bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The whole-cell proteome shows the characteristics of macrolides-resistant Bordetella pertussis in China linked to the biofilm formation
Authors: Lv Zhe , Yin Sha , Jiang Kaichong , Wang Wei , Luan Yang , Wu Shuang , Shi Jianfei , Li Zhe , Ma Xiao , Wang Zengguo , Yan Hong
Published: March 2023

The macrolides-resistant Bordetella pertussis (MR-Bp) isolates in China evolved from the ptxP1/fhaB3 allele and rapidly became predominant, suggestive of an adaptive transmission ability. This was different from the global prevalent ptxP3 strains, in which MR-Bp was rarely reported. The study aimed to determine the underlying mechanism responsible for fitness and resistance in these two strains. We identify proteomic differences between ptxP1/fhaB3 and ptxP3/fhaB1 strains using TMT-based proteomics. We then performed in-depth bioinformatic analysis to determine differentially expressed genes (DEGs), followed by gene ontology (GO), and protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis. Further PRM analysis confirmed the expression of 4 target proteins. Finally, the crystal violet method was used to determine biofilm-forming ability. The results showed that the main significant different proteins between the two represent isolates were related to biofilm formation. Furthermore, we have confirmed that ptxP1/fhaB3 showed hyperbiofilm formation in comparison with ptxP3/fhaB1. It is suggested that the resistance and adaptability of ptxP1/fhaB3 strains may be related to the formation of biofilm through proteomics. In a word, we determined the significantly different proteins between the ptxP1/fhaB3 and ptxP3/fhaB1 strains through whole-cell proteome, which were related to biofilm formation.
The States Of Different 5-HT Receptors Located In The Dorsal Raphe Nucleus Are Crucial For Regulating The Awakening During General Anesthesia
Authors: Ma Haixiang , Gu Leyuan , Wang Yuling , Xu Qing , Shao Weihui , Yu Qian , Lian Xiting , Liu Lu , Gu Jiaxuan , Ji Na , Zhang Yuanli , Liu Xiaoling , Nagayasu Kazuki , Zhang Honghai
Published: March 2023

General anesthesia is widely used in various clinical practices due to its ability to cause loss of consciousness. However, the exact mechanism of anesthesia-induced unconsciousness remains unclear. It is generally thought that arousal-related brain nuclei are involved. 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) is closely associated with sleep arousal. Here, we explore the role of the 5-HT system in anesthetic awakening through pharmacological interventions and optogenetic techniques. Our data showed that exogenous administration of 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP) and optogenetic activation of 5-HT neurons in the dorsal raphe nucleus (DR) could significantly shorten the emergence time of sevoflurane anesthesia in mice, suggesting that regulation of the 5-HT system using both endogenous and exogenous approaches could mediate delayed emergence. In addition, we first discovered that the different 5-HT receptors located in the DR, known as 5-HT autoreceptors, are essential for the regulation of general anesthetic awakening, with 5-HT1A and 5-HT2A/C receptors playing a regulatory role. These results can provide a reliable theoretical basis as well as potential targets for clinical intervention to prevent delayed emergence and some postoperative risks.
The preventive measures adopted during dental practice by the dentists to prevent the transmission of COVID-19: A questionnaire-based survey
Authors: Katta Prashanth Kumar
Published: March 2023

Objectives
A new coronavirus was first identified in the Chinese province of Hubei, and by June 17, 2020, the virus had spread to 213 other nations. The specialized nature of the operations performed by the dental team puts them at a significant risk for infection. The purpose of this questionnaire was to evaluate the preventive measures and awareness strategies that dentists might use to stop or lessen the spread of COIVD-19.
Material and Methods
The 23 questions in the web survey were based on guidelines provided by the CDC for dental settings during the COVID-19 pandemic, and the respondents in this study were dental professionals in India.
Results
302 dentists in all replied to this study. Only 16.7% of the participants received only emergency care, and only 26.2% used face shields and masks; other protective gear was less common. Since there is only one patient in the waiting area, the majority of participants make their appointments. More than half of dentists sterilize their patients' hands both before and after the dental procedure, and 70% of them decide to disinfect using 70% ethyl alcohol. Before beginning therapy, the majority of respondents use dental mouthwashes containing chlorhexidine gluconate 0.12%. Nearly 75 percent of dentists employ high vacuum. After every patient, just 41.7% of dentists disinfect the dental handpieces in autoclaves. The majority of dentists train their patients about preventive methods.
Conclusion
Based on these results, the Saudi Arabian dentists should take more strict measures during dental practice.
Rapid development of wheat-Dasypyrum villosum compensating translocations resistant to powdery mildew via a tri-marker strategy conducted on a large ph1b-induced population
Authors: Wan Wentao , Zhao Renhui , Chen Tiantian , Wang Ling , Zhang Xu , Li Haifeng , Wang Xiue , Bie Tongde
Published: March 2023

