bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ДИНАМІКА ЗМІН ЕПІДЕМІЧНОЇ СИТУАЦІЇ З ТУБЕРКУЛЬОЗУ В ОБЛАСТЯХ ПРИЧОРНОМОРСЬКОГО РЕГІОНУ ТА В УКРАЇНІ В ПЕРІОД З 2006 ДО 2018 рр.
Authors: Talalayev K. O. , Goidyk V. S. , Vastyanov R. S. , Todorova A. V.
Published: October 2019

Мета: проаналізувати епідемічну ситуацію з туберкульозу в Україні та, зокрема, в Причорноморському регіоні (Одеська, Миколаївська та Херсонська області) в період з 2006 до 2018 р. за показниками захворюваності на нові випадки та рецидиви туберкульозу, туберкульоз легень з бактеріовиділенням, мультирезистентний туберкульоз та ко-інфекцію туберкульоз+ВІЛ, а також поширеності та летальності від туберкульозу та ко-інфекції туберкульоз+ВІЛ.

Матеріали і методи. Для проведення цього дослідження використано аналітично-статистичні матеріали щодо туберкульозу, оприлюднені на офіційному сайті Центру громадського здоров’я МОЗ України.

Результати. З 2012 р. показник захворюваності на туберкульоз в Україні щороку знижувався в середньому на 4,2 %. Проте в Одеській області в період з 2011 до 2018 р. захворюваність на туберкульоз зросла на 30,3 %. Інтенсивний показник захворюваності на ко-інфекцію ТБ+ВІЛ в Україні збільшився на 21 % в період з 2011 до 2017 р. Зниження поширеності та летальності від туберкульозу в Україні спостерігають з 2006 до 2017 р. та з 2012 до 2017 р. відповідно.

Висновки. З 2011 до 2017 р. захворюваність на туберкульоз (нові випадки та рецидиви), туберкульоз легень з бактеріовиділенням, вперше діагностований туберкульоз, мультирезистентний туберкульоз та ко-інфекція туберкульоз+ВІЛ в Одеській, Миколаївській та Херсонській областях щороку перевищували відповідні середні показники по Україні.

У Причорноморському регіоні, за винятком Одеської області, та в Україні в цілому з 2012 до 2017 р. простежується тенденція до зниження летальності від туберкульозу.

Летальність від ко-інфекції туберкульоз+ВІЛ в Одеській та Миколаївській областях щороку перевищувала показник по України у середньому в 2,6 та 3,2 раза відповідно.
РАННЯ ДІАГНОСТИКА ТА СКРИНІНГ ЯК ОСНОВНІ СКЛАДОВІ СТРАТЕГІЇ ПРОТИДІЇ ОНКОЛОГІЧНИМ ЗАХВОРЮВАННЯМ
Authors: Skrypnikova O. S. , Yurochko T. P.
Published: October 2019

Мета: проаналізувати сучасні показники захворюваності та смертності від онкологічних захворювань, роль ранньої діагностики та скринінгу у зниженні показників високої смертності від раку та підходи до скринінгу онкопатологій у світі та Україні.

Матеріали і методи. У дослідженні використовувались бібліосемантичний, структурно-логічний та порівняльний аналізи, а також аналітичний метод.

Результати дослідження та обговорення. Захворюваність та смертність від онкологічних захворювань зростають дуже швидко в усьому світі. Причини високої захворюваності - складні, але відображають як старіння, так і приріст населення, а також зміни поширеності та розподілу основних факторів ризику онкологічних захворювань, деякі з яких пов'язані із соціально-економічним розвитком. Проблема високої смертності від онкологічних захворювань дуже гостра для всіх країн світу, включаючи економічно розвинені. Від 30% до 60% пацієнтів померли від раку через пізнє діагностування онкопатології. Аналіз показав, що стратегії боротьби з раком у Великобританії, Франції, Польщі та Сполучених Штатах Америки засновані на Резолюції Всесвітньої організації охорони здоров’я щодо профілактики та контролю онкологічних захворювань (2005) і включають профілактику, діагностику та скринінг. Завдяки впровадженню скринінгових програм в рутинну медичну практику країн ЄС та Споглучених Штатів, вдалося знизити рівень смертності від раку. В Україні є три обов’язкові скринінг-тести на рак молочної залози, шийки матки та передміхурової залози. Однак програми скринінгу на ці види раку наразі малоефективні. Насправді, рання діагностика раку все ще випливає з самообстеження та усвідомлення змін у власному здоров’ї потенційного пацієнта, що призводить до пізньої діагностики та важкого перебігу захворювання.

Висновки. Згідно з дослідженнями, опублікованими ВООЗ, реєструються мільйони смертей від різних видів раку щорічно у всьому світі. Однак було доведено, що рання діагностика, скринінг та раціональне лікування раку можуть знизити рівні захворюваності та смертності. Досвід країн Західної Європи та США показує, що систематична робота з ранньої діагностики та скринінгу дозволяє зменшити захворюваність та смертність на рак. В Україні існують обов'язкові скринінгові тести на рак молочної залози, шийки матки та передміхурової залози, але вони все ще є несистематичними та, як наслідок, неефективними.
АНАЛІЗ РЕАБІЛІТАЦІЇ УЧАСНИКІВ ОПЕРАЦІЇ ОБ’ЄДНАНИХ СИЛ
Authors: Gavlovsky A. D. , Golovanova I. A. , Kharchenko N. V.
Published: October 2019

Мета. Аналіз соціально-психологічної реабілітації учасників операції об’єднаних сил.

