bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Transition From a Compensatory Increase to a Decrease in C-peptide During the Progression to Type 1 Diabetes and Its Relation to Risk
Authors: Ismail Heba M. , Cuthbertson David , Gitelman Stephen E. , Skyler Jay S. , Steck Andrea K. , Rodriguez Henry , Atkinson Mark , Nathan Brandon M. , Redondo Maria J. , Herold Kevan C. , Evans-Molina Carmella , DiMeglio Linda A. , Sosenko Jay ,   on behalf of DPT-1 and TrialNet Study Groups
Published: August 2022

OBJECTIVE

To define the relationship between glucose and C-peptide during the progression to type 1 diabetes (T1D).

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

We longitudinally studied glucose and C-peptide response curves (GCRCs), area under curve (AUC) for glucose, and AUC C-peptide from oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTTs), and Index60 (which integrates OGTT glucose and C-peptide values) in Diabetes Prevention Trial–Type 1 (DPT-1) (n = 72) and TrialNet Pathway to Prevention Study (TNPTP) (n = 82) participants who had OGTTs at baseline and follow-up time points before diagnosis.

RESULTS

Similar evolutions of GCRC configurations were evident between DPT-1 and TNPTP from baseline to 0.5 years prediagnosis. Whereas AUC glucose increased throughout from baseline to 0.5 years prediagnosis, AUC C-peptide increased from baseline until 1.5 years prediagnosis (DPT-1, P = 0.004; TNPTP, P = 0.012) and then decreased from 1.5 to 0.5 years prediagnosis (DPT-1, P = 0.017; TNPTP, P = 0.093). This change was mostly attributable to change in the late AUC C-peptide response (i.e., 60- to 120-min AUC C-peptide). Median Index60 values of DPT-1 (1.44) and TNPTP (1.05) progressors to T1D 1.5 years prediagnosis (time of transition from increasing to decreasing AUC C-peptide) were used as thresholds to identify individuals at high risk for T1D in the full cohort at baseline (5-year risk of 0.75–0.88 for those above thresholds).

CONCLUSIONS

A transition from an increase to a decrease in AUC C-peptide ∼1.5 years prediagnosis was validated in two independent cohorts. The median Index60 value at that time point can be used as a pathophysiologic-based threshold for identifying individuals at high risk for T1D.
Cardiac autonomic nerve dysfunction predicts incident retinopathy and early kidney dysfunction in adolescents with type 1 diabetes
Authors: Velayutham Vallimayil , Benitez-Aguirre Paul , Craig Maria , Cho Yoon Hi , Liew Gerald , Donaghue Kim
Published: August 2022

  

Objective:  

Cardiac autonomic nerve dysfunction (CAN) may contribute to vascular complications in diabetes. We hypothesized that adolescents with CAN are at greater risk of DR and early kidney dysfunction.

Research Design and Methods:

This is a prospective longitudinal study of 725 adolescents with type 1 diabetes without retinopathy and albuminuria at baseline. Early CAN was defined as >1 abnormality of 7 heart rate tests derived from a 10-minute ECG recording using Labchart Pro; retinopathy as the presence of >1 microaneurysm, early kidney dysfunction as albumin excretion rate (AER) >7.5 mcg/min and albuminuria as AER >20 mcg/min. Multivariable generalized estimating equations (GEE) were utilized to examine the association between CAN and retinopathy or early kidney dysfunction (Odds ratio with 95% confidence intervals (CI)).Cox- regression analysis assessed cumulative risks of incident retinopathy and albuminuria (hazard ratio with 95% CI). 

Results:

At baseline mean age was 13.6±2.6 years, 52% male, mean diabetes duration 6.1±3.3 years. Over a median follow-up of 3.8 [interquartile range 2.2-7.5] years, complications rates were retinopathy at 27%, early kidney dysfunction at 16%, albuminuria at 3%,  mean study HbA1c was 72.3 ± 16 mmol/mmol (8.6 ±1.4%). Cardiac autonomic nerve dysfunction predicted incident retinopathy: OR 2.0 (CI: 1.4, 2.9) and early kidney dysfunction 1.4 (1.0, 2.0) after adjusting for HbA1C and duration. Cardiac autonomic nerve dysfunction predicted retinopathy: HR 1.57 (CI 1.09, 2.26) and albuminuria 2.30 (CI; 1.05, 5.04) independently of HbA1c.

