bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Charge Transfer within the F4TCNQ‐MoS2 van der Waals Interface: Toward Electrical Properties Tuning and Gas Sensing Application
Authors: Wang Jiawei , Ji Zhuoyu , Yang Guanhua , Chuai Xichen , Liu Fengjing , Zhou Zheng , Lu Congyan , Wei Wei , Shi Xuewen , Niu Jiebin , Wang Liang , Wang Hong , Chen Jiezhi , Lu Nianduan , Jiang Chao , Li Ling , Liu Ming
Published: October 2018

The development of van der Waals heterostructures in 2D materials systems has attracted considerable interests for exploring new insights of (opto‐) electrical characteristics, device physics, and novel functional applications. Utilizing organic molecular material with strong electron withdrawing ability, charge transfer van der Waals interfaces are formed between 2,3,5,6‐tetrafluoro‐7,7,8,8‐tetracyanoquinodimethane (F4TCNQ) and MoS2, via which the modulation of the onset voltages and optimization of subthreshold swing values in MoS2‐based field effect transistors are realized. Charge transfer process and its functionality mechanisms are further verified and investigated with first‐principles calculation, scanning Kelvin probe microscope characterization, and temperature‐dependent electrical characterization. With the charge transfer effect between reducing gas molecules and F4TCNQ, NH3 gas sensor is proposed and fabricated with the sensitivity reaching higher than 1000% at 100 ppm, much more outstanding performance than those of any reported MoS2‐based NH3 gas sensors. The F4TCNQ‐MoS2 hybrid strategy might open up a pathway for tuning and optimizing the electrical properties, in addition to novel functional units designing and fabrications in electric devices based on low‐dimensional semiconducting systems.
Energy Conversion at the Cuticle of Living Plants
Authors: Meder Fabian , Must Indrek , Sadeghi Ali , Mondini Alessio , Filippeschi Carlo , Beccai Lucia , Mattoli Virgilio , Pingue Pasqualantonio , Mazzolai Barbara
Published: October 2018

Progress towards green and autonomous energy sources includes harnessing living systems and biological tissue. It is recently discovered that the cuticle‐cellular tissue bilayer in higher plant leaves functions as an integrated triboelectric generator conductor couple capable of converting mechanical stimuli into electricity. Here, it is investigated for the first time, in detail how charge generation at the living plant leaf occurs, and it is shown how whole plants could be used in plant‐hybrid wind‐energy harvesting systems. The charge accumulation and compensation in and ex vivo on Rhododendron leaves by Kelvin force microscopy is verified, revealing that charges are induced and transported in living plant tissue whereas charges remain unbalanced and trapped on dead leaves of the same species. A distinct sensing functionality and opportunity to upscale power output is given as electrical signals are species, touch‐material, and dose‐dependent and scale with frequency, impact force, and area. It is shown that also purely natural mechanical stimuli by wind or self‐touching of leaves are converted into electrical signals by a triboelectric mechanism. The entirely plant‐enabled and autonomous energy conversion can be used to directly drive light emitting diodes, charge a capacitor, and harvest wind‐energy with promise for new energy sources based on the Plant Kingdom.
Storage of Mechanical Energy Based on Carbon Nanotubes with High Energy Density and Power Density
Authors: Bai Yunxiang , Shen Boyuan , Zhang Shenli , Zhu Zhenxing , Sun Silei , Gao Jun , Li Banghao , Wang Yao , Zhang Rufan , Wei Fei
Published: October 2018

Energy storage in a proper form is an important way to meet the fast increase in the demand for energy. Among the strategies for storing energy, storage of mechanical energy via suitable media is widely utilized by human beings. With a tensile strength over 100 GPa, and a Young's modulus over 1 TPa, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are considered as one of the strongest materials ever found and exhibit overwhelming advantages for storing mechanical energy. For example, the tensile‐strain energy density of CNTs is as high as 1125 Wh kg‐1. In addition, CNTs also exhibit great potential for fabricating flywheels to store kinetic energy with both high energy density (8571 Wh kg‐1) and high power density (2 MW kg‐1 to 2 GW kg‐1). Here, an overview of some typical mechanical‐energy‐storage systems and materials is given. Then, theoretical and experimental studies on the mechanical properties of CNTs and CNT assemblies are introduced. Afterward, the strategies for utilizing CNTs to store mechanical energy are discussed. In addition, macroscale production of CNTs is summarized. Finally, future trends and prospects in the development of CNTs used as mechanical‐energy‐storage materials are presented.
Nanowire Assemblies for Flexible Electronic Devices: Recent Advances and Perspectives
Authors: Wang Jin‐Long , Hassan Muhammad , Liu Jian‐Wei , Yu Shu‐Hong
Published: October 2018

The fabrication of nanowire (NW)‐based flexible electronics including wearable energy storage devices, flexible displays, electrical sensors, and health monitors has received great attention both in fundamental research and market requirements in our daily lives. Other than a disordered state after synthesis, NWs with designed and hierarchical structures would not only optimize the intrinsic performance, but also create new physical and chemical properties, and integration of individual NWs into well‐defined structures over large areas is one of the most promising strategies to optimize the performance of NW‐based flexible electronics. Here, the recent developments and achievements made in the field of flexible electronics composed of integrated NW structures are presented. The different assembly strategies for the construction of 1D, 2D, and 3D NW assemblies, especially the NW coassembly process for 2D NW assemblies, are comprehensively discussed. The improvements of different NW assemblies on flexible electronics structure and performance are described in detail to elucidate the advantages of well‐defined NW assemblies. Finally, a short summary and outlook for future challenges and perspectives in this field are presented.
Gel‐Switchable Droplet Front for Large‐Scale Uniformity of Inkjet Printed Silver Patterns
Authors: Tao Ruiqiang , Fang Zhiqiang , Ning Honglong , Chen Jianqiu , Yang Caigui , Zhou Yicong , Yao Rihui , Wang Lei , Song Yongsheng , Peng Junbiao
Published: October 2018

