bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Design adaptability as a tool for achieving affordable housing in developing economies
Authors: Anih E K , Sam-Amobi C , Okere C E , Odoh P E , Andy N N , Onubeze I P , Ugwu C C
Published: November 2019

Provision of affordable Housing is a basic human need, and in a developing economy such as Nigeria, the government is continuously seeking innovative means of tackling the challenge of housing deficit. The growing population coupled with the lack of adequate housing has necessitated the need for a strategy by architects and designers to proffer solutions that will complement government housing policies. This study aims to propose adaptable design strategies in the provision of affordable mass housing in a developing economy like Nigeria. To achieve that, the following objectives were pursued: to propose strategies for land-use efficiency, to recommend guidelines for flexibility in design and to incorporate end users’ opinion in the design of mass housing schemes. The study adopted the qualitative research method through the review of existing case studies. Among the recommendations made was proposing guidelines on adaptable design that will aid architects and designers in the design of affordable mass housing schemes.
Combating global warming/climate change via reduction of CO2 emission of buildings
Authors: Basil A M , Sam-Amobi C , Ugwu C C , Odoh P E
Published: November 2019

There’s been a significant increase in Natural disasters in the world today, which is as a result of global warming/climate change. Besides other contributors, buildings are high contributors to this, studies have shown that they are the largest energy consumers and greenhouse gases emitters in both developed and developing countries. This study is aimed at determining the extent to which the CO2 emission of a typical modern building can be reduced so as to help combat global warming/climate change, through reviewing related literature/data gotten from other researchers. Building embodied energy was critically analyzed, and it was observed that it can be more or less depending on the initial embodied energy of the building. The building materials embodied energy, which constitutes the initial indirect embodied energy of the building, can be significantly reduced by the use of environmentally friendly building materials which will in turn reduce the building initial embodied energy and eventually, the building embodied energy. This study tends to recommend that the commonly used ordinary Portland cement with high embodied energy should be totally replaced with fly Ash, as well as the replacement of the hollow concrete block with Autoclave Aerated Concrete (AAC) blocks which is a derivative of Fly-Ash. It also recommends the introduction of green vegetation within and around the building envelop, to help minimize the CO2 emitted by the buildings as much as possible, in the course of running and maintaining them.
Enhancing energy efficiency through passive design: a case study of halls of residence in Covenant University, Ogun State
Authors: Alagbe O A , Caiafas M A , Olayemi B O , Joel O O
Published: November 2019

Nigeria faces several energy challenges and currently does not generate adequate energy to meet the needs of the people. Plans and efforts have been made to generate more energy across the country, it is very important to explore affordable and natural ways to achieve energy efficiency and reduce excessive energy use in buildings. This objective of this paper is to investigate passive design strategies and the impact of passive systems such as natural ventilation and natural lighting to improve energy efficiency. This study also examines the current passive design strategies implemented in the halls of residence in Covenant University halls of residence from the building user’s perspective to identify the comfort levels provided by the passive systems implemented in the building.
Information and communication technology application challenges in the construction industry: A narrative review
Authors: Odubiyi T B , Aigbavboa C O , Thwala W D
Published: November 2019

The measure of construction activity affects the general wellbeing of the construction industry. An improved method of construction delivery reduces the problems encountered in the construction process. Studies posit that the use of Information and communication technologies (ICT) tends to improve construction output. However, there are barriers to ICT applications in the construction industry. To date several, the literature on challenges to ICT has been limited to a specific study area. This study conducted a narrative literature review to identify the challenges to ICT application in the construction industry across Europe, Australia, North-America, Africa, and Asia. The review was conducted using selected relevant academic journals from SCOPUS database. The findings from the review identified that challenges to ICT application are classified into Technology, Process and People related factors. The attitude of staff and Management to ICT, technical barriers and cost related factors are identified as the common factors to the three classified categories of challenges to ICT used in the construction industry. The implication of the findings is to address a platform for better and innovative construction process. It is also important in addressing people, process and technology which are interwoven for construction work.
Benefits and Barriers to the Implementation of Green Building Standards in Universities: What are Students’ Views?
Authors: Oluwunmi A O , Oladayo O P , Role B A , Afolabi T O
Published: November 2019

