bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Study on the use of the NDVI as Distribution Factors for Water Resources Conservation and Compensation Fees
Authors: Liao Yin Jen , Gau Hwa Sheng , Taiban Sasala , Chung Chung Yi , Liao Shao Wei , Lai Wen Liang
Published: August 2013

This study aims to discuss the use of water resources conservation and compensation fees in 2008, 2009, and 2010. The study also discusses the feasibility of using the conservation indicator the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) as a distribution factor for the compensation fee. Results from this study demonstrate that whilst NDVI is able to show changes in forested areas, the analysis is limited by large technical requirements and results are dependent on the quality of the satellite imagery. Therefore, the acceptability of the proposal to use the NDVI as a distribution factor for compensation fees by the township offices that make compensation fee applications is uncertain. This method requires more in-depth research to determine its feasibility.
Forest Soil Water-Holding Capacity in Karst Peak-Cluster Depression Areas
Authors: Che Jia Xiang , Li An Ding , Zhang Jian Li
Published: August 2013

The study was conducted in arbor forests, arbor-shrub forests and shrub lands in Karst peak-cluster depression areas. We investigated soil property and water-holding capacity in the three types of woodland by means of cutting-ring and water immersion. Our results show that soil bulk density presents an increasing trend along with soil layers deepening, while total soil porosity, capillary porosity and non-capillary porosity decrease. Natural water-holding capacity of soil, saturation water-holding capacity of soil, water-storage capacity of capillary and soil water storage capacity decline with deeper soil layers in all the three forests. Water-holding capacity and immersion time of soil meet the equation Y=kln (X)+b and the equation Y=k(X)-b fits water absorption rate and soaking time of soil well.
Gene Cloning and Function Analysis Involved in the Biodegradation of Aromatic Compounds by Bacillus NAPZ
Authors: Li Chao , Zhang Chun Yang , Chen Sheng Hui , Yu Cong Cong , Wang Zheng Long , Lu Chao Chao , Wang Feng
Published: August 2013

A bacterial strain NAPZ, which utilized polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) as the sole carbon and energy source for growth, was studied on its apparent characteristics, key gene structure and functions. It was preliminarily identified as a Bacillus sp. according to its physiological characteristics and the phylogenetic property of its 16S rRNA gene sequence. Based on the reported RHD gene sequences, a pair of primers was designed to amplify the RHD gene from the genomic DNA of strain NAPZ by PCR. Then, the RHD gene was cloned and sequenced. Based on this sequence and its related sequences in the GenBank database, a multiple alignment was conducted then a phylogenetic tree was constructed with DNAMAN and MEGA software. The analysis revealed that strain NAPZ oxidized PAHs via ring hydroxylating dioxygenase (RHD) pathway. The study provided experimental and theoretical support for revealing the structure and function of key genes as well as the PAHs-degrading pathways in strain NAPZ.
Variation Characteristics of Chlorophyll Fluorescence of Two Typical Eremophytes under Drought Stress in the Drift Desert Hinterland
Authors: Jin Zheng Zhong , Zaynulla Rahmutulla , Lei Jia Qiang , Yakubov Murat A. , Zhang Le
Published: August 2013

To reveal the relationship between chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics of desert plants and soil moisture in the hinterland of the Taklimakan Desert in south Xinjiang of China, Haloxylon ammodendron and Nitraria sibirica were selected and the chlorophyll fluorescence parameters under drought stress was determined. The results were shown that: (1) The maximum light quantum yield Fv/Fm value decreased with the decline of soil moisture content. (2) Fv/Fm values of Haloxylon ammodendron and Nitraria sibirica had changed significantly; when the Fv/Fm value was significantly lower than the control value, the degree of water stress would intensify. (3) The lower limits of soil moisture contents were suitable for the growth of Haloxylon ammodendron and Nitraria sibirica were 2.50% and 3.00%, respectively.
Genetic Variation of Erigeron breviscapus (Vant.) Hand-Mazz in Yunnan under Heavy Metals Stress
Authors: A Xin Xiang , Xiong Hua Bin , Chen Ming Hong
Published: August 2013

Erigeron breviscapus (Vant.) Hand-Mazz is the raw materials to product Health drugs and injectable formulations. Study the genetic diversity of Erigeron breviscapus under harmful substances stress provides insight into their genetic variation characteristics under stress. In this research, genetic diversity of Erigeron breviscapus under heavy metals (Cr, Cd, Hg, Cu, Pb) stress with different concentrations were analyzed by using 8 inter-simple sequence repeat markers (ISSR). The results showed that Erigeron breviscapus had rich genetic variation under five different kinds heavy metals stress. A total of 96 bands were amplified, of which 80 polymorphic bands were discovered and the percentage of polymorphic bands (PPB) was 83.33%. Their indexes of Na, Ne, H, I and PPB were calculated. Richer genetic diversity was discovered under Cu stress, followed by Cd, Cr, Pb and Hg stress in order. This study will be provide a scientific basis to improve the quality Erigeron breviscapus and optimize its growing conditions.
Theoretical Study on Establishing Hydro-Eco Dynamic Monitoring System in Large-Scale and Arid Irrigation District
Authors: Jia Zhi Feng , Li Wen Bin
Published: August 2013

