bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Derivation of a Multivariable Psoriatic Arthritis Risk Estimation Tool (PRESTO): A Step Towards Prevention
Authors: Eder Lihi , Lee Ker‐Ai , Chandran Vinod , Widdifield Jessica , Drucker Aaron M. , Ritchlin Christopher , Rosen Cheryl F. , Cook Richard J. , Gladman Dafna D.
Published: August 2023

Objective

A simple, scalable tool that identifies psoriasis patients at high risk for developing psoriatic arthritis (PsA) could improve early diagnosis. We aimed to develop a risk prediction model for the development of PsA and to assess its performance among patients with psoriasis.

Methods

We analyzed data from a prospective cohort of psoriasis patients without PsA at enrollment. Participants were assessed annually by a rheumatologist for the development of PsA. Information about their demographics, psoriasis characteristics, comorbidities, medications, and musculoskeletal symptoms was used to develop prediction models for PsA. Penalized binary regression models were used for variable selection while adjusting for psoriasis duration. Risks of developing PsA over 1‐ and 5‐year time periods were estimated. Model performance was assessed by the area under the curve (AUC) and calibration plots.

Results

Among 635 psoriasis patients, 51 and 71 developed PsA during the 1‐year and 5‐year follow‐up periods, respectively. The risk of developing PsA within 1 year was associated with younger age, male sex, family history of psoriasis, back stiffness, nail pitting, joint stiffness, use of biologic medications, patient global health, and pain severity (AUC 72.3). The risk of developing PsA within 5 years was associated with morning stiffness, psoriatic nail lesion, psoriasis severity, fatigue, pain, and use of systemic nonbiologic medication or phototherapy (AUC 74.9). Calibration plots showed reasonable agreement between predicted and observed probabilities.

Conclusions

The development of PsA within clinically meaningful time frames can be predicted with reasonable accuracy for psoriasis patients using readily available clinical variables.

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Heat‐ and Pressure‐driven Room‐temperature Polymorphic Transition Accompanied with Switchable SHG Signal in a New Chiral Hexagonal Perovskite
Authors: Ye Hui , Hu Wang‐Hua , Chen Xiao‐Xian , Zhao Bing‐Qing , Zhang Wei‐Xiong , Chen Xiao‐Ming
Published: August 2023

Endowing room‐temperature polymorphs with both long‐term stability and easy interconvertibility is a big challenge due to the complexity of intermolecular interactions. Herein, we present a chiral hexagonal perovskite (R‐3‐hydroxy‐1‐methylpiperidinium)[CdCl3] having two room‐temperature crystalline forms featuring obviously distinct second‐harmonic‐generation (SHG) signals with a high switching contrast of ~18 times. The two room‐temperature forms could be long‐term stable yet easily interconvertible through an irreversible thermal‐induced phase transition and a pressure‐driven backward transition, by switching hydrogen bonds via collective reorientation of ordered homochiral cations. Based on the essential role of homochiral organic cations in inducing switchable hydrogen bond linkages, this present instance provides good evidence that relatively irregular organic cations could induce more obvious inorganic chain deformations, thus endowing polymorphs with significantly different SHG signals at room temperature.
Diurnal variations of tropical cyclone outer region size growth
Authors: Hong Jiacheng , Wu Qiaoyan
Published: August 2023

Various aspects of tropical cyclones (TCs) fluctuate with the diurnal cycle. TC size is critical to the extent of its damage, but diurnal variations in the growth of the outer region size have largely remained unexplored. This paper examines the diurnal variations in the growth of the radius of gale‐force winds (34 kt; R34) by analyzing best‐track data from 2001 to 2019 for both North Atlantic TCs and global TCs outside of the North Atlantic region. Statistically significant diurnal variations was found for R34 growth, with the maximum 6‐h growth rate occurring at 2100–0300 local solar time (LST) for North Atlantic TCs, and at 0300–0900 LST for global TCs excluding the North Atlantic which experienced rapid intensification (≥30 knots within 24 h). The higher R34 6‐h growth rates during the night were linked to a larger extent of very deep convective clouds with infrared brightness temperatures <208 K during this time.
Caffeic acid phenethyl ester surmounts acquired resistance of AZD9291 in non‐small cell lung cancer cells
Authors: Twum Yaw , Marshall Kent , Gao Weimin
Published: August 2023

