bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ЛАПАРОСКОПІЧНА КОЛОРЕКТАЛЬНА ХІРУРГІЯ: АНАЛІЗ ПЕРШИХ ОПЕРАЦІЙ
Authors: Беденюк А. Д. , Гриценко Й. М. , Дзюбановський І. Я. , Запорожець В. В. , Гусак О. М. , Кіт О. В. , Гриценко С. Й. , Стефанчук С. С.
Published: December 2022

РЕЗЮМЕ. Мета роботи – проаналізувати первинний досвід упровадження лапароскопічних технологій в хірургічне лікування пацієнтів, хворих на колоректальний рак (КРР).

Матеріал і методи. Наш досвід виконання лапароскопічних операцій включає 5 пацієнтів (2 чоловіків та 3 жінки) з КРР, котрим були виконані лапароскопічні операції в умовах Тернопільської обласної клінічної лікарні з грудня 2021 по травень 2022 року. Середній вік пацієнтів склав (62±7,84) роки (інтервал 59–74). Усім пацієнтам проведено передопераційну 3Д-КТ ангіографію та оцінено судинну анатомію брижі ободової кишки. В 3 пацієнтів були раніше проведені оперативні втручання та наявний спайковий процес, проведений лапароскопічний вісцероліз. У 2 пацієнтів пухлина проростала в бокову стінку живота, бокову стінку таза та петлю тонкої кишки відповідно, проведено комбіновані операції.

Результати. Середня крововтрата становила (120±77,3) мл (проміжок 50–250 мл). Інтраопераційний час становив (235±46,18) хв (проміжок180–300 хв). В середньому кількість видалених лімфатичних вузлів була 13±2,34 (інтервал 12–17). Відповідно до класифікації TNM стадію T1 було виявлено в 1 пацієнта, Т2 – в 1, T3 – у 3, Т4а – у 1, Т4b – у 1. У 3 пацієнтів було діагностовано високий (G1) ступінь диференціації аденокарциноми, тоді як низький (G3) ступінь виявлено у 2 пацієнтів. Метастази в регіонарні лімфатичні вузли виявлено у 2 хворих. У 3 випадках макропрепарат видаляли через 4 см розріз за Пфаненштілем, в 1 випадку через 5 см розріз над пупком та в 1 випадку через доступ у лівій мезогастральній ділянці, де згодом було сформовано сигмостому. При екстракції макропрепарату використовували захисний рукав. Ми не спостерігали жодного випадку неспроможності анастомозу чи смертності в 30-денний період. У 1 пацієнта післяопераційний період ускладнився розвитком псевдомембранозного коліту. R0 край резекції досягнуто в усіх пацієнтів.
Системні захворювання як фактор ризику прогресування захворювань пародонта
Authors: Слобода М. Т. , Мінько Л. Ю.
Published: December 2022

Резюме. Зв’язок запально-дистрофічних процесів в тканинах пародонта з рядом системних захворювань, не одноразово підкреслюється в науковій літературі.Високий показник розповсюдження захворювань пародонта, відмічається у поєднанні з різними загальносоматичними захворюваннями на фоні значного зниження захисних сил організму. Інтерес до виявлення такого зв’язку зріс, оскільки професія охорони здоров’я шукає кращого розуміння патогенезу різних захворювань та їх зв’язку з пародонтом та іншими хворобами порожнини рота.
Мета дослідження – проаналізувати дані наукових джерел літератури та надати свіжу інформацію щодо зв’язку між пародонтитом і системними захворюваннями, такими як: аномалії серцево-судинної, дихальної, ендокринної, кістково-м’язової та репродуктивної систем.
Матеріали і методи. Застосовано бібліосемантичний метод для з’ясування стану проблеми, вивчення аналізу результатів попередніх наукових досліджень на основі джерел літератури та електронних ресурсів.
Результати досліджень та їх обговорення. Часте поєднання та взаємообтяжуючий вплив захворювань пародонта із хворобами внутрішніх органів, свідчить про їх патогенетичну єдність, що виражається складними порушеннями гомеостазу. Системні порушення збільшують частоту і тяжкість захворювань пародонта, шляхом зміни імунної відповіді організму на дію пародонтопатогенних мікроорганізмів і продуктів їх обміну, а також переважно генералізований та швидкопрогресуючий перебіг захворювань пародонта.
Висновки. Методи діагностики повинні ідентифікувати можливі ключові етіологічні чинники, що дозволить раннє виявлення захворювань пародонта, тим самим покращуючи прогноз захворювання, а у комплексному лікуванні необхідно враховувати не тільки стан тканин пародонта, зубів, порожнини рота, а й організму пацієнта в цілому.
ЛОГІКА КОНКОРДАЦІЇ ПОКАЗНИКІВ ЗАСВОЄННЯ ЗНАНЬ У ПОРТФОЛІО ЛІКАРЯ
Authors: Мінцер О. П. , Бабінцева Л. Ю. , Суханова О. О.
Published: December 2022

