bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Revisiting «Gender Equality» in European Politics
Authors: Drozdova Arina
Published: July 2021

Despite the formal equality of women and men in rights, political activity and the decision-making process on public issues remain male-dominated areas. Political priorities are determined by men, and political culture continues to be mainly masculine. Therefore, separate women's political parties, with their own programs aimed at solving gender problems, enable women to represent themselves in the political processes of the country. The article examines the experience of women's parties in three countries: Sweden (Feminist Initiative), Germany (Feminist Party of Germany), and Spain (Feminist Party of Spain). The author also provides and analyzes data on the involvement of women in the top leadership positions of states. It is argued that the study of the differences between women’s parties in individual countries makes it possible to assess the level of the problem of women’s participation in politics.
Role of the Legion of Honour in the Political Life of France
Authors:   Marshal Budyonny Military Signal Academy» of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, Chistyakov Alexey
Published: July 2021

In the XXI century, the French Republic remains one of the major economic and political partners of the Russian Federation. At the same time, one of the forces contributing to the internal stability of the Fifth Republic is the community of holders of state awards, united by official symbols around the idea of serving for the benefit of France, regardless of their own political beliefs. However, differences in the nature of award systems make it difficult for Russian statesmen to understand the true role of French order-bearers in political processes, the role of the Order itself in the life of France. The intuitive perception of this institution by Russian representatives is often limited or erroneous. Based on the analysis of information resources affiliated with the Order of the Legion of Honor, the author formulates a list of the main activities of its members. Understanding the nature of the participation of this organization in the political and social life of the Republic can have a significant impact on a certain «course correction» when interacting with foreign orderbearers. In addition, the presented conclusions can focus the attention of politicians in international affairs on institutions whose influence on domestic processes, although not obvious due to the difference in thesauri, is significant.
The Western Balkans in EU’s Strategy
Authors:   Institute of Europe of Russian Academy Sciences, Shcherbak Igor
Published: July 2021

The article is devoted to the problems connected with the EU enlargement to the Western Balkans. The author pays special attention to the factors explaining recent increased attention of the EU to finding solution to the enlargement .The article contains analyses of «the frozen conflicts» in the region which continue to influence the regional stability and make the task of accelerating the EU’s enlargement to the Western Balkans as a priority one in the context of the EU’s strategic autonomy. New EU’s initiatives aimed at arranging strategic debates on EU enlargement to the Western Balkans have been described. The article contains analyses of the so-called frozen conflicts in the Western Balkans which continue to exert influence on regional stability and on the process of association of the Western Balkans with the EU. The important role of the EUthe Western Balkans' summits in elaboration of common approaches of the EU’s member-states to the problem of enlargement has been noted. The article defines a possible perspective of the EU’s enlargement towards the Western Balkans. The author considers that the EU’s enlargement towards the Western Balkans is becoming an important task for the EU in the context of realization of its strategic autonomy and projection of its influence on the given region.
Revisiting Russian Presidency in the Arctic Council
Authors:   Institute of Europe of Russian Academy Sciences, Zhuravel Valery
Published: July 2021

The article notes that in the period of preparation for the chairmanship of the Arctic Council (2021–2023), in order to further develop the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation, new strategic documents, a package of benefits and preferences for business development were prepared and approved, measures were taken for the sustainable development of indigenous peoples, and to increase the role of science in Arctic research. The author draws attention to some unsolved problems of socio-economic development of the Arctic region (outflow of the population, especially young people; shortcomings of the organization of the shift method of work and centralized coordination and control of state orders and supplies to the population of hard-to-reach Arctic regions; violation of environmental requirements). It is emphasized that Russia assumes the post of chairman of the Arctic Council at a difficult time: the coronavirus pandemic, political tensions in relations with the West, including on issues of management and security of the Arctic, economic sanctions from the Arctic states, which creates certain difficulties in the activities in the Arctic direction. The author concludes that the developed program, the plan of main events, the activity of ministries and departments in the next 2 years will allow us to successfully cope with the chairmanship, show our foreign colleagues all the best that is available in the Russian Far North, and contribute to the strengthening of the Arctic Council.
European Social Democracy in the Post-COVID Period: Importance of Update
Authors:   Institute of Europe of Russian Academy Sciences, Guseletov Boris
Published: July 2021

This article presents an analysis of the process of changing the approach of the European social democratic parties to the social policy and employment policy of the European Union in the post-crisis period. In particular, the role of the Party of European Socialists (PES) and its group Socialists and Democrats in the European Parliament (EP) in the development and implementation of a new strategy for strengthening the social sphere, presented by the European Commission headed by J.-C. Juncker at the initiative of the representatives of the PES in it, including the initiative for the creation of the European Pillar of Social Rights (EPSR). Various options for coping with the consequences of the COVID‐19 pandemic proposed by the PES, as well as the new strategy for the transition to a social Europe put forward by it, are considered.
Updated System Supporting Regional Development in Germany
Authors:   Institute of Europe of Russian Academy Sciences, Kotov Aleksandr
Published: July 2021

