bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Foam assisted CO2-EOR; Concepts, Challenges and Applications
Authors: Talebian Seyedeh H. , Masoudi Rahim , Tan Isa M. , Zitha Pacelli L.
Published: July 2013

Foam assisted CO2 enhanced oil recovery has attracted increasing attention of oil companies (operators and service companies) and research institutions mainly due to the potentially high benefit of foam on CO2-EOR.

Miscible and immiscible CO2 flooding projects are respectively proven and potential EOR methods. Both methods have suffered from limited efficiency due to gravity segregation, gas override, viscous fingering and channeling through high permeability streaks. Numerous theoretical and experimental studies as well as field applications have indicated that foaming of CO2 reduces its mobility, thereby helping to control the above negative effects. However, there are still various conceptual and operational challenges, which may compromise the success and application of foam assisted CO2-EOR.

This paper presents a critical survey of the foam assisted CO2-EOR process to reveal its strengths, highlight knowledge gaps and suggest ways. The oil recovery mechanisms involved in CO2 foam flood, the effect of gaseous and soluble CO2 on the process, synergic effect of foaming agent and ultra-low IFT surfactants, logistic and operational concerns, etc. were identified as among the main challenges for this process. Moreover, the complex flow behaviour of CO2, oil, micro-emulsion and brine system dictates a detailed study of the physical-chemical aspects of CO2 foam flow for a successful design. Unavailability of reliable predictive tools due to the less understood concepts and phenomena adds more challenges to the process results and application justifications.

The study highlights the recent achievements and analysis about foam application and different parameters, which cannot be avoided for a successful foam assisted CO2 flood design and implementation. Accordingly, the study also addresses prospects and suggests necessary guidelines to be considered for the success of CO2 foam projects.
Experimental and Numerical Investigation of the Impact of Design Parameters on the Performance of WAG and SWAG Injection in Water-Wet and Mixed-Wet Systems
Authors: Fatemi S. Mobeen , Sohrabi Mehran
Published: July 2013

Experiments involving three-phase flow in porous media including Water-Alternating-Gas (WAG) injection are time-consuming andexpensive. Therefore, it is not feasible to experimentally consider all alternative injection schemes of these processes for different wettability and IFT (interfacial tension) conditions. The standard approach is to perform numerical simulations using models preferably tuned by laboratory data and experiments.

We present the results of a series of two-phase (WF and GF) and three-phase (WAG and SWAG) coreflood experiments performed in both water-wet and mixed-wet rocks. The objective of the experiments was to understand the impact of wettability and injection strategy, as well as generating reliable data for tuning a simulation model. A numerical model was developed and validated via experimental results under both wettability conditions, and then used to investigate the effect of a large number of parameters including; WAG starting time and slugsizes well as oil/gas IFT and wettability on the performance of different injection scenarios.

The results show that for water-wet systems, the highest oil recovery is achieved by SWAG (Simultaneous Water and Gas) and WAG injections and the poorest injection scheme is primary WF (water flood), whereas in the mixed-wet system, WAG and SWAG are the best and worst injection scenarios, respectively. In water-wet systems, the SWAG performance improved by increasing the ratio of gas to water while in mixed-wet systems, SWAG performance decreased by increasing gas to water ratio. Under water-wet conditions, better performance was achieved by smaller WAG slug sizes (higher number of WAG cycles) but for mixed-wet systems WAG performance decreased with increasing the number of the cycles. Our results also show that under near-miscible oil/gasconditions (IFT = 0.04 mN.m-1), the oil recovery by primary GF (Gas Flood) was much higher for water-wet systems compared to the mixed-wet conditions. Although the same trend has been observed for the immiscible condition (IFT = 9.4 mN.m-1), but under immiscible conditions the difference between the performance of GF for the two wettabilities(water-wet and mixed-wet) is not significant.For all oil/gas IFT values tested, WAG performance was found to be higher in mixed-wet systems compared to their water-wet counterparts, however, the effect of wettability was more pronounced in higher gas/oil IFT conditions. For both wettability conditions, starting WAG before water breakthrough of theprimary WF increased oil recovery.
Supercritical CO2-Foam - The Importance of CO2 Density on Foams Performance
Authors: Solbakken J. S. , Skauge A.. , Aarra M. G.
Published: July 2013

In CO2 projects for enhanced oil recovery (EOR) a critical factor is possible early CO2 breakthrough and consequently poor sweep efficiency. Injection of foam can block and divert CO2 which may improve sweep efficiency.

Large changes in physical properties of CO2 with temperature and pressure might affect CO2-foam performance under various reservoir conditions. Recently, we have focused on understanding supercritical CO2-foam properties and this paper describes the importance of supercritical CO2 density on CO2-foam performance in outcrop Berea sandstone core material.

Foam flooding experiments were conducted in sandstone core material at different pressures from 30 to 280 bar and at temperatures of 50 and 90°C using an AOSC14/16 surfactant. Results showed high foam strengths at low CO2 density. In fact, the strongest supercritical CO2-foam was generated at the lowest supercritical CO2 density tested, quite comparable to foam strength obtained with gaseous CO2. Only reduced foam strengths were found with dense supercritical CO2 (MRF 3-11).

Foam generation was studied with both equilibrated and non-equilibrated fluids. Previously, we showed that CO2-foam stability and blocking ability were strongly reduced when mass transfer occured. In this study delay in foam strength build-up was observed with non-equilibrated fluids. In addition, visual observations of the foam texture indicated larger bubbles.

