bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hubungan Peran Keluarga dengan Motivasi Pasien Diabetes Militus dalam Kontrol Kadar Gula Darah
Authors: Fajrian Noor Muhammad , Asmiati Asmiati , Pusparina Iis
Published: September 2022

Pendahuluan : Peran keluarga diperlukan untuk memberi kenyamanan fisik dan psiologis seseorang saat mengalami sakit. Peran keluarga sangat penting bagi kelangsungan hidup penderita diabetes mellitus. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan peran keluarga dengan motivasi pasien dalam kontrol kadar gula darah pada pasien diabetes mellitus.
Metode : Jenis penelitian analitik korelasi dan mengunakan desain cross sectional. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah 1.602 orang. Pengambilan sampel pada penelitian mengunakan metode purposive sampling yaitu 95 responden. Data kemudian ditabulasi dan disajikan dalam bentuk distribusi frekwensi kemudian di presentasikan.
Hasil : Penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dari 95 responden, didapatkan bawah sebanyak 73 responden (76.8) memiliki peran yang tinggi. Ada hubungan antara peran keluarga dengan motivasi pasien dalam control kadar gula darah dengan nilai p-value = 0,000 (α < 0,005).
Kesimpulan : Dukungan keluarga merupakan peran utama dalam pemeliharaan kesehatan dan membantu pasien dalam perawatan dan pengendalian diabetes melitus, disarankan bagi didang ilmu keperawatan untuk tetap meningkatkan pembelajarannya dalam bidang keperawatan keluarga dan program pengontrolan diabetes mellitus.
Pengetahuan dan Sikap Ibu Hamil tentang Persiapan Persalinan di Masa Pandemi Covid-19
Authors: Widniah Any Zahrotul
Published: September 2022

Pendahuluan : Covid-19 (Coronavirus Disease 2019) merupakan jenis penyakit baru Virus ini bisa menginfeksi siapa saja salah satunya ibu hamil tersebut mengatakan tidak mengetahui apa tindakan yang seharusnya dilakukan sebelum persalinan.
Metode : Metode yang digunakan adalah deskriptif analitik dengan studi korelasional dan melalui pendekatan cross sectional adapun sampel 111 sampel ibu hamil, pengambilan data menggunakan googlefrom.
Hasil : sebagian besar responden pada penelitian ini memiliki pengetahuan dan sikap dalam kategori baik dengan presentase sebanyak 41.4% sedangkan sisanya dengan kategori cukup sebanyak 58.6% dan tidak ada kategori kurang. Sehingga ibu hamil memiliki pengetahuan yang baik dan sikap yang positif dalam mempersiapkan persalinan
Kesimpulan : Diharapkan ibu hamil dapat mempertahankan pengetahuan yang baik serta sikap yang positif agar mengantisipasi terjadinya penularan covid 19.
POSSIBLE REVOLUTIONARY SUBSTITUTE TO WHEAT: A REVIEW ON NUTRIENT RICH AND HEALTHY DIET DEVELOPMENT BY PSEUDO CEREALS
Authors: AHMED A , AKRAM QUA , NAZ W , AKHTAR S , AMJAD I , ASHRAF MA , SHAKEEL A , SAEED A , SARFRAZ S , SHAMIM F , SHAHZADI N , KASHIF M , MAHMOOD N
Published: September 2022

People of modern age are very health and diet conscious. Various plants have been used as source of nutrition by human beings. Cereals have been one of them. But due to health problems (Celiac disease, WDEIA and baker’s asthma) and allergens present in cereals such as by wheat gluten, people are looking for alternative diet. Population is increasing day by day and to provide them a healthy nutritious diet free of allergens is uphill task. Researchers are looking to exploit various alternative plant sources. Recent findings suggest that pseudo cereals are best alternative to wheat. Buckwheat, Amaranth and Quinoa (pseudo cereals) were underutilized crops. Now, people are gaining more interest in Pseudo cereals for their excellent nutrition profile and gluten free products. They contain essential amino acids, carbohydrates, dietary fibers, minerals, vitamins and other important biological compounds in their nutrition profile. Important biological compounds present in pseudo cereals like phenolics impart beneficial health impacts on human beings. Keeping in view the extra ordinary benefits of consuming pseudo cereals, they must be grown at commercial level. It will make sure availability of diet full of nutrition and free from health risks.
IMPLEMENTASI BAITUL ARQAM TERHADAP PENGUATAN NILAI AL ISLAM DAN KEMUHAMMADIYAHAN BAGI SUMBER DAYA MANUSIA INSTITUT TEKNOLOGI DAN BISNIS MUHAMMADIYAH PURBALINGGA
Authors: Yul Fanani Istiqlal
Published: September 2022

Baitul Arqam Dosen merupakan kegiatan kaderisasi pokok yang diselenggarakan untuk menyatukan visi serta membangun pemahaman nilai ideologis, sistem, dam aksi gerakan bagi dosen di lingkungan Perguruan Tinggi Muhammadiyah. Kegiatan Baitul Arqam dosen Institut Teknologi dan Bisnis Muhammadiyah Purbalingga ini dalam rangka penanaman pemahaman tentang ideologi Muhammadiyah, memperteguh identitas diri sebagai warga persyarikatan Muhammadiyah, peningkatan komitmen dan integritas dalam mengembangkan amal usaha dan persyarikatan Muhammadiyah, dan membentuk staf pengajar perguruan tinggi Muhammadiyah yang unggul dan Islami. Peserta Baitul Arqam adalah dosen kontrak Institut Teknologi dan Bisnis Muhammadiyah Purbalingga yang berjumlah 32 orang. Metode yang digunakan pada kegiatan pengabdian ini adalah ceramah bevariasi, demonstrasi, simulasi, dan diskusi. Penilaian keadaan peserta menggunakan model Konteks, Input, Proses dan Produk (CIPP) pada aspek kognitif, afektif, dan psikomotorik. Berdasarkan hasil analisis, rata-rata nilai peserta pada aspek kognitif 75.7, afektif 76.5 dan psikomotorik 74.13. Dengan demikian, tingkat pemahaman dosen kontrak Institut Teknologi dan Bisnis Muhammadiyah Purbalingga tentang nilai Al Islam dan Kemuhammadiyah berada pada level baik. Artinya, penerapan Baitul Arqam memiliki pengaruh terhadap peningkatan pemahaman nilai Al Islam dan Kemuhammadiyah bagi dosen Institut Teknologi dan Bisnis Muhammadiyah Purbalingga
Fabronia secunda Mont. - A new addition to Western Himalayas
Authors: Nath Virendra , Asthana A. , Sahu Vinay
Published: September 2022

