bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Emergency Service Experience following the Terrorist Attack in Mogadishu, 14 October 2017
Authors: Demirel Mustafa Enes , Ali Ibrahim Hussein , Bogan Mustafa
Published: July 2020

Background: To evaluate the trauma patients presenting at the Emergency Department (ED) of Mogadishu Somalia Turkish Training and Research Hospital following the explosion caused by a suicide bomber with a truck loaded with explosives in the Somalian capital, Mogadishu.Methods: The data of patients presenting at the hospital following the severe explosion on 14 October 2017 were accessed from the hospital information management system, patient examination forms and patient records and were retrospectively examined. Results: The patients comprised 188 (74.6%) males and mean age of 30.94±12.23 years (range, 1-80 years). 86 (34.1%) patients were marked with red code, 138 (54.8%) patients had superficial injuries. 173 (68.7%) patients were managed in the ED and 7 (2.8%) patients died on first admission in the ED. Multiple trauma injuries were detected in 43 (17.1%) patients, and 31 (12.3%) patients were admitted to Orthopedics departmentConclusion: Disaster management in a terrorist event requires rapid transport, appropriate triage, effective surgical approaches and specific postoperative care. Such a form of disaster management can be effective in reducing mortality of the injured who can be saved.
Pollution, Economic Growth and COVID-19 Deaths in India: Machine Learning Evidence
Authors: Mele Marco , Magazzino Cosimo
Published: July 2020

This study used two different approaches to demonstrate the relationship between pollution emissions, economic growth and COVID-19 deaths in India. Using a time series method and annual data for the years from 1980 to 2018, stationarity and Toda-Yamamoto tests were completed. The results from our analysis highlight unidirectional causality between economic growth and pollution variables. We then used a D2C algorithm on proportion-based causality, implementing the Oryx 2.0.8 protocol in Apache. The underlying hypothesis was that a predetermined pollution concentration, caused by economic growth, could foster COVID-19, by making the respiratory system more susceptible to infection. We used data (29th January to 18th May 2020) on confirmed deaths (total and daily) and air pollution concentration levels for 25 major Indian cities. We verified an ML causal link between PM2.5, CO2, NO2 and COVID-19 deaths. The implications require careful policy design.
Qualitative Evaluation of the General Practitioner Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases Training Programme
Authors: Zhang Chunyu , Fang Fang , Peng Mingqiang , Zhao Ying , Liu Ruixue , Jia Cunbo
Published: July 2020

Background: In China, general practitioners have limited ability to provide care for common chronic non-communicable diseases because they lack postgraduate training. In an attempt to improve general practitioners’ skills in this regard, the present authors previously launched the Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases Training Programme. The present study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of this programme.Methods: Thirty-nine trainee general practitioners who participated in the programme underwent semi-structured interviews, which explored how they performed the training, what they achieved from the programme, and their suggestions for future programmes. The interview data were analysed using a thematic analysis approach.Results: Under the guidance of supervisors, the thirty-nine trainee general practitioners completed the structured but individualised training plan, which comprised a four-day basic theory class, three months practicing in a ward, and six months assisting in an outpatient clinic. They reported an improvement in their ability to provide care for chronic non-communicable diseases and perform two-way referral, as well as their communication with patients. They also reported that, since returning to their communities, they had become more confident, were building better relationships with their patients, and had changed their clinic behaviours from copying prescriptions to making medical decisions independently. Their principal suggestion for the training programme was to alter the order of the training, as they preferred to practice in the ward before assisting in the outpatient clinic.Conclusion: The course comprised a learner-centred, practice- and apprenticeship-based, general-practitioner training programme. Given the participants’ progress and the beneficial effects of the programme reported in the interview data, it appears to be worthwhile to extend the General Practitioner Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases Training Programme.
Enolase 1 Regulates Stem Cell-Like Properties in Gastric Cancer Cells by Stimulating Glycolysis
Authors: Yang Ting , Shu Xiong , Zhang Hui-Wen , Sun Li-Xin , Yu Long , Liu Jun , Sun Li-Chao , Yang Zhi-Hua , Ran Yu-Liang
Published: July 2020

Background: Recent studies have demonstrated that gastric cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a rare sub-group of gastric cancer (GC) cells and play an important role in promoting the tumor growth and progression of GC. In the present study, we demonstrated that the glycolytic enzyme Enolase 1 (ENO1) was involved in the regulation of the stem cell-like characteristics of GC cells.Methods: Self-renewal, Chemosensitivity and invasion of GC cells were evaluated by sphere formation, Chemosensitivity assay and invasion assay respectively. Glycolysis level was examined by the Seahorse XFe/XF Analyzer. ENO1 expression was determined in 83 GC specimens by immunohistochemistry. Results: The expression of ENO1 in sphere cells markedly increased as compared to the parental cell lines PAMC-82 and SNU16. We then observed that ENO1 could enhance stem cell-like characteristics, including self-renewal capacity, cell invasion and migration, chemoresistance, and even the tumorigenicity of GC cells. ENO1 is known as an enzyme that is involved in glycolysis, and our results showed that ENO1 could markedly promote the glycolytic activity of cells. Furthermore, inhibiting glycolysis activity using 2-Deoxy-D-glucose treatment significantly reduced the stemness of GC cells. Therefore, ENO1 could improve the stemness of CSCs by enhancing the cells’ glycolysis. Subsequently, to further confirm our results, we found that the inhibition of ENO1 using AP-III-a4 (ENOblock) could reduce the stemness of GC cells to a similar extent as the knockdown of ENO1 by shRNA. Finally, increased expression of ENO1 was related with poor prognosis in GC patients. Conclusion: Taken together, our results demonstrated that ENO1 is a significant biomarker associated with the stemness of GC cells.
Model Estimates of Hospitalization Discharge Rates for Norovirus Gastroenteritis in Europe, 2004-2015
Authors: Calduch Elsa Negro , Cattaert Tom , Verstraeten Thomas
Published: July 2020

