bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Le droit coutumier, les normes impératives (jus cogens), et la Cour européenne des droits de l’homme
Authors: Schabas William A.
Published: July 2021

La Cour européenne des droits de l’homme fait appel à diverses sources de droit international afin d’interpréter les normes relatives aux droits de la personne énoncées dans la Convention européenne des droits de l’homme. Elle l’a souvent justifiée en se référant à l’article 31 (3) c) de la Convention de Vienne sur le droit des traités, qui invite l’interprète de tenir compte de « toute règle pertinente de droit international applicable dans les relations entre les parties ». Bien que la Cour ne fasse aucune distinction réelle entre les instruments de droit conventionnel qui peuvent être applicables et d’autres sources, telles que les résolutions, directives et principes adoptés au niveau international, elle ne considère presque jamais le droit international coutumier en tant que source de droits fondamentaux. Exceptionnellement, elle se réfère à la coutume internationale en ce qui concerne le principe de légalité, conformément au texte de l’article 7. La Cour a fréquemment examiné le droit international coutumier, mais sur des questions autres que les droits fondamentaux, comme les immunités des États. La Cour a également déclaré que certaines normes relèvent du jus cogens. L’article examine l’utilisation du droit international coutumier et du jus cogens par la Cour européenne des droits de l’homme et propose qu’à l’avenir, elle fasse une utilisation plus importante de ces sources.
La protection des droits sociaux par la CEDH : quid de sa sororité avec la Charte sociale européenne?
Authors: Thouvenot Manon
Published: July 2021

Lors de la rédaction de la Convention européenne des droits de l’homme (CEDH), les droits sociaux, souvent définis par opposition avec les droits civils et politiques, ont fait l’objet d’une controverse quant à la nécessité de les inclure ou non dans le texte. Face à l’impossibilité de les voir formellement pris en compte dans la CEDH, il a fallu qu’un second texte soit adopté : la Charte sociale européenne. Toutefois, l’indivisibilité des droits fondamentaux ne s’accommode que très mal de cette scission idéologique, réalisée formellement par la coexistence de deux textes distincts. En pratique, d’ailleurs, tous ont pu constater que les limites entre les deux catégories de droits n’étaient pas faciles à déterminer. Il en découle une frontière « poreuse » entre les droits civils et politiques d’un côté et sociaux de l’autre, que les rédacteurs de la CEDH n’avaient pas réussi à rendre étanche il y a 70 ans et que la Cour européenne des droits de l’homme (Cour EDH) a continuellement percée depuis l’arrêt Airey en 1979. Dès lors, une comparaison entre les deux instruments de protection n’a cessé d’être faite, tentant de savoir lequel des deux était le plus à même de protéger ces droits sociaux en mal d’amour. Cette contribution cherche à mettre en perspective le travail effectué par chacun des instruments en montrant que la protection des droits sociaux était mieux effectuée par la Cour EDH jusqu’au milieu des années 2000, notamment parce que celle-ci a contribué à leur fondamentalisation et, en conséquence, à leur justiciabilisation, mais que la Charte sociale européenne, qui avait connu des débuts difficiles, a depuis lors pris le relai et s’est imposée en tant qu’instrument de référence pour leur protection au niveau européen.
Qu’est-ce qui est allemand ? Les définitions de l’identité allemande en Pologne et Tchécoslovaquie, 1945−1948
Authors: L’Abbé Florence
Published: July 2021

Lors de la Deuxième Guerre mondiale, les gouvernements polonais et tchécoslovaque en exil demandent l’appui des Alliés pour expulser les minorités allemandes de leurs pays. Une fois de retour dans leurs pays, les gouvernements ne perdent pas de temps et mettent leur plan à exécution. Or, rapidement, les pays expulseurs constatent non seulement l’ampleur de la tâche, mais aussi l’incohérence des définitions de l’identité allemande selon les réalités régionales et locales. Cet article vise d’une part à dégager les tentatives des autorités d’établir, de propager et d’uniformiser les « normes » de germanité (ce qui les transforment plutôt en « définitions » puisqu’elles changent constamment), puis d’autre part, à dresser le bilan de l’instrumentalisation de ces définitions par les gouvernements polonais et tchécoslovaque afin de légitimer leur pouvoir et de conserver leur territoire.
Agriculturas más sostenibles en condiciones del semiárido: experiencias en el Estado Ceará, Nordeste del Brasil / / / \ \ \ More sustainable agriculture in semi-arid conditions: experiences in the State of Ceará, Northeast Brazil
Authors: Küster Angela
Published: July 2021

Resumen: La agroindustria prometía la erradicación del hambre en el mundo, pero a pesar del aumento de la producción agrícola, cerca de mil millones de personas todavía pasan hambre y del otro lado mil millones padecen sobrepeso, con enfermedades crónicas. La pérdida de suelos, escasez y contaminación del agua, disminución de la biodiversidad y conflictos sociales son algunos de los fenómenos desastrosos alcanzados. Buscando soluciones, la agroecología propone principios para las agriculturas más sostenibles, con base en el conocimiento ancestral de los pueblos tradicionales e indígenas. Partimos de la hipótesis de que las agriculturas basadas en los principios agroecológicos sean más sostenibles cuando son construidos de forma democrática a partir de los territorios y se practica el manejo ecológico de los agroecosistemas. Los procesos de transiciones agroecológicas fueron investigados en el nordeste de Brasil, donde fue realizado un proyecto apoyado por la Comunidad europea durante cinco años. En este proceso las mujeres y jóvenes tienen un rol importante y decisivo en la difusión de conocimientos. Fueron realizadas evaluaciones y observaciones participativas identificando los avances en estos procesos. Se enseñan las posibilidades de producir alimentos de forma ecológica incluso en condiciones difíciles como en el semiárido.
 
