bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of Forest Fire on Soil Properties
Authors: Elakiya N.  , Keerthana G.  , Safiya S.
Published: September 2023

One of the most harmful challenges to our forest is fire. The impact of forest fires on soil physical properties had an emphasis on texture, bulk density, porosity, aggregate stability, and water content and repellency. Following the fire, the surface soil of the burned region had higher soil pH, total nitrogen, accessible phosphorus, potassium, calcium, and magnesium levels than the unburned area. The low intensity of the fire caused the organic matter in the soil and the litter to burn, increasing the availability of nutrients and -promoting herb regeneration and post-fire community expansion. Higher-intensity fires completely destroy soil organic matter, volatilize nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, and kill microorganisms, while Mn, Mg, and other micronutrients are completely burnt at very high temperatures. Some nutrients were more readily available by the burning of soil organic matter (OM), such as N, P, and S, while others were volatilized. Controlled fire did not result in any significant changes to the nutrients or physico-chemical composition of soil and can be utilized as an efficient management technique to reduce the harm caused by wildfires to soil. Remote sensing and GIS technology are the highly advanced tools used to detect forest fires, calculate burned areas, and determination of changes in land use.
Eco-friendly Synthesis of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Using Camellia sinensis (Green Tea) and Its Characterization
Authors: Kumar M. Nithish , Rahale C. Sharmila , Shanmugam Haripriya , Vanitha K. , Saranya N. , Prasanthrajan M.
Published: September 2023

Nanoparticles can be synthesized in a simple and eco-friendly way without any toxic byproducts through a process known as green synthesis. Green tea is a great source of polyphenols and flavonoids which can be used to synthesize ZnO nanoparticles. These nanoparticles have potential applications in various industries and medicine. Green tea's phenolic compounds act as efficient reducers of metal ions, which stabilizes the growth of nanoparticles. The study synthesized ZnO nanoparticles using green tea leaves and then characterized them using various instruments. The average particle diameter of the synthesized particles was 168.8 nm, and they had a zeta potential of 38.2 mV. The UV-Vis analysis showed a blue-shifted absorption maximum at 323 nm, indicating that the ZnO particles were on a nano-scale. The XRD spectra of calcined ZnO nanoparticles showed prominent diffraction peaks at various angles. Thermal stability of the ZnO nanoparticles was confirmed by the thermogravimetric analysis, which revealed that the nanoparticles degraded rapidly at 657°C, and weight loss began at 753°C.
Polymer-insertion Effect on Urea Conversion Kinetics via Enzymes Immobilized on Magnetic Microparticles
Authors: Park Jin-Won
Published: September 2023

Urease was covalently immobilized on the magnetic particles without and with polymer between the urease and the particle. The polymer insertion enhanced the conversion from urea to bicarbonate. The ureases were immobilized on the magnetic microparticles through covalent bonds. 150 μL of stock solution of 3 μm diameter particles was washed three times with 20 mM MES rubbing solution at pH 6.0. The results of this study seem to be useful in designing a reactor for recycling wastewater generated in the semiconductor process.
Neurologic Complications After Repeat Epidural Blood Patch in Recurrent Spontaneous Intracranial Hypotension: A Case Report
Authors: Cho Soo ah , Song Jihyun , Jeong Seok woo , Won Young Ju
Published: September 2023

A 61-year-old male patient presented to Guro Korea University Medical Center with a one-month history of increasingly severe headaches that were aggravated by an upright position and alleviated by a supine position. The patient had no other specific underlying disease. Epidural blood patch was repeatedly performed several times because headache was not fully subsided, 10 minutes after fourth EBP, the patient showed a decrease in motor grade 1 in both lower limbs, Lt. Upper limbs and Grade 3 for Rt. upper limbs. Urgent surgical evacuation of spinal epidural hematoma was conducted. After operation, patient recovered from neurologic deficit. 

While epidural blood patches are generally considered safe and effective for treating SIH, like any medical procedure, there can be potential complications. It's important to note that complications are relatively rare, and the benefits of the procedure often outweigh the risks. When we repeatedly perform epidural blood patches, more caution is required. Careful evaluation of absolute indications is necessary to prevent additional complications and possible complications should be seriously considered.
Psychosocial Impact of COVID-19 among Recovered Workers in the Banking Sector: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Yansane Alhousseine , Diallo Aminata , Ataboho Ebenguela Ebatetou , Keita Moussa , Diallo Amadou Mouctar , Dalil Tidjani , Akinocho El-Mouksitou
Published: September 2023

Introduction: The emergence of COVID-19-induced psychosis has seen a notable increase in the workplace, leading to significant psychosocial repercussions among employees, with a potential impact on business productivity. This study aimed to analyze the psychosocial impact of COVID-19 on recovered employees working in the banking sector in Conakry.

Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted over a one-year period, from January to December 2022. It focused on employees in the banking sector who had overcome COVID-19. Validated questionnaires were used to assess anxiety, depression, psychological distress, stress, and sleep disorders.

Results: Among the seven banks selected in Conakry, 1239 employees were employed. Of this number, 112 presented symptoms of COVID-19 and recovered, representing a frequency of 9%. The average age of the recovered employees was 43 ± 11 years. Men accounted for 72.3% of this sample. The psychosocial consequences observed among the recovered employees were manifested by mild anxiety in 46.4% of cases, and mild psychological distress in 34.8% of them. Moderate severity insomnia and stress affected 35.7% and 40.2% of individuals, respectively. Less than half (44.6%) had a good work resumption capacity.