Epithelial growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR‐TKIs) are the first‐line therapy for EGFR mutated non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC); however, resistance rapidly develops. The objective of this study was therefore to establish and characterize a gefitinib resistant NSCLC line (HCC827GR) and evaluate the therapeutic effects of natural products in combination with third‐generation EGFR‐TKI, AZD9291. The IC50 of gefitinib and AZD9291 in HCC827GR were significantly higher than those of HCC827 (p < 0.05). Furthermore, anchorage‐independent colony assay indicated that HCC827GR cells were more aggressive than their predecessors. This was reflected by the gene/protein expression changes observed in HCC827GR versus HCC827 profiled by cancer drug resistance real‐time polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) array and Western blot. Three natural products were screened and caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) exhibited the most significant combinative cytotoxic effect with AZD9291. Specifically, flow cytometry revealed that AZD9291 + CAPE considerably increased the fraction of cell in pre‐G1 of the cell cycle and caspase‐Glo3/7 assay showed a dramatic increase in apoptosis when compared to AZD9291 alone. Furthermore, Western blot showed significant downregulation of p‐EGFR/p‐AKT in HCC827GR cells treated with AZD9291 + CAPE as compared to AZD9291. Moreover, it is evident that AZD9291 + CAPE specifically resulted in a marked reduction in the protein expressions of the cell‐proliferation‐related genes p21, cyclin D1, and survivin. Finally, refined RT‐PCR/Western blot data indicated that AZD9291 + CAPE may at least partially exert its synergistic effects via the PLK2 pathway. Together, these results suggest that CAPE is a clinically relevant compound to aid AZD9291 in treating EGFR‐TKI resistant cells through modulating critical genes/proteins involved in cancer resistance/therapy.
Identification and preliminary structure–activity relationship of brain‐penetrant quinoxaline‐based compounds with in vitro anti‐glioblastoma activity
Authors: Ahn Seohyeon , Kim Eun Hye , Lee Chaemi , Nam Yoon Chae , Lee Joo‐Youn , Song Jin Sook , Kim Seong Hwan , Jeon Moon‐Kook
Published: August 2023

A central nervous system (CNS)‐oriented compound collection was screened to find hit compounds for human glioblastoma T98G cell growth inhibition. A series of quinoxaline‐based derivatives were identified as hit compounds having one‐ to two‐digit micromolar GI50 values. Anti‐glioblastoma activity was improved in structure–activity relationship studies varying the substituents on the quinoxaline ring system, resulting in the discovery of four compounds exhibiting sub‐micromolar GI50 values. The potentials of the four compounds to induce apoptosis were confirmed by annexin V staining assay. The development potential of the four compounds as CNS drug leads was evaluated by in vitro MDR‐MDCK cell permeability and in vivo brain disposition in mice. The mouse pharmacokinetic and kinome profiling studies for compound 10g, which showed high brain‐penetrating ability, revealed that the compound is orally bioavailable and inhibits the kinase activities of anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) and Erb‐B2 receptor tyrosine kinase (ERBB3).
Population modeling of bosutinib exposure‐response in patients with newly diagnosed chronic phase chronic myeloid leukemia
Authors: Garrett May , Knight Beverly , Cortes Jorge E. , Deininger Michael W.
Published: August 2023

Background

The BELA and BFORE trials compared bosutinib starting doses of 500 mg once daily (QD) and 400 mg QD, respectively, with imatinib in adults with newly diagnosed chronic phase chronic myeloid leukemia (CP‐CML). The B1871048 trial evaluated bosutinib 400 mg QD in Japanese patients with newly diagnosed CP‐CML.

Aim

This analysis assessed the impact of a lower bosutinib starting dose on key efficacy and safety outcomes.

Materials & Methods

A pharmacokinetic model was used to estimate metrics of bosutinib exposure, and logistic regression was used to investigate relationships with efficacy (cumulative major molecular response [MMR] and cumulative complete cytogenetic response [CCyR]) and safety outcomes (eight prespecified adverse events).

Results

Totals of 573 and 574 patients were included in the efficacy and safety endpoint analyses, respectively. Cumulative MMR and CCyR were similar across studies. Log(Ctrough) and log(Cavg) were significant predictors of MMR and CCyR, and the probability of achieving MMR or CCyR increased 1.3‐fold or 2.7‐fold for every 1 unit increase in log(Ctrough) or log(Cavg), respectively. An exposure–response relationship was identified between time‐to‐event and risk of diarrhea, nausea, and vomiting. Significant relationships were also observed between time‐to‐event and log(Cavg), Ctrough, and Cavg with diarrhea, nausea, and vomiting, respectively.

Discussion

A bosutinib exposure‐response relationship with safety and efficacy was observed.

Conclusion

Compared with 500 mg QD, a bosutinib starting dose of 400 mg QD improved tolerability in some patients with newly diagnosed CP‐CML without compromising efficacy. ClinicalTrials.gov identifiers: NCT00574873; NCT02130557; NCT03128411.
A case of unusual renal manifestation in a patient with neuronal intranuclear inclusion disease treated with steroids
Authors: Morita Keisuke , Shinzato Takahiro , Endo Yuzo , Suzuki Makoto , Yoshida Hidefumi , Sone Jun , Nagai Kojiro
Published: August 2023

Key Clinical Message

Neuronal intranuclear inclusion disease (NIID) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by intranuclear inclusions. Kidney injury involvement and successful treatment for NIID have rarely been reported. A NIID patient developed crescentic IgA nephropathy. Steroid therapy resolved digestive symptoms and recovered renal function. Steroids are considered for concomitant symptoms of NIID.
Primary mediastinal yolk sac tumor: A case report and literature review
Authors: Wu Diqing , Zhang Kun , Zhang Xueqin
Published: August 2023

Key Clinical Message

There are limited published cases of primary mediastinal yolk sac tumor (PMYST), with no consensus on the best treatment alternative. By far, the surgery oriented comprehensive therapies are the main treatment methods. The surgical strategy should be individualized and aimed at radical resection, considering all the possibilities, including the use of cardiopulmonary bypass and prosthetic materials.

