bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Complementary DNA Significantly Enhancing Signal Response and Sensitivity of a Molecular Beacon Probe to Aflatoxin B1
Authors: Wang Chao , Zhu Kexiao , Yu Jie , Shi Pengfei
Published: January 2023

This paper reported an improved molecular beacon method for the rapid detection of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), a natural mycotoxin with severe carcinogenicity. With the assistance of a complementary DNA (cDNA) chain, the molecular beacon which consists of a DNA aptamer flanked by FAM and BHQ1 displayed a larger fluorescent response to AFB1, contributing to the sensitive detection of AFB1. Upon optimization of some key experimental factors, rapid detection of AFB1 ranging from 1 nM to 3 μM, within 20 min, was realized by using this method. A limit of detection (LoD) of 1 nM was obtained, which was lower than the LoD (8 nM) obtained without cDNA assistance. This aptamer-based molecular beacon detection method showed advantages in easy operation, rapid analysis and larger signal response. Good specificity and anti-interference ability were demonstrated. This method showed potential in real-sample analysis.
Quartz Crystal Microbalance Technology Coupled with Impedance for the Dynamic Monitoring of the Cardiomyocyte Beating Function and Drug Screening
Authors: Zhou Zhen , Zhang Xiaoyu , Zhou Tiean , Huang Fushen , Chen Jinjun
Published: January 2023

The main sensing techniques used to study myocardial pulsation are electrical impedance sensing (EIS) and by quartz crystal microbalance (QCM). While electrical impedance technology is the gold standard for the study of myocardial pulsation, the clinical application of drugs is being followed up in real time additionally, thus, QCM technology needs to be further developed as a very important class of quality sensor technology. Moreover, the application of EIS, in combination with the QCM, for monitoring myocardial pulsation, has been rarely reported. In this paper, a series of cell growth and adhesion conditions were optimized using rat primary cardiomyocytes, and QCM was used in combination with EIS to monitor the adhesion and the myocardial pulsation ability of the cells in real time. Furthermore, cardiomyocytes that adhered to the QCM and EIS were treated with isoprenaline (ISO), a positive inotropic drug, and verapamil (VRP), a negative inotropic drug. Next, the cell index (CI)-time (T) plots, beating amplitude (BA) and beating rate (BR) of the cardiomyocytes were calculated and changes in these parameters, before and after, dosing were evaluated. The results showed that the QCM technique results were not only consistent with the results obtained with EIS, but also that the QCM technique had a certain degree of sensitivity for the calculation of cardiomyocyte beating. Thus, our findings validate the reliability and validity of the QCM technique for measuring cardiomyocyte beating and drug testing. We hope that further studies would evaluate the application of the QCM technology for clinical use.
A Monoclonal Antibody-Based Immunochromatographic Test Strip and Its Application in the Rapid Detection of Cucumber Green Mottle Mosaic Virus
Authors: Zhao Zichen , Tian Yanli , Xu Chang , Xing Yuanfei , Yang Lili , Qian Guoliang , Hua Xiude , Gong Weirong , Hu Baishi , Wang Limin
Published: January 2023

Two specific monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) were screened, and an immunochromatographic strip (ICS) test for rapid and specific detection of cucumber green mottle mosaic virus (CGMMV) was developed. The coat protein of CGMMV was heterologously expressed as an immunogen, and specific capture mAb 2C9 and the detection mAb 4D4 were screened by an uncompetitive immunoassay. The test and control lines on the nitrocellulose membrane were coated with the purified 2C9 and a goat anti-mouse IgG, respectively, and a nanogold probe combined with 4D4 was applied to the conjugate pad. Using these mAbs, a rapid and sensitive ICS was developed. Within the sandwich mode of 2C9–CGMMV–4D4, the test line showed a corresponding positive relationship with CGMMV in infected samples. The ICS test had a detection limit of 1:5000 (w/v) for CGMMV in samples and was specific for CGMMV, with no observed cross-reaction with TMV or CMV.
Smart Mask as Wearable for Post-Pandemic Personal Healthcare
Authors: Li Jingcheng , Yin Jing , Ramakrishna Seeram , Ji Dongxiao
Published: January 2023

A mask serves as a simple external barrier that protects humans from infectious particles from poor air conditions in the surrounding environment. As an important personal protective equipment (PPE) to protect our respiratory system, masks are able not only to filter pathogens and dust particles but also to sense, reflect or even respond to environmental conditions. This smartness is of particular interest among academia and industries due to its potential in disease detection, health monitoring and caring aspects. In this review, we provide an overlook of the current air filtration strategies used in masks, from structural designs to integrated functional modules that empower the mask’s ability to sense and transfer physiological or environmental information to become smart. Specifically, we discussed recent developments in masks designed to detect macroscopic physiological signals from the wearer and mask-based disease diagnoses, such as COVID-19. Further, we propose the concept of next-generation smart masks and the requirements from material selection and function design perspectives that enable masks to interact and play crucial roles in health-caring wearables.
Salivary Diagnostics in Pediatrics and the Status of Saliva-Based Biosensors
Authors: Min Hayeon , Zhu Sophie , Safi Lydia , Alkourdi Munzer , Nguyen Bich Hong , Upadhyay Akshaya , Tran Simon D.
Published: January 2023

