bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A multimodal MRI study of XNKQ acupuncture for limb dysfunction after ischemic stroke: a randomized controlled study protocol
Authors: Tian Chunlei , Xiao Lingyong , Li Ruiyu , Chang Yinghui , Lv Zhe , Li Lanping , Zhao Shiqing , Dai Xiaoyu
Published: May 2024

Introduction

Limb motor dysfunction is one of the challenges in rehabilitation after cerebral ischemic stroke (CIS) and greatly affects the quality of life of patients. This study aims to investigate the central mechanisms of the curative effect with multimodal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), which will provide additional evidence to support the application of Xingnao Kaiqiao (XNKQ) acupuncture.

Methods and analysis

This trial is a randomized controlled trial. Patients who meet the criteria will be recruited and randomly divided into 2 groups. One group will receive acupuncture treatment and another group will not receive acupuncture treatment. Both groups will receive conventional treatment. In addition, 20 healthy individuals will be recruited who will not receive any treatment. The total course of treatment is 14 days. The primary outcome is multimodal MRI analysis. For safety assessment, adverse events will be observed and recorded.

Ethics and dissemination

The study involving human subjects was reviewed and approved by the Ethics Committee of IRB of The First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of TCM (TYLL2023[K]031). This study complied with the Declaration of Helsinki. Written informed consent about this study was provided by the participants. The results of this study will be published in a peer-reviewed journal.

Clinical trial registration

Chinese Clinical Trial Registration Center (ChiCTR2300078315) https://www.chictr.org.cn/.
Social capital and healthy eating among two ethnic minority groups in Yunnan Province, Southwest China: the mediating role of social support and nutrition knowledge
Authors: Zhang Qiang , Huangfu Chunrong , Wan Qingqing , Su Weiwei , Zhu Xiao , Yu Bin , Min Xiangdong , Liu Zhitao
Published: May 2024

Background

Although social capital has been linked to dietary intake particularly in disadvantaged populations, little is known about the mechanisms. This study aimed to investigate whether social support (SS) and nutrition knowledge (NK) mediate the association between social capital and healthy eating habits.

Methods

A probability sample of two ethnic minority groups in Yunnan Province, Southwest China were included (n = 1,033, mean age 47.5 ± 14.7 years). Bonding and bridging social capital (BOC and BRC) were assessed with the Personal Social Capital Scale (PSCS-16). Dietary data were evaluated with the Chinese Healthy Eating Index (CHEI), a measure of diet quality which reflects adherence to the Chinese Dietary Guidelines. NK and SS were measured with a validated questionnaire and scale, respectively. Structural Equation Modeling was used to calculate the direct, indirect and total effects of social capital on CHEI scores.

Results

The mean score of CHEI was 57.4 ± 9.8, which was significantly lower in men and older people. Low adherence to dietary guidelines were to observed in the consumption of dairy, beans, nuts, animal-source food vegetables and fruits. BOC and BRC were positively associated with CHEI score (β = 0.37 and 0.38, all p < 0.05). Social support and nutrition knowledge mediated 45.9 and 39.5% of the total effect of social capital on CHEI score, respectively.

Conclusion

Social capital appears to enhance adherence to dietary guidelines by improving nutrition knowledge and social support. Nutrition promotion programs therefore should consider incorporating strategies that foster social capital development, particularly in disadvantaged populations.
LINC00958 as new diagnostic and prognostic biomarker of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia of B cells
Authors: Altieri Filomena , Buono Lorena , Lanzilli Mariamichela , Mirabelli Peppino , Cianflone Alessandra , Beneduce Giuliana , De Matteo Antonia , Parasole Rosanna , Salvatore M. , Smaldone Giovanni
Published: May 2024

Background

Paediatric acute B-cell lymphoblastic leukaemia is the most common cancer of the paediatric age. Although the advancement of scientific and technological knowledge has ensured a huge step forward in the management of this disease, there are 15%–20% cases of recurrence leading to serious complications for the patient and sometimes even death. It is therefore necessary to identify new and increasingly personalised biomarkers capable of predicting the degree of risk of B-ALL in order to allow the correct management of paediatric leukaemia patients.

Methods

Starting from our previously published results, we validate the expression level of LINC00958 in a cohort of 33 B-ALL and 9 T-ALL childhood patients, using in-silico public datasets as support. Expression levels of LINC00958 in B-ALL patients stratified by risk (high risk vs. standard/medium risk) and who relapsed 3 years after the first leukaemia diagnosis were also evaluated.

Results

We identified the lncRNA LINC00958 as a biomarker of B-ALL, capable of discriminating B-ALL from T-ALL and healthy subjects. Furthermore, we associated LINC00958 expression levels with the disease risk classification (high risk and standard risk). Finally, we show that LINC00958 can be used as a predictor of relapses in patients who are usually stratified as standard risk and thus not always targeted for marrow transplantation.

