bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Role of Potential COVID-19 Immune System Associated Genes and the
Potential Pathways Linkage with Type-2 Diabetes
Authors: Mobashir Mohammad , Helmi Nawal , Alammari Dalia
Published: August 2021

Background:

Coronavirus is an enclosed positive-sense RNA virus with club-like
spikes extending from its surface. It is most typically associated with acute respiratory infections in
humans, but its capacity to infect many host species and cause multiple illnesses makes it a complicated
pathogen. The frequent encounters between wild animals and humans are a typical cause
of infection. The zoonotic infections SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV are among the most common
causes of serious respiratory illnesses in humans.

Aim:

The main goal of this research was to look at gene expression profiles in human samples that
were either infected with coronavirus or were not, and compare the varied expression patterns and
their functional implications.

Methods:

The previously researched samples were acquired from a public database for this purpose,
and the study was conducted, which included gene expression analysis, pathway analysis,
and network-level comprehension. The results for differentially expressed genes, enriched pathways,
and networks for prospective genes and gene sets are presented in the analysis. In terms of
COVID-19 gene expression and its relationship to type 2 diabetes.

Results:

We see a lot of genes that have different gene expression patterns than normal for coronavirus
infection, but in terms of pathways, it appears that there are only a few sets of functions that
are affected by altered gene expression, and they are related to infection, inflammation, and the
immune system.

Conclusions:

Based on our study, we conclude that the potential genes which are affected due to
infection are NFKBIA, MYC, FOXO3, BIRC3, ICAM1, IL8, CXCL1/2/5, GADD45A, RELB,
SGK1, AREG, BBC3, DDIT3/4, EGR1, MTHFD2, and SESN2 and the functional changes are
mainly associated with these pathways: TNF, cytokine, NF-kB, TLR, TCR, BCR, Foxo, and TGF
signaling pathways are among them and there are additional pathways such as hippo signaling,
apoptosis, estrogen signaling, regulating pluropotency of stem cells, ErbB, Wnt, p53, cAMP,
MAPK, PI3K-AKT, oxidative phosphorylation, protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum, prolactin
signaling, adipocytokine, neurotrophine signaling, and longevity regulating pathways.
SMARCD3, PARL, GLIPR1, STAT2, PMAIP1, GP1BA, and TOX genes and PI3K-Akt, focal adhesion,
Foxo, phagosome, adrenergic, osteoclast differentiation, platelet activation, insulin, cytokine-
cytokine interaction, apoptosis, ECM, JAK-STAT, and oxytocin signaling appear as the linkage
between COVID-19 and Type-2 diabetes.
Nature-Derived Hit, Lead, and Drug-Like Small Molecules: Current Status
and Future Aspects Against Key Target Proteins of Coronaviruses
Authors: Junaid Md. , Akter Yeasmin , Siddika Aysha , Nayeem S. M. Abdul , Nahrin Afsana , Afrose Syeda Samira , Ezaj Md. Muzahid Ahmed , Alam Muhammad Shaiful
Published: August 2021

Background:

COVID-19 pandemic, the most unprecedented event of the year 2020, has
brought millions of scientists worldwide in a single platform to fight against it. Though several drugs
are now in the clinical trial, few vaccines are available on the market already, but the lack of an effect
of those is making the situation worse.

Aim of the study:

In this review, we demonstrated comprehensive data of natural antiviral products
showing activities against different proteins of Human Coronaviruses (HCoV) that are responsible for
its pathogenesis. Furthermore, we categorized the compounds into the hit, lead, and drug based on the
IC50/EC50 value, drug-likeness, and lead-likeness test to portray their potentiality to be a drug. We also
demonstrated the present status of our screened antiviral compounds with respect to clinical trials and
reported the lead compounds that can be promoted to clinical trial against COVID-19.

Methods:

A systematic search strategy was employed focusing on Natural Products (NPs) with proven
activity (in vitro, in vivo, or in silico) against human coronaviruses, in general, and data were gathered
from databases like PubMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar, SciVerse, and Scopus. Information
regarding clinical trials retrieved from the Clinical Trial Database.

Results:

Total "245" natural compounds were identified initially from the literature study. Among
them, Glycyrrhizin, Caffeic acid, Curcumin is in phase 3, and Tetrandrine, Cyclosporine, Tacrolimus,
Everolimus are in phase 4 clinical trial. Except for Glycyrrhizin, all compounds showed activity
against COVID-19.

Conclusions:

In summary, our demonstrated specific small molecules with lead and drug-like capabilities
clarified their position in the drug discovery pipeline and proposed future research against
COVID-19.
Recent Advances of using Personal Glucose Meter as a Biosensor Readout
for Non-glucose Targets
Authors: Zhang Songbai , Li Shuang , Yan Rixin , Zhou Zhiyun , Wu Yuting , Lu Yi
Published: August 2021

Background:

Personal Glucose Meter (PGM) has become the most successful biosensor
in past decades due to its advantages of small size, convenient operation, and low cost. To take
advantage of many years of research and development of PGMs, new signal transduction methods
have been developed to expand the PGM from simple monitoring of blood glucose to the detection
of numerous non-glucose targets.