Background: Norovirus is an important cause of acute gastroenteritis globally. However, norovirus is rarely laboratory confirmed or recorded explicitly as a cause of hospitalization. In recent years, there has been an interest in using medical databases and indirect modelling methods to estimate the incidence of norovirus gastroenteritis. The objective of this study was to estimate the incidence of hospitalizations for norovirus gastroenteritis in Europe (2004- 2015) using nationwide in-patient discharge records from different European countries.Methods: National hospital discharge registers in all 28 European Union countries (at that time) and all 4 European Free Trade Association countries were contacted and invited to participate in the study. Discharges with ICD9/ICD10 codes for acute gastroenteritis (AGE) as first-listed (principal) diagnosis were extracted to assess hospitalization rates for AGE and norovirus gastroenteritis (NGE), overall, by age group, country, month, and seasonal year. To estimate NGE hospital discharge rates, a statistical model, based on the temporal patterns of occurrence of AGE, was used. Results: Data were available from 15 countries, representing 68% of the total population in Europe. Only 24.4% of all AGE discharges were coded as cause-specified. We estimated that between 2004 and 2015, the overall rate of NGE hospital discharges in Europe was 3.9 per 10,000 person-years, ranging from 1.2 (Portugal) to 10.7 (Lithuania). Norovirus was predicted to be responsible for 17% of all AGE hospital discharges in Europe in this period. Norovirus affects individuals of all ages, but NGE discharge rates were highest in children <5 years (24.8 per 10,000 person-years), and adults aged ≥80 years (10.7 per 10,000 person-years). Conclusion: We estimated that 1 in 400 hospitalizations in Europe can be attributed to Norovirus. In the absence of routine norovirus testing and recording in hospital settings, modelling methods are useful resources to estimate the incidence of norovirus gastroenteritis.
Evaluating The Implementation of The SWITCH® School Wellness Intervention Through Mixed Methods
Authors: McLoughlin Gabriella M. , Candal Priscila , Vazou Spyridoula , Lee Joey A. , Dzewaltowski David A. , Rosenkranz Richard R. , Lanningham-Foster Lorraine , Gentile Douglas A. , Liechty Laura , Chen Senlin , Welk Gregory J.
Published: July 2020

Background: School wellness programming is important for promoting academic achievement and healthy lifestyles in youth; however, research is needed on methods that can help schools implement and sustain programs on their own. The purpose of this study was to investigate factors within and outside the school environment that impacted school capacity for implementation and potential sustainability of wellness programming. Methods: As part of the School Wellness Integration Targeting Child Health (SWITCH®) intervention, elementary school wellness teams (N=30) were guided through a capacity-building process focused on promoting the adoption of healthy lifestyle behaviors in students. Data on implementation were collected through three standardized surveys and interviews (pre-mid-post) and a post-implementation interview. Indicators of organizational capacity were assessed using the School Wellness Readiness Assessment (SWRA). Paired t-tests were run to assess changes in implementation (classroom, physical education, lunchroom settings), capacity, and stakeholder engagement over time. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) tests were run to examine how implementation of best practices (low, moderate, high) explained differences in capacity gains. Qualitative data were analyzed through inductive and deductive analysis, following the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR). Results: Paired t-tests showed non-significant increases in school and setting-specific capacity and implementation of SWITCH best practices over time, in addition to a consistent level of engagement from key stakeholders. ANOVA analyses revealed positive, non-significant variances between implementation group and gains in school capacity (F[2,24]=1.63; p=.21), class capacity (F[2,24]=0.20 p=.82), lunchroom capacity (F[2,24]=0.29; p=.78), and physical education (F[2,24]=1.45; p=.25). Qualitative data demonstrated factors within the outer setting (i.e., engaging community partners) that facilitated programming. Inner-setting factors (i.e., relationships with administration and staff) significantly affected implementation. Implementation process construct themes (e.g., planning, adaptation of resources to meet school capacity/needs, and engaging students as leaders) were cited as key facilitators. Schools discussed factors impacting sustainability, such school culture and knowledge of school wellness policy. Conclusions: Findings suggest a modest but important impact of implementation on capacity change which is the primary goal of SWITCH. The results document the importance of allowing schools to adapt programming to meet their local needs.
CARL SCHMITT’İN MODERN ANAYASACILIK ELEŞTİRİSİNİN FRIEDRICH AUGUST VON HAYEK ÜZERİNDEN DÜŞÜNÜLMESİ
Authors: KANSU Akasya
Published: July 2020

