bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Expert systems! Who knows?
Authors: Vestergaard Flemming
Published: September 2023

A number of aspects of knowledge representation in expert systems are discussed. The aim is mainly to introduce to them, and as regards expert system technology the discussion is quite introductory, the perspective being more that of simple practice in the fieldthan state-of-the-art applications. The main subject is how knowledge is embodied in expert systems, in particular with respect to explicitness and articulation. It is suggested that expert systems may embody knowledge in ways more similar to human knowledgerepresentation than do conventional computer systems. Important reservations concerning this claim are also made.
Dramaturgos, críticos e ratos: reflexões sobre o teatro em Edgar Allan Poe
Authors: Jardim Jéssica Cristina
Published: September 2023

Bernard Shaw perguntou, certa vez, se os Estados Unidos de Edgar Allan Poe alguma vez já existiram ou se foram tão-somente elaborados pela extraordinária imaginação poética do escritor. Autor de obra singular em seu tempo, célebre pelos contos detetivescos, de terror e de morte e pela notável obra poética, como o célebre poema “O corvo”, Poe é abordado neste livro em sua faceta menos conhecida: o crítico de teatro e dramaturgo. Jéssica Cristina Jardim discorre sobre as influências que a arte dramática teria exercido na obra e no pensamento do escritor, revisitando momentos centrais da história do teatro nos Estados Unidos e localizando a produção artística e intelectual do autor como afluente dos nacionalismos que se formam no curso do século XIX. Em muitos momentos, a produção crítica de Poe busca responder à pergunta: afinal, como conciliar as heranças culturais inevitavelmente vindas da Inglaterra com a formação de uma literatura e de um teatro nacionais? Assim, se por um lado, os Estados Unidos presentes em sua obra ficcional foram, talvez, insuperáveis em termos imaginativos, não podemos, por outro lado, negar a Poe seu engajamento com uma das inquietações mais importantes de seu tempo.
Topological structures induced by chromatic partitioning of vertex set of graphs
Authors:   Department of Mathematics, Sri Kaliswari College, Lalithambigai K. , Gnanachandra P. ,   Centre for Research and Post Graduate Studies in Mathematics, Ayya Nadar Janaki Ammal College
Published: September 2023

This paper presents a method of constructing topologies on vertex set of a graph G induced by chromatic partition of vertex set of the graph. It introduces colour lower approximation and colour upper approximation of vertex induced subgraphs and acquaints the open and closed sets of the topology generated by chromatic partition on the vertex set of graphs. It explores some of the properties of colour lower approximation and colour upper approximation of vertex induced subgraphs. It also establishes some new subgraphs based on the colour lower approximation and colour upper approximation and some of their properties have been studied.
Retinal input integration in excitatory and inhibitory neurons in the mouse superior colliculus in vivo
Authors: Gehr Carolin , Sibille Jeremie , Kremkow Jens
Published: September 2023

The superior colliculus (SC) is a midbrain structure that receives inputs from retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). The SC contains one of the highest densities of inhibitory neurons in the brain but whether excitatory and inhibitory SC neurons differentially integrate retinal activity in vivo is still largely unknown. We recently established a recording approach to measure the activity of RGCs simultaneously with their postsynaptic SC targets in vivo, to study how SC neurons integrate RGC activity. Here, we employ this method to investigate the functional properties that govern retinocollicular signaling in a cell type-specific manner by identifying GABAergic SC neurons using optotagging in VGAT-ChR2 mice. Our results demonstrate that both excitatory and inhibitory SC neurons receive comparably strong RGC inputs and similar wiring rules apply for RGCs innervation of both SC cell types, unlike the cell type-specific connectivity in the thalamocortical system. Moreover, retinal activity contributed more to the spiking activity of postsynaptic excitatory compared to inhibitory SC neurons. This study deepens our understanding of cell type-specific retinocollicular functional connectivity and emphasizes that the two major brain areas for visual processing, the visual cortex and the SC, differently integrate sensory afferent inputs.
Effect of Phosphorus Solubilizing Bacteria in Combination with Poultry Manure on Soil Health and Sugarbeet Productivity under Arid Climate
Authors: Atif Muhammad , Waqas Muhammad , Abid Javeria , Arif Muhammad , Akbar Noor , Basit Abdul , Kanwal Shamsa , Fahad Muhammad , Rawaha  , Sanaullah
Published: September 2023

