bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Novel Generative Recurrent Neural Network Framework to Produce Accurate, Applicable, and Deidentified Synthetic Medical Data for Patients With Metastatic Cancer
Authors: Ganguli Reetam , Lad Rishik , Lin Alice , Yu Xiaotian
Published: May 2023

PURPOSE

Sensitive patient data cannot be easily shared/analyzed, severely limiting the innovative progress of research, specifically for marginalized/under-represented populations. Existing methods of deidentification are subject to data breaches. The objective of this study was to develop a neural network capable of generating a synthetic version of data for patients with novel postoperative metastatic cancer.

METHODS

We analyzed a metastatic cancer patient cohort of 167,474 patients obtained from the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program. Twenty-seven clinical features were analyzed. We created a volume-matched synthetic cohort of 167,474 patients and a reduced-size synthetic cohort of 5,000 patients. The volume-matched and reduced-size synthetic cohorts were compared against the ground truth data to analyze differences in principal component distribution, underlying statistical properties/associations, intervariable correlations, and machine learning classifier performance when developed on the synthetic data.

RESULTS

Among 167,474 patients with metastatic cancer in the original data, 50,669 (30.3%) died within 30 days of their index surgery. Our model was able to accurately capture underlying statistical properties, principal components, and intervariable correlations within the ground truth data, yielding an accuracy of 93.2% with a loss of 0.21%, and develop synthetic data capable of training accurate machine learning classifiers. The reduced-size synthetic data accurately replicated all categorical variables and every continuous variable with statistically similar records ( P > .05), with the sole exception of preoperative albumin ( P < .05). The volume-matched synthetic data frame was able to accurately replicate all categorical variables ( P > .05).

CONCLUSION

This described methodology can be applied to any structured medical data from any setting, significantly expedite scientific analysis/innovation, and be used to develop improved predictive classifiers with boosted tree-based algorithms, serving as the potential new gold standard of medical data sharing and data augmentation.
NHR-23 activity is necessary for C. elegans developmental progression and apical extracellular matrix structure and function
Authors: Johnson Londen C. , Vo An A. , Clancy John C. , Myles Krista M. , Pooranachithra Murugesan , Aguilera Joseph , Levenson Max T. , Wohlenberg Chloe , Rechtsteiner Andreas , Ragle James Matthew , Chisholm Andrew D. , Ward Jordan D.
Published: May 2023

Nematode molting is a remarkable process where animals must repeatedly build a new apical extracellular matrix (aECM) beneath a previously built aECM that is subsequently shed. The nuclear hormone receptor NHR-23 (also known as NR1F1) is an important regulator of C. elegans molting. NHR-23 expression oscillates in the epidermal epithelium, and soma-specific NHR-23 depletion causes severe developmental delay and death. Tissue-specific RNAi suggests that nhr-23 acts primarily in seam and hypodermal cells. NHR-23 coordinates the expression of factors involved in molting, lipid transport/metabolism and remodeling of the aECM. NHR-23 depletion causes dampened expression of a nas-37 promoter reporter and a loss of reporter oscillation. The cuticle collagen ROL-6 and zona pellucida protein NOAH-1 display aberrant annular localization and severe disorganization over the seam cells after NHR-23 depletion, while the expression of the adult-specific cuticle collagen BLI-1 is diminished and frequently found in patches. Consistent with these localization defects, the cuticle barrier is severely compromised when NHR-23 is depleted. Together, this work provides insight into how NHR-23 acts in the seam and hypodermal cells to coordinate aECM regeneration during development.
Efficient and rapid fluorescent protein knock-in with universal donors in mouse embryonic stem cells
Authors: Shi Yu , Kopparapu Nitya , Ohler Lauren , Dickinson Daniel J.
Published: May 2023

Fluorescent protein (FP) tagging is a key method for observing protein distribution, dynamics and interaction with other proteins in living cells. However, the typical approach using overexpression of tagged proteins can perturb cell behavior and introduce localization artifacts. To preserve native expression, fluorescent proteins can be inserted directly into endogenous genes. This approach has been widely used in yeast for decades, and more recently in invertebrate model organisms with the advent of CRISPR/Cas9. However, endogenous FP tagging has not been widely used in mammalian cells due to inefficient homology-directed repair. Recently, the CRISPaint system used non-homologous end joining for efficient integration of FP tags into native loci, but it only allows C-terminal knock-ins. Here, we have enhanced the CRISPaint system by introducing new universal donors for N-terminal insertion and for multi-color tagging with orthogonal selection markers. We adapted the procedure for mouse embryonic stem cells, which can be differentiated into diverse cell types. Our protocol is rapid and efficient, enabling live imaging in less than 2 weeks post-transfection. These improvements increase the versatility and applicability of FP knock-in in mammalian cells.
Lfc subcellular localization and activity is controlled by αv-class integrin
Authors: Coló Georgina P. , Seiwert Andrea , Haga Raquel B.
Published: May 2023

Fibronectin (FN)-binding integrins control a variety of cellular responses through Rho GTPases. The FN-binding integrins, αvβ3 and α5β1, are known to induce different effects on cell morphology and motility. Here, we report that FN-bound αvβ3 integrin, but not FN-bound α5β1 integrin, triggers the dissociation of the RhoA GEF Lfc (also known as GEF-H1 and ARHGEF2 in humans) from microtubules (MTs), leading to the activation of RhoA, formation of stress fibres and maturation of focal adhesions (FAs). Conversely, loss of Lfc expression decreases RhoA activity, stress fibre formation and FA size, suggesting that Lfc is the major GEF downstream of FN-bound αvβ3 that controls RhoA activity. Mechanistically, FN-engaged αvβ3 integrin activates a kinase cascade involving MARK2 and MARK3, which in turn leads to phosphorylation of several phospho-sites on Lfc. In particular, S151 was identified as the main site involved in the regulation of Lfc localization and activity. Our findings indicate that activation of Lfc and RhoA is orchestrated in FN-adherent cells in an integrin-specific manner.
Improved enzymatic labeling of fluorescent in situ hybridization probes applied to the visualization of retained introns in cells
Authors: Xiao Wen , Yeom Kyu-Hyeon , Lin Chia-Ho , Black Douglas L.
Published: May 2023

Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) is a widely used tool for quantifying gene expression and determining the location of RNA molecules in cells. We present an improved method for FISH probe production that yields high-purity probes with a wide range of fluorophores using standard laboratory equipment at low cost. The method modifies an earlier protocol that uses terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase to add fluorescently labeled nucleotides to synthetic deoxyoligonucleotides. In our protocol, amino-11-ddUTP is joined to an oligonucleotide pool prior to its conjugation to a fluorescent dye, thereby generating pools of probes ready for a variety of modifications. This order of reaction steps allows for high labeling efficiencies regardless of the GC content or terminal base of the oligonucleotides. The degree of labeling (DOL) for spectrally distinct fluorophores (Quasar, ATTO, and Alexa dyes) was mostly >90%, comparable with commercial probes. The ease and low cost of production allowed the generation of probe sets targeting a wide variety of RNA molecules. Using these probes, FISH assays in C2C12 cells showed the expected subcellular localization of mRNAs and pre-mRNAs forPolr2a(RNA polymerase II subunit 2a) andGapdh, and of the long noncoding RNAsMalat1andNeat1. Developing FISH probe sets for several transcripts containing retained introns, we found that retained introns in theGabbr1andNoc2ltranscripts are present in subnuclear foci separate from their sites of synthesis and partially coincident with nuclear speckles. This labeling protocol should have many applications in RNA biology.
Glebowy bank nasion zbiorowisk leśnych Wielkopolskiego Parku Narodowego – badania wstępne
Authors: Nowińska Renata , Dubkiewicz Justyna
Published: May 2023

The aim of this study is to examine the soil seed banks of the following plant communities: the complex of lakeside plant communities (Carici elongate-Alnetum, Fraxino-Alnetum); the Central European oak-hornbeam forest (Galio sylvatici-Carpinetum); the thermophilous oak forest (Potentillo albae-Quercetum), in the course of transformation into the oak-hornbeam forest; the fresh coniferous mixed forest (Querco roboris-Pinetum) and the subcontinental pine forest (Leucobryo-Pinetum). All of these plant communities are located in protected areas of the Wielkopolska National Park. The soil seed banks of an individual communities are compared according to the species richness and species diversity as well as species similarity between the herb-layer and the seed bank. The soil seed banks are mainly composed of autochthonous species. The studied communities differ in size and species richness of the soil seed bank as well as in its species diversity. The indicated parameters decrease along with the decrease in the fertility and humidity of the communities. A statistically significant, moderate, positive correlation of species richness between the herb layer and the soil seed bank is observed. Nevertheless, the species similarity between the herb layer and the seed bank is relatively low, which can be attributed to the following: 1) the dominance of single species is greater in soil seed banks than in herb layer; 2) woody species whose seedlings were not recorded in the herb layer or were recorded very rarely, have a large share in seed banks; 3) seeds of some clonal plants were not recorded in seed banks as these species invest only small resources in generative reproduction.
Ευφυές σύστημα για τη βέλτιστη διαχείριση αποθεμάτων βασισμένο σε αλγορίθμους μηχανικής μάθησης και μεταφοράς γνώσης
Authors: Θεοδώρου Ευάγγελος
Published: May 2023

