bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
RESEARCH ON THE OPERATION OF THE ELECTROMECHANICAL SYSTEM OF AN AUTONOMOUS PHOTOELECTRIC PUMPING STATION
Authors: Oleksandr Voznyak Oleksandr Voznyak , Shtuts Andrii , Bulyha Andrii
Published: September 2023

The work is dedicated to the investigation and analysis of the operation of the electromechanical system of an autonomous photovoltaic pumping station. Photovoltaic pumping stations are essential components of sustainable development, enabling efficient utilization of solar energy for independent water pumping.
The study provides a detailed analysis of the structure and operation principles of the photovoltaic pumping station. Key components of the system, such as solar panels, electronic controllers, electromechanical pumps, and energy storage, were studied. Various methods for maximizing energy output from solar panels and optimizing the efficiency of pumping systems were examined.
The research results revealed that the effective functioning of the photovoltaic pumping station depends on the precise balance of electromechanical components, optimal utilization of solar energy, and efficient management of electronic systems. Recommendations were put forth for improving the system's efficiency and reliability.
Within the study, it was established that a crucial factor in the successful function of the photovoltaic pumping station is the selection of the optimal type of solar panels and their positioning to ensure maximum solar energy collection. The issue of storing excess energy to maintain system stability during periods of limited solar irradiation was also addressed.
Moreover, the study included modeling and experimental research of various operational modes of the pumping station, including load variation and solar activity fluctuations. This provided crucial data regarding the dynamics and compliance of system operation with planned parameters.
An important aspect of the research was evaluating the efficiency and economic viability of the photovoltaic pumping station in comparison with traditional energy sources for water supply. It was found that in some cases, the use of photovoltaic energy could be a more economically advantageous and environmentally cleaner solution.
Overall, the results of this scientific work hold significant practical value for sustainable energy development and the utilization of renewable energy sources. The investigation of the operation of the electromechanical system of an autonomous photovoltaic pumping station contributes to a deeper understanding of the technological, economic, and environmental aspects of such systems.
In conclusion, this research provides a deeper insight into the functioning principles of autonomous photovoltaic pumping stations and can serve as a foundation for further studies in the field of renewable energy utilization.
ANALYSIS OF THE STATE AND SETTING OF THE TASK REGARDING OUTPUT ASSESSMENTNITROGEN DIOXIDE (NO2) WITH EXHAUST GASES TRACTOR ENGINES
Authors: Anisimov Viktor , Yelenych Anatoliy , Ryaboshapka Vadim
Published: September 2023

By the end of the 20th century, humanity faced the problem of the need to protect itself. The action of a number of complex interrelated factors has led to a violation of the biological balance in our world, in the system man - nature. The rapid development of scientific and industrial civilization, the demographic explosion, the insufficient requirements for environmental protection that were imposed on the developing industry in the past, the gradual reduction of free, uncultivated and forest territories, as well as the unplanned development of urban areas contributed to the disappearance of some forms of flora and fauna. Faced with the threat of gradual extinction, man finally understood that in order to protect the biological balance in nature, it is necessary to start a general war for the purity of air, water and land. In the international arena, this problem is recognized as one of the important ones.
The appearance of smog was first recorded in Los Angeles in the late 1940s. Its cause was excessive air pollution by industrial and transport emissions. In 1952, the phenomenon of smog was observed in London. It caused catastrophic consequences - about 4,000 people became its victims, who died due to an increase in the number of respiratory diseases under the influence of smog.
The exhaust gases produced by the combustion of the air-fuel mixture in the internal combustion engine contain pollutants such as carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxides (NOx), hydrocarbons (HC) and particulate matter (PM), which are very harmful to humans and the environment.
Nitrogen oxides, which are formed at high temperature and excess oxygen, are especially toxic. Both of these conditions are present in the process of fuel combustion in any engine, but especially a lot of them are formed in a diesel engine, since the air entering its cylinders is not throttled and there is always an excess of it. In addition, a high temperature occurs in the combustion chambers, and the higher it is, the more nitrogen oxides are formed. For these reasons, a diesel engine emits much more nitrogen oxides in the exhaust gases compared to a gasoline engine.
FUNCTIONAL-COST ANALYSIS OF THE ANTI-LOCK BRAKING SYSTEM (ABS) OF CARS
Authors: Borysiuk Dmytro , Tverdokhlib Igor , Kupchuk Ihor , Bevz Ihor
Published: September 2023

