bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Transcriptional profiling of long non-coding RNAs in mantle of Crassostrea gigas and their association with shell pigmentation
Authors: Feng Dandan , Li Qi , Yu Hong , Kong Lingfeng , Du Shaojun
Published: January 2018

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play crucial roles in diverse biological processes and have drawn extensive attention in the past few years. However, lncRNAs remain poorly understood about expression and roles in Crassostrea gigas, a potential model organism for marine molluscan studies. Here, we systematically identified lncRNAs in the mantles of C. gigas from four full-sib families characterized by white, black, golden, and partially pigmented shell. Using poly(A)-independent and strand-specific RNA-seq, a total of 441,205,852 clean reads and 12,243 lncRNA transcripts were obtained. LncRNA transcripts were relatively short with few exons and low levels of expression in comparison to protein coding mRNA transcripts. A total of 427 lncRNAs and 349 mRNAs were identified to differentially express among six pairwise groups, mainly involving in biomineralization and pigmentation through functional enrichment. Furthermore, a total of 6 mRNAs and their cis-acting lncRNAs were predicted to involve in synthesis of melanin, carotenoid, tetrapyrrole, or ommochrome. Of them, chorion peroxidase and its cis-acting lincRNA TCONS_00951105 are implicated in playing an essential role in the melanin synthetic pathway. Our studies provided the first systematic characterization of lncRNAs catalog expressed in oyster mantle, which may facilitate understanding the molecular regulation of shell colour diversity and provide new insights into future selective breeding of C. gigas for aquaculture.
Infrared Food Processing Technology: Fundamentals and Case Studies of Recent Advances in Grain Processing
Authors: Atungulu Griffiths G.
Published: January 2018

Infrared-based heating is known to deliver higher heat fluxes compared with conventional convective heated air. The high heat flux causes a rapid temperature rise in heated products, and hence has been reported to reduce significantly the thermal processing time of foods. However, for the technology to be successfully developed and commercialized in the food industry, it is vital that relevant processing applications be optimized for energy use efficiency and improved product quality and safety. In the past two decades, researchers have made significant progress in elucidating the mechanism of infrared heating of food products and interactions between infrared radiation and food components. The design and development of new infrared emitters have continued to advance processing efficiency. The potential to use selected infrared wavelengths and optimize wavelength interactions with biological materials for specialized food processing is gaining attention; this is poised to make the technology versatile and attractive for processing unique products. This chapter introduces infrared-based heating technology, documents underlying engineering principles of the technology, and illustrates, by highlighting recent case studies, the status of the technology with emphasis on grain processing-related applications. The information presented is expected to be of great value to grain processing engineers, quality control and safety managers, educators, and researchers.
Tuning mechanical behaviour by controlling the structure of a series of theophylline co-crystals
Authors: Kakkar Shubhangi , Bhattacharya Biswajit , Reddy C. Malla , Ghosh Soumyajit
Published: January 2018

Six new co-crystals of theophylline with some substituted carboxylic acids, amides and one active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) have been synthesized.
Rationally designed hierarchical N-doped carbon@NiCo2O4 double-shelled nanoboxes for enhanced visible light CO2 reduction
Authors: Wang Sibo , Guan Bu Yuan , Lou Xiong Wen (David)
Published: January 2018

Hierarchical N-doped carbon@NiCo2O4 double-shelled nanoboxes have been designed and synthesized as a stable catalyst for efficient photocatalytic CO2 reduction.
Truncated concave octahedral Cu2O nanocrystals with {hkk} high-index facets for enhanced activity and stability in heterogeneous catalytic azide–alkyne cycloaddition
Authors: Zhao Zelun , Wang Xue , Si Jiaqi , Yue Chengtao , Xia Chungu , Li Fuwei
Published: January 2018

Truncated concave octahedral Cu2O nanocrystals with high-index {hkk} facets exhibited superior activity and stability toward azide–alkyne cycloaddition.
Controllable ZnO architectures with the assistance of ethanolamine and their application for removing divalent heavy metals (Cu, Pb, Ni) from water
Authors: Zhang Yuzhe , Bian Tingting , Gu Junjun , Zheng Xudong , Li Zhongyu
Published: January 2018

Controllable ZnO architectures were synthesized via a facile hydrothermal or solvothermal method with the help of ethanolamine, and without any addition of templates.
Trophic transfer of Cu, Zn, Cd, and Cr, and biomarker response for food webs in Taihu Lake, China
Authors: Zuo Jinxing , Fan Wenhong , Wang Xiaolong , Ren Jinqian , Zhang YiLin , Wang Xiangrui , Zhang Yuan , Yu Tao , Li Xiaomin
Published: January 2018

Samples were analyzed from Taihu Lake, the bioconcentration of metals was evident and MTs were used to monitor the heavy metal pollution.
Mechanism of byproducts formation in the isobutane/butene alkylation on HY zeolites
Authors: Chen Zhiwei , Gao Feng , Ren Kun , Wu Quangui , Luo Yan , Zhou Hongjun , Zhang Meng , Xu Quan
Published: January 2018

Submicron-size HY zeolites with a particles size of 200–700 nm were synthesized employing a crystal precipitation method in this study.
Fabrication of mesoporous POMs/SiO2nanofibers through electrospinning for oxidative conversion of biomass by H2O2and oxygen
Authors: Yan Siqi , Li Yue , Li Peili , Jia Ting , Wang Shengtian , Wang Xiaohong
Published: January 2018

The oxidation process for mesoporous H5PMo10V2O40/SiO2nanofiber catalyst.
Transglutaminase mediated PEGylation of nanobodies for targeted nano-drug delivery
Authors: Wu Tiantian , Huang Hai , Sheng Yaping , Shi Hongdong , Min Yuanzeng , Liu Yangzhong
Published: January 2018

