bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Una propuesta discreta: Apelaciones a las redes sociales de programas populares en Europa
Authors:   Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (España), Monclús Belén , Garcia-Muñoz Núria ,   Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (España), Delgado Matilde ,   Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (España), Franquet Rosa ,   Universidad Autònoma de Barcelona (España), Prado Emili ,   Universidad Autònoma de Barcelona (España), Mendoza Alba ,   Universidad Autònoma de Barcelona (España)
Published: March 2020

En este artículo se muestran los resultados de una investigación empírica sobre estrategias de apelación en pantalla que piden el uso de las redes sociales durante los programas más vistos de los canales de TDT en general en Francia, Alemania, Italia, España y Reino Unido en 2016-2017. El objetivo es identificar cómo se busca la atención de las audiencias sociales durante la emisión y qué forma adquieren estos llamamientos en la narrativa y estructura de los formatos. El análisis de contenido muestra los recursos y estrategias utilizadas, las diferencias según país, propiedad del canal y género de programación, y el uso hegemónico de hashtags y las estrategias únicas de info-show en canales comerciales
Percepción de la formación y la especialización del periodismo científico en Chile
Authors:   Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Vernal-Vilicic Teresa Paz , Valderrama Lorena Beatriz ,   Universidad Alberto Hurtado (Chile), Contreras-Ovalle Joaquín ,   Universidad de Chile, Arriola Tamara ,   Universidad Finis Terrae (Chile)
Published: March 2020

Este artículo analiza la percepción que tienen los periodistas y profesores de comunicación de la ciencia sobre la formación y la especialización de los periodistas científicos chilenos, mediante una metodología mixta, compuesta por entrevistas en profundidad y encuestas a nivel nacional. Dentro de los resultados más destacados está que, si bien la oferta formativa de pre y posgrado ha aumentado en el país, la especialización en comunicación científica en Chile sigue dependiendo de la autoformación y especialización laboral, existiendo diversos niveles de valorización de esta entre los profesionales. Se concluye que esta valoración responde a trayectorias laborales, formaciones y también a modelos divulgativos
A historical review of Australian aerial vertebrate pest control, targeting dingoes and wild dogs 1946 – 2019
Authors: Philip Justine
Published: March 2020

This paper examines the history of aerial baiting in Australia since the first operations commenced in 1946, initially targeting the dingo (Canis dingo). It was believed that dingo populations had proliferated during the Second World War, and posed a threat the re-emerging wool and meat industry. New technologies took advantage of skilled air force pilots, and the surplus of aircraft available post World War 2, to commence an inexpensive, sustained and landscape wide approach to pest management. Aerial baiting has continued to develop as a technology since this time. However, it was 21 years before Australia started the first comprehensive research trial into its efficacy in controlling the target species. The results of these tests that commenced in 1968 were an overwhelming failure. More tests in the 1970s had similar results, yet the broad-scale poisoning of pest species from the air continued. The application of aerial baiting in dingo/wild dog control is believed to have a temporal effect, anecdotally achieving short-term goals towards reducing livestock losses from predation. There is no conclusive data, however, to support this claim. The true impact of aerial baiting on target and non-target native species, and ecosystem function, is potentially great. It is not possible to gain accurate data on the impact of these programs due to the inaccessible nature of the terrain and/or lack of funding for before-after-control-impact (BACI) research and analysis. However, it is possible to conclude from reviewing historical and contemporary land baiting trials, that there is reason to be greatly concerned. Aerial campaigns originally designed to protect agricultural interests have been re-deployed in recent conservation programs, designed to protect biodiversity and to eradicate an increasing number of introduced “pest” species. A review of the scientific and historical data raises concerns about the ethics, inefficiencies, indefinable impacts, and high uptake of baits by non-target species, throughout aerial baiting operations in agricultural and conservation zones. The report concludes that the impact of aerial baiting is essentially incalculable, and potentially environmentally hazardous. The risks of these programs have been greatly understated in published reports and reviews over the past 70 years.
Extension
Authors: Leeolou Melissa C.
Published: December 2024

In this narrative medicine essay, a medical student whose life-healing, soul-freeing ballet career was ended by psoriatic arthritis now seeks to find healing in medicine.
Investigation of indoor microplastics in settled indoor house dust in single‐person residential buildings in Japan
Authors: Bai Yifan , Lim Eunsu , Ni Yuan , Wei Jingyi , Kurosu Shunji , Takeuchi Jinya , Kim Hoon , Ogasawara Takeshi , Takemura Akihisa
Published: December 2024

Microplastics, defined as plastic particles smaller than 5 mm, are widely spread in aquatic, terrestrial, and atmospheric environments, which is a marked environmental concern. However, research on indoor microplastic pollution remains limited, particularly in Japan. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the shape and composition of microplastics in house dust from single‐person households in four regions of Japan, including Tohoku, Kanto, Chubu, and Kansai. Micro‐Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy, a technique that combines infrared spectroscopy with optical microscopy was used, allowing a detailed analysis by obtaining the specific interference patterns and absorption spectra of the materials. The influence of building structure, flooring, and wall materials on microplastic composition in indoor environments was also investigated. This study addresses crucial knowledge gaps regarding the extent, forms, and sources of indoor microplastics. These findings contribute to the development of targeted measures to mitigate indoor microplastic exposure, support efforts to improve indoor air quality, and protect public health.
Dosimetric comparison of M6 CyberKnife plans optimized with Precision and RayStation 12A treatment planning systems
Authors: Gondré Maude , Vallet Véronique , Bourhis Jean , Bochud François , Moeckli Raphael
Published: December 2024

Purpose

Treatment planning for CyberKnife (CK) (Accuray, USA) can be performed with Precision (Accuray, USA) or RayStation (RS) (RaySearch Laboratories, Sweden) treatment planning systems (TPS). RaySearch recently released a new version of the CK module in RS 12A. The objective of the study was to compare plan quality between RS 12A and Precision.

