bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Euthyphro’s Choice
Authors: Fischer Norman J.
Published: February 2015

There has been endless debate about the exchanges regarding the relation of divine love and piety in Plato’s Euthyphro . This debate has mostly missed what is truly puzzling about these exchanges—and hence the import of the dialogue as a whole—which is why Socrates is able to refute Euthyphro, the man. What is particularly puzzling is why Euthyphro accepts the suggestion that leads to his refutation. In answering this question by analyzing the drama of the dialogue, I discuss the deeper issue in the dialogue—the significance and nature of human autonomy.
Friedrich Nietzsche’s Subjective Artist
Authors: Humphrey J. F.
Published: February 2015

The ancients, Friedrich Nietzsche notes, held Homer’s objective art and Archilochus’s subjective art in equally high esteem. However, if a work of art must be “objective,” how are we to understand the subjective artist, who, like Archilochus, produces art from his own subjective experience? Guided by a clue from Schiller’s May 18, 1796, letter to Goethe, Nietzsche employs Schopenhauer’s theory of music in his consideration of the subjective artist. Turning to Paul Ricoeur’s distinction between image as copy and image as fiction, I argue, will assist us in understanding how Nietzsche resolves the problem of the subjective artist.
Five Readings of Euthyphro
Authors: Fendt Gene
Published: February 2015

Euthyphro is frequently dissected for its philosophical dilemmas regarding the relation of the god’s love to holiness, and whether justice is a part of the holy or the converse. But how can we understand the dialogue as a literary whole? This paper exhibits five ways in which it can be so understood: Euthyphro is the subjectivist patsy (both a literalist and divine command theorist) playing against Socrates’s natural law-like moral objectivity; the dialogue is elenchic because the dilemmas are true; the dialogue is elenchic, but the dilemmas are false; the dialogue produces a double irony; the irony is in the existence of the dialogue.
Being Equal to the Moment: Form as Historical Praxis
Authors: Lysaker John
Published: February 2015

This essay argues that Walter Benjamin’s One-Way Street offers readers a way of being historical that resists and redirects the meaning and significance of dominant symbols and personal experiences. In the interaction among its entries, it also tries to stimulate the growth of those capacities required by projects of social transformation. In Benjamin’s text, “form” is thus less a matter of literary organization than a potentially exemplary mode of political action.
The Unblest Room: Kristeva’s Chora in Sophocles’s Antigone
Authors: Randhawa Beccie Puneet
Published: February 2015

Maternity is a ghastly and frightening proposition in Sophocles’s Antigone . This paper probes this startling motif, which unravels the “unhappy girl, child” of Oedipus through the psychoanalytic framework of Julia Kristeva’s theories of the symbolic, the semiotic, and the chora. The significance of a Kristevan reading of Antigone is twofold: Kristeva’s theory of the relationship between maternity and melancholia solves the mystery of Antigone’s irreparable sadness and unflinching affiliation with the dead. Second, Kristeva’s notions of the dual modalities of discourse, the symbolic and the semiotic, and the importance of the chora, focus on evaluating the ominous consequences of the subjugation and destruction of the maternal body in the tragedy.
Euthyphro Prosecutes a Human Rights Violation
Authors: Garver Eugene
Published: February 2015

Socrates encounters Euthyphro as both are on their way to court, Socrates as a defendant against charges of blasphemy and Euthyphro as a prosecutor of his father for negligently causing the death of a slave—a human rights violation. While I argue that piety and pollution supply a productive way of thinking about human rights crime and punishment, Euthyphro is a very troubling model for the human rights prosecutor, since he is an almost paradigmatically unattractive character. Reading the Euthyphro leads to appropriately troubling and ambivalent feelings about contemporary human rights prosecutions.
On fixing the magnitudes of gravitational constant and strong coupling constant
Authors: UV Satya Seshavatharam , S Lakshminarayana
Published: February 2015

In the earlier published papers the authors suggested that, â€œMagnitude of the unified force can be assumed to be equal to the classical or astrophysical force limit . Strength of any interaction can be defined as the ratio of the operating force magnitude and the magnitude of . If strength of the Schwarzschild interaction is assumed to be unity, then weak interaction strength seems to be â€˜squared Avogadro numberâ€™ times less than the Schwarzschild interaction. The characteristic atomic force can be represented by â€. Thinking in this way, atomic gravitational constant can be expressed as Â With current atomic physical constants and with the assumed two new grand unified back ground numbers analytically - value of Â can be fixed for 10 digits and can be verified. Inverse of the strong coupling constant can be considered as the â€˜natural logarithm of square root of ratio of gravitational and electromagnetic force ratio of down quark mass where the operating gravitational constant is squared Avogadro number times the gravitational constantâ€™. Finally an attempt is made to fit and understand the mystery of Up and Down quarks, nuclear stability, and nuclear binding energy. For medium and heavy atomic nuclides, at the stable mass number, nuclear binding energy seems to be equal to the sum of rest energy of Â up quarks and Â down quarks.
Effects of atrazine, isoproturon and diuron on glutathione metabolism of Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Alves-Pereira Isabel , Nunes Rita , Candeias Marta , Ferreira Rui
Published: February 2015

Triazines and phenylureas, mainly used in agricultural applications for the selective control of germinating grasses and broad-leaved weeds, are often found in contaminated groundwater, surface water and the effluents of wastewater treatment plants. The toxicity of these herbicides in eukaryotic cells is poorly understood.
Allomorphs of French de in coordination: a reproducible study
Authors: Zuraw Kie
Published: February 2015

