bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A GIS dataset of geological features for the Chinkeh Creek map area (95 C/9), Northwest Territories and Yukon Territory
Authors: Lane L S , Fallas K M
Published: November 2010

This geological map and database are derived from regional mapping in the Chinkeh Creek (NTS 95C/9) 1:50 000 scale map area, as part of the Geological Survey of Canada's Central Foreland NATMAP project. Geological features represented by attributed points, lines,
and polygons have been compiled into a GIS dataset suitable for stand-alone use, or integration with other data sets. User-defined attributes provide traditional geological map information with greater detail and enhancements such as explicit orientation data, and lithologies at visited outcrops.
The Chinkeh Creek map area is located along the border between southwestern Northwest Territories and southeastern Yukon near the southern termination of the Franklin Mountains. The Kotaneelee and La Biche Ranges dominate the area and are underlain by folded Devonian to Permian age strata. The
intervening valleys are occupied by synclines that preserve
Cretaceous strata. The box-type Kotaneelee and La Biche anticlines are both west-verging structures with steep-to-overturned western limbs. The La Biche anticline is further modified by a northeast verging thrust fault exposed in the core of the structure. Diverging structural trends can be seen
between the north-trending Kotaneelee anticline and the northwest-trending La Biche structure, reflecting a broader interference pattern in the La Biche River (NTS 95C) map area. The map pattern is also modified by the sub-Cretaceous unconformity that cuts out Permian strata towards the north end of
the map area.
Uranium-lead geochronological results from the Churchill River - Southern Indian Lake transect, northern Manitoba
Authors: Rayner N , Corrigan D
Published: November 2010

Uranium-lead geochronological results are presented from northwestern Manitoba.Arhyolite porphyry from the Rusty Lake Belt was dated by thermal ionization mass spectrometry (TIMS) at 1883 ± 2 Ma. Sensitive High Resolution Ion Microprobe (SHRIMP) analysis of
detrital zircons from the overlying Powder Magazine turbidite suggests a single volcanic provenance and a maximum age of deposition of
1880 ± 4 Ma.Detrital zircons from a Partridge Breast Belt conglomerate indicate a largely arc source (ca. 1.9 Ga), but contain a large proportion of 2.3 to 2.5 Ga zircons. The maximum age of deposition is 1886 ± 4 Ma. SHRIMP dating of a quartz diorite in the Southern Indian Domain yields a
crystallization age of 1889 ± 11Ma, but the quartz diorite contains numerous 2.4 to 2.5 Ga inherited zircons. A megacrystic granite and a monzodiorite from the Southern Indian Domain give indistinguishable TIMS ages of 1829 ± 1 Ma and 1829 ± 2 Ma, respectively, whereas a monzogranite
yielded a ca. 1850 Ma (TIMS) age.
Surficial geology, Inwood, Manitoba
Authors: Grant N M
Published: November 2010

The National Geoscience Mapping Program (NATMAP) was established by Canada's federal, provincial, industry, and academic geoscience community in 1990 to promote multidisciplinary, cooperative, computer-based programs of new geological mapping. The program
addressed the needs of mineral resource development, environmental and societal concerns, as well as fundamental geological knowledge, along with ensuring the training of student geologists in mapping procedures. Under the auspices of NATMAP, Manitoba Geological Survey (MGS) and Geological Survey of
Canada (GSC) cooperated in the completion of surficial geological mapping for the Winnipeg Region. Field data collection for the area southeast of the City of Winnipeg, from 49° to 50° N and from 95° to 97° W, was completed under a first phase of investigations between 1991 and
1996. During a second phase initiated in 1997, mapping was extended north to 51° N and west to 98°W. Field data for the first phase were collected under the direction of G. Matile of MGS in 1993 and 1994. During this phase, 1:100,000 surficial geology maps were completed for the Whitemouth
Lake area (52E/SW), the West Hawk Lake area (52E/NW), the Steinbach area (62H/NE) and the Sandilands area (62H/SE). Fieldwork for the second phase was carried out during 1997 and 1998. Data were collected in the Winkler (62H/SW) and Winnipeg (62H/NW) areas by G. Matile in 1997 and 1998. The
Woodlands (62I/SW) and Inwood (62I/NW) areas were mapped in 1997 and 1998 by N. Grant of the University of Manitoba. The Beausejour (62I/SE) and Bélair (62I/NE) areas were examined by A. Burt of the University of Waterloo. In the summer of 1998, data collection was completed for the Big
Whiteshell Lake (52L/SW) and Nopiming (52L/NW) areas by J. Mann of the University of Manitoba. Maps were subsequently compiled with the aid of air photo interpretation.
Surficial materials of the Virden area, Manitoba and Saskatchewan
Authors: Fulton R J , Blais-Stevens A , Sun C , Eilers R G , Betcher R , Elson J A , Veldhuis H , Fraser W R
Published: November 2010

