bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Accurate human genome analysis with Element Avidity sequencing
Authors: Carroll Andrew , Kolesnikov Alexey , Cook Daniel E. , Brambrink Lucas , Wiseman Kelly N. , Billings Sophie M. , Kruglyak Semyon , Lajoie Bryan R. , Zhao June , Levy Shawn E. , McLean Cory Y. , Shafin Kishwar , Nattestad Maria , Chang Pi-Chuan
Published: August 2023

We investigate the new sequencing technology Avidity from Element Biosciences. We show that Element whole genome sequencing achieves higher mapping and variant calling accuracy compared to Illumina sequencing at the same coverage, with larger differences at lower coverages (20x-30x). We quantify base error rates of Element reads, finding lower error rates, especially in homopolymer and tandem repeat regions. We use Element’s ability to generate paired end sequencing with longer insert sizes than typical short–read sequencing. We show that longer insert sizes result in even higher accuracy, with long insert Element sequencing giving noticeably more accurate genome analyses at all coverages.
Engineering a SyntheticEscherichia coliCoculture for Compartmentalizedde novoBiosynthesis of Isobutyl Butyrate from Mixed Sugars
Authors: Seo Hyeongmin , Castro Gillian , Trinh Cong T.
Published: August 2023

Short-chain esters are versatile chemicals with use as flavors, fragrances, solvents, and fuels. Thede novoester biosynthesis consists of diverging and converging pathway submodules, which is challenging to engineer to achieve optimal metabolic fluxes and selective product synthesis. Compartmentalizing the pathway submodules into specialist cells that facilitate pathway modularization and labor division can present a promising solution. Here, we engineered a syntheticEscherichia colicoculture with the compartmentalized sugar utilization and ester biosynthesis pathways to produce isobutyl butyrate from a mixture of glucose and xylose. To compartmentalize the sugar-utilizing pathway submodules, we engineered a xylose-utilizingE. colispecialist that selectively consumes xylose over glucose and bypasses the carbon catabolite repression (CCR) while leveraging the native CCR machinery to activate a glucose-utilizingE. colispecialist. Upon compartmentalizing the isobutyl butyrate pathway submodules into these sugar-utilizing specialist cells, a robust synthetic coculture could be engineered to selectively produce isobutyl butyrate at a level of 392 mg/L, about 31-fold higher than the monoculture.
NanoPyx: super-fast bioimage analysis powered by adaptive machine learning
Authors: Saraiva Bruno M. , Cunha Inês M. , Brito António D. , Follain Gautier , Portela Raquel , Haase Robert , Pereira Pedro M. , Jacquemet Guillaume , Henriques Ricardo
Published: August 2023

To overcome the challenges posed by large and complex microscopy datasets, we have developed NanoPyx, an adaptive bioimage analysis framework designed for high-speed processing. At the core of NanoPyx is the Liquid Engine, an agent-based machine-learning system that predicts acceleration strategies for image analysis tasks. Unlike traditional single-algorithm methods, the Liquid Engine generates multiple CPU and GPU code variations using a meta-programming system, creating a competitive environment where different algorithms are benchmarked against each other to achieve optimal performance under the user”s computational environment. In initial experiments focusing on super-resolution analysis methods, the Liquid Engine demonstrated an over 10-fold computational speed improvement by accurately predicting the ideal scenarios to switch between algorithmic implementations. NanoPyx is accessible to users through a Python library, code-free Jupyter notebooks, and a napari plugin, making it suitable for individuals regardless of their coding proficiency. Furthermore, the optimisation principles embodied by the Liquid Engine have broader implications, extending their applicability to various high-performance computing fields.
Pandemic narratives of library and information centers in Baguio-Benguet
Authors: Balbin Daniel Jr Soriano , Lascano Elizabeth Allan
Published: August 2023

Purpose

The study aims to determine the extent of COVID-19’s impact on the libraries and information centers within Benguet. It identified the key differences in the effect of the pandemic on each type of library: public, special, school and academic. It recalled and documented the challenges faced by libraries and librarians. It determined which aspects of their library were affected and how they were modified in terms of their policies, personnel, physical space, services, collection, infodemic response and marketing.

Design/methodology/approach

The study used the qualitative descriptive method approach, specifically narrative research design and conducted online focus group discussions in which 14 librarians with managerial or supervisory functions participated. This method was used to explore the topic holistically by using qualitative inquiry. It best suited the purpose of fully understanding the experiences of libraries during the pandemic. The recorded online focus group discussions conducted through Zoom were reviewed and analyzed to identify key themes and responses from the participants. The themes identified from the thematic analysis were further validated with the participants through correspondence, chats or e-mails.

Findings

The findings showed that libraries were faced with challenges brought on by the lack of a written policy for the pandemic response, a lack of information communication and technology skills and resources, strict requirements on physical setup for pandemic compliance, budget cuts or realignments and delayed procurement, misinformation and users’ lack of awareness of the new services offered by the library.

Research limitations/implications

The study focused on the pandemic experiences of libraries and information centers in Baguio-Benguet, which was hailed as a model for local pandemic response, through the lenses of librarians with supervisory roles or functions.

Practical implications

Libraries could reflect on their experiences in this pandemic to plan for future strategies that would be best implemented in situations where face-to-face services are not allowed.

