bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
3D MODELLING THE INVISIBLE USING GROUND PENETRATING RADAR
Authors: Agrafiotis P. , Lampropoulos K. , Georgopoulos A. , Moropoulou A.
Published: February 2017

Abstract. An interdisciplinary team from the National Technical University of Athens is performing the restoration of the Holy Aedicule, which covers the Tomb of Christ within the Church of the Holy Sepulchre in Jerusalem. The first important task was to geometrically document the monument for the production of the necessary base material on which the structural and material prospection studies would be based. One task of this action was to assess the structural behavior of this edifice in order to support subsequent works. It was imperative that the internal composition of the construction be documented as reliably as possible. To this end several data acquisition techniques were employed, among them ground penetrating radar. Interpretation of these measurements revealed the position of the rock, remnants of the initial cave of the burial of Christ. This paper reports on the methodology employed to construct the 3D model of the rock and introduce it into the 3D model of the whole building, thus enhancing the information about the structure. The conversion of the radargrams to horizontal sections of the rock is explained and the construction of the 3D model and its insertion into the 3D model of the Holy Aedicule is described.
A GEOMETRIC PROCESSING WORKFLOW FOR TRANSFORMING REALITY-BASED
3D MODELS IN VOLUMETRIC MESHES SUITABLE FOR FEA
Authors: Gonizzi Barsanti S. , Guidi G.
Published: February 2017

Abstract. Conservation of Cultural Heritage is a key issue and structural changes and damages can influence the mechanical behaviour of artefacts and buildings. The use of Finite Elements Methods (FEM) for mechanical analysis is largely used in modelling stress behaviour. The typical workflow involves the use of CAD 3D models made by Non-Uniform Rational B-splines (NURBS) surfaces, representing the ideal shape of the object to be simulated. Nowadays, 3D documentation of CH has been widely developed through reality-based approaches, but the models are not suitable for a direct use in FEA: the mesh has in fact to be converted to volumetric, and the density has to be reduced since the computational complexity of a FEA grows exponentially with the number of nodes. The focus of this paper is to present a new method aiming at generate the most accurate 3D representation of a real artefact from highly accurate 3D digital models derived from reality-based techniques, maintaining the accuracy of the high-resolution polygonal models in the solid ones. The approach proposed is based on a wise use of retopology procedures and a transformation of this model to a mathematical one made by NURBS surfaces suitable for being processed by volumetric meshers typically embedded in standard FEM packages. The strong simplification with little loss of consistency possible with the retopology step is used for maintaining as much coherence as possible between the original acquired mesh and the simplified model, creating in the meantime a topology that is more favourable for the automatic NURBS conversion.
DEVELOPMENT OF A VIRTUAL MUSEUM INCLUDING A 4D PRESENTATION
OF BUILDING HISTORY IN VIRTUAL REALITY
Authors: Kersten T. P. , Tschirschwitz F. , Deggim S.
Published: February 2017

Abstract. In the last two decades the definition of the term “virtual museum” changed due to rapid technological developments. Using today’s available 3D technologies a virtual museum is no longer just a presentation of collections on the Internet or a virtual tour of an exhibition using panoramic photography. On one hand, a virtual museum should enhance a museum visitor's experience by providing access to additional materials for review and knowledge deepening either before or after the real visit. On the other hand, a virtual museum should also be used as teaching material in the context of museum education. The laboratory for Photogrammetry & Laser Scanning of the HafenCity University Hamburg has developed a virtual museum (VM) of the museum “Alt-Segeberger Bürgerhaus”, a historic town house. The VM offers two options for visitors wishing to explore the museum without travelling to the city of Bad Segeberg, Schleswig-Holstein, Germany. Option a, an interactive computer-based, tour for visitors to explore the exhibition and to collect information of interest or option b, to immerse into virtual reality in 3D with the HTC Vive Virtual Reality System.
FLAT VERSUS HEMISPHERICAL DOME PORTS IN UNDERWATER
PHOTOGRAMMETRY
Authors: Menna F. , Nocerino E. , Remondino F.
Published: February 2017

Abstract. Underwater photogrammetry, like its counterpart in 'air', has gained an increasing diffusion thanks to the availability of easy-to-use, fast and often quite inexpensive software applications. Moreover, underwater equipment that allows the use of digital cameras normally designed to work in air also in water are largely available. However, for assuring accurate and reliable 3D modelling results a profound knowledge of the employed devices as well as physical and geometric principle is even more crucial than in air. This study aims to take a step forward in understanding the effect of underwater ports in front of the photographic lens. In particular, the effect of dome or flat ports on image quality in 3D modelling applications is investigated. Experiments conducted in a semi submerged indust rial structure show that the tested flat port performs worse than the dome, providing higher image residuals and lower precision and accuracy in object space. A significant different quality per colour channel is also observed and its influence on achievable processing results is discussed.
TOWARDS THE ENHANCEMENT OF "MINOR" ARCHAEOLOGICAL
HERITAGE
Authors: Morandi S. , Tremari M. , Mandelli A.
Published: February 2017

