bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Visible part prediction and temporal calibration for pedestrian detection
Authors: Yang Peiyu , Li Weixi , Wang Lu , Xu Lisheng , Deng Qingxu
Published: August 2022

Despite their great advancement, current pedestrian detection methods focus on single static images, which fail to employ richer information available from the video sequences. Compared with still images, videos can offer temporal information of objects in the time dimension, thus providing the potential to obtain more robust detection performance. Here, a novel pedestrian detection method based on visible part detection and temporal calibration is proposed. Specifically, a part‐aware module to predict the visible body part of each pedestrian instance, which enables us to obtain precise motion information of partially occluded pedestrians in a video sequence, is first developed. Then, the temporal coherence for each pedestrian instance based on the predicted motion information is constructed. After that, an adaptive temporal calibration method is introduced to effectively calibrate the final detection result. This method on two video pedestrian detection benchmarks, that is, Caltech‐New and MOT17Det, is evaluated. Experimental results show that this method performs favourably against existing pedestrian detection approaches.
Nano-grain depletion in photon-dominated regions
Authors: Schirmer T. , Ysard N. , Habart E. , Jones A. P. , Abergel A. , Verstraete L.
Published: August 2022

Context. Carbonaceous nano-grains play a fundamental role in the physico-chemistry of the interstellar medium (ISM) and especially of photon-dominated regions (PDRs). Their properties vary with the local physical conditions and affect the local chemistry and dynamics.

Aims. We aim to highlight the evolution of carbonaceous nano-grains in three different PDRs and propose a scenario of dust evolution as a response to the physical conditions.

Methods. We used Spitzer/IRAC (3.6, 4.5, 5.8, and 8 µm) and Spitzer/MIPS (24 µm) together with Herschel/PACS (70 µm) to map dust emission in IC63 and the Orion Bar. To assess the dust properties, we modelled the dust emission in these regions using the radiative transfer code SOC together with the THEMIS dust model.

Results. Regardless of the PDR, we find that nano-grains are depleted and that their minimum size is larger than in the diffuse ISM (DISM), which suggests that the mechanisms that lead nano-grains to be photo-destroyed are very efficient below a given critical size limit. The evolution of the nano-grain dust-to-gas mass ratio with both G0 and the effective temperature of the illuminating star indicates a competition between the nano-grain formation through the fragmentation of larger grains and nano-grain photo-destruction. We modelled dust collisions driven by radiative pressure with a classical 1D approach to show that this is a viable scenario for explaining nano-grain formation through fragmentation and, thus, the variations observed in nano-grain dust-to-gas mass ratios from one PDR to another.

Conclusions. We find a broad variation in the nano-grain dust properties from one PDR to another, along with a general trend of nano-grain depletion in these regions. We propose a viable scenario of nano-grain formation through fragmentation of large grains due to radiative pressure-induced collisions.
A hybrid simulated annealing algorithm to estimate a better upper bound of the minimal total cost of a transportation problem with varying demands and supplies
Authors: Juman Z. A. M. S. , Hoque M. A. , Al-Mudahka Intesar
Published: August 2022

Minimizing the total cost of transportation of a homogeneous product from multiple sources to multiple destinations when demand at each source and supply at each destination are deterministic and constant is commonly addressed in the literature. However, in practice, demand and supply may fluctuate within a certain range due to variations of the global economy. Subsequently, finding the upper bound of the minimal total cost of this transportation problem with varying demands and supplies (TPVDS) is NP hard. Yet, bounding the minimal total cost is of prime importance for financial sustainability. Although the lower bound of the minimal total cost can be methodologically attained, determining the exact upper bound is challenging. Herein, we demonstrate that existing methods may underestimate this upper minimal total cost bound. We therefore propose an alternative efficient and robust method that is based on the hybridization of simulated annealing and steepest descent. We provide theoretical evidence of its good performance in terms of solution quality and prove its superiority in comparison to existing techniques. We further validate its performance on benchmark and newly generated instances. Finally, we exemplify its utility on a real-world TPVDS.
Flipping the Teachers: Impact of a Standardized Physiology Curriculum on Neonatology Medical Educators
Authors: Johnston Lindsay C. , Falck Alison J. , Vasquez Margarita M. , Dadiz Rita , French Heather , Izatt Susan , Bonachea Elizabeth , Karpen Heidi E. , Carbajal Melissa M. , Payne Allison , Gillam-Krakauer Maria , Gray Megan M.
Published: August 2022

Objective Academic physicians must teach elements in an Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME)-mandated curriculum while balancing career development and clinical workload. Exploring educator perceptions on the learning environment and comparing two instructional methods (traditional didactics [TD] vs. flipped classroom [FC]) in one pediatric subspecialty may elucidate current challenges, barriers, and strategies to optimize learning and educator satisfaction.

Study Design A randomized trial comparing effectiveness and learner preference for FC versus TD physiology teaching was conducted in ACGME-accredited neonatal-perinatal medicine (NPM) fellowship programs in 2018 to 2019. Educator preferences were elicited through online surveys pre- and postintervention. Free-text comments were provided for questions exploring strengths, challenges, and opportunities in fellowship education. Statistical analysis included comparisons of demographics and pre–post-intervention educator responses between groups. Thematic analysis of text responses was conducted to identify common subthemes.

