bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
TFvelo: gene regulation inspired RNA velocity estimation
Authors: Li Jiachen , Pan Xiaoyong , Yuan Ye , Shen Hong-Bin
Published: July 2023

RNA velocity is closely related with cell fate and is an important indicator for the prediction of cell states with elegant physical explanation derived from single-cell RNA-seq data. Most existing RNA velocity models aim to extract dynamics from the phase delay between unspliced and spliced mRNA for each individual gene. However, unspliced/spliced mRNA abundance may not provide sufficient signal for dynamic modeling, leading to poor fit in phase portraits. Motivated by the idea that RNA velocity could be driven by the transcriptional regulation, we propose TFvelo, which expands RNA velocity concept to various single-cell datasets without relying on splicing information, by introducing gene regulatory information. Our experiments on synthetic data and multiple scRNA-Seq datasets show that TFvelo can accurately fit genes dynamics on phase portraits, and effectively infer cell pseudo-time and trajectory from RNA abundance data. TFvelo opens a novel, robust and accurate avenue for modeling RNA velocity for single cell data.
Primary Healthcare Innovations in India: Synthesis from a systematic review
Authors: Chaudhuri Angela , Yellappa Vijayashree , Parikh Neha , Rao Ranjana N , Biswas Nilakshi , Agarwal Nandini , Cove Catherine , Nanda Bhumika
Published: July 2023

Primary healthcare (PHC) serves as the first point of contact for individuals seeking care. However, the PHC system in India faces significant systemic challenges compounded by multiple disease burdens the population faces. The Astana Declaration highlighted the importance of building a comprehensive and resilient healthcare system, focused on an individual rather than a disease. While Health and Wellness Centers (HWCs) are being developed towards universal health coverage (UHC) as a part of the Ayushman Bharat - Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojana (AB-PMJAY), several gaps still exist.

A systematic review was conducted following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The study involved developing a theoretical PHC framework, creating search strategies across databases (like MEDLINE, OVID, and CINAHL), and screening them. The review encompassed health innovations and included studies from 1990 to 2019. Relevant quantitative and geographically focused study designs were included, focusing on innovations that improve the efficiency, effectiveness, quality, sustainability, and economy of primary care services.

A total of 239 impact evaluations were included and analyzed. The majority of these evaluations were journal articles (237), with one report and one working paper. The impact evaluations primarily focused on single innovations, although there were also 10 multilayered studies and 7 studies with multiple arms. Out of the 239 innovations, 24 were randomized controlled trials (RCTs) conducted in controlled settings. The studies predominantly took place in rural communities (53%), followed by mixed urban-rural, urban, and tribal communities. Foundations were primary funders (35.6%), with community health worker-delivered interventions, digital service innovations, and supportive mentoring programs being the key supported interventions.

This systematic review offers valuable insights into the challenges and opportunities in India’s PHC system. The findings can inform policymakers, researchers, and healthcare stakeholders in improving primary healthcare delivery and addressing the evolving healthcare landscape in India.
The dominant role of post-transcriptional regulation inYarrowia lipolyticato repeated O2limitations
Authors: Kerssemakers Abraham Antonius Johannes , Funder Mariam Nickseresht , Øzmerih Süleyman , Sudarsan Suresh
Published: July 2023

Rational scale-up strategies to accelerate bioprocess development, require sound knowledge of cellular behaviour under industrial conditions. In this study, the strictly aerobic yeastYarrowia lipolyticais exposed to repeated oxygen limitations, approximated from a large-scale cultivation. A data-driven multi-omics strategy is deployed to elucidate its transcriptomic, proteomic, and metabolic response. Throughout a single perturbation, metabolite and protein levels showed dynamic profiles while they returned to steady state values when aerobic conditions were restored. After repeated oscillations, significant cellular rearrangements were found, with a special focus on central carbon metabolism, oxidative phosphorylation, lipid, and amino acid biosynthesis. Most notably, metabolite levels as well as the catabolic reduction charge are maintained at higher concentrations. Moreover, proteins involved in NADPH-consuming anabolic pathways showed an increased abundance, which is suggested to be compensated for through an increased pentose-phosphate pathway activity. Although dynamics were found on all three omics levels, the proteomic and metabolic changes were in most instances not supported by strong transcriptional changes. Thus, this work suggests that the response ofY. lipolyticato (repeated) oxygen oscillations is strongly regulated by post-transcriptional mechanisms. These findings provide novel insights into potential cellular regulation on an industrial scale, thereby facilitating a more efficient bioprocess development through mitigating any undesired behaviour.

Key points

- Dynamic response ofYarrowia lipolyticato industrial oxygen profiles.

- New metabolic steady states are found after exposure to repeated oxygen oscillations.