Palabras clave: Agroecología, Soberanía alimentaria, Agricultura campesina, Sistemas agroalimentarios.
 
Abstract: The agroindustry promised to eradicate hunger in the world, but despite the increase in agricultural production, nearly one billion people still go hungry and on the other side one billion are overweight, with chronic diseases. The loss of soils, contamination of water and shortages, the reduction of biodiversity and social conflicts are some of the phenomena. In the search for solutions, agroecology proposes as a science principle for more sustainable agriculture, based on the ancestral knowledge of traditional and indigenous peoples. Our starting point is the hypothesis that agriculture, based on agroecological principles, is more sustainable when it is democratically constructed from the territories and practices ecological and systemic management of agro-ecosystems. The processes of agro-ecological transitions were investigated in the Northeast of Brazil, where a project supported by the European Community was carried out for five years. In this process, women and young people play an important and decisive role in the dissemination of knowledge. Participatory evaluations and observations have been carried out and progress in these processes has been identified. The possibilities of producing food in an environmentally friendly way, even under difficult conditions such as in the semi-arid region is being examined.
 
Key words: Agroecology, Food sovereignty, Peasant agriculture, Foodsystems.
Reseña. Metodología en el desarrollo local sostenible
Authors: Herraiz-Lizán Cristina
Published: July 2021

Resumen: El concepto del desarrollo local sostenible lleva entre nosotros más de tres décadas pero, en muchos casos, se hace difícil su aplicación práctica. Por ello, es necesario plantear materiales mediante los cuales los profesionales puedan diseñar planes de desarrollo y llevar al territorio los objetivos que engloban este concepto. Así, el libro “Metodologías en el desarrollo local sostenible” se plantea como una guía para introducir al lector en las técnicas más utilizadas para la elaboración de planes de desarrollo e, incluso, para el apoyo al emprendimiento en sus primeros estadios.
 
Palabras clave: desarrollo local sostenible, metodología, técnicas.
European shrinking rural areas: Key messages for a refreshed long-term vision
Authors: Copus Andrew , Kahila Petri , Dax Thomas , Kovács Katalin , Tagai Gergely , Weber Ryan , Grunfelder Julien , Meredith David , Ortega-Reig Mar , Piras Simone , Löfving Linnea , Moodie John , Fritsch Matti , Ferrandis Adrián
Published: July 2021

Resumen: El artículo comienza con un debate sobre el concepto de “contracción” y sus orígenes, fuera del ámbito del desarrollo rural. A partir de ahí, se muestra la distribución de las zonas rurales en contracción en toda Europa. A continuación, se describen los procesos socioeconómicos que impulsan el declive demográfico en las zonas rurales, utilizando tanto la revisión bibliográfica del proyecto ESCAPE como los resultados de sus ocho estudios de caso. Seguidamente, se describe de forma breve la evolución de las intervenciones de la UE para paliar los efectos del declive demográfico, y se hacen algunas observaciones sobre el panorama político/de gobernanza actual. Concluimos considerando cómo una mejor comprensión del problema y del proceso de reducción puede conducir a intervenciones más eficaces, en el contexto de una visión renovada a largo plazo para el medio rural europeo. Este último debe reconocer plenamente el creciente abanico de oportunidades a las que se enfrentan las zonas rurales, a medida que la COVID-19 cambia estas y se aceleran las transformaciones en el comportamiento laboral y en la geografía de la actividad económica, y se cumplen los anteriores cambios graduales en la tecnología y los mercados.
 
Palabras clave: Espacios rurales, declive demográfico, enfoque neo-endógeno, crecimiento inclusivo.

Abstract: The paper begins with a discussion of the concept of “shrinking”, and its origins, outside the realm of rural development. Building on this, the paper shows the distribution of shrinking rural areas across Europe. Using both the project’s literature review and findings from its eight case studies the socio-economic processes which drive demographic decline in rural areas are then described. A brief account of the evolution of EU interventions to alleviate the effects of shrinking, and some remarks about the current policy/governance landscape follow. We conclude by considering how a better understanding of the problem and process of shrinking may lead to more effective interventions, within the context of a refreshed long-term vision for Rural Europe. The latter needs to fully acknowledge the expanding repertoire of opportunities confronting rural areas as COVID-19 changes in working behaviour, and the geography of economic activity, accelerate, and fulfil, previously incremental shifts in technology and markets.
 
Key words: Rural areas, demographic decline, neo-endogenous approach, inclusive growth.
Perfil del personal técnico en gestión del desarrollo local en la Comunidad Valenciana. Un primer estudio exploratorio sobre funciones, necesidades y percepciones de su ejercicio profesional (2019) / / / \ \ \ Profile of technical staff in local development management in the Valencian Community. A first exploratory study on functions, needs and perceptions of their professional practice (2019)
Authors: Martínez Puche Antonio
Published: July 2021

Resumen: El ejercicio profesional en la Comunidad Valenciana, data de mediados de los años 1980. En el año 2001 se crea ADLYPSE. Poco ha cambiado la situación de los ADLs  en las últimas décadas. El profesional de desarrollo local y sus funciones es un tema que con el tiempo ha derivado en competencias en empleo y gestión de subvenciones. En la Comunidad Valenciana es un caso que se ha agudizado en la última década. Esto ha derivado en un descontento de los profesionales y en una limitación de otras funciones en las que el profesional de desarrollo local podría participar, para que repercutieran en la diversificación de las actividades socioeconómicas del territorio en el que desempeña su profesión. Se trata de plantear un análisis y proposición de la situación de los Agentes de Empleo y Desarrollo Local vinculados a ADLYPSE, que ha sido el objeto de estudio de nuestra investigación durante 2019.
 
