bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Estudio computacional de la reactividad y propiedades fisicoquímicas del eugenol, 2-metoxi-4-oxiranilmetilfenol y quinona metilada
Authors: Rabanal Jhonatan
Published: October 2019

El eugenol es un fenilpropanoide con potencial farmacológico, este estudio determinó teóricamente las propiedades fisicoquímicas del eugenol y derivados. Se encontró que estos cumplen con las reglas de cinco de Lipinski, lo que los posiciona como posibles fármacos. Asimismo, se estudió la reactividad de estas moléculas frente al citocromo P450 y en microorganismos aeróbicos. Utilizando programas de acceso libre se encontró que estas reacciones se dan, principalmente, en los átomos de carbono 1, 2, 3 y 7. Por último, se encontró una correlación entre el desplazamiento químico del 1H RMN y la energía de activación de los átomos de carbono.
Sistemas de entrega de fármacos autoemulsificables: una plataforma de desarrollo alternativa para la industria farmacéutica colombiana
Authors: Cueto Yeimy L. , Ortega Wilfrido L. , Sotomayor Reinaldo G.
Published: October 2019

Los grandes avances tecnológicos en la industria farmacéutica, que involucran el uso de la química combinatoria y el cribado de alto rendimiento, han conllevado al descubrimiento de muchas entidades químicas candidatas a fármacos que presentan baja solubilidad acuosa, debido a su elevada complejidad molecular, lo que hace difícil el desarrollo de productos con estas sustancias. Los sistemas de entrega de fármacos autoemulsificables (SEDDS) han generado un interés para el desarrollo farmacéutico porque son una alternativa efectiva para mejorar la biodisponibilidad de fármacos poco solubles en agua. Para describir el estado de conocimiento sobre estos sistemas se realizó una revisión sistemática en diferentes bases de datos sobre la literatura relacionada con los SEDDS a nivel nacional e internacional, logrando así describir los aspectos más relevantes sobre los SEDDS (tipos, composición, mecanismos para aumentar biodisponibilidad, caracterización, formulaciones). A pesar de las numerosas investigaciones realizadas durante los últimos años que muestran el potencial de los SEDDS para mejorar la biodisponibilidad de los fármacos poco solubles en agua, se pudo evidenciar que solo algunas sustancias activas han sido incluidas en estos sistemas y comercializadas exitosamente, esto debido a algunas limitaciones que indican la necesidad de un mayor entendimiento sobre estos sistemas.
Caracterización de las conductas de consumo de medicamentos en estudiantes universitarios de Costa Rica
Authors: Ríos Mateus Daniel Sebastián , Monge Arce Karolina , Chavarría Arrieta Sofía , Alfaro Mora Ramsés
Published: October 2019

Se realizó un estudio transversal, descriptivo, unicéntrico y de tipo encuesta para determinar las características del consumo de medicamentos en estudiantes universitarios. Fueron interrogados 305 estudiantes de un centro Universitario de San Pedro en Montes de Oca, San José, Costa Rica. Según los datos obtenidos, los estudiantes invierten principalmente en la compra de medicamentos cuando se enferman o se sienten mal (84,7%) y como una segunda razón (16,3%) para mejorar su concentración y aumentar su energía. El sexo influye en la actividad de compra de fármacos, debido a la mayor predisposición del consumo de medicamentos por parte de las mujeres que de los hombres, siendo el precio el principal factor que influye en su compra.
Thermal analysis of some novel pyrimidine derivatives
Authors: Baluja Shipra , Bhalodia Rahul , Gajera Ravi , Bhatt Mehul , Bhesaniya Kapil
Published: October 2019

Some new pyrimidine derivatives have been synthesized and their decomposition characteristics have been studied by thermogravimetric and differential scanning calorimetric analysis. The thermal stability and some kinetics parameters of decomposition were evaluated from thermograms. It is observed that depending upon the structure, substitutions, thermal stability and decomposition kinetics varies in different compounds.
A descrição matemática do desempenho eletroanalítico do compósito poli(alaranjado da acridina)-oxihidróxido de vanádio na detecção eletrorredutiva da entacapona
Authors: Tkach Volodymyr V. , De Oliveira Sílvio C. , Kushnir Marta V. , Brazhko Oleksandr A. , Briosa e Gala Hélder , Luganska Olga V. , Yagodynets´ Petro I.
Published: October 2019

Por meio de uma análise teórica, foi avaliado o desempenho do compósito do oxihidróxido do vanádio trivalente com o polímero do corante alaranjado da acridina, na detecção eletroquímica do fármaco antiparquinsônico entacapona. O processo eletroanalítico é baseado na eletrorredução do fármaco mencionado. Do desenvolvimento e da análise do modelo matemático correspondente, mediante a teoria de estabilidade linear e anáise de bifurcações, foi possível concluir que o compósito pode ser um modificador eficiente para a determinação da entacapona. Os comportamentos oscilatórios e monotônico, neste sistema, também são passíveis de realizar.
Impacto de la restricción al uso de medicamentos en un hospital de alta complejidad
Authors: Rendón Laura M. , Agudelo Esteban , Valencia Naira Y.
Published: October 2019