Conclusion: COVID-19 has undoubtedly led to consequences on the mental health of recovered employees in the banking sector in Conakry. It would be prudent to consider implementing a multidisciplinary care program during epidemics to mitigate the psychosocial effects of the disease and ensure optimal conditions for professional resumption.
IT Alignment and Performance: A Study in UAE Higher Education Institutions
Authors: Alobthani Manal Mane Salmeen , Ismail Norain Binti , Mansor Nusaibah Binti
Published: September 2023

Purpose: This study investigates the impact of IT alignment on institutional performance in United Arab Emirates (UAE) higher education institutions. Moreover, the study adopts a theoretical framework of IT alignment in education, encompassing IT governance, IT competence, IT communications, IT partnership, IT scope, and architecture, as well as IT skills, in an effort to explore the aforementioned components’ impact on the performance of higher education institutions, in particular Zaid University.

Design/Methodology/Approach: Using a cross-sectional approach, data are gathered from 310 Zaid University employees through a questionnaire strategy and analyzed using partial least squares under structural equation modeling to explore the relationships among IT alignment components, IT flexibility, and institutional performance.

Findings: The study reveals a significant positive effect of IT alignment, while IT flexibility moderates the relationship between IT alignment components and institutional performance.

Research, Practical & Social Implications: This study contributes to IT literature, by highlighting the role of IT in enhancing institutional performance, emphasizing the importance of IT governance and competence at the senior management level. It offers practical and social implications for leveraging IT to improve the quality of education and work efficiency.

Originality/Value: This study advances the understanding of IT alignment in education, showcasing its positive impact on institutional performance and the interplay between senior management IT competency and IT-business alignment. Additionally, it enriches the existing body of knowledge on IT governance through empirical insights garnered from practical investigations.
Study on the Law of Blank and Material Properties on the Free Bending of Pipes
Authors: Xuhao Zhang , Jiafeng Miao , Shaohuai Zhang , Wenfang Jian
Published: September 2023

To explore the impact of various material parameters on the three-dimensional free bending behavior of metal pipes and enhance the quality of such bending processes, this study focused on TP2 copper pipes with dimensions Φ12mm×1mm. Under uniform conditions of process parameters, free bending equipment, and key component characteristics, pipes with varying wall thicknesses and materials were investigated. The evaluation criteria were based on the maximum wall thickness thinning rate and maximum ellipticity of the pipes. The investigation aimed to understand how alterations in different material parameters affect bending radius, propulsive force, and wall thickness of the pipes. The results revealed that smaller bending radii correlate with more pronounced influences of wall thickness on pipe curvature. Additionally, an increase in wall thickness led to a decrease in pipe forming quality. The bending radius of the pipe was determined by multiple parameters, including the material's elastic modulus, yield strength, pipe hardening index, and strength coefficient. The maximum ellipticity of the pipe was found to be associated with material strength, while the alteration of pipe wall thickness was influenced by the hardening index, denoted as 'n'.
Bibliometric Analysis of Farmers' Rural-Urban Migration Based on the Scopus Platform
Authors: Khanam Monira , Pervez A. K. M. Kanak , Haque Md. Armanul , Rahman Md. Mostafizur , Kabir Md. Shahriar
Published: September 2023

Cities and metropolitan regions provide economic and social opportunities for individuals in today's globalized and rapid urbanization period. However, urbanization has led to unequal economic growth between rural and urban regions, promoting urban migration. Migration is a cross-cutting problem on the SDG 2030 agenda, presenting fresh difficulties at national and international levels. Rural-urban migration is a common phenomenon in developing countries. In many cases, rural farmers migrated and left their existing farming profession. Many people believe there are some positive effects, like improving food supply, schooling for kids, etc., and some adverse effects, like poor housing and unhygienic living environments in cities for the migrants. However, very few studies have been conducted in this aspect. Considering these, the present study showed a bibliometric study of farmers' rural-urban migration based on the Scupas platform. The study used both Biblioshiny and VOSviewer software. The bibliometric analysis of scholarly articles from 2013 to 2023 is presented in the article, including the analysis of 1,549 journals, books, and other publications, with 3,892 documents from the Scopus platform. Influential journals, such as "SUSTAINABILITY", "INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH", and "PLOS ONE". Leading research countries are China and the USA. Active institutions in rural-urban migration include the University of Amsterdam, Beijing Normal University, Peking University, etc. Future research should consider data from different sources and integrate cross-border populations, as conceptual analysis based on keywords may provide a superficial interpretation.
Screening for Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy
Authors: Henderson Jillian T. , Webber Elizabeth M. , Thomas Rachel G. , Vesco Kimberly K.
Published: September 2023

Importance

Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy are a leading cause of pregnancy-related morbidity and mortality in the US.

Objective

To conduct a targeted systematic review to update the evidence on the effectiveness of screening for hypertensive disorders of pregnancy to inform the US Preventive Services Task Force.

Data Sources

MEDLINE and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials for relevant studies published between January 1, 2014, and January 4, 2022; surveillance through February 21, 2023.