The long-term trajectory of the German regional policy is formed by the terms of overcoming the consequences of the coronavirus pandemic. The article discusses in this context the comprehensive all-German system for financing structurally weak regions, provides information on specific programs in 2020–2021, and also shows the connection with European instruments for financing regional policy in 2021–2027. The restructuring of this system of support measures was designed to improve the situation in underdeveloped territories and to help reduce differences in the conditions of recent challenges in technology, energy, and ecology. It is determined that Germany continues to be characterized by the differentiation in terms of economic potential between the East and West of the country. The paper demonstrates that the pandemic only highlighted the demands for the development of new mechanisms and a more active regional policy. It is emphasized that all eligible regions in the country now have access to more than 20 funding programs that were previously restricted to the regions of East Germany. It is determined that the streamlining of such measures is clearly only an auxiliary function in the public administration system and is aimed, first of all, at better coordination of existing instruments. Efficiency limitations are also the continuing autonomy of many programs, the possibility of excessive competition from now all underdeveloped regions of Germany for financial resources.
Learning with Leaflet of Electronegativity (LoEN): Enhancing Students' Understanding on Electronegativity, Chemical Bonding, and Polarity
Authors: Erlina E. , Cane C. , Williams D. P.
Published: July 2021

Previous research has reported that many high-school and undergraduate students have difficulty explaining the relationship between polarity and electronegativity even though they may be familiar with the concept of polarity. This study aims to address these misconceptions using a leaflet and assess its effectiveness using questionnaires and concept testing.Â  A simple, colorful printable leaflet was produced and distributed to students in Indonesia. The Leaflet on Electronegativity (LoEN) provided students with an overview of the theoretical basis of the concepts and guidance on applying these principles. The leaflet format is cheap and easy to mass-produce, which is an important factor given the limited access to other types of appropriate learning resources in Indonesia. The leaflet formed the basis of a classroom discussion activity. Visualization is known to play an important role in constructing students' conceptual understanding, so the leaflet made extensive use of diagrams to explain relevant concepts. The leaflet was printed in full color to make it visually appealing and facilitate student learning. Students were tested before and after learning with the LoEN. A Paired-sample t-test using SPSS is used to compare the pretest and posttest scores to measure the effectivity of the LoEN.A statistically significant improvement in scores (p = 0.000) was achieved, which indicates that using the LoEN in the classroom helps students understand the topic. Also, students' positive responses signify that the LoEN provides an engaging way to learn the concepts.
Science Teachers Abilities in Integrating Population and Environmental Education with Science Subjects of Junior High School in Mamasa Regency, Indonesia
Authors: Mithen M. , Onesimus O. , Arfandi A. , Raeny R. , Rahmansah R.
Published: July 2021

This study aims to find the ability of science teachers in integrating Population and Environmental Education (Pendidikan Kependudukan dan Lingkungan Hidup/PKLH) with science subjects based on the 2013 Revised Curriculum (K13 Revision) in State Junior High Schools in Mamasa Regency. The study population was 106 junior high schools in Mamasa district with an average of one science teacher per school. Sampling was done randomly, 20% of the population (21 teachers). This study used a single variable, namely the ability of science teachers to integrate PKLH material with science learning in junior high schools. Furthermore, it is translated into five sub-variables, including 1) readiness for teaching, 2) knowledge of K13 Revision, 3) ability to identify PKLH material in junior high school science subjects based on K13 Revision, 4) knowledge of PKLH material, and 5) ability to plan, carry out, and evaluate PKLH learning integrated with junior high school science subjects. The research data results from structured interviews with respondents, and the data analysis technique was carried out in a descriptive qualitative way. The results showed that junior high school science teachers in Mamasa Regency in terms of readiness for teaching, understanding of the K13 Revision, and knowledge of PKLH materials were good. However, the ability to integrate PKLH with science subjects was not good or weak in terms of 1) the ability to identify PKLH material in junior high school science subjects based on K13 Revision, and 2) the ability to plan, carry out, and evaluate PKLH learning integrated with science subjects of Junior High School.
Studentsâ€™ Caring Attitudes to Wetland Environment: A Case of Environmental Education In Banjar District Indonesia
Authors: Sholahuddin A. , Fitriyana R. , Sya'ban M. F. , Sadiqin I. K.
Published: July 2021

