bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
African American Female Pilot on the Flight Deck
Authors: Zirulnik Michael L. , Orbe Mark P.
Published: December 2021

Utilizing phenomenological creative nonfiction, this study explores the communicative experiences of an African American female military pilot on the flight deck and within the civil, commercial aviation industry. Presented in narrative form, the findings explore a phenomenological approach to critical-cultural narratology in qualitative research methodologies in terms of descriptive depth, theoretical rigor, and heuristic value. The narrative offered here generates a record of experiences for continued examination and future research made accessible to expert and non-expert audiences alike.
Referencing technique for phase detection in eddy current evaluation
Authors: Nadzri Nurul A'in , Saari Mohd Mawardi , Zaini Mohd Aufa Hadi Putera , Abd Aziz Zulkifly
Published: December 2021

This paper presents an eddy current testing (ECT) method with a different type of referencing technique for crack detection in carbon steel plate by using two Anisotropic Magnet Resistance (AMR) sensors to detect and evaluate the artificial cracks and to study the output signal's characteristics of each technique. The experiment setup of the magnetic scanning device and the measurement mode is included. Based on these three techniques that have been used, it shown that differential technique with the condition of the required reference signal must be dynamic from one point to one point was the best way to implement in the ECT method. The line scanning results indicate that performing these three techniques can be used to estimate the position of the slits, however, for 2-D mapping, it is shown that the differential technique is a preferable technique where it can remove the noise response, and at the same time, it generates a clear image of the crack. It is predicted that the developed ECT probe using a differential technique can be used as a technique to estimate the characteristic of defects in a metal plate.
Experimental investigation of thermal performance in a rectangular channel using compound structure
Authors: Patil Prakash Santosh , K. K. Dhande
Published: December 2021

An experimental study was conducted to measure the heat transfer and pressure drop in a rectangular channel emphasizing a compound structure to improve the cooling performance of gas turbine blades. W shaped, semicircular, and multi semicircular shaped ribs with dimples are studied and applied to a lower surface of a channel. The experiment was carried out at a Reynolds number ranging from 10,000 to 32,000 and the ratio of pitch (P) to height (e) of the rib was 10. Also, the ratio of rib height (e) to channel hydraulic diameter (Dh) was 0.187  and the dimple depth (δ) to dimple diameter (D) ratio was 0.2. It was observed that the combination of ribs and dimple channel (compound channel) has an average of 23 %  more heat transfer than the ribbed channel. W rib compound channel shows the highest thermal performance and enhanced up to 30 % more heat transfer than semi and multi-semicircular compound channel. friction rise was observed in the compound channel compared to the ribbed channel.
The improvement of bolted joints model via finite element model updating method
Authors: Yunus M. A. , M.N. Abdul Rani  , M.A.S. Aziz Shah  , M.S.M. Sani  , Z. Yahya
Published: December 2021

Efficient schemes to represent mathematical model of thin-sheet metal structures jointed by bolted joints for accurately predict the structure dynamic behaviour has been a significant unresolved issue in structural dynamics community. The biggest challenge is to efficiently incorporate the joints local deformation effects on the developed mathematical model via finite element (FE) method. Generally, the joints local deformation typically exerts on the joints mating area. To solve this issue, this paper proposes efficient schemes to represent mathematical model of thin-sheet metal structures jointed by bolted joints with application to accurately calculate the structure dynamic behaviour using FE model updating method. The initial FE model of the assembled structure was developed by employed Fastener Connector (CFAST) in MSC NASTRAN software to represent the bolted joints while, the inclusion of the local deformation effects at the bolted joints mating area was represented by contact elements. Then, the responses obtained from the FE model was evaluated by weight up with experimental data. FE model updating (FEMU) method then was utilised for minimising prediction discrepancies originated from the initial FE model based on the experimental data. The proposed scheme shows the accuracy of the initial prediction was improved from 25.03 % to 14.65 %  while the accuracy of the predicted mode shapes via modal assurance criterion (MAC) analysis were above 0.8. Therefore, the findings offer useful schemes for improving the quality of predicted dynamic behaviour, particularly in the thin-sheet metal jointed structure and the developed model can be used with confident for any subsequence dynamic analyses.
Surgical Treatment of Primary Cardiac Paragangliomas: A Single-Center Experience
Authors: Zheng Jianjie , Li Jianpeng , Li Jing , Zhong Liang , Xu Suochun , Zhou Heping
Published: December 2021