The Virden area study is part of the Southern Prairies NATMAP Project. In general, the area is flat and characterized by thick drift. Surface materials consist of till, clay, silt, sand, and gravel. The thickness of drift varies from as little as 1 m, where a
single till sheet overlies bedrock, to more than 100 m in buried valleys and where multiple till units are present. During the last glaciation, ice movement was generally towards the southeast. During ice retreat, several glacial lakes formed at the margin of the retreating ice, and a number of
catastrophic floods cut spillways and deposited extensive sheets of sand and gravel. The report package includes extensive databases of field-collected information, borehole records, and aggregate data. These databases have been used to produce a wide variety of derived products which include,
observed surface-material maps, drift-thickness maps etc. These have a number of uses such as showing potential aggregate deposits, making it possible to map aquifers prone to contamination, etc. The package includes innovative software for viewing maps and databases.
Volcanic stratigraphy and structural geology of the area of the Boston gold deposit, Hope Bay volcanic belt, Nunavut
Authors: Sherlock R L , Sandeman H A
Published: November 2010

The Boston gold deposit, located in the southern portion of the Hope Bay volcanic belt, is the largest known gold deposit in the belt. Rock types in the area of the deposit are dominated by mafic volcanic rocks, with smaller amounts of felsic volcanic and
sedimentary rocks. The strata are folded about a large south-plunging F2 synformal anticline cored by mafic pillowed flows that host the Boston deposit. Gold
mineralization is associated with a complex anastomosing high-strain zone which is roughly axial-planar to the main anticline and is tentatively interpreted as the latest expression of D2 strain. Overprinting the main (D2) structural elements is a series of cross folds (F3). The folding event that
produced the latter created a large embayment of supracrustal rocks into the tonalite-granodiorite on the eastern side of the volcanic belt, and also deformed the gold mineralization and associated alteration at the Boston deposit.
Electrical characteristics of rock samples from the central Baffin region, Baffin Island, Nunavut
Authors: Scromeda-Perez N , Connell-Madore S
Published: November 2010

The electrical resistivity characteristics have been determined for five black graphitic shale samples collected from the Astarte River formation, Piling Group of the central Baffin region, Baffin Island, Nunavut. This work consists of analysis and interpretation
of data obtained by 3-D electrical resistivity measurements. The samples were selected to characterize the resistivity of the Astarte River formation, and
determine the effect of strong foliation with porous layers, and of disseminated sulphide minerals oriented parallel to foliation. The purpose of this paper is to document results of the electrical resistivity characteristics for use in interpreting ground electromagnetic surveys which were
conducted in the area. The bulk electrical resistivities (?r) of the five samples investigated in this study are in the range of 8
Electrical conductivity mechanism of graphitic shale from the Astarte River formation, Piling Group, Baffin Island, Nunavut
Authors: Connell-Madore S , Hunt P , Li J
Published: November 2010

Textural examination using scanning electron microscope analysis, was carried out on four graphitic shale subsamples, from the Astarte River formation, Baffin Island, Nunavut. Electrical resistivity measurements previously made on these mineralized rocks indicate
that they display weak to strong anisotropic characteristics (5:1 to 275:1), with low and high resistivities of 8 - 16 000
Electrical conductivity mechanism and textures of mineralized sericite schist from the Gold Lake area of the Yellowknife mining district, Northwest Territories
Authors: Connell-Madore S , Hunt P
Published: November 2010

The electrical conductivity mechanisms have been determined for five subsamples taken from two mineralized schist samples collected from the Gold Lake area of the Yellowknife mining district, Northwest Territories. The samples were selected to characterize the
resistivity of the alteration zone, determine the effect of crosscutting veins, and of fine-grained sulphide minerals oriented parallel to foliation. The purpose of this paper is to document, within the framework of the Yellowknife EXTECH-III Project, results of the laboratory electrical resistivity
determinations for use in interpreting ground electromagnetic surveys which have been conducted in the Gold Lake area.
Results indicate that high bulk electrical resistivity (?r) values are likely a result of poor sulphide grain connectivity and of fairly continuous quartz and calcite layers. The lower ?r values are due to good sulphide grain connectivity. Alteration visible in hand sample and in scanning electron
microscope images suggest that the effect of some pore-fluid conductivity exists as well.
A GIS dataset of geological features for the Red Fern Lake area (94 G/5), British Columbia
Authors: Lane L S
Published: November 2010

The geological map and database are derived from regional mapping in the Redfern Lake (NTS 94G/5) 1:50 000 scale map area, as
part of the Geological Survey of Canada's Central Foreland NATMAP project. Geological features represented by attributed points, lines, and polygons have been compiled into a GIS dataset suitable for stand-alone use, or integration with other data sets. User-defined attributes provide traditional
geological map information with greater detail and enhancements. Redfern Lake map area encompasses the transition from the Foothills to the Main Ranges of the northern Rocky Mountains of northeastern British Columbia. The Foothills are underlain by late Paleozoic and Mesozoic rocks that are
deformed into long linear folds with minor thrust faults, all detached on a basal
decollement in the underlying Besa River Formation. The Main Ranges in the western part of the map area are underlain by lower Paleozoic limestones, dolostones and quartzites emplaced by large, shallow-dipping thrust faults onto the Besa River Formation. The dolostones are internally deformed by
smaller thrust fault. The limestones contain tight overturned folds with penetrative cleavage. Whereas the early Paleozoic rocks are dominated by thick panels of carbonate rocks, the late Paleozoic and younger units are dominated by clastic rocks with subsidiary but economically significant
carbonates in the Carboniferous Prophet (Debolt) Formation and the Triassic Charlie Lake, Baldonnel and Pardonet formations. Broad glacially scoured river valleys cut through the ranges. Some
of these valleys are occupied by transverse faults which accommodate differential shortening and/or structural transitions at depth.
Jurassic - Lower Cretaceous (Oxfordian to Lower Aptian) Strata, Yukon Territory - Northwest Territories (a contribution to the Geological Atlas of the Northern Canadian Mainland Sedimentary Basin)
Authors: Dixon J
Published: November 2010