Methods

Fifty nine plans were optimized with both TPS and compared; 39 were for brain metastases and 20 were for vertebral metastases. To avoid bias in plan comparison, Precision plans were recomputed in RS with the dose algorithm and beam model of RS, and then compared to RS plans. The comparison was divided into 3 parts in order to reflect the potential of RS and the differences with Precision, in terms of technical aspects of delivery efficiency and dose distribution. We compared the dose to the target and to the organs at risk (OAR), the conformity index (CI), the gradient, as well as the number of monitor units (MU), and the number of beams and nodes. Finally, a global plan quality index (PQI) was calculated.

Results

RS plans showed an equivalent target coverage for brain metastases but worse for vertebrae. OAR sparing was improved in RS but with a lower CI compared to Precision. Using an appropriate planning methodology in RS, plans with comparable quality to Precision could be obtained, but at the cost of a longer optimization time. The PQI obtained with RS was better than Precision, except for some brain cases.

Conclusion

RS is an adequate alternative for CK planning as it is possible to obtain plan quality comparable to Precision. However, the optimization time is longer compared to Precision and more attention must be paid to the choice of the initial conditions in terms of the number of beams and nodes.
Accessible Soft Electronics with Silver‐Gelatin Conductive Hydrogel Composite
Authors: Chin Kiyn , Vinciguerra Michael , Patel Dinesh K. , Roberts Olcay Peter , Vasquez Eldy S. Lazaro , Majidi Carmel
Published: December 2024

Electrically conductive hydrogels are a promising class of materials for soft electronics and robotics that mimic the mechanics of natural biological tissue. However, these materials are typically derived from petrochemical sources and their production typically involves hazardous solvents and monomers that limit accessibility and environmental compatibility. This study introduces a biomaterial hydrogel composite in which a percolating network of silver microflakes is suspended in a natural, gelatin‐based matrix. The composite is primarily composed of inexpensive, food‐safe ingredients and fabrication is achieved using accessible consumer‐grade equipment. The resulting material system is mechanically soft, stretchable up to 470% strain, and highly conductive up to 3.1 × 103 S cm−1, with properties that can be tailored based on material composition and processing conditions. In addition to experimental characterization of its material properties, this conductive gelatin composite is shown to be applicable for a variety of uses cases in soft matter circuitry and bioelectronics.
Defining benefit: Clinically and biologically meaningful outcomes in the next‐generation Alzheimer's disease clinical care pathway
Authors: Elhage Aya , Cohen Sharon , Cummings Jeffrey , van der Flier Wiesje M. , Aisen Paul , Cho Min , Bell Joanne , Hampel Harald
Published: December 2024

To understand the potential benefits of emerging Alzheimer's disease (AD) therapies within and beyond clinical trial settings, there is a need to advance current outcome measurements into meaningful information relevant to all stakeholders. The relationship between the impact on disease biology and clinically measurable outcomes in cognition, function, and behavior must be considered when defining the meaningful benefit of early AD therapies. In this review, we discuss: (1) the lack of consideration for biomarkers in the current concept of meaningfulness in AD; (2) the lack of gold standards for determining minimal biologically and clinically important differences (MBCIDs) in AD trials; (3) how the treatment benefits of disease‐modifying treatments are cumulative and increase over time; and (4) the different concepts of meaningfulness among key stakeholders. This review utilizes the future clinical biological framework of AD and aims to further integrate and expand the parameters of meaningful benefits toward a precision medicine framework.

Highlights

Definition of meaningful benefit from Alzheimer's disease (AD) treatment varies across disease stage and stakeholder perspectives.

Observable and meaningful outcomes must consider the clinical‐biological nature of AD.

Statistically significant effects or outcomes do not always equate to clinically meaningfulness.

Assessment tools must reflect stage‐specific subtle changes following treatment.

