bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Integrated Macro-Micro-Symbolic Approach in Teaching Secondary Chemistry
Authors: Sanchez Joje Mar P.
Published: March 2018

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effectiveness of the Integrated Macro-Micro-Symbolic Approach (IMMSA) in teaching Chemistry to 10th graders of a secondary school in Cebu City, Philippines. A pre-post quasi-experimental design with control group was utilized to two groups of students, of which one was exposed to IMMSA and the other to conventional lecture method (CLM). Topics included in the experimentation proper were the five postulates of the Kinetic Molecular Theory of gases. Data gathered from the pre- and post-test tools were analyzed using t-tests, with a level of significance, α=0.01. Study findings revealed that both groups had Below Average performance levels in the pre- and post-test, where the lack of time and spiral progression were seen as reasons for the performances. The study also found out that both groups had significantly increased their performances from the pre- to the post-tests, implying the essence of both lectures and integrated use of modes. Ultimately, the study revealed that IMMSA is more effective than CLM as seen in the students’ enhanced performance, signifying the effective nature of the integration of macroscopic, microscopic and symbolic modes in teaching Chemistry concepts. With this, the Three-tiered model of learning and Chemistry triangle are still valued in the 21st century learning environment.
Development and Evaluation of Context-Based Laboratory Activities in Chemistry Using Low-cost Kits for Junior Public High School
Authors: Sagcal Richard R. , Valera Nestor S. , Maquiling Joel T.
Published: March 2018

The main purpose of this study is to develop and validate context-based laboratory activities and low-cost kits for chemistry to improve the practical and laboratory skills of Grade-10 students in a junior public high school. The efficacy of these teaching materials were assessed and quantified by teacher and student respondents using descriptive and quasi-experimental methods. Both laboratory activities and kits were designed to support the use of low-cost chemicals and reagents; and promote the improvisation of equipment and materials. These materials were assessed by 12 teachers and field-tested by 30 Grade 10 students. A standardized multiple-choice pre-test and post-test consisting of 65 items each were used to measure students’ mean gain performances. Prior to using the materials, a pre-test was conducted and have identified students’ least mastered topics, the chemical reaction, Boyle’s and Charles’ Laws respectively. A post-test was administered to measure the mean gain performance after using the materials. Data show that both the teacher and student respondents evaluated the context-based activities and low-cost kits effective and highly acceptable (4.79 on a scale of 5 weighted mean). Mean gain performance in chemistry increased significantly in the experimental group compared to the control group, with Hake’s mean gain scores of 0.63 and 0.25 respectively. The mean scores and levels of mastery of students in the experimental group who used these materials were also significantly higher than those in the control group.
Dinámica emprendedora y crecimiento económico. Implicaciones políticas desde el proyecto GEM
Authors: González Consuelo , Montero Javier
Published: March 2018

Un reclamo permanente desde el campo del emprendimiento es que la creación de nuevas empresas fomenta el desarrollo y el crecimiento económico de una región. Sin embargo es una afirmación que hay que acoger con cautela, y que presenta importantes matices. En este contexto nace el proyecto GEM, con el objetivo de presentar datos que ayuden a analizar la relación entre emprendimiento y crecimiento económico y de identificar políticas que mejoren la cantidad y la calidad emprendedora de un país. Precisamente ese es el objetivo del trabajo, en el cual se explica que las políticas de promoción de la actividad emprendedora deben de ajustarse a las necesidades de cada país, que dependen del estado de desarrollo del mismo y del tipo de emprendimiento que se quiera fomentar.
Grado de conocimiento sobre la propuesta de sustitución del gas de uso doméstico por energía eléctrica entre los habitantes de Azogues
Authors: Molina Hugo Jhon Genaro , Palomeque Cantos René Patricio , Méndez Vélez Froilán Segundo
Published: March 2018

El presente estudio tuvo por finalidad identificar el grado de conocimiento de los habitantes de la ciudad de Azogues con respecto a la propuesta de sustitución del gas de uso doméstico por energía eléctrica por parte del Gobierno de Rafael Correa, así como el nivel de aceptación de la población sobre esta nueva política económica. El presente estudio alcanzó un nivel descriptivo, aplicándose una encuesta de preguntas cerradas a una muestra poblacional de 191 hombres y 192 mujeres de la ciudad de Azogues, tanto del sector urbano como del urbano. Se obtiene como resultado que el 98,99% no está de acuerdo con que se elimine el subsidio al gas, concluyéndose que el Gobierno no ha colectivizado adecuadamente la información que permita a la ciudadanía tomar una decisión o asumir una posición frente al cambio. En tal sentido, sería indispensable profundizar  los programas de difusión, los cuales, si bien existen, no son suficientes; de ahí la necesidad de implementar el debate popular, el motivar la razón del porqué de este cambio.
Фазовые переходы и ионная подвижность в твердых растворах в системе (NH4)2ZrF6—InF3
Authors: Слободюк А.Б. , Диденко Н.А. , Кавун В.Я.
Published: March 2018

Методами ЯМР 1H, 19F, РФА и ДТА исследованы термические свойства, ионная подвижность и фазовые переходы (ФП) в твердых растворах, полученных при допировании анион-катионного проводника (NH4)2ZrF6 трифторидом индия. Определены виды ионных движений во фторидной и аммонийной подрешетке синтезированных твердых растворов в диапазоне температур 150—450 K, и оценена энергия их активации. Установлено наличие ФП в твердых растворах в области температур 400—413 K с образованием высокотемпературных модификаций, в которых доминирующим видом ионных движений является диффузия ионов фтора и аммония.
Ассоциация галоформов в конденсированной и газовой фазе. ИК спектроскопия и неэмпирические расчеты
Authors: Гринвальд И.И. , Калагаев И.Ю. , Петухов А.Н. , Грушевская А.И. , Капустин Р.В. , Воротынцев И.В.
Published: March 2018