Attempts at achieving uniform deposits by drop drying are crucial in inkjet printed electronics, since homogeneous surface profiles of solution processed films are frustrated by the ubiquitous coffee ring effect. However, the majority of research on the final shape has been conducted for only dots and narrow lines, as it remains a big challenge to regulate the flows between droplets. Here, a facile and green way to achieve excellent uniformity of inkjet printed film on large scale (8 cm × 8 cm) is shown, by developing a simple but novel gel ink, which contains only small molecule components, but boasts advantages in printability, filming, and low‐temperature processing properties. Fast evaporation, high‐concentration metal coordination, and enhanced Marangoni flow all contribute to rapid sol (printing) to gel (filming) transition process, leading to the formation of gel‐switchable front of each droplet (≈10 pL) within the deposition delay, which suppresses flows during droplet coalescence with eliminated boundaries. The resulting silver nanoparticle film is optimized (140 °C, 30 min) to have a low resistivity of 6.42 × 10−8 Ω m and a surface fluctuation of 15 nm, which is extremely flat with respect to each undulation span of 35 µm (Δh/ΔL ≈ 3/7000).
Smart Noise Control Using Shape Memory Sound Absorber
Authors: Park Juhyuk , Kim Hyung Min , Youn Jae Ryoun , Song Young Seok
Published: October 2018

Efficient and satisfactory noise damping is essential for achieving a high quality of life. Therefore, the way of sound absorption is a very important technical issue in various industries such as automobiles, acoustics, naval architecture, and so on. In this paper, a unique sound absorber which could manipulate its geometry and resulting performance in an active fashion is demonstrated. The strategy is to adopt the reversible shape‐changing ability of a shape memory polymer foam. The microstructure of foam is programmed and recovered in order to control the sound absorption capability dependent on frequency. The results reveal that the sound absorption coefficients could be tuned for the noise control based on frequency matching. Furthermore, the underlying theory is studied with a numerical simulation method regarding shape memory behavior and poroacoustical behavior. It is expected that the shape memory sound absorber proposed in this research provides a new insight into noise, vibration, and harshness technology.
Room‐Temperature High‐Gain Long‐Wavelength Photodetector via Optical–Electrical Controlling of Hot Carriers in Graphene
Authors: Liu Changlong , Wang Lin , Chen Xiaoshuang , Politano Antonio , Wei Dacheng , Chen Gang , Tang Weiwei , Lu Wei , Tredicucci Alessandro
Published: October 2018

Photodetectors exploiting photoejected hot electrons have the potential to achieve ultrahigh sensitivity and broadband detection capabilities, which are controlled by the structure of the device rather than the bandgap of the employed materials. However, the achievement of photodetectors of long‐wavelength photons with both high responsivity and bandwidth is still challenging. Here, a novel class of high‐gain photodetectors based on the manipulation of intrinsic hot carriers by exploiting the electromagnetic engineering of a graphene‐based active channel is presented. Light field is focused in a split‐finger gated structure to create a potential gradient in the channel, which is able to trap and detrap the charges laterally transferred from low resistive Au–graphene interface, finally leading to a high photoconductive gain. Correspondingly, the device activity can be easily switched from photovoltaic to photoconductive, depending on the photoinduced hot‐carrier distribution, just by controlling the electric field. The device shows tunable sensitivity, higher energy efficiency, and photoconductive gain. In particular, the responsivity (0.6–6.0 kV W−1) and the noise‐equivalent power (less than 0.1 nW Hz−0.5 at room temperature) are significantly improved even at low‐energy terahertz band with respect to state‐of‐the‐art devices based on extrinsically coupled hot carriers operating in the near infrared.
Silk Fibroin/Orange Peel Foam: An Efficient Biocomposite for Water Remediation
Authors: Campagnolo Laura , Morselli Davide , Magrì Davide , Scarpellini Alice , Demirci Cansunur , Colombo Massimo , Athanassiou Athanassia , Fragouli Despina
Published: October 2018

A novel approach for the valorization of orange peel waste for the removal of aqueous organic pollutants is presented herein. The orange peel is combined with silk fibroin in order to obtain alcogels, which are successfully converted into highly porous biocomposite foams upon supercritical CO2 drying. The biocomposite shows a Brunauer–Emmett–Teller specific surface area of 174.45 m2 g−1 and can absorb three times its weight in water. The resulting adsorbents can adsorb methylene blue from water with a maximum adsorption capacity of 113.8 ± 12.5 mg g−1, with the orange peel activity well preserved in the polymeric matrix. The spectroscopic studies performed show that the methylene blue molecules are adsorbed in the form of monomers on the surface of the biocomposite foams, forming a monolayer as suggested by the Langmuir isotherm model. Although the agrowaste powders are already confirmed to be promising biosorbents for the removal of pollutants from water, the difficulties caused by their recovery after the water treatment may limit their manageability and applicability. With this study, such limitations can be overcome thanks to the incorporation of the powder in a solid porous system, without significantly compromising the dye adsorption capacity of the incorporated orange peel.
A Nonflammable Na+‐Based Dual‐Carbon Battery with Low‐Cost, High Voltage, and Long Cycle Life
Authors: Jiang Xiaoyu , Liu Xingwei , Zeng Ziqi , Xiao Lifen , Ai Xinping , Yang Hanxi , Cao Yuliang
Published: October 2018