It is known that French de ‘of’ can take wide scope in coordination – that is, the coordination can optionally be reduced by omitting the second de: de X et/ou (de) Y, meaning roughly ‘of X and/or (of) Y’. De has an allomorph d’ that is used when the following word begins with a vowel. This paper shows, using a large written corpus, that the two allomorphs, de and d’, do not behave the same when it comes to reduction/wide scope. Two main factors seem to be at play: resistance of the d’ allomorph to taking wide scope, and hiatus avoidance between et/ou (which are both vowel-final) and a following vowel-initial word. The existence of phonological factors that affect reduction rate implies that the grammar and/or processing architecture must retrieve some phonological information about X and Y before the final “decision” about reduction is made– or that the phonology is powerful enough to delete the second de on its own. This paper also aims to make a methodological contribution to reproducibility. The web materials accompanying the paper (scripts, documentation, and intermediate-stage data files, available at TROLLing, the Tromsø Repository of Language and Linguistics, opendata.uit.no/dvn/dv/trolling) allow the reader to reproduce all the steps of the data processing analysis, starting from a publicly available corpus.
Crystal structure of poly[μ4-2,6-dimethyl-pyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate- κ6O,O’:O’,O’’,O’’’:O’’’] calcium(II), C9H11CaNO6
Authors: Zhao Yan , Li Shi-Hui , Zhang Li
Published: February 2015

C9H11CaNO6, orthorhombic, Pbca (no. 61), a = 15.9540(19) Å, b = 7.7489(9) Å, c = 17.811(2) Å, V = 2201.9 Å3, Z = 8, Rgt(F) = 0.0398, wRref(F2) = 0.1010, T = 296 K.
Kontinuierliche Bestimmung von Mischungswärmen durch isotherme Enthalpietitration
Authors: Becker F. , Kiefer M.
Published: February 2015

A continuous method for determining the heats of mixing of liquid systems is described by which the complete mixing curve of a binary system, HM= ƒ(NA) is rapidly obtained by two experiments only, giving 40 or more curve points which are accurate to better than ±1%. Isothermal conditions within +0.002° to ± 0.008° are maintained by means of controlled thermoelectric cooling or heating. The air space above the liquid is completely excluded by operation at constant volume; the pure liquid B enters and the equilibrated mixture leaves the calorimeter vessel with equal velocities. A theoretical discussion of the heat balance equation of this mixing procedure, including the performance curve of the thermoelectric module, the response characteristics of the controller for the Peltier current, and the influence of excess volumes, is given. As examples for the correct operation of the heatof- mixing calorimeter described, the results at 25° for the systems acetone -chloroform, benzyl acetate -chloroform, and pyridine -chloroform are given; they agree with the literature data within the uncertainty limits reported there.
Theory and Calculation of Centrifugal Distortion Constants for Polyatomic Molecules Part II. Application to Molecular Models
Authors: Cyvin B. N. , Elvebredd I. , Cyvin S. J.
Published: February 2015

The T(i)
α,β,S s elements in the theory of centrifugal distotrtion are given for the linear XYZ and a number of four-atomic molecule models. For some of the most important ones of these models (viz. linear XYZ and X2Y2, planar and pyramidal XY3) also the J(i)
α,β,S quantities are given, i. e. the derivatives of inertia tensor components.
Notizen: Massenspektrometrische Bestimmung der Dissoziationsenergie von Gold-Monoborid
Authors: Gingerich Karl A.
Published: February 2015

Mass-spectrometric evidence for the existence of the molecule AuB is presented. The enthalpy of the reaction

Au2 (g) + B (g) = AuB (g) + Au (g) was determined as: ΔH0° = - 33.2 kcal/mole. Combined with the known dissociation energy of Au2 , a value of

D0° (AuB) =85.2 ±5.0 kcal/mole is obtained for the dissociation energy of gold monoboride.
Schwingungsspektren und Kraftkonstanten der Hexahalogeno-Komplexe des Technetium(IV) und Rhenium(IV)
Authors: Schwochau Klaus , Krasser Wolfgang
Published: February 2015

The Raman and infrared spectra of the potassium and caesium salts of [TcX6]-- and [ReX6]-- (X = F, Cl, Br, I) have been measured in the range from 1000 to 45 cm-1. The force constants are determined in the valence force field and in the standard Urey-Bradley field on the basis of the Oh-symmetry. The fundamental vibration ν6 is calculated from the force constants. Apart from the fluoro-compounds the bond-stretching force constants of the technetium complexes are shown to be smaller than those of the analogous rhenium complexes. Except for the iodo-compounds a distortion of the octahedral structure progressive in degree towards X = F can be concluded from the splitting of degeneracies.
Line Shape Analysis of Spin Echo Signals in Cubic Solids
Authors: Mehring M. , Kanert O.
Published: February 2015

In the case of static magnetic dipolar and electric quadrupolar interactions (inhomogenous broadening) the dependency of the spin echo height at time t = 2τ after a π/2-τ-β pulse sequence on the rotation angle ß of the second rf-pulse is calculated for the spins I=3/2, 5/2, 7/2, 9/2. For each spin I an optimum rotation angle βopt is found out for which the spin echo signal has a maxi­mum. From the measured spin echo lineshape the distribution function of the quadrupole distortion in a solid can be determined. The mean quadrupole distortion can be obtained from the echo width. Detailed calculations in the case of Gaussian and Lorentzian distribution functions are presented.
Über den Einfluß von Sauerstoff auf n-Zn0,5 Cd0,5 Sb
Authors: Leuchtenberg L. , Schneider G.
Published: February 2015

Während für CdSb durch Dotierung mit In der n-Typ stabil hergestellt werden kann, zeigen In-dotierte Mischkristalle von CdSb mit ZnSb nach anfänglicher n-Leitung Umwandlungserscheinun­ gen zum p-Typ bei Zimmertemperatur. Es kann gezeigt werden, daß die umgebende Atmosphäre einen Einfluß auf diese Umwandlungen hat; wahrscheinlich kommt es zu einer Chemisorption von Sauerstoff. Eine gleichzeitig in den Proben erfolgende In-Diffusion und -Ausscheidung ist nicht aus­ zuschließen.
Berechnung der niedrigsten Pole der Zweipunktfunktion in der Quantenmechanik durch funktionale Integration
Authors: Hoffmann M.
Published: February 2015

