bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Enhanced Ball Shear Testing Configuration For Substrate LGA Sensor Devices
Authors: Mariano Richard G. , Maniebo Marciano M. , Gomez Frederick Ray I.
Published: August 2021

Semiconductor assembly mass production environment has means of testing and verifying bond consistency and reliability during wire bonding. Common bond integrity assessment is ball shear testing (BST). This test enables analysis of the strength between the bond pad and a ball bond. This paper presents significant procedure on how ball shear testing parameters should be treated during wirebond integrity check. Device complexity in terms of performing ball shear testing specifically on sensor dice has different output responses. Frequent shearing on die resulted as bond pads are elevated by 30 µm (microns). To address manufacturing in-process controls challenges, shearing tool position, dage settings, and optical scopes are taken into consideration. Also, a study was performed on the execution correctness in combination with proper dage parameters was explored to meet good ball shear test process capability and break modes.
Renoprotective Influence of Pomegranate Juice on Nephrotoxicity Induced by Methotrexate
Authors: Saaty Afnan H.
Published: August 2021

Methotrexate (Metho) is cytotoxic drug widely used to treat malignant (lymphoma, leukemia, breast cancer) and non-malignant (rheumatic arthritis) diseases. It mediates nephrotoxicity via cellular oxidative stress. Pomegranate juice (POJ) has a potent antioxidant property. This research aimed to assess the potential protective effect of POJ against Metho-induced renal damage in rats. Renal toxicity was induced through intraperitoneal (ip) injection with a single dose of Metho (20 mg/kg). Forty male rats were randomly segregated into 4 groups; each group contained 10 rats. Control (Cont); Metho: rats on the 23rd day injected ip with Metho; POJ (2 ml/kg) +Metho: rats given POJ (2 ml/kg) orally once a day, and on the 23th day injected with Metho ip; and POJ (4 ml/kg) + Metho: rats given POJ (4 ml/kg) orally once a day, and on the 23th day rats were injected with Metho ip. After 5 days of Metho ip. injection, blood samples and renal tissue were obtained. Serum renal functions, ionic electrolytes (sodium and potassium), and pro-inflammatory cytokines were analyzed. Renal oxidative stress and antioxidant enzymes were also measured. Renal tissue were examined microscopically. Metho caused a significant increase in serum renal functions and disturbance in ionic electrolytes. As well as, there was a significant increase in pro-inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress parameters, with detectable degenerative alteration in glomerulus and renal tissue changes compared with the Cont group. Pretreatment with POJ resulted in preventing biochemical and histopathological alterations induced by Metho. The high dose of POJ (4 ml/kg) was significantly more effective than low dose (2 ml/kg). In conclusion, POJ exerted a potent nephroprotective action and prevent Metho-induced nephrotoxicity. Therefore, POJ may has a beneficial effect in patients receiving Metho therapy.
Knowledge and Awareness about Diabetes of Recently Retired Athletes
Authors: Naseer Abida , Javed Saeed , Gul Faryal , Sattar Sumera , Ayub Fehmida , Hayat Abdul Haseeb , Sher Ali , Asghar Adnan
Published: August 2021

Objective: The present research aimed to provide knowledge and awareness to the retired athletes about their diabetes.

Methodology: The research hascross-sectional research design. The glucose level of 300 recently retired male athletes was observed through Glucometer before data collection. Total 163 out of 300 athletes were found diabetic. The data was collected from these 163 diabetic retired athletes through the questionnaire. The researchers took three months to complete the process of glucose testing process retired athletes through Glucometer. Afterward, the collected data was edited into SPSS (v-26) for further analyses. The collected data were analyzed through descriptive statistics using frequencies and percentages on the written observations of retired athletes.

Results: The findings have shown that athletes were become diabetic due to give up their sports practices and exercises after their retirement. Before retirement, they were taken rich carbohydrates in their meals and utilized them in their routine sports practices and competitions. Afterward, the eating habits of athletes were still in progress but their sports habits were changed which cause their diabetes.

Conclusion: It was concluded that the retired athletes of Pakistan belonging to any sports should observe their blood glucose regularly. Furthermore, they should continue their exercises and sports involvements to maintain their fitness levels as well as to control the glucose levels in their blood. This enhances not only their healthy lifestyle but also they may spend their healthy lives.
Police‐driven diversion program in Wisconsin lowers rearrest rate
Authors: Enos Gary
Published: August 2021

Completion of a six‐month diversion program for drug offenders in Madison, Wisconsin, led to a substantial reduction in the odds of rearrest compared with individuals not participating in the program, reports a newly published study. The results point to the importance of ongoing engagement of participants, in that mere assignment to the program without successful completion was not associated with reduced recidivism.
SAMHSA issues new and revised TIP 63 on OUD
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: August 2021

Last week, the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) issued a new Treatment Improvement Protocol 63 (TIP 63) on treatments for opioid use disorder (OUD). Certain parts of the TIP 63 were revised to include updates in the following areas:
Advances in Photocrosslinkable Materials for 3D Bioprinting
Authors: Zhang Wen , Ye Wenbo , Yan Yunfeng
Published: August 2021