- A multi-omics strategy elucidates the importance of post-transcriptional mechanisms.
To hear or not to hear: How Selective Tidal Stream Transport Interferes with the Detectability of Migrating Silver Eels in a Tidal River
Authors: Merk Benedikt , Höhne Leander , Freese Marko , Marohn Lasse , Hanel Reinhold , Pohlmann Jan-Dag
Published: July 2023

Acoustic telemetry provides valuable insights into behavioural patterns of aquatic animals such as downstream migrating European eels (Anguilla anguilla). The behaviour of silver eels during the migration is known to be influenced by environmental factors, yet so is the performance of acoustic telemetry networks. This study focusses on quantifying the impact of these environmental factors on both, migration behaviour and receiver performance, in order to determine possible limiting conditions for detecting tagged eels in tidal riverine areas and estuaries. A dominance analysis of the selected models describing migration speed, activity and receiver performance was conducted following 234 silver eels that were tagged with acoustic transmitters and observed by a receiver network in the Ems River during two subsequent migration seasons. The results suggest a passive locomotion of silver eels during their downstream migration by taking advantage of selective tidal stream transport (STST) It is further shown that water temperature, salinity, turbidity, precipitation, and especially current velocity were major parameters influencing migration activity and speed. At the same time, analyses of the detection probability of tagged eels under varying environmental conditions indicated a decreased receiver performance during high current velocities, resulting in a coincidence of high migration activity and reduced detection probability. Correspondingly, there is a risk that particularly during phases of increased activity, due to limited telemetry performance, not all fish will be detected, resulting in an underestimation of migration activity. To avoid misleading interpretations and underestimates of migration numbers of eels and other migratory fish using STST, this study highlights the need to conduct range tests and adjust the receiver placement in areas and conditions of high current velocities.
Microstructural Properties of the Cerebellar Peduncles in Children with Developmental Language Disorder
Authors: Asaridou Salomi S. , Cler Gabriel J. , Wiedemann Anna , Krishnan Saloni , Smith Harriet J. , Willis Hanna E. , Healy Máiréad P. , Watkins Kate E.
Published: July 2023

Children with developmental language disorder (DLD) struggle to learn their native language for no apparent reason. While research on the neurobiological underpinnings of the disorder has focused on the role of cortico-striatal systems, little is known about the role of the cerebellum in DLD. Cortico-cerebellar circuits might be involved in the disorder as they contribute to complex sensorimotor skill learning, including the acquisition of spoken language. Here, we used diffusion-weighted imaging data from 77 typically developing and 54 children with DLD and performed probabilistic tractography to identify the cerebellum’s white matter tracts: the inferior, middle, and superior cerebellar peduncles. Children with DLD showed lower fractional anisotropy (FA) in the inferior cerebellar peduncles (ICP), fiber tracts that carry motor and sensory input via the inferior olive to the cerebellum. Lower FA in DLD was driven by lower axial diffusivity. Probing this further with more sophisticated modeling of diffusion data, we found higher orientation dispersion but no difference in neurite density in the ICP of DLD. Reduced FA is therefore unlikely to be reflecting microstructural differences in myelination in this tract, rather the organization of axons in these pathways is disrupted. ICP microstructure was not associated with language or motor coordination performance in our sample. We also found no differences in the middle and superior peduncles, the main pathways connecting the cerebellum with the cortex. To conclude, it is not cortico-cerebellar but atypical olivocerebellar white matter connections that characterize DLD and suggest the involvement of the olivocerebellar system in speech acquisition and development.
Sequential replacement of PSD95 subunits in postsynaptic supercomplexes is slowest in the cortex
Authors: Morris Katie , Bulovaite Edita , Kaizuka Takeshi , Schnorrenberg Sebastian , Adams Candace , Komiyama Noboru H. , Mendive-Tapia Lorena , Grant Seth G. N. , Horrocks Mathew H.
Published: July 2023

The concept that dimeric protein complexes in synapses can sequentially replace their subunits has been a cornerstone of Francis Crick’s 1984 hypothesis, explaining how long-term memories could be maintained in the face of short protein lifetimes. However, it is unknown whether the subunits of protein complexes that mediate memory are sequentially replaced in the brain and if this process is linked to protein lifetime. We address these issues by focusing on supercomplexes assembled by the abundant postsynaptic scaffolding protein PSD95, which plays a crucial role in memory. We used single-molecule detection, super-resolution microscopy and MINFLUX to probe the molecular composition of PSD95 supercomplexes in mice carrying genetically encoded HaloTags, eGFP and mEos2. We found a population of PSD95-containing supercomplexes comprised of two copies of PSD95, with a dominant 12.7 nm separation. Time-stamping of PSD95 subunitsin vivorevealed that each PSD95 subunit was sequentially replaced over days and weeks. Comparison of brain regions showed subunit replacement was slowest in the cortex, where PSD95 protein lifetime is longest. Our findings reveal that protein supercomplexes within the postsynaptic density can be maintained by gradual replacement of individual subunits providing a mechanism for stable maintenance of their organization. Moreover, we extend Crick’s model by suggesting that synapses with slow subunit replacement of protein supercomplexes and long protein lifetimes are specialized for long-term memory storage and that these synapses are highly enriched in superficial layers of the cortex where long-term memories are stored.
Kinetics and Mapping of Ca-driven Calmodulin conformations on Skeletal and Cardiac Muscle Ryanodine Receptors
Authors: Rebbeck Robyn T. , Svensson Bengt , Zhang Jingyan , Thomas David D. , Bers Donald M. , Cornea Razvan L.
Published: July 2023

