bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Wound Response of the Bark in Healthy and Declining Silver Firs (Abies Alba)
Authors: Oven Primož , Torelli Niko
Published: February 2014

The bark of five healthy and six declining silver firs (Abies alba Mill.) was artficially wounded in July 1991. Structural changes were observed 6, 9, 16,23, and 40 days later. After 6-9 days, there was necrosis and deposition of polyphenols in the exposed tissues. Hypertrophy of the axial and ray parenchyma, and hyperplasia of the rays resulted in the formation of a parenchymatic zone below the necrotic tissues. The outermost cells of this zone just below the necrotic tissues exhibited thickening of walls and lignification in the corners of individual cells. Except in two apparently healthy trees and one strongly declining test tree, intracellular suberin was detectable in some lignified cells by day 16. By then polyphenols were visible in the axial parenchyma cells underneath the parenchymatic zone. Between 23 and 40 days after wounding, progressive suberisation resulted in the formation of a 'ligno-suberised zone', which fused with the phellem of the pre-existing periderm. By day 23, initiation of a new phellogen internal to the 'Iigno-suberised zone' was observed. By the end of the experiment, the necrophylactic periderm did not fuse with the pre-existing periderm. The cells with brown deposits underlying the parenchymatic zone were not noticed on day 40. Suberisation coincided with the imperviousness detected in all trees by day 23. The bark response to mechanical wounding was essentially the same in healthy and declining trees.
Formation of Ebony and Streaked Woods
Authors: Hillis W.E. , Soenardi P.
Published: February 2014

Samples of 175 Diospyros species were examined with 27 containing some ebonised wood which was rarely uniformly jet black. Ebony is commonly composed of a series of axial and alternating black and paler streaks, often in characteristic patterns as in D. celebica. Large amounts of black non-structural deposits first appear in vessels, then fibres, and the origin of these materials could not be found. Deposits were absent from the axial and ray parenchyma of the paler streaks. Crystals were present in some species. Fungi have been detected in tissues adjacent to ebonised wood which appears to be formed differently from normal heartwood.
Growth, Morphology, Stem Anatomy, and Ethylene Production in Flooded Alnus Japonica Seedlings
Authors: Yamamoto Fukuju , Sakata Tsutomu , Terazawa Kazuhiko
Published: February 2014

Flooding of soil of potted, 24-month-old Alnus japonica seedlings for 24 days altered growth, morphology, stem anatomy, and ethylene production. This species exhibited high adaptability to soil flooding by forming adventitious roots that grew through hypertrophied lenticels. Aerenchyma tissues were observed in the bark of the adventitious roots. Flooding slightly reduced height growth and greatly stimulated diameter growth of submerged portions of stems in comparison with unflooded seedlings. Diameter growth in flooded seedlings was largely due to increases in both the number and size of wood fibres produeed during the flooding period. Flooding did not affect biomass increment of leaves and stems but reduced the total dry weight increment of the root system even though abundant adventitious roots had formed. Ethylene production in the submerged portions of stems was greatly increased by flooding. Morphological and anatomical responses of Alnus japonica seedlings to flooding are discussed.
A Video Technique for Imaging the Three-Dimensional Architecture of Wood
Authors: Lewis Ann M.
Published: February 2014

This paper describes a video micrographic technique to image the internal three-dimensional structure of wood. The technique uses high resolution video and an optical disk recorder to give immediate access to noise-free serially-recorded images in both still-frame and motion modes. By using a hydrophilie embedding medium, small woody tissue samples can be successfully embedded, sectioned at thicknesses that are useful for video micrography of the exposed tissue surface, and serially recorded to analyse three-dimensional architecture. The technique can be used by researchers working in wood anatomy, xylem development, and water transport. It also promises to be useful for studying the three-dimensional architecture of small, non-woody structures. Modifications of the technique make it useful for larger woody and non-woody material.
Development of Included Phloem in the Stem of Combretum Nigricans (Combretaceae)
Authors: den Outer R. W. , van Veenendaal W. L. H.
Published: February 2014

The development of diffuse included phloem strands in Combretum nigricans sterns is described, During a short period of time, a small phloem strand is cut off locally in an inward direction by an otherwise normal bidirectional vascular cambium. This contrasts with previous descriptions and interpretations because these strands are not formed after redifferentiation of secondary xylem parenchyma. A complementary cambium formed at the inner border of the young strand somewhat enlarges the strand and, during a relatively long period, produces secondary phloem outwards. Finally this complementary cambium stops functioning as a cambium and merges with the secondary phloem it has produced. Radial rows of cells are present within the included phloem strands which continue into the later-formed secondary xylem; rays transverse the strands. Crushing of the phloem takes place near the outer border of the strand, forming cap-like tissues of disorganized cells.
The Periodicity of Growth in Tropical Trees with Special Reference to Dipterocarpaceae - A Review
Authors: Killmann Wulf , Thong Hong Lay
Published: February 2014