Results From 61 participating programs, 114 FC educators and 130 TD educators completed surveys. At baseline, all educators experienced professional satisfaction from teaching fellows, but noted challenges with time available to create and/or deliver educational content, limited content expertise amongst faculty, colleagues' limited enthusiasm toward educating fellows, and lack of perceived value of education by institutions given limited protected time or credit toward promotion. Postintervention, educators in both groups noted a preference to teach physiology using FC due to interactivity, learner enthusiasm, and learner-centeredness. FC educators had a 17% increase in preference to teach using FC (p = 0.001). Challenges with FC included ensuring adequate trainee preparation, protecting educational time, and providing educators with opportunities to develop facilitation skills.

Conclusion Overall, NPM educators in a trial evaluating a standardized, peer-reviewed curriculum report professional satisfaction from teaching, but described logistical challenges with developing/delivering content. Educators preferred instruction using FC, but identified challenges with learner preparedness and ensuring adequate educator time and skill. Future efforts should be dedicated to addressing these barriers.

Key Points
The transformation of the lilong form: a morphological study on changing boundaries
Authors: Zhai Yuqi , Tong Ming
Published: August 2022

The boundary, both as social norm and physical form, is an essential element in the development of the structure of urban form. This article explores the role of boundaries: (1) through the transformation of the lilong form in Shanghai by means of a case study of the Guizhou lilong block and (2) through the extension of the methodology of morphological study. In the urbanization of China, the lilong form tracks successive organizational shifts in society. Over one hundred years, the micro-scale changes of boundaries transformed the morphology of the Guizhou lilong block from a single-family residence to a mass housing block. Accordingly, the morphological study of the boundaries in Guizhou lilong block shows how its form was changed by changing regulations applied to it as well as its changing communities. This article uses two-dimensional drawings to investigate the change of boundaries over time extending the Conzen tradition and the understanding of how the social system defines the urban form. Consequently, this article makes an argument for understanding the effect on boundaries of both the conflict and the cooperation between the authorities and the inhabitants in a morphological study following the Conzen School.
Simulations of the Waroona fire using the coupled atmosphere–fire model ACCESS-Fire
Authors: Peace Mika , Greenslade Jesse , Ye Hua , Kepert Jeffrey D.
Published: August 2022

The Waroona fire burned 69 000 ha south of Perth in January 2016. There were two fatalities and 170 homes were lost. Two evening ember storms were reported and pyrocumulonimbus (pyroCb) cloud developed on consecutive days. The extreme fire behaviour did not reconcile with the near- surface conditions customarily used to assess fire danger. A case study of the fire (Peace et al. 2017) presented the hypothesis that the evening ember storms resulted from interactions between the above-surface wind fields, local topography and the fire plume. The coupled fire–atmosphere model ACCESS-Fire has been run in order to explore this hypothesis and other aspects of the fire activity, including the pyroCb development. ACCESS-Fire incorporates the numerical weather prediction model ACCESS (Australian Community Climate and Earth System Simulator, described by Puri et al. 2013) and a fire spread component. In these simulations, the Dry Eucalypt Forest Fire (Vesta) fire spread model is used. In this study we first show that the reconstruction of surface fire spread and simulated fire spread are a good match for the first day; second, we show that the model produces deep moist convection as an indicator of pyrocumulonimbus cloud and, third, we show the fire–atmosphere interactions surrounding the ember showers provided an environment conducive to the observed mass spotting. The simulation results demonstrate that ACCESS-Fire is a tool that may be used to further explore the complex processes and potential impacts surrounding pyroCb development and short-distance ember transport.
Frequency dependencies of the characteristics of an inductively coupled radiofrequency discharge at reduced pressure
Authors: Terentev T N , Shemakhin A Yu , Samsonova E S , Zheltukhin V S
Published: August 2022

The dependence of parameters of an inductively coupled radiofrequency plasma on the electromagnetic field frequency in range 0.25–40 MHz at reduced pressure (113 Pa) was studied. The study was carried out in a 2D axisymmetric time-dependent setting, implemented in the Comsol multiphysics software package using the Navier–Stokes equations, continuity equation for electron density, electron energy density equation, ion density equation, metastable atom density equation, heat transfer equation, Maxwell and Poisson equations for electromagnetic fields. The distributions of the plasma parameters at the output of the discharge tube in dependence on electromagnetic field frequency were obtained. It was found that the dependences of the electron density, electron temperature, and gas temperature on the field frequency are non-linear. The maximum value of these quantities were achieved at different frequencies depending on the discharge power. A mechanism relating the frequency and power to the shift in the positions of the maxima of these plasma parameters is proposed.
Anisotropies in cosmological 21 cm background by oscillons/I-balls of ultra-light axion-like particle
Authors: Kawasaki Masahiro , Miyazaki Kazuyoshi , Murai Kai , Nakatsuka Hiromasa , Sonomoto Eisuke
Published: August 2022

