bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Unveiling an odd fate after death: The isolated Eneolithic cranium discovered in the Marcel Loubens Cave (Bologna, Northern Italy)
Authors: Belcastro Maria Giovanna , Nicolosi Teresa , Sorrentino Rita , Mariotti Valentina , Pietrobelli Annalisa , Bettuzzi Matteo , Morigi Maria Pia , Benazzi Stefano , Talamo Sahra , Miari Monica , Preti Nevio , Castagna Lucia , Pisani Luca , Grandi Luca , Baraldi Pietro , Zannini Paolo , Scarponi Daniele , De Waele Jo
Published: March 2021

An isolated human cranium, dated to the early Eneolithic period, was discovered in 2015 at the top of a vertical shaft in the natural Marcel Loubens gypsum Cave (Bologna area, northern Italy). No other anthropological or archaeological remains were found inside the cave. In other caves of the same area anthropic and funerary use are attested from prehistory to more recent periods. We focused on investigating the circumstances surrounding the death of this individual, since the cranium shows signs of some lesions that appear to be the results of a perimortem manipulation probably carried out to remove soft tissues. Anthropological analyses revealed that the cranium belonged to a young woman. We analysed the taphonomic features and geological context to understand how and why the cranium ended up (accidentally or intentionally) in the cave. The analyses of both the sediments accumulated inside the cranium and the incrustations and pigmentation covering its outer surface suggested that it fell into the cave, drawn by a flow of water and mud, likely from the edges of a doline. The accidental nature of the event is also seemingly confirmed by some post-mortem lesions on the cranium. The comparison with other Eneolithic archaeological sites in northern Italy made it possible to interpret the find as likely being from a funerary or ritual context, in which corpse dismemberment (in particular the displacement of crania) was practiced.
Long-term platelet priming after glycoprotein VI stimulation in comparison to Protease-Activating Receptor (PAR) stimulation
Authors: Zou Jinmi , Wu Jiayu , Roest Mark , Heemskerk Johan W. M.
Published: March 2021

Platelets can respond to multiple antagonists and agonists, implying that their activation state is a consequence of past exposure to these substances. While platelets are often considered as one-time responsive cells, they likely can respond to sequential application of inhibitors and stimuli. We hypothesized that the ability of platelets to sequentially respond depends on the time and type of repeated agonist application. The present proof-of-concept data show that iloprost (cAMP elevation), tirofiban (integrin αIIbβ3 blocker) and Syk kinase inhibition subacutely modulated platelet aggregation, i.e. halted this process even when applied after agonist. In comparison to thrombin-activated receptor (PAR) stimulation, glycoprotein VI (GPVI) stimulation was less sensitive to time-dependent blockage of aggregation, with Syk inhibition as an exception. Furthermore, cytosolic Ca2+ measurements indicated that, when compared to PAR, prior GPVI stimulation induced a more persistent, priming activation state of platelets that influenced the response to a next agent. Overall, these data point to an unexpected priming memory of activated platelets in subacutely responding to another inhibitor or stimulus, with a higher versatility and faster offset after PAR stimulation than after GPVI stimulation.
Analysis of the reporting of adverse drug reactions in children and adolescents in Germany in the time period from 2000 to 2019
Authors: Leitzen Sarah , Dubrall Diana , Toni Irmgard , Stingl Julia , Schulz Maike , Schmid Matthias , Neubert Antje , Sachs Bernhardt
Published: March 2021

The objective of this study was to analyse reports on adverse drug reactions (ADRs) from Germany in the particularly vulnerable patient group of children and adolescents. Reporting characteristics, demographic parameters and off-label use were examined among others. The ratio of ADR reports per number of German inhabitants and the ratio of ADR reports per number of German inhabitants exposed to drugs were calculated and compared. These parameters were examined to derive trends in reporting of ADRs. 20,854 spontaneous ADR reports for the age group 0–17 years were identified in the European ADR database EudraVigilance for the time period 01.01.2000–28.02.2019 and analysed with regard to the aforementioned criteria. 86.5% (18,036/20,854) of the ADR reports originated from Healthcare Professionals and 12.2% (2,546/20,854) from non-Healthcare Professionals. 74.4% (15,522/20,854) of the ADR reports were classified as serious. The proportion of ADR reports per age group was 11.8% (0–1 month), 11.0% (2 months—1 year), 7.4% (2–3 years), 9.3% (4–6 years), 25.8% (7–12 years), and 34.8% (13–17 years) years, respectively. Male sex slightly dominated (51.2% vs. 44.8% females). Only 3.5% of the ADR reports reported off-label use. The annual number of ADR reports increased since 2000, even if set in context with the number of inhabitants and assumed drug-exposed inhabitants. The pediatric population declined in the study period which argues against its prominent role for the increase in the total number of ADR reports. Instead, among others, changes in reporting obligations may apply. The high proportion of serious ADR reports underlines the importance of pediatric drug safety.
Impact of change in household environment condition on morbidity in India: Evidence from longitudinal data
Authors: Brahmanandam N. , Nagarajan R.
Published: March 2021

Background

Household environment condition is an important predictor of morbidity of the household members. Without forming a healthy household environment, creating a healthy population is not possible. In this background, this study assesses the impact of change in household environment conditions on morbidity.

Methods

For the empirical analysis purpose of this study, we used two waves of longitudinal data from India Human Development Survey (2004–05, 2011–12). This study is based on 34131 re-contacted households in 2011–12 from the base year 2005. The bivariate and ANOVA tests were performed to assess any short-term morbidity (diarrhoea, fever and cough) with respect to change in household environment condition from 2005 to 2011. The multivariate linear regression was performed to assess the impact of change in household environment conditions on morbidity. The multinomial logistic regression was used to assess the impact of change in household environment condition on change in morbidity.