Compared to N2-foams at similar conditions CO2-foams were weaker and showed coarser foam structure.
Systematic Investigation of Formulation for Chemical EOR: Back to Basics Production Chemistry Approach
Authors: Shepherd A. G. , Faber M. J. , Bouwmeester R. C.
Published: July 2013

This paper discusses a structured combination of procedures used to investigate polymers for EOR application with the focus on performance, compatibility with production chemicals and phase behaviour. This approach allows for early identification of risks and points to further work necessary for mitigation before field implementation. The case studied here was a system with total dissolved solids (TDS) of 80000 mg/l and temperature requirements of 40 to 70 °C. Effective screening of polymers has benefited from dissolution/viscosity, thermal stability and filtration tests. At lower temperatures (40 °C), polymers were shown to be fit-for-purpose for the conditions evaluated. All polymers showed loss of viscosity with some leading to complete viscosity loss at increased temperatures. This is the result of hydrolysis and interaction with the divalent cations present in the make-up synthetic brine. In-situ viscosity allowed for identification of phase behaviour effects which could affect injectivity (difference in apparent and rheometer viscosity). For the best performing polymer the presence of corrosion and scale inhibitors did not affect viscosity. No detrimental effects on corrosion inhibition and water in oil emulsions were observed. Increases in oil in water with potential fouling/deposition was identified for future study.
Replacement of the C6ORF66 Assembly Factor (NDUFAF4) Restores Complex I Activity in Patient Cells
Authors: Marcus Dana , Lichtenstein Michal , Saada Ann , Lorberboum-Galski Haya
Published: July 2013

Disorders of the oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) system frequently result in a severe multisystem disease with the consequence of early childhood death. Among these disorders, isolated complex I deficiency is the most frequently diagnosed, accounting for one-third of all cases of respiratory chain deficiency. We chose to focus on complex I deficiency, caused by mutation in the assembly factor chromosome 6, open reading frame 66 (C6ORF66; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] complex I assembly factor 4 [NDUFAF4]) protein. We used the approach of cell- and organelle-directed protein/enzyme replacement therapy, with the transactivator of transcription (TAT) peptide as the moiety delivery system. This step will enable us to deliver the wild-type assembly factor C6ORF66 into patient cells and their mitochondria, leading to the proper assembly and function of complex I and, as a result, to a functional OXPHOS system. We designed and constructed the TAT-ORF fusion protein by gene fusion techniques, expressed the protein in an Escherichia coli expression system and highly purified it. Our results indicate that TAT-ORF enters patients’ cells and their mitochondria rapidly and efficiently. TAT-ORF is biologically active and led to an increase in complex I activity. TAT-ORF also increased the number of patient cells and improved the activity of their mitochondria. Moreover, we observed an increase in ATP production, a decrease in the content of mitochondria and a decrease in the level of reactive oxygen species. Our results suggest that this approach of protein replacement therapy for the treatment of mitochondrial disorders is a promising one.
Genetic Markers of a Munc13 Protein Family Member, BAIAP3, Are Gender Specifically Associated with Anxiety and Benzodiazepine Abuse in Mice and Humans
Authors: Wojcik Sonja M. , Tantra Martesa , Stepniak Beata , Man Kwun-nok M. , Müller-Ribbe Katja , Begemann Martin , Ju Anes , Papiol Sergi , Ronnenberg Anja , Gurvich Artem , Shin Yong , Augustin Iris , Brose Nils , Ehrenreich Hannelore
Published: July 2013

Anxiety disorders and substance abuse, including benzodiazepine use disorder, frequently occur together. Unfortunately, treatment of anxiety disorders still includes benzodiazepines, and patients with an existing comorbid benzodiazepine use disorder or a genetic susceptibility for benzodiazepine use disorder may be at risk of adverse treatment outcomes. The identification of genetic predictors for anxiety disorders, and especially for benzodiazepine use disorder, could aid the selection of the best treatment option and improve clinical outcomes. The brain-specific angiogenesis inhibitor I-associated protein 3 (Baiap3) is a member of the mammalian uncoordinated 13 (Munc13) protein family of synaptic regulators of neurotransmitter exocytosis, with a striking expression pattern in amygdalae, hypothalamus and periaqueductal gray. Deletion of Baiap3 in mice leads to enhanced seizure propensity and increased anxiety, with the latter being more pronounced in female than in male animals. We hypothesized that genetic variation in human BAIAP3 may also be associated with anxiety. By using a phenotype-based genetic association study, we identified two human BAIAP3 single-nucleotide polymorphism risk genotypes (AA for rs2235632, TT for rs1132358) that show a significant association with anxiety in women and, surprisingly, with benzodiazepine abuse in men. Returning to mice, we found that male, but not female, Baiap3 knockout (KO) mice develop tolerance to diazepam more quickly than control animals. Analysis of cultured Baiap3 KO hypothalamus slices revealed an increase in basal network activity and an altered response to diazepam withdrawal. Thus, Baiap3/BAIAP3 is gender specifically associated with anxiety and benzodiazepine use disorder, and the analysis of Baiap3/BAIAP3-related functions may help elucidate mechanisms underlying the development of both disorders.
Removal of cadmium from water using by-product Crambe abyssinica Hochst seeds as biosorbent material
Authors: Rubio Fernanda , Gonçalves Affonso Celso , Meneghel Ana Paula , Tarley Cesar Ricardo Teixeira , Schwantes Daniel , Coelho Gustavo Ferreira
Published: July 2013

