bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of solarization on critical period of weed control in sesame (Sesamum indicum L.)
Authors: Madandoust Mehdi , Ranjbar Ahmad
Published: December 2017

In order to determine the critical period of weed control in sesame, field studies were conducted during the 2014 and 2015 growing seasons in Estahban, Iran. The experiments were conducted based on factorial arrangement which involved a randomized complete block design with three replications. The first factor was conducted in two weed-infested and weed-free series until different phonological stages of sesame growth. These stages included a third pair true leaf initiation, first bud emergence, 50% opened flowers, and minor plants stop flowering, and the second factor was related to solarization which was achieved using light and dark polyethylene plastics and control. The results showed that the critical period of weed control was influenced by solarization so that solarization using light polyethylene plastic could severely shorten the critical period. Weed dry weight also gradually reduced, with increase in weed control, and the formation of first flower buds decreased significantly. Solarization did not have a great effect on the number of Convolvulus arvensis L. among the weeds, but its effect on one-year-old weeds was evident. Thus, weed infestation until the third pair true leaf initiation did not reduce sesame yield.
Fundamental Movement Skills of Children Living in England: The Role of Ethnicity and Native English Language
Authors: Eyre Emma L. J. , Walker Leanne Jaye , Duncan Michael J.
Published: December 2017

The development of fundamental movement skills (FMS) has been associated with children’s general health, and, while there is evidence to suggest that age, gender, physical activity, and socioeconomic status relate to FMS, the relationship of ethnicity and language barriers to FMS competence has been underexplored. These factors may be of particular interest for South Asian (SA) children who have lower physical activity and increased risk of metabolic disease. This cross-sectional study examined ethnic and language differences in FMS among 218 ethnically diverse five-year-old children (61 White ethnic background, 91 SA, 29 Black ethnic background, and 37 other), some with English as a native language ( n = 90) and some with English as an additional language ( n = 75), all recruited from within central England. Each child was assessed performing five locomotor skills (run, gallop, hop, leap, and jump) and six object skills (catch, kick, bounce, strike, underarm roll, and overarm throw) on the Test of Gross Motor Development-2 . A 2 (gender) × 4 (ethnicity) factor analysis of covariance assessed differences in the locomotor and object composite scores and total FMS score, while controlling for body mass index. A two-factor analysis of covariance assessed native language differences in their impact on FMS. We found ethnic and gender differences in FMS ( p < .05) in that SA children had poorer total FMS and locomotor scores than children of either White or Black ethnic backgrounds ( p = .004, p = .001, and p = .008, p = .002, respectively). Girls had poorer total ( p = .001) and locomotor FMS skills ( p < .001). Children with English as an additional language had similar FMS scores compared to children whose native language was English ( p > .05). The findings of low FMS competency in SA children and girls, irrespective of body mass index, suggest that developmentally appropriate interventions targeting SA children and girls are needed in early years. We discuss some unclear factors related to these differences.
‘Endurance Work’: Embodiment and the Mind–Body Nexus in the Physical Culture of High-Altitude Mountaineering
Authors: Allen-Collinson Jacquelyn , Crust Lee , Swann Christian
Published: December 2017

The 2015 Nepal earthquake and avalanche on Mount Everest generated one of the deadliest mountaineering disasters in modern times, bringing to media attention the physical-cultural world of high-altitude climbing. Contributing to the current sociological concern with embodiment, here we investigate the lived experience and social ‘production’ of endurance in this sociologically under-researched physical-cultural world. Via a phenomenological-sociological framework, we analyse endurance as cognitively, corporeally and interactionally lived and communicated, in the form of ‘endurance work’. Data emanate from in-depth interviews with 18 high-altitude mountaineers, 10 of whom experienced the 2015 avalanche. The article responds to Shilling’s call to address an important lacuna identified in sociological work: the need to investigate the embodied importance of cognition in the incorporation of culture. The concept of endurance work provides a powerful exemplar of this cognitive–corporeal nexus at work as a physical-culturally shaped, embodied practice and mode-of-thinking in the social world of high-altitude climbing.
Subjective financial situation and financial capability of young adults in Finland
Authors: Ranta Mette , Salmela-Aro Katariina
Published: December 2017

A key developmental task in young adulthood is acquiring financial capability (Serido, Shim, & Tang, 2013), meaning competent financial management skills and the responsibilities that these involve. This study extends previous research on the theoretical model of the development of financial capability, including financial confidence (or financial self-efficacy) and financial behavior as factors contributing to subjective and financial well-being. It is part of the Finnish Educational Transitions Studies (FinEdu) longitudinal research project. Participants were 418 young adults aged 24–25 at Time 1 and 26–27 at Time 2. Path and mediation models and Structural Equation Modeling following a modified theoretical model of financial capability were estimated. The results support the theoretical model of financial capability among young adults in Finland. The study complements previous research by investigating the associations between subjective financial situation and financial capability and their respective mediation effects over time.
On the origins of welfare stigma: Comparing two social assistance schemes in rural China
Authors: Li Mianguan , Walker Robert
Published: December 2017

