bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Media Art Wiki. Uso de Wikis para la enseñanza interdisciplinar y multimedia del arte de los nuevos medios de comunicación en entornos virtuales de aprendizaje
Authors: Alsina Pau , San Cornelio Gemma , Beneito Roser , Alberich Jordi
Published: November 2018

Este capítulo expone y analiza una experiencia piloto de uso de Wikis para la enseñanza de las prácticas artísticas vinculadas a los nuevos medios de comunicación digital. El denominado “Media Art Wiki” constituye un recurso para la enseñanza del Arte y la Estética de los nuevos medios en un contexto de enseñanza-aprendizaje virtual como es la Universitat Oberta de Catalunya (UOC). Los objetivos iniciales del proyecto consistieron en generar un entorno dinámico de documentación multimedia de las prácticas de Arte de los nuevos medios, y a su vez, que ese espacio de contenidos abiertos pudiera alimentarse de la acción participativa y colaborativa de los estudiantes de las diferentes asignaturas implicadas, contribuyendo de este modo a un enfoque interdisciplinar de la materia común. El Media Art Wiki pretende innovar dentro del aula virtual en cuatro aspectos diferentes: proceso, formato, estructura y contenidos tratando de responder asimismo a un planteamiento pedagógico, que vincule cada una de las actividades implicadas en el Wiki con varios programas y asignaturas. En este capítulo intentaremos dar cuenta de las implicaciones del uso de este tipo de herramientas en la enseñanza universitaria, estructurando el texto en diferentes apartados que, por un lado, trazan el contexto a partir del cual surgió el proyecto, sus  necesidades, objetivos y motivaciones dentro del marco teórico del aprendizaje significativo- y el contexto -modelo de enseñanza-aprendizaje- de la UOC. Por otro lado procedemos a la descripción técnica y de contenido del proyecto, así como  el diseño de la estrategia didáctica y de las actividades a desarrollar por los estudiantes a corto y medio plazo. Finalmente exponemos la evaluación de dicha experiencia desde la perspectiva de los docentes y los estudiantes para llegar a plantear nuestras conclusiones y posibilidades de desarrollos de futuro.
Non-methane hydrocarbon variability in Athens during wintertime: the role of traffic and heating
Authors: Panopoulou Anastasia , Liakakou Eleni , Gros Valérie , Sauvage Stéphane , Locoge Nadine , Bonsang Bernard , Psiloglou Basil E. , Gerasopoulos Evangelos , Mihalopoulos Nikolaos
Published: November 2018

Abstract. Non-methane hydrocarbons (NMHCs) play an important role in
atmospheric chemistry, contributing to ozone and secondary organic aerosol
formation. They can also serve as tracers for various emission sources such as
traffic, solvents, heating and vegetation. The current work presents, for the
first time to our knowledge, time-resolved data of NMHCs, from two to six
carbon atoms, for a period of 5 months (mid-October 2015 to
mid-February 2016) in the “greater Athens area” (GAA), Greece. The measured NMHC
levels are among the highest reported in the literature for the Mediterranean
area during winter months, and the majority of the compounds demonstrate a
remarkable day-to-day variability. Their levels increase by up to factor of
4 from autumn (October–November) to winter (December–February). Microscale
meteorological conditions, especially wind speed in combination with
the planetary boundary layer (PBL) height, seem to contribute significantly to the variability of NMHC
levels, with an increase of up to a factor of 10 under low wind speed (<3 m s−1) conditions; this reflects the impact of local sources rather than long-range
transport. All NMHCs demonstrated a pronounced bimodal, diurnal pattern with
a morning peak followed by a second peak before midnight. The amplitude of
both peaks gradually increased towards winter, in comparison to autumn, by
a factor of 3 to 6 and closely followed that of carbon monoxide (CO), which
indicates a contribution from sources other than traffic, e.g.,
domestic heating (fuel or wood burning). By comparing the NMHC diurnal
variability with that of black carbon (BC), its fractions associated with
wood burning (BCwb) and fossil fuel combustion
(BCff), and with source profiles we conclude that the morning peak is attributed to
traffic while the night peak is mainly attributed to heating. With respect to the night peak, the
selected tracers and source profiles clearly indicate a contribution from both
traffic and domestic heating (fossil fuel and wood burning). NMHCs slopes
versus BCwb are similar when compared with those versus BCff
(slight difference for ethylene), which indicates that NMHCs are most likely equally
produced by wood and oil fossil fuel burning.
Dried, closed-path eddy covariance method for measuring carbon dioxide flux over sea ice
Authors: Butterworth Brian J. , Else Brent G. T.
Published: November 2018