Conclusions: 

CAN predicted incident retinopathy and kidney dysfunction in adolescents with type 1 diabetes, likely reflecting autonomic microvascular dysregulation contributing to complications. Therefore, screening and interventions to reduce CAN may influence complications risk. 
MENJAGA ETIKA BERAGAMA Fungsinya dalam Kehidupan Masyarakat Multi Agama dan Budaya
Authors: Lorenza Dina , Bakar Abu , Masyhur Laila Sari , Saifullah Saifullah
Published: August 2022

Etika beragama pada dasarnya memiliki berbagai aspek positif jika diterapkan secara benar dengan referensi dan cara beragama sesuai agama yang dianut, namun tak jarang salah penafsiran menimbulkan etika yang salah dan hal ini harus diwaspadai, supaya tidak menimbulkan dampak negatif. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa, pentingnya agama dalam kehidupan manusia karena agama menjadi sumber moral, agama mengajarkan iman kepada Tuhan dan kehidupan akhirat, melalui perintah dan larangan dalam agama. Dengan demikian sebagai masyarakat beragama perlu memahami tentang petingnya etika beragama dalam kehidupan di dalam masyarakat yang multi agama dan budaya.
Analysis of the environmental, economic, thermal and energy performances of green building technologies
Authors: R. Caponetto  , C. Di Mari  , G. Giuffrida  , F. Nocera
Published: August 2022

Nowadays, the construction sector must comply with increasingly high-performances and sustainability instances. To meet multiple requirements, it is important to apply a multi-criteria design approach, which allows the designer to analyze, evaluate, choose, and summarize the parameters to pay attention to in pursuit of building quality. A conscious use of green materials and technologies avoid the risk of greenwashing, which is common both in production and construction. This contribution investigates the performances of different green building construction solutions. Moreover, it compares them with the performances of commonly adopted technological solutions in contemporary construction. The methodology adopted in the investigation provides for the realization of a multi-criteria analysis in which thermal, energy performances, environmental and economic costs associated with these technologies are assessed. These considerations are contextualized in the case of new construction in a Mediterranean climate. The conclusions highlight how complex it is to identify a single building technology that optimizes all the performance criteria chosen. Proper design must consider several factors such as local climate, environmental context, and planovolumetric design to maximize the performance of the selected criterion.
MPPT algorithm based on Multiple Linear Regression model for Solar PV systems
Authors: D. Gómez-Lorente  , F. Aznar  , O. Rabaza
Published: August 2022

Currently, there are numerous maximum power point tracking (mppt) algorithms implemented in systems powered by photovoltaic (PV) panels. These systems are indirectly affected by sudden changes in weather conditions, making them unstable and inefficient. This work presents a model to establish the optimal working point of photovoltaic panels to be used in installations sensitive to changes in environmental conditions, such as solar pumping, to obtain maximum power in any temperature and irradiance condition of the panels. The model reduces the response time of the system because it also has a control system implemented whose setpoint value is the one provided by the algorithm itself. This is possible with the help of external temperature and solar radiation sensors that provide these values in real time. The setpoint is the working voltage target for the panels (Vmpp), for which the system does not become unstable despite the oscillations allowed by the control system. The algorithm is based on a model that consists of a Multiple Linear Regression through which the entire P-V curve of any photovoltaic panel can be represented for any temperature and radiation.The characteristics of the model allow a control system design that makes the system more efficient.
Translating Isabelle Eberhardt: A Historiographic Adventure
Authors: Hamerlain Souâd
Published: August 2022

The wanderlust spirit of the Russo-Swiss Muslim convert Isabelle Eberhardt (1877-1904), who lived a nomadic lifestyle in Algeria, has always disclosed a metaphysical vision that is persistently echoed in her literary works. She opted for a linguistic immersion that left many prints on her diaries. She was systematically accused by the French colonial regime of being a turncoat, and this is precisely why publishers of that time refused to disseminate (via publications or translations) what they considered to be ‘unorthodox’ and ‘threatening’ thoughts. Fortunately, things have changed for the better since then, as many scholars/translators are now trying to decipher Eberhardt’s moral fiber. A case in point would be Steele’s (2011) English translation of Eberhardt’s “Silhouettes d’Afrique” (1898). Steele set herself the task –after a blatant shortage of scholarly contributions valuing Eberhardt’s literary creations– to play the role of an advocate who would restore the biased positions taken against the author’s motives/works on account of her pro-Arabo-Islamic and anti-colonial views. This paper argues for a better appreciation of otherness through Steele’s ‘historiographic’ rendering, which reflects Eberhardt’s position vis-à-vis some orientalists’ vision which she was not to follow; even if there appear to be parallels between both. Finally, I come to conclude that the translator’s confessions as regards her deliberate choice to confront English-speaking readers with local Arabic terms (Burnous, tolba, Haik, mueddine, etc.) highlight the existence of a more affable audit.
Desenvolvimento profissional de professores iniciantes: tensões experienciadas no contexto da escola pública
Authors: Da Silva Aimi Deusodete Rita , De Arruda Monteiro Filomena Maria
Published: August 2022

