bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Penggunaan Metode Seven Tool Dengan Diagram Scatter Dalam Pembelajaran Pengendalian Mutu Secara Statistik
Authors: Lukman  , Rachmasari Pramita Wardhani  , Selvia Sarungu  , Irma Andrianti
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The research aims to provide information to academics, as well as students and the public who need information regarding the use of scatter diagrams in implementing problem solving. The method used is a descriptive qualitative and quantitative research method. And use scatter diagrams to process the data obtained. The data collected comes from literature studies as well as historical company data or assumptions used so that it can be processed as an example in classroom learning. From the results analyzed, a solution will be produced which can be used for managerial decision making (problem solving) using statistical techniques to take corrective action.
Keywords: scatter diagram, statistic, quality, repair, problem solving, process, output
 
Abstrak
Penelitian bertujuan untuk memberikan informasi kepada akademisi , serta mahasiswa maupun masyarakat yang memerlukan informasi mengenai  penggunaan diagram scatter dalam pemecahan masalah secara implementatif . Adapun Pada metode yang digunakan adalah metode penelitian kualitatif dan kuantitatif deskriptif yang menggunakan diagram scatter dalam mengolah data yang didapatkan. Data –data yang dikumpulkan berasal dari studi literature maupun data historis perusahaan atau asumsi yang digunakan sehingga yang dapat diolah sebagai contoh dalam pembelajaran kelas. Dari hasil yang dianalisa akan dihasilkan suatu solusi yang dapat menjadi pengambilan keputusan (problem solving) secara manajerial dengan menggunakan teknik statistik guna mengambil tindakan perbaikan.
Kata Kunci: diagram scatter, statistic, mutu, perbaikan, pemecahan masalah, proses, hasil.
Productive Performance and Serum Biochemical Parameters of Nile Tilapia Fingerlings Fed on Different Dietary Carbohydrate: Protein Ratios with Biotin Supplementation
Authors: Shewita Ramadan , Mohamed Radi , Naggar karima , fattah Shymaa , Abdo Safaa , Soltan Mosaad
Published: August 2024

The current experiment evaluated the effects of different dietary carbohydrate: protein ratios (CHO: CP ratio) without or with biotin supplementation on the growth performance, body composition, serum biochemical parameters and intestinal morphology in Nile tilapia. Fingerlings were assigned to 6 treatments arranged as following; Group 1 (G1) fed the basal diet (BD) with a medium CHO: CP ratio (47:32); G2 with high CHO: CP ratio (57:21); G3 with low CHO: CP ratio (36:42); while G4, G5 and G6 had the same previous experimental design of the first 3 groups but with biotin supplementation (0.06 mg/kg diet). The growth performance was only assessed for the first 6 weeks, then the experiment continued to 4 months and ended by sampling for other parameters determined. Fish feeding on high CHO: CP ratio (57:21) significantly reduced the fish body weight, gain and feed intake (FI) (P ≤ 0.05), while improved the feed efficiency compared to the medium and low ratios. Biotin addition to the high or the medium ratios containing diets resulted in lower growth, increased FI and deteriorated the feed efficiency when compared to their control groups without biotin addition (P≤ 0.05). Different dietary CHO: CP ratios significantly altered tilapia body composition of nutrients (moisture, EE, and ash), serum parameters (glucose, triglyceride, LDL and VLDL) and the liver function enzymes (GPT and GOT) (P≤ 0.05). The relative mRNA expression of GHR and IGF was significantly upregulated in fish fed on the low and the high ratios containing diets respectively. In conclusion, feeding of the early fingerling of tilapia on the high CHO: CP ratio during the first 6 weeks of life resulted in lower growth, however, it showed a protein sparing effect. Supplementation of biotin (extra over the diet) was not recommended as it showed adverse effects on tilapia growth especially during the first periods of life, however it showed some beneficial effects on alleviating the high-dietary carbohydrate-induced effects. Feeding on medium CHO: CP ratio (47:32) or low ratio (36:42) would be recommended during the fry and early fingerling stage of tilapia while the high ratio (57:21) would be beneficial in the diet of late fingerlings or adult tilapia.
Detection of Some Virulence Factors of Listeria Species Isolated from Chicken and their Products
Authors: Hulimi Ali , Hulimi Abdulkhaliq , Nossair Mohammad
Published: August 2024

The current study was conducted to determine the occurrence of Listeria species in live chicken and some chicken products (fillets, burger and luncheon). In addition, determine the antibiogram profile of Listeria strains and detection of some virulence genes of Listeria monocytogenes which recovered from the examined samples. The study included 100 samples including cloacal swabs from broiler chicken (n =25) from 5 different broiler chicken farms beside as well as chicken products (25 samples each of chicken fillets, burger and luncheon) that were randomly purchased from supermarkets. Isolation and identification of Listeria was performed according to the standard protocol provided by ISO (2017) using Listeria selective agar (Oxford formulation) with Listeria selective supplement then the suspected colonies were identified using a panel of biochemical tests. It was recorded that the recovery rate of Listeria species from the examined samples was 24, 20, 8 and 16%, in cloacal swabs, chicken fillets, burger and luncheon, respectively with an overall incidence of 17%. In addition, biochemical identification of the recovered Listeria isolates revealed the presence of L. monocytogenes, L. innocua, L. ivanovii, L. seeligeri and L. grayi with various rates where L. monocytogenes scored the highest rate 29.4% (5 isolates). Antimicrobial susceptibility of Listeria strains (n=17) clarified that the highest antibiotic resistance was recorded when using streptomycin (82.4%) followed by Neomycin (76.5%) then Doxycycline and Cefotaxime (52.9%) while the lowest resistance was noticed when using Amikacin (11.8%) then Ciprofloxacin (35.3%). Finally, molecular detection of virulence genes in the identified L. monocytogenes strains (n= 5) clarified the detection of iap and actA genes in the five isolates while hylA gene was detected in three isolates only. At the end, results obtained by this study emphasize a significant occurrence of resistant Listeria in chicken and chicken products including processed animal-originated foods commonly purchased by the public in including; chicken fillets, burger and luncheon. Seriously, the presence of such resistant bacteria endangers human health by making routine antibiotic courses useless in the treatment of such infections. Finally, data proved that retail foods of animal origin pose a risk to human health.
Evaluation of Oxidant/Antioxidant Markers, Cytokines, DNA Damage and Trace Mineral Levels in Goats Naturally Single and Co-Infected with Theileria ovis and Anaplasma ovis
Authors: Mis Leyla , Deger Yeter , Oguz Bekir
Published: August 2024