The periodicity of leaf change and flowering and fruiting of tropical trees is discussed. Cambial activity patterns in tropical trees are reviewed. Emphasis is put on research undertaken in South-East Asia on the most important timber tree family in that region, the Dipterocarpaceae. There is an urgent need for more information on the effects of rainfall patterns and phenological periodicity on cambial activity and ring formation in this family
Wood Formation in Two Species of Dipterocarpaceae in Peninsular Malaysia
Authors: Sass Ute , Killmann Wulf , Eckstein Dieter
Published: February 2014

The wood formation of kapur (Dryobalanops sumatrensis) and tembaga (Shorea leprosula), growing under a weak seasonal climate in West Malaysia was studied over a four-year period using cambium marking. Technical problems arose from the heavy callus formation due to the wounding of the cambium, the small radial increment, and the high variability of the cambial activity around and along the stem. Wood formation in the two tree species appears to be a continuous process and not related to seasonality in rainfall and phenology.
Dendrochronological Investigations in Thailand
Authors: Buckley Brendan M. , Barbetti Mike , Watanasak Manas , Arrigo Rosanne D' , Boonchirdchoo Saran , Sarutanon Sakunyut
Published: February 2014

Some of the first tree-ring chronologies from mainland Southeast Asia have been developed from Thailand, and a significant link between climate and tree growth has been suggested. Four chronologies from two species of pine (Pinus kesiya Royle ex Gordon and Pinus merkusii Jungh. ' de Vriese) from northeastern, lower northern and northwestern Thailand have been constructed: three from P. kesiya and one from P. merkusii. A second P. merkusii chronology is being developed from samples from northwestern Thailand. Preliminary climate modelling demonstrates significant relationships for tree growth with both temperature and precipitation for both species. A significant, direct relationship is revealed with temperature at the beginning of the wet season for Pinus merkusii from Thung Salaeng Luang National Park, along with an inverse relationship with precipitation for the same period. It is also suggested that the month of November (the transitional month from wet to dry season) during the year of growth is most important for Pinus kesiya from Nam Nao National Park, based on significant, direct relationships with both temperature and precipitation. The dendrochronological potential of another species, the long-lived Podocarpus neriifolius, is also discussed.
Wound Response in the Stem of the Royal Palm
Authors: Weiner Gudrun , Liese Walter
Published: February 2014

Mechanical damage of a palm stem endangers physiological functions, such as water transport, and induces quality reduction due to discolouration. The wound response of a 35-year-old Royal palm (Roystonea regia) has been investigated in order to understand the protective mechanisms and the origin of the staining. Wounds were induced in the basal and top regions 21, 14, 7 and 1 day(s) before the palm was felled. As initial reaction phenolic compounds are deposited in few of the smaller ground parenchyma cells. Subsequently slime fills up metaxylem vessels and protoxylem tracheids of both regions, whereas tyloses only develop in vessels at the top. Additionally, phenolic compounds originate also in phloem, vascular parenchyma, ground parenchyma and fibres.
Seasonal Changes in the Distribution of Water in the Outer Growth Rings of Fraxinus Mandshurica Var. Japonica: A Study By Cryo-Scanning Electron Microscopy
Authors: Utsumi Yasuhiro , Sano Yuzou , Ohtani Jun , Fujikawa Seizo
Published: February 2014

Seasonal changes in the distribution of water in the outer growth rings of Fraxinus mandshurica var.japonica were visualised by cryo-scanning electron microscopy using samples in which water was freeze-fixed in the living trunk . During the growing season from mid-May to late-July when formation ofxylem progressed steadily, all cell lumina of the newly forming xylem elements were filled with water. From August to October, water was lost from the lumina of wood fibres in the current-year xylem. Loss of water from wood fibres began in August at the initial zone of the earlywood, and progressed toward the cambial zone. By November, water had disappeared from the lumina of current-year earlywood vessels, and water reappeared in the lumina of earlywood fibres around the currentyear earlywood vessels. Our results indicate that cavitation in lumina of current-year earlywood vessels occurred during the period from October to November.
Pentaphragma: A Unique Wood and its Significance
Authors: Carlquist Sherwin
Published: February 2014

Qualitative and quantitative data are given for wood anatomy of three species of Pentaphragma (Pentaphragmataceae); the woods of the three species are very similar. Pentaphragma is rayless, but eventually develops rays in at least one of the species studied. This is interpreted as related to secondary woodiness or upright habit within a predominantly herbaceous phylad. The vessel elements of Pentaphragma have features universally interpreted as primitive in dicotyledons: scalariform perforation plates with numerous bars; pit membrane remnants in perforations; scalariform lateral wall pitting; the genus also has fiber-tracheids with prominently bordered pits. These character states accord with the basal position in Campanulales accorded Pentaphragmataceae by Cosner et al. (1992), and suggests that order may have begun with more numerous primitive features than generally recognized. The presence of occasional scalariform perforation plates, often aberrant, in secondary xylem of families of Asterales sensu lato - Campanulaceae, Pentaphragmataceae, Valerianaceae, and even Asteraceae (e.g., certain Lactuceae) - can be attributed to paedomorphosis, extending these plates into secondary xylem from primary xylem. Raylessness in Pentaphragma can be described in terms of secondary woodiness or paedomorphosis. The fact that fiber-tracheids are shorter than vessel elements in Pentaphragma is believed related to raylessness also, because some fiber-tracheids are produced from 'potential' ray areas.
Degradation of the Gelatinous Layer in Aspen and Rubberwood by the Blue Stain Fungus Lasiodiplodia Theobromae
Authors: Encinas Osvaldo , Daniel Geoffrey
Published: February 2014

