bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Local equilibrium of particle density in planar Lorentz processes
Authors: Nándori Péter , Teolis Trevor
Published: August 2021

Particles are injected into a large planar domain through the boundary and perform a random or sufficiently chaotic deterministic motion inside the domain. Our main example is the Sinai billiard, which periodically extended to our large planar domain, is referred to as the Lorentz process. Assuming that the particles move independently from one another and the boundary is also absorbing, we prove the emergence of local equilibrium of the particle density in the diffusive scaling limit in two scenarios. One scenario is an arbitrary domain with piece-wise smooth boundary and a carefully chosen injection rule; the other scenario is a rectangular domain and a much more general injection mechanism. We study the latter scenario in an abstract framework that includes Lorentz processes and random walks and hopefully allows for more applications in the future.
SEM for conductive and non-conductive specimens
Authors: Williams Hollis
Published: August 2021

We outline the physics involved in the use of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and modernise the usual textbook treatment by explaining how one can now obtain high-quality images with non-conductive specimens. As a concrete example of an application in biology, we provide several magnification series of a flea obtained using SEM.
Theoretical investigation and experiment of a disc-shaped triboelectric energy harvester with a magnetic bistable mechanism
Authors: Zhao Huai , Ouyang Huajiang
Published: August 2021

Triboelectric energy harvesting has emerged as a promising route to scavenge ambient mechanical energy for cost-effective, clean and sustainable electricity. Disc-shaped triboelectric energy harvesters are suitable for two kinds of mechanical energy sources: continuous rotation and vibration. A majority of current studies about disc-shaped triboelectric energy harvesters focus on scavenging energy in continuous rotation, but there is a lack of investigations on angular vibration, especially in structural dynamics. In this work, a new disc-shaped triboelectric energy harvester with a bistable mechanism enabled by two repulsive magnets is developed for harvesting vibration energy. There are two discs in the harvester, one stationary and the other undergoing angular oscillation. Both have segmented triboelectric films on their contact surfaces. The magnetic bistable mechanism is utilized for the first time in a disc-shaped triboelectric energy harvester for efficiency enhancement. A comprehensive theoretical model coupling both structural dynamic and electric dynamic domains is established. A comparison between the coupled and uncoupled models reveals that the ET between electrodes can be ignored. Numerical simulations are carried out to investigate the effect of the potential wells due to the two magnets, basins of attractors and the influence of damping from the perspective of structural dynamics. A prototype is fabricated for experimental investigations, which demonstrate that the harvester with the bistable mechanism can achieve a better performance than the corresponding harvester without the bistable mechanism, and the output voltage of the harvester increases with the increase of excitation amplitude. Theoretical and experimental comparisons about the electric outputs between the triboelectric films with different segmentation structures reveal that increasing the number of sectors on the films effectively improves the harvesting efficiency. This work establishes a link between the structural dynamics and electric dynamics for the vibration-based disc-shaped triboelectric energy harvester, providing guidelines for its design and fabrication.
Collective self-trapping of atoms in a cavity
Authors: Dombi A , Clark T W , Williams F I B , Jessen F , Fortágh J , Nagy D , Vukics A , Domokos P
Published: August 2021

We study experimentally the optical dipole trapping of a cloud of cold atoms in a high-finesse cavity in the parameter regime where the atomic back-action on the cavity mode is significant. Back-action based effects lead to state selective optical manipulation schemes. We identify a parameter range where the collective back action of the atoms is needed for the trapping, i.e. a single atom would not be trapped under the same laser drive conditions. The collective self-trapping is demonstrated by the observation of a significant increase of the trapping time as a function of the atom number. The atomic back action on the cavity field gives rise to a simultaneous real-time monitoring of the number of trapped atoms. This is used to show a non-exponential collapse of the atom trap.
Indicators Recommendation Algorithm based on Information Entropy and FP Growth for Power Report System
Authors: Yifan Yang , Jin He , Yumeng Zhang , Jian Zheng , Ning Liu
Published: August 2021

For the Indicators recommendation problem of a power report system without user grade but a large amount of browsing records data, a novel algorithm of mining association rules based on information entropy and Fp-growth is proposed. Firstly, though normalizing the browsing frequency, the information entropy is used to determine the weights of items so as to calculate the interesting measurement value for users. Besides, the forgetting function is introduced to reflect the interest transfer. Then, the FP-growth algorithm is improved by dynamically adjusting support and activity. Finally, the browsing records data of the power report system were used as the test dataset for experiments. The results showed that the algorithm can effectively recommend interest items for users, and the recommendation performance is significantly improved compared with other algorithms.
Research of Multi-Point Temperature Control Method in the Heating System of 3D Glass Hot Bending Machine
Authors: Xu Zhaobo , Feng Pingfa , Zha Huiting , Xu Chao , Ma Yuan , Feng Feng
Published: August 2021