Functional-cost analysis is a method that has a heuristic nature and is used to identify opportunities to reduce costs and improve the quality of an object, which is considered as a system with a functional orientation at all stages of its life cycle.
This article considers the application of functional cost analysis for the anti-lock braking system of cars. As part of this study, a functional model of the car's anti-lock braking system was developed and its functions were classified.
The classification of functions within the framework of the functional model of the anti-lock braking system of cars was also carried out. To determine the utility coefficients of this system, a matrix of priorities was built using a known calculation method.
When designing technical or production systems, the general cost criterion takes into account costs at all stages of the system's life cycle. For this evaluation, a matrix of anti-lock braking system of cars was created, which allows to compensate the cost factor.
The results of the study are the construction of a diagram of the utility of the functions of the anti-lock braking system of cars, a diagram of the location of the system functions taking into account the utility factor, a functional cost diagram of the system, a diagram of the costs of the system functions, a diagram of the location of the system functions taking into account the cost factor, a diagram of the value of the indicator of the functional cost of the system functions, and diagrams of the location of system functions with the calculation of the functional cost indicator.
Based on the analysis of this diagram, the functions of the anti-lock braking system of the car were determined, which have a positive functional value indicator and the highest rating among the functional functions. operations or functions that have the highest functional value indicator and rank.
MATHEMATICAL MODEL OF THE AUTOMATION OF THE COMMON RAIL SYSTEM DIAGNOSTIC PROCESS OF THE YAMZ-5340 SERIES DIVIGUNS
Authors: Borysiuk Dmytro , Tverdokhlib Igor , Kupchuk Ihor , Tsurkan Oleksandr
Published: September 2023

Failures of systems and mechanisms of the internal combustion engine are among the first among the total number of failures of tractors and cars. To determine them, a significant number of methods and means of determining the technical condition (diagnosis) are used. Functional-cost analysis is a heuristic method aimed at identifying the possibilities of reducing the cost and increasing the quality of the object, which is considered as a system with an orientation to a functional approach at all stages of its life cycle.
This scientific article presents a functional and cost analysis of the anti-lock braking system of cars. A functional model of this system was developed and its functions were classified.
The classification of the functions of the functional model of the anti-lock braking system of cars is also presented. The utility coefficients of this system are actually determined by constructing a matrix of advantages according to the known methodology.
The generalizing cost criterion in the design of technical and production systems takes into account costs at all stages of the system's life cycle. To estimate these costs, a matrix of the anti-lock braking system of cars was created, with which the cost factors are calculated.
Constructed function utility diagrams, function location, function-cost and cost diagrams allowed to use the functions of the anti-lock braking system of cars, which have a positive function-cost indicator and the highest rating among the presented functions. Such an operation or functions, marked by the highest functional value indicator and rank, are key to the further development of the system or the achievement of the goal of the analysis.
Good Governance and Tourism in South Asian Emerging Economies: The Mediating Role of Foreign Direct Investment
Authors: Ullah Sami , Ullah Hamid , Abdulaziz Saleh Al-Faryan Mamdouh , Hamid Ali Shah Syed
Published: September 2023

This study examined the role of good governance in promoting tourism in emerging South Asian countries and also tested the mediating role of foreign direct investments (FDI). The study used panel data collected from seven South Asian countries from 1996 to 2018. Panel data regression
models were estimated to test the research hypotheses. The results showed that the country’s good governance has a positive and significant influence on tourism receipts and arrivals. Moreover, the mediation analysis results supported that foreign direct investments mediated the relationship
between good governance indicators like government effectiveness, political stability, voice and accountability, and control over corruption and tourism. Based on the results, the study proposed the governance-led FDI and FDI-led tourism hypotheses, the study’s main contribution. The
study has implications for the government regulatory agencies relating to governance, tourism departments, foreign prospect investors, and policymakers.
Substitutes or Complements? Evidence of the Relationship Between Air and Cruise Tourism
Authors: Spencer Nekeisha , Strobl Eric , Khadan Jeetendra , Seecharan Ranita
Published: September 2023

This article estimates the relationship between cruise and air tourism and their impact on economic growth in the Caribbean. To this end, we assemble a monthly data set of cruise and air tourist arrivals and a satellite-derived economic wealth proxy for 21 Caribbean islands over the
period 2000‐2013. The estimates from a panel vector autoregression model not only demonstrate that cruise and air tourism are substitutes but it is the former for which this effect appears to be more permanent. Further, our analysis shows that while air tourism has a more immediate economic
impact, cruise tourism has more long-term economic benefits. Our findings highlight the need for implementing policies to increase the value of cruise tourism to local economies as well as the effective management of revenue generation.
Dietary Fiber Enteral Nutrition Accelerates Recovery Patients Undergoing Gynecological Laparoscopic Surgery
Authors:   Department of Gynecology, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050031, China, Li Miao , Di Pengchong ,   Department of Gynecology, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050031, China, Liu Kun ,   Department of Gynecology, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050031, China, Gao Ting ,   Department of Gynecology, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050031, China, Wu Mingkun ,   Department of Gynecology, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050031, China, Sun Kejuan ,   Department of Gynecology, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050031, China
Published: September 2023