Background: Cardiac paragangliomas are rare neuroendocrine tumors that will cause significant morbidity if left undiagnosed. Because of the paucity of cohort data, their rapid diagnosis and appropriate management still pose unique challenges to cardiac surgeons. We aimed to investigate the clinical features and surgical management of primary cardiac paragangliomas in our single center.
Methods: From May 2014 to October 2020, patients diagnosed with primary cardiac paragangliomas retrospectively were reviewed. Demographic data, clinical presentation, preoperative imaging methods, surgical resection, perioperative management, histological analysis, and outcomes were recorded. Postoperative follow up also was reviewed.
Results: With multiple imaging methods, including echocardiography, computed tomography, positron-emission tomographic-computed tomography, and biochemical tests, there were five cases of primary cardiac paraganglioma verified by postoperative immunohistochemical staining, two of which were hormonally active. There were no metastatic cardiac paragangliomas, according to positron-emission tomographic-computed tomography, and all patients accepted surgical treatment. Preoperative adrenoceptor blockade was given to hormonally active patients, accordingly. Complete resection of the tumor was accomplished under cardiopulmonary bypass in each case. Tumor distribution included two masses on the roof of the left atrium, two masses in the right atrioventricular groove, and one between the ascending aorta and main pulmonary artery. Immunohistochemical staining for chromogranin, neuron-specific enolase, synaptophysin, and S-100 were positive, which were typical of cardiac paraganglioma. There were no operative deaths. All the patients had an uneventful recovery except one patient who underwent low cardiac output syndrome. During follow up (mean 4.2 years, range 0.6-7.0 years), all patients were well with New York Heart Association class I or II. Only one patient developed thyroid carcinoma three years after surgery but with no paraganglioma recurrence during periodic computed tomography, and this patient recovered well after thyroidectomy.
Conclusion: Although cardiac paragangliomas are rare and may present surgical challenges for clinicians, surgical resection remains the choice of treatment with favorable outcomes through a multidisciplinary heart team. Moreover, lifelong surveillance still is recommended to detect possible recurrence or associated nonchromaffin tumors in time.
We Were Residents Once … And Young
Authors: Teman Nicholas , Tribble Curt
Published: December 2021

Each transition in the trajectory of a career comes with changes, some good, some challenging, and some changes are both. As you prepare to enter a Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery Residency (TCV Surgery), or the last few years of an Integrated Six Residency, you are well aware that you are likely embarking on one of the most demanding and challenging eras of your professional life. And, you are likely also aware that, as a TCV Surgery resident, you will have a limited amount of time to approximately double what you know about medicine and surgery. In fact, in these last few years of your formal training you will likely have fewer than 700 days to accumulate this necessary medical and surgical knowledge.
Starting material for breeding spring emmer (Triticum dicoccum shrank.) of groats use
Authors: Vecherska L. , Liubych V. , Relina L. , Golik O. , Suchkova V. , Bohuslavskyi R.
Published: December 2021

Aim. To explore sources of high groats properties among the genetic diversity of emmer and related species.
Methods. Biochemical: The protein content was determined by Kjeldahl digestion; the starch content – by infrared
spectroscopy. Technological: the vitreousness was determined by cutting 100 caryopses and expressed as percent-
ages. The hull content, expressed in percent, was estimated as the ratio of hulled caryopses to the total of fully
threshed ones. The gluten content and quality were assessed by manual washing-out. The hardness was determined
on a YPD-300 hardness tester (Ltpm China) as the force in newtons required for caryopsis destruction. Emmer
groats were obtained on a laboratory peeler UShZ-1. The groats properties were evaluated according to the method
described in a utility model patent No. 129205. Statistical: the significance of differences between accessions was
assessed using the Mann-Whitney test for small samples with unknown distribution. Two-factor analysis of vari-
ance considered 2 factors – genotype and year conditions. Pearson’s test was used in the correlation analysis. The
variability of traits was assessed by the coefficient of variation (CV). Results. The yields of emmer and durum
wheat accessions and varieties as well as lines derived from emmer-wheat hybrids were measured and analyzed in
2016–2019. The yields of most emmer accessions (except for T. timopheevii) were similar to that of the check em-
mer variety Holikovska (286 ± 15 g/m2). The highest contents of protein and gluten were found in T. timopheevii
(18.1 ± 0.4 % and 40.5 ± 1.8 %, respectively), Triticum durum Desf. var. falcatomelanopus Jakubz. & Filat. (17.5 ±
± 1.0 % and 40.4 ± 1.4 %), autochthonous variety Polba 3 (16.8 ± 0.1 % and 36.9 ± 1.1 %), and line 10–139
(14.8 ± 0.8 % and 29.0 ± 2.4 %). The gluten quality of most lines, derived from crossing spring emmer with
durum wheat, corresponds to quality group I (good), and the gluten deformation index (GDI) is 50–75 units. T.
timopheevii and T. durum var. falcatomelanopus were noticeable for vitreousness (99 ± 1 % and 75 ± 5 %, respec-
tively). The grain hardness of the accessions under investigation varied from 151 ± 15 N in variety Romanivska to 286 ±
± 3 N in T. timopheevii. Lines 10–79 (255 ± 6 N), 10–65 (220 ± 10 N) and T. durum var. falcatomelanopus
(268 ± 6 N) were characterized by high hardness, which exceeded that of durum wheat variety Spadshchyna (152 ±
± 13 N). High outputs of groats were intrinsic to line 10–139 (96.2 ± 0.8 %), line 10–79 (90.6 ± 0.8 %), T. timopheevii
(92.0 ± 0.1 %), and durum wheat Spadshchyna (91.4 ± 0.5 %). All the studied accessions showed low variability
(
İnmeli hastalarda alt ekstremite temelli yapılandırılmış hedef odaklı eğitim denge parametreleri üzerinde etkili midir?
Authors: DİNÇER Sezen , BEK Nilgün
Published: December 2021

Amaç: İnmeli hastalarda hali hazırda yaygın olarak uygulanan konvansiyonel fizyoterapi ve rehabilitasyon programıyla, alt ekstremite temelli yapılandırılmış hedef odaklı eğitimin denge parametreleri üzerine olan etkilerinin karşılaştırılmasıdır.