Study Selection

English-language comparative effectiveness studies comparing screening strategies in pregnant or postpartum individuals.

Data Extraction and Synthesis

Two reviewers independently appraised articles and extracted relevant data from fair-or good-quality studies; no quantitative synthesis was conducted.

Main outcomes and measures

Morbidity or mortality, measures of health-related quality of life.

Results

The review included 6 fair-quality studies (5 trials and 1 nonrandomized study; N = 10 165) comparing changes in prenatal screening practices with usual care, which was routine screening at in-person office visits. No studies addressed screening for new-onset hypertensive disorders of pregnancy in the postpartum period. One trial (n = 2521) evaluated home blood pressure measurement as a supplement to usual care; 3 trials (total n = 5203) evaluated reduced prenatal visit schedules. One study (n = 2441) evaluated proteinuria screening conducted only for specific clinical indications, compared with a historical control group that received routine proteinuria screening. One additional trial (n = 80) only addressed the comparative harms of home blood pressure measurement. The studies did not report statistically significant differences in maternal and infant complications with alternate strategies compared with usual care; however, estimates were imprecise for serious, rare health outcomes. Home blood pressure measurement added to prenatal care visits was not associated with earlier diagnosis of a hypertensive disorder of pregnancy (104.3 vs 106.2 days), and incidence was not different between groups in 3 trials of reduced prenatal visit schedules. No harms of the different screening strategies were identified.

Conclusions and Relevance

This review did not identify evidence that any alternative screening strategies for hypertensive disorders of pregnancy were more effective than routine blood pressure measurement at in-person prenatal visits. Morbidity and mortality from hypertensive disorders of pregnancy can be prevented, yet American Indian/Alaska Native persons and Black persons experience inequitable rates of adverse outcomes. Further research is needed to identify screening approaches that may lead to improved disease detection and health outcomes.
Effect of Extracurricular After-School Physical Activities on Academic Performance of Schoolchildren
Authors: Wang Decai , Xiong Ruilin , Zhang Jiaqing , Han Xiaotong , Jin Ling , Liu Weijia , Qu Yabin , Chen Qianyun , Chen Shida , Chen Xiang , Li Yuting , He Mingguang , Zeng Yangfa , Liu Yizhi
Published: September 2023

Importance

The beneficial effects of increasing outdoor physical activity time on children’s myopia onset and physical well-being are widely acknowledged. However, in countries with competitive educational systems, such as China, parents and school administrators may be relatively reluctant to increase the extracurricular physical activity time for children due to concerns that this action will compromise children’s academic performance.

Objective

To investigate whether additional extracurricular physical activity time after school compromises the academic performance of schoolchildren.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This cluster randomized clinical trial was conducted from October 2020 to June 2021 in Yudu, Jiangxi, China. Eligible children in grades 3 and 4 from 24 elementary schools were randomized to the intervention or control group. Primary analysis was conducted in the full sample using the intention-to-treat principle.

Interventions

The intervention group received 2 hours of after-school physical activity time outdoors on school days. The control group was free to arrange their after-school activity.

Main Outcomes and Measures

The primary outcome was the between-group mean difference in mathematics test scores at the end of 1 academic year, with a noninferiority margin of −3.3 points. Standardized mathematics tests, physical fitness assessments (in reference to the 2018 National Physical Fitness Survey Monitoring Programme in China), and cycloplegic autorefraction were performed at baseline and the end of 1 academic year. Myopia was defined as a cycloplegic spherical equivalent refraction of −0.5 diopters or less in either eye.

Results

A total of 2032 children (mean [SD] age, 9.22 [0.62] years; 1040 girls [51.2%]) from 24 schools were randomized to the intervention group (12 schools; 1012 children) or control group (12 schools; 1020 children). The mean (SD) mathematics score at the end of 1 academic year was 78.01 (17.56) points in the intervention group and 77.70 (17.29) points in the control group. The adjusted between-group mean difference was 0.65 points (95% CI, −2.85 to 4.15). The adjusted between-group mean difference in physical fitness score was 4.95 points (95% CI, 3.56-6.34; P < .001) and −1.90% (95% CI, −18.72% to 14.91%; P > .99) in myopia incidence.

Conclusions and Relevance

Results of this trial indicate that, compared with the control practice of free play after school, adding 2 hours of extracurricular physical activity outdoors after school was noninferior in academic performance and had superior efficacy in improving physical fitness.

Trial Registration

ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04587765
Changing the guard—nuclear pore complex quality control
Authors: Veldsink Annemiek C. , Gallardo Paola , Lusk C. Patrick , Veenhoff Liesbeth M.
Published: September 2023

The integrity of the nuclear envelope depends on the function of nuclear pore complexes (NPCs), transport channels that control macromolecular traffic between the nucleus and cytosol. The central importance of NPCs suggests the existence of quality control (QC) mechanisms that oversee their assembly and function. In this perspective, we emphasize the challenges associated with NPC assembly and the need for QC mechanisms that operate at various stages of an NPC's life. This includes cytosolic preassembly QC that helps enforce key nucleoporin–nucleoporin interactions and their ultimate stoichiometry in the NPC in addition to mechanisms that monitor aberrant fusion of the inner and outer nuclear membranes. Furthermore, we discuss whether and how these QC mechanisms may operate to sense faulty mature NPCs to facilitate their repair or removal. The so far uncovered mechanisms for NPC QC provide fertile ground for future research that not only benefits a better understanding of the vital role that NPCs play in cellular physiology but also how loss of NPC function and/or these QC mechanisms might be an input to aging and disease.
Daily aggression domains differentially relate to daily affect and self‐esteem
Authors: Webster Gregory D. , Nezlek John B.
Published: September 2023

