bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Perceived Effects of Climate Change on Farm Income: Insights from Smallholder Arable Crops Farmers in South-west Nigeria
Authors: Ayinla Rasheed Ayodele , Alao Oluwagbenga , Adesoji Solomon , Ayinla Rachael Ajibola , Olawuyi Seyi Olalekan
Published: December 2024

Climate change presents significant challenges for smallholder arable crop farmers whose major livelihood revolves around agriculture. This is further worsened by farmers’ poor awareness and limited knowledge of mitigating the associated risks with debilitating consequences on Farm Income. Therefore, this study investigated the perceived effects of climate change on farm income in South-west Nigeria, using cross-sectional data elicited from randomly selected 389 arable crop farmers. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, principal component analysis (PCA), and ordinary least square regression (OLS) technique. The results indicated that the farming population skewed towards older individuals, with an average age of approximately 55 years. Farmers were predominantly male, comprising 78.1% of the sample, who primarily derived their livelihood from agriculture, with 77.4% engaging in farming as their main occupation. Additionally, a significant portion of the farmers, accounting for 67.6%, possess secondary or higher education qualifications. Widely adopted coping practices include varying planting dates, multiple cropping, zero bush burning, crop rotation, irrigation, manure mulching, and cultivating drought/flood-tolerant varieties. Also, the estimates from the fitted OLS regression model revealed that farmers’ knowledge and perception of climate change had significant relationships with farm income. Factors such as education, years of farming experience, farm size, access to extension services, social networks, access to climate change information, challenges on climate change mitigation, and coping strategies employed by the farmers were indicated to significantly influence farm income among the smallholder farmers in the study area. Therefore, the promotion of sustainable agricultural practices and bridging the knowledge-practice gap can strengthen farmers’ adaptive capacity against climate change effects.
Student Researcher Spotlight
Authors: San Juan Nicol
Published: December 2024

Nicol San Juan is an undergraduate student in the Faculty of Science who is studying biochemistry. Her image titled Now You See Me is featured on the back cover of this issue.
Student Researcher Spotlight
Authors: Sharma Aryan , Mytko Taylor
Published: December 2024

Aryan and Taylor’s image, titled Mouse Radial Nerve in Cross-section, is featured on the back cover of the issue. The peripheral nervous system is composed of different axonal subpopulations that are responsible for carrying out information on essential processes such as pain, muscle contraction, and mechanoreception from the periphery to the brain. In this triple fluorescent image of the mouse Radial nerve in cross-section, each color represents a different axonal subpopulation. The red channel labels CHAT (Choline Acetyltransferase)+ motor axons which allow for skeletal muscle contraction in response to stimuli. The green channel labels CGRP (Calcitonin Gene Related Peptide)+ nociceptive (pain) axons which are responsible for a sustained release of inflammatory factors in response to tissue injury. The teal channel (Neurofilament 200) labels all the remaining proprioceptive and mechanoreceptive axonal subpopulations in the nerve. This image is the result of an immunohistochemistry protocol where a specific antibody with a fluorescent tag binds to the desired protein on the axon. This image, along with various images of different upper and lower limb nerves, allow us to quantify these subpopulations which may be critical for the development of future pain models and surgical interventions.
Curating computer heritage: a case study
Authors: Stachniak Zbigniew
Published: December 2024

Preserving legacy computer systems poses a complex challenge, given the inherent intricacies of these devices. While numerous organizations dedicated to safeguarding computing heritage have identified key challenges and produced reports and general guidelines for best preservation practices, the vast array of object categories, types, and numerous other factors may render such studies inadequate for the preservation task at hand. This paper is focused on specific challenges in the preservation of historical computer systems, using the MCM/70 preservation project conducted at the York University Computer Museum as a case study.
Implementing the Concept of Co-Parenting in Divorce Cases: An Analysis Using the Maslahah Approach
Authors: Turnip Ibnu Radwan Siddik , Harahap Sumper Mulia , Talli Abdul Halim , Arminsyah Arminsyah , Sebyar Muhamad Hasan
Published: December 2024

This study aims to analyze the application of child rights protection in divorce decisions at the Cirebon Religious Court and explore ways to optimize this protection using the maslahah approach. Divorce significantly impacts the physical and mental development of children, often resulting in a weakened next generation due to the lack of fulfillment of children's rights post-divorce. The research employs a normative juridical method, incorporating statute, case, and conceptual analyses to provide a comprehensive understanding of the current legal landscape and its shortcomings. The findings reveal that while the inclusion of children's rights in divorce decisions is crucial, it remains optional rather than mandatory. This oversight leaves many children vulnerable, as their rights are not consistently safeguarded in the aftermath of their parents' separation. Currently, no regulation mandates the inclusion of children's rights in divorce decrees, limiting judges to act only on explicit petitions. This study highlights the effectiveness of the Maslahah approach in ensuring that children's rights are prioritized, recommending significant legal reforms to make the inclusion of these rights mandatory in divorce rulings. Such reforms would provide a robust legal foundation to safeguard children's human rights post-divorce, covering aspects such as education, health, and protection from parental conflict. By implementing these recommendations, we can enhance the well-being of children affected by divorce and ensure their rights are consistently protected.
Penetration of Muamalah Jurisprudence into Indonesian Law
Authors: Husni Husni , Khairat Miftahul
Published: December 2024

