bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
EFFECT OF HIGH GYPSUM CONTENTS IN MORTARS MADE WITH PORTLAND CEMENT AND ALKALI ACTIVATED SLAG
Authors:   Centro Tecnológico de la Construcción Región de Murcia, Spain, Hernández Miriam , Rodríguez Carlos ,   Centro Tecnológico de la Construcción Región de Murcia, Spain, Navarro Rosa ,   University of Alicante, Spain, Parra Carlos ,   Technical University of Cartagena, Spain, Sánchez Marina ,   Centro Tecnológico de la Construcción Región de Murcia, Spain, Rodríguez Roberto ,   Centro Tecnológico de la Construcción Región de Murcia, Spain, Gómez Pablo ,   Centro Tecnológico de la Construcción Región de Murcia, Spain, Fernández Fernando ,   Centro Tecnológico de la Construcción Región de Murcia, Spain, Sánchez Isidro ,   University of Alicante, Spain
Published: August 2024

Construction and Demolition Wastes (C&DW) are one of the most produced solid wastes in society in terms of volume. Controlling the presence of gypsum in recycled aggregates is crucial for their use as recycled aggregates in concrete production, as their presence may cause expansive reactions due to the formation of secondary ettringite. This article presents the results of an experimental campaign in which the effect of the presence of recycled aggregates containing gypsum was evaluated using various types of Portland cements (CEM I, CEM IIIB, CEM IV) and alkali-activated slag (AAS). Four percentages of gypsum (2%, 5%, 10%, and 20%) were studied in replacement of natural aggregates. The properties were evaluated by means of compressive strength, flexural strength, ultrasonic, and dimensional stability tests. The behaviour obtained with 2% gypsum content are similar to those obtained with the reference samples in all types of cement studied (Portland cements and AAS). Once the 2% threshold is exceeded, the behaviour varies depending on the type of cement used. When CEM IIIB and CEM IV are used, the studied properties are minimally affected.
HYDRATION PROPERTIES AND TECHNICAL BEHAVIOUR OF BLENDED BELITE CALCIUM SULFOALUMINATE CEMENTS
Authors:   Basilicata University, Italy, Telesca Antonio ,   MATERIA Association, Italy, Marroccoli Milena ,   Basilicata University, Italy,   MATERIA Association, Italy, Ibris Neluta ,   Basilicata University, Italy,   MATERIA Association, Italy, Bullerjahn Frank ,   Global R&D Heidelberg Materials AG, Germany, Ben Haha Mohsen ,   Global R&D Heidelberg Materials AG, Germany, Zajac Maciej ,   Global R&D Heidelberg Materials AG, Germany
Published: August 2024

Belite calcium sulfoaluminate (BCSA) cements are environmentally friendly binders inasmuch as they can allow a significant reduction in CO2 emissions thanks to the saving of both fuel consumption and limestone requirement. Compared to the production of ordinary Portland cement, the manufacture of BCSA cements is characterized by further relevant sustainable features, namely: (i) lower synthesis temperature (1250°-1350°C), (ii) easier clinker grindability and (iii) larger use of industrial wastes. Moreover, their environmental sustainability can be increased by the addition of supplementary cementitious materials. The aim of this paper is to compare the hydration behaviour and the technical properties of a blast furnace slag (17.5% by mass) or a coal fly ash (17.5% by mass)-blended BCSA binder with a plain BCSA-system. All the binders, containing 2.5% by mass of slaked lime, were investigated by means of calorimetric, X-ray diffraction and differential thermal-thermogravimetric analyses, mercury intrusion porosimetry, expansion/shrinkage tests and mechanical compressive strength measurements.
REUSE OF RETURN CONCRETE SLURRY WASTE IN MORTAR
Authors:   Islamic University of Technology, Bangladesh, Mohammed T. U. , Muttaqi M. A. ,   Islamic University of Technology, Bangladesh, Saleheen M. U. ,   Islamic University of Technology, Bangladesh, Reza M. ,   Islamic University of Technology, Bangladesh, Ali E. B. ,   Islamic University of Technology, Bangladesh, Mohammad Z. B. H. ,   Islamic University of Technology, Bangladesh
Published: August 2024

Return concrete slurry waste (RCSW), a by-product of the concrete manufacturing process and a combination of leftover cement particles, cement hydration products, and fine aggregates, is often disposed of in landfills. This study aims to evaluate the usage of RCSW as a filler material in fresh mortar. A novel technique for reusing RCSW by partially replacing fine aggregate in cement mortar has been investigated in this study. Mortar samples were prepared by partially substituting 5% and 10.5% volume of the natural river sand with RCSW, incorporating both CEM Type-I and CEM Type-II A-M cement. Certain proportions of CEM Type-I cement were also partially substituted with slag and fly ash. The specimens were tested for compressive strength, sorptivity, and Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity (UPV). The results revealed that RCSW can replace a part of fine aggregate and water in mortar, paving the way toward the sustainability of construction materials.
TRIAXIAL TEST OF HYDRATED LIME ON THE MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF HOT MIX ASPHALT CONCRETE
Authors:   University of Salford, UK, Al Ashaibi Azedin , Wang Yu ,   University of Salford, UK, Albayati Amjad ,   University of Baghdad, Iraq, Weekes Laurence ,   University of Salford, UK, Haynes Jonathan ,   University of Salford, UK
Published: August 2024

