bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Perioperative Intravenous Esketamine Infusion for Cesarean Section Pain Relief: A Prospective Randomized Controlled Study
Authors: Ma Siqi , Guo Hao , Ran Xiaoyan , Pan Xuelian , Luo Xinjun , Xiao Yun , Xue Rui , Ran Ran
Published: March 2024

Purpose: To investigate the safety and efficacy of esketamine combined with butorphanol for postoperative analgesia after cesarean section.
Methods: 160 parturients who underwent cesarean section were randomly divided into two groups: Group S received intraoperative esketaimine infusion with 0.15mg/kg/h and postoperative 0.2mg/kg butorphanol+ 2mg/kg esketaimine for patient-controlled intravenous analgesia (PCIA). Group C received the same volume of 5% glucose infusion and postoperative butorphanol 0.2mg/kg for PCIA. The primary outcome was postoperative analgesic effectiveness as reflected by the number of analgesic pumps pressed during 24h postoperative period by patients. The secondary outcomes included the VAS scores of postoperative pain, Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) scores, neonatal Apgar scores, the time to first get out of bed, the gut functional recovery time, the rescue analgesic treatments, and adverse effects.
Results: There was no statistical difference in analgesic effectiveness during the 24h postoperative period (P>0.05). Both the number of analgesic pump presses and VAS scores during the postoperative period were not significantly different between the two groups (P＞0.05). The EPDS scores of Group S at postoperative 8h, 24h, 96h, and one week were lower than in the C group (P<0.05). The incidence of dizziness was higher in Group S (P<0.05).
Conclusion: Supplement of esketamine during the perioperative period can not improve postoperative analgesia after cesarean section, and increases the incidence of adverse effects.
Trial registration: The trial was registered with Chinese Clinical Trial website (www.chictr.org.cn/index.aspx ChiCTR2100054435) on December 27, 2021 (27/12/2021).
A Study of UHMWPE-MMT Composite on Mechanical and Biocompatibility Properties
Authors: Hasan Rania , Pande Sarang , Bhalerao Pravin , Sinha Devendra Kumar
Published: March 2024

Due to the exceptional biomedical properties of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE), it is used in various biomedical applications including orthopedic applications. Montmorillonite (MMT) as a reinforcement material is excellent to be used in biomedical applications. The purpose of this study is to justify the use of UHMWPE composite as a material for liners in total hip anisotropy (THA). UHMWPE/MMT nanocomposites with different percentages including 1, 3, 5,7, and 10% have been fabricated by two-roll milling and compression molding techniques. The prepared nanocomposite specimens have been characterized using XRD and SEM. The investigations revealed that the hardness, abrasion resistance, Izod energy absorption, compressive modulus, and ultimate compressive strength experienced a notable improvement, with different percentages of nano-clay reinforcement. This experimentation is helpful in predicting the optimal amount of nano-clay with UHMWPE. The mechanical properties enhancement at the optimal percentage of MMT has been found influenced by the dispersion of the nano-clay in the matrix. Additionally, biocompatibility testing in MTT assay with UHMWPE/MMT composite at the optimal composition, exhibited the highest cell growth after 24 h and 96 h incubation. It is concluded that the UHMWPE/5%MMT displayed better biocompatibility and enhanced mechanical properties making attractive candidate for artificial joints.
Optimization of thorium solvent extraction process from feed solution with Cyanex 272 by surface response methodology (RSM)
Authors: Khanramaki Fereshte , Keshtkar Ali Reza
Published: March 2024

Due to the limited reserves of uranium, the abundance of thorium compared to it and other advantages, the development of the thorium fuel cycle is of interest in different countries. The optimization of thorium extraction from a feed solution produced by Saghand ore with Cyanex 272 on a laboratory scale was evaluated by response surface method. The operating variables include Cyanex 272 concentration of 0.001 to 0.2 mol/L, pH of 0 to 2, equilibrium time of 5 to 60 min and aqueous to organic phase ratio of 0.5 to 2.5 were conducted. The results of the variance analysis of the fitted model revealed F = 35.35 and R2 = 0.9695. Based on the results, it can be said that the validated model shows an error of less than 4%. Therefore, the model is in good agreement with the experimental results. It can be said that there are significant interactions between operational parameters, which vindicate different feedbacks of the system in different operational conditions. The results showed that the 4 mol/L sulfuric acid was a suitable agent for recovering thorium ions from the loaded organic phase. In optimum conditions, the thorium purity percentage and thorium stripping efficiency were obtained 99.17 and 94.12%, respectively.
SETD2 regulates SLC family transporter-mediated sodium and glucose reabsorptions in renal tubule
Authors: Mitome Taku , Wakui Hiromichi , Azushima Kengo , Uehara Tatsuki , Jikuya Ryosuke , Ohtake Shinji , Noguchi Go , Kawaura Sachi , Iribe Yasuhiro , Aomori Kota , Tatenuma Tomoyuki , Ito Hiroki , Kawahara Takashi , Komeya Mitsuru , Ito Yusuke , Muraoka Kentaro , Furuya Mitsuko , Kato Ikuma , Fujii Satoshi , Nagahama Kiyotaka , Nishiyama Akira , Tamura Tomohiko , Kimura Yayoi , Kawagoe Tatsukata , Mizuki Nobuhisa , Huang Gang , Uemura Hiroji , Yao Masahiro , Makiyama Kazuhide , Tamura Kouichi , Hasumi Hisashi
Published: March 2024