Ultra-light axion-like particle (ULAP) with mass m ∼ 10-22 eV has
recently been attracting attention as a possible solution to the small-scale crisis. ULAP forms
quasi-stable objects called oscillons/I-balls, which can survive up to a redshift z ∼ 10 and
affect the structure formation on a scale ∼ 𝒪(0.1) Mpc by amplifying the
density fluctuations. We study the effect of oscillons on 21 cm anisotropies caused by neutral
hydrogen in minihalos. It is found that this effect can be observed in a wide mass range by
future observations such as Square Kilometer Array (SKA) if the fraction of ULAP to the total dark
matter density is 𝒪(0.01 – 0.1).
Cogenesis of Baryon asymmetry and gravitational dark matter from primordial black holes
Authors: Barman Basabendu , Borah Debasish , Jyoti Das Suruj , Roshan Rishav
Published: August 2022

We propose a scenario where dark matter (DM) with a wide mass range from a few keV to PeV can be produced solely from evaporating primordial black holes (PBH), while being consistent with the required free streaming length for structure formation. If DM does not have any other interactions apart from gravity and the universe has a PBH dominated phase at early epoch, then PBH evaporation typically leads to overproduction of DM in this mass range. By incorporating this gravitational DM within a Type-I seesaw scenario with three right handed neutrinos (RHN), we bring the abundance of PBH generated DM within observed limits by late entropy injection due to decay of one of the RHNs, acting as the diluter. The diluter, due to its feeble coupling with the bath particles, gets produced primarily from the PBH evaporation thereby leading to the second stage of early matter domination after the end of PBH dominated era. The other two RHNs contribute to the origin of light neutrino mass and also lead to the observed baryon asymmetry via leptogenesis with contributions from both thermally and PBH generated RHNs. The criteria of DM relic and baryon asymmetry can be satisfied simultaneously if DM mass gets restricted to a ballpark in the MeV-GeV regime with the requirement of resonant leptogenesis for heavier DM mass in order to survive the large entropy dilution at late epochs.
Freeze-in and freeze-out of sterile neutrino dark matter
Authors: Coy Rupert , Schmidt Michael A.
Published: August 2022

A sterile neutrino with a keV-scale mass is a compelling dark matter candidate. We propose a new production mechanism involving the decay and annihilation of a complex scalar singlet with a Higgs portal coupling which develops a vacuum expectation value. The interactions of the resulting pseudo Nambu-Goldstone boson may thermalise the dark sector.
We determine the region of parameter space where dark sector thermalisation is reached and discuss the most relevant cosmological observables.
The scenario can be considered as the combination of a freeze-in of the dark sector followed by relativistic freeze-out.
Effective field theory of gravitating continuum: solids, fluids, and aether unified
Authors: Aoki Katsuki , Gorji Mohammad Ali , Mukohyama Shinji , Takahashi Kazufumi
Published: August 2022

We investigate the relativistic effective field theory (EFT) describing a non-dissipative gravitating continuum. In addition to ordinary continua, namely solids and fluids, we find an extraordinary more symmetric continuum, aether. In particular, the symmetry of the aether concludes that a homogeneous and isotropic state behaves like a cosmological constant. We formulate the EFT in the unitary/comoving gauge in which the dynamical degrees of freedom of the continuum (phonons) are eaten by the spacetime metric. This gauge choice, which is interpreted as the Lagrangian description in hydrodynamics, offers a neat geometrical understanding of continua. We examine a thread-based spacetime decomposition with respect to the four-velocity of the continuum which is different from the foliation-based Arnowitt-Deser-Misner one. Our thread-based decomposition respects the symmetries of the continua and, therefore, makes it possible to systematically find invariant building blocks of the EFT for each continuum even at higher orders in the derivative expansion. We also discuss the linear dynamics of the system and show that both gravitons and phonons acquire “masses” in a gravitating background.
Exploring fundamental laws of classical mechanics via predicting the orbits of planets based on neural networks
Authors: Zhang Jian , Liu Yiming , Tu Zhanchun
Published: August 2022

Neural networks have provided powerful approaches to solve various scientific problems. Many of them are even difficult for human experts who are good at accessing the physical laws from experimental data. We investigate whether neural networks can assist us in exploring the fundamental laws of classical mechanics from data of planetary motion. Firstly, we predict the orbits of planets in the geocentric system using the gate recurrent unit, one of the common neural networks. We find that the precision of the prediction is obviously improved when the information of the Sun is included in the training set. This result implies that the Sun is particularly important in the geocentric system without any prior knowledge, which inspires us to gain Copernicus’ heliocentric theory. Secondly, we turn to the heliocentric system and make successfully mutual predictions between the position and velocity of planets. We hold that the successful prediction is due to the existence of enough conserved quantities (such as conservations of mechanical energy and angular momentum) in the system. Our research provides a new way to explore the existence of conserved quantities in mechanics system based on neural networks.
Conditioning diffusion processes with killing rates
Authors: Mazzolo Alain , Monthus Cécile
Published: August 2022