This paper reports on the experimental study, which conducted a series of triaxial tests for the asphalt concrete using hydrated lime as a mineral additive. Three HMA mixes, prepared by the specification for wearing, levelling and base layers, were studied under three different temperatures. The test results have demonstrated that, compared with the control mixes excluding HL, the permanent deformation resistance of the HL modified mixes has significant improvement. The deformation has been reduced at the same load repetition number, meanwhile the flow number has been considerably increased. The degree of improvement in permanent deformation resistance using HL is more pronounced at high stress deviation states and high temperature. The results have also showed that the resilient modulus strongly depends on the temperature and stress deviation while the mixes of HL addition demonstrate having higher stiffness/rigidity. Lastly, mathematical characterization models have been proposed for the measured material properties.
NON-CARBONATE ALKALI-ACTIVATED BINDERS UTILIZING NATURAL POZZOLAN, LIMESTONE POWDER, SILICOMANGANESE FUME, AND RED MUD
Authors:   King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Saudi Arabia, Ahmad Shamsad ,   King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Saudi Arabia, Al-Duais Ibrahim N.A. ,   King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Saudi Arabia, Al-Osta Mohammed A. ,   King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Saudi Arabia,   King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Saudi Arabia
Published: August 2024

This study aimed to develop non-carbonate alkali-activated binders utilizing natural and industrial waste materials in addition to small quantity of ordinary Portland cement (OPC) as precursor materials. Precursor materials were activated using the mixture of sodium hydroxide and sodium silicate solutions. Initial trials were carried out to optimize the proportioning of the precursor materials and the levels of activation parameters and to select suitable curing regimes. Using three combinations of natural pozzolan and OPC and keeping percentages of other precursors and activation parameters invariant at their optimum levels and two selected curing regimes, six mixtures of alkali-activated concrete (AAC) were prepared. The AAC mixtures were tested to determine their microstructural and mechanical properties, drying shrinkage, and durability characteristics. Test results exhibited the significant effects of the percentage of OPC and curing regime on the properties of AAC with optimum performance at an OPC content of 20% and curing using steam.
Motivations of Applicants to Academic Programs of the Faculty of Physical Training
Authors:   Degree-Seeking Student of the Faculty of Physical Training and Sports of the Federal State University of Education, Zaretskaya Anastasia E. , Korolkov Aleksey N. ,   Associate Professor of the Faculty of Physical Training and Sports of the Federal State University, Smirnova Maria N. ,   Assistant of the Faculty of Physical Training and Sports of the Federal State University of Education
Published: August 2024

The article discusses the issues of determining the motives of applicants for admission to the Faculty of Physical Education and identifying the reasons. The survey was conducted on groups of students of the Faculty of Physical Culture and Sports of the State University of Education. 90 students of different sports specializations took part in the survey: 31 1st year students, 20 2nd year students, 23 3rd year students and 16 4th year students. As a result of the survey, the leading motives for admission were identified, the types and ratios of internal and external motives for admission were established, differences in admission motives depending on the applicant's gender were revealed. The results obtained can serve as a basis for the development of a questionnaire with a dichotomous interval rating scale, in which the weight of each answer will be evaluated by the respondent in points, and the final score will be calculated as the average weight of all answers.
Methodological Planning and Data Collection. Ensuring a Valid and Credible Research of a Questionnaire Survey in Social Work
Authors: Nistor Petronela Polixenia
Published: August 2024

The validity and credibility of scientific research are determined by the strictness of planning and elaborating each stage of the research, by correlating the purpose of the research with the chosen research method, by avoiding methodological planning errors, as well as by carrying out each research stage in a manner that excludes errors in data collection, processing and interpretation. In the field of social work, par excellence, the value of an empirical research is conferred, among other things, by the possibility of extrapolating the conclusions of that research to similar situations in the practical activity of social workers, in case work with the beneficiaries of social work services. Due to the close connection between research and practice in this field of social sciences, the methodological design must be transparent and convincing, so as to give practitioners a high degree of confidence in the conclusions of the scientific study, as well as the possibility to capitalize on its informative benefits. So, methodological errors of research projects carried out in the field of social work can have a much wider and more tangible negative impact than in the case of other fields of science, at least from a pragmatic point of view, when theory is translated to practical applicability, and the scientific study is implemented in case work performed with the beneficiaries. This study aims to analyze the questionnaire survey in social work, by highlighting the main methodological errors that can affect the validity of such an empirical study, in order to identify the optimal solutions for a correct planning and methodological development of the scientific study.
Book Review of “Planificarea teritoriala integratã a unui sistem montan complex. Microregiunea Bazinul Dornelor” [Integrated Territorial Planning of a Complex Mountain System. Dornelor Basin Microregion], authored by Daniela Antonescu, LUMEN Publishing, 2024
Authors: Rey Radu
Published: August 2024

The book titled “Planificarea teritoriala integrata a unui sistem montan complex. Microregiunea Bazinul Dornelor” [Integrated Territorial Planning of a Complex Mountain System. Dornelor Basin Microregion], published in April 2024, is the latest book by the author, Daniela Antonescu, scientific researcher II at the Mountain Economy Center of the Romanian Academy. With over 25 years of experience in academic research, the author follows the trajectory of the integrated territorial planning and development process in the Dornelor Basin Microregion, providing a complete, relevant and objective picture of the profile of this Romanian mountain area characterized by a special beauty and importance.
Prevention of overweight and obesity in children and adolescents
Authors: Kiciak Agata , Słoma-Krześlak Małgorzata , Szczepańska Elżbieta , Białek-Dratwa Agnieszka , Bielaszka Agnieszka , Staśkiewicz-Bartecka Wikoria , Jaruga-Sękowska Sylwia , Nowak Justyna , Kowalski Oskar
Published: August 2024