Real‐world evidence will support consensus, definition, and interpretation of clinical meaningfulness.
Sequential fusion estimation for nonlinear systems under deceptive attacks
Authors: Yin Shu , Miao Kelei , Yu Li
Published: December 2024

This article deals with sequential fusion estimation for nonlinear systems under deceptive attacks, which may happen during transmissions of measurements and system states over communication networks. The estimator is developed by incorporating measurement fusion and local estimate fusion with attack detection. Moreover, a compensation strategy is designed to mitigate the impact of deceptive attacks on performance degradation. The proposed method may preserve the data integrity for accurate state estimation with deceptive attacks. Numerical simulation with the target tracking systems verifies the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Stability analysis of discrete‐time switched positive linear systems with unstable subsystem
Authors: Liu Li‐Juan , Zhang Zhao , Karimi Hamid Reza , Chen Shu Yue
Published: December 2024

This paper deals with the problem of stability analysis for discrete‐time switched positive linear systems with unstable subsystems. The fundamental concept involves utilizing the stability properties of switching behavior to counteract the state divergence introduced by unstable systems. Moreover, the existing results in the literature lack a method that can simultaneously address the stability analysis of switching positive systems containing only stable subsystems or containing unstable subsystems or only unstable subsystems. Therefore, in this paper, based on the widely used discretization Lyapunov function method in time‐delay systems, a new dwell‐time dependent co‐positive Lyapunov function was proposed by applying it to switched positive systems. A computable sufficient condition for stability analysis of switched linear systems with unstable subsystems was established within the dwell time framework. To verify the effectiveness of the results, this paper provides a numerical example and an example of supersaturated cross signal control for illustration, as well.
Investigating a Domain Adaptation Approach for Integrating Different Measurement Instruments in a Longitudinal Clinical Registry
Authors: Hackenberg Maren , Pfaffenlehner Michelle , Behrens Max , Pechmann Astrid , Kirschner Janbernd , Binder Harald
Published: December 2024

In a longitudinal clinical registry, different measurement instruments might have been used for assessing individuals at different time points. To combine them, we investigate deep learning techniques for obtaining a joint latent representation, to which the items of different measurement instruments are mapped. This corresponds to domain adaptation, an established concept in computer science for image data. Using the proposed approach as an example, we evaluate the potential of domain adaptation in a longitudinal cohort setting with a rather small number of time points, motivated by an application with different motor function measurement instruments in a registry of spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) patients. There, we model trajectories in the latent representation by ordinary differential equations (ODEs), where person‐specific ODE parameters are inferred from baseline characteristics. The goodness of fit and complexity of the ODE solutions then allow to judge the measurement instrument mappings. We subsequently explore how alignment can be improved by incorporating corresponding penalty terms into model fitting. To systematically investigate the effect of differences between measurement instruments, we consider several scenarios based on modified SMA data, including scenarios where a mapping should be feasible in principle and scenarios where no perfect mapping is available. While misalignment increases in more complex scenarios, some structure is still recovered, even if the availability of measurement instruments depends on patient state. A reasonable mapping is feasible also in the more complex real SMA data set. These results indicate that domain adaptation might be more generally useful in statistical modeling for longitudinal registry data.
In Situ, High‐Resolution Quantification of CO2 Uptake Rates via Automated Off‐Gas Analysis Illuminates Carbon Uptake Dynamics in Cyanobacterial Cultures
Authors: Jones Christopher M. , Innes Sean , Holland Steven , Burch Tyson , Parrish Sydney , Nielsen David R.
Published: December 2024

Quantification of cyanobacterial CO2 fixation rates is vital to determining their potential as industrial strains in a circular bioeconomy. Currently, however, CO2 fixation rates are most often determined through indirect and/or low‐resolution methods, resulting in an incomplete picture of both dynamic behaviors and total carbon fixation potential. To address this, we developed the “Automated Carbon and CO2 Experimental Sampling System” (ACCESS); a low‐cost system for in situ off‐gas analysis that supports the automated acquisition of high‐resolution volumetric CO2 uptake rates from multiple cyanobacterial cultures in parallel. Carbon fixation data obtained via ACCESS were first independently validated by elemental analysis of cultivated biomass. Using ACCESS, we then demonstrate how the volumetric CO2 uptake rate of two model cyanobacteria, Synechococcus sp. PCC 7002 and Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803, accelerates linearly to a maximum before then decaying monotonically to cessation by stationary phase. Furthermore, consistent with the expected stoichiometry, strong correlations were also found to exist between cell growth and carbon fixation, both in terms of rates as well as total levels. The novel insights made possible via ACCESS will aid other cyanobacterial researchers in diverse fundamental and applied research efforts.
Efficacy and Safety Evaluation of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Combination With Chemotherapy for Extensive Small Cell Lung Cancer: Real‐World Evidence
Authors: Yamanaka Yuta , Okuno Yukiko , Kamisako Keisuke , Okazaki Yuta , Nakanishi Kentaro , Sanada Yume , Yoshida Kiyori , Ikoma Tatsuki , Takeyasu Yuki , Katsushima Utae , Yoshioka Hiroshige , Kurata Takayasu
Published: December 2024

Introduction

Extensive small cell lung cancer (ES‐SCLC) are currently managed using first‐line chemotherapy options, including atezolizumab (Atezo) plus etoposide and carboplatin (CE) or durvalumab (Durva) plus etoposide with either cisplatin (PE) or carboplatin (CE). However, a definitive distinction in therapeutic effects between Atezo and Durva in these regimens remains unestablished.

Methods

We analyzed data from 100 patients diagnosed with ES‐SCLC who received immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) as first‐line chemotherapy. Among them, 70 were administered Atezo + CE, 12 received Durva + PE, and 18 received Durva + CE. We assessed the efficacy of the two ICIs across various factors.