Originality/value

This study presented various best practices from different library institutions that could be emulated in the future. Many of these are still relevant regardless library services are going back to normal.
Huawei smartphone business competition – fighting, surrendering, winning or losing?
Authors: Wonglimpiyarat Jarunee
Published: August 2023

Learning outcomes

This case study is focused on strategic management of Huawei in sustaining the competitive position in the smartphone market. The discussions in the case study begins with the big picture of “Made in China 2025” policy and China’s 14th Five-Year Plan 2021–2025 attempting to change the country’s image from imitation to innovation. The case study then focuses on Huawei, the major provider of network equipment and smartphones, with the alignment of the national policy. The case demonstrates the difficulties faced by Huawei as a result of US ban. The students are challenged to perform in-depth discussions on various issues guided by the instructor using this Teaching Note. The teaching objectives are as follows: students should be able to analyse Huawei business environment and its strategic capabilities in the smartphone market; students should be able to evaluate the extent to which the effects of US sanction would have on Huawei smartphone operation; and students should be able to evaluate the strategies for Huawei to regain a leading position and achieve competitive advantage in the global smartphone market.

Case overview/synopsis

Huawei is the leading company in the information and communications technology (ICT) sector. Ren Zhengfei, Chief Executive Officer (CEO) of Huawei, has set the vision of building a global company that could rival the best in the world. Huawei’s heavy investments in research and development (R&D) have brought the company to be a leading brand in the international market. Huawei was charged as a security threat by the Donald Trump administration in 2019. The USA and its allies banned Huawei products, causing the smartphone shipments plummeted dramatically. The case presents a protagonist, Ren Zhengfei, CEO of Huawei, who built the business from a small company to a leading global ICT company. The growth of Huawei was struck by the US sanction with the supply chain being disrupted by a shortage of advanced chip technology to run the smartphone business. The dilemma addressed in this case study is concerned with how Ren Zhengfei could steer the company out of the crisis.

Complexity academic level

This case study was written for use in the courses of Innovation Management and Technology Strategy. The case is designed to support learning at various levels including the graduate, postgraduate and executive classes. Apart from the guided questions (assignment questions provided in the next section), the instructors should consider which specific areas of Huawei should be further explored to support the class discussions to benefit the students at different levels.

Supplementary materials

Teaching notes are available for educators only.

Subject code

CCS 11: Strategy.
How does online employee training enhance organizational growth? The benefits of integrating educational technology into workplace learning
Authors: Zhang Xinlei , Wu Hechao , Huang Xiaoshan , Wu Qin , Wu Yihua
Published: August 2023

Purpose

Online learning becomes a trendy format for workplace training, particularly during the pandemic. This study aims to examine the effects of a technology-assisted self-adaptive training camp on employees’ learning process and acquired knowledge, and the relationship between employees’ knowledge gained and organisational growth.

Design/methodology/approach

The participants were 213 pharmaceutical representatives from a global pharmaceutical business in the Asia-Pacific branch who enrolled in a 21-day professional training camp. Their knowledge gained was calculated by pre-tests and post-test scores captured from an online training system. The company’s profits gained by employees were indicated by individuals’ quarter-over-quarter growth rates. Specifically, the authors applied a series of quantitative analyses to examine the relationship between employees’ knowledge gained, learning quality and organizational growth brought by individuals.

Findings

During the online training session, employees obtained increased professional knowledge significantly. The quality of employees’ learning process was a significant predictor of their learning outcomes. In addition, a positive correlation was found between the knowledge obtained by employees and the company’s quarterly growth rates. A followed-up regression analysis indicated that the greater knowledge improvement an individual achieved, the higher quarter-to-quarter growth rate brought by the individual to the organization.

Originality/value

The study provides educational insights for organisations to effectively train employees’ professional competency through online learning. The investigation on the 21-day camp shows that employees received higher-quality training, resulting in increased revenues and greater workplace flexibility. The findings have implications for supporting the integration of educational technology into workplace training to boost the competency development of employees.
An econometric identification of ineffective common-cold advertising
Authors: Vinod Hrishikesh , Jetta Kurt , Rengifo Minaya Eric
Published: August 2023

Purpose

This study aims to highlight potential savings in advertising budgets.

Design/methodology/approach

This study uses modern computer-based tools including stochastic dominance to check if advertising expenses are increasing sales by using modern causality assessment tools which allow for nonlinearities and use sophisticated assessment of causal impact of ads on sales.

Findings

This study identifies specific media spots where ad budget savings are possible. The marketing managers can take the next step to make small-scale local experiments to reassess this study’s findings.

Research limitations/implications

This study is a statistical observational assessment not based on controlled experiments.

Practical implications

The authors have tools to identify ineffective advertising which can produce huge savings for the organization. The over-the-counter cold remedies have become important due to the pandemic. The tools have wider applicability in marketing research.

Social implications

Less wasteful expenses always benefit the society.

Originality/value

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this may be the first such attempt to use sophisticated causal identification tools. Remedies for the common cold sold by seven major US retailers help identify specific retailers and specific media with negative returns on investment.
What's in the black box? How algorithmic knowledge promotes corrective and restrictive actions to counter misinformation in the USA, the UK, South Korea and Mexico
Authors: Chung Myojung
Published: August 2023

Purpose

While there has been a growing call for insights on algorithms given their impact on what people encounter on social media, it remains unknown how enhanced algorithmic knowledge serves as a countermeasure to problematic information flow. To fill this gap, this study aims to investigate how algorithmic knowledge predicts people's attitudes and behaviors regarding misinformation through the lens of the third-person effect.