While stigma has often been implicated in the low take-up of benefits, its aetiology is not well understood. Drawing distinctions from earlier research, notably differentiating personal, social and institutional stigma, the article explores how each is related to each other and how each alone, and in concert, is framed by political and local culture. As case-studies, two of the world’s largest social assistance schemes, Dibao and Wubao, are compared in a village in south central China based on ethnographic work with recipients, village cadre charged with implementing both schemes and non-recipients. In explaining the reasons for the very different level of stigma attaching to each scheme, the article unearths processes of salience to academics and policymakers.
Risk factors for hospital death in conditions needing palliative care: Nationwide population-based death certificate study
Authors: Gomes Barbara , Pinheiro Maria João , Lopes Sílvia , de Brito Maja , Sarmento Vera P , Lopes Ferreira Pedro , Barros Henrique
Published: December 2017

Background:

Most people would prefer to die at home as opposed to hospital; therefore, understanding mortality patterns by place of death is essential for health resources allocation.

Aim:

We examined trends and risk factors for hospital death in conditions needing palliative care in a country without integrated palliative care.

Design:

This is a death certificate study. We examined factors associated with hospital death using logistic regression.

Setting/participants:

All adults (1,045,381) who died between 2003 and 2012 in Portugal were included. We identified conditions needing palliative care from main causes of death: cancer, heart/cerebrovascular, renal, liver, respiratory and neurodegenerative diseases, dementia/Alzheimer’s/senility and HIV/AIDS.

Results:

Conditions needing palliative care were responsible for 70.7% deaths ( N = 738,566, median age 80); heart and cerebrovascular diseases (43.9%) and cancer (32.2%) accounted for most. There was a trend towards hospital death (standardised percentage: 56.3% in 2003, 66.7% in 2012; adjusted odds ratio: 1.04, 95% confidence interval: 1.04–1.04). Hospital death risk was higher for those aged 18–39 years (3.46, 3.25–3.69 vs aged 90+), decreasing linearly with age; lower in dementia/Alzheimer’s/senility versus cancer (0.13, 0.13–0.13); and higher for the married and in HIV/AIDS (3.31, 3.00–3.66). Effects of gender, working status, weekday and month of death, hospital beds availability, urbanisation level and deprivation were small.

Conclusion:

The upward hospital death trend and fact that being married are risk factors for hospital death suggest that a reliance on hospitals may coexist with a tradition of extended family support. The sustainability of this model needs to be assessed within the global transition pattern in where people die.
Needs of people with advanced dementia in their final phase of life: A multi-perspective qualitative study in nursing homes
Authors: Schmidt Holger , Eisenmann Yvonne , Golla Heidrun , Voltz Raymond , Perrar Klaus Maria
Published: December 2017

Background:

People with advanced dementia present an important target group for palliative care. They suffer a range of symptoms, and their verbal communication abilities are highly restricted. At present, little is known about their needs in the final phase of life.

Aim:

To identify the needs of people with advanced dementia in their final phase of life and to explore the aspects relevant to first recognize and then meet these needs.

Design:

Multi-perspective qualitative study using grounded theory methodology conducting group discussions, individual interviews, and participant observation.

Setting/participants:

The study encompassed nursing homes and involved health professionals, relatives, and residents with advanced dementia.

Results:

Data were collected in six nursing homes. Nine group discussions and three individual interviews were conducted comprising 42 health professionals and 14 relatives. Participant observations aided in giving the perspective of 30 residents with advanced dementia. Data analysis generated a total of 25 physical, psychosocial, and spiritual needs divided into 10 categories. Physical needs were classified as follows: “food intake,” “physical well-being,” and “physical activity and recovery.” Categories of psychosocial needs were classified as follows: “adaptation of stimuli,” “communication,” “personal attention,” “participation,” “familiarity and safety,” as well as “self-determination.” Spiritual needs addressed “religion.” The results revealed a multitude of key aspects for recognizing and meeting these needs, stressing the importance of personhood.

Conclusion:

People with advanced dementia in their final phase of life have a multitude of individual and complex needs. This evidence contributes to narrowing the current research gap, offering an orientation framework for research and practice.
Decisional control preferences among patients with advanced cancer: An international multicenter cross-sectional survey
Authors: Yennurajalingam Sriram , Rodrigues Luis Fernando , Shamieh Omar M , Tricou Colombe , Filbet Marilène , Naing Kyaw , Ramaswamy Akhileshwaran , Perez-Cruz Pedro Emilio , Bautista Mary Jocylyn S , Bunge Sofia , Muckaden Mary Ann , Fakrooden Sarah , Sewram Vikash , Tejedor Antonio Noguera , Rao Shobha S , Williams Janet L , Liu Diane D , Park Minjeong , Lu Zhanni , Cantu Hilda , Hui David , Reddy Suresh K , Bruera Eduardo
Published: December 2017

Background:

Understanding patients’ decision control preferences is important in providing quality cancer care. Patients’ decisional control preference can be either active (patients prefer to make decisions themselves), shared (collaborative between patient, their physician, and/or family), or passive (patients prefer that the decisions are made by either the physician and/or their family).