Yöntem: Çalışmaya, 18 yaş ve üzeri, ilk defa inme geçirmiş, Brunnstorm alt ekstremite evre ≥3, fonksiyonel ambulasyon sınıflaması ≥2 olan, inme sonrası en az 3 ay geçmiş, herhangi ek nörolojik problemi olmayan 39 inmeli birey dahil edilmiştir. Olgular, konvansiyonel yöntemle tedavi edilen (K-FTR) ve alt ekstremite temelli yapılandırılmış hedef odaklı eğitimle tedavi edilen (ATHO-FTR) grup olmak üzere ikiye ayrılmıştır. Bütün bireyler 4 hafta boyunca haftada 5 gün birer saat boyunca tedaviye alınmıştır. Tedavinin başında ve sonunda Berg Denge Ölçeği (BDÖ), Fonksiyonel Uzanma Testi (FUT), postüral simetri, ağırlık aktarma simetrisi ve İnme Etki Skalası (İES) değerlendirmeleri yapılmıştır.

Bulgular: K-FTR ve ATHO-FTR gruplarının her ikisinde tedavi öncesi ve sonrası değerlendirmelerde BDÖ, FUT ve İES’de istatistiksel olarak anlamlı artış gözlenirken (p0,05). K-FTR ve ATHO-FTR grupları tedavi sonrası birbirleri ile karşılaştırdıklarında ise gruplar arası fark bulunmamıştır (p>0,05).

Sonuç: İnmeli hastalarda alt ekstremite temelli yapılandırılmış hedef odaklı eğitimin denge üzerindeki olumlu etkileri konvansiyonel fizyoterapi ve rehabilitasyon eğitimi ile benzerlik göstermektedir.
Efficacy of exercise training program on performance in musicians playing guitar
Authors: ISINTAS ARIK Meltem , CAN Filiz
Published: December 2021

Purpose: It was aimed to investigate the efficacy of exercise training program on performance in musicians playing guitar. Methods: This study was carried out with 27 classical guitar players aged between 16-35 years old. After the musicians were included in the study, they were divided into the exercise group (n=10), the home exercise group (n=10), and the control group (n=7) and were evaluated three times, before exercise, at the 6th week and at the end of the 3rd month. Musicians in the exercise group performed the exercises for 6 weeks (3 days a week) with a physiotherapist, while the exercises were given to the other group as home exercises program. The changes in the measurements of pain, music performance, and post-performance fatigue findings of the musicians in all three groups were analyzed by the split-plot ANOVA (SPANOVA) test for repeated measures from multivariate statistical analyzes. Results: Pain level in both exercise groups were significantly decreased at the end of 6 weeks and 3 months (F: 4.238, p
História da sua vida e A Chegada
Authors: Macêdo Arthur Luiz  Cavalcante de
Published: December 2021

Este ensaio aborda as relações entre cinema e literatura a partir da adaptação do conto “História da sua vida”, de Ted Chiang, para o filme A chegada (2016) pelo roteirista Eric Heissener, diretor Denis Villeneuve e editor Joe Walker. Como fundamento, há uma introdução sobre Literatura Comparada e seus desdobramentos teóricos ao longo das décadas, e sobre a adaptação nas diferentes mídias. Tendo em vista que os profissionais citados já trabalharam com a temática da ficção científica em outras obras, este ensaio também perpassa pelas visões estéticas convergentes. Utilizando-se como principal referência as noções de intertextualidade, conclui-se que diante das especificidades literária e cinematográfica, a afinidade temática contribuiu para a criação de um texto outro que explora a singularidade do meio audiovisual.
Asymptotic genealogies for a class of generalized Wright–Fisher models
Authors: Huillet Thierry , Möhle Martin
Published: December 2021

A class of Cannings models is studied, with population size N having a mixed multinomial offspring distribution with random success probabilities ${W_{1}},\dots ,{W_{N}}$ induced by independent and identically distributed positive random variables ${X_{1}},{X_{2}},\dots $ via ${W_{i}}:={X_{i}}/{S_{N}}$, $i\in \{1,\dots ,N\}$, where ${S_{N}}:={X_{1}}+\cdots +{X_{N}}$. The ancestral lineages are hence based on a sampling with replacement strategy from a random partition of the unit interval into N subintervals of lengths ${W_{1}},\dots ,{W_{N}}$. Convergence results for the genealogy of these Cannings models are provided under assumptions that the tail distribution of ${X_{1}}$ is regularly varying. In the limit several coalescent processes with multiple and simultaneous multiple collisions occur. The results extend those obtained by Huillet [J. Math. Biol. 68 (2014), 727–761] for the case when ${X_{1}}$ is Pareto distributed and complement those obtained by Schweinsberg [Stoch. Process. Appl. 106 (2003), 107–139] for models where sampling is performed without replacement from a supercritical branching process.
Nb–Ta mineralization in Ti-oxide minerals from the Bagolyhegy Metarhyolite Formation (Bükk Mountains, NE Hungary)
Authors: Gál Péter , Németh Norbert , Szakáll Sándor , Zajzon Norbert , Fehér Béla , Dunkl István
Published: December 2021