The effectiveness of Crambe abyssinica Hochst seeds by-product as a biosorbent for the removal of cadmium ions from wastewater was analyzed. The biomass of crambe was characterized by scanning electron microscopy, infrared spectroscopy and determining the point of zero charge. The optimum adsorption conditions obtained were 400 mg of biomass in a solution of pH 6.0 and contact time of 60 min to remove 19.342 mg g−1 cadmium ions. The isotherms of adsorption were constructed and, according to the mathematical linearization, the best fitting followed the Freundlich and Dubinin–Radushkevich models, describing a multilayer adsorption and chemical interaction, also confirmed by the pseudo-second order model and enthalpy value. In the desorption process, about 79% of cadmium ions that had been adsorbed were recovered. The same conditions applied for studying the isotherms of adsorption and desorption were used for comparative study with activated carbon. It was concluded that the use of crambe by-product as biosorbent for cadmium removal in wastewaters was not only a viable alternative to activated carbon, but also required no previous treatment, so it represents a sustainable material with high applicability and low environmental impact.
A consistent modelling methodology for secondary settling tanks: a reliable numerical method
Authors: Bürger Raimund , Diehl Stefan , Farås Sebastian , Nopens Ingmar , Torfs Elena
Published: July 2013

The consistent modelling methodology for secondary settling tanks (SSTs) leads to a partial differential equation (PDE) of nonlinear convection–diffusion type as a one-dimensional model for the solids concentration as a function of depth and time. This PDE includes a flux that depends discontinuously on spatial position modelling hindered settling and bulk flows, a singular source term describing the feed mechanism, a degenerating term accounting for sediment compressibility, and a dispersion term for turbulence. In addition, the solution itself is discontinuous. A consistent, reliable and robust numerical method that properly handles these difficulties is presented. Many constitutive relations for hindered settling, compression and dispersion can be used within the model, allowing the user to switch on and off effects of interest depending on the modelling goal as well as investigate the suitability of certain constitutive expressions. Simulations show the effect of the dispersion term on effluent suspended solids and total sludge mass in the SST. The focus is on correct implementation whereas calibration and validation are not pursued.
Durability of changes in phosphorus compounds in water of an urban lake after application of two reclamation methods
Authors: Grochowska Jolanta , Brzozowska Renata , Łopata Michał
Published: July 2013

The study was conducted on Długie Lake (area 26.8 ha, maximum depth 17.3 m), located in the town of Olsztyn, in north-eastern Poland (the Masurian Lake District). For 20 years starting in the 1950s, Długie Lake was used as a receiver of raw domestic and storm sewage in quantities oscillating between 350 and 400 m3 day–1. This led to complete degradation of the lake, known as saprotrophy. After some preliminary protective treatments in the catchment, the lake has been renewed by artificial aeration with thermal destratification and the phosphorus inactivation methods. Long-term reclamation of the reservoir has resulted in distinct and durable improvement of water quality. Before the restoration, the average phosphorus concentration in the surface water layer was 0.079 mg P L−1 and in the over-bottom water it reached 2.277 mg P L−1. The total phosphorus (TP) level also was very high, i.e. up to 3.5 mg P L−1. After the restoration, these values have declined to 0.001–0.017 mg P L−1 in the case of mineral P, and the current TP concentrations do not exceed 0.350 mg P L−1.
In vitro studies of temperature and pH influence on chlorophyll degradation by horseradish peroxidase: Spectroscopic and HPLC studies
Authors: Petrovic Sanja , Savic Sasa , Markovic Dejan , Petronijevic Zivomir
Published: July 2013

In vitro chlorophyll a degradation by horseradish peroxidase in the presence
of the resorcinol was investigated in this work, and the influence of pH and
temperature was particularly studied. Chlorophyll a degradation was followed
by UV-VIS and HPLC. Chlorophyll a was degraded when hydrogen peroxide was
added into reaction mixture containing chlorophyll fraction, horseradish
peroxidase, resorcinol and phosphate buffer. HPLC analysis has identified the
main degradation product of chlorophyll a as 132 -hydroxychlorophyll a. The
degradation was traced at different temperatures and pH values. The
increasing temperatures led to increase of chlorophyll a degradation, with a
maximum at 37 ?C. The degradation also increased with increasing pH values,
reaching maximum at pH 6.
Quantitation of ellagic acid in blackberries
Authors: Djuric Milena , Maskovic Pavle , Murtic Senad , Veljkovic Biljana , Curcic Srecko , Paunovic Gorica , Rakocevic Boskovic
Published: July 2013

The objective of this study was to evaluate the content of ellagic acid in
blackberries, as well as in the juice of different blackberry cultivars
obtained using a specific technology. The analysis of the ellagic acid
content in the test samples was performed using the high-pressure liquid
chromatography with diode-array detection (HPLC-DAD). Results showed
considerable variations in ellagic acid content in the test blackberry fruit
samples, the highest being determined in the fruit of the blackberry-
raspberry hybrid cv. 'Tayberry' (54.794 mg/100 g fresh weight), and the
lowest in blackberry cv. 'Cacanska Bestrna' (1.852 mg/100 g fresh weight).
The ellagic acid content in the 'Tayberry' juice produced using the specific
technology was very high and almost identical to that in fruits.
Effect of age at gonadectomy on the probability of dogs becoming overweight
Authors: Lefebvre Sandra L. , Yang Mingyin , Wang Mansen , Elliott Denise A. , Buff Preston R. , Lund Elizabeth M.
Published: July 2013

Objective—To determine whether gonadectomy or age at gonadectomy was associated with the risk that dogs would subsequently become overweight.