During a recent study plant of Fabronia secunda Mont. have been encountered from Govindghat (Valley of Flowers) for the first time, which is a new addition to the bryoflora of Western Himalayas. Plants usually grow on tree trunks and are characterized by its minute size, occurring in dense cushions with creeping stems, possessing uniformly foliate branches, oblong- lanceolate leaves, narrowed into a hair like point, margin dentate below; costa single, reaching up to the middle of leaf; seta smooth, capsule erect, ovoid; spores coarsely papillose with occasional lamellate marks.
An Investigation of Benford’s Law Divergence and Machine Learning Techniques for Intra-Class Separability of Fingerprint Images
Authors: IORLİAM Aamo , ORGEM Emmanuel , SHEHU Yahaya I.
Published: September 2022

Protecting a biometric fingerprint database against attackers is very vital in order to protect against false acceptance rate or false rejection rate. A key property in distinguishing biometric fingerprint images is by exploiting the characteristics of these different types of fingerprint images. The aim of this paper is to perform an intra-class classification of fingerprint images using Benford's law divergence values and machine learning techniques. The usage of these Benford’s law divergence values as features fed into the machine learning techniques has proved to be very effective and efficient in the intra-class classification of biometric fingerprint images. The effectiveness of our proposed methodology was demonstrated on five datasets resulting in a total of 367 samples. All the machine learning techniques used in this experiment were trained using the k-fold cross validation and the dataset was split into ten times (10-folds). The models achieved high intra-class classification mean accuracies of 99.72% for the Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN), and 95.90% for the Naïve Bayes. Again, the Decision Tree and Logistic Regression, achieved accuracies of 95.62%, and 94.47%, respectively. These results showed that Benford’s law features and machine learning techniques, especially the CNN and Naïve Bayes can be effectively applied for the intra-class classification of fingerprint images. The implication of these results is that the different types of fingerprint images can be effectively discriminated using Benford's law divergence values and machine learning technique for forensics and biometrics applications.
Postcolonial Literature and Translation: A Grounded Commonality of Multiculturalism
Authors: Alhamad Anoud Abdulaziz
Published: September 2022

The study theorizes that multiculturalism is a grounded commonality and a contact zone of postcolonial literature and translation. It concentrates on some of the common cultural aspects in the fields. Therefore, this study aims to emphasize the multiculturalism of postcolonial literary text compared to some multicultural features of translation. The study looks into how the cultural differences travel in the inter-lingual translation of the postcolonial literature from English to African. In postcolonial literature, the cultural aspect plays the role of otherness in the text and shows the ethical aspect of translation as it reveals the presence of others. During translation, cultural difference is, therefore, the substance of postcolonial literature. The paper recommends studying the inter-lingual translation of postcolonial literature in terms of the paradoxical status of monolingual literature in which cultural difference is seen as a spectral presence of other languages.
Telecollaboration and Intercultural Communicative Competence: Revealing Students’ Experiential Insights in Saudi Arabia and the U.S.
Authors: Al Khateeb Ahmed , Hassan Mohamed
Published: September 2022

As several intercultural communicative competence studies integrated telecollaboration, this practice has become popular in academia and other relevant disciplines such as bridging cultural differences. Nevertheless, most of such research has been conducted in South Asian countries such as China, Japan and Taiwan, as well as in North America and Europe, with the focus mainly on European languages, specifically English. The driving force of this research was because there has been a rapid increase in the number of learners of English and Arabic as foreign languages, who have rarely interacted together, either because of an existing limited understanding or narrow cultural awareness of each other’s cultures and perhaps languages. Accordingly, the researcher presented a comparative analyses of language learners' insights prior to and after their engagement in a telecollaborative experience. The research indicated that, in the past, there have been limited studies conducting similar investigations of those two settings, due to the tremendous differences in both the languages and cultures. The findings have shown the necessity of participants to understand each other’s needs and interests to result in successful telecollaboration during ICC process.
Patient Comorbidities Associated With Acute Infection After Open Tibial Fractures
Authors: Saiz Augustine M. , Stwalley Dustin , Wolinsky Philip , Miller Anna N.
Published: September 2022

Introduction:

Open tibial shaft fractures are high-risk injuries for developing acute infection. Prior research has focused on injury characteristics and treatment options associated with acute inpatient infection in these injuries without primary analysis of host factors. The purpose of this study was to determine the patient comorbidities associated with increased risk of acute infection after open tibial shaft fractures during initial hospitalization.

Methods:

A total of 147,535 open tibial shaft fractures in the National Trauma Data Bank from 2007 to 2015 were identified that underwent débridement and stabilization. Infection was defined as a superficial surgical site infection or deep infection that required subsequent treatment. The International Classification of Diseases, ninth revision codes were used to determine patient comorbidities. Comparative statistical analyses including odds ratios (ORs) for patient groups who did develop infection and those who did not were conducted for each comorbidity.

