bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pelvic Pain in Adolescents
Authors: As-Sanie Sawsan , Smorgick Noam
Published: December 2018

Dysmenorrhea and noncyclic pelvic pain (chronic pelvic pain) are common in adolescents. The evaluation of teens with dysmenorrhea or chronic pelvic pain is aimed to diagnose possible gynecologic conditions (endometriosis, pelvic inflammatory disease, ovarian cysts, and obstruction of the reproductive tract) and nongynecologic conditions (irritable bowel syndrome, interstitial cystitis, and myofascial pain). The management of chronic pelvic pain in adolescents is often more complex than in adult women because both the adolescent and her parents are counseled and addressed, and her long-term emotional and physical health, fertility, and sexuality are considered. Dysmenorrhea and chronic pelvic pain are often associated with depression and anxiety in adolescents. Thus, psychosocial counseling plays an important role in the management of these patients. This review will present a systematic approach to the evaluation and treatment of dysmenorrhea and chronic pelvic pain in adolescents.
Interstitial Cystitis/Bladder Pain Syndrome
Authors: Marcu Ioana , Campian E. , Tu Frank
Published: December 2018

Interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome is an uncommon but potentially devastating pelvic pain disorder affecting both women and men. This condition is often confusable and comorbid with other pelvic pain disorders. Although our understanding of the underlying pathophysiology is growing, the exact longitudinal course by which peripheral and central aberrations involving the bladder mucosa, peripheral inflammation, and central dysregulation of bladder sensitivity create painful bladder symptoms remains an area in need of further study. Only a limited number of drugs have been approved for treatment by the Food and Drug Administration, and overall durable efficacy of the many treatments reviewed in recent American Urological Association guidelines remains suboptimal, making awareness, early diagnosis, and use of effective treatments early in the disease course, where neural changes may still be reversible, imperative.
Opioids and Alternatives in Female Chronic Pelvic Pain
Authors: Valentine Lindsey , Deimling Timothy
Published: December 2018

Chronic pelvic pain is a complex condition with peripheral and central mechanisms of pain. Successful nonsurgical management typically relies on a multimodal approach, with integration of both pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic interventions. This article reviews nonpharmacologic therapies including pelvic floor physical therapy, dietary modifications, psychotherapy, and acupuncture. These interventions are low risk and should be incorporated into treatment for chronic pelvic pain, as they show promise for successful symptom relief in many overlapping chronic pain conditions. Common nonopioid medications for pelvic are also reviewed, including analgesics, hormone modulating agents, antidepressants, and anticonvulsants. Guidelines for cautious and responsible opioid use are also summarized. While data specific to chronic pelvic pain management remain limited, evidence supporting treatment of other chronic pain conditions is reviewed to help guide management.
Endometriosis and Female Pelvic Pain
Authors: Han Esther , Kim Jin Hee
Published: December 2018

Endometriosis is a nonmalignant gynecologic disorder that can have a significant impact on a woman's quality of life with pelvic pain and possible lasting effects on one's fertility. Symptoms, when present, can be severe and affect many organ systems including the gastrointestinal and urinary systems. Other etiologies of pelvic pain must be ruled out and/or need to be addressed concurrently for optimal patient care. There are numerous medical and surgical treatment options available that have been shown to be beneficial for endometriosis-related pelvic pain. Recurrence is common when medications are discontinued and even after surgical therapy. Ultimately, the treatment approach will be dependent on the needs of the patient, taking into consideration the patient's desire for fertility, symptoms, past treatment, and patient preferences.
A Novel Whole Blood Point-of-Care Coagulometer to Measure the Effect of Direct Oral Anticoagulants and Heparins
Authors: Ansell Jack , Zappe Stefan , Jiang Xuan , Chen Lirong , Steiner Solomon , Laulicht Bryan , Bakhru Sasha
Published: December 2018

The direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) currently require no monitoring for routine therapy of atrial fibrillation or venous thromboembolism. Measurement of activity, however, may be important in patients with major and life-threatening bleeding, patients needing emergent surgery, in reversal situations, or in patients at high risk of bleeding or thrombosis due to underlying conditions. For these patients, a widely available and rapid turnaround assay would be optimal. To date, there is no such assay available, especially for the direct factor Xa inhibitors. This report describes the performance of a new, rapid turnaround, point-of-care (PoC) assay for measuring the activity of a range of anticoagulants, including DOACs and heparins, in emergency situations and for routine measurement in high-risk patients. Perosphere Technologies' PoC coagulometer is a handheld instrument that performs individual coagulation tests on samples of fresh whole blood (∼10 µL) with clotting activated by glass contact and endpoint determination performed by infrared spectroscopy. In preclinical studies using rats anticoagulated with therapeutic doses of edoxaban or enoxaparin, the PoC coagulometer showed a strong linear correlation between pharmacokinetic parameters and clotting time with edoxaban (r
2 = 0.994) and with enoxaparin (r
2 = 0.967). These preclinical results suggest that this PoC coagulometer would be ideal to assess the pharmacodynamic effects of anticoagulants and their reversal agents. The PoC bedside instrument delivers results within minutes and requires no more than a drop of whole blood. Studies are underway to confirm these results in humans and to further characterize the performance of the instrument.
Utility of a Nurse-Led Pathway for Patients with Acute Venous Thromboembolism Discharged on Rivaroxaban: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Indran Tishya , Cummins Anita , Bennett Ashwini , Wood Erica , Brown Susan , McQuilten Zoe , Tran Huyen , Epi Master , Chan Noel , Chunilal Sanjeev , Lim Ming
Published: December 2018

