bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The effects of board mechanisms and ownership on the relationship between CEO duality and earnings management in China’s listed companies
Authors: Lin Philip T.
Published: February 2017

The question of whether CEO duality contributes to or constrains earnings management has been debated for decades. Yet there is conflicting evidence in previous literature, this paper firstly finds that CEO duality are positively related to earnings management in China’s unique environment. Secondly our empirical evidence suggests that internal and external board mechanisms can moderate CEO duality’s effects on earnings management. Board mechanisms, i.e. board independence level and audit committee can moderate the positive relationship between CEO duality and earnings management. Furthermore, the factor analysis shows that certain combination of board mechanisms can also mitigates the effects of CEO power on earnings management.
Employee perceptions of knowledge management in two service units: A case study of management services and organisational development (OD) and skills development units
Authors: Ngcamu Bethuel Sibongiseni
Published: February 2017

The main objective of knowledge management in organizations is its “use” or “benefit”. A comprehensive review of the literature has revealed a rapidly increasing and eclectic body of knowledge relating to knowledge management by both practitioners and academics. Knowledge management initiatives adopted within eThekwini Municipality are technologically oriented and lack deeper analyses of knowledge. The purpose of this study is to gain knowledge on or insight into employee perceptions about the factors that contribute to the strategies for managing knowledge, to gain knowledge on, or insight into, employee perceptions about knowledge management processes to convert tacit into explicit knowledge, to explore employees’ views regarding the implementation of knowledge management strategies and employee’ perceptions about the ways in which knowledge management can contribute to organisational effectiveness and efficiency. Furthermore, this study investigates the interrelations between the four dimensions that impact on knowledge management (current knowledge management strategies, current processes for managing knowledge, implementation of knowledge management strategies and perceptions of the impact of knowledge management effectiveness) respectively. This study seeks to investigate new systematic strategies for knowledge management within eThekwini Municipality and international knowledge management initiatives and strategies in the public sector are to be explored with the aim to promote knowledge transfer. The study was undertaken at Skills Development and Management Services and Organisational Development (MS&OD) Units within eThekwini Municipality. A knowledge management survey used census and questionnaires were administered to 80 employees, of which 66 questionnaires were suitably completed. The survey took place during June to July 2009. Statistical analysis of the questionnaire included descriptive (measures of central tendency and dispersion) and inferential t-test, ANOVA and intercorrelations statistics. The validity and reliability of the questionnaire was established using factor analysis and Cronbach’s Coefficient Alpha, respectively. The hypothesis of the study was tested using inferential statistics to determine whether significant relationships exist among the variables. Interpretation of results indicated that there exists a significant relationship amongst the key variables of the study relating to knowledge management respectively. It is argued that these findings have practical implications for human resource management discipline, local government, private organisations and academics as it proposes and suggests strategies and recommendations that may be implemented to overcome barriers of implementing knowledge management. The limitations of the study as well as directions for further research are also discussed.
Independent directors and corporate performance: Evidence from listed firms in China
Authors: Bhabra Harjeet S. , Li Tiemei
Published: February 2017

In 2001, the Chinese Securities Regulatory Commission (CSRC) issued Regulation No.102 stipulating a minimum number of independent directors on corporate boards. We investigate whether the regulation had its intended effect of protecting minority shareholders and enhancing firm performance. Using a large sample of 2646 firm-year observations from 2001 to 2003, we find that both state-owned and non-state-owned firms improved their board independence significantly from the pre to the post regulation period, and firm performance significantly increased in the post regulation period for both types of firms, with the increase being greater in the case of SOE firms.
The multi theoretical approach to governance: Authenticating the concept and establishing its control framework
Authors: Christopher Joe
Published: February 2017

The purpose of this paper is to authenticate the multi-theoretical approach to governance and establish its control paradigm. Through a theory building approach an analysis of existing concepts and definitions of governance is undertaken to authenticate the multi-theoretical approach to governance. Thereafter, common themes that form the basis for recognizing the governance levels of a multi-theoretical governance paradigm are identified from the analysis to establish a control framework. This paper argues that the proposed broad four level control framework applicable under a multi-theoretical governance paradigm can be practically applied by organizations and will contribute towards narrowing the theoretical practical gap in governance. It contributes to the governance literature and encourages future research to explore the utility of the framework.
Dual role advisors and conflicts of interest
Authors: Siming Linus
Published: February 2017

A dual role advisor is an investment bank that is advising the vendor client in an M&A transaction while simultaneously financing the bidder. I investigate whether dual role advising is good or bad for target shareholders through a comprehensive analysis of U.S. public M&A over the 15-year period from 1993 to 2008. Conflicts of interest are manifested through that deals which involve a dual role advisor are, compared to deals with no dual role advisors; (a) performed at lower premium, (b) more likely to be subject to a lawsuit, (c) feature lower merger advisor fees and (d) commensurate with higher announcement returns for bidders. Target firms with sound corporate governance practices are less likely to encounter dual role situations.
Operational criteria for a successful cross-dock-based supply chain
Authors: Vogt John , Pienaar Wessel
Published: February 2017

