bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
HDAC inhibitors and decitabine are highly synergistic and associated with unique gene-expression and epigenetic profiles in models of DLBCL
Authors: Kalac Matko , Scotto Luigi , Marchi Enrica , Amengual Jennifer , Seshan Venkatraman E. , Bhagat Govind , Ulahannan Netha , Leshchenko Violetta V. , Temkin Alexis M. , Parekh Samir , Tycko Benjamin , O'Connor Owen A.
Published: July 2011

Interactions between histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACIs) and decitabine were investigated in models of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). A number of cell lines representing both germinal center B-like and activated B-cell like DLBCL, patient-derived tumor cells and a murine xenograft model were used to study the effects of HDACIs and decitabine in this system. All explored HDACIs in combination with decitabine produced a synergistic effect in growth inhibition and induction of apoptosis in DLBCL cells. This effect was time dependent, mediated via caspase-3 activation, and resulted in increased levels of acetylated histones. Synergy in inducing apoptosis was confirmed in patient-derived primary tumor cells treated with panobinostat and decitabine. Xenografting experiments confirmed the in vitro activity and tolerability of the combination. We analyzed the molecular basis for this synergistic effect by evaluating gene-expression and methylation patterns using microarrays, with validation by bisulfite sequencing. These analyses revealed differentially expressed genes and networks identified by each of the single treatment conditions and by the combination therapy to be unique with few overlapping genes. Among the genes uniquely altered by the combination of panobinostat and decitabine were VHL, TCEB1, WT1, and DIRAS3.
Development of a novel TaqMan-based real-time PCR assay for the detection of porcine boca-like virus (Pbo-likeV)
Authors: Li Bin , Xiao Shaobo , Ma Junjie , Liu Yanling , Mao Li , Wen Libin , Mao Aihua , Zhang Xuehan , Ni Yanxiu , Guo Rongli , Zhou Junming , Yu Zhengyu , Lv Lixin , Wang Xiaomin , Fang Liurong , Chen Huanchun , He Kongwang
Published: July 2011

The recently discovered porcine boca-like virus (Pbo-likeV) is a member of the Parvoviridae family, genus Bocavirus, and it is potentially associated with swine disease. Several studies have associated Pbo-likeV with postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome in pigs, but the full spectrum of clinical disease and the epidemiology of Pbo-likeV infection remain unclear. The availability of rapid and reliable molecular diagnostics would aid future studies of this novel virus. Thus, we developed a sensitive and specific TaqMan-based real-time PCR assay to target the Pbo-likeV NP1 gene. The assay reproducibly detected 20 copies of a recombinant DNA plasmid containing the NP1 gene, with a dynamic range of six orders of magnitude (102-107 copies). The assay did not cross-react with other animal viruses. Clinical evaluation found that Pbo-likeV was present in Chinese swine herds at a frequency of 44.2% (114/258). Higher infection rates were found in diseased pigs (56.1%, 101/180) compared with healthy pigs (16.7%, 13/78) (P < 0.05). Our assay for the diagnosis and quantification of Pbo-likeV was highly sensitive and specific, and should provide a reliable real-time tool for epidemiological and pathogenetic study of Pbo-likeV infection.
Of woods and webs: possible alternatives to the tree of life for studying genomic fluidity in E. coli
Authors: Beauregard-Racine Julie , Bicep Cédric , Schliep Klaus , Lopez Philippe , Lapointe François-Joseph , Bapteste Eric
Published: July 2011

Background

We introduce several forest-based and network-based methods for exploring microbial evolution, and apply them to the study of thousands of genes from 30 strains of E. coli. This case study illustrates how additional analyses could offer fast heuristic alternatives to standard tree of life (TOL) approaches.

Results

We use gene networks to identify genes with atypical modes of evolution, and genome networks to characterize the evolution of genetic partnerships between E. coli and mobile genetic elements. We develop a novel polychromatic quartet method to capture patterns of recombination within E. coli, to update the clanistic toolkit, and to search for the impact of lateral gene transfer and of pathogenicity on gene evolution in two large forests of trees bearing E. coli. We unravel high rates of lateral gene transfer involving E. coli (about 40% of the trees under study), and show that both core genes and shell genes of E. coli are affected by non-tree-like evolutionary processes. We show that pathogenic lifestyle impacted the structure of 30% of the gene trees, and that pathogenic strains are more likely to transfer genes with one another than with non-pathogenic strains. In addition, we propose five groups of genes as candidate mobile modules of pathogenicity. We also present strong evidence for recent lateral gene transfer between E. coli and mobile genetic elements.

Conclusions

Depending on which evolutionary questions biologists want to address (i.e. the identification of modules, genetic partnerships, recombination, lateral gene transfer, or genes with atypical evolutionary modes, etc.), forest-based and network-based methods are preferable to the reconstruction of a single tree, because they provide insights and produce hypotheses about the dynamics of genome evolution, rather than the relative branching order of species and lineages. Such a methodological pluralism - the use of woods and webs - is to be encouraged to analyse the evolutionary processes at play in microbial evolution.

