bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hematology Pharmacology
Authors: James Stacy H.
Published: January 2016

Alterations in hemostasis and coagulation are common problems during critical illness. For that reason, it is essential that advanced practice and critical care nurses have an understanding of the medications used to treat these potentially deadly disorders. The antithrombotic drugs, including anticoagulants, antiplatelet agents, and fibrinolytics, are among the most frequently used drug therapies in the United States. These agents prevent and treat the thrombotic diseases, a leading cause of morbidity and mortality. Anticoagulants, the indirect and direct thrombin inhibitors as well as the vitamin K antagonists, are critical in treating venous thrombosis and preventing serious thrombotic complications with atrial fibrillation. The antiplatelet drugs work to decrease platelet aggregation and are especially effective in preventing and managing arterial thrombus. On the other end of the spectrum, the procoagulants are used to help prevent and control blood loss. These agents include human blood stimulators, human factor concentrates, including recombinant activated factor VIIa, and desmopressin.
Simulation Evaluation of an Enhanced Bedside Monitor Display for Patients With Sepsis
Authors: Giuliano Karen K. , Johannessen Ann , Hernandez Cheri
Published: January 2016

Background

Most standard bedside monitors in critical care settings display multiple clinical parameters and do not provide directional signaling to alert clinicians to relevant changes in physiologic parameters. The complexity of information may delay identification of clinical changes and initiation of interventions. Clinical decision support system (CDSS) tools can present information at appropriate intervals in formats that may enhance clinical decision making.

Objective

A 2-group, quasi-experimental design compared the effects of 2 different monitor displays on time required for nurses to recognize and initiate treatment of sepsis in response to a computer simulation.

Methods

A convenience sample of 75 critical care nurses was randomly assigned to a standard or an enhanced bedside monitor (EBM) display during a computer-simulated sepsis scenario. Time to recognize symptoms and initiate treatment of sepsis was analyzed between the 2 displays.

Results

Time to recognize symptoms and initiate sepsis treatment was significantly shorter for nurses exposed to the enhanced bedside monitor.

Conclusions

CDSS tools such as EBM may improve nurses’ time to recognize and initiate treatment of sepsis.
Hepatorenal Syndrome
Authors: Fisher Elaine M. , Brown Diane K.
Published: January 2016

Critical care nurses occasionally confront patient conditions that are not common. One such condition is hepatorenal syndrome (HRS). Three primary processes contribute to regional alterations in circulation in the renal and splanchnic beds. These processes include effective hypovolemia from the massive release of vasoactive mediators, thereby underfilling circulation, systemic and splanchnic vasodilation along with renal vasoconstriction, and hyperdynamic circulation. A “second-hit” hypothesis, whereby a triggering event causes intravascular volume depletion, likely initiates the development of HRS. The idea of a second hit focuses the attention of the health care team on surveillance strategies to prevent or limit HRS in patients with advanced cirrhosis and ascites. The treatment goal is to restore systemic and splanchnic vasoconstriction, while promoting renal vasodilation, balance sodium, and achieve euvolemia. The critical care nurse must maintain ongoing education to care for the patient with this complex syndrome in order to prevent complications and death.
Small Bowel Obstruction
Authors: Trevino Colleen
Published: January 2016

Strategies for the management of small bowel obstructions have changed significantly over the years. Nonoperative medical management has become the mainstay of treatment of many small bowel obstructions. However, the key to the management of small bowel obstructions is identifying those patients who need surgical intervention. Identification of those at risk for bowel ischemia and bowel death is an art as much as it is a science. Using the current literature and the past knowledge regarding small bowel obstructions, the clinician must carefully identify the signs and symptoms that suggest the need for operative intervention. Classification of the obstruction, history and physical examination, imaging, response to decompression and resuscitation, and resolution or progression of symptoms are the key factors influencing the management of small bowel obstructions.
Pancreatitis
Authors: Andris Abby
Published: January 2016

Pancreatitis, or inflammation of the pancreas, has a variety of etiologies. Severity of the disease can range from its mildest form, which resolves quickly with few complications, to its most severe form, necrotizing pancreatitis, which is associated with an increased risk for developing multiple system organ failure and mortality. Treatment of pancreatitis aims to eliminate the etiologic factors for the disease while managing its complications and preventing further disease progression. Patients with mild forms of pancreatitis may improve with symptom management, whereas those with more severe disease will need significant supportive interventions. Most patients are managed medically. Surgery may be indicated for severe pancreatitis. It is important to understand the disease process and its impact on other organ systems when caring for these patients. Accurate assessment of changes in the patient’s condition can lead to interventions that can limit complications and reduce the risk of mortality. This article reviews the pathophysiology of pancreatitis, its diagnosis and treatment, associated complications and their management, and essential nursing assessment and interventions.
Reducing Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infection in the Critical Care Unit
Authors: Gray Mikel
Published: January 2016

