bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A temporary cholesterol-rich diet and bacterial extracellular matrix factors favor
Salmonella
spp. biofilm formation in the cecum
Authors: Cruz-Cruz Alonso , Schreeg Megan E. , Gunn John S.
Published: December 2024

Asymptomatic chronic carriers occur in approximately 5% of humans infected with
Salmonella enterica
serovar Typhi (
S
. Typhi) and represent a critical reservoir for bacterial dissemination. While chronic carriage primarily occurs in the gallbladder (GB) through biofilms on gallstones, additional anatomic sites have been suggested that could also harbor
Salmonella. S
. Typhimurium, orally infected 129 × 1/SvJ mice were pre-treated with a cholesterol-rich diet as a gallstone model for chronic carriage. We observed
S
. Typhimurium in feces and the cecum during early and persistent infection. Furthermore, bacterial biofilm-like aggregates were associated with the cecum epithelium at 7 and 21 days post-infection (DPI) in mice on a lithogenic diet (Ld) and correlated with an increase in cecal cholesterol at 21 DPI.
Salmonella
’s extracellular matrix (ECM) was demonstrated as important in colonizing the cecum, as survival and aggregate formation significantly decreased when mice were infected with a quadruple ECM mutant strain. Gallbladder
Salmonella
counts were low at 36 DPI while cecal
Salmonella
were high, suggesting that gallbladder colonization was likely not responsible for the high cecal burden. All cecum phenotypes were significantly diminished in mice fed a normal diet (Nd). Finally, we examined the capability of
S
. Typhi to colonize the cecum and showed
S
. Typhi in feces and in aggregates in the cecum up to 7 DPI, with slightly higher counts in mice fed a Ld compared to Nd. Our findings suggest that the cecum, particularly under cholesterol-rich conditions, serves as an adaptative niche for
Salmonella
spp. aggregates/biofilms and is a putative site for long-term infection.

IMPORTANCE

Typhoid fever is a systemic infectious disease triggered by the gastrointestinal dissemination of
Salmonella
Typhi and Paratyphi in humans. Three to five percent of infected individuals become chronic carriers, a state in which gallstone biofilm formation facilitates spread of the bacteria in feces. Notably, surgical removal of the gallbladder (GB) in some chronic carriers (22%) does not guarantee the elimination of the bacteria, and the rationale for this remains poorly understood. This study is significant as it explores other tissues associated with the chronic carrier state. It highlights not only a cholesterol-rich diet as an important etiological factor for
Salmonella
colonization but also identifies the cecum as a crucial tissue promoting fecal shedding. Additionally, we determined that biofilm matrix components of
Salmonella
are key factors contributing to these effects. A greater understanding of these mechanisms will allow the formulation of new therapeutic strategies specifically targeted at preventing typhoid fever dissemination from chronic carriers.
Phenotypic plasticity in parotid tumours: insights from a surgical oncologist’s perspective
Authors: Kushwaha Naveen kumar , Jaiswal Pradeep , Murthy Harish Shiva , Dhaman Pawan Kumar
Published: December 2024

Phenotypic plasticity refers to the ability of tumour cells to undergo molecular and phenotypic changes in response to microenvironmental stresses, genetic and epigenetic alterations, or treatment-induced selective pressures, thereby promoting tumour progression. This case report discusses a man in his 70s with pleomorphic adenoma of the parotid, where phenotypic plasticity led to the development of pleomorphic liposarcoma in the parotid through transdifferentiation. Sarcomas can arise in the parotid from pre-existing pleomorphic adenomas or de novo, with only eight reported cases of primary parotid liposarcoma. The less studied pathway is the adenoma-carcinoma-sarcoma progression in pleomorphic adenoma of the parotid. This case report and literature review aim to investigate this evolutionary process and its implications for treatment planning and management from a surgical oncologist’s perspective.
Juvenile recurrent parotitis
Authors: Vaishnavi Kanajam Swetha Sri , KS Aswanth , Arun Babu Thirunavukkarasu
Published: December 2024

A child in middle childhood presented with six episodes of left-sided parotitis in the last 6 months. This was associated with erythematous circinate patches of the dorsal aspect of the tongue suggestive of geographic tongue. His growth was normal with no underlying nutritional deficiencies. Relevant investigations ruled out immune conditions like Sjogren’s syndrome, lupus erythematosus and immunodeficiencies. The child had a complete resolution on conservative management. This case depicts a rare association of two uncommon entities.
Impact of somato-cognitive coordination therapy on activities of daily living in a patient with Huntington’s disease
Authors: Shinmoto Keito , Torikai Yuki , Hara Masahiko
Published: December 2024

