bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Screening for Subclavian Artery Stenosis
Authors: Sommerset Jill , Lee Chungeun , Sigmund Alexis , Rao Priyanka , Feliciano Beejay , Vea Yolanda , Teso Desarom , Karmy-Jones Riyad
Published: October 2023

Introduction:

Subclavian artery stenosis of >50% has been linked to an increased risk of cardiovascular morbidity, complications after carotid interventions, and difficulty in managing hypertension. This has led to increased emphasis on screening for these lesions. In addition, these lesions may be associated with upper extremity symptoms including claudication and pain at rest.

Methods:

A retrospective review of patients who were referred over a 2-year period for arm pain in the setting of suspected or proven subclavian artery stenosis or occlusion was performed. This was compared to an unmatched cohort of patients who underwent carotid artery duplex with subclavian artery duplex for other reasons. Data included measuring the interbrachial systolic pressure difference (>15 and >20 mm Hg), arm-arm index, and hand acceleration time (HAT).

Results:

Among the172 patients studied, 48 had subclavian artery stenosis or occlusion and 26 of these had corresponding symptoms. Female gender ( P = .012), history of coronary intervention ( P = .007), hypertension ( P = .039), and arm-arm index of <0.9 ( P = .0001) were significantly associated with subclavian artery stenosis or occlusion. A HAT of >100 milliseconds was significantly associated with symptomatic subclavian artery stenosis or occlusion.

Conclusions:

An arm-arm index of <0.9 is a useful tool for screening for subclavian artery stenosis. In patients with subclavian artery stenosis, HAT may be useful in confirming that the arm symptoms are due to this particular lesion.
Mitochondrial transplantation attenuates traumatic neuropathic pain, neuroinflammation, and apoptosis in rats with nerve root ligation
Authors: Huang Chi-Chen , Chiu Hsin-Yi , Lee Po-Hsuan , Fang Shih-Yuan , Lin Ming-Wei , Chen Hui-Fang , Lee Jung-Shun
Published: October 2023

Traumatic neuropathic pain (TNP) is caused by traumatic damage to the somatosensory system and induces the presentation of allodynia and hyperalgesia. Mitochondrial dysfunction, neuroinflammation, and apoptosis are hallmarks in the pathogenesis of TNP. Recently, mitochondria-based therapy has emerged as a potential therapeutic intervention for diseases related to mitochondrial dysfunction. However, the therapeutic effectiveness of mitochondrial transplantation (MT) on TNP has rarely been investigated. Here, we validated the efficacy of MT in treating TNP. Both in vivo and in vitro TNP models by conducting an L5 spinal nerve ligation in rats and exposing the primary dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons to capsaicin, respectively, were applied in this study. The MT was operated by administrating 100 µg of soleus-derived allogeneic mitochondria into the ipsilateral L5 DRG in vivo and the culture medium in vitro. Results showed that the viable transplanted mitochondria migrated into the rats’ spinal cord and sciatic nerve. MT alleviated the nerve ligation-induced mechanical and thermal pain hypersensitivity. The nerve ligation-induced glial activation and the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and apoptotic markers in the spinal cord were also repressed by MT. Consistently, exogenous mitochondria reversed the capsaicin-induced reduction of mitochondrial membrane potential and expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and apoptotic markers in the primary DRG neurons in vitro. Our findings suggest that MT mitigates the spinal nerve ligation-induced apoptosis and neuroinflammation, potentially playing a role in providing neuroprotection against TNP.
Statistical analysis of various splitting criteria for decision trees
Authors: Aaboub Fadwa , Chamlal Hasna , Ouaderhman Tayeb
Published: October 2023

Decision trees are frequently used to overcome classification problems in the fields of data mining and machine learning, owing to their many perks, including their clear and simple architecture, excellent quality, and resilience. Various decision tree algorithms are developed using a variety of attribute selection criteria, following the top-down partitioning strategy. However, their effectiveness is influenced by the choice of the splitting method. Therefore, in this work, six decision tree algorithms that are based on six different attribute evaluation metrics are gathered in order to compare their performances. The choice of the decision trees that will be compared is done based on four different categories of the splitting criteria that are criteria based on information theory, criteria based on distance, statistical-based criteria, and other splitting criteria. These approaches include iterative dichotomizer 3 (first category), C[Formula: see text] (first category), classification and regression trees (second category), Pearson’s correlation coefficient based decision tree (third category), dispersion ratio (third category), and feature weight based decision tree algorithm (last category). On eleven data sets, the six procedures are assessed in terms of classification accuracy, tree depth, leaf nodes, and tree construction time. Furthermore, the Friedman and post hoc Nemenyi tests are used to examine the results that were obtained. The results of these two tests indicate that the iterative dichotomizer 3 and classification and regression trees decision tree methods perform better than the other decision tree methodologies.
Glycemic and Psychosocial Correlates of Continuous Glucose Monitor Use Among Adolescents With Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Straton Emma , Inverso Hailey , Moore Hailey , Anifowoshe Kashope , Washington Kendall , Streisand Randi , Datye Karishma , Jaser Sarah S.
Published: October 2023