This research aims to elaborate the penetration of fiqh muamalah into the Indonesian legal system, especially in laws and regulations related to Islamic financial institutions. One fact is that the nomenclature of muamalah and/or fiqh muamalah is not found at all in legislation and legal system. However, in other reality, substantively, fiqh muamalah has become an integral part of the Indonesian legal system, at least as evidenced by the positivization of fourteen laws and regulations related to Islamic financial institutions. The study uses a descriptive qualitative method that focuses on the analysis of legal documents. The analysis method used is a normative descriptive technique involving a historical approach to Islamic law in the context of Indonesia. The findings of this study reveal that the penetration of fiqh muamalah into the Indonesian legal system does not only occur at the theoretical level, but has also had a real impact on the legal culture, legal structure, and legal substance of Indonesian law. At the level of legal culture, muamalah has become an attitude and legal awareness in the form of beliefs, values, ideas, and expectations of the community. As a legal structure, muamalah already has state institutions and their enforcement organizations. In addition to the House of Representatives, which carry out the role of legislation with the government, the legal norms of muamalah have been implemented by Islamic banking institutions, Islamic capital markets, Islamic insurance, Islamic pawnshops, and other Islamic microfinance institutions. Meanwhile, in terms of legal substance, the legal norms of muamalah have manifested into various laws and regulations related to economic and social activities, which are basically related to the determination of sharia principles as the main reference for the activities of financial institutions, the use of muamalah contracts in sharia economic activities, and the criminalization of violations of sharia principles.
PELATIHAN ASESMEN IMPLEMENTASI KURIKULUM MERDEKA (IKM) BAGI GURU SEKOLAH DASAR KABUPATEN PROBOLINGGO
Authors: Anggraini Ade Eka , Suciptaningsih Oktaviani Adhi , Mardhatilah Mardhatilah , Khotimah Khusnul , Zativalen Oriza , Sufian Kang Enio Kang Mohd
Published: December 2024

of Education Kec. The source and the service team concluded that the problems in the primary school include (1) the teacher's lack of understanding of the Merdeka Curriculum Implementation Assessment, because it is considered only for IPA subjects, (2) the unavailability of supporting book references in the classroom or library related to the assessment of Merdeka Curriculum Implementation, (3) the learning has not been touched by literacy and technology innovations, and (4) Learning in Education The Merdeka Curriculum is still alien to teachers. The solution to this problem is to carry out Focus GroupDiscussion (FGD) activities and training learning activities through the implementation of the Merdeka Curriculum Implementation assessment. Increasing the number of libraries is related to independent curriculum in learning, Independent curriculum learning training, Guidance of evaluation products of training results by teachers. External targets in this activity are to increase teachers' understanding of the concept of independent curriculum implementation assessment, document time schedule based student'activitys, (portfolio), reference book on Independent Curriculum Implementation Assessment for teachers (10 e-books from various sources), publication of activities in 1 mass media and 1 video of activity uploaded on youtube channel, 1 Draft evaluation result assessment of implementation of merdeka curriculum scientific articles in the form of an accredited journal (1 accredited journal article), 1 HKI.
Marine-Derived Chitosan Biopolymers as Antibacterial Agents: A Review
Authors: Nurhadis Nurhadis , Kasasiah Ahsanal , Hitopik Asman
Published: December 2024

The growing issue of bacterial resistance to conventional antibiotics has led to an increasing need for alternative antimicrobial agents. Chitosan, a biopolymer derived from marine organisms such as crustaceans (shrimp, crabs) and mollusks (shellfish), has shown significant antibacterial properties. This systematic review aims to evaluate the antibacterial activity of chitosan extracted from various marine sources against Gram-positive (Staphylococcus epidermidis) and Gram-negative (Escherichia coli) bacteria. A comprehensive search of studies published in the past decade was conducted across multiple databases, using predefined inclusion criteria to identify relevant experimental research that focused on quantitative data, such as inhibition zones. The review analyzes key variables, including chitosan extraction methods, concentrations, and experimental conditions. The results revealed that chitosan exhibited the highest antibacterial activity against E. coli, while S. epidermidis showed moderate susceptibility. Variations in antibacterial effectiveness were attributed to differences in chitosan extraction methods and experimental conditions. Despite these variations, the overall evidence supports the potential of chitosan as an effective antimicrobial agent, demonstrating significant inhibition against a wide range of bacterial strains. The findings suggest that chitosan may serve as a promising natural alternative to combat bacterial infections, particularly those caused by antibiotic-resistant pathogens. However, further research is needed to standardize extraction techniques, explore the antibacterial mechanisms, and conduct in vivo studies to validate its clinical applications. These findings underscore chitosan's potential as a sustainable and effective solution in addressing the global challenge of bacterial resistance.
Strengthening the Market of Bathok Koi Coconut Shell Waste Crafts through Digital Marketing System in Achieving Brand Awareness
Authors: Wardani Shanti Ike , Widayani Anna , Fu’ad M. Nur , Waspada Heri Priya
Published: December 2024