The lowest poles of the two-point function in quantum mechanics are calculated for some simple potentials by the method of functional integration, and the results are compared with the results of the usual methods. In most cases there is good agreement. The reasons for the disagreement in other cases are discussed.
Zur phänomenologischen Begründung erweiterter Casimir-Onsagerscher Reziprozitätsbeziehungen (Diskussion der Voraussetzungen)
Authors: Muschik W.
Published: February 2015

The conditions sufficient for a phenomenological derivation of non-linear Casimir-Onsager reciprocal relations are restated and discussed. The main assumption is that systems can be combined without restriction. The time-reversal is identified with the parameter-inversion of the thermodynamical forces. In a supplement non-linear reciprocal relations are expanded in components, and their validity is shown for the non-linear case if the forces depend on each other.
Radioaktive Isotope als Luftmassenindikatoren II. Die Produktion von P33
Authors: Hartwig S. , Sittkus A
Published: February 2015

Discussions on concentration measurements of the isotopes Be7, P32 and P33 in ground level air give rise to false conclusions about airmass exchange in the atmosphere if the measured P33 data are used as a means of characterisation. The reason for this lies in too low a production rate for P33.

The analysis gives a yield of 5.1·10 -2 (±10% the yields for P33 and P32 are equal.
Röntgenspektroskopische Untersuchung der chemischen Bindung in Oxiden.II
Authors: Chun Hans-Ulrich , Klein Georg
Published: February 2015

The O - K-spectra of α- and γ-Al2O3, β-Ga2O3 and In2O3 were measured with a high-resolution grating spectrograph using the method of electron excitation. The spectra were corrected for the nonlinear response of the photographic emulsions. A shift of the O - K-emission band edge of γ-Al2O3 to lower energy with respect to that of α-Al2O3 and a fine structure within all O -K-bands were observed for the first time. The details of the spectra are discussed in relation to the energy level diagrams, crystal structure, and chemical bond of these oxides.
Untersuchungen zur Lumineszenz von LiF/U6+ -Einkristallen / Luminescence of LiF/U6+-crystals
Authors: Hartmann H. , Scharmann A.
Published: February 2015

Fluorescence spectra, fluorescence decay-times and excitation spectra of LiF/U6+ -single crystals with different U-concentrations have been investigated at room temperature and at 88 °K. The results are discussed within a model for the luminescence process in lowly and highly doped crystals.
Modell einer unelastischen Streuung
Authors: Avenhaus Rudolf , Koppe Heinz
Published: February 2015

Eine eindimensionale Zwei-Kanal-Streuung wird mit der stationären und der instationären Schrö-dinger-Gleichung behandelt. Es werden die gebundenen Zustände des Systems bestimmt sowie die Übergangswahrscheinlichkeiten bezüglich des Streukörpers. Es wird der Fall behandelt, daß der Streukörper sich vor der Streuung nicht in einem Energieeigenzustand befindet.
Direct Photodisintegration of 9Be in the Low and Sub-Giant Resonance Energy Region
Authors: Aurdal Terje
Published: February 2015

Photodisintegration cross sections for the reaction 9Be(γ,n) 8Be with photonenergies varied from threshold to about 17 MeV are calculated. As nuclear model is assumed a single particle shell model where the valence neutron outside the 8Be core is feeling a spherical field. The core state is assumed to be a mixture of the ground (0+) and the first excited (2+) state of the 8Be nucleus. The total cross sections are splitted up according to the different contributing reaction channels. The radial wave functions in initial as well as final states are of the Saxon-Woods type.
Elektrisches Dipolmoment und Mikrowellenrotationsspektrum des GeO und GeS
Authors: Hoeft J , Lovas F.J. , Tiemann E , Tischer R , Törring T
Published: February 2015

Stark-effect measurements on pure rotational transitions of GeO and GeS are described. Measurements on the ground vibrational state of the most abundant isotopic molecules resulted in the following electric dipole moments:

74Ge18O μ = (3,28±0,10) D;

74Ge32S μ = (2,00 + 0,06) D .

Due to improved resolution and sensitivity of the spectrometer, the rotational spectra of GeS were measured in more detail and with greater accuracy than previously. The derived rotational constants, Y01 , Y11, Y21 and Y02 , are reported.
Elektrisches Dipolmoment und Mikrowellenrotationsspektrum von SnO, SnS, PbO und PbS
Authors: Hoeft J , Lovas F , Tiemann E , Tischer R , Törring T
Published: February 2015

Stark-effect measurements on pure rotational transitions of SnO, SnS, PbO, and PbS are described. Measurements on the ground vibrational state of the most abundant molecules resulted in the following electric dipole moments:

120Sn16O: μ0= (4,32 ± 0,10) D,

120Sn32S: μ0= (3,18 ±0,10) D,

208Pb16O: μ0 = (4,64 ± 0,30) D,

208Pb32S : μ0 = (3,59 ± 0,10) D.

