bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Gaseous Emissions from Wastewater Facilities
Authors: Koh Sock‐Hoon , Shaw Andrew R.
Published: September 2016

A review of the literature published in 2015 on topics relating to gaseous emissions from wastewater facilities is presented. This review is divided into the following sections: odorant emissions from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs); greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from WWTPs; gaseous emissions from wastewater collection systems; physiochemical odor/emissions control methods; biological odor/emissions control methods; odor characterization/monitoring; and odor impacts/ risk assessments.
Water Reclamation and Reuse
Authors: Huang Chunkai , Zeng Ping , Yang Sen , Shao Yanxi , Liu Yang
Published: September 2016

A review of the literature published in 2015 on topics relating to water reclamation and reuse is presented. The review is divided into the following sections: (1) General: extent of reuse, research needs, guidelines and monitoring, health effects; (2) Treatment technologies: integrated process design, membrane treatment, membrane bioreactors, electrocoagulation, ion exchange and adsorption, disinfection, wetlands, managed aquifer recharge; (3) Planning and management: public acceptance and education, economics/pricing, water quality planning and management and project/case studies. Much of the water treatment research focuses on membrane treatment, integrated designs, and other innovative technologies.
Modeling, Instrumentation, Automation, and Optimization of Water Resource Recovery Facilities
Authors: Sweeney Michael W. , Kabouris John C.
Published: September 2016

A review of the literature published in 2015 on topics relating to water resource recovery facilities (WRRF) in the areas of modeling, automation, measurement and sensors and optimization of wastewater treatment (or water resource reclamation) is presented.
Sustainability
Authors: Chang Chein‐Chi , DiGiovanni Kimberly , Mei Ying , Wei Li
Published: September 2016

This review on Sustainability covers selected 2015 publications on the focus of Sustainability. It is divided into the following sections :  • Sustainable water and wastewater utilities  • Sustainable water resources management  • Stormwater and green infrastructure  • Sustainability in wastewater treatment  • Life cycle assessment (LCA) applications  • Sustainability and energy in wastewater industry,   • Sustainability and asset management
Chemical Waste and Allied Products
Authors: Hung Yung‐Tse , Aziz Hamidi Abdul , Ramli Siti Fatihah , Yeh Ruth Yu‐Li , Liu Lian‐Huey , Huhnke Christopher Robert
Published: September 2016

This review of literature published in 2015 focuses on waste related to chemical and allied products. The topics cover the waste management, physicochemical treatment, aerobic granular, aerobic waste treatment, anaerobic granular, anaerobic waste treatment, chemical waste, chemical wastewater, fertilizer waste, fertilizer wastewater, pesticide wastewater, pharmaceutical wastewater, ozonation. cosmetics waste, groundwater remediation, nutrient removal, nitrification denitrification, membrane biological reactor, and pesticide waste.
Food‐Processing Wastes
Authors: Frenkel Val S. , Cummings Gregg A. , Maillacheruvu K.Y. , Tang Walter Z.
Published: September 2016

Literature published in 2015 and early 2016 related to food processing wastes treatment for industrial applications are reviewed. This review is a subsection of the Treatment Systems section of the annual Water Environment Federation literature review and covers the following food processing industries and applications: general, meat and poultry, fruits and vegetables, dairy and beverage, and miscellaneous treatment of food wastes.
Mine Drainage Generation and Control Options
Authors: Wei Xinchao , Rodak Carolyn M. , Zhang Shicheng , Han Yuexin , Wolfe F. Andrew
Published: September 2016

This review provides a snapshot of papers published in 2015 relevant to the topic of mine drainage generation and control options. The review is broken into 3 sections: Generation, Prediction and Prevention, and Treatment Options. The first section, mine drainage generation, focuses on the characterization of mine drainage and the environmental impacts. As such, it is broken into three subsections focused on microbiological characterization, physiochemical characterization, and environmental impacts. The second section of the review is divided into two subsections focused on either the prediction or prevention of acid mine drainage. The final section focuses on treatment options for mine drainage and waste sludge. The third section contains subsections on passive treatment, biological treatment, physiochemical treatment, and a new subsection on beneficial uses for mine drainage and treatment wastes.
Textiles
Authors: Choudri B.S. , Baawain Mahad
Published: September 2016

A review of the literature published in 2015 on topics relating to the treatment alternatives for wastewater from the textile industries is presented. This review is divided into the following sections: a brief introduction on the implementation of the Best Available Techniques into textile industry, a review of the more promising treatment technologies distinguished into physico‐chemical, biological and combined processes.
Bioenergy from Biofuel Residues and Wastes
Authors: Choudri B.S. , Baawain Mahad
Published: September 2016

This review includes works published in the general scientific literature during 2015 on the production of bioenergy and biofuel from waste residues generated during bioethanol and biodiesel production with a brief overview of current and emerging feedstocks. A section of this review summarizes literature on culturing algae for biofuels including bioreactors and open pond cultivation systems with the utilization of inorganic and organic sources of nutrients. New methods applicable to the mass culture of algae are highlighted. Algal cell harvesting and oil extraction techniques tested and developed for algae discussed alongwith policies and economics are also provided.
Hazardous Waste Treatment Technologies
Authors: Wang Po Yen , Li Minghua , Huang C.P.
Published: September 2016

