bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Howells: Literary History and the Realist Vocation
Authors: Brodhead Richard H
Published: November 2023

IF WE WERE LOOKING for a figure to stand for the opposite of Hawthorne’s kind of author, William Dean Howells would make an obvious choice. Hawthorne was nineteenth-century American culture’s embodiment of the private literary person: its figure of the artist as one who dwells apart in a private imaginative region, a region he gives the public access to in his work, without himself becoming available through that process. By contrast, Howells was the nineteenth century’s great figure of the artist as public man. A prolific writer, greatly more so than Hawthorne ever was, How ells was also almost constantly engaged, throughout his long career, in performing the public offices that establish literature’s public life.
James In The Beginning
Authors: Brodhead Richard H
Published: November 2023

If I were to recommend method in any part of the study of a Painter, it would be in regard to invention; that young Students should not presume to think themselves qualified to invent, till they were acquainted with those stores of invention the world already possesses, and had by that means accumulated sufficient materials for the mind to work with. It would certainly be no improper method of forming the mind of a young Artist, to begin with such exercises as the Italians call a Pasticcio composition of the different excellencies which are dispersed in all other works of the same kind. It is not supposed that he is to stop here, but that he is to acquire by this means the art of selecting, first what is truly excellent in Art, and then what is still more excellent in Nature; a task, which, without this previous study, he will be but ill qualified to perform.
Peripheral Visions from Rhetoric’s Past
Authors: Hill Carolyn Ericksen
Published: November 2023

Creating paths to what so many of us thought of as more responsive and truthful lives was a preoccupation of the 1970s, and Macrorie, Elbow, Coles, and to a certain extent, Schultz became spokesmen for all the composition teachers who hoped they might help people write along those paths. Alienated from many of our national institutions, we heard those voices promise us that writing could come alive in more authentic selves if we could just resist-and help students resist-the pressures of deadening conventions.
Writers’ Minds: Which System
Authors: Hill Carolyn Ericksen
Published: November 2023

Most of my students who have thought at all about their own minds and the way they think, I have found, have a fairly bland, academically influenced idea about how those minds operate. Upper-class people may have taken a psychology course or two and are often ready, when I ask them what they think those minds of theirs are, anyway, with a tale about something that processes information and represents it (a few years ago I would hear more often about stimuli and responses), or now and then, about something that lets the student exist because it-the mind-thinks.
Think Tanks and Oracles
Authors: Cooke Roger M
Published: November 2023

To the Greek philosopher Plato, the title “Experts in Uncertainty” would have been a contradiction. With his famous “divided line” he partitioned knowledge into four categories. The lowest category was “eikasia” which is best translated as “conjecture.” After this comes “pistis” (belief), followed by “dianoia” (correct reasoning from hypotheses, as in mathematics), and “episteme” (knowledge). A line divides the lower two categories, belonging to the realm of appearances and deception, from the upper two, for which rigorous intellectual training is required.
Elder
Authors: Barnouw Erik
Published: November 2023

Early in 1964 President Johnson decided–as was later revealed in The Pentagon Papers–on a massive escalation of the Vietnam war. It would include large air attacks on North Vietnam and would begin in 1 965. An arms buildup was begun and at once contributed to business prosperity. But the war decisions remained secret until after the 1964 presidential election. Those around Johnson felt the escalation Was essential. Truman was said to have “lost” China. If “we” lost Vietnam, 1t was assumed “we” Would “lose” Indonesia. Oil, tin. rubber, and other resources were at stake. Halfway measures must be avoided.
Meta-Compatibilism
Authors: Double Richard
Published: November 2023

Abstract In the first part of this book, I argue for a compatibilistic theory of freedom and responsibility that I think looks fairly plausible. But in the last chapter I argue that the plausibility of views like my autonomy variable account depends on selective attention to certain free will exemplars, and that conflicting intuitions can be generated by looking at different exemplars. In this chapter and the next, I advance a thesis That is consistent with the theme of Chapter 5 but goes well beyond it. I argue that not only is free will an inconsistent exemplar concept, but that it is a subjective, ultimately attitudinal concept as well. The debate between the compatibilists and incompatibilists can have no resolution because there can be no objective properties of free will or moral responsibility for their accounts to hit or miss. Hence, compatibilism and incompatibilism, contrary to appearances, cannot logically conflict, since both positions simply express subjective attitudes. I call this higher level ‘compatibility’ of compatibilism and incompatibilism meta-compatibilism.
An Argument for Moral Non-Realism
Authors: Double Richard
Published: November 2023