Dual‐carbon batteries provide a new perspective on energy storage technology due to their high voltage and low cost. Herein, a novel Na+‐based dual‐carbon battery (Na+‐DCB) is developed based on a nonflammable trimethyl phosphate (TMP) electrolyte with sodium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonate)imide salt (NaTFSI). As the molar ratio of NaTFSI/TMP increases to 1:2, the graphite cathode shows a high reversible capacity of 52.9 mAh g−1, excellent rate capability (21.0 mAh g−1 at 2000 mA g−1) and superstability cycling performance (≈100% capacity retention after 750 cycles). In addition, a stable solid electrolyte interface (SEI) film is formed on the surface of hard carbon anode by the preferential reductive decomposition of TFSI−, which suppresses decomposition of TMP. In this case, the Na+‐DCB is capable to provide an operation voltage of 4.0 V and excellent electrochemical performance. This work provides new insights for developing new dual‐carbon batteries with safety, low cost, and absence of heavy metals.
The role of galactomannan Aspergillus antigen in diagnosing acute invasive fungal sinusitis
Authors: Melancon C. Claire , Lindsey Jennifer , Russell Gregory B. , Clinger John D.
Published: October 2018

Background

Pathologic diagnosis remains the gold standard for final diagnosis of acute invasive fungal sinusitis (AIFS); however, other less invasive tests could suggest the presence of AIFS in at‐risk populations where early diagnosis is crucial. Serum galactomannan Aspergillus antigen has been shown to correlate with a diagnosis of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis; however, it has not adequately been evaluated in regard to AIFS. The objective of this study is to evaluate the statistical relevance of galactomannan in predicting diagnosis of AIFS.

Methods

This study was a retrospective review of pathologic records using Co‐Path from 2006 to 2017, incorporating 2 separate searches with designated criteria identifying patients who received pathologic evaluation for invasive fungal sinusitis. Electronic medical records were subsequently reviewed. After exclusions isolating at‐risk populations and removing duplications, 78 cases were reviewed using the indicated search criteria. Of these, 38 met further criteria of having had both pathologic evaluation and galactomannan analysis. Statistical variables were assessed, as well as all‐cause mortality. Peak and closest galactomannan levels were evaluated.

Results

Overall, galactomannan had a sensitivity of 44.8% (95% confidence interval [CI], 26.5% to 64.3%), specificity of 100% (95% CI, 66.4% to 100%), positive predictive value of 100% (95% CI, 74.3% to 100%), and negative predictive value of 36% (95% CI, 18.0% to 57.5%). No significant association was observed in galactomannan status and mortality in this patient population.

Conclusion

Positive serum galactomannan can be an indication of AIFS in patients with a high clinical suspicion. In our study, a positive galactomannan always correlated with a positive pathologic diagnosis. However, given its low sensitivity, one must use caution in relying on galactomannan as a screening tool in diagnosis of AIFS.
2,6‐Dimercuriphenol as a Bifacial Dinuclear Organometallic Nucleobase
Authors: Ukale Dattatraya Uttam , Lönnberg Tuomas
Published: October 2018

A C‐nucleoside having 2,6‐dimercuriphenol as the base moiety has been synthesized and incorporated into an oligonucleotide. NMR and UV melting experiments revealed the ability of this bifacial organometallic nucleobase surrogate to form stable dinuclear HgII‐mediated base triples with adenine, cytosine, and thymine (or uracil) in solution as well as within a triple‐helical oligonucleotide. A single HgII‐mediated base triple between 2,6‐dimercuriphenol and two thymines increased both Hoogsteen and Watson–Crick melting temperatures of a 15‐mer pyrimidine⋅purine*pyrimidine triple helix by more than 10 °C relative to an unmodified triple helix of the same length. This novel binding mode could be exploited in targeting certain pathogenic nucleic acids as well as in DNA nanotechnology.
Bacteriorhodopsin‐Inspired Light‐Driven Artificial Molecule Motors for Transmembrane Mass Transportation
Authors: Xie Ganhua , Li Pei , Zhao Zhiju , Kong Xiang‐Yu , Zhang Zhen , Xiao Kai , Wang Huanting , Wen Liping , Jiang Lei
Published: October 2018

In nature, biological machines and motors can selectively transport cargoes across the lipid membranes to efficiently perform various physiological functions via ion channels or ion pumps. It is interesting and challengeable to develop artificial motors and machines of nanodimensions to controllably regulate mass transport in compartmentalized systems. In this work, we show a system of artificial molecular motors that uses light energy to perform transmembrane molecule transport through synthetical nanochannels. After functionalizing the polymer nanochannels with azobenzene derivatives, these nanomachines exhibit autonomous selective transport behavior over a long distance upon simultaneous irradiation with UV (365 nm) and visible (430 nm) light. With new strategies or suitable materials for directed molecular movement, such device can be regarded as a precursor of artificial light‐driven molecular pumps.
Dual‐Mode Light Transduction through a Plastically Bendable Organic Crystal as an Optical Waveguide
Authors: Catalano Luca , Karothu Durga Prasad , Schramm Stefan , Ahmed Ejaz , Rezgui Rachid , Barber Timothy J. , Famulari Antonino , Naumov Panče
Published: October 2018

