bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Supporting biodiversity studies with the EUBrazilOpenBio Hybrid Data Infrastructure
Authors: Amaral Rafael , Badia Rosa M. , Blanquer Ignacio , Braga‐Neto Ricardo , Candela Leonardo , Castelli Donatella , Flann Christina , De Giovanni Renato , Gray William A. , Jones Andrew , Lezzi Daniele , Pagano Pasquale , Perez‐Canhos Vanderlei , Quevedo Francisco , Rafanell Roger , Rebello Vinod , Sousa‐Baena Mariane S. , Torres Erik
Published: March 2014

EUBrazilOpenBio is a collaborative initiative addressing strategic barriers in biodiversity research by integrating open access data and user‐friendly tools widely available in Brazil and Europe. The project deploys the EU‐Brazil Hybrid Data Infrastructure that allows the sharing of hardware, software and data on‐demand. This infrastructure provides access to several integrated services and resources to seamlessly aggregate taxonomic, biodiversity and climate data, used by processing services implementing checklist cross‐mapping and ecological niche modelling. A Virtual Research Environment was created to provide users with a single entry point to processing and data resources. This article describes the architecture, demonstration use cases and some experimental results and validation. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ultrafast Two‐Dimensional NMR Relaxometry for Investigating Molecular Processes in Real Time
Authors: Ahola Susanna , Telkki Ville‐Veikko
Published: March 2014

Nuclear spin–lattice (T1) and spin–spin (T2) relaxation times provide versatile information about the dynamics and structure of substances, such as proteins, polymers, porous media, and so forth. Multidimensional experiments increase the information content and resolution of NMR relaxometry, but they also multiply the measurement time. To overcome this issue, we present an efficient strategy for a single‐scan measurement of a 2D T1–T2 correlation map. The method shortens the experimental time by one to three orders of magnitude as compared to the conventional method, offering an unprecedented opportunity to study molecular processes in real‐time. We demonstrate that, despite the tremendous speed‐up, the T1–T2 correlation maps determined by the single‐scan method are in good agreement with the maps measured by the conventional method. The concept of the single‐scan T1–T2 correlation experiment is applicable to a broad range of other multidimensional relaxation and diffusion experiments.
A color and shape based algorithm for segmentation of white blood cells in peripheral blood and bone marrow images
Authors: Arslan Salim , Ozyurek Emel , Gunduz‐Demir Cigdem
Published: March 2014

Computer‐based imaging systems are becoming important tools for quantitative assessment of peripheral blood and bone marrow samples to help experts diagnose blood disorders such as acute leukemia. These systems generally initiate a segmentation stage where white blood cells are separated from the background and other nonsalient objects. As the success of such imaging systems mainly depends on the accuracy of this stage, studies attach great importance for developing accurate segmentation algorithms. Although previous studies give promising results for segmentation of sparsely distributed normal white blood cells, only a few of them focus on segmenting touching and overlapping cell clusters, which is usually the case when leukemic cells are present. In this article, we present a new algorithm for segmentation of both normal and leukemic cells in peripheral blood and bone marrow images. In this algorithm, we propose to model color and shape characteristics of white blood cells by defining two transformations and introduce an efficient use of these transformations in a marker‐controlled watershed algorithm. Particularly, these domain specific characteristics are used to identify markers and define the marking function of the watershed algorithm as well as to eliminate false white blood cells in a postprocessing step. Working on 650 white blood cells in peripheral blood and bone marrow images, our experiments reveal that the proposed algorithm improves the segmentation performance compared with its counterparts, leading to high accuracies for both sparsely distributed normal white blood cells and dense leukemic cell clusters. © 2014 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
EGFR analysis: Current evidence and future directions
Authors: Bellevicine Claudio , Malapelle Umberto , de Luca Caterina , Iaccarino Antonino , Troncone Giancarlo
Published: March 2014

Until a few years ago, only lung cancer histological specimens were considered suitable for testing epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations. Then, several retrospective studies were designed to test EGFR mutation on a sizeable number of parallel cytological and histological samples obtained from the same patients and, even more recently, several institutions reported their prospective clinical experiences on routine specimens. Basing on these studies the College of American Pathologists, the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer, and the Association for Molecular Pathology have recently considered cytological samples suitable for EGFR testing. Therefore, it seems timely to draw together the threads of this large body of information in order that cytopathologists can be knowledgeable partners in the multidisciplinary process of targeted cancer therapy and to help refine current testing guidelines. This review addresses (1) the more common proposed techniques including the use of direct cytologic smears cell blocks and liquid based cytology; (2) the issues related to current practice, which in Europe is external centralized testing that is usually done on samples containing very few cells; and (3) the future directions based on the implementation on lung cytology of next generation sequencing approaches. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2014;42:984–992. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Active colonization dynamics and diversity patterns are influenced by dendritic network connectivity and species interactions
Authors: Seymour Mathew , Altermatt Florian
Published: March 2014