Objectives:

This review summarizes recent advances of PGM-based biosensors for non-glucose
targets, including signal transduction, signal amplification, and target molecule recognition and
analysis. Current challenges and future directions are also discussed.

Conclusion:

PGM can be used as a biosensor readout to detect various non-glucose targets from
metal ion, small molecules to protein and even living organisms such as bacteria and other pathogens
by using different signal transduction elements such as invertase and amylase, and different
signal amplification methods such as nanomaterials, nucleic acid reaction, liposome encapsulation,
hydrogel trapping, DNAzyme amplification and biotin-streptavidin reaction.
Stem Cell-based Treatment Strategies for Degenerative Diseases of the
Retina
Authors: Nair Deepthi S. Rajendran , Thomas Biju B.
Published: August 2021

Background:

The main cause of progressive vision impairment in retinal degenerative diseases is the dysfunction of photoreceptors and the underlying retinal pigment epithelial cells. The inadequate regenerative capacity of the neural retina and lack of established therapeutic options demand the development of clinical grade protocols to halt degenerative process in the eye or to replace the damaged cells by using stem cell derived products. Recently, stem cell-based regenerative therapies are at the forefront of clinical investigations for retinal dystrophies.

Objective:

This article will review different stem cell-based therapies currently employed for retinal degenerative diseases, recent clinical trials, and major challenges in the translation of these therapies from bench to bedside.

Methodology:

A systematic literature review was carried out to identify potentially relevant articles published in MEDLINE/PubMed, Embase, ClinicalTrials.gov, Drugs@FDA, European Medicines Agency, World Health Organization International Clinical Trials Registry Platform and CENTRAL

Result:

Transplantation of healthy cells to replace the damaged cells in the outer retina is a clinically relevant concept because the inner retina that communicates with the visual areas of the brain remains functional even after the photoreceptors are completely lost. Different methods have been established for the differentiation of pluripotent stem cells into different retinal cell types that can be used for therapies. Factors released from transplanted somatic stem cells showed trophic support and photoreceptor rescue during early stages of the disease. Several preclinical and phase I/II clinical studies using terminally differentiated photoreceptor/ retinal pigment epithelial cells derived from pluripotent stem cells have shown proof of concept for visual restoration in Age-related macular degeneration (AMD), Stargardt disease and Retinitis pigmentosa (RP).

Conclusion:

Cell replacement therapy has great potential for vision restoration. The results obtained from the initial clinical trials are encouraging and indicates its therapeutic benefits. The current status of the therapies suggests that there is a long way to go before these results can be applied to routine clinical practice. Input from the ongoing multicentre clinical trials will give a more refined idea for the future design of clinical- grade protocols to transplant GMP level HLA matched cells.
Structural Activity Relationship based Medicinal Perspectives of Pyrimidine
Derivatives as Anti-Alzheimer’s Agents: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Ahmed Bahar , Joseph Alex , Das Subham , Akbar Saleem , Dewangan Rikeshwar Prasad , Iqubal Ashif , Pottoo Faheem Hyder
Published: August 2021

:

Pyrimidine is an aromatic and heterocyclic organic compound containing a 6-membered
ring consisting of four carbon and two nitrogen atoms on alternative positions. Pyrimidine scaffolds
described their existence in the medicinal chemist’s cause for their synthesizing practicability
and nonpoisonous nature. However, the reason behind neurological disorders is still an open challenge
for scientific research and development organizations. Efficacy voids are widespread before
researchers, despite high throughput research in the field of anti-Alzheimer's drugs.Researchers
have constantly investigated all the probabilities for restraining the unwanted adverse effects of the
anti-Alzheimer’s agents and are focusing more extensively to rehabilitate neurological disorders.
The scientific literature on drug development has been an aspiration to medicinal chemists and
other researchers to facilitate further research. Therefore, this review emphasizes the structure-activity
relationship (SAR) based approach and the pharmacological advancements of pyrimidine
moiety in the new era of therapeutics as anti-Alzheimer’s agents.
Análisis predictivo de casos confirmados de la COVID-19 en el Perú basado en el modelo de regresión no lineal de Gompertz usando datos de casos fatales
Authors: Pérez Paredes Marina Gabriela Sadith , Huancachoque Mamani Leonid Abimael , Nolasco Pérez Irene Marivel
Published: August 2021