Salivary biomarkers are increasingly being used as an alternative to diagnose and monitor the progression of various diseases due to their ease of use, on site application, non-invasiveness, and most likely improved patient compliance. Here, we highlight the role of salivary biosensors in the general population, followed by the application of saliva as a diagnostic tool in the pediatric population. We searched the literature for pediatric applications of salivary biomarkers, more specifically, in children from 0 to 18 years old. The use of those biomarkers spans autoimmune, developmental disorders, oncology, neuropsychiatry, respiratory illnesses, gastrointestinal disorders, and oral diseases. Four major applications of salivary proteins as biomarkers are: (1) dental health (caries, stress from orthodontic appliances, and gingivitis); (2) gastrointestinal conditions (eosinophilic esophagitis, acid reflux, appendicitis); (3) metabolic conditions (obesity, diabetes); and (4) respiratory conditions (asthma, allergic rhinitis, small airway inflammation, pneumonia). Genomics, metabolomics, microbiomics, proteomics, and transcriptomics, are various other classifications for biosensing based on the type of biomarkers used and reviewed here. Lastly, we describe the recent advances in pediatric biosensing applications using saliva. This work guides scientists in fabricating saliva-based biosensors by comprehensively overviewing the potential markers and techniques that can be employed.
Assessing the Efficacy of Mechanical Thrombectomy in Patients with an NIHSS < 6 Presenting with Proximal Middle Cerebral Artery Vessel Occlusion as Compared to Best Medical Management
Authors: Yedavalli Vivek Srikar , Hamam Omar , Gudenkauf Julie , Wang Richard , Llinas Rafael , Marsh Elisabeth Breese , Caplan Justin , Nael Kambiz , Urrutia Victor
Published: January 2023

Background and Purpose: Minor acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients—defined by an NIHSS score < 6—presenting with proximal middle cerebral artery large vessel occlusions (MCA-LVO) is a subgroup for which treatment is still debated. Although these patients present with minor symptoms initially, studies have shown that several patients afflicted with MCA-LVO in this subgroup experience cognitive and functional decline. Although mechanical thrombectomy (MT) is the standard of care for patients with an NIHSS score of 6 or higher, treatment in the minor stroke subgroup is still being explored. The purpose of this preliminary study is to report our center’s experience in evaluating the potential benefit of mechanical thrombectomy (MT) in minor stroke patients when compared to medical management (MM). Methods: We performed a retrospective study with two comprehensive stroke centers within our hospital enterprise of consecutive patients presenting with minor AIS secondary to MCA-LVO (defined as M1 or proximal M2 segments of MCA). We subsequently evaluated patients who received MT versus those who received MM. Results: Between January 2017 and July 2021, we identified 46 AIS patients (11 treated with MT and 35 treated with MM) who presented with an NIHSS score < 6 secondary to MCA-LVO (47.8% 22/46 female, mean age 62.3 years, range 49–75 years). MT was associated with a significantly lower mRS at 90 days (median: 1.0 [IQR 0.0–2.0] versus 3.0 [IQR 1.0–4.0], p = <0.001), a favorable NIHSS shift (−4.0 [IQR −10.0–−2.0] versus 0.0 [IQR −2.0–1.0], p = 0.002), favorable NIHSS shift dichotomization (5/11, 45.5% versus 3/35, 8.6%, p = 0.003) and favorable mRS dichotomization (7/11, 63.6% versus 14/35, 40.0%, p = 0.024). Conclusions: In our center’s preliminary experience, for AIS patients presenting with an NIHSS score < 6 secondary to MCA-LVO, MT may be associated with improved clinical outcomes when compared to MM only.
Impact of Cognitive Impairments on Health-Related Quality of Life in Schizophrenia
Authors: Rekhi Gurpreet , Saw Young Ern , Lim Keane , Keefe Richard S. E. , Lee Jimmy
Published: January 2023

The impact of cognitive impairments on the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in individuals with schizophrenia is unclear. The aim of this study was to examine the association between cognitive impairments and HRQoL in individuals with schizophrenia. A total of 609 individuals with schizophrenia were assessed on the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) and a neurocognitive battery which comprised of the Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence matrix reasoning, the Benton Judgment of Line Orientation Test, Continuous Performance Tests-Identical Pairs, and the Brief Assessment of Cognition in Schizophrenia. A cognitive factor g was derived from the neurocognitive battery. EuroQol five-dimensional (EQ-5D-5L) utility scores were derived from PANSS scores via a previously validated algorithm and used as a measure of HRQoL. Hierarchical multiple regression was conducted to examine the association between cognitive factor g and the EQ-5D-5L. Cognitive factor g (β = 0.189, t = 4.956, p < 0.001) was found to be significantly associated with EQ-5D-5L scores. Age (β = −0.258, t = −6.776, p < 0.001), sex (β = 0.081, t = 2.117, p = 0.035), and being employed (β = 0.091, t = 2.317, p = 0.021) were also significant predictors of EQ-5D-5L. Our results add to the extant literature on the burden cognitive impairments exact in individuals with schizophrenia. More research is needed to develop effective interventions for cognitive impairments in schizophrenia.
Development and Validation of a Prediction Model for Anxiety Improvement after Deep Brain Stimulation for Parkinson Disease
Authors: Chang Bowen , Mei Jiaming , Ni Chen , Xiong Chi , Chen Peng , Jiang Manli , Niu Chaoshi
Published: January 2023