Palabras clave: Desarrollo local, funciones, perfiles profesionales, trabaja en red, diversificación económica, empleo.
 
Abstract: Professional practice in the Valencian Community dates back to the mid-1980s. In 2001 ADLYPSE was created. Little has changed in the situation of the ADLs in two decades. The local development professional and his or her functions is an issue that over time has led to skills in employment and grant management. In the Valencian Community this is a case that has become more acute in the last decade. This has led to dissatisfaction among professionals and a limitation of other functions in which the local development professional could participate in activities that impact on the diversification of socio-economic activities in the territory in which they work. It is a question of proposing an analysis and a proposal of the situation of the Employment and Local Development Agents linked to ADLYPSE, which has been the subject of our research during 2019.
 
Key words: Local development, roles, professional profiles, networking, economic diversification, employment.
Lugares olvidados. Degradación ecológica y abandono institucional en la cuenca alta del río Mijares (Teruel) / / / \ \ \ Forgotten places. Ecological degradation and institutional abandonment in the upper basin of the Mijares river (Teruel)
Authors: Riera Rodríguez Aloma , Del Romero Renau Luis , Pérez Pérez Míkel , Leiva González María José
Published: July 2021

Resumen: La degradación de la calidad del agua y de la vegetación de ribera en los ríos mediterráneos es hoy en día un importante problema ambiental.  El río Mijares discurre por la provincia de Teruel desde su nacimiento en la Sierra de Gúdar -municipio de El Castellar-, a 1.500 metros de altura y forma impresionantes cañones y paisajes fluviales en este tramo alto de un gran valor ambiental. Sin embargo, en este trabajo se analiza de manera cualitativa la calidad de sus aguas y de la vegetación de ribera para mostrar que este gran recurso territorial para el desarrollo rural de la zona presenta unos niveles de contaminación preocupantes. Posteriormente se argumenta a la luz de los datos obtenidos, que las áreas en despoblación y con muy escasa presencia humana también presentan problemas ambientales que están relacionados con una presencia institucional muy débil en este tipo de territorios.
 
Palabras clave: cursos fluviales, problemas ambientales, despoblación, Teruel.
 
Abstract: The degradation of water quality and riparian vegetation in Mediterranean rivers is today a major environmental problem. The upper basin of the Mijares river flows through the province of Teruel from its source in the municipality of El Castellar at 1,500 meters high and forms some impressive canyons and river landscapes in this upper section of great environmental value. However, this research qualitatively analyzes the quality of its waters and the riverside vegetation to show that this great territorial resource for rural development in the area presents important levels of degradation. Subsequently, it is discussed in the light of the data obtained, that the areas in depopulation and with very little human presence also present environmental problems that are related to a very weak institutional presence in this type of territories.
 
Key words: rivers, environmental problems, depopulation, Teruel
Reseña. Rural Renaissance: Derecho y medio rural
Authors: Bellés Monserrat Sergio
Published: July 2021

Resumen: El monográfico dirigido por Marcos Matías Fernando Pablo y José Luis Domínguez Álvarez recoge 17 artículos de diferentes autores cuyos vínculos con los espacios rurales son muy diversos. Resumidamente, se enuncia cómo la despoblación en las áreas rurales españolas, en general, y de Castilla y León, en particular, lleva asociadas unas causas y unas consecuencias que van más allá de lo estrictamente demográfico. A grandes rasgos, de esta obra se puede establecer que la despoblación es una problemática multicausal en la que los factores ambientales, económicos y sociales se retroalimentan, llegando a observarse, desde una escala territorial, afecciones desfavorables. Conviene destacar que se hace especial hincapié en las repercusiones positivas o negativas que, de manera más o menos directa, el Derecho y la legislación española y castellanoleonesa tienen sobre el medio rural español. En esta línea, se describen los instrumentos legislativos que, no teniendo en cuenta su distinta naturaleza territorial, o dificultan el desarrollo de las áreas rurales, o no les otorgan las suficientes ventajas comparativas, por lo que se puede afirmar que no son adecuados para tratar de fomentar su desarrollo. La obra incluye casos exitosos de desarrollo rural y algunas acciones y medidas que, desde el punto de vista legislativo, se deberían implementar para frenar el declive poblacional, primero, y tratar de revertir las dinámicas demográficas, después; por último, se hace especial referencia a la nueva realidad que la COVID19 puede provocar para los espacios rurales.
 
Palabras clave: Derecho, espacios rurales, declive demográfico, envejecimiento poblacional, problemática multicausal.
La importancia de la participación ciudadana en la toma de decisiones del desarrollo rural (Rincón de Soto, La Rioja, España) / / / \ \ \ The importance of citizen participation in rural development decision-making (Rincón de Soto, La Rioja, Spain)
Authors: Llorente-Adán José Ángel
Published: July 2021

Resumen: Enclavado en el valle del Ebro, Rincón de Soto es uno municipio dinámico de La Rioja (España). Su término municipal es pequeño, 19 km2, aunque con unos suelos muy fértiles y con una larga tradición agrícola, que se ve amenazado por la construcción de una variante ferroviaria. Su sólida estructura económica fundamentada en el sector industrial y una agricultura intensiva muy competitiva pueden verse afectados negativamente. El gran desafío futuro que se le presenta a la localidad es afrontar la integración del ferrocarril desde la gobernanza participativa. El objetivo de este trabajo es aportar, desde la perspectiva geográfica, una mayor claridad (paisajística, medioambiental, socioeconómica, etnográfica), así como destacar la importancia de la participación ciudadana en la toma de decisiones. Metodológicamente, se ha utilizado un cuestionario realizado a la población rinconera de donde se extraen los resultados presentados en este trabajo científico. El desarrollo rural de Rincón será impulsado o frenado dependiendo de cómo se afronte este gran reto. Como en todo proceso de gobernanza territorial, la decisión más acertada será aquella que cuente con el respaldo ciudadano y, en este caso, los rinconeros se postulan por el trazado Sur de los dos proyectos de variante propuestos.
 
