bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
derecho de contratos colombianos en la pospandemia: perspectivas desde el derecho comparado
Authors: Acosta Joaquín , Paladini Mauro
Published: June 2024

La crisis económica producto de la pandemia o la guerra en Ucrania se sienten en nuestro país no menos que en el resto del mundo. En consecuencia, todas las empresas y demás negociantes se sumergen en un mar de incertidumbres desde hace más de tres años. Por temor a no poder honrarlos, los contratantes ya impactados por el marasmo de la crisis económica siguen exhibiendo gran temor a celebrar nuevos acuerdos contractuales. Las manifestaciones de esta nueva realidad generan múltiples problemáticas. Por ende y más que nunca, el derecho común de contratos se ve en la exigencia de responder a esta crisis coyuntural cuyos resultados finales aún permanecen inciertos. Así las cosas, resulta necesario oxigenar el régimen general de la contratación privatista, en aras de encarar los desafíos actuales. De esta manera, el presente estudio encarará una exploración de las diferentes herramientas puestas a disposición de los negociantes y operadores jurídicos para recuperar la estabilidad de sus relaciones contractuales, especialmente a la luz del análisis doctrinal efectuado en Francia. De esta manera se recurre a un enfoque histórico-originalista para afrontar el nuevo desafío.
De la causalidad jurídica a la causalidad material en la responsabilidad del Estado
Authors: Güechá Medina Ciro Nolberto , Güechá Torres Jessica Tatiana
Published: June 2024

La responsabilidad del Estado contiene unos elementos dentro de los cuales está el de la causalidad, que para el caso del sistema jurídico colombiano lo prevé el artículo 90 constitucional, el cual se fundamenta en criterios iusfilosóficos positivistas, en la medida que el legislador es el que establece los criterios que la sustentan. La causalidad de manera específica se ha enmarcado en dos grandes formas, como son la causalidad jurídica y la causalidad material, las cuales son interdependientes y se sustentan en diversas variables de positivismo jurídico, como son el normativismo y el positivismo social, respectivamente. En cualquier sentido, las formas de causalidad mencionadas no existen por si solas para tener incidencia en la responsabilidad del Estado, porque la materialidad debe tener relevancia jurídica haciendo viable una imputación, lo cual se logra con la interacción de las dos clases de causalidad.
Physical performance in young female football athletes: a systematic review
Authors: Lopes Silva Yuri Rolim , Gomes de Souza Vale Rodrigo , Pereira Salustiano Mallen da Silva Giullio César , Oliveira Barros dos Santos Andressa , Brandão Pinto de Castro Juliana , Seixas da Silva Ignácio Antônio , Pinheiro Lima Vicente , De Alkmim Moreira Nunes Rodolfo
Published: June 2024

The objective was to analyze the physical performance in female soccer players. A systematic review was performed by searching MedLine (PubMed), SPORTDiscus, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, Scopus, Lilacs (BVS) and SciELO databases for observational studies performed on female soccer players under 18 years of age, who underwent neuromuscular and/or cardiorespiratory physical testing. Of the 934 studies found, 19 were included. The sample size in the studies ranged from 11 to 499 players, with total of 1879 athletes, aged between 9 and 17 years. Neuromuscular tests were more used than cardiorespiratory ones. In conclusion, jumps, linear velocity and change of direction were more used in the context of soccer played by women to determine performance in young athletes. However, cardiorespiratory capacity tests were used to a lesser extent, with a predominance of the level 1 yo-yo intermittent recovery test (YYIR1).
Outcomes of Device-detected Atrial High-rate Episodes in Patients with No Prior History of Atrial Fibrillation: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Ahmed Hasaan , Ismayl Mahmoud , Palicherla Anirudh , Kashou Anthony , Dufani Jalal , Goldsweig Andrew , Anavekar Nandan , Aboeata Ahmed
Published: June 2024

Background: Outcomes of device-detected AF remain unclear in individuals without a prior history of AF. Methods: A meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate outcomes in individuals with no prior history of AF who experienced device-detected AF. Outcomes assessed were clinical AF, thromboembolism and all-cause mortality. A fixed-effects model was used to calculate RRs with 95% CI. Results: Compared to individuals who did not experience device-detected AF, those who did had increased risks of clinical AF (RR 3.33, 95% CI [1.99–5.57]; p<0.0001) and thromboembolic events (RR 2.21; 95% CI [1.72–2.85]; p<0.0001). The risk of all-cause mortality was similar between both groups (RR 1.19; 95% CI [0.95–1.49]; p=0.13). Subgroup analysis revealed an increased risk of thromboembolic events among device-detected AF ≥24 hours (RR 12.34; 95% CI [2.70–56.36]). Conclusion: While there is an increased risk of clinical AF and thromboembolism in individuals with device-detected AF, mortality was insignificant.
Teacher’s attitudes
Authors: Loução Martins Ana Paula , Tomás Garcia
Published: June 2024

Teachers’ positive interactions with people with disabilities improve their awareness and advocacy for inclusion, which is an important policy and community goal worldwide. Therefore, to guide and shape inclusive efforts in Angola as well as to promote advances in research related to measurement of attitudes we conducted a study to analyzed the factor structure, validity, and reliability of the Interaction with People with Disability Scale (IDPS) for a sample of 1352 elementary teachers. Results of an exploratory factorial analysis showed a solution with factors of discomfort, coping, and vulnerability explaining 64.29% of the variance. A confirmatory factorial analysis suggested a model with good fit and convergent validity for discomfort and coping, and good evidence of discriminate validity for the three factors. We discussed and concluded with how this results and how exploring attitudes towards people with disabilities with the IDPS can be useful when promoting activities for teachers training in inclusive education.
Two new enid land snails from Jiuzhaigou County, Sichuan Province, China (Gastropoda: Stylommatophora: Enidae)
Authors: Chen Zhong-Guang , Hu Hong-Fei , Dai Yu-Ting , Wang Ping , Jiang Jiao , Wu Xiao-Ping , Ouyang Shan
Published: June 2024