Abstract. The research is an analysis of the recording, reconstruction and visualisation of the 3D data of a XVIII century watermill, identified in an emergency archaeological excavation during the construction of the mini-hydroelectric plant on the bank of the Adda river in the municipality of Pizzighettone (Cremona, Lombardy, Italy). The work examines the use and the potentials of modern digital 3D modelling techniques applied to archaeological heritage aimed to increase the research, maintenance and presentation with interactive products. The use of three-dimensional models managed through AR (Augmented Reality) and VR (Virtual Reality) technologies with mobile devices gives several opportunities in the field of study and communication. It also improves on-site exploration of the landscape, enhancing the “minor” archaeological sites, daily subjected to numerous emergency works and facilitating the understanding of heritage sites.
TOWARDS GUIDED UNDERWATER SURVEY USING LIGHT VISUAL ODOMETRY
Authors: Nawaf M. M. , Drap P. , Royer J. P. , Merad D. , Saccone M.
Published: February 2017

Abstract. A light distributed visual odometry method adapted to embedded hardware platform is proposed. The aim is to guide underwater surveys in real time. We rely on image stream captured using portable stereo rig attached to the embedded system. Taken images are analyzed on the fly to assess image quality in terms of sharpness and lightness, so that immediate actions can be taken accordingly. Images are then transferred over the network to another processing unit to compute the odometry. Relying on a standard ego-motion estimation approach, we speed up points matching between image quadruplets using a low level points matching scheme relying on fast Harris operator and template matching that is invariant to illumination changes. We benefit from having the light source attached to the hardware platform to estimate a priori rough depth belief following light divergence over distance low. The rough depth is used to limit points correspondence search zone as it linearly depends on disparity. A stochastic relative bundle adjustment is applied to minimize re-projection errors. The evaluation of the proposed method demonstrates the gain in terms of computation time w.r.t. other approaches that use more sophisticated feature descriptors. The built system opens promising areas for further development and integration of embedded computer vision techniques.
FISHEYE LENSES FOR 3D MODELING: EVALUATIONS AND CONSIDERATIONS
Authors: Barazzetti L. , Previtali M. , Roncoroni F.
Published: February 2017

Abstract. Fisheye lenses are becoming more popular in complete image-based modelling projects of small and narrow spaces. The growing interest in fisheye lenses is confirmed by the availability of different commercial software incorporating a fisheye camera model. Such software are now able to carry out the steps of the image processing pipeline in a fully automated way, from camera calibration and orientation to dense matching, surface generation, and orthophoto production. This paper highlights the advantages (and disadvantages) of fisheye lenses when used for 3D modelling projects through different commercial software. The goal is not only a comparison of commercial software, but also an analysis of the additional issues that arise when a fisheye lens is used for 3D modelling. Results confirm that a fisheye lens is suitable for accurate metric documentation, especially when limited space is available. On the other hand, additional issues where found during the camera calibration/image orientation step as well as the texture generation and orthophoto production phases, for which particular attention is required.
The deep Earth origin of the Iceland plume and its effects on regional surface uplift and subsidence
Authors: Barnett-Moore Nicholas , Hassan Rakib , Flament Nicolas , Müller Dietmar
Published: February 2017

Abstract. The present-day seismic structure of the mantle under the North Atlantic Ocean indicates that the Iceland hotspot represents the surface expression of a deep mantle plume, which is thought to have erupted in the North Atlantic domain during the Palaeocene. The spatial and temporal evolution of the plume since its eruption is still highly debated, and little is known about its deep mantle history. Here, we use palaeogeographically constrained global mantle flow models to investigate the evolution of deep Earth flow beneath the North Atlantic since the Jurassic. The models show that over the last ∼ 100 Myr a remarkably stable pattern of convergent flow has prevailed in the lowermost mantle near the tip of the African Large Low-Shear Velocity Province (LLSVP), making it an ideal plume nucleation site. We extract model dynamic topography representative of a plume beneath the North Atlantic region since eruption at ∼ 60 Ma to present day and compare its evolution to available offshore geological and geophysical observations across the region. This comparison confirms that a widespread episode of Palaeocene transient uplift followed by early Eocene anomalous subsidence can be explained by the mantle-driven effects of a plume head ∼ 2500 km in diameter, arriving beneath central eastern Greenland during the Palaeocene. The location of the model plume eruption beneath eastern Greenland is compatible with several previous models. The predicted dynamic topography is within a few hundred metres of Palaeocene anomalous subsidence derived from well data. This is to be expected given the current limitations involved in modelling the evolution of Earth's mantle flow in 3-D, particularly its interactions with the base of a heterogeneous lithosphere as well as short-wavelength advective upper mantle flow, not captured in the presented global models.
Analysis of ice shelf flexure and its InSAR representation in the grounding zone of the Southern McMurdo Ice Shelf
Authors: Rack Wolfgang , King Matt A. , Marsh Oliver J. , Wild Christian T. , Floricioiu Dana
Published: February 2017