Матеріали і методи дослідження.  Обстежено 1043 учасники ООС для визначення стресового розладу за Місісіпським опитувальником. Для узагальнення даних використовувався статистичний метод.

Результати. Стаття присвячена психологічній допомозі, що включає в себе психологічну підтримку і психологічну реабілітацію. Психологічна допомога необхідна всім військовослужбовцям, котрі беруть участь у військових діях. Розглядаються види психологічних станів. Доведена орієнтовна тематика бесід із військовослужбовцями в контексті психологічної просвіти: етапи переживання травмуючої події, обставини, що впливають на переживання психотравмівної події, шкідливість вживання алкоголю у стресовій ситуації, способи покращення фізичного та психічного здоров’я військових, профілактика постстресових розладів, особливості адаптації до умов перебування в зоні бойових дій, та ін.

Проаналізований розвиток реакції нормальної людини на небезпечну подію. Розглянуті діагностичні критерії дезадаптації особистості. Проаналізована командна робота фахівців, що включає висококваліфікованих психологів, що сертифіковані у різних модальностях психотерапії: гештальттерапія, символдрама, психодрама, психосоматика, сімейна системна психотерапія, які спільно складали сценарій щоденної роботи з учасниками АТО, відповідно до їх запитів. Така різноманітність у підходах до психотерапії дала змогу більш системно підійти до вирішення конкретних психологічних проблем військових, які мають різний ступінь травматизації та особистісної дезінтеграції. Приділена увага психологічній реабілітації, спрямованій на компенсацію втрачених професійних і соціально-адаптивних якостей. Розглянуті види фізичної реабілітації. Фізична реабілітація включає: лікувальну фізичну культуру, лікувальний масаж, фізіотерапію, механотерапію, працетерапію, кінезотерапію, егротерапію, консультування, мануальну терапію, рефлексотерапію, фітотерапію, гомеопатичну терапію, ароматерапію, природні фізичні чинники, загартування. Дано визначення соціальній реабілітації, що означає систему заходів, спрямованих на створення і забезпечення умов для повернення особи до активної участі у житті.

Висновки. Після проходження вищеописаних заходів демобілізовані ветерани почували себе краще, при опитуванні, як зазначають респонденти,  їх психологічний стан покращився.
КЛІНІКО-ФУНКЦІОНАЛЬНІ КРИТЕРІЇ ІШЕМІЧНОЇ ХВОРОБИ СЕРЦЯ У ХВОРИХ НА ХРОНІЧНЕ ОБСТРУКТИВНЕ ЗАХВОРЮВАННЯ ЛЕГЕНЬ
Authors: Lilevska A. A. , Sierkova V. K. , Romanova L. O. , Savytska O. O.
Published: October 2019

Мета: вивчити клініко-функціональні особливості ішемічної хвороби серця при коморбідній кардіореспіраторній патології і виявити її найбільш інформативні діагностичні критерії у хворих на хронічне обструктивне захворювання легень.

Матеріали і методи. Обстежено 153 пацієнти, у тому числі 44 зі стабільною ішемічною хворобою серця (ІХС), 53 з діагнозом хронічне обструктивне захворювання легень (ХОЗЛ) і 56 хворих із поєднанням ХОЗЛ та стабільної ІХС на базі Вінницької обласної клінічної лікарні імені М. І. Пирогова.

Результати. На сьогодні ХОЗЛ в Україні характеризується високим рівнем захворюваності, смертності та інвалідності, що призводить до значних економічних затрат для суспільства, втрати працездатності населення і суттєвого зниження якості життя. У хворих на ХОЗЛ основною причиною смертності є серцево-судинні захворювання (ССЗ), тому набуває актуальності рання діагностика ішемічної хвороби серця, яку найчастіше спостерігають у хворих.

У хворих на ХОЗЛ виявлено такі особливості перебігу ІХС: атипові прояви стенокардії, велика частота безбольової форми ішемії міокарда і порушень серцевого ритму за даними добового (холтерівського) моніторування електрокардіограми (ЕКГ), збільшення частоти і ступеня задишки, яке  достовірно відрізняється від інших груп, ремоделювання лівих відділів серця, що асоціюється зі ступенем бронхіальної обструкції.

Висновки. Приєднання ІХС до ХОЗЛ обтяжує перебіг і модифікує клінічну картину, ускладнюючи діагностику захворювань, що зумовлює необхідність проведення добового моніторування ЕКГ і ехокардіографічного обстеження у хворих на ХОЗЛ.
Informação, crenças e atitudes de escolares acerca do uso de Álcool e outras Drogas
Authors: Tavares Marcus Luciano de Oliveira , Reinaldo Amanda Márcia dos Santos , Villa Eliana Aparecida , Pereira Maria Odete , Monteiro Marlene Azevedo Magalhães
Published: October 2019

OBJETIVO: conhecer os níveis de informação, crenças e atitudes de escolares acerca do uso de álcool e outras drogas.MÉTODO: estudo transversal, descritivo e exploratório com uma amostra de 240 escolares da rede municipal de educação de Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil. Foi utilizada a Escala de Representações Sociais do Consumo de Álcool e Drogas em Adolescentes. Os dados foram analisados por meio dos testes t-Student, Mann-Whitney e Correlação de Spearman.RESULTADOS: o uso de álcool e outras drogas foi apontado por 29,2% da amostra. Foi identificado que o nível de informação influencia em atitudes não permissivas e crenças positivas.CONCLUSÃO: a capacitação de escolares sobre a temática é uma importante estratégia para intervenção em escolas, devendo ser realizada de maneira intersetorial, envolvendo saúde e educação, pois desse modo, pode-se reduzir o estigma que associa a temática à marginalização.
Predictors of Late Mortality in D‐Transposition of the Great Arteries After Atrial Switch Repair: Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Venkatesh Prashanth , Evans Arthur T. , Maw Anna M. , Pashun Raymond A. , Patel Agam , Kim Luke , Feldman Dmitriy , Minutello Robert , Wong S. Chiu , Stribling Judy C. , LaPar Damian , Holzer Ralf , Ginns Jonathan , Bacha Emile , Singh Harsimran S.
Published: October 2019

Background

Existing data on predictors of late mortality and prevention of sudden cardiac death after atrial switch repair surgery for D‐transposition of the great arteries (D‐
TGA
) are heterogeneous and limited by statistical power.