Habitat network connectivity influences colonization dynamics, species invasions, and biodiversity patterns. Recent theoretical work suggests dendritic networks, such as those found in rivers, alter expectations regarding colonization and dispersal dynamics compared with other network types. As many native and non‐native species are spreading along river networks, this may have important ecological implications. However, experimental studies testing the effects of network structure on colonization and diversity patterns are scarce. Up to now, experimental studies have only considered networks where sites are connected with small corridors, or dispersal was experimentally controlled, which eliminates possible effects of species interactions on colonization dynamics. Here, we tested the effect of network connectivity and species interactions on colonization dynamics using continuous linear and dendritic (i.e., river‐like) networks, which allow for active dispersal. We used a set of six protist species and one rotifer species in linear and dendritic microcosm networks. At the start of the experiment, we introduced species, either singularly or as a community within the networks. Species subsequently actively colonized the networks. We periodically measured densities of species throughout the networks over 2 weeks to track community dynamics, colonization, and diversity patterns. We found that colonization of dendritic networks was faster compared with colonization of linear networks, which resulted in higher local mean species richness in dendritic networks. Initially, community similarity was also greater in dendritic networks compared with linear networks, but this effect vanished over time. The presence of species interactions increased community evenness over time, compared with extrapolations from single‐species setups. Our experimental findings confirm previous theoretical work and show that network connectivity, species‐specific dispersal ability, and species interactions greatly influence the dispersal and colonization of dendritic networks. We argue that these factors need to be considered in empirical studies, where effects of network connectivity on colonization patterns have been largely underestimated.
Phosphorus–Boron‐Based Polymers Obtained by Dehydrocoupling of Ferrocenylphosphine–Borane Adducts
Authors: Pandey Souvik , Lönnecke Peter , Hey‐Hawkins Evamarie
Published: March 2014

Dehydrocoupling of the ferrocenylphosphine–borane adducts [FcPH2(BH3)] (1) [Fc = Fe(C5H5)(C5H4)] and [FcCH2PH2(BH3)] (2) with [{Rh(μ‐Cl)(cod)}2] (cod = 1,5‐cyclooctadiene) as catalyst gave the corresponding phosphorus–boron‐based polymers [FcPH(BH2)]n (3) and [FcCH2PH(BH2)]n (4) as low‐ (heating in toluene, 3low and 4low) or high‐molecular‐weight (heating without solvent, 3high or 4high) poly(ferrocenylphosphinoborane)s depending on the reaction conditions. Dehydrocoupling of a racemic mixture of [2‐N,N‐dimethyl(N‐borane)aminomethyl‐1‐ferrocenyl]phosphine–borane (6) resulted in several products, as both BH3 moieties are apparently involved in polymer formation. Quaternization of the amino group in planar‐chiral [Fe(C5H5){C5H3(CH2NMe2)PH2}] (5) with MeI and treatment of the corresponding ammonium salt [Fe(C5H5){C5H3(CH2NMe3)PH2}]I (8) with BH3(THF) gave [Fe(C5H5){C5H3(CH2NMe3)PH2(BH3)}]I (9), which proved to be a suitable precursor for selective dehydrocoupling to yield an ionic polymer, namely, {[Fe(C5H5){C5H3(CH2NMe3)PH(BH2)}]I}n. The ferrocenylphosphine–borane adducts 1, 2, and 6 were characterized by 31P, 11B, 1H, and 13C NMR spectroscopy, and the polymers were characterized by multinuclear NMR and IR spectroscopy, gel permeation chromatography (GPC), and thermal analysis [differential thermal analysis (DTA)/thermogravimetry (TG)]. The ionic precursor 9 and the resulting polymer are highly insoluble and were characterized by solid‐state 31P NMR spectroscopy, IR spectroscopy, and thermal analysis. Molecular structures of 1, 6, 8, and 9 were determined by X‐ray crystallography.
A Model Study toward the Concise Synthesis of Bromotyrosine‐Derived Spiroisoxazoline Natural Products and Analogous Core Structures
Authors: Das Prasanta , Valente Edward J. , Hamme Ashton T.
Published: March 2014

A model study of the first nonaromatic ring based approach toward α‐hydroxyspiroisoxazolines resembling the bromotyrosine‐derived natural product and analogous spiroisoxazoline core structures was implemented. The desired molecular architecture was achieved through the multifunctionalization of a key 1,3‐diketo spiroisoxazoline. Our strategy could serve as an efficient alternative to previously developed approaches that involve aromatic ring oxidation as the essential step to synthesize this class of natural products.
Bandage‐Based Wearable Potentiometric Sensor for Monitoring Wound pH
Authors: Guinovart Tomàs , Valdés‐Ramírez Gabriela , Windmiller Joshua R. , Andrade Francisco J. , Wang Joseph
Published: March 2014

A new wearable electrochemical sensor for monitoring the pH of wounds is introduced. The device is based on the judicious incorporation of a screen‐printed pH potentiometric sensor into bandages. The fabrication of this sensor, which uses an electropolymerized polyaniline (PANi) conducting polymer for pH sensing, combines the screen‐printing fabrication methodology with all‐solid‐state potentiometry for implementation of both the reference and the working electrodes. The pH bandage sensor displays a Nernstian response over a physiologically relevant pH range (5.5–8), with a noteworthy selectivity in the presence of physiological levels of most common ions. The bandage‐embedded sensor can track pH fluctuations with no apparent carry‐over effect. The sensor displays good resiliency against mechanical stress, along with superior repeatability and reproducibility. The in vitro performance of the device was successfully evaluated using buffer solutions emulating the composition of a wound. The novel pH‐sensitive bandages facilitate new avenues towards the realization of telemedicine.
Shaking table testing of multidrum columns and portals
Authors: Drosos Vasileios , Anastasopoulos Ioannis
Published: March 2014