The foliated low-grade metamorphic rocks of the Triassic Bagolyhegy Metarhyolite Formation, mainly of pyroclastic origin, host post-metamorphic quartz-albite veins containing abundant tourmaline and occasionally rutile/ilmenite. The study of the Ti-oxide-mineralized veins with SEM-EDX revealed an unusual mineral assemblage comprising fine-grained Nb–Ta-bearing oxides (columbite-tantalite series, fluorcalciomicrolite and other Nb–Ti–Y–Fe-REE-oxide minerals) intergrown with Nb-rich polymorphs of TiO2 (anatase, rutile), ilmenite and zircon enriched with hafnium. This high field strength elements (HFSE)-bearing paragenesis is unexpected in this lithology, and was not described from any formation in the Paleozoic-Mesozoic rock suite of the Bükk Mountains (NE Hungary) before. The host metavolcanics are significantly depleted in all HFSE compared to the typical concentrations in felsic volcanics and the mineralized quartz-albite veins have even lower Ti–Nb–Ta concentration than the host rock, so the mineralization does not mean any enrichment. From proximal outcrops of the Triassic Szentistvánhegy Metavolcanics, potassic metasomatized lenses with albite-quartz vein fillings containing rutile/ilmenite are known. We studied them for comparison, but they only contain REE mineralization (allanite-monazite-xenotime); the Nb–Ta-content of Ti-oxide minerals is undetectably low. LA-ICP-MS measurements for U–Pb dating of Hf-rich zircon of the Nb–Ta-rich mineral assemblage gave 71.5 ± 5.9 Ma as lower intercept age while dating of allanite of the REE mineralized quartz-albite veins gave 113 ± 11 Ma as lower intercept age. The REE-bearing vein fillings formed during a separate mineralization phase in the Early Cretaceous, while the Nb–Ta mineralization was formed by post-metamorphic alkaline fluids in the Late Cretaceous., controlled by fault zones and fractures.
Study of the strengthened state near the forces for the semi-plan
Authors: Lumi Drakuli , Sulejmani Anis , Dhoska Klodian , Koça Odhise
Published: December 2021

Many of the engineering applications have faced the delicate contact problem in the area close to the forces where it is very difficult to experimentally carry out various measurements and draw important conclusions on the condition of the contact points. In this paper the forced state in the vicinity of the forces for the half-plane will be studied. Furthermore, the qualities displayed by the half-plane under the action of normal forces, tangential forces and the moment caused by a pair of forces will be analyzed, as well as changes in the elastic characteristics for the forced plane state and the deformed plane state.
Pengaruh Penyimpanan Beku terhadap Karakteristik Kimia dan Fisik Caulerpa racemosa, Drip, dan Filtratnya
Authors: Nurhayati Nurhayati , Fransiska Dina , Agusman Agusman
Published: December 2021

Caulerpa racemosa merupakan rumput laut hijau dengan kandungan air yang tinggi sehingga mudah mengalami kerusakan. Penyimpanan dalam suhu beku merupakan salah satu cara untuk memperpanjang masa simpan suatu produk. Namun, pembekuan produk juga dapat menyebabkan terjadinya berbagai perubahan yang tidak dikehendaki. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh penyimpanan pada suhu beku terhadap karakteristik kimia dan fisik C. racemosa, drip, dan filtrat yang dihasilkan. Sampel berupa C. rasemosa disimpan dalam ruangan penyimpan beku (cold storage) dan diamati setiap minggunya hingga minggu ke-4. Parameter uji yang diamati meliputi rendemen, komposisi proksimat, kadar garam, uji warna (L*, a*, b*), dan viskositas, masing-masing pada C. racemosa yang ditiriskan, drip, dan filtrat C. racemosa. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penyimpanan beku C. racemosa dapat mengurangi berat pada sampel akhir karena sebagian besar drip keluar setelah pelelehan/thawing, yaitu sekitar 77,88-84,81%. Karakteristik fisik maupun kimia C. racemosa yang disimpan selama 1 hingga 4 minggu tidak berbeda nyata antar waktu penyimpanan, namun berbeda nyata pada C. racemosa tanpa disimpan beku, yaitu pada kadar air, abu, dan garam.ABSTRACTCaulerpa racemosa is a green seaweed that has a high moisture content, so it is easily damaged. Frozen storage is one way to extend the shelf life of a product. However, freezing the product can cause various undesirable changes to occur. This study was aimed to analyze the effect of storage at freezing temperature on the chemical and physical characteristics of C. racemosa, drip, and the resulting filtrate. C. racemosa samples were stored in cold storage and observed every week until the 4th week. The test parameters observed were yield, proximate composition, salt content, color (L*, a*, b*), and viscosity on drained C. racemosa, drip, and C. racemosa filtrate. The results showed that frozen storage of C. racemosa could cause weight loss in the final sample because most of the drip came out after thawing, which was around 77.88 - 84.81%. Physical and chemical characteristics of C. racemosa stored for 1 to 4 weeks were not significantly different from unfrozen C. racemosa, i.e. water, ash, and salt content.
Personalist Foundations of the Constitutional Principle of the Dignity of Human Person
Authors: Wojtyła Wojciech
Published: December 2021

Placing the concept of human dignity in the preamble to the Constitution of the Republic of Poland reaffirms it as the foundation of the entire legal system in the state, where it has the status of a value determining application of all norms. Defining sense of human dignity and uncovering its sources is the goal not of the legal doctrine, however, but of philosophy. This paper is an attempt at answering the question, what reality is the person’s dignity from the viewpoint of personalism and what constitutes it. Answering this question is crucial to the process of law institution and application.
Sporne zagadnienia antropologiczne i historiozoficzne w rozważaniach Jacques’a Maritaina
Authors: Kotula Krzysztof
Published: December 2021