Este texto reflete sobre uma investigação cuja questão central é como professores iniciantes constroem sua profissionalidade docente diante de tensões vividas no contexto da escola pública. O objetivo principal écompreender, por meio de narrativas, como eles vão produzindo sentidos e significados acerca das experiências docentes. A investigação pautou-se na metodologia da pesquisa narrativa de Clandinin e Connelly e envolveu quatro participantes de três escolas públicas. Foram utilizados entrevista, memorial, conversas, textos de blog, caderno de registro e notas de campo da pesquisadora. Os sentidos construídos foram sistematizados com base em reflexões sobre: espaço físico, solidão e outros sentimentos, ambiente hostil, indisciplina, falta de apoio e acompanhamento. As análises destacaram o complexo processo de tornar-se professor no contexto da escola pública, dialogando com as questões formativas, experienciadas na transição entre deixar de ser aluno para tornar-se professor. É vivenciando as tensões desse período de iniciação que as aprendizagens possibilitam a construção de novos conhecimentos.
A educação de jovens e adultos e sua imbricação com o ensino regular
Authors: Moreno Sampaio Carlos Eduardo , Abrão Hizim Luciano
Published: August 2022

O direito à educação no Brasil tem sido objeto de interesse social e se constituiu campo de estudos acadêmicos e de instituições governamentais que avaliam políticas públicas. O objetivo deste artigo é apresentar resultados de pesquisa sobre o público potencial e atendido pela educação de jovens e adultos (EJA), como direito educacional contemplado na Constituição Federal de 1988. Como procedimento metodológico, realizamos um estudo quantitativo sobre bases de dados, indicadores educacionais e informações demográficas produzidas por órgãos de Estado. O estudo revelou que o fenômeno da trajetória escolar irregular tem relação com a migração de alunos para a EJA, caracterizando sua imbricação com o ensino regular, o que aponta para a necessidade de adoção de políticas específicas para o enfrentamento das deficiências de trajetória acadêmica e o atendimento do público potencial da EJA.
Methods of purifying oily water
Authors: Chernov Vladimir Aleksandrovich , Bevza Denis Igorevich , Shuraev Oleg Petrovich , Chichurin Aleksander Gennadievich
Published: August 2022

The article describes currently used methods of cleaning ship oil-containing waters and suggests a new method of their disposal. There are shown the specific features of the composition and properties of oil-containing waters, current requirements for the purification of oil-containing waters depending on the areas of operation of the vessel. The main reasons for oily waters emerging are given, as well as the main factors affecting the formation of oily waters on ships. A picture of a water-fuel emulsion under a microscope is illustrated. There are analyzed the methods of oil-containing water purification used on ships, their advantages and disadvantages. There is given a particular description of water purification methods: mechanical purification (straining, settling, centrifugation), physico-chemical purification (adsorption, coalescence, flotation), chemical purification (ozonation, electrochemical purification), biological purification and the method of thermal neutralization (wet burning, fire neutralization). There is presented one of the methods of mechanical wastewater treatment, namely, a scheme for primary treatment of oily waters using a grate, when the oily waters pass through numerous holes and are separated from foreign objects and large solid inclusions. Another example of mechanical wastewater treatment is the design of a clarifier with inclined plates through which the water flow passes along the plates and is divided into layers, which restrains mixing and facilitates settling oil products. A diagram of a coalescing filter (physico-chemical cleaning method) is also presented and its advantages are described. The comparative characteristics of the methods of utilization and neutralization of oily waters are given. Special attention is paid to the development and improvement of the technology of thermal neutralization of ship oil-containing waters. A method of utilization of oily waters by the heat of ship diesel exhaust gases is proposed.
Problems of organizing importation and examination of quarantine products in Astrakhan region
Authors: Ilyina Elena Georgievna , Kudreshova Elizaveta Pavlovna , Melnikov Aleksandr Valerievich , Mostovaya Yulia Vladimirovna , Romanenko Aleksandra Nikolaevna , Khmelnitskaya Anastasia Aleksandrovna
Published: August 2022

Today one of the important tasks is flexible, competent and effective planning of measures for phytosanitary control in the territory of the Eurasian Economic Union of the EAEU, including in Russia. The solution of this problem is significantly hampered by the lack of funding and the lack of highly qualified personnel, insufficient equipment of laboratory quarantine phytosanitary diagnostics. Modern cargo transportation of regulated products between countries depends on geographical, political, economic and many other factors, which necessitates the search for more efficient and shorter routes. The presence of such a transport opportunity as sea transportation between the ports of the Caspian Sea makes it possible to analyze new routes for transporting products to Russia from Iran, Azerbaijan and other countries. Quarantine products imported to Russia in 2021 are listed. The importance of organizing importation and inspection of imported regulated products in the territory of the Astrakhan region is justified. The functions of the phytosanitary inspection are listed. Possibility of easy passing the customs check-in and reducing the idle time for the vehicles during phytosanitary inspection are considered. A twelve-point algorithm is recommended for use including the cargo inspection procedures before transportation. The detailed steps are proposed to speed up transport operations of organizing a sanitary inspection in the port of Olya, in particular, introducing the innovative technologies and the IRIS mini-robot. The model of a mini-robot is illustrated and the prospects of the economic efficiency of the region and food supply of the population are considered. Economic analysis of using the innovative technologies in organizing transportation of the quarantine products has been carried out.
The system of legal regulation of labor protection under national and international law
Authors: Melekh L. , Melekh B.
Published: August 2022