Este estudio tiene como objetivo evaluar el futuro de los casos confirmados de Covid-19 en el Perú, utilizando el modelo de regresión no lineal de Gompertz. Los datos utilizados están basados en los informes oficiales del Ministerio de Salud del Perú (MINSA). El valor acumulado de casos fatales fue sometido a un análisis interactivo por el método de mínimos cuadrados no lineales para proyectar el modelo. A partir de la derivada de primer orden del modelo predictivo fue obtenido la curva de casos fatales diarios. Usando la tasa de letalidad como proporción entre infectados y casos fatales, además del desfase promedio de días entre estos, fue posible estimar la curva epidémica. Por el momento, el modelo predictivo sugiere que el Perú estaría en un descenso lento de la curva epidémica, distanciandose del pico de contagios por día. Asimismo, se observó una tendencia de alcanzar unos 550 mil infectados y unos 19 mil fallecidos hasta fines del año 2020. Las predicciones de los modelos matemáticos pueden variar con la actualización periódica de datos, predicciones actualizadas serán publicadas en www.yupay-dynamic.com
Repercusiones en las madres de hijos con discapacidad
Authors: Hernández Martínez Laura , Prieto Silva Patricia , Muñoz Domínguez Miguel Omar
Published: August 2021

Having a child is an event that can represent many things: continuity, support for old age, company, among others. That child is expected to grow, develop, and one day be on his own. The importance of the mother in the first years of life will be fundamental. However, when this child has a disability, all this will be truncated, modifying the way of childbearing. Mothers fantasize about a child with normal characteristics and that image often never corresponds to reality. This disabled son will mobilize in the mothers their ghosts and fantasies about what they did wrong. This research shows 9 cases of mothers who had children with disabilities, congenital, acquired at the time of delivery and by accident and analyzes the repercussions that this event brought to the lives of mothers.
Desarrollo normativo y de política pública contra el abuso sexual infantil en Colombia
Authors: Ibarra Padilla Adelaida María , Lora Ramírez Ricardo Omar , Preciado Gómez Yolanda Cecilia
Published: August 2021

Sexual abuse against children and adolescents is a form of serious abuse that violates sexual freedom and human dignity and can cause physical and psychological harm to the victim. This article analyzes the regulatory development of the subject in Colombia and the public policy measures implemented in the country for its prevention and remedy. To achieve this goal, the instruments of Public International Law on these issues inserted in domestic law were studied. Likewise, the measures that are being implemented by the competent authorities such as the National Police and the Colombian Institute of Family Welfare (ICBF) are analyzed, as well as the work that educational establishments do on the subject. It is concluded that this problem requires an interdisciplinary and multidimensional approach. The study shows that the measures in force on the matter are mostly of a sanctioning and reparative nature, but few of a preventive nature. The prevention of this scourge requires mental health measures, sexual education, psychosocial support to families in extreme poverty and the articulated work between families, schools and the competent authorities.
Identifying and Responding to Health Misinformation on Reddit Dermatology Forums With Artificially Intelligent Bots Using Natural Language Processing: Design and Evaluation Study
Authors: Sager Monique A , Kashyap Aditya M , Tamminga Mila , Ravoori Sadhana , Callison-Burch Christopher , Lipoff Jules B
Published: August 2021

Background

Reddit, the fifth most popular website in the United States, boasts a large and engaged user base on its dermatology forums where users crowdsource free medical opinions. Unfortunately, much of the advice provided is unvalidated and could lead to the provision of inappropriate care. Initial testing has revealed that artificially intelligent bots can detect misinformation regarding tanning and essential oils on Reddit dermatology forums and may be able to produce responses to posts containing misinformation.

Objective

To analyze the ability of bots to find and respond to tanning and essential oil–related health misinformation on Reddit’s dermatology forums in a controlled test environment.

Methods

Using natural language processing techniques, we trained bots to target misinformation, using relevant keywords and to post prefabricated responses. By evaluating different model architectures across a held-out test set, we compared performances.

Results

Our models yielded data test accuracies ranging 95%-100%, with a Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers (BERT) fine-tuned model resulting in the highest level of test accuracy. Bots were then able to post corrective prefabricated responses to misinformation in a test environment.

Conclusions

Using a limited data set, bots accurately detected examples of health misinformation within Reddit dermatology forums. Given that these bots can then post prefabricated responses, this technique may allow for interception of misinformation. Providing correct information does not mean that users will be receptive or find such interventions persuasive. Further studies should investigate this strategy’s effectiveness to inform future deployment of bots as a technique in combating health misinformation.
Information Retrieval in an Infodemic: The Case of COVID-19 Publications
Authors: Teodoro Douglas , Ferdowsi Sohrab , Borissov Nikolay , Kashani Elham , Vicente Alvarez David , Copara Jenny , Gouareb Racha , Naderi Nona , Amini Poorya
Published: August 2021

Background

The COVID-19 global health crisis has led to an exponential surge in published scientific literature. In an attempt to tackle the pandemic, extremely large COVID-19–related corpora are being created, sometimes with inaccurate information, which is no longer at scale of human analyses.

Objective

In the context of searching for scientific evidence in the deluge of COVID-19–related literature, we present an information retrieval methodology for effective identification of relevant sources to answer biomedical queries posed using natural language.

Methods

Our multistage retrieval methodology combines probabilistic weighting models and reranking algorithms based on deep neural architectures to boost the ranking of relevant documents. Similarity of COVID-19 queries is compared to documents, and a series of postprocessing methods is applied to the initial ranking list to improve the match between the query and the biomedical information source and boost the position of relevant documents.

