bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Electronic Database on Experimental Bond Dissociation Energies of Organic Compounds
Authors: Туманов Владимир Евгеньевич , Прохоров Андрей Иванович
Published: January 2022

The presented web database on experimental homolytic bond dissociation energies in organic compounds is intended for use by a wide range of theoreticians and practitioners in free access. The paper provides a brief overview of the sources of the dissociation energies of bonds of organic molecules, which are calculated theoretically, measured experimentally and estimated from kinetic and thermochemical experimental data, their presentation in the Internet database. A web database on homolytic bond dissociation energies of organic compounds is presented. The reported bond dissociation energies are calculated from experimental kinetic and thermochemical data. Descriptions of experimental data sources, classes of organic compounds and calculation methods are given. The logical structure of the database and the description of the main fields of its tables are given. The main search form of the database interface is presented and an example of a search result for a specific organic compound is given. Bond dissociation energies are calculated at a temperature of 298.15 K, which is usually absent in most sources. The analogs of the present base are inferior to the latter in taking into account temperature correlations. Currently, work is underway to analyze and analyze the published data taking into account the entropy effects.
Beyond Alterity: los fantasmas del indigenismo bajo escrutinio
Authors: Arenas Fernández Luis Acatzin
Published: January 2022

Reseña de Beyond Alterity. Destabilizing the Indigenous Other in Mexico, editado por Ariadna Acevedo Rodrigo y Paula López Caballero. Tucson: Arizona University Press, 2018.
Socio-Spatial Approach to Cultivation of Lobster in the Ekas Bay Area, Lombok, West Nusa Tenggara
Authors: Budiyanto Balok
Published: January 2022

Indonesia is one of the countries that has the largest marine wealth in the world with an area of 6.32 million waters with an accumulated coastline of 81,000 km and has a very large coral reef area as one of habitats for lobster. Lobsters live at a depth of 100-200 meters below sea level with a temperature of 20-30°C, with the distribution of lobsters in almost all Indonesian waters. One area of Indonesia’s center for lobster cultivation is West Nusa Tenggara (NTB). The Directorate of Marine Spatial Planning designed a program scheme that was prepared to follow up on Lombok's lobster cultivation center, the lobster estate program or known as lobster cultivation village with blue economy principles. The core of sustainability which in development considering resources in the marine space characteristics that are vulnerable to environmental changes and open access - utilization that is open to the public and everyone can access it freely. Answering how conflicts of interest fight over marine space, it is necessary to pay attention to the relationship between space and the humans involved. This analysis is explained by using Levebvre's Socio-Spatial approach where space neutral and passive geometry. Space represents the site of struggle. In particular, the purpose paper is to add another point of view that already exists in reporting the detailed plan for marine aquaculture utilization zones. This article descriptive qualitative method. Results obtained preparation detailed spatial planning, consider the existence of conflict of interest contestations between stakeholders and accommodate conflicts of interest that may occur.
MANAGEMENT OF STUDENT SUPPORT SYSTEM IN THE SITUATION OF CORONAVIRUS DISEASE 2019 (COVID-19) OUTBREAK, SAMUT PRAKAN PRIMARY EDUCATIONAL SERVICE AREA OFFICE 1
Authors: Praraksa Phoom
Published: January 2022

The outbreak of COVID-19 in the academic year 2020-2021 has resulted problems in learning and living of students under the Samut Prakan Primary Educational Service Area Office 1, Thailand, who need to assistance urgently. The objectives of this research were to1) analyze students' problems during the COVID-19 situation 2) develop a management system to assist students and 3) study the results of management of student support system in the COVID-19 pandemic. The research was conducted in 3 phases: Phase 1 analyzed students' problems by stakeholders focus group discussion comprising of 30 school directors, teachers, and supervisors. Phase 2 developed the management of student support systems through stakeholder meeting to define activities and practice guide line. Phase 3 studied the results of the administration of the student support system using the CIPP Model evaluation. Quantitative data were analyzed with descriptive statistics and qualitative data were analyzed by content analysis. The results showed that the students' problems consisted of 1) the readiness of communication devices; 2) the internet connection 3) parents’ capacity and 4) home environment for learning and living. The development of the management of student support system in the COVID-19 pandemic was carried out in the form of a project. It consisted of four activities: 1) Development 2) Helping 3) Promotion and 4) Addition. Finally, the results of the administration of the student support system using the CIPP Model evaluation found that Context, Input, Process and Product reached the highest level of average.
A Retrospective Study: Trend in the Incidence of Tuberculosis Among Children in the Pekalongan
Authors: Irnawati Irnawati , Sulisyanto Benny Arief , Hardini Deisy Sri , Asmita Kosasih Bai , Sansuwito Tukimin bin
Published: January 2022

Mycobacterium tuberculosis is the leading cause of death worldwide from a single bacterial pathogen. World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that annually, 1 million children have tuberculosis disease and many more harbor a latent form of infection. Evaluation of time trends is an integral part of a comprehensive analysis of tuberculosis among children data. Objective: This study aimed to assess trends in tuberculosis among children incidence in the period 2015-2021. Tuberculosis among data were collected from tuberculosis database of Pekalongan Health Department. Data were analyzed by using Microsoft Excel. In the period 2015-2019, the tuberculosis among children incidence significantly increased from 11 to 165 cases, then drop in the period 2019-2021 from 165 to 32 cases. The largest increase in trend in the analysed period was observed for 2019, which showed an increase of 165 cases. Knowledge of the current tuberculosis among children burden in the population and its time trends will help to prioritise targets and future resource allocation to tuberculosis among children control.
Burden on Family Caregivers Caring for Patients with Cancer in Indonesia
Authors: Savitri Wenny , Suwarno Suwarno
Published: January 2022