As for some large-scale and arid irrigation district in China, such as Jinghuiqu irrigation district and Shihezi reclamation district, hydro-ecosystem was gradually degenerated and imbalanced due to water shortage and unreasonable exploitation. In order to study hydrological elements, water cycle process and ecological response caused by human activities and other factors, and improve the quality of hydro-ecosystem, scientific connotation of establishing hydro-eco dynamic monitoring system in large-scale and arid irrigation district was defined. Hydro-ecosystem dynamic monitoring indexes including meteorological elements, hydrological elements, ecological elements closely related to hydrological elements and cycle, and socio-economic elements were proposed. Comprehensive monitoring methods based on automatic monitoring net, remote sensing satellite monitoring, field test and investigation were determined, and overall framework of hydro-eco dynamic monitoring was designed, which provided a theoretical basis for establishing hydro-eco dynamic monitoring system in large-scale and arid irrigation district.
A Review on SWAT Model for Stream Flow Simulation
Authors: Zhao Wen Ju , Sun Wei , Li Zong Li , Fan Yan Wei , Song Jian Shu , Wang Li Rong
Published: August 2013

SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment Tool) model is one of distributed hydrological model, based on spatial data offered by GIS and RS. This article mainly introduces the SWAT model principle, structure, and it is the application of stream flow simulation in China and other countries, then points out the deficiency existing in the process of model research. In order to service in water resources management work better, experts and scholars further research the rate constant and uncertainty of the simplification of the model parameters, and the combination of RS and GIS to use, and hydrological scale problems.
Effects of Conventional Tillage and Conservation Tillage on Soil Organic Carbon
Authors: Jia Song Wei
Published: August 2013

For the last decades, because of increasing attention to global change, the carbon cycle in the terrestrial ecosystem has become a hotspot problem for every country. It has 1.6 Pg/a C to release into atmosphere because of the irrational land-use, quickening the step of global warming trend. But agricultural soil has the double-sword effects. If improper soil tillage practices are adopted, agricultural soil may become the source of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. And if adopting effective management measurement and scientific tillage technology, agricultural soil may become carbon sink. This paper reviewed the effects of conventional tillage and conservation tillage on soil organic carbon (SOC), and found that conservation tillage has a huge potential for sequestrating organic carbon compared with conventional tillage. Finally, the important significance of agriculture soil carbon sequestration was discussed in detail.
Stable Isotopic Study on Water Utilization Sources of Pinus yunnanensis Plantations in the Central Yunnan Karst Plateau
Authors: Fan Tao , Li Jie , Li Ya , Zhu Xiu Qin
Published: August 2013

In order to explain the water utilization mechanism of Pinus Yunnanensis plantations in the Central Yunnan Karst Plateau, SW China, and their adaptive strategies to arid karst habitat, the authors collected and analyzed the stable 18O isotope values of stem water of Pinus Yunnanensis in Bajiang valley, and their accompanying trees and bushes and their potential water sources. The IsoSource model was applied to compute the probable contribution of multiple potential water sources to total plant. The results show that in the ecosystem of Pinus Yunnanensis plantations, there exists significant evaporative isotopic fractionation during the process of hydraulic infiltration from precipitation to ground water and soil water and that of hydraulic redistribution in the soil profile. Water utilization positions and proportions of Pinus Yunnanensis and its accompanying trees and bushes vary from season to season, and they are evident competitors for water. During dry seasons, mature Pinus Yunnanensis uses 68.6% of 0-55cm soil water while the contribution of 30-110cm soil water and groundwater to the young Pinus Yunnanensis reaches 55.8% and 31.7% respectively. In rainy seasons, the use ratio of 0-55cm surface soil water by young Pinus Yunnanensis, Pistacia weinmannifolia and Rhododendron spiciferum are 63.1%, 56.3% and 86.2% respectively while the mature Pinus Yunnanensis uses rainfall, groundwater and fog droplets of canopy interception.
Inactivation of Cryptosporidium and Giardia by Chlorine in Water
Authors: Ran Zhi Lin , Li Shao Feng
Published: August 2013

In order to study the effect of chlorine (Cl2) inactivating Cryptosporidium and Giardia in water, different factors as Cl2 concentration, contact time, pH, temperature, turbidity and organic content which might influence the inactivation were studied by using fluorescence staining method. With the Cryptosporidium and Giardia was 1×106 cysts/mL, turbidity 1.0NTU, temperature 22°C, pH 7.0, and after 280 min reaction, under the condition that the Cl2 concentrations was 8.0mg/L, the inactivation ratio could be more than 99%. With increases in turbidity, the inactivating effect decreased. If the inactivating time achieved 360 min, it could meet the presetting inactivation ratio with turbidity 0.1~10.0 NTU. The inactivating capability of Cl2 was found to be stronger under acidic than that under alkalic conditions. Inactivation rate improves with a temperature increase from 5 to 25°C, but decreases beyond this.
Isolation of Two Strains for Microbial Desulfurization of Dibenzothiophene
Authors: Han Pei Pei , Chen Yong Wei , Jiang Ping Zhe , Tan Zhi Lei , Jia Shi Ru
Published: August 2013