Aim:

To determine the frequency and predictors of passive decision control preferences among advanced cancer patients. We also determined the concordance between actual decision-making and decision control preferences and its association with patient satisfaction.

Design:

In this cross-sectional survey of advanced cancer patients referred to palliative care across 11 countries, we evaluated sociodemographic variables, Control Preference Scale, and satisfaction with the decisions and care.

Results:

A total of 1490 participants were evaluable. Shared, active, and passive decision control preferences were 33%, 44%, and 23%, respectively. Passive decision control preferences (odds ratio, p value) was more frequent in India (4.34, <0.001), Jordan (3.41, <0.001), and France (3.27, <0.001). Concordance between the actual decision-making and decision control preferences was highest in the United States ( k = 0.74) and lowest in Brazil (0.34). Passive decision control preference was significantly associated with (odds ratio per point, p value) better performance status (0.99/point, 0.017), higher education (0.64, 0.001), and country of origin (Brazil (0.26, <0.0001), Singapore (0.25, 0.0003), South Africa (0.32, 0.0002), and Jordan (2.33, 0.0037)).

Conclusion:

Passive decision control preferences were less common (23%) than shared and active decision control preference even among developing countries. Significant predictors of passive decision control preferences were performance status, education, and country of origin.
Follow-up interval for probably benign breast lesions on screening ultrasound in women at average risk for breast cancer with dense breasts
Authors: Moon Hee Jung , Kim Min Jung , Yoon Jung Hyun , Kim Eun-Kyung
Published: December 2017

Background

Women at high risk for breast cancer and women at average risk have different pretest probabilities. Probably benign lesions on screening ultrasound (US) should be assessed and managed differently for these two risk groups.

Purpose

To evaluate the effectiveness of short-term follow-up for probably benign lesions on screening US in women at average risk for breast cancer with dense breasts.

Material and Methods

A total of 445 women at average risk for breast cancer with probably benign lesions on screening US, dense breasts, and negative or benign mammography results were included. Women were classified into the six-month group (n = 345) or 12-month group (n = 100) according to when the first follow-up was performed (3–9 months or 9–15 months). The cancer detection rate, frequencies of newly developed lesions and progressed lesions, and biopsy rate were compared.

Results

There were no malignancies from three to 15 months. Three cancers newly developed after 15 months. One was a 3-mm ductal carcinoma in situ and two were 10-mm and 18-mm invasive ductal carcinoma without lymph node metastasis. The frequency of newly developed lesions and progressed lesions and biopsy rate were not significantly different between the six-month and 12-month groups ( P = 0.320, 0.621, and >0.999).

Conclusion

A follow-up at 12 months can be considered for probably benign lesions on screening US in women at average risk for breast cancer with dense breasts. However, a large series prospective study is needed before clinical application.
Experimental studies on artifacts and tumor enhancement on gadoxetic acid-enhanced arterial phase liver MRI in a rabbit VX2 tumor model
Authors: Tsuboyama Takahiro , Jost Gregor , Kim Tonsok , Hori Masatoshi , Onishi Hiromitsu , Pietsch Hubertus , Tomiyama Noriyuki
Published: December 2017

Background

Rapid injection of gadoxetic acid is reported to produce more frequent artifacts and lower vascular enhancement on arterial phase liver magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). However, its effect on tumor enhancement and the mechanism of the artifacts remain unclear.

Purpose

To evaluate the effect of rapid injection of gadoxetic acid on artifacts and tumor enhancement during arterial phase liver MRI, and on arterial blood gases (ABGs) which may explain the cause of the artifacts.

Material and Methods

ABG analysis was performed in 13 free-breathing rabbits after rapid injection (1 mL/s; injection time = 0.6–0.8 s) of gadoxetic acid (0.025 mmol/kg). Dynamic liver MRI was performed in six anesthetized rabbits with VX2 tumors under a ventilation stoppage after rapid and slow injection (0.25 mL/s; injection time = 2.4–3.2 s) of gadoxetic acid. Artifacts and signal enhancement on arterial phase imaging were compared with those obtained after rapid injection of gadopentetic acid (Gd-DTPA, 0.1 mmol/kg) using a Friedman test or Kruskal–Wallis test.

Results

ABG analysis did not find any significant changes. Artifacts were not related to injection protocols ( P = 0.95). Aortic enhancement with slow injection of gadoxetic acid was significantly higher than that with rapid injection ( P < 0.05), and was comparable to that with Gd-DTPA injection. Tumor enhancement obtained with gadoxetic acid was not significantly different between rapid and slow injection, and was significantly lower than that with Gd-DTPA injection ( P < 0.05).