Embracing the principles of green building in development is crucial in creating a sustainable environment. However, research on its adoption in educational institutions is very low and students’ opinions are not given priority in the few research that are available in Nigeria. This study therefore investigated the perception of built environment students on the need to embrace the principles of green building in Covenant University, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria. 101 questionnaires were administered to students in the Departments of Architecture, Building Technology and Estate Management of the university and a response rate of 94% was achieved. The data collected was analysed using descriptive statistics such as percentage, weighted mean and relative importance index (RII) and the data was presented in tables. The study revealed that 88.42% of the students are aware of the concept of green building. According to the students, the degree of embracing green building standards in Covenant University is very low. Moreover, the benefits the students perceive the university can derive from adopting green building principles are: improved indoor air and water quality, reduction in pollution and environmental degradation, energy efficiency and water conservation. In addition, the students identified the following as the main barriers to green building adoption: ignorance on green building principles and their benefits (RII = 0.91), high cost of green building technology (RII = 0.89), ignorance on professional knowledge and expertise on green building (RII = 0.89), ignorance on green building principles promotion by government (RII = 0.87) and ignorance on importance attached to green building principles by management of universities (RII = 0.87). The study recommended, amongst others, that there should be a forum where university management teams can be enlightened on the gains of embracing green building standards. This study is expected to broaden the knowledge of the Management of Covenant University on the importance of green development which will make the university environment to be conducive for learning, which will in turn aid better students’ academic performance. The study concluded that green building principles are vital to the physical and aesthetic planning of any development as it will reduce the amount of raw materials used in construction.
Users’ perception of the need for universal design accessibility and circulation provisions in selected old people’s home in Lagos state, Nigeria
Authors: Adewale B A , Fasae O A
Published: November 2019

This study investigated the perception of the elderly towards the Universal Design accessibility and circulation provisions in their living environment and how these provisions enhance their livability within the spaces in these homes. This research was carried out in a survey of the elderly residents (n=90) living in three selected old people’s home in Lagos state, Nigeria. The findings suggested that all accessibility and circulation provisions in the living environment of the residents in old people’s home are important. However, some of the accessibility and circulation provisions were perceived to be more important than the others. The findings in this study suggested that all the accessibility and circulation parameters based on universal design should be considered in the design of old people’s home in other to enhance the livability of the elderly in these selected homes.
Users’ perception on accessibility provisions in selected art centres in Lagos State Nigeria
Authors: Izobo-Martins O O , Azoom N
Published: November 2019

This study examines the perception of accessibility provisions in selected art centres in Lagos, Nigeria. The research investigated how architecture influences the people and their development, enabling or hindering them across many facets which influences economic growth. The concept of accessibility significantly affects a society’s interaction with its architecture and infrastructure. With a focus on accessibility, this study investigated the perception of users towards accessibility provisions in selected art centres alongside with how these provisions affect usability of these centres. A quantitative methodology of research was carried out via the distribution of questionnaires to workers and users of three selected art centres in Lagos state, Nigeria. Data collected was analysed using SPSS 21 and interpreted accordingly. The findings suggested that not all necessary access provisions are available and of the available ones, very few were effective. Inadequate accessibility leads to less utilisation of these facilities, which is having a negative effect on the users of the investigated facilities. The study concludes that in order to promote poverty alleviation, and the creation and sale of art, accessibility provisions need to be present and appropriate for all users to access the necessary facilities. It was recommended that, fully functional art centres are attainable by integrating accessibility from the onset of design.
Catalysing a Construction Project Using Novel Software Technology
Authors: Akpabio Usiereobong , Ede Anthony.N. , Ivie Joshua , Oyebisi Solomon
Published: November 2019

A nations’ construction sector is an important sector of its economy. The same goes for the Nigerian Construction sector. Huge volumes of investment and capital expenditure from the central economy go into this sector of the economy in a bid to provide infrastructure for sustainable development. The construction industry is a driver for the economic growth of any nation. However, the Nigerian construction industry has consistently underperformed when compared with its potential for output. In an effort to identify the key causes for this massive underperformance and the Non value adding activities crippling the Nigerian Construction Sector (NCS), a comprehensive research was conducted. This research revealed that communication between stakeholders, ease of collaboration between project professionals on and off site, Inadequate scheduling of tasks as well as task monitoring systems and improper management of physical resources on site amongst other things are the major inhibitors to construction project success. The focus of the research was to develop a software that takes full advantage of a technologically based solutions to address this issue. The research conducted, informed the decision to build a modular web-based application that will be divided into five modules; each module addressing one of the five key issues identified as inhibitors to construction project success. In conclusion, the web application built was applied to the construction of a building within Canaan Land Ota. The results of this application showed improvement in construction efficiency, time savings and budget savings and overall project success with the use of the software.
Mechanical properties of high strength eco-concrete containing crushed waste clay brick aggregates as replacement for sand
Authors: Olofinnade O M , Ogara J I , Oyawoye I T , Ede A N , Ndambuki J M , Oyeyemi K D , Nduka D O
Published: November 2019