Οι αλγόριθμοι μηχανικής μάθησης έχουν δείξει μεγάλες δυνατότητες σε διάφορους τομείς, αλλά η εμφάνισή τους στη βελτιστοποίηση των ρυθμίσεων διαχείρισης αποθεμάτων, που αποτελεί σημαντικό μέρος μιας εφοδιαστικής αλυσίδας, και πρωταρχικής σημασίας για τις εταιρείες λιανικής, παραμένει περιορισμένη. Αντικείμενο της παρούσας διατριβής είναι η ανάπτυξη ενός ολοκληρωμένου συστήματος βελτιστοποίησης των πολιτικών αποθεματοποίησης μέσω της ελαχιστοποίησης του συνολικού κόστους αποθεματοποίησης, το οποίο εκμεταλλεύεται προηγμένα μοντέλα μηχανικής μάθησης, που βασίζονται σε δέντρα αποφάσεων, προκειμένου να προσεγγίσει τις επιμέρους συνιστώσες που επηρεάζουν άμεσα το συνολικό κόστος σε επίπεδο προϊόντος. Τα μοντέλα μηχανικής μάθησης, έτσι, δύνανται να προσεγγίσουν αυτές τις επιμέρους συνιστώσες λαμβάνοντας ως εισόδους τα μοτίβα εμφάνισης της ζήτησης, δηλαδή τα χαρακτηριστικά των χρονοσειρών που αναπαριστούν τη ζήτηση, και τις βασικές παραμέτρους της πολιτικής αποθεματοποίησης που χρησιμοποιείται. Η προτεινόμενη τεχνική βασίζεται σε δεδομένα και είναι ταχύτερη σε σύγκριση με τους διαδεδομένους τρόπους βελτιστοποίησης της διαδικασίας αποθεματοποίησης, μέσω προσομοιώσεων, χωρίς, όμως, να υπολείπεται σε απόδοση, ενώ παράλληλα είναι ευέλικτη ως προς τις μεθόδους που μπορεί να χρησιμοποιήσει για την πρόβλεψη της ζήτησης ή την εκτίμηση του μέσου επιπέδου αποθέματος, των χαμένων πωλήσεων και του αριθμού παραγγελιών, μεταξύ άλλων. Επιπλέον, το εν λόγω πλαίσιο, εφόσον αυτό είναι επιθυμητό, μπορεί να κάνει χρήση γνώσεων που εξάγονται από διαφορετικά σύνολα δεδομένων από αυτά που βελτιστοποιούνται, τεχνική που ονομάζεται μεταφορά μάθησης, παρέχοντας έτσι πιο ακριβείς προτάσεις σε περιπτώσεις όπου τα ιστορικά δεδομένα είναι ελλιπή ή περιορισμένου μεγέθους. Το πλαίσιο αξιολογήθηκε χρησιμοποιώντας δεδομένα του διαγωνισμού προβλέψεων M5, με τα αποτελέσματα να υποδηλώνουν ότι το προτεινόμενο πλαίσιο, και ιδιαίτερα η προσέγγιση που κάνει χρήση μεταφοράς μάθησης, μπορεί να οδηγήσει σε σημαντικές βελτιώσεις, τόσο ως προς το συνολικό κόστος αποθεματοποίησης όσο και ως προς το επίπεδο εξυπηρέτησης πελατών.Τέλος, στο πλαίσιο της διατριβής αναπτύχθηκε, επίσης, ένα ισχυρό σύστημα υποστήριξης αποφάσεων, το οποίο εμπεριέχει την προσέγγιση μεταφοράς μάθησης του προτεινόμενου πλαισίου, δημιουργώντας ένα φιλικό προς τον χρήστη και πολύτιμο εργαλείο για τους υπεύθυνους λήψης αποφάσεων.
Parks’ sustainability as a method to revive historical parks in Egypt
Authors: Meshraky Demiana Aiad Ragheb , El-menchawy Adel samy , Moustafa Hamad Hassan
Published: May 2023

The role of urban development is to restore the ecological system by making parks more efficient and sustainable. The sustainability of historical parks is concerned with more than just conservation; as it contributes to the pillars of sustainability as well as restoring nature conservation areas. Furthermore, historic parks offer demands regarding how to fulfill modern visitors’ needs, since these needs have not been provided in the previous era, and these parks are frequently susceptible to deterioration. This research aims to apply potential strategies to revive abandoned historical parks in Alexandria, which are considered of a significant value to national and international heritage assets, due to their influence on the residents’ socio-cultural heritage. This aim is achieved through two main dimensions. The first one describes the development of restoring historical parks throughout the ages, identifies parks’ laws and charters, the investigation of parks, the reasons for parks' deterioration in Egypt, and the requirements for sustainable parks. The second one is an application of the strategic criteria to different international parks to measure the parks’ sustainability. This leads to an analysis of how these strategies can be implemented at Antoniadis Park. The research concludes that historical park restoration facilitates eco-friendly development by recognizing the sustainability pillars and their intersection.
Time-related changes in the knowledge of HIV/AIDS among followers of various religions in India
Authors: Khalid Amna , Qaisar Rizwan , Ahmad Firdos , Hussain M. Azhar , Karim Asima
Published: May 2023

Background: The public knowledge levels about Human Immunodeficiency-Virus/Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (HIV/AIDS) have been assessed in previous studies; however, time-related trends in association with socio-demographic standards among the followers of major religions in India are not known.

Objectives: We assessed the 2005-06, 2015-16, and 2019-21 demographic and health survey (DHS) data from India to investigate trends in the levels of knowledge of HIV/AIDS among Hindus, Muslims, and Christians in relation to standard socio-demographic variables over a period of 16 years.

Methods: The age range of the population was 15-54 years (n=611,821). The HIV/AIDS-related knowledge was assessed by developing a composite index based on ten questions about several aspects of HIV/AIDS, such as the mode of spread. We applied Chi-square and Kruskal-Wallis tests to investigate whether people had heard about HIV/AIDS and their overall HIV knowledge in relation to several socio-demographic standards.

Results: Generally, a higher increase in knowledge level was found between the first and second DHS surveys (2006-2016) as compared to between the second and third DHS surveys (2016-2021). We found the highest increase in the level of HIV/AIDS knowledge among Christian men than among Christian women followed by Hindus, whereas Muslims had the least increase over 16 years.  Being a female, uneducated, poor, previously married, and having rural residence were associated with the highest increase in the knowledge of HIV/AIDS.

Conclusion: Christian men had the highest increase in HIV/AIDS-related knowledge then came Christian women and followers of other religions. We also found the highest increase in HIV/AIDS-related knowledge among the poorest, uneducated, and rural residents.  Our findings may help formulate public health strategies targeting various less knowledgeable groups to reduce the incidence of HIV/AIDS.
Comparison of fasciocutaneous and fascial anterolateral thigh free flaps in foot reconstruction
Authors: Roh Si Young , Park Chan Ju , Koh Sung Hoon , Kim Jin Soo , Lee Dong Chul , Lee Kyung Jin
Published: May 2023