Profilaktyka nadwagi i otyłości u dzieci i młodzieży koncentruje się na edukacji i promowaniu zdrowego stylu życia. Światowa Organizacja Zdrowia wskazuje na wzrost poziomu zachorowalności na chorobę otyłościową; od 1975 r. poziom ten wzrósł niemal 3-krotnie, a choroba dotyka obecnie wszystkie grupy społeczno-gospodarcze niezależnie od wieku czy pochodzenia etnicznego. Szczególnie alarmujące jest zwiększenie częstości występowania otyłości wśród dzieci i młodzieży. Prognozy wskazują, że do 2025 r. choroba ta może dotyczyć nawet 268 milionów młodych osób w wieku 5–17 lat. Przyczyny tego problemu są złożone, obejmując czynniki genetyczne, środowiskowe, psychologiczne, a także nieprawidłowe zachowania żywieniowe i zbyt niski poziom aktywności fizycznej. Brak precyzyjnych danych epidemiologicznych i systematycznej kontroli nad problemem otyłości wśród dzieci i młodzieży stanowi w Polsce poważne wyzwanie. Istotne jest podjęcie skutecznych działań profilaktycznych, obejmujących edukację żywieniową i promowanie aktywności fizycznej, w celu zmiany nawyków i zapobiegania otyłości. Projekty takie jak „Kolorowo znaczy zdrowo”, „6–10–14 dla Zdrowia” czy „Zdrowa Ja” wskazują na potrzebę wieloaspektowego podejścia do problemu, angażującego instytucje rządowe, szkoły, rodziny i organizacje pozarządowe. Skuteczna walka z otyłością wymaga długofalowych strategii, kompleksowych działań edukacyjnych i zdrowotnych, które będą promować zdrowe wybory i zmieniać społeczne postawy wobec żywienia i aktywności fizycznej. Wdrażanie tych strategii jest kluczowe dla poprawy jakości życia i zdrowia dzieci oraz młodzieży, a także dla redukcji długoterminowych konsekwencji zdrowotnych i społecznych związanych z otyłością.
Drama as a method of health education: the case of project “Health Steps”
Authors: Drzazga Marcin , Wojtasik Tomasz
Published: August 2024

W pracy opisano działania pedagogiczne podjęte w ramach projektu „Schody Zdrowia – edukacja i nauka wyznacznikiem zdrowego i otwartego społeczeństwa”, koncentrując się na metodzie dramy, oraz przybliżono wnioski z ewaluacji jakościowej wśród zaangażowanych w projekt nauczycieli.
Ergonomics principles during learning and play for students at school and at home
Authors: Grabska- Klein Ewelina , Sołtys Jacek , Wysocka Regina , Mikuś- Nowak Malwina , Brzęk Anna
Published: August 2024

Celem pracy było przedstawienie podstawowych zasad ergonomii w trakcie nauki i zabawy dziecka, z uwzględnieniem zasad fizjoprofilaktyki przyjmowanych przez dziecko pozycji. W sposób szczegółowy opisano aspekty biomechaniczne i kinezjologiczne pozycji siedzącej i dodatkowych punktów podparcia. Na rycinach przedstawiono prawidłowe i nieprawidłowe pozycje siedzące, opisując je szczegółowo z uwzględnieniem regulacji prawnych. Opracowanie może stać się poradnikiem dla dzieci i rodziców, jednak wyłącznie dzieci i młodzieży bez istniejących nieprawidłowości w obrębie postawy ciała. W przypadku stwierdzenia jakichkolwiek wad postawy ciała czy deformacji kręgosłupa należy skonsultować się z fizjoterapeutą w celu indywidualnego podejścia.
A quality of body posture in early school-aged children after a pandemic and selected lifestyle components – preliminary report
Authors: Wysocka Regina , Sołtys Jacek , Mikuś-Nowak Malwina , Grabska-Klein Ewelina , Jaunich Aleksandra , Brzęk Anna
Published: August 2024

WSTĘP:

Istnieje wiele modyfikowalnych czynników ryzyka, które zakłócają prawidłowy rozwój motoryczny, w tym rozwój postawy ciała. Nieprawidłowe pozycje ciała, częste korzystanie z urządzeń elektronicznych, a także pasywność ruchowa, które nasiliły się w okresie pandemii, mają związek z występowaniem nieprawidłowości w obrębie postawy ciała. Głównym celem pracy była ocena jakości postawy ciała dzieci oraz próba oszacowania związku występowania nieprawidłowości w obrębie postawy ciała z poziomem aktywności fizycznej.

MATERIAŁ I METODY:

Badaniom pilotażowym poddano próbę 200 dzieci z klas wczesnoszkolnych szkół na terenie Śląska w wieku 6–10 lat (x = 8,25 ± 1,06). Badanych podzielono na dwie podgrupy o równej liczebności: 100 dziewcząt (grupa I) i 100 chłopców (grupa II). Grupy nie różniły się pod względem wieku (p = 0,07). Ocenie poddano po-stawę ciała we wszystkich trzech płaszczyznach z użyciem pionu, skoliometru oraz inklinometru, a także stan funkcjonalny testami Thomayera i Matthiasa. Analizy składu masy ciała i pomiaru wysokości ciała dokonano z użyciem analizatora i wzrostomierza Tanita z przeliczaniem względem siatek centylowych dla masy, wysokości ciała i wskaźnika masy ciała (body mass index – BMI).