Results

The results from multivariate linear regression have shown that the share of household members fell sick due to any short-term morbidity (ASM) was significantly lower (β = –0.060, P<0.001) among the households who lived in clean environment condition in both the periods, 2004–05 and in 2011–12 as compared to those who were living in poor environment condition in both periods net of other socio-economic characteristics of the households. The share of household members fell sick due to any short-term morbidity has significantly declined (β = –0.051, P<0.001) among the household whose household environment condition has changed from poor in 2004–05 to clean environment in 2011–12 as compared to the households who have lived in poor environment condition in both periods in 2004–05 and 2011–12. The results of adjusted percentage from multinomial logistic regression have shown that the household members who fell sick with ASM was remained higher (4.9%; P<0.05) among the households whose environment condition was remained poor in both years in 2005 and 2011 as compared to the other households (2.7%) who remained in the better-off condition in both years in 2005 and 2011.

Conclusion

Considering the findings of the study, we suggest that ongoing government flagships programmes such as Swacch Bharat Mission (Clean India Mission), Pradhan Mantri Ujjwala Yojana (Prime Minister Clean Energy Scheme) and Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana (Prime Minister Housing Scheme), and Jal Jeevan Mission (Improved Source of Drinking Water Scheme) should work in tandem to improve household environment conditions.
Happy or healthy? How members of the public prioritise farm animal health and natural behaviours
Authors: Vigors Belinda , Ewing David A. , Lawrence Alistair B.
Published: March 2021

The importance given to minimising health issues and promoting natural behaviours is a polarising issue within farm animal welfare. It is predominantly thought that members of the public prioritise animals being able to behave naturally over other aspects of farm animal welfare, such as addressing health issues. However, public perspectives may be more multi-dimensional than is generally thought, with the importance given to these different elements of welfare dependent on the situation and state of the animals in question. To examine this, a factorial survey using vignettes, which experimentally manipulated the different levels of health (high health vs. low health) and natural behaviour provision (high behaviour vs. low behaviour), was completed by a sample (n = 810) representative of the UK population (on age, gender, ethnicity). Contrary to the predominant view, this study found animal health had the greatest effect on participants’ judgements, explaining more of the variance in their assessments of animal welfare than any other factor. However, findings also indicated that participants considered animal welfare to be most positive when both health issues are minimised and natural behaviours are promoted. Attitudes to natural behaviours also varied more between participants, with females, individuals who do not (regularly) eat meat and those with a greater belief in animal mind giving greater priority to natural behaviours. In the context of public and private welfare standards seeking to meet public expectations, this study provides important insights into how public perspectives of animal welfare are more nuanced than previously thought, influenced by the context of the animal, the aspect of welfare in question and personal characteristics.
A mezoszintű versenyképesség elmélete és alkalmazása a magyar tejipar példáján keresztül = Theory and application of meso-level competitiveness through the example of the Hungarian dairy industry
Authors:   , Jámbor Zsófia
Published: March 2021

A doktori értekezés fókuszában a versenyképesség vizsgálata áll. Ezen tág és gazdag szakirodalommal ellátott területen belül a mezoszintű versenyképesség kérdésköre és értelmezése került kiválasztásra. A dolgozatban mezoszintű versenyképesség szakirodalmi rendszerezése mellett egy választott iparágra, a tejiparra vonatkozóan történt az empirikus kutatás. A dolgozat az alábbiak szerint tagolódik. A bevezetést követően a dolgozat első fejezetében a versenyképesség elméleti hátterének, közgazdaságtudományi és gazdálkodástudományi megközelítése kerül tárgyalásra. Ezt követően, még ugyanezen fejezetben bemutatásra kerül a versenyképesség különböző két alapvető vizsgálati szintjeinek (a mikro és a makro szintek) meghatározása, fejlődési útja, majd a fejezet a mérési módszerek összegyűjtésével zárul. A dolgozat második fejezete a mezoszintű versenyképességre koncentrál. Egy általánosabb szakirodalmi elemzést és mérési módszereket követően (amely a mezoszinten belüli értelmezésekre is kitér) az iparági versenyképesség szisztematikus irodalomelemzése következik PRISMA módszertant követve. Ez a szakirodalmi elemzés mind a hazai, mind a nemzetközi szakirodalomban fellelhető cikkek, tanulmányok alapján történik. A harmadik fejezetben a szakirodalmi elemzést az empirikus kutatáshoz felhasznált iparág, a tejipar bemutatása követi, kitérve a fogyasztói szokásokra és a szabályozó környezetre, valamint a tejiparban fellelhető korábbi versenyképesség kutatások összefoglalására. A dolgozat negyedik fejezete a kutatási kérdések alapján megfogalmazza a disszertáció hipotéziseit, al-hipotéziseit, valamint azok tesztelésére alkalmazott módszertan bemutatásával, valamint a kutatási korlátok számbavételével záródik. Ezt követi az empirikus kutatás, amely a hazai tejipari versenyképességet hivatott mérni és összevetni az EU28 tagállamaihoz képest 1999 és 2018 közötti időszakot tekintve. Ehhez egyrészt a megnyilvánuló komparatív előny index és változatainak alkalmazása, másrészt stabilitás vizsgálata, végül a meghatározó tényezők elemzésére regressziós modell becslésével került sor. A hipotézisek tesztelésére használt módszerek eredményeinek bemutatása, elemzése az 5. fejezetben található. Végül a dolgozat legfontosabb eredményeinek összefoglalása, a kutatási korlátok, valamint a jövőbeli kutatási irányvonalak felvázolásával zárul a dolgozat.
Politische Hochschuldidaktik, Queer Theory und Antidiskriminierungspraxis: Eingreifende Bemerkungen
Authors: Engelmann Sebastian , Bauer Gero
Published: March 2021