Conclusions

Our results open the way to new diagnostic perspectives that can be directly used in clinical practice for a better management of B-ALL paediatric patients.
Case Report: Integrative naturopathic approach for the management of sequestered lumbar disc herniation with neurological impairments: a case series with two year follow up
Authors: Paudel Sunil , Paudel Chethana A. M. , Silwal Karishma
Published: May 2024

Lumbar Disc Herniation (LDH) is a common condition, and contemporary pain research emphasizes the importance of adopting a comprehensive biopsychosocial perspective in pain treatment for positive clinical outcomes. Integrated Naturopathy and Yoga (INY) is a non-invasive medical system that takes a holistic and patient-centric approach to healing diseases. However, there is limited evidence on the effectiveness of INY, particularly in managing Sequestered LDH. We present two cases of patients experiencing radicular low back pain, lower limb weakness, and neuro-claudication who opted for conservative naturopathic management with INY. Following the INY treatments, both patients reported gradual relief from lower back pain, radicular pain, and neurological deficits. These findings are significant and contribute valuable evidence, suggesting that INY could be a viable therapeutic approach for managing sequestered LDH. This represents the first report on a non-invasive method for resolving sequestered LDH by utilizing INY.
A systematic review and meta-analysis of Danshen combined with mesalazine for the treatment of ulcerative colitis
Authors: Zhang Wei , Xiong Peiyu , Liu Junyu , Hu Hengchang , Song Li , Liu Xinglong , Jia Bo
Published: May 2024

Purpose: Current pharmacological treatments for Ulcerative Colitis (UC) have limitations. Therefore, it is important to elucidate any available alternative or complementary treatment, and Chinese herbal medicine shows the potential for such treatment. As a traditional Chinese herbal medicine, Danshen-related preparations have been reported to be beneficial for UC by improving coagulation function and inhibiting inflammatory responses. In spite of this, the credibility and safety of this practice are incomplete. Therefore, in order to investigate whether Danshen preparation (DSP) is effective and safe in the treatment of UC, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Methods: PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang Database and CQVIP Database were searched for this review.The main observation indexes were the effect of DSP combined with mesalazine or DSP on the effective rate, platelet count (PLT), mean platelet volume (MPV) and C-reactive protein (CRP) of UC. The Cochrane risk of bias tool was used to assess the risk of bias. The selected studies were evaluated for quality and data processing using RevMan5.4 and Stata17.0 software.

Results: A total of 37 studies were included. Among them, 26 clinical trials with 2426 patients were included and 11 animal experimental studies involving 208 animals were included. Meta-analysis results showed that compared with mesalazine alone, combined use of DSP can clearly improve the clinical effective rate (RR 0.86%, 95% CI:0.83–0.88, p < 0.00001) of UC. Furthermore it improved blood coagulation function by decreasing serum PLT and increasing MPV levels, and controlled inflammatory responses by reducing serum CRP, TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-8 levels in patients.

Conclusion: Combining DSP with mesalazine for UC can enhance clinical efficacy. However, caution should be exercised in interpreting the results of this review due to its flaws, such as allocation concealment and uncertainty resulting from the blinding of the study.

Systematic Review Registration: http://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/myprospero.php, identifier PROSPERO: CRD42022293287
The protective effect of natural medicines in rheumatoid arthritis via inhibit angiogenesis
Authors: Gao Chang , Song Xiao-Di , Chen Fang-Hui , Wei Gui-Lin , Guo Chun-Yu
Published: May 2024

Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic immunological disease leading to the progressive bone and joint destruction. Angiogenesis, accompanied by synovial hyperplasia and inflammation underlies joint destruction. Delaying or even blocking synovial angiogenesis has emerged as an important target of RA treatment. Natural medicines has a long history of treating RA, and numerous reports have suggested that natural medicines have a strong inhibitory activity on synovial angiogenesis, thereby improving the progression of RA. Natural medicines could regulate the following signaling pathways: HIF/VEGF/ANG, PI3K/Akt pathway, MAPKs pathway, NF-κB pathway, PPARγ pathway, JAK2/STAT3 pathway, etc., thereby inhibiting angiogenesis. Tripterygium wilfordii Hook. f. (TwHF), sinomenine, and total glucoside of Paeonia lactiflora Pall. Are currently the most representative of all natural products worthy of development and utilization. In this paper, the main factors affecting angiogenesis were discussed and different types of natural medicines that inhibit angiogenesis were systematically summarized. Their specific anti-angiogenesis mechanisms are also reviewed which aiming to provide new perspective and options for the management of RA by targeting angiogenesis.
High-gain lithium niobate brillouin laser with tunable phonon frequency of 1∼31 GHz
Authors: Liu Huibo , Yu Yu , Li Kai , Yu Hengzhe , Wu Di , Wang Yulei , Lu Zhiwei
Published: May 2024

Stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) is a significant nonlinear optical phenomenon utilized across various fields. Its applications span optical sensing, microwave photonics, and all-optical signal processing. In the current information-driven era, the laser industry is imposing increasingly stringent demands on laser technologies, thus propelling integrable on-chip SBS devices into a pivotal research trajectory. Simultaneously, the quest for materials manifesting heightened SBS effects has emerged as a primary focal point in optical fiber transmission endeavors. Lithium niobate (LN) stands out as a promising nonlinear optical material endowed with numerous exemplary attributes. These encompass a high refractive index, fostering potent photon-phonon interactions, low loss characteristics, and high integration potential. Consequently, employing LN as a material for Brillouin lasers promises to enhance certain aspects of laser performance and enable more comprehensive research into Brillouin lasers. In this paper, a micro-ring waveguide structure with LN as the main material is constructed, and the forward gain of stimulated Brillouin scattering, the distribution of electric field in multiple modes and the maximum tunable range are further analyzed. The simulation results exhibit that the tunable forward SBS effect can be achieved in the LN optical waveguides, the maximum forward Brillouin gain can reach 1.34W−1 m−1. Additionally, the tunable phonon frequency can range from 1 GHz to 31 GHz, effectively doubling that of silicon ring waveguides and thus extending the range of phonon tunability. Therefore, the LN micro-ring waveguide structure provides a new reference direction for the construction of a new tunable laser and a new idea for the generation of lasers to find a Brillouin medium with high SBS effect.
Exogenous and endogenous antioxidants in osteoporosis risk: causal associations unveiled by Mendelian Randomization analysis
Authors: Li Yuancheng , Qi Huaqian , Huang Xin , Lu Gang , Pan Huashan
Published: May 2024

Background

Recent epidemiological studies and animal experiments have highlighted the significant role of oxidative stress in the development of osteoporosis (OP). The provision of antioxidants is widely considered a fundamental strategy to combat free radical-induced stress, inhibit oxidative damage, and potentially reverse the adverse effects of oxidative stress on bone health. However, there is no consensus in the scientific literature regarding the practical effectiveness of antioxidants in OP prevention and treatment. Some studies have not shown a clear connection between antioxidant supplementation and decreased OP risk. Therefore, it is essential to clarify the potential causal relationship between antioxidants and the development of OP.

Methods

The study utilized the inverse variance weighted (IVW) approach as the primary analytical method in the Mendelian Randomization (MR) framework to investigate the causal effects of five exogenous and six endogenous antioxidants on the risk of OP. To thoroughly assess potential pleiotropic effects and heterogeneity among the data analyzed, the MR-Egger intercept test was employed, and Cochran’s Q statistic was calculated.

Results

In the evaluation of exogenous antioxidants, single-directional two-sample MR analyses did not reveal any statistically significant relationship between these agents and the risk of OP. Regarding endogenous antioxidants, bidirectional two-sample MR analyses were conducted, which generally indicated that most genetically regulated endogenous antioxidants had no significant association with the onset risk of OP. A significant causal relationship was found between OP and serum albumin levels (β: −0.0552, 95%CI: −0.0879 to −0.0225, p< 0.0011 after Bonferroni adjustment, power = 100%).

Conclusion

The research uncovers OP as a possible determinant contributing to a decrement in serum albumin levels, and further suggests a potentially intimate relationship between the downward trajectory of serum albumin concentrations and the advancement of the OP disease process.
Effects of sexual assault vs. other traumatic experiences on emotional and cannabis use outcomes in regular cannabis users with trauma histories: moderation by gender?
Authors: Stewart Sherry H. , Khoury Juliana M. B. , Watt Margo C. , Collins Pamela , DeGrace Sarah , Romero-Sanchiz Pablo
Published: May 2024

Introduction

While sexual assault may have particularly adverse emotional effects compared with other forms of trauma, it remains unclear which emotional outcome dimensions are impacted, whether cannabis outcomes are similarly impacted, and whether gender differences exist in sexual assault’s links with these outcomes.

Methods

N = 100 cannabis users with trauma histories (M age = 33.1) completed standardized measures of demographics, trauma exposure, posttraumatic stress (PTS) and depressive symptoms, hopelessness, and cannabis outcomes (frequency, medicinal prescription, motives, and craving).

Results

Sexual assault was experienced more often by women (83.9%) than men (31.8%). A series of 2 × 2 analyses of variance [gender: women (n = 56) vs. men (n = 44) × trauma type: sexual assault (n = 61) vs. other (n = 39)] and logistic regression revealed that sexual assault survivors scored higher than other trauma survivors on re-experiencing and hyperarousal PTS symptoms (DSM-5 Clusters B and E), cognitive depressive symptoms, hopelessness, cannabis use frequency, medicinal cannabis prescription, cannabis use to cope with psychological symptoms, and compulsivity craving; and lower on social and enhancement cannabis use motives. In terms of gender main effects, women scored higher than men on cannabis use to cope with negative emotions. In terms of interactions for PTS Cluster D symptoms (negative alterations in mood/cognitions), among men only, sexual assault survivors scored higher than other trauma survivors; and for cannabis enhancement motives and purposefulness cannabis craving, among sexual assault survivors only, women scored higher than men.

Discussion

Across many different trauma, women survivors’ use of cannabis to cope with negative affect should be a specific therapeutic focus. Moreover, we identified specific emotional and cannabis use outcomes that should be of specific clinical concern among sexual assault survivors regardless of gender. Finally, in terms of gender differences of clinical interest among sexual assault survivors, while PTS Cluster D symptoms should be specific treatment targets in men, cannabis enhancement motives and purposefulness craving should be treatment targets in women.
Parenting children with disabilities in Sweden: a cluster-analysis of parenting stress and sufficiency of informal and formal support
Authors: Täljedal Torun , Granlund Mats , Osman Fatumo , Norén Selinus Eva , Fängström Karin
Published: May 2024

Objective

To investigate patterns of parenting stress and access to sufficient informal and formal support among parents of children with disabilities. To explore whether child cognitive level, conduct problems and the need of language interpretation in contacts between parents and professionals are associated with patterns of parenting stress and support.