When the unconditioned process is a diffusion submitted to a space-dependent killing rate

k

(

x

→

)

, various conditioning constraints can be imposed for a finite time horizon T. We first analyze the conditioned process when one imposes both the surviving distribution at time T and the killing-distribution for the intermediate times t ∈ [0, T]. When the conditioning constraints are less-detailed than these full distributions, we construct the appropriate conditioned processes via the optimization of the dynamical large deviations at level 2.5 in the presence of the conditioning constraints that one wishes to impose. Finally, we describe various conditioned processes for the infinite horizon T → +∞. This general construction is then applied to two illustrative examples in order to generate stochastic trajectories satisfying various types of conditioning constraints: the first example concerns the pure diffusion in dimension d with the quadratic killing rate

k

(

x

→

)

=
γ

x

→

2

, while the second example is the Brownian motion with uniform drift submitted to the delta killing rate k(x) = kδ(x) localized at the origin x = 0.
3rd International Conference on Mathematics and Applied Sciences (ICMAS), College of Education, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq in 23-24 March, 2022.
Authors: Abid Salah Hamza , Obaid Ahmed J. , Eidi Jaafer Hmood
Published: August 2022

ICMAS Conference Proceeding is the 3rd Edition of the College of Education, Mustansiriyah University Conferences. ICMAS involved Our Peer-Reviewed Papers that were reviewed and presented through the 3rd International Conference on Mathematics and Applied Sciences (ICMAS) held in the College of Education, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq, from 23 to 24 March 2022. ICMAS Aims to bring together all aspects and research works in a scientific platform to discuss the latest and new trends in topics covered under broad areas such as (but not limited to): Functional, Nodal, and Mathematical Analysis, Dynamic Systems, and Control Systems, Statistics and Operations Research, Numerical Analysis, Differential Equations and Optimization, Algebra, Topological Aspects, Plasma, and Theoretical Physics, Materials Physics, Materials Analysis, Characterization, Optics, Quantum Optics and Lasers, Mathematical Physics, Applied Physics, Statistical physics, Nonlinear systems, Networking, Communications, Image Processing, Data Security, Vacuum Science, Information Technology and Its Applications. The conference is co-published by Journal of Physics: Conference Series, ISSN: 1742-6588, 1742-6596.

List of Conference Committees, Organizing Committee, Scientific Committee, International Committee, Conference Tracks, Invited Speakers, Organizing Institutions, Conference Proceeding of 1st Day (23 March 2022), Conference Sessions (Day 1: 23 March 2022), Conference Sessions (Day 2: 24 March 2022), Wishing to Participate with our Next Conference are available in the pdf
Using Simulation to Estimate Reliability Function for Lomax-Rayleigh Distribution
Authors: Salih Makki A. Mohammed , Kahmees Ahmed Jasim
Published: August 2022

In this paper, the reliability of the Lomax-Rayleigh distribution were estimated by each of the Moments method, the Modification moments method, the Percentile method, the Maximum likelihood estimation method, White and new White method. Simulation was used to generate different sample sizes required for estimation, and the mean square error criterion was adopted to compare between the estimators obtained from the estimation methods. These results showed:

The maximum likelihood estimation method is better than other methods in all experiments taken for parameter values and sample sizes.
Oscillatory properties of third order neutral dynamic equations
Authors: Ahmed Faten Abbas , Mohamad Hussain Ali
Published: August 2022

Oscillatory properties of third-order half-linear neutral dynamic equations were investigated in this paper. Some conditions are obtained to ensure the oscillation of all solutions of a neutral dynamic equation with several coefficients and several variable delays, t ∈ [t0, ∞)𝕋, where γ > 0 is a quotient of odd positive integers, , and , and the results are supported by illustrative examples.
Best co-proximal and Co-chebyshev of unbounded functions.
Authors: auad Alaa adnan , Klaeif Alaa Hussain
Published: August 2022

The aim of this paper, we introduced some result of best co-approximation specifications of co-proximal and co-chebyshev of unbounded functions in weighted spaces. Also, we discuss some properties of best co-proximal and Co-chebyshev of un bounded functions which gives basic definitions and necessary concepts are convexity, orthogonlity and closed which helps us in the proofs of main results. In addition to that verification, when the function is multiplied by a constant, it maintains its properties.
Transformed Semicircular Exponentiated Weibull Distribution
Authors: Oleiwi N A , Abid S H , Al-Noor N H
Published: August 2022

In this paper, a new transformed Semicircular Exponentiated Weibull (
SEW
) distribution of three parameters is constructed by applying the transformation of the inverse stereographic projection that maps a real line to the unit circle. The cumulative distribution function, probability density function, expanded probability density function, and reliability measures are presented. Furthermore, the most important statistical aspects of this new distribution, such as moments, trigonometric moments, characteristic function, simulated data, quantile function, reliability stress strength model, Shannon entropy, and relative entropy are obtained. The maximum likelihood estimation method is implemented to estimate the unknown three parameters. A simulation study is conducted to detect empirically the behaviors of the maximum likelihood estimates of the
SEW
parameters for different default values of the parameters and different samples size.
On Bayesian Estimation in Multi - Component Inverted Exponential Stress-Strength Model
Authors: Kamel Isaam , Khalid lina
Published: August 2022