The impact of co-infections with Theileria ovis and Anaplasma ovis on caprine health is very limited knowledge and is rarely documented in the literature. Türkiye is endemic for tick-borne diseases (TBDs), posing a risk of co-infections in goats. To evaluate the impact of single and co-infection with T. ovis and A. ovis on caprine health, four groups of goats were examined: healthy goats, goats infected with T. ovis, goats infected with A. ovis and goats co-infected with both species. Sera from blood samples was tested for oxidant/antioxidant markers [malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (KAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione S-transferase (GST)], cytokines [interleukins (IL)-6, IL-1, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)], DNA damage [8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG)] and trace minerals [( copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), manganese (Mn), selenium ( Se)]. MDA, 8-OHdG, TNF-α, IL-1 and IL-6 levels, CAT and GST enzyme activities were found to be significantly increased in both Theileria ovis and Anaplasma ovis single- and co-infections (P<0.05). In goats, single and co-infected with A. ovis showed a statistically significant increase in SOD enzyme activity compared to goats infected only with T. ovis (P<0.05). In goats co-infected with A. ovis and T. ovis, considerable decrease in GPx enzyme activity were observed (P<0.05). Zn and Se levels in single infected with A. ovis indicated a significant decrease. Also, Cu, Zn, and Se levels in co-infected animals decreased significantly (P<0.05). Significant increase in lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzyme activity in goats with single and double infections indicates impaired erythrocyte membrane integrity due to oxidative stress. Moreover, increased proinflammatory cytokine concentrations in all groups indicate that a high degree of systemic inflammation is induced during parasitaemia.
Synthesis, Characterization and Anti-bacterial Screening of Fe(II) Mixed Ligand Complex of Ofloxacin with Ascorbic Acid
Authors: Onyenze Ugochukwu , Otuokere Ifeanyi , Emmanuel Joy
Published: August 2024

Aim: Mixed ligand complexes play a major role in biological processes by binding with small molecules and activating the enzymes for nuclease activity. This study is aimed at synthesizing, characterizing, and the antibacterial studies of 9-Fluoro-2,3-dihydro-3-methyl-10-(4-methyl-1-piperazinyl)-7-oxo-7H- Pyridol[1,2,3,-de]-1,4-benzoxazine-6-carboxylic acid (ofloxacin) and ascorbic acid metal complex.
Methods: Iron(II) mixed ligand complex of ofloxacin and ascorbic acid was synthesized using the reflux method. The resulting complex, [Fe(Ofl)(Asc)] was characterized by its color, solubility, melting point, FTIR, electronic spectra, 1H NMR, and 13C NMR spectroscopy.
Results: The dark gray color and the high melting point of the Fe(II) mixed ligand complex indicate that complexation occurred. From the electronic data, octahedral geometry was suggested for the complex. According to the FTIR data for both ofloxacin and ascorbic acid, the two ligands functioned as tridentate ligands, coordinating to the metal through the oxygen atoms of the two carbonyl groups, hydroxyl group in the case of ofloxacin and carbonyl, and the enolic C-2 and C-3 hydroxyl groups in the case of ascorbic acid. The antibacterial activities of the prepared mixed ligand complex were evaluated against Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus subtilis, and Escherichia coli. The result of the antibacterial activities of [Fe(Ofl)(Asc)] shows that the mixed ligand complex has higher antibacterial activities compared to the parent drug. In the mixed complex, the Fe(II) complex shows the highest inhibition against the four species.
Conclusion: The complex exhibited more antimicrobial activity than the participating ligands. The results reported from this study will therefore aid in the development of more effective drugs that are effective against resistant microorganisms.
Analog CMOS Design in Nanometer Regime
Authors: Sharroush Sherif
Published: August 2024

There is no doubt that the short-channel effects have affected the analysis and design of modern analog CMOS integrated circuits significantly. Thus, models that take into account these effects must be adopted in order to obtain more accurate results. In this paper, the AC small-signal low-frequency equivalent circuit of the short-channel MOSFET transistor is developed using an appropriate model. The impact of short-channel effects on the operation of basic building blocks of analog integrated circuits such as basic amplifier configurations, cascode stage, differential amplifier and composite transistor is investigated quantitatively. Additionally, the nonlinear distortion is investigated using the adopted model.
Mortality Among Psychiatric Inpatients in a Nigerian Teaching Hospital: A 40-year review
Authors: Alakeji Isaac , Esan Oluyomi
Published: August 2024

Background: Regularly monitoring mortality rates among psychiatric inpatients is essential for evaluating the effectiveness of healthcare services and subsequently improving healthcare delivery. Prior research in Nigeria focused on psychiatric hospitals, and no published data exist on inpatient psychiatric mortality in Nigerian teaching hospitals. This study aimed to investigate mortality and its associated factors among inpatients admitted to the psychiatric unit of a teaching hospital in Nigeria.