Studies on the degradative ability of the blue stain fungus Lasiodiplodia theobromae (Pat.) Griffon ' Maublanc have shown several strains to cause significant weight losses (c. 20%) in wood of temperate and tropical species, aspen (Populus tremula) and rubberwood (Hevea brasiliensis), both species that commonly form tension wood. In addition to the consumption of soluble carbohydrates, major changes occurred in the ultrastructure of fibre cell walls, with a rapid attack of the G-layer of the gelatinous fibres. Following G-layer degradation, earlywood fibres of both species showed true cell wall degradation with pronounced erosion attack, suggesting that prior destruction of the G-layer afforded greater accessibility and ease of attack of the outer secondary cell wall layers.
Fibre Maturation in the Bamboo Gigantochloa Scortechinii
Authors: Murphy R.J. , Alvin K.L.
Published: February 2014

Fibre maturation, which has been shown in a number of bamboos to be a process extending over a long period after the culm has reached its full height, has been investigated in comparable internodes (6th above ground level) in culms up to three years old, with special reference to the fibres constituting the free fibre strands immersed in the ground tissue, The possession of such strands is characteristic of this pachymorph species. The fibres of the free strands are notably more heterogeneous in terms of their diameter than those of the fibre caps adjacent to the vascular tissues. It is in some of the larger fibres of the free strands that wall thickening is longest delayed, so that, even after three years, many still remain comparatively thin-walled, especially in the inner region of the culm wall. Fibres retain a living protoplast and appear to undergo progressive septation.
Occurrence of Sieve Elements in Phloem Rays
Authors: Rajput Kishore S. , Rao K. S.
Published: February 2014

Solitary sieve elements or groups of sieve elements were encountered in the rays of secondary phloem of Erythrina indica, Guazuma tomentosa, Acacia nilotica, Azadirachta indica, and Tectona grandis trees. These elements were short and possessed simple and compound sieve plates on their transverse to slightly oblique end walls. Each sieve tube element was associated with a single companion cell at their comers. Like axial sieve tube elements, the sieve tube elements of the rays showed slime (P-protein) plugs and cytoplasmic strands when functional and massive deposition of callose on sieve plates in nonfunctional sieve tube elements. The distribution pattern of these ray sieve elements differed among the species studied. The detailed structure and possible significance of these elements are discussed.
Bark Anatomy of Four Tropical Vitaceae from Veracruz, Mexico
Authors: Angeles Guillermo , León-Gómez Calixto
Published: February 2014

Bark anatomy of four species of Vitaceae growing at the tropical rain forest of Veracruz, Mexico, is described. Young and mature individuals were collected at the tropical biology field station 'Los Tuxtlas' . External, gross characteristics of the bark and microscopic features of young and adult individuals are given. Sectorization of the vascular tissues into minor and major areas was found in the three Cissus species, but not in Vitis tiliifolia, where it was apparent only at early stages of development. All the species studied have storied secondary phloem and very tall rays. The potential role of mucilage in water-holding capacity and the relationship of stem anatomy and aerial root formation are discussed.
Effect of Thinning on the Wood Structure in Annual Growth Rings of Japanese Larch (Larix Leptolepis)
Authors: Koga Shinya , Oda Kazuyuki , Tsutsumi Juichi , Fujimoto Takaaki
Published: February 2014

The objective of this study was to determine the effect of thinning on the annual ring structure and the cross-sectional dimensions of tracheids in plantation-grown Japanese larch (Larix leptolepis). Annual ring width, earlywood width and latewood width increased significantly after thinning. The width of the band of nonflat latewood tracheids in the annual ring increased more than that of flat latewood tracheids. Thinning did not significantly affect latewood percentage. The average radial diameter of both earlywood and latewood tracheids increased after thinning. After thinning, average wall thickness of earlywood tracheids increased, while that of latewood tracheids decreased. Cell wall percentage in earlywood was not influenced significantly by thinning, but latewood cell wall percentage decreased. The changes of the average radial tracheid diameter, the average wall thickness of tracheids and cell wall percentage from earlywood to latewood within a growth ring became more gradual after thinning. However, thinning did not affect significantly the cell wall percentage of the whole growth ring. This study suggests that thinning has little effect on wood density of the whole growth ring in Japanese larch.
Cambial Development and Tracheid Length of Dwarf Pines (Pinus Densiflora and P. Thunbergii)
Authors: Lim Dong Ok , Soh Woong Young
Published: February 2014

From a comparison of cambial cells and their derivatives between naturally occurring dwarf trees and normal ones, it was concluded that tracheids in the annual rings of dwarf trees are shorter, narrower and fewer than those of normal trees. The frequency of anticlinal division and loss of cambial initials is low during differentiation of xylem cells from cambial initials in dwarf pines. The length and intrusive growth of fusiform initials are slightly less than those of normal trees. Thus, it is concluded that the shortening of tracheids in dwarf trees is due to the fact that cambial initials are themselves shortened and that intrusive growth during differentiation of xylem mother cells has occurred.
Vessel and Fibre Property Variation in Eucalyptus Globulus and Eucalyptus Nitens: Some Preliminary Results
Authors: Hudson Irene , Wilson Lawrie , Beveren Kim Van
Published: February 2014