How do daily fluctuations in aggression relate to daily variability in affect and self‐esteem? Although research has examined how trait aggression relates to affect and self‐esteem, state aggression has received little attention. To this end, we had 120 US undergraduates participate in a 14‐day daily diary study where they responded to state‐level measures of aggression, affect, and self‐esteem. Crucially, we used multifaceted state measures of both aggression (anger, hostility, verbal aggression, physical aggression) and affect (positive vs. negative, activated vs. deactivated). Multilevel models revealed that daily anger and hostility related positively to daily negative affect and negatively to daily positive affect. Similarly, daily anger and hostility related negatively to daily self‐esteem. In contrast, daily verbal and physical aggression were largely unrelated to daily affect and self‐esteem; however, unexpectedly, daily physical aggression related positively to daily positive activated affect, but only when controlling for the other daily aggression domains. Overall, daily attitudinal aggression measures—anger and hostility—related to daily affect and self‐esteem in theoretically consistent ways, whereas daily behavioral aggression measures—verbal and physical aggression—did not. Our findings support expanding the General Aggression Model to incorporate state‐level processes.
Developmental trajectories of number line estimations in math anxiety: Evidence from bounded and unbounded number line estimation
Authors: Ashkenazi Sarit , Cohen Nitzan
Published: September 2023

Mathematical anxiety (MA) is a feeling of tension and anxiety that interferes with the manipulation of numbers and the solution of mathematical problems. Past studies have shown that high MA individuals experience difficulties at different levels and domains of mathematics, and that MA results from weakness in spatial abilities, subsequent to deficits in basic numerical abilities. Hence, the main goal of the present study is to examine developmental trajectories of number space associations and their role in MA. In the present study, 2nd, 3rd, and 5th grade children (n = 94) participated in number line estimation tasks, half with low MA (LMA) and half with high MA (HMA). They performed two number line estimation tasks (bounded‐ with numerical values for beginning and end of the number line, or unbounded‐ only the beginning of the number line is marked) in addition to examination of strategy during arithmetical problems. Results indicated that younger children with HMA showed non‐mature numerical estimations compared to participants with LMA. However, for older HMA children, estimations were normalized and group differences were eliminated. Moreover, we found that estimations predicted usage of advanced memory‐based strategies in simple addition operations. These results indicated that (1) non‐mature numerical estimations characterize younger participants with MA, and (2) that numerical estimations are associated with arithmetical performances.
To believe or not to believe: Personality, cognitive, and emotional factors involving fake news perceived accuracy
Authors: Taurino Alessandro , Colucci Maria Hedwig , Bottalico Morena , Franco Tamara Patrizia , Volpe Giuseppe , Violante Mariagrazia , Grattagliano Ignazio , Laera Domenico
Published: September 2023

What are the factors that influence individuals' belief in fake news? A structured survey was conducted to examine the impact of cognitive, emotional, and personality factors on the perceived accuracy of fake news. This study utilizes certain facets of the Personality Inventory of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (PID‐5‐Adult trait) to investigate the phenomenon of fake news. Using actual fake news headlines encountered on Facebook, the study revealed that individuals with high levels of psychoticism, impulsivity, suspiciousness, and low analytical reasoning abilities are more likely to believe fake news. Furthermore, the study found that fear induced by news content significantly influences by impeding rational, factual analysis. These findings suggest that while social media platforms contribute to the dissemination of fake news, individual vulnerabilities also play a crucial role. These findings could be useful for the development of digital literacy programs.
Low‐Field Actuating Magnetic Elastomer Membranes Characterized using Fibre‐Optic Interferometry
Authors: Li Zhi , Coote Joanna. M. , Subburaman Swathika , Iacoviello Francesco , Page Kristopher , Alles Erwin J. , Prokopovich Polina , Parkin Ivan P. , Desjardins Adrien E. , Noimark Sacha
Published: September 2023

Smart robotic devices remotely powered by magnetic field have emerged as versatile tools for wide biomedical applications. Soft magnetic elastomer (ME) composite membranes with high flexibility and responsiveness are frequently incorporated to enable local actuation for wireless sensing or cargo delivery. However, the fabrication of thin ME membranes with good control in geometry and uniformity remains challenging, as well as the optimization of their actuating performances under low fields (milli‐Tesla). In this work, the development of ME membranes comprising of low‐cost magnetic powder and highly soft elastomer through a simple template‐assisted doctor blading approach, is reported. The fabricated ME membranes are controllable in size (up to centimetre‐scale), thickness (tens of microns) and high particle loading (up to 70 wt.%). Conflicting trade‐off effects of particle concentration upon magnetic responsiveness and mechanical stiffness are investigated and found to be balanced off as it exceeds 60 wt.%. A highly sensitive fibre‐optic interferometric sensing system and a customized fibre‐ferrule‐membrane probe are first proposed to enable dynamic actuation and real‐time displacement characterization. Free‐standing ME membranes are magnetically excited under low field down to 2 mT, and optically monitored with nanometer accuracy. The fast and consistent responses of ME membranes showcase their promising biomedical applications in nanoscale actuation and sensing.
Nondestructively Visualizing and Understanding the Mechano‐Electro‐chemical Origins of “Soft Short” and “Creeping” in All‐Solid‐State Batteries
Authors: Cao Daxian , Zhang Kena , Li Wei , Zhang Yuxuan , Ji Tongtai , Zhao Xianhui , Cakmak Ercan , Zhu Juner , Cao Ye , Zhu Hongli
Published: September 2023