Methods and Results

We conducted a systematic review and meta‐analysis of 29 observational studies, comprising 5035 patients, that reported mortality after
atrial switch repair
with a minimum follow‐up of 10 years. We also examined 4 additional studies comprising 105 patients who reported rates of implantable cardioverter‐defibrillator therapy in this population. Average survival dropped to 65% at 40 years after
atrial switch repair
, with
sudden cardiac death
accounting for 45% of all reported deaths. Mortality was significantly lower in cohorts that were more recent and operated on younger patients. Patient‐level risk factors for late mortality were history of supraventricular tachycardia (
odds ratio [OR]
3.8, 95%
CI
1.4–10.7), Mustard procedure compared with Senning (
OR
2.9, 95%
CI
1.9–4.5) and complex D‐
TGA
compared with simple D‐
TGA
(
OR
4.4, 95%
CI
2.2–8.8). Significant risk factors for
sudden cardiac death
were history of
supraventricular tachycardia
(
OR
4.7, 95%
CI
2.2–9.8), Mustard procedure (
OR
2.2, 95%
CI
1.1–4.1), and complex D‐
TGA
(
OR
5.7, 95%
CI
1.8–18.0). Out of a total 124
implantable cardioverter‐defibrillator
discharges over 330 patient‐years in patients with
implantable cardioverter‐defibrillator
s for primary prevention, only 8% were appropriate.

Conclusions

Patient‐level risk of both mortality and
sudden cardiac death
after
atrial switch repair
are significantly increased by history of
supraventricular tachycardia
, Mustard procedure, and complex D‐
TGA
. This knowledge may help refine current selection practices for primary prevention
implantable cardioverter‐defibrillator
implantation, given disproportionately high rates of inappropriate discharges.
The Effect of Religion on the Effectiveness of Ecological Advertising
Authors: Martinez-Fiestas Myriam , Casado-Aranda Luis , Alzamora-Ruiz Jessica , Montoro-Rios Francisco J.
Published: October 2019

Attitudes toward ecological consumption can trigger environmentally responsible intentions and behaviors. Understanding how ecological messages can influence attitudes is essential to mitigate climate change. This paper analyzes how religious affiliation (or lack of), can influence attitudes toward green advertising and explores the role of religious affiliation in the effectiveness of ecological messages. The findings indicate that religious affiliation has an influence on the degree of effectiveness of each message. So, green communications can be a useful tool to persuade atheists to develop more sustainable attitudes when they are exposed the benefits that can be achieved with green behavior. However, persuasive environmental messages, in general, do not generate major changes of attitude among Catholics. Businesses, NGO s, states, educators and society in general should acknowledge that environmental discourses fostering sustainable behavior. Furthermore, messages depicting the problems of environmental behavior have no repercussion on atheists and little on Catholics.
A new atlas and macroscopic wood identification software package for Italian timber species
Authors: Ruffinatto Flavio , Castro Gaetano , Cremonini Corrado , Crivellaro Alan , Zanuttini Roberto
Published: October 2019

Wood identification has never been more important to serve the purpose of global forest protection, by controlling international illegal timber trade and enabling the enforcement of timber trade regulations. Macroscopic wood identification is the fastest method for the first identification of an unknown timber and, with proper training, it can be performed by operators in the timber industry, restorers and curators of cultural heritage, wood traders, designers, students and customs officers. Here we describe a wood atlas and accompanying software, SIR-Legno, developed for the identification of 48 Italian timber species based on a recently proposed list of macroscopic features for wood identification. For each species the atlas provides a complete macroscopic description plus information on natural durability, end-use class, physico-mechanical properties, conservation status, maximum diameter of the bole and most frequent uses. For each genus covered by the atlas, information about species number, CITES-listed species, main commercial timbers, similarly-named timbers from other genera, geographical distribution and notes on species or species group recognition at macroscopic and microscopic level are provided. SIR-Legno is an educational product, a handy identification key and a tool to search woods by their natural durability, end-use class and physico-mechanical properties. Both the atlas and the software can be freely downloaded from the web. Thanks to the adoption of a codified list of characters and a transferable design, SIR-Legno can be easily replicated or expanded to other databases in order to include new species. SIR-Legno is freeware and works on any version of Windows.
Cross-field pitting characteristics of compression, lateral, and opposite wood in the stem wood of Ginkgo biloba and Pinus densiflora
Authors: Purusatama Byantara Darsan , Kim Nam Hun
Published: October 2019