Results

The progression‐free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) did not significantly differ between Atezo + CE and Durva + CE/PE as first‐line chemotherapy treatments for SCLC. We observed no significant differences in age, sex, performance status (PS), liver metastasis, bone metastasis, or platinum‐based agent usage between the treatment cohorts. However, a marked improvement in PFS and OS was observed in the solitary patient with brain metastasis treated with Atezo + CE.

Conclusion

The primary distinction between these treatments was observed in the management of patients with brain metastasis. The literature lacks comparative studies on the effects of first‐line ICI treatment on the central nervous system, rendering our findings significant in clinical practice. Despite the retrospective nature of this study and the potential for various biases, we recommend the preferential use of Atezo + CE in patients with brain metastasis to potentially enhance prognosis.
Modulation of the Pore Environment in Pillar‐Layered MOFs for One‐Step Purification of Ethylene
Authors: Wang Yi , Tan Jian , Ren Yongheng , Chen Yang , Li Jinping , Li Libo
Published: December 2024

Comprehensive Summary

Due to the extremely similar physical and chemical properties of C2H6, C2H4, and C2H2, purifying ethylene from the C2 ternary mixture in one‐step is very challenging. In this work, we developed a series of pillar‐layered MOF materials ((Ni(BTC)(Bipy), Ni(BTC)(3‐Me‐Bipy), and Ni(BTC)(3‐NH2‐Bipy)) through the functionalization of pillar ligands using pore engineering strategies. Single‐component adsorption isotherm measurements demonstrate that these materials preferentially adsorb C2H6 and C2H2, thereby achieving one‐step purification of the three C2 hydrocarbons to obtain C2H4. By introducing functional groups on the pillars, the selectivity for C₂H₆/C₂H₄ increased by over 10%, while the selectivity for C₂H₂/C₂H₄ increased by more than 300%. Specifically, Ni(BTC)(3‐NH2‐Bipy) exhibits a selectivity of 1.5 for C2H6/C2H4 (50/50, V/V) and 5.16 for C2H2/C2H4 (1/99, V/V). Under ambient conditions, the adsorption capacity of Ni(BTC)(3‐NH2‐Bipy) for C2H2 reached 121.6 cm3/g, Ni(BTC)(3‐NH2‐Bipy) exhibits superior C2H2 adsorption capacity and C2H2/C2H4 selectivity compared to many classic materials, including TJT‐100, Azole‐Th‐1, and MOF‐808‐Bzz, commonly used for C2H4 purification from C2 ternary mixtures. Dynamic breakthrough experiments indicate that in a ternary C2 mixture, Ni(BTC)(3‐NH2‐Bipy) preferentially captures C2H6 and C2H2, enabling one‐step purification of C2H4.
A Synchronous Buck Converter With a Wide Input Voltage Range Using Simulated Peak Current Mode Control
Authors: Zou Wei , Xiong Zili , Cheng Zhengwang , Zhang Li , Wang Mei , Ma Xinguo , Huang Chuyun , Zou Xuecheng
Published: December 2024

With the rapid development of automotive infotainment, industrial DC‐DC motors and telecom servers, the demand for buck converters with high‐input or wide‐input voltage is increased. This paper proposes a synchronous buck converter with a wide input voltage range, utilizing a simulated peak current mode. The proposed simulated peak current control mode removes the need for a separate slope compensation circuit. By integrating a slope compensation current directly into the ramp generator, it eliminates subharmonic oscillation issues when the duty cycle in current mode control exceeds 50%, thereby simplifying circuit design. The proposed simulated peak current mode retains the key advantages of peak current mode, such as feedforward control, easy overcurrent protection, and easy loop compensation, while significantly enhancing the loop's immunity to interference. This enhancement reduces the noise sensitivity of the pulse width modulation circuit, eliminates false switch turn‐offs caused by leading‐edge spikes, and removes the need for external low‐pass filters. Furthermore, with the integration of high‐voltage regulation technology, it achieves a wide input–output range, broadening its application scope. As a result, the proposed mode is more robust and reliable in applications with high stability and anti‐interference requirements, such as automotive infotainment, industrial DC–DC motors, and telecom servers, offering strong support for reliable and precise power system performance. The proposed converter is implemented using UMC 250 nm BCD technology and operated at a frequency range of 50 kHz–1 MHz, with the maximum output current up to 7 A, a wide input voltage range of 6–100 V, and an output voltage range of 1.215–80 V. Besides, excellent minimum ripple/output ratio (0.0325%) and maximum power efficiency (90.93%) are achieved.
New research finds overlap between ADHD and reading disabilities in children
Authors: Lyerly Eric
Published: December 2024

New research has found that attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder and reading disability frequently occur together in children (bit.ly/4i5LEKO). The study was conducted by Erik Wilcutt, a professor of psychology and neuroscience at the University of Colorado Boulder, and Stephen Petrill, a professor in the Department of Psychology at Ohio State University. Their research highlights how these co‐occurring conditions complicate diagnosis, treatment, and long‐term outcomes, urging a reevaluation of how clinicians approach childhood developmental challenges.
Employee accommodations
Authors: Lyerly Eric
Published: December 2024

