bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cluster synchronization in finite/fixed time for semi-Markovian switching T-S fuzzy complex dynamical networks with discontinuous dynamic nodes
Authors: Zhang Zhengqi , Wu Huaiqin
Published: April 2022

In this paper, cluster synchronization in finite/fixed time for semi-Markovian switching complex dynamical networks (CDNs) with discontinuous dynamic nodes is studied. Firstly, the global fixed-time convergence principle of nonlinear systems with semi-Markovian switching is developed. Secondly, the novel state-feedback controllers, which include discontinuous factors and integral terms, are designed to achieve the global stochastic finite/fixed-time cluster synchronization. In the framework of Filippov stochastic differential inclusion, the Lyapunov-Krasovskii functional approach, Takagi-Sugeno(T-S) fuzzy theory, stochastic analysis theory, and inequality analysis techniques are applied, and the global stochastic finite/fixed time synchronization conditions are proposed in the form of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs). Moreover, the upper bound of the stochastic settling time is explicitly proposed. In addition, the correlations among the obtained results are interpreted analytically. Finally, two numerical examples are given to illustrate the correctness of the theoretical results.
Association of vitamin D and severity of COVID-19 in children
Authors: Karimian Pegah , Tahami Motahareh Sadat , Sayyahfar Shirin , Aghajani Delavar Motahare
Published: April 2022

Vitamin has a major role in the functions of the immune system, and the efficacy of this vitamin in reducing inflammation has been identified. Considering the effects of vitamin D, this study research was performed for investigating the relationship between vitamin D and the severity of COVID-19 in children. This cross-sectional study was performed on 101 children infected with the new coronavirus from September 2020 to October 2021. Information on vitamin D levels, demographic factors, and clinical and laboratory findings were documented in information forms and prepared for statistical analyses. The average of children was 2.85 ± 0.85 years. Low oxygen saturation was observed in 35.3% of infected children. The level of involvement was higher in subjects with vitamin D levels higher than 30 and less than 10 ng/ml (p = 0.04). Clinical signs in cases with deficient and sufficient vitamin D levels were more severe in terms of tachypnea and tachycardia (p = 0.01). Children with vitamin D lower than 10 ng/ml showed more frequency (p = 0.02). Cases with moderate vitamin D had fewer gastrointestinal complications (p = 0.03). Also, oxygen levels were lower in children who had low levels of vitamin D (p = 0.02). Vitamin D levels were associated with levels of involvement, tachycardia, tachypnea, clinical signs, gastrointestinal problems, and O2 levels. Moderate vitamin D levels in children are a critical issue that should be considered.
Some Recent Developments in the Neurobiology of Consciousness
Authors: Berlucchi G.
Published: April 2022

Consciousness is an ill-defined philosophical and psychological concept which has been traditionally eschewed by biology and by the neurosciences in particular. The difficulty to identify objective behavioral criteria for consciousness, the diffidence against introspection as a reliable means of scientific knowledge, and the separation between conscious and unconscious processes as a threat to the concept of the unity of the living organism are all factors that have acted as deterrents to a biological approach to consciousness. [...]
Placental Expression of Vasoactive Agents and Tissue Factor in Pre-Eclamptic and Clyocosporine Treated Kidney Transplant Mothers
Authors: Resta L. , Di Paolo S. , Monno R. , Stallone G. , Grandaliano G. , Schena A. , Greco P. , Selvaggi L. , Schena F. P. , Gesualdo L.
Published: April 2022

We studied the Endothelin-1 (ET-1)/Nitric Oxide Synthase (NOS) balance system,which is one of the most important systems in the regulation of the blood flow in several organs, in the placenta and in the decidua in normal and pre-eclamptic women. Since cyclosporine (CsA) has the potential to affect fetal growth and maternal state, through the modulation of ET-1 and NO synthesis,we compared these data with those obtained from transplanted women. Eleven CsAtreated female kidney transplant recipients (Tx), without fetal growth restriction and/or PE, and 12 PE, non transplanted,women were recruited. Fourteen normal pregnancies served as controls. Placental expression of ET-1 was evaluated by in situ hybridization,NO synthase (NOS) by NADPH-diaphorase staining and in situ hybridization. Both PE and Tx showed a marked reduction of NADPH-diaphorase staining, as weIl as of endothelial constitutive NOS (ecNOS) mRNA, in the syncytiotrophoblast layer of all villi, whereas the expression of inducible NOS was unchanged.Normal placenta showed a strong positive signal of ET-1 along the endothelium of utero-placental arteries within the basal plate which was markedly increased only in the decidua of Tx.Thus,Tx patients showed the mean relevant alteration of ET-1/ecNOS balance, in spite of the Iack of any alteration of fetal growth and maternal renal function.We further explored the state of activation of placental endothelial cells, evaluating Tissue Factor (TF) gene expression.TF was strikingly increased only in PE patients,where it is localized in the endothelial cells, as weII as in the cytotrophoblast invading the basal decidua. The modification of ET-1/ecNOS vasoactive balance, as elicited by CsA, is unable to account for the major features of the preeclamptic state. In the same patients we compared the preceding results with the uterine and umbilical Doppler velocimetry.We found that all Tx patients showed normal umbilical artery blood flow velocimetry, all but one displayed a normal pattern of uterine artery waveforms.Our studies witness that the ET-1/NOS balance is unable to lead to the modifications of Doppler impedance in the umbilical and uterine arteries.
Biological Bases of the Aggressive Behaviour - Studies on Man
Authors: Ernandes M. , La Guardia M. , Giammanco M. , Tabacchi G. , Giammanco S.
Published: April 2022