Представлены результаты измерения Фурье ИК спектров галоформов фтора, хлора и брома в газовой, жидкой фазе, а также их низкотемпературных пленок в диапазоне 20—200 K. Показано, что между молекулами этих соединений образуется водородная связь с переносом атома водорода. В рамках неэмпирических расчетов показано, что для хлороформа возможно образование двух типов ассоциированных структур, в одной из которых акцептором протона при межмолекулярном взаимодействии является атом хлора, а в другой — центральный атом углерода. В то же время для галоформов фтора и брома расчет предсказывает существование только одной формы связывания, а именно, для фтороформа — атома водорода с атомом фтора, а для бромоформа — атома водорода с атомом углерода.
Колебательная структура метакрилатов европия(III) и лантана(III): исследование методами DFT и ИК спектроскопии
Authors: Курбатов И.А. , Харченко В.И. , Мирочник А.Г. , Петроченкова Н.В. , Жихарева П.А. , Вовна В.И.
Published: March 2018

Методами DFT-D3/PBE0 и ИК спектроскопии исследована колебательная структура метакрилатов европия(III) и лантана(III) Ln(Macr)3 (Ln = Eu, La; Macr — метакрилат-анион, CH2CH(CH3)COO–). Рассчитанные геометрические и колебательные характеристики согласуются с экспериментальными данными. С помощью расчета комплекса Eu2(Macr)6×(H2O)4 дана интерпретация экспериментального ИК спектра. Теоретически изучено влияние изоморфного замещения иона европия на ион лантана в комплексе Eu2(Macr)6×(H2O)4. Предложен механизм влияния колебательной структуры на оптические свойства (при изоморфном замещении иона европия и повышении температуры).
Образование «сжатого» и смешаннослойного графита при нагревании импактных алмазов
Authors: Громилов С.А. , Николаев Р.Е. , Черепанова С.В.
Published: March 2018

Изучен процесс графитизации импактных алмазов в атмосфере гелия при 1900—1960 °C. Показано, что выдерживание частицы импактного алмаза с большим количеством лонсдейлитных дефектов при 1900 °C в течение 1 мин приводит к образованию ~5 вес.% графита (в параллельном опыте с частицей без лонсдейлитных дефектов образование графита не зафиксировано). При повышении температуры до 1930 и 1940 °С количество графита увеличивается до 70 и 80 вес.% соответственно. В обоих случаях образуется смесь двух фаз графита: первая — турбостратный графит с d002 = 3.38 Å; вторая — "сжатый" графит с d002 = 3.21 Å. При нагревании частицы до 1960 °C образуется графит, в котором упаковка слоев содержит большое количество дефектов и является смесью 2Н и 3R политипов (соотношение 40:60) с небольшой степенью турбостратного разупорядочения.
Highly nonplanar macrocyclic ring conformation in the crystal structures of Ni(II) and Cu(II) octaphenylporphyrins
Authors: Bhyrappa P. , Sankar M. , Karunanithi K. , Varghese B.
Published: March 2018

Crystal structures of solvated highly nonplanar nickel(II) and copper(II) complexes of 2,3,5,10,12,13,15,20-octaphenylporphyrin are determined by single crystal XRD analysis. The macrocycles in these systems exhibit mainly ruffled and saddled conformations. The average displacement of the pyrrole carbon atom ΔCb from the mean plane of the porphyrin ring is as high as ±0.70 Å. The Hirshfeld surface analysis of both structures reveals mainly H…H (57—59 %) intermolecular short contacts with a smaller contribution from C…H (16—22 %) and H…Cl (11—19 %) interactions. The present work suggests that the nonplanarity of the macrocycle in NiTPP(Ph)4 is largely due to the core Ni(II) ion and less influenced by intermolecular interactions/crystal packing forces, whereas the opposite is true in the case of the nonplanar CuTPP(Ph)4 structure.
Green chemistry approach for the synthesis of copper oxide nanoparticles using tragacanth gel and their structural characterization
Authors: Fardood S.Taghavi , Ramazani A. , Joo S.W.
Published: March 2018

Cupric oxide (CuO) nanoparticles are synthesized using tragacanth gel as a biotemplate and copper nitrate as the copper source by the sol-gel method at different calcination temperatures. This method has many advantages such as nontoxic, economic viability, ease to scale up, less time consuming and environmental friendly approach for the synthesis of CuO nanoparticles without using any organic chemicals. The synthesized CuO nanoparticles are characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), UV-visible spectro­scopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The average crystallite size of CuO nanoparticles is calculated using the Scherrer formula. The powder XRD analysis reveals the formation of the monoclinic phase CuO with the average particle size of 18—33 nm.
Кристаллическая структура трис-(2,3,5,6-тетрафторбензоатo)скандия [Sc(C6F4HCO2)3]
Authors: Чеплакова А.М. , Федосеев И.С. , Дороватовский П.В. , Лазаренко В.А. , Зубавичус Я.В. , Хрусталёв В.Н. , Федин В.П.
Published: March 2018

Нагревание смеси свежеосажденного гидроксида скандия и тетрафтортерефталевой кислоты в метаноле сопровождается декарбоксилированием кислоты и образованием комплексного соединения трис-(2,3,5,6-тетрафторбензоато)скандия. По данным рентгено­структурного анализа соединение имеет цепочечное строение вследствие того, что карбо­ксилат-анион выступает в качестве μ2-мостикового лиганда. Связывание полимерных цепей происходит за счет π—π-взаимодействий между фенильными кольцами.
Dialectones: Finding statistically significant dialectal boundaries using Twitter data
Authors: Rodriguez-Diaz Carlos A. , Jimenez Sergio , Dueñas George , Bonilla Johnatan , Gelbukh Alexander
Published: March 2018