Oxfordian to Aptian strata have a similar distribution to that of the underlying Bug Creek Group, except that they overlap the older Jurassic beds at the basin margins. This overlap is seen south of Rat Uplift, under northern Eagle Plain, and under southern
Mackenzie Delta and the Tuktoyaktuk Peninsula. Upper Aptian-Lower Albian strata likewise overlap Jurassic and Berriasian to Lower Aptian strata, such that they underlie a much larger area of northern mainland Canada than older Mesozoic rocks (see Dixon, this volume).
Lower Cretaceous (Albian) to Tertiary strata, Yukon Territory - Northwest Territories (a contribution to the Geological Atlas of the Northern Canadian Mainland Sedimentary Basin)
Authors: Dixon J
Published: November 2010

The state of knowledge concerning Albian to Tertiary geology of northwest Canada is best described as at an advanced reconnaissance level, with local areas where greater detail is known. However, the basic stratigraphic-structural framework is reasonably well
known, allowing us to present a well-founded geological history of the area.

Although Albian to Tertiary strata cover a large area of the western mainland of Northwest Territories and the northern Yukon (Fig. 1), their thickness is not great, except in the foldbelt of the northern Yukon. The wide extent of these strata was the result of a major, craton-wide
transgression in the Late Aptian-Early Albian, which linked the boreal and southern seas into a large interior seaway covering much of western North America. In western Canada, this transgressive event is recognized as the beginning of Mannville deposition, and in northeast British
Columbia/southeast Yukon as the beginning of deposition of the Fort St. John Group. In northwestern mainland Canada, the equivalent event is seen as a major cratonward overlap of older Cretaceous sediments, such that Upper Aptian-Lower Albian strata overlap Lower Aptian strata and rest directly on
Paleozoic beds. Although at present there is no continuous outcrop of
Albian strata between the northern mainland and northeast British Columbia/northern Alberta, the commonality of facies trends, and floras and faunas indicate that there was once a laterally continuous succession.

Albian to Tertiary strata record the infill of the foreland basins adjacent to the Cordilleran orogen and the progressive shift of sedimentation to the continental margins. During the latter phase of sedimentation a few interior basins remained on the continental areas.
Stratigraphic and structural relationships across the Columbia River fault zone, Vernon and Lardeau map areas, British Columbia
Authors: Lemieux Y , Thompson R I , Erdmer P
Published: November 2010

The Columbia River fault zone in southern British Columbia has been interpreted as an Eocene crustal-scale detachment with tens of kilometres of hanging-wall displacement to the east. Along much of its length, it is defined by a shallow-dipping mylonite zone
hundreds of metres thick. Field observations along Upper Arrow Lake, however, do not support the presence of a shallow-dipping detachment and
show the existence of multiple, moderately to steeply dipping, brittle fault zones with limited displacement. The observed regional continuity of a Middle to Upper Paleozoic succession across the Columbia River fault zone is consistent with displacement of a few kilometres or less. This Paleozoic
succession is lithologically distinct from the Lardeau and Milford groups east of the Kuskanax Batholith. The transition between the two successions could be a basinal hinge, the locus of depositional interfingering, or a fault of syndepositional or postdepositional origin.
Geology of the Spatsizi River map area, north-central British Columbia
Authors: Evenchick C A , Thorkelson D J
Published: November 2010

Spatsizi River map area is underlain by early Carboniferous to Quaternary rocks. The primary tectonostratigraphic elements are Stikinia, Bowser Basin, and Sustut Basin. The primary structural feature is the Skeena Fold Belt.

Stikinia is composed of Carboniferous to early Middle Jurassic clastic, volcanic, and intrusive rocks. It is overlain by the Bowser Lake Group, a late Middle Jurassic to mid-Cretaceous clastic overlap assemblage. The Bowser Basin resulted from closure of the Cache Creek Ocean that lay between
Stikinia and Ancestral North America. Sediment was deposited in amagmatic submarine fan, slope, shelf, deltaic, and low- and high-energy fluvial environments. The distribution of fossils and lithofacies assemblages define an overall regressive basin history with facies boundaries migrating
southwest, away from the Cache Creek source. A conservative minimum estimate of thickness of the group is 5000 m. The Sustut Basin is a nonmarine, fluvial basin northeast of the Bowser Basin. The Sustut Group, of Barremian, Aptian, or Albian, to early Maastrichtian age, is at least 2000 m thick.
Initial deposits were mica-rich and had an eastern (Omineca Belt) source. The appearance of abundant chert clasts in the lower formation signals initiation of a western, Bowser Lake Group, source. The change in source area illustrates impact of the evolving Skeena Fold Belt, which was active in the
Early and Late Cretaceous. Folds and thrust faults involve strata as low as Stikinia, and most verge northeast. The Skeena Fold Belt terminates to the northeast in a triangle zone within the Sustut Basin.
Geological setting of listwanite (carbonated serpentinite) at Atlin, British Columbia: implications for CO2 sequestration and lode-gold mineralization
Authors: Hansen L D , Anderson R G , Dipple G M , Nakano K
Published: November 2010

