bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ictal Asystole During Focal Seizures Due to Left Occipital Glioneuronal Tumor: A Report of Case Treated With Cardiac Neuromodulation
Authors: Guney Tuba , Demirel Mert , Celebi Ulufer , Aytemir Kudret , Tezer F. Irsel , Coteli Cem , Yorgun Hikmet , Saygi Serap
Published: February 2024

Ictal asystole (IA) is a rare but potentially life-threatening complication of focal epilepsy. The sudden onset of loss of consciousness and drop attacks in a patient with chronic epilepsy should suggest the possibility of this complication. Once the diagnosis is established, rapid management should be considered, especially in high-risk cases. The approach does not differ between temporal and extratemporal lobe epilepsies. Strategies can be aimed at preventing the emergence of cortical epileptic activity from the beginning (surgery, antiseizure therapy), neutralizing negative chronotropic effects on the heart (cardiac neuromodulation), or restarting the heart rhythm with a pacemaker. Pacemaker implantation is not a completely complication-free treatment, and living with a device that requires care and follow-up throughout life makes alternative treatment methods more valid for young patients with many years to live or cases that could benefit from surgery. In this article, we present a patient with a left occipital glioneuronal tumor and drug-resistant occipital lobe epilepsy. IA was documented by long-term video EEG monitoring (VEM). During about 2 years of follow-up after a cardiac neuromodulation procedure, there were no drop attacks or asystole with seizures, confirmed by long-term VEM.
Documenting the Divine: The Future of Sacred Objects in Museum Databases
Authors: Cieslik Emma
Published: February 2024

Religiosity as a modicum of meaning surrounding and within objects has raised ethical issues ever since people began collecting, especially as some of the first works of art were commissioned by religious practitioners or for religious purposes. In the twenty-first century, as curators and collections specialists grapple with the religious and cultural trauma surrounding the looting and unethical collecting of objects with inherent spiritual and sacred value, this article explores the implications of this value and meaning in our museum databases. How do museums care for objects that are themselves non-human living beings, spirits, and/or ancestors and how do they care for objects whose legacies of creation, contact, and engagement affect the ways in which they can be displayed or preserved? This article utilizes a case study of Catholic relics to explore how collections specialists catalog their value, both historical and spiritual, and how it affects the ways in which they are touched, treated, and housed.
Provisional Semantics: Addressing the Challenges of Representing Multiple Perspectives Within Public Collections
Authors: Dalal-Clayton Anjalie , Rutherford Ananda
Published: February 2024

This paper presents a reflective account of the AHRC-funded Provisional Semantics project, which focused on how museums and heritage organizations might produce search terms, catalogue entries and interpretation using ethical and equitable practices, particularly in relation to the artworks and histories of racialized and minoritized people, and in the context of a digitized national collection. As the project developed, the emphasis shifted toward a more fundamental enquiry into whether these objectives were achievable, given the structural racism and colonial logics inherent in the museum project and its conventions, histories, and infrastructure. Through a critical discussion of the project’s three case studies, the paper considers the following questions: what happens when we change words and clean data as a putative solution to problematic cataloguing? Can museums genuinely, equitably, and ethically represent multivocality? Why is embedded change in attitudes and behaviors hard to achieve and slow to happen? And is sector guidance for research and documentation fit for purpose in terms of genuine knowledge co-production and engagement?
Hybrid (Digital/Water Seal) Chest Drainage System – An Innovative Device for Patients with Anticipated Air Leaks
Authors: Le Uyen-Thao , Hümmler Nicolas , Greiser Frank , Tullius-Modlmeier René , Benitz Marion , Passlick Bernward
Published: February 2024

Background

To date, several chest drainage systems are available, such as digital drainage systems (DDS) and traditional systems with continuous suction or water seal. However, none of these systems were yet shown to be favorable in the treatment of complex situations such as persistent air leaks or residual spaces. We present in-vitro as well as clinical data of a novel hybrid drainage system consisting of an optimized digital drainage system (ODDS) and an underwater seal drainage system (UWSD).

Methods

For in-vitro analysis, a DDS and an ODDS were connected to a pleural cavity simulator. Different air leaks were produced and data on intrapleural pressure and air flow were analyzed. Furthermore, we tested the hybrid drainage system in 10 patients with potential air leaks after pulmonary surgery.

Results

In in-vitro analysis, we could show, that with advanced pump technology, pressure fluctuations caused by the drainage system when trying to maintain a set pressure level in patients with airleaks were much smaller when using an ODDS and could even be eliminated when using a fluid collection canister with sufficient buffer capacity. This minimized air leak boosts caused by the drainage system. Optimizing the auto-pressure regulation algorithms also led to a reduced airflow through the fistula and promoted rest. Switching to a passive UWSD also reduced the amount of airflow. Clinical application of the hybrid drainage system yielded promising results.