A common type of ancient monuments around the Mediterranean is the ancient Greek temple. Unfortunately, very few remain intact; most of them surviving in the form of free‐standing multidrum columns. Composed of stones resting on top of each other without any connection, such columns are considered vulnerable to earthquakes. The paper presents an experimental study of such structures, aiming to explore their seismic vulnerability and derive insights on the key factors affecting their response. Reduced scale models of a single multidrum column and of a portal were tested at the shaking table of the National Technical University of Athens Laboratory of Soil Mechanics. The models, constructed of marble just as the originals, were excited by idealized Ricker pulses and real seismic records. Single columns exhibit a remarkable earthquake resistance. Subjected to the strongest motions ever recorded in Greece, where many such monuments are situated, the columns hardly suffered any permanent deformation. Collapse is probable only for extremely harsh directivity‐affected seismic motions. Portals proved even more robust, surviving extreme seismic excitations. Their superior performance is related to the beneficial role of the epistyle, which adds energy dissipation and restoring force to the system. Their performance is very sensitive to minor changes in geometry or input motion. The complexity increases exponentially with the number of drums, being directly associated with the number of drum‐to‐drum interfaces and the increased probability of interface imperfections. In contrast to PGA, the maximum spectral displacement SDmax and the length scale Lp have turned out to be effective intensity measures. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dimensions of Emotion Dysregulation in Bulimia Nervosa
Authors: Lavender Jason M. , Wonderlich Stephen A. , Peterson Carol B. , Crosby Ross D. , Engel Scott G. , Mitchell James E. , Crow Scott J. , Smith Tracey L. , Klein Marjorie H. , Goldschmidt Andrea B. , Berg Kelly C.
Published: March 2014

The goal of this study was to examine associations between dimensions of emotion dysregulation and eating disorder (ED) symptoms in bulimia nervosa (BN). This investigation used baseline data from a BN treatment study that included 80 adults (90% women) with full or subthreshold BN. Participants completed the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS) and the Eating Disorders Examination interview. The Eating Disorders Examination global score was significantly correlated with the DERS total score, as well as several DERS subscales: nonacceptance, impulse and strategies. Further, the DERS goals subscale was found to be uniquely associated with frequency of purging and driven exercise, although none of the subscales were associated with frequency of objective binge eating. Findings indicate that emotion dysregulation is associated with ED symptoms in BN, suggesting the utility of interventions that address emotion regulation skills deficits in the treatment of the disorder. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
Measurement of particle rotation in a saltation layer
Authors: von Pokorny M. L. , Horender S.
Published: March 2014

Two computational methods to measure particle rotations from shadow images of sand particles saltating in a wind tunnel are presented. One method calculates the maximum of the cross‐correlations through multiple angular rotations of an imaged particle. The second method polar transforms both images and then calculates the correlation coefficient for multiple pixel displacements in the θ axis, corresponding to particle rotations. The results from both methods were analysed as a function of height above sand bed (3.7–33.4 mm) and particle size (0.32–0.93 mm equivalent mean diameter). Our results indicate little evidence that particle rotation speeds depend on either their size or height above the sand bed. Though similar results were obtained from both methods, there existed different advantages and disadvantages between the methods. Erroneous results likely arose from particles that were inadequately described by a 2‐D rotation axis, or from poorly imaged particles. At a wind tunnel speed of about 12 m/s, most particles rotated at around 300–400 rev/s. Negative rotations were also found, and their proportion was approximately 15% within the total range of −450 to 850 rev/s. The ratio of displacement kinetic energy to rotation energy was compared across the various groups and had values between 15 and 40. The quotient showed little dependence on height, though decreased with increasing particle size. Wider applicability of the measurement methodology to study snow particle rotation is also discussed. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A spectral quadrilateral multidomain penalty method model for high Reynolds number incompressible stratified flows
Authors: Escobar‐Vargas J.A. , Diamessis P.J. , Sakai T.
Published: March 2014

A two‐dimensional quadrilateral spectral multidomain penalty method (SMPM) model has been developed for the simulation of high Reynolds number incompressible stratified flows. The implementation of higher‐order quadrilateral subdomains renders this model a nontrivial extension of a one‐dimensional subdomain SMPM model built for the simulation of the same type of flows in vertically nonperiodic domains (Diamessis et al., J. Comp. Phys, 202:298‐322, 2005). The nontrivial aspects of this extension consist of the implementation of subdomain corners, the penalty formulation of the pressure Poisson equation (PPE), and, most importantly, the treatment of specific challenges that arise in the iterative solution of the SMPM‐discretized PPE. The two primary challenges within the framework of the iterative solution of the PPE are its regularization to ensure the consistency of the associated linear system of equations and the design of an appropriate two‐level preconditioner. A qualitative and quantitative assessment of the accuracy, efficiency, and stability of the quadrilateral SMPM solver is provided through its application to the standard benchmarks of the Taylor vortex, lid‐driven cavity, and double shear layer. The capacity of the flow solver for the study of environmental stratified flow processes is shown through the simulation of long‐distance propagation of an internal solitary wave of depression in a manner that is free of numerical dispersion and dissipation. The methods and results presented in this paper make it a point of reference for future studies oriented toward the reliable application of the quadrilateral SMPM model to more complex environmental stratified flow process studies. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Pain anticipation recruits the mesolimbic system and differentially modulates subsequent recognition memory
Authors: Bauch Eva M. , Rausch Vanessa H. , Bunzeck Nico
Published: March 2014