This manuscript was reviewed by: Ford Doolittle, Tal Pupko, Richard Burian, James McInerney, Didier Raoult, and Yan Boucher
Microtubule-based localization of a synaptic calcium-signaling complex is required for left-right neuronal asymmetry in C. elegans
Authors: Chang Chieh , Hsieh Yi-Wen , Lesch Bluma J. , Bargmann Cornelia I. , Chuang Chiou-Fen
Published: July 2011

The axons of C. elegans left and right AWC olfactory neurons communicate at synapses through a calcium-signaling complex to regulate stochastic asymmetric cell identities called AWCON and AWCOFF. However, it is not known how the calcium-signaling complex, which consists of UNC-43/CaMKII, TIR-1/SARM adaptor protein and NSY-1/ASK1 MAPKKK, is localized to postsynaptic sites in the AWC axons for this lateral interaction. Here, we show that microtubule-based localization of the TIR-1 signaling complex to the synapses regulates AWC asymmetry. Similar to unc-43, tir-1 and nsy-1 loss-of-function mutants, specific disruption of microtubules in AWC by nocodazole generates two AWCON neurons. Reduced localization of UNC-43, TIR-1 and NSY-1 proteins in the AWC axons strongly correlates with the 2AWCON phenotype in nocodazole-treated animals. We identified kinesin motor unc-104/kif1a mutants for enhancement of the 2AWCON phenotype of a hypomorphic tir-1 mutant. Mutations in unc-104, like microtubule depolymerization, lead to a reduced level of UNC-43, TIR-1 and NSY-1 proteins in the AWC axons. In addition, dynamic transport of TIR-1 in the AWC axons is dependent on unc-104, the primary motor required for the transport of presynaptic vesicles. Furthermore, unc-104 acts non-cell autonomously in the AWCON neuron to regulate the AWCOFF identity. Together, these results suggest a model in which UNC-104 may transport some unknown presynaptic factor(s) in the future AWCON cell that non-cell autonomously control the trafficking of the TIR-1 signaling complex to postsynaptic regions of the AWC axons to regulate the AWCOFF identity.
SHOC1 and PTD form an XPF–ERCC1-like complex that is required for formation of class I crossovers
Authors: Macaisne Nicolas , Vignard Julien , Mercier Raphaël
Published: July 2011

Two distinct pathways for meiotic crossover formation coexist in most eukaryotes. The Arabidopsis SHOC1 protein is required for class I crossovers and shows sequence similarity with the XPF endonuclease family. Active XPF endonucleases form a heterodimer with ERCC1 proteins. Here, we show that PTD, an ERCC1-like protein, is required for class-I-interfering crossovers along with SHOC1, MSH4, MSH5, MER3 and MLH3. SHOC1 interacts with PTD in a two-hybrid assay, through its XPF-like nuclease–(HhH)2 domain. We propose that a XPF–ERCC1-like heterodimer, represented by SHOC1 and PTD in Arabidopsis, involving Zip2 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and C9orf84 in human, is required for formation of class I crossovers.
Simplified Newborn Screening Protocol for Lysosomal Storage Disorders
Authors: Metz Thomas F , Mechtler Thomas P , Orsini Joseph J , Martin Monica , Shushan Bori , Herman Joseph L , Ratschmann Rene , Item Chike B , Streubel Berthold , Herkner Kurt R , Kasper David C
Published: July 2011

BACKGROUND

Interest in lysosomal storage disorders, a collection of more than 40 inherited metabolic disorders, has increased because of new therapy options such as enzyme replacement, stem cell transplantation, and substrate reduction therapy. We developed a high-throughput protocol that simplifies analytical challenges such as complex sample preparation and potential interference from excess residual substrate associated with previously reported assays.

METHODS

After overnight incubation (16–20 h) of dried blood spots with a cassette of substrates and deuterated internal standards, we used a TLX-2 system to quantify 6 lysosomal enzyme activities for Fabry, Gaucher, Niemann-Pick A/B, Pompe, Krabbe, and mucopolysaccharidosis I disease. This multiplexed, multidimensional ultra-HPLC–tandem mass spectrometry assay included Cyclone P Turbo Flow and Hypersil Gold C8 columns. The method did not require offline sample preparation such as liquid–liquid and solid-phase extraction, or hazardous reagents such as ethyl acetate.

RESULTS

Obviating the offline sample preparation steps led to substantial savings in analytical time (approximately 70%) and reagent costs (approximately 50%). In a pilot study, lysosomal enzyme activities of 8586 newborns were measured, including 51 positive controls, and the results demonstrated 100% diagnostic sensitivity and high specificity. The results for Krabbe disease were validated with parallel measurements by the New York State Screening Laboratory.

CONCLUSIONS

Turboflow online sample cleanup and the use of an additional analytical column enabled the implementation of lysosomal storage disorder testing in a nationwide screening program while keeping the total analysis time to <2 min per sample.
Discrepant Fluency in Self-Customization
Authors: Wilcox Keith , Song Sangyoung
Published: July 2011

This research demonstrates that during self-customization, consumers use their experiences from prior feature decisions to form expectations about subsequent decisions. When the difficulty experienced during decisions later in the process deviates from that which occurs earlier in the process, consumer preference is affected by the discrepancy between actual and expected difficulty. Specifically, the results show that when the difficulty experienced during feature decisions deviates from expectations, consumers may spend more or less money on product features as a result of discrepant fluency than when they perform the same task and the level of difficulty is expected. The results demonstrate that discrepant fluency effects are not limited to sequential decisions but can influence a single feature decision, which was accomplished by altering consumers’ expectations before the decision. These discrepant fluency effects emerge even when the attributes of the alternatives and the composition of the focal decision settings remain the same.
Response to Leap, Junge, Peterson and Provencher
Authors: Morrish Elizabeth
Published: July 2011

This article forms a response to the previous four articles which address homophobia and Leap’s notion of a homophobic formation. The article finds that although there are no formal properties which identify a homophobic text, there are several key properties which they share. They conform to many of the characteristics of hate speech in their appropriation of the naming process and imputation of metaphors of deviancy, there is an intention to defame and shame, and there is a clear tension with the discourse of civil rights. We argue that the purpose of the homophobic speech act can be derailed by discursive intervention, and (following Habermas), exposure of the non-validity of its claims.
Japanese women’s language use and regional language varieties
Authors: Didi-Ogren Holly H. K.
Published: July 2011