3D glass hot bending machine is widely used to produce 3D glass. The heating system is its one of key components. The uniformity of surface temperature distribution of the heating plate in the heating system decides the quality of 3D glass products. At present, the heating system of 3D glass hot bending machine mainly uses single-point temperature control method to adjust the system temperature. However, the single-point temperature control method cannot guarantee the uniformity of surface temperature distribution of the heating plate. In this research, multi-point temperature control method was proposed and the simulation model was established by ABAQUS. The control effect of single-point control method and multi-point temperature control method were compared though simulations and experiments. The results show that the multi-point temperature control method can reduce the surface temperature difference of the heating plate and achieve temperature uniformity so as to improve the quality of 3D glass products.
Research on Fault Waveform Recording Testing of Single Phase to Earth for Distribution Line Fault Indicator
Authors: Yin Hui , Li Baikui , Chen Jie , Gu Lingyun , Wang Zhe , Bao Jingjing
Published: August 2021

To evaluate the recognitional capacity of single-phase grounding fault based on transient recording method in distribution system, the corresponding test method about fault waveform recording is presented for distribution line fault indication. The principle and implementation process of transient recording method is introduced. Ten 10 key indexes are selected from typical characteristic signals of earth fault, and a similarity comparison method of fault waveforms is designed. The proposed method is verified by laboratory tests, which shows its feasibility and effectiveness for test of the recognitional capacity of single phase to earth fault.
The Influence of EMI Power Filter’s Layout on the Measurement of Mains Terminal Disturbance Voltage
Authors: Jun Li , Yi Zhou , Jinxiong Xie
Published: August 2021

In the first place, this article analyzes the principles of electro magnetic interference (EMI) power filter from the aspects of the differential mode and the common mode disturbance. Afterwards, the design requirements of key components in the EMI power filter and the layout principles of filter is investigated. Next, the influence of layout of EMI power filter on the measurement of mains terminal disturbance voltage has been studied experimentally by the lap quality of the filter onto the equipment under test, the distance between the input and output power line of filter, as well as the input cable length of EMI power filter. Finally, we draw the conclusion that the layout quality of power filter has important impact on the measurement of mains terminal disturbance voltage. It means that the related rules should be strictly abided by when the EMI power filter is used to restrain the conducted disturbance.
Experimental Study on Modified MR Damper
Authors: Khedkar Yashpal M. , Bhat Sunil , Adarsha H.
Published: August 2021

Many systems in Industrial sector face the problems of vibrations. Vibration control equipment like MR damper is employed to minimize these vibrations. In this context, magenetorheological fluid (MR Fluid) is introduced as a damper fluid to improve the damper’s vibration reduction capacity significantly. This damper is known as Magnetorheological damper (MR damper) in which electromagnetic piston produces attractive impact to enact MR liquid. However, some problems are observed in MR damper due to internal electromagnetic piston configuration. Therefore, modification is proposed in the damper. The proposed design consists of a conventional MR damper filled with MR fluid and an external assembly of permanent magnet fitted around the damper. The modified MR damper has been tested under different parametric conditions with MR fluid AMT-Dampro. The results convincingly indicate that the modified damper delivers excellent performance by generating effective damping capacity that can be utilized for necessary applications.
Design of Intelligent IoT Sensing Module Based on Topology Recognition
Authors: Zhang Zhi , Zhao Xi , Chen Zhiru , Guo Liang , Jing Zhen
Published: August 2021

With the development of the Power IoT(Internet of Things), the traditional terminal collection devices are not able to meet the huge and accurate data collection demands.In order to complete the requirements of comprehensive data collection and monitoring, line loss analysis and judgment, anti-theft, active repair and intelligent IoT access of other access devices, this paper puts forward intelligent management and control function of the smart sensing module.The new modular acquisition device takes miniaturization, modularization and integration as the design concept, takes the Internet of Things technology as the core, further strengthens the depth and breadth of low-voltage perception, assists the ubiquitous power Internet of Things construction.This paper mainly analyzes and discusses the hardware design, key technology and function realization of the intelligent IoT sensing module based on the Internet of Things.
Discussion on the Security Mechanism of Energy Internet in 5G network
Authors: Yao Hao , Ye Qi-ge , Yan Xiao-ling , Tang Zong-shun
Published: August 2021

With the coming of 5G network, it is possible for energy Internet to achieve high bandwidth and low delay interconnection. At the same time, it also brings new security problems. The core elements of 5G - virtualization, cloud migration, network slicing, Internet of Things, 5G gateway and even related software development may become security vulnerabilities. Aiming at the possible security problems in the application of 5G in the energy Internet, including the overall security architecture, industry security subdivision, Internet of Things security operation and maintenance, and the application of new security mechanisms, this paper expounds the relevant concepts and threats. This paper puts forward that in security architecture, we should make full use of security mechanisms such as logical isolation and access control to achieve in-depth defense; in industry segmentation, we should have customized security capability response for different application scenarios of different industries; in the security operation and maintenance of the Internet of Things, we should aim at the complex network environment and topology of mass terminals. In the new security mechanism, it should be combined with large data analysis and AI intelligent processing to enhance the ability of security early warning. Finally, combined with the application scenario of the energy internet, this paper proposes a comprehensive solution to the energy Internet Security in the 5G.
Timing measurements with a 3D silicon sensor on Timepix3 in a 180 GeV/c hadron beam
Authors: Heijhoff K. , Akiba K. , Bates R. , van Beuzekom M. , Bosch P. , Colijn A.P. , Geertsema R. , Gromov V. , Heidotting M.L.E. , Hendrikx L.S. , Hynds D. , Snoek H.
Published: August 2021