The ability to encode information into long‐term memory is not a passive process but can be influenced by motivational factors. While the mesolimbic system has long been associated with reward‐driven memory enhancement, the precise neurobiology of processing aversive events and their effects on declarative learning remain unclear. To address this issue, human subjects encoded a series of scene images, which was combined with cues predicting an aversive electric shock with different probabilities (0.2, 0.5, 0.8). Subsequently, recognition memory for the scenes was tested using a remember/know procedure. In a behavioral experiment, shock probability had linear effects on familiarity and inverted u‐shaped effects on recollection. While the behavioral effect was absent in experiment 2 (fMRI), at the neural level encoding‐related activity in the hippocampus mimicked the recollection specific quadratic effect, whereas activity in the anterior parahippocampal gyrus mirrored the familiarity specific linear relationship that was evident in experiment 1. Importantly, the probability of upcoming shocks was linearly coded in the substantia nigra / ventral tegmental area, and pain associated brain regions, such as the insula, responded to shock delivery. Our results demonstrate that anticipating primary aversive events recruits the human mesolimbic system and differentially modulates declarative memory functions via medial temporal lobe structures. Hum Brain Mapp 35:4594–4606, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Treatment outcomes of postradiation second head and neck malignancies managed by a multidisciplinary approach
Authors: Chung Joseph , Lee Victor , Tsang Raymond , Chan Jimmy , Kwong Dora L. W. , Lam Ka‐on , Sze Henry C. K. , Leung To‐wai
Published: March 2014

Background

The purpose of this study was to report on the treatment outcomes of patients with postradiation second head and neck malignancies.

Methods

Fifty‐seven consecutive patients with postradiation second malignancy were reviewed. Progression‐free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and prognostic factors were analyzed.

Results

Mean time interval between first course of radiation therapy to the development of postradiation second malignancy was 13.2 years. Median PFS and OS for the whole group were 12.0 and 67.0 months, respectively. Postradiation sarcoma conferred a worse PFS (p = .003) and OS (p = .001) as compared to postradiation carcinoma. Multivariate analysis revealed that Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status ≥3 (p = .034), postradiation sarcoma (p = .007), and lack of radical surgery (p = .044) are prognostic of PFS, whereas postradiation sarcoma (p = .002), lack of postprogression surgery (p < .001), and lack of postprogression systemic therapy (p = .011) were prognostic factors of OS.

Conclusion

Treatment outcomes of postradiation second malignancy seemed promising under a multidisciplinary management. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 37: 815–822, 2015
Utility of magnifying endoscopy with narrow band imaging in determining the invasion depth of superficial pharyngeal cancer
Authors: Kikuchi Daisuke , Iizuka Toshiro , Yamada Akihiro , Furuhata Tsukasa , Yamashita Satoshi , Nomura Kosuke , Kuribayashi Yasutaka , Kimura Ryuusuke , Matsui Akira , Mitani Toshifumi , Ogawa Osamu , Takeda Hidehiko , Hoteya Shu , Kaise Mitsuru
Published: March 2014

Background

Magnifying endoscopy with narrow band imaging (ME‐NBI) is useful to diagnose invasion depth of superficial esophageal cancer. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the utility of ME‐NBI of superficial pharyngeal cancer.

Methods

Between April 2008 and June 2012, 146 lesions in 104 patients who underwent ME‐NBI and en bloc resection were retrospectively analyzed. Based on magnifying endoscopic classification, proposed by the Japan Esophageal Society, microvasculature type was classified into B1, B2, and B3.

Results

B1 alone, B2, and B3 were observed in 128, 14, and 4 lesions, respectively. The frequency of subepithelial cancer were 20.3% (26 of 128), 78.6% (11 of 14), and 100% (4 of 4), respectively (p < .05). Mean invasion distance were 650 μm, 720.0 μm, and 2256.5 μm. Positive and negative predictive value for diagnosing subepithelial cancer based on the presence of B2 or B3 was 83.3% (15 of 18) and 79.7% (102 of 128).

Conclusion

ME‐NBI is useful to determining invasion depth of superficial pharyngeal cancer. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 37: 846–850, 2015
DNA aneuploidy‐specific therapy for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: García Martínez Jorge , García–Inclán Cristina , Suárez Carlos , Llorente José L. , Hermsen Mario A.
Published: March 2014

Background

Patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) have an unfavorable prognosis, with a 5‐year survival rate of approximately 40%. Genetic analyses have revealed that the majority of HNSCCs carry complex, aneuploid karyotypes, showing numerical and structural chromosomal imbalances. New compounds are being developed that target chromosomal instability in general, specifically affecting cells with aneuploid karyotypes.