Results:

The rate of acute inpatient infection was 0.27% with 396 patients developing infection during hospital management of an open tibial shaft fracture. Alcohol use (OR, 2.26, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.73-2.96, P < 0.0001), bleeding disorders (OR, 4.50, 95% CI, 3.13-6.48, P < 0.0001), congestive heart failure (OR, 3.25, 95% CI, 1.97-5.38, P < 0.0001), diabetes (OR, 1.73, 95% CI, 1.29-2.32, P = 0.0002), psychiatric illness (OR, 2.17, 95% CI, 1.30-3.63, P < 0.0001), hypertension (OR, 1.56, 95% CI, 1.23-1.95, P < 0.0001), obesity (OR, 3.05, 95% CI, 2.33-3.99, P < 0.0001), and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (OR, 2.09, 95% CI, 1.51-2.91, P < 0.0001) were all associated with increased infection rates. Smoking (OR, 0.957, 95% CI, 0.728-1.26, P = 0.722) and drug use (OR, 1.11, 95% CI, 0.579-2.11, P = 0.7607) were not associated with any difference in infection rates.

Discussion:

Patients with open tibial shaft fractures who have congestive heart failure, bleeding disorders, or obesity are three to 4.5 times more likely to develop an acute inpatient infection than patients without those comorbidities during their initial hospitalization. Patients with diabetes, psychiatric illness, hypertension, or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease are 1.5 to 2 times more likely to develop subsequent infection compared with patients without those comorbidities. Patients with these comorbidities should be counseled about the increased risks. Furthermore, risk models for the infectious complications after open tibial shaft fractures can be developed to account for this more at-risk patient population to serve as modifiers when evaluating surgeon/hospital performance.

Conclusion:

Patient comorbidities are associated with increased risk of acute inpatient infection of open tibial shaft fractures during hospitalization.
Language learner motivation, where it’s been and where it’s going
Authors: Sewell Yvonne
Published: September 2022

Since 2005 there has been a surge in empirical and theoretical research in second language (L2) motivation. This phenomenon has been quantified as the equivalent of one paper being published every twenty-two days in 2005, and one paper every five days in 2014 (Boo, Dörnyei, & Ryan, 2015). This unprecedented boom is still on an incline, meriting the unique domain status of L2 motivation (Boo et al., 2015). This paper will give an overview of previous research in L2 motivation, discuss if such claims are still valid twenty-two years later, and discuss developments in the L2 motivation regarding engagement and visualisation.
Փոխակերպումը որպես լեզվական արտացոլման վերացարկված մեխանիզմ
Authors: Խաչատրյան Լալիկ
Published: September 2022

Transformation is the expression of the same linguistic content using alternative structures, it is seen as an abstracted mechanism of linguistic expression. The transformation is accomplished through sentence-phrase- composition stages which are characterized by different degrees of abstraction.The generating patterns of transformation of a sentence into a word-combination are subordinate word-combinations which transform from communicative into nominal units (free and fixed combinations). Fixed combinations are formed by the corresponding displacement of the syntactic position of a free pattern or by means of the elipsis of the components. Patterns of compound and derivative words are in their turn characterized by various degrees of abstraction. A suffix has a higher degree of abstraction than a component of a compound word. The patterns of compound words are characte-rized by the existence of final components and they come in a variety of constructions: verb-stems, nominal components, and verb-components. Derivational patterns are characterized from two perspectives: prefixal and suffixal. In the process of transformation – the verbal component bears the semantic load of transformations. It is transformed from a simple predicate of the sentence into a derived word-combination, whereas in the compound words – into a verb-steem acting as the dominant component.
The Jar Burials Of The Classical Period Of Mastara
Authors: Karapetyan Inesa , Gabrielyan Armine , Melikyan Varduhi , Hakhverdyan Artak
Published: September 2022

Մաստարա հնավայրը գտնվում է Արագածոտնի մարզի ներկայիս նույնանուն գյուղից 2–3 կմ արևմուտք, ծովի մակերևույթից 1815 մ բարձրություն ունեցող լեռնազանգվածի միջնալանջին: Նորագյուտ հուշարձանի երկու տարվա (2017–2018 թթ.) դաշտային պեղաշրջան տևած աշխատանքների ընթացքում ձեռք բերված փաստերի ամբողջությունից կարելի է եզրակացնել, որ Մաստարա հնավայրում վաղ բրոնզի բնակավայրից պահպանված պատերի մնացորդների վրա հելլենիստական և ուշ անտիկ դարաշրջաններում գոյություն է ունեցել մի նշանակալի բնակավայր: Այն ունեցել է պարսպապատով շրջապատված ընդարձակ թաղամասեր, բնակարանային համալիրներ և պարսպապատի հյուսիս-արևելքից հարավ-արևմուտք ձգվող հատվածի արտաքին, արևելահայաց երեսին կից տեղադրված դամբարանադաշտ: Այստեղ բացվել են բնակավայրին ժամանակակից (մ.թ.ա 3-րդ – մ.թ. 3-րդ դարերի առաջին կես) քարարկղային դամբարաններ, որոնցից երեքի մեջ կատարվել են հետազոտվող՝ իջեցուկ կարասային թաղումները: Մաստարայի կարասային թաղումների այս իրավիճակը օգնում է ճշգրտելու բնակավայրի բնակության վերացման ժամանակը: Քննարվող կարասային թաղումների այս տեսակը` սակավաթիվ կամ առանց ուղեկցող գույքի, տեղադրված ավելի վաղ դամբարաններում և բնակավայրերի շերտերում, սովորական են և բնորոշ ուշ անտիկ` մ.թ. 3-րդ դարի համար և հնարավորություն են տալիս պնդելու, որ բնակավայրի գործունեության դադարի և ավերման պատճառը եղել են մ.թ 3-րդ դարի սկզբից սկսված և մինչև դարավերջ տևած Միջագետքին և Հայաստանին տիրանալու համար մղված Հռոմեա-պարսկական պատերազմները:
Pengaruh Motivasi Kerja, Budaya Organisasi Dan Kompensasi Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan Di The Mirah Hotel Bogor
Authors: Setyawaty Opiek , MH Nainggolan Bonifasius
Published: September 2022