All‐solid‐state Li‐metal batteries (ASLMBs) represent a significant breakthrough in the quest to overcome limitations associated with traditional Li‐ion batteries, particularly in energy density and safety aspects. However, widespread implementation is stymied due to a lack of profound understanding of the complex mechano‐electro‐chemical behavior of Li metal in the ASLMBs. Herein, operando neutron imaging and X‐ray computed tomography (XCT) are leveraged to nondestructively visualize Li behaviors within ASLMBs. This approach offers real‐time observations of Li evolutions, both pre‐ and post‐ occurrence of a “soft short”. The coordination of 2D neutron radiography and 3D neutron tomography enables charting of the terrain of Li metal deformation operando. Concurrently, XCT offers a 3D insight into the internal structure of the battery following a “soft short”. Despite the manifestation of a “soft short”, the persistence of Faradaic processes is observed. To study the elusive “soft short” , phase field modeling is coupled with electrochemistry and solid mechanics theory. The research unravels how external pressure curbs dendrite growth, potentially leading to dendrite fractures and thus uncovering the origins of both “soft” and “hard” shorts in ASLMBs. Furthermore, by harnessing finite element modeling, it dive deeper into the mechanical deformation and the fluidity of Li metal.
Feeding Next‐Generation Nanomedicines to Europe: Regulatory and Quality Challenges
Authors: Musazzi Umberto M. , Franzè Silvia , Condorelli Fabrizio , Minghetti Paola , Caliceti Paolo
Published: September 2023

New and innovative nanomedicines have been developed and marketed over the past half‐century, revolutionizing the prognosis of many human diseases. Although a univocal regulatory definition is not yet available worldwide, the term “nanomedicines” generally identifies medicinal products that use nanotechnology in their design or production. Due to the intrinsic high structural complexity of these products, the scientific and regulatory communities are reflecting on how to revise the regulatory framework to provide a more appropriate benefit/risk balance to authorize them on the market, considering the impact of their peculiar physicochemical features in the evaluation of efficacy and safety patterns. Herein, a critical perspective is provided on the current open issues regarding regulatory qualification and physicochemical characterization of nanosystems considering the current European regulatory framework on nanomedicine products. Practicable paths for improving their quality assurance and predicting their fate in vivo are also argued. Strengthening the multilevel alliance among academic institutions, industrial stakeholders, and regulatory authorities seems strategic to support innovation by standard approaches (e.g., qualification, characterization, risk assessment), and to expand current knowledge, also benefiting from the new opportunities offered by artificial intelligence and digitization in predictive modelling of the impact of nanomedicine characteristics on their fate in vivo.
Optically Active MXenes in Van der Waals Heterostructures
Authors: Purbayanto Muhammad A. K. , Chandel Madhurya , Birowska Magdalena , Rosenkranz Andreas , Jastrzębska Agnieszka M.
Published: September 2023

The vertical integration of distinct 2D materials in van der Waals (vdW) heterostructures provides the opportunity for interface engineering and modulation of electronic as well as optical properties. However, scarce experimental studies reveal many challenges for vdW heterostructures, hampering the fine‐tuning of their electronic and optical functionalities. Optically active MXenes, the most recent member of the 2D family, with excellent hydrophilicity, rich surface chemistry, and intriguing optical properties, are a novel 2D platform for optoelectronics applications. Coupling MXenes with various 2D materials into vdW heterostructures can open new avenues for the exploration of physical phenomena of novel quantum‐confined nanostructures and devices. Therefore, the fundamental basis and recent findings in vertical vdW heterostructures composed of MXenes as a primary component and other 2D materials as secondary components are examined. Their robust designs and synthesis approaches that can push the boundaries of light‐harvesting, transition, and utilization are discussed, since MXenes provide a unique playground for pursuing an extraordinary optical response or unusual light conversion features/functionalities. The recent findings are finally summarized, and a perspective for the future development of next‐generation vdW multifunctional materials enriched by MXenes is provided.
Sulfur‐Assisted Surface Modification of Lithium‐Rich Manganese‐Based Oxide toward High Anionic Redox Reversibility
Authors: Xu Zhou , Guo Xingzhong , Song Wenjun , Wang Junzhang , Qin Tengteng , Yuan Yifei , Lu Jun
Published: September 2023

