bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prospects and limitations of urban protected areas as a resource base for the regional recreational and tourism industry
Authors: Pomazkova Nadezhda , Biksaleev Andrey
Published: June 2024

The paper presents work on assessing external and internal factors influencing the sustainable development of a recently created protected natural area (PNA) of regional significance – the Educational and Scientific Station (ESS) “Titovskaya Sopka” in the city of Chita. This territory is a unique location with numerous archaeological heritage monuments, has high environmental significance and is very popular among residents as a vacation spot. The demand for this territory as a tourist and recreational site was confirmed by a survey of the local population. The area of the protected area is 736.5 hectares, of which 124.97 hectares are occupied by archaeological monuments. The strengths and opportunities for the development of the scientific station, including the expansion of tourism and recreation, are analyzed. A wide range of possibilities has been identified, which is due to the wide variety of display objects, high historical significance, landscape attractiveness and good transport accessibility of the territory. Among the negative and limiting factors are anthropogenic disturbance of natural complexes, uncomfortable winter conditions, low level of improvement and development of tourism infrastructure, etc. The priority of preserving ecosystems of protected areas and their environment-forming functions over economic development is emphasized, since urban protected areas are important as a source of ecosystem services for city residents.
Convolutional Neural Networks Applied to the Performance of a Coffee Tree
Authors: Oscar Sánchez Tinoco , Etasmo Santos Saybe , Magomedov Islam Arbievich
Published: June 2024

The use of artificial neural networks has been a significant advancement in the field of computer science, as it supports various fields of study in many traditional sciences. Over the years, numerous models of artificial neural networks have been tested, serving as cornerstones in scientific research. These models have been a starting point for integrating artificial neural networks as support for the detection and analysis processes in situations of risk in food plantations. In this research, the aim is to highlight previous works that have emerged to address the problem of diseases in crops, specifically in coffee. As an experiment to substantiate the importance of artificial neural networks, a prototype has been developed. This prototype consists of a convolutional neural network trained to recognize diseases in coffee trees, a regression neural network for making projections based on the results obtained from the first mentioned network, and a web application where both networks coincide and work together to provide accurate results. In conclusion, it was demonstrated that the use of artificial neural networks is feasible for maximizing productions and reducing losses in crops, particularly in coffee plantations. The algorithms are in constant development, expanding the possibilities to create increasingly robust, simple, and intuitive tools accessible to everyone.
Digitization and mobilization of regional biodiversity data on the example of the information portal “Nature of the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania”
Authors: Mamaev V.I. , Cherchesova S.K. , Shapovalov M.I. , Saprykin M.A. , Tskhovrebova A.I. , Karaeva A.S.
Published: June 2024

The article is devoted to the project on creation of a digital database on flora and fauna of North Ossetia. The paper discusses the need for biodiversity databases and digitalisation of biological collections. Information on existing biological databases is given, and the experience of developing an interactive web portal “Nature of Ossetia”, its functionality and the structure of the created database is described.
Sustainable agriculture and development of an agricultural municipality
Authors: Dvoryadkina Elena , Ermakova Anna , Istomina Natalia
Published: June 2024

The present paper discusses the major aspects for sustainable development of agricultural enterprises. Considering the current state and the trends in the agriculture and food production industry, the paper focuses on a small agricultural enterprise. The authors explore prospects for reasonable and productive agricultural land management and propose a way to enhance yields. The author’s proposal is expected to benefit both the agricultural enterprise and the municipal budget, as well as provide a competitive advantage to the municipal district.
Antecology and seed productivity of Artichoke varieties (in the example of medium salinity soils of Uzbekistan)
Authors: Isomov Eldor Erxonovich , Duschanova Guljan Madrinbayevna , Djumayeva Gulnoza Rizoyevna , Saydullayeva Iroda Saydullayevna , Nomozova Zebunisso Baxronovna
Published: June 2024

The antecology, fertilization and seed maturation processes of Green Gold, Imperial Star and Violetto (Cynara scolymus L) varieties were studied in medium saline soils of Bukhara region under conditions of moderately saline soils of Uzbekistan. The following adaptation features were identified: The beginning of the flowering phase and the duration of flowering (2-5 days) of artichoke varieties do not differ significantly from each other. The opening of flowers continued from 600 to 2000 hours during the day, the maximum opening was at 800-1100 hours, when the air temperature was +29+35C and the relative air humidity was 50-55%.
Substantiation of Rational Parameters of Rock Salt Extraction in High-Altitude Conditions Using Environmentally Friendly Combined Geotechnologies
Authors: Kaldybayev Nurlanbek , Teshebayeva Zulumkan , Akkulov Abdijapar , Abdulazizov Tilebaldy , Bektashov Baktyyar
Published: June 2024