Methods: A register-based descriptive retrospective design was used for this study. Review of the records of all patients who died while on admission between 1977 and 2017 was carried out.

Results: Among 6490 admissions to the psychiatric unit over 40 years, 46 patients (0.71%) died during their admission, resulting in a mortality rate of 1.15 deaths per year. The age of death ranged from 18 to 90 years, with an average of 48.8 years (standard deviation 18.5). Females comprised a larger proportion of deaths (76.1%, M
ratio = 1:3.2). Psychotic disorders were the most frequent diagnoses (35.0%), with acute psychosis being the most common (25.0%), followed by depression (20.0%). Notably, a higher proportion of patients with organic disorders (75.0%) died within two weeks of admission compared to those with non-organic disorders (61.5%).

Conclusion: This 40-year study at a Nigerian teaching hospital revealed a low mortality rate (0.71%) for psychiatric patients. Females had a higher mortality rate than males, and most deaths occurred within the first two weeks of admission, particularly for patients with organic diagnoses. Psychotic disorders were the most prevalent diagnoses, followed by depression and bipolar disorder. These findings highlight the need for enhanced early identification and intervention strategies for high-risk patients.
Animal welfare during transport, evolution and perspectives of European Union legislation and policy
Authors: Giangaspero Massimo , Turno Pasquale
Published: August 2024

In the One Health approach, which summarizes a concept that human, animal and plant health are interdependent and linked to the ecosystems in which they exist, animal welfare assumes an important role. In addition, the Farm to Fork Strategy of the European Union recognizes animal welfare as an essential component. Transport of animals involves a number of issues related to welfare. Animals are subjected to continuous stress, not only during transit on vehicles, vessels, trains or airplanes, but also during loading and unloading operations. The handling and transport conditions have improved from basic and relatively rudimentary systems, with elements to attenuate discomfort of animals having been gradually introduced, especially for long distance transport. Despite several improvements of animal welfare standards during transportation there are still pressing issues in current EU legislation which deserve reviewing. Recently, several scientific opinions on animal welfare, including during transport, have been published by the European Food Safety Agency, following requests by the European Commission. In addition, the European Court of Auditors published its last report focused on animal welfare during transport. These reports underline the need to review current legislation governing the topic and highlight a number of outstanding issues in the European Union and in Third Countries. This article summarizes the history and current status of this complex issue.
The potential of Myrmecodia pendans in preventing complications of diabetes mellitus as an antidiabetic and antihyperlipidemic agent
Authors: Daulay Milahayati , Syahputra Muhammad , Sari Mutiara , Widyawati Tri , Anggraini Dwi
Published: August 2024

Background:
Hyperglycemia in diabetes mellitus (DM) can lead to dyslipidemia, which is a risk factor for macrovascular complications such as heart disease and stroke. Aside from administering antidiabetic medications, DM treatment can also be achieved through the use of natural components, such as Myrmecodia pendans, commonly known as the ant nest plant.
Aim:
This study aimed to investigate the impact of administering the ant nest plant on the lipid profile of Wistar rats.
Methods:
A group of 20 rats was divided into two categories: 6 rats served as healthy controls (H), while the remaining 14 rats were subjected to a high-lipid diet and streptozotocin to generate a model of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The diabetic rats were divided into two groups: the DM group consisted of rats that did not receive any treatment, while the ant nest plant (ANP) group was administered the herb orally.
Results:
The results revealed significant variations in triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels among the three groups (p<0.05). The post hoc test revealed disparities in triglyceride and LDL between those with DM group and ANP group (p<0.05).
Conclusion:
Myrmecodia pendans demonstrated the ability to decrease triglyceride and LDL, while increasing HDL levels in rats with T2DM.
Influence of azathioprine on healing of exposed dogs' dental pulp capped with three different materials
Authors: Anesi Mokhtar , Seida Ashraf , Elhamid Ehab , Mahran Abeer , Ashry Salma , Issa Mohamed , Nagy Mohamed
Published: August 2024

Background:
Azathioprine is one of the earliest immunosuppressants prescriped for several autoimmune diseases. Yet there is a lack of research on the impact of azathioprine on pulp healing following pulp capping procedure.
Aim:
This study aimed to investigate the effect of azathioprine on the healing ability of mechanically exposed dogs' dental pulps following direct pulp capping with Mineral Trioxide Aggregate (MTA), Bio-Aggregates (BA), and Calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2).
Methods:
Four mongrel dogs were randomly assigned to two groups (2 dogs/30 teeth in each group): immunosuppressed (group I) and control (group II). Group I received azathioprine for two months before surgical treatments and until the dogs were euthanized. Fifteen class V buccal cavities were performed in each dog. Each group was randomly divided into three subgroups (10 teeth each) based on the pulp capping substance. The pulps in subgroups A, B, and C were immediately capped with MTA, BA, and Ca(OH)2, respectively. Inflammation and dentine bridge development were histopathologically evaluated and scored at one and two months. The data were statistically analyzed.
Results:
The immunosuppressed group exhibited statistically greater inflammatory cell count and decreased dentine bridge thickness, compared to the control group in all subgroups (P<0.05).
Conclusion:
Azathioprine has an adverse effect on the healing of exposed dogs' dental pulp following direct pulp capping with MTA, BA, and Ca(OH)2. Therefore, patients using azathioprine as an immunosuppressive medication may experience delayed healing of mechanically exposed pulps following capping with MTA, BA, or Ca(OH)2.
Perioperative changes in plasma cardiac troponin I concentration during mitral valvuloplasty for severe mitral regurgitation in dogs
Authors: Ando Takeki , Mihara Kippei , Kanemoto Isamu , Akiyoshi Hideo
Published: August 2024