The PEGylation of anti-EGFR nanobodies was achieved via a transglutaminase catalyzed reaction through a Q-tag. The nanobody tethered drug delivery system exhibits superior specificity to EGFR positive tumor cells.
Improving performance of pedestrian positioning by using vehicular communication signals
Authors: Tang Suhua , Obana Sadao
Published: January 2018

Pedestrian‐to‐vehicle communications, where pedestrian devices transmit their position information to nearby vehicles to indicate their presence, help to reduce pedestrian accidents. Satellite‐based systems are widely used for pedestrian positioning, but have much degraded performance in urban canyon, where satellite signals are often obstructed by roadside buildings. The authors propose a pedestrian positioning method, which leverages vehicular communication signals and uses vehicles as anchors. The performance of pedestrian positioning is improved from three aspects: (i) channel state information instead of received signal strength indicator (RSSI) is used to estimate pedestrian‐vehicle distance with higher precision. (ii) Only signals with line‐of‐sight path are used, and the property of distance error is considered. (iii) Fast mobility of vehicles is used to get diverse measurements, and Kalman filter is applied to smooth positioning results. Extensive evaluations, via trace‐based simulation, confirm that (i) fixing rate of positions can be much improved. (ii) Horizontal positioning error can be greatly reduced, nearly by one order compared with off‐the‐shelf receivers, by almost half compared with RSSI‐based method, and can be reduced further to about 80 cm when vehicle transmission period is 100 ms and Kalman filter is applied. Generally, positioning performance increases with the number of available vehicles and their transmission frequency.
Line‐modulation‐based flux‐weakening control for permanent‐magnet synchronous machines
Authors: Wang Wei , Zhang Jinghao , Cheng Ming
Published: January 2018

A line‐modulation‐based flux‐weakening control is proposed for surface‐mounted permanent‐magnet synchronous machines. To evaluate the average dc bus voltage utilisation, the maximum line‐modulation‐ratio, which cannot be >1, is defined. If the maximum line‐modulation‐ratio is equal to 1, the voltage capacity of voltage‐source‐inverter is fully utilised, which means the dc bus voltage utilisation has been maximised. Without special declarations, the overmodulation scheme is not utilised in this study. The line modulation is employed in the proposed flux‐weakening control, in which the average dc bus voltage utilisation can be maximised by regulating the maximum line‐modulation‐ratio to 1. Compared with the conventional flux‐weakening control, the proposed one is simpler and its copper loss can be reduced. The reason is that the proposed flux‐weakening control employs the line modulation while the conventional flux‐weakening control usually adopts the space vector pulse width modulation. The effectiveness of the proposed flux‐weakening control is verified by experimental results.
Analytical model of mutual coupling between rectangular spiral coils with lateral misalignment for wireless power applications
Authors: Dehui Wu , Qisheng Sun , Xiaohong Wang , Fan Yang
Published: January 2018

Rectangular spiral coils are easier to implement in wireless power transfer (WPT) applications than circular spirals. Despite this fact, research into mutual coupling between rectangular spiral coils is insufficient. In this study, a new analytical model of mutual coupling is proposed, which converts a complex multi‐turn rectangular spiral coil into a single‐turn rectangular coil, simplifying calculation of the self‐ and mutual inductances. The mutual coupling between two different arbitrarily sized rectangular spiral coils with lateral misalignment and the rectangular cross‐sections can be described accurately using this model. A series of experiments is carried out, the results of which agree well with the results of calculations. Finally, the effect of the number of turns in a coil on the coupling coefficient is discussed in order to determine the recommended number of turns. This research provides an effective tool for the design of a WPT system.
Adaptive nonparametric drift estimation of an integrated jump diffusion process
Authors: Funke Benedikt , Schmisser Émeline
Published: January 2018

In the present article, we investigate nonparametric estimation of the unknown drift function b in an integrated Lévy driven jump diffusion model. Our aim will be to estimate the drift on a compact set based on a high-frequency data sample.

Instead of observing the jump diffusion process V itself, we observe a discrete and high-frequent sample of the integrated process

Xt := ∫0t Vsds

Based on the available observations of Xt, we will construct an adaptive penalized least-squares estimate in order to compute an adaptive estimator of the corresponding drift function b. Under appropriate assumptions, we will bound the L2-risk of our proposed estimator. Moreover, we study the behavior of the proposed estimator in various Monte Carlo simulation setups.
Fahreignung aus (neuro)ophthalmologischer Sicht
Authors: Rohrschneider Klaus
Published: January 2018

Die Anforderungen an das Sehvermögen zur Fahreignung sind in Anlage 6 zur Fahrerlaubnisverordnung festgelegt. Bei Störungen ist in der Regel
eine augenärztliche Beurteilung erforderlich. Der begutachtende Augenarzt sollte es als seine primäre Aufgabe ansehen, bei der Beurteilung
der Fahrerlaubnis alle augenärztlichen Möglichkeiten auszuschöpfen, den Bewerber um eine Fahrerlaubnis tauglich zu machen oder zu halten. In
der überwiegenden Mehrzahl der Fälle gelingt dies auch.

Allerdings ist es unvermeidlich, bei plötzlichem schwerwiegendem einseitigem Sehverlust für 3 Monate ab dem Auftreten die gesetzlich
vorgeschriebene Fahruntauglichkeit zu attestieren. Bei Motilitätsstörungen entscheiden vor allem die Ausdehnung der Doppelbildbereiche im
Blickfeld und die dadurch hervorgerufene subjektive Einschränkung; die zentralen 20 Grad müssen doppelbildfrei sein.