Introducción: la política farmacéutica colombiana estableció la prescripción adecuada de medicamentos como estrategia para contrarrestar el acceso inequitativo a los medicamentos y la deficiente calidad de la atención en salud. Objetivo: establecer restricciones al uso de medicamentos en un hospital de alta complejidad y medir el impacto económico, sin afectar la seguridad en la atención. Materiales y métodos: cada medicamento se evaluó de acuerdo a la inclusión en el plan de beneficios en salud (PBS), alternativas farmacológicas y uso en urgencias. Posteriormente se clasificaron según restricciones de prescripción: 1) libre prescripción, 2) urgente libre prescripción, 3) no urgente libre prescripción, 4) prescripción restringida y 5) prescripción inhabilitada. Se compararon 12 meses previos restricción con 33 meses posteriores restricción. Resultados: se incluyeron 1217 medicamentos. 56,5% incluidos en el PBS de libre prescripción, 22,4% no incluidos en el PBS de libre prescripción, 11,6% inhabilitados y 6,0% restringidos. Posterior a la restricción se observó una disminución de al menos 58.274 unidades farmacéuticas y $826.130.680 mensual. El mayor impacto fue para los medicamentos PBS, seguido de no PBS urgentes. Conclusión: establecer criterios de prescripción, permite disminuir el costo asociado al uso de medicamentos y hacer un uso racional de estos, sin afectar la seguridad.
The possible similarity between organic substances in leachates and forest waters
Authors: Ågren Staffan
Published: October 2019

It is nowadays recognised that natural organic substances have a large impact on processes indifferent environments, This recognition is developing also with respect to organic substancesin municipal landfill leachates, There is reason to look for chemical similarities and take overuseful analysis tools and concepts from forest research to speed up the build-up of knowledgeof such compounds in leachates, It has been observed at a large number of forest sites thatorganic substances in general tend to have similar properties, The key to possible similaritybetween leachates and forest waters seems to be the humic substance fraction, They areabundant already in today's methanogenic leachates, and their influence will increase in thecourse of time, Observed interactions confirm that increased understanding of the character ofhumic substances is important in studies of most other compounds in leachates.
Results from characterisation of landfill leachates and related effluents
Authors: Cerne Olof , Junestedt Christian
Published: October 2019

A number of landfill leachates and related effluents has been characterised in researchprojects from 1996 till today. Up to 400 parameters has been analysed in samples from 30sites. A database based on the results will be available in the beginning of 2002 onwww.ivl.se. The samples of runoff water from waste segregation areas shows higherconcentrations of some compounds compared to landfill leachates.
Constructed wetland systems in Poland
Authors: Obarska-Pempkowiak H. , Gajewska M. , Kowalik P.
Published: October 2019

Efficiency of removal of contaminants in individual and local constructed wetland systemsoperating in 1995-2000 in Poland was analysed. Individual plants were composed of filterbeds of horizontal subsurface flow planted with willow (Salix viminalis) or reed (Phragmitesaustra/is).The local systems were hybrid constructed wetland systems consisting of horizontal andvertical flow filters. All systems were fed with septic tank effluent.Removal of organic matter and suspended solids was found to be very efficient. However theremoval of nitrogen (especially ammonia nitrogen) in one stage systems was insufficient. Itwas proved that hybrid systems ensure higher efficiencies of nitrogen removal than horizontalflow systems.
The use of wetland for stormwater pollution control
Authors: Rimeika Mindaugas
Published: October 2019

Developing and implementing a stonnwater management strategy requires several keycomponents. Research must be undertaken to develop local rainfall distribution statistics,determine stonnwater pollutant loading characteristics, determine the effectiveness of variousstonnwater treatment practices and identify design criteria for each type of the bestmanagement practice. The practice of urban stonnwater management has until recentlyfocused only on drainage and flood control. But now days more and more concern are takento reduce pollution's wash out loads to water recipients by implementing source controlmanagement, on-site treatment and building stonnwater pollution control facilities. In thearticle overview and basic principals of stonnwater quality management are presented.General stonnwater treatment and pollutant removal mechanisms are explained. Swnmaryresults of study of the pollution removal in constructed wetlands for stonnwater treatment aredescribed.
Willow coppice plantations as wastewater treatment systems
Authors: Larsson Stig
Published: October 2019

Short rotation willow coppice (Salix) can be used as vegetation filter to treat industrialand municipal wastewater. In May 1998 a EU-FAIR project, "Biomass short rotationwillow coppice fertilized with nutrient from municipal wastewater (BWCW)" wasstarted to investigate the consequences to establish willow plantations to treatwastewater in some European countries with varying climatic conditions. The aims ofthis research project were to evaluate the positive effects of irrigation of willow-toenergy plantations with wastewater, but also to find the negative consequences and todevelop strategies to deal with them. The project comprises comparable pilot plantationslocated in four different climatic regions in the four European countries: France, Greece,Unite Kingdom and Sweden. In this paper the experiences from this EU research projectBWCW, which will be finished off in 2002, are briefly described.
Optimization of load norms for transfrontier water bodies taking into account natural processes of self-purification
Authors: Shishkin A.I. , Mosur L.A.
Published: October 2019

In the paper is used the systems approach to justification and optimization ofnorms of the load on the transboundary water bodies. Special attention was given to evaluation of the factors determining the norms of load on the natural water systems for individualtransboundary water bodies. The effects of the pollutant transformation in the water bodiesare taken into account. The algorithm of attribution of quotas to various kinds of man-causedload along entire length of the water body in question is offered. The concrete methods ofmeeting the environmental norms for the priority-driven types of pollutants. It is offered tointroduce the norms attribution basing on environmental and emission approaches and takinginto account the use of the best technologies for industrial and natural systems.
Technological aspects of rehabilitation of disturbed lands
Authors: Kapelkina Ludmila P.
Published: October 2019