The characteristics of cross-field pitting among compression wood, lateral wood, and opposite wood, in the stem woods ofGinkgo bilobaandPinus densiflorawere investigated with optical and scanning electron microscopy. InGinkgo biloba, compression wood exhibited piceoid pits, while lateral and opposite wood exhibited cupressoid pits. The compression wood ofPinus densifloraexhibited cupressoid pits and piceoid pits, while lateral wood and opposite wood exhibited pinoid and window-like pits in the cross-field. In both species, compression wood yielded the smallest pit number among each part, while opposite wood yielded the greatest pit number per cross-field. Cross-field pitting diameters of compression wood and opposite wood were significantly smaller than lateral wood inGinkgo biloba, while the cross-field pitting of compression wood was the smallest inPinus densiflora. Radial tracheid diameter of compression wood was slightly smaller than lateral and opposite wood inGinkgo bilobaand significantly smaller than lateral and opposite wood inPinus densiflora. In conclusion, the cross-field pitting type, pit number, and cross-field pitting diameter could be used to identify reaction wood in the stem wood ofGinkgo bilobaandPinus densiflora.
Introduction to the Special Issue on Exploring Global Populisms
Authors: Skonieczny Amy , Wahlrab Amentahru
Published: October 2019

It is now without question that populism is spreading around the globe. However, what populism is, how it should be understood and whether or not it is a useful and functional concept is still decidedly under debate. In this Special Issue of Populism, our authors dive into the heart of an emerging and explosive research agenda, and bring insight, empirical data and new ways of connecting populism to globalism in a worldwide context. In our introduction to the issue Emerging Global Populisms, we situate the contributing articles and discuss the contributions in light of the broader research on populism in a global setting.
A new species of Elaphidion Audinet-Serville, 1834, from Antigua and comparison with E. excelsum Gahan, 1895, from Guadeloupe (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae: Elaphidiini)
Authors: VLASAK JOSEF
Published: October 2019

A new species of Elaphidion, E. antiguensis sp. nov. is described from Antigua (West Indies). The host plants and larval biology of E. antiguensis are described and compared to those of E. excelsum, Gahan.
A new species of the genus Rhabdomiris (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Miridae: Mirinae) from the Korean Peninsula, based on morphology and molecular data
Authors: KIM JUNGGON , KIM YOUNG JIN , LIM JONGOK , JUNG SUNGHOON
Published: October 2019

A new species, Rhabdomiris koreanus sp. nov. is described from the Korean Peninsula based on morphology and molecular data. At the same time, a correction of the erroneous record of R. striatellus in the Korean fauna is proposed. Morphological information including a diagnosis and description of the genitalia and biological notes for each species within Rhabdomiris are provided with photographs. A key to the Rhabdomiris species is also presented.
A revision of Eastern Palaearctic Anthobium Leach, 1819 (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Omaliinae: Anthophagini). III. Consanguineum, crassum and reflexum groups, and an additional species of the fusculum group
Authors: SHAVRIN ALEXEY V. , SMETANA ALEŠ
Published: October 2019

Three new species-group are established for eastern Palaearctic species of the genus Anthobium Leach, 1819: the consanguineum-group containing A. consanguineum Shavrin & Smetana, sp.n. (China: Yunnan: Gaoligong Shan, Diancang Shan) and A. jaegeri Shavrin & Smetana, sp.n. (Central Nepal: Kali Gandaki Valley); the crassum-group containing A. crassum Shavrin & Smetana, sp.n. (China: Yunnan: Xue Shan, Haba Shan), A. crenulatum Shavrin & Smetana, sp.n. (China: Yunnan: Diancang Shan), A. explanatum Shavrin & Smetana, sp.n. (China: Sichuan: Gongga Shan), and A. farkaci Shavrin & Smetana, sp.n. (China: Sichuan, Sabde); the reflexum-group containing A. reflexum (Reitter, 1891) (Middle Asia), A.deplanatum Shavrin & Smetana, sp.n. (China: Sichuan: Erlang Shan), A. gaoligongshanense Shavrin & Smetana, sp.n. (China: Yunnan: Gaoligong Shan), and A. kashmiricum (Cameron, 1941) (India: Kashmir). The species groups are defined, briefly discussed, and a key to the species included in each group is given. A lectotype is designated for Lathrimaeum reflexum Reitter, 1891. The subgenus Prionothorax Luze, 1905 is synonymized with the nominal subgenus of Anthobium. An additional species of the fusculum group is described: A. transversale Shavrin & Smetana, sp.n. (China: Sichuan: Gongga Shan). The species of each species-group are (re-)described, illustrated, and their geographical distributions are mapped. Anthobium reflexum is recorded from Kyrgyzstan for the first time.
Haematophagous biting midges of the extant genus Culicoides Latreille (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) evolved during the mid-Cretaceous
Authors: SZADZIEWSKI RYSZARD , DOMINIAK PATRYCJA , SONTAG ELŻBIETA , KRZEMIŃSKI WIESŁAW , WANG BO , SZWEDO JACEK
Published: October 2019

Four new fossil species of haematophagous biting midges of the genus Culicoides Latreille, from mid-Cretaceous Burmese amber are described and illustrated: C. bojarskii Szadziewski & Dominiak sp. nov., C. burmiticus Szadziewski & Dominiak sp. nov., C. ellenbergeri Szadziewski & Dominiak sp. nov. and C. myanmaricus Szadziewski & Dominiak sp. nov. These extinct species are assigned to the new subgenus, Groganomyia Szadziewski & Dominiak subgen. nov. which also includes an extant species that inhabits European mountains, Culicoides cameroni Campbell & Pelham-Clinton, 1960, the type species. These very old (99 Ma) haematophagous biting midges of the extant genus Culicoides from Burmese amber supports the hypothesis that most groups of modern biting midges evolved during the mid-Cretaceous greenhouse climate.
The larva of Phyllogomphoides pugnifer Donnelly, 1979 (Odonata: Gomphidae)
Authors: NOVELO-GUTIÉRREZ RODOLFO , GÓMEZ-ANAYA JOSÉ ANTONIO
Published: October 2019