Background: Continuous glucose monitor (CGM) use has been linked with better glycemic outcomes (HbA1c), yet many adolescents with type 1 diabetes (T1D) struggle to maintain optimal CGM use. Methods: This study examined CGM use and its association with HbA1c and psychosocial factors among adolescents with T1D experiencing at least moderate diabetes distress (N = 198). We examined mean differences in HbA1c, diabetes distress, diabetes-related family conflict, and quality of life among CGM user groups ( Current Users, Past Users, and Never Users). Results: Current Users demonstrated significantly lower HbA1c than Never Users and significantly lower diabetes distress than Past Users. CGM use was not associated with family conflict or quality of life. Conclusions: CGM use was associated with lower HbA1c and diabetes distress but not with other psychosocial outcomes. Longitudinal data may explain why many adolescents do not experience improvements in quality of life with CGM use.
Ultra-Short Echo Time–MRI T2* Mapping of Articular Cartilage Layers Is Associated with Histological Early Degeneration
Authors: Imamura Rui , Teramoto Atsushi , Murahashi Yasutaka , Okada Yohei , Okimura Shinichiro , Akatsuka Yoshihiro , Watanabe Kota , Yamashita Toshihiko
Published: October 2023

Objective

Ultra-short TE (UTE) sequences on MRI are a technique that improves the visualization of tissues with short T2 relaxation time, such as deep cartilage layers. In addition, T2* relaxation time calculated from the UTE has the potential to evaluate water molecules bound to the cartilage matrix. This study was performed to determine if there is an association between UTE-T2* relaxation time by cartilage layer and histological degeneration in knee osteoarthritis (OA).

Design

Seven knees that had undergone total knee arthroplasty (TKA) were included in the study, and the lateral tibial cartilage, which had the least degeneration of the resected bones, was used as the sample. The T2* relaxation time of 4 patients with no abnormal findings on MRI was the reference relaxation time. Histological degeneration of TKA samples was assessed by the Mankin score and graded as the early OA group (≤3 points) and the advanced OA group (≥4 points). The association between T2* relaxation time and Mankin grade in each cartilage layer was compared. The effect of angiogenesis to the tidemark on T2* relaxation time was also compared.

Results

T2* relaxation time of the cartilage layer was significantly longer in early OA than that in the control group. In the deep cartilage layer, the mean T2* relaxation time for angiogenesis (−) was 15.7 ms, whereas it was significantly shorter for angiogenesis (+) at 8.2 ms.

Conclusions

The UTE-T2* relaxation time was associated with histological cartilage degeneration, suggesting a potential application in monitoring early cartilage degeneration.
A new dual function dorsal root ganglion stimulation in pain management: a technical note and case report
Authors: Wang Qiao , Han Rui , Hu Rong , Liu Qianxi , Huang Dong , Zhou Haocheng
Published: October 2023

Sensitization of dorsal horn ganglion sensory neuron plays a crucial role in the maintenance of chronic pain disorder. Multiple interventions targeting dorsal horn ganglion can provide considerable relief of pain, including selective nerve root block, pulsed radiofrequency, and electrical nerve stimulation technique. It remains controversial about the superiority of neuromodulation mentioned above due to distinct pattern of analgesic mechanism. Here, we reported one 71-year-old male presenting at our pain clinic with severe, unilateral lower limb pain caused by postherpetic neuralgia. An implantable stimulator with dual neuromodulation mode, combining pulsed radiofrequency with electrical nerve stimulation, was then placed into the lateral epidural space adjacent to dorsal root ganglion at L4 level. Standard stimulation programing was performed with technicians to achieve satisfactory control of pain, with numerical rating scale decreasing from 8 to 2 postoperatively. This novel dual function neuromodulation strategy may provide an alternative option for pain management for those with intractable neuropathic pain.
Immunization Coverage in Young People Experiencing Homelessness and the Impact of a Nurse-led Program
Authors: Tominc Belinda L. , Francis Kate L. , Sawyer Susan M. , Heerde Jessica A. , O’Neill Jenny , Henning Dot
Published: October 2023

Objectives:

To identify the proportion of young people experiencing homelessness who are immunized against vaccine-preventable diseases, and to evaluate the impact of a nurse-led immunization program to improve vaccination coverage in this population.

Methods:

A retrospective audit of electronic medical records included 400 participants aged 15 to 24 years who had an encounter with the Young People’s Health Service, a nurse-led clinic co-located with a specialist youth homelessness service in Melbourne, Australia, between February 2019 and May 2021.

Results:

Integrating an immunization nurse within a youth specialist homelessness service increased the percentage of young people who were up-to-date with routine vaccinations from 6.0% (n = 24) to 38.8% (n = 155). Intersecting social determinants of health that increased participants’ risk of vaccine preventable diseases, and of missing routine vaccines, were common.