Calmodulin (CaM) transduces [Ca2+] information regulating the rhythmic Ca2+cycling between the sarcoplasmic reticulum and cytoplasm during relaxation and contraction in cardiac and skeletal muscle. However, the structural dynamics by which CaM modulates the SR Ca2+release channel (ryanodine receptor, RyR) at physiologically relevant [Ca2+] is unknown. Using fluorescence lifetime detection of FRET between RyR-bound FKBP and CaM, we resolved different structural states of CaM and Ca-driven shifts in the conformation of CaM bound to RyR. We found that CaM becomes more compact in contracting high-Ca2+vs. relaxing low-Ca2+. Skeletal and cardiac RyR isoforms show different CaM-RyR conformations, and binding and structural kinetics reflect functional roles. Furthermore, our FRET methods provide insight representative of physiological CaM-RyR structure, in synergy and comparison with cryo-EM models, which result from more disrupted samples. This technology will drive future studies focusing on pathologic CaM-RyR interactions, and on RyR dynamics with other important modulators.
Clonal CD8 T cells in the leptomeninges are locally controlled and influence microglia in human neurodegeneration
Authors: Hobson Ryan , Levy Samuel H.S. , Flaherty Delaney , Xiao Harrison , Ciener Benjamin , Reddy Hasini , Singal Chitra , Teich Andrew F. , Shneider Neil A. , Bradshaw Elizabeth M. , Elyaman Wassim
Published: July 2023

Recent murine studies have highlighted a crucial role for the meninges in surveilling the central nervous system (CNS) and influencing CNS inflammation. However, how meningeal immunity is altered in human neurodegeneration and its potential effects on neuroinflammation is understudied. In the present study, we performed single-cell analysis of the transcriptomes and T cell receptor repertoire of 72,576 immune cells from 36 postmortem human brain and leptomeninges tissues from donors with neurodegenerative diseases including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Alzheimer’s disease, and Parkinson’s disease. We identified the meninges as an important site of antigen presentation and CD8 T cell activation and clonal expansion and found that T cell activation in the meninges is a requirement for infiltration into the CNS. We further found that natural killer cells have the potential to negatively regulate T cell activation locally in the meninges through direct killing and are one of many regulatory mechanisms that work to control excessive neuroinflammation.
Identification of a genetic region in linked to tolerance to MRSA infection using Collaborative Cross mice
Authors: Nagarajan Aravindh , Scoggin Kristin , Adams L. Garry , Threadgill David , Andrews-Polymenis Helene
Published: July 2023

Staphylococcus aureus(S. aureus) colonizes humans asymptomatically but can also cause opportunistic infections, ranging from mild skin infections to severe life-threatening conditions. Resistance and tolerance are two ways a host can survive an infection. Resistance is limiting the pathogen burden, while tolerance is limiting the health impact of a given pathogen burden. In previous work, we established that collaborative cross (CC) mouse line CC061 is highly susceptible to Methicillin-resistantS. aureusinfection (MRSA, USA300), while CC024 is tolerant. To identify host genes involved in tolerance afterS. aureusinfection, we crossed CC061 mice and CC024 mice to generate F1 and F2 populations. Survival after MRSA infection in the F1 and F2 generations was 65% and 45% and followed a complex dominant-recessive inheritance pattern. Colonization in F2 animals was more extreme than in their parents, suggesting successful segregation of genetic factors. We identified a QTL peak on chromosome 7 for survival and weight change after infection. In this QTL, the WSB allele was present in CC024 mice and contributed to their MRSA tolerant phenotype. Two genes,C5ar1andC5ar2, have high-impact variants in this region. The complement factor,C5a, is an anaphylatoxin that can trigger a massive immune response by binding to its receptors,C5ar1andC5ar2. We hypothesize thatC5amay have altered binding to variant receptors in CC024 mice, reducing damage caused by the cytokine storm and resulting in the ability to tolerate a higher pathogen burden and longer survival.

Importance

Staphylococcus aureuscauses a wide range of diseases in humans. Resistance and tolerance are two ways a host can survive an infection. Resistance is limiting the pathogen burden, while tolerance is limiting the health impact of a given pathogen burden. Tolerance mechanisms are poorly understood in context of host-pathogen interaction. To identify host genes involved in tolerance afterS. aureusinfection, we crossed CC061 mice and CC024 mice. The genetic factors controlling tolerance were well segregated in the F2 population. Using QTL mapping, we identified a significant peak on chromosome 7 for survival and weight change after infection. Two genes, C5ar1 and C5ar2, have high-impact variants in this region. We hypothesize that C5a may have altered binding to variant receptors in CC024 mice, reducing damage caused by the cytokine storm and resulting in the ability to tolerate a higher pathogen burden and longer survival.
Truncated protein isoforms generate diversity of protein localization and function in yeast
Authors: Higdon Andrea L. , Won Nathan H. , Brar Gloria A.
Published: July 2023