The larva of Phyllogomphoides pugnifer Donnelly, 1979 is described for the first time based on reared specimens to emergence, and several F-0 larvae collected in Chiapas and Veracruz states, Mexico. The larva of P. pugnifer can be separated from other larvae of the genus by the length/width proportion of structures such as prementum, ligula, and abdominal segment 10, as well as length of cercus relative to epiproct.
Synthesis of Polycationic Aza-Belted Heterocyclic Iodomethane Salts
Authors: Wang Yan-Yan , Wang Tuan-Jie , Chen Juan , Wang Chao-Yang , Zhu Jing
Published: October 2019

Novel belt shapes of a diazabicyclo[n,n,5.5]alkane center combined with double iodomethane salts were prepared in two steps by a reaction of phenylethylamine or 3,4-dimethoxyphenylethylamine with ortho-bis(chloromethyl)benzenes. The syntheses and characteristics of these
polycationic systems containing aza-belt rings are described. Judicious choice of the reaction conditions allowed these polycationic heterocycles to be generated in good yields, and 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy revealed a change in chemical shifts caused by interactions
between the functional groups.
Development of a Submonthly Temperature Product to Monitor Near-Real-Time Climate Conditions and Assess Long-Term Heat Events in the United States
Authors: Rennie Jared , Bell Jesse E. , Kunkel Kenneth E. , Herring Stephanie , Cullen Heidi , Abadi Azar M.
Published: October 2019

Land surface air temperature products have been essential for monitoring the evolution of the climate system. Before a temperature dataset is included in such analyses, it is important that nonclimatic influences be removed or changed so that the dataset is considered to be homogenous. These inhomogeneities include changes in station location, instrumentation, and observing practices. Many homogenized products exist on the monthly time scale, but few daily and weekly products exist. Recently, a submonthly homogenized dataset has been developed using data and software from NOAA’s National Centers for Environmental Information. Homogeneous daily data are useful for identification and attribution of extreme heat events. Projections of increasing temperatures are expected to result in corresponding increases in the frequency, duration, and intensity of such events. It is also established that heat events can have significant public health impacts, including increases in mortality and morbidity. The method to identify extreme heat events using daily homogeneous temperature data is described and used to develop a climatology of heat event onset, length, and severity. This climatology encompasses nearly 3000 extreme maximum and minimum temperature events across the United States since 1901. A sizeable number of events occurred during the Dust Bowl period of the 1930s; however, trend analysis shows an increase in heat event number and length since 1951. Overnight extreme minimum temperature events are increasing more than daytime maximum temperatures, and regional analysis shows that events are becoming much more prevalent in the western and southeastern parts of the United States.
A Budget Equation for the Amplitude of Rossby Wave Packets Based on Finite-Amplitude Local Wave Activity
Authors: Ghinassi Paolo , Baumgart Marlene , Teubler Franziska , Riemer Michael , Wirth Volkmar
Published: October 2019

Recently, the authors proposed a novel diagnostic to quantify the amplitude of Rossby wave packets. This diagnostic extends the local finite-amplitude wave activity (LWA) of N. Nakamura and collaborators to the primitive-equations framework and combines it with a zonal filter to remove the phase dependence. In the present work, this diagnostic is used to investigate the dynamics of upper-tropospheric Rossby wave packets, with a particular focus on distinguishing between conservative dynamics and nonconservative processes. For this purpose, a budget equation for filtered LWA is derived and its utility is tested in a hierarchy of models. Idealized simulations with a barotropic and a dry primitive-equation model confirm the ability of the LWA diagnostic to identify nonconservative local sources or sinks of wave activity. In addition, the LWA budget is applied to forecast data for an episode in which the amplitude of an upper-tropospheric Rossby wave packet was poorly represented. The analysis attributes deficiencies in the Rossby wave packet amplitude to the misrepresentation of diabatic processes and illuminates the importance of the upper-level divergent outflow as a source for the error in the wave packet amplitude.
Cross-Shore Deformation of a Surfzone-Released Dye Plume by an Internal Tide on the Inner Shelf
Authors: Grimes Derek J. , Feddersen Falk , Giddings Sarah N. , Pawlak Geno
Published: October 2019

An inner-shelf (IS) dye plume that formed following a 3.84-h early morning surfzone (SZ) dye release off of Imperial Beach, California, is analyzed with in situ and aerial remotely sensed observations. Midmorning, 5 h after release start, the IS plume extended 800 m offshore (or ≈8Lsz, where Lsz is the surfzone width) and was surface intensified. Over the next ≈2 h, the IS plume deformed (narrowed) cross-shore with the offshore front progressing onshore at ≈5 cm s−1, deepened by up to 3 m, and elongated alongshore at ≈4.5 cm s−1 km−1 (at ≈2.5Lsz). Coincident with IS plume deformation and deepening, IS isotherms also deepened, with relatively stable IS plume joint dye and temperature statistics. Offshore tracer transport and subsequent IS plume deformation and deepening likely resulted from two phases of the diurnal internal tide (DIT). During and after deformation, the IS plume did not reenter the warm surfzone, which potentially acted as a thermal barrier. High-frequency internal waves (HF IWs) propagated through the IS plume at ≈9 cm s−1 and dissipated onshore of 4Lsz. Surface HF IW signal was elevated in the plume elongation region, suggesting a linkage between plume elongation and either the DIT or HF IW. This IS plume evolution differs from previous SZ tracer releases, highlighting the effects of release timing relative to the solar cycle or the internal tide.
Configuration of Statistical Postprocessing Techniques for Improved Low-Level Wind Speed Forecasts in West Texas
Authors: Mitchell Meghan J. , Ancell Brian , Lee Jared A. , Smith Nicholas H.
Published: October 2019