Method

Parents (N = 140) of children with disabilities in Sweden completed a questionnaire about parenting stress and support. Patterns of three variables—parenting stress and access to sufficient informal and formal support—were investigated using cluster analysis. The relationship of child cognitive level, level of conduct problems and of language interpretation needs between parents and professionals to cluster membership was explored using multinomial logistic regression.

Results

Five different clusters of parenting stress and support emerged. Parents in cluster 1 had lower than sample mean ratings on all three variables. Cluster 2 had elevated parenting stress, cluster 3 had elevated insufficient informal support and cluster 4 had elevated insufficient formal support. Cluster 5 had elevated ratings on all three variables. Greater child cognitive difficulties increased the likelihood of parent membership in cluster 2 (elevated stress), cluster 3 (elevated insufficient informal support), or cluster 5 (elevated ratings on all variables). Child conduct problems increased the likelihood of membership in cluster 2 (elevated stress) or cluster 5 (elevated ratings on all variables). No relationship between language interpretation needs and cluster membership was found.

Conclusions

Patterns of parenting stress and sufficiency of support, and their associations with child characteristics, vary substantially. However, families of children with conduct problems experiencing elevated parenting stress in combination with insufficient informal and formal support, may be particularly vulnerable. The results of the current study highlight the clinical importance of exploring and identifying individual parenting stressors and perceived levels of support, to be able to adapt services to better suit a variety of needs, and thus promote equitable care.
Can I catch this ball and do I know if I can? Characterizing the affordance of interceptability for oneself
Authors: Damle Samruddhi , Bootsma Reinoud J. , Zaal Frank T. J. M.
Published: May 2024

In this study, we aimed to characterize the affordance of interceptability for oneself using a manual lateral interception paradigm. We asked a two-fold research question: (1) What makes a virtual ball interceptable or not? (2) How reliably can individuals perceive this affordance for oneself? We hypothesized that a spatiotemporal boundary would determine the interceptability of a ball, and that individuals would be able to perceive this boundary and make accurate perceptual judgments regarding their own interceptability. To test our hypotheses, we administered a manual lateral interception task to 15 subjects. They were first trained on the task, which was followed by two experimental sessions: action and judging. In the former, participants were instructed to intercept as many virtual balls as possible using a hand-held slider to control an on-screen paddle. In the latter session, while making interceptions, participants were instructed to call “no” as soon as they perceived a ball to be uninterceptable. Using generalized linear modeling on the data, we found a handful of factors that best characterized the affordance of interceptability. As hypothesized, distance to be covered and ball flight time shaped the boundary between interceptable and uninterceptable balls. Surprisingly, the angle of approach of the ball also co-determined interceptability. Altogether, these variables characterized the actualized interceptability. Secondly, participants accurately perceived their own ability to intercept balls on over 75% of trials, thus supporting our hypothesis on perceived interceptability. Analyses revealed that participants considered this action boundary while making their perceptual judgments. Our results imply that the perceiving and actualizing of interceptability are characterized by a combination of the same set of variables.
Causal associations between chronic viral hepatitis and psychiatric disorders: a Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Fu Haoshuang , Jiang Shaowen , Song Shuying , Zhang Chenxi , Xie Qing
Published: May 2024

Background

There may be an interaction between viral hepatitis and psychiatric disorders during disease progression. Herein, we conducted Mendelian randomization (MR) to explore the causal associations and mediators between viral hepatitis and psychiatric disorders.

Methods

Genome-wide association studies summary data for viral hepatitis [including chronic hepatitis B (CHB) and chronic hepatitis C (CHC)] and psychiatric disorders (including depression, anxiety, schizophrenia, obsessive-compulsive disorder, bipolar disorder, and post-traumatic stress disorder) were obtained. Two-sample MR was performed to assess the causal associations between viral hepatitis and psychiatric disorders. Further, a mediation analysis was conducted to evaluate the potential mediators. Inverse-variance weighted, MR-Egger, and weighted median were used as the main methods, while a sensitivity analysis was performed to evaluate pleiotropy and heterogeneity.

Results

There was no causal effect of CHB/CHC on psychiatric disorders, as well as psychiatric disorders on CHB. However, schizophrenia presented a causal effect on increased CHC risk [odds ratio (OR)=1.378, 95%CI: 1.012–1.876]. Further, a mediation analysis identified coffee consumption and body mass index as mediators in the effect of schizophrenia on CHC, mediating 3.75% (95%CI: 0.76%–7.04%) and 0.94% (95%CI: 0.00%–1.70%) proportion, respectively.

Conclusion

We revealed that schizophrenia patients faced a high risk of CHC, and insufficient coffee consumption and underweight could mediate the causal effect of schizophrenia on CHC. The prevention of hepatitis C might be a beneficial strategy for patients with schizophrenia. The right amount of nutrition supplements and coffee consumption might be part of a beneficial lifestyle in preventing the high CHC risk in patients with schizophrenia.
Cadmium accumulation and transfer in yellowish-brown and limestone soils of five potato varieties based on a pot experiment in the central Hanjiang River basin
Authors: Qi Xin , Luo Kai , Li Yuqi , Zhang Yi , Fang Yuan , Yang Meiling
Published: May 2024

Introduction

The contamination of farmland soil with the heavy metal cadmium (Cd) has consistently been a globally recognized environmental issue, especially with the rapid development of the central part of the Hanjiang River basin. The Cd contamination has become increasingly serious, and the accumulation and translocation of Cd in the soil-crop system warrant further research.