Utilization of clay brick wastes for production of high strength eco-concrete enables the combat of raw resources depletion due to excessive mining as well as mitigating environmental pollution caused by demolition of old brick structures in an effort to achieve environmental sustainability in line with the sustainable development goals (SDGs). This study investigates the beneficial usage of crushed clay brick as partial replacement for natural sand in producing high strength eco-friendly concrete. The replacement percentages of the crushed clay brick in respect to sand are 0, 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50% by weight using a mix proportion ratio of 1:1:2 at a constant water-cement ratio of 0.25, aiming at the 28 days compressive strength of about 40 MPa. The chemical characterization of the crushed clay brick and cement was conducted via X-ray fluorescence (XRF). The mechanical properties tests were performed on about 80 specimens using 100 x 100 x 100 mm for cubes, 100 x 100 x 500 mm for beams and 100 x 200 mm diameter for cylinders after 7, 14 and 28 days of curing in water. Results showed that concrete containing crushed clay brick as partial replacement for sand compare favourably well with the control. Consequently, it is suggested that generated clay brick wastes can be crushed and used as replacement for natural sand for the production of eco-friendly high strength concrete.
A Preliminary Study on Chemical and Physical Properties of Coconut Shell Powder as an Enhancer in Building Ceilings for Construction Industry: A Mini Review
Authors: Dirisu J O , Fayomi O S I , Oyedepo S O , Akinlabi E T
Published: November 2019

It is necessary to carry out study on the historical behaviour of coconut shell (CS) on different kind of materials so as to appraise its potential in utilizing industrial waste for building ceiling. A study of the characteristics of coconut shell as an additive on metals and materials as reported in literature will help forecast its performance on service. The trend of waste to wealth, smart manufacturing and eco-friendliness of product have been a focal area of research to proffer an enabling environment and enhanced lifestyle for human. This paper therefore explores the potential of this agro waste, its thermo-mechanical properties, chemical composition and its application to the industry.
Nanocomposite and Its Morphological Characterization -Review
Authors: Afolalu S A , Ongbali S O , Ajayi O O , Ohwofa O , Abioye A A
Published: November 2019

In the wider field of nanotechnology, nanocomposites have attracted a great deal of attention and, due to the enhanced mechanical, electrical and thermal properties of the weld with modulus, strength and dimensional stability of the nanocomposite, they find increased use for various applications in several industries. Metallic and ceramic nanocomposites were used at an earlier stage of development to solve the dangerous issue of optimizing nanomaterial dispersal in matrices. Nanocomposites are currently finding uses in many fields. However, there are also some disadvantages to these characteristics such as optical issues dispersion difficulties, the color black display when different carbon containing nanocomposite are used viscosity increase and sediments. This finding review more about scope of nanocomposite and its morphological structural characterization that make it more suitable in its application.
Nonlinear dynamic behaviour of functionally graded circular plates resting on two-parameters foundation using differential transform method
Authors: Sadiq O M , Sobamowo M G , Salawu S A
Published: November 2019

Study of nonlinear dynamic behaviour of plates resting on two parameters foundation under various environmental conditions has been an area of increasing research interests in industrial and engineering applications. In this work, the dynamic behaviour of functionally graded plates resting on Winkler and Pasternak foundation is investigated. The inherent singularities in the governing equation are analyzed using differential transform method. Good relationship is established when the results of the semi - approximate analytical methods are compared with the already established research based on experimental. To assess the effect of nonlinear Pasternak foundation introduced, the governing differential equation is converted using Galerkin one-parameter approach into Duffing equation. Thereafter, the domain issue peculiar to semi analytical solutions is treated using cosine after treatment method. Analytical Solutions obtained are used to examine the material properties variation, linear Winkler, nonlinear Winkler and Pasternak foundation effects on plate vibration. It is established that natural frequency decrease with decrease in thickness of the plate, Natural frequency increases with increase in the value of Winkler and Pasternak foundation coefficients. The modal shape obtained satisfy the classical theory of the plate vibration. It is expected that the findings of this work will be relevant in tackling problems related to plate vibration in the industries.
Conceptual Issues in Outdoor Advertising Billboard Valuation – Lessons for Nigeria
Authors: Oni A S , Oloyede S A , Durodola D O , Oluwunmi A O
Published: November 2019

