bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Crime Salience and Public Willingness to Pay for Child Saving and Juvenile Punishment
Authors: Baker Thomas , Cleary Hayley M. D. , Pickett Justin T. , Gertz Marc G.
Published: October 2013

Public policy in the area of youth crime has periodically shifted back and forth between punishment and child saving. Generally, scholars believe that public opinion and youth justice policies are linked. It is also believed that crime salience—fear and perceived risk of victimization—is linked to public opinion about youth sanctions. To test these widely held beliefs, this study examines public opinion about youth justice policies by exploring the impact of crime salience on public support for child saving versus youth punishment. This study expands on prior literature by also considering the public’s willingness to pay (WTP) for the youth justice policies they prefer. Results indicate that fear increases punitiveness, WTP for youth justice policies generally, and, more specifically, the WTP for youth punishment. However, fear does not affect the public’s WTP for child saving. Limitations and suggestions for future research are discussed.
A dispositional approach to psychological climate: Relationships between interpersonal harmony motives and psychological climate for communication safety
Authors: Wang Jie , Leung Kwok , Zhou Fan
Published: October 2013

This study examined the dispositional antecedents of a climate at the individual level, psychological climate for communication safety. The impact of two interpersonal harmony motives, harmony enhancement and disintegration avoidance, on psychological climate for communication safety, innovative performance and the moderated mediated processes associated with job autonomy were examined in a survey study in China. Results showed that harmony enhancement was positively related to innovative performance through psychological climate for communication safety. Moreover, job autonomy moderated the relationship between harmony motives and psychological climate for communication safety. Harmony enhancement was more strongly associated with psychological climate for communication safety when job autonomy was low. The relationship between disintegration avoidance and psychological climate for communication safety was positive when job autonomy was high, but negative when job autonomy was low. Conditional indirect effects consistent with these interaction effects were also found.
Subversive functionalism: For a less canonical critique in critical management studies
Authors: Koss Hartmann Rasmus
Published: October 2013

Critical management studies (CMS) is increasingly recognized as a distinct and institutionalized field of research within organization and management scholarship. That institutionalization, however, has been a cause for both optimism and concern about what holds the project together and how it might develop in the future. In an effort to provide a constructive direction for further development, Spicer et al. (2009) suggest the orienting concept of ‘critical performativity’ and several tactics for realizing it. I contend that realizing a critically performative agenda is likely to be impeded by the increasingly institutionalized canon of acceptably critical perspectives in CMS, and suggest how it might alternatively be realized by expanding existing canons to include subversive readings of mainstream theory. To this end, I present a set of tactics for this sort of ‘subversive functionalism’ focused on deeper theoretical engagement and exploration of implications, alternatives and integration.
Subjecting Pleasure
Authors: Das Smita
Published: October 2013

This article explores the threat posed by the Afro-Asian body in Claude McKay’s novels, Banjo (1929) and Banana Bottom (1933). Banjo’s narrative of transracial alliances converges onto the body of the Afro-Asian prostitute, whose positioning as a “conjunction” exposes contradictions surrounding immigration within French liberalism. Banana Bottom also maps a conflictual relationship between a licentious Afro-Asian coolie woman, and a Black subject who both wrestle with attaining national belonging within an idyllic Jamaica. While Banjo reveals McKay’s yearnings for transnational Black affiliations without the Afro-Asian woman, Banana Bottom reconciles the wrought relations between Black middle-class Jamaicans and the bastardized “coolie gal.”
Heterogeneities and physical properties of ethylene-vinyl acetate foams containing calcium carbonates
Authors: Alpire-Chavez Manoel , Azevedo Joyce B , Freitas Romulo F , Rabello Marcelo S
Published: October 2013

This work investigated the effect of type (natural or precipitated) and content of calcium carbonate in ethylene-vinyl acetate foams produced by compression moulding. This processing technique generates various types of heterogeneities in the product, like differences between the skin and the core. The differences in temperature on the mould surface also have a major influence in foam properties. The hardness was shown to vary widely from place to place in moulded samples, and this was related to local variations in temperature. The analysis of the effect of calcium carbonate showed that the precipitated one yield better physical properties like density, hardness and elastic modulus.
The Politics and Statistics of Value-Added Modeling for Accountability of Teacher Preparation Programs
Authors: Lincove Jane Arnold , Osborne Cynthia , Dillon Amanda , Mills Nicholas
Published: October 2013

Despite questions about validity and reliability, the use of value-added estimation methods has moved beyond academic research into state accountability systems for teachers, schools, and teacher preparation programs (TPPs). Prior studies of value-added measurement for TPPs test the validity of researcher-designed models and find that measuring differences across programs is difficult. This study is the first to examine the reliability and usefulness of a value-added model for TPPs developed through a collaborative stakeholder process and mandated by state law for use in accountability. Based on the experience of developing a test-based metric for Texas TPPs, our results suggest that although value-added results are statistically robust, accountability status for individual programs is very sensitive to decisions about accountability criteria, the selection of teachers, and the selection of control variables.
Future Challenges for Global Tourism
Authors: von Bergner Nele Marisa , Lohmann Martin
Published: October 2013