Conclusion

Rapid injection of gadoxetic acid did not affect ABGs and may not be the cause of the artifacts. It lowered vascular enhancement but not arterial tumor enhancement.
Carry along Divine Protection as a Gift: The Exceptional Case of O.Birmingham 1969W71
Authors: Luiselli Maria Michela , Dorn Andreas
Published: December 2017

O. Birmingham 1969W71 is a very well preserved mid-Twentieth Dynasty ostracon belonging to the class of so-called ‘ostraca-stelae’. It shows two men in proskynesis in front of a unique iconographical composition of Mertseger and Ptah. While the captions added to the scene identify the men by their names and titles and additionally mention another individual not visually represented, they do not provide any information regarding their mutual relationship. Taking two graffiti as point of departure for the investigation into the ostracon, the present article will reconstruct the prosopography of the men named and demonstrate the agency of single individuals in matters of personal religion in Ramesside Egypt.
Innovation in Serdab Decoration in the Late Sixth Dynasty
Authors: Simons Frank
Published: December 2017

The decorative motif in the serdab of the tomb of Pepyankh Henykem at Meir is extremely unusual. Examination of this decoration, and a comparison with the few extant parallels, suggests that it represents a late Old Kingdom attempt at innovation in tomb decoration. In addition, the possibility of a personal link between Pepyankh and a family from Giza is presented.
Is an overconfident CEO good for advertising investments?
Authors: Wong Ying-Jiuan , Wang Chi-Feng
Published: December 2017

In this study, we identify a link between CEO overconfidence and advertising investments by examining the specific impact overconfident CEOs have on stock market responses to new TV commercial announcements. Furthermore, we investigate whether family ownership moderates this relationship. Our results reveal a negative correlation between CEO overconfidence and stock market performance, and that family ownership magnifies this negative relationship. Our study thus highlights the role CEOs’ personal attributes have on influencing investors’ assessments of corporate advertising investments and reveals there is a potential for family ownership to intensify this negative relationship between CEO overconfidence and the market value of new advertising investments.
Associations between Depressive Symptomatology and Neurocognitive Impairment in HIV/AIDS
Authors: Tymchuk Sarah , Gomez Daniela , Koenig Noshin , Gill M. John , Fujiwara Esther , Power Christopher
Published: December 2017

Objective:

Mood disorders and neurocognitive impairments are debilitating conditions among patients with HIV/AIDS. How these comorbidities interact and their relationships to systemic factors remain uncertain. Herein, we investigated factors contributing to depressive symptomatology (DS) in a prospective cohort of patients with HIV/AIDS in active care that included neuropsychological assessment.

Methods:

Among patients with HIV/AIDS receiving combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) and ongoing clinical assessments including measures of sleep, health-related quality of life (HQoL), neuropsychological testing, and mood evaluation (Patient Health Questionnaire–9 [PHQ-9]) were performed. Univariate and multivariate analyses were applied to the data.

Results:

In 265 persons, 3 categories of DS were established: minimal (PHQ-9: 0-4; n = 146), mild (PHQ-9: 5-9; n = 62), and moderate to severe (PHQ-9: 10+; n = 57). Low education, unemployment, diabetes, reduced adherence to treatment, HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND), low health-related quality of life (HQoL), reduced sleep times, and domestic violence were associated with higher PHQ-9 scores. Motor impairment was also associated with more severe DS. In a multinomial logistic regression model, only poor HQoL and shorter sleep duration were predictive of moderate to severe depression. In this multivariate model, the diagnosis of HAND and neuropsychological performance (NPz) were not predictive of DS.

Conclusions:

Symptoms of depression are common (45%) in patients with HIV/AIDS and represent a substantial comorbidity associated with multiple risk factors. Our results suggest that past or present immunosuppression and HAND are not linked to DS. In contrast, sleep quality and HQoL are important variables to consider in screening for mood disturbances among patients with HIV/AIDS and distinguishing them from neurocognitive impairments.
The Many Hats of Juvenile Probation Officers
Authors: Viglione Jill , Rudes Danielle , Nightingale Vienna , Watson Carolyn , Taxman Faye
Published: December 2017

The role of juvenile probation officers (JPOs) involves a balancing act between “child saving” and community safety activities. In this study, we examine JPOs’ supervision strategies and how these fit within a juvenile justice framework. Using surveys and latent class analysis, we examine the extent to which JPOs engage in a variety of case management and supervision strategies. Findings reveal little evidence supporting a purely law enforcement role and identified a new class of JPOs that does not fit within the traditional role definitions but focuses on a pro forma role that was nonengaged in case management and supervision activities.
Greenhouse gas contribution of municipal solid waste collection: A case study in the city of Istanbul, Turkey
Authors: Korkut Nafiz E , Yaman Cevat , Küçükağa Yusuf , Jaunich Megan K , Demir İbrahim
Published: December 2017