Background:
Mitral valvuloplasty (MVP) is a surgical procedure for treating severe mitral regurgitation in dogs. Although MVP is considered highly invasive, the extent of myocardial injury, postoperative complications, and recovery has not been evaluated.
Aim:
This study examined the degree of MVP invasiveness, the extent of myocardial damage, postoperative complications, cardiomyocyte recovery, and timing of hospital discharge.
Methods:
Cardiac troponin I (cTnI) was used to investigate the myocardial damage caused by cardiac arrest associated with a surgical approach to the myocardium in 13 patients with MVP and 5 controls with patent ductus arteriosus who underwent similar anesthesia and thoracotomy.
Results:
The level of cTnI peaked 1 day after surgery and was significantly higher in the MVP group (median, 19.90 ng/mL) than in control group (median, 1.50 ng/mL P < 0.001). At day 7, the cTnI level was significantly higher in the MVP group (1.9 ng/mL) than in control group (0.1 ng/mL) (P < 0.001), and recovery to the preoperative level took 10 days in the MVP group but returned to the preoperative level at day 7 in control group. Although the mean arterial pressure of cardiopulmonary bypass at the time of use was 42.92 mmHg, the peak cTnI levels in the two patients who exhibited a temporary decrease of 20 mmHg or less (46.03 ng/mL) were significantly higher than in the other 11 patients (19.70 ng/mL) (P < 0.05). Preoperative cTnI levels were correlated with the severity of postoperative complications (P = 0.03, F = 0.71).
Conclusion:
The results showed that MVP caused temporary greater myocardial tissue damage than thoracotomy, but postoperative recovery was smoother. A high preoperative cTnI level requires relatively more careful postoperative management, and measuring the level of cTnI over time after surgery can provide information about the extent of myocardial damage and recovery from surgery and help determine the time of discharge.
Phylogenetic analysis of Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxin A gene in Iraqi breed cows with bovine mastitis: Implications for disease management
Authors: Jawad Alaa , Dagman Sabreen , Yaseen Mohammed , Karagoly Hassan
Published: August 2024

Background:
Although milk is nutritionally valuable, it also serves as a significant medium for the transmission of pathogens and their toxins.
Aim:
This study aimed to investigate the role of enterotoxin gene A (SEA) in the development of bovine mastitis. We accomplished this by examining milk through PCR testing, amino acid substitution analysis, and phylogenetic analysis.
Methods:
A total of fifty milk samples collected from locally bred dairy cows in Al-Diwaniyah, located in southern Iraq. We employed the VITEK-2 platform to validate the diagnosis of S. aureus and confirming the results of routine tests (culturing and biochemical tests). Subsequently, the genetic mutation and phylogeny analysis were achieved utilizing DNA sequencing to 16S rRNA and enterotoxin A genes.
Results:
66% (33/50) of the milk samples found to be contain S. aureus by the VITEK-2 system. Furthermore, 25/33 of the samples were positive by the PCR test. While 60% (15 out of 25) tested positive for the SEA gene. After genomic analysis, we identified amino acid substitutions of serine, glutamine with arginine, tyrosine with cysteine, and aspartic acid with glycine at positions 9, 101, 119, 187, and 191. The phylogenetic investigation demonstrated a genetic relationship between our isolates (Iraqi isolates) and isolates from Indian and the United States.
Conclusion:
Our study indicated the widespread distribution of the enterotoxin gene A (SEA) of S. aureus among dairy cows. The molecular study revealed significant changes in key amino acids that could play an important role in the bacterium's pathogenesis. The phylogenetic similarities among S. aureus samples from various countries suggest that the bacteria has spread globally.
Prophylactic impacts of Lagenaria siceraria against cardiomyopathy induced by doxorubicin in a rat model
Authors: Almohmadi Najlaa , Zahran Mona , Nabtity Sameh , Shaheen Hazem
Published: August 2024

Background:
Doxorubicin (DOX) is a chemotherapeutic drug applied clinically for the remedy of cancer, but its possibly life-threatening cardiotoxicity effects remain a concern.
Aim:
After that, this study evaluates the cardioprotective impacts of Lagenaria siceraria (LSS) oil on doxorubicin-induced cardiomyopathy in rats.
Methods:
Wistar male rats (n= 28, weighting 190-210 g) were arbitrarily allocated into four equal groups. Group 1 (CTR) received normal saline orally (1 ml/kg); group 2 (DOX) received DOX (10 mg/kg); group 3 (DOLS) received DOX + 3g of Lagenaria siceraria seeds oil/kg and group 4 (LSSO) received Lagenaria siceraria seeds oil (3 g/kg) daily for 18 days. The serum samples were collected to determine the creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB) isoenzyme, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and Troponin I activity. At the same time, the catalase, malondialdehyde (MDA), and reduced glutathione (GSH) were assessed in heart tissues. Additionally, histopathological investigations for the heart tissue were performed.
Results:
Results revealed no significant change in CK-MB levels between the DOLS group compared to the CTR group (p>0.05). DOX group confirmed a substantial increase in AST, LDH, and Troponin1 serum levels compared to DOLS and LLSO groups (p<0.05). The study demonstrated the antioxidant activity of LSS oil against DOX-induced toxicity. The DOX group significantly reduced GSH and catalase levels, with an increase in MDA levels compared to DOLS and LLSO groups. Histopathological analysis showed protective properties of LSS oil against myocardial damage caused by DOX.
Conclusion:
This study highlights the favourable impacts of Lagenaria siceraria oil in mitigating DOX-triggered cardiotoxicity in a rat model.
Molecular identification, virulence, and antibiotic resistant genes characteristics of Staphylococcus spp., isolated from milk samples
Authors: Mhyson Afrah , Kadhim Masar , Faja Orooba , Alwan Merriam , Mohammed Basima
Published: August 2024