Background: Parkinson’s disease (PD) represents one of the most frequently seen neurodegenerative disorders, while anxiety accounts for its non-motor symptom (NMS), and it has greatly affected the life quality of PD cases. Bilateral subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation (STN-DBS) can effectively treat PD. This study aimed to develop a clinical prediction model for the anxiety improvement rate achieved in PD patients receiving STN-DBS. Methods: The present work retrospectively enrolled 103 PD cases undergoing STN-DBS. Patients were followed up for 1 year after surgery to analyze the improvement in HAMA scores. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression were conducted to select factors affecting the Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA) improvement. A nomogram was established to predict the likelihood of achieving anxiety improvement. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, decision curve analysis (DCA), and calibration curve analysis were conducted to verify nomogram performance. Results: The mean improvement in HAMA score was 23.9% in 103 patients; among them, 68.9% had improved anxiety, 25.2% had worsened (Preop) anxiety, and 5.8% had no significant change in anxiety. Education years, UPDRS-III preoperative score, and HAMA preoperative score were independent risk factors for anxiety improvement. The nomogram-predicted values were consistent with real probabilities. Conclusions: Collectively, a nomogram is built in the present work for predicting anxiety improvement probability in PD patients 1 year after STN-DBS. The model is valuable for determining expected anxiety improvement in PD patients undergoing STN-DBS.
Effect of Transcutaneous Spinal Direct Current Stimulation in Patients with Painful Polyneuropathy and Influence of Possible Predictors of Efficacy including BDNF Polymorphism: A Randomized, Sham-Controlled Crossover Study
Authors: Rahin Hedayat , Jackson Walker Scot , Thordstein Magnus
Published: January 2023

Introduction: The neuromodulating effects of transcutaneous-spinal Direct Current Stimulation (tsDCS) have been reported to block pain signaling. For patients with chronic pain, tsDCS could be a potential treatment option. To approach this, we studied the effect of anodal tsDCS on patients with neuropathic pain approaching an optimal paradigm including the investigation of different outcome predictors. Methods: In this randomized, double-blinded, sham-controlled crossover study we recruited twenty patients with neurophysiologically evaluated neuropathic pain due to polyneuropathy (PNP). Variables (VAS; pain and sleep quality) were reported daily, one week prior to, and one week after the stimulation/sham period. Anodal tsDCS (2.5 mA, 20 min) was given once daily for three days during one week. BDNF-polymorphism, pharmacological treatment, and body mass index (BMI) of all the patients were investigated. Results: Comparing the effects of sham and real stimulation at the group level, there was a tendency towards reduced pain, but no significant effects were found. However, for sleep quality a significant improvement was seen. At the individual level, 30 and 35% of the subjects had a clinically significant improvement of pain level and sleep quality, respectively, the first day after the stimulation. Both effects were reduced over the coming week and these changes were negatively correlated. The BDNF polymorphism Val66Met was carried by 35% of the patients and this group was found to have a lower general level of pain but there was no significant difference in the tsDCS response effect. Neither pharmacologic treatment or BMI influenced the treatment effect. Conclusions: Short-term and sparse anodal thoracic tsDCS reduces pain and improves sleep with large inter-individual differences. Roughly 30% will benefit in a clinically meaningful way. The BDNF genotype seems to influence the level of pain that PNP produces. Individualized and intensified tsDCS may be a treatment option for neuropathic pain due to PNP.
The Genetics of Intellectual Disability
Authors: Jansen Sandra , Vissers Lisenka E. L. M. , de Vries Bert B. A.
Published: January 2023

Intellectual disability (ID) has a prevalence of ~2–3% in the general population, having a large societal impact. The underlying cause of ID is largely of genetic origin; however, identifying this genetic cause has in the past often led to long diagnostic Odysseys. Over the past decades, improvements in genetic diagnostic technologies and strategies have led to these causes being more and more detectable: from cytogenetic analysis in 1959, we moved in the first decade of the 21st century from genomic microarrays with a diagnostic yield of ~20% to next-generation sequencing platforms with a yield of up to 60%. In this review, we discuss these various developments, as well as their associated challenges and implications for the field of ID, which highlight the revolutionizing shift in clinical practice from a phenotype-first into genotype-first approach.
Application of the COM–B Framework to Understand Facilitators and Barriers for Practising Physical Activity among Pregnant Women and Midwives Participating in the WELL-DONE! Study
Authors: Marini Sofia , Messina Rossella , Masini Alice , Scognamiglio Francesca , Caravita Isotta , Leccese Vincenza , Soldà Giorgia , Parma Dila , Bertini Virginia , Scheier Lawrence Matthew , Dallolio Laura
Published: January 2023

