bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Land cover clustering and classification of satellite images
Authors: Kharat Vaishnavi , Khatdeo Sanyukta , Kothe Harshada , Kshirsagar Rutuja , Dixit Mrudul , Balan M. Selva
Published: August 2023

Land cover classification refers to the process of using remote sensing data to categorize different types of land cover like vegetation, water bodies and soil. This is helpful for gaining key information about the surface of the Earth and for the future interactions between human activities and the environment. These predicted interactions lead to the development of sustainable land use practices along with the protection of natural resources. This paper deals with classifying the land cover using unsupervised and supervised methods. The unsupervised method includes land cover detection using a K-means clustering algorithm and the supervised classification is done using random forest classifier. The evaluation parameter values are calculated and compared for the input and output images.
A Chaos Based Joint Image Compression and Encryption Scheme
Authors: Subhashini K. , Nandhini K.
Published: August 2023

Cryptography is a technique used for secure communications or information in the presence of third parties. This work proposes an Image encryption algorithm using the chaotic map. First, this method is produced to generate the secret key using a logistic map. Encryption includes two processes confusion and diffusion and compression is performed using the DWT method. It has compressed the size of the image. The output verified this method has better security performance.
Aerial assessment of solar panel surfaces using drone
Authors: Noorussbah Syeda , PB Gautam , Keerthivas S , E Prajeesha
Published: August 2023

The concept of image processing has come a long way in the recent past. There are multiple softwares based on image processing with better accuracy and efficiency even when compared to the human eye. With open-source libraries like Python growing rapidly in development, there are many image processing libraries like OpenCV, Mahotas, Pillow / PIL, NumPy are being used widely and in most image processing softwares. This project is a demonstration of how image processing and machine learning is used to identify and differentiate different contaminants on the surface of a solar panel. A solar panel is surrounded by lots of empty areas like on rooftops of buildings and solar farms. Due to this, it is very easy for contaminants like dirt and bird droppings to make the solar panel dirty. When this happens and with more accumulation of contaminants, the solar panel efficiency exponentially decreases. Hence it is important to keep such surfaces clean as much as possible. Although, cleaning the surfaces is a tedious and moreover, a dangerous job. It is better to be prepared with the nature of the contaminants on the surface before actually going to clean it so that the cleaners will not have to take anything more than the necessary equipment.
Image Encryption using Convolutional Neural Network
Authors: K Subhashini , R Aarthi Lakshmi , V Arthi , G Hemalatha
Published: August 2023

The use of cryptography has become increasingly important in the transmission of multimedia, such as digital images, text, audio, and video, to ensure secrecy, integrity, confidentiality, and prevent unauthorized access to sensitive information. While Chaos-based cryptosystems are not yet standardized like AES, DES, RSA, they have emerged as an active area of research in recent years and can provide additional security when used with standard public key cryptosystems. This project aims to implement an effective image encryption approach using a Chaos-based cryptosystem to overcome differential attacks. The system involves dividing the original image into parts and repositioning them to form the first level of encryption. The encryption process starts with generating a one-dimensional sequence using a logistic map, which is then multiplied by the maximum pixel value and subjected to bit-by-bit operation. The result is used to encrypt the image, which can be decrypted using the same process in reverse.
Performance Analysis of Human Activity
Authors: Mhaiskar Rutuja , Dhandapani Vaithiyanathan , Verma Preeti , Kaur Baljit
Published: August 2023

This project aims to develop an AI-powered gym assistant using Jupyter Notebook and MediaPipe, a popular computer vision library, to count the repetitions of three joint exercises: curls, squats, and sit-ups. The system will provide real-time feedback and monitoring, allowing users to track their progress and improve performance. The proposed method utilizes MediaPipe, which offers pre-trained machine-learning models for human pose estimation and hand tracking. These models will accurately detect and track critical body joints and hand movements during the exercises. The system will then analyze the detected poses to identify the repetitions of each activity based on predefined movement patterns and pose thresholds. Jupyter Notebook will be used as the development environment for coding and testing the system. Python programming language and MediaPipe’s Python API will be employed to implement the pose estimation and repetition counting algorithms. The system will also incorporate a user-friendly interface, allowing users to interact with the gym assistant and receive feedback on their exercise performance. The completed project will provide an AI-powered gym assistant that can accurately count the repetitions of curls, squats, and sit-ups in real-time. Additionally, this project will contribute to the advancement of the field of fitness technology by showcasing the potential of combining computer vision and artificial intelligence techniques for gym monitoring and performance tracking. The results of this project have the potential to benefit fitness enthusiasts, trainers, and researchers alike, providing contributions to the field of fitness technology.
The Assessment of Brain Injury with Measurement of Calcium Fluorescent Intensity of a Vital Brain Slice
Authors: Guan Yulong , Dong Peiqing , Wan Caihong , Yang Jing , He Meiling
Published: August 2023