Vessel areas and distributions in Eucalyptus globulus and E. nitens vary in a consistent, significant and predictable way from pith to bark and within annual rings. Trends in vessel areas and distributions can be quantified despite the presence of indistinct annual rings and false rings. There is evidence of a vessel free area in first earlywood in E. nitens in which fibre properties are predictably different. At 5% height the vessel free area in the 1991 and 1992 annual rings is 13% and 1O% respectively.
Seasonal Variation in Traumatic Resin Canal Formation in Chamaecyparis Obtusa Phloem
Authors: Kuroda Keiko
Published: February 2014

Trunks of Chamaecyparis obtusa were injured to examine seasonal differences in traumatic resin canal formation in secondary phloem. Even after wounding during winter, differentiation of axial parenchyma into epithelium was initiated, and vertical resin canals formed. After winter wounding, resin canal development was slower and the tangential extent of resin canals was narrower than after spring wounding, and it took one to two months until resin secretion began. After spring wounding, the sites of resin canal formation were the 1- and 2-year-old annual rings of phloem. In August, the location of resin canal formation shifted into the current and 1-year-old annual ring. Resin canals never formed in secondary phloem areas that were 3 or more years old. In C. obtusa trunks that are affected by the resinous stem canker, numerous tangentiallines of resin canals are found throughout the phloem, not just recent and 1- to 2-year-old phloem. The present research indicates that these many lines of resin canals were not formed at one time, and that the stimuli that induce traumatic resin canals must occur repeatedly over many years. The data on artificial wounding effects are useful for understanding resinous stem canker.
Wood and Bark Anatomy of Caricaceae; Correlations with Systematics and Habit
Authors: Carlquist Sherwin
Published: February 2014

Wood and bark anatomy are described for four species of three genera of Caricaceae; both root and stem material were available for Jacaratia hassleriana. Wood of all species lacks libriform fibers in secondary xylem, and has axial parenchyma instead. Cylicomorpha parviflora has paratracheal parenchyma cells with thin lignified walls; otherwise, all cell walls of secondary xylem in Caricaceae except those of vessels have only primary walls. Vessels have alternate laterally elongate (pseudoscalariform) pits on vessel-vessel interfaces, but wide, minimally bordered scalariform pits on vessel-parenchyma contacts. Laticifers occur commonly in tangential plates in fascicular secondary xylem, and rarely in xylem rays. Proliferation of axial parenchyma by zones of tangential divisions is newly reported for the family. Bark is diverse in the species, although some features (e.g., druses) are common to all. Wood of Caricaceae is compared to that of two species of Moringaceae, recently designated the sister family of Caricaceae. Although the wood and bark of Moringa oleifera, a treelike species, differ from those of Caricaceae, wood and bark of the stem succulent M. hildebrandtii, the habit of which resembles those in Caricaceae, simulate wood and bark of Caricaceae closely. Counterparts to laticifers in Moringaceae are uncertain, however. Phloem fibers of Caricaceae form an expansible peripheral cylinder of mechanical tissue that correlates with the stem succulence of most species of Caricaceae.
A Study of the Vascular Organization of Bamboos (Poaceae-Bambuseae) Using a Microcasting Method
Authors: André Jean-Pierre
Published: February 2014

A reliable and simple microcasting method is applied to the study of the vascular structure in bamboo nodes; it provides new insights into their complexity, revealing the exact arrangement of branched vessels and clustered tracheary elements. Axial differentiation gradients in the metaxylem cell files, probable relics of the intercalary meristem, can also be found using this method. This anatomical finding can be linked to arecent hypothesis on the continuum in the tracheary element differentiation.
Time Course of the Secondary Deposition of Incrusting Materials on Bordered Pit Membranes in Cryptomeria Japonica
Authors: Sano Yuzou , Nakada Ryogo
Published: February 2014

Bordered pit membranes of Cryptomeria japonica were examined successively from the outermost sapwood to the heartwood by scanning electron microscopy and by ultraviolet microspectrophotometry in an attempt to evaluate the time course of the secondary deposition of incrusting materials and to gain clues to their chemical composition. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that the bordered pit membranes were covered by incrusting materials from the middle layer of the sapwood to the heartwood. Both the amount and the appearance of the deposited incrusting materials differed among four regions of the wood, namely, the middle to inner layer of the sapwood, the innermost layer of the sapwood, the intermediate wood and the heartwood. From our results it appears that, in C. japonica, incrusting materials are deposited on bordered pit membranes by stages over several years. Apparent absorption of ultraviolet light by the bordered pit membranes was detected in the analysis of the innermost layer of the sapwood, the intermediate wood and the heartwood. The incrusting materials deposited in these zones were probably phenolic compounds. However, differences in the manner and extent of the absorption of ultraviolet light were found between these three regions of the wood. The results of microspectrophotometric analysis also suggested the phased deposition of incrusting materials at the bordered pit membranes of C. japonica.
Radial Growth Dynamics of Spruce (Picea Abies) Measured by Micro-Cores
Authors: Bäucker Ernst , Bues Claus-Thomas , Vogel Michael
Published: February 2014