The article reviews the scientific literature published in 2015 on physical, chemical, and biological treatment of hazardous contamination and environmental remediation.
Radioactive Wastes
Authors: Choudri B.S. , Baawain Mahad
Published: September 2016

Papers reviewed herein present a general overview of radioactive waste activities around the world in 2015. These include safety assessments, decommission and decontamination of nuclear facilities, fusion facilities, transportation and management solutions for the final disposal of low and high level radioactive wastes (LLW and HLW), interim storage and final disposal options for spent fuel (SF), and tritiated wastes, with a focus on environmental impacts due to the mobility of radionuclides in water, soil and ecosystem alongwith other progress made in the management of radioactive wastes.
Contaminated Aquatic Sediments
Authors: Jaglal Kendrick
Published: September 2016

A review of the literature published in 2015 relating to the assessment, evaluation and remediation of contaminated aquatic sediments is presented. The review is divided into the following main sections: policy and guidance, methodology, distribution, fate and transport, risk, toxicity and remediation.
Nonpoint Source Pollution
Authors: Ahmad Zaki Uddin , Sakib Salman , Gang Daniel Dianchen
Published: September 2016

Research advances on non‐point source pollution in the year 2015 have been depicted in this review paper. Nonpoint source pollution is mainly caused by agricultural runoff, urban stormwater, and atmospheric deposition. Modeling techniques of NPS with different tools are reviewed in this article.
Fate of Environmental Pollutants
Authors: Padhye Lokesh P.
Published: September 2016

This annual review covers the literature published in 2015 on topics related to the occurrence and fate of emerging environmental pollutants in wastewater. Due to the vast amount of literature published on this topic, I have discussed only a fraction of the quality research publications, up to maximum 20 relevant articles per section, due to limitation of space. The abstract search was carried out using Web of Science, and the abstracts were selected based on their relevance. In few cases, full‐text articles were referred to better understand new findings. This review is divided into the following sections: biological agents, disinfection by‐products (DBPs), halogenated compounds, pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs), and other emerging contaminants.
Effects of Pollution on Freshwater Organisms
Authors: Choudri B.S. , Baawain Mahad
Published: September 2016

This review includes works published in the general scientific literature during 2015 on the effects of anthropogenic pollutants on freshwater organisms. It begins with two broad sections: research reviews and broad field studies and surveys. This is followed by reviews of research categorized in sections to reflect the pollutant class. These sections include wastewater, stormwater and non‐point source pollution, nutrients, sediment cap materials and suspended clays, botanical extracts, surfactants, metals, persistent organic pollutants, pharmaceuticals, endocrine disruptors, pesticides, petroleum hydrocarbons and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), ionic liquids, and nanomaterials. The final section includes works describing innovations in the field of freshwater pollution research.
Effects of Pollution on Marine Organisms
Authors: Mearns Alan J. , Reish Donald J. , Oshida Philip S. , Morrison Ann Michelle , Rempel‐Hester Mary Ann , Arthur Courtney , Rutherford Nicolle , Pryor Rachel
Published: September 2016

This review covers selected 2015 articles on the biological effects of pollutants and human physical disturbances on marine and estuarine plants, animals, ecosystems and habitats. The review, based largely on journal articles, covers field and laboratory measurement activities (bioaccumulation of contaminants, field assessment surveys, toxicity testing and biomarkers) as well as pollution issues of current interest including endocrine disrupters, emerging contaminants, wastewater discharges, dredging and disposal, etc. Special emphasis is placed on effects of oil spills and marine debris due largely to the 2010 Deepwater Horizon oil blowout in the Gulf of Mexico. Several topical areas reviewed in the past (ballast water and ocean acidification) were dropped this year. The focus of this review is on effects, not pollutant fate and transport. There is considerable overlap across subject areas (e.g.some bioaccumulation papers may be cited in other topical categories). Please use keyword searching of the text to locate related but distributed papers. Use this review only as a guide and please consult the original papers before citing them.
Thermal Effects
Authors: Yan Ming , Zhang Panyue , Zeng Guangming
Published: September 2016

This review focuses on the research literatures published in 2015 relating to topics of thermal effects in water pollution control. This review is divided into the following sections: biological nitrogen and phosphorus removal, wastewater treatment for organic conversion, industrial wastewater treatment, anaerobic digestion of sewage sludge and solid waste, sludge biochar preparation and application, pyrolysis of sewage sludge, reduction heavy metal in sewage sludge and soil, and other issues of wastewater and sludge treatment.
Health Effects Associated with Wastewater Treatment, Reuse, and Disposal
Authors: Qu Xiaoyan , Zhao Yuanyuan , Yu Ruoren , Li Yuan , Falzone Charles , Smith Gregory , Ikehata Keisuke
Published: September 2016

A review of the literature published in 2015 on topics relating to public and environmental health risks associated with wastewater treatment, reuse, and disposal is presented. This review is divided into the following sections: wastewater management, microbial hazards, chemical hazards, wastewater treatment, wastewater reuse, agricultural reuse in different regions, greywater reuse, wastewater disposal, hospital wastewater, industrial wastewater, and sludge and biosolids.
Economics
Authors: Palley Paul D. , Parcero Miriam E.
Published: September 2016