Industrial exploitation of the deposits of the North is followed by the large scale use ofnatural resources (land, water, forest, fish, etc.) along with intensive disturbance andcontamination of the environment. The successful decision of the problem of sustainablenature management is largely determined by the presence of ecologically andeconomically "weighted" system of norms, standards, regulations, which are restrictingthe pressure on the components of the environment. By present in Russia there are morethan 20 state standards concerning the remediation of lands and conservation of soils. TheFederal law "About the recultivation of lands" is under the preparation. But all-Russianstandards are not well adapted for the concrete conditions. Such norms need to beregional. They should take into account the specific of the disturbance of theenvironment, type of waste, climatic and economic conditions along with sustainabilityof the ecosystems.Such technological methods of remediation, as creation ofreservoirs in the depressions oftechnogenic relief, covering of dusty sands (waste of smelter industries) by erosive-stablefractions of minerals, hydro-sowing of the perennial herbs, use of plant vegetativereproduction in recultivation, seem prospective. If natural fertile soil is absent, lakeground deposits can be a source of the local organic fertilizer for the purposes ofrecultivation. Also sideration (sowing followed by plowing at the stage of maximalaboveground biomass) can be used. Such method as the formation of water reservoirs intechnogenic depressions should be wider used. Technological methods should take intoconsideration conservation and protection of the environment. It is important to preventnegative processes leading to the destruction of the landscape. Therefore it is expedient tohave such technical methods for the environmental protection which could allow quicklyand efficiently to stop negative process and to provide ecological safety.
Evaluation of bioremediation of oil-polluted soil using the respirometric oxitop® method.
Authors: Selberg Aare , Tenno Toomas
Published: October 2019

Bioremediation includes natural processes to degrade harmful compounds in theenvironment. The goal in bioremediation is to stimulate microorganisms with differentadditives that will activate them to destroy the contaminants. Respirometry methods havebeen used to assess the microbial activity of soil but a few respirational studies have beenperformed with surfactants.The objective of this study was to examine the effects of surfactants and adsorbents onoil-contaminanted soil respirational activity. The measurement of oxygen consumption isused to evaluate the enhancement of the bioremediation of polluted soil by surfactantsand adsorbents. Selected surfactants were sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), Saponine andemulsifying agent SR-100. In the present study the respirometric OxiTop® system wasused to measure the oxygen consumption of the soil by adding the different surfactants.The rates of oxygen consumption were calculated from respiration data.The measurements of respiration showed that the maximum initial rate of oxygenconsumption of soil was 4.39 mg 02 kg -1 h -1 at the water content of9% (w/w ). SR-100addition showed the highest initial rate of oxygen consumption - 18.61 mg 02 kg ·1 h -1•The medium rate of oxygen consumption of the oil contaminated soil for five days washalf of the initial rate. The mixtures of soil and the adsorbents had lower respirationalactivity, even when solutions of the surfactants were added. The highest initial rates ofoxygen consumption of soil were 4.24 mg Oi kg -1 h -1 ( Saponine solution was added) and13.00 mg 02 kg"1 h"1 (SR-100 solution was added) for the hydrophobic and hydrophilicadrorbents, respectively. For the mixture of soil and adsorbent the longer lag-period forthe activation of oxygen consumption occurred by the adding of surfactants.
Uptake of metals in willow biomass plantations fertilised with sewage sludge
Authors: Lundström Ingemar , Hasselgren Kenth
Published: October 2019

Despite the main part of the sewage sludge (biosolids) production in Sweden meets thehigh quality requirements set up for recycling in agriculture, amounts of sludge spread totraditional crops are decreasing. This is mainly due to the negative attitude within thefood industry to sludge use. However, sludge managers gradually develop other routes ofsludge disposal.For instance, sludge fertilisation of willow (Salix spp.) plantations for biofuel productionhas increased in recent years. The increase can be described by the fact that the willowfarmers measure positive effects after sludge application and/or because willow isexcluded from the food industry business.The primary project objective is to clarify the practical extent of uptake of heavy metalsin Salix wood through direct measurements of commercial willow plantations fertilisedwith biosolids. Some 20 plantations in SkAne and Orebro counties (south Sweden) wereincluded in the investigation.In general, uptake rates of metals in the Salix crop were high compared to traditionalagricultural crops. Uptake of Cd in Salix stems was greatly exceeding (ca 10 times) theapplication of Cd with sludge (general sludge type and application rates), also includingatmospheric deposition of Cd. This means that a willow crop fertilised with sludge couldwork as a biological filter for remediation of Cd contaminated land. Uptake of Zn in Salixwas fairly well balanced with the Zn application with sludge, whereas for other metalsuptake in Salix wood was lower than the amount added with biosolids.Sludge from the Swedish wastewater treatment plants can potentially supply the futurewillow-to-energy plantations (I 00 000's of hectares) in the country with full amounts ofphosphorus and with parts of the other nutrient requirements. Further, application ofbiosolids increases the content of organic matter in the soil.
Effectiveness of bioremediation process in hydrocarbon - contaminated soils
Authors: Kalediene Lilija , Giedraityte Grazina , Liuzinas Rapolas
Published: October 2019