Huntington’s disease (HD) causes progressive neurodegeneration, impairing activities of daily living (ADL). Treatment focuses primarily on symptomatic relief through multidisciplinary approaches. This case report examines the impact of somato-cognitive coordination therapy (SCCT) on ADL in a patient with HD. A woman in her 40s with early-stage HD underwent 22 SCCT sessions using the mediVR KAGURA (mediVR), a virtual reality technology-based medical device over 20 months. Her total functional capacity rating scale improved from 10 to 11 and her Barthel Index improved from 90 to 100 within 3 months, allowing her to continue working. These improvements were sustained for 17 months. Objective measures like the single-leg stance test showed consistent progress. Improved cognitive function and psychiatric well-being were also suggested by the Trail Making Test and a return to hobbies like hiking. SCCT may have the potential to improve ADL and could complement multidisciplinary care strategy for HD patients.
Comparative risk of type 2 diabetes development between women with gestational diabetes and women with impaired glucose tolerance over two decades: a multiethnic prospective cohort in New Zealand
Authors: Yu Dahai , Fu Hang , Zhao Zhanzheng , Pickering Karen , Baker John , Cutfield Richard , Orr-Walker Brandon J , Sundborn Gerhard , Cai Yamei , Wang Zheng , Wang Chengzeng , Simmons David
Published: December 2024

Introduction

To evaluate the long-term risk of developing type 2 diabetes (T2D) among women with a history of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) compared with those with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT).

Research design and methods

Using data from a primary care dataset linked with multiple health registries, this longitudinal study analyzed demographics, clinical data, and lifestyle factors of women diagnosed with GDM or IGT, assessing T2D incidence over 25 years, using Cox regression models.

Results

Women with GDM, especially those over 35 years of Māori ethnicity, or socioeconomic deprivation, exhibited an elevated risk of T2D compared with those with IGT. The first 5 years post partum emerged as a critical window for intervention.

Conclusions

This study underscores the importance of early, targeted post-GDM interventions to mitigate T2D risk. It highlights the necessity of personalized post-GDM interventions to reduce T2D incidence which consider age, ethnicity, and socioeconomic status to maximize effectiveness.
Chemotherapy combined with cadonilimab (AK104) as neoadjuvant treatment for locally advanced gastric/gastro-oesophageal junction adenocarcinoma: study protocol for a single-arm, phase II clinical trial
Authors: Zhang Peng-Fei , Zhang Wei-Han , Liu Xi-Jiao , He Du , Yang Kun , Gou Hong-Feng , Hu Jian-Kun
Published: December 2024

Introduction

Neoadjuvant chemotherapy has been demonstrated to be effective and recommended as the standard treatment option in patients with locally advanced gastric or gastro-oesophageal junction (G/GOJ) cancer. In this study, we will explore the efficacy and safety of chemotherapy combined with cadonilimab, a programmed death-1/cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 bispecific antibody, in neoadjuvant therapy for locally advanced G/GOJ adenocarcinoma.

Methods and analysis

This is a single-centre, single-arm, open-label, phase II trial that will enrol 37 patients in total. Eligible patients will be registered and receive three cycles of oxaliplatin and S-1 (SOX) regimen in combination with cadonilimab. Radical D2 (D2 lymphadenectomy) gastrectomy will be performed within 4 weeks after the last administration of chemotherapy plus cadonilimab. The primary endpoint is the pathological complete response rate. Secondary endpoints are R0 resection rate, major pathological response, 2-year disease-free survival rate, 2-year overall survival rate and safety. The first participant was recruited on 1 September 2023 and the enrolment will be completed in July 2025.

Ethics and dissemination

Written informed consent will be required from and provided by all the patients enrolled. The study protocol (V.3.0, 28 April 2023) has been approved by the independent ethics committee of West China Hospital, Sichuan University (approval number: 2023526) and conducted under the Declaration of Helsinki. The results of the study may provide more evidence for neoadjuvant immunotherapy combined with chemotherapy in locally advanced G/GOJ adenocarcinoma.

Trial registration number

ClinicalTrials.gov,NCT05948449.
Bridging theory and practice: a scoping review protocol on gamification’s impact in clinical reasoning education
Authors: Lee Ching-Yi , Lee Ching-Hsin , Lai Hung-Yi , Chen Po-Jui , Chen Mi-Mi , Yau Sze-Yuen
Published: December 2024

Introduction

In the rapidly evolving field of medical education, gamification has emerged as a promising strategy to enhance clinical reasoning skills among healthcare professionals. By incorporating game-like elements into the learning environment, gamification strives to enhance engagement, motivation and knowledge retention. Given the importance of clinical reasoning in medical decision-making and patient care, this scoping review protocol aims to systematically explore developments, implementations and outcomes of gamification in clinical reasoning education.

Methods and analysis

The scoping review will follow the Arksey and O'Malley methodological framework, enhanced by guidelines from the Joanna Briggs Institute. We will search four major databases: OVID Medline, Scopus and Web of Science using key terms such as “gamification,” “clinical reasoning,” and “medical education”. Studies will be selected based on the participants, concepts and contexts (PCC) framework, focusing on literature published in English. Two independent reviewers will screen studies and extract data on gamification elements used in clinical reasoning education. Any disagreement between the reviewers will be resolved by consulting a third person. We will provide a narrative synthesis of the findings, highlighting the variety of gamified strategies and their effects on clinical reasoning skills. This review will also map out gaps in the current literature and provide direction for future research.