This paper addresses the paucity of research on women’s language use in regional Japan by investigating Iwate Dialect (ID) and Japanese Women’s Language (JWL) in face-to-face interactions among women in northeastern Japan. By bringing a consideration of region to bear on investigations of women’s language use in Japan, the aim is to contribute to work that breaks down essentialist categories of “the way Japanese women speak” to a more fruitful focus on the range of resources women employ in situated interactions. Analysis is based on ethnographic data and a close analysis of interactions, and focuses on speakers’ use of ID and JWL as devices for negotiating roles. Findings show ID is used by speakers in hesitating to take on a high-status role, and to mitigate direct challenges to claims made by other participants. JWL features are used when reiterating a point or disclaiming a role.
Application of High Performance Computing in Modeling Giant Fields of Saudi Arabia
Authors: Baddourah Majdi , Hayder M. Ehtesham , Habiballah Walid , Sindi Mohamad , Issa Khalid
Published: July 2011

High resolution reservoir modeling has been a valuable tool for reservoir simulations of the giant fields managed by Saudi Aramco; the world leader in high performance reservoir simulation studies utilizing state-of-the-art computer facilities. Three of its current computing clusters used for reservoir simulations are in the list of top 5001 computing platforms in the world. The computing center in Saudi Aramco currently hosts systems with computing power over 300 teraflops dedicated for reservoir simulation activities. This is complemented with over 750 terabytes of data storage. POWERS2, the Saudi Aramco in-house developed parallel simulator, is used for most simulation studies on these computing platforms. It has been ported to many parallel systems, such as the Thinking Machine, IBM Nighthawk, Linux clusters, Blue Gene, etc. The simulation environment is being continuously enhanced to support studies containing complex wells, coupled surface facility, etc. The algorithm complexity and memory contentions in the underlying software and hardware present challenges in efficient use of parallel computing platforms. In this paper we review various benchmark efforts conducted in Saudi Aramco to determine performance of the latest computational hardware and software tools for computations of large simulation models. We study strength and limitations of emerging architectures, such as graphics processing units (GPUs), to solve various important computation and communication intensive building blocks in POWERS.
"My First Humanoid Robot" An Experience worth Sharing with Freshmen and Sophomore
Authors: Adhikari Biikram
Published: July 2011

As the world around is becoming overwhelmed with sophisticated embedded gadgets and robots, it is indispensable to create enthusiasm among students about embedded systems and robotics in their early career. While embedded platforms are an attractive option to learn and implement new technologies, most freshmen and sophomore engineering students have not acquired sufficient skills to understand and use the complex development tools needed to program these platforms. Students need simpler and spontaneous environment to experiment with their creativity and apply basic engineering concepts. Sharing an experience of building a humanoid robot with LEGO Mindstorms NXT ®, this paper presents the LEGO Mindstorms Kit as a useful tool for freshman and sophomore students to learn robotics and embedded systems.Key Words: LEGO Mindstorms; Robotics; Embedded SystemsDOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jie.v8i1-2.5097Journal of the Institute of Engineering Vol. 8, No. 1&2, 2010/2011Page: 64-70Uploaded Date: 19 July, 2011
Vehicular Pollution in Katmandu Valley
Authors: Sapkota Ramchandra
Published: July 2011

This paper highlights the issue of vehicular pollution in the Kathmandu valley. Vehicular pollutants include CO, HC, NOx, Sox, lead and particulate matters which have damaging effects on both human health and ecology. Diesel-driven vehicles emit particulates that are very fine and a large proportion of them are less than 2.5 microns in size, which can penetrate deeper into our lungs. These pollutants are believed to affect the respiratory and cardiovascular systems. Uncontrolled growth of vehicle population, poor transportation infrastructure, traffic congestion, driving patterns and inefficient public transportation systems are major factors in increasing vehicular pollution levels.Key words: Vehicular pollution; Vehicle population; Pollutants; Transportation infrastructure; PM2.5.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jie.v8i1-2.5106Journal of the Institute of EngineeringVol. 8, No. 1&2, 2010/2011Page: 149-152Uploaded Date: 20 July, 2011
Cross-Docking Operations for Supply Chain Logistics in JIT Production and Distribution Systems
Authors: Thapa Gyan Bahadur , Dhamala Tanka Nath , Pant Shankar Raj
Published: July 2011

The multi-level production problem is one of the challenging research areas in supply chain management. We present brief literature review and mathematical models of multi-level just-in-time sequencing problem with a view of cross-docking approach for supply chain logistics. Describing cross-docking operations, we propose a mathematical model for the cross-docking supply chain logistics problem to minimize the operation time as truck sequencing problem. We establish a proposition as the synthesis of the production and logistics.Key Words: Just-in-time; Supply chain; Logistics; Cross-dock; Operation timeDOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jie.v8i1-2.5114Journal of the Institute of Engineering Vol. 8, No. 1&2, 2010/2011Page: 219-230Uploaded Date: 20 July, 2011
Mysteries of Eigenvalues, Eigenvectors & their Applications in the Diagonalization of a Matrix & in the Cayley-Hamilton Theorem to Find the Matrix Inverse
Authors: Baral Kamalmani
Published: July 2011

In this paper we deal with eigenvalues and eigenvectors (E-values & E-vectors) in diagonalizating a square matrix and in the Cayley-Hamilton theorem used to find the inverse of a given square matrix.Key Words: Mysteries of Eigenvalues; Diagonalization of a Matrix; square matrixDOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jie.v8i1-2.5116Journal of the Institute of Engineering Vol. 8, No. 1&2, 2010/2011Page: 237-242Uploaded Date: 20 July, 2011
Need-Based English for Science and Technology: A Study in Relation to Engineering
Authors: Khanal R. N
Published: July 2011