Design/methodology/approach

Four national surveys in the USA (N = 1,415), the UK (N = 1,435), South Korea (N = 1,798) and Mexico (N = 784) were conducted between April and September 2021. The survey questionnaire measured algorithmic knowledge, perceived influence of misinformation on self and others, intention to take corrective actions, support for government regulation and content moderation. Collected data were analyzed using multigroup SEM.

Findings

Results indicate that algorithmic knowledge was associated with presumed influence of misinformation on self and others to different degrees. Presumed media influence on self was a strong predictor of intention to take actions to correct misinformation, while presumed media influence on others was a strong predictor of support for government-led platform regulation and platform-led content moderation. There were nuanced but noteworthy differences in the link between presumed media influence and behavioral responses across the four countries studied.

Originality/value

These findings are relevant for grasping the role of algorithmic knowledge in countering rampant misinformation on social media, as well as for expanding US-centered extant literature by elucidating the distinctive views regarding social media algorithms and misinformation in four countries.
HKT-R Spider reference profiles. A guideline for fact-based decision-making regarding a forensic patients leave
Authors: Ter Horst Paul , Spreen Marinus , Bogaerts Stefan
Published: August 2023

Purpose

This paper aims to illustrate by means of a case study how HKT-R Spider reference profiles of recidivists and non-recidivists may be supportive in leave decisions.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors describe what is known for recidivists and non-recidivists about changes in risk factors during treatment. The HKT-R Spider is introduced. By comparing a case study to group profiles, the authors illustrate how discussions about leave may be rationalised. From a study among 278 patients to explore the profiles, the authors report the inter agreement, and differences between recidivists and non-recidivists of the clinical HKT-R factors. Intra correlation coefficients, Wilcoxon signed ranks test and independent and paired t-tests are applied. To explore which combination of factors are discriminating between both groups, the authors also performed logistic regression analyses at six treatment stages.

Findings

The inter agreement reliability and internal consistency of the clinical HKT-R scale were acceptable to good in all six stages studied. The HKT-R Spider and profiles can be used to assist in evidence-informed decision-making about leave.

Practical implications

Globally recidivists had somewhat higher levels of clinical risk factors at all six decision moments, but the interpretation of HKT-R Spiders profiles should always be adapted to the individual’s context.

Originality/value

Applying the HKT-R Spider reference profiles on individual cases may structure and rationalize discussions lead to decisions based on clinical facts.
Efficacy and safety of lanadelumab in Japanese patients with hereditary angioedema: A phase 3 multicenter, open‐label study
Authors: Hide Michihiro , Ohsawa Isao , Nurse Christina , Yu Ming ,   for the SHP643‐302 Trial Investigators
Published: August 2023

The safety and efficacy of lanadelumab for the prevention of hereditary angioedema (HAE) attacks have not been studied in Japanese patients. We report outcomes from a phase 3, multicenter, open‐label study (NCT04180163) of lanadelumab in Japanese patients with HAE. Japanese patients with HAE aged ≥12 years with ≥1 investigator‐confirmed HAE attack during the 4‐week run‐in baseline period were enrolled into the study and received lanadelumab 300 mg every 2 weeks subcutaneously for 52 weeks. Dosing could be reduced to 300 mg every 4 weeks during the second 26‐week treatment period if patients had well‐controlled symptoms (e.g., attack‐free) for 6 months. The primary efficacy endpoint was no investigator‐confirmed HAE attacks (attack‐free status) during days 0–182. Other outcomes included the rate of investigator‐confirmed HAE attacks per month (28 days) and lanadelumab safety. Twelve patients (mean ± SD age 41.9 ± 12.4 years) were enrolled. During the first 26 weeks (days 0–182), five (41.7%) patients were attack‐free. The mean ± SD HAE attack rate per month decreased by 74.0%, from 3.8 ± 2.4 during baseline to 1.2 ± 2.6 during the overall 52‐week treatment period. There were no deaths or discontinuations due to treatment‐emergent adverse events (TEAEs), no severe or serious TEAEs related to lanadelumab, and no positive anti‐drug antibody results. The most frequent TEAEs were injection‐site reactions (37 events in six patients). Most of the injection‐site reaction adverse events were mild in severity. Results of this study support the findings from two global phase 3 studies for lanadelumab use as prophylactic therapy in Japanese patients with HAE.
Vulnerable young people and post‐16 educational aspirations during Covid‐19
Authors: Hartas Dimitra
Published: August 2023

This study used a longitudinal, probability sample survey, Understanding Society Covid‐19, to examine young people's post‐16 educational aspirations at the height of the Covid‐19 pandemic, with a particular emphasis on four vulnerable groups (namely, young carers; Black, Asian and Minority Ethnic young people; young people with long‐term illness and disability; and people with internalising and externalising behavioural difficulties). The findings from this study showed young carers and young people with health conditions to be less likely to choose A levels, despite reporting roughly equal levels of school engagement and school‐related support. The Covid‐19 pandemic has laid bare the obstacles often faced by young carers and young people with pre‐existing health conditions and behaviour difficulties. It is hoped that the findings will contribute to debates about social care and education and will have implications for public policy and action, especially as public services are under enormous strain and are less likely to reach those who need them most.
Assessing the utility of night‐time presentations as a proxy for alcohol‐related harm among young emergency department trauma patients
Authors: Sims Scott A , Pereira Gavin , Fatovich Daniel M , Preen David , O'Donnell Melissa
Published: August 2023

Objective

To assess the usefulness of night‐time presentations to measure alcohol‐related harm (ARH) in young trauma patients, aged 12–24 years, attending Western Australian EDs.

