bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Design, synthesis, in silico, and in vitro evaluation of pyrrol-2-yl-phenyl allylidene hydrazine carboximidamide derivatives as AChE/BACE 1 dual inhibitors
Authors: Sharma Amit , Rudrawar Santosh , Sharma Ankita , Bharate Sandip B. , Jadhav Hemant R.
Published: August 2024

Pyrrol-2-yl-phenyl allylidene hydrazine carboximidamide derivatives as AChE/BACE 1 dual inhibitors.
Green synthesis and antitumor activity of (E)-diethyl 2-styrylquinoline-3,4-dicarboxylates
Authors: Zhang Hong , Wang Jianyuan , Li Cheng , Zhao Di , Liang Tianyu , Li Yang
Published: August 2024

Application of an environmentally benign and non-toxic eutectic mixture DMU/LTA for the green synthesis of (E)-diethyl 2-arylvinylquinoline-3,4-dicarboxylates is described. A preliminary antitumor evaluation was then assayed.
Development of a new experimental NMR strategy for covalent cysteine protease inhibitors screening: toward enhanced drug discovery
Authors: Chihab Abdelali , El Brahmi Nabil , Hamdoun Ghanem , El Abbouchi Abdelmoula , Ghammaz Hamza , Touil Nadia , Bousmina Mostafa , El Fahime Elmostafa , El Kazzouli Saïd
Published: August 2024

In the development of antiviral drugs, proteases and polymerases are among the most important targets.
Correlated shapeshifting and configurational isomerization
Authors: Hussein Burhan A. , Maturi William , Rylands Mary Kate , Bismillah Aisha N. , Wen Yuzhen , Aguilar Juan A. , Ayub Rabia , Rankine Conor D. , McGonigal Paul R.
Published: August 2024

Rearrangements of a bullvalene cage between constitutional isomers are directed by configurational isomerization of a pendant group through noncovalent interactions.
Water–glycan interactions drive the SARS-CoV-2 spike dynamics: insights into glycan-gate control and camouflage mechanisms
Authors: Blazhynska Marharyta , Lagardère Louis , Liu Chengwen , Adjoua Olivier , Ren Pengyu , Piquemal Jean-Philip
Published: August 2024

We zoomed in on the SARS-CoV-2 interaction layers in open and closed states, revealing a protein–solvent–glycan polarization network supporting the open state. Besides, we showed that the glycan shield maintains viral camouflage in both states.
Colorimetric nano-biosensor for low-resource settings: insulin as a model biomarker
Authors: Syed Zia ul Quasim , Samaraweera Sathya , Wang Zhuo , Krishnan Sadagopan
Published: August 2024

Biomarkers provide critical molecular insights into diseases and abnormal conditions. This article presents biomarker analysis in biofluids through an equipment-free colorimetric method, which is particularly relevant for point-of-need applications.
A coaxial electrospun mat coupled with piezoelectric stimulation and atorvastatin for rapid vascularized bone regeneration
Authors: Chen Jiangping , Su Yang , Wu Jinyang , Zhang Chuxi , Liu Nian , Zhang Yong , Lin Kaili , Zhang Shilei
Published: August 2024

We first developed a novel coaxial electrospun mat coupling the piezoelectric nanoparticle ZnO with the angiogenic drug atorvastatin (AVT). Electrospun mats ultimately succeeded in promoting regeneration of critical bone defects in the mandible.
Nanozymes in cancer immunotherapy: metabolic disruption and therapeutic synergy
Authors: Xu Xiangrui , Zhang Yaowen , Meng Chijun , Zheng Wenzhuo , Wang Lingfeng , Zhao Chenyi , Luo Feng
Published: August 2024

The unique roles of nanozymes in enhancing immunotherapy through disrupting tumor metabolism and mediating combination therapies.
A self-assembled copper-artemisinin nanoprodrug as an efficient reactive oxygen species amplified cascade system for cancer treatment
Authors: Zhu Xueyu , Bi Chenyang , Cao Wei , Li Shuangshuang , Yuan Chuting , Xu Pengping , Wang Dongdong , Chen Qianwang , Zhang Lei
Published: August 2024

Self-assembled nanoprodrug was constructed via coordinative interactions between artesunate-histidine conjugate and copper ions, serving as efficient Fenton-like reagent for robust ROS generation toward tumor therapy both in vitro and in vivo.
Graphene enhanced charge transfer in ITO optoelectronic synapses for artificial vision systems
Authors: Liang Jiran , Yu Xuan , Cheng Chuantong , Huang Beiju , Wang Zidong , Huang Liting
Published: August 2024

Constructing a heterojunction using graphene and photosensitive material indium tin oxide to generate charge transfer between the two under light and electrical stimulation, and simulating various biological synaptic plasticity characteristics.
Designing a decentralized multi‐community peer‐to‐peer electricity trading framework
Authors: Shafiekhani Morteza , Qadrdan Meysam , Zhou Yue , Wu Jianzhong
Published: August 2024