Retrograde cerebral perfusion (RCP) is one of cerebral protection methods during deep hypothermic circulatory arrest (DHCA). However, the mechanism is unclear. In this study with laser confocal scanning microscope (LCSM), calcium fluorescent intensity of vital brain slice was compared between RCP and DHCA group. Sixteen swine, weighing from 19 – 20 kg and supplied by Beijing College of Agriculture, were used for the experiment. After 90 min of DHCA or RCP through the superior vena cava, the animals were rewarmed for 120 min. Through tentorium of the cerebellum and enucleation of the eyeball, vital brain slices (cerebellula and retina) were obtained and fluorescein labeled in artificial cerebrospinal fluid containing 5 μmol/L Fluo-3/AM (fluoresence probe). The calcium fluorescent intensity was examined by LCSM. The results indicated that calcium fluorescent intensity of vital brain slice was lower in the RCP group (cerebellula, 9.16 ± 3.98; retina, 21.48 ± 14.27) than that in the DHCA group (cerebellula, 31.97 ± 20.59; retina, 44.07 ± 21.01) (p < .05). More moderate and severe eosinophilic degeneration was found in the DHCA group than in the RCP group (p < .05) through morphological examination. The statistical analysis also indicated the calcium fluorescent intensity of the vital brain slice was correlated with the level of moderate and severe eosinophilic degeneration of thee neuron (r = 0.86, p < .05). So “calcium overload” contributes to the injury of neuron after DHCA. RCP is able to attenuate “calcium overload,” which has the effect of cerebral protection.
Comparison of Warm Blood Cardioplegia Delivery With or Without the Use of a Roller Pump
Authors: Faber Mizja M. , Noordzij Peter G. , Hennink Simon , Kelder Hans , de Vroege Roel , Waanders Frans G. , Daeter Edgar , Stehouwer Marco C.
Published: August 2023

Various techniques for administration of blood cardioplegia are used worldwide. In this study, the effect of warm blood cardioplegia administration with or without the use of a roller pump on perioperative myocardial injury was studied in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting using minimal extra-corporeal circuits (MECCs). Sixty-eight patients undergoing elective coronary bypass surgery with an MECC system were consecutively enrolled and randomized into a pumpless group (PL group: blood cardioplegia administration without roller pump) or roller pump group (RP group: blood cardioplegia administration with roller pump). No statistically significant differences were found between the PL group and RP group regarding release of cardiac biomarkers. Maximum postoperative biomarker values reached at T1 (after arrival intensive care unit) for heart-type fatty acid binding protein (2.7 [1.5; 6.0] ng/mL PL group vs. 3.2 [1.6; 6.3] ng/mL RP group, p = .63) and at T3 (first postoperative day) for troponin T high-sensitive (22.0 [14.5; 29.3] ng/L PL group vs. 21.1 [15.3; 31.6] ng/L RP group, p = .91), N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (2.1 [1.7; 2.9] ng/mL PL group vs. 2.6 [1.6; 3.6] ng/mL RP group, p = .48), and C-reactive protein (138 [106; 175] μg/mL PL group vs. 129 [105; 161] μg/mL RP group, p = .65). Besides this, blood cardioplegia flow, blood cardioplegia line pressure, and aortic root pressure during blood cardioplegia administration were similar between the two groups. Administration of warm blood cardioplegia with or without the use of a roller pump results in similar clinically acceptable myocardial protection.
Influence of a nonlinear degenerate diffusion on an advection-diffusion equation in a diffuse interface framework
Authors: Faccanoni Gloria , Galusinski Cédric
Published: August 2023

This work is motivated by the modelling a liquid-vapour flows with phase transition describing the evolution of the coolant within an heat exchanger (e.g. the core of a Pressurized Water Reactor). We investigate an advection-diffusion equation with a degenerate and nonlinear diffusion coefficient. The degeneracy corresponds to a liquid-vapor mixture in the original model whereas the diffusion coefficient is non-degenerate in the pure phase cases. We focus on the influence of the diffusion coefficient on a simple 1D configuration for which some analytical computations can be done, leading to a surprising behavior of the phase transition with respect to the diffusion.
Exploration of Translation Teaching Mode for Effective Remote Learning
Authors: Li Wang
Published: August 2023

The findings of this article suggest that both Internet-based synchronous and asynchronous teaching modes can significantly improve students’ academic performance compared to traditional face-to-face teaching. Moreover, internet-based asynchronous teaching seems to be more effective in enhancing students’ learning outcomes than synchronous teaching. This could be due to the flexibility and convenience of asynchronous learning, allowing students to learn at their own pace and time. Additionally, this article highlights the importance of remote education and management in supporting online education, especially in the context of increasing user numbers and demands within schools. Schools need to invest in high-quality remote education systems and effective management to ensure the success of online education and stay competitive in the market. Overall, the development prospects of web-based remote translation teaching mode are promising, and online education is expected to become the main trend worldwide. This highlights the need for educators and institutions to embrace technology and explore innovative teaching methods that can provide high-quality education to students anytime, anywhere.
A Case Study of the Diversity and Optimization of Mathematical Definitions and Symbolization
Authors: Yang Jun , Li Gaoping , Zeng Li , Liu Xiaoguang , Zhang Jianhua , Dai Wei , Lei Yong
Published: August 2023

