bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Trends in International Educational Migration: A Case of Finland
Authors: Strielkowski Wadim , Kiseleva Liudmila S. , Sinyova Anna Yu.
Published: March 2020

Introduction. Our paper is focused on the study of the current trends in educational migration in the context of Finland. We aim at identifying the factors that attract and keep educational immigrants in the host country. We suggest that educational immigrants are the most attractive category of immigrants due to their high adaptability and insertion into the labor markets in their resp ective countries of education.
Materials and Methods. The research employs traditional methods of empirical analysis such as understanding and interpretation of the contents of documents, methods of graphical presentation of the data, analysis of Russian and foreign scientific literature, as well as the method of comparison of Russian and foreign theory and practice. The empirical basis of this study includes the results of a remote online survey using the Google Forms application. The sample of respondents is represented by the individuals residing in Saint Petersburg (Russia) and having in their profiles on the social media VKontakte a mention of the period of study in Finland.
Results. We find that Finland pursues a successful systematic national policy to attract educational immigrants. This approach is designed to compensate for the unfavorable social and demographic situation in the country. Over the past ten years, there has been a tendency in Finland to increase the number of educational immigrants from Asian countries. The majority of foreign students are enrolled in the undergraduate programs of polytechnic universities and at the Master’s programs of classical universities. There is a significant predominance of female immigrants in all areas of study in Finl and.
Discussion and Conclusion.Our results are of practical interest for the Russian government structures responsible for developing strategic guidelines for immigration education policy, as well as for organizations responsible for the development of interstate cooperation in the field of education and science. Heads and staff of international cooperation departments of higher education institutions dealing with the social adaptation of educational immigrants might take into account the identified difficulties of students in adaptation. The results of the study might also be of some interest to the representatives of the scientific community involved in educational migration.
Disposal and Repair of Equipment as Circular Economy Elements
Authors: Ignatov Vladimir I. , Gerasimov Valeriy S. , Mordasova Margarita S.
Published: March 2020

Introduction. The article deals with the criteria for the further use of agricultural machinery that has reached the serviceability limit state: to carry out major repairs or dispose of it, as much as possible saving material resources, as required by the principles of the circular economy.
Materials and Methods. The technical conditions and costs of the equipment components at the agricultural repair workshops in 12 Russian regions were studied. The study was based on the changes in the structure of parts with different use periods.
Results. The results of the study showed that the cost of repairing the equipment components depends on serviceability status of the components, which are divided into three groups: the components fit for use without repair, components fit for use after repair, and irreparable components to be disposed of.
Discussion and Conclusion. It was found that nearly all machines, taken to the workshops for repairs, are outside the serviceability limit state and should be disposed of. The serviceability limit state of the machine occurs at loss of serviceability with a coefficient of less than 0.5. Tn this rate, the machine owner can choose whether it will be repaired or disposed of. When loss of serviceability less than 0.45, an overhaul is preferable. When loss of serviceability more 0.5, disposal is required. These measures will provide the greatest possible resource efficiency.
Experimental Data of the Ear Threshing Process in a Pneumatic Device
Authors: Pakhomov Viktor I. , Braginets Sergey V. , Bakhchevnikov Oleg N. , Benova Elena V. , Rukhlyada Artem I.
Published: March 2020

Introduction. The current problem is the high level of grain injuries during the threshing process. Therefore it is necessary to develop the gentle methods for separating grains from ears. These methods shall exclude direct shock influence of operative parts of the threshing devices on cereal grains. The objective of research is to study the process of the wheatear threshing in the pneumatic device and to estimate the influence of device settings on cereal grain separation and damage.
Materials and Methods. The experimental apparatus is a pneumatic threshing device. The threshing is carried out in case of the interaction of an ear and concave under the influence of the alternating high and low pressure of the airflow generating by the rotor’s blades. Separation is carried out by means of deriving light-load tailings into the reduced pressure chamber.
Results. The grain damage decreases in reducing the speed of rotor blades motion and consequently the speed of ears motion in the threshing unit. Germ damage and grain breakage decrease almost to zero at a minimum blade motion speed of 13.5 mps. The range of blade speed between 13.5 and 20 mps is the most favorable for the pneumatic grain threshing in terms of the germ damage. The pneumatic threshing on the experimental device results in effective assorting of grains and light-load tailings of ears.
Discussion and Conclusion. Process of the wheat ears pneumatic threshing has satisfactory results. The pneumatic threshing reduces grain endosperm damage by 10…12%. Grain germ damage decreases by 5%, practically to zero. Crushing of grain at rotor blades minimum speed is no more than 0.5%. Comparison of shares of the damaged and crushed grains when using the pneumatic threshing with shares of the damaged grains when using the traditional combine threshing has showed that the offered method of the threshing provides a reduction in grain damage.
STRUKTUR UKURAN DAN PARAMETER POPULASI HIU MONYET (Alopias superciliosus Lowe, 1839) DI PERAIRAN SAMUDERA HINDIA SELATAN JAWA
Authors: Chodrijah Umi , Prihatiningsih Prihatiningsih , Panggabean Anthony Sisco , Herlisman Herlisman
Published: March 2020