Розглянуто дискусійні питання створення портфоліо лікаря під час безперервного професійного розвитку. Особливу увагу приділено питанням оцінювання інформації, що аналізується. Показано, що для забезпечення адекватного ме-ханізму оцінювання багатовимірної інформації у портфоліо лікаря можливе використання методів інтелектуального аналізу великих даних. Дослідження спрямовано на обґрунтування передумов для створення портфоліо нового типу шляхом використання методів інтелектуального аналізу багатовимірної інформації, що вноситься в портфоліо, а та кож формування моделей і когнітивних структур, які мають стати центральною подією в особистісно-орієнтованому активному навчанні.
З метою прискорення оцінювання компетентності лікаря та корекції траєкторії його навчання під час безперервно-го професійного розвитку обумовлена необхідність застосування механізмів пріоритетності за допомогою стратегії сегментації інформації VEN (Vital Essential Non-essential). Внесенню інформації в портфоліо повинно передувати визначення семантичної еквівалентності наявних даних про отримання та засвоєння знань.
При аналізі й упорядкуванні інформації у портфоліо запропоновано використовувати ансамбль підходів - поєд-нання відразу декількох алгоритмів, що функціонують одночасно та надають можливість виправляти можливі по-милки. Також запропоновано алгоритм прийняття рішень при аналізі попередньої інформації у портфоліо.
ТРЕНДИ РОЗВИТКУ ТЕХНОЛОГІЙ ОЦІНЮВАННЯ ЗНАНЬ У СИСТЕМАХ ПІДГОТОВКИ АСПІРАНТІВ
Authors: Мінцер О. П. , Мохначов С. І. , Шевченко Я. О.
Published: December 2022

Представлено тренди розвитку систем оцінювання трансферу знань у аспірантів в умовах широкого впровадження інформаційних технологій. Дослідження спрямовано на оцінювання якості підготовки аспірантів із використанням нових метричних підходів до трансферу знань. Проаналізовано результати тестування 77 аспірантів, які навчались у НУОЗ України імені П. Л. Шупика протягом 2021-2022 навчального року. Особливостями аналізу була акцентуація перевірки знань та ефективність трансферу знань стосовно технології діагностики станів людини, моніторинг станів здоров'я, прогнозування, виявлення ризиків і конфаундерів за допомогою комплексу клінічних, інструментальних і лабораторних методів дослідження. Пильна увага приділялась засвоєнню основних понять мобільної та персоніфікованої медицини, системної біомедицини, а також комунікаційних когнітивних проблем в охороні здоров'я. З нових позицій розглядалось вивчення принципів трансдисциплінарності в охороні здоров'я. Релевантність і пертинентність оцінювалися когнітивними методами. В якості показника валідності застосовувався коефіцієнт варіації Пірсона. Математичну обробку даних виконано з використанням статистичних програм Statistica, Microsoft Excel 2016 та Statgraphics for Windows. У результаті дослідження показано, що показники якості підготовки при мобільному навчанні мають тенденцію до зниження з 88,8±5,3 % до 84,0±5,4 % (статистично, однак, не вірогідно, р>0,05). Спостерігалось невірогідне зменшення значень показників валідності, пертинентності та релевантності засвоєння знань, а також інтегральної якості трансферу знань при мобільному навчанні (р>0,05). Важливо розробляти такі оціночні завдання, що відповідають системі високого рівня, ефективно використовуючи структуру оцінювання.
RyR2 Serine-2030 PKA Site Governs Ca
2+
Release Termination and Ca
2+
Alternans
Authors: Wei Jinhong , Guo Wenting , Wang Ruiwu , Paul Estillore John , Belke Darrell , Chen Yong-Xiang , Vallmitjana Alexander , Benitez Raul , Hove-Madsen Leif , Chen S.R. Wayne
Published: December 2022

Background:

PKA (protein kinase A)–mediated phosphorylation of cardiac RyR2 (ryanodine receptor 2) has been extensively studied for decades, but the physiological significance of PKA phosphorylation of RyR2 remains poorly understood. Recent determination of high-resolution 3-dimensional structure of RyR2 in complex with CaM (calmodulin) reveals that the major PKA phosphorylation site in RyR2, serine-2030 (S2030), is located within a structural pathway of CaM-dependent inactivation of RyR2. This novel structural insight points to a possible role of PKA phosphorylation of RyR2 in CaM-dependent inactivation of RyR2, which underlies the termination of Ca
2+
release and induction of cardiac Ca
2+
alternans.

Methods:

We performed single-cell endoplasmic reticulum Ca
2+
imaging to assess the impact of S2030 mutations on Ca
2+
release termination in human embryonic kidney 293 cells. Here we determined the role of the PKA site RyR2-S2030 in a physiological setting, we generated a novel mouse model harboring the S2030L mutation and carried out confocal Ca
2+
imaging.

Results:

We found that mutations, S2030D, S2030G, S2030L, S2030V, and S2030W reduced the endoplasmic reticulum luminal Ca
2+
level at which Ca
2+
release terminates (the termination threshold), whereas S2030P and S2030R increased the termination threshold. S2030A and S2030T had no significant impact on release termination. Furthermore, CaM–wild-type increased, whereas Ca
2+
binding deficient CaM mutant (CaM-M [a loss-of-function CaM mutation with all 4 EF-hand motifs mutated]), PKA, and Ca
2+
/CaMKII (CaM-dependent protein kinase II) reduced the termination threshold. The S2030L mutation abolished the actions of CaM–wild-type, CaM-M, and PKA, but not CaMKII, in Ca
2+
release termination. Moreover, we showed that isoproterenol and CaM-M suppressed pacing-induced Ca
2+
alternans and accelerated Ca
2+
transient recovery in intact working hearts, whereas CaM–wild-type exerted an opposite effect. The impact of isoproterenol was partially and fully reversed by the PKA inhibitor N-[2-(p-bromocinnamylamino)ethyl]-5-isoquinoline-sulfonamide and the CaMKII inhibitor N-[2-[N-(4-chlorocinnamyl)-N-methylaminomethyl]phenyl]-N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-4-methoxybenzenesulfonamide individually and together, respectively. S2030L abolished the impact of CaM–wild-type, CaM-M, and N-[2-(p-bromocinnamylamino)ethyl]-5-isoquinoline-sulfonamide–sensitive component, but not the N-[2-[N-(4-chlorocinnamyl)-N-methylaminomethyl]phenyl]-N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-4-methoxybenzenesulfonamide–sensitive component, of isoproterenol.
Association of Pressure Wave Reflections With Left Ventricular Mass: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Yofoglu Lazaros K. , Karachalias Fotios , Georgakis Marios K. , Tountas Christos , Argyris Antonios A. , Zhang Yi , Papaioannou Theodoros G. , Blacher Jacques , Weber Thomas , Vlachopoulos Charalampos , Safar Michel , Protogerou Athanase D.
Published: December 2022