Taking the idea of “reflective and critical optimization thinking”, this article first examines “the outlook on development of big mathematics” in International Mathematics Day in 2003 from the perspective of the history of mathematics. Then according to the requirements of mathematical core literacy and mathematical beauty, a deep analysis is conducted on the limitations of the teaching methods in the Turing mathematics and statistics series “Terence Tao Analysis”. The case study shows that (1) the sets, relations, functions and operations present a concentric circle relationship of layer-by-layer proper subsets; (2) rejecting mathematical notation damages the beauty of simplicity and learning efficiency; and (3) forcing the first mapping function to be a surjection unnecessarily limits the wider range of applications that composite functions can have, and it lacks the unified beauty of mathematical definitions. Finally, itemized strategies and suggestions for improvement and optimization are proposed.
The role of the audience in contemporary data art
Authors: Jia Xiaoyuan , Fang Jiafan
Published: August 2023

As a new form of contemporary art, data art has changed the audience’s artistic experience. This paper first introduces the characteristics of data art which are different from other contemporary art. Secondly, in the context of public participation in art, it explores how data art enables audiences to participate in various stages of artistic creation, so that audiences can become one of the creators rather than mere art connoisseurs. Finally, it summarizes participatory issues in different stages of data art.
A study on the memory value of industrial heritage based on space narrative - a case of urban renewal in Shanghai
Authors: Fan Yewen , Xie Xuefang
Published: August 2023

When the process of urban renewal is accelerating, the issue of preservation and utilization of cultural heritage in cities, particularly, the preservation and adaptive reuse of industrial heritage has sparked enthusiastic discussions in academia. Industrial heritage is the physical carrier symbolizing industrial civilization, and its physical presence is often the focus of people’s attention. The underlined historical, scientific, and artistic values, especially the memory and emotional values, namely its intangible value as the place spirit of industrial heritage, are often not given enough attention. However, these values are becoming increasingly important in shaping urban culture. Taking the preservation and adaptive reuse of industrial heritage in Shanghai in recent years as an example, this paper explores taking the intangible memory value of industrial sites as a narrative text to construct a narrative space for interpreting the memory and emotion of urban culture and to inherit industrial culture and place spirit. The adaptive reuse of industrial heritage will perpetuate and create new memory values through space narrative, preserve the city’s historical features, and shape the urban culture.
Diagnostik und Therapie der ankylosierenden Spondylarthritis
– ein Update
Authors: Bornemann Rahel , Randau Thomas Martin
Published: August 2023

Die ankylosierende Spondylarthritis stellt eine häufige rheumatologische
Erkrankung dar, die nach wie vor diagnostisch und therapeutisch zahlreiche
Herausforderungen bietet. Trotz besserem Verständnis der Pathogenese
bleibt die diagnostische Abgrenzung zu den häufigeren unspezifischen
Rückenschmerzen schwierig. Therapeutisch haben sich in der
medikamentösen Behandlung ebenso wie bei den chirurgischen Verfahren
neue Möglichkeiten ergeben. Der Artikel stellt ein Update zur Diagnostik
und der Therapie der AS und den Entwicklungen der letzten Jahre dar.
Walled-off Pancreatic Necrosis: Multidisciplinary Perspective
Authors: Quencer Keith B. , Gilbert Erin W. , Campos Leonardo , Jonica Emily R.
Published: August 2023

Walled-off pancreatic necrosis is a potential sequela of necrotizing pancreatitis. When drainage is indicated, such as in the setting of local complications (biliary or bowel obstruction), superinfection, or the collection causing abdominal pain, endoscopic, percutaneous, and surgical approaches are possible. Endoscopic drainage with or without placement of a luminal apposing metal stent and possible direct endoscopic necrosectomy is the preferred approach for drainage given good outcomes and patient comfort. In some cases, due to location and/or lack of a mature wall, endoscopic drainage is not possible or may be ineffective. In such cases, percutaneous and/or surgical drainage may be necessary.
Activity Measure for Postacute Care “6-Clicks” Mobility Scores Predict Length of Stay Following Hip Resurfacing
Authors: Schaffler Benjamin , Bieganowski Thomas , Arraut Jerry , Rozell Joshua C. , Schwarzkopf Ran , Marwin Scott
Published: August 2023

No studies have identified length of stay (LOS) predictors following hip resurfacing arthroplasty (HRA). The activity measure for postacute care (AM-PAC) score is a readily available tool that may allow physicians to predict LOS in patients undergoing HRA. We retrospectively reviewed patients who underwent HRA between February 2017 and April 2021. All patients completed AM-PAC mobility score on postoperative day 0. Age, American Society of Anesthesiology class, body mass index, surgical time, and Charlson comorbidity index were included as possible predictors of LOS. Predictive models were generated predictive for LOS times of more than 24 and more than 48 hours. Analysis was used to determine c. We identified 262 male patients who completed AM-PAC scores following HRA. Patients with a LOS more than 24 hours had significantly lower AM-PAC scores than patients with a LOS less than 24 hours (23.43 ± 1.37 vs. 19.76 ± 2.78; p < 0.001). Similarly, patients with a LOS more than 48 hours had significantly lower AM-PAC scores than patients with a LOS less than 48 hours (22.08 ± 2.56 vs. 18.17 ± 2.23; p < 0.001). AM-PAC scores were 84.5% accurate for predicting LOS more than 24 hours and 86.3% for LOS more than 48 hours. Patients with scores less than 23 were at higher risk for LOS more than 24 hours and less than 19 were likely to have a LOS more than 48 hours. AM-PAC scores following HRA were predictive of LOS. Providers may use the cutoffs in this analysis to determine how mobility influences LOS following HRA. This is a Level III evidence, retrospective cohort study.
Adsorption of DNA nucleobases on single-layer Ti3C2 MXene and graphene: vdW-corrected DFT and NEGF studies
Authors: Tayo Benjamin O. , Walkup Michael A. , Caliskan Serkan
Published: August 2023