Results

The methodology was evaluated in the context of the TREC-COVID challenge, achieving competitive results with the top-ranking teams participating in the competition. Particularly, the combination of bag-of-words and deep neural language models significantly outperformed an Okapi Best Match 25–based baseline, retrieving on average, 83% of relevant documents in the top 20.

Conclusions

These results indicate that multistage retrieval supported by deep learning could enhance identification of literature for COVID-19–related questions posed using natural language.
Utilizing Internet Search Volume to Monitor Stages of Change in Vaccine Hesitancy during the COVID-19 Outbreaks: A Longitudinal Study (Preprint)
Authors: Lan Yu-Tung , Wu Shiow-Ing , Lin Yu-Hsuan
Published: August 2021

BACKGROUND

Real-time vaccine hesitancy surveillance is needed to better understand the changes in vaccination behaviors.

OBJECTIVE

To understand the association between COVID-19 outbreaks and population vaccine hesitancy and to monitor the dynamic changes in vaccination behaviors.

METHODS

We examined daily Internet search volume for vaccine in Taiwan from March 19 to May 25, 2021, when the start of the vaccination campaign and two waves of COVID-19 local outbreaks were included. We then investigated the association between the scales of local outbreaks and the number of days with significant increases in the search volume for vaccine.

RESULTS

During the small-scale outbreak, the search volume increased significantly for 7 out of 22 days with an average increase of 17.3% ± 10.7% from the expected search volume. During the large-scale outbreak, the search volume increased significantly for 14 out of 14 days, with an average increase of 58.4% ± 14.7%.

CONCLUSIONS

Taiwanese vaccine willingness was associated with the local outbreaks rather than the beginning of the vaccination campaign or the imported COVID-19 cases. Our findings supported the idea that when providing messages to encourage vaccination, it is more effective to address personal benefits rather than collective benefits.
The Rapid Development of Virtual Care Tools in Response to COVID-19: Case Studies in Three Australian Health Services (Preprint)
Authors: Gray Kathleen , Chapman Wendy , Khan Urooj R , Borda Ann , Budge Marc , Dutch Martin , Hart Graeme K , Gilbert Cecily , Wani Tafheem Ahmad
Published: August 2021

BACKGROUND

News of the impact of COVID-19 around the world delivered a brief opportunity for Australian health services to plan new ways of delivering care to large numbers of people while maintaining staff safety through greater physical separation. The rapid pivot to telemedicine and virtual care provided immediate and longer term benefits; however, such rapid-cycle development also created risks.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study was to understand the sociotechnical aspects of the rapid-cycle development of seven different COVID-19 virtual care tools, and to identify enablers, barriers, and risks at three health services in Victoria, Australia.

METHODS

A qualitative, embedded, multiple case study design was adopted. Researchers from three health services collaborated with university researchers who were independent from those health services to gather and analyze structured interview data from key people involved in either clinical or technical aspects of designing and deploying seven different virtual care tools.

RESULTS

The overall objectives of each health service reflected the international requirements for managing large numbers of patients safely but remotely and for protecting staff. However, the governance, digital maturity, and specific use cases at each institution shaped the methodology and specific outcomes required. Dependence on key individuals and their domain knowledge within an existing governance framework generally enabled rapid deployment, but sometimes posed barriers. Existing relationships with technical service developers enabled strong solutions, which in some cases were highly scalable. Conventional project methodologies such as steering committees, scope, budget control, tight functional specification, consumer engagement and codesign, universal accessibility, and postimplementation evaluation were ignored almost universally in this environment.

CONCLUSIONS

These three health services took a variety of approaches to the rapid-cycle development of virtual care tools to meet their urgent needs for triaging and remote monitoring during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic. Their experiences provided insights into many social and technical barriers and enablers to the development of virtual care tools. If these are addressed proactively, they will improve clinical governance and technical management of future virtual care. Some changes can be made within individual health services, while others entail health system policy reforms. Enhancing the environment for virtual care tool design and implementation now will yield returns not only during future health emergencies but also in many more routine care settings.
Questions to the Article: A Global Overview of COVID-19 Research in the Pediatric Field (Preprint)
Authors: WEI CHIEN , Chow Julie Chi , Chou Willy
Published: August 2021