To consider in detail the system of legal regulation of labor protection. Emphasize the factors that negatively affect the state of labor protection, among them the most influential are the deterioration of production assets, the use of technical means without mandatory permits and accounting, non-compliance with sanitary and hygienic rules and regulations, violations of work and rest, labor deficiencies discipline and a number of others.

Solve the problem of labor protection to ensure the priority of life and health of workers, the results of production activities, the creation of safe and healthy working conditions, effective work of the system of state supervision and control and modern, adapted to international standards, administrative mechanisms.

Public relations in the field of labor protection as an object of legal regulation is characterized by certain features, namely the extensive activities covered by such regulation, multilevel system of regulations, as well as the specifics of labor protection as a legal institution.

It is shown that one of the important conditions for improving the legal regulation of labor protection is the development of technical regulation and regulatory support of various aspects in this area, as well as its transfer to the supranational principle and further unification. The specifics of the legal regulation of labor protection can be considered by analyzing the legal norms that belong to this institution and set its content.
Pension provision in the system of social protection of the population
Authors: Rusak H.W.
Published: August 2022

A large number of works in the scientific literature are devoted to the study of pensions in the social protection system, because today the issue of providing social guarantees to the population is very painful. Today's pension system in Ukraine operates in conditions of constant financial stress, instability and requires constant improvement as it is unable to provide citizens with a decent standard of living and therefore needs to be reviewed and reformed. Reforming socio-economic processes necessitates comprehensive public administration of reforms in the pension system by improving organizational and economic mechanisms.

Pension provision is an important component of Ukraine's economic system. Pension rights are one of the basic social rights guaranteed by the Constitution of Ukraine and the laws of Ukraine, which are not only proclaimed or declared, but also implemented and apply to everyone.

State-funded pension benefits are important factors in determining the living standards and well-being of the poorest and are designed to prevent poverty, meet basic needs and maintain a normal standard of living after losing one's job.

The article considers the functioning of the pension system in Ukraine, namely, the need and composition of pensions, evolutionary processes, economic nature, as well as sources of formation of the Pension Fund and the use of funds. The need to amend the legislation of Ukraine to reform the pension system in Ukraine has been identified.

Scholars' views on the interpretation of the concept of "pension provision" and "social protection system" are systematized. Particular attention is paid to the study of the constituent elements of the social protection system, which includes: social assistance, social security, social insurance. The three-level pension system in the context of the components of social protection subsystems is also studied.
Ways to improve legal regulation in the field of logistics of territorial defense of Ukraine
Authors: Mishchyshyn N.V. , Dimich A.V.
Published: August 2022

The article analyzes some legal acts in the field of logistics of territorial defense of Ukraine in the modern period, details their problematic issues and offers proposals for improving legal regulation in this area.

Сurrently, Ukraine's defense sector is being actively reformed, but it does not yet meet today's requirements. Modern problems and challenges arising in the field of defense require fundamentally new scientifically sound approaches to the formation of the military organization of the state, the search for effective ways and mechanisms to protect national interests from real and potential threats of a military nature.

The purpose of the article is to analyze the regulations in the field of logistics of territorial defense of Ukraine in the modern period and provide suggestions for improving legal regulation in this area.

The experience of Switzerland and Israel deserves to be borrowed for the Institute of Local Territorial Defense of Ukraine, as these countries maintain armies that operate on the principles of universal conscription.  All men under the age of 19 to 50 undergo military (alternative) service. A small part of the regular professional army maintains modern equipment and weapons, systematically trains a large number of reservists, who are kept on the principle of the police system and keep light small arms, ammunition and equipment.

That is, these countries, due to national and historical features, built national regular armies to conduct defense, including territorial. However, they in a special way effectively keep 95-98% of the army personnel in reserve. These are countries with a total system of general military service, that’s relevant at present for Ukraine in point of view of Russian military aggression.

As for the institute of local territorial defense in Ukraine, we propose to prescribe in the Law of Ukraine "On Fundamentals of National Resistance" certain provisions on social motivation and logistics of "voluntary assistants" for a quality information motive to protect the sovereignty and territorial integrity of Ukraine.