Cancer diagnosis has detrimental effects on patients’ families since they have to take care of the patients, resulting in caregivers' burden. This study aimed to investigate the burden of family caregivers caring for cancer patients. A descriptive quantitative study was applied to 60 family caregivers of cancer patients in a government hospital in Yogyakarta. Data were gathered using sociodemographic and health-related instruments and Zarit Burden Interview, then analyzed by using descriptive statistics. The results showed all family caregivers expressed their feelings of the intensity of burden (60% little or no burden, 36.7% mild-to-moderate, 3.3% moderate-to-severe), and none of them expressed severe burden. The majority were patients' children, married males, over 40 years old, and small family members living in the same house in a rural area. They went to high school or university, working in private sector, with monthly family income were below a minimum standard. They spent 1-6 hours per day for caregiving without experience in caring. They also did not have any chronic diseases, whom the majority of patients they were taking care of had third stadium of breast cancer without metastasis with chemotherapy. To conclude, most caregivers experienced little or no burden in caring for their family members with cancer.
The Description of Stress Level and Learning Saturation During Online Learning of Nursing Students
Authors: Saputri Indah Septiana , Etlidawati Etlidawati
Published: January 2022

The change in learning models from conventional to online during the Covid-19 pandemic is a solution so that the learning process continues. That can make students in a state of stress and boredom. To find a description of the level of stress and boredom of learning in online learning for Nursing students S1 Muhammadiyah University of Purwokerto. This research was descriptive quantitative using survey method. The number of samples were 148 respondents using the proportional stratified random sampling technique. The independent variables in this study were the level of stress and learning saturation. The questionnaire used in this study was a modified DASS-42. The data analysis used univariate analysis. The results showed that the stress levels of students in online learning were mostly in the medium category as many as 88 (59.4%), mild as much as 43 (29.1%), normal as much as 12 (8.1%), heavy as much as 5 ( 3,4%) and no one experienced stress in the very heavy category. Then the level of learning saturation is most dominant in the moderate category as many as 71 (48%), high as much as 40 (27%), low as much as 30 (20.3%), and very high as much as 7 (4.7%). The level of stress and boredom of learning in online learning for third semester undergraduate nursing students is in the medium category. From the results of the study, it is recommended that respondents are be able to anticipate the occurrence of stress and learning saturation by knowing the causes of stress and learning saturation
The Comparison of Microleakage between Bioactive Composite Resin and Compomer
Authors: Fani Pangabdian  , Yongki Hadinata Wijaya  , Dwi Acti Widyanita
Published: January 2022

Background: The ideal restoration material should have endurance, compatible with tooth structure and visible surrounding tissues and must be able to restore the lost tissue. There are various restoration materials such as Compomer and Bioactive Composite Resin. Microleakage is one of the failure in surface sealent, and this may increase the risk of secondary caries. Purpose: The aim of this study was to prove and compare the differences of microleakage between Compomer and Bioactive Composite Resin in class I restoration. Material and Method: Maxilla’s first premolar teeth with class I cavities (diameter: 3mm, depth: 3mm) divided into two groups with 10 samples each group. Group I: Compomer (Dentsply), Group II: Bioactive Composite Resin (Activa Pulpdent USA). All group were immersed in 1% methylene blue solution for 24 hours, rinsed in running water, and section mesial-distal using carborundum disc. Afterward, section were assessed for dye penetration that represent the mickroleakage using scoring method under digital microscope. Finally data were collected and statistically analyzed. Result: There were significant differences between each group (p<0.05). Microleakage in restoration with Bioactive Composite Resin (1.7) shows smaller values than Compomer restoration (4.4). Conclusion: This research show that there is differentiation of microleakage between Compomer and Bioactive Composite Resin. In Bioactive Composite Resin found the smallest microleakage.
PENGEMBANGAN BUKU AJAR BA-CA BERBASIS METODE AHE UNTUK KELAS I SEKOLAH DASAR
Authors: Ariyanto Cindy Stefanny Putri , Priyanto Wawan , Subekti Ervina Eka
Published: January 2022

This study aims 1) Knowing the characteristics of the BA-CA Textbook based on the Ahe Method. 2) Knowing, evaluating the validity and practicality of the Ahe Method-Based Textbook. This research is a research and development applied in the field of education. Research and Development (R & D) is the development and validation of Sugiyono's products using development procedures only up to product trials. The result of the validity test of the teaching material expert's assessment was 90.00, while the material expert's assessment was 81.81. The results of the practicality test for teacher response assessments with an average score of 92.18. The results show that the Textbook is valid and practical to be used for learning to read.
SEKOLAH RAMAH ANAK SEBAGAI WUJUD PERLINDUNGAN TERHADAP HAK ANAK DI SEKOLAH DASAR
Authors: Chairiyah Chairiyah , Nadziroh Nadziroh , Pratomo Wachid
Published: January 2022