Abstract In the last chapter, I argue that free will and moral responsibility are moral terms that presuppose the existence of the moral proper¬ ties of freedom and responsibility. In this chapter, I try to show that there are no moral properties, thus completing the meta-compatibilist _argument begun in Chapter 6. My argument proceeds in two stages. In the first, I reject Objective Moral Realism (the view that moral properties exist in agents and their actions independently of anyone’s judgment that they exist). In doing so, I consider five varieties of moral realism. In the second stage, I reject a subjective variety of moral realism (Universal Subjectivism) that takes moral judgments to be the products of our widely shared disposition to agree about moral matters. I call the remaining view Anarchistic Subjectivism because it holds that moral judgments are subjective, but not universally shared, inasmuch as they depend on a disorganized mixture of factors. This theory holds that there are no ‘natural kinds’ among our subjective opinions about actions that could provide moral truth.
Theoretical Derivations
Authors: Achinstein Peter
Published: November 2023

Scientific papers, especially the more theoretical ones, often contain derivations that may be the most important and novel parts of the material present ed. These derivations proceed by using assumptions of one or more theories and applying mathematical and logical operations to generate some conclusion in a series of steps. I call them theoretical derivations.
On the Origin And Variety Of Moral Entities
Authors: Carr Craig L
Published: November 2023

The task of first philosophy, insofar as it has lived up to its own true nature, has been to define things in the broadest possible manner and to arrange them consistently into certain categories, and also to provide a general description of the nature and condition of each kind of thing. But those who have heretofore undertaken to cultivate this discipline, and who seem to have accomplished its task so well in the class of natural entities, have-the matter speaks for itself-not given moral entities the attention they deserve. Many people have not even thought about these things; others have dealt with them, but only lightly, as if they were worthless or unimportant fictions. This despite the fact that it greatly behooves man to know the nature of such entities, which he has received the faculty to produce, and whose power deeply suffuses itself throughout his life.
On the Human Understanding’s Contribution to Moral
Authors: Carr Craig L
Published: November 2023

Since the chief task of this discipline which we have undertaken to set forth is to demonstrate the right and wrong, good and bad, and justice and injustice of human actions, we will first have to consider the principles and characteristics of these actions, and then how they are understood to be morally connected with man through imputation. So, to begin, mans excellence far outshines the brutes in that he is endowed with a most noble soul capable of knowing and judging things by means of a special light, and of seeking or rejecting them with an exquisite rapidity. And human actions are consequently assigned to a much more distinguished class than the movements of brutes, which are elicited by sensory stimuli without any preceding reflection.
On The Natural State Of Men
Authors: Carr Craig L
Published: November 2023

We understand here by man’s natural state not that most perfect condition ultimately intended by nature as most suited for him, but one into which we conceive him placed by the mere fact of his birth, and from which all human or divinely inspired inventions and institutions that now give the life of mortals a rather different aspect, as it were, have been removed. These include not only the various arts and the general culture of human life, but also and especially the civil societies at whose origin humankind was arranged into a well-defined order.
On The Consent Required In Promises And Pacts
Authors: Carr Craig L
Published: November 2023

Since promises and pacts as a rule restrict our freedom and impose on us a burden of necessarily doing something we were formerly free to do or not do, there is no more appropriate reason that someone cannot rightly complain about having to carry such a burden than the fact that he himself has previously consented to it and willingly taken upon himself what he was formerly able to refuse.
On The Transfer Of Dominion In General
Authors: Carr Craig L
Published: November 2023

Next we must see about derivative ways of acquisition, by which an already established dominion passes from one person to another. Before we give a particular account of these, it will be appropriate to preface some things about the transfer of dominion in general. Accordingly, someone’s ability to alienate a thing of his, or transfer it to another, results as such from the nature of full dominion. For since this gives an owner the faculty to dispose over a thing as he decides, the chief part of this faculty seems surely to be the ability to transfer the thing to another if it so pleases him, so that in this manner he may either acquire a thing more suited to himself, or at least have the opportunity to obligate another toward himself by means of a benefit.
On Marriage
Authors: Carr Craig L
Published: November 2023

Next, we must investigate the origin and nature of human sovereignty, as well as those precepts of the natural law and the law of nations that presuppose it. But since sovereignty can be understood only among many persons, and indeed, since it is well established by the authority of the Sacred Scriptures that at the beginning God produced only one human pair to which all mortals refer their origin, we must, before treating civil sovereignty, examine matrimony, which gives rise to families and furnishes the material, as it were, out of which sovereignties and states are constituted. For just as the human body is composed of different members which, considered in themselves, also appear to be bodies, so are civil states made up of lesser societies. Some of these are called simple and primary while others, being slightly more composite, usually come with the name of associations.
On Paternal Authority
Authors: Carr Craig L
Published: November 2023

Marriage gives rise to offspring over whom paternal authority is established. This is at once the most ancient and most holy sort of sovereignty, and children are bound by it to honor the commands of their parents and to acknowledge them as their superiors. Grotius and most others refer its origin to the act of generation whereby parents, by bringing into being someone not yet in existence, some-how resemble God.1 Since both parents contribute equally to generation, they say, each of them originally acquires an equal right over the offspring. Yet if they contend among themselves over sovereignty and cannot both be satisfied at the same time, the sovereignty of the father is to be preferred, not only because of the excellence of his sex but also because he has sovereignty over the mother.
On The Duty Of Supreme Sovereigns
Authors: Carr Craig L
Published: November 2023