A 15‐year‐old boy was diagnosed as PMYST. The tumor, with a size about 13 × 12 × 8 cm, was located in the right upper mediastinum, closely adhering to ascending aorta, superior vena cava, right atrium, and the right hilum. After 6 cycles chemotherapy of bleomycin, etoposide, and cisplatin (BEP), no significant change was found in the size of tumor. Subsequently, an extended tumor excision including partial resection of the right lung, the pericardium, the diaphragm and the right phrenic nerve, was performed successfully with cardiopulmonary bypass on standby. During 6 months of follow‐up, there was no tumor recurrence. Meanwhile, in PubMed, we searched the English case reports and case series of PMYST during the past decade. A total of 73 articles were retrieved, in which 22 articles on the therapy and prognosis of PMYST were extracted and reviewed, included 16 case reports and 6 case series with a total of 52 patients. Due to the rarity of PMYST, it is difficult to provide a specific treatment regimen. The surgery‐oriented comprehensive therapies are still the main treatment methods. The surgical strategy should be individualized and aim at radical resection, considering all the possibilities, including the use of cardiopulmonary bypass and prosthetic materials.
Cooling and Evaporative Crystallization of α‐D‐Galactose from a Highly Viscous Industrial Side Stream
Authors: Zaykovskaya Anna , Louhi-Kultanen Marjatta
Published: August 2023

An industrial side stream containing mainly glucose and galactose was used to crystallize α‐D‐galactose. The dynamic viscosity of samples containing galactose and glucose solutions was measured and compared with pure glucose and galactose solutions. Various crystallization conditions were investigated in terms of temperature range and batch times in cooling crystallization and their influence on the product crystal properties. The obtained results were compared with the results of evaporative crystallization. Several characterization methods were used for studying crystal size and shape, crystal structure, and purity. The overall crystallization time of α‐D‐galactose was shortened by cooling crystallization based on stepwise temperature decrease and the desired crystal properties were achieved.
Influence of planting pattern on corn response to sub‐surface drip irrigation
Authors: Tilley M. Scott , Jordan David L. , Vann Rachel A. , Gatiboni Luke , Heiniger Ronnie W. , Stevens Brian , Ambrose Derek
Published: August 2023

Core Ideas

Under a moderate to high pricing structure, a subsurface irrigation system can pay for itself when growing corn.

A twin‐row planter does not increase yield or increase financial returns regardless of irrigation system.

Financial returns will likely be higher under sub‐surface irrigation when compared with dryland corn production.
Double‐Walled Covalent Organic Frameworks with High Stability
Authors: Gong Yu , Huang Shaofeng , Lei Zepeng , Wayment Lacey , Chen Hongxuan , Zhang Wei
Published: August 2023

Double‐walled covalent organic frameworks, consisting of two same building blocks parallel to each other forming ladder‐shape linkers, could enhance the stability of the frameworks and increase the density of functional sites, thus making them suitable for various applications. In this study, two double‐walled covalent organic frameworks, namely DW‐COF‐1 and DW‐COF‐2, were successfully synthesized via imine condensation. The resulting DW‐COFs exhibited a honeycomb topology, high crystallinity and stability. Particularly, DW‐COF‐2 showed excellent resistance toward boiling water, strong acid, and strong base, due to its double‐walled structure, which limits the exposure of labile imine bonds to external chemical environments. The DW‐COFs showed high porosity near 900 m2/g, making them suitable for gas storage/separation. The selective gas adsorption experiments showed that at 273 K and 1 atm pressure, DW‐COF‐1 and DW‐COF‐2 exhibited a good IAST selectivity towards CO2/N2 (15/85) adsorption, with selectivity values of 121.3 and 56.4 for CO2 over N2, respectively.
Thermally Activated Geometrical Regioselective E→Z Isomerization‐Enabled Cascade Sequences of Conjugated Dienals: Experimental and DFT Studies
Authors: Saha Jayanta , Banerjee Soumadip , Malo Sidhartha , Das Abhijit Kumar , Das Indrajit
Published: August 2023

The geometrical regioselective E→Z isomerization of a conjugated alkene under thermal activation pose a challenge due to microscopic reversibility. Herein we report that such reversibility issues can be circumvented by integrating E→Z isomerization with subsequent cyclization cascade, particularly in the absence of commonly employed light, acids, or metal‐catalysts. Thus, linearly conjugated dienals in a mixture of toluene‐alcohol (2 : 1) solvents or only with alcohol at 60–70 °C can be converted to γ‐alkoxybutenolides in moderate to good yields. The intermediary 2Z,4E‐isomer can be isolated, which includes the first example of isolating the regioselective isomerization product under thermal conditions. Density functional theory (DFT) studies have been employed to shed light on the feasibility of geometrical alkene isomerization and ensuing cascade sequences. It has been observed that the regioselective 2E,4E→2Z,4E isomerization of dienal is a thermodynamically facile (ΔG <0) process. Structural elucidation further reveals that the presence of a certain charge transfer and a non‐covalent interaction may be the primary reasons for the enhanced stability of the 2Z,4E‐isomer. The thermodynamic plausibility of the subsequent cascade reaction from the Z‐isomer to the anticipated product in the presence of a polar protic solvent (here MeOH) is also explicated. Out of the two probable pathways, the “hemiacetal pathway” involving a relay proton transfer is kinetically more feasible due to the diminished activation barrier than the “conjugate addition pathway”.
Application of Machine Learning Algorithms to Metadynamics for the Elucidation of the Binding Modes and Free Energy Landscape of Drug/Target Interactions: a Case Study
Authors: Siddiqui Gohar Ali , Stebani Julia A. , Wragg Darren , Koutsourelakis Phaedon‐Stelios , Casini Angela , Gagliardi Alessio
Published: August 2023