Celem artykułu jest omówienie problematyki związanej z filozofią francuskiego neotomisty Jacques’a Maritaina. Szczególny akcent położony jest na stanowiska krytyczne wobec rozwiązań proponowanych przez Maritaina, ponieważ ten aspekt jest mało rozpowszechniony w polskiej refleksji personalistycznej. Podstawowe pytanie, jakie przyświeca podjętym tu rozważaniom, odnosi się do jakości i zasadności takich Maritainowskich teorii, jak nowa cywilizacja chrześcijańska oraz rozróżnienie na osobę i jednostkę. Całość rozważań osadzona jest na gruncie filozofii klasycznej, ponieważ Maritain starał się być kontynuatorem tej myśli.
Changes in vascular endothelial growth factor level in Helicobacter pylori-associated gastroduodenal diseases
Authors: Matveeva L. V. , Kapkaeva R. H. , Chudaikin A. N. , Soldatova A. A. , Mosina L. M. , Kostina Yu. A. , Solodovnikova G. A.
Published: December 2021

A populational infection with Helicobacter (H.) pylori poses a global problem. Mucosal colonization of H. pylori in the gastroduodenal area can initiate development multiple diseases with hyper- or hypoplasia of mucosal epithelial cells secreting vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). The aim of the study was to assess VEGF serum level, its diagnostic and prognostic value in diseases affecting the gastroduodenal area. Materials and methods. 180 patients with exacerbated chronic gastritis, gastric ulcer, duodenal ulcer as well as 30 healthy volunteers were examined after providing an informed consent. Patients were divided into groups depending on the degree of mucous contamination with H. pylori. In the subjects examined during esophagogastroduodenoscopy, a biological material was collected during targeted biopsy for microscopic and histological studies. Blood samples for immunological examination were obtained in the morning on an empty stomach from the ulnar vein in the volume of 5 ml, and the serum was isolated by centrifugation. The level of VEGF, pepsinogens, and titer of total antibodies against the H. pylori cytotoxin-associated protein were determined in the blood serum from the subjects by using the enzyme immunoassay method. The long-term prognosis was analyzed for up to 2 years. The data obtained were processed statistically. Results. Patients were found to have excessive serum VEGF levels in healthy volunteers. For gastric ulcer associated with H. pylori, 80% of cases had increased discriminatory VEGF level. In patients, direct relationships between the serum VEGF level and degree, stage of gastritis, the degree of contamination with H. pylori, the serum pepsinogens level were uncovered. Regression analysis found that patients with diseases targeting gastroduodenal area had serum VEGF level equal to or greater than 231 pg/ml in 60% of cases that correctly predicted an increase in mucosal atrophy. If the amount of VEGF ≥ 373 pg/ml in 91.5% of cases, then ulceration of gastric epithelium developed, whereas for ≥ 396 pg/ml level it was observed in 89% cases with ulceration of the intestinal epithelium. The probability of gastroduodenal bleeding at a serum VEGF level of 408 pg/ml or higher was predicted correctly in 96% of cases. Conclusion. More than 54% of patients with H. pylori-associated chronic gastritis, peptic ulcer disease had level of VEGF significantly exceeding magnitude found in healthy volunteers and the discriminatory level reflects the morphofunctional state of the stomach and duodenum. Assessing serum VEGF level in gastroduodenal diseases can be recommended for predicting development of atrophy, ulceration of the gastric and intestinal epithelium, and gastroduodenal bleeding.
A complex diagnostics of early gastric cancer associated with Helicobacter pylori infection in the adult population of the Krasnoyarsk Territory
Authors: Smirnova O. V. , Tsukanov V. V. , Sinyakov A. A. , Moskalenko O. L. , Elmanova N. G. , Ovcharenko E. S.
Published: December 2021

The aim of our study was to evaluate the clinical-anamnestic, serological, immunological and biochemical tests used for early diagnostics of gastric cancer associated with Helicobacter pylori infection in the adult population of the Krasnoyarsk Territory. Materials and methods. The control group consisted of 104 apparently healthy blood donors, the comparison group – 97 patients with chronic atrophic gastritis as well as a group of patients with early gastric cancer comprising 98 subjects. Assessment of monocyte and neutrophil spontaneous and induced chemiluminescence (CL) was carried out on a 36-channel biochemiluminometer BLM-3607. Phagocytosis was measured by using a Beckman Coulter FC 500 flow cytometer. A Varian Cary Eclipse spectrofluorometer was used to study lipid peroxidation and factors of the antioxidant defense system. Results and discussion. While studying the phagocytic arm of immunity, it was found that all patients with early gastric cancer were reported to have parameters of the maximum intensity for neutrophil spontaneous CL from 17 831 c.u. and lower, whereas induced CL reached at least 30 000 c.u. Phagocytic activity of neutrophilic granulocytes in patients with early gastric cancer was 36% or less. While studying the indicators of monocytes, it was found that spontaneous and induced CL decreased from 454 c.u. and 1186 c.u., respectively, in the patients with early gastric cancer. Monocytic activity in early gastric cancer was 34% or less. In the study of lipid peroxidation, an antioxidant defense in patients with chronic atrophic gastritis and gastric cancer had increased malondialdehyde (MDA) level. Patients with gastric cancer had decreased activity of the enzyme catalase (CAT), whereas subjects with chronic atrophic gastritis had reduced glutathione peroxidase (GPO) level. In contrast, patients with early gastric cancer were featured with increased GPO activity. We have proposed coefficients for assessing the factors of the antioxydant defence system in patients: the ratio for superoxide dismutase to catalase activity (SOD/CAT) as well as the ratio for superoxide dismutase to glutathione peroxidase activity (SOD/GPO). Conclusion. During the study, threshold values of parameters were obtained for assigning groups at high risk of developing early gastric cancer, which can be used for screening in adult population.
2018–2019 antiviral drug sensitivity of the influenza virus strains isolated from various regions of Kazakhstan
Authors: Glebova T. I. , Klivleyeva N. G. , Lukmanova G. V. , Saktaganov N. T. , Baimukhametova A. M.
Published: December 2021