In addition, we propose to understand the logistical support of the territorial defense of Ukraine as a set of measures to ensure all the necessary activities related to ensuring the combat capability of territorial defense entities for the effective implementation of the assigned tasks.
Some observations regarding the law-making nature of the Supreme Court of Ukraine’s opinions on application of law
Authors: Doiar Ye.
Published: August 2022

Having examined the legal properties of legal opinions of the Supreme Court of Ukraine embodied in provisions of Ukrainian law in view of the concept asserting the law-making orientation of the legal opinions of the Supreme Court as well as in view of the concept stating that all the outcomes of judicial application of law only specify and individualize law without changing or repealing any existing legal norms, the author concludes that at the moment, despite the proximity of legal opinions to the legal norms in terms of their universally binding nature and their establishment of rules of conduct beyond the literal reproduction of the relevant legislation, a more convincing scientific justification has the thought that the legal opinions of the Supreme Court of Ukraine only set out the results of interpretation of legal norms and determine the way to specify its meaning to the extent necessary to determine the rights and duties of parties to particular relationships based on their individual features. It is noted that there is no reason to state categorically that, having determined the pattern of correct application of law, the Supreme Court of Ukraine filled it with a completely new meaning, which does not follow from this or other rules of law. The author argues that the formation of a completely new legal rule by the Supreme Court is impossible, given that there are no phenomena that have legal significance and are not covered by the legal rules and regulations, at least, by the most abstract legal instruments. Moreover, the law-making nature of the Supreme Court's legal opinions is not substantiated by the fact that they are officially recognized as derived from legal norms, the proper application of which they determine, while the rule of law is always the primary legal regulator and has no external source of legal force. It should also be taken into account that the legal opinion of the Supreme Court cannot be a self-sufficient legal basis for resolving the issue of law.
Current problems of higher education system reform in Ukraine: legal aspect.
Authors: Tymchak V.V.
Published: August 2022

The state policy in the field of education and science plays a decisive role in ensuring the development of human capital and obtaining economic benefits in the form of sustainable growth and competitive economy, and means public and individual well-being, future prosperity and quality of life.

Stabilization and further socio-economic growth of Ukraine largely depends on the qualitative training of specialists whose level of competence could provide the production of a science-intensive and competitive in the world market of products, to make Ukraine's economy more resistant to the effects of market globalization. Update, but in fact - the formation of a national higher education system, modernization of the content of education and technologies of training, introduction of modern forms of organization of the educational process that would meet large-scale social and economic transformations that began to take place in Ukraine.

The article analyzes the processes of reforming higher education in Ukraine at the substantial-practical and theoretical and legislative levels. The initiatives of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine are considered, profile normative legal acts (in particular the Law of Ukraine "On Education"), prospects for introducing a system for obtaining knowledge in accordance with the standards of the law of the European Union (in particular regarding the implementation of the requirements of the Association Agreement between Ukraine and the European Union).

The scientific research analyzes the statements of domestic scholars concerning the problems of reforming the system of higher education, parallels between the concepts and the main tasks of such reform.

The prospects of efficiency of the educational system in Ukraine are outlined, author's interpretation of existing legal conflicts of the specified sphere is provided.

Considering this issue, it should be noted that the democratization of higher education is part of the general process of democratization of education, which provides for the elimination of the state's monopoly on education and the transition to the socio-state system, independence of educational institutions in choosing the goals, content, organization and methods of work.
Ensuring the safety of persons participating in criminal proceedings: procedural aspects
Authors: Anisimova Y.V. , Ilchenko O.V
Published: August 2022

The importance of the existence of the institution of ensuring the safety of persons involved in criminal proceedings is obvious to Ukraine. The completeness of consideration and investigation of the circumstances of the case, establishment of the objective truth on it depends on the absence of any pressure on the participants of the process.

In order to achieve the objectives of the criminal process, Ukraine has introduced an institute to ensure the safety of persons involved in criminal proceedings, which provides a number of measures aimed at protecting the lives, housing, health and property of such persons from unlawful influence. The process of ensuring the safety of persons during criminal proceedings in Ukraine is in unsatisfactory condition. The mechanism for ensuring the safety of persons involved in criminal proceedings is incompletely regulated and insufficiently effective. All this contributes to the emergence of public distrust in the functioning of this institution and threatens the implementation of the tasks of the criminal process.

The article considers the main procedural aspects of ensuring the safety of persons involved in criminal proceedings, the main shortcomings of the functioning of this institution and the gaps in the current criminal legislation of Ukraine. Due attention is paid to the practical experience of highly developed countries, where the mechanism of ensuring the safety of persons who facilitate the implementation of criminal justice, has been developed over the years and is a model for the establishment of such an effective system in Ukraine. The implementation of international norms and standards in criminal law will help build an effective and reliable institution for ensuring the safety of persons involved in criminal proceedings in Ukraine. The article also considers such procedural aspects as the range of persons entitled to security and the range of bodies that ensure security, provides a list of possible security measures.