Two desulfurizing strains S1 and S2 were isolated from sea water from Crude Oil Terminal at Tianjin Port. The ability of the two strains to convert dibenzothiophene (DBT) to 2-dihydroxybiphenyl (HBP) was tested by Gibbs assay, which indicated that 2-HBP existed in the metabolite. The strains S1 and S2 were identified by both 16S rDNA sequence analysis and MALDI BioTyper system as Agrobacterium tumefaciens and Acinetobacter radioresistens respectively, which could degrade 22.3% and 22.4% of DBT in 46 hours respectively.
Isolation and Genetic Characterization of Phenol-Degradating Bacterium from a Salt Lake in Inner Mongolia
Authors: Dai Gang , Liu La Mei , Ouyang Qing Chao , Meng Chao Luo , Iwasa Tat Suo
Published: August 2013

Salt lake environments are economically and ecologically important issues. Like any other ecosystems in the world, salt lake ecosystems are facing various kinds of pollutions. However, little information is available on the biodegradation of organic pollutants by halophilic microorganisms in such environments. In the present work we isolated a strain of phenol-degradating bacteria from a salt lake in Inner Mongolia. Sequence of 16S rRNA suggested that the strain belong toPropionibacteriumgenus. The strain can grow with phenol as a sole carbon source under 10% (w/v) salt concentration. PCR amplifications with the primers for multicomponent phenol hydroxylase or catechol 1, 2 dioxygenase gene were applied to genome DNA of the strain, suggesting that phenol might be transformed to catechol by multicomponent phenol hydroxylase and further degradated through ortho-ring cleavage pathway. When the primers for catechol 1, 2 dioxygenase were applied to the DNA obtained from the lake water, at least two types of catechol 1, 2 dioxygenase genes sequences were obtained, suggesting the presence of the bacteria with diverse aromatic compound-degradating genes.
On Constructing the Long-Term Strategic Mechanism for Rural Environment Protection
Authors: Liu Ding Hao
Published: August 2013

Since China has a vast rural area, and a large rural population, and the environmental problems are quite complex, a long-term strategic mechanism should be constructed to realize effective rural environment protection and treatment.
The Ecological Environment Governance Level Evaluation and Countermeasure about the Regional Industrial Focus Fields
Authors: Shen Xiu Ying , Liu Pei Lin , Bu Hua Bai
Published: August 2013

Based on empirical research on the 235 valid questionnaires, the evaluation index system of ecological environment governance was established in a regional industry focus areas ,a new combination empowerment method based on information entropy correction AHP, which can reduce the subjective bias, was put forward, and then a two fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method was used to evaluate on ecological environment governance about the Hengyang lead and zinc industry focus fields, in order to better solve the evaluation of the regional industry focus field about the ecological environment governance for the Government, and provide a theoretical basis for the discovery of regional industrial problems and countermeasures of eco-environmental governance.
The Electromagnetic Environmental Impact of High-Voltage Transmission Line and its Prevention Methods
Authors: Qi Jian Zhao , Guo Jun
Published: August 2013

This paper calculates frequency electric field intensity by the equivalent charge method, and analyzes the main factors affecting the electromagnetic environment of the 500kV Double Circuit Transmission Lines. In the same electromagnetic transmission line calculation parameters, optimization of phase sequence can effectively reduce the frequency electric field intensity; with the increase of the distance, the line frequency electric field intensity significantly reduces away from the center line within 25m. Finally, the paper obtains the phase sequence arrangement with minimal impact on the electromagnetic environment and the minimum ground clearance meeting the environmental requirements.
Environmental Protection and Sustainable Development of Golf
Authors: Shen Ke Yin , Kou Xian Juan
Published: August 2013

The construction of golf course is restricted by the natural environment, the illegal construction of golf course will also have a certain degree of environmental crisis. Golf has a strong dependence on the land resources, water resources, ecological environment, blind expansion of the golf course, the lack of effective supervision and management situations, will bring the problems of environment and resources. The rapid development of golf in China, on the one hand, has certain positive role on improve the city's investment environment, expand foreign exchanges, activate regional economy. on the other hand, produce many problems, such as the excessive consumption of water resources and a large number of land resources, the destruction of the ecological environment. Sustainable development of golf is inseparable from the protection of the environment, we must establish the concept of ecological civilization, protect the natural environment. The sustainable development of golf will be achieved by establishing and improving environmental protection system, increasing the awareness of managers on protecting environment, building an eco-golf course.
Heavy Mineral Characteristics of the Loess Deposits in the Eastern Songnen Plain: Implication for Sediment Provenance
Authors: Kang Chun Guo , Chang Zheng , Cai Chun Miao , Jiang Hua Jun , Qiu Hong , Ni Chao
Published: August 2013

Lots of loess sediments, mostly located at the Eastern Songnen Plain, have been deposited through the whole Quaternary period. In order to determine their sources, samples were collected from a number of representative areas, such as the dust loess, river sediment of the Songhua River and the Horqin sandy land. Heavy mineral assemblage analysis of these samples shows that the dust samples share a consistent character, which is similar to the Songhua Rivers sediments. In contrast, there is a big difference between the dust samples and the Horqin. Heavy minerals assemblage from Eastern Songnen Plain dust loess compatible with a dominant source in the nearby river sediments and the weathered granitoid of the Songhua River drainage basin, such as the Hinggan Mountains and Eastern mountains, with additional minor contributions from the Horqin sandy land or the distal dust source.
Litter Accumulation and Decomposition in Three Types of Grassland
Authors: Zhou Chan , Zhang Zhuo , Yan Xue Fei , Guo Jian , Zhang Qian Qian , Yang Li Peng
Published: August 2013