Palabras clave: Desarrollo local, ordenación del territorio, gobernanza participativa.
 
Abstract: Located in the Ebro valley, Rincón de Soto is a dynamic municipality in La Rioja (Spain). Its municipal area is small, of 19 km2, although with very fertile land and a long agricultural tradition, which is threatened by the construction of a new railway line. Its strong economic structure is based on a powerful industrial sector and a highly competitive intensive farming could be negatively affected. The great future challenge for the town will be to face the integration of the railway from a participatory governance point of view. The aim of this paper is to contribute, from a geographic perspective, greater clarity (landscape, environmental, socioeconomic, ethnographic), as well as to highlight the importance of citizen participation in decision-making. Methodologically, a questionnaire among the inhabitants of Rincón has been carried out. The results from these questionnaires are the ones presented in this scientific paper. The rural development of Rincón will be boosted or slowed down depending on how this challenge is tackled. As in any process of territorial governance, the best decision will be the one that has the support of the citizens and, in this case, people from Rincon are in favor of the southern route of the two proposed bypass projects.
 
Key words: Local development, regional planning, participatory governance.
Reseña. De Marco Polo al Low Cost. Perfiles del turismo contemporáneo
Authors: Peñarrubia Zaragoza María Pilar
Published: July 2021

Resumen: Se trata de un libro de carácter multidisciplinar coordinado por Héctor Martínez Sánchez-Mateos y María Rubio Marín, que aborda la visión turística de España desde la perspectiva de las humanidades. Lo constituyen quince capítulos escritos por una veintena de profesores de la Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, estructurados en tres partes, que tratan en primer lugar la transformación y conversión del viaje en turismo; en una segunda parte, se muestran distintas tipologías turísticas, identificadas desde principios de s. XX, como los castillos como recurso turístico, la percepción turística en la postguerra, la red de residencias de la obra sindical, el turismo literario, el “efecto Guggenheim” o el caso de Málaga resignificada como ciudad turística cultural; por último, en la tercera parte del libro se reflexiona sobre el turismo en la comunidad de Castilla-La Mancha desde la perspectiva del desarrollo territorial, los materiales turísticos, el uso de la fotografía, el desarrollo territorial, el paisaje en espacios protegidos, las áreas volcánicas y la despoblación. Con ello los autores consiguen hacer una revisión del fenómeno turístico que supera la clásica visión economicista.
 
Palabras clave: turismo rural, turismo cultural, despoblación, desarrollo territorial, paisaje.
Reseña. Comunidades discriminadas y territorios rurales abandonados. Políticas públicas y derecho administrativo frente a la despoblación
Authors: Iturrino-Guerrero Javier
Published: July 2021

Resumen: La obra “Comunidades discriminadas y territorios rurales abandonados. Políticas públicas y derecho administrativo frente a la despoblación” del joven jurista, investigador (FPU) del Departamento de Derecho Administrativo, Financiero y Procesal de la Facultad de Derecho de la Universidad de Salamanca, José Luis Domínguez Álvarez, supone una bocanada de aire fresco a los legos del derecho y la jurisprudencia. Una obra que desmenuza los terrones de las leyes, programas, instrumentos y herramientas enraizadas en el mundo rural, dando lugar al drama de la despoblación y el abandono. Sin embargo, esta aportación insta a las Administraciones Públicas a preparar el campo para plantar una nueva simiente que sea, verdaderamente, la búsqueda de la igualdad real y el equilibrio territorial evitando la sangría demográfica en el mundo rural.
 
 
Palabras clave: medio rural, éxodo rural, desigualdades territoriales, vivienda, telecomunicaciones.
Un sistema de indicadores para medir el trabajo decente. Aplicación al caso piloto de la comarca del Montsià (Tarragona, Cataluña) / / / \ \ \ A system of indicators to measure decent work. Application to the pilot case of the Montsià region (Tarragona, Catalonia)
Authors: Betancourt López Indira , Riera Spiegelhalder Mar , Ferrandis Martínez Adrián , Ortega-Reig Mar Violeta , Del Alcázar Indarte Héctor , Escardaccione Giuseppe , Sánchez Cabrera José Vicente , Vañó de Urquijo Itziar , Torres Puche Álvaro , Del Alcázar Garrido Joan
Published: July 2021

Resumen: La inseguridad y la vulnerabilidad laboral del siglo XXI son asignaturas pendientes de resolver. Es por ello que, el acceso al Trabajo Decente, se ha convertido en una necesidad de las sociedades modernas, abocadas a un ritmo de productividad que no sólo deja poco margen a la vida personal y familiar, sino que, además, ha convertido la precariedad en un problema de grandes dimensiones. Los actores locales que forman parte importante en la toma decisiones necesitan herramientas para medir e implementar políticas conducentes a alcanzar la dignidad en el trabajo, tal y como estipulan grandes organismos internacionales como la OIT y la OMS. Este artículo presenta un sistema de indicadores que permiten medir el impacto y la calidad de las políticas en materia de empleo. Un sistema de indicadores que ya fue aplicado con éxito en la comarca catalana del Montsià.
 