This paper examined, by literature, four principal conceptual issues that are germane to outdoor advertising billboard valuation namely; the concept of outdoor advertising billboard itself, the tripartite components of the billboard property, billboard legal status controversy and the money trail concept. A review of these conceptual issues was critically carried out, pinpointing their implications to valuation of billboards for many purposes such as compensation so as to enhance understanding of estate surveyors and valuers, especially in Nigeria. Findings from the literature are that; modern billboards are diverse in nature (material, displays and technology), there is no consensus yet about whether billboard is real or personal property and that the task of allocating income to the different assets that contribute to the total business value of an outdoor advertising business is herculean. While valuers should improve their understanding of the criteria that qualify an asset as real or personal property and treat each billboard to be valued on its own merit, educational and training institution in Nigeria should encourage capacity building in outdoor advertising billboard valuation.
Going the extra mile: vital third party logistics service providers’ pre-selection activities by pharmaceutical organizations
Authors: Aigbavboa S , Mbohwa C
Published: November 2019

In this study, the investigation of the vital activities by pharmaceutical organizations in Nigeria before their final selection of third party logistics service providers (3PLSPs) was conducted. A sequential exploratory mixed method approach, with Delphi study preceding a quantitative survey was adopted. Data analysis of the Delphi panellists’ responses shows some of these activities in top ranking include: analysing present costs of function(s), adequate due diligence and visiting 3PLSPs’ locations. Exploratory factor analysis of the data extracted two main factors out of the activities named “Internal preparedness” and “Proactive and authentication initiatives”. Valuable contributions from the Delphi panel of experts and this entire study to knowledge, research methodology and policies have been made from the results of the study.
Prospects of Quantity Surveyors in a dynamic world of climate change, digitalization and economic recession
Authors: Tunji-Olayeni PF , Oyeyipo OO , Nnadi EE
Published: November 2019

Environmental, social and economic challenges cause serious changes that can affect the sustainability of businesses. Climate change, digitalization and economic recession have become topical in recent times. These issues are shaping the way businesses operate. Empirical and anecdotal evidences show that businesses can become worse off, if they do not embrace change. This paper is a desk research which focuses on the prospects of Quantity Surveying businesses in an era of climate change, digitalization and economic recession. It concludes that Quantity Surveyors can thrive in the face of climate change, digitalization and economic recession if they adopt sustainable construction, leverage on Information, Communication and Technology (ICT) and practice Value Management.
Coordinated control of active and reactive capacity generation in electrical power distribution networks of railways
Authors: Tretyakov E A
Published: November 2019

This article presents an agent-based model algorithm for voltage coordinated control using reactive capacity sources in electrical power distribution networks of railways. Voltage control in an electrical network is coordinately implemented by the managing system between all local regulators within the controlled zone. We present an approach to coordinate the work of local regulators basing on auction-type ranking of their possibilities for achievement the global control purpose. During operational voltage control in electrical network we proposed to use linearization of the control task, since the relationship between relative power gains and loads of individual nodes in the form of sensitivity matrix (Jacobi) is almost linear. We performed simulation and mathematical modeling of the proposed algorithm in the distribution electrical network of railways and present the obtained results.
Time-optimal control of heating process subject to phase constraints
Authors: Kichigina O Y , Chekotilo E Y
Published: November 2019

The article presents the results of modeling and optimization of temperature fields by the volume of the workpiece during induction heating using a numerical two-dimensional electromagnetic thermal model of the process. Time-optimal control problem of induction heating subject to constraints on maximum permissible temperature is formulated and solved. The obtained optimal control algorithms lead to an increase in the efficiency of induction heaters by reducing total heating time and absence of defects due to technological limitations.
New approach to measuring the IVC of non-linear inertia-free elements
Authors: Selitrenikov D A , Bodrenkov E A , Gritsutenko S S
Published: November 2019

A technique for measuring the current-voltage characteristics (IVC) of a nonlinear inertia-free element from the amplitude spectrum of a current curve obtained by decomposing it into a Fourier series is given. The initial data for the method are the curves of current and voltage on a nonlinear element, measured for different points in time. The IVC is represented as a ratio of power polynomials whose coefficients are determined by the Cholesky method. Examples of measurement of the current-voltage characteristics are given, estimates of the relative and absolute error of the approach are given. The advantage of the proposed approach in comparison with the existing ones is the better accuracy of the reproduction of the IVC.
Assessment of the consumers’ contribution to the deterioration of the electrical power quality
Authors: Rastvorova I I
Published: November 2019

The article presents the rationale for the further development of the methods that uniquely identify consumers making a major contribution to the deterioration of the quality of electricity in power supply systems of enterprises. A new method that gives an unambiguous result is proposed. This feature is a significant difference from the known methods. The given statements are confirmed by the results of computer simulation that are presented in the article. The method is based on the principle of changing the input resistance of the system implemented by varying the impedance of the transformer windings. An on load tap changer can be used for this purpose. The prospects for applying the method to determine the contribution of individual consumers to the changes in the quality of electric power of the enterprises supply systems in terms of percentage are shown.
Application of power theory for electricity metering in presence of distortion
Authors: Bardanov A I , Pudkova T V
Published: November 2019