In the context of drug discovery, computational methods were able to accelerate the challenging process of designing and optimizing a new drug candidate. Amongst the possible atomistic simulation approaches, metadynamics (metaD) has proven very powerful. However, the choice of collective variables (CVs) is not trivial for complex systems. To automate the process of CVs identification, two different machine learning algorithms were applied in this study, namely DeepLDA and Autoencoder, to the metaD simulation of a well‐researched drug/target complex, consisting in a pharmacologically relevant non‐canonical DNA secondary structure (G‐quadruplex) and a metallodrug acting as its stabilizer, as well as solvent molecules.
Artificial Intelligence‐based Module Type Package‐compatible Smart Sensors in the Process Industry
Authors: Neuendorf Laura M. , Khaydarov Valentin , Schlander Christiane , Kock Tobias , Fischer Joshua , Urbas Leon , Kockmann Norbert
Published: August 2023

Image analysis presents a set of powerful methods to receive additional information about multiphase processes. It enables the development of advanced applications for process monitoring and optimization or, so‐called, soft sensors. However, the integration of advanced smart sensor systems based on image analysis into the process control system presents a complex task. To address this challenge, a modular automation concept offers a standardized interface to integrate modules. This paper presents an integration profile as a service specification that allows a plug‐and‐measure integration of smart visual sensors into modular plants. To verify the concept, we applied it to three different use cases. At the end, we discuss open challenges in the integration of complex analysis systems with multidimensional data streams into modular plants.
AIPSS‐MF machine learning prognostic score validation in a cohort of myelofibrosis patients treated with ruxolitinib
Authors: Duminuco Andrea , Mosquera‐Orgueira Adrian , Nardo Antonella , Di Raimondo Francesco , Palumbo Giuseppe Alberto
Published: August 2023

Background

In myelofibrosis (MF), new model scores are continuously proposed to improve the ability to better identify patients with the worst outcomes. In this context, the Artificial Intelligence Prognostic Scoring System for Myelofibrosis (AIPSS‐MF), and the Response to Ruxolitinib after 6 months (RR6) during the ruxolitinib (RUX) treatment, could play a pivotal role in stratifying these patients.

Aims

We aimed to validate AIPSS‐MF in patients with MF who started RUX treatment, compared to the standard prognostic scores at the diagnosis and the RR6 scores after 6 months of treatment.

Methods and results

At diagnosis, the AIPSS‐MF performs better than the widely used IPSS for primary myelofibrosis (C‐index 0.636 vs. 0.596) and MYSEC‐PM for secondary (C‐index 0.616 vs. 0.593). During RUX treatment, we confirmed the leading role of RR6 in predicting an inadequate response by these patients to JAKi therapy compared to AIPSS‐MF (0.682 vs. 0.571).

Conclusion

The new AIPSS‐MF prognostic score confirms that it can adequately stratify this subgroup of patients already at diagnosis better than standard models, laying the foundations for new prognostic models developed tailored to the patient based on artificial intelligence.
A multi‐loads capacitive power transfer system for railway intelligent monitoring systems based on single relay plate
Authors: Zhang Yiming , Luo Bo , Cheng Hao , Wang Zhuling , Jiang Chaoqiang , Mai Ruikun
Published: August 2023

This paper proposes a multi‐loads capacitive power transfer (CPT) system based on a single relay plate for railway monitoring systems. The proposed system can supply power wirelessly to the monitoring system on the trackside and train carriages simultaneously to eliminate traditional power cables connection and prevent frequent battery replacement. Unlike the traditional multiple loads CPT systems, the proposed system uses only one relay plate, which is more stable and uncomplicated considering the coupler installation space and moving dynamically in the railway system. The proposed system adopts a CL‐LCLC‐CL compensation network to achieve a load‐independent output. The limitation of the charging load quantity is given in detail considering the coupler voltage stress distribution. An experimental prototype with three loads is also built to verify the effectiveness of the proposed system. Experimental results show that the proposed system achieves wireless power transfer to multiple loads simultaneously with two loads on the receiver and one on the repeater side. The load‐independent property is also achieved when two loads are removed. The maximum experimental efficiency is about 87.13%.
Identification of metal–air batteries from water energy harvesters
Authors: Xu Xiaote , Yang Xiaodan , Zhang Zhuomin , Hong Ying , Liu Shiyuan , Shan Yao , Peng Zehua , Wang Siyuan , Yao Xi , Yang Zhengbao
Published: August 2023