The highest risk of adverse events for patients with acute venous thromboembolism (VTE) is during the early anticoagulation period. However, no established model exists for early clinical monitoring of patients treated with non–vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants (NOACs). The authors' aim was to evaluate the utility of a nurse-led pathway to minimize adverse events in acute VTE patients starting on rivaroxaban. The rivaroxaban VTE treatment pathway is a prospective cohort study of consecutive patients with objectively confirmed VTE between July 2015 and May 2017. Primary outcome was the proportion of patients identified at major risk of adverse events (bleeding or recurrent VTE). Secondary outcomes were rates of interventions, major or clinically relevant nonmajor bleeding (CRNMB), recurrent VTE, and all-cause mortality at 90 days. Among 304 participants, 5% (n = 15) were identified to be at major and 9% (n = 28) at possible risk for adverse events. Appropriate interventions to prevent harm were required in 40 patients. Rates of major bleeding, CRNMB, recurrence, and all-cause mortality were 0.3% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.1–1.8), 7.2% (95% CI: 4.8–10.7), 1.0 (95% CI: 0.3–2.9), and 1.6% (95% CI: 0.7–3.8), respectively. In conclusion, following discharge of acute VTE patients, a nurse-led pathway identified one in seven (14%) patients at major or possible risk of adverse events. Preemptive interventions to reduce harm translated into the low rates of bleeding and recurrence. The authors' experience highlights the feasibility and importance of a structured clinical surveillance pathway for acute VTE patients initiating NOAC therapy.
Obestatin Reduces Intestinal Damage in Experimental Necrotizing Enterocolitis in Newborn Rats
Authors: Korkut Sabriye , Özdemir Ahmet , Yay Arzu Hanım , Yalçın Betül , Ceylan Mahir , Korkmaz Levent , Yazıcı Cevat , Güntürk İnayet , Kurtoğlu Selim
Published: December 2018

Objective To investigate the effect of pretreatment with obestatin (OB), an endogenous hormone also found in mother's milk, in experimental necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC).

Study Design Pups were randomized into four groups: control, OB-control, NEC, and OB-NEC. NEC was induced by asphyxia and hypothermia in the NEC and OB-NEC groups. OB was administered to the OB-control and OB-NEC groups. Macroscopic scoring of the intestinal tract was evaluated and tissue samples were obtained for histopathological and biochemical examination on the fourth day.

Results OB improved the macroscopic appearance of the gut and the clinical score during the experiment (p  <  0.05). The rate of occurrence of NEC in the OB-NEC group was lower than the NEC group (p  =  0.001). OB prevented necrosis and reduced the number of apoptotic cells in the OB-NEC group compared with the NEC group (p  =  0.006). Furthermore, interleukin-6 and malondialdehyde levels in the OB-NEC group were lower than the NEC group (p  <  0.05).

Conclusion OB reduced intestinal damage and prevented necrosis through anti-inflammatory and antiapoptotic effects in experimental NEC. This effect of OB should be confirmed in clinical studies. Furthermore, future research should investigate whether OB plays a role in NEC pathogenesis or NEC is associated with OB levels in the serum and in breast milk.
Die ulzeroglanduläre Tularämie als seltene Ursache unklarer Lymphknotenschwellungen im Kindes- und Jugendalter
Authors: Gnatzy R. , Metzger R. , Schobeß A. , Siebolts U. , Suttkus A. , Lacher M. , Schuster V. , Mayer S.
Published: December 2018

Die ulzeroglanduläre Tularämie ist eine sehr seltene Erkrankung, die sich häufig mit unspezifischen Symptomen wie Fieber, Abgeschlagenheit und einer lokalen Lymphadenopathie manifestiert. Unbehandelt geht sie mit einer Mortalität von 30 % einher. Histopathologisch zeigt sich eine nekrotisierende granulomatösepitheloidzellige Lymphadenitis. Wir berichten über drei Schulkinder aus Mitteldeutschland, die sich sowohl akut krank als auch wenig beeinträchtigt mit einer inguinalen beziehungsweise axillären Lymphadenopathie vorstellten und operativ versorgt werden mussten. Post-operativ bestätigte sich eine akute Infektion mit Francisella tularensis durch Arthropoden. Unter antibiotischer Therapie mit Ciprofloxacin kam es bei allen Patienten zur vollständigen Ausheilung.