Schools in Indonesia have been conducted environmental education programs through both curriculum activities and schoolsâ€™ environmental programs. However, there was no sufficient data about the effectiveness of the programs. This study aims to identify the junior high school studentsâ€™ caring attitudes to the wetland environment (CATWE) as the education outcome. The Six Junior High Schools were chosen as probability sampling areas classified as urban, central, and rural areas schools of Banjar District with total samples of 354 students aged 12-14 years. The CATWE data were collected using a valid and reliable questionnaire. This study found that most of the students care for the wetland environment. There were no differences in the CATWE of the three school areas. These findings indicate that the school area and the level of the â€œAdiwiyataâ€ program were not the primary determining variable of environmental caring attitude education effectiveness. The highest score of the CATWE indicator was responsible; meanwhile, the lowest was hard work. Even though all the indicators have reached a care category. It is necessary to thoroughly investigate the effectiveness of the school environmental program â€œAdiwiyata,â€ outside classroom activity, and family role in environmental education.
Effects of Islamic Scientist History on Seventh Graders' Understandings of Nature of Science in a Thai Islamic Private School
Authors: Safkolam R. , Khumwong P. , Pruekpramool C. , Hajisamoh A.
Published: July 2021

Societies and cultures influence students' understandings of the nature of science (NOS). An approach to promote an accurate understanding of the nature of science is to manage the learning based on students' contexts through the integration of their social, cultural, and religious stories. Hence, this study investigated the pedagogical effects of Islamic scientist history on seventh graders' understandings of the nature of science in an Islamic private school, Yala Province, Thailand. Through a mixed-methods convergent design, data were collected from 30 seventh graders in an Islamic private school of Yala who were selected through a convenience sampling. The instruments were 1) a NOS questionnaire and 2) a semi-structured interview on the understanding of the nature of science. The quantitative data were statistically analyzed using mean, standard deviation, and a dependent t-test. The qualitative data were analyzed through content analysis and categorized into three groups based on the views of the nature of science: informed views (IV), transitional views (TV), and naive views (NV). Results revealed that the students who learned from the history of Islamic scientists had gained higher mean scores on the understanding of the nature of science at the .05 significance level and transformed their views from transitional (TV) and naive (NV) to informed (IV) in every aspect of the nature of science. This can be summarized that applying the history of Islamic scientists with the explicit reflective NOS teaching is practical in Islamic private school. To make this change happen in the unique school context, science teachers must devote time to analyzing the NOS hidden in the history of Islamic scientists. In addition, another Islamic context, such as local Islamic wisdom, could also promote the understanding of the NOS for students in private Islamic schools.
Bioaccumulation of Zn and 137Cs in Glauconomya virens (Linnaeus, 176) Upon Exposure to Sigle and Mixture of Zn or 137Cs and Salinity
Authors: Budiawan B. , Suseno H. , Puteri M. E. , Prihatiningsih W. R. , Makmur M.
Published: July 2021

This study aims to determine the effect of concentrations and salinity of seawater on the bioaccumulation of zinc and cesium in the Glauconomya virens. Salinity conditions and contaminant concentrations in the marine environment can change due to weather and other inputs.  A biokinetic experiment was carried out using a single compartment approach that used radiotracer 65Zn and 137Cs.  The experiments conducted were biota collection, acclimatization, bioaccumulation, and elimination. Acclimatization aims for the adaptation of biota in an experimental environment. Bioaccumulation was by placing the biota in an aquarium containing seawater media spiked by  65Zn, Zn, and 137Cs radiotracer contaminants. The elimination process was the release of contaminants from the body of the biota by placing them in clean and flowing seawater. The experimental results show that the uptake and elimination of Zn and Cs were influenced by these two parameters (water concentration and salinity). The highest value of Concentration Factor (CF) for Zn was 11.14 ml.g-1 under influences its concentration of  0.7 ppm in water.  In the depuration process, Zn maintained by G virens were  39.44; 31.17; 23.62; and 23.92% after these organisms accumulate this element from seawater containing 0.1; 0.3, 0.5, and 0.7 ppm, respectively. The highest of 137Cs  under influences its concentration of 3 Bg.ml-1 reached 2.65 mL.g-1. The effect of salinity is directly proportional to the factor value of Zn and 137Cs concentration.
Development of the Dengue Fever Prevention Paradigm in People of Kham Kaew Sub-District, So Phisai District, Bueng Kan Province, Thailand
Authors: Kombusadee N. , Cumrae N.
Published: July 2021