Wheat powdery mildew, caused by Blumeria graminis f. sp. Tritici (Bgt), is one of the most destructive diseases in the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River, China. Currently, nearly all the resistant varieties released in this area are carrying Pm21 conveyed by the wheat-Dasypyrum villosum T6V#2S.6AL translocation, which brings a potential risk of resistance loss. PmV, a homologue of Pm21, carried by the wheat-D. villosum T6V#4S.6DL translocation, is more stably resistant to Bgt but less transmittable and exploited in breeding. To utilize PmV more effectively, a new recombinant translocation T6V#4S-6V#2S.6AL carrying PmV with higher transmission rate was used as a basic material for inducing smaller alien translocations. A localized ph1b-carried line “Yangmai 23-ph1b” conferring semi dwarf and high yield was developed with the ph1b locus in the genetic background of the commercial variety Yangmai 23. A large ph1b-induced F3 population was created based on the cross between Yangmai 23-ph1b and T6V#4S-6V#2S.6AL. A modified tri-marker strategy using three co-dominant markers, the distal marker 6VS-GX4 and paracentric marker 6VS-GX17 of 6VS as well as the functional marker MBH1 of PmV, was conducted for screening new recombinants. Forty-eight recombinants including 22 PmV-carried translocations were identified from 6,300 F3 individuals. Two translocation lines, Dv6T25 with the shortest distal segment carrying PmV and Dv6T31 with the shortest proximal segment carrying PmV were identified with high powdery mildew resistance and normal transmission rate. This work is significant for promoting PmV in wheat breeding and gives a model for rapid development of wheat-alien compensating translocations.
A classification of S-boxes generated by Orthogonal Cellular Automata
Authors: Mariot Luca , Manzoni Luca
Published: March 2023

Most of the approaches published in the literature to construct S-boxes via Cellular Automata (CA) work by either iterating a finite CA for several time steps, or by a one-shot application of the global rule. The main characteristic that brings together these works is that they employ a single CA rule to define the vectorial Boolean function of the S-box. In this work, we explore a different direction for the design of S-boxes that leverages on Orthogonal CA (OCA), i.e. pairs of CA rules giving rise to orthogonal Latin squares. The motivation stands on the facts that an OCA pair already defines a bijective transformation, and moreover the orthogonality property of the resulting Latin squares ensures a minimum amount of diffusion. We exhaustively enumerate all S-boxes generated by OCA pairs of diameter \(4 \le d \le 6\), and measure their nonlinearity. Interestingly, we observe that for \(d=4\) and \(d=5\) all S-boxes are linear, despite the underlying CA local rules being nonlinear. The smallest nonlinear S-boxes emerges for \(d=6\), but their nonlinearity is still too low to be used in practice. Nonetheless, we unearth an interesting structure of linear OCA S-boxes, proving that their Linear Components Space (LCS) is itself the image of a linear CA, or equivalently a polynomial code. We finally classify all linear OCA S-boxes in terms of their generator polynomials.
MSC Classification: 05B15 · 68Q80 · 37B15 · 11T06
House-wall modification after indoor residual spraying in Shashogo district, southern Ethiopia
Authors: Amanuel Melesech , Tadesse Sebsibe , Tamene Aiggan
Published: March 2023

Background: The indoor residual spraying has been a key national malaria prevention and control strategy in Ethiopia. However, there is a gap in monitoring and evaluation of house-wall modification after indoor residual spraying before the end of potency period. This study has determined the prevalence of house-wall modification after indoor residual spraying and identified the associated factors in Shashogo district, southern Ethiopia.
Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted from April to May 2022. Data were collected from 640 randomly selected households using a pre-tested questionnaire and an observational checklist. The binary logistic regression models were used to identify factors associated with house-wall modification after indoor residual spraying before the end of potency period.
Results: The prevalence of house-wall modification after indoor residual spraying was found to be 30.4% (95% CI: 27.4-34.2%). Educational status of could not read and write [AOR = 1.76, 95% CI: (1.16, 2.68)], monthly income of greater than 3,000 birr [AOR = 3.27, 95% CI: (1.78, 6.01)], low level of knowledge about indoor residual spraying [AOR = 3.81 .95% CI: (2.39, 6.06)], lack of information within two weeks before spraying [AOR = 2.23, 95% CI: (1.44, 3.46)], absence of supervision after spraying [AOR = 1.79, 95% CI: (1.14, 2.81)], absence of stagnant water near house [AOR = 3.36, 95% CI: (2.13, 5.39)], and thatched roof [AOR = 1.82, 95% CI: (1.04, 3.16)] were factors significantly associated with house-wall modification after indoor residual spraying.
Conclusion: This study has revealed that the prevalence of house-wall modification after indoor residual spraying before the end of potency period in the study area was higher compared to other studies in developing countries. Therefore, special emphasis should be given on providing community education about indoor residual spraying, conducting regular supervision before and after residual spraying, enforcing some punishment for modifying the house-wall before six months after spraying, and improving environmental and housing conditions.
Development of a low-cost deep eutectic solvent based on zinc nitrate hexahydrate salt/ethylene glycol as an electrolyte for rechargeable zinc air batteries
Authors: Getie Fentahun Adamu , Ayele Delele Worku , Habtu Nigus Gabbiye , Yihun Fantahun Aklog , Yemata Temesgen Atnafu , Ambaw Mehary Dagnaw , Worku Ababay Ketema
Published: March 2023