There is a need for a common definition for cross-dock-based supply chains; and there is a need to understand the different types of cross-dock based supply chains. This paper offers encompassing definitions of ‘cross-dock-based supply chain’ and ‘cross-dock facility’. The definitions are applicable to all types of cross-dock-based supply chains and cross-dock facilities. Comprehensive research on cross-docking in the context of the entire supply chain is lacking. The paper shows that cross-dock-based supply chains are of three different types, defined by three principal features. Empiric research was conducted in order to ascertain the operational criteria needed to maximize value from all three types of cross-docking operations.
Quality of board of directors and capital structure decisions in Malaysian companies
Authors: Ishak Zuaini , Manaf Nor Aziah Abdul , Md Kassim Aza Azlina
Published: February 2017

This study examines the relationship between board structure and board process on capital structure decisions of Malaysian public listed companies. The study combines a survey approach and secondary data from the year 2007 to 2009. Based on a sample of 175 companies, the findings reveal that directors’ risk appetite is positively correlated to company leverage while directors’ tenure has negative relationship with leverage. With regards to board process, four variables are identified to be negatively correlated to capital structure which is boards’ risk oversight, performance of independent directors, CEO’s performance evaluation and accessibility of information.
Protecting minority shareholders in Malaysian public listed companies against conflicts of interest by related parties: Some important developments
Authors: Rachagan Shanthy
Published: February 2017

The global financial crisis has highlighted instances of conflicts of interest and corporate abuse by company controllers. This has been the case in Malaysia and elsewhere, where weaknesses in the legal framework have enabled corporate misconduct to occur. This paper critically examines the legal framework protecting minority shareholders of Malaysian Public Listed Companies (PLCs) against controlling shareholders (also referred to as substantial shareholders) and directors being engaged in related party transactions (RPTs) and other conflict of interest situations. It considers gaps in the law which have enabled related parties to engage in improper transactions with their companies and outlines recent developments aimed at strengthening the rules protecting shareholders against improper RTPs. The paper considers the significance and likely effectiveness of recent reforms.
Reform of minority shareholder rights: An international perspective
Authors: Tareq Mohammad , Bellamy Sheila , Morley Clive
Published: February 2017

This research investigates recent international reforms of minority shareholder rights (MSRs), and the relationship between those reforms and national legal systems. No previous studies have investigated such changes and their underlying causes; nor have they viewed the phenomena concerned through a dynamic lens. The study uses secondary data from 142 countries over a five-year period (2006-2010). Using growth curve modelling and the panel data method, the study finds that legal systems and law enforcement affect reforms positively. On average, countries’ MSRs are improving, but this is not consistent across nations. The findings contribute to the current debate on the relationship of law to minority shareholder protection and will assist policy-makers in the area of investor protection reforms. Future research directions are suggested at the end of the paper.
Managerial share ownership and discretionary accruals in Australia: Do independent and executive directors have different incentives?
Authors: Khan Arifur , Mather Paul
Published: February 2017

We examine the relation between managerial share ownership (MSO) and discretionary accruals in Australia. We find a positive relation between MSO and discretionary accruals up to a certain level of MSO followed by a negative relation (inverse U-shaped). We suggest that these unique results are a result of certain Australian institutional features that are markedly different to those in the US and the UK and imply that the ownership-discretionary accruals relation is context specific with the wider corporate governance systems influencing the theorised incentive effects. We also posit that executive directors and independent directors have different ownership-discretionary accruals incentives and report results consistent with this proposition.
Rethinking corporate governance in Nigeria
Authors: Ujunwa Augustine
Published: February 2017

Corporate governance is generally seen as a critical determinant of corporation’s growth and development, most especially for low income countries. Corporate governance laws have evolved in developed economies often in response to corporate failures or systemic crises. The recent focus on corporate governance has accentuated due to corporate failure in different parts of the world. Most countries developed corporate governance codes that address their institutional specifics. However, corporate laws in Nigeria draw extensive inspiration from British laws maybe, because of the colonial legacy. This study documents extensive evidence to show that existing laws in the country are grossly inadequate to promote good corporate governance. The author advocates for total overhaul of company laws in Nigeria. Such policy prescription must recognize the peculiar challenges of the Nigerian corporate environment, and also establish proactive mechanism for enforcement and compliance.
IMPORTANCE OF RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MOVEMENT RHYTHM AND RESPIRATION IN PHYSICAL EDUCATION AND IN TOP-LEVEL SPORT
Authors: Starosta Włodzimierz
Published: February 2017

The existence of a human body is conditioned by: food, sleep, respiration. Without air man can live approximately 4 minutes. A longer break in access of oxygen to the brain results in irreversible changes of its functioning. Majority of adults
cannot breathe economically and rhythmically. If respiration has such importance for the normal life of a man it should
constitute a significant part of educational system. Only in few national cultures, including Asia (e.g. in Japan and
China) the ability to breathe was made into an art. There, this art is subject to special care throughout many years of life of a person and is an essential component of mental hygiene. Respiration has particular importance while practicing physical exercise. The correct combination of respiration rhythm and movement is a prerequisite to remain healthy and to keep the ability to work, as well as to achieve high results in sport. Scarce information about this important issue could be found in some handbooks concerning health maintenance, but they were not found in the theory of: movement teaching, recreation, anthropokinesiology. It was a little number of papers publish about this very important problem [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16]. The issue of rational respiration was the subject of particular interest of scientists several years ago, but recently it has become only marginal. Consequently, the aim of this paper was to: 1. Study the literature connected with respiration and movement rhythm. 2. To define which phase of respiration: expiration or inspiration is more important in different sport exercises. 3. Elaboration a classification of kind respiration phase and different sports. 4. Methods for creating the art of rational respiration. 5. Relation of rational respiration rhythm to endurance.
IMPACT OF THE “DANUBE CYCLING ROUTE” ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF CYCLING TOURISM IN SERBIA
Authors: Vujko Aleksandra , Plavša Jovan , Ostojić Natalija
Published: February 2017