Environmental condition is very important for the Dengue Fever Prevention. People in this area lacked the knowledge, awareness of an environmental condition. To achieve sustainable control of the occurrence of dengue fever, therefore, this mixed methodology research was performed: 1) to gather general information related to the community environment for dengue fever prevention, 2) to develop a paradigm for dengue fever prevention, and 3) to compare the levels of knowledge, attitude, and community participation after attending a training course on dengue fever prevention. The gathering general information related to the community environment for dengue fever prevention was performed by survey method, 341 participants were recruited by using the Taro Yamane formula and stratified random sampling, subsequently, the model was developed for training. After that, the training and evaluation were implemented. Thirty-two volunteers participated in the training on dengue fever prevention. The testing instruments consisted of Knowledge Test Form, Attitude Test Form, and Dengue Prevention Participatory Test Form. The results indicated that the dengue fever prevention paradigm was supported by the following six factors: 1) having reliable data, 2) providing training on disease prevention, 3) having competent agents, 4) presenting the dengue prevention system to the community, 5) having people participation, and 6) having environmental management. Concerning the training on dengue fever prevention, the villagersâ€™ post-test scores on knowledge, attitude, and participation in dengue fever prevention were significantly higher than their pre-test scores. This research increased the knowledge, attitude and participation of people after training on dengue fever prevention in their community.
Sediments Quality based on Geo-Accumulation Index in Heavy Metals (Pb, Cu, and Cd) of Cengkok Coastal Waters, Banten Bay
Authors: Wardani N. K. , Prartono T. , Sulistiono S.
Published: July 2021

This area, which is located near the Banten Bay, is quite active with anthropogenic activities such as industry, fisheries, settlements, and shipyards that have the potential to pollute the environment with heavy metals. This study aims to determine the chemical environmental conditions of the waters and the concentration of heavy metals in the sediments of Banten Bay. Sediment samples were taken at five stations consisting of river and bay sections in April, May, July, August, and September 2019. Heavy metal content in sediments was analyzed according to APHA 2012 using hydrochloric acid and nitric acid destruction methods. The results of heavy metal concentrations in sediments were compared with ANZECC 2000 regulations and sediment quality was determined using the Geo-accumulation Index. The sediment at the observation site is dominated by the silt fraction. The concentration of heavy metals in this study was obtained in the form of lead (Pb) ranging from <0.05 to 6.408 mg / Kg, copper (Cu) ranging from 0.059 to 8.791 mg / Kg, and cadmium (Cd) ranging from 0.042 to 0.605 mg / K. While based on The level of heavy metal contamination in sediments using the Geo-accumulation index (I Geo), the value of all metal types in each month has a value <0.000 at all observation stations. Thus it is concluded that the concentration of heavy metals in the sediment is lower than the threshold determined during the observation. So that the metal concentration weight in the sediment has no significant effect on the environment.
The Effect of Literacy based on Exploration of Science with Cultural Insights on Thematic Content Mastery and Social Attitude
Authors: Widiana I. W. , Hermayuni T. D. , Sastra Agustika G. N. , Kusumastuti F. A.
Published: July 2021

This study aimed to analyze the effect of literacy learning with cultural insight on science learning outcomes and the social attitudes of students in elementary schools. This research was a quasi-experimental study using a non-equivalent post-test only control group design. The population of this study was 140 students, while the sample was selected by random sampling. The number of samples in this study was 100 students who were divided into two classes. The instrument used was a test of learning outcomes in the form of multiple-choices and social attitude questionnaires. Validation of the learning outcomes instrument used content validity with the Gregory test, and item validity used biserial point correlation, the reliability of the test used KR-20, different power, and difficulty level. Meanwhile, validation on social attitude instruments used content validity with the Gregory test, item validity was used product-moment correlation, and test reliability was used KR-20. The data collected were analyzed by Multivariate Analysis of Variance. The results showed that the results of the significance of all three hypotheses are 0,000, which means less than 0.05 (0,000 < 0.05). So, it can be concluded that there was a positive effect of literacy based on the exploration of science with cultural insights on thematic content mastery and social attitude. The novelty of this research integrates literacy learning with Balinese cultural insight on science learning outcomes and social attitudes.
Improving Studentsâ€™ Scientific Literacy through Distance Learning with Augmented Reality-Based Multimedia Amid the Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Ahied M. , Muharrami L. K. , Fikriyah A. , Rosidi I.
Published: July 2021

Scientific literacy is a capability to identify problems, analyze questions, and create solutions by applying scientific knowledge and integrating science with technology and society. This literacy needs to be improved so that students can develop their skills in identifying science phenomenon and addressing various solutions. Although the learning was conducted in distance since the current situation is still amid the COVID-19 pandemic, the literacy can be taught during the learning process. This study aims to improve studentsâ€™ scientific literacy through distance learning with augmented reality-based multimedia amid the COVID-19 pandemic. The research included in a descriptive quantitative study with pre-test and post-test design. The distance learning was conducted in the lecture of anatomy and physiology of organism during even semester in May 2020, with 111 students from three classes in the 2018 academic year. The science content provided in online learning was supported by augmented-reality based multimedia on the topic of the human respiratory system. This multimedia was evaluated, also stated as valid and appropriate to be implemented in the learning process. Scientific literacy was measured using the online test form. The findings indicated that the studentsâ€™ scientific literacy improved moderately both in class A and B, but low in class C. The improvement of scientific literacy in class A reached N-gain average score of 0.31, class B reached 0.38, and class C reached 0.22. Students also gave a positive response, showed by the percentages of studentsâ€™ response at 89.1% in class A, 87.0% in class B, and 84.8% in class C, which was in the very strong category. Therefore, it can be concluded that studentsâ€™ scientific literacy improved well through distance learning with augmented reality-based multimedia amid the COVID-19 pandemic.
$m$-submultisets and $m$-permutations of multisets elements
Authors: Makhnei O.V. , Pylypiv V.M. , Zatorskii R.A.
Published: July 2021