This article estimates greenhouse gas emissions and global warming factors resulting from collection of municipal solid waste to the transfer stations or landfills in Istanbul for the year of 2015. The aim of this study is to quantify and compare diesel fuel consumption and estimate the greenhouse gas emissions and global warming factors associated with municipal solid waste collection of the 39 districts of Istanbul. Each district’s greenhouse gas emissions resulting from the provision and combustion of diesel fuel was estimated by considering the number of collection trips and distances to municipal solid waste facilities. The estimated greenhouse gases and global warming factors for the districts varied from 61.2 to 2759.1 t CO2-eq and from 4.60 to 15.20 kg CO2-eq t-1, respectively. The total greenhouse gas emission was estimated as 46.4E3 t CO2-eq. Lastly, the collection data from the districts was used to parameterise a collection model that can be used to estimate fuel consumption associated with municipal solid waste collection. This mechanistic model can then be used to predict future fuel consumption and greenhouse gas emissions associated with municipal solid waste collection based on projected population, waste generation, and distance to transfer stations and landfills. The greenhouse gas emissions can be reduced by decreasing the trip numbers and trip distances, building more transfer stations around the city, and making sure that the collection trucks are full in each trip.
Theorizing the Process of Leaving a Violent Marriage and Getting a Divorce in Tehran
Authors: Nikparvar Fatemeh , Stith Sandra , Myers-Bowman Karen , Akbarzadeh Mojgan , Daneshpour Manijeh
Published: December 2017

This study utilized qualitative methods to develop a theory regarding the process used by Tehranian women who leave violent marriages to get a divorce. Findings from semistructured, in-depth interviews with nine women in Tehran who left their abusive husbands suggested that there are six stages in this process: “denial,” “using cognitive and internal strategies to save marriage,” “using behavioral and external strategies to save marriage,” “seeking power to end violence,” “preparation to leave marriage,” and “termination” stage. The implications of this study help therapists working with women in Tehran who are living in violent marriages and provide effective prevention and intervention services that are appropriately targeted to the specific needs of Iranian women.
With A Kiss: Betrayal
Authors: Bunkers Sandra Schmidt
Published: December 2017

The author in this article explores theoretical perspectives on the humanbecoming ethical tenet of betrayal. Perspectives on betrayal include betrayal as a breach of promise, a betrayal continuum, betrayal as incidental and intentional, betrayal as moral injury, betrayal trauma, and the humanbecoming perspective of betrayal linked to feeling disappointed.
Public Dialogue in Nursing and Healthcare
Authors: Clarke Pamela N. , Shattell Mona
Published: December 2017

Dialogue between two scholars on the importance of engagement with consumers as well as professionals. Social media is emphasized as a critical mode of communication.
Prevent Betrayal by Predatory Publishers: Trust But Verify
Authors: Florczak Kristine L.
Published: December 2017

In this column, the concept of betrayal is considered as it relates to publishing. The definition of betrayal is discussed, followed by information regarding the cost of publishing and why this led to the formation of open access publishing as a remedy. The Gold and Green Open Access models are examined along with why they may have inadvertently set the stage for predatory publishing practices. Finally, information will be provided on how to spot and avoid betrayal on the part of predatory publishers.
Feeling Peaceful: A Universal Living Experience
Authors: Doucet Thomas J.
Published: December 2017

The purpose of this study was to investigate the living experience of feeling peaceful. Parse’s research method was used to answer the question: What is the structure of the living experience of feeling peaceful? Twelve participants living in a community consented to partake in the study. The central finding of the study is the structure: feeling peaceful is contentedness amid tribulation, as unburdening surfaces with devout involvements. The findings are discussed in relation to the humanbecoming school of thought and extant literature.
Rediscovering the Art of Nursing to Enhance Nursing Practice
Authors: Henry Deborah
Published: December 2017

There is wide agreement that nursing practice is a combination of art and science. While the science is easily found in nursing education, research, and practice, the art is overshadowed. Philosophical and theoretical discussions on the art of nursing are plentiful, but research demonstrating its importance to nursing practice is lacking. In this article, the nature of nursing is explored separate from science, and a comprehensive exploration of the literature on the art of nursing is presented. Three themes concerning the art of nursing are identified and discussed, including implications for research, practice, and education.
Perspectives on Policy and the Value of Nursing Science in a Big Data Era
Authors: Gephart Sheila M. , Davis Mary , Shea Kimberly
Published: December 2017

As data volume explodes, nurse scientists grapple with ways to adapt to the big data movement without jeopardizing its epistemic values and theoretical focus that celebrate while acknowledging the authority and unity of its body of knowledge. In this article, the authors describe big data and emphasize ways that nursing science brings value to its study. Collective nursing voices that call for more nursing engagement in the big data era are answered with ways to adapt and integrate theoretical and domain expertise from nursing into data science.
Trajectories of Maintenance and Resilience in Healthful Eating and Exercise Behaviors in Older Adults
Authors: Clark Phillip G. , Greene Geoffrey W. , Blissmer Bryan J. , Lees Faith D. , Riebe Deborah A. , Stamm Karen E.
Published: December 2017