Background:

Pressure wave reflections (PWRs) within the circulation are assessed at various arterial sites by various noninvasive methods. We aimed at reviewing the conflicting data regarding the hypothesis that higher PWRs are associated with higher left ventricular mass and tested whether this association stands for all available indices of PWRs, all (proximal or distal to the heart) sites of assessment, and is modified by sex, age and heart rate.

Methods:

Based on a predefined protocol applying the Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (MOOSE) guidelines, we identified eligible for meta-analysis data regarding: augmentation index, augmentation pressure, backward pressure (Pb), reflection index, and their association with left ventricular mass index (19 studies, total population n=8686).

Results:

We found statistically significant associations, independent from blood pressure level, for all indices of PWRs at all arterial sites (carotid augmentation index; odds ratio; standardized beta coefficient [β]: 0.14 [95% CI, 0.07% to 0.21%], per SD increase), radial augmentation index (β: 0.21; 0.11 to 0.31), central augmentation pressure (β: 0.15; 0.03 to 0.27), central Pb (β: 0.23; 0.05 to 0.42), and central reflection index (β: 0.14; 0.06 to 0.22), except for aortic augmentation index as estimated by generalized transfer functions. Meta-regression analysis showed that the association between carotid augmentation index and left ventricular mass was higher among populations with higher heart rate (
P
=0.036, beta: 0.017 [95% CI, 0.001 to 0.033]) and tended to be higher in middle-aged (
P
=0.07, beta: −0.001; −0.021 to 0.001).

Conclusions:

A clinically meaningful association between PWRs and left ventricular mass, assessed at either central or peripheral arterial sites by most available methods was shown, suggesting that PWR reduction strategies might be useful. Based on the present evidence, such trials should target middle-aged populations with high normal heart rate.
Systolic Blood Pressure and Cardiovascular Risk in Patients With Diabetes: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Rao Shishir , Li Yikuan , Nazarzadeh Milad , Canoy Dexter , Mamouei Mohammad , Hassaine Abdelaali , Salimi-Khorshidi Gholamreza , Rahimi Kazem
Published: December 2022

Background:

Whether the association between systolic blood pressure (SBP) and risk of cardiovascular disease is monotonic or whether there is a nadir of optimal blood pressure remains controversial. We investigated the association between SBP and cardiovascular events in patients with diabetes across the full spectrum of SBP.

Methods:

A cohort of 49 000 individuals with diabetes aged 50 to 90 years between 1990 and 2005 was identified from linked electronic health records in the United Kingdom. Associations between SBP and cardiovascular outcomes (ischemic heart disease, heart failure, stroke, and cardiovascular death) were analyzed using a deep learning approach.

Results:

Over a median follow-up of 7.3 years, 16 378 cardiovascular events were observed. The relationship between SBP and cardiovascular events followed a monotonic pattern, with the group with the lowest baseline SBP of <120 mm Hg exhibiting the lowest risk of cardiovascular events. In comparison to the reference group with the lowest SBP (<120 mm Hg), the adjusted risk ratio for cardiovascular disease was 1.03 (95% CI, 0.97–1.10) for SBP between 120 and 129 mm Hg, 1.05 (0.99–1.11) for SBP between 130 and 139 mm Hg, 1.08 (1.01–1.15) for SBP between 140 and 149 mm Hg, 1.12 (1.03–1.20) for SBP between 150 and 159 mm Hg, and 1.19 (1.09–1.28) for SBP ≥160 mm Hg.

Conclusions:

Using deep learning modeling, we found a monotonic relationship between SBP and risk of cardiovascular outcomes in patients with diabetes, without evidence of a J-shaped relationship.
Vessel Patency and Associated Factors of Drug‐Coated Balloon for Femoropopliteal Lesion
Authors: Soga Yoshimitsu , Takahara Mitsuyoshi , Iida Osamu , Tomoi Yusuke , Kawasaki Daizo , Tanaka Akiko , Yamauchi Yasutaka , Tobita Kazuki , Kozuki Amane , Fujihara Masahiko , Ando Kenji ,   the POPCORN Investigators
Published: December 2022

Background

Although clinical trials have reported favorable outcomes after drug‐coated balloon (DCB) therapy for femoropopliteal lesions, their real‐world performance and predictors have not been well evaluated. This study aimed to elucidate 1‐year freedom from restenosis and to explore the associated factors after a DCB for femoropopliteal lesions in clinical settings.

Methods and Results

This multicenter, prospective cohort registered 3165 de novo or restenotic femoropopliteallesions (mean lesion length, 13.5±9.3 cm; chronic total occlusion, 25.9%; severe calcification, 14.6%) that underwent successful DCB (Lutonix [24.2%] and IN.PACT Admiral [75.8%]) treatment between March 2018 and December 2019. Patency was assessed at 12±2 months. The primary outcome measure was 1‐year freedom from restenosis and its associated factors. Bailout stenting was performed in 3.5% of patients. The postprocedural slow flow phenomenon was observed in 3.9% of patients. During a median follow‐up of 14.2 months, 811 patients experienced restenosis. The Kaplan–Meier estimate of freedom from restenosis was 84.5% at 12 months (79.7% at 14 months). Focal, tandem, diffuse, and occlusive restenosis accounted for 37.4%, 9.8%, 18.9%, and 33.9%, respectively. Freedom from target lesion revascularization was 91.5% at 12 months. Risk factors independently associated with 1‐year restenosis were a history of revascularization, smaller distal reference vessel diameter, severe calcification, chronic total occlusion, low‐dose DCB, and residual stenosis.