Influenza is a serious public health problem. The ability of influenza virus to change upon replication is the most serious issue for practical medicine and virology, which can fundamentally alter virus biological properties, such as infectivity and virulence. The high mutational variability of influenza viruses can contribute to rapidly emerging drug resistance. Therefore, the study of antiviral drug sensitivity among influenza viruses is necessary to justify proper drug use for treatment and prevention of influenza infection. The aim of the study was to examine antiviral drug susceptibility of influenza A/H1N1 and B virus strains isolated from various regions of Kazakhstan in the years 2018–2019. Materials and methods. The susceptibility analysis of 20 strains of influenza A/H1N1 and B viruses was carried out by using chemotherapeutic agents including Remantadine, Tamiflu, Arbidol, and Ingavirin. Viruses were cultured in the allantoic cavity of developing 10-day-old chicken embryos for 48 hours at 36оC. The hemagglutinating activity was determined according to the standard method on 96-well plates using 0.75% chicken red blood cell suspension; the infectivity was calculated by the Reed–Muench method. The susceptibility of virus strains to different concentrations of antiviral drugs was evaluated by the level of virus reproductive suppression of 100 lg EID50/0.2 ml in chicken embryos. Statistical analysis was performed using Microsoft Office Excel 2010 software. Results. A study of susceptibility to chemotherapeutic agents demonstrated heterogeneity of influenza A and B virus population isolated in Kazakhstan during the 2018–2019 period. The susceptibility to tamiflu was found in all Kazakhstan strains of influenza A/H1N1 virus and three type B strains (inhibitory concentration was 0.44–25.38 μg/mL). The reproduction of most viruses was effectively inhibited by Tamiflu at a concentration of 0.68–3.23 μg/mL. The inhibitory concentration for three strains of A/H1N1 virus was 7.23–25.38 μg/mL. Remantadine inhibited reproduction of viruses at higher doses (12.60–25.55 μg /mL). All investigated viruses were resistant to Arbidol and Ingavirin. A single type B influenza virus strain was found to be weakly susceptible to Ingavirin. Conclusion. The heterogeneity of influenza virus population in susceptibility to antiviral drugs suggest a need for constant epidemiological surveillance in order to identify drug-resistant variants.
Assessing the 2019 rubella elimination status in the Russian Federation
Authors: Chekhlyaeva T. S. , Tsvirkun O. V. , Turaeva N. V. , Erokhov D. V. , Barkinkhoeva L. A. , Tikhonova N. T.
Published: December 2021

In 2002, the WHO Regional Office for Europe developed the Strategic Program for the Prevention of Measles and Congenital Rubella Infections in the European Region, which was revised in 2004. As a result of the revision, an additional target was set to eliminate endemic rubella in the region by 2010. Rubella is a disease well controlled by vaccination that accounts for a theoretical potential to interrupt its global transmission. Since 2013, the Russian Federation has been implementing the National Rubella Elimination Program. Elimination criteria have been revised as the Program proceeds. Currently, the main criterion for rubella elimination is the absence of endemic (local) virus transmission for at least 36 months, which should be confirmed by molecular genetic research methods. In addition, in the Russian Federation, an incidence rate of less than 1 case per 1 million population is also used as one of the elimination criteria. Since 2013, due to a high (over 95%) coverage of preventive vaccinations a decrease in incidence rates and their stabilization at a level of less than 1 per 1 million population since 2014 state in favor of successfully implemented Program. Genetic monitoring of rubella virus strains circulating in human population noted the termination of endemic virus transmission. While implementing the Elimination Program, the prevailing virus genotypes that circulate in Russia were found to be genotypes 1E and 2B showing a global distribution. The data obtained after molecular genetic monitoring allowed to find that the strains isolated during this period belonged to different clusters accounting for in favor of being imported. Considering the above factors such as high vaccination coverage, low incidence rate and lack of endemic virus transmission, the 2017 WHO Committee on verification of measles and rubella elimination assigned the Russian Federation the status of a country that has achieved rubella elimination. The continuation of the phase of infection elimination is confirmed annually. This article presents the results on comprehensive assessment of rubella elimination status in the Russian Federation by specialists from the National Scientific and Methodological Center for Measles and Rubella and WHO EURO Moscow regional reference laboratory for measles and rubella based on 2019 epidemiological data and molecular genetic studies.
Clinical significance of Streptococcus members in developing periodontitis
Authors: Bazhutova I. V. , Ismatullin D. D. , Lyamin A. V. , Trunin D. A. , Zhestkov A. V. , Razumnyj V. A.
Published: December 2021