Changes in reimbursement policies have focused attention on the use of indwelling catheters in the critical care unit as well as their role in hospital-acquired urinary tract infections. Implementation of an evidence-based prevention program can significantly reduce both the prevalence of indwelling catheterization and the incidence of hospital-acquired catheter-associated urinary tract infection. This article describes the epidemiology and pathophysiology of catheter-associated urinary tract infection, and outlines essential elements of an evidence-based prevention program for the critical care unit.
Measuring Critical Care Air Support Teams’ Performance During Extended Periods of Duty
Authors: Lamb Di
Published: January 2016

The Royal Air Force (RAF) Critical Care Air Support Teams (CCASTs) aeromedically evacuate seriously injured service personnel. Long casualty evacuation chains create logistical constraints that must be considered when aeromedically evacuating patients. One constraint is the length of a CCAST mission and its potential effect on team member performance. Despite no evidence of patient care compromise, the RAF has commissioned a study to investigate whether CCAST mission length influences performance. Describing and understanding the role of a CCAST enabled fatigue to be defined. Factors essential to studying fatigue were then identified that were used to develop a theoretical model for designing a study to measure the effects of fatigue on CCAST performance. Relevant factors include the patient’s clinical condition, team members’ cognition and vigilance levels, and the occupational aviation environment. Further factors influencing overall performance include the duration and complexity of patient interventions, mission length, circadian influences, and fatigue countermeasures.
Bronchoalveolar lavage: perspective from the 11th BAL Conference
Authors: Reynolds H.Y.
Published: January 2016

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Reticulocytes in untreated Obstructive Sleep Apnoea
Authors: Marrone O. , Salvaggio A. , Gioia M. , Bonanno A. , Profita M. , Riccobono L. , Zito A. , Insalaco G. , Bonsignore M.R.
Published: January 2016

Background and Aim. The short, repetitive hypoxaemic episodes observed in obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) may determine small augmentations in mature red blood cells. It is unknown whether they affect reticulocyte release. This study explored whether the number and degree of maturation of circulating reticulocytes may be altered in OSA, possibly through the effect of erythropoietin. Methods. Fifty male adult patients with suspected OSA, normoxic during wakefulness, were studied. After nocturnal polysomnography, a blood sample was withdrawn for blood cells count, erythropoietin, iron and transferrin determination. Reticulocyte concentration and degree of immaturity [high (H), medium (M), or low (L)] were also determined. Immature reticulocyte fraction (IRF) was calculated as (M+H) percentage of reticulocytes. Results. A wide range of OSA severity was found [apnoea/ hypopnoea index (AHI): 44.3±30.4, range 0.3-105; sleep time spent at oxyhaemoglobin saturation 2% had higher EPO levels (p<0.05), but not worse nocturnal desaturations, than those with values <2%. By contrast, subjects with IRF <15% showed worse desaturations (p<0.05), but similar EPO concentrations, when compared to subjects whose IRF was <10%. At univariate analysis, reticulocyte count correlated to erythropoietin, while IRF to transferrin saturation, BMI and OSA severity. At multiple regression, only lowest nocturnal oxygen saturation remained a significant contributor to IRF (r2 0.223, p<0.05). Conclusions. This data suggests that hypoxaemia due to OSA could influence the release of immature reticulocytes, but this effect is not mediated by erythropoietin.
Clinical utility of diagnostic markers for malignant pleural mesothelioma
Authors: Grigoriu B.D. , Grigoriu C. , Chahine B. , Gey T. , Scherpereel A.
Published: January 2016

Malignant mesothelioma has a very dismal prognosis with very few patients surviving one year after diagnosis. Early multimodal treatment, however, is expected to improve the outcome. Today, there is a strong need to have disease markers which could be used for screening, diagnosing, and/or monitoring tumour response to treatment. Old markers such as hyaluronic acid, various cytokeratin fragments (CYFRA 21.1, TPA) and other cancer antigens (CA 15.3, CA 125 or CA 19.9 or CEA) are not sensitive or specific enough and cannot be used in practice. More recently new molecules, such as soluble mesothelin and osteopontin, have been proposed for diagnostic purposes. Soluble mesothelin has a good specificity but has a suboptimal sensitivity being negative in all sarcomatoid and in up to one half of epithelioid mesothelioma. On the contrary osteopontin has an inadequate specificity. Combining different markers together does not lead to an improvement in diagnostic accuracy. Neither marker can be used for screening purposes, the main limitation being the very low incidence of the disease in the at-risk, asbestos exposed population. Mesothelin is also a promising marker for monitoring response to treatment but published data is still insufficient to make recommendations. There is still a strong need for research is this area both in order to discover new markers as well as to correct the positioning of each existing molecule (alone or in combination) is the evaluation of the patients with a mesothelioma.
INVESTIGATING THE EFFECTS OF LOW IMPACT DEVELOPMENT (LID) ON SURFACE RUNOFF AND TSS IN A CALIBRATED HYDRODYNAMIC MODEL
Authors: Gülbaz Sezar , Kazezyilmaz-Alhan Cevza Melek
Published: January 2016

