bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
First Report of Robbsia andropogonis Causing Bacterial Blight of Danae racemosa (Poet's Laurel) in a Virginia Ornamental Nursery
Authors: Bily Devin , Gyatso Tashi , Alcaine Sofia
Published: October 2024

Danae racemosa (L.) Moench (Asparagaceae, Monocots) is a shade-tolerant, evergreen shrub native to Persia. On 2 July 2024 in Hanover County, Virginia, 300 plants in 7.6-liter containers were observed with blotchy, rust-colored, water-soaked lesions on the cladophylls and stems. Heavy bacterial streaming was observed from the lesions under the microscope, and sterilized tissue was cultured on King's B medium at 22 ± 2°C. After 72 h, cream-colored colonies developed that were oxidase and gram negative and did not produce fluorescent pigments on King's B medium. PCR amplification and sequencing of the partial 16S rRNA, gyrB, and rpoD genes from strain GS24-DSB16 were deposited into the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) GenBank database (PQ181184, PQ182786, and PQ182787, respectively). Based on the morphological and molecular characteristics, the causal agent was identified as Robbsia andropogonis (Smith) Lopes-Santos et al. Koch's postulates were fulfilled by wounding 20 cladophylls from each plant with a sterile needle, and 10 μl of an aqueous bacterial suspension was pipetted onto each wound. R. andropogonis has a wide global distribution from a host range spanning >15 plant families, including maize, sorghum, sugarcane, citrus, coffee, carnation, and bougainvillea. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first report of the bacteria causing blight on D. racemosa and the first host in Asparagaceae.
Prophylactic role of pentoxifylline against paclitaxel-induced neuropathy among patients with breast cancer: a randomized-controlled trial
Authors: Kidwani Mariam A. , Osama Hasnaa , Hassan Ahmed , Abdelrahim Mohamed E.A.
Published: October 2024

Paclitaxel-induced peripheral neuropathy (PN) is a significant clinical concern for which no approved treatment is currently available. The purpose of this trial was to investigate the neuro-prophylactic impact of pentoxifylline against paclitaxel-induced PN in patients diagnosed with breast cancer (BC). BC patients who were assigned to paclitaxel chemotherapy were randomly allocated to pentoxifylline or a control group for 12 weeks. The main outcomes included the assessment of PN incidence according to the defined Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events, quality of life (QoL) using the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy/Gynecologic Oncology Group-Neurotoxicity (FACT/GOG-NTx) scale, and neuropathic pain using the scale of self-reported Leeds Assessment for Neuropathic Symptoms and Signs (s-LANSS). The code of the clinical trial registration is NCT06562998. The current study included a total of 72 patients allocated into pentoxifylline arm (n = 35) and placebo arm (n = 37). By the 12th week, the prevalence of PN (grade 2 or 3) was significantly lower in the pentoxifylline arm 10/35 (28.6%) compared to 24/37 (64.9%) of the controls (P value = 0.016). The total FACT/GOG-NTx score indicated a considerably worse QoL in the control group [98.18 (10.2) vs. 81.43 (14.8) for pentoxifylline and the control group, respectively, P < 0.001] with a mean difference of −16.75 [95% confidence interval (CI): −23.97 to −9.53]. S-LANSS scale showed significantly higher scores after 6 weeks [13.72 (5.86) vs. 17.52 (3.16), P = 0.002] and 12 weeks [17.84 (4.25) vs. 23.80 (1.00), P < 0.001] for pentoxifylline and control group, respectively. In conclusion, the use of pentoxifylline showed a significant reduction in paclitaxel-induced PN, which improved their QoL.
Reproductive life and differentiated thyroid carcinoma in women: reciprocal influences on their respective outcome
Authors: Costante Giuseppe , Kyrilli Aglaia , Poppe Kris
Published: October 2024

Purpose of review

To analyze the reciprocal influences between female reproductive life and DTC management.

Recent findings

Data on pregnancy outcome in DTC patients indicate that after conceiving, these women may need an increased L-T4 dose to maintain suppressed serum TSH levels. Nevertheless, this does not determine major harm in terms of pregnancy outcome. Analogously, the most recent findings obtained with the propensity score matching approach have confirmed that pregnancy does not significantly affect DTC clinical course and eventually tumor prognosis. A recent metanalysis and a large case–control study excluded a significant effect of radioactive iodine treatment (RAIT) on several reproductive variables in DTC patients, providing reassuring evidence that the current recommendations on RAIT for women of childbearing age are sufficiently well tolerated and do not affect fertility nor pregnancy rate. Nonetheless, it seems reasonable to recommend special attention for older than 35 years women requiring higher RAIT activities.