Abstract. The Arctic marine environment plays an important role in
the global carbon cycle. However, there remain large uncertainties in how
sea ice affects air–sea fluxes of carbon dioxide (CO2), partially due
to disagreement between the two main methods (enclosure and eddy covariance)
for measuring CO2 flux (FCO2). The enclosure method has appeared
to produce more credible FCO2 than eddy covariance (EC), but is not
suited for collecting long-term, ecosystem-scale flux datasets in such
remote regions. Here we describe the design and performance of an EC system
to measure FCO2 over landfast sea ice that addresses the shortcomings
of previous EC systems. The system was installed on a 10 m tower on
Qikirtaarjuk Island – a small rock outcrop in Dease Strait located roughly
35 km west of Cambridge Bay, Nunavut, in the Canadian Arctic Archipelago. The
system incorporates recent developments in the field of air–sea gas
exchange by measuring atmospheric CO2 using a closed-path infrared gas
analyzer (IRGA) with a dried sample airstream, thus avoiding the known water
vapor issues associated with using open-path IRGAs in low-flux environments.
A description of the methods and the results from 4 months of continuous
flux measurements from May through August 2017 are presented, highlighting
the winter to summer transition from ice cover to open water. We show that
the dried, closed-path EC system greatly reduces the magnitude of measured
FCO2 compared to simultaneous open-path EC measurements, and for the
first time reconciles EC and enclosure flux measurements over sea ice. This
novel EC installation is capable of operating year-round on solar and wind
power, and therefore promises to deliver new insights into the magnitude of
CO2 fluxes and their driving processes through the annual sea ice
cycle.
Buoyant forces promote tidewater glacier iceberg calving through large basal stress concentrations
Authors: Trevers Matt , Payne Antony J. , Cornford Stephen L. , Moon Twila
Published: November 2018

Abstract. Iceberg calving parameterisations currently implemented in ice sheet models do not reproduce the full observed range of calving behaviours. For example, though buoyant forces at the ice front are known to trigger full-depth calving events on major Greenland outlet glaciers, a multi-stage iceberg calving event at Jakobshavn Isbræ is unexplained by existing models. To explain this and similar events, we propose a notch-triggered rotation mechanism whereby a relatively small subaerial calving event triggers a larger full-depth calving event due to the abrupt increase in buoyant load and the associated stresses generated at the ice-bed interface. We investigate the notch-triggered rotation mechanism by applying a geometric perturbation to the subaerial section of the calving front in a diagnostic flowline model of an idealised glacier snout, using the full-Stokes, finite element method code Elmer/Ice. Different sliding laws and water pressure boundary conditions are applied at the ice-bed interface. Water pressure has a big influence on the likelihood of calving, and stress concentrations large enough to open crevasses were generated in basal ice. Significantly, the location of stress concentrations produced calving events of approximately the size observed, providing support for future application of the notch-triggered rotation mechanism in ice-sheet models.
Funciones discursivas de los enunciados sentenciosos en "Papéis Avulsos" (1882) - de Machado de Assis (1839-1908
Authors: Teixeira de Faria Sandra Aparecida
Published: November 2018

Diversos son los enunciados breves y sentenciosos, designados también como paremias, que conforman el repertorio de unidades fraseológicas utilizadas por el escritor brasileño Machado de Assis (1839-1908) en su obra Papéis Avulsos (1882). Nuestro objetivo en este estudio es verificar la importancia de los enunciados sentenciosos en el desarrollo de sus textos a través del análisis de las funciones que las paremias clásicas o populares, como el refrán y la frase proverbial, desempeñan en los cuentos «O Alienista» y «Teoria do Medalhão», de la obra mencionada. Nos basaremos en los fundamentos de Alberto Zuluaga (1997), que parte de la división de las funciones de las unidades fraseológicas en textos literarios en dos grupos: funciones inherentes, constituidas por la función textual fraseológica básica, función connotativa o evocatoria, función icónica y función lúdico-poética; y no inherentes, formadas por el proceso de «desautomatización», por las funciones de composición o estructuración de los elementos narrativos y por las funciones semántico-estilísticas.
A Shared Performance: The Age of Innocence and The Shaughraun's Ribbon-Kissing Scene
Authors: McCarthy Lucas
Published: November 2018

The intertextual dialogue between the ribbon-kissing scene included in Edith Wharton's The Age of Innocence and Dion Boucicault's two versions of The Shaughraun (as he wrote it and directed it) reveals an underexplored dimension of the relationship between Newland Archer and Ellen Olenska. Drawing on Søren Kierkegaard's work, I argue that the conventions of this intertextual scene frame their mutual performance of an implicit angst confined within the constrained social code of the novel's 1870s New York elite. Boucicault's original play did not include the unspoken moment. However, Boucicault added it to capture his audience's interest. The scene presents the attraction between a respectable Englishman and an outlandish Irish woman, with their separation being a consequence of their duties to others, providing a sense of emotional wavering on the edge of dishonor. After both Newland and Ellen connect their relationship to the scene, they repeatedly model it throughout the novel. The conventions of this scene provide a frame for an emotional experience keyed to their social milieu. From this perspective, Newland's retreat at the novel's end may be part of a shared performance with Ellen necessary to realize in the present the angst that would otherwise be lost to memory and history.
Depression As a Strong Prediction of Suicide Risk
Authors: Mubasyiroh Rofingatul , Pradono Julianty , Nurkhotimah Enung , Kusumawardani Nunik , Idaiani Sri
Published: November 2018