Background:
Food safety and food-borne infections are major subjects with global interest. Dairy products are considered as important sources for these infections.
Aim:
The present study was conducted to identify the occurrence and to genotype isolates of Staphylococcus spp. recovered from milk samples in Al-Diwaniyah City, Iraq.
Methods:
The current study included the collection of 50 milk samples purchased from local stores in the current city. These samples were subjected to bacterial cultivation and biochemical tests. Later, the growth was used to extract the genomic DNA that was exposed to PCR and partial gene sequencing that both targeted the 16S rRNA gene at a specific genetic piece.
Results:
The PCR results demonstrated the amplification of the genetic fragment of five genetic clusters for each of S. aureus (SAD11, SAD12, SAD13, SAD14 and SAD15), S. epidermidis (SED1, SED2, SED3, SED4 and SED5), and S.intermedius (SID1, SID2, SID3, SID4 and SID5). The PCR products were sent out to sequencing and reported that the current isolates were similar in their genetic content with global isolates at 95.34% to 97.59%, 96.21% to 97.57%, and 96.09% to 97.88%, respectively, of identity.
Conclusion:
The present findings show highly genetic variations among isolates of S. aureus, S. epidermidis, and S.intermedius recovered from milk samples, and these genotypes are found in different infection setting related to humans and animals, which may pose high risks to the humans and animals.
A new variant of lumpy skin disease virus circulating in Vietnam based on sequencing analysis of GPCR gene
Authors: Tran Ha , Truong Anh , Tran Anh , Chu Nhu , Nguyen Vinh , Dang Hoang
Published: August 2024

Background:
In 2021, Vietnam experienced an outbreak of Lumpy skin disease (LSD), which infected 207,687 cattle and buffaloes, as officially reported, and resulted in the culling of 29,182 animals.
Aim:
In this study, samples from cattle that died and showed typical signs of LSD in the Ha Tinh province of Vietnam were confirmed by three WOAH-recommended methods and further studied to compare the Vietnam and China reference strains to the new clinical cases.
Methods:
Three methods recommended by WOAH for agent detection (PCR, virus isolation, and transmission electron microscopy) were used to confirm this clinical LSD case. The sequence analysis of three well-known markers (P32, RPO30, and GPCR genes) has been utilised in Vietnam to understand this circulating pathogen better.
Results:
Our findings showed that the CX01 LSDV strain is 100% identical to the Vietnam reference strain HL01 and China reference strains based on P32 and RPO30 genes. Interestingly, analysis of the nucleotide sequence of the GPCR gene showed that the CX01 strain belongs to the same cluster as the reference strains, but it has branches different from those of both the HL01 and China LSDV strains. The nucleotide identification between the CX01 strain and these reference virus strains ranked 99.65 – 99.91%, suggesting that it is a new variant of LSDV.
Conclusion:
This finding is new and indicates that at least two variants of the LSD virus were circulating in Vietnam based on analysis of the GPCR gene. Additionally, these results suggest that the sequence analysis of the GPCR gene is a great tool for subgrouping LSDV circulating in Vietnam.
Preventing free radical damage: The significance of including antioxidants in diet to strengthen immunity
Authors: Abdulrahman Hanar , Dyary Hiewa , Mohammed Rebar , Hamad Darya , Star Faraidoon , Saeed Nahla
Published: August 2024

Free radicals (FR), also known as reactive oxygen species (ROS), are usually established in the body when adequate oxygen depletion occurs. Oxidative stress and the establishment of free radicals in the body are mainly caused by high metabolic activity, the need for rapid growth, inadequate flock management, exposure to viral and bacterial microorganisms, and adverse environmental conditions. Furthermore, free radicals can also be produced during the activity of phagocytes when they depend on the action of ROS to kill the engulfed pathogen. Free radicals have very adverse effects on all cells, particularly the cells of the immune system. They are extremely erratic and reactive molecules that directly harm DNA, cellular proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates within cells. Antioxidants are substances that can eliminate and neutralize free radicals within the body and free the body from the oxidative stress that occurs due to the accumulation of free radicals. Many vitamins and minerals support the activity and effect of the immune system in fighting against microbes and cancer, which mostly depend on their antioxidant elements to diminish the negative impact of free radicals in the body. Examples are vitamin C, vitamin E, superoxide dismutase, selenium, glycine, cofactors of glutathione peroxidase, manganese, essential oils, and phenolic compounds.
Prognostic factors and survival following radiation therapy for canine nasal tumors: A single-institution retrospective study of 166 cases
Authors: Mizuno Rui , Mori Takashi
Published: August 2024

