bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pre-service biology teachers’ perception of global warming, greenhouse effect and ozone layer depletion in Lagos State University
Authors: Etobro Benjamin A.
Published: July 2020

The study examined the crux about global warming, greenhouse effect and ozone layer depletion among pre-service biology teachers. A survey questionnaire adapted from Kalipit, Yener & Ozkadif (2009); Rye, Ruba & Wiesenmayer (1997) and Boyes, Chambers & Stanisstreet (1995) was administered to 65 pre-service Biology teachers purposively selected from the Department of Science and Technology Education, Lagos State University, Lagos. This was to determine the pre-service biology teachers’ perceptions about global warming, greenhouse effect and ozone layer depletion. Data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results showed that pre-service Biology teachers had misconceptions that the results of thinning of ozone layer will increase greenhouse effect and the function of ozone layer is to protect the earth against excessive heat. Furthermore, majority of the preservice biology teachers had misconceptions on global warming, ozone layer depletion and greenhouse effect. It is imperative, therefore to proffer solutions to these misconceptions held by the pre-service teachers by ensuring that instructors and instructional materials emphasize the importance of these concepts to life ensuring that students have adequate knowledge about the concepts as well as ways of tackling these challenges.

Keyword: Global warming, greenhouse effect, ozone layer depletion, pre-service biology teachers, misconceptions.
Part contributive de la densité démographique au reverdissement de certaines zones fortement anthropisées du Sahel : cas des Communes d’Aguié et d’Ibohamane au Niger
Authors: Saidou Salifou , Ambouta Jean-Marie Karimou
Published: July 2020

Cette étude porte sur l’analyse de la dimension humaine dans l’explication du reverdissement observé dans le paysage de certaines zones fortement anthropisées du Sahel. A cet effet, la commune d’Aguié et celle d’Ibohamane ont été choisies en prenant en compte leur forte densité démographique. La méthodologie utilisée repose sur l’application d’une analyse corrélative couplée à des tests statistiques sur les valeurs de pluies annuelles, les densités démographiques et les valeurs de l’indice normalisé de végétation sur la série chronologique 1980-2018. Les résultats obtenus mettent en évidence deux séquences pluviométriques sèche et humide statistiquement significatives. Pour autant, la période humide récente bien installée à partir de la décennie 90 n’explique pas en totalité l’expression du reverdissement de ces zones. Des taux de 60% et 45% de ce changement sont associés à la densité démographique respectivement au niveau de la commune d’Aguié et celle d’Ibohamane. Ces résultats permettent de replacer le rôle central de la dimension humaine dans la mutation paysagère récente de certaines zones sahéliennes. A ce titre ils peuvent canaliser les réflexions sur la recherche des facteurs et conditions favorables à la mise à l’échelle du reverdissement.Mots clés : NDVI, Pluviométrie, Anthropisation, Reverdissement, RUE.

English Title: Contributing part of population density to the regreening of certain highly anthropized area of the Sahel: the case of Agué and Ibohamane municipalities in NigerThis study focuses on human dimension in the explanation of the the regreening process observed in certain areas of the Sahel region. For this purpose, the municipalities of Aguié and Ibohamane were chosen according to their high population density. The methodology used is based on the application of the correlative analysis coupled with statistical test on the annual rainfall values, population density values and the normalized vegetation index values, over 1980-2018 time series. The results obtained highlight two significant dry and wet sequences. However, the recent wet period, well established from the 1990s does not fully explain the regreening of these areas. Rates of 60% and 45% of this change are due to population density respectively in Aguié and Ibohamane case. These results replace the central role of human dimension in the dynamic change of sahelian landscapes and provide the keys that can guide the reflection on the search of factors and conditions favorable of scaling up of regreening.Keywords: NDVI, Rainfall, Anthropization, Regreening, RUE.
Level of VEGF-A and interleukin 6 in lacrimal fluid of patients with diabetic retinopathy
Authors: Domngang Christelle , Noutchie Armelle Lowe , Chuisseu Pascal Djamen , Simo Freddy Nemg , Galani Borris Tietche , Mekieje Pamela Tumchou , Nzounji Faustin Ulrich , Djahmeni Eric Noel , Guewo-Fokeng Magellan , Kagmeni Giles , Bella Assumpta Lucienne , Sobngwi Eugene
Published: July 2020

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is an ocular manifestation characterized by microvascular complications. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between diabetic retinopathy (DR) and two lacrimal angiogenic cytokines, interleukin-6 (Il-6) and vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A). A cross-sectional study was conducted at Yaoundé Central Hospital from February,1 to June, 15, 2019. Twenty-six diabetic patients with retinopathy and 55 diabetics without retinopathy were enrolled. Tears were collected with Schirmer strips. The concentrations of VEGF-A and Il-6 were determined by the ELISA test. Statistical analysis was performed using Epi Data version 7.1.5.2. and GraphPad 5.0. The mean VEGF-A concentration was 163.4 ± 45.1 and 149± 81.8 pg/ml in patients with and without DR respectively (p= 0.292) while tear Il-6 level was 118.5±103 and 119±79.43 pg/ml in patients with and without DR respectively (p= 0.497). The mean tear VEGF level was 165.2 ± 76.10 and 153.50 ± 57.94 pg/mL in patients with and without diabetic maculopathy (DM) respectively (p=0.343) while tear Il-6 level was significantly lower in DM (54.92±32.68) compared to patients without DM (159.10±89.78) (p=0.047). Tear Il-6 level was significantly low in patients with DM. There was no association between the 2 lacrimal biomarkers and diabetic retinopathy. Further analysis is needed for this type of screening in diabetic patients.Keywords: eye, retina, tear, diabetes, biomarker; cytokine.
Opinions des mères d’enfants de 06 à 59 mois sur l’enrichissement des bouillies locales avec la poudre de Moringa oleifera et la farine des tourteaux d’arachide au Niger
Authors: Maman Mahaman Salissou , Lewamy Mamadou , Maazou Bako Aminatou , Seini Sabo Haoua
Published: July 2020