A school is a place for the government to carry out its obligations to fulfill the education rights of Indonesian citizens. In addition to the right to education which is a constitutional mandate, schools are also part of the fulfillment of children's rights based on Law Number 39 of 1999 concerning Human Rights and Law Number 23 of 2002 concerning Child Protection. The formulation of the Child-Friendly School program involved 12 ministries, agencies, and foundations related to child welfare. The goal of the Child-Friendly School policy is to be able to fulfill, guarantee and protect the rights of children. Another goal is to ensure that schools can develop children's interests, talents, and abilities and prepare children to be responsible for a life of tolerance, mutual respect, work together for progress, and a spirit of peace so that later schools are expected to not only give birth to an intellectually intelligent generation but also give birth to an emotionally and spiritually intelligent generation.Â
KORELASI ANTARA KOMUNIKASI INTERPERSONAL DALAM LINGKUNGAN KELUARGA DENGAN PERILAKU MORAL SISWA DI SDN SURYODININGRATAN 3
Authors: Wijayanti Dwi , Pratomo Wachid
Published: January 2022

The research was conducted to know how effective family interpersonal relationships are to student moral behavior. This research is correlation research with the number of sample 24 students. The data collecting technique used a closed questionnaire formed rating scale. The instrument validity test used product-moment and the reliability test used Alpha Cronbach formulation. The data analysis technique used normality and linearity test.  The hypothesis test used a double linear regression test. The result of the research is there is a positive correlation between family interpersonal relationships to student moral behavior SDN Suryodiningratan 3 Yogyakarta with the correlation between interpersonal communications system in the family environment (X) and student moral behavior (Y) with correlation coefficient in the amount of 0,321 (p<0,05), so that sum of interpersonal communication variable contribution in the family environment to student moral behavior is 32,1% while the rest is the external variable factor. Thus it is gotten a research conclusion that communication system applied family environment influenced highly to moral behavior changes for a student so that it needs to be increased communication intensity between children and parents or all family members.
PENGEMBANGAN MEDIA PAKAPIN DALAM PEMBELAJARAN TEMATIK MUATAN PPKN PADA SISWA KELAS II SD PANGUDI LUHUR ST. ALOYSIUS SEDAYU
Authors: Bahan Sisilia , Nadziroh Nadziroh , Chairiyah Chairiyah
Published: January 2022

The results are obtained indicate that was: 1) The development of PAKAPIN Media/smart pocket boards has several characteristics in terms of simplicity, emphasis, integration, language, attractiveness, quality, and flexibility. Media PAKAPIN/ Smart pouch board was created using developments from Borg and Gall with potential and problem steps, gathering information, Product design, Product validation, Product improvement, Product Trial, and Product revision. 2) PAKAPIN/Smart Pocket Board media are appropriate to be used as learning media because the results of the study show the value of media experts 77.5 material experts 85.7 ratings from the teacher 86.6 Student responses 89. The average of all assessments obtained is 84.7 which includes in the very good category. and 3). The students gave a very good response to the PAKAPIN Media / Smart Pocket Board.
ANALISIS KEBUTUHAN HANDOUT DIGITAL PEMBELAJARAN SD BERBASIS TRI N UNTUK MEMBEKALI KETERAMPILAN MENGAJAR MAHASISWA CALON GURU
Authors: Anafiah Siti , Rezkita Shanta
Published: January 2022

This study aims to analyze the need for digital handouts for teaching elementary school based on Tri N to provide teaching skills for prospective teacher students. This type of research is qualitative research. This study intends to reveal a needs analysis for digital handouts for elementary learning based on Tri N to equip teaching skills for prospective teacher students. The research subjects were undergraduate students of PGSD FKIP UST in semester 4 of the 2020/2021 academic year. The data collection technique in this research used participant observation, interviews, and documentation. Data analysis in this study used interactive model data analysis. The analysis consists of three flows of activities, namely: data reduction, data presentation, and concluding/verification. The results of this study, begin with a needs analysis by identifying the material from the RPS for the Lesson Planning course. In the RPS, materials were found in the form of curriculum analysis, program Prosem, RPP, and attachments (teaching materials, LKPD, learning media, and learning evaluation). In the RPS, the concept of the Tri N teaching has been found, but the teaching materials used are still using printed handouts and PPT. From the analysis of the material, researchers can develop innovative teaching materials, namely digital handouts, so that the material presented can be easily understood and interactive for students.
Die Erhebung von Antidiskriminierungsund Gleichstellungsdaten
Authors: Bringmann Julia , Lucas Laila
Published: January 2022

Die Erhebung von Antidiskriminierungsund Gleichstellungsdaten (ADGD) ist noch unüblich in der Organisationsberatung. ADGD erhöhen Transparenz über den Status Quo und ermöglichen Reflexionsprozesse und wirksame Veränderungen. Die Autorinnen plädieren für ihren systematischen Einsatz im Rahmen einer umfassenden diversitätsorientierten Organisationsberatung, denn die Schaffung von Gleichstellung in Organisationen ist freilich kein Selbstläufer. Der Text stellt eine Auswahl sinnvoller Erhebungsmethoden und Indikatoren bei der Arbeit mit ADGD vor.
PERANCANGAN DAN IMPLEMENTASI E-SERVICE BAAK IIB DARMAJAYA UNTUK MENINGKATKAN LAYANAN KEPADA MAHASISWA DI ERA PANDEMI BERBASIS ANDROID
Authors: Prastiawan Denny
Published: January 2022

Perkembangan teknologi informasi dapat membuat berbagai macam peralatan sebagai alat bantu untuk menjalankan berbagai aktivitas.  Saat ini informasi bisa didapatkan sangat mudah dalam waktu yang lebih cepat dan tepat. Pada masa pandemi para mahasiswa sangat kesulitan untuk mengurus persyaratan administrasi di kampus. Untuk menangani masalah ini dibutuhkan layanan online yang mampu untuk mengatasi pelayanan konvensional. Metode yang dilakukan yaitu dengan melakukan identifikasi masalah, menentukan solus dan melakukan uji coba. Layanan yang dihasilkan pada penelitian ini diberi nama E- Service. E-Service mampu memberikan layanan kepada mahasiswa tanpa mereka datang ke kampus.
The Effects of Distraction on Preoperative Anxiety in Preschool and School-Age Children: A Literature Review
Authors: Abdul Wahid Shahla , Johncy Swapna , Abbas Sadaf , Lee Mikyoung
Published: January 2022