In this paper we find the mathematical formula of the reliability system for Multi component in stress-strength model Rp, when the stress and strength are identical random variables distributed as inverted exponential distribution, in addition estimated the reliability Rpusing : the maximum likelihood estimator (MLE) and the Bayes (B) method, and made a comparisons among the estimation methods using Monte-Carlo simulation depend on the mean square Error (MSE) criteria.
Properties (RB) and (gRB) for Bounded Linear Operators
Authors: Mehd Sadiq A. , Mohsen Salim Dawood , Fari Mohammed J.
Published: August 2022

In this article, we consider pseudo invertible operators for study of the relationship between the space of relatively regular operators and some generalizations of Weyl and Browder theorems. By using the analysis and representation of pseudo invertible operators, some new properties in connection with Browder’s type theorems, were presented for bounded linear operators T ∈ B(X). These properties, which we refer to as property (RB), imply that All poles of the resolvent of T of finite rank in the typical spectrum are precisely those places of the spectrum for which a reasonably regular operator with its pseudo inverse operator is surjective. (γI – T)† ∈ SU(X), In the usual spectrum, the set of all poles of the resolvent is exactly those points of the spectrum for which we call property (gRB). γI – T is a B-relatively regular operator with its pseudo inverse operator is surjective (γI – T)† ∈ SU(X). In addition, several sufficient and necessary conditions for which properties (RB) and (gRB) hold are given.
Some examples of discrete and continues Beurling prime systems
Authors: Hamza Huda S. , Al-Maamori Faez
Published: August 2022

Beurling in 1937 stated that any infinite and positive real sequence such that the first element must precisely>1 called a generalized primes. Further, the sequence of Beurling integers can be build by using the fundamental theorem of arithmetic’s. This article focus on addressing an examples of discrete and continues beurling’s prime systems. The difficulty of this work is when you have a discrete prime system then its possible to build a continuous prime system, while the converse is impossible mostly. Further, this work shows the relation between Beurling counting functions and Beurling Zeta function as well.
Stress – strength p(X<Y<Z) reliability of n-cascade system for the new Weibull-pareto distribution
Authors: Jasem Haneen A , Karam Nada S
Published: August 2022

In this paper, is derived the reliability of an n-cascade stress-strength system based on the New Weibull-Pareto Distribution (NWPD) with known β and θ parameters, λ unknown λ parameter, for probability of n- components having X, Z two stresses between them strengths Y. In NWPD, there are four methods of parameters and this system reliability estimators (the Maximum Likelihood, Moments, Least Square and Weighted Least Square Methods) are discussed, based estimators on the simulation technique, these estimates are compared by criteria the mean square error were used to compare small, medium and large samples. It has been concluded that the greatest maximum likelihood estimator performs all of the other options considered.
Simulation of positive streamer discharges in transformer oil
Authors: Al-rawaf Ali F. , Khalaf Thamir H.
Published: August 2022

To reveal the impact of formation and development of the streamer discharge on the dielectric liquid formed between pin-plate electrodes, a numerical model of transformer oil discharge in the electrode system is built which is based on the continuity equations coupled with Poisson’s equation. The influence of applied impulse voltage parameters such as rise time and voltage magnitude on the formation and development of the streamer discharge is evaluated in this model. In addition, the characteristic of the streamer discharge such as streamer velocity, electric field, and radius of streamer head have been investigated. Modeling results reveal that the higher impulse voltage amplitude form streamer discharges with longer paths, thicker columns, higher velocity, and greater radius. In addition, we find that the radius of the streamer head is greatly affected by the percentage of the predetermined electric field tube at the head, and slightly affected when streamer length increased. Modeling results also showed that the rise times had a clear effect on the radius streamer discharge and the distribution of electric fields.
Preparation of TiO2:PMMA:PVA nanocomposite thin film as a smart coating as the self-cleaning application
Authors: Mutter Mahdi M. , Khalil Souad G. , Ismael Mohammed E. , Jabbar Rashid H.
Published: August 2022

In this work, the TiO2: PMMA: PVA as a superhydrophilic coating was synthesized on a glasses substrate for self-cleaning application. The coating was prepared from a composite of ranging nanosized particles of titanium dioxide (TiO2), poly(methyl methacrylates) (PMMA), and Poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) by using the sol-gel method with an ultrasonic bath and deposited the coating by using rainfall spraying. Two ratios used to prepare the coating were TiO2: PMMA: PVA (1:5:2 and 2:4:2) wt%. The characterization of the synthesized coating was done by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and atomic force microscopy (AFM) analysis; also, the superhydrophilic was characterized analysis. The results of XRD showed TiO2-type rutile. The results of AFM images showed the average grain size distribution was (76.6, 79) nm and roughness was (16.998, 11.010) nm for 1:5:2 and 2:4:2, respectively. The water contact angle (WCA) of coated is maintained as low as (5.982°, 7.461°) for 1:5:2 and 2:4:2, respectively. The results showed the surface of the coating was superhydrophilic with good characterizations.
Solvent Effect on the spectral and photophysical properties of the Acridone
Authors: Mohi Ali Taher , Alreda Haydar Abd Alkarim Abd
Published: August 2022