Introduction. Based on the hypothesis H that the Danube Cycling Route is the basis for the development of cycling tourism in Serbia, the research goal was to adequately demonstrate the impact that the route may have on the development of cycling tourism, using LoNGPESTEL analysis. Material and methods. The research data were collected by direct investigation, applying the survey method. The sample included 264 DBR cyclists of both genders from nine countries. Results. The research resulted in the following conclusions: that Fruška Gora Mountain (FGM) has great potential for the development of cycling tourism, and the "Danube Cycling Route" can be its backbone. Conclusions. In relation to the “Danube Cycling Route” the research has shown that one of the main advantages of FGM are: ground mobility, availability and easy access from many points on the mountain. Also, due to favourable conditions, many natural and cultural values and numerous training activities can complement the stay there.
His Word Was His Bond: The Role of the Oath in Thomas More’s Trial
Authors: Panza Barbara J.
Published: February 2017

More refused to take the oath in support of the Act of Succession because the oath included a repudiation of papal supremacy. While the purpose of that oath and More’s refusal to take it were central to his trial, that oath was not the only oath that determined his fate. The oaths taken by the lawyers, witnesses, jurors, judges, and the King’s coronation oath were all involved in More’s trial. Were these oaths kept? More believed his oath was an affirmation of his faith and a means of establishing objective facts, while the other participants in his trial used their oaths to express their solidarity with Henry VIII and to ensure the Crown’s cause prevailed by obtaining More’s conviction. After a review of the objective role of the oath and the specific oaths implicated in More’s trial, the manner in which these oaths were employed, and the manner and degree to which those oaths were observed are examined.
Some Notes about Mary Roper Clar(c)ke Bassett and her Translation of Eusebius
Authors: Olivares-Merino Eugenio M.
Published: February 2017

Mary Clar(c)ke Bassett (née Roper) was Thomas More granddaughter. From her mother Margaret, she inherited a taste for writing: Mary’s translation of his grandfather’s History of the Passion, included by William Rastell in More’s English works (1557), was the only text by a woman to appear in print during the reign of Mary Tudor. However, this paper will not deal with the aforementioned work, but rather with a less well known text that has also come down to us: a translation of Eusebius’ Historia Ecclesiastica, attributed to “Maria Clarcke” (Harleian MS. 1860) and preserved in the British Museum.
Thomas More and Charles V Part III / III Such a worthy councellour
Authors: Merino Eugenio M. Olivares
Published: February 2017

More’s retirement at Chelsea after his resignation lasted less than two years, a time which he devoted to write his books of controversy (especially during 1533), while trying to keep himself away from public life. The life of the ex-Chancellor contrasts with the Emperor’s frantic activity in Italy, Spain and Northern Africa. As the situation of Catherine of Aragón worsened, the possibility of war between England and Charles V became more and more real. And yet, a careful revision of available data proves that the Emperor never considered this course of action seriously: his real concerns were the Turks, the strengthening of his alliance with the Pope to face Lutheranism, and the ever hostile Francis I. As an epilogue to this research, I will bring into consideration the Emperor’s words of praise about the English Chancellor, as reported presumably by Sir Thomas Elyot.
An Exploratory Study to Determine Whether BRCA1 and BRCA2 Mutation Carriers Have Higher Risk of Cardiac Toxicity
Authors: Sajjad Monique , Fradley Michael , Sun Weihong , Kim Jongphil , Zhao Xiuhua , Pal Tuya , Ismail-Khan Roohi
Published: February 2017

Anthracycline-based cardiotoxicity is concerning for women with breast cancer and portends a dose-dependent risk of developing left ventricular dysfunction. Overall, the prevalence of heart failure (HF) is ≈2% of the total US population; however, BRCA-deficient mice have shown increased HF. We evaluated for the inherent risk of HF in women with BRCA mutations to determine whether treatment with anthracycline-based therapy increased this risk. We obtained results on BRCA mutation carriers regarding cancer treatment and HF, identified through the BRCA patient advocacy organization Facing Our Risk for Cancer Empowered (FORCE) and the Moffittbased Inherited Cancer Registry. In our patient group (232 BRCA1 and 159 BRCA2 patients; 10 with both mutations), 7.7% reported HF, with similar proportions in BRCA1 versus BRCA2 carriers (7.4% and 8.2%, respectively). These proportions are significantly higher than published rates (p < 0.001). There was no statistically significant difference in HF rates comparing anthracycline-treated versus anthracycline-naïve patients however (7.1% vs. 8.3%; p = 0.67). In addition, 9.1% of BRCA1 carriers and 8.2% of BRCA2 carriers reported arrhythmias. BRCA mutation carriers showed increased risk of cardiotoxicity versus the general population and an overall increased risk of cardiotoxicity from anthracycline-based therapy. Our study supports data that BRCA carriers have increased noncancer mortality from cardiotoxicity. A prospective trial to determine HF and conduction abnormalities in this population is warranted.
New ALMA and Fermi/LAT Observations of the Large-scale Jet of PKS 0637−752 Strengthen the Case Against the IC/CMB Model
Authors: Meyer Eileen T. , Breiding Peter , Georganopoulos Markos , Oteo Iván , Zwaan Martin A. , Laing Robert , Godfrey Leith , Ivison R. J.
Published: February 2017