Methods

In this study, representative yellowish-brown soil and limestone soil from Hubei Province in China, as well as five varieties of potato (Solanum tuberosum L), were selected to investigate Cd accumulation and transfer regulation from soil to plants using pot tests at varying Cd concentration levels.

Results and discussion

For Eshu-12, Favorita, Huashu-6, Mira, and Zhongshu-5, the accumulation capacity of Cd in different parts exhibits a consistent pattern: Cdroot > Cdstem > Cdleaf > Cdtuber. The potato varieties exhibited distinct differences in Cd concentration, as follows: CdFavorita > CdMira > CdEshu-12 > CdHuashu-6 > CdZhongshu-5. The yellowish-brown soil demonstrated a higher accumulation and lower transport capacity to the plants of Cd, while limestone soil exhibited the opposite trend. The bio-concentration factor and transfer coefficients in yellowish-brown soil revealed significant (p < 0.05) accumulation and transformation of Cd in potatoes.

Conclusion and recommendations

This significant accumulation of Cd posed a higher risk of transfer through the food chain. Therefore, in the Hanjiang River basin, where Cd contamination is a concern, the cultivation of potatoes in limestone soil is more advisable than yellowish-brown soil to mitigate food safety risks.
Negative Medium-Voltage Direct Current Discharges in Air under Simulated Sub-Atmospheric Pressures for All-Electric Aircraft
Authors: Kalakonda Sai Pavan , Hamidieh Mohammad , Bhojwani Adil , Ghassemi Mona
Published: May 2024

The increase in the global temperature due to greenhouse gas emissions is a major concern to the world. To achieve the goal of zero emissions by 2050 in the USA the practical realization of all-electric vehicles, particularly all-electric aircraft (AEA), is important. For the design of electrical power systems (EPSs) in all-electric aircraft, a bipolar medium-voltage direct current (MVDC) system of ±5 kV is being investigated. However, several challenges manifest when using such voltages in a low-pressure environment. One of the main challenges is the partial discharge (PD) behavior of the insulation. It is important to study the PD behavior of the insulation by simulating the aviation environment in the lab. This work aimed to study the partial discharge behavior of air under a negative DC voltage in a needle-to-plane electrode geometry by simulating the aviation pressures in the lab. The partial discharge inception voltage (PDIV) and the breakdown voltage (BDV) show an obvious pressure-dependent variation. Regression analysis was performed to better understand the relationship between the PDIV and pressures. Plots were drawn for the average discharge current at each voltage step until breakdown. This paper’s findings can provide valuable insight into the design of EPS for an AEA. To the best of our knowledge, such a study has not been carried out to date.
Built On-Orbit Robotically Assembled Gigatruss (BORG): Ground Robotic Demonstration
Authors: Chapin Samantha , Everson Holly , Chapin William , Komendera Erik
Published: May 2024

The next generation of large space infrastructure will require crucial advancements in current technology. Current methodologies focus on large deployable structures folded into cramped payload fairings or revolutionary assembly techniques requiring many moving components. Utilizing both in-space assembly and deployable concepts, a hybrid mixed assembly scheme was posed using smaller deployable units interspersed with rigid connecting elements to assemble these large architectures. The Built On-Orbit Robotically Assembled Gigatruss (BORG) structure allows for modularity in assembly and repair with the number of separate elements comprising the structure to be reduced, compared to strut-by-strut assembly. The following documents the process of constructing and running physical trials on a prototype BORG architecture. Additionally, a Semantic and Fiducial Aided Graph Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SF-GraphSLAM) approach is taken to verify the relation of assembled and deployed truss elements to aid in error evaluation and state estimation. This technology demonstration stands as a proof of concept in verifying the viability of the BORG architecture as a method for large structure assembly.
Temporal Analysis of the Relationship between Black Bean Aphid (Aphis fabae) Infestation and Meteorological Conditions in Faba Bean (Vicia faba)
Authors: Almogdad Mohammad , Lavrukaitė Karolina , Semaškienė Roma
Published: May 2024

Faba beans (Vicia faba L.) face threats from pests like the black bean aphid (Aphis fabae S.). By understanding the intricate interactions between environmental factors and pest dynamics, we aim to enhance pest management practices in leguminous crop production for improved efficiency and sustainability. A field experiment spanning three growing seasons (2021–2023) explored the link between meteorological parameters and A. fabae abundance in V. faba. Weekly field inspections documented aphid levels alongside concurrent meteorological data. Correlation and multiple linear regression were used to evaluate these relationships. Aphid infestation varied annually, appearing in 2021 and 2023 but not in 2022. Peak density aligned with specific growth stages, indicating temporal variability. In 2023, a significant surge of 1157.4% to 2126.0% compared to 2021 levels highlighted population dynamics in response to environmental factors. Negative correlations with total rainfall were consistent in both years, while positive correlations with maximum temperature and relative humidity were observed. Multiple linear regression attributed 67.1% to 99.9% of aphid abundance variance to the meteorological parameters, emphasizing their role in predicting aphid populations. Our study sheds light on the complex relationship between meteorological parameters and A. fabae dynamics, offering valuable insights into factors impacting aphid abundance in V. faba.
Analysis of an Evaporative Cooling Pad Connected to an Air Distribution System of Perforated Polyethylene Tubes in a Greenhouse
Authors: Pardo-Pina Sofía , Ferrández-Pastor Javier , Rodríguez Francisco , Cámara-Zapata José M.
Published: May 2024