Due to improved resolution and sensivity of the spectrometer, the rotational spectra of SnS and PbS were measured in more detail and with greater accuracy than previously. The derived rotational constants, Y01, Y11, Y21, Y31 and Y02, are reported.
Experimentelle Untersuchung der Rayleigh-Taylor-Instabilität eines rotierenden Wasserstoff-Lichtbogens im axialen Magnetfeld
Authors: Döbele H
Published: February 2015

A hydrogen arc with a hollow anode in an axial magnetic field is subjected to Rayleigh-Taylor instabilities as a result of rotation due to the radial current components at the anode. These instabilities take the form of periodic fluctuations in the light intensity emitted from the boundary regions of the arc. The modes m = 4 to m = 7 which occur in succession with increasing magnetic field are identified by measuring the signal phases in end-on observation of the arc. The rotational velocity of the arc plasma is determined spectroscopically and comparison is made with the non-dissipative MHD theory, which yields growth rates ∼

.The deviations from this theory that were observed in this experiment are ascribed to dissipative effects.
Diffusion von In und Cu in ZnS-Einkristallen
Authors: Nelkowski H. , Bollmann G.
Published: February 2015

The diffusion of In and Cu in ZnS single crystals was investigated by means of radioactive tracers. The diffusion constant Do and the activation energy EA of the diffusion equation D = D0 · exp(- EA/kT) were determined by analysing the temperature dependence of the concentration profiles. The result for ln EA = 2,2 eV, D0 = 30cm2 s-1) is interpreted as a diffusion via Zn vacancies and that for Cu (EA - 0,79 eV, D0 = 2,6 · 10-3 cm2 s-1) as a diffusion via interstitial sites which probably is influenced by Zn vacancies. - Preceding doping with In significantly retards the Cu diffusion, consistent with the model of Cu-In pair formation. The reasons for some deviations of the experimental data from the calculated concentration profiles are discussed. - Diffusion measurements with high Cu-concentrations yield a Cu-solubility of 300 ppm at 840 K and 1000 ppm at 950 K.
Einfluß des elektrischen Feldes auf Haftterme in polykristallinem Selen
Authors: Kispéter J.
Published: February 2015

The influence of the electric field on the thermally stimulated currents (TSC) in polycrystalline trigonal selenium is investigated. The field strength is varied from 12 V cm-1 to 1500 V cm-1 , and the temperature from 110°K to 270 °K with a heating rate of 0.03 °K s _1 . The observed oscillations of the TSC curves suggest a broad spectrum of traps (trap depth from 0.125 to 0.208 eV) which could be associated with oxygen impurities.
Über die Eigenschaften einer auf einem Siliciumkristall aufgebrachten epitaxialen Germaniumschicht
Authors: Kanerva H.K.J , Stubb H. , Stubb T.
Published: February 2015

Durch Reduktion von Germaniumtetrachlorid wurde Germanium auf die Oberfläche eines Si-Kristalls aufgebracht. Es wurden Oberflächenresistivität, Seebeck-Koeffizient und Hall- Konstante der epitaxialen Schichten bestimmt. Den erhaltenen Resultaten zufolge weist die Schicht dieselben Eigenschaften auf wie der Übergang einer durch Legieren hergestellten Ge/Si- Struktur.
Zur Bestimmung der effektiven Masse von Ladungsträgern in ZnS
Authors: Schanda J. , Gergely G. , Gál M.
Published: February 2015

The reduced effective mass m* of the carriers in ZnS was determined b y means of the Franz- Keldysh-effect. The field dependence of the band gap was calculated using the field dependence of transmission and the slope of the absorption curve. The values of TO* for field directions F Ⅱ c and F ⊥ c and for light polarised E Ⅱ c and E ⊥ c are in the order of 0.02 m0- This is unexpected because this value is one order of magnitude smaller than those of other II-VI compounds.
Separation of Binary Gas Mixtures by Thermal Diffusion Columns
Authors: Saxena V.K. , Saxena S.C.
Published: February 2015

Two hot-wire type of glass thermal diffusion columns (approximately 3 m long, 8 mm internal diameter and fitted with an axial platinum wire 0.5 mm diameter) have been used to study the characteristics of gas mixture separation. In particular, the mixtures of Ne-Ar and He-Ar are examined, and the dependence of the separation factor, q, on the pressure and composition of the gas mixture and the temperature of the hot-wire is investigated. The variation of q with pressure and temperature for nonisotopic mixtures is in qualitative agreement with the predictions of the theory for isotopic mixtures. Further q is found to increase as the proportion of the lighter component in the mixture is decreased. These conclusions are of special relevance for the purification of gas mixtures viz., the removal of the lighter gas impurity from the mixture.
The Functional Method in the Theory of Real Gases
Authors: Lux E.
Published: February 2015

The relations of the theory of real gases which have first been derived by Mayer and his co-workers can be obtained in a simple way by the functional method. In this case the assumption of the pairwise additivity of the intermolecular potential can be dropped. Apart from some new relations for distributions functions the expansion of the direct correlation functions is obtained as a power series in density with coefficients consisting of integrals over Husimi functions.
Kompressibilität und Strukturumwandlungen im flüssigen Äthylen
Authors: Dorfmüller Th.
Published: February 2015

The isothermal compressibility of liquid ethylene was measured at 142.8 °K with a high resolution compressibility cell. The compressibility vs. pressure curve shows three ma-xima between 5 and 45 atmospheres and a marked decrease above 45 atmospheres. A tentative explanation of the pheno-menon is given in terms of structure changes.
Quantum Velocity Space Distributions
Authors: Gilson J.G.
Published: February 2015

In a recent paper 1 , the present author has shown that it is possible to reformulate Schrödinger quantum mechanics in terms of a two fluid phase space or velocity space struc-ture. The distribution which has played a central role in this work, except that the function y(ri, r2) has not before now been introduced into its prescription, has the form m (x, 11 vi, ^2) =
On Light Scattering by Polyatomic Fluids
Authors: Hess S.
Published: February 2015

"Scattering equations" are derived which relate the spectrum of the light scattered from a poly-atomic fluid to the spectral functions of the fluctuating spherical (scalar) and anisotropic parts of the electric permeability tensor. The influence of a constant external (electric or magnetic) field is considered. For a gas of linear molecules, it is shown that the fluctuations leading to the depolarized Rayleigh light scattering are fluctuations of the mean (2nd rank) tensor polarization of the rotational angular momenta of the molecules. Furthermore, the fluctuations associated with the rotational Raman scattering are expressed by fluctuations of the mean values of (2nd rank) tensor operators which induce transitions between the rotational levels of a molecule.
Chemisch induzierte Kernpolarisation von Phenylhalogeniden bei der Photolyse von Aroylperoxiden
Authors: Lehnig M. , Fischer H.
Published: February 2015