WYNIKI:

Wady w płaszczyźnie strzałkowej w obu odcinkach piersiowym i lędźwiowym stwierdzono u około 20% badanych w obu grupach, bez związku z poziomem aktywności fizycznej. W obu grupach stwierdzono zbyt długi czas ekranowy oraz czas w pozycji siedzącej. Aktywność fizyczna była w zdecydowanej większości poniżej zaleceń Światowej Organizacji Zdrowia (World Health Organization – WHO).

WNIOSKI:

U dzieci w młodszym wieku szkolnym obserwuje się liczne nieprawidłowości w obrębie postawy ciała, niezwiązane z poziomem aktywności fizycznej. Dzieci korzystają z czasu ekranowego i spędzają czas w pozycji siedzącej zbyt długo, nie spełniając rekomendacji WHO w zakresie umiarkowanej i intensywnej aktywności fizycznej.
What are the Enablers and Impacts of Digital Financial Services? An Updated Evidence Gap Map
Authors: Mader Philip
Published: August 2024

This paper supersedes a report published in May 2022 on an earlier version of the online interactive evidence gap map (EGM) on digital financial services (DFS) (Mader et al. 2022a). The current EGM can be found and explored here. This paper presents the results of a more recent updated search for studies. Our initial search in 2021 had identified 205 relevant studies, of which 40 studies were categorised by us as high confidence, 97 as medium confidence, and 68 as low confidence. The update search in November 2022 identified a further 521 studies for the period from May 2021 to November 2022. Of these, 315 met our inclusion criteria and were assessed based on the same criteria as before. We categorised 19 of these studies as high confidence, 129 as medium confidence, and 167 as low confidence. In terms of findings from the EGM following the update, we note that the evidence base has continued growing rapidly, showing topical and geographic clusters as well as important gaps. Notably, between 2021 and 2022, low-confidence studies were published at a much faster rate than high-confidence studies. Methodologically, the evidence base is still dominated by quantitative approaches, and experimental study designs dominate among the high-confidence studies. The geographical focus of many studies remains East Africa and South Asia, although the update indicates a widening geographical scope, with a considerable number of studies now focusing on China. The dominant service studied remains mobile money, although more recent studies have also examined ‘DFS’ in general as well as broader categorisations such as ‘fintech’, which include mobile banking and/or mobile money.
Tempyra biguttula (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Rhyparochromidae), a new alien species in the fauna of Croatia
Authors:   Department of Entomology, National Museum of the Czech Republic, Cirkusová 1740, CZ-193 00 Praha – Horní Počernice, Czech Republic, Kment Petr
Published: August 2024

Tempyra biguttula Stål, 1874 (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Lygaeoidea: Rhyparochromidae: Rhyparochrominae: Udeocorini) is a minute seed bug species native in the USA, Mexico and Caribbean. The first record of this alien species in Croatia is provided here based on a single specimen attracted to light in the Pelješac Peninsula (southern Dalmatia) in 2023. This finding is in accordance with the current spread of the species in the Mediterranean area from west to east. A review of the available data concerning the biology and distribution of the species is provided. The identification of T. biguttula within Euro-Mediterranean fauna is addressed and its distribution in that area is mapped. The unusual teratological case of the bilateral asymmetrical oligomery of the antennae of the examined specimen is described.
Saúde Mental e Alteração de Peso durante a Pandemia da Covid-19 no Sul do Brasil
Authors: Martins Carla Damasio , Quadra Micaela Rabelo , Meller Fernanda Oliveira , Tomasi Cristiane Damiani , Miranda Vanessa Iribarrem Avena
Published: August 2024

Introdução: Durante a pandemia de covid-19, a ocorrência de desordens psicossociais e de alteração de peso foi observada nas populações. Sendo assim, o objetivo foi avaliar a associação entre sintomas de saúde mental e percepção de alteração de peso durante a pandemia da covid-19 em adultos do município de Siderópolis, localizado no sul de Santa Catarina. Métodos: Estudo transversal de base populacional realizado com indivíduos com idade igual ou superior a 18 anos. A percepção de alteração de peso (diminuição ou aumento) foi o desfecho, e a presença de sintomas de saúde mental foi a exposição. Regressão de Poisson ajustada foi utilizada para avaliar a associação com seus resultados sendo expressos como razão de prevalência (RP). Resultados: Foram estudados 609 indivíduos, dos quais 66,5% reportaram sintomas de saúde mental; 26,4%, aumento; e 16,7%, diminuição de peso. Indivíduos com sintoma de saúde mental tiveram uma prevalência 55% maior de percepção de aumento de peso (IC95% 1,34-2,55), comparados aos que não tinham sintomas. Não foi observada associação com a diminuição do peso. Conclusão: O desenvolvimento de estratégias em saúde que considerem a alimentação como fator influenciador na saúde mental, especialmente após a pandemia de covid-19, é essencial para a população.
Efeitos da Pandemia da Covid-19 na Experiência de Profissionais e Usuários do CAPS AD III
Authors: Silva Stefhane Santana Da , Nascimento Ladislau Ribeiro do
Published: August 2024