Test beam measurements have been carried out with a 3D sensor on a Timepix3 ASIC and the time measurements are presented. The measurements are compared to those of a thin planar sensor on Timepix3. It is shown that for a perpendicularly incident beam the time resolution of both detectors is dominated by the Timepix3 front-end. The 3D detector is dominated by the time-to-digital conversion whereas the analog front-end jitter also gives a significant contribution for the thin planar detector. The 3D detector reaches an overall time resolution of 567 ± 6 ps compared to 683 ± 8 ps for the thin planar detector. For a grazing angle beam, however, the thin planar detector achieves a better time resolution because it has a lower pixel capacitance, and therefore suffers less from jitter in the analog front-end for the low charge signals that mainly occur in this type of measurement. Finally, it is also shown that the 3D and thin planar detector can achieve time resolutions for large clusters of about 100 ps and 250 ps, respectively, by combining many single hit measurements.
Moisture and temperature influences on nonlinear vegetation trends in Serengeti National Park
Authors: Huang Ningyuan , Mondal Pinki , Cook Benjamin I , McDermid Sonali
Published: August 2021

While long-term vegetation greening trends have appeared across large land areas over the late 20th century, uncertainty remains in identifying and attributing finer-scale vegetation changes and trends, particularly across protected areas. Serengeti National Park (SNP) is a critical East African protected area, where seasonal vegetation cycles support vast populations of grazing herbivores and a host of ecosystem dynamics. Previous work has shown how non-climate drivers (e.g. land use) shape the SNP ecosystem, but it is still unclear to what extent changing climate conditions influence SNP vegetation, particularly at finer spatial and temporal scales. We fill this research gap by evaluating long-term (1982–2016) changes in SNP leaf area index (LAI) in relation to both temperature and moisture availability using Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition and Principal Component Analysis with regression techniques. We find that SNP LAI trends are nonlinear, display high sub-seasonal variation, and are influenced by lagged changes in both moisture and temperature variables and their interactions. LAI during the long rains (e.g. March) exhibits a greening-to-browning trend reversal starting in the early 2000s, partly due to antecedent precipitation declines. In contrast, LAI during the short rains (e.g. November, December) displays browning-to-greening alongside increasing moisture availability. Rising temperature trends also have important, secondary interactions with moisture variables to shape these SNP vegetation trends. Our findings show complex vegetation-climate interactions occurring at important temporal and spatial scales of the SNP, and our rigorous statistical approaches detect these complex climate-vegetation trends and interactions, while guarding against spurious vegetation signals.
Dynamic global vegetation models underestimate net CO2 flux mean and inter-annual variability in dryland ecosystems
Authors: MacBean Natasha , Scott Russell L , Biederman Joel A , Peylin Philippe , Kolb Thomas , Litvak Marcy E , Krishnan Praveena , Meyers Tilden P , Arora Vivek K , Bastrikov Vladislav , Goll Daniel , Lombardozzi Danica L , Nabel Julia E M S , Pongratz Julia , Sitch Stephen , Walker Anthony P , Zaehle Sönke , Moore David J P
Published: August 2021

Despite their sparse vegetation, dryland regions exert a huge influence over global biogeochemical cycles because they cover more than 40% of the world surface (Schimel 2010 Science
327 418–9). It is thought that drylands dominate the inter-annual variability (IAV) and long-term trend in the global carbon (C) cycle (Poulter et al 2014 Nature
509 600–3, Ahlstrom et al 2015 Science
348 895–9, Zhang et al 2018 Glob. Change Biol. 24 3954–68). Projections of the global land C sink therefore rely on accurate representation of dryland C cycle processes; however, the dynamic global vegetation models (DGVMs) used in future projections have rarely been evaluated against dryland C flux data. Here, we carried out an evaluation of 14 DGVMs (TRENDY v7) against net ecosystem exchange (NEE) data from 12 dryland flux sites in the southwestern US encompassing a range of ecosystem types (forests, shrub- and grasslands). We find that all the models underestimate both mean annual C uptake/release as well as the magnitude of NEE IAV, suggesting that improvements in representing dryland regions may improve global C cycle projections. Across all models, the sensitivity and timing of ecosystem C uptake to plant available moisture was at fault. Spring biases in gross primary production (GPP) dominate the underestimate of mean annual NEE, whereas models’ lack of GPP response to water availability in both spring and summer monsoon are responsible for inability to capture NEE IAV. Errors in GPP moisture sensitivity at high elevation forested sites were more prominent during the spring, while errors at the low elevation shrub and grass-dominated sites were more important during the monsoon. We propose a range of hypotheses for why model GPP does not respond sufficiently to changing water availability that can serve as a guide for future dryland DGVM developments. Our analysis suggests that improvements in modeling C cycle processes across more than a quarter of the Earth’s land surface could be achieved by addressing the moisture sensitivity of dryland C uptake.
Incorporating water availability into autumn phenological model improved China’s terrestrial gross primary productivity (GPP) simulation
Authors: Peng Jie , Wu Chaoyang , Zhang Xiaoyang , Ju Weimin , Wang Xiaoyue , Lu Linlin , Liu Yibo
Published: August 2021