Children experience high levels of anxiety before surgery. Preoperative anxiety interferes with anesthesia induction compliance and is associated with many short and long-term postoperative complications The aim of this integrative review was to evaluate the impact of distraction methods on preoperative anxiety in preschool and school-age children compared to standard of care or conventional methods. A systematic search of literature was conducted using PubMed and CINHAL databases. We found 15 full-text articles in English published, between the years 2015-2019 on preschool and school-age children on PubMed, CINHAL, and keyword search according to inclusion criteria. The tools used to measure the children’s anxiety included a personal information from, separation scoring, index of clinical stress score, modified Yale preoperative assessment scale, the state-trait anxiety inventory for children, post hospitalization behavior questionnaire, Hamilton anxiety rating scale, and vital signs. Medical clowns, integrated art therapy, therapeutic play, “Play-doh”, computer games, books, and music, video games, toys, music, books, virtual reality, smartphone, relaxation-guided imagery, and iPads were used for creating distraction to reduce anxiety levels during parental separation and the preoperative period. Distraction is a safe, timely, and cost-effective non-pharmacological anxiolytic intervention that can be performed by nurses. Keywords: distraction, therapy, art, anxiety, play, surgery
ЗАСОБИ ФОРМУВАННЯ ВІЗУАЛЬНО-ІНФОРМАЦІЙНОЇ КУЛЬТУРИ МАЙБУТНІХ УЧИТЕЛІВ МАТЕМАТИКИ ТА ІНФОРМАТИКИ (ПРОДОВЖЕННЯ)
Authors: Друшляк Марина
Published: January 2022

Формулювання проблеми. Сучасний вчитель математики та інформатики повинен мати високий рівень сформованості візуально-інформаційної культури, тобто повинен мати ціннісні установки, прагнення до розвитку в галузі візуалізації та інформатизації освіти; володіти інформатико-математичні, психолого-педагогічні та технологічні знаннями; уміннями сприймати, аналізувати, порівнювати, зіставляти, інтерпретувати, продукувати з використанням інформаційних технологій, структурувати, інтегрувати, оцінювати поданий наочно навчальний матеріал. Це залежить, серед іншого, від методу пізнавальної теоретичної та практичної діяльності викладачів і студентів, який передбачає постановку мети, необхідну систему дій, відповідні засоби й одержаний результат – високий рівень сформованості візуально-інформаційної культури майбутніх учителів математики та інформатики.
Матеріали і методи. Основою дослідження стали наукові розвідки вітчизняних і закордонних учених, які займаються вивченням питань підготовки майбутніх вчителів математики та інформатики. Для досягнення мети були використані методи теоретичного рівня наукового пізнання: аналіз наукової літератури, синтез, формалізація наукових джерел, опис, зіставлення, узагальнення власного досвіду.
Результати. З метою формування візуально-інформаційної культури майбутніх учителів математики та інформатики використані нами засоби навчання можна умовно поділити на групи: друковані засоби (навчально-методична література, навчальні посібники, навчальні програми, системи задач для лабораторних робіт), комп’ютерні засоби (програмне забезпечення предметного спрямування, програми динамічної математики, хмаро орієнтовані сервіси, віртуальні лабораторії), інтерактивні засоби (візуалізовані завдання, інтерактивні аплети, когнітивно-візуальні моделі). У даній статті обґрунтовано доцільність використання таких засобів навчання як скрайбінг, інфографіка та віртуальні фізичні лабораторії.
Висновки. За результатами впровадження розглядуваних засобів у професійну підготовку у майбутніх учителів математики та інформатики спостерігалося підвищення рівнів сформованості візуально-інформаційної культури за всіма компонентами: професійно-мотиваційним, когнітивним, операційно-діяльнісним та рефлексивним.
ФУНДУВАННЯ ЗНАНЬ У ПРОЦЕСІ ВИВЧЕННЯ МАТЕМАТИЧНИХ ПОНЯТЬ ЗАСОБАМИ ЦИФРОВИХ ТЕХНОЛОГІЙ У ФАХОВІЙ ПІДГОТОВЦІ МАЙБУТНІХ УЧИТЕЛІВ МАТЕМАТИКИ
Authors: Шишенко Інна , Лукашова Тетяна , Страх Олександр
Published: January 2022