In this study, a cheap zinc nitrate hexahydrated (ZNH)/ethylene glycol (EG) deep eutectic solvent (DES) was developed as a substitute electrolyte for rechargeable zinc air batteries using the heating method. The synthesized ZNH/EG based DESs were characterized by ionic conductivity (σ), refractive index, density, viscosity, thermogravimetric (TGA), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and cyclic voltammetry (CV) measurements. The results revealed that at a 1:6 of DES lowest viscosity values of 579,381,119,110, and 58 centipoise (cp) were obtained at 20, 30, 60, 100, and 200 corresponding spindle speeds rotation per minute respectively. Similarly, lower density value of 1.392 g/cm3, lower refractive index value of 1.441 and higher conductivity (σ) of 7.51 ms/cm were obtained at 1:6 of DES. The cyclic voltammetry (CV) result also presented a wider range of electrochemical potential window (EPW) value of 1.06 V. This could be due to the delocalization of charged ions with a larger void volume that builds within the solution, showing the reversibility of electrochemical electrolyte. Hence, the result showed the DES with a 1:6 molar ratio could be a promising electrolyte for rechargeable zinc air batteries.
Radiosurgery for classical trigeminal neuralgia: impact of shot size on clinical outcome
Authors: ORTHOLAN Cécile , COLIN Philippe , SERRANO Benjamin , BOUET Thibault , GARNIER Nicolas , GUYADER Maud LE , AMBLARD Régis , VILLENEUVE Rémy , CHANALET Stéphane , ALCHAAR Haiel , BOZZOLO Eric , LANTERI-MINET Michel , FONTAINE Denys
Published: March 2023

Background
This study compares the outcome of radiosurgery using two different shot sizes (5-mm and 6-mm) in patients suffering from medically refractory classical trigeminal neuralgia (TN).
Methods
All patients included in this open, prospective, non-controlled study were treated in a single institution for TN (95 patients) by LINAC single-dose radiosurgery using 5-mm shot (43 patients) or 6-mm shot (52 patients). The target was positioned on the intracisternal part of the trigeminal nerve.
Results
Mean Dmax (D0.035) to the brainstem that was higher in the 6-mm group: 12.6 Gy vs 21.3 Gy (p < 0.001). Pain control was significantly better in the 6-mm group: rates of pain-free patients at 12 and 24 months were respectively 90.2% and 87.8% vs. 73.6% and 73.6% in the 5-mm group (p = 0.045). Post-radiosurgical hypesthesia was more frequent in the 6-mm group: 47.0% and 58% vs.11.3% and 30.8% at 12 and 24 months (p = 0.002). To investigate the respective effect of shot size and dose to the brainstem on outcome, patients were separated in 3 groups: group 1 = 5-mm shot, (all Dmax < 25 Gy, 43 patients), group 2 = 6-mm shot, Dmax < 25 Gy (32 patients), group 3 = 6-mm shot Dmax > 25 Gy (20 patients). Rate of 12 months hypesthesia was 11.3%, 33.5% and 76.0%, respectively, p < 0.001 in each group. Rate of 12 months pain recurrence was 26.4%, 16.5% and 5% respectively (p = 0.11).
Conclusion
LINAC treatment with 6-mm shot achieved excellent pain control, but increased the rate of trigeminal nerve dysfunction, especially when the maximum dose to the brainstem was higher than 25 Gy.
Landscape configurations determining the genetic structure of the Yellow-Spotted Amazon River Turtle (Podocnemis unifilis) in Brazilian Amazonia
Authors: Agostini Maria Augusta Paes , Machado Arielli Fabrício , Ritter Camila Duarte , Viana Maria das Neves da Silva , Monjeló Luiz Alberto dos Santos , Andrade Paulo César Machado , Pantoja-Lima Jackson , Pezzuti Juarez C. B. , Félix-Silva Daniely , Junior Waldesse Piragé de Oliveira , Vogt Richard C. , Hrbek Tomas , Farias Izeni Pires
Published: March 2023

Landscape features can influence gene flow detected in genetic structure and diversity. The effect will depend on the ability to disperse and may vary between species. Waterfalls and rapids in the Amazon basin have been suggested as causing the diversification and genetic structure of freshwater species, including turtles. Thus, we evaluated the spatial distribution of genetic diversity of Podocnemis unifilis, a widely distributed and endangered turtle, along the main rivers of the Brazilian Amazon. We used the mitochondrial DNA control region to characterize the population structure and test hypotheses of isolation by distance (IBD) or resistance (IBR) through an integrative approach using genetic, geographic, and ecological data. We compared matrices of geographic (linear and in-water distance) and resistance distances (niche modeling and/or waterfalls and rapids) in genetic distance. We found heterogeneous levels of genetic diversity (no spatial patterns) and a geographically complex pattern of population genetic structure. In some localities, gene flow follows watersheds, connecting watercourses, but it also has some genetic structure withing rivers, where waterfalls and rapids act as barriers to dispersal. The IBR better explains the genetic distance, the movement of individuals is influenced by aquatic, vegetational, biological, and geomorphological variables. Efforts for the conservation of the species need to be applied in all its distribution considering landscape genetics. Thus, projects that impact aquatic organisms such as dams and others need to rely on regional or even local migration of Amazonian turtle populations in rivers, verifying the connectivity within each watercourse, improving the knowledge of negative impacts.
Sensitivity Analysis of Operation Parameters of the Salt Cavern under Long-term Gas Injection-Production
Authors: ZHANG Huabin , WANG Peng , Wanyan Qiqi , Li Kang , Gao Kai , Yue Xianru
Published: March 2023