Anhand der Fallbeispiele werden die klinischen und diagnostischen Herausforderungen der Tularämie im Kindesalter erläutert und ihre oft unterschätzte Rolle in nicht-endemischen Ländern wie Deutschland diskutiert. Bei einer Lymphadenopathie mit protrahiertem Krankheitsverlauf – insbesondere nach Arthropodenstichen – sollte immer an eine Tularämie als seltene Ursache für eine Lymphadenopathie gedacht werden.
Perpendicular magnetic anisotropy in sputter-deposited Fe/MgO interfaces tuned by W buffer and Tb capping layers
Authors: Iida Yuki , Okabayashi Jun , Mitani Seiji
Published: December 2018

Boron plays an exclusive role in obtaining the well-known perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA) developed in CoFeB/MgO interfaces. We demonstrate PMA in boron-free Fe/MgO interfaces using W buffer and Tb capping layers, extending the variety of materials and stacking structures useful for PMA. The W buffer layer leads to non-crystalline growth of the Fe layer, followed by the (001)-oriented growth of MgO. The PMA energy density obtained with a dead layer correction reaches 0.7 MJ/m3 after post-annealing. X-ray absorption spectra suggest that the Tb layer absorbs the excess oxygen atoms at the Fe/MgO interface. Furthermore, the X-ray magnetic circular dichroism clarifies that the PMA originates from the anisotropic orbital magnetic moment in Fe tuned by the Tb capping layer.
Time-dependence of the transmission matrix of a specialty few-mode fiber
Authors: Yammine J. , Tandjè A. , Dossou Michel , Bigot L. , Andresen E. R.
Published: December 2018

We report a time-resolved measurement of the full transmission matrix (TM) of a short length of specialty annular-core few-mode fiber which guides 10 vector modes. We show how our method can isolate the fiber TM from “misalignment” contributions from optics upstream and downstream of the fiber. From measurements spanning two days, we extract the drift of the fiber TM. We show that drifts in the TM elements are mostly described as correlated phase variations rather than amplitude variations. We show that an empirical model of the fiber TM parametrized in one parameter can successfully account for the drift.
Saturable mode conversion of parametric amplification in a multimode optical fiber
Authors: Pourbeyram Hamed , Mafi Arash
Published: December 2018

The intimate interaction between phase-matched parametric amplification and strong nonlinear mode coupling in a multimode optical fiber results in a saturable mode conversion in the anti-Stokes component of the phase-matched four-wave mixing process. This novel saturable mode conversion can potentially be used in a variety of applications including the generation of exotic quantum states.
An organic neurophysiological tool for neuronal metabolic activity monitoring
Authors: Spanu A. , Tedesco M. T. , Martines L. , Martinoia S. , Bonfiglio A.
Published: December 2018

Monitoring cell metabolism in vitro is considered a relevant methodology in several scientific fields ranging from fundamental biology research to neuro-toxicology. In the last 20 years, several in vitro neuro-pharmacological and neuro-toxicological approaches have been developed, with the intent of addressing the increasing demand for real-time, non-invasive in vitro systems capable of continuously and reliably monitoring cellular activity. In this paper, an Organic Charge Modulated Field Effect Transistor-based device is proposed as a promising tool for neuro-pharmacological applications, thanks to its ultra-high pH sensitivity and a simple fabrication technology. The preliminary characterization of this versatile organic device with primary neuronal cultures shows how these remarkable properties can be exploited for the realization of ultra-sensitive metabolic probes, which are both reference-less and low cost. These features, together with the already assessed capability of this sensor to also monitor the electrical activity of electrogenic cells, could provide important advances in the fabrication of multi-sensing lab-on-chip devices, thus opening up interesting perspectives in the neuro-pharmacological field.
A predictive modeling study of the impact of chemical doping on the strength of a Ag/ZnO interface
Authors: Wang Tianwei , Bristowe Paul D.
Published: December 2018

Using first principles modeling, we predict how substitutional doping can influence the mechanical strength of a Ag/ZnO interface commonly found in various multilayer thin-film systems. Replacing Zn with a monovalent dopant strengthens the interface while dopants with a valence greater than two weaken it. Isovalent dopants have little effect. The results are explained in terms of charge transfer and hybridization effects at the interface. Although monovalent dopants are mechanically preferred, they do not inhibit Ag inter-diffusion in ZnO and could possibly cause chemical degradation of the interface. It is suggested that other dopants, such as Bi, avoid this issue by creating larger diffusion barriers while maintaining a relatively strong interface. The results indicate that complete control over the mechanics, kinetics, and chemistry of the interface requires a careful choice of dopant types and concentrations.
Loop-punching suppression induced by growth of helium bubble pair in tungsten
Authors: Gao N. , Cui M. H. , Setyawan W. , Kurtz R. J.
Published: December 2018

Molecular dynamics and transmission electron microscopy are employed to study the formation and evolution of interstitial dislocation loops due to nearby growing helium bubbles. The study reveals a novel mechanism that suppresses further formation of loops. Mass transport of self-interstitial atoms between the bubbles is observed, followed by the loop formation, resulting in a loop-bubble complex in which the Burgers vector may rotate between <100> and 1/2 <111>. Such a complex can absorb free loops, effectively influencing the evolution of loop number density. These results provide a new understanding of loop-bubble complex formation and saturation of the loop density under continuous helium implantation in materials.
High-efficiency shallow-etched grating on GaAs membranes for quantum photonic applications
Authors: Zhou Xiaoyan , Kulkova Irina , Lund-Hansen Toke , Hansen Sofie Lindskov , Lodahl Peter , Midolo Leonardo
Published: December 2018