Engineering is one of the major fields of applied science without which no country can move forward in the present global context. The teaching/learning of engineering in Nepal is not possible without English at present. The present paper attempts to highlight the relevance of English language for teaching/learning engineering in Nepal, It also attempts to indicate the relevance of the language for engineers to work in their respective fields. The focus of the paper is to suggest planners and teachers to select the need-based English, for the specific engineering purposes in the present world of specialization.Key words: Applied Science; Teaching learning of engineeringDOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jie.v8i1-2.5127Journal of the Institute of Engineering Vol. 8, No. 1&2, 2010/2011Page: 311-314Uploaded Date: 20 July, 2011
Hope Maintenance in People Living Long‐term with HIV/AIDS
Authors: Cutcliffe John R. , Zinck Kirk
Published: July 2011

Background: The introduction of antiviral agents, most particularly ‘highly active antiretroviral therapy’ (HAART), has changed the very nature of the care for persons with HIV and/or AIDS, from preparing patients to die to assisting patients with living with a chronic illness. Despite this dramatic turnaround in prognosis, the limited literature available indicates that these individuals often do not have a high degree of hope for the future. Accordingly, this study seeks to explain how hope might be inspired and maintained in people living long‐term with HIV/AIDS (the so‐called ‘Lazarus Syndrome’). Design: The study used a modified Glaserian grounded theory method and was conducted in the United States of America. A total of 10 participants were selected by means of theoretical sampling. Methods: The study adhered to the principal features of Glaserian Grounded Theory, namely: (a) theory generation, not theory verification; (b) theoretical sampling; (c) the constant comparative method of data analysis; and (d) theoretical sensitivity (searching for/discovering the core variable, one which identifies the key psychosocial process and contains temporal dimensions or stages). Further, the authors ensured that the study was concerned with generating conceptual theory, not conceptual description. Findings/conclusion: The findings indicate that the key psychosocial problem (i.e. the maintenance of hope) is addressed through the core variable, ‘Turning from death to life: finding new meaning’. This parsimonious theory describes and explains a four‐stage process of hope maintenance consisting of the subcore variables: ‘Losing the Ontological Self’, ‘Turning from Death to Life’, ‘Finding Acceptance and Reconciliation’, and ‘Finding New Meaning’.
A Novel Pulsatile Bioreactor for Mechanical Stimulation of Tissue Engineered Cardiac Constructs
Authors: Hollweck Trixi , Akra Bassil , Häussler Simon , Überfuhr Peter , Schmitz Christoph , Pfeifer Stefan , Eblenkamp Markus , Wintermantel Erich , Eissner Günther
Published: July 2011

After myocardial infarction, the implantation of stem cell seeded scaffolds on the ischemic zone represents a promising strategy for restoration of heart function. However, mechanical integrity and functionality of tissue engineered constructs need to be determined prior to implantation. Therefore, in this study a novel pulsatile bioreactor mimicking the myocardial contraction was developed to analyze the behavior of mesenchymal stem cells derived from umbilical cord tissue (UCMSC) colonized on titanium-coated polytetrafluorethylene scaffolds to friction stress. The design of the bioreactor enables a simple handling and defined mechanical forces on three seeded scaffolds at physiological conditions. The compact system made of acrylic glass, Teflon®, silicone, and stainless steel allows the comparison of different media, cells and scaffolds. The bioreactor can be gas sterilized and actuated in a standard incubator. Macroscopic observations and pressure-measurements showed a uniformly sinusoidal pulsation, indicating that the bioreactor performed well. Preliminary experiments to determine the adherence rate and morphology of UCMSC after mechanical loadings showed an almost confluent cellular coating without damage on the cell surface. In summary, the bioreactor is an adequate tool for the mechanical stress of seeded scaffolds and offers dynamic stimuli for pre-conditioning of cardiac tissue engineered constructs in vitro.
Tests des modèles d'héritage : un inventaire critique
Authors: Masson André , Pestieau Pierre
Published: July 2011

Tests der Erbschaftsmodelle: eine kritische Bestandsaufnahme,

von André Masson, Pierre Pestieau.

Um den Grad der empirischen Gültigkeit der verschiedenen in der Wirtschaftsfachliteratur vorgeschlagenen Erbschaftsmodelle beurteilen zu können, wird in diesem Artikel eine Bestandsaufnahme der vorwiegend angelsächsischen Tests vorgenommen, denen diese im Laufe der letzten zwölf Jahre unterzogen worden sind. Nach einer Erfassung der verschiedenen Arten der benutzten Daten erhält man somit acht generelle Tests, mit denen sich bestimmte Gründe für die Übertragung ausschließen, dafür aber mehrere andere nicht differenzierbare Gründe ausmachen lassen, sowie neun spezielle Tests, mit denen eine genauere Beurteilung der Gültigkeit einer bestimmten Erbschaftsform angestrebt wird. Behandelt werden anschließend die Tragweite der erhaltenen Ergebnisse und die Gründe für die Schwierigkeit, zu eindeutigen Schlußfolgerungen zu gelangen: unvollständige Identifizierung der Modelle, Mangel an Daten...
La taxation des héritages et donations : éléments de comparaisons internationales
Authors: Laferrère Anne
Published: July 2011

Die Besteuerung der Erbschaften und Schenkungen: Elemente für einen internationalen Vergleich,

von Anne Laferrère.