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah, (1) Untuk mengetahui pengaruh motivasi terhadap kepuasan kerja karyawan di Mirah Hotel Bogor. (2) Untuk mengetahui pengaruh budaya Organisasi terhadap kepuasan kerja karyawan di Mirah Hotel Bogor. (3) Untuk mengetahui pengaruh kompensasi terhadap kepuasan kerja karyawan di Mirah Hotel Bogor. (4) Untuk mengetahui pengaruh Motivasi, Budaya Organisasi dan Kompensasi secara simultan terhadap kepuasan kerja karyawan di Mirah Hotel Bogor. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian adalah metode survey, dengan melakukan pengumpulan data dengan menyebarkan angket kepada para responden, di mana dalam hal ini adalah karyawan di The Mirah Hotel Bogor. Adapun Variabel bebas yang dilambangkan dengan (X) adalah variabel yang mempengaruhi variabel terikat (Kepuasan – Y), baik yang pengaruhnya positif maupun yang pengaruhnya negatif (Ferdinand, 2006). Variabel bebas dalam penelitian ini adalah elemen-elemen Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia, yaitu: Pengaruh Motivasi (X1), Budaya Organisasi (X2), dan Kompensasi (X3).Motivasi
Ultrasonography in Solid benign lesions of breast: An Institutional experience
Authors: Singh Neha , Khanna Tanvi , Kashyap Aniket , Saha Ankur , Singh Deepak
Published: September 2022

Introduction: Benign breast lesions create a heterogeneous group of pathologies arising from the mammary epithelium or other mammary tissues. Most lesions diagnosed in symptomatic women are benign. Although, the most reliable method for diagnosis of a breast lesion is histological evaluation, the initial investigation method recommended in young females is Sono-mammogram due to its precision in diagnosis in dense fibro-glandular tissue. However, with better imaging proficiency there is also considerable risk of detecting false positive benign lesions. In present study we have assessed the prevalence of various solid benign lesions on high resolution ultrasound along with their utrasonographic features.
Materials & Methods- This retrospective descriptive cross sectional study was conducted on 478 women (age range 22-81 years) with breast lumps. The ultrasound examination was performed with AI Xplorer Supersonic Ultrasound machine, using a range of 2-18 MHz linear array transducers. The lesions were classified using American College of Radiology- Breast Imaging-Reporting and Data System (ACR-BI-RADS). BIRADS 2, 3 and biopsy confirmed 4 lesions were included and their imaging features were studied.

Results- A total of 478 women with 790 breasts were analysed. Among these, 112 lesions were diagnosed and confirmed as benign. Fibroadenoma was the most common benign lesion followed by Intramammary lymph node. Other entities included Phyllodes, lipoma, intracystic or intraductal papilloma, Lipnecrosis, Fibroadenosis, PASH, Hamartoma, Neurofibroma and Granulomatous.

Conclusion- The benign breast lesions form an extremely heterogeneous group of breast diseases. Some lesions are easily diagnosed due to their characteristic appearance; other lesions present with varying and overlapping imaging features during different stages of their evolution. However, USG is very helpful in lesion characterization & thus guiding further management.
XÂY DỰNG VÀ CHUẨN HÓA CÔNG CỤ ĐÁNH GIÁ NĂNG LỰC STEM CỦA HỌC SINH TRUNG HỌC PHỔ THÔNG TẠI THÀNH PHỐ HỒ CHÍ MINH
Authors: Trung Tạ Thanh , Quỳnh Trần Thị Xuân , Uyên Nguyễn Phương , Nga Nguyễn Thanh
Published: September 2022

Hiện nay, đánh giá năng lực đang là xu hướng đánh giá của nền giáo dục trên thế giới. Theo đó, việc xây dựng và chuẩn hóa công cụ đánh giá năng lực đang được các nhà giáo dục đặc biệt quan tâm. Đối với giáo dục STEM, công cụ đánh giá năng lực STEM chuẩn hóa, phù hợp thực tiễn đóng vai trò quan trọng để định hướng phát triển trong tương lai. Nghiên cứu này nhằm mục đích xây dựng và chuẩn hóa được một công cụ đánh giá năng lực STEM của học sinh trung học phổ thông tại Thành phố Hồ Chí Minh trong quá trình học sinh học tập theo định hướng giáo dục STEM. Để đảm bảo độ tin cậy và độ giá trị của công cụ, quy trình nghiên cứu được thực hiện nghiêm ngặt với ba giai đoạn, gồm: thiết kế câu hỏi, phát triển thang đo, đánh giá thang đo. Kết quả phân tích định lượng cho thấy công cụ có độ tin cậy, độ giá trị và phù hợp để sử dụng đánh giá năng lực STEM của học sinh tại địa phương. Qua đó, bộ công cụ này là phương tiện để học sinh tự đánh giá năng lực của bản thân hoặc trở thành khung năng lực hỗ trợ giáo viên phát triển các công cụ đánh giá khác trong quá trình học sinh học tập theo định hướng giáo dục STEM.
TĂNG CƯỜNG HOẠT ĐỘNG TRẢI NGHIỆM KHI DẠY HỌC BIỂU ĐỒ TRANH CHO HỌC SINH LỚP 2
Authors: Thuận Trần Đức , Trân Văn Quế , Yến Nguyễn Hoàng Kim , Đan Nguyễn Ngọc
Published: September 2022