Carbonate-altered serpentinite (listwanite) is commonly associated with gold mineralization, but also binds large quantities of the greenhouse gas carbon dioxide. At Atlin, listwanite alteration progressed through three carbonation reactions that resulted in the
same overall mineral transformations as proposed for the industrial sequestration of anthropogenic CO2 by the process of mineral carbonation.
Therefore, alteration of serpentinite to listwanite serves as a natural analogue to CO2 sequestration. Listwanite alteration is concentrated along faults and two orthogonal fracture sets, and extends tens of metres into the wall rock. One fracture orientation is preferentially mineralized. The
carbonation reactions most distal to the fracture system consume olivine and brucite, and record grain-scale percolation of CO2-bearing fluids into serpentinite hundreds of metres from visible carbonate alteration. These previously unrecognized reactions may be relevant for in situ CO2
sequestration. Extensive carbonation in the carbonate alteration systems generated fracture permeability that promoted further infiltration and may have accelerated carbonation and gold mineralization.
Surficial geology, Foley Island, central Baffin Island, Nunavut
Authors: Dredge L
Published: November 2010

This map is part of a series depicting the surficial geology of Central Baffin Island. The mapping of Quaternary deposits, measurement of ice flow indicators, interpretation of glacial and post-glacial history, and geochemical sampling of the till in this area
are part of an integrated multi-component mapping project led by Marc St-Onge and supported by the Geological Survey of Canada, the Canada-Nunavut Geoscience Office, and the Polar Continental Shelf Project. Field work related to the surficial geology component was conducted in 2001 and 2002. Field
traverses and air photo interpretation provided information on the nature and distribution of surface materials shown on the map, which was constructed using 1:60,000 scale aerial photographs compiled onto a 1:100,000 scale base.
Quaternary geology of western Meta Incognita Peninsula and Iqaluit area, Baffin Island, Nunavut
Authors: Hodgson D A
Published: November 2010

Surficial materials mapping has enlarged on previous Quaternary topical and areal studies in an area that includes the largest community in Nunavut. Till, which is uniformly sandy and clast-supported, covers a minority of the varied metamorphic and igneous
bedrock. A strongly developed end-moraine belt, the Frobisher Bay Moraine System and associated outwash valley trains are the only extensive depositional landforms. Till geochemistry shows no significant anomalies.

There is no terrestrial record of the pre-Late Wisconsin Glaciation other than cirques. Last glacial ice flowing from local, Foxe Ice Dome, down Hudson Strait, and cross-strait sources is recorded by scarce striations. The chronology of the flows is partially known: by 8.9 ka, local ice retreated
onshore in Frobisher Bay; and by 8.4 ka local and Labrador (Noble Inlet) ice left the Hudson Strait shore. The physical relationships of local and offshore (Hudson Strait) ice remain poorly understood. The latter peripheral ice flows had minor impact on the landscape.

Local and Amadjuak ice divides underwent phases of warm and cold-based flow reflected in, respectively, thick till and till veneer - bedrock. The peninsula topographic and ice divides corresponded in the south, but diverged in the north, where the Foxe Ice Dome topography became dominant. The
asymmetric cross-peninsula ice profile was buttressed by the marine-based Frobisher Bay glacier. In a climatecontrolled readvance phase, this glacier fluctuated while depositing a belt of terminal moraines between 9 - S7 ka. Meanwhile, the land-based belt of the Frobisher Bay Moraine System remained
more stable. In the final phase of deglaciation, the ice divide entirely corresponded with the terrestrial divide. Local ice centres explain much of the emergence pattern.
Introduction to digital images and digital analysis techniques: a basic course for the appreciation of digital analysis of remotely sensed multispectral data
Authors: Alföldi T T
Published: November 2010

This document provides a self-teaching mechanism for the student of digital multispectral image analysis. The detailed step-by-step instructions and the corresponding figures lead the reader through some of the basic analysis procedures used in the study of
satellite images for a variety of earth resources applications. No mathematical ability is required. Using only pencil (and eraser) the reader is led through steps which mimic the actions of a computer. Once this exercise is completed, the reader should have a functional knowledge of the basic
multispectral analysis methods and data presentation formats.
Polarimetric SAR for geomorphic mapping in the intertidal zone, Minas Basin, Bay of Fundy, Nova Scotia
Authors: Hugenholtz C , van der Sanden J J
Published: November 2010

The purpose of this study was to assess the potential of airborne polarimetric Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) data for geomorphic mapping of intertidal terrain. The study is part of ongoing applications development research at the Canada Centre for Remote Sensing
(CCRS) in preparation for the launch of RADARSAT-2 in 2003. Calibrated polarimetric Convair-580 SAR data were acquired during low tide conditions over the southern Bight of Minas Basin, Bay of Fundy, Nova Scotia, in November 1999. It is shown that there is a significant improvement in geomorphic
target identification and discrimination when fully polarimetric SAR data are used. Qualitative analysis of the SAR power images reveals the relative importance of surface and vegetation scatter in the intertidal terrain. Strong backscatter contrasts in the linear polarizations enabled delineation
of the boundaries between various tidal sub-environments. The cross-polarized channel return (s°HV) was the optimal polarization for delineating the mean high water line. The HH-polarized channel return (s°HH) was the optimal polarization for delineating the mean low water line and enabled
differentiation of intertidal sediment classes. Comparison of co-polarized polarimetric response plots from different tidal sub-environments with previous studies reveals the importance of surface roughness as the dominant target scattering mechanism in the intertidal zone. An unsupervised
classification of target scattering behaviour shows good agreement with the known distribution of intertidal vegetation and sediment characteristics.
Electrical conductivity mechanism of sericitic schist samples from Giant and Con mine areas, Yellowknife mining district, Northwest Territories
Authors: Connell S , Hunt P , Katsube T J
Published: November 2010

Detailed textural examination using scanning electron microscope analysis was performed on six sericitic and chloritic-sericite schist samples in a preliminary study designed to determine the electrical resistivity characteristics of alteration zones that
accompany gold-bearing quartz veins in the Yellowknife mining district. The purpose was to obtain information required to help develop efficient exploration strategies.