Sustainable agricultural productivity is under threat due to lack of interest in the use of bio-organic fertilizers to alleviate drawbacks of conventional agricultural practices. Phosphorus solubilizing bacteria plays vital role in improving phosphorus availability to plants through slowly release from inorganic and organic soil phosphorus budgets by solubilization and mineralization. Furthermore, phosphorus solubilizing bacteria in combination with poultry manure has great potential to improve phosphorus uptake, growth and development of the plants.  Firstly, a pot experiment consisted of seven strains of phosphorus solubilizing bacteria (PSB) with one control (un-inoculated) were used using completely randomized design (CRD) for 55 days screening trial to screen out the efficient phosphorus solubilizing bacterial strains. Secondly, a field experiment was performed in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) at Research Farm of College of Agriculture, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Bahadur Sub Campus Layyah, South Punjab-Pakistan during 2019-2020 to explore the effect of screened efficient phosphorus solubilizing bacterial strains; PSB0=No inoculation; PSB2=Bacillus spp. PSB2, PSB3=Bacillus spp. PSB3, PSB5=Bacillus spp. PSB5, PSB6=Bacillus spp. PSB6 in combination with poultry manure; PM0= without poultry manure and PM1= with poultry manure (20 t ha-1) on growth and yield traits of sugarbeet, and rhizosphere soil health indicators.  Results regarding pot experiment showed that phosphorus solubilizing bacterial strains PSB2, PSB3, PSB5 and PSB6 had great potential to improve growth traits of sugarbeet crop and screened as efficient phosphorus solubilizing bacterial strains. Results of field experiment revealed that the combined application of efficient phosphorus solubilizing bacterial strains (PSB2 and PSB5) with poultry manure (20 t ha-1) produced the highest growth, and yield traits of sugarbeet crop, and rhizosphere soil health indicators.Our findings suggest that the combined application of efficient phosphorus solubilizing bacterial strains (PSB2 and PSB5) with poultry manure (20 t ha-1) is a promising and viable option to achieve the maximum sugarbeet productivity under changing environmental scenarios.
Prevalent Variability among Jackfruit Genotypes: An Assessment on Fruit and Flake Characteristics
Authors: Snehaa D. , Rajadurai K. R. , Saraswathy S. , Anitha T. , Rajesh S.
Published: September 2023

Jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam) belongs to the family Moraceae is a tropical climacteric fruit and known to be the world’s largest edible fruit. Tropical Asia is regarded as origin of jackfruit. India is considered as the mother land of jackfruit with the production of 1.4 million tonnes per year. All parts of jackfruit is consumable, the flesh of jackfruit in unripen stage can be used as vegetable and in fully ripen stage can be used as fruit. Seeds can be used for making curries. Jackfruit bulbs are rich in sugars and contain fair amounts of carotene, protein and minerals. Jackfruit is rich in dietary fiber, which makes it a good bulk laxative. Jacalin content present in seeds has anti-cancer abilities. Finding a jackfruit genotype with high nutritional composition is highly recommended. An experiment was conducted during the year 2022-2033 at Department of Fruit Science, Horticultural College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Periyakulam. Biometric parameters of 25 jackfruits genotypes, collected from diverse locations were evaluated for variations observed in their morphological features and sensory attributes. The results showed that AH 2, AH 7, AH 11 genotypes sampled from Theni, Cuddalore, Pondicherry district exhibited impressive results with high recovery percentage and proved to be economical   in comparison to other genotypes. Based on flake quality AH 2 found to be suitable for table purpose and AH 7, AH 11 for culinary purpose. These findings will come handy in studying the variation among genotypes for future hybridization programme to develop superior varieties.
Subsoil Acidity Amelioration for Improved Soil Productivity
Authors: Mathew Akhila Merin , B. Rani
Published: September 2023

Subsoil is the layer (stratum) of earth immediately below the surface soil (below 20 cm), consisting predominantly of minerals and leached materials such as iron and aluminium compounds. A favourable condition of subsoil is important for improved productivity of deep-rooted crops like maize, sorghum, soybean etc. Any physical, chemical or biological characteristic of the soil located below the seedbed that limits the ability of crops or pasture to access water and nutrients is considered as a constraint to the subsoil. Subsoil acidity characterized by low Ca and high Al at depths below the plough layer, constrains crop productivity all over the world, especially in the highly weathered acid soils of the humid tropics. Yield reduction due to subsoil acidity results from high concentrations of soluble Al, Mn etc. or low plant-available calcium or magnesium in the root zone, inhibiting physiological and biological activities, root development and uptake of nutrients as well as water. Aluminium toxicity in the subsoil is the major growth limiting factor associated with subsoil acidity. Research findings suggest that conventional surface liming has very little effect on subsoil acidity. Therefore, successful amelioration of acidity in the subsoil requires specialised management practices involving application of soluble sources of calcium or magnesium or improving the solubility and downward movement of liming materials by the application of organic amendments like biochar. This paper attempts to analyse the impacts of subsoil acidity on soil productivity and its mitigation strategies.
Crop Health Monitoring through Remote Sensing: A Review
Authors: Gajbhiye Mrinali , Agrawal K. K. , Jha A. K. , Kumar Narendra , Raghuwanshi Monika
Published: September 2023

Agriculture is basis of livelihood for a major portion of world population. It provides food to humans. With the increasing population and climate change there is need to enhance production to fulfil the demand of growing population. Remote sensing technology has potential to predict nutrient requirement by providing various information related to plant and soil in quantitative terms thereby increasing productivity. It plays important role in monitoring crop health, crop growth and development, nutrient management, pest and disease management, water management and weed management. Evaluation of crop canopy provide various information regarding agronomic parameters. The data obtained from remote sensing provides a better alternative for natural management than traditional methods and this kind of management enhances efficiency of various resources by avoiding their overuse. By using this technology, we can improve traditional methods of agriculture and bring out changes in the field of agriculture. This paper reviews remote sensing technology for crop health monitoring, highlighting its importance with new ideas for agriculture.
Effect of Gamma Irradiation on Growth Parameters of Vegetable Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp)
Authors: Atchaya U. , Sankari A. , Kalaiyarasi R. , Savitha B. K. , Vanitha K. , Hemavathy A. Thanga
Published: September 2023

Aim: The present investigation was carried out to study the effect of gamma irradiation on the growth parameters of cowpea variety Paiyur-1.Seeds were irradiated with physical mutagen viz., gamma irridation. The doses of radiation used were control, 50 Gy, 100 Gy, 150 Gy, 200 Gy, 250 Gy, 300 Gy, 350 Gy, and 400 Gy.Finding the LD50 and GR50 value for the physical mutagen dosages is the study's major goal. Cs137 is exposed to gamma radiation, and the observation were recorded in the M1 generation.