We investigated the interaction of DNA nucleobases [adenine (A), guanine (G), thymine (T), and cytosine (C)] with single-layer Ti3C2 MXene using Van der Waals (vdW)-corrected density functional theory and non-equilibrium Green’s function methods. All calculations were benchmarked against graphene. We showed that depending on the initial vertical height of a nucleobase above the Ti3C2 surface, two interaction mechanisms are possible, namely, physisorption and chemisorption. For graphene, DNA nucleobases always physisorbed onto the graphene surface irrespective of the initial vertical height of the nucleobase above the graphene sheet. The PBE+vdW binding energies for graphene are high (0.55–0.74 eV) and follow the order G > A > T > C, with adsorption heights in the range of 3.16–3.22 Å, indicating strong physisorption. For Ti3C2, the PBE+vdW binding energies are relatively weaker (0.16–0.20 eV) and follow the order A > G = T > C, with adsorption heights in the range of 5.51–5.60 Å, indicating weak physisorption. The binding energies for chemisorption follow the order G > A > T > C, which is the same order for physisorption. The binding energy values (5.3–7.5 eV) indicate very strong chemisorption (∼40 times larger than the physisorption binding energies). Furthermore, our band structure and electronic transport analysis showed that for physisorption, there is neither significant variation in the band structure nor modulation in the transmission function and device density of states. The relatively weak physisorption and strong chemisorption show that Ti3C2 might not be capable of identifying DNA nucleobases using the physisorption method.
Design of vacuum system for NCST spherical tokamak
Authors: Huang Fu Hua , Xiao Dong Hua , Chen Xiao Chang , Chen Hui , Liu San Qiu
Published: August 2023

The NanChang Spherical Tokamak (NCST) is a new compact tokamak with an aspect ratio of R/a = 1.67. The vacuum system is one of the most important sub-systems of the tokamak device and has been designed especially for the NCST device. It consists of three main parts: a pumping system, a gas puffing system, and a wall conditioning system. The pumping system includes two turbo-molecular pumps, a cryopump, and two rotary pumps. The gas puffing system consists of a gas supply, transfer lines, a gas reservoir, pressure gauges, and piezoelectric valves. The wall conditioning system includes baking and glow discharge cleaning functions. The vacuum system and related experimental results are described in detail in this paper. The test results indicate that the NCST vacuum system is reliable. Inside the vessel, the ultimate pressure reached 4.2 × 10−6 Pa after 307 h of pumping. The upgraded gas puffing system can accurately control the gas entering the vacuum vessel. The wall conditioning systems, such as those for baking and glow discharge cleaning, also play a very important role in plasma operation. The plasma discharge results show that the basic function of the vacuum system meets the essential requirements of the present experiments on the NCST tokamak.
Experiment and analysis of drop-weight damping control of MR semi-active impact resistance-based hydraulic actuator
Authors: Ma Baizhou , Huang Hui , Tang Hongjian , Huang Qiufang , Lin Xiufang , Chen Shumei , Li Weiwen
Published: August 2023

The impact vibration caused by sudden changes in the external load of hydraulic actuators reduces the service life of hydraulic components and limits the high-precision applications of hydraulic actuators. Therefore, to improve the underdamped characteristics and impact resistance of valve-controlled cylinder systems, a semi-active impact resistance control of hydraulic actuator based on magnetorheological damper (MRD) is proposed. Firstly, based on the shear force characteristics of magnetorheological fluid, a multi-stage flow channel MRD is designed, which is connected in series with the hydraulic actuator to form a hydraulic damping actuator (HDA). Meanwhile, based on the mechanical experimental data, the parameters of MRD dynamic model are identified to ensure the accuracy of MRD output force. Secondly, a drop weight impact model is established, and a sliding mode controller which can track the command current in real time is designed, so as to realize the resistance force coupling between the MRD and the hydraulic actuator for improving the impact resistance control effect. Then the dynamic performance test and impact resistance simulation program are established to verify the excellent dynamic performance and impact resistance effect of the HDA with the sliding mode control. Finally, the drop weight impact experimental platform is built. The experimental results show that under the impact with a height of 200 mm, the dynamic offset of the HDA is only −1.25 mm, and the time to return to the original position is 0.08 s, which validate the excellent performance of the proposed scheme in improving the underdamped characteristics of the valve-controlled cylinder system and the dynamic response performance of the hydraulic actuator.
DEMNUni: the imprint of massive neutrinos on the cross-correlation between cosmic voids and CMB lensing
Authors: Vielzeuf Pauline , Calabrese Matteo , Carbone Carmelita , Fabbian Giulio , Baccigalupi Carlo
Published: August 2023