Electric power systems are currently undergoing a transformation towards a decentralized paradigm by actively involving prosumers, through the utilization of distributed multi‐energy sources. This research introduces a fully decentralized multi‐community peer‐to‐peer electricity trading mechanism, which integrates iterative auction and pricing methods within local electricity markets. The mechanism classifies peers in all communities on an hourly basis depending on their electricity surplus or deficit, facilitating electricity exchange between sellers and buyers. Moreover, communities engage in energy exchange not only within and between themselves but also with the grid. The proposed mechanism adopts a fully decentralized approach known as the alternating direction method of multipliers. The key advantage of this approach is that it eliminates the need for a supervisory node or the disclosure of private information of the involved parties. Furthermore, this study incorporates the flexibility provided by residential heating systems and energy storage systems into the energy scheduling of some prosumers. Case studies illustrate that the proposed multi‐community peer‐to‐peer electricity trading mechanism effectively enhances local energy balance. Specifically, the proposed mechanism reduces average daily electricity costs for individual prosumers by 63% compared to scenarios where peer‐to‐peer electricity trading is not employed.
A Review Study of Acupuncture, Moxibustion, Tui-na Combined with Rehabilitation Training in the Treatment of Paraplegic Injuries
Authors: Chi Cheng
Published: August 2024

One of the common diseases in trauma surgery is spinal cord injury. Young adults are mainly the victims of this disease. Unpredictability, suddenness, accidental nature and high disability rate are the characteristics of this disease, which greatly affects the quality of life of patients and increases the burden of family members. In recent years, the incidence of accidents such as traffic accidents and falls from height has increased, and its prevalence is increasing year by year. A comprehensive study was conducted to investigate the differences in the efficacy of acupuncture and massage combined with rehabilitation training and the current international standard rehabilitation training for the recovery of paraplegia due to traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI), in order to explore a safe and effective combination of traditional and modern innovative rehabilitation treatment options for the clinical treatment of this disease. Both rehabilitation training and acupuncture and massage combined with rehabilitation training can improve SS, MS, ADL and CF in traumatic paraplegia patients; in the long term, acupuncture and massage combined with rehabilitation training can significantly improve ADL and CF in traumatic paraplegia patients, and the long term effect is better than the control group. Acupuncture and Tuina combined with rehabilitation training is a safe and effective treatment option for traumatic paraplegia.
Effect of calculus bovis cultured in vitro on quality of life and immune function of patients with non-small cell lung cancer undergoing chemotherapy
Authors: Huang Ying , Dong Jun , Wang Wei , Cao Jie
Published: August 2024

Randomly dividing 160 cases into two groups, the research group was given conventional chemotherapy while the other was exposed to in vitro cultured calculus bovis, in order to evaluate the impact of this on the quality of life and immune function of those with non-small cell lung cancer undergoing chemotherapy. The clinical efficacy, quality of life scale (QLQ-C30, QLQ-LCL3) scores and immune indexes (CD4+, CD8+, CD4+/CD8+) were evaluated after two chemotherapy cycles. The comparison of clinical efficacy between the two groups yielded significant results (P >0.05). After treatment, physical, emotional, and fatigue scores in the comparison group increased significantly (P <0.05); shortness of breath in the research group decreased (P <0.05); loss of appetite in the comparison group rose (P<0.05); and total health in the research group increased significantly (P<0.05). ③ The research group’s CD4+, CD4+/CD8+ levels after treatment were greater than those in the comparison group, and CD8+ was lower (P <0.05). In vitro cultivation of cattle can enhance the clinical efficacy, quality of life, and immune function of those suffering from non-small cell lung cancer.
A Study on the Biological Characteristics of Kidney Yin Deficiency and Kidney Yang Deficiency Models in SPF-grade Kunming Mice
Authors: Li Jin , Li Shuangshuang , Yang Yuanyuan , Deng Zaohua , Feng Xueping , Jiang Lihe , Wang Jie
Published: August 2024

Objective: To investigate the establishment and biological characteristics of Kidney Yin Deficiency (KYD) and Kidney Yang Deficiency (KYD) models in Specific Pathogen Free (SPF)-grade Kunming mice. Methods: Seventy-two SPF-grade Kunming mice were randomly divided into KYD, KYD, and blank control groups. The KYD group received subcutaneous injections of hydrocortisone at 50 mg/kg for 5 days, while the KYD group received 25 mg/kg for 10 days. Various physiological parameters were measured after modeling. Results: Compared to the control group, the KYD and KYD groups showed significant differences in body weight gain, food intake, urine volume, cold water swimming time, grasping irritability, active grid crossings, epididymal sperm count, and active sperm count (P < 0.05). The KYD group had higher isolation-induced aggression scores (P < 0.05), while the KYD group had lower rectal and tail temperatures (P < 0.05). Compared to the KYD group, the KYD group had higher tail and rectal temperatures and increased active grid crossings (P < 0.05). Conclusions: The hydrocortisone-induced KYD and KYD models in mice exhibited corresponding symptoms and biological characteristics, reflecting the features of these syndromes in Traditional Chinese Medicine. This study provides a foundation for further research on Kidney deficiency models.
Study on the Etiology, Pathogenesis and Clinical Symptoms of Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis
Authors: Pu Jialin , Zhang Junru
Published: August 2024

Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT) is a common thyroid autoimmune disease with multiple impacts on the thyroid of patients. The main clinical manifestations include disorder of humoral and cellular immunity, and morphological and functional changes in the thyroid. There have been a variety of factors influencing the development of HT, such as genes, environment, uneven nutrition intake, and so on. The pathogenesis is complex and there is no method to completely cure and reverse HT. However, the exact etiology and pathogenesis have not been fully clarified. Therefore, the current research task is to understand the clinical manifestations, explore the pathogenic factors and study the pathogenesis. This article briefly introduces the main clinical features of HT and summarizes the research results of different scholars on the pathogenic factors and pathogenesis.
Research progress on the mechanism and drug treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Cao Rui , Zhang Yan , Zhao Lin , Su Le , Zhang Song , Yue Qiulin , Tian Li , Sun Xin , Li Kunlun , Zhao Chen , Zhang Song
Published: August 2024

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is a heterogeneous lung disease, which is characterized by chronic respiratory symptoms such as cough, expectoration and dyspnea caused by abnormal respiratory tract and/or alveolar abnormalities, resulting in persistent and progressive airflow obstruction. Patients show systemic inflammatory response and impaired lung function. Failure to intervene in a timely and effective manner will directly threaten the life safety of patients. Therefore, in-depth understanding of the pathogenesis of COPD and targeted implementation of effective treatment mechanisms are essential for patients to restore health and strive for survival opportunities.
Possibilities of rapid generation cycling of hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) for the stabilization of recessive traits
Authors: Somody Gergő , Molnár Zoltán , Lakatos Erika
Published: August 2024

This study describes the development of a novel hemp germplasm using an accelerated breeding method. Two hemp varieties, ‘Balaton’ (green stem, very early female flowering) and ‘Chamaeleon’ (yellow stem, early maturing), were chosen for breeding. The breeding method involved crossing the varieties, manipulating light conditions to induce flowering, and performing artificial pollination. Yellow stem colour, a recessive trait from ‘Chamaeleon’, was successfully incorporated into the progeny within four generations in only twelve months overall. This demonstrates the effectiveness of the accelerated breeding method for introducing new traits and highlights the advantages of this method for rapid development of new hemp varieties compared to traditional breeding techniques. However, limitations such as potential inbreeding depression and the need for outdoor testing, are acknowledged.
The impact of building development and renovation towards the hydrological condition in Java Heritage Hotel Purwokerto
Authors: Pratiwi Annisa Indah , Santoso Purwanto Bekti , Purnomo Sanidhya Nika , Thuy Linh Nguyen Thi
Published: August 2024

The development at the Java Heritage Hotel Purwokerto will have a direct impact on the hotel’s water use. Because it results in reduce water catchment areas. Considering that the water source in this hotel uses groundwater from deep wells, the expansion of the built-up area this hotel will make the groundwater level decreases. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of the development of this hotel on the local drop in groundwater levels and to propose solution for the area’s hydrological circumstance. To overcome the predicted increase in flooding and restore the groundwater level, water conservation measures are required, one of which is infiltration well technique. According to the result of the calculation, the calculate design rainfall for the 5 year return period is 68.66 milimeter per hour. Using the design of infiltration wells with a depth of 3 m and a diameter of 1 m, 162 infiltration wells for absorb roof runoff, 63 infiltration wells for absorb parking a lot runoff, 178 of infiltration well for absorb half the channel capacity and 356 wells for absorbing the total channel capacity. Meanwhile, pumping activities at the this hotel will result in a drawdown of 14 cm, and to return the groundwater level to its original state, a pumping time lag of 2.7 hours is required.
Increased Odds of Cognitive Impairment in Adults with Depressive
Symptoms and Antidepressant Use
Authors: Meshkat Shakila , Wu Michelle , Tassone Vanessa K , Janssen-Aguilar Reinhard , Pang Hilary , Jung Hyejung , Lou Wendy , Bhat Venkat
Published: August 2024

Introduction The relationship between antidepressant use and class with
cognition in depression is unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the association
of cognition with depressive symptoms and antidepressant use (class, duration,
number).

Methods Data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
were examined for cognitive function through various tests and memory issues
through the Medical Conditions questionnaire. Depressive symptoms were assessed
using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9.

Results A total of 2867 participants were included. Participants with
depressive symptoms had significantly higher odds of cognitive impairment (CI)
on the animal fluency test (aOR=1.89, 95% CI=1.30, 2.73, P=0.002) and Digit
Symbol Substitution test (aOR=2.58, 95% CI=1.34, 4.9, P=0.007), as well as
subjective memory issues (aOR=7.25, 95% CI=4.26, 12.32, P<0.001) than those
without depression. There were no statistically significant associations between
any of the CI categories and depressive symptoms treated with an antidepressant
and antidepressant use duration. Participants who were using more than one
antidepressant had significantly higher odds of subjective memory issues than
those who were using one antidepressant. Specifically, users of atypical
antidepressants, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, or tricyclic
antidepressants (TCAs) had significantly higher odds of subjective memory issues
in comparison to no antidepressants, with TCAs showing the largest odds
(aOR=4.21, 95% CI=1.19, 14.86, P=0.028).