Study Design: The regression method by applying Probit analysis based on rates of fatalities was utilised to estimate the Lethal Dose (LD50). Simple Linear Regression on the dose-response curve was adopted to evaluate the GR50 incorporating all of the vegetative parameters using R software.

Place and Duration of Research: The study was carried out at Horticulture orchard, Department of Vegetable Science, Horticulture College and research Institute, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore during 2022-2023.

Methodology: In this study, the paiyur-1 variety of cowpea was sown with two replications, those mutagenized seeds were planted individually in germination paper using the roll towel method and dry seeds that weren't irradiated served as the control. To find the lethal dose 50 and to observe the shoot length, root length, germination percentage, mortality rate and seed vigour.

Results: Among the 9 gamma irradiated treatments, 50Gy and 100 Gy exhibited superior germination percentages, despite the fact 50 Gy treated seeds were having appealing shoot length, root length, and plant height. The linear relationship have given that shoot length and root length are the two parameter that are highly susceptible to gamma irradiation than plant height and seed vigour.
Harnessing the Antifungal Potential of Seed Bacteriome against Major Seed and Soil-borne Pathogens in Blackgram
Authors: K. C. Chandana , Lakshmi S. , Anand T. , Kavitha S. , Rahale C. Sharmila
Published: September 2023

Blackgram is an important pulse crop in India. One of the major constraints on blackgram production is the attack of pathogens, which leads to yield loss. Nowadays, with the understanding of harmful effects of chemical fungicides, biocontrol methods are gaining more importance. One such method is biopriming with endophytes to control pathogens and enhance yield. In the present study, the endophytes of blackgram seeds was explored and tested for its biocontrol potential against major seed- and soil-borne pathogens and growth promotion in blackgram. A total of 14 bacterial endophytic isolates were obtained and screened against Macropomina phaseolina and Fusarium oxysporum. Among them, BSE5 isolate was proven to be more efficient in inhibiting the mycelial growth of M. phaseolina and F. oxysporum, with per cent inhibition of 22.5 and 50.6, respectively, following BSE9. Both the isolates showed improved plant growth parameters like germination percentage, root length, shoot length, dry matter production and vigour index. Molecular characterisation of BSE5 and BSE9 confirmed that the isolates are Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Bacillus xiamenensis.
Evaluation of Tabernaemontana divaricata Accessions for Loose Flower Production
Authors: Niranjana S. , Visalakshi M. , Ganga M. , Vethamoni P. Irene , Boopathi N. Manikanda
Published: September 2023

Crepe jasmine or East Indian rosebay or pinwheel flower, Tabernaemontana divaricata originated from India is a popular large shrub or a small tree grown in tropical and sub-tropical gardens for its beautiful glossy foliage and mild fragrant waxy white, ornamental flowers. It produces flowers throughout the year, except in winter but profusely during summer season. Rather than the opened flowers, the unopened flower buds are commonly used as an alternate to Jasminum sambac buds in off-season. The present investigation was carried out at the Department of Floriculture and Landscape Architecture, Horticulture college and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu agriculture university, Coimbatore during 2022-2023. Randomized Block Design was used with three replications with the objective of investigating promising genotypes of Tabernaemontana divaricata, collected based on the type of petals from different locations for loose flower production.  In the study totally 12 accessions were collected and named from Acc. No. 1 to 12. They are evaluated for their vegetative and floral parameters such as plant height, leaf length, leaf width, no. of branches, plant spread in EW & NS direction. Floral parameters include bud length, bud diameter, stalk length and no. of petals/flower. Out of the collected accessions, Acc. No. 2 & 5 are suitable for veni arrangement and Acc. No.10 & 11 are suitable for garland making. Buds of acc. No.4 & 6 are similar to Jasminum sambac and J. auriculatum buds.
Molecular Detection of Yellow Mosaic Virus Infecting Black Gram and Green Gram in Coimbatore District
Authors: Shaji Hridya , Kannan R. , Harish S. , Anita B. , Sudha M.
Published: September 2023