A review of literature in the calendar year 2015 dedicated to environmental policies and sustainable development, and economic policies. This review is divided into these sections: sustainable development, irrigation, ecosystems and water management, climate change and disaster risk management, economic growth, water supply policies, water consumption, water price regulation, and water price valuation.
Urban Stormwater Characterization, Control, and Treatment
Authors: Vogel Jason R. , Moore Trisha L.
Published: September 2016

The following review presents a synthesis of 181 journal articles published during 2015 that represent progress toward better characterizing, controlling, and treating urban stormwater runoff. The review is structured by general topical areas related to (1) stormwater quality and quantity characterization; (2) engineered stormwater control and treatment practices, including erosion and sediment control, stormwater ponds, constructed stormwater wetlands, bioretention, permeable pavement, greenroofs, and rainwater harvesting systems; and (3) watershed‐scale modeling and optimization of stormwater control and treatment practices. Common research themes emerging from this collection of studies include potential to enhance hydrologic and pollutant treatment performance of stormwater practices via media amendments and the use of innovative outlet control structures, as well as development of a more mechanistic understanding of hydrologic and water‐quality functions to inform modeling and performance predictions. These studies serve to expand the field's knowledge base and will inform future efforts to further improve stormwater control and treatment at various spatial and temporal scales.
Antimicrobial Resistance in the Environment
Authors: Williams Maggie R. , Stedtfeld Robert D. , Guo Xueping , Hashsham Syed A.
Published: September 2016

This review summarizes important publications from 2015 pertaining to the occurrence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in the environment. Emphasis is placed on sources of antibiotic resistance in the aquatic environment including wastewater treatment plants, hospitals, and agriculture, treatment and mitigation techniques, and surveillance and analysis methodologies for characterizing abundance data. As such, this review is organized into the following sections: i) occurrence of AMR in the environment, including surface waters, aquaculture, and wastewater ii) treatment technologies, and iii) technologies for rapid surveillance of AMR, iv) transmission between matrices, v) databases and analysis methods, and vi) gaps in AMR understanding.
Analysis of Postoperative Complications In Urethrolithiasis Treatment Using Intracorporeal Ultrasonic Lithotripsy
Authors: Stetsyshyn R.V.
Published: September 2016

The causes of early and late postoperative complications in patients with ureteral calculi during ultrasonic ureterolithotripsy performance were analyzed. 287 early and late postoperative complications of different severity were noted in 204 patients included into the study. During the bivariate analysis of complications causes, the interrelationship with localization in the upper and middle third of the ureter, the size of more than1 cmand a density of more than 1000 Hounsfield units was revealed.Taking into account the high risk of failure and complications, intracorporeal ureterolithotripsy in patients with complicated ureteral calculi, a differentiated approach to the use of devices for the disintegration of the concretion, or other types of surgery should be used in this group of patients.
Delays in Prior Living Kidney Donors Receiving Priority on the Transplant Waiting List
Authors: Wainright Jennifer L. , Klassen David K. , Kucheryavaya Anna Y. , Stewart Darren E.
Published: September 2016

Background and objectives

Prior living donors (PLDs) receive very high priority on the Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network (OPTN) kidney waiting list. Program delays in adding PLDs to the waiting list, setting their status to active, and submitting requests for PLD priority can affect timely access to transplantation.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements

We used the OPTN and the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services data to examine timing of (1) listing relative to start of dialysis, (2) activation on the waiting list, and (3) requests for PLD priority relative to listing date. There were 210 PLDs (221 registrations) added to the OPTN kidney waiting list between January 1, 2010 and July 31, 2015.

Results

As of September 4, 2015, 167 of the 210 PLDs received deceased donor transplants, six received living donor transplants, two died, five were too sick to transplant, and 29 were still waiting. Median waiting time to deceased donor transplant for PLDs was 98 days. Only 40.7% of 221 PLD registrations (n=90) were listed before they began dialysis; 68.3% were in inactive status for <90 days, 17.6% were in inactive status for 90–365 days, 8.6% were in inactive status for 1–2 years, and 5.4% were in inactive status for >2 years. Median time of PLDs waiting in active status before receiving PLD priority was 2 days (range =0–1450); 67.4% of PLDs received PLD priority within 7 days after activation, but 15.4% waited 8–30 days, 8.1% waited 1–3 months, 4.1% waited 3–12 months, and 5.0% waited >1 year in active status for PLD priority. After receiving priority, most were transplanted quickly. Median time in active status with PLD priority before deceased donor transplant was 23 days.

Conclusions

Fewer than one half of listed PLDs were listed before starting dialysis. Most listed PLDs are immediately set to active status and receive PLD priority quickly, but a substantial number spends time in active status without PLD priority or a large amount of time in inactive status, which affects access to timely transplants.
An Investigation of Fat Infiltration of the Multifidus Muscle in Patients With Severe Neck Symptoms Associated With Chronic Whiplash-Associated Disorder
Authors: Karlsson Anette , Leinhard Olof Dahlqvist , Åslund Ulrika , West Janne , Romu Thobias , Smedby Örjan , Zsigmond Peter , Peolsson Anneli
Published: September 2016

Study Design

Cross-sectional study.

Background

Findings of fat infiltration in cervical spine multifidus, as a sign of degenerative morphometric changes due to whiplash injury, need to be verified.

Objectives

To develop a method using water/fat magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to investigate fat infiltration and cross-sectional area of multifidus muscle in individuals with whiplash-associated disorders (WADs) compared to healthy controls.