Two new land snail species of the family Enidae, Serina xirong Chen, Dai, Wu & Ouyang sp. n. and Turanena jiuzhaigouensis Chen, Dai, Wu & Ouyang sp. n., are described from Jiuzhaigou County, Sichuan Province, China based on conchological morphology. Serina xirong can be distinguished from congeneric species by its ribbed teleoconch, and Turanena jiuzhaigouensis can be distinguished from congeneric species by its micro, conic, weakly keeled shell without color stripes before body whorl. This discovery further enhances our understanding of the enid species diversity in Sichuan Province.
Management of patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis
Authors:   Ivano-Frankivsk National Medical University, Ukraine, Kovalenko K.Y. , Synoverska O.B. ,   Ivano-Frankivsk National Medical University, Ukraine
Published: June 2024

Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA) is considered one of the most severe and common rheumatic diseases in childhood. The hallmark signs of JIA are inflammation of one or more joints for more than 6 weeks in the absence of other possible causes of arthritis. Given that the etiology of JIA is uncertain, its pathogenesis multifactorial, and the experience with certain groups of drugs is limited, it is important to have consolidated national and international registries of patient information demonstrating experience in monitoring children with JIA. The aim of the analysis of literature sources on the topic of accumulation and exchange of data on patients with JIA was to summarize and interpret data from existing national and international registries. During the analysis, national registries of Sweden, the United Kingdom, Germany, and South America were analyzed, as well as the international Pharmachild project, which is the most comprehensive and informative database of patients with JIA. The development of local registries of patients with JIA remains relevant today, as it will improve the quality of monitoring such children and enable the identification of regional peculiarities in the course of the disease. The establishment of international trial networks, such as PRINTO (Paediatric Rheumatology International Trials Organisation) and PRCSG (Pediatric Rheumatology Collaborative Study Group), the definition of recognized and standardized outcome measure and assessments of improvements, the validation of quality of life instruments, and the adoption of appropriate legislative measures have created the main prerequisites for better assessment of pediatric rheumatic diseases in the future. No conflict of interests was declared by the authors.
Analysis of the measles incidence in Ukraine and the population immunity
Authors:   SI L.V. Gromashevsky Institute of Epidemiology and Infectious Diseases of the NAMS of Ukraine, Kyiv, Zadorozhna V.I. , Vynnyk N.P. ,   SI L.V. Gromashevsky Institute of Epidemiology and Infectious Diseases of the NAMS of Ukraine, Kyiv, Serheieva T.A. ,   SI L.V. Gromashevsky Institute of Epidemiology and Infectious Diseases of the NAMS of Ukraine, Kyiv, Marichev I.L. ,   SI L.V. Gromashevsky Institute of Epidemiology and Infectious Diseases of the NAMS of Ukraine, Kyiv, Brighata S.I. ,   SI L.V. Gromashevsky Institute of Epidemiology and Infectious Diseases of the NAMS of Ukraine, Kyiv, Demchishina I.V. ,   SI Center for Community Health of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine, Kyiv
Published: June 2024

Since 2001, due to the effectiveness of vaccines, the Measles Elimination Initiative was introduced. However, there are periodic increases in its incidence. In terms of intensity, the measles epidemic process in Ukraine in 2017-2019 can be considered as an epidemic. In 2022, 205,153 cases of measles were reported worldwide (67% more than in 2021). In 2023, this indicator in the European Region of the World Health Organization increased 30 times compared to 2022. Thus, measles remains a pressing problem. Aim - to analyze the incidence of measles, particularly among vaccinated individuals, the state of specific population immunity, as well as to assess of the current epidemic situation. Materials and methods. An analysis was carried out: the incidence of measles in Ukraine (2017-11/30/2023), its level among vaccinated people (2017-2022), the rates of vaccination against measles, mumps and rubella (MMR) (2016-2023), the state of specific population immunity of the population (2019-2022). Descriptive-evaluative and analytical approaches of the epidemiological method, as well as methods of mathematical statistics were used. Results and conclusions. The previous rise in the incidence of measles in Ukraine (2017-2019) and the beginning of the current one (2023) occurred against the background of unsatisfactory coverage of the first and second doses of the MMR vaccinations (2016 - 45.5% and 30.2%; 2022 - 74.1% and 69.1%, respectively). The population of all age groups is involved in the intensification of the measles epidemic process (with the exception of patients who were ill in the pre-vaccination period). The high effectiveness of MMR-1 for children aged 1 to 4 years has been shown, with its decrease with increasing age and gaps in the coverage of MMR-2 for children aged 6 years. Unvaccinated adults remain at risk. In 2019-2021, the proportion of individuals with a protective level of specific antibodies was 89-91%, and by age groups - 83-91%. A significant decrease of this indicator was observed in 2022 compared to 2021 in all age groups, with the exception of children aged 1-4 years. Ensuring proper vaccine prevention in Ukraine is one of the primary tasks for reducing the cyclical outbreaks of measles and achieving its elimination. No conflict of interests was declared by the authors.
Acute rhinosinusitis in childhood - a new solution to an old problem
Authors:   Bukovinian State Medical University, Chernivtsi, Ukraine, Koloskova O.K. , Kosakovskyi A.L. ,   Shupyk National Healthcare University of Ukraine, Kyiv, Мarusyk U.І. ,   Bukovinian State Medical University, Chernivtsi, Ukraine, Kosakivska I.A. ,   Shupyk National Healthcare University of Ukraine, Kyiv, Hеrchyk V.І. ,   Regional communal non-commercial enterprise «Chernivtsi regional clinical children's hospital», Chernivtsi, Ukraine, Grushetska N.P. ,   National Children's Specialized Hospital «OHMATDYT», Kyiv, Ukraine
Published: June 2024