Design—Retrospective cohort study.

Animals—1,930 dogs gonadectomized between 1998 and 2001 at ≤ 6 months of age (n = 782), > 6 months to ≤ 1 year of age (861), or > 1 to ≤ 5 years of age (287) and 1,669 sexually intact dogs.

Procedures—Dogs were followed-up through medical records for ≥ 10 years or until a diagnosis of overweight (defined as overweight, obese, or having a body condition score ≥ 4/5) was recorded. Information extracted included age at study entry, sex, breed, breed-size category, hospital visit frequency, and diagnosis (yes or no) of overweight or diseases that might affect body condition. Relative risk of a diagnosis of overweight was assessed among age groups of gonadectomized dogs and between gonadectomized and sexually intact dogs.

Results—No difference was detected among dogs grouped according to age at gonadectomy with respect to the risk of being overweight. This risk was significantly greater in gonadectomized dogs than in sexually intact dogs, but only during the first 2 years after gonadectomy. Sexually intact male dogs were approximately 40% less likely to have this diagnosis (hazard ratio, 0.61; 95% confidence interval, 0.52 to 0.72) than were sexually intact female dogs; no difference in risk between the sexes was evident for gonadectomized dogs.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Gonadectomized dogs had a greater risk of being overweight than did sexually intact dogs, but this risk was not influenced by age at gonadectomy. Opportunities exist for veterinarians to provide counseling during the first years after gonadectomy to help dogs maintain a healthy weight.
Main Micro-Jet Cooling Gases for Steel Welding
Authors: Węgrzyn T. , Piwnik J. , Łazarz B. , Hadrys D.
Published: July 2013

An article presents actual information about innovate welding technology with micro-jet cooling. There are put down information about gases that could be chosen for micro-jet process. There were given information about influence of various micro-jet gases on metallographic structure of steel welds.
Effect of Tool Shape on Temperature Field in Friction Stir Spot Welding
Authors: Lacki P. , Kucharczyk Z. , Śliwa R.E. , Gałaczyński T.
Published: July 2013

Friction stir welding (FSW) is one of the youngest methods of metal welding. Metals and its alloys are joined in a solid state at temperature lower than melting points of the joined materials. The method is constantly developed and friction stir spot welding (FSSW) is one of its varieties. In the friction stir spot welding process a specially designed tool is brought into rotation and plunged, straight down, in the joined materials. Heat is generated as a result of friction between the tool and materials, and plastic deformation of the joined materials. Softening (plastic zone) of the joined materials occurs. Simultaneously the materials are stirred. After removal of the tool, cooling down the stirred materials create a solid state joint.

Numerical simulation of the process was carried out with the ADINA System based on the finite element method (FEM). The problem was considered as an axisymmetric one. A thermal and plastic material model was assumed for Al 6061-T6. Frictional heat was generated on the contact surfaces between the tool and the joined elements. The model of Coulomb friction, in which the friction coefficient depends on the temperature, was used.

An influence of the tool geometry on heat generation in the welded materials was analysed. The calculations were carried out for different radiuses of the tool stem and for different angles of the abutment. Temperature distributions in the welded materials as a function of the process duration assuming a constant value of rotational tool speed and the speed of tool plunge were determined. Additionally, the effect of the stem radius and its height on the maximum temperature was analysed. The influence of tool geometry parameters on the temperature field and the temperature gradient in the welded materials was shown. It is important regarding the final result of FSSW.
Thermodynamic analysis of the double Brayton cycle with the use of oxy combustion and capture of CO2
Authors: Ziółkowski Paweł , Zakrzewski Witold , Kaczmarczyk Oktawia , Badur Janusz
Published: July 2013

In this paper, thermodynamic analysis of a proposed innovative double Brayton cycle with the use of oxy combustion and capture of CO2, is presented. For that purpose, the computation flow mechanics (CFM) approach has been developed. The double Brayton cycle (DBC) consists of primary Brayton and secondary inverse Brayton cycle. Inversion means that the role of the compressor and the gas turbine is changed and firstly we have expansion before compression. Additionally, the workingfluid in the DBC with the use of oxy combustion and CO2 capture contains a great amount of H2O and CO2, and the condensation process of steam (H2O) overlaps in negative pressure conditions. The analysis has been done for variants values of the compression ratio, which determines the lowest pressure in the double Brayton cycle.
The Appropriateness of the Helical Axis Technique and Six Available Cardan Sequences for the Representation of 3-D Lead Leg Kinematics During the Fencing Lunge
Authors: Sinclair Jonathan , Taylor Paul J , Bottoms Lindsay
Published: July 2013

Cardan/Euler angles represent the most common technique for the quantification of segmental rotations. Cardan angles are influenced by their ordered sequence, and sensitive to planar-cross talk from the dominant rotation plane, which may affect the angular parameters. The International Society of Biomechanics (ISB) currently recommends a sagittal, coronal, and then transverse (XYZ) ordered sequence, although it has been proposed that when quantifying non-sagittal rotations this may not be the most appropriate technique. This study examined the influence of the helical and six available Cardan sequences on lower extremity three-dimensional (3-D) kinematics of the lead leg during the fencing lunge. Kinematic data were obtained using a 3-D motion capture system as participants completed simulated lunges. Repeated measures ANOVAs were used to compare discrete kinematic parameters, and intraclass correlations were also utilized to determine evidence of planar crosstalk. The results indicate that in all three planes of rotation, peak angle and range of motion angles using the YXZ and ZXY sequences were significantly greater than the other sequences. It was also noted that the utilization of the YXZ and ZXY sequences was associated with the strongest correlations from the sagittal plane, and the XYZ sequence was found habitually to be associated with the lowest correlations. It appears that for accurate representation of 3-D kinematics of the lead leg during the fencing lunge, the XYZ sequence is the most appropriate and as such its continued utilization is encouraged.
Anticipatory Postural Adjustments in Dart Throwing
Authors: Juras Grzegorz , Słomka Kajetan
Published: July 2013

