 nanobelts as the starting material through a self-assembly strategy.
Proximity-induced DNA Ag NCs enhancement with DNA-fueled molecule machine for lung-associated miRNA detection
Authors: Lan Yiting , Chang Ruirui , Zhang Wei , Qiu Dengxue , Liang Chengtong , Huang Jin , Xu Qin , Li Jing
Published: February 2025

Hairpin DNA-templated Ag NC is atypically synthesized. Intriguingly, this dark Ag NC can be activated to emit strong red fluorescence when its hairpin structure is opened by complementary DNA. Building...
Polyoxometalates for the Catalytic Reduction of Nitrogen Oxide and Derivatives: From Novel Structures to Functional Applications
Authors: Jiang Yuan , Chen Chunjun , Li Ke , Cui Li-Ping , Chen Jiajia
Published: February 2025

Nitrogen oxide and its derivatives, including nitroaromatic hydrocarbons and various other nitro compounds, are commonly used in industrial applications such as synthesizing drugs, dyes, pesticides, and explosives. However, these compounds...
Efficient Synthesis of Au36(SR)24 Nanoclusters via Cluster-From-Cluster Approach
Authors: Lin Yan-Yan , Nan Zi-Ang , Lei Zhen , Wang Quan-Ming
Published: February 2025

Monodisperse gold nanoclusters are a new branch of nanomaterials with atomically precise molecular structures. Recently, we have developed a “cluster-from-cluster” approach to assemble gold nanoclusters [Au25(SR)18]- (Au25) via atomically precise...
Current Age and Language Use Impact Speech-in-Noise Differently for Monolingual and Bilingual Adults
Authors: Bieber Rebecca E. , Phillips Ian , Ellis Gregory M. , Brungart Douglas S.
Published: February 2025

Purpose:

Some bilinguals may exhibit lower performance when recognizing speech in noise (SiN) in their second language (L2) compared to monolinguals in their first language. Poorer performance has been found mostly for late bilinguals (L2 acquired after childhood) listening to sentences containing linguistic context and less so for simultaneous/early bilinguals (L2 acquired during childhood) and when testing context-free stimuli. However, most previous studies tested younger participants, meaning little is known about interactions with age; the purpose of this study was to address this gap.

Method:

Context-free SiN understanding was measured via the Modified Rhyme Test (MRT) in 3,803 young and middle-aged bilingual and monolingual adults (ages 18–57 years; 19.6% bilinguals, all L2 English) with normal to near-normal hearing. Bilingual adults included simultaneous (
n
= 462), early (
n
= 185), and late (
n
= 97) bilinguals. Performance on the MRT was measured with both accuracy and response time. A self-reported measure of current English use was also collected for bilinguals to evaluate its impact on MRT performance.

Results:

Current age impacted MRT accuracy scores differently for each listener group. Relative to monolinguals, simultaneous and early bilinguals showed decreased performance with older age. Response times slowed with increasing current age at similar rates for all groups, despite faster overall response times for monolinguals. Among all bilingual listeners, greater current English language use predicted higher MRT accuracy. For simultaneous bilinguals, greater English use was associated with faster response times.

Conclusions:

SiN outcomes in bilingual adults are impacted by age at time of testing and by fixed features of their language history (i.e., age of acquisition) as well as language practices, which can shift over time (i.e., current language use). Results support routine querying of language history and use in the audiology clinic.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.28405430
Quantifying the detection likelihood of faint peaks in interferometric data through jackknifing. Test application on finding z>10 galaxy candidates
Authors: van Marrewijk Joshiwa , Kaasinen Melanie , Popping Gerg"o , Di Mascolo Luca , Mroczkowski Tony , Boogaard Leindert , Valentino Francesco , Bakx Tom , Yoon Ilsang
Published: February 2025