Conclusion

The novel hybrid drainage system shows promising results in the treatment of patients with complex clinical situations such as persistent air leaks.
Biomechanical Stability of Diaphyseal Ulnar Shaft Fractures and Ulnar Shortening Osteotomies After Fixation
Authors: Dittman Lauren E. , Hinchcliff Katharine M. , Hooke Alexander W. , Kakar Sanjeev
Published: February 2024

Background:

To determine the amount of micromotion during forearm rotation after diaphyseal ulnar shaft fracture or osteotomy.

Methods:

This was a biomechanical study using 7 paired-matched cadavers. The upper extremity was mounted in a custom rig and the forearm brought through full pronation and supination. A Hall effect sensor was placed at the fracture ends to measure micromotion for all tested conditions. There were 4 conditions tested: (1) intact ulnar shaft with plate to act as a control; (2) transverse fracture/osteotomy without stabilization; (3) fracture/osteotomy with cortical apposition stabilized with plate fixation; and (4) 50% comminuted fracture stabilized with plate.

Results:

There was a significantly greater amount of fracture site motion in the fracture/osteotomy model without stabilization compared with all other tested conditions ( P < .001, .0001, .0003, respectively). The fracture/osteotomy site with cortical apposition and the comminuted fracture models showed no statistically significant differences in the amount of micromotion compared with each another ( P = .952) or compared with the intact ulnar shaft ( P = .997, .889, respectively).

Conclusions:

There was no significant difference in the amount of motion between an intact ulnar shaft, an ulnar shaft fracture with cortical apposition stabilized with a plate, and a plated comminuted fracture. These findings may help surgeons decide on their type of postoperative immobilization in the setting of isolated ulnar shaft fractures or ulnar shaft osteotomies stabilized with plate fixation.
A method for fast reconstruction of closed section workpiece surface using point clouds
Authors: Li Pei-Yao , Song De-Ning , Li Jing-Hua , Zhou Lei , Ma Jian-Wei
Published: February 2024

Parameterized reconstruction of workpiece surfaces is a critical step for advanced manufacturing applications, such as the solving of machining parameters, and the expression of workpiece in situ measurement. Generally, the point clouds model is easy to obtain and can be seen as the source model of the workpiece, and the B-spline surface is always taken as the ideal target parameterized model. Existing research focuses on reconstructing the single-valued surface, which can be projected onto a spatial plane without overlapping. However, the dual-valued surface, which overlaps at least twice, is also commonly encountered in industry, and has few investigations. Therefore, this paper proposes a fast reconstruction method based on reasonable segmentation and parameter domain mapping. In this approach, first, the dual-valued point clouds model is segmented into multiple single-valued point clouds models according to the sought edges in the optimal attitude. Then, the grid point coordinates of the single-valued point clouds model are calculated using the parametric-domain moving least squares method. Finally, the B-spline surface is generated by interpolating these grid points. The proposed algorithm is applied to single-bending closed-section workpieces such as the turbine blade to illustrate the effectiveness of this method. The contrast results with existing method demonstrate that the proposed approach can reconstruct the workpiece with multi-valued surfaces more quickly and more accurately, which is significant in advanced manufacturing.
Enthusiasm versus reality: A job analysis of Chinese sport scientists
Authors: Zhong Yuming , Weldon Anthony , Dwyer Dan , Bishop Chris , Li Yongming
Published: February 2024

The aim of this study was to survey Chinese sport scientists to develop an understanding of their demographics, job characteristics, future career intentions, and opinions. This study adapted online survey and used convenience sampling to investigate the role of sport scientists across China. Ninety-seven practitioners across 18 provinces/municipalities participated in this study. Participants were typically married (70%), male (71%), aged between 30 and 39 (52%), and held a master's degree (66%). Most participants were employed full time (90%) by sport science institutes (66%), with a wide salary range, long working hours (≈48 hours per week), and irregular working time (40%). Most participants remained at the same institute (85%) throughout their careers. The most frequent reason why sport scientists remained in their current position was “ job enjoyment” (4.04/5). The most frequently reported issue encountered by participants was “ opinion differences with sport coaches” (21%). The ability to “gain trust” and “communication” were deemed important in the role of a sport scientist. Approximately half (44%) of the participants were satisfied with their current position and employer, while others wanted promotion (34%) or to leave their role (11%). The results revealed that (1) China's sport scientists are engaged in their current job mainly due to their enthusiasm, (2) their jobs are stable but highly demanding and relatively low paid. Poor working conditions and low retention are evident across Chinese sport scientist roles. Governing bodies should make efforts to improve the work conditions to improve the sustainability of sport scientist roles in the Chinese sport industry.
Early pitting fault detection for polymer gears using kurtosis-VMD based condition indicators
Authors: Kumar Anupam , Parey Anand , Kankar Pavan Kumar
Published: February 2024