The increase in ambient temperature decreases crop yields. Therefore, greenhouse cooling techniques can be considered adaptation strategies to climate change. To improve the efficiency of crop production, semi-closed greenhouses are utilized, which reduce the mass and energy transfer from the greenhouse. Frequently, these types of structures include an evaporative panel and a distribution system through perforated inflated ducts. To further improve the management of this type of installation, the present work models its behavior. The proper functioning of these installations greatly depends on temperature, as well as the relative humidity of the exterior air. The results show how the exterior climate conditions affect the values of temperature and relative humidity inside the greenhouse due to its effect on the value of evaporative cooling. The cooling capacity of the air per unit mass of evaporated water is reduced when the temperature and/or humidity of the air to be treated in the evaporative panel increases. Thus, when the exterior air is at 40 °C and its relative humidity is 75%, its temperature after passing through the evaporative panel is 15 °C higher than when the initial state of the exterior air is 30 °C and 30%. The effect of the use of frequency drivers in the fans on energy consumption has also been evaluated. A reduction of 8% in the frequency value causes a 22% decrease in the power consumed and a 15% pressure drop in the circuit. Therefore, reducing the frequency of electrical energy can contribute to energy savings without affecting the climate inside the greenhouse.
Organic Trace Elements Improve the Eggshell Quality via Eggshell Formation Regulation during the Late Phase of the Laying Cycle
Authors: Yang Songfeng , Deng Haibin , Zhu Jiahao , Shi Yiru , Luo Junyi , Chen Ting , Sun Jiajie , Zhang Yongliang , Xi Qianyun
Published: May 2024

The quality of eggshells is critical to the egg production industry. The addition of trace elements has been shown to be involved in eggshell formation. Organic trace elements have been found to have higher biological availability than inorganic trace elements. However, the effects of organic trace elements additive doses on eggshell quality during the laying period of commercial laying hens required further investigation. This experiment aims to explore the potential mechanisms of different doses of organic trace elements replacing inorganic elements to remodel the eggshell quality of egg-laying hens during the laying period. A total of 360 healthy hens (Lohmann Pink, 45-week-old) were randomly divided into four treatments, with six replications per treatment and 15 birds per replication. The dietary treatments included a basal diet supplemented with inorganic iron, copper, zinc and manganese at commercial levels (CON), a basal diet supplemented with organic iron, copper, zinc and manganese at 20% commercial levels (LOT), a basal diet supplemented with organic iron, copper, zinc and manganese at 30% commercial levels (MOT), and a basal diet supplemented with organic iron, copper, zinc and manganese at 40% commercial levels (HOT). The trial lasted for 8 weeks. The results of the experiment showed that the replacement of organic trace elements did not significantly affect the production performance of laying hens (p > 0.05). Compared with inorganic trace elements, the MOT and HOT groups improved the structure of the eggshells, enhanced the hardness and thickness of the eggshells, increased the Haugh unit of the eggs, reduced the proportion of the mammillary layer in the eggshell, and increased the proportion of the palisade layer (p < 0.05). In addition, the MOT and HOT groups also increased the enzyme activity related to carbonate transport in the blood, the expression of uterine shell gland-related genes (CA2, OC116, and OCX32), and the calcium and phosphorus content in the eggshells (p < 0.05). We also found that the MOT group effectively reduced element discharge in the feces and enhanced the transportation of iron (p < 0.05). In conclusion, dietary supplementation with 30–40% organic micronutrients were able to improve eggshell quality in aged laying hens by modulating the activity of serum carbonate transport-related enzymes and the expression of eggshell deposition-related genes.
Human–Wildlife Conflict Mitigation Based on Damage, Distribution, and Activity: A Case Study of Wild Boar in Zhejiang, Eastern China
Authors: Liu Junchen , Zhao Shanshan , Tan Liping , Wang Jianwu , Song Xiao , Zhang Shusheng , Chen Feng , Xu Aichun
Published: May 2024