Objective: Our objective was to describe behavioral change trajectories for healthful eating and exercise in a group of community-dwelling older adults. A secondary aim was to determine predictors of maintenance and resilience. Method: Subjects were participants in the Study of Exercise and Nutrition in Older Rhode Islanders (SENIOR) I study who had achieved postaction stage of change for at least one behavior by its end. They were recruited for SENIOR II, a 48-month study with annual assessments on demographic, anthropometric, cognitive, psychosocial, and behavioral variables. Results: Maintainers generally had higher levels of healthy behaviors and better cognitive function. Resilient older adults were similar to maintainers but were older and had greater functional limitations. Discussion: Findings suggest that both physical health and psychological capital provide important resources upon which to draw as older adults grow even older. The trajectory model can provide useful information for developing resilience interventions for older adults.
A novel curing agent based on diphenylphosphine oxide for flame-retardant epoxy resin
Authors: Huang Shan , Hou Xiao , Li Jiaojiao , Tian Xiujuan , Yu Qing , Wang Zhongwei
Published: December 2017

A phosphorous/nitrogen-containing diphenylphosphine oxide (DPO) derivative (DPO-SS) was designed and synthesized via a two-step reaction of 4,4′-diaminodiphenylsulfone, 2-hydroxy-benzaldehyde, and DPO. The structure of DPO-SS was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), 1H and 31P nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, and mass spectrometry (MS). DPO-SS was used as a flame retardant and curing agent for copolymerizing with diglycidyl ether of bisphenol-A. Thermal and flame-retardant properties of the obtained flame-retardant epoxy resin (F-EP) were investigated by thermogravimetric analysis, dynamic thermomechanical analysis, limited oxygen index (LOI) measurement, vertical burning test (UL-94), and cone calorimeter test. Results indicated that all F-EP samples exhibited excellent thermal stability and flame-retardant property. Especially for F-EP with P content of 0.7 wt% (denoted as EP/P-0.7), it achieved high LOI values (32.4%) and UL-94 V-0 rating. Compared with pure EP, all F-EP samples showed lower heat release rate, total heat release, total smoke produce, and little Tg fluctuation. In order to study the flame-retardant mechanism, the char residues were investigated by FTIR, scanning electron microscopy, and energy-dispersive spectrometer analysis. The results manifested that DPO-SS acted as flame retardant in both gas phase and condensed phase. Water absorption properties of pure EP and F-EP were also compared through immersion experiments. Results showed that EP/P-0.7 sample had apparently lower water absorptivity than pure EP.
Spacecraft vibration suppression based on micro-gimbal moment of magnetically suspended flywheel with dynamic feedback and feedforward decoupling control
Authors: Chen Xiaocen , Cai Yuanwen , Ren Yuan , Liu Qiang
Published: December 2017

Aimed at solving the prominent issue of spacecraft high-frequency vibration suppression, this paper creatively puts forward a novel method based on the micro-gimbal moment of magnetically suspended flywheel with dynamic feedback and feedforward decoupling control. The dynamic model of the on-orbit magnetically suspended flywheel is established first and the decoupling control law of spacecraft as well as the micro-gimbal steering law of the magnetically suspended flywheel is designed. The disturbance compensator based on dynamic feedback–feedforward current is put forward to cancel the disturbance of spacecraft to the magnetically suspended flywheel. Then the nonlinear on-orbit magnetically suspended flywheel system is converted into a linear system without spacecraft coupling, and the state feedback decoupling controller is used to realize the high-precision micro-gimbal moment control of the magnetically suspended flywheel. The dynamic compensation filter is further developed to reduce the influence of unmodeled dynamics on decoupling performances, improving the rate of convergence of vibration suppression. The above three components constitute together the dynamic feedback and feedforward decoupling controller. The simulation results show the effectiveness and superiority of this method.
A new bilateral density filter with cross template for structural topology optimization
Authors: Xu Xiaokui , Guo Baofeng , Jin Miao
Published: December 2017

To suppress numerical instabilities and ensure manufacturability in density-based topology optimization, restrictions are required to be used. In this paper, a new bilateral density filter is presented. Different from the original bilateral density filter, the new filter uses a cross template and the range operator is changed. The purpose is to improve the ability of edge-preserving smoothing. Moreover, a continuation scheme for the new range operator is given to ensure a stable convergence to 0–1 solutions and avoid falling into local minima. The performance of the new filter for compliance minimization problem and compliant mechanism problem is demonstrated by application examples.
Helicopter flight simulation trim in the coordinated turn with the hybrid genetic algorithm
Authors: Wang Wei , Li Dongsheng , Liu Chun
Published: December 2017

Helicopter trim models are multivariate nonlinear equations and it is difficult to determine these initial trim points comparable to flight conditions. To solve this question, a hybrid genetic algorithm is presented in this paper, that combines the quick convergence ability of the quasi-Newton method and the advantages of genetic algorithm, such as global convergence. The trim control vector and the constraint conditions were established in the coordinated-turn based on the helicopter flight dynamic model. The coordinated turn flight of a UH-60 A helicopter was taken as an example to simulate on the experimental platform. Comparisons were made between the trim results and flight test data and there is a good agreement among them, and the efficiency of the algorithm presented is verified. It is a general method that can be applied to trim the helicopter of different flight conditions.
An overview of alternative and renewable energy governance, barriers, and opportunities in Pakistan
Authors: Hassan Mabroor , Afridi Manzoor K , Khan Muhammad I
Published: December 2017