An anthracene derivative, 9,10‐dicyanoanthracene, crystallizes as fluorescent needle‐like single crystals that can be readily plastically bent in two directions. Spatially resolved photoluminescence analysis revealed that this material has robust optoelectronic properties that are preserved upon extreme crystal deformation. The highly flexible crystals were successfully tested as efficient switchable optical waveguiding elements for both active and passive light transduction, and the mode of operation depends on the wavelength of the incident light. This prototypical dual‐mode organic optical crystalline fiber brings mechanically compliant molecular organic crystals closer to applications as novel light‐transducing media for wireless transfer of information in all‐organic micro‐optoelectronic devices.
Towards a Spectrally Customized Photoresponse from an Organic–Inorganic Hybrid Ferroelectric
Authors: Ji Chengmin , Liu Sijie , Han Shiguo , Tao Kewen , Sun Zhihua , Luo Junhua
Published: October 2018

Photosensitive organic–inorganic hybrid ferroelectrics are emerging as a new class of promising materials with a broad spectral response (e.g., visible light, UV light, and IR light) for optoelectronic applications. However, spectrally customized photoresponses in ferroelectrics have not been achieved. Herein, we report a photosensitive organic–inorganic hybrid ferroelectric, (diisobutylammonium)3ClCoCl4 (1), with a notable spontaneous polarization of approximately 4.6 μC cm−2 and high Curie temperature (Tc=372.5 K). More interestingly, it features spectrally selective absorption at specific wave bands ranging from 550 to 700 nm with a large absorption coefficient, which was assigned to the d–d transition of Co2+ from the 4A2 to the 4T1 (P) state. It is emphasized that 1 shows spectrally customized photosensitivity with distinct photocurrent generation under light illumination at 550–700 nm. This is the first hybrid photosensitive ferroelectric with a spectrally customized photoresponse. This finding should lead to innovative applications of hybrid photosensitive ferroelectrics, especially towards spectrally selective optoelectronic devices.
Synthesis, structural characterization, density functional theory (B3LYP) calculations, thermal behaviour, docking and antimicrobial activity of 4‐amino‐5‐(heptadec‐8‐en‐1‐yl)‐4H‐1,2,4‐triazole‐3‐thiol and its metal chelates
Authors: Zayed Ehab M. , Zayed Mohamed A. , Abd El Salam Hayam A. , Nawwar Galal A.M.
Published: October 2018

The structure of prepared triazole ligand 4‐amino‐5‐(heptadec‐8‐en‐1‐yl)‐4H‐1,2,4‐triazole‐3‐thiol and its coordination behaviour towards transition metal ions Ni (II), Co (II), Fe (III), Cd (II) and Cu (II) have been studied using magnetic measurements, elemental analyses and electronic, Fourier transform infrared and 1H NMR spectroscopies. The thermal behaviours of the triazole ligand and its chelates were investigated and their thermal decomposition possibilities are proposed. The stages of all thermal decompositions are discussed. The Gaussian09 program was used to optimize the structural formula for the triazole ligand. Applying the DFT/B3LYP/6–311 basis set method, important theoretical parameters were calculated. The target triazole and its metal chelates were investigated in vitro against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aurous, Aspergillus flavus and Candida albicans, and were found to exhibit good antimicrobial activity. These results were confirmed using theoretical molecular docking.
Metal–organic framework‐derived cobalt and nitrogen co‐doped porous carbon with four‐coordinated Co–Nx for efficient acetylene hydrochlorination
Authors: Dong Xiaobin , Zhao Chaoyue , Guan Qingxin , Li Wei , Xu Xiufang
Published: October 2018

Industrial production of vinyl chloride through acetylene hydrochlorination is a dominating technique in coal‐rich areas, but its development is severely restricted by the use of toxic mercury chloride (HgCl2) catalyst. Inspired by the fact that doped carbon materials active in acetylene hydrochlorination often have good performance in the oxygen reduction reaction, a series of cobalt and nitrogen co‐doped porous carbon catalysts prepared by pyrolysis of bimetallic ZIFs based on ZIF‐8 and ZIF‐67 under N2 were applied in acetylene hydrochlorination. The catalytic activities of the co‐doped catalysts varied with Co addition, and the highest acetylene conversion could be up to 83% with a space velocity of 2.6 ml g−1 min−1 at 220°C when a small amount of cobalt was introduced. Results of several characterizations confirmed the existence of Co–Nx in the co‐doped carbons, pointing out that this coordination structure makes the catalysts have better ability to adsorb and activate C2H2. Density functional theory calculation finally proved that C atom adjacent to the N atom in Co–N4 structure is the primary active site in co‐doped catalysts with high activity. We also conclude that the decreased N content caused by Co2N decomposition and the coordination structure change of Co–Nx should be responsible for the gradually worsening performances of the carbon catalysts with further Co addition. Our study provides a new route for improving the performance of N‐doped carbon material in acetylene hydrochlorination and thus enhances its potential for practical application.
Statistical Tests for Integrity Attacks on Cyber‐Physical Systems
Authors: Zeng Qingliang , Pu Shaoning , Zhang Xin
Published: October 2018

This paper is written to show a new detection method for integrity attack on the measurements. It is proved that the normality of the residual error from Kalman filter is equivalent to that of the measurement. Our method utilizes this property and it could not only detect the distribution changes at current time, but also detect the its time correlations. Overall, it is an improved detection method for a wider range of attacks.
Piecewise Polynomial Model Reduction Method for Nonlinear Systems in Time Domain
Authors: Qiu Zhi‐Yong , Jiang Yao‐Lin
Published: October 2018