Acute inflammation of the mucous membrane of the nose and paranasal sinuses (acute rhinosinusitis (ARS)) is a fairly common pathology in pediatrics and otorhinolaryngology. The aim of the research was to improve the effectiveness of treatment children with ARS by introducing a combination complex of natural plant extracts "Sinudafen" and effervescent isotonic seawater solution "Sparklin" and to investigate the effect of the proposed complex treatment on the frequency of repeated ARS. Materials and methods. The study was conducted between February and December 2023 in two independent centers. The study included 98 patients with signs of ARS. The Main group - 67 patients who received "Sinudafen" and "Sparklin" for 10-14 days, symptomatic and/or etiotropic therapy if necessary. The Control group - 31 patients who received standard therapy. The results. The examination carried out on the 14th day showed that, compared to standard treatment, the patients of the Main group had a statistically significantly lower risk of maintaining such local symptoms of ARS (edema of the mucous membrane and mucous secretions from the nose). With the faster rates of recovery of children in the Main group, the pharmacological load on patients decreased significantly. The use of "Sinudafen" and "Sparklin" in comparison reduced the need to prescribe antibacterial and antiseptic drugs in the acute period. Better clinical dynamics was accompanied by a reduction in the length of hospitalization, the use of "Sinudafen" + "Sparklin" increased the chances of reducing the duration of the acute period within ≤4 days. Conclusions. The use of "Sinudafen" and "Sparklin" complex in the treatment of children with ARS allows for a 3.8-fold increase in the chances of recovery within ≤4 days. The proposed complex treatment reduces the need for antibiotics/anesthetics by 15.8 times and reduces the risk of repeated episodes of ARS by 18.2 times during the 6-month follow-up period. The use of "Sinudafen" with "Sparklin" is characterized by good tolerability, absence of side effects, high adherence, and also reduces the cost of treatment of one episode of ARS by 50%. The research was carried out in accordance with the principles of the Helsinki Declaration. The study protocol was approved by the Local Ethics Committee of the participating institution. The informed consent of the patient was obtained for conducting the studies. No conflict of interests was declared by the authors.
Vegetative disorders and adaptive behavioural reactions at autonomic dysfunction syndrome in children after COVID-19 infection
Authors:   SI Institute of Pediatrics, Obstetrics and Gynecology named after academician O.M. Lukyanova of the NAMS of Ukraine, Kyiv, Kvashnina L.V. , Ignatova T.B. ,   SI Institute of Pediatrics, Obstetrics and Gynecology named after academician O.M. Lukyanova of the NAMS of Ukraine, Kyiv, Matviyenko I.N. ,   SI Institute of Pediatrics of Obstetrics and Gynecology named after academician O.М. Lukyanova of the NAMS of Ukraine, Kyiv, Maydan I.S. ,   SI Institute of Pediatrics of Obstetrics and Gynecology named after academician O.М. Lukyanova of the NAMS of Ukraine, Kyiv, Kravchenko O.M. ,   SI Institute of Pediatrics of Obstetrics and Gynecology named after academician O.М. Lukyanova of the NAMS of Ukraine, Kyiv
Published: June 2024

Aim - to study the features of autonomic homeostasis as one of the markers of the body impaired adaptive mechanisms and the development of pathology in children after SARS-CoV-2 infection. Materials and methods. There are 95 children aged 7-14 years were included. The study group included the 75 children without chronic pathology who had a mild or moderate course of COVID-19 infection and had laboratory confirmation of the disease. The control group included 20 children who had no COVID-19 infection. The state of the autonomic nervous system was assessed by the Cardio-Spectrum rapid heart rate variability analysis system according to the conventional methodology with the calculation of the tension index (Baevsky Index), which reflects the balance of the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the ANS. Statistical processing of the obtained data was performed with application package "Statistica 10.0 for Windows" by the method of variation statistics. Results. All children from both groups had symptoms of somatoform autonomic dysfunction. It was discovered that 54.7% of children with COVID-19 had vagotonia, 24% had sympathicotonia, and 21.3% had euthonia, what is significantly different from the distribution in the comparison group. After analyzing the wave structure of the variability of heart rhythm in children after COVID-19 it was noted a significant increasing of all components of the spectrum. These results characterize an increasing of the absolute level of activity of regulatory systems. Given into account the multidirectional nature of vegetative shifts in children after COVID-19, a comprehensive method of correction was proposed. This method include in addition to medications a rational diet, treatment of physical and mental stress, psychotherapy, and the elimination of factors supporting the presence of chronic stress. Conclusions. The COVID-19 infection leads to tension in the adaptive mechanisms of autonomic regulation with a shift towards the depletion of compensatory mechanisms. The research was carried out in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. Informed consent of the child and child's parents was obtained for the research. No conflict of interest was declared by the authors.
Clinical and pathological characteristics of Hirschsprung’s disease in school-aged children
Authors:   Bogomolets National Medical University, Kyiv, Ukraine, Prytula V.P. ,   National Children’s Specialized Hospital «OKHMATDYT», Kyiv, Ukraine, Kurtash O.O. ,   Ivano-Frankivsk National Medical University, Ukraine, Hussaini S.F. ,   Bogomolets National Medical University, Kyiv, Ukraine,   National Children’s Specialized Hospital «OKHMATDYT», Kyiv, Ukraine, Rybalchenko V.F. ,   Shupyk National Healthcare University, Kyiv, Ukraine
Published: June 2024