This research aims to increase brand awareness and competitiveness of Bathok Koi coconut shell waste handicraft products through the implementation of digital marketing strategies. The program involved intensive training for micro business partners and university students, covering digital marketing skills such as social media management, product photography, and creative content creation for digital platforms. The results of the program showed an increase in participants' understanding of branding and digital marketing which resulted in increased interactions with consumers and increased visits to Bathok Koi's social media profiles. In conclusion, continuous assistance in digital marketing is needed to encourage business sustainability and strengthen Bathok Koi's position in local and regional markets
Os efeitos da formaçãos contínua na literacia em avaliação dos professores
Authors: Pires Almeida Luís Miguel
Published: December 2024

O presente estudo teve como objetivo analisar o impacto da formação contínua em avaliação na literacia dos professores, especialmente em relação às lacunas frequentemente observadas na formação inicial. A avaliação é uma competência essencial para os docentes, mas muitos relatam sentir-se despreparados para enfrentar os desafios dessa tarefa complexa e multifacetada. Participaram 253 professores a lecionar na Zona Pedagógica de Lisboa e na Península de Setúbal (Portugal) os quais responderam ao Questionário de Aferição da Literacia em Avaliação (QALA), um instrumento que avalia diversos aspetos da competência em avaliação, incluindo o entendimento dos objetivos educacionais, a escolha adequada de métodos e instrumentos de avaliação, bem como a interpretação e utilização dos resultados obtidos para melhorar a aprendizagem dos alunos. Os resultados obtidos destacam a importância da formação contínua em avaliação. Professores que frequentaram cursos específicos em avaliação apresentaram resultados significativamente superiores aos professores que não frequentaram tais formações, demonstrando maior confiança e competência na realização de avaliações formativas e sumativas. Estes resultados corroboram a necessidade de investir em programas de desenvolvimento profissional que foquem na capacitação dos professores em avaliação. Instituições educacionais e formuladores de políticas necessitam de priorizar a oferta de cursos e workshops específicos para aprimorar as habilidades de avaliação dos docentes, preenchendo as lacunas identificadas na formação inicial.
What are statisticians contemplating?–A thirty-year literature review and trend analysis on statistical thinking
Authors: Chung Wen-Mao , Chen Hsin-Chueh , Lin Mei-Chun , Chen Pei-Chi , Chang Chun-Yen
Published: December 2024

The term ‘statistical thinking’ might seem straightforward at face value, yet defining it precisely remains a challenge. What exactly constitutes statistical thinking? And how does it differentiate from other forms of thinking? To date, the academic community lacks a universally accepted definition. Thus, this study employed a retrospective research method, examining and analyzing the discourse on statistical thinking in international journals over the past 30 years, integrating findings from 44 papers. Beyond analyzing research trends, this study also compiled seven definitions or structures of statistical thinking. The results indicate that various fields have favored definitions or structures, but regardless of the chosen definition or structure, there is a consistent association with the concept of variation. Concluding, the researchers reviewed the curriculum guidelines for 12-year basic education and the implications of statistical education within Taiwan’s curriculum, offering tangible recommendations for future investigations.
The Logic of Globalization of Chinese-Style Modernization in the Perspective of Marx's World History Theory
Authors: Zhang Xin
Published: December 2024

Marx 's world history theory is an important part of the Marxist theoretical system. Chinese-style modernization is a socialist modernization road with Chinese characteristics that is generated and developed according to China 's national conditions under the guidance of this theory. In the process of pursuing modernization, China not only follows the evolution law of world history in theory, but also shows its unique generation logic in practice.Specifically, the globalization logic of China 's modernization can be grasped from the three historical stages of " forced to follow", " Run after oneself " and " Take the initiative and lead the race", thus highlighting China 's profound insight and historical initiative in world history.
Sleep: A complex biological process
Authors: Mohd. Maroof Siddiqui  , Mohd. Suhaib Kidwai
Published: December 2024

Sleep is one of the most basic physiological process essential to physical recovery, cognitive functioning and emotional wellbeing. Throughout this paper, sleep mechanisms and their biological significance e.g., energy restoration, tissue recovery, and neural detoxification are addressed. It explores the role of circadian rhythms, the firing of neurons and the hormone signals of the brain that help maintain the sleep-wake cycle and how disruption in them can throw the sleep-wake cycle off balance, which can result in sleep disorders and other issues. One of the basic methods of sleep research is the Electroencephalogram (EEG) method in which the electrical activity of the brain is recorded at various sleep stages. The paper reviews advancements in improving EEG-based methods for classifying sleep stages and detecting conditions such as epilepsy, Alzheimer’s disease and rapid-eye movement (REM) abnormalities. Recent developments in machine learning and signal processing tools such as time-frequency analysis and neural networks improved the accuracy of diagnosis and prediction of sleep disorders.
However, the current contribution is an extensive review of experimental literature and demonstrate thopacuity of combining EEG features with modern computational techniques to provide a better grasp of the microstructure of sleep states and disorders. They facilitate superior automated systems for diagnosis that enhance patient outcomes, and translate to broader applications in health care.
An outlook towards nano-sponges: A unique drug delivery system and its application in drug delivery
Authors: Shruti I Meshram  , Pooja R Hatwar  , Ravindra L Bakal  , Samiksha B Rotake
Published: December 2024