Cosmic voids are a powerful probe of cosmology and are one of the core observables of upcoming galaxy surveys. The cross-correlations between voids and other large-scale structure tracers such as galaxy clustering and galaxy lensing have been shown to be very sensitive probes of cosmology and among the most promising to probe the nature of gravity and the neutrino mass. However, recent measurements of the void imprint on the lensed Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) have been shown to be in tension with expectations based on LCDM simulations, hinting to a possibility of non-standard cosmological signatures due to massive neutrinos. In this work we use the DEMNUni cosmological simulations with massive neutrino cosmologies to study the neutrino impact on voids selected in photometric surveys, as well as on the void-CMB lensing cross-correlation. We show how the void properties observed in this way (size function, profiles) are affected by the presence of massive neutrinos compared to the neutrino massless case, and show how these can vary as a function of the selection method of the void sample. We comment on the possibility for massive neutrinos to be the source of the aforementioned tension. Finally, we identify the most promising setup to detect signatures of massive neutrinos in the voids-CMB lensing cross-correlation and define a new quantity useful to distinguish among different neutrino masses by comparing future observations against predictions from simulations including massive neutrinos.
Phase shifting angle interferometer
Authors: Eves B J , Leroux I D , Cen A J
Published: August 2023

A phase shifting Twymann-Green interferometer for the measurement of plane angle has been developed and characterized using a small-angle generator directly traceable to the definition of the radian. The impact of surface form on the measured angle was explored using a simple deformable mirror. The angle sensitivity of the interferometer did not depend upon the surface form. Comparison of the calibrations of two polygons and two angle gauge blocks by both the angle interferometer and a commercial autocollimator showed excellent agreement with normalized errors of less than 0.4. The standard uncertainty for the angle interferometer when measuring the polygons was less than 0.02.
Microwave assisted pyrolysis of biomass feedstock fundamentals and the effect of process parameters - A Review
Authors: Hamzah Husam Talib , Veluru Sridevi , Hasan Hikmat Mohammed , Abed Hayder Yousif , Mahdi Husam Salah , Hamdullah Noor Abdulqader , Tukarambai M. , Poiba Venkata Rao , Srikanth R.
Published: August 2023

Globally, biomass usage as a supply of non-depletable resources materials used in the production of energy at their rawest state is an issue. Pyrolysis is a method of thermally treating biomass that as a consequence in the formation of liquid, products, both solid and gaseous. Elevated heating is required to transform the complicated composition of the biomass’s underlying structure matrix into usable products. Heating with a microwave oven has the potential to become a competitive option. to more traditional methods of heating. Owing to its ease of operation and rapid heating rate, it has recently been widely employed in pyrolysis. The goals of this research are to found the principles of MW-assisted pyrolysis action and to examine some critical issues characteristics of operation that have an influence on the yield of a product. This procedure appears to be governed by a number of operational factors for instance, microwave power and temperature degree, the addition of microwave absorbers and their concentration, initial relative humidity, primary sweep gas flow rate/time spent in residence.
Hybrid Cooling System for Solar Photovoltaic Panel
Authors: Azmi M.S.F.M. , Hussain M.H. , Rahim S.R.A. , Mid E.C. , Shaari A.S. , Hashim N. , Husny N. , Ahmad M.F.
Published: August 2023

Solar photovoltaic (PV) panel is one of the renewable sources of energy and produced daily nowadays. Solar panel systems have efficiency influenced by different factors, such as ambient temperature, solar panel temperature, sunlight, weather, and irradiation. The increasing of the temperature of the solar PV panel decreases its efficiency and lifetime. Thus, to maintain and decrease the temperature of the PV cell, cooling system is required. This paper presents the hybrid (water and air) cooling system method for solar PV panel. The method has been designed and developed to lower and stable the operating temperature of the system considering different weather conditions. The results revealed that the hybrid cooling system has shown improvement of output power solar PV panel as compared with water cooling system only. Furthermore, the proposed method managed to improve efficiency approximately to 4.5%.
Effect of Surface Roughness on Sensitivity of Unclad Fiber-Optic Sensors
Authors: Hashim Azrad Mohamad , Salim Mohd Rashidi , Qazi Hummad Habib , Noor Muhammad Yusof Mohd , Azmi Asrul Izam , Ibrahim Mohd Haniff , Manap Hadi
Published: August 2023

This work presents the effect of surface roughness‘s effect on transmission characteristics and the sensitivity of unclad fiber optic sensor (FOS). A total of three samples with different surface roughness were fabricated using the chemical etching technique using different chemical solutions which are 49% hydrofluoric acid (HF), 5:1 Buffered Oxide Etchants (BOE), and 7:1 BOE to analyze the spectrum behavior and the performance of these samples. All samples were fabricated by immersing the 4 cm of sensing zone inside the chemical solution according to the etching rate of that solution. Every sample fabricated will be measured using five different concentrations of glucose which were 5g, 10g, 15g, 20g, and 25g as an experiment medium. From the measurement, the results obtained will be analyzed and the graphs were plotted. The power loss for all solutions were analyzed and the least recorded power loss is 32.49 dB exhibited by FOS fabricated in the 49% HF solution while the best sensitivity in terms of power loss is FOS fabricated in the 5:1 BOE solution with the highest sensitivity of 9.526 dB/g at 5g of glucose concentration.
Intensity Ratio Distribution in Different Dielectric Liquids using Kerr Effect Method
Authors: Zakaria Z. N. , Sanordi M. S. , Laili M. S.
Published: August 2023