L’objectif de cet article était de prendre la mesure de l’opinion des mères sur l’enrichissement des bouillies locales avec la poudre de Moringa oleifera et les tourteaux d’arachide, puis de mesurer leur consentement à donner cette bouillie aux enfants. Pour y parvenir, nous avons réalisé en février 2019, des entrevues individuelles avec 451 mères des quatre départements à haute prévalence de la malnutrition de la région de Maradi (Mayahi, Aguié, Tessaoua et Madarounfa). L’analyse des résultats a révélé que toutes les mères (100%) connaissaient le Moringa oleifera, les tourteaux d’arachide et leurs bienfaits nutritionnels. Ainsi, 57% des mères affirmait que le Moringa oleifera augmente le sang, 76,5% pensait que les tourteaux d’arachide contribuent à construire l’organisme, 97% des mères était d’accord à l’adjonction de ces ingrédients dans la bouille des enfants, 86,9% des mères affirmait que le Moringa oleifera et les tourteaux d’arachide sont disponibles dans leurs villages ou aux alentours et que 85% pensait être capables de se les procurer chaque jour pour en mettre dans la bouillie des enfants. Ces résultats sont un bon indicateur de l’opinion des mères sur la faisabilité de l’enrichissement des bouillies locales et pourrait être un moyen efficace pour prévenir et combattre la sous-nutrition au Niger.Mots clés : Opinions, enrichissement, bouillie, moringa, tourteaux d’arachide, sous-nutrition.

English Title: Opinions of mothers of children aged 06-59 months on the enrichment of local porridge with Moringa oleifera powder and groundnut meal in NigerThe objective of this article was to measure the opinion of mothers on the enrichment of local porridge with Moringa oleifera powder and peanut cake, then measure their consent to give this porridge to children. To achieve this, we carried out in February 2019, individual interviews with 451 mothers from the four departments with a high prevalence of malnutrition in the Maradi region (Mayahi, Aguié, Tessaoua and Madarounfa). Analysis of the results revealed that all mothers (100%) were aware of Moringa oleifera, peanut cake and their nutritional benefits. 57% of mothers said that the Moringa oleifera increases blood, 76.5% thought that peanut cake helps to build the body, 97% of mothers agreed to the addition of these ingredients in the boil of the children, 86.9% of mothers said that Moringa oleifera and peanut cake are available in or around their villages and that 85% thought they would be able to get them every day for porridge children. C he results are a good indicator of maternal opinion on the feasibility of enriching local boiled and could be an effective means for the prevention and management of under-nutrition in Niger.Keywords : Opinions, enrichment, porridge, moringa, peanut cake, undernutrition.
Effet de l’inoculation mycorhizienne avec des souches des champignons mycorhiziens arbusculaires sur la croissance de Mucuna pruriens (L.) DC en condition contrôlée
Authors: Haro Hadou , Semde Kadidia , Bahadio Kadidiata , Sanon Kadidia B.
Published: July 2020

Au Burkina Faso, l’élevage occupe plus de 80% des ménages ruraux et constitue le troisième produit d’exportation après l’or et le coton. De type extensif, cet élevage est basé essentiellement sur l’exploitation des ressources naturelles. Ainsi, il doit s’adapter aux grandes variations saisonnières et interannuelles des ressources en biomasse végétale et en eau. Or les aléas climatiques, l’étendue et la qualité des pâturages, de même que les contraintes rendent l’activité pastorale souvent précaire. C’est ainsi que cette étude a été initiée dans le but de contribuer à améliorer la production fourragère. Dans cette étude, Mucuna pruriens a été cultivé en serre et inoculé avec deux inocula de champignons mycorhiziens arbusculaires. Les paramètres de croissance ont été mesurés à 30 et 60 jours après semis. La biomasse aérienne, racinaire et totale a été évaluée à 60 jours après semis. Les résultats montrent une amélioration de la croissance en hauteur du mucuna de 225,76%, de la biomasse aérienne de 56,79%, la biomasse racinaire de 70% et la biomasse totale de 61,16% par rapport au témoin non inoculé. Cette étude a montré des résultats intéressants et mérite d’être approfondie par des essais in situ tout en étendant l’étude sur les inoculations rhizobiennes.Mots clés : Mucuna, inoculation mycorhizienne, champignons mycorhiziens arbusculaires.

 

English Title: Effect of mycorrhizal inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi strains on Mucuna pruriens (L.) DC growth under controlled conditionIn Burkina Faso, breeding occupies more than 80% of rural households and is the third export product after gold and cotton. Extensive type, this breeding is based essentially on the exploitation of natural resources. Thus, it must adapt to large seasonal and interannual variations in plant biomass and water resources. Climatic hazards, the extent and quality of pastures, as well as constraints make pastoral activity often precarious. Therefore, this study was initiated with the aim of helping to improve forage production. In this study, Mucuna pruriens was grown in a greenhouse and inoculated with two inocula of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. The growth parameters were measured at 30 and 60 days after sowing. Shoot, root and total biomass was evaluated at 60 days after sowing. The results show an improvement in the height growth of mucuna by 225.76%, shoot biomass by 56.79%, root biomass by 70% and total biomass by 61.16% compared to the control. This study showed interesting results and deserves to be deepened by in situ tests while extending the study of rhizobial inoculations.