Nanosponges represent a recent breakthrough in the field of nanotechnology. Initially designed for topical drug delivery, they have evolved to facilitate oral drug delivery using water-soluble and biodegradable polymers. Nanosponges are porous structures with dimensions akin to viruses, boasting an average diameter of less than 1µm. Their diminutive size and porous nature enable them to effectively bind to poorly soluble drugs, thereby enhancing their bioavailability. These nanosponges can circulate within the body and selectively interact with specific target sites, releasing drugs in a controlled manner upon reaching their intended destinations. Various techniques have been reported for nanosponge preparation, including the emulsion solvent method, solvent method, ultrasound-assisted method. Nanosponges offer a highly advantageous approach to targeted drug delivery, with the added benefit of minimizing side effects. One of their key advantages lies in their ability to enhance the solubility of poorly soluble drugs and accommodate higher drug loads compared to other nanocarriers. This review provides insights into the formulation methods, excipients employed, nanosponge significant advantages they offer in transforming the undesirable properties of drugs into desirable ones.
Sustainable remediation of dye pollutants using ash-based photocatalytic nanocomposites: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Hema Kundra  , Archana Dagar  , Himani  , Ambika Tundwal  , Parsan Kaur  , Simmi Singh
Published: December 2024

Rapid industrialization and human activities have resulted in severe issues with organic pollutants, particularly dyes, that increase challenges in the management of wastewater. This review focuses on the sustainability and cost-effectiveness of ash-based photocatalytic nanocomposites in the removal of dyes from wastewater. Ash is the most abundant by-product derived from industrial and agricultural practices. Due to its remarkable adsorption capacity and interesting physicochemical properties, ash has emerged as one of the promising support materials for photocatalysts. The nanocomposites show enhanced degradation efficiency for various dyes by exploiting the synergistic effects of ash's adsorption capabilities and the photocatalytic activity of semiconductor materials. This review discusses synthesis methods, characterization techniques, and photocatalytic performance of ash-based nanocomposites in detail and discusses the challenges associated with stability, reusability, and practical implementation in industrial applications. Highlighting the "waste to wealth" strategy, the review underscores the dual benefits of mitigating environmental issues associated with ash disposal and advancing sustainable wastewater treatment solutions. Future research directions are proposed to optimize performance and scalability.
Seroprevalence and molecular surveillance for dengue virus infections among febrile patients and mosquito vectors in Ogbomoso, Nigeria
Authors: Johnson Oluwaniyi Dada  , Oladele Oluyinka Opaleye  , Chris Igbeneghu  , Olusola Ojurongbe  , Rosemary Ajuma Audu  , Shaibu Ojonugwa Ojonugwa Joseph
Published: December 2024

Background: Dengue fever is a leading cause of illness and death in tropical and subtropical regions. The World Health Organization estimates that there are 390 million dengue infections each year, of which 96 million manifest apparently.
Objectives: This study aimed to determine the seroprevalence and molecular surveillance of dengue viral infections among febrile patients and mosquito vectors in Ogbomoso, Nigeria.
Materials and Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted between February and July 2024 in Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria. Four hundred serum samples from febrile patients of all ages and mosquito vectors were collected. Serum samples were analyzed using DENV RDT kit for IgM and IgG and RT-PCR, while the mosquito samples were subjected to only RT-PCR. Malaria co-infection was detected using an RDT kit confirmed microscopically. Chi-square tool was used to determine the association between socio-demographics, clinical features and risk factors among the febrile patients.
Result: Of the 400 participants, 126(31.5%) were males and 274(68.5%) were females. Dengue IgG was detected in 223/400(55.8%), while DENV IgM was found in 12/400(3.0%), and 165/400(41.3%) had neither IgG nor IgM. Co-infections with malaria were found in 70/400(31.4%) for IgG and 4/400(33.3%) for IgM. All serum samples and mosquitoes were negative for DENV RNA by RT-PCR. The highest infection rates for IgM were in the 11-20 and 21-30 age groups. Environmental and behavioral factors, such as improper water storage and proximity to bushes were not significantly associated with dengue seropositivity.
Conclusion: This study provides evidence that dengue virus is circulating in Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria. The high rate of coinfection between DENV IgM and malaria, advocates for routine serological screening of febrile patients for both infections, improved diagnostic capacity, and targeted public health interventions to control and prevent dengue outbreaks. Therefore, dengue virus tests should be included in the routine test for aetiology of fever to avoid misdiagnosis
Oil palm FFB supply chain for wetland and dryland plantations: Case Study in Banyuasin Regency
Authors: Ghirana Hananita Dauratri  , Edward Saleh  , Hilda Agustina
Published: December 2024

This research aims to identify the optimal marketing supply chain strategy for palm oil FFB in Banyuasin Regency using the SWOT method. It evaluates strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats in the supply chain, prioritizing the best strategies. Data was collected through questionnaires and interviews, combining quantitative and qualitative insights. The findings place the smallholder palm oil industry in Quadrant 1 of the IFAS (3.28) and EFAS (2.69) matrix, indicating strong internal strengths and external opportunities. The proposed Strength-Opportunity (SO) strategy includes production efficiency, continuous training, adoption of best practices and technologies, and leveraging regulatory support such as subsidies and incentives. This approach aims to optimize distribution, improve FFB quality, and enhance the competitiveness of the smallholder palm oil industry in Banyuasin Regency.
An analysis of golf tourism in Thailand
Authors: Aphisavadh Sirivadhanawaravachara
Published: December 2024