The vibration signals of a polymer gear are considerably weak and susceptible to ambient noise at the early stage of the fault, which makes the fault difficult to detect. Efficient detection of an early fault in a polymer gear may improve the operation safety of the machinery system that utilizes it for power transmission. This study introduces an innovative approach for the early detection of pitting faults in polymer gears, utilizing condition indicators (CIs) derived from kurtosis-variational mode decomposition (VMD). First, the vibration signal of the polymer gear is decomposed using VMD into several components. Second, the sensitive components are selected to construct a new signal from the first two largest kurtosis values. Third, the CIs are extracted from newly constructed signals, and envelope spectrum analysis is performed. It is observed from the results that the kurtosis-VMD based CIs are effective in the early pitting fault detection of polymer gears. Finally, it is found that the proposed method performs better in all operating conditions considered in the experiment, compared with raw signal and kurtosis-empirical mode decomposition (EMD) based analysis. The proposed method’s response to noise is also explored. Furthermore, the proposed method is compared with the existing time synchronous averaging (TSA), difference, and residual methods.
Introduction to the Special Issue: “Literature and Emotion”
Authors: Irish Bradley J.
Published: February 2024

This introduces the special issue “Literature and Emotion.”
Secondary School Athletic Trainers’ Perceptions of How Youth Sport Specialization Impacts Workload
Authors: Bell David R. , Renner Madison N. , Hernandez Mayrena I. , Biese Kevin M. , Adler Stephanie , Srygler Emily
Published: February 2024

Background:

Youth sport specialization is a growing trend in youth sports and is associated with an increased risk of injuries and burnout. However, it is unknown how sport specialization is perceived to be affecting the working environment of secondary school athletic trainers (ATs). The purpose of this paper is to describe how ATs perceive youth sport specialization impacting their workload and whether they perceive it to impact patient safety.

Hypothesis:

ATs will perceive that youth sport specialization impacts their workload and could impact patient safety.

Study Design:

A sequential, explanatory mixed methods design with 2 phases: (1) cross-sectional surveys and (2) individual interviews.

Level of Evidence:

Level 3.

Methods:

A total of 487 secondary school ATs completed the online survey (access rate, 8.4%; completion rate, 85.4%). The survey consisted of Likert questions and included sections about aspects of workload impacted by specialization, impacts on patient safety, demographics. Ten participants were selected to complete a semi-structured interview via video conference.

Results:

Approximately two-thirds of ATs perceive that sport specialization impacts their workload. (Somewhat, 38.6%; Quite a bit, 25.5%; A great deal, 5.5%) Attempts to reduce or modify patient activity and a patient’s time for rehabilitation were the highest rated aspects of workload impacted by sport specialization. Approximately 30% ATs (29.9%) perceive that sport specialization impacts their workload to where it may influence patient safety (Somewhat, 21.6%; Quite a bit, 6.4%; A great deal, 1.9%). Three themes and subsequent subthemes were identified from the qualitative interviews: (1) current youth sport expectations, (2) conflict between school and club sports, and (3) AT job impacts.

Conclusion:

Secondary school ATs perceive their workload to be negatively impacted by youth sport specialization and some believe it may impact patient safety.

Clinical Relevance:

Youth sport specialization is impacting youth sport stakeholders, including ATs, in a variety of ways.
Effects of Caffeine-Taurine Co-Ingestion on Endurance Cycling Performance in High Temperature and Humidity Environments
Authors: Yu Peiqi , Fan Yongzhao , Wu Hao
Published: February 2024

Background:

Taurine (TAU) and caffeine (CAF), as common ergogenic aids, are known to affect exercise performance; however, the effects of their combined supplementation, particularly in high temperature and humidity environments, have not been studied.

Hypothesis:

The combination of TAU and CAF will have a greater effect on endurance cycle performance and improve changes in physiological indicators during exercise compared with TAU or CAF supplementation alone and placebo.

Study Design:

Single-blind crossover randomized controlled study.

Level of Evidence:

Level 1.

Methods:

Twelve university students majoring in physical education volunteered to receive 4 different supplement ingestions: (1) placebo (maltodextrin), (2) TAU, (3) CAF, (4) TAU + CAF. After a 7-day washout period, participants completed a time to exhaustion (TTE) test in the heat (35°C, 65% relative humidity).

Results:

All experimental groups improved TTE compared with the placebo group. Peak and mean power of countermovement jump were significantly higher in the CAF group compared with the placebo group before the exhaustion exercise ( P = 0.02, d = 1.2 and P = 0.04, d = 1.1, respectively). Blood lactate was significantly lower after the exhaustion test in the TAU group compared with the CAF ( P < 0.01, d = 0.8) and TAU + CAF ( P < 0.01, d = 0.7) groups. Core temperature in the TAU group was significantly reduced in the placebo group later in the exhaustion test ( P < 0.01, d = 1.9).