The land development and increase in urbanization in a watershed affect water quantity and water quality. On one hand, urbanization provokes the adjustment of geomorphic structure of the streams, ultimately raises peak flow rate which causes flood; on the other hand, it diminishes water quality which results in an increase in Total Suspended Solid (TSS). Consequently, sediment accumulation in downstream of urban areas is observed which is not preferred for longer life of dams. In order to overcome the sediment accumulation problem in dams, the amount of TSS in streams and in watersheds should be taken under control. Low Impact Development (LID) is a Best Management Practice (BMP) which may be used for this purpose. It is a land planning and engineering design method which is applied in managing storm water runoff in order to reduce flooding as well as simultaneously improve water quality. LID includes techniques to predict suspended solid loads in surface runoff generated over impervious urban surfaces. In this study, the impact of LID-BMPs on surface runoff and TSS is investigated by employing a calibrated hydrodynamic model for Sazlıdere Watershed which is located in Istanbul, Turkey. For this purpose, a calibrated hydrodynamic model was developed by using Environmental Protection Agency Storm Water Management Model (EPA SWMM). For model calibration and validation, we set up a rain gauge and a flow meter into the field and obtain rainfall and flow rate data. And then, we select several LID types such as retention basins, vegetative swales and permeable pavement and we obtain their influence on peak flow rate and pollutant buildup and washoff for TSS. Consequently, we observe the possible effects of LID on surface runoff and TSS in Sazlıdere Watershed.
ENERGY ANALYSIS OF KARANJA OIL AS A SUPPLEMENTARY FUEL FOR COMPRESSION IGNITION ENGINE
Authors: Das Biplab , Lingfa Pradip
Published: January 2016

The paper highlights the results of an experimental investigation carried out on Karanja oil as a supplementary for diesel fuel in Compression Ignition engine. In the present study, triglycerides of Karanja oil is converted into mono-ester (biodiesel) using based catalyst transesterfication process. Karanja biodiesel is blended with petroleum diesel in the volumetric proportions of 2−10%. Results reveal that the performance characteristics of Karanja biodiesel blends are well comparable with diesel fuel. The emission characteristics such as CO, HC and smoke are found to be lower for Karanja biodiesel blends at all the engine load conditions compared to diesel fuel. Hence, it is concluded that Karanja oil at lower blends can be used in diesel engine without any substantial engine modification.
STATISTICAL APPRAISAL OF FLUORIDE ENRICHMENT IN AREAS OF MALDA AND SOUTH DINAJPUR DISTRICT, WEST BENGAL, INDIA
Authors: Das Kousik , Mondal Naba Kumar , Dey Uttiya , Roy Palas , Pal Kartick C.
Published: January 2016

The present study was conducted in some randomly selected area of Malda and South Dinajpur district of West Bengal to find out the level of fluoride in groundwater and its association with other inorganic constituents through statistical modeling and chemical indices. Results revealed that the considerable variation of different parameters, among them 7.90 % sample showed F- levels beyond the WHO recommended value. Moreover, F- shows positive correlation with Na+ (p< 0.467*) and negative correlation with Ca2+ (p< -0.289) which is again well supported by factor analysis study. From the results of Multiple linear regression model and piper diagram revealed the significant relationship of F- with Na+, alkaline pH and Ca2+ and dominancy of F- due to high Na-HCO3 enrichment respectively. The higher level of F- in groundwater is the consequence of fluoride containing sedimentary rock weathering.
CFD Simulation of the Dispersion of Exhaust Gases in a Traffic Loaded Street of Astana, Kazakhstan
Authors: Akhatova Ardak , Kassymov Assylan , Kazmaganbetova Meruyert , Rojas-Solórzano Luis Ramon
Published: January 2016

The aim of this paper is to consider one of the most traffic-loaded regions of Astana city (Kazakhstan) and to determine the concentration of carbon-monoxide (CO) in the air during the peak hours. CFD analysis based on the SolidWorks-EFD platform was used to simulate the dispersion of contaminants given the estimated emission rates and weather conditions at the crossroad of Bogenbay Batyr and Zhenis Avenues in Astana. Turbulence prediction was based on k-ε model with wall functions. The governing equations were discretized using the finite volume method and a 2nd order spatial scheme. The mesh verification was based on 1% convergence criterion for a 50% of mesh density increment; air pressure near the wall of a selected building was chosen as the parameter to control the convergence. Numerical results are presented for prevailing conditions during all 4 seasons of the year, demonstrating that the highest levels of CO are recorded in summer and reach the values up to 11.2 ppm which are still lower than the maximum level admitted for humans. Nevertheless, obtained results show that Astana is gradually becoming a city that is likely to reach the critical levels of pollutants in the nearest future if control measures are not taken with enough anticipation. As for a future work, it is proposed to perform in-situ validation of specific scenarios to check and support the results obtained with CFD and to develop then specific policies for tackling the problem before it becomes evident.
Gastrointestinal side effects of the radioiodine therapy for the patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma two days after prescription
Authors: Pashnehsaz Mehran , Takavar Abbas , Izadyar Sina , Zakariaee Seyed , Mahmoudi Mahmoud , Paydar Reza , Geramifar Parham
Published: January 2016