Формулювання проблеми. Урахування під час навчання фахових математичних навчальних дисциплін принципу фундування знань у процесі вивчення основних математичних понять надає можливість студенту вибирати індивідуальну освітню траєкторію та специфіку майбутньої професійної діяльності. У зв'язку з цим математична освіта майбутнього вчителя математики в даний час потребує якісних змін. Цифрові технології надають широкі можливості модернізації підготовки майбутніх учителів математики.
Матеріали і методи. Системний аналіз наукової, навчальної та методичної літератури; порівняння та синтез теоретичних положень;  узагальнення власного педагогічного досвіду та досвіду колег з інших закладів вищої освіти, деякі загально математичні та спеціальні методи різницевого числення.
Результати. У статті розглянуто особливості реалізації фундування знань у процесі вивчення математичних понять під час освоєння математичної діяльності у різних математичних курсах засобами цифрових технологій у фаховій підготовці майбутніх учителів математики на прикладі одного із досить універсальних методів знаходження скінченних сум, в основі якого лежать поняття та інструменти різницевого числення, що є дискретним аналогом інтегрування. Наведений метод проілюстровано достатньою кількістю прикладів знаходження скінченних сум, які підтверджують універсальність застосування даного методу для досить широких класів послідовностей. Важливим є саме опанування студентами наскрізної ідеї застосування універсальних методів знаходження скінченних сум, а не їх конкретна реалізація та проведення громіздких обчислень. Вважаємо, що доцільно доповнити технології навчання фахових математичних дисциплін у вищій школі провідним спеціалізованим програмним забезпеченням з математики.
Висновки. Реалізація такого підходу дозволить сформувати у майбутніх учителів математики знання та уявлення про міжпредметні зв'язки у шкільному курсі математики, про можливості використання цифрових технологій в процесі вивчення шкільного курсу математики, розвивати уміння самостійно збирати, аналізувати, передавати математичну інформацію, використовувати програмні засоби та апаратні пристрої для здійснення збору, обробки, зберігання та передачі інформації, оцінювати та обирати засоби цифрових технологій для організації навчального процесу з математики, усвідомлення можливостей інформаційного середовища для забезпечення якості навчально-виховного процесу в умовах Нової української школи.
Image processing-based realization of servo motor control on a Cartesian Robot with Rexroth PLC
Authors: KUNCAN Fatma , ÖZTÜRK Sıtkı , KELEŞ Fatihhan
Published: January 2022

The aim of this study was to separate the objects, whose position was determined using Rexroth PLC on a workbench, and bring them to different locations. Position control of synchronous motors with PLC was done with coordinates obtained by image processing. A real-time Gantry robot was set up for the study. An image taken with the camera connected to Gantry robot is transferred to the Matlab environment. The coordinate data obtained by processing the image are separated for the coordinates used, and the position control of the motors is provided. First, the image was changed to grayscale to apply image processing methods. Then, with the image processing formula, ‘viscircles’ has been applied to mark the detected circles. The obtained coordinates were transferred to IndraWorks PLC to be used in the portal robot. Objects in the determined coordinates were moved to another coordinate with the help of the pneumatic system that integrated to Gantry Robot. The system has been tested for different conditions. As a result of studies, it has been observed that both the image processing method and the system work simultaneously with high accuracy. It is thought that the study can be used in many areas in the literature.
The Command Staff of the Stavropol Kalmyk Army: a Social Portrait and Its Evolution in the Last Quarter of the 18th—Early 19th Century
Authors: Ochirov Utash
Published: January 2022

The article analyzes a generalized social portrait of command personnel at Stavropol Kalmyk Host during the period that followed the suppression of Pugachev’s Rebellion and its evolution towards the end of the Napoleonic Wars. The outlined social portrait and its evolution are based on original formulary records of officers employed by the Host as of 1783, 1798, 1812 and 1815, some of the latter verified with the use of monthly reports. The available data proves instrumental in compiling a sufficient social portrait and tracing its development throughout the period under consideration.
Management of intractable pruritus in a child with cholestatic liver disorder
Authors: Adjei Nicholas , Ankomah Juliet
Published: January 2022

BackgroundChildhood cholestatic hepatobiliary disorders present with pruritus which is bothersome and difficult to manage. The pathogenesis of pruritus in cholestasis is unknown but several hypotheses have been proposed, including bile acid accumulation, increased opioidergic tone and elevations in lysophosphatidic acid levels. Pruritus can have a profound effect on the patient’s quality of life resulting in sleep deprivation and emotional disturbances. Treatment of the primary cause of cholestasis is important to address the pruritus. However, symptomatic treatment is often necessary especially in cases where the underlying hepatobiliary disease cannot be corrected.

Case Description

Currently, 19-month-old male was first seen at the gastroenterology clinic at age of 5 months. He was referred as a case of prolonged conjugated hyperbilirubinaemia. He was born at term with birth-weight (BW) of 2kg. He had a history of jaundice for 2 weeks. There was no pale stools or dark urine and has doubled his BW.

On examination, he was jaundiced, had no dysmorphic features, but developed the typical facies of Alagille syndrome over time. Investigations showed conjugated hyperbilirubinemia with raised ALP, GGT and transaminases. A liver biopsy showed severe paucity of bile ducts in 12 portal areas.

2 weeks after the initial visit he presented with severe generalized itching associated with bleeding upon scratching, irritability and poor sleep. A presumptive diagnosis of cholestasis-associated pruritus was made after any possible dermatologic disorder associated with pruritus were ruled out.

Ursodeoxycholic acid was started with no improvement even at a maximum dose of the medication. Phenobarbitone and rifampicin were added in a stepwise manner which improved pruritus, but there were challenges with obtaining rifampicin after 9 months of treatment hence cholestyramine was added to the ursodeoxycholic acid and phenobarbital, but the child’s pruritus worsened. Though clear instructions were given to the mother regarding administration of cholestyramine we thought the worsening of the child’s pruritus was still possibly due to chelation of the other medications by cholestyramine, hence it was suspended.

An antihistamine, cetirizine was added to child’s treatment and his mother reported some improvement in pruritus but this was short-lived. Finally parenteral infusion of naloxone, an opioid antagonist, was administered over 24 hours with significant improvement in child’s symptoms like scratching, irritability and sleeplessness.

Child is currently on oral ursodeoxycholic acid, natrelxone, phenobarbitone and cetirizine with continued remarkable response.