Tourism is a complex system within a dynamic framework that is exposed to rapid and challenging developments. The existing tourism research does not fully address the nature of the global, intertwined challenges that may affect and shape the worldwide tourism system in the future with respect to both the industry and society. This article contributes to eliminating this knowledge gap using an exploratory Delphi survey that seeks to identify the most prominent challenges to global tourism through 2020 and to understand their nature, drivers, and effects. The five proposed meta-challenges demonstrate the complexity of the interrelations and interdependencies affecting the future of the global tourism system. These meta-challenges may also be regarded as constituting a strategic road map for global tourism in a complex and dynamic world.
“Trust” in Hobbes’s Political Thought
Authors: Baumgold Deborah
Published: October 2013

“Trust” is not usually considered a Hobbesian concept, which is odd since it is central to the definition of a covenant. The key to understanding Hobbes’s concept of trust is to be found in his account of conquest— “sovereignty by acquisition”—which is a heavily revised adaptation of the Roman justification of slavery. Hobbes introduces a distinction between servants, who are trusted with liberty, and imprisoned slaves. The servant/master relationship involves mutual trust, an ongoing exchange of benefits (protection for service and obedience), and performance monitoring. In contrast to Quentin Skinner’s and Philip Pettit’s shared concentration on the contrast between slavery and freedom, I argue that the salient analogy is between servants and subjects.The trust relationship between subjects and the sovereign involves defined roles, limited absolutism, and accountability in the early-modern form of licensing subjects to switch political allegiance should a regime fail.
Habituating Meerkats and Redescribing Animal Behaviour Science
Authors: Candea Matei
Published: October 2013

This article examines influential recent arguments in science studies which stress the interactive and mutually transformative nature of human-animal relations in scientific research, as part of a broader ontological proposal for science as material engagement with the world, rather than epistemic detachment from it. Such arguments are examined in the light of ethnography and interviews with field biologists who work with meerkats under conditions of habituation. Where philosophers of science stress the mutually modifying aspect of scientific interspecies relationality, these researchers present habituation as a way to study meerkats ‘in the wild’, and to access their putatively natural, undisturbed, behaviour. Building on this contrast, I will argue that the logic of scientific habituation remains difficult to grasp as long as we think of it exclusively in terms of human-animal relations. The seeming ‘paradox’ of habituation – the idea that it transforms precisely that which it aims to hold stable, namely the ‘wildness’ of animals – is an artefact of a frame of analysis which takes animals to be the object of the science of animal behaviour. Habituation ceases to look paradoxical, however, if we remain faithful to these researchers’ own interests, for whom the scientific object does not coincide with the animal as a whole, but is rather only a selected subset of its behaviour. In conclusion I suggest that this account of habituation sheds a new light on the articulations and disjunctions between diverse practices and commitments in social anthropology, philosophy and biological science.
Educational heterogamy
Authors: Eeckhaut Mieke C. W. , Putte Bart Van de , Gerris Jan R. M. , Vermulst Ad A.
Published: October 2013

Socio-demographic heterogamy is commonly believed to lead to lower relationship stability due to the presence of cultural differences between partners. This explanation lacks empirical support, as psychology studies have not confirmed the link between heterogamy and cultural differences, whereas sociological studies have been characterized by problems related to the choice and measurement of cultural differences. Progressing from previous research, this article examines the specific link between educational heterogamy and cultural differences in the domain of child-rearing. Results partly confirm the alternative hypotheses of child-rearing values and behaviors being subject to gender differences and processes of selection between partners. Nonetheless, they also indicate a positive link between educational heterogamy and differences in child-rearing values and behaviors between partners.
Developing complex interventions: lessons learned from a pilot study examining strategy training in acute stroke rehabilitation
Authors: Skidmore Elizabeth R , Dawson Deirdre R , Whyte Ellen M , Butters Meryl A , Dew Mary Amanda , Grattan Emily S , Becker James T , Holm Margo B
Published: October 2013

Objective:

To examine the feasibility of a strategy training clinical trial in a small group of adults with stroke-related cognitive impairments in inpatient rehabilitation, and to explore the impact of strategy training on disability.

Design:

Non-randomized two-group intervention pilot study.

Setting:

Two inpatient rehabilitation units within an academic health centre.

Participants:

Individuals with a primary diagnosis of acute stroke, who were admitted to inpatient rehabilitation and demonstrated cognitive impairments were included. Individuals with severe aphasia; dementia; major depressive disorder, bipolar, or psychotic disorder; recent drug or alcohol abuse; and anticipated length of stay less than five days were excluded.

Intervention:

Participants received strategy training or an attention control session in addition to usual rehabilitation care. Sessions in both groups were 30–40 minutes daily, five days per week, for the duration of inpatient rehabilitation.

Main outcome measures:

We assessed feasibility through participants’ recruitment and retention; research intervention session number and duration; participants’ comprehension and engagement; intervention fidelity; and participants’ satisfaction. We assessed disability at study admission, inpatient rehabilitation discharge, 3 and 6 months using the Functional Independence Measure.