The present study was undertaken to evaluate the efficacy of introduced indigenousbacterial isolates for ex situ bioremediation of fuel oil contaminated soil. For this purposethree hydrocarbon-degrading indigenous bacterial isolates were screened from petroleumoil contaminated soil and repeatedly used for inoculation of fuel oil contaminated soil.The total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) content was determined by gravimetric method,Hydrocarbon fractions (alkanes, aromatics, asphaltenes and resins) present in TPH wereobtained by silica gel column chromatography. The study showed that some introducedbacterial isolates effectively adapted to the contaminated soil. The bioaugmentation effectwas calculated to raise the numbers of bacteria by approximately one order of magnitudefrom the indigenous population at the site. Ex situ study showed that the introducedbacterial consortium effectively adapted to the local environment of the soil at thebioremediation site.Our results indicated that disappearance of TPH from inoculated soil samples dependedon the general soil impurity, term of bacterial treatment, level of TPH contamination andindividual microorganism efficacy. With application of bacterial consortium andfertilizers, the TPH level was reduced to 60 - 66% after three months.
Strategic options for sustainable landfilling and leachate treatment - a survey and discussion of state-of-the-art in Sweden
Authors: Ågren Staffan
Published: October 2019

Even if landfilling has become the least prioritised waste option, it cannot be neglectedsince it will likely last many decades ahead. The potential environmental impact of old aswell as new landfills will remain even longer and has to be considered from asustainability point of view in the sense that future generations shall not inheritenvironmental problems because of today's landfilling. The choice of leachate treatmentcontributes in this respect. Five landfilling strategies may be focused in terms ofsustainability: instant containment, storage under water, flushing, aerobic on-sitestabilisation, and landfill mining. They rely on methods like co-treatment with sewage, ordifferent setups of nature-like or more advanced treatment systems. Though solutionsseldom are perfect, it is likely that we still can develop better and more consistentstrategies and methods, promoting consensus on how to move forwards. For a rationalchoice, it is very important to compare the outcome of all landfilling strategies andleachate treatment methods by estimating benefits and costs of different options. Thisincludes consideration of the cost of various environmental effects and resourcedepletion, as well as of different measures for environmental protection, remediation andresource conservation. The result is an estimation of the contribution to the environmentaldebt burden that has to be eliminated to fulfil sustainability. The alternative with the bestnet outcome in this direction shall be chosen. Much of the knowledge for suchcalculations, in terms of modelling, input data, and evaluation criteria, is howeverinsufficient or subject to disagreement. That is why it is easy to question the Swedishpolicy of treating leachates in local systems instead of in sewage works. A proposal toenable the funding of basal remaining research tasks is to create large PPP (Private PublicPartnership) formations, aiming at identification of optimal overall strategies and methodcombinations for landfilling and leachate treatment.
Purification of landfill leachate with the reverse osmosis and nanofiltration membrane process - practical experiences and results with regard to applications in Scandinavia
Authors: Eipper Hartmut , Larsen Bengt de Vylder
Published: October 2019

The most important membrane process for purification of landfill leachate is reverse osmosis. With this technology the negative impact of leachate on the environment can be nearly fully eliminated. The first large-scale plants went into operation in the mid eighties. Today, approximately one third of the installed capacity worldwide bases on this technology. Based on experiences with numerous systems which have been in operation for many years, results concerning the main parameters such as COD, ammonia etc. are presented. Depending on how the permeate is discharged, either directly into a surface water or indirectly into a municipal sewage treatment plant (i.e. RO works as pre-treatment), excellent quality parameters for the permeate may be achieved. With such systems working within a pressure range up to 65 bar, recovery rates between 65% and 80% permeate may be achieved with leachates with normal salt concentrations. In order to achieve higher recovery rates, the treatment of landfill leachate by RO has been significantly improved by the introduction of high-pressure osmosis. This results in a minimised concentrate amount which considerably eases disposal. The utmost reduction of concentrate is achieved in the additional combination with nanofiltration which may yield a recovery rate of more than 90%. The application of nanofiltration makes sense for the concentration of such leachates where not the osmotic pressure due to high salt concentration but the presence of membrane sealing factors such as earth alkaline ions limit the recovery rate. Nanofiltration selectively retains two or more valent ions and thus enables high concentration factors to be achieved. For Scandinavian applications with dilute leachate simpler concepts with single stage units have been realized. By demonstration and commercial size applications it could be proven that such membrane systems are suitable for purifying high amounts of leachate with low concentration of salt and organic components.
Simultaneous adsorption of Cd2+ , Ni2+ and Pb2+ on peat
Authors: Söukand Ulis L. , Kängsepp Pille , Söukand Renata , Tenno Toomas
Published: October 2019