Energy storage via anionic redox provides extra capacity for lithium‐rich manganese‐based oxide cathodes at high voltage but causes gradual structural collapse and irreversible capacity loss with generation of On− (0 ≤ n < 2) species upon deep oxidation. Herein, the stability and reversibility of anionic redox reactions are enhanced by a simple sulfur‐assisted surface modification method, which not only modulates the material's energy band allowing feasible electron release from both bonding and antibonding bands, but also traps the escaping On− via an as‐constructed SnS2−x−σOy coating layer and return them to the host lattice upon discharge. The regulation of anionic redox inhibits the irreversible structural transformation and parasitic reactions, maintaining the specific capacity retention of as‐modified cathode up to 94% after 200 cycles at 100 mA g−1, along with outstanding voltage stability. The reported strategy incorporating energy band modulation and oxygen trapping is promising for the design and advancement of other cathodes storing energy through anion redox.
Reversible Multielectron Redox Chemistry in a NASICON‐Type Cathode toward High‐Energy‐Density and Long‐Life Sodium‐Ion Full Batteries
Authors: Zhou Yifan , Xu Guofu , Lin Jiande , Zhang Yangpu , Fang Guozhao , Zhou Jiang , Cao Xinxin , Liang Shuquan
Published: September 2023

Na‐superionic‐conductor (NASICON)‐type cathodes (e.g., Na3V2(PO4)3) have attracted extensive attention due to their open and robust framework, fast Na+ mobility, and superior thermal stability. To commercialize sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs), higher energy density and lower cost requirements are urgently needed for NASICON‐type cathodes. Herein, Na3.5V1.5Fe0.5(PO4)3 (NVFP) is designed by an Fe‐substitution strategy, which not only reduces the exorbitant cost of vanadium, but also realizes high‐voltage multielectron reactions. The NVFP cathode can deliver extraordinary capacity (148.2 mAh g−1), and decent cycling durability up to 84% after 10 000 cycles at 100 C. In situ X‐ray diffraction and ex situ X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy characterizations reveal reversible structural evolution and redox processes (Fe2+/Fe3+, V3+/V4+, and V4+/V5+) during electrochemical reactions. The low ionic‐migration energy barrier and ideal Na+‐diffusion kinetics are elucidated by density functional theory calculations. Combined with electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy, Fe with unpaired electrons in the 3d orbital is inseparable from the higher‐valence redox activation. More competitively, coupling with a hard carbon (HC) anode, HC//NVFP full cells demonstrate high‐rate capability and long‐duration cycling lifespan (3000 stable cycles at 50 C), along with material‐level energy density up to 304 Wh kg−1. The present work can provide new perspectives to accelerate the commercialization of SIBs.
Magnetic Nanoparticles Decorated with Gold Nanoclusters–Applications in Cancer Theranostics
Authors: Pleckaitis Marijus , Karabanovas Vitalijus , Butkiene Greta , Venius Jonas , Burkanas Marius , Grinciene Giedre , Jagminas Arunas , Rotomskis Ricardas
Published: September 2023

Nanomedicine presents exciting new opportunities for the detection and treatment of cancer. Current cancer imaging methods and treatment approaches in clinics frequently fall short of entirely curing cancer and can have severe side effects. Theranostic nanoparticles, however, have the potential to revolutionize effective cancer treatment and early cancer detection. The objective of this study is to show how magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles and photoluminescent gold nanoclusters (MN‐AuNCs) may be combined effectively to produce bimodal imaging nanoparticles that possess magnetic and optical properties and can be used for both magnetic resonance imaging and optical biopsy. These findings demonstrate that MN‐AuNCs, when exposed to visible light, also have the capability to produce singlet oxygen, which is necessary for photodynamic therapy of cancer. In addition, it shows that they are non‐toxic, accumulate inside the cells, and cause cell death during exposure to visible light. The creation of these MN‐AuNCs offers a novel remedy for the current shortcomings in cancer diagnosis and treatment. Since they have both therapeutic and imaging capabilities, MN‐AuNCs have the potential to improve patient outcomes while lowering the risk of negative side effects.
Near‐Infrared Organic Photodetectors with Ultralow Dark Currents Based on Carbazole‐bridged Pyrrolic Polysquaraines
Authors: He Jin , Wang Zhi , Gao Yerun , Yu Xinyu , Qiao Weiguo , Shao Ming , Li Zhong'an
Published: September 2023

High specific detectivity (D*) is one of the key performance metrics for near‐infrared (NIR) organic photodetectors (OPDs), which however is always limited by the high dark current density (Jd). Herein, high‐performance NIR‐OPDs with ultralow Jd are successfully achieved by developing new conjugated pyrrolic polysquaraines as photoactive materials. By changing the linkage sites of the carbazole bridge, two low‐bandgap pyrrolic polysquaraines, i.e., PSQ‐3,6‐Cz and PSQ‐2,7‐Cz, are prepared via a facile synthetic route, both showing strong absorption in the visible and NIR region (600–1000 nm), respectable hole mobility, and enhanced compatibility with the PC61BM acceptor. The fabricated polysquaraine‐based NIR‐OPDs deliver impressive Jd values as low as ≈2.0 × 10−11 A cm−2 in a photovoltaic mode, which to the best of the knowledge is among the lowest values for NIR‐OPDs so far, and thus enables a high shot‐noise‐limited specific detectivity (Dsh*) over 1013 Jones in 650–950 nm. With a more accurate noise spectral current measurement, the PSQ‐2,7‐Cz‐based OPDs show lower noise currents and better detection performance than the PSQ‐3,6‐Cz‐based OPDs, which is attributed to the lower energetic disorder degree and fewer traps of the former, both resulting in suppressed trap‐assisted recombination.
A Simple Device‐To‐Device Transform for White Light‐Emitting Diode with Monochromatic Carbon Dots
Authors: Zhang Tianyang , Shen Jian , Shan Shen Wan‐ , Fan Zhenglong , Yu Kai , Wang Yingming , Si Honglin , Huang Hui , Liu Yang , Liao Liang‐Sheng , Kang Zhenhui
Published: September 2023