We have designed and fabricated a shallow-etched grating on gallium arsenide nanomembranes for efficient chip-to-fiber coupling in quantum photonic integrated circuits. Experimental results show that the grating provides a fiber-coupling efficiency of >60%, a greatly suppressed back reflection of <1% for the designed wavelength of 930 nm, and a 3-dB bandwidth of >43 nm. Highly efficient single-photon collection from embedded indium arsenide quantum dots to an optical fiber was realized with the designed grating, showing an average six-fold increase in the photon count compared to commonly used circular gratings, offering an efficient interface for on-chip quantum information processing.
Quantifying robustness of DFT predicted pathways and activity determining elementary steps for electrochemical reactions
Authors: Krishnamurthy Dilip , Sumaria Vaidish , Viswanathan Venkatasubramanian
Published: December 2018

Density functional theory calculations are being routinely used to screen for new catalysts. Typically, this involves invoking scaling relations leading to the Sabatier-type volcano relationship for the catalytic activity, where each leg represents a unique potential determining an elementary step. The success of such screening efforts relies heavily not only on the prediction robustness of the activity determining step, but also on the choice of the descriptor. This becomes even more important as these methods are being applied to determine selectivity between a variety of possible reaction products. In this work, we develop a framework to quantify the confidence in the classification problem of identifying the potential determining step for material candidates and subsequently the pathway selectivity toward different reaction products. We define a quantity termed as the classification efficiency, which is a quantitative metric to rank descriptors on the basis of robustness of predictions for identifying selectivity toward different reaction products and the limiting step for the corresponding pathway. We demonstrate this approach for the reactions of oxygen reduction and oxygen evolution, and identify that ΔGOOH* is the optimal descriptor to classify between 2e− and 4e− oxygen reduction. We further show that ΔGOH* and ΔGOOH* have comparable performance in identifying the limiting step for 4e− oxygen reduction reaction. In the case of oxygen evolution, we study all possible 2 descriptor models and identify that {ΔGOOH*,ΔGO*} and {ΔGOH*,ΔGO*} both are highly efficient at classifying between 2e− and 4e− water oxidation. The presented methodology can directly be applied to other multi-electron electrochemical reactions such as CO2 and N2 reduction for improved mechanistic insights.
Short infrared wavelength quantum cascade detectors based on m-plane ZnO/ZnMgO quantum wells
Authors: Jollivet A. , Hinkov B. , Pirotta S. , Hoang H. , Derelle S. , Jaeck J. , Tchernycheva M. , Colombelli R. , Bousseksou A. , Hugues M. , Le Biavan N. , Tamayo-Arriola J. , Montes Bajo M. , Rigutti L. , Hierro A. , Strasser G. , Chauveau J.-M. , Julien F. H.
Published: December 2018

This paper reports on the demonstration of quantum cascade detectors (QCDs) based on ZnO/ZnMgO quantum wells (QWs) grown by molecular beam epitaxy on an m-plane ZnO substrate. The TM-polarized intersubband absorption is peaked at a 3 μm wavelength. The sample has been processed in the form of square mesas with sizes ranging from 10 × 10 μm2 up to 100 × 100 μm2. The I-V characteristics reveal that 86% of the 260 devices are operational and that the surface leakage current is negligible at room temperature, which is not the case at 77 K. The photocurrent spectroscopy of 100 × 100 μm2 QCDs reveals a photocurrent resonance at a 2.8 μm wavelength, i.e., slightly blue-shifted with respect to the intersubband absorption peak. The photocurrent persists up to room temperature. The calibrated peak responsivity amounts to 0.15 mA/W under irradiation at Brewster's angle of incidence. This value allows us to estimate the transfer efficiency (1.15%) of the photoexcited electrons into the active QW of the next period.
Exciton transport in strained monolayer WSe2
Authors: Cordovilla Leon Darwin F. , Li Zidong , Jang Sung Woon , Cheng Che-Hsuan , Deotare Parag B.
Published: December 2018

We experimentally demonstrate the visualization of exciton energy transport in a non-uniformly strained WSe2 monolayer by monitoring the propagation of exciton densities via spectrally, temporally, and spatially resolved photoluminescence measurements at room temperature. Our measurements indicate that excitons in the WSe2 monolayer exhibit anomalous diffusion due to disorder in the system, which leads to a time-varying diffusion coefficient. In addition, we show that the sensitivity of monolayer WSe2's bandgap to strain gives rise to a built-in excitonic potential that results in the funneling of excitons towards high tensile strain points. The observed drift and diffusion agree reasonably with our proposed model that takes into account the strain field on the monolayer to describe the exciton dynamics.
Identifying the linear region based on machine learning to calculate the largest Lyapunov exponent from chaotic time series
Authors: Zhou Shuang , Wang Xingyuan
Published: December 2018