UNSTRUCTURED

The article, published on 23 July 2021, is well-written and of interest, but remains several questions that are required for clarifications, such as (1) the static choropleth map of collaboration analysis between countries should be dynamically visualized and highlighted by top three countries on their publications and author collaboration characteristics; (2) the research achievements in authors, institutes, and countries should be quantified by author-weighted scheme considering author order in article bylines; and (3) keyword analysis was too simple to identify the difference in article types between countries. We downloaded 2,268 abstracts from the Pubmed database with a search string of (COVID-19[MeSH Major Topic]) AND (pediatrics[Affiliation]), similar to the mentioned study, and displayed (1) choropleth maps highlighted by the most productive and highly author-collaborated countries, and (2)forest plot to identify differences in article types between two countries. The medical subject headings(MeSH terms) were used to denote the article types in articles. We observed that (1) three top productive countries were the United States, Italy, and India; (2) three top countries collaborated the authors affiliated with the US were Canada, the United Kingdom, and Italy; and (3) only the MeSH term of epidemiology presents the difference in article types between the US and India when the top 10 most frequently occurred MeSH terms were compared. We produced the dashboard-type visualizations to provide valuable information for readers. The novel visual representations make data clear with a better understanding of bibliographic analysis. The methods used in this study are recommended for future studies, not just limited to the field of COVID-19 research.
Prunella vulgaris L. Potentiates Answer to the Emergence of Dreaded Antibiotic Resistance
Authors: Patel Jitendra K. , Joshi Chetan Kumar , Sharma Mukesh Kumar
Published: August 2021

Medicinal herbs that are in use for centuries to treat infections and other illnesses. Prunella vulgaris L. is traditionally used for its therapeutic attributes for the alleviation of various infectious diseases. The objective of this study on Prunella vulgaris was to reveal relevant pharmaceutical information to understand its beneficial medicinal uses for human beings. The methanolic and petroleum ether extracts after removal of the solvent under reduced pressure from the Prunella vulgaris plants were prepared and these extracts were analyzed in vitro for their activity against B. subtilis, E. coli, S. aureus and S. typhi (with ATCC numbers 6051, 25922, 23235 and 14028 respectively). Likewise, in vivo studies were conducted using the E. coli-induced peritonitis in laboratory rat models where the rats were given allopathic antibiotic ofloxacin and the results were compared with those rats who received plant extracts under controlled conditions. The results were analyzed for the efficacy of the plant extracts was compared with ofloxacin; the methanol extracts exhibited equally if not better results in clearing the pathogen from the system of animals. The petroleum ether extracts exhibited the least antimicrobial activity in comparison to those extracted in methanol isolates. In conclusion, the herbal extract demonstrated significant antibacterial activity both under in-vitro and in-vivo studies which is a major outcome of the study. During this study, all standards and norms were followed as per government animal authority.
El fraude contable y las variables de medición de los instrumentos financieros
Authors:   Corporación Universitaria Remington, Gómez-Ocampo Gabriel Antonio
Published: August 2021

Los instrumentos financieros son ampliamente demandados a nivel global dados sus altos niveles de rentabilidad, los cuales van asociados al apetito de riesgo por parte de los participantes del mercado bursátil. Sin embargo, a través de la historia se han presentado fuertes crisis financieras que han impactado diferentes economías alrededor del mundo, toda vez que algunas entidades, en complicidad con las firmas externas que ejercían actividades de control externo, modificaban las cifras contables afectando así la toma de decisiones por parte de los Stakeholders. Dentro de ese marco, es necesario caracterizar las variables del fraude en la medición de los instrumentos financieros e identificar aquellas opciones que aporten al control y prevención de ese tipo de situaciones, particularmente las normas internacionales de información financiera (NIIF) y las normas internacionales de aseguramiento de la información (NIA), especialmente cuando el mercado de derivados evoluciona a un ritmo más avanzando que el de los mismos entes de inspección y vigilancia, lo que conlleva exponenciales riesgos de estabilidad financiera de un país o una región. Se realizó un análisis detallado y crítico de las normas NIIF y NIA implementadas en Colombia dentro del marco normativo aplicable al sector financiero, articulado con la inspección de las cifras financieras de las cinco cooperativas financieras existentes en el país. Como resultado se logró establecer que las regulaciones son fuertes para el reconocimiento y medición de los instrumentos financieros en este tipo de empresas objeto de estudio, se cumple así con altos niveles de control y prevención de fraude. De igual forma, se sugieren otros modelos más avanzados de medición y proyección de este tipo de transacciones como son los modelos Black- Scholes, Montecarlo y el cálculo estocástico.
Conocimientos del impuesto a las actividades económicas en los funcionarios tributarios del municipio La Cañada de Urdaneta
Authors:   Corporación Universitaria Remington, Muñoz-Ruiz Jorge Armando , Amarís López Néstor Enrique ,   https://www.uniremington.edu.co//wp-content/uploads/libros-de-investigacion/Capital_contable_2020.pdf#page=99
Published: August 2021