Absolute homonyme Gesichtsfeldausfälle, sowohl als Hemianopsie als auch bei Quadrantenausfällen, die bis an das Zentrum heranreichen, sind
nach der Fahrerlaubnisverordnung nicht mit dem Führen eines Kraftfahrzeugs zu vereinen. Hieran ändern auch Trainingsmaßnahmen, die subjektiv
zu einer problemlosen Orientierung führen, nichts.

Grundsätzlich sollte bei wesentlichen Störungen des Sehvermögens die zusätzliche Expertise eines Augenarztes eingeholt werden, ehe positiv
über die Fahrtauglichkeit entschieden wird.
Molecular Docking Studies on Isocytosine Analogues as Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitors
Authors: Roy Subhajit , Narang Bawneet , Gupta Manish , Abbot Vikrant , Singh Virender , Rawal Ravindra
Published: January 2018

Flexible docking simulations were carried out on a series of isocytosine analogs as xanthine oxidase (XO) inhibitors. This was done by analysing the interaction of these compounds at the active site of XO. The binding free energies of the analogs were calculated using GoldScore. The binding modes of the best-fit conformation were studied, providing some handy important interactions. The results obtained henceforth provided an insight into the pharmacophoric structural requirements for XO inhibition for this class of molecules.
Investigation on electrically-driven semiconductor-metal transition of polycrystalline VO2 thin films on two kinds of substrates
Authors: Gu Deen , Qin Haoxin , Zhou Xin , Xu Shiyang , Jiang Yadong
Published: January 2018

Electrical driving is one of frequently-used stimuli for the semiconductor-metal transition (SMT) of VO2. But the driving mechanism is still under debate. We investigated the DC electrically-driven SMT features of polycrystalline VO2 thin films deposited on two kinds of substrates (quartz and silicon) with obviously-different thermal conductivity and the influence of cooling by a thermo electric cooler (TEC) on the SMT of VO2. Interestingly, the SMT doesn’t happen at a high voltage at very start, but at a relatively low one. Moreover, the SMT of VO2 thin films on silicon substrate is completely restrained by cooling through a TEC although the electric field strength across VO2 reaches 1.1×107 V/m. Our findings reveal that the Joule-heating effect plays an important role in the DC electrically-driven SMT of VO2.
Selective dispersion of high-purity semiconducting carbon nanotubes using indacenodithiophene-based conjugated polymer
Authors: Ji Dongseob , Lee Seung-Hoon , Noh Yong-Young
Published: January 2018

The facile sorting of highly pure semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotubes (s-SWNTs) is still one of the challenging issues for the next-generation wearable electronic devices such as various opto-electric devices and field-effect transistors (FETs). Herein, we demonstrate the selective dispersion of high-purity s-SWNTs using indacenodithiophene-co-benzothiadiazole (IDT-BT), which is a state-of-the-art high-mobility conjugated polymer. By the selective wrapping of the IDT-BT copolymer, SWNTs of chiral indices (6, 5), (7, 5), (7, 6), (8, 4), (9, 4), (8, 6), (8, 7), (10, 5), (9, 7), (10, 6), (11, 1), and (13, 3) are sorted. Finally, the networked s-SWNT film formed by spin-coating is applied as an active layer of FETs that exhibited ambipolar characteristics with an average mobility of 2.28 cm2/V s in the p-channel and 2.10 cm2/V s in the n-channel. The ON/OFF ratios in both p- and n-channels are approximately 105, which supports the high purity separation of s-SWNTs wrapped by IDT-BT.
Polarized micro-Raman studies of femtosecond laser written stress-induced optical waveguides in diamond
Authors: Sotillo B. , Chiappini A. , Bharadwaj V. , Hadden J. P. , Bosia F. , Olivero P. , Ferrari M. , Ramponi R. , Barclay P. E. , Eaton S. M.
Published: January 2018

Understanding the physical mechanisms of the refractive index modulation induced by femtosecond laser writing is crucial for tailoring the properties of the resulting optical waveguides. In this work, we apply polarized Raman spectroscopy to study the origin of stress-induced waveguides in diamond, produced by femtosecond laser writing. The change in the refractive index induced by the femtosecond laser in the crystal is derived from the measured stress in the waveguides. The results help to explain the waveguide polarization sensitive guiding mechanism, as well as provide a technique for their optimization.
The Indiscretion of Mark Oliphant: How an Australian Kick-started the American Atomic Bomb Project
Authors: Holden Darren
Published: January 2018

In 1940, Mark Oliphant was the head of Physics at the University of Birmingham. In his hands, he held a memorandum from two of his research fellows, which proved, in theory at least, that a super-bomb made from the fission of the uranium-235 isotope could be produced. The significance of this research in war-time conditions was self-evident and it was tabled at a British government committee meeting on the atomic bomb and then forwarded to the USA. Yet in 1941, when Oliphant visited Washington, he was dismayed to learn that the British reports were kept locked in a safe and that they received no action. Rather than returning to Britain, Oliphant went instead to the University of California, Berkeley to visit his friend Ernest Lawrence. Oliphant and Lawrence's meeting was also attended by Robert Oppenheimer and from that moment a reinvigoration of the American atomic bomb project might be identified. Years later, Oppenheimer called Oliphant's visit to Berkeley an ‘indiscretion'. But was it? By combining archival research with an analysis of how scientists collaborate, this work argues that Oliphant did in fact breach secrecy protocols. However, itwas done in order to achieve the desired outcome of accelerated collaboration and research between Britain and the USA.
General health, wellbeing and oral health of patients older than 75 years attending health assessments
Authors: Keuskamp Dominic , Amarasena Najith , Balasubramanian Madhan , Brennan David S.
Published: January 2018