Methods

Fat infiltration and cross-sectional area in the multifidus muscles spanning the C4 to C7 segmental levels were investigated by manual segmentation using water/fat-separated MRI in 31 participants with WAD and 31 controls, matched for age and sex.

Results

Based on average values for data spanning C4 to C7, participants with severe disability related to WAD had 38% greater muscular fat infiltration compared to healthy controls (P = .03) and 45% greater fat infiltration compared to those with mild to moderate disability related to WAD (P = .02). There were no significant differences between those with mild to moderate disability and healthy controls. No significant differences between groups were found for multifidus cross-sectional area. Significant differences were observed for both cross-sectional area and fat infiltration between segmental levels.

Conclusion

Participants with severe disability after a whiplash injury had higher fat infiltration in the multifidus compared to controls and to those with mild/moderate disability secondary to WAD. Earlier reported findings using T1-weighted MRI were reproduced using refined imaging technology. The results of the study also indicate a risk when segmenting single cross-sectional slices, as both cross-sectional area and fat infiltration differ between cervical levels. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2016;46(10):886–893. Epub 2 Sep 2016. doi:10.2519/jospt.2016.6553
Cellular Evidence of Telocytes as Novel Interstitial Cells within the Magnum of Chicken Oviduct
Authors: Yang Ping , Zhu Xudong , Wang Lingling , Ahmed Nisar , Huang Yufei , Chen Hong , Zhang Qian , Ullah Shakeeb , Liu Tengfei , Guo Dawei , Brohi Sarfaraz Ahmed , Chen Qiusheng
Published: September 2016

Telocytes are a novel type of interstitial cell that has been identified in many organs of mammals, but there is little information available on these cells in avian species. This study shows the latest findings associated with telocytes in the muscular layer and lamina propria of the magnum of chicken oviduct analyzed by transmission electron microscopy. Telocytes are characterized by telopodes, which are thin and long prolongations, and a small amount of cytoplasm rich with mitochondria. Spindle- or triangular-shaped telocytes were detected at various locations in the magnum. In the muscular layer, telocytes have direct connection with smooth muscle cells. The cell body of telocytes along with their long telopodes mainly exists in the interstitial space between the smooth muscle bundles, whereas large numbers of short telopodes are scattered in between the smooth muscle cells. In the lamina propria, extremely long telopodes are twisting around each other and are usually collagen embedded. Both in the lamina propria and muscular layer, telocytes have a close relationship with other cell types, such as immune cells and blood vessels. Telopodes appear with dichotomous branching alternating between the podom and podomer, forming a 3D network structure with complex homo- and heterocellular junctions. In addition, a distinctive size of the vesicles is visible around the telopodes and may be released from telopodes because of the close relation between the vesicle and telopode. All characteristics of telocytes in the magnum indicate that telocytes may play a potential, but important, role in the pathogenesis of oviduct diseases.
Evaluation of Serum-Free, Xeno-Free Cryopreservation Solutions for Human Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells
Authors: Miyagi-Shiohira Chika , Kobayashi Naoya , Saitoh Issei , Watanabe Masami , Noguchi Yasufumi , Matsushita Masayuki , Noguchi Hirofumi
Published: September 2016

Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ASCs) have the potential to differentiate into cells of mesodermal origin, such as osteoblasts, adipocytes, myocytes, and chondrocytes, and cryopreservation is currently performed as a routine method for preserving ASCs to safely acquire large numbers of cells. For clinical application of ASCs, serum-free, xeno-free cryopreservation solutions should be used. This study determined the viability and adipo-osteogenic potential of cryopreserved ASCs using four cryopreservation solutions: 10% DMSO, Cell Banker 2 (serum free), Stem Cell Banker (=Cell Banker 3: serum free, xeno free), and TC protector (serum free, xeno free). The viability of the cryopreserved ASCs was over 80% with all cryopreservation solutions. No difference in the adipo-osteogenic potential was found between the cells that did or did not undergo cryopreservation in these cryopreservation solutions. These data suggest that Cell Banker 3 and TC protector are comparable with 10% DMSO and Cell Banker 2 for ASCs, and cryopreserved as well as noncryo-preserved ASCs could be applied for regenerative medicine.
The Evaluation of Islet Purification Methods That Use Large Bottles to Create a Continuous Density Gradient
Authors: Miyagi-Shiohira Chika , Kobayashi Naoya , Saitoh Issei , Watanabe Masami , Noguchi Yasufumi , Matsushita Masayuki , Noguchi Hirofumi
Published: September 2016

Islet purification is one of the most important steps of islet isolation for pancreatic islet transplantation. The most common method of islet purification is density gradient centrifugation using a COBE 2991 cell processor. However, this method can damage islets mechanically through its high shearing force. We recently reported that a new purification method using large plastic bottles effectively achieves a high yield of islets from the porcine pancreas. In the present study, we evaluated the methods of making a continuous density gradient. The gradient was produced with a gradient maker and two types of candy cane-shaped stainless steel pipes. One method was to use a “bent-tipped” stainless steel pipe and to load from a high-density solution to a low-density solution, uploading the stainless steel pipe. The other method was to use a regular stainless steel pipe and to load from a low-density solution to a high-density solution, leaving the stainless steel pipe in place. There were no significant differences between the two solutions in terms of the islet yield, rate of viability or purity, score, or the stimulation index after purification. Furthermore, there were no differences in the attainability or suitability of posttransplantation normoglycemia. Our study shows the equivalency of these two methods of islet purification.
Comparison of Purification Solutions with Different Osmolality for Porcine Islet Purification
Authors: Miyagi-Shiohira Chika , Kobayashi Naoya , Saitoh Issei , Watanabe Masami , Noguchi Yasufumi , Matsushita Masayuki , Noguchi Hirofumi
Published: September 2016