The aim of this study was to explore the effects of accuracy constraints on the characteristics of anticipatory postural adjustments (APA) in a task that involves a movement consisting of a controlled phase and a ballistic phase. It was hypothesized that APA scaling with task parameters (target size) would be preserved even when the task is performed by muscles that have no direct effects on APA. Sixteen healthy right handed subjects participated in the study. All participants had no prior experience in dart throwing. Subjects’ average age was 24.1 ± 1.9 years. A force platform and a motion capture system were used to register kinetics of the body and kinematics of the throwing arm and throwing accuracy. The experiment consisted of six series of twenty consecutive dart throws to a specified target. Target sizes (T2-T6) were set at 25%, 50%, 75%, 125% and 150% of target 1 (T1) initially set as the spread of the last 20 throws in a 50 throw training session. This allowed to distinguish six indexes of difficulty (ID’s) ranging from 2,9 to 5,9. A one-way ANOVA for repeated measures was used for statistical analysis. Results of ANOVA showed a significant effect of target size at Constant Error but no effect at APA time. There were also no significant differences between hit and miss throws. From a control perspective, it can be stated that changes in central commands did not lead to changes in APA time in the analyzed motor task.
Existence and uniqueness of a complex fractional system with delay
Authors: Ibrahim Rabha , Jalab Hamid
Published: July 2013

Chaotic complex systems are utilized to characterize thermal convection of liquid flows and emulate the physics of lasers. This paper deals with the time-delay of a complex fractional-order Liu system. We have examined its chaos, computed numerical solutions and established the existence and uniqueness of those solutions. Ultimately, we have presented some examples.
On the derivative chain-rules in fractional calculus via fractional difference and their application to systems modelling
Authors: Jumarie Guy
Published: July 2013

It has been pointed out that the derivative chains rules in fractional differential calculus via fractional calculus are not quite satisfactory as far as they can yield different results which depend upon how the formula is applied, that is to say depending upon where is the considered function and where is the function of function. The purpose of the present short note is to display some comments (which might be clarifying to some readers) on the matter. This feature is basically related to the non-commutativity of fractional derivative on the one hand, and furthermore, it is very close to the physical significance of the systems under consideration on the other hand, in such a manner that everything is right so. As an example, it is shown that the trivial first order system may have several fractional modelling depending upon the way by which it is observed. This suggests some rules to construct the fractional models of standard dynamical systems, in as meaningful a model as possible. It might happen that this pitfall comes from the feature that a function which is continuous everywhere, but is nowhere differentiable, exhibits random-like features.
Electro-chemical manifestation of nanoplasmonics in fractal media
Authors: Baskin Emmanuel , Iomin Alexander
Published: July 2013

Electrodynamics of composite materials with fractal geometry is studied in the framework of fractional calculus. This consideration establishes a link between fractal geometry of the media and fractional integrodifferentiation. The photoconductivity in the vicinity of the electrode-electrolyte fractal interface is studied. The methods of fractional calculus are employed to obtain an analytical expression for the giant local enhancement of the optical electric field inside the fractal composite structure at the condition of the surface plasmon excitation. This approach makes it possible to explain experimental data on photoconductivity in the nano-electrochemistry.
Ukrepi Za Zmanjšanje Tveganega In Škodljivega Pitja Alkohola V Populaciji Študentov: Sistematični Pregled Literature / Measures to Reduce Risky and Heavy Alcohol Drinking in the Population of Students: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Makivić Irena , Kersnik Janko , Kolšek Marko
Published: July 2013

Izvleček

Izhodišča: Pitje alkohola je precej velik slovenski problem; še posebej so izpostavljeni mladi pivci. Pomembne so preventivne in intervencijske metode v populaciji študentov, a v Sloveniji to področje še ni dovolj razvito. Sistematični pregled literature ponuja vpogled v raziskovanje tega problema drugod po svetu in osvetljuje to področje pri nas.

Metode: Iz treh različnih baz (PubMED, Cochrane in PsychINFO) smo s pomočjo ključnih besed (alcohol drinking/ consumption/abuse, prevention and control, students, intervention(s)) izbrali izvirne članke v angleškem jeziku. Nanašali so se na mlade, stare od 18 do 25 let; obravnavali so vedenje glede pitja alkohola in vsebovali preventivne ali intervencijske dejavnosti.

Rezultati: Za prenos intervencij moramo poznati okolje, družbo in družbeni razvoj. Za učinkovite ukrepe so se pokazali: presejanje, kratki ukrepi ob ugotovljenem tveganem pitju (individualni in prek svetovnega spleta), motivacijski razgovori, spodbujanje mladih k idejam o nepitju alkohola, nadzor nad porabo alkohola znotraj študentskih naselij, povišanje cen alkoholnih pijač, omejitev oglaševanja in reorganizacija vplivov na spremembe vrednot, ki vplivajo na porabo alkohola.