Suicide happens throughout one’s life and is a serious health problem. World Health Organization (WHO) placed suicidal problem as society health priority. Many things is related to suicide, among others mental disorders like depression, anxiety, alcohol consumption behavior, life pressure experienced, financial problem, personal relation, or so is chronic illness experienced, conflict occurred, disaster, harassment, alienation social demography characteristic. Objective research to identify the risk factor of suicidal thought in several regions in Indonesia. The study design was Cross sectional research conducted in 3 (three) districts/cities in Indonesia. Proportional illustration Sample taken conducted using stratified random sampling.  Fixed variables analyzed such as the suicidal thoughts with the independent variable are gender, age, marital status, education, employment, ownership statistic, depression, anxiety. Univariate, bivariate and multivariate using the SPSS software. The result of the research showed that suicidal behavior happened more often to depressed individual, lived in the cities, anxious, productive age group, has low education level. Respondent suffered through depression 11 times more likely to have suicidal thoughts. The risk of suicidal behavior also increased 5 times to respondent in the cities. Respondent living anxiety 2 times riskier to have suicidal intent. Blue collar respondent also 2 times more risk in comparison to civil servants to have suicidal intent. Therefore it can be concluded that The influence of psychological factors is more substantial to inflict suicidal behavior, even though there is also effect of the social economy factor.
Empirical Legal Research in Europe: Prevalence, Obstacles, and Interventions
Authors: van Dijck Gijs , Sverdlov Shahar , Buck Gabriela
Published: November 2018

Empirical Legal Research in Europe: Prevalence, Obstacles, and Interventions

Empirical Legal research (ELR) has become well established in the United States, whereas its popularity in Europe is debatable. This article explores the popularity of ELR in Europe. The authors carried out an empirical analysis of 78 European-based law journals, encompassing issues from 2008-2017. The findings demonstrate that a supposed increase of ELR is questionable (at best).

Moreover, additional findings highlight:

An increase for a few journals, with a small number of other journals showing a decrease over time;

A higher percentage of empirical articles for extra-legal journals than for legal journals (average proportion per journal is 4.6 percent for legal journals, 18.9 percent for extra-legal journals);

Criminal justice journals, environmental journals, and economically oriented journals being more likely to publish empirical articles than other journals;

More prestigious journals being more likely to publish empirical articles than less-prestigious journals;

Older journals being more likely to publish empirical work than younger journals, but not at an increasing rate;

Journals being legal/extra-legal, journals in a specific field, journal ranking, or the age of the journal not making it more (or less) likely that the journal will publish empirical articles at an increasing (or decreasing) rate.

Considering the lack of convincing evidence indicating an increase of ELR, we identify reasons for why ELR is seemingly becoming more popular but not resulting in more empirical research in Europe. Additionally, we explore interventions for overcoming the obstacles ELR currently faces.
Three pillars of security culture
Authors: Piwowarski Juliusz
Published: November 2018

The article presents a proposal for multidisciplinary scientific platform, as a basis for security
studies. It includes not only the military but mostly non-military aspects of security.
An emphasis is put on security culture, the main pivot of the “Security Dimensions”
as a scientific journal, with three pillars of the security culture concept: mental and spiritual
(individual dimension), legal and organizational (social dimension), material.
Eradication of Rinderpest from Poland in 1921-1922
Authors: Orzechowska Beata , Bezpalko Liliana , Lis Małgorzata , Boratyński Janusz
Published: November 2018

Due to Rinderpest disease (cattle plague) in Poland, over 40,000 cattle died within the three
months of the first half of 1920. Stopping the epizooty of rinderpest (pestis bovum; cattle
plague; Typhus bovum contagiosus) spreading from Russia should be considered one of the greatest
scientific, organizational and economic achievements of the reviving Polish statehood.
Rinderpest is a highly contagious, viral disease caused by the Rinderpest virus, which leads to
the death of over 90% of infected animals. Rinderpest virus damages lymphoid cells and the
epithelial cell layer of the gastrointestinal tract, respiratory tract, genital tract and external-
-secretory glands (lacrimal glands, mucous glands, salivary glands). Within a few days after
infection, animals begin presenting symptoms of sepsis and dehydration caused by necrotic
and hemorrhagic lesions of the gastrointestinal tract.
In order to stop the epizooty of bovine disease, the Ministry of Agriculture and State Goods
ordered Dr. Feliks Jaroszyński to organize a rinderpest field station. The station was established
in the forester’s lodge, in Michałówka near Puławy. The station produced anti-rinderpest serum
and a rinderpest vaccine. In the peak period of operation, 2000 L of vaccine was produced each
month. Vaccination of cattle carried out in the area endangered by rinderpest prevented the
epidemic in 1922 and protected Poland and Europe from enormous losses. Knowledge about
this unprecedented scientific, organizational and economic enterprise is not widely known,
which neglects Poland’s pioneering contribution to preventing the epidemic of rinderpest.
The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) announced in 2010 that
the world is free of the disease caused by the Rinderpest virus belonging to the family Paramyxoviridae,
genus Morbillivirus.
Debbie Lee and Kathryn Newfont. The Land Speaks: New Voices at the Intersection of Oral and Environmental History.
Authors: Sparks Jillian
Published: November 2018

In his essay “The Land Ethic,” conservationist and writer Aldo Leopold advocates for changing “the role of Homo sapiens from conqueror of the land-community to plain member and citizen of it” (173). The Land Speaks challenges readers to not only adopt this land ethic, but to practice it by listening to the land and acknowledging its agency. Authors and editors Debbie Lee and Kathryn Newfont argue that oral history can be used as a tool across fields, not just within the humanities or archival studies, to examine human relationships with the land. Adopting this tool comes with three challenges. First, oral historians need to acknowledge that “the land itself speaks”(10). Second, there are people who can “hear, understand, and translate into human language messages from the land” (10). Third, historians must recognize “that wildlife and wildlands have been marginalized and denied voice in ways that parallel the human disenfranchisement” (12). From national forests to urban landscapes, the fourteen essays in this work address these challenges and demonstrate that it is possible to record the land’s story through the oral histories of voices we would not otherwise hear. As the land speaks, it does so through the voices of indigenous peoples, hunters, firefighters, housewives, and park rangers. These voices make the work a compelling read and inspire one to discover how the land speaks in their oral history archives.
Editor's Note
Authors: Saunders Richard
Published: November 2018