UV/Vis absorption, emission, and excitation spectroscopy with various solvents (dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), N,N-Dimethylformamide (DMF), and tetrahydrofuran (THF) and Acetone) at two concentrations (10−4 and 10−5) Mol/L were used to investigate the spectra and photophysical properties of Acridone. Using the integrated emission spectra, the fluorescence quantum yields are calculated. The emission maxima were determined using the red absorption band’s positions and bandwidths. The maximum absorption and emission wavelengths were found to be 390–399 nm and 399–413 nm, respectively, resulting in Stokes shifts of 318.05 and 1142.62 cm-1. Fluorescence spectra have a broad spectral range so that as concentration is increased, each peak shifts toward a long wavelength. It has been discovered that as concentrations increase, the quantum efficiency decreases. The fluorescence quantum yield magnitude is affected by solvents, with THF having the highest value.
222Rn concentrations in building materials using RAD-7 device
Authors: Soleman Ehsan Abdul Hussein , Karim Mahmood Salim
Published: August 2022

In the current work, we measured radon gas concentration (CRn) in (15) samples of building materials for (8) types (mosaic, marble, granite, porcelain, ceramic, brick, block, and stone) obtained from various international sources available in the local markets from During the emission of 222Rn and by means of the American-made device (RAD7), the results showed that the highest CRn to the air emitted from samples of building materials was in the porcelain sample (origin of china), where the average concentration was (120.74 Bq / m3), while it was found that the lowest average CRn in building materials samples in the marble sample (origin of Turkey) which amounted to (15.5 Bq/m3). Observing the current results, it was confirmed that the concentration of 222Rn emitted into the air in all samples of building materials (mosaic, marble, granite, porcelain, ceramic, brick, block, and stone) is less than the permissible limit from the agency (ICRP).
Traffic Management in Ad-Hoc Network by Selection of Suitable Routing Protocol
Authors: Yadav Shalini , Rishi Rahul , Singh Yudhvir , Hussein Zaid khudhur , Ibrahim Ahmed Ayoob , Ettyem Sajjad Ali
Published: August 2022

The need for traffic management has risen at the same pace as the number of cars has changed dramatically. Even though VANET and MANET have seen tremendous growth, traffic management is still essential. There is a demand for effective traffic management among the vehicles, which necessitates their communication ability. Routing protocols facilitate the transmission of data between vehicles. There are several routing protocols in a MANET, and choosing the optimal one is challenging. The IEEE802.11p standard is used for data transfer via routing protocols in the current operational environment. C-V2X is a developing technology superior to IEEE802.11p in terms of efficiency. Qualcomm is the creator of C-V2X. AODV, AMODV, and MDART are some appropriate routing protocols for evaluation. The Average End-to-End Delay, Average Throughput, and Packet Delivery Ratio of each protocol are analyzed. The Network Simulator 2.35 (NS2) simulates these routing protocols. This article concludes that the performance of C-V2X using AOMDV protocols is superior to that of IEEE802.11p. This research claims that AOMDV’s architecture might be improved to provide more accurate figures for the average end-to-end latency.
Flexible miniaturized thin film thermocouples arrays for high temperature applications
Authors: Liu Yang , Jiang Hongchuan , Zhao Xiaohui , Deng Xinwu , Zhang Wanli
Published: August 2022

Thin film thermocouples (TFTCs) are critical for surface temperature measurements of hot components in high temperature environments. In this paper, miniaturized Pt/Pt-10%Rh thin film thermocouple arrays were fabricated on flexible Hastelloy substrates by magnetron sputtering. The morphology and microstructure of Al2O3/Y2O3 insulating films were investigated by a field-emission scanning electron microscope with an energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy system. The thermoelectric performance of the TFTCs arrays was investigated by cyclic calibration and bending tests. During the whole calibration process, the average maximum temperature differences (ΔT′ ) of measuring points 2, 3, and 4 are 637 °C, 617 °C, and 574 °C, respectively, which differ from the maximum temperature difference (ΔT
max
) of measuring point 1 by -13 °C, -34 °C, and -76 °C, respectively. The calibration results show that each single measuring point has good repeatability and stability during the five calibration processes, and the temperature difference between multiple measuring points is obvious, stable and reliable. The thermoelectric properties of the thin film thermocouple arrays barely change after 10,000 cyclic bending tests.
Investigation of the photoisomerization property of donor-acceptor Stenhouse adducts on ester-modified glass
Authors: Duan Yongli , Sun Fanxi , Gao Ang , Zheng Yonghao , Wang Dongsheng
Published: August 2022