Von Land zu Land gibt es große Unterschiede bei der Art der Übertragung des Vermögens von einer Generation zur nächsten. Das Konzept selbst des Eigentums kann, wie auch das Eherecht, die Rechte der Kinder und die Testierfreiheit, variieren. Daneben kann sich auch die Besteuerung der Erbschaften von der der Schenkungen unterscheiden, wobei die Unterschiede zum einen historisch bedingt und zum anderen auf das unterschiedliche Zivilrecht zurückzuführen sind. Mit Recht wird auf den Gegensatz zwischen einerseits den Vereinigten Staaten und Großbritannien und andererseits den Ländern mit römischer Rechtstradition hingewiesen. In den beiden ersten Ländern ist die Freiheit die Regel; die Schenkungen werden weniger besteuert als die Erbschaften, wobei hauptsächlich die Reicheren zur Zahlung von Steuern herangezogen werden. In Frankreich werden die Erben mit mittlerem Vermögen stärker besteuert, wenn auch diese Steuern wie überall nur einen geringen Teil des BIP ausmachen; Schenkungen und Erbschaften werden hier auf gleiche Weise besteuert. Der Artikel enthält ebenfalls Angaben über die Besteuerung in Deutschland und in Japan.
Choix technologiques et stratégies de dissuasion d'entrée
Authors: Adams William James , Crépon Bruno , Encaoua David
Published: July 2011

Decisiones tecnológicas y estrategias de disuasión de entrada,

por Willian James Adams, Bruno Crépon y David Encaoua.

Entre un conjunto de innovaciones, una empresa puede elegir la tecnología que le resuite más favorable para mantener su poder de mercado. En el presente artículo se expresa la hipótesis que la estructura de mercado es el resultado de una opción tecnológica. El modelo se présenta en forma de juego entre una empresa establecida en el mercado y un outsider potential. Estableciendo los nivelés del coste unitario mnimo y el tamaño eficaz, la empresa establecida en el mercado puede, en determinadas condiciones, disuadir a la empresa de la competencia para que no pénètre en su mercado.
Investissement, efficacité et coordination dans l'entreprise
Authors: Dos Santos Ferreira Rodolphe , Michel Philippe , Thépot Jacques
Published: July 2011

Investissement, efficacité et coordination dans l'entreprise,

par Rodolphe Dos Santos Ferreira, Philippe Michel, Jacques Thépot.

Un modèle d'investissement de l'entreprise permet de comparer deux types de comportement : l'un naïf, l'autre rationnel. Ils sont représentés par un jeu entre les services de planification et de prévision de l'entreprise : on a un équilibre de Nash dans le premier cas, un équilibre de Stackelberg dans le second. Le comportement naïf peut entraîner l'entreprise, selon ses anticipations optimistes ou pessimistes, dans une trajectoire inefficace de surinvestissement ou de désinvestissement excessif.
Substituabilité partielle des facteurs et efficacité-coût : l'exemple des transports urbain et vicinal belges
Authors: Delhausse Bernard , Perelman Sergio , Thiry Bernard
Published: July 2011

Substituabilité partielle des facteurs et efficacité-coût : l'exemple des transports urbain et vicinal belge,

par Bernard Delhausse, Sergio Perelman, Bernard Thiry.

Le but de l'article est de mesurer les niveaux d'efficacité d'entreprises de transport, urbain et interurbain, de passagers. Le modèle théorique permet de combiner des facteurs simultanément complémentaires et substituables. L'importance des liens de complémentarité entre certains facteurs de production apparaît. Les calculs des niveaux d'efficacité font ressortir l'amélioration des firmes concernées au fil du temps.
Une confrontation de trois modèles de mariage à partir de l'analyse des transferts ordonnés lors du divorce
Authors: Sofer Catherine , Sollogoub Michel
Published: July 2011

Comparación de tres modelos de matrimonio a partir del análisis de las transferencias ordenadas en el momento del divorcio,

por Catherine Sofer y Michel Sollogoub.

¿ Cuáles son los factores que determinan el importe de las transferencias ordenadas por los jueces en el momento del divorcio de una pareja ? La relación que puede existir entre las características de las personas en trámites de divorcio, las condiciones del divorcio y el importe de las transferencias ordenadas puede aclarar la imagen que los jueces, y a través de ellos la sociedad, tienen del matrimonio. En el presente artículo se analiza esta relación a partir de informaciones relativas a 1 681 divorcios pronunciados en 1986 en seis juzgados franceses, y a très modelos de matrimonio para los cuales se explicitan las consecuencias en relación con las transferencias en el momento del divorcio.
La prévision macro-économique : précision relative et consensus
Authors: Bouthevillain Karine
Published: July 2011

Prevision macroeconómica : precision relativa y consenso,

por Karine Bouthevillain.

En el presente artículo se estudia en primer lugar la precisión relativa de las previsiones referentes a variables francesas y extranjeras efectuadas por nueve organismos, y se confirman los principales resultados puestos de relieve por la literatura del género. Acto seguido, se comparan los resultados de los diversos organismos para determrnar su especif icidad eventual: ninguno parece regularmente más eficaz que los otros. Por último se examina el caso de la combinación de las previsiones y, por consiguiente, aquel del consenso.
Les transitions en économie. ; Les changements de prix en Russie dans les années vingt
Authors: Gouriéroux Christian , Peaucelle Irina
Published: July 2011

Les transitions en économie. Les changements de prix en Russie dans les années vingt,

par Christian Gouriéroux, Irina Peaucelle.