Zaključki: Specifičnost mlade/študentske populacije predstavlja izziv in dobro naložbo za prihodnost.
Structure Analysis of the Modified Cast Metal Matrix Composites by Use of the Rve Theory
Authors: Kurtyka P. , Rylko N.
Published: July 2013

The paper presents applications of a new theory of the representative volume element (RVE) based on the Mityushev- Eisenstein-Rayleigh sums (M-sums) to describe particle-reinforced composites. This theory is applied to study F3K.10S metal matrix composites reinforced SiC particles. The most important M-sum e2 is calculated for the initial state as e2 = -0.00206281. This shows considerable heterogeneity of distribution of reinforcing particles and its anisotropic properties. Further, the results are compared with the results obtained by the FSP. It is established that the use of a single FSP process causes a significant change in the distribution of particles reinforcing phase when the value e2 becomes 3.19488. It follows from Mityushev’s theory that e2=π corresponds to isotropic distributions. The article confirms that the new RVE theory resolves the problem of the constructive pure geometrical description of the properties of composites. Further work requires the optimization and extension of the theory to three-dimensional models.
History and identity across small islands: a Caribbean and a personal journey
Authors: Baldacchino Godfrey
Published: July 2013

This paper is largely autobiographical: I chart my own intellectual journey across the history, culture and identity of so-called `small` islands, with a special reference to the Caribbean. To do so, I reflect on my own forays into literature that discussed Caribbean history and culture; my own research experience in Barbados in connection with my doctoral research; and coming up to the present with insights that have emerged in the pursuit of an island studies imagination in my professional work. The paper concludes with a calling, and a justification, for the pursuit of island studies.
Mass balance in the Glacier Bay area of Alaska, USA, and British Columbia, Canada, 1995–2011, using airborne laser altimetry
Authors: Johnson Austin J. , Larsen Christopher F. , Murphy Nathaniel , Arendt Anthony A. , Zirnheld S. Lee
Published: July 2013

The Glacier Bay region of southeast Alaska, USA, and British Columbia, Canada, has undergone major glacier retreat since the Little Ice Age (LIA). We used airborne laser altimetry elevation data acquired between 1995 and 2011 to estimate the mass loss of the Glacier Bay region over four time periods (1995–2000, 2000–05, 2005–09, 2009–11). For each glacier, we extrapolated from center-line profiles to the entire glacier to estimate glacier-wide mass balance, and then averaged these results over the entire region using three difference methods (normalized elevation, area-weighted method and simple average). We found that there was large interannual variability of the mass loss since 1995 compared with the long-term (post-LIA) average. For the full period (1995–2011) the average mass loss was 3.93 ± 0.89 Gt a−1 (0.6 ± 0.1 m w.e. a−1), compared with 17.8 Gt a−1 for the post-LIA (1770–1948) rate. Our mass loss rate is consistent with GRACE gravity signal changes for the 2003–10 period. Our results also show that there is a lower bias due to center-line profiling than was previously found by a digital elevation model difference method.
Identification of snow ablation rate, ELA, AAR and net mass balance using transient snowline variations on two Arctic glaciers
Authors: Mernild Sebastian H. , Pelto Mauri , Malmros Jeppe K. , Yde Jacob C. , Knudsen Niels T. , Hanna Edward
Published: July 2013

Identification of the transient snowline (TSL) from high spatial resolution Landsat imagery on Lemon Creek Glacier (LCG), southeast Alaska, USA, and Mittivakkat Gletscher (MG), southeast Greenland, is used to determine snow ablation rates, the equilibrium-line altitude (ELA) and the accumulation-area ratio (AAR). The rate of rise of the TSL during the ablation season on a glacier where the balance gradient is known provides a measure of the snow ablation rate. On both LCG and MG, snow pits were completed in regions that the TSL subsequently transects. This further provides a direct measure of the snow ablation rates for a particular year. TSL observations from multiple dates during the ablation season from 1998 to 2011 at LCG and 1999 to 2012 at MG were used to explore the consistency of the TSL rise and snow ablation rate. On LCG and MG the satellite-derived mean TSL migration rates were 3.8 ± 0.6 and 9.4 ± 9.1 m d−1, respectively. The snow ablation rates were 0.028 ± 0.004 m w.e. d−1 for LCG and 0.051 ± 0.018 m w.e. d−1 for MG estimated by applying a TSL–mass-balance-gradient method, and 0.031 ± 0.004 and 0.047 ± 0.019 m w.e. d−1 by applying a snow-pit–satellite method, illustrating significant agreement between the two different approaches for both field sites. Also, satellite-derived ELA and AAR, and estimated net mass-balance (Ba) conditions were in agreement with observed ELA, AAR and Ba conditions for LCG and MG.
Dental Technique Improves Smile and Confidence: A Case Report of Post-Traumatic Discoloured Teeth-30 Month Follow Up
Authors: Beauty SS , Moral AA , Alam MS
Published: July 2013

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjdre.v2i1.15576 Bangladesh Journal of Dental Research & Education Vol.2(1) 2012: 29-30
Comments on Rithidech, K.N.; et al. Lack of Genomic Instability in Bone Marrow Cells of SCID Mice Exposed Whole-Body to Low-Dose Radiation. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2013, 10, 1356–1377
Authors: Baverstock Keith
Published: July 2013