The article is devoted to two classical combinatorial problems on multisets, which in the existing literature are given unjustifiably little space. Namely, the calculation of the number of all submultisets of power $m$ for an arbitrary multiset and the number of $m$-permutations of such multisets. The first problem is closely related to the width of a partially ordered set of all submultisets of a multiset with the inclusion $\subseteq$. The article contains some important classes of multisets. Combinatorial proofs of problems on the number of $m$-submultisets and $m$-permutations of multiset elements are considered. In the article, on the basis of the generatrix method, economical algorithms for calculating $m$-submultisets and $m$-permutations of multiset elements are constructed. The paper also provides a brief overview of the results that are related to this area of research.
Efficacy and Safety of Oral Anticoagulants in the Treatment of COVID-19
Authors: Ni O. G. , Troshchansky D. V. , Protsenko D. N. , Tyurin I. N. , Balanyuk E. A.
Published: July 2021

Coagulopathy and associated thrombotic complications are common conditions seen in COVID-19. Therefore, anticoagulants are an integral part of the treatment of patients with COVID-19.

The aim of the study was to compare the efficacy of oral anticoagulants and low molecular weight heparins in the prevention of pulmonary embolism and their safety in terms of major bleeding incidence, as well as to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of using oral anticoagulants in the treatment of COVID-19.

Materials and methods. Two stages of patient management were compared: before and after the start of a widespread use of oral anticoagulants (OAC). The incidence of pulmonary embolism and gastrointestinal bleeding during the compared time periods was analyzed to assess the efficacy and safety of anticoagulants. To assess the cost-effectiveness, we compared the cost of anticoagulants per day of treatment and per patient.

Results. The incidence of pulmonary embolism and gastrointestinal bleeding did not differ during the compared time periods. Despite the increased frequency of anticoagulant use, the costs per day of treatment and per patient decreased after the start of a widespread use of OACs.

Conclusion. According to the results of the study, inclusion of OACs in COVID-19 management protocols allows to reduce treatment costs without compromising its efficacy and safety. However, the short period of comparison does not allow drawing any firm conclusions. Additional large-scale comparative studies are needed.
Fatty Liver Index as a Simple and Useful Predictor for 10-year Cardiovascular Disease Risks Determined by Framingham Risk Score in the General Korean Population
Authors: Chung Tae-Ha , Kim Jong-Koo , Kim Ji-Hye , Lee Yong-Jae
Published: July 2021

Background and Aims: The fatty liver index (FLI) is a simple and non-invasive method for the diagnosis of fatty liver disease with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) as well as liver-related mortality. We examined the association between FLI and 10-year CVD risk as determined by the Framingham risk score.

Methods: This cross-sectional study included 7,240 individuals aged 30 to 69 years who underwent a health examination between 2015 and 2017. The FLI was calculated using an algorithm based on triglyceride, γ-glutamyltransferase, body mass index (BMI), and waist circumference. Multiple linear and logistic regression analyses were performed to assess independent relationships between the FLI and Framingham risk score after adjusting for confounding variables.

Results: The overall prevalence of fatty liver disease among study participants as assessed by an FLI ≥ 60 was 19.7%. Compared with non-hepatic steatosis (FLI < 30), the odds ratio (95% confidence interval) for a high Framingham 10-year CVD risk ≥ 10% in individuals with hepatic steatosis (FLI ≥ 60) was 2.56 (1.97–3.33) after adjusting for age, gender, fasting plasma glucose, high-density and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, blood pressure, C-reactive protein, regular exercise, alcohol-drinking, and current smoking.

Conclusions: The FLI was positively and independently associated with a Framingham 10-year CVD risk in the general Korean population. Our findings suggest that the FLI, a simple, useful, and economical index, may be an indicator of CVD events.
Sudanese diabetics with hypertension are at high risk for cardiovascular disease
Authors: Mohamed Abderahman Dr. Nahla Ahmed , Ibrahim Mohamed Ahmed , Mohamed Ismeil Abderrhman Ahmed , Abderahman Adam Nassreldeen Khalid
Published: July 2021