3D bioprinting integrating multidisciplinary advances in engineering, cell biology, and material science is able to fabricate artificial tissues and organ‐like structures with biology or clinic‐relevant size, shape, and structural integrity. Therefore, 3D bioprinting has huge potential in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Suitable bioink plays a key role in the modulation of the printing process, the properties, and functions of printed constructs. Herein, the advances in photocrosslinkable biomaterials are focused on, which have been proven as promising types of bioinks for 3D bioprinting. The general strategies of 3D bioprinting and the main mechanisms involved in photocrosslinking are first discussed. Then, the recent advances in photocrosslinkable bioinks including natural protein‐ and polysaccharide‐based materials, synthetic polymers, and decellularized extracellular matrix (dECM)‐based materials are highlighted. Finally, the ongoing challenges in the delicate balance between the printability and biological activities of photocrosslinkable biomaterials are discussed and the outlook for this emerging area is analyzed.
Electromagnetized Graphene Facilitates Direct Lineage Reprogramming into Dopaminergic Neurons
Authors: Chang Yujung , Yoo Junsang , Kim Junyeop , Hwang Yerim , Shim Gayong , Oh Yu‐Kyoung , Kim Jongpil
Published: August 2021

Graphene is a carbon nanomaterial that has unique characteristics, including ballistic conduction, thermal and electrical conductivity, and biocompatibility. It is emerging as a promising tool for controlling various cell behaviors, such as viability, development, and differentiation. Here, it is reported that the magnetized graphene nanosheets facilitate direct lineage reprogramming of induced dopaminergic (iDA) neurons. The graphene nanosheets are exposed to specific intensities and frequencies of electromagnetic fields, which lead to the accumulation of histone acetylation, including H3K27ac and H4K12ac, for the robust direct reprogramming of DA neurons. Remarkably, electromagnetized graphene nanosheet‐mediated in vivo reprogramming significantly enhances the generation of iDA neurons in the mouse models of Parkinson's disease (PD), which efficiently ameliorate PD symptoms. Taken together, the results provide evidence that magnetized graphene can be used as a novel therapeutic application for PD which expands the applications of graphene as biomaterials for regenerative therapeutics.
Two‐Dimensional Antimony‐Based Perovskite‐Inspired Materials for High‐Performance Self‐Powered Photodetectors
Authors: Mei Jianjun , Liu Maning , Vivo Paola , Pecunia Vincenzo
Published: August 2021

The ongoing Internet of Things revolution has led to strong demand for low‐cost, ubiquitous light sensing based on easy‐to‐fabricate, self‐powered photodetectors. While solution‐processable lead‐halide perovskites have raised significant hopes in this regard, toxicity concerns have prompted the search for safer, lead‐free perovskite‐inspired materials (PIMs) with similar optoelectronic potential. Antimony‐ and bismuth‐based PIMs are found particularly promising; however, their self‐powered photodetector performance to date has lagged behind the lead‐based counterparts. Aiming to realize the full potential of antimony‐based PIMs, this study examines, for the first time, the impact of their structural dimensionality on their self‐powered photodetection capabilities, with a focus on 2D Cs3Sb2I9−xClx and Rb3Sb2I9 and 0D Cs3Sb2I9. The 2D absorbers deliver cutting‐edge self‐powered photodetector performance, with a more‐than‐tenfold increase in external quantum efficiency (up to 55%), speed of response (>5 kHz), and linear dynamic range (>four orders of magnitude) compared to prior self‐powered A3M2X9 implementations (A+: monovalent cation; M3+: Sb3+/Bi3+; X−: halide anion). Detailed characterization reveals that such a performance boost originates from the superior carrier lifetimes and reduced exciton self‐trapping enabled by the 2D structure. By delivering cutting‐edge performance and mechanistic insight, this study represents an important step in lead‐free perovskite‐inspired optoelectronics toward self‐powered, ubiquitous light sensing.
One‐Pot Approach to Fe2+/Fe3+‐Based MOFs with Enhanced Catalytic Activity for Fenton Reaction
Authors: Meng Xin , Zhang Fan , Guo Huanling , Zhang Chunyang , Hu Hangtong , Wang Wei , Liu Jie , Shuai Xintao , Cao Zhong
Published: August 2021

Smart theragnostic nanoplatforms exhibit great promise in clinical tumor treatment. The Fe‐based Fenton reaction in tumor sites may generate reactive oxygen species to kill cancer cells with negligible side effects on normal tissues. However, its efficiency and duration are limited by the low intracellular concentration of H2O2, weak acidicity of tumor tissue, and low catalytic activity of conventional Fenton reagents. Herein, a facile strategy is proposed to efficiently overcome these obstacles. An efficient enzymatic/Fenton‐starvation nanoreactor PMs loaded with glucose oxidase and perfluoropentane (PGPMs) is constructed through synthesizing methoxy‐PEG‐carboxymethy‐modified iron (Fe2+/Fe3+)‐based metal–organic frameworks (PMs), followed by loading glucose oxidase (GOx) and perfluoropentane (PFP). PGPMs accumulating in the tumor tissue exhibit tumor microenvironment‐responsive biodegradable behavior and unusual catalytic activity for Fenton reaction advantageous over Fe3+‐based MOFs. Meanwhile, encapsulation of GOx into PGPMs further significantly increases the catalytic activity for Fenton reaction and also induces starvation therapy. PGPMs also exhibit considerable capabilities of ultrasound and tumor microenvironment‐responsive T2 MR imaging applicable for contrast‐enhanced diagnosis. Both in vitro and in vivo studies demonstrate the great diagnostic and therapeutic potentials of this nanoreactor in tumor.
Recent Advances in Block Copolymer Self‐Assembly for the Fabrication of Photonic Films and Pigments
Authors: Wang Zhen , Chan Chun Lam Clement , Zhao Tianheng H. , Parker Richard M. , Vignolini Silvia
Published: August 2021