To reduce the error caused by the human factor, this paper proposes a modification of a well-known small data method to obtain the largest Lyapunov exponent more accurately, which is based on machine learning for better identification of linear region. Firstly, we use the k-d tree neighborhood search algorithm to improve the computational efficiency of the average divergence index data. Secondly, the unsaturated data are obtained by the density peak based clustering algorithm from the average divergence index data. Thirdly, we use the density peak based clustering algorithm to identify the linear region from the first-order difference curve of the retained data. Finally, the largest Lyapunov exponent is obtained by using the least squares method to fit the linear region. Our method is applied to simulate five famous theoretical chaotic systems, the results show that the proposed method can automatically identify the linear region, which is more accurate than the small data method for the largest Lyapunov exponent calculation and the effectiveness of our method is verified through the simulation of two real-world time series.
A high beam energy photoelectron-photofragment coincidence spectrometer for complex anions
Authors: Gibbard J. A. , Shin A. J. , Castracane E. , Continetti R. E.
Published: December 2018

A new high beam energy photoelectron-photofragment coincidence (PPC) spectrometer is described that allows acceleration of heavy anions (>100 amu) to energies in the tens of keV using a linear accelerator (LINAC). High beam energies result in more efficient detection of the neutral photofragments produced via dissociative photodetachment (DPD) of the parent anion and increase the mass range that can be studied with PPC spectroscopy. The novel experimental setup couples an electrospray ionization (ESI) source and a hexapole accumulation trap with a 10-stage LINAC to give a kinematically complete measurement of the dissociation dynamics for heavier anions. ESI dramatically increases the range of anions that can be studied by PPC spectroscopy to include multiply charged anions and larger, more complex molecular ions important in biological, atmospheric, and combustion processes. A radiofrequency buffer-gas-cooled hexapole trap is used to accumulate sufficient ion density for single-shot coincidence measurements and thermalize the anions to room temperature. The photoelectron and up to three neutral fragments resulting from DPD are recorded in coincidence using time and position sensitive detectors. This novel experimental setup is characterized by studying the photodetachment of I−, and the DPD of I2− and the oxalate anion C2O4H− at beam energies of 11 keV, 16 keV, and 21 keV.
Double-waveguide interband cascade laser with dual-wavelength emission
Authors: Weih Robert , Scheuermann Julian , Kamp Martin , Koeth Johannes , Höfling Sven
Published: December 2018

Interband cascade lasers (ICLs) with dual wavelength emission have been realized by utilizing two spatially separated active regions in the same device. The two wavelengths (3.1 and 3.7 μm) were chosen in order to demonstrate that the usual spectral gain bandwidth of an ICL can be overcome. At 20 °C, threshold current densities as low as 215 A/cm2 (short wavelength) and 158 A/cm2 (long wavelength) could be achieved in the pulsed mode. It was possible for an epi-up mounted device to maintain dual-wavelength continuous-wave emission up to 0 °C. Despite the longer wavelength emission being suppressed at higher temperatures, the shorter wavelength maintained an output power of more than 10 mW at 15 °C.
Experimental observation of a dusty plasma crystal in the cathode sheath of a DC glow discharge plasma
Authors: Hariprasad M. G. , Bandyopadhyay P. , Arora Garima , Sen A.
Published: December 2018

Dusty plasma crystals have traditionally been observed and studied in radio frequency discharge plasmas, and their formation in a DC glow discharge plasma remains experimentally challenging. We report the first ever observation of a stable dusty plasma Coulomb crystal in the cathode sheath region of a DC glow discharge plasma. The observations are made in the dusty plasma experimental (DPEx) device where crystals of mono-disperse melamine formaldehyde grains are produced in the background of an Argon plasma. The crystalline nature of the structure is confirmed through a host of characteristic parameter estimations which includes the radial pair correlation function, Voronoi diagram, Delaunay Triangulation, the structural order parameter, the dust temperature, and the Coulomb coupling parameter. The special features of the DPEx device which permit such a crystal formation are delineated, and some principal physical features of the crystal are discussed.
Patients’ reasons for seeking traditional Chinese medicine: a qualitative study
Authors: Patel Asmita , Chen Yiyi
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION
Acupuncture is one of the most well-known and utilised forms of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). Very little is known about the factors that influence individuals to seek this type of treatment. The aim of this study was to identify and examine patients’ reasons for seeking TCM treatment, which was mainly in the form of acupuncture.

METHODS
Participants were 15 Auckland-based patients who attended a student acupuncture clinic. Participants were individually interviewed. An inductive thematic approach was used to analyse data.

RESULTS
Three main themes were identified regarding factors that influenced individuals to seek TCM: the perceived limitations of pharmaceutical treatment for certain conditions; a previous positive experience of acupuncture; and word-of-mouth regarding the perceived effectiveness of acupuncture in the treatment of certain conditions.