It remains for us to look at the duty of supreme sovereigns, which we must do all the more diligently insofar as more evils arise for mortals if it is not properly observed, and because it is the proper function of this discipline to give an account of that duty, which goes beyond the limit of civil laws. But because such things are frequently inculcated by others, we can accomplish our task by repeating only the main headings. The precepts by means of which that duty may be fulfilled can be easily gathered if we ponder carefully the end and nature of states, as well as the parts of supreme sovereignty.
On The Right To Direct The Actions Of Citizens
Authors: Carr Craig L
Published: November 2023

Now that we have set forth the things that concern the nature of supreme sovereignty in general, we must also explore the chief questions raised about its individual parts. And since we have put the authority to direct the actions of citizens (from which civil laws flow) in first place, we must now add to the things about laws in general, which we set forth above, those that pertain to civil laws and the commands of supreme sovereigns in a special way.
On The Change And Perishing Of States
Authors: Carr Craig L
Published: November 2023

Changes in a state take place in a threefold manner, so that the state either remains the same, is no longer the same, or ceases entirely to be a state. The first kind of change occurs when the form of a state is changed, if a kingdom turns into an aristocracy, for instance, or if a democracy or an aristocracy is made into a kingdom. For here the essential form of a state remains; only the form resulting from the proper subject of supreme sovereignty is changed. Hence a people is also the same, whether it is ruled by a king, by nobles, or in a democratic manner. Indeed, even if it should happen that a formerly free people comes under the power of some king by war, so that it is thereafter in his patrimony, it does not on that account cease to be the same people, provided that the victorious king is willing to rule the subject people as a distinct kingdom in the future and not annex it to another people as a province.
“For the Gaze of the Whites”: The Crisis of the Subject in “Benito Cereno”
Authors: Nelson Dana D
Published: November 2023

Reading “race” in “Benito Cereno” has a history as fraught with contention as the debates over the meaning of “race” in the works of Edgar Allan Poe. Scholars have for decades been concerned with how “Benito Cereno” reflects on Melville’s own political stance. F. 0. Matthiessen, Charles Neider, Joseph Schiffman, and Sidney Kaplan have argued that the story reveals Melville’s racism, however unconsciously. More recent critics-including Carolyn Karcher, Marvin Fisher, and Charles Swann-maintain that Melville’s intention in “Benito Cereno” was quite the opposite. They argue that in the story Melville questions and even radically subverts American racism of the antebellum period.
Semen Cryopreservation
Authors: Mortimer David
Published: November 2023

Cryopreservation is the branch of cryobiology concerned with the maintenance or, more correctly, suspension of life during (prolonged) storage in the frozen state at ultralow temperatures. The fundamental principle of cryopreservation is that if the water inside a cell is converted to ice at temperatures low enough to effectively arrest molecular movement (freezing), the biochemical processes of cellular metabolism are suspended. Successful cryopreservation also requires that the biological system can be subsequently returned to normal temperatures (thawing) without sustaining biochemical or structural injuries that cause the cell to die. In the frozen state the cell is effectively in suspended animation.
Introduction: Master and Worm; Anarchist and Idiot
Authors: Posnock Ross
Published: November 2023

Since this book, I hope, will interest not only literary critics but intellectual historians in various fields, it may seem perverse to begin with two concluding moments in Henry James’s late fiction. But they provide a convenient point of entry to my set of concerns in the present study. Near the close of The Ambassadors, Maria Gostrey and Lambert Strether recall an earlier “curiosity felt by both of them as to where he would ‘come out’ “ if his delicate mission to return Chad to America came “to smash.” In the wake of Strether’s botched mission, his Parisian pleasures, and his uncertain American future, they realize that “he was out, in truth, as far as it was possible to be” (342). Near the end of The Golden Bowl, James’s last completed novel, Maggie Verver is close to reclaiming her straying husband and renewing their marriage on a new basis of sexual intensity. She compares her husband, an Italian prince “fixed in his place,” with her own evolving status. Whereas Amerigo’s place “was like something made for him beforehand,” Maggie’s “own had come to show simply as that improvised ‘post’ ... of the kind spoken of as advanced” and serving “a settler or trader in a new country.
“The Amazing Hotel-World”: The American Scene of 1904
Authors: Posnock Ross
Published: November 2023

In an important essay of 1907, H. G. Dwight commends The American Scene as a “valuable commentary, social and aesthetic, on the democratic experiment” that supplements “the studies which have lately been making objective certain aspects of our industrial and political life.” Dwight claims that “nothing of the sort has been done with the same degree of sympathetic penetration-unless by Dr. Hugo Miinsterberg.” Unlike most critics of James’s book, Dwight perceives its multidisciplinary range and richness. Indeed, it is “fed from so many sources” that only “those of a later generation” will be able to unravel its implications (qtd. Gard 449). Thus Dwight tacitly invites us to locate James’s aesthetic, social, and political commentary in its contemporary intellectual context.
Genetics and Other Fields
Authors: Darden Lindley
Published: November 2023