Model order reduction (MOR) of nonlinear systems draws great attention in the past several decades. This paper presents a new MOR method in time domain for nonlinear dynamical systems. The new algorithm is based on the combination of the Taylor series expansion for the state variable x(t) and the trajectory piecewise polynomial technique. Firstly, the nonlinear system is approximated by a piecewise polynomial representation. Then, based on the Taylor series coefficients of x(t), we formulate the projection matrix V for the piecewise polynomial system and the compact model of the piecewise polynomial system is obtained in the following. Besides, error estimation and stability analysis are also presented in this paper. Finally, two nonlinear systems are tested to verify the effectiveness of the algorithm.
14‐3‐3ζ binds to hepatitis B virus protein X and maintains its protein stability in hepatocellular carcinoma cells
Authors: Tang Yufu , Zhang Yibing , Wang Chunhui , Sun Zhongyi , Li Longfei , Dong Jiahong , Zhou Wenping
Published: October 2018

14‐3‐3ζ, a phosphopeptide‐binding molecule, is reportedly overexpressed in the cancerous tissues of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Hepatitis B virus (HBV) protein X (HBx) draws intensive attention in HBV‐related HCC because it not only regulates HBV replication, but also promotes carcinogenesis by interacting with various tumor or antitumor molecules. This study is performed to investigate whether and how 14‐3‐3ζ interacts with HBx. The coimmunoprecipitation (Co‐IP) results showed that 14‐3‐3ζ bond to HBx in HBV‐infected Hep3B HCC cells and CSQT‐2 portal vein tumor thrombosis (PVTT) cells. By performing Co‐IP assay in HBV‐free Huh7 cells expressing wild‐type HBx, mutant HBx‐S31A, or HBx‐S31D (serine31 was mutated into alanine31 or aspartic acid31), we found that the phosphorylated serine31 with its near amino acid residues constituted a RPLphosphoS31GP (R, arginine; P, proline; L, leucine; S, serine; G, glycine) motif in HBx for 14‐3‐3ζ docking. This 14‐3‐3ζ‐HBx interaction was partly impaired when Akt signaling transduction was blocked by LY294002. Furthermore, 14‐3‐3ζ silencing augmented HBx ubiquitination and decreased its expression in cancer cells and xenograft tumor. The migratory and invasive abilities of CSQT‐2 cells were inhibited upon 14‐3‐3ζ silencing, whereas partly restored by HBx overexpression. Additionally, 14‐3‐3ζ positively correlated with HBx to be overexpressed in the primary HCC tissues (r = 0.344) and metastatic PVTT (r = 0.348). In summary, findings of this study reveal a novel 14‐3‐3ζ‐HBx interaction in HCC cells and suggest 14‐3‐3ζ as a candidate target for treating HBV‐related HCC.
Effect of functional genetic variants in chemokine decoy receptors on the recurrence risk of breast cancer
Authors: Li Dou‐Dou , Yang Chen , Shao Zhi‐Ming , Yu Ke‐Da
Published: October 2018

Duffy antigen receptor for chemokine (DARC) and CCBP2, the two members of chemokine decoy receptor family, restrain cell proliferation and invasion through sequestrating cytotoxic chemokines. Our previous research clarified two functional nonsynonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs): rs12075 in DARC and rs2228468 in CCBP2 were significantly correlated with lymph node metastasis. However, the role of their genetic variations on survival of breast cancer remains unclear. In the present study, rs12075 in DARC and rs2228468 in CCBP2 were genotyped in 806 patients with primary breast cancer. The endpoint was recurrence‐free survival (RFS). Cox regression model was used to explore the association between SNPs and patients’ survival. The results revealed that participants with GG genotype in rs12075 appeared a higher recurrence risk compared with AG/AA genotype after adjustment with clinical parameters including lymph node status (AG+AA vs GG: hazard ratio [HR] = 0.54, 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.31‐0.93, P = 0.027). Furthermore, subgroup analysis revealed that GG genotype frequency of rs12075 had a positive correlation with RFS compared with AG/AA genotype (AG+AA vs GG: HR = 0.22, 95% CI, 0.05‐0.91, P = 0.021) in triple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC) subtype but not in other subtypes. No significant association between the genotypic variants and relapse risk was found in rs2228468 (AC+AA vs CC: HR = 0.80, 95% CI, 0.56‐1.14, P = 0.222). There was also no significant difference in survival among rs2228468 polymorphism in any subtypes. Our study suggested that rs12075 could be served as a key predictive factor of recurrence risk in breast cancer, especially for TNBC subtype. Further researches to monitor SNPs will provide further opportunities to determine clinical prognosis.
Risk‐dependent curability of radiotherapy for elderly patients with early‐stage extranodal nasal‐type NK/T‐cell lymphoma: A multicenter study from the China Lymphoma Collaborative Group (CLCG)
Authors: Chen Bo , Zhu Su‐Yu , Shi Mei , Su Hang , Wang Ying , He Xia , Xu Li‐Ming , Yuan Zhi‐Yong , Zhang Li‐Ling , Wu Gang , Qu Bao‐Lin , Qian Li‐Ting , Hou Xiao‐Rong , Zhang Fu‐Quan , Zhang Yu‐Jing , Zhu Yuan , Cao Jian‐Zhong , Lan Sheng‐Min , Wu Jun‐Xin , Wu Tao , Qi Shu‐Nan , Yang Yong , Liu Xin , Li Ye‐Xiong
Published: October 2018

Background

The purpose of this study was to determine the curability of early‐stage extranodal nasal‐type NK/T‐cell lymphoma (NKTCL) in response to radiotherapy and non‐anthracycline‐based chemotherapy in elderly patients.