Yellow mosaic virus (YMV) is indeed one of the most destructive diseases of mungbean (Vigna radiata (l.) wilczek) and urdbean (Vigna mungo l. Hepper). Mungbean Yellow Mosaic Virus infecting green gram and black gram cause great yield loss.The virus belongs to the genus begomovirus of the family geminiviridae transmitted by white fly. Infected samples were collected and scored according to disease scale. Diseased samples were collected from infected plants from the field of Coimbatore district and percent disease index was calculated. The symptoms of yellow mosaic virus ranges from small yellow spots which develop as mosaic yellow patterns. Later the disease leads to complete yellowing of the leaf samples. Percent Disease Index impart the severity of virus in black gram and green gram field.The DNA was isolated from both black gram and green gram samples through CTAB method. Both the quality and quantity of the DNA was evaluated through gel electrophoresis and nanodrop reading and found to be appreciably good. The DNA was molecularly confirmed with universal primer which show amplification around 1200 bp through Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). Polymerase chain reaction of Yellow Mosaic Virus infecting black gram and green gram samples using MYMV-CP-f/MYMV-cp-r primers of DNA A component were amplified and the expected product of size 1000 bp from the obtained infected samples.
Development and Validation of a Mobile Application for Predicting the Risk of Anastomotic Leakage in Patients Operated for the Treatment of Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Dias Vinícius Evangelista , Filho Homero Terra Padilha , Campos Ivy de , Oliveira Suellen Rosa de , Moreira Bruno Nascimento , Silva Brucy Júlio , Silva Thais Almeida Marques da , Soares Aleida Nazareth
Published: September 2023

Background: The scientific literature presents some tools for predicting the risk of anastomotic leakage in patients operated on for the treatment of colorectal cancer. However, a mobile application for this purpose has not been built yet.

Aim: To build and validate a mobile application capable of predicting the risk of anastomotic leakage in patients operated for the treatment of colorectal cancer.

Methods: An application containing a prognostic index for urgent colectomy and an index for elective colectomy was built (Leak Index). This application was validated by judges in the area of ​​general surgery and coloproctology using the SUS table (Scale Usability System).

Results: Regarding the general evaluation, it is observed that the judges agree regarding the usability of the application, with a general S-CVI of 0.90 being registered, above the criterion of 0.80, which corresponds to 90.01% of general agreement of the evaluators. Raters mostly agree on ease of use (I-CVI = 0.95) and that people will quickly learn to use it (I-CVI = 0.955).

Conclusion: An application with excellent usability rates was built to predict the risk of anastomotic leakage in patients who underwent colectomy for the treatment of colorectal cancer.
Compound Odontome at Angle of Mandible: An Unusual Case Report
Authors: Shandilya Pankhuri , Singh Priyankar , Singh Swati , Singh Nimmi , Mishra Navin , Iqbal Jawed
Published: September 2023

Rationale: A neoplastic cyst like lesion which resembles a tumor and arises from tooth forming tissues. Patient reported with rocky hard swelling of left lower jaw leading to difficulty in mouth opening, facial deformity and consistent mild pain.

Diagnosis: Compound odontome usually based on clincoradiological findings.

Treatment: Unilateral hard mass was surgically removed from mandible and reconstruction plate were placed. On separation specimen yielded 17 teeth like structure.

Results: Outcomes as we see histologically multiple small teeth like structures are surgically removed under general anesthesia and reconstructed with titanium plates.
Efficacy of Ozonized Sunflower Oil with Tea Tree Oil as Desensitizing Agents in Dental Bleaching: Randomized and Double-Blind Clinical Trial
Authors: Schneider Luiza Maria , Cardoso Poliana Maria de Faveri , Ueda Julio Katuhide , Mendonça Márcio José , Camilotti Veridiana
Published: September 2023

Background: Dental bleaching is one of the most commonly prescribed procedures in aesthetic dentistry due to its effectiveness and minimally invasive nature. However, a recurrent and challenging side effect is dentin hypersensitivity after the procedure.

Aim: This study aimed to evaluate whether the use of ozonized oil combined with tea tree oil is effective in controlling post-bleaching dentin sensitivity.

Methods: A randomized, double-blind, split-mouth clinical trial was conducted. Participants were divided into two experimental groups (n=29) according to the desensitization protocol: control group: potassium nitrate and sodium fluoride; test group: ozonized sunflower oil combined with tea tree oil. Both groups were applied before dental bleaching with 35% hydrogen peroxide. The obtained data were subjected to statistical analysis using a non-parametric Friedman repeated measures ANOVA test (p < 0.05), followed by the Durbin-Conover post hoc test (p < 0.05).

Results: In the assessment of sensitivity level, there were no statistically significant differences between the test group and the control group. A higher level of sensitivity was observed for the lower arch after one hour of bleaching agent removal in both groups, and the color change was statistically equal between the two groups.

Conclusion: The study concluded that the test group paste was as effective in reducing dental sensitivity caused by dental bleaching as the control group. Additionally, neither of the groups affected the bleaching capacity of hydrogen peroxide.
Early Excision and Grafting Versus Delayed Skin Grafting in Extensive Burn Patients: A Retrospective Study at the National Burn Center in Morocco
Authors: Harti Amine El , Sabur Sara , Habla Marouane , Youssfi Ahlam , Karti Sarah , Diouri Mounia
Published: September 2023

Severe burns pose significant challenges to patients and healthcare providers due to their high mortality rate and prolonged hospital stay. This article aims to investigate the effects of early excision and skin grafting compared to conservative management with delayed skin grafting on reducing mortality and hospitalization duration.