En esta investigación se analizó la cultura tributaria de los funcionarios adscritos a la Dirección de Rentas del municipio La Cañada de Urdaneta según el nivel de conocimiento de estos sobre el impuesto a las actividades económicas (IAE). Este trabajo se fundamentó en los postulados teóricos de Armas y Colmenares (2009), Pombo (2009), Consejo Municipal (2016), Méndez (2004), Golía (2003) y Valdés (1996), entre otros trabajos. En este estudio, tipificado como descriptivo con una fase documental, los datos se recolectaron a través de la aplicación de una entrevista semiestructurada y el análisis de contenido. Como técnica para el análisis de los resultados se empleó el resumen lógico y la triangulación. Los hallazgos demostraron que, en términos generales, los funcionarios adscritos a la Dirección de Rentas tienen una referencia conceptual sobre el IAE, su objeto y alcance, sin embargo, durante la realización de la entrevista semiestructurada se evidenció que los mismos no utilizan un lenguaje técnico en materia tributaria e, incluso, se percibió que no dominan el contenido estricto de la ordenanza municipal que regula el IAE. Específicamente, al momento de conversar sobre los elementos del IAE y los procedimientos de fiscalización según la norma local, se constató la inconsistencia en el manejo del alcance normativo. Es importante resaltar que ello puede constituir una debilidad de la entidad territorial al momento de impulsar la cultura tributaria en los ciudadanos y repercutir negativamente en la obtención de los ingresos, por cuanto, para ello, la administración tributaria local debe estar blindada además de adelantar procesos divulgativos por parte de profesionales que tengan las competencias necesarias para servir de fundamento en la constitución de una cultura en la que ciudadanos y funcionarios estén consientes sobre los derechos y deberes tributarios que han adquirido con el Estado y la sociedad en general. Una adecuada cultura tributaria debe ser concebida como un sistema cuyos elementos fundantes son la base normativa, la formación de sus ciudadanos y, sobre todo, las competencias de sus funcionarios tributarios.
Necesidades de apoyo contable a venteros Ambulantes de la Ciudad de Medellín
Authors:   Corporación Universitaria Remington, Raga Perlaza Rubén Darío , Cartagena Mejía Guillermo León ,   Corporación Universitaria Remington, Quintero Quintero Jorge Alcides ,   Corporación Universitaria Remington, Pérez Romero Luis Alfonso ,   Universidad Autónoma de Guadalajara, México
Published: August 2021

Debido al crecimiento de los vendedores ambulantes en las calles de las principales ciudades de América Latina, bien sean regulados o no por el gobierno local, se realizó el presente proyecto de investigación con la participación directa del consultorio contable de la Corporación Universitaria Remington, para conocer la tipología de los vendedores del centro de la ciudad, bajo una metodología de investigación acción participativa, e identificar las necesidades en materia contable, manejo de registros de sus operaciones diarias, y de esta manera diseñar un plan de capacitación ad hoc, según su caracterización por sexo, edad, escolaridad, nivel socioeconómico, nivel de ventas, tipo de inmueble de venta, si están regulados o no por el gobierno local para ejercer como venteros de la calle, identificando los principales servicios contables que demandan en el día a día en la actividad como venteros ambulantes en las calles de la ciudad de Medellín durante los años 2016 al 2017. El objetivo principal de este proyecto fue diseñar un plan de capacitación para que en el corto plazo los venteros pudieran adquirir los conocimientos básicos en contabilidad en el ejercicio de su ocupación. Según los resultados obtenidos, se deduce la pertinencia de un plan de capacitaciones que les permita adquirir los fundamentos básicos en contabilidad para la gestión de sus negocios, el uso de formatos en Excel bajo una estructura contable básica, el empleo de términos de mayor uso en su ámbito y desarrollo como microempresarios, todo ello para el registro y seguimiento de cuentas contables.
Model for Converting PDF to Audio Format (Listen Your Book)
Authors: Singh Shailendra
Published: August 2021

The present paper has introduced an innovative and efficient technique that enables user to hear the contents of text images instead of reading through them. In the current world, there is a great increase in the utilization of digital technology and multiple methods are available for the people to capture images. such images may contain important textual content that the user may need to edit or store digitally. It merges the concept of Optical Character Recognition (OCR) and Text to Speech Synthesizer (TTS). This can be done using Optical Character Recognition with the use of Tesseract OCR Engine. OCR is a branch of AI that is used in applications to recognize text from scanned documents or images. The analyzed text can also be converted to audio format to help visually impaired people hear the content that they wish to know. Text-to-Speech conversion is a method that scans and reads alphabets and numbers that are in the image using OCR technique and convert it into voices. The aim is to study and compare the multiple methods used for STT conversions and to figure out the most efficient technique that can be adapted for the conversion processes. As a result, based on review study it is found that HMM is a statistical model which is most suitable for TTS conversions.
Comparative Study: Mental Health of Indian Citizens and Indians Overseas
Authors: Bal Sukhmani
Published: August 2021

India is becoming the leading nation of immigrant origin in. Every year many people emigrate from India to other countries. Immigration is not easy and comes with its own troubles and has a profound impact on mental health. The aim of the study was to compare the mental health of Indian citizens and Indians overseas (NRIs and POIs). Samples (N=100) were collected from people living in India, Canada and USA falling in the age group of 21-75years. Two self-rated scales Beck depression inventory and Zung self-rated anxiety scale was used to collect the data. The results show that a total of 23% of the samples were suffering from depression. 16% were dealing with mild mood disturbances, 2% with borderline clinical depression, 3% moderate depression, 1% severe depression and 1% extreme depression as self-rated depression and for anxiety the results show that 27% of the sample population were suffering from anxiety issues. 25% had minimal to moderate anxiety levels and 2% had marked to severe anxiety levels as self-rated anxiety. ANOVA analysis was used to compare the two groups it showed that over all there was no significant difference between the two groups. Although while comparing the population in age groups it was found 21-30year old Indian citizen mental health was better than Indians overseas. No significant difference was found in the age groups 330-50years and 50and above.
Automatic Detection of Temperature and Level of Oxygen
Authors: Dhanawade Parth
Published: August 2021