Life, both professional and personal, is built upon change. Though it sounds trite, it is still largely a truism that the only difference between tragedy and opportunity is perspective. The pop psychology of positive thinking really is trite, because sometimes growth opportunities hurt deeply or because we carom in directions we may not have foreseen and for which we feel unprepared. Following an opportunity always requires a change of perspective.
Atuação da enfermagem na conservação da saúde de mulheres em situação de violência
Authors: Albuquerque Leônidas de , Pereira Eric Rosa , Tavares Joyce Martins Arimatea Branco , Ferreira Dennis de Carvalho , Broca Priscilla Valladares
Published: November 2018

La violencia contra la mujer es un fenómeno complejo que provoca efectos negativos sobre su salud. El principio de la teoría de enfermería de Levine es mantener o recuperar a la persona (la mujer que vive la violencia) a un estado de salud (lejos de la violencia). OBJETIVO: analizar, desde la óptica de la teoría de enfermería de Levine, la atención de la enfermera a las mujeres que sufrieron violencia. MÉTODO: investigación cualitativa y descriptiva, realizada en la Estrategia de Salud de la Familia de Río de Janeiro – Brasil, con once enfermeras que atendieron a mujeres en situación de violencia, en base a las entrevistas llevadas a cabo con un cuestionario semiestructurado. La investigación fue aprobada por el comité de ética en investigación de la Universidad Federal de Río de Janeiro y la Secretaría Municipal de Salud. Los testimonios fueron analizados por el método del discurso del sujeto colectivo. RESULTADOS: el análisis de las entrevistas resultó en cuatro ideas centrales: conservación de la energía, integridad estructural, personal y social de las mujeres. CONCLUSIÓN: los cuidados deben permitir la conservación de energía, por medio de la atención integral a las mujeres, no apenas cuando se enfoca la violencia. Se realzaron asuntos tales como acogida y acceso a la unidad de salud, rescatando vínculos de la mujer con miembros de la red social.
As territorialidades de cuidado
Authors: Silva Aline Basso da , Olschowsky Agnes , Wetzel Christine , Silva Thomas Josué , Rozado-Pedron Alexandra , Machado-Pavani Fabiane
Published: November 2018

El objeto de este artículo es discutir el uso de drogas como fenómeno sociocultural y, desde ese enfoque, constituir una perspectiva de territorialidades de cuidados con miras a ampliar la visión para un modelo sociocultural de atención a los usuarios de drogas. Se trata de un estudio reflexivo de naturaleza teórica que problematiza la importancia del pensar la relación del individuo con el uso de drogas en diferentes aspectos socioculturales, incluyendo espacios económicos y sociales, los significados, la cultura, la formación de redes y estilos de vida. Por ello, estamos introduciendo la idea de territorialidades de cuidado basada en un modelo sociocultural en el que se reconoce la importancia de una dinámica / dialógica establecida entre profesionales y usuarios en el espacio vivo del cuidado.
A dimensão espiritual e sentido da vida na prática do cuidado de enfermagem
Authors: Rocha Renata Carla Nencetti Pereira , Pereira Eliane Ramos , Silva Rose Mary Costa Rosa Andrade
Published: November 2018

El presente estudio busca reflexionar sobre la inferencia de la dimensión espiritual y el sentido de la vida en la práctica de los cuidados de enfermería. Se trata de un estudio reflexivo sobre el cuidado de enfermería centrado en la dimensión espiritual y el sentido de la vida, en base a los presupuestos fenomenológicos existenciales. La articulación del estudio con la fenomenología permitió comprender que el cuidado, como fenómeno de enfermería, ocurre en un mundo de vivencias y experiencias intersubjetivas y que el despertar de la conciencia por medio de valores motiva el sentido de la vida, más allá de permitir que al cuidar se abra una gama de posibilidades de propósitos y significados para la existencia. Se concluye que el cuidado centrado en el sentido de la vida, teniendo como base la dimensión espiritual, le permite al profesional de enfermería abrirse para la transformación interior, desarrollo personal y, por consiguiente, perfeccionar sus acciones de cuidados de manera humana, holística, integral y, sobre todo, ética.
IMPORTANCE OF VULNERABILITY SCANNERS FOR IMPROVING SECURITY AND PROTECTION OF THE WEB SERVERS
Authors: Karabašević Darjan , Stanujkić Dragiša , Brzaković Miodrag , Maksimović Mlađan , Jevtić Milena
Published: November 2018