A regulatory mechanism for SLC family transporters, critical transporters for sodium and glucose reabsorptions in renal tubule, is incompletely understood. Here, we report an important regulation of SLC family transporter by SETD2, a chromatin remodeling gene whose alterations have been found in a subset of kidney cancers. Kidney-specific inactivation of Setd2 resulted in hypovolemia with excessive urine excretion in mouse and interestingly, RNA-sequencing analysis of Setd2-deficient murine kidney exhibited decreased expressions of SLC family transporters, critical transporters for sodium and glucose reabsorptions in renal tubule. Importantly, inactivation of Setd2 in murine kidney displayed attenuated dapagliflozin-induced diuresis and glucose excretion, further supporting that SETD2 might regulate SLC family transporter-mediated sodium and glucose reabsorptions in renal tubule. These data uncover an important regulation of SLC family transporter by SETD2, which may illuminate a crosstalk between metabolism and epigenome in renal tubule.
Post-pandemic patient safety: Have the characteristics of incidents with harm changed? Comparative observational study in primary care via review of medical records with a trigger tool
Authors: González Gerardo Garzón , Safont Tamara Alonso , Arroyo Oscar Aguado , Sanz Cristina Villanueva , Gayán Arancha Luaces , Fraile Esther Zamarrón , Balbuena Juan José Jurado , Herrera Inmaculada Mediavilla , "TriggerPrim®" Research Team
Published: March 2024

Background.
The COVID-19 pandemic generated or accelerated healthcare changes, some of which persist thereafter (e.g., healthcare reorganisation, remote consultation). Such changes entail novel risks for patient safety.
Methods.
Aim. To compare the characteristics of patient safety incidents with harm (PSIH) in primary care before the pandemic and at present.
Design and setting. Cross-sectional, comparative, observational study conducted within the entire Primary Care Service of the Madrid region with observations at two time points (2018 and 2021/2022).
Participants. Patients >18 years of age with at least one consultation in the previous year. The necessary sample size was established at N1=2,000 for the first time point and N2=2,700 for the second. Sampling was performed by simple randomisation for the first group and by clusters followed by simple randomisation for the second.
Main measurements. Age, gender, presence of PSIH in the medical record, and characteristics of the PSIH, specifically avoidability, severity, place of occurrence, nature, and contributory factors. Triggers validated in primary care were employed to screen the patients’ medical records and those containing any trigger were reviewed by three nurse-physician teams who underwent previous training.
Analysis. Comparative analysis using Fisher’s exact test.
Results.
A total of 63 PSIHs and 25 PSIHs were found for the first and second samples, respectively. The comparison of the characteristics of PSIH before the pandemic and currently was: avoidable 62% vs. 52% (p=0.47), mild 51% vs. 48% (p=0.57), in the primary care setting 73% vs. 64% (p=0.47), respectively. Although no statistically significant differences were observed globally in the nature of the incidents (p=0.13), statistically significant differences were found for diagnostic errors, with pre-pandemic rates of 6% vs. 20% at present (p<0.05). Finally, no significant differences were found in the contributory factors.
Conclusions.
No differences were found in the avoidability, severity, place of occurrence, or contributory factors of PSIHs before the pandemic and currently. In terms of the nature of these incidents, the outcomes revealed an increase in diagnostic errors (excluding diagnostic tests), which could be attributed to a greater frequency of remote consultations and a decrease in the longitudinality of care resulting from the shortage of professionals.
Gypenoside Inhibits Gastric Cancer Proliferation by Suppressing Glycolysis via the Hippo Pathway
Authors: Pan Li , Lan Bingxue , Li Shoumin , Jin Yong , Cui Miaomiao , Xia Ying , Wei Sixi , Huang Hai
Published: March 2024

Gastric cancer (GC) remains a global disease with a high mortality rate, the lack of effective treatments and the high toxicity of side effects are primary causes for its poor prognosis. Hence, urgent efforts are needed to find safe and effective therapeutic strategies. Gypenoside (Gyp) is a widely used natural product that regulates blood glucose to improve disease progression with few toxic side effects. Given the crucial role of abnormal glycometabolism in driving tumor malignancy, it is important to explore the association between Gyp and glycometabolism in GC and understand the mechanism of action by which Gyp influences glycometabolism. In this study, we demonstrated that Gyp suppresses GC proliferation and migration both in vitro and in vivo. We identified that Gyp suppresses the malignant progression of GC by inhibiting glycolysis using network pharmacology and metabolomics. Transcriptome analysis revealed that the Hippo pathway is a key regulator of glycolysis by Gyp in GC. Furthermore, Gyp induced upregulation of LATS1/2 proteins, leading to increased YAP phosphorylation and decreased TAZ protein expression. The YAP agonist XMU-MP-1 rescued the inhibitory effect of Gyp on GC proliferation by reversing glycolysis. These findings confirmed that Gyp inhibits GC proliferation by targeting glycolysis through the Hippo pathway. Our study examined the role of Gyp in the malignant progression of GC, explored its therapeutic prospects, elucidated a mechanism by which Gyp suppresses GC proliferation through interference with the glycolytic process, thus providing a potential novel therapeutic strategy for GC patients.
Tn-seq profiling reveals that NodS of the beta-rhizobium Paraburkholderia phymatum is detrimental for nodulating soybean
Authors: Pessi Gabriella , Bellés-Sancho Paula , Golaz Daphné , Paszti Sarah , Vitale Alessandra , Liu Yilei , Bailly Aurelien , Eberl Leo , James Euan
Published: March 2024