The osmolality of the purification solution is one of the most critical variables in human islet purification during islet isolation. We previously reported the effectiveness of a combined continuous density/osmolality gradient for the supplemental purification of human islets. We herein applied a combined continuous density/osmolality gradient for regular purification. The islets were purified with a continuous density gradient without osmolality preparation [continuous density/normal osmolality (CD/NO)] or continuous density/osmolality solution with osmolality preparation by 10× Hank's balanced salt solution (HBSS) [continuous density/continuous osmolality (CD/CO)]. The osmolality of the low-density solution was 400 mOsm/kg in both groups and that of the high-density solution was 410 mOsm/kg in the CD/NO group and 500 mOsm/kg in the CD/CO group. Unexpectedly, we noted no significant differences between the two solutions in terms of the islet yield, rate of viability and purity, score, stimulation index, or the attainability and suitability of posttransplantation normoglycemia. Despite reports that the endocrine and exocrine tissues of pancreata have distinct osmotic sensitivities and that high-osmolality solutions result in greater purification efficiency, the isolation and transplant outcomes did not markedly differ between the two purification solutions with different osmolalities in this study.
Anatomically preserved fossil cornalean fruits from the Upper Cretaceous of Hokkaido: Eydeia hokkaidoensis gen. et sp. nov.
Authors: Stockey Ruth A. , Nishida Harufumi , Atkinson Brian A.
Published: September 2016

PREMISE OF THE STUDY:

The basal asterid clade Cornales radiated during the Late Cretaceous. However, our understanding of early evolutionary patterns and relationships remain obscure. New data from five permineralized fruits in calcareous concretions from the Upper Cretaceous (Coniacian‐Santonian) Haborogawa Formation, Hokkaido, Japan provide anatomical details that aid our knowledge of the group.

METHODS:

Specimens were studied from cellulose acetate peels, and three‐dimensional reconstructions were rendered using AVIZO.

KEY RESULTS:

Fruits are drupaceous, roughly pyriform, 2.9–4.3 mm in diameter, with a fleshy mesocarp, transition sclereids, and a stony endocarp of four to five locules, with the septa forming a cross or star‐like pattern in transverse section, distinct germination valves, and one apically attached anatropous seed per locule. Vascular tissue occurs in zones between the mesocarp and exocarp, in two rows within the septa, and prominent seed bundles can be traced throughout the fruit sections. Seeds have a single integumentary layer of radially flattened square to rectangular cells and copious cellular endosperm. A fully formed, straight, cellular dicotyledonous embryo, with closely appressed, spathulate cotyledons, is present within each seed.

CONCLUSIONS:

The unique combination of characters shown by these fruits is found in Cornaceae, Curtisiaceae, and Davidiaceae and allows us to describe a new taxon of Cornales, Eydeia hokkaidoensis gen. et sp. nov., with many similarities to extant Davidia involucrata. These fossils underscore the phylogenetic diversification of Cornales that was underway during the Late Cretaceous and support the hypothesis that a Davidia‐like fruit morphology is plesiomorphic within Cornales.
The role of polyploidy in shaping morphological diversity in natural populations ofPhlox amabilis
Authors: Chansler Matthew T. , Ferguson Carolyn J. , Fehlberg Shannon D. , Prather L. Alan
Published: September 2016

PREMISE OF THE STUDY:

Studies of natural populations of polyploids increasingly highlight complex patterns of variation in ploidy and geographic distribution of cytotypes. As our understanding of the complexity of polyploidy grows, our understanding of the morphological correlates of polyploidy should expand as well. Here we examine in what ways, and to what degree, polyploidy affects the overall phenotype of a species across its distribution when there are three ploidies and geographic complexity in cytotype distribution.

METHODS:

We measured 31 morphological traits from stems, leaves, and flowers from up to 25 individuals from 11 sites across the distribution ofPhlox amabilis. Chromosome counts and flow cytometry confirmed and expanded upon earlier research documenting diploid, tetraploid, and hexaploid populations, and also identified a site with two ploidies. Univariate and multivariate statistics were used to characterize the morphological effects of polyploidy.

KEY RESULTS:

We detected significant associations between morphology and ploidy in 11 traits spread across vegetative and reproductive structures. Generally, diploid individuals differed from polyploid individuals to a greater extent, and in different ways, than tetraploid and hexaploid plants differed from each other. Multivariate morphometrics demonstrated that the two primary axes of overall variation are driven by morphological traits associated with polyploidy, and individuals of different ploidies can be discriminated with 95% success.