Overall, the most recent studies have provided sufficiently reassuring evidence that the occurrence of pregnancy and DTC management are of no reciprocal harm for adverse outcome in affected women of childbearing age. Thus, female DTC patients should be managed according to the individual response to treatment before pregnancy. When DTC diagnosis is made after conception, delaying surgery does not represent a harm in most patients.
Beyond Treatment
Authors: Borges Kalysta Resende , Almeida Giulia Manuella , Resende Almeida Bianca Victória , Borges Cairo , Negrão Macêdo Emanuel
Published: October 2024

Humanization in oncology patient care represents a significant innovation in health care practice, shifting the traditional focus solely on treating physical conditions to encompass the emotional and psychosocial dimensions of patient experience. This study aimed to explore the importance of humanization in oncology and the application of practices that promote a patient-centered approach. Through a narrative review of the past 2 decades, the objective was to analyze the practices, benefits, and challenges of humanization in the oncology context. The methodology involved reviewing the relevant literature on empathetic communication, psychological support, and the integration of these aspects into oncology care. The results indicated that humanization significantly contributes to improving patients’ quality of life, increasing treatment adherence, and fostering a more satisfying work environment for health care teams. However, effective implementation faces challenges, such as the need for ongoing training, resource limitations, and resistance to change. Despite these obstacles, humanization is essential to provide more comprehensive and patient-centered care. The adoption of humanized practices transforms the oncology care experience, making it more empathetic and holistic.
The Involvement of miR-221/222 in Vascular Pathophysiology: Implications for Stenting
Authors: Alam Jahngeer , Rahman Syed Ziaur , Alam Shafique , Hasan Asif , Haseen Mohd. Azam , Sarfraz Mohammad
Published: October 2024

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are pivotal regulatory molecules involved in numerous cellular processes, including apoptosis, differentiation, proliferation, and migration. Recent research highlights specific miRNAs, such as the miR-221/222 cluster, which modulate key signaling pathways related to vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation, inflammation, and endothelial function. This function of miR-221/222 is accompanied by influencing the expression of certain proteins implicated in VSMCs and endothelial cells regulatory processes. miRNAs have been increasingly recognized for their roles in cardiovascular diseases, particularly in the mechanisms underlying in-stent restenosis and stent thrombosis. Elevated levels of miR-221/222 have been reported to be associated with severe adverse events following stenting and affect VSMC behavior and inflammatory responses. This image makes them promising candidates for new therapeutic strategies to address the most complex inferences of stenting, in-stent restenosis/stent thrombosis. Therefore, a discussion over the involvement of miR-221/222 in vascular pathophysiology could lead to finding possible signaling pathways and better stent designing for improving outcomes in patients undergoing stenting. Emerging therapeutic approaches, such as anti-miR oligonucleotides, offer the potential for translating these findings into clinical practice. This review article systematically investigates the biogenesis and functions of the miR-221/222 cluster along with its contributions to angiogenesis, vascular calcification, and neointimal formation. It aims to provide readers and researchers with insights into the signaling pathways that underpin vascular pathology linked to the miR-221 and miR-222 involvement.
EUS–derived maximum tumor thickness and tumor shrinkage rate as independent prognostic factors in locally advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy
Authors: Chen Xue , Chen Xi , Bao Yu , Zhang Wei , Jiang Li , Zhu Jie , Wang Yi , Wu Lei , Wan Gang , Peng Lin , Han Yongtao , Leng Xuefeng , Wang Qifeng , Zhao Rui
Published: October 2024

Background and Objectives

EUS–derived maximum tumor thickness (MTT) pre- and post-neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (NCRT) for locally advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (LA-ESCC) indicates treatment response. However, the accuracy of predicting long-term survival remains uncertain. This study aimed to investigate the association between EUS-derived MTT pre- and post-NCRT and tumor shrinkage rate as well as long-term survival in patients with LA-ESCC receiving NCRT.

Methods

We retrospectively enrolled patients with LA-ESCC who underwent EUS examination from 2017 to 2021. Tumor shrinkage rate was the ratio of the difference between pre- and post-MTT to pre-MTT. The most fitted cutoff values were determined by the receiver operating characteristic curve. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses and Kaplan-Meier curves were used to calculate overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival. Data from another center were also used for external validation testing.

Results

Two hundred thirty patients were enrolled. Of the patients, 178 completed the first EUS pre-NCRT and obtained pre-MTT, 200 completed the reexamined EUS post-NCRT and obtained post-MTT, and 148 completed both EUS and achieved tumor shrinkage. For all the patients, the 1- and 3-year OS rates were 93.9% and 67.9%, and progression-free survival rates were 77.7% and 54.1%, respectively. The median follow-up period was 30.6 months. Thinner post-MTT (≤8.8 mm) and EUS responder (tumor shrinkage rate ≥52%) were independently associated with better OS.

Conclusions

EUS–derived MTT and tumor shrinkage post-NCRT are independent prognostic factors for long-term survival and may be an alternative method for evaluating tumor response in patients with LA-ESCC after NCRT.
Contraceptive Use and Its Associations With Social Determinants of Health Among Young Adults
Authors: Bhochhibhoya Shristi , Maness Sarah B. , Allen Julie Ober , Cheney Marshall K. , Peck B. Mitchell , Lu Yu
Published: October 2024

Background:

Nonuse and inconsistent use of contraception in young adults can result in undesired pregnancies. Prior research on contraceptive use has primarily focused on individual influences such as attitudes, beliefs, and skills related to contraceptive use, with little consideration of the social and economic determinants.

Objective:

This study explored domains from the Healthy People 2030 Social Determinants of Health (SDH) framework and examined their cross-sectional associations with young adults’ self-reported contraceptive use (ie, any use in the past year and consistent use of contraception).