Ecosystem models provide an effective approach to quantify the terrestrial carbon cycle, but the lack of accurate phenological information prevents them from better simulations of the physical processes. Compared with spring phenology (i.e. the start of the growing season, SOS), the vegetation phenology in autumn (the end of the growing season, EOS) is not well-simulated and it is challenging to incorporate vegetation phenology into ecosystem models. The simulation of EOS based on temperature and photoperiod was widely accepted, such as Delpierre et al (2009 Agric. For. Meteorol.
149 938–48)’s model (DM), yet its accuracy has not been fully discussed at a regional scale. Here, we developed a regional autumn phenological model (DMS) with inputs of temperature, photoperiod, and water availability for China’s terrestrial ecosystems. The new DMS model significantly improved the representation of EOS in terms of the lower root mean square error (RMSE), higher model efficiency, and a higher percentage of significant correlation with the referenced EOS. We observed widespread delaying trends of EOS with an average rate of 0.1 d yr−1 for vegetated areas over 2001–2018. We further incorporated the improved EOS into the boreal ecosystem productivity simulator (BEPS) and found that the phenology-modified BEPS model had better performances in predicting annual gross primary productivity (GPP) with ∼28% lower RMSE than the original model when testing against GPP measurements from flux tower sites. From 2001 to 2017, the interannual GPP simulated by the modified BEPS model showed an increasing trend with a rate of 6.0 g C m−2 yr−2. In conclusion, our study proves that water availability is of great significance for modeling autumn phenology, and the incorporation of phenological dates into an ecosystem model is helpful for productivity simulation.
Sustainable Fiber Reinforced Self-Compacting Concrete with Carbon and Glass Fiber Addition And Its Economic and Environmental Significance
Authors: Sharma Ankit , Mehra Priyansha
Published: August 2021

Concrete is the most popular material in the construction sector and due to its popularity and use it has become the largest contributor to the environment also. This is primarily due to the fact that production of concrete consumes Portland cement which consumes high amount of energy and considerable CO2 emissions. It becomes mandatory to search for suitable alternatives of cement. Different kinds of industrial by-products, such as wood ash, solid waste incinerator bottom ash, solid waste incinerator fly ash, metakaolin, cement kiln dust, graphene oxide, agro-industrial by-products, electric arc furnace dust, and coal bottom ash, may to some extent replace cement and thereby reduce the environmental impact on the planet earth from the use of concrete as a construction material. Self-compacting concrete (SCC) is a flowable concrete mixture which has been given viscosity through adding up of different forms of admixtures that give the composite flexibility. Because of its extremely fluid nature, this concrete can be used in complicated situations as well as around parts of complex strengthening. SCC is an extremely flowable kind of material that does not need the same amount of mechanical vibration to be put as standard concrete. SCC is non-isolating concrete that moves with flexibility under the influence of gravity, with the adjunct of super-plasticizers and viscosity modifiers.
Assessing the Surface Water Quality of Ana Sagar Lake and its Bioremediation in Modified Constructed Wetland
Authors: Syed Zainab , Sonu Kumar , Dongre Aman , Sogani Monika
Published: August 2021

The present study evaluates the potential of an integrated Constructed Wetland and Microbial Fuel Cell (CW-MFC) in removing Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), nitrate and phosphate along with generating electricity from the polluted water of Ana Sagar Lake, Ajmer. Two vertical downward flow CW-MFCs have been investigated (with and without plant) in batch mode for a period of 12 months. The performance of CW-MFC with the plant (system A) was better than the CW-MFC without the plant (system B), both in terms of COD, TDS, nitrate and phosphate removal and electricity generation. Dracaena trifasciata plant species were used in this study. The maximum power density of 157 mW/m2, current density of 0.65 mA/m2, COD removal efficiency (72%), TDS reduction (74%), nitrate removal (69%) and phosphate removal (69%) were obtained with System A. The germination rate of Vigna radiata seeds was 100% with the effluent from system A. At the end of the experiment the FTIR analysis revealed the structural changes occurring on the CW-MFC media (sand) after removal of pollutants present in the lake water.
Condition Assessment of Induced Draught Cooling Towers Located In Different Climatic Regions of India
Authors: Anwar Rizwan , Reddy T V G , Mundra Sanjay , Ojha P N , Singh Brijesh
Published: August 2021