Regular physical activity (PA) is protective and reduces disease burden but remains a challenge for pregnant women (PW). According to the World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines, PW without contraindications should practice 150 min of moderate PA per week. Nonetheless, PA levels are concerningly low among PW. The aim of this study was to investigate PW’s and midwives’ perceptions regarding PA and recommended guidelines, and use this information to inform future health promotion strategies. We recruited 10 PW and 10 midwives to participate in online focus groups conducted between July 2020 and April 2021. Focus group probes and data analysis were guided by the COM–B (capability, opportunity, motivation–behaviour) framework. The majority of the sample had already practised PA, recognized the importance of PA during pregnancy, and considered the WHO guidelines reasonable. Notwithstanding, PW wanted more specific instruction on PA and desired opportunities to practice. Additional barriers reported by PW included low self-efficacy and lack of motivation. Midwives considered the lack of specific knowledge and confidence in managing PA as the main obstacles. The current findings suggest that PW and midwives need specific training in PA to overcome both psychological and physical barriers. Midwives play a vital role in educating and encouraging PA among PW.
A Study of Ornamental Craftsmanship in Doors and Windows of Hui-Style Architecture: The Huizhou Three Carvings (Brick, Stone, and Wood Carvings)
Authors: Cao Zihao , Mustafa Muhizam Bin
Published: January 2023

The ornamental craftsmanship of the doors and windows of Hui-style architecture demonstrates the centuries-old, intangible culture of Huizhou, of which the Huizhou three carvings (brick, stone, and wood carvings) have received increasing attention from researchers in recent years. This study aims to identify the characteristics of the Huizhou three carvings of doors and windows in Hui-style architecture in order to better preserve and develop this ornamental craftsmanship. To achieve this aim, an ethnographic design was used. The study found that the history, process, and location of Huizhou three carvings have obvious regional characteristics. This study can be useful for all stakeholders (scholars, architects, and craftsmen) in Hui-style architecture.
Alkali-Activated Hybrid Cement from Mineral Wool Fiber Waste and OPC
Authors: Gutiérrez-Orrego Diego A. , Gómez-Botero Maryory A. , García Edwin F.
Published: January 2023

Cements to replace ordinary portland cement (OPC) are currently being studied due to the high environmental costs of OPC production. One viable alternative is alkali-activated cements, which can be made from pozzolanic materials such as stone wool fiber waste (SW). At present, SW is the most used insulation material in the world, and the disposal and recycling of it is an environmental challenge due to its fibrous nature and low density. In the present work, an alkali-activated cement (AAC) and an alkali-activated hybrid cement (AAHC) were obtained from the alkaline activation of SW. The unconfined compressive strength (UCS) of the AAC and AAHC obtained was evaluated. After 28 days of curing at room temperature, the maximum UCS reached was 6.7 MPa for samples without the addition of OPC and 12.3 MPa for those with the addition of OPC. In addition, alkaline reaction products were identified in all the combinations through XRD and SEM-EDS. The results are promising as they show a hybrid material obtained from an industrial waste product and has a reduced carbon footprint.
A Follow-Up Spatial Analysis of Naturally Occurring Retirement Communities in the Greater Brisbane Region: Using the Latest Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) Census Data (2021)
Authors: E Jiaxuan , Xia Bo , Buys Laurie , Chen Qing , Susilawati Connie
Published: January 2023

We conducted a spatial and temporal analysis of naturally occurring retirement communities (NORCs) in the Greater Brisbane region using the latest ABS Census 2021 data. Four methods of spatial analysis were employed to identify the distribution and evolution of NORCs: (i) geovisualisation, (ii) spatial autocorrelation, (iii) cluster and outlier analysis, and (iv) hotspot and cold spot analysis. The findings from this data analysis are consistent with previous research findings that NORCs are developing at a fast pace and are concentrated along the Brisbane River and coastline areas, where an increasing number of older people are relocating for better ageing in place, i.e., ageing at home in the community as long as possible. In addition, the spatial distribution of NORCs is characterized by a preference for cluster, with most of the NORC population located in coastal areas. Furthermore, older people moving out and younger people moving in are the primary reasons why the city and the south area are becoming cold spots. The findings of this study will provide practical implications for various stakeholders to assist older Australians in ageing in place as long as they desire by developing age-friendly community environments.
In-Plane Behaviour of Unreinforced Masonry Strengthened with a Structural Glass Window: A Proof of Concept
Authors: Gaggero Maria B. , Korswagen Paul A. , Esposito Rita , Rots Jan G.
Published: January 2023