The wind energy industry needs accurate forecasts of wind speeds at turbine hub height and in the rotor layer to accurately predict power output from a wind farm. Current numerical weather prediction (NWP) models struggle to accurately predict low-level winds, partially due to systematic errors within the models due to deficiencies in physics parameterization schemes. These types of errors are addressed in this study with two statistical postprocessing techniques—model output statistics (MOS) and the analog ensemble (AnEn)—to understand the value of each technique in improving rotor-layer wind forecasts. This study is unique in that it compares the techniques using a sonic detection and ranging (SODAR) wind speed dataset that spans the entire turbine rotor layer. This study uses reforecasts from the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model and observations in west Texas over periods of up to two years to examine the skill added to forecasts when applying both MOS and the AnEn. Different aspects of the techniques are tested, including model horizontal and vertical resolution, number of predictors, and training set length. Both MOS and the AnEn are applied to several levels representing heights in the turbine rotor layer (40, 60, 80, 100, and 120 m). This study demonstrates the degree of improvement that different configurations of each technique provides to raw WRF forecasts, to help guide their use for low-level wind speed forecasts. It was found that both AnEn and MOS show significant improvement over the raw WRF forecasts, but the two methods do not differ significantly from each other.
Predicting rice blast disease: machine learning versus process-based models
Authors: Nettleton David F. , Katsantonis Dimitrios , Kalaitzidis Argyris , Sarafijanovic-Djukic Natasa , Puigdollers Pau , Confalonieri Roberto
Published: October 2019

Background

In this study, we compared four models for predicting rice blast disease, two operational process-based models (Yoshino and Water Accounting Rice Model (WARM)) and two approaches based on machine learning algorithms (M5Rules and Recurrent Neural Networks (RNN)), the former inducing a rule-based model and the latter building a neural network. In situ telemetry is important to obtain quality in-field data for predictive models and this was a key aspect of the RICE-GUARD project on which this study is based. According to the authors, this is the first time process-based and machine learning modelling approaches for supporting plant disease management are compared.

Results

Results clearly showed that the models succeeded in providing a warning of rice blast onset and presence, thus representing suitable solutions for preventive remedial actions targeting the mitigation of yield losses and the reduction of fungicide use. All methods gave significant “signals” during the “early warning” period, with a similar level of performance. M5Rules and WARM gave the maximum average normalized scores of 0.80 and 0.77, respectively, whereas Yoshino gave the best score for one site (Kalochori 2015). The best average values of r and r2and %MAE (Mean Absolute Error) for the machine learning models were 0.70, 0.50 and 0.75, respectively and for the process-based models the corresponding values were 0.59, 0.40 and 0.82. Thus it has been found that the ML models are competitive with the process-based models. This result has relevant implications for the operational use of the models, since most of the available studies are limited to the analysis of the relationship between the model outputs and the incidence of rice blast. Results also showed that machine learning methods approximated the performances of two process-based models used for years in operational contexts.

Conclusions

Process-based and data-driven models can be used to provide early warnings to anticipate rice blast and detect its presence, thus supporting fungicide applications. Data-driven models derived from machine learning methods are a viable alternative to process-based approaches and – in cases when training datasets are available – offer a potentially greater adaptability to new contexts.
RNA 3D structure prediction guided by independent folding of homologous sequences
Authors: Magnus Marcin , Kappel Kalli , Das Rhiju , Bujnicki Janusz M.
Published: October 2019

Background

The understanding of the importance of RNA has dramatically changed over recent years. As in the case of proteins, the function of an RNA molecule is encoded in its tertiary structure, which in turn is determined by the molecule’s sequence. The prediction of tertiary structures of complex RNAs is still a challenging task.

Results

Using the observation that RNA sequences from the same RNA family fold into conserved structure, we test herein whether parallel modeling of RNA homologs can improve ab initio RNA structure prediction. EvoClustRNA is a multi-step modeling process, in which homologous sequences for the target sequence are selected using the Rfam database. Subsequently, independent folding simulations using Rosetta FARFAR and SimRNA are carried out. The model of the target sequence is selected based on the most common structural arrangement of the common helical fragments. As a test, on two blind RNA-Puzzles challenges, EvoClustRNA predictions ranked as the first of all submissions for the L-glutamine riboswitch and as the second for the ZMP riboswitch. Moreover, through a benchmark of known structures, we discovered several cases in which particular homologs were unusually amenable to structure recovery in folding simulations compared to the single original target sequence.

Conclusion

This work, for the first time to our knowledge, demonstrates the importance of the selection of the target sequence from an alignment of an RNA family for the success of RNA 3D structure prediction. These observations prompt investigations into a new direction of research for checking 3D structure “foldability” or “predictability” of related RNA sequences to obtain accurate predictions. To support new research in this area, we provide all relevant scripts in a documented and ready-to-use form. By exploring new ideas and identifying limitations of the current RNA 3D structure prediction methods, this work is bringing us closer to the near-native computational RNA 3D models.
The microbiota structure in the cecum of laying hens contributes to dissimilar H2S production
Authors: Huang Chun-Bo , Xiao Lei , Xing Si-Cheng , Chen Jing-Yuan , Yang Yi-Wen , Zhou Yang , Chen Wei , Liang Juan-Boo , Mi Jian-Dui , Wang Yan , Wu Yin-Bao , Liao Xin-Di
Published: October 2019

Background

Host genotype plays a crucial role in microbial composition of laying hens, which may lead to dissimilar odor gas production. The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship among layer breed, microbial structure and odor production.