Ethics and dissemination

The scoping review, which aggregates and synthesises publicly available studies, does not require ethics approval due to its nature as a compilation of existing research. The reporting of findings will adhere to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) checklist, promoting both thoroughness and transparency in our analysis. Our dissemination plan encompasses publication in a peer-reviewed journal and presentations at academic conferences focused on medical education. This strategy is designed to engage educators, curriculum designers and policymakers within the sector, ensuring our insights reach those who can apply them most effectively.
Mifepristone as a non-emergency contraceptive among women of reproductive age: a protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Nkangu Miriam , Frisendahl Caroline , Polis Chelsea , Chen Tracy , Sterling Evan , Gomperts Rebecca , Plagianos Marlena , Haddad Lisa , Gemzell-Danielsson Kristina
Published: December 2024

Background

Mifepristone is a selective progesterone receptor modulator with decades of data demonstrating its potential as a highly effective emergency as well as non-emergency contraceptive. Despite considerable evidence pointing to the potential effectiveness of mifepristone as a non-emergency contraceptive, no systematic review has been conducted to synthesise the available evidence. This systematic review aims to synthesise the current evidence on the use of mifepristone as a non-emergency contraceptive to prevent pregnancy among cisgender girls and women of reproductive age.

Methods

We developed an electronic search strategy in collaboration with the research librarian. We will search five databases (Ovid Medline, CINAHL, EMBASE, Cochrane-Central Trials and Global Health) from inception and identify additional studies using several grey literature search strategies. All databases will be searched from inception, and we planned to complete the search by 30 June 2024. An Ovid Medline search strategy conducted on 24 May 2024 is provided as an example. We will include all studies that involve cisgender girls and/or women of reproductive age (defined as 54 years or younger), which assessed mifepristone as a non-emergency contraceptive to prevent pregnancy. The primary outcome is contraceptive effectiveness. Two independent reviewers will screen studies for eligibility through title, abstract, and full-text review. We will extract data with Covidence software using a Cochrane Effective Practice and Organisation of Care (EPOC)-adapted data-extraction tool and will assess risk of bias using the EPOC risk of bias tool and the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale. If sufficient data are available, we will conduct a meta-analysis using fixed and/or random effect models. However, if we are unable to conduct a meta-analysis, we will present the results narratively using the synthesis without meta-analysis guidelines and the EPOC table recommended for presenting findings without meta-analysis. Grades of Recommendation, Assessment, Development and Evaluation will be used to assess the quality of the evidence. We will report this review according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols guidelines.

Ethics and dissemination

This review is focused on secondary data and does not require any ethical approval. We aim to publish the review in a peer-reviewed scientific journal to promote knowledge transfer and present results using other knowledge translation mediums.

PROSPERO registration number

CRD42024554720.
Electroacupuncture for abdominal obesity: protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials
Authors: Lu Qiuling , Xu Mindong , Zhang Lida , Gao Li , Mao Wei , Han Wei , Xu Nenggui
Published: December 2024

Introduction

The prevalence of obesity is rising, significantly impacting health and quality of life. Effective treatment is crucial, particularly for abdominal obesity (AO). Electroacupuncture (EA), which combines acupuncture and moxibustion with electric current, shows promise but lacks reliable clinical evidence for its efficacy and safety. Therefore, a meta-analysis is essential to assess the clinical effectiveness of EA in treating AO.

Methods and analysis

A systematic search of PubMed, Medline, Embase, the Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang and Allied and Alternative Medicine (AMED) databases will be conducted from database inception to 1 June 2024 to identify randomised controlled trials investigating the effectiveness and safety of EA in treating AO. Two authors will independently carry out data extraction and evaluate the risk of bias. RevMan software (V.5.4) will be used for data analysis, and publication bias will be assessed using funnel plots and Egger’s test. The quality of evidence will be evaluated according to Grades of Recommendation, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation, and trial sequence analysis will be used to calculate the final total sample size required for the meta-analysis. The primary outcome will be the measurement of waist circumference. Secondary outcomes will include the quality of life, hip circumference, waist-to-hip ratio, body mass index, body fat percentage, visceral fat thickness and serum markers such as triglycerides, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. The data will be pooled and analysed, with subgroup analyses conducted if needed.

Ethics and dissemination

This systematic review and meta-analysis does not require ethical approval because the data for this review will be extracted from already published journal articles. The protocol for this review has been registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO). This review and its findings will be published in a peer-reviewed journal or presented at scientific conferences.

PROSPERO registration number

CRD42024562984.
Proxy medical decision-making: national survey
Authors: Phua Andrew Ian-Hong , Zakaria Camellia , Pakianathan Pavithren VS , Chan Noreen , Lim Mervyn Jun Rui , Liew Tau Ming , Koh Gerald Choon Huat , Foong Pin Sym
Published: December 2024

Objectives

Population ageing and increased care needs lead to adults making consequential medical decisions for others, potentially impacting treatment and end of life. We aim to describe the prevalence of medical decision-making by proxy among the national population and associated demographic and care factors.