Methods:

Eleven measures related to 5 SDH domains were extracted from the Add Health dataset collected from 2001 to 2002 (Wave III). The final sample included 11,172 youth with a mean age of 21.88 years (SD: 1.84) and was 53.8% female.

Results:

Measures associated with the past year’s use of contraceptives included non-poverty status, employment, housing instability, high school graduation, enrollment in higher education, English language spoken at home, experience of civic participation, and access to primary care. For consistent use of contraception, associated measures were participants’ non-poverty status, employment, high school graduation, enrollment in higher education, English language spoken at home, experience of civic participation, incarceration, and access to health care.

Conclusions:

Interventions that address social determinants of health can potentially promote contraceptive use.
Chinese Clinical Practice Guidelines for The Prevention and Treatment of Mother-to-child Transmission of Hepatitis B Virus (Version 2024)
Authors: Liu Jinfeng , Zeng Qinglei , Ji Fanpu , Ren Hong , Zhang Wenhong , Li Lanjuan , Zhao Yingren ,   Infectious Diseases Physicians Branch, Chinese Medical Doctor Association; Chinese Society of Infectious Diseases, Chinese Medical Association
Published: October 2024

The Chinese Clinical Practice Guidelines for the prevention and treatment of mother-to-child transmission of hepatitis B virus, developed by the Chinese Society of Infectious Diseases of the Chinese Medical Association in 2019, serves as a valuable reference for standardizing the process of preventing mother-to-child transmission in China. As new evidence emerges, it is crucial that timely and regular updates are made to the clinical practice guidelines so as to optimize guidance for clinical practice and research. To this end, the Infectious Disease Physician Branch of Chinese Medical Doctor Association and the Chinese Society of Infectious Diseases of Chinese Medical Association, in collaboration with multidisciplinary experts, have updated the guidelines based on the latest domestic and international research advancements and clinical practice, in order to provide guidance and reference for clinicians and maternal and child healthcare workers.

Guideline registration:

International Practice Guidelines Registry Platform (PREPARE-2023CN171).
The Effect of Grasp Reflex Stimulation on Pain During Vaccine Administration
Authors: Koç Elif Simay , Kadiroğlu Türkan
Published: October 2024

Background:

The administration of vaccination, being an invasive procedure, can induce considerable pain in preterm infants.

Objective:

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of grasp reflex stimulation on pain and crying time during hepatitis B vaccine administration in infants.

Methods:

This parallel randomized controlled trial was conducted between November 1, 2022, and April 1, 2023, at the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of a public hospital in Turkey. The study included preterm infants whose parents provided both verbal and written consent. The control group (n = 31) underwent a routine vaccination procedure, while the experimental group (n = 28) underwent grasp reflex stimulation in addition to the routine vaccination procedure. Data were collected through the infant information form, stopwatch, and Premature Infant Pain Profile Scale-Revised (PIPP-R) form.

Results:

The mean PIPP-R score during the procedure was 11.67 ± 2.05 in the experimental group and 15.51 ± 1.36 in the control group (P ≤ .001). After the procedure, the mean PIPP-R score was 10.89 ± 2.06 in the experimental group and 14.67 ± 1.55 in the control group (P ≤ .001). The mean duration of crying was 19.57 ± 6.17 in the experimental group and 27.12 ± 6.19 in the control group (P ≤ .001). The mean PIPP-R and crying time of the control group were higher.

Conclusion:

Grasp reflex stimulation applied to preterm infants during vaccine administration decreased pain and crying time during and after the procedure. Grasp reflex stimulation can be applied as a care approach for procedures that may cause pain in infants and may help calm infants as part of pain management in nursing.

Implications for practice and research:

The results of this study provide new information to the literature regarding the impact of grasp reflex stimulation on pain and the duration of crying induced by the hepatitis B vaccine in preterm infants. To our knowledge, this is the first study to confirm the effectiveness and feasibility of grasping reflex stimulation in hepatitis B vaccine administration in preterm infants. This study may contribute to future evidence-based studies. Grasping reflex stimulation can be tried as a parent-provided intervention in younger or older infants or in those who are critically ill.
Hospital-Level Variation in COVID-19 Treatment Among Hospitalized Adults in the United States
Authors: Alexander G. Caleb , Garibaldi Brian T. , An Huijun , Andersen Kathleen M. , Robinson Matthew L. , Wang Kunbo , Xu Yanxun , Betz Joshua F. , Wu Albert W. , Fisher Arielle , Egloff Shanna A. , Sands Kenneth E. , Mehta Hemalkumar B.
Published: October 2024

Study Design:

Retrospective cohort study.

Objective:

To characterize variation in dexamethasone and remdesivir use over time among hospitals.

Background:

Little is known about hospital-level variation in COVID-19 drug treatments in a large and diverse network in the United States.

Methods:

We selected individuals hospitalized with COVID-19 across 163 hospitals between February 23, 2020 and October 31, 2021 from using the HCA CHARGE, an electronic health record repository from a network of community health care facilities in the United States. We quantified receipt of dexamethasone, remdesivir, and combined use of dexamethasone and remdesivir during the hospital stay. We used 2-level logistic regression models to determine the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) at the hospital level, adjusting for patient and hospital characteristics. The ICC shows the proportion of total variation in drug use accounted for by hospitals.