Capillary‐enabled water energy harvesters (WEHs) are capable of generating direct‐current electricity continuously. However, active‐metal electrodes can introduce metal–air batteries in these WEHs. Given the nearly identical device structures and output characteristics of these two technologies, it is essential to distinguish between them. Herein, we present a systematic study of the water‐activated metal–air battery (WMB) through theoretical analyses and experimental verifications. We conclude the general formation rules of the WMB from a material and device‐structure perspective. Furthermore, we provide a comparative summary of various WEHs and WMBs for easy identification. We aim to improve the comprehension of metal–air batteries in the field of WEHs and assist in distinguishing between these technologies.
Impacts of ocean warming on echinoderms: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Lang Bethan J. , Donelson Jennifer M. , Bairos‐Novak Kevin R. , Wheeler Carolyn R. , Caballes Ciemon F. , Uthicke Sven , Pratchett Morgan S.
Published: August 2023

Rising ocean temperatures are threatening marine species and populations worldwide, and ectothermic taxa are particularly vulnerable. Echinoderms are an ecologically important phylum of marine ectotherms and shifts in their population dynamics can have profound impacts on the marine environment. The effects of warming on echinoderms are highly variable across controlled laboratory‐based studies. Accordingly, synthesis of these studies will facilitate the better understanding of broad patterns in responses of echinoderms to ocean warming. Herein, a meta‐analysis incorporating the results of 85 studies (710 individual responses) is presented, exploring the effects of warming on various performance predictors. The mean responses of echinoderms to all magnitudes of warming were compared across multiple biological responses, ontogenetic life stages, taxonomic classes, and regions, facilitated by multivariate linear mixed effects models. Further models were conducted, which only incorporated responses to warming greater than the projected end‐of‐century mean annual temperatures at the collection sites. This meta‐analysis provides evidence that ocean warming will generally accelerate metabolic rate (+32%) and reduce survival (−35%) in echinoderms, and echinoderms from subtropical (−9%) and tropical (−8%) regions will be the most vulnerable. The relatively high vulnerability of echinoderm larvae to warming (−20%) indicates that this life stage may be a significant developmental bottleneck in the near‐future, likely reducing successful recruitment into populations. Furthermore, asteroids appear to be the class of echinoderms that are most negatively affected by elevated temperature (−30%). When considering only responses to magnitudes of warming representative of end‐of‐century climate change projections, the negative impacts on asteroids, tropical species and juveniles were exacerbated (−51%, −34% and −40% respectively). The results of these analyses enable better predictions of how keystone and invasive echinoderm species may perform in a warmer ocean, and the possible consequences for populations, communities and ecosystems.
Library preparation method and DNA source influence endogenous DNA recovery from 100‐year‐old avian museum specimens
Authors: Settlecowski Amie E. , Marks Ben D. , Manthey Joseph D.
Published: August 2023

Museum specimens collected prior to cryogenic tissue storage are increasingly being used as genetic resources, and though high‐throughput sequencing is becoming more cost‐efficient, whole genome sequencing (WGS) of historical DNA (hDNA) remains inefficient and costly due to its short fragment sizes and high loads of exogenous DNA, among other factors. It is also unclear how sequencing efficiency is influenced by DNA sources. We aimed to identify the most efficient method and DNA source for collecting WGS data from avian museum specimens. We analyzed low‐coverage WGS from 60 DNA libraries prepared from four American Robin (Turdus migratorius) and four Abyssinian Thrush (Turdus abyssinicus) specimens collected in the 1920s. We compared DNA source (toepad versus incision‐line skin clip) and three library preparation methods: (1) double‐stranded DNA (dsDNA), single tube (KAPA); (2) single‐stranded DNA (ssDNA), multi‐tube (IDT); and (3) ssDNA, single tube (Claret Bioscience). We found that the ssDNA, multi‐tube method resulted in significantly greater endogenous DNA content, average read length, and sequencing efficiency than the other tested methods. We also tested whether a predigestion step reduced exogenous DNA in libraries from one specimen per species and found promising results that warrant further study. The ~10% increase in average sequencing efficiency of the best‐performing method over a commonly implemented dsDNA library preparation method has the potential to significantly increase WGS coverage of hDNA from bird specimens. Future work should evaluate the threshold for specimen age at which these results hold and how the combination of library preparation method and DNA source influence WGS in other taxa.
An integrated spatial capture–recapture approach reveals the distribution of a cryptic carnivore in a protected area
Authors: Martin Marie E. , Green David S. , Garrison Dustin , Hartman Jennifer , Jackson Breeanne K. , Mackey Heather , McDonald Mike A. , Smith B. Heath , Smith Tessa R. , Vanderzwan Stevi L. , Stock Sarah L. , Sacks Benjamin N. , Matthews Sean M.
Published: August 2023