Light intensity is the result from the Kerr effect measurement that can be used in determining the electric field distributions in dielectric liquids as the analysis continues afterwards. One of the most important parameters to consider in designing the Kerr effect experiment is the Kerr constant of the test liquid. This paper aims to study and compare light intensity distribution in different dielectric liquids using Kerr effect method. Propylene carbonate, transformer oil and purified water are used as the test liquids. From the results obtained, the light intensities as a function of electric field of the test liquids are compared. With higher Kerr constant, low voltages can be applied to the test liquid but with larger optical signals. Furthermore, the length of the electrodes can be designed accordingly to suit the experimental setup.
Modelling and simulation of PLC controlled semi automatic rotary indexing system for assembly of foot valve
Authors: Cheguri Srinivas , Venkata Ramana E , Namala Kiran Kumar
Published: August 2023

A PLC controlled semi-automatic rotary indexing system for assembly of foot valve is modelled and simulated using CATIA and Automation Studio. It is comprised of part feeders (Conveyors and vibratory bowl feeder), face plate, fixtures, components of foot valve (Body, cap, seal carrier, seal and cover) and electro-pneumatic system (Electro-pneumatic pick & place system and electro-pneumatic press) which are modelled using CATIA. The kinematic model of rotary indexing mechanism is successfully verified with ADAMS. The electro-pneumatic system that involves an electro-pneumatic circuit, PLC input/output cards and necessary HMI is designed and simulated using Automation Studio. The electro-pneumatic system works under the PLC ladder logic to assemble the parts of foot valve. The semi-automatic rotary indexing system is integrated and synchronized with PLC controlled electro-pneumatic system to complete the assembly of foot valve. A digital prototype is developed and verified through simulation for kinematics and process control using ADAMS and Automation Studio respectively.
Feature extraction and classification of epileptic seizures from combined EEG and ECG signals
Authors: Zougagh Lahcen , Bouyghf Hamid , Nahid Mohammed , Ouacha Brahim
Published: August 2023

Research has been conducted to support an automatic diagnosis system that will relieve clinicians of their weary work by detecting epileptic seizures. In this paper, we suggest a novel method to automatically identify epilepsy crises based on electroencephalogram (EEG) and electrocardiogram (ECG) signals. The work to detect epileptic seizures from EEG and ECG signals is carried out in three stages. In the first stage, simultaneous EEG and ECG recordings captured from 24 channels are segmented into 10-second periods (where 23 are the EEG signals and one is the ECG signal). In the second stage, the extraction of the parameters of each channel from the time domain and, finally, the classification of the EEG and ECG signals into epileptic seizure and normal have been done using ANN. Experiment analysis shows that using the ECG signal as extra information has a high capacity for classification.
Classification Size of Underground Object from Ground Penetrating Radar Image using Machine Learning Technique
Authors: Azalan Mohd Shuhanaz Zanar , Esian Tang , Ali Hasimah , Zaidi Ahmad Firdaus Ahmad , Amran Tengku Sarah Tengku
Published: August 2023

Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) is a useful tool in detecting subsurface object or hidden structure defects However, the time-consuming problems and high requirement of professional manpower is required to analyse the GPR data. Machine learning is a tool that endowed with the ability to learn, and it can reduce time taken for the GPR data analysing. To simplify the identification process, a framework is proposed to classify the size of underground metallic pipe by using Histogram of Oriented Gradient (HOG) as a feature extraction algorithm. Two machine learning algorithms namely Support Vector Machines (SVM) and Backpropagation Neural Network were proposed to classify the size of the underground metallic pipe. As a result, the accuracy from the identification is more than 98% for both classifier algorithm.
Computer-vision-powered Automatic Waste Sorting Bin: a Machine Learning-based Solution on Waste Management
Authors: Limsila Tinapat , Sirimangkalalo Aphiphu , Chuengwutigool Wasutha , Feng Weinian
Published: August 2023

The mainstream waste separation methods – recycle bins and manual separation – are time consuming, prone to error, and human labor intensive. Robots have demonstrated their superior efficiency at repetitive task over human’s time to time again. This research implements and evaluate a computer-vision-powered Automatic Waste Sorting Bin, which is capable to classify the waste types in a short time with high efficiency. Controlled and classified using a Raspberry pi and a camera, the bin can detect the waste type and drop it in the right bin accordingly. The dataset on which the model is trained on is relatively small. An image of the waste is first captured with the camera, and then analyzed using a YOLOv5 model. Parameters that yield the optimal result are 150 epochs with a YOLOv5l with an accuracy of 93.33 %. To improve the model’s performance, we experimented with different epoch settings and measured the results. The setup proposed with this paper provides an automated solution to replace the mainstream methods of waste separation. This paper provides a low-cost and flexible solution that can be easily replicated and trained with a larger dataset to acquire a better result. Future research may reference this paper as a proof of concept and/or an implementation for a streamlined solution.
Smooth and collision-free path planning for holonomic mobile robot based RRT-Connect
Authors: Aljamali Yaaqob Saad , Juhairi Aziz Safar M.
Published: August 2023