By a flow technique chemically induced nuclear polarization is observed in the NMR-spectra of phenylhalides formed during photolysis of aroylperoxides in solution. The main features of the polarization are quantitatively explained by dynamic nuclear polarization (CIDNP) of protons in the intermediate phenyl radicals. Some details however indicate that a second polarization mechanism is also present. This mechanism leads to a multiplet-effect type polarization and operates presumably during bond fromation in the radical reactions. Some results on the magnetic field dependence of the nuclear polarizations are given.
The Electrical Cationic Mobilities of (Na —Rb)NO3 and (Tl — Rb)NO3 Molten Mixtures
Authors: Forcheri Sandro , Wagner Vittoriano
Published: February 2015

The cationic internal mobilities of the (Na-Rb)NO3 (over a large temperature range) and (Tl-Rb)NO3 (at 325 °C) molten systems, have been determined. The trends of the mobility iso­therms of (Na-Rb)NO3 do not change with temperature. The preexponential factors of the Arrhe­nius plots are nearly (within the experimental accuracy) independent of composition. The activa­tion energy of the Na+ mobility, passing from NaNO3 to RbNO3 , increases by about 0.8 kcal·mole-1; the activation energy of Rb+ passing from RbNO3 to NaNO3 decreases by about 0.4 kcal·mole-1. The Tl+ and Rb+ mobilities in the (Tl-Rb)NO3 system vary linearly with composition and are equal within ~ 5%. The mobility results in both systems confirm the validity of equations for the equivalent conductivity excesses previously described.
Notizen: On the Beta Decay of 237 Pa
Authors: Egidy T. , Morinaga H. , Lingeman E. , Polak P.
Published: February 2015

There is a discrepancy on the decay of 237 Pa to 237 U in the literature. CRANE and IDDINGS 1 determined a half life of 10.5 ± 1 min, PATE and POSKANZER 2 found 10 min and TRAUTMANN, DENIG, KAFFRELL and HERR-MANN 3 -4 measured 8.7 ± 0.2 min. But TAKAHASHI and MORINAGA 5 give a value of 39 + 3 min. In order to solve this problem the experiment of Takahashi and Morinaga was repeated. Natural U308 was irradiated for 30 min with bremsstrahlung of the IKO electron linear accelerator (EVA) at Amsterdam (electron en-ergy 50 MeV, electron current 5 //A). 237 Pa is expect-ed to be produced by the reaction 238 U(7,p) 237 Pa. The chemical procedure suggested by NAKAI and YAJIMA 5 -6 was used to remove the fission products.
Notizen: Anwendungsbereich der vereinfachten Maxwell-Wagnerschen Theorie / Range of Application of the Simple Maxwell-Wagner Theory
Authors: Zeeck Erich , Voitländer Jürgen
Published: February 2015

The simple Maxwell-Wagner theory of dielectric loss which is applicable only in combination with the method of the Argand diagram to the analysis of a. c. impedance measurements on powdered semiconductors at frequencies below 103 kc, is a good approximation when directly applied to the analysis of microwave measurements.
On the Behavior of Short-lived Cosmic Ray Produced Nuclides in the Lower Atmosphere
Authors: Roedel Walter
Published: February 2015

Some aspects of short-lived cosmic ray produced nuclides in the lower atmosphere, especially of Na24 , and their qualities as tracers for atmospheric motion are studied. The Na24 production rate has been estimated. The distribution of this nuclide as a function of altitude in the lower atmosphere has been described by a steady state eddy diffusion model. Measurements of Na24 in ground-level air have been carried out. The measured activities varied from 0.07 ·10-3 to 0.28·10-3 dpm/m3 . These figures are in good accordance with the calculated values for reasonable diffusion parameters.

Calculations suggest that CRP-nuclides with life-times in the order of a day are useful as tracers for atmospheric motions in the range of eddy diffusion coefficients of about 5·104 to several 106 cm2 sec-1 , and for altitudes below four of five kilometers.

Furthermore some relations between the specific radioactivity of rainwater and the specific activity of cloud-level air, with special respect to short-living CRP-nuclides are found. The evaluation of some measurements of Na24 activity in rain water shows good consistency between real atmospheric conditions and calculated values.
Vapour Pressure and Activity Coefficients of Dilute 2,2,4 Trimethylpentane(Isooctane)-Acetone Mixtures
Authors: Edwards J. , Encina M.V.
Published: February 2015

Vapour pressure measurements are carried out to test Raoult's law at extreme concentrations, and the deviations are reported. - The azeotropic point is measured and qualitative discussions are presented.
One-Dimensional N-body Problem with 8-Interaction
Authors: Jannussis A.D.
Published: February 2015

We have studied the one dimensional N-body problem with delta-function interaction and width 2 C.

To determine the ground-state energy and the excitation spectrum we arrive at integral equations similar to the equation of Hulthen.