Several recent researchers have shown that aggression increase in man is positively correlated with a decrease in serotonergic tone, as previous researches had shown in non-human primates (increase in intraspecific competition). Neuronal synthesis of serotonin depends on the plasma “trp/Large Neutral Amino Acids” ratio, because of competition made by LNAAs against tryptophan for neuron access, since they use the same carrier to cross the blood-brain barrier. “Trp/LNAAs” ratio value, in turn, tends to be correlated with amino acid composition of the diet: so a low “trp/LNAAs” ratio diet lowers brain serotonin synthesis.Among cereals utilised for human feeding,maize has a very low “trp/LNAAs” value, and this may lead to a brain serotonin deficiency. It has been observed that countries above the median in maize consumption have significantly higher homicide rates than countries below the median.Maize was firstly and largely utilised by Native American peoples. Particularly, Aztecs may constitute a reference pattern of serotonin deficiency due to alimentary causes. Neuro-behavioural after-effects of dietary low “trp/LNAAs” values are thinkable for some African or European peoples, today or in the past.We think that a low dietary “trp/LNAAs” value might constitute a favourable background for the setting of fanatical ideologies, and a risk factor towards violence or intolerance on the occasion of conflicts caused by various motives.
Quality of the Natural Ecosystem and Environmental Control
Authors: Rampa P.L.
Published: April 2022

The function of European and Italian Environmental Protection Agencies is to support territorial planners and political decision-makers so that each strategic choice considers the necessity to protect and improve environmental conditions. The Regional Agency for Environmental Protection (ARPA) of Piedmont was established in 1997 with the complete transfer of eight Public Health Laboratories. [...]
The Importance of Anthropology and Paleopathology in the Study of Congenital Malformations: Problems in Interpreting Archaeological-Anthropological Specimens
Authors: Boano R. , Fulcheri E. , Rabino Massa E.
Published: April 2022

Congenital malformations are very important in foetal- neonatal and paediatric pathology.Today, the results of accurate morphological investigations must be closely related to genetic information and extensive biological databases, especially in view of changes in environmental and population conditions. In addition,multidisciplinary collaboration is increasingly required in medical and biological research in order to monitor and limit the malformations. [...]
Analysis of the Y Chromosome in the Population of a Mountain Village, Postua
Authors: Marin A. , Di Gaetano C. , Sella G. , Rabino Massa E.
Published: April 2022

Postua is a small village (around 500 inhabitants) in the Sessera Valley, province of Vercelli, on the slopes of the Biellese pre-Alps.The name Postua derives from the Latin post, in the sense of the last settlement of the foothills. Its geographical position, far from the main byways of the area, has led to a certain isolation of the community. Postua was settled in ancient times, presumably in the Celtic era, since the zone contained iron deposits.The first written documentation of the village’s existence dates to the Middle Ages: a document from 1279 refers to Postua and its forges.
A Step-up Approach for the Management of Infected Pancreatic Necrosis
Authors: Yao Jinwei , Liu Dachuan , Cao Feng
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Acute pancreatitis (AP) is an acute inflammation of the pancreas. Many of the mild AP and moderately severe AP (SAP) are self-limiting with a good prognosis, but the management of 15%-20% of SAP is very difficult and results in a mortality rate of 36%-50%. It poses a great challenge in clinical diagnosis and treatment. Infected pancreatic necrosis develops in approximately 20% to 30% of patients with AP, which is treated with the use of a step-up approach, with catheter drainage often delayed until the infected necrosis is encapsulated.
Effective rigid analytic trivializations for Drinfeld modules
Authors: Khaochim Chalinee , Papanikolas Matthew A.
Published: April 2022

We develop tools for constructing rigid analytic trivializations for Drinfeld modules as infinite products of Frobenius twists of matrices, from which we recover the rigid analytic trivialization given by Pellarin in terms of Anderson generating functions. One advantage is that these infinite products can be obtained from only a finite amount of initial calculation, and consequently we obtain new formulas for periods and quasi-periods, similar to the product expansion of the Carlitz period. We further link to results of Gekeler and Maurischat on the
$\infty $
-adic field generated by the period lattice.
Sensitization to inhaled and food allergens in children
Authors: Emelina Yu. N.
Published: April 2022

A retrospective analysis of the annual allergen sensitization detected during skin testing in children aged 3-17 years was performed. Significant positive data were more frequently (p 0.01) detected after testing for indoor (70.2%), food (72.7%) and pollen allergens (67.9%) compared to epidermal allergens (58.6%). Sensitization to house dust (43.6%) and library dust (25.7%), guinea pig hair (22.6%), cat hair (21.8%), horse dandruff (19.6%), sheep wool (16.8%), as well as pollen of trees (82.4%), meadow grasses (64.0%) and weeds (64.1%) was most common in group of inhaled allergens. Skin testing in the group of food allergens revealed that children were more sensitized to chicken eggs, fish, milk, chicken and wheat. Among food cereals, peak percentage of positive reactions was observed for wheat (9.9%) and barley groats (9.1%) compared to oatmeal (4.4%), rye flour (5.0%) and buckwheat (5.6%). While assessing the data in all allergen groups it was found that low positive reaction with 2-3 mm blister in diameter was most common. The frequency of detected positive data for all allergen groups varied markedly on different calendar months and also depended on allergen preparation batch. Intensity of reactions did not significantly differ in children with allergic diseases vs. those at risk of developing allergopathology.
Pathogenetic value of TP53 point mutations in adult acute myeloid leukemia patients
Authors: Vinogradov A. V. , Rezaykin A. V. , Litvinova D. V. , Loboda A. N. , Sazonov S. V. , Sergeev A. G.
Published: April 2022