Currently, the fabrication of white light emitting diodes (WLEDs) strongly depends on white fluorescent emission materials. The conventional method, which is a direct way from the designed fluorescent emission material to the device, is regarded as a fundamental principle in this field. Here, a brand‐new approach is shown for the design of WLEDs with a simple device‐to‐device transform based on monochromatic carbon dots (CDs). In this work, the WLEDs based on the blue fluorescent CDs achieve the in situ generation of bright white light emission in the device, originating from the oxidation of functional groups involving S element in CDs caused by strong electrical treatment. These CDs‐based WLEDs possess the luminance of 533 cd m−2, Commission Internationale d'Eclairage coordinates located at (0.38, 0.38), a correlated color temperature of 4072 K, and a color render index up to 95. This work opens a brand‐new gate for achieving high‐purity and bright WLEDs through the strategy of transforming from device to device rather than material to device.
Synthesis of Angular Polycyclic Aromatic Molecules via Rh(III)‐Catalyzed C−H Annulation of Nitrones with Cyclic 2‐Diazo‐1,3‐diones
Authors: Wang Yan , Zhao Li‐Ming
Published: September 2023

We herein disclose a simple and general method for the synthesis of chromendiones through Rh(III)‐catalyzed C−H functionalization/annulation reactions of nitrones with cyclic 2‐diazo‐1,3‐diones by using nitrone group as a traceless directing group. This method exhibits high efficiency and broad functional group compatibility. The derivatization of these chromendiones has been also demonstrated to further strengthen the synthetic utility of the transformation.
The Expanding Roles of Long Non‐Coding RNAs in Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Yan Yu , Wu Danzhu , Yang Liyuan , Han Jinming , Liu Yinglong , Dong Peng , Wu Jing , Yu Xinshuang
Published: September 2023

Pancreatic cancer is a clinically challenging disease with a poor survival rate and is one of the leading causes of cancer‐related morbidity. It is highly resistant to treatment and effective diagnostic tools during the early stages of the disease are lacking. Long non‐coding RNAs (lncRNAs) participate extensively in the physiological processes of various diseases, especially multiple types of cancers. lncRNAs have been shown to perform essential functions and are gaining increasing attention in pancreatic cancer research. This review summarizes the roles of lncRNAs in the occurrence, development, and therapeutic resistance of pancreatic cancer by categorizing their regulation of epigenetic inheritance, transcription, post‐transcription, and related signaling pathways. Potential clinical implications, including diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers, as well as the therapeutic prospects of these lncRNAs in pancreatic cancer, are also discussed. Novel insights into the role of lncRNAs in the pathogenesis of pancreatic cancer may help researchers develop novel therapeutic strategies.
Pure Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Isomerides with Delayed Fluorescence and Anti‐Kasha Emission: High‐Efficiency Non‐Doped Fluorescence OLEDs
Authors: Huang Haoxin , Li Nengquan , Fu Shuguang , Mo Xuechao , Cao Xiaosong , Yin Xiaojun , Yang Chuluo
Published: September 2023

Pure polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) consisting solely of carbon‐hydrogen or carbon‐carbon bonds offer great potential for constructing durable and cost‐effective emitters in organic electroluminescence devices. However, achieving versatile fluorescence characteristics in pure PAHs remains a considerable challenge, particularly without the inclusion of heteroatoms. Herein, an efficient approach is presented that involves incorporating non‐six‐membered rings into classical pyrene isomerides, enabling simultaneous achievement of full‐color emission, delayed fluorescence, and anti‐Kasha emission. Theoretical calculations reveal that the intensity and distribution of aromaticity/anti‐aromaticity in both ground and excited states play a crucial role in determining the excited levels and fluorescence yields. Transient fluorescence measurements confirm the existence of thermally activated delayed fluorescence in pure PAHs. By utilizing these PAHs as emitting layers, electroluminescent spectra covering the entire visible region along with a maximum external quantum efficiency of 9.1% can be achieved, leading to the most exceptional results among non‐doped pure hydrocarbon‐based devices.
Visualizing Chain Growth of Polytelluoxane via Polymerization Induced Emission
Authors: Liu Chengfei , Si Jinyan , Cao Muqing , Zhao Peng , Dai Yiheng , Xu Huaping
Published: September 2023