Objectives: To measure blood glucose, lipid profile levels, and blood pressure in diabetic hypertensive patients in order to identify the association between the parameters measured and an increased risk of cardiovascular risk in the Sudanese diabetic hypertensive patients. Material and methods: During the months of April 2012 and March 2013, a case-control study was employed in Gezira State, Sudan. The study enrolled 200 patient who met the participation criteria, with respondents divided into diabetic hypertensive and non-diabetic categories to estimate fasting blood glucose levels (FBG), Glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1C) and lipid profile which include; total cholesterol (TC), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and triglycerides (TG). The random access auto-analyzer bio system, A15 was used to test samples for various biochemical parameters. Individual information, as well as anthropometric and biochemical measurements were collected on a questionnaire. After each participant gave verbal consent, venous blood samples were drawn after an overnight fast. The statistical evaluation was achieved with the aid of a statistical package for social sciences (SPSS version 16, Chicago, IL, USA). Result: The WC and BMI both increased significantly by (p=<0.0001), according to the analysis of variance (ANOVA). FBG and HbA1C levels were significantly elevated by (p=<0.0001). The increase in systolic blood pressure (SBP) was significant by (p=<0.0001). The mean HDL-C level was at high risk (49.73) with a significant increase by (p=0.009). The mean LDL-C concentration was above the optimum level (109.03) with a non-significant increase (p=0.697). Conclusion: WC, BMI, DBP, FBG, and HDL-C all increased significantly. Diabetic- hypertensive participants were at a high risk of develops dyslipidemia and cardiovascular disease.
Lasers: light in the dental office
Authors: M Rashmi , Tadiparthi Jayrekha , Muniswamy Latha , Chethan Megha , Yadav Karthik D
Published: July 2021

Lasers have been largely used in the field of dentistry, they provide a high quality, precision treatment modality with and a great reduction or lack of posttreatment pain, making the patient experience somewhat easier. Lasers play an integral part in treating oral mucosal lesions. Its use is not only limited to oral mucosal lesions alone but also stepping into the field of endodontics and periodontics. Lasers have already established itself in the field of surgery.
Osteosynthesis of ankle fractures with an intramedullary nail of the fibula: surgical technique
Authors: Taveira de Souzaa Matheus Levy Almeida , Dressler Hugo Bertani , Padua Bruno Jannotti , Gomes Anderson Humberto , Magalhães João Murilo Brandão , Andrade Gomes Rogério de , Simões Castilho Rodrigo , da Fonseca Wagner Vieira , Almeida Pinto Roberto Zambelli de
Published: July 2021

Ankle fractures are common and represent approximately a quarter of all lower limb fractures. The general concepts for osteosynthesis techniques for deviated and unstable fractures have undergone little change since the 1960s. The presence of comorbidities and poor soft tissue conditions, especially in elderly patients, is associated with a higher rate of postoperative complications. Intramedullary implants have the advantage of using smaller incisions, which minimizes skin damage allowing for early loading. The present technical note describes the use of the fibular intramedullary nail with a minimally invasive approach to deviated and unstable ankle fractures.
Adult granulosa cell tumor with Mucinous cystadenoma of ovary: a unique case with insight into histogenesis
Authors: Afrose Ruquiya , Malhotra Kiran Preet , Agarwal Sarla , Kotru Mrinalini
Published: July 2021

Mixed ovarian tumors are of common occurrence. In this category are placed rare novelties displaying composite granulosa cell and mucinous tumor elements. Such a combination of stromal and epithelial elements may be a chance association of two discrete tumors. Intriguing still is the intimate admixture of these two elements which has been reported only in two cases till date. (1,2) We report the third such case and review the previous cases with an effort to elucidate their enigmatic histogenesis.
Key Ideas of Constitutionalism and State-Legal Development of Ukraine During the National Liberation Movement of 1917-1921
Authors:   the Institute of History of Ukraine, the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Shapoval Volodymyr
Published: July 2021

The article describes the ideas of people’s sovereignty and division of powers, which are the foundation of world constitutionalism as a historical phenomenon. The author analyzes the evolution of the notions of popular sovereignty and distribution of powers, as well as the factors that determine their relevance with regard to modern social practices in different countries, primarily in Ukraine. In the context of the concept of popular sovereignty, the article explores interpretations of the people, including legal, as well as the content and nature of the people’s right to uprising even against formally legitimate rulers who usurped power and abuses it. In line with the concept of the division of powers, the main forms of government are considered. It is emphasized that the form of government, which was adopted in Ukraine in the early 90’s, is merely a simulation of the corresponding forms. The article examines the reception of the ideas of national sovereignty and distribution of powers by the authors of the program documents of Ukrainian political parties at the beginning of the XX century, as well as constitutional projects and acts of constitutional significance, promulgated and approved during the national liberation movement of 1917–1921. The author notes that explicit authoritarianism in the organization and implementation of power and some formal features of parliamentary government or the intention to implement it for objective reasons often combined in this period.
International Cooperation of the Odessa Region (1950-2015): General Characteristics of the Source Base
Authors:   the State Archives of Odessa Region, Levchuk Volodymyr
Published: July 2021