Conclusions:

Incomplete coverage of routine vaccines is common in young people accessing homelessness services, and this coverage was improved when young people encountered an immunization nurse while accessing support from a specialist youth homelessness service. As a service model, nurse-led community health clinics co-located within homelessness providers can improve vaccination coverage, and therefore health outcomes, of young people experiencing or at risk of homelessness.
Changing Trends and the Effectiveness of Informal Care Among Rural Elderly Adults in China
Authors: Wang Lianjie , Tang Yao
Published: October 2023

The economic and social transformation of rural areas, coupled with the decline of family-based elderly care and increasing health risks, necessitates in-depth research on the effectiveness of informal care for rural elderly adults. Utilizing 10-year, four-period follow-up data from the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS) between 2008 and 2018, this study empirically examines the changing trends and heterogeneity of informal care. In addition, this paper identifies factors impacting on the satisfaction of rural informal care services, providing a comprehensive understanding of the effectiveness of these services for different segments of the rural elderly adults. The results indicate that the changing trends of informal care for rural elderly adults follows a differential pattern, with over 60% relying on their children, and 7.79% to 13.27% on their spouses. Only a small fraction of elderly individuals relies on institutional care and market-oriented care, with percentages below 2% and 3%, respectively. While over 95% of rural elderly adults express satisfaction with their informal care services, less than 50% are fully satisfied, and the proportion of dissatisfied elderly adults is increasing annually. Key variables impacting on the effectiveness of informal care services include marital status, health status, living arrangement, care intensity, care expenditures, pension insurance, and daily community care support. Policy options such as financial support for informal care, enhancement of the old-age security system, and the establishment socialized formal care can help alleviate the burden of informal care for rural elderly adults.
Utility of Talus Osteochondral Allograft Augmentation for Varying Hill-Sachs Lesion Sizes: A Cadaveric Study
Authors: Ganokroj Phob , Garcia Alexander R. , Hollenbeck Justin F.M. , Fossum Bradley W. , Peebles Annalise M. , Whalen Ryan J. , Chang Peter S. , Provencher Matthew T.
Published: October 2023

Background:

Humeral head reconstruction with fresh osteochondral allografts (OCA) serves as a potential treatment option for anatomic reconstruction. More specifically, talus OCA is a promising graft source because of its high congruency with a dense cartilaginous surface.

Purpose:

To analyze the surface geometry of the talus OCA plug augmentation for the management of shoulder instability with varying sizes of Hill-Sachs lesions (HSLs).

Study Design:

Controlled laboratory study.

Methods:

Seven fresh-frozen cadaveric shoulders were tested in this study. The humeral heads were analyzed using actual patients’ computed tomography scans. Surface laser scan analysis was performed on 7 testing states: (1) native state; (2) small HSL; (3) talus OCA augmentation for small HSL; (4) medium HSL; (5) talus OCA augmentation for medium HSL; (6) large HSL; and (7) talus OCA augmentation for large HSL. OCA plugs were harvested from the talus allograft and placed in the most medial and superior aspect of each HSL lesion. Surface congruency was calculated as the mean absolute error and the root mean squared error in the distance. A 1-way repeated-measures analysis of variance was performed to evaluate the effects of the difference in the HSL size and associated talus OCA plugs on surface congruency and the HSL surface area.

Results:

The surface area analysis of the humeral head with the large (1469 ± 75 mm2), medium (1391 ± 81 mm2), and small (1230 ± 54 mm2) HSLs exhibited significantly higher surface areas than the native state (1007 ± 88 mm2; P < .001 for all sizes). The native state exhibited significantly lower surface areas as compared with after talus OCA augmentation for large HSLs (1235 ± 63 mm2; P < .001) but not for small or medium HSLs. Talus OCA augmentation yielded improved surface areas and congruency after treatment in small, medium, and large HSLs ( P < .001).

Conclusion:

Talus OCA plug augmentation restored surface area and congruency across all tested HSLs, and the surface area was best improved with the most common HSLs—small and medium.

Clinical Relevance:

Talus OCA plugs may provide a viable option for restoring congruity of the shoulder in patients with recurrent anterior glenohumeral instability and an HSL.
Previous Mental Load and Incentives Influence Anticipatory Arousal as Indexed by the Baseline Pupil Diameter in a Speech-in-Noise Task
Authors: Alfandari Defne , Richter Michael , Wendt Dorothea , Fiedler Lorenz , Naylor Graham
Published: October 2023

Listening effort and fatigue are common experiences when conversing in noisy environments. Much research has investigated listening effort in relation to listening demand using the speech-in-noise paradigm. Recent conceptualizations of listening effort postulate that mental fatigue should result in decreased arousal and a reluctance to invest further effort, particularly when the effort is not worthwhile. The aim of the study was to investigate the influence of fatigue on listening effort, in interaction with listening demands and motivation. To induce fatigue 30 adults with normal hearing completed a 40-minute long speech-in-noise task (“load sequence”). Pre- and post-load sequence listening effort was probed in easy and hard listening demands (individually adjusted signal-to-noise ratios); with high and low motivation (manipulated with monetary incentives). Subjective effort, estimated performance, and tendency to quit listening were collected using rating scales. Baseline pupil diameter and mean pupil dilation were recorded as indices of anticipatory arousal and objective effort. Self-reported effort and mean pupil dilation were overall larger during hard SNR as compared to easy SNR. Baseline pupil diameter declined from pre- to post-load sequence, suggesting an overall decrease in arousal. Monetary incentives had no influence on the baseline pupil diameter for the easy SNR condition, but for the hard SNR condition larger incentives led to larger baseline pupil diameter. These results suggest that anticipatory arousal may be influenced by fatigue and motivation effects. Models of listening effort should account for the independent influence of motivation and previous load on anticipatory arousal and effort in distinct parameters.
Early Light Sedation Increased the Duration of Mechanical Ventilation in Patients With Severe Lung Injury
Authors: Hatozaki Chie , Sakuramoto Hideaki , Ouchi Akira , Shimojo Nobutake , Inoue Yoshiaki
Published: October 2023

Introduction

The international guidelines recommend light sedation management for patients receiving mechanical ventilation. One of the benefits of light sedation management during mechanical ventilation is the preservation of spontaneous breathing, which leads to improved gas-exchange and patient outcomes. Conversely, recent experimental animal studies have suggested that strong spontaneous breathing effort may cause worsening of lung injury, especially in severe lung injury cases. The association between depth of sedation and patient outcomes may depend on the severity of lung injury.