MOTIVATION Most NLP applications assume that a particular language is homogeneous in the regions where it is spoken. However, each language varies considerably throughout its geographical distribution. When dialectal variation is significant, the effectiveness of oral and written communication can be significantly affected. To make NLP sensitive to dialects, a reliable, representative and up-to-date source of information that quantitatively represents such variation must be necessary. PROBLEM Some of the current approaches have disadvantages such as the subjectivity of the regions found, the need for parameters, ignoring the geographical coordinates in the analysis and the lack of a statistical test of the existence of the identified dialectal regions. METHOD Detection of ecotones is an analogous problem in the field of ecology that focuses on the detection of boundaries in ecosystems instead of region, facilitating the construction of statistical tests. We adapted a popular ecotone detection technique called “wombling” to the detection of dialectal boundaries by using as underlying non-parametric statistical test, the Hilbert-Schmidt independence criterion (HSIC). In addition to dealing with the aforementioned drawbacks, the use of HSIC provides robustness against to non-linearities present in the linguistic and geographical variables. The proposed method was applied to a large corpus of Spanish tweets produced in 250 locations in Colombia through the analysis of unigram features. RESULTS The resulting dialectal boundaries (i.e. dialectones) showed to be meaningful and spatially correlated with regions identified by other authors using classic dialectology. CONCLUSION We concluded that the automatic detection of dialectones is convenient alternative to classical methods in dialectology.
An Optimal Value Iteration Algorithm for Parity Games
Authors: Fijalkow Nathanaël
Published: March 2018

The quest for a polynomial time algorithm for solving parity games gained momentum in 2017 when two different quasipolynomial time algorithms were constructed. In this paper, we further analyse the second algorithm due to Jurdzinski and Lazic and called the succinct progress measure algorithm. It was presented as an improvement over a previous algorithm called the small progress measure algorithm, using a better data structure.

The starting point of this paper is the observation that the underlying data structure for both progress measure algorithms are (subgraph-)universal trees. We show that in fact any universal tree gives rise to a value iteration algorithm à la succinct progress measure, and the complexity of the algorithm is proportional to the size of the chosen universal tree. We extract from both algorithms the construction of a universal tree, respectively of exponential size (for small progress measure) and of quasipolynomial size (for succinct progress measure).

The technical result of this paper is to show that the latter construction is asymptotically tight: universal trees have at least quasipolynomial size. This suggests that the succinct progress measure algorithm of Jurdzinski and Lazic is in this framework optimal, and that constructing a polynomial time algorithm for parity games is hiding someplace else.
Phyre and PhyreRisk – Integrating genetic variant data with experimental and predicted protein structures and their complexes
Authors: Kelley Lawrence A , David Alessia , Ittisoponpisan Sirawit , Mezulis Stefans , Ofoegbu Tochukwu C , Chakravarty Devlina , Kundrotas Petras J , Vakser Ilya A , Sternberg Michael
Published: March 2018

Phyre is a widely-used web server for tertiary protein structure prediction and modelling with over 80,000 distinct users per year and is part of the ELIXIR tools resource. We are developing 3D models for predicted complexes by integrating tertiary models, the experimental structure of complexes and protein-protein interaction data. A new resource, PhyreRisk, is being developed which will enable users to map protein missense variants onto experimental and predicted tertiary structures and complexes. See www.sbg.bio.ic.ac.uk/~phyre2 and phyrerisk.bc.ic.ac.uk 
Ethical and Social Aspects of Self-Driving Cars
Authors: Holstein Tobias , Dodig Crnkovic Gordana , Pelliccione Patrizio
Published: March 2018

As an envisaged future of transportation, self-driving cars are being discussed from various perspectives, including social, economical, engineering, computer science, design, and ethics. On the one hand, self-driving cars present new engineering problems that are being gradually successfully solved. On the other hand, social and ethical problems are typically being presented in the form of an idealized unsolvable decision-making problem, the so-called trolley problem, which is grossly misleading. We argue that an applied engineering ethical approach for the development of new technology is what is needed; the approach should be applied, meaning that it should focus on the analysis of complex real-world engineering problems. Software plays a crucial role for the control of self-driving cars; therefore, software engineering  solutions should seriously handle ethical and social considerations. 
In this paper we take a closer look at the regulative instruments, standards, design, and implementations of components, systems, and services and we present practical social and ethical challenges that have to be met, as well as novel expectations for software engineering.
EFEKTIVITAS LIMBAH RAMBUT DALAM MENURUNKAN KADAR MINYAK OLI PADA AIR LIMBAH BENGKEL
Authors: Akhmadi Zainal , Suharno Suharno
Published: March 2018