We conducted a retrospective study to evaluate the outcomes of acute burn patients with extensive burns admitted to the National Burn Center in Morocco from January 2017 to December 2022, with a total body surface area (TBSA) of a burn between 10% to 60%.

The findings suggest that early excision and skin grafting significantly decrease the mortality rate and hospital stay in extensive burn patients. However, careful patient selection, meticulous surgical techniques, and appropriate postoperative care remain crucial for achieving optimal outcomes.
THE IMPACT OF WORK-LIFE QUALITY ON HOTEL EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE
Authors: Wiastuti Rachel Dyah , Adi Stephan Collindes , Sarim Sarim , Rashid Basri
Published: September 2023

The purpose of this research is to identify the impact of work-life quality on hotel employee performance. This study used a quantitative approach. Primary data was collected through a survey using face- to- face questionnaire to 134 hotel employees. Data were analyzed with descriptive statistics, correlation, and regression using SPSS. The result indicated that work-life quality has a significant influence on employee performance with a value of 34.1 percent, in which both showed a moderate correlation but were significant and positive. This implies that the higher the work-life quality, the higher the employee performance will be, and vice versa. This study implication presents recommendations for the hotel industry specifically on how to keep the company competitive advantage through work-life quality and employee performance. To add, this study also contributes to the human resources literature in the hospitality context.
Novel Meningoencephalomyelitis Associated With Vimentin IgG Autoantibodies
Authors: Wan Dongshan , Zhao Shufang , Zhang Chen , Xu Fang , Wang Huizi , Tao Shaoxin , Qiu Zhandong , Jiang Hao , Li Dawei , Wang Fei , Li Dong , Chen Jiahao , Wang Yan , Yan Yao , Zhao Yan , Gao Xiaohan , Jin Bingxue , Liu Di , Zhang Mengyao , Feng Jingjing , Hou Shiyue , Wang Mingyang , Chen Teng , Lin Ming , Han Jinming , Wen Xinmei , Jiang Wei , Liu Liang , Long Youming , Zhao Yinan , Kira Jun-Ichi , Liu Zheng , Chai Guoliang , Hao Junwei
Published: January 2025

Importance

Autoantibodies targeting astrocytes, such as those against glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) or aquaporin protein 4, are crucial diagnostic markers for autoimmune astrocytopathy among central nervous system (CNS) autoimmune disorders. However, diagnosis remains challenging for patients lacking specific autoantibodies.

Objective

To characterize a syndrome of unknown meningoencephalomyelitis associated with an astrocytic autoantibody.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This retrospective case series study included samples collected from April 2021 to May 2024 at a tertiary referral hospital among patients with uncharacterized CNS autoimmune disorders and similar clinical and radiological features. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) was performed on cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cells of 2 index patients to identify the putative target antigen of the clonally expanded B cells. A comprehensive screening for additional patients was conducted using blinded cell-based and tissue-based assay. Candidate patients were followed up for a median (range) duration of 23 (5-31) months.

Exposures

scRNA-seq, autoantibody characterization, and testing.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Detection of the autoantibody and characterization of the associated autoimmune meningoencephalomyelitis.

Results

Fourteen candidate patients (10 [71%] female; median [IQR] age, 33 [23-41] years) were identified. Initially, CSF from 2 female patients with unknown encephalomyelitis showed astrocytic reactivity on rat tissue but was negative for GFAP IgG. A total of 17 of 37 clonally expanded B cell clonotypes (46%) in their CSF expressed IgG autoantibodies targeting the astrocytic intermediate filament protein vimentin. Subsequent screening identified 12 additional patients. These 14 patients shared a unique clinical profile characterized by relapsing courses and symptoms prominently involving the cerebellum, brainstem, and corticospinal tract (CST). All patients also exhibited elevated CSF protein and cells, intrathecal immunoglobulin synthesis, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showing bilateral lesions on CST. Notably, 8 of 12 patients (67%) who received first-line immunotherapy at their first episode responded well. At the last follow-up, 11 patients (79%) experienced significant disability (modified Rankin Scale ≥3).

Conclusions and Relevance

In this case series, autoantibodies targeting the astrocytic intermediate filament protein vimentin were identified in patients with previously undifferentiated meningoencephalomyelitis and common radiographic features.
Laser Powder Bed Fusion of Diamond‐Reinforced AlSi10Mg: Printing Process, Interfacial Characterization, and Mechanical Properties
Authors: Kraiem Nada , Tessier‐Doyen Nicolas , Mao Aofei , Ji Gang , Wang Fei , Loubère Emmanuel , Dong Haoyu , Zhu Qiuchi , Cui Bai , Silvain Jean‐François , Lu Yong Feng
Published: January 2025