The article is devoted to solving the problem of choosing and justifying rational parameters of rock salt extraction in high-altitude conditions. The Chon-Alai rock salt deposit, located at an altitude of 3,200 meters from sea level, was considered as an object of research. The deposit is characterized by complex mining and geological conditions, and its physico-mechanical properties are suitable for obtaining fodder and edible salt. According to the results of the research, the optimal parameters of the dissolution of rock salt were determined. Taking into account the geological and mining conditions of the deposit, resource-saving and environmentally safe methods of integrated phased development of the deposit have been developed. It is recommended to extract salt at the initial stage by evaporation of brine from natural springs that carry salt from the depth of the deposit; at the second stage by the quarry method and at the third stage by underground dissolution using drilling wells. The first and last of them are characterized by minimal environmental consequences for the environment. The results obtained contribute to the enrichment of world experience in the development of high-altitude mineral deposits with environmentally friendly combined geotechnological methods consistent with the principles of sustainable development.
Technology cultivating of Amaranth at different rates of organic fertilizers in the conditions of the Southern Aral Sea region
Authors: Sultanova Zulfiya , Mambetova Nasiba , Utambetov Duysenbay , Toderich Kristina , Sultanova Hurliman
Published: June 2024

In conditions of low water, it is necessary to provide the population with food and livestock with valuable feed on a stable basis. It is reported about the results of growing two varieties of amaranth: green leaved and red-leaved, using different rates of mineral and organic fertilizers in the conditions of a sharply continental climate on degraded lands with low nutrient supply. During field experiments, the height of plants at different growth stages, changes in leaf area, and the accumulation of dry matter were determined. The research results showed that with increasing rates of mineral and organic fertilizers, the leaf area of green-leaved amaranth increases from 332.9 in the control to 1046.2 per plant when N80P60K40 is applied, the yield increased by 0.3 to 0.66 dt/ha. The application of organic fertilizers increased the productivity of amaranth by 0.71-1.1 t/ha and 0.55-1.0 t/ha, respectively.
Incorporation of barley and corn flour as a functional ingredients in bakery products: Review
Authors: Rifky Mohamed , Dissanayake Kasun , Maksumova Dilrabo , Shosalimova Shahzoda , Shokirov Asliddin , Jesfar Mohamed , Zokirov Kurbonalijon , Samadiy Murodjon
Published: June 2024

The study examines the manufacturing process of flour based bakery products using sprouted barley and maize flour as the functional components. The food sector has seen an increase in the exploration of alternative grains due to the increased focus on health-conscious consumption and sustainability. Barley and corn, two grains of antiquity renowned for their abundant nutritious content, are progressively acknowledged for their capacity to augment the nutritional worth and taste of baked foods. The germination process of barley and maize, focusing on the biochemical alterations that take place during this stage. After germination, the grains are ground into flour, taking into account the size of the particles and the ratios of mixing to enhance the texture and flavor of the end products. The influence of processing characteristics, such as temperature, duration, and moisture content, on the quality of the product and its ability to remain stable on the shelf. It provides valuable information on the technological advancements and potential for innovation in creating healthier and more sustainable baked goods. This research highlights the potential of ancient grains as suitable alternatives in the pursuit of nutritious and tasty food options that meet changing consumer preferences and dietary requirements.
Beyond Milk and Nurture: Breastfeeding’s Powerful Impact on Breast Cancer
Authors: Mustafa Muhammad , Sarfraz Sadaf , Saleem Gullelalah , Khan Touqeer Ahmad , Shahid Damiya , Taj Saba , Amir Noor
Published: June 2024

Breast cancer (BC) stands as a global concern, given its high incidence and impact on women’s mortality. This complex disease has roots in various risk factors, some modifiable and others not. Understanding and identifying these factors can be instrumental in both preventing BC and improving survival rates. Remarkably, women’s reproductive behaviors have emerged as critical determinants of BC susceptibility. Numerous studies have shed light on how aspects including age of menarche, first pregnancy and menopause along with number of pregnancies, hormone replacement therapies, can influence one’s risk of developing BC. Furthermore, the act of breastfeeding and its duration have shown an inverse relationship with BC risk. This review delves into the biological and molecular mechanisms associated with breastfeeding that contribute to BC protection. It highlights the role of endocrine processes triggered by suckling stimulation, the gradual onset of lactational amenorrhea, delayed
weaning, reduced lifetime menstrual cycles, chromosomal repair mechanisms, and immunological events throughout the lactation cycle. These insights provide a potential explanation for the protective effects conferred by breastfeeding against breast carcinomas.
Risk of Lymphoma and Leukemia in Thyroid Cancer Patients: A
Retrospective Cohort Study in Germany
Authors: Krieg Andreas , Krieg Sarah , Al Natour Omar M.S. , Brünjes Stephanie , Schott Matthias , Kostev Karel
Published: June 2024

Thyroid cancer is the ninth most common cancer worldwide. While differentiated
thyroid cancer (DTC) has a high survival rate, concerns arise regarding optimal
treatment strategies and potential long-term risks, including second primary
malignancies (SPMs), associated with therapies such as radioiodine (RAI). The
aim of the present study was to investigate the association between thyroid
cancer and the incidence of subsequent lymphoma and leukemia in Germany. This
retrospective cohort study used the IQVIA TM Disease Analyzer database and
included adults with a first documented diagnosis of thyroid cancer between
January 2005 and December 2021 as well as propensity score matched individuals
without thyroid cancer in 1284 general practices. Univariate Cox regression
models were performed to examine the association between thyroid cancer and the
incidence of subsequent lymphoma and leukemia. A total of 4232 thyroid cancer
patients (mean age: 54.2 years; 73.6% female) and 21 160 controls (mean age:
54.2 years; 72.6% female) were available for analyses. Thyroid cancer was
significantly associated with a higher lymphoma incidence (HR: 3.35, 95% CI:
2.04–5.52), especially in men (HR: 5.37) and those aged 61–70 years. Leukemia
incidence was not significantly associated with thyroid cancer (HR: 1.79, 95%
CI: 0.91–3.53), although associations were notable in younger age groups.
Thyroid cancer is positively associated with a risk of subsequent lymphoma,
highlighting the need for vigilant surveillance and tailored treatment
strategies. While the association with leukemia is less pronounced, close
surveillance remains critical, especially in younger patients.
Neonatal Cardiac Rhabdomyoma: A Single-Center
Experience
Authors: Kaya Başak , Akduman Hasan , Dilli Dilek , Sayıcı İlker Ufuk , Kunt Seda , Doğangönül Merve , Şahin Gürses , Aksoy Ömer Nuri , Uçan Berna , Zenciroğlu Ayşegül
Published: June 2024