Results:

Among 161,667 individuals hospitalized with COVID-19, 73.0% were treated with dexamethasone, 49.1% with remdesivir, and 45.0% with both dexamethasone and remdesivir. The proportion of variation in dexamethasone use was 12.7% (adjusted ICC: 0.127), 8.5% for remdesivir, and 11.3% for combined drug use, indicating low interhospital variation. In the fully adjusted models, between-facility variation in dexamethasone use declined from 34.1% in February–March 2020 to 11.3% in January–March 2021 and then increased to 17.3% in July–October 2021. The variation in remdesivir use remained relatively stable during the study period.

Conclusions:

During the first 2 years of the pandemic, there was relatively consistent use of dexamethasone and remdesivir across the hospitals examined. Consistent adoption and implementation of treatment guidelines across the hospitals examined may have led to a decrease in variation in drug usage over time.
From inflammation to invasion: Neutrophils in cervical cancer pathogenesis
Authors: Obeagu Emmanuel Ifeanyi
Published: October 2024

Cervical cancer, predominantly caused by high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) infections, continues to be a major health challenge globally. Recent research has highlighted the significant role of neutrophils, a type of white blood cell integral to the immune system, in the pathogenesis of cervical cancer. This review examines the dualistic role of neutrophils in cervical cancer, emphasizing their contribution to both inflammation and tumor progression. Understanding the intricate relationship between neutrophils and cervical cancer could unveil new therapeutic targets for better disease management. Neutrophils are key mediators of the immune response and inflammation. In the context of cervical cancer, these cells are recruited to the tumor microenvironment where they can adopt tumor-promoting phenotypes. Tumor-associated neutrophils (TANs) facilitate various processes that aid tumor growth and metastasis, such as producing reactive oxygen species (ROS) and proteases that induce DNA damage, releasing cytokines and chemokines that promote angiogenesis, and forming neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) that enhance metastatic potential. Furthermore, TANs contribute to immune suppression by inhibiting the activity of cytotoxic T lymphocytes and natural killer cells, allowing cancer cells to evade immune surveillance. Given their pivotal role in cervical cancer progression, neutrophils represent a promising target for novel therapeutic strategies. Approaches such as inhibiting neutrophil recruitment to the tumor site, blocking NET formation, and modulating TAN phenotypes from pro-tumor to anti-tumor are being explored. These strategies aim to disrupt the supportive role of neutrophils in tumor development and progression, potentially leading to improved outcomes for patients with cervical cancer.
Onboarding Foreign-Educated Nurses
Authors: Steakin Laura
Published: October 2024

For foreign-educated nurses (FEN) to effectively adapt to the complex healthcare system that exists in the United States, they need effective onboarding and integration into the workforce and community. A positive transition to practice promotes loyalty, confidence in clinical competence, and professional development. Using best practice guidelines in the literature, nurse educators can develop, implement, and evaluate transition programs for FEN practicing in the United States.
Metabolic Pathways Associated With Obesity and Hypertension in Black Caregivers of Persons Living With Dementia
Authors: Brewster Glenna S. , Houser Madelyn C. , Yang Irene , Pelkmans Jordan , Higgins Melinda , Tower-Gilchrist Cristy , Wells Jessica , Quyyumi Arshed A. , Jones Dean , B. Dunbar Sandra , Carlson Nicole
Published: October 2024

Background

In the United States, Black adults have the highest prevalence of obesity and hypertension, increasing their risk of morbidity and mortality. Caregivers of persons with dementia are also at increased risk of morbidity and mortality due to the demands of providing care. Thus, Black caregivers—who are the second largest group of caregivers of persons with dementia in the United States—have the highest risks for poor health outcomes among all caregivers. However, the physiological changes associated with multiple chronic conditions in Black caregivers are poorly understood.

Objectives

In this study, metabolomics were compared to the metabolic profiles of Black caregivers with obesity, with or without hypertension. Our goal was to identify metabolites and metabolic pathways that could be targeted to reduce obesity and hypertension rates in this group.

Methods

High-resolution, untargeted metabolomic assays were performed on plasma samples from 26 self-identified Black caregivers with obesity, 18 of whom had hypertension. Logistic regression and pathway analyses were employed to identify metabolites and metabolic pathways differentiating caregivers with obesity only and caregivers with both obesity and hypertension.

Results

Key metabolic pathways discriminating caregivers with obesity only and caregivers with obesity and hypertension were butanoate and glutamate metabolism, fatty acid activation/biosynthesis, and the carnitine shuttle pathway. Metabolites related to glutamate metabolism in the butanoate metabolism pathway were more abundant in caregivers with hypertension, while metabolites identified as butyric acid/butanoate and R-(3)-hydroxybutanoate were less abundant. Caregivers with hypertension also had lower levels of several unsaturated fatty acids.