The beta-rhizobial strain Paraburkholderia phymatum STM815T is noteworthy for its wide host range in nodulating legumes, primarily mimosoids (over 50 different species) but also some papilionoids. It cannot, however, nodulate soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merr.), one of the world’s most important crops. Here, we constructed a highly saturated genome-wide transposon library of a P. phymatum strain and employed a transposon sequencing (Tn-seq) approach to investigate the underlying genetic mechanisms of symbiotic incompatibility between P. phymatum and soybean. Soybean seedlings inoculated with the P. phymatum Tn-seq library displayed nodules on the roots that were mainly occupied by different mutants in a gene, nodS, coding for a methyltransferase involved in the biosynthesis of nodulation factors. The construction of a nodS deletion strain and a complemented mutant confirmed that nodS is responsible for the nodulation-incompatibility of P. phymatum with soybean. Moreover, infection tests with different host plants revealed that NodS is necessary for optimal nodulation of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris), but it is not required for nodulation of its natural host Mimosa pudica. In conclusion, our results suggest that NodS is involved in determining nodulation specificity of P. phymatum.
Unlocking the genomic potential of Red Sea coral probiotics
Authors: Raimundo Inês , Rosado Phillipe M. , Barno Adam , Antony Chakkiath , Peixoto Raquel
Published: March 2024

The application of beneficial microorganisms for corals (BMC), both in vivo and in situ, decreases the bleaching susceptibility and mortality rate of corals. BMC selection is typically performed via molecular and biochemical assays, followed by genomic screening for BMC traits. Herein, we present an improved and updated in silico framework for a set of six putative BMC strains. We extracted high-quality DNA from coral samples collected from the Red Sea and performed PacBio sequencing. We identified BMC traits and mechanisms associated with each strain as well as proposed new traits and mechanisms, such as chemotaxis and the presence of phages and bioactive secondary metabolites. The presence of prophages in four of the six studied BMC strains suggests their widespread distribution within beneficial bacteria. This newly indicates the importance of prophages in BMCs as they can expand the bacterial metabolic potential and offer a competitive advantage against pathogens. We also detected various secondary metabolites, such as terpenes, ectoines, lanthipeptides, and lasso peptides. These metabolites possess antimicrobial, antifungal, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant activities and play key roles in coral health by reducing the effects of heat stress, high salinity, reactive oxygen species, and radiation. Corals are currently facing unprecedented challenges, and our revised framework can help select more efficient BMC for use in studies on coral microbiome rehabilitation, coral resilience, and coral restoration.
Density of Limnoperna fortunei larval stages in a cascade of subtropical reservoirs: spatiotemporal variation and environmental influences
Authors: Lopes M. N. , Pinheiro-Silva L. , Ribolli J. , Ávila-Simas S. , Lopes C. A. , Cardoso G. F.M. , Guereschi R. M. , Kavaguichi-Leite N. , Petrucio M. M. , Nuñer A. P.O.
Published: March 2024

The golden mussel (Limnoperna fortunei) is an invasive bivalve that has established itself in several South American river systems, impacting ecosystem functioning. Reservoir cascades provide their larvae with the means of rapid dispersal, but the relationship between environmental variables and larval stage structure remains unclear. In this study, the density of four L. fortunei larval stages was assessed in a cascade of five reservoirs in the upper Uruguay River Basin and associated with spatiotemporal variation in environmental parameters. Larval density increases were more related to fluctuating environmental parameters than to the expected effect of a cascade system, as the highest larval densities did not occur in the downstream reservoirs. Smaller D-shaped larvae predominated, suggesting that larger umbonated larvae either attempted to settle on the substrate (prior to metamorphosis to pediveligers) or were naturally preyed upon. The relationships between environmental parameters were evaluated using a multivariate model. Water temperature and dissolved oxygen had a significant effect on larval density but did not respond to density variations independently. However, during winter, larval density decreased significantly. Other variables also contribute to species activity and survival in the upper Uruguay River Basin reservoirs and may be considered limiting factors. The interaction between basin area and rainfall strongly influenced the increase in larval density because runoff enriched the reservoirs with nutrients essential for the leading development of larval phases. Our findings provide insights on larval development in golden mussels, which can be used as a tool to manage further dispersal of this invasive species.
Pneumonia activates renal antioxidant defense function to reduce the damage of aristolochic acid I through Keap1/Nrf2/NQO1 signaling pathway
Authors: Wang Yinkang , Li Chengxian , Qin Shuanglin , Wang Xianling , Li Xinyu , Wang Jiabo , Niu Ming , Bai Zhaofang , Xiao Xiao He
Published: March 2024