Carl Schmitt’in liberal, burjuva anayasal devletinin eleştirisi, parlamenter sistemin boşlukları üzerine kurulmuştur. Friedrich August Von Hayek, Schmitt tarafından eleştirilen sistematik, liberal anayasacılığın temel bileşenlerini düşüncesinin merkezine koyar. Her ne kadar Schmitt’in modern anayasacılık eleştirileri Hayek’in düşüncesinin temelini oluşturmasa da, iki düşünürün bazı teorik noktalarda benzeştiği görülür. Bu benzerlikler, modern anayasacılık fikrinin gelişmesinde oldukça etkili olmuştur. Schmitt’in eleştirileri üzerinden yürütülen fikirler, modern burjuva anayasacılığının kimi boşlukları üzerinde akademik bir yol açılmasına neden olmuştur. Hayek’in liberal özgürlükler üzerine geliştirdiği fikirler bir yandan bazı düşünürlere örnek olsa da diğer yandan bazı eleştirilerin temelini oluşturmuştur. Bu makalede, Schmitt’in modern (liberal) anayasacılık eleştirisi, liberal teori açısından çok önemli bir yere sahip olan Hayek dolayımıyla tartışılırken, Hayek’in düşüncesinin kökenleri ise Schmitt’in kavram seti üzerinden ele alınmaktadır. Bu bağlamda makale, bir yandan Schmitt ve Hayek’in modern anayasacılıkta ayrıştıkları ve benzeştikleri sorunsalları merceğine alırken, diğer yandan güçler ayrılığı, liberalizm, bireysel özgürlükler gibi, modern anayasacılığın temel kavramlarını irdelemeyi amaçlamaktadır.
Conception and evaluation methodology of water resources carrying capacity based on three-level analysis
Authors: Lin Pengfei , You Jinjun , Wang Lin , Jia Ling , Gan Hong , Fu Yicheng
Published: July 2020

In supply-oriented water development, water is a rigid constraint on sustainable development in many parts of the world, especially in arid and semi-arid areas. The water resources carrying capacity (WRCC) concept represents the maximum socio-economic scale that can be supported by water exploitation without causing an irreversible impact on the ecosystem. In this paper, three-level framework is put forward to illustrate and quantitatively evaluate the WRCC. The first level is the principal body, which focuses on the study of water resources systems. The second level is the carried object, including the socio-economic system, water ecological system, and environment system. The third level is the coupling of the principal body and carried object to calculate the WRCC. This three-level WRCC model was applied to the load conditions of the Shiyang River Basin (SRB). The results show that the SRB is overloaded, and only 1.99 million people can be carried at the modern carrying level. The WRCC could be increased by optimizing industrial structures and improving water efficiency. This method provides a tool to help policymakers develop sustainable approaches to environmental management and planning.
Study on degradation of diesel pollutants in seawater by composite photocatalyst MnO2/ZrO2
Authors: Tian Siyao , Yu Xiaocai , Yin Danni , Wang Liping , Liao Jiaqi , Zhu Wanting
Published: July 2020

In this paper, the effectiveness of the composite photocatalyst was studied by using manganese dioxide (MnO2)/zirconium dioxide (ZrO2) to degrade diesel pollutants in seawater under visible light.The MnO2/ZrO2 photocatalyst was prepared by co-precipitation and characterized by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray powder diffraction, energy-dispersive spectroscopy and UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy analysis. This is the first report on a comprehensive analytical study on the effect of various physio-chemical parameters on diesel degradation using the synthesized MnO2/ZrO2 photocatalysts. The effects of doping ratio of MnO2/ZrO2, dosage, initial diesel concentration, calcination temperature, concentration of H2O2 solutions and illumination time on the diesel degradation were investigated. The degradation of diesel pollution in seawater was optimized by orthogonal experiment. According to the results, the prepared samples were monoclinic form and the MnO2 was successfully doped into the bulk ZrO2. The absorption edge of the MnO2/ZrO2 photocatalysts exhibited red shift, and this red shifts imply enhanced photon absorption under visible light compared with the pure ZrO2. The results showed that under optimum reaction conditions, the degradation rate can reach 92.92%. The result of this study will enable ZrO2 to make more effective use of sunlight and improve the actual value of photocatalytic technology in the field of contaminant treatment.
Influência das características do decisor sobre os vieses da heurística da representatividade
Authors: Massa Fernandes Adriano , Schnorrenberger Darci , Rengel Rodrigo
Published: July 2020

Objetivo: Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo verificar a influência das características demográficas na presença da heurística da representatividade e seus vieses na tomada de decisões.
Metodologia: Trata-se de uma pesquisa dedutiva, do tipo survey, quantitativa e descritiva. A amostra é composta por 93 alunos de Ciências Contábeis de uma universidade federal do Sul do Brasil. Utilizou-se o percentual de respostas e Regressão Logística para análise dos dados.
Resultados: Os resultados apontam que há equilíbrio ao analisar a média de respostas, sendo que 49,46% das respostas apresentam a influência de vieses da heurística da representatividade. Em contrapartida, 50,54% dos casos, os mecanismos racionais (sem viés) embasaram as decisões. Quanto as características demográficas, três dos cinco cenários apresentaram razão de chance significativa sobre a influência destes sobre as decisões de vieses da heurística de representatividade. Dentre as características, têm-se a idade, o gênero e o semestre que o respondente está cursando, como as mais significativas. Estes resultados reforçam a importância de atentar para a presença e uso de heurísticas e vieses na hora de tomar decisões e as consequências potenciais, nem sempre agradáveis, delas decorrentes.
Contribuições do Estudo: Contribui-se com a literatura e prática ao demonstrar quais características demográficas mais influenciaram a tomada de decisões com presença de vieses cognitivos.
Retorno dos bancos públicos federais versus custo de oportunidade dos recursos investidos pelo Tesouro Nacional
Authors: Campos Cristiano Rocha , Dantas José Alves , Alves Carlos André de Melo
Published: July 2020

Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar se os retornos auferidos pelos bancos públicos federais remuneram o Tesouro Nacional em proporção suficiente ou não para cobrir o custo de oportunidade do capital investido pelo governo Federal, definida como a taxa básica de juros da economia, a Selic.
Metodologia: Para isso, foram utilizadas quatro diferentes métricas de retorno econômico do capital investido pelo Tesouro, tendo por base as demonstrações do Banco do Brasil (BB), Caixa Econômica Federal (CEF), Banco Nacional do Desenvolvimento Econômico e Social (BNDES), Banco do Nordeste do Brasil (BNB) e Banco da Amazônia (BASA), de 2002 a 2018.
Resultados: Os testes empíricos paramétricos e não paramétricos revelaram que os bancos públicos federais, no conjunto, oferecem retornos econômicos superiores aos custos de captação de recursos do Tesouro Nacional. Por outro lado, quando observados individualmente: BB e CEF, que possuem atuação de varejo, oferecem resultados consistentemente superiores à Selic; BNDES e BNB, apesar de retorno nominais superiores, não registram diferença estatisticamente relevantes; e BASA registra retornos inferiores ao custo de oportunidade.
Contribuições do Estudo: Os resultados deste estudo contribuem para a melhor compreensão das relações entre o Tesouro Nacional e as instituições financeiras públicas, com a ressalva de restringir-se aos aspectos econômico-financeiros dessa relação, não contemplando inferências ou exames de dimensões como eficiência ou prioridades na aplicação de recursos públicos.
Retorno dos bancos públicos federais versus custo de oportunidade dos recursos investidos pelo Tesouro Nacional
Authors: Cristiano Rocha Campos  , José Alves Dantas  , Carlos André de Melo Alves
Published: July 2020

Banco de dados brutos de pesquisa.
AVALIAÇÃO DO DESEMPENHO DOS CENTROS DE ESPECIALIDADES ODONTOLÓGICAS DO SERIDÓ POTIGUAR NO PERÍODO DE 2012 A 2017
Authors: Garcia Silva Correia Thereza Raquel , Mendes da Veiga Pessoa Daniela
Published: July 2020

A política nacional de saúde bucal foi elaborada tendo como um dos objetivos a ampliação e qualificação da atenção especializada com a criação dos Centros de Especialidades Odontológicas (CEO). Para isso ações de monitoramento de produção se fazem necessárias na busca de uma maior efetividade das ações produzidas. O trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o desempenho dos dois CEO instalados nos municípios pólos de atenção à saúde na região Seridó Potiguar, a partir do cumprimento das metas de procedimentos clínicos propostas pela Portaria GM Nº 1.464/2011. O estudo é do tipo quantitativo, descritivo e exploratório. Para a análise de desempenho dos serviços odontológicos especializados, foi calculado o índice Cumprimento Global de Metas (CGM) para os procedimentos em endodontia, periodontia e cirurgia oral menor, extraídos do Sistema de Informação Ambulatorial do SUS (SIA-SUS).  Ambos os municípios pesquisados apresentaram desempenho insatisfatório no período avaliado, variando de ruim à regular, onde possivelmente, fatores como cobertura populacional de equipes de saúde bucal na atenção básica e falhas na referência e contra-referência para a atenção secundária apontam uma desorganização dos serviços nos diferentes níveis de atenção, causando a falta da integralidade do cuidado.

 

Palavras-chave: Saúde Bucal. Assistência Odontológica Integral. Avaliação de Serviços de Saúde.
Electroanalytical Analysis of Guaifenesin on Poly(Acridine Orange) Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode and its Determination in Pharmaceuticals and Serum Samples
Authors: Işık Hasan , Öztürk Gökçe , Ağın Fatma , Kul Dilek
Published: July 2020

Background:

Electroanalytical methods are very functional to detect drugs in
pharmaceuticals (tablets, syrups, suppositories, creams, and ointments) and biological samples.

Objective:

This study is aimed to make selective, sensitive, simple, fast, and low cost
electrochemical analysis of expectorant drug guaifenesin in pharmaceuticals and serum samples.

Methods:

Differential pulse adsorptive stripping voltammetric method for determination of
guaifenesin on a poly(acridine orange) modified glassy carbon electrode has been developed.
Glassy carbon electrode was modified with electropolymerization of the acridine orange monomer
for the sensitive determination of guaifenesin. Guaifenesin provided highly reproducible and welldefined
irreversible oxidation peaks at +1.125 V and +1.128 V (vs. Ag/AgCl) in the selected
supporting electrolyte and human serum samples, respectively.

Results:

Under optimized conditions, linear response of peak current on the concentration of
guaifenesin has been obtained in the ranges of 2.00×10-7 to 1.00×10-4 M in Britton Robinson buffer
solution at pH 7.0 and 4.00×10-7 to 1.00×10-4 M in serum samples. The precision of the method
was detected by intraday and inter-day repeatability studies in the supporting electrolyte and serum
samples media.

Conclusion:

The analytical applicability of the proposed method exhibited satisfying
determination results for guaifenesin from pharmaceutical dosage forms (syrup) and human serum
samples without any pre-separation procedures.
HPTLC Method for the Determination of Metformin Hydrochloride, Saxagliptin Hydrochloride, and Dapagliflozin in Pharmaceuticals
Authors: Abdelrahman Afnan E. , Maher Hadir M. , Alzoman Nourah Z.
Published: July 2020

Background:

Type 2 diabetes mellitus is an expanding health problem. Binary antidiabetic
combinations of Metformin Hydrochloride (MET) with either Saxagliptin Hydrochloride (SAX),
or Dapagliflozin (DAP) are widely used. Review of the literature revealed that no single HPTLC
method has been reported for the simultaneous determination of MET, SAX, and DAP allowing the
determination of binary mixtures of any two of the three cited drugs in their tablets using the same
experimental conditions, an important advantage for quality control. The advantages of HPTLC
method relies on the simultaneous analysis of a large number of samples in a shorter analysis time,
less solvent consumption, and less expenses, compared with HPLC.