Conclusion

Pharmacologic treatment with recommended medications in a stepwise approach is essential for symptomatic relief of the pruritus.
Hypoxia and mortality outcomes in children presenting with pneumonia to a tertiary Hospital: A Retrospective review of records
Authors: Kwarteng Owusu Sandra , Baah Birgit A , Sylverken Justice , Mensah Nicholas Karikari , Adjetey Naomi , Ansong Daniel , Addo-Yobo Emmanuel
Published: January 2022

BackgroundChildhood pneumonia is a leading cause of hospitalisation and death in Low- and Middle-Income Countries (LMIC). Despite remarkable achievements in global mortality trends in children under 5 nearly 700 000 children die annually from pneumonia. In Ghana, an estimated 4,700 children under 5 died from pneumonia in 2017. Hypoxia is a known predictor of death among children hospitalised with pneumonia. Few studies in Ghana have described the predictors of mortality among children with pneumonia. This study aimed to determine the factors associated with mortality among children hospitalized for pneumonia to the Paediatric Emergency Unit (PEU) of Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital (KATH).

MethodsMedical records of children admitted to the PEU of KATH from January 2016 to December 2020 were reviewed. Data was cleaned and exported to STATA version 16 for analysis. Outcomes measures of interest were survival and mortality.

Results Records for 482 children hospitalised with pneumonia to the unit were available of which 55 per cent (n=265) were males, 94 per cent (n= 455) were less than five years and 51 per cent (n=265) were younger than 12 months old. In all, 77 per cent (n=301), had received three doses of the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine. Twenty-one percent (n=89), presented with hypoxia and 15% (n= 77), died from pneumonia. There was a significant association between death as an outcome and hypoxia at presentation [?2 (1)= 13.29, p < .001(OR 2.6, 95% CI 1.42 to 4.75)], axillary temperature of 38oC or more at presentation [?2 (1)= 5.03, p = .025 (OR 2.09 (95% CI 1.08 to 4.02)], fast breathing at presentation [?2 (1) = 5.45, p = .020 (OR 2.12 95% CI 1.11 – 4.01)] and  having received all 3 doses of pneumococcal vaccine [?2 (1) = 9.78, p = .002 (OR 0.45 95% CI 0.27 – 0.75).

Conclusion  Hypoxia at presentation, axillary temperature of 38oC or greater, fast breathing, are likely predictors of mortality in children under 5 hospitalised for pneumonia. Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine uptake is high among children with pneumonia, receiving all 3 doses likely protects children with pneumonia from death.
Hospitalizations among children with Sickle Cell Disease enrolled into the Kumasi SPARCo database
Authors: Oppong-Mensah Yaa Gyamfua , Odoom Samuel Frimpong , Paintsil Vivian , Nyanor Isaac , Amuzu Evans Xorse , Yawnumah Suraj Abubakar , Mohammed Abdul Razak , Asafo-Adjei Emmanuel , Obeng Paul , Dogbe Elliot Eli , Ansong Daniel , Osei-Akoto Alex
Published: January 2022

BackgroundSickle cell disease (SCD) is the commonest monogenic haemolytic disorder in Africa. It continues to be a major public health burden. Newborn screening of SCD has been implemented in Kumasi, Ghana, since 1995 and SCD patients identified have been enrolled into the paediatric SCD clinic. The Sickle Pan African Research Consortium (SPARCo) which commenced in 2017 comprises of the Hub in Tanzania with two collaborating sites in Ghana and Nigeria has established a SCD patient consented database. Despite strides made in managing SCD, a significant proportion of patients are hospitalized from the various complications of the disease. This study set out to describe the main causes and outcomes of hospitalizations among paediatric patients with SCD at the Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital (KATH) in Kumasi.

MethodsProspectively, all patients in the database who were hospitalized over the 12-month period between April 2019 and March 2020 at the Paediatric Emergency Unit of KATH were followed up. Indications and outcomes of the hospitalizations were recorded. The data was exported to STATA/SE version 14.0 for analysis.

ResultsA total of 201 hospitalizations were recorded over the period. Majority of the patients were males (57.2%, 95%CI: 50.1 - 64.2), in the age group 5-10 years (34.3%, 95%CI: 27.8 -41.3) and of phenotype SCD-SS (83.1%, 95%CI: 77.2 - 88.0). The common causes of hospitalization were VOPE (n=81, 40.3 %), ACS (n=52, 25.9 %), and infections (n=25, 12.4 %). Highest number of admissions was observed in November 2019 (n=34, 16.9 %) followed by June 2019 (n=25, 12.4 %). Six patients (3.0%, 95%CI: 1.1 - 6.4) died and the median (IQR) length of stay was 6 days (4-10). Comparing SCD-SS to SCD-SC, the case fatality was 2.5% and 0.5% respectively (p=0.985)

ConclusionVaso-Occlusive Pain Events (VOPE), Acute Chest Syndrome (ACS) and infections were observed as the most common causes of hospitalizations among the SCD patients.
Referral Patterns of Children Seeking Out-Patient Neurology Service at the Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital in the Middle of a Pandemic
Authors: Osei-Bonsu Angela , Tannor Abena , Hammond Charles , Dogbe Joslin
Published: January 2022

Background

The Paediatric Neurology Clinic at Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital (KATH) was established in 2002 and run twice weekly. It offers management for children with non-surgical neurological and neuro-developmental disorders and has an average attendance of 20 patients (including 5 new cases) a day. In 2019, there were 2050 visits. Following the COVID-19 pandemic in early 2020, measures were instituted to prevent over-crowding at the clinic including a booking system where new patients were given appointment dates. Currently, there is no data on the referral patterns seen at the clinic and how the appointment system has impacted new patients’ attendance.  