Abstract. We examine tidal flexure in the grounding zone of the McMurdo Ice Shelf, Antarctica, using a combination of a TerraSAR-X repeat-pass radar interferometry, a precise digital elevation model, and GPS ground validation data. Satellite and field data were acquired in tandem between October and December 2014. Our GPS data show a horizontal modulation of up to 60 % of the vertical amplitude at tidal periods within a few km of the grounding line. We ascribe this to bending stresses and account for it using a simple elastic beam model. The horizontal surface strain is removed from nine differential interferograms to obtain precise vertical bending curves. This processing step allows us to identify a fixed (as opposed to tidally migrating) grounding line position and eliminates the possibility of significant upstream bending at this location. The change in apparent vertical motion due to horizontal strain can lead to a systematic mis-location of the interferometric grounding line by the order of up to one ice thickness, or several hundred metres. While our field site was selected in consideration of the simple boundary conditions and low background velocity the findings are relevant to other satellite-based grounding zone studies, particularly those looking at tidally-induced velocity changes or interpreting satellite-based flexure profiles.
Digital Ulcers in Ssc Treated with Oral Treprostinil: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study with Open-Label Follow-up
Authors: Seibold James R. , Wigley Fredrick M. , Schiopu Elena , Denton Christopher P. , Silver Richard M. , Steen Virginia D. , Domsic Robyn , Medsger Thomas A. , Mayes Maureen D. , Chatterjee Soumya , Chung Lorinda , Csuka Mary Ellen , Khanna Dinesh , Collier David , Frech Tracy M. , Molitor Jerry A. , Rothfield Naomi , Herrick Ariane L. , Simms Robert , Pope Janet E. , Baron Murray , Hsu Vivien M. , Peng Stanford L. , Spiera Robert , Fessler Barri J. , Kahaleh Bashar , Varga John , Laliberte Kevin , Wade Michael , Rollins Kristan
Published: February 2017

Background

Prostacyclins are routinely used to treat vascular features of systemic sclerosis (SSc, scleroderma) but require parenteral infusion or inhalation. This study evaluated the safety and efficacy of oral treprostinil in digital ulcers secondary to SSc.

Methods

This was a randomized (1:1) placebo-controlled, multicenter study in adults with SSc and at least one active digital ulcer at entry. Oral treprostinil was administered twice daily and titrated to maximum tolerated dose with clinical assessments at Weeks 5, 10, 15 and 20. The primary endpoint was change in net digital ulcer burden. Secondary outcomes included ulcer healing and prevention, measures of hand function, quality of life, Raynaud phenomenon and global assessments. Simplified data were gathered during open-label follow up.

Results

Enrolled were 147 patients (109F/38M), mean age 48.8 years with SSc of mean duration 10.5 years. At week 20, mean net ulcer burden was reduced −0.43 ulcers on treprostinil (1.80 vs. 1.37) and −0.10 ulcers on placebo (1.61 vs. 1.51; p = 0.20). There were no effects on ulcer healing or prevention, and small, inconsistent effects on Raynaud phenomenon, global assessment, hand function and quality-of-life measures. In open-label follow-up, there was a continued, small reduction in net ulcer burden (-0.52 month 3, n = 104; −0.64 month 12, n = 36). Common adverse effects were headache, nausea, diarrhea, jaw pain, flushing and other gastrointestinal symptoms.

Conclusions

Administration of oral treprostinil twice daily over 20 weeks was associated with small and statistically insignificant reduction in net ulcer burden in comparison to placebo.
BLISTER FARMACÊUTICO: A INFLUÊNCIA DA COR E DOS TIPOS DE FILMES NO ACONDICIONAMENTO DE MEDICAMENTOS
Authors: PEREIRA Diênifer Alves Caixeta , FERREIRA Lilian Abreu
Published: February 2017

É fundamental a seleção adequada do blister no desenvolvimento de um medicamento, de forma a garantir a sua integridade e proteção aos fatores externos, Assim, o objetivo do estudo foi estabelecer através de revisão bibliográfica, o estado da arte do blister como embalagem farmacêutica à luz de sua fundamentação e os tipos de materiais e cores a ele relacionados. Alguns materiais, como o PVC, possuem baixo custo e boa termoformabilidade, entretanto não correspondem às expectativas quanto se faz necessário uma barreira maior a umidade para fármacos altamente higroscópicos. Nestes casos, é recomendado o uso de materiais com uma função de proteção maior, como os laminados combinados PVC/PVDC, PVC/COC/PVC e Aclar®. Filmes do tipo Alumino/Alumínio oferecem resultados mais satisfatórios quando se faz necessária uma alta proteção contra luz, umidade e oxigênio, porém o alto custo do filmes, equipamento e dificuldade do processo, limitam seu uso à fármacos altamente sensíveis.  A coloração do blister também é uma alternativa muito utilizada para fármacos fotossensíveis, tais como a nifedipina, corticosteróides, antibióticos como a tetraciclina, e algumas preparações contendo vitaminas, podendo oferecer, dependendo da cor escolhida, uma redução de 30 a 40% no grau de fotodegradação. Diante disso, a seleção do blister farmacêutico para qualquer que seja a sensibilidade do fármaco, é fator primordial, para que a embalagem cumpra sua função precípua que é de proteger o medicamento permitindo que este chegue de forma íntegra ao consumidor.
HORTA VERTICAL COM GARRAFAS PET: UMA ALTERNATIVA PARA EDUCAÇÃO AMBIENTAL NAS ESCOLAS
Authors: ANDRADE Tâmillis Lopes de , MAZAROTTO Edson José , SILVA Cristiane Bezerra da
Published: February 2017