The litter accumulation and decomposing biomass characteristics under meadow, typical steppe and desert steppe were comparatively studied. Results showed that accumulation and decomposition of litter was the biggest under meadow than typical steppe and desert steppe. Variance analysis indicated that accumulation mass and decomposition rate among the three steppe types were significantly different. Therefore, litters accumulation of different steppe types was greatly affected by precipitation and temperature.
Research on Water Resources Vulnerability Evaluation Model Based on Extension Theory
Authors: Liu Hai Jiao , Shi Yu Zhi , Fan Ming Yuan , Huang Ji Wen , Chen Hua Wei , Zhang Xin
Published: August 2013

Water resources vulnerability evaluation has important significance to guide the water resources management and water ecological environment protection. This paper builds the water resources vulnerability evaluation index system from three aspects of natural, human and bearing capacity and integrates matter-element theory with entropy weight to construct the matter-element extension evaluation model of water resources vulnerability. The area of Shandong Province is selected for study, and the proposed model and evaluation index system are applied to respectively evaluates the water resources vulnerability of each city, the results show that the proposed model has a efficient performance, and water resources vulnerability evaluated is higher in whole study area and varies significantly in space, moreover, the northwestern cities are higher, on the contrary, the southeastern cities are lower.
The Environmental Problems in Development and Utilization of Urban Mines: Taking Secondary Copper Production as a Case
Authors: Chai Zhen , Li Fu Ping , He Xu Wen
Published: August 2013

The great amount of resource consumption and the depletion of metal rich primary ores are the main driving forces to develop and utilize the valuable resource hiding in urban mines. Although urban mining possesses several advantages such as lower energy consumption, less cost and easier to develop and less pollution than conventional primary mining, the various wastes generated in the urban mining become a burden for the society because of poor organization production and the implementation of the strict environmental regulations. This paper investigated the environmental problems and the wastes characterization in development and utilization by taking secondary copper as an example. The main pollutants discharged in secondary copper production were exhaust gas containing POPs and metals, waste water of heavy metals and acid water, and the residues of melting and electrolytic plants. The toxic pollutants like heavy metals asked for appropriate dumping and disposal to prevent the damage to the environment.
The Low-Carbon Economy - An Exquisite Combination of Ecological Protection and Scientific Development
Authors: Wang Da Ming
Published: August 2013

Ecological problems have severely affected the sustainable development of Chinas economy and society, and the low-carbon economy model an effective way that balances environmental protection and economy development. institutional restriction, planning, the entire society's attention and participation, and positively participation into international communication and cooperation shall be taken into consideration to develop the low-carbon economy and promote the improvement and protection of ecological environment.
The Partition of Regional-Specific Environment Management Area for the China Pulp & Paper Industry Based on Resources and Environment Carrying Capacity
Authors: Chen Fan , Zhu Xiu Lian , Cui Qing , Wei Wen Xia
Published: August 2013

Considering the operability of the environmental management type zoning in the paper industry, the evaluation index system of resources and environment carrying capacity is divided into two sub-index systems of the raw materials bases and paper industry. The weight of each index is evaluated by the AHP method, the index is calculated by the grey cluster assessment. The environmental management districts in both of the raw material forest base and paper industry were typified by using the GIS analysis method, respectively. Ultimately the national paper industry resources and environment management type partition is integrated from the two kinds of partition by using a two-dimensional matrix method.
The Relationship between Soil Characteristics and Community Structure in Different Vegetation Restoration in Guangxi Karst Region
Authors: Li Sheng , Ren Hua Dong , Xue Liang , Yao Xiao Hua
Published: August 2013

The space instead of time method was used to determine the species diversity and soil property in different succession stages in Karst rocky desertification area, in China. The species diversity of herb layer was digressive and that of tree layer, shrub layer and the whole community were increased first and then decreased, the peak value appeared in the rattan thorn scrub stage, the lowest appeared in the grass stages. At the beginning of succession, the species diversity of herb layer was higher than that of shrub layer. With the closing time increased, the diversity of the shrub layer increased more than that of herb layer. There had the same change trend in velocity nitrogen, organic matter, total nitrogen and total phosphorus. There was significantly linear positive correlation between the total nitrogen, phosphorus, magnesium, calcium, pH, available phosphorus and the species diversity and richness of the herb layer.
Diversity of Methanotrophic Bacteria Community between Different Development Stages in Chinese Temperate Forest
Authors: Zheng Xing Bo , Sui Xin , Zheng Jun Qiang , Han Shi Jie , Dai Guan Hua
Published: August 2013

The method of terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) was used to study the community structures and diversities of aerobic methanotrophs by the key functional genes pmoA in the forest land soils of Changbai Mountains in China. And the effects of soil factors on them were also evaluated, and then the mechanism of microbiological communities in forest land soils response to the forest succession were discussed. The results showed that the diversity indices of aerobic methanotrophs were higher, and community structures appeared more complicated at the later plots. Their similarity coefficients gradually declined from the middle of the forest succession to the adjacent forest, indicating communities dynamic succession. During succession process, soil moisture and organic matter content had significant influence on it. The microbial communities were under the stress of succession process, which led to more emission of other greenhouse-gas from forest soils.
Forest Gap Characteristics of Schima superba Caused by Snow Disturbance
Authors: Ge Xiao Gai , Zhou Ben Zhi , Wang Gang , Wang Xiao Ming , Cao Yong Hui
Published: August 2013