The Chandra X-ray observatory has discovered several dozen anomalously X-ray-bright jets associated with powerful quasars. A popular explanation for the X-ray flux from the knots in these jets is that relativistic synchrotron-emitting electrons inverse-Compton scatter cosmic microwave background (CMB) photons to X-ray energies (the IC/CMB model). This model predicts a high gamma-ray flux that should be detectable by the Fermi/Large Area Telescope (LAT) for many sources. GeV-band upper limits from Fermi/LAT for the well-known anomalous X-ray jet in PKS 0637−752 were previously shown in Meyer et al. to violate the predictions of the IC/CMB model. Previously, measurements of the jet synchrotron spectrum, important for accurately predicting the gamma-ray flux level, were lacking between radio and infrared wavelengths. Here, we present new Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) observations of the large-scale jet at 100, 233, and 319 GHz, which further constrain the synchrotron spectrum, supporting the previously published empirical model. We also present updated limits from the Fermi/LAT using the new “Pass 8” calibration and approximately 30% more time on source. With these deeper limits, we rule out the IC/CMB model at the 8.7σ level. Finally, we demonstrate that complete knowledge of the synchrotron SED is critical in evaluating the IC/CMB model.
Feedback Limits to Maximum Seed Masses of Black Holes
Authors: Pacucci Fabio , Natarajan Priyamvada , Ferrara Andrea
Published: February 2017

The most massive black holes observed in the universe weigh up to ∼1010
M
⊙, nearly independent of redshift. Reaching these final masses likely required copious accretion and several major mergers. Employing a dynamical approach that rests on the role played by a new, relevant physical scale—the transition radius—we provide a theoretical calculation of the maximum mass achievable by a black hole seed that forms in an isolated halo, one that scarcely merged. Incorporating effects at the transition radius and their impact on the evolution of accretion in isolated halos, we are able to obtain new limits for permitted growth. We find that large black hole seeds (M
• ≳ 104
M
⊙) hosted in small isolated halos (M

h
 ≲ 109
M
⊙) accreting with relatively small radiative efficiencies (ϵ ≲ 0.1) grow optimally in these circumstances. Moreover, we show that the standard M
•–σ relation observed at z ∼ 0 cannot be established in isolated halos at high-z, but requires the occurrence of mergers. Since the average limiting mass of black holes formed at z ≳ 10 is in the range 104–6
M
⊙, we expect to observe them in local galaxies as intermediate-mass black holes, when hosted in the rare halos that experienced only minor or no merging events. Such ancient black holes, formed in isolation with subsequent scant growth, could survive, almost unchanged, until present.
Solar Ellerman Bombs in 1D Radiative Hydrodynamics
Authors: Reid A. , Mathioudakis M. , Kowalski A. , Doyle J. G. , Allred J. C.
Published: February 2017

Recent observations from the Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph appear to show impulsive brightenings in high temperature lines, which when combined with simultaneous ground-based observations in Hα, appear co-spatial to Ellerman Bombs (EBs). We use the RADYN one-dimensional radiative transfer code in an attempt to try and reproduce the observed line profiles and simulate the atmospheric conditions of these events. Combined with the MULTI/RH line synthesis codes, we compute the Hα, Ca ii 8542 Å, and Mg ii h and k lines for these simulated events and compare them to previous observations. Our findings hint that the presence of superheated regions in the photosphere (>10,000 K) is not a plausible explanation for the production of EB signatures. While we are able to recreate EB-like line profiles in Hα, Ca ii 8542 Å, and Mg ii h and k, we cannot achieve agreement with all of these simultaneously.
Loss of CMAH during Human Evolution Primed the Monocyte–Macrophage Lineage toward a More Inflammatory and Phagocytic State
Authors: Okerblom Jonathan J. , Schwarz Flavio , Olson Josh , Fletes William , Ali Syed Raza , Martin Paul T. , Glass Christopher K. , Nizet Victor , Varki Ajit
Published: February 2017