Discussion

In Black caregivers with obesity, multiple metabolic features and pathways differentiated among caregivers with and without hypertension. If confirmed in future studies, these findings would support ongoing clinical monitoring and culturally tailored interventions focused on nutrition (particularly polyunsaturated fats and animal protein), exercise, and stress management to reduce the risk of hypertension in Black caregivers with obesity.
Prophylactic Local Antibiotics for Tissue Expansion (PLATE) Improve Breast Reconstruction Outcomes
Authors: Clark Robert Craig , Cevallos Priscila , Dadpey Benyamin , Yessaillian Andrea , Turner Elizabeth , Kang Augustine , Thornton Brian , Nazerali Rahim , Reid Chris M.
Published: October 2024

Introduction:

Infection following tissue expander (TE) breast reconstruction is frequent and impactful. Preliminary reports demonstrate value of local antibiotic delivery for implant salvage and prophylactic potential. Herein is a multi-institutional retrospective study employing surgeon-crafted tobramycin-vancomycin PMMA plates (PLATE) during TE implantation for infection prophylaxis. The authors hypothesized the intervention would be associated with fewer infections compared to historical practice.

Methods:

In 2021, surgeons at three institutions began independently offering PLATE for primary TE breast reconstructions. After independent IRB approvals, data were retrospectively collected for PLATE subjects and pre-intervention cohorts of equivalent sizes. Subjects were followed for seven months, or to second stage removal. The primary outcome, complication requiring readmission/reoperation, was compared between aggregated cohorts. Analysis included logistic modeling and Kaplan-Meyer survival.

Results:

The aggregate sample included 183 intervention subjects (292 breasts) and 183 controls (301 breasts), each with 5+/-2-month follow-up. Overall, complications were significantly less frequent with PLATE (13.1% vs 21.9%, p<0.01*). This was driven by significantly fewer infections (4.8% vs 12.6%, p<0.01*) with no difference in rates of tissue necrosis, seroma, or other complications (p>0.05). In multivariable regression, the intervention was associated with significantly reduced odds of any complication (OR=0.53, 95%CI: [0.3-0.93]) and infection (OR=0.22, 95%CI: [0.08-0.50]). Kaplan-Meyer curves demonstrated significant longitudinal reduction in complication and infection (p<0.01*) without notable rebound throughout dissipation of the antibiotic eluent.

Conclusion:

Prophylactic employment of intraoperatively-crafted PLATE during TE implantation was associated with significant infection reduction without increase in local or systemic complications. This reproducible tool may be highly valuable in alloplastic breast reconstruction.
Current Situation of Non-cleft Craniofacial Anomalies in Thailand: A Multicenter Study
Authors: Rojvachiranonda Nond , Chaithat Bussara , Sawasdipanich Nantaga , Dangsomboon Artiteeya , Khwanngern Krit , Sitthikamtiub Watcharaporn , Kammabut Kamolchanok , Punyavong Pattama , Pradabwong Suteera , Chichareon Vichai , Chansanti Orawan , Tawaranurak Niti
Published: October 2024

Non-cleft craniofacial anomalies significantly impact patients’ lives and health care systems. This study addresses the gap in the literature concerning these anomalies. Conducted at 4 major hospitals across Thailand, the research aims to provide an overview and understand the experiences of caregivers. The authors conducted a cross-sectional descriptive study in a 3-year period involving 224 primary caregivers of young patients with non-cleft craniofacial anomalies (demographics, medical history, psychosocial aspects). The authors found the highest prevalence of anomalies in the Northern (26.8%) region and the lowest in the Western (3.1%) region. Craniosynostosis and clefts were the predominant anomalies (67.0%), with a surprising lack of family history (7%). Diagnoses were frequently established at regional hospitals (42.0%). Notably, the average outpatient visit was 18.22. A substantial portion of patients required multiple hospital stays: 65.6% with 1 to 5 stays and 9.8% with more than 5 stays. Despite frequent visits, 29% had not received necessary surgery. Of caregivers, 78% had a family income in the middle range (5000–50,000 Thai baht/mo), yet a significant proportion (59.4%) perceived their income as adequate. Their education was bachelor's and higher in only 27.2%. Although stress was common (62.1%), most caregivers (79.0%) did not consider it a burden. The study highlights the challenges faced by both patients and caregivers. It reveals a need for improved access to specialized care, more specialists, dedicated centers, and support networks. A more robust classification system is also essential. To optimize care, a comprehensive and region-specific health care approach is crucial.
Impact of climate change, biodiversity loss, and pollution on the incidence and manifestation of depressive and anxiety disorders
Authors: Karl Sebastian , Brandt Lasse , Luykx Jurjen J. , Dom Geert
Published: October 2024

Purpose of review

Climate change, biodiversity loss, and pollution present a major threat to health. Although emphasis has been put on physical health impacts, evidence on the mental health consequences is now also accumulating quickly. Given the rapid developments in the field, this article provides an expert opinion on the emerging research.

Recent findings

Umbrella reviews are adding more high-level evidence on the associations of environmental crises and mental health. Individual studies are focusing on specific aspects of environmental crises and mental health, shedding light on potential direct links between climate change and mental health. Further studies are aiming to quantify individual burden and societal cost of the environmental crises and mental health nexus and to identify those most at risk for negative mental health outcomes. Many studies focus on eco-emotions, attempting to characterize them further, provide tools for quantification, and to determine their effect on functioning.