Entre 1921 et 1929, la Russie a connu deux types de transitions. Le premia survient avec la Nouvelle Politique Economique (NEP) et présente la transition d'une économie de guerre très centralisée vers une économie de marché. Le second est un développement inverse vers un contrôle de plus en plus strict de l'Etat exercé principalement au début à travers la politique des prix. Cet article consiste en une analyse descriptive des prix de détail et de gros, des prix industriels et agricoles et des prix de détail à Moscou, afin de déterminer entre eux certaines relations stables et de caractériser les transitions à travers celles-ci. La spécificité de ce travail provient de l'utilisation de données de l'Institut de conjoncture de Moscou, rarement utilisées, et du recours des méthodes peu usitées dans les études macro-économiques : moyenne mobile, lissage de courbes, présentation mobile de la variabilité et de la corrélation... utilisées ici en raison de la nature erratique des données.
Salaire d'efficience et coopération entre insiders et outsiders
Authors: Pucci Muriel
Published: July 2011

Salario de efïciencia y cooperación entre insiders y outsiders,

por Muriel Pucci.

Este artículo propone un nuevo fundamento a la relación de efïciencia que descansa en la distinción entre trabajadores en puesto (insiders) y postulantes (outsiders). Muestra que a la empresa le conviene proponer perfiles de salarios que crezcan con la antigüedad con el fin de incitar a los insiders, que han adquirido una cualificación específica, a capacitar a los que entran cuando el esfuerzo de formación individual es imperfectamente observable. Las condiciones en las cuales la capacitación interna con salario de efïciencia será escogida por la empresa se examinan suponiendo que puede, de manera alternativa, optar por una capacitación exterior de los trabajadores, o incluso utilizar ûnicamente trabajo no cualificado.
Le rôle de la mobilité du travail dans un modèle macro-économique de sous-emploi avec concurrence imparfaite, négociations salariales et anticipations rationnelles
Authors: Bénassy Jean-Pascal
Published: July 2011

El rol de la movilidad del trabajo en un modelo macroeconómico de subempleo con competencia imperfecta, negociaciones salariales y anticipaciones racionales,

por Jean-Pascal Bénassy.

En este artículo se estudia el roi de la movilidad del trabajo. Se calculan soluciones explicitas en equilibrio general, aún en el caso en que todas las empresas en la economía son diferentes, lo cual permite evaluar el impacto de los parámetros propios de cada firma sobre las variables endógenas. La influencia en los salarios de la productividad y del poder de négociación en cada empresa es radicalmente diferente según si hay inmovilidad o movilidad imperfecta de los trabajadores. Un poder de negociación demasiado elevado de todos los sindicatos puede ser nocivo para el conjunto de asalariados.
Le chômage comme équilibre de flux : les modèles d'appariement
Authors: Langot François , Lebon Isabelle
Published: July 2011

El paro como equilibrio de flujo : los modelos de emparejamiento,

por François Langot, Isabelle Lebon.

El incremento de la duración promedio del paro en los principales países europeos ha incitado a los economistas a desarrollar modelos dinámicos, en los que la duración del paro es endógena. El objetivo de este artículo es el de mostrar cómo un estudio en términos de flujo en el mercado del trabajo permite analizar la persistencia del paro. Esta modelización da un fundamento microeconómico a las curvas de Beveridge y de Phillips, y demuestra su complementariedad en el anóáisis de la dinámica del paro. Este enfoque del mercado del trabajo puede integrarse en trabajos que demuestran la existencia de equilibrios múltiples o que aclaran la relación entre crecimiento y paro.
Décorations murales de Nîmes romaine
Authors: Sabrié Maryse , Sabrié Raymond
Published: July 2011

Cet article présente un bilan provisoire et constitue une première approche de la peinture d'époque romaine à Nîmes. Basé sur l'étude de trouvailles anciennes et de découvertes récentes datées par les fouilles, il donne un aperçu du décor mural au cours des deux premiers siècles de notre ère.

Le site dit « les Jardins de l'Empereur » a livré une peinture de la seconde génération du IIe style provincial, que la datation directe situe au plus tard au début du Ier siècle. Elle présente des architectures fictives avec des panneaux rouge cinabre, diverses imitations de marbre et de minces consoles en esse. La période du IIIe style est représentée par des fragments du fonds ancien du Musée. L'influence de la mode provinciale apparaît dans les candélabres à ombelles ornés de rinceaux. Le système à panneaux hérité du IVe style se manifeste dans des versions assez simples faisant appel aux bordures ajourées ou aux candélabres. Occupé dans l'Antiquité par un quartier populaire, le terrain dit « Propriété Solignac » a fourni un ensemble de décors modestes de la première moitié du IIe s. La décoration la plus élégante provient d'une riche maison de la rue Pasteur. Exécutée vers le milieu du IIe siècle, période de splendeur pour la ville de Nîmes, cette peinture reflète les modes venues de la métropole. On y retrouve certains poncifs issus du répertoire de l'époque augustéenne.
Notes de numismatique narbonnaise V. Les as d'Octave à la proue émis à Narbonne en 40 av. J.-C
Authors: Amandry Michel , Barrandon Jean-Noël , Richard Jean-Claude Michel
Published: July 2011

The discovery of a small deposit of coins in one of the horreum galeries in Narbonne rises to a discussion of the coins minted in 40 B.C. by Octavian. The catalogue of known spécimens and the distribution map of find spots indicate how important this issue was and show that it was struck in the provincial capital. This series of asses with prow thus belongs to the republican Roman bronze coinage issued in the third quarter of the lst century B.C.
Un cadastre romain de Narbonnaise occidentale
Authors: Pérez A.-N.
Published: July 2011