Results indicate that a multilayer electrically anisotropic model consisting of thin alternating resistive and conductive layers applies to five of the six samples studied. The conductive layers are characterized by platy, fine-grained micaceous material, resulting in significant but moderately low
electrical resistivity values (3606600 W.m) in the direction parallel to foliation, likely due to moderately good pore-fluid connectivity. Sulphide minerals have had little to no effect on these resistivities. The resistive layers consist of quartz and ankerite. The low electrical resistivity
characteristics of the sixth sample are likely determined by a well developed fracture system.
Acquiring reusable location data for stratigraphic studies: insights from the Central Foreland NATMAP Project
Authors: Palmer J L , MacNaughton R B , MacDonald L
E , Lane L S
Published: November 2010

Stratigraphic data that can be used by subsequent investigators without the need to revisit a site are reusable data. Accurate location data are a crucial part of ensuring reusability of data, and thus contribute to the reproducibility of scientific studies and
to cost savings.Areview of some outcrop stratigraphic location data collected during the GSC's Central Foreland NATMAP Project found several categories of
data errors that hamper reusability. These include errors in recording map datum, inaccurate co-ordinates, typographic errors introduced into co-ordinates, and errors in map presentation. Project leaders should ensure that all project participants who study stratigraphic sections are aware of the
benefits of reusability and that participants follow specific criteria for recording location data; if required, they should provide participants with training in both traditional map craft and emerging technologies.Ashort time invested in capturing
accurate location data on the section translates directly into significant time savings during report preparation.
Downhole seismic imaging of the Victor kimberlite, James Bay Lowlands, Ontario: a feasibility study
Authors: Bellefleur G , Matthews L , Roberts B , McMonnies B , Salisbury M , Snyder D , Perron G , McGaughey J
Published: November 2010

Downhole seismic data were acquired at the Victor kimberlite, in the James Bay Lowlands of Ontario, in order to attempt to produce an image of the pipe at 10 to 300mdepths and, in doing so, to evaluate the applicability of this method in delineating diamond
resources. The survey was designed to allow two different imaging strategies, one using shot points located over the kimberlite pipe and the other using shots over the host sedimentary rocks. It was hoped that shot points over the kimberlite would directly image the kimberlite-sedimentary rock
contact, whereas shots over the nearby (<250 m) sedimentary rocks would indirectly determine the kimberlite margin by mapping truncations of reflections from the sedimentary layers. Results demonstrate that the indirect mapping approach has potential to define the geometry of the
kimberlite at depth.
Field and laboratory measurements of magnetic properties and density, Central Metasedimentary Belt, Ontario
Authors: O'Dowd C , Eaton E
Published: November 2010

In situ magnetic susceptibility (K) and coincident ground magnetometer readings were measured at 26 locations within the Grenville Province near Bobcaygeon, Ontario. Hand samples were also collected for laboratory measurements of K, Königsberger ratio (Q)
and density (ñ). Laboratory K measurements tended to be slightly greater than in situ measurements and are regarded here as more
reliable; in situ measurements, however, provide useful information about the spatial distribution of K and its relationship to magnetic anomalies at various scales.Mafic gneisses yielded the highest average K (0.0125 SI) and ñ (2.914 Mg/m3). Ordovician limestones yielded the lowest K (1.05 x
10-6 SI), but a surprisingly high average ñ (2.839 Mg/m3). There is a good correlation of K and ñ with regional-scale anomalies, but at the outcrop scale the correlation of K with magnetic anomalies is not as clear.
A GIS dataset of surficial geological features for the Fort Norman map area (96C), Northwest Territories
Authors: Duk-Rodkin A
Published: November 2010

The study area incorporates the Fort Norman (NTS 96C) map area, and extends from the Franklin Mountains/McConnell Range in the east to the Canyon Ranges of the Mackenzie Mountains in the west. The Mackenzie River flows through the map area from the southeast to
the northwest. The surficial geology of the area is characterized by a discontinuous veneer of mostly till and/or glaciolacustrine sediment. Although glaciofluvial sediments are not widespread, they do form terraces along the Mackenzie, Keele, Redstone and Great Bear rivers. Minor eskers, glacial
lake shorelines and kames are found in the plain area which extends between 10 and 40 kilometers on either side of the Mackenzie River. The plain is blanketed by surficial sediments and is bordered by the Franklin Mountains/McConnell Range to the east and the Canyon Ranges to the west. Bedrock in
the mountainous terrain and part of the northern plains is Proterozoic shale and Carboniferous to Devonian sandstone and carbonates. The Plains east of Franklin Mountains are underlain by Cretaceous sandstone and shale and Tertiary sandstone and conglomerate.