The self‐assembly of block copolymers (BCPs) into photonic materials has drawn significant attention due to the flexibility and diversity of the building blocks that can be synthesized. This review provides a brief overview of the development of this research area and then discusses in detail recent advances in the use of BCPs as photonic pigments. In particular, the role of confinement upon the self‐assembly process to form well‐ordered lamellae is described and compared to correlated disordered structures derived from densely packed micelles. These systems respectively act as 1D (multilayered) photonic crystals and photonic glasses and are here critically compared in terms of their structural characteristics and optical performance. Finally, based on this understanding, the current challenges in this field are discussed and the potential for future developments is explored.
Flexible Conducting Composite Film with Reversible In‐Plane Folding–Unfolding Property
Authors: Sun Peiru , Ma Chuao , Chen Yong , Liu Hongliang
Published: August 2021

Flexible conducting films in the forms of bendability or stretchability are developed as a key component to enable soft electronics. With the requirements of miniaturization and portability of modern electronics, conducting film that can endure in‐plane shrinkage is urgently needed but still remains challenging. Here, a new type of conducting film achieving reversible in‐plane folding–unfolding function with large deformation by infusing conductive liquids into hierarchically structured polymer films consisting of both nanostructured polymer nanofibers and microstructured frames is reported. Nanostructured polymer nanofibers that can be completely wetted by the conductive liquids provide capillary forces to gain reversible in‐plane folding–unfolding property, while the microstructured frames greatly enhance the extent during folding–unfolding process. Conductivity of the produced films can be significantly improved by rationally tuning the composition of infused conductive liquids, which always keeps high values during the folding–unfolding deformation. It is believed that this work may serve as the basis for robust fabrication of flexible conducting films with reversible in‐plane folding–unfolding function, and can also put one‐step forward of modern soft electronics.
NbSe2 Meets C2N: A 2D‐2D Heterostructure Catalysts as Multifunctional Polysulfide Mediator in Ultra‐Long‐Life Lithium–Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Yang Dawei , Liang Zhifu , Zhang Chaoqi , Biendicho Jordi Jacas , Botifoll Marc , Spadaro Maria Chiara , Chen Qiulin , Li Mengyao , Ramon Alberto , Moghaddam Ahmad Ostovari , Llorca Jordi , Wang Jiaao , Morante Joan Ramon , Arbiol Jordi , Chou Shu‐Lei , Cabot Andreu
Published: August 2021

The shuttle effect and sluggish conversion kinetics of lithium polysulfides (LiPS) hamper the practical application of lithium–sulfur batteries (LSBs). Toward overcoming these limitations, herein an in situ grown C2N@NbSe2 heterostructure is presented with remarkable specific surface area, as a Li–S catalyst and LiPS absorber. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations and experimental results comprehensively demonstrate that C2N@NbSe2 is characterized by a suitable electronic structure and charge rearrangement that strongly accelerates the LiPS electrocatalytic conversion. In addition, heterostructured C2N@NbSe2 strongly interacts with LiPS species, confining them at the cathode. As a result, LSBs cathodes based on C2N@NbSe2/S exhibit a high initial capacity of 1545 mAh g−1 at 0.1 C. Even more excitingly, C2N@NbSe2/S cathodes are characterized by impressive cycling stability with only 0.012% capacity decay per cycle after 2000 cycles at 3 C. Even at a sulfur loading of 5.6 mg cm−2, a high areal capacity of 5.65 mAh cm−2 is delivered. These results demonstrate that C2N@NbSe2 heterostructures can act as multifunctional polysulfide mediators to chemically adsorb LiPS, accelerate Li‐ion diffusion, chemically catalyze LiPS conversion, and lower the energy barrier for Li2S precipitation/decomposition, realizing the “adsorption‐diffusion‐conversion” of polysulfides.
Age variation in blood pressure: Rural–urban and sex differences among the Hmar adults of Manipur, Northeast India
Authors: Lalnuneng Abigail
Published: August 2021

Background

Increase in blood pressure (BP) is thought to be an unavoidable consequence of ageing but in secluded communities and in rural areas this is not the case.

Aims

The present study aims to examine blood pressure response with age across place of residence and sex; the prevalence of hypertension in relation to place of residence and sex; and to find out the relative importance of biological and behavioural factors as risk factors for hypertension among the Hmar adults (17 to 70 years of age) of Manipur, Northeast India.

Materials and Methods

A cross‐sectional sample was collected on 1207 Hmars adults residing in rural and urban settings in Manipur, Northeast India. Demographic data, blood pressure, height, weight and behavioural factors were collected.

Results

Blood pressure significantly increases with an increasing age and this trend is more pronounced in urban settings compared to rural settings. The overall prevalence of hypertension in the present study is about 21 per cent. Urban Hmar males, rural and urban Hmar females who are ≥ 45 years of age show significantly higher risk of developing hypertension compared to their counterparts who are < 45 years of age, but the same is not observed in Hmar males from rural areas. Males show significantly higher odds of developing hypertension compared to females in both the settings. Obesity is the strongest predictor of hypertension in both the place of residence and sexes.