La mise en évidence d'une structure cadastrale romaine unique s'étendant de l'Aquitaine à Narbonne soulève bien des questions, entre autres celle de l'interprétation historique d'une entreprise d'arpentage agraire qui englobe des territoires juridiquement différents. L'éventuelle extension à la frange orientale de l'Aquitaine d'un tel système tend à accréditer l'hypothèse d'un cadastre inter-provincial dont l'origine serait dès lors impériale. Au-delà de ses implications techniques ou morphologiques, la reconnaissance d'un tel réseau, le plus vaste recensé en Gaule à ce jour, contribuera peut-être à apporter quelques éléments de réflexion quant aux modalités de l'implantation cadastrale post-républicaine dans les provinces, lesquelles nous échappent encore quelque peu.
Les mosaïques de Gilly (Savoie)
Authors: Lavagne Henri
Published: July 2011

L'ensemble des mosaïques de la villa gallo-romaine de Gilly-sur-Isère constitue un exemple remarquable du développement précoce de l'art musival en Narbonnaise sous le Haut-Empire. Les pavements à décor géométrique noir et blanc témoignent de l'influence des ateliers de l'Italie du Nord, notamment de la région de Turin. Le style des motifs de remplissage et la simplicité des trames employées les font placer au début du n« siècle de notre ère. C'est un nouveau témoignage de l'importance des échanges commerciaux par les cols des Alpes.
Une inscription gallo-grecque sur céramique au Baou-Roux de Bouc-Bel-Air (B.-du-Rhône)
Authors: Boissinot Philippe , Bats Michel
Published: July 2011

The Baou-Roux oppidum near Marseilles, occupied at several stages of the Final Bronze Illb at the end of the 2nd century B.C., has yielded few written remnants. One of them, written on the neck of a jug in the 3rd quarter or the 2nd century is likely to represent the dedication of a Congennomaros to Aeiouita, a goddess linked with the expression of the vital strength.
Un trésor monétaire du IIIe s. ap. J.-C. découvert en 1883 à Cimiez (Nice)
Authors: Perez Florence
Published: July 2011

Découvert en 1883 à Cimiez (Nice), le « trésor de la Compagnie des Eaux » compte aujourd'hui 289 antoniniani conservés au Musée Archéologique de Cimiez.

Ce petit pécule comprend des monnaies émises de Gordien III à Salonin César; il aurait été constitué peu après 259; si la production de l'atelier monétaire romain est prépondérante, la majorité des ateliers ayant fonctionné pendant cette période est représentée.

En annexe, nous proposons un inventaire provisoire (d'après les publications, d'un niveau très inégal) des trésors antiques découverts dans les Alpes-Maritimes.
Les cadastres antiques de la cité de Béziers. Systèmes inédits et problèmes de chronologie
Authors: Pérez Antoine N.
Published: July 2011

When establishing a model for a geometric construction of Roman cadastrations, starting from one road (in this case the via Domitia), we were led to identify two centuriations never mentioned before, in the Béziers-Agde area. One of them, "Béziers E", in so far as orientation and metrology are concerned merges with the Greek cadastration of Agde, whose importance was overestimated by its discoverers. Therefore, besides the fact that the territory of the Chora of Agde is cut down to size, the underscoring of these two new cadastres — which increases up to six the number of ancient structures found in the Ager Baeterrensium — brings several new pieces of information on the following points:

— the birth and the forms of the materialization of a Roman cadastre;

— the relative chronology of the cadastral structures in the Languedoc;

— the types of relationships between Rome and Marseilles during the 1st century B.C. through the study of the lower part of the Hérault valley.

As a general rule, this article demonstrates the definite need of drawing up an exhaustive corpus of the ancient cadastres of the area, which is the only possible prerequisite in order to set up a global explaining scheme of the Roman colonial settlement in southern Gaul.
Nouvelles observations sur l'habitat gallo-romain à Vaison-la-Romaine (Vaucluse)
Authors: Bellet Michel-Edouard , Boccacino Catherine , Borgard Philippe , Bouillot Jocelyne
Published: July 2011

Researches recently carried out on three spots of the site of Vaison (La Villasse Nord, Propriété Perret and Pommerol), yielded more or less significant information (but pieces of information are especially interesting concerning the south of the Villasse area). Several stages were distinguished in La Villasse and in Pommerol. Among other results, the issue concerning the boundaries of the ancient town is emphasized more precisely, and an even town planning is attested as early as the Augustan epoch (houses were built with equal modules around courtyards).
Annexe 4 - « Immeubles de rapport » - Colline de Puymin
Authors: Bellet Michel-Edouard
Published: July 2011

Des recherches récentes sur trois points du site de Vaison (La Villasse-Nord, Propriété Perret et Pommerol) ont apporté des informations inégales (importantes notamment dans le cas de l'ilôt Sud de La Villasse). Plusieurs états ont été distingués à La Villasse et à Pommerol. Entre autres résultats, la question des limites de la ville antique est ainsi posée avec plus de précision et un plan d'urbanisme régulier est attesté dès l'époque d'Auguste (modules égaux, maisons à cours intérieures).
Nouvelles remarques sur les inscriptions rupestres de la voie de Coudoulous (Lozère)
Authors: Pauc René
Published: July 2011

La leçon de la 4e inscription (cf. R.A.N., 20, 1987, p. 410) est modifiée en VETVRIX ou VIITVRIX? Un nouveau nom de personne, abrégé, a été découvert LAET?
Le portique de Saint-Romain-en-Gal (Rhône) et son contexte. État des recherches
Authors: Savay-Guerraz Hugues , Prisset Jean-Luc
Published: July 2011