In 1926, the theory of the gene and the chromosome theory had much evidence in their favor; but unsolved problems remained. These included problems about gene action during development, about the nature of the gene, and about the role of genes in evolutionary change. For some, the theory of the gene became the foundation from which new problems in these areas were tackled. For others, however, problems not solved by the theory were judged to be serious difficulties for it. Those biologists concerned with embryological development, the chemical nature of the gene, and evolutionary problems assessed the theory of the gene differently.
Home Economics: Domestic Ideology in Belinda
Authors: Kowaleski-Wallace Elizabeth
Published: November 2023

Unlike Castle Rackrent, Maria Edgeworth’s most popular work, Belinda has never been a favorite with her critics. The novel’s central fault may lie in the eponymous character, as the author herself suggested: “I really was so provoked with the cold tameness of that stick or stone Belinda, that I would have torn the pages to pieces; and really, I have not the heart or patience to correct her. As the hackney coachman said, ‘Mend you better make a new one.”‘ Particularly striking here is Edgeworth’s own admission that nothing could have rescued the heroine from her cursed insipidity: Belinda seems condemned to her very tameness by the didactic purpose of the novel, a purpose that demands her unyielding perfection. Indeed, one of the novel’s major flaws is the complacency of the main character, for such complacency leaves little room for tension. Belinda undergoes very little self-scrutiny or self-exploration. Unlike Fanny Burney’s comparable heroines, she experiences little self-doubt and rarely any convincing inner conflict.1
Multiple Authorship and the Myth of Solitary Genius
Authors: Stillinger Jack
Published: November 2023

Most theories of interpretation and editing depend on a concept of single authorship. But literary works can and frequently do have multiple authors, sometimes with divided and even conflicting intentions among them. Stillinger explores multiple authorship in the case of Keats and his helpers who assisted in the creation of Isabella; John Stuart Mill and his wife in the writing of Mill's Autobiography; the author revising earlier versions of himself, as with Wordsworth in The Prelude; and the author interacting collaboratively with sources and influences (Coleridge in Biographia Literaria).
Who Wrote J. S. Mill’s Autobiography?
Authors: Stillinger Jack
Published: November 2023

In many cases multiple authorship begins, literally, at home. We are all familiar with the traditional prefatorial acknowledgment to an author’s spouse, “without whom . . .” et cetera. The practice of spousal collaboration is so common (and the acknowledgments often so trite and perfunctory, if not patronizing) that it is difficult to focus on its consequences for authorial “authority” in a piece of writing. Indeed, when I published an earlier version of the present chapter in Victorian Studies (1983), an anonymous referee for the journal suggested that I “say a word or two about the implications in general . . . of the question of normal assistance of those mentioned in acknowledgments, copy-editors, later editors, etc.” That very “normality” is exactly what I wish to emphasize here; its role in textual production can be quite significant.
Plays and Films:Authors, Auteurs, Autres
Authors: Stillinger Jack
Published: November 2023

In general, plays and films are by nature more explicitly collaborative than any of the other kinds of production discussed so far in this book. They are literally “show business” and, as such, have to sell to audiences or they go out of existence. They involve many more people and much greater expense than books, and require the commitment of investors who expect a profit. And not only does it take enormous numbers of people to create plays and films (agents, studio executives, producers, directors, writers, actors, designers, stage and camera technicians, editors, publicists and marketing executives, to name some of the large groups who may be responsible to the backers of the enterprise), but there are potential conflicts of interest and authority among them at every crucial moment of production.
The Personal Past Recaptured: Anderson & Sons
Authors: Schneidau Herbert N
Published: November 2023

It wa in one of Barrie’s early books that I first read the remark, which other people have also made, that genius is the ability to prolong one’ childhood.

Early reviewer of Winesburg, Ohio

Men do not exist in facts. They exist in dreams.

In the early decades of the twentieth century, one form of literature in English underwent unprecedented development: the apparently

i. Epigraphs: Housman, poem 40 of A Shropshire Lad {1896). Reviewer, quoted in Sherwood Anden,on, Winesburg, Ohio: Texr and Criticism, ed. John Ferre,
SSWM Approximations
Authors: Gillespie John H
Published: November 2023

In the previous chapter we made progress on a formidable diffusion model by using strong-selection weak-mutation (SSWM) limits to study the entry and egress of alleles from the population. Bolstered by this success, it is natural to seek other arenas to apply the SSWM methodology. Before setting off on the quest, however, we should step back for a moment and reflect on its purpose.
Roaring
Authors: Williams Martin
Published: November 2023