In modern literature, there are only isolated cases of diagnosis and treatment of Hirschsprung disease (HD) in school-aged children, and these cases are from pediatric surgical clinics in developing countries. Aim - to investigate the clinical and pathological symptoms of HD in school-aged children for early detection of this pathology. Materials and methods. We conducted a retrospective analysis of the clinical symptoms of HD in 196 school-aged children for the period from 1980 to 2021. There were 117 (59.69%) patients with the rectal form of HD, 76 (38.78%) with the rectosigmoid form, 3 (1.53%) with the subtotal form. To study the clinical course, we considered the data from the anamnesis, physical examination, general clinical laboratory parameters (blood, urine and feces), electrocardiography, echocardiography, ultrasonography, irrigography, manometry and rectal biopsy. Results. Among 196 school-aged patients with HD, we found enterocolitis in 86 (43.88%) patients: the 1st degree - in 16 (8.16%), the 2nd degree - in 29 (14.79%), and the 3rd degree - in 41 (20.92%) patients. Toxic megacolon was present in 9 (5.83%) patients. Anemia of various degrees was established in 24 (12.24%) patients. Associated malformations were found in 61 (31.12%) children, of which 18 (9.18%) patients had associated malformations of the intestine. The acute form of HD was established in 70 (35.71%) patients, subacute - in 64 (32.65%) children and chronic - in 62 (31.64%) patients. Conclusions. Clinical signs of HD in school-aged children are typical, which can be obtained by careful collection of anamnesis and evaluation of the patient’s objective examination. Irigography, manometry, and rectal biopsy are required to confirm the diagnosis of HD in school-aged children. The research was carried out in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. The research protocol was approved by the Local Ethics Committee of all institutions mentioned in the work. Informed consent of the children’s parents was obtained for the research. No conflict of interests was declared by the authors.
Counter-hegemony with English Language
Authors: Beckett Gulbahar H. , Hemmings Annette
Published: June 2024

Presented in this article are explications of language ideology and a sociocultural linguistic theory that links language ideologies to language identities with implications for acquiring and using hegemonic English language knowledge. The theory frames analyses of data collected in a study of college students in the People’s Republic of China conducted to discern the impact of national language ideologies promoting the English language. Prior research indicates that students with strong indigenous/local language ideologies and identities commonly adopt anti-hegemonic tactics of linguistic resistance to using the English language exclusively or extensively. Students in this study envisioned markedly uncommon counter-hegemonic tactics where the English language is used to elevate the hegemony of Chinese language.
Türkiye in International Energy Trade: Implementation of Social Network Analysis
Authors: Yücel Mustafa , Turan Erol
Published: June 2024

Energy resources are fundamental inputs in almost every sector and play a crucial role in development and economic stability. This situation has increased the importance of keeping energy costs low, becoming a significant factor in attaining global superiority. In the contemporary era, where states represent the highest level of the organization, the strategic importance of these resources has been further exposed. The strategic value of energy resources, predominantly encompassing fossil fuels such as oil, natural gas, and coal, has precipitated intense global competition. The dynamics of energy resource trade have transcended mere profit-driven motives, transforming into a tool wielded by governments for various political objectives. This paradigm shifts underscores the vitality of energy supply security, prompting the formulation of energy trade networks guided by policies and national strategies. Within these networks, participating actors exhibit diverse traits shaped by distinct circumstances, assuming varied roles through pre-existing relationships. The purpose of the research is to examine the energy trade network of Türkiye, implementing the social network analysis method that integrates empirical data and mathematical approaches. The study aims to unveil pivotal aspects of the network, including its size within the global energy trade landscape, density, relational ties among actors, centrality, and brokerage degrees. The research aims to contribute valuable insights to understanding Türkiye's positioning in the global energy trade through these analyses. The results indicate that the volume of Türkiye's energy trade network accounts for around 1/3 of the global energy trade. While no single dominant actor exists in the network, specific entities demonstrate significant brokerage power. The analysis highlights the impact of global energy players, including Russia, the United States, and some European countries. Finally, the study involves recommendations for future research, anticipating a continued exploration of the complicated dynamics shaping energy trade networks on a global scale.
Thermochemical behaviour of several common salts blended with cement raw material
Authors: Sun Wenjie , Wang Xiaohua , Wu Shuang , Yuan Liu , Li Hao , Li Ning , Chen Guanyi
Published: June 2024

Experiments were conducted to study the thermochemical behaviour of common chlorides, sulfates and alkali salts when blended with cement raw materials at high temperatures and the phenomena of element migration and the transformation of chlorine, sulfur, potassium and sodium in the process. There was little effect on the formation of clinker with the addition of 20% potassium chloride + sodium chloride and 10% calcium sulfate. Potassium chloride and sodium chloride were observed to melt at 800°C and completely volatilise at 1100°C, while calcium sulfate was not completely decomposed until 1450°C. The addition of 10% calcium chloride, 20% potassium carbonate + sodium carbonate or 20% potassium sulfate + sodium sulfate resulted in the appearance of the liquid phase of raw materials at 800°C. Potassium carbonate + sodium carbonate predominantly formed complex and stable potassium salts and sodium salts through reactions with the raw materials, significantly affecting the formation of C2S and C3S. Calcium chloride and potassium sulfate + sodium sulfate mainly produced liquid phases through melting. Calcium chloride completely volatilised after reaching 1250°C, and the molten calcium chloride inhibited the decomposition of calcium carbonate, thereby inhibiting the formation of C2S and C3S. Although the potassium sulfate and sodium sulfate melted, they only formed stable sulfate salts, without affecting the formation of C2S and C3S.
Estimated Effect of Restarting Renin-Angiotensin System Inhibitors after Discontinuation on Kidney Outcomes and Mortality
Authors: Hattori Koki , Sakaguchi Yusuke , Oka Tatsufumi , Asahina Yuta , Kawaoka Takayuki , Doi Yohei , Hashimoto Nobuhiro , Kusunoki Yasuo , Yamamoto Satoko , Yamato Masafumi , Yamamoto Ryohei , Matsui Isao , Mizui Masayuki , Kaimori Jun-Ya , Isaka Yoshitaka
Published: June 2024

Key Points

Restarting renin-angiotensin system inhibitor after discontinuation was associated with a lower risk of kidney outcomes and mortality but not related to hyperkalemia.