The influence of dietary fiber enteral nutrition support on promoting the recovery of intestinal function in patients who underwent gynecological laparoscopic surgery was investigated. To this end, patients were given dietary fiber (treatment group) or nondietary (control group) fiber enteral nutrition support after surgery, and the recovery time of bowel sounds, the time of first anal exhaustion, and defecation between the two groups were compared. After surgery, the recovery time of bowel sounds, the time of first anal exhaust and defecation in the treatment group were shorter than the control group (P < 0.05). Serum D-lactic acid, diamine oxidase, c-reactive protein, interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, and procalcitonin levels in the treatment group were lower than those in the control group (P < 0.05). However, albumin, pre-albumin, and transferrin levels in the treatment group were higher than those in the control group (P < 0.05). The occurrence of postoperative intestinal complications in the treatment group was lower relative to the control group (P < 0.05). To sum up, enteral nutrition containing dietary fiber can improve the intestinal barrier function and nutritional status of patients undergoing gynecological laparoscopic surgery, reduce the inflammatory response, and accelerate the recovery of gastrointestinal function.
Skin Carotenoid Score as an Important Prognostic Factor for Predicting Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Middle-Aged Subjects
Authors:   Department of Electrical Engineering, National Dong Hwa University, No. 1, Sec. 2, Da Hsueh Rd., Hualien 97401, Taiwan, Wu Hans Hsientsai , Chen Jian-Jung ,   Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 97002, Taiwan,   Department of Chinese Medicine, Taichung Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Taichung 42743, Taiwan, Chen Yi-Chuan ,   Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 97002, Taiwan,   School of Post-Baccalaureate Chinese Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 97002, Taiwan, Haryadi Bagus ,   Department of Physics, Universitas Ahmad Dahlan, Jendral A. Yani Street, Kragilan, Tamanan, Kec. Banguntapan, Bantul, Yogyakarta 55191, Indonesia
Published: September 2023

This study aimed at identifying middle-aged subjects at risk for developing type 2 diabetes mellitus using noninvasive skin carotenoid and vascular function measurements. To this end, 61 subjects (40–65 years of age) without type 2 diabetes mellitus (Group A, Hemoglobin A1c < 6.5%) and 69 subjects (40–65 years of age) with type 2 diabetes mellitus (Group B, Hemoglobin A1c ≥ 6.5%) were recruited (Table 1). The skin carotenoid score was recorded using spectroscopy-based skin carotenoid measurements that approximate dietary fruit and vegetable intake. Endothelial function and heart rate variability were measured for the two groups and correlated with skin carotenoids scores. The daily vegetable and fruit intake was positively correlated with the skin carotenoids score in both groups (Group A, r = 0.598, p < 0.001; Group B, r = 0.449, p < 0.001). There were also significant differences in skin carotenoids score, indices of endothelial function, and heart rate variability between the subjects in group A and group B. There was a negative correlation between skin carotenoids score and individual determinants of metabolic syndrome, including high-density lipoprotein (r = −0.361, p = 0.009), waist circumference (r = −0.450, p < 0.001), fasting blood sugar (r = −0.713, p < 0.001), and Hemoglobin A1c (r = −0.808, p < 0.001); however, systolic blood pressure showed no significant correlation (p = 0.06). In conclusion, carotenoids and cardiovascular parameters are reliable predictive factors of type 2 diabetes mellitus in middle-aged subjects.
Urgensi Kompetensi Guru dalam Mencetak Anak Didik yang Unggul dan Berkarakter
Authors: Yasin Roychan
Published: September 2023

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kegiatan guru dalam mempersiapkan pembelajaran di sekolah. Pembelajaran adalah suatu kondisi dimana di dalamnya terdapat kegiatan yang melibatkan antara guru dan siswa, dimana guru bertanggung jawab atas setiap kegiatan yang berlangsung selama di sekolah. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan library reseach, yaitu dengan mengkaji beberapa literatur terkait dengan kompetensi guru. Penulisan artikel ini bertujuan untuk memaparkan tentang pentingnya kompetensi guru dalam pembelajaran. Untuk mewujudkan pembelajaran yang menyenagkan tersebut harus ada empat kompetensi yang dimiliki oleh guru, komponen berupa pedagogik, kepribadian, sosial, dan professional.
Kata kunci: pedagogik, sosial, kepribadian, professional
Exploring Self-Concept as A Career Determinant for Students of Islamic Education Counseling Guidance Study Program: Study on BKPI IAIN Students Curup Semester VI Year 2021/2022
Authors: Rizal Syamsul
Published: September 2023

This research is a descriptive qualitative research. The tempat of this research is IAIN Curup, Rejang Lebong Regency. The subject of the study was a student of BKPIconcentration semester VI. Data collection techniques by means of observation, interviews, documentation. Data analysis techniques by means of data collection, data presentation, and conclusions. From the research, it can be seen that knowledge regarding self-concept is many research subjects. BK students' knowledge of their overall self-concept is still looking for their identity and potential, the expectations of BK PI students regarding careers are not all interested in education.
Keywords: self-concept, career, BKPI
Implementasi Metode Think Pair Share (TPS) pada Pembelajaran Al-Qurâ€™an Hadits Madrasah Tsanawiyah
Authors: Munawwarah Mamdudatul
Published: September 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana penerapan metode Think Pair Share(TPS) pada mata pelajaran Al-Qurâ€™an Hadis kelas VII MTs Miftahul Ulum Ulun, dan untuk mengetahui apakah terdapat peningkatan hasil belajar siswa dengan diterapkannya metode Think Pair Share pada mata pelajaran Al-Qurâ€™an Hadis kelas VII MTs Miftahul ulum Ulun. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian tindakan kelas (PTK) yang terdiri dari tiga siklus. Masing-masing siklus terdiri dari empat tahapan yakni perencanaan, pelaksanaan, pengamatan, dan refleksi. Dengan menggunakan instrumen tes berupa soal pre test dan lembar observasi aktivitas guru dan siswa. Subjek penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas VII MTS Miftahul Ulum Ulun Jarin Pademawu tahun pelajaran 2022/2023 dengan jumlah 31 siswa, terdiri dari 23 siswa laki-laki dan 8 siswa perempuan. Penelitian ini memperoleh hasil sebagai berikut: dalam penerapan metode think pair shareterdapat peningkatan hasil belajar siswa disetiap siklusnya. Dimana nilai rata-rata hasil belajar pra penelitian sebesar 69 dan pada siklus I nilai rata-rata hasil belajar siswa meningkat menjadi 72 Adapun pada siklus II meningkat lagi dengan nilai rata-rata 82 dan pada siklus III menjadi 85..Kata kunci: Think Pair Share, Hasil Belajar Siswa
Sosiologi Tasawuf dalam Communo-Sufism Pemikiran Hadi Al-Alawy
Authors: Hadziq Abdulloh
Published: September 2023