Although the accumulating research on the impacts of environmental change on depression and anxiety is filling important knowledge gaps, important questions remain for example, concerning the risk factors for the development of mental health disorders caused by ecological crises, tailored preventive strategies, and concerning the effects of biodiversity loss on mental health. Health systems need to further develop responses to these environmental crises.
The complete genome sequence of five pre-2013 Escherichia coli sequence type (ST)1193 strains reveals insights into an emerging pathogen
Authors: White Rhys T. , Ashcroft Melinda M. , Bauer Michelle J. , Bell Jan , Butkiewicz Dominika , Álvarez-Fraga Laura , Gibson Justine S. , Kidsley Amanda K. , Mollinger Joanne L. , Peters Kate M. , Phan Minh-Duy , Roberts Leah W. , Rogers Benjamin A. , Schembri Mark A. , Trott Darren J. , Turnidge John , Forde Brian M. , Beatson Scott A.
Published: October 2024

Fluoroquinolone-resistant Escherichia coli sequence type (ST)1193 is a profound, emerging lineage associated with systemic, urinary tract and neonatal infections. Humans, companion animals and the environment are reservoirs for ST1193, which has been disseminated globally. Following its detection in 2007, ST1193 has been identified repeatedly amongst fluoroquinolone-resistant clones in Australia. However, despite the growing importance of ST1193, only three complete genomes are published in the literature, none of which are from Australia. Here we expand on the available ST1193 resources with the complete genomes of five ST1193 strains sequenced using Oxford Nanopore Technologies and Illumina. Using in silico genotyping, we found that all strains were multi-drug resistant, including resistances to fluoroquinolones and cephalosporins. In vitro antibiotic susceptibility testing mostly correlated with individual genotypes. The exception was MS8320, which had additional in vitro resistance to piperacillin/tazobactam, ampicillin/sulbactam, cefazolin and doripenem (carbapenem). Further investigation identified seven additional copies of an IS26 transposable unit carrying a bla
TEM-1B beta-lactamase gene, suggesting this tandem amplification is associated with extended resistance phenotypes. Uropathogenicity factors, including three separate siderophore-encoding loci, were conserved in chromosomal and plasmid regions. Using all complete genomes, we further elucidated the recombination events surrounding the previously described K5/K1 capsular locus switch. Phenotypic confirmation of differing capsules in Australian ST1193 strains, coupled with genetic analysis revealing insertions downstream of the capsular locus, underscored the genetic distinctions between K5 and K1 capsule encoding strains. This study provides five new reference ST1193 genomes from Australia. These include the earliest complete K5-capsule ST1193 genomes on record (collected 2007), alongside our reference genome (MS10858), a clinical isolate obtained early during the ST1193 expansion and representative of the predominant K1-associated clade. These findings lay the foundations for further genomic and molecular analyses that may help understand the underlying reasons for the rapid global expansion of ST1193.
Leuconostoc koreense sp. nov., isolated from kimchi, a fermented vegetable
Authors: Lee Min Ji , Yun Jeong Ui , Nam Sohee , Jung Mi-Ja , Kim Yeon Bee , Kim Yujin , Lee Jisu , Choi Dae Gyu , Lee Dae Seung , Roh Seong Woon , Whon Tae Woong , Jeon Che Ok , Lee Se Hee
Published: October 2024

The novel strain CBA3628T was isolated from kimchi, a Korean fermented vegetable. CBA3628T is a cocci-shaped, Gram-stain-positive, catalase- and oxidase-negative and facultatively anaerobic bacterium. The results of phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing indicated that CBA3628T represented a member of the genus Leuconostoc of the family Leuconostocaceae. CBA3628T has a circular chromosomal genome and three plasmids of 1 864 558 bp (37% DNA G+C content), containing 1,887 genes, 1,762 predicted protein-coding genes, 4 complete rRNA loci and 70 tRNA genes. The cells were non-haemolytic, non-motile and non-spore forming. The optimal growth of CBA3628T occurred at 30 °C, pH 6.0 and with 0–2% (w/v) NaCl. The major polar lipids of CBA3628T were diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylglycerol. The major fatty acids (>10%) of CBA3628T were C16  :  0, C20  :  0 and C19 : 0 cyclo ω8c. CBA3628T contained A3α-type peptidoglycans. CBA3628T was most closely related to Leuconostoc mesenteroides subsp. mesenteroides ATCC 8293T, L. mesenteroides subsp. dextranicum DSM 20484T and L. suionicum DSM 20241T with 99.52% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity. However, the average nucleotide identities of 91.9%, 91.7% and 91.1% and the digital DNA–DNA hybridisation values of 45.6%, 45.4% and 45.4% indicated that the novel isolate represented a distinct species. Phylogenetic analyses of both the 16S rRNA gene and genome sequences revealed that CBA3628T formed a distinct phylogenetic lineage within the genus Leuconostoc and was most closely related to Leuconostoc litchii MB7T. The ANI and dDDH values between CBA3628T and L. litchii MB7T were 84.9 and 22.8%, respectively. Functional genes belonging to COG categories E, J and K were enriched in the genome of CBA3628T (>7.9%). On the basis of its physiological, chemotaxonomic, phylogenetic and genomic properties, strain CBA3628T represents a novel species from the genus Leuconostoc, for which we propose the name Leuconostoc koreense sp. nov., with the type strain CBA3628T (= KACC 23049T = DSM 116836T).
Measles Virus Genotype A in Canada’s Capital Region Wastewater Associated with Public Health Vaccination Initiatives
Authors: Tomalty Emma , Mercier Élisabeth , Pisharody Lakshmi , Nguyen Tram , Tian Xin , Kabir Md Pervez , Wong Chandler , Addo Felix , Hegazy Nada , Renouf Elizabeth , Wan Shen , Delatolla Robert
Published: October 2024