Abstract: Effectiveness Of Hair Waste In Reducing Waste Oil Level In Waste Water Of Service Station. Waste service stations classified as B3 waste because they contain hazardous materials that may damage or pollute the environment or endanger human health.  The purpose is to determine the efficient design of wastewater treatment with the combination of hair waste as media capture and coconut shell charcoal as filtration media in reducing total oil in wastewater. This study is quasi-experimental. The independent variables include combinations of hair waste as media capture and coconut shell charcoal as filtration media with a thickness of 40 cm and 80 cm, while the dependent variable is the oil content in the wastewater. The location of research is motor vehicle repair shop Tire MTL jl. Wahid Hasyim, office Surya Pratama numbers 4-5 Pontianak. The content of the oil content of wastewater motor vehicle repair shop before treatment by an average of 26.466 mg / l and 4.283 mg / l of after treatment. From the results of these measurements that effectively amounted to 83.6%. Waste Water Treatment with a combination of hair waste and coconut shell charcoal as an effective filtration media for reduced total oil in wastewater for the motor vehicle repair shop.Abstrak: Efektivitas Limbah Rambut Dalam Menurunkan Kadar Minyak Oli Pada Air Limbah Bengkel. Limbah bengkel digolongkan sebagai limbah B3 karena mengandung bahan berbahaya yang dapat merusak atau mencemari lingkungan atau membahayakan kesehatan manusia. Tujuan penelitian adalah menentukan desain efektivitas pengolahan air limbah dengan kombinasi limbah rambut capture media dan arang tempurung kelapa sebagai media filtrasi dalam mengurangi minyak total dalam air limbah. Penelitian ini merupakan kuasi-eksperimental. Variabel bebas mencakup kombinasi dari limbah rambut capture media dan arang tempurung kelapa sebagai media filtrasi dengan ketebalan 40 cm dan 80 cm, sedangkan variabel dependen adalah kandungan minyak dalam air limbah. Lokasi penelitian adalah kendaraan bermotor bengkel ban MTL Jl. Wahid Hasyim, Kantor Surya Pratama Nomor 4-5 Pontianak. Isi kandungan minyak dari air limbah kendaraan bermotor bengkel sebelum pengobatan dengan rata-rata 26,466 mg / l dan 4,283 mg / l dari setelah perawatan. Dari hasil pengukuran ini yang efektifitas sebesar 83,6%. Limbah Pengolahan Air dengan kombinasi limbah rambut dan arang tempurung kelapa sebagai media filtrasi efektif total minyak berkurang dalam air limbah untuk kendaraan bermotor bengkel.
EFEKTIVITAS PEMANFAATAN SAMPAH MERANG PADI (Oryza sativa} SEBAGAI PENGAWET MIE TIAW BASAH
Authors: Yulia Yulia
Published: March 2018

Abstract: Effectiveness Of Rice Straw Waste As Wet Tiaw Noodle Preservative. One of common food in community of West Kalimantan is wet noodles. Wet noodles moisture content can reach 52% so that the endurance or durability is quite short. This research was aimed to analyze the effectiveness of the concentration of ki water as a natural preservative in wet tiaw noodles by looking at the number of bacteria. This research is an experiment with a completely randomized design (CRD) for homogeneous study group. Sampling was done by purposive sampling (30 samples) with concentration 0,5 %, 1 %, 1,5 %, 2 % and 2,5 %. The data were analyzed by using one way ANOVA and benferony to identify the most effective concentration. Results of statistical analysis showed no difference in the number of germs on wet noodles that do not use and use ki water for wet tiaw noodles with p value of 0.000. But there are also results of statistical tests showed no difference in the number of germs in ki water concentration 0.5% and 1%, 1.5% and 2% and 2% and 2.5%. The most effective of ki water concentration was 2.5%.Abstrak: Efektivitas Pemanfaatan Sampah Merang Padi Sebagai Pengawet Mie Tiaw Basah. Salah satu produk pangan yang umum di kalangan masyarakat Kalimantan Barat adalah mie tiaw. Kadar air mie tiaw dapat mencapai 52% sehingga daya tahan cukup singkat. Tujuan penelitian adalah menganalisis efektivitas konsentrasi air ki sebagai pengawet alami pada mie tiaw basah dengan melihat angka kuman. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimen dengan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) karena kelompok penelitian homogen. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan secara purposive sampling dengan jumlah sampel 30 sampel dengan konsentrasi air ki 0,5 %, 1 %, 1,5 %, 2 % dan 2,5 %. Analisis data dilakukan menggunakan uji statistik one way anova dilanjutkan uji bonferroni untuk megetahui konsentrasi yang paling efektif. Hasil penelitian ada perbedaan angka kuman antara mie tiaw yang tidak menggunakan dan menggunakan air ki (p value <0,05). Namun terdapat juga hasil uji statistik yang menunjukkan tidak terdapat perbedaan angka kuman pada mie tiaw konsentrasi air ki 0,5% dan 1%, 1,5% dan 2% serta 2% dan 2,5%. Konsentrasi air ki yang paling efektif adalah 2,5%.
Разработка методики пробоподготовки количественного определения свинца в сахарах методом атомно-эмиссионной спектрометрии с индуктивно-связанной плазмой (АЭС-ИСП)
Authors: Олефир Ю. В. , Саканян Е. И. , Ладыгина Лиана Александровна , Щукин В. М.
Published: March 2018

Подобрана и валидированна методика пробоподготовки определения свинца в сахарах методом атомно-эмиссионной спектрометрии с индуктивно-связанной плазмой на примере глюкозы и сахарозы. Выбрана характеристическая длина волны, подобраны условия разложения сахаров. Осуществлена оценка пригодности с помощью процедуры валидации по показателям: специфичность; линейность; предел обнаружения и предел количественного определения; правильность; сходимость и внутрилабораторная прецизионность.
TELEPON SELULAR SEBAGAI PENGENDALI PERANGKAT ELEKTRONIK BERBASIS MIKROKONTROL AT 89C51
Authors: Artono Budi
Published: March 2018

Untuk memanfaatkan sinyal DTMF (Dual Tone Multiple Frequency) telepon selularserta kemampuan mikrokontroler yang digunakan untuk mengendalikan perangkatelektronik agar nantinya diperoleh suatu kemudahan dalam pengendaliannya yangsudah tidak dibatasi dimensi jarak, ruang dan waktu. Pengendalian ini berbasismikrokontroler agar nantinya dapat mengendalikan beberapa beban PeralatanElektronik hanya dengan satu kontrol utama sehingga efisiensi dapat tercapai.
PENINGKATAN HASIL BELAJAR MATEMATIKA SISWA SMK MELALUI STRATEGI PEMBELAJARAN ACTIVE KNOWLEDGE SHARING
Authors: Sopinal Rani
Published: March 2018