Background:
Prognostic factors in dogs with nasal tumors include several variables. However, factors that can measure prognosis have not yet been identified due to considerable divergence among reports.
Aim:
To describe the computed tomography (CT) imaging, treatment, and outcomes of dogs with nasal tumors, as well as detect negative prognostic factors through the analysis of a substantial number of cases from a single institution. Furthermore, based on CT findings, this study aimed to identify independent prognostic factors for nasal tumors in dogs.
Methods:
A total of 166 client-owned dogs were diagnosed with nasal tumors at Gifu University Veterinary Hospital between 2015 and 2019. Data were retrospectively collected from the electronic medical records.
Results:
Univariate analysis revealed a significant difference in survival time between adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma in 166 canine nasal tumors treated with megavoltage radiation therapy at a single institution (p= .015). There was a significant difference in survival time between carcinoma and sarcoma (p= .04). Regarding CT imaging findings, significant differences in survival time were observed for frontal sinus invasion (p= .007), cribriform plate destruction (p< .001), and lymph node metastasis (p= .003). Multivariate Cox regression analysis was performed to assess frontal sinus invasion, cribriform plate destruction, histopathologic subtypes, and lymph node metastasis as negative prognostic factors; however, only cribriform plate destruction was a significant negative prognostic factor for survival time (p= .004).
Conclusion:
Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that cribriform plate destruction was the main factor in predicting a negative prognosis among 166 canine nasal tumors treated with megavoltage radiation therapy at a single institution. Therefore, we propose a new 2-tier staging classification for canine nasal tumors with the presence or absence of cribriform plate destruction based on CT examination as the only evaluation factor.
Arterial and venous supply of the harderian gland in hens
Authors: Bejdi Pamela , i Liljana , engi Benjamin
Published: August 2024

Background:
The Harderian gland in domestic birds is a major paraocular excretory gland that has an important role in tear production as well as in the immune protection of the conjunctiva surface.
Aim:
The aim of this research was to investigate the arterial and venous supply of the gland in hens and provide valuable and useful information for future research.
Methods:
The research was conducted on 26 adult hens, provenience of Lohmann Brown. For the identification and determination of blood vessels, we used the vascular corrosion cast technique in conjunction with the transmission electron microscope (TEM).
Results:
The casts showed that the gland receives the arterial supply via branches of a. ophthalmotemporalis and a. nasalis communis and these arteries are accompanied by the corresponding veins. Ultrastructural analyses showed the presence of fenestrated capillaries, which indicates the possibility for permeability of larger molecules.
Conclusion:
The present research gives important and detailed information about the arterial and venous supply of the Harderian gland in hens that may serve as guidelines for future vascular and morphological investigations.
The efficacy of topically applied Sappan wood (Caesalpinia sappan L.) ethanol extract during incision wound healing in albino rats
Authors: Sucita Ricky , Fikri Faisal , Purnomo Agus , Maslamama Salipudin , Purnama Muhammad
Published: August 2024

Background:
Medical manifestations in the form of incisions, burns and trauma will trigger a natural wound healing process which involves complex interactions between cells. Brazilin and other secondary metabolites found in Sappan wood have numerous bioactive qualities, including anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, and antioxidant properties.
Aim:
This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of Sappan wood (Caesalpinia Sappan L.) ethanol extract topically on the incision wound healing of albino rats.
Methods:
Twenty male rats were randomly assigned into five groups with four replications i.e. (C-) was treated ointment-based, (C+) was treated with 10% povidone-iodine, (T1, T2, T3 groups) were treated with Sappan wood extract concentration for 6.5%, 15%, and 30%, respectively. The treatment was topically administered to wounded areas twice a day for 15 days. Wound healing was evaluated histologically as the following parameters collagen deposition, PMN, angiogenesis, and fibrosis degree using H & E staining. IL-2 level was evaluated using the ELISA method. Wound length reduction was calculated on days 8 and 15.
Results:
As a result, the 6.5% (T1), 15% (T2), and 30% (T3) Sappan wood extract groups were improved significantly (p < 0.05) compared to ointment-based (C-) and povidone-iodine (C+) groups on the collagen deposition, PMN, angiogenesis, fibrosis degree, and IL-2 level. In particular, 6.5% (T1) Sappan wood extract group was highlighted significantly (p < 0.05) compared to other groups, evidenced by the improvisation of wound healing parameters and reduction of wound length on days 8 and 15.
Conclusion:
In conclusion, a 6.5% Sappan wood extract revealed its applicability to improve incision wound healing in albino rats.
Morphological and molecular characterization of Dermanyssus gallinae (Acari: Gamasida: Dermanyssidae) isolates of Al- Baha province
Authors: Alghamdi Samia
Published: August 2024

Background:
An ectoparasite known as Dermanyssus gallinae feeds on infected blood with a high frequency in European chicken farms resulting in significant economic losses.
Aim:
The objective of the current work was to characterize D. gallinae, which infests laying hens on farms in Southern Al-Baha morphologically, molecularly, and to determine evolutionary relationship between the species.
Methods:
All mites that were morphologically recognized as D. gallinae were submitted to molecular analysis by PCR, which focused on the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I (cox1) and internal transcribed spacers (ITS) of ribosomal DNA.
Results:
Morphological identification of the parasites uncovered three distinct features: a triangular anal shield, a broader than longer sternal shield, and a rounded posterior genitoventral shield. Each D. gallinae sample was amplified using a single band, measuring 550 bp for the cox1-targeting PCR, and 530 bp for the ITS-targeting PCR. The sequences of D. gallinae were added to the GenBank.
Conclusion:
At molecular identification level, this research identifies D. gallinae in Al-Baha for the first time. The results collectively provide a foundation for further research to understand the epidemiology and the part of this superfamily in the epidemiology of certain zoonosis.
Sero epidemiological study on bovine babesiosis in cattle and buffaloes in Sharkia Governorate, Egypt
Authors: Yousef Sara , Sobhy Nader , Gouda Heba , Emam Mahmoud
Published: August 2024