Injection-production operation parameters, the minimum injection gas pressure (IGP: operation pressure), IGP interval, minimum IGP residence time, and injection-production cycle of the underground salt rock gas storage under long-term operation, affect not only the capacity and working ability of a salt cavern but also be crucial to the safety and stability of the surrounding rock. A 3D geo-mechanical model of the salt cavern is established to study the stability of the storage in the operation period. The deformation, expansion safety factor, volume shrinkage, and plastic zone are comprehensively considered for predicting the feasibility and stability of the salt cavern. The stability of the surrounding rock of the cavern with different injection-production parameters and the impact of each parameter on the stability of the cavern during operating are systematically investigated. The results indicate that the displacement, the expansion coefficient of the surrounding rock, and the volume shrinkage rate of the salt cavern reduces significantly with the increment of IGP interval and minimum IGP, while they increases with raising the minimum IGP residence time and injection-production cycle. With the continuous operation of the cavity, the displacement and the volume shrinkage rate enhances significantly year by year with the augment of operation parameters, moreover, their value show a fluctuating upward trend with the alternation of the gas injection and the production. The volume of the plastic zone is enlarged with the increment of the IGP interval, minimum IGP, and injection-production cycle, while it reduces with the extension of the minimum IGP residence time. The variation becomes remarkably with the augment of parameters. The sensitivity coefficients of each injection-production operation parameter are ranked, from large to small, as follows: IGP interval, minimum IGP, minimum IGP residence time, injection-production cycle. The results can offer beneficial reference for effectively optimize the injection-production parameters, so as to provide technical guidance for ensuring the stability of the storage and meeting requirements for the storage capacity.
Using patient-specific contrast enhancement optimizer simulation software during the transcatheter aortic valve implantation-computed tomography angiography in patients with aortic stenosis
Authors: Masuda Takanori , Nakaura Takeshi , Higaki Toru , Funama Yoshinori , matsumoto Yoriaki , Sato Tomoyasu , Okimoto Tomokazu , Gotanda Rumi , Arao Keiko , Imaizumi Hiromasa , Arao Shinichi , Ono Atsushi , Hiratsuka Junichi , Awai Kazuo
Published: March 2023

Purpose: This study assessed whether patient-specific contrast enhancement optimizer simulation software (p-COP) can reduce the contrast material (CM) dose compared with the conventional body weight (BW)-tailored scan protocol during transcatheter aortic valve implantation-computed tomography angiography (TAVI-CTA) in patients with aortic stenosis.
Methods: We used the CM injection protocol selected by the p-COP in group A (n = 30). The p-COP uses an algorithm that includes data on an individual patient’s cardiac output. Group B (n = 30) was assigned the conventional BW-tailored CM injection protocol. We compared CM dose, amount of CM, injection rates, and computed tomography (CT) value in the abdominal aorta between the two groups and classified them as acceptable (>280 Hounsfield units (HU)) or unacceptable (<279 HU) based on the optimal CT value for TAVI-CTA.
Results: Group A received 56.2 ml CM and 2.6 ml/sec of injection, and group B received 76.9 ml CM and 3.4 ml/sec of injection (p < 0.01). The CT value for the abdominal aorta at the celiac level was 287.0 HU in group A and 301.7HU in group B (p = 0.46). The rate of CT value for acceptable (280 HU or more) and unacceptable (less than 280 HU) were 22 and 8 patients in group A, and 24 and 6 patients in group B, respectively (p = 0.76).
Conclusion: The p-COP reduced the CM dosage, and the injection rate was approximately 30% in patients with aortic stenosis compared with the BW-tailored scan protocol during TAVI-CTA.
A survey on χ-module Connes Amenability of Semigroup Algebras
Authors: Tamimi Ebrahim , Ghaffari Ali
Published: March 2023

We shall study the χ-module Connes amenability of a semigroup algebra l 1(S), where χ is a bounded module homomorphism from l 1(S) to l 1(S) that is w∗-continuous and S is an inverse weakly cancellative semigroup with subsemigroup E of idempotents. We are mainly concerned with the study of χ-module normal, virtual diagonals. We characterize the χ- module Connes amenability of a semigroup algebra l1(S). Also, we show that if l1(S) as a Banach module over l1(E) has an id-module normal, virtual diagonal then it is id-module Connes amenable. It is obtained other characterizations for χ- module Connes amenability of l1(S).
Molecular Evolution and Protein Structure Variation of Dkk Family
Authors: Wen Binhong , Gong Husile , Yin Jun , Wu Jianghong , Guo WenRui
Published: March 2023

Dkks have inhibitory effects on Wnt signaling pathway, which is involved in the development of skin and its appendages and the regulation of hair growth. The nucleotide sequences were compared and analyzed to further investigate the relationship between the structure and function of the Dkk gene family and vertebrate epidermal hair. The analysis of the molecular evolution of the Dkk family revealed that the evolution rate of the gene changed significantly after species differentiation, with the Aves and Reptilia branches showing accelerated evolution. Additionally, positive selection was observed at specific sites. The tertiary structure of the protein was also predicted. The analysis of the functional divergence of the Dkk family revealed that the functional divergence coefficient of each gene was greater than 0, with most of the functional divergence sites located in the Cys-2 domain and a few in the Cys-1 domain. This suggests that the amino acid and functional divergence sites may play a role in regulating the binding of Dkk family to LRP5/6, and thus affect the inhibition of Wnt signaling, leading to different functions of Dkk1, Dkk2, and Dkk4 in the development of skin hair follicles. In addition, the Dkk families of Aves and Reptilia may have undergone adaptive evolution and functional divergence.
Risk factor analysis of tibial tunnel position for early failure of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction
Authors: Niu Haiyun
Published: March 2023