Discussion This study highlights the relationship between depressive
symptoms, antidepressant use, and CI. Future studies should further evaluate the
mechanism underlying this phenomenon.
“It Attracts Your Eyes and Brain”: Refining Visualizations for Shared Decision-Making with Heart Failure Patients
Authors: Mangal Sabrina , Hyder Maryam , Zarzuela Kate , McDonald William , Masterson Creber Ruth M. , Kronish Ian M. , Konigorski Stefan , Maurer Mathew S. , Safford Monika M. , Lachs Mark S. , Goyal Parag
Published: August 2024

Background N-of-1 trials have emerged as a personalized approach to patient-centered care, where patients can compare evidence-based treatments using their own data. However, little is known about optimal methods to present individual-level data from medication-related N-of-1 trials to patients to promote decision-making.

Objectives We conducted qualitative interviews with patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction undergoing N-of-1 trials to iterate, refine, and optimize a patient-facing data visualization tool for displaying the results of N-of-1 medication trials. The goal of optimizing this tool was to promote patients' understanding of their individual health information and to ultimately facilitate shared decision-making about continuing or discontinuing their medication.

Methods We conducted 32 semistructured qualitative interviews with 9 participants over the course of their participation in N-of-1 trials. The N-of-1 trials were conducted to facilitate a comparison of continuing versus discontinuing a β-blocker. Interviews were conducted in person or over the phone after each treatment period to evaluate participant perspectives on a data visualization tool prototype. Data were coded using directed content analysis by two independent reviewers and included a third reviewer to reach a consensus when needed. Major themes were extracted and iteratively incorporated into the patient-facing data visualization tool.

Results Nine participants provided feedback on how their data were displayed in the visualization tool. After qualitative analysis, three major themes emerged that informed our final interface. Participants preferred: (1) clearly stated individual symptom scores, (2) a reference image with labels to guide their interpretation of symptom information, and (3) qualitative language over numbers alone conveying the meaning of changes in their scores (e.g., better, worse).

Conclusion Feedback informed the design of a patient-facing data visualization tool for medication-related N-of-1 trials. Future work should include usability and comprehension testing of this interface on a larger scale.
Synthesis of Cyclobutanes and Cyclobutenes by Strain-Release-Driven Ring-Opening of Bicyclo[1.1.0]butanes
Authors: Zhan Xuan , He Heng-Xian , Peng Quanxin , Feng Jian-Jun
Published: August 2024

Cyclobutanes and cyclobutenes exhibit intriguing structures and demonstrate significant biological activities and diverse synthetic applications. This review aims to summarize recent progress in strain-release-driven ring-opening reactions of bicyclo[1.1.0]butanes (BCBs) to synthesize these four-membered carbon rings. It outlines the strategies, regio- and stereoselectivity, the synthetic scope of reactions, and the mechanistic implications of the catalytic ring-opening process, providing a supplementary perspective to existing reviews.

1 Introduction

2 Thermally Driven Nucleophilic Ring-Opening

3 Thermally Driven Rearrangement and Isomerization Reaction

4 Light-Driven Ring-Opening

5 Transition-Metal/Lewis Acid Catalyzed Ring-Opening

6 Conclusion and Outlook
On
α
-chaotic points and chaotic (antichaotic) families of functions
Authors: Loranty Anna , Pawlak Ryszard J.
Published: August 2024

In this paper, a new definition of the entropy of functions and α-entropy points (α≥1) will be introduced. These concepts will be used to explore the possibility of internal disruptions (introducing a virus in the phase space) in order to receive an α-chaotic point.
A Livšic-type theorem and some regularity properties for nonadditive sequences of potentials
Authors: Holanda Carllos Eduardo , Santana Eduardo
Published: August 2024

We study some notions of cohomology for asymptotically additive sequences and prove a Livšic-type result for almost additive sequences of potentials. As a consequence, we are able to characterize almost additive sequences based on their equilibrium measures and also show how to obtain almost (and asymptotically) additive sequences of Hölder continuous functions satisfying the bounded variation condition (with a unique equilibrium measure) and which are not physically equivalent to any additive sequence generated by a Hölder continuous function. Moreover, we also use our main result to suggest a classification of almost additive sequences based on physical equivalence relations with respect to the classical additive setup.
Traveling waves for a nonlocal diffusion system with asymmetric kernels and delays
Authors: Yang Yun-Rui , Yang Lu , Mu Ke-Wang
Published: August 2024

This paper mainly deals with the (non)existence, asymptotic behaviors and uniqueness of traveling waves to a nonlocal diffusion system with asymmetric kernels and delays for quasi-monotone case. The difference from some previous works is the asymmetry reflected in both diffusion and reaction terms, and this not only has an impact on the positivity of minimal wave speed and the wave profiles of traveling waves with the same speed spreading from the left and right of the x-axis, but also leads to some difficulties for the nonexistence and asymptotic behaviors of traveling waves, which are overcome by using new techniques. Thereby, the results for traveling waves of nonlocal diffusion equations with symmetric kernels and with (or without) delays are improved to equations with asymmetric kernels, and those conclusions for scalar equations and systems with Laplace diffusion and local nonlinearities are also generalized to the nonlocal case. Finally, some concrete applications and numerical simulations are shown to confirm our theoretical results.
Dynamical analysis of a novel 2D Lyapunov exponent controllable memristive chaotic map
Authors: Li Kunshuai , Wang Qiao , Hu Chenyang , Liang Bo , Jian Canling , Zheng Quan , Tian Zean , Zhao Jianchuan
Published: August 2024