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan peningkatan hasil belajar matematika siswa melalui strategi pembelajaran Active Knowledge Sharing  di kelas XI Multi Media SMK Negeri 1 Bangkinang Kota. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian tindakan kelas yaitu guru berperan langsung dalam proses pembelajaran. Subjek dalam penelitian ini Kelas XI Multi Media SMK Negeri 1 Bangkinang Kota yang berjumlah 33 orang dan objek penelitian ini adalah peningkatan hasil belajar matematika siswa melalui strategi pembelajaran Active Knowledge Sharing Instrumen yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah tes berbentuk essay. Tes digunakan untuk mengetahui hasil belajar matematika siswa dalam meningkatan hasil belajar matematika siswa melalui strategi pembelajaran Active Knowledge Sharing . Berdasarkan analisis data hasil belajar matematika siswa pada siklus I adalah 21 siswa yang tuntas (63,63%) dan yang belum tuntas 12 siswa (36,37%), sedangkan pada siklus II yang tuntas menjadi 28 siswa (84,84%) dan yang belum tuntas 5 siswa (15,16%) dengan peningkatan nilai Rata-rata kelas siklus I = 72,12 sedangkan pada siklus II nilai rata-rata kelas = 76,06 yang mengalami peningkatan secara signifikan, sehingga berdasarkan hasil analisis data yang diperoleh dapat disimpulkan bahwa melalui strategi pembelajaran Active Knowledge Sharing  dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar matematika siswa  kelas XI Multi Media di SMKNegeri 1 Bangkinang Kota
MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR MATA PELAJARAN SEJARAH MELALUI MODEL PEMBELAJARAN DISCOVERY LEARNING MENGGUNAKAN KARTU PEMBELAJARAN KELAS XII IPS 5 SMA NEGERI 2 BANGKINANG KOTA TAHUN AJARAN 2015/2016
Authors: Asminah Asminah
Published: March 2018

Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Sejarah melalui Model Discovery Learning menggunakan Kartu Pembelajaran Bagi siswa Kelas II IPS 5 SMAN 2 Bangkinang Kota  Tahun Pelajaran2015/2016. Penelitian ini  bertujuan melihat Bagaimana Pengaruh model pembelajaran Discovery Learning  menggunakan kartu pembelajaran terhadap pemaham dan penguasaan  ( Action  Reseach ) sebanyak 2 puturan  setiap putaran  terdiri dari empat tahap yaitu :  rancangan,  kegiatan atau pelaksanaan,  pengamatan dan reflesi. Sasaran penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas XII IPS 5 SMA Negeri Bangkinang kotaTahun Pelajaran 2015/2016.  Data yang diperoleh  berupa data hasil tes tertulis , dan hasil lembaran  obser vasi  kegiatan belajar mengajar  guru dan siswa.Dari hasil analisis di dapatkanlah bahwa  prestasi belajar siswa mengalami  peningkatan dari Siklus I di bandingkan dengan siklus I.  Terlihat pada siklus I  ketuntasan  hasil  belajar   siswa   hanya Mencapai ( 81.48 % ) naik menjadi  ( 85.16 % ) pada siklus yang ke II, sehingga ketuntasan klasikal yang diharapkan 85 % pada siklus pertama tidak tercapai namun pada siklus ke II tercapai dengan baik. Begitu juga dengan hasil belajar pada siklus I rata-rata hasil belajar siswa  81.48 naik   menjadi   84.81. Kesimpulan dari  penelitian ini  adalah  mode l Discovery  Learning  dengan  kartu  pembelajaran  dapat berpengaruh posistip terhadap  hasil  beajar  siswa XII IPS 5  SMA  Negeri  Bangkinang  Kota  tahun pelajaran  2015/2016.
İnovasyon ve Girişimcilik Kavramlarının Karşılıklı Etkileşimi
Authors: ŞAHBAZ Ahmet
Published: March 2018

21. Yüzyılda firmaların hedeflerine ulaşmasında inovasyon
ve girişimcilik ilişkisi önemlidir. Firmaların rekabet gücünü ve pazar payını
artırması, karlılığını sürekli kılması, uzun vadede büyümesi bahsedilen
kavramların ilişkisinin etkinliğine bağlıdır. Yeni ürün, hizmet ve yöntemleri
bilgiye dayalı olarak geliştiren firmalar rakiplerine karşı daha avantajlı
durumda olacaktır. Girişimci kişilerin doğasında yaratıcılık önemli bir
faktördür. Ayrıca girişimcilerin değişimi fırsat olarak görmeleri inovasyonu gerçekleştirmelerini
kolaylaştırmaktadır. Girişimcileri; pazarlama, örgütsel, sosyal ve iş
görenlerle ilgili nedenler inovasyona itmektedir. İnovasyonun tetikleyicisi
olarak girişimcilik ruhu önem taşımaktadır. Bu çalışmada firmaların verimli ve
etkin çalışmasına, büyüme ve gelişmesine olumlu yönde katkı sağlayan inovasyon
ve girişimcilik ilişkisinin pozitif etkileri ele alınıp ayrıntılı bir şekilde
incelenmiştir.
The genus Asterina and its anamorph on Elaeocarpus species in Southern Western ghats of peninsular India
Authors: Hosagoudar V. B.
Published: March 2018

The present study observed that the family Elaeocarpaceae comprises three genera: Elaeocarpus, Sloanea and Muntingia in India. Of these, Elaeocarpus munronii, E. serratus, E. tectorius and E. tuberculatus were found infected with Asterina gamsii, A. elaeocarpi var. ovalis, A. elaeocarpicola and Asterostomella elaeocarpi-serrati in the Southern Western Ghats of peninsular India. All these species are described and illustrated in detail.
The eggshell morphology of Heterodoxus spiniger, infesting dog, Canis familiaris (Boopidae, Mallophaga)
Authors: Tyagi Sanjita , Gupta Nidhi , Joshi V. D. , Rashmi Archna , Arya Gaurav , Saxena A. K.
Published: March 2018