Technological development, in particular information and communication technologies (ICT), has caused the most immediate and quickest changes in the everyday way of life of people. The result of this is the world we have today, all around us are computers that are an integral part of our everyday life, while at the same time we use the networks constantly and everywhere. The Internet (the network of all networks) is the media we rely on in our work, gives us answers to all questions, concerns and topics that interest us, helps us learn and transfer data for any purpose. But, Internet often can be an insecure place and that it represents a  connection of all those who want to be involved, including those malicious. A very important and very complex step in securing networks and network systems is the vulnerability assessment. Therefore, the paper aims to point out the importance of the vulnerability scanners in improving the security and protection of the web servers.
Diurnal and seasonal variation of particle and dissolved organic matter release by the coralAcropora tenuis
Authors: Kurihara Haruko , Ikeda Nao , Umezawa Yu
Published: November 2018

Release rates of particulate organic carbon and nitrogen (POC and PON) and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) from the scleractinian coralAcropora tenuiswere measured during the day and night in summer and winter seasons. Physiological parameters including calcification, photosynthesis and respiration rates were also measured simultaneously. The release rate of both POC and DOC was significantly higher in summer compared to winter and higher during the day compared to the night. The daily release rate of total organic carbon (POC + DOC) was 1,094 and 219 μmol C cm−2d−1for summer and winter, respectively, being 4.9 times higher in summer. The POC:PON ratios of the particulate organic matter released during daytime in both seasons (summer: 12.8 ± 5.7, winter: 12.0 ± 4.1) were significantly higher than those during nighttime (summer: 6.1 ± 2.5, winter: 2.2 ± 1.8). The DOC:POC ratio was 0.5 ± 0.03 during summer and 0.32 ± 0.98 during winter, suggesting higher mucus release in particulate form. Daily net production was estimated to be 199 and 158 μg C cm−2d−1for summer and winter, respectively, with the amount of carbon released as mucus accounting for 6.5% and 1.6% of the net carbon fixation, respectively. The study reveals diurnal and seasonal changes in the quantity and quality of mucus released from this coral species. Since coral mucus is used as a food source by reef macro-organisms, and can also serve as an energy source for micro-organisms, the observed changes in mucus release rates are expected to influence the seasonal dynamics of organic carbon and nitrogen cycling over coral reefs.
Along urbanization sprawl, exotic plants distort native bee (Hymenoptera: Apoidea) assemblages in high elevation Andes ecosystem
Authors: Henríquez-Piskulich Patricia , Vera Alejandro , Sandoval Gino , Villagra Cristian
Published: November 2018

Native bees contribute a considerable portion of pollination services for endemic as well as introduced plant species. Their decline has been attributed to several human-derived influences including global warming as well as the reduction, alteration, and loss of bees’ habitat. With human expansion comes along the introduction of exotic plant species with negative impacts over native ecosystems. Anthropic effects may even have a deeper impact on communities adapted to extreme environments, such as high elevation habitats, where abiotic stressors alone are a natural limitation to biodiversity. Among these effects, the introduction of exotic plants and urbanization may have a greater influence on native communities. In this work, we explored such problems, studying the relationship between the landscape and its effect over richness and abundance of native bees from the subandean belt in the Andes mountain chain. Furthermore, we investigated the effects of exotic plant abundance on this high-altitude bee assemblage. Despite the landscape not showing an effect over bee richness and abundance, exotic plants did have a significant influence over the native bee assemblage. The abundance of exotic plants was associated with a relative increase in the proportion of small and medium bee species. Moreover, Halictidae was the only family that appeared to be favored by an increase in the abundance of exotic plant species. We discuss these results and the urgent need for further research of high-altitude environments due to their vulnerability and high endemicity.
Interaction betweenPseudomonas aeruginosaandAspergillus fumigatusin cystic fibrosis
Authors: Zhao Jingming , Yu Wencheng
Published: November 2018

Background

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a disease characterized by chronic airway infection with a high incidence and poor prognosis.Pseudomonas aeruginosaandAspergillus fumigatusare pathogens commonly found in CF patients. Clinically, these two microorganisms often coexist in the airway of CF patients. Combined infection withP. aeruginosaandA. fumigatusresults in worsening lung function and clinical condition.

Methods

In this review, we focus on the mutual inhibition and promotion mechanisms ofP. aeruginosaandA. fumigatusin CF patients. We also summarized the mechanisms of the interaction between these pathogenic microorganisms.

Results

P. aeruginosainhibitsA. fumigatusgrowth through the effects of phenazines, the quorum sensing system, iron competition, bacteriophages, and small colony variants.P. aeruginosainducesA. fumigatusgrowth through volatile organic compounds and subbacteriostatic concentrations of phenazines.A. fumigatusinterferes withP. aeruginosa, affecting its metabolic growth via phenazine metabolic transformation, gliotoxin production, and reduced antibiotic sensitivity.

Discussion

Coexistence ofP. aeruginosaandA. fumigatuscan lead to both mutual inhibition and promotion. In different stages of CF disease, the interaction between these two pathogenic microorganisms may shift between promotion and inhibition. A discussion of the mechanisms ofP. aeruginosaandA. fumigatusinteraction can be beneficial for further treatment of CF patients and for improving the prognosis of the disease.
Os CIStemas das mídias digitais: notas sobre a perspectiva de um homem trans sobre os aplicativos voltados ao público gay
Authors: Morelli Fabio
Published: November 2018