Results:

Participants in both groups (5 per group) received the assigned intervention (>92% planned sessions; >94% fidelity) and completed follow-up testing. Strategy training participants in this small sample demonstrated significantly less disability at six months ( M (SE) = 117 (3)) than attention control participants ( M(SE) = 96 (14); t8 = 7.87, P = 0.02).

Conclusions:

It is feasible and acceptable to administer both intervention protocols as an adjunct to acute inpatient rehabilitation, and strategy training shows promise for reducing disability.
Free Rehabilitation Is Safe After Isolated Meniscus Repair
Authors: Lind Martin , Nielsen Torsten , Faunø Peter , Lund Bent , Christiansen Svend Erik
Published: October 2013

Background:

The optimal rehabilitation program after meniscus repair has not been established. Numerous regimens have been suggested as beneficial for meniscus healing, but no controlled trials exist in the literature.

Hypothesis:

The purpose of this prospective randomized trial was to investigate outcome with a free or a restricted rehabilitation regimen after isolated meniscus repair. The hypothesis was that free rehabilitation would result in increased failure of meniscus healing.

Study Design:

Randomized controlled clinical trial; Level of evidence, 1.

Methods:

A total of 60 patients were included in this study within 2 to 3 days after meniscus repair. No patients with concomitant ligament reconstruction or cartilage repair surgery were included. Meniscus repair was performed with the all-inside technique; only vertical meniscus lesions close to the capsule were repaired. Patients were randomized to free (n = 32) or restricted (n = 28) rehabilitation. Free rehabilitation consisted of 2 weeks (range of motion [ROM], 0°-90°, no brace) and touch weightbearing, with unrestricted activity and free ROM allowed thereafter. Restricted rehabilitation consisted of 6 weeks of hinged brace use with a gradual increase ROM to 90° and only touch weightbearing during the 6 weeks. Patients were seen for follow-up at 3 months, 1 year, and 2 years. Those patients with joint line pain at the 3-month follow-up underwent MRI scanning to evaluate meniscus healing; a subsequent arthroscopy was performed for final evaluation meniscus healing if the MRI indicated lack of meniscus healing. At follow-up, the Knee Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS), Tegner function score, pain assessment, and patient satisfaction were used to evaluate outcomes.

Results:

Eleven patients were lost to follow-up. Repeat arthroscopy in patients with persistent symptoms demonstrated partial healing or lack of healing in 28% and 36% of patients in the free and the restricted rehabilitation groups, respectively ( P = .53, nonsignificant). The KOOS and Tegner function scores were similar between groups at all follow-up times, as was patient satisfaction. Patients who underwent subsequent partial meniscectomy because of meniscus repair failure had lower KOOS score and Tegner function score than did patients without repair failure.

Conclusion:

Free rehabilitation after meniscus repair is safe and does not entail increased failure rates compared with restricted rehabilitation. Subjective and functional outcomes at 1- and 2-year follow-up were not affected by rehabilitation regimen. Clinical outcomes in patients with repair failure who underwent subsequent partial meniscectomy were poorer than in those with healed meniscus repairs. A concern is the 30% overall lack of healing for patients with isolated meniscus lesions repaired with the all-inside technique.
A Biomechanical Evaluation of All-Inside 2-Stitch Meniscal Repair Devices With Matched Inside-Out Suture Repair
Authors: Ramappa Arun J. , Chen Alvin , Hertz Benjamin , Wexler Michael , Grimaldi Bournissaint Leandro , DeAngelis Joseph P. , Nazarian Ara
Published: October 2013

Background:

Many all-inside suture-based devices are currently available, including the Meniscal Cinch, FasT-Fix, Ultra FasT-Fix, RapidLoc, MaxFire, and CrossFix System. These different devices have been compared in various configurations, but to our knowledge, the Sequent meniscal repair device, which applies running sutures, has not been compared with the Ultra FasT-Fix, nor has it been compared with its suture, No. 0 Hi-Fi, using an inside-out repair technique.

Purpose:

To assess the quality of the meniscal repair, all new devices should be compared with the gold standard: the inside-out repair. To that end, this study aims to compare the biomechanical characteristics of running sutures delivered by the Sequent meniscal repair device with 2 vertical mattress sutures applied using the Ultra FasT-Fix device and with 2 vertical mattress sutures using an inside-out repair technique with No. 0 Hi-Fi suture.

Study Design:

Controlled laboratory study.

Methods:

Paired (medial and lateral), fresh-frozen porcine menisci were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 groups: Sequent (n = 17), Ultra FasT-Fix (n = 19), and No. 0 Hi-Fi inside-out repair (n = 20). Bucket-handle tears were created in all menisci and were subjected to repair according to their grouping. Once repaired, the specimens were subjected to cyclic loading (100, 300, and 500 cycles), followed by loading to failure.