Purpose: This study compared the surgical outcomes and quality of life of patients who underwent fasciocutaneous and fascial anterolateral thigh (ALT) free flaps for the reconstruction of traumatic soft tissue defects in the foot.Methods: A single-institution retrospective review of medical data from 2008 to 2021 was conducted on 20 patients who underwent a fasciocutaneous ALT free flap or fascial ALT free flap in the foot. Information was collected on patients’ baseline information, preoperative characteristics, and postoperative courses. Quality of life was measured through the Foot and Ankle Disability Index (FADI) score. A questionnaire survey was administered to evaluate aesthetic satisfaction and subjective improvement of dryness and sensory function at the surgical site.Results: The mean flap dimensions were 13.96×4.58 cm and 10.75×3.50 cm in the fasciocutaneous and fascial groups, respectively. The overall flap failure and complication rates were higher in the fasciocutaneous group (total necrosis in one case, partial flap loss in two cases, and vascular complications in three cases). While aesthetic satisfaction and functional outcomes (FADI Sports) showed better outcomes in the fascial group, subjective improvement of dryness and sensory recovery showed better results in the fasciocutaneous group.Conclusion: In comparison to fasciocutaneous flaps, fascial free flaps demonstrated lower rates of wound complications, higher aesthetic satisfaction, and better functional outcomes, but less improvement in dryness and sensory recovery at the flap site. Therefore, the choice of a flap for foot reconstruction should depend on the plastic surgeon’s discretion and a thorough discussion with the patient.
La fábrica de la catedral: Un enfoque económico (Siglo XXI).
Authors: Hernández Borreguero José Julián
Published: May 2023

La Catedral de Sevilla era la sede del Cabildo, que fue una de las instituciones más poderosas del sur de España en la edad media, y en la era moderna y contemporánea desde un punto de vista religioso, económico y cultural. Las principales fuentes de ingresos del Cabildo eran, por un lado, una porción de los diezmos de la diócesis de Sevilla y, por otro lado, las rentas obtenidas de su patrimonio inmobiliario. En el siglo XVII, el Cabildo Catedral estaba dividido en siete contadurías; la Fábrica estaba administrada desde dos de ellas, y estaba destinada al mantenimiento del templo, y al pago de sus trabajadores. En este artículo se estudian los ingresos y gastos de esta organización.
Comerciantes, censores y bibliotecas Circulación del libro entre España y Nueva Granada en el siglo XVIII
Authors: Campillo Pardo Alberto José
Published: May 2023

En un sesudo análisis sobre la circulación dellibro entre España y Nueva Granada en el siglo XVIII, se exami­nan losmecanismos de control del comercio y las ideas, a través de una reconstruccióndocumental de los procesos de censura y control inquisitorial. Así mismo, seestudia la red de comercio de libros entre estos territorios, res­pondiendo alas preguntas de quiénes estaban detrás, con quiénes se relacionaban y cómo sedesenvolvían dentro de esta red. Finalmente, para entender el clima cultural ylas ideas que circularon en este territorio, se investigaron con detalle variasbibliotecas y libros que viajaron hacia la Nueva Granada en el siglo XVIII yque pertenecieron a instituciones religiosas, autoridades civiles y a personasparticulares.
Exit Spirals in Coupled Networked Markets
Authors: Aymanns Christoph , Georg Co-Pierre , Golub Benjamin
Published: May 2023

When are Coupled Networked Markets Prone to Sudden Collapse?

Many important financial instruments are traded in large networked markets, whose fragility played a role in the Great Financial Crisis. In “Exit Spirals in Coupled Networked Markets,” Aymanns, Georg, and Golub study strategic market participation to show that fragility is exacerbated when several networked markets are coupled, so that activity in one market facilitates participation in others. Such coupling occurs, for example, when participants use relationships in one market to borrow funds to trade in others. The authors ask when market participation is prone to sudden collapse in an exit spiral. They explain when such exit spirals emerge and find that market coupling is a pervasive cause of fragility, creating exit spirals even between networks that are individually robust. The fragility of coupled markets can be mitigated if one of two coupled markets becomes centralized or if links become more correlated across markets.
PERAN INFLUENCER MEDIA SOSIAL DAN KESADARAN MEREK TERHADAP KEPUTUSAN PEMBELIAN
Authors: Putri Bunga Adelia , Madiawati Putu Nina
Published: May 2023

A successful digital marketing strategy can lead to a company's success. Social media influencers and brand awareness are two commonly used digital marketing strategies recently. This study aims to determine how brand awareness and social media influencers influence customers' purchase decisions for the Erigo Brand. The study used Purposive sampling as the sampling technique to obtain the primary data of 100 Erigo customers. The collected data were analyzed in the SPSS program using the linear regression method. Results of the study show that social media influencers and brand awareness positively affect customers' purchase decisions for Erigo Brand.
PENGARUH UKURAN PERUSAHAAN TERHADAP NILAI PERUSAHAAN MELALUI STRUKTUR MODAL SEBAGAI VARIABEL MEDIASI
Authors: Alamsyah Muhammad Fuad , Akuba Alfin , Bimbing Mohammad Afan Gaffar
Published: May 2023

Firm value is one of the benchmarks for investors before investing. Factors such as company size and capital structure can influence firm value. This study aims to determine the effect of company size using total assets and total sales on firm value with capital structure as an intervening variable in LQ45 companies in Indonesia for the 2016-2020 period. This quantitative research used the path analysis method for data analysis is Smart PLS version 3. The samples in this study were 43 companies registered in LQ45 for 2016-2020. The results show that firm size using total assets has a negative effect on firm value, and firm size using total sales was proven to have a positive effect on firm value. Firm size using total assets is proven to have a negative effect on capital structure, and firm size using total sales proved to have no effect on capital structure. Capital structure has a negative effect on firm value, while capital structure does not mediate the effect of firm size by using total assets and total sales on firm value.
PERANCANGAN MODEL EKONOMI KREATIF 5.0 BERBASIS DIGITAL SOCIAL INNOVATION
Authors: Pratama Bagas Brian , Wijayanti Dian
Published: May 2023