False-positive emission-line detections bias our understanding of astronomical sources; for example, falsely identifying z∼3-4 passive galaxies as z>10 galaxies leads to incorrect number counts and flawed tests of cosmology. In this work, we provide a novel but simple tool to better quantify the detection of faint lines in interferometric data sets and properly characterize the underlying noise distribution. We demonstrate the method on three sets of archival observations of z>10 galaxy candidates, taken with the Atacama Large Millimeter/Submillimeter Array (ALMA). By jackknifing the visibilities using our tool jackknify we create observation-specific noise realizations of the interferometric measurement set. We apply a line-finding algorithm to both the noise cubes and the real data and determine the likelihood that any given positive peak is a real signal by taking the ratio of the two sampled probability distributions. We show that the previously reported, tentative emission-line detections of these z>10 galaxy candidates are consistent with noise. We further expand upon the technique and demonstrate how to properly incorporate prior information on the redshift of the candidate from auxiliary data, such as from the James Webb Space Telescope. Our work highlights the need to achieve a significance of ≳ 5σ to confirm an emission line when searching in broad 30 GHz bandwidths. Using our publicly available method enables the quantification of false detection likelihoods, which are crucial for accurately interpreting line detections.
Verpflegung: Hier kocht ein Roboter
Authors: Kucera Martin
Published: February 2025

Seit Ende Mai setzt Tübingen als weltweit erstes Universitätsklinikum eine Roboterküche ein. Das Zusatzangebot richtet sich vor allem an Schichtarbeitende, bietet aber auch ambulanten Patienten und Gästen außerhalb der Öffnungszeiten von Betriebsrestaurants und Cafeterien warme Mahlzeiten.
Strategien zur Bindung migrierter Gesundheitsfachkräfte in
Deutschland – Erkenntnisse aus 14 Jahren Forschung
Authors: Jansen Eva Maria , Peppler Lisa
Published: February 2025

Der ärztliche und pflegerische Personalmangel im Gesundheitswesen in Deutschland
wird vielfach durch den Einsatz von Fachkräften aus dem Ausland ausgeglichen.
Dies geht jedoch mit verschiedenen Herausforderungen einher. Dazu gehören zum
Beispiel Kommunikations- und Sprachschwierigkeiten sowie mangelndes Verständnis
von administrativen und bürokratischen Prozessen. Mit Hilfe einer narrativen
Literaturanalyse kombiniert mit der Darstellung eigener Forschungsergebnisse
synthetisiert dieser Artikel Herausforderungen aus 14 Jahren Forschung und
insgesamt sechs Forschungsprojekten in diesem Bereich. Weiterhin schlägt er
Ansätze zur Lösung vor, die sich sowohl in der Praxis in Deutschland als auch im
internationalen Setting bewährt haben.
One-Pot Synthesis of Benzo[g]indazole via Suzuki-Miyaura Coupling and Aldol Condensation Cascade Reaction
Authors: Ko Hye Seung , Jeoung Re Gin , Kang Nam Sook , Heo Jung-Nyoung
Published: February 2025

A highly efficient one-pot synthesis of benzo[g]indazole derivatives has been achieved through a cascade Suzuki-Miyaura coupling and aldol condensation reaction. Using Pd(OAc)2 and S-Phos as the catalytic system, the reaction delivered excellent yields and showed broad tolerance for various substituents on 2-formylphenylboronic acids. Moreover, this method was successfully applied to the synthesis of benzo[g]indazol-5-carbonitrile and pyrazolo[4,3-h]quinoline-5-carbonitrile by altering coupling partners. This versatile protocol offers a straightforward and effective method for synthesizing biologically significant heterocyclic compounds.
Impact initiated chemical energy release of TiZr-based reactive high-entropy alloy
Authors: Sheng Donglin , Li Tong , Zhang Weihan , Chen Yan , Tan Yuanyuan , Wang Haiying , Dai Lanhong
Published: February 2025