Iodine-131 (I-131) therapy is one of the conventional approaches in the treatment of patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC). The radioiodine agents also accumulate in the other organs that cause pain and damage to the patients. Radioiodine therapy is associated with various gastrointestinal (GI) toxicities. In this study, GI side effects of the radioiodine therapy were investigated. GI toxicities of the radioiodine therapy were studied in 137 patients with histologically proven DTC in Jun-Nov 2014. All the patients were treated by radioiodine agents in the research institute of Shariati Hospital, Tehran, Iran. The patients were examined 48 h after prescription (before discharge) and their GI side effects were registered. Correlation of the age, gender, administered dose, administered dose per body weight as the independent factors, and GI side effects were analyzed using the Pearson correlation test with Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20. Regression coefficients and linearity of the variable were investigated by MATLAB software. Line fitting was performed using MATLAB curve-fitting toolbox. From the subjects, 38 patients had GI complaints (30.4%). Significant factors influencing GI side effects were dose per body weight and administered doses. There was no significant correlation between age and gender as the independent parameters and GI complaints. The most prevalent GI side effect was nausea that occurs in 26.4% of the patients. From the results, it could be concluded that the GI side effects could be prevented by administering a safe radioiodine dose value less than 5,550 MBq.
Kikuchi-Fujimoto disease with 18f-fludeoxyglucose uptake in cervical lymph nodes on dual-time-point imaging positron emission tomography/computed tomography mimicking malignant disease
Authors: Aoyama Ken-ichi , Otsuru Mitsunobu , Uchibori Masahiro , Ota Yoshihide
Published: January 2016

Kikuchi-Fujimoto disease (KFD) is a benign but self-limiting disorder. However, KFD is often misdiagnosed as a malignant disease. Although 18F-fludeoxyglucose (FDG) uptake on dual-time-point imaging (DTPI) positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) is useful in distinguishing malignant from benign disease, the latter sometimes mimics malignancy on DTPI PET/CT, resulting in a misdiagnosis. Here, we describe the case of a 30-year-old woman who complained of cervical lymphadenopathy. PET showed increased FDG uptake in multiple lymph nodes, with a maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) of 19.0 in the early phase to 21.8 in the late phase. A biopsy was performed, and pathological examination revealed KFD. KFD with FDG uptake in lymph nodes on DTPI PET/CT is rare and difficult to be distinguished from a malignant disease.
Processo dialógico entre bibliotecários e usuários: reflexão em torno da utilização dos dispositivos de comunicação da web social
Authors: Santos Raquel do Rosário , Gomes Henriette Ferreira , Duarte Emeide Nóbrega
Published: January 2016

http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/1518-2924.2015v21n45p115

A utilização dos dispositivos de comunicação da web social pelas bibliotecas universitárias públicas brasileiras, como um recurso que pode potencializar a mediação da informação por meio da interação entre usuários e bibliotecários é o tema deste trabalho, que teve por objetivo identificar e analisar como as bibliotecas das universidades federais e estaduais têm explorado os recursos de comunicação nos websites para ampliar suas ações voltadas à mediação para o acesso e uso da informação. A técnica da observação direta e intensiva dos websites foi adotada para análise do uso dos dispositivos de comunicação da web social e se o mesmo tem ampliado a mediação realizada pelas bibliotecas centrais e/ou sistemas de bibliotecas das IES Estaduais e IFES para o acesso e uso da informação. Constatou-se neste trabalho que, ainda são poucos os casos de bibliotecas que, além de disponibilizarem conteúdos relevantes para auxiliar os usuários no acesso e uso da informação, bem como conteúdos sobre a biblioteca, também vêm explorando os dispositivos para favorecer a participação ativa dos usuários na troca de informações, debates, comentários e manifestação de sugestões. Assim, concluiu-se que, embora em menor quantidade e ainda necessitando de maior planejamento nas ações, há uma parcela das bibliotecas centrais e/ou sistemas de bibliotecas das IES Estaduais e das IFES analisadas que têm procurado avançar no modo de aproximação e de relacionamento com os usuários, como também vêm apresentando uma nova conduta de comunicação por parte dos bibliotecários que se mostraram mais acolhedores e amigáveis na interlocução com os usuários por meio dos dispositivos de comunicação da web social.
Gamificação em bibliotecas: despertando a motivação nos usuários
Authors: Cativelli Adriana Stefani , Monsani Diego , Juliani Jordan Paulesky
Published: January 2016

http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/1518-2924.2015v21n45p70

Com o objetivo de apresentar novas técnicas para dinamizar os serviços das unidades de informação e estreitar os laços entre bibliotecas e usuários, o trabalho apresenta a gamificação como uma opção para alcançar esse fim. Define a gamificação como a aplicação de mecânicas de jogos em tarefas cotidianas e a partir disso apresenta as mecânicas dos jogos utilizadas no processo de gamificação e os pontos positivos em sua aplicação. Aborda a metodologia de gamificação proposta por Vianna et al. contextualizando cada passo com exemplos de ordem prática que já estão implantados em bibliotecas. Também faz uso da metodologia citada numa atividade cultural de estímulo a leitura de uma biblioteca.
Propensão a empreender: uma investigação quantitativa baseada nas características empreendedoras de alunos do curso de administração
Authors: Ching Hong Yuh , Kitahara José Renato
Published: January 2016