Methods

A retrospective longitudinal study examined alcohol‐related ED presentations in Western Australia (WA; 2002–2016) among 12‐ to 24‐year‐olds. Data from the Emergency Department Data Collection, WA State Trauma Registry Database and Hospital Morbidity Data Collection were used to identify ARH through specific codes and text searches. These were compared to ARH estimates based on presentation time. Statistical analysis involved sensitivity and specificity calculations and Cox proportional hazards modelling.

Results

We identified 2644 (17.8%) night‐time presentations as a proxy measure of ARH among the 14 887 presentations of patients aged 12–24 years. This closely matched the 3064 (20.6%) identified as ARH through coding methods. The highest risk for an ARH presentation occurred during the night hours between 00.00 and 04.59 hours. During these hours, the risk was 4.4–5.1 times higher compared to presentations at midday (between 12.00 and 12.59 hours). However, when looking at individual patients, we observed that night‐time presentations were not a strong predictor of ARH (sensitivity: 0.39; positive predictive value: 0.46).

Conclusions

Implementing targeted interventions during night hours could be beneficial in addressing ARH presentations. However, relying solely on the time of presentation as a proxy for ARH is unlikely to effectively identify ARH in young individuals. Instead, the present study emphasises the importance of implementing mandatory data collection strategies in EDs to ensure accurate measurement of ARH cases.
Long‐term efficacy of canakinumab in hyperimmunoglobulin D syndrome
Authors: Ozdemir Isik Ozlem , Karadag Duygu Temiz , Tekeoglu Senem , Yazici Ayten , Cefle Kıvanc , Cefle Ayse
Published: August 2023

Hyperimmunoglobulin D syndrome (HIDS) is a rare autoinflammatory disorder with autosomal recessive inheritance. It is caused by specific mutations in the mevalonate kinase gene (MVK). No treatment specific to HIDS has been approved to date; however, nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs, steroids, colchicine, tumor necrosis factor‐α inhibitors, and anti‐interleukin‐1 treatments are used, based on case reports and observational studies. Herein, we report a case with recurrent fever and arthritis attacks who did not respond to anakinra and was successfully treated with canakinumab. Long‐term remission was achieved without any side effects with 300 mg canakinumab treatment every 4 weeks for 5 years.
Fire severity influences the post‐fire habitat structure and abundance of a cool climate lizard
Authors: Letnic Mike , Roberts Bridget , Hodgson Mitchell , Ross Alexandra K. , Cuartas Santiago , Lapwong Yingyod , Price Owen , Sentinella Nicola , Webb Jonathan K.
Published: August 2023

In the spring and summer of 2019–2020, the ‘Black Summer’ bushfires burned more than 97 000 km2 of predominantly Eucalyptus dominated forest habitat in eastern Australia. The Black Summer bushfires prompted great concern that many species had been imperilled by the fires. Here, we investigate the effects that fire severity had on the habitat and abundance of a cool climate lizard Eulamprus tympanum that was identified as a species of concern because 37% of its habitat was burnt in the Black Summer bushfires. We quantified habitat structure and the abundance of E. tympanum at sites which were unburnt, burnt at low severity and at high severity 10, 15 and 23 months after the fires. Our classification of fire severity based on scorch height and canopy status corresponded well with the Australian Government Google Earth Engine Burnt Area Map (AUS GEEBAM) fire severity layer. Ten months after the fires, sites burnt at high severity had less canopy cover, more bare ground and less fine fuel than sites burnt at low severity or unburnt sites. The abundance of E. tympanum varied with survey occasion and was greatest during the warmest sampling period and lowest during the coolest sampling period. The abundance of E. tympanum was consistently lower on sites burnt at high severity than sites burnt at low severity or unburnt sites. Our findings show that higher severity fires had a greater effect on E. tympanum than low severity fires. Our results suggest that E. tympanum were likely to have persisted in burnt sites, with populations in low severity and unburnt sites facilitating population recovery in areas burnt at high severity. Our results also suggest that wildfire impacts on E. tympanum populations will increase because the frequency and extent of severe fires are expected to increase due to climate change.
Pasture diet of cattle contributes to the reproductive success of dung beetles
Authors: Heddle T. , Hemmings Z. , Burns A. , Andrew N. R.
Published: August 2023

Cattle diet plays a crucial role in the quality of dung and the consequent reproductive capacity of dung beetles. We investigated how three pasture types (improved native, forage oat and inter‐sown rye/clover) influence the dung quality, the number of broods and reproductive output measured as brood size (dry weight and ellipsoid volume), development time and F1 progeny size (beetle length and pronotum width) of Onthophagus binodis, Euoniticellus africanus and Euoniticellus intermedius.