Results

Thirty Hy-Line Gray and thirty Lohmann Pink laying hens were used in this study to determine the impact of cecal microbial structure on odor production of laying hens. The hens were managed under the same husbandry and dietary regimes. Results of in vivo experiments showed a lower hydrogen sulfide (H2S) production from Hy-Line hens and a lower concentration of soluble sulfide (S2−) but a higher concentration of butyrate in the cecal content of the Hy-Line hens compared to Lohmann Pink hens (P < 0.05), which was consistent with the in vitro experiments (P < 0.05). However, ammonia (NH3) production was not different between genotypes (P > 0.05). Significant microbial structural differences existed between the two breed groups. The relative abundance of some butyrate producers (including Butyricicoccus, Butyricimonas and Roseburia) and sulfate-reducing bacteria (including Mailhella and Lawsonia) were found to be significantly correlated with odor production and were shown to be different in the 16S rRNA and PCR data between two breed groups. Furthermore, some bacterial metabolism pathways associated with energy extraction and carbohydrate utilization (oxidative phosphorylation, pyruvate metabolism, energy metabolism, two component system and secretion system) were overrepresented in the Hy-Line hens, while several amino acid metabolism-associated pathways (amino acid related enzymes, arginine and proline metabolism, and alanine-aspartate and glutamate metabolism) were more prevalent in the Lohmann hens.

Conclusion

The results of this study suggest that genotype of laying hens influence cecal microbiota, which in turn modulates their odor production. Our study provides references for breeding and enteric manipulation for defined microbiota to reduce odor gas emission.
A qualitative transcriptional signature for predicting microsatellite instability status of right-sided Colon Cancer
Authors: Fu Yelin , Qi Lishuang , Guo Wenbing , Jin Liangliang , Song Kai , You Tianyi , Zhang Shuobo , Gu Yunyan , Zhao Wenyuan , Guo Zheng
Published: October 2019

Background

Microsatellite instability (MSI) accounts for about 15% of colorectal cancer and is associated with prognosis. Today, MSI is usually detected by polymerase chain reaction amplification of specific microsatellite markers. However, the instability is identified by comparing the length of microsatellite repeats in tumor and normal samples. In this work, we developed a qualitative transcriptional signature to individually predict MSI status for right-sided colon cancer (RCC) based on tumor samples.

Results

Using RCC samples, based on the relative expression orderings (REOs) of gene pairs, we extracted a signature consisting of 10 gene pairs (10-GPS) to predict MSI status for RCC through a feature selection process. A sample is predicted as MSI when the gene expression orderings of at least 7 gene pairs vote for MSI; otherwise the microsatellite stability (MSS). The classification performance reached the largest F-score in the training dataset. This signature was verified in four independent datasets of RCCs with the F-scores of 1, 0.9630, 0.9412 and 0.8798, respectively. Additionally, the hierarchical clustering analyses and molecular features also supported the correctness of the reclassifications of the MSI status by 10-GPS.

Conclusions

The qualitative transcriptional signature can be used to classify MSI status of RCC samples at the individualized level.
Texture modified diet in German nursing homes: availability, best practices and association with nursing home characteristics
Authors: Burger Carina , Kiesswetter Eva , Alber Rowena , Pfannes Ulrike , Arens-Azevedo Ulrike , Volkert Dorothee
Published: October 2019

Background

For nursing home (NH) residents with swallowing or chewing problems, appealing texture-modified-diets (TMD) need to be available in order to support adequate nutrition. The aim of this study was to describe the availability of TMD and best practices for TMD in German NHs and to identify related NH characteristics.

Methods

Information on NH characteristics, available texture-modified (TM)-levels (soft, “minced & moist”, pureed) and implemented best practices for TMD (derived from menu plan, separately visible components, re-shaped components, considering individual capabilities of the resident) was collected in a survey in German NHs. The number of TM-levels as well as the number of best practices for TMD were tested for their association with 4 structural, 16 operational and 3 resident-related NH characteristics.

Results

The response rate was 7.2% (n = 590) and 563 NHs were included. The vast majority of NHs (95.2%) reported offering “minced & moist” texture and 84.2% preparing separately visible meal components. Several operational characteristics were more frequently (p < 0.05) reported from NHs offering three TM-levels (27.7%) or four best practices for TMD (13.0%) compared to NHs offering one TM-level (28.4%) or one best practice for TMD (20.1%): special diets and delivery forms (e.g. fingerfood 71.2% vs 38.8%; 80.8% vs. 44.3%), written recipes (69.9% vs. 53.1%; 68.5% vs. 53.9%), a dietetic counseling service (85.9% vs. 66.3%; 89.0% vs. 65.2%), a quality circle for nutritional care (66.7% vs. 43.8%; 71.2% vs. 50.4%), regular staff training (89.7% vs. 73.1%; 95.9% vs. 74.8%) and process instructions (73.7% vs. 53.1%; 75.3% vs. 47.8%). No associations were found regarding structural and resident-related NH characteristics, except a higher percentage of residents receiving TMD in NHs with three compared to one TM-level (median 16.3% vs. 13.2%, p = 0.037).