Genome-wide measurements of ribosome occupancy on mRNA transcripts have enabled global empirical identification of translated regions. These approaches have revealed an unexpected diversity of protein products, but high-confidence identification of new coding regions that entirely overlap annotated coding regions – including those that encode truncated protein isoforms – has remained challenging. Here, we develop a sensitive and robust algorithm focused on identifying N-terminally truncated proteins genome-wide, identifying 388 truncated protein isoforms, a more than 30-fold increase in the number known in budding yeast. We perform extensive experimental validation of these truncated proteins and define two general classes. The first set lack large portions of the annotated protein sequence and tend to be produced from a truncated transcript. We show two such cases, Yap5truncationand Pus1truncation, to have condition-specific regulation and functions that appear distinct from their respective annotated isoforms. The second set of N-terminally truncated proteins lack only a small region of the annotated protein and are less likely to be regulated by an alternative transcript isoform. Many localize to different subcellular compartments than their annotated counterpart, representing a common strategy for achieving dual localization of otherwise functionally identical proteins.
Role of trafficking protein particle complex 2 in medaka development
Authors: Zappa Francesca , Intartaglia Daniela , Guarino Andrea M. , De Cegli Rossella , Wilson Cathal , Salierno Francesco G. , Polishchuk Elena , Sorrentino Nicolina Cristina , Conte Ivan , De Matteis Maria Antonietta
Published: July 2023

The skeletal dysplasia spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia tarda (SEDT) is caused by mutations in theTRAPPC2gene, which encodes Sedlin, a component of the trafficking protein particle (TRAPP) complex that we have shown previously to be required for the export of type II collagen (Col2) from the endoplasmic reticulum. No vertebrate model for SEDT has been generated thus far. To address this gap, we generated a Sedlin knockout animal by mutating the orthologousTRAPPC2gene (olSedl) ofOryzias latipes(medaka) fish.OlSedldeficiency leads to embryonic defects, short size, diminished skeletal ossification, and altered Col2 production and secretion, resembling human defects observed in SEDT patients. Moreover, SEDT knock-out animals display photoreceptor degeneration and gut morphogenesis defects, suggesting a key role for Sedlin in the development of these organs. Thus, by studying Sedlin functionin vivo, we provide evidence for a mechanistic link between TRAPPC2-mediated membrane trafficking, Col2 export, and developmental disorders.
4-Oxo-N-phenyl-1,4-dihydropyridine-3-carboxamide
Authors: Shu Xi , Long Sihui
Published: July 2023

The title compound, C12H10N2O2, shows a nearly planar conformation. The crystal structure is sustained by hydrogen bonds between the NH and the carbonyl O function of the 4-oxo-1,4-dihydropyridine ring of the molecules, forming infinite chains along the b-axis direction.
The challenges in adoption of circular economy in SMEs – a research agenda and way forward
Authors: Kondala Mukesh , Nudurupati Sai Sudhakar , Pappu Raja Phani
Published: July 2023

Purpose

The circular economy (CE) represents an industry-wide transition from linear to circular processes. There has been a proliferation of literature on CE in the last decade. However, the existing studies on the adaption of CE in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) are scarce. This study aims to develop a research agenda and the way forward for future researchers focusing on the adoption of CE.

Design/methodology/approach

This article analyses the CE concepts through a Systematic Literature Review (SLR). Coding and content analysis are performed to generate emergent themes with the help of “Atlas.ti” software.

Findings

The authors uncovered the contemporary significance of adopting CE and the state-of-the-art literature on CE. The study's findings fall into four broad themes: Technical know-how, resource and process optimization, reverse practices and technology and innovation. Ten thought-provoking questions were identified in the four themes that researchers can explore further in embracing CE to achieve sustainability in SMEs.

Practical implications

The study has highlighted the importance of CE adoption and CE's benefits to stakeholders across all three dimensions, i.e. social, economic and ecological. Practitioners can use the agenda in four themes to strengthen the practitioners' existing practices in SMEs to promote CE.

Originality/value

The study's uniqueness is the supply of current knowledge from diverse literature and practical consequences for SMEs. This study opens new lines of inquiry to adopt CE in SMEs, streamlining the existing literature into four themes to focus future research.
Impact of motivation and continuing professional development upon job performance and satisfaction level of reference librarians in Pakistan: an empirical investigation
Authors: Shahzad Khurram , Khan Shakeel Ahmad
Published: July 2023

Purpose

Motivation of the employees is extensively considered as an antidote for the overall success of the organizations. This study primarily aims to investigate the impact of motivation on the job performance of university librarians in Pakistan.

Design/methodology/approach

Quantitative research design followed by a survey method under an extended theory of motivation was applied. Data were collected from 123 professional librarians of 79 university libraries in Punjab province, Pakistan. The study tested hypotheses having used regression statistical test through Statistical Package for Social Sciences Software (Version 26).