Humans and chimpanzees are more sensitive to endotoxin than are mice or monkeys, but any underlying differences in inflammatory physiology have not been fully described or understood. We studied innate immune responses in Cmah−/− mice, emulating human loss of the gene encoding production of Neu5Gc, a major cell surface sialic acid. CMP–N-acetylneuraminic acid hydroxylase (CMAH) loss occurred ∼2–3 million years ago, after the common ancestor of humans and chimpanzees, perhaps contributing to speciation of the genus Homo. Cmah−/− mice manifested a decreased survival in endotoxemia following bacterial LPS injection. Macrophages from Cmah−/− mice secreted more inflammatory cytokines with LPS stimulation and showed more phagocytic activity. Macrophages and whole blood from Cmah−/− mice also killed bacteria more effectively. Metabolic reintroduction of Neu5Gc into Cmah−/− macrophages suppressed these differences. Cmah−/− mice also showed enhanced bacterial clearance during sublethal lung infection. Although monocytes and monocyte-derived macrophages from humans and chimpanzees exhibited marginal differences in LPS responses, human monocyte-derived macrophages killed Escherichia coli and ingested E. coli BioParticles better. Metabolic reintroduction of Neu5Gc into human macrophages suppressed these differences. Although multiple mechanisms are likely involved, one cause is altered expression of C/EBPβ, a transcription factor affecting macrophage function. Loss of Neu5Gc in Homo likely had complex effects on immunity, providing greater capabilities to clear sublethal bacterial challenges, possibly at the cost of endotoxic shock risk. This trade-off may have provided a selective advantage when Homo transitioned to butchery using stone tools. The findings may also explain why the Cmah−/− state alters severity in mouse models of human disease.
Modelado y análisis de datos procedentes de sistemas de imagen para diagnóstico médico mediante Mathematica
Authors: Ortigosa Nuria , Cerdá Boluda Joaquín
Published: February 2017

Los sistemas de imagen para diagnóstico médico son una de las tecnologías que han despertado gran interés en los últimos años. Precisamente por presentar un marcado carácter multidisciplinar, aunando matemáticas, física e ingeniería biomédica y electrónica, este área suscita un gran interés en el alumnado de secundaria y bachillerato. En este trabajo se presenta el contenido de una de las sesiones desarrolladas en la Universitat Politècnica de València, enmarcada dentro de los Campus Científicos de Verano CAMPUS-VLC, bajo el título "Tecnología y física médicas''. En ella, a partir de la base y el conocimiento previo del funcionamiento del Tomógrafo por Emisión de Positrones, los alumnos aprenden a procesar la información registrada por estos equipos utilizando el popular software Wolfram Mathematica. Gracias a él, por ejemplo, serán capaces de ubicar el punto de emisión de radioactividad mediante la utilización de histogramas. Además, también se les presentan los algoritmos para la manipulación y procesado de este tipo de imágenes, como la detección de bordes.
Despertando la curiosidad por las ciencias y la tecnología
Authors: García-Rubio E. , Rius A.
Published: February 2017

Dado que la demanda de profesionales en el sector de las ciencias, tecnología, ingeniería y matemáticas aumenta, en este artículo expondremos la participación de los alumnos en concursos como una forma de hacer que se sientan más atraídos por la Ciencia y la Tecnología. Simultáneamente se cumple con el desarrollo de las competencias clave que por ley se deben desarrollar en la Educación Secundaria.
La opinión de los estudiantes sobre metodologías docentes
Authors: Carbó S. , Meseguer S. , Juan P.
Published: February 2017

Se realiza una investigación sobre ciertas metodologías descritas por Finkel en su libro «Como dar clase con la boca cerrada». Esta investigación consiste en una valoración que realizan los alumnos del I.E.S. Bovalar de Castellón mediante una encuesta. La investigación pretende ver si hay relación entre aquellas metodologías que a los alumnos les parecen más participativas, y las que les gustaría que sus profesores utilizaran, es decir, si los alumnos prefieren usar metodologías didácticas en que ellos se impliquen más, y donde ellos son el centro del proceso de Enseñanza-Aprendizaje. Después de un análisis estadístico mediante el programa SPSS, podemos concluir que si que existe una relación directa entre las metodologías más participativas desde el punto de vista de los alumnos, y las que les gustaría que sus profesores pusieran en práctica. Finalmente, realizamos una valoración de la importancia de ampliar el uso de este tipo de estrategias para conseguir que el aprendizaje sea significativo y que los alumnos mejoren en la adquisición de las competencias básicas.
Cephalometric Soft Tissue Standard and Gender Dimorphism in Nasal Prominence estimated By Holdaway's Analysis in Patients visiting College of Dentistry, Aljouf University
Authors: Kundi Ibadullah
Published: February 2017

Introduction

The objectives were to see the nasal prominence norm and the gender dimorphism in nasal prominence measured by Holdaway's soft tissue analysis.

Materials and methods

The sample size was 100 (50 males and 50 females). The subjects included in the study were of Saudi origin with class I skeletal and dental relationship and all teeth present. The age group of the patients was between 18 and 28 years. The radiographs were traced and analyzed by two students and cross-checked by an orthodontist. The nasal prominence was measured according to the technique described by Holdaway.

Results

The descriptive statistics were calculated for both male and female groups. The mean value of nasal prominence when male and female samples were combined was 14.08 mm. No statistically significant difference was found (p = 0.083) when genders were compared. The level of significance was set at p < 0.05.

Conclusion

No statistically significant difference was found when genders were compared. The value for males was normal while the value for females was less than Holdaway's normal.

Clinical significance

These values would aid in treatment planning for orthognathic surgery and orthodontic treatment.