Human–wildlife conflicts are becoming increasingly common worldwide and are a challenge to biodiversity management. Compared with compensatory management, which often focuses on solving emergency conflicts, mitigation management allows decision-makers to better understand where the damage is distributed, how the species are distributed and when the species conduct their activity. Here, we integrated data collected from 90 districts/counties’ damage surveys and 1271 camera traps to understand the damage status, abundance, density and activity rhythms of wild boar (Sus scrofa) in Zhejiang, Eastern China, from January 2019 to August 2023. We found that (1) wild boar–human conflicts were mainly distributed in the northwest and southwest mountainous regions of Zhejiang Province; (2) the total abundance of wild boar was 115,156 ± 24,072 individuals, indicating a growing trend over the past decade and a higher density in the western and southern regions; (3) wild boar exhibited different activity patterns across different damage regions, and the periods around 7:00, 11:00 and 16:00 represented activity peaks for wild boar in seriously damaged regions. The damage distribution, density, distribution and activity rhythms provide specific priority regions and activity intensity peaks for conflict mitigation. We believe that these findings based on the damage, distribution and activity could provide a scientific basis for mitigation management at the county level and enrich the framework of human–wildlife conflict mitigation.
Fasting-Induced Molting Impacts the Intestinal Health by Altering the Gut Microbiota
Authors: Zhang Hao , Zhang Yihui , Gong Yujie , Zhang Jun , Li Donghua , Tian Yadong , Han Ruili , Guo Yujie , Sun Guirong , Li Wenting , Zhang Yanhua , Zhao Xinlong , Zhang Xiaoran , Wang Pengyu , Kang Xiangtao , Jiang Ruirui
Published: May 2024

Fasting-induced molting (FIM) is a common method used to improve the laying performance of aged laying hens. Nevertheless, this approach may impose various stresses on chickens, such as disruptions in intestinal flora and inflammation issues within the intestines. However, the impact of an imbalance in intestinal flora on intestinal health during the FIM process remains elusive. Therefore, intestinal injury, the microbiome, and the metabolome were analyzed individually and integrated to elucidate the impact of the intestinal flora on intestinal health during the FIM process. The findings indicated that fasting resulted in a notable reduction in villus height and villus/crypt ratio, coupled with elevated levels of intestinal inflammation and permeability. During the fasting period, microbiota compositions changed. The abundance of Escherichia_Shigella increased, while the abundance of Ruminococcaceae_UCG-013 and Lactobacillus decreased. Escherichia_Shigella was positively correlated with Citrinin and Sterobilin, which lead to intestinal inflammation. Ruminococcaceae_UCG-013 and Lactobacillus exhibited positive correlations with Lanthionine and reduced Glutathione, thereby reducing intestinal inflammation. This study screened the intestinal probiotics, Ruminococcaceae UCG-013 and Lactobacillus, that influence gut health during the fasting period, providing an experimental basis for improving gut microbiota and reducing intestinal inflammation during the FIM process.
Zinc Supplementation Improves Texture, Oxidative Stability of Caciotta Cheese and Reduces Biogenic Amines Production
Authors: Sorice Carmela , Ianni Andrea , Bennato Francesca , Bellocci Mirella , Pavone Valentina , Grotta Lisa , Chaves López Clemencia , Martino Giuseppe
Published: May 2024

Zinc is essential for animals, playing a vital role in enzyme systems and various biochemical reactions. It is crucial to ensure a sufficient intake of zinc through the diet to maintain efficient homeostasis. Only few studies on zinc effect in cow lactating diet evaluated the effects on milk and cheese quality, with conflicting findings. 24 cows of the Friesian breed were divided into two groups (CTR: control and TRT: treated group). Cows were selected for age, body weight, parity and phase of lactations (mid lactation, 140–160 days). CTR diet contained 38 mg/kg of Zn and TRT diet was supplied with 120 mg/kg of complete feed for 60 days. The objective of current investigation was to evaluate the impact of a dietary Zinc Oxide (ZnO) integration of lactating Friesian cows on chemical composition, zinc content, fatty acid and proteic profile, ammine content, pH, aw, texture, and sensory profile of cheese and to improve the chemical-nutritional quality of milk and cheese. The results showed that ZnO supplementation reduced mesophilic aerobic bacteria and Presumptive Pseudomonas spp. growth, proteolysis, biogenic amines content, lipid oxidation, odour intensity and sour and increased hardness, gumminess, chewiness, elasticity of cheese. Biogenic amines are considered an important aspect of food safety. ZnO integration in cow diet could represent a promising strategy for improving the quality, the safety and shelf-life of caciotta cheese.
Comparison between Ultrasonographic-Guided Temporal and Coronoid Approaches for Trigeminal Nerve Block in Dogs: A Cadaveric Study
Authors: Gutiérrez Bautista Álvaro Jesús , Mikic Manon , Otero Pablo E. , Rega Virginia , Medina-Bautista Francisco , Redondo José Ignacio , Kästner Sabine , Wang-Leandro Adriano
Published: May 2024

The trigeminal nerve is responsible for innervating the periorbita. Ultrasound-guided trigeminal block is employed in humans for trigeminal neuralgia or periorbital surgery. There are no studies evaluating this block in dogs. This study aims to evaluate and compare two approaches (coronoid and temporal) of the trigeminal nerve block. We hypothesised superior staining with the coronoid approach. Thirteen dog heads were used. After a preliminary anatomical study, two ultrasound-guided injections per head (right and left, coronoid and temporal approach, randomly assigned), with an injectate volume of 0.15 mL cm−1 of cranial length, were performed (iodinated contrast and tissue dye mixture). The ultrasound probe was placed over the temporal region, visualising the pterygopalatine fossa. For the temporal approach, the needle was advanced from the medial aspect of the temporal region in a dorsoventral direction. For the coronoid approach, it was advanced ventral to the zygomatic arch in a lateromedial direction. CT scans and dissections were conducted to assess and compare the position of the needle, the spread of the injectate, and nerve staining. No significant differences were found. Both approaches demonstrated the effective interfascial distribution of the injectate, with some minimal intracranial spread. Although the coronoid approach did not yield superior staining as hypothesised, it presents a viable alternative to the temporal approach. Studies in live animals are warranted to evaluate clinical efficacy and safety.
Feeding a Multi-Enzyme Blend to Enhance the Nutrient Digestibility of Wheat-Canola Expeller Diets in Ileal-Cannulated Weaned Pigs
Authors: Soderstrom A. Janine , Wang Li Fang , Patterson Rob , Beltranena Eduardo , Zijlstra Ruurd T.
Published: May 2024