The proposal of discrete memristors has made memristive chaotic maps based on them an important research topic. In this study, a new two-dimensional chaotic map without fixed points is constructed, and numerical simulation results display its rich dynamical behaviors. The analysis reveals the map's center inversion symmetry and Lyapunov exponent controller. The map exhibits complex dynamical behaviors, including memristor initial-boosting and single-parameter-offset boosting. Embedding the absolute value function within the memristor results in the emergence of localized boosting-free regions. Moreover, a class of multicavity transients is captured that greatly enhances the system's complexity. Ultimately, this map is implemented on the STM32 platform, demonstrating its practical applicability in potential practical application scenarios.
Tailored micromixing in chemically patterned microchannels undergoing electromagnetohydrodynamic flow
Authors: Das Soumadip , Vanarse Vinod B. , Bandyopadhyay Dipankar
Published: August 2024

The study unveils a simple, non-invasive method to perform micromixing with the help of spatiotemporal variation in the Lorentz force inside a microchannel decorated with chemically heterogeneous walls. Computational fluid dynamics simulations have been utilized to investigate micromixing under the coupled influence of electric and magnetic fields, namely, electromagnetohydrodynamics, to alter the direction of the Lorentz force at the specific locations by creating the reverse flow zones where the pressure gradient, ∇p=0. The study explores the impact of periodicity, distribution, and size of electrodes alongside the magnitude of applied field intensity, the flow rate of the fluid, and the nature of the electric field on the generation of the mixing vortices and their strength inside the microchannels. The results illustrate that the wall heterogeneities can indeed enforce the formation of localized on-demand vortices when the strength of the localized reverse flow overcomes the inertia of the mainstream flow. In such a scenario, while the vortex size and strength are found to increase with the size of the heterogeneous electrodes and field intensities, the number of vortices increases with the number of heterogeneous electrodes decorated on the channel wall. The presence of a non-zero pressure-driven inflow velocity is found to subdue the strength of the vortices to restrict the mixing facilitated by the localized variation of the Lorentz force. Interestingly, the usage of an alternating current (AC) electric field is found to provide an additional non-invasive control on the mixing vortices by enabling periodic changes in their direction of rotation. A case study in this regard discloses the possibility of rapid mixing with the usage of an AC electric field for a pair of miscible fluids inside a microchannel.
Tilted lidar profiling: Development and testing of a novel scanning strategy for inhomogeneous flows
Authors: Letizia Stefano , Robey Rachel , Bodini Nicola , Sanchez Gomez Miguel , Lundquist Julie K. , Krishnamurthy Raghavendra , Moriarty Patrick J.
Published: August 2024

The most common profiling techniques for the atmospheric boundary layer based on a monostatic Doppler wind lidar rely on the assumption of horizontal homogeneity of the flow. This assumption breaks down in the presence of either natural or human-made obstructions that can generate significant flow distortions. The need to deploy ground-based lidars near operating wind turbines for the American WAKE experimeNt (AWAKEN) spurred a search for novel profiling techniques that could avoid the influence of the flow modifications caused by the wind farms. With this goal in mind, two well-established profiling scanning strategies have been retrofitted to scan in a tilted fashion and steer the beams away from the more severely inhomogeneous region of the flow. Results from a field test at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory's 135-m meteorological tower show that the accuracy of the horizontal mean flow reconstruction is insensitive to the tilt of the scan, although higher-order wind statistics are severely deteriorated at extreme tilts mainly due to geometrical error amplification. A numerical study of the AWAKEN domain based on the Weather Research and Forecasting Model and large-eddy simulation are also conducted to test the effectiveness of tilted profiling. It is shown that a threefold reduction of the error on inflow mean wind speed can be achieved for a lidar placed at the base of the turbine using tilted profiling.
Rydberg superatoms: An artificial quantum system for quantum information processing and quantum optics
Authors: Shao Xiao-Qiang , Su Shi-Lei , Li Lin , Nath Rejish , Wu Jin-Hui , Li Weibin
Published: August 2024

Dense atom ensembles with Rydberg excitations display intriguing collective effects mediated by their strong, long-range dipole–dipole interactions. These collective effects, often modeled using Rydberg superatoms, have gained significant attention across various fields due to their potential applications in quantum information processing and quantum optics. In this review article, we delve into the theoretical foundations of Rydberg interactions and explore experimental techniques for their manipulation and detection. We also discuss the latest advancements in harnessing Rydberg collective effects for quantum computation and optical quantum technologies. By synthesizing insights from theoretical studies and experimental demonstrations, we aim to provide a comprehensive overview of this rapidly evolving field and its potential impact on the future of quantum technologies.
Formation of cylindrical plasma equilibria with β > 1
Authors: Timofeev I. V. , Kurshakov V. A. , Berendeev E. A.
Published: August 2024