The current research paper offers a comprehensive and extensive review of golf tourism in Thailand through a considered analysis of its historical development, current state, driving factors, challenges, and future opportunities. It points out the nearness of the sector to the integration into the broader tourism sector, while it underlines the role it has played in economic development and the leisure tourism industry. It underlines the significance of effective marketing strategies aimed at attracting international golfers to maintain Thailand's position as a key destination, based on an in-depth analysis of the motivation of tourists, the distinctive characteristics of Thai golf tourism, and the trends of emerging demographics. The historical background very beautifully traces the origin of golf in Thailand and goes deep into its evolutionary process as it began to take shape into one of the important sports activities for recreation among locals and visitors. Assessment of the present state amazingly shows that across the country, golf courses have grown leaps and bounds, each with a different and incomparable charm in the form of breathtaking picture destinations. Factors that have been identified to drive and make golf tourism successful and highly attractive include favorable weather conditions in Thailand, remarkable affordability, world-class golf facilities, and endorsement by top celebrities. The paper also considers emerging challenges facing golf tourism in Thailand with a focused lens on sustainability. Notably, with the dire need for environmentally friendly golf course practices and responsible resource management, the study sheds invaluable light on how to minimize the possible negative impacts of golf tourism on the environment and to encourage sustainable development in the sector. Moreover, careful consideration of the very competitive nature evident within the regional market suggests that to remain competitive, innovation and improvement within the general concept of golf tourism must be a continuing process. This paper identifies strategic development plans, investment in infrastructure, and cooperation among stakeholders that will enable Thailand to command its leadership as the unequivocal number one destination for golf tourism in Southeast Asia. The significance of this study, both comprehensive and pioneering, within the sport management literature provides considerable insight into both golf tourism operators and other tourism professionals looking to capitalize on the opportunities that this fast-growing and highly lucrative market in Thailand has to offer. With a keen interest in trying to take advantage of this growing sector, Thai tourism professionals should consider the profound knowledge and suggestions from this research to ensure sustainable growth, improving the experiences of visitors, both for enthusiasts of golf and other travelers alike.
Evaluation of the chemical composition of fresh and dried pepper (Piper nigrum) produced in Côte D’Ivoire
Authors: Moussa Coulibaly  , Antoinette Béhibolo Yoboue  , Doudjo Soro  , Emmanuel Nogbou Assidjo
Published: December 2024

In this study, we evaluate the chemical quality of fresh and dried pepper grown in Côte d'Ivoire. Sampling was carried out on the basis of pedological data provided by the Association of Côte d'Ivoire Pepper Producers. Samples were then collected over a period of two (2) years. The results show that the fresh and dried pepper samples with the highest water content came from Niablé (69.55%) and Assouba (14.32%) respectively. The highest total sugar values for fresh pepper samples were found in Guibéroua (6.44 mg). Dried pepper samples with the highest total sugar content came from Guibéroua (7 mg). The highest reducing sugar contents in fresh and dried peppers were found in samples collected successively in Niablé (2.86 mg) and Danané (3.20 mg). Fresh pepper samples collected in Lopou (5.58%) showed the highest ash content. Dried pepper samples with the highest ash content were recorded from PK 103 (5.63%). Fresh pepper samples from Maféré (14.33 g) and Azaguié (14.33 g) contained the highest values. The highest protein contents were found in dried pepper samples from Niablé (14.55 g) and Maféré (14.33 g/100g). The highest piperine values were found in fresh pepper samples from Maféré (7.05 g). Dried pepper samples from Maféré (7.36 g) showed the highest piperine content. Fresh pepper samples with the highest essential oil content were from Maféré (1.93 mL). Dried pepper samples from Maféré (7.36 g) had the highest piperine content.
Finally, the chemical parameters analyzed are very important for the development of the organism.
Analysis implementation system control internal government in Indonesia
Authors: Tia Novira Sucipto
Published: December 2024

Law No. 1 of 2004 concerning the Treasury of the State shall preserve the President as the Head of Government regulating and organizing the Government's Internal Control System in Indonesia. In 2008, the Government of Indonesia issued Government Regulation Number 60 of 2008 concerning the Government's Internal Control System to implement the provisions of Article 58 paragraph (2) in Law Number 1 of 2004. The internal control system adopted in Indonesia was adopted from the concept of internal control was made by the 1992 Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO). Since the enactment of Government Regulation Number 60 of 2008 counted for 10 years the regulation has come into force. However, the policy contained in Government Regulation Number 60 Year 2008 has not been fully implemented in government governance in Indonesia. This can be seen from the results of the government internal control system maturity evaluation conducted by BPKP until March 2018 which shows the maturity level of SPIP which is still far from the target with the majority of Institutions still below level 3 or far from level 5 (optimum level) and weaknesses of the Internal Control System The government found by the Supreme Audit Agency in the examination of 2015-2017. Factors that can hinder the implementation of the government's internal control system in Indonesia include: (a) Weakness in terms of content and context of the Policy, (b) Absence of sanctions, (c) Inadequate judgment (d) Errors in translating orders, (e) Management neglect, (f) Collusion.
Ethological observations from gestation to adulthood in Albino Rats: A case study
Authors: Eshita Pandey  , Zeba Afroz
Published: December 2024