Using medical cannulas of 0.5 mm inside diameter, micro-cores were taken at three circurnferential heights from five spruce trees [Picea abies (L.) Karst.] in the Ore Mountains (Germany). The micro-cores were taken every second week during the growing seasons of 1996 and 1997 and light-microscopy studies were made on the micro-cores. The number of xylem and phloem cells, and total cell count in the cambial zone, were tabulated for each sampIe. Determination of the intra-annual cellular growth rate of conifers is simplified and will be possible also in long-term experiments. Preliminary evaluations of the wound response indicate that this micro-coring technique causes minimal injury.
Tyloses in Abscission Scars of Loblolly Pinel
Authors: Roland R.Dute Roland R. , Duncan Kathy M. , Duke Brandon
Published: February 2014

During a study of fascicle abscission in Pinus taeda L., tyloses were observed to occlude tracheids of both proximal and distal abscission scars. The tyloses represent the protrusion of ray parenchyma cells into tracheid lumens. Multiple tyloses often arise from a given parenchyma cell and can enter multiple tracheids. Tyloses occur as part of an abscission process that also includes the presence of Type II cells (programmed to enlarge during abscission in the presence of ethylene) and rupture of tracheids-features common to abscission in angiosperms.
Perforated Ray Cells in Saracha Quitensis (Solanaceae)
Authors: Lindorf Helga
Published: February 2014

This work reports perforated ray cells in the stem wood of Saracha quitensis (Solanaceae), In this species the perforated ray cells were found either isolated or together in groups of 2 to 4, localised mainly on the ends of multi seriate rays, though they may also be observed in the ray body. They are generally larger than other ray cells, with simple perforations, as in vessel elements, located in both radial and tangential walls.
Wood Anatomy of Capparis Spinosa from an Ecological Perspective
Authors: Psaras G.K. , Sofroniou I.
Published: February 2014

Root and stern wood of the Mediterranean summergreen Capparis spinosa L. was studied. Wood anatomical features favour high hydraulic conductivity, which is necessary for maintaining the high midday stomatal conductance and rates of photosynthesis observed in this plant. Xylem conduits of both stern and root consist of wide and short vessel elements with simple perforation plates. Vessel grouping in the stern secures xylem safety against cavitations. The plant would be highly vulnerable to cavitations due to freezing conditions, although these are rare during the Mediterranean winter. Thus, the anatomical features of the plant, which does not seem to suffer from water stress though growing entirely during the Mediterranean summer drought, are compatible with its adaptive strategy. The significant amount of minerals found in the root vessels, and the abundant starch grains of the wood might be involved in a possible osmotic shifting of water in the xylem.
Wood Anatomy of the Tribe Dipterygeae With Comments on Related Papilionoid and Caesalpinioid Leguminosae
Authors: Gasson Peter
Published: February 2014

The wood anatomy of all three genera in the tribe Dipterygeae, Dipteryx, Pterodon and Taralea is described here in a systematic context. Dipteryx and Pterodon have short, narrow, storied rays and fine intervessel pitting, whereas Taralea has narrow non-storied rays and much finer intervessel pitting. The wood of T. casiquiarensis is much more similar to that of Dipteryx and Pterodon than to its congeners, and a new combination based on both wood and morphological features is being published in Kew Bulletin (Lewis ' Gasson, in press). The Dipterygeae may form an outlying group to the Dalbergieae, although its nearest affinity has been thought to be with Monopteryx (Sophoreae). Here, the wood anatomy of the three genera is compared with that of Sophoreae, Swartzieae and Dalbergieae.
The geometrid moths of Ethiopia I: tribes Pseudoterpnini and Comibaenini (Lepidoptera: Geometridae, Geometrinae)
Authors: HAUSMANN AXEL , PARISI FRANCESCO , SCIARRETTA ANDREA
Published: February 2014

In this paper we present a checklist for Ethiopian Geometridae, subfamily Geometrinae, tribes Pseudoterpnini and Comibaenini. Six species were found to belong to the tribe Pseudoterpnini, two species to the tribe Comibaenini. One species is described as new, Comibaena theodori sp. nov. Adults of all species are illustrated, genitalia are figured for the new species.
Revision of the Hylaea fasciaria (Linnaeus, 1758) species group in the western Palaearctic (Lepidoptera: Geometridae, Ennominae)
Authors: SIHVONEN PASI , SKOU PEDER , FLAMIGNI CLAUDIO , FIUMI GABRIELE , HAUSMANN AXEL
Published: February 2014