Distribution, formation ways and seedlings regeneration characteristics of forest gaps were studied on Schima superba forest after the snowstorm disturbance in Jianglang Mountain, Zhejiang Province, which would provide scientific basis for the community regeneration and post-disaster recovery. The results showed that: the forest gaps area with 50~100m2 of most expanded gaps occupied the highest percentage in number (45.0% of the total), which also occupied the highest percentage in size (30.3% of the total), while the canopy forest gaps area of 25~50m2 occupied the highest percentage in number and size (50% of the total and 36.39% of the total). The most important way of forest gaps formation was breakage on trunk, and the secondly important way was uprooting. In different sizes forest gaps, regeneration density of Schima superba showed a single peak changes with the increasing of forest gaps size and the regeneration density of the middle area forests gaps was most.
The Growth Charactersitics Study of Introduction Fast-Growing Poplar at the Initial Stage of Afforestation
Authors: Lian Pei Yong , Liu Jin Ye , Wang Lian Kuan
Published: August 2013

We have carried out three consecutive years of tree growth survey, and studied on afforestation technology, compatibility and high-yielding measures, we conducted two-factor effect analysis of different varieties and different density on seedling height and ground diameter in the annual introduction of fast-growing poplar. The results showed that the influence of different varieties of seedling height and ground diameter was extremely significant, and the influence of different density of seedling height and ground diameter was not significant basically. Based on the above results, it can be preliminarily determined the most suitable fast-growing poplar and planting density for Inner Mongolia Daxinganling Forest Region.
Niches of Major Associated Species in Natural Mixed Moso Bamboo Forests
Authors: Fan Yan Rong , Chen Shuang Lin , Lin Hua , Yang Qing Ping , Hong Yi Cong , Guo Zi Wu
Published: August 2013

Niche characteristics of nineteen main associated tree populations in moso bamboo mixed forests in Luoboyan Natural Reserve were investigated. The results show that associated populations ofSarcandra glabra,Ilex purpureaandEurya japonica, with high important values have great capacity of adapting to environment and also have broader niche breadths.Liquidamba formosanaseldom appear as associated trees and have narrow niche breadth.Castanopsis fargesii,Engelhardia fenzelii,Castanopsis kawakamii,Schima superba,Nyssa aquaticandCarpinus turczaninowiihave close niche breadth and similar distribution range within the community.Ilex purpurea-Castanopsis fargesii,Ilex purpurea-Engelhardia fenzelii,Engelhardia fenzelii-Liquidamba formosana,Castanopsis kawakamii-Dendropanax dentiger,Rhododendron pulchrum-Schima superba,Dendropanax dentiger-Castanopsis lamontiiandCastanopsis lamontii-Carpinus turczaninowiihave high niche overlaps which prove that species having similar or same circumstances demands high niche overlap indexes. Species with broader niches have more chances for niche overlap with other species.Sarcandra glabradistributes widely and has broad niche breadth but low overlap index with other species, which indicates that species with broad niche breadth is not inevitable to have broad niche overlap with other species.
Detection of the Contents of the Ingredient of Food by Using the NIR Spectroscopy and the Backward Interval Partial Least-Squares
Authors: Liu Yong Fu , Chen Xi , Zheng Bin , Xu Ze Yu , He Guo Tian
Published: August 2013

Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS), with the characteristics of high speed, non-destructiveness, high precision and reliable detection data etc., is a pollution-free, rapid, quantitative and qualitative analysis method. A new approach for the discrimination of the ingredients of corn (moisture, oil, protein, starch) by means of NIR spectroscopy (1100-2498 nm) was developed in this work. The relationship between the reflectance spectra and the ingredients of corn was established. The data were spilt into training and testing subsets by sample set partitioning based on join x-y distance (SPXY),the spectral data was compressed by orthogonal signal correction (OSC), wavelength was selected by backward interval partial least-squares (biPLS),the 60 samples to build PLS mode, the model was used to predict the varieties of 20 unknown samples. The standard error of prediction (SEP) was 0.173; the relative error of prediction (PRE) was 0.55%; the correlation coefficient (R) was 0.98. The way to detect the ingredient of food is simply, reliable.
Effects of Phosphorus Nutrition on Growth, Photosynthesis, and Ion Accumulation of Energy Plant Hybrid Pennisetum Seedlings under Salinity
Authors: Chen Min , Wang Dian , Chen Tian Shu , Kang Ai Ping , Liu Yan , Wang Bao Shan
Published: August 2013