Objective:

The objective of the proposed method is to develop and validate a single and simple
HPTLC densitometric method for the simultaneous determination of MET, SAX, and DAP.

Methods:

Separation was performed using aluminum HPTLC sheets coated with silica gel 60 F254
with a mobile phase consisting of a mixture of acetonitrile: 1% w/v ammonium acetate in methanol
(9: 1, v/v). Scanning was performed at 210 nm.

Results and Discussion:

Linearity of the method was assessed in the concentration range of 0.25-10
μg/band for SAX and DAP and 0.25-25 μg/band for MET. The method was fully validated as per the
ICH guidelines. The proposed method provided error and deviation values of less than 2% assessing
good accuracy and precision.

Conclusion:

The method was successfully applied to the analysis of pharmaceutical tablets of
MET/SAX, MET/DAP, and SAX/DAP with high specificity.
Recent Developments in CE-MS Based Metabolomics
Authors: Çelebier Mustafa , Nenni Merve
Published: July 2020

Background:

Metabolomics has gained importance in clinical applications over the last
decade. Metabolomics studies are significant because the systemic metabolome is directly affected
by disease conditions. Metabolome-based biomarkers are actively being developed for early diagnosis
and to indicate the stage of specific diseases. Additionally, understanding the effect of an intervention
on a living organism at the molecular level is a crucial strategy for understanding novel or
unexpected biological processes.

Results:

The simultaneous improvements in advanced analytical techniques, sample preparation
techniques, computer technology, and databank contents have enabled more valuable scientific information
to be gained from metabolomics than ever before. With over 15,000 known endogenous
metabolites, there is no single analytical technique capable of analyzing the whole metabolome.
However, capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry (CE-MS) is a unique technique used to analyze
an important portion of metabolites not accessible by liquid chromatography or gas chromatography
techniques. The analytical capability of CE, combined with recent sample preparation techniques
focused on extracting polar-ionic compounds, makes CE-MS a perfect technique for metabolomic
studies.

Conclusion:

Here, previous reviews of CE-MS based metabolomics are evaluated to highlight recent
improvements in this technique. Specifically, we review papers from the last two years (2018 and
2019) on CE-MS based metabolomics. The current situation and the challenges faced by metabolomic
studies are discussed to reveal the high potential of CE-MS.
JUNG'S PSYCHOLOGICAL TYPES AND CHARACTERISATION IN ALEX LAGUMA’S LITERARY WORKS
Authors: Garuba Issa Omotosho
Published: July 2020

Characterisation has immense influence on the study of literature, because it is as one of the determinants in measuring the quality of a narrative. Thus, assessing this aspect of a narrative, especially when dealing with characters in a racist narrative, requires an encompassing analytical approach. Hence, this paper is aimed atanalysing the psychological impulses that underlying the personality formations of the black characters in Alex La Guma’sA Walk in the Night and In the Fog of the Season’s End. In which, it adopts Carl Gustav Jung’s Psychological Types. The choice of this psychoanalytical tool is informed by the fact that, of all the psychological discoveries of Jung, the psychological types or the psychology of individuation has been acknowledged as his most significant discovery in psychoanalysis which has not attracted the literary critical attention, especially in terms of character analysis. To this end, therefore, the study attempts to establish the two categories of the reactions identified by Jung, namely introversion and extraversion, using the two Alex La Guma’sfictions.In addition, through the psychological complexities of the characters, ultimately, it is revealed that the extreme reactions are the products of individual innate tendencies, devoid of the social or the racial affiliations.
Specifics of Translating Osteopathic Terminology from English into Latvian
Authors: Kaļiņina Irina
Published: July 2020

The present article explores the complex issue of translation in the field of biodynamic osteopathic terminology. Due to the status of this discipline in Latvia, terms in the source language (English) still need to be transposed into Latvian, implementing the process of secondary term creation. The research examines community-generated translation practices and provides an overview of the resulting situation. The principles of terminological work are based on the communicative and frame-based theories of terminology, with the grounding principles of the General Theory of Terminology (GTT). The methodology includes qualitative and quantitative analysis of term translations obtained from 7 respondents, based on a corpus of 229 terms extracted from course books and didactic CDs in the field of biodynamics in osteopathy. The resulting data on user-generated translation practices can serve as a basis for further exploration of the given terminology in a more prescriptive key.
Internationalizing Secondary Education in Poland Through English as a Medium of Instruction
Authors: Król Anna Maria , Romanowski Piotr
Published: July 2020