Conclusions

The 1‐year clinical outcomes after DCB use for femoropopliteal lesions in real‐world practice was favorable. The additive risk factors were associated with a lower rate of freedom from restenosis.
Displacement of Death from Home to Hospital in Historical
Perspective: The Case of Italy, 1883–2013
Authors: Colombo Asher , Molinari Rocco
Published: December 2022

The process of changing the location of death from home to hospital in Italy between 1883 and 2013 occurred as part of a wider, century-long shift in the attitude toward death in Western societies. A longitudinal analysis of data collected in Italian provinces, using random intercept models, reveals the extent to which the displacement of death was the result of demographical, socio-structural, and cultural processes and the extent to which the influence of these processes differed geographically throughout Italy. Results show that the displacement of deaths to hospitals during this period was largely due to the growing availability of medical facilities, to changes in the causes of death among the elderly, to decreasing family size, and to urbanization. The influence of the family and urbanization is most evident in northeastern Italy, where changes from complex to simple household structures became more common during the twentieth century.
The Dynamic Links between Renewable Energy and Environmental Quality in an Insecure Situation
Authors: Farhani Ramzi
Published: December 2022

The world faces two main problems: environmental degradation and the growing number of terrorist attacks. This study provides new perspectives by evaluating the links between environment quality, renewable energy consumption, terrorist attacks and the rents of natural resources for forty-six African countries over the period 1991–2017. We applied a heterogeneous panel data approach and second-generation econometric techniques, which took into account cross-sectional dependence and heterogeneity. The long-term effects were obtained by AMG and CCMG estimators. The results confirmed the existence of a cross-sectional dependence between the individuals in the panel. In addition, the long-term relationship confirms the existence of an inverted U-shaped curve between CO2 emissions and the level of GDP. Renewable energies stimulate the improvement of environmental quality in the long term whereas terrorist attacks contribute to environmental degradation. Thus, policymakers are called upon to promote renewable energies and to implement good governance of rents.
Tomba’s Unforgotten Histories
Authors: Harootunian Harry D.
Published: December 2022

The aim of Massimiliano Tomba’s Insurgent Universality is to return to Marxism’s original historical vocation by freeing it from the hegemony of the exchange system and the encompassing agency of value. At the heart of this project appears the recognition that time, space and thus history have been captured by capitalism and transformed into categories of its own to organise people and social relationships for capital’s programme of accumulation. In this way, capital has been able to hijack history and invert it into a representation of the real, into a historical trompe-l’œil instead of ‘presentify(ing) the past’. In this regard contemporising the past is an act of intervening in history and actualising it rather than representing it. Through this operation Tomba is able to retrieve an inventory of repressed and forgotten histories, which will unveil the sources of an ‘alternate legacy of modernity’ and radical political possibilities for the present.
De Worde, Beardsley, and the Complicated Chivalry of the Round Table
Authors: van Vianen Larissa
Published: December 2022

Aubrey Beardsley’s ink drawings for J.M. Dent’s 1894 edition were the first modern set of illustrations of Thomas Malory’s Morte d’Arthur published after the anonymous woodcuts in the 1498 edition printed by Wynkyn de Worde. Since their publication, Beardsley’s illustrations have been criticised for their supposed unfaithfulness to Malory’s text. This article argues however that Beardsley’s illustrations of Morte d’Arthur bear great resemblance to the 1498 woodcuts. It discusses how both sets of illustrations react to Malory’s complicated understanding of chivalry and dictate a reading of Morte d’Arthur that places emphasis on the importance of Camelot’s women and Malory’s criticism of chivalry.
The Melancholy Mapmaker
Authors: Van Duzer Chet
Published: December 2022

The article discusses some Latin sentences written on the back of a nautical chart made by Dionysus Paulusz. van Husum, a little-know Dutch cartographer, in about 1660–1671. The sentences, which resemble entries in a commonplace book, offer a grim view of the state of Christianity in the world, and also of the cartographer’s own life. A study of the sources of these sentences reveals that some of them were taken from works about death. Death was a common theme of seventeenth-century piety, but content of the phrases, their sources, and contextual details suggest that Van Husum was melancholic at the time. The sentences offer a rare insight into the outlook on life of an early modern cartographer.
Serbian Patriarch Porfirije: Old Challenges and New Hopes
Authors: Cvetković Vladimir
Published: December 2022

This article aims to analyze the conditions that led to the election of the Serbian Patriarch Porfirije (Perić) in February 2021 as well as his policy during his first years in office. First, the article outlines Patriarch Porfirije’s spiritual journey from his archaeology studies in Belgrade to his election as Serbian patriarch. Next, the focus shifts to the challenges that the Serbian Orthodox Church faced in the last decades, especially its status in North Macedonia, Montenegro, and Kosovo. The article concludes by offering some perspectives on Patriarch Porfirije’s approach to the problems of the Serbian Church in North Macedonia, Montenegro, and Kosovo.
“Obscure Places” in 2 Enoch: What Can They Tell Us about Its Provenance?
Authors: Navtanovich Liudmila
Published: December 2022