Bacteria of the genus Streptococcus are one of the most numerous and diverse representatives in the normal biocenosis of human organs and systems particularly being abundant as obligatory inhabitants of the oral cavity. All streptococci are divided into six groups: S. mitis, S. anginosus, S. salivarius, S. mutans, S. bovis and S. pyogenes, among which their certain number may potentially participate in the infectious process of developing periodontitis. Owing to the presence of a wide range of adhesion, invasion and colonization factors, they are capable of performing a protective function such as colonization resistance, but they may also cause formation of a pathological process in the tooth tissues and dento-facial system. The most prominent adhesion factors are antigens I/II (Ag I/II), fibronectin, collagen, laminin, fibrinogen binding proteins, serine-rich glycoproteins, pili, protein M, proteases, C5a peptidases, and the presence of a tooth capsule. Among the complex of proteolytic enzymes, it is important to note that streptococci contain enzymes hyaluronidase and lyase, which cleave the β1,4 bond between N-acetylglucosamine and d-glucuronic acid as the components of hyaluronic acid being a part of the connective tissues. The members of the S. anginosus group are able to release chondroitin sulfatase, which destroys chondroitin sulfates as specific components in cartilage, ligaments and other connective tissue structures. The enzymes noted contribute to a deeper spread of microorganisms in host tissues. Pathological processes associated with the development of periodontitis comprise a complex problem, wherein several important elements take part, including an infectious agent, a macroorganismal response in the form of nonspecific and adaptive immunity, as well as involvement of anti-inflammatory components. A great number of studies in research literature are dedicated to describe to participation of the members within the “red”, “orange” and “green” complexes as the principal components in developing periodontitis. Whereas the “yellow” and the “purple” complex play a more protective role by acting as antagonists while interacting with periodontopathogens, but it should not be ruled out a potential participation for some representatives, particularly S. intermedius, S. gordonii, A. odontolyticus, A. naeslundii in developing periodontal disease. Altogether, it poses a problem, which may be solved solely based on a multidisciplinary approach by inviting not only dentists and bacteriologists but also researchers of other specialties. Here we review the studies found in international and national data bases such as Scopus, Web of Science, Springer, RSCI.
Neurotransmitter level in neuroamin-containing lung structures in different forms of tuberculosis
Authors: Gimaldinova N. E. , Lyubovtseva L. A. , Lyubovtseva E. V.
Published: December 2021

The aim of the study was to identify features of varying localization of monoamines (catecholamines, serotonin) in the cell structures in tuberculosis-affected lung autopsy samples. Material and methods. 165 cases of secondary pulmonary tuberculosis were studied by examining 2,500 histological preparations from patients aged 30 to 55 years, divided into 5 groups, corresponding to the forms of tuberculosis. The Falck–Hillarp luminescence-histochemical method was used to determine the content of neurotransmitters in lung structures. Results. While using the Falck–Hillarp luminescence-histochemical method, mycobacteria tuberculosis containing catecholamines and serotonin were detected   in autopsy material of lungs affected by a specific inflammatory process, as well as neuroamine-containing granular luminescent cells and mast cells. Affected and intact areas of the lungs contain different amounts of monoamines. The number of cells and level of the bioamines studied depends on the form of secondary tuberculosis. It was found that in small forms of secondary tuberculosis (acute focal, fibrous-focal, infiltrative), the number of cells and quantitative parameters of neurotransmitters (catecholamines, serotonin) examined in granular luminescent and mast cells change to rise. In case of lung destructive processes, the level of catecholamines in the structures studied of affected area was higher than in control. The concentration of serotonin in the studied cells lung tissue affected by the tuberculosis process was reduced. Elastic nerve fibers at the sites of mycobacteria were altered as well. They displayed no clear luminescence, looked “swollen”, sometimes lacking varicose veins. Conclusion. Comparing the results of the study with the literature data, it was found that pulmonary tuberculosis occurs as a delayed reaction, and Mycobacterium tuberculosis manifests itself as a corpuscular antigen.
EXAMINING AN ASSOCIATION BETWEEN FUT2 GENE AND HELICOBACTER PYLORI INFECTION RELATED TO CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS
Authors: Shrayner E. , Havkin A. , Kokh N. , Klimova A. , Lifshits G.
Published: December 2021

The aim of the study was to examine an association of the rs602662 FUT2 genetic locus with the status of H. pylori infection and development of related diseases (chronic gastritis, gastric ulcer and 12 duodenal ulcer).Methods: The study included 91 patients, divided into two groups - "case" and "control". Criteria for the “case” group enrollment: diagnosis of gastric or duodenal ulcer, chronic non-atrophic gastritis; positive test for H. pylori.The “control” group included patients with episodic complaints of dyspepsia while undergoing a comprehensive examination, with negative test for H. pylori, as well as having no history of former therapy on H. pylori elimination.The study for the presence of the polymorphic locus rs602662 of the FUT2 gene was carried out by the standard TaqMan PCR method on a Real-Time CFX96 Touch amplifier. The follow-up period was 6 months.Results: The main group included 50 patients aged 21 to 50 years, the control group – 41 patients. Patients infected with H. pylori more often noticed symptoms of dyspepsia - in 36%, compared with the control group - 9.7%. A family history of associated diseases in the main group was significantly differed, χ2 = 4.97, p 0.05.To assess the contribution of the rs602662 locus genotype in FUT2 gene to the risk of clinically manifested H. pylori infection, the main group was divided into subgroups. In the distribution of alleles in these groups, significant differences were revealed. Allele "A" has a protective effect regarding the onset of clinical symptoms of dyspepsia. The odds ratio (OR) with the carriage of allele "A" (genotypes A / A and G / A versus G / G) to have clinical symptoms with a positive H. pylori status was 0.175 (CI = [0.049-0.625] chi2 = 7.79 p = 0.0053 ).Conclusion:1. No association of alleles and genotypes of the rs602662 locus of the FUT2 gene with the status of H. pylori infection was revealed.2. Carriage of allele "A" have a significant association with the absence of clinical symptoms in patients with a positive status of H. pylori infection, OR 0.175 (CI = [0.049-0.625] chi2 = 7.79 p = 0.0053).
Influence of ultraviolet blood irradiation on COVID-19 associated community-acquired pneumonia
Authors: Khodza I. E. , Puzdryak P. D. , Bondarenko P B. , Degtyarev A. M. , Erofeev A. A. , Chizhova K. A. , Shlomin V. V. , Vedernikova E. S.
Published: December 2021