Findings

Results of the study revealed that motivation (intrinsic and extrinsic), the expectation of benefits, satisfaction of meta needs and challenging situations have a strong positive impact on the optimum job performance of university librarians.

Practical implications

This research has theoretical implications for the researchers and practical insights for human resource managers to get maximum outcomes for organizational development. The results of the study may be generalized to the university libraries of other countries having similar socio-economic and cultural situations.

Originality/value

This study developed a framework based upon empirically tested hypotheses that might be used as drivers for different motivation practices to augment employees’ commitment to the organizations.
Reflection at the free surface of the orthotropic piezo-hygro-thermo-elastic medium
Authors: Yadav Anand Kumar , Barak M.S. , Gupta Vipin
Published: July 2023

Purpose

This paper aims to study the impact of pyro-electricity, moisture and temperature diffusivity on the energy distribution of plane waves at the free surface of an orthotropic piezo-hygro-thermo-elastic medium.

Design/methodology/approach

This study presents the novel creation of governing equations for an anisotropic piezothermoelastic medium with moisture impact, which is a significant contribution of this paper.

Findings

In addition to providing numerical data for the amplitude ratios and energy ratios of reflected waves, this study identifies five different kinds of coupled reflected plane waves, namely, quasi-longitudinal P wave, quasi-thermal wave, quasi-transverse wave, quasi-moisture wave and electric potential wave.

Research limitations/implications

The graphical analysis examines the impact of various factors, such as the angle of incidence, moisture and temperature diffusivity, pyro-electricity and frequency, on energy distribution.

Practical implications

This paper's results significantly impact the development of more efficient piezoelectric materials and their applications in geophysics.

Originality/value

The authors of the submitted document initiated and produced it collectively, with equal contributions from all members.
Influence of near-fault ground motion characteristics and the relative geographical positioning of sites on the seismic response of RC structures
Authors: Wani Faisal Mehraj , Vemuri Jayaprakash , Chenna Rajaram
Published: July 2023

Purpose

The objective of the study is to examine the response of reinforced concrete (RC) structures subjected to Near-Fault Ground Motions (NFGM) and highlight the importance of considering various factors including the influence of the relative geographical position of near-fault sites that can affect the structural response during an earthquake.

Design/methodology/approach

In this paper, the response of a four-storey RC building subjected to NFGMs with varied characteristics like hanging wall and footwall in conjunction with directivity and the effect of pulse-like ground motions with rupture direction are investigated to understand the combined influence of these factors on the behavior of the structure. Furthermore, the capacity and demand of the structural element are investigated for computing the performance ratio.

Findings

Results from this study indicate that the most unfavorable combinations for structural damage due to near-fault ground motion are the hanging wall with forward rupture, the fault normal component of ground motions, and pulse-like ground motions with forward directivity.

Originality/value

The results from this study provide valuable insight into the response of RC structures subjected to NFGM and highlight the importance of considering various factors that can affect the structural response during an earthquake. Moreover, the computation of capacity and demand of the critical beam indicates exceedance of desired limits, resulting in the early deterioration of the structural elements. Finally, the analytical analysis from the present study confirms that the hanging wall with forward ruptures, pulse-like motions, and fling steps are the most unfavorable combinations for seismic structural damage.
How do we choose whom to support? Different approaches to selection criteria in business pre-incubation
Authors: Bielicki Marcin
Published: July 2023

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to gain a deeper understanding of the selection criteria used in preincubation programs. Particular focus has been placed on examining the exclusive and inclusive nature of these criteria, and how they relate to both egalitarian and utilitarian considerations.

Design/methodology/approach

The study used two data sources: archival available online data and semi-structured interviews. Forty-nine preincubation programs were examined, with 19 representatives interviewed. The data was analyzed using content analysis to understand the access and selection criteria applied at the preincubation stage.

Findings

The goals of preincubation programs vary, including developing students’ competencies, creating new companies or achieving the goals of the corporation that sponsored the program. preincubation programs use three levels of selection criteria, including entry criteria, the potential of the submitted idea and team and the personal characteristics and competencies of the applicants. The entry criteria varied across programs, with some programs being open only to university employees and students, while others were open to the public. The study found that the majority of preincubation programs used a combination of both egalitarian and utilitarian motivations in their selection criteria.

Practical implications

The criteria used to evaluate applications flowing into preincubation should be strongly related to the goals that preincubation is supposed to achieve. It is essential to consider that, contrary to previous knowledge, this process is not only aimed at supporting the creation of new businesses.

Originality/value

To the best of the author’s knowledge, this is the first study that analyzes the approach to selection criteria in preincubation programs with such diverse goals and in different countries as well as expanding the understanding of the criteria used at different stages of the incubation process and relating to the inclusiveness in entrepreneurship.
Digital transformation in tourism sector: trends and future perspectives from a bibliometric-content analysis
Authors: Kumar Suneel , Kumar Varinder , Kumari Bhatt Isha , Kumar Sanjeev , Attri Kamlesh
Published: July 2023

Purpose

This article analyzes research on digital transformation in the tourism sector, providing insights into leading work, authors, journals, trends and future research opportunities. However, limited in-depth research exists on this topic, and the existing studies lack an understanding of its development, scope and relevant areas.