Reactive structural materials, combining the outstanding mechanical properties and significant chemical energy-release characteristic, have a wide range of critical applications in the defense and energy fields. However, it remains challenging to achieve a synergy between high mechanical strength over 1 GPa and outstanding chemical energy release of reactive structural materials upon impact. Here, a novel TiZrHfNbAl reactive high-entropy alloy (R-HEA) possessing a monolithically body-centered cubic structure was synthesized with remarkable dynamic strength (∼1120 MPa) and superior energy-release performance [∼0.33 MPa assessed via vented chamber calorimetry in direct ballistic tests]. Utilizing high-speed photography, we developed a new method based on image processing to ascertain the characteristic time of energy release. After ballistic tests, the reaction products were collected and scrutinized. It was found that an increase in impact velocity resulted in a greater fraction of smaller fragments, signifying a thoroughly complete reaction. Utilization of x-ray diffractometers, along with energy-dispersive analysis, we facilitated the detection of fragments of varied sizes at differing velocities. The outcomes suggested that the energy-release pathway of TiZrHfNbAl R-HEA primarily revolved around redox reaction and intermetallic reactions, particularly, with a unique mechanism of micro-explosion.
Circularly polarized cavity mode emission from quantum dots in a semiconductor three-dimensional chiral photonic crystal
Authors: Takahashi S. , Kinuta Y. , Ito S. , Onishi H. , Yamashita K. , Tatebayashi J. , Iwamoto S. , Arakawa Y.
Published: February 2025

We experimentally demonstrated a circularly polarized cavity mode in a GaAs-based chiral photonic crystal (PhC) containing a planar defect. Low-temperature photoluminescence measurements of InAs quantum dots (QDs) embedded in the planar defect revealed a polarization bandgap for left-handed circularly polarized light in the near-infrared spectrum. Within this bandgap, where the QDs preferably emitted right-handed circularly polarized light, we observed a distinct cavity mode peak characterized by left-handed circular polarization (CP). This observation indicates that the chiral PhC modifies the optical density of states for left-handed circular polarization to be suppressed in the polarization bandgap and be largely enhanced at the cavity mode. The results obtained may not only provide photonic devices such as compact circularly polarized light sources but also promote strong coupling between circularly polarized photons and excitons in solid states or molecules, paving the way for advancements in polaritonics, spintronics, and quantum information technology.
Chemical potential and variable number of particles control the quantum state: Quantum oscillators as a showcase
Authors: Reible Benedikt M. , Djurdjevac Ana , Delle Site Luigi
Published: February 2025

Despite their simplicity, quantum harmonic oscillators are ubiquitous in the modeling of physical systems. They are able to capture universal properties that serve as references for the more complex systems found in nature. In this spirit, we apply a model of a Hamiltonian for open quantum systems in equilibrium with a particle reservoir to ensembles of quantum oscillators. By treating (i) a dilute gas of vibrating particles and (ii) a chain of coupled oscillators as showcases, we demonstrate that the property of varying numbers of particles leads to a mandatory condition on the energy of the system. In particular, the chemical potential plays the role of a parameter of control that can externally manipulate the spectrum of a system and the corresponding accessible quantum states.
Defects induce phase transition from dynamic to static rippling in graphene
Authors: Thiemann Fabian L. , Scalliet Camille , Müller Erich A. , Michaelides Angelos
Published: February 2025

Two-dimensional (2D) materials display nanoscale dynamic ripples that significantly impact their properties. Defects within the crystal lattice are the elementary building blocks to tailor the material’s morphology. While some studies have explored the link between defective structures and rippling dynamics in 2D materials, a comprehensive understanding of this relationship has yet to be achieved. Here, we address this using machine learning-driven molecular dynamics simulations. Specifically, we find that above a critical concentration of defects, free-standing graphene sheets undergo a dynamic transition from freely propagating to static ripples. Our computational approach captures the dynamics with atomic resolution, and reveals that the transition is driven by elastic interactions between defects. The strength of these interactions is found to vary across defect types and we identify a unifying set of principles driving the dynamic-to-static transition in 2D materials. Our work not only rationalizes puzzling experimental results for defective 2D materials, but also paves the way to design two-dimensional devices with tailored rippling dynamics. These insights could lay the foundations for a class of disorder-based catalytic and interfacial materials.
Slow Philosophy in Destination Branding
Authors: Serdane Zanda
Published: February 2025