Methods

In this multicenter study from the China Lymphoma Collaborative Group (CLCG) database, 321 elderly patients with early‐stage NKTCL were retrospectively reviewed. Patients received radiotherapy alone (n = 87), chemotherapy alone (n = 59), or combined modality therapy (CMT, n = 175). Patients were classified into low‐ or high‐risk groups using four prognostic factors. Observed survival in the study cohort vs expected survival in age‐ and sex‐matched individuals from the general Chinese population was plotted using a conditional approach and subsequently compared using a standardized mortality ratio (SMR).

Results

Radiotherapy conveyed a favorable prognosis and significantly improved survival compared to chemotherapy alone. The 5‐year overall survival (OS) and progression‐free survival (PFS) were 61.2% and 56.4%, respectively, for radiotherapy compared with 44.7% and 38.3%, respectively, for chemotherapy alone (P < 0.001). The combination of a non‐anthracycline‐based chemotherapy regimen and radiotherapy significantly improved PFS compared to combination of an anthracycline‐based chemotherapy regimen and radiotherapy (71.2% vs 44.2%, P = 0.017). Low‐risk patients following radiotherapy (SMR, 0.703; P = 0.203) and high‐risk patients who achieved PFS at 24 months (SMR, 1.490; P = 0.111) after radiotherapy showed survival equivalent to the general Chinese population.

Conclusions

Our findings indicate a favorable curability for this malignancy in response to radiotherapy and non‐anthracycline‐based chemotherapy, providing a risk‐adapted follow‐up and counsel scheme in elderly patients.
Synthesis and Spectral Characterization of Asymmetric Azines Containing a Coumarin Moiety: The Discovery of New Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Agents
Authors: Ristić Milenko N. , Radulović Niko S. , Dekić Biljana R. , Dekić Vidoslav S. , Ristić Novica R. , Stojanović‐Radić Zorica
Published: October 2018

Nine unsymmetrical azines containing a coumarin moiety were prepared by the reaction of the hydrazone of 4‐hydroxy‐3‐acetylcoumarin with differently substituted aromatic aldehydes. The azines were fully spectrally characterized, including a complete assignment of 1H‐ and 13C‐NMR resonances, and were assessed for their acute toxicities in the Artemia salina model. Their free radical scavenging activities were tested in the DPPH assay, and in vitro antimicrobial activities were determined against seven bacterial and two fungal strains. The azines containing a p‐hydroxyphenyl group were shown to be the most effective antimicrobial agents, and in the case of resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Acinetobacter baumannii, the activity was comparable to that of chloramphenicol. The derivative having a 3,5‐dimethoxy‐4‐hydroxyphenyl group exhibited pronounced antioxidant power reacting rapidly and in 1 : 1 mol ratio with the DPPH radical.
Post‐translational Assembly of Protein Parts into Complex Devices by Using SpyTag/SpyCatcher Protein Ligase
Authors: Sutherland Ashley R. , Alam Md. Kausar , Geyer C. Ronald
Published: October 2018

Exploiting the innate modularity of proteins has allowed advances across the fields of synthetic biology and biotechnology. By using standardized protein components as building blocks, complex, multiprotein assemblies with sophisticated functions can be generated; feats previously not possible with strictly genetic‐engineering approaches. The development of strategies for protein assembly is accelerating, pushing the boundaries of protein architecture. SpyTag and SpyCatcher protein ligase is a recent advance in this field that allows plug‐and‐play modularity by harnessing post‐translational protein assembly. Herein, we review the latest applications of this powerful tool including novel enzyme assemblies, modularizing protein display, and the generation of antibody and antibody‐like “devices” by using SpyTag/SpyCatcher technology.
Klotho gene‐modified BMSCs showed elevated antifibrotic effects by inhibiting the Wnt/β‐catenin pathway in kidneys after acute injury
Authors: Zhang Feng , Wan Xin , Cao Yi‐Zhi , Sun Dong , Cao Chang‐Chun
Published: October 2018

Klotho is a protein primarily expressed in renal tubular epithelial cells. Studies have suggested that Klotho is an antiaging protein that reduces renal fibrosis after acute kidney injury (AKI) and inhibits stem cell senescence. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) have consistent proliferation ability and multidirectional differentiation ability and have been used to treat tissue injury. Thus, we hypothesized that Klotho expressed in BMSCs could increase the renal protective effects of BMSCs. To verify the hypothesis, we isolated BMSCs from C57BL/6 mice, transfected them with Klotho‐GFP‐adenovirus and investigated the change in BMSC proliferation. We then transplanted Klotho‐GFP‐BMSCs into mice with AKI and investigated the therapeutic effect compared with that of sham‐treated mice and GFP‐BMSC‐transplanted mice. Kidney fibrosis after ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI) was relieved by BMSC transplantation, and the antifibrotic effect of BMSCs was significantly enhanced by overexpressing the Klotho gene. Mechanistic studies showed that Klotho increased pluripotency gene expression in BMSCs. Klotho produced by Klotho‐GFP‐BMSCs inhibited the Wnt/β‐catenin pathway in renal tubular epithelial cells (TECs). Klotho‐GFP‐BMSCs showed increased proliferative ability and more potent immuno‐regulation ability than did GFP‐BMSCs. Our findings suggested that Klotho gene‐modified BMSCs may be a better choice for cell therapy after AKI.
Novel mutation in CCBE 1 as a cause of recurrent hydrops fetalis from Hennekam lymphangiectasia‐lymphedema syndrome‐1
Authors: Melber Dora J. , Andreasen Tara S. , Mao Rong , Tvrdik Tatiana , Miller Christine E. , Moore Thomas R. , Woelkers Douglas A. , Lamale‐Smith Leah M.
Published: October 2018