Keywords: Mucuna, mycorrhizal inoculation, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi
Enhancement of ciprofloxacin activity by incorporating it in solid lipid nanoparticles
Authors: Alarifi Saqer , Massadeh Salam , Al-Agamy Mohammed , Aamery Manal A.l. , Al Bekairy Abdulkareem , Yassin Alaa Eldeen
Published: July 2020

Purpose: To incorporate ciprofloxacin (CIP) into solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) in order to enhance its biopharmaceutical properties and antibacterial activity.Methods: A sonication melt-emulsification method was employed for the preparation of CIP-loaded SLN. The composition of the SLN was varied in order to investigate factors such as lipid type and combination ratio, drug to lipid ratio, and surfactant ratio. The produced SLN formulations wereevaluated for their particle size and shape, zeta potential, and entrapment efficiency. In addition, the effect of SLN formulation composition on its drug release profile and antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas Aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus Aureus was also investigated.Results: The generated nanoparticles had particle size in the range of 165 to 320 nm. The zetapotential values were generally low within ± 5. All formulations exhibited entrapment efficiency between 50 and 90 %. CIP release exhibited a biphasic release profile with a low burst phase, followed by uniform controlled-release behavior of various rates. SLN-loaded CIP exhibited one-fold reduction in minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and caused significant inhibition of all the three bacterial strains tested, when compared with pure CIP.Conclusion: Loading of CIP into SLN significantly enhances its antimicrobial activity in vitro which can translate to significant enhancement of therapeutic outcomes by minimizing the dose-dependent adverse and side effects and/or enhancing the antimicrobial spectrum of activity.

Keywords: Solid lipid nanoparticles, Sonication melt-emulsification, Ciprofloxacin, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Aloperine attenuates carbon tetrachloride-induced mouse hepatic injury via Nrf2/HO-1 pathway
Authors: Xiong Rui , Shan Shuzhong , Wang Xiaoming , Zhang Xiaowen , Yu Haixia , Shi Haomin , Wang Xuejiao
Published: July 2020

Purpose: To investigate whether aloperine pretreatment ameliorates acute liver injury in carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-treated mice.Methods: Mice were injected with CCl4 and orally administered aloperine. Blood samples and liver tissues were used for histopathological and biochemical analyses, respectively. Protein expression levels were determined by western blotting.Results: Histopathological analysis indicate that aloperine pretreatment significantly alleviated CCl4- induced mouse hepatic injury. CCl4 treatment induced the upregulation of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine amino transferase (ALT), and total bilirubin (p < 0.05). However, these alterations were significantly inhibited by aloperine treatment. Moreover, aloperine pretreatment markedly decreased (p < 0.05) the CCl4-induced expression of oxidative stress biomarkers, including malondrialdeline (MDA), glutathione (GSH), catalase (CAT), and  superoxide dismutase (SOD). Compared to the control group, the protein levels of Nrf2, HO-1, iNOS, and COX-2 were significantly increased in the CCl4 group, while Nrf2 and HO-1 were upregulated. Furthermore, iNOS and COX-2 were downregulated in mouse liver in CCl4 + aloperine group compared to CCl4 group in a concentration-dependent manner (p < 0.05).Conclusion: Aloperine pretreatment appears to markedly upregulate Nrf2 and HO-1 and downregulate iNOS and COX-2 to suppress hepatic injury in mice. Thus, aloperine is a promising treatment for acute liver injury.

Keywords: Hepatic injury, Aloperine, Oxidative stress, Nrf2/HO-1 pathway
Molecular docking studies of natural compounds of naringin on enzymes involved in the urea cycle pathway in hyperammonemia
Authors: Arumugam Ramakrishnan , Mani Renuka , Venkatesan Amalan , Sengamalai Senthilmurugan , Natesan Vijayakumar , Kim Sung-Jin
Published: July 2020

Purpose: To investigate the anti-hyperammonemic activity of naringin by molecular docking via in silico studies.Methods: Urea cycle proteins were docked to the natural compound naringin as well as a standard drug, sodium benzoate. Hydrogen bonds and binding energy were obtained using Catalytic Site Atlas and Cast P Finder Software Tool.Results: There were six urea cycle enzymes, including N-acetyl glutamate synthase, carbamoyl phosphate synthase I, ornithine transcarbamylase, argininosuccinate synthase, argininosuccinate lyase and arginase I. On evaluating protein interactions with naringin, which is dynamically  connected to the urea cycle pathway with hyperammonemia, naringin showed more hydrogen bonds and also produced higher binding energy when compared to the standard drug, sodium benzoate.Conclusion: The results of the molecular docking study show that naringin interacts with urea cycle enzymes with more hydrogen bonds and higher bonding energy than the standard drug, sodium benzoate. This supports the hypothesis that naringin can prevent experimental hyperammonemia.

Keywords: Naringin, Sodium benzoate, Hyperammonemia, Urea cycle enzymes, In silico studies
Alchornea floribunda (Müll. Arg.) - A review of its phytochemistry and biological activities
Authors: Agbo Matthias O , Okoye Festus B.C. , Ebi Godwin C. , Osadebe Patience O.
Published: July 2020

Alchornea floribunda is an evergreen plant that grows up to 32 feet tall and belongs to the family of Euphorbiaceae. It is found mainly in African forest undergrowth. In Nigeria, its leaves, stems and roots are widely used in folkloric medicine to manage ailments and diseases. The pharmacological activity of A. floribunda depends mainly on the part used. A previous study showed that the leaves have antiinflammatory, antimicrobial, antioxidant and anti-cancer activities, while its roots and stem possess antibacterial activity. Thus, this review takes a critical look at previously reported findings and information about the phytochemistry, biological activities and various isolated bioactive constituents from the leaf, root and stem of Alchornea floribunda.