Alopias superciliosus atau Bigeye Thresher Shark atau hiu monyet  merupakan spesies yang bermigrasi sangat tinggi, bersifat oseanik dan hampir selalu ditemukan di laut tropis dan beriklim sedang.  Spesies ini memiliki fekunditas yang rendah dan tingkat kenaikan populasi yang sangat rendah dibandingkan dengan hiu “Thresher” lainnya.  Spesies ini sangat rentan terhadap eksploitasi penangkapan  baik sebagai target maupun hasil tangkapan sampingan.  Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan Mei 2015 sampai November 2016 di tempat pendaratan Pelabuhan Perikanan Samudera Cilacap. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan struktur ukuran dan parameter populasi sebagai landasan untuk mengetahui status stok pada tingkat pemanfaatan terkini. Metode penelitian yang digunakan melalui pengamatan dan  pengumpulan data oleh enumerator.  Hiu  monyet sebanyak 1437 individu  merupakan hasil tangkapan pancing rawai yang tertangkap di Samudera Hindia Selatan Jawa.  Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa struktur ukuran hiu monyet (Alopias superciliosus) di perairan Samudera Hindia Selatan Jawa yang didaratkan di Cilacap berkisar antara 50-240 cm FL dengan modus berkisar antara ukuran 150 cmFL.  Hubungan panjang berat hiu monyet jantan menunjukkan pertumbuhan bersifat isometrik (b=3) sedangkan hiu monyet betina bersifat allometrik positif (b>3).  Perbandingan jenis kelamin hiu monyet jantan dan betina mendekati seimbang (0,97 : 1). Persamaan kurva pertumbuhan Von Bertalanffy untuk hiu monyet sebagai 𝐿(𝑡) = 270(1−𝑒^(−0,2(𝑡+0,01665)). Parameter mortalitas untuk hiu monyet, meliputi laju kematian total (Z), laju kematian alamiah (M) dan laju kematian karena penangkapan (F), masing-masing sebesar 0,85/tahun, 0,35/tahun dan 0,50/tahun. Laju eksploitasi (E) hiu monyet sebesar 0,59/tahun. Dengan demikian tingkat pemanfaatan hiu monyet sudah pada tingkat over fishing.
Position Statement: Exercise Guidelines to Increase Peak Bone Mass in Adolescents
Authors: Min Seok-Ki , Oh Taewoong , Kim Sang Hyun , Cho Jinkyung , Chung Ho-Yeon , Park Dong-Ho , Kim Changsun
Published: March 2020

PURPOSE: An increase in bone mineral density during adolescence increases resistance to fractures in older age. The Korean Society for Bone and Mineral Research and the Korean Society of Exercise Physiology developed exercise guidelines to increase the peak bone mass (PBM) in adolescents based on evidence through a systematic review of previous research.METHODS: Articles were selected using the systematic method, and the exercise guidelines were established by selecting key questions (KQs) and defining the effects of exercises based on evidence through a literature review for selecting the final exercise method. There were 9 KQs. An online search was conducted on articles published since 2000, and 93 articles were identified.RESULTS: An increase in PBM in adolescence was effective for preventing osteoporosis and fractures in older age. Exercise programs as part of vigorous physical activity (VPA) including resistance and impact exercise at least 5 to 6 months were effective for improving PBM in adolescents. It is recommended that resistance exercise is performed 10 to 12 rep·set-1 1-2 set·region-1 and 3 days·week-1 using the large muscles. For impact exercises such as jumping, it is recommended that the exercise is performed at least 50 jumps·min-1, 10 min·day-1, and 2 days·week-1.CONCLUSIONS: Exercise guidelines were successfully developed, and they recommend at least 5 to 6 months of VPA, which includes both resistance and impact exercises. With the development of exercise guidelines, the incidence of osteoporosis and fractures in the aging society can be reduced in the future, thus contributing to improved public health.
Associations of Objective Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior with Frailty in Community-dwelling Older Adults: A Mini-review
Authors: Chen Si , Chen Tao , Kumagai Shuzo , Park Hyuntae
Published: March 2020

PURPOSE: This review aimed to evaluate the relationship between objectively measured physical activity and sedentary behavior and frailty in community-dwelling older adults.METHODS: An electronic search was undertaken using the MEDLINE® databases from January 1st 2010 to December 31st 2019. Titles, abstracts, and full texts of the studies identified by the search were scrutinized by the author to determine eligibility for an inclusion in this review.RESULTS: The search identified 87 relevant articles resulted, of which eight studies from four cohorts met the inclusion requirements. Almost all the studies reported a significantly negative association between moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and frailty, while only one was a longitudinal study. Significant associations between sedentary time (ST) and higher severity of frailty were observed, however, the findings of associations of sedentary bouts were mixed.IMPLICATION: Higher amounts of ST and lower amounts of MVPA were associated with a higher prevalence of frailty or worse frailty levels. Replacing ST with MVPA may offset the detrimental consequences of ST on frailty. More longitudinal studies and quantitative researches are needed to investigate the association of MVPA and ST bouts with frailty.
The Benefits of Exercise Effect on Cancer: A Review
Authors: Lee Namju
Published: March 2020