  Aim

To determine the patterns of referrals and time lapse between referrals and first visit for new patients seen at the clinic in 2020.

Method:

A retrospective review of referral notes received at the clinic from January to December 2020 was done to extract data on the age, sex, referring facility, region, referring diagnosis, and the time lapse between referral and first clinic visit. For referrals originating outside KATH, the distance from the referring facility to KATH was estimated using Google Maps. 

Results

There were 265 new cases seen at the clinic in 2020. Of these, 172 (64.9%) referral letters were retrieved. The cases included 73 females and 99 males, with median age of 12 months (IQR 5-36). Referrals came from 10 regions with Ashanti contributing 88.4%. There were 136 (79.1%) referrals from public facilities and 36 (20.9%) from private facilities. Eighty-five (49.4%) referrals were from within KATH. Medical officers (72.7%) and pediatricians (7.6%) sent the most referrals. The median time lapse from date of referral to first visit was 16 days (IQR 7-60).  The most recuring reasons for referrals were neuro-developmental disorders (41%), seizures (38%) and neuro-behavioral disorders (12%). For referrals originating outside KATH, the median distance from the referring facilities to KATH was 11km (IQR 3.6 – 56).

Conclusion

Children seeking neurological care at KATH are referred from various regions. There are long time lapses between referrals and first visit. It is recommended that referring clinicians in the districts/regions initiate treatment/therapies during this waiting period to minimize neuro-disabilities.
Utilization of Paediatric Electroencephalogram at Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital
Authors: Hammond Charles , OSei-Bonsu Angela , Acheampong Michael , Dogbe Joslin
Published: January 2022

BackgroundThough the diagnosis of epilepsy remains clinical, the electroencephalogram (EEG) is important in further evaluation of the patient, providing details on seizure type(s) and sometimes confirming an epilepsy syndrome. In Ghana, until 2016, EEG service was only available in the capital, Accra, and not accessible to many patients with epilepsy. Following the introduction of paediatric EEG service at the Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital (KATH) in 2016, many children with epilepsy are referred from various parts of the country for further evaluation. There is no data on where these children are referred from, who is referring them, and how long it takes to get the EEG done and receive a report.

We aimed to determine the demography and patterns of referral of children seeking EEG service at KATH.

Methods

A retrospective review of EEG referral letters and EEG reports of patients who had EEG recordings at the Paediatric EEG laboratory from January to December 2020 was done to determine the age, sex, referring facility, region, waiting times, and the abnormalities reported. For patients referred from outside KATH, the distance from the referring centers to KATH was estimated using Google Maps.

Results

Two hundred and fifty-six patients (108 females and 148 males, aged 1 month to 41 years) had EEGs done in the lab in 2020. These were referred from 10 out of the 16 regions, with Ashanti contributing the majority (74%). Most of the referrals were from medical officers (49.2%) and pediatricians (including neurologists) (33.2%). For referrals not coming from KATH, the mean distance from the referring centers to KATH was 55.1km (IQR 5.3 - 107.0km). After requesting an EEG, it took a median duration of 4 days (IQR 1-9) to get the recording done, and a further median duration of 20 days (IQR 8-34) to receive a report. Fifty-seven percent of the EEGs were reported as abnormal.  

  Conclusion

EEG utilization is common among medical officers and paediatricians caring for children with epilepsy who are referred from various parts of the country. In resource-limited settings, clinicians need to consider several factors before requesting an EEG to minimize abuse.
PENERAPAN LAS LISTRIK DALAM PEMBUATAN KANOPI
Authors: moh.firman
Published: January 2022

Teknologi pengelasan merupakan salah satu bagian yang tidak bisa dipisahkan dalam suatu proses manufaktur karena pengelasan memegang peranan penting dalam setiap rekayasa logam. Definisi pengelasan menurut DIN (Deutsche Industrie Norman) adalah ikatan metalurgi pada sambungan logam atau logam paduan yang dilakukan dalam keadaan lumer atau cair. Pengelasan adalah salah satu teknik penyambungan logam dengan cara mencairkan sebagian logam induk dan logam pengisi dengan atau tanpa tekanan dan dengan atau tanpa logam penambah dan menghasilkan sambungan yang kontinu. Sehingga untuk mendapatkan hasil sambungan pengelasan yang baik dan berkualitas maka perlu memperhatikan sifat-sifat bahan yang akan di las maupun penelitian tentang perlakuan pendinginan pada logam yang di las sangat mendukung untuk mendapatkan hasil sambungan las yang berkualitas. Kekuatan hasil lasan dipengaruhi oleh besar busur, besar arus, kecepatan pengelasan, besarnya penembusan dan polaritas listrik
PEMILIHAN JUDUL, IDENTIFIKASI DAN RUMUSAN MASALAH
Authors: Sakti Bayu Purbha
Published: January 2022