Penelitian ini mengambil kajian dari wacana tasawuf-sosiologi Abdul Kadir Riyadi dan tulisan Abdul Kadir Riyadi yang berjudul "Heterodoksi Tasawuf: Hadi al-Alawi dan Gagasan tentang Komuno-Sufisme" yang berisi tentang Tasawuf dan Komunisme oleh Hadi al-Alawy. Tasawuf-Sosiologi mencoba menemukan pola pengaruh dan peran tokoh atau ajaran tasawuf secara nyata terhadap masyarakat. Sedangkan Komuno-Sufisme adalah gagasan Hadi al-Alawy yang coba dibedah melalui pendekatan sosiologi tasawuf.Kata kunci: Sosiologi-tasawuf, Komunisme, Sufism
Pendidikan Akhlak Pesrpektif Syekh Kholil Bangkalan dan Relevansinya terhadap Pendidikan Agama Islam
Authors: Hamdani Ahmad Agil , Saifulah Saifulah , Kirom Askhabul
Published: September 2023

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Pendidikan akhlak yang sesuai dengan ajaran Islam akan membentuk generasi muda yang kuat secara mental dan tidak mudah terpengaruh oleh arus modernisasi. Syekh Kholil Bangkalan adalah seorang ulama kharismatik dan tokoh tasawuf yang juga merupakan guru dari para pendiri lembaga pendidikan pesantren ternama di Indonesia. Konsep Pendidikan Akhlak menurut Syekh Kholil Bangkalan bahwa manusia pada prinsipnya terdiri dari dua dimensi yaitu dimensi materi (fisiologis) dan dimensi immateri (psikologis). Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pendidikan akhlak perspektif Syekh Kholil Bangkalan dan relevansinya terhadap pendidikan agama Islam. Penelitian ini menggunakan jenis penelitian kepustakaan dengan pendekatan deskriptif kualitatif. Sumber data yang digunakan adalah data primer dan data sekunder yang dikumpulkan melalui studi kepustakaan. Analisis data yang dilakukan meliputi reduksi data dan penyajian data. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pendidikan akhlak menurut Syekh Kholil Bangkalan mencakup dasar-dasar akhlak dan Islam dalam rangka mencapai kemanusiaan dan kebahagiaan di dunia dan akhirat. Relevansi pendidikan akhlak Syaikhona Muhammad Kholil dapat ditemukan dalam Kitab Al Matnu asy Syarif buku Biografi Syaikhona Muhammad Kholil Guru Para Ulama dan Pahlawan Nasional dan buku K.H. M. Kholil, yaitu mengutamakan moral dan akhlak, mengutamakan ilmu agama, dan implementasi dalam praktik.
Kata Kunci: Pendidikan Akhlak, Syekh Kholil Bangkalan, Pendidikan Agama Islam
Relasi Turats dan Hadatsah : Komparasi Pendekatan Hasan Hanafi dan Muhammad Abid Al-Jabiri
Authors: Effendi Ahmad
Published: September 2023

Artikel ini berisi uraian tentang pendekatan Hasan Hanafi dan Muhammad Abid Al-Jabiri dalam memahami hubungan turats dan hadatsah. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk membandingkan kedua pendekatan pemikir tersebut tentang turat dan hadatsah. Metode penelitian didasarkan sepenuhnya pada metode penelitian kepustakaan (library research) untuk referensi dan sumber primer dan sekundernya. Di antara temuan penelitian adalah: pertama, Hasan Hanafi dan Muhammad Abid Al-Jabiri berpikir bahwa turats murni baik, dan bisa menjadi alternatif untuk mencapai modernitas, terutama di masyarakat Arab serta komunitas Muslim pada umumnya. Kedua, keduanya menolak pembacaan dan pemahaman tradisionalis dan liberalis tentang turats karena mereka tidak memberikan dampak yang signifikan terhadap kemajuan. Ketiga, kedua pemikir ini mempelajari turats dan hadatsah melalui pendekatan filosofis. Akhirnya, pemikiran mereka dipengaruhi oleh beberapa pemikiran yang telah dikembangkan sebelumnya.
Kata Kunci : Turats, Hadatsah.
Pembunuhan Khalifah Utsman Bin Affan Sebagai Anarkisme Politik
Authors: Maimun Ach.
Published: September 2023