The Palaearctic Hylaea fasciaria (Linnaeus, 1758) species group is revised (Lepidoptera: Geometridae, Ennominae). Four taxa are considered valid at species level: H. fasciaria (Linnaeus, 1758), H. pinicolaria (Bellier, 1861), H. compararia (Staudinger, 1894) and one new species, H. mediterranea, from Italy: Sicily, Calabria and Molise. The following taxonomic changes are proposed: Ellopia cedricola Wehrli, 1919, from Turkey is downgraded to subspecies of Hylaea fasciaria (Linnaeus, 1758) (revised status), Hylaea fasciaria cleui Leraut, 1993, from France is downgraded from subspecies to synonymy with H. fasciaria fasciaria (Linnaeus, 1758) (new synonymy) and Ellopia compararia Staudinger, 1894, from Algeria is raised from subspecies of Hylaea fasciaria (Linnaeus, 1758) to species status (revised status). Hemithea squalidaria O. G. Costa, 1848 from southern Italy was placed in the genus Hylaea, but it is reverted to its original combination as its taxonomic status is uncertain. Adults, male and female genitalia and distribution maps are illustrated for all species. DNA barcodes are presented for most taxa studied.
The first discovery of the genus Meira Jacquelin du Val outside the western mediterranean area, with description of a new species (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Entiminae)
Authors: Bellò Cesare , Baviera Cosimo
Published: February 2014

A new species of Meira Jacquelin du Val, 1852 from northeast Italy is described: Meira mariaesilvanae sp. n. This is the first discovery of the genus Meira in the northeast of Italy outside the hitherto known distribution. Ecological and distributional data are provided for the new species. Photos of habitus, some morphological details, genitalia and of the type locality illustrate the work.  In addition we provide a dichotomous key to Italian species and a checklist to known Meira species.
Utility of Dense Pressure Observations for Improving Mesoscale Analyses and Forecasts
Authors: Madaus Luke E. , Hakim Gregory J. , Mass Clifford F.
Published: February 2014

The use of dense pressure observations is investigated for creating mesoscale ensemble analyses and improving short-term mesoscale forecasts. By exploiting additional observation platforms, the number of pressure observations over the Pacific Northwest region is increased by an order of magnitude over standard airport observations. Quality control and bias correction methods for these observations are discussed, including the use of pressure tendency as an alternative observation type with fewer bias concerns. The enhanced station density provided by these observations contributes to localized adjustments for a variety of mesoscale phenomena. These adjusted analyses yield improved forecasts, including more accurate forecasts of frontal passages and convective bands. Assimilating dense 3-h pressure tendency observations also reduces the error in some forecast surface fields similarly to raw pressure observations, suggesting further investigation into pressure tendency as a mesoscale observation type.
Cross-Field Effects and Ethnic Classification
Authors: Mora G. Cristina
Published: February 2014

Research on racial/ethnic categorization provides insight on how broad processes, such as migration trends or political shifts, precede the establishment of new categories, but does not detail the struggles and compromises that emerge between state and non-state actors. As a result, we know little about why new census categories are defined in certain ways or how they become legitimated. This article addresses this gap by using an organizational lens to reconstruct how the Hispanic category emerged in the United States. I demonstrate that categories can become institutionalized through a two-stage process as state actors and ethnic entrepreneurs (1) negotiate a classification’s definition and (2) work together to popularize the category. I argue that cross-field effects undergird these stages—movements toward developing a new category within state agencies are reinforced by similar classification efforts occurring among social movement groups and media firms, and vice versa. I identify three organizational mechanisms that sustained these effects in the Hispanic case: the development of boundary-spanning networks between state and non-state actors, the transposition of resources across fields, and the use of analogy and ambiguity as cognitive tools to describe and legitimate the new category. I discuss the theoretical merits of incorporating organizational analysis, especially the concept of cross-field effects, into the study of racial/ethnic classification.
Simulation Model for Tracheotomy Education for Primary Health-Care Providers
Authors: Dorton LeighAnne H. , Lintzenich Catherine Rees , Evans Adele K.
Published: February 2014

Objectives:

We performed this study to evaluate the competency of health-care providers managing patients with tracheotomies, and assess the need for, and efficacy of, a multidisciplinary educational program incorporating patient simulation.

Methods:

The prospective observational study included 87 subjects who manage patients with tracheotomies within a tertiary-care hospital. The subjects completed self-assessment questionnaires and objective multiple-choice tests before and after attending a comprehensive educational course using patient simulation. The outcome measurements included pre-course and post-course questionnaire and test scores, as well as observational data collected during recorded patient simulation sessions.

Results:

Before the education and simulation, the subjects reported an average comfort level of 3.3 on a 5-point Likert scale across 10 categories in the questionnaire, which improved to 4.4 after the training (p < 0.0001). The subjects’ mean scores improved from 56% on the pre-course test to 91% on the post-course test (p < 0.0001). The specific deficiencies observed during patient simulation scenarios included unfamiliarity with different tracheotomy tube types, misunderstanding of speaking valve physiology, and delayed recognition and treatment of a plugged or dislodged tracheotomy tube.

Conclusions:

There is a significant need for improved tracheotomy education among primary health-care providers. Incorporating patient simulation into a comprehensive tracheotomy educational program was effective in improving provider confidence, increasing provider knowledge, and teaching the skills necessary for managing patients with a tracheotomy.
Quality of Life After Cholesteatoma Surgery
Authors: Quaranta Nicola , Iannuzzi Lucia , Petrone Paolo , D’Elia Alessandra , Quaranta Antonio
Published: February 2014

Objectives:

The aim of this study was to evaluate, by means of the Chronic Ear Survey (CES), the quality of life of patients who had undergone either intact–canal wall tympanoplasty (ICWT) or canal wall–down tympanoplasty (CWDT) with mastoid obliteration.