Since English as a lingua franca is extending into virtually all domains of public life, non-Anglophone countries move away from the approach of English being taught as a foreign language (EFL) to the practice of English being a medium of instruction for content subjects. The methodology is increasingly implemented at all educational levels from primary to tertiary education. Yet few empirical studies have been undertaken into how the programmes are run. Thus, the article presents the findings of a research project, which attempted to provide a broad picture of this phenomenon in the Polish context. The article explores the two most recognized bilingual programmes in the European Union, Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL) and English Medium Instruction (EMI), both being thoroughly investigated in the paper. The article attempts to shed light on the teaching approaches applied in EMI classes. In addition, it discusses the extent to which the English language is used in such classes (partial or exclusive). Further, it focuses on the implications L1 interference has for the L2 learning process taking place in the classroom. Last but not least, the study gives a brief account of students’ and teachers’ perspectives on and attitudes towards EMI. Regarding the methodology, the triangulation of methods was adopted including questionnaires, interviews and observations.
Editorial
Authors: Cardona-Rodas Hilderman
Published: July 2020

Ciencias Sociales y Educación es un acto ficcional editorial. ¿Qué es una revista sino el resultado de una performance escritural? La publicación de la Facultad de Ciencias Sociales y Humanas de la Universidad de Medellín nació en toda su dýnamis creativa y académica en 2011. Con la publicación de su primer número en 2012, imaginó un espacio tejido por un geometral de expresiones múltiples, todo un potencial topológico de lo que podría devenir la revista como apuesta en el ritual un tanto mágico y obstinado en tiempos del marketing editorial. Así, la revista ha proyectado un conjunto de fuerzas en acción performática, todo un dispositivo de representación ficcional en el teatro de las publicaciones científicas, actuando y dando cuenta de un género ubicado en el campo de las ciencias sociales y humanas, regido por un sistema de dominación ritualizado en un contexto capitalista. Estas ciencias hoy experimentan una disolución de su relato que correspondía al momento de su nacimiento: el siglo XIX. En un mundo donde fluye el acontecimiento, los vínculos y temas que abordaban, “esas ciencias” ya no pueden corresponder al horizonte discursivo de su tradición epistemológica. Hoy se dan nuevos dispositivos de disciplina y control que utilizan una grammatiké que hace de los vínculos sociales el entramado del miedo al contangere (contacto), más aún en tiempos de pánico por la presencia del otro a causa de la pandemia de la COVID-19. Por ello, el número 17 de la revista Ciencias Sociales y Educación dispone una serie de artículos, traducciones y reseñas que permiten comprender el vértigo de la condición humana contemporánea. Estos textos se entretejen con la propuesta estética de Tulio Restrepo, desde donde es posible analizar aquella gramática de la sociedad en la que vivimos. Es necesario resaltar que este número de la revista pone de manifiesto el uso del lenguaje inclusivo para evitar la generalidad masculinizada (superar el heterosexismo y el falocentrismo en los usos del lenguaje), como se evidencia en algunos de los artículos que la integran.
Meningkatkan Kemampuan Menulis Cerita Fantasi dengan Penggunaan Video Anak “Malin Kundang”
Authors: Indriani Made Sri
Published: July 2020

Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK) ini bertujuan (1) mengetahui langkah-langkah meningkatkan kemampuan menulis cerita fantasi dengan menggunakan video anak “Malin Kundang” pada siswa kelas VII 3 SMP Laboratorium Undiksha, (2) mengetahui peningkatan kemampuan siswa menulis cerita fantasi melalui video anak “Malin Kundang” pada siswa kelas VII 3 SMP Laboratorium Undiksha, dan (3) mengetahui respons siswa terhadap penggunaan video anak “Malin Kundang” dalam meningkatkan keterampilan menulis cerita fantasi  di kelas VII 3 SMP Laboratorium Undiksha. Subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas VII 3 SMP Laboratorium Undiksha. Objek penelitian ini adalah langkah-langkah meningkatkan kemampuan menulis cerita fantasi dengan menggunakan video anak “Malin Kundang” pada siswa kelas VII 3 SMP Laboratorium Undiksha, peningkatan kemampuan siswa menulis cerita fantasi melalui video anak “Malin Kundang” pada siswa kelas VII 3 SMP Laboratorium Undiksha, dan respons siswa terhadap penggunaan video anak “Malin Kundang” dalam meningkatkan keterampilan menulis cerita fantasi  di kelas VII 3 SMP Laboratorium Undiksha. Metode pengumpulan data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah observasi, tes, kuesioner dan wawancara. Data yang didapatkan dianalisis dengan teknik deskriptif-kualitatif dan deskriptif-kuantitatif. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa, (1) berdasarkan hasil observasi yang dilakukan, dapat dikatakan bahwa langkah-langkah pelaksanaan pembelajaran yang dilakukan guru sudah tergolong baik/bagus. Hal ini dapat dilihat dari penilaian yang diberikan peneliti atau observer saat mengamati guru mengajar. (2) penggunaan video anak "Malin Kundang: dapat meningkatkan kemampuan menulis cerita fantasi siswa. Hal ini dapat dilihat dalam perbandingan skor rata-rata klasikal, yakni pada pratindakan skor rata-rata klasikal 68.14 (cukup), siklus I memperoleh skor rata-rata klasikal 76,66 (baik), sedangkan pada siklus II nilai rata-rata klasikal siswa menjadi 82,95 (baik); (3) siswa memberikan respons sangat positif dan positif terhadap penggunaan video anak "Malin Kundang" dalam pembelajaran menulis cerita fantasi. Dari hasil yang telah dicapai, bahwa penggunaan video anak "Malin Kundang"  perlu dipertimbangkan sebagai upaya untuk mengoptimalkan proses dan hasil belajar bahasa dan sastra Indonesia.
The Effect of Mall Strategy Integrated with Padlet Towards Students’ Reading Comprehension
Authors: Prastya I Gede Yoga
Published: July 2020