Anarkisme politik kubu oposisi yang menyebabkan terbunuhnya Khalifah Utsman bin Affan adalah peristiwa politik kelam dalam sejarah umat Islam awal umat Islam dengan rentetan dampak serius di masa berikutnya. Kajian ini memfokuskan pada aspek-aspek Post-Truth yang ada dalam pertiwa tersebut serta bagaimana ia bekerja menggerakkan kubu oposisi untuk tidak lagi peduli dengan informasi yang objektif. Kajian ini menggunakan teori Post-Truth dengan melacak data dari sumber-sumber otoritatif sejarah Islam untuk mengungkap fakta-fakta sebenarnya yang banyak dibahas para ahli sejarah. Ini dimaksudkan untuk memastikan bahwa tuduhan nepotis dan korup kepada Khalifah Utsman hoaks. Selanjutnya dilakukan identifikasi aspek-aspek Post-Truth yang terdapat dalam rangkaian peristiwa ini. Dari kajian ini dapat disimpulkan aspek-aspek Post-Truth dalam anarkisme politik atas kekuasaan Khalifah Utsman terbagi menjadi tiga: (1) pengabaian terhadap fakta dalam penggantian gubernur dengan anggota keluarganya, melindungi anggota keluarga yang bersalah, tuduhan korupsi pada dalam penjualan ghanimah dari penaklukan kawasan Afrika Utara serta hadiah yang diberikan anggota keluarga; (2) penafian realitas secara lebih luas dalam konteks nepotisme dalam konteks negara monarkhis dan tidak adanya penolakan di beberapa daerah yang pejabatnya adalah keluarga Utsman, pejabat yang diangkat menenuhi syarat, (3) Lenyapnya moralitas publik yang munculkan gerakan anarkis dengan tindakan intoleran sehingga menyebabkan terbunuhnya khalifah Utsman.Kata kunci: Post-Truth, Politik Islam, Khalifah Usman, Anarkisme Politik
Assessing the Role of Mass Media in Reducing the Menace of Insecurity in North-East Nigeria
Authors: Bappayo Abubakar
Published: September 2023

Terrorism refers an unlawful violence or any other unlawful harmful act committed against civilians by groups or persons for political or other ideological goals, a premeditated, politically motivated violence perpetrated against non-combatant targets by sub national groups or clandestine agents, usually intended to influence an audience. Since the emergence of Boko Haram terrorist group in the North-East Nigeria in 2002, human lives had been lost to their attacks in thousands. The killings have continued unabated until recently that they are being gradually overcome. Employing agenda setting theory, this study aimed at assessing the roles of mass media in reducing the menace of insecurity in North-East Nigeria. The study found among others that mass media can help to reduce the insecurity menace by articulation and pursuit of the national interests, conveying information to the people and security agencies, speaking out against societal ills and vices, providing informed criticism and viable alternatives to public policies on security matters and monitoring the performance of government security agencies and other concerned agencies. The study made additional recommendations on the roles that mass media can play in tackling insecurity in the region.
Rhetoric and the Philosophy of Christianity in Clive Staples Lewis’ Works: A Case of Mere Christianity
Authors: Utulu Anthony
Published: September 2023

This study discussed rhetoric and the philosophy of Christianity in Clive Staples Lewis' Mere Christianity. It focused on how C.S. Lewis used rhetorical symbols, key terms, and clusters around them to induce his readers' actions. The cluster criticism approach was adopted. Katz and Lazarsfeld's 1955 Personal Influence theory explained how opinion leaders or rhetors indirectly establish the media (print) effects. The cluster criticism method analysis revealed how C.S. Lewis deliberately influenced readers using key terms and clusters.
An Assessment of the Broadcast Media Campaign against Drugs Abuse in Nigeria
Authors: Adediran Ismail Adesina
Published: September 2023

The use of drugs to cure and heal the body system has been of irreplaceable value to humanity. In other words, it is practically impossible, if not impossible, to dispose of drugs. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), drug means any substance or product that is used or intended to be used to modify the physiological system or pathological state for the benefit of the recipient or user. Different scholarly studies have shown that drugs are useful to boost the immune and metabolic systems of a living being. However, the misuse and abuse of drugs have been problematic issues for the wellbeing of society. As a matter of fact, the abuse of drugs has been on the rise among youths in Nigeria. On a daily basis, many youths in Nigeria consume and abuse different drugs and substances such as heroin, cocaine, marijuana, codeine, amphetamines, narcotics, and the like that produce high dependence. This undoubtedly exposed many Nigerian youths to different harmful health conditions, such as deterioration and weak physical appearance, and irresponsible attitudes like stealing and fighting, among others. Hence, the aim of this paper is to critically examine the use and impacts of drug abuse or addiction among youths in Nigeria and the effectiveness of broadcast media campaigns against drug abuse in Nigeria. The paper will employ different research methods, such as conceptual analysis, to delineate the meaning of major concepts like drugs, drug abuse, and media; the method of critical assessment will also be used to critically evaluate and assess the impacts of media in the campaign against drug abuse among youths in Nigeria. The paper concludes with an affirmation that the intake of illegal drugs among youths in Nigeria is alarming and, as such, dangerous and harmful to their health. Hence, the paper recommends that the government and Non-government organizations should engage more in media campaigns against drug abuse and also be firm and unbiased in enforcing the laws against lawbreakers, especially youths engaging in the consumption of illegal drugs.
A Quantitative Analysis for Non-Numeric Data
Authors: Frederick Parente , Finley John Christopher , Magalis Christopher
Published: September 2023