Judul penelitian yang dipilih dari proposal penelitian, skripsi, tesis,atau disertasi merupakan suatu rumusan gagasan yang memenuhisuatu fenomena, gejala, bahkan kejadian dari lingkungan tertentuyang dibuat menjadi objek kajian. Judul penelitian yang ditulis harusmenunjukkan kejelasan dan ketegasan berkaitan variabel yang akandigunakan. Variabel bebas adalah faktor yang mendahului danvariabel terikat adalah faktor yang menjadi akibat. Judul penelitiantindakan kelas harus berfokus pada subyek orang dan tempatdimana dilakukan penelitian yang sama. Kata yang digunakan dalampemilihan judul akan memberikan pengetahuan sekilas lebih awaluntuk pembaca.Identifikasi masalah merupakan suatu cara untuk menuliskanpernyataan-pernyataan masalah yang berada di dalam latar belakangmasalah. Identifikasi masalah ditulis berupa kalimat-kalimatpernyataan yang menunjukan masalah. Upaya perbaikan yangdilakukan ditentukan oleh pemilihan dan identifikasi masalah yangtepat. Masalah yang didapatkan dari kegiatan pembelajaran dapatdiidentifikasi dan diteliti. Rancangan penelitian tindakan kelas akanmenentukan terhadap masalah-masalah yang ditulis dan diidentifikasi.Rumusan masalah merupakan suatu cara untuk menuliskanpertanyaan-pertanyaan masalah yang didapatkan dari latar belakangmasalah. Rumusan masalah ditulis berupa kalimat pertanyaan yangberkaitan dengan judul dan permasalahan penelitian. Kata dan kalimatyang akan dituliskan di rumusan masalah harus mempertimbangkanvariabel penelitian yang sudah ditulis. Rumusan masalah ditulisberupa kalimat-kalimat pertanyaan yang menanyakan solusi darimasalah. Masalah-masalah tersebut juga harus ditanyakan sesuaidengan karakter pertanyaan penelitian tindakan kelas.
PROSES PERAWATAN BRAKE PAD MODEL DISK BRAKE
Authors: tamimi Ases
Published: January 2022

Memasuki era globalisasi inovasi di bidang otomotif saat ini semakin memanjakan pemakai, dan terobosan teknologi terbaru. Dimasa sekarang kendaraan sudah memakai berbagai sistem yang maju, salah satu dari sistem itu adalah sistem pengereman[1].Pengertian rem atau disk brake secara umum yaitu suatu sistem yang berfungsi untuk menghentikan atau mengurangi laju kecepatan roda pada kendaraan.Kampas rem sekarang pada umumnya menggunakan material serat komposit alami. Pemanfaatan material komposit pada saat ini semakin berkembang seiring dengan meningkatnya penggunaan bahan tersebut[2]. Masa sekarang kampas rem tidak lagi menggunakan asbestos dikarenakan sudah dilarang untuk dijadikan brake pad atau kampas rem, karena tidak ramah lingkungan dan berdampak mengganggu kesehatan[3].
Strategi Pengembangan Potensi Sumber Daya Alam Hutan Mangrove Di Kawasan Kelurahan Ketapang Kecamatan Kademangan Kota Probolinggo
Authors: P Gilang Satria
Published: January 2022

Luas hutan mangrove di Probolinggo pada tahun 2001 seluas 209,32 Ha. Sedangkan luas area mangrove pada tahun 2011 seluas 295,20 Ha. Hasil pendataan tersebut menunjukkan bahwa area mangrove selama kurun waktu sepuluh tahun 2001 sampai dengan tahun 2011 terlihat adanya peningkatan atau penambahan luas area hutan mangrove seluas 95,08 Ha. Maka perlu ada langkah-langkah inovatif dalam mengembangkan sumber daya lokal seperti buah mangrove. Metode yang digunakan yaitu memberikan sosialisasi dan pelatihan pengolahan. Hasil pelatihan menunjukkan bertambahnya wawasan para kelompok tani mangrove.
MENGELOLA DISRUPTION PADA INDUSTRI OTOMOTIF
Authors: Panggabean Angelita Nauli
Published: January 2022

Perkembangan teknologi dan kebutuhan untuk menemukan solusi yang berkelanjutan, industri otomotif telah mengalami perubahan atau momen inovasi. Sejumlah perusahaan baru menciptakan hal baru dalam industri, seperti kendaaraan mengemudi sendiri (self-driven) dan juga kendaraan listrik. Tujuan karya tulis ini adalah untuk melihat bagaimana gangguan atau disrupsi dapat dikelola. Dalam mencapai tujuan, penulis menggunakan metode tinjuan pustaka, dimana penulis mengumpulkan dan mempelajari jurnal-jurnal, baik internasional maupun nasional dari berbagai sumber di internet. Kesimpulan, secara singkat, disrupsi adalah dikelola dengan tiga langkah, antara lain Langkah pertama adalah memprediksi dampak model bisnis baru yang mengganggu, kedua memperkirakan berapa banyak konsumen yang dapat pindah ke produk baru, dan, langkah ketiga adalah memperluas analisis dampak model bisnis yang mengganggu ke sektor terkait lainnya.
Model expertise does not influence automatic imitation
Authors: Nevejans Maura , Cracco Emiel
Published: January 2022

Social learning theories state that new skills can be learned by observing others. Automatic imitation is thought to play an important role in this process. However, whether imitation is beneficial to learning critically depends on the expertise of the imitated person. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the influence of model expertise on automatic imitation, by comparing automatic imitation of an expert and non-expert model in two within-subject experiments. In a first experiment (N = 61), we manipulated the perception of expertise in one task and tested how this influenced automatic imitation in a separate task. However, in contrast to our hypothesis, and in spite of a successful manipulation check, we did not find evidence for an effect of model expertise on imitative behavior. To exclude the alternative explanation that this was due to a lack of transfer of expertise attribution, we then conducted a second, preregistered experiment (N = 125), in which we manipulated model expertise using the same task also used to measure automatic imitation. However, in line with the results of Experiment 1, we found no evidence for an effect of model expertise on imitative behavior. These results put important constraints on the role of automatic imitation in motor learning.