Discussion and Conclusion

The present study confirms that population blood pressure does not show a marked increase with increasing age in traditional/rural areas which is clearly perceptible in Hmar men. It also strengthen the case that urban residence, men, increasing age and overweight and/or obese significantly increases the odds of developing hypertension.
Entschlüsselung der ligandeninduzierten Verdrehung eines homodimeren Enzyms mit Hilfe der gepulsten Elektron‐Elektron‐Doppelresonanz‐Spektroskopie
Authors: Nguyen Dzung , Abdullin Dinar , Heubach Caspar A. , Pfaffeneder Toni , Nguyen Andreas , Heine Andreas , Reuter Klaus , Diederich François , Schiemann Olav , Klebe Gerhard
Published: August 2021

Mechanistische Erkenntnisse über Protein‐Ligand‐Wechselwirkungen können chemische Werkzeuge für die Modulation von Proteinfunktionen liefern und deren Einsatz zu therapeutischen Zwecken ermöglichen. Für das homodimere Enzym tRNA‐Guanin‐Transglycosylase (TGT), eine virulenzrelevante Zielstruktur der Shigellose, wurde kristallographisch gezeigt, dass die Bindung bestimmter Liganden die funktionale Dimergeometrie in eine katalytisch‐inkompetente verdrehte Geometrie umwandelt. Die kristallographische Beobachtung beider Endzustände beweist jedoch weder die ligandeninduzierte Umwandlung zwischen beiden Dimerformen in Lösung noch gibt sie Aufschluss über den zugrunde liegenden Umwandlungsmechanismus. Wir sind diesen Fragen mit einem Ansatz nachgegangen, der ortsspezifische Spinmarkierung (SDSL) mit Abstandsmessungen auf der Grundlage der gepulsten Elektron‐Elektron‐Doppelresonanz‐Spektroskopie (PELDOR oder DEER) kombiniert. Wir beobachteten ein Gleichgewicht zwischen dem funktionalen und dem verdrehten Dimer, das von der chemischen Struktur des Liganden abhängt, wobei ein Pyranose‐substituierter Ligand das Gleichgewicht am stärksten in Richtung des verdrehten Dimers verschiebt. Unsere Experimente deuten auf einen Dissoziations‐Assoziations‐Mechanismus für die Bildung des verdrehten Dimers bei Ligandenbindung hin.
Three‐Dimensional Radical Covalent Organic Frameworks as Highly Efficient and Stable Catalysts for Selective Oxidation of Alcohols
Authors: Chen Fengqian , Guan Xinyu , Li Hui , Ding Jiehua , Zhu Liangkui , Tang Bin , Valtchev Valentin , Yan Yushan , Qiu Shilun , Fang Qianrong
Published: August 2021

With excellent designability, large accessible inner surface, and high chemical stability, covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are promising candidates as metal‐free heterogeneous catalysts. Here, we report two 3D radical‐based COFs (JUC‐565 and JUC‐566) in which radical moieties (TEMPO) are uniformly decorated on the channel walls via a bottom‐up approach. Based on grafted functional groups and suitable regular channels, these materials open up the application of COFs as highly efficient and selective metal‐free redox catalysts in aerobic oxidation of alcohols to relevant aldehydes or ketones with outstanding turn over frequency (TOF) up to 132 h−1, which has exceeded other TEMPO‐modified catalytic materials tested under similar conditions. These stable COF‐based catalysts could be easily recovered and reused for multiple runs. This study promotes potential applications of 3D functional COFs anchored with stable radicals in organic synthesis and material science.
Implanting Numerous Hydrogen‐Bonding Networks in a Cu‐Porphyrin‐Based Nanosheet to Boost CH4 Selectivity in Neutral‐Media CO2 Electroreduction
Authors: Wang Yi‐Rong , Liu Ming , Gao Guang‐Kuo , Yang Yi‐Lu , Yang Ru‐Xin , Ding Hui‐Min , Chen Yifa , Li Shun‐Li , Lan Ya‐Qian
Published: August 2021

The exploration of novel systems for the electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) for the production of hydrocarbons like CH4 remains a giant challenge. Well‐designed electrocatalysts with advantages like proton generation/transferring and intermediate‐fixating for efficient CO2RR are much preferred yet largely unexplored. In this work, a kind of Cu‐porphyrin‐based large‐scale (≈1.5 μm) and ultrathin nanosheet (≈5 nm) has been successfully applied in electrochemical CO2RR. It exhibits a superior FE
of 70 % with a high current density (−183.0 mA cm−2) at −1.6 V under rarely reported neutral conditions and maintains FE
>51 % over a wide potential range (−1.5 to −1.7 V) in a flow cell. The high performance can be attributed to the construction of numerous hydrogen‐bonding networks through the integration of diaminotriazine with Cu‐porphyrin, which is beneficial for proton migration and intermediate stabilization, as supported by DFT calculations. This work paves a new way in exploring hydrogen‐bonding‐based materials as efficient CO2RR catalysts.
Enantio‐ and Regioselective Palladium(II)‐Catalyzed Dioxygenation of (Aza‐)Alkenols
Authors: Giofrè Sabrina , Molteni Letizia , Nava Donatella , Lo Presti Leonardo , Beccalli Egle Maria
Published: August 2021

An oxidative Pd‐catalyzed intra‐intermolecular dioxygenation of (aza‐)alkenols has been reported, with total regioselectivity. To study the stereoselectivity, different chiral ligands as well as different hypervalent‐iodine compounds have been compared. In particular, by using a C‐6 modified pyridinyl‐oxazoline (Pyox) ligand and hypervalent iodine bearing an aromatic ring, an excellent enantio‐ and diastereoselectivity has been achieved.
Inhibition of S. aureus Infection of Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells (HUVECs) by Trehalose‐ and Glucose‐Functionalized Gold Nanoparticles
Authors: Li Yimeng , Ariotti Nicholas , Aghaei Behnaz , Pandzic Elvis , Ganda Sylvia , Willcox Mark , Sanchez‐Felix Manuel , Stenzel Martina
Published: August 2021