Methods

We designed a cross-sectional online survey with a nationally representative adult cohort with an 80% participation rate. 311 Singapore residents completed the survey.

Results

73% of respondents reported having ever assisted others with medical decisions, while 58% have ever assisted with activities of daily living (ADLs), and 88% with instrumental ADLs (IADLs). Having a digital caregiver account, having a lasting power of attorney as a donee and assisting with ADLs and IADLs are significantly associated with proxy medical decision-making. Gender, ethnicity, income and age did not appear to have a significant impact.

Conclusions

A majority of Singapore adults assist others with caregiving tasks and medical decision-making. These helping behaviours are often performed informally, which may increase decisional burden for caregivers and potential abuse of power.
Examining changes in the sodium content of Canadian prepackaged foods: 2013 to 2017
Authors: Christoforou Anthea , Bernstein Jodi , Dickinson Kacie , Yang Yahan , Arcand JoAnne , L'Abbe Mary
Published: December 2024

In an effort to improve high sodium consumption in the population, in 2012 Health Canada released voluntary sodium reduction targets for prepackaged foods to be met before 2017. This study used the University of Toronto’s Food Label Information Program database (FLIP), 2013 and 2017 collections, to evaluate changes and differences in mean sodium content of Canadian prepackaged foods and manufacturers’ progress in meeting Health Canada’s average and maximum sodium reduction targets. Changes to sodium content (reformulation) in products present in both FLIP years and differences across years including both new and existing products were assessed via paired and independent t-tests, respectively. The average sodium content from FLIP 2017 was also compared to previously published sales-weighted average sodium content published by Health Canada to aid in the interpretation of our results. Our reformulation analyses of consistent products between years revealed that 50% of food subcategories did not have significant changes in mean sodium from 2013 to 2017. Examining both new and existing foods, 59% of subcategories had no significant difference in mean sodium content between 2013 and 2017. The proportion of foods meeting final sodium targets was 33.6% in 2013 and 37.3% in 2017. In 2013 and 2017, 20.8% and 19.6% of products exceeded the maximum sodium targets, respectively. For almost all major food categories, a greater proportion of new products in 2017 met final sodium targets compared to existing foods (present in both FLIP 2013 and 2017). Nearly, half the major food categories examined had more new products meeting the maximum sodium target than existing products. Less than half of food subcategories (48%, n = 45/94) from FLIP 2017 differed by ≥20% compared to sales-weighted averages published by Health Canada. Our findings reveal limited progress in the reduction of sodium in prepackaged foods. Calls for more robust policy initiatives and the continued independent monitoring of food industry efforts in Canada are warranted.
Experiments on T-stiffener and Doubler Plate Reinforced Moment Connections for Wide-Flange Beams and RHS Columns in Type LD MRFs: Recommendations for CSA S16
Authors: Clahane Rebecca K. , Tousignant Kyle
Published: December 2024

Two beam-to-rectangular hollow section (RHS) column connections were investigated to assess the CSA S16:24 design requirements for limited-ductility (Type LD) moment resisting frames (MRFs). The first connection was reinforced externally using T-stiffeners, and the second had top and bottom flange plates welded to a doubler plate reinforced RHS wall. This paper presents a comparison of the CSA S16:24 design requirements for Type LD MRF connections to the AISC 341-22 design requirements for ordinary moment frames; a rational design approach for each of the two beam-to-column connections; and the results of an experimental program comprising two quasi-static and four reverse cyclic tests on full-scale assemblies. An evaluation of the connections’ strength, stiffness, and overall behaviour is made, and both connections are shown to meet the performance requirements of CSA S16:24 Clause 27.4.4.c. Recommendations are provided to facilitate the use of RHS columns in Type LD MRFs.
Injection, confinement, and diagnosis of electrons and positrons in a permanent magnet dipole trap
Authors: von der Linden J. , Nißl S. , Deller A. , Singer M. , Belmore N. , Hugenschmidt C. P. , Pedersen T. Sunn , Saitoh H. , Stenson E. V.
Published: December 2024

Prerequisites for the goal of studying long-lived, magnetically confined, electron–positron pair plasmas in the laboratory include the injection of both species into the trap, long trapping times, and suitable diagnostic methods. Here we report recent progress on these tasks achieved in a simple dipole trap based on a supported permanent magnet. For the injection of electrons, both an

$$\textbf{E}\times B$$

E
×
B

drift technique (of a

$$\sim $$

∼

2–

$$\upmu $$

μ

A, 6-eV beam) and “edge injection” (from a filament emitting a few mA and biased to some tens of volts) have been demonstrated; the former is suitable for low-density beams with smaller spatial and velocity spreads, while the latter employs fluctuations arising from collective behavior. To diagnose the edge-injected electrons, image potentials and currents induced on a wall probe, the magnet case, and wall electrodes were measured. Confinement of drift-injected positrons, measured experimentally, exhibited at least two well-separated timescales. Simulations reproduced this qualitatively, using a simple model of elastic collisions with residual background gas, and point to small adjustments for increasing trapping times. In a major upgrade to diagnostic capabilities, 25 bismuth germanate detectors, placed in three reentrant ports, are able to localize annihilation gammas, which will be used in future experiments to distinguish between different loss channels.