“The Lion Roars” by pianist Willie “the Lion” Smith is part talk and part music. In the talk, the Lion is (understandably) not at all specific in his terminology or his categories. “Ragtime,” “gutbucket,” “lowdown,” “in the alley”-they are all equivalent terms to him, as later are “ragtime,” “jazz,” “swing,” “stomp,” etc. And “rock and roll” comes from a description of the way gospels are done in Negro Baptist churches, not out of the brain of a disc jockey who didn’t want to say “rhythm and blues.” The historian and reviewer have got to be more specific about styles and movements, even if they seem arbitrary in. doing so.
How Long Has This Been Going On?
Authors: Williams Martin
Published: November 2023

Wynton Marsalis is not the first jazz musician to perform classical music, but he is surely the most widely accepted and the most popular. Marsalis is also obviously one of the most musically outstanding young jazz musicians in over a decade. His work might be called a synthesis, a virtuoso summary of everything that jazz trumpet has ever achieved and ever been. Marsalis is not the first about whom such a statement might be said. Almost a decade ago, it was obvious that Stanley Cowell (for one) was a comparable virtuoso for jazz piano and its history. Marsalis also has a counterpart in cornetist Warren Vache, who in the past decade has explored the history of jazz cornet-trumpet tradition in public, and by now has learned bebop thoroughly. He has also explored the possible range of his instrument high and low, with commendable virtuosity.
Bud Freeman: The Needed Individual
Authors: Williams Martin
Published: November 2023

In the spring of 1968, tenor saxophonist Lawrence “Bud” Freeman was announcing his full recovery from an automobile accident which had resulted in multiple fractures of the rib cage. His physician, who had at first warned Freeman that it might be more than a year before he could play again, had pronounced him fully recovered within six months. Playing the saxophone, Freeman reported to Jack Bradley in Down Beat, feels “better than ever.
Record Date: Art Farmer and Jim Hall
Authors: Williams Martin
Published: November 2023

Trumpeter-and nowadays more frequently fluegelhornist Art Farmer has formed a quartet featuring guitarist Jim Hall, and the alliance promises to be fruitful. Both players are lyricists. Farmer, as a direct heir to the innovators of the late 1940s, has his own kind of virtuosity on occasion, while Hall, his own roots more obviously stretching back to the late thirties, is a somewhat gentler player.
Dizzy Gillespie: The Development of an American Artist*
Authors: Williams Martin
Published: November 2023

This album collects recordings done over a crucial five years by an American trumpeter and sometime composer-orchestrator. What emerges in the most unassuming of ways-and, for some of us, the most unexpected of places-is a pattern of musical discovery. Also, if you will, self-discovery. But the special self-discovery of an artist, hence of someone who makes discoveries for us all about our selves, our lives, and our possibilities.
Why Aren’t We Using the Classics?*
Authors: Williams Martin
Published: November 2023

In the late 1970s Big Three-United Artists Music had in its catalogue four classic Duke Ellington transcriptions, scores and parts, as entries in its “National Jazz Ensemble” series. And not too long thereafter, Big Three-United Artists decided it would publish no more Ellington. That decision was surely a sad event in American music publishing. Here was an effort, an almost isolated effort, to offer authentic music by a man generally acknowledged to be not only the major jazz composer-orchestrator but, to many observers, a major twentieth-century composer regardless of musical category. And that effort had failed.
Introduction
Authors: Wong Hertha Dawn
Published: November 2023

In the past three decades, autobiography has earned its place as a distinct genre in the study of literature. Even more recent is the study of Native American autobiography in English departments. Most literary scholars insist that autobiography is “a distinctive product of Western post Roman civilization,” “a late phenomenon in Western culture” that “expresses a concern peculiar to Western” individuals. However, long before Anglo ethnographers arrived in North America, indigenous peoples were telling, creating, and enacting their personal narratives through stories, pictographs, and performances. To date, most of the scholarship in this area has been done by historians, anthropologists, and linguists who examine Native American life histories (narratives collected primarily in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries) as ethnographic documents. Only a few articles-by William Bloodworth, H. David Brumble, Lynne Woods O’Brien, Arnold Krupat, Kathleen Mullen Sands, William F. Smith, Jr., and R. D. Theisz--discuss the literary aspects of Native American autobiography. At this time, only five books of literary scholarship have been devoted to this subject.
Native American Self Narration and Autobiography Theory
Authors: Wong Hertha Dawn
Published: November 2023

Of the few literary scholars involved in the study of Native American autobiography, most have avoided pre-contact Native American autobio-graphical modes, choosing instead to discuss the late-nineteenth- and early-twentieth-century oral life histories that were solicited, translated, recorded, and edited by Euro-American amanuenses. William Blood worth distinguishes “anthropological” (often referred to as “as-told to”)1 autobiography from what he regards as “authentic” Native American autobiography, which’ ‘springs from the desires of Native Americans to tell the stories of their individual lives’’ rather than from the wishes of a Euro-American anthropologist. In contradistinction to Bloodworth, Kathleen Mullen Sands writes that ‘‘the most distinctive characteristic’’ of American Indian autobiography is the ‘‘collaboration of the narrator and recorder editor.” Likewise, H. David Brumble refers to Native American autobiographies as ‘‘ bicultural documents’’ that are interesting because of the questions raised by the collaboration between the subject and the collector, and because they record the transition from a preliterate to a literate people in 150 short years. Arnold Krupat, who offers the most comprehensive and theoretical discussion of Native American life histories, states that “the principle constituting the Indian autobiography as a genre [is] the principle of original bicultural composite composition.” Indian autobiography, he concludes, is ‘‘ a ground on which two cultures meet,” “the textual equivalent of the frontier. “
Idealized Fathers, Devalued Mothers
Authors: Silverstein Brett , Perlick Deborah
Published: November 2023