High-beta plasma equilibria are realized in a number of physical systems, from planetary magnetospheres, sunspots, and magnetic holes to fusion laboratory experiments. When plasma pressure becomes large enough to completely expel the magnetic field from its volume, the particle trajectories cannot be considered any more as circular gyro-orbits, and plasma pressure ceases to be gyrotropic. These non-gyrotropic effects require kinetic description and are actively studied for a long time in the magnetic reconnection problem. In this paper, we will show that non-gyrotropy of plasma pressure makes it possible to markedly exceed the limit β=1 dictated by the magnetohydrodynamics for finite-size plasmas, which may be attractive for some fusion schemes such as mirror and cusp configurations. As a first step, we study how these effects manifest themselves in a simple classical problem of confining a cylindrical plasma column by a uniform vacuum magnetic field. Using particle-in-cell simulations, we show that the equilibrium of the diamagnetic bubble type with zero internal magnetic field is formed with an electron-produced current layer of sub-ion scale and found that the gas-kinetic pressure of the central plasma exceeds the pressure of the vacuum magnetic field by 15%.
Study on supersonic jet control with spoiler using Lagrangian coherent structures and dilatation gradient
Authors: Jia Lefan , Liu Yan , Li Zhihui , Shi Weikang , He Yefan , Wu Wei , Zhang Jiazhong
Published: August 2024

Spoilers are widely used in rocket propulsion and turbine propulsion due to their maneuverability and ease of control. Since the traditional Euler frame can only describe the instantaneous state of flow fields, an improved method combined with Lagrangian coherent structures and dilatation gradient is introduced to analyze the change in flow field containing shock waves and the process of mass transport. First, the effects of spoiler inserted into the jet core of a thrust vector control system were studied. Subsequently, in order to reduce thrust loss and improve efficiency, the spoiler profile is optimized according to shock wave structures identified by finite-time Lyapunov exponent (FTLE) to dilatation fields. It is found that the vortex intensity near the nozzle wall gradually decreases with increase in the spoiler angle, and the intensity as well as the angle of oblique shock wave behind the spoiler gradually increases. Importantly, the thrust loss increases with the increment of angle, while the lateral force increases first but decreases subsequently. Moreover, according to the results using FTLE and dilatation gradient with different spoiler parameters, it is shown that the flow separation of the spoiler wall and the leakage flow of the spoiler gap are the key factors affecting spoiler performance. Consequently, the spoiler profile is optimized to reduce leakage flow and delay flow separation. Optimized spoilers can generate nearly the same lateral force, with only a maximum reduction of 5.89%, while reducing thrust loss up to 30%. In summary, the results obtained could be used to design one spoiler with higher aerodynamic performance.
A rigid and compact piezoelectric motor with high output efficiency
Authors: Touqeer Muhammad , Maqbool Syed Asad , Esmaeilzadeh Behnam , Zheng Shaofeng , Meng Wenjie , Abas Asim , Wang Jihao , Feng Qiyuan , Hou Yubin , Lu Qingyou
Published: August 2024

We introduce a novel piezoelectric stepper motor featuring high compactness, rigidity, and any direction operability. Here, not only is the structure of high novelty but also the working principle very simple. The piezo stacks unit is sandwiched between two spring finger pieces, with almost equal clamping forces applied between the top of the piezo stacks’ unit and the spring finger piece. Applying individual driving signals to each of the five piezo stack pairs, causing deformation one by one in the same direction, followed by simultaneous recovery in the reverse direction, enables movement of the frame part. The optimized clamping force of the piezoelectric stack units and spring fingers ensures maximum output force. The motor’s operational capability at low threshold voltages, specifically 8 V for downward movement and 10 V for upward movement, confirmed its efficacy in both vertical and horizontal directions. The motor’s operational capability at a low threshold voltage of 10 V confirmed its efficacy in both vertical and horizontal directions. At room temperature, step size ranges from 0.3 to 7.4 µm at 20 Hz frequency and varying driving voltage from 10 to 180 V. It has a maximum travel range of about 5 mm and can lift a maximum load of 220 g in an upward direction, so the maximum output force generated by this motor is 2.2 N. The compact and rigid design is capable of building an atomically resolved scanning probe microscope, and its working ability has the potential to use the cleavage of different types of samples in limited space environments, such as the small-bore superconducting magnet and low temperature.
Realization of logic gates in bi-directionally coupled nonlinear oscillators
Authors: Deshaka S. , Sathish Aravindh M. , Arun R. , Venkatesan A. , Lakshmanan M.
Published: August 2024

Implementation of logic gates has been investigated in nonlinear dynamical systems from various perspectives over the years. Specifically, logic gates have been implemented in both single nonlinear systems and coupled nonlinear oscillators. The majority of the works in the literature have been done on the evolution of single oscillators into OR/AND or NOR/NAND logic gates. In the present study, we demonstrate the design of logic gates in bi-directionally coupled double-well Duffing oscillators by applying two logic inputs to the drive system alone along with a fixed bias. The nonlinear system, comprising both bi-directional components, exhibits varied logic behaviors within an optimal range of coupling strength. Both attractive and repulsive couplings yield similar and complementary logic behaviors in the first and second oscillators. These couplings play a major role in exhibiting fundamental and universal logic gates in simple nonlinear systems. Under a positive bias, both the first and second oscillators demonstrate OR logic gate for the attractive coupling, while exhibiting OR and NOR logic gates, respectively, for the repulsive coupling. Conversely, under a negative bias, both the first and second oscillators display AND logic gate for the attractive coupling, and AND and NAND logical outputs for the repulsive coupling. Furthermore, we confirm the robustness of the bi-directional oscillators against moderate noise in maintaining the desired logical outputs.
Magneto-optical properties in AA-stacked bilayer transition metal dichalcogenides under an exponentially decaying magnetic field
Authors: Liu Danna , Wang Shengxiang , Zheng Jun
Published: August 2024