Este texto possui como objetivo traçar pistas sobre como um homem transexual negocia suas experiências em meio aos aplicativos destinados à busca por parceiros afetivos e sexuais, como o Hornet e o Tinder. A partir do relato de Sérgio é possível perceber o quanto as identidades transmasculinas possuem enormes desafios quanto à sua inteligibilidade, porque tanto nos espaços off-line quanto nos on-line não só há dificuldades em que haja entendimento de suas configurações corporais e estéticas, como também essa ininteligibilidade faz com que as experiências ligadas às transmasculinidades alcancem as margens do desejo e, assim, percam a preferência como potenciais parceiros/as afetivos e/ou sexuais. Isto se dá devido a uma configuração dos espaços, tanto on quanto off-line, a partir da heterocisnormatividade.
Infância à penumbra: notas para uma meteorologia da moral
Authors: Amaral Eder , Rodrigues Heliana de Barros Conde
Published: November 2018

Entre 1968 e o início da década 1980, a atmosfera que envolvia o pensamento francês tornou possível a emergência de perspectivas éticas, estéticas e políticas cujas problematizações levaram a um radical questionamento do sentido e do valor da infância, pensada para além do seu estatuto social. Agitada pelas obras, ideias e intervenções de René Schérer, Guy Hocquenghem, Gilles Deleuze, Félix Guattari e Michel Foucault entre muitos outros, esta “cruzada das infâncias” configurou um campo de lutas que, a partir da década de 1980, se desvanece sob a cristalização de uma imagem pretensamente universal da criança como sujeito vulnerável e em desenvolvimento necessário rumo à idade adulta. Entre 1968 e o final dos anos 1970, os jornais, as prateleiras das livrarias, os cinemas e as salas de aula testemunham a efervescência de outras maneiras de pensar e viver com as crianças. Os episódios históricos que tornaram possível a enunciação deste conjunto de problemas evidenciam que a infância, antes mesmo de ser uma categoria etária ou um constructo teórico, é um território em disputa. Mas, uma vez que se trata de pensar uma realidade ausente, como colocá-la novamente em cena? Estas notas integram uma pesquisa que se propõe a mapear a meteorologia da moral que tornou simultaneamente possíveis e conjuradas as imagens de uma “infância à penumbra” no pensamento francês contemporâneo.
O engajamento individual: entre intenção, redes e estruturas
Authors: De Carvalho Alex Menezes
Published: November 2018

As razões que presidem o engajamento individual em mobilizações e/ou movimentos sociais há muito instigam estudiosos nas Ciências Sociais. Na década de 1960, a questão dos “custos e benefícios” do engajamento foi colocada no centro dos estudos sobre militantismo, a partir de então tal temática vem sendo investigada sob vários vieses por diferentes autores e/ou correntes sociológicas. Ao longo da segunda metade do século XX, sobretudo na França e nos Estados Unidos, muito se dissertou acerca dos motivos, dos fatores que conduzem ao engajamento militante: desde teorias que enfatizam fatores estruturais até teorias que se focam sobre características mais “psicológicas”. Apesar de atualmente ainda não se ter uma clareza sobre tal questão, já há certo consenso de que predisposições individuais (frustrações, descontentamentos, ideologias) e a existência de uma estrutura que “facilite” a ação não são suficientes para explicar o engajamento. Seguindo nessa linha, mais recentemente, muitos trabalhos foram produzidos congregando uma análise que leva em conta as redes e/ou os laços interpessoais (familiares, de amigos, no ambiente de trabalho etc.) como mais um fator a compor o “leque” de condicionantes do engajamento individual. E é justamente nesse sentido que o presente artigo segue, ou seja, objetiva-se aqui demonstrar que as redes e/ou os laços interpessoais podem funcionar muito bem como ligações entre as disposições individuais e as estruturas. Para tanto, foi consultado um conjunto de bibliografias, especialmente norte-americanas e francesas, que representasse as principais produções sobre a temática em questão nos últimos anos. O material analisado nos permitiu perceber que as investigações mais recentes entendem que as redes sociais podem funcionar como meio de mobilização individual em dois sentidos: tanto no sentido de aproximar a pessoa com predisposições à militância das oportunidades de mobilização, quanto como coprodutora da intenção de engajar-se, incentivando ou restringindo a ação individual.
GRAMSCI E O SENTIDO DA POLÍTICA: MATERIALISMO HISTÓRICO, RECUSA DOS DOGMAS ECONOMICISTAS E DAS ILUSÕES “IDEOLOGISTAS”
Authors: Arantes Rafael De Aguiar , Pereira Carla Galvão
Published: November 2018

Este artigo tem por objetivo apresentar alguns dos principais conceitos do pensador italiano Antonio Gramsci, em especial a noção de hegemonia. A partir de uma discussão teórica, este trabalho pretende discutir como o pensamento engendrado por Gramsci tem raízes solidamente fundadas no materialismo histórico elaborado por Marx e Engels e renovado por Lênin. Para tanto, partindo da epistemologia marxiana, procura organizar a apresentação dos conceitos partindo de elementos mais simples e abstratos em direção à totalidade da realidade social, objetivando a construção de um concreto pensado. Assim, compreende que embora Gramsci tenha introduzido novos e importantes elementos a esse campo de pensamento, a fundamentação teórico-metodológica do seu pensamento permanece materialista, herdeira, portanto, da tradição marxista. Este artigo pretende também focar nos aspectos metodológicos da operacionalização empírica dos conceitos de hegemonia e contra-hegemonia, discutindo as dimensões e indicadores necessários para a constatação dos fenômenos da hegemonia e contra- -hegemonia na realidade social. Como inovações do pensamento gramsciano, o artigo destaca também a sua virada teórica em direção à consideração das ideologias e concep- ções de mundo como elementos de cultura, por onde a ação política deve ter início, e não como falsa consciência. Ademais, destaca-se também a importância da sua crítica ao marxismo que considerava mecanicista, buscando aprofundar dialeticamente as rela- ções entre a infraestrutura econômica e a superestrutura, a economia, a sociedade civil e a sociedade política, o que o permitiu renovar a teoria política marxista, se tornando um dos principais pensadores desse campo teórico/político.
O CAMPESINATO NA FORMAÇÃO DA SOCIEDADE CAPITALISTA MODERNA
Authors: Peixoto Sérgio Elísio
Published: November 2018