Nitrogen content was highest in rye/clover‐derived dung compared with improved native and forage oat. Improved native‐derived dung had the highest carbon, energy, organic matter, pH and insoluble non‐starch polysaccharide content, whereas forage oat had the lowest contents. Forage oat had the highest moisture content, ash and soluble non‐starch polysaccharide content compared with the other pastures.

Progeny length was influenced by pasture type, with female E. intermedius, and males and females of O. binodis being 11.4%, 11.2% and 7.3% longer, respectively, in rye/clover‐derived dung than forage oat dung. The pronotum width of O. binodis F1 progeny was 9.8% wider when produced from rye/clover dung than forage oat.

Rye/clover‐ and improved native‐derived dung provided the best resource for dung beetle reproduction compared with forage oat dung. Based on this study, cattle diet is important for consideration when evaluating reproductive ability and progeny measurements. Cattle diet should be further investigated as only three pasture types were investigated out of a numerous number of species and combinations.
Rapid development of individual identification and presence systems for a critically endangered antelope, the Mountain bongo
Authors: Sandri Tommy , Bunge Donald , Omengo Fred , Cain Bradley , Jones Martin , Harris W. Edwin
Published: August 2023

Monitoring of species, particularly remnant populations requiring urgent conservation is often hampered by the lack of reliable tools for individual identification (using images or their spoor). Here, we develop rapid monitoring tools for individual animals of the Mountain bongo (Tragelaphus eurycerus isaaci), a critically endangered subspecies of the bongo only found in Kenya. We developed and tested an individual identification system using camera trap footage, as well as a quantitative tool to identify bongo spoor in the field, both useable by naïve observers. We implemented an information content approach to assess the importance of different visual elements in 61 individual bongos to optimise our identification system. We tested the reliability of the system with 15 naïve observers. We conclude that an optimal identification system should rely on three main visual features (stripe pattern, facial markings and horns appearance). We show that reliability amongst observers is high (κ = 0.64). We also developed a field scheme to identify footprint and spoor sign. Measurements of bongo footprints were compared with those of waterbuck (Kobus ellypsiprimnus), a syntopic antelope. Confusion occurs between spoor and footprints of both species. We find that differences in the aspect ratio of bongo and waterbuck footprints can identify the two species, 1.22 (±0.08) for bongo and 1.49 (±0.10) for waterbuck. The acquisition of reliable tools ensures monitoring activities are less dependent on individual expertise, which will allow consistent monitoring of bongo remnant populations in the future. The methods we used to develop these monitoring tools can help managers and field workers in the study of this and similar rare species where monitoring is a challenge.
Contraception and sterilization selection at delivery among pregnant patients with malignancy
Authors: Harris Chelsey A. , Mandelbaum Rachel S. , Rau Alesandra R. , Song Bonnie B. , Klar Maximilian , Ouzounian Joseph G. , Paulson Richard J. , Roman Lynda D. , Matsuo Koji
Published: August 2023

Introduction

Since malignancy during pregnancy is uncommon, information regarding contraception selection or sterilization at delivery is limited. The objective of this study was to examine the type of long‐acting reversible contraception or surgical sterilization procedure chosen by pregnant patients with malignancy at delivery.

Material and methods

This cross‐sectional study queried the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project's National Inpatient Sample in the USA. The study population was vaginal and cesarean deliveries in a hospital setting from January 2017 to December 2020. Pregnant patients with breast cancer (n = 1605), leukemia (n = 1190), lymphoma (n = 1120), thyroid cancer (n = 715), cervical cancer (n = 425) and melanoma (n = 400) were compared with 14 265 319 pregnant patients without malignancy. The main outcome measures were utilization of long‐acting reversible contraception (subdermal implant or intrauterine device) and performance of permanent surgical sterilization (bilateral tubal ligation or bilateral salpingectomy) during the index hospital admission for delivery, assessed with a multinomial regression model controlling for clinical, pregnancy and delivery characteristics.

Results

When compared with pregnant patients without malignancy, pregnant patients with breast cancer were more likely to proceed with bilateral salpingectomy (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 2.30) or intrauterine device (aOR 1.91); none received the subdermal implant. Pregnant patients with leukemia were more likely to choose a subdermal implant (aOR 2.22), whereas those with lymphoma were more likely to proceed with bilateral salpingectomy (aOR 1.93) and bilateral tubal ligation (aOR 1.76). Pregnant patients with thyroid cancer were more likely to proceed with bilateral tubal ligation (aOR 2.21) and none received the subdermal implant. No patients in the cervical cancer group selected long‐acting reversible contraception, and they were more likely to proceed with bilateral salpingectomy (aOR 2.08). None in the melanoma group chose long‐acting reversible contraception. Among pregnant patients aged <30, the odds of proceeding with bilateral salpingectomy were increased in patients with breast cancer (aOR 3.01), cervical cancer (aOR 2.26) or lymphoma (aOR 2.08). The odds of proceeding with bilateral tubal ligation in pregnant patients aged <30 with melanoma (aOR 5.36) was also increased.