A reciclagem de produtos descartáveis como garrafas PET pode ser realizada para diminuir o impacto ambiental proveniente de ações antrópicas. O fato é que para isto se faz necessário à conscientização das pessoas, sendo a escola umas das grandes ferramentas para disseminação de informações e sensibilização da comunidade. A participação dos alunos no desenvolvimento e manutenção da horta escolar é de extrema importância, pois estimula a criação de hábitos alimentares saudáveis, aumentando o consumo de hortaliças pelas crianças, bem como, ensina uma forma alternativa para destinação de resíduos descartáveis. Nesse contexto, o presente estudo teve como objetivo construir uma horta vertical utilizando garrafas PET, juntamente com alunos da 6º série de uma escola em Curitiba, promovendo a criação de um espaço verde e buscando inserir os conceitos sobre sustentabilidade e educação ambiental. Durante o desenvolvimento trabalhou-se os conceitos de sustentabilidade, reciclagem e educação ambiental, bem como a reutilização de materiais recicláveis, reduzindo assim a degradação do meio ambiente. Os resultados apresentaram grandes impactos positivos na formação dos alunos, tanto no comportamento ambiental como educacional. O estudo demonstrou que o uso de ferramentas práticas no ensino de educação ambiental são fundamentais na formação dos estudantes, auxiliando no desenvolvimento de uma sociedade mais consciente e de um desenvolvimento sustentável.
De rollen van de wetgever bij de verdeling van schaarse vergunningen
Authors: Wolswinkel C.J.
Published: February 2017

De rollen van de wetgever bij de verdeling van schaarse vergunningen

De wetgever vervult een essentiële rol bij de verdeling van schaarse vergunningen, omdat die de speelruimte van het verdelende bestuur bepaalt. In de praktijk blijkt de wetgever zich echter lang niet altijd bewust te zijn van die rol, waardoor het risico aanwezig is dat het reguleringspotentieel van schaarse vergunningen onvoldoende wordt benut. Deze bijdrage identificeert de verschillende houdingen die de (bijzondere) wetgever in de praktijk aanneemt ten aanzien van de verdeling van schaarse vergunningen. Deze houdingen lopen uiteen van een zwijgende wetgever die weinig tot geen richting geeft aan de verdeling tot een overijverige wetgever die het verdelende bestuur juist verhindert om maatwerk te leveren. Op basis van de vraagstukken die kenmerkend zijn voor de verdeling van schaarse vergunningen, schetst deze bijdrage vervolgens de contouren van optimale verdelingswetgeving. Daarbij wordt bepleit dat de wetgever zich breed oriënteert op het Unierecht, zelf keuzes maakt ten aanzien van kernelementen van de verdeling, tegelijk ruimte durft te laten aan het verdelende bestuur, maar in elk geval oog houdt voor de samenhang tussen verschillende verdelingen.
Verder met rechtsstatelijke toetsing van verkiezingsprogramma’s
Authors: van Lochem P.J.P.M.
Published: February 2017

Verder met rechtsstatelijke toetsing van verkiezingsprogramma’s

Politici spelen een belangrijke rol bij de bescherming van de rechtsstaat, maar er wordt soms betwijfeld of zij die rol waarmaken dan wel voldoende serieus nemen. Het toetsen van verkiezingsprogramma’s van politieke partijen kan een goed middel zijn om in beeld te brengen hoeveel aandacht er daadwerkelijk is voor de rechtsstaat. Dat is echter geen sinecure; zoals uit deze bijdrage blijkt is het al lastig om tot een gedeelde opvatting te komen van wat de rechtsstaat inhoudt. Immers, als de onderzochte partijen zich niet herkennen in het gehanteerde concept zullen zij zich daar ook niet door aangesproken voelen. Internationaal, bijvoorbeeld binnen de VN en Europese Unie is er al enige ervaring opgedaan met het meten van rechtsstatelijkheid binnen staten. Welke indicatoren daarbij worden gebruikt zijn van groot belang voor de uitkomsten van de toetsing, waarbij het risico op versimpeling van de werkelijkheid op de loer ligt. De ervaringen van internationale organisaties hiermee kunnen als bron van inspiratie dienen voor toetsing van verkiezingsprogramma’s op rechtsstatelijkheid en tevens kunnen daar lessen uit worden getrokken. Deze vraag staat in deze bijdrage centraal.
Metodologías de planificación del uso público en espacios protegidos: Antecedentes y perspectivas futuras
Authors: Morea Juan Pablo
Published: February 2017

Los espacios protegidos se enfrentan en la actualidad a grandes problemáticas territoriales. Diversos estudios han demostrado que la efectividad de su manejo presenta importantes deficiencias asociadas a la imposibilidad de compatibilizar actividades de uso y conservación, y en los últimos años ha crecido el interés por planificar el uso público como estrategia para mejorar el manejo de estos espacios. Mediante una extensa revisión bibliográfica de experiencias en distintos países, este trabajo se propuso relevar distintas experiencias recientes para identificar los factores clave de este tipo de procesos, pero también las principales carencias evidenciadas. Las distintas visiones y aportes de las experiencias relevadas contribuyen a la construcción de una perspectiva metodológica sustentada en base a una serie de componentes clave para la planificación del uso público en estos espacios. De forma complementaria, a partir de los resultados de este estudio  se han podido  identificar perspectivas de planificación que podrían guiar iniciativas de esta índole en el futuro próximo.
Popular vs. Professional Aspects of Economics Texts in English
Authors: Brekke Magnar
Published: February 2017