The Landau levels (LLs) and magneto-optical responses in the AA-stacked bilayer transition metal dichalcogenides in the presence of an exponentially decaying magnetic field are investigated. Sixteen separate Landau levels are predicted in the numerical results, which are the result of the spin, valley, and layer degeneracy lifting induced by the spin Zeeman field. Interestingly, we find that the ∇B drift velocity perpendicular to the magnetic field gradient is τ⋅s-degenerate and independent of the layer index and the strength of the spin Zeeman field. Based on the linear-response theory, the magneto-optical conductivity is derived as a function of photon energy where only the intraband transition associated with the incident light in the THz regime is considered. Our result reveals that the merit of absorption peaks in the real part of longitudinal conductivity under the nonuniform magnetic field is influenced by the combined effect of the optical transition selection rule and the mixing rule of Landau states. Moreover, the response of optical conductivity is significantly modified when the inhomogeneity of the magnetic field, i.e., ξ0, is varied. Furthermore, the position of optical response is found to shift toward the high magneto-excitation frequency as ξ0 increases.
Experimental study of deformation characteristics of ice-melting droplets at voltages less than and greater than the critical discharge voltage
Authors: Yang Lin , Gou Xinyang , Liu Quan , Hu Xingkun , Chen Yifei , Li Hao , Hao Yanpeng , Li Licheng
Published: August 2024

The deformation of water droplets produced by melting icicles before and after electric discharge is studied through dynamic deformation experiments on an icicle–flat-plate electrode model. The maximum droplet deformation length, the critical growth rate of the deformation length, and the changes in droplet shape parameters at different applied voltages before and after the generation of discharge arcs are investigated. When no discharge occurs, the maximum droplet deformation length increases with increasing applied voltage, then decreases (primarily because of an opposing force exerted by the ionic wind generated by corona discharge), and then increases again. The critical growth rate of the droplet deformation length increases with increasing applied voltage. When discharge occurs, the maximum droplet deformation length exhibits a monotonically decreasing trend with increasing applied voltage, whereas the critical growth rate of the deformation length decreases, then increases, and then decreases again with increasing applied voltage. The falling pattern of droplets changes from a dripping faucet mode to a jet-like mode at sufficiently high applied voltage, and this is responsible for the sudden increase in the critical growth rate of droplet deformation. Both before and after discharge occurs, the shape parameter of the droplet shows an increasing trend with increasing applied voltage, and the evolution of droplet shape progresses from spherical to pear-like to bar-like.
Design and initial results of the imaging neutral particle analyzer in large helical device
Authors: Paenthong W. , Ogawa K. , Sangaroon S. , Du X. D. , Liu D. , Liao L. Y. , Wisitsorasak A. , Onjun T. , Isobe M.
Published: August 2024

A novel Imaging Neutral Particle Analyzer (INPA) was newly installed in early 2024 to enhance the understanding of fast ion confinement on Large Helical Devices (LHDs). This diagnostic system, based on a magnetic spectrometer using a scintillator, provides energy-resolved radial profiles of confined fast ions by measuring charge-exchanged fast neutrals escaping from the plasma. The system utilizes a 100 nm thick carbon foil to ionize the fast neutrals, subsequently deflecting the ions toward a scintillator via the existing local magnetic field. The fast ion energy and sightline determine the position of the scintillation, while the light intensity depends on the flux of the fast ions. The INPA features two apertures, facilitating effective measurements in both clockwise and counterclockwise magnetic field directions in the LHD. This INPA was designed as a passive measurement system that measures fast ions charge exchange with background neutrals, focusing on perpendicular beam ions from 5 to 100 keV with an energy resolution of about 5.75 keV. This paper describes the details of the design, installation, and the initial results of the INPA on the LHD. This work will contribute significantly to a deeper understanding of fast ion transport due to magnetohydrodynamic instabilities.
Gallium oxide (Ga2O3) energy dependent scintillation response to fast neutrons and flash gamma-rays
Authors: Valdes D. J. , Miller S. , Leak C. , Haque S. , Gunthoti K. , Wender S. A. , Paneru S. , Lee H.-Y. , Vogel S. C. , Sun K.-X.
Published: August 2024

Gallium oxide is a newly emerged ultrawide bandgap (4.9 eV) semiconductor that is suitable as a combined electronics and radiation detection platform. We have experimentally demonstrated fast neutron and gamma-ray scintillation from Czochralski-grown β-Ga2O3 in a recent series (October 2023) of experiments at the unmoderated pulsed neutron spallation source located at the Los Alamos Neutron Science Center. Using the neutron time-of-flight (TOF) technique and a fast-gated intensified CCD camera, we observed energy-dependent neutron scintillation for neutron energies ranging from 1 to 400 MeV, including the 14.1 MeV neutron energy relevant to D–T fusion. Neutron flux is quantified and calibrated by cascading the scintillator after the fission chamber, enabling a detailed analysis of temporal and energy-dependent characteristics of the scintillation events. A pronounced scintillation signal from the spallation gamma flash with a temporal full width of half maximum of ∼4 ns is indicative of the material’s rapid response. Neutron energy dependent scintillation is observed using the TOF method at a 22.6-m distance from the neutron source. These results highlight the possibility of developing a Ga2O3 based fusion neutron diagnostic platform integrated with both scintillation and electronics functions on the integrated chip scale.
A two-dimensional numerical study on the coalescence of viscous double emulsion droplets in a constricted capillary tube
Authors: Munir Bacha , Wu Liangyu
Published: August 2024