Methods

Two such compounds, 5‐aminoimidazole‐4‐carboxamide riboside (AICAR) and 17‐allylamino‐17‐demethoxygeldanamycin (17‐AAG), were tested using a panel of stable diploid and unstable aneuploid HNSCC cell lines, and short‐term cultures of normal keratinocytes as control.

Results

A significant growth inhibitory effect by both compounds was observed in the aneuploid compared to diploid HNSCC cell lines and to the normal keratinocytes. This effect was independent from the TP53 mutation status. Combination treatment with AICAR and 17‐AAG demonstrated the strongest inhibition.

Conclusion

Aneuploidy‐targeted therapy may be a viable addition to the treatment options for HNSCC. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 37: 884–888, 2015
Current philosophy in the surgical management of neck metastases for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Coskun H. Hakan , Medina Jesus E. , Robbins K. Thomas , Silver Carl E. , Strojan Primož , Teymoortash Afshin , Pellitteri Phillip K. , Rodrigo Juan P. , Stoeckli Sandro J. , Shaha Ashok R. , Suárez Carlos , Hartl Dana M. , de Bree Remco , Takes Robert P. , Hamoir Marc , Pitman Karen T. , Rinaldo Alessandra , Ferlito Alfio
Published: March 2014

Neck dissection is an important treatment for metastases from upper aerodigestive carcinoma; an event that markedly reduces survival. Since its inception, the philosophy of the procedure has undergone significant change from one of radicalism to the current conservative approach. Furthermore, nonsurgical modalities have been introduced, and, in many situations, have supplanted neck surgery. The refinements of imaging the neck based on the concept of neck level involvement has encouraged new philosophies to evolve that seem to benefit patient outcomes particularly as this relates to diminished morbidity. The purpose of this review was to highlight the new paradigms for surgical removal of neck metastases using an evidence‐based approach. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 37: 915–926, 2015
E2F1 is a novel fibrogenic gene that regulates cholestatic liver fibrosis through the Egr-1/SHP/EID1 network
Authors: Zhang Yuxia , Xu Ningyi , Xu Jun , Kong Bo , Copple Bryan , Guo Grace L. , Wang Li
Published: March 2014

E2F transcription factor 1 (E2F1) is an important regulator of metabolic diseases; however, its role in liver function remains elusive. This study unraveled a regulatory cascade involving E2F1, early growth response-1 (Egr-1), nuclear receptor small heterodimer partner (SHP, NR0B2), and EIA-like inhibitor of differentiation 1 (EID1) in cholestatic liver fibrosis. Liver E2F1 messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein expression was strongly up-regulated in human nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and alcohol cirrhosis; the latter was inversely correlated with diminished SHP expression. E2F1 was also highly induced by 3,5-diethoxycarbonyl-1, 4-dihydrocollidine (DDC) feeding and bile-duct ligation (BDL) in mice. E2F1−/−
mice exhibited reduced biliary fibrosis by DDC as determined by Masson Trichrome and Picro Sirius red staining, and decreased serum bile acid (BA), BA pool size, and fecal BA excretion. In addition, cholestatic liver fibrosis induced by BDL, as determined by immunohistochemistry analysis of a1 collagen expression, was increased in SHP−/−
mice but attenuated in hepatocyte SHP-overexpressed transgenic (STG) mice. Egr-1 exhibited marked induction in livers of SHP−/−
mice compared to the wild-type mice in both sham and BDL groups, and reduction in STG livers. Egr-1 promoter was activated by E2F1, and the activation was abrogated by expression of SHP and its co-repressor EID1 in hepatoma cells Huh7, Hepa1, and stellate cells LX2. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays further confirmed the association of E2F1, SHP, and EID1 proteins with the Egr-1 promoter, and their direct protein interactions were determined by glutathione S-transferase pull-down assays. Interestingly, E2F1 activated Egr-1 expression in a biphasic fashion as described in both human and mouse hepatocytes. Conclusion: E2F1 is a fibrogenic gene and could serve as a potential new diagnostic marker for nonalcoholic and alcoholic liver fibrosis/cirrhosis. (Hepatology 2014;60:919–930)
Treatment de‐escalation in HPV‐positive oropharyngeal carcinoma: Ongoing trials, critical issues and perspectives
Authors: Mirghani H. , Amen F. , Blanchard P. , Moreau F. , Guigay J. , Hartl D.M. , Lacau St Guily J.
Published: March 2014

Due to the generally poor prognosis of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), treatment has been intensified, these last decades, leading to an increase of serious side effects. High‐risk human papillomavirus (HR‐HPV) infection has been recently etiologically linked to a subset of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC), which is on the increase. These tumors are different, at the clinical and molecular level, when compared to tumors caused by traditional risk factors. Additionally, their prognosis is much more favorable which has led the medical community to consider new treatment strategies. Indeed, it is possible that less intensive treatment regimens could achieve similar efficacy with less toxicity and improved quality of life. Several clinical trials, investigating different ways to de‐escalate treatment, are currently ongoing. In this article, we review these main approaches, discuss the rationale behind them and the issues raised by treatment de‐escalation in HPV‐positive OPSCC.
EFFECTS OF AN INTERVENTION TO PROMOTE SOCIOEMOTIONAL DEVELOPMENT IN TERMS OF ATTACHMENT SECURITY: A STUDY IN EARLY INSTITUTIONALIZATION IN CHILE
Authors: Lecannelier Felipe , Silva Jaime R. , Hoffmann Marianela , Melo Rolando , Morales Raquel
Published: March 2014