Our findings support a proactive approach to restarting renin-angiotensin system inhibitor among patients with CKD.

Background

While renin-angiotensin system inhibitors (RASi) have been the mainstream treatment for patients with CKD, they are often discontinued because of adverse effects such as hyperkalemia and AKI. It is unknown whether restarting RASi after discontinuation improves clinical outcomes.

Methods

Using the Osaka Consortium for Kidney disease Research database, we performed a target trial emulation study including 6065 patients with an eGFR of 10–60 ml/min per 1.73 m2 who were followed up by nephrologists and discontinued RASi between 2005 and 2021. With a clone-censor-weight approach, we compared a treatment strategy for restarting RASi within a year after discontinuation with that for not restarting RASi. Patients were followed up for 5 years at maximum after RASi discontinuation. The primary outcome was a composite kidney outcome (initiation of KRT, a ≥50% decline in eGFR, or kidney failure [eGFR <5 ml/min per 1.73 m2]). Secondary outcomes were all-cause death and incidence of hyperkalemia (serum potassium levels ≥5.5 mEq/L).

Results

Among those who discontinued RASi (mean [SD] age 66 [15] years, 62% male, mean [SD] eGFR 40 [26] ml/min per 1.73 m2), 2262 (37%) restarted RASi within a year. Restarting RASi was associated with a lower hazard of the composite kidney outcome (hazard ratio [HR], 0.85; 95% confidence intervals [CIs], 0.78 to 0.93]) and all-cause death (HR, 0.70; 95% CI, 0.61 to 0.80) compared with not restarting RASi. The incidence of hyperkalemia did not differ significantly between the two strategies (HR, 1.11; 95% CI, 0.96 to 1.27).

Conclusions

Restarting RASi after discontinuation was associated with a lower risk of kidney outcomes and mortality but not related to the incidence of hyperkalemia.
ASPECTOS EPIDEMIOLÓGICOS E GASTOS EM SAÚDE POR DOENÇA DE PARKINSON
Authors: Gonçalves Emídio Rafaela , Maria de Barros Giuliana , Antunes Mateus Dias , Gaspar Palácio Siméia
Published: June 2024

Introdução: os distúrbios neurológicos são, hoje, a principal causa de deficiência no mundo. Entre esses distúrbios, o que mais aumenta é a doença de Parkinson (DP), cujo crescimento está ultrapassando outras doenças neurológicas, e o declínio progressivo da função motora é o curso natural esperado da DP. Objetivo: traçar os aspectos epidemiológicos e descrever os gastos em saúde por DP no Brasil e comparar entre as regiões do país. Método: trata-se de um estudo epidemiológico, transversal e descritivo com abordagem quantitativa que utilizou dados de fonte secundária no Sistema de Informações Hospitalares do Sistema Único de Saúde (SIH/SUS), do Departamento de Informática do SUS (DATASUS), do Ministério da Saúde. Foram obtidos dados de DP no Brasil, ocorridas entre 01 de janeiro a 31 de dezembro de 2020. Foram utilizadas as principais variáveis epidemiológicas e de gastos em saúde. Resultados: no período estudado, foram identificadas 676 internações hospitalares por DP no Brasil, no âmbito do Sistema Único de Saúde, e a região em que houve mais número de internações foi a Sudeste (45%), e deste total, 59% (n=397) são indivíduos do sexo masculino e da cor/raça branco (52%). A média de dias de permanência de internações foi de 17 dias. Em relação aos custos de saúde, os valores pagos por atendimentos foram de R$ 2.967.849,63; por serviço hospitalar o total foi de R$ 2.279.349,18; e o valor médio por internação foi de R$ 4.110,56. Todas as variáveis econômicas foram maiores na região Sudeste. Em relação aos óbitos, o maior número foi nesta região (n=26), seguida por Sul (n=16), Nordeste (n=13), Centro-Oeste (n=2) e Norte (n=1). No entanto, a taxa de mortalidade foi maior na região Nordeste (15,66%) e menor no Norte (4,76%). Conclusão: existe uma prevalência da DP na população mais longeva bem como no sexo masculino. Evidenciou-se que as regiões do Brasil apresentam heterogeneidade quanto à distribuição de internações hospitalares, gastos em saúde e óbitos, destacando-se maiores percentuais na região Sudeste.
PROMOTORES E DETRATORES DE EMPATIA DOS ESTUDANTES DE MEDICINA BRASILEIROS NO PERÍODO ENTRE 2010-2021
Authors: DA ROSA WENDT JULIANA , Lorenzi Negretto Amanda , Severo Sarmento Benny , Hedwig Pohl Hildegard , Frantz Krug Suzane Beatriz
Published: June 2024