Keywords: Alchornea floribunda, Phytochemistry, Inflammatory, Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, Anti-cancer
Cordycepin reverses cisplatin resistance in human bladder cancer cells via the PTEN/PI3K/AKt pathway
Authors: Li Sheng , Zhou Li-bin , Wu Tie-lin , Yin Min , Long Hui-min
Published: July 2020

Purpose: To study the influence of cordycepin (Cor) on cisplatin insensitivity in bladder carcinoma, and its underlying mechanism of action.Methods: The effects of cisplatin and Cor treatments on the viability of T24-sensitive and T24/DDPinsensitive bladder carcinoma cells were investigated by using 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2-H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) method to assess selectivity index. Flow cytometry was employed to evaluate the apoptosis of T24/DDP-resistant bladder cancer cells treated with cisplatin and Cor. The concentrations of PTEN, p-AKt and Akt in T24/DDP-resistant bladder cancer cells treated with cisplatin and Cor were determined by western blot assay.Results: Compared with T24-sensitive cells, the sensitivity of T24/DDP-resistant bladder cancer cells to cisplatin was significantly decreased, along with significant increase in half-inhibitory concentration (IC50) value, resulting in 10.56-fold increase in resistance (p < 0.05). The median effective concentration (EC50) value of Cor for DDP reversal was 1.03 ± 0.15 μM, and it had a high selectivity index for normal cells (> 48.5). The results from flow cytometry showed that Cor significantly enhanced the apoptosisinducing capacity of DDP in T24/DDP-resistant cells (p < 0.05), while Western blot data indicate that PTEN protein expression increased and phosphorylated Akt protein expression decreased in T24/DDPresistantcells after Cor treatment when compared with control group (p < 0.05).Conclusion: Cordycepin significantly improves the sensitivity of T24/ DDP-resistant bladder cancer cells to cisplatin via a mechanism related to the activation of PTEN/AKt signaling pathway, thus indicating that it is a potential candidate reversing DDP-resistance in bladder cancer.

Keywords: Bladder cancer, Cordycepin, Cisplatin resistance, PTEN/Akt signaling pathway
Venous thromboembolism in COVID-19: systematic review of reported risks and current guidelines
Authors: Fontana Pierre , Casini Alessandro , Robert-Ebadi Helia , Glauser Frederic , Righini Marc , Blondon Marc
Published: July 2020

AIMS OF THE STUDY
Many centres have noticed a high number of venous thromboembolism (VTE) events among critically ill inpatients with COVID-19 pneumonia. The aims of this study were (1) to summarise the reported risk of VTE associated with COVID-19 infections and (2) to summarise guidance documents on thromboprophylaxis in COVID-19 patients, in a systematic review.

METHODS
We systematically searched for peer-reviewed evidence on the risk of VTE in patients with COVID-19, in PubMed, Embase and Twitter, and for guidelines or guidance documents for thromboprophylaxis, from international or national societies relevant to the field of thrombosis and haemostasis, up to April 30 2020.

RESULTS
We found 11 studies (1 clinical trial, 7 retrospective cohorts and 3 prospective cohorts), which included a range of 16 to 388 in patients with COVID-19 (total of 1369 inpatients). The diagnoses of COVID-19 and VTE were of high quality, but the follow-up was often unclear. Most studies reported universal in-hospital thromboprophylaxis. Among all inpatients and among intensive care unit (ICU) inpatients with COVID-19, reported risks of VTE were 4.4–8.2% (three studies) and 0–35.3% (six studies), respectively. Two studies at least partially screened for VTE in ICU inpatients with COVID-19, and found risks of 24.7–53.8%. We found 12 guidelines for thromboprophylaxis of COVID-19 patients. The majority suggested universal pharmacological thromboprophylaxis in all COVID-19 inpatients, but there was heterogeneity in the suggested intensity of thromboprophylaxis: seven advised considering intensified doses of heparin according to the clinical or biological severity of the disease, especially in the ICU setting.

CONCLUSIONS
Venous thromboembolism very commonly complicates the clinical course of inpatients with COVID-19, despite thromboprophylaxis. The risk appears highest among critically ill inpatients. We found no estimates of risks among outpatients. Many questions remain unresolved, as delineated by the heterogeneity of national and international guidelines. This situation calls for fast randomised clinical trials, comparing different schemes of thromboprophylaxis in COVID-19 inpatients.
Evaluación de la estrategia educativa implementada para la formación de la competencia del Proceso Atención de Enfermería Gerontogeriátrica en estudiantes de licenciatura de la Facultad de Enfermería No.2, de la Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero cohorte 2014-2019.
Authors: Gil Nava Maximina , Morales Iturio Alicia , Sánchez Jaimez Blanca Estela , Abarca Gutiérrez Leticia , Ramírez Martínez Patricia
Published: July 2020

En el marco de la tendencia educativa global de la formación profesional en el nivel de pregrado los planes de estudios coinciden en la fundamentación teórica pedagógica del constructivismo social y el humanismo crítico, en éste panorama se inscribe la importancia de la investigación de la evaluación de la estrategia educativa implementada en la Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero para atender la competencia básica del Proceso Atención de Enfermería Gerontogeriátrica que atiende las necesidades de salud derivadas del proceso de envejecimiento demográfico inédito del siglo XXI, con estilos de vida no saludables que se relacionan con enfermedades crónico-degenerativas que conllevan discapacidades y dependencia funcional. Esta investigación aporta estrategias y criticidad reflexiva que proponga soluciones ante los problemas delcuidado gerontogeriátrico.
Table of Contents
Authors: Journals Europasian
Published: July 2020