Results:

The Sequent and Ultra FasT-Fix device repairs and the suture repair exhibited low initial displacements. The Sequent meniscal repair device demonstrated the lowest displacement in response to cyclic loading. No. 0 Hi-Fi suture yielded the highest load to failure.

Conclusion:

With the development of the next generation of all-inside meniscal repair devices, surgeons may use these findings to select the method best suited for their patients.

Clinical Relevance:

The Sequent meniscal repair device displays the least amount of displacement during cyclic loading but has a similar failure load to other devices.
Arthroscopic Repair of Large U-Shaped Rotator Cuff Tears Without Margin Convergence Versus Repair of Crescent- or L-Shaped Tears
Authors: Park Jin-Young , Jung Seok Won , Jeon Seung-Hyub , Cho Hyoung-Weon , Choi Jin-Ho , Oh Kyung-Soo
Published: October 2013

Background:

For large-sized tears of the rotator cuff, data according to the tear shape have not yet been reported for repair methodology, configuration, and subsequent integrity.

Hypothesis:

The retear rate after the repair of large mobile tears, such as crescent- or L-shaped tears, is believed to be lower compared with retear rates after the repair of large U-shaped tears that are accompanied by anterior or posterior leaves of the rotator cuff.

Study Design:

Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

Data were collected and analyzed from 95 consecutive patients with a large-sized rotator cuff tear who underwent arthroscopic suture-bridge repair. Patients were divided into 2 groups: those having crescent- or L-shaped tears (mobile tear group, 53 patients) and those having U-shaped tears (U-shaped tear group, 42 patients). The integrity of the repaired constructs was determined by ultrasonography at 4.5, 12, and 24 months. Moreover, clinical evaluations were performed by using the Constant score, the American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) score, and muscle strength at intervals of 3, 6, 12, and 24 months postoperatively.

Results:

On ultrasonography at 4.5, 12, and 24 months, a retear was detected in 6, 2, and 1 patients in the mobile tear group and in 5, 2, and 1 patients in the U-shaped tear group, respectively. Significant differences in retear rates were not detected between the groups overall or at each time point. Moreover, clinical scores were similar between groups, except for the presence of a temporarily higher Constant score at 12 months in the mobile tear group. With regard to shoulder strength, between-group comparisons indicated no statistically significant difference, either in abduction or external rotation, except for the presence of temporarily higher external rotation strength at 3 months in the mobile tear group.

Conclusion:

Arthroscopic repair of large-sized rotator cuff tears yielded substantial improvements in shoulder function, regardless of tear retraction, during midterm follow-up. Moreover, the findings did not indicate significant differences in retear rates between the repair of crescent- or L-shaped tears and that of U-shaped tears either overall or at a particular time point.
Jogging After Total Hip Arthroplasty
Authors: Abe Hirohito , Sakai Takashi , Nishii Takashi , Takao Masaki , Nakamura Nobuo , Sugano Nobuhiko
Published: October 2013

Background:

Jogging has been classified as a high-impact sport, and jogging after total hip arthroplasty (THA) has not been well documented.

Purpose:

To investigate the participation rate for postoperative jogging as well as jogging parameters and the influence of jogging on implant stability and bearing wear.

Study Design:

Case-control study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

Included in this study were 804 hips in 608 patients (85 men, 523 women) who underwent THA between 2005 and 2011 with follow-up longer than 1 year. The mean patient age was 62 years (range, 26-98 years), and mean follow-up duration was 4.8 years (range, 2.3-7.8 years). Hip resurfacing arthroplasty (HRA) was performed in 81 patients and conventional THA in 527 patients. During routine postsurgical visits, patients were given a questionnaire concerning preoperative and postoperative jogging routines. For joggers, frequency, distance, duration, and velocity of jogging were recorded. Patients who did not jog postoperatively were asked to provide reasons for not jogging. Radiographs concerning implant migration and polyethylene wear were evaluated with specialized software, and serum cobalt and chromium ion concentrations were investigated for patients with metal-on-metal articulation.

Results:

A total of 33 patients (5.4%) performed jogging preoperatively, and 23 patients (3.8%) performed jogging postoperatively. Of the 23 who jogged postoperatively, conventional THA was performed in 13 patients and HRA in 10 patients. Postoperatively, joggers trained a mean of 4 times (range, 1-7 times) per week, covering a mean distance of 3.6 km (range, 0.5-15 km) in a mean time of 29 minutes (range, 5-90 minutes) per session and at a mean speed of 7.7 km/h (range, 3-18 km/h). No patient complained of pain or showed serum cobalt and chromium ion elevation greater than 7 ppb. No hip showed loosening, abnormal component migration, or excessive wear at a mean 5-year follow-up. There were 74 postoperative non-joggers with an interest in jogging. The reasons given for avoiding jogging included anxiety (45 patients; 61%); impossible because of several reasons, including pain, decreased range of motion, and muscle weakness (18 patients; 24%); and lumbar or knee pain (11 patients; 15%). Multivariate analysis revealed that male sex and a history of preoperative jogging demonstrated significant relationships with postoperative jogging.