The solution of the integral equation is achieved by the moments method and the results are compared with those found in the literature.
Negative Ionen durch Elektronenstoß an 2-Methoxy-2-hydroperoxy-propan
Authors: Jäger K. , Henglein A. , Doumont M.
Published: February 2015

Electron attachment to 2-methoxy-2-hydroperoxy propane often leads to a breakage of the 0 - 0 bond. The resulting ion CH3OC (CH3) 2O- carries excess energy and frequently dissociates either into CH2C(CH3)O- and methanol or HC(CH3)2O- and formaldehyde. In addition, a methyl group may be split from the methoxy group. The resulting ion -OC(CH3)2O2H has a high electron affinity (probably more than 3 eV). Other processes occurring frequently are the loss of H2 to produce C4H8O3
- and the formation of O2
-. Many other ions with low abundances have also been observed.
Mean Life Time of Excited State of n → π* Transition of Nitrate Ion in Solution
Authors: Tandon Kamla , Tandon S. P.
Published: February 2015

The mean life time, T, of the excited state of the n → π* transition of the nitrate ion in different solvents has been estimated from a spectrophotometric study. These T values are by a factor of 10-3 - 10-4 smaller than computed values for vibration perturbation. The values decrease with increase in the hydrogen bonding power of the solvent. Hydrogen bonding perturbation has been suggested to be the cause of the observed life time of the excited state
Potential Distribution in a Two-emitter Diode
Authors: Troppmann Manfred
Published: February 2015

The existing model of a "collisionless" alkali plasma diode is extended including the case of two incandescent plane electrodes emitting electrons as well as ions with a half-Maxwellian velocity distribution. The potential distributions within the diode space derived from this theory are examined in detail. Physically necessary conditions reduce the well-known ambiguity of solutions to a single one (with uniform plasma potential) at a given set of parameters. Further solutions, cor-responding to spatially oscillatory potential shapes which are consistent with the collisionless theory, disappear if the ion-ion collision probability within the diode plasma exceeds 0.1 per emitter distance.

In the experiment the potential distributions are scanned using a new electron beam probing technique. The results agree with theory.
Abschätzung der für die Ionenextraktion wichtigen Parameter der Raumladungsschicht
Authors: Fette K. , Hesse J.
Published: February 2015

Ions extracted from a plasma often have to pass a space charge existing in front of the container wall. If collisions occur within the sheath, both, the ion composition and the extraction efficiency may heavily be influenced.

The parameters of interest are the extension and the field strength of the sheath. A theory is presented by which these quantities can be calculated.

The theory holds for a positive space charge, the orifice being biased negativ with respect to the plasma potential.

Numerical results are given concerning a weekly ionized nitrogen plasma.
Ein Verfahren zur Berechnung der Elektronen-Populationen in großen Molekülen unter Berücksichtigung aller Elektronen
Authors: Janoschek B.
Published: February 2015

Es wird gezeigt, daß bei Verwendung eines minimalen Basissatzes schon allein aus der Diago-nalisierung der Uberlappungsmatrix des Basissatzes exakt die gleichen Daten für die Population Analysis resultieren wie bei vorangegangener SCF Prozedur.

Daraus folgt, daß die zur Berechnung der Elektronen-Population eines Moleküls nötige Rechen-zeit auf einen kleinen Bruchteil der Rechenzeit für SCF-Rechnungen gesunken ist und daß die maximale berechenbare Anzahl der Elektronen um ein Vielfaches gestiegen ist. Dieses Verfahren ist für Slater-Funktionen als Basis ebenso brauchbar wie für Gauß-Orbitale.
Über den Schwingungsenergieaustausch zwischen Lumineszenz- zentrum und umgebendem Dielektrikum
Authors: Kawski A. , Kukielski J.
Published: February 2015

Mit Hilfe der Stepanovschen Beziehung zwischen Absorptions- und Fluoreszenzspektrum wurden die effektiven Temperaturen bei der Anregung von Diphenylanthracen, Dibromanthracen, Dichloranthracen, Rhodamin 6 G und Rhodamin B in verschiedenen Lösungsmitteln bestimmt. Während Diphenylanthracen, Dibromanthracen und Dichloranthracen in flüssigen Lösungen keine Erhöhung der effektiven Temperatur zeigen, trat bei allen fünf Substanzen in festem Polymethylmethacrylat eine solche auf. Die effektiven Temperaturen des Leuchtzentrums betrugen bei Diphenylanthracen 360 °K, Dibromanthracen 364 °K und Dichloranthracen 362 °K, bei einer Lösungsmitteltemperatur von 293 °K. Bei den Rhodaminen (6 G und B) betrugen die entsprechenden Werte 380 °K und 430 ° K gegenüber 298 °K.
Diffusionskonstanten einiger organischer Flüssigkeiten
Authors: Krüger Gottfried J. , Weiss Rene
Published: February 2015

The self diffusion coefficients of acetone, ethanol, diethoxymethane, diethylether, diglycole-dimethylether, 1,2-dimethoxyethane, acetic acid, methyliodide, tetrahydrofuran, toluene, trimethylphosphite, and 1,3,5-trifluorobenzene have been measured in dependence on temperature using nuclear magnetic resonance spin echo techniques.
Untersuchungen über das Verhalten der chemischen Bindung im elektrischen Feld II. Das Methylchloridmolekül CH3Cl
Authors: Drossbach P. , Schmittinger P.
Published: February 2015

Das Methylchloridmolekül CH3Cl wurde unter Berücksichtigung aller 26 Elektronen bei 7 Kern-abständen und 7 verschiedenen Feldstärken nach dem SCF-MO-LC (LCGO)-Verfahren berechnet. Das Dipolmoment wurde als Funktion des Kernabstandes und der Feldstärken studiert. Für einige besonders interessante Orbitale wurde die Dichteverteilungsfunktion der Elektronen aufgezeichnet. An Hand der totalen Orbitalenergien und der Kräfte wurden die Energieverschiebungen bei Ein-tritt der Bindung und bei den tiefsten Orbitalen im Vergleich zu anderen aber hochsymmetrischen Molekülen analysiert.
Eine klassische Feldtheorie für die innere Struktur des Elektrons / A Classical Field Theory Describing the Inner Structure of an Electron
Authors: Kasper Erwin
Published: February 2015