Shifts in social, community, economic and cultural life continue to occur following the development of the digital world. This study aims to design a model for the development of the creative economy in the era of society 5.0 in Indonesia. The research method uses literature study with four main stages, namely library data search, information identification, comparative analysis, and in-depth analysis and conclusion analysis. The design of the model uses the Digital Social Innovation (DSI) framework approach which emphasizes the combination of three forming elements, namely digitalization, innovation, and social. The results of this study provide an overview of the creative economy development model as the main actor that can solve social problems in society through the use of technology. In the era of society 5.0, creative economy actors must have the sensitivity to feel, identify, and map social problems so that they are able to generate ideas, strategies, and innovate appropriate solutions supported by the use of digital technology.
A IMPORTÂNCIA DO INTERVALO P-F NA MANUTENÇÃO DOS CIRCUITOS DE REFRIGERAÇÃO DO REATOR IEA-R1
Authors: Oliveira Alexandre Rubio de , Conti Thadeu Das Neves
Published: May 2023

As máquinas e equipamentos industriais não foram construídos para durar para sempre, mas eles podem durar muito mais do que as recomendações dos fabricantes realizadas nas manutenções preventivas. Falhas de ativos não são eventos, mas sim processos de degradação. Por meio da curva P-F, busca-se representar a condição de um equipamento ou componente ao longo do tempo, o que possibilita identificar estes processos e agir proativamente para evitar a falha. A curva P-F é uma representação gráfica na análise de confiabilidade dos ativos monitorados, com base nos conceitos do RCM (Manutenção Centrada na Confiabilidade ou, do inglês, “Reliability Centered Maintenance”). Neste trabalho serão apresentadas as condições atuais de monitoramento e as técnicas recomendadas para o monitoramento das condições de trabalhos dos conjuntos motobomba responsáveis pela refrigeração do circuito primário e secundário do reator.
Editorial
Authors: Aguiar Lais Alencar de
Published: May 2023

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Prolegômenos sobre razão pela qual
Authors: BATISTA HADINEI RIBEIRO , MOLLICA MARIA CECILIA
Published: May 2023

O artigo objetiva apresentar reflexões preliminares sobre o emprego da expressão razão pela qual no estágio atual do Português Brasileiro (PB). Lança a hipótese segundo a qual a expressão constitui uso inovador no PB em locus sintático inicial. A pesquisa considerou dados dos corpora Linguateca e Corpus do Português, em que se buscou comparar a construção razão pela qual com suas variantes motivo pelo qual, razão por que, motivo por que de forma a apontar indícios de que a expressão vem se cristalizando no PB como um marcador de estilo pretensamente monitorado. Os resultados apontam que a construção razão pela qual recente no PB possui status mais marcado e opera alternâncias na relação causa-consequência das estruturas sintáticas de que faz parte.
PM innovation delivers automotive progress
Authors: Ramakrishnan P
Published: May 2023

Prof P Ramakrishnan, from the Indian Institute of Technology, reviews PM materials and processes and sets out how they benefit automotive makers.
Synthesis, In vitro Cytotoxicity, Molecular docking of Few Quinazolinone Incorporated Naphthyl Chalcones: As Potential Dual Targeting Anticancer Agents to Treat Lung Cancer and Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Arora Praveen Kumar , Kumar Sushil , Bansal Sandeep Kumar , Sharma Prabodh Chander
Published: May 2023

The present study is an effort to explore some low molecular weight chemical entities quinazolinone incorporated naphthyl chalcones for their cytotoxic potential and, that can act smartly by inhibiting the mutated molecular targets EGFR (T790M mutation; PDB Id: 5Y9T), and mutated K-RAS(G12D mutation; PDB Id: 4EPT). The in-vitro cytotoxic studies were done by the MTT assay method. For the lung cancer cell lines (A549), N1-N4 were found as more potent than the reference erlotinib (IC50:44.4μg/ml), and among them, the most potent compound is N3 (IC50:11.29 μg/ml). Against the colorectal cancer cell lines (Caco2), the same compound N3 was found as most potent (IC50:10.79 μg/ml). Molecular docking by autodock-4 revealed that all the title compounds have high affinity for both the molecular targets, as they have high negative binding energies. The inhibition constants obtained in docking studies are in nanomoles, The title compounds can be used as a template for developing more potent, selective and dual targeted drugs to treat lung cancer and colorectal cancer.
Antidiabetic Potential of Copper Oxide Nanoparticles Using Biological and Polymer Functionalized Method Mediated by Sarcostemma acidum Stem Extract
Authors: Roseline V. Priya , Priya V
Published: May 2023

The nano sized copper oxide material (CuONPs) were prepared by the greener way and an approach functionalized by polymer using Sarcostemma acidum stem extracts. The in-vitro anti-diabetic activity was studied through the α-glucosidase and α-amylase inhibitory methods were demonstrated in Sarcostemma acidum stem, biological synthesized CuONPs and polymerized CuONPs. The percentage inhibition at 100 μg/ml, 200 μg/ml, 300 μg/ml, 400 μg/ml and 500μg/ml concentrations of Sarcostemma acidum stem, biological synthesized and polymerised CuONPs showed dose dependent inhibition in α-amylase and α-glucosidase. Throughout the studies, polymerized CuONPs showed highest inhibition of α-amylase and α-glucosidase as compared with green synthesis.
Estimation of Minor and Trace Elements Concentration and Investigation of Chemical Composition of Kidney Stones in Kurdistan Region
Authors: Mustafa Rebaz M. , Meenaa Bashdar I. , Mohammed Emad K. , Z. Sdeeq Shalaw , Hussein Khabat N. , M. ahmed Hiwa , Abdullad Haval M.
Published: May 2023