Microbial adhesion to host cells represents the initial step in the infection process. Several methods have been explored to inhibit microbial adhesion including the use of glycopolymers based on mannose, galactose, sialic acid and glucose. These sugar receptors are, however, abundant in the body, and are not unique to bacteria. Trehalose, in contrast, is a unique disaccharide that is widely expressed by microbes. This carbohydrate has not yet been explored as an anti‐adhesive agent. Herein, gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) coated with trehalose‐based polymers were prepared and compared to glucose‐functionalized AuNPs and examined for their ability to prevent binding to endothelial cells. Acting as anti‐adhesive agents, trehalose‐functionalized NPs decreased the binding of S. aureus to HUVECs, while outperforming the control NPs. Microscopy revealed that trehalose‐coated NPs bound strongly to S. aureus compared to the controls. In conclusion, nanoparticles based on trehalose could be a non‐toxic alternative to inhibit S. aureus infection.
Unraveling a Ligand‐Induced Twist of a Homodimeric Enzyme by Pulsed Electron–Electron Double Resonance
Authors: Nguyen Dzung , Abdullin Dinar , Heubach Caspar A. , Pfaffeneder Toni , Nguyen Andreas , Heine Andreas , Reuter Klaus , Diederich François , Schiemann Olav , Klebe Gerhard
Published: August 2021

Mechanistic insights into protein–ligand interactions can yield chemical tools for modulating protein function and enable their use for therapeutic purposes. For the homodimeric enzyme tRNA‐guanine transglycosylase (TGT), a putative virulence target of shigellosis, ligand binding has been shown by crystallography to transform the functional dimer geometry into an incompetent twisted one. However, crystallographic observation of both end states does neither verify the ligand‐induced transformation of one dimer into the other in solution nor does it shed light on the underlying transformation mechanism. We addressed these questions in an approach that combines site‐directed spin labeling (SDSL) with distance measurements based on pulsed electron–electron double resonance (PELDOR or DEER) spectroscopy. We observed an equilibrium between the functional and twisted dimer that depends on the type of ligand, with a pyranose‐substituted ligand being the most potent one in shifting the equilibrium toward the twisted dimer. Our experiments suggest a dissociation–association mechanism for the formation of the twisted dimer upon ligand binding.
Fabrication and characterization of electrospun nanofibers of Hypophthalmichthys molitrix sarcoplasmic protein recovered by acid‐chitosan flocculation coupling treatment
Authors: Zhou Wenyan , Deng Hongbin , Xiong Shanbai , Huang Qilin
Published: August 2021

Fish sarcoplasmic proteins (FSP) account for 20%–40% of the muscle protein and its high‐value utilization has become an urgent problem to be solved. Here, directly freeze‐dried sarcoplasmic protein (DFSP) and chitosan flocculated sarcoplasmic protein (CFSP) nanofibers were successfully fabricated by electrospinning technology and characterized in terms of morphology, chemical interaction, surface and mechanical properties, and thermal stability. SDS‐PAGE indicated similar protein bands for both DFSP and CFSP. Scanning electron microscopy observation showed good spinnability for CFSP and DFSP. Fourier transform infrared spectrometry and X‐ray diffraction results unveiled an interaction between sarcoplasmic protein and chitosan in CFSP nannofiber. Furthermore, CFSP nanofiber exhibited better performance than DFSP nanofiber in surface hydrophobicity, thermal stability, elasticity and flexibility. These results suggest the potential application of FSP nanofiber in functional components or drugs delivery, contributing to high‐value utilization of FSP.
A new perfusion mode of culture for WJ‐MSCs expansion in a stirred and online monitored bioreactor
Authors: Sion Caroline , Ghannoum Dima , Ebel Bruno , Gallo Fanny , de Isla Natalia , Guedon Emmanuel , Chevalot Isabelle , Olmos Eric
Published: August 2021

As a clinical dose requires a minimum of 106 cells per kilogram of patients, it is, therefore, crucial to develop a scalable method of production of Wharton Jelly mesenchymal stem cells (WJ‐MSCs) with maintained inner characteristics. Scalable expansion of WJ‐MSCs on microcarriers usually found in cell culture, involves specific cell detachment using trypsin and could have harmful effects on cells. In this study, the performance of batch, fed‐batch, and perfused‐continuous mode of culture were compared. The batch and fed‐batch modes resulted in expansion factors of 5 and 43, respectively. The perfused‐continuous mode strategy consisted of the implementation of a settling tube inside the bioreactor. The diameter of the tube was calculated to maintain microcarriers colonized by cells in the bioreactor whereas empty microcarriers (responsible for potentially damaging collisions) were removed, using a continuous flow rate based on MSCs physiological requirements. Thanks to this strategy, a maximal number of 800 million cells was obtained in a 1.5 L bioreactor in 10 days. Lastly, online dielectric spectroscopy was implemented in the bioreactor and indicated that cell growth could be monitored during the culture.
The antitumor mechanisms of aerobic exercise: A review of recent preclinical studies
Authors: Jia Ningxin , Zhou Yanan , Dong Xiaosheng , Ding Meng
Published: August 2021