The recent global resurgence of measles in 2023-2024, despite its preventability through vaccination, is a significant public health concern largely driven by decreased vaccination coverage during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. To address this resurgence and to restore vaccine coverage disrupted by the pandemic, Ottawa Public Health intensified vaccination efforts in 2023 and 2024. Additionally, a research initiative began in April 2024 to monitor Ottawa wastewater for measles virus (MeV) using established wastewater and environmental surveillance (WES) protocols. Given the absence of active measles cases in the Ottawa region, unexpected positive MeV detections through RT-qPCR prompted genotypic analysis as well as retrospective analysis of archived RNA samples dating back to 2020. The genotypic analysis identified positive detection to belong to genotype A, the progenitor strain of the viral vaccines, marking the first report of MeV RNA and MeV vaccine shedding in North American wastewater. Positive detections in both real-time and retrospectively analysed samples coincided with the increased vaccination efforts by Ottawa Public Health. These finding emphasize the importance of integrating genotypic analysis into WES practices to mitigate possible confounding factors, such as vaccine shedding into wastewater. Additionally, this research highlights the potential application of MeV WES for monitoring community immunization efforts in real time. Implementing the findings of this study for MeV WES, as well as for other re-emerging viruses, will enhance the accuracy of public health response and optimize resource allocation.
Innovative Strategies for Enhancing Signal-to-Noise Ratio in Single-molecule Imaging: The Influence of Molecular Motion
Authors: Bu Gayun , Kang Gyeongho , Park Seongyu , Jeon Jae-Hyung , Lee Jong-Bong
Published: October 2024

Single-molecule fluorescence imaging has extensively revealed the dynamic and structural characteristics of biomolecules. However, its application is limited by the upper concentration of fluorophore-tagged biomolecules, which is in the sub-ten nanomolar range. We found that the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) in single-molecule fluorescence imaging is strongly influenced by the size of fluorophore-labeled molecules in solution. Our computational simulations suggest that the faster diffusion of background fluorophores can enhance the SNR of target molecules. Moreover, we identified that the molecular motion through fluid flow can improve SNR. This study provides a novel perspective by emphasizing the importance of molecular motion in SNR and propose a rapid barrier-free method to increase the upper concentration limit in single-molecule imaging.
Chromosome-scale reference genome ofPectocarya recurvata, a species with one of the smallest genome sizes in Boraginaceae
Authors: Northing Poppy C. , Pelosi Jessie A. , Venable D. Lawrence , Dlugosch Katrina M.
Published: October 2024

Premise

Pectocarya recurvata(Boraginaceae), a native species of the Sonoran Desert, has served as an important model system for a suite of ecological and evolutionary studies. Despite its relevance as an eco-evolutionary model, no reference genome assemblies in the Cynoglossoideae subfamily have been published.

Methods

Using PacBio HiFi sequencing, we assembled a reference genome forP. recurvataand annotated coding regions with full-length transcripts from an Iso-Seq transcriptome library. We assessed genome completeness with BUSCO and used flow cytometry and K-mer analysis to estimate the genome size ofP. recurvata.

Results

The chromosome-scale reference genome assembly forP. recurvatawas 216.0 Mbp long with a contig N50 of 12.1 Mbp. Our assembly included 12 primary contigs bounded by telomeres at all ends but one, consistent with the 12 chromosomes documented for the species. The chromosomes covered 158.3 Mbp and contained 30,655 predicted genes. Our measured haploid genome size from the same population was 386.5 Mbp, among the smallest for Boraginaceae. Genomic analyses suggested that this may reflect a recent autotetraploid, such that predicted diploid genome size would be even smaller and similar to the assembly size.