I would like to take issue with Rithidech et al., authors of the paper entitled “Lack of genomic instability in mice at low doses” [1] who claim to have shown that their results on the measurement of late occurring chromosome aberrations after irradiation of SCID mice with X-rays show that lower doses (0.05 Gy) do not induce genomic instability. Their earlier work at higher doses (0.1 and 1.0 Gy) on the same strain of mouse indicated that de novo chromosome aberrations were detected at 6 months post-irradiation. This was taken, almost certainly correctly, to be an indication of the presence of genomic instability: late appearing chromosome damage, as the authors note, seems to be a reliable indicator of the process. The lack of de novo chromosome aberrations at 6 months post-irradiation, however, cannot be taken as evidence of the absence of genomic instability. In drawing their conclusion of a “lack of genomic instability ….” the authors have committed two category errors.
Transformation Volume Effects on Shape Memory Alloys
Authors: Chernenko Volodymyr , L'vov Victor , Cesari Eduard , Kosogor Anna , Barandiaran Jose
Published: July 2013

It is generally accepted that the martensitic transformations (MTs) in the shape memory alloys (SMAs) are mainly characterized by the shear deformation of the crystal lattice that arises in the course of MT, while a comparatively small volume change during MT is considered as the secondary effect, which can be disregarded when the basic characteristics of MTs and functional properties of SMAs are analyzed. This point of view is a subject to change nowadays due to the new experimental and theoretical findings. The present article elucidates (i) the newly observed physical phenomena in different SMAs in their relation to the volume effect of MT; (ii) the theoretical analysis of the aforementioned volume-related phenomena.
Biosynthesis of Panaxynol and Panaxydol in Panax ginseng
Authors: Knispel Nihat , Ostrozhenkova Elena , Schramek Nicholas , Huber Claudia , Peña-Rodríguez Luis , Bonfill Mercedes , Palazón Javier , Wischmann Gesine , Cusidó Rosa , Eisenreich Wolfgang
Published: July 2013

The natural formation of the bioactive C17-polyacetylenes (−)-(R)-panaxynol and panaxydol was analyzed by 13C-labeling experiments. For this purpose, plants of Panax ginseng were supplied with 13CO2 under field conditions or, alternatively, sterile root cultures of P. ginseng were supplemented with [U-13C6]glucose. The polyynes were isolated from the labeled roots or hairy root cultures, respectively, and analyzed by quantitative NMR spectroscopy. The same mixtures of eight doubly 13C-labeled isotopologues and one single labeled isotopologue were observed in the C17-polyacetylenes obtained from the two experiments. The polyketide-type labeling pattern is in line with the biosynthetic origin of the compounds via decarboxylation of fatty acids, probably of crepenynic acid. The 13C-study now provides experimental evidence for the biosynthesis of panaxynol and related polyacetylenes in P. ginseng under in planta conditions as well as in root cultures. The data also show that 13CO2 experiments under field conditions are useful to elucidate the biosynthetic pathways of metabolites, including those from roots.
Protection of Astaxanthin in Astaxanthin Nanodispersions Using Additional Antioxidants
Authors: Anarjan Navideh , Nehdi Imededdine , Tan Chin
Published: July 2013

The protective effects of α-tocopherol and ascorbic acid on astaxanthin in astaxanthin nanodispersions produced via a solvent-diffusion technique and stabilized by a three-component stabilizer system, were studied either individually or in combination by using response surface methodology. Generally, both α-tocopherol and ascorbic acid could retard the astaxanthin degradation in astaxanthin nanodispersions. The results showed that the using α-tocopherol and ascorbic acid can be more efficient in increasing the chemical stability of nanodispersions in comparison to using them individually. Using a response surface methodology (RSM) response optimizer, it was seen that addition of ascorbic acid (ascorbic acid/astaxanthin w/w) and α-tocopherol (α-tocopherol/astaxanthin w/w) in proportions of 0.4 and 0.6, respectively, would give the maximum chemical stability to the studied astaxanthin nanodispersions.
Évolution comparée de la productivité dans l'industrie en divers pays. — Essai de mesure
Authors: Cahen Lucienne
Published: July 2013

Difficulté des comparaisons internationales, en raison du manque d'homogénéité des séries statistiques et des nomenclatures — difficulté accrue dans le cas de la mesure de la productivité, qui est définie comme un rapport.

Essai de calcul d'indices de productivité par heure de travail (base 100 en 1950) relativement comparables en France, Allemagne Occidentale, Grande-Bretagne et États-Unis, mais limités à un certain nombre de branches industrielles — comparaison de ces indices avec les indices étendus à toute l'industrie dans les différents pays. Calcul d'indices de productivité par heure ouvrée pour chaque branche d'industrie.

Dans l'ensemble, tous les indices sont croissants, mais la croissance est plus rapide en France et en Allemagne Occidentale, pays qui rattrapent actuellement le retard dû à la guerre et aux destructions, qu'en Grande-Bretagne et aux Etats-Unis. Les indices de branches sont également en hausse, mais, de façon générale, les industries d'équipement enregistrent des gains de productivité plus élevés que certaines industries de consommation comme le cuir ou les textiles.
Les perspectives économiques en France pour le deuxième semestre 1956 d'après les chefs d'entreprises
Authors: Jankeliowitch R.
Published: July 2013

Les chefs d'entreprises demeurent assez optimistes au sujet de l'activité économique pendant le prochain semestre. Les perspectives de production sont presque les mêmes qu'il y a six mois dans la plupart des secteurs, et meilleures qu'alors dans le textile.