“If I only were a man ... I have read too much, seen too much, drunk too much. So I don’t like myself anymore. I’d like to lose thirty pounds of weight. Please, doctor, send me to a plastic surgeon.” The words were those of a 20-year-old woman who was, according to her therapist, preoccupied with her weight and obsessed with the shape of her breasts. Another woman described as obsessed with her breasts, also suffering from depression, was a 27-year-old unmarried Ph.D. with a “brilliant reputation” as a researcher. These women were the daughters of successful fathers, one a director of a factory, the other a well-known lawyer, and of mothers who were homemakers. The first woman spoke little of her mother but was “very attached” to her father, while the second woman, according to her therapist, strongly identified with her father, and not her mother, who was described as “below the father’s level from an intellectual point of view.”
The Big Town
Authors: Crow Bill
Published: November 2023

I had two brief flirtations with New York City before I moved east to stay. There was that three-day pass from the Army in 1948, and an earlier visit in 1945, after my youthful love of the theater brought me to Massachusetts at the end of my senior year in high school. I won a summer scholarship to the Priscilla Beach Theater in Plymouth, and my parents scraped together the money for my train fare from Seattle. I lived all summer in an old Victorian house at Priscilla Beach with seventy-five or eighty other young actors and actresses from all over the country. We studied theater crafts during the day and put on plays at night in a barn theater. Our training was supervised and our plays were directed by two impressive New York thespians, Dr. A. Franklin Trask and his wife, Allison Hawley.
Coast to Coast
Authors: Crow Bill
Published: November 2023

After a rehearsal at the Cirque Club one afternoon, I was in the record store downstairs, browsing through the Charlie Parker bin. The girl behind the counter came over and said, “You must be a jazz musician. Nobody else ever looks at those records.” Her name was Janet Thurlow. (She is now married to trombonist Jimmy Cleveland.) She told me she was a singer, and wondered why she hadn’ t seen me at a club on Madison Street called the Washington Social and Educational.
Scuffling
Authors: Crow Bill
Published: November 2023

Lennie Tristano was the only jazz teacher that I knew of in New York. As soon as I got my first paycheck from Bergen Press, I got Lennie’ s number from Betty Christopher and called him. “I’ d like to study with you.” “Why don’ t you come out and play for me? Then we’ ll see.” Lennie told me how to find his house in Flushing, and I took my valve trombone out there on the subway one evening after work. I sweated and suffered as I stood in the famous blind pianist’ s living room, playing a few choruses on “I Got Rhythm” changes while he accompanied me. I was very nervous, and found myself gasping for air. I hated the sound I was getting and despaired at the banalities I heard myself playing.
jazz Records
Authors: Crow Bill
Published: November 2023

Though Metronome magazine named Marian McPartland’ s trio the Small Group of the Year in 1955, we only made two albums, for Capitol Records. Marian added a harp and cello to a couple of the tunes, an unusual blending of “classical” instruments with a jazz trio in those days. She wasn’ t thrilled with the condition of the piano at Capitol’ s Fortysixth Street recording studio. The action was poor and it was slightly in need of tuning. We were surprised that a major record label would have a mediocre piano. Still, I’ m glad to have any souvenir of the way we were playing in those days.
Garner & Monk
Authors: Crow Bill
Published: November 2023

I enjoyed several weeks of good companionship and a lot of good music when Gerry Mulligan’ s Quartet joined a tour that included the Erroll Garner Trio, the Miles Davis Quintet, Count Basie’ s Band, Kai Winding’ s new four-trombone septet, and Dinah Washington. One cold day in Detroit, we played in an arena where most of the dressing rooms were unheated. When I heard that Basie’ s large dressing room was warm, I carried my bass over to wait there for our turn on stage. Several others had the same idea. Basie had an old upright piano in his room, and was sitting at the keyboard, tinkling a little, so I began playing along with him. Freddie Green broke out his guitar, and couple of horn players joined in.
The Sherwood Inn
Authors: Crow Bill
Published: November 2023

Gerry Mulligan reassembled the Concert Jazz Band to record an album in 1961. Clark Terry couldn’ t make it, but he sent in Doc Severinsen, his section mate in Skitch Henderson’ s band on the Tonight Show. Johnny Carson and the gang were still broadcasting from New York then. Doc played as if he’ d been on Gerry’ s band all along.