Methods:

This was a retrospective case review study performed at a tertiary referral center. Among 379 patients affected by middle ear and mastoid cholesteatoma operated on between November 2000 and December 2009, 50 patients who underwent ICWT and 50 who underwent CWDT with mastoid obliteration were randomly selected. The CES scores were analyzed for both groups.

Results:

The mean scores on the CES were 6.5 ± 2.1 in patients who underwent CWDT and 6.9 ± 2.2 in patients treated with ICWT ( t = −0.93; p > 0.05). No significant differences between the two groups were found on the activity restriction, symptom, or medical resource subscales (p > 0.05).

Conclusions:

The results of this study demonstrate that CWDT with mastoid obliteration resulted in a quality of life comparable with that after ICWT. Postoperative hearing loss is the most frequently reported problem for both techniques.
Effect of Weight Loss on Short-Term Outcomes and Costs of Care After Head and Neck Cancer Surgery
Authors: Gourin Christine G. , Couch Marion E. , Johnson Jonas T.
Published: February 2014

Objectives:

Patients with head and neck cancer (HNC) frequently present with weight loss secondary to dysphagia and malnutrition. We sought to determine the relationship between weight loss and in-hospital mortality, complications, length of hospitalization, and costs in HNC surgery.

Methods:

We analyzed discharge data from the Nationwide Inpatient Sample for 93,663 patients who underwent an ablative procedure for malignant oral cavity, laryngeal, hypopharyngeal, or oropharyngeal neoplasms between 2003 and 2008.

Results:

Weight loss was significantly associated with dysphagia (relative risk ratio [RRR] = 3.0; p < 0.001), alcohol abuse (RRR = 2.0; p < 0.001), advanced comorbidity (RRR = 1.8; p < 0.001), Medicaid payor status (RRR = 1.6; p = 0.002), urgent or emergent admission (RRR = 1.7; p = 0.015), and major surgical procedures (RRR = 2.3; p < 0.001). Patients with weight loss had increased risks of acute cardiac events, pneumonia, renal failure, sepsis, pulmonary failure (RRR = 2.6; p < 0.001), and postoperative wound healing complications, including fistula, dehiscence, and surgical site infection (RRR = 2.0; p < 0.001). After we controlled for all other variables, weight loss was associated with significantly increased length of hospitalization and hospital-related costs.

Conclusions:

Weight loss is associated with increases in medical complications, surgical complications, length of hospitalization, and hospital-related costs in HNC surgical patients. Aggressive preoperative identification and treatment of underlying dysphagia and malnutrition may reduce the medical and surgical morbidity in this high-risk population.
Endoscopic and Three-Dimensional Radiographic Imaging of the Pterygopalatine and Infratemporal Fossae
Authors: Bryant Lucas , Goodmurphy Craig W. , Han Joseph K.
Published: February 2014

Objectives:

We sought to define the surgical endoscopic anatomy of the pterygopalatine fossa (PPF) and infratemporal fossa (ITF) through endoscopic cadaver dissections and radiographic imaging analysis.

Methods:

Eleven fresh cadavers were submitted to computed tomography (CT) and endoscopic dissection. We used 3-dimensional (3-D) CT reconstruction and endoscopic video imaging for analysis of the bony and soft tissue landmarks. One fixed cadaver head was grossly dissected to confirm the endoscopic anatomic findings.

Results:

The CT and 3-D CT reconstruction measurements between the pterygoid canal and the foramen rotundum averaged 4.36 mm and 5.09 mm, respectively. An osseous ridge (pterygoid ridge) was identified on the anterior face of the pterygoid process as a novel identifiable anatomic landmark in all of the specimens. The average length of the pterygoid ridge on 3-D CT reconstruction was 7.84 mm. The internal maxillary artery entered the PPF posteromedial to the temporalis tendon and anterolateral to the lateral pterygoid muscle. The average distance from the anterior edge of the lateral pterygoid plate to the foramen ovale was 17.1 mm.

Conclusions:

The pterygoid ridge is a novel and reliable osseous landmark that could assist surgeons during endoscopic surgery on the PPF and ITF. The neurovascular and muscular anatomic relationships were characterized for both the PPF and the ITF.
Attendance in Voice Therapy
Authors: Starmer Heather M. , Liu Zaneta , Akst Lee M. , Gourin Christine
Published: February 2014

Objectives:

We sought to determine the effect of referral patterns on attendance in voice therapy.

Methods:

Patients who were seen by a laryngologist for vocal concerns and referred for voice therapy comprised the study population. Outcomes were compared between those who were initially evaluated through the interdisciplinary voice clinic (IDC), which combined speech-language pathology and laryngology care, and those who were evaluated by a laryngologist alone. Adherence was measured by completion of the plan of care.