The aim of the study was to assess pathogenetic significance of TP53 gene mutations in adult acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients. Clinical observation was carried out on 114 AML patients at the Sverdlovsk Regional Clinical Hospital No. 1 (Ekaterinburg), including 56 males and 58 females. The average age of subjects was 53.3±2.8 years. Morphologically, AML was previously verified in all cases at specialized laboratories by using standard cytological, cytochemical, immunophenotypic, histological and immunohistochemical methods. The study included the following variants of AML: M0 – 5, M1 – 9, M2 – 47, M2baso – 3, M2eo – 2, M3 – 8, M4 – 25, M4eo – 3, M5 – 3, M6 – 4, M7 – 1, acute myelofibrosis – 1, blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm – 2. Samples of peripheral blood and bone marrow aspirates from patients were examined. Exons 4-11 within the TP53 gene were tested for molecular damage by using sequencing method. In addition, 81 samples, including 22 AML with normal and 23 with an unspecified karyotype were examined for gene mutations by using molecular genetic and immunohistochemical methods. cDNA sequencing was carried out on automatic genetic analyzer in forward and reverse sequences. The sequencing results were processed by using the MEGA X software and statistical hypothesis that they may be described by a binomial distribution. The statistical hypothesis was tested by using Fisher’s exact test and χ2 test. According to the results of cytogenetic and PCR studies, a favorable prognosis was determined in 25 cases (21.9%), intermediate – 24 (21.1%) and unfavorable – in 33 (28.9%). No genetic abnormalities could be detected in 32 samples (28.1%) with standard cytogenetics and real-time PCR, and prognosis option for such patients was not specified. TP53 missense mutations were revealed as C292T, A377G, A659G, C817T transitions (4 cases) and C569G, G733T, G841C transversions (3 cases); synonymous A639G substitutions were also determined (1.8% ) and C891T (0.9%), in codon position 3, providing no pathogenetic significance. In one sample (0.9%), a deletion of thymidine at position 645 of the coding sequence was determined, leading to produced shortened mutant protein. All the above mutations were localized in the region of the DNA-binding domain. Also, in one case (0.9%), a tandem duplication of 19 nucleotides at position 960 of the coding sequence of the NLS domain protein located in acetylation site. Non-synonymous C215G transversion, which is a polymorphic gene variant, was determined in 94 samples (82.5%). Clinically, all TP53-positive AML were characterized by unfavorable prognosis and primary resistance to standard chemotherapy. The average age of such patients was 63.0±5.4 years, with average follow-up reaching up to 3.1±0.9 months.
ELISA-based comparative analysis of non-specific activity for cytokine-producing protein a gene-positive and negative Staphylococcus aureus strains
Authors: Fayzullina A. I. , Zurochka A. V.
Published: April 2022

Here we present the data on examining protein A-gene-positive and -negative Staphylococcus aureus daily broth culture supernaturants for production of cytokine-like substances to determine non-specific activity by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with specific kits (JSC “Vector-Best”, Novosibirsk; LLC “HEMA” (Moscow) to diagnose infections and hormone levels. We found no non-specific cross-activity in all test ELISA kits assessing various Staphylococcus aureus strain supernatants, producing cytokine-like substances identical to human ones, except for HBsAg kit. It may evidence about high specificity for remaining test kits examined and indirectly confirm an assumption that staphylococci are able to secrete proteins specifically reacting mainly with antibodies against human cytokines, and can cross-react with other antigens, but not with antibodies. Cytokine-like or nonspecific activity does not depend on presence or absence of the protein A in Staphylococcus strains examined by us.
Pharmacological assessment of immunotropic activity of new gel metabiotic on cellular and humoral immunity in experimentally modeled thermal skin burns
Authors: Zabokritskiy N. А.
Published: April 2022