As an essential macroelement for all living cells, phosphorus plays a significant role in agricultural production systems. To better guide the establishment of the biofuel production systems of hybrid pennisetum, a popular energy plant with important potential in saline land, the effects of nutrient phosphorus on the growth, photosynthesis and ion homeostasis of hybrid pennisetum under salt treatment were examined with greenhouse pot experiments. Plant seedlings subjected to phosphorus deficiency (0.1 mmol·L-1P and 0.2 mmol·L-1P) increased in ratio of root to shoot and decreased in biomass. On the other hand, salinity inhibited the growth of hybrid pennisetum, but the effects of salinity on energy plants (Pennisetum americanum×P. Purpureum) were influenced by the concentration of nutrient phosphorus. Salinity was more injurious to hybrid pennisetum seedlings in combination with a lower concentration of phosphorus (0.1 mmol·L-1P, 0.2 mmol·L-1P and 0.6 mmol·L-1P) than it was with a higher concentration of phosphorus (1.0 mmol·L-1P) (that gave optimum yields in the absence of salinity). In addition, no significant differences were observed between 1.0 mmol·L-1P and 1.4 mmol·L-1P levels at either NaCl level, indicating that 1.0 mmol·L-1P was enough for the enhancement of both growth and tolerance to NaCl in hybrid pennisetum.
Responses of Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Nitrogen Status Indicators to Nitrogen Rates during the Different Rice Growth Stages
Authors: Zhang Qing Wen , Yang Zheng Li , Zhang Ai Ping , Wang Ming
Published: August 2013

The SPAD was shown as a diagnostic tool to assess the nitrogen (N) nutrition status. The objective of this study is to evaluate the performance of SPAD as N nutrition status for rice. We conducted two years field experiment in the Ningxia irrigation area. Five N application rates were applied to rice to obtain contrasting conditions of N availability. The leaves N concentrations, SPAD and N uptake by rice were assessed. The results showed that response of SPAD to N uptake rate depends on the developmental stage of the rice. The peak periods for N uptake by rice were the jointing-booting stage to the flowering stage. Significant regression equations were established between SPAD and N uptake. The SPAD meter was demonstrated to be a useful nondestructive system to aid in the evaluation of N nutrition status in rice. However, consistency in sample seasonal timing may necessitate to correlate SPAD values.
Safety Quality and Nutritional Characteristics Research of Rice Bran Oil
Authors: Yu Feng Xiang , Lin Qin Lu , Huang Zhong Pei , Xiao Huai Qiu
Published: August 2013

In order to improve the utilization of rice bran and study the satety quality and nutritional characteristics of rice bran oil,120 unhusked rice were collected from 6 rice planting area in China, determination of Cd and Pb contents in RBO were made by atomic absorption spectrometry when oryzanol content was made by colorimetric method,fatty acid was analyzed by Gas Chromatography and cancer inhibiton experiment was carried out with HepG2.Cd content is between 0.013 ~ 0.462 (mg.kg-1) and average value is (0.111±0.043) mg·kg-1. Pb content is between 0.036~0.230 (mg·kg-1 ) and average value is (0.089±0.024) mg·kg-1.Oryzanol content is 0.33% ~ 1.56% and average value is 0.80% which is much higher than other common edible vegetable oils.The main fatty acids of RBO are myristic acid,palmitic acid,palmitoleic acid,stearic acid,oleic acid,linoleic acid,linolenic acid,arachidic acid,arachidonic acid.RBO of 0.2 mmol/L has a significant inhibitory effect on cancer cell proliferation.
Research on Identification and Cellulase Liquid Fermentation of New Cellulase-Producing Streptomyces
Authors: Shi Shi Yang , Xu Jing Yao , Zhang Ming Xu
Published: August 2013

The screening and cellulase production study of cellulase production microorganisms was the basis for the purpose. CMC medium was used in this study to isolate cellulose degrading bacteria. As a result, six strains were obtained from the soil, one strains of which Streptomyces-2 had higher cellulase activities in the Liquid fermentation medium of Straw, which was 3.230U/mL. By morphological observation and physiochemical analysis, it was primarily classified as Streptomyces sp which study less. It provides a new species for the cellulase application in the field of bio-chemical. At the same time it provides a new way for the cellulase applied to microbial conversion for low-rank coal in the future.
Genetic Diversity of Phalaris arundinacea Linn Germplasm Detected by SRAP Markers
Authors: Cheng Kai Kai , Du Juan , Huang Yan Hua , Michael Casler , Zhang Yun Wei
Published: August 2013

Sequence-related amplified polymorphism (SRAP) molecular marker was used to detect the genetic diversity of 25 accessions of Phalaris arundinacea Linn that collected from the USA, Russia, Kazakhstan, Canada, LanZhou and HuBei. The following results were obtained: 1) Sixteen primer pairs produced 131 polymorphic bands, with an average of 8.19 bands per primer pair. The percentage of polymorphic bands on average was 89.25%. The polymorphism information content (PIC) ranged from 0.784 to 0.9069, with an average of 0.8696. 2) The Neis genetic similarity coefficient of the tested accessions ranged from 0.5959 to 0.8425, and the average of Neis coefficient was 0.7422. These results suggested that there was rich genetic diversity among the resources of Phalaris arundinacea Linn. 3) Twenty-five accessions were clustered into five groups. Moreover, the accessions from the same or similar origin frequently clustered into one group. The findings implied that the correlation among the resources, geographical and ecological environment.
Method for Coastline Assessment: A Case in Liaoning Province
Authors: Li Wen Jun
Published: August 2013