About a month later, Doc and I found ourselves playing together on a jazz concert on Long Island. Marty Napoleon, the leader, asked each of us to be ready with a feature number. On such occasions I usually played “I Can’ t Get Started with You.” It hadn’ t been used much as a bass solo and was a safe selection. Trumpet players had done it so much that they usually chose something else.
Worlds in Perspective
Authors: Bradley Raymond
Published: November 2023

Throughout the preceding four chapters, I’ve portrayed the early Wittgenstein as a de re possibilistic atornist operating within the framework of a possible worlds ontology. He is an atomist insofar as all the items in his ontology, linguistic as well as nonlinguistic, are taken to be combinatorial constructions out of simple objects (individuals, things), simple properties, and simple relations. He is a possibilistic atornist insofar as the elements of his atomistic ontology are taken to include merely possible individuals, properties, and relations along with actual ones. He is a de re possibilistic atornist insofar as he thinks of his metaphysically simple individuals as having de re (internal, essential) formal properties that determine the range of all their possible combinations in possible states of affairs and therewith, with the help of the notion of consistency, determine the range of all possible worlds. I have also portrayed him as someone who constructs his theories of language and logic along the same modal atornist lines.
Alexander and His Band
Authors: Hamm Charles
Published: November 2023

Alexander’s Ragtime Band” wasn’t Irving Berlin’s first commercial hit; a dozen or more of his songs had chalked up substantial sheet music sales before it was published early in 1911. It wasn’t his first song to attract international attention; Bert Feldman had brought out eight of his songs in London, in Feldman s Sixpenny Editions, before adding “Alexander” to the series. It isn’t his best-selling song of all time-”White Christmas” enjoys that distinction-or even his best song, in the opinion of most critics. But it did attract more public and media attention than any other song of its decade, it quickly became an icon for the ragtime era, and its popularity has persisted to the present.
Modern Medicine
Authors: Bremen Brian A
Published: November 2023

The relationship between Williams’s medical practice and his career as a writer has typically been described in the complementary terms Williams himself provides in his Autobiography: …As I say, often after I have gone into my office harassed by personal perplexities of whatever sort, fatigued physically and mentally, after two hours of intense application to the work, I came out at the finish completely rested (and I mean rested) ready to smile and to laugh as if the day were just starting. That is why as a writer I have never felt that medicine interfered with me but rather was my very food and drink, the very thing which made it possible for me to write. … Oh, I knew it wasn’t for the most part giving me anything very profound, but it was giving me terms, basic terms with which I could spell out matters as profound as I cared to think of.
Attitudes Toward History
Authors: Bremen Brian A
Published: November 2023

Williams’s constant attention to historically specific political actions in nearly all of his works—from his section on ‘‘Paterson—The Strike’’ in his first version of “The Wanderer: A Rococo Study” (1914) to his collaborative “translation” of Mao Tse-Tung’s “Spring in the Snow-Drenched Garden” (I960)1—indicates his abiding concern with the political and its integral position within his poetics. But Williams politics are no less complicated than his poetics, and they are intimately connected with what Williams’s sees as the role of the artist. Williams held a contentious relationship to the Left in both the thirties and the forties, and his opinions about Stalinist Russia and schemes of Social Credit often alienated him from its most vocal members.
Photographic Sensitivity
Authors: Tani Tadaaki
Published: November 2023

In spite of the current excitement and novely of magnetic, i.e., diskette, tape and 'solid-state' imaging techniques, photographic film still provides the highest resolution and most beautiful images of any imaging medium. This book systematically describes the theory and mechanisms of photographic sensitivity, with topics stressing the understanding the characteristics of silver halide photography. The topics include the structure and preparation of silver halide grains, physical properties of silver halides, mechanisms of latent image formation, spectral sensitization, chemical sensitization and stabilization, photograhic development, and the future prospect. This book is based on the author's knowledge, gained by 30 years' experience in the field. The audience ranges from chemists and physicists who work with silver halide imaging techniques, to those working in solid-state imaging, who need to compare their work with that of silver halide experts.
Standard Of Care
Authors: Annas George J
Published: November 2023

Using courtroom resolutions of real bioethical disputes as its focus, Standard of Care explores the fundamental value conflicts confronting medicine and society today. This case-based approach illuminates the value choices involved in modern medicine. The author urges health care professionals to go beyond the minimalist legal "standard of care" by promoting a vigorous, patient-centred medical ethics based on both respect for the human rights of individual patients and responsibility to society. If modern medicine is to enhance human life, a reconceptualization of law as the beginning of ethical discourse, rather than as an instrument to end it, is essential. Most of the papers in this book were originally published in the Hastings Center Report and other journals, but they have all been revised and updated for this volume. They are grouped in three broad sections: constitutional issues, private sector bioethics, and public sector bioethics. They deal with reproductive rights, dying and killing, AIDS, biotechnology and commerce, organ transplants and implants, and resource allocation. No other work provides such an incisive and readable survey of the major legal and ethical issues confronting American medicine.
Brave New Medicine: Restricting Doctor-Patient Conversations
Authors: Annas George J
Published: November 2023