The Chilean government commissioned a quasi‐experimental study with a pre‐/postintervention design that had two general aims: (a) to assess infants’ psychoaffective developmental levels (pre‐intervention phase) and (b) to evaluate whether an intervention based on the promotion of socioemotional development modifies the infant's psychoaffective development. Sixty‐two institutionalized infants and their alternative caregivers were evaluated at a pre‐intervention stage. An intervention then took place, with the caregivers trained according to an “attachment sensitivity manual.” Results showed normal ranges of psychomotor development (64% normal, 9% delayed) and a very high frequency of attachment insecurity, as compared to the normative population (53%).The intervention significantly improved social orientation and object orientation as well as activity and reactivity levels. We conclude that although institutionalized infants in Chile do not exhibit high levels of atypical attachment, socioemotional deterioration may lead to vulnerability in present and future development. Finally, the scope of this study affected public policies regarding children, initiating a change to a foster family system and a variety of modifications in the strategies for adopting institutionalized infants.
GLOBAL RESEARCH, PRACTICE, AND POLICY ISSUES ON THE CARE OF INFANTS AND YOUNG CHILDREN AT RISK: THE ARTICLES IN CONTEXT
Authors: McCall Robert B. , Groark Christina J. , Rygaard Niels P.
Published: March 2014

This Special Issue includes articles that contribute to (a) the global research base pertaining to the development of infants and toddlers at risk, primarily those who are institutionalized in lower resource countries; (b) interventions in institutions and to promote family alternatives to institutionalization; and (c) attempts to create modern child welfare systems emphasizing family care in entire states and countries. This introduction places these articles into the broader contexts of the literature in these three domains of interest. Across the world, urbanization, migration, armed conflict, epidemics, and famine disrupt families. Add poverty, abuse, neglect, and parental incapacity due to substance abuse and mental health problems, and the result is millions of children without parental care who come under governmental responsibility, often to be reared in institutions, and at risk for long‐term developmental deficiencies and problems. Over the last 2 decades and especially recently, national and international governments and nongovernment organizations have increased efforts to help such children, especially those in low‐resource countries. Two types of efforts have been made: one to improve the quality of care provided by institutions and the other to minimize the use of institutions and promote family residential care alternatives. The latter effort includes preventing family separations in the first place, reunification of children with birth families, and developing systems of kinship care, foster care, and adoption. This Special Issue of IMHJ is devoted to reports pertaining to issues in the research knowledge base, program practices, and countrywide policies for infants and young children at risk. We attempt in this introduction to place these reports in the broader context of this field, identify their unique contributions, and highlight lessons learned that can contribute to improved care practices and better child welfare systems.
Coordinated Regulation of Retinoic Acid Signaling Pathway by KDM5B and Polycomb Repressive Complex 2
Authors: Zhang Yu , Liang Jing , Li Qian
Published: March 2014

Polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) is a critical epigenetic regulator in many biological processes, including maintenance of cell identity, stem cell self‐renewal, differentiation, and deregulation of PRC2 is often observed in human cancers and diseases. Here we report that KDM5B (PLU‐1/JARID1B), a histone lysine demethylase of Jumonji family, associates with PRC2 and colocalizes with PRC2 in nuclear bodies, and their physical association is dependent on direct interaction between KDM5B and the SUZ12 component of PRC2. Interestingly, co‐occupancy of KDM5B and PRC2 was evidenced at the conserved cis‐regulatory DNA element on retinoic acid (RA) responsive genes. Transcription readout and in vitro pull‐down experiments suggest that KDM5B is an essential co‐activator, but not a co‐repressor, for the RA signaling, and the interface between KDM5B's JMJC domain and retinoic acid receptor α (RARα) is crucial for RA‐mediated gene expression. Detailed chromatin immunoprecipitation assays addressed the seemingly paradox by revealing a biphasic effect of KDM5B on RA‐induced gene activation through decoupled H3K4me3 demethylation and PRC2‐antagonizing activities. These results demonstrate that KDM5B and PRC2 regulate RA signaling cascade in a cooperative and orchestrated fashion. J. Cell. Biochem. 115: 1528–1538, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Inhibition of AMPK/Autophagy Potentiates Parthenolide‐Induced Apoptosis in Human Breast Cancer Cells
Authors: Lu Can , Wang Wenwen , Jia Yongsheng , Liu Xiaodong , Tong Zhongsheng , Li Binghui
Published: March 2014

Parthenolide is the main bioactive component in feverfew, a common used herbal medicine, and has been extensively studied in relation to its anti‐cancer properties. However there have been very few in‐depth studies of the activities of this compound at the molecular level. Here, we showed that parthenolide increased reactive oxygen species (ROS), induced cell death, activated AMPK and autophagy, and led to M phase cell cycle arrest in breast cancer cells. Removal of ROS inhibited all parthenolide‐associated events, such as cell death, AMPK activation, autophagy induction, and cell cycle arrest. Blockade of autophagy relieved cell cycle arrest, whereas inhibition of AMPK activity significantly repressed the induction of both autophagy and cell cycle arrest. These observations clearly showed that parthenolide‐driven ROS activated AMPK‐autophagy pathway. Furthermore, inhibition of either AMPK or autophagy significantly potentiated parthenolide‐induced apoptosis. Therefore, our results show that parthenolide activates both apoptosis pathway and AMPK‐autophagy survival pathway through the generation of ROS, and that suppression of AMPK or autophagy can potentially enhance the anti‐cancer effect of parthenolide on breast cancer cells. J. Cell. Biochem. 115: 1458–1466, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Female Labour Supply in A Developing Economy: A Tale from A Primary Survey
Authors: Pradhan Basanta K. , Singh Shalabh K. , Mitra Arup
Published: March 2014