In ihrem Beitrag widmen sich Gero Bauer und Sebastian Engelmann unter Rückgriff auf die Queer Theory und theoretische Überlegungen zu Inklusion den Möglichkeiten und Grenzen einer auf Antidiskriminierung abzielenden, die Diversität von Studierenden zum Thema machenden Hochschullehre. Sie weisen aus historisch-systematischer Perspektive und mit Rückbezug auf erziehungswissenschaftliche Erkenntnisse auf exkludierende Mechanismen im Hochschulsystem hin und erörtern die Notwendigkeit einer politischen Positionierung der Lehrenden in der Hochschullehre, die unausweichlich ist. Auf diese Art wird Hochschullehre selbst zum Ort der Aushandlung von politischen Problemen und spannungsvollen ethischen Fragen, welche die Hochschuldidaktik bis jetzt häufig vernachlässigt.
Keine Trauung für alle: Die Diskriminierung gleichgeschlechtlicher Ehepaare in der Evangelischen Landeskirche in Württemberg
Authors: Weyel Birgit
Published: March 2021

Birgit Weyel analysiert in ihrem Beitrag die Diskriminierung von gleichgeschlechtlichen Paaren in kirchlichen Stellungnahmen und in synodalen Debatten der evangelischen Landeskirche in Württemberg. Anders als in den meisten evangelischen Landeskirchen in Deutschland ist in Württemberg trotz der zivilrechtlichen Gleichstellung von gleichgeschlechtlichen Ehepaaren keine öffentliche Trauung möglich. Die Praktische Theologin zeigt rhetorische Strategien und theologische Widersprüche auf und skizziert die Bedeutung der Ehe und der Trauung als öffentliche Segensfeier.
Democratic and Authoritarian Political Systems in 21st Century World Society
Authors: Ahlers Anna L. , Krichewsky Damien , Moser Evelyn , Stichweh Rudolf
Published: March 2021

This book is about the radical novelty of modern polities in a functionally differentiated world society. Premodern states were at the apex of a stratified, hierarchical society. They dominated society and all its groups and strata. Modern polities have to be understood through the ecology of relations among different function systems. They have to find and incessantly redefine their place in society. They produce decisions that are collectively binding, but in preparing these decisions experience constraints and knowledge deficiencies that are related to the complexity of a functionally differentiated society. The book concentrates on six analytical perspectives that reflect how modern polities are embedded into 21st century society. These perspectives are: the concept of inclusion and the inclusion revolution constitutive of modern polities; the internal differentiation of polities that endows them with an unprecedented complexity; the fact that polities do not know anything about society and the ways in which they compensate for this; representation and responsiveness as strategies to reconnect with society; the self-restriction of some polities that brings about ever new autonomous expert organizations; the symmetrical rise of autocracies and democracies as the two modern variants of political regimes.
Schutz für geflüchtete Frauen* im Spannungsfeld von besonderer Schutzbedürftigkeit und restriktiven Migrationspolitiken
Authors: Braun Katherine , Dinkelaker Samia
Published: March 2021

Katherine Braun und Samia Dinkelaker widmen sich in ihrem Beitrag dem Schutz von gewaltbetroffenen Frauen* mit Fluchterfahrung. Obwohl Bundes- und Landesregierungen im Zuge des Sommers der Migration anerkannt haben, dass Schutz vor Gewalt sowie physische und psychische Integrität grundlegende Voraussetzung für die Teilhabe sind und entsprechende Maßnahmen ergriffen haben, bleibt der Schutz von gewaltbetroffen Frauen* mit Fluchterfahrung prekär. Die Autorinnen machen restriktive Asyl- und Aufenthaltspolitiken und die prekäre Finanzierung professioneller, feministischer Unterstützungsarbeit als Gründe aus. Sie verorten ihren Beitrag in wissenschaftlichen Diskussionen um die ›besondere Verletzlichkeit‹ geflüchteter Frauen*. Die Kritik an Vulnerabilitätsdiskursen differenzieren sie aus einer intersektionalen feministischen Perspektive auf Gewalt.
HipHop aus Österreich
Authors: Dörfler-Trummer Frederik
Published: March 2021

Erstmals wird in diesem Buch die für Deutschrap oft impulsgebende österreichische HipHop-Musiklandschaft auf Buchlänge ins Zentrum gerückt. Frederik Dörfler-Trummer zeichnet die Karrieren der wichtigsten Vertreter*innen - von Falco über Money Boy bis RAF Camora - nach und analysiert ihre Musik. Dabei werden genredefinierende Charakteristika des HipHop für die Subgenres BoomBap, Gangsta-Rap, Trap und Cloud-Rap herausgearbeitet. Über den Aspekt der Glokalisierung wird zudem das Zusammenspiel von globaler Verbreitung und lokaler Aneignung von HipHop-Musik demonstriert.
Co po Unii? Polska a procesy (dez)integracyjne w Europie
Authors: Niedźwiecki Artur
Published: March 2021