DISCUSSION
Users perceive TCM-based acupuncture to be an effective form of treatment for their condition, especially after having previously received conventional medical treatment. Past and present users of TCM appear to have an advocate-based role with family and friends regarding the promotion of TCM-based acupuncture.
Acute progressive neurological decline in an elderly man
Authors: Burley Troy , Ross Michael , Elliott Ryan , Tall Michael
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACT
The patient was an 88-year-old man referred to a physical therapist by his primary care physician for a 1-week history of severe neck pain of insidious onset. Based upon the history and physical examination, the physical therapist concluded that the patient’s neck pain was mechanical in nature. Initial physical therapist intervention included cervical taping, cervical collar use and instruction in home exercise. At his follow-up visit 4 days after his initial physical therapy visit, the patient reported no improvement. The patient’s son, who accompanied him to this visit, also reported that his father had a recent onset of fever and mild confusion. The case was discussed with the patient’s physician and it was recommended that the patient report to the emergency department. Evaluation in the emergency department revealed that the patient was febrile with diminished oxygen saturation and an elevated white blood cell count. Chest radiographs were consistent with pneumonia and blood cultures were positive for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. The patient was hospitalized and over the next 6 days, his condition progressively declined and quadriplegia below the C4 myotomal level developed. Magnetic resonance imaging of the cervical spine revealed severe cervical central canal stenosis with extensive signal abnormality in the cervical cord, as well as diffuse oedema in the perivertebral soft tissues that was consistent with a retropharyngeal abscess. Despite medical management, the patient subsequently succumbed to the complications of pneumonia and quadriplegia.
Heterospecific social attraction in migrant birds: habitat niche overlap between two threatened shrikes
Authors: Chiatante Gianpasquale
Published: December 2018

Context
Effective biodiversity conservation requires information about a species’ ecology and its relationship with the geographical context. To achieve this efficiently, species distribution models can be developed, also taking into account species associations.

Aims
I aimed to illustrate the habitat requirements of two threatened passerines of semi-open landscapes, i.e. the lesser grey shrike, Lanius minor, and the woodchat shrike, Lanius senator, in southern Italy. Further, I assessed whether there is heterospecific social attraction between them, by assessing how their habitat niches overlap.

Methods
Data were collected by territory mapping during the 2009–13 breeding seasons. The habitat requirements of the species were investigated with the help of ecological niche factor analysis (ENFA). In addition, the areas of sympatry between the two species were defined by indicator kriging and the habitat niche overlap was analysed using the generalised linear model (GLM).

Key results
The results showed that these two species inhabit open areas, with scattered vegetation such as shrubs and trees, while avoiding intensively cultivated permanent crops, such as vineyards and olive groves. Moreover, a little difference was observed in the percentage cover of shrublands, which were higher in the woodchat shrike territories than in the lesser grey ones. The strong overlap in their habitat niches suggests heterospecific social attraction between them, especially because of the species rarity.

Conclusions
The lesser grey and the woodchat shrike were found to occur in very similar environments, by evidencing the overlap of their macrohabitat niches. This suggests the presence of heterospecific social attraction, corroborating the understudied hypothesis that this phenomenon is valid for migrant birds as well. The lesser grey shrike, in particular, may use occurrences of the woodchat shrike as a cue for assessing habitat quality and, thus, to establish its territory.

Implications
Considering the high habitat niche overlap, habitat changes occurring in the landscape might affect them equally. Furthermore, the use of heterospecific social information in habitat selection potentially has many important conservation implications. Indeed, by reproducing the appropriate information, birds could be attracted to specific sites known to be high-quality habitat.
Detyrosinated microtubules spatially constrain lysosomes facilitating lysosome–autophagosome fusion
Authors: Mohan Nitin , Sorokina Elena M. , Verdeny Ione Vilanova , Alvarez Angel Sandoval , Lakadamyali Melike
Published: December 2018

Microtubule post-translational modifications impart functional diversity to microtubules by affecting their dynamics, organization, and interaction with proteins. Using super-resolution microscopy, we show that only a small subpopulation of microtubules are detyrosinated in epithelial cells, while acetylated and tyrosinated microtubules comprise the majority of all microtubules. Surprisingly, lysosomes are enriched by approximately threefold on detyrosinated microtubules. Further, their motility on detyrosinated microtubules is impaired, showing shorter runs and more frequent and longer pauses. Lysosome enrichment is mediated through a kinesin-1–dependent mechanism, since knocking down this motor abolishes enrichment. Finally, correlative live-cell and super-resolution microscopy showed that lysosomes interact with autophagosomes on detyrosinated microtubules. Removal of detyrosinated microtubules or knockdown of kinesin-1 leads to a decrease in the percentage of autolysosomes, a fusion intermediate of autophagosomes and lysosomes. Taken together, our data reveal a new role of detyrosinated microtubules as hubs that spatially concentrate lysosomes on a small subset of microtubules and facilitate their interaction and fusion with autophagosomes to initiate autophagy.
From bulk to microphase separation in scalar active matter: a perturbative renormalization group analysis
Authors: Caballero Fernando , Nardini Cesare , Cates Michael E
Published: December 2018