The egg chorion of the dog louse Heterodoxus spiniger bears pentagonal / rectangular scutes (scale like sculpturing) arranged obliquely. The opercular disc of the egg bears tall cup shaped micropyles which unite to give ridge like appearance. The centre of the disc bears short thick rod like polar thread.
Black mildews on Goniothalamus species in Agasthyavanam National Park, Kerala, India
Authors: Hosagoudar V. B.
Published: March 2018

The present study indicated that Goniothalamus rhynchantherus and G. wightii were infected by three black mildew fungi, namely, Amazonia goniothalami, Irenopsis goniothalami and Trichasterina goniothalami. These fungi have been described and illustrated in detail.
Effects of Edaphic (Soil) Factors on Plant Distribution in Chameli Community Forest, Bhaktapur, Nepal
Authors: Chaulagain Sarita , Shrestha–Malla Anjali Maiya
Published: March 2018

Horizontal (east, centre, west) and vertical (bottom, middle and top) distribution study of plants as well as the study of edaphic factors were done in 2016 in Chameli Community Forest hill. Soil samples were taken from bottom, middle and top areas of east, centre and west reasons of the hill. During this study, Schima wallichi and Rhododendron arboreum were found dominant species and had less effect of edaphic factors. Similarly climber plants like Smilax aspara, Smilax lancaefolia, Smilax ovalifolia and Dioscorea bulbifera were absent in west area of top region which might be due to low content of moisture, pH, and phosphorous. Scutellaria repens, Sida cordifolia, Solanum nigrum, Tripterospermum volubile, Carex baccans, Heteropogan contortus etc. were absent in west areas of middle region which might be due to the effect of high % of sand, phosphorous and moisture content and has low % of silt, potassium and pH. Herbs are more dominant in bottom, trees in middle and shrubs in top region. The east area of bottom, middle and top region had more diverse vegetation. The average of organic matter percentage, nitrogen, potassium and phosphorous content was maximum in middle hill which supports the highly diversified tree species and dense forest. Phosphorous showed the most effective factor on plant distribution. Therefore, for the proper growth, functioning and abundance of plant species, edaphic factors had a significant effect and play an important role on plant distribution.Int. J. Appl. Sci. Biotechnol. Vol 6(1): 27-37
Plasma Amyloid-β (Aβ42) Correlates with Cerebrospinal Fluid Aβ42 in Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Teunissen Charlotte E. , Chiu Ming-Jang , Yang Che-Chuan , Yang Shieh-Yueh , Scheltens Philip , Zetterberg Henrik , Blennow Kaj
Published: March 2018

The 42 amino acid form of amyloid-β (Aβ42) plays a key role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and is a core biomarker for the diagnosis of AD. Numerous studies have shown that cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) Aβ42 concentrations are decreased in AD, when measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and other conventional immunoassays. While most studies report no change in plasma Aβ42, independent studies using the immunomagnetic reduction (IMR) technique report an increase in plasma Aβ42 levels in AD. To confirm the opposite changes of Aβ42 levels in CSF and plasma for AD, we assayed the levels of Aβ42 in plasma of subjects with known CSF Aβ42 levels. In total 43 controls and 63 AD patients were selected at two sites: the VU University Medical Center ( n = 55) and Sahlgrenska University Hospital ( n = 51). IMR and ELISA were applied to assay Aβ42 in plasma and CSF, respectively. We found a moderately negative correlation between plasma and CSF Aβ42 levels in AD patients ( r = –0.352), and a weakly positive correlation in controls ( r = 0.186). These findings further corroborate that there are opposite changes of Aβ42 levels in CSF and plasma in AD. The possible causes for the negative correlation are discussed by taken assay technologies, Aβ42 transport from brain to peripheral blood, and sample matrix into account.
Amyloid-β Induces AMPA Receptor Ubiquitination and Degradation in Primary Neurons and Human Brains of Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Zhang Yanmin , Guo Ouyang , Huo Yuda , Wang Guan , Man Heng-Ye
Published: March 2018

As the primary mediator for synaptic transmission, AMPA receptors (AMPARs) are crucial for synaptic plasticity and higher brain functions. A downregulation of AMPAR expression has been indicated as one of the early pathological molecular alterations in Alzheimer’s disease (AD), presumably via amyloid-β (Aβ). However, the molecular mechanisms leading to the loss of AMPARs remain less clear. We report that in primary neurons, application of Aβ triggers AMPAR internalization accompanied with a decrease in cell-surface AMPAR expression. Importantly, in both Aβ-treated neurons and human brain tissue from AD patients, we observed a significant decrease in total AMPAR amount and an enhancement in AMPAR ubiquitination. Consistent with facilitated receptor degradation, AMPARs show higher turnover rates in the presence of Aβ. Furthermore, AD brain lysates and Aβ-incubated neurons show increased expression of the AMPAR E3 ligase Nedd4 and decreased expression of AMPAR deubiquitinase USP46. Changes in these enzymes are responsible for the Aβ-dependent AMPAR reduction. These findings indicate that AMPAR ubiquitination acts as the key molecular event leading to the loss of AMPARs and thus suppressed synaptic transmission in AD.
Low Cerebrospinal Fluid Aβ42 and Aβ40 are Related to White Matter Lesions in Cognitively Normal Elderly
Authors: Skoog Ingmar , Kern Silke , Zetterberg Henrik , Östling Svante , Börjesson-Hanson Anne , Guo Xinxin , Blennow Kaj
Published: March 2018

Background:

Low cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of Aβ42 may be the earliest manifestation of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Knowledge on how CSF Aβ interacts with different brain pathologies early in the disease process is limited. We examined how CSF Aβ markers relate to brain atrophy and white matter lesions (WMLs) in octogenarians with and without dementia to explore the earliest pathogenetic pathways of AD in the oldest old.