CONCLUSIONS:

Polyploidy plays a major role in shaping overall morphological diversity in natural populations ofP. amabilis.
AHP/ANP THEORY AND ITS APPLICATION IN TECHNOLOGICAL AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT: THE 90TH ANNIVERSARY OF THOMAS L. SAATY
Authors: KOU Gang , ERGU Daji
Published: September 2016

"AHP/ANP theory and its application in technological and economic development: the 90th anniversary of Thomas L. Saaty." Technological and Economic Development of Economy, 22(5), pp. 649–650
Dietary Behaviour Pattern and Physical Activity in Overweight and Obese Egyptian Mothers: Relationships with Their Children's Body Mass Index
Authors: Hassan Nayera E. , Wahba Saneya , El-Alameey Inas R. , El-Masry Sahar A. , AbuShady Mones M. , Abdel Hameed Enas R. , Ibrahim Tarek S. , Boseila Samia
Published: September 2016

BACKGROUND: Obesity and related morbidity increase in Egyptian women and their children. A better understanding of dietary and activity patterns is needed to reduce obesity prevalence.AIM: The present study aimed to assess dietary patterns and physical activity in Egyptian overweight and obese mothers and to explore its relationships with their children's body mass index (BMI).SUBJECTS AND METHODS: This descriptive case-control study was conducted at the National Research Center. The study included a sample of 64 overweight and obese mothers and 75 children, compared with apparently healthy non-obese mothers and their children of matched age and social class. Tested questionnaires were used to collect information of the studied subjects.RESULTS: A statistically significantly higher incidence of unemployment, large family size was observed in overweight & obese women compared to controls (P < 0.05). Those women who consumed vegetables more than 3 times a week were less likely to be overweight or obese (P < 0.05). No significant association were detected between mothers' physical activity, dietary behaviour variables and children’s BMI except for consuming beverages with added sugar (95%CI = 0.074-0.985, P<0.05).CONCLUSION: Improper dietary patterns, nonworking mothers and big family size are associated with obesity among Egyptian women. Emphasis should be given to increasing physical activity and encourage healthier diets among Egyptian mothers and their children.
A Comparative Study of Transbuccal and Extraoral Approaches in the Management of Mandibular Angle Fractures: A Systematic Review
Authors: Ali Beza Sabah , Attia Sayed , Ellis III Edward , Omara Layla
Published: September 2016

AIM: The aim of the present study was to compare the extraoral and transbuccal approaches for the treatment of mandibular angle fractures with regard to postoperative complications.PATIENTS AND METHODS: An electronic search for relevant articles without language and date restrictions was performed in July 2016. Inclusion criteria were studies in humans including randomised controlled trials (RCTs), controlled clinical trials (CCTs), prospective studies (PS), and retrospective studies (RS). In total, 107 patients were included from four studies (transbuccal = 48, extraoral = 59). The follow-up period varied from 3 months to 24 months.RESULTS: In extraoral group the average of unsightly scar, facial nerve weakness, infection, malocclusion, plate removal were found to be 55% (range,10% -100%), 26.5% (range, 0%-53%), 11.7% (range, 0% - 20%), 22.5% (range, 0% -50%), 6.7% (range, 3.3% - 10%) respectively while these parameters in the transbuccal approach were found to be no obvious unsightly scar, 6.6 % (range, 0%-13.3%), 8.1% (range, 0% - 20%), 4.8% (range, 0% - 12.5%), 0%. The incidence of postoperative trismus and nonunion/malunion were 0% in both groups.CONCLUSION: The results of this study suggest that transbuccal approach shows fewer complications than extraoral approach when used for the treatment of mandibular angle fractures.
Mental Health Legislation and Involuntary Hospitalization in the Republic of Macedonia
Authors: Manuševa Nensi , Arsova Slavica , Markovska-Simoska Silvana , Novotni Antoni , Stefanovski Branislav , Raleva Marija
Published: September 2016

As psychiatrists, we are often obliged to provide non-consensual treatment. This institute comprises the rights of the patients with mental health disorders. The aim of this paper is to explain the contemporary mental health legislation in our country the Republic of Macedonia and the problems with the implementation of involuntary hospitalisation. This could be overcome with close cooperation between the judicial and health care system.
Aortic Annular Enlargement during Aortic Valve Replacement
Authors: Dumani Selman , Likaj Ermal , Dibra Laureta , Llazo Stavri , Refatllari Ali
Published: September 2016

In the surgery of aortic valve replacement is always attempted, as much as possible, to implant the larger prosthesis with the mains goals to enhance the potential benefits, to minimise transvalvular gradient, decrease left ventricular size and avoid the phenomenon of patient-prosthesis mismatch. Implantation of an ideal prosthesis often it is not possible, due to a small aortic annulus. A variety of aortic annulus enlargement techniques is reported to avoid patient-prosthesis mismatch. We present the case that has submitted four three times open heart surgery. We used Manouguian technique to enlarge aortic anulus with excellent results during the fourth time of surgery.
Les dernières évolutions du principe de raison suffisante
Authors: Lalanne Arnaud
Published: September 2016

Tout le monde associe la philosophie de Leibniz au « principe de raison suffisante », comme s’il s’agissait d’un invariant de sa pensée. Pourtant, cette dénomination n’apparaît qu’autour de 1702 dans son œuvre, soit plus de trente ans après les premières mentions de « l’axiome reçu » selon lequel « rien n’est sans raison ». Il faut attendre encore dix ans pour que Leibniz dise «  mon principe de raison suffisante » («  meum Rationis sufficientis principium », lettre à Des Bosses de février 1712) ; et l’année de sa mort, il parle encore de « [...] [s]on principe du besoin d’une raison suffisante... » (§ 18 du Cinquième écrit à Clarke , août 1716). Faut-il voir dans cette dénomination le « dernier » mot de sa conception du principe de raison ou simplement le dernier état de sa pensée sur le sujet ?
L’autonomie épistémologique de l’analogie chez Leibniz
Authors: Leduc Christian
Published: September 2016