2 Enoch is one of the Slavonic pseudepigrapha that has caused and continues to provoke controversy about its origin. In particular, there is no agreement as to whether it comes from Jewish or Christian circles. However, there is a consensus among Slavists on a number of questions concerning its provenance, and these conclusions made by philologists have been confirmed by the Coptic fragments of the text discovered in 2009, and the Slavonic manuscripts themselves give us a lot of information about the possible origin of the text. Among others, the examining of the “obscure places” in 2 Enoch permits us to give an opinion on its possible original, the article deals with the analysis of one of them. At the same time, the research into such readings also demonstrates a long and complicated history of the pseudepigraphon in Slavonic, which we should always have in mind while studying 2 Enoch.
The Unconscious in History: Eduard von Hartmann among Schopenhauer, Schelling, and Hegel
Authors: Jensen Anthony K.
Published: December 2022

This article exams the philosophy of history of the now mostly-forgotten 19th Century philosopher, Eduard von Hartmann. Hartmann inverts Hegel’s rational teleology by his reliance on a notion of ‘unconscious ideas’. Purposes are a species of idea. All natural things, including unintelligent natural things, will purposes of which they are often not conscious. These unconscious ideas cannot be held by natural beings that lack intellect, so there must be some supra-naturalistic being, which Hartmann names the Metaphysical Unconscious, that imposes purposes on unconsciously-acting agents. The course of human history is the gradual becoming-conscious of the ends posited by the Metaphysical Unconscious. Insofar as nature always achieves the purposes of the Metaphysical Unconscious this is the best of all possible worlds. Insofar as those purposes are realized irrespective of human happiness, historical progress becomes the gradual assurance of human misery.
Principles of Reparations at the International Criminal Court: Assessing Alternative Approaches
Authors: Hamilton Tomas , Sluiter Göran
Published: December 2022

While the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court requires the judges of the Court to establish principles of reparations, the existing case law is developing on shaky doctrinal foundations, failing to take into account legal sources, particularly from national civil torts systems, that offer vital law and practice that could inform the Court’s reparations orders. This article evaluates the legal basis of the existing reparations case law of the Court, arguing that undue prominence has been given to soft law human rights instruments while a lack of reference to the framework methodology in Article 21 of the Rome Statute has left the reparations principles weakly articulated. There are alternatives that the Court could consider in future, notably an increased role for and coordination with national justice systems, the potential for drawing on reparation rules from national torts systems, and the relevance of the lex loci damni principle. The article assesses these alternatives and proposes routes forward for the Court’s reparations practice based on the Rome Statute’s legal mandate.
Reconsidering the Intellectual Relationship between Muḥammad al-Maghīlī and ʿUthmān b. Fūdī: A Comparative Examination of Ajwiba and Sirāj al-Ikhwān
Authors: Kariya Kota
Published: December 2022

It has been frequently stated that ʿUthmān b. Fūdī (d. 1817), founder of the Sokoto Caliphate, was influenced by the works of Muḥammad al-Maghīlī (d.c. 1505), a Maliki jurist from Maghrib, in the formation of his religious and juristic views. However, their intellectual relationship has not been fully scrutinized based on a concrete and detailed comparison of their works. By closely comparing two of their well-known works (Ajwiba by al-Maghīlī and Sirāj al-ikhwān by ʿUthmān), I demonstrate that ʿUthmān did not blindly accept al-Maghīlī’s views but actively reorganized his predecessor’s words using selective quotations and strategic interpretations to justify his own thoughts and actions.
Phonological neighborhood complexity and sound change
Authors: Luef Eva Maria
Published: December 2022

The significance of the phonological neighborhood on lexical processing has been documented by decades of studies in the field, and it has become clear that the phonological connectivity of the mental lexicon is a crucial facilitator for word learning in both the production and perception domains. What has remained underrepresented in the literature to date is the question of how phonological or phonetic changes are accommodated by phonological neighborhoods, or put differently, what the implications of language processing are for language change. The present study investigates how two changes in voice onset time (VOT) in Austrian German onset plosives have appeared in certain types of phonological neighborhoods. Inferences about which phonological neighborhood characteristics are most conducive to sound change are drawn. Results vary by fortis/lenis articulation, with changes in lenis VOT shortening and fortis VOT lengthening being linked to different types of neighborhoods in two different generations of speakers.
Mapping Pre-Westphalia Europe: Military Alliances, Political Settlements, and Alignments During Armed Conflicts, 1528 to 1648
Authors: Bell Arvid , Nehrbass Alexander
Published: December 2022

This article introduces two new datasets detailing shifts in alliances and alignments in Europe throughout the century prior to the Peace of Westphalia. The datasets identify a list of key actors in the European sphere during this time period and introduce two ways of tracking diplomatic shifts. The Formal Military Alliances and Political Settlements dataset (fmaps) lists all formal treaties and agreements reached between major actors in the European sphere that codified a form of alliance among them and for which a start and end year could be identified. The Alignments During Armed Conflicts Dataset (adacs) lists parties’ alignments during the period’s major armed conflicts. Both datasets were compiled through review of available literature about diplomatic ententes and armed conflicts throughout the period from 1528 to 1648. While the article outlines a few potential weaknesses of the datasets, the authors demonstrate their value for historical and social science research, as well as network analysis.
Rethinking the Lucchese Army During the Italian Wars, 1494–1559
Authors: Pessina Jacopo
Published: December 2022