Celem tego tekstu jest postawienie pytania o polską politykę w sytuacji ewentualnego pogłębiania się tendencji (dez)integracyjnych w łonie projektu europejskiego. Praca ta stanowi w istocie zaproszenie do debaty na temat procesu definiowania celów strategicznych naszego państwa, która może stać się nieunikniona w razie zaistnienia zjawisk dekompozycyjnych w strukturach UE, do czego wiele krajów – w tym Rzeczpospolita – aktualnie nie jest przygotowanych. Wypracowanie nowych projektów i modeli w tej dziedzinie może okazać się uzasadnione i niezbędne, gdyż instytucje międzynarodowe coraz rzadziej są w stanie wspierać utrzymywanie pokoju, bezpieczeństwa oraz dobrobytu, a coraz częściej kojarzą się z ryzykami lub szeroko pojętymi stratami. W dobie potencjalnej dekoniunktury struktur supranarodowych, bardziej przychylnie spogląda się na działanie gremiów opartych o narodową legitymację, postrzegając te organizmy jako realne byty, które są zdolne do przyjęcia odpowiedzialności za los danej wspólnoty w sytuacjach kryzysowych, co może oznaczać dystansowanie się od postulatów transferu kompetencji na poziom ponadnarodowy, celem wspólnotowej odpowiedzi na wyzwania transnarodowe.
Europejska Agencja Kosmiczna (ESA) – ambitne plany, skromne możliwości, potężni konkurenci
Authors: Turczyński Paweł
Published: March 2021

Artykuł poświęcony jest genezie, strukturze i obecnemu potencjałowi Europejskiej Agencji Kosmicznej. Struktura ta konsoliduje projekty państw europejskich, dotyczące badania przestrzeni kosmicznej. W ostatnich latach ESA podejmowała liczne projekty naukowo-badawcze. Mimo potężnego zaplecza, jakim jest europejska gospodarka, ESA ma jednak znacznie mniejsze możliwości niż jej główna konkurentka – amerykańska NASA. Badania kosmosu, prowadzone przez ESA często mają charakter uzupełniający i pomocniczy wobec planów NASA. Silnymi konkurentami dla ESA są też agencje kosmiczne innych państw – Rosji, Chin czy Japonii.
Niemcy 30 lat po zjednoczeniu – aspekt społeczno-demograficzny i gospodarczy
Authors: Bartkowiak Marcin , Ratajczak Anna
Published: March 2021

Autorzy w artykule omawiają społeczno-demograficzne i gospodarcze implikacje zjednoczenia Niemiec dla wschodniej i zachodniej części kraju, w 30. rocznicę zakończenia okresu dwupaństwowości. Analizując społeczno-demograficzne implikacje, autorzy wskazują na spadek liczby ludności w Niemczech wschodnich i jednoczesny wzrost liczby ludności w Niemczech zachodnich w badanym okresie. Autorzy zwracają również uwagę na postępujący proces starzenia się społeczeństwa, widoczny zwłaszcza w landach wschodnich, gdzie średni wiek ludności wynosi powyżej średniej wieku ludności w Niemczech. Poddając analizie wybrane wskaźniki makroekonomiczne dla określenia implikacji gospodarczych, tj. PKB na mieszkańca, nakłady brutto na środki trwałe, stopę bezrobocia i wynagrodzenie brutto, autorzy wskazują, iż Niemcy wschodnie zmniejszyły dystans w stosunku do Niemiec zachodnich, jednakże konwergencja poziomów rozwoju gospodarczego obu części Niemiec to nadal niedokończony proces.
The interaction of L2 and L3 levels of proficiency in third language acquisition
Authors: Cal Zuzanna , Sypiańska Jolanta
Published: March 2021

Level of proficiency (LoP), unlike other factors, such as L2 status (Cenoz 2001) or linguistic proximity (Westergaard et al. 2016), has not been widely investigated in terms of third language acquisition (TLA). However, it is possible that LoP in L2 (Tremblay 2006), L3 (Wrembel 2010) and the interaction between these factors (Sypiańska and Cal in press) might play an important role in TLA. This study, thus, aims to further examine the aforesaid possibilities by analysing the influence of L2 and L3 LoP and their interaction on the production of L3 vowels in a group of L1 Polish/L2 English/L3 Spanish speakers who differ in terms of LoP in their foreign languages. A MANOVA was conducted to compare the main effects of L2LoP, L3LoP and vowel as well as the interaction effect between these factors on the production of L3 Spanish vowels. The results indicate an influential role of L2LoP and L3LoP and their interaction depending on the vowel being analysed. Low proficiency in one of the languages allowed the other, more proficient one, to impact the production of the L3 Spanish vowels. This interplay of factors expands the understanding of how the L2 and L3 proficiency condition the developing L3.
Perpetuated HIV Microaggressions: A Novel Scale to Measure Subtle Discrimination Against People Living With HIV
Authors: Berman Marcie , Eaton Lisa A. , Watson Ryan J. , Maksut Jessica L. , Rucinski Katherine B. , Earnshaw Valerie A.
Published: March 2021

HIV discrimination has served as a barrier to addressing the HIV epidemic and providing effective HIV treatment and care. Measuring HIV discrimination, particularly covert HIV discrimination, has proven to be complex. Adapted from a previous scale, we developed a perpetuated HIV micro-aggressions scale to assess covert forms of discriminatory beliefs among HIV-negative/unknown HIV status individuals. Factor analysis resulted in three subscales, explaining 73.58% of the scale's variance. The new scale demonstrated both convergent validity (HIV prejudice, HIV stereotypes) and discriminant validity (alcohol use, depressive symptomology). Perpetuated HIV microaggressions were significantly associated with HIV conspiracy beliefs, HIV prejudice, and HIV stereotypes. This new scale can serve as an important tool in evaluating perpetuated HIV microaggressions among HIV-negative individuals.
Family accommodation in pediatric body dysmorphic disorder: A qualitative study
Authors: Jassi Amita D. , Baloch Aysha , Thomas-Smith Kike , Lewis Angela
Published: March 2021