Key Clinical Message

Whole exome sequencing (WES) was used to determine the etiology of recurrent hydrops fetalis in this case of Hennekam lymphangiectasia‐lymphedema syndrome‐1. WES is a useful approach for diagnosing rare single‐gene conditions with nonspecific phenotypes and should be considered early in the diagnostic process of investigating fetal abnormalities.
Recent Progress in Asymmetric Ion‐Pairing Catalysis with Ammonium Salts
Authors: Qian Deyun , Sun Jianwei
Published: October 2018

Quaternary ammonium salts play an important role in asymmetric catalysis. In this Minireview, how asymmetric ion‐pairing catalysis with ammonium ions has been utilized in organic synthesis is explained, particularly in the design of novel catalytic cycles. This includes the use of chiral ammonium‐based catalysts for the construction of challenging stereogenic centers. Ammonium‐derived electrophilic reagents, typically formed in situ and in the context of phase‐transfer catalysis (PTC), have also been utilized in asymmetric bond‐forming reactions. Furthermore, ammonium salts have been employed as substrates in several stereocontrolled C−N bond cleavage processes, leading to enantioenriched products by using novel asymmetric induction modes. In addition, merging ammonium ion‐pairing catalysis with other catalytic approaches has also emerged as a new platform for achieving previously less straightforward reactions, thereby allowing new synthetic applications.
Spatially‐Resolved Multiple Metallopolymer Surfaces by Photolithography
Authors: Müller Rouven , Feuerstein Thomas J. , Trouillet Vanessa , Bestgen Sebastian , Roesky Peter W. , Barner‐Kowollik Christopher
Published: October 2018

A tetrazole‐based photoligation protocol for the spatially‐resolved encoding of various defined metallopolymers onto solid surfaces is introduced. By using this approach, fabrication of bi‐ and trifunctional metallopolymer surfaces with different metal combinations were achieved. Specifically, α‐ω‐functional copolymers containing bipyridine as well as triphenylphosphine ligands were synthesized through reversible addition‐fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization, and subsequently metal loaded to afford metallopolymers of the widely‐used metals gold, palladium, and platinum. Spatially‐resolved surface attachment was achieved by means of a nitrile imine‐mediated tetrazole‐ene cycloaddition (NITEC) based photoligation protocol, exploiting tethered tetrazoles and metallopolymers equipped with a maleimide chain terminus. Metallopolymer coated surfaces with three different metals were prepared and characterized by time‐of‐flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF‐SIMS) and spatially‐resolved X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) mapping, supporting the preserved chemical composition of the surface‐bound metallopolymers. The established photochemical technology platform for arbitrary spatially‐resolved metallopolymer surface designs enables the patterning of multiple metallopolymers onto solid substrates. This allows for the assembly of designer metallopolymer substrates.
Asymmetric Carboxycyanation of Aldehydes by Cooperative AlF/Onium Salt Catalysts: from Cyanoformate to KCN as Cyanide Source
Authors: Brodbeck Daniel , Álvarez‐Barcia Sonia , Meisner Jan , Broghammer Florian , Klepp Julian , Garnier Delphine , Frey Wolfgang , Kästner Johannes , Peters René
Published: October 2018

Asymmetric 1,2‐additions of cyanide yield enantioenriched cyanohydrins as versatile chiral building blocks. Next to HCN, volatile organic cyanide sources are usually used. Among them, cyanoformates are more attractive on technical scale than TMSCN for cost reasons, but catalytic productivity is usually lower. Here, the development of a new strategy for cyanations is described, in which this activity disadvantage is overcome. A Lewis acidic Al center cooperates with an aprotic onium moiety within a remarkably robust bifunctional Al–F–salen complex. This allowed for unprecedented turnover numbers of up to 104. DFT studies suggest an unexpected unique trimolecular pathway in which the ammonium bound cyanide attacks the aldehyde, which itself is activated by the carbonyl group of the cyanoformate binding to the Al center. In addition, a novel practical carboxycyanation method was developed that makes use of KCN as the sole cyanide source. The use of a pyrocarbonate as carboxylating reagent provided the best results.
Vapoluminescent Behavior and the Single‐Crystal‐to‐Single‐Crystal Transformations of Chloroform Solvates of [Au2(μ‐1,2‐bis(diphenylarsino)ethane)2](AsF6)2
Authors: England Kellie R. , Lim Sang Ho , Luong Lucy M. C. , Olmstead Marilyn M. , Balch Alan L.
Published: October 2018

The mono‐ and di‐chloroform solvates of [Au2(μ‐1,2‐bis(diphenylarsino)ethane)2](AsF6)2 undergo single‐crystal‐to‐single‐crystal transformations that result in gain (over 12 hours) or slow loss (over five years) of only one chloroform molecule. The change in solvation results in changes in the structure and luminescence of the digold cation. The cation consists of a pair of slightly bent As‐Au‐As units that are connected through the two bridging dpae ligands and by aurophilic interactions with Au⋅⋅⋅Au contacts of 3.05152(15) Å in the disolvate or 2.9570(5) Å in the monosolvate.
Synthetic Studies on Spirolides A and B: Formation of the Upper Carbon Framework Based on a Lewis Acid Template‐Catalyzed Diels–Alder Reaction
Authors: Ishihara Jun , Usui Fuma , Kurose Tomohiro , Baba Tomohiro , Kawaguchi Yasunori , Watanabe Yuki , Hatakeyama Susumi
Published: October 2018