Editorial

Corona Virus Disease (COVID-19) Outbreak and the Strategy for Prevention

Ahmad Naeem Sajed, Kapil Amgain

Original Articles

Efficacy of Mefenamic acid and Ginger on Pain Relief in Primary Dysmenorrhea Among Basic Sciences Students of Nepalgunj Medical College

Ankita Singh, Bijay Aryal, Sushma Deo

Association between Sella Turcica Bridging and Hypodontia - A Radiographic Study

Sanjay Prasad Gupta, Shristi Rauniyar

Thrombocytopenia as a Predictor of Severity of Pneumonia in a Tertiary Care Center in Nepal

Bhawana Amatya, Yagya Laxmi Shakya, Pratap Narayan Prasad

Formulation and Evaluation of Fast Dissolving Oral Films of Cetirizine Hydrochloride

Deepti Piya Baniya, Gaurav Pandey, Mijala Bajaracharya, Bishwo Raj Dhungana

Prevalence of depressive symptoms and its associated factors among male prisoners at Dillibazar prison, Kathmandu, Nepal

Kushalata Baral, Maginsh Dahal, Ganga Khadka, Anup Adhikari

Prevention of Hypertension at Intubation: A Controlled Study of Sublingual Nifedipine

Nirmal Kumar Gyawali

Drug Dosage Adjustment of Chronic Kidney disease Patients at Nephrology Ward in Tertiary Care Hospital of Nepal

Sonu Pakhrin, Sumitra Shrestha, Renu Karki, Nirmal Raj Marasine, Rajendra Lama, Mandip Pokhrel

Evaluation of Facial and Dental Midline Discrepancies in Nepalese Population

Surendra Maharjan, Anjana Rajbhandari , Resina Pradhan, Manju Bajracharya, Pushkar Manandhar, Bashu Dev Pant

Use of Social Media among Intern Doctors in Regards to Covid-19

Prativa Subedi, Bibechan Thapa, Aakriti Pandey

Post Exercise Change in Peak Expiratory Flow Rate and its Relation with Body Adiposity in Nepalese Settings

Narayan Bahadur Mahotra, Vibina Aryal, Lava Shrestha, Sabita Kandel, Sait Pradhan, Mahesh Man Bajimaya, Neha Malla, Neeti Bhat

Short Communication

Dental Care Management: Till We Bid Farewell to Covid-19

Pushkar Manandhar, Sajana Shrestha Manandhar

COVID-19 in Nepal: Scarcity of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) and its Alternative

Laxmi Panthy, Jagadishwor Panthi, Kapil Amgain, Pooja Thapaliya, Jos Van Laar

Case Reports

Successful Pregnancy after Previous Uterine Rupture

Kenusha Tiwari, Aruna Karki, Ganesh Dangal, Hema Pradhan, Ranjana Shrestha, Kabin Bhattachan, Rekha Paudel, Nishma Bajracharya, Sonu Bharati

Effectiveness of Integrated Approach on Cancer Care

Pramod Bhatta

Viewpoints

Choice of Food: A Preventive Measure during Covid-19 Outbreak

Archana Bhatta

What can other countries learn from South Korea’s COVID-19 responses?

Prakash Shahi, Pasang Devi Tamang, Yagya Bahadur Rokaya

Letter to Editor

Ongoing COVID-19 pandemic: Current Status of Nepal

Ved Prakash Mishra, Sunil Paudel, Suraj Twanabasu, Kajol Thapa, Susan Kusma  pdf
Access to Maternal Health Services during COVID-19
Authors: Pant Smriti , Koirala Saugat , Subedi Madhusudan
Published: July 2020

Most causes of maternal morbidity and mortality can be prevented by giving prompt, suitable treatment to the women by qualified health practitioners. Maternal health services (MHS), which include antenatal care, delivery care, and postnatal care, can play a crucial role in preventing maternal health problems. The recent coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has had a disastrous effect on the health care delivery system of people of all ages, on a global scale but pregnant women face particular challenges. The aim of this review is to assess the effect of COVID-19 on access to MHS. For writing this narrative review, national and international reports on maternal health services during COVID-19, along with journal articles on the related topic were reviewed. Due to this pandemic, women worldwide are facing more barriers to accessing maternal health care, including restrictions, transport challenges, and anxiety over possibly being exposed to coronavirus. Many women preferred not to seek healthcare due to the fear of themselves being infected with the virus or transmitting it to their unborn babies. Additionally, movement restriction has made it difficult for many pregnant women to reach health care facilities. Even those who managed to reach health facilities have reported not receiving timely care. As a result, a considerable rise in maternal mortality globally has been estimated over the next six months. Despite the circumstances, efforts have been made to boost maternal health in both developed and developing countries. This pandemic has highlighted the importance of health preparedness with special attention given to vulnerable people like pregnant women and newborns while planning for such events.
Convalescent Plasma Therapy: a Possible Treatment of COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Sapkota Shubha Devi , Sharma Monika , Bhusal Gehendra
Published: July 2020