Leibniz emploie des arguments par analogie dans une pluralité de domaines théoriques. Selon certains commentateurs, ces usages seraient à articuler autour du concept métaphysique d’expression : pour qu’une analogie soit valide, il faut la fonder sur un rapport de proportionnalité perceptive et expressive. Dans le présent article, il s’agit de donner plutôt une interprétation non-métaphysique de l’analogie chez Leibniz. Dans plusieurs contextes, il ne serait ni souhaitable, ni même possible de trouver un fondement métaphysique aux comparaisons analogiques. L’autonomie épistémologique de l’analogie serait par ailleurs un acquis des premiers textes de Leibniz et qui se répercuterait jusqu’aux œuvres de la maturité.
Les preuves leibniziennes de l’existence de Dieu : la « voie » du mouvement
Authors: Rateau Paul
Published: September 2016

L’objet de cet article est de montrer comment est élaborée la preuve de l’existence de Dieu par le mouvement dans la philosophie naturelle du jeune Leibniz (1666-1670), les transformations qu’elle est amenée à subir lors de la constitution de la nouvelle physique (1671), avant son effacement avec la réforme de la mécanique et la réhabilitation des formes substantielles (1679). On examine enfin les raisons de sa persistance, sous des formes certes renouvelées, dans les textes postérieurs, où elle se trouve rattachée à d’autres preuves (par la contingence du créé, par la convenance des lois de la nature, par l’harmonie préétablie).
Félicité commune et inquiétude dans la pensée politique de Leibniz
Authors: Basso Luca
Published: September 2016

Le but de l’article est de mettre en évidence l’importance de la question de la felicitas dans la réflexion éthique et politique de Leibniz, selon une réciprocité entre la dimension individuelle et la dimension commune. Cette recherche leibnizienne se déroule en termes dynamiques : la félicité est liée à un progrès perpétuel des formes politiques, et le progrès n’est jamais accompli une fois pour toutes, si bien que félicité et inquiétude ne s’op­posent pas. La respublica doit être interprétée à partir de cet enjeu conceptuel et politique.
Christine de Pizan dans l’Angleterre du XV e siècle : une autorité en matière de bon gouvernement ?
Authors: Mairey Aude
Published: September 2016

De nombreux textes littéraires en anglais, au xv e   siècle font preuve d’une préoccupation pour le bon gouvernement et le bien commun. Plusieurs d’entre eux sont des traductions ou des adaptations du français, qu’il s’agisse de textes originaux (Guillaume de Deguileville, Alain Chartier, etc.) ou de traductions du latin (Laurent de Premierfait, etc.), sans compter les influences plus informelles. Christine de Pizan est bien connue en Angleterre dès le tournant des xiv e et xv e   siècles : Henri IV de Lancastre l’a invitée à sa cour (invitation qu’elle a refusée) et des manuscrits de ses œuvres circulent. Elle est également traduite et adaptée tout au long du siècle et encore au siècle suivant, sous le règne d’Henri VIII Tudor. Qu’apporte Christine à ces auteurs-traducteurs ? C’est peut-être d’abord l’éloquence de Christine, et l’usage qu’elle en fait, qui les aurait séduit, et cela est sans doute une raison importante dans un siècle où l’anglais se constitue en langue savante, politique et littéraire. Mais, plus largement, se pose la question de l’articulation entre ces développements de l’anglais et l’usage politique que font ces auteurs de Christine de Pizan, à un moment où l’Angleterre et la France se construisent en partie par leur confrontation, et alors même que Christine est une femme. Cet article aborde cette question à travers trois exemples de traductions empruntés à trois moments différents : la Letter of Cupid de Thomas Hoccleve au tout début du xv e   siècle, l’ Epistle of Othea de Stephen Scrope dans les années 1440 et les Fayttes of Armes de William Caxton, imprimés en 1489.
L’État princier à l’épreuve. Financer et conduire la guerre pendant la crise de l’État bourguignon (1477-1493)
Authors: Sablon du Corail Amable
Published: September 2016

Entre 1477 et 1493, l’État bourguignon traversa la plus grave crise de son existence. Face à Louis XI, les successeurs de Charles le Téméraire durent d’abord défendre l’intégrité territoriale de leurs possessions. À l’intérieur de celles-ci, ils furent confrontés aux revendications des villes de Flandre et de Brabant, porteuses d’un projet politique fondé sur l’autonomie urbaine. Au contexte politique très difficile, s’ajoute une conjoncture défavorable, en raison du très haut niveau des salaires, et donc du coût de la guerre, à la fin du xv e   siècle. Les structures financières et militaires de l’État bourguignon ont très vite montré leurs limites, obligeant les capitaines de Maximilien de Habsbourg à vivre d’expédients, de réquisitions et de pillages. Peut-on pour autant parler d’État failli ? Non, car au bout du compte, en dépit de la violence générée par l’incapacité de l’État à financer la guerre dans la longue durée, la légitimité du pouvoir princier ne fut jamais sérieusement contestée, pas plus que sa finalité, à savoir dispenser la paix et la justice.
Conservation et captures animales au Congo belge (1908-1960). Vers une histoire de la matérialité des politiques de gestion de la faune
Authors: Pouillard Violette
Published: September 2016