This case study shows the application of slow philosophy in destination branding from the Destination Marketing Organisations’ (DMOs) perspective and illustrates how a national slow brand has been implemented at the local level. It is based on a qualitative study that used semi-structured in-depth interviews with DMOs’ representatives in Latvia where the slow philosophy was embedded in the national tourism brand “Latvia. Best enjoyed slowly” between 2010 and 2018. The case study demonstrates that while the slow brand has the potential to become iconic for a destination, the main challenge lies in its capability to represent a shared collective identity for larger destinations. Hence, the slow brand is more easily applied to cities, towns, or regions rather than nations. The case study provides practical recommendations for destination marketers willing to use the slow philosophy in destination marketing. The slow brand can be used in place branding if destination marketers can resolve its inclusivity and compatibility with other destination brands.

Information

© The Author 2025
High-Quality Single-Pixel Imaging Based on Large-Kernel Convolution under Low-Sampling Conditions
Authors: Yuan Chenyu , Su Yuanhao , Wang Chunfang
Published: February 2025

In recent years, deep learning has been introduced into the field of Single-pixel imaging (SPI), garnering significant attention. However, conventional networks still exhibit limitations in preserving image details. To address this issue, we integrate Large Kernel Convolution (LKconv) into the U-Net framework, proposing an enhanced network structure named U-LKconv network, which significantly enhances the capability to recover image details even under low sampling conditions. Compared to conventional deep learning networks, the U-LKconv network can reconstruct images with higher Signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and more detailed features at the same sampling rate. Specifically, at a sampling rate of 4.8%, our method achieves peak performance, with a PSNR of 28.41 dB and an SSIM of 0.852 during the tests, surpassing the performance of other comparison methods, the superiority of the proposed method is also validated in experiment. Additionally, our approach demonstrates a faster convergence rate compared to other deep learning networks, requiring only 30 epochs for network convergence. Consequently, U-LKconv network can be addressed as an exceptionally advantageous solution, not only in terms of image fidelity and robustness but also due to its significant computational efficiency, which makes it highly applicable in the field of low-sampling SPI and drives the practicalization of single-pixel imaging.
Strong electron temperature stiffness induced by broad-band turbulence in high poloidal beta plasmas on EAST
Authors: Chen Fei , Hu Yunchan , Li Yadong , Wang Xiaojie , Li Pan , Geng Jingsen , Sun ning , Sun Pengjun , Zhang Tao , Li Erzhong , Zhou Tianfu , Zhao Hailin , Zang Qing , Chu Yuqi , Wang Shouxin , Liu Haiqing , Jin Yifei , Lyu Bo , Wang Guoxu , Ye Lei , Gong Xianzu , Li Jiangang
Published: February 2025

We report observations of strong electron temperature profile stiffness in high poloidal beta (β_p~2) plasmas on EAST for the first time. Key features of this regime include: (1) Negligible contributions to stored energy and electron temperature from additional auxilliary heating power; and (2) a rapid increase of core broad-band turbulence (k_θ ρ_s~1-5,f~0-2000kHz) monitored by Collective Thomson Scatteing (CTS) diagnostic system. Notably, no significant increase in impurities or MHD activities are observed during this process. This strong stiffness can be interpreted as a nonlinear increase in turbulent thermal flux when temperature gradients exceed a critical threshold. Gyro-kinetic simulations show that Collisionless Trapped-Electron-Mode (CTEM) is responsible for the broad-band turbulence observed in the core, and the experimental electron heat fluxes could be well matched by the nonlinear electromagnetic simulations. This finding highlights the advantages of using CTS to detect microturbulence in the core of high-density plasmas, allowing for immediate identification of profile stiffness induced by turbulence.
Exploring changes in the static multipole polarizabilities of hydrogen atoms in Coulomb plus inverse square root potential
Authors: Xie Hongxia , Zhang Yongzhi
Published: February 2025