Investigations of the chemical composition of kidney stones are essential for understanding of the nature formation of stones and for the development of preventative treatment methods. Instrumental activation analysis radiations are significant tools for determining the composition of kidney stones. Kidney stones of varying compositions were investigated through the use of X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) and X-ray fluorescence (XRF) techniques. Materials can be observed in two very different ways due to the X-ray photon's unique interaction with matter. Using a combination of X-ray fluorescence and activation analysis, this method provides a thorough assessment phases of kindney stones which is containinig Weddelite, Whewellite, Uricite, Apatite and Struvite by using XRD method. The XRF, FTIR, and XRD methods were used to two groups of kidney stones. Based on the XRF analysis, the elements Ca, S, P, Si, and Cl were determined to have the highest concentrations. The heavy metals Cu, Fe, Zn, Ta, Sn, and Pb, were detected as trace elements. The purpose of this study was to use XRF, XRD, and FTIR instrumental activation analysis techniques to determine the chemical composition of kidney stones and phase of kidnes its quite important to development of preventative treatment methods.
A Comparative Study of PANI and It's Copolymer Poly(aniline-co-o-nitroaniline)
Authors: Sharma Yogesh Kumar , Solanki Aruna , Yadav Himani , Kumar Nitin
Published: May 2023

The investigation of chemical co-polymerization of aniline and ortho nitroanilinein acidic medium was done. Ammonium persulphate (APS) acted as the oxidizing agent. Synthesis of PANI and its copolymer was done followed by characterization using FTIR analysis to assess bonding pattern. Detection of copolymer, its crystallinity and orientation was achieved using XRD technique. To determine the heat resistance of the copolymer, TGA was employed. One of the prominent uses of synthetic poly (aniline-co-o-nitroaniline) is that it is used as a semiconducting material in many electronic devices.
Simultaneous Determination of Cobalt and Iron Made Easy: Results from HPSAM
Authors: Solanki Aruna , Kumar Yogesh , Kumar Nitin
Published: May 2023

A novel protocol using H-point standard addition method (HPSAM) has been developed for simultaneous determination of cobalt and iron metals. We have herein focused on measurement of concentration of an analyte (cobalt) in the presence of other serving as the interfering species (iron). 4-[3-hydroxy-3-(4-methylphenyl) triaz-1-ene-1-yl] benzene sulfonamide (HTSN) was employed as the reagent in the presence of Triton x-100 which served as surfactant). The analytical signals were measured using two different wavelengths, λ1(390)and λ2 (418). The analytical utility of adopted method has been tested and verified under the optimized conditions such as- pH of the medium, colour development of complex and reagent concentration etc. The molar absorptivity was found to be74413 and 41691 L mol-1 cm-1 with excellent root mean square value 0.9992 and 0.9984 for Co (II) and Fe (III), respectively. The RSD values were1.01 and 2.56 for Co and Fe, respectively. The whole methodology is simple, rapid and cost effective. We have successfully applied this method the analysis of Co (II) and Fe (III) in synthetic samples.
Perspective: Emphasizing Safe Engineering Design Features of Quad Bikes in Agricultural Safety Programs
Authors: Gibbs Jenna , Sheridan Carolyn , Khorsandi Farzaneh , Yoder Aaron M.
Published: May 2023

Highlights

Previous quad bike educational interventions focused solely on operator behavior, leading to positive shifts in ‘safety knowledge’ but very little change in actual rider behavior.

Discussions in a recent virtual ATV Safety Symposium hosted by the University of California-Davis (2022) emphasized building agricultural community awareness of quad bike engineering controls—particularly in the U.S. and other nations.

Outreach specialists in agriculture should begin to prioritize more discussion of quad bike engineering controls in training programs.

Abstract. To date, most quad bike educational programs have featured an operator-focused approach, focusing on adherence to administrative controls, personal responsibility, and personal protective equipment. Though these programs lead to shifts in ‘safety knowledge’, they result in very little change in actual rider behavior. In this perspectives article, we highlight discussions from a recent ATV Safety Symposium and USDA-NIFA review of agricultural ATV safety in the U.S. that highlight the dire need for building agricultural community awareness of quad bike engineering controls such as CPDs, wider and more stable frame designs, and others. Although CPDs were introduced 15 years ago, we continue to observe low awareness of this and other important quad bike safety features among young adults in agriculture. We believe that it will be critical to apply some of the recommendations outlined in this article to improve future outreach programs focused on quad bike safety for agricultural occupational use. If rural, agricultural communities learn to accept and respect these life-saving technologies, future standards, policies, and legislative actions are more likely to be well-received. Keywords: Agriculture, All-terrain vehicle (ATV), Crush-protection device (CPD), Engineering, Operator, Outreach, Quad bike, Safety.
Diagnosis of Nocturnal Hypoventilation in Pediatric Neuromuscular Disorders: A Survey of Clinical Practice in Australia and New Zealand
Authors: Withers Adelaide L , Downs Jenny , Wilson Andrew C , Hall Graham
Published: May 2023