Robot navigation is a crucial aspect of any mobile robot system. Many path planners generate a path that is zigzag in nature and contains many sharp or angular turns. Such courses are not adequate for a mobile robot to follow as it has to slow down and then speed up at these sharp turns. Thus, the integration of the smoothing function is a vital aspect to generate smooth and continuous paths. Moreover, a collision check after path smoothing needs to be accounted for a possible collision with obstacles surrounding. Herein, a path pruning algorithm is utilized to reduce the total path waypoints. Then a piecewise cubic B-spline smoothing function is applied to ensure the path is smooth and continuous. In addition, a post-smoothing collision checking and improvement algorithm based on mid-point insertion for the collide segments is proposed. Experiments and comparisons with the geometric RRT-Connect path planner have shown that the inclusion of a path pruning algorithm, smoothing function and post-smoothing collision check generates better results with reduced path length.
Numerical investigation of alpha Stirling engine performance based on ideal and actual adiabatic analysis
Authors: Salih Sajjad A. , Aljashaami Baseem A. , Alwan Naseer T. , Qasim Mohammed A. , Mola Ahmed H. , Majeed Milia H. , Shcheklein Sergey E. , Velkin Vladimir I.
Published: August 2023

This article discusses in detail the adiabatic models investigations of alpha Stirling engine with study the influence of performance factors; adiabatic analysis is a crucially effective method because it is close to the real and practical engines when compared to isothermal analysis. The numerical model was created using MATLAB software, an extremely useful tool for solving equations. The study includes two adiabatic analysis models: the ideal model, which considers heat transfer is the duty of the heater and cooler when the regenerator is ideal, and the simple model, which considers the loss and the transfer of heat between the regenerator matrix and the working fluid.
Equivalent Modeling Method for Screw Joints Based on Stiffness Calculation
Authors: Li Xiangyu , Ruan Ping , Hao Wei , Xie Meilin , Song Wei
Published: August 2023

Accurate assessment of the mechanical properties of an assembly with screw joints has to rely on the equivalent modeling of the screw joint and accurate kinetic properties analysis. In this paper, an equivalent modeling method for screw joints based on stiffness calculation is proposed. With the solid model of the screw-coupled member, the equivalent virtual material parameters that can characterize the mechanical properties of the joint surface of the coupled member are obtained by calculating the joint surface stiffness, and then the accurate parametric modeling of the screw joints is realized. In addition, the vibration modal test platform for screw joints is built. By comparing the frequency response function obtained from the experiment with that obtained from the equivalent model simulation, it is found that the errors of the 1st-order and 2nd-order bending natural frequencies of the cantilever beam are 3.96% and 5.5%, respectively, and the simulation analysis results are of high accuracy. Furthermore, by comparing the first 6th-order of natural frequencies of the cantilever beam, the maximum frequency deviation between the simulation analysis results and the test results is ≤ 7%, and the average frequency deviation is 4.67%, which can better reflect the mechanical properties of the screw joint.
Design of a Multi-DOF Structure Based on Dynamic Analysis and Autonomous Operation Algorithm
Authors: Yang Qilin , Li Huakang , Liao Hongbo , Yin Fenglong , Cao Jun , Liu Kun
Published: August 2023

Aiming at the problem of sandy soil collection, a multi-DOF mechanical structure is improved. Manipulator is developed by optimizing the integral middle boom to telescopic arm, and an automatic quick coupler is designed which is between the manipulator and the operating unit. The multi-DOF structure is analyzed based on dynamic theory, and the results of the limited operation range and the cylinder driving force are obtained, which could provide a theoretical basis for the structural design and the cylinder selection. An autonomous operation algorithm for sandy soil collection is proposed. The angle discretization method is adopted to improve collection efficiency. The model prototype is established to carry out the experimental verification. Through the test, the device in remote operation mode shows great performance in working conditions, and the autonomous operation algorithm can reduce the working intensity and risk of the operator and improve the efficiency of sandy soil operation.
Equal Strength Optimal Design of Planetary Gear Transmission
Authors: Jiao Wanming , Li Jinying
Published: August 2023

In the design of planetary gear transmission, some gears are damaged during early use because of low strength, yet some are big structure sizes with high strength. In the paper, gears’ equal strength and minimum volume of the gearbox is regarded as optimization objective, and the exterior point penalty function method is used to solve them. Last, we obtain the design parameters under the condition of equal strength of the planetary transmission. Compared to the conventional design method, the weak strength of some gears is enhanced, the whole life is increased, and the overall volume is decreased. It shows we can get ideal results by equal strength optimization in the planetary transmission design.
Electromagnetically Induced Transparent Electromagnetic Properties Based on Multimode Coupling
Authors: Tang Tingmei , Gai Dianguang , Li Hui
Published: August 2023