COVID 19 is a newly recognized infectious disease that has rapidly spread with no verified treatment available. It is caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-COV-2). In Convalescent plasma therapy, the yellowish liquid or the plasma from the recovered blood is used to treat the patient suffering from the same illness. For more than 100 years it has been used to treat severe infections with varying degrees of success. For this present infection, multiple clinical trials on plasma therapy are still under vigorous investigations. Despite the very low chance of risks like allergies, lung damage, and transmission of blood-related infection, the therapy has shown a positive result in the recovery of the patients. Many experts are observing its use as a “stopgap measure” until effective vaccines and antiviral drugs are available in a wide range. However, the main challenges faced are finding suitable donors, its expensiveness in the whole procedure, and inability to perform on a large scale. In this commentary, summarization of the convalescent plasma therapy is done as a hopeful alternative therapy of severe or critical COVID 19. It has also emphasized the promising results shown since the past while the use of this therapy in various infectious diseases.
Examining the Relationship between Consumption of Counterfeit Apparel and Construction of Self-Identity: A Study of Pakistani Women
Authors: Bilal Atif , Ahmad Wisal , Zeb Shumaila
Published: July 2020

The production, sale, and purchase of counterfeit apparel are illegal and unethical and in most cases are secret activities. Despite a number of campaigns to discourage piracy of various merchandise, the fashion industry in Pakistan is unable to weed out this bug from the markets. This study intends to examine the association between the consumption of counterfeit goods and the construction of self-identity. The paper, drawing upon thirty-six detailed interviews with female participants who owned both branded apparel and their copies, argues that the purchase and consumption of counterfeit apparel provides real and symbolic benefits to consumers, which contributes to the creation of their identity and projection of their desired social self-image. Participants described three important benefits that can be enjoyed through the consumption of counterfeit apparel: to be efficient by utilizing limited resources to the fullest; to have fun by going through risk, enjoyment and adventure; and to mislead others by hiding the reality of their clothes. Research findings indicate that In addition, when consumers of counterfeit apparel successfully accomplish these goals, they are able to construct a confident self-identity through which they portray themselves as savvy consumers to others. The present study can enrich and update the existing body of knowledge regarding the consumption of counterfeit products. It can also enable apparel manufacturers to tap into the psyche and motivations of consumers who purchase counterfeit apparel and too can provide them with guidelines to attract and retain consumers.
Multinationals, SMEs and Non-Profit Organisations participating in the UN Global Compact
Authors: Carby-Hall Jo
Published: July 2020

This paper attempts to illustrate the importance of the UN Global compact concept by examining its history and features, analysing its weaknesses and criticisms, evaluating its strengths and asking if its continuance is desirable globally. In the summing up part of the paper the conclusion is reached that the continuance of the Global Compact is essential.
Challenges and strategies used to increase the report of Brazilian Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation (HSCT) data to the Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research (CIBMTR)
Authors: Da Silva Cinthya Corrêa , Neves Heliz Regina Alves das , Simione Anderson João , Geraldo Bruna Letícia da Silva Santos , Miranda Eliana Cristina Martins , Pasquini Marcelo C. , Ammi Monique Suzanne , Seber Adriana , Vergueiro Carmen Silvia Vieitas , Duarte Fernando Barroso , Colturato Vergilio Antonio Rensi , Hamerschlak Nelson
Published: July 2020

To increase the report of Brazilian hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) data to the Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research (CIBMTR), the Data Managers Working Group (GTGD) of the Brazilian Society of Bone Marrow Transplants (SBTMO), and the Sao Paulo State Bone Marrow Association (AMEO) developed several strategies since 2016: training data managers (GDs) in national and international HSCT meetings, the development of a free online teaching course (EAD) in Portuguese on Transplant Essential Data (TED), on­line and presential training course for new data managers offered by AMEO, the approval by the National Committee of Ethics in Research (CONEP) of a national multicenter protocol to formalize sharing data of Brazilian transplants with the CIBMTR, and the first multicenter eval­uation our HSCT results using the CIBMTR Data Back to Center. The contract between SBTMO and CIBMTR was signed in 2019 and GTGD of the SBTMO was officially created. These actions resulted in an increase from 24 to 41 transplant centers registered at the CIBMTR from 2016 to 2019. The process of increasing adherence and continuity of HSCT reports to the CIBMTR is complex and requires commitment of all professionals involved HSCT. The success of this process depends on education of the GD and the involvement of all HSCT directors.
Perbandingan Model Kopel ECMWF System 4 Dan CFSV2 Untuk Prediksi Musim Di Indonesia
Authors: Muharsyah Robi
Published: July 2020

Kajian ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan curah hujan harian keluaran langsung (raw) dari dua model kopel: European Center Medium Weather Forecast System 4 (S4) dan Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) sebagai model prediksi musim operasional pada periode Juni, Juli dan Agustus (JJA) dan Desember, Januari dan Februari (DJF). Kemampuan kedua model diukur berdasarkan ketersediaan prediksi reforecast yang diverifikasi terhadap data observasi curah hujan Global Precipitation Climatology Project (GPCP) dan Southeast Asian Observation - Southeast Asian Climate Assessment and Dataset (SA-OBS SACAD) untuk wilayah Bumi Maritim Indonesia (BMI). Ukuran verifikasi yang dipakai berupa bias aktual, bias relatif, spread anggota ensemble dalam bentuk boxplot dan akumulasi curah hujan per musim, serta korelasi spasial. Hasilnya, untuk DJF, kemampuan kedua model cenderung overestimate untuk wilayah perairan di sekitar tipe-C. Sebaliknya, untuk prediksi curah hujan di daratan keduanya underestimate. Sementara itu, untuk JJA, bias kedua model saling berkebalikan khususnya di pulau Kalimantan. Kajian ini juga menggunakan metode post-processing statistik koreksi bias untuk mengetahui pengaruhnya terhadap semua anggota ensemble pada kedua model
O legado da "Igreja dos pobres" para a Igreja na América Latina
Authors: Pereira Sueli da Cruz
Published: July 2020