Objective

This study aimed to describe the patients’ clinical outcomes under deep or light sedation during the first 48 h of mechanical ventilation and investigate the association of light sedation on patient outcomes for each severity of lung injury.

Methods

The researchers performed a retrospective observational study at a university hospital in Japan. Patients aged ≥20 years, who received mechanical ventilation for at least 48 h were enrolled.

Results

A total of 413 patient cases were analyzed. Light sedation was associated with significantly shorter 28-day ventilator-free days compared with deep sedation in patients with severe lung injury (0 [IQR 0–5] days vs. 16 [0–19] days, P = .038). In the groups of patients with moderate and mild lung injury, the sedation depth was not associated with ventilator-free days. After adjusting for the positive end-expiratory pressure and APACHE II score, it was found that light sedation decreased the number of ventilator-free days in patients with severe lung injury (−10.8 days, 95% CI −19.2 to −2.5, P = .012).

Conclusion

Early light sedation for severe lung injury may be associated with fewer ventilator-free days.
Banking on genocide: The racial disparities and patriotic politics of a massive international corruption case
Authors: Hagan John
Published: October 2023

We focus on the 2015 conviction in New York of BNP Paribas Bank for its role in the Darfur genocide. Proceeds from this case were used by congress to create a terrorism fund to compensate American victims of the 9/11 Twin Towers attack, while Black victims of the Darfur genocide received no compensation. This paper uses a sequential theory developed by David Garland to understand the racialized persistence of the American death penalty and its implications for understanding the creation of the Twin Towers Fund. A civil suit is presently drawing on the BNP conviction to again seek compensation for Darfur genocide victims. Garland’s approach helps us to better understand the evolution of the Darfur case.
Methods and insights on enabling geovisualisation for coastal communities of the North Shore of Vancouver
Authors: DiPaola Forrest , Bhardwaj Anshuman , Sam Lydia
Published: October 2023

Contemporary sea level rise (SLR) research seldom considers enabling effective geovisualisation for the communities. This lack of knowledge transfer impedes raising awareness on climate change and its impacts. The goal of this study is to produce an online SLR map accessible to the public that allows them to interact with evolving high-resolution geospatial data and techniques. The study area was the North Shore of Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. While typically coarser resolution (10 m+/pixel) Digital Elevation Models have been used by previous studies, we explored an open access airborne 1 m LiDAR which has a higher resolution and vertical accuracy and can penetrate tree cover at a higher degree than most satellite imagery. A bathtub method model with hydrologic connectivity was used to delineate the inundation zones for various SLR scenarios which allows for a not overly complex model and process using standard tools such as ArcGIS and QGIS with similar levels of accuracy as more complex models, especially with the high-resolution data. Deep learning and 3D visualizations were used to create past, present, and modelled future Land Use/Land Cover and 3D flyovers. Analysis of the possible impacts of 1, 2, 3, and 4 m SLR over the unique coastline, terrain, and land use was detailed. The generated interactive online map helps local communities visualize and understand the future of their coastlines. We have provided a detailed methodology and the methods and results are easily reproducible for other regions. Such initiatives can help popularize community-focused geovisualisation to raise awareness about SLR.
Resilience, posttraumatic growth and psychological wellbeing of paramedicine clinicians: An integrative review
Authors: Coyte Benjamin , Betihavas Vasiliki , Devenish Scott , Foster Kim
Published: October 2023

Clinicians in paramedicine are exposed to stressful events at work that have potential to cause negative psychological outcomes. Posttraumatic growth (PTG), resilience and psychological wellbeing, however, are adaptive psychological states that can also occur following trauma and adversity. Synthesis of knowledge on these positive outcomes can provide insight into resources needed to support paramedicine clinicians. To examine and synthesise what is known of PTG, resilience and psychological wellbeing of paramedicine clinicians, including the experience of these phenomena and relationship between them. An integrative review of peer-reviewed empirical literature published in English from 2013 to 2022 was conducted, following Whittemore and Knafl’s method. CINAHL Complete, MEDLINE Complete, PsycINFO, Scopus and Embase databases were searched. Included articles were quality appraised, with data analysed using the constant comparison method. Thirteen articles were included, with results synthesised into four categories. Mean PTG scores were reportedly moderate, and resilience ranged from average to above average. PTG and resilience had positive and negative relationships with specific coping strategies including dysfunctional coping, active coping, planning, venting emotions, social and emotional support and mental and behavioural disengagement. PTG scores were significantly lower for clinicians with longer shift duration and paramedics compared to emergency medical technicians. Resilience scores were higher for clinicians working part-time. Wellbeing was reportedly moderate and associated with the psychosocial climate established by managers. Qualitative findings indicated that workplace culture was perceived as stoic and masculine, which served to undermine staff resilience and willingness to disclose emotions. To support PTG and resilience, organisations should work to reduce stressors in workplace culture, including management and clinical supervision style, and offer employment flexibility. Organisations can upskill clinicians’ capacity for positive adaptation to adversity with professional development targeting identified coping strategies. Future research could examine clinicians’ experiences of PTG, resilience and wellbeing, and the relationship between them.
Exploring Sustainable Operations Management in Major Infrastructure Projects: The Case of the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge
Authors: Luo Ting , Xue Xiaolong , Zhang Minggong
Published: October 2023