The U‐shaped relationship between economic development and female work force participation rate may be explained at the household level in terms of the interaction between social factors and the income of the household. The social attitude and income are likely to be influenced by education, which augments the income on the one hand and on the other shifts women from stigmatised jobs to non‐stigmatised jobs and also reduces the adverse social response towards women participation in the labour market. The shift across sectors of employment is also motivated by education, implying positive associations between education and high productivity jobs. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Clinical symptoms and laboratory findings supporting early diagnosis of Crimean‐Congo hemorrhagic fever in Iran
Authors: Mostafavi Ehsan , Pourhossein Behzad , Chinikar Sadegh
Published: March 2014

Crimean‐Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is a zoonotic disease, which is usually transmitted to humans by tick bites or contact with blood or other infected tissues of livestock. Patients suffering from CCHF demonstrate an extensive spectrum of clinical symptoms. As it can take considerable time from suspecting the disease in hospital until reaching a definitive diagnosis in the laboratory, understanding the clinical symptoms and laboratory findings of CCHF patients is of paramount importance for clinicians. The data were collected from patients who were referred to the Laboratory of Arboviruses and Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers at the Pasteur institute of Iran with a primary diagnosis of CCHF between 1999 and 2012 and were assessed by molecular and serologic tests. Referred patients were divided into two groups: patients with a CCHF positive result and patients with a CCHF negative result. The laboratory and clinical findings of these two groups were then compared. Two‐thousand five hundred thirty‐six probable cases of CCHF were referred to the laboratory, of which 871 cases (34.3%) were confirmed to be CCHF. Contact with infected humans and animals increased the CCHF infection risk (P < 0.001). A tick bite was not a risk factor. Fever; bleeding, vomiting, leucopoenia, thrombocytopenia, and increases in alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST) levels were also indicative of CCHF infection. Accurate and speedy diagnosis of CCHF and appropriate treatment play an important role in patient survival and the application of the findings of this study can prove helpful as a key for early diagnosis. J. Med. Virol. 86:1188–1192, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Composted organic wastes from the pharmaceutical and agro‐food industries induce soil bioactivity and nodulation in alfalfa
Authors: Fornes Fernando , Jaramillo Claudia X , García‐de‐la‐Fuente Rosana , Belda Rosa M , Lidón Antonio
Published: March 2014

BACKGROUND

Environmentally friendly agriculture needs to reduce the use of synthetic fertilizers and to reclaim nutrients from organic wastes. In this study the effect of five doses (0, 12, 24, 48 and 96 t ha−1) of two two‐phase olive mill waste (TPOMW)‐based composts on the bioactivity and chemical characteristics of an agricultural soil and their potential to fertilize alfalfa (Medicago sativa) and stimulate nodulation were assessed during a two‐year incubation experiment. The two composts were prepared either with the olive mill waste alone (compost A), which served as control, or mixed with a liquid fatty‐proteinaceous hydrolyzate waste (FPH) from the pharmaceutical industry (compost AH).

RESULTS

Compost AH resulted in greater N immobilization than compost A because the former supplied the soil with easily degradable C and N, which increased microbial biomass and activity. Both compost mineralizations during the first year of incubation supplied the soil with more nutrients (mainly N), more so with A than with AH. Nevertheless, plant growth was similar in soils amended with either A or AH. Both composts induced nodulation similarly and the highest dose (96 t ha−1) increased the formation of nodules by a factor of 11 compared with the four lower doses.

CONCLUSION

TPOMW serves as an effective ground material for co‐composting with liquid wastes such as FPH. TPOMW supplies key nutrients and stimulates nodulation in alfalfa. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry
A prospective randomized comparison between pylorus‐ and subtotal stomach‐preserving pancreatoduodenectomy on postoperative delayed gastric emptying occurrence and long‐term nutritional status
Authors: Matsumoto Ippei , Shinzeki Makoto , Asari Sadaki , Goto Tadahiro , Shirakawa Sachiyo , Ajiki Tetsuo , Fukumoto Takumi , Suzuki Yasuyuki , Ku Yonson
Published: March 2014

Background and Objectives

Pylorus‐preserving pancreatoduodenectomy (PPPD) has been associated with a high incidence of delayed gastric emptying (DGE). There are few studies comparing DGE associated with PPPD and subtotal stomach‐preserving pancreatoduodenectomy (SSPPD). Moreover, differences between the procedures with respect to long‐term results have not been reported. A prospective randomized study was conducted to compare perioperative complications and long‐term nutritional status with PPPD and SSPPD.