Aerobic exercise is an important non‐pharmacological means of antitumor intervention, but related mechanisms are poorly understood. In this review, previous studies are summarized from the aspects of tumor oxygenation, autophagy versus apoptosis, and organismal immunity. Current findings on the antitumor effects of aerobic exercise involve AMPK signaling, PI3K/Akt signaling, Th1/Th2 cytokine balance related to immunity, PD‐1/PD‐L1 immunosuppressive signaling, and related cytokine pathways. Several directions for further research are proposed, including whether newly discovered subgroups of cytokines influence the effects of aerobic exercise on tumors, tailoring corresponding exercise prescriptions based on the bidirectional effects of certain cytokines at different stages, identifying the potential effects of exercise time and intensity, and elucidating details of the unclear mechanisms. Through the discussion of the existing data, we hope to provide new ideas for the future research of exercise therapy.
Community‐acquired Klebsiella pneumoniae systemic infection complicated with rhombencephalitis
Authors: Stanca Delia‐Maria , Șereș Daniela Larisa , Ruscă Mihaela , Achim Andra , Mureșanu Dafin Fior
Published: August 2021

Rhombencephalitis is a rapidly progressing disease that should be taken into consideration in a patient with abrupt onset of cerebellar ataxia with rapid neurologic deterioration (tetraparesis, coma) after vascular etiology has been ruled out.
Isomerization of Functionalized Olefins by Using the Dinuclear Catalyst [PdI(μ‐Br)(PtBu3)]2: A Mechanistic Study
Authors: Koley Debasis , De Sriman , Sivendran Nardana , Gooßen Lukas J.
Published: August 2021

In a combined experimental and computational study, the isomerization activity of the dinuclear palladium(I) complex [PdI(μ‐Br)(PtBu3)]2 towards allyl arenes, esters, amides, ethers, and alcohols has been investigated. The calculated energy profiles for catalyst activation for two alternative dinuclear and mononuclear catalytic cycles, and for catalyst deactivation are in good agreement with the experimental results. Comparison of experimentally observed E/Z ratios at incomplete conversion with calculated kinetic selectivities revealed that a substantial amount of product must form via the dinuclear pathway, in which the isomerization is promoted cooperatively by two palladium centers. The dissociation barrier towards mononuclear Pd species is relatively high, and once the catalyst enters the energetically more favorable mononuclear pathway, only a low barrier has to be overcome towards irreversible deactivation.
Peanut allergy: Beyond the oral immunotherapy plateau
Authors: Bruton Kelly , Spill Paul , Chu Derek K. , Waserman Susan , Jordana Manel
Published: August 2021

Background

There are a lack of disease‐modifying treatments for peanut allergy, which is lifelong in most instances. Oral immunotherapy has remained at the forefront of prospective treatments, though its efficacy is consistently undermined by the risk of adverse reactions and meager sustained effects.

Aim

This review discusses the current state of oral immunotherapy, its strengths and limitations, and the future of therapeutics for the treatment of peanut allergy.

Conclusion

The persistence of peanut allergy is currently attributed to reservoirs of peanut‐specific memory B cells and Th2 cells, though the cellular and molecular interplay that facilitates the replenishment of peanut‐specific IgE remains elusive. Uncovering these events will prove critical for identification of novel targets as we forge ahead to a new age of peanut allergy treatment with biotherapeutics.
Discrete Hughes‐Hartogs optimized dual vector handoff for spectrum management in cognitive radio networks
Authors: Kalpana Devi M. , Umamaheswari K.
Published: August 2021

Cognitive radio network (CRN) has occupied rich awareness on amazing potentiality of spectrum utilization for the secondary users. In CRN, effective spectrum management has received more attention by increasing number of communication devices and several techniques have been evolved in recent years. However, efficient spectrum sensing with minimum delay reducing number of spectrum handoffs and maximum throughputs are some of the major challenges to be addressed. In this proposed work, discrete Hughes‐Hartogs optimal and dual vector spectrum management (DHHO‐DVSM) in CRN are used for effective utilization of channel selection. The expected maximization Q channel selection is designed to obtain an efficient idle channels for improved transmission of the secondary user. The optimal channel is attained by the number of idle channels maintained from the Q channel selection list. Based on each SU requests, discrete Hughes‐Hartogs particle swarm optimal channel selection is proposed to find the best channel by computing the fitness function for discrete factor. Finally, dual constraints‐based vector spectrum handoff model is proposed to produce the hyper plane based on the probability conditional factors with the objective of minimizing the number of handoffs for secondary users. The simulation result shows that the proposed method has transparent edges over conventional channel selection models. In addition, results are verified to learn the optimal channel selection with minimal sensing delay, increasing throughput and minimal handoffs. The proposed algorithm DHHO‐DVSM is 22.8% comparatively better than E‐CRNs and 41% improvement than SpecPSO.
Does lake eutrophication support biological invasions in rivers? A study on Dreissena polymorpha (Bivalvia) in lake–river ecotones
Authors: Czerniawski Robert , Krepski Tomasz
Published: August 2021

The zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha) has all traits required to effectively colonize the aquatic environment and consequently reduce the diversity of native bivalves. We hypothesized that the zebra mussel chooses lake outlets characterized by medium current velocity and good food conditions. Here, we analyzed differences between bivalve abundances in lake outlets with varying environmental conditions such as the Carlson Index (trophy status), depth, width, current velocity, bed vegetation coverage, and type of bottom substrate. The results showed that the zebra mussel inhabits outlets that provide food (high trophy outlets) and have a mineral bed and a medium current velocity (ca. 0.2–0.3 m/s). The following main factors seem to be favorable for colonizing such outlets: (1) easy access to high amounts of food due to the increased density of the suspension drifting from the lake and (2) easy transport of the zebra mussel larvae from the lake to the downstream. The zebra mussel larvae drifting with the current may colonize the downstream. An increase in lake trophy may indirectly cause an increase in biological invasions in rivers.
Keeping immune checkpoint inhibitor myocarditis in check: advanced circulatory mechanical support as a bridge to recovery
Authors: Stein‐Merlob Ashley F. , Hsu Jeffrey J. , Colton Bradley , Berg Christopher J. , Ferreira Allison , Price Megan M. , Wainberg Zev , Baas Arnold S. , Deng Mario C. , Parikh Rushi V. , Yang Eric H.
Published: August 2021

Immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI)‐associated myocarditis is a rare, potentially life‐threatening complication of immunotherapy. We report a case of a 60‐year‐old female with a history of colorectal cancer treated with nivolumab immunotherapy who presented with new cardiomyopathy complicated by cardiogenic shock and ventricular arrhythmias. Treatment of ICI‐associated myocarditis requires aggressive immunosuppression and supportive therapy. In this case, the patient required advanced mechanical circulatory support as a bridge to recovery. This case highlights the complexity of diagnosis, haemodynamic management, and treatment of fulminant ICI myocarditis.
HFIP‐Promoted Substitution in the Ferrocene Series: Smooth Approach towards Original Catalysts**
Authors: Erb William , Carré Victor , Roisnel Thierry
Published: August 2021

Pseudo‐benzylic substitution is an important reaction in the ferrocene series, especially to obtain ligands for catalysis. Herein, we described new reactions conditions, using fluorinated alcohols as both solvent and promoter, able to deliver iodoferrocene derivatives faster than using classical solvents. Various N, O, P and C‐nucleophiles were found compatible with this transformation which occurs with full retention of stereochemistry. Original P,N‐ligands were prepared by using iodine/lithium exchange‐chlorophoshine trapping sequences, and their properties were evaluated in Suzuki‐Miyaura and Buchwald‐Hartwig coupling as well as in ketone α‐arylation reaction.
Protocol stack virtualization support in IoT
Authors: Herrero Rolando
Published: August 2021

Massive IoT scenarios involve a huge number of devices where deployment, provisioning, and configuration are carried out without any human intervention. Well‐known mechanisms of resource discovery and management attempt to enable some of this functionality typically associated with zero‐configuration schemes. In this article, we explore the novel use of protocol stack virtualization (PSV) to provide flexibility in the deployment and management of constrained sensors, actuators, and controllers in massive IoT access networks. Specifically, these devices exhibit low power consumption that limits processor computational capabilities and transmission rates that affect, among other things, deployment and maintenance. In this scenario, we present and analyze an end‐to‐end PSV massive IoT solution. We describe the different building blocks, their interaction, and what role they play as part of the overall mechanism. Additionally, we focus on the performance of the solution by looking at how network impairments, like packet loss and latency, affect deployment of the virtualized protocol stacks.
Speed of institutional change and subsidiary performance: The moderating impact of home and host country learning
Authors: Fuentelsaz Lucio , Garrido Elisabet , González Minerva
Published: August 2021

Research summary

This research examines the role played by home and host country learning in the relationship between the speed of institutional change and subsidiary performance. We posit a negative relationship between the speed of institutional change in the host country and subsidiary performance. We also argue that this relationship is contingent on the institutional learning that parent multinationals (MNEs) have previously attained in other countries. By integrating the dynamic institution‐based view and the organizational learning literature, our analysis highlights the key role that abilities and skills developed by MNEs to face rapid institutional changes have on the host countries in which they operate. We test our theoretical model using a sample of 342 subsidiaries from 68 MNEs operating in emerging and developed economies during 2001–2017.

Managerial summary

MNEs regularly face institutional changes in both home and host countries. However, institutions evolve at different speeds. According to previous studies, the performance of subsidiaries is threatened when institutional changes happen quickly. MNEs need to develop the ability to help their subsidiaries face changes immediately and with no loss of performance. Our research shows that MNEs can learn from prior rapid institutional changes in the home and host countries and transfer this knowledge to their subsidiaries so that they can be more equipped to deal with it in the future.
YAP‐TEAD mediates PPAR α–induced hepatomegaly and liver regeneration in mice
Authors: Fan Shicheng , Gao Yue , Qu Aijuan , Jiang Yiming , Li Hua , Xie Guomin , Yao Xinpeng , Yang Xiao , Zhu Shuguang , Yagai Tomoki , Tian Jianing , Wang Ruimin , Gonzalez Frank J. , Huang Min , Bi Huichang
Published: August 2021

Background and Aims

Peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor α (PPARα, NR1C1) is a ligand‐activated nuclear receptor involved in the regulation of lipid catabolism and energy homeostasis. PPARα activation induces hepatomegaly and plays an important role in liver regeneration, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear.

Approach and Results

In this study, the effect of PPARα activation on liver enlargement and regeneration was investigated in several strains of genetically modified mice. PPARα activation by the specific agonist WY‐14643 significantly induced hepatomegaly and accelerated liver regeneration after 70% partial hepatectomy (PHx) in wild‐type mice and Ppara
fl/fl mice, while these effects were abolished in hepatocyte‐specific Ppara‐deficient (Ppara
ΔHep) mice. Moreover, PPARα activation promoted hepatocyte hypertrophy around the central vein area and hepatocyte proliferation around the portal vein area. Mechanistically, PPARα activation regulated expression of yes‐associated protein (YAP) and its downstream targets (connective tissue growth factor, cysteine‐rich angiogenic inducer 61, and ankyrin repeat domain 1) as well as proliferation‐related proteins (cyclins A1, D1, and E1). Binding of YAP with the PPARα E domain was critical for the interaction between YAP and PPARα. PPARα activation further induced nuclear translocation of YAP. Disruption of the YAP–transcriptional enhancer factor domain family member (TEAD) association significantly suppressed PPARα‐induced hepatomegaly and hepatocyte enlargement and proliferation. In addition, PPARα failed to induce hepatomegaly in adeno‐associated virus–Yap short hairpin RNA–treated mice and liver‐specific Yap‐deficient mice. Blockade of YAP signaling abolished PPARα‐induced hepatocyte hypertrophy around the central vein area and hepatocyte proliferation around the portal vein area.