Aristolochic acids (AAs) are a group of compounds widely found in Aristolochiaceae, and the main toxic component of AAs is aristolochic acid I (AAI). AAI causes severe direct nephrotoxicity and carcinogenicity. Plants containing AAI are widely used around the world; for example, Asari Radix et Rhizoma (ARR) contains trace amounts of aristolochic acid and is still included in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia. Based on the theory of therapy for syndrome differentiation in traditional Chinese medicine, we established a 7-day mouse model of pneumonia and observed that kidney damage in the pneumonia group was significantly lower than that in the healthy group after the same treatment. Subsequently, the carcinogenic metabolite aristolochic acid-DNA adduct standards were synthesized, and assays were established. No adduct formation was detected in our limit of quantification (500 pg/ml) in the ARR group, while the adduct formation in the Caulis Aristolochiae Manshuriensis (CAM) group, whose content of AAI is 900 times that of the ARR, was significantly lower than that in the healthy group in the pneumonia state. Here, we demonstrate that the safety risk of ARR is not high at normal doses. Western blot analysis revealed that the level of the AAI metabolic enzyme NQO1 in the pneumonia group was significantly lower than that in the healthy group. Combined with the transcriptomic results, we speculate that kidney injury and adduct production in the pneumonia group were lower than those in the healthy group because of the ROS-Keap1-Nrf2-NQO1 pathway.
Synthesis, crystal structure, and properties of a Zn(II) coordination polymer from a new semirigid tripodal nitrogen-containing heterotopic ligand
Authors: Zhou Bing-Xun , Lin Xian , Xie Hui-Qi , Wu Lianghua , Zhang Chu-Hong , Song Hai-Yan , Fan Jun , Zheng Sheng-Run
Published: March 2024

A new coordination polymer, namely, {[Zn(DTPP)(H2O)2]·H2O}n (H2DTPP = 3-(3,5-di(2H-tetrazol-5-yl)phenoxy)pyridine, compound 1), was successfully assembled by using a new semirigid tripodal nitrogen-containing heterotopic ligand and characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, elemental analysis, infrared spectroscopy, TG, and luminescence. X-ray single-crystal diffraction analysis revealed that compound 1 crystallizes in an orthorhombic crystal system with space groups of Ibca. It is a 2D coordination network with (4·82) topology, and the 2D networks are further connected by hydrogen bonds between coordinated water molecules and tetrzolyl N atoms to form a 3D supramolecular framework. Moreover, compound 1 exhibits intense blue emission centered at 345 nm upon excitation at 276 nm and has the ability to sense Fe3+ via photoluminescence quenching.
Impact of Southern Annular Mode on the variability of Heavy Rainfall Events over Kerala during August.
Authors: Ravi Sreevidya , P.P SREEKALA
Published: March 2024

Kerala has witnessed a surge in heavy rainfall events (HRE) during August in recent years. This study examines the influence of ocean-atmospheric conditions in the Southern Hemisphere on the variability of HRE in Kerala during August. The study finds that the changing ocean-atmospheric conditions in the South Indian Ocean such as uneven sea surface temperature (SST) trends (warming near Madagascar Island and cooling to the south of Madagascar Island, north-south SST gradient), weakening of the Mascarene High, strengthening of the Australian High and associated circulation changes significantly impact the recent trend in HRE over Kerala. A significant negative correlation exists between the April Southern Annular Mode (SAM) index and August HRE. Negative April SAM induces warm SST in the southwest Pacific Ocean (SWPO SST), which persist until August. April SWPO SST is positively associated with the north-south SST gradient in the southwest Indian Ocean in August. The intensification of cyclonic circulation over the southwest Indian Ocean and anticyclonic circulation over the southeast Indian Ocean may be the atmospheric response to April SAM, facilitated through SWPO SST. This cyclonic circulation over the southwest Indian Ocean may enhance divergent winds from the cool eastern Indian Ocean, and increase the moisture transport from the central equatorial Indian Ocean to the Kerala region and causes HRE over Kerala. A positive correlation between April SWPO SST and enhanced regional Hadley circulation over Kerala in August emphasizes this hypothesis. Therefore, negative SAM and warming in the SWPO in April can be considered as precursory factors for HRE occurrence over Kerala in August.
Preparation of insulating firebricks using date seeds
Authors: Abadir Magdy , Eldesoki Hosam Moselhy , Ibrahim Osama Abdel Bary , Sakka Nada Ragab El
Published: March 2024

Background
The use of combustible vegetable waste in the manufacture of refractory insulating firebricks has a double advantage: Making use of vegetable waste and decreasing the production cost of bricks.
Results
Ground date seeds were added to kaolin and grog at different ratios and their blend was mixed with water. The wet mixtures were shaped in steel molds, dried overnight at 90oC, and fired at 1200oC for two hours. The physical and mechanical properties of the fired bricks were determined and found to be incompatible with standard values. Small amounts of polystyrene beads and perlite were then added to decrease the bulk density and increase the crushing strength. A mixture composed of 6% date seed, 72.5% kaolin, 17.5% grog, 2.5% perlite and 1.5% polystyrene produced bricks that abided by Indian Standards 2042 requirements regarding their bulk density, porosity, crushing strength, percent linear change on reheat and thermal conductivity at 600oC.
Conclusions
Date seeds have been successfully used as pore generating material in the preparation of Class B insulating firebricks, in a mixture with kaolin, grog and small amounts of polystyrene and perlite.
Prevalence and associated factors of human caliciviruses infection among patients with gastroenteritis in the Amhara National Regional State, Ethiopia
Authors: Tegegne Dessie , Gelaw Aschalew , Zerefaw Girma , Ferede Getachew , Gelaw Baye
Published: March 2024