The aim of the present work was to investigate iflocally available untreated peat could beused as filter material for the removal of heavy metals from leachate. The aqueoussolutions containing Cd2+, Ni2+ and Pb2+ ions in single-metal and multi-metal solutionswere used to study the adsorption of metals on peat. The peat was obtained fromSouthern Estonia. The decomposition rate of the peat was H6-H7 on the von Post scale.In order to assess the adsorption mechanism, the amounts of Ca2+ and Mg2+ ions desorbedfrom untreated peat were measured and compared to the adsorption efficiency of Cd2+,Ni2+ and Pb2+ ions from solution on the peat. The desorption of other cations, such asAl3+, K+, Na+, Fe3+, Zn2+ etc. were negligible during all experiments. Adsorption batchisotherm studies were carried out by using IO experimental series with the initialconcentration of 10 - 300 mg/I. The samples were analyzed by using the axial ICP-AES.Results of the single- as well as multi-metal adsorptions show that peat can be effectivelyused. Adsorption of metals on molar basis was found in the indicated order: Pb2+ > Cd2+> Ni2+. The removal of single metal ions from ternary-metal solution was less than itsremoval from single-metal solution. However, the total adsorption capacity of metalsfrom multi-metal solution to peat increased. The Langmuir isotherm equation constantswere calculated and isotherms were drawn by using the program of calculating hyperbolefunctions. Correlations for Ni2+ and Cd2+ with the Langmuir isotherm equation was foundto be good, whereas for Pb2+ the plot (amount absorbed vs. the equilibrium aqueousconcentration) was linear.
Treatment of high-strength liquid wastes by auto-thermal aerobic digestion
Authors: Randerson Peter F. , Higgins Timothy P. , Dancer Brian N.
Published: October 2019

Auto-thermal aerobic digesters comprise a simple, robust, inexpensive technologyappropriate for on-site liquid waste treatment by small- and medium-sized enterprises.They have been shown to be effective at treating a wide range of effluents and liquorsarising from food processing and chemical plants, especially those with high levels ofbiological oxygen demand (BOD), or for small-scale sewage treatment.Liquid circulates around the reactor vessel by pumping through a venturi nozzle, whichdraws air into the flow. As the microbial community develops, the system self-heats andorganic matter is removed as CO2, NH3 and water. The temperature of the insulatedvessel may rise to 55e°C or more as the thermophilic community becomes established.BOD levels typically reduce by 90% over a 3-5 day residence time. Auto-thermal aerobicdigestion (ATAD) acts faster than mesophilic or anerobic degradation and is veryresistant to organic toxins (pentachlorophenol) or metal pollutants (Cu2+, Zn2+, Ni2J inthe waste.Examples are shown of wastes and liquors successfully treated by pilot-scale ATADsystems up to I 000 litres in size. These include effluents from food processing (icecream, chocolate, egg pasteurisation, brewing), chemical plants (wood processing,phenolic liquor) and silage pit effluent.Auto-thermal aerobic digestion offers a versatile, cost-effective solution for liquid wastetreatment in a climate of increasing demands from Regulatory Authorities and increasingcosts of conventional off-site waste disposal such as sewerage or landfill charges.
Genetic and physiological characterisation of phenol- and p-cresol-degrading bacteria selected for bioaugmentation in oil- and phenol-polluted area
Authors: Merimaa Merike , Heinaru Eeva , Lehiste Merit , Viggor Signe , Heinaru Ain
Published: October 2019

Successful bioaugmentation requires that bacterial strains introduced into the polluted area must be able to adapt to new environmental conditions and retain high enough catabolic activity. The strains should degrade pollutant present at high concentrations, while having high affinity for the pollutants for their thorough degradation. The transfer of genetic information from introduced donor strain to indigenous bacterial population increases the biodegradation potential. As laboratory-selected strains can be poor survivors and lose catabolic activity in mixed microbial ecosystems, the indigenous biodegradative strains isolated from the river water continuously polluted with phenolic compounds of oil shale leachate may serve as inoculants for bioaugmentation. We have shown that the native phenol- and p-cresol-degrading community could be grouped according to the presence of catabolic genes involved in catabolism of aromatic compounds. The selected representative strains of different catabolic types of degradation of phenol and p-cresol were identified as Pseudomonas mendocina (strain PCl) and P. jluorescens (strains PC! 8, PC24). Catabolic potential of these strains was studied on the basis of phenol hydroxylase, p-cresol methylhydroxylase and catechol 2,3-dioxygenase genes. The occurrence and conjugation of plasmid DNA were revealed in these strains. The ability of the selected strains to degrade several phenolic compounds in natural phenolic wastewater in which the compounds were present in multicomponent mixtures, was investigated through laboratory microcosm studies, To elucidate the extent of interactions among the used bacterial strains single and mixed cultures were set up. The biodegradation activity of strains in microcosms was examined through viable counts, consumption of phenolic compounds and detecting the presence of catabolic genes by hybridization, During the experiments (30 days) the introduced bacteria remained viable even when the substrates were depleted. The mixture of strains was more effective in the decomposition of phenolic compounds from the natural wastewater as compared with the single culture conditions and the metabolic activity and cell density of each strain were co-ordinated within a specific time scale. The behaviour of strains in the phenolic leachate depended on the growth kinetics of the strains (K,,µ).
Anaerobic mesophilic digestion of sludge with extra-thermophilic and high ph pre-treatment
Authors: Menert Anne , Rikmann Ergo , Michelis Merje , Vaalu Tarmo , Blonskaja Viktoria , Vilu Raivo
Published: October 2019