Conclusion:

A total of 3.8% of THA patients participated in postoperative jogging. Short-term postoperative follow-up did not identify any negative influence of jogging on implant survival.
Effect of acetylation and additive on the tensile properties of wood fiber–high-density polyethylene composite
Authors: Mbarek Talel Ben , Robert Laurent , Sammouda Habib , Charrier Bertrand , Orteu Jean-José , Hugot Françoise
Published: October 2013

The wood plastic composites studied in this work are composed of high-density polyethylene matrix and Pinus pinaster wood fibers. Despite some interesting intrinsic properties, this wood plastic composite has limited mechanical properties because of the incompatibility between the polar hydrophilic fibers and the non-polar hydrophobic matrix. In this study, the effects of maleic anhydride-modified polyethylene additive, of carbon chains grafted by acetylation and of wood fiber contents on the tensile mechanical properties of the wood plastic composite were studied. Tensile tests were carried out using digital image correlation as an intrusiveness and robust method for strain measurements. Results showed first that the addition of wood fibers made the wood plastic composite stiffer but less flexible. Acetylation improved the interfacial adhesion properties: the Young modulus was increased and a lower strain at failure was reported. The coupling agent also increased the compatibility but mainly in the case where there was no grafted chain. With regard to the carbon chains, the number of grafts improved the elastic properties while their length did not appear to have any influence. Finally, a scanning electron microscope was used to characterize the post-mortem morphology of the fracture surfaces, the results of which supported the observations obtained from the tensile mechanical properties.
Evaluating the Quality of Official Community Plans in Southern British Columbia
Authors: Stevens Mark R.
Published: October 2013

This article evaluates the quality of forty official community plans in southern British Columbia, Canada, by administering a plan quality evaluation protocol based on those developed in previous studies. Results indicate that the plans are well crafted in laying out a vision for the future and specifying goals and policies to achieve the vision. Conversely, they are weak in features relating to implementation, monitoring, and evaluation, which casts doubt on the extent to which their vision statements will be realized and goals achieved. Findings corroborate those of previous researchers regarding the lack of attention paid by municipalities to plan implementation.
Atypical Vitamin B6 Deficiency
Authors: Baumgart Anna , Spiczak Sarah von , Verhoeven-Duif Nanda M. , Møller Rikke S. , Boor Rainer , Muhle Hiltrud , Jähn Johanna A. , Klitten Laura L. , Hjalgrim Helle , Lindhout Dick , Stephani Ulrich , van Kempen Marjan J. A. , Helbig Ingo
Published: October 2013

ALDH7A1 and PNPO deficiencies are rare inborn errors of vitamin B6 metabolism causing perinatal seizure disorders. The phenotypic variability, however, is broad. To assess the frequency of these deficiencies in unexplained infantile epilepsy, we screened 113 patients for mutations in both genes. We identified 1 patient with an epilepsy phenotype resembling Dravet syndrome and likely pathogenic mutations in ALDH7A1. Presenting features were highly atypical of pyridoxine-dependent epilepsy, including febrile seizures, response to anticonvulsive drugs, and periods of seizure freedom without pyridoxine treatment. “Hidden” vitamin B6 deficiencies might be rare but treatable causes of unexplained epilepsy extending beyond the classical phenotypes.
Age, Body Size, Body Image, and Fit Preferences of Male Consumers
Authors: Chattaraman Veena , Simmons Karla P. , Ulrich Pamela V.
Published: October 2013

This study examines the influence of specific physical factors (body size), demographic factors (age), and psychosocial factors (body satisfaction, social physique anxiety, and drive for muscularity) on apparel-specific (jeans, khakis, dress shirts, and polo shirts) fit preferences of male consumers. Data were collected through an online survey administered to 141 men in the age group of 19-66 years. Results revealed that increase in body size significantly predicted preferences for apparel (jeans, dress, and polo shirts) with looser fits, and jeans with higher waistlines. Increase in age also predicted preferences for dress and polo shirts with looser fits and jeans with higher waists. With respect to the body-image-related factors, increase in body dissatisfaction predicted increased preferences for dress shirts with looser fits and khakis with higher waistlines. Contrary to expectations, increase in men's drive for muscularity predicted preferences for jeans with lower waistlines. This study offers important implications and creates actionable market information on fit strategy for male consumer segments.
Coaching Preservice Teachers to Teach Play Skills to Children With Disabilities
Authors: Barton Erin E. , Chen Ching-I , Pribble Lois , Pomes Maria , Kim Young-Ah
Published: October 2013

The purpose of this article is to describe two studies that examined the effects of training and coaching on preservice teachers’ implementation of an intervention focused on teaching play to young children with disabilities. A multiple-baseline across teachers single-case research design was used to systematically examine the relation between didactic training alone and didactic training plus coaching on teachers’ use of the intervention. The results indicated that didactic training alone was not associated with changes in teacher behaviors. Training plus coaching, however, resulted in teachers’ increased use of the intervention package. Child pretend play behaviors also were examined in Study II and increased with the teachers’ high-fidelity use of the intervention. Implications for practice and research related to preservice and inservice professional development are discussed.
Overcoming Competition through Kairological Enjoyment: The Implications of Qoheleth’s Theology of Time for the Ethics of Work
Authors: Atkinson Tyler
Published: October 2013