Innovative solutions for seismic-retrofitting existing structures are currently required, as often traditional strategies are expensive, non-reversible, highly invasive, and/or fail to address both serviceability and ultimate limit states together. The present paper describes a preliminary experimental campaign performed at TU Delft to investigate an innovative structural glass window for strengthening masonry buildings. To this purpose, a prototype composed of a timber frame, a semi-rigid adhesive, and a 20 mm thick structural glazing layer was designed. The prototype aimed to improve the structure’s behavior against minor but more frequent service vibrations (SLS), as well as against ultimate ones (ULS). Specifically, an increase in the structure’s in-plane capacity and stiffness was targeted to reduce cracking at low drifts/displacements, while at larger drifts, the adhesive’s tearing and timber crushing were used to activate damping. To evaluate the prototype’s performance, a quasi-static, cyclic, in-plane test on a strengthened full-scale wall was performed and compared with available data on a similar, yet unstrengthened, wall. Although the benefits were not pronounced in terms of cracking and energy dissipation, the implementation of the proposed strategy provided an increase in terms of initial stiffness (18%), force capacity (8%, 36%), and ductility (220%, 135%). This outcome provides the ground for numerical studies that will help better delineate the proposed strategy and improve the current design.
Verification of the Maximum Stresses in Enhanced Welded Details via High-Frequency Mechanical Impact in Road Bridges
Authors: Al-Karawi Hassan , Leander John , Al-Emrani Mohammad
Published: January 2023

High-frequency mechanical impact (HFMI) is an efficient post-weld treatment technique that enhances fatigue strength in metallic welded structures. Steel or steel-concrete composite road bridges, where the fatigue limit state often governs the design, compose one category of structures that can benefit from the application of this technology. To assert an improvement in fatigue strength using HFMI, the induced compressive residual stresses must be stable. Therefore, the maximum service stresses that can be allowed on HFMI-treated joints should be controlled to avoid the relaxation of the induced beneficial compressive stresses by HFMI treatment. Using statistical analysis of recorded traffic, this paper compares the measured maximum traffic loads to those generated by a load model. More than 870,000 and 470,000 recorded vehicles from traffic measurements in Sweden and the Netherlands are used in this analysis. To capture the characteristic bending moment, the daily maxima of the resulting measured load effect are combined with the extreme value distribution of the bending moment. In addition, it is found that the characteristic load combination is the best-studied option to assess the maximum stress in HFMI-treated weldments in road bridges.
Green Walls as Retrofitting Measure: Influence on Energy Performance of Existing Industrial Buildings in Central Italy
Authors: Banti Neri , Ciacci Cecilia , Di Naso Vincenzo , Bazzocchi Frida
Published: January 2023

Industrial buildings in Italy are currently highly energy intensive. Their old age prevents them from complying with current environmental and energy requirements; consequently, redevelopment initiatives should therefore be considered in order to improve the overall performances of these facilities. Within this framework, this research aims to evaluate the results achievable by introducing indirect green façades as retrofitting solutions. Starting from a real case study building located in central Italy, energy simulations were carried out using DesignBuilder, varying buildings’ geometry, dimensions and windows-to-wall ratios as well as greenery coverage percentage. The evidence shows an appreciable potential for green walls to improve the summer performance of industrial buildings, as they resulted in a reduction in cooling energy demand during the summer season of about 14%. Moreover, external surface temperature was reduced by 8 °C during the hottest days, ensuring higher durability in building components. Furthermore, indoor air temperature during the summer design week decreased by 0.6 °C. During the winter season, the green façades avoid exploiting free solar gains due to incident solar radiation, and a slight increase of about 4% occurred in heating energy needs. For this reason, the implementation of deciduous vegetation species should be evaluated for industrial buildings located in Mediterranean latitudes.
The Structural Behaviour of Tension Steel Rods Strengthened with Carbon-Fiber-Reinforced Composite Materials
Authors: Tusnin Alexander , Shchurov Evgeniy
Published: January 2023

Strengthening can increase or recover the bearing capacity of steel constructions of buildings and structures in operation. Besides well-known strengthening techniques, including an increase in the sectional area by means of attaching steel plates, angles, channels, pipes etc. to a strengthened element, other methods, that involve the use of carbon fiber-reinforced composite materials, have strong prospects. So far, the structural behaviour of steel constructions, strengthened with carbon fiber-reinforced composite materials, is understudied, and this fact restrains the practical application of this strengthening method. The article presents the results of complex experimental, theoretical and numerical studies of the features of the operation of steel-stretched elements reinforced with glued carbon fiber. The emphasis is on the load-bearing capacity of the reinforced element, and not on the mechanism of destruction of the glue. This is due to the use of an adhesive joint performed using the glue and gluing technology recommended by the manufacturer of carbon fiber. It has been experimentally established that, in this case, the stresses in carbon fiber cannot exceed a certain value. Theoretical dependences for the calculation of CFRP-reinforced steel stretched elements are proposed. The scientific novelty of this research project is a set of basic principles and methods, developed to identify the bearing capacity of steel rods, strengthened with carbon fiber-reinforced composite materials, taking into account the joint strength performance of a steel rod and adhesively bonded carbon-fiber-reinforced composite material, as well as the new findings thus obtained, such as the theoretical dependencies needed to identify the bearing capacity of steel rods strengthened with carbon-fiber-reinforced composite materials; experimental data on the joint strength performance of carbon-fiber-reinforced composite lamellas attached to a steel rod by an adhesive; experimental data on the performance and the bearing capacity of steel rods strengthened with carbon-fiber-reinforced composite lamellas; development of finite element models of steel rods strengthened with carbon-fiber-reinforced composite materials, and computational studies of steel rods strengthened with carbon fiber-reinforced composite materials.
A Simplified Method for Evaluating the Diaphragm Flexibility for Frame-Shear Wall Structure under Earthquake Load
Authors: Huang Yuan , Zhang Xiaoli , Wang Lizhuan , Hu Xiaofang
Published: January 2023