The article reconsiders the Lucchese Army during the Italian Wars (1494–1559) to demonstrate that it was not archaic and weak, as asserted by scholars, fitting well with the conflicts faced by the Republic of Lucca. Moreover, based on militiamen, the Lucchese Army represented an alternative to standing mercenary forces for a third-rank state. The European states adopted new firearms, the trace italienne, the pike-and-shot units, and reorganised their armies by hiring foreign professional soldiers in permanent service. The case study of Lucca is relevant for three reasons. First, despite its being a third-rank state, the Lucchese Army was updated according to 16th-century military innovations. Second, the Republic recruited soldiers mostly from among its subjects. Third, in the period of the Italian Wars, the Lucchese government created an army which would be unchanged up to the end of the oligarchic republic in 1799.
‘New Russia’ and the Legacies of Settler Colonialism in Southern Ukraine
Authors: Durand Olivia Irena
Published: December 2022

Russia’s conquest of the northern shores of the Black Sea in the late eighteenth century and their renaming as ‘New Russia’ contributed to a wider movement of colonisation, settlement, and re-signification of territories worldwide under the aegis of imperial ideology. The adoption of the new name was also a way to erase the memory of the former inhabitants of the region—in the case of Southern Ukraine, its Tatar and Cossack populations, as well as its Greek and Jewish minorities. However, the coloniality of ‘New Russia’ was always up for debate in Russian official discourse: because the conquests happened in contiguous territories, Southern Ukraine was both an object of colonisation and an agent of further conquest, especially in the direction of the Caucasus. Inventing ‘New Russia’ thus asserted the colonial and ‘oriental’ significance of the Black Sea steppes, while entrenching Russia’s own imperial status and suggesting a place where Russia’s future might be.
The Identity Politics of Heritage
Authors: Betlii Olena
Published: December 2022

Russia’s war against Ukraine has shown not only how the Kremlin has weaponized history, but also how the victim can fight back by breaking historical ties with the aggressor. Since March 2022, Ukraine has been developing new identity politics of heritage. The article focuses on decisions made by the Kyiv City Council, the Ukrainian Ministry of Culture and Information Policy, and the Ukrainian Institute of National Memory regarding material objects associated with Russian or Soviet heritage. It also shows how Kyiv opinionmakers and experts have reacted to changes that will eventually result in the reshaping of the city’s memory landscape. The article divides the processes of deconstruction of urban space into three categories: decommunization, decolonization, and derussification. Each of them shapes not only the memory space of Kyiv, but also the identities of its residents. The article discusses how the identity politics of heritage work in the event of armed conflict and how different actors define the meaning of heritage during the ongoing war.
Variation Patterns in Interlanguage Pragmatics: Apology Speech Act of EFL Learners vs. American Native Speakers
Authors: Eslami Zohreh R. , Raeisi-Vanani Amin , Anani Sarab Mohammad Reza
Published: December 2022

Pragmatic competence consists of both pragmalinguistic and sociopragmatic components. The choice of pragmalinguistic strategies aligned with sociopragmatic norms may vary based on situational, cultural, and individual variables. The relationship between these important aspects of second language pragmatic competence, however, is underdeveloped in the literature. To fill this gap, the present paper is aimed at investigating the pragmalinguistic and sociopragmatic variations of the Iranian EFL learners from different proficiency levels. A written discourse completion task (WDCT) was adopted for collecting data. Data were analyzed using the coding categories for apologies developed in the previous benchmark studies. The findings of the study provided evidence showing both sociopragmatic and pragmalinguistic development across the levels of language proficiency. The findings can be used for the development of pragmatics-focused materials in L2 and pragmatics instruction.
In celebration of Jeffrey Graham Duckett’s unending curiosity and impactful contributions to bryology
Authors: RENZAGLIA KAREN SUE , PRESSEL SILVIA
Published: December 2022

For over 50 years, Jeffrey Graham Duckett has made vast and impactful contributions to multiple disciplines in bryology and across botany. He has inspired thousands of students of all ages through engaging classes and on unforgettable field excursions in sites across the globe (Fig. 1). His research students have gone on to make important contributions to biology and hold prestigious faculty, research and leadership positions. He has established productive and long-standing collaborations with numerous bryologists, and he is considered a treasured colleague who has uncanny insights that unveil the intricacies and beauty of the bryological world. This tribute to Jeff’s life and legacy cannot possibly do justice to the sweeping contributions he has made to his profession, and to the lives of his colleagues and students, rather we highlight his career path, and major accomplishments up to now that bridged multiple disciplines and have led to important advancements in bryology.
Rediscovery of the Chinese endemic Florschuetziella scaberrima (Bryophyta: Orthotrichaceae) a century after its description leads to its transfer to Leratia
Authors: HE SI , SHEVOCK JAMES R. , PATEL NIKISHA , LEMIEUX OLIVIA , GOFFINET BERNARD
Published: December 2022

Florschuetziella scaberrima (Broth.) Vitt, previously known only from the type material collected in 1915 from Yunnan, China, was rediscovered nearly a century later in 2005. The species is morphologically indistinguishable from the Mexican endemic F. steerei Vitt, but given the paucity of material the two are provisionally retained as distinct, allopatric species. Both species exhibit traits reminiscent of Leratia neocaledonica Broth. & Paris, a species endemic to New Caledonia. A shared ancestry with the other species currently accommodated in Leratia Broth. & Paris, i.e., L. exigua (Sull.) Goffinet and L. obtusifolia (Hook.) Goffinet, and the phylogenetically nested position of Florschuetziella Vitt within Leratia supports the merger of the two generic names, and hence the transfer of species of Florschuetziella, prompting the proposed new combinations Leratia steerei (Vitt) Goffinet, S.He & Shevock and Leratia scaberrima (Broth.) Goffinet, S.He & Shevock.
The Important Elements in the Formation of Odorous Substances in Black Odorous Water
Authors: Xie Yuheng , Sun Zhuo , Zhu Hongxiang , Xiong Jianhua , Wang Shuangfei , Song Hainong , Chen Guoning , Chen Yongli
Published: December 2022