PURPOSE: Exercise has been greatly shown to be effective on cancer patients and thus improves functional capacity in cancer patients and lowers a risk of cancer recurrence. The growing numbers of cancer population has been diagnosed and therefore, effect of exercise on cancer should be focused as a great intervention. Therefore, this study reviews the benefits of exercise on cancer and exercise guidelines for cancer population.METHODS: This study reviews 30 previous studies focusing on the benefits of exercise on various types of cancer such as breast, colon, colorectal, liver, lung, ovary, brain, prostate, and melanoma.RESULTS: Improvement in muscle strength, aerobic capacity, body balance throughout optimal exercise would be necessary for cancer patients and survivors for their life-long health by improving overall body function. To reach a healthy life, they need to conduct at least 150 minutes of moderate aerobic exercise or 75 minutes of vigorous aerobic exercise per week, and also at least 2 days per week of resistance exercise with moderate to high intensity for all major muscle groups. Exercise intervention needs to be safe during and after cancer treatments and results in improvements in physical functioning, cancer-related symptoms, and quality of life. Especially, patients and/or survivors with prostate cancer and melanoma are required to exercise with prescription because exercise may induce unexpected effects on health in those population.CONCLUSIONS: Implications for exercise affects related to cancer are still unknown; however, the benefits of exercise to physical functioning and quality of life are sufficient for cancer patients and survivors.
The Combined Impact of Low Hand Grip Strength and Co-morbidity on the Risk of All-cause Mortality in Korean Middle-aged and Older Adults
Authors: Lee Inhwan , Kang Hyunsik
Published: March 2020

PURPOSE: This study investigated the combined impact of low hand grip strength (HGS) and number of comorbidities on the risk of all-cause mortality in Korean middle-aged and older adults.METHODS: Data from the 2006 baseline and 2016 follow-up assessments of the Korean longitudinal study of aging (KLoSA) involving 9,270 Korean adults aged ≥45 years (55.6% women) were used in the study. Study participants were classified as zero, one, and two or more categories based on number of co-morbidities and as high, middle, and low categories based on HGS distributions. The Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate the hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of all-cause mortality according to HGS categories and number of comorbidities.RESULTS: During the 9.7±2.7 year follow-up period, 1,285 deaths from all causes occurred. In both middle and low HGS categories, one and two or more comorbidities resulted in an increased risk of all-cause mortality (HR=1.493; 95% CI=1.220-1.828; p<.001 and HR=1.427; 95% CI=1.190-1.711; p<.001, respectively) compared to no comorbidity (HR=1). Furthermore, the increased risks of all-cause mortality remained significant even after adjustments for a number of confounders such as age, sex, socio-economic status, and parameters of health behaviors and conditions. In high HGS category, there were no significant differences in the risk of all-cause mortality according to number of co-morbidities.CONCLUSIONS: The current finding suggested that promotion of upper body muscular strength may play an important role in preventing premature death from all causes, especially among those who suffer from co-morbidities.
Effects of Dance Sports and Yoga Program on Body Composition, Physical Fitness, Blood Lipids and Liver Function Indicator in the Elderly
Authors: Yoo Dong-Hoon
Published: March 2020

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of dance sports and yoga program on body composition, physical fitness, blood lipids and liver function indicator in the elderly.METHODS: The subjects in this experiment were divided into the dance sports group (n=12, 6 male with age 70.83±5.23, 6 female with age 68.00±3.03) and the yoga group (n=12, 6 male with age 68.33±1.63, 6 female with age 67.33±2.50). The both exercise program were conducted once 60 minutes (warm-up: 10 minutes, main exercise: 40 minutes, cool-down: 10 minutes), twice a week for 15 weeks.RESULTS: The body composition, physical fitness, blood lipids and liver function indicator were found to have positive effects on all items in both groups without the significant interactions.CONCLUSIONS: We found that the 15-week dance sports and yoga program positively affects the improvement of flexibility, blood lipids and alanine aminotransferase. Therefore, long-term regular use of both dance sports and yoga programs is considered to be beneficial for the improvement and maintenance of physical and physiology variables related to the elderly’s health.
Influence of Extra Virgin Olive Oil Supplement and Combined Exercise on Health-Related Physical Fitness, Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors, and Bone Density in Obese Elementary Students
Authors: Kim Kyong-Tae , Lee Ki-Hyuk
Published: March 2020

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of combined exercise and extra virgin olive oil supplement on health-related physical fitness, cardiovascular disease risk factors, and bone density in obese elementary school students.METHODS: The participants were 40 obese elementary students over 25 kg/m2 to BMI, 10 combined exercise with high olive oil supplement group (HO+CE), 10 combined exercise with low olive oil supplement group (LO+CE), 10 combined exercise with placebo group (PL+CE), and 10 placebo group (PL). The participants have performed the exercise program for 70 minutes a day and 3 times a week with aerobic and resistance exercise during 12 weeks. Also, high and low olive oil supplement group took in 25 g and 10 g respectively at the same time and place.RESULTS: There were significant decreases in body fat to HO+CE compared with PL+CE (p<.05) and significant increase in muscle mass and muscular endurance compared with PL+CE (p<.05). However, there were no significant differences in body weight, BMI, muscular strength, and flexibility between groups. For cardiovascular disease risk factors, there is a significant difference to triglyceride, LDL-C, total cholesterol in HO+CE compared with PL+CE (p<.05) and there were significant differences to HDL-C significantly decreased in HO+CE compared with PL+CE (p<.05). There is no significant difference in bone density between groups (p>.05).CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, there were positive responses for body composition and cardiovascular disease risk factors for the twofold cases through combined exercise and high extra virgin olive oil supplement, but not for bone density.
ARHGEF7 (β-PIX) Is Required for the Maintenance of Podocyte Architecture and Glomerular Function
Authors: Matsuda Jun , Maier Mirela , Aoudjit Lamine , Baldwin Cindy , Takano Tomoko
Published: March 2020

Significance Statement

Dysregulation of Cdc42 and other members of the Rho family of small GTPases in podocytes contributes to the pathogenesis of proteinuria. However, the upstream regulatory mechanisms for Cdc42 activity in podocytes are largely unknown. The authors identified ARHGEF7 (commonly known as β-PIX) as a predominant guanine nucleotide exchange factor and activator of Cdc42 in podocytes. They also demonstrated that β-PIX is required for the maintenance of podocyte architecture and glomerular function via Cdc42 and its downstream effects on Yes-associated protein (YAP) activity. Elucidating the precise details of how numerous regulatory proteins maintain the delicate balance of Rho GTPases in podocytes will be essential in understanding the pathogenesis of proteinuric glomerular diseases and identifying therapeutic targets.