Declarou-se o início da pandemia da covid-19 em março de 2020, configurando-se como uma crise sanitária internacional. Assim, a pesquisa objetivou analisar seus efeitos na experiência de profissionais e usuários de um Centro de Atenção Psicossocial Álcool e Outras Drogas III (CAPS AD III). Realizou-se um estudo exploratório de abordagem qualitativa, apoiado em revisão bibliográfica e entrevistas narrativas. Recorreu-se à análise de conteúdo que resultou na produção de categorias e subcategorias temáticas, posteriormente articuladas com dados da revisão e com os pressupostos teóricos da pesquisa. As análises resultaram em quatro categorias temáticas que englobam efeitos da pandemia, riscos ao campo da saúde, movimentos de resistência e estratégias de enfrentamento aos efeitos gerados pela crise no cotidiano de trabalho na instituição. A pandemia provocou interrupção de práticas coletivas, reorganização do fluxo de atendimentos, redução do número de vagas para o acolhimento 24h, perda de espaços de convivência, e exigiu a utilização das chamadas Tecnologias Digitais da Informação e Comunicação (TDICs) para realização das atividades. Identificou-se a necessidade de investimentos em processos formativos por meio da educação permanente e da educação popular em saúde, com o objetivo de promover a produção coletiva das estratégias de enfrentamento à pandemia.
Kidung Koplo as a Media for Preserving Javanese Language for the Millennial Generation of Javanese Diaspora in South Sumatera
Authors: Rohmawati Yulia , Mumtaz Rafida , Azzah Iftifaroh , Khusyairi Johny Alfian
Published: August 2024

This article aims to examine the use of Javanese dangdut koplo music and Kidung Koplo podcast as alternative media for preserving Javanese language among the millennial generation of Javanese diaspora in South Sumatra. Javanese dangdut koplo is very popular among the millennial generation throughout Indonesia. On the other hand, podcast is also considered as a very high popularity trend among the millennial generation. Hence, the use of Javanese dangdut koplo music and podcasts is assumed to be a potential alternative media in preserving Javanese language. To pursue the aim of this article, a qualitative-descriptive approach was used. To collect data, interviews, observations, and literature study then were conducted. The primary sources in this article were language and culture experts; the history of dangdut koplo music development; dangdung koplo singers; as well as the millennials of Javanese diaspora in South Sumatra. The results showed that Kidung Koplo podcasts presenting dangdut songs with translations and meanings were able to increase understanding and insight of the millennials into Javanese language still poorly mastered. In conclusion, digital media that is popular among young people can be used as a means of education and preservation, therefore, podcasts then can increase the interest and ability of millennials to understand new knowledge, in this case Javanese.
Naming and Branding of Madurese Traditional Culinary
Authors: Ekawati Rosyida , Ayuningtiyas Diah Ikawati
Published: August 2024

Madura has diverse culinary specialties. This aspect of culinary naming and branding is interesting to study in relation to culinary tourism. This study aims to explain aspects of food naming and their patterns in traditional Sumenep culinary delights. In addition, it also explains the branding aspects of the food. Data on food names were obtained from the official tourism guidebook issued by the Office of Culture, Youth, Sports, and Tourism of Sumenep Regency. The results of this research show that aspects of food naming are derived from the food ingredients used, the uniqueness of the food, and the culinary origin, emphasizing its origin from Madura. The food naming uses patterns of words and phrases. If it is used a single word then the name of the food is unique, and if it is used a phrase pattern then  the  second  word explains the first word, either for material or origin. Meanwhile, the culinary  branding aspect in the tourist guidebook is to use explanations of authentic, distinctive, easy to find, delicious, affordable prices and cultural heritage. The terms used provide a positive image for traditional Madurese culinary delights.
Review of One Health in the Galápagos Islands (Part 1): Historical Perspective, Invasive Species, and Emerging Infectious Diseases
Authors: Jimenez Isabel , Vega-Mariño Patricio , Villacres Tamia , Houck Emma
Published: August 2024

The Galápagos archipelago is a vast reservoir of terrestrial and marine biodiversity, owing in large part to its relatively recent volcanic genesis and colonization by humans. This unique ecological system is particularly susceptible to human, animal, and environmental impacts. Climate change, globalization, and the blurring of human-domestic animal-wildlife interfaces are poised to bring new threats and challenges to the region. A One Health perspective that simultaneously considers human, animal, and environmental health is imperative in assessing and mitigating the challenges facing the Galápagos Islands.In Part I of this review, we provide the historical context for biodiversity in the archipelago; discuss the role of invasive species in habitat destruction, fragmentation, and competition with endemic species; and summarize the established and emerging infectious disease threats. We also discuss the imperative to implement research, surveillance, and preventative measures to identify and manage future threats from a One Health perspective, with a specific emphasis on implications for wildlife health. In Part II, we outline the socioeconomic context of life in the Galápagos Islands, evaluate the current and predicted effects of climate change, and discuss direct anthropogenic factors affecting Galápagos biodiversity, such as tourism, fishing, pollution, and the illegal wildlife trade. We also examine the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in the region. Throughout this two-part review, we build a cohesive picture of One Health in the Galápagos Islands by integrating past work, current needs, and emerging threats. We also consider overarching goals for conservation, ecosystem management, and socioeconomic sustainability that have been previously defined by both governmental and non-governmental stakeholders, and we identify discrete, implementable, and interdisciplinary recommendations that will facilitate achievement of those goals.
Thermochemical Transformation of Municipal Household Solid Waste Fractions into Bio-Oils and Bio-Adsorbents
Authors: Borges Higor Ribeiro , Assunção Fernanda Paula da Costa , Pereira Diogo Oliveira , Hamoy Guerreiro Lauro Henrique , Da Paz Simone Patrícia Aranha , Santos Marcelo Costa , Corrêa Onésimo Amorim , Ferreira Jorge Fernando Hungria , De Castro Douglas Alberto Rocha , De Sousa Brandão Isaque Wilkson , Mendonça Neyson Martins , Pereira José Almir Rodrigues , Monteiro Marta Chagas , Duvoisin, Jr. Sergio , Menezes André Oliveira , Borges Luiz Eduardo Pizarro , Machado Nélio Teixeira
Published: August 2024