Palabras clave: Trabajo Decente, indicadores de trabajo decente, conciliación, empleabilidad, productividad.
 
Abstract: The insecurity and job vulnerability of the 21st century are pending issues. That is why access to Decent Work has become a necessity in modern societies, engaged in a rate of productivity that not only leaves little room for personal and family life, but has also made precariousness in a large problem. Local actors that are an important part in decision-making need tools to measure and implement policies that lead to achieving dignity at work, as stipulated by large international organizations such as the ILO and the WHO. This article presents a system of indicators that make it possible to measure the impact and quality of employment policies. A system of indicators that has already been successfully applied in the Catalan region of Montsià.
 
Key words: Decent Work, decent work indicators, work-life balance, employability, productivity.
Informe editorial, números 7 y 8 (2020-2021)
Authors: Escribano Pizarro Jaime , Valera Lozano Antonio
Published: July 2021

Informe editorial de TERRA: objetivos propuestos; acciones realizadas; resultados obtenidos; próximas actuaciones para la consolidación de la revista; presupuesto 2021 y ejecución 2020; métricas, ránkings y fuentes bibliográficas; análisis de contenidos; y evaluadores externos. Contextualización de las aportaciones en Homenaje al Profe. Joan Noguera Tur.
“Trascinando muli e sofferenze”: la Grecia lontana di Mario Rigoni Stern
Authors: Di Benedetto Sergio
Published: July 2021

This article aims to analyse the reasons for the unexpected absence of Greece in Mario Rigoni Stern’s works about the Italian military campaign against Greece during the winter of 1940-1941. As a young soldier, Rigoni Stern fought in that terrible war in the Albanian mountains, close to the Greek line, and recounted those events many years later. I focus in particular on Quota Albania (1971), in an attempt to show that the novel is not only a memoir, but rather a Bildungsroman, in which he recounts his personal life, his disillusionment with Italian disorganisation and the difficult conditions he endured, the cold and hunger. Furthermore, I would like to explain that the surprising indifference to Greek events is linked not only to the author’s narrative intention, but also to the fact that in the final battle Rigoni Stern did not go to Greece, and never returned thereafter. On the other hand, his unfamiliarity with the Mediterranean justifies the lack of descriptive details of the Greek landscape.
Carrefours: Migrants’ Support Volunteer Tourism in Lesvos
Authors: Di Matteo Giovanna
Published: July 2021

Lesvos (Greece) has become over the last few years the emblem of human migration to Europe. As a consequence of the so-called “migration crisis” in 2015, people from all over the world who, first in a self-organized way and then structuring themselves into associations and organizations, wanted to bring support to migrants in transit or blocked on the island arrived developing what I define migrants’ support volunteer tourism. After defining the historical and contemporary context, I define the tourist framework and in particular this (relatively) new form of volunteer tourism. Keeping in mind that tourism – often described as a panacea for the Mediterranean islands – does not necessarily mean encounter with the other, I try to analyse voluntary tourism from the point of view of the possible relationships that are created thanks to the intersection of two forms of contemporary mobility: tourism and migration.
Boolean logic algebra driven similarity measure for text based applications
Authors: Abdalla Hassan I. , Amer Ali A.
Published: July 2021

In Information Retrieval (IR), Data Mining (DM), and Machine Learning (ML), similarity measures have been widely used for text clustering and classification. The similarity measure is the cornerstone upon which the performance of most DM and ML algorithms is completely dependent. Thus, till now, the endeavor in literature for an effective and efficient similarity measure is still immature. Some recently-proposed similarity measures were effective, but have a complex design and suffer from inefficiencies. This work, therefore, develops an effective and efficient similarity measure of a simplistic design for text-based applications. The measure developed in this work is driven by Boolean logic algebra basics (BLAB-SM), which aims at effectively reaching the desired accuracy at the fastest run time as compared to the recently developed state-of-the-art measures. Using the term frequency–inverse document frequency (TF-IDF) schema, the K-nearest neighbor (KNN), and the K-means clustering algorithm, a comprehensive evaluation is presented. The evaluation has been experimentally performed for BLAB-SM against seven similarity measures on two most-popular datasets, Reuters-21 and Web-KB. The experimental results illustrate that BLAB-SM is not only more efficient but also significantly more effective than state-of-the-art similarity measures on both classification and clustering tasks.
Transcriptional landscape in rat intestines under hypobaric hypoxia
Authors: Tian Liuyang , Jia Zhilong , Xu Zhenguo , Shi Jinlong , Zhao XiaoJing , He Kunlun
Published: July 2021