Aimed to assess spatial pattern of coastline in Liaoning province. Series satellite remote sensing images obtained in 1990 and 2010 were employed to survey coastline integrated field surveying in Liaoning province. Some spatial index were established to describe coastline spatial characteristics by geographical information system, individually. The result as follow: remote sensing images integrated geographical information system are useful tools for coastline surveying. Spatial index based on geographical information system suitable to assess coastline spatial pattern. In last 20 years, length of coastline in Liaoning province increased and its tortuosity ascend. The increment is 30% in some regions, such as Jinzhou and Panjin. The common use type of coastline is fishing and port. Exploitation of coastline cause length of artificial coastline (dams, bulwark, eg) grow up, while natural coastline, such as rock coastline, sandy coastline and muddy coastline compressed. The total exploitation extensity boast in last20 years in Liaoning province.
Remote Sensing Monitoring and Analysis on the Use of Land and Cover Changes for Songhuaba Water Source Areas
Authors: Li Hui , Yang Ju Rui , Liu Yi Long
Published: August 2013

By using the technologies of remote sensing and geographical information system, use the source protection zones of Songhuaba 1982,1986,1992,1996,2001,2006,2010 LANDSAT TM remote sensing image for interpretation; analyze the reasons of land use change in this area. From the results: The water district garden and woodland are the main types of land. As the human, natural and other factors driving, unused land, residential areas, the grass have reduced. Some unreasonable land use structure in the protected areas, also cause the land use types are constantly changing and increasingly serious soil and water loss.
Study on Data Correlation Method of Spatial-Temporal Data
Authors: Liu Peng Zhen
Published: August 2013

Combination the time characteristics with the spatial features of geographical spatial entity, it is the foundation of dynamic reflection in the world of objective reality. The correlation method of spatial-temporal data is studied with three data types, including point, line, and polygon, by analyzing the changes types and characteristics of multi-temporal spatial data, mining the data correlation information in different periods using the overlay method, and establishing corresponding relationship among objects in different periods with unique identifier. And the experiment is taken based on the land use data of two periods, the correlation is established to the data of two periods, and the simple object tracking query is implemented.
The Dynamic Monitoring on Mining Collapsing around Xinglongzhuang Coal Mine Based on Remote Sensing Images
Authors: Wang Hai Qing , Zhou Ying Jie , Chen Ling , Jing Qing Qing , Wang Jie , Wang Xiao Hong , Yang Jin Zhong
Published: August 2013

A large number of old coal mine, such as Xinglongzhuang coal mine, made a great contribution to local economic development and national construction. But, serious mining collapsing was caused also, and local people's livelihood has been affected seriously. The mining collapsing could be identified on remote sensing images by some characteristics. There were 4 period remote sensing data, which was acquired respectively in June 2009, April 2010, June 2011 and July 2012, and field investigation were applied in this articles to study these mining collapsing. The research suggests that the mining collapsing could be divided into the aged type, the middle aged type and the young type. There is a suggestion that, the monitoring and prevention works should be strengthened.
Study on Microbial Community Characteristics in the Northern Wetland Reserve Area of the Modern Yellow River Delta
Authors: Zhao Guang Ming , Ye Si Yuan , Xin Yuan Zheng , Ding Xi Gui , Yuan Hong Ming , Wang Jin
Published: August 2013

Yellow River Delta has a special status of coastal wetland research in China. The microbial community characteristics such as community structure, activity and size in the wetland were investigated in the modern Yellow River Delta of Shandong Province. The aim was to find the effect of salinity on the microbial community. There was a significant negative linear relationship between soluble salt content and the total number of microbes, overall microbial activity, and diversity of culturally viable microbes. Differences of the soil bacterial community in different depths were monitored using the terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) and clone library analyses. In a word, these results indicate that higher salinity and deeper depth resulted in a smaller, more stressed microbial community which was less active and diverse .
The Study on the Relationship of the Poyang Lake Water Level and the Water Area by Using MODIS Data from 2000 to 2012
Authors: Gao Dan , Fang Chao Yang
Published: August 2013

Based on the MODIS data from 2000 to 2012 and the water level data of the Poyang Lake, this paper extracted the water area of the Poyang Lake and got the long time seasonal changing characteristics of the water area and analyzed the relationship between the water level and the water area with the use of the historical water level data of the Poyang Lake. The results provide scientific basis for the building of the Poyang Lake Ecological Economic Zone and the researching of the seasonal change of water resource.
Water Depth Retrieval Model by Remote Sensing in Wuliangsuhai Wetland
Authors: Yu Rui Hong , Liu Ting Xi , Hao Rui Ying
Published: August 2013

Wuliangsuhai wetland located in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region (IMAR) is selected as the study area to analyze the wetland environment evolution. Wuliangsuhai wetland is the largest freshwater lake in the Yellow River basin, and also the largest natural wetland along the same latitude on the earth. Through the optimization comparison of multiple wave-band reflection combination, the regression equation of the water depth and wave band reflection combination of TM3, TM2 and TM1 is established based on the remote sensing principles.
The Research Review of Remote Sensing Survey on Geological Landscape Tourism Resources
Authors: Luo Wei , Mao Ling , Liu Bao Li , Yan Zhi Wu
Published: August 2013