In this study different methods of sludge pre-treatment with elevated temperatures andpH have been selected for investigation. Five sets of sludge samples were pretreated asfollows: heating at 70°C for 30 min, at 80°C for 20 min, at 90°C for 10 min, at 100°C forWWTP5 min and NaOH-treatment (pH 12 for 4 hours). For comparison a sample from Tallinn(3:1 mixture of primary (dry solids 5.2%) and activated sludge (dry solids 0.5%))was used. Extra-thermophilic pre-treatment increased the degree of hydrolyses of sludge,enabling the following anaerobic digestion process to proceed faster than that of rawsludge. However, extra-thermophilic pre-treatment was insufficient for removal ofnitrogen and phosphorous. Nitrogen can be easily solubilized during extra-thermophilicpre-treatment but solubilization of phosphorous occurs only through digestion. Theproduction of biogas during anaerobic digestion was also dependant on the quality of theinput of pre-treated sludge. The highest cumulative volume of biogas (124 mUg CODadded) was achieved by pre-treatment at 80°C. The percentage of mineralization of pretreated sludges on mesophilic digestion was the highest with 90°C sample - 65.9%.
Landfill construction in Russian federation: a study for location and financial design
Authors: Belova Maria A. , Churkina Irina O.
Published: October 2019

The represented paper describes an original scenario for the landfill construction including the process of decision making upon its location and economic aspects. The landfill should become a solution for the number of environmental problems as it will result: • land remediation; • the cut up in amount of illegal dump areas in the region; • in the future-creation of a waste sorting plant on the recultivated land; • other improvements. In the paper the process of decision making upon the location includes three stages and is based on expert analysis of the alternatives using six main criteria. The stages are the following: collection and organizing of the data; development of recommendations; the decision upon the location itself and its fulfillment. The mathematic model is worked out for all the stages which makes it to a certain extend an universal solution. The study of the economic aspects of the landfill construction is also provided in the paper. It includes analysis of the investment's effectiveness based on certain indexes such as: • financial effectiveness; • state budget effectiveness; • social effectiveness; • environmental effectiveness;  • other. In this part again the original formulas are used for calculation and providing the data for decision making upon the investment needed.
Perioperative Complications Curriculum for the OB/GYN Resident: A Pilot Study
Authors: Staley Allison , Connolly AnnaMarie
Published: October 2019

This article was migrated. The article was marked as recommended. Objectives: Our objective is to describe a process for development and implementation of a web-based curriculum addressing gynecologic perioperative complications. Methods: Residents, Fellows, and Faculty completed a needs assessment survey addressing satisfaction with baseline perioperative complications curriculum. Residents completed a knowledge pretest. Residents received weekly emails with links to developed topic-specific materials over 4 weeks. Residents completed a post-implementation survey to assess satisfaction and to retest knowledge. Results: 75% (21/28) of Residents and 47% (40/86) Fellows/Faculty completed the needs assessment. 95% (20/21) of Residents and 90% (36/40) Fellows/Faculty reported dissatisfaction with baseline perioperative complications curriculum. Ureteral injury, bowel injury, vaginal cuff dehiscence, and bladder injury were prioritized topics, while assigned readings, interactive web-based case modules, and intraoperative instruction were prioritized modalities for curriculum development. Resident pretest mean score was 72% (40-90%, SD = 15). Weekly curriculum emails were successfully distributed all Resident learners. Eighteen percent of Residents completed the post-implementation survey, with 100% reporting satisfaction with the web-based case modules. Post-test knowledge mean score was 84% (60-100%, SD = 15). Conclusion: Low satisfaction rate with baseline curriculum was reported. Materials were developed and distributed weekly to all Residents, who successfully and consistently accessed the developed web-based curriculum.
ONKOTEV Score as a Predictive Tool for Thromboembolic Events in Pancreatic Cancer—A Retrospective Analysis
Authors: Godinho João , Casa-Nova Mafalda , Moreira-Pinto João , Simões Pedro , Paralta Branco Francisco , Leal-Costa Luísa , Faria Ana , Lopes Fábio , Teixeira José Alberto , Passos-Coelho José Luís
Published: October 2019

Background

Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a frequent complication in patients with cancer and causes considerable morbidity and mortality. The risk of VTE is higher in patients with pancreatic cancer and is often associated with treatment delays or interruptions. Recently, the ONKOTEV score was proposed as a VTE risk predictor model for patients with cancer, but its validation is still ongoing.

Patients and Methods

We conducted a retrospective study to determine the incidence of VTE and to evaluate the ONKOTEV score as a VTE predictive tool in a population of patients with pancreatic cancer.

Results

Between February 2012 and May 2017, 165 patients were included in the study. The median age was 73 years, 45.5% of patients were female, and 55.8% had stage IV disease. Fifty-one patients had a VTE (30.9%); 23.5% had pulmonary embolism, 25.5% had deep venous thrombosis, and 51.0% had visceral VTE (VsT). At a median follow-up time of 6.3 months, cumulative incidence of VTE was less than 10% for ONKOTEV scores 0 or 1 and approximately 40% and 70% for scores 2 and ≥3, respectively.

Conclusion

The high VTE incidence observed in this study is consistent with prior reports. Patients at high risk for VTE with no increase in hemorrhagic risk should be considered for primary thromboprophylaxis. The ONKOTEV score may stratify VTE risk in patients with pancreatic cancer, with ONKOTEV score ≥2 being associated with a higher VTE occurrence.
ИНТЕЛЛЕКТУАЛЬНЫЙ АНАЛИЗ ПОТРЕБИТЕЛЬСКОГО СПРОСА В УСЛОВИЯХ ИНФОРМАЦИОННОЙ АСИММЕТРИИ
Authors: Кисляков Алексей Николаевич
Published: October 2019