Metamaterials are a class of non-natural materials with special properties, the microstructure of which does not exist in nature. By artificially designing the structure of such materials, they can acquire electromagnetic properties that conventional materials in nature do not have. Electromagnetically induced transparency refers to the process of quantum interference effect between atomic energy levels in microscopic systems, which makes an energy-transmitting window appear in the original energy-absorbing region, simply put, a medium strongly absorbs a certain frequency of the light beam, and when another light beam is applied, the absorption of the first light beam by the medium will be greatly reduced or no longer absorbed. This phenomenon is called electromagnetically induced transparency, or EIT for short. In this paper, we combine the graphene material with the EIT structure to improve the manipulability of the EIT structure and obtain a controllable EIT structure based on the multi-mode coupled EIT extension.
Detection Accuracy of Colorimetric Water Quality Analyzer
Authors: Xu Dingbang , Qiu Yafeng , Yan Hao , Jin Zhao , Hou Xiaoming
Published: August 2023

The accuracy of the titration device for colorimetric water quality analysis is the key to its detection accuracy. In order to solve the problem of excessive titration of traditional Chinese medicine in the traditional titration method, a structure optimization scheme of a micro-peristaltic pump applied to a water quality analyzer was designed. By analyzing the phenomenon of periodic water backflow and the “creep” of the pump tube when the peristaltic pump is working, the pump tube is changed from a traditional circular section to an elliptical section; the eccentricity of the pump tube section is adjusted to improve the pressure characteristics of the pump tube and reduce the effect of the “creep”; Ansys is used for solid-fluid coupling and simulation and compared with the experimental results, and the reasons for the differences are analyzed. The experiment proves that the design scheme can improve the stability of the output flow compared with the original design, and the degree of reflux is also reduced to 20.72%, which meets the need of improving the detection accuracy of the water quality analyzer.
Position-Capacity Optimization Method for Distributed Photovoltaic Accessing to Distribution Network Based on PV Load Uncertainty Quantification
Authors: Jia Yuxin , Li Qiong , Chen Yaqi , Wu Yihui , Jin Shengchao
Published: August 2023

As the proportion of photovoltaic grid-connected systems increases year by year, the uncertainty of photovoltaic output and load has an increasingly significant impact on the stable operation of the distribution network. In this paper, a photovoltaic access location-capacity optimization method in distribution lines based on the quantification of photovoltaic-load uncertainty is proposed, and the uncertainty propagation of the PV load model parameters in the distribution network power flow calculation node voltage output model is analyzed. This paper proposed an improved Sobol’s method based on polynomial development to quantitatively evaluate the uncertain impact of photovoltaic load parameters, constructed a photovoltaic access location-capacity evaluation model for distribution lines based on uncertainty quantitative assessment, optimized the access capacity of nodes by using the goal function of line loss minimization, and finally verified the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method by improving the IEEE33 node.
Realization of Graphene-based Quantum Hall Resistance Standard
Authors: Song Hailong , Cai JianZhen , Wang XueShen , Wang Hui , Li YanFeng , Huang XiaoDing
Published: August 2023

Quantum Hall Resistance (QHR) standard replaced the physical resistance standard as a primary standard. Traditional QHR standard needs liquid helium to operate, which limits the application of the QHR standard. A graphene-based QHR standard with G-M cryocooler is realized, which does not need liquid helium and has been in operation continuously with high performance. It can meet extensive needs of accurate measurement of precision resistors and helps to promote the development of traceability flattening.
Cross-Linked Polybenzimidazoles Containing Porous Organic Cages for High-Temperature Proton Conduction
Authors: Dong Shuda , Feng Xiao
Published: August 2023

We prepared a series of porous organic cages (POCs) with cross-linked polybenzimidazole membranes. Because of the introduction of the POC with numerous amine groups and ultramicroporous structures in the polymers, which enhanced the PA interactions and increased free volume, the POC-PBI membranes exhibited better proton conductivity and higher acid uptake. 20%-POC-OPBI showed the highest conductivity at 47.2 mS cm−1, followed by OPBI at 27.2 mS cm−1.
Fracture Failure Assessment Analysis and Process Improvement of Vessel Bending Test
Authors: Zhang Pugen
Published: August 2023

The high-purity ethylene dichloride (EDC) head tower is an important pressure vessel in the vinyl chloride production process. During the manufacturing process, the bending test of 2 product specimens broke. In this paper, the failure analysis of the bending test fracture of the welding test plate was carried out, and a systematic analysis, including chemical composition, mechanical properties, and microstructure, was carried out. The causes of fracture of welded test plates during the manufacturing process of the head tower were studied. The results show that the incorrect heat treatment process leads to the extension strength, hardness, and impact performance, being lower than the standard requirements. The combined fracture analysis shows that the material is brittle, which makes the welding test board brittle fracture. At the same time, metallographic analysis shows that the steel is tempered. The comprehensive performance of duplex stainless steel in the tempered state is significantly lower than the original solid solution heat treatment performance. Thus, the bending test fracture of the welding test board of the equipment is caused by the improper heat treatment process, resulting in the microstructure and performance of the material not meeting the relevant requirements. According to the cause of the fracture, the heat treatment and welding process are improved. The heat treatment was carried out first, and then the duplex steel was welded to prevent the heat treatment state of the duplex steel supply from changing. Finally, a qualified specimen was obtained.