At present, black odorous water is an important issue in waste water management, as it seriously affects the quality of river and lake water. However, how black odorous water forms still remains largely unclear. Under the conditions of artificially simulating black and odorous water
bodies, the formation conditions, generation mechanism and forming process of odorous substances-H2S were researched by adding different basic substances, including sulfur-containing substances, inorganic salts, and metal ions. The results showed that there must be sulfur-containing
substances to induce a black bloom in 5–9 d, and that the Oxidation-Reduction Potential (ORP) should be less than −200 mv, an optimal condition for forming black odorous water. Cysteine was the primary precursor for the production of H2S. Furthermore, when the inorganic
nitrogen salt additions were >10 mg/L, the formation of H2S was inhibited. Finally, metal ions inhibit the degree of odor-causing in water was Cu2+ > Fe2+ > Mn2+. The microbial communities were also monitored during the development of the
black odorous and the predominant bacteria were proteobacteria and it showed that the proteobacteria could desulfurize high-valence organic compounds containing sulfur become low-valence simple sulfides.
Identification and Characterization of Calcium-Dependent Protein Kinase (CDPK) Gene Families Across the Whole Genome in Cyclocarya paliurus
Authors: Yang Zhengting , Fan Sixian , Shen Yingsong , Shi Wenxia , Huang Taimin , An Yin , Li Kun
Published: December 2022

Cyclocarya paliurus, as a medicinal plant, grows widely in Karst ecosystem due to its great tolerance to high calcium levels. Previous studies suggested that Calcium-dependent protein kinases (CDPKs) are crucial for transmitting Ca2+ signal, and thus affecting the
plant calcium tolerance. This mechanism has not yet been sufficiently examined for Cyclocarya paliurus (C. paliurus). In this study, 25 CpCDPKs genes were computationally examined and categorized as four groups (CDPK I, CDPK II, CDPK III, and CDPK IV) according to their gene
structures, motif and phylogenetic relationships. Both EFhand and protein kinase domain were found in CpCDPK proteins. This work lays the groundwork for further investigation into the roles of CpCDPK in Cyclocarya paliurus.
Catalytic Oxidation of Polymers Remained in Oilfield by Transition Metal-Ethylenediamine Complex
Authors: Wang Jin , Bai Bingbing , Wei Yan , Wang Qingchen , Deng Qiang , Kong Tingting , Qu Chengtun , Tang Ying
Published: December 2022

This work is intended to seek for an efficient Fe-based Fenton reagent for clean oxidation of waste fracturing fluid containing hydroxypropyl guar gum (HGG) and other polymers in wide pH range. A series of complex was prepared with transition metal and ethylenediamine (L) by the coordination. The catalytic performance of the complexes were evaluated in the degradation of HGG, and the reaction conditions were optimized. The kinetics of HGG degradation was evaluated by means of the chemical oxygen demand (COD) and the viscosity. The results show that Fe(II)L exhibits high catalytic performance for the degradation of hydroxypropyl guar gum in a wide pH range of 7.0–11.0, the COD removal can reach to 86.4%. Under the optimum experimental conditions, the relative viscosity of hydroxypropyl guar gum solution can be reduced effectively to 7.99 from 247 with 10.0% H2O2in presence of 5.0% Fe(II)L. Besides, under the optimized condition, three typical polymers used in oilfield can be degradated effectively.
Poly-Lactide-Co-Glycolide-Polyethylene Glycol-Ginsenoside Rg3-Ag Exerts a Radio-Sensitization Effect in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Ma Jun , Yu Da-Hai , Zhao Di , Huang Teng , Dong Min , Wang Ting , Yin Hai-Tao
Published: December 2022

Radiotherapy is an effective anti-cancer therapy for patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), however, the prognosis is unsatisfactory owing to radio-resistance and toxicity. It is crucial to improve radiotherapy efficacy. Ag nanoparticles (NPs) and ginsenoside Rg3 (Rg3) exerted
antitumor and radio-sensitization effects. Therefore, we investigated whether poly-lactide-co-glycolide-polyethylene glycol (PLGA-PEG)-Rg3-Ag will function as a noninvasive, tracing, radiotherapy sensitizer. The morphology of NPs was visualized with transmission electron microscopy (TEM).
The drug loading content, encapsulation efficiency, and cumulative drug release of Rg3 was determined by HPLC. Cellular uptake of NPs in A549 and SPCA-1 was measured by immunostaining. The radio-sensitization effect of PLGA-PEG-Rg3-Ag in vitro was determined in A549 by detecting proliferation,
colony formation, and apoptosis with CCK-8, clonogenic survival assay, and flow cytometry, while in vivo was determined in nude mice by testing the body weight and tumor volume. PLGA-PEG-Rg3-Ag exerted radio-sensitization effect by reducing cell proliferation and colony formation while
enhancing cell apoptosis in A549; reduced tumor volume in nude mice. PLGA-PEG-Rg3-Ag exhibits radio-sensitization effects in NSCLC.
Polymer nanoparticle delivery of microRNA-1303 suppresses renal cell carcinoma differentiation via regulation of small nucleolar RNA host gene 16
Authors: Tang Qilin , Zou Rong , Lei Xiangli , Tan Shuai , Wang Jiusong
Published: December 2022