Annual health assessments by general practices for community-dwelling people aged 75 years and over are important for the early intervention and monitoring of chronic health conditions, including oral disease. Uptake of the health assessment to date has been poor, and little is known of the general and oral health profile of patients. Older patients attending health assessments at general practices in South Australia were sampled for this study. Data on demographic and socioeconomic characteristics, and patients’ general and oral health, were collected by mailed questionnaire from 459 respondents. By comparison with national estimates, patients attending health assessments fared worse in many of the measures, such as self-rated general health, quality of life and the prevalence of most chronic conditions, as well as their socioeconomic circumstances. Also identified were a high degree of nutritional risk and clear need for oral health treatment, with poor self-rated oral health being three-fold higher than the national age-eligible population. Patients attending health assessments would likely benefit from nutritional screening (by a validated tool) and specific assessment of their oral health and dentition, supported by appropriate referral or intervention.
Degradation of FBXO31 by APC/C is regulated by AKT- and ATM-mediated phosphorylation
Authors: Choppara Srinadh , Malonia Sunil K. , Sankaran Ganga , Green Michael R. , Santra Manas Kumar
Published: January 2018

Significance

The tumor suppressor protein FBXO31 is maintained at low levels in unstressed (normal cycling) cells, but rapidly increases following genotoxic stress (DNA damage), leading to induction of growth arrest or senescence. The mechanism that underlies physiological regulation of FBXO31 is unknown. Here we show that in unstressed cells FBXO31 is maintained at low levels by anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C), a ubiquitin ligase that targets cell-cycle regulatory substrates for proteasomal degradation. APC/C coactivators CDH1 and CDC20 interact with FBXO31 and coordinate its degradation, which requires phosphorylation by the prosurvival kinase AKT. Following genotoxic stress, FBXO31 is phosphorylated by another kinase, ATM, disrupting its interaction with CDH1 and CDC20 and preventing its degradation. Thus, altered phosphorylation underlies physiological regulation of FBXO31 levels.
Mechanogenetics for the remote and noninvasive control of cancer immunotherapy
Authors: Pan Yijia , Yoon Sangpil , Sun Jie , Huang Ziliang , Lee Changyang , Allen Molly , Wu Yiqian , Chang Ya-Ju , Sadelain Michel , Shung K. Kirk , Chien Shu , Wang Yingxiao
Published: January 2018

Significance

There is a lack of a general method to noninvasively and remotely manipulate cells with high spatiotemporal precisions. We developed an ultrasound-based mechanogenetics system to achieve this goal. Cells were engineered with the mechanosensor Piezo1 and genetic transducing modules to perceive the mechanical perturbation generated by the ultrasound wave and transduce it into genetic activities. Mechanosensitive and ultrasound-controllable T cells were further engineered to target and eradicate tumor cells with inducible chimeric antigen receptors. This mechanogenetics approach can be extended to remotely control, in principle, any gene activity in live cells for the reprogramming of cellular functions. This method should also provide a general approach to remotely control molecular functions for biological studies and clinical applications, particularly cell-based cancer immunotherapy.
On pinning effect of austenite grain growth in Mg-containing low-carbon steel
Authors: Lin Chi-Kang , Su Yen-Hao , Hwang Weng-Sing , Lin Guan-Ru , Kuo Jui-Chao
Published: January 2018

The pinning effect of adding the microalloying element Mg on the growth of austenite grain for low-carbon steel was investigated in this study. The grain growth pinning behaviour of austenite was observed in situ at high temperature using a high-temperature confocal scanning laser microscope at 1573 K for 300 s. The average austenite grain size was calculated using optical micrograph Leica software. In situ observation showed that the finely dispersed Mg inclusions can inhibit the boundary migration of austenite grains. MgO–MnS is the most effective inclusions for pinning of austenite grain boundaries in Mg-containing SS400, and the ratios of inclusion on austenite grain boundaries to the total inclusion are 43%. In addition, the increase in Mg addition reduces the grain mobility.
Therapeutic biomaterials based on extracellular vesicles: classification of bio‐engineering and mimetic preparation routes
Authors: García‐Manrique Pablo , Matos María , Gutiérrez Gemma , Pazos Carmen , Blanco‐López María Carmen
Published: January 2018

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are emerging as novel theranostic tools. Limitations related to clinical uses are leading to a new research area on design and manufacture of artificial EVs. Several strategies have been reported in order to produce artificial EVs, but there has not yet been a clear criterion by which to differentiate these novel biomaterials. In this paper, we suggest for the first time a systematic classification of the terms used to build up the artificial EV landscape, based on the preparation method. This could be useful to guide the derivation to clinical trial routes and to clarify the literature. According to our classification, we have reviewed the main strategies reported to date for their preparation, including key points such as: cargo loading, surface targeting strategies, purification steps, generation of membrane fragments for the construction of biomimetic materials, preparation of synthetic membranes inspired in EV composition and subsequent surface decoration.
Uniform asymptotic stability of time-varying damped harmonic oscillators
Authors: Ishihara Kazuki , Sugie Jitsuro
Published: January 2018

This paper presents sufficient conditions which guarantee that the equilibrium of the damped harmonic oscillator

x
+
h
(
t
)

x
′

+

ω
2

x
=
0

\begin{equation*} x + h(t)\!\:x’ + \omega ^2x = 0 \end{equation*}

is uniformly asymptotically stable, where

h

:
[
0
,
∞
)
→
[
0
,
∞
)

h\!: [0,\infty ) \to [0,\infty )

is locally integrable. These conditions work to suppress the rapid growth of the frictional force expressed by the integral amount of the damping coefficient

h
h

. The obtained sufficient conditions are compared with known conditions for uniform asymptotic stability. Two diagrams are included to facilitate understanding of the conditions. By giving a concrete example, remaining problems are pointed out.
Chtoucas pour les groupes réductifs et paramétrisation de Langlands globale
Authors: Lafforgue Vincent
Published: January 2018