Na convocação para a realização do Concílio Vaticano II era evidente a necessidade de a Igreja dialogar com o mundo atual e com todas as mudanças e transformações que ele acarreta. Como bem sabemos, cada participante do Concílio levava consigo as principais problemáticas e necessidades a serem refletidas a partir da realidade que o circunda. Neste sentido se formaram dentro do Concílio alguns grupos de bispos que tinham a mesma visão social, política e eclesial para refletir as diversas temáticas. Dentre eles destacou-se o grupo “Igreja dos pobres”. O próprio nome do grupo revelava o desejo de fazer com que o Concílio assumisse em seus documentos a centralidade dos pobres e a vivência de uma Igreja pobre e para os pobres. Este desejo não foi concretizado no Concílio, mas ficou com um legado para a Igreja na América Latina que assumirá a temática especialmente nas Conferências de Medellín e de Puebla, e em sua prática pastoral.
Correlates of Psychiatric Inpatients Length of Stay in North-Central Nigeria
Authors: Agbir M T , Oyigeya M , Audu M , Obindo J , Goar S , Piwuna C , Obekpa I , Nwoga C , Maigari Y , Tungchama F , Amedu M , Gyang A
Published: July 2020

Long duration of hospitalisation has been associated with negative consequences of isolating the patients from their social network, initiating maladaptive patterns in the patients and worsening the burden of care on the relatives. In this particular study, we were interested in determining factors that correlate with length of stay on admission among in-patients receiving psychiatric services in North-Central Nigeria. The prospective study was part of a larger in-patients study conducted on 112 consenting patients admitted in the psychiatric wards of Benue State University Teaching Hospital Makurdi, Federal Medical Centre Makurdi and Jos University Teaching Hospital Jos during the study period. Patients who stayed on hospital admission for more than twenty-eight (28) days were classified as ‘long stay’, conversely, those who were discharged from admission after spending 28 days or less were referred to as ‘short stay’ patients. A total of 112 subjects were recruited for the study, 67(59.8%) were female while 45(40.2%) were male, the mean age was 36.98±11.09 years and 54(48.2%) subjects were still married at the time of the study. Forty-two representing 37.5% of the respondents stayed on admission for more than 28 days. The mean duration of stay was 28.8±24.5 days. Long duration of stay was found to be significantly associated with the quality of intimate partner relationship (p=0.001), years of completed education (p=0.021), age group (p=0.001), nature of psychiatric diagnosis (p=0.014), pharmacotherapy (p=0.001), comorbid physical condition (p=0.001), previous admission (p=0.001), defaulted treatment (p=0.001), frequency of previous episodes (p=0.001) and the number of years a patient has had the mental disorder (p=0.001). We concluded that, assessing duration of stay on admission among in-patients treatment for psychiatric disorders is very necessary.
PENGARUH MEDIA SOSIAL TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR BIOLOGI SISWA SMA NEGERI DI KOTA MAKASSAR
Authors: Anisa Anisa , Ernawati Ernawati
Published: July 2020

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk: (1) menganalisis pengaruh media sosial terhadap hasil belajar Biologi siswa SMA Negeri di Kota Makassar. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian ex-post facto. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh siswa SMA Negeri di Kota Makassar. Sampel penelitian sebanyak 335 siswa, diperoleh dengan menggunakan teknik  random sampling. Variabel yang diteliti adalah: (1) variabel bebas adalah media sosial; (2) variabel terikat adalah hasil belajar. Teknik pengumpulan data dengan menggunakan angket untuk memperoleh, sedangkan hasil belajar siswa diperoleh dari dokumentasi nilai hasil belajar biologi tahun akademik 2017/2018. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan;  pengaruh media sosial terhadap hasil belajar mahasiswa berada pada kategori rendah.
PENGARUH PENGGUNAAN MEDIA 3D SIENCE BERBASIS ANDROID DENGAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN KOOPERATIF TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR BIOLOGI SIWA KELAS VIII DI MTSNEGERI 1 MAROS BARU
Authors: M Kalsum
Published: July 2020

Penelitian ini termasuk penelitian Quasy Eksperimental. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana pengaruh penggunaan media 3D Science Berbasis Android Dengan Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif terhadap hasil belajar biologi kelas VIII MTs Negeri 1 Maros pada materi sistem pernafasan. Variabel bebas dalam penelitian ini adalah penggunaan Media 3D Science Berbasis Android sedangkan variabel terikat dalam penelitian ini adalah hasil belajar biologi peserta didik.Data dianalisis menggunakan Analisis uji  Deskriptive, Normalitas, Homogenitas, Hipotesis, dan Ngain dengan menggunakan SPSS versi 16. Pada penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa ada pengaruh penggunaan Media 3D Science Berbasis Android Dengan Model PembelajaranKooperatif terhadap hasil belajar biologi. Hal ini juga di buktikan dari hasil perolehan pengujian hipotesis dengan menggunakan uji-t yaitu diperoleh nilai thitung= 13.380 lebih besar dari  ttabel=1,66 dengan taraf signifikan 0,05 atau 5%. Selain itu dilihat dari hasil perhitungan postes setelah diberikan perlakuan media pembelajaran 3D Science  Berbasis Android sebanyak empat pertemuan dengan nilai rata-rata 85,71, lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan hasil perhitungan postes kelas kontrol dengan nilai rata-rata 77,50 yang diberikan perlakuan sebanyak empat kali pertemuan dengan menggunakan media pembelajaran dua dimensi.
The Coherent and Thermal Photons Radiation in the Enzyme
Authors: Gavahi Mehrad
Published: July 2020