BACKGROUND: To study the effect of the positional relationship between the position of the opening within the tibial tunnel and the extension of the parietal line of the intercondylar fossa on early graft rupture after ACLR.
METHODS: Patients were divided into three groups A, B, and C according to the positional relationship between the extension of the top line of the intercondylar fossa of the femur and the opening within the tibial tunnel, and risk factors related to the relationship between their age, sex, graft diameter, BMI, and graft survival of the affected knee and its position were analyzed and compared.
RESULTS: The age, BMI, and gender of the patients in the three groups were not statistically significant; the mean graft diameter of the patients in the three groups was statistically significant, and the mean graft diameter size was statistically different between group A and group C, and between group B and group C. The mean graft diameter in group C was larger than that in groups A and B; the graft survival rate of the patients in the three groups was statistically significant, and the graft survival rate in groups A and C was higher than that in group B.
Conclusion: The more posterior the position of the extension line of the top line of the intercondylar fossa intersecting the inner exit of the tibial tunnel, the more serious the impingement of the femoral intercondylar fossa with the graft, and the higher the early graft rupture rate after the reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament; It is not that the larger the graft diameter, the lower the graft rupture rate; the most effective measure to avoid early graft rupture is a reasonable tibial tunnel position to avoid the impingement on the graft.
Hierarchical deconvolution for extensive cell type resolution in the human brain using DNA methylation
Authors: Zhang Ze , Wiencke John K. , Kelsey Karl T. , Koestler Devin C. , Molinaro Annette M. , Pike Steven C , Karra Prasoona , Christensen Brock C. , Salas Lucas A.
Published: March 2023

The human brain comprises heterogeneous cell subtypes whose composition can be altered with physiological and pathological conditions. New approaches to discern the diversity and distribution of brain cells associated with neurological conditions would significantly advance the study of brain-related pathophysiology and neuroscience. We demonstrate that DNA-based cell-type deconvolution achieves an accurate resolution of seven major cell types. Unlike single-nuclei approaches, DNA methylation-based deconvolution does not require special sample handling or processing, is cost-effective, and easily scales to large study designs. Current methods for brain cell deconvolution are limited only to neuronal and non-neuronal cells. Using DNA methylation profiles of the top cell-type-specific differentially methylated CpGs, we employed a hierarchical modeling approach to deconvolve GABAergic neurons, glutamatergic neurons, astrocytes, microglial cells, oligodendrocytes, endothelial cells, and stromal cells. We demonstrate the utility of our method by applying it to data on normal tissues from various brain regions and in aging and diseased tissues, including Alzheimer's disease, autism, Huntington’s disease, epilepsy, and schizophrenia. We expect that the ability to determine the cellular composition in the brain using only DNA from bulk samples will accelerate understanding brain cell type composition and cell-type-specific epigenetic states in normal and diseased brain tissues.
HIV infection risk among women in South Africa: exploring the interplay between financial autonomy, sexual autonomy and intimate partner violence
Authors: Ogbodo Stephen Chukwuma
Published: March 2023

Aim: To assess the inter-relationships between women’s sexual autonomy (SA), financial autonomy (FA) and experience of intimate partner violence (IPV), and how these factors influence HIV infection risk.
Subject and Methods: This is a secondary analysis of the 2016 South-Africa Demographic and Health Survey. The study included all ever-partnered women aged 18-49 who were randomly selected for the domestic violence and HIV test modules. SA was measured from questions about women’s ability to refuse sex or request condom use. FA was measured from questions about women’s employment status, personal earnings, etc. IPV was measured from questions about women’s experience of emotional, physical and/or sexual violence. Bivariate analyses were used to assess the inter-relationships between SA, FA and IPV, and their individual relationships with HIV. Lastly, a multiple logistic regression model assessed their mutually adjusted associations with HIV infection risk.
Results: There was no apparent relationship between sexual and financial autonomy, but they were weakly inversely associated with IPV. In the bivariate analyses, all three variables were associated with HIV risk. However, in the mutually adjusted model, only SA and IPV remained associated with HIV risk. Low SA (AOR = 2.01, 95% CI: 1.30 to 3.10, p=0.006) and exposure to sexual violence (AOR = 2.91, 95% CI: 1.14 to 7.43, p = 0.03) were associated with higher odds of HIV seropositivity.
Conclusion: This study highlighted the important roles of SA and IPV on women’s HIV risk, as well as the need for further research to clarify the role of FA.
Abnormalities in modular connectivity of functional brain networks and cognitive changes in patients with anti -N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor encephalitis
Authors: Huang Dongying , Lv Caitiao , Chen Zexiang , Li Zhekun , Zheng Jinou
Published: March 2023

Objective: To explore potential mechanisms of cognitive changes in patients with anti-NMDAR encephalitis (ANMDARE) from intramodule and intermoduleeffects of brain functional networks.
Methods: Resting-state functional MRI and T1-weighted imaging data were collected from 30 ANMDARE patientsand 30 healthy controls (HCs). Abrain functional matrix was constructed, and sparsity was established by module similarity. For both groups, changes in functional connectivity within and between modules was calculated, changes in whole-brain and module gray matter volumes were explored, and whole-brain functional topology was analyzed. Finally, the association of brain functional and structural changes with cognitive function in ANMDARE was further analyzed.
Results: Compared to HCs, ANMDARE patients had enhanced connectivity within the modules that included the occipito-parietal-temporal and parahippocampal gyri. ANMDARE patients had significantly higher participation coefficients (PC) in the right inferior frontal gyrus than HCs and significantly lower PC in the left superior parietal lobule, left caudate nucleus, and right putamen. No statistically significant differences in gray matter volume and global topological properties were found between the two groups. No correlations were found between functional and structural brain indicators and the Cognitive Assessment Scale and the Emotional Deficit Scale.
Conclusions: Changes in cognitive function in patients with ANMDARE are manifested by enhanced intramodular functional connectivity and intermodularconnectivity changes in the brain, with abnormal intramodular and extramodularconnectivity that do not maintain normal cognitive function.
Variation of chemical compositions and fatty acids profiles of Chlorella sp. utilizing physical shocks
Authors: Noori Farzaneh , vahdat saeid
Published: March 2023