The additive manufacturing of metal matrix composites (MMCs) using laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) is gaining considerable attention for its ability to produce high‐performance materials with intricate geometries. However, incorporating reinforcement such as diamond (D) particles poses challenges to the melting and solidification behavior of the powders, potentially affecting print quality. In this study, the laser irradiation of AlSi10Mg powder mixed with 5 vol% of uncoated D particles is investigated across varying processing parameters. Dense (97%) and crack‐free parts are successfully produced using high laser powers (300 and 400 W) and low laser scanning speeds (300 and 400 mm s−1). It is shown that the energy needed for proper melting of the powder surpasses that required for printing pure AlSi10Mg. Scanning transmission electron microscopy coupled with energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy uncovers a direct interfacial reaction between the molten aluminum (Al) and the D reinforcement, forming Al carbide at the Al–D interface. Moreover, Al composites processed under optimal energy density exhibit an enhanced Young's modulus. It is highlighted that optimizing LPBF processing parameters is crucial to achieve superior material properties in MMCs, while controlled matrix–reinforcement interactions offer the potential for tailored properties.
High‐Performance Bi‐Based Catalysts for CO₂ Reduction: In Situ Formation of Bi/Bi₂O₂CO₃ and Enhanced Formate Production
Authors: Li Ben , Chen Jiadong , Wang Lihua , Xia De , Mao Shanjun , Xi Lingling , Liu Huajie , Ying Sibin , Wang Yong
Published: January 2025

The unavoidable self‐reduction of Bismuth (Bi)‐based catalysts to zero‐valence Bi often results in detrimental adsorption of OCHO*, leading to unsatisfactory selectivity of HCOOH in the electroreduction of carbon dioxide (CO2). A novel Bi‐tannin (Bi‐TA) complex is developed, which undergoes in situ reconstruction into a Bi/Bi₂O₂CO₃ phase during CO2 reduction. This reconstructed catalyst exhibits high activity and selectivity, achieving a Faradaic Efficiency (FE) for formate production exceeding 90%, peaking at 96%. Operando spectroscopic and theoretical analyses reveal that the Biδ+ active site in Bi/Bi₂O₂CO₃ significantly enhances the formation of the OCHO* intermediate, crucial for formate production. The study offers a promising approach to overcoming the limitations of Bi‐based catalysts in CO2 reduction to formate.
Impact of climate change stressors—temperature, CO2, and UV‐B—on early growth and development of different cover crop species
Authors: Kharel Tulsi P. , Reddy K. Raja , Sehgal Akanksha , Kodadinne Nisarga , Bheemanahalli Raju , Bhandari Ammar B. , Reddy Krishna N. , Gao Wei
Published: January 2025

Different cover crop (CC) species may respond differently to the projected climate change scenarios. A study was carried out in a controlled environmental chamber to evaluate early season growth and development of five CC species: cereal rye (Secale cereale L.), triticale (x Triticosecale Wittmack), winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), crimson clover (Trifolium incarnatum L.), and mustard (Brassica juncea). Treatments consisted of two levels of carbon dioxide (CO2) (420 and 720 ppm), ultraviolet‐B (UV‐B) radiation (0 and 10 kJ m−2 day−1), and temperatures (29/21°C and 19/11°C day/night), and their combinations. Root, shoot, and physiological parameters were recorded, and a combined stress response index (CSRI) was derived. Results indicated that higher CO2 (+CO2) had a net positive effect on all five CC species, with CSRI values ranging from 1.0 to 5.1. Conversely, higher UV‐B radiation (+UV) had a net negative impact, with CSRI values ranging from −2.9 to −7.6. The most favorable environment for all CC species was the combination of increased fall temperature and elevated CO2 (+T+ CO2). The negative impact of +UV was mitigated in an elevated CO2 and a high temperature environment, mimicking fall temperatures in the US Midsouth. Among the CC species, mustard was the most responsive, with a 151% increase in root and shoot combined dry weight under the +T+ CO2 treatment and an 86% decrease under the +UV treatment. Rye and triticale were the least impacted by the imposed climatic stressors. These results are of particular interest to the agricultural and environmental science community as they offer insights into developing and selecting CC species with adaptable and desirable morphological characteristics in anticipation of a changing climate.
Biodegradable Epoxy Thermosets Prepared by Mixing Diglycidyl Ether of Bisphenol A and Epoxidized Soybean Oil and Their Electrical and Mechanical Properties
Authors: Park Jae‐Jun , Lee Sangmin
Published: January 2025

To develop a biodegradable epoxy resin matrix for high‐voltage insulating composites, petroleum‐based diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA) epoxy and epoxidized soybean oil (ESBO) were mixed, and their biodegradability and electrical and mechanical properties were studied. DGEBA/ESBO epoxy mixtures were in the ratios of 100/0, 90/10, 80/20, 70/30, 60/40, and 50/50, respectively. In the soil burial test, as ESBO content increased, DGEBA/ESBO thermosets disintegrated into smaller pieces by 4–6 months, while the DGEBA thermoset without any ESBO preserved its geometry throughout the degradation study for 8 months. Crosslink density was studied by a solvent swelling method and the Flory–Rehner equation, and glass transition temperature, Tg, was measured by a differential scanning calorimetry, and it was found that crosslink density and Tg were highest in the DGEBA/ESBO (80/20) thermoset. All mechanical strengths and electrical insulation breakdown strengths were obtained in the DGEBA/ESBO (80/20) thermoset, which could be used as a biodegradable matrix for high‐voltage insulating composites.
A Synergistic Strategy for Cost‐Effectively Reducing Formaldehyde Emission of Urea‐Formaldehyde Resin via Glyoxal Copolymerization and Urea Post‐Addition
Authors: Zhao Jin , Wang Hang , Kan Yufei , Gao Zhenhua
Published: January 2025