Background: Human caliciviruses are the leading cause of gastroenteritis among all age groups worldwide, with an increased burden in developing countries. As there is no surveillance, epidemiological data is limited in Ethiopia. Hence, this study aimed to investigate the prevalence and associated factors of human caliciviruses among patients with gastroenteritis in the Amhara National Regional State, Ethiopia.
Methods: Prospective cross-sectional study was conducted from May 2021 to November 2021. A total of 550 study participants with symptoms of gastroenteritis were proportionately assigned to the four study areas. Convenient sampling was used to select the health facilities while study participants were systematically sampled. A fecal sample was collected and analyzed with a one-step real-time RT-PCR. Sociodemographic and other variables were gathered using a pre-tested questionnaire and analyzed by SPSS version 23. A descriptive analysis was performed. Logistic Regressions with adjusted odds ratio (AOR) at the 95%CI were used to assess factors associated with NoV infection.
Results: 519 out of 550 samples were analyzed (94.4% response rate). The overall prevalence of norovirus (NoV) was 8.9% (46/519). The positivity rates were higher among the elderly (33.3%) and under-5 children (12.5%). Both genogroup I and genogroup II (GII) were identified, with GII being the predominant, 82.6% (38/46). All participants experienced diarrhea, but only 20% reported a history of vomiting. Norovirus infection was more prevalent among respondents from Debre Tabor (AOR = 3.8, 95%CI (1.1-13)) and Bahir Dar areas (AOR = 3.5, 95%CI (1.03-12)). Additionally, older adults (AOR; 7, 95% CI (1.9-27)) and under 5 children (AOR = 3.4, 95%CI (2.7-13)) were disproportionately affected compared to adults. The previous history of gastroenteritis (AOR = 3.4, 95% (CI1.4-8)) was a significant factor contributing to NoV infections. Besides, individuals with a high frequency of diarrhea (AOR = 16.3, 95%CI 6.6-40), and vomiting (AOR = 3.2, 95%CI 1.5-7) were more likely infected.
Conclusions: The prevalence of NoV was considerably high with the predominance of NoV-GII. The positivity rate was higher among the extreme age groups and varied across the study areas. To obtain a comprehensive understanding of the virus`s epidemiology and its genetic diversity further research is warranted.
Based on 6G, Fog Radio Access Network Behaviour Analysis
Authors: Abdelnaby Eman , Abd-Alaaty Heba , Nashat Mona , abd-elazim Mohamed
Published: March 2024

The introduction of a new generation of cellular networks each decade necessitates the development of new architectural designs. A novel paradigm called fog communication has been put out to make use of the throughput and latency advantages of edge computing. We propose architecture for new generation 6G with the aid of fog computing and mathematical model research to evaluate the effectiveness of such ideas. In particular, the performance of 6G Radio Access Nework in terms of, power consumption (PC), energy efficiency (EE), and delay with fog architecture is evaluated in comparison to that of previous generation 5G. Fog Radio Access Networks (F-RANs) have been shown in the literature to offer improved latency performance, but use a lot of power, reducing their EE in contrast to their regular cloud equivalents.
This paper demonstrates another perspective or new term (fully photonics) or introducing photonics component to the network. However, the quantity of deployed fog devices detremines the degree of degradation, which have an immediate impact on the PC.The entrance of full photonics will elliminate this degradation and will improve the network performance In all of the aforementioned aspects.This study demonstrates adding a fog architecture and optics component and studying the network behaviour from three perspectives: time delay, EE, and PC.
Monoclinic distortion and magnetic transitions in FeO under pressure and temperature
Authors: Li Xiang , Bykova Elena , Vasiukov Denis , Aprilis Georgios , Chariton Stella , Cerantola Valerio , Bykov Maxim , Müller Susanne , Pakhomova Anna , Akbar Fariia , Mukhina Elena , Kantor Innokenty , Glazyrin Konstantin , Comboni Davide , Chumakov Aleksandr , McCammon Catherine , Dubrovinsky Leonid , Sanchez-Valle Carmen , Kupenko Ilya
Published: March 2024

Fe1-xO, although chemically simple, possesses a complex structural and magnetic phase diagram. The crystal structures of Fe1-xO and its magnetic properties at high-pressure and high-temperature conditions are still a matter of debate. In this work, we performed a systematic investigation on Fe0.94O up to 94 GPa and 1700 K using synchrotron X-ray diffraction and synchrotron Mössbauer source spectroscopy. We observe a transition of Fe1-xO to the monoclinic phases above 40 GPa and at high temperatures and use the group theory analysis of the observed phases to discuss their properties and their relation to the ambient pressure phases. The Mössbauer spectra of the rhombohedral (rB1) and the room temperature monoclinic C2/m phase (mC4) contain a component attributed to Fe2.5+, which is caused by the electron exchange between the Fe3+ defect and neighboring Fe2+ atoms. Our results present a clear structural and magnetic transitional pressure-temperature diagram of Fe1-xO and show the complex physicochemical properties of simple Fe1-xO binary oxide under extreme conditions.
The combination of transcriptome and Mendelian randomization reveals clinical and immuno-functional biomarkers of alternative splicing regulation associated with planar cell polarity signaling pathways in pan-cancer
Authors: Li Haojun , Xu Jian , Li Qinlan , Xu Guoqiang , Liang Yanjun , Shen Junxin , Zeng Ziran , Zhou Xiaorong , Zhu Xiao , Wei Yong
Published: March 2024