Conclusion:

In high temperature and humidity environments, acute TAU, CAF, and combined supplementation all improved TTE and did not affect recovery from lower limb neuromuscular fatigue compared with placebo, with TAU having the best effect. Combined supplementation failed to exhibit superimposed performance.

Clinical Relevance:

The results provide suggestions for the effects of TAU, CAF, and their combined intake on exercise performance in high temperature and humidity environments.
The contribution of the CJEU to the notion of habitual workplace in the field of international transport
Authors: Wilderspin Michael
Published: February 2024

The notion of the place (or country) in or from which the employee habitually carries out his or her work in performance of the contract of employment plays an important role in determining the allocation of international jurisdiction and the law applicable to the employment contract in the case of international transport. The CJEU has interpreted the notion of ‘where, or from where, the employee habitually carries out his or her work’ very broadly, concomitantly reducing the scope of the ‘engaging place of business’ criterion. This article shows the evolution of CJEU case law and its contribution to the development of the notion of habitual workplace in the field of international transport.
Qualitative assessment of expectations on the content, form and way of delivery of a prehabilitation programme in patients with lung resection surgery – A Swiss tertiary centre experience
Authors: Eser Prisca , Klaus Colette , Vetsch Thomas , Ernst Raphaela , Engel Dominique
Published: February 2024

Objective:

To assess the interest in a prehabilitation programme of patients awaiting lung resection and to identify expectations from such a programme.

Introduction:

At present, in Switzerland, there are no multimodal clinical prehabilitation programmes for lung resection patients awaiting surgery.

Methods:

Semi-structured face-to-face interviews were conducted with patients who have had or were awaiting lung resection at a Swiss tertiary centre. Thematic analysis was performed to identify common prespecified themes.

Results:

Twenty-two patients (45.5% female, age 70.6 ± 16.6 years) were interviewed. Seventy-seven percent were interested in a prehabilitation programme. Sixty-two percent, 67% and 90% were interested in endurance, strength and respiratory training, respectively. Six patients (27%) were active smokers, of whom two (one-third) were interested in a smoking cessation programme. Seventy-six percent were interested in nutrition counselling and 90% in receiving education on risk factor management. Forty percent preferred centre-based training/counselling sessions, 20% preferred home-based training/counselling and 30% found both forms acceptable. Patients were willing to perform prehabilitation activities on 2.6 days/week for a total of 162 min/week. Participating in peer groups was desired by only 25%.

Conclusions:

Patients with lung resection were highly interested in participating in prehabilitation, albeit only for a mean time cost of 2.7 h per week. Offering a prehabilitation programme with a combination of in-hospital group sessions and home-based training seems feasible.
Critical data studies with Latin America: Theorizing beyond data colonialism
Authors: Valente Jonas C. L. , Grohmann Rafael
Published: February 2024

The article aims to theorize about critical data studies with Latin America beyond the framework of data colonialism, arguing that the long history of social thought in the region can contribute to a more nuanced understanding of the datafication. It discusses views around dependence, oppressions, and liberation, debating how Latin American authors can be useful for current critical data studies, in a more nuanced and complex vision. It presents the theoretical contributions of Lelia Gonzalez, dependency theorists and Enrique Dussel. Dependency theorists criticize evolutionary frameworks of development and can contribute to discussions around data sovereignty and overexploitation of labor. Gonzalez contributes to a complex vision of Amefrica Ladina, articulating multiple forms of oppression. Enrique Dussel presents a theory of technology considering totality and proposes an ethics of liberation that can be related to alternatives toward data justice and data commons. All theoretical frameworks contribute to thinking about datafication with Latin America not as an isolated phenomenon, but in relation to other countries in the world, and as an analytical key for the construction of alternatives. All perspectives are related to current debates on critical data studies and can make an important contribution to the construction of critical theories about data that consider Latin America also as a site of knowledge production.
Controversies, contradiction, and “participation” in AI
Authors: Sloane Mona
Published: February 2024

This commentary examines the inherent contradictions between participation in artificial intelligence (AI), controversy studies, and AI narratives.
Prediction and explainability in AI: Striking a new balance?
Authors: Raz Aviad , Heinrichs Bert , Avnoon Netta , Eyal Gil , Inbar Yael
Published: February 2024