Graphical abstract
A Robust Cyber Attack Detection Method Through Attention-Based Graph Neural Networks
Authors: Xu Xiangyang , Song Yu
Published: December 2024

In an era of big data, accurately detection towards cyber attacks is crucial to retain healthy operation of cyberspace. Traditional detection methods often existed locality when detecting new types of attacks. To deal with this issue, this paper proposes a robust cyber attack detection method through attention-based graph neural network. It introduces channel attention to achieve linear pooling of data, and then fuses graph convolutional network to construct a graph representation model for cyberspace data. The nodes and edges in the network are represented as the structure of the graph, and the attention mechanism is combined to dynamically calculate the importance weight of nodes in each graph convolution layer. The technical roadmap is to utilize the strong feature representation ability of attention-based graph learning to establish a robust cyber attack detection approach. At last, the proposed approach is assessed using the CSIC2010 dataset by comparing with several typical methods. The experimental results show that the proposed method can better identify and distinguish cyber attack types, and has higher accuracy and robustness. This proposal is expected to help cyberspace and operators avoid increasingly complex cyber attacks in practical applications.
Reinforcement Learning-Based Multi-Objective Route Planning for Collaborative Control of Group Robots
Authors: Guo Yifei , Zhang Ruili
Published: December 2024

Traditional path planning algorithms are often designed for one single objective, making it difficult to effectively address multi-objective scenarios in collaborative control of group robots. As a result, we propose a reinforcement learning-based multi-object route planning approach for this purpose in complex environment. It first analyzes the motion trajectory and positioning method of group robots, and constructs a basic multi-objective path planning method for group robots. Then, it designs obstacle avoidance paths for group robots through reinforcement learning. In this method, we set reinforcement learning parameters based on the path of group robots, complete adaptability analysis using constraint functions, and finally optimize the path through evaluation. By comparing with several typical methods, some experiments were conducted to evaluate the proposed algorithm. The experimental results show that when the iteration number is 5, the constraint function value of the algorithm in this study is 832, while the values of other algorithms are 326 (AGV algorithm), 373 (Multi-UAV algorithm), and 493 (MRDWA-MADDPG algorithm), respectively. Taking into account other experimental results, it can be seen that the algorithm in this study performs the best at this iteration number. In summary, this study can provide theoretical and technical support for group robots to efficiently collaborate and complete multi-objective tasks in complex environments.
Vibration Frequencies of Thin Rectangular Plates with Internal, Edge, and Corner Rectangular Cutouts
Authors: Deutsch A. , Eisenberger M.
Published: December 2024

This paper presents a new analytical method for the solution of the vibration frequencies of rectangular plates with cutouts. The cutouts may be internal or bordering the edges of the plate. In this work, a newly derived exact solution for the vibrations of rectangular plates for all the possible combinations of boundary conditions is extended for the solution of the vibrations of rectangular plates with cutouts. The problem is modeled as an assembly of plates. The continuation requirements along the connecting edges are enforced as part of the solution. The accuracy of the solution is studied through comparisons with published results from other methods.
Design and Analysis of Steel Box Structures with Corner Connection Subjected to Internal Blast Loading
Authors: Guo Yuan , Chen Jianyong , Mo Daihui , Yan Xiaoshun , Han Zhengjun , Cheng Yuansheng , Zhang Pan
Published: December 2024

This paper investigates the dynamic response of steel box structures with corner connection under internal explosion using a validated numerical model. The main focus of present study is to explore the design strategies of corner connection. Several attempts have been made by comparing with the one without core connection, examining the effect of layout position, and analyzing the strain uniformity. The results show that the corner connection could significantly improve the blast performance in terms of shock wave convergence and permanent deformation. The design of layout position is critical to ensure the beneficial effect of corner connection. The layout in quadrant I performs best in reducing the bulging deformation of box structure. However, quadrants III and IV would even deteriorate the structural deformation. Strain uniformity analysis confirms the potential matching correlation between the wall surface and corner connection for avoiding vulnerability to suffer fracture at connection region. Finally, a modified dimensionless number is proposed to consider the effect of core connection on the deformation response of box structure. Exponential fitting function with high correlation coefficient is achieved for the relationship between the deflection–thickness ratio and modified dimensionless number.
A Comparative Study on Static, Free Vibration and Energy Absorption Analysis of Thick Truncated Cones Reinforced with GOri or GPLs
Authors: Liang Lin , Zhang Jie
Published: December 2024