Quantifying animal abundance, density, and distributions affords the opportunity to understand the effects of landscape structure and change on species of conservation interest, but estimating these parameters can be difficult for rare and cryptic species. Noninvasive sampling methods, such as remote cameras or scat DNA, can mitigate the challenges of studying rare and cryptic species while also minimizing effects on species of conservation interest or concern. Data derived from these methods can be integrated into robust, contemporary quantitative methods, including spatial capture–recapture (SCR) models, which provide a hierarchical framework for jointly estimating animal abundance, distribution, and, consequently, density. Herein, we developed an integrated SCR model to estimate the abundance, density, and distribution of a large carnivore of conservation interest, the cougar (Puma concolor), in a rugged and remote protected area, Yosemite National Park, California, USA. We combined spatial encounter data from DNA‐based individual identification of scats with detection count data derived from remote cameras to estimate cougar density and detection probability in Yosemite. We further estimated how cougar density and detection probability varied as a result of vegetation, topography, anthropogenic and natural linear features, and survey effort. Using data collected in 2019 and 2020, we estimated a median of 31 (SD = 3.96, 95% credible intervals = 24–39) cougars in Yosemite across the two years, with higher densities associated with productive, vegetated areas. We found detection probability by scent detection teams was higher for females than males and positively correlated with survey effort, proximity to trails, and distance farther from roads and streams. Our study illustrates the utility of noninvasive survey methods that yield individual identities in rugged and remote environments, where capture and handling of cryptic, low‐density animals is logistically challenging and cost prohibitive. Integrated modeling approaches, as used here, allow ecologists to leverage empirical data using a robust quantitative framework that can effectively address conservation objectives. Through this work, we demonstrate the importance of large, contiguous, and heterogeneous ecosystems to the ecology of wide‐ranging species that occur in dynamic landscapes.
Interaction of hemlock woolly adelgid populations with host tree health drives population oscillations
Authors: Thompson Hannah M. , McAvoy Thomas J. , Wiggins Gregory , Salom Scott M. , Lenhart Suzanne
Published: August 2023

Adelges tsugae Annand, the hemlock woolly adelgid, is an invasive insect pest of Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carriere, eastern hemlock, in the eastern United States. An A. tsugae infestation often results in the death of T. canadensis within years and has caused significant changes to hemlock forests. Cycles in T. canadensis health and A. tsugae densities seem to be an important feature in A. tsugae population dynamics in the eastern United States. To investigate mechanisms leading to such cycles, we construct a model composed of systems of ordinary differential equations with time‐dependent parameters to represent seasonality. The model captures the coupled cycles in T. canadensis health and A. tsugae density. We use field data from Virginia to develop the model and to perform parameter estimation. The mechanisms we represent in the model include an A. tsugae density‐dependent T. canadensis growth rate, a T. canadensis health‐dependent A. tsugae mortality rate, and a density‐dependent A. tsugae mortality rate, which produce cycles in T. canadensis health and A. tsugae density commonly seen with the A. tsugae system in the eastern United States. We test sets of initial conditions to determine the scenarios that will likely lead to T. canadensis mortality and explore longer term dynamics of the system. In general, low and high T. canadensis health initial condition values result in likely T. canadensis mortality while T. canadensis with medium health initial condition values are predicted to survive.
Chemical Upcycling of Polyolefins through C−H Functionalization
Authors: Zhao Yinsong , Li Daoji , Jiang Xuefeng
Published: August 2023

Polyolefins consist of abundant hydrophobic C−C and C−H bonds, and are considered as immensely potential untapped resources. Chemical upcycling offers a convenient and promising recycling strategy of polyolefins to produce newly‐functionalized polymeric materials, and high‐value added chemicals. The significant progress made in C−H functionalization reactions of alkane molecules provides new opportunities for improving polyolefin treatments. This review focuses on recent advancements in post‐modification routes, specifically the introduction of C−C and C−X (X=O, N, S, halogens and etc.) bonds onto polyolefin chain backbones, as well as degradation models involving homogeneous C−H functionalization. By emphasizing these developments, we aim to highlight the potential of chemical upcycling for enhancing the treatment of polyolefins.
Mechanochemical Suzuki‐Miyaura Cross‐Coupling with Natural Deep Eutectic Solvent as Liquid‐Assisted Grinding Additive: Merging Two Fields for a Greener Strategy
Authors: Thiery Emilie , Delaye Pierre‐Olivier , Thibonnet Jérôme , Boudesocque‐Delaye Leslie
Published: August 2023

The use of volatile solvents for organic synthesis is nowadays questioned due to their negative impact on the environnement. To develop sustainable and environmentally friendly methodologies, we propose to combine two green chemistry concepts: the use of bioinspired solvents: natural deep eutectic solvents (NaDES), and mechanochemistry. Using the Suzuki‐Miyaura coupling as a model reaction, we described an efficient mechanochemical method with NaDES as a LAG (liquid‐assisted grinding) additive with short reaction times and without any ligand or additional heating. A mechanochemical extraction was also used to reduce the amounts of extraction solvents and the total time of the synthesis process.
Wide bedrock valley development and sensitivity to environmental perturbations: Insights from flume experiments in erodible bedrock
Authors: Langston Abigail L. , Robertson Clay H.
Published: August 2023

Wide bedrock valleys and their genetic descendants, strath terraces, can serve as morphological records of past climate that reflect river discharge and sediment load during periods of valley widening. Understanding how changes in sediment load and water discharge create such distinct morphological features is limited by a lack of robust understanding of the specific processes of bedrock valley widening. We present results from the first set of flume experiments specifically devoted to exploring the conditions necessary to create wide bedrock valleys and how bedrock valleys develop through time. We ran six experiments in a weak bedrock substrate representing valley widening in an easily erodible bedrock, with differing amounts of water discharge, sediment load and base level fall. We evaluated valley width, valley wall height, channel mobility, lateral and vertical bed incision and sediment cover on the bed to explore the conditions necessary for the development of wide bedrock valleys and better understand the processes that affect valley widening rates. The results of the experiments show that wide bedrock valleys developed slowly and only under long periods of high sediment conditions, while vertical incision occurred much faster and was easily induced under different forcing mechanisms. We found that high sediment flux, enough to cover the channel bed, was a necessary condition for substantial valley widening. However, sediment cover on the bed was not by itself a sufficient condition to create wide bedrock valleys in our experiments; other factors were also required, particularly mobile channels within the valleys and some channel curvature to induce lateral undercutting. The results from this set of experiments suggest that the creation of wide bedrock valleys has several necessary conditions that must be met, and the development of a wide bedrock valley can be disrupted by slight changes in one of these necessary conditions.
A statistical approach for the correlation between Cerchar Abrasivity Index and Uniaxial Compressive Strength of rocks
Authors: Di Giovanni Alfio , Todaro Carmine , Cardu Marilena
Published: August 2023