No presente artigo pretende-se, inicialmente, discutir a complexidade do conceito de campesinato, diante da diversidade que este grupo social assume em sua trajetória histórica, conforme as mudanças que ocorrem nas formações sociais capitalistas em que se encontra inserido. Para tanto, parte-se de uma apresentação e discussão do conceito, tomando-se por base algumas proposições de pensadores clássicos. Em seguida, analisam-se os principais aspectos que caracterizam o campesinato nas sociedades agrárias, bem como as transformações que afetam o seu modo de vida quando de sua transição para a sociedade capitalista, enfatizando-se sua incorporação às estruturas produtivas regidas por processos de acumulação de capital, a partir dos países onde a Revolução Industrial originou-se. O artigo faz parte de um estudo mais amplo, onde se procura discutir o envolvimento do campesinato brasileiro no processo de reforma agrária. 
FRENTES PIONEIRAS, GENTE E TERRA. UMA ANÁLISE ANTROPOLÓGICA DOS PROCESSOS DE RACIONALIZAÇÃO DO TERRITÓRIO NO OESTE-PAULISTA
Authors: Machado Carlos Eduardo
Published: November 2018

Neste artigo, proponho examinar eventos históricos relacionados ao processo de povoamento da região Centro Oeste do Estado de São Paulo. Mais especificamente, os processos sociais de ocupação do território, de desenvolvimento urbano-industrial e seus impactos na reconfiguração dos significados tradicionais da posse da terra. Em linhas gerais, consideramos que representam etapas de um processo de racionalização do território, o que representou uma transformação das relações sociais e das subjetividades. São elementos da gênese social das populações do Oeste-paulista. Para isto, tomo como caso empírico o contexto de formação da cidade de Borá, localizada a 437 km de distância da capital do estado. Partindo desses referenciais, o objetivo é o de compreender antropologicamente o delinear das relações sociais dos grupos pioneiros e os efeitos simbólicos de determinados eventos na configuração social do Oeste-paulista. O texto apresentado faz parte de um trabalho mais amplo, resultado da pesquisa de mestrado em fase de conclusão. Em relação aos métodos de pesquisa, foi realizado trabalho de campo etnográfico entre os anos de 2011-2012, assim como análise de fontes secundárias que contemplassem o foco do estudo.

 
Synergistic effect between spraying layers on the performance of the WFGD spray column
Authors: Wang Penghui , Dai Gance
Published: November 2018

In a WFGD spray column, spraying droplets have dual duties of optimizing flow uniformity and providing interfacial area for mass transfer but have contradiction in selection of diameter. In this paper, a synergistic effect between smaller and bigger droplets is proposed to improve the performance of the column, which is to enlarge the interfacial area and optimize the flow uniformity in different layers, and it is used to create a novel design scheme. Through the study of the flow uniformity in the spray column, the detail of this design scheme is proposed as followed: The minimum flow rate and proper droplet diameter should be selected in the bottom layer to achieve the flow uniformity, and smaller droplets can be used in the rest layer to enlarge the interfacial area as much as possible. Compared with the traditional scheme, the liquid hold‐up has increased 16%–30%, and the interfacial area has increased 32%–56% in novel scheme. In practice, this novel design scheme can provide reference and guidance for large scale spray columns.
Development and Implementation of the Inaugural Anatomy Education Research Institute (AERI 2017)
Authors: O’Loughlin Valerie Dean , Husmann Polly R. , Brokaw James J.
Published: November 2018

Education research is increasingly being recognized as a legitimate route for faculty development in universities. However, many anatomy faculty lack the appropriate training and access to experienced mentors who can help them develop their own education research projects. Inspired by the American Physiological Society’s Institute for Teaching and Learning, the coauthors proposed and developed the inaugural Anatomy Education Research Institute (AERI 2017). Funded by an American Association of Anatomists Innovations grant, the five‐day institute was held in Bloomington, Indiana in July 2017. The coauthors spent two years preparing the conference schedule, inviting speakers who could discuss education research topics and mentor applicants, reviewing applications, developing assessment instruments for the institute, and hosting the institute. A total of 62 registered participants (applicants and invited speakers) attended AERI 2017. Through a series of presentations and workshops, participants were introduced to many aspects of education research and the Scholarship of Teaching and Learning, including developing rigorous education research questions, determining appropriate methods to assess these questions, and searching the education research literature. Each day also included regular time devoted to work on their own education research project with help from more experienced mentors. Throughout the conference, participants were encouraged to post information on Twitter, using the hashtag #AERI2017. Participants had strong positive impressions of the conference and strongly requested future AERI conferences be held. Follow‐up analyses will assess the institute in alignment with Kirkpatrick’s Four Levels of Evaluation Model, though preliminary evaluation indicates AERI 2017 met the original aims of the proposal.
Study of selected birth defects among American Indian/Alaska Native population: A multi‐state population‐based retrospective study, 1999–2007
Authors: Marengo Lisa K. , Flood Timothy J. , Ethen Mary K. , Kirby Russell S. , Fisher Sarah , Copeland Glenn , Meyer Robert E. , Dunn Julie , Canfield Mark A. , Anderson Tom , Yazzie Del , Mai Cara T. ,   for the National Birth Defects Prevention Network
Published: November 2018