Aim Cardiac rhabdomyoma, known as the most common benign cardiac tumor in
childhood, is strongly associated with tuberous sclerosis complex. This study
aims to present our single-center experience regarding clinical observations,
diagnostic approaches, and treatment modalities for cardiac rhabdomyoma
identified during the neonatal period.

Patients and Methods In this clinical observational study, we
retrospectively assessed the outcomes of 12 newborn patients diagnosed with
cardiac rhabdomyoma who were followed up in our neonatal intensive care unit
over the past 12 years.

Results The mean gestational age of the patients was 38.2±1.6 weeks, with
an average birth weight of 3193±314 grams. The mean postnatal age at initial
diagnosis was 12.42±15.75 days. Tuberous sclerosis complex was clinically
identified in 50% of cases (six patients). Seven infants received everolimus
treatment, while three infants underwent clinical monitoring without specific
interventions. A significant reduction in cardiac mass size was observed in all
surviving patients, leading to their subsequent discharge from the hospital.

Conclusion Cardiac rhabdomyomas often undergo spontaneous regression in
early childhood. However, in cases with obstructive lesions or arrhythmias, they
may present life-threatening consequences. Timely diagnosis, appropriate
clinical management, and monitoring are crucial in optimizing outcomes for
neonates with cardiac rhabdomyoma.
Mechanical Evaluation of Bone–Patellar Tendon–Bone Graft Fixation to the Tibia in ACL Reconstruction: Bone Plug Tensioning and Fixation System versus Interference Screw
Authors: Iuchi Ryo , Shino Konsei , Mae Tatsuo , Yamakawa Satoshi , Nakata Ken
Published: June 2024

This study aimed to evaluate the mechanical properties of bone plug fixation to the tibia with a novel device, the Bone plug Tensioning and Fixation (BTF) system.

Forty bone–tendon–bone grafts consisting of the whole patella–patellar tendon–tibial bone plug of 10-mm width and tibiae from the porcine were prepared. After creating a 10-mm tibial tunnel, the tibial bone plug was fixed to the tibia with the BTF system or the interference screw (IFS) to prepare a test specimen of the patella–patellar tendon–tibial bone plug fixed to the tibia. For the graft tension controllability study, a predetermined initial tension of 9.8 or 19.6 N was applied and maintained for 5 minutes. Then the bone plug was fixed to the tibia with the BTF system or IFS in 10 specimens, monitoring the residual tension for an additional 5 minutes. Then, a cyclic loading test and a tension-to-failure test were performed.

The mean difference between the residual tension and the predetermined tension was significantly smaller in BTF fixation (9.8 N → 10.6 ± 2.2 N; 19.6 N → 18.9 ± 2.1 N) than in IFS fixation (9.8 N → 23.4 ± 7.4 N; 19.6 N → 28.9 ± 11.5 N). The mean displacement of the bone plug after cyclic loading was significantly less in the BTF group (1.2 ± 0.6 mm) than in the IFS group (2.2 ± 1.0 mm; p < 0.01). Stiffness was significantly greater in the BTF group (504.6 ± 148.8 N/mm) than in the IFS group (294.7 ± 96.7 N/mm; p < 0.01), whereas the maximum failure loads in the two groups did not differ significantly (724.2 ± 180.3 N in the BTF and 634.8 ± 159.4 N in the IFS groups).

BTF system better performed in graft tension controllability than IFS did. BTF fixation was superior to IFS fixation in the displacement of the bone plug during the cyclic loading test and in stiffness in the tension-to-failure test.
Rapid and Mild Nucleophilic Substitution of a Highly Active (Indol-2-yl)methyl Electrophile in a Microflow Reactor
Authors: Fuse Shinichiro , Matsuura Yuma , Yamasaki Naoto
Published: June 2024

Indoles are common motifs in functional agricultural and pharmaceutical molecules. Heteroatom alkylation is the most frequently used chemical reaction in the pharmaceutical field. Developing protocols for the nucleophilic substitution of (indol-2-yl)methyl electrophiles is important for functionalizing indoles. There are few studies on the nucleophilic substitution at the 2′-position of the electrophiles without an electron-withdrawing group at the 1-position or substituents at the 2′- and 3-positions, where the existing approaches require high temperatures and long reaction times. In this study, we demonstrated rapid (7–12 s) and mild (25 °C) microflow nucleophilic substitution at the 2′-position of indole derivatives without an electron-withdrawing group at the 1-position and substituents at the 2′- or 3-positions. Comparable batch conditions resulted in a lower yield.
Comparing Genomic Profiles of ALK Fusion-Positive and ALK Fusion-Negative Nonsmall Cell Lung Cancer Patients
Authors: Xia Wenchao , Yang Jing , Li Hongbin , Li Ling , Liu Jinfeng
Published: June 2024

Background Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) fusion events account for 3 to 7% of genetic alterations in patients with nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC). This study aimed to explore the landscape of ALK fusion-positive and ALK fusion-negative in a large cohort of NSCLC patients.