O objetivo principal desta pesquisa é identificar e analisar as características comportamentais empreendedoras nos estudantes de uma IES da região metropolitana de São Paulo. Seus resultados foram comparados com os resultados obtidos em outros estudos correlatos realizados no Brasil. Como referencial teórico, foi utilizado o instrumento desenvolvido por McClelland com 10 características comportamentais. A pesquisa é aplicada quanto sua natureza e com objetivo descritivo. A amostra consiste de um grupo de alunos de um curso de Administração de uma IES da Grande S Paulo. Uma análise quantitativa das respostas foi realizada. Os resultados mostram que as características mais desenvolvidas foram Estabelecimento de Metas e Comprometimento, enquanto as menos desenvolvidas foram Persuasão e Correr Riscos Calculados. As pontuações obtidas na classificação das características comportamentais desse estudo são similares às dos demais estudos correlatos. Uma contribuição diferenciada deste estudo é a proposição de um modelo matemático resultante da variável latente da Análise Fatorial, que representa o grau de disposição em empreender.
A Fragilidade da Atuação dos Conselhos Comunitários na Condução do Plano Diretor de Itaguaí – RJ – Uma Situação de Alerta ao Desenvolvimento Sustentável
Authors: Macedo Lucimar Ferraz de Andrade , Villela Lamounier Erthal , Nascimento Carlos Alberto Sarmento do , Costa Eduardo Gusmão da
Published: January 2016

O objetivo deste artigo é avaliar a atuação dos Conselhos Comunitários no acompanhamento e na participação cidadã deliberativa no Plano Diretor de Desenvolvimento Sustentável do Município de Itaguaí – RJ (PDDSMI) pelas óticas do desenvolvimento territorial, das políticas públicas e da gestão social. O município em questão passa por aceleradas transformações estruturais com a implantação de megaempreendimentos em seu território, fato que vem ocasionando um desordenado crescimento econômico e populacional. Como metodologia foi utilizada a pesquisa exploratória. Os resultados dessa pesquisa forneceram subsídios para o recorte do estudo. As entrevistas foram realizadas com oito presidentes de Conselhos e com 16 coordenadores das Coordenadorias de Desenvolvimento Local e Planejamento dos Conselhos Comunitários. Os resultados indicam que os Conselhos Comunitários não atuam como deveriam na formulação, na execução e no acompanhamento das políticas públicas municipais.
A Sociologia de Michel Maffesoli e a Gestão Social: gerencie-me ou te devoro
Authors: Pacifico Filho Miguel , Cançado Airton Cardoso , Borges Thelma Pontes
Published: January 2016

Este trabalho tem o objetivo de aproximar dois referenciais: de um lado, a sociologia de Maffesoli e sua análise da contemporaneidade por meio da relativização de pressupostos sociológicos e filosóficos acerca da realização plena da humanidade em projetos ancorados em um devir e, de outro, a Gestão Social, que se apresenta como proponente de práticas alternativas ao pensamento administrativo tradicional, centrado na racionalidade utilitária. A partir da metodologia de análise comparativa, demonstram-se proposições-chave na obra de Maffesoli, politeísmo popular e socialidade, relacionando-os com a Gestão Social e suas discussões em torno da dialética negativa, o interesse bem compreendido e a esfera pública.  Concluiu-se que a Gestão Social se propõe a equacionar questões da contemporaneidade apontadas pela sociologia maffesoliana e que esta pode oferecer àquela os elementos para que se posicione como uma gestão para o que é, para o presente, e não somente para o que deve ser, para um futuro distante e impreciso.
Genderverschillen en deviant gedrag
Authors: Thijs Paula , van Dijk Ingrid , Stoof Robin , Notten Natascha
Published: January 2016

Gender differences and deviant behaviour: differences between boys and girls in the influence of individual, family and country characteristics on deviant behaviour In this study, gender differences in adolescent problem behaviour and its possible causes on the individual
and contextual level are analysed. The focus lies on differences between boys and girls in the influence of personality, family and national cultural context characteristics. Insights from different theoretical traditions are combined. We use information on 18,027 adolescents from 24 European
countries from the 2010 EU Kids Online Survey to estimate multivariate multilevel models on important determinants of problem behaviour and their gender specific influence. Consistent with previous research, we find that adolescent boys show more problem behaviour than adolescent girls. Personality
traits, such as self-control, largely explain this gender gap. Low self-control affects girls more strongly than boys. Both adolescent boys and girls in single parent households are more likely to participate in problem behaviour. Boys are more likely to use problem behaviour to cope with
a low socioeconomic parental status than girls. Lastly, we found that the gender gap in problem behaviour differs between countries, and is partly explained by the level of gender inequality in a country. Cultural gender norms hinder problem behaviour among adolescent girls, whereas boys show
more problem behaviour in these countries.
Flexicurity in tijden van crisis in Nederland en Europa: een vergelijkende analyse van sociale modellen
Authors: Muffels Ruud
Published: January 2016