Sur le site de Saint-Romain-en-Gal, quartier de la colonie de Vienne sur la rive droite du Rhône (Ier s. avant J.-C.-me s. ap. J.-C), le tissu urbain est limité au sud par un grand portique perpendiculaire au fleuve, long de près de 200 m. Découvert à la fin des années 1960, il appartient à un ensemble plus vaste, qui comprenait en particulier deux bâtiments de thermes publics (dont les thermes du Palais du Miroir) disposés autour d'une aire centrale d'une superficie de 5 ha. Les nouvelles recherches conduites depuis 1981 ont précisé le plan et la chronologie d'une partie de cet ensemble. Ainsi, le portique a été édifié au milieu du Ier s. ap. J.-C. et constituait la limite d'une terrasse artificielle aménagée à cette époque. Les résultats des fouilles récentes et l'apport des études géomorphologiques permettent également de discuter la nature de l'aire centrale de ce monument, dont la création paraît étroitement liée au développement du quartier de la rive droite.
Balnéaire et cuisine. Une unité domestique sur une villa de la basse vallée de l'Arc : la Vautubière à Coudoux (Bouches-du-Rhône)
Authors: Bouet Alain
Published: July 2011

Researches carried out in a villa in La Vautubière at Coudoux (Bouches-du-Rhône) are in the continuity of diggings already started on the site of the Etang de Berre. These works allowed to bring to light baths combining two heated rooms. The heating room was later transformed into a kitchen, with a baking oven, working benches and a small hearth for cooking. Though the site had been occupied since the end of the first century B.C. until the seventh century A.D. the different stages of the building probably space out over the second half of the first century until the third century A.D. and were partially used again later (3rd or 5th century A.D. ?).
Nouvelles inscriptions de Murviel-lès-Montpellier (Hérault)
Authors: Richard Jean-Claude Michel , Gascou Jacques
Published: July 2011

Étude de nouvelles inscriptions de Murviel-lès-Montpellier : l'une, mentionnant un affranchi, Caius Messius Sulla, et conservée à Montpellier, figurait déjà au CIL, XII (n° 4202), mais n'avait pas été relue par O. Hirschfeld, et son origine exacte était inconnue. Grâce à une seconde inscription récemment découverte à Murviel et comportant le nom du patron de l'affranchi précité, Caius Messius Balbus, et offrant de notables ressemblances avec la précédente, on peut supposer qu'elle avait la même origine. La troisième inscription, trouvée aussi à Murviel et connue depuis le xvne siècle, fut considérée comme forgée par O. Hirschfeld et publiée parmi les falsae (CIL, XII, 272*). Grâce à sa redécouverte en 1933 et à la relecture (restée inédite) qui en fut faite alors et qui a pu être confirmée récemment, corrigeant le texte du CIL, il est possible d'établir avec certitude son authenticité.
Antoniniani rares ou inédits du trésor d'Avressieux (Savoie)
Authors: Laffin C. , Amandry Michel , Rémy Bernard , Estiot Sylviane , Hollard Dominique
Published: July 2011

C. Laffin, M. Amandry, B. Rémy, S. Estiot and D. Hollard. — Rare or never published before Antoniniani of the hoard of Avressieux (Savoie), Revue Archéologique de Narbonnaise, t. 25, 1992, p. 455-458.

The hoard of Avressieux (Savoie) is discovered in 1885, consisting in about 3500 to 5000 antoniniani ranging from Valerian to Probus. 542 specimens were examined at the Musée Savoisien of Chambery and studied by C. Laffin, whose work was supervised, at the University of Savoie, by B. Rémy and M. Amandry, assisted of D. Hollard and S. Estiot.

Previous to the publication of C. Laffin's catalogue, 5 coins are studied here (2 Postumus, 2 Claudius and 1 Aurelian), as they deserve a particular attention.
Convergence des recherches sur les cadastres, les parcellaires et les terroirs
Authors: Poupet Pierre
Published: July 2011

Développement inégal des recherches consacrées d'une part aux cadastres, d'autre part aux parcellaires et terroirs, intérêt encore trop faible pour «l'archéologie des paysages», existence des équipes aux prises de positions rigides : à partir de ces constatations, des 24 communications présentées à Lattes le 25 mars 1992, et d'un historique des recherches, l'auteur souhaite une mise en commun de toutes les données et de toutes les disciplines pour mieux évaluer les conséquences de la mise en place des cadastres et obtenir une vue plus complète de l'occupation et de la transformation des sols.
Limitations antiques et morphologie parcellaire dans le Lunellois (Hérault) : données de fouilles récentes
Authors: Favory François , Malvis Jean-Michel , Mercier Catherine , Raynaud Claude , Roger Karine
Published: July 2011

The plain of Lunel and Mauguio has been intensively prospected since 1986. The results of this investigation have allowed to obtain an archeological map listing, on the one hand more than 200 sites which have been identified as settlements, and on the other hand land manure spreading zones which were occupied during Antiquity and early Middle Ages.

Moreover, the work of the GdR 926 of Besançon established that several centuriations of Nîmes have marked the rural morphology of the region.

Excavations have been carried out on the site of the ancient village of Lunel Viel and on different sites discovered during the prospecting, such as the sites dating back to the late Antiquity and early Middle Ages in Dassargues and the one of the Lanes — Lunel — , the site of the Plantiers — Mudaison — or in the surroundings of the Via Domitia — Saturargues — . During these excavations, the team has succeeded in excavating and studying the remains of the parcels — dug limits, exploitation paths, walls of terrace — respecting the incline of one or another of the regional centuriations. Moreover these excavations have revealed other agricultural installations such as transplantation zones, storage zones with dolium or silos, cultivation ditches dug in the carbonated layer of the soil.
Le cadastre colonial d'Orange
Authors: Assénat Martine
Published: July 2011

In Orange, a new Roman centuriation, previous to the "B" cadaster and therefore of the Augustean Age is established. This centuriation — "Orange E" — seems to be directly linked to the colonial foundation of the city, under Octavian. While developing this topic, a new light is shed on the succession of two centuriationes within a very short time, as this was shown for other cities of the Gallia Narbonensis.