Although urea‐formaldehyde (UF) resin is extensively used in the wood industry for its cost‐effectiveness, good bonding performance, and technological applicability, reducing formaldehyde emission to levels comparable with non‐formaldehyde adhesives while maintaining cost efficiency remains a challenge. In this study, a novel glyoxal‐urea‐formaldehyde (GUF) resin adhesive with low formaldehyde emission (F**** grade), desired pre‐pressing performance, and good bonding properties was developed through the synergistic effect of the glyoxal copolymerization and the post‐adding urea as formaldehyde scavenger (FS). FTIR, NMR, XPS, DSC, and TGA analyses showed that the copolymerization formed substituted hydroxymethyl structures. The cross‐linking reaction between GUF resin and post‐added urea was enhanced, which reduced formaldehyde emission from GUF‐bonded plywood to 0.20 mg/L. This value is 33% lower than the 0.3 mg/L required for F**** grade plywood, according to JAS standards. The GUF‐bonded plywood maintained a warm water‐soaked wet strength of 0.74 MPa and a pre‐pressing strength of 0.82 MPa. The optimal conditions were 10% of glyoxal for copolymerization and 4.5 wt% of post‐added urea, which did not cause the cost increase of GUF resin. This synergistic strategy offers a cost‐effective approach to reduce formaldehyde emission from UF resin, demonstrating promising potential for broad application in the production of wood composites.
In‐Depth Study of the Synergistic Flame Retardant Mechanism of Montmorillonite and IFR/SBS Composites by Real‐Time Detection of Charcoal Layer Resistance
Authors: Zang Baichao , Huo Jiale , Chen Baoshu , Gao Xiping , Yao Dahu , Chen Jing , Lu Chang
Published: January 2025

The inability to observe the evolution of the char layer morphology during the combustion process hinders an in‐depth understanding of the synergistic flame‐retardant mechanism between montmorillonite and expandable flame retardants (IFR). In this study, a novel device for real‐time detection of char layer resistance was used to explore the synergistic flame retardant mechanisms of montmorillonite (MMT) and organically modified montmorillonite (OMMT) in combination with IFR in a styrene‐butadiene‐styrene (SBS) matrix. Thermogravimetric analysis, IR spectroscopy, and x‐ray diffraction tests indicate that both MMT and OMMT can promote the generation of crosslinked structures in the char layer, improving the thermal stability of the char. Additionally, combining real‐time char layer resistance detection with scanning electron microscopy (SEM), it was found that OMMT enhances the expansion and continuity of the char layer, whereas MMT leads to the rupture of the char layer during the expansion process, which affects its flame retardant performance. This study shows that the synergistic effect of OMMT with IFR is superior to that of MMT, mainly because OMMT is better distributed in the SBS matrix, increasing the viscosity of the char layer, inhibiting gas escape, and promoting the expansion and continuity of the char layer.
H∞$$ {H}_{\infty } $$ fault‐tolerant intermittent load frequency control of multi‐area power systems under deception attacks
Authors: Su Hua‐Ran , Wang Zi‐Peng , Tian Meng‐Meng , Li Yue‐Yang , Zhao Dong
Published: January 2025

This paper introduces an
fault‐tolerant intermittent load frequency control (LFC) strategy for multi‐area power systems (PS) under disturbances, actuator failures, and deception attacks. Initially, in order to reduce the required cost and the impact caused by the actuator failures in the multi‐area PS under disturbances and deception attacks, a new
fault‐tolerant intermittent control scheme is proposed. Subsequently, by developing switching‐time‐dependent Lyapunov function, the exponential stability and
‐gain performance are guaranteed. Finally, the
fault‐tolerant intermittent LFC is proved effective by taking a three‐area PS under disturbances, actuator failures, and deception attacks as an example.
Assessment of Garbage Enzyme as a Bioremediation Method for the Wastewater Treatment
Authors: Singh Anoop Narain , Ray Maya Rajnarayan , Mishra Umank , Jethwa Kruti B. , Yadav Nishant , Shankhwar Nisha , Chauhan Gulab Singh , Meshram Kundan
Published: January 2025

This study evaluates the efficacy of garbage enzyme (GE) in bioremediation to reduce pollutants in sewage drains that discharge into the natural streams and rivers. Garbage enzyme is prepared with help of brown sugar, fruit, vegetable wastes, and water in the proportion 1:3:10 (by weight), which is then applied to the samples collected from various drainage sites in Jaunpur district, Uttar Pradesh, India. Different concentrations of GE (ranging from 0% to 20%) are mixed with sewage to assess pollution reduction. Different parameters, that is, pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), total suspended solids (TSS), total dissolved solids (TDS), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), and CD have been measured on 3rd, 5th, 7th, 10th, 15th, and 20th days. It has been observed in the study that significant percentage reduction in BOD, COD, TSS, and TDS of 80.6%, 62.9%, 74.29%, and 43.9%, respectively, while an increase in DO is 67.8% on 20th day of experiment with 20% GE addition. The result of the study reveals that there is highest reduction occurring on the 20th day with a 20% GE concentration. It has been observed that the GE possesses protease, amylase, and lipase activity. Meaning GE contains microorganisms that breakdown carbohydrates, fats, and proteins and it hydrolyzes these complex organic molecules into simpler compounds, making them more readily biodegradable and that is the reason for substantial reduction in the pollutants. Moreover, in this study it has been observed that there is a notable decrease in foul odor emanating from the samples. Time‐dependent fluctuations in pH, TDS, DO, BOD, COD, and temperature are documented, with their correlations examined. This investigation underscores GE's potential in pollution mitigation, particularly in sewage systems, and offers valuable insights for sustainable environmental management practices aimed at conserving natural water bodies. Further tests are required to check the efficiency of treatment with GE dosage higher than 20%.
The potential of deep learning in improving K‐12 students' writing skills: A systematic review
Authors: Bal Mazhar , Öztürk Emre
Published: January 2025