Induced Draft Cooling Towers (IDCT) are an important industrial structures, which removes the heat absorbed in the circulating cooling water systems of thermal power plants. The cooling tower in general comprises of RCC members’ viz. Column, Beam, Slab, Wall, Louvers, Fanstack Shell etc. The process of operation is itself an important factor which affects the durability of members of IDCTs, due to which the RCC members of IDCT are subjected to varying exposure condition, some members are continuous under water, some are partially submerged, some have alternate drying & wetting and some are completely dry. Due to different exposure conditions of RCC members of these structures generally shows very contrasting states of distress i.e. varying from apparently un-distressed to highly distressed state. Apart from process of operation of IDCTs, the other important factors that affect the durability of these RCC structures are presence of Chloride in water being cooled & Chloride in concrete present during the construction and carbonation due to aging of concrete. The RCC structures were assessed by various Non-Destructive evaluation techniques and deterioration mechanisms were established. The present paper highlights the findings of condition assessment studies of selected IDCTs located in different climatic regions of India.
A Study of Multi Criteria Decision Analysis of Accident data for Indian states
Authors: Sharma Pankaj , Jain J K , Kallaa Pawan , Kumar Parveen
Published: August 2021

Traffic accident is a great worry for traffic safety experts and city planners and authorities because it leads to serious and non-serious injuries, loss of human life and some material loss also. The major causes of traffic accidents has been due to interaction of person, motor vehicle, road and situation. It has been observed that in some states or cities or areas traffic accidents occur very frequently as compared to other states or places. By adopting Multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) techniques, the ranking of various Indian states is carried out based on 11 evaluative criteria. By considering these evaluative criteria, like the fatal accidents, grievous injury accidents, minor injury accidents, severity of road accidents, eleven traffic safety criteria are adopted. In the first stage of the model, these eleven criteria has been given weights as per Entropy Weight Method (EWM). In the second phase, ten Indian States have been ranked based on these eleven criteria by adopting Technique of Order Preference Similarity to the Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) method. The attained results show which of the state is best ranked. Using these eleven criteria, the proposed model evaluates the road safety performance for a given set of 10 Indian states.
A Case Study of Pedestrian Facility at Rangpo Traffic Intersection (Sikkim)
Authors: Kiroung Sherpa Uden , Bomzon Upama , Sarkar Sajal
Published: August 2021

The risk to pedestrians increases as vehicular traffic increases, especially in developing countries where pedestrian movement is not given much consideration in design considerations. In hilly areas, pedestrian facilities such as foot paths and foot over bridges are available, but pedestrian crossings are not available at most of the busy intersections. The lack of dedicated pedestrian crossings causes pedestrians to cross at random, disrupting traffic flow and increasing pedestrian danger. In this analysis, a busy unsignalized intersection is investigated. This is a three-arm intersection leading to Majhitar, Rorathang and Teesta. A detailed traffic study (traffic volume and vehicle types) and pedestrian volume data is collected for each am. The information gathered is evaluated, and recommendations for engineering design and planning elements of pedestrian facilities along roadways and at road crossings are made.
Kinetic studies on copper metal leaching from e-waste using organic acid
Authors: Prabhudev Ch. , Shree Lakshmi V. , Kavuri N.C. , Shaik Eennu A.
Published: August 2021

Accumulation and disposal of e-waste is a problem that our society faces today. Metal recovery from e-waste is normally achieved by hydrometallurgy, which is a slow and hazardous process that has a negative environmental effect and high operating costs. In this study bioleaching of e-waste was performed in a batch reactor using acetic acid. The most common metals found in e-waste are copper and silver. The kinetics of the reaction between e-waste dissolved in acetic acid was studied and it was determined to be a first-order reaction with a regression coefficient of 0.99.
Comparative Study On Effect Of Various FRP Wrappings With Varying Patterns On Load Bearing Capacity Of Confined Concrete Columns
Authors: Nikhil Kumar P. , Achyutha Kumar Reddy M.
Published: August 2021

Retrofitting of concrete structures has become an alarming need considering the hazards to which they are exposed these days. The age of the structure is directly proportional to the vulnerability towards damage and this calls for immediate care to be taken. Strengthening of key structural members like columns is one of the methods which can affect the overall strength on a large scale. Among the various retrofitting and strengthening methods available, Fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) wrapping is considered to be easily workable and also affects the structural integrity on a very minimal scale. In this experimental study, RCC columns are wrapped using Carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP), Glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) and Polypropylene fiber reinforced polymer (PFRP) with varying configurations of wrapping to check their efficiency in improving the load carrying capacity and deflection under the application of axial load. The fibre fabric employed in this study is bidirectional. It has been concluded that the concrete columns wrapped with CFRP have higher load bearing capacity and better resistance against deflection compared to other columns deployed using the remaining two fibres.
SWAT hydrological modelling for non-Himalayan catchment of Sone River in India
Authors: Krishnan Anish , Akhtar M.P. , Roy L.B.
Published: August 2021