Oxygen metabolism is closely related to the intestinal homeostasis environment, and the occurrence of many intestinal diseases is as a result of the destruction of oxygen gradients. The hypobaric hypoxic environment of the plateau can cause dysfunction of the intestine for humans, such as inflammation. The compensatory response of the small intestine cells to the harsh environment definitely changes their gene expression. How the small intestine cells response the hypobaric hypoxic environment is still unclear. We studied the rat small intestine under hypobaric hypoxic conditions to explore the transcriptional changes in rats under acute/chronic hypobaric hypoxic conditions. We randomly divided rats into three groups: normal control group (S), acute hypobaric hypoxia group, exposing to hypobaric hypoxic condition for 2 weeks (W2S) and chronic hypobaric hypoxia group, exposing to hypobaric hypoxic condition for 4 weeks (W4S). The RNA sequencing was performed on the small intestine tissues of the three groups of rats. The results of principal component analysis showed that the W4S and W2S groups were quite different from the control group. We identified a total of 636 differentially expressed genes, such as ATP binding cassette, Ace2 and Fabp. KEGG pathway analysis identified several metabolic and digestive pathways, such as PPAR signaling pathway, glycerolipid metabolism, fat metabolism, mineral absorption and vitamin metabolism. Cogena analysis found that up-regulation of digestive and metabolic functions began from the second week of high altitude exposure. Our study highlights the critical role of metabolic and digestive pathways of the intestine in response to the hypobaric hypoxic environment, provides new aspects for the molecular effects of hypobaric hypoxic environment on intestine, and raises further questions about between the lipid metabolism disorders and inflammation.
UM REGISTRO A/R/TOGRÁFICO AO OLHAR PARA OS PRÓPRIOS PROCESSOS DE SENSIBILIZAÇÃO NO ENSINO DA ARTE-DANÇA E SUAS TRANVERSALIDADES
Authors: Darolt Ana Paula , Da Cruz Souza Marco Aurélio
Published: July 2021

Este artigo resulta do Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso intitulado “UM olhar a/r/togrÁFICO PARA OS PROCESSOS DE sensibilização No ENSINO DA ARTE/DANÇA E SUAS TRANVERSALIDADES”, sob orientação do Professor Dr. Marco Aurelio da Cruz Souza e co-orientação da Dra. Giovana Bianca Darolt Hillesheim, que utilizou-se da A/R/Tografia e da autoetnografia como processo metodológico. Nesse sentido, busca apresentar algumas reflexões acerca do sensível na experiência educacional de uma das autoras e em sua própria constituição enquanto professora, artista e pesquisadora. Palavras-chave: Arte; Dança; Educação; Sensível; A/R/tografia.
History of Plasma Display Reflected by Patents
Authors: Baltag Octavian
Published: July 2021

The paper is a historical presentation of the development of television and presents chronologically the evolution of the use of plasma in television.

The first inventors who proposed the use of plasmas together with imagined solutions and patents related to plasma display panel - PDP are presented.

The first attempt to accomplish an extra flat display by using a modified cathode tube is also presented. Yet, the technological difficulties stopped its utilization at a large scale in television. The solutions that determined the realization of certain TV displays with applications in other fields of electronics are also introduced. A pioneer invention from the 1960’s, which set the bases of future TV displays, is also specified. The utilization in the 1970’s was the most adequate technological solution for the realization of the first thin displays, a solution which survived even after the appearance of the LCD and LED systems.
Atmospheric Benzene and Determination of Trans, Trans-Muconic Acid of Workers at Oil Sites in Pointe-Noire
Authors: Ataboho Ebenguela Ebatetou , Nsemi Josué Richard Ntsimba , Moukassa Donatien
Published: July 2021

Trans, trans-muconic acid is generally considered a useful biomarker of exposure to benzene that occurs naturally in crude oil.

Objective: To estimate exposure of benzene to workers in an oil and gas production company.

Materials and Methods: Firstly, it was a descriptive, cross-sectional study which consisted of benzene atmospheric quantification in a sample individual measurements of a homogeneous exposure group of workers. Secondly, urinary assays of trans, trans-muconic acid have been performed at the end of the shift in the selected workers.

Results: A total of 79 (47.88%) workers agreed to participate in the study. Seventeen atmospheric samples were usable and 79 urinary assays at the end of the shift were carried out. The average benzene concentration for all sites was 10 times lower than the regulatory average exposure value (1 ppm=3.25 mg/m3):average: 0.122pp, median: 0.053ppm and range: 0.019-1.448 ppm. All 79 urinary assays of trans, trans-muconic acid were below the biological exposure index (<500 µg/g creatinine) with an average of 37.34 µg/g creatinine, a median of 30 µg/g creatinine, and an extent from 10 to 150 µg/g creatinine.

Conclusion: Airborne benzene concentrations were below company limits. The same was true for the urinary assays of trans, trans-muconic acid. Overall, therefore, exposure to benzene is low in this company. However, there is a need to maintain regular medical surveillance as the risk of exposure is ongoing.
Variations in Biochemical Constituents for Tolerance to Nematode and Fusarium wilt Complex in Select Banana Hybrids
Authors: Pavan P. R. , Kavitha C. , Paramaguru P. , Manoranjitham S. K. , Vetrivelkalai P.
Published: July 2021

Banana is one of the most important fruit crops cultivated worldwide and its cultivation is hampered by infestation by nematode and Fusarium wilt complex. A pot culture experiment was conducted to study the change in biochemical constituents due to the inoculation of nematodes followed by Fusarium pathogen in select banana hybrids. The results indicated that the increase in production of defense-related compounds and enzymes such as total phenols, lignin, PO, PPO and PAL in the root tissues of inoculated plants. Among the four select banana hybrids, NPH-02-01 recorded high total phenol content (586.92 µg-1) and H 531 recorded high lignin content (1.58 %). Similarly the hybrid NPH-02-01 registered the higher activity of PO (3.5 abs.min-1.g-1), PPO (0.23 abs.min-1.g-1) and PAL (14.83 abs.min-1.g-1) when compared to other hybrids. The percentage increase of all the constituents in the hybrid NPH-02-01 was found to be comparatively higher with uninoculated plants and check cultivars.
Effects of Consuming Different Varieties of Bambara Nut (Vigna subterranea) Seeds on Liver and Kidney of Diabetic and Non-diabetic Subject
Authors: Mohammed Abdulrashid , Mhya Daniel Hassan
Published: July 2021

Aims: Bambara nut seeds have been reported as a good source of food with high fiber and nutritional contents, and is consumed by persons with diabetes as one of the dietary therapy. However, the plant seeds are of different varieties and whether they might have vary biological effects on renal and liver functions is not fully known. This has prompted the study to evaluate effects of consuming different varieties of Bambara Nut seeds on liver and kidney of both diabetic and non-diabetic rats.