Background

Higher prevalence of selected birth defects has been reported among American Indian/Alaska Native (AI/AN) newborns. We examine whether known risk factors for birth defects explain the higher prevalence observed for selected birth defects among this population.

Methods

Data from 12 population‐based birth defects surveillance systems, covering a birth population of 11 million from 1999 to 2007, were used to examine prevalence of birth defects that have previously been reported to have elevated prevalence among AI/ANs. Prevalence ratios (PRs) were calculated for non‐Hispanic AI/ANs and any AI/ANs (regardless of Hispanic ethnicity), adjusting for maternal age, education, diabetes, and smoking, as well as type of case‐finding ascertainment surveillance system.

Results

After adjustment, the birth prevalence of two of seven birth defects remained significantly elevated among AI/ANs compared to non‐Hispanic whites (NHWs): anotia/microtia was almost threefold higher, and cleft lip +/− cleft palate was almost 70% higher compared to NHWs. Excluding AI/AN subjects who were also Hispanic had only a negligible impact on adjusted PRs.

Conclusions

Additional covariates accounted for some of the elevated birth defect prevalences among AI/ANs compared to NHWs. Exclusion of Hispanic ethnicity from the AI/AN category had little impact on birth defects prevalences in AI/ANs. NHWs serve as a viable comparison group for analysis. Birth defects among AI/ANs require additional scrutiny to identify modifiable risk and protective factors.
The National Spina Bifida Patient Registry: A Decade's journey
Authors: Castillo Jonathan , Lupo Philip J. , Tu Duong D. , Agopian A.J. , Castillo Heidi
Published: November 2018

Background

The National Spina Bifida Patient Registry (NSBPR) was established in 2008, as a partnership between the CDC and spina bifida (SB) clinics throughout the United States. The purpose of this study is to explore the initial work of this project through a literature review of published studies from the NSBPR and provide a description of how this body of literature has developed overtime.

Methods

We included studies indexed in MEDLINE by means of PubMed from January 2009 through April 2018. Included articles were appraised to identify key themes relevant to SB demographics, interventions, and outcomes. Additionally, information regarding objectives, hypotheses, and results of each study was summarized.

Results

We identified 13 articles meeting inclusion criteria. These publications described findings or explored associations using NSBPR variables. They were grouped into four categories: general characteristics (4 studies), mobility and skin injury (2 studies), bowel continence (3 studies), and bladder continence (5 studies).

Conclusions

The NSBPR represents one of the largest described clinical samples of individuals living with SB. The first decade of studies have focused primarily on descriptive analyses and on identifying predictors of clinical outcomes. These initial results may help develop interventions (including culturally appropriate initiatives), be a resource for developing international evidence‐based standards of care and best‐practices, and lead to improved outcomes for individuals living with SB globally. Additionally, the results underscore the strengths of the NSBPR's design and highlight the potential breadth of research topics that could be addressed in the future.
Maternal genitourinary infections and risk of birth defects in the National Birth Defects Prevention Study
Authors: Howley Meredith M. , Feldkamp Marcia L. , Papadopoulos Eleni A. , Fisher Sarah C. , Arnold Kathryn E. , Browne Marilyn L. ,   for the National Birth Defects Prevention Study
Published: November 2018

Background

Genitourinary infections (GUIs) are common among sexually active women. Yet, little is known about the risk of birth defects associated with GUIs.

Methods

Using data from the National Birth Defects Prevention Study, a multisite, population‐based, case–control study, we assessed self‐reported maternal GUIs in the month before through the third month of pregnancy (periconception) from 29,316 birth defect cases and 11,545 unaffected controls. We calculated odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals to estimate the risk of 52 major structural birth defects associated with GUIs. We also calculated risk of birth defects associated with each type of GUI: urinary tract infection (UTI) and sexually transmitted infection (STI).

Results

In our analysis, 10% (n = 2,972) of case and 9% (n = 1,014) of control mothers reported a periconceptional GUI. A GUI was significantly associated with 11 of the 52 birth defects examined (ORs ranging from 1.19 to 2.26): encephalocele, cataracts, cleft lip, esophageal atresia, duodenal atresia/stenosis, small intestinal atresia/stenosis, colonic atresia/stenosis, transverse limb deficiency, conoventricular septal defect, atrioventricular septal defect, and secundum atrial septal defect. A periconceptional UTI was significantly associated with nine birth defects (ORs from 1.21 to 2.48), and periconceptional STI was significantly associated with four birth defects (ORs ranging from 1.63 to 3.72).

Conclusions

While misclassification of GUIs in our analysis is likely, our findings suggest GUIs during the periconceptional period may increase the risk for specific birth defects.