In this essay, I seek to enhance eschatological perspectives on work through specific engagement with Qoheleth’s theology of time in Eccl. 2–3. I suggest that prior to a perceptual transformation in the first of the book’s so-called carpe diem passages, Qoheleth is dissatisfied with his labour because he construes it temporally-speaking within a chronology characterised by competition. Within such a construal, death poses the ultimate obstacle to the enjoyment of labour, because it strips away the promise of an immortal inheritance produced by human hands. What transforms Qoheleth’s relationship to labour is a new understanding of time as kairos, defined as the opportune time in which God unexpectedly intervenes in human work ‘under the sun’ and does something paradigmatically new. Under this ‘kairological’ perspective, Qoheleth assumes a posture of receipt, declaring present labour as a gift from God, with internal as well as external goods for the worker. Qoheleth’s ‘ accipe diem work ethic’ draws the eschatological ultimacy of life and peace into present labour, re-orienting eschatological understandings of work that fall prey to competitive-chronological notions of progress.
What Should a Christian Realist Presume about War?
Authors: Carnahan Kevin M.
Published: October 2013

Reinhold Niebuhr, the father of Christian realism, died in the early 1970s. Since that time, discussions in theological ethics have been dominated by two competing accounts of just-war rationality: the presumption against harm position (PAH) and the presumption against injustice position (PAI). Starting from the accounts of moral tragedy found in the PAI and PAH positions, this article argues that there are reasons for Christian realists to reject both positions. Basil Mitchell’s account of ‘cumulative case’ argumentation provides a model for arguing about war that better fits with Christian realism than either of these alternative positions.
Five-axis flank milling of dually defined twisted ruled surfaces
Authors: Papageorgiou Stavros G , Aspragathos Nikos A
Published: October 2013

This article presents an approach based on screw theory and line geometry for the flank milling of dually defined twisted ruled surfaces. The designed surface is defined by a single-parametric dual nonuniform rational basis spline representation, while the tool’s axis is represented by a dual unit vector. The machining is performed along the dually defined lines and not per point since the ruled surface is represented by an aggregate of lines. The initial locating of the tool is accomplished via dual vector algebra and line geometry. Our method results in compact algorithms and fast tool-position calculation due to the single-parametric definition of the ruled surface and to the dual orthogonal matrix operator that is utilized to spatially associate the tool and the surface. The tool path determination is based on the offset of the designed surface. An iterative algorithm is introduced to ensure interference-free tool path that eliminates overcut. The introduced approach can be applied to twisted ruled surfaces and is appropriate for the machining of blades, propellers and turbines.
It Pays to Be Herr Kaiser
Authors: Silberzahn Raphael , Uhlmann Eric Luis
Published: October 2013

In the field study reported here ( N = 222,924), we found that Germans with noble-sounding surnames, such as Kaiser (“emperor”), König (“king”), and Fürst (“prince”), more frequently hold managerial positions than Germans with last names that either refer to common everyday occupations, such as Koch (“cook”), Bauer (“farmer”), and Becker/Bäcker (“baker”), or do not refer to any social role. This phenomenon occurs despite the fact that noble-sounding surnames never indicated that the person actually held a noble title. Because of basic properties of associative cognition, the status linked to a name may spill over to its bearer and influence his or her occupational outcomes.
Evolutionary psychology and design reincarnation: A reply to Peters
Authors: Klasios John
Published: October 2013

In this riposte it will be argued that the critique by Peters (2013) of the theoretical foundation of evolutionary psychology misses the mark, and, in the process, unfortunately repeats many common and egregious misunderstandings. This reply will attempt to outline the real position of evolutionary psychologists with respect to modularity and the development, flexibility, and learning capacities of cognitive adaptations. In particular, evolutionary psychologists’ concept of the developmental target of naturally selected design will be made salient. I also aim to provide a more accurate treatment of the neurobiological and genomic issues at stake. In sum, it will be shown that Peters’ rendering of the theoretical foundation of evolutionary psychology is a straw man representation and that the real position of evolutionary psychologists is far more interesting once some of the nuances of their theoretical foundation are brought to light.
Tale taming radioactive fears: Linking nuclear waste disposal to the “continuum of the good”
Authors: Yli-Kauhaluoma Sari , Hänninen Hannu
Published: October 2013

We examine how the constructor of the world’s first repository for the final disposal of spent nuclear fuel in Eurajoki, Finland, aims to shape lay understanding of the facility’s risks and to tame the nuclear fears of the local community by producing positive associations, imagery and tales. Our empirical material consists of the constructor’s newsletters targeted mainly at the local residents. In the narrative analysis, we identified a storyline where the construction of the repository is linked into the “continuum of the good” in the municipality of the construction site and the surrounding areas. The storyline consists of five different themes all emphasizing the “continuum of the good” in the area: cultural heritage, well-being, developing expertise, natural environment, and local families. Our study contributes to the literature on pro-nuclear storytelling by showing how the inclination is towards narratives that are constructed around local symbols, cultural landmarks, and institutions.
Portraits in medical biography: Alexander Pope (1688–1744), poet, patient, celebrity
Authors: James Douglas
Published: October 2013