An overview of the key topics faced by disability services providers with citations to noteworthy cases, statutes, regulations, and additional sources.
Mortality after high‐risk myocardial infarction over the last 20 years: Insights from the VALIANT and PARADISE‐MI trials
Authors: Foà Alberto , Pabon Maria A. , Braunwald Eugene , Jering Karola , Vaduganathan Muthiah , Claggett Brian L. , Køber Lars , Lewis Eldrin F. , Granger Christopher B. , van der Meer Peter , Rouleau Jean L. , Maggioni Aldo P. , McMurray John J.V. , Solomon Scott D. , Pfeffer Marc A.
Published: December 2024

Aims

The temporal changes in clinical profiles and outcomes of high‐risk myocardial infarction survivors enrolled in clinical trials are poorly described. This study compares mortality rates, baseline characteristics, and the prognostic impact of therapies among participants of the VALIANT and PARADISE‐MI trials.

Methods and results

Exclusively VALIANT participants who matched the inclusion criteria of the PARADISE‐MI trial were included in the analysis. Risk of death was compared between trials using Cox regression models. The impact of baseline characteristics and therapies on mortality was estimated by the magnitude reduction of β coefficients using Cox proportional hazards regression models. A total of 9617 VALIANT participants matched the inclusion criteria of the PARADISE‐MI trial (n = 5661). All‐cause mortality in PARADISE‐MI was less than half that in VALIANT (4.2 vs 9.9 per 100 patient‐years; hazard ratio [HR] 0.41, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.37–0.46). This difference was reduced after adjustment for clinical variables but remained substantial (adjusted HR 0.68, 95% CI 0.58–0.80). The most important mediator of this reduction related to covariate adjustment was the use of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), accounting for almost half of the attenuation observed. Similar results were found for cardiovascular (CV) death, while no between‐trial significant differences were found in the non‐CV mortality risk.

Conclusions

Cardiovascular mortality following high‐risk myocardial infarction has significantly declined over time, while the risk for non‐CV death has remained unchanged. This improvement is partially attributable to advancements in CV care, particularly the use of PCI. Continued efforts to implement guidelines and standardize the quality of care are needed to sustain this positive trend.
Multi‐Objective Evaluation Method for Efficient Water Energy Utilization in Multistage Hydraulic Turbines With Ultrahigh Water Head and Low Flow Rate
Authors: Zhang Zichao , Zhao Sanya , Li Yanpin
Published: December 2024

In this article, a multi‐objective comprehensive evaluation method is established by comprehensively considering the power and shaft diameter of a multistage hydraulic turbine with an ultrahigh water head and low flow rate to utilize water energy efficiently. Using this method, several schemes for calculating the runner's geometric parameters are attained through the scheme design of different maximum numbers of stages and rotational speeds under different operating conditions of water pressure and flow rate. The reasonable schemes are determined by the maximum value in the intersection of runner diameter value ranges, the blade inlet angle β1 ≥ 12° and the blade inlet flow angle α1 ≥ 6°. Based on the multi‐objective function of water energy utilization considering the comprehensive performance of the runner diameter and power, the design parameters and design stage numbers of the multistage hydraulic turbine with the optimal comprehensive performance of power and shaft diameter are obtained. This method is recommended for the design of ultra‐low specific speed multistage hydraulic turbines with a specific speed of less than 50.
Evaluating the role of inherited structural discontinuities in badland erosional processes with landscape evolution modelling
Authors: Aksay Selçuk , Schoorl Jeroen M. , Veldkamp Antonie
Published: December 2024

Catchment‐wide erosion and sedimentation behaviour is influenced by variety of controls. One of these controls is erodibility, which may be determined by the lithological properties (e.g. texture, porosity) or the (density of) structural discontinuities (e.g. faults, fractures). In this study, the potential role of different erodibility of lithology and faults in spatio‐temporal erosion and sedimentation behaviour was evaluated using the landscape evolution model, Landscape Process Modelling at Multi‐dimensions and Scales (LAPSUS). The study area, Kula Badlands (western Turkey), is known for dense badland gully networks, incised into fine‐grained sediments in one of the tributaries of the Gediz River, the Geren catchment. An earlier field‐based study demonstrated the fault‐controlled net erosion and consequent sedimentation in these badlands. Here, we test the role of lithology and faults in landscape development with scenario‐based modelling. A reconstructed PalaeoDEM, representing a 30‐ka‐old landscape, was used as an input. Scenario simulations were conducted with lithology‐ and fault‐related erodibility and sedimentability factors. Simulation results demonstrate a significant difference in spatial erodibility and sedimentability and catchment erosion and sedimentation behaviour. Incorporating higher erodibility factors for fault zones caused not only a considerable amount of within‐catchment erosion in fault‐determined erosion zones, but also a decrease in overall catchment sediment export. In addition, high constant sedimentability lowers the sediment export considerably whilst slightly increasing total erosion rates. These outcomes indicate that fault zones with higher erodibility can increase accommodation spaces, producing temporary (re)sedimentation locations, which decrease overall sediment delivery from its catchment on the long run. The model simulations suggest that fault‐related higher erodibility and sedimentability can be important factors in controlling landscape dynamics at the local and catchment scale.
Mapping tsunami deposits through a classification model based on satellite images
Authors: Saldaña Bladimir , Cisternas Marco , Chávez Roberto O. , Aedo Diego , Guerra Mario , Carreño Alexandra
Published: December 2024