The pandemic of the 21st century caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus has posed a challenge for the global medical community. Community-acquired polysegmental pneumonia caused by the novel coronavirus infection (COVID-19) proceeds in a variety of types and may be complicated by a potentially lethal immune response — the cytokine storm. The latter is characterized by rapid proliferation and increased activity of T cells, macrophages and natural killer cells releasing various inflammatory cytokines and chemical mediators by protective cells. This pathological condition can be treated by recombinant humanized monoclonal antibody against monofunctional cytokine human interleukin-6 receptor. The effect of IL-6 blockers is to selectively bind and inhibit both soluble and membrane IL-6 receptors (sIL-6R and mIL-6R). There are studies demonstrating a positive effect and increased survival rate while using drugs that block the production of interleukin-6. The new coronavirus infection causes inflammation of the artery wall with intravascular thrombogenesis, which justifies the high efficiency of anticoagulant and hormone therapy. The standards of drug treatment of the studied infection include antiviral, anti-inflammatory, anticoagulant, mucolytic, symptomatic, intravenous infusion and oxygen therapy. Methodological recommendations for the diagnosis and treatment of a new coronavirus infection, issued by the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, are regularly updated in accordance with the accumulation of positive treatment results by global and local medical communities. In addition to drug therapy, there are other methods of body detoxification. One of the additional methods for treatment of community-acquired pneumonia along with viral “vasculitis” and correction of the immune response can be provided by ultraviolet blood irradiation (UBI). It is well known that ultraviolet radiation has a disinfecting effect. The wavelengths used in UBI affect the efficiency of UV absorption by DNA molecules of the pathogen. Bactericidal UV radiation at certain wavelengths causes thymine dimerization in DNA molecules. The accumulation of such changes in the DNA of microorganisms leads to a slowdown in the rate of their reproduction and extinction. The photohemocorrection method is characterized by immunostimulatory, antiinflammatory, anti-hypoxic, membrane stabilizing, antioxidant and detoxifying effects. In the current study we obtained data on a significant decrease in the systemic inflammatory response, marked and fast decrease of the C-reactive protein in blood tests of patients while receiving ultraviolet blood irradiation. The relief of the systemic inflammatory reaction had a positive effect on the reduction of infiltrative changes in the lung tissue, as well as the timing of discharge from hospital.
Metagenomic analysis to identify the causative agents of atypical urogenital tract infections
Authors: Kutilin D. S.
Published: December 2021

Background. Research in recent decades has shown that classical microbiological methods can only detect a small, cultivable portion of microorganisms. One of the modern approaches to detect a wide range of bacteria and archaea is presented as a type of metagenomic analysis performed by high-throughput sequencing of ribosomal operon fragment libraries. Objective is to conduct metagenomic analysis of samples from the urogenital tract of patients with chronic inflammation to identify pathogens not detected by other methods. Methods. Taxonomic analysis of the bacterial community was performed by high-throughput sequencing of the V3–V4 hypervariable region of the 16S rRNA gene by using the Illumina HiSeq 3000 platform. Results. The study allowed to identify the taxonomic diversity of microorganisms in samples from the urogenital tract (from 197 to 794 different microorganisms belonging to the Bacteria were identified), as well as to establish differential differences concerning members of the genera Megasphaera, Prevotella, Veillonella, Pedobacter, Mobiluncus, Phobormidium, Sphing Temperatibacter, Oxobacter, Georgenia, Actinobaculum, Varibaculum, Mycobacterium, Rhodococcus, Sediminihabitans, Actinobacter, Actinoplanes, Spirochaeta, Enhydrobacter, Thermacetogenium, Bdellovibrio, Oleibacter, Porphyromonas, Klebsiella, Lachnoclostridium, Caulobacter, Xanthomonas, Novispirillum, Marvinbryantia, Afipia, Shinella, Tepidimonas, Faecalibacterium, Paludibacterium, Aerococcus, Campylobacter, Pasteurella, Rumen, Psychrobacter, Haemophilus, Brevibacillus, Sporosarcina, Yaniella and Lactobacillus between samples from patients with chronic inflammation and apparently healthy individuals. Conclusion. Differential differences were found in the composition of the microbiome from the samples of patients with chronic inflammation and apparently healthy individuals, concerning members of 44 genera, including Megasphaera, Prevotella, Veillonella, Pedobacter, Mobiluncus, Phormidium and Lactobacillus. The inflammatory processes observed in the patient urogenital tract can be associated with imbalanced microflora such as decreased level of typical members of the genera Staphylococcus, Streptococcus and Lactobacillus, but increased number of members from of the genera Klebsiella and Citrobacter.