Thermal skin burns were experimentally modeled in laboratory animals revealed immunotropic effects of new gel metabiotic consisting of complex biological active substances produced by Bacillus subtilis B-3679 strain as part of three gel transcutaneous bases: tizol, eftiderm and organosilicon glycerohydrogel on cellular and humoral immunity. The aim of the study was to evaluate immunotropic activity of a new gel metabiotic on cellular and humoral immunity in experimentally modeled thermal skin burns in 60 white laboratory Wistar rats, weighed 180-220 g, for metabiotic consisting of a complex biologically active substances produced by Bacillus subtilis B-3679 strain containng the three gel transcutaneous bases: tizol, ephtiderm and organosilicon glycerohydrogel (KTGG). Registered, standardized antimicrobial and wound-healing ointment levosin was used as a control. The experimental data obtained confirm the effectiveness of using the drugs studied for treatment of first and second degree thermal burns revealed by faster decreased area of affected area compared to experimental animals treated with levosin. While evaluating therapeutic effectiveness of experimental samples of metabiotic-based gel preparations, their influence on various parameters of cellular and humoral immunity in modeled thermal skin burn was examined. We assessed phagocytic activity of blood neutrophils and peritoneal macrophages, quantified T and B lymphocytes, as well as antibody-forming cells and immunoglobulins of various classes. It was found that in experimental animals reproducing models of traumatic skin injuries, there is an increase in the level of all the studied parameters of humoral immunity. Concentration of immunoglobulin M, circulating immune complexes and immunoglobulin E, as well as various cytokines, increased larger. The level of α-interferon and the receptor antagonist interleukin-1 was elevated. Thus, the study of the humoral status of experimental animals that received test metabiotic-based gel preparations in modeled thermal skin burns, allows to conclude that they significantly influenced various arms both cellular and humoral immunity. More marked effects were observed for metabiotic-based drugs containing tizol and KTGG. In general, based on the experimental data we can conclude that the relatively high therapeutic effectiveness of examined drugs in the treatment of thermal skin burn wounds in experimental animals, use of which provided earlier removal of necrotic masses, accelerated regeneration processes, and prevented development of secondary wound infection in burns.
Human placenta hydrolyzate affects neutrophils of systemic immunity during cosmetic procedures
Authors: Kudrevich Yu. V. , Kuznetsova E. K. , Shchipacheva O. V. , Dolgushin I. I. , Ziganshin O. R.
Published: April 2022

In cosmetology, various types of procedures acting via varying mechanisms are used, including those based on rather aggressive mode of action. Few evidences have been collected so far regarding an effect of such procedures on human skin and entire body. Aim: to determine response of neutrophil arm of systemic immunity to injected placental hydrolyzate, compare effectiveness and safety of cosmetic methods affecting quality of skin layers. There were enrolled 75 healthy women subdivided into three groups with 25 subjects in each group. Patients in Group 1 underwent a course of intramuscular injections with human placental hydrolysate; Group 2 – fractional photothermolysis of facial skin layers with erbium laser; Group 3 – fractional photothermolysis procedure pretreated with course of intramuscular injected human placental hydrolyzate. Samples of peripheral blood were collected from all patients for assessing baseline state of the immune system before interventions and on day 8, 14 and 24 after the onset. It was shown that level of neutrophil phagocytosis and neutrophil NBT-assay were most markedly changed after interventions. It was found that level of neutrophil phagocytosis and neutrophil NBT-assay were virtually decreased by 2-fold after fractional photothermolysis, but not in patients pre-treated with injected placental hydrolysate followed by fractional photothermolysis. Neutrophil phagocytosis and spontaneous neutrophil NBT-assay data in treated vs. baseline patients did not change, whereas level of induced NBT-assay was decreased, but to much lower extent compared to control group solely treated with fractional photothermolysis. Conclusions: introduction of placental hydrolyzate contributes to accelerated rehabilitation period after applying aggressive medical interventions, and prevents development of adverse events.
Immunophenotypical aspects of lung and spleen macrophages derived animals with the model of alloxan diabetes (type I) and their correction by sodium aminodigydrophtalazindione in vitro
Authors: Pozdina V. A. , Danilova I. G. , Abidov M. T.
Published: April 2022

Macrophages are found in all tissues and organs and display functional plasticity, which is necessary to maintain homeostasis, tissue regeneration and immunity. The macrophage phenotype is determined by microenvironment signals. Macrophages are traditionally classified into subsets- such as classically (M1) or alternatively (M2) activated macrophages. In the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus (T1DM), M1 macrophages contribute to damage to the islets of Langerhans, loss of β-cells, causing autophagy, which can result in development of persistent infection increasing the risk of death from influenza or pneumonia in patients with type 1 diabetes. Therefore, it seems Important to study functional response of resident macrophages in organs and tissues not targeted in development of diabetes mellitus, as well as in response to ADPH stimulation that showed modulatory effect on immunocompetent cells. In this study morphological and functional characteristics of macrophage cell cultures obtained from different sites in intact animal (IA) and modeled type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM1) were investigated. For this, we examined macrophage cell cultures isolated from rat liver and peritoneal cavity to be stimulated in vitro for 24 and 72 hours with a sodium aminodigydrophtalazindione. Cells, nucleus, cytoplasm area were measured and nuclear cytoplasmic ratio (NCR) were calculated. The phenotype was determined by surface expression of CD163 (M2-macrophages) and CD80 (M1-macrophages) receptors. Macrophage cytokine activity was determined by measuring IL-1α, IL-10 и TNFα level. ADPH effects on animal macrophages with DM1 after 24 h of exposure also led to a changedmorphometric parameters (decreased size of the nucleus and cells of the spleen macrophages, increased size of the nucleus of the alveolar macrophages, increased NCR in spleen macrophages) and production activity of the cells (increased levels of IL-1α and TNF α in almost all cell populations). After 72 h of cultivation, the levels of IL-1α and TNFα decreased in alveolar macrophages, splenic macrophages, whereas TNFα level was decreased, but IL-1α asmount was increased. The expression of surface cell markers for M1 and M2 phenotypes was also affected by ADPH so that CD163 expression was increased in stimulated alveolar macrophages isolated from animals with type 1 diabetes.
Generation of human myeloid suppressor cells in the in vitro experimental model
Authors: Timganova V. P. , Bochkova M. S. , Uzhviyuk S. V. , Shardina K. Yu. , Zamorina S. A. , Rayev M. B.
Published: April 2022