Background
The intricate interplay between alternative splicing (AS) events and the planar cell polarity (PCP) signaling pathway is known to play a crucial role in cancer initiation and progression. Understanding the prognostic implications and immunological features of PCP-related AS events can unveil novel biological markers and potential targets for immunotherapy.
Methods
We sourced genes associated with the PCP signaling pathway from diverse databases and extracted RNA-seq, clinical records, and AS profiles from TCGA and TCGA SpliceSeq databases. Employing the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO), we identified prognostically significant AS events and developed risk scoring models and nomograms. Immune distinctions within risk subgroups were assessed using the ESTIMATE algorithm, CIBERSORT analysis, and single-sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA). Furthermore, we analyzed selected differentially expressed AS genes for their relevance to prognosis and immunity. A regulatory network connecting AS and splicing factors (SFs) was delineated using Cytoscape. Mendelian randomization (MR) and Bayesian weighted MR (BWMR) were employed to validate causal links among AS genes identified in multivariable Cox regression analysis.
Results
Analysis of 115 AS events across 9812 pan-cancer-related genes revealed 80 AS events significantly associated with prognosis. A risk score model based on 12 carefully selected AS events effectively predicted overall survival (OS) in tumor patients and correlated with clinical parameters. The risk score also showed associations with the tumor microenvironment, immune cell infiltration, and immune checkpoint genes. Notably, PRICKLE3, PSMA4, and AP2S1 AS genes were identified as influential in immune characteristics and prognosis across various cancers. A correlation network between AS events and SF genes provided insights into potential biomarkers. MR analysis identified NPHP3 and UBA52 as protective factors against cancer occurrence.
Conclusion
This study elucidates the role of AS events in cancer prognosis and tumor immunology, providing risk-scoring models and nomogram prognostic tools for the PCP signaling pathway in pan-cancer patients. Furthermore, the causal relationship between PCP-related AS genes and cancer was confirmed using genetic approaches, underscoring the potential for targeted therapeutic interventions.
Clinical study on the treatment of mild-to-moderate Cervical Spondylotic Radiculopathy by Supine Pulling Manipulation (SPM): study protocol of a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Zhang Dihui , Meng Licui , Liao Shaojun , Lin Yongpeng , Lin Guandai , Su Guoyi , Li Yongjin , Chen Bolai , Lin Dingkun
Published: March 2024

Background:Cervical spondylotic radiculopathy is a common clinical disease that often presents with neck pain and upper extremity pain. Manipulation has been widely used to treat cervical spondylotic radiculopathy. However,high-quality clinical evidence supporting the efficacy of manipulative therapy remains limited.
Methods: A single-centre, participant self-assessment,double-blinded, randomised, wait-controlled trial will be conducted. A total of 66 participants in cervical spondylotic radiculopathy will be recruited from Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine and randomly assigned to the intervention group or the wait-list group.The intervention group will receive treatment three times a week for 3 weeks,while the wait-list group will enter a 3-week waiting period without any treatment and at the end of the waiting period will be given the same treatment as the intervention group. The use of the Visual Analogue Scale, Neck Disability Index and participant Specific Functional Scaleas outcome measures will be performed at baseline, 1, 2 and 3 weeks. Adverse events during the study period will also be recorded.
Discussion:This is a practical clinical trial to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Supine Pulling Manipulation in participants with cervical spondylotic radiculopathy.The results of this study will provide a valuable clinical basis for manipulation treatment of cervical spondylotic radiculopathy.
Ethics and Dissemination: This study has been approved by the Ethics Committee of Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine (ECGPHCM).Whether the result is positive or negative, we will publish it in a peer-reviewed journal as well as public, academic presentations at national and international conferences.
Trial Registration:China Registered Cinical Trial Registration Center ChiCTR2200065140.Registered on 29 October 2022.
Quercetin enhances decidualization through AKT-ERK-p53 signaling and supports a role for senescence in endometriosis
Authors: Delenko Julia , Xue Xiangying , Chatterjee Prodyot K , Hyman Nathaniel , Shih Andrew J , Adelson Robert P , Tepes Polona Safaric , Gregersen Peter K , Metz Christine N
Published: March 2024

Background
Patients with endometriosis suffer with chronic pelvic pain and infertility, and from the lack of pharmacologic therapies that consistently halt disease progression. Differences in the endometrium of patients with endometriosis vs. unaffected controls are well-documented. Specifically, shed endometrial tissues (delivered to the pelvic cavity via retrograde menstruation) reveal that a subset of stromal cells exhibiting pro-inflammatory, pro-fibrotic, and pro-senescence-like phenotypes is enhanced in endometriosis patients compared to controls. Additionally, cultured biopsy-derived endometrial stromal cells from endometriosis patients exhibit impaired decidualization, a defined differentiation process required for human embryo implantation and pregnancy. Quercetin, a senolytic agent, shows therapeutic potential for pulmonary fibrosis, a disorder attributed to senescent pulmonary fibroblasts. In rodent models of endometriosis, quercetin shows promise, and quercetin improves decidualization in vitro. However, the exact mechanisms are not completely understood. Therefore, we investigated the effects of quercetin on menstrual effluent-derived endometrial stromal cells from endometriosis patients and unaffected controls to define the signaling pathways underlying quercetin’s effects on endometrial stromal cells.
Methods
Menstrual effluent-derived endometrial stromal cells were collected and cultured from unaffected controls and endometriosis patients and then, low passage cells were treated with quercetin (25 µM) under basal or standard decidualization conditions. Decidualization responses were analyzed by measuring the production of IGFBP1 and PRL. Also, the effects of quercetin on intracellular cAMP levels and cellular oxidative stress responses were measured. Phosphokinase arrays, western blotting, and flow cytometry methods were performed to define the effects of quercetin on various signaling pathways and the potential mechanistic roles of quercetin.
Results
Quercetin significantly promotes decidualization of control- and endometriosis-endometrial stromal cells. Quercetin substantially reduces the phosphorylation of multiple signaling molecules in the AKT and ERK1/2 pathways, while enhancing the phosphorylation of p53 and total p53 levels. Furthermore, p53 inhibition blocks decidualization while p53 activation promotes decidualization. Finally, we provide evidence that quercetin increases apoptosis of endometrial stromal cells with a senescent-like phenotype.
Conclusions
These data provide insight into the mechanisms of action of quercetin on endometrial stromal cells and warrant future clinical trials to test quercetin and other senolytics for treating endometriosis.
Deficiency of IL-20 receptor subunit A decreases enterovirus A71 lethality of mice with enhanced M1 macrophage polarization and cytokine
Authors: Chen Shun-Hua , Hung Cheng-Huei , Hsiao Yi-Ling , Tsai Yi-Ping , Chang Ming-Shi , Liu Ching-Chuan , Wang Li-Chiu , Wang Shih-Min
Published: March 2024