This work aims to investigate the effect of process temperature and catalyst content by thermochemical degradation of municipal solid waste (MSW) fraction (organic matter + paper + plastic) on the yield of reaction products (bio-oil, biochar, H2O and gas), physi-cochemical properties and chemical composition of bio-oils, as well as on the morphol-ogy and crystalline phases of biochar in laboratory scale. The organic matter, paper and plastic segregated from the gravimetric composition of total waste sample were subject-ed to the pre-treatments of drying, crushing and sieving. Thermal pyrolysis was per-formed at 400, 450 and 475 °C and 1.0 atmosphere, and catalytic pyrolysis at 450°C and 1.0 atmosphere, using 5.0, 10.0 and 15.0% (wt.) of FCC zeolite, bath mode, using a laboratory-scale borosilicate glass reactor. The bio-oil was characterized for acidic val-ue. The chemical functions present in the bio-oil identified by FT-IR and the composi-tion by GC-MS. Biochar was characterized by SEM/EDS and XRD. Thermal pyrolysis of the MSW fraction shows bio-oil yields between 9.44 and 9.24% (wt), aqueous phase yields between 21.93 and 18.78% (wt), solid phase yields between 67.97 and 40.34% (wt) and gas yields between 28.27 and 5.92% (wt). The bio-oil yield decreased with in-creasing process temperature. For the experiments using FCC, the biochar and gas yields slightly increased with increasing FCC content, while that of bio-oil decreased and the H2O phase remained constant. GC-MS of bio-oils identified the presence of hy-drocarbons and oxygenates, as well as nitrogen-containing compounds including am-ides and amines. The acidity of the bio-oil increased with increasing temperature and with the aid of FCC as a catalyst. The presence of hydrocarbons in bio-oil was identified by the addition of FCC catalyst due to the deoxygenation of carboxylic acids, followed by decarboxylation and decarbonylation reactions, producing aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons.
In Vitro Utilization of Prebiotics by Listeria monocytogenes
Authors: Kodešová Tereza , Mašlejová Anna , Vlková Eva , Musilová Šárka , Horváthová Kristýna , Šubrtová Salmonová Hana
Published: August 2024

Listeria monocytogenes is an emerging pathogen responsible for the serious foodborne disease, listeriosis. The commensal gut microbiota is the first line of defense against pathogen internalization. The gut microbiome can be modified by prebiotic substrates, which are frequently added to food products and dietary supplements. Prebiotics should selectively support the growth of beneficial microbes and thus improve host health. Nevertheless, little is known about their effect on the growth of L. monocytogenes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the growth ability of four L. monocytogenes strains, representing the most common serotypes, on prebiotic oligosaccharides (beta-(1,3)-D-glucan, inulin, fructooligosaccharides, galactooligosaccharides, lactulose, raffinose, stachyose, and 2´-fucosyllactose and a mixture of human milk oligosaccharides) as a sole carbon source. The results showed that only beta-(1,3)-D-glucan was metabolized by L. monocytogenes. Therefore, the safety of beta-(1,3)-D-glucan with respect to listeriosis development should be further studied.
Computationally Rationalising the Conformational Dynamics of Pseudo-Endocannabinoid Receptors CB1 and CB2 with Cannabidiol
Authors: Achilonu Ikechukwu
Published: August 2024

This study provides a comprehensive analysis of the conformational dynamics of pseudo-endocannabinoid receptors (p-CBRs) CB1 and CB2 in response to ligand binding. The ligands studied include N-arachidonoyl dopamine (NADA), Cannabidiol (CBD), known agonists (FUB-MDMB and E3R), and inverse agonists (Taranabant and AM630). Using homology models based on crystal structures (PDB ID: 5U09 for CB1 and 5ZTY for CB2), molecular docking, and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, the research validates the structural integrity and dynamic behaviours of these pseudo-receptors. Induced-fit docking revealed NADA as having the highest binding affinity for both receptors, with docking scores of −13.92 kcal/mol for CB1 and −13.32 kcal/mol for CB2, facilitated by key hydrogen bond interactions. MD simulations over 250 ns at ~298 K showed successful equilibration, indicating the most stable interaction for NADA, thereby further validating the models. CB1 and CB2 exhibited distinct conformational responses to ligands, with Cα RMSD and Cα RMSF analyses suggesting a more rigid binding pocket for CB1 and a flexible binding pocket for CB2. These findings highlight the significance of receptor behaviour and dynamics in the development of cannabinoid-based therapeutics, supporting the potential of CBD and NADA as modulators for CB1 and CB2, respectively.
Utilizing Insects as Bioindicators: An Approximation for Conservation in Urban Lentic Ecosystems from Central Chile
Authors: Rodríguez Sebastián , Huerta Amanda , Palma Álvaro , Vicencio Francisco , Araya Jaime E.
Published: August 2024

Regulations and guidelines on water quality are used according to physicochemical but scarcely biological variables to protect ecosystems and control water use. This study innovates using in-sects as bioindicators to establish the health status of an aquatic ecosystem in the Latin American's lentic bodies. Water quality in urban lentic bodies in the Metropolitan Region, Chile, was evaluated from of aquatic insect assemblages and physicochemical variables for conserving aquatic life. Evaluations were carried out in parallel in four sampling stations in three water bodies, two seasons, and 2–3-year series, with three replicates. Aquatic insects were randomly sampled and identified by families; abundance, and richness differences were compared with non-parametric tests. Family Biotic Indices (FBI) were calculated. Physicochemical variables were measured using portable multiparametric and laboratory chemical analysis to determine water quality. A new physicochemical variable (total suspended solids) was established, which had a greater incidence with the results obtained for the FBI. Based on the nitrogen and phosphorus levels in the water bodies, all of them were eutrophics. Given the ecosystem diversity and complexity, studies should delve deeper into wetlands to establish methods that contribute to determining water quality, using insects as bioindicators and physicochemical variables.
Identification of the Carboxylesterase, Nl-EST1 Gene Expression Regulation Possibly Involved in Carbamate Insecticide Resistance in Brown Planthopper Nilaparvata lugens
Authors: Khan Murtaza , Han Changhee , Choi Nakjung , Kim Juil
Published: August 2024