Visualizing polymer chain growth is always a hot topic for tailoring structure‐function properties in polymer chemistry. However, current characterization methods are limited in their ability to differentiate the degree of polymerization in real‐time without isolating the samples from the reaction vessel, let alone to detect insoluble polymers. Herein, a reliable relationship is established between polymer chain growth and fluorescence properties through polymerization induced emission. (TPE‐C2)2‐Te is used to realize in situ oxidative polymerization, leading to the aggregation of fluorophores. The relationship between polymerization degree of growing polytelluoxane (PTeO) and fluorescence intensity is constructed, enabling real‐time monitoring of the polymerization reaction. More importantly, this novel method can be further applied to the observation of the polymerization process for growing insoluble polymer via surface polymerization. Therefore, the development of visualization technology will open a new avenue for visualizing polymer chain growth in real‐time, regardless of polymer solubility.
Transition‐metal‐free Cyclization of Mucohalic Acids with Sulfonyl Hydrazides: An Approach to Pyridazin‐3(2H)‐ones
Authors: Chen Qi , Li Huan‐Qing , Yang Kai , Xu Wen‐Jin , Zeng Yu , Wang Zhao‐Yang
Published: September 2023

An eco‐friendly and efficient synthesis of pyridazin‐3(2H)‐ones from aromatic sulfonyl hydrazides and mucohalic acids has been developed. This facile strategy is carried out smoothly via the promotion of simple organic acid p‐toluenesulfonic acid, and able to form two C−N bonds and a heterocycle linking a potentially bioactive sulfonyl group at one‐step. The protocol is tolerant to various readily available substrates in good yields, and pyridazin‐3(2H)‐ones as the desired products are key structural fragments of many bioactive compounds. More importantly, the gram‐scale cyclization reaction of aromatic sulfonyl hydrazides and mucohalic acids as a novel approach to pyridazin‐3(2H)‐ones derivatives successfully reveals its practicability.
High‐Frequency Gravitational Waves in Electromagnetic Waveguides
Authors: Sorge Francesco
Published: September 2023

The interaction between a very‐high‐frequency gravitational wave (VHFGW) and an electromagnetic wave (EMW) in a rectangular waveguide is discussed in the weak field limit. The background EMW is assumed to be initially in the TE10 mode along the waveguide. It is then shown that a VHFGW, having the same frequency and direction of propagation of the EMW, induces through the waveguide a TE mode with a frequency doubled when compared to the original EMW frequency. In that respect, the GW acts similar to a non‐linear medium, giving rise to a Second Harmonic Generation (SHG) effect.
Engineering Nucleotidoproteins for Base‐Pairing‐Assisted Cytosolic Delivery and Genome Editing
Authors: Liu Xun , Zhao Ziyin , Li Wei , Li Yajie , Yang Qiang , Liu Ningyu , Chen Yongbing , Yin Lichen
Published: September 2023

Protein therapeutics targeting intracellular machineries hold profound potential for disease treatment, and hence robust cytosolic protein delivery technologies are imperatively demanded. Inspired by the super‐negatively charged, nucleotide‐enriched structure of nucleic acids, adenylated pro‐proteins (A‐proteins) with dramatically enhanced negative surface charges have been engineered for the first time via facile green synthesis. Then, thymidine‐modified polyethyleneimine is developed, which exhibits strong electrostatic attraction, complementary base pairing, and hydrophobic interaction with A‐proteins to form salt‐resistant nanocomplexes with robust cytosolic delivery efficiencies. The acidic endolysosomal environment enables traceless restoration of the A‐proteins and consequently promotes the intracellular release of the native proteins. This strategy shows high efficiency and universality for a variety of proteins with different molecular weights and isoelectric points in mammalian cells. Moreover, it enables highly efficient delivery of CRISPR‐Cas9 ribonucleoproteins targeting fusion oncogene EWSR1‐FLI1, leading to pronounced anti‐tumor efficacy against Ewing sarcoma. This study provides a potent and versatile platform for cytosolic protein delivery and gene editing, and may benefit the development of protein pharmaceuticals.
Integrated Tandem Electrochemical‐chemical‐electrochemical Coupling of Biomass and Nitrate to Sustainable Alanine
Authors: Wu Jingcheng , Xu Leitao , Kong Zhijie , Gu Kaizhi , Lu Yuxuan , Wu Xianwen , Zou Yuqin , Wang Shuangyin
Published: September 2023

Alanine is widely employed for synthesizing polymers, pharmaceuticals, and agrochemicals. Electrocatalytic coupling of biomass molecules and waste nitrate is attractive for the nitrate removal and alanine production under ambient conditions. However, the reaction efficiency is relatively low due to the activation of the stable substrates, and the coupling of two reactive intermediates remains challenging. Herein, we realize the integrated tandem electrochemical‐chemical‐electochemical synthesis of alanine from the biomass‐derived pyruvic acid (PA) and waste nitrate (NO3−) catalyzed by PdCu nano‐bead‐wires (PdCu NBWs). The overall reaction pathway is demonstrated as a multiple‐step catalytic cascade process via coupling the reactive intermediates NH2OH and PA on the catalyst surface. Interestingly, in this integrated tandem electrochemical‐chemical‐electrochemical catalytic cascade process, Cu facilitates the electrochemical reduction of nitrate to NH2OH intermediates, which chemically couple with PA to form the pyruvic oxime, and Pd promotes the electrochemical reduction of pyruvic oxime to the desirable alanine. This work provides a green strategy to convert waste NO3− to wealth and enriches the substrate scope of renewable biomass feedstocks to produce high‐value amino acids.