Introdução: a empatia é uma habilidade essencial para o estabelecimento de uma relação médico-paciente de qualidade, principalmente ao promover a efetividade dos processos diagnósticos e terapêuticos. Tendo em vista as reformas curriculares recentes que visam a um ensino humanístico e renovador, há de se estudar quais fatores influenciam os níveis de empatia dos estudantes de medicina no Brasil. Objetivo: identificar características e determinantes dos níveis de empatia comuns entre os estudantes de medicina no Brasil. Métodos: revisão integrativa de literatura, com busca de artigos indexados nas plataformas PubMed e Scholar Google, usando os termos “medical students” AND “empathy”, e seus equivalentes em português. Os critérios de inclusão foram: publicações nos últimos dez anos (2011-2021), em português ou inglês, que tratavam da graduação em medicina no Brasil. Foram excluídas teses, relatos de experiência, artigos de opinião, textos não disponibilizados na íntegra, ou cujo conteúdo não condizia com o objeto de pesquisa. Resultados: de 4.175 artigos encontrados, doze atenderam aos critérios de inclusão. Os trabalhos demonstraram diferenças nos níveis de empatia de acordo com o gênero, sendo o feminino com maiores escores; aspectos familiares e culturais; e escolha da especialidade médica. A maioria dos trabalhos encontrou alterações nos níveis de empatia entre estudantes de medicina em estágios diferentes do curso – os semestres iniciais tinham maiores níveis que os semestres finais –, com significativo declínio ao longo do curso, embora ainda haja certa controvérsia sobre o tema, já que alguns estudos obtiveram escores estáveis. Além disso, foi apontado que a incidência de depressão, ansiedade e estresse social afetava negativamente a empatia, sendo o estresse indicado como a principal causa deste declínio. Os professores foram apontados como exemplos de promotores ou detratores de uma relação médico-paciente empática. Todos os estudos analisados chamaram a atenção para a imprescindível inserção de pautas promotoras de empatia no currículo obrigatório, uma vez que a graduação em medicina foi apontada como o principal momento de declínio dos níveis empáticos. Conclusão: urge a necessidade de iniciativas de projetos que visem ao desenvolvimento dos níveis de empatia dos estudantes, bem como promovam sua saúde mental frente ao curso, revisitando os parâmetros utilizados como base para o ensino médico. A abertura deste espaço de discussão, diálogo e desenvolvimento trará benefícios psicoemocionais não somente para os estudantes, como também para professores, futuros profissionais e pacientes.
QUALIDADE DE VIDA E SATISFAÇÃO DE PACIENTES COM DOENÇA RENAL CRÔNICA EM HEMODIÁLISE: estudo transversal
Authors: Conceição Freire da Luz Thaynã , Muniz de  Souza Helga Cecília , De Melo Marinho Patrícia Érika
Published: June 2024

Objetivo: Avaliar a qualidade de vida, níveis de satisfação e de atividade física de pacientes com doença renal crônica (DRC) submetidos a hemodiálise. Metodologia: Quinze pacientes, submetidos a hemodiálise e acompanhados no Hospital das Clínicas da Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, participaram do estudo. Foram coletados informações por meio de um questionário semi-estruturado contendo dados sobre idade e sexo, dados clínicos (presença de comorbidades, doença de base, tempo de terapia dialítica, tipo de acesso e intercorrências presentes como câimbras, enjoos e enxaquecas), e utilizados o questionário Kidney Disease Quality of Life – Short Form (KDQOL), a Patient´s Global Impression of Chance Scale (PGIC) e o International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ), para analisar a qualidade de vida, nível de satisfação e nível de atividade física, respectivamente. Os dados obtidos foram transferidos para o programa estatístico SPSS (versão 20) e em seguida realizada a análise descritiva da amostra. Resultados: Foram observados menores escores nos domínios da ‘sua saúde’, ‘sua doença renal’ e ‘efeitos da doença renal’ do KDQOL. Foi observado que 46,6% dos participantes pontuaram sua percepção de melhora e de satisfação com a hemodiálise como muito melhor, e 40% como melhor. Em relação ao IPAQ, a maioria dos participantes foi classificada como irregularmente ativos (46,6%). Em relação ao PGIC, 86,6% consideraram-se ‘melhor’ e ‘muito melhor’. Conclusão: Embora tenha sido observada queda na qualidade de vida, e a maior parte dos pacientes apresentaram redução no nível de atividade física, a maior parte deles consideraram-se satisfeitos com o programa de hemodiálise.
IMPORTÂNCIA DO PLANEJAMENTO PARA A AVALIAÇÃO DE POLÍTICAS PÚBLICAS
Authors: Michels Ilha Davi , Muller Bitencourt Caroline
Published: June 2024

O tema do presente trabalho é o planejamento de políticas públicas e sua ligação com a missão social instituída pela Constituição ao Estado Brasileiro. Este estudo se estrutura no projeto de pesquisa “Os caminhos para a (re)construção do Estado a partir da narrativa das políticas públicas permanentes e de emergência: pelo passado, pelo presente e pelo futuro do Estado Social brasileiro”. O objetivo do trabalho é estudar o planejamento e sua relevância para as políticas públicas, em especial, sob a perspectiva de viabilizar uma avaliação mais efetiva e eficiente das políticas públicas. O problema que conduz esse recorte da pesquisa é: quais as razões fundamentais para afirmar que o planejamento é peça imprescindível para uma avaliação eficiente das políticas públicas no Estado Democrático Social de Direito Brasileiro? Visando responder o problema de pesquisa, o estudo se divide em três objetivos específicos: discutir a importância do planejamento para as políticas públicas; trazer os fundamentos normativo-constitucional sobre o planejamento, entrelaçando-os com os objetivos fundamentais da República Federativa do Brasil; e, diferenciar planejamento de leis orçamentárias - pois pensar a política pública é pensar na continuidade que vai além de planos meramente de gestões governamentais. Metodologicamente, o trabalho é um estudo exploratório, monográfico, com investigação em fontes doutrinárias, documentos institucionais e governamentais, bem como em fontes legislativas. Os resultados parciais apontam o planejamento como peça fundamental para uma avaliação eficiente das políticas públicas.
APRENDIZAGEM BASEADA EM PROBLEMAS: UMA PERSPECTIVA DO ENSINO DA MATEMÁTICA PARA O ENEM
Authors: Mello da Silva Matheus , Afonso Etges Hélio , Adriana de Oliveira Marcia
Published: June 2024