The necessity of making changes to the criminal legislation of Ukraine, introduction of own system of protection of witnesses and introduction of the international norms and standards in the domestic legislation is defined.
Natural Type of Law Understanding as Jurisprudence Activity Based Theory Basis
Authors: Bilozorov Ye.V.
Published: August 2022

The article is devoted to the the natural law school certain provisions coverage indicating its connection with the activity based approach in jurisprudence and is the basis for the legal phenomena and processes epistemology by means of activity based theory. Attention is paid to the importance of researching the “compatibility” of law understanding various types, aspects of their interaction and possible conflicts. The undeveloped theory of activity as a jurisprudence component is indicated as a factor of insufficient research of the problems. The aim of the article is to cover possible aspects of interconnection between the activity based theory as a jurisprudence component and the school of natural law.

The methodological provisions determining the content of the study were as follows: the term “natural understanding of law” (natural type of law understanding; natural school of law) –it is not a single holistic theory, but a number of concepts related to the essential perception of law not as a prescriptive text, reflecting the will of public authorities, but as such a public relations regulator that meets the requirements of justice; is based on human rights, has a close connection with morality; activity based theory is considered as a system of knowledge that allows to interpret legal phenomena and processes based on the relationship of law and human activity, which, on the one hand, is a factor in the formation and development of law, and, on the other hand, law is a means of regulating human activity (jurisprudence activity based theory can be a means of interpreting legal phenomena as dynamic phenomena). The social nature of law stipulates the variability of lawthat should correspond to the relations governed by legal norms. Jurisprudence activity based theory allows to find out the origin, and functioning of legal phenomena and trends in their development.

Some provisions of the doctrines of law of such thinkers as I. Kant, B. Leoni, L. Fuller, R. Alexi, and R. Dworkin are described.

It is concluded that the described concepts of law of different lawyers, reflecting the axiological, essential characteristics of the natural type of law understanding (it is about the moral aspect of law, the impossibility of immoral law existance, human dignity as the basis of law, etc.). Lawyers’ activity, the activity of judges, particularly,is indicated as the means of “formalization” of law. Legal activity is a factor in the acquisition of the “official” nature by law. The characteristics given above indicate the possible aspect of using the activity based theory provisions as a jurisprudence component, by which the legal activity is.
Legal problems of functioning of the financial system of Ukraine during martial law
Authors: Dudnik V.M. , Harbinska-Rudenko A.V. , Yatsenko Yu.G.
Published: August 2022

The article is devoted to the study of changes and legal problems in the functioning of the financial system of Ukraine, which arose as a result of the full-scale war of the Russian Federation against Ukraine and the imposition of martial law on February 24, 2022. As of today, the imposition of martial law in Ukraine has caused significant changes in all spheres of life without exception, including changes in the financial system of Ukraine. A perfect and developed financial system is an example of the unity of financial resources and, accordingly, a guarantee of full implementation of the state, defined by current legislation, tasks and functions.

The financial system is inextricably linked with the functioning of the state, as it is an instrument for the accumulation and rational use of financial resources. Analysis of the peculiarities of the financial system of Ukraine during martial law allows us to assess the scale of changes that have occurred, to determine their impact on socio-economic processes in the country, the possible consequences of such changes and ways to resolve them.

The article identifies the main changes and examines the problematic aspects of the functioning of the financial system at present. Obviously, changes are not always positive and there may be difficulties in their implementation. The biggest changes were made to the State Budget of Ukraine and local budgets, which suffered the greatest burden in all possible aspects. Due to the fact that the main part of financial resources is aimed at meeting the defense and social needs of the state, the problems of imbalance of expenditures and revenues of the budget, significant public debt and irrational distribution of expenditures have become acute.

The foreign exchange market, which is a component of the financial market, has also undergone significant changes. Nevertheless, the foreign exchange market of Ukraine continues to operate subject to restrictions imposed during the martial law by the relevant public authorities and relating to currency regulation in order to preserve financial resources in the country.

The issue of analysis of already known ways to solve the problems of the financial system and search for new ones that ensure the adaptation of the financial system to modern needs, including ensuring the defense needs of Ukraine and the smooth functioning of public finance.
Administrative and legal prerequisites for the economic development of united territorial communities under martial law
Authors: Pavlovych-Seneta Jа.P.
Published: August 2022