Design/methodology/approach

The study utilized the Scopus database to identify 61 articles on digital transformation in the tourism sector. The research employed VOSviewer software to analyze publication and citation structure, incorporating bibliometric variables like co-authorship, co-citation network, keywords co-occurrence network and bibliographic coupling.

Findings

The study yielded valuable insights from top-cited articles, revealing their contributions to digital transformation in tourism research. It also highlighted publication trends and the impact of authors, journals and studies and conducted co-occurrence, co-authorship and bibliographic analyses to identify key trends and issues in the tourism sector. The study calls for further examination of the digital revolution in tourism research and outlines future opportunities for researchers in this area.

Research limitations/implications

To enhance the comprehensiveness of data collection, it is recommended that researchers consider including publications from databases such as WOS (Web of Science), Dimensions and PubMed in addition to the Scopus database. This broader inclusion of sources can provide different network structures and valuable insights from the field of digital transformation in the tourism sector.

Originality/value

The research provides substantial value to the study of digital transformation in tourism by focusing on bibliometric data from the Scopus database for the period from 2017 to 2022. By analyzing this data, it identifies significant trends in digital transformation within tourism research. Additionally, the study uncovers new areas of digitization in the tourism sector, further enhancing its value and relevance.
Towards a unified typology of digital communication technologies in international business: a tool for management and research
Authors: Hazlehurst Christopher , Etter Michael , Brouthers Keith D.
Published: July 2023

Purpose

Digital communication technologies have become ubiquitous for various firm processes related to international business (IB) and global strategy. However, IB and strategy scholars lack an encompassing and theory-based typology of these technologies that facilitates analysis and discussion of their uses and effects. Likewise, managers have a large choice of technologies at their disposal making it difficult to determine what technology to use in different IB areas. This paper aims to develop a typology of digital communication technologies based on the synchronicity and interactivity of these technologies and capture their fundamental social and temporal dimensions. This results in four ideal types: broadcasting, corresponding, aggregating and collaborating technologies.

Design/methodology/approach

This is a conceptual paper incorporating theoretical perspectives to theorize about four ideal types of digital communication technologies. A subsequent empirical test of this typology has been provided in the appendix.

Findings

The authors discuss how the typology might be applied in IB decisions and some of the contingencies that impact this choice. Building on that, the authors develop directions for future research to increase their understanding of the use of digital communication technologies to help improve IB functions. Overall, the authors suggest future research explores contingencies about where and when different types of digital communication technologies should be used. Finally, the authors provide implication of having a unified typology for both academics and managers.

Originality/value

The authors offer a robust framework for thinking about and capturing different types of digital communication technologies that can be applied by researchers and used by managers when making decisions related to IB. The authors also provide some initial testing of the typology with a three-country study design helping to determine its validity.
Jump to platform faster? Gender, institutional change, and pre-entrant entrepreneurial attempt
Authors: Xu Lei , Parboteeah K. Praveen , Fang Hanqing
Published: July 2023

Purpose

The authors enrich and extend the existing institutional anomie theory (IAT) in the hope of sharpening the understanding of the joint effects of selected cultural values and social institutional changes on women's pre-entrant entrepreneurial attempts. The authors theorize that women are culturally discouraged to pursue pre-entrant entrepreneurial attempts or wealth accumulation in a specific culture. This discouragement creates an anomic strain that motivates women to deviate from cultural prescriptions by engaging in pre-entrant entrepreneurial attempts at a faster speed. Building on this premise, the authors hypothesize that changes in social institutions facilitate the means of achievement for women due to the potential opportunities inherent in such institutional changes.

Design/methodology/approach

Using a randomly selected sample of 1,431 registered active individual users with a minimum of 10,000 followers on a leading entertainment live-streaming platform in the People's Republic of China, the authors examined a unique mix of cultural and institutional changes and their effects on the speed of women's engagement in live-streaming platform activity.

Findings

The authors find support for the impact of the interaction between changes in social institution conditions and cultural values. Unexpectedly, the authors also find a negative impact of cultural values on women's speed of engaging in pre-entrant entrepreneurial attempts.