Objectives: Nocturnal hypoventilation is a complication of neuromuscular disorders. There are various recommendations for measuring pCO2 during polysomnography and numerous national and international definitions of hypoventilation that could contribute to significant variations in clinical practice. We therefore aimed to determine clinical practices implemented by Australasian pediatric sleep physicians.Methods: Pediatric sleep physicians completed an electronic survey for information regarding pCO2 measurements and definitions of hypoventilation that are followed for children with neuromuscular disorders.Results: It was found that transcutaneous measurement of pCO2 was performed in all centers, with 25% of the centers simultaneously performing capnography. Twelve definitions of hypoventilation were used, including published definitions from the American Academy of Sleep Medicine (AASM) manual and recommendations of the pediatric Australasian Sleep Association/Australasian Sleep Technologists Association. The most commonly used definition of hypoventilation (9/17, 53%) was the 2012 pediatric AASM definition (pCO2 >50 mmHg for >25% of the total sleep time). There was a discrepancy between centers and individuals within the same center when defining hypoventilation. Answers stating the use of the Australasian definitions (rise in pCO2 ≥10 mmHg from wake to sleep, average rise in pCO2 ≥3 mmHg from non rapid eye movement to rapid eye movement sleep) were more frequent when asked specifically via a checkbox (yes/no) compared to free text.Conclusions: These results confirm the heterogeneity and lack of standardization of clinical practice within Australasia when measuring pCO2 during polysomnography and defining hypoventilation. The Australasian definitions were not used as frequently as anticipated.
Is Alexithymia Associated With Sleep Disturbances, Independent of Depression and Anxiety?
Authors: Han Su-Hyun , Choo Yi-Seul , Koo Ga Eun , Kang Yu-Jin
Published: May 2023

Objectives: We aimed to examine the relationship between alexithymia and sleep, independent of depression and anxiety.Methods: This cross-sectional study included participants who visited our sleep clinic between 2016 and 2022. In total, 142 participants (98 males and 44 females) were included, and they completed the Toronto Alexithymia Scale-20 (TAS-20). Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) scores were also recorded. The relationship between alexithymia and sleep (PSQI, ISI, and ESS scores) was determined after controlling for demographic and psychological (Beck Depression Inventory and State Trait Anxiety Inventory-Trait) variables.Results: Individuals with alexithymia had significantly higher PSQI, ESS, and ISI scores than those without alexithymia. Correlation analysis showed significant correlations between the total TAS-20 score and ISI (r=0.321) and ESS (r=0.253) scores. In multivariate linear regression analysis, the total TAS-20 score (β=0.201; p=0.022) was significantly associated with the ESS score.Conclusions: Alexithymia was associated with the severity of insomnia and daytime sleepiness in adults. However, when considering depression and anxiety in multivariate analysis, alexithymia was significantly associated with daytime sleepiness; however, its relationship with the severity of insomnia was not significant.
Proportion and Associated Clinical Factors of Paradoxical Insomnia in Patients With Chronic Insomnia: A Retrospective and Observational Study
Authors: No Jinwoo , Kim Jiyoung , Lee Gha-Hyun , Cho Jae Wook , Kim Hyun-Woo
Published: May 2023

Objectives: Paradoxical insomnia, a type of sleep disorder, is characterized by misperception and underestimation of an individual’s sleep time. In this study, we investigated the percentage and clinical factors associated with paradoxical insomnia in patients with chronic insomnia, who underwent polysomnography.Methods: The study included 148 patients with chronic insomnia. The study population was categorized into paradoxical and non-paradoxical insomnia groups. The following criteria were used to define paradoxical insomnia: 1) total sleep time >390 min and sleep efficiency ≥85.0%, and 2) significant discrepancy of >1 hour between subjective and objective sleep measurements. We analyzed demographic data, polysomnographic parameters, and perceived sleep time in all patients.Results: Among 148 patients with chronic insomnia, 33 (22.6%) had paradoxical insomnia. We observed significant intergroup differences in age, sex, and the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI). Sleep architecture patterns were relatively better in the paradoxical than in the non-paradoxical insomnia group. Logistic regression analysis was performed to determine clinical factors associated with paradoxical insomnia. Female sex (odds ratio [OR] 2.96, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.19–7.37), age (OR 0.97, 95% CI 0.94–0.99), and ISI (OR 1.18, 95% CI 1.05–1.31) were significantly associated with paradoxical insomnia.Conclusions: Approximately 20.0% of patients with chronic insomnia were classified into the paradoxical insomnia group, and female sex, age, and ISI were identified as clinical factors associated with this type of sleep disorder.
Strategies for Adaptation to Shift Work
Authors: Choi Su Jung
Published: May 2023

More than 20% of the industrialized workforce includes shift workers. The misalignment between their work schedules and circadian clock-driven sleep-wake cycles can result in excessive sleepiness during work and disturbed sleep after work. Shift work is associated with various negative health consequences, and workers are at risk for shift work disorder. In this review, we focus on strategies to facilitate shift work adaptation, including medication, light therapy, scheduled sleep and naps, flexible shift schedules, sleep hygiene, and family and social support to promote sleep, wakefulness, and adaptation to the circadian clock. An integrated approach that combines multiple management strategies in contrast to a single approach, can enable more effective shift work adaptation.
Encouraging Continuous Positive Airway Pressure Adherence With Personalized Strategies
Authors: Yoon Jee-Eun , Oh Dan A , Hwang Inha , Lee Woo-Jin , Yun Chang-Ho
Published: May 2023