The article is devoted to the analysis of administrative and legal preconditions of economic development of united territorial communities in the conditions of martial law. The measures already implemented on the organization of financial independence of local budgets are studied and the prospects of further implementation of the measures of the mentioned municipal reform in the conditions of martial law are considered. Based on the conducted scientific analysis of administrative and legal bases for economic development of united territorial communities in Ukraine, the authors express their own proposals aimed at strengthening their material and financial base in the face of the challenges of martial law. It is noted that Ukrainian communities, which have become more effective through decentralization reform, are showing resilience even in wartime. Their main goal today is to create conditions for the provision of quality public services at the level closest to the citizen. The concept of OTG capability in martial law, as the ability to accumulate and rationally use available financial, material, human and other resources, as well as identify and use their reserves to meet current needs, needs of internally displaced persons, territorial development and military logistics , formation of OTG competitiveness in the future. Creating preconditions for economic capacity of territorial communities involves optimizing the financial and economic base of local governments, optimizing intergovernmental relations, forming effective local budgets that can ensure the performance of local government functions. -territorial units are communal property, natural resources, land. The problems of relocation of business and internally displaced persons, as well as the impact of these factors on the development of united territorial communities are considered. Guarantees of material and financial capacity of local self-government bodies in the conditions of martial law are covered. Martial law involves the provision of public authorities, military command, necessary to deter the threat, repel armed aggression and ensure national security.
The place of the prosecutor's office in the institutional dimension of protection of constitutional rights and freedoms of man and citizen.
Authors: Makosii Yu.
Published: August 2022

The article is devoted to the analysis of the place of the prosecutor's office in the institutional dimension of protection of constitutional rights and freedoms of man and citizen. It is established that the current multifaceted set of human and civil rights and freedoms, the peculiarities of their implementation and the real possibility of protection depend directly on the process of state formation, the various nature of political, economic, social and cultural factors.

Certainly, the constitutional and legal norms, which are regulated in the Constitution, play the role of basic (fundamental) principles, are general, from them originate all other rules of conduct of a universally binding nature within the framework of national legislation. The provisions of the Basic Law are set out in more detail in the relevant (sectoral) laws, which contributes to the proper fulfillment of the functional purpose of the Ukrainian state, the main purpose of which is, inter alia, protection of human and civil rights and freedoms.

Emphasis is placed on the protection of human rights to a large extent depends on the peculiarities of procedural norms of law, as well as the proper organization of the activities of public authorities. The mechanism of protection of socio-cultural and economic rights provides for the existence of a specific number of public authorities, additional guarantees of procedural and organizational nature.

It is emphasized that an important component of the rule of law, which is applied in the exercise of the right to judicial protection, is the principle of proportionality, which provides, inter alia, prohibits arbitrariness not only the body authorized to adopt regulations, but also those.

It is established that the reform of the prosecutor's office as an important element of the human rights protection mechanism should be carried out taking into account the positive experience of European states through strategic planning of sustainable development of the legal institution Ukraine-EU.
War thinking as a social practice and international law.
Authors: Vovk V.
Published: August 2022

The article reveals little-studied aspects of war as a social practice. It is shown that social practices are intertwined with social reality and are the consequences of local transformations of people’s usual actions, which indicates the dynamics of the society’s development as a whole and a “pragmatic turn” in modern humanities and social sciences. It is pointed out that war as a social phenomenon and social practice has been inherent in humanity since the earliest times. Intelligence service became possible thanks to the analysis of the works of scientists-specialists in the field of social philosophy and international law, published in periodicals and monographic literature, which served as material for the study of this topic. On the basis of modern developments of the concept of social practices, the author proves that war is one of the utilitarian social practices of our time. It is indicated that all social practices (including war) basically have an activity aspect, therefore they can be effectively investigated using the activity approach. Particular attention in the article is paid to the temporal characteristics of war as a social practice, in particular: uncertainty, clarity of chronological limits, contextuality and situationality, and the specificity of social time. Within the situational and contextual nature of war as a social practice, it is proved that the invariability of axiological core of war as an armed clash of adversaries does not exclude changes in the forms of war determined by a specific sociocultural context. Considerable attention in the article is paid to the modern form of war – network-centric, which has formed within the framework of the modern information society and is the result of the application of the latest scientific achievements in the field of information and communication technologies. The article also reflects the issues of ritualization, war customs and military affairs.
Powers of the President of Ukraine as the Supreme Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces of Ukraine: characteristics of content and volume
Authors: Kotliarenkо O.P.
Published: August 2022

The article analyzes the provisions of legal acts that define the "war" powers of the President of Ukraine, taking into account the adopted legislative novelties that give additional powers to the President of Ukraine as the Supreme Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces of Ukraine. In our opinion, these novelties require a thorough legal analysis, taking into account the discretionary nature of the powers and the lack of sufficient complete legal mechanisms for their implementation.

It was found that the Constitution of Ukraine gives the President of Ukraine significant powers in the field of security and defense, which are also reflected in the Law of Ukraine "On National Security of Ukraine". The President of Ukraine embodies the status of the head of state, guarantor of state sovereignty and territorial integrity of Ukraine, as well as the Chairman of the National Security and Defense Council of Ukraine and the Supreme Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces of Ukraine.