We consider a dynamical field theory (Active Model B+) that minimally extends the equilibrium Model B for diffusive phase separation of a scalar field, by adding leading-order terms that break time-reversal symmetry. It was recently shown that such active terms can cause the bulk phase separation of Model B to be replaced by a steady state of microphase separation at a finite length scale. This phenomenon was understood at mean-field level as due to the activity-induced reversal of the Ostwald ripening mechanism, which provides the kinetic pathway to bulk phase separation in passive fluids. This reversal occurs only in certain ranges for the activity parameters. In this paper we go beyond such a mean-field analysis and develop a -loop renormalisation group (RG) approach. We first show that, in the parameter range where bulk phase separation is still present, the critical point belongs formally to the same (Wilson–Fisher) universality class as the passive Model B. In contrast, in a parameter range associated with microphase separation, we find that an unstable non-equilibrium fixed point of the RG flow arises for , colliding with the Wilson–Fisher point in and making it unstable in . At large activity, the flow in this region is towards strong coupling. We argue that the phase transition to microphase separation in active systems, in the physically relevant dimensions and , very probably belongs to a new non-equilibrium universality class. Because it is governed by the strong-coupling regime of the RG flow, our perturbative analysis leaves open the quantitative characterization of this new class.
Tribological behavior of MWCNT filled carbon fiber reinforced polymer composite under different sliding conditions and different environments
Authors: Jain Anshul , Singh Kalyan Kumar , Kalita Jiban Jyoti , Sharma Nisha
Published: December 2018

Fiber reinforced polymer composite materials find its application in a wide domain due to its mechanical properties. Some of the applications may include sliding motion under various environments making the study of their tribological behavior necessary. In this paper, investigation is done on the tribological behavior of carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composite with 3 wt. % multi-walled carbon nano-tubes (MWCNTs) as the secondary reinforcement. The experiment was performed on pin on disc type tribometer at room temperature with a constant rpm of 700 rpm and different parameters i.e. sliding velocity, different environmental conditions (like dry, oil lubricated) and different normal loading conditions. The results showed the dependence of wear and friction characteristics of the test material on these parameters by evaluating specific wear rates and coefficient of friction. The experimental results were further examined by FESEM analysis of some of the samples.
Two bay crack arrest capability evaluation for metallic fuselage
Authors: Madhavi N , Saritha Rupavath
Published: December 2018

Transport aircraft is a highly complex structure. The aircraft fuselage shell is composed of stressed skin, longitudinal stringers, and circumferential frames. The skin is connected to the stringers and frames mostly by rivets. The fuselage has a number of riveted joints and is subjected to a major loading of differential internal pressurization. When the fuselage is pressurized and depressurized during each take-off and landing cycle of aircraft, the metal skin of fuselage expands and contracts to result in metal fatigue. Due to the presence of a large number of rivet holes, the fuselage skin has a large number of high-stress locations and these are locations of potential crack initiation. The wide-bodied transport aircraft are designed to tolerate large fatigue cracks. This project focuses attention on damage tolerance design of a fuselage structure of transport aircraft. In this project, the stress intensity factor, quantifying the intensity of the stress field around a crack tip for a longitudinal crack under the pressurization load is studied. The objective of this project is to investigate crack initiation, crack growth, fast fracture and crack arrest features in the stiffened panel. The longitudinal crack is initiated from the rivet hole and stress intensity factor is calculated using modified virtual crack closure integral (MVCCI) method at each stage of crack propagation. In order to arrest crack propagation which is the capital importance of tear straps are used, which prevent the further crack propagation. In this project, the linear static stress analysis of the stiffened panel of a fuselage is performed using MSC NASTRAN solver. The pre-processing of the model is done by using MSC PATRAN software.
An angle between intermediate subfactors and its rigidity
Authors: Bakshi Keshab , Das Sayan , Liu Zhengwei , Ren Yunxiang
Published: December 2018

We introduce a new notion of an angle between intermediate subfactors and prove various interesting properties of the angle and relate it to the Jones index. We prove a uniform

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60

to

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90

degree bound for the angle between minimal intermediate subfactors of a finite index irreducible subfactor. From this rigidity we can bound the number of minimal (or maximal) intermediate subfactors by the kissing number in geometry. As a consequence, the number of intermediate subfactors of an irreducible subfactor has at most exponential growth with respect to the Jones index. This answers a question of Longo’s published in 2003.
Limits of harmonic maps and crowned hyperbolic surfaces
Authors: Gupta Subhojoy
Published: December 2018

We consider harmonic diffeomorphisms to a fixed hyperbolic target

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from a family of domain Riemann surfaces degenerating along a Teichmüller ray. We use the work of Minsky to show that there is a limiting harmonic map from the conformal limit of the Teichmüller ray to a crowned hyperbolic surface. The target surface is the metric completion of the complement of a geodesic lamination on

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Y

. The conformal limit is obtained by attaching half-planes and cylinders to the critical graph of the holomorphic quadratic differential determining the ray. As an application, we provide a new proof of the existence of harmonic maps from any punctured Riemann surface to a given crowned hyperbolic target of the same topological type.
Accuracy and epistemic conservatism
Authors: Steinberger Florian
Published: December 2018