Originality/value

The authors add institutional change to the IAT framework and provide a novel account for the variation in the pre-entrant entrepreneurial attempts by women on the platform.
The Crisis at the CBI
Authors: Grant Wyn
Published: July 2023

The Confederation of British Industry (CBI) experienced a reputational crisis after a number of allegations of sexual harassment. Leading members of the organisation resigned and its resources were depleted. The British Chambers of Commerce (BCC) attempted to fill the void. The organisation survived a confidence vote, but the result may be a permanently weakened organisation. Apart from the 2023 crisis, there are deeper structural problems in business representation.
Living Holy, Dying Holy: The Theological Influence of Jeremy Taylor's Holy Living and Holy Dying (1656) on Clarissa, or the History of a Young Lady (1748)
Authors: Andrew Rebekah
Published: July 2023

This article investigates some of the parallels between Samuel Richardson's Clarissa, or the History of a Young Lady (1748) and Jeremy Taylor's Holy Living and Holy Dying (1656), a work long acknowledged as intertextually influential over Richardson's fiction. Focussing on the religious and theological influence of Taylor's practical theological writing over both Clarissa's life and death, this article argues that Taylor's work is key to understanding the theology and religion espoused by Richardson through his heroine, who was designed as a moral exemplar for readers rather than a purely literary figure.
Genetic dissection of intratumor heterogeneity of PD‐L1 expression in EGFR‐mutated lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Kunimasa Kei , Hirotsu Yosuke , Amemiya Kenji , Honma Keiichiro , Nakamura Harumi , Nishino Kazumi , Omata Masao
Published: July 2023

In this study, we investigated the association between PD‐L1 expression in tumor cells and underlying genetic mutations, which was analyzed in detail using laser microdissection and next‐generation sequencing analysis. To investigate whether driver mutations are involved in the background of PD‐L1 expression, the EGFR major activating mutation was selected as the most frequent driver mutation. Surgical resection specimens were used to extract sufficient amounts of nucleic acids for analysis, and the high tumor proportion score (TPS:100%) and low (TPS: 0%) PD‐L1‐expressing parts of the tumor were each laser microdissected to examine the association between PD‐L1 expression heterogeneity and genetic mutations within the same tumor. The association between PD‐L1 heterogeneity and gene mutations within the same tumor was investigated. Analysis showed no association between PD‐L1 expression heterogeneity and genetic variants, which were found to be almost identical. However, PD‐L1 expression was found to be associated with the number of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) present in the tumor, which may be related to whether or not lymphocytes can infiltrate into the tumor depending on the tumor histological type (solid pattern, lepidic pattern, etc.) and other factors.
Austria: Political Developments and Data in 2022
Authors: PRAPROTNIK KATRIN
Published: July 2023

Austrian politics in 2022 was affected by high levels of public dissatisfaction. The year was dominated by pandemic fatigue, rising inflation and the reconditioning of the so‐called Austrian People's Party/Österreichische Volkspartei (ÖVP) corruption‐affaire. Consequently, the national government parties of the Christian‐Democratic ÖVP and the Greens/Die Grünen–Die Grüne Alternative (GRÜNE) further lost at the polls, while the main opposition parties—especially the right‐wing Austrian Freedom Party/Freiheitliche Partei Österreichs—gained public support. The presidential election in October confirmed a second term for the sitting President, Alexander Van der Bellen. The regional election in Tyrol brought severe losses for the regional (and national) governing parties, ÖVP and Greens. Despite its losses, the ÖVP secured its position in regional government and formed a coalition with the Austrian Social Democratic Party/Sozialdemokratische Partei Österreichs after the election in Tyrol.
Seeing (or perceiving) difference in multiracial Singapore: Habits of looking in a raciolinguistic image economy
Authors: Babcock Joshua
Published: July 2023

This article examines the habits of looking that mediate perception in the self‐consciously multiracial Southeast Asian island city‐state of Singapore. I proposelookingas a concept for understanding how perceivers work to transform ambiguous, ambivalent encounters with difference into determinate, visibly self‐evident encounters with race. I argue that, in Singapore, habits of looking get materialized via a visual epistemology of race: as efforts to know others by knowing their race through multimodal assemblages of signs, with vision located at the apex of hierarchies of perceptual modalities. I examine informal interactions, state‐produced media, and online commentary to show how language, race, and perception get co‐naturalized (Rosa and Flores, 2017) in an asymmetrically power‐laden image economy (Halliday, 2018; Poole, 1997). I show how looking enables perceivers to see through the eyes of authoritative others and track how hierarchies among perceivers get continually reproduced and revalorized despite continual failures on their own terms.
Olanzapine as an add‐on, pre‐operative anti‐emetic drug for postoperative nausea or vomiting: a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Grigio T. R. , Timmerman H. , Martins J. V. B. , Slullitel A. , Wolff A. P. , Sousa A. M.
Published: July 2023