Cette contribution examine les tensions entre la protection de la faune et son appropriation par le biais d’une étude des ponctions d’animaux protégés au Congo belge aux fins d’alimenter les jardins zoologiques. Elle débute par l’analyse des mesures juridiques de protection qui établissent des listes d’espèces protégées, toute­- fois dotées d’exceptions en faveur des institutions dites scientifiques, y compris les zoos. Une seconde partie se penche sur les politiques et pratiques coloniales qui découlent du droit, de la cession d’autorisations de captures aux délégués des institutions scientifiques ou à des colons choisis à la progressive monopolisation officielle des captures des animaux les plus protégés. Ce faisant, les recherches confirment la codification et la restriction croissantes des ponctions au profit des élites de l’Occident mises en évidence par les travaux de John MacKenzie. Mais l’étude, examinant ensuite la matérialité des ponctions officielles par le biais de leurs incidences sur les populations animales, témoigne de ce qu’elles opèrent largement dans la continuité des motifs antérieurs, échouent à rationaliser les pratiques et fondent de nouvelles traditions d’exploitation de la faune, y compris s’agissant des animaux les plus protégés. Ces orientations sont mises en relation, en conclusion, avec les fondements utilitaristes des politiques environnementales au Congo belge.
Imprinting of Skin/Inflammation Homing in CD4+ T Cells Is Controlled by DNA Methylation within the Fucosyltransferase 7 Gene
Authors: Pink Matthias , Ratsch Boris A. , Mardahl Maibritt , Durek Pawel , Polansky Julia K. , Karl Martin , Baumgrass Ria , Wallner Stefan , Cadenas Cristina , Gianmoena Kathrin , Floess Stefan , Chen Wei , Nordstroem Karl , Tierling Sascha , Olek Sven , Walter Jörn , Hamann Alf , Syrbe Uta
Published: September 2016

E- and P-selectin ligands (E- and P-ligs) guide effector memory T cells into skin and inflamed regions, mediate the inflammatory recruitment of leukocytes, and contribute to the localization of hematopoietic precursor cells. A better understanding of their molecular regulation is therefore of significant interest with regard to therapeutic approaches targeting these pathways. In this study, we examined the transcriptional regulation of fucosyltransferase 7 (FUT7), an enzyme crucial for generation of the glycosylated E- and P-ligs. We found that high expression of the coding gene fut7 in murine CD4+ T cells correlates with DNA demethylation within a minimal promoter in skin/inflammation-seeking effector memory T cells. Retinoic acid, a known inducer of the gut-homing phenotype, abrogated the activation-induced demethylation of this region, which contains a cAMP responsive element. Methylation of the promoter or mutation of the cAMP responsive element abolished promoter activity and the binding of CREB, confirming the importance of this region and of its demethylation for fut7 transcription in T cells. Furthermore, studies on human CD4+ effector memory T cells confirmed demethylation within FUT7 corresponding to high FUT7 expression. Monocytes showed an even more extensive demethylation of the FUT7 gene whereas hepatocytes, which lack selectin ligand expression, exhibited extensive methylation. In conclusion, we show that DNA demethylation within the fut7 gene controls selectin ligand expression in mice and humans, including the inducible topographic commitment of T cells for skin and inflamed sites.
Circulating Memory CD4+ T Cells Target Conserved Epitopes of Rhinovirus Capsid Proteins and Respond Rapidly to Experimental Infection in Humans
Authors: Muehling Lyndsey M. , Mai Duy T. , Kwok William W. , Heymann Peter W. , Pomés Anna , Woodfolk Judith A.
Published: September 2016

Rhinovirus (RV) is a major cause of common cold and an important trigger of acute episodes of chronic lung diseases. Antigenic variation across the numerous RV strains results in frequent infections and a lack of durable cross-protection. Because the nature of human CD4+ T cells that target RV is largely unknown, T cell epitopes of RV capsid proteins were analyzed, and cognate T cells were characterized in healthy subjects and those infected by intranasal challenge. Peptide epitopes of the RV-A16 capsid proteins VP1 and VP2 were identified by peptide/MHC class II tetramer-guided epitope mapping, validated by direct ex vivo enumeration, and interrogated using a variety of in silico methods. Among noninfected subjects, those circulating RV-A16–specific CD4+ T cells detected at the highest frequencies targeted 10 unique epitopes that bound to diverse HLA-DR molecules. T cell epitopes localized to conserved molecular regions of biological significance to the virus were enriched for HLA class I and II binding motifs, and constituted both species-specific (RV-A) and pan-species (RV-A, -B, and -C) varieties. Circulating epitope-specific T cells comprised both memory Th1 and T follicular helper cells, and were rapidly expanded and activated after intranasal challenge with RV-A16. Cross-reactivity was evidenced by identification of a common *0401-restricted epitope for RV-A16 and RV-A39 by tetramer-guided epitope mapping and the ability for RV-A16–specific Th1 cells to proliferate in response to their RV-A39 peptide counterpart. The preferential persistence of high-frequency RV-specific memory Th1 cells that recognize a limited set of conserved epitopes likely arises from iterative priming by previous exposures to different RV strains.