In any underground excavation project, choosing the best excavation technique and careful preliminary assessments of wear costs and production rates are crucial aspects to consider. The production rate and costs of tools, as well as the frequency of tool replacement, deeply affect the duration and cost‐effectiveness of the whole project. Among the rock‐specific characteristics affecting tool wear, Cerchar abrasivity index (CAI) and uniaxial compressive strength (UCS) play an important role. In this article, the relationship between these two parameters was examined by regression analyses for 237 different rocks with the aim to define a preliminary and expected wear potential of three groups of rocks: sedimentary, metamorphic and igneous rocks. The analysis of the results showed that 86 % of the igneous rocks analysed have a CAI > 2, which is a medium or high level of abrasiveness. In sedimentary rocks, over 70 % of the samples are characterised by low abrasiveness behaviour (CAI < 2). Results obtained for these rocks can represent an instrument for predicting the abrasiveness potential of a rock when the UCS is known associating it with an expected range value of CAI. Metamorphic rocks, on the other hand, cannot be classified in specific ranges of UCS and CAI. For this rock group, therefore, a univocal tool for forecasting could not have been obtained, but analyses of rock type and quartz content show that the mineralogical content cannot be considered the only parameter for a wear analysis.
Umfahrung Weyer – Tunnelbau im Lockergestein unter Bebauung
Authors: Plöderl Roman , Hofer Georg , Steiner Peter , Dumböck Wolfram
Published: August 2023

The small town of Weyer is located in Upper Austria on the B121 Weyerer Straße. The B121 leads through the historic market square of Weyer, which is characterised by confusing bottlenecks that can only be passed in one lane. For decades, these bottlenecks have caused congestion, mainly due to heavy traffic. For residents, the burden of air pollution and noise is high. The roads department of the Upper Austrian Government has been planning the construction of a bypass for many years. Construction finally started in the summer of 2022. The Weyer bypass construction lot is 1.2 km long and includes the construction of two NATM tunnels, a vertical escape shaft, a bridge over the river Dürnbach, two roundabouts, and one traffic junction. The tunnel construction works are carried out in urban areas, in loose material with little overburden and partly under existing buildings. These boundary conditions make the project a challenge for all involved at every stage.
The interaction between instrumental activities of daily living and dual sensory function on cognition among the elderly in China: A cross‐sectional survey
Authors: Liang Heting , Jiang Zhixia , Yang Xiaoling , Li Shuang , Zhao Xiaoling , Dai Yongya , Liu Siqin , Zhang Yumeng , Yuan Xiaoli
Published: August 2023

To explore the interaction of instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs) and dual sensory function on cognition in the elderly. A cross‐sectional survey was conducted in six general hospitals in China, from October 2022 to December 2022. Data collection included general information, IADLs scale, self‐reported sensory function questionnaire, and mini‐mental state examination (MMSE). Binary logistic regression was used to examine the association between factors and cognition. The interactive effect was evaluated by synergy index (S), relative excess risk due to interaction (RERI), and attributable proportion due to interaction (AP). The odds ratio (OR) of IADLs decline in cognition is 4.412 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 3.633–5.358, p < 0.001); the OR of dual sensory difficulty on cognition is 2.502 (95% CI: 1.272–4.921, p = 0.008). The OR of interaction between IADLs decline and dual sensory difficulty on cognition is 13.737 (95% CI: 9.726–19.400, p < 0.001). RERI (95% CI) = 7.823 (3.230–12.417), AP (95% CI) = 0.570 (0.392–0.747), S (95% CI) = 2.593 (1.616–4.160). IADLs decline and dual sensory difficulty are associated with cognitive decline. IADLs decline and dual sensory difficulty have interaction with cognitive decline; the interaction is greater than the sum effect of those two on cognitive decline independently. Sensory and IADLs assessment can be used as early screening items for cognition among the elderly. In addition, protecting sensory function and maintaining IADLs in the elderly can help protect their cognition.
PRECORSE study: Seroprevalence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 in the first trimester of pregnancy during the first wave of the COVID‐19 pandemic and subsequent pregnancy complications—A cohort study
Authors: Aquise Adriana , Rayo Nieves , Fernández‐Buhigas Irene , Alfonso Ana , Pagola Natalia , Rodriguez Miguel , de Miguel Laura , Santacruz Irene , Valor Santiago , Poon Liona C. , Gil María M. , Santacruz Belén
Published: August 2023

Synopsis

The seroprevalence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 among first‐trimester pregnant women January 1 to May 15, 2020, was 8.2%. There were no significant differences in complications in seropositive women.
Triglyceride‐glucose index (TyG index) and endometrial carcinoma risk: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Shi Haimeng , Guo Feifei , Zheng Kang , Li Rong , Zhou Huaijun
Published: August 2023

Objective

We analyzed the association between the triglyceride‐glucose index (TyG index) and incident endometrial carcinogenesis, aiming to determine whether the TyG index is a promising predictive biomarker for endometrial carcinoma (EC).