This case study was done to explore and understand the ethological behavior patterns of female albino rats within a controlled laboratory environment. Their behavior was observed to help us provide insights into the underlying mechanisms governing reproductive behavior. The study encompasses behavior and morphological observations of female albino rats from the time they conceive, give birth, raise their young ones till they are weaned and are self-sufficient. This study involves behaviors like territoriality, reproductive behavior, nesting behavior, maternal care, foraging, weaning etc. This case study provides a detailed examination and empirical evidence of the behavioral observations of female albino rats and thus leading to better understanding and cognition of animal behavior.
Digitalization of existing buildings to support renovation processes: a comparison of procedures
Authors: Bernardini Elena , Dalprà Michela , Maracchini Gianluca , Massari Giovanna A. , Albatici Rossano
Published: December 2024

The low energy efficiency in our built environment underscores the urgent need to renovate existing buildings and implement cost-effective interventions. Increasing end-user awareness and providing a clear framework for efficient workflows for professionals to widely adopt renovation best practices is critical. Digital technologies are crucial in this context, as they streamline the renovation process by reducing time, costs, and errors and improving interoperability. A major application of these technologies in the Architecture, Engineering, and Construction (AEC) sector involves organising data into digital models that can manage various process stages, from planning to monitoring. The initial data collection on existing buildings is essential, yet current methods are often expensive and time-consuming. Although research has explored the trade-off between accuracy and feasibility in data acquisition and processing, a balanced approach that considers the affordability of survey methods and the effectiveness of the resulting data for further modelling has yet to be finalised. This study compared three data acquisition and processing strategies based on their limitations, potential, and requirements for BIM-based digital modelling. Despite some limitations in detailed roof and façades geometrical modelling, all methods were suitable for energy performance simulations. Results provide insights into optimising digital acquisition methods for large-scale renovations.
Analysis of The Use of Learning Media in The Holistic Curriculum of IPAS Subjects At Elementary School 33 Waimnir Southwest Papua
Authors: Jusmida  , Rosidah Cholifah Tur , Rosmiati
Published: December 2024

Learning media is one of the components in the learning process that can help teachers convey learning material so that children can have an interest in the learning material presented. This study aims to describe the results of the analysis of the Use of Learning Media in the Holistic Curriculum of IPAS Subjects at Elementary School 33 Waimnir, Southwest Papua. The research method uses a qualitative approach is a research approach that aims to understand the phenomenon in depth and thoroughly. The subject of this research is class IV (four) students totaling 17 people at State Elementary School 33 Waimnir Southwest Papua. The results stated that the right learning media is very important in supporting student learning. The selection of appropriate learning can help students to understand the learning material delivered by the teacher. Learning media can provide concrete experience and as an intermediary that helps students learn. It can be concluded that the use of learning media has a positive impact on the learning progress of SD Negeri 33 Waimnir students in Southwest Papua, including increased understanding of the material, learning motivation, and active involvement in the learning process.
Human Best Practice Science Learning Model on Human Respiratory System Material
Authors: Hayu Wiworo Retnadi Rias , Sondakh Delfina Christie , Febriani Regina
Published: December 2024

The success of the learning process really depends on the teacher's teaching. The aim is to find out what learning models are usually used by a teacher and how to apply these models to the learning process. This research uses a qualitative interview and observation approach. The results of this research, the model that is often used is the project based learning model and interestingly the learning is carried out by making human respiratory system teaching aids which are affordable and interesting. In conclusion, teachers choose methods based on the complexity of the material and learning objectives, where theory is conveyed through discussions or lectures, while concrete concepts are understood through experiments.
Implementasi Manajemen Program Tahsin Metode Tilawati dalam Peningkatan Kualitas Pembelajaran Al-Qur'an di MI Bani Ridwan
Authors: Khamima Bilqis Auliatul , Thohir Muhammad
Published: December 2024

This research carefully reviews the implementation of the tilawati method management in Al-Qur'an learning at MI Bani Ridwan. The focus is to investigate how to implement the tilawati method with students. The research subjects involved include ustadz, ustadzah, santri, and the object is the implementation of the tilawati method in learning to read the Koran at MI Bani Ridwan. In collecting data, researchers used various techniques such as observation, interviews. The collected data is then described in the discussion. The research results show that good management of the Tilawati Method Tahsin program contributes significantly to the success of the program. Management strategies involving regular training for teachers, regular evaluations, and the use of technology in teaching have proven effective. This success is reflected in the deep and precise understanding of the ustadz and ustadzah in implementing appropriate management in the tilawati method tahsin program. By using the tilawati method, Al-Qur'an learning at MI Bani Ridwan is able to create an environment that combines both spiritual understanding and academic strengthening with full brilliance.
Promosi Digital dan Pengembangan Wisata Danau Kumbara
Authors: Ashari Zahra Nabila Putri , Tinambungan Wirawati , Mulyana Mulyana , Apriliana Lika , Jofachri Muhammad , Yani Naufal Vigar , Prayogi Wahyu Tri , Ahmad Islamudin
Published: December 2024