The debate regarding prediction and explainability in artificial intelligence (AI) centers around the trade-off between achieving high-performance accurate models and the ability to understand and interpret the decisionmaking process of those models. In recent years, this debate has gained significant attention due to the increasing adoption of AI systems in various domains, including healthcare, finance, and criminal justice. While prediction and explainability are desirable goals in principle, the recent spread of high accuracy yet opaque machine learning (ML) algorithms has highlighted the trade-off between the two, marking this debate as an inter-disciplinary, inter-professional arena for negotiating expertise. There is no longer an agreement about what should be the “default” balance of prediction and explainability, with various positions reflecting claims for professional jurisdiction. Overall, there appears to be a growing schism between the regulatory and ethics-based call for explainability as a condition for trustworthy AI, and how it is being designed, assimilated, and negotiated. The impetus for writing this commentary comes from recent suggestions that explainability is overrated, including the argument that explainability is not guaranteed in human healthcare experts either. To shed light on this debate, its premises, and its recent twists, we provide an overview of key arguments representing different frames, focusing on AI in healthcare.
Teledermatology in practice: Report of Mayo Clinic experience
Authors: Aghazadeh Mohandesi Nessa , Puiu Tudor , Mittal Setu , Hall Matthew R , Sokumbi Olayemi , Mangold Aaron R , Colgan Michael B , Tollefson Megha M , Sartori-Valinotti Julio C
Published: February 2024

Background

Delivery of dermatologic care through telemedicine was accelerated by the COVID-19 pandemic. We sought to analyze the teledermatology experience across Mayo Clinic's health care system to identify strengths and limitations of teledermatology.

Methods

Electronic health records of dermatology televisits were reviewed from multiple U.S. Mayo Clinic sites from January 2020 through January 2021.

Results

A total of 13,181 dermatology televisits were conducted in 6468 unique patients. Patients were primarily female (60.2%), and mean age of all patients was 34.1 years. Synchronous / live video conferencing visits were the most common (40.0%) telecare modality. Synchronous / live audio conferencing and asynchronous / store-and-forward visits comprised 33.0% and 27.0% of appointments. In total, 3944 televisits (29.9%) were successfully concluded via a single appointment. An in-person appointment was needed for 1693 patients (26.2%) after their initial televisit. For patients with a single televisit, synchronous / live video conferencing was the most common virtual modality (58.0% vs 32.2% of patients with multiple visits, p < 0.001). Patients needing in-person follow-up visits were slightly older than those who did not (mean [SD], 38.8 [22.3] vs 35.0 [23.6] years; p < 0.001) but without any sex-based difference. Around one-third of patients needed an in-person follow-up visit after their initial asynchronous / store-and-forward visit which was higher when compared with synchronous / live audio and video conferencing.

Conclusion

Single dermatology televisits effectively managed nearly one-third of patients who did not require in-person follow-up. An initial synchronous / live video conferencing was more likely to yield a single clinical encounter, whereas asynchronous / store-and-forward visits required more in-person follow-up. Future studies are required that focus on dermatology-specific cost, diagnoses, access, quality of care, and outcomes.
Participating in God’s redemptive work: A cyclical model for learning and assessment
Authors: van der Boom Edith H.
Published: February 2024

With the goal of working towards decolonizing educational practices, this article considers the Indigenous medicine wheel as inspiration for a cyclical model for learning and assessment. Many current assessment practices highlight individual achievement rather than ongoing and relational learning. This article suggests using a Learning Wheel as a tool to engage students in conversation about learning and assessment. The purpose of assessment would be to inform students’ learning. The goal of learning would in turn equip students to be mindful of learning that engages in real-world issues to partner in God’s redemptive work.
Demanding yet supportive and developing: Nurse preceptors’ experiences of peer learning in nursing education in municipal elderly care homes
Authors: Nilsson Carina , Lindberg Birgitta
Published: February 2024

Nursing students commonly engage in clinical education in municipal elderly healthcare. Therefore, it is important to use a pedagogical model that provides the best conditions for nursing students to develop clinical competence. The aim of this study was to describe and interpret nurse preceptors’ experiences of a newly implemented pedagogical model, peer learning, in municipal elderly care home settings. Nine registered nurses from elderly care homes with precepting experience participated. Data were collected through individual interviews, and a thematic content analysis was performed. The study followed the Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research (COREQ) checklist. The findings revealed four sub-themes: ‘requiring careful preparation’; ‘contributing control and trust in the learning process’; ‘changing perspectives brings new opportunities and challenges’; and ‘enabling students to believe in themselves’, all interpreted into the main theme of ‘demanding yet supportive and developing’. In conclusion, municipal elderly care homes seemed to be a learning environment well suited for using the peer learning pedagogical model.
Mortality and Heart Transplantation After Hybrid Palliation of Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Jacquemyn Xander , Singh Tajinder P. , Gossett Jeffrey G. , Averin Konstantin , Kutty Shelby , Zühlke Liesl J. , Abdullahi Leila H. , Kulkarni Aparna
Published: February 2024

Background

Newborns with hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) who are considered at increased risk for death following Norwood/Sano surgery often undergo hybrid palliation (HP) as initial surgery. We aimed to compile the HP experience in HLHS and its variants and assess the rates of, and risk factors for, death and heart transplantation.

Methods

CINAHL, CINAHL PLUS, PubMed/MEDLINE, and SCOPUS were systematically searched for HP outcome studies of death or heart transplantation in HLHS between 1998 and 2022. Pooled incidence was estimated, and potential risk factors were identified using random-effects meta-analysis and reconstructed time-to-event data from Kaplan-Meier curves.