The research aimed at investigating the significant difference on students’ reading comprehension between students taught using Mobile Assisted Language Learning (MALL) strategy integrated with Padlet and students taught using conventional teaching strategy. This research was quasi-experimental utilizing post-test only control group design. The population of this research was tenth-grade students in SMA Negeri 4 Singaraja. The sample of this research were 73 students consisting of 35 students from X BB 1 as experimental group and 38 students from BB 2 as control group. The sample were chosen using cluster random sampling technique. The data collection in both groups were done through post-test. The obtained data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistical analysis. The result of descriptive statistics analysis reveals that the mean score for experimental group is higher than control group (78.03 > 73.39). Furthermore, the result of inferential statistics analysis through t-test shows that the significant value of tobserve is higher than tcritical value, which is 2.270 > 1.666 (df = 71, α = 0.05). Thus, it indicates that there is a significant difference on students’ reading comprehension between students taught using Mobile Assisted Language Learning (MALL) strategy integrated with Padlet and students taught using conventional teaching strategy.
Analisis Permintaan Wisatawan Millennial Terhadap Obyek Wisata Sungai Koran Melalui Faktor Sosioekonomi dan Lokasi
Authors: Indra Muh , Irawan _ , Nababan Vera Monica
Published: July 2020

This study aims to determine the effect of socioeconomic factors (age, age, and income) and factors related to location (cost and distance) of millennial tourists. This type of research is explanations and field surveys with a sample non-probability technique of 150 respondents. The analysis technique uses multiple linear regression. The results showed that the cost of travel, age of income and distance had a positive and significant effect on the number of millennial tourists visiting the attractions of the Sungai Koran Park, Sebangau National Park. The implication of this study is the development of the tourism infrastructure of the Koran River as one of the national tourism destinations to the Province of Central Kalimantan.
Arah Kebijakan Pengawasan terhadap Perbankan Syariah dalam Sistem Perbankan Nasional di Indonesia
Authors: Shandy Utama Andrew
Published: July 2020

This research aims to explain the direction of policy regarding supervision of Islamic banking in the banking system in Indonesia. The method used in this research is normative legal research using the statutory approach. The results of this research explain that the policy regarding supervision of Islamic banking in the national banking system in Indonesia is headed toward an independent direction. In Law Number 7 of 1992 and Law Number 10 of 1998, it is stated that supervision of Islamic banking is done by Bank Indonesia as the central bank. Based on Law Number 21 of 2008, supervision of Islamic banking is strengthened by not only being supervised by Bank Indonesia, but also by the National Sharia Council of the Majelis Ulama Indonesia by placing Sharia Supervisory Councils in each Islamic bank. After the ratification of Law Number 21 of 2011, supervision of Islamic banking moved from Bank Indonesia to an independent institution called the Financial Services Authority.
Penerapan Prinsip Hukum Perjanjian dalam Kontrak Kerjasama Pengelolaan Barang Milik Daerah
Authors: Utami Pangestika Rizki
Published: July 2020

The purpose of this study is to analyze the legal construction of the Regional Property Management Agreement. Regional property in the form of land and/or buildings and other than land and/or buildings that have been handed over by the user to the manager can be utilized optimally in order not to burden the Regional Budget and Revenues particularly maintenance costs. This article are reviewing several types of agreements by analyzing the application of the legal agreement principles in the cooperation contract  in the management of property in Regional Government of Banyumas Regency. The principles of treaty law which is a concept of civil law applied in the concept of state administration law are interesting because the agreement is in the regulation of private law and public law. Government Contract is a routine legal act of government, to ensure legal certainty for the parties involved required legislation that specifically regulates commercial contracts by the government regarding procedures and authority limits.
Trajetórias da bovinocultura de corte na Argentina e no Brasil: uma análise histórica e comparada sobre os efeitos das políticas de estado nos últimos dois séculos
Authors: Brisola Marlon Vinícius
Published: July 2020

Nos últimos 200 anos, Argentina e Brasil dividiram a importância na produção e na comercialização global decarne bovina. Num primeiro momento, ao longo de quase um século, a detenção de tal poder esteve na mão dos portenhos, que utilizaram muito bem as características das terras pampeanas para multiplicar os seus rebanhos.Nos últimos 60 anos, porém, de forma surpreendente, o Brasil assumiu essa tarefa e se tornou o detentor domaior rebanho comercial do mundo e o maior exportador de carne bovina do planeta. Nesse estudo, por meio de uma análise histórico-comparativa, buscou-se analisar qual a participação do Estado no crescimento do rebanho bovino, em cada um dos dois países, ao longo desse período. Para tanto, segmentou-se o tempo em subperíodos, os quais foram denominados de ‘casos’ e criou-se parâmetros de comparação através de uma gradação indicativa do impacto provocado pelas políticas e ações governamentais sobre o crescimento dos rebanhos. Utilizou-se fontes secundárias e documentais para levantar os dados históricos. Os resultadosmostraram que, tanto na Argentina, quanto no Brasil, a participação estatal, direta ou indireta, foi determinante para influenciar no crescimento dos rebanhos e na consequente participação do agronegócio da carne bovina na balança comercial dos dois países.
Multiparameter flow cytometry for assessment of minimal residual disease in patients with myelodysplastic syndromes treated with allogeneic stem cell transplantation
Authors: Wiśniewska-Piąty Katarzyna , Dziaczkowska-Suszek Joanna , Wieczorkiewicz-Kabut Agata , Chromik Karolina , Koclęga Anna , Woźniczka Krzysztof , Grygoruk-Wiśniowska Iwona , Kata Dariusz , Zielińska Patrycja , Helbig Grzegorz
Published: July 2020

Background

Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDSs) are a heterogeneous group of clonal myeloid neoplasms. Allogeneic stem cell transplantation (allo-SCT) remains the curative method for MDS treatment. Little is known about the monitoring of minimal residual disease (MRD) in patients with MDS after allo-SCT.