Kota Bangun III Village, Kota Bangun Darat District, Kutai Kertanegara Regency, is a village that has the potential for tourism development, namely Kumbara Lake. Kumbara Lake is hte result of post-mining land which was developed into a tourist destination for local communities. The lack of facilities at Kumbara Lake has caused the community’s attractiveness to decrease. Apart from that, the lack information regarding Kumbara lake tourism is one of the factors that causes people not to visit Kumbara Lake. Therefore, the 49th KKN of Universitas Mulawarman has designed several prorams, namely, digital promotion and development of Kumbara Lake tourism. The method implemented is by developing facilities and promotions that are distributed through social media. The results of some of these work programs have been carried out well. The public can see the promotions through social media and the output of the work programs implemented is in form of photo spots and promotions video.
Penerapan Metode Kansei pada Perancangan Mebel Fasilitas Belajar
Authors: Utomo Dutho Suh , Widada Dharma , Guntara Reezha Alva , Wahyudi Khairunnisa , Siagian Siagian , Gloria Jevandra Vablo
Published: December 2024

Pekerjaan Mebel adalah membuat berbagai produk mebel, salah satunya fasilitas belajar. Produk fasilitas belajar perlu memiliki desain yang melibatkan pengguna sehingga lebih user friendly. Untuk dapat memfasilitasi faktor emosi konsumen maka dapat digunakan metode kansei.  Penggunaan rancangan yang sesuai dengan konsumen ini diharapkan menjadikan produk yang dihasilkan mempunyai daya saing terhadap produk serupa dari luar. Tim pengabdian masyarakat sebelumnya telah melakukan penelitian perancangan produk fasilias belajar dengan metode Kansei. Dan kegiatan pelatihan dari tim ini diharapkan dapat menambah pengetahuan para industri kecil mebel di Samarinda cara memproduksi mebel yang melibatkan  persepsi konsumen dan mempunyai daya saing
Optimizing the Cognitive Function of the Elderly Through Health Examinations Using the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) in Efforts to Prevent Dementia
Authors: Anggeriyane Esme , Regita Nurcahyani Amanda , Maretha Amnaria , Nurhalidza Nurhalidza , Hawwa Ni’mah Alya , Auliya Az Zahrah Hafizhatul
Published: December 2024

Lansia merupakan individu yang memasuki usia tua. Pada lansia terjadi beberapa penurunan fungsi baik dari fungsi fisik, psikologis, dan kognitif. Ketika terjadi penurunan kognitif pada lansia artinya lansia akan mengalami penurunan fungsi pada memori atau ingatan, penurunan kesadaran, dan penurunan bahasa. Tujuan dari kegiatan ini untuk mengoptimalisasi fungsi kognitif lansia melalui pemeriksaan kesehatan menggunakan Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) dalam upaya pencegahan demensia di Pengajian Masjid Mujahidin Belitung Darat Banjarmasin. Instrumen yang dipakai pada kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat ini untuk mengetahui fungsi kognitif lansia yaitu SPO Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) yang telah baku dan digunakan oleh profesional. Kegiatan ini dilaksanakan melalui metode wawancara yang mana diawali dengan mengisi lembar kehadiran, pemeriksaan tekanan darah, skrining dengan metode wawancara lalu diakhiri dengan evaluasi hasil pengkajian serta pendidikan kesehatan tentang senam otak dengan media leaflet. Hasil dari kegiatan didapatkan fungsi kognitif peserta berada pada kategori normal sebanyak 14 orang (94%) dan kategori probable gangguan kognitif 1 orang (6%).
Pengenalan Konsep Dasar Rantai Pasok Menggunakan Supply Chain Board Game
Authors: Adelino Muhammad Ilham , Chairi Maiyozzi , Imani Rafki
Published: December 2024

Supply chain is a coordination within a unit of activity related to the transfer of products and services from suppliers to consumers. It is necessary to have transparency of information between these lines to balance upstream and downstream chain lines. Limited information will cause distortion of information which causes a bullwhip effect in the supply chain. The implementation of this Community Service was carried out at the Semen Padang Vocational School. The supply chain game is a learning medium that we provide to the students of the vocational school. The games can be a good basic provision before these students go into the field later. In its implementation, the group that acts as a distributor becomes the sole winner with a total cost of SCG3500.
Pendampingan Pembuatan dan Aplikasi Herbal Probiotik untuk Budidaya Ikan Lele pada Pokdakan RSB Fisheries Family
Authors: Hardi Esti Handayani , Agriandini Maulina
Published: December 2024