In today’s conditions of active growth of the non-government parties’ participation in international relations and fast development of the municipal partnership, the issues of identification, analysis and generalization of the source base of the formation of a complex phenomenon of twin cities as participants of the international cooperation are becoming of paramount importance. The article analyzes the source base of the process of formation, development and modern state of twin and partner relations of Odessa, as well as international cooperation of Odessa Region in the second half of the XXth – beginning of the XXIth centuries. The basis of the source for the study consists of published and unpublished archival materials which are stored in the archives of the Union of Soviet Friendship and Cultural Relations with foreign countries, the Association of Soviet and Foreign Cities, the regional and city committees of the Communist Party of Ukraine, the archives of regional and state administrations, city councils and city executive committees, archives of local authorities of twin and partner cities. The second group of sources is represented by materials from periodicals containing reports on exchanges of delegations, joint events, speeches by members of delegations of twin cities. A separate group of sources consists of journalistic publications, materials from the Internet portals, information resources, which quickly covers the news and expert opinions on cultural, educational and other international events, the establishment of twin/partner relations and the development of the international volunteer movement. In general, the source base is wide and diverse and quite sufficient for a comprehensive analysis and comprehensive coverage of the international cooperation of Odessa Region during the specified period. Large-scale complex of archival documents that are stored in the State Archives of the Odessa Region, the Department of Archival Affairs of the Odessa City Council and departmental archives of the region are required further scientific analysis and synthesis.
The Wadowice Camp (Poland) of the UPR’s Interned Troops: the Conditions of Stay and Morale of Interned Army in May-July 1921
Authors:   Borys Grinchenko Kyiv University, Sribnyak Igor
Published: July 2021

The article analyzes the conditions of stay and morale of the interned Ukrainian army in the Wadowice camp (Poland). It was proved that the life of Ukrainian soldiers was marked by considerable difficulties due to overcrowding of the camp, a rather tight regime of keeping interned, limiting the ability to temporarily leave the camp, the unpreparedness of the camp commandant’s office to go to a meeting with the interned in solving their most pressing problems. Ukrainian soldiers’ ration was reduced, and sometimes they received spoiled products; they were devoid of soap; the camp still had a group of captive Red Army soldiers with Bolshevik agitators in their environment; there was a prohibition of singing songs (outside the camp, while studying, etc.). All this was aggravated by malevolence and even hostility to interned Ukrainian soldiers on the part of the individual officers of the camp (sometimes even offensive attitude to them), the intrusion of the camp’s commandant into the internal life of Ukrainian soldiers. All this led to the demoralization of the part of the interned Ukrainian army, which did not have stable national-state feelings. One of its manifestations was the desertion of several dozen interned from the camp, including officers. In these conditions, it was imperative to consolidate the moral spirit of the interned, what the cultural-educational departments were cared for. In order to create positive values, actors-amateurs of the camp’s theater regularly offered warriors performances by Ukrainian playwrights. The YMCA camp branch, which, despite the anti-Ukrainian position of its head, objectively changed the lives of the interned for the better.
Cultural and Educational Life of Jews in Kyiv Governorate in the 1860s – 1870s
Authors:   the Institute of History of Ukraine, the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Ivanenko Oksana
Published: July 2021

The article deals with cultural and educational life of Jews in Kyiv governorate in the 1869–1870s, primarily with the activities of Jewish public schools and private schools in the context of the Russian Empire’s national policy. The scientific novelty of this paper is due to the introduction into scientific circulation of documents of the Central State Historical Archives of Ukraine (Kyiv). The author focuses on strengthening of state supervision over cultural and educational life of Jews in Kyiv governorate, creation of private educational institutions, Jewish communities’ educational activities, aimed at preserving and intergenerational transmission of Jewish culture’s religious traditions and values. After the suppression of Polish national liberation uprising (1863–1864) by force methods, the next stage of planting the Russian preponderance in the Western and South-Western provinces was the eradication of spiritual influences of "enemy elements", to which along with the Poles Jews were also classified. In the context of implementing the Russification ethno-national policy, state Jewish schools were established as a transitional link between the traditional system of Jews’ primary education and educational institutions of the Russian Empire. Of particular importance is the study of education’s influence on the preservation of Jewish communities’ mode of cultural life, on the one hand, and on their socio-psychological integration into the Christian society, on the other, and of the dynamics of Jewish youth’s educational level. The investigation of Jewish communities’ transformation, their communication with the social environments and state institutions is becoming relevant. In general, owing to the study of the ethnocultural development of Jews in Central and Eastern Europe, it becomes possible to understand the relationship between the processes of assimilation and preservation of original cultural traditions.
To the Issue of Creation and Functioning of the U.S. Department of State (18th-19th Centuries)
Authors:   National Aviation University, Klynina Tetiana
Published: July 2021