The study area is located in a region of discontinuous permafrost. Debris flows, triggered by forest fires, commonly expose the underlying permafrost, leading to the development of retrogressive thaw flow slides. This process is particularly prevalent along glaciolacustrine and glaciofluvial
terraces adjacent modern rivers. Mudflows and rotational slides affecting surficial materials and/or bedrock are also commonly found along rivers. The largest scale of mass wasting noted in the area occurs at several sites where landslides, likely triggered by seismic activity in the mountains, have
in the past blocked valleys forming temporary lakes and rerouting streams.

Active karst, developed in regional carbonate bedrock, is seen in solution and collapsed sink-holes, commonly found in mountainous/hilly terrain as well as in the plain area northwest of the study area. Some karst dolines show evidence of periodic flooding by groundwater, and deep solution channels
cut along the southern slopes of Franklin Mountains are interpreted to indicate initial solutional weathering by glacial meltwater.

Areas of extensive glaciolacustrine sediment, up to 80 meters thick, occupy the central part of the Fort Norman map area. They were deposited in glacial Lake Mackenzie around 10.5 ka BP when the Laurentide Ice Sheet had retreated eastward to the McConnell Range and southward to the mouth of the
Blackwater River. Glaciofluvial deltas built into the lake presently sit as raised sandy and/or gravel deltas alongside upper shorelines around 300 m above sea level*. Glacial Lake Mackenzie drained northwest along the mountain front in two main stages: 1) Moose Nest Creek-Summit Creek, and 2)
Red Dog Creek-Stewart Lake-Tate Lake-Little Bear River. Various deltas, shorelines and outlet channels are shown in the surficial geology of the Fort Norman map area.

* Value not corrected for isostatic rebound.
Reflected light microscopy and Rockeval pyrolysis of Cambrian Mount Cap Formation, Dodo Canyon, Northwest Territories
Authors: Stasiuk L D
Published: November 2010

This cd contains reflected and fluorescent light microscopy, and Rock Eval® data for Cambrian Mount Cap Fm. outcrop samples from Dodo Canyon, Northwest Territories, Canada. Two out of three samples contain total organic carbon (TOC) contents of 0.3 to 0.5%,
which consist mainly of pyrobitumen and other soluble bitumens. Percent reflectance (%RoR) was determined for low reflecting isotropic and fine-grained mosaic varieties, and optical microtextures were characterized. As well, VIS fluorescence of alginates, acritarch and crude oil inclusions was
measured, specifically Lmax and Q. The data indicate that ~70 % (by volume) of total organic matter in one of the Mount Cap carbonate samples (0.46% TOC) is pyrobitumen, with fine to medium-grained mosaic anisotropic optical microtextures. The %Romax measured for the pyrobitumen
is typical of those associated with very late oil to the gas zone of thermal maturity. Rare occurrences of primary 'source rock' bitumen derived directly from kerogen, indicates that the thermal maturity of the Mount Cap Fm. is ~1.1%Ro vitrinite equivalence. VIS fluorescence of orange
fluorescing Prasinophyte alginite (Lmax: 680nm; Q: 1.9) is also consistent with a maturity level of ~1.1 to 1.3% Ro vitrinite equivalent. Blue fluorescing hydrocarbon fluid inclusions (Lmax: 445nm; Q: 0.10) in calcite cements indicate that the Mount Cap Fm. contains evidence from 45 to 50
ºAPI oils.
Methodology for measuring the spatial distribution of low streamflow within watersheds
Authors: Hinton M J
Published: November 2010

Surveys to map the distribution of low streamflow within watersheds are useful for many purposes including groundwater and aquatic habitat studies. This report describes a detailed methodology to plan, conduct and report a low-flow survey. Low-flow surveys are a
cost-effective approach to collect spatial data and develop a conceptual understanding of groundwater-surface water interactions within a watershed. Carefully collected and documented surveys also provide baseline datasets of low-flow discharge and chemistry data for future comparison. This report
is intended for both the professional who plans and designs the field program and the technician who does the fieldwork. The first recommended step is to conduct a reconnaissance survey in which basic field data are collected in order to plan an efficient and effective survey. Careful planning of a
survey using the reconnaissance data will yield better low-flow survey results in a more time- and cost-effective manner. Stream gauging using the current meter and volumetric methods is then described with a particular emphasis on the measurement of flow in small streams under low-flow conditions.
The reporting of results includes both the calculation of stream discharge and estimation of measurement errors. The error estimation is described in detail and the various factors contributing to measurement errors are evaluated. In general, measurement error can be reduced most effectively by
choosing a cross-section where water velocities exceed 0.1 m/s and by increasing the number of measurement sections (verticals) within a cross-section. Some uses of low-flow survey results are briefly presented.
Gold deposits of Canada: distribution, geological parameters and gold content
Authors: Gosselin P , Dubé B
Published: November 2010

The spatial distribution and most significant geological attributes of Canadian bedrock-hosted (lode) gold deposits of large size and importance are depicted in this data set. Most of these deposits originally contained at least 0.5 million troy ounces (15.5
metric tons) of gold metal. Lode gold deposits have originated in a wide variety of geological environments. Some are related to igneous emplacement and others are formed during periods of moderate to intense deformation. Placer and paleoplacer deposits are not included in this data set. The
downloadable data summary is periodically extracted from a database prepared for the World Minerals Geoscience Database Project (1998-2003). The full database can be viewed and queried over the Internet, and is being provided on CD-ROM as a GSC Open File. The CD-ROM version of this data set
requires the use of MS-Access, and the database management (data entry/browsing and query) utilities packaged as GlobalDBSystem and developed by Robert Laramée.
Surficial geology, Hay River, Alberta
Authors: Smith I R , Plouffe A , Paulen R
C , Fenton M M , Pawlowicz J
G
Published: November 2010