Summary Flexicurity in times of crisis in the Netherlands and Europe: A comparative analysis of social modelsThe purpose of the article is to highlight the consequences of the recent economic crises for the way European welfare states and notably the Dutch
one dealt with the challenge to maintain the balance between flexibility and security goals with regard to the labour market. This will be pursued against the background of the theory of social models in which social models are conceived as ideal-typical configurations of labour market and
social security institutions which reflect different ideas about the functioning of the labour market. We distinguish three models among which the flexicurity model, that is assumed to bridge the two opposite poles of the broad spectrum of social models, i.e. the liberal Anglophone variant
and the Classical welfare state variant. The European Labour Force Survey of 2008 is used to analyse the effects of various labour market institutions on the employment performance of countries and regions before the crisis whereas the European Social Survey is used to research the differential
impact of the crisis along the broad spectrum of European welfare states on the employment insecurity of various groups such as the youngsters, elderly and the low-skilled.
Loonsverlaging of reductie van het personeelsbestand in de economische crisis? Rapportage van Duitse en Nederlandse werknemers
Authors: Tijdens Kea , Klaveren Maarten van , Bispinck Reinhard , Dribbusch Heiner , Öz Fikret
Published: January 2016

Wage or workforce adjustments in the crisis?1How do organisations respond if the crisis affects their business? Do they adjust wages or workforce? Using data from a continuous employee web-survey firm-level responses to the economic crisis in Germany and the Netherlands
are investigated. Workforce adjustments were a continuous strategy. No evidence was found of wage concessions traded-off for job protection. Collective bargaining ensured robust wage-setting rather than employment protection. Basic wage reductions were reported more often for low-educated
and low-wage employees thereby increasing wage inequality. Labour hoarding was reported predominantly by young, male employees with a permanent, full-time contract.
Crisis in de postindustriële stad?
Authors: van der Waal Jeroen
Published: January 2016

Summary Crisis in the Post-Industrial City? Analysing the Impact of Post-Industrialism and Creativity on Unemployment among the Less Educated in Dutch Cities during the Crisis (2008-2012)Former industrial strongholds have to cope with higher
unemployment levels among the less educated than service-oriented urban economies. Two explanations that can account for this firmly-established pattern ‐ the polarisation thesis and the creativity thesis ‐ inspire contrasting hypotheses on how it will develop during the current
crisis. According to the first it is expected to wither, while the second predicts that it will grow in salience. An empirical assessment on unemployment levels among the less educated in Dutch cities during the time-span 2008-2012 yields findings in line with the first expectation. The implications
of the results for post-crisis urban economic developments are discussed.
Zorgidealen in Nederland: verschuivingen tussen 2002 en 2011
Authors: van den Broek Thijs , Dykstra Pearl A. , van der Veen Romke J.
Published: January 2016

Summary Care ideals in the Netherlands: Shifts between 2002 and 2011[1]Our point of departure is that normative care beliefs can inform the current care policy debate. We conduct latent class regression analyses using two waves of Netherlands
Kinship Panel Study data (N=4,163) to distinguish care ideals that capture multiple dimensions of normative care beliefs simultaneously. We also assess how these care ideals have shifted in the early 21st century. We distinguish four care ideals: warm-modern (family
and state jointly responsible for caring, egalitarian gender roles), cold-modern (large state responsibility, restricted family responsibility, egalitarian gender roles), traditional (restricted state responsibility, large family responsibility, moderately traditional gender
roles) and cold-traditional (large state responsibility, restricted family responsibility, traditional gender roles). The probability to adhere to a cold-modern care ideal relative to a warm-modern, traditional or cold-traditional care ideal is higher for men than for women. Between
2002 and 2011 a shift away from warm-modern care ideals and towards cold-modern care ideals has taken place. This is remarkable, because Dutch policy makers have increasingly encouraged family members to take on an active role in caring for dependent relatives.
Normblind gedrag en omgangsongemak
Authors: Kofman Ivar , Nijhof Gerhard
Published: January 2016

Summary Norm blind behaviour of people with a mental disorder and social discomfort in interactions between the befriender and the befriended in a befriending serviceIn recent years, anti-stigma strategies have been developed to diminish prejudiced attitudes
to people with a mental disorder. One of the strategies involves organised social contact. ‘Befriending services’ deliver such connections. We assumed that voluntary befrienders might regularly feel uneasy in these circumstances as the behaviour of people with a mental disorder
can be socially disruptive when they deviate from self-evident social norms. This ‘residual irregularity’ (Scheff) often appears to be the cause of social discomfort for the befriending contacts. Through in-depth interviews with voluntary befrienders, we obtained an understanding
of the irregular behaviour of the befriended individuals and about what causes the befriending contacts to feel uncomfortable as well as the character of their uneasiness. We found six types of this residual deviant behaviour and accompanying types of discomfort.
Dé spijbelaar bestaat niet
Authors: Keppens Gil , Spruyt Bram
Published: January 2016