The rigid floor assumption is commonly used in structural design, but it is not applicable to buildings with a large plane aspect ratio. This study designed nine frame-shear wall structures with the story of 3, 6, and 12, with a plane aspect ratio of 2, 3.33, and 4. Based on the design results, the finite element models were set up by ETABS. Both the rigid diaphragm and the flexible diaphragm cases were considered in each model. The effect of elastic diaphragm deformation on structural seismic performance was investigated, including fundamental period, top displacement, inter-story drift, and base shear force. The results indicate that the diaphragm deformation on 3-story structures is more significant than that on 6-story and 12-story structures. The diaphragm in-plane deformation increases with the aspect ratio. On the basis of the analysis results, a simplified formula to calculate the internal force amplification factor and a quantitative assessment method for evaluating the diaphragm flexibility were proposed, which can provide a reference for engineering design.
Study on Influencing Factors of Paste Coating Thickness of Pervious Concrete
Authors: Xiong Bobo , Gao Honghu , Chen Jianguo , Lu Xiaochun , Tian Bin , Chen Bofu , Liu Wanhao
Published: January 2023

Pervious concrete (PC) is a multifunctional material with good water permeability, noise reduction, and heat absorption properties. The most critical performance indicators of the PC are permeability and strength, which are mainly affected by the cement paste coating thickness (PCT) on the aggregate surface. The experiment was carried out to study the influence of the water–cement ratio, superplasticizer dosage, aggregate roughness, and aggregate size on PCT, and a new normalization method was proposed for grey correlation analysis to determine the influence degree of the above factors on PCT. Finally, fitting models for predicting the PCT were established based on experimental data. The experimental results indicate that the influence of the water–cement ratio on PCT can be divided into two stages, whereby the PCT shows a slow decline and then a rapid decline with the increase in water–cement ratio; with the increase in superplasticizer dosage, the PCT represents an exponentially decreasing trend; the PCT increases with the aggregate size and aggregate roughness. Based on the grey correlation analysis, the superplasticizer dosage exerts the greatest influence on PCT, followed by the water–cement ratio, aggregate size, and aggregate roughness. The results of this study revealed the change law of PCT under the action of the above factors, which established the premise of controlling the strength and permeability of PC from the perspective of the PCT and provided a reference for the mixture proportion design.
Protean and Boundaryless Career Attitudes as Antecedents of Organizational Commitment—Evidence from the Indian IT Industry
Authors: Kumar Sunil , Bagherian Anthony , Lochab Anshu , Khan Adil
Published: January 2023

Protean and boundaryless careers have emerged as new ways of handling careers in organizations. This concept is gaining a significant place in career studies. In line with this, the current study examines the relationship between the underlying dimensions of protean (self-direction and value-driven), boundaryless (boundaryless mindset (BM)) and mobility preference (MP) career attitudes and organizational commitment (OC) (affective, normative and continuance). Organizational commitment is important for all kinds of organizations. For data collection, 600 IT professionals employed in different organizations in the Delhi-NCR region of India were approached. Descriptive statistics, correlation and structural equation modeling (SEM) were utilized to validate the research outcomes and test hypotheses. Prior literature studies focusing on the effects of protean and boundaryless career attitudes on organizational commitment have not been much explored. The current study suggests that mobility preference has a significant contribution towards individuals’ continued commitment to the employing organization. Other variables assert an insignificant relationship with organizational commitment. These results demonstrate how decision-makers and managers should proceed to design a blueprint for the education of employees in conjunction with the underlying dimensions of protean, boundaryless and mobility preferences, career attitudes and organizational commitment (OC).
Green Technology Innovation and Financial Services System: Evidence from China
Authors: Mansour Nadia
Published: January 2023

Green technology is the new trend for combining technology, innovation, and sustainability. However, China faces several problems in this regard, given the high cost of green products and services. To accelerate the establishment of green technology, it is necessary to solve the financial system problems faced by the various companies and to build a system that promotes green technology innovation. Based on an analysis of articles published in top international journals and official documents from 2016 to 2022 about the relationship between green technology and financial services in China, this paper tries to present specific policy recommendations to create a market that supports green technology in China. Our results show that the financial system must include, first of all, a model for financing and risk management at the level of the stock market, investment, insurance, and guarantees to face the reluctance of banks to lend. In addition, government incentives, including incubation, guarantees, interest rate subsidies, etc., mitigate the environmental externalities of green projects and limit the costs of financing green technology enterprises. Then, long-term funding needs to be provided to address the cost-effectiveness of selected green technology projects; and finally, the use of digital technology is required to improve green valuation capabilities and establish a set of environmental benefit definitions and valuation criteria that is suitable for green technology and green venture capital funds.
Management of Low Anterior Resection Syndrome (LARS) Following Resection for Rectal Cancer
Authors: Rosen Harald , Sebesta Christian G. , Sebesta Christian
Published: January 2023