The design depicted shows the preventive measure that can be taken during the COVID-19 pandemic in the whole world. Sanitizers have become the most important things right now. By the new rules given by WHO, sanitization is needed to survive. The design gave the preventive solution for the problem stated. The design introduces automatic hand sanitizer and temperature sensing system and detects oxygen level of person. The temperature sensor on touch gives the body temperature of the person. All the data of person, such as oxy level and temperature get recorded and displayed on the screen.
Slope Stability Analysis of Highway Embankment with Different Height and Slope by Varying the Properties of Soil
Authors: Kale Prof. R. Y.
Published: August 2021

The analysis of slope stability has received wide attention nowdays because of its practical importance. To provide steepest slopes which are stable and safe, various investigation are ongoing. The main objective of the project is to analyze slope of embankment by calculating factor of safety. So that an appropriate side slope can be chosen and use for the construction of highway. For this, limit equilibrium analysis has been done using GEO5 software. Swedish circle method (Graphically) has been used to performed manually analysis. In the present study, data collected from the site which is located near Shivni Village, Ner-Yavatmal road. “The construction of Samruddhi Mahamarg” is being constructed at that site. It is having high embankment heights upto 9meter. The values of unit weight of soil(γ), angle of internal friction(ϕ), cross sectional details of embankment and side slope of embankment were taken from that site. In this study, embankment of different heights (3 to 9m) under different 8 slopes (i.e. 1:2, 1:1.75, 1:1.5, 1:1.25, 1:1, 1:0.83, 1:0.7, 1:0.58), different values of cohesion and friction angle were considered. The analysis has been performed on two different cases: Case I stands for single layer of soil and Case II stands for double layer of soil by varying the value of cohesion and angle of internal friction the changes occur in the value of factor of safety were checked by comparing both results obtained by manual method and by GEO5 software. From this investigation it is found that increasing the value of cohesion and angle of internal friction, the factor of safety against slope stability increases. And for a particular height of embankment factor of safety increases with increase in the flatness of slope. From these results, it is better to use C-ϕ soil rather than ϕ soil as it gives maximum FOS as compared to sandy soil. From the analysis of doubled layered soil, it has been concluded that condition 2(with both soil cohesive) found satisfactory better with respect to condition 1(when one soil cohesive and one soil sandy). By considering condition 2 (both soil cohesive), it has been found that the increment of 25 to 30% in the FOS of condition 1 takes place.
Real-Time Driver Drowsiness Detection and Alert System
Authors: Jose Jitha
Published: August 2021

Nowadays, road accidents have become really high and is causing severe physical injuries, deaths etc, mainly in India. India has become the highest in the world in case of road accidents, recording 53 road crashes per hour. Drowsy driving is one of the reasons for road accidents. Increasing road accidents due to drowsy driving indicate the need of system that detect the drowsiness of the driver and alert them at the correct time. “Researchers have attempted to determine driver drowsiness using the following measures: (1) vehicle-based measures; (2) behavioral measures and (3) physiological measures”[13]. Rate of using physiological measures to detect drowsiness is high; vehicle-based measures are affected by construction of the street, driving ability of the driver, type of vehicle etc; some methodologies use mental measures for which some anodes are put on the head and body. So here we have used much more feasible method. In this paper we discuss a method which is non-intrusive. In our proposed system, the main data we use to detect driver drowsiness is the eye conclusion proportion, its duration etc. Eyes opening and closing ratio reflects a person's mind status and attention and therefore, it can be potentially used to indicate driver fatigue levels[14]. We keep a value as the threshold value, if the eye conclusion proportion goes below the threshold value, then we alert the driver using a buzzer and provide tips to get rid of the drowsiness through an audio message. For continuously detecting the driver’s eye we use a camera. We also use an LED light to alert the co-passengers about the drowsiness of the driver.
Implementation of 32-BIT Pipelined ADC Using 90nm Analog CMOS Technology
Authors: Chauhan Sarita
Published: August 2021

After seeing the technological evolution, we have understood about the A/D converter that it is the meeting point of the analog to digital domains. As technology is being continuously scaled down, the transistor sizes have decreased drastically resulting in reduced area and power consumption in the digital domain. The successive approximation ADC is best suitable for low power applications with moderate speed and simple design. Here, the implementation of 32-bit pipelined analog-to-digital converter with the help of successive approximation register based Sub-ADC. The SAR ADC architectures are popular for achieving high energy efficiency and low power applications. But they suffer from resolution and speed limitation. To overcome the speed limitations of SAR ADC, we proposed the implementation of 90nm using CMOS technology of a low power, high speed pipelined analog-to-digital converter (ADC). The capacitive digital-to-analog converter (DAC), two stage CMOS comparator with output inverter of proposed ADC are lower than those of a conventional ADC. To achieve low power and to minimize the size of the input sampling capacitance in order to ease durability.
An Approach of Extended Kalman Filter in Cooperative Localization
Authors: Katiyar Akanksha
Published: August 2021