For any reductive groupGGover a global function field, we use the cohomology ofGG-shtukas with multiple modifications and the geometric Satake equivalence to prove the global Langlands correspondence forGGin the “automorphic to Galois” direction. Moreover we obtain a canonical decomposition of the spaces of cuspidal automorphic forms indexed by global Langlands parameters. The proof does not rely at all on the Arthur-Selberg trace formula.
Stochastic fixed points and nonlinear Perron–Frobenius theorem
Authors: Babaei E. , Evstigneev I. , Pirogov S.
Published: January 2018

We provide conditions for the existence of measurable solutions to the equation

ξ
(
T
ω
)
=
f
(
ω
,
ξ
(
ω
)
)

\xi (T\omega )=f(\omega ,\xi (\omega ))

, where

T
:
Ω
→
Ω

T:\Omega \rightarrow \Omega

is an automorphism of the probability space

Ω
\Omega

and

f
(
ω
,
⋅
)

f(\omega ,\cdot )

is a strictly nonexpansive mapping. We use results of this kind to establish a stochastic nonlinear analogue of the Perron–Frobenius theorem on eigenvalues and eigenvectors of a positive matrix. We consider a random mapping

D
(
ω
)

D(\omega )

of a random closed cone

K
(
ω
)

K(\omega )

in a finite-dimensional linear space into the cone

K
(
T
ω
)

K(T\omega )

. Under the assumptions of monotonicity and homogeneity of

D
(
ω
)

D(\omega )

, we prove the existence of scalar and vector measurable functions

α
(
ω
)
>
0

\alpha (\omega )>0

and

x
(
ω
)
∈
K
(
ω
)

x(\omega )\in K(\omega )

satisfying the equation

α
(
ω
)
x
(
T
ω
)
=
D
(
ω
)
x
(
ω
)

\alpha (\omega )x(T\omega )=D(\omega )x(\omega )

almost surely.
Families of Monge-Ampère measures with Hölder continuous potentials
Authors: Vu Duc-Viet
Published: January 2018

LetXXbe a compact Kähler manifold of dimensionn.n.LetF\mathcal {F}be a family of probability measures onXXwhose superpotentials are of uniformly boundedCα\mathscr {C}^\alphanorms for some fixed constantα∈(0,1].\alpha \in (0,1].We prove that the corresponding family of solutions of the complex Monge-Ampère equations(ddcφ+ω)n=μ(dd^c \varphi + \omega )^n= \muwithμ∈F\mu \in \mathcal {F}is Hölder continuous.
Askey–Wilson operator on entire functions of exponential type
Authors: Li Xin , Ranasinghe Rajitha
Published: January 2018

In this paper, we first establish a series representation formula for the Askey–Wilson operator applied on entire functions of exponential type and then demonstrate its power in discovering summation formulas, some known and some new.
Universality at an endpoint for orthogonal polynomials with Geronimus-type weights
Authors: Simanek Brian
Published: January 2018

We provide a new closed form expression for the Geronimus polynomials on the unit circle and use it to obtain new results and formulas. Among our results is a universality result at an endpoint of an arc for polynomials orthogonal with respect to a Geronimus-type weight on an arc of the unit circle. The key tool is a formula of McLaughlin for the

n

t
h

n^{th}

power of a

2
×
2

2\times 2

matrix, which we use to derive convenient formulas for Geronimus polynomials.
Existence and uniqueness of steady weak solutions to the Navier–Stokes equations in ℝ²
Authors: Guillod Julien , Wittwer Peter
Published: January 2018

The existence of weak solutions to the stationary Navier–Stokes equations in the whole plane

R

2

\mathbb {R}^{2}

is proven. This particular geometry was the only case left open since the work of Leray in 1933. The reason is that due to the absence of boundaries the local behavior of the solutions cannot be controlled by the enstrophy in two dimensions. We overcome this difficulty by constructing approximate weak solutions having a prescribed mean velocity on some given bounded set. As a corollary, we obtain infinitely many weak solutions in

R

2

\mathbb {R}^{2}

parameterized by this mean velocity, which is reminiscent of the expected convergence of the velocity field at large distances to any prescribed constant vector field. This explicit parameterization of the weak solutions allows us to prove a weak-strong uniqueness theorem for small data. The question of the asymptotic behavior of the weak solutions remains open however when the uniqueness theorem doesn’t apply.
Lyapunov’s theorem for continuous frames
Authors: Bownik Marcin
Published: January 2018

Akemann and Weaver (2014) have shown a remarkable extension of Weaver’s

K

S
r

KS_r

Conjecture (2004) in the form of approximate Lyapunov’s theorem. This was made possible thanks to the breakthrough solution of the Kadison-Singer problem by Marcus, Spielman, and Srivastava (2015). In this paper we show a similar type of Lyapunov’s theorem for continuous frames on non-atomic measure spaces. In contrast with discrete frames, the proof of this result does not rely on the recent solution of the Kadison-Singer problem.
Quantitative 𝑊^{2,𝑝}-stability for almost Einstein hypersurfaces
Authors: Gioffrè Stefano
Published: January 2018