Carbamate insecticides have been used for over four decades to control brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens, but resistance has been reported in many countries, including Korea. The test results on resistance to fenobucarb showed that the LC50 values were 3.08 for the susceptible strain, 10.61 for the 2015 population, and 73.98 for the 2019 population. Compared to the susceptible strain, the 2015 and 2019 populations exhibited resistance levels 3.4 and 24.2 times higher, respectively. To elucidate the reason for the varying levels of resistance to fenobucarb in these populations, mutations in the ace1 gene, the target site of carbamate, were investigated, but no previously reported mutations were confirmed. Through RNAseq analysis focusing on the expression of detoxification enzyme genes as an alternative resistance mechanism, it was found that the carboxylesterase gene Nl-EST1 was overexpressed 2.4 times in the 2015 population and 4.7 times in the 2019 population compared to the susceptible strain. This indicates a strong correlation between the level of resistance development in each population and the expression level of Nl-EST1. Previously, Nl-EST1 was reported in an organophosphorus insecticide-resistant strain of Sri Lanka 2000. Thus, Nl-EST1 is crucial for developing resistance to organophosphorus and carbamate insecticides. Resistance-related genes such as Nl-EST1 could serve as expression markers for resistance diagnosis, and it can apply to integrated resistance management of N. lugens.
Converging Pathways between Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD) and Diabetes in Children
Authors: FAIENZA MARIA FELICIA , Farella Ilaria , Khalil Mohamad , Portincasa Piero
Published: August 2024

In the past thirty years, childhood obesity rates have risen significantly worldwide, affecting over 340 million children in affluent nations. This surge is intricately tied to metabolic disorders, notably insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and the continually evolving spectrum of metabolic-associated (dysfunction) steatotic liver disease (MASLD). This review underscores the alarming escalation of childhood obesity and delves comprehensively into the evolving and dynamic changes of nomenclature surrounding diverse conditions of hepatic steatosis, from the initial recognition of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) to the progressive evolution into MASLD. Moreover, it emphasizes the crucial role of pediatric endocrinologists in thoroughly and accurately investigating MASLD onset in children with T2DM where each condition influences and exacerbates the progression of the other. The review critically highlights the inadequacies of current screening strategies and diagnosis, stressing the need for a paradigm shift. A proposed solution involves the integration of hepatic magnetic resonance imaging assessment in the diagnostic arsenal for children showing insufficient glycaemic control and weight loss post-T2DM diagnosis, thereby complementing conventional liver enzyme testing. This holistic approach aims to significantly enhance diagnostic precision, fostering improved outcomes in this vulnerable high-risk pediatric population.
Computerized Penetrometry Methodology Assisted by Advanced Algorithms Applied in the Multi-dimensional Analysis of the Rheology of Mold-Ripened Cheeses and Its Impact on Food Product Quality
Authors: Ipate George , Pana Gratiela Florinela , Ilie Filip
Published: August 2024

The main objective of our study was to understand the rheological behavior of various types of cheeses with mold subjected to multiple stresses during processing/handling, transport, or storage, aiming to maintain or even improve product quality, using computer-assisted penetration methods, and advanced regression algorithms. Uniaxial penetration tests with a cone at a constant speed were conducted using a universal Hounsfield HK1S testing equipment connected to a computer to analyze the texture behavior (tangential stress, flow index, apparent viscosity) of four of the most common types of cheese with mold, depending on the cone's tip angle (9, 19, and 90°) and penetration speed (12, 30, and 60 mm/min). From the results obtained for the four categories of mold cheeses (Brie, Camembert, Dorblue, or Roquefort), the amplitude of the speed and angle of penetration were considered as the main influencing factors for the shear deformation (τc), flow index (Kf), and apparent viscosity (ηa). The moisture and firmness of the mold cheeses are closely linked and depend on the type of mold, the maturation process, or storage conditions. Careful control of these factors is essential to achieve the desired texture and taste characteristics in cheeses with mold.
Needs-Assessment for an Artificial Intelligence-based Chatbot for Pharmacists in HIV Care: Results from a Knowledge-Attitudes-Practices Survey
Authors: Laymouna Moustafa , Ma Yuanchao , Lessard David , Engler Kim , Therrien Rachel , Schuster Tibor , Vicente Serge , Achiche Sofiane , El Haj Maria Nait , Lemire Benoit , Kawaiah Abdalwahab , Lebouché Bertrand
Published: August 2024