A theory is given which permits a connection between an inner structure of an electron and the motion of its center of mass obeying Dirac's equation. In order to describe inner properties of the particle a classical nonlinear spinor equation is derived from a Lagrangian. There exist rotational symmetric solutions which are simultaneously finite, stationary, normalizable and strongly localisated, and which yield the mass at rest, the spin and the magnetic moment of the particle in a correct manner. Since these solutions are in contradiction to Heisenberg's uncertainty principle the calculated properties cannot be directly observed in the laboratory system. Therefore an eight-dimensional configuration space is introduced containing the laboratory system and the center-of-masssystem. In this space the wave equation is formulated as a nonlinear differential equation for a spin tensor of second order. If the interaction with an external electromagnetic field is very weak a separation of this tensor equation into the nonlinear spinor equation mentioned above and into Dirac's equation is possible. Observable quantities in the laboratory system can be obtained by integration over the inner coordinates
Low Energy Gamma Transitions in 171Tm
Authors: El-Nesr M. S.
Published: February 2015

The low energy gamma-ray spectrum of 171Er has been studied with the use of both Ge (Li) gamma-ray and a high resolution iron free double focusing beta-ray spectrometer. The data provide K-conversion coefficients and multipolarities of eight gamma-rays. Spin and parity assignments 7/2+, 3/2+, 5/2+ and 5/2+ are given to the 636, 676, 738 and 913 keV levels respectively
Koinzidenzmessung von Photoionen und Photoelektronen
Authors: Puttkamer E. V.
Published: February 2015

Coincidence measurements between photoelectrons and photoions produced by 21.21 eV quanta from helium are described. The photoelectrons are energy analysed by a retarding field spectrometer, the photc'ons mass analysed by a magnetic mass spectrometer. The coincidence curves show the fragmentation of a molecular ion as a function of the internal energy of that ion. Molecules investigated are H2O, NH3, CH4, CD4, C2H2, C2H4, C2H6, HCOOH, and CH3OH. In some cases fragmentation does not seem to occur completely, though the internal energy of the ion is sufficient
Zur Thermodynamik flüssiger unvollständig dissoziierter binärer Elektrolytmischungen
Authors: Dücker K.-H.
Published: February 2015

Für eine Elektrolytmischung aus zwei Komponenten, deren Moleküle in einer Stufe dissoziieren und die ein gemeinsames Ion (Kation oder Anion) besitzen, werden die diemischen Potentiale der Komponenten und der in der Mischung vorhandenen Teilchenarten zueinander in Beziehung gesetzt. In Analogie zur „idealen assoziierten Mischung" oder „idealen vollständig dissoziierten Mischung" wird die „ideale unvollständig dissoziierte Mischung" definiert. Die Aktivitätskoeffizienten der Komponenten dieser idealen Mischung haben im gesamten Konzentrationsbereich den Wert 1. Die Betrachtung des Verdampfungsgleichgewichtes liefert Ausdrücke zur Berechnung der Aktivitätskoeffizienten aus Partialdampfdruckmessungen. Einige Spezialfälle werden erörtert
Two-Group Neutron Transport Theory for Plane and Spherical Geometry
Authors: Thielheim K. O. , Blöcker W.
Published: February 2015

Two-Group neutron transport theory is applied to critical problems in plane and spherical geometry. The neutron flux and the density transform for plane and spherical geometry respectively are expanded into singular eigenfunctions of the transport equation. With aid of the theory of singular integral equations the problem is reduced to one Fredholm integral equation for the expansion coefficients. The critical equations are presented as additional conditions.
Zur Nukleon-Nukleon-S-Streuung mit Hilfe von Einbosonaustausch-Potentialen
Authors: Trübenbacher E.
Published: February 2015

An attempt is discussed to parametrize the low-energy nucleon-nucleon S-scattering data by a non-relativistic Potential corresponding to the exchange of quantum numbers JP, with mass and coupling constants of a fictive "meson" as parameters. Whereas 1S-scattering presents no difficulties, a final decision about the usefulness of the potentials was prevented by the instabilities of the numerical integrations in case of 3S-scattering with respect to a unitarity test built into the computer programme. As a by-product, a multipole expansion of the one boson exchange potential is given in analogy to electrostatics.
Untersuchungen der Stepanowschen Beziehung zwischen Absorptions-und Emissionsspektrum an 4-Aminophthalamid in Benzol-Methanol-Gemischen
Authors: Kawski A. , Kukielski J.
Published: February 2015

Die Gültigkeit der Stepanowschen Beziehung zwischen Absorptions-und Fluoreszenzspektrum an 4-Aminophthalimid in Benzol-Methanol-Gemischen wurde experimentell untersucht. Während 4-Aminophthalimid in reinen Benzol-bzw. Methanol-Lösungen keine Erhöhung der effektiven Temperatur bei der Anregung zeigt, wird in den Gemischen beider eine solche beobachtet. Das gelöste Molekül ist in der Mischung mit einer Solvathülle umgeben und die Temperatur T* entspricht der lokalen Temperatur des Solvatkomplexes.
Quantitative Ausmessung des Brom-Affinitätskontinuums und Bestimmung der Detachment-und Attachment-Querschnitte
Authors: Frank H. , Neiger M. , Popp H.-P.
Published: February 2015

A wall stabilized low-current cylindric arc was used to produce the radiation of the negative Bromine-ions. The radiation consists of an affinity-continuum with a long-wave threshold of 3682 Å, yielding an electron affinity for Bromine of 3.366 eV, and of an intense electron-atom Bremsstrahlung in the visible. Intensity measurements of the continua allow the determination of the photo-detachment-and attachment-cross-sections of Bromine and also the determination of the mean elastic cross-section of electrons against Bromine atoms.
Zur Deutung der kernmagnetischen Relaxation in Proteinlösungen
Authors: Kimmich R. , Noack F.
Published: February 2015

Measurements of longitudinal and transversal proton relaxation times in both H2O and mixed H2O/D2O protein solutions show a low-frequency as well as a high-frequency dispersion of the longitudinal relaxation time and a nonexponential two-phase transversal relaxation. These results are discussed qualitatively in terms of “rigid” and “mobile” relaxation centers within the protein molecules.
Quantenlogische Interpretation orthokomplementärer quasimodularer Verbände
Authors: Mittelstaedt P.
Published: February 2015