Geological landscape is a kind of important tourism resources whose survey is the forerunner of tourism resource planning and development. The application of remote sensing technology develops a revolution of investigation method of geological landscape tourism resources. By analyzing domestic and international investigations and researches of remote sensing of geological landscape tourism resources, this paper considers that remote sensing technology is mainly applied to the investigation of regional geological environment background. The macro characteristics of regional geological landscape tourism resources such as resources area, type identification, dynamic change, space layout, formation lithology, topography distribution are hot research issues, and the analysis and measurement of micro characteristic values of regional geological landscape tourism resources is an important direction of future research.
Sensitivity Analysis of Ocean Microwave Radiation Characteristics
Authors: Wu Bu He , Wang Xiao Yao , Ma Hong Zhang , Li Shu Guang
Published: August 2013

Ocean salinity is one of the important parameters in marine ecosystem and climate system. Satellite-borne microwave radiometer observing system is the only feasible method to study the distributions and changes of the global ocean salinity. Numbers of factors make a great impact on the sea salinity inversion accuracy based on the microwave radiation technology. These factors include the sea surface temperature, distribution range of the salinity, the observation angle, polarization, as well as the microwave frequency of the microwave radiometer. The present paper analyzed the effect of microwave frequency, incidence angle and polarization mode on the sensitivity of the ocean salinity based on the microwave radiation simulated data of calm see surface. Furthermore, it studied the effect of the seawater temperature and salinity distributions on the salinity sensitivity. The results indicated that the sensitivity between the ocean surface microwave radiation and the water salinity decreased with increased microwave frequency; the influence of the incident angle on the sensitivity is related to the polarization mode. The sensitivity increased with the increasing of the incident angle under V-polarization mode, however, the sensitivity decreased under H-polarization mode. The water temperature had an effect of amplification on the sensitivity. The higher the temperature of water is, the stronger the sensitivity is. However, the changing trend of the sensitivity was not related with the polarization, frequency, and incident angle.
Dynamic Changes and Driving Mechanism of Soil CO2 Emission Fluxes of Different Land Use in Western Jilin Province
Authors: Tang Jie , Zhang Nan , Liang Shuang , Han Yuan , Zhang Hao
Published: August 2013

Using GXH-3051A infrared analyzer, the paper monitored the seasonal variations of soil CO2 emission fluxes of four land use types with the dynamic closed chamber method in western Jilin Province and analyzed the driving mechanism. The result shows that the soil dynamic changes of paddy field, dry farmland, grassland and saline-alkali land present multi-peak curves, but the means of emission fluxes exist large differences. Temperature and moisture are the main factors leading to the differences of CO2 emission fluxes. There is a significant exponential relationship between the dynamic changes of CO2 emission fluxes and soil temperature, but the exponential relationship is poor between the dynamic changes of CO2 emission flux and moisture. Hydrothermal two-factor composite model can explain the dynamic changes of CO2 emission fluxes well, which illustrates the change of CO2 emission fluxes of 65.47% of paddy soil, 76.25% of dry farmland, 82.17% of grassland and 57.62% of saline-alkali soil.
Land Reclamation Zoning and Evaluation of Land Suitability in Mining Areas in China
Authors: Zhou Yan , Luo Ming , Bai Zhong Ke
Published: August 2013

Different types of reclaimed land require different land reclamation techniques. This study uses previous research to divide the mining areas in China into 10 land reclamation zones according to the climatic zones, soil conditions and the distribution of mines. The country is divided into the following zones: the northeast plains and hills region, the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain region, the Yangtze River Basin region, the southwest mountainous and hilly region, the central mountainous and hilly region, the southeast coast hilly region, the northwest arid semi-arid region, the Loess Plateau region, the Inner Mongolian grasslands region, and the Tibetan Plateau region. The subsided, excavated and occupied lands in the mining areas are divided into two categories, suitable for reclamation and unsuitable for reclamation, based on geological and geomorphological characteristics, climate, hydrology, soil conditions, and social demand. In addition, the suitability of waste land in each area is evaluated. This study provides a basis for waste land reclamation in Chinas mining areas.
Difference Analysis of Cultivated Land Changes and Economic Development in Suzhou and Wuhu, Anhui Province
Authors: Su Hai Min
Published: August 2013

There are clear differences in the relationship between changes in cultivated land use and economic development in different regions. Based on statistical data, we analyzed the characteristics of changes in cultivated land, the influence of regional difference of economic development level for cultivated land resources in Suzhou and Wuhu of Anhui Province from 1991 to 2011 in this paper. At the same time, we quantitatively analyzed relationship between cultivated land and economic development and compared the consumption of cultivated land per unit of GDP for two regions. Results show that: with the economic development, cultivated land area has decreased in all, which cultivated land area change slowly in the beginning and the end and speed in middle during the research period. The area of occupied cultivated land decreased due to increasing GDP continuously with economic development, but at different rates in the two regions. Suzhou City pay cultivated land resources for per unit economic growth far more than Wuhu City, but this phenomenon eased because of attention to intensive development, late.
Evaluation of Residential Environment before and after Wenchuan Earthquake in Weizhou Town
Authors: Du Guo Ming
Published: August 2013

5·12" Wenchuan earthquake resulted in a large number of secondary mountain disasters, serious damage to ecological environment and cultural landscapes. By building evaluation index system of residential environment, the paper compares to residential environment before and after Wenchuan earthquake in Weizhou town.