Methods The formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded specimens of NSCLC patients who underwent next-generation sequencing from 2020 to 2023 in Yinfeng Gene Technology Co., Ltd. Clinical laboratory were included in this study.

Results In the current study, a total of 180 (3.20%) patients tested positive for ALK fusions in 5,622 NSCLC samples. Within the ALK-positive cohort, a total of 228 ALK fusions were identified. Furthermore, five novel ALK fusion partners, including DAB1-ALK, KCMF1-ALK, KIF13A-ALK, LOC643770-ALK, and XDH-ALK were identified. In cases with ALK fusion-positive, TP53 alterations were the most prevalent (26.3%), followed by CDKN2A (8.4%), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR, 5.6%), and ALK (5.6%). By contrast, EGFR alterations were most prevalent (51%) in patients with ALK fusion-negative NSCLC, followed by TP53 (42.7%), KRAS (11.6%), and CDKN2A (11.3%). A total of 10 cases where ALK fusion co-occurred with EGFR mutations were also identified. Notably, the ALK fusion positivity rate was higher in younger patients (p < 0.0001) and in female patients (p = 0.0429). Additionally, positive ALK test results were more prevalent in patients with high programmed death-ligand 1 expression, especially when applying a 50% cutoff.

Conclusions Collectively, these findings offer valuable genomic insights that could inform the personalized clinical care of patients with NSCLC harboring ALK fusions within the context of precision medicine.
Sleep Quality and Its Predictors in Brazilian Marines
Authors: Portugal Guillermo Brito , Ferreira Fabrícia Geralda , Costa Carlos Magno Amaral , Damasceno Vinicius de Oliveira , Doimo Leonice Aparecida
Published: June 2024

Objectives The objective of this study was to evaluate the quality of sleep and its associated factors in marines (Fuzileiros Navais - FN) of the Brazilian Navy.

Material and Methods The participants included 1,248 military personnel who responded remotely to the following instruments: anamnesis, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, Epworth Sleepiness Scale, International Physical Activity Questionnaire, Eating Habits Scale, and the K10 Questionnaire. Anthropometric information was obtained from a database. Subgroup analysis (good x poor sleep) and regression analysis were performed to verify the factors associated with poor sleep quality.

Results A total of 74.12% of the military were characterized by poor sleep quality. There were differences between sleep quality and sociodemographic, behavioral, and professional factors. Age, being an Officer, and physical activity were protective factors, while living with young children, having more energy in the evening, daytime sleepiness, having problems at work, distress, and regular eating habits were predisposing to poor sleep.

Discussion Marines of the Brazilian Navy have a high prevalence of poor sleep quality associated with personal, family, and occupational factors as contributors to the problem, indicating the need to develop health actions that favor good sleep hygiene in these professionals.
Revival of the bhadra man in Rituparno Ghosh’s Unishe April and Dahan
Authors: Ganguly Debapriya , Singh Rajni
Published: June 2024

Rituparno Ghosh’s cinematization of Unishe April (1994) and Dahan (1997) is a systemic triad interrogative feminist narrative of a case of sexual and non-sexual violence, the gendered spatial politics of Calcutta and the performativity of Bengali masculinity. The present study delves into the nuanced portrayal of the bhadralok masculinities in the cinematic texts of Rituparno Ghosh’s Unishe April (1994) and Dahan (1997). This research paper aims to articulate the relationship of Bengali bhadralok masculinity and the scattered hegemonies of socio-cultural structures of domination and patriarchal systems operating on multiple levels in the Bengali context. The bhadralok politics of the yesteryears was built on a collusion with the colonial system and espoused a broad spectrum of ideologies, including nationalism, liberalism, and humanism. Scholarly writings on Rituparno Ghosh have documented gender politics with an implicit focus on the feminine and queer subjectivity. The arguments of the present paper depart from the idea that masculinity is a genderless and a reified construct. Through a specific focus on masculinity and the masculine ideology’s nexus with gender social structuring, the present paper questions the invisibilization of masculine power, privilege, and performance. The bhadralok masculinity, though seemingly progressive and egalitarian, the embodiment preserves the patriarchal status quo of unequal gender relationships. Through an interrogation of the intersections of the changing bhadralok masculinities and its complex nexus with the changing social and cultural institutions across time and space, the study asserts that the cultured and sophisticated bhadralok gendered order is a failed political reconfiguration of masculinity.
Dissecting TGF-β-induced glioblastoma invasion with engineered hyaluronic acid hydrogels
Authors: Amofa Kwasi Yeboa , Patterson Katherine Michelle , Ortiz Jessica , Kumar Sanjay
Published: June 2024