It is noted that current trends in enshrining additional "military" powers of the President of Ukraine in law lead to increasing involvement (approximation) in the mechanism of exercise of powers as the Supreme Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces of Ukraine. At the same time, this makes it possible to raise the question of his/her indirect affiliation with the Armed Forces of Ukraine.

On the example of the Law of Ukraine "On the peculiarities of state policy to ensure the state sovereignty of Ukraine in the temporarily occupied territories in Donetsk and Luhansk regions" demonstrated elements of negative lawmaking. It is noted that the Procedure for preparing and submitting draft acts of the Supreme Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces of Ukraine remains unclear, which gives the developer the opportunity to determine the procedure for their preparation, approval, execution and publication at his/her discretion.

Problematic issues of legislative regulation of the powers of the Supreme Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces of Ukraine are highlighted. In this regard, provisions have been proposed aimed at improving the mechanism for exercising the powers of the President of Ukraine as the Supreme Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces of Ukraine.

It is concluded that the legal structure of the second part of Article 6 of the Law of Ukraine "On Defense of Ukraine" does not contain a regulatory burden, has a reference and scattered nature. This seems unacceptable given the social importance of the consequences of such decisions. Given the current threats to Ukraine's military security, sovereignty and territorial integrity caused by large-scale armed aggression by the Russian Federation, the issue of exercising the powers of the President of Ukraine as Supreme Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces of Ukraine is of great socio-political importance.
Teori Berperilaku Menurut Al-Qabisi: Urgensi Pembentukan Karakter Islami dalam Psikologi Pendidikan Islam
Authors: Rofiq Arif , Aini Ulvia
Published: August 2022

Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu mengeksplorasi faktor yang membentuk perilaku menurut sudut pandang al-Qabisi. Perilaku manusia dipengaruhi oleh faktor internal dan eksternal. Menurut sudut pandang al-Qabisi faktor eksternal berupa kekuatan agama menjadi faktor utama pembentuk perilaku seseorang. Kekuatan agama ini akan mendorong dan memotivasi seseorang untuk berperilaku. Sehingga diperlukan pendidikan untuk membimbing, mengasah, memahami, dan membina perilaku manusia agar menjadi perilaku yang dikendaki oleh agama. Menurut Al-Qabisi konsep pendidikan menekankan pada pendidikan yang bercirikan religius sehingga menitik beratkan pada aspek afektif agar terciptanya peserta didik yang berakhlakul karimah. Karena tujuan hidup seseorang ialah mencari ridho Allah SWT dan mencapai kebahagiaan dunia-akhirat. Sehingga pendidik berkewajiban menuntun dan mendidik peserta didik agar menjadi anak yang berakhlak sholih dan berkarakter Islami.Kata Kunci : Perilaku, Religius, Karakter
PENGARUH BODY IMAGE TERHADAP KEPERCAYAAN DIRI SISWA
Authors: Muyana Siti , Salamah Dara Gati Mustikaning , Hestiningrum Erni , Barida Muya
Published: August 2022

Everyone has their own standard of physical form. But in reality, not everyone has a physique that matches the standards he has made. This triggers many people who are less confident with their physical form. This condition makes researchers carry out research that intends to see the effect of body image on self-confidence. This research uses correlational quantitative research with student subjects. This research instrument uses a body image scale and a self-confidence scale. Validity testing uses expert tests and trials, while reliability uses Cronbach's Alpha. This research data analysis technique uses the Linear Regression formula. The results of the research show that there is an effect of body image on students' self-confidence. The magnitude of the influence of Body Image on self-confidence is 35.8%.
Pengembangan komik digital untuk mencegah bullying pada siswa kelas VII
Authors: Kurniawan Maulana Ichsan
Published: August 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan dan menguji kelayakan komik digital untuk mencegah bullying siswa kelas VII. Jenis penelitian menggunakan metode research and development yang dikemukakan oleh Borg and Gall. Hasil validasi ahli media sebesar 92,5%, ahli psikologi pendidikan sebesar 98,4% dan praktisi guru BK sebesar 96,6% dengan kriteria “Baik Sekali”, sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa komik digital untuk mencegah bullying layak digunakan.  Proses siswa dapat mencegah bullying dengan membaca komik digital ialah melalui isi pesan informasi-informasi yang terdapat di dalam komik digital yaitu cara-cara menyikapi atau mencegah terjadinya bullying. Melalui sikap tersebut maka siswa sebagai pembaca komik akan mendapatkan keterampilan dalam menghadapi bullying sebelum terjadi atau sudah terjadi. Saran bagi peneliti selanjutnya untuk dapat menguji hasil pengembangan pada artikel ini untuk mengetahui efektivitas penggunaan komik digital untuk mencegah perilaku bullying. Dengan demikian, penelitian ini dapat menjadi rujukan bagi para guru BK untuk memberikan media komik digital pada permasalahan bullying di sekolah.