The century opened with George Bernard Shaw ‘s 1905 play about British physicians, The Doctor ‘s Dilemma. The dilemma then was to decide which of two patients to treat. In 1991 the U.S. Supreme Court created an end-of the-century dilemma by forcing U.S. physicians working in federally subsidized family planning clinics to choose between accepting federal funding and remaining silent about abortion or providing full information to their women patients and forgoing such funding. This dilemma is unprecedented in the United States, and by its decision, the U.S. Supreme Court radically departed from past precedents and almost enthusiastically rewrote basic legal and ethical rules implicit in the doctor-patient relationship. Under standing the legal justification for restricting physician conversations in federally funded clinics is formidable and involves a mixture of abortion politics, government-funded medical services, and our view of society ‘s obligations to the poor. Because this case portends a new rigidity and statism in the Supreme Court that may (contrary to current trends) make medical ethics much more important than medical law, it is fitting to use it to open our exploration of constitutional rights and bioethics at the millennium. ‘
Trend Surfing: The War on Drugs and Prisoners
Authors: Annas George J
Published: November 2023

To a large extent the interpretation of the Constitution is an exercise in creating and defining America. There is a constant tension between government power and the rights of individual citizens in most areas involving bioethics, especially at the beginning and end of life. The Court often speaks to major social movements by recasting the Constitution in ways the Justices believe are good for the country. This is well illustrated in two cases decided in 1989 involving the use of illegal drugs and in a 1990 case involving the rights of prisoners.
She’s Going to Die: The Tragedy of Angela Carder
Authors: Annas George J
Published: November 2023

In his short story, “The Use of Force,” William Carlos Williams relates how a doctor (probably Williams himself) used extreme physical force to pry open the mouth of a recalcitrant child who, he suspected, had diphtheria that could only be diagnosed by viewing her throat. The little girl resists his coaxing, and when, with her fathers help, the doctor finally manages to jam the wooden tongue depressor between her teeth, the child opens her mouth just enough to crunch down on the blade to “reduce it to splinters.” The doctor becomes furious with the child, whose mouth is now bleeding and who is “screaming in wild hysterical shrieks.”
Faith (Healing), Hope, and Charity at the FDA: The Politics of AlDS Drug Trials
Authors: Annas George J
Published: November 2023

AIDS forces us to confront our mortality, the limits of modern medicine, and the contours of our compassion.1 How we respond is a measure of our society, as well as a reflection of our values and priorities. As a fundamentally death-denying society, our response has been hampered by denial and shaped by faith that a technological fix will make the AIDS epidemic go away. Technology is our new religion, our “modern” way to deal with death. As novelist Don Delillo has one of his characters in White Noise put it to another who is worried about death: you can deny it, you can put your faith in religion, or you could put your faith in technology. It got you here, it can get you out. This is the whole point of technology. It creates an appetite for immortality on the one hand. It threatens universal extinction on the other It ‘s what we invented to conceal the terrible secret of our decaying bodies. But it ‘s also life, isn ‘t it? It prolongs life, it provides new organs for those that wear out. New devices, new techniques every day. Lasers, masers, ultrasound. Give yourself up to it.... They ‘ll insert you in a gleaming tube, irradiate your body with the basic stuff of the universe. Light, energy, dreams. God ‘s own goodness.
Health Law and Bioethics at the Millennium: Concluding Thoughts and a Proposal
Authors: Annas George J
Published: November 2023

The evolution of stars is inexorable. From the form in which we currently view our own sun, it and similar stars eventually expand as their exterior cools to become red giants. When a red giant runs out of fuel, its exposed core will collapse to form first a degenerate white dwarf and eventually a dead black dwarf. Health law and bioethics as disciplines seem to be on an opposite trajectory: from black dwarfs to white dwarfs, they are on their way to becoming red giants. What is health law, how is it related to bio ethics, and why is the influence of both fields expanding exponentially? The search for an answer to these questions ends in our nation ‘s law schools.
Spies in the Great War: Eyes and Ears
Authors: Richelson Jeffrey T
Published: November 2023

Spies played their role in the Great War, just as they had in earlier wars. However, for the first time in war, technology was a major factor in gathering intelligence. Combatant nations had adopted radio as a major means of communication for diplomatic and military purposes. Intercepting enemy messages often started as the by-product of maintaining an tenna systems for the receipt of one’s own communications. It soon be came clear that the time and resources devoted to eavesdropping on the enemy were well worth it. At the same time, camera-equipped aircraft flew over enemy territory taking photographs.
Aerial Spies
Authors: Richelson Jeffrey T
Published: November 2023

The Allied and Axis spies on the ground were only one part of the espionage networks dedicated to uncovering the enemy’s secrets. In addition, the photographic reconnaissance capabilities developed during the 1930s became invaluable assets to the belligerents throughout the war.