This study illustrates the use of an Association Rule General Analytic System (ARGAS) for analyzing non-numeric data. Previous research by Parente, Finley and Megalis (2021) showed how the ARGAS approach could be used to test hypotheses in conventional experimental designs. This study illustrates how ARGAS can be used in exploratory research settings such as single-case research, assessing organization in multi-trial learning experiments, analysis of social media, and case-oriented studies of individuals. This approach to analysis is appropriate in research settings where the units of measure are words, shapes, or other forms of non-numeric data.
Readability and Content Coverage Indices of Three Approved Mathematics Textbooks for Senior Secondary School Three in Akwa-Ibom State
Authors: Opara Ijeoma M. , Enang Theresa Edenowo
Published: September 2023

The study investigated the readability and content coverage indices of three approved mathematics textbooks for senior secondary school three in Akwa-Ibom State. Two research questions and two corresponding hypotheses guided the study. The study adopted utilitarian evaluation research design. Three (3) out of the twelve (12) approved mathematics textbooks were drawn using simple random sampling technique. Purposive and non-proportionate stratified random sampling techniques were used to draw sixty (60) senior secondary school three students from population of 340 SSS3 students from three schools in Etim Ekpo Local Government Area of Ikwa-Ibom State. The instruments used for data collection were the three approved mathematic textbooks, syllabus or scheme of work for SSS3 students and Mathematics Textbook Reading Level Evaluation Questionnaire (MTRLEQ). MTRLEQ was validated by three experts in measurement and evaluation for face and content validities. Gunning Fog Index and Topical Coverage index were used to answer the research questions. One-way analysis of variance (one-way ANOVA) and Linear Chi-square were used to test the hypotheses at 0.05 levels of significance. Based on the findings, it was observed that among the three mathematics textbooks, New General mathematics was read successfully by the students. Recommendations were made among others that mathematics textbooks should be written using simple English at the secondary school level.
Need for Collaboration Between Teachers and Academic Research: Implications for Pedagogy, Knowledge Production and Quality Assurance in Nigerian Schools’ Social Studies Curriculum
Authors: Ekiugbo Uche Ken Emoefe
Published: September 2023

This paper discusses issues of power, privilege, voice and status in educational research and the need for collaborative research between world of Teachers and Academics. Most of the involvement of academics in the teachers’ research movement has been to produce an academic inter programme. Despite the so called revolution in teachers’ research around the world today, where there is a lot of talk about teachers as producers of knowledge, there is still the perception that Academic research is the superior to that of Teachers. Teachers still research in Nigerian schools as an activity conducted by those outside the Nigerian secondary schools classroom for the benefit of the Teachers and Pupils at the primary and Secondary schools in Nigeria. While Teachers feel that academic research is irrelevant to their lives and the pupils, many academics in higher schools in Nigeria dismiss teachers research as trivial, theoretical and inconsequential and hence incapable of addressing the numerous problems facing the education industry in Nigeria. The point here is that both teachers and academics till today in Nigeria still see their enquiries as essentially irrelevant to one another. The political economy of knowledge production and utilization which has accorded a high status and rewards to certain forms of knowledge Production used by teachers sometimes deny the legitimacy of their own knowledge that they have generated through their school based inquiries. Research to most Academics use a specialized language that is outside purview of teachers. Teachers on the other hand feel that academic researchers are largely insensitive to the complex circumstances with which they are faced in their works and frequently feel oppressed and exploited by higher school researchers. The paper therefore discuss the need to correct the present imbalance in knowledge generation and the need to bridge the gap between teacher research and academic research in Social studies using four hypotheses and four questions. Recommendations were made.
Development of a Distribution Free Multivariate Canonical Analysis
Authors: Kysor Kragg , Parente Frederick
Published: September 2023

This study illustrates the use of Median Polish analysis (MP) as a distribution free procedure that can be used to identify multivariate canonical data structures. The MP may be especially useful in situations where the sample sizes are small, or where the distributions do not meet the assumptions of conventional Canonical Correlation analysis (CC). We begin by comparing the CC and MP analyses with a sample multivariate data set. We go on to compare Type 1 error rates for each of these analyses using Monte Carlo procedures in which we manipulated sample size and skewness of the data distributions. Results indicated that Type 1 error was significantly higher for the CC relative to the MP when the distributions were skewed and/or when the sample sizes were n=20 or 30.
Experience in surgical treatment of vertebral metastatic tumors of craniovertebral localization
Authors: Kit O. I. , Zakondyrin D. E. , Rostorguev E. E. , Rostorguev V. E. , Maslov A. A.
Published: September 2023

Purpose of the study. Elaboration of a surgical technique to manage patients with metastatic lesions of the craniovertebral region.

