Productivity of soybean in various crop rotations with orgаno-mineral fertilisation in the Left Bank Forest-Steppe
Authors:   National Scientific Centre "Institute of Agriculture of the National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine", Tsymbal Ya. S. , Martyniuk I. V. ,   National Scientific Centre "Institute of Agriculture of the National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine", Ptashnik M. M. ,   National Scientific Centre "Institute of Agriculture of the National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine", Shliakhturov D. S. ,   National Scientific Centre "Institute of Agriculture of the National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine", Oksymets O. L. ,   National Scientific Centre "Institute of Agriculture of the National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine"
Published: February 2025

Topicality. In the context of the economic and environmental crisis, efficient utilisation of land resources, optimisation of the structure of agricultural areas in all natural and climatic zones, considering the particular characteristics of each region, and environmental conservation are important factors for sustainable development of agricultural production. Crop rotations should be dynamic, combined and intensive, and their implementation should always be based on scientific justification. Purpose. To determine the influence of the structure, set and arrangement of field crops in various crop rotations on the total productivity, yield and seed quality of soybeans. Methods. The research was conducted in the subzone of unstable moistening of the Left-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine on typical low-humus chernozem at the Panfyly Research Station of the National Research Centre "Institute of Agriculture of the NAAS of Ukraine". Soybeans were grown in
6-8-field crop rotations under an organic-mineral fertilisation system to study the influence of predecessors on productivity, yield and seed quality. The crop cultivation technology in the experiment is generally accepted and recommended for the research zone. Methods used: long-term field, laboratory-field, laboratory (chemical, physicochemical), mathematical and statistical. Results. The long-term stationary field experiment on the study of crop rotations, which was established in 2001, convincingly proves that 6–8-field crop rotations with proportion of soybeans from 12.5 to 16.7 % were highly effective in this zone over 2016–2020. The soybean seed yield, which was grown after buckwheat, winter and spring wheat as predecessors and the corresponding crop set in crop rotations, was in the range of 2.92–3.47 t/ha with oil content in seeds of 20.7–21.5 %. The economic efficiency of soybean cultivation in the structure of various crop rotations was as follows: net operating profit – 12.55–16.76 thsd UAH/ha at a level of profitability – 116–152 %. Conclusions. It was found that the most productive in the Left-Bank Forest-Steppe zone was a 6-field crop rotation with proportion of soybean of up to 16.7 % (soybean – winter wheat – sugar beet – spring barley – maize for grain – buckwheat) under the organic-mineral fertilisation system (by-products of the predecessor + N0P40K40). The yield per 1 ha of arable land was 4.79 t of fodder units and 1.01 t of digestible protein at a net operating profit of 16.76 thsd UAH/ha and a profitability of 152 %.
Key words: crop, crop rotation, yield, fodder units, crude protein, oil content, profitability, net operating profit