Let

n
≥
3

n \ge 3

,

p
∈
(
1
,

+
∞
)

p \in (1, \, +\infty )

be given. Let

Σ
\Sigma

be an

n
n

-dimensional, closed hypersurface in

R

n
+
1

\mathbb {R}^{n+1}

. It is a well known fact that if

Σ
\Sigma

is an Einstein hypersurface with positive scalar curvature, then it is a round sphere. Here we prove that if a hypersurface is almost Einstein in an

L
p

L^p

-sense, then it is

W

2
,

p

W^{2, \, p}

-close to a sphere and we give a quantitative version of this fact.
Differential Regulation of PAI-1 in Hantavirus Cardiopulmonary Syndrome and Hemorrhagic Fever With Renal Syndrome
Authors: Bellomo Carla , Korva Miša , Papa Anna , Mäkelä Satu , Mustonen Jukka , Avšič-Županc Tatjana , Vaheri Antti , Martinez Valeria P , Strandin Tomas
Published: January 2018

We analyzed the levels of circulating tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) and plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI)–1 in acute hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome (HCPS) and hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS). The levels of tPA commonly increased in both diseases, whereas PAI-1 correlated with disease severity in HCPS but not in HFRS.
Minimally Invasive Lateral Retroperitoneal Approach for Resection of Extraforaminal Lumbar Plexus Schwannomas: Operative Techniques and Literature Review
Authors: Safaee Michael M , Ames Christopher P , Deviren Vedat , Clark Aaron J
Published: January 2018

BACKGROUND

Traditional approaches for retroperitoneal lumbar plexus schwannomas involve anterior open or laparoscopic resection. For select tumors, the lateral retroperitoneal approach provides a minimally invasive alternative.

OBJECTIVE

To describe a minimally invasive lateral transpsoas approach for the resection of retroperitoneal schwannomas.

METHODS

A lateral retroperitoneal transpsoas approach was used to resect a 3.1 × 2.7 × 4.1 cm schwannoma embedded within the psoas muscle. A minimally invasive retractor system allows for appropriate visualization and complete resection with the aid of the microscope. The patient tolerated the procedure without complication and was discharged on postoperative day 2 in good condition at her neurological baseline.

RESULTS

The lateral retroperitoneal approach provides a minimally invasive alternative for select retroperitoneal schwannomas. In theory, this procedure allows for faster recovery and less blood loss compared to traditional open anterior approaches. For a subset of tumors, anterior laparoscopy may provide better access, but the lateral approach is well known to most neurosurgeons who perform lateral interbody fusions and can be easily tailored to extraforaminal tumor resection.

CONCLUSION

Retroperitoneal schwannomas pose a challenge due to their deep location. The lateral retroperitoneal approach provides a useful alternative for resection of a subset of retroperitoneal schwannomas.
Non-fasting versus fasting cholesterol measurement
Authors: Dyce Evan
Published: January 2018

Fasting for cholesterol measurement has long been the accepted convention. Recent research expounded in clinical guidelines indicates that nonfasting cholesterol measurements predict outcomes at least as well as fasting cholesterol measurements. In most—but not all—clinical scenarios, fasting is not necessary. This article provides clinical recommendations based on the literature.
Adjuvant Therapy for Revision Rhinoplasty of Contracted Nose Using Polydeoxyribonucleotide and Invasive Bipolar Radiofrequency
Authors: Ahn Tae Hwan , Cho Sung Bin
Published: January 2018

Most cases of severely contracted nose require revision rhinoplasty and septoplasty, wherein preoperative and/or intraoperative expansion of nasal soft tissue is necessary for tension-free revision surgery. The present study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pre- and postoperative adjuvant therapy using polydeoxyribonucleotide (PDRN) and invasive, pulsed-type, bipolar, alternating current radiofrequency (RF) for revision surgery of a contracted nose. In total, 30 patients were treated with 16 sessions (8 preoperative sessions and 8 postoperative sessions) of intralesional injection of PDRN and invasive RF treatment using microneedle electrodes at 1-week intervals. One week after the final combined pretreatment using PDRN and invasive bipolar RF, the skin of contracted noses was sufficiently softened, and nasal skin mobility was notably improved in all the patients. During revision rhinoplasty and septoplasty, the contracted nasal skin in each patient was adequately released for proper covering of the nasal tip without tension. Postoperatively, 8 sessions of adjuvant therapy elicited marked clinical improvements in persistent nasal tip dimpling and contracture, septal deviation, and warping from the incomplete recovery of nasal contracture after revision surgery. In conclusion, our pre- and postoperative adjuvant therapies using PDRN and invasive bipolar RF remarkably improved the therapeutic outcomes of revision rhinoplasty and septoplasty for contracted skin of the nose without major side effects.
FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH DEVELOPMENT OF DISSOCIATED OPTIC NERVE FIBER LAYER APPEARANCE IN THE PIONEER INTRAOPERATIVE OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY STUDY
Authors: Runkle Anne P. , Srivastava Sunil K. , Yuan Alex , Kaiser Peter K. , Singh Rishi P. , Reese Jamie L. , Ehlers Justis P.
Published: January 2018

Purpose:

To assess the relationship of dissociated optic nerve fiber layer (DONFL) and intraoperative membrane-peeling dynamics as visualized using intraoperative optical coherence tomography (OCT), and to evaluate the functional implications of DONFL.

Methods:

This was a post hoc analysis of eyes undergoing membrane peeling for vitreomacular interface disorders in the prospective PIONEER intraoperative OCT study. Retinal layer measurements in preincision and postpeel intraoperative OCT images were obtained. The primary outcome was development of DONFL appearance on spectral domain OCT at 6-month follow-up. Secondary outcomes included correlation of DONFL with surgical technique, surgical indication, intraoperative OCT findings, and retinal sensitivity.