How to cite this article

Kundi I. Cephalometric Soft Tissue Standard and Gender Dimorphism in Nasal Prominence estimated by Holdaway's Analysis in Patients visiting College of Dentistry, Aljouf University. J Contemp Dent Pract 2017; 18(2):152-155.
Assessment of Knowledge and Practice of Mothers of Children under Five regarding Zinc Therapy in Childhood Diarrhea
Authors: Dhar Dipak Kumar , Majumder Nilratan , Paul Debasish
Published: February 2017

Aim

Zinc is now considered as an important treatment intervention along with low-osmolarity oral rehydration salts in diarrhea. But awareness about the use of zinc remains low. The present study was conducted with an objective of assessing knowledge and practice of mothers of under-5 children about zinc supplementation in diarrhea.

Materials and methods

A hospital-based cross-sectional study was carried out in the Paediatric Outpatient Department Agartala Government Medical College and GB Pant Hospital, Agartala, Tripura, India, with a sample size of 700 mothers of under-5 children over 2 months. Convenience sampling technique was employed and the data were collected in a structured, interview schedule. Descriptive statistics and tests like chi-square test were used for analysis.

Results

Only 1.9% of all the respondents (13 out of 700) had heard about zinc therapy in diarrhea. Out of them, 11 mothers had actually used zinc in practice and 7 could tell the duration of therapy. None of them were aware of what benefit is conferred by zinc in an episode of diarrhea. An association between knowledge levels and educational status and occupation of mothers was found to be statistically significant.

Conclusion

The study reaffirmed the abysmally low level of awareness about zinc supplementation among mothers. Therefore, health education can be used as a tool to promote knowledge and practice of zinc supplementation in diarrhea to reduce mortality and morbidity.

How to cite this article

Dhar DK, Majumder N, Paul D. Assessment of Knowledge and Practice of Mothers of Children under Five regarding Zinc Therapy in Childhood Diarrhea. Int J Adv Integ Med Sci 2016;1(4):169-172.
Brugada Syndrome: Killer Genetic Heart Disorder
Authors: Agarwal Nitin , Chaudhary Payodh , Kulshrestha Malini , Chaudhary RR
Published: February 2017

Brugada syndrome is a rare inherited arrhythmic disorder, which predisposes to ventricular arrhythmia that is responsible for sudden and unexpected nocturnal death syndrome.

How to cite this article

Chaudhary P, Agarwal N, Kulshrestha M, Chaudhary RR. Brugada Syndrome: Killer Genetic Heart Disorder. Int J Adv Integ Med Sci 2016; 1(4):186-187.
Consulting completed: temporal aspects of expertise in urban development during times of fast policies
Authors: Vogelpohl Anne
Published: February 2017

Abstract. Consultants, especially management consultants with their expertise in markets and entrepreneurial thinking, have gained a new role in urban policy. Urban politicians, facing ever-increasing international competition as well as diverse urban crises, search for immediate solutions, at times drawing on professional advice. This paper introduces the role of management consultants in urban policy in the context of fast policies. These new policies are often both developed over short periods of time and built upon predesigned concepts. Taking six German cities as examples, I frame the impact both of the duration of consultancy projects and of the moment when the consultants leave as temporal aspects of expertise that significantly influence how the external knowledge eventually shapes local political practices. I show that short-term consulting first causes a stimulus for change but then primarily results in an ambivalent amalgamation of professionalization and selectivity as permanently fast modes of everyday policymaking.
Review article: Hydrological modeling in glacierized catchments of central Asia – status and challenges
Authors: Chen Yaning , Li Weihong , Fang Gonghuan , Li Zhi
Published: February 2017

Abstract. Meltwater from glacierized catchments is one of the most important water supplies in central Asia. Therefore, the effects of climate change on glaciers and snow cover will have increasingly significant consequences for runoff. Hydrological modeling has become an indispensable research approach to water resources management in large glacierized river basins, but there is a lack of focus in the modeling of glacial discharge. This paper reviews the status of hydrological modeling in glacierized catchments of central Asia, discussing the limitations of the available models and extrapolating these to future challenges and directions. After reviewing recent efforts, we conclude that the main sources of uncertainty in assessing the regional hydrological impacts of climate change are the unreliable and incomplete data sets and the lack of understanding of the hydrological regimes of glacierized catchments of central Asia. Runoff trends indicate a complex response to changes in climate. For future variation of water resources, it is essential to quantify the responses of hydrologic processes to both climate change and shrinking glaciers in glacierized catchments, and scientific focus should be on reducing uncertainties linked to these processes.
ACDC Agency: Food and Politics with Community College Students at Vassar
Authors: Cowan Robert
Published: February 2017