In this paper we explored the problem of localizing a mobile user within the range of a base station in 5G communication. For solving this problem we utilized Cooperative localization method over conventional localization technique to estimate the position of a mobile user. In cooperative localization we estimate position of the target user using Angle of Arrival(AOA), Time Difference of Arrival(TDOA) and Received Signal Strength(RSS) observations from nodes which are neighbour to target node and the base station. This estimation is done with the help of Extended Kalman Filter method.
Face Mask and Social Distancing Detection Using ML Technique
Authors: Alshifa S.
Published: August 2021

Detecting Mask and Social Distance is our main motive in this project.Face detection plays important roles in detecting face mask. Face detection means detecting or searching for a face in an image or video. For face and mask detection we use viola jones algorithm or Haar cascade algorithm using Open CV. For social distancing we use YOLO algorithm. We have created a system which detect the face and then, it will detect nose and mouth to confirm that the person wear mask or not.
Joint Watermarking for Image Reliability Control in Encrypted and Compressed Domains
Authors: Pund Miss. Ishwari
Published: August 2021

Sharing medical images can enormously help doctor in their day by day practice by permitting them to arrive at a symptomatic all the more rapidly. However, such images are sensitive and should be ensured. In this paper, propose the principal joint watermarking-encryption pressure conspire for the insurance of medical images. Its inventiveness is twofold. In a first time, it permits the admittance to watermarking-based security administrations from the scrambled and the compacted bitstreams without parsing them even part of the way. It gets conceivable to follow images and control their dependability from both the encoded and compacted spaces. In a second, it remains on the blend of spot replacement watermarking, JPEG-LS and the AES block figure in its CBC mode to make our plan. Tests directed on various medical images modalities (radiographic and retina pictures) show the ability of our framework to safely make accessible a message in both scrambled and compacted areas while limiting the contortion of the images.
Recognition of Masked Face Using Convolutional Neural Network Algorithm
Authors: K. M Sai Kiruthika
Published: August 2021

The covid -19 is an unparalleled crisis resulting in huge number of casualties security problem. So has to scale back the spread of corona virus, people often wear a mask to guard themselves. Indeed, during this challenging context, the matter of face recognition is usually like periocular recognition involving iris, pupil, sclera, upper and lower eyelids, eye folds, eye corners, skin texture, fine wrinkles, complexion, skin color, skin pores etc. In this paper, we propose a reliable method supported discard masked region and deep learning based features so as to deal with the matter of masked face recognition process. The primary step to discard the masked face region. Next, we apply deep learning algorithm to extract the simplest features from obtained regions (mostly eyes and forehead regions). This leads to good accuracy than the previous work for detecting the masked face.
Iot Based Home Appliance Control System Using Proteus Simulation Software and Blynk Server
Authors: Maity Siddhartha
Published: August 2021

Digital Technology has become an integral part of our lives today. Here IoT comes across as a technology which transforms the way we perceive our surroundings. IoT is considered to be a network of interconnected physical objects/things around us that communicate with each other over the Internet. These days, the need for efficient controlling of appliances to minimize power wastage is important as fossils and non-renewable sources of energy are plummeting. So, a smart home system has been developed to monitor and control home appliances remotely from anywhere. This has been executed on a virtual simulator namely Proteus where the hardware circuitry has been designed. Blynk app has been used to send the user’s command to the circuit through the local cloud server connected with Arduino and Bluetooth module. The basic home appliances like fan, light and room heater which cause unnecessary wastage of power due to turning on of lights during day time or high-speed fans in winter season can be avoided in this way. At the same time the ability to control our everyday appliances over the internet using IoT makes our lives easier, comfortable and tech savvy. Such a system can be used in a wide range of applications such as home automation, smart agriculture, smart industry.
Comparative Analysis of Distributed File Systems
Authors: Reddy Basireddy Ithihas
Published: August 2021

It has been observed that there has been a great interest in computing experiments which has been useful on shared nothing computers and commodity machines. We need multiple systems running in parallel working closely together towards the same goal. Frequently it has been experienced and observed that the distributed execution engine named MapReduce handles the primary input-output workload for such clusters. There are numerous distributed file systems around viz. NTFS,ReFS,FAT,FAT32 in windows and linux, we studied them and implemented a few distributed file systems. It has been studied that distributed file systems (DFS) work very well on many small files but some do not generate expected output on large files. We implemented benchmark testing algorithms in each distributed files systems for small and large files, and the analysis is been put forward in this paper. Even we came across the various implementation issues of various DFS, they have also been mentioned in this paper.