Hubungan Faktor Pemungkin, Pendukung, dan Kebutuhan Dalam Pemanfaatan Pelayanan Kesehatan Di Puskesmas Martoba Selama Pandemi Covid-19
Authors: Purba Hana Livinia Kantasia , Jati Sutopo Patria , Kusumastuti Wulan 
Published: September 2022

Latar belakang: Pelayanan kesehatan primer, Puskesmas adalah penyedia layanan kesehatan yang bertujuan meningkatkan status kesehatan masyarakat yang letaknya paling dekat dengan masyarakat. Puskesmas memiliki peran penting pada masa pandemi Covid-19 yaitu dengan mengutamakan upaya promotif dan preventif dinilai sangat efektif untuk memutus penyebaran virus Covid-19. Pemanfaatan layanan kesehatan di Puskesmas Martoba mengalami penurunan dari tahun 2019 hingga 2020 yaitu sebesar 76,9%. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor yang berhubungan dengan pemanfaatan pelayanan kesehatan di Puskesmas Martoba oleh pasien rawat jalan pada masa pandemi Covid-19.Metode: Jenis penelitian kuantitatif dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Jumlah sampel sebanyak 100 orang yang ditentukan menggunakan rumus Lemeshow. Pengambilan data menggunakan googleform. Variabel bebas yaitu pendidikan, pekerjaan, pengetahuan, penghasilan, kepemilikan asuransi kesehatan, aksesibilitas pelayanan kesehatan, sikap petugas kesehatan, dan penilaian kesehatan individu. Uji statistik yang digunakan pada analisis univariat adalah distribusi frekuensi dan analisis bivariate adalah uji Chi square. Penelitian ini telah mendapat persetujuan dari Komisi Etik Penelitian Kesehatan nomor 193/EA/KEPK-FKM/2021.Hasil: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan sebanyak 80% responden memanfaatkan pelayanan kesehatan di Puskesmas Martoba Hasil uji Chi-square menunjukkan bahwa yang berhubungan dengan pemanfaatan pelayanan kesehatan adalah kepemilikan asuransi kesehatan (p=0,000), aksesibilitas pelayanan kesehatan (p=0,000), sikap petugas kesehatan (p=0,001), dan penilaian kesehatan individu (p=0,000), sedangkan yang tidak berhubungan adalah tingkat pendidikan (p=0,284), pekerjaan (p=0,161), pengetahuan (p=0,108), penghasilan (p=0,917).Simpulan: Pemanfaatan pelayanan kesehatan di Puskesmas Martoba pada masa pandemi Covid-19 memiliki hubungan dengan kepemilikan asuransi kesehatan, aksesibilitas pelayanan kesehatan, sikap petugas kesehatan, dan penilaian kesehatan individu.Kata kunci: Pemanfaatan Pelayanan Kesehatan; Kepemilikan Asuransi; Aksesibilitas; Sikap Petugas Kesehatan; Penilaian Kesehatan Individu; Pandemi Covid-19ABSTRACTTitle:  The Correlation between Enabling and Supporting Factors, and Needs in the Utilization of Health Services at the Martoba Community Health Center during the Covid-19 PandemicBackground: The Community Health Center, Puskesmas was a health service provider that aimed to improving the health status of people who are closest to the Puskesmas. Puskesmas has a significant role during the Covid-19 pandemic, by prioritizing promotive and preventive that are considered very effective to stop the spread of coronavirus. From 2019 to 2020, utilization of health service at Puskesmas Martoba has decreased by 76,9%. This study aimed to determine the factors related to utilization of health services at Puskesmas Martoba by outpatients during Covid-19 pandemic.Method: This type of research was quantitative research, using a Cross Sectional design. The number of samples were 100 people who were determined using the Lemeshow formula and data collection using google form. The independent variables were education, occupation, knowledge, income, ownership of health insurance, accessibility, attitude of health workers, individual health insurance. The statistical test used in the univariate analysis is the frequency distribution and the bivariate analysis is the Chi Square test. This research has received approval from the Health Research Ethics Commission number 193/EA/KEPK-FKM/202.Result: The result showed that 80% of respondents used health services at Puskesmas Martoba. The result of the Chi-square test indicated that those related to the utilization of health services are ownership of health insurance (p=0,000), accessibility (p=0,000), attitude of health workers (p=0,001), and individual health assessment (p=0,000). The unrelated factors are education (p=0,284), occupation (p=0,161), knowledge (p=0,108), and income (p=0,917). Conclusion: Utilization of health services at Puskesmas Martoba during the Covid-19 pandemic has a relationship with ownership of health insurance, accessibility of health services, attitude of health workers, and individual health assessment.Keywords: Utilization of Health Services; Ownership of Health Insurance; Accessibility; Attitude Of Health Workers; Individual Health Assessment; Covid-19 Pandemic