Background

Previous studies showed that Cdc42, a member of the prototypical Rho family of small GTPases and a regulator of the actin cytoskeleton, is critical for the normal development and health of podocytes. However, upstream regulatory mechanisms for Cdc42 activity in podocytes are largely unknown.

Methods

We used a proximity-based ligation assay, BioID, to identify guanine nucleotide exchange factors that activate Cdc42 in immortalized human podocytes. We generated podocyte-specific ARHGEF7 (commonly known as β-PIX) knockout mice by crossing β-PIX floxed mice with Podocin-Cre mice. Using shRNA, we established cultured mouse podocytes with β-PIX knockdown and their controls.

Results

We identified β-PIX as a predominant guanine nucleotide exchange factor that interacts with Cdc42 in human podocytes. Podocyte-specific β-PIX knockout mice developed progressive proteinuria and kidney failure with global or segmental glomerulosclerosis in adulthood. Glomerular podocyte density gradually decreased in podocyte-specific β-PIX knockout mice, indicating podocyte loss. Compared with controls, glomeruli from podocyte-specific β-PIX knockout mice and cultured mouse podocytes with β-PIX knockdown exhibited significant reduction in Cdc42 activity. Loss of β-PIX promoted podocyte apoptosis, which was mediated by the reduced activity of the prosurvival transcriptional regulator Yes-associated protein.

Conclusions

These findings indicate that β-PIX is required for the maintenance of podocyte architecture and glomerular function via Cdc42 and its downstream Yes-associated protein activities. This appears to be the first evidence that a Rho–guanine nucleotide exchange factor plays a critical role in podocytes.
A rare case report of surgical treatment of pancreatic VIPoma
Authors: Zagainov V. E. , Belskii V. A. , Korneva K. G. , Kuchin D. M. , Baranova A. A.
Published: March 2020

A description of a rare clinical observation of pancreatic VIPoma is presented. Submitted literature review. The difficulties of preoperative diagnosis, as well as the effectiveness of surgical treatment are shown.
Successful endoscopic treatment of choledocholithiasis by using of extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy and ballon dilatation
Authors: Rinchinov V. B. , Plekhanov A. N. , Garmaev B. G.
Published: March 2020

Clinical observation of choledocholithiasis followed by a large calculus of the common bile duct is presented. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography with an attempt of lithotripsy was failed. Subsequent shock-wave lithotripsy was followed by fragmentation of a large stone. Balloon dilatation of major duodenal papilla with subsequent extraction of fragments of the stone were performed. Complex approach allowed us to successfully eliminate “difficult” choledocholithiasis and restore an adequate biliary passage.
Comparative assessment of the short-term and long-term results of traditional and original ways of terminoterminal pancreatojejunostomy at a subtotal resection of a head of a pancreas
Authors: Propp A. R. , Degovtsov E. N. , Nikulina S. A.
Published: March 2020

Aim. Compare the short-term and long-term results of the traditional and original methods of terminoterminal pancreaticojejunostomy with subtotal resection of the pancreatic head.

Materials and methods. The results of subtotal resection of the pancreatic head in 20 patients with chronic pancreatitis with pancreatic duct obstruction at the level of the head are analyzed. In 10 cases at the final stage of the operation, the traditional terminoterminal pancreaticojejunostomy was performed, in 10 – in the original way.

Results. Biliary tract decompression was performed in 65% of patients. The average duration of operation from original terminoterminal pancreaticojejunostomy operation was 170 min. [165; 180], intraoperative blood loss – 210 ml [200; 240], the average duration of postoperative hospital stay – 16 days [14; 17]; there were no mortality. After 5 years, in all patients who underwent the original terminoterminal pancreaticojejunostomy, the expressiveness of pain according to the developed ten-point scale was <4 points. Frequency for the first time diagnosed diabetes was 50–60%. The need for enzyme drugs was noted in 37.5–40% of cases. The frequency of complications requiring repeated surgical interventions is 12%, persistent disability – 50%. The quality of life indicators for Medical Outcome Study Short Form-36 and European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer quality of life questionnaire – C30 exceeded those of the traditional method of completing the surgery by 3.9–8.4% and 9.3–16.7%.

Conclusion. The original way of a single-row terminoterminal pancreaticojejunostomy with subtotal resection of the pancreatic head allows to reduce averages operative time and postoperative hospital stay. The risk of hemorrhagic complications from the resected pancreatic head does not decrease (10%). After 5 years, an insignificant advantage of the original method of terminoterminal pancreaticojejunostomy compared with the traditional one was noted. The incidence of permanent disability was 15% less, the quality of life indicators for the Medical Outcome Study Short Form-36 and European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer quality of life questionnaire – C30 were better.
New in the problem gallstone bowel obstruction
Authors: Mamchich V. I. , Bondarenko N. D. , Chaika M. A.
Published: March 2020

Aim. To identify the frequency of gallstone ileus based on the surgical experience of the Kiev region in patients with acute calculous cholecystitis and acute intestinal obstruction. To evaluate the capabilities of the gallstone ileus diagnosis algorithm for correct topical diagnosis before surgery.