Conclusions

The results of this nationwide assessment in the United States suggest that among pregnant patients with malignancy, the preferred contraceptive option or method of sterilization at time of hospital delivery differs by malignancy type.
Prognostic impact of lung computed tomography density in cardiogenic shock patients with veno‐arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation
Authors: Hada Tasuku , Seguchi Osamu , Mochizuki Hiroki , Watanabe Takuya , Tadokoro Naoki , Kainuma Satoshi , Fukushima Satsuki , Tsukamoto Yasumasa , Noguchi Teruo , Fujita Tomoyuki , Fukushima Norihide
Published: August 2023

Background

Pulmonary complications often occur in patients receiving veno‐arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA ECMO). However, the prognostic impact of lung damage has not been fully elucidated.

Methods

This single‐center retrospective observational study targeted patients with cardiogenic shock who received VA ECMO between 2012 and 2021. This study included 65 patients who underwent chest computed tomography (CT) on VA ECMO, followed by escalation to central mechanical circulatory support (MCS) with left ventricular venting. The average density of lung CT images was measured using region‐of‐interest methods, and the primary endpoint was 180‐day all‐cause death after escalation to the central MCS.

Results

Twenty‐two patients (34%) developed 180‐day all‐cause death. According to the Cox regression analysis, age (hazard ratio [HR], 1.08; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.03–1.14; p = 0.001), ischemic etiology (HR, 5.53; 95% CI, 2.09–14.62; p < 0.001), duration of VA ECMO support (HR, 1.19; 95% CI, 1.00–1.40; p = 0.045), and lung CT density (≥ −481 Hounsfield unit [HU]) (HR, 6.33; 95% CI, 2.26–17.72; p < 0.001) were independently associated with all‐cause death. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis determined that lung CT density ≥ −481 HU is an optimal cutoff value for predicting all‐cause death (area under the curve [AUC], 0.72). The 180‐day overall survival rate for patients with high lung CT density (≥ −481 HU) was significantly lower than that for those with low lung CT density (< −481 HU) (44.4% vs. 81.6%, respectively, p = 0.002).

Conclusions

Higher lung CT density could be a useful predictor of death in patients with VA ECMO requiring central MCS escalation.
Political apologies and their acceptance: Experimental evidence from victims and perpetrators nations
Authors: David Roman , Tam Pui Chuen
Published: August 2023

Political apologies have been argued to contribute to reconciliation among groups and nations but their efficacy has also been questioned. This paper examines the acceptance of political apologies, their content and the protagonists in the victim nation, the perpetrator nation and their subgroups. Guided by studies on the structure of apologies, it distinguishes 10 features of apologies, seven of which concern their content and three of their protagonists. Following the analysis of apology statements by Japan to South Korea, the paper further breaks these features (factors) down into 32 elements (levels). The acceptance of around 70,000 possible apology combinations is examined in a randomized conjoint experiment, which was embedded in online quota‐based surveys in Japan (n = 2700) and South Korea (n = 3000). The analysis reveals that the content of apologies matters, protagonists matter more than content and some subgroups matter more than protagonists. The subgroup analysis showed that some within‐country differences are larger than cross‐country differences, which challenges the SIT. Apology statements that would be acceptable in both nations are summarised.
FNA cytology of columnar cell variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma: A case report with review of literature
Authors: Kumar Tarun , Khanna Nisha , Tewari Prerna , Bharti Shreekant , Bhadani Punam Prasad
Published: August 2023

Cytological features such as papillary configuration, pseudostratification, and large rosette‐like clusters without any nuclear features of PTC hint at the CCVPTC diagnosis.

The presence of papillary configuration, pseudostratification, and large rosette‐like clusters without any nuclear features of PTC hint at CCVPTC.
Metaanalyse zu präventiven und therapeutischen Effekten probiotischer Supplementierung bei Kindern mit atopischer Dermatitis
Authors: Husein‐ElAhmed Husein , Steinhoff Martin
Published: August 2023

Trotz zahlreicher wissenschaftlicher Untersuchungen gibt es zur Wirkung von Probiotika auf die Inzidenz und Schwere der atopischen Dermatitis (AD) widersprüchliche Ergebnisse. Wir untersuchten, ob die Supplementierung mit Probiotika diese Parameter verringern. Dazu wurden drei Datenbanken systematisch durchsucht. In der Probiotika‐Gruppe war die AD‐Inzidenz um 22% geringer. Bei Verabreichung der Probiotika an schwangere und stillende Mütter betrug die Verringerung der Inzidenz 49% und bei Verabreichung an schwangere Mütter und Kinder 27%. Bei Verabreichung an schwangere und stillende Mütter sowie Kinder wurde eine 39%ige Verringerung der AD‐Inzidenz erreicht. Es wurden signifikante Unterschiede beim SCORAD (SCORing Atopic Dermatitis) zugunsten der Probiotika beobachtet, die IDLQI blieb jedoch unverändert. Lactobacillus (L.) rhamnosus war der am häufigsten dokumentierte Stamm, erwies sich jedoch bezüglich der Verringerung des SCORAD als unwirksam. Im Gegensatz dazu zeigte sich bei L. paracasei und L. sakei eine signifikante Verringerung des SCORAD. Während Probiotika bei der Prävention einer AD effektiv sind, ist die Wirkung bei der Behandlung einer AD weniger eindeutig, insbesondere bei Kindern <1 Jahr. Die Einnahme von Probiotika durch stillende Mütter ist eine wichtige Maßnahme und kann eine neue prophylaktische Strategie darstellen. Der präventive Effekt von Probiotika bei AD ist nicht mit dem familiären Hintergrund oder dem AD‐Risiko assoziiert. Bei L. paracasei und L. sakei zeigte sich die größte Verringerung des SCORAD.
Phototherapie in Theorie und Praxis
Authors: Kurz Bernadett , Berneburg Mark , Bäumler Wolfgang , Karrer Sigrid
Published: August 2023