The biochemical compositions of microalgae are altered with the change in pH, temperature, photoperiod, salinity, and metal content in the culture media. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of different environmental shocks on the lipid, EPA, and DHA fatty acids levels in Chlorella sp. The algae were cultivated for 12 days using a Guillard medium for biomass production. At this stage, algae were reared under eight shock conditions for six days; T1 (control), T2 was subjected to salinity+pH+starvation, T3 to salinity, T4 to starvation, T5 to pH+starvation, T6 to salinity+pH, T7 to salinity+starvation and T8 to pH shocks. The samples were collected at the end of the dark or light period. The results revealed that the lipid content of Chlorella sp. was significantly affected by darkness in T6. The lipid content under salinity shock during the light period was significantly lower than T5 on day 18. The Arachidonic acid (ARA) and EPA in T4 and DHA in T6 during the dark period exhibited significant differences compared to other groups (p<0.05). Based on the results obtained highest lipid production and DHA synthesis in chlorella sp. were induced on day 18 during the dark period by T4 and T6, respectively.
Thrombotic microangiopathy after long lasting treatment by Gemcitabine: description, evolution and treatment of a rare case report
Authors: Bertin Lise , Gauthier Marion , Boullenger Fanny , Brocheriou Isabelle , Mary Florence , Dhôte Robin , Belenfant Xavier
Published: March 2023

Background : Thrombotic microangiopathy is an uncommon but severe complication that may occur in cancer patients under Gemcitabine chemotherapy. Gemcitabine induced thrombotic microangiopathy can clinically and biologically present as atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome, with activation of the complement pathway asking the question of the use of Eculizumab.
Case presentation : We describe here the case of a patient suffering from metastatic cholangiocarcinoma treated by Gemcitabine for 4 years leading to remission of the underlying neoplasia. Despite an impressive response to therapy, she developed thrombopenia, regenerative anemia and acute kidney injury leading to the suspicion then diagnosis based on renal biopsy of a very late Gemcitabine associated thrombotic microangiopathy. Spontaneous evolution after treatment interruption was favorable without dialysis requirement. However, in this case where Gemcitabine is the only chemotherapy remaining for a mortal underlying condition, we discussed re-initiation of Gemcitabine under Eculizumab treatment.
Conclusions : This atypical case of thrombotic microangiopathy illustrates the importance of recognizing, even belatedly, this rare but serious complication of chemotherapy. It asks the question of resumption of discontinued chemotherapy notably under Eculizumab cover, in this population with high risk of cancer progression.
A New ECG Denoising Approach based on convex fused-Lasso Denoising with Non-Convex Regularization and Wavelet/Total Variation
Authors: Rezgui Abdallah , Nasraoui Ibrahim , Talbi Mourad
Published: March 2023

In this paper, we propose a new Electrocardiogram (ECG) denoising approach based on Convex fused lasso Denoising with non-convex regularization and Wavelet/Total Variation (WATV). This approach consists at first step of applying the Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) to the noisy ECG signal for obtaining a noisy approximation coefficient, cAb1 and a noisy details coefficient, cDb1. The latter is denoised by soft thresholding and we obtain a denoised details coefficient, cDd1. The second step of this approach consists of applying the DWT to cAb1 in order to obtain a noisy approximation coefficient, cAb2 and a noisy details coefficient, cDb2. The latter is denoised by Convex fused lasso denoising with non-convex regularization and we obtain a denoised details coefficient, cDd2. The coefficient, cAb2, is denoised by WATV based denoising technique and we obtain a denoised coefficient, cAd2. The inverse of DWT is then applied to cDd2 and cAd2 in order to obtain a denoised approximation coefficient, cAd1. The inverse of DWT is again applied to cDd1 and cAd1 for obtaining finally a denoised ECG signal. The performance of this proposed approach is proved by the computation of SNR, the PSNR, the MSE, the Mean Absolute Error (MAE), and the Cross-Correlation (CC).
Sex differences in resting-state functional networks in awake rats
Authors: Li Qiong , Zhang Nanyin
Published: March 2023

Sex-related differences can be found in many brain disorders and psychophysiological traits, highlighting the importance to systematically understand the sex differences in brain function in humans and animal models. Despite emerging effort to address sex differences in behaviors and disease models in rodents, how brain-wide functional connectivity (FC) patterns differ between male and female rats remains largely unknown. Here we used resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rsfMRI) to investigate regional and systems-level differences between female and male rats. Our data show that female rats display stronger hypothalamus connectivity, whereas male rats exhibit more prominent striatum-related connectivity. At the global scale, female rats demonstrate stronger segregation within the cortical and subcortical systems, while male rats display more prominent cortico-subcortical interactions, particularly between the cortex and striatum. Taken together, these data provide a comprehensive framework of sex differences in resting-state connectivity patterns in the awake rat brain, and offer a reference for studies aiming to reveal sex-related FC differences in different animal models of brain disorders.
Phylogenetic analysis of HA and NA genes of influenza A viruses in immunosuppressed inpatients in Beijing during the 2018-2020 influenza seasons
Authors: Liu Yafen , Wang Yue , Wang Yanxin , Mai Huan , Chen YuanYuan , Zhang Yifan , Ji Ying , Cong Xu , Gao Yan
Published: March 2023