Trong Chương trình Giáo dục phổ thông môn Toán năm 2018, biểu đồ tranh nói riêng và một số yếu tố thống kê, xác suất nói chung là những nội dung phù hợp để tổ chức các hoạt động trải nghiệm và thực hành. Dựa trên chu trình học tập trải nghiệm đề xuất bởi Kolb và kết quả nghiên cứu về các yếu tố thống kê, xác suất trong giáo dục Toán học cấp tiểu học, một kịch bản dạy học biểu đồ tranh đã được xây dựng. Trong kịch bản dạy học này, học sinh lớp 2 được khuyến khích tham gia những hoạt động trải nghiệm như điều tra, thu thập, phân loại, ghi chép, sắp xếp, biểu diễn, phân tích các số liệu thống kê. Kết quả thực nghiệm cho thấy, việc khai thác kinh nghiệm cá nhân và các hoạt động trải nghiệm có thể giúp tăng hiệu quả dạy học biểu đồ tranh nói riêng và các yếu tố thống kê, xác suất nói chung.
CHIẾN TRANH VÀ HOÀ BÌNH TRONG TẬP THƠ RỪNG DẬY MEN MÙA CỦA ĐÔNG TRÌNH
Authors: Thy Nguyễn Thị Tịnh
Published: September 2022

Tập thơ Rừng dậy men mùa của nhà thơ Đông Trình, Đối Diện xuất bản năm 1972, là tiếng lòng của một trí thức luôn đau đáu với nước non. Tập thơ là hai nửa của thực tại và viễn mộng, của chiến tranh và hoà bình đầy ám ảnh và xúc cảm. Qua những vần thơ khi mạnh mẽ, dữ dội; khi đằm thắm, hiền hoà, thảm cảnh chiến tranh và mĩ cảnh hoà bình đan quyện vào nhau đã thể hiện tinh thần can đảm cũng như trái tim nhân hậu của người cầm bút. Chiến tranh và hoà bình còn là sự thể hiện tài năng thơ ca của thi sĩ Đông Trình qua thi pháp thơ giàu ấn tượng với những hình ảnh và thủ pháp nghệ thuật độc đáo. Bằng phương pháp lịch đại, phương pháp cấu trúc - hệ thống, và phương pháp liên ngành, bài báo này khảo sát những sắc thái của chiến tranh và hoà bình, thái độ của người trí thức trước hiện thực cũng như cách thức biểu hiện những nội dung đó của thơ ca Đông Trình. Từ đó, khẳng định vị trí quan trọng của nhà thơ trong dòng thơ ca yêu nước, chống chiến tranh trước 1975, về cả tư tưởng chủ đề lẫn thi pháp thơ.
Colorado State University’s Extension Internship Program: Opportunities to Build Bridges
Authors: Jablonski Becca B.R. , Hill Rebecca
Published: September 2022

Public universities in the U.S. are striving to improve upon their engagement portfolios through connecting various units in transdisciplinary capacities and better leveraging statewide assets. Students, and specifically internship programs, can provide a great mechanism to facilitate these bridge-building efforts. This article provides a description of Colorado State University's Extension Internship program, its history and evolution, its impacts on different constituents (including students, extension, and faculty/staff), and a critical reflection on where the program currently stands and where it is going. We hope that this is useful to other institutions considering building or growing their own programs.
SICAK SAVAŞTAN HUKUK SAVAŞINA: BİR MORAL ÜSTÜNLÜK MÜCADELESİ OLARAK AZERBAYCAN’IN VE ERMENİSTAN’IN ULUSLARARASI HUKUKTAKİ GİRİŞİMLERİ
Authors: URAZ Onur
Published: September 2022

İkinci Karabağ Savaşı Azerbaycan’ın kesin zaferi ile sonuçlanmıştır. Sahada sona eren sıcak savaş, şimdi ise mahkeme salonlarına taşınmış olup, taraflar birbirlerine karşı birçok koldan hukuki süreçler başlatmışlardır. Bu makalenin iki amacı vardır. Bunlardan ilki İkinci Karabağ Savaşı vesilesi ile doğan veya yeniden gün yüzüne çıkan uluslararası hukuk sorunları ile ilgili genel bir malumat ve analiz sunmaktır. Bu kapsamda etkin kontrol sorunu, kendi kaderini tayin hakkı iddiası, Azerbaycan’ın işgalden kurtarma operasyonunun hangi hukuki gerekçeye dayandığı gibi uluslararası neşriyatta tartışılan konular okuyucunun dikkatine sunulacaktır. İkinci olarak, makale Uluslar arası Adalet Divanı önünde, Her Türlü Irk Ayrımcılığının Ortadan Kaldırılması Sözleşmesinin ihlal edildiği iddiası ile tarafların açtığı karşılıklı davaları genel olarak inceleyerek, davaların muhtemel çıktıları ile alakalı analizini sunacaktır. Bu noktada Sözleşmenin yargı yetkisi yaratmak için kullanılan bir arka kapı haline gelmesi ve Uluslar arası Adalet Divanı’nın bunu engelleyecek adımlar atmaması eleştirilecektir.
M FETHULLAH GÜLEN’S RESPONSE TO THE “CLASH OF CIVILIZATIONS” THESIS
Authors: Penaskovic Richard
Published: September 2022

Part I contains an exposition of Sam Huntington’s thesis about the clash of civilisations ac- cording to Gülen. Huntington’s writings are far from being realistic evaluations regarding the future. Rather, they are more like a self-fulfilling prophecy. Gülen argues that by creat- ing new enemy fronts, Huntington actually sows the seeds for a clash of civilisations on the basis of religious and cultural differences. Part II looks at Gulen’s response to Huntington’s thesis and has three parts: tolerance, interfaith dialogue, and compassionate love. Tolerance means closing our minds to the faults of others, respecting ideas with which we disagree, and when attacked verbally, responding with mildness or as the Qur’an says, with ‘gentle words.’ Interfaith dialogue involves stressing the commonalities between the world religions, rather than past polemics and historical differences. In regard to compassionate love Gülen calls the universe a symphony of compassion because without compassion everything is in chaos. Souls filled with love are in Gülen’s view, the greatest heroes in the cosmos. The way of love is the way of the prophets. Part III contains my own views on the clash of civilisations. Written in the spirit of Gülen, I argue that in contradistinction to Huntington, the Muslim world is not monolithic, that many of the past wars and clashes were within the same civilisa- tion, and that the real clash is between extremists of all types and moderates within the same culture or civilisation. I also highlight the ecumenical message of Islam, namely, that all religion deserve respect and courtesy, that followers of different religious traditions should compete with one another in piety, and that the rope that links us to God also links us to one another (Qur’an 3:103).
COMBATTING TERRORISM IN BRITAIN: GÜLEN’S IDEAS
Authors: Hussain Asaf
Published: September 2022