This article takes up the important issue of distinguishing popular from professional texts using economic texts as the object of analysis. It reports on a limited corpus study of authentic texts produced by native English professionals and published for na-tive English readers, but differing in the nature of intended audience (lay/expert). Economics/electronic money transactions constituted the textual domain/subdomain, and the dominant text type was expository. Following a basic quantitative check and a tentative readability ranking the text samples were scrutinized with respect to lexical profile, frequency band penetration, terminological density and uniqueness. A detailed collocation study was then made of focal multi-word terms as well as personal pronouns. Standard corpus techniques were employed in exposing regularities and produ-cing supporting documentation. At the same time possible reflections of communicative situation, pragmatic purpose and semiotic significance were noted. An attempt was then made to integrate such internal (“linguistic”) and external (“situational”) var-iables as revealed by a comprehensive textual analysis in a synopsis intended to bring out a possible clustering of features. The general question to which an answer was sought was to what extent is each perspective necessary and/or sufficient in defining the textual genre?
The Emergence of a New Genre: Advertising on the Internet (netvertising)
Authors: Fortanet Immaculada , Palmer Juan Carlos , Posteguillo Santiago
Published: February 2017

This article describes the specific characteristics of internet genres. These  genres are characterized by the net system, a specific interlanguage, hypertext, the multimedia effect and an interactive audience. Netvertising is analysed as a representative example of an internet genre. A set of 20 first web pages of banner ads has been studied. The parameters considered are the following ones: http linkers, images used, integration of visuals with text, objectives of the ad, register, audience, overall page length, sentence length, verb tenses, punctuation marks and personal pronouns. Results show that most net ads are short texts. This conciseness is offset by a wider use of other devices such as punctuation marks, images and http linkers. Banner ads are based on an elaboration of images, with the text used, mainly a variety of brief sentences and noun phrases.
Fiduciary Duties, Conflict of Interest, and Proper Exercise of Judgment
Authors: Valsan Remus
Published: February 2017

One of the foremost problems of fiduciary law theory is the imprecise understanding of what a situation of conflict of interest involves. The mainstream contemporary legal literature on fiduciary duties is premised on the dual assumption that, on the one hand, humans are inclined to act self-interestedly and, on the other hand, they are too weak to consciously resist this urge while managing another person’s interests. Although these assumptions may be true in many cases of breach of fiduciary duties, they do not suffice to explain why fiduciary duties are imposed in situations where a fiduciary’s good faith and honesty cannot be questioned. This article proposes a novel understanding of the notion of conflict of interest. Building on insights from cognitive psychology, behavioural economics, and philosophy, this article defines a conflict of interest as the situation where a person, who has a duty to exercise judgment for the benefit of another, has an interest that tends to interfere with the proper exercise of his or her discretion. The emerging interdisciplinary theory of conflicts of interest shows that personal or extraneous interests interfere with a decision maker’s judgment in unpredictable ways, despite the decision maker’s honest efforts to keep them aside. This theory offers a more persuasive rationale for the strictness of fiduciary liability. It also offers a potent argument against the recent calls to relax the strict fiduciary regime in commercial contexts.
The Sexual Assault of Older Women: Criminal Justice Responses in Canada
Authors: Grant Isabel , Benedet Janine
Published: February 2017

This article examines sexual violence against older women, a problem that has been largely hidden from view in the societal and legal discussion of sexual assault. The article identifies a significant disconnect between the social science description of sexual assault against older women, on the one hand, and the available case law, on the other. The social science literature suggests that older women are most likely to be sexually assaulted by somebody they know and that a disproportionate number of the sexual assaults against older women take place within care facilities. The case law, however, paints a very different picture of sexual violence against older women—a majority of the reported cases involve women attacked in their homes by strangers in the context of a robbery or home invasion. We argue that this portrayal of sexual violence against older women in the case law resembles that of the case law of sexual assault against younger women thirty years ago, before the women’s movement brought acquaintance and spousal sexual assault into the public eye. We conclude that these types of sexual assaults continue to be under-reported for older women, and we explore some of the reasons for the failure of the criminal justice system to respond to this group of complainants.
The Rate of Productive Tillers per Plant of Winter Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Cultivars under Different Sowing Densities
Authors: Kondić Danijela , Bajić Maja , Hajder Đurađ , Bosančić Borut
Published: February 2017

The aim of this two‒year research was to determine the rate of productive tillers per plant of different winter wheat cultivars under different sowing densities in the agroecological conditions of Banja Luka. NS 40S, Prima and Nova Bosanka wheat cultivars were sown at eight different sowing densities: 384, 424, 451, 504, 544, 584, 588 and 604 seeds m-2. The experiment was set up in the open field, and each wheat cultivar was sown at different sowing density in four replications. Statistical analysis was performed using factorial analysis of variance 2×8×3 while significant differences between treatments were tested by LSD test. The highest average rate of productive tillers per plant was achieved for the winter wheat cultivar NS 40S (2.29). The highest average rate of productive tillers per plant was achieved at sowing density of 384 seeds m-2 and the lowest at sowing density of 588 seeds m-2.
ANANALYTICAL STUDY OF MARBLE CONSOLIDATION BY OXALATE PRECIPITATION USING DENSITY, FTIR AND POWDER-XRD MEASUREMENTS
Authors: Terzu Rihana , Baraj Edlira , Förester Christiane , Kropf Holger , Xhaxhiu Kledi , Come Marsilda
Published: February 2017