Summary The typical truant does not exist: An empirical research on different categories of occasional truants in Flanders.1This study provides insight into the conceptual understanding of truant behavior by exploring different types of occasional truants
among 4189 youngsters in secondary education in Flanders (the Dutch-speaking part of Belgium). Occasional truancy can be interpreted as the most accessible form of truant behavior, a category that is often not reflected in published figures of unauthorized absence and differs from problematic
truant behavior. Six key indicators were employed to identify three types of occasional truants: ‘homestayers’, ‘traditional truants’ and ‘condoned social truants’. First, our findings suggest that the three types of truants each shape their truant behavior
in a unique way. Second, specific social characteristics can be related to each type of truant. In the discussion we demonstrate how studying different types of truants can be important for understanding how truant behavior can be identified and prevented.
Application of Cellular Technologies to the Experimental Treatment of Destructive Inflammatory Arthropathies
Authors: Kaulambayeva Marzhan , Fedotovskikh Galina , Nurmukhambetova Anara
Published: January 2016

Introduction. The treatment of destructive inflammatory joint diseases (arthropathies) is one of the issues of current interest in modern medicine. In destructive inflammatory diseases, the regenerative ability of cartilaginous tissue proves to be inadequate for neogenesis of joints. The goal of this study is to determine the efficacy of bone marrow-derived mononuclear cell fraction (MNC) and multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (MMSC) in the treatment of destructive inflammatory joint diseases.Materials and methods. The study subjects consisted of 15 male rabbits weighing 3-4 kg with experimental destructive inflammatory knee joint disease. The test animals were divided into 3 groups: reference group without treatment, first test group – introduction of autologous MNC from rabbit bone marrow into the affected joint, and second test group – introduction of cultured MMSC from rabbit bone marrow into the joint.Results. A morphological examination of the synovial membranes in the reference group on the 40th day of the experiment revealed chronic synovitis with destruction of synoviocytes, thickening and inflammatory infiltration of the underlying connective tissue (subintima). During examination of synovial membranes in the first test group the patches of thickened regenerating inner layer (intima) made up by large proliferating synoviocytes were observed. The layer of loose connective tissue (subintima) contained a large number of small blood vessels and was only slightly infiltrated by inflammatory cells. The morphological examination of synovial membranes in the second test group discovered thickened regenerating intimal layer sitting on hypertrophied subintima with dense vascular network. Elastic collagenous layers of synovial membrane adjoined proliferating elements in cartilage plates.Conclusion. Both autologous MNC fraction and MMSC from bone marrow proved effectiveness in the treatment of destructive inflammatory joint diseases which stimulate neoangiogenesis. At the same time, it must be noted that the introduction of MMSC diminished destructive changes and accelerated proliferative process.
Pre-clinical Evaluation of an Adult Extracoproreal Carbon Dioxide Removal System for Pediatric Application
Authors: Mussin Yerbol , Jeffries Richard , Bulanin Denis , Zhumadilov Zhaksybay , Olzhayev Farkhad , Federspiel William
Published: January 2016

Introduction. Adult extracorporeal carbon dioxide removal (ECCO2R) systems and pediatric ECMO share the common objectives of having a low blood flow rate and low priming volume while safely maintaining sufficient respiratory support. The Hemolung is a highly simplified adult ECCO2R system intended for partial respiratory support in adult patients with acute hypercapnic respiratory failure. The objective of this work was to conduct pre-clinical feasibility studies to determine if a highly efficient, active-mixing, adult ECCO2R system can safely be translated to the pediatric population. Methods. 14 healthy nonsedated juvenile sheep were used for acute (2 animals) and 7-day chronic (12 animals) in-vivo studies to evaluate treatment safety independently of respiratory related injuries. In all evaluations, we hypothesized that gas exchange capabilities of the Hemolung RAS in this model would be equivalent to the adult configuration performance at similar blood flows - minimum CO2 removal of 50 mL/min at a venous partial pressure of CO2 equal to 45 mmHg. Target blood flow rates were set to a minimum of 280 mL/min. Swan Ganz catheters were used under general anesthesia in the two acute subjects to evaluate blood gas status in the pulmonary artery.Results. The Hemolung RAS was found to have adequate gas exchange and pumping capabilities for full respiratory support for subjects weighing 3 – 25 kg. The Hemolung device was estimated to provide a partial respiratory support for subjects weighing 27 – 34 kg. The seven-day studies in juvenile sheep demonstrated that veno-venous extracorporeal support could be provided safely at low flows with no significant adverse reactions related to device operation.Conclusion. The study outcomes suggest the potential use of the Hemolung RAS in a veno-venous pediatric configuration to safely provide respiratory support utilizing a significantly less complex system than traditional pediatric ECMO.
Un balance de la modernización autonómica y las tensiones intergubernamentales
Authors: Abellán López María Ángeles
Published: January 2016

En este artículo se propone una visión panorámica de la modernización de las administraciones autonómicas desde su creación hasta la actualidad, en el marco de las relaciones intergubernamentales, sin ánimo de exhaustividad. Diferenciamos, grosso modo, cuatro ciclos modernizadores: el primero se identifica con la búsqueda de legitimidad y supervivencia de las administraciones autonómicas. El  segundo se inspira en la Nueva Gestión Pública (NGP) y la irrupción de un paradigma postburocrático que posibilita el desarrollo de nuevas metodologías. El tercer ciclo modernizador se caracteriza por la primacía de la e-administración y la calidad de los servicios públicos. Finalmente, el último ciclo plantea tendencias antagónicas, según su ubiquen antes o después del estallido de la actual crisis económica.
The Integrated Life Cycle Assessment and Optimization Approach for Automotive De-manufacturing Systems
Authors: Alsaadi Naif , Franchetti Matthew
Published: January 2016