Background:
Bovine babesiosis represents a serious challenge for animal health, herd production and profitability. Understanding the epidemiology and risk factors associated with babesiosis is critical to reduce their negative impacts.
Aim:
Investigation of the seroprevalence and risk factors associated with Babesia bigemina (B. bigemina) and Babesia bovis (B. bovis) in five districts in Sharkia governorate using ELISA.
Methods:
Across-sectional research was conducted to determine the seropositivity of babesiosis by collecting a total of 352 blood samples from 250 cattle and 102 buffaloes. A multivariate logistic regression model was implemented to evaluate the strength of the risk factors associated with both Babesia species infection.
Results:
The seroprevalence of B. bigemina and B. bovis was 42.6% and 17.0 %, respectively. The prevalence of babesiosis in cattle was found to be 48.8% for B. bigemina and 16.8% for B. bovis. Inclusive, in buffaloes, the prevalence was 27.5% for B. bigemina and 17.6% for B. bovis. Adult animals were more vulnerable to infection with babesia than young animals by 3-5 times, respectively. Males were more susceptible to B. bigemina and B. bovis than females by 3.7 and 3.5 times. Similarly, the odds of infection in infested animals with ticks were 2-4 times higher than in animals without ticks.
Conclusion:
The obtained results revealed that age, sex of the animal, and tick infestation were major risk factors for the seropositivity of both Babesia species. Inclusive, there was no evidence to support the premise that seroprevalence of babesiosis is correlated with the season and species.
Advantages of Curcuma longa in preventing male infertility caused by thioacetamide
Authors: Jaber Fatima , Alaryani Fatima , Almutiri Boudor , Abdu Suzan , Mohammed Arif
Published: August 2024

Background:
Thioacetamide (TAA) is known to cause damage to various organs, including the testes, posing a significant health threat. On the other hand, Curcuma longa (Cl) has been recognized for its antioxidant properties, suggesting a potential protective role against TAA-induced toxicity in the testes.
Aim:
This study aims to investigate the effect of TAA on testicular function and structure while exploring the therapeutic and protective potential of C. longa versus TAA toxicity.
Methods:
Thirty-two male albino rats, with an age range of 11–12 weeks and a weight range of 180-200 g, were randomly allocated into four distinct groups. The control group received normal saline, while the Cl group ingested Cl orally at a dose of 500 mg/kg daily. The TAA group, received TAA through intraperitoneal injections at a dose of 200 mg/kg body weight three times per week. Lastly, the Cl with TAA group received Cl orally 2 hours before the TAA injections. After 8 weeks of treatment, we anesthetized the rats and saved blood samples for biochemical analysis.
Results:
The study revealed significant alterations in various biochemical parameters in the TAA-treated group, as compared with the control. Specifically, there was a significant increase in bilirubin, albumin, cholesterol, triglyceride, very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL-C), white blood cells (WBCs), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and platelets (PLT) levels. Conversely, the Cl-treated group exhibited significant reductions in these parameters, along with notable increases in red blood cells (RBCs), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and hemoglobin (HB).
Conclusion:
C. longa demonstrates a protective effect on the testes against TAA-induced toxicity, potentially attributed to its antioxidant properties. This suggests a promising avenue for the use of Cl in mitigating the harmful effects of TAA on testicular function and structure.
Pathophysiological and pro-inflammatory cytokine surveys on livestock normally infected with Taenia saginata cysticercosis
Authors: Alshammari Ayed , Kabli Abdulbaset , Youssef Naser
Published: August 2024

Background:
Cattle and buffaloes can contract cysticercosis, an infection of the muscles brought on by Taenia saginata larvae. Despite having a global spread, cysticercosis is more prevalent in impoverished nations due to impaired hygiene standards. It has been discovered that Taenia saginata cysticercosis routine visual diagnosis is not very effective, especially in mild infections. Therefore, a more trustworthy in vivo test might be used as an alternative in slaughterhouses and epidemiological studies. Biochemical assays are possibly utilized as an alternative to detect cysticercosis inside a topical environment.
Aim:
Investigating serum biochemical alterations in cattle with cysticercosis was the goal of the current research. As a further method of diagnosis, it was also determined how Cysticercus bovis affected pro-inflammatory cytokines and histopathology.
Methods:
Blood samples from 42 slaughtered cattle (21 healthy and 21 sick animals) were taken from Assiut abattoir. Using an ELISA and spectrophotometer, respectively, their serum's pro-inflammatory cytokines and biochemical profile were evaluated. These cattle were chosen between March 2023 and February 2024.
Results:
A percentage of 4.6% of the 455 cattle examined after being slaughtered had T. saginata cysticerci infections. All values in the serum biochemistry were considerably different (P<0.01), whereas the majority of biochemical parameters increased significantly (P<0.01) in infected animals. In contrast, there was a substantial (P<0.01) decline in HDL-c, SOD, CAT, and GSH. On the other hand, procytokine inflammatory indices for both TNF-α and IL-1β indicated a substantial increase (P<0.001) in infected cattle. Additionally, the histological results revealed significant alterations in the tissues of infected livestock.
Conclusion:
This has been inferred cysticercosis possesses negative impacts on cattle's plasma biochemical profiles, indicating the field applicability of biochemical measures in outbreaks of bovine cysticercosis. Pro-inflammatory cytokine indices and histological changes could be included as further indicators of T. saginata cysticercosis in cattle.
Seyitömer Höyük’te Ele Geçirilen Bir Grup Hayvan Figürlü Boncuk Üzerine Değerlendirmeler
Authors: Ünan Nazan
Published: August 2024