Objectives: This study aimed to elucidate whether a comprehensive intervention focusing on individual characteristics could enhance adherence to Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) in patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA).Methods: We conducted a single-arm, pilot intervention study, recruiting participants aged ≥20 years with suspected OSA. All participants underwent split-night polysomnography and received standardized CPAP treatment. We identified five categories of factors contributing to poor CPAP adherence: mouth breathing, high CPAP pressure causing sleep initiation difficulties, bradypnea or hyperpnea before sleep onset, postarousal central apnea, and nasal dryness and obstruction. We objectively measured CPAP adherence data at 1, 3, 6 and 12 months after a comprehensive intervention targeting individual characteristics. We analyzed the trends in CPAP adherence rates over 1 year.Results: A total of 48 participants (74.0% males; 56.9±13.9 years old) were followed up for 12 months. CPAP adherence rate was 77.1% at 1 month; declined to 60.4%, 39.6%, and 31.3% at 3, 6, and 12 months, respectively. There was no significant difference in demographic and psychological factors, sleep-related symptoms, and sleep characteristics between the adherence and the non-adherence groups. Low body mass index was an independent risk factor affecting CPAP adherence (odds ratios 0.78, p=0.04).Conclusions: Although our study did not yield significant improvements in CPAP adherence through the comprehensive intervention that targeted individual characteristics, it is significant because it attempted to provide a multidimensional approach to intervention, rather than targeting a single aspect, in promoting CPAP adherence.
Static analysis of gain control for a few-mode erbium-doped fiber amplifier employing pump power adjustment
Authors: Ono Hirotaka , Yamada Makoto
Published: May 2023

In mode-division multiplexing (MDM) optical transmission systems and MDM networks, the gain must be kept nearly constant even when the input signal power of the few-mode (FM), erbium-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA) changes. This paper investigates controllability of the gain in a 4-LP mode EDFA, whose EDF has signal modes of LP01, LP11, LP21, and LP02 or LP01, LP11, LP21, and LP31, by using analytical and full models. The results of calculation using the analytical model and a gain simulation using the full model show that the gain can be kept almost constant with an error less than 0.25 dB simply by adjusting the LP01 pump power of the EDFA with signal modes of LP01, LP11, LP21, and LP31. This result suggests that it is possible to control the gain simply by adjusting the pump power in FM-EDFAs where all signal modes have a radial mode number of one.
MAS-Net OCT: a deep-learning-based speckle-free multiple aperture synthetic optical coherence tomography
Authors: Wu Renxiong , Huang Shaoyan , Zhong Junming , Li Meixuan , Zheng Fei , Bo En , Liu Linbo , Liu Yong , Ge Xin , Ni Guangming
Published: May 2023

High-resolution spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) is a vital clinical technique that suffers from the inherent compromise between transverse resolution and depth of focus (DOF). Meanwhile, speckle noise worsens OCT imaging resolving power and restricts potential resolution-enhancement techniques. Multiple aperture synthetic (MAS) OCT transmits light signals and records sample echoes along a synthetic aperture to extend DOF, acquired by time-encoding or optical path length encoding. In this work, a deep-learning-based multiple aperture synthetic OCT termed MAS-Net OCT, which integrated a speckle-free model based on self-supervised learning, was proposed. MAS-Net was trained on datasets generated by the MAS OCT system. Here we performed experiments on homemade microparticle samples and various biological tissues. Results demonstrated that the proposed MAS-Net OCT could effectively improve the transverse resolution in a large imaging depth as well as reduced most speckle noise.
Design of a bidirectional TM01(TE01)–LP01 mode converter with a metasurface-on-fiber
Authors: Ahn Daehyun , Lee Donghan
Published: May 2023

Mode conversion is crucial for coupling a light source to a desired waveguide. While traditional mode converters such as fiber Bragg gratings and long-period fiber gratings exhibit high transmission and conversion efficiency, the mode conversion of two orthogonal polarizations remains challenging. Here, we present a bidirectional metasurface mode converter that can convert the transverse electric (TE)01 or transverse magnetic (TM)01 mode to the fundamental mode (LP01) with orthogonal polarization, and vice versa. The mode converter is located on a facet of a few-mode fiber and connected to a single mode fiber. Through simulations, we find that 99.9% of the TM01 or TE01 mode is converted into the x- or y-polarized LP01 mode, and that 99.96% of the x- or y-polarized LP01 mode is converted to the TM01 or TE01 mode. Furthermore, we expect a high transmission of over 84.5% for all mode conversions, up to 88.7% for TE01 to y-polarized LP01 conversion.
Metamaterials for light extraction and shaping of micro-scale light-emitting diodes: from the perspective of one-dimensional and two-dimensional photonic crystals
Authors: Chen Enguo , Zhao Mengyun , Chen Kangkang , Jin Huajian , Chen Xiaogang , Sun Jie , Yan Qun , Guo Tailiang
Published: May 2023

Metamaterials have attracted broad attention owing to their unique versatile micro- and nano-structures. As a kind of typical metamaterial, photonic crystals (PhCs) are capable of controlling light propagation and constraining spatial light distribution from the chip level. However, introducing metamaterial into micro-scale light-emitting diodes (µLED) still exists many unknowns to explore. This paper, from the perspective of one-dimensional and two-dimensional PhCs, studies the influence of metamaterials on the light extraction and shaping of µLEDs. The µLEDs with six different kinds of PhCs and the sidewall treatment are analyzed based on finite difference time domain (FDTD) method, in which the optimal match between the PhCs type and the sidewall profile is recommended respectively. The simulation results show that the light extraction efficiency (LEE) of the µLEDs with 1D PhCs increases to 85.3% after optimizing the PhCs, and is further improved to reach 99.8% by the sidewall treatment, which is the highest design record so far. It is also found that the 2D air ring PhCs, as a kind of left-handed metamaterials, can highly concentrate the light distribution into 30° with the LEE of 65.4%, without help of any light shaping device. The surprising light extraction and shaping capability of metamaterials provides a new direction and strategy for the future design and application of µLED devices.