Materials and methods. For 2004–2018, 13713 patients with acute cholecystitis and 3609 patients with acute intestinal obstruction were hospitalized. In 0.64% of cases, gallstone ileus was diagnosed in patients with acute calculous cholecystitis, in 0.41% in choledocholithiasis, and in 2.4% in its complex forms. In 0.73% gallstone ileus was detected during operations for acute intestinal obstruction and in 1.12% for its obstructive form.

Results. A total of 25 patients with gallstone intestinal obstruction underwent surgery. In the topical diagnosis of gallstone intestinal obstruction, X-ray contrast methods dominate. During surgical procedure, only with pyloroduodenal variants of obstruction, cholecystectomy is performed simultaneously with the elimination of obstruction. In other situations, cholecystectomy is performed after 3–8 months. Of the 25 patients, 4 patients died due to ascending cholangitis, peritonitis due to bile leakage, and severe co-morbidities.

Conclusion. The use of the algorithm of advanced diagnostic methods allows you to receive a diagnosis in most patients. The most valuable in topical diagnostics are contrast methods. New in gallstone ileus is the migration of gallstone after endoscopic papillosphincterotomy with mechanical lithotripsy for choledocholithiasis, especially with its complex forms. In our opinion, all types of gallstone ileus can be combined into Bartolin-Bouveret syndrome, which first described this variant of mechanical intestinal obstruction.
Endoscopic hemostasis with self-expanding nitinol stents (literature review)
Authors: Anisimov A. Y. , Loginov A. V. , Ibragimov R. A. , Anisimov A. A.
Published: March 2020

Aim. A critical analysis of modern scientific publications on the application in complex treatment program of patients with acute bleeding from esophageal varices endoscopic hemostasis with self-expanding nitinol Danish stents.

Methods. Literature data are presented on the results of treating patients at the height of esophageal bleeding or with a high risk of recurrence by installing self-expanding nitinol Danish stents.

Results. The advantages of Danish stent include low trauma; good tolerance; physiological saliva drainage and the possibility of receiving fluid and food through the mouth; repeated endoscopic examination of the esophagus and stomach after the introduction of the stent; reducing the risk of aspiration pneumonia; the impossibility of removal or displacement by the patient in a state of excitement. The disadvantages of self-expanding nitinol Danish stents, in addition to the risk of migration from the esophagus to the stomach with loss of its plugging function, include the limitation of the therapeutic effect only to varicose veins of the esophagus, the development of small erosions or ulcers on the mucous membrane of the esophagus after stent removal.

Conclusion. The extent to which endoscopic hemostasis with self-expanding nitinol Danish stents will take a strong place in the treatment of patients with variceal bleeding is not clear. In the recommendations of the Baveno VI Consensus the method is considered as an attractive alternative to Sengstaken–Blackmore balloon tamponade, however, the need for confirmation of the initial clinical results by further comparative randomized controlled trials is indicated.
The Seasonal and Spatial Distribution of Trichoptera Larvae in the Araç Creek (Kastamonu, Karabük, Turkey)
Authors: KÜÇÜKBASMACI İbrahim , FINDIK Özlem
Published: March 2020

Aim of study: The larvae of different insect species are used to assess water quality at various pollution levels. The aim of this study was to determine the species composition and seasonal distribution of Trichoptera larvae of the Araç Creek and relation with physicochemical parameters. Area of study: Benthic macroinvertebrates were collected between April and October 2013 seasonally to determine the trichopteran species of the Araç Creek. Material and method: The samples were collected using a standard dip net (500µm). The trichopteran taxa were identified using Leica APO S8 binocular stereomicroscope. Environmental variables were measured in the field using portable instruments while total hardness was measured according to the standard analytical methods. Main results: Fifteen trichopteran taxa were identified from the Araç Creek. Three of them could be identified at the genus level. The maximum number of trichopteran larvae were collected at station 2 (311 individuals) while the fewest trichopteran were collected at station 6 (87 individuals). Hydropsyche botosaneanui was found to be the dominant species in Araç Creek. Research highlights: A total of 1223 larvae belonging to Trichoptera were collected from the Araç Creek. 15 taxa belonging to 9 genera of 8 different families (Brachycentridae, Hydropsychidae, Hydroptilidae, Lepidostomatidae, Leptoceridae, Limnephilidae, Psychomyiidae and Rhyacophilidae) were identified. The highest number of individuals was found in the spring season.
İSRAİL DEVLET OKULLARINDA KULLANILAN ARAPÇA TARİH DERS KİTAPLARINDA TÜRK İMGESİ
Authors: TEZCAN Selim , GÜR Mehmet Sadık
Published: March 2020