Patients and methods. The study included 7 patients with metastatic lesions of the craniovertebral region, who’ve been operated on for severe instability, pain syndrome, neurological deficit in the period from 01/01/2014 to 09/30/2022. To assess the neurological status and patients’ condition the Frankel and Karnofsky scales were used on the day of admission and discharge of the patients from the hospital. Pain intensity was assessed using a visual analog pain scale (VAS). To assess instability in the affected spinal motion segment the SINS scale was used. All patients underwent palliative surgical treatment in the amount of occipitospondylodesis with a biopsy of the neoplasm from the posterior approach.

Results. The average age of patients was 60 [44; 66] years. All patients had a marked pain syndrome prior to the surgery. The average pain intensity according to the visual analog pain scale was 8 points. In the preoperative period, 6 (85 %) patients on the Frankel scale were assigned to group E, 1 (14 %) – to group C. In 6 (85 %) patients there was no dynamics in the neurological status following the surgery, however according to the Karnofsky scale there was an improvement up to 10 points due to the regression of the pain syndrome down to 1 point on the visual analog scale. Hemiparesis developed in 1 (14 %) patient due to malposition of the laminar hook in the postoperative period. The average duration of surgical interventions made up 337.5 [315; 345] min, the average intraoperative blood loss made up 300 [300; 800] ml. In 6 out of 7 patients (85 %) there was no neurological status dynamics after the surgery, and according to the Karnofsky scale an improvement up to 10 points was noted due to regression of the pain syndrome to an average value of 1 [1; 2] VAS score.

 Conclusion. The obtained results indicate the clinical application possibilities of minimally traumatic surgical technologies for the treatment of craniovertebral zone metastatic tumors.
Clinical observation of patients with primary multiple malignant tumors, including primary multiple melanoma
Authors: Gevorkyan Yu. A. , Soldatkina N. V. , Bondarenko O. K. , Mironenko I. N. , Kolesnikov V. E. , Dashkov A. V.
Published: September 2023

Recently, there has been an increase in the number of patients with primary multiple malignant tumors, which not only affect one or more organs, but also differ in their histological structure. At the same time, melanoma of the skin is a rare localization among primary malignant neoplasms. This nosology accounts for only 3–5 % of all skin tumors. Melanoma is associated with high mortality due to the development of a pronounced metastatic potential, and therefore the study of this malignant formation is of the greatest relevance. Over the past 50 years, the incidence of multiple primary melanoma has increased significantly. At the same time, the number of patients with more than 2 lesions has increased to 18 % of the number of primary multiple melanomas over the past 50 years. This emphasizes the importance of monitoring patients with melanoma and regularly examining patients for new lesions. This article demonstrates a clinical case of a patient with a confirmed diagnosis of a primary multiple disease with melanoma of the skin and rectum. For skin melanoma, the patient underwent a wide excision of the tumor with inguinal-femoral lymph node dissection on the right. Subsequently, radiation therapy and chemotherapy were performed. Further, during a comprehensive examination, the patient was diagnosed with a malignant neoplasm of the lower ampullar rectum with a transition to the anal canal. The patient underwent laparoscopic-assisted abdominoperineal extirpation of the rectum. Histological analysis revealed nodular melanoma. From the anamnesis of the patient, among the comorbidities, breast cancer, uterine myoma, hemangioma of the liver and lung hamartoma were also identified. The clinical course of all malignant tumors was favorable, without the development of relapses and metastases. The greatest interest in this situation is the primary multiple melanoma in connection with successful treatment with the most unfavorable prognosis. The described clinical observation indicates the need for an in-depth study of cases of primary multiple malignant tumors and the search for mechanisms for a favorable course of malignant neoplasms in this case.
Clinical and morphological features of bladder cancer course in HPV-infected patients
Authors: Pulatova A. A. , Dimitriadi S. N. , Kutilin D. S. , Zykova T. A. , Frantsiyants E. M. , Shevyakova E. A. , Hwan V. K. , Goncharov S. I.
Published: September 2023

Purpose of the study. To study the histological type, grade of tumor differentiation in patients with primary and recurrent clinically non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) with highly carcinogenic human papillomavirus (HPV) infection.

Patients and methods. Formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded bladder tumor tissue samples have been studied in 159 patients who underwent transurethral resection (TUR) of the bladder, for the presence of HPV DNA. To detect, quantify and differentiate DNA of HPV 16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 56, 58, 59, 66, 68 genotypes in the samples, the AmpliSense® HPV HRC genotype-titer-FL was used. The result of the study was taken into account when the amount of DNA of the β-globin gene was at least 1000 copies per reaction. In order to statistically analyze our data we used the Fisher exact test and also calculated the odds ratio (OR) and 95 % CI.

Results. According to the results of the study, out of 159 patients, high-risk HPV DNA was detected in the tumor tissue in 59 (37.1 %), of which HPV type 16 was found in 52 patients (89.4 %), HPV 18 was detected in 4 patients type (6.7 %) and type 35 in 3 (5.08 %). In a morphological study of the tissues of HPV-positive patients, the grade of tumor differentiation was G2 in 18 cases (30.5 %), G3 in 37 blocks, and G1 was detected only in 4 cases (6.7 %). In the presence of HPV, the chance of detecting a stage G3 tumor increases by 4.3 times. According to the received data, we can assume that there is a close relationship between detection in HPV patients of high-risk genotypes with moderately differentiated and low-differentiated forms of bladder cancer.