Methodology: Four Bambara nut seeds varieties were dehulled and each heated at 60oC, cooled then grounded into flour using a mechanical grinder. The flours were used to formulate feeds which were given to different diabetic and non-diabetic rats’ groups as follows; group A (ALK01 feed), group B (ALK02 feed), group C (ALK03 feed), group D (ALK04 feed), group E (Basal feed), and group F (Normal animal’s feed). The animals were fed for 28 days then sacrifice, blood collected and serum separated and used for hepatic and renal parameters analysis.

Results: The results of the study showed decrease levels of serum total protein and albumin, and elevation of AST and ALT activities as well as urea and creatinine concentrations in diabetic rats fed basal and normal diets, whereas, reverse in these parameters were recorded from diabetic rats fed varieties of Bambara nut seeds’ formulated feeds. 

Conclusion: Findings from the study suggest consumption of Bambara nut seeds of different varieties is safe and has ability to ameliorate diabetic hepatic and renal failure in a variety dependent manner where; ALK 04 is more likely the most effective.
Methylovorus
Authors: Doronina Nina V. , Kaparullina Elena N. , Agafonova Nadezhda V.
Published: July 2021

Me.thy.lo.vo'rus. N.L. neut. n.
methylum
the methyl group; N.L. masc. adj.
vorus
consuming; N.L. masc.n.
Methylovorus
the methyl consumer.

Proteobacteria / Betaproteobacteria / Methylophilales / Methylophilaceae / Methylovorus

The genus
Methylovorus
accommodates obligate and restricted facultative methylotrophs. Cells of these methylotrophic bacteria are Gram‐stain negative, aerobic, and motile rods with single polar flagellum, which multiply by binary fission and occur singly without aggregation. Cells do not possess endospores, intracellular membranes, or poly‐β‐hydroxybutyrate granules and prosthecae. Cells of some strains produce slime. Members of this genus are able to utilize methanol via the ribulose monophosphate (RuMP) pathway of C
1
assimilation. These bacteria possess an incomplete tricarboxylic acid cycle because they lack α‐ketoglutarate dehydrogenase. Enzymes of the glyoxylate cycle (malate synthase and isocitrate lyase) are absent. Some strains can grow on methylamine and poorly on glucose or fructose. No growth occurs on rich media with peptone and under CH
4
 + O
2
or H
2
 + CO
2
 + O
2
in the gas phase. These methylotrophic bacteria are mesophilic, neutrophilic, and nonhalophilic. Vitamins or other growth factors are not required for growth. Nitrogen sources are ammonium salts, nitrates, and some amino acids. Indole is produced from
l
‐tryptophan on mineral medium with methanol and KNO
3
. The major fatty acids are C
16:0
and C
16:1
ω7
c
.

Known habitats are wastewater, soil, or phyllosphere and rhizosphere of various plants.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 54.0–55.4 (
T
m
and genome sequence).

Type species
:
Methylovorus glucosotrophus
Govorukhina and Trotsenko 1991
VP
.
Impact of Preoperative and Incident Musculoskeletal Problematic Areas on Postoperative Outcomes After Total Knee Replacement
Authors: Zhang MaryAnn , Selzer Faith , Losina Elena , Collins Jamie E. , Katz Jeffrey N.
Published: July 2021

Objective

To examine impact of pre‐existing and incident problematic musculoskeletal (MSK) areas after total knee replacement (TKR) on postoperative 60‐month Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) pain/function scores.

Methods

Using data from a randomized controlled trial of subjects undergoing TKR for osteoarthritis, we assessed problematic MSK areas in six body regions before TKR and 12, 24, 36, and 48 months after TKR. We defined the following two variables: 1) density count (number of problematic MSK areas occurring after TKR; range 0‐24) and 2) cumulative density count (problematic MSK areas both before and after TKR, categorized into four levels: no preoperative areas and density count of 0‐1 [reference group]; no preoperative areas and density count of 2 or more; one or more preoperative areas and density count of 0‐1; and one or more preoperative areas and density count of 2 or greater). We evaluated the associations between categorized 60‐month WOMAC and cumulative density count by ordinal logistic regression.

Results

Among 230 subjects, 24% reported one or more preoperative problematic MSK area. After TKR, 75% reported a density count of 0 to 1; 25% reported a density count of 2 or more. Compared with the reference group, each cumulative density count category was associated with an increased odds of having a higher category of 60‐month WOMAC pain score, as follows: 2.97 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.48‐5.98) for no preoperative problematic areas and density count of 2 or greater, 3.31 (95% CI, 1.64‐6.66) for one or more preoperative problematic areas and density count of 0 to 1, and 2.85 (95% CI, 0.97‐8.39) for one or more preoperative problematic areas and density count of 2 or greater. Similar associations were observed with 60‐month WOMAC function score.