Цель: работа направлена на решение актуальной проблемы сегментации клиентской базы, выявление намерений потребителей и исследование потребительского спроса на выбранные категории товаров и услуг в течение определенного периода времени с целью оптимизации плана продаж. Обсуждение: предлагаемый в работе метод основан на применении алгоритма кластеризации на основе метода k-средних относительно динамических признаков клиентов о совершенных ими покупках, когда нет необходимости вести персонифицированный учет клиентов. Реализация алгоритма k-средних и его модификаций является достаточно простой и гибкой, показана в работе с использованием инструментария электронных таблиц. Результаты: рассмотрены вопросы выбора количества кластеров, мер близости объектов для их разделения между кластерами, а также вопросы интерпретации результатов кластеризации и дальнейшего анализа и применения полученного разбиения. Реализованная методика позволяет, располагая данным о портрете целевой аудитории, обращаться к различным сегментам клиентской базы с определёнными предложениями, тем самым увеличивая лояльность клиентов. С помощью описанных методов и подходов возможно эффективно исследовать модели потребительского спроса на отдельные наборы товаров в зависимости от намерений различных групп покупателей.
ПРОЦЕСС ФУНКЦИОНИРОВАНИЯ ПРОДОВОЛЬСТВЕННОЙ СИСТЕМЫ РЕСПУБЛИКИ КАЗАХСТАН
Authors: Пягай Александр Анатольевич , Уразгалиева Маржан Абдешевна , Искакова Махаббат Калдыбаевна
Published: October 2019

Цель: статья посвящена вопросам функционирования продовольственной системы Казахстана и выявлению проблем ее устойчивости. Обсуждение: в работе исследуются основные количественные показатели агропромышленного производства и динамика формирования и использования продовольственных ресурсов. Применительно к исследуемой проблеме устойчивость представляет собой способность системы адаптироваться к постоянно изменяющимся факторам внешней и внутренней среды. Поэтому в проекте усиление устойчивости продовольственной системы рассмотрено как процесс, который учитывает сложившуюся ситуацию и опирается на самые современные инновации. Процесс, регулирующий переход к устойчивому производству продовольствия и ведению сельского хозяйства, подразумевает способность всех участников адаптироваться к изменениям. Результаты: проведенная авторами оценка устойчивости функционирования отечественной продовольственной системы, основанная на учете количественных и качественных показателей, может быть использована при разработке мероприятий программно-целевого характера на государственном, региональном уровнях управления развитием системы продовольственного обеспечения и решить вопрос роста устойчивости продовольственной безопасности республики.
ДОСТУПНОСТЬ МЕДИЦИНСКИХ УСЛУГ В РЕГИОНЕ: ПРОСТРАНСТВЕННЫЙ АСПЕКТ
Authors: Артамонов Иван Владимирович
Published: October 2019

Цель: статья посвящена анализу пространственной доступности медицинских услуг сельскому населению Вологодской области, анализу факторов, влияющих на доступность. Обсуждение: своевременное и качественное обеспечение населения медицинской помощью является одним из ключевых факторов повышения уровня и качества жизни как отдельных граждан, так и территорий в целом. Соответственно, доступность медицинских услуг (которые сами по себе являются частью иерархически более высокой ступени здравоохранения – медицинской помощи) непосредственно влияет на качество медицинского обслуживания. Однако в России в целом и в регионах в частности сложилась ситуация неравного доступа к таким услугам. В крупных городах население получает медицинские услуги в максимально полном объеме и обеспечено медицинской помощью всех видов (от первичной до высокоспециализированной). Сельское же население, как правило, имеет ограниченный доступ даже к первой ступени – медико-санитарной помощи, предоставляемой фельдшерско-акушерскими пунктами, а в отдельных территориях – домовыми хозяйствами. Не в последнюю очередь доступность определяется пространственными факторами (размером территорий, характером расселения, инфраструктурой и т. д.). Результаты: анализ имеющихся статистических данных, характеризующих выбранные для исследования факторы, указывает на существенную дифференциацию муниципальных районов как по интегральному показателю доступности, так и по отдельным факторам. Результаты работы могут быть использованы для выработки решений, направленных на улучшение обеспечения населения сельских территорий медицинской помощью.
СТРАТЕГИЧЕСКОЕ ПОЗИЦИОНИРОВАНИЕ АВТОДОРОЖНОЙ ИНФРАСТРУКТУРЫ В РОССИЙСКИХ РЕГИОНАХ
Authors: Бахтин Михаил Николаевич
Published: October 2019

Цель: выявление сильных и слабых сторон позиционирования автодорожной инфраструктуры в стратегиях социально-экономического развития российских регионов, элементов позитивного опыта в данной сфере стратегического управления, распространение которого будет способствовать повышению эффективности инфраструктурных проектов и программ. Обсуждение: разработка стратегий социальноэкономического развития российских регионов на период до 2035 года предполагает, наряду с иными положениями, определение стратегических целей, задач, механизмов развития транспортной инфраструктуры. В ее составе одно из центральных мест занимает автодорожная инфраструктура. Результаты: анализ показал, что все проанализированные стратегии содержат положения, характеризующие состояние и перспективы развития автодорожной инфраструктуры. Однако имеют место как сильные, так и слабые стороны стратегического позиционирования этой жизненно важной подсистемы региональной экономики. Состав анализируемых регионов сформирован таким образом, чтобы в него вошли административно-территориальные образования, различающиеся по интенсивности обслуживания их экономических подсистем: Тюменская, Московская, Самарская, Воронежская, Ярославская области, Краснодарский край, республики: Адыгея, Саха (Якутия), Бурятия. Дальнейший анализ показал, что позитивные элементы стратегического планирования имеют место в регионах с различным уровнем развития по показателям, характеризующим интенсивность обслуживания экономических систем. Выявленные позитивные элементы позиционирования автодорожной инфраструктуры представляют интерес для регионов различного уровня социально-экономического развития.
Lambda Fague Lysis v2
Authors: Sánchez Laura
Published: October 2019