Polarizability is an important physical quantity that measures the electronic structure of an atomic molecule under the influence of an external electric field. Inspired by the work of A.M. Ishkhanyan and Pablo Serra, the authors have proposed to probe the atomic properties in the 1-5s state of free hydrogen atoms at criticality in Coulomb plus inverse square root potential. We have numerically calculated the polarizability with high accuracy in this work with the generalized pseudospectral method, which is a globally based configuration method with strong superiority in calculating the one-electron system. It allows numerical results to be obtained with high accuracy while ensuring the convergence of the results. Currently, the results of calculations of multipole polarizabilities of free hydrogen atoms in Coulomb plus inverse square root potential are all scarce, and most of them suffer from insufficient calculation accuracy. Therefore, it is expected that the results of this work could provide some accurate numerical results to fill the current data gap.
Analysis and research on the movement behavior of dust particles during powder feeding
Authors: Zhao Lijuan , Ma Ping , Gao Yu , Li Yongning
Published: February 2025

With the development of industry, the demand for powdered materials has gradually increased. Dust pollution generated during the loading and transportation of powdered materials has become increasingly severe. Silica powder is widely used in chemical production; however, a large amount of dust is generated during the feeding process of silica powder, which can lead to silicosis in workers exposed to it over long periods. To address the issue of substantial dust generation during the feeding of silica powder, this paper analyzes the mechanisms of dust formation and the forces acting on silica powder during the feeding process. Additionally, using the Euler-Lagrange (CFD-DPM) model, the internal flow field of the powder feeding process is simulated, examining the impact of mass flow rate and drop height on dust particle movement behavior. The research results show that dust is formed when the airflow resistance acting on powder particles overcomes their buoyant weight. As the mass flow rate increases, the amount of generated dust also increases. Analyzing dust movement behavior provides an in-depth understanding of dust dispersion patterns and dynamic characteristics, offering a scientific basis for industrial dust removal and reducing dust spread.
Study on the mechanical behavior and collapse resistance of double-casing under gypsum-salt layer
Authors: Wang Yang , Xiang Yi , Zhang Xuelun , Liu Siyan , Jing Jiajia , Chen Yan
Published: February 2025

There are abundant oil and gas resources under the gypsum-salt layer, but its creep characteristics can easily lead to casing damage and affect the normal development of oil and gas wells. However, double-layer casing technology shows potential in dealing with gypsum-salt layer creep, but the in-depth study of its prevention mechanism is insufficient. Given this, a two-dimensional finite element analysis model of the casing, cement sheath, and gypsum-salt layer is constructed in this paper, and the mechanical properties and compressive strength of double casing in the gypsum-salt layer are compared, and the internal mechanism of effectively preventing gypsum-salt layer creep is revealed. Based on the above model, the influence of casing eccentricity on mechanical behavior and extrusion strength of double casing is discussed. The results show that double-layer casing has a better control effect on gypsum-salt layer creep than single-layer casing because double-layer casing can reduce the stress and stress non-uniformity of casing. The influence of casing eccentricity on double-layer casing is negligible, the maximum equivalent stress change is less than 1%, and the extrusion strength only decreases by 0.26% ~ 0.38%.
Experimental research on dual wave shock of shipborne electronic cabinet
Authors: Luo Xiancheng
Published: February 2025

This paper is based on the measured data of the dual wave shock test of an electronic cabinet. Firstly, the dual wave shock test is introduced in detail, the measured data of each key point are analyzed, and the dynamic characteristics of the shock tester, fixture and equipment are studied. Then, the shock spectrum is transformed into the dual wave shock load curve of time history by empirical formula as the simulation input condition, and the modal analysis and impact response analysis of the fixture and the tested equipment are carried out by finite element analysis software. Finally, the structural design of the equipment is optimized several times to obtain the structural design that meets the dual wave shock test condition. This paper has a high reference value for the research ideas of similar equipment against dual wave shock.
Analysis and compensation of deformation impact on vehicle body platform
Authors: Liang Shen
Published: February 2025