Enterovirus A71 (EV-A71) can cause fatality in patients with increases of cytokines, IL-10, IL-12, and IFN-γ, which are mutually regulated. IFN-γ is induced and protects the host from EV-A71 in a murine infection model. IFN-γ and IL-10 promote the polarization of M1 and M2 macrophages, which produce IL-12 and IL-10, respectively. IL-10 suppresses IL-12, which enhances itself and IFN-γ. The IL-10 family cytokines, IL-19, IL-20, and IL-24, which signal through the two-subunit receptor complex with IL-20RA as one subunit, are therefore designated as IL-20RA cytokines. Previous in vitro T cell studies showed that IL-19 or IL-20 treatment suppresses IFN-γ and that IL-19 treatment enhances IL-10. In the present study of human plasma, IL-19 was detected in healthy controls, and EV-A71 infection increased IL-19 in patients. In the serum of mice, IL-20RA cytokines, but not IL-10, IL-12, and IFN-γ, were detected in mock-infected mice, and EV-A71 infection enhanced IL-19. Compared to wild-type mice, IL-20RA knockout mice were resistant to infection with reduced viral loads in peripheral organs, including the spleen. In infected mice, IL-20RA deficiency sequentially reduced IL-10, but increased IL-12 and IFN-γ, in the serum with T cells expressing IL-10 and macrophages expressing IL-12 and IFN-γ in the spleen. Notably, IL-20RA deficiency increased spleen M1 macrophages. In vitro study showed that treatment with IL-19 or IL-20, but not IL-24, increased IL-10 in CD4 T cells, but reduced IL-12 in macrophages. Our study is novel to show that IL-20RA cytokines affect virus infection, cytokines regulating macrophage polarization, and macrophage polarization.
Autotaxin as a novel biomarker of migraine
Authors: Ouro Alberto , Castro-Mosquera Mónica , Leira Yago , Rodríguez-Arrizabalaga Mariña , Debasa-Mouce Manuel , Romaus-Sanjurjo Daniel , Aramburu-Nuñez Marta , Iglesias-Rey Ramón , Casas Josefina , Lema Isabel , Castillo José , Leira Rogelio , Sobrino Tomás
Published: March 2024

Background
Migraine is the most common neurological disorder and the second most disabling human condition. As Autotaxin (ATX) may be a link between common mechanisms associated with migraine, we aimed to test its role as a novel biomarker of migraine.
Methods
In this cross-sectional study, healthy controls (n = 68), episodic migraine (EM) (n = 45), and chronic migraine (CM) patients (n = 38) were studied. Clinical outcomes, such as Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), frequency of headaches (days/month), evolution time (months) and the crisis of attacks (hours); as well as serum biomarkers for inflammation (interleukin-6, [IL-6], and interleukin-10 [IL-10]), trigeminovascular system activation (calcitonin gene-related peptide, [CGRP]), endothelial dysfunction (pentraxin-3, [PTX-3], cellular fibrinogen [cFn], soluble tumor necrosis factor-like weak inducer of apoptosis [sTWEAK]), and ATX, were investigated. Additionally, the serum lipidomic biomarkers profile was also performed.
Results
Serum ATX levels were found to be significantly elevated in both EM (310.7 ± 79.69 ng/mL) and CM (336.7 ± 66.93 ng/mL) compared to controls (212.3 ± 53.19 ng/mL) (p < 0.0001). Elevated ATX levels were associated with migraine outcomes in CM (VAS, frequency, evolution time and crisis duration). ATX was correlated with CGRP, PTX3, sTWEAK, Fn; and IL-6. A drastic decrease in serum lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) levels indicates high ATX activity in migraine.
Conclusions
Serum levels of ATX were significantly increased in EM and CM. In addition, ATX correlates with clinical outcomes, as well as CGRP, endothelial dysfunction and inflammation biomarkers. Further studies are necessary to elucidate the potential role of ATX as a therapeutic target for migraine.
Enhancing Public Health Surveillance: Outbreak Detection Algorithms Deployed for Syndromic Surveillance during Arbaeenia Mass Gatherings in Iraq
Authors: Suraifi Mustafa , Delpisheh Ali , Karami Manoochehr , Mehrabi Yadollah , Jahangiri Katayoun , Lami Faris
Published: March 2024