The isomerization process of donor-acceptor Stenhouse adducts (DASAs) is closely related to its surrounded physicochemical environment, this work focuses on the promotion of ester-modified glass fiber to the isomerization process of DASAs compared with the untreated glass fiber. The ester-modified glass fiber is prepared through a two-stage method, the coating procedure is stepwise monitored through the scanning electron microscope(SEM) and the energy dispersive spectrometer(EDS). The ester functional groups on the outmost layer of glass fiber act as a catalyst, lowering the energy level of the intermediate state of DASAs and therefore promoting isomerization performance of DASAs where the time to reach cyclic dominant states shorten from 116 s to 82 s and the efficiency of cyclic-to-linear increased almost 6 folds.
Research on Surface Metallization of Polyimide Film
Authors: Wang Nan , Zhao Lianjing , Bai Jingying , Xu Junjie , He Yanlong , Dong Junwei , Zhang Ligong
Published: August 2022

In order to make the Polyimide (PI) film material have good surface conductivity and meet its application in aerospace fields, for example, radar antenna, in this paper, the highly chemically inert PI material on the surface was modified by alkaline etching, and the metal layer on the surface of PI film was then deposited by electroless copper plating technology, to give PI good surface conductivity and meet its application in aerospace fields, for example, radar antenna. The microstructure and properties of surface metal layer of PI film before and after surface modification were characterized by SEM, contact angle tester and resistance tester. After alkaline etching at room temperature, there is a staggered and evenly distributed protrusion structure with dendritic and rivet structures on the surface of PI. However, the PI film surface etched at 60 °C presents pits with different sizes and depths of etching holes, and the hydrophilicity of the PI film surface is enhanced after etching. The coating on the PI is uniform and dense, and has good conductivity. This research realizes the preparation of high conductivity and high bonding force metal layer on the surface of PI film under alkaline etching, which provides technical support for the application of polyimide in aerospace fields.
CONCERTO: Digital processing for finding and tuning LEKIDs
Authors: Bounmy Julien , Hoarau Christophe , Macías-Pérez Juan-Francisco , Beelen Alexandre , Benoît Alain , Bourrion Olivier , Calvo Martino , Catalano Andrea , Fasano Alessandro , Goupy Johannes , Lagache Guilaine , Marpaud Julien , Monfardini Alessandro
Published: August 2022

We describe the on-line algorithms developed to probe Lumped Element Kinetic Inductance Detectors (LEKID) in this paper. LEKIDs are millimeter wavelength detectors for astronomy. LEKID arrays are currently operated in different instruments as: NIKA2 at the IRAM telescope in Spain, KISS at the Teide Observatory telescope in Tenerife, and CONCERTO at the APEX 12-meter telescope in Chile. LEKIDs are superconducting microwave resonators able to detect the incoming light at millimeter wavelengths and they are well adapted for frequency multiplexing (currently up to 360 pixels on a single microwave guide). Nevertheless, their use for astronomical observations requires specific readout and acquisition systems both to deal with the instrumental and multiplexing complexity, and to adapt to the observational requirements (e.g. fast sampling rate, background variations, on-line calibration, photometric accuracy, etc). This paper presents the different steps of treatment from identifying the resonance frequency of each LEKID to the continuous automatic control of drifting LEKID resonance frequencies induced by background variations.
Effect of stochastic resetting on Brownian motion with stochastic diffusion coefficient
Authors: Santra Ion , Basu Urna , Sabhapandit Sanjib
Published: August 2022

We study the dynamics of a Brownian motion with a diffusion coefficient which evolves stochastically. We first study this process in arbitrary dimensions and find the scaling form and the corresponding scaling function of the position distribution. We find that the tails of the distribution have exponential tails with a ballistic scaling. We then introduce the resetting dynamics where, at a constant rate, both the position and the diffusion coefficient are reset to zero. This eventually leads to a nonequilibrium stationary state, which we study in arbitrary dimensions. In stark contrast to ordinary Brownian motion under resetting, the stationary position distribution in one dimension has a logarithmic divergence at the origin. For higher dimensions, however, the divergence disappears and the distribution attains a dimension-dependent constant value at the origin, which we compute exactly. The distribution has a generic stretched exponential tail in all dimensions. We also study the approach to the stationary state and find that, as time increases, an inner core region around the origin attains the stationary state, while the outside region still has a transient distribution—this inner stationary region grows ∼t
2, i.e., with a constant acceleration, much faster than ordinary Brownian motion.
Prevention and Control of Airborne Infections; investigating the efficiency of hospital design using (AIC) evaluation tool
Authors: Guirguis Marianne Nabil , Moussa Rania Rushdy
Published: August 2022

Our world is resisting the new pandemic “severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus 2” (SARS-CoV-2) causing the disease known as COVID-19. To date, more than two hundred and three million cases were confirmed out of who more than four million died. Sharing data that will help the community to intervene with measures that will decrease the spread of the virus and protect the population is an obligation. This will help the world cope with this pandemic. This research aims to highlight the different criteria that will determine that the building of a health facility is ready to control the infection of this virus and similar airborne viruses. The research developed an evaluation tool that can be used by hospital administration to assess the hospital building readiness to prevent and control airborne infection from the viewpoint of architecture if it is an existing one or alternatively it can assess the design in case of a new hospital building, determining required roles and responsibilities.
Behavior of R.C Beams Reinforced with Onsite Manufactured GFRP shear reinforcement
Authors: Helmi Karim , Morsy Alaa M. , Menem Muntaser Blla Abdul
Published: August 2022