Background
Influenza A viruses have undergone rapid evolution with virulent; however, complete and comprehensive data on gene evolution and amino acid variation of HA and NA in immunosuppressed patients was few. In this study, we analysed molecular epidemiology and evolution of influenza A viruses in immunosuppressed population, and immunocompetent population were used as controls.
Methods
A(H1N1)pdm09 and A(H3N2) were confirmed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). HA and NA genes were sequenced using the Sanger method and phylogenetically analysed using ClustalW 2.10 and MEGA software version 11.0.
Results
During the 2018–2020 influenza seasons, 54 immunosuppressed and 46 immunocompetent inpatients were verified using RT–PCR. 27 immunosuppressed and 23 immunocompetent samples were randomly selected and sequenced using the Sanger method. A(H1N1)pdm09 were detected in 15 samples and the remaining 35 samples were A(H3N2) positive. By analyzing the HA and NA gene sequences of these virus strains, we found that all A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses shared high similarities to each other and the HA and NA genes of these viruses exclusively belonged to subclade 6B.1A.1. Some NA genes of A(H3N2) viruses were not in the same clade as those of A/Singapore/INFIMH-16-0019/2016 and A/Kansas/14/2017, which may have led to A(H3N2) being the dominant strain in the 2019–2020 influenza season. Both A(H1N1)pdm09 and A(H3N2) viruses showed similar evolutionary lineages patterns of HA and NA between immunosuppressed and immunocompetent patients. However, compared with the vaccine strains, the HA and NA nucleotide and amino acid sequences of influenza A viruses in immunosuppressed patients were less similar than those in immunocompetent patients. A total of 18 unreported substitutions were observed, 12 substitutions of which from immunosuppressed patients. Furthermore, the oseltamivir resistance substitution of NA-H275Y and R292K have been observed in immunosuppressed patients.
Conclusions
A(H1N1)pdm09 and A(H3N2) viruses showed similar evolutionary lineages patterns of HA and NA between immunosuppressed and immunocompetent patients. Compared with immunocompetent patients, immunosuppressed patients have more amino acid variations, which should be of note monitored, especially those with potential to affect the viral antigen.
Enzymatic synthesis of novel pyrrole esters and their thermal stability
Authors: Hu Jingyi , Zhou Meng , Zhang Yujie , Zhang Xi , Ji Xiaoming , Zhao Mingqin , Lai Miao
Published: March 2023

In the present work a simple enzymatic approach (Novozym 435) for transesterification to synthesize pyrrole esters was reported. To generate the best reaction conditions, which resulted in the optimum yield of 92%, the effects of lipase type, solvent, lipase load, molecular sieves, substrate molar ratio of esters to alcohol, reaction temperature, reaction duration, and speed of agitation were evaluated. The range of alcohols was assessed under optimal circumstances. The spectrum observations conclusively demonstrated that the compounds could be generated with high yield under the circumstances utilized for synthesis. The odor characteristics of the pyrrolyl esters obtained were examined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry-olfactometry (GC-MS-O). Among them, compounds of benzhydryl 1H-pyrrole-2-carboxylate (3h), butyl 1H-pyrrole-2-carboxylate (3i) and pentyl 1H-pyrrole-2-carboxylate (3j) present sweet and acid aroma. In addition, the thermal degradation process was further studied using the Py-GC/MS (pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry), TG (thermogravimetry), and DSC (differential scanning calorimeter) techniques. The outcomes of the Py-GC/MS, TG, and DSC techniques show that they have excellent thermal stability.
Surgical outcomes and perioperative risk factors of patients with interstitial lung disease after pulmonary resection
Authors: Huang Chuan , Sun Yao-Guang , Ma Chao , Jiao Peng , Wu Qing-Jun , Tian Wen-Xin , Yu Han-Bo , Tong Hong-Feng
Published: March 2023