Assessing tsunami risk requires knowledge of the potential inundation area, which can be inferred from the spatial distribution of tsunami deposits. However, field surveys of tsunami deposits are time‐consuming and occasionally pose challenges, such as disturbance of sedimentary evidence by human and natural causes. Here, we propose a novel technique capable of mapping tsunami deposits using remote sensing, which was tested along a coastal stretch of central Chile following the tsunami of 27 February 2010. We trained a classification model using high‐resolution satellite images from before (September 2004 and January 2005) and after (April 2010) the 2010 tsunami to map the sand deposit, yielding an overall accuracy of about 86%. Our satellite mapping of the deposit was validated with field observations in pits and eyewitness interviews conducted about a decade after the tsunami. The field data matched the model predictions by 88%. Likewise, our satellite mapping was also contrasted with the inundation area reported by previous post‐tsunami surveys. The spatial distribution of the tsunami sand deposit inferred from our model reproduces a minimum inundation area, which was almost as extensive as the actual inundation area. Sand inundation ranged from 50 to 600 m inland, matching about 90% of water inundation. Both sand and water inundation were controlled by the land slope. Application of our technique to a satellite image from 11 years after the tsunami (May 2021) shows that the detection ability of the sand deposit was lost by about 86%, which is attributed to human intervention and masking by new soil development. Our results suggest that extensive tsunami deposits can be accurately mapped by a supervised classification model in a lesser time than that employed in field surveys.
A Hybrid Method Combining Mimetic Finite Difference and Discontinuous Galerkin for Two‐Phase Reservoir Flow Problems
Authors: Rao Xiang , He Xupeng , Kwak Hyung , Hoteit Hussein
Published: December 2024

We introduce a new hybrid numerical approach that integrates the Mimetic Finite Difference (MFD) and Discontinuous Galerkin (DG) methods, termed the MFD‐DG method. This technique leverages the MFD method to adeptly manage arbitrary quadrilateral meshes and full permeability tensors, addressing the flow equation for both edge‐center and cell‐center pressures. It also provides an approximation for phase fluxes across interfaces and within cells. Subsequently, the DG scheme, equipped with a slope limiter, is applied to the convection‐dominated transport equation to compute nodal and cell‐average water saturations. We present two numerical examples that demonstrate the MFD's capability to deliver high‐precision approximations of pressure and flux distributions across a broad spectrum of grid types. Furthermore, our proposed hybrid MFD‐DG method demonstrates a significantly enhanced ability to capture sharp water flooding fronts with greater accuracy compared to the traditional Finite Difference (FD) Method. To further demonstrate the efficacy of our approach, four numerical examples are provided to illustrate the MFD‐DG method's superiority over the classical Finite Volume (FV) method and MFDM, particularly in scenarios characterized by anisotropic permeability tensors and intricate geometries.
Characterization of Microbial Community and Flavor Compounds in Traditional Fermented Douchi Using HTS and HS‐SPME‐GC–MS
Authors: Luo Aiguo , Liu Tiantian , Shi Shengli , Liu Xiaoxia , Shi Xiaoli , Hu Bianfang
Published: December 2024

This study aim is to elucidate the relationship between the microbial community dynamics and the production of volatile flavor compounds during the fermentation process of bacterial‐type Douchi. Using high‐throughput sequencing (HTS) and headspace solid‐phase microextraction, gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (HS‐SPME‐GC–MS) was used to investigate microbial diversity and volatile compound profiles at different fermentation stages. Spearman correlation analysis was employed to identify potential associations between microbial genera and flavor compounds. The results revealed that the dominant bacterial phyla were Pseudomonadota and Firmicutes, with the dominant genera being Bacillus, Enterobacter, and Weissella. The dominant fungal phyla were Ascomycetes and Mucoromycota, whereas the dominant genera were Aspergillus, Trastula, and Pythium. A total of 110 volatile substances (relative to a relative content ≥ 0.03%) were detected during the fermentation process of bacterial‐type Douchi. These included 34 hydrocarbons, 17 alcohols, 11 heterocyclic compound, 10 acids, 9 ketones, 9 esters, 6 aldehydes, 6 sulfur compounds, and 8 other compounds. The characteristic flavor compounds identified were ethanolamine, 2,3‐butanediol, benzoaldehyde, 3‐hydroxy‐2‐butanone, pterin‐6‐carboxylic acid, ethyl heptanoate, and diallyl disulfide. Correlation analysis indicated a strong positive association between benzoin aldehyde and pterin‐6‐carboxylic acid with the genera Thiobacillus and Pythium. Ethyl heptanoate was positively correlated with Enterobacter, Weissella, and Trasmium. Additionally, 3‐hydroxy‐2‐butanone was positively correlated with the genus Staphylococcus. This research provides valuable insights into the microbial and chemical dynamics of bacterial‐type Douchi fermentation, offering guidance for optimizing fermentation processes to improve product quality.
Prolonging Shelf Life and Meat Quality of Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) by Immersing in Pine Nut (Pinus gerardiana) Extract During Cold Storage
Authors: Soleimani Shaghayegh , Haghighat Khajavi Shabnam , Safari Reza
Published: December 2024

Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) is a freshwater fish susceptible to chemical and microbial spoilage, limiting its shelf life. This study aimed to enhance and extend the rainbow trout fillets' shelf life stored at 4°C ± 1°C through an immersion treatment using ultrasound‐assisted, defatted pine nut (Pinus gerardiana Wallich) extracts at concentrations of 1% and 2% (w/v), compared to the control group (0% pine nut). Evaluations were conducted at storage intervals of 0, 4, 8, 12, 16, and 20 days. The methodology assessed antioxidant activity through 2,2‐diphenyl 1‐picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging, which showed a linear increase with pine nut extract concentration, reaching 59.24% at 2%. Chemical indicators, such as peroxide values, thiobarbituric acid values, free fatty acids, and total volatile basic nitrogen, decreased significantly (p ≤ 0.05) with higher concentrations of pine nut extract, with the lowest values recorded at 2% across all storage days. Microbial analysis showed a significant reduction (p ≤ 0.05) in the total viable count, psychrotrophic bacteria count, lactic acid bacteria, Enterobacteriaceae, and H₂S‐producing bacteria with increasing pine nut concentrations, with the 2% treatment yielding the lowest microbial loads throughout storage. Sensory evaluation indicated that higher pine nut concentrations improved the acceptability of color, odor, and taste (p ≤ 0.05). However, significant degradation (p ≤ 0.05) in chemical, microbial, and sensory parameters occurred with prolonged storage duration. In conclusion, the 2% pine nut extract was the most effective immersion treatment for extending the shelf life of rainbow trout fillets for up to 12 days.
Airway Management in Microvascular Reconstruction of the Head and Neck: Current Practice Patterns
Authors: Kimia Rotem , Nassif Abudinen Samih J. , Hanna Craig , Jung Christian , O'Leary Miriam , Tracy Lauren F. , Tracy Jeremiah C.
Published: December 2024

Objective

To identify current airway management practice patterns during free tissue transfer (FTT) reconstruction of head and neck defects.

Methods

A 27‐question survey distributed to American Head and Neck Society (AHNS) members. Correlation between surgeon and patient variables with likelihood to perform tracheotomy and tracheotomy technique were evaluated.

Results

Our survey yielded 151 respondents. The majority (69.5%) reported performing tracheotomy for “most”/“every” FTT case. There was higher likelihood (p < 0.05) toward tracheotomy for patients with poor preoperative pulmonary status, larger defect size, and reconstruction of glossectomy and oropharyngeal defects. Tracheotomy was less likely (p < 0.05) during reconstruction of maxillary or palatal defects. Surgeons in practice for > 10 years were less likely to perform tracheotomy following reconstruction of hemiglossectomy defects (OR 0.36, p = 0.018, 95% CI 0.18–0.72).

Conclusion

This study identified practice patterns of airway management in patients undergoing head and neck FTT reconstruction. There is no current consensus regarding perioperative airway management in these patients.
A Novel Training Model to Improve Diagnostic Accuracy of Cervical Fine‐Needle Aspiration
Authors: Anschuetz Lukas , Tschopp Samuel , Trippel Mafalda , Huwendiek Sören , Trepp Roman , Caversaccio Marco , von Werdt Moritz , Borner Urs
Published: December 2024

Introduction

This study aims to improve the diagnostic yield of cervical fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) through training on a novel liver model. Ultrasonography‐guided fine‐needle aspiration (US‐FNA) is crucial for diagnosing head and neck lumps but requires meticulous execution. Limited resources often hinder systematic teaching, making practical models essential for training.

Methods

Fifteen otorhinolaryngology residents trained using a liver model with inserted Sensorium spheres to simulate cervical masses. The training involved viewing an instructional video, performing US‐FNA on the model, and completing pre‐ and posttraining self‐assessments. Performance was evaluated using visual analog scales (VAS), an adapted version of objective structured assessment of ultrasound skills (adapted OSAUS), and timing of procedures. Clinical impact was assessed by comparing diagnostic rates of US‐FNA before and after training.

Results

Participants reported increased comfort and proficiency in US‐FNA techniques posttraining. Adapted OSAUS scores improved significantly for image recognition and both in‐plane and out‐of‐plane techniques. The diagnostic yield of US‐FNA in clinical practice increased from 71% to 85%. No significant influence of gender, preferred ultrasound orientation, age, or experience on the learning curve was found. However, male participants showed a more substantial benefit from the training.