Results

Thirty-three publications were included in our review. Overall, of 1,162 patients 417 died and 57 underwent heart transplantation, resulting in a combined outcome of 40.7%, (474/1,162). There was a trend toward decreasing mortality risk across the stages of palliation. Pooled mortality between HP and comprehensive stage 2 palliation was 25%, after stage 2 up to Fontan palliation was 16%, and 6% post-Fontan. The incidence of death or heart transplantation was higher in high-risk patients—43% died and 10% received heart transplantation.

Conclusion

Our systematic review and meta-analysis found high rates of death or heart transplantation in HP of HLHS patients between HP and Fontan surgeries. All patients should be closely followed during the initial interstage period, which is associated with the highest hazard. Prospective studies on appropriate patient selection, indications, and / or alternatives, as well as refining HP strategies for managing newborns with HLHS are needed to improve outcomes.
What Are College Students Talking About When They Say They’re “Just Talking?”
Authors: Hardesty Melissa , Wilson Sayre E. , Wasserman Leora , Young Sarah , Massey Sean , Merriwether Ann
Published: February 2024

The phrase “just talking” is ubiquitously used by emerging adults to describe amorous interactions. Despite the prevalence of this phrase in public discourse, little is known about what just talking means and whether it is simply popular slang for longstanding relationship patterns or marks a shift in romantic and sexual norms and behavior. We surveyed undergraduate students at a mid-sized university about just talking, then conducted focus groups to better contextualize the phenomenon. Participant responses were coded inductively and interpreted in the historical context of American courtship, contemporary social norms on campus, the developmental tasks of emerging adulthood, and shifting patterns of everyday interaction brought about by smartphone technology. We propose that just talking is a veiled courtship behavior that denies the intimacy it builds thereby meeting emerging adults’ needs for emotional intimacy in a social environment where speaking frankly about emotional connections and seeking stable romantic partnerships are stigmatized.
Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Nurses’ Knowledge and Use of Sucrose for Neonatal Pain Management in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Faqihi Sumayah , Ismail Ahmad , Hasan Abd Al-Hadi
Published: February 2024

Introduction

Sucrose is an evidence-based intervention used for short-term pain management and distress from minor procedures. Limited research exists on nurses’ knowledge and use of sucrose in Neonatal Intensive Care Units in Saudi Arabia.

Objective

To assess nurses’ knowledge and use of sucrose in Neonatal Intensive Care Units in Saudi Arabia.

Methods

A cross-sectional online survey was used to collect data from a convenience sample of 68 neonatal intensive care nurses in Saudi Arabia. A modified tool assessed the knowledge and use of sucrose. Logistic regression analysis was used to find the predictors for sucrose use.

Results

Most respondents never used sucrose for neonatal pain management and did not receive any training on sucrose. The mean knowledge of nurses regarding sucrose and its use was very low (38%): 16% had a high level of knowledge regarding sucrose, 13% moderate, 19% low, and 52% very low. Nurses who received training on sucrose use and nurses who read or heard about sucrose predicted the use of sucrose.

Conclusion

Nurses’ knowledge and use of sucrose were inadequate. Interventional programs are needed to enhance the nurses’ knowledge regarding sucrose and its use and to enhance the utilization of sucrose as a pain management intervention in the Neonatal Intensive Care Units in Saudi Arabia.
Narratives, Sensemaking, and Didactic Relationships in Longitudinal Integrated Clerkship Education
Authors: Olajire Abigail , Benton Mark
Published: February 2024

OBJECTIVE

To understand what longitudinal integrated clerkship (LIC) participants found meaningful and valuable about their experiences while grounded in a communicated narrative sensemaking (CNSM) framework.

METHODS

Semi-structured interviews were conducted with a cohort of 3 LIC students and 7 of their 12 preceptors. Interviews were designed to elicit narratives ie time-ordered accounts of events, experiences, or reflections. Narratives were identified and coded to understand aspects of experiences.

RESULTS

Participants made sense of their experiences by narrating stories of LIC length allowing relationships to grow over time in a way that gave students a holistic perspective on patient care, built deep relationships between students and preceptors, and grew student confidence.