This study examines the impact of reinforcement type and distribution on the natural frequency, deflection, equivalent stress, and Specific Energy Absorption (SEA) of copper thick truncated cones reinforced with Graphene Platelets (GPLs) or Graphene Origami (GOri). The cone comprises [Formula: see text] layers with Functionally Graded (FG) distributions (X, O, V, UD patterns). Using 2D axisymmetric elasticity theory and the quadratic finite element method, free vibration and static problems are solved. The impact of the GOri and GPLs’ mass fraction and distribution pattern, folding degree of GOri, different boundary conditions and cone angle on the natural frequencies, displacement, equivalent stress and SEA have been investigated and compared. Results show that increasing GPL mass fraction raises natural frequency, while GOri exhibits a folding degree–dependent relationship, with higher folding degrees reducing frequencies. Stress distribution varies by pattern and reinforcement; GOri increases maximum stress in UD and V-patterns but decreases it in X and O-patterns at higher folding degrees. Maximum stress is 8.23 MPa (UD, 100% folding) and minimum 4.25[Formula: see text]MPa (X-pattern). SEA decreases with mass fraction; GOri enhances SEA at 100% folding and below 2.5% mass fraction but reduces it at higher fractions. GPL-reinforced cones show the lowest SEA below 2.5% mass fraction.
Non-singular interior models of anisotropic spherical structures in f(R,T) gravity
Authors: Naseer Tayyab , Hassan Komal , Sharif M. , Smitha T. T. , Al Shaqsi Khalifa
Published: December 2024

We develop two different singularity-free interior stellar models characterizing anisotropic fluid distribution in this paper in the background of [Formula: see text] gravity. The modified Einstein field equations and the corresponding pressure anisotropy are then calculated in conjunction with a static spherical spacetime. We then address the field equations by using two different constraints that make a system easy to solve. By taking into account specific forms of pressure anisotropy, we formulate two different stellar models. The differential equations appear in both cases whose solutions incorporate integration constants and we determine them by equating the metric potentials of the interior and the Schwarzschild exterior metrics at the spherical interface. Another condition that plays a crucial role in this regard is the vanishing radial pressure at the matching surface. We subsequently discuss multiple conditions that, when met, yield physically feasible compact models. We also consider the estimated data of a pulsar LMC X-4 along with five distinct values of the model parameter to graphically assess the developed solutions. It is concluded that both our models are well-aligned with the physically existence conditions in this modified gravity framework.
Soliton dynamics and nonlinear wave theory: Understanding the interplay of thermal effects in plasma waves
Authors: Owyed Saud , Khater Mostafa M. A.
Published: December 2024

The regularized long-wave ([Formula: see text]) equation is a fundamental model in shallow water wave theory, with extended relevance to other physical systems, such as plasma physics. The [Formula: see text] equation governs key nonlinear wave phenomena, including the propagation and interaction of solitons, or localized solitary waves. In plasma physics, it describes ion-acoustic waves, which are low-frequency compressional waves arising from the interaction between ions and electrons. While the ion-acoustic wave exhibits Korteweg–de Vries soliton behavior in the cold plasma limit, the [Formula: see text] equation offers a more accurate representation of ion-acoustic solitons and peaked structures in warm plasmas by accounting for thermal effects.

This research presents novel analytical approximations for solitary wave solutions within the [Formula: see text] equation, which is critical for modeling nonlinear shallow water and plasma waves. The equation’s ability to describe peaked solitary waves, known as “peakons”, represents wave-breaking phenomena. By employing the improved Riccati expansion and modified Fan expansion techniques, this study derives periodic peakon solutions, offering new insights into the equation’s behavior.

A thorough analysis of the [Formula: see text] equation is provided, emphasizing its importance for nonlinear wave modeling in both fluid and plasma systems. This paper also includes numerical validation using He’s variational iteration method, which enhances the transparency of the findings by addressing the underlying assumptions and limitations. The principal findings contribute to the broader understanding of nonlinear solitary wave theory, with practical implications for nonlinear wave dynamics across multiple physical domains. Suggested extensions are outlined for further investigation within this established theoretical framework. This study maintains consistent notation and terminology to facilitate clear communication of ideas in adherence to academic standards.
Exploring stochastic solitons: Variational approaches, conservation laws, and bifurcation of the (3 + 1)-dimensional nonlinear Schrödinger equation with fractional-order numerical insights
Authors: Wael Shrouk , AL-Denari Rasha B. , Seadawy Aly R.
Published: December 2024