Introduction: A total of 60–80% of patients undergoing rectal resection (mostly as a treatment for rectal cancer) suffer from a variety of partly severe functional problems despite preservation of the anal sphincter. These patients are summarized under the term low anterior resection syndrome (LARS). Preoperative radiotherapy, vascular dissection and surgical excision of the low rectum and mesorectum lead, alone or all together, to a significant impairment of colonic and (neo-) rectal motility. This results in a variety of symptoms (multiple defecation episodes, recurrent episodes of urge, clustering, incontinence, etc.) which are associated with severe impairment of quality of life (QOL). Methods: This narrative review summarizes the present state of knowledge regarding the pathophysiology of LARS as well as the evidence for the available treatment options to control the symptoms resulting from this condition. Results: A review of the literature (Medline, Pubmed) reveals a variety of treatment options available to control symptoms of LARS. Medical therapy, with or without dietary modification, shows only a modest effect. Pelvic floor rehabilitation consisting of muscle exercise techniques as well as biofeedback training has been associated with improvement in LARS scores and incontinence, albeit with limited scientific evidence. Transanal irrigation (TAI) has gained interest as a treatment modality for patients with LARS due to an increasing number of promising data from recently published studies. Despite this promising observation, open questions about still-unclear issues of TAI remain under debate. Neuromodulation has been applied in LARS only in a few studies with small numbers of patients and partly conflicting results. Conclusion: LARS is a frequent problem after sphincter-preserving rectal surgery and leads to a marked impairment of QOL. Due to the large number of patients suffering from this condition, mandatory identification, as well as treatment of affected patients, must be considered during surgical as well as oncological follow-up. The use of a standardized treatment algorithm will lead to sufficient control of symptoms and a high probability of a marked improvement in QOL.
Prevalence of Sarcopenia and Impact on Survival in Patients with Metastatic Gastroenteropancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumours
Authors: Clement Dominique S. V. M. , Leerdam Monique E. van , de Jong Soraya , Weickert Martin O. , Ramage John K. , Tesselaar Margot E. T. , Srirajaskanthan Rajaventhan
Published: January 2023

Sarcopenia in patients with cancer is associated with adverse outcomes such as shorter survival. However, there exists little evidence regarding the prevalence of sarcopenia in patients with metastatic gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumours (GEP-NETs). Patients with a histologically confirmed newly diagnosed metastatic GEP-NET between 2006 and 2018, CT scan, and anthropometric data at diagnosis were included in this study. CT scans were analysed for the presence of sarcopenia and correlated with overall survival (OS). In total, 183 patients, 87 male (48%), with a median age of 62 years (IQR 52–68 years), were included. In 44 patients (24%), there was a pancreas NET, and in 136 patients, there was a small bowel NET (74%). Sarcopenia was present in 128 patients (69%) and unrelated to BMI (median 25.1). There were significant survival differences between patients with pancreatic and small bowel NETs at 86 vs. 141 months, respectively (p = 0.04). For patients with pancreatic NETs, the presence of sarcopenia was independently associated with shorter OS (HR 3.79 95% CI 1.1–13.03, p-value 0.035). A high prevalence of sarcopenia at the time of diagnosis of a metastatic GEP-NET was seen and associated with worse OS in patients with pancreatic NETs. Further research should focus on how to reverse sarcopenia and its impact on OS and/or quality of life.
Nicotinaldehyde, a Novel Precursor of NAD Biosynthesis, Abrogates the Anti-Cancer Activity of an NAD-Lowering Agent in Leukemia
Authors: Matsumoto Saki , Biniecka Paulina , Bellotti Axel , Duchosal Michel A. , Nahimana Aimable
Published: January 2023

Targeting NAD depletion in cancer cells has emerged as an attractive therapeutic strategy for cancer treatment, based on the higher reliance of malignant vs. healthy cells on NAD to sustain their aberrant proliferation and altered metabolism. NAD depletion is exquisitely observed when NAMPT, a key enzyme for the biosynthesis of NAD, is inhibited. Growing evidence suggests that alternative NAD sources present in a tumor environment can bypass NAMPT and render its inhibition ineffective. Here, we report the identification of nicotinaldehyde as a novel precursor that can be used for NAD biosynthesis by human leukemia cells. Nicotinaldehyde supplementation replenishes the intracellular NAD level in leukemia cells treated with NAMPT inhibitor APO866 and prevents APO866-induced oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction and ATP depletion. We show here that NAD biosynthesis from nicotinaldehyde depends on NAPRT and occurs via the Preiss–Handler pathway. The availability of nicotinaldehyde in a tumor environment fully blunts the antitumor activity of APO866 in vitro and in vivo. This is the first study to report the role of nicotinaldehyde in the NAD-targeted anti-cancer treatment, highlighting the importance of the tumor metabolic environment in modulating the efficacy of NAD-lowering cancer therapy.
Rapid On-Site Microscopy and Mapping of Diagnostic Biopsies for See-And-Treat Guidance of Localized Prostate Cancer Therapy
Authors: Behr Madeline R. , Halat Shams K. , Sholl Andrew B. , Krane Louis Spencer , Brown Jonathan Quincy
Published: January 2023