Conclusion

In TKR recipients, the presence of problematic musculoskeletal areas beyond the index knee—preoperatively and/or postoperatively—was associated with worse 60‐month WOMAC pain/function score.
Direct‐Chill Casting of Large‐Scale Al–Cu Alloy Ingot Under Ultrasound: Distribution of Physical Fields and Analysis of Microstructure
Authors: Zhang Li , Li Xiaoqian , Li Ruiqing , Jiang Ripeng , Zhang Lihua , Guan Shaokang , Liu Bingbing
Published: July 2021

The quality of the round ingot is one of the major factors that constrain the final performance of the large ring for aerospace applications. Herein, to reduce the defects from the start, ultrasound is applied to assist the direct‐chill casting of the large‐scale ingot (1100 mm diameter, 4680 mm length). Results show that coarse dendritic or petaloid α‐Al grains are reduced with the highest refining efficiency of 24.2% at the center part, which is attributed to the increased cooling rate induced by the ultrasonic vibration and ultrasound‐forced convection. Meanwhile, owing to the redistribution of Cu element under the ultrasound‐forced convection, Cu distributes more uniformly at the macro level and the Cu content in the Al matrix is increased. Under the combined effects of the lowered Cu enrichment between fragmented dendrites and the depressed growth in the narrowed mushy zone under ultrasound, the formation of coarsening divorced eutectic structure correspondingly decreases, with area fractions being reduced by 18.5%, 18.7%, and 24.8% at the center, r/2, and the edge, respectively.
Best of Both Worlds: Synergistically Derived Material Properties via Additive Manufacturing of Nanocomposites
Authors: Carrola Mia , Asadi Amir , Zhang Han , Papageorgiou Dimitrios G. , Bilotti Emiliano , Koerner Hilmar
Published: July 2021

With an exponential rise in the popularity and availability of additive manufacturing (AM), a large focus has been directed toward research in this topic's movement, while trying to distinguish themselves from similar works by simply adding nanomaterials to their process. Though nanomaterials can add impressive properties to nanocomposites (NCs), there are expansive amounts of opportunities that are left unexplored by simply combining AM with NCs without discovering synergistic effects and novel emerging material properties that are not possible by each of these alone. Cooperative, evolving properties of NCs in AM can be investigated at the processing, morphological, and architectural levels. Each of these categories are studied as a function of the amplifying relationship between nanomaterials and AM, with each showing the systematically selected material and method to advance the material performance, explore emergent properties, as well as improve the AM process itself. Innovative, advanced materials are key to faster development cycles in disruptive technologies for bioengineering, defense, and transportation sectors. This is only possible by focusing on synergism and amplification within additive manufacturing of nanocomposites.
Triple Enzyme‐Regulated Molecular Hydrogels for Carrier‐Free Delivery of Lonidamine
Authors: Wu Can , Wang Chunlu , Zheng Yaoyao , Zheng Yaxin , Liu Ziqi , Xu Keming , Zhong Wenying
Published: July 2021

Cancerous cells exhibit overexpression of multiple enzymes in various cellular compartments. These enzymes are often undruggable, yet display unique advantages in regulating intracellular self‐assembly and dis‐assembly of small molecules for cancer targeting. Herein, a self‐assembling molecule (LND‐1p‐ES) for carrier‐free delivery of lonidamine specifically to cancerous cells is designed, where LND‐1p‐ES executes as both a drug and a carrier with combined benefits thereof. Under the precise regulation of phosphatase (ALP) and esterase (CES), LND‐1p‐ES is capable of self‐assembling intracellularly in a spatiotemporal manner, to confer lonidamine‐borne nanofibers with enhanced cellular uptake. These nanofibers also facilitate controlled drug release with the aid of cellular proteases. Taking advantages of overexpressing ALP and CES as well as proteases in cancerous cells, the LND‐1p‐ES formulation demonstrates enhanced potency and selectivity against melanoma cells A375 in vitro and in vivo. In comparison, none/single enzyme responsive compounds fail to show a similar potency or selectivity, further confirming the indispensable roles of these enzymes in the delivery system. Collectively, the research provides a viable strategy to utilize multiple enzymes in cancerous cells for regulation of intracellular self‐assembly, which can be expanded to design smart soft materials responsive to multiple biologically relevant biomolecules for enhanced therapeutic efficacy.
Anticorrosive Copper Current Collector Passivated by Self‐Assembled Porous Membrane for Highly Stable Lithium Metal Batteries
Authors: Wen Zuxin , Fang Wenqiang , Chen Long , Guo Ziwei , Zhang Ning , Liu Xiaohe , Chen Gen
Published: July 2021

The regulation of lithium plating/stripping behavior is considered to be critical for next‐generation safe and high‐energy‐density lithium metal batteries. Lithium deposition with maximum granular size and minimum microstructural tortuosity can significantly improve the lithium plating/stripping efficiency. Here, a self‐assembled organosilane layer with nanopores is constructed on Cu current collector surface via a thiol‐Cu reaction. In contrast to typical stacked‐particle morphology with small grain size and high specific area in ether electrolyte, dough‐like and lateral‐growth lithium deposition can be plated on the modified Cu current collector due to the low surface energy of a lithiophilic SiOSi membrane. The planar and dense lithium deposition contributes to the stable implementation of up to near 500 cycles in full cells with high‐loading LiFePO4 cathode. Anticorrosion in rigorous Cl‐ion containing solution can even be achieved due to the corrosive repellency of hydrophobic organosilane. A high Coulombic efficiency (97.12%) is remained after corroding for 300 min. Moreover, the irreversible capacity loss caused by galvanic corrosion, an ignored but crucial aspect, has been significantly suppressed due to the passivation of high‐redox‐potential Cu by organosilane coating.