Conclusion. this study may indicate that HPV infection affects the grade of tumor differentiation, and this, in turn, may allow the use of the HPV test to assess the nature of the development of relapse and/or progression of the disease.
Prospects of differential diagnosis of focal lesion of pancreas by the microRNA assessment
Authors: Kniazeva M. S. , Shestopalova T. M. , Zabegina L. M. , Shalaev A. V. , Ratnikova A. K. , Kashchenko V. A. , Vorobyev S. L. , Malek A. V.
Published: September 2023

Purpose of the study. Identification of potential miRNA markers in material of focal pancreatic lesions.

Materials and methods. Samples of focal pancreatic lesions after histological evaluation were enrolled in the study including chronic pancreatitis (ChP) (n = 23), low-grade pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia /PanIN‑1/2 (n = 19), high-grade pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia /PanIN‑3 (n = 8), and invasive pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma PDAC (n = 26). Workflow of research included the profiling of cancer-associated miRNA in pooled samples, the selection of potential marker miRNAs, the assessment of selected miRNAs expression in total collection of specimens, the identification of differentially expressed miRNAs, and the approbation of new algorithm of data interpretation via ratio of “reciprocal miRNA pair”. Consequent reactions of revers transcription and quantitative teal-time PCR were used.

Results. The expression levels of miR‑216a and miR‑217 were decreased in the following order: PanIN‑1/2 > PanIN‑3 > PDAC. Moreover, miR‑375 was up-regulated while miR‑143 was down-regulated in the PDAC. Differential diagnostics of PDAC versus focal chronic pancreatitis might be performed with high accuracy (AUC > 0.95) by assessment panel of four molecules: miR‑216a, miR‑217, miR‑1246 and Let‑7a.

Conclusion. The assessment of microRNAs in pancreatic lesions is a promising approach for the differential diagnosis of PDAC, but this technology requires further validation with an increase in the number of samples.
Gastric cancer modeling in immunodeficient mice with orthotopic xenotransplantation
Authors: Kurbanova L. Z. , Karasev T. S. , Goncharova A. S. , Kolesnikov E. N. , Maksimov A. Yu. , Averkin M. A. , Galina A. V. , Romanova M. V. , Gusareva M. A. , Zinkovich M. S.
Published: September 2023

Purpose of the study. Creation of a transplantable orthotopic PDX model of gastric cancer in Balb/c Nude immunodeficient mice using implantation and injection.

Materials and methods. Two methods, that are injection and implantation, were used to create an orthotopic PDX model of human gastric cancer. The first method involved injections of a suspension of a mechanically disaggregated patient's tumor after filtration into the gastric wall of Balb/c Nude mice. For the second method, small fragments (3 × 3 × 3 mm) of patients' tumors were implanted in the gastric wall of mice along the greater curvature with a dissection of the serous muscular layer.

Results. Control laparotomy in Balb/c Nude immunodeficient mice showed a successful engraftment of the tumor material at the 1st and 3rd procedures when using the implantation method for the creation of a PDX model of gastric cancer. The injection method was ineffective, and no models were created. The histological type of the obtained PDX models was compared to the type of the donor tumor by histological examination (hematoxylin and eosin staining). The tumor grade remained stable and did not change during xenograft passage, which showed that the obtained model was identical to the histotype of the donor tumor.

Conclusion. The presented implantation method for the model creation results in effective tumor engraftment. The developed model can be used to test the effectiveness of anticancer or antimetastatic drugs, for studying the functions of biomarkers, or in assessing the microenvironment of a gastric cancer.
A rare clinical case of syringomyelia progression in the presence of Chiari I malformation following the surgery
Authors: Rostorguev E. E. , Kuznetsova N. S. , Maslov A. A. , Hatyushin V. E. , Matevosyan B. V. , Reznik G. A. , Pandova O. V. , Shalashnaya E. V.
Published: September 2023

Today, an Arnold-Chiari malformation is defined as a developmental pathology of the craniovertebral junction manifested by a discrepancy between the volume and contents of the posterior cranial fossa, which in turn leads to compression of neurological structures and changes in the cerebrospinal fluid circulation. There are several theories of the correlation between Chiari malformation and syringomyelia, but the exact mechanism of syringomyelia development remains unclear.

This article describes a clinical case of treatment of a child with Chiari I malformation and syringomyelia within the cervical and thoracic segments of the spinal cord; after complete posterior fossa decompression, syringomyelia progressed in the early postoperative period with the development of a severe neurological deficiency. Since there is no standard treatment of such postoperative complications, a decision was made on the expectant management of the patient. From the twentieth day of the postoperative period, the patient showed complete regression of the neurological deficiency and positive MRI dynamics of syringomyelia.

The presented clinical case raises such issues as not only the pathophysiology of syringomyelia progression after complete posterior fossa decompression, but also the determination of patient management tactics in case of a complicated postoperative course of the disease.

The presented clinical case is of interest due to the rarely described aggravation of syringomyelia with enhancing neurological symptoms in the early postoperative period after complete posterior fossa decompression. Our observation suggests that the expectant management of the patient, despite syringomyelia progression with neurological deficiency aggravation after posterior fossa decompression, allowed a favorable long-term outcome of Chiari I malformation.