Canola expeller (CE) contains ~200 g/kg residual oil, but also fiber that impairs nutrient digestibility in weaned pigs. To study if feed enzymes increase digestibility, six diets containing either the basal or two CE samples mixed in at 250 g/kg (CE-A or CE-B) were formulated with or without a multi-enzyme blend containing cellulase, xylanase, glucanase, amylase, protease, invertase, and pectinase. The basal diet containing 620 g/kg wheat and 150 g/kg barley served as control. Twelve ileal-cannulated barrows (9–15 kg) were fed the six diets in a replicated 6 (pigs) × 3 (periods) Youden square. Ileal digestibility of gross energy and amino acids was 5% greater for basal than CE diets without differences between CE samples. Diet energy values were 4% greater for CE than basal diets due to residual oil in CE. Inclusion of the multi-enzyme blend increased total tract digestibility of energy of the basal but not CE diets by 2%. Net energy value was greater for CE-A than CE-B because CE-A contained more residual oil. In conclusion, feeding 250 g/kg CE increased diet energy values; thus, CE can substitute added fat in weaned pig diets. Feeding the multi-enzyme blend increased the energy digestibility of wheat and barley-based diets fed to weaned pigs. However, research is needed to identify enzyme combinations that increase the nutrient digestibility of CE.
A Comparative Full-Length Transcriptome Analysis Using Oxford Nanopore Technologies (ONT) in Four Tissues of Bovine Origin
Authors: Liu Xinyue , Wu Jiaxin , Li Meichen , Zuo Fuyuan , Zhang Gongwei
Published: May 2024

The transcriptome complexity and splicing patterns in male and female cattle are ambiguous, presenting a substantial obstacle to genomic selection programs that seek to improve productivity, disease resistance, and reproduction in cattle. A comparative transcriptomic analysis using Oxford Nanopore Technologies (ONT) was conducted in bovine testes (TESTs), ovaries (OVAs), muscles (MUSCs), and livers (LIVs). An average of 5,144,769 full-length reads were obtained from each sample. The TESTs were found to have the greatest number of alternative polyadenylation (APA) events involved in processes such as sperm flagellum development and fertilization in male reproduction. In total, 438 differentially expressed transcripts (DETs) were identified in the LIVs in a comparison of females vs. males, and 214 DETs were identified in the MUSCs between females and males. Additionally, 14,735, 36,347, and 33,885 DETs were detected in MUSC vs. LIV, MUSC vs. TEST, and OVA vs. TEST comparisons, respectively, revealing the complexity of the TEST. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) showed that these DETs were mainly involved in the “spermatogenesis”, “flagellated sperm motility”, “spermatid development”, “reproduction”, “reproductive process”, and “microtubule-based movement” KEGG pathways. Additional studies are necessary to further characterize the transcriptome in different cell types, developmental stages, and physiological conditions in bovines and ascertain the functions of the novel transcripts.
Bovine DDX3X Restrains Bovine SP110c-Mediated Activation of Inflammasome in Macrophages
Authors: Li Zhunan , Han Jing , Jing Jiayi , Fan Ajiao , Zhang Yong , Gao Yuanpeng
Published: May 2024

The inflammasome is a vital part of the host’s innate immunity activated by cellular infection or stress. Our previous research identified the bovine SP110c isoform (bSP110c) as a novel activator of the inflammasome that promoted the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-18 in macrophages infected with Listeria monocytogenes or stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). However, the exact molecular mechanism for inhibiting bSP110c-induced inflammasome activation requires further clarification. Here, the researchers identified bovine DDX3X (bDDX3X) as an NLRP3-associated protein and an inhibitor of the bSP110c-induced inflammasome in the human THP1 macrophage cell line. Immunoprecipitation showed that bDDX3X interacted with the bSP110c CARD domain via its helicase domain. The co-expression of bSP110c and bDDX3X in THP1 macrophages significantly prevented the bSP110c-induced activation of inflammasomes. In addition, both bDDX3X and bSP110c interacted with bovine NLRP3 (bNLRP3), and bDDX3X enhanced the interaction between bSP110c and bNLRP3. The expression of bDDX3X in nigericin-stimulated THP1 macrophages significantly suppressed NLRP3 inflammasome activation, ASC speck formation, and pyroptosis. These findings demonstrate that bDDX3X negatively regulates the bSP110c-mediated inflammatory response by restricting the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome. This discovery unveils a novel regulatory mechanism involving bDDX3X and bSP110c in coordinating inflammasome activation and subsequent cell-fate decisions in LPS-treated macrophages and, in turn, constitutes a step forward toward the implementation of marker-assisted selection in breeding programs aimed at utilizing cattle’s immune defenses.