This study systematically analyzes sustainable operations management (SOM) in major infrastructure projects (MIPs). The study proposes systematic definitions of MIP-SOM and studies sustainability improvement in MIP operations management from complex systems thinking. Based on literature review and deconstructive analysis, a conceptual model of the MIP-SOM system and an integrated framework for MIP-SOM practices were constructed. Additionally, per an in-depth case analysis of the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge (HZMB), a progressive roadmap for the MIP-SOM was developed. These results offer a systematic theoretical framework to guide MIP-SOM implementation and provide a solution for the substantive improvement of MIP sustainability.
Epstein-Barr virus–encoded EBNA2 downregulates ICOSL by inducing miR-24 in B-cell lymphoma
Authors: Leopizzi Martina , Mundo Lucia , Messina Elena , Campolo Federica , Lazzi Stefano , Angeloni Antonio , Marchese Cinzia , Leoncini Lorenzo , Giordano Carla , Slack Frank , Trivedi Pankaj , Anastasiadou Eleni
Published: October 2023

Hematological malignancies such as Burkitt lymphoma (BL), Hodgkin lymphoma (HL), and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) cause significant morbidity in humans. A substantial number of these lymphomas, particularly HL and DLBCLs have poorer prognosis because of their association with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). Our earlier studies have shown that EBV-encoded nuclear antigen (EBNA2) upregulates programmed cell death ligand 1 in DLBCL and BLs by downregulating microRNA-34a. Here, we investigated whether EBNA2 affects the inducible costimulator (ICOS) ligand (ICOSL), a molecule required for efficient recognition of tumor cells by T cells through the engagement of ICOS on the latter. In virus-infected and EBNA2-transfected B-lymphoma cells, ICOSL expression was reduced. Our investigation of the molecular mechanisms revealed that this was due to an increase in microRNA-24 (miR-24) by EBNA2. By using ICOSL 3′ untranslated region–luciferase reporter system, we validated that ICOSL is an authentic miR-24 target. Transfection of anti–miR-24 molecules in EBNA2-expressing lymphoma cells reconstituted ICOSL expression and increased tumor immunogenicity in mixed lymphocyte reactions. Because miR-24 is known to target c-MYC, an oncoprotein positively regulated by EBNA2, we analyzed its expression in anti–miR-24 transfected lymphoma cells. Indeed, the reduction of miR-24 in EBNA2-expressing DLBCL further elevated c-MYC and increased apoptosis. Consistent with the in vitro data, EBNA2-positive DLBCL biopsies expressed low ICOSL and high miR-24. We suggest that EBV evades host immune responses through EBNA2 by inducing miR-24 to reduce ICOSL expression, and for simultaneous rheostatic maintenance of proproliferative c-MYC levels. Overall, these data identify miR-24 as a potential therapeutically relevant target in EBV-associated lymphomas.
ERS/ESTS/ESTRO/ESR/ESTI/EFOMP statement on management of incidental findings from low dose CT screening for lung cancer
Authors: O'Dowd Emma L. , Tietzova Ilona , Bartlett Emily , Devaraj Anand , Biederer Jürgen , Brambilla Marco , Brunelli Alessandro , Chorostowska-Wynimko Joanna , Decaluwe Herbert , De Ruysscher Dirk , De Wever Walter , Donoghue Matthew , Fabre Aurelie , Gaga Mina , van Geffen Wouter , Hardavella Georgia , Kauczor Hans-Ulrich , Kerpel-Fronius Anna , van Meerbeeck Jan , Nagavci Blin , Nestle Ursula , Novoa Nuria , Prosch Helmut , Prokop Mathias , Putora Paul Martin , Rawlinson Janette , Revel Marie-Pierre , Snoeckx Annemiek , Veronesi Giulia , Vliegenthart Rozemarijn , Weckbach Sabine , Blum Torsten G. , Baldwin David R.
Published: October 2023

Background

Screening for lung cancer with low radiation dose computed tomography has a strong evidence base, is being introduced in several European countries and is recommended as a new targeted cancer screening programme. The imperative now is to ensure that implementation follows an evidence-based process that will ensure clinical and cost effectiveness. This European Respiratory Society (ERS) task force was formed to provide an expert consensus for the management of incidental findings which can be adapted and followed during implementation.

Methods

A multi-European society collaborative group was convened. 23 topics were identified, primarily from an ERS statement on lung cancer screening, and a systematic review of the literature was conducted according to ERS standards. Initial review of abstracts was completed and full text was provided to members of the group for each topic. Sections were edited and the final document approved by all members and the ERS Science Council.

Results

Nine topics considered most important and frequent were reviewed as standalone topics (interstitial lung abnormalities, emphysema, bronchiectasis, consolidation, coronary calcification, aortic valve disease, mediastinal mass, mediastinal lymph nodes and thyroid abnormalities). Other topics considered of lower importance or infrequent were grouped into generic categories, suitable for general statements.