Myeloid suppressor cells (MDSCs) are a heterogeneous population of immature myeloid cells that generally differentiate into macrophages, granulocytes, and dendritic cells. However, in pathology, these cells acquire a suppressor phenotype, blocking immune response. In particular, MDSC levels increase in many pathological conditions, including inflammation, sepsis, traumatic shock, autoimmune diseases, cancer, and pregnancy. Over the past 12 years, an interest in examining this cell population has been steadily increased [PUBMED: 2008 (65 articles); 2020 ( 650 entries)] that will expand our understanding of immune system functioning. In humans, MDSCs are characterized by HLA-DR-CD33+CD11b+ phenotype, in turn being subdivided into CD15+ or CD66+ granulocytic (G-MDSC), CD14+ monocytic (M-MDSC), and early (e-MDSC) MDSC bearing HLA-DR-CD11b+CD33+CD14-CD66b- phenotype. This work was aimed to develop an adequate experimental model allowing to evaluate cytokine-driven differentiation of human MDSCs from peripheral blood mononuclear cells in long-term in vitro culture system. For this, peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated from healthy donors induced to express MDSC phenotype with GM-CSF and IL-6 (40 or 20 ng/ml) cultured for 7, 14, 21 days. In several experiments, LPS (100 ng/ml) was added to the cultured cells 24 hours before immunophenotyping. The percentage of living Zombie Aquanegative cells in cultures (gated on cells according to FSC/SSC) ranged from 90.5-93.9%. No significant differences were observed between cultured cells. In our experimental conditions, the mean percentage of total MDSC subpopulation reached 2-2.3% of total living cells, exceeding that one by 9-10-fold found in freshly isolated mononuclear cells from healthy subjects. Based on the results of our experimental study, we found that induction of e-MDSC derived from human peripheral blood mononuclear cells requires two weeks of co-culture with 40 ng/ml IL-6 and 40 ng/ml GM-CSF. “Mature” MDSCs (M-MDSC + G-MDSC) yield was peaked in the following conditions: co-culture for 3 weeks with 20 ng/ml IL-6 and 20 ng/ml GM-CSF added with 100 ng/ml LPS 24 hours before completing protocol. Overall, further examining factors modulating MDSC differentiation will reveal conditions necessary for generating this suppressor cell subset potentially used in clinical practice.
Endomorphin-1 affecting innate immune cells in vitro
Authors: Gein S. V. , Kadochnikova Ya. A.
Published: April 2022

Opioid peptides belong to one of most studied groups of regulatory peptides due to exerting extremely wide range of biological activities and play an important role in regulating homeostasis. The endogenous opioid system is involved in the functioning of diverse organs and systems, including the immune system. Currently, an immunomodulatory effect of the three major families of opioid peptides such as endorphins, enkephalins, dinorphins has been thoroughly described. Much less data are available about the endomorphin-related immunomodulatory effects. The aim of this work was to assess effects of endomorphin-1 on phagocytosis, production of reactive oxygen species and IL-1β by various subsets of peripheral blood innate immune cells in vitro. The leukocytes of obtained from peripheral venous blood of healthy volunteer donors aged 22 to 40 years were used in the study. Endomorphin-1 was used at concentrations of 10-6, 10-8, 10-10, 10-12 М. Blood leukocyte fraction was isolated from heparinized venous blood settled for 2 hours in a thermostat at 37 °С. The neutrophil fraction was isolated by centrifuging in of Ficoll-Urographin (ρ = 1.077) density gradient placing the upper layer of blood plasma with leukocytes. Assessment of leukocyte oxygen-dependent microbicidal activity was carried out by using the reaction of luminol-dependent chemiluminescence (LZHL) by using opsonized zymosan at concentration of 150 μg/ml; 10-5 M luminol was used to probe reaction magnitude. The separation of the mononuclear cell fraction was carried out by centrifuging in of Ficoll-Urographin (ρ = 1.077) density gradient. The monocyte fraction was isolated mechanically. To assess IL-1β production, mononuclear cells and monocytes were cultured for 24 hours followed by measuring its level with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. To evaluate monocytes and neutrophil phagocyte activity, FITC-labeled St.aureus uptake method was used. Statistical processing was performed with one-way ANOVA test and paired LSD criterion for post-hoc comparison, with significance set at p 0.05. It was found that endomorphin-1 reduced leukocyte spontaneous, but not induced production of reactive oxygen species. In the neutrophil fraction, endomorphin-1 did not affect spontaneous oxygen dependent microbicidity and reduced intensity of the respiratory burst in stimulated neutrophils. In addition, it increased the percentage of monocyte phagocytosis and enhanced spontaneous IL-1β production by mononuclear cells. Thus, endomorphin-1 exhibited multidirectional effects on various parameters of innate immunity. Being typical to other groups of regulatory peptides, modality of endomorphin-1 related effects depended on cell fraction and presence of a stimulating cues.
Efficiency of Polyoxidonium as a protector in acute toxic damage of the organism
Authors: Tуumentseva N. V. , Khramtsova Yu. S. , Artashyan O. S. , Yushkov B. G.
Published: April 2022