The regional and national governments want fish farming to boost the community's income. A tarpaulin tank catfish farming demonstration plot was provided by the Indonesian Ministry of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries to Pokdakan RSB Fisheries Family. Freshly stocked catfish seeds died 100% during growing. Mulawarman University trains and assists Pokdakan in using probiotic herbs to promote catfish seed resilience and growth. On March 23–24, 2024, the Pokdakan Cultivation Pond will host this event. The program begins with an introduction to herbal medicine and fish probiotics, then covers how to create them, how to use them in catfish farming, and survival and growth monitoring. The exercise involved 10 Pokdakan members. This course helps Pokdakan freshwater fish farmers understand the varieties and benefits of herbs and probiotics, their dosage and how to soak and combine them with feed, and how to monitor and diagnose early sickness in catfish fry. Following 2.5 months of maintenance, this activity reduces seed mortality from 100% to 20%, yielding an average harvest weight of 100 g/head.
Penguatan Usaha Mikro, Kecil dan Menengah Melalui Edukasi Penentuan Harga Jual Dalam Menghadapi Persaingan Usaha
Authors: Ulfah Yana , Setiawaty Agus
Published: December 2024

Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) are businesses that are relatively stable and strong in today's high competition. Therefore, efforts to develop MSMEs are very important for the Indonesian economy. Unfortunately, this hope seems to encounter obstacles in the field, especially in terms of operational activities when determining the selling price of the products produced. This activity aims to support the strengthening of MSMEs by providing education about determining product selling prices to business actors. This activity was carried out using lecture methods and intense mentoring for MSME actors. This activity discovered the fact that selling prices were determined based on estimates or market prices alone without considering other important cost components in production. Through this activity, it is hoped that the obstacles faced by MSMEs in determining the right selling price can be resolved so that MSMEs can successfully face business competition and at the same time improve the community's economy.
Pelatihan Pemanfaatan Limbah Organik dalam Pembuatan Eco-enzyme Menuju Lingkungan Sehat di Kelurahan Api-Api
Authors: Yuniarti Desi , Raihan Muhammad , Nurfadilah Andi , Nurdin Nurafifah , Riyanto Irvan Aditya Prabowo , Khoiri Ubaidulloh
Published: December 2024

Sampah organik mendominasi komposisi sampah di Kota Bontang selama lima tahun terakhir. Untuk menuju lingkungan sehat, dapat dilakukan berbagai upaya di tingkat rumah tangga. Salah satu bentuk upaya yang dapat dilakukan untuk mengelola sampah di tingkat rumah tangga, ialah mengolah sampah tersebut menjadi suatu produk yang memiliki nilai guna. Tujuan kegiatan ini adalah memberikan pemahaman pentingnya pengelolaan sampah di lingkungan sekitar dan meningkatkan pengetahuan dan keterampilan para siswa SMP dan SMA di Kelurahan Api-Api dalam pemanfaatan sampah organik menjadi produk eco-enzyme. Peningkatkatan pengetahuan dan keterampilan para siswa, diharapkan pengelolaan sampah organik dapat mengurangi beban pengelolaan sampah di tempat pembuangan sampah (TPS) dan/atau tempat pembuangan akhir (TPA). Kegiatan pelatihan ini dilaksanakan di dua tempat yaitu di  SMP dan SMA YKP Monamas dan di SMK YP Rigomasi Bontang utara, Kota Bontang, Kalimantan Timur dengan 92 peserta. Berdasarkan hasil analisis menggunakan uji Wilcoxon diperoleh bahwa terdapat perbedaan pengetahuan sebelum dan sesudah diadakan penyuluhan dan pelatihan pemanfaatan limbah organik dalam pembuatan eco-enzyme menuju lingkungan sehat di Kelurahan Api-api.
Pembuatan Lilin Aromaterapi Berbahan Dasar Propolis Di Wisata Kebun Kelulut Desa Sangatta Selatan Kabupaten Kutai Timur
Authors: Purwasi Yessa , Cahyani Neja Mujini Salbitha , Fitrianto Rahmad , Patandinan Abigail , Wahyuni Sri , Malik Maharani Dwi , Ramma Mardianto Tandi
Published: December 2024

Kebun Kelulut, yang terletak di Desa Sangatta Selatan, Kutai Timur, merupakan destinasi wisata agrosilvopastura yang mengembangkan lebah kelulut sebagai bagian dari upaya pelestarian dan pemberdayaan masyarakat. Program ini memanfaatkan propolis lebah Trigona sp. untuk pembuatan lilin aromaterapi sebagai inovasi produk turunan dengan nilai ekonomi tinggi. Propolis dicairkan pada suhu 60°C dengan metode ditim untuk menjaga kualitasnya, menghasilkan 80 mL propolis cair dari 200 gram bahan. Aroma khas propolis dihilangkan dengan penambahan minyak atsiri aroma lily, yang bertujuan untuk memberikan manfaat relaksasi seperti menenangkan pikiran dan mengurangi kecemasan. Proses pembuatan melibatkan pemasangan sumbu lilin yang diposisikan dengan hati-hati di wadah, diisi dengan campuran propolis dan minyak atsiri, dan didinginkan hingga mengeras. Program ini tidak hanya meningkatkan keterampilan masyarakat dalam memproduksi lilin aromaterapi, tetapi juga berkontribusi pada pengembangan ekonomi lokal dan pelestarian lingkungan. Inisiatif ini menunjukkan potensi besar pemanfaatan propolis dalam produk aromaterapi serta peran penting pemberdayaan masyarakat dalam mengoptimalkan sumber daya lokal.