Background
Mass gatherings frequently include close, prolonged interactions between people, which present opportunities for infectious disease transmission. Few published studies have used outbreak detection algorithm methods for real syndrome data collected during mass gatherings. This study aimed to describe the implementation and effectiveness of outbreak detection algorithms for syndromic surveillance during mass gatherings in Iraq.
Methods
The field data collection involved the participation of 10 data collectors, who carried out the data collection activities over ten days, specifically from August 25, 2023, to September 3, 2023. The data were obtained from 10 healthcare clinics along the major route from Najaf to Karbala, specifically on Ya Hussein Road. The numbers of syndromes reported by applied outbreak detection algorithms include moving average (MA), cumulative sum (CUSUM), and exponential weighted moving average (EWMA).
Results
A total of 12,202 pilgrims (49.5% females and 50.5% males) visited the 10 health clinics over 10 days from 25 Aug 2023 to 03 Sep 2023. More than three-quarters of the pilgrims (77.4%, n = 9,444), were between the ages of 20 and 59. More than half of the pilgrims were foreigners, accounting for 58.1% (n = 7,092) of the total, and approximately 41.9% (n = 5,110) originated from Iraq. Of those, 40.5% (n = 4,938) had syndromes, 48.8% (n = 2411) had ILI syndromes, 21.2% (n = 1048) had food poisoning syndrome, 17.7% (n = 875) had heatstroke syndrome, 9.0% (n = 446) had febrile rash syndrome, and 3.2% (n = 158) had gastroenteritis syndrome. The CUSUM algorithm was preferable for detecting small shifts compared to the EWMA and MA algorithms.
Conclusions
The importance of robust public health surveillance systems, particularly during mass gatherings, is to promptly detect and respond to emerging health threats. By leveraging advanced algorithms and real-time data analysis, authorities can enhance their preparedness and response capabilities, ultimately safeguarding public health during such events.
A Shared Point of Care Ultrasound Curriculum for Graduate Medical Education
Authors: Ferre Robinson M. , Kaine Joshua C , Lobo Daniela , Peterson Dina , Sarmiento Elisa , Adame John , Herbert Audrey , Wallach Paul M. , Russell Frances M.
Published: March 2024

Background
Point of care ultrasound (POCUS) education has grown significantly over the past two decades. Like most curricular items, POCUS education is siloed within individual graduate medical education (GME) programs. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a shared GME POCUS curriculum between five GME programs at a single institution.
Methods
Post-graduate-year-1 (PGY-1) residents from emergency medicine (EM), family medicine (FM), internal medicine (IM), combined internal medicine-pediatrics (IM-Peds) and combined emergency medicine-pediatrics (EM-Peds) residency programs were enrolled in a core POCUS curriculum. The curriculum included eleven asynchronous online learning modules and ten hands-on training sessions proctored by sonographers and faculty physicians with POCUS expertise. Data was gathered about the curriculum’s effectiveness including participation, pre- and post-curricular surveys, pre- and post-knowledge assessments, and an objective skills assessment.
Results
Of the 85 residents enrolled, 61 (72%) participated in the curriculum. Engagement varied between programs, with attendance at hands-on sessions varying the most (EM 100%, EM-Peds 100%, FM 40%, IM 22%, Med-Peds 11%). Pre- and post-knowledge assessment scores improved for all components of the curriculum. Participants felt significantly more confident with image acquisition, anatomy recognition, interpreting images and incorporating POCUS findings into clinical practice (p < 0.001) after completing the curriculum.
Conclusion
In this shared GME POCUS curriculum, we found significant improvement in POCUS knowledge, attitudes, and psychomotor skills. This shared approach may be a viable way for other institutions to provide POCUS education broadly to their GME programs.
Mental Healthcare Practices from Entry to Release across Southeastern Jails
Authors: DiRosa Elena , Deinse Tonya Van , Cuddeback Gary , Murray-Lichtman Andrea , Carda-Auten Jessica , Rosen David
Published: March 2024

Background: Individuals with mental illnesses are disproportionately incarcerated in jails, which have become de facto mental health institutions across the US. Yet there is limited research describing mental healthcare practices from entry to release among multiple jails and states.
Methods: We conducted 34 semi-structured interviews with jail healthcare personnel across five Southeastern states.
Results: We report results on challenges and practices related to mental health staffing, screening, additional evaluations and services, and discharge planning in jails. Initial mental health screenings were often restricted to the detection of suicidality and history of treatment and medications as opposed to current mental health symptoms. Use of validated mental health screening forms was uncommon. We found delays in care between the initial health screening and being evaluated by a mental health professional. Most jails reported primary responsibilities for mental health care as preventing suicides and managing psychiatric medications. Jails reported mental health care as challenging to manage, with high volumes of individuals with mental health needs, yet limited resources, especially regarding staffing. Discharge planning was limited despite reports of poor continuity of mental healthcare.
Conclusions: Jails have a constitutional duty and opportunity to provide adequate healthcare to individuals with mental illnesses, yet practices are insufficient and resources are limited across jails. Based on our findings, we recommend 1) greater adoption and revisions of jail health standards 2) system improvement that expands identification of mental illnesses and quicker, less variable follow-up mental health evaluations, 3) improved linkages and supports for community resources that prevent incarceration of this population.