Objective:

To study CSF amyloid biomarkers in relation to brain atrophy and WMLs in 85-year-olds with and without dementia.

Methods:

53 octogenarians took part in neuropsychiatric examinations and underwent both a lumbar puncture and a brain CT scan. CSF levels of Aβ42 and Aβ40 were examined in relation to cerebral atrophy and WMLs. Dementia was diagnosed.

Results:

In 85-year-olds without dementia, lower levels of both CSF Aβ42 and CSF Aβ40 were associated with WMLs. CSF Aβ42 also correlated with measures of central atrophy, but not with cortical atrophy. In participants with dementia, lower CSF levels of Aβ42 were related to frontal, temporal, and parietal cortical atrophy but not to WMLs.

Conclusions:

Our findings may suggest that there is an interrelationship between Aβ and subcortical WMLs in older persons without dementia. After onset of dementia, low CSF Aβ42, probably representing amyloid deposition in plaques, is associated with cortical atrophy. WMLs may be an earlier manifestation of Aβ deposition than cortical degeneration.
Potential risk of clonally expanded amnion mesenchymal stem cell transplants in contused spinal cords
Authors: Venkatachalam Sankar , Neelamegan Sridharan , Okuda Tetsuhito , Marcus Akiva , Woodbury Dale , Grumet Martin
Published: March 2018

Objective:

Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSC) promote recovery after spinal cord injury (SCI) using adult bone marrow MSC (BM-MSC). Newborn tissues are a convenient source of MSC that does not involve an invasive procedure for cell collection. In this study the authors tested the effects of rat amnion MSC clone (rAM-MSC) in SCI.

Methods:

We tested intra-parenchymal injection of a GFP+ rat rAM-MSC clone derived from E18.5 rats in rat SCI and measured behavioral recovery (BBB scores), histology and X-ray opacity. Expression of aggrecan was measured in culture after treatment with TGFß.

Results:

Injection of rAM-MSC after SCI did not improve BBB scores compared to control vehicle injections; rather they reduced scores significantly over 6 weeks. Spinal cords injected with rAM-MSC were hard in regions surrounding the SCI site, which was confirmed by X-ray opacity. Whole mount imaging of these cords showed minimal tissue loss in the SCI site that occurred in SCI controls, and persistence of GFP+ rAM-MSC. Mason’s Trichrome staining of tissue sections showed more intense staining for extracellular matrix (ECM) surrounding and extending beyond the SCI site with injections of rAM-MSC but not in controls. In response to TGF-ß treatment in culture, chondrogenic aggrecan was expressed at higher levels in rAM-MSC than in rBM-MSC, suggesting that the upregulation of TGF-ß in SCI sites may promote chondrogenic differentiation.

Conclusion:

Acute injection after SCI of a clonally expanded rAM-MSC resulted in aberrant differentiation towards a chondrocytic phenotype that disrupts the spinal cord and inhibits behavioral recovery after SCI. It will be critical to ensure that injection of extensively expanded neonatal cells do not differentiate aberrantly in traumatic CNS tissue and disrupt recovery.
Identification of a resilient mouse facial motoneuron population following target disconnection by injury or disease
Authors: Setter Deborah O. , Haulcomb Melissa M. , Beahrs Taylor , Meadows Rena M. , Schartz Nicole D. , Custer Sara K. , Sanders Virginia M. , Jones Kathryn J.
Published: March 2018

Background:

When nerve transection is performed on adult rodents, a substantial population of neurons survives short-term disconnection from target, and the immune system supports this neuronal survival, however long-term survival remains unknown. Understanding the effects of permanent axotomy on cell body survival is important as target disconnection is the first pathological occurrence in fatal motoneuron diseases such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and spinal muscular atrophy (SMA).

Objective:

The goal of this study was to determine if facial motoneurons (FMN) could survive permanent target disconnection up to 26 weeks post-operation (wpo) after facial nerve axotomy (FNA). In addition, the potentially additive effects of immunodeficiency and motoneuron disease on post-axotomy FMN survival were examined.

Methods:

This study included three wild type (WT) mouse strains (C57BL/6J, B6SJL, and FVB/NJ) and three experimental models (RAG-2–/–: immunodeficiency; mSOD1: ALS; Smn–/– /SMN2+/+: SMA). All animals received a unilateral FNA, and FMN survival was quantified at early and extended post-operative timepoints.

Results:

In the C57BL/6J WT group, FMN survival significantly decreased at 10 wpo (55±6%), and then remained stable out to 26 wpo (47±6%). In the RAG-2–/– and mSOD1 groups, FMN death occurred much earlier at 4 wpo, and survival plateaued at approximately 50% at 10 wpo. The SMA model and other WT strains also exhibited approximately 50% FMN survival after FNA.

Conclusion:

These results indicate that immunodeficiency and motoneuron disease accelerate axotomy-induced neuron death, but do not increase total neuron death in the context of permanent target disconnection. This consistent finding of a target disconnection-resilient motoneuron population is prevalent in other peripheral nerve injury models and in neurodegenerative disease models as well. Characterization of the distinct populations of vulnerable and resilient motoneurons may reveal new therapeutic approaches for injury and disease.
Yoga- and meditation-based lifestyle intervention increases neuroplasticity and reduces severity of major depressive disorder: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Tolahunase Madhuri R. , Sagar Rajesh , Faiq Muneeb , Dada Rima
Published: March 2018

Background:

Current interventions for major depressive disorder (MDD) are suboptimal, and only one third respond to them on initial treatment. Neuroplasticity theories are the basis for several emerging treatments. Evidence on the impact of yoga, a well-known mind-body intervention, on neuroplasticity in MDD is limited.