In this paper, we investigate the stochastic [Formula: see text]-dimensional nonlinear Schrödinger equation (NLSE), a critical model for understanding wave dynamics under the influence of random perturbations. We apply He’s semi-inverse method to establish a variational formula for the stochastic [Formula: see text]-dimensional NLSE and we use this formula to construct conservation laws corresponding to the symmetries of the model. Based on this formulation, a solitary solution can be easily obtained using the Ritz method. We explore approximate solutions of the stochastic [Formula: see text]-dimensional NLSE equation by choice of a trial function in the region of the rectangular box in three cases. Subsequently, we approximate the trial function using a piecewise linear ansatz in one case of the two-box potential, followed by an approximation using quadratic polynomials with two free parameters instead of the piecewise linear ansatz. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the analytical approaches, namely, the improved modified extended tanh-function method and He’s semi-inverse variational principle method for seeking more exact solutions via the stochastic [Formula: see text]-dimensional NLSE equation. As a result, bright solitons, singular solitons, periodic wave solution and dark solitons solutions are obtained. Furthermore, the dynamical behaviors of the model are discussed by investigating bifurcations at equilibrium points. The paper not only advances the theoretical understanding of the stochastic [Formula: see text]D NLSE but also provides practical methodologies for solving this complex equation, offering new insights into wave phenomena influenced by stochastic effects. In addition, we employ the fractional reduced differential transform (F-RDT) method, interpreted through Caputo fractional derivatives, to construct a numerical solution utilizing hyperbolic functions. We further analyze the influence of the fractional order parameter, denoted as [Formula: see text], on the behavior of the numerical solution. This investigation includes a detailed examination of the discrepancies between the exact solitary wave solutions and the corresponding numerical approximations, allowing us to identify the absolute errors. By comparing the two, we provide insights into the accuracy and stability of the numerical approach for solving the studied equation, emphasizing how variations in [Formula: see text] impact the precision of the model.
One-Loop correction to the Casimir energy in Lorentz-violating ϕ4 theory with rough membrane boundaries
Authors: Valuyan M. A.
Published: December 2024

In this paper, we calculate the radiative correction to the Casimir energy for both massive and massless Lorentz-violating scalar fields confined between two membranes with rough surfaces in a (3+1)-dimensional spacetime. The computations are performed for four types of boundary conditions: Dirichlet, Neumann, Periodic, and Mixed. A crucial element of our approach involves the use of position-dependent counterterms to incorporate the influence of boundaries within the renormalization program. To manage the divergences that emerge in the Casimir energy calculations, we apply the Box Subtraction Scheme (BSS) along with the cutoff regularization technique. We present and discuss results for various degrees of membrane roughness, emphasizing the consistency of our findings with theoretical expectations.
Efficient and Adaptive Recommendation Unlearning: A Guided Filtering Framework to Erase Outdated Preferences
Authors: Dang Yizhou , Liu Yuting , Yang Enneng , Guo Guibing , Jiang Linying , Zhao Jianzhe , Wang Xingwei
Published: December 2024

Recommendation unlearning is an emerging task to erase the influences of user-specified data from a trained recommendation model. Most existing research follows the paradigm of partitioning the original dataset into multi-fold and then retraining corresponding sub-models while those influences are totally removed. Despite the effectiveness, two key problems remain unexplored: (i) Existing work becomes inefficient and computationally expensive to retrain all sub-models, especially when facing large amounts of unlearning data. (ii) User preferences are dynamically changing. If users express negative opinions on some interacted items they used to prefer, how can we adaptively erase the outdated preferences behind such transformation from the trained model? Although these unlearning data contain outdated information, there is still a lot of helpful knowledge worth preserving. Existing methods ignore this preservation during unlearning and may remove all the knowledge in the interactions, compromising the final performance. In light of these limitations, we propose a novel unlearning framework called GFEraser, which transforms the unlearning into an efficient guided filtering process to avoid time-consuming retraining and retain beneficial knowledge. Specifically, we develop an intra-user negative sampling strategy to learn the outdated preferences that need to be erased. Under the guidance of differential maximization agreement and attention-based fusion module, the original representations are adaptively filtered and aggregated based on the learned preferences. Besides, we leverage contrastive learning to preserve the invariant user preferences, maintaining the final performance. Finally, we devise a new metric called
Ranking Decrease Rate
to evaluate the unlearning effect. Experimental results demonstrate that GFEraser can maintain reliable recommendation performance while achieving efficient outdated preferences unlearning, up to 37

\(\times\)

acceleration.
From Nodes to Knowledge: Exploring Social Network Analysis in Education
Authors: Singh Shashank Sheshar , Muhuri Samya , Kumar Sumit , Barua Jayendra
Published: December 2024

In the evolving education landscape, this survey investigates the integration and transformation of educational paradigms using social network analysis (SNA). This article examines the fundamentals of SNA, including nodes, edges, centrality metrics, and network dynamics, for a comprehensive understanding of the education domain. It guides researchers through various applications of SNA in education, such as student–teacher networks and institutional collaborations, highlighting the advantages and challenges of these complex interactions. The article assesses the methodologies used in educational SNA, including data collection strategies and the associated ethical considerations. The survey also discusses various case studies and applications where SNA facilitates well-informed decision-making, enhanced academic collaboration, and the evaluation of student performance. This article focuses on the transformative potential of SNA and acknowledges the limitations, ethical dilemmas, and technological challenges in the field. It concludes with a forward-looking perspective on the future of SNA in education, showcasing supportive technological advancement. This survey highlights the evolution of SNA since its incorporation into educational research and practices.
Motor Neuron Diseases and Central Nervous System Tractopathies: Clinical-Radiologic Correlation and Diagnostic Approach
Authors: Desai Amit B. , Agarwal Amit , Mohamed Alaa S. , Mohamed Khalid H. , Middlebrooks Erik H. , Bhatt Alok A. , Gupta Vivek , Kumar Neeraj , Sechi Elia , Flanagan Eoin P. , López Chiriboga Sebastian
Published: December 2024