Western policies are focused on fighting terrorist groups rather than terrorist ideology and its roots causes. This paper tries to identify those root causes and the means of eradicating terrorist ideology. A common misunderstanding is that Islam is prone to violence and extremism, if not itself the cause of terrorism. This misconception is based on ignorance of the many Muslim groups and faith-based movements that work towards peace and better relations in the world because of Islam, not despite it. The Gülen movement is one of the most successful and famous of those faith-based movements. Policy-makers need to become familiar with such movements, their motivations, methods and arguments. The extremist/terrorist ideology must be rebut- ted; however, of the many interpretations of Islam circulating in the world the most radical ones dominate the media and therefore the attention of younger Muslims. Media and policy- makers have not paid enough attention to the authentic interpretations of Islam embraced by the majority – the interpretations of mainstream Muslim thinkers like Fethullah Gülen. Gülen’s teachings and principles and the movement’s activities and projects can help inform and shape state policies. This paper explains how the views of thinkers like Gülen can be translated into policy terms to defeat terrorism.
PRESENT AND POTENTIAL IMPACT OF THE SPIRITUAL TRADITION OF ISLAM ON CONTEMPORARY MUSLIMS: FROM GHAZALI TO GÜLEN
Authors: Aslandogan Y. Alp
Published: September 2022

Western analysts of trends in the contemporary Islamic world often overestimate the impact of contemporary Sufi orders and/or underestimate the impact of the spiritual tradition of Islam. Among the elements of the spiritual tradition conducive to religious pluralism is the ‘mirror’ concept: every human is seen as a mirror of God in three aspects: reflecting the at- tributes and names of God as His work of art, reflection through dependence on God, and reflection through actions God commands or commends. Since only the last aspect is vol- untary, every human, regardless of creed, is a mirror of God in at least the first two aspects. This is a potent argument for peaceful coexistence in religious diversity. The perspective of the spiritual tradition is emphatically inclusive and compassionate and naturally lends itself to non-violence, going beyond mere tolerance to hospitality and friendship. There are impor- tant impediments that prevent this perspective from having a greater impact: (1) the literalist opposition to flexible interpretation of concepts from the Qur’an and the Prophetic tradition, and the wide definition of innovation or heresy (‘bid`a’); (2) deviations of some Sufi orders and subsequent criticisms by orthodox Muslims; and (3) the impact of the politicisation of religion by some groups and political moves by certain Sufi orders. This paper argues that the only approach that has a chance of influencing the majority of contemporary Muslims in positive ways without being open to criticism is the ‘balanced’ spiritual tradition, after the style of the Companions, sometimes called tasawwuf, which strives to harmonise the outer dimensions of Islamic law and worship with the inner dimen- sion of spiritual disciplines firmly rooted in the Qur’an and Prophetic tradition. This paper will present an analysis of this ‘balanced’ spiritual tradition in Islam, from Ghazali, through Rumi, to Gülen.
PHNOM PENH’S FETHULLAH GÜLEN SCHOOL AS AN ALTERNATIVE TO PREVALENT FORMS OF EDUCATION FOR CAMBODIA’S MUSLIM MINORITY
Authors: Bruckmayr Philipp
Published: September 2022

Following the end of Khmer Rouge rule (1975–79), the Cham Muslim minority of Cambodia began to rebuild community structures and religious infrastructure. It was only after 1993 that they became recipients of international Islamic aid, mostly for the establishment of mosques, schools and orphanages. Now Cambodia boasts several Muslim schools, financed and/or run by Saudi Arabian and Kuwaiti NGOs as well as by private enterprise from the Gulf region, most of which rely on a purely religious curriculum. However, Cambodian Muslim leaders are urging attendance of public Khmer schools and seeking to establish alternatives in the form of Islamic secondary schools with a mixed curriculum, modelled after similar schools in Malaysia. The generally harmonious relations between Chams and Khmers have been affected by the importation of new interpretations of Islam through international Islamic welfare organisations, and the long arm of international terrorism. The only Cambodian non-religious and non-discriminatory educational facility operated from a Muslim country is Phnom Penh’s Zaman International School. It was founded in 1997 and is associated with the Fethullah Gülen movement. Classes are taught in both Khmer and English. Its kindergarten, primary and high schools are attended by Khmers, resident foreigners and a few Chams. For them, apart from the high standard provided by the school, its explicit agenda of instruction on an inter-racial and inter-religious basis, coupled with its prestige as an institution operated from Muslim lands, serves to make the school a valuable alternative to both secular private schools and Islamic schools. This paper raises and discusses the interesting question of the applicability of Gülen’s thought on education and inter-faith relations to the periphery of Southeast Asian Islam.
GÜLEN’S THEORY OF ADAB AND ETHICAL VALUES OF GÜLEN MOVEMENT
Authors: Toguslu Erkan
Published: September 2022

