bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pobreza multidimensional no Brasil: uma análise do período 2004-2015
Authors: SILVA JOSÉ JAIME DA , BRUNO MIGUEL ANTONIO PINHO , SILVA DENISE BRITZ DO NASCIMENTO
Published: February 2020

RESUMO Este artigo constrói um Índice de Pobreza Multidimensional (IPM) para o Brasil, utilizando informações da PNAD/IBGE e faz a análise de sua evolução no período 2004-2015. O IPM proposto foi adaptado daquele desenvolvido por Alkire e Santos (2013). Os resultados obtidos corroboram a redução da incidência da pobreza multidimensional no Brasil. Contudo, as pessoas saem da pobreza para a condição