Objectives:

To determine the effects of 12-week yoga- and meditation-based lifestyle intervention (YMLI) on depression severity and systemic biomarkers of neuroplasticity in adult MDD patients on routine drug treatment.

Methods:

A total of 58 MDD patients were randomized into yoga or control group. The severity of depression was assessed with Beck Depression Inventory-II scale (BDI-II). Blood samples were collected before and after intervention for the measurement of the biomarkers that characterize neuroplasticity, including mind-body communicative and cellular health biomarkers.

Results:

There was a significant decrease [difference between means, (95% CI)] in BDI-II score [–5.83 (–7.27, –4.39), p < 0.001] and significant increase in BDNF (ng/ml) [5.48 (3.50, 7.46), p < 0.001] after YMLI compared to control group. YMLI significantly increased DHEAS, sirtuin 1, and telomerase activity levels, and decreased cortisol, and IL-6 levels, in addition to decreasing DNA damage and balancing oxidative stress. Multiple regression analyses were used to associate neuroplasticity biomarkers with depression severity. A ‘post-intervention change in BDNF’ x ‘group’ interaction indicated that yoga group had more BDNF in association with less BDI-II scores relative to controls. Increased sirtuin 1 and telomerase activity and decreased cortisol significantly predicted this association (all p < 0.05).

Conclusion:

These results suggest that decrease in depression severity after YMLI in MDD is associated with improved systemic biomarkers of neuroplasticity. Thus YMLI can be considered as a therapeutic intervention in MDD management.
Combinatorial GVNS (General Variable Neighborhood Search) Optimization for Dynamic Garbage Collection
Authors: Papalitsas Christos , Karakostas Panayiotis , Andronikos Theodore , Sioutas Spyros , Giannakis Konstantinos
Published: March 2018

General variable neighborhood search (GVNS) is a well known and widely used metaheuristic for efficiently solving many NP-hard combinatorial optimization problems. We propose a novel extension of the conventional GVNS. Our approach incorporates ideas and techniques from the field of quantum computation during the shaking phase. The travelling salesman problem (TSP) is a well known NP-hard problem which has broadly been used for modelling many real life routing cases. As a consequence, TSP can be used as a basis for modelling and finding routes via the Global Positioning System (GPS). In this paper, we examine the potential use of this method for the GPS system of garbage trucks. Specifically, we provide a thorough presentation of our method accompanied with extensive computational results. The experimental data accumulated on a plethora of TSP instances, which are shown in a series of figures and tables, allow us to conclude that the novel GVNS algorithm can provide an efficient solution for this type of geographical problem.
First Case of Glufosinate-Resistant Rigid Ryegrass (Lolium rigidum Gaud.) in Greece
Authors: Travlos Ilias , Cheimona Nikolina , De Prado Rafael , Jhala Amit , Chachalis Demosthenis , Tani Eleni
Published: March 2018

Repeated applications of the same herbicide(s), which are characterized by the same mode of action, increase selection pressure, which in turn favours the evolution of herbicide-resistant weeds. Glufosinate is a broad-spectrum non-selective herbicide being used for weed control for many years around the world. Rigid ryegrass (Lolium rigidum Gaud.) is an economically important grass weed in Greece. Recent complaints by growers about control failure of rigid ryegrass with glufosinate require further investigation and have been the basis of this study. The objectives of this study were to confirm the existence of glufosinate-resistant L. rigidum in Greece and evaluate the effect of L. rigidum growth stage on glufosinate efficacy. Twenty populations of rigid ryegrass from Greece were sampled from five regions, and whole plant dose–response studies were conducted for five populations under controlled conditions with eight rates of glufosinate (0.0, 0.098, 0.187, 0.375, 0.75, 1.5, 3.0, and 6.0 kg a.i. ha−1). Glufosinate resistance was confirmed in three out of five populations with the level of resistance ranging from three-to seven-fold compared with the susceptible populations based on above-ground biomass reduction. Results also revealed that the level of glufosinate-resistance of rigid ryegrass was dependent on the growth stage at which it was applied.
A Numerical Study of Fluid Flow and Heat Transfer in Carbon Dioxide Enclosures on Mars
Authors: Sun Yue , Lin Guiping , Bu Xueqin , Bai Lizhan , Xiao Chunhua , Wen Dongsheng
Published: March 2018

In order to support the future thermal control and energy conservation design for the Mars rover, numerical studies on natural convection in CO2 enclosures on Mars’ surface were conducted for both horizontal and vertical enclosures. The parameters are as follows: the atmospheric pressure was 1000 Pa, the gravitational acceleration was 3.62 m/s2, and the Prandtl number was 0.77. The heat flux, temperature, and velocity fields of the CO2 enclosures were obtained with the aspect ratio ranging from 5.56 to 200 and the Grashof number ranging from 430 to 2.6 × 104. It was found that natural convection formed more easily in the horizontal enclosures than that in the vertical enclosures when the enclosures had same thickness. With the increasing thickness of the enclosures, Rayleigh–Bénard convections formed in the horizontal enclosures, while only single-cell convections formed in the vertical enclosures. The heat flux through the horizontal enclosures was greater than that through the vertical enclosures with the same thickness when natural convection formed. The maximum difference between them reached 35.26%, which was illustrated by the field synergy principle. A hysteresis phenomenon of the natural convection dominating the heat transfer was found in the vertical enclosure on Mars’ surface. New values for the critical Grashof number and correlations for the average Nusselt number for both the horizontal and vertical CO2 enclosures on Mars’ surface were also developed.