The Automotive Recycling Industry is addressing one of the biggest problems that the environment can face, the reuse and recycling of End-of-Life Vehicles (ELV). Improper disposal of wastes can create a big problem to the environment. The purpose of this paper is to use the Integrated Life-Cycle Assessment (LCA)  and Optimization Approach for Automotive De-manufacturing Systems with the aim of to finding out the most efficient and effective method that can be used to improve global ELV recycling. The United Nations Environment Program (UNEP) defines life cycle assessment is a tool that is used for systematic evaluation of the environmental aspects of either a product or service system in the entire stages of its lifecycle. In this research, second hand material research would be used to determine the current methods used for the disposal of the ELVs. Moreover, cost metrics will be used to determine the economic value of the network. This research will look into study background, the problem statement, hypothesis of the study, objectives of the study, literature review and methodology to outline possible research criteria to draw conclusion on the research topic. The research will be very resourceful to the scientific community because it will help to find the optimal location for the centralized processing facility that will minimize cost and avoid hazard in the environment. 
An assessment of patients’ knowledge of osteoporosis in Qatar: A pilot study
Authors: Hammoudeh Samer , Abdelrahman Magdi Hassan , Chandra Prem , Hammoudeh Mohammed
Published: January 2016

Osteoporosis is a disease that affects the bones. It leads to increased risk of fractures as a result of decreased bone mineral density. The goal of this study was to assess the general perception of osteoporosis as well as knowledge of lifestyle, risk factors, and preventive measures among patients in Qatar. The study was conducted between September 2013 and September 2014. The study subjects (n = 93) were patients diagnosed with osteoporosis who attended the Outpatient Rheumatology Clinic at Hamad General Hospital in Doha, Qatar. The results showed that those with a university or graduate degree had a significantly higher level of knowledge about osteoporosis (p = 0.009) than those with less education. Among those in our study, knowledge related to osteoporosis was principally obtained through media sources such as television and radio (39%). In conclusion, osteoporosis patients in Qatar need a better understanding of the disease. Identifying thought patterns related to the perception of osteoporosis and treatment might assist in building a foundation for management modalities and effective preventive strategies for the disease in Qatar.
Association of erythrocytes antioxidant enzymes and their cofactors with markers of oxidative stress in patients with sickle cell anemia
Authors: Al-Naama Lamia M. , Hassan Mea'ad K. , Mehdi Jawad K.
Published: January 2016

Background:Sickle cell anemia (SCA) is an inherited blood disease with known complications as a result of certain pathophysiological dysfunctions. It has been suggested that an increase in oxidative stress contributes to the incidence of these changes.Objectives:This study investigated the oxidant/antioxidant status of patients with SCA, and evaluated the effect of SCA on antioxidant enzymes and their cofactors.Methods:The study included 42 patients with SCA (in steady state), and a control group of 50 age-matched individuals without SCA. Serum malondialdehyde (MDA), copper, zinc, ferritin and iron levels, red blood cell (RBC) superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase levels were measured for the SCA and control groups.Results:Significantly lower levels of antioxidant enzymes (RBC SOD and catalase) and higher serum MDA levels (biomarker of oxidative stress) were found in SCA patients compared to the control group (all p < 0.001). Increased levels of serum ferritin, iron and copper and decreased zinc concentrations were also found in the SCA patients compared to the control group (all p < 0.001). In the SCA group, there were significant negative correlations between MDA levels and RBC SOD, RBC catalase, and serum zinc levels (p < 0.01), while a significant positive correlation between MDA with serum copper and iron levels (p < 0.01) was observed.Conclusion:SCA is associated with alterations in markers of oxidative stress including an increased MDA level, decreased antioxidant enzyme levels, and altered levels of enzyme cofactors (zinc, copper, and iron). This suggests that these antioxidant enzymes could be used as effective therapeutic targets for the treatment of this disease and supplementation of patients with substances with antioxidant properties may reduce the complications of this disease.
The Clarification of Depression and Social Support's Contribution to the Prediction of Antiretroviral Medication Adherence and the Rate of CD4 in People with HIV
Authors: Ebrahimzadeh Zeinab , Goodarzi Mohammad Ali , Joulaei Hassan
Published: January 2016

With the development of the antiretroviral therapy, the number of the people with HIV is increasing; therefore, identifying the factors affecting HIV is of great importance. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between the antiretroviral medication adherence and the rate of CD4 with depression and social support in the people with HIV. The research method was a descriptive study kind of correlation. The statistical population included all patients with HIV in Shiraz, of whom, 220 people who had referred to the Behavioral Diseases Consultation Center were selected using the available sampling method. Philips et al.’s Social Support Questionnaire, Beck's Depression Questionnaire II, and ACTG Medication Adherence Questionnaire were used as the research tools. Results were analyzed using the stepwise regression and stepwise hierarchical multiple regression. Regression analysis showed that social support and depression variables could predict totally 47% (P<0.001) of changes of medication adherence variable, and depression could predict only 2% (P<0.01) of rate variance of CD4.