This paper reports a study on simulation of rainfall-runoff for the Sone river catchment extending from Bansagar to Indrapuri Barrage in India using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool over a period of three years (2011-2013) to assess basin water availability. The model includes a hydrologic model coupled with a simplified flow routing model. The study area is delineated using GIS tools with implementation of SWAT model using Arc-SWAT software. The river basin is sub-divided into smaller catchments. Each catchment is further divided into several hydrological response units (HRUs), based on similarity with respect to terrain slope, land use/land cover and soil characteristics. The developed model was calibrated and validated with observed data with certain statistical parameters. Observed data and model computed data were compared and found to be quite good in agreement. It is indicative of that the model is suitable with realistic assessment of its parameters in the study area (Sone River Basin) with certain known limitations. Accurate Sone River Discharge prediction through developed model with data for sufficient time span would lead to realistic assessment of water availability of Sone River at Indrapuri Barrage. That will ease the way to resolve the persisting impasse amongst three riparian co-basin states namely Madhya Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh and Bihar within Indian Territory on the issue of Sone basin water share.
Geospatial approach to determine Soil bearing capacity of Nagpur city, Maharashtra India
Authors: Khan Farhan , Das Bhumika
Published: August 2021

Geological Information System (GIS) is a technique which can make geotechnical investigation easy for engineering purpose. It helps the engineer to analyze the ground data before physical inspection of the site. The area of research is the Nagpur district of Maharashtra, India. The topographic sheet for Nagpur is 55K/16 and 55O/4 of 2010. The Major purpose of this research was to determine the bearing capacity map, Contour map, and total land cover/land use map for a different purpose. From the above map, it will be easier for engineers to decide the type of Foundation and the trend of development across the city. Earlier, there was no method to store bore log and soil data to the exact location of the borehole, but today with the help of the Geospatial technique, researchers can assign soil data with every borehole. Nowadays, urbanization is speedily taking place due to which proper utilization is necessary for land according to its strength and properties. In this research, the author wants to collect different satellite imageries of Nagpur city and bore logs comprising of geotechnical data. The predicted outcome should show the contour map, elevation map, changes in land use pattern, and bearing capacity across the city. These help the researcher and engineers who are working in the same area for future site selection.
Sustainable Strategies for Management of Protected Areas-case of Okhla Bird Sanctuary, Delhi
Authors: Garima  , Chandra Tarush
Published: August 2021

Protected areas (PAs) are the geographical regions recognized to achieve the long-term conservation of nature with associated ecosystem services and cultural values (Keenleyside et al., 2012). The present scenario of majority of protected areas reflects the negative face of the development which leads to stress in ecological areas due to lack of management and monitoring. Urban growth and industrial development in Indian cities of Delhi and Gautambudh Nagar have an uncontrolled increase in built up areas. These activities ultimately have put an adverse impact on the ecology of Okhla Bird Sanctuary (Urfi, 2003). This study deals with recommending sustainable strategies based on Ecosystem Approach to prevent degradation of Protected area.
The Impact of Energy Internet Enterprise Construction on Power Grid Business Organization Mechanism
Authors: He Mingjun , Zhang Penghui , Liu Shuxiao
Published: August 2021

The construction of Energy Internet enterprises by power grid enterprises is a key decision for power grid enterprises to grasp the major strategic opportunities, and a key measure for power grid enterprises to deeply understand the internal and external strategic situation and continuously lead of the transformation and development of energy and power. As the core measure, the construction of operation mechanism of power grid business organization needs to clearly study and judge the external environmental factors’ new situation, new influence and new requirements faced by the construction of Energy Internet enterprises such as policies, market, technology, so as to deeply grasp the opportunities and challenges faced by the construction of Energy Internet enterprises.
Analysis on Formative Factors of New energy Industries Agglomeration at the Background of Digitalization-Evidence from Yangtze River Delta
Authors: Lingyu Li , Qing Wu
Published: August 2021

Based on the formative factors of the formation of new energy industry cluster in the Yangtze River Delta, this paper uses the location quotient and industrial agglomeration index to make a comprehensive regression analysis on the panel data of the Yangtze River Delta from 2010 to 2019, and concludes that local energy dependence, economic development level, scientific research investment and output level are the main driving factors for the formation of new energy industry cluster in the Yangtze River Delta. Therefore, we should promote the formation of new energy industry cluster by improving the level of public service facilitation, relying on digital policy development, improving the technological innovation system, accurately positioning energy dependence and demands, as well as increasing the proportion of return on investment.
Analysis on the uncertainty factors of pumped storage power station construction investment under the Chinese characteristic power market environment
Authors: Zhang Yushan , Dai Yingge
Published: August 2021