Prostate cancer continues to be the most diagnosed non-skin malignancy in men. While up to one in eight men will be diagnosed in their lifetimes, most diagnoses are not fatal. Better lesion location accuracy combined with emerging localized treatment methods are increasingly being utilized as a treatment option to preserve healthy function in eligible patients. In locating lesions which are generally <2cc within a prostate (average size 45cc), small variance in MRI-determined boundaries, tumoral heterogeneity, patient characteristics including location of lesion and prostatic calcifications, and patient motion during the procedure can inhibit accurate sampling for diagnosis. The locations of biopsies are recorded and are then fully processed by histology and diagnosed via pathology, often days to weeks later. Utilization of real-time feedback could improve accuracy, potentially prevent repeat procedures, and allow patients to undergo treatment of clinically localized disease at earlier stages. Unfortunately, there is currently no reliable real-time feedback process for confirming diagnosis of biopsy samples. We examined the feasibility of implementing structured illumination microscopy (SIM) as a method for on-site diagnostic biopsy imaging to potentially combine the diagnostic and treatment appointments for prostate cancer patients, or to confirm tumoral margins for localized ablation procedures. We imaged biopsies from 39 patients undergoing image-guided diagnostic biopsy using a customized SIM system and a dual-color fluorescent hematoxylin & eosin (H&E) analog. The biopsy images had an average size of 342 megapixels (minimum 78.1, maximum 842) and an average imaging duration of 145 s (minimum 56, maximum 322). Comparison of urologist’s suspicion of malignancy based on MRI, to pathologist diagnosis of biopsy images obtained in real time, reveals that real-time biopsy imaging could significantly improve confirmation of malignancy or tumoral margins over medical imaging alone.
The Evolution of Ki-67 and Breast Carcinoma: Past Observations, Present Directions, and Future Considerations
Authors: Finkelman Brian S. , Zhang Huina , Hicks David G. , Turner Bradley M.
Published: January 2023

The 1983 discovery of a mouse monoclonal antibody—the Ki-67 antibody—that recognized a nuclear antigen present only in proliferating cells represented a seminal discovery for the pathologic assessment of cellular proliferation in breast cancer and other solid tumors. Cellular proliferation is a central determinant of prognosis and response to cytotoxic chemotherapy in patients with breast cancer, and since the discovery of the Ki-67 antibody, Ki-67 has evolved as an important biomarker with both prognostic and predictive potential in breast cancer. Although there is universal recognition among the international guideline recommendations of the value of Ki-67 in breast cancer, recommendations for the actual use of Ki-67 assays in the prognostic and predictive evaluation of breast cancer remain mixed, primarily due to the lack of assay standardization and inconsistent inter-observer and inter-laboratory reproducibility. The treatment of high-risk ER-positive/human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2) negative breast cancer with the recently FDA-approved drug abemaciclib relies on a quantitative assessment of Ki-67 expression in the treatment decision algorithm. This further reinforces the urgent need for standardization of Ki-67 antibody selection and staining interpretation, which will hopefully lead to multidisciplinary consensus on the use of Ki-67 as a prognostic and predictive marker in breast cancer. The goals of this review are to highlight the historical evolution of Ki-67 in breast cancer, summarize the present literature on Ki-67 in breast cancer, and discuss the evolving literature on the use of Ki-67 as a companion diagnostic biomarker in breast cancer, with consideration for the necessary changes required across pathology practices to help increase the reliability and widespread adoption of Ki-67 as a prognostic and predictive marker for breast cancer in clinical practice.
Metabolic Reprogramming in Colon Cancer Cells Persistently Infected with Newcastle Disease Virus
Authors: Yu Tong , Jadhav Archana Chandrabhan , Xu Jiabao , Harris Adrian L. , Nair Venugopal , Huang Wei E.
Published: January 2023

Newcastle disease virus (NDV) is an oncolytic agent against various types of mammalian cancers. As with all cancer therapies, the development of cancer resistance, both innate and acquired, is becoming a challenge. In this study, we investigated persistently NDV-infected Caco-2 colon cancer cells, designated as virus-resistant (VR) Caco-2 cells, which were then able to resist NDV-mediated oncolysis. We applied single-cell Raman spectroscopy, combined with deuterium isotope probing (Raman-DIP) techniques, to investigate the metabolic adaptations and dynamics in VR Caco-2 cells. A linear discriminant analysis (LDA) model demonstrated excellent performance in differentiating VR Caco-2 from Caco-2 cells at single-cell level. By comparing the metabolic profiles in a time-resolved manner, the de novo synthesis of proteins and lipids was found upregulated, along with decreased DNA synthesis in VR Caco-2. The results suggest that VR Caco-2 cells might reprogram their metabolism and divert energy from proliferation to protein synthesis and lipidic modulation. The ability to identify and characterise single resistant cells among a population of cancer cells would help develop a deeper understanding of the resistance mechanisms and better tactics for developing effective cancer treatment.