Conclusions

This European collaborative group has produced an incidental findings statement that can be followed during lung cancer screening. It will ensure that an evidence-based approach is used for reporting and managing incidental findings, which will mean that harms are minimised and any programme is as cost-effective as possible.
Novel insights into the whole-blood DNA methylome of asthma in ethnically diverse children and youth
Authors: Herrera-Luis Esther , Rosa-Baez Carlos , Huntsman Scott , Eng Celeste , Beckman Kenneth B. , LeNoir Michael A. , Rodriguez-Santana Jose R. , Villar Jesús , Laprise Catherine , Borrell Luisa N. , Ziv Elad , Burchard Esteban G. , Pino-Yanes Maria
Published: October 2023

Background

The epigenetic mechanisms of asthma remain largely understudied in African Americans and Hispanics/Latinos, two populations disproportionately affected by asthma. We aimed to identify markers, regions and processes with differential patterns of DNA methylation (DNAm) in whole blood by asthma status in ethnically diverse children and youth, and to assess their functional consequences.

Methods

DNAm levels were profiled with the Infinium MethylationEPIC or HumanMethylation450 BeadChip arrays among 1226 African Americans or Hispanics/Latinos and assessed for differential methylation per asthma status at the CpG and region (differentially methylated region (DMR)) level. Novel associations were validated in blood and/or nasal epithelium from ethnically diverse children and youth. The functional and biological implications of the markers identified were investigated by combining epigenomics with transcriptomics from study participants.

Results

128 CpGs and 196 DMRs were differentially methylated after multiple testing corrections, including 92.3% and 92.8% novel associations, respectively. 41 CpGs were replicated in other Hispanics/Latinos, prioritising cg17647904 (NCOR2) and cg16412914 (AXIN1) as asthma DNAm markers. Significant DNAm markers were enriched in previous associations for asthma, fractional exhaled nitric oxide, bacterial infections, immune regulation or eosinophilia. Functional annotation highlighted epigenetically regulated gene networks involved in corticosteroid response, host defence and immune regulation. Several implicated genes are targets for approved or experimental drugs, includingTNNC1andNDUFA12. Many differentially methylated loci previously associated with asthma were validated in our study.

Conclusions

We report novel whole-blood DNAm markers for asthma underlying key processes of the disease pathophysiology and confirm the transferability of previous asthma DNAm associations to ethnically diverse populations.
Hyperperfusion of bilateral amygdala in patients with chronic migraine: an arterial spin-labeled magnetic resonance imaging study
Authors: Bai Xiaoyan , Wang Wei , Zhang Xueyan , Hu Zhangxuan , Zhang Xue , Zhang Yingkui , Tang Hefei , Zhang Yaqing , Yu Xueying , Yuan Ziyu , Zhang Peng , Li Zhiye , Pei Xun , Wang Yonggang , Sui Binbin
Published: October 2023

Background

Amygdala, an essential element of the limbic system, has served as an important structure in pain modulation. There is still a lack of clarity about altered cerebral perfusion of amygdala in migraine. This study aimed to investigate the perfusion variances of bilateral amygdala in episodic migraine (EM) and chronic migraine (CM) using multi-delay pseudo-continuous arterial spin-labeled magnetic resonance imaging (pCASL-MRI).

Methods

Twenty-six patients with EM, 55 patients with CM (33 CM with medication overuse headache (MOH)), and 26 age- and sex-matched healthy controls (HCs) were included. All participants underwent 3D multi-delay pCASL MR imaging to obtain cerebral perfusion data, including arrival-time-corrected cerebral blood flow (CBF) and arterial cerebral blood volume (aCBV). The CBF and aCBV values in the bilateral amygdala were compared among the three groups. Correlation analyses between cerebral perfusion parameters and clinical variables were performed.

Results

Compared with HC participants, patients with CM were found to have increased CBF and aCBV values in the left amygdala, as well as increased CBF values in the right amygdala (all P < 0.05). There were no significant differences of CBF and aCBV values in the bilateral amygdala between the HC and EM groups, the EM and CM groups, as well as the CM without and with MOH groups (all P > 0.05). In patients with CM, the increased perfusion parameters of bilateral amygdala were positively correlated with MIDAS score after adjustments for age, sex, and body mass index (BMI).

Conclusion

Hyperperfusion of bilateral amygdala might provide potential hemodynamics evidence in the neurolimbic pain network of CM.
Poly(ethylene imine)-chitosan carbon dots: study of its physical–chemical properties and biological in vitro performance
Authors: Santos Nicolás , Valenzuela Santiago , Segura Camilo , Osorio-Roman Igor , Arrázola Macarena S. , Panadero-Medianero Concepción , Santana Paula A. , Ahumada Manuel
Published: October 2023