Portraits are underused in the medical biographies of patients, yet they can illuminate health concerns and even health itself in many ways. Tying portraiture and medicine together analytically yields many insights into Pope’s medical biography – from his response to satirical ridicule to his friends’ concern for his health – without abandoning his portraits as works of ‘art’.
Indications for and Early Complications Associated With Use of Temporary Invasive Distraction for Osteochondral Graft Transfer Procedures for Treatment of Lateral Osteochondral Lesions of the Talus
Authors: Orr Justin D. , Dutton Jason H. , Nelson James R. , Hsu Joseph R.
Published: October 2013

Background:

A recent cadaveric study demonstrated that a novel technique termed temporary invasive distraction (TID), which uses intraoperative external fixation, can improve lateral talar dome exposure for osteochondral graft transfer procedures for treatment of lateral osteochondral lesions of the talus (OCLTs). The current study was performed to report our early complications using TID during open treatment of lateral OCLTs to determine whether this technique poses any risk of increased short-term patient morbidity.

Methods:

Electronic and manual surgeon logs were searched for all cases of osteochondral graft procedures. Lateral lesions treated with TID were analyzed. Inpatient and outpatient medical records were reviewed for early complications associated with TID for this application to assess initial safety of this new technique. Complications were defined as pin tract infection, fracture, neurovascular injury, pin site pain, or pin site wound-healing problems. Complications were stratified into major and minor based on severity. Twelve consecutive patients had open osteochondral graft transfer procedures using temporary invasive distraction with and without fibular osteotomies. All patients were male, active-duty US military service members with an average age of 38.4 (range, 23.8-52.5) years.

Results:

Use of TID resulted in no early major complications and only 2 early minor complications. Minor complications included 2 cases of residual postoperative pin site pain that resolved completely at 12 weeks postoperatively. By 12 weeks postoperatively, no patients demonstrated any residual complications or symptoms related to the use of TID. At mean latest follow-up of 90.5 weeks (20.9 months), there were no residual complications directly associated with the use of the TID device.

Conclusions:

Temporary invasive distraction with use of intraoperative external fixation can be safely performed with minimal risk of increased morbidity and offers potential technical advantages during open osteochondral graft transfer procedures for treatment of lateral OCLTs.

Level of Evidence:

Level IV, retrospective chart study.
Explaining the Emergence of Indigenous–Local Intergovernmental Relations in Settler Societies
Authors: Nelles Jen , Alcantara Christopher
Published: October 2013

There has been growing interest among practitioners and academics in the emergence of intergovernmental relations between local and Aboriginal governments in Canada. Initial research has focused on describing the nature of these relations but has yet to develop any theoretical expectations regarding why some communities are more likely to cooperate than others. We address this lacuna by developing a theoretical framework for explaining the emergence of cooperation between Aboriginal and local governments. After identifying a set of variables and specifying how they are likely to affect the propensity of communities to cooperate, we conclude with a discussion of how future researchers might use this framework to investigate cooperation and noncooperation between Aboriginal and local governments in Canada and in other settler societies.
The Social Ecology of Red-Light Districts
Authors: Weitzer Ronald
Published: October 2013

Research on modern red-light districts (RLDs) is deficient in some key respects. Centered largely on street prostitution zones and nations where prostitution is illegal, this literature gives insufficient attention to settings where RLDs consist of a cluster of indoor venues that are legal and regulated by the authorities. Using classic Chicago School research on vice districts as a point of departure, this article examines the physical structure and social organization of red-light zones in two Belgian cities: Antwerp and Brussels. The comparative analysis identifies major differences in the social ecology of the two settings. Differences are explained by the distinctive ways in which each municipal government manages its respective RLD, which are related to the contrasting social backgrounds and political capital of the population residing in the vicinity of each district. Policy implications are briefly discussed.
Influence of calcium lactate and modified atmosphere on respiration rate, optical and mechanical properties of sliced persimmon
Authors: Almela C , Castelló ML , Tarrazó J , Ortolá MD
Published: October 2013

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a modified atmosphere (5% and 10% of CO2) and calcium lactate treatment on the respiratory metabolism of minimally processed persimmon. A static system to measure changes in the composition of the headspace was used. Composition, texture and colour were also analysed. Persimmon slices were evaluated immediately after the washing treatment and after the O2 composition had decreased to 17% to avoid changes in the metabolic pathway. All samples were stored at 4 ℃. The results showed that modified atmosphere did not affect compositional properties, although there was a slight increase in pH values at the end of each treatment. Calcium lactate treatment reduced the respiration rate, in terms of O2, in samples kept in air. Additionally, a calcium lactate effect was immediately observed on mechanical properties after the washing stage. On the other hand, luminosity and b* coordinate decreased in unwashed and calcium lactate samples kept in 5% CO2.
Struggling Reader or Emerging Biliterate Student? Reevaluating the Criteria for Labeling Emerging Bilingual Students as Low Achieving
Authors: Hopewell Susan , Escamilla Kathy
Published: October 2013