The upper fragment of spirolides A and B, which are marine phycotoxins that exhibit strong antagonistic activities on nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, was constructed. The functionalized cyclohexene in spirolides was stereoselectively synthesized from the bicyclic lactone, which could be readily accessed by the Lewis acid template‐catalyzed asymmetric Diels–Alder reaction of the pentadienol and methyl acrylate.
Metal‐Free Regioselective Chloroazidation of Internal Alkynes
Authors: Huang Bin , Liffert Raphael , Linden Anthony , Gademann Karl
Published: October 2018

A metal‐free, room temperature protocol for the regioselective chloroazidation of internal alkynes is disclosed. The reactions of internal alkynes with trimethylsilyl azide (TMSN3) in the presence of 1,3‐dichloro‐5,5‐dimethylhydantoin (DCDMH) afforded the corresponding chloroazidoalkenes in good yields. This reaction has good functional group tolerance and is operationally simple.
90 Jahre Chemie Ingenieur Technik
Authors: Wagemann Kurt
Published: October 2018

No abstract.
90 Jahre CIT – 90 Jahre wissenschaftliches Hochleistungsbarometer
Authors: Woppowa Ljuba
Published: October 2018

No abstract.
Economic assessment of patient navigation to colonoscopy‐based colorectal cancer screening in the real‐world setting at the University of Chicago Medical Center
Authors: Kim Karen E. , Randal Fornessa , Johnson Matt , Quinn Michael , Maene Chieko , Hoover Sonja , Richmond‐Reese Valerie , K. L. Tangka Florence , Joseph Djenaba A. , Subramanian Sujha
Published: October 2018

Background

This report details the cost effectiveness of a non‐nurse patient navigation (PN) program that was implemented at the University of Chicago Medical Center to increase colonoscopy‐based colorectal cancer (CRC) screening.

Methods

The authors investigated the impact of the PN intervention by collecting process measures. Individuals who received navigation were compared with a historic cohort of non‐navigated patients. In addition, a previously validated data‐collection instrument was tailored and used to collect all costs related to developing, implementing, and administering the program; and the incremental cost per patient successfully navigated (the cost of the intervention divided by the change in the number who complete screening) was calculated.

Results

The screening colonoscopy completion rate was 85.1% among those who were selected to receive PN compared with 74.3% when no navigation was implemented. With navigation, the proportion of no‐shows was 8.2% compared with 15.4% of a historic cohort of non‐navigated patients. Because the perceived risk of noncompletion was greater among those who received PN (previous no‐show or cancellation, poor bowel preparation) than that in the historic cohort, a scenario analysis was performed. Assuming no‐show rates between 0% and 50% and using a navigated rate of 85%, the total incremental program cost per patient successfully navigated ranged from $148 to $359, whereas the incremental intervention‐only implementation cost ranged from $88 to $215.

Conclusions

The current findings indicate that non‐nurse PN can increase colonoscopy completion, and this can be achieved at a minimal incremental cost for an insured population at an urban academic medical center.
Colorectal cancer screening interventions in 2 health care systems serving disadvantaged populations: Screening uptake and cost‐effectiveness
Authors: Lara Christen L. , Means Kelly L. , Morwood Krystal D. , Lighthall Westley R. , Hoover Sonja , Tangka Florence K.L. , French Cynthia , Gayle Krystal D. , DeGroff Amy , Subramanian Sujha
Published: October 2018

Background

The objectives of the current study were to assess changes in colorectal cancer (CRC) screening uptake and the cost‐effectiveness of implementing multiple evidence‐based interventions (EBIs). EBIs were implemented at 2 federally qualified health centers that participated in the Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment’s Clinic Quality Improvement for Population Health initiative.

Methods

Interventions included patient and provider reminder systems (health system 1), provider assessment and feedback (health systems 1 and 2), and numerous support activities (health systems 1 and 2). The authors evaluated health system 1 from July 2013 to June 2015 and health system 2 from July 2014 to June 2017. Evaluation measures included annual CRC screening uptake, EBIs implemented, funds received and expended by each health system to implement EBIs, and intervention costs to the Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment and health systems.

Results

CRC screening uptake increased by 18 percentage points in health system 1 and 10 percentage points in health system 2. The improvements in CRC screening uptake, not including the cost of the screening tests, were obtained at an added cost ranging from $24 to $29 per person screened.

Conclusions

In both health systems, the multicomponent interventions implemented likely resulted in improvements in CRC screening. The results suggest that significant increases in CRC screening uptake can be achieved in federally qualified health centers when appropriate technical support and health system commitment are present. The cost estimates of the multicomponent interventions suggest that these interventions and support activities can be implemented in a cost‐effective manner.
A robust recommended system based on attack detection
Authors: Yang Qin
Published: October 2018

In the increasingly fierce competition in e‐commerce sites, the recommendation system has brought great benefits to the site, but some unscrupulous businesses use the recommended system algorithm loopholes, the use of bulk injection of some fake users, and the ratings of these users with the normal user's rating. Therefore, when calculating user similarity, it is easy to enter the user's neighborhood circle, because the false user takes a high score (“push attack”) or a low score (“null attack”) on the target project. The recommendation scores will be biased, and it is important to detect these false users for the recommendation system and maintain a good e‐commerce competitive environment. In this paper, we propose a recommendation algorithm that divides user‐generated ratings into normal ratings and non‐generic ratings and refine and use state information to minimize the impact of spurious malicious users. Our algorithm first ensures that the recommender system is stable against the three main attack modes (random attack, average attack, power flow attack). Through the analysis of the real data, we verify the performance of the proposed scheme and compare our algorithm with the existing one.