The food at the All-College Dining Commons (ACDC) at Vassar College stinks. Not that is literally smells foul; it just isn’t very good. The high-achieving community college students in the Exploring Transfer Program (ET) eat breakfast and dinner there for the five weeks that they are studying at Vassar. Ironically, the course I co-taught in ET for two summers, with the Chair of Environmental Studies, is entitled Feast or Famine: Food, Society, Environment. This course is a survey of issues concerning food systems, such as industrial farming, the role of agricultural lobbyists in Washington, overfishing, food sovereignty in developing countries, food stamps, food deserts, the USDA, FDA, WTO, IMF, etc. And yet, with all of the knowledge the students are gleaning from authors like Marion Nestle, Michael Pollan, Wendell Berry and myriad others, they have to eat the crappy food at ACDC.            We have had students in this course from Argentina, Bosnia, Bourkina Faso, China, El Salvador, Ghana, Guyana, Haiti, Italy, Mexico, Pakistan, Poland, the Philippines, Sweden, Uzbekistan, and Vietnam. They come from community colleges mostly in the New York area, but also from as far away as Boston, Maine, Los Angeles, and Diné Community College, which is on a Navajo reservation in Northern Arizona. This program—over 30 years old and with over 1,000 alumni—is a sort of academic boot camp for community college students who hope to transfer to an elite liberal arts college, a Research 1 university, or an Ivy League school. It’s a full scholarship program during which they take two courses in five weeks, each team-taught by a community college professor and a Vassar professor.            “AC/DC” seems an apt metaphor for the ET program; not for its pop-metal connotations but because of the fact that it demands that students that are accustomed to operating in one current suddenly adjust to quite another. The question that arises out of the experience of eating ACDC, though—of being low-income, immigrant, first-generation college students, studying at one of the whitest and most expensive schools in the country and yet being forced to eat poor food—is “how do they develop a sense of personal agency,” since that is what the transition through community college and onto a school like Vassar requires.
Adjustment Mechanisms of New Workers in Industrial Organisations: Implications for Nigerian Workers
Authors: Shadare Olusheyi A. , Mbah Samuel Emeka
Published: February 2017

This paper adopted qualitative and theoretical method of analysis to describe adjustment mechanisms of new workers in industrial organisations in Nigeria. The purpose was to take a close theoretical analysis of different types and processes of new workers adjustments. The paper highlighted different typologies and processes of adjustments such as personal adjustment, labour–market adjustment, and adjustment to new structures, policies and new behaviours in work organisations. Empirical literature revealed that new workers adjust to work environment, to new labour policies such as pay and performance management, regular hours of work, work pressure, to new organisational structure as well as of collective bargaining outcome among others. The paper highlights reasons why work adjustments occur in organisations to include: Pay status, affiliation, ego, power, emotion and curiosity and these factors motivate new workers to increase commitment. The paper then concludes that practitioners and managers ultimately should seek to design adjustment strategies that take individual newcomer characteristics into consideration and encourage proactive behaviour such as information seeking that help facilitate the development of role clarity, self – efficacy, social acceptance and knowledge of organisational culture.
"Wir wollen nicht mit Spaltung Auflage machen". Rudolf Thiemann, Vorsitzender des Fachverbandes Konfessionelle Presse und Vizepräsident des Verbandes Deutscher Zeitschriftenverleger, zur Situation der konfessionellen Presse
Authors: Stenert Ute
Published: February 2017

Der Vorsitzende des Fachverbandes Konfessionelle Presse und Vizepräsident des Verbandes der Zeitschriftenverleger beantwortet Fragen zur Renaissance der Religion, den Schwerpunkten der Medienarbeit der Bischofskonferenz, den Aufgaben und der Entwicklung der konfessionellen Presse und der Rolle seines Fachverbandes. Dabei geht es u.a. um die Frage, ob die Printmedien im Internet-Zeitalter eine Zukunft haben und mit welchen Mitteln die jungen Menschen zu erreichen sind.
Katastrophenjournalismus – Journalismuskatastrophen. Über die Unfähigkeit zur Selbstkritik
Authors: Neudeck Rupert
Published: February 2017

Eine bemerkenswerte Eigenschaft des Journalismus habe ich seit meinem Eintritt in diesen Berufs-Orden kennengelemt: Es gibt keine verbisseneren und fanatischeren Kritiker denn Journalisten. Es gibt aber keine Unfähigeren in dieser Berufsgruppe, die weniger zur Selbstkritik in der Lage sind denn Journalisten.
"Nichts bleibt ... und alles ist von Dauer". Zur Entwicklung des religiösen Buchmarkts
Authors: Peters Ulrich
Published: February 2017

"Nichts bleibt ... und alles ist von Dauer" - treffender als mit diesen Worten aus Erich Kästners Gedicht "Der August" kann man die Entwicklungen im (religiösen) Buchmarkt kaum beschreiben.
Nachdenken über Gewalt in den Medien. Ansprache zur Verleihung des Katholischen Medienpreises 2007
Authors: Kardinal Lehmann Karl
Published: February 2017

Eine Preisverleihung ist ein erfreulicher Anlass. Schließlich geht es darum, Arbeiten von Journalisten zu würdigen, die besonders überzeugend deutlich machen, was Medien im positiven Sinn zu leisten vermögen. Mit Geschichten, die Lebenserfahrungen Anderer erschließen und nachvollziehbar werden lassen, eröffnen sie bereichernde Zugänge zur Wirklichkeit Sie erweitern den Horizont und geben den Anstoß, sich mit den eigenen existentiellen Fragen zu beschäftigen.
Osteoid osteoma of the mandible
Authors: Cury Sergio Elias Vieira , Silva Brunno Santos de Freitas , Rocha André Caroli , Lemos-Junior Celso Augusto , Junior Décio dos Santos Pinto
Published: February 2017