Family accommodation (FA) is significant in a range of disorders, yet it has never been explored in body dysmorphic disorder (BDD). Interviews were conducted with five young people with BDD, five parents, and five clinicians to explore the types, impact, and purpose of FA in BDD. Every participant reported significant FA of BDD, and the types reported were broadly similar to those found in other disorders. Reassurance giving/seeking and engagement in rituals were the two most common forms of FA reported with funding products being the third. Unsurprisingly, the driver for FA was to reduce the young person's distress and risk. Every participant commented on the negative impact FA had, including the financial burden, social implications, emotional well-being of family members, relationships, and conflict within the family, yet all young people also thought there were positive aspects to FA. Findings are discussed in the context of the limitations of this study.
Hoarding and Animal Hoarding: Psychodynamic and Transitional Aspects
Authors: Volkan Kevin
Published: March 2021

Hoarding is a disorder that has only recently begun to be understood by researchers and clinicians. This disorder has been examined from a biopsychosocial perspective and has features that overlap with obsessive-compulsive disorder as well as some unique characteristics. Hoarding disorder is widespread and maybe related to the evolution of collecting and storing resources among humans and other animals. While there have been a number of non-analytic theories related to hoarding and its treatment, psychoanalytic thinkers have rarely described the disorder or explored its underlying psychodynamics. Beginning with Freud, it is possible to understand hoarding in relationship to the vicissitudes of the anal stage of development. However, loss of a loved object, especially loss of the mother, can play an important role in the development of hoarding behavior in adults. The hoarding of inanimate items, examined from a developmental object-relations perspective, appears to involve transitional phenomena. Animal hoarding also involves transitional phenomena, but animals, which can serve as animated transitional objects, also have a repetition compulsion function. These psychodynamic characteristics are relevant for establishing a working transference with the analyst or therapist, in order to promote positive therapeutic outcomes.
Psychoanalysis and the Ungovernable Self: Further Explorations
Authors: LaMothe Ryan
Published: March 2021

The author explores the idea that psychoanalysis is a process that facilitates, for some patients, the emergence of an ungovernable self. To make this case, Agamben's notion of the ungovernable self and its relation to potentiality-actuality, excess, and inoperativity are explained in light of psychosocial development. It is argued that the seeds of the ungovernable self lie within the parent-infant space of speaking and acting together, wherein good-enough parents’ personalizing attunements to infants’ assertions facilitate children's sense of singularity that is not contingent on social-political apparatuses. This space of suchness provides a secure base for children's transition to political spaces. From here, the argument shifts to the psychoanalytic process, which (1) affirms the singularity of the individual while engaging in inquiry into and exploration of the patient's life; (2) possesses a key premise of the excess of the “unconscious”; and (3) fosters the exercise of ungovernable selves.
Evolution of a “Classic” Psychoanalytic Institute: Escape From Rome
Authors: Hoffman Leon
Published: March 2021

The author describes the evolution of theory and practice at the New York Psychoanalytic Society and Institute. The core concepts at the Institute have included the importance of unconscious fantasy, conflict and compromise theory, transference and countertransference, and defense analysis. In recent years, a variety of contemporary analytic theories have been incorporated into the theory and practice of the Institute. The importance of systematized research to theory development and practice is stressed.
Rethinking Globalization and the Transnational Capitalist Class: China, the United States, and Twenty-First Century Imperialist Rivalry
Authors: Chen David
Published: March 2021

The arrest of Meng Wanzhou and the Huawei prosecution have revealed a mounting battle for high-tech supremacy between the United States and China. The ongoing technology war and the trade war are merely one dimension of a far-reaching and accelerating imperialist rivalry. The changing reality on the world stage has urged a reconsideration of the transnational capitalist class (TCC) thesis and the theory of globalization in general. By reviewing the historical debate between the globalist and critical realist schools, I argue that William Carroll's theoretical frame of global capitalism grounded in corporate network research through emphasizing a dialectical process of the “making” of the TCC is better equipped to explain the unfolding Sino–U. S. conflict. Corporate network research has unveiled a highly regionalized and uneven TCC network: the transnational interlocks of both Chinese and Western corporate directorates are relatively sparse while regional and national ties dominate. It affirms the fragility of the TCC, its internal friction and potential decomposition. It also provides the material ground for analyzing the Sino–U. S. imperialist rivalry as a structural development out of global capitalism and its class relations.
Constructed Pasts
Authors: Fanning Colin
Published: March 2021

LEGO bricks are one of the world’s most popular toys, part of a class of postwar playthings that addressed middle-class ideals of childhood creativity and educative play. As the company adapted to a globalized consumer culture in the second half of the twentieth century, however, it also relied on longstanding tropes of gender, history, and cultural others that put pressure on its claims as a provider of wholesome, “universal” play. This article unpacks how LEGO’s product designs, marketing, and theme park operations have commodified historical inequities, giving tangible form to stereotypes of a racially unmarked European past, colonial encounters with the “uncivilized,” and the gendering of domestic space and construction play.
From a Soviet Paternalistic to the Market Model in Personal Social Services in Lithuania
Authors: Žalimienė Laimutė
Published: March 2021

This article analyzes the development of personal social services (PSS) after the restoration of the independent state of Lithuania in 1990, looking through the lens of organizational peculiarities. The development of services in Lithuania occurred not only by introducing the principles of the welfare state but was also influenced by the marketization trends in the area, passing through the experience of the Western countries. Therefore, in Lithuania, the origination of PSS as a separate welfare sector and its marketization occurred almost in parallel.
Bartonella henselae IgM seropositivity in both adult and pediatric patients with diverse clinical conditions in Turkey
Authors: Arıcı Neslihan , Aksaray Sebahat , Ankaralı Handan
Published: March 2021

Bartonella henselae is the causative agent of cat scratch disease (CSD). In this study, we aimed to investigate the clinical data of patients with suspicion of CSD and delineate current epidemiological features.