Glioma stem cells (GSCs) contribute to rapid cellular invasion in glioblastoma (GBM). Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) has been strongly implicated in supporting key GSC functions, including stemness, immunosuppression, and resistance. Although TGF-β is well-known as a driver of cancer invasion, how TGF-β supports the invasion of GSCs is not well understood. Progress in understanding mechanisms of TGF-β-driven invasion in GSC-derived tumors has been limited by an absence of three-dimensional (3D) culture systems that support TGF-β-stimulated invasion. Here, we show that 3D hyaluronic acid (HA) matrices can address this need. We perform bioinformatic analysis of human glioma datasets, which reveals progressive enrichment of TGF-β-related gene expression with increasingly aggressive glioma grade and GBM subtype. We then experimentally screen the invasion of a panel of human GSC spheroids through a set of 3D matrix systems, including collagen I, Matrigel, and HA, and find that only HA recapitulates TGF-β-induced invasion. We then show that GSCs differ in their ability to invade HA in a way that can be predicted from TGF-β receptor 2 expression and SMAD2 phosphorylation. GSC spheroid invasion depends strongly on the presence of RGD peptides on the HA backbone but is surprisingly independent of matrix metalloprotease degradability. Finally, we demonstrate that TGF-β stimulates invasion through SMAD-dependent signaling, consistent with recent observations that TGF-β/SMAD signals drive tumor microtube formation and invasion. Our work supports further development of HA as a matrix platform for dissecting contributions of TGF-β and other cytokines to GBM invasion and screening of cytokine-dependent invasion in human tumors.
Experimental demonstration of an electroacoustic transistor
Authors: Kuchibhatla Sai Aditya Raman , Leamy Michael J.
Published: June 2024

We experimentally demonstrate a topologically protected electroacoustic transistor. We construct a reconfigurable phononic analog of the quantum valley-Hall insulator composed of electrically shunted piezoelectric disks bonded to a patterned plate forming a monolithic structure. The device can be dynamically reconfigured to host one or more topological interface states via breaking inversion symmetry through selective powering of shunt circuits. Above a threshold, the amplitude of wave energy at a chosen location in one topological interface creates a second interface by dynamically switching power between two groups of shunts using relays. This enables the flow of wave energy between two locations in the reconfigured interface analogous to the voltage-controlled electron flow in a field effect transistor. The amplitude of wave energy in the second interface is used for bit abstraction to implement acoustic logic. We illustrate the various states of the transistor and experimentally demonstrate wave-based switching. The proposed electroacoustic transistor is envisioned to find applications in wave-based devices and edge computing in extreme environments and inspire novel technologies leveraging acoustic logic.
Strain tunable high absorptivity and carrier mobility in two-dimensional multiferroic Cr2SOCl2 monolayer
Authors: Li Xiaolei , Li Xinyang , Zhang Hongmei , Dong Zhengchao , Wu Xiaoshan , Zhong Chonggui , Fu Huailiang
Published: June 2024

Based on first-principles calculations, this paper presents a study on the stability, electronic structure, ferromagnetic, ferroelectric, and optical properties of Cr2SOCl2 monolayer. The calculations reveal that the Cr2SOCl2 monolayer is a typical magnetoelectric and bipolar magnetic semiconductor with a direct bandgap of 1.25 eV, where the ferromagnetic and ferroelectric ordering can coexist simultaneously below 76 K. The electronegativity difference between S and O atoms leads to a redistribution of charge, which drives the ferroelectric polarization of the Cr2SOCl2 monolayer. The application of uniaxial strain allows for the control of bandgap, light absorption, and carrier mobility in Cr2SOCl2 monolayer. Specifically, when a tensile strain is applied along the y direction, the monolayer undergoes a transition from the bipolar magnetic semiconductor to ferromagnetic half-semiconductor phase. At 12% strain, the absorptivity of Cr2SOCl2 monolayer can reach the maximum (∼8%) within the visible light range; moreover, the mobility of both electrons and holes is large in the x direction, but their difference is small, almost on the same order of magnitude. Based on these findings, we propose that Cr2SOCl2 monolayer under this strain could be a promising ferroelectric photovoltaic material for the absorption layer in solar cells.
Twin deformation of Co nanorod filler during electromigration sliding inside multi-walled carbon nanotubes with the boundary fixed at the inner-diameter step
Authors: Matsuyama Shogo , Kumon Kanato , Kohno Hideo
Published: June 2024

In situ transmission electron microscopy was used to observe the electromigration-driven sliding behavior of twinned face-centered cubic-Co fillers sliding inside multi-walled carbon nanotubes with an inner-diameter step. Each filler contained a twin boundary located at the nanotube inner-diameter step. Under application of an electric current, the twinned Co fillers moved across the steps and changed their diameter, and the position of the twin boundary was maintained at the nanotube inner-diameter step.
Uncovering the three-dimensional structure of upconverting core–shell nanoparticles with multislice electron ptychography
Authors: Ribet Stephanie M. , Varnavides Georgios , Pedroso Cassio C. S. , Cohen Bruce E. , Ercius Peter , Scott Mary C. , Ophus Colin
Published: June 2024