Postoperative nausea or vomiting occurs in up to 40% in patients with multiple risk factors, despite prophylaxis. Olanzapine is an antipsychotic drug that is used to prevent nausea and vomiting in palliative care and to treat chemotherapy‐induced nausea and vomiting. This study aimed to examine whether pre‐operative olanzapine, as a prophylactic anti‐emetic added to intra‐operative dexamethasone, ondansetron and total intravenous anaesthesia, reduced the incidence of postoperative nausea or vomiting. We performed a multiply‐blinded randomised controlled trial in patients aged 18–60 years with cancer at high risk of postoperative nausea or vomiting (three or four risk factors according to the Apfel criteria) plus a previous history of chemotherapy‐induced nausea and vomiting. Patients were allocated at random to receive 10 mg olanzapine or placebo orally 1 h before surgery in addition to a two‐drug regimen (dexamethasone and ondansetron) and propofol anaesthesia to prevent postoperative nausea or vomiting. The primary outcome was the incidence of postoperative nausea or vomiting in the first 24 h after surgery. In total, 100 patients were enrolled; 47 in the olanzapine group and 49 in the control group completed the study. The baseline characteristics of the groups were similar. The incidence of postoperative nausea or vomiting in the first 24 h after surgery was lower in the olanzapine group (12/47, 26%) than in the control group (31/49, 63%) (p = 0.008, RR 0.40 (95%CI 0.21–0.79)). Adding pre‐operative oral olanzapine to intra‐operative dexamethasone and ondansetron was highly effective in reducing the risk of postoperative nausea or vomiting in the first 24 hours after surgery in patients with a previous history of chemotherapy‐induced nausea and vomiting and at least three Apfel risk factors for postoperative nausea or vomiting.
Successful treatment of gastric cancer with gastroduodenal intussusception by laparoscopic distal gastrectomy
Authors: Namikawa Tsutomu , Utsunomiya Masato , Yokota Keiichiro , Munekage Masaya , Maeda Hiromichi , Kitagawa Hiroyuki , Namikawa Chikako , Kobayashi Michiya , Hanazaki Kazuhiro , Seo Satoru
Published: July 2023

We report a case of a 93‐year‐old woman with gastric cancer who presented with gastroduodenal intussusception and was treated with laparoscopic distal gastrectomy. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy showed a giant protruding lesion in the gastric antrum extending into the duodenal bulb, and biopsy confirmed a well‐differentiated adenocarcinoma. Abdominal contrast‐enhanced computed tomography (CT) revealed a well‐defined mass with homogeneous enhancement and a stalk arising from the distal stomach extending into the duodenal bulb. With a clinical diagnosis of gastric cancer with gastroduodenal intussusception, the patient underwent laparoscopic distal gastrectomy with regional lymph node dissection and reconstruction using the Billroth I method. Reduction of the intussusception was performed through a 4 cm incision under the xiphoid process in the epigastric region because it could not be laparoscopically reduced. Gross examination of the resected specimen showed a well‐circumscribed, elevated lesion measuring 11.2 × 4.7 × 3.6 cm in the antrum. Microscopic examination of the elevated tumor confirmed the diagnosis of well‐differentiated adenocarcinoma invading the gastric submucosal layer without lymph node metastasis. There was no lymphatic or venous invasion or lymph node metastasis. The postoperative course was uneventful, and her hemoglobin level improved to 11.9 g/dL. The patient has been postoperatively well without evidence of recurrence for 3 months. Part of the superficial spreading‐type tumor may be drawn into the duodenum under strong peristaltic movement because it does not infiltrate the muscle layer.
Genotype‐phenotype analysis of selective failure of tooth eruption—A systematic review
Authors: Guo Xinyue , Duan Xiaohong
Published: July 2023

Tooth eruption is an important and unique biological process during craniofacial development. Both the genetic and environmental factors can interfere with this process. Here we aimed to find the failure pattern of tooth eruption among five genetic diseases. Both systematic review and meta‐analysis were used to identify the genotype–phenotype associations of unerupted teeth. The meta‐analysis was based on the characteristics of abnormal tooth eruption in 223 patients with the mutations in PTH1R, RUNX2, COL1A1/2, CLCN7, and FAM20A respectively. We found all the patients presented selective failure of tooth eruption (SFTE). Primary failure of eruption patients with PTH1R mutations showed primary or isolated SFTE1 in the first and second molars (59.3% and 52% respectively). RUNX2 related cleidocranial dysplasia usually had SFTE2 in canines and premolars, while COL1A1/2 related osteogenesis imperfecta mostly caused SFTE3 in the maxillary second molars (22.9%). In CLCN7 related osteopetrosis, the second molars and mandibular first molars were the most affected. While FAM20A related enamel renal syndrome most caused SFTE5 in the second molars (86.2%) and maxillary canines. In conclusion, the SFTE was the common characteristics of most genetic diseases with abnormal isolated or syndromic tooth eruption. The selective pattern of unerupted teeth was gene‐dependent. Here we recommend SFTE to classify those genetic unerupted teeth and guide for precise molecular diagnosis and treatment.
Shrinking social spaces: The role of nurseries as social infrastructure and brokers of support in times of crisis
Authors: Benchekroun Rachel , Cameron Claire
Published: July 2023

COVID‐19 produced temporary closures and changes to organisational practices in nurseries, which shrank social spaces and presented challenges in providing and accessing parental support. Limited attention has been paid in early childhood literature to the role of nurseries. We explored how one nursery mediated the impact of the pandemic on mothers. Our London case study showed that mothers valued it as social infrastructure and as a broker of support networks. Our findings contribute to conceptual understandings and have important implications for the recognition of the role of nurseries in providing supportive spaces in times of economic and public health crises.