Methods

One hundred patients with periampullary lesions were randomized to receive either PPPD (n = 50) or SSPPD (n = 50). All patients were followed up for 3 years after surgery or to the time of recurrence to evaluate nutritional status for the study. The effects of the procedure, age, and malignancy on changes in nutritional indicators were estimated with linear mixed models. This study was registered at UMIN Clinical Trials Registry (UMIN 000012337).

Results

The incidence of DGE assessed by the International Study Group of Pancreatic Surgery was 20% with PPPD and 12% with SSPPD (P = 0.414). There were no significant differences between the two procedures on postoperative serum albumin levels, serum total cholesterol levels, and body mass index during the 3‐year follow‐up period.

Conclusions

SSPPD is equally effective in DGE occurrence rate and long‐term nutritional status comparing to PPPD. J. Surg. Oncol 2014; 109:690–696. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
pH‐assisted homogeneous liquid–liquid microextraction using dialkylphosphoric acid as an extraction solvent for the determination of chlorophenols in water samples
Authors: Çabuk Hasan , Köktürk Mustafa , Ata Şevket
Published: March 2014

In this study, a new pH‐assisted homogeneous liquid–liquid microextraction combined with HPLC with UV detection was developed for the determination of chlorophenols in water samples. In this approach, bis(2‐ethylhexyl) phosphate was used for the first time as the low‐density extraction solvent. In particular, 60 μL of bis(2‐ethylhexyl) phosphate was injected into the sample solution (5 mL) and dissolved completely in the sample solution while the pH was increased to 9. Afterwards, the pH of the sample solution was lowered to 1, and a cloudy solution was formed. At this stage, hydrophobic interactions between the analytes and the long double hydrocarbon chains of extraction solvent were expected to be the main forces driving extraction. A series of parameters that influence extraction were investigated systematically. Under the optimized conditions, the LODs and LOQs for the chlorophenols were 1.4–2.7 and 4.7–9.1 ng/mL, respectively. RSDs based on five replicate extraction of 100 ng/mL of each chlorophenols were <4.7% for intraday and 7.4% for interday precision. This method has been also successfully applied to analyze real water samples at two different spiked concentrations, and satisfactory recoveries were achieved.
Simulation of piston ring tribology with surface texturing for internal combustion engines
Authors: Zavos Anastasios B. , Nikolakopoulos Pantelis G.
Published: March 2014

Design of piston rings is a very crucial subject in the field of internal combustion engines. In the present paper, a numerical model is created using the Navier–Stokes equations. Fluid–structure interaction analysis is performed in order to calculate the structural integrity of the ring for several engine operational conditions and texturing patterns. This paper illustrates the hydrodynamic friction force under various surface artificial texturing in terms of spherical and rectangular microdimples. Piston ring stress analysis is also investigated due to gas leakage. Results show a substantial reduction of the friction using rectangular texturing and less reduction using spherical texturing. The rectangular microdimple parameters were considered to obtain a better friction reduction with the following configurations: Hd = 4 µm, ρτ = 0.61, λ = 20 and s = 0.004. Each rectangular texture cell is defined by the dimple depth, Hd; the texture density, ρτ; the dimple aspect ratio, λ; and the relative dimple depth, s. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis and Optoelectronic Properties of Novel Polyamides with 2‐Naphthyldiphenylamine Units
Authors: Hsiao Sheng‐Huei , Yeh Su‐Jung
Published: March 2014

A new series of electroactive polyamides is synthesized from N,N′‐bis(4‐aminophenyl)‐N,N′‐di‐2‐naphthyl‐1,4‐phenylenediamine (2) with four dicarboxylic acids via the phosphorylation polyamidation technique. These polyamides are amorphous with good solubility in many organic solvents and can be solution‐cast into flexible and strong films. They exhibit moderately high thermal stability with glass‐transition temperatures in the range of 247–289 °C. The polyamide 4a derived from a cycloaliphatic dicarboxylic acid reveals stronger fluorescence emission than those derived from aromatic ones, and it also shows a marked solvent effect on the fluorescence profile. All the electroactive polymer films show reversible electrochemical oxidation accompanied by strong color changes from the colorless neutral state to yellowish–green and blue oxidized states.

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Cyclic Amphiphilic Random Copolymers Bearing Azobenzene Side Chains: Facile Synthesis and Topological Effects on Self‐Assembly and Photoisomerization
Authors: Cai Ye , Lu Jinjie , Zhou Feng , Zhou Xiaoji , Zhou Nianchen , Zhang Zhengbiao , Zhu Xiulin
Published: March 2014

In this article, well‐defined cyclic amphiphilic random copolymers bearing azobenzene side chains and pendent carboxyl moieties, cyclic‐P(BHMEm‐co‐AAn)s, are synthesized by combining atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) with Cu(I)‐catalyzed azide/alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) “click” reaction and selective hydrolysis of tert‐butyl ester. Successful synthesis of the cyclic‐P(BHMEm‐co‐AAn)s is fully characterized and verified via conventional gel permeation chromatography, triple detection gel permeation chromatography, nuclear magnetic resonance, Fourier transform infrared, and matrix‐assisted laser desorption ionization–time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry. The cyclic topology induces profound effects on the glass transition temperatures, self‐assembly behavior, and photoresponsive performance of the copolymers compared with their linear counterparts.

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