Results:

Ninety-five eyes were included. The prevalence of DONFL at 6 months was 36%. Increased inner retinal layer thickness on intraoperative OCT immediately after membrane peeling was associated with development of DONFL (P < 0.01). Macular hole repair was significantly associated with DONFL appearance. Peel technique (forceps vs. diamond-dusted membrane scraper) was not associated with DONFL. There was no difference in retinal sensitivity or visual acuity between eyes with or without DONFL.

Conclusion:

Acute postpeel increase in inner retinal thickness and macular hole repair were associated with development of DONFL appearance. However, it is unclear whether the surgical indication (e.g., macular hole) or the surgical manipulations performed (e.g., internal limiting membrane peeling) is the major factor that has an impact on DONFL appearance. Overall, these findings suggest that one mechanism in the development of DONFL appearance may be intraoperative trauma to the inner retina, potentially during internal limiting membrane peeling (e.g., macular hole repair).
PARS PLANA VITRECTOMY WITH ANTERIOR CHAMBER VERSUS GORE-TEX SUTURED POSTERIOR CHAMBER INTRAOCULAR LENS PLACEMENT
Authors: Khan M. Ali , Gupta Omesh P. , Pendi Kasim , Chiang Allen , Vander James , Regillo Carl D. , Hsu Jason
Published: January 2018

Purpose:

To compare clinical outcomes of combined pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) with anterior chamber intraocular lens (ACIOL) placement versus scleral fixation of a posterior chamber intraocular lens (PCIOL) using Gore-Tex suture.

Methods:

Retrospective, interventional case series of eyes undergoing combined PPV and IOL placement for retained lens material, aphakia, or dislocated IOL. Eyes with history of amblyopia, corneal opacity, retinal, or optic nerve disease were excluded. Outcome measures were change in visual acuity and occurrence of postoperative complications with minimum follow-up of 1 year.

Results:

Sixty-three eyes of 60 patients were identified. Thirty-three eyes underwent combined PPV and ACIOL placement and 30 eyes underwent combined PPV and scleral fixation of a PCIOL using Gore-Tex suture. Mean follow-up was 502 ± 165 days (median 450, range 365–1,095 days). In the ACIOL group, mean visual acuity improved from 20/914 preoperatively to 20/50 postoperatively (P < 0.001). In the scleral-fixated PCIOL group, mean visual acuity improved from 20/677 preoperatively to 20/46 postoperatively (P < 0.001). No difference in visual acuity was noted between groups at 1-year (P = 0.91) or final follow-up (P = 0.62). Regarding postoperative complications, eyes undergoing ACIOL placement had a significantly higher rate of transient corneal edema (30.3 vs. 6.7%, P = 0.02) compared with eyes undergoing scleral fixation of a PCIOL.

Conclusion:

Combined PPV with ACIOL placement or scleral fixation of a PCIOL with Gore-Tex suture were well tolerated. The techniques resulted in similar visual outcomes at minimum follow-up of 1 year.
Ocular Surface and Tear Film Characteristics in a Sclerodermatous Chronic Graft-Versus-Host Disease Mouse Model
Authors: He Jingliang , Yamane Mio , Shibata Shinsuke , Fukui Masaki , Shimizu Eisuke , Yano Tetsuya , Mukai Shin , Kawakami Yutaka , Li Shaowei , Tsubota Kazuo , Ogawa Yoko
Published: January 2018

Purpose:

To report the characteristics of the ocular surface in a previously established sclerodermatous chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD) mouse model.

Methods:

The ocular surface features and tear film parameters of the mouse model were assessed by histopathology, immunohistochemistry, electron microscopy, quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and flow cytometry.

Results:

The mice exhibited loss of body weight and decreased tear secretion (P < 0.001), mimicking the clinical features of patients with cGVHD. Ocular examination demonstrated significant corneal epithelial staining, conjunctival (P < 0.001), and eyelid (P = 0.015) fibrosis compared with the control mice. The density of both goblet cells (P = 0.043) and microvilli was lower (P < 0.001), and the microvilli were shorter (P = 0.007) in the conjunctiva of cGVHD mice than those of the controls. The immunohistochemical studies demonstrated greater expression of CD45+, CD4+, and CD8+ cells in the conjunctiva and eyelid tissues compared with the controls (P < 0.05 for all). In addition, reduced Forkhead box P3 (Foxp3)+ cells were found in both the peripheral blood (P < 0.001) and conjunctiva (P = 0.042) of cGVHD mice compared with the controls.

Conclusions:

The constellation of these findings suggests that the sclerodermatous cGVHD mouse model well recapitulates ocular manifestations of cGVHD in humans. This model can be used to study the mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis and treatment of chronic ocular graft-versus-host disease.
Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli and Acute Gastroenteritis in Children in Davidson County, Tennessee, United States: A Case-control Study
Authors: Imdad Aamer , Foster Monique A. , Iqbal Junaid , Fonnesbeck Christopher , Payne Daniel C. , Zhang Chengxian , Chappell James D. , Halasa Natasha , Gómez-Duarte Oscar G.
Published: January 2018

Background:

Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli (DEC) is an important cause of acute gastroenteritis in children; however, there is limited information available on the epidemiology, phylogenetics, serotyping and antibiotic susceptibility of DEC in children in the United States. The aim of this study was to determine the molecular epidemiology of DEC among children with and without acute gastroenteritis in Davidson County, Tennessee.

Methods:

This prospective, frequency matched, case-control study recruited subjects 15 days to 17 years of age and detected DEC with polymerase chain reaction from stool samples. Additional testing was done to define phylogenetics and antibiotics resistance.