Insufficient effectiveness of therapeutic interventions used to treat toxic liver lesions leads to numerous complications. Liver damage is just one manifestation of multiple organ failure. Objective: to evaluate the possibility of using the Polyoxidonium as a protector in the acute period of poisoning with a toxic chemical agent.The studies were performed on 25 rats weighing 200-300 g. Acute toxic poisoning was modeled with hepatotoxic poison polyhexamethylene guanidine hydrochloride (PHMG). Polyoxidonium was injected once in a dose of 0,1 mg/kg intramuscularly through 2 days after the injection of PHMG. The animals were euthanized by diethyl ether overdose after 1 or 3 days to study the liver and peripheral blood. Through 1 day after the injection of PHMG acute polyorganic failure with predominant damage of the liver is developed in rats. An increase in AST levels with a decrease in alkaline phosphatase indicates hepatic cell failure. Granular dystrophy of hepatocytes is observed under the organ capsule. The number of liver cells increases per unit area (1 mm2). The cell size decreases due to cytoplasm. This phenomenon may be associated with the release of various substances from the cells due to damage to their membranes. Pancreatic dysfunction manifests itself in an increase in blood levels of glucose and amylase. An increase in the de Ritis coefficient indicates damage to the heart muscle. An increase in urea without a significant change in creatinine indicates kidney damage. An increase in the number of granulocytes in peripheral blood and ESR indicates the development of the inflammatory process in damaged tissues. Polyoxidonium has a protective effect on most organs examined. This is manifested in a decrease of degenerative changes in the liver and heart, a weakening of the inflammatory reaction and functional disorders of the pancreas. Polyoxidonium can be considered as a drug for detoxification therapy.
Body sensitization to various antigens in children with chronic hepatitis B and concomitant giardiasis
Authors: Nurmatova N. F. , Mirsalikhova N. Kh. , Asilbekova M. А. , Irsalieva F. Kh. , Dustbabaeva N. D. , Akhmedov J. Kh.
Published: April 2022

The aim of the study was to evaluate body sensitization by measuring antigen-binding lymphocytes specific to various antigens in children with chronic hepatitis B and intestinal giardiasis. The study of ASL was carried out in 126 children with CHB and 30 apparently healthy children aged 4 to 14 years. Among children with CHB, 93 had confirmed intestinal giardiasis (group I), and the remaining 33 were patients without lambliasis (group II). Sensitization and an autoimmune process were detected by assessing activity of specific immunity parameters such as ASL amount by indirect rosette formation against HBsAg, G. lamblia and intestinal tissue. We found that intensity of disease activity and ASL level against the examined antigens were paralleled evidencing about sensitization and autoimmune reactions related to giardiasis invasion in children with CHB. Depending on the duration of CHB with lamblial invasion ASL study data showed that prolonging disease duration resulted in lowered ASL to HBsAg peaking upon disease lasting up to 3 years. Apparently, it might be accounted for by body mobilization fighting against infection in general biological sense, and their further decline may occur due to host adaptation to increased antigenic load. The amount of ASL to the intestinal tissue was also somehow related with duration of the disease. The data obtained indicate increased self-sensitization along with increased duration of the disease. Similar data were obtained while studying amount of ASL to G. lamblia, thereby confirming a role of sensitization and self-sensitization in pathogenetic mechanisms of the developing CHB with giardial invasion especially during long-term course. Thus, the course of CHB with lambliasis invasion is accompanied by reaction of specific immune arm. Rise in amount of ASL to HBsAg, intestinal tissue and G. lamblia occurs along with deteriorating degree of disease activity and duration of hepatic disease suggesting about importance of sensitization and self-sensitization in pathogenesis of CHB development with giardiasis invasion, aggravating the course and outcome of the disease. The data reliability allows to conclude that giardiasis infection and prolongation of both hepatic pathological process and entire infectious process in children with CVH are directly interconnected. These data clearly underscore importance of timely eradication of G. lamblia upon liver damage. At the same time, administration of specific drugs (scheme) should be performed by taking into account its hepatotoxicity, bioavailability and effectiveness.
Personalized algorithm of immunocorrection with intravenous immunoglobulins for preventing and treating complications of burn disease by comprehensively analyzing immune status
Authors: Kozlova M. N. , Zemskov V. M. , Shishkina N. S. , Barsukov A. A. , Demidova V. S. , Alekseev A. A.
Published: April 2022