Die Therapie oder Kombinationstherapie mit UV‐A‐ oder UV‐B‐Strahlen ist trotz der Entwicklung hochwirksamer Biologika bei Hauterkrankungen wie Psoriasis oder atopischer Dermatitis nach wie vor unverzichtbarer Bestandteil verschiedener Leitlinienempfehlungen. Die Phototherapie ist nicht nur eine sehr effektive Erstlinientherapie bei verschiedenen Hauterkrankungen, sondern auch kostengünstig und nebenwirkungsarm. Der gezielte Einsatz von UV‐A und UV‐B, gegebenenfalls auch in Kombination mit dem Photosensibilisator Psoralen im Rahmen einer PUVA‐Therapie, ermöglicht dem Dermatologen eine effektive Behandlung verschiedener Hautkrankheiten. Indikationen für die Phototherapie sind epidermale Erkrankungen wie die atopische Dermatitis, die Psoriasis und die Vitiligo, ferner Photodermatosen, die Mycosis fungoides, die Graft‐versus‐Host‐Erkrankung sowie tiefe dermale Erkrankungen wie die Sklerodermie. Dieser Artikel gibt einen Überblick über die physikalischen Grundlagen, die molekularen Mechanismen, die derzeitigen Behandlungsmethoden und die einzelnen Indikationen für die Phototherapie und die Photochemotherapie.
Multiple motor disorders in cerebral palsy
Authors: Dar Hayim , Stewart Kirsty , McIntyre Sarah , Paget Simon
Published: August 2023

Aim

To characterize motor disorders in children and young people with cerebral palsy (CP).

Method

This was a cross‐sectional study of 582 children and young people with CP (mean age 9 years 7 months; range 11 months–19 years 9 months; standard deviation 4 years 11 months; 340 males) attending a rehabilitation clinic at a specialized children's hospital (May 2018–March 2020). Data on motor disorders, topography, functional classifications, and non‐motor features, such as epilepsy, intellectual disability, and sensory impairments, were collected using the Australian Cerebral Palsy Register CP Description Form.

Results

Fifty‐five per cent (n = 321) of children and young people with CP presented with multiple motor disorders, often affecting the same limb(s). The most common motor disorders were spasticity and dystonia (50%), spasticity only (36%), and dystonia only (6%), but 18 different combinations were identified, including choreoathetosis, ataxia, and generalized hypotonia with increased reflexes. Children with spasticity only had less severe functional deficits (p < 0.001) and lower rates of associated intellectual disability (p < 0.01) and epilepsy (p < 0.001) than those with both spasticity and dystonia.

Interpretation

Multiple motor disorders in children and young people with CP are common and associated with more severe functional impairment. Accurate assessment of motor disorders is essential to guide prognosis and ensure personalized evidence‐based interventions.

What this paper adds

More than half of children and young people with cerebral palsy presented with multiple motor disorders.

Dystonia was identified in 60% of study participants.

Dystonia was associated with more severe functional impairments and rates of non‐motor features.
Male exposure to guava volatiles affects female remating behavior in Anastrepha fraterculus
Authors: Díaz Viviana , Moyano Andrea , Giudice Antonella , Coll‐Araoz María Victoria , Pérez‐Staples Diana , Abraham Solana
Published: August 2023

Plant‐derived volatiles can have positive or negative effects on insects. Exposure to volatiles of guava (Psidium guajava L.) (Myrtaceae) enhances male mating success in the South American fruit fly, Anastrepha fraterculus (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Tephritidae), an important pest of various fruits. These volatiles can therefore be used as a post‐teneral, pre‐release supplement in sterile insect technique (SIT) programs. In SIT, mass‐reared sterile males compete for and mate with wild females, in order to reduce populations of insect pests. However, the success of SIT will be diminished if males are not able to inhibit females from remating with other (potentially wild) males. Here, we investigated the remating propensity of A. fraterculus females mated with males exposed to guava volatiles or non‐exposed (control) in choice and no‐choice tests. In addition, we tested whether exposure to guava volatiles affected male reproductive organ size (testes, accessory glands, and seminal vesicles) and cuticular hydrocarbon (CHC) profile. Females mated with guava‐exposed males were more likely to remate than females mated with control males, but there was no difference in the length of the refractory period (i.e., the time between the first and second mating event). Reproductive organ size did not differ between exposed and non‐exposed males, but exposed males had a higher quantity of waxes than non‐exposed males, and CHC profiles differed. The results are discussed in the context of SIT programs for the control of this insect pest.
Outcome of carfilzomib/pomalidomide‐based regimens after daratumumab‐based treatment in relapsed multiple myeloma: A Canadian Myeloma Research Group Database analysis
Authors: LeBlanc Richard , Mian Hira , Reece Donna , Su Jiandong , Masih‐Khan Esther , Chu Michael , Jimenez‐Zepeda Victor , Sebag Michael , Song Kevin , Louzada Martha , Kotb Rami , Visram Alissa , White Darrell , Stakiw Julie , Reiman Antony , Aslam Muhammad , Bergstrom Debra , Kaedbey Rayan , Gul Engin , Venner Christopher
Published: August 2023

Introduction

Although daratumumab‐containing regimens improve multiple myeloma (MM) outcomes, recurrence is inevitable.