Our recent study on consolidation of marble samples with the purpose of culture heritageprotection occurred by periodical calcium oxalate precipitation on top of quasi parallelepipedicsamples. The overall process consisting of three stages of treatment, starting with 5 % calciumacetate solution for 60 minutes at 20°C, a draining step at 70°C for 30 min, followed by a treatmentwith 5 % ammonium sulfate solution, it followed with the third stage which includes the treatmentwith 5% ammonium oxalate solution revealed a continuous density increace, determined usingethanol. As the natural samples had an initial density of 2.5871 g/cm3, it increased up to 2.6980g/cm3 for 50 times treatments. The precipitation of oxalate on top of calcium carbonate substrate, inform of calcite, revealed two distinguished infra-red bands, at 1316 cm-1and 1624 cm-1unsymmetrically located around the carbonate one at 1426 cm-1.The intensity of the bands wasproportional to the number of treatments. The continuous surface coverage investigated in parallelby powder XRD evidenced the presence of whewellite crystallites deposited on top of calcite, andtheir intensity increasing as well with the number of treatments. This method exhibits a reliableoxalate coverage of marble sample surfaces which doesn’t influence considerably their watersolubility.
Biologically plausible learning in recurrent neural networks reproduces neural dynamics observed during cognitive tasks
Authors: Miconi Thomas
Published: February 2017

Neural activity during cognitive tasks exhibits complex dynamics that flexibly encode task-relevant variables. Chaotic recurrent networks, which spontaneously generate rich dynamics, have been proposed as a model of cortical computation during cognitive tasks. However, existing methods for training these networks are either biologically implausible, and/or require a continuous, real-time error signal to guide learning. Here we show that a biologically plausible learning rule can train such recurrent networks, guided solely by delayed, phasic rewards at the end of each trial. Networks endowed with this learning rule can successfully learn nontrivial tasks requiring flexible (context-dependent) associations, memory maintenance, nonlinear mixed selectivities, and coordination among multiple outputs. The resulting networks replicate complex dynamics previously observed in animal cortex, such as dynamic encoding of task features and selective integration of sensory inputs. We conclude that recurrent neural networks offer a plausible model of cortical dynamics during both learning and performance of flexible behavior.
Sensitivity to image recurrence across eye-movement-like image transitions through local serial inhibition in the retina
Authors: Krishnamoorthy Vidhyasankar , Weick Michael , Gollisch Tim
Published: February 2017

Standard models of stimulus encoding in the retina postulate that image presentations activate neurons according to the increase of preferred contrast inside the receptive field. During natural vision, however, images do not arrive in isolation, but follow each other rapidly, separated by sudden gaze shifts. We here report that, contrary to standard models, specific ganglion cells in mouse retina are suppressed after a rapid image transition by changes in visual patterns across the transition, but respond with a distinct spike burst when the same pattern reappears. This sensitivity to image recurrence depends on opposing effects of glycinergic and GABAergic inhibition and can be explained by a circuit of local serial inhibition. Rapid image transitions thus trigger a mode of operation that differs from the processing of simpler stimuli and allows the retina to tag particular image parts or to detect transition types that lead to recurring stimulus patterns.
Transient inflammatory response mediated by interleukin-1β is required for proper regeneration in zebrafish fin fold
Authors: Hasegawa Tomoya , Hall Christopher J , Crosier Philip S , Abe Gembu , Kawakami Koichi , Kudo Akira , Kawakami Atsushi
Published: February 2017

Cellular responses to injury are crucial for complete tissue regeneration, but their underlying processes remain incompletely elucidated. We have previously reported that myeloid-defective zebrafish mutants display apoptosis of regenerative cells during fin fold regeneration. Here, we found that the apoptosis phenotype is induced by prolonged expression of interleukin 1 beta (il1b). Myeloid cells are considered to be the principal source of Il1b, but we show that epithelial cells express il1b in response to tissue injury and initiate the inflammatory response, and that its resolution by macrophages is necessary for survival of regenerative cells. We further show that Il1b plays an essential role in normal fin fold regeneration by regulating expression of regeneration-induced genes. Our study reveals that proper levels of Il1b signaling and tissue inflammation, which are tuned by macrophages, play a crucial role in tissue regeneration.
The 9th Iranian Stroke Congress
Authors: EJ Golzari Samad , Zamani Babak , Amir Hejazi Seyed , Sharifipour Ehsan
Published: February 2017