This paper seeks to explore and explain the prominent place of ‘adab’ (roughly, good man- ners) in the description and building of Muslim identity and personality, and the implications for Muslim individual and collective behaviour in contemporary societies. In particular, the paper examines the role of ethical values in the formation of character, through Fethullah Gülen’s discourses addressed to, and successful in inspiring, Muslim youth: the definition of moral character on the basis of religion provides the movement’s members with the ideal and a roadmap to the ideal of the ‘perfected human being’ (insan-ı kamil). Gülen seeks to reshape modernity through the concept of moral character informed and made stable by reli- gious consciousness. As a result, attitudes to the ‘other’ and the frontiers between ‘outward’ and ‘inward’ are reconfigured. The concept of insan-ı kamil encourages self-transcendence through service of others (hizmet), and the patient, peaceful resolution of tensions between different ideologies such as ‘Islamic’ and ‘secular’. The Gülen movement conceives of and, through the practice of its members, presents the ethical domain as the common ground of shared values.
REFLECTING ON THE GÜLEN MOVEMENT’S INTERFAITH DIALOGUE WORK THROUGH THE ACTIVITIES OF NITECA, A GÜLEN-INSPIRED SOCIETY BASED IN NORTHERN IRELAND
Authors: Lacey Jonathan
Published: September 2022

Until the peace agreement of 1998 the Catholics and Protestants of Northern Ireland were pe- dantically focused on what separates these two identities. Following the end of the decades- long ‘civil war’, reconciliation has led to increased migration to the region, which now hosts more than 20,000 people from ethnic minority backgrounds. This means that there are now more than just two identity communities in Northern Ireland. This paper focuses on an unlikely actor in this peace-building endeavour, a Turkic religio- cultural organisation, the Northern Ireland–Tolerance, Educational and Cultural Association (NI-TECA), inspired by the Turkish Islamic scholar Fethullah Gülen. The paper relies on ethnographic work and qualitative interviews conducted with members of NI–TECA, and draws on the writings of Fethullah Gülen and others to explain the organisation’s principles and policies as implemented by NI–TECA. The paper also reflects on the global influence of Fethullah Gülen’s ideas, of which the existence and work of NI–TECA is an illustration.
MODERN IDEALS AND MUSLIM IDENTITY: HARMONY OR CONTRADICTION? - A TEXT LINGUISTIC ANALYSIS OF THE GÜLEN TEACHING AND MOVEMENT
Authors: Celik Gurkan , Kirk Kate , Alan Yusuf
Published: September 2022

At the global level there is an urgent need and increasing attention for a new sense of Muslim identity in harmony with modern realities. Fethullah Gülen, an educationalist, a religious guide and a peace maker, is one of the most persuasive and influential Turkish-Muslim voices in the contemporary world putting strong emphasis on peaceful coexistence and the synthesis of faith and reason in Western democracies through spirituality, religious diversity, dialogue and educational initiatives. This paper primarily examines how and to what extent Gülen’s teachings and the world-wide volunteer movement inspired by him are contributing to the dynamic and cheerful coexistence of Muslims and non-Muslims. In order to explore and ana- lyse this coexistence, the seven text linguistic principles (cohesion, coherence, intentionality, acceptability, informativity, situationality and intertextuality) are applied to Gülen’s teach- ings and his movement as an empirical case. Secondarily, these text linguistic standards are modelled to social sciences as a new theoretical and methodological approach for exploring and analysing social movements and phenomena. The originality of this study is specified as the correlations between a movement and a text, and the processes of cognition, production and reproduction of knowledge and its dissemination and transition in the Muslim world, multicultural societies and liberal democracies. This research’s practical relevance lies in the fact that it helps understand how the Gülen movement has been formed and accomplished, both nationally and internationally. Metaphorically, in this paper Fethullah Gülen has been considered as the writer; by-him-inspired movement refers to the text; and the readers are the transnational community and the whole humanity.
A SUNNI MUSLIM SCHOLAR’S HUMANITARIAN AND RELIGIOUS REJECTION OF VIOLENCE AGAINST CIVILIANS
Authors: Aslandogan Y. Alp , Cinar Bekir
Published: September 2022

This paper analyses the multi-faceted response of a Sunni-Hanafi scholar, Fethullah Gülen, to the phenomenon of violence against civilians under a religious rhetoric. Gülen’s response involves four components: (a) humanitarian, (b) religious, (c) political or realist, and (d) practical/educational. (a) Gülen categorically condemns acts of violence against innocent non-combatants including women and children as inhuman. (b) Gülen sets out the principles of Islamic jurisprudence that invalidate any declaration of war by individuals or groups: hence, such self-declared wars under the banner of Islam cannot be regarded as legitimate. He refutes ‘the end justifies the means’ argument, calling it a Marxist-Communist rhetoric, with no Islamic justification whatever. (c) While discussing misunderstanding, misrepresentation and abuse of religious texts, Gülen hints at the presence of individuals, interest groups, and other entities that benefit from friction and violent conflict. He suggests that the possibility should be considered that some individuals have been manipulated, perhaps even ‘hypnotised’ through special drugs, to carry out actions they would otherwise not carry out. (d) Gülen offers practical approaches to rooting out the problem of hate-mongering and violent conflict. The underlying dynamic of this approach is to provide, through education, mutual understanding, respect, opportunity and hope. Only educational institutions that foster inter- faith and intercultural dialogue, mutual understanding and respect, and offer hope of upward mobility, can provide lasting solutions. Concepts such as ‘love of creation due to the Creator’ can be located in every culture and spiritual tradition. Gülen’s own emphasis on Islamic spirituality provides an example that is particularly significant for Muslims: his argument against terrorism and for peaceful interfaith relations is based upon the authoritative view of the Sunni tradition, to which 90% of the world’s Muslims adhere.
Teacher Collaboration in the Democratic Republic of the Congo: A Look at Supervisor Skills
Authors: Mbetengoy Eloi Luheho , Bouchamma Yamina
Published: September 2022

This study identifies the competencies used by supervisors of teacher professional learning circles and examines those which should be developed to improve the facilitation practices of these leaders. Based on the competency standards for school principals in professional learning communities (Bouchamma, Basque, Giguère, & April, 2020), we conducted semi-structured interviews with supervisors of professional learning circles (cellule de base) and pedagogical units (N = 24) in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Content analysis results show that although the professional learning circle supervisors in this study possessed 53% of the standard competencies that made up our coding list, other skills must be developed, or enhanced to lead teacher collaboration activities more effectively. The discussion highlights these competencies to better inform and engage learning circle supervisors in this professional development process.
Classification of Hotspots in Photovoltaic Modules with Deep Learning Methods
Authors: AÇIKGÖZ Hakan , KORKMAZ Deniz , DANDIL Çiğdem
Published: September 2022