Pumped storage power stations provide security and support for the new power system with new energy as the main body. Pumped storage power stations are encouraged to participate in the spot electricity market and form electricity price in a competitive way. Based on the identification of the uncertain factors and the calculation of price fluctuation of the pumped storage power station participating in the electric power spot market with Chinese characteristics in the electric power market environment, this paper adopts the sensitivity analysis method to analyze the impact of the change rate of the price spread on the internal rate of return on capital of the pumped storage power station in the trading day, and draws the following conclusions according to the calculation examples:When the sensitivity coefficient is positive, the extraction spread is greater than the benchmark extraction spread by 25%, and with the increase of the extraction spread, the internal rate of return is greater.
Correlation Analysis of Runoff-Electricity Price-Load in Cascade Hydropower Spot Market
Authors: Yanmei Zhu , Shuai Zhang , Jinlong Wang , Weibin Huang , Shijun Chen
Published: August 2021

Runoff, electricity price, and load are the main random variables in the cascade hydropower spot market. The inter-influence, intertwining and coupling relationship among the three increase the difficulty of power market operation. For this reason, this study first used the system dynamics method to draw the causal circuit diagram of the correlation between power station runoff, discharge price and full network load in the spot market, revealed the correlation mechanism of the three, and analyzed the correlation between the three based on the actual data of the spot market. The results show that there is a significant correlation between the three variables. The price of clearing electricity is positively correlated with the load of the whole network, the correlation coefficient is as high as 0.5238, and the price of clearing electricity is negatively correlated with the reservoir runoff, showing a certain degree of complementarity.
Effect of Die Design parameters on materials processed by Equal Channel Angular Pressing
Authors: Gupta Bhuwan , Kapoor Arshit , Singhal Abhishek , Mohan Agarwal Krishna
Published: August 2021

Equal Channel Angular Pressing technique is used for grain refinement in bulk materials, where the material is passed through the die in which the two channels intersect at some angle, that result in finer grains. There are number of die design parameters which affects the production of ultra-fine grains. This paper presents the effect of die design parameters such as channel angle, corner angle, several passes and route followed for processing of the material for grain refinement. The results of different parameters are compared, and it was observed that the optimum values for producing maximum shear strain is for channel angle 90° and it reduces with the increase in channel angle. About 20° corner angles is found to suitable for filling the corner gap, around 4 to 6 passes, and route Bc leads to the ultrafine grained structure of homogeneous equiaxed grains separated by high angle grain boundaries in the materials. The sample of Al-TiO2 was prepared and its microstructure and mechanical properties were tested after equal channel angular pressing.
Prognostics and health management of induction motor by supervised learning classifiers
Authors: Jigyasu R , Shrivastava V , Singh S
Published: August 2021

Current occasions are tied in with being modern and bringing down the expense of working the framework. Albeit the underlying interest in the framework can’t be changed, which is fixed, the methodology is to bring down the expense of activity of the machine with the goal that the support cost is limited since the chance of disappointment will be lower. The machine might be in a distant area where physically checking the status or performing upkeep won’t be effective. Accordingly, to improve execution and increment plant profitability, predictive support can be planned in such a way that numerous machines can be overhauled simultaneously. What’s more, this will expand the general uptime of the plant all in all. For most machines, condition monitoring is a custom-fitted way to deal with predictive support. Also, late patterns show that AI is the quickest and most proficient approach to accomplish the ideal answer for this issue. In this work, predictive maintenance is done for two major occurring faults broker rotor bar and bearing faults. Time-domain analysis has been used to develop hundred feature vectors, which are utilized for training, testing, and validation. The best suitable classifier model to predict faults is developed after comparison of Artificial Neural Network, Ensemble, and Decision Tree smart classifiers based on model accuracy. Out of these, the maximum accuracy is obtained by Artificial Neural Network.
An investigation into Parametric Modelling and FDM based Rapid Prototyping of Lumbar Spine
Authors: Manikandan H , Ojha S Anjani Kumar
Published: August 2021

Low back pain is the acute problem faced by workforce in the world today. Four out of five adults experience significant low back pain sometimes during their life. Mostly, low back pain problem can only be solved by operations. Each time doctors carrying out operations need to study the patient spine. The objective of the present work is to generate parametric model of lumbar spine using event driven programming approach of Visual Basic 6.0 and CATIA V5 R10. In parametric modelling, the features are parameterized by giving them meaningful labels and relationships between parameters in the entire model rather than giving only fixed numeric values. The output of the developed model is compared with the specimen samples of lumbar spine. Additive manufacturing using FDM (Fused Deposition Modelling) is used for 3D printing the spine model. Thus, the present work will give an insight into additive manufacturing of patient specific model and analyze the outcome before the clinical procedures.
Experimental evaluation of diesel engine operating with A TERNARY BLEND (BIODIESEL-DIESEL-ETHANOL)
Authors: Vishnoi Pradeep Kumar , Gautam Puneet Singh , Maheshwari Peeyush , Samant Tarun Singh , Gupta V. K.
Published: August 2021