Stroke is considered as the second and first factor contributing to the mortality and morbidity, respectively, in the developing countries like Iran. Thanks to the development of the public health awareness and establishment of the required infrastructures, the incidence of the communicable diseases has declined immensely in Iran. On the other hand, the mean age of the population is increasing; this increase is inevitably accompanied by the augmented impact of the other stroke risk factors such as hypertension, hyperlipidemia, smoking etc. Consequently, not only the incidence of stroke has increased but also the onset age has decreased significantly; according the latest population-based study in Iran, the incidence of stroke has increased to 20-150 in 100000, yet the onset age is 10 years less than Europeans or Americans.Fortunately, serious and abundant measures have been taken within the recent years through social movements, conferences, mass media, social networks, and beneficiary associations. The integrated program of developing Stroke Units all over the country is seriously being monitored by the Iranian Stroke Association, Medical Sciences Universities and neurologists from all over the country. Stroke is currently the center of attention of the researchers and academia in Iran and numerous large studies in this regard are currently being conducted.The 9th Iranian Stroke Congress was held after many years of the endeavor of Iranian neurologists to promote stroke treatment in their home county despite numerous obstacles. After 2 years of a continuous national campaign, they started and are to pursue modern standards in stroke treatment on a nation-wide scale. Throughout this event, some achievements of this campaign such as promoting the knowledge of neurologists and other medical professionals active in the field of stroke treatment were further reviewed. To achieve further educational goals, educational courses and lectures in the fields of stroke medicine, neurosonology, and interventional neurology were provided. We hope that these educational goals have been realized with the assistance of the prominent lecturers from all over the world and also participants from all other countries.
The Comparative Study Of Efficiency Of Intravenous Heparin And Oral Aspirin On 48 Hours Beginning Primary Medication In Ischemic Stroke Patients
Authors: Asadi Seyed Ehsan
Published: February 2017

Objective: This study was done for comparing efficiency of Intravenous Heparin and Oral Aspirin among patients who had cerebral thrombi embolitic vascular accidents. Effectives of Heparin and Aspirin on prognosis and recovery of these patients were evaluated. Method: This study was a clinical randomized trial. Patients were classified randomly in one of the heparin (n=40) and one group Aspirin (n=40) treatment. At first in the Heparin treatment group, patients were medicated by Heparin 100 IU/kg and then it was followed by 1000IU/hour for 48 hours. In the Aspirin treated group, whom took 325mg/day for 48 hours. The effectiveness of both treatments were evaluated after 48 hours on neuro-muscular, speech, vision, and sphincter function.Results: The results showed that both treatments were effective on improvement of neuro-muscular, speech, vision, and sphincter function, while Heparin effectiveness was more than Aspirin. Improvement of Nervous function in the Heparin group was 53.2% in compare of 31.2% for Aspirin (p=0.40). In addition, in the Heparin treatment group 59.6% of muscular dysfunction was attained optimum muscular function in compare of 30.7% with Aspirin (p=0.001). It was found significant relation for improvement of speech function in Heparin treatment group (P=0.01). There were not a significant finding relation for improvement of vision, and sphincter function between Heparin and Aspirin treated groups.Conclusion: Beginning primary medication with Heparin would be effective for achieving optimum function among patients with cerebral thrombi embolitic vascular accidents.
The Possible Role Of Toll-Like Receptor 4 In The Pathology Of Stroke
Authors: Allahtavakoli Mohammad , Shamsizadeh Ali , Roohbakhsh Ali , Moghadam-Ahmadi Amir , Rahmani Mohammad Reza , Bazmandegan Gholamreza
Published: February 2017

Stroke is a prevalent and dangerous health problem, which triggers an intense inflammatory response to Toll-like receptors (TLRs) activation. TLRs are the essential components of innate immunity system response, and therefore, they are one of the key factors involved in recognizing pathogens and internal ligands. Among TLRs, TLR4 significantly participates in the induction of inflammation and brain functions, hence, it has been hypothesized that this molecule is associated with several brain immune-related diseases such as stroke. It has also been proved that animals with TLR4 deficiency have higher protection against ischemia and the absence of TLR4 reduces the neuroinflammation and injuries associated with brain trauma. TLR4 deficiency may play a neuroprotective role in the occurrence of stroke. This article will review recent information regarding the impact of TLR4 in the pathogenicity of stroke.
An enhanced recombinant amino‐terminal acetylation system and novel in vivo high‐throughput screen for molecules affecting α‐synuclein oligomerisation
Authors: Eastwood Tara A. , Baker Karen , Brooker Holly R. , Frank Stefanie , Mulvihill Daniel P.
Published: February 2017

Amino‐terminal acetylation is a ubiquitous protein modification affecting the majority of eukaryote proteins to regulate stability and function. We describe an optimised recombinant expression system for rapid production of amino terminal‐acetylated proteins within bacteria. We go on to describe the system's use in a fluorescence based in vivo assay for use in the high‐throughput screen to identify drugs that impact amino‐terminal acetylation‐dependent oligomerisation. These new tools and protocols will allow researchers to enhance routine recombinant protein production and identify new molecules for use in research and clinical applications.
The N terminus of cGAS de‐oligomerizes the cGAS:DNA complex and lifts the DNA size restriction of core‐cGAS activity
Authors: Lee Arum , Park Eun‐Byeol , Lee Janghyun , Choi Byong‐Seok , Kang Suk‐Jo
Published: February 2017

Cyclic GMP‐AMP synthase (cGAS) is a DNA‐sensing enzyme in the innate immune system. Recent studies using core‐cGAS lacking the N terminus investigated the mechanism for binding of double‐stranded (ds) DNA and synthesis of 2′,3′‐cyclic GMP‐AMP (cGAMP), a secondary messenger that ultimately induces type I interferons. However, the function of the N terminus of cGAS remains largely unknown. Here, we found that the N terminus enhanced the activity of core‐cGAS in vivo. Importantly, the catalytic activity of core‐cGAS decreased as the length of double‐stranded DNA (dsDNA) increased, but the diminished activity was restored by addition of the N terminus. Furthermore, the N terminus de‐oligomerized the 2 : 2 complex of core‐cGAS and dsDNA into a 1 : 1 complex, suggesting that the N terminus enhanced the activity of core‐cGAS by facilitating formation of a monomeric complex of cGAS and DNA.
Enhanced CRISPR/Cas9‐mediated biallelic genome targeting with dual surrogate reporter‐integrated donors
Authors: Wu Yun , Xu Kun , Ren Chonghua , Li Xinyi , Lv Huijiao , Han Furong , Wei Zehui , Wang Xin , Zhang Zhiying
Published: February 2017

The clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)/CRISPR‐associated protein 9 (Cas9) system has recently emerged as a simple, yet powerful genome engineering tool, which has been widely used for genome modification in various organisms and cell types. However, screening biallelic genome‐modified cells is often time‐consuming and technically challenging. In this study, we incorporated two different surrogate reporter cassettes into paired donor plasmids, which were used as both the surrogate reporters and the knock‐in donors. By applying our dual surrogate reporter‐integrated donor system, we demonstrate high frequency of CRISPR/Cas9‐mediated biallelic genome integration in both human HEK293T and porcine PK15 cells (34.09% and 18.18%, respectively). Our work provides a powerful genetic tool for assisting the selection and enrichment of cells with targeted biallelic genome modification.
Retraction: IRF9 inhibits human acute myeloid leukemia through the SIRT1‐p53 signaling pathway
Authors: Tian Wen‐Liang , Guo Rong , Wang Fang , Jiang Zhong‐Xing , Tang Ping , Huang Yu‐Min , Sun Ling
Published: February 2017

The above article from FEBS Letters, published online on the 18th of February 2017 in Wiley Online Library (http://wileyonlinelibrary.com) has been withdrawn by agreement between the Journal Managing Editor Felix Wieland and John Wiley & Sons Ltd., on behalf of the Federation of European Biochemical Sciences. The withdrawal has been agreed following repeated attempts by the journal and publisher to contact the authors regarding the publication of their article. Since no responses from the authors have been received the journal is unable to complete publication.
Net community production and carbon export during the late summer in the Ross Sea, Antarctica
Authors: DeJong Hans B. , Dunbar Robert B. , Koweek David A. , Mucciarone David A. , Bercovici Sarah K. , Hansell Dennis A.
Published: February 2017

The phytoplankton bloom in the Ross Sea is the largest in spatial extent and one of the most productive in Antarctica, yet the fate of the summer bloom remains poorly understood. Here we present carbon system data from the first biogeochemical process cruise to be conducted in both the western and central Ross Sea during late summer (February–March 2013). Using one‐dimensional carbon budgets, we found evidence for substantial positive net community production (425 ± 204 mmol C m−2 d−1) during the late summer in Terra Nova Bay (TNB) of the western Ross Sea, which was rapidly exported to below 200 m. In addition, seasonally integrated carbon export was higher in diatom‐dominated TNB (7.3 ± 0.9 mol C m−2) compared to the Phaeocystis antarctica‐dominated central Ross Sea (3.4 ± 0.8 mol C m−2). Substantial late summer productivity and export may be a widespread phenomenon in Antarctic coastal regions that is not accounted for in regional carbon models.
Correlations of surface ocean pCO2 to satellite chlorophyll on monthly to interannual timescales
Authors: Fay Amanda R. , McKinley Galen A.
Published: February 2017

On the mean, ocean carbon uptake is linked to biological productivity, but how biological variability impacts carbon uptake is poorly quantified. Our ability to diagnose past change, understand present variability, and predict the future state of the global carbon cycle requires improving mechanistic understanding in this area. Here we make use of colocated pCO2 and temperature data, a merged surface ocean color product, and physical fields from an ocean state estimate to assess relationships between surface ocean biology and the carbon cycle on seasonal, monthly anomaly, and interannual timescales over the period 1998–2014. Using a correlation analysis on spatial scales from local to basin‐scale biomes, we identify the timescales on which ocean productivity could be directly modifying ocean carbon uptake. On seasonal timescales outside of the equatorial Pacific, biome‐scale correlations are negative between chlorophyll and pCO2. Though this relationship is pervasive, the underlying mechanisms vary across timescales and biomes. Consistent with previous findings, biological activity is a significant driver of pCO2 seasonality only in the subpolar biomes. For monthly anomalies acting on top of the mean seasonality, productivity and pCO2 changes are significantly correlated in the subpolar North Pacific and Southern Ocean. Only in the Southern Ocean are correlations consistent with a dominant role for biology in the surface ocean carbon cycle on all timescales.
Statistical azimuthal structuring of the substorm onset arc: Implications for the onset mechanism
Authors: Kalmoni N. M. E. , Rae I. J. , Murphy K. R. , Forsyth C. , Watt C. E. J. , Owen C. J.
Published: February 2017

The onset of an auroral substorm is generally thought to occur on a quiet, homogeneous auroral arc. We present a statistical study of independently selected substorm onset arcs and find that over 90% of the arcs studied have resolvable characteristic spatial scales in the form of auroral beads. We find that the vast majority (~88%) of auroral beads have small amplitudes relative to the background, making them invisible without quantitative analysis. This confirms that auroral beads are highly likely to be ubiquitous to all onset arcs, rather than a special case phenomena as previously thought. Moreover, as these auroral beads grow exponentially through onset, we conclude that a magnetospheric plasma instability is fundamental to substorm onset itself.