In photon upconverting core–shell nanoparticles, structure strongly dictates performance. Typical imaging in scanning transmission electron microscopy has sufficient resolution to probe the atomic structure of these nanoparticles, but contrast, dose, and projection limitations make conventional methods insufficient for fully characterizing these structures. Phase retrieval techniques provide a promising alternative imaging mode, and, in particular, multislice electron ptychography can recover depth-dependent information. Here, we study beam-sensitive photon upconverting core–shell nanoparticles with a multislice ptychography approach using a low electron dose to avoid damage. Large strain fields arise in these heterostructures due to the mismatch in lattice parameter between the core and the shell. We reconstruct both a nanoparticle that appears defect-free and one that has a large break in the side and map the distribution of strain in 3D by computing distortion fields from high-resolution potential images of each slice. In the defect-free nanoparticle, we observe twisting of the shell, while in the broken nanoparticle, we measure the 3D position of the crack, the core, and dislocations. These results highlight the advantage of multislice electron ptychography to recover 3D information from a single scan, even under strict electron dose requirements from beam-sensitive samples.
Experimental study on evaporation characteristics of methyl oleate droplet across critical pressure and temperature environments
Authors: Xue Shu-Qin , Yin Jing , Norvihoho Leslie K. , Wang Qi-Di , Zhou Zhi-Fu
Published: June 2024

Droplet evaporation plays a crucial role in many engineering situations involving the transport and computation of sprays. It becomes a challenging issue in fluid dynamics if vaporization occurs in high temperature and pressure environments, especially across critical conditions due to the uncertainty of interactions between droplet and ambient gas. In this study, an experimental system capable of recording droplet morphology and temperature in high temperature and pressure conditions was constructed. The evaporation characteristics of methyl oleate droplet with initial diameters between 0.9 and 1.1 mm was investigated at various ambient pressures (atmospheric to 2.0 MPa) and temperatures (573–873 K). The results revealed that the evaporation process of methyl oleate droplet consisted of three stages: the transient heating stage, steady state evaporation stage, and slow evaporation stage. The third stage occurred due to the gradual decomposition of methyl oleate in the later period of evaporation. The lower the ambient temperature, the earlier the third stage appeared. At lower pressure conditions, the evaporation rate and lifetime of the droplet exhibited a relatively gradual variation with temperature. However, at higher pressure conditions, both the evaporation rate and lifetime changed exponentially with temperature. The influence of pressure on the evaporation rate depended greatly on the ambient temperature and the state of the droplet. In general, droplet across the critical pressure experienced a significant reduction in the evaporation rate. However, this reduction disappears once the ambient temperature is far beyond the critical temperature.
Design of extreme ultraviolet wire grid polarizers by vacuum guiding
Authors: Chen Jian , Jiang Li , Wang Zhanshan
Published: June 2024

Extreme ultraviolet polarizers are crucial for in-depth investigations of light–matter interaction and cutting-edge applications in modern optics. Here, we propose a strategy for extreme ultraviolet wire grid polarizers with superior performance based on vacuum guiding. Owing to the suitable material absorption and vacuum guiding effect, the designed polarizers exhibit an inverse polarization effect and achieve polarization extinction ratios exceeding 100 at various extreme ultraviolet bright lines. Furthermore, the optimized a-silicon-based and molybdenum-based wire grid polarizers achieve the average transmissivity of the target polarization over 30% and 40% at 90–110 and 50–65 nm, respectively, while maintaining a polarization extinction ratio greater than 100. Comparisons with conventional devices further validate the exceptional performance of our device.
Research on the drainage mechanism of a novel gun barrel and the characteristics of gas–liquid mutual interference
Authors: Zhang Xuan , Yu Yong-gang , Zhang Xue-min , Zhang Xin-wei
Published: June 2024

An underwater shooting method with a novel barrel structure featuring spiral grooves is designed by opening multiple spiral grooves on the gun barrel's tail inner wall, and the combustion-gas flows are guided to create multiple gas jets that are sprayed into the barrel to form a gas curtain for water drainage. A three-dimensional unsteady multiphase mathematical model was created, and the correctness of the numerical model established was verified by comparing it with the experimental results of underwater gun gas curtain drainage visualization. On this basis, the influence of different spiral grooves on the evolution process of gas jet and liquid and the drainage effects were simulated. The results indicate that the phase change happens in close proximity to the gas–liquid boundary; nonetheless, the volume percentage of vapor generated by phase change during gas–liquid interaction is less than 1%. The more grooves there are, the greater the maximum pressure at each moment inside the fully filled circular tube; the temperature at the front end of the circular tube becomes higher. When the number of grooves is increased from 4 to 6, the drainage completion time is shortened by 29.7%, the amount of gas in the circular barrel increased by 5.2%, and the drainage rate is significantly increased. However, as the amount of grooves increased from 6 to 8, the gas volume fraction and drainage rate in the tube only increased slightly. On the contrary, it takes a little more time to complete the drainage.
Stability of secondary vortex evolution in wake of oscillating foils
Authors: Verma Suyash , Khalid Muhammad Saif Ullah , Hemmati Arman
Published: June 2024

The evolution of the secondary vortex arrangement around a foil, performing heaving and pitching motion, is numerically examined for a range of phase offsets (90 °≤ϕ≤ 270°) and reduced frequency (0.32 ≤Stc≤ 0.56), at a Reynolds number of 8000. The wake is dominated by two distinct systems of secondary hairpin-like structures. The first vortex system is associated with an elliptic instability, prompted by the paired primary and secondary leading edge vortices (LEV), which remains persistent within the entire range of Stc. However, the growth of the second system is more closely associated with undulations of the primary LEV at Stc≥ 0.40, which amplifies as it sheds downstream of the trailing edge. The characteristic presence of the first system is directly linked to the growth of the secondary LEV, formed due to the large-scale interactions under localized adverse pressure gradients. These features promote a streamwise flow compression in neighboring regions of the primary LEV. Subsequently, the stability of these wake arrangements is evaluated using dynamic mode decomposition technique, which identifies a neutrally stable state at the fundamental forcing frequency and its harmonics. However, an increase in the modulus of the first three modes, as Stc increases, coincides with stronger three-dimensionality in the wake. The fundamental mode characterizes the roller undulations, while subsequent modes reveal that the two systems of secondary hairpin-like structures are closely associated with the harmonics of forcing frequency.
A three-dimensional numerical investigation of vortex induced vibration of a step cylinder
Authors: Zhao Ming , Zhang Qin , Lei Chengwang
Published: June 2024