Conclusions

This study revealed a function of PPARα in regulating liver size and liver regeneration through activation of the YAP–TEAD signaling pathway. These findings have implications for understanding the physiological functions of PPARα and suggest its potential for manipulation of liver size and liver regeneration.
Clinical symptoms of anxiety disorders as predictors of political attitudes: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Helminen Vilja , Elovainio Marko , Jokela Markus
Published: August 2021

Conservative political ideologies have been suggested to correlate with elevated sensitivity to threat. However, it is unclear whether the associations between threat sensitivity and political attitudes can be observed with clinical measures of mental health. We examined how anxiety disorders predicted attitudes on several political issues. Participants were 7253 individuals from the 1958 British Birth Cohort study. Symptoms of generalised anxiety disorder, phobia and panic were assessed in a clinical interview at age 44, and opinions about political issues were self‐reported by the participants 6 years later. Anxiety symptoms were associated with higher concerns about economic inequality, preservation of the environment, distrust in politics and lower work ethic. No associations were observed with racist or authoritarian attitudes, or support for traditional family values. We also assessed how political attitudes at ages 33 and 42 predicted anxiety disorder symptoms at age 44, revealing a possible bidirectional association between concern for economic inequality and anxiety disorder symptoms. These findings do not support an association between conservative political attitudes and elevated threat sensitivity. Rather, elevated anxiety may increase concerns about social inequality and the environment.
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Authors: Yi Yuyang , Ma Hao , Lian Xueyu , Mei Qingqing , Zeng Zhihan , Zhao Yu , Lu Chen , Zhao Wen , Guo Wenyue , Liu Zhongfan , Sun Jingyu
Published: August 2021

N‐doped carbon nanopolyhedron@nanosheet composite produced by a salt‐confined route harnesses 3D porous framework, dual‐carbon architecture and harmonized nitrogen content, accordingly enabling excellent potassium ion storage toward the construction of high‐performance potassium‐ion hybrid capacitor device. (DOI: 10.1002/inf2.12225)

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New Insights Into Osteoclast Biology
Authors: McDonald Michelle Maree , Kim Albert Sungsoo , Mulholland Bridie S , Rauner Martina
Published: August 2021

Osteoclasts are multinucleated cells that are characterized by their unique ability to resorb large quantities of bone. Therefore, they are frequently the target of therapeutic interventions to ameliorate bone loss. In an adult organism, osteoclasts derive from hematopoietic stem cells and differentiate into osteoclasts within a multistep process under the influence of macrophage colony‐stimulating factor (M‐CSF) and receptor activator of NF‐κB ligand (RANKL). Historically, the osteoclast life cycle has been defined as linear, whereby lineage‐committed mononuclear precursors fuse to generate multinucleated highly specialized and localized bone phagocytic cells, which then undergo apoptosis within weeks. Recent advances through lineage tracing, single cell RNA sequencing, parabiosis, and intravital imaging approaches have challenged this dogma, revealing they have greater longevity and the capacity to circulate and undergo cell recycling. Indeed, these new insights highlight that under homeostatic conditions very few incidences of osteoclast apoptosis occur. More importantly, as we revisit the formation and fate of the osteoclast, novel methods to target osteoclast biology in bone pathology and regeneration are emerging. This review briefly summarizes the historical life cycle of osteoclasts and highlights recent discoveries made through advanced methodologies, which have led to a paradigm shift in osteoclast biology. These findings are discussed in light of both existing and emerging bone targeted therapeutics, bone pathologies, and communication between osteoclasts and cells resident in bone or at distant sites. © 2021 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
The role of exosomes from BALF in lung disease
Authors: Liu Ziyu , Yan Jiaqing , Tong Lingling , Liu Shouyue , Zhang Ying
Published: August 2021

Exosomes are released from a variety of immune cells and nonimmune cells, the phospholipid vesicle bilayer membrane structure actively secreted into tissues. Recently, exosomes were demonstrated to be effectively delivered proteins, cholesterol, lipids, and amounts of DNA, mRNA, and noncoding RNAs to a target cell or tissue from a host cell. These can be detected in blood, urine, exhaled breath condensates, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), ascites, and cerebrospinal fluid. BALF is a clinical examination method for obtaining alveolar cells and biochemical components, reflecting changes in the lungs, so it is also called liquid biopsy. Exosomes from BALF become a new method for intercellular communication and well‐documented in various pulmonary diseases. In chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), BALF exosomes can predict the degree of COPD damage and serve as an effective monitoring indicator for airflow limitation and airway remodeling. It also mediates antigen presentation in the airways to the adaptive immune system as well as costimulatory effects. Furthermore, BALF exosomes from acute lung injury and infective diseases are closely related to various infections and lack of oxygen status. BALF exosomes play an important role in the diagnosis and prognosis of lung cancer. The effect of immunomodulatory role for BALF exosomes in adaptive and innate immune responses has been studied in sarcoidosis. The intercellular communication in the microenvironment of BALF exosomes in pulmonary fibrosis and lung remodeling have been studied. In this review, we summarize the novel findings of exosomes in BALF, executed function by protein, miRNA, DNA cytokine, and so on in several pulmonary diseases.