In this paper, we study numerically the motion of a pair of double-emulsion (DE) droplets in a two-dimensionally singly constricted capillary tube. The momentum and continuity equations are solved using the finite element method, and the interface is tracked via the level set method. The influence of interfacial tension, viscosity and density ratios, droplet size, pore throat size, and geometrical shape on the droplets' local extra pressure drop and instantaneous velocities are calculated. It is found that at higher interfacial tension, DE droplets are difficult to deform and lead to coalescence at the constriction throat. At low interfacial tension, droplets do not coalesce and can be easily deformed. Higher interfacial tension gives a larger pressure drop and reduces fluid flow mobility. More viscous oil drops pass through the constriction without coalescence and create larger pressure drops. Changing the inner drop size does not result in oil drop coalescence. However, the local pressure drop elevates as the inner water drop size decreases and vice versa. Small pores reduce the droplet and fluid flow mobility. Among the geometrical shape effects, the rectangular shape is more responsible for larger local pressure drop.
Computational analysis of magnetohydrodynamic ternary-hybrid nanofluid flow and heat transfer inside a porous cavity with shape effects
Authors: Kim Hyunju , Do Younghae , Ramachandran Sivaraj , Sankar M. , Thirumalaisamy K.
Published: August 2024

The current study aims to analyze the magnetohydrodynamic natural convective fluid flow and heat transmission features of the ternary-hybrid nanofluid filled the partially heated porous square cavity under the impacts of heat absorption/generation and thermal radiation. The governing equations are solved using the Marker and Cell method. In the present study, three different types of nanoparticles, such as molybdenum disulfide (MoS2), single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT), and silver (Ag), are suspended in an inorganic (water) or non-polar organic (kerosene) solvent. Nine different shapes of nanoparticles are utilized in this study. The outcomes show that for the fixed pertinent parameter values of the existence and nonexistence of heat generation/absorption, the MoS2+SWCNT+Ag/water ternary-hybrid nanofluids synthesized by lamina-shaped nanoparticles, the average thermal transmission rate is increased by 40.8523%, 36.329%, and 38.7025%, respectively, than sphere-shaped nanoparticles. In addition, utilizing the MoS2+SWCNT+Ag/kerosene ternary-hybrid nanofluids synthesized by lamina-shaped nanoparticles, the average heat transmission rate is augmented by 38.0322%, 33.0464%, and 35.5868%, respectively, than sphere-shaped nanoparticles. The current study reveals that the fluid flow and heat transfer efficiency are significantly increased by improving the nanoparticle volume fraction and shape factors depending upon the existence of heat absorption/generation. The high average heat transfer efficiency is observed when lamina-shaped nanoparticles are dispersed into the water compared to kerosene in the presence of a heat source. This study can enhance heat transmission efficiency in various industrial and engineering fields, such as heat exchangers, solar collectors, and fuel cells.
Direct initiation of hydrogen detonation in fine water sprays
Authors: Xu Yong , Li Shangpeng , Meng Qingyang , Zhang Jungtang , Zhang Huangwei
Published: August 2024

Understanding the direct initiation of detonation is crucial for developing effective detonation inhibition strategies. We numerically investigate the direct initiation of hydrogen/air detonation in a circular water cloud using the Eulerian–Lagrangian method with two-way gas–droplet coupling. Parametric analyses demonstrate that both droplet concentration and cloud radius have significant effects on peak pressure trajectories of the detonation wave. Three direct initiation modes of detonation in fine water sprays are observed: supercritical, critical, and subcritical. These modes are identified based on the triple point trajectories and the evolutions of local shock speeds. In critical initiation, the characteristic scales for the gas–droplet two-phase detonation are plotted. Analyzing the gas temperature and chemical timescale reveals that critical initiation involves three phases: overdriven detonation due to strong blast wave, detonation decoupling resulting from fine droplets with high evaporation rates, and detonation re-initiation induced by focusing of transverse detonation waves, as well as its decaying to approach the Chapman–Jouguet speed. Furthermore, subcritical initiation generally has overdriven detonation followed by detonation decoupling, featured by quickly fading peak pressure trajectories. This is because the triple points and transverse waves are weakened by two-phase exchanges and cannot directly initiate gas reactions. The influence of water cloud characteristics, including droplet evaporation rate, temperature, diameter, and Weber number, is explored. Results show four distinctive zones of the water cloud in the two-phase detonation initiation: pre-evaporation, low evaporation rate, high evaporation rate, and central evaporation. It is also demonstrated that the shocked cloud initially expands outwardly and then shrinks. The low-evaporation-rate zone first vanishes, followed by the outer cloud, while the inner cloud persists until the final stage. The droplet behaviors follow Pilch and Erdman model.