The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between technology‐supported writing instruction at the K‐12 level and deep learning approaches and to understand the trends in this field. In the study, 12 articles selected from Web of Science, Scopus, ERIC and EBSCO databases were systematically analysed. The findings reveal that the methods differed in teaching writing, with the use of educational technologies varying according to educational level. While authentic learning environments were created with SVVR technology in primary school, artificial intelligence (AI)‐supported assessment systems were used in secondary school and AI literacy and interdisciplinary approaches gained importance in high school. The diversity of research methods and the use of multiple data collection tools show that educational technology research has become more in‐depth and comprehensive. The effectiveness of technology‐supported writing processes varies according to students' cognitive development levels: in primary school, virtual and augmented‐reality technologies improve writing performance; while in secondary school, AI‐supported systems improve analytical thinking skills. In high school, NLP technologies and interdisciplinary applications strengthen higher‐order thinking skills and writing abilities. At all levels, peer collaboration and feedback stand out as critical elements that support deep learning. The selection and application of educational technologies in accordance with students' cognitive development levels play an important role in determining the success of writing processes.
Exploring South Asian American Identities, Acculturation, Contexts and the Intersections of Mental and Physical Health: A Scoping Review
Authors: Raval Vaishali V. , Banerjee Meeta , Patel Puja , Gandhi Ritika , Durazi Amaesha , Subrahmanyam Kaveri , Mistry Rashmita S.
Published: January 2025

Despite being the second largest Asian immigrant group in the United States, South Asian Americans are highly underrepresented in the psychological literature. Considered a ‘model minority’, South Asian Americans are a target of discrimination based on their Brown identity and religious affiliations, making it critical to examine their experiences. Extending the integrated conceptual framework to research pertaining to South Asian Americans published from 2012 to 2022, the aim of this scoping review was three‐fold: (i) to identify the demographics of South Asian Americans included; (ii) to identify whether there was discussion or assessment of contexts of emigration and settlement, religious or sociocultural values or beliefs, and individual interpretive processes or everyday activities; and (iii) to identify which aspects of psychological functioning are studied. Utilising PsycInfo, Scopus, and EBSCO, 103 publications met the inclusion criteria and were reviewed. Indian Americans were the most studied subgroup. Acculturation and physical/mental health, or relationships, parenting, and identity were frequently studied domains. The review highlights the critical need for future studies to examine the diversity of South Asian American experiences, assess relevant contexts, beliefs, values and worldviews and explore individual meaning‐making processes using culturally sensitive methods. Please refer to the Supporting Information section to find this article's community and social impact statement.
46, XY Complete Gonadal Dysgenesis (Swyer Syndrome) Presenting as Primary Amenorrhea in a Normomorphic Adult Female From Kakamega, Kenya
Authors: Omoaghe Christian
Published: January 2025

Differences/disorders of sex development (DSDs) are a diverse group of congenital conditions that result in disagreement between an individual's sex chromosomes, gonads, and/or anatomical sex. The 46, XY DSD group is vast and includes various conditions caused by genetic variants, hormonal imbalances, or abnormal sensitivity to testicular hormones, leading to varying degrees of under‐virilization. A 19‐year‐old phenotypically normal female from Kakamega, Kenya, presented with primary amenorrhea. Physical examination revealed Tanner stage 3 breast development, Tanner stage 4 pubic hair, normal external genitalia, and a gynoid body shape. Hormonal profile tests indicated hypergonadotropic hypogonadism with normal 17‐hydroxyprogesterone and testosterone levels. MRI revealed a hypoplastic uterus and absent ovaries. Karyotyping confirmed a 46, XY genotype, leading to the diagnosis of 46, XY complete gonadal dysgenesis (Swyer syndrome). Swyer syndrome is a rare disorder of sex development, characterized by unambiguous female genitalia, bilateral streak gonads, and elevated gonadotropin levels in individuals with a 46, XY karyotype. The condition results from abnormal gonadal development due to mutations in testis‐determining factors, most commonly the SRY gene. Patients typically present with primary amenorrhea and seldom have secondary sexual characteristics as this patient had. Management includes hormone replacement therapy and gonadectomy because of the increased risk of gonadal tumors. The patient was educated about her condition, initiated on combined contraceptive pills, and counseled on exploratory laparoscopic gonadectomy. This case highlights the importance of a comprehensive diagnostic approach in patients with primary amenorrhea, keeping in mind that patients with disorders of sex development may have developed secondary sexual characteristics.