Aim

We aimed to evaluate the significance of leukemia-associated immunophenotypes (LAIPs) identified in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) for MRD monitoring in patients with MDS after allo-SCT.

Material and methods

Seven males and 4 females with a median age of 55 years were included. The diagnosis of MDS was established according to 2016 World Health Organization (WHO) criteria. The significance of eight LAIPs in bone marrow samples using multiparameter flow cytometry (MFC) was evaluated for MRD.

Results

Eight patients were positive for several LAIPs before allo-SCT. The identified LAIPs included the presence of aberrant lymphoid antigens on myeloblasts and lack of CD33 expression on myeloblasts. All studied MDS patients were negative for LAIPs at Day +30 after the procedure. This was followed by full-donor chimerism in all cases. The Ogata score after allo-SCT decreased in all patients in whom it was indicative for MDS before allo-SCT.

Conclusions

MFC could be useful in monitoring MRD in MDS patients after allo-SCT. Further studies in this field are needed.
In vitro and in vivo effect of 3-Para-fluorobenzoyl-propionic acid on rat liver mitochondrial permeability transition pore opening and lipid peroxidation
Authors: Olowofolahan Adeola O. , Bolarin Omosola L. , Olorunsogo Olufunso O.
Published: July 2020

The opening of mitochondrial permeability transition (mPT) pore is a well recognized important event in the execution of mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis. Some bioactive compounds induce apoptosis in tumour cells via the induction of mPT pore opening. This study therefore investigated the effect of 3-Para-fluorobenzoyl-propionic acid (3PFBPA), a metabolite of haloperidol on mPT pore, mitochondrial ATPase activity (mATPase), mitochondrial lipid peroxidation (mLPO) and cytochrome c release (CCR). Thirty-two male Wistar rats, were acclimatized for 14 days in clean cages. After 30 days of treatment, they were sacrificed and the liver mitochondria isolated using differential centrifugation. The mPT pore, mATPase, mLPO and CCR were determined by standard methods using a spectrophotometer. The mPT pore opening was induced by 3PFBPA by 1.4, 3.6, 5.6, 6.6 and 7.4 folds, when compared with the control. Also, there was release of cytochrome c and enhancement of mATPase activity by 3PFBPA. The results also show that 3PFBPA reduced lipid peroxidation. However, oral administration of 3PFBPA at 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg did not have any effect on mPT pore opening and mATPase activity when compared with the control but there was inhibition of mLPO. These findings suggested the pharmacological potential of 3PFBPA against the pathological processes related to insufficient apoptosis (based on the in vitro data) and oxidative stress due to its anti-lipidperoxidative effect.
Effect of Amino Acids on the Production of Biosurfactant by Pediococcus Acidilactici F70
Authors: Dong Yujun , Shu Guowei , Dai Chunji , Zhang Meng , Wan Hongchang
Published: July 2020

In this research, the surface activity of bacterial supernatant and cell surface was measured by the method of oil drain ring. The influence of 19 kinds of amino acids (Histidine, Threonine, Valine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Phenylalanine, Arginine, Proline, Methionine, Tryptophan, Alanine, Glycine, Glutamine, Cysteine, Hydroxyproline, Valine, Asparagine, Proline, Glutamine, Serine, and Glutamic acid, Hydroxyproline, Tyrosine) on the production of biosurfactant by Pediococcus acidilactici F70 was studied by single factor experiment, and the main amino acids promoting the production of biosurfactant were selected by Plackett–Burman design. The results showed that the yield of biological surfactant with added amino acid increased, and the yield of Glutamine produced biosurfactant in the supernatant was the highest, which was two times higher than that of the control group (414.00mg/L); the yield of biosurfactant on the cell surface was the highest when Arginine was added, which was three times higher than that of the control group. In the end, 8 of the 19 amino acids (Glycine, Tryptophan, Proline, Methionine, Arginine, Leucine, Serine and Alanine) were selected to promote the production of biosurfactants of Pediococcus acidilactici F70. The results of Plackett–Burman design showed that Alanine, Proline and Leucine had significant effects on the production of biosurfactants.
The Implementation of Credit Risk Scorecard Using Ontology Design Patterns and BCBS 239
Authors: Elhassouni Jalil , El qadi Abderrahim , El alami Yasser El madani , El haziti Mohamed
Published: July 2020

Nowadays information and communication technologies are playing a decisive role in helping the financial institutions to deal with the management of credit risk. There have been significant advances in scorecard model for credit risk management. Practitioners and policy makers have invested in implementing and exploring a variety of new models individually. Coordinating and sharing information groups, however, achieved less progress. One of several causes of the 2008 financial crisis was in data architecture and information technology infrastructure. To remedy this problem the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision (BCBS) outlined a set of principles called BCBS 239. Using Ontology Design Patterns (ODPs) and BCBS 239, credit risk scorecard and applicant ontologies are proposed to improve the decision making process in credit loan. Both ontologies were validated, distributed in Ontology Web Language (OWL) files and checked in the test cases using SPARQL. Thus, making their (re)usability and expandability easier in financial institutions. These ontologies will also make sharing data more effective and less costly.