Methods

In this retrospective cohort study, multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate the relationship between TyG index and EC incidence and progression. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to calculate the area under the curve (AUC), as well as the cut‐off value of the TyG index for EC incidence.

Results

The TyG index was significantly higher in patients with EC or endometrial atypical hyperplasia (EAH) than in those with normal endometrium (P < 0.001). A continuous rise was observed in the incidence of EC and EAH among the tertiles of the TyG index (P < 0.001). The multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that the TyG index was associated with EC and EAH risk after adjusting for potential confounding factors (EAH: odds ratio [OR] 2.54, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.33–4.85, P = 0.005; EC: OR 2.65, 95% CI 1.60–4.41, P < 0.001). Moreover, high TyG index was positively associated with advanced pathological stage (OR 2.14, 95% CI 1.32–3.47, P = 0.002) and poorer differentiation (OR 2.53, 95% CI 1.36–4.72, P = 0.004).

Conclusion

The TyG index might be a promising biomarker for endometrial carcinogenesis. Subjects with a higher TyG index should be aware of the risk of EC incidence and progression.
Intrauterine device experience in lesbian, gay, bisexual, queer, pansexual, and asexual cisgender women
Authors: Abern Lauren , Collins Elizabeth , Krempasky Chance , Diego Daniela , Kiely Kristen , De Guzman Glendell , Maguire Karla
Published: August 2023

Synopsis

Providers should not overlook counseling LGBQPA cisgender women about the benefits of an IUD given their risk of unplanned pregnancy and desire for menstrual suppression.
The mechanism of copper homeostasis and its role in disease
Authors: Li Yunhui , Liang Jing , Chen Yuan , Wang Yajie
Published: August 2023

Copper (Cuprum) is an essential trace metal indispensable for the function of numerous enzymatic molecules implicated in cellular metabolism. Emerging evidence has demonstrated the role of copper in angiogenesis and cellular signaling. Moreover, raised copper levels have been detected in hepatocellular carcinoma and other cancers. An inherited or acquired copper imbalance, including inadequately low or excessively high copper levels, as well as inappropriate copper distribution in the body, is implicated in a number of diseases. In addition, a recent groundbreaking study identified a copper‐induced type of programmed cell death named cuprotosis, the mechanism of which greatly deferred from that of other known cell death modes. The first part provides an overview of the regulation of copper homeostasis and discusses the underlying mechanisms of cuprotosis. In the second part, the authors focus on the functions of copper in liver diseases and other metabolic disorders, before discussing how this knowledge could contribute to the development of effective targets to treat such diseases.
Femtosecond Optical Kerr Gate in tissues
Authors: Meyer Henry J. , Mamani Sandra , Alfano Robert R.
Published: August 2023

The Optical Kerr Effect is investigated for the first time in biological tissues. This nonlinear effect was explored in both human brain and avian breast tissues using a time‐resolved femtosecond pump‐probe Optical Kerr Gate that looks for phase changes that arise in the probe from the pump induced Kerr refractive index change. The tissue samples produced a unique ultrafast (700–800 fs) doubled peaked temporal signal, which is indicative of interplay between the different ultrafast mechanisms (electronic plasma and molecular) that make up the Kerr index. The unique profile was replicated in theoretical simulations. The properties of the temporal profile varied between samples suggesting that it could be used as a new diagnostic. Understanding this behavior can help improve the scientific understanding of nonlinear spectral diagnostic techniques and potentially create a new Kerr‐based optical biopsy method.
Review on electrically conductive smart nerve guide conduit for peripheral nerve regeneration
Authors: Rahman Mustafijur , Mahady Dip Tanvir , Padhye Rajiv , Houshyar Shadi
Published: August 2023

At present, peripheral nerve injuries (PNIs) are one of the leading causes of substantial impairment around the globe. Complete recovery of nerve function after an injury is challenging. Currently, autologous nerve grafts are being used as a treatment; however, this has several downsides, for example, donor site morbidity, shortage of donor sites, loss of sensation, inflammation, and neuroma development. The most promising alternative is the development of a nerve guide conduit (NGC) to direct the restoration and renewal of neuronal axons from the proximal to the distal end to facilitate nerve regeneration and maximize sensory and functional recovery. Alternatively, the response of nerve cells to electrical stimulation (ES) has a substantial regenerative effect. The incorporation of electrically conductive biomaterials in the fabrication of smart NGCs facilitates the function of ES throughout the active proliferation state. This article overviews the potency of the various categories of electroactive smart biomaterials, including conductive and piezoelectric nanomaterials, piezoelectric polymers, and organic conductive polymers that researchers have employed latterly to fabricate smart NGCs and their potentiality in future clinical application. It also summarizes a comprehensive analysis of the recent research and advancements in the application of ES in the field of NGC.