This 1:100 000 scale map represents a product of the Shallow Gas and Diamond Opportunities in Northern Alberta and British Columbia project (NRD 4450) conducted by the Geological Survey of Canada (Natural Resources Canada), Alberta Geological Survey (Alberta
Energy and Utilities Board), and Resource Development and Geoscience Branch (British Columbia Ministry of Energy and Mines). Surficial geology maps covering the rest of the 1:250 000 (NTS) 84L map area are published by Plouffe et al. (2004) and Paulen et al. (2005a, b).
Prior to commencement of field activities, black and white, 1:60 000 scale airphotos (Alberta Sustainable Resource Development, 1994) were scanned for the Hay River map area (NTS 84L/SW). Preliminary surficial geology interpretations were drawn on the airphotos, and then subsequently ground truthed
in the field. Fieldwork was mainly conducted in summer 2003, with additional site surveys in summer and fall, 2004. Field activities included: 1) inspection, logging and characterization of surficial geology from truck, foot traverse and helicopter field surveys of exposures along cutbanks, borrow
pits, gravel pits, seismic line trenching activities, as well as from hand-dug and augered holes, 2) sampling of till at a reconnaissance scale (1 sample per 25 km2) for geochemistry, particle-size, carbonate content, and kimberlite indicator minerals, 3) measurement of clast fabrics from tills and
paleocurrent directions from fluvially deposited material.

The Hay River map area is part of the Fort Nelson Lowlands physiographic region and is blanketed by Boreal forest (white and black spruce, aspen, lodgepole pine) and extensive bogs and fens. Soils are generally poorly drained, commonly with shallow water tables, reflecting the high clay content of
the tills (10-40%) in which they have formed. In raised areas, where soil development is more advanced, gray luvisols predominate. Static and turbic cryosols are found in regions of sporadic discontinuous permafrost, and solonetzic soils are found in areas of thin drift overlying marine shale
bedrock. Outcrops of Cretaceous Dunvegan Formation sandstone are found in the southern uplands (>600 m above sea level) of the map area, while outcrops of Cretaceous Fort St. John Group shales (Shaftesbury Formation) are found in the south-central region of the map area along cut-banks of
former glacial meltwater canyons and channels. The Hay River flows east to west through a conspicuous glacial meltwater canyon (which incorporates Rainbow Lake) in the central part of the map area. This meltwater canyon is considered to have formed both sub-glacially and ice-marginally, and likely
served as the outlet of glacial Lake Peace into the Fontas-Nelson River system to the west during the late Indian Creek stage of Mathews (1980).
Back River Volcanic Complex: an Archean stratovolcano, Nunavut-Northwest Territories
Authors: Lambert M B
Published: November 2010

The Back River volcanic complex is a deformed Archean composite stratovolcano that evolved in a depositional basin in the northeastern Slave Province. Its diverse stratigraphy developed through three cycles of mafic (or intermediate) to felsic volcanism, each
ending with eruption of large rhyolite to dacite dome-flow complexes from numerous centres around the volcano, followed by erosion and mass wasting from the volcanic edifice to produce extensive clastic fans and debris-avalanche deposits.

The oldest rocks in the volcanic complex are calc-alkaline andesitic lavas and ash-flow tuffs that represent the upper subaerial parts of the earliest cycle of volcanism. This cycle ended with cauldron subsidence, ring-fracture intrusion, and effusion of rhyolite domes. The second eruptive cycle
involved a highly variable series of eruptions that deposited andesitic lava flows and intermittent pyroclastic and epiclastic units, to interlayered dacitic and andesitic lavas and tuffs overlain by voluminous, nonwelded, ash-flow tuffs. The last volcanic cycle marks a change to tholeiitic
magmatism with the eruption mainly of basalt and andesite pillowed lavas on the submerged northern flanks of the stratovolcano.

Stromatolites developed along the margins of active lava domes that straddled the shoreline around the emergent stratovolcano. Iron-formation units mark the close of volcanism.

Three generations of folding deformed the volcanic complex and the surrounding metaturbidite units. Disharmonic folding produced tightly folded metasedimentary rocks between or against more open, folded volcanic sequences. The large dome in the southern part of the map area formed by superposition
of regional strain on the core volcanic edifice.
Morphology, petrography, age and origin of the Fogo Seamounts, eastern Canada
Authors: Pe-Piper G , de Jong A , Piper D J W , Jansa L F
Published: November 2010