Background: Pharmacists need up-to-date knowledge and decision-making support in HIV care. We aim to develop MARVIN-Pharma, an adapted artificial intelligence-based chatbot initially for people with HIV, to assist pharmacists, considering evidence-based needs.
Methods: From Dec 2022 to Dec 2023, an online needs-assessment survey evaluated Québec pharmacists' knowledge, attitudes, involvement, and barriers relative to HIV care, alongside perceptions relevant to the usability of MARVIN-Pharma. Recruitment involved convenience and snowball sampling, targeting National HIV and Hepatitis Mentoring Program affiliates.
Results: Forty-one pharmacists (28 community, 13 hospital-based) across 15 Québec municipalities participated. Participants perceived their HIV knowledge as moderate (M=3.74/6). They held largely favorable attitudes towards providing HIV care (M=4.02/6). They reported a “little” involvement in the delivery of HIV care services (M=2.08/5), most often ART adherence counseling, refilling, and monitoring. The most common barriers reported to HIV care delivery were a lack of time, staff resources, clinical tools, and HIV information/training, with pharmacists at least somewhat agreeing that they experienced each (M≥4.00/6). On average, MARVIN-Pharma's acceptability and compatibility were in the ‘undecided’ range (M=4.34, M=4.13/7, respectively), while pharmacists agreed to their self-efficacy to use online health services (M=5.6/7).
Conclusion: MARVIN-Pharma might help address pharmacists' knowledge gaps and barriers to HIV treatment and care, but pharmacist engagement in the chatbot’s development seems vital for its future uptake and usability.
Antimicrobial Effects of Antibiotics in Combination with Oregano Essential Oil against Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Ermenlieva Neli , Tsankova Gabriela , Nedelcheva Gergana , Stamova Sylvia , Laleva Krasimira , Georgieva Emiliya
Published: August 2024

The antimicrobial resistance to clinically approved antibiotics is rapidly increasing worldwide. Staphylococcus aureus is a critical contributor to deaths associated with antibiotic resistance. In this regard, the search for natural compounds is quite active, that alone or in combination with other agents can be effective as new antibacterial agents. The antibacterial activity of essential oils has presented an increasing interest during the last years and was effective even on multidrug-resistant strains. The present study aims to investigate the interaction effects of oregano essential oil (OEO) with some conventional antibiotics against Staphylococcus aureus tested by agar methods. For this purpose, we selected S. aureus ATCC 29213 and five clinical isolates representative of the species. The essential oil was analyzed using gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The analysis of the Oregano essential oil revealed the main component to be carvacrol (81,20%). Concentration 2.5% (v/v) OEO was combined with drugs proposed by EUCAST, 2024, specifically penicillin, cefoxitin, erythromycin, gentamycin and tetracycline. The research results showed that the combination of OEO with penicillin, cefoxitin, erythromycin, and tetracycline enhanced the antimicrobial activity of the antibiotics against S. aureus in almost all cases. The area of suppression remained identical (but not smaller) in the unaffected cases. When comparing the effects of the GEN-OEO combination and GEN against most S. aureus strains, a decrease in antimicrobial activity was reported by the diffusion agar method.
Wearable Sensor-Based Assessments for Remotely Screening Early-Stage Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Johnson Shane , Kantartjis Michalis , Severson Joan , Dorsey E. Ray , Adams Jamie L , Kangarloo Tairmae , Kostrzebski Melissa A , Best Allen , Merickel Michael , Amato Dan , Severson Brian , Jezewski Sean , Polyak Steve , Keil Anna , Cosman Josh , Anderson David
Published: August 2024

Prevalence estimates of Parkinson’s disease (PD) – the fastest growing neurodegenerative disease – are underestimated due to issues surrounding diagnostic accuracy, symptomatic undiagnosed cases, suboptimal prodromal monitoring, and limited screening access. Remotely monitored wearable devices and sensors provide precise, objective, and frequent measures of motor and non-motor symptoms. Here, we used consumer-grade wearable device and sensor data from the WATCH-PD study to develop a PD screening tool aimed at eliminating gaps between patient symptoms and diagnosis. Early-stage PD (n=82) and age-matched comparison (n=50) participants completed a multidomain assessment battery during a one-year longitudinal multicenter study. Using disease- and behavior-relevant feature engineering and multivariate machine learning modeling of early-stage PD status, we developed a highly accurate (92.3%), sensitive (90.0%), and specific (100%) Random Forest classification model (AUC=0.92) that performed well across environmental contexts. These findings provide robust support for further exploring consumer-grade wearable devices and sensors for global population-wide PD screening and surveillance.
Assessment of Rapid Antigen Diagnostic Tests at Mass Events: Identifying Optimal Floor Plan Configurations for Enhanced Efficiency
Authors: Khan Anas A , Turki Ahmad F
Published: August 2024

Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the necessity for rapid, efficient testing at large-scale events. Developing rapid and efficient testing methods was critical, especially for events with a high risk of virus spread. The queueing theory offers a powerful tool to manage the flow of people through testing centers. This study uses the M/M/c model to examine how different floor plan configurations impact the efficiency of RADT testing centers.
Aim of the study: This research applies queueing theory to optimize the Rapid Antigen Diagnostic Test (RADT) processes at mass gatherings. The study uses the M/M/c queueing model to evaluate the dynamics of RADT centers configured in U-shaped and straight-line layouts. The primary goal is to assess the feasibility of using RADTs efficiently at events and mass gathering entrances, aiming to enhance throughput and minimize wait times.
Methodology: The study involved 500 healthy participants, managed by medical staff across a U-shaped and a straight floor plans. Agile management techniques were employed to enhance operational efficiency. The process stages included queue number issuance, registration, sample collection, sample mixing, and results dissemination.
Results: Both floor plans enabled the completion of RADT screening in approximately 2 minutes per participant. The U-shaped layout slightly outperformed the straight-line setup in efficiency, demonstrating its effectiveness in optimizing the testing process.
Conclusion: This study confirms the feasibility of implementing Rapid Antigen Diagnostic Test (RADT) processes at mass gatherings. It was found that the U-shaped floor plan configuration is particularly effective, indicating its potential suitability for future mass testing scenarios.