Conclusion

The liver model effectively enhances US‐FNA skills, reflected in improved clinical diagnostic rates. Training on such models should be incorporated into medical education to reduce inconclusive punctures and enhance patient satisfaction. This study demonstrates the feasibility and effectiveness of a cost‐efficient, reproducible model for US‐FNA training, emphasizing the importance of practical training in medical education.
Commitment and Quiet Quitting: A Qualitative Longitudinal Study
Authors: Harris Lloyd C.
Published: December 2024

Recently scholars across a range of fields have noted the importance of the issue of quiet quitting in term of both pervasiveness and profundity of impact. Our study views quiet quitting as employees intentionally opting actively to manage their work/working lives to adhere to contracted duties/hours while avoiding voluntarily taking on additional responsibilities, tasks, or roles. To date, almost universally, existing studies assume that quiet quitting is a single, monolithic, homogenous phenomenon which relentlessly generates ‘bad’ outcomes for firms and ‘good’ outcomes for perpetrators. This current study addresses these important assumptions with a key aim of our research is to supply grounded evidence of the nature of quiet quitting and to examine the outcomes of such actions for perpetrators' longitudinally. To facilitate this, we adopt the concept of commitment as our conceptual lens for explicating how employees' quiet quitting is manifested and utilize a longitudinal, qualitative research design to gauge outcomes. After outlining existing research in the area, we detail our research design and methodology, before presenting the insights gained during data collection and analysis. Our paper concludes with a discussion of a series of contributions to both theory and practice.
In Silico and In Vitro Verification of the Effects of Chemotherapeutic Doxorubicin and 5‐Fluorouracil in Combination With Curcumin and Vitamin C on MCF‐7 Cells
Authors: Akyüz Aslı , Şirin Duygu YAŞAR
Published: December 2024

Breast cancer ranks among the most prevalent cancers. Enhancing the effectiveness of chemotherapy and patient survival is the objective of many studies. In the literature, no study has investigated the combined effect of vitamin c and curcumin with chemotherapy drugs on cell viability in the MCF‐7 cell line, nor the mechanism of inflammation induced by cancer drugs, both in vitro and in silico. Thus, the purpose of this study was to assess the synergistic effect of curcumin and vitamin c in combination with the chemotherapy drugs 5‐fluorouracil and doxorubicin. The cytokine hub genes of the Toll‐like receptor pathway for the administered drugs were identified using the Cytoscape program, and docking studies were conducted via the Cb Dock2 website. In silico analyses indicated that doxorubicin and curcumin displayed comparable characteristics, achieving the highest interaction scores (‐10) with marker proteins, whereas 5‐fluorouracil and vitamin c showed lower interaction scores. Cell viability was evaluated through MTT analysis and AO/PI staining, while the expression of inflammation‐related markers IL‐6, IL‐10, and TNF‐α proteins determined using the ELISA method. After 24 h, the cell viability of the chemotherapeutic drugs administered in combination with curcumin decreased by up to 28%. Subsequently, applications at 48 and 72 h were performed. These results indicate that the effect of curcumin on cell viability is significant when combined with chemotherapy drugs. In the ELISA test, a 52% expression of IL‐6 was noted in MCF‐7 cells treated with curcumin, whereas the IL‐6 level decreased to 15% in the other experimental groups. An increase was observed in the TNF‐α expression with 5‐fluorouracil and doxorubicin compared to the control, while a notable decrease was recorded in the applications with vitamin c and curcumin (p < 0.05). This study demonstrates that vitamin c and curcumin exhibit a synergistic effect with chemotherapeutic agents in the inflammatory system.
Systematic video analysis of shoulder dislocations in professional male football (soccer): Injury mechanisms, situational and kinematic patterns
Authors: Schneider Kristian Nikolaus , Schachtrup Tim , Gosheger Georg , Hiort Mirkka Lynn , Degener Blanca Julie , Zafeiris Theodoros , Theil Christoph
Published: December 2024

Purpose

Shoulder dislocations in professional football are severe injuries with an increasing incidence and considerable layoff times. Unlike other football injuries, the mechanisms leading to shoulder dislocations are not well understood, which limits the development of targeted preventive measures. Thus, the aims of this study were: (1) to analyse injury mechanisms of shoulder dislocations in professional football, (2) to evaluate situational and (3) to assess kinematic patterns by performing a systematic video analysis.

Methods

The study included all shoulder dislocations occurring in official matches within Germany's top two professional male football (soccer) leagues (1. and 2. Bundesliga) from the 2012/2013 to the 2022/2023 seasons. A systematic video analysis was performed using the official Bundesliga video database. Two independent reviewers assessed injury‐related, situational and kinematic parameters.

Results

A total of 37 shoulder dislocations in 36 players (mean age 25 years) were analysed. Two primary injury mechanisms were identified: Type 1 mechanisms, caused by direct contact to the upper extremity (n = 14), and Type 2 mechanisms, caused by catching a fall (n = 22). Only one case did not fit these categories. Median layoff times were 94 days for Type 1 and 56 days for Type 2, but this difference was not statistically significant. Statistically significant differences between the two types were found in player action (p < 0.001) and type of contact (p = 0.005), while factors like player's speed, movement direction, football‐specific actions, ball possession and pitch location showed no statistically significant differences. On‐field treatment methods varied, but there were no statistically significant differences in repositioning attempts or reduction techniques (n.s.). Trunk position, shoulder joint version, shoulder elevation, and rotation, as well as elbow and wrist joint positions at the moment of dislocation, were similar between the two types (n.s.).

Conclusion

Shoulder dislocations in professional football typically occur through direct contact or catching a fall, indicating a potential role for specific preventive measures.

Level of Evidence

Level III.