Data systems that use monolingual language frameworks to understand the reading achievement of third-grade students provide inadequate information about emerging bilingual (EB) learners. The authors of this research study apply two competing ideologies (parallel monolingualism and holistic bilingualism) to interpret one set of data. Their findings demonstrate that the same set of scores tells an entirely different story depending on the frames of reference and that these differences are statistically significant. Specifically, they use their analyses to problematize the impact of the Colorado Basic Literacy Act (CBLA) on the categorization of third-grade EB learners. Generalizing from the Colorado data, the authors consider the implications of their findings in a national context of increasing numbers of bilingual learners. Finally, they offer suggestions for site-based school district responses and broader state level policy implications by highlighting one school district’s response to their findings.
Taking Dogs to Tourism Activities
Authors: Hung Kuang-Peng , Chen Annie , Peng Norman
Published: October 2013

This research’s purpose is to examine the factors that affect pet owners’ decisions when taking pets to participate in tourism activities. Unlike tourist travelling alone, pet owners must consider their own circumstances as well as the constraints their pets place on them. To narrow the gap in the literature, 568 Taiwanese dog owners who have included their pets in tourism activities were recruited. The results from structural equation modeling show pet-associated constraints will negatively affect owners’ behavior. On the other hand, motivated owners who are attached to their pets will still include their pets in tourism activities if they have the needed negotiation strategy.
Strain rate and temperature effects of polymer foam core material
Authors: Williams Deborah A , Lopez-Anido Roberto A
Published: October 2013

The objective of this research is to characterize the effect of high strain rates on polymer foam shear properties at different temperatures through direct shear tests. Three strain rates were considered ranging from quasi-static to simulated wave slamming conditions. The foam core experiments, on polyvinyl chloride and styrene acrylonitrile foam, utilized a modified version of the ASTM C273 standard test procedure. The foam core material shear strength and stiffness increased by as much as 45% and 16%, respectively, over the range of strain rates. The shear strength and stiffness properties of the foam core material showed an inverse relationship with temperature.
Strolling Through Istanbul’s Beyoğlu
Authors: Sandıkcı Özlem
Published: October 2013

In this essay, I evaluate Istanbul’s Beyoğlu as a hybrid and negotiated space and investigate how the imaginary and lived experiences of space enable as well as constrain transgressive everyday practices and identity politics. Through analyzing memories, imaginations, and experiences of Beyoğlu, in particular its drag/transsexual subculture, I explore the ways in which the past and present interact under the dynamic of globalization and (re)produce Beyoğlu as a space of difference and containment. Beyond the intricacies of Istanbul’s sex trade, night life, and queer subculture, I propose that the singular district of Beyoğlu, given its geographical, historical, and social location, operates as a microcosm of the tensions and negotiations between East and West, local and global, past and present.
The Finnish Team Academy model: Implications for management education
Authors: Tosey Paul , Dhaliwal Spinder , Hassinen Jukka
Published: October 2013

This article explores an innovative model of management education, the Team Academy based in Finland, in which teams of learners create and operate real enterprises, supported by coaches. The contributions of the article are to provide insights into how the Team Academy works, and to review its implications for theories of management learning and educational design. Based on a case study of the Team Academy model, we argue that management education programmes need to be construed as artificially created learning environments, and specifically as ‘micro-cultures’ – local contexts in which pedagogical and cultural practices coalesce. The concept of a micro-culture can bring together four main attributes of learning environments, namely, social embeddedness, real-worldness, identity formation, and normative. Construing learning environments in this way has likely important implications for the theory and practice of management learning and education, since a micro-culture is a complex, emergent phenomenon that is not necessarily controllable or transferable.
Learning history in an open system: Creating histories for sustainable futures
Authors: Gearty Margaret R , Bradbury-Huang Hilary , Reason Peter
Published: October 2013

What kind of learning is required to bring us towards a more sustainable future? We argue that when behaviourally and technically complex issues intertwine, a collaborative social learning process that engages diverse actors in deep systems change is necessary. The learning required includes but overtakes debate, bringing organisations, individuals and communities into cycles of experiential, cumulative, ad hoc and opportunistic, yet systematic, learning. Current conceptualisations and approaches to learning have not been framed with the requisite level of integrated complexity given our sustainability challenges. This article introduces the action research approach of ‘learning history in an open system’ in the service of such learning. Updating the heretofore single-project focussed learning history, we present recent methodological developments for its use in open systems that support a joining up of projects and sites of endeavour to support deeper and accumulating systems’ learning. We explore the links to learning literature drawing on developments in aesthetics and arts-based action research to suggest our approach is one useful way of responding to the more general challenge of scale that concerns action researchers.