Results:

Among 1267 participants, 857 cases and 410 controls, 5.5% were positive for at least one subtype of DEC. Enteroaggregative E. coli [n = 32 (45%)] was the most common subtype followed by enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC) [n = 30 (43%)], Shiga toxin-producing E. coli [n = 4 (6%)] and diffusely adherent E. coli [n = 4 (6%)]. No significant difference in prevalence of DEC was found between cases (5%) and controls (7%) [odds ratio: 0.66 (95% confidence interval: 0.4–1.07)], and results were similar when data were stratified by subtypes and adjusted for age, sex, race and ethnicity. Substantial diversity was found among DEC isolates in terms of phylotypes and serotypes, and a large proportion was resistant to, at least, one antibiotic.

Conclusions:

Enteroaggregative E. coli and enteropathogenic E. coli were frequently found in both cases and controls in this study population. DNA-based methods for detection of these subtypes need further investigation to help differentiate between pathogenic and colonizing strains.
Atypical Cutaneous Manifestations of Mucormycosis Infection in Immunocompromised Hosts—Review Article
Authors: Patel Upenkumar , Nanjappa Sowmya , Dietrick Clifton , Greene John N.
Published: January 2018

Mucormycosis is a rare invasive, rapidly spreading life-threatening fungal infection caused by mucorales species. Primary cutaneous mucormycosis occurs due to direct inoculation of the mold into the skin, whereas secondary cutaneous mucormycosis occurs due to hematogenous dissemination from the primary site of infection to the skin. Disruption of skin continuity is the portal entry for mucorales species in primary cutaneous mucormycosis. Immunosuppression conditions increase the risk of cutaneous mucormycosis infection. We present unusual cases of cutaneous mucormycosis that resulted from penetration of the perineum region by mucorales species in stool that was associated with fecal incontinence and progression to a black necrotic ulcer. These lesions look similar to ecthyma gangrenosum, atypical cutaneous herpes lesions, and decubitus ulcers. It is difficult to differentiate on a clinical basis alone. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial steps to prevent complications of cutaneous mucormycosis infection.
A Case of Fatal Penicillium Rhinosinusitis in a Patient With Acute Myelogenous Leukemia and Prolonged Neutropenia
Authors: Shah Niel N. , Midha Shonali , Nanjappa Sowmya , Greene John N.
Published: January 2018

Because of a rising number of immunocompromised patients, there is an increase in unusual aggressive mold infections. After a pulmonary site of infection, rhinosinusitis is the second most common site. Although the most common agents responsible for invasive fungal rhinosinusitis are species of Aspergillus, Fusarium, the Mucorales, and dematiaceous (brown-black) molds, we report an unusual case of invasive fungal rhinosinusitis caused by Penicillium species in a patient with acute myeloid leukemia with prolonged neutropenia. We present the clinical case, diagnostic modalities, and treatment options of invasive fungal rhinosinusitis.
Review of Appendicitis in Patients With Prolonged Neutropenia
Authors: Atkinson Brian , Grabau Michael , Pandya Shuchi , Aslam Sadaf , Nanjappa Sowmya , Dietrick Clifton , Greene John N.
Published: January 2018

The diagnosis of appendicitis in patients with prolonged neutropenia is difficult. The range of possible infectious agents includes parasites, bacteria, and fungi, all with various presentations. The choice between medical or surgical interventions for the treatment of patients with appendicitis and prolonged neutropenia can be controversial. We report 3 cases of appendicitis in adult patients with prolonged neutropenia and a literature review outlining the effectiveness of medical management versus surgical treatment for appendicitis in prolonged neutropenic populations. Our 3 cases show that there is potential efficacy of medical management in immunocompromised patients with appendicitis.
1% Versus 2% Lignocaine for Airway Anesthesia in Flexible Bronchoscopy Without Lignocaine Nebulization (LIFE)
Authors: Madan Karan , Biswal Shiba K. , Mittal Saurabh , Hadda Vijay , Mohan Anant , Khilnani Gopi C. , Pandey Ravindra M. , Guleria Randeep
Published: January 2018

Background:

The ideal concentration of lignocaine for topical anesthesia in bronchoscopy remains investigational. In this randomized, double blind study, we compared 1% versus 2% lignocaine for topical anesthesia.

Methods:

Consecutive patients undergoing bronchoscopy were randomized to receive either 1% or 2% lignocaine solution by spray-as-you-go technique. All received 10% lignocaine spray to the oropharynx along with nasal 2% lignocaine gel. Nebulized lignocaine was not administered. Primary outcomes were operator-rated overall procedural satisfaction, visual analogue scale (VAS)-rated and operator-rated cough, VAS. Secondary objectives were total lignocaine dose administered, patient-rated pain on faces pain scale, cumulative dose of lignocaine and procedural complications.

Results:

A total of 500 patients (250 in each group) were randomized. Baseline characteristics were comparable. Operator-rated overall procedural satisfaction, VAS (72.05±20.16 and 72.20±21.96 in 1% and 2% group respectively;P=0.93) and operator-rated cough, VAS [1% group: 19.1 (12.6-34.6) and 2% group: 20.6 (12.5-36.9);P>0.05] were similar between the 2 groups. Cumulative dose of lignocaine used in 2% lignocaine group was greater (220.89±12.96 mg in 1% and 319.55±19.32 mg in 2% group;P<0.001). Patients receiving sedation were comparable between the 2 groups. (10% in 1% lignocaine group and 6% in 2% lignocaine group;P=0.13). Minor complications occurred in 2 patients in each group.

Conclusion:

One percent lignocaine in flexible bronchoscopy is as efficacious as 2% lignocaine when administered using the spray as you go technique without concurrent lignocaine nebulization, at a significantly lower total dose of lignocaine administered.