Discussion

TheP. recurvataassembly and annotation provide a high-quality genomic resource in a sparsely represented area of the Angiosperm phylogeny. Our new genome will enable future ecophysiology, biogeography, and phylogenetics research.
Discovery of Natural MCL1 Inhibitors using Pharmacophore modelling, QSAR, Docking, ADMET, Molecular Dynamics, and DFT Analysis
Authors: Das Uddalak , Chanda Tathagata , Kumar Jitendra , Peter Anitha
Published: October 2024

Mcl-1, a Bcl-2 family protein, is a key regulator of apoptosis and is often overexpressed in cancers such as lung, breast, pancreatic, cervical, ovarian cancers, leukemia, and lymphoma. Its role in inhibiting apoptosis enables tumor cells to evade cell death and contributes to drug resistance. Targeting Mcl-1 is crucial in inducing apoptosis and overcoming resistance to therapies that target other anti-apoptotic proteins, making it a prominent target for anticancer drug development across multiple malignancies. So, our study aimed to discover potent antileukemic compounds targeting MCL1. We began by selecting a diverse set of molecules from the BindingDB database to construct a structure-based pharmacophore model, which was subsequently used to virtually screen a library of 407,270 compounds from the COCONUT database. Subsequently, we developed an e-pharmacophore model using the co- crystallized inhibitor AMG-176, for further screening. A QSAR model was then implemented to estimate the IC50values of these compounds, filtering those with predicted IC50values below the median. The top hits were subjected to molecular docking and MMGBSA binding energy calculations against MCL1, leading to the selection of two promising candidates for further ADMET analysis. To assess their electronic properties, density functional theory (DFT) calculations were conducted, which included geometry optimization, frontier molecular orbital (FMO) analysis, HOMO-LUMO gaps, and global reactivity descriptors. These analyses confirmed favourable profiles and reactivity for the chosen compounds. In addition, predictions for physicochemical and ADMET properties aligned well with the expected bioactivity and safety profiles of the candidates. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations further validated their strong binding affinity and stability, positioning them as potential MCL1 inhibitors. Our comprehensive computational approach highlights these compounds as promising and safe antileukemic agents, with futurein vivoandin vitrovalidation recommended for further confirmation.
Understanding repair and replacement of prosthetic limbs using routinely-collected data: a retrospective study over three decades in Cambodia
Authors: Dickinson A S , Gates L , Metcalf C D , Owen C , Kheng S , Heang T , Sam B , Harte C , Simpson S , Worsley P R , Ostler C , Donovan-Hall M , Channon A A
Published: October 2024

Prosthetic limbs deliver major quality of life and socioeconomic benefits for people with amputation, particularly in low-resource settings. The value of administrative data analysis to enable sustainable health care improvement is established, but there has been limited research into the failure, repair, and replacement of prosthetic limbs. Survivorship data is sparse and highly variable, and rarely addresses differences between demographic groups.

Therefore, we investigated the distribution of time between device delivery, repair and replacement for a Cambodian cohort, considering the influence of a range of service delivery, user demographic and health characteristics. We conducted Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, and a Cox model to compare repair and replacement likelihood between groups.

The study explored 14,822 device deliveries to 6,986 clients, with median 3 devices/person (interdecile range IDR 1–9), and 22,205 repairs, median 1 repair/device (IDR 0–4). The median device survival before repair was 237 days (IDR 38–854), and replacement was 727 days (IDR 208–2154). Devices used by people in more active occupations were repaired earlier, and devices were replaced earlier when used by children, replaced later for upper- than lower-limb devices, and replaced earlier for volume change than for wear and tear. Several less intuitive trends were revealed such as different preferences or capacities between clinics for device repair vs. replacement, and earlier device repair and replacement for women than men.

Prosthetic limb repair and replacement is influenced both by the device’s durability and the user’s access to well-resourced physical rehabilitation services. A worn-out device may indicate poor quality, or the opposite: that it fitted well and enabled great mobility. However, such analysis may enable us to identify groups who are less well-served by current devices or rehabilitation models, and contribute to cost effectiveness analysis of current services. Furthermore, the findings represent benchmark data against which engineers could measure new technologies, to ensure that innovation justifies its inherent risk by offering a genuine improvement which balances functionality, cost, and durability.
Domestic abuse, primary care and child mental health services: A systems analysis of service coordination from professionals’ perspectives
Authors: Powell Claire , Adisa Olumide , Herlitz Lauren , Bains Shivi , Eyrúnardóttir Clark Sigrún , Deighton Jessica , Syed Shabeer , Gilbert Ruth , Feder Gene , Howarth Emma
Published: October 2024

Objective

We explored how services work together to support parents and children experiencing both parental intimate partner violence (IPV) and parental or child mental health problems by drawing on the perspectives of professionals working in primary care, children and young people’s mental health services (CYPMHS), and domestic abuse services.

Methods

We conducted a qualitative study, interviewing 38 professionals in three geographically contrasting local authority areas in England. We carried out framework analysis using a systems approach and mapping techniques to understand the service interrelationships and boundary judgements of professionals.

Results

The relationships between domestic abuse services, CYPMHS, and primary care were complex, involving funders and commissioners, local authority strategic groups, and wider services such as schools and children’s centres. Participants consistently identified a gap in the relationship between statutory CYPMHS and domestic abuse services. Other service gaps were for children living with ongoing or intermittent IPV and for children and parents with needs falling below or between service thresholds. There was a gap in support services for users of abusive behaviour to prevent future IPV. An overview of staff perspectives revealed differing views on treating the effects of trauma, and the co-ordination and sequencing of care.

Conclusion

Improving the response to children and adults experiencing mental health problems in the wake of IPV requires a systems perspective to understand the barriers to service co-ordination. Our findings indicate a particular need to address the gap between CYPMHS and domestic abuse services. Current ways of working with adults could be adapted for children, in addition to learning from examples of best practice in the study sites.