Conclusion

All participating NHs offer some form of TMD, but only a small number offers a selection of TMD and pays adequate attention to its preparation. Operational NH characteristics – which might reflect a general nutritional awareness of the NH – seem to be pivotal for provision of TMD, whereas neither structural nor resident-related characteristics seem to play a role in this regard.
“What would you like to achieve?” Goal-Setting in Patients with Dementia in Geriatric Rehabilitation
Authors: Dutzi Ilona , Schwenk Michael , Kirchner Marietta , Bauer Jürgen M. , Hauer Klaus
Published: October 2019

Background

Setting meaningful, individualized rehabilitation goals is an essential part of the rehabilitation process. Even though patients with dementia are a drastically increasing patient group in geriatric rehabilitation, empirical data about meaningful rehabilitation goals and collaborative goal-setting in this target group is missing. Cognitive impairment and lack of insight in current deficits have been discussed as barriers for participation in goal-setting, but require empirical examination.

This study investigated the feasibility of a semi-structured versus a structured goal-setting approach and the types of goals, rehabilitation patients with mild to moderate dementia perceive as personally relevant. Insights in acute functional and motor deficits, differentiated by cognitive status were explored.

Methods

Cohort study in a geriatric rehabilitation center. Semi-structured and ICF-based, structured interviews were applied to explore patients` rehabilitation goals. Patients` insight in deficits was operationalized as the relationship of self-ratings and objective measures of linked clinical assessments for the same functional construct.

Results

Patients (n = 101, MMSE 22 ± 2.6, age 83.9 ± 5.9 years) stated the improvement of mobility-related functions and self-care activities (> 70%) but also psychological well-being such as handling stress or mood (> 38%) as most important rehabilitation goals. The structured interview facilitated goal-setting and provided a broader view of rehabilitation needs. Correlations between self-ratings and clinical assessments were medium to high (rho = 0.29 to 0.83) with highest associations for key motor features. Trend tests identified a significant trend between values of the clinical assessment and categories of self-ratings (p ≤ 0.01) with lower cognitive status derogating this relationship.

Conclusions

Collaborative goal-setting was feasible, especially when supported by a structured approach and yielded a large spectrum of functional but also psychological rehabilitation needs from the patients` perspective. Patients showed sustained insight in their actual functional impairments, limited in a subgroup of patients with more advanced cognitive impairment.
Pneumonia due to Pandoraea Apista after evacuation of traumatic intracranial hematomas:a case report and literature review
Authors: Lin Chuanzhong , Luo Ning , Xu Qiang , Zhang Jianjun , Cai Mengting , Zheng Guanhao , Yang Ping
Published: October 2019

Background

Pandoraea species is a newly described genus, which is multidrug resistant and difficult to identify. Clinical isolates are mostly cultured from cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. CF is a rare disease in China, which makes Pandoraea a total stranger to Chinese physicians. Pandoraea genus is reported as an emerging pathogen in CF patients in most cases. However, there are few pieces of evidence that confirm Pandoraea can be more virulent in non-CF patients. The pathogenicity of Pandoraea genus is poorly understood, as well as its treatment. The incidence of Pandoraea induced infection in non-CF patients may be underestimated and it’s important to identify and understand these organisms.

Case presentation

We report a 44-years-old man who suffered from pneumonia and died eventually. Before his condition deteriorated, a Gram-negative bacilli was cultured from his sputum and identified as Pandoraea Apista by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization–time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS).

Conclusion

Pandoraea spp. is an emerging opportunistic pathogen. The incidences of Pandoraea related infection in non-CF patients may be underestimated due to the difficulty of identification. All strains of Pandoraea show multi-drug resistance and highly variable susceptibility. To better treatment, species-level identification and antibiotic susceptibility test are necessary.
Outbreak of macrolide-resistant mycoplasma pneumoniae in a primary school in Beijing, China in 2018
Authors: Zhang Wen-Zeng , Zhang Song-Jian , Wang Quan-Yi , Li Yin-Dong , Jing Hong-Bo , Hu Guang-Yi , Wu Dan
Published: October 2019

Background

On 7th June, 2018, a primary school in Beijing, China notified Shunyi CDC of an outbreak of acute respiratory disease characterized by fever and cough among students and resulting in nine hospitalization cases during the preceding 2 weeks. We started an investigation to identify the etiologic agent, find additional cases, develop and implement control measures.

Methods

We defined probable cases as students, teachers and other staffs in the school developed fever (T ≥ 37.5 °C) with cough or sore throat; or a diagnosis of pneumonia during May 1–June 31, 2018. Confirmed cases were probable cases with Mycoplasma pneumoniae detected in oropharyngeal (OP) swabs by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). We searched case by reviewing school absenteeism records and interviewing students, teachers and staff in this school. Oropharyngeal swabs were collected from symptomatic students. Two qPCR) assay, a duplex qPCR assay, and sequencing were performed to determine the pathogen, genotype and macrolide resistance at the gene level, respectively.

Results

From May 1st to June 31st, 2018, we identified 55 cases (36 probable and 19 confirmed), of whom 25 (45%) were hospitalized for complications. All cases were students, none of the teachers and other staffs in the school were with similar symptoms. The attack rate (AR) was 3.9% (55/1398) for all students. The cases were mainly male (58%), with an age range of 7–8 years (median: 7 years). 72% (18/25) of inpatients had radiograph findings consistent with pneumonia, and some cases were hospitalized for up to 4 weeks. Pathogen detection results indicated that Mycoplasma pneumonia (M. pneumoniae) P1 type 1 was the causative agent in this outbreak, and the strain harbored one point mutation of A to G at position 2063.

Conclusions

The infections by macrolide-resistant M. pneumoniae are not always mild and pneumonia was common and M. pneumoniae could causes serious complications which require long-term hospitalization. In the future infectious disease prevention and control practice, M. pneumoniae should be paid more attention. It is necessary to establish and improve the pathogen and drug resistance surveillance system in order to prevent and control such mutated strains of M. pneumoniae from causing future outbreaks or epidemics in China.