This paper presents the theoretical states of radiation field in the mechanism of enzyme, for state of thermal and coherent radiation by concept of the quantum mechanics. For illustrating the energy and distribution of photon, we used simple concepts of the radiation field in the enzyme. We try to present the thermal radiation and coherent radiation happened in the biological microscopic system especially in the enzyme, and show that, these radiations could break the hydrogen bond pairs in the enzyme (substrate) at high temperature (above 323K) and show its effects on the relative activity of the enzyme.
La Matemática recreativa en la mejora de la capacidad de resolución de problemas: caso I.E. Miguel Cortés – Castilla – Piura
Authors: Seminario Morales María Verónica , Sánchez Chero Manuel Jesús , Timaná Alvarez Marcos , Sánchez Chero José Antonio , Cieza Altamirano Gilder
Published: July 2020

La presente investigación basada en la capacidad de resolución de problemas, tuvo como objetivo “Determinar el efecto de la matemática recreativa en la mejora de la capacidad de resolución de problemas en alumnos del primero de secundaria de la IE Miguel Cortés– Castilla”; basado en el método de Polya. Su importancia radica en que servirá como soporte didáctico para el trabajo del docente. Esta investigación experimental, cuasi experimental, trabajó con dos grupos no equivalentes. La muestra fue de 50 alumnos y se les aplicó un pre test y post test, cuya hipótesis se validó con la t de Student. Los resultados mostraron que antes del cuasi experimento las t calculadas eran menores que las t de tablas, además en el post test el grupo experimental en las tres capacidades de estudio sobre un total de 60 puntos, obtuvieron una diferencia de incrementos a su favor de 8.52 puntos. Por lo que se afirma que el grupo experimental ha tenido efectos positivos después de haberles aplicado el programa, en comparación con el grupo control. Con estos resultados se estima haber contribuido con los docentes en mención y con la ciencia matemática en el mejoramiento de la capacidad de resolución de problemas.
Simplificación del cálculo del volumen de activación y el valor zP para los modelos lineales de inactivación microbiana, enzimática o retención nutricional
Authors: Miranda Zamora William Rolando , Sánchez Chero Manuel Jesús , Sánchez Chero José Antonio , Gutiérrez Valverde Karina
Published: July 2020

Los cálculos de procesos de alta presión hidrostática implican cinéticas de reacción de primer orden las cuales han sido comúnmente descritas por el método del tiempo de muerte de presión en el campo de la ingeniería de los alimentos. El objetivo de esta investigación fue revisar un análisis de varios ejemplos recogidos de la literatura científica de la metodología de simplificación. Los datos para obtener las constantes de volumen de activación (Va) y las constantes de resistencia a la presión (zP) han sido recuperados de la literatura y clasificados en microorganismos, enzimas y nutrientes. La mayoría de los datos están disponibles en la forma de ecuaciones por lo que ha sido necesario escoger literatura que cuenta con los datos para poder volver a calcular con el nuevo planteamiento la constante de volumen de activación (Va) y la constante de resistencia a la presión (zP). Los resultados de las ecuaciones con el nuevo procedimiento predicen tan igual que las de la literatura, pero éstas permiten el fácil manejo de los datos cinéticos con solamente un ajuste, como se muestran hasta ocho (8) maneras de poder determinar las constantes de Va y valor zP, que son resumidas en tablas.
Variations of graphene nanotube membrane support layer in outlet flux of PAFO system
Authors: Javarani Leila , Malakootian Mohammad , Hessam Hassani Amir , Hossein Javid Amir
Published: July 2020

The PAFO system is a solution in the desalination of seawater using a hydraulic pressure of 5 bar, which competes with the FO system (direct osmosis). The project includes four stages of pilot construction, entrainment detection, graphene nanotube membrane synthesis and, finally, efficiency determination and outflow modeling of the PAFO system. High Flux is the most important parameter of the system test for practical application. According to the results, the highest flow of current (120 l / m2.hr) was calculated at the osmotic pressure of 55, indicating a 50% increase in the flow of water with KOH fertilizer as entrainment solution and membrane of low thickness backing layer. Outflow values were calculated using theoretical modeling (MATLAB software). The results show the consistency of the outflow with the flow of the proposed chi model.
Wastewater treatment by coagulatıon wıth countercurrent sludge return
Authors: Alekseev E.V.
Published: July 2020

Industrial wastewater contains pollutants that do not oxidize under the biological wastewater treatment conditions of populated areas. The treatment of wastewater containing persistent organic substances can be effective in its extraction. Using only water treatment separation methods does not provide sufficient efficiency. Significantly better results are obtained by combining the persistent organic pollutant coagulation method with subsequent separation processes. The disadvantage of coagulation is the need to use large doses of reagents and a large number of wastewater treatment processes. The objective of the research was to determine the possibility of reducing the doses of mineral coagulants and related reagents while maintaining sufficient efficiency in the treatment of contaminant water by countercurrent transfer of the solid phase of the sludge to the previous separation stages. . For the experimental investigation, a facility was used, which included a three-section block of sedimentation chambers, equipment for the manufacture and dosage of reagents, devices for pumping sludge and water sampling. The research was carried out in aqueous solutions of contaminants: persistent synthetic dyes used in the textile industry. The concentration of the dye solutions was assumed to be constant, equal to 150 mg / l. Three series of experiments were carried out with different conditions to dose the coagulant and return the hydroxyl mud. The results of the experiments were analyzed using the Langmuir adsorption equation and the graphical constructions of the equilibrium and the lines of work of the contaminant extraction process. Compared to the traditional single-stage coagulation scheme, which includes a single addition of reagents without reusing the sludge, the use of solid-phase countercurrent transfer coagulation schemes was found, based on the research results. of sludge conductors gives a significant reduction in the number of reagents consumed and, consequently, a decrease in the amount of sludge removed.