In dem orthokomplementären, quasimodularen Verband der Teilräume des Hilbert-Raumes lassen sich die Relationen der Implikation und Kommensurabilität als Operationen definieren. Dadurch wird es möglich, diesen Verband als einen quantenlogischen Aussagenkalkül zu interpretieren. Die Begriffe Implikation und Kommensurabilität stimmen dabei überein mit den im Rahmen der Logik operativ definierten entsprechenden Begriffen.
Hyperfeinstruktur des Rotationsspektrums bei zwei vergleichbaren Quadrupolkopplungskonstanten: Inj
Authors: Schenk B. , Tiemann E. , Hoeft J.
Published: February 2015

Frequenzen und relative Intensitäten der Hyperfeinstrukturlinien eines Rotationsübergangs eines zweiatomigen Moleküls, dessen beide Quadrupolwechselwirkungsenergien vergleichbar mit der Rota-tionsenergie sind, werden exakt berechnet. Aus den Rotationsübergängen J = 2 → 3, 14→15, 15 →16, 16→17 und 17→18 von 115ln 127J wurden die Dunham-Koeffizienten und Kernquadru-polkopplungskonstanten dieses Moleküls bestimmt:

y01 = 1105,246(15) MHz,

Y21= 2,4 (6) kHz,

Y11= -3,121 (6) MHz,

Y02= -227 (13) Hz,

e qv Q(115ln) = - 607,5 (5) +0,8 (8) (v+1/2) MHz,

e qv Q(127J) = -386,4 (4) -2,3 (8) (v +1 /2) MHz.
A Comment on Zeeman Effects in Rotation Spectra
Authors: Howard B.J. , Moss R.E.
Published: February 2015

Recently SUTTER et al. 1 obtained a Hamiltonian for a molecule in the presence of a constant external elec-tromagnetic field. (A similar Hamiltonian has been de-veloped 2 , but including molecular vibrations, relativis-tic corrections and allowance for the fact that the mo-lecular centre of gravity differs from the nuclear centre of gravity.) We believe that the Hamiltonian of Sutter et al. is not correct, since they make two errors of principle in performing their gauge transformation. They start with a Lagrangian expressed in terms of the particle positions, rn\ in a space-fixed coordinate system. Each particle is associated with an external vector potential,-^«' = rn', where H is the constant external magnetic field. At this stage a gauge transfor-mation may be performed: An'-+An'-VnX, (1)
Decay Schemes of Mo91 and Mo91m
Authors: De Barros S. , Maurenzig P. R. , Baptista G. , Canto L. F. , De Pinho A. G. , Jeronymo J. M. F.
Published: February 2015

Seven previously unreported gamma rays in the decay of Mo91
g-s -were observed and had their energy and intensity measured.

For Mo91m two new gamma rays were observed and the levels fed by its decay were identified with l=1 levels found by (He3, d) reaction.
Thermodynamische Analyse kalorimetrischer Messungen an Aluminium und Wolfram im Bereich hoher Temperaturen
Authors: Schmidt Udo , Vollmer Otmar , Kohlhaas Rudolf
Published: February 2015

Mit Hilfe eines quasi-adiabatisch und kontinuierlich arbeitenden Hochtemperatur-Kalori-meters wurde die spezifische Wärme von Aluminium und Wolfram sowie die Schmelzwärme von Aluminium gemessen. Eine atomistische thermodynamische Analyse ermöglicht eine Aussage über den Beitrag der anharmonischen Gitterschwingungen zur spezifischen Wärme bei konstantem Volumen.
Potentialflächen angeregter Zustände von H3 / Potential-Energy Surfaces for Excited States of H3
Authors: Frenkel E.
Published: February 2015

Ab-initio calculations for low-lying states of H3 in C2v and D∞h symmetry are reported. It is shown that the potential energy surfaces of some states dissociating to H2(X, 1Σg
+) and H (n = 2) possess deep minima in D3h symmetry. The results are used to discuss recent experiments on the reaction of H2 with metastable H.
Isotope Effects in Close-Packed Metals and in Alkali Halides
Authors: Brown R. C. , Worster J. , March N. H. , Perrin R. C. , Bullough R.
Published: February 2015

An expression was obtained earlier by the authors, on the basis of Vineyard's rate theory, for the sharing of the kinetic energy of a diffusing isotope at the saddlepoint with other host atoms. The theory is expressed in terms of the (imaginary) frequency of the localised vibration in which the diffusing atom at the saddlepoint is coupled to its neighbours.

Numerical results are presented for the case of a Cu isotope diffusing by the vacancy mechanism in a pure Cu lattice. The pair potential determined by Englert, Tompe and Bullough, which fits the phonon spectra and the stacking fault energy, has been employed in the calculation.

The effects of coupling between the diffusing atom and its immediate neighbours are very small with this potential. The main coupling is found to be to the eight third-nearest neighbours. Treating the vibrations of these nine atoms, a sharing of kinetic energy is found, which is in quantitative agreement with the experimentally observed isotope effect, assuming a vacancy mechanism for self­ diffusion. This situation for Cu is in marked contrast to Na, where it was shown in earlier work that the present theory could not explain the observed mass effect, assuming a vacancy mechanism for diffusion.

The diffusion of Cs in the CsCl lattice is also discussed using the same theory. Following our earlier work on NaCl, the localized normal mode considered is that in which the Cs isotope at the saddlepoint is at the centre of a square with four Cl near-neighbour ions at the vertices. A formula for the sharing of kinetic energy is derived, and it is pointed out that, as for NaCl, the force con­ stants can be obtained from the classical approach of Mott and Littleton. An argument is proposed which suggests that, as with NaCl, the sharing of kinetic energy will be small. No experimental data appear as yet to be avaialable for the CsCl structure