At enterprises, electricity metering devices are used everywhere, which incorporate various formulas for calculating power. The division of power into active, reactive and full is valid only in the case of sinusoidal currents and voltages. In the case of non-sinusoidal waveforms of current and voltage, which are most often found in industrial networks of enterprises, it is necessary to use additional concepts and correct formulas for calculating powers in order to avoid errors. The article compares the methods of calculating the power in the non-sinusoidal mode, which can be used to more correctly record electricity in industrial networks of enterprises.
Physical modeling of failures of the automotive alternator
Authors: Puzakov A V
Published: November 2019

The relevance of the problem of automotive alternator diagnosis is associated with the imperfection of existing methods due to their significant complexity and lack of information. In order the accelerate the process of electrical failures diagnosis, the article considers their physical modelling method, the advantages of which are significant acceleration of the experiment, the possibility of modelling several failures, as well as the establishment of a clear boundary between the serviceable and non-serviceable states of the alternator. Adequately simulating the processes occurring in the alternator, physical modelling is implemented by means of serial or parallel connection to the alternator elements of adjustable active resistance. Experimental data show that the most informative and sensitive to the process of failures development is the temperature increase which can serve as the basis for on-board monitoring system aimed at determining the technical condition of an automotive alternator.
Electrical equipment maintenance system with elements of augmented reality technology
Authors: Zhukovskiy Y L , Koteleva N I
Published: November 2019

Any industrial enterprise serves a significant fleet of electrical equipment. Equipment servicing takes place in various ways: according to the schedule and without it, by direct and indirect methods, in manual and automated mode, with or without the involvement of specialists, etc. Timely maintenance prolongs the life of electrical equipment. So technical maintenance is indirectly related to the efficiency of production. Today there are many different technologies that simplify the process of maintenance of electrical equipment. One of these technologies is augmented reality technology. The existing practice of application of augmented reality technology shows that the one of the main difficulty faced by the enterprise is the lack of unified solutions and software modules. As a rule, the electrical equipment maintenance system is developed specifically for each type of equipment; its software modules and components are unique. This article describes the approach of developing a unified module of augmented reality technology for servicing electrical equipment.
Autonomous power supply complex for oil leakage detection system in pipelines
Authors: Belsky A A , Dobush V S , Kuksov N A , Gluhanich D Y
Published: November 2019

In this article an autonomous power supply complex for oil leakage detection system is proposed for pipelines using the units of thermoelectric generators as a power source. Laboratory experimental studies were conducted as well as obtained operating energy characteristics of the complex. A sufficient number of the units of thermoelectric generators for uninterrupted power supply of the data collection point of the oil leak detection system has been defined.
Traction inverter with integrated charger: practical realisation and experimental study
Authors: Sidorov K M , Grishchenko A G , Sidorov B N
Published: November 2019

This article presents some practical designs for combining control functions of AC traction motor and high voltage on-board vehicle battery pack charge using single hardware components and common power circuit. Basic charger and traction inverter integration circuit designs as well as conditions necessary for keeping their power equivalent are described in the article. Based on these circuit designs, the new traction inverter with integrated charger design is suggested. This design has the advantage of high-power density, optimal weight and size ratio and relatively simple control system realisation. The suggested design is recreated in a voltage converter experimental sample. The study results of the created design basic functional characteristics are provided in the article. Traction inverter with integrated charger practical realisation results can be used in the advanced vehicle (electric vehicles, hybrid electric vehicles) development and construction as well as in autonomous power supply systems.
3D model for calculating the impedance of the transformer of the inverter power source of the resistance welding machine
Authors: Sakhno L , Sakhno O , Krylov M , Likhachev D
Published: November 2019

3D model for calculating the short circuit impedance and inductance of the secondary windings bars of a welding transformer are given. An example of calculating these parameters for a transformer with a rated current of 7 kA in the frequency range from 0 up to 1000 Hz are considered. The accuracy of these parameters and calculation time are discussed. The results of transformer impedance calculations using 2D and 3D models are compared. The inductance of the transformer bars is about 70% of the transformer short-circuit resistance.
Electric drives on the basis of doubly fed induction motor
Authors: Avlasko P V , Bronov S A
Published: November 2019