Les inquiétudes portent principalement sur les possibilités d'exportation et sur la pénurie de main-d'œuvre qui freine actuellement l'activité d'une large fraction de l'industrie française. Les prévisions de hausse modérée des prix sont plus généralisées qu'à la fin de 1955.
Le budget familial en Allemagne occidentale, aux Pays-Bas et en France
Authors: Devaux Andrée
Published: July 2013

L'amélioration du niveau de vie des salariés en Allemagne Occidentale est mise en évidence par l'analyse des budgets de familles, soumis à une observation régulière depuis 1950. L'accroissement très sensible du revenu a permis aux salariés, tout en améliorant leur consommation alimentaire en qualité, de développer très sensiblement leurs achats d'équipement ménager et de consacrer une plus grande part de leurs ressources aux distractions et aux vacances.

On enregistre également aux Pays-Bas une évolution favorable du niveau de vie, qui se traduit notamment par une diminution de la part des dépenses alimentaires et une amélioration des habitudes diététiques ; le standard de l'habitat, déjà élevé avant la guerre a encore progressé ces dernières années, mais il semble que le coût du logement pèse assez lourdement sur les budgets de certaines familles ouvrières.

En France, les budgets de famille de 1954 font également ressortir un progrès sensible : la part des dépenses affectée à l'alimentation est en recul, celles de l'équipement ménager, des soins médicaux, des moyens de transport personnels s'élèvent. En raison du problème du logement, de nombreuses familles ne sont cependant pas encore en mesure de satisfaire leurs aspirations en matière de confort du foyer.
Un juge de Xanthos à Angeira de Pisidie
Authors: Bousquet Jean , Gauthier Philippe
Published: July 2013

Découvert au Létôon et honorant un juge venu de Xanthos, le décret publié ici (IIe siècle a.C.) émane d'une cité jusqu'à présent inconnue de nous, Angeira ; le rapprochement avec Cicéron, De Lege Agraria II, 19, 50, permet de la situer en Pisidie orientale. Commentaire sur l'activité du juge à Angeira, à qui l'on avait demandé de juger «par le moyen de sentences» (apophaseis).
À propos de la tradition manuscrite du livre IV des Antiquités Romaines de Denys d'Halicarnasse
Authors: Fromentin Valérie
Published: July 2013

Le livre III marque une rupture dans la tradition manuscrite des Antiquités romaines. Alors que l'édition des livres I et II se fonde sur quatre témoins (le Chisianus R VIII 60, l'Urbinas gr. 105, le Marcianus gr. 372 et la première version de la traduction latine de Lapus Biragus), pour les livres III et IV le Marcianus et la traduction latine ne présentent plus de témoignages nouveaux par rapport au Chisianus et à l'Urbinas et doivent donc être écartés.
Médecine et enseignement dans l'Art médical de Galien
Authors: Boudon-Millot Véronique
Published: July 2013

Ce traité destiné aux étudiants s'ouvre sur un prologue d'environ deux pages dont l'interprétation est restée très longtemps controversée. Faut-il continuer de l'aborder uniquement comme l'exposé des conceptions de Galien sur la méthode, et identifier les trois modes d'enseignement énumérés par Galien sous les noms d'analyse, de synthèse et d'éclatement de la définition avec des modes de démonstration de type aristotélicien ? Vraisemblablement pas, car il s'agit en réalité d'abord d'une réflexion sur les moyens d'enseigner la médecine et sur les différentes démarches à proposer aux étudiants.
Philopœmen, Hannibal, Scipion : trois vies parallèles chez Polybe
Authors: Foulon Éric
Published: July 2013

Polybe est le premier historien à avoir établi des parallèles entre personnages. Et il a poussé l'expérience jusqu'à sa limite extrême en comparant trois personnages à la fois, Philopœmen, Hannibal, Scipion, qui sont les trois héros d'exception chers à son cœur. Cette comparaison à trois termes — tour de force du Mégalopolitain qu'il faut reconnaître et saluer, car c'est une chose presque étrangère à la pensée antique — tantôt explicite, tantôt implicite, parcourt les Histoires qu'elle contribue à structurer. Par ailleurs, ce triple parallèle permet à l'auteur de rassembler dans une même vénération ses trois héros de prédilection constitués en une triade/trinité au sein de laquelle ils s'exaltent et se glorifient l'un l'autre.
Réflexions sur la sculpture grecque
Authors: Chamoux François
Published: July 2013

A propos de quatre ouvrages récents, qui sont envisagés avec une sympathie critique, l'auteur présente quelques remarques générales de méthode. Il souligne le caractère arbitraire, dans bien des cas, des reconstitutions qui cherchent à retrouver l'œuvre des sculpteurs grecs à partir de bases stylistiques ténues et incertaines. Il préconise la rédaction de catalogues savants (comme celui du Louvre, qui commence à paraître) et de monographies sur des thèmes bien définis. Il rappelle que l'archéologie figurée, quand elle fait usage des textes, qu'ils soient épigraphiques ou littéraires, doit se montrer très attentive aux données et aux règles de la philologie.
Récit d'une éducation amoureuse et discours panégyrique dans les Éphésiaques de Xénophon d'Éphèse : le romanesque antitragique et l'art de l'Amour
Authors: Laplace Marcelle
Published: July 2013

Ce récit cohérent, à l'éloge de l'Amour, qui combine les fables et thèmes platoniciens et les légendes dramatiques, relate les péripéties par lesquelles l'art de l'Amour s'exerce sur Habrocomès et Antheia à partir d'une panégyrie, et leur ménage un destin qui, évitant la tragédie, leur apporte cependant peurs et épreuves répétées, avant de les mener vers une vie de fête dans le mariage.