A total of 785 patients with suspected CSD were included in the study. B. henselae IgM antibody was determined by indirect fluorescent antibody (IFA) test using a commercial kit (Euroimmun, Germany). Sex, age, clinical pre-diagnosis and animal contact information of the patients were obtained from hospital electronic database records.

Seventy-eight (9.9%) of 785 samples were seropositive. Out of 78 patients, 46 with animal contact data were further analyzed. Of these patients, 56% were male, and 41% were under 18 years of age. Seropositivity was more commonly observed in fall and winter. The most common finding was lymphadenitis (63%). Thirty-five patients (76%) had a previous history of animal contact (cat/dog). Of the 46 seropositive patients, 78.3, 15.2, 4.4, and 2.1% had titers of 1:80, 1:160, 1:320, and 1:640, respectively.

Our study confirms that CSD is not rare in Turkey. Thus, it should always be considered in the differential diagnosis of patients presenting with lymphadenopathy in all age groups, particularly children. Questioning of cat exposure should never be neglected, especially in areas with intense population of stray cats, such as Istanbul.
Idealismo e realismo na teoria política e no pensamento brasileiro: três modelos de história intelectual
Authors: Lynch Christian Edward Cyril
Published: March 2021

Resumo: O artigo problematiza a tendência que têm os intérpretes do pensamento político brasileiro de organizar suas tradições intelectuais a partir de uma polarização entre idealistas, que veriam a realidade de forma distorcida, e realistas, que a veriam de forma adequada. Alega-se que a divergência entre os intérpretes, relativamente a quais fossem as linhagens “idealistas” e “realistas, reflete uma disputa entre diferentes concepções da realidade política e suas relações com a dimensão ética da vida social, presente há séculos na teoria política. A discórdia envolve questões relativas às características da natureza humana (se boa ou má) e ao papel auxiliar do conhecimento histórico na sua compreensão (relativa à perfectibilidade ou imutabilidade daquela natureza). A exigência generalizada por “realismo” decorreria da elaboração de um paradigma de ciência política estabelecido na primeira metade do século XX, derivada do imperativo de substituir aquele vigente no século anterior, detratado como “idealista”. Esse novo paradigma, elaborado na Alemanha, teria sido adaptado à esquerda e à direita, originando três modelos de história intelectual - um liberal, outro nacionalista, e um terceiro marxista. Daí a tendência, no interior de cada um deles, de apresentar as linhagens a partir de uma estrutura dicotômica, que aglutina de um lado as linhagens ideologicamente “boas”, e de outro, as “más”. O artigo conclui destacando a necessidade de evitar as classificações dicotômicas, a fim dar conta de forma mais produtiva da complexidade ideológica da vida social.
O hábito de frequentar cultos como mecanismo de mobilização eleitoral: o voto evangélico em Bolsonaro em 2018
Authors: Ferreira Matheus Gomes Mendonça , Fuks Mario
Published: March 2021

Resumo: No debate sobre a influência da religião sobre o voto, uma das dimensões analisadas é a comportamental, em especial o hábito de frequentar os cultos. Nesse debate, considera-se que os mais frequentes nos cultos estão mais expostos às mensagens políticas de suas lideranças religiosas. Seguindo essa perspectiva, testamos a hipótese de que a frequência a cultos se constituiu como um mecanismo por meio do qual a religião evangélica influenciou o voto em Bolsonaro, em 2018. Os resultados mostram que, aproximadamente, 16% do efeito de ser evangélico sobre o voto em Bolsonaro é explicado por esse mecanismo. Para alcançar tal resultado, utilizamos o modelo de mediação para dados observacionais qualitativos. O banco de dados utilizado é o do Latin America Public Opinion Project (LAPOP) 2019.
Elaboração e avaliação da disciplina remota de Física 1 na UFRJ durante a pandemia de Covid-19 em 2020
Authors: Paula Bruno Souza de , Codeço Camilla , Hor-Meyll Malena , Paiva Thereza
Published: March 2021

A pandemia de COVID-19, que irrompeu globalmente no ínicio de 2020, surpreendeu o mundo e seguramente uma das área mais afetadas foi a da Educação. Universidades, escolas e até mesmo creches, entre outros, interromperam suas atividades presenciais abruptamente, marcando uma geração que testemunhou um evento que há cem anos não acontecia, desde a gripe espanhola. Educadores de todos os países foram impelidos a adotar o ensino remoto como forma de dar prosseguimento às suas atividades essenciais, num desafio sem precedentes para a grande maioria. A Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, e mais especificamente, o Instituto de Física respondeu ao desafio de forma ambiciosa: não apenas migrou para o ensino remoto como aproveitou a oportunidade para colocar em prática novas metodologias de ensino ativas em uma das disciplinas com o maior contigente de alunos: Física 1. O objetivo deste artigo é detalhar como a disciplina foi re-estruturada para a forma remota e como se desenvolveu ao longo do primeiro período por meio de avaliações estatísticas de diversos aspectos incluindo pareceres dos próprios estudantes envolvidos.
GELENEKSEL İSLAM ANLAYIŞINDA KADININ ÇALIŞMASI
Authors: TEKİN ÖNÜR Huriye , DÜNDAR Emine
Published: March 2021