The article describes the design and principle of operation of a doubly fed induction motor, which is a special class of electrical machines that combine two principles – electromagnetic reduction and doubly fed. The methods of control of this motor are listed. Doubly fed induction motor have six control actions, which allows by their combination to create electric drives with different functional properties and principles of construction. A general assessment of the properties and capabilities of an electric drive on the basis of doubly fed induction motor is given.
Development of the solar electric bicycle and its test run on the Russian public roads
Authors: Galushchak V , Soshinov A , Shevchenko N , Elfimova O , Lebedeva Yu
Published: November 2019

The article presents the basic principles for development of electric bicycle transport in cities and towns of Russia. The technical characteristics of sun vehicle, developed by the authors are given. We describe the test run of passenger sun vehicle and three cycle hybrids along the route Volgograd - Sevastopol, with a length of 1350 km. We obtained the comparative characteristics between sun vehicle “TURIST” and industrial samples of electric bicycles. It was shown that solar electric vehicles can be successfully used on Russian public roads.
Prospective electric motors for high speed medical instrument
Authors: Pisarevsky Yu V , Yu Pisarevsky A , Fursov V B , Goremykin S A , Sitnikov N V
Published: November 2019

The article discusses promising designs of high-speed electric motors for autonomous medical instruments. These machines ensure the creation of an autonomous electromechanical tool with low energy consumption, which predetermines the possibility of its use in field conditions. On the other hand, higher ergonomic indicators contribute to better performance of operations.
Information-measurement system for determining moisture content of dry and liquid agricultural produce
Authors: Vorotnikov I N , Mastepanenko M A , Gabrielyan Sh Zh , Mishukov S V
Published: November 2019

The article presents a functional diagram of the proposed information-measuring system, based on the developed method for determining the moisture content of dry and liquid agricultural produce. Additionally we present the measurement algorithm.
Study of the stagnation region in HV gas-blast interrupters with synchronous gas injection
Authors: Kurakina N K , Ya Frolov V , Tonkonogov E N
Published: November 2019

According to modern trends in the development of HV gas blast circuit breakers GCB (such as increasing of rated voltage per break) a stagnation region in GCB rises and GCB interrupting ability is reduced. The zone of stagnation has the dominant influence on a thermal-dielectric recovery, since some quantity of hot gas medium remains in this region during the transient voltage recovery wave. The paper studies the stagnation region deformation in double-flow gas-blast interrupters with synchronous gas injection. The interaction between gas jet and the stagnation zone in the vicinity of current zero is discussed. Numerical analysis of basic gas flow with synchronous gas injection between arc contacts of the arc quenching chamber is presented.
Thyristor voltage regulator control algorithm research
Authors: Asabin A A , Kralin A A , Kryukov E V
Published: November 2019

The article deals with the development and research of thyristor voltage regulator (TVR) dual-zone control algorithm in the electrical distribution networks 6-20 kV. The TVR control system hardware and software complex based on the algorithm was developed using LabVIEW and NI myRIO controllers. The transverse, longitudinal and longitudinal-transversal voltage regulation modes experimental research was conducted by the TVR prototype. The experimental research results confirmed the developed algorithm and its program realization effectiveness and efficiency.
State estimation accuracy enhancement for optimal power system steady state modes
Authors: Shehata A A , Ahmed M K
Published: November 2019

State estimation is an important tool for system operators, which determine the state of the system and accordingly act for control and operate the system. Ill conditioned system is a problem facing the state estimation algorithms, which results in numerical instability and inaccurate results of power system state estimation. This paper proposes a method to overcoming the ill-conditioned problem based on their linear correlations between the output parameters for obtaining optimal power systems steady state mode.
Adaptive multi-variable step size P&O MPPT for high tracking-speed and accuracy
Authors: Osman M H , Refaat A
Published: November 2019

Improvement of the output power under different weather conditions is one of the major concerns for photovoltaic (PV) system design. The perturbation and observation (P&O) maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithm is the most commonly used technique in practice due to its simplicity and ease of implementation in low-cost hardware. However, the conventional fixed-step P&O tracking method uses a fixed iteration step size based on the requirements of the steady - state accuracy and the speed of the algorithm. In addition, it is very hard to specify the variable step-size scaling factor (M) under fast ripped change of insolation. This paper presents an adaptative multi-variable step-size to solve the trade-off between the speed of the algorithm and efficiency at steady-state. Computer simulation is carried out on MATLAB/Simulink to validate the performance of the proposed algorithm. By using multi-variable step-size algorithm, MPPT response speed and accuracy can be significantly enhanced under rapid change of irradiance compared to one scaling variable step-size P&O method.
Calculation of electrical loads of residential and public buildings based on actual data
Authors: Soluyanov Yu I , Fedotov A I , Ahmetshin A R
Published: November 2019