O presente artigo busca ressaltar a importância da Matemática, do seu ensino e a aplicação de metodologias ativas para a preparação de alunos do Ensino Médio que desejam realizar o Exame Nacional do Ensino Médio (ENEM). Para isso foi realizada uma oficina a partir do projeto Conexões UNISC, setor vinculado à Pró-Reitoria Acadêmica da Universidade de Santa Cruz do Sul. O curso de Matemática Licenciatura Plena, inserido no Projeto, realiza a oficina A Matemática para o ENEM. Ela objetiva identificar as dificuldades apresentadas pelos estudantes nos conteúdos cobrados no Exame Nacional do Ensino Médio. O desenvolvimento do trabalho está centralizado em materiais didático-pedagógicos elaborados pelo bolsista e professores, ancorado em recursos tecnológicos como vídeos para a aplicação de atividades da oficina e na resolução de problemas. Fundamentada em uma proposta de modelo teórico-prático de atividades, a oficina apropria-se de uma das metodologias ativas, que é a de aprendizagem baseada em problemas. Com seu uso junto a turmas de alunos do Ensino Médio em 8 escolas da região de Santa Cruz do Sul, notou-se a mudança na compreensão e resolução de questões de Matemática no ENEM. Também o papel do docente e a diversificação na metodologia adotada para suas aulas garante uma melhora na participação dos discentes e estimula a autoaprendizagem.
INTERNACIONALIZAÇÃO E INTEGRAÇÃO ACADÊMICA: RELATO DE EXPERIÊNCIA DA PARTICIPAÇÃO DE ESTUDANTES ESTRANGEIRAS EM PESQUISA SOBRE EDUCAÇÃO E SAÚDE PRISIONAL
Authors: Frighetto Isabela , Gassen Boeira Eduarda , Göttems Vendrusculo Victor , Peeters Noémie , Aalberg Rostvold Inga , Darsie Camilo , Schwarzbold Pauline , Gonçalves Possuelo Lia
Published: June 2024

A internacionalização do ensino superior é um movimento relevante para o desenvolvimento da educação, da pesquisa e da extensão. Esse fenômeno é caracterizado pela interconexão global no que diz respeito ao impulsionamento da formação de profissionais capazes de atuar em diferentes contextos culturais. A internacionalização pode assumir diferentes formas, sendo uma delas os programas de mobilização estudantil, que promovem trocas culturais e científicas em processos de intercâmbio. Objetivo: Descrever a experiência vivenciada por estudantes da Universidade de Santa Cruz do Sul (UNISC) na recepção e acompanhamento de intercambistas da Bélgica e Noruega. Método: Relato de experiência das atividades desenvolvidas durante 4 semanas, compreendidas entre julho e agosto de 2022, período em que foram recebidas na UNISC duas estudantes estrangeiras. As atividades foram compartilhadas entre os membros da Federação Internacional das Associações dos Estudantes de Medicina do Brasil e do Núcleo de Estudos e Pesquisas com Foco no Sistema Prisional. Resultados: Foram realizadas aulas abertas apresentadas por estudantes e docentes brasileiros e, também, pelas visitantes sobre sistemas de saúde, políticas públicas de saúde e sistemas prisionais dos países envolvidos. Ainda, foram realizadas visitas aos presídios da região para a coleta de swabs orais para testagem de hepatite C, análise de amostras biológicas, apoio à realização do diagnóstico da covid-19 no TecnoUnisc e visita a outros projetos de pesquisa e extensão. Conclusão: A parceria entre projetos de pesquisa e de extensão mostrou-se um incentivo à promoção de atividades acadêmicas mobilização estudantil, proporcionando oportunidades únicas de compartilhamento de informações e vivências internacionais.
A produción en lingua galega no ámbito cultural
Authors:   Observatorio da Cultura Galega
Published: June 2024

Este documento de traballo é unha explotación do Barómetro da cultura galega 2024 [http://consellodacultura.gal/publicacion.php?id=4499], que é unha ferramenta de análise e seguimento que mide o estado e a evolución do sector cultural en Galicia.
Unveiling the link between ACR TI-RADS grading and Bethesda score of thyroid nodules in diabetic patients: A comprehensive analysis
Authors: Wang Ying , Chen Xi , Chen Yu , Xie Fei , Wang ZhuoYan , Mao RunYue , Wang Ligang
Published: June 2024

This study aimed to explores the factors influencing thyroid nodules (TNs) in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and evaluates the consistency between different American College of Radiology Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System (ACR TI-RADS) grades and Bethesda scores. Total of 642 T2DM patients were divided into TN group (245) and control group (397) based on the presence or absence of TNs. TN patients were further categorized into ACR TI-RADS classification (TR) 1 to 4 and TR5 subgroups. Diabetes-related clinical and biochemical parameters were collected, and differences were analyzed using univariate analysis. Logistic regression analysis was utilized to pinpoint independent influencing factors for TN occurrence and different TN classifications. Consequently, age, body mass index (BMI), fasting plasma glucose level (FBGL), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), diabetic progression, and family history of TNs emerged as independent risk factors for TN development in T2DM patients. Additionally, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), nodule diameter, and family history of TNs were identified as independent risk factors for TR5 TN development in T2DM patients. All TR1 to 2 nodules had a Bethesda score of 2 and all showed benign pathological findings. In 97.10% of cases (67/69), nodules classified as TR3 exhibited a Bethesda score of 2, with all pathological results indicating benign findings, aligning with the Bethesda score. In addition, the concordance between TR4 nodules and Bethesda score was only 78.57% (88/112). In conclusion, TNs and their malignancy in T2DM patients are significantly linked to blood glucose and lipid metabolism indexes. TR3 classification in T2DM patients poses a low malignancy risk, suggesting caution when conducting fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) testing.
TOPLUMSAL HAFIZA VE KÜLTÜREL BELLEK EKSENİNDE İMGELER: OSMAN HAMDİ BEY’İN SEKİZ TABLOSU ÜZERİNDEN BİR ÇÖZÜMLEME
Authors: Şengül Figen
Published: June 2024