Solar energy systems are increasing their capacity in the energy industry day by day by operating with higher efficiency in parallel with technological developments. The functional operation of photovoltaic (PV) module contributes greatly to the optimal performance of these systems. On the other hand, detection and classification of faults occurring in PV modules are of vital importance in the operation and maintenance of solar energy systems. In this study, the classification of hotspots, which is one of the most common faults in Photovoltaic (PV) modules, is carried out by deep learning methods. First, data augmentation is applied to the images in the training dataset to improve the classification performance. Then, pre-trained deep learning models namely AlexNet, GoogLeNet, ShuffleNet, SqueezeNet, ResNet-50, and MobileNet-v2 are compared on the same test dataset. According to the obtained experimental results, AlexNet has the best performance with an accuracy value of 98.65%, while ResNet-50 provides the worst result with 94.59%.
10-12 Yaş Grubu Çocuklarda Çocuk Atletizmi Oyunlarının Fiziksel Uygunluk Parametrelerine Etkisinin İncelenmesi
Authors: DEMİR Orhan , YÜKSEL Oğuzhan
Published: September 2022

Bu araştırmanın amacı; 10-12 yaş grubu çocuklarda çocuk atletizmi oyunlarının fiziksel uygunluk parametrelerine etkisinin incelenmesidir. Ortaokulda eğitim öğretim gören 41 Kadın ve Erkek öğrenci gönüllü olarak katılmıştır. Kontrol grubunun (n=20; 8 kadın-12 erkek) 11,3 ± 0,47 yıl; boy uzunluğu 145,58 ± 10,62 cm iken deney grubunun (n=21; 8 kadın-13 erkek) ise 11,3 ± 0,47 yıl; boy uzunluğu 142.44 ± 7.90 cm’dir. Araştırmada 12 haftalık süreçte ilk ve son haftalarda Dordel-Koch Testi (yanlara sıçrama, denge, durarak uzun atlama, mekik, şınav, esneklik ve 6 dk’lık koşu) uygulanmıştır. Antrenman periyodu üç ay (12 hafta), haftada da üç gün, günde de 80 dakika olarak programlandı. Atletizm antrenmanları deney ve kontrol grubunda ortak program olarak uygulanırken birim antrenman içeriğine deney grubuna esas evre aşamasına çocuk atletizm oyunları dahil edilmiştir. Verilerin değerlendirilmesinde SPSS (17.0) paket programında Karışık Ölçümlerde ANOVA uygulanmıştır. Anlamlılık düzeyi p
EFEKTIFITAS TRICHODERMA INDIGENUS SULAWESI TENGGARA SEBAGAI BIOFUNGISIDA TERHADAP Colletotrichum sp. SECARA IN- VITRO
Authors: GUSNAWATY HS , TAUFIK MUHAMMAD , HERMAN HERMAN
Published: September 2022

This research aimed to determine the effectivity of Trichoderm isolates indigenous of Southeast Sulawesi as biofungicide to Colletotrichum sp  in- vitro. This research was carried out in the Laboratory of Agrotechnology, Plant Pathology unit, Faculty of Agriculture, Halu Oleo University.  Inhibition effectivity of 11  Trichoderma  spp.  isolates was done in double PDA media.  This research used  the complete randomized design (CRD).  The observed variables were the inhibitory of  Trichoderma  spp.  indigenous on the growth of Colletotrichum sp. Research result showed that the 11 isolates were effective as biofungicide against Colletotrichum sp.  The data analysis showed that isolates DPA was the best isolate, inhibiting  Colletotrichum  sp. by 77.69%, otherwise LKP was isolate with the lowest inhibitory ability against  Colletotrichum  sp, by 65.07%.  Inhibition mechanism of isolates DPA and DKT against Colletotrichum sp was by area competition and parasitism.Key words:  Antagonist, Colletotrichum sp., Trichoderma Indigenous.
EVOLUTION OF THE CONCEPT AND TOOLS FOR MEASURING CIRCULAR TRANSITION
Authors:   New Bulgarian University, Karpuzova Mina
Published: September 2022

The actuality of the topic of circular economy is dictated by the need to find a solution to contemporary environmental, economic and social problems. The study's main objective is to trace the development of the concept of circular economy and derive a modern definition of the notion. In this regard, the leading indicators for measuring the success of circular activities at the company level are analyzed, summarized and evaluated. A literature review on the evolution of the circular economy concept is carried out, based on which definitions and main characteristics of the circular economy concept are derived. Practical tools for measuring the success of the transition to a circular economy at a firm level are presented. The study concludes with some general recommendations on the future development of circular economy policies and the measurement of their results.
IS INCOME INEQUALITY IN BULGARIA UNDERESTIMATED IN SURVEY DATA?
Authors:   University of National and World Economy, Peshev - Petar , Stefanova Kristina ,   University of National and World Economy, Department of Economics, Bozhikin Ivan ,   University of National and World Economy, Department of Economics, Stamenova Radostina ,   University of National and World Economy, Department of Economics, Mancheva Ivanina ,   University of National and World Economy, Department of Economics
Published: September 2022

The present study analyses wage income inequality in Bulgaria during the period 2010-2019, using data from the National Revenue Agency (NRA) on the actual incurred income of taxpayers and survey data on wage income from the Household Budget Survey of the National Statistical Institute (NSI). Key indicators of income inequality are derived under both approaches, which are compared and evaluated through descriptive analysis. The NSI survey data permanently underestimates the level of income and inequality in its distribution, as evidenced by the Gini coefficient, the decile and percentile ratios, as well as other indicators based on them.