Design organizations use normative specific load to calculate the power consumed by residential and public building. The practice of construction and operation of urban power supply systems has shown that in most cases real loads are less than calculated ones by 1.5–2 times. A revision of the standard load values is needed based on experimental measurements of power profiles. The newly built cable networks and transformer substations of 10/0.4 kV in fact turn out to be underloaded. Moreover, this underloading is such that transformers rarely operate at 50% of their capacity during hours of maximum power consumption. The death of investments for power grid companies is obvious, since after the nearest site development, it becomes almost impossible to connect a new consumer.
Research of potential on the grounding device in the network with low-impendance resistive neutral grounding
Authors: Chervonchenko S S , Brilinskiy A S
Published: November 2019

The paper discusses the possibility of low-impendance (combined) neutral grounding in the 10-35 kV air network, suggests the logic of the relay protection against single-phase ground faults, and also based on computer simulation of transient processes, the potential of the low voltage network is estimated depending on the current circuit to ground, resistance values of the grounding device and network configuration 0.4 kV. The study is carried out by modeling the real part of the power system of St. Petersburg and the Leningrad region, located in the north-east of the region. Directly considered the distribution network of 110 kV Substation Plodovoe (Substation №. 511).
Pulse-width voltage adjustment
Authors: Veselovskii A P , Kosareva L I , Vostrov K I
Published: November 2019

In recent years there has been significant development of the element base of power electronics. The new circuit and design solutions have appeared, and the capabilities of the power supply systems of electrotechnological, radio-electronic and consumer devices have changed significantly. The current paper analyzes the methods of voltage regulation. The paper shows the method of obtaining an adjustable AC voltage, as well as the device for its implementation. The proposed method allows achieving a significant reduction in weight and size indicators of power supply units of various devices. The implementation of the concept is possible based on the method of modulating the output voltage with high-frequency pulses with varying duty cycle by means of pulsed electronics. Equa-tions for calculating the harmonic components of the Fourier series of a pulse se-quence for a half-sine curve are given. The most dynamically developing direction of power electronics is considered, which is connected with solving the problem of voltage regulation in controlled rectifiers and inverter devices.
Analysis of nonsinusoidal electromagnetic fields in induction units
Authors: Timofeev V N , Vinter E R , Fomin A V
Published: November 2019

The paper contains the analytical analysis of nonsinusoidal electromagnetic field in induction units of metallurgical designation. It considers a pancake coil on the surface of a conductive body and magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) stirrer of liquid metals. The solution is obtained in the form of a Fourier series in a comprehensive way. We have obtained differential and integral properties and the relations of electromagnetic parameters to the value of time constant in the inductor winding. The reconciliation analysis has been completed for the results obtained for the electromagnetic characteristics of the units at supplying them with sinusoidal current.
The research of the properties of the plasma torch on alternating current, for the development of PREP technology
Authors: Kadyrov A A , Ya Frolov V , Yushin B A
Published: November 2019

In recent years, the production of metal powder has become increasingly large-scale, and the requirements for the quality of the obtained powder are becoming stricter (fraction, sphericity, purity, flowability) - this is due not only to the increased demand for powder from standard industries of metallurgy, but also because the emergence and spread of additive technologies. In this article, a new method will be described for the production of metal powders, including titanium ones, the experimental results are given, namely, the value of currents, voltages and gas consumption in various operating modes. As a result of the experiments, a nominal operating mode was identified for one of the installation modules. Electric circuits and calculation model are given.
The usage of low-voltage AC plasma torch for polystyrene gasification
Authors: Obraztsov N V , Safronov A A , Subbotin D I , Ivanov D , Dudnik J D
Published: November 2019

The article describes the plasma-chemical process of polystyrene processing by air low voltage AC plasma torch with a power of up to 500 kW. Polystyrene is a highly toxic compound, so its processing is very important. In this case, it consists mainly of carbon and hydrogen. The thermodynamic calculation of plasma gasification of polystyrene using air plasma and steam was carried out. It is established that the maximum concentration of steam in the gasifying agent is 50%wt . In this case, the plasma enthalpy of 12 MJ/kg is sufficient for the implementation of this process.
Identification of transformer equivalent circuit parameters for transients simulation
Authors: Ivanchenko D I , Salov R A
Published: November 2019

The paper deals with experimental identification of transformer equivalent circuit parameters for simulation purpose. Dependences of transformer voltage and power from primary winding current in open circuit configuration were measured. Current to voltage characteristic of magnetic losses nonlinear resistor, flux to current characteristic of magnetic core, resistance and leakage inductance of primary and secondary windings of one-phase transformer were calculated from the measured parameters. Equivalent circuit of the transformer allowing calculation of transformer transients, such as inrush and overload, was obtained as a result.
PMSM control system with open-end winding and floating bridge capacitor
Authors: Shklyarskiy Y E , Lutonin A S , Palyanicin P S
Published: November 2019