Methods and Objective

We performed a retrospective study using the Canadian Myeloma Research Group Database to benchmark the efficacy of carfilzomib‐ or pomalidomide‐based therapies immediately following progression on daratumumab treatment.

Results

We identified 178 such patients; median number of prior lines of therapy was 3, 97% triple‐class exposed, and 60% triple‐class refractory. In our cohort, 75 received a subsequent carfilzomib‐based therapy, 79 received a pomalidomide‐based therapy, and 24 received a treatment with both immunomodulatory drug (IMiD) and proteasome inhibitor (PI) using carfilzomib and/or pomalidomide. The median progression‐free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) for the entire cohort were 4.5 and 14.2 months, respectively. Carfilzomib‐based therapy yielded a median PFS and OS of 4.5 and 10.2 months, respectively, compared to 5.2 and 21.7 months for pomalidomide‐based therapy. Patients who received both IMiD and PI with carfilzomib and/or pomalidomide had a median PFS and OS of 4.1 and 14.5 months, respectively.

Conclusion

Our observations demonstrate the poor outcome of MM patients when standard regimens based on carfilzomib and/or pomalidomide are utilized directly after daratumumab‐based therapy given in the relapsed setting. Novel therapies, including immune therapies, are urgently needed to improve the outcomes of these daratumumab‐exposed patients.
Topical application of TOPK inhibitor OTS514 suppresses psoriatic progression by inducing keratinocytes cell cycle arrest and apoptosis
Authors: Zeng Fanfan , Lu Hui , Wu Mengjun , Dai Chan , Li Jianyu , Wang Jinbiao , Hu Guoyun
Published: August 2023

T‐LAK cell‐oriented protein kinase (TOPK) potently promotes malignant proliferation of tumour cells and is considered as a maker of tumour progression. Psoriasis is a common inflammatory skin disease characterized by abnormal proliferation of keratinocytes. However, the role of TOPK in psoriasis has not been well elucidated. This study aims to investigate the expression and role of TOPK in psoriasis, and the role of TOPK inhibitor in psoriasis attenuation. Gene Expression Omnibus datasets derived from psoriasis patients and psoriatic model mice were screened for analysis. Skin specimens from psoriasis patients were collected for TOPK immunohistochemical staining to investigate the expression and localization of TOPK. Next, psoriatic mice model was established to further confirm TOPK expression pattern. Then, TOPK inhibitor was applied to investigate the role of TOPK in psoriasis progression. Finally, cell proliferation assay, apoptosis assay and cell cycle analysis were performed to investigate the potential mechanism involved. Our study showed that TOPK was upregulated in the lesions of both psoriasis patients and psoriatic model mice, and TOPK levels were positively associated with psoriasis progression. TOPK was upregulated in psoriatic lesions and expressed predominantly by epidermal keratinocytes. In addition, TOPK levels in epidermal keratinocytes were positively correlated with epidermal hyperplasia. Furthermore, topical application of TOPK inhibitor OTS514 obviously alleviated disease severity and epidermal hyperplasia. Mechanismly, inhibiting TOPK induces G2/M phase arrest and apoptosis of keratinocytes, thereby attenuating epidermal hyperplasia and disease progression. Collectively, this study identifies that upregulation of TOPK in keratinocytes promotes psoriatic progression, and inhibiting TOPK attenuates epidermal hyperplasia and psoriatic progression.
Data and domain knowledge dual‐driven artificial intelligence: Survey, applications, and challenges
Authors: Nie Jing , Jiang Jiachen , Li Yang , Wang Huting , Ercisli Sezai , Lv Linze
Published: August 2023

At present, the mainstream mode of machine learning algorithms is the data‐driven method, which mainly relies on the self‐learning ability of deep neural networks and continuously evolving models in data‐driven training. However, the pure data‐driven method has some critical problems, such as high data collection cost, poor interpretability and easy to be be disturbed by noise. Although the knowledge‐driven method has high stability, it lacks self‐learning and evolution ability in the face of comprehensive and complex problems. In recent years, the convergence of data and domain knowledge has combined the advantages of both learning paradigms. One typical way is to embed domain knowledge into the data‐driven model to improve the interpretability of the model, and then use the self‐learning ability of the data‐driven model to explore knowledge, and continuously iterate the domain knowledge to form a closed loop. The data‐knowledge dual‐driven methods have brought transformative innovations in machine learning. This review first introduced the advantages and necessity of the data‐knowledge dual‐driven model in the field of artificial intelligence. Then, the applications of the data‐knowledge dual‐driven model in the smart marine field were introduced. Finally, the challenges and trends of the data‐knowledge dual‐driven artificial intelligence are anticipated.