High demand of energy for increasing economic growth, inadequate resources, pollution from power generation, inconsistent oil prices, and fickle supplies have triggered governments to develop long-term and secure energy sources. Alternative and renewable energy sources are an anticipation of securing long term, clean, and sustainable future of energy. This paper presents the current energy scenario of Pakistan, the share of renewables, analysis of alternative and renewable energy governance, barriers and opportunities for Pakistan in adopting alternative and renewable energy. It highlights development potential for alternative and renewable energy and issues related to energy governance to achieve the target of 5% share in the energy mix by 2030. The results indicated substantial gaps in alternative and renewable energy policy which is likely to freak the benefits of opportunities and government targets. The findings of this article identified the lack of mechanism to cooperate, poor integration of alternative and renewable energy technologies, underprivileged domestic manufacturing, no portfolio standards for bioenergy, and the dearth of research and development. Additionally, the study had furnished the barriers and opportunities in detail for endowment of alternative and renewable energy resources to assure sustainable energy security of Pakistan.
Serum Wisteria floribunda agglutinin-positive Mac-2-binding protein can reflect systemic lupus erythematosus activity
Authors: Ahn S S , Park Y , Lee D D , Bothwell A L M , Jung S M , Song J J , Park Y-B , Lee S-W
Published: December 2017

Serum Mac-2-binding protein (M2BP) is elevated in various chronic inflammatory diseases, and evidence suggests that glycosylation of M2BP induces discrete biological effects. However, the role of serum M2BP in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is still unclear. Recently, a Wisteria floribunda agglutinin-positive–M2BP (WFA+–M2BP) immunoassay has shown promise in detecting highly glycosylated M2BP. In this study, by using WFA+–M2BP immunoassay, we measured serum M2BP in 203 SLE patients and evaluated its clinical significance. Eighty patients were classified as having active SLE and 123 patients as having inactive SLE. The median serum M2BP was higher in patients with active SLE than in those with inactive SLE (2.1 vs. 0.9, p < 0.001). In multivariate linear regression analysis, serum M2BP, anti-dsDNA, C3 and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) were associated with SLEDAI-2K. Serum M2BP also strongly correlated with laboratory variables related to SLEDAI-2K, ESR and C-reactive protein. Furthermore, multivariate logistic regression analysis demonstrated that serum M2BP was useful in predicting active SLE. Finally, following immunosuppressive treatment, elevated serum M2BP significantly decreased along with improvement in disease activity. These findings suggest that serum M2BP might contribute to the inflammatory process in SLE, and measuring serum M2BP might be a useful marker to assess SLE disease activity.
Confidence intervals for differences between volumes under receiver operating characteristic surfaces (VUS) and generalized Youden indices (GYIs)
Authors: Yin Jingjing , Nakas Christos T , Tian Lili , Reiser Benjamin
Published: December 2017

This article explores both existing and new methods for the construction of confidence intervals for differences of indices of diagnostic accuracy of competing pairs of biomarkers in three-class classification problems and fills the methodological gaps for both parametric and non-parametric approaches in the receiver operating characteristic surface framework. The most widely used such indices are the volume under the receiver operating characteristic surface and the generalized Youden index. We describe implementation of all methods and offer insight regarding the appropriateness of their use through a large simulation study with different distributional and sample size scenarios. Methods are illustrated using data from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative study, where assessment of cognitive function naturally results in a three-class classification setting.
Bootstrap-based procedures for inference in nonparametric receiver-operating characteristic curve regression analysis
Authors: Rodríguez-Álvarez María Xosé , Roca-Pardiñas Javier , Cadarso-Suárez Carmen , Tahoces Pablo G
Published: December 2017

Prior to using a diagnostic test in a routine clinical setting, the rigorous evaluation of its diagnostic accuracy is essential. The receiver-operating characteristic curve is the measure of accuracy most widely used for continuous diagnostic tests. However, the possible impact of extra information about the patient (or even the environment) on diagnostic accuracy also needs to be assessed. In this paper, we focus on an estimator for the covariate-specific receiver-operating characteristic curve based on direct regression modelling and nonparametric smoothing techniques. This approach defines the class of generalised additive models for the receiver-operating characteristic curve. The main aim of the paper is to offer new inferential procedures for testing the effect of covariates on the conditional receiver-operating characteristic curve within the above-mentioned class. Specifically, two different bootstrap-based tests are suggested to check (a) the possible effect of continuous covariates on the receiver-operating characteristic curve and (b) the presence of factor-by-curve interaction terms. The validity of the proposed bootstrap-based procedures is supported by simulations. To facilitate the application of these new procedures in practice, an R-package, known as npROCRegression, is provided and briefly described. Finally, data derived from a computer-aided diagnostic system for the automatic detection of tumour masses in breast cancer is analysed.
Temporary Foreign Workers in Canada
Authors: Tungohan Ethel
Published: December 2017