Diagnosis of motor neuron diseases and other corticospinal tractopathies requires a comprehensive approach that integrates clinical symptoms and laboratory findings with findings from conventional MRI and advanced neuroimaging.
Understanding BI-RADS Category 3
Authors: Fazeli Soudabeh , Stepenosky James , Guirguis Mary S. , Adrada Beatriz , Rakow-Penner Rebecca , Ojeda-Fournier Haydee
Published: December 2024

BI-RADS category 3 is used for findings with a low malignancy probability and warrants careful short-interval follow-up imaging, and misconceptions about category 3 and new data supporting its use in breast MRI highlight the need for continued education on appropriate use in multimodality breast imaging.
Species differences of fatty liver diseases: comparisons between human and feline
Authors: Ling Like , Li Ruilin , Xu Mengqiong , Zhou Junjie , Hu Manli , Zhang Xin , Zhang Xiao-Jing
Published: December 2024

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has emerged as the most widespread chronic liver disease that poses significant threats to public health due to changes in dietary habits and lifestyle patterns. The transition from simple steatosis to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) markedly increases the risk of developing cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, and liver failure in patients. However, there is only one Food and Drug Administration-approved therapeutic drug in the world, and the clinical demand is huge. There is significant clinical heterogeneity among patients with NAFLD, and it is challenging to fully understand human NAFLD using only a single animal model. Interestingly, felines, like humans, are particularly prone to spontaneous fatty liver disease. This review summarized and compared the etiology, clinical features, pathological characteristics, and molecular pathogenesis between human fatty liver and feline hepatic lipidosis (FHL). We analyzed the key similarities and differences between those two species, aiming to provide theoretical foundations for developing effective strategies for the treatment of NAFLD in clinics.
Advanced Clinical Practitioners’ Resilience and Emotional and Spiritual Well‐Being During COVID‐19
Authors: Rogers Melanie , Windle Angela , Wu Lihua , Taylor Vanessa , Bale Chris
Published: December 2024

Aim: This study investigated the impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on the emotional and spiritual well‐being and the resilience of advanced clinical practitioners in the United Kingdom.

Background: Advanced clinical practitioners are experienced healthcare professionals educated to a master’s level who demonstrate expertise, professional judgment, and autonomy across four pillars of advanced practice. Normally, in nursing and the allied health professions, advanced clinical practitioners provide clinical leadership and improve clinical continuity by providing high‐quality care to patients through complex decision‐making and managing risk. The role contributes to workforce transformation enabling organizations to meet changing population, patient, and service delivery needs. Advanced clinical practitioners’ well‐being and resilience were particularly at risk during the pandemic due to the increased workload, moral distress, redeployment into other clinical areas, and isolation. Phase 1 of this study identified that advanced clinical practitioners had worryingly low levels of well‐being and resilience during the first 6 months of the pandemic. This paper reports Phase 2’ findings 1 year into the pandemic.

Method: Three hundred and seventy‐one respondents completed an online survey comprising three validated scales assessing resilience and emotional and spiritual well‐being.

Results: One year into the pandemic, advanced clinical practitioners reported a continued decline in their well‐being, with average scores on this measure being 12 percent lower compared to prepandemic levels Differences also emerged in the scores of advanced clinical practitioners practicing in primary and secondary care services.

Conclusion: Our findings showed the ongoing deleterious impact of the pandemic on the well‐being and resilience of advanced clinical practitioners. As the attention of healthcare leaders shifts to the delivery of services post‐COVID‐19, the longer‐term impact of the pandemic on the mental health and well‐being of the workforce, alongside the ongoing workforce crisis in the UK and globally, means the well‐being and resilience of advanced clinical practitioners need urgent addressing if these role holders are to continue to lead patient care, workforce transformation, and service innovation. Tailored interventions to support advanced clinical practitioners appear necessary to prevent significant workforce impact including absenteeism, long‐term stress, sickness absence, and loss to the healthcare workforce.
Unveiling the Mechanism of Lurbinectedin’s Action and Its Potential in Combination Therapies in Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Calles Antonio , Calvo Emiliano , Santamaría Nuñez Gema , Costanzo Federico , Guillén María José , Martinez Diez Marta , Gupta Aparna , Cuevas Carmen , Egly Jean-Marc , Avilés Pablo
Published: December 2024

Lurbinectedin is a selective inhibitor of oncogenic transcription approved for the treatment of adult patients with metastatic small cell lung cancer with disease progression on or after platinum-based chemotherapy. Preclinical data provide evidence for lurbinectedin exerting its actions in a unique manner that involves oncogenic transcription inhibition, DNA damage, reshaping of the tumor microenvironment, and inducing anticancer immunity. Understanding the mechanism of action has facilitated the rational combination of lurbinectedin and anticancer therapies with complementary modes of action, in order to obtain synergistic effects that could potentially lead to improved efficacy. This review evaluates the mechanism of action for lurbinectedin and provides an overview of the therapeutic landscape with regards to lurbinectedin combination therapies for the treatment of small cell lung cancer based on data from preclinical and clinical studies.