Müslüman toplumlarda kadın istihdamının düşük olmasının pek çok nedeni vardır. Bu nedenlerden biri, hatta belki de en önemli nedenlerinden biri, kadının maaş veya ücret karşılığı çalışmak zorunda olmadığı yönündeki geleneksel görüşün toplumsal olarak kabul görmesidir. Şüphesiz ki, bu kabulü kolaylaştıran en güçlü mekanizma ataerkilliktir. Öyle ki, kimi İslami yorumlara göre toplumsal cinsiyet eşitsizliğini dönüştürerek cinsiyetler arasında eşitlik kurma hedefinde olan orijinal mesaj dahi, ataerkilliğin gölgesinde yapılan yorumlar nedeniyle yozlaştırılabilmiş ve cinsiyetler arasındaki hiyerarşik ilişkiyi daha da pekiştirmenin aracı olarak görülebilmiştir. Bu süreçte bireylerin gündelik hayatlarını düzenleme amacında olan dinsel metinlerin temel rol oynadığı söylenebilir ki, İlmihaller de bunlardan biridir. Bu çalışmada, yaygın olarak tercih edilen internet satış sitelerinde en çok satışı gerçekleşen ve geleneksel İslam anlayışını temsil eden 12 adet ilmihâl kitabı, Müslüman kadının çalışma davranışını düzenlemesi bakımından incelenmiştir. Nitel araştırma yöntemi kapsamında içerik analizi yoluyla gerçekleştirilen bu inceleme sonunda elde edilen bulgular şu beş temaya ulaşılmasını sağlamıştır: (i) kadın ve erkeğin ontolojik tanımlanmalarındaki farklılık, (ii) çalışma etkinliğine yüklenen anlam, (iii) kadının çalışmasına yönelik düşünce, (iv) kadının çalışmasına karşı çıkılmasının nedenleri, (v) kadının çalışmasının hangi şartlarda desteklenebileceği.
SÜPER AKILLI TOPLUM: TOPLUM 5.0
Authors: ARI Emin Sertaç
Published: March 2021

Bilgi ve iletişim teknolojisinin hızlı gelişimi, topluma ve sektörlere büyük değişiklikler getirmektedir. Dijital dönüşüm yeni değerler yaratmakta ve birçok ülkede sanayi politikasının temel direği haline gelmektedir. Bu bağlamda Japonya, dijital dönüşümü merkezine koyarak toplumların gelişiminin beşinci aşaması olan Süper Akıllı Toplumu dünyaya tanıtmaktadır. Toplum 5.0, Japonya tarafından ortaya konan, beşinci aşama olarak adlandırılan yeni bir insan merkezli toplum vizyonudur. Bu çalışmada Almanya'nın “Endüstri 4.0” vizyonunu içeren günümüz bilgi toplumunun doğal bir uzantısı olarak da ifade edilebilen Toplum 5.0’ın çeşitli perspektifler dahilinde toplumun yaşam kalitesini artırmayı hedefleyen amaç, enstrüman ve olası çıktılarına detaylı biçimde yer verilmektedir.
DOSE OPTIMIZATION ON LIVER CANCER PROTON THERAPY AND BORON NEUTRON CAPTURE THERAPY USING PARTICLE AND HEAVY IONS TRANSPORT CODE SYSTEM
Authors: Fahrurrozi Hafiz , Harto Andang Widi , Triatmoko Isman Mulyadi , Wijaya Gede Sutrisna , Sardjono Yohannes
Published: March 2021

Liver cancer was the third leading cause of death from cancer in 2020 with 830,180 deaths worldwide. Radiotherapy is a common treatment method for liver cancer. Technological advances presented proton therapy and boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) as alternatives with a lower dose on healthy organs. The objective of this research is to get a good dose distribution with higher tumor dose and lower healthy organ dose in proton therapy. A comparison with BNCT is done to get a better understanding of how both methods deliver the dose to treat the cancer while minimizing healthy organ doses. The research simulated proton therapy for cancer liver with Particle and Heavy Ions Transport Code System (PHITS), and a literature review for BNCT. The effectiveness of both methods were compared by tumor dose and liver dose. The optimal tumor dose for proton therapy is 86.01 Gy (W) with 0.67 Gy (W) liver dose. Proton therapy can replace conventional radiotherapy for tumors with complex shapes in dose delivery by utilizing its dose profile, while BNCT can give better tumor control on patients previously treated with conventional radiotherapy.
Unmanned Powerboat Motion Terminal Control in an Environment with Moving Obstacles
Authors: Finaev V. I. , Medvedev M. Yu. , Pshikhopov V. Kh. , Pereverzev V. A. , Soloviev V. V.
Published: March 2021

The major point for consideration throughout this paper is controlling the motion of an unmanned powerboat in an obstructed environment with stationary and moving objects. It offers a procedure for the terminal control law development based on the powerboat programmed motion trajectory in a polynomial form and proposes position-trajectory-based control algorithms. A hybrid method based on virtual fields and unstable driving modes, taking into account powerboat speeds and obstacles, is used to plan motion trajectories for obstacle avoidance. There were experiments carried out to test the developed methods and algorithms meanwhile estimating the energy consumption for control, the length of the trajectory and the safety indicator for obstacle avoidance. The novelty of the proposed approach lies in the method used to develop a local movement trajectory in the field with obstacles and in the hybridization of trajectory scheduling methods. This approach allows us to achieve a given safe distance when avoiding obstacles and virtually eliminate the chances of an emergency collision. The presented results can be used in systems of boats autonomous motion control and allow safe stationary and dynamic obstacles avoidance.
Disinformation in Facebook Ads in the 2019 Spanish General Election Campaigns
Authors: Cano-Orón Lorena , Calvo Dafne , López García Guillermo , Baviera Tomás
Published: March 2021