To study the law of the impact of vibration impact on the vehicle body platform, a finite element analysis model of the system was established. Combined with the test and numerical simulation calculation, the impact of vibration impact was analyzed. It was pointed out that the elevation angle of tracking measurement was negatively and positively correlated with the platform shape variable of the vehicle body, the pointing of the Actuator was positively correlated with the shape of the vehicle body, and the elements of the Actuator were nonlinear to the deformation of the vehicle body. The error of actuator parameters is larger than that of vehicle shape variables. Based on obtaining the basic law of vehicle body deformation, the compensation method is studied, and a multi-dimensional spatial interpolation method is proposed to carry out a series of compensations for vehicle body deformation data, effectively reducing the impact of vibration. The simulation results show that the proposed method can significantly improve the system’s accuracy and has significant engineering application value.
Study on the bearing capacity of cold-formed thin-walled double-limbed steel lattice columns under eccentric compression about virtual axis with batten plate lacing
Authors: Anthony Muriki Barimba , Jin Lu , Liu Suchuan
Published: February 2025

Cold-formed thin-walled steel is among the materials most frequently used in the building, industry, and transportation fields because of the benefits it offers. These are lightweight, high-strength, environmentally friendly, and sustainable. To address the wide application requirements in practical engineering, the cross-section shapes of cold-formed thin-walled steel have diversified, and the stability issues of its components have always been key concerns in design and application. The behavior of these components is greatly influenced by the equivalent slenderness ratio. However, previous studies have not adequately addressed this issue; the literature lacks a limiting value for the slenderness ranges. This paper proposes a batten plate-laced cold-formed thin-walled double-limbed steel lattice column. Research on the effects of the component’s equivalent slenderness ratio, the cross-section of the primary and secondary hemming length, web width-to-thickness ratio, clear limb spacing distance, and eccentric distance on the lattice column’s eccentric compression performance were conducted. In the final step, the load-axial displacement curve, ultimate bearing capacity, and failure modes of the double-limb lattice column were obtained. The results showed that its eccentric compression performance worsened as the lattice column’s equivalent slenderness ratio increased. The failure mechanism of the latticed columns evolves from local buckling to a hybrid of global and local buckling, eventually developing into a predominantly global buckling failure.
Controlling bubbles position during the ice formation process
Authors: Yu Yingjiao , Kong Lingjie , Yu Yang
Published: February 2025

It is significantly important to make transparent ice blocks or design the microstructure of ice by understanding the mechanism of bubble formation during the ice formation process. A theoretical model has been established to relate the thickness of the bubble-free segment and the solidification rate. A series of ice formation experiments have been done with different solidification rates. The critical saturation ratio of industrial distilled water is calculated as 11.65 by the theoretical model, which is slightly smaller, by measuring the thickness of the bubble-free segment and solidification rate. The explicit expression of bubble-free distance agrees well with the experimental results and numerical solutions. Completely transparent ice blocks are made by controlling the solidification rate guided by the model. It helps to understand the reason why a layered pouring method can increase efficiency.
Analysis of ultimate seismic capacity of full reservoir basin impermeable panel dams
Authors: Guo Dongyun , Sha Guang , Lu Bowen , Lu Yuzhou
Published: February 2025