Results:

There were 79 patients evaluated through the IDC and 100 patients evaluated initially by a laryngologist. Patients evaluated through the IDC had more visits with the speech-language pathologist (mean, 3.1 versus 1.24; p < 0.0001). Those initially evaluated through the IDC were more likely to complete their plan of care (p = 0.02). Completion of voice therapy was significantly more likely for individuals coded as being of “other” race (odds ratio, 7.98; p = 0.002) and for patients who participated in the IDC (odds ratio, 2.56; p = 0.018). The cause of dysphonia, sex, marital status, insurance status, days from laryngology referral to the initial speech-language pathologist consultation, the initial Voice-Related Quality of Life score, and distance to the clinic were not associated with patient attendance.

Conclusions:

Patients evaluated in a coordinated IDC should be more likely to attend voice therapy and complete their plan of care, regardless of other factors.
Bourdieu recontextualized: Redefinitions of western critical thought in the periphery
Authors: Warczok Tomasz , Zarycki Tomasz
Published: February 2014

This article analyses the redefinition of global discourse in semi-peripheral settings; it proposes a model for the semi-peripheral recontextualization of critical discourses originating from the western core of the global intellectual system. The process of redefinition of global discourses in semi-peripheral settings appears to involve their parallel appropriation by actors whose positions can be reconstructed through Bourdieu’s field concept, in particular through the usage of his theory of cultural capital in the field of contemporary Polish sociology. The model presented in the article emphasizes a strong homology between the political field and the broader field of social sciences in peripheral countries. It appears that they are usually structured according to specific peripheral pro- vs anti-centre cleavages. Peripheral fields of power, which are organized around this binary logic, tend to produce specific, often contradictory, parallel redefinitions of western critical theory. Meanings become politically defined and distant from their original context. One of the paradoxical effects of these mechanisms is that the concepts which originally emerge as critical theory, in a semi-peripheral context, are often used in legitimization of and as apology for a neoliberal social order.
Institutionalizing HIPAA Compliance
Authors: Anthony Denise L. , Appari Ajit , Johnson M. Eric
Published: February 2014

Health care in the United States is highly regulated, yet compliance with regulations is variable. For example, compliance with two rules for securing electronic health information in the 1996 Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act took longer than expected and was highly uneven across U.S. hospitals. We analyzed 3,321 medium and large hospitals using data from the 2003 Health Information and Management Systems Society Analytics Database. We find that organizational strategies and institutional environments influence hospital compliance, and further that institutional logics moderate the effect of some strategies, indicating the interplay of regulation, institutions, and organizations that contribute to the extensive variation that characterizes the U.S. health care system. Understanding whether and how health care organizations like hospitals respond to new regulation has important implications both for creating desired health care reform and for medical sociologists interested in the changing organizational structure of health care.
Caught in a Bad Romance
Authors: Soller Brian
Published: February 2014

Integrating insights from cultural sociology and identity theory, I explore the mental health consequences of adolescent romantic relationship inauthenticity—incongruence between thoughts/feelings and actions within romantic contexts. Applying sequence analysis to National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health data, I measure relationship inauthenticity by quantifying the extent to which the ordering of events of actual romantic relationships (e.g., holding hands, saying “I love you”) diverges from the sequence of events within idealized relationship scripts among 5,316 adolescents. I then test its association with severe depression, suicide ideation, and suicide attempt. I find that romantic relationship inauthenticity is positively associated with the risk of all three markers of poor mental health, but only for girls. This study highlights the importance of gender and culture in determining how early romantic involvement influences psychological well-being.
Race, Gender, and Chains of Disadvantage
Authors: Umberson Debra , Williams Kristi , Thomas Patricia A. , Liu Hui , Thomeer Mieke Beth
Published: February 2014

We use a life course approach to guide an investigation of relationships and health at the nexus of race and gender. We consider childhood as a sensitive period in the life course, during which significant adversity may launch chains of disadvantage in relationships throughout the life course that then have cumulative effects on health over time. Data from a nationally representative panel study (Americans’ Changing Lives, N = 3,477) reveal substantial disparities between black and white adults, especially pronounced among men, in the quality of close relationships and in the consequences of these relationships for health. Greater childhood adversity helps to explain why black men have worse health than white men, and some of this effect appears to operate through childhood adversity’s enduring influence on relationship strain in adulthood. Stress that occurs in adulthood plays a greater role than childhood adversity in explaining racial disparities in health among women.
Community Treatment Orders: Implications of the drafting of the Mental Health Act 2007 for emergency detention of Community Patients
Authors: Wood Julie , Wood Robin , Falkowski Jan , Butler Josh
Published: February 2014

Since the introduction of Community Treatment Orders by the Mental Health Act 2007, their use has increased year on year. Clinical experience has, however, demonstrated a weakness in the drafting of the Act, particularly in respect of patients who may be admitted informally for treatment of their mental health while also on a Community Treatment Order and then require detention under the terms of the Mental Health Act 2007. This paper describes these potential problems, particularly with regard to the inability to detain a Community Patient using sections 4 or 5 of the MHA 2007. The authors explore the difficulties that may arise from this, including the need to balance the principle of using the least restrictive option, and the rights of the patient against the potential risks to both the patient and the public. The authors propose possible considerations and options in these circumstances.