We present a rare case of a 39-year-old woman who had a painless mass in the mandibular symphysis. Histological findings showed a benign osteoid osteoma.
Behçet’s Disease
Authors: Anjos Evandro Barbosa dos , Freitas Edimilson Martins de , Martelli Daniella Reis Barbosa , Dias Verônica Oliveira , Machado Renato Assis , Anjos Jamile Pereira Dias dos , Martelli-Júnior Hercílio
Published: February 2017

Behçet’s disease is a chronic multisystem inflammatory disorder of unknown etiology and characterized mainly by recurrent oral ulcers, ocular involvement, genital ulcers, and skin lesions, presenting with remissions and exacerbations. Case report: The case report presents a patient with recurrent oral ulcers history and extracutaneous ulcers to 10 years who was diagnosed as having Behçet’s disease and was successfully treated. Discussion: Although complications involving the gastrointestinal, cardiovascular, renal, pulmonary, urological, artery, and central nervous system can be observed, some patients can remain asymptomatic for a long period after the diagnosis. Conclusion: This report emphasises that systemic diseases, including Behçet’s disease, can have variable presentations and can be frequently misdiagnosed.
Generalized gingival enlargement associated with aggressive periodontitis in a 20-year-old patient
Authors: Custódio Marcos , Silva Paula Verona Ragusa da , Sugaya Norberto Nobuo , Lemos Celso Augusto , Pannuti Claudio Mendes , Braz-Silva Paulo Henrique
Published: February 2017

The association of a pronounced gingival enlargement (GE) and severe aggressive periodontitis (AP) without underlying diseases or syndromes is rarely reported. We aimed to report a rare case of such association in a young female patient and to review the literature regarding the coexistence of these two diseases. A 20-year-old female patient was referred due to an extensive and generalized gingival enlargement along with teeth mobility with one-year length. Medical and family histories were non-contributory. Intraoral examination revealed a diffuse and smooth-surfaced overgrowth, normal in color with fibrous consistence covering nearly all molars crowns of both upper and lower arches. Histopathological examination revealed excessive amounts of collagen fibers and mild inflammation. The clinical and histopathological features did not fit in any known syndrome or disease. Thus, the diagnosis of generalized idiopathic gingival enlargement associated with severe aggressive periodontitis was concluded and the patient was referred to specialized periodontal treatment. The real meaning of the association between GE and AP remains unknown. Further investigation is desirable to understand the coexistence of these two diseases.
Ionospheric‐thermospheric UV tomography: 1. Image space reconstruction algorithms
Authors: Dymond K. F. , Budzien S. A. , Hei M. A.
Published: February 2017

We present and discuss two algorithms of the class known as Image Space Reconstruction Algorithms (ISRAs) that we are applying to the solution of large‐scale ionospheric tomography problems. ISRAs have several desirable features that make them useful for ionospheric tomography. In addition to producing nonnegative solutions, ISRAs are amenable to sparse‐matrix formulations and are fast, stable, and robust. We present the results of our studies of two types of ISRA: the Least Squares Positive Definite and the Richardson‐Lucy algorithms. We compare their performance to the Multiplicative Algebraic Reconstruction and Conjugate Gradient Least Squares algorithms. We then discuss the use of regularization in these algorithms and present our new approach based on regularization to a partial differential equation.
Impact melt of the lunar Crisium multiring basin
Authors: Spudis P. D. , Sliz M. U.
Published: February 2017

New geological mapping of the Crisium basin on the Moon has revealed exposures of the basin impact melt sheet. The melt sheet has a feldspathic highland composition, somewhat more mafic than the melt sheet of the Orientale basin, but less mafic than comparable deposits around the Imbrium basin. These newly recognized deposits would be ideal locations to directly sample Crisium basin impact melt, material whose study would yield insight into the composition of the lunar crust, the time of formation of the basin, and the large impact process.
Negative first stroke leader characteristics in cloud‐to‐ground lightning over land and ocean
Authors: Nag Amitabh , Cummins Kenneth L.
Published: February 2017

We examine downward leader characteristics for negative first return strokes, along with estimated first stroke peak currents, for lightning occurring over land and ocean reported by the U.S. National Lightning Detection Network (NLDN). For the first time, to the best of our knowledge, we report independent evidence that supports the observations by lightning locating systems of higher first stroke peak currents for lightning occurring over ocean than land. We analyzed lightning occurring in five circular regions, each with 50 km diameter. In western Florida, the median stepped‐leader duration was 17% shorter over ocean than over land and in eastern Florida the median durations were 21% and 39% shorter over two oceanic regions than over land. We infer that the shorter durations over ocean simply reflect the higher (25% in western Florida and 11%–16% in eastern Florida) oceanic return stroke peak currents reported by the NLDN. These findings indicate that the cloud charge structure for (at least some) oceanic storms are different than those for storms over land. The percentage of flashes that had at least one NLDN‐reported negative cloud pulse prior to the first negative cloud‐to‐ground stroke was found to be about the same over land and ocean. Using regression analysis, we found no evidence that the relationship between leader duration and first return stroke peak current is different over land and ocean.