Intravenous immunoglobulin preparations with proven effectiveness are widely used for treatment of various immunodeficient, autoimmune, inflammatory and infectious diseases. Nevertheless, algorithms for use of immunoglobulin preparations to correct immune status in burn disease, prevention, etc. have not been developed yet. Here we present the results of a prospective controlled study with 70 patients assessing effectiveness of using immunoglobulin preparations for intravenous administration in complex treatment of subjects suffering from extensive burns. Expanded immunological examination (more than 300 studies) in this patient cohort at different stages of burn disease consisted of phenotyping lymphocytes, granulocytes, monocytes (constitutive and activation markers, cell functional activity), immunoglobulin level and phagocyte oxygen metabolism. Data analysis included significant parameters only. Patient selection for using intravenous immunoglobulins to prevent or treat septic complications was performed by using the previously proposed 95%-specificity sepsis prognosis formula: LF 9.3%, NK cells 5%, HLA-DR+ Mn 50%, IgG 4.0-6.0 g/l, LII 4.0 u, CD64+ Gy 90-100%, N/I NF 21%. Immunosuppressive therapy with drug “GabriglobinIgG” at a dose of 50 ml per day for preventing infection spread in patients with burns for 5 days as well as for treatment of sepsis for 10 days, exerted pronounced immunomodulatory effect compared to control groups not only restoring baseline IgG deficiency, but also normalizing quantitative deficit of key immune parameters such as total lymphocytes, B and T cells, natural killer cells, cytotoxic T lymphocytes. Use of gabriglobin for sepsis prevention was effective in 72% of cases (control group without gabriglobin – 37%), so that clinical and immunological effectiveness was as high as 79% (control group – 32%). At the same time, along with conventional immune indicators in heavily burned patients, immune markers previously underestimated were: CD56+ and CD25+ monocytes, CD14+ and CD40+ granulocytes, CD40+ lymphocytes (B cell subset), various effector and regulatory natural killer subsets. It allowed to obtain radically new information about immune system state, inflammation, and bacterial complications in heavily burned patients and apply a personalized approach for immunocorrection by using several intravenous immunoglobulin preparations for effective comprehensive treatment of burn injury-related consequences.
Formação de professores da Educação Básica no contexto da pandemia da Covid-19: as vulnerabilidades da Educação Especial
Authors: Lima Paulo Vinícius Pereira de , Sousa Luciane Alves Rodrigues de , Moreira Geraldo Eustáquio
Published: April 2022

A Covid-19 foi especificada como uma pandemia com grande poder de disseminação que agregou grandes obstáculos. No âmbito educacional, professores, gestores e a sociedade convivem com um verdadeiro impasse ocasionado pelo ensino remoto. Professores e estudantes foram desafiados a adentrar em um novo campo mediado por tecnologias necessitando de uma formação, sobretudo para os que atuam com a Educação Especial. Este trabalho visa analisar as concepções de professores que atuam no ensino remoto no que diz respeito ao seu trabalho com estudantes com Necessidades Educativas Específicas (NEE). Realizamos uma pesquisa por intermédio de um questionário com 174 professores de diferentes estados brasileiros a fim de compreender sua formação para atuar no contexto remoto com os estudantes da Educação Especial. Os resultados apontaram para a necessidade de formação dos professores que atuam com estudantes com Necessidades Educativas Específicas; repensar na formação continuada e que seja capaz de romper o olhar de incapacidade frente ao trabalho com estudantes com NEE, bem como repensar a educação inclusiva no contexto do ensino remoto de modo a incluir todos os estudantes
File Convert with Easy and Efficient Operation
Authors: Bhangale Nirali , Patil Khushbu , Sawdekar Vishakha , Malvi Ayushi
Published: April 2022

Converting files formats is become very important in today’s technical world, to use that file on particular platforms. Although, there exist a large number of software available today however most of them are failing to achieve accuracy and consistency while the platform which have the accuracy but they charge their users to use their platform. Researches, those involved heavily in format converter, needed a accurate, consistent and efficient software for these conversions. Therefore, here we propose a File ConvertEEO system, which contain a lot of formats in a single platform in which you want to convert your file. It also contains a feature of applying filters on doc file and then it can be converted into pdf format.
Always in my memory...
Authors:   Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Ayupov Shavkat
Published: April 2022

The article publishes memories of a mentor, an outstanding mathematician, academician Tashmukhamad Alievich Sarimsakov, who for many years conducted scientific activities at the Tashkent State University and was engaged in scientific development of “Theory of semi fields and its applications in probability theory”. He always supported new directions in science and gave his students the freedom to choose the direction of research, and then he himself connected to these studies, feeling their promise. At one time, the academician put forward the idea of creating a non-commutative analogue of semi fields for an axiomatic description of the algebra of random variables in non-commutative quantum probability theory. Sarimsakov also wrote several scientific monographs, one of them «Introduction to Quantum Probability Theory», which was highly appreciated by specialists. Several of his monographs and textbooks in the field of operator algebra were republished with additions, and he prepared a number of high-class specialists.
Media competence as an important factor in the development of information culture of young people
Authors:   Tashkent University of Information Technologies named after Muhammad al-Khwarizmi, Raximova Shakhnoza
Published: April 2022

in this article, media competence is considered as an important factor in the development of information culture of young people. In addition, the scientific views of scientists on the concept of media competence, the main elements of media competence, stages of development, information culture and the formation of media competence are highlighted.
Remembering the teacher
Authors:   Tashkent State University of Oriental Studies, Akhunjanov Erkin
Published: April 2022

In the article, the author recalls his mentor, an outstanding personality, our contemporary Aziz Pulatovich Kayumov, who played a big role in his life and destiny, as well as other researchers. In the course of joint work in various scientific areas, he, as the author of a study of the history of the book of Uzbekistan in the 20th century, recommended the creation of the necessary textbooks on Central Asia and Uzbekistan. Kayumov said that fate itself orders to study the 2.5 thousand-year history of the book culture of the Central Asian region and Kazakhstan. When in 1979 Aziz Pulatovich was appointed director of the Institute of Manuscripts of the Academy of Sciences, they continued to closely deal with the vast topic of recreating the history of writing, handwritten and first printed (lithographic) books, the art of the book, the history of book publishing, library, bibliographic, book trade of the last 25 centuries. Thus, the scientific monograph “History of the book in Turkestan. Antiquity. Middle Ages», which was published by the publishing house of the National Library of Uzbekistan
An Advanced Mobile Application Powered with Machine Learning to Provide Improved Healthcare Services
Authors:   College of Engineering, National University of Science and Technology, Muscat, Oman, Vijayalakshmi K. , Balushi Mohammed AL ,   University of Technology and Applied Sciences, Muscat, Oman
Published: April 2022