Hatırlama ve unutma sarkacı içerisinde geçmişten damıttıklarımızla şekillendirdiğimiz bellek, imgeler aracılığıyla hatıralarını kemikleştirir ya da zihnin karanlık dehlizlerine yok olmak üzere defneder. Hatırlama imgeler aracılığıyla gerçekleştirilen ve ozanlar, şairler, ressamlar, yazarlar gibi kültür anlatıcılarının eserlerin oluşturduğu, kültürel bellek kodlarıyla geleceğe aktarılarak ilerleyen bir süreci tanımlamaktadır. Bu anlatıcılar bugünü geçmişin anlatılarını, kültürel kodları damıtarak biçim veren kültürel belleğin ve onu kapsayan toplumsal belleğin kuşaklararası aktarımını sağlayarak geçmişten geleceğe bir pencere açan kültür elçileridir. Bu kültürel kodların inşa edilerek oluşturulduğu kültürel bellek üzerinden ise toplumsal hafıza şekillenmektedir. Bu süreçte ortak deneyimler ve hatırlardan oluşan toplumsal hafızadaki geçmişin imgeleri, kültürel anlam aktarımının yeniden inşa edilerek kültürel belleğin şekillendirilmesi ile geleneğin geleceğe aktarılmasını içeren bir mücadele alanını oluşturmaktadır. Toplumsal grupların hafızaları ölçüsünde tarih yeniden revize edilmekte hatırlanması istenenler bellekte ritüellerle, anma törenleriyle, bayramlarla, edebi eserlerle pekiştirilerek hatırlatılmaktadır. Bu sayede kuşaktan kuşağa aktarımla birlikte değişen, dönüşen ve eklemlenen bellek, hatırlamanın ve hatıraları gelecek kuşaklara aktararak zamanın akıcılığına meydan okumanın önemini gözler önüne sermektedir. Günümüzde bireylerin her an bilgi akışına maruz kaldığı bilinmekle birlikte belleğin hatırlaması, kaydedilmesi gerekenleri muhafaza etmesi konusunda seçiciliğinin önemi ortaya çıkmaktadır. Bu noktada geçmişin kanonlaşmış eserleri tarihi dokuyu ve ait olunan dönemin izlerini taşımaları dolayısıyla belleğin filtre etmesini kolaylaştırmaktadır. Neyin hatırlanması gerektiği konusunda bu eserler geçmişe bir pencere aralayarak belleğin tazelenmesini, geçmişle şimdi arasında bir bağ kurulmasını sağlamaktadır. Bu noktada kanonlaşmış eserlerin dönemin ruhunu yansıtması dolayısıyla toplumların belleğini tazelediği söylenebilmektedir. Bu eserlerin gelecek kuşaklara gelenek aktarımını sağlama işlevi bir diğer niteliklerindendir. Bu çalışmada Osman Hamdi Bey’in figürlü kompozisyonlarından Tanzimattan II Meşrutiyete uzanan süreçte farklı yılları konu alan sadece kadın figürleri içeren sekiz tablosu Cezar’ın Sanatta Batıya Açılış Osman Hamdi Bey adlı eserindeki figürlü tablolardan amaçlı örneklem yöntemiyle seçilmiştir. Farklı yıllarda resmedilmiş dönemin ruhunu, kültürel ve toplumsal belleğe dair unsurları, kadın imgesindeki değişimi yansıtacağına inanılan her bir tablo Pierce’ın göstergebilimsel analiz yöntemiyle değerlendirilecektir. Gerek toplumsal hafıza gerekse kültürel bellek nezdinde tabloların içeriğindeki hafıza mekanlarının niteliği, nesneler belleğine dair içerdiği unsurlar, bellek ve karşı bellek unsurları, kadın imgesinin modernleşme sürecindeki değişimi incelenerek tarihsel süreçte imgelerin akışkanlığı çözümlenmeye çalışılacaktır.
JIHAD IN THE UKRAINIAN SOCIETY: PRACTICE, VICTORY ACHIEVEMENT AND MAKING PEACE
Authors:   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine, Abu Alrub Emad
Published: June 2024

A general study of the problem has been presented. Amongst others, there has been considered the concept and practice of jihad as an important factor of the practical life at the background of Russia's large-scale Russia's intervention into Ukraine on 24 February 2022 р., preceded by the temporary occupation of the Crimean Peninsula and Donbas Area of Ukraine. Causes of the initiated war have been identified, as well as the tries of the practical implementation of the "Russian World" concept, which resulted in occupation of a part of Ukraine's territory that is recognized by the whole civilised world. An actual problem is the practice of jihad in conditions of the above said war in the Ukrainian society, and particularly ‒ the actual application of certain obtained knowledge and skills as one of the essential factors of the participation of Moslems in the national- liberating struggle of the Ukrainians against the Russian aggression, so as Ukraine's victory and making peace between the respective countries. The study of the formulated problem includes the objective interpretation of the term jihad, which means various ways of struggling, most notably the participation of Moslems in military actions. We stated that there are a great number of Moslems in the Armed Forces of Ukraine who heroically defend the Ukrainian lands rubbing shoulders with Ukrainian comrades-in-arm and representatives of other peoples and religions. In this context, they take part in a just war that is they direct their actions in the right way in accordance with the requirements of religious postulates of their belief. The methodology of the carried-out study is based on observing the principles of providing the academic objectivity, as well as on the basis of interdisciplinarity and on the rules of identification of adequate and informationally important materials for the implementation of the given study, while also paying attention to the point how it is essential to assess in the right way interpretations of the terms having been used.