Carbon dots (CDs) have been quickly extended for nanomedicine uses because of their multiple applications, such as bioimaging, sensors, and drug delivery. However, the interest in increasing their photoluminescence properties is not always accompanied by cytocompatibility. Thus, a knowledge gap exists regarding their interactions with biological systems linked to the selected formulations and synthesis methods. In this work, we have developed carbon dots (CDs) based on poly (ethylene imine) (PEI) and chitosan (CS) by using microwave irradiation, hydrothermal synthesis, and a combination of both, and further characterized them by physicochemical and biological means. Our results indicate that synthesized CDs have sizes between 1 and 5 nm, a high presence of amine groups on the surface, and increased positive ζ potential values. Further, it is established that the choice and use of different synthesis procedures can contribute to a different answer to the CDs regarding their optical and biological properties. In this regard, PEI-only CDs showed the longest photoluminescent emission lifetime, non-hemolytic activity, and high toxicity against fibroblast. On the other hand, CS-only CDs have higher PL emission, non-cytotoxicity associated with fibroblast, and high hemolytic activity. Interestingly, their combination using the proposed methodologies allow a synergic effect in their CDs properties. Therefore, this work contributes to developing and characterizing CD formulations based on PEI and CS and better understanding the CD’s properties and biological interaction.
Molecular biomarkers for assessing the heat-adapted phenotype: a narrative scoping review
Authors: Corbett J. , Young J. S. , Tipton M. J. , Costello J. T. , Williams T. B. , Walker E. F. , Lee B. J. , Stevens C. E.
Published: October 2023

Heat acclimation/acclimatisation (HA) mitigates heat-related decrements in physical capacity and heat-illness risk and is a widely advocated countermeasure for individuals operating in hot environments. The efficacy of HA is typically quantified by assessing the thermo-physiological responses to a standard heat acclimation state test (i.e. physiological biomarkers), but this can be logistically challenging, time consuming, and expensive. A valid molecular biomarker of HA would enable evaluation of the heat-adapted state through the sampling and assessment of a biological medium. This narrative review examines candidate molecular biomarkers of HA, highlighting the poor sensitivity and specificity of these candidates and identifying the current lack of a single ‘standout’ biomarker. It concludes by considering the potential of multivariable approaches that provide information about a range of physiological systems, identifying a number of challenges that must be overcome to develop a valid molecular biomarker of the heat-adapted state, and highlighting future research opportunities.
Preliminary study on the anti-CO2 stress and growth ability of hypsizygus marmoreus mutant strain HY68
Authors: Liu Fang , Ma Lin , Chen Weifeng , Wang Sifan , Wei Chuanzheng , Huang Chengpo , Jiang Yimin , Wang Song , Lin Hongyan , Chen Jian , Wang Gang , Xie Baogui , Yuan Zongsheng
Published: October 2023

Background

A high concentration of CO2 will stagnate the development of the newly formed primordia of Hypsizygus marmoreus, hinder the development of the mushroom cap, thereby inhibiting the normal differentiation of the fruiting body. Moreover, in the previous experiment, our research group obtained the mutant strain HY68 of H. marmoreus, which can maintain normal fruiting under the condition of high concentration of CO2. Our study aimed to evaluate the CO2 tolerance ability of the mutant strain HY68, in comparison with the starting strain HY61 and the control strain HY62. We analyzed the mycelial growth of these strains under various conditions, including different temperatures, pH levels, carbon sources, and nitrogen sources, and measured the activity of the cellulose enzyme. Additionally, we identified and predicted β-glucosidase-related genes in HY68 and analyzed their gene and protein structures.

Results

Our results indicate that HY68 showed superior CO2 tolerance compared to the other strains tested, with an optimal growth temperature of 25 °C and pH of 7, and maltose and beef paste as the ideal carbon and nitrogen sources, respectively. Enzyme activity assays revealed a positive correlation between β-glucosidase activity and CO2 tolerance, with Gene14147 identified as the most closely related gene to this activity. Inbred strains of HY68 showed trait segregation for CO2 tolerance.

Conclusions

Both HY68 and its self-bred offspring could tolerate CO2 stress. The fruiting period of the strains resistant to CO2 stress was shorter than that of the strains not tolerant to CO2 stress. The activity of β-GC and the ability to tolerate CO2 were more closely related to the growth efficiency of fruiting bodies. This study lays the foundation for understanding how CO2 regulates the growth of edible fungi, which is conducive to the innovation of edible fungus breeding methods. The application of the new strain HY68 is beneficial to the research of energy-saving production in factory cultivation.
Nanosilica enhances morphogenic and chemical parameters of Megathyrsus maximus grass under conditions of phosphorus deficiency and excess stress in different soils
Authors: de Faria Melo Cíntia Cármen , Amaral Danilo Silva , de Moura Zanine Anderson , de Jesus Ferreira Daniele , de Mello Prado Renato , de Cássia Piccolo Marisa
Published: October 2023

Phosphorus (P) imbalances are a recurring issue in cultivated soils with pastures across diverse regions. In addition to P deficiency, the prevalence of excess P in soil has escalated, resulting in damage to pasture yield. In response to this reality, there is a need for well-considered strategies, such as the application of silicon (Si), a known element for alleviating plant stress. However, the influence of Si on the morphogenetic and chemical attributes of forage grasses grown in various soils remains uncertain. Consequently, this study aimed to assess the impact of P deficiency and excess on morphogenetic and chemical parameters, as well as digestibility, in Zuri guinea grass cultivated in Oxisol and Entisol soils. It also sought to determine whether fertigation with nanosilica could mitigate the detrimental effects of these nutritional stresses. Results revealed that P deficiency led to a reduction in tiller numbers and grass protein content, along with an increase in lignin content. Conversely, P excess resulted in higher proportions of dead material and lignin, a reduced mass leaf: stem ratio in plants, and a decrease in dry matter (DM) yield. Fertigation with Si improved tillering and protein content in deficient plants. In the case of P excess, Si reduced tiller mortality and lignin content, increased the mass leaf:stem ratio, and enhanced DM yield. This approach also increased yields in plants with sufficient P levels without affecting grass digestibility. Thus, Si utilization holds promise for enhancing the growth and chemical characteristics of forage grasses under P stress and optimizing yield in well-nourished, adapted plants, promoting more sustainable pasture yields.
Association of neighborhood recreational facilities and depressive symptoms among Chinese older adults
Authors: Mu Yuexuan , Yi Ming , Liu Qingshuai
Published: October 2023