Small nucleolar RNA host gene 16 (SNHG16) participates in some cancers as microRNA (miR)-1303 is also reported to function on proliferation of various cancer cells. This study aimed to assess SNHG16 and miR-1303′s role in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and its underlying mechanism.
RT-qPCR was used to determine SNHG16 and miR-1303 expression in RCC cells (A498, 786-O, ACHN and OS-RC-2) and normal kidney epithelial cells (HK-2). Functional experiment was established to detect the role of miR-1303. After synthesis of nanoparticles carrying miR-1303 and transfection, CCK-8
method and assays were used to evaluate cell growth and apoptosis. The target genes for miR-1303 were predicted using bioinformatics software, and binding of miR-1303 to SNHG16 was evaluated using the dual-luciferase reporter assay. miR-1303 was lowly expressed in RCC cells, with lowest level
in A498 (p < 0.05). Overexpressed miR-1303 significantly reduced proliferation ability of RCC cells and induced apoptosis (p < 0.05). Besides, transfection of NP carrying miR-1303 mimic resulted in dramatically decreased migrated cells when reducing the expression of SNHG18
mRNA. The presence of NPs strengthened the inhibitory effect of miR-1303 on RCC. Furthermore, the miR-1303+SNHG16-WT co-transfection group had lower relative luciferase activity compared with miR-1303+SNHG16-MUT co-transfection group (p < 0.05). miR-1303 was down-regulated in RCC
and NP delivery of miR-1303 inhibited RCC cell proliferation and differentiation through regulation of SNHG16. These findings suggest miR-1303 may become a potential molecular target for RCC.
On the psycho-emotional deficitisation of workers in the age of cognitive enhancement
Authors: Lindebaum Dirk , Langer Susanne
Published: December 2022

Despite being the subject of public and scholarly debates for some time, the topic of cognitive enhancement remains theoretically under-developed in organisation studies. This is because the ‘dots’ still have to be ‘connected’ between macro-level phenomena (here, the therapeutic ethos and cognitive capitalism), and micro-level phenomena (in this case, cognitive abilities). In this essay, we use Fromm’s notion of social character to theorise dialectally about the interaction between these macro and micro-level phenomena. Doing so enables us to examine how the macro/micro interaction fosters to adoption of cognitive enhancement in the context of work, and what kinds of consequences might emerge from this. We propose the psycho-emotional deficitisation of workers as a central consequence of the aforementioned interaction, and define it as an internalised version of external ideals of what it means to be a productive worker under cognitive capitalism, which over time generates and reinforces the affective experience of being deficient. Our theorising around socially patterned defects of a cognitive kind has crucial ramification for our understanding of technology-mediated affective control at work and how human–technology interactions shape the subjectivities of workers towards greater self-inferiorisation vis-à-vis the perceived superiority of technology. We close by foreshadowing avenues for future research.
Voters’ perceptions and evaluations of dynastic politics in Japan
Authors: Miwa Hirofumi , Kasuya Yuko , Ono Yoshikuni
Published: December 2022

Political family dynasties are a staple part of Japanese politics. According to one study, Japan has the fourth highest number of dynastic politicians among democratic countries, after Thailand, the Philippines, and Iceland. As a result, many scholars have qualitatively studied how these political families are born and managed. In contrast to the wealth of qualitative studies on this subject, however, few quantitative studies on Japanese political dynasties focus on how voters view them. To understand this question, we conducted two nation-wide surveys. Our major findings are that while the majority of respondents dislike dynastic candidates, they also value certain attributes of those candidates, such as their political networks, their potential for ministerial appointments, and their ability to bring pork projects to their constituencies. These results fill a gap in benchmark information on dynastic politics in Japan and are a departure from existing studies that show Japanese voters are neutral regarding whether a candidate is from a dynastic family in voting decisions.
The antennal transcriptome of Triatoma infestans reveals substantial expression changes triggered by a blood meal
Authors: Latorre Estivalis Jose Manuel , Traverso Lucila , Pontes Gina , Lorenzo Marcelo Gustavo
Published: December 2022

Background

Triatoma infestans is the main vector of Chagas disease in the Americas, currently transmitting it in Argentina, Paraguay, and Bolivia. Many T. infestans populations present insecticide resistance, reducing the efficiency of control campaigns. Alternative vector control methods are needed, and molecular targets mediating fundamental physiological processes can be a promising option to manipulate kissing bug behavior. Therefore, it is necessary to characterize the main sensory targets, as well as to determine whether they are modulated by physiological factors. In order to identify gene candidates potentially mediating host cue detection, the antennal transcripts of T. infestans fifth instar larvae were sequenced and assembled. Besides, we evaluated whether a blood meal had an effect on transcriptional profiles, as responsiveness to host-emitted sensory cues depends on bug starvation.

Results

The sensory-related gene families of T. infestans were annotated (127 odorant receptors, 38 ionotropic receptors, 11 gustatory receptors, 41 odorant binding proteins, and 25 chemosensory proteins, among others) and compared to those of several other hemipterans, including four triatomine species. Several triatomine-specific lineages representing sensory adaptations developed through the evolution of these blood-feeding heteropterans were identified. As well, we report here various conserved sensory gene orthogroups shared by heteropterans. The absence of the thermosensor pyrexia, of pickpocket receptor subfamilies IV and VII, together with clearly expanded takeout repertoires, are revealed features of the molecular bases of heteropteran antennal physiology. Finally, out of 2,122 genes whose antennal expression was significantly altered by the ingestion of a blood meal, a set of 41 T. infestans sensory-related genes (9 up-regulated; 32 down-regulated) was detected.

Conclusions

We propose that the set of genes presenting nutritionally-triggered modulation on their expression represent candidates to mediate triatomine host-seeking behavior. Besides, the triatomine-specific gene lineages found represent molecular adaptations to their risky natural history that involves stealing blood from an enormously diverse set of vertebrates. Heteropteran gene orthogroups identified may represent unknown features of the sensory specificities of this largest group of hemipteroids. Our work is the first molecular characterization of the peripheral modulation of sensory processes in a non-dipteran vector of human disease.