CONCLUSION

Participants value longitudinal integration in LICs because it allows for unique perspectives on patient care and builds deep meaningful mentor relationships with preceptors. Relationships in LICs must be managed carefully because much LIC learning is facilitated by relationships. The clerkship is a crucial aspect of medical education of which sense will be made by physicians during their whole lives.
Assessing Direction of India’s Exports: A Dynamic Framework
Authors: Chakrabartty Satyendra Nath , Sinha Deepankar
Published: February 2024

Decision on trade policies with emphasis on bilateral trade relationships needs knowledge about the direction of exports of the exporting country along with associated changes like degree of specialisation, etc. The direction of export for a product or sector can be taken as a set consisting of destination countries (DCs) and corresponding export potentiality. The set reflects the direction, composition and value of trade potentials and helps to decide export-boosting measures of several sectors, focusing on a country. The paper suggests the use of ratio and geometrically aggregated revealed comparative advantage (RCA) values for individual and combined sector growth (positive or negative), respectively. This approach overcomes the static properties of RCA and shift-share analysis typically used to reveal the patterns of trade direction. The pattern is investigated by geometric aggregation of ratios of RCA at the current period over the base period for each sector. The index follows log-normal distribution and shows fluctuations of RCA for a product/sector across time. Such curves of fluctuations for different countries may facilitate meaningful inter-country comparisons. Second, this paper suggests the use of bilateral RCA to determine the direction of India’s exports for a particular sector, enabling the determination of its potential markets.

JEL Classification: F1, F4
The politics of non-knowing, smart technology and just mobility transitions: A case study and research agenda
Authors: Nikolaeva Anna
Published: February 2024

Recent mobility scholarship suggests that in adopting a holistic perspective on just transitions towards low-carbon mobility, scholars should attend to the role of knowledge production and the exclusions it enacts. However, this call has yet to be realised, for analytical tools and empirical studies are scarce. In this article, I fill these gaps, arguing that it is crucial to focus on the ‘politics of non-knowing’: contested understandings of what is unknown and what should and can be known. Drawing on the case study of the datafication of cycling in four European cities, I lay bare car-centrism’s epistemic effects, including a lack of data on cyclists, vehicle-centred understandings of knowledge and the instrumentalisation of non-knowing in political debate around cycling. I also examine the role of smart technology in these discussions. In closing, I propose a research agenda on the politics of non-knowing in just mobility transitions.
The Struggle to Regulate Precarious Work Arrangements to Minimize Their Adverse Effects on Health and Safety in Australia
Authors: Underhill Elsa , Quinlan Michael
Published: February 2024

As in other countries, the growth of precarious work arrangements in Australia from the late 1970s has had significant adverse effects on occupational health and safety (OHS). While there is now a large body of global research on this issue and its connection to the rise of neoliberalism, there has been less investigation of efforts to address these problems. This article reviews regulatory interventions in Australia over the past two decades. It particularly focuses on industrial relations regulation, which can play a critical role in addressing at least some of the underlying reasons why precarious work undermines OHS. The most significant of these changes were passed by the Australian Parliament in February 2024, including a highly controversial but world-leading creation of minimum standards for platform workers.
Flexible packaging past, present and future: Reflections on a century of technology advancement
Authors: Morris Barry A
Published: February 2024

Since its inception nearly 100 years ago, flexible packaging has seen tremendous growth due to its ability to meet packaging needs at the lowest cost and with the least amount of material usage. The modern era of flexible packaging began in the early twentieth century with the introduction of cellophane, a transparent “wonder” film which enabled the development of large distribution channels of pre-packaged goods and changed consumer lifestyles and buying habits. New processes and materials have continually advanced flexible packaging technology. In concert, the scientific understanding of materials and polymer processing has progressed. This paper traces the history of flexible packaging, describing major developments in technology and the science behind them. Flexible packaging has constantly evolved to meet new demands and challenges. This bodes well for the future as the industry address its end-of-life shortcomings and moves towards a more circular economy. Learnings from the past, guided by improved scientific insight and engineering principles, can be leveraged to adapt flexible packaging to changing market, societal and regulatory demands.
Measuring pesticides in the atmosphere: current status, emerging trends and future perspectives
Authors: Brüggemann Martin , Mayer Simon , Brown David , Terry Adrian , Rüdiger Julian , Hoffmann Thorsten
Published: February 2024

There is a long history in environmental sciences to investigate and understand the fate of chemicals in the environment. For pesticides, this has led to systematic assessments of compounds by both academic and regulatory bodies, particularly for soil and water. As we show here, in recent years, there is an increasing interest in the potential presence of pesticide residues in air and related exposure risks. Based on a literature review for the years 2002–2022, we find a growing number of air monitoring studies with an average of 6.7 studies/year since 2020, with passive sampling methods contributing significantly to this rise. Most studies are concentrated in Europe and North America, with France leading in the number of monitoring studies. However, due to a lack of harmonization, and thus, the use of diverse methods and approaches, it remains challenging to derive potential exposure risks, to assess data quality of studies, and to compare datasets. In this perspective, we focus on current and emerging trends of different air monitoring approaches and highlight how they influence the interpretation of data. To improve the comparability and utility of data, and to ensure that air monitorings meet certain quality requirements, we propose a path forward, including: (1) Standardization and harmonization of methods: Adopting well-characterized and widely applied methods from air quality research as a basis for standardizing pesticide monitoring, with a clear distinction between relevant exposure and total air concentrations. (2) Tiered approach for monitoring programs: A dynamic concept where initial passive sampling identifies potential exposure risks, followed by active sampling for quantitative data, and, if necessary, extensive monitoring programs. This approach balances the need for detailed data with resource constraints. (3) Data interpretation and transparency: Public availability of data and clear reporting of methods, analysis, and uncertainties are crucial for the credibility and utility of monitoring studies. Overall, we see that harmonization of standards is critical for assessing exposure risks from pesticides in air and for informing regulatory decisions and mitigation strategies. Collaboration with the air quality and atmospheric research community is strongly recommended to leverage existing expertise in sampling, analysis, and data interpretation.
Do mouthwashes affect the optical properties of resin cement?
Authors: Çakır Kılınç Nazire Nurdan , Yıldız Pınar
Published: February 2024