As fake news elicits an emotional response from users, whose attention is then monetised, political advertising has a significant influence on its production and dissemination. Facebook ads, therefore, have an essential role in contemporary political communication, not only because of their extensive use in international political campaigns, but also because they address intriguing questions about the regulation of disinformation on social networking sites. This research employs a corpus of 14,684 Facebook ads published by the major national political parties during their campaigns leading up to the two Spanish general elections held in 2019. A manual content analysis was performed on all the visually identical ads so as to identify those containing disinformation and those denouncing it. The topics addressed in these ads were then examined. The results show that the political parties’ Facebook ad strategies were akin to those of conventional advertising. Disinformation messages were infrequent and mainly posted by Ciudadanos and VOX. Nonetheless, it is striking that the main topic addressed in the ads was the unity of Spain—precisely the issue of Catalonia’s independence. In light of this, it can be deduced that ‘traditional’ parties are taking longer to renounce classical forms of campaigning than their ‘new’ counterparts, thus demonstrating that the actors implementing disinformation strategies are not only restricted to the extreme right of the ideological spectrum.
Journalism Students and Information Consumption in the Era of Fake News
Authors: Tejedor Santiago , Portalés-Oliva Marta , Carniel-Bugs Ricardo , Cervi Laura
Published: March 2021

Technological platforms, such as social media, are disrupting traditional journalism, as a result the access to high-quality information by citizens is facing important challenges, among which, disinformation and the spread of fake news are the most relevant one. This study approaches how journalism students perceive and assess this phenomenon. The descriptive and exploratory research is based on a hybrid methodology: Two matrix surveys of students and a focus group of professors (n = 6), experts in Multimedia Journalism. The first survey (n = 252), focused on students’ perception of fake news, the second (n = 300) aims at finding out the type of content they had received during the recent confinement caused by the Covid-19 pandemic. Results show that most of the students prefer online media as a primary source of information instead of social media. Students consider that politics is the main topic of fake news, which, according to the respondents, are mainly distributed by adult users through social networks. The vast majority believe that fake news are created for political interests and a quarter of the sample considers that there is a strong ideological component behind disinformation strategies. Nonetheless, the study also reveals that students do not trust in their ability to distinguish between truthful and false information. For this reason, this research concludes, among other aspects, that the promotion of initiatives and research to promote media literacy and news literacy are decisive in the training of university students.
TÜRKİYE’DE MAKROEKONOMİK GÖSTERGELERİN KATILIM BANKALARININ KREDİ RİSKİ ÜZERİNDEKİ ETKİSİ
Authors: Özçim Hayal , Kaya Ferudun
Published: March 2021

Türkiye’de katılım bankacılığı sektöründe kredi riskinin gerek yurtiçi gerekse yurtdışı faktörlere bağlı olarak değişmesi katılım bankalarının işlevselliğini tehdit etmektedir. Bankacılık sektöründe yapılan araştırmalarda kredi riskinin bir göstergesi olarak takipteki krediler kabul edilmiştir. Takipteki krediler, banka bilançolarını ve bankaların karlılığını etkileyen önemli unsurlardan biridir. Bu değişkeni etkileyen faktörlerin analiz edilmesi bankacılık sektörü için yol gösterici niteliktedir. Katılım bankacılığı sektöründe de risk göstergesi olarak kabul edilen takipteki kredilerin artışına neden olan yurt içi ve yurtdışı makroekonomik faktörlerin belirlenmesi bu bankaların istikrarı için önemli hala gelmektedir. Türkiye’de katılım bankacılığının yurt içindeki payı hedeflenen düzeyin oldukça altında olması sistemin makroekonomik değişkenlerle olan ilişkisini sorgulatmaktadır. Bu çerçevede, çalışmamız belirlenen değişkenler yardımıyla katılım bankalarının makro değişenlerle ilişkisini analiz etmektedir.
Gestão da qualidade na pós-colheita do amendoim como ferramenta à competitividade
Authors: Saath Reni , Wenneck Gustavo Soares , Santi Danilo Cesar , Rezende Roberto , Araújo Larissa Leite de
Published: March 2021

A qualidade do amendoim em função dos agentes ligados à cadeia de produção e às condições edafoclimáticas de cultivo pode ser preservada ou diminuída nas etapas colheita e pós-colheita. A fim de entender a interação dos fatores do ambiente, práticas de colheita e pós-colheita dos frutos na gestão da qualidade, o estudo teve como objetivo a avaliação da qualidade do amendoim produzido sob diferentes técnicas de pós-colheita em quatro regiões no Estado do Paraná. Para identificar fatores envolvidos direta ou indiretamente no condicionamento da qualidade, frutos de amendoim foram submetidos a duas formas de processamento pós-colheita (Racional e Tradicional) constituindo dois tratamentos para cada ambiente de cultivo em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial com cinco repetições. Dos lotes de amendoim, foram avaliados grãos quanto à qualidade física e sanitária de frutos antes e durante armazenamento em embalagens permeáveis e impermeáveis. O potencial qualitativo dos amendoins foi inferior no processo tradicional. As condições climáticas na colheita favoreceram os fungos Aspergillus flavus e Rhizopus, a contaminação por aflatoxina foi maior no processo tradicional. O uso de técnicas adequadas na pós-colheita (processo racional) favoreceu a preservação da qualidade, com reflexos positivos na gestão da cadeia, mostrando-se eficaz para atenuar a vulnerabilidade climática à qual produtores de amendoim no Paraná estão inseridos. As práticas do processo racional foram mais favoráveis à conservação da qualidade dos amendoins no armazenamento. As embalagens permeáveis e impermeáveis não mantiveram a qualidade dos grãos de amendoim ao longo do armazenamento.