This paper includes an experimental program to study the shear behaviour of concrete beams reinforced in shear with fiber glass reinforced polymer GFRP and carbon fiber reinforced polymer CFRP stirrups manufactured onsite. A total of six specimens were tested to study several parameters including the type of FRP material used to manufacture the stirrups, the angle of inclination of the stirrups and the thickness to bend radius ratio (r/t) of the stirrups. The experimental results showed that the ultimate strength of beams reinforced with carbon fiber stirrups is significantly higher than that of beams reinforced with fiber glass stirrups for the same area, for the same area increasing the diameter increases the failure load and strains in the stirrups while decreasing the thickness decreases the failure load and strains in stirrups, due to the reduction of the stress concentration at the corners of the stirrups and that increasing the inclination angle of the stirrups with the horizontal increases the strain in the stirrups and ultimate strength.
Building envelope optimization technique to increase energy efficiency of office building in Egypt
Authors: Ramadan Ayah Mohamed
Published: August 2022

Sustainable design is a design strategy that aims to improve environmental quality as well as the quality of a building’s internal atmosphere by limiting negative consequences on the structure and the surrounding environment. Several new building envelope technologies and concepts have been presented as solutions for enhancing indoor comfort and lowering environmental impact during building life cycles. In Egypt, the high sensitivity to temperature fluctuations resulted in an increase in power usage to meet the necessary cooling loads. Energy simulations are a common way to improve a building’s energy efficiency. Design Builder program with the Energy Plus simulation engine was used for energy analysis of the building. This was confirmed by comparing the energy efficiency performance of selected case studies of buildings with and without a sustainable development approach. In two parametric series, an existing prototype of a residential unit module will be utilized to evaluate energy performance, co2 emission and thermal comfort. It has been discovered that a building envelope with a variety of characteristics may provide the inhabitants with the highest level of residential comfort. In comparison to similar-sized structures, the building façade decreases energy usage by 80% related to CO2 emissions, according to this study.
Testing Daylight availability for cliff dwellings by adding Clerestory: A case study in Taba, Egypt
Authors: Nabil Hala A , Fikry Ahmed A
Published: August 2022

The succession of day and night affects human beings’ psychological and health status. Therefore it is essential to transfer the proper amount of daylight. The one-directional daylight source causes the most significant problem in dwellings: the deep gloom sectors. The Clerestory is an old strategy that provides daylight and air inside zones. We develop a strategy to solve daylight problems for earth-sheltered and excavated buildings. The main goal is to measure the enhancement of daylight penetration of excavated mountainous buildings settled in cliffs at various slopes after setting Clerestory. The research presents a simulation study to test Clerestory’s capability to penetrate daylight by using the DIVA plug-in as a tool. The study model is a touristic chalet with a total built-up area of 100sq—meters in Taba, Egypt. The chalet overlooks the Red Sea with a south-oriented facade. The exposed roof’s material and the Clerestory distance inward the facade control daylight penetration and cause a homogeneous daylight distribution.
Soil-Pile Interaction for the Foundations of Bridge Abutments in Soft Clay Formations
Authors: Emara O M , Fayed A L , Arafat H , ElMossallamy Y M
Published: August 2022

The success of bridge construction and operation on soft grounds requires proper planning and execution of subsurface investigation. Embankments and/or approaches constructed on weak and compressible soils suffer from time settlement induced by the embankment loads and result in down-drag and lateral forces acting on the piles supporting the bridge abutments. The lateral loads acting on piles from the movement of soil are of significant concern in the design of pile foundations since they may result in additional straining actions and deflection in the piles. Furthermore, distress of the piles and accordingly adverse effect on the stability of the supported structures might occur due to such phenomenon. This problem is studied in this paper using the 3-D numerical modeling approach utilizing the finite element method. Verification of the developed numerical model was carried out by simulating a case study of a centrifuge test and comparing the predicted and measured results. The numerical model is used to study the effect of the developed lateral forces due to the consolidation of clay on the lateral displacement and abending moment of the adjacent piles.
Behavior of a vertical pile in loose sand under the effect of an inclined load
Authors: Abdrabbo F M , Gaaver K E , Eldooma M M
Published: August 2022

The paper investigates the behavior of single vertical steel pipe pile embedded in sand subjected to compressive inclined load through MIDAS GTS/NX 2019 FEM package. The effect of the loading inclination angle and pile length and diameter on the performance of the pile were investigated. Inclined load carrying capacity and pile stiffness were presented. The pile head displacement and pile stiffness are significantly affected by load inclination angle. It was observed that, p-y curves of the pile-soil system are independent of loading inclination angle. In addition, the pile length and diameter are markedly affecting the behavior of the pile.