The article focuses on the question of the creation of the U.S. Department of State and its functions. We surveyed historiography (works by Mihalkanin E., Plischke E., West R.,Glad B. and so on). For over 200 years, the Department of State has conducted American diplomacy through war and peace, amidst the competing currents of isolationism and internationalism that have shaped American foreign policy and its commitment to liberty and democracy. The Department of State was established as the Department of Foreign Affairs by the act of July 27, 1789 and became the first Federal agency to be created under the new Constitution. In September 1789, additional legislation changed the name of the agency to the Department of State and assigned to it a variety of duties. There are 5 main periods of existence of the U.S. Department of State: the emerging State Department (1789-1860), the Department comes of age (1861-1895), managing the foreign affairs of a great power (1900-1940), the Department of state and the U.S. as a Superpower (1945-1960), the Department of State’s role in the U.S. Foreign Affairs Community (1961-2000). Special attention is paid to the positions of the Secretary of State who is in charge of defining and implementing U.S. foreign policy. Thomas Jefferson, Henry Kissinger, John Quincy Adams, William Jennings Bryan, Henry Clay, James Madison, George C. Marshall, George Schultz, and Daniel Webster are just a few of the Secretaries who played the greatest role in the providing of the USA’ foreign affairs. Then author gives the illustration of the secretary relations with the President, Cabinet and Congress.
The Development of Internal Political Processes in Kosovo (1999-2017)
Authors:   the Institute of History of Ukraine, the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Pavlenko Alexander
Published: July 2021

Influence of Yugoslavia’s collapse, as well as of external factors on Kosovo’s separation from Serbia is explored in this article. Particular features of Kosovo’s internal policy development and problems with a full international recognition of its independence are also highlighted. The problem of Kosovo’s status within the diplomacy of “power poles” in modern international relations system in the context of NATO’s war against Yugoslavia in 1999 is underlined. Kosovo is a multi-party parliamentary representative democratic republic. The State is governed by legislative, executive and judicial institutions which derive from the Constitution adopted in June 2008, although until the Brussels Agreement, North Kosovo was largely controlled by institutions of the Republic of Serbia or parallel institutions, funded by Serbia. The legislative power in Kosovo is held by Parliament. The executive authority is vested in the Government, headed by Prime Minister. The President is Head of State and represents the unity of the people, elected every five years, indirectly by the National Assembly, in a secret ballot by a two thirds majority of all deputies of the Assembly. Key trends in Serbian policy towards Kosovo after the democratic transformation of its political system and in conditions of Serbia’s aspirations for European integration was examined. The process of Kosovo’s recognition has shown that Kosovo is an irreversible reality and an essential factor for peace and stability in the Balkan region. This could be best proved by the recognition of Kosovo among all neighboring countries (except Serbia), by the vast majority of the countries in the region and the Euro-Atlantic community.
Consuls of European States in Mykolayiv (the Second Half of the 19th – the Beginning of the 20th Centuries)
Authors:   Black Sea National University after Peter Mohyla, Vovchuk Ludmyla
Published: July 2021

An integral part of modern Ukrainian historical science is to study consular missions on the territory of modern Ukraine, which, unfortunately, for many years has not caused interest of scholars. This article examines the formation of European states’ consular offices in Mykolayiv and the role of foreign consular representatives in the city during the second half of the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Taking care of the interests of their own state and citizens, they simultaneously contributed to the development of trade, commercial activity, the rise of banks and hospitals in the city, made a significant contribution to the progression of education, newspapers, science, art, sports, spiritual life of citizens and, in fact, to the development of southern Ukrainian cities.
Ukrainian Archival Sources on the History of the 1956 Hungarian Revolution
Authors:   the Institute of History of Ukraine, the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Matiash Iryna
Published: July 2021

The article deals with the general analysis of documents on the history of the 1956 Hungarian Revolution, which are kept in the Central State Archive of Public Associations of Ukraine and in the Sectoral State Archive of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine. The author investigates the sources that reflect the public mood and reaction of the Ukrainian SSR’ citizens to the events in Hungary, and also cover the authorities’ actions aimed at the purposeful ideological influence on formation of the general public’s opinion on the 1956 Hungarian Revolution.
Pembatasan Kasasi Perkara Pidana Oleh Mahkamah Agung Ditinjau Dari Hak Rakyat Untuk Memperoleh Keadilan
Authors: Withania Aurelia Verina , Mahyani Ahmad
Published: July 2021

The existence of rules limiting the cassation becomes an obstacle for the public to obtain justice and is not in accordance with the principles of the state of Indonesia as a state of law which is stated in the provisions of the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia in Article 28D. Problem: Is the limitation of cassation in Article 45A of the Supreme Court Law in accordance with the provisions of the 1945 Constitution and the Criminal Procedure Code. This research is a normative research method with a statutory approach and a conceptual approach as well as prescriptive analysis techniques. The cassation legal effort should return to its basic purpose, namely maintaining legal uniformity and unity and providing justice for the community.