The Fogo Seamounts are located approximately 500 km offshore from Newfoundland to the southwest of the Grand Banks of Newfoundland. This complex seamount chain is Early Cretaceous in age and is partially buried under later continental slope deposits. The
seamounts are developed along the northeastern transform margin of the Jurassic central Atlantic Ocean. The Narwhal F-99 well was drilled in 1986 on the continental slope into one buried seamount. In this study, we have compiled unpublished data on the bathymetry, seismic-reflection character, and
distribution of the Fogo Seamounts and interpret new petrographic, geochemical and geochronological data from a dredge sample from seamount G in the central part of the seamount chain and from the Narwhal F-99 well. Petrographically, the seamount samples consist of vitrophyric basalt, with
clinopyroxene at Narwhal and kaersutite in the dredge sample. Chemically, the samples are olivine basalt with a low Mg number and low concentration of transition metals. Trace element and REE abundances are similar to those of other early Cretaceous volcanic rocks on the southeast Canadian margin,
except that LILE are more enriched in basalts on the continental shelf. Sm/Nd isotopes suggest mantle derivation, with ,Nd ranges from 2.3 to 4.7. Overall, the Narwhal basalts are more tholeiitic whereas the basalts at seamount G are more alkalic, showing OIB characteristics, and their range of
compositions is well matched by basalts from Hawaii. The dredge sample at seamount G gave a 40Ar/39Ar age of 130.3 ± 1.3 Ma on kaersutite (top Hauterivian on the Gradstein et al. 2004 time scale). A K/Ar age from the Narwhal F-99 well of 127 ± 6 Ma is inconsistent with biostratigraphic
zonation, which shows that sedimentary rocks overlying basalt in the well are at least as old as early Berriasian (ca. 145 Ma). Seismic reflection profiles show that a series of coastal transgressions can be recognised above the basalt, with final submergence probably in the Berriasian. Distribution
of the seamounts, based on bathymetry and in the case of buried seamounts, magnetic and seismic data, shows that there is no clear linear trend, but rather a broad zone within which seamounts have formed. New bathymetric data shows that flat tops to seamounts, resulting from coastal erosion prior to
subsidence and platform carbonate deposition, show no systematic pattern. The broad extent of the seamounts on the margin probably results from the influence of a series of upper crustal faults along the transform margin.
Digital shaded relief map of British Columbia
Authors: Tribe S
Published: November 2010

The shaded relief map of British Columbia, Canada presents a detailed bird's-eye view of the province's landscape. Although it resembles a satellite image or aerial photograph, the map was computer-generated from an array of ground heights called a digital
elevation model. The digital elevation model was 'shaded' by calculating the reflected light intensity from an artificial sun located 30° above the horizon in the northwest at azimuth 315°. Illuminated or shaded areas are represented as grey-scale pixels giving the illusion of ground
relief in vertical perspective. One millimetre on the map equals 1.5 km on the ground. Pixel spacing is 75 m. Some major roads and towns are shown for reference.
Geoscience Knowledge Synthesis: Peel Plateau and Plain, a prospective hydrocarbon province in the Northern Mackenzie Corridor
Authors: Pyle L J , Jones A L , Gal L P
Published: November 2010

This report is a synthesis of geoscience knowledge and data from Peel Plateau and Plain (Peel Region). Peel Region lies north of the Mackenzie Mountains, south of the Mackenzie Delta, and east of the Richardson Mountains in the Northwest Territories and Yukon.
The region has moderate to high hydrocarbon potential and is a high priority area of the Mackenzie Corridor where improved and updated geoscience knowledge can stimulate petroleum exploration, industry investment, and economic development for the benefit of Northerners. More than 70 wells in Peel
Region have been drilled through strata correlative with deformed strata that outcrop along the eastern flank of the Richardson Mountains and northern front of the Mackenzie Mountains. Cambrian to Middle Devonian strata represent sedimentation on the continental margin of ancestral North America.
Upper Devonian to Carboniferous and Cretaceous successions resulted from deposition in foreland basins of the Ellesmerian and Columbian/Laramide orogenies, respectively. Summaries of interpreted tectonic and paleogeographic histories, stratigraphy and sedimentology, biostratigraphy, petroleum
geology, and mineral potential and occurrences indicate that several areas of research are needed to improve understanding of stratigraphy and correlation, depositional and tectonic histories, basin evolution, and petroleum geology and potential in Peel Region.
Selective leach geochemistry of soils overlying the 95-2, B30 and A4 kimberlites, northeastern Ontario
Authors: McClenaghan M B , Hamilton S M , Hall G E M , Burt A K , Kjarsgaard B A
Published: November 2010

Studies were carried out by the Geological Survey of Canada and the Ontario Geological Survey at the B30, A4 and 95-2 kimberlites in the glaciated terrain of northeastern Ontario, Canada to evaluate the effectiveness of selective leaches for detecting soil
geochemical signatures over deeply (>30 m) buried kimberlites. In this region, Late Jurassic kimberlites were covered by up to 60 m of glacial sediments during the Late Wisconsin glaciation and since the region was deglaciated approximately 9000 years ago, soil-forming processes have been
active. Two selective leaches, ammonium acetate pH 5 (AA5) and Mobile Metal Ions (MMI-D-commercial leach), were used along with aqua regia to detect and evaluate the geochemical signatures in mineral and organic soils over the kimberlites. Sampling was carried out using a depth-based protocol of 10
to 20 cm, regardless of mineral soil horizon sampled. The strongest "kimberlitic" responses were detected over the 95-2 kimberlite, where mineral soils were most consistent and free of organic matter. Kimberlite pathfinder elements for selective leaches applied to mineral soils will depend on the
geochemical contrast between the kimberlite and its host rock. In this study over three kimberlites, pathfinder elements include: elevated concentrations of Ba, Co, Mg, Mn, Pb, REE, Sr, Ti, Ca, Ga, Cd, I Na, and U and depleted concentrations of Al, Cr, Fe, Rb, Ti and Th.