Using the results of ethnographic research and focus group interviews with Filipino temporary foreign workers in Alberta, Canada, the goal of this article is to bring temporary foreign workers into academic and policy discussions by critically assessing how they fare at different stages of the migration process. Such analysis shows the strengths of ideational, affective and structural factors in determining temporary foreign workers’ motivations and goals. Ultimately, this article shows that temporary foreign workers reconstruct belonging and remake citizenship by making membership claims in Canada on the basis of their economic and social contributions to the country. Such claims, however, are grounded in dual modes of belonging in both Canada and in the Philippines. Their participation in migrants’ rights organizations that endeavour to provide temporary foreign workers with pathways to permanent residency shows their belief in their ‘right to have rights’ (Isin, 2008).
Construing Reputation from Gender Diversity on Boards
Authors: Kaur Amanpreet , Singh Balwinder
Published: December 2017

Corporate managers across the globe are on their toes to build favourable corporate reputation. Researchers have extricated many factors affecting corporate reputation. However, the role of gender diversity in enhancing corporate reputation is relatively an exotic area of research in emerging economies like India where women face vulnerable discrimination while contesting for board seats. The present study aims to unravel the relevance of female directors in convalescing corporate reputation by analysing data of 437 Indian companies in 2012, just prior to enactment of Companies Act, 2013. It was found that 60 per cent of the sample companies lack gender diversity and in fact employ no women director on the board. Results of multivariate regression analysis reveal that the presence of female on the board is perceived as a positive quality signal so as to enhance corporate reputation. The findings confer a motivation among Indian corporate managers to promptly adhere to the provisions of New Companies Act, 2013, mandating one woman director in boardroom, so as to procure benefits in terms of favourable corporate reputation. Baffled stakeholders can interpret women directors on the board as a clue to better governance and thereby perceive such companies propitiously.
Perceived Influential Aspects of TV Advertising
Authors: Kumar Ajay , Sharma Ruchi
Published: December 2017

There are plethora of studies highlighting the impact of advertising on various aspects of consumer behaviour. Still, there is dearth of studies scrutinizing the advertisements by exploring the influential aspects of advertising. This study attempts to find out the various influential aspects of advertisements and how these aspects influence the product selection, lifestyle and children behaviour. Study is carried out in one of the economically developed states of India (Haryana) using stratified convenience sampling. Data is collected from 421 respondents using a structured questionnaire. Results are generated by application of factor analysis and regression analysis. Seven influential aspects of advertisements were identified in the study—influence on children, positive influence on purchase, influence on social status, influence on attitude and behaviour, negative influence, influence on perceived quality and influence on women. Study further highlighted that two influential aspects—negative influence and influence on women—do not contribute to product selection, lifestyle and children behaviour. Rest of the influential aspects were found out to be impacting either product selection, lifestyle and children behaviour.
Humanizing solidarity in European refugee law
Authors: Mitsilegas Valsamis
Published: December 2017

The article will put forward a proposal for a paradigmatic change that aims to ‘humanize’ solidarity by moving away from a concept of state-centred solidarity to a concept of solidarity centred on the individual. It will demonstrate how the application of the principle of mutual recognition in the field of positive asylum decisions – accompanied by full equality and access to the labour market for refugees across the European Union – can play a key role in achieving this paradigmatic change. The relationship between solidarity and mutual recognition will be analysed in four steps: by exploring the parameters of the principle of solidarity as currently expressed in European refugee law; by examining the development of state-centred solidarity in secondary European refugee law as articulated by the Dublin system; by critically evaluating attempts to contain state-centred solidarity in the Dublin system via imposing fundamental rights limits to automatic mutual recognition; and by examining ways in which the recognition of positive asylum decisions throughout the European Union can act as a catalyst for a paradigmatic change leading to a model of solidarity that is centred on the refugee.
“I Think It’s Pretty Much the Same, as It Should Be”: Perspectives of Inpatient Care Among Women Veterans
Authors: Shamaskin-Garroway Andrea M. , Knobf M. Tish , Adams Lynette J. , Haskell Sally G.
Published: December 2017

The purpose of this study was to gain a deeper understanding of the inpatient hospitalization experience for women veterans through in-depth interviews. Women veterans who were admitted for inpatient care on medical units within a university-affiliated VA hospital were invited to participate in a semistructured interview that inquired about their hospital experience, interactions with medical providers, and how being a woman veteran might affect this experience. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and analyzed using constant comparative method until thematic saturation was achieved ( n = 25). Three themes, (a) Being a woman and a veteran: Intersecting identities, (b) Expecting equality and equity, and (c) Defining woman-centered inpatient care described the unique perspective and context for Veterans Health Administration (VHA) health care of women veterans. These findings provide insight and guidance to clinical practice and care delivery for women veterans, including training and interpersonal approaches medical providers can take to improve the hospital experience for women.