Background
Patients of interstitial lung disease (ILD) combined with pulmonary lesions are increasingly common in clinical practice. Patients with ILD are at significantly higher risk for complications after pneumonectomy (including lobectomy and sublobar resection), especially acute exacerbations of ILD (AE-ILD). The purpose of this study is to summarize the short-term and long-term outcomes after pneumonectomy in ILD patients and to analyze the clinical factors affecting surgical safety.
Methods
From January 2004 to January 2022, a total of 78 patients who were diagnosed with ILD and underwent pneumonectomy at our center were enrolled in this study. Clinical data, pathological findings, surgical procedures, and intraoperative safety of these patients were collected retrospectively. Postoperative 90-day complications and mortality, long-term surgical outcomes from postoperative 90 days to 24 months, and changes in ILD condition were investigated. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify the risk factors associated with postoperative complications.
Results
The median age of patients was 66.5 (range 33–86) years, 82.1% (64/78) of patients were male, and 78.2% (61/78) of patients had comorbidities. Idiopathic ILD and secondary ILD accounted for 86% and 14%, thoracotomy and video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery accounted for 12.8% and 87.2%, and lobectomy and sublobar resection accounted for 37.2% and 62.8%, respectively. Postoperative 90-day complications occurred in 25.6% (20/78) of patients, with pulmonary complications and AE-ILD occurring in 15.4% and 9.0% of patients, respectively. The postoperative 90-day mortality rate was 5.1% (4/78), and the cause of death was AE-ILD. Exacerbation of ILD or other complications occurred in 12.8% (10/78) of patients from postoperative 90 days to 24 months. Univariate logistic regression analysis showed that comorbidity, extent of resection, systemic lymph node dissection, operation time, intraoperative blood loss, and pathology of pulmonary lesion were associated with postoperative 90-day complications. In multivariate logistic regression analysis, age-adjusted Charlson Comorbidity Index and intraoperative blood loss were identified as independent risk factors of postoperative 90-day complications.
Conclusions
Patients with ILD have a significantly higher risk of postoperative 90-day complications and mortality after pneumonectomy, especially pulmonary complications and AE-ILD. After postoperative 90 days, the risk of deterioration of pulmonary status remains high, including exacerbation of ILD and complications associated with long-term use of glucocorticoids and immunosuppressant. Age, comorbidity and intraoperative blood loss are high risk factors for postoperative 90-day complications.
Utilizing critical events to guide abstractive multi-document summarization
Authors: Yang Peng , Ji Shunhang , Li Bing , Sun Yuankang , Yi Meng
Published: March 2023

The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
Lived Experiences of Food Insecurity in a Northeastern Urban Setting: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Michaud Corinne
Published: March 2023

Objective. To examine the lived experiences of both the food insecure and secure in relation to use of the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) and Healthy Incentives Program (HIP) in a northeastern urban setting.
Study Design. Focus group data was placed into themes. A post-positivist paradigm was chosen to guide in data collection and analyses.
Participants/Setting: Participants (n=12) were purposively sampled from a local farm share program. All members of the farm share were welcome to participate, including those who were not food insecure (i.e., private pay members). Focus groups were conducted via Zoom, at the farm share pickup location at the Brighton Allston Congregational Church in Brighton, MA and in a conference room located in a government sponsored housing project, respectively, during Summer 2022.
Data Collection. Data was collected using a discussion guide of original design. Questions were chosen based on the objective of the study. An audit trail was maintained to document analytic decisions during data analysis.
Results. Three themes were identified: 1) There was an overall lack of knowledge of SNAP and HIP between both the food insecure and food secure participants, 2) There were distinct barriers preventing individuals from using these programs, and 3) There is a need for more robust education regarding SNAP and HIP among the underserved.
Conclusions. New research ought to focus on the analysis of pilot SNAP and HIP education programs. Policy change should continue to focus on increasing funding for these programs.
Copolymers of Caprylic Acid Allyl Ester With Butyl Methacrylate and Styrene as a Viscosity Additive for Lubricanting Oils
Authors:   Jeyhun Hamidova Elnara Hasanova1, Elkhan Isakov1, Faig Mammadov2, Nargiz Huseynova1, Kazimzadeh Lamia , Hasanova Elnara , Isakov Elkhan , Mammadov Faig , Huseynova Nargiz
Published: March 2023

Purpose
The paper is focused on synthesis the double copolymers of allyl ester of caprylic acid with butyl methacrylate, styrene and ternary copolymer with butyl methacrylate and styrene as viscosity additives in lubricanting oils.
Methods
The structure of synthesized compounds was proved by studying their physicochemical properties by IR and NMR spectroscopy. The molecular weight and the molecular weight distribution (MWD) of the copolymers were determined on a high-performance liquid chromatography. Thermal analysis of the synthesized copolymers was carried out using a simultaneous thermal analysis unit. The viscosity index and kinematic viscosity of the oil with the test copolymers were determined according to the appropriate ASTM methods.
Results
It has been established that the synthesized copolymers, having high viscosity-temperature, depressant properties, are effective viscosity additives that improve the thermal stability of mineral oils.
Conclusion
Conditions for the copolymerization of binary and ternary copolymers by the radical mechanism in the presence of benzoyl peroxide as an initiator have been developed. By adjusting the proportion of monomers, it has been shown that the synthesized copolymers can be dissolved in both mineral and complex essential oils.
Melt-mediated re-equilibration of zircon produced during meltdown of the Chernobyl reactor
Authors: Fougerouse Denis , Geisler Thorsten , Reddy Steven M. , Aleshin Matvei , Martin Laure , Doucet Luc S. , Quadir Zakaria , Saxey David , Rickard William
Published: March 2023

The mineral zircon is used widely to constrain the age of rocks and the processes that formed them. Although zircon is robust to a range of physical and chemical processes, it may show evidence for rapid re-equilibration that is generally considered to reflect interaction with hydrous fluids. Here, we show that zircon grains that crystallized from melt produced during the catastrophic meltdown of the Chernobyl nuclear reactor exhibit re-equilibration textures that occurred in an environment without free water. The process of re-equilibration involved a melt-mediated interface-coupled dissolution-reprecipitation that took place over a few days to produce textures that are commonly observed in igneous and anatectic systems. Thus, the composition of zircon can be modified even in the absence of hydrous fluids in a short time frame. Through this process, zircon crystals may track the timing of the last silicate melt they interacted with.