Objectives

Neighborhood recreation facilities has been associated with depression that commonly tested with cross-sectional data. This study used longitudinal data to test the effect of neighborhood recreation facilities on the trajectory of depressive symptoms among Chinese older adults.

Methods

Data was derived from the 2014, 2016 and 2018 China Longitudinal Aging Social Survey (CLASS). Depressive symptoms among older adults were obtained using the CES-D scale. The three-level linear growth model of “time point - individual - community” was conducted to test the association between neighborhood recreation facilities and depressive symptoms.

Results

This study consisted of 3,804 respondents living in 333 communities. It was found that community fitness facilities had a significant effect on depressive symptoms in older adults ($$\beta$$=-1.212,$$P<$$0.001). A supportive community fitness environment can effectively slow down the rate of increase in depressive symptoms among older adults ($$\beta$$=-0.415,$$P<$$0.01). In subgroup analysis, fitness facilities were the important predictor for people in youngest-old group ($$\beta$$=-1.247,$$P<$$0.01) and outdoor activity space was a protective predictor for oldest-old people’s depressive symptoms ($$\beta$$=-0.258,$$P<$$0.05).

Conclusions

This study demonstrated an association between neighborhood recreation facilities and depressive symptoms in older adults and found the age difference of this effect. Public health department need pay more attention to neighborhood environment construction to promote healthy aging.
The effect of COVID-19 on the frequency of Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia: a monocentric, retrospective, and observational study
Authors: Del Prete Valentina , Paterno Giovangiacinto , Cennamo Oreste , Berrilli Federica , Di Cave David
Published: October 2023

Background

Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PCP) and SARS-CoV2 share some similarities in their effects on the respiratory system, clinical presentation, and management. The COVID-19 pandemic required rapid action to curb transmission and mitigate its lethiferous impact. Non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) were globally adopted. We hypothesized that these measures reduced the transmission and acquisition of P. jirovecii in both hospital and community settings.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective observational study on 2950 respiratory specimens from patients with suspected pulmonary infection, analyzed at the Laboratory of Parasitology Unit of the Policlinico Tor Vergata of Rome, Italy, from January 2014 to December 2022.

Results

We show a significant reduction in the frequency of PCP in the COVID-19 pandemic era compared to the previous period. Among the four sequence types of P. jirovecii identified, genotype 1 was the most prevalent (37%). We observed a non-significant trend of decreasing cases with genotype 1 and increasing cases with genotype 3 over the study period.

Conclusions

The nationwide implementation of NPIs against COVID-19 may have changed the microbiological landscape of exposure, thereby decreasing the exposure to P. jirovecii and consequently reducing the incidence of PCP.
Impact of COVID-19 on epidemic trend of hepatitis C in Henan Province assessed by interrupted time series analysis
Authors: Li Yanyan , Li Xinxiao , Lan Xianxiang , Xue Chenlu , Zhang Bingjie , Wang YongBin
Published: October 2023

Objective

Hepatitis C presents a profound global health challenge. The impact of COVID-19 on hepatitis C, however, remain uncertain. This study aimed to ascertain the influence of COVID-19 on the hepatitis C epidemic trend in Henan Province.

Methods

We collated the number of monthly diagnosed cases in Henan Province from January 2013 to September 2022. Upon detailing the overarching epidemiological characteristics, the interrupted time series (ITS) analysis using autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) models was employed to estimate the hepatitis C diagnosis rate pre and post the COVID-19 emergence. In addition, we also discussed the model selection process, test model fitting, and result interpretation.

Results

Between January 2013 and September 2022, a total of 267,968 hepatitis C cases were diagnosed. The yearly average diagnosis rate stood at 2.42/100,000 persons. While 2013 witnessed the peak diagnosis rate at 2.97/100,000 persons, 2020 reported the least at 1.7/100,000 persons. The monthly mean hepatitis C diagnosed numbers culminated in 2291 cases. The optimal ARIMA model chosen was ARIMA (0,1,1) (0,1,1)12 with AIC = 1459.58, AICc = 1460.19, and BIC = 1472.8; having coefficients MA1=-0.62 (t=-8.06, P < 0.001) and SMA1=-0.79 (t=-6.76, P < 0.001). The final model’s projected step change was − 800.0 (95% confidence interval [CI] -1179.9 ~ -420.1, P < 0.05) and pulse change was 463.40 (95% CI 191.7 ~ 735.1, P < 0.05) per month.

Conclusion

The measures undertaken to curtail COVID-19 led to a diminishing trend in the diagnosis rate of hepatitis C. The ARIMA model is a useful tool for evaluating the impact of large-scale interventions, because it can explain potential trends, autocorrelation, and seasonality, and allow for flexible modeling of different types of impacts.