The vortex-induced vibration of a step cylinder comprising two coaxially arranged cylinders of different diameters with a step between them is simulated numerically. The purpose is to investigate the impact of the interaction between the two cylinders on the vibration and the wake mode of the step cylinder. In this study, the Reynolds number, diameter ratio, and mass ratio are fixed at 150, 0.5, and 2, respectively. Two distinct lock-in regimes are observed, which are named larger cylinder (LC) lock-in regime and smaller cylinder (SC) lock-in regime. In the SC lock-in regime (for reduced velocities between 2.25 and 2.75), the vortex shedding of the SC synchronizes with the vibration, while the vortex shedding of the LC does not. The lift coefficient of the LC has dual frequency components, a lower-frequency and smaller-amplitude component and a higher-frequency and larger-amplitude component associated with vortex shedding and vibration, respectively. In the LC lock-in regime (for reduced velocities between 4 and 7), the vortex shedding of the LC synchronizes with the vibration, while the vortex shedding frequency of the SC increases with increasing reduced velocity, with reduced velocities of 4 and 5 being exceptions, at which the vortex shedding of both the LC and the SC locks in with the vibration frequency. The dual lock-in at reduced velocities of 4 and 5 results in a periodic chainlike wake behind the step where all the vortices from the LC are linked together by N-N loops. At the reduced velocity of 7, a very small difference between the vortex shedding frequency of the SC and twice the vibration frequency causes a low-frequency beating of the lift coefficient. The wake is in the indirect mode with an N-cell in the SC lock-in regime but changes to the direct mode without an N-cell in the LC lock-in regime. It is confirmed that in either of the lock-in regimes, the lock-in cylinder excites the vibration, whereas the non-lock-in cylinder damps the vibration. The damping effect of the non-lock-in cylinder results in a vibration amplitude lower than that in the lock-in regime of a uniform lock-in cylinder.
Transmission spectrum analysis of ceramic-shielded microwave cutoff probes in low-pressure plasmas
Authors: Hwang Do-Yeon , Yeom Hee-Jung , Lee Gawon , Kim Jung-Hyung , Lee Hyo-Chang
Published: June 2024

In this study, the influence of ceramic shield characteristics, including thickness and geometry, on the transmission spectrum and electron density measurements of a ceramic shield cutoff probe (CSC) was investigated to measure high-density or process plasma. Through electromagnetic simulations and circuit modeling, we examined the measurement characteristics of the CSC based on different ceramic shield geometries. When the ceramic shield is sufficiently thin, it does not affect the CSC wave transmission characteristics. However, for a thick ceramic shield, a cutoff frequency shift of up to 3% toward the lower side can occur. This shift is attributed to the electrical properties of the ceramic material, which can function as a parasitic capacitor. In addition, when fabricating a CSC, depending on the shape of the ceramic shield or the method used to couple it with the CSC body, a cutoff frequency shift can occur toward the lower side. The simulation results were validated through experiments, revealing a cutoff frequency shift toward the lower side of up to 18.0% in the simulations and up to 11.6% in the experiments. The findings of this study could assist in high-density or processing plasma measurements using cutoff probes.
Simultaneous measurement of surface velocity and plasma density with interferometric velocimetry
Authors: Brown Nathan P. , Jennings Christopher A. , De La Cruz Christopher , Dolan Daniel H.
Published: June 2024

The apparent velocity measured by an interferometric surface velocimeter is a function of both the surface velocity and the time derivative of the refractive index along the measurement path. We employed this dual sensitivity to simultaneously measure km/s surface velocities and 1018 cm−3 average plasma densities with combined VISAR (velocity interferometer system for any reflector) and PDV (photonic Doppler velocimetry) measurements in experiments performed on the Z Pulsed Power Facility. We detail the governing equations, associated assumptions, and analysis specifics and show that the surface velocity can be extracted without knowledge of the specific plasma density profile.
Heterogeneous reinforcement learning for defending power grids against attacks
Authors: Moradi Mohammadamin , Panahi Shirin , Zhai Zheng-Meng , Weng Yang , Dirkman John , Lai Ying-Cheng
Published: June 2024