Healthcare mobile applications are widely accepted by the health care organizations and patients due to user friendliness, low cost, reliable etc. Mobile Applications powered by artificial intelligence for processing health data and analysis can save cost and time for the diagnosis and management of diseases and makes health care more effective and efficient. Across the world many are affected by diabetes and hypertension and most of them do not have enough information about their diseases to manage and control them. Selecting suitable food, booking appointments and managing blood pressure and diabetes are major issues in managing diabetes and blood pressure. So a mobile application is developed using Google flutter framework with firebase database. The application focuses on managing the appointments for all types of patients, and monitoring diabetes and blood pressure to control and manage their diseases. The application helps the patients to book their appointments based on the crowd level on the selected date and to make emergency calls. This also provides food recommendation for patients based on its nutrition score, fat, protein and carbohydrate. It will improve patient’s lifestyle by having an education source in their hands to avoid the complications of various diseases.
Efficacy of single dose dermatological 0.1% tacrolimus Ointment in the treatment of vernal keratoconjunctivitis
Authors: Sharjeel Muhammad , Iqbal Usama , Jabran Aamna , Mehmood Asif , Mohiuddin Memona
Published: April 2022

Objective: To assess the safety of dermatological 0.1% tacrolimus ointment when used topically and its efficacy in the treatment of vernal keratoconvinctivtis.
Method: The quasi-experimental, multi-centre study was conducted at the Gujranwala Medical College/District Headquarters Teaching Hospital, Gujranwala, and the Gomal Medial College/Mufti Mehmood Teaching Hospital, Dera Ismail Khan, Pakistan, from July 2019 to March 2020, and comprised patients of severe vernal keratoconvinctivtis. Symptoms and clinical signs were graded on a pre-devised scale. Patients were given small amount of tacrolimus 0.1% ointment applied to the inferior conjunctival fornix before going to bed. The duration of treatment was 3 months and the patients were followed up for up to 6 months. Data was analysed using SPSS 20.
Results: Of the 50 patients, 30(60%) were males and 20(40%) were females. The overall mean age was 10.64±3.199 years. Mean symptom score and clinical signs score gradually reduced on each follow-up (p<0.05). Mild recurrence was noted in 12(24%) patients who were managed with lubricants and anti-histamine topical drops. No complication was noted.
Conclusion: Tacrolimus 0.1% was found to be effective and safe in the treatment of severe refractory vernal keratoconvinctivtis even when given once a day.
Clinical Trial Registration: Chinese Clinical Trial Registry Id: ChiCTR2000031929 link: www.chictr.org.cn/hvshowproject.aspx?id=28053
Key Words: Allergic, Conjunctivitis, Tacrolimus, Topical administration, Anti-allergic agents, Dermatologic agents, Efficacy.
Effect of physical therapy treatment in infants treated for congenital muscular torticollis- a narrative review
Authors: Bashir Amna , Fareeha Amjad  , Ashfaq Ahmad  , Ayesha Arooj  , Syed Amir Gilani
Published: April 2022

Congenital muscular torticollis is a problem that arises at birth or immediately after birth in which the sternocleidomastoid muscle is shortened on the afflicted side, leading to an ipsilateral rotated of the head and a contralateral rotated of the face and jaw. To determine the effectiveness of physical therapy treatment in infants treated for congenital muscular torticollis, relevant articles published between 2011 and 2020 were located using electronic databases. A total of 9 studies out of 24 potentially relevant articles were reviewed. All studies were randomised controlled trials with 6-8 score on the Physiotherapy Evidence Database scale (Pedro scale) which showed high quality of methodology. The studies typically found significant statistical effects in the management of congenital muscular torticollis. Additionally, most of the studies reported increased adherence to exercise as another essential advantage. Conservative physical therapy management showed positive outcomes, and early physiotherapy referral showed significant reduction in treatment duration.
Key Words: Conservative management, Congenital muscular torticollis, Infants, Paediatric physiotherapy, Physical therapy.
Development of Banff Classification from 1991 to 2019 for identifying renal allograft rejection: a narrative review for nephrologists
Authors: Dhrolia Murtaza , Ahmad Aasim
Published: April 2022

Renal pathologists, nephrologists and transplant surgeons held a meeting in 1991 at Banff, Canada, and developed a classification scheme that standardised the international classification of renal allograft biopsies and called it the Banff Classification. Following the first meeting, 15 meetings were held, usually every two years, that revised the classification in the light of new evidence and techniques. The latest printed consensus was after the 2019 meeting in Pittsburgh in the United States of America. Several articles have been published in the last 30 years that have created ambiguities for nephrologists and have made things challenging for the expert pathologists. The current perspective review was planned to make it easy and clear for beginners and for practitioners how the Banff Classification has evolved since its inception.
Key Words: Development, Banff classification, Renal allograft rejection.