Objectives

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of mouthwashes on the optical properties of resin cement.

Materials and methods

One hundred and 60 resin cement discs (6x2mm) were produced from 4 different brands of resin cement (Panavia V5, Estecem II, RelyX Veneer, NX3) with the help of a Teflon mould. The discs were divided into 4 subgroups, 1 of which served as the control group, to be immersed in mouthwashes after measuring the initial L, a, and b values on white and black backgrounds. Colour measurements were repeated after the 1st and 7th days. The collected data were used to calculate the ∆E00 value to measure colour stability, the translucency parameter (TP00), and the contrast ratio parameter (CR) to compare translucency change. Data were statistically analysed using mixed-design analysis of ANOVA and the Bonferroni-Dunn test. Repeated measures ANOVA was used for dependent results (α = 0.05).

Results

On the ∆E00, TP00, and CR parameters; the joint effect of resin groups, mouthwash groups, and measurement times were found to be statistically significant. The ∆E00 (colour difference) parameter; the joint effect of resin groups, mouthwash groups, and measurement times was found to be statistically significant. The TP00; the joint effect of resin groups, mouthwash groups, and measurement times were found to be statistically significant. The CR parameter; the joint effect of resin groups, mouthwash groups, and measurement times was found to be statistically significant. In the Estecem II (Tokuyama) group, the means of Listerine Cool Mint (Johnson & Johnson) was above acceptable limits in both time periods. In the Panavia V5 (Kuraray Noritake) group, the color change was above acceptable limits in all time periods and in all mouthwash groups. Among the resin materials used, Estecem II (Tokuyama) shows the most color change. Listerine Cool Mint (Johnson & Johnson) caused more color change than other mouthwashes at all times.

Conclusions

Within the limitations of this study; the colour stability and translucency value of resin cement depend on both the resin cement content and the mouthwash. Long-term use of mouthwash may adversely affect the optical properties of the resin cement.

Clinical relevance

Clinicians should take into account the fact that mouthwash use and the composition of the resin cement employed will have an impact on the colour of laminate veneers.
Delivering medical leadership training through the Healthcare Leadership Academy: a four year analysis
Authors: Zarif Azmaeen , Bandyopadhyay Soham , Miller George , Malawana Johann
Published: February 2024

Background

Formal leadership training is typically targeted at senior health professionals. The Healthcare Leadership Academy (HLA) was formed in 2016 to provide a leadership programme for students and early-career health professionals. This study analyses the effectiveness of the HLA scholarship programme as an intervention for improving interest in and preparing scholars for future leadership roles.

Methods

Survey data was used to assess the effectiveness of the HLA Scholarship program in cultivating leadership development. Questions required either multiple-choice, free text, ranking or Likert scale (‘strongly agree’, ‘agree’, ‘neither agree nor disagree’, ‘disagree’, ‘strongly disagree) responses. Participants spanned six regions (London, Newcastle, Bristol, Belfast, Edinburgh, and Amsterdam) in four countries (England, Scotland, Northern Ireland, and the Netherlands). Descriptive statistical analyses were conducted, and insights were drawn from the open-ended survey questions using a leadership framework.

Results

Seventy participants who underwent the course between 2016 and 2020 completed the questionnaire. Nearly all (99%) found that the training provided on the programme had equipped them to be more effective leaders, with 86% of respondents stating that they were more likely to take on leadership roles. Nearly all (97.1%) found the course to be either of good or very good quality. Nineteen insights were identified from free text responses that fitted under one of the four themes of the leadership framework: “optimising”, “resolving uncertainty”, “enhancing adaptability”, and “promulgating a vision”.

Conclusions

Healthcare leadership is a non-negotiable component of healthcare delivery in the 21st Century. As healthcare professionals, it is our duty to be effective leaders confident and competent in navigating the increasingly complex systems within which we operate for the benefit of ourselves, colleagues, and patients. By accounting for known shortcomings and developing ameliorative measures, the HLA Scholarship programme addresses unmet needs in a structured manner to support effective long-term healthcare leadership development.