The present investigation aims to study the future potential fuel of a non-edible tamanu oil (calophyllum inophyllum). The raw oil of tamanu oil was converted into biodiesel in two-step esterification process and different test fuel blends with biodiesel were prepared with conventional diesel and ethanol as an additive to evaluate its effect on engine characteristics such as BP, BTE, and BSFC, EGT and smoke density on a 4.4 kW rated power, single-cylinder four-stroke of constant rpm C.I. engineat different loads (25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% of rated power). The fuel blends were prepared with biodiesel in the ratio of 40%,100% coded as B40 and B100 respectively along with diesel fuel and ethanol as an additive in the fixed ratio of 10%, 15%, and 20%. It was found that B40E20D40 showed a reduction in smoke density and BSFC of 14.28% and 5.9% respectively, 18.3% increase in BTE and 3.73% reduction in exhaust gas temperature at full load whereas B100 showed a maximum reduction in smoke density of 15.97% with 4.53% increase in BSFC and a marginal increase in EGT of 0.53%. B40E20D40 gave a better performance in a diesel engine from the perspective of minimum BSFC, lower exhaust gas temperature and higher BTE among all other blends.
Experimental analysis and theoretical validation of C.I. engine performance and combustion parameters using zero-dimensional mathematical model fuelled with biodiesel and diesel blends
Authors: Gautam• Puneet Singh , Vishnoi Pradeep Kumar , Maheshwari Peeyush , Samant Tarun Singh , Gupta V. K.
Published: August 2021

The present work aims to analyze the experimental and numerical investigation on performance such as brake power (BP), brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC), brake thermal efficiency (BTE), and combustion parameters (in-cylinder pressure, heat release rate) on a 4.4 kW single-cylinder four-stroke C.I. engine running on biodiesel extracted from tamanu oil and diesel. A two-zone, zero-dimensional mathematical model was developed by using thermodynamic laws and cylinder volume, Wiebie’s co-relation, in-cylinder pressure, heat transfer model, engine friction model was developed to validate the above engine performance parameters and analyze the combustion parameters comprising of in-cylinder pressure, in-cylinder temperature, net heat release rate at different loads with single varying-parameter i.e. equivalence ratio while other parameters engine speed, compression ratio, injection timing were kept constant. It was found that the theoretical results were in good agreement with the experimental results for straight diesel and its blends with biodiesel.
Finite element simulation of residual stresses in welded steel butt joints and their experimental verification and mitigation
Authors: Eswara V , Jaggannadha Rao D V N J , Seetharama Rao Y
Published: August 2021

The localized, intense, and moving heat source existing in welded fabrication results in residual stresses and distortion. Residual stresses remain inside the material even after the external forces or thermal gradients are removed after welding. Residual stresses decrease fatigue life of the welded joint leading to premature failures and associated distortion cause problems in fitment during assembly. Estimation of residual stresses before actual fabrication is essential for elimination or mitigation after fabrication. In this work, finite element thermomechanical analyses are carried out to estimate the levels of residual stresses of thin welded similar butt joints of 1018 steel and SS 304 steel. The numerically obtained results of the joints are compared with experimental results of identical joint geometry, welding conditions, and material properties existing in the literature. The comparison of numerically obtained thermal histories with those from experiments yielded good agreements. Longitudinal residual stresses are found to be dominant and comparison of these longitudinal stresses with experimental data also found to be in good agreements. Further, the levels of residual stresses are computed with three different preheat temperatures (600°C, 700°C and 800°C) to study the effect of preheating temperature in the mitigation of residual stresses. It has been found that the peak value of longitudinal stress decreased considerably with preheat temperature. Increasing preheat temperature has a marginal reduction in the peak value of longitudinal stress.
Application of thermal spraying process in advancement of welding Technology
Authors: Husain Syed Qaisar , Sharma Divyansu , Singh Vikash , Varshney Gagan , Bhati Girendra , Singh Sudesh , Raja Avinash Ravi
Published: August 2021

In the contemporary world, with the incubation of advanced technologies and tremendous outbursts of research works, simplification of large cumbersome tasks with assets to saving time and money is perhaps one of the most crucial aspects in the current scenario. This paper focuses primarily on advancing welding technology using thermal spraying as the major tool for improving the cost, labor and time associated with some of the common welding processes. The analysis has been carried out on mild steel plates having the thickness of 3 mm & 4 mm thick. This has indeed provided multi-faceted benefits such as weldability of similar and dissimilar metals keeping in mind the quality of welded joint, cost of operation and minimizing time for achieving optimum results etc. The study has also compared different welding processes to that of thermal spraying for achieving the same results based on well-defined parameters, as discussed in further sections. Ultimately, now with thermal spraying a plethora of processes can be accompanied such as coating, cladding etc, in addition to welding technology as well.