This paper represents structure of permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) control system focused to work in field weakening mode. Structurally it consists of PMSM motor with open end winding, main bridge inverter (MB) with DC voltage at one side of motor winding and floating bridge (FB) inverter with a capacitor at the other side of motor winding. Structure of control system with active and reactive power distribution for MB and FB inverter with capacitor’s voltage level control and motor’s shaft control loops is proposed. Simulation model via Matlab/Simulink and Simscape language is designed. Comparing proposed control system with field oriented PMSM vector control and “Y” motor end winding connection is provided. Obtained results shows that proposed control system helps to reach 1.4 times more maximum speed that a conventional one
Analytical study of heat exchange and efficiency of arc in arc steel-melting furnaces of small and large capacity
Authors: Makarov A N , Okuneva V V , Pavlova Yu M
Published: November 2019

An analytical study of heat transfer and efficiency of arcs in arc steel furnaces of small and large capacity, 1.5-20 tons and 100-120 tons, respectively. We found out that the reason for the increased specific consumption of electricity for melting the batch in small capacity furnaces is the low efficiency of arcs equal to 0.55-0.57 and the corresponding specific energy consumption for melting 475-500 kWh/t. In furnaces of large capacity the efficiency of arcs is 0.78-0.8 and specific energy consumption is 360-375 kWh/t.
Special aspects of application of filter-compensating devices in power supply systems with non-linear electrical receivers
Authors: Averbukh M A , Prasol D A , Zhilin E V
Published: November 2019

This article presents special aspects of selection and application of filter-compensating devices (FCD), made on the basis of passive filters (PF), in power supply systems for various purposes with non-linear electrical receivers (ER). We show the features of various power supply systems with typical consumers of electrical energy. As an example, we consider power supply systems of 0.4 kV for detached houses and of 6-10 kV for industrial enterprises with high-power thyristor DC drives. We describe features of generating higher harmonics (HH) of current and voltage in the considered electrical networks, their harmonic composition and the main negative consequences. We consider main technical means of compensating HH of currents and voltages in power supply systems with nonlinear ER, and analysis of various PF types. The influence of frequency properties on HH compensation is presented as one of the main features of PF application in FCD. Special aspects of selection of PF specific types and its parameters are described on the basis of solving optimization problems. The main methods of FCD design optimization are considered. Based on FCD structure optimization, we proposed their most rational designs for various power supply systems, as well as the results of their application.
Energy efficient building in the Arctic
Authors: Arkhipov Vitaly , Nemova Darya , Petrosova Daria , Morokhoeva Viktoria
Published: November 2019

This article covers the topic of energy-efficient buildings belonging to the Far North and the design of such a house in these conditions. The analysis of existing energy-efficient technologies was carried out and the prospects of their application in the Arctic conditions were determined. New technical solutions have been developed to ensure the energy efficiency of buildings in the Arctic. Research methods included: theoretical study of existing energy-efficient buildings; software: Autodesk Revit to create a three-dimensional model of the building together with Austodesk Green Studio to calculate energy efficiency and Solar plugin to calculate the energy performance of solar panels. The scientific novelty of the work consists in obtaining practical recommendations for the design of an energy-efficient house located in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) 62 degrees North latitude and 129 degrees East longitude. The practical value of the work is to use the recommendations for the construction and reconstruction of energy-efficient buildings, geographically located in the Arctic zone. The theoretical significance of the developed model and the proposed technology for determining energy efficiency indicators will allow it to be used for further calculations.
Electrical drive efficiency improving using an adaptive neural network controller
Authors: Davydov V A , Zhiligotov R I
Published: November 2019

This article discusses the possibilities of improving the energy efficiency, quality and reliability of electric drive control using an adaptive neural network controller. Asynchronous motors, working in modern conditions, are under constant random effects of various kinds, and are non-linear technical objects. The use of classical methods of regulation of electric drives based on PID controllers leads to difficulties and uncertainties in the process of control, while intelligent methods based on adaptive neural controllers provide efficient energy saving in control. The efficiency of using an adaptive neural network controller in circuits with direct torque control of an asynchronous motor is considered. Described and justified the useful effect of the use of neural network controller in comparison with the control based on the PID controller. A tuned adaptive neural network controller provides an increase in the efficiency and energy saving of electric drives in industrial enterprises solving the actual problem of modern electric power industry.