Reinforcement learning (RL) has been employed to devise the best course of actions in defending the critical infrastructures, such as power networks against cyberattacks. Nonetheless, even in the case of the smallest power grids, the action space of RL experiences exponential growth, rendering efficient exploration by the RL agent practically unattainable. The current RL algorithms tailored to power grids are generally not suited when the state-action space size becomes large, despite trade-offs. We address the large action-space problem for power grid security by exploiting temporal graph convolutional neural networks (TGCNs) to develop a parallel but heterogeneous RL framework. In particular, we divide the action space into smaller subspaces, each explored by an RL agent. How to efficiently organize the spatiotemporal action sequences then becomes a great challenge. We invoke TGCN to meet this challenge by accurately predicting the performance of each individual RL agent in the event of an attack. The top performing agent is selected, resulting in the optimal sequence of actions. First, we investigate the action-space size comparison for IEEE 5-bus and 14-bus systems. Furthermore, we use IEEE 14-bus and IEEE 118-bus systems coupled with the Grid2Op platform to illustrate the performance and action division influence on training times and grid survival rates using both deep Q-learning and Soft Actor Critic trained agents and Grid2Op default greedy agents. Our TGCN framework provides a computationally reasonable approach for generating the best course of actions to defend cyber physical systems against attacks.
Topological transformations of meridional motion in a three-liquid vortex
Authors: Naumov Igor V. , Tintulova Maria V. , Sharifullin Bulat R. , Shtern Vladimir N.
Published: June 2024

In the course of the search for a flow pattern optimal for culture growth in vortex bioreactors, our experiments discovered striking flow patterns that existing theoretical models cannot explain. Three immiscible liquids fill a vertical open cylindrical container whose sidewall is still, while the bottom disk rotates driving a fluid motion. The centrifugal force pushes the lower liquid (L, aqueous glycerol) from the axis to the periphery near the bottom, creating its toroid circulation that in turn drives middle liquid (M, sunflower oil) and upper liquid (U, alcoholic glycerin) circulations. With increasing rotation, counterflows develop near both interfaces LM and MU in upper fluids: the liquids move toward (away from) the axis below (above) the interface that seems paradoxical. Then, unusual topological transformations occur again in the middle liquid flow caused by competition between effects of radial friction and centrifugal forces. Near cylinder boundary at interface MU, new reverse circulation zone developed where the radial velocity became zero and then change sign. These counterintuitive results wait for their theoretical explanation and formulation of new contact conditions at the LM and MU interfaces.
SIRT7 promotes lung cancer progression by destabilizing the tumor suppressor ARF
Authors: Kumari Poonam , Tarighi Shahriar , Fuchshuber Eva , Li Luhan , Fernández-Duran Irene , Wang Meilin , Ayoson Joshua , Castelló-García Jose Manuel , Gámez-García Andrés , Espinosa-Alcantud Maria , Sreenivasan Krishnamoorthy , Guenther Stefan , Olivella Mireia , Savai Rajkumar , Yue Shijing , Vaquero Alejandro , Braun Thomas , Ianni Alessandro
Published: June 2024

Sirtuin 7 (SIRT7) is a member of the mammalian family of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD
+
)-dependent histone/protein deacetylases, known as sirtuins. It acts as a potent oncogene in numerous malignancies, but the molecular mechanisms employed by SIRT7 to sustain lung cancer progression remain largely uncharacterized. We demonstrate that SIRT7 exerts oncogenic functions in lung cancer cells by destabilizing the tumor suppressor alternative reading frame (ARF). SIRT7 directly interacts with ARF and prevents binding of ARF to nucleophosmin, thereby promoting proteasomal-dependent degradation of ARF. We show that SIRT7-mediated degradation of ARF increases expression of protumorigenic genes and stimulates proliferation of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells both in vitro and in vivo in a mouse xenograft model. Bioinformatics analysis of transcriptome data from human lung adenocarcinomas revealed a correlation between
SIRT7
expression and increased activity of genes normally repressed by ARF. We propose that disruption of SIRT7–ARF signaling stabilizes ARF and thus attenuates cancer cell proliferation, offering a strategy to mitigate NSCLC progression.
Scaling Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance Nationally: The Case of the Fleming Fund in Kenya
Authors: Kasudi Mitchelle R. , Muloi Dishon M. , Maurice Murungi K. , Azegele Allan , Ndanyi Romona , Gunturu Revathi , Ombajo Loice , Tanui Emmanuel , Onsare Robert S. , Omuse Geoffrey , Kariuki Samuel , Fèvre Eric M.
Published: June 2024

Rising levels of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in both humans and animals have reached alarming levels and are being recognized as a serious incremental threat to global food security, animal health and public health. The One Health approach recognizes the interconnectedness of human, animal and environmental health, and that AMR can be spread between different species and environments. The Fleming Fund, a UK Overseas Development Aid program managed by the UK’s Department of Health and Social Care, aims to improve AMR and antimicrobial use (AMU) surveillance data in Africa and Asia by generating, sharing, and using data to improve antimicrobial use and encourage investment in AMR research and development. The Fund awarded grants to several countries, including Kenya, to support national efforts in strengthening their capacity to collect, manage and use data on antimicrobial use and resistance. Six institutions, including the International Livestock Research Institute, University of Nairobi, the Aga Khan University, the Kenya Medical Research Institute, PATH and Washington State University, formed the Fleming Fund consortium in Kenya. Across animal and human health sectors, this consortium supported activities that address the gaps in the surveillance of AMR and its causes including antimicrobial stewardship training, development and dissemination of standard operating procedures for both active and passive AMR surveillance, capacity building of field and laboratory personnel and infrastructure work among other activities. The wide range of data acquired through this program will impact evidence-based policies and programs, enabling consumers and stakeholders to make informed decisions that preserve the effectiveness of antibiotics.

Information

© The Authors 2024