Epistemic utility theory (EUT) is generally coupled with veritism. Veritism is the view that truth is the sole fundamental epistemic value. Veritism, when paired with EUT, entails a methodological commitment: norms of epistemic rationality are justified only if they can be derived from considerations of accuracy alone. According to EUT, then, believing truly has epistemic value, while believing falsely has epistemic disvalue. This raises the question as to how the rational believer should balance the prospect of true belief against the risk of error. A strong intuitive case can be made for a kind of epistemic conservatism – that we should disvalue error more than we value true belief. I argue that none of the ways in which advocates of veritist EUT have sought to motivate conservatism can be squared with their methodological commitments. Short of any such justification, they must therefore either abandon their most central methodological principle or else adopt a permissive line with respect to epistemic risk.
Simulated predation pressure in Pelobates cultripes tadpoles modulates morphology at the metamorphic stage
Authors: Zamora-Camacho Francisco Javier , Cortés-Manzaneque Susana , Aragón Pedro
Published: December 2018

Studies on the impacts of variation of biotic interactions at key life cycle stages are crucial to understand the interface between ecological and developmental processes. Predators exert a major impact on prey fitness. Although direct consumption entails the greatest effect, predators can affect prey by means of other mechanisms. For instance, injuries inflicted by failed predation attempts can jeopardize prey fitness, even beyond the short-term. In anuran tadpoles, failed predation typically results in partial tail loss, which is known to reduce swimming speed. However, the potential consequences of tadpole partial tail loss after metamorphosis remain understudied. Because tail materials could be important in conforming metamorph body, we assess the effects of tadpole partial tail loss on metamorph body size in Iberian spadefoot toads Pelobates cultripes. We clipped 55% tail length of pre-tail-resorption stage anesthetized tadpoles, and compared their body size as metamorphs with anesthetized and non-anesthetized non-tail-clipped controls. Also, we tested whether tail length correlated with metamorph body size of individuals of the control groups. Tail-clipped tadpoles produced smaller metamorphs than both controls (the bdy size of metamorphs from both controls was similar), which could incur costs in mid-term survival or time to first reproduction. This effect could be particularly important in areas with introduced predators, if autochthonous tadpoles lack defenses against them. Results suggest that materials resorbed from tadpole tail tissues might be reallocated into metamorph body, according to the negative effect of shorter tails in a correlational analysis, and clipped tails in an experimental test, on metamorph body size.
Global crises and populism: the role of Eurozone institutions*
Authors: Guiso Luigi , Herrera Helios , Morelli Massimo , Sonno Tommaso
Published: December 2018

Populist parties are likely to gain consensus when mainstream parties and status quo institutions fail to manage the shocks faced by their economies. Institutional constraints, which limit the possible actions in the face of shocks, result in poorer performance and frustration among voters who turn to populist movements. We rely on this logic to explain the different support of populist parties among European countries in response to the globalization shock and to the 2008–11 financial and sovereign debt crisis. We predict a greater success of populist parties in response to these shocks in Eurozone (EZ) countries, and our empirical analysis confirms this prediction. This is consistent with voters’ frustration for the greater inability of the EZ governments to react to difficult-to-manage globalization shocks and financial crises. Our evidence has implications for the speed of construction of political unions. A slow, staged process of political unification can expose the European Union to a risk of political backlash if hard to manage shocks hit the economies during the integration process.
Usefulness of a job-exposure matrix ‘MADE’ as a decision tool for compensation of work-related musculoskeletal disorders
Authors: Fadel Marc , Valter Remi , Quignette Alexandre , Descatha Alexis
Published: December 2018

We aimed to assess the predictivity of the biomechanical job-exposure matrix ‘MADE’ using compensation data from the National Health Insurance for work-related disorders. Data were obtained from 2013 to 2015, area under curves (AUC), sensitivity, specificity and predictive values were calculated using compensation results as reference. We collected 163 128 cases data. AUC ranged from 0.64 for shoulders disorder to 0.82 for knee disorders. If two thresholds were considered, 28.7% of the sample fit under or over those. The matrix showed a fair predictivity. Such matrix cannot replace expertise but might be a tool used for improving compensation process.
Two Visions of Greatness: Roleplay and Realpolitik in UK Strategic Posture
Authors: Blagden David
Published: December 2018

How do states’ desires to perform an international-societal role interact with the imperative to safeguard their security in an anarchic international system? Using the case of the contemporary United Kingdom, this article explores the tensions between roleplay and realpolitik—gaining social recognition as a particular kind of state while doing what it takes to survive—through one key role conception, “Great Power.” Recent scholarship has dubbed Britain a “residual Great Power”: lacking the wherewithal to impose regional order through preponderance, it is still cast into the role of militarized international order-upholder by the allies whose support is necessary for such role-sustainment, America and France. Yet this role-based approach sets a different threshold on capability than the requirement to undertake survival-essential military missions, independent of potentially unreliable allies’ charity—realists’ understanding of “great power.” Theoretically, therefore, the article demonstrates that roleplay and realpolitik remain separate incentive structures underlying states’ foreign policy choices. Empirically, meanwhile, the article shows—through opportunity-cost force-posture analysis—that contemporary Britain is torn between the logics. Striving for independent self-protection capabilities, above-and-beyond the “residual power” criterion, London nonetheless makes a residual power's implicit assumptions about alliance support in the deployment of those capabilities.