In this paper, the ultimate seismic capacity of a full reservoir basin impermeable panel dam is analyzed in depth from the aspects of dam slope stability, seismic residual deformation, panel stress, and geomembrane and joint deformation, in combination with conventional ultimate seismic indexes. The key parameters, such as minimum safety factor, cumulative slip, permanent deformation of dam body, panel stress, geomembrane tension, and joint dislocation under different seismic peak accelerations, were calculated using a finite element dynamic time course analysis. The results show that from the perspective of dam slope stability, the ultimate seismic capacity of the full reservoir basin impermeable panel dam is 0.40~0.50 g; from the perspective of dam body seismic subsidence rate, the ultimate seismic capacity is 0.50g~0.60g; and from the perspective of panel safety, the ultimate seismic capacity is likewise 0.50~0.60 g. The research in this paper provides a guide or a reference for the evaluation of the seismic capacity of similar projects.
Modeling and analysis of wave energy generation device using particle swarm optimization algorithm
Authors: Cao Ran
Published: February 2025

This paper studies the maximum power optimization method of swinging buoy wave energy power generation device (PTO system) based on the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm. This device makes the float and the oscillator move relative to each other through the heaving action of the waves, driving the damper to do work and output energy. Based on the wave theory and single-degree-of-freedom damped system model, this paper assumes that seawater is an ideal fluid, establishes a mechanical model of the float and oscillator, and solves the equations of motion through the Runge-Kutta method. The PSO algorithm is then employed, with the damping coefficient serving as the decision variable, to optimize the PTO system’s average output power and determine the maximum power associated with the optimal damping coefficient. The results show that wave height, frequency and floating mass have a significant impact on the system power output, providing a theoretical basis for the optimal design of wave energy power generation devices.
Natural frequencies of axially moving beams with coupled longitudinal–transversal vibrations: Comparison of three methods
Authors: Zhao Jianbo , Tang You-Qi
Published: February 2025

This paper analyzes the coupled vibration problem of viscoelastic beams in axial motion using the Euler-Bernoulli beam theory. A physical model is established that includes parameters such as density, cross-sectional area, elastic modulus, viscoelastic coefficient, support length, and initial axial tension. Based on the generalized Hamiltonian principle, a set of motion equations in coupled transverse and longitudinal forms is derived. The equations are simplified using dimensionless variables and applying simply supported boundary conditions. Numerical simulations are conducted using the Differential Quadrature (DQ) method, the Modified Weight Coefficient method, and the Galerkin truncation method. The first two frequencies are compared for the three methods at transverse and longitudinal truncation orders M=N=8. It is found that the first frequency matches well, while the second frequency shows deviations in the DQ method. Adjusting the order improves the results.
Analysis of algebraic and geometric ideas in infinite series
Authors: Chen Qiao
Published: February 2025

As an important concept in mathematics, the convergence judgment of series has always been one of the research hotspots. As the reference series to judge the convergence and divergence of series, the proof of convergence of P-series and harmonic series has always been a research hotspot. This paper discusses the embodiment of algebra and geometry in the proof of convergence and divergence of P-series and harmonic series. Through the mutual transformation of geometry and algebra, the convergence and divergence of infinite series are analyzed, and the convergence problem of series is transformed into an intuitive geometric image for analysis. By introducing geometric intuition, it can not only simplify the solution process of the problem, but also help students and researchers better understand the essential characteristics of series, so as to provide new perspectives and ideas for the study of series convergence.
Application of homotopy analysis method to solve a class of time-fractional order mCH equations
Authors: Liu Yimin , Zhao Xiaoshan
Published: February 2025

Using the homotopy analysis method to seek the solution of a nonlinear evolution equation has been proven useful by many studies. In this paper, a class of time-fractional nonlinear differential equations is solved by utilizing the homotopy analysis method, combined with the Riemann-Liouville derivative. The fifth-order approximate solution is obtained, and the numerical solution is carried out with maple. Numerical solutions would be compared with exact solutions. The results have shown that the homotopy analysis method is an effective analytical method to solve the time-fractional order nonlinear evolution equation.
Improved upper bound for the minimal eigenvalue of the fan product
Authors: Zhong Qin
Published: February 2025

This note aims to present an improved upper bound for the minimal eigenvalue of the Fan product involving M-matrices employing the non-diagonal elements of two M-matrices and the Fan product trace. Two numerical tests are considered further to verify the effectiveness of the new upper bound.