Seyitömer Höyük, Kütahya ilinin kuzeybatısında yer almaktadır. Günümüzde kömür işletmesi sahası içinde yer alan Höyük’te gerçekleştirilen arkeolojik kazılar, höyüğün etkilediği alanda bulunan kömür rezervine ulaşmak amacıyla yapılmıştır. Kurtarma kazısı kapsamında yapılan kazılara 1989 yılında başlanılmış ve aralıklarla 2021 yılı sonuna kadar sürdürülmüştür. Bu çalışmalar sonucunda Höyük’te Erken Tunç Çağı II’den Roma Dönemine kadar toplam 6 tabaka tespit edilmiştir. Makalenin konusunu Erken Tunç Çağı III Dönemi’ne tarihlendirilen V/B evresinde açığa çıkarılan yönetici yapısının ana odasında ele geçirilen bir grup boncuk oluşturmaktadır. Söz konusu boncuklar, fayans olarak isimlendirilen malzemeden üretilmişlerdir. Toplamda 14 adet olduğu tespit edilen boncuklar, hayvan figürlüdür. Bu boncukların 8 adedi koç, 5 adedi ördek ve 1 adedi de tanımlanamayan bir hayvan biçiminde stilize tasvir edilmiştir. Çalışmada, boncuklar detaylı olarak tanıtılmış ve büyük bir kısmının benzerleri, Mezopotamya ve Suriye’de yer alan yerleşim ve mezarlıklarda ele geçirildiği tespit edilmiştir. MÖ 3. Bin yılın ikinci yarısına tarihlendirilen figürlü boncukların ışığında Seyitömer Höyüğünün konumuna ve uzak mesafeli ticaret içindeki yerine değinilmiştir.
Evaluation of Sulphur Dioxide Hourly Prediction Using Long Short-term Memory for Summer and Winter Season
Authors: Bennis Mohammed , Youssfi Mohammed , Morabet Rachida El , Alsubih Majed , Prayanagat Muneer , Khan Roohul Abad
Published: August 2024

Increasing air pollution has necessitated the prediction of pollutants over time. Deterministic, statistical, and machine-learning methods have been adopted to predict and forecast pollutant levels. It aids in planning and adopting measures to overcome the adverse effects of air pollution. This study employs long short-term memory (LSTM). This study used the hourly data from a meteorological station in a low-town area, Mohammedia City, Morocco. The model prediction accuracy was evaluated based on hourly, weekly, and seasonal (summer and winter) readings for the summer and winter of 2019, 2020 and 2021. Root mean square error (RMSE), mean absolute error (MAE) and mean arctangent absolute percentage error (MAAPE) were calculated to evaluate the accuracy of the developed LSTM model. The MAE value of 0.026 was observed to be less in winter than 0.029 during summer in 2019. Also, it was observed that MAE values decreased from Year 2019-2021, indicating increased prediction accuracy. MAAPE also observed a similar trend. However, RMSE values indicated the opposite for 2019 and 2020; in 2021, the RMSE value was 0.21 for summer and 0.14 for winter for hourly readings. Based on the error calculation, the study found weekly hourly readings were the most accurate for predicting SO2 concentration. Also, the LSTM model was more accurate in predicting winter SO2 concentration than in the summer season. Further studies must incorporate local incidences affecting the SO2 concentration into the LSTM model to increase its accuracy.
Comparison Between Maize Inbred and Hybrid Lines for Their Amenability to Agrobacterium Mediated Transformation and In Vitro Plant Regeneration
Authors: Aqueel Rhea , Maqbool Asma , Malik Kauser Abdulla
Published: August 2024

The field of genetic engineering and molecular breeding utilizes maize immature embryos for transformation studies. However, there are hinderances such as the unavailability of immature embryos throughout the year and their low transformation frequencies which make them unsuitable for use at a commercial level. Among cereals, maize has prime importance due to its productivity, industrial products, animal feed and fodder. Regeneration capability in maize transformation studies varies due to differences in genetic makeup and explant source. In this study, we evaluate mature embryos as explants for in vitro plant regeneration. Six varieties including 3 hybrid lines (Pioneer 3025, SG 2002 and Neelam) and 3 inbred lines (NCML 107, CML 161 and FBF 3368) were screened for Agrobacterium mediated transformation amenability using mature maize embryos. The two inbred lines NCML 107 and CML 161 performed best showing 100% callus induction frequency, 93.33% and 86.66% transient GUS expression, and 43.75% and 13.3% regeneration frequency, respectively. Using split seed as an explant, better regeneration was observed in NCML 107 (14.86%) and CML 161 (7.5%) as compared to mature embryos, NCML 107 (10%) and CML 161 (2%). Here we report successful plant regeneration (regeneration medium supplemented with Kinetin + BAP) using split seeds as an explant. Our results demonstrate the capability of two elite maize inbred lines (NCML 107 & CML 161) for their amenability to Agrobacterium mediated transformation and better tissue culture response; hence can be selected in maize transformation studies for improving crop varieties for enhanced nutritional content and better adaptation.