Lambda phage is a bacteriophage that infect Gam- bacterias, such as E.coli, trough the outer membrane protein LamB. We use the Lambda phage to characterize if the AEGIS's display system has been properly express.
MoClo reaction v2
Authors: Sánchez Laura
Published: October 2019

Molecular cloning system
Diagnostics of Insider Risks and Threats in Personnel Security Management of the Enterprise
Authors: Zatonatskiy D.
Published: October 2019

For the Ukrainian enterprises it is most expedient to use the Bayesian model because it is simple in implementation, allows for the individuality of each employee’s activity and does not have ethical and legal constraints. Recommendations for introducing comprehensive and integrated personnel security systems for domestic enterprises to improve the practice of psychological diagnostics and monitoring of employee’s actions are given, in particular, improvement of systems for collecting information about employees’ behavioral indicators in the corporate environment and beyond. The necessity of using modern toolkit for diagnosing risks and threats, for instance, OCEAN and CHAMPION systems, is proved, that significantly improves personnel security management in the systems of economic safety of enterprises. It has been determined that according to the criterion of the expenditure, an effective toolkit for identifying insider risks and threats can be a model based on data on social and interactive activities of enterprise employees.
Using System Dynamics in Macroeconomics
Authors: Lawler K. , Vlasova T. , Moscardini A.
Published: October 2019

In our previous studies, the authors argued that Economic Science in particular thesub –field of macroeconomics needed a profound reset and upgrade. It must use the systemic and cybernetic tools that are now available. This paper promotes a new paradigm and presents three examples that illustrate how a judicious application of systems theory can help to better understand the problem and offers a tool (System Dynamics) as a means of obtaining meaningful solutions.
Analysis and Forecasts of Incomes to Ukraine's State Budget From the Profit tax of Insurance Companies
Authors: Shirinyan L. , Boiko S. , Tolstenko O.
Published: October 2019

The paper is devoted to the analysis of income to State Budget оf Ukraine due to the profit tax of insurance cоmpanіes оf Ukrаіne (РTІC). Аuthоrs аrgue the роssіbіlіty оf іncreаsіng the tаx return оf іnsurers аnd іmрrоvіng tаxаtіоn by stаrtіng dіfferentіаted tаxаtіоn оf іnsurers’ рrоfіts fоr dіfferent tyрes оf аctіvіtіes. The exіstence оf cyclіcаl fluctuаtіоns аs аbsоlute аs well аs relаtіve іndіcаtоrs hаs been shоwn, whіch mаde іt роssіble tо оffer the evоlutіоnаry рerіоdіzаtіоn оf tаxаtіоn оf іnsurаnce cоmраnіes оf Ukrаіne. Іn the frаmewоrk оf fаctоr аnаlysіs, а cоrrelаtіоn hаs been determіned іn the fоrm оf functіоnаl deрendence fоr РTІC, where the mаіn fаctоrs іn the fоrmаtіоn оf tаx receірts аre the аssets оf іnsurers, grоss іnsurаnce рremіums, аnd the number оf іnsurers.
Cultural and Ecological Factors of Perception of Perspective in the Indigenous People of the Tundra
Authors: Goncharov O.A. , Tyapovkin Yu.N.
Published: October 2019

The paper presents results of an expedition to the Russian tundra aimed at studying cross-cultural features of perception of perspective and spatial concepts in Nenets dealing with reindeer herding. Both adult Nenets and children experienced difficulties with depicting volumetric features of objects on the flat. Adults' pictures of objects situated at different distances bore the signs of inverse perspective; however, in selecting perspective models they preferred linear perspective images. Reindeer herdsmen displayed a high level of topological and a low level of projective and coordinate spatial concepts in comparison with control results in urban children. The comparison of results in literate and illiterate herdsmen, as well as in younger and older children, showed that the ecological factor of open space in tundra has a stronger influence on spatial perception than the level of education.
The Phenomenon of Time Perspective across Different Cultures: Review of Researches Using ZTPI Scale
Authors: Sircova A. , Mitina O.V. , Boyd J. , Davydova I.S. , Zimbardo Ph. , Nepryaho T.L. , Nikitina E.A. , Semyonova N.S. , Fieulaine N. , Yasnaya V.A.
Published: October 2019

One's preference for certain time orientations is influenced by many factors including culture. The aim of this research was to describe the phenomenon of time perspective in different cultures. The authors carried out re-evaluation of reliability and validity of the Russian version of the Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory (ZTPI) scale and compared the findings with the original scale as well as with its adapted versions (French and others). The sample consisted of 1136 people aged 14 to 81 from eighteen Russian cities and was divided into seven age groups. As a result, the five factor structure of the ZTPI was replicated on the Russian sample (reliability and validity proved to be quite high), although certain changes had been made to the test keys because of cultural differences. The five factors of the ZTPI that are similar both in Russian and French samples make it possible to carry out cross-cultural comparisons using this scale. It was also found that women have higher orientation to Past Positive and Present Fatalistic than men. People living in large cities score higher on Present Hedonistic and lower on Future that people living in small towns.