Öz: Bu çalışma, İsrail vatandaşı
Arap öğrencilere yönelik İsrail devlet okullarında 1970’lerden beri okutulan
Arapça ortaokul ve lise tarih ders kitaplarının yansıttığı Türk imgesini
incelemektedir. Genel olarak İsrail ders kitaplarında Türk imgesine değinen mevcut
çalışmalar İbranice tarih ders kitaplarını incelemekte, Arapça kitaplar
üzerinde durmamaktadır. Bu çalışmada Türk tarihiyle ilgili pasajlar içerdiği
saptanan 12 Arapça kitabın içerik analizinde olumlu yaklaşım örnekleri ile
olumsuzlama öğelerine odaklanıldı ve ortaya Gayrı-Müslimlere Hoşgörü, Türk
Yöneticileri, Gerileme Devri ve İttihatçıların Baskıcı Yönetimi ile Arap İsyanı
şeklinde dört ana tema çıktı. Türklere olumlu yaklaşım örnekleri, Osmanlı
İmparatorluğu’nda gayrı-Müslimlere gösterilen hoşgörüden bahseden pasajlarda ve
Osman Bey, Fatih Sultan Mehmet, Kanuni ve Atatürk hakkındaki bölümlerde görüldü.
Padişahlar arasından en çok devlete getirdiği yeni düzen ve askeri seferleri
nedeniyle Kanuni takdir edilirken Atatürk de Türkiye’yi işgalden kurtaran büyük
bir lider olarak betimlenmektedir. II. Abdülhamit’in müstebit idaresi
eleştirilmekle beraber devletin içinde bulunduğu zor koşullara atıf ile
meşrulaştırılmakta, Sultanın her alanda gerçekleştirdiği reformlar
övülmektedir. Yalnız zalim ve kan dökücü bir hükümdar olarak tasvir edilen I.
Selim tümüyle negatif bir imgeye sahiptir. Kitapların tavrı gerileme devri ele
alınırken olumsuzlaşmakta, özellikle merkezi yönetimin zayıflamasıyla birlikte
Arap vilayetleri dâhil tüm taşrada sömürü, asayiş boşluğu ve ekonomik
gerilemenin hâkim olduğu belirtilmektedir. En olumsuz Türk imgesi ise İttihat
ve Terakki dönemiyle ilgili kısımlarda bulunmaktadır. İttihatçıların Türkler
dışındaki halkların haklarını tanımadığı, katı bir Türkleştirme politikası
uyguladığı ve bunun da Arapları isyana ittiği anlatılmaktadır. Kitaplarda yer
alan görsellerde de daha ziyade gerileme ve dağılma döneminden olumsuz imgeler
öne çıkmaktadır.
II. MEŞRUTİYET DÖNEMİNDE MESLEKİ EĞİTİMİN ÜÇ SACAYAĞI: SANAYİ, TİCARET ve ZİRAAT MEKTEPLERİ
Authors: ERKEK Mehmet Salih
Published: March 2020

Osmanlı
modernleşme sürecinin en önemli aşamalarından birisi olan II. Meşrutiyet
döneminde siyasi, iktisadi ve sosyal alanlarda olduğu gibi eğitim alanında da
önemli gelişmeler meydana gelmiştir. İttihad-Terakki Cemiyeti bir yandan ilk ve
orta öğretimde kendi iktidarına ve meşrutiyete bağlı vatandaşlar yetiştirme gayreti
içerisine girerken diğer yandan da devletin en büyük eksikliği olan milli bir
burjuva sınıfını oluşturmak için mesleki eğitime önem vermeye başlamıştır.
Osmanlı Devletinde meslek edinmenin geleneksel yolu çırak olarak bir ustanın
yanında yetişmekti. Tanzimat döneminden itibaren bu usulün yanında mekteplerde
disipline edilmiş bir mesleki eğitim başlamıştır. Bu çalışmanın amacı mesleki
eğitim veren mektepler içerisinde büyük öneme sahip olan ticaret, sanayi ve
ziraat mekteplerinin 1908-1914 yılları arasındaki durumunu ortaya koymaktır.
Başta arşiv kaynakları olmak üzere dönemin gazete ve dergilerine dayanılarak
hazırlanan bu çalışma göstermiştir ki, II. Meşrutiyet’in getirdiği heyecan ile
bu mekteplerde bir yenilik ve canlanma yaşanmasına rağmen özellikle Balkan
Savaşlarının yıkıcı etkisi nedeniyle istenilen başarı elde edilememiştir. II.
Meşrutiyet’ten sonra Osmanlı Devleti’nin parçalanma sürecine girmesi bu
mektepleri büsbütün atıl duruma getirmiş ve Cumhuriyet’in devraldığı mesleki
eğitim mirası neredeyse yok denecek bir seviyeye gelmiştir.
SOME THOUGHTS on HISTORY TEACHING
Authors: YAZICI Kubilay
Published: March 2020

The rapid change and transformation we experience in this century makes
its effect evident on the field of education as in every field. In this
process, the contents of curriculums are provided with various contents and
applications thought to be the necessities of the time. However, history lessons,
which have been among the essential parts of educational systems from past to
present, seem not to be affected enough by these changes and transformations.
It is seen in this study that, as stated through various examples, there are
different reasons for the fact that history education has been unable to
realize its transformation. In the study, some practices which are thought to
be necessary in history education were discussed in terms of their possible
benefits in the event that they exist in the learning-teaching process. In this
context, it is aimed to answer possible questions in the readers’ minds by
drawing up some practices with various contents under sub-titles. The
suggestions made in the study were prepared in line with the purpose to offer
solutions to the problems about history education from different points of
view.
MÜZE ve TARİHİ MEKÂNLARDA DEĞER ve BECERİ KAZANDIRMAYA YÖNELİK SOSYAL BİLGİLER ÖĞRETMEN ADAYLARININ GÖRÜŞLERİ
Authors: ÖNER Galip , ÇENGELCİ KÖSE Tuba
Published: March 2020

Okul dışı
öğrenme ve öğretme ortamları denilince akla ilk gelenlerden yerlerden birisi de
müze ve tarihi mekânlardır. Alanyazın incelendiğinde bu mekânların öğrencilerin
birçok kazanım elde etmesine olanak sağladığı, özellikle de soyut konuları
somutlaştırarak öğrencilerde kalıcı izli öğrenmeler sağladığı üzerine araştırmalarda
vurgu yapıldığı görülmektedir. Günümüzde bilgiye ulaşmanın, formal ya da
informal ortamlarda, görece kolay olduğu düşünüldüğünde öğrencilere değer ve
beceri kazandırmanın daha da önemli bir hale geldiği düşünülmektedir. Ancak alanyazında
sosyal bilgiler dersinde müze ve tarihi mekânların değer ve beceri öğretiminde
kullanılabileceğine dair çalışmalar oldukça sınırlıdır. Bu bağlamda araştırmanın
amacı Sosyal Bilgiler öğretmen adaylarının müze ve tarihi mekânlarda öğrencilere
değer ve beceri kazandırılmasına ilişkin düşünce ve deneyimlerini ortaya
koymaktır. Araştırmada nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden temel nitel araştırma kullanılmıştır. Araştırmadan elde edilen
veriler Erciyes Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilgiler Öğretmenliği programında öğrenim
gören, ilk aşamada (görüş formu) 44, ikinci aşamada (görüş formu) 27, üçüncü
aşamada (görüşme) 17 öğretmen adayından elde edilmiştir. Nitel veriler Nvivo 11
paket programı yardımıyla betimsel analiz tekniğiyle çözümlenmiştir. Araştırma
sonucunda öğretmen adaylarının sosyal bilgiler dersinde müzede vatanseverlik,
dayanışma, sorumluluk, saygı, yardımseverlik, özgürlük, bağımsızlık,
bağımsızlık, çalışkanlık, bilimsellik, estetik, duyarlılık, hoşgörü, dürüstlük,
sevgi, barış ve aile birliğine önem verme gibi değerlerin; empati, mekânı
algılama, gözlem, sosyal katılım, zaman ve kronolojiyi algılama, iletişim,
yaratıcı düşünme ve Türkçeyi doğru ve güzel kullanma gibi becerilerin kazandırılabileceğini
düşündükleri belirlenmiştir.
TEVHİD-İ TEDRİSAT KANUNUNUN AMAÇ GERÇEKLEŞTİRME BAŞARISINA DAİR BİR İNCELEME
Authors: AKGÜNDÜZ Hasan
Published: March 2020

Bu

makalede, Tevhid-i Tedrisat Kanunu ile başlayan ve yüzyılını doldurma eşiğinde

bulunan Cumhuriyetin Eğitim Devrimi, amaç gerçekleştirme başarısı bakımından

literatür ve belgeler desteğinde kuramsal/tarihsel bakış yöntemiyle irdelenmiş

ve değerlendirilmiştir. Vaki değerlendirme sonucu konu hakkında erişilen kritik

bulgular; hukuki referansı Tevhid-i Tedrisat Kanunu, kök değerleri ise Millilik

ve Laiklik olan eğitim devriminin, gelinen durum itibariyle farklı sosyal hayat

alanlarına hitap eden cumhuriyet devrimleri arasında amaç gerçekleştirme

başarısı en sınırlı kalan devrimsel girişim olduğu, bahse konu neticenin beşeri

fenomenlerde tarih bilinci eşliğinde öznel nadas yöntemiyle sağlanan

gelenek-yenilik kutupsal sinerjisi üzerinden dikey mutasyon-aşkınlık-devrimsel

büyüme kanuniyetine aykırı bir yola girilmiş olması, bu meyanda millilik ve

laiklik değerlerinin sürecin başında buharlaşmasıyla oluşan tepkisel iklimde

baskılanmış köklerin toprak altında vahşileşerek toprak üstü oluşumları bloke

etmiş olması, kökten beslenerek kökleri üzerinde büyüyemediği için hırpalanmış

durumdaki formal sistemin mevcudiyet eksikliğinde ise gelenekçi teist

fırsatçıların millilik, pragmatist-ateist fırsatçıların da laiklik damarını

istismar ederek gölge sistem halinde devreye girmesiyle ilişkili olduğudur.

Gerçekten de hem yaşam enerjisi tükenmiş gölge medrese-tekke modelinin hala itibar

görmesi ve halktan güç devşirmeye devam eden korsan yıkıcı gidişatı, hem de

anlam paralizasyonuyla malül aynı tepkisel iklimde diğer rövanşist fırsatçılara

yönelen teveccüh, insanların formal sistemle tinsel meşruiyetten yoksun

mesafeli ilişkisi ve doğanın boşluk kaldırmaması nedeniyle insan/eğitim

tefecilerinin merdiven altı korsan çözümlerine tepkisel akışından öte bir anlam

ifade etmemektedir. 
NCBI submission protocol for microbial pathogen surveillance v2
Authors: Timme Ruth , Balkey Maria , Randolph Robyn , Laxmi Gubbala Venkata Sai , Wolfgang William , Strain Errol
Published: March 2020

PURPOSE: Step-by-step instructions for submitting WGS microbial pathogen sequence data to NCBI and to the NCBI Pathogen Detection portal. SCOPE: to provide a standardized protocol for NCBI submission for use by any other laboratory submitting WGS data for species under active surveillance within NCBI’s Pathogen Detection. (This includes GenomeTrakr, NARMS, Vet-LIRN laboratories and other networks). This protocol covers the following submission procedures: Create new BioProjects BioSample/metadata submission Sequence submission
Production of Recombinant EnvA Rabies Virus v3
Authors: Institute for Brain Science Allen
Published: March 2020

This protocol is used for the large-scale production of EnvA-pseudotyped recombinant rabies virus. Note: Research reported in this publication was supported by the National Institute Of Mental Health of the National Institutes of Health under Award Number U19MH114830. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health.
Production of Crude AAV Virus Extract v3
Authors: Institute for Brain Science Allen
Published: March 2020

This protocol is used to produce crude preps of AAV of any serotype. Note: Research reported in this publication was supported by the National Institute Of Mental Health of the National Institutes of Health under Award Number U19MH114830. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health.
Production of AAV Virus by Iodixanol Gradient Ultracentrifugation v3
Authors: Institute for Brain Science Allen
Published: March 2020

This protocol is used to produce AAV of any serotype with high purity and high titer. Note: Research reported in this publication was supported by the National Institute Of Mental Health of the National Institutes of Health under Award Number U19MH114830. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health.
Investigating Ethos and Pathos in Scientific Truth Claims in Public Discourse
Authors: Simon Niklas
Published: March 2020

The article seeks to explore the role played by the rhetorical modes of ethos and pathos when scientific knowledge is constructed in public discourse. A case study is presented on the public debate in Germany on possible risks to bees from neonicotinoid pesticides, focusing especially on a detailed analysis of scientific knowledge claims found in texts produced by two lobbying groups involved. The findings indicate distinctive rhetorical patterns in the context of scientific truth claims realising, for example, appeals to concern and the display of scientific competence and integrity.
Science Slams as Edutainment: A Reception Study
Authors: Niemann Philipp , Bittner Laura , Schrögel Philipp , Hauser Christiane
Published: March 2020

Science slams are a prominent form of science communication especially in Germany that seeks to entertain. While some view science slams as an excellent vehicle for disseminating knowledge, others argue that the imperative to entertain undermines the scientific value of this form of presentation. Drawing on empirical data from three science slam events, this explorative study examines how audiences and presenters perceive the science slam, particularly as it relates to entertainment and the communication of scientific knowledge. Our multi-method analysis includes audience surveys (n = 469), an eye-tracking study, and interviews with science slammers (n = 18). Our results show that the main reason audiences attend a science slam is for entertainment, yet they also have a strong interest in scientific content. Assessing the slammers’ aspirations concerning the audience, we find entertainment to be an important part, but the motivation to impart scientific knowledge is key for most. When asked to evaluate individual presentations (n = 20), spectators tended to rate both the entertainment and scientific value of the presentations as high. However, in terms of visual attention within individual presentations, spectators spent more time considering scientific content than entertainment content. Overall, we do not find evidence for the common claim that the focus on entertainment undermines the scientific value of science slam presentations—rather, entertainment and scientific content are combined to produce “edutainment” in a positive sense.
The Emotional Effects of Science Narratives: A Theoretical Framework
Authors: Bilandzic Helena , Kinnebrock Susanne , Klingler Magdalena
Published: March 2020

Stories have long been discussed as a tool to make science accessible to the public. The potential of stories to stimulate emotions in their audiences makes them an emotional communication strategy par excellence. While studies exist that test the effects of stories in science communication on the one hand and the effects of emotions on the other hand, there is no systematic elaboration of the mechanisms through which stories in science communication evoke emotions and how these emotions influence outcomes such as knowledge gain and attitude change. In this article, we develop a theoretical framework of the “Emotional Effects of Science Narratives” (EESN-Model), which includes a typology of emotions likely to arise from reading science communication as well as mechanisms for each of the emotions to evoke the (desired) outcomes. The model serves as a heuristic to delineate the emotional effects of narratives in science coverage and will help guide research in this domain to provide a deeper understanding of the role of emotion in science news.
Between Evidence and Emotions: Emotional Appeals in Science Communication
Authors: Taddicken Monika , Reif Anne
Published: March 2020

In the field of science communication, there is currently a great deal of discussion on how individuals can be reached, not only through fact-oriented communication, but also through emotional appeals and ‘edutainment’ approaches. This discussion has been further intensified by the changing conditions of new media environments. From an academic viewpoint, the discussion is often met with scepticism. However, categorical statements about a supposed dichotomy of emotion and rationality are misleading. What is needed are differentiated arguments and analyses. Nevertheless, emotions in science communication are an often overseen research field. With this thematic issue, we seek to enrich the scientific discourse by providing research from authors coming from different perspectives using different concepts, methods, and cases. In this editorial, we summarise the contribution of ten different articles on three levels: (1) emotions of science communicators, (2) emotional(ised) content, and (3) emotions of science communication audiences.
Universalism in Welfare Policy: The Swedish Case beyond 1990
Authors: Blomqvist Paula , Palme Joakim
Published: March 2020

Despite its broad usage, universalism as a concept is not always clearly defined. In this article, a multidimensional definition of universalism in social policy is developed, based on four policy characteristics: inclusion, financing, provision, and the adequacy of benefits. In the empirical part of the article, the feasibility of this definition is tested by an analysis of recent changes in the Swedish welfare state, which is typically described as universal but has undergone substantive reforms since 1990. Four social policy areas are examined: pensions, social insurance, health care, and family policy. The results indicate that Swedish welfare policies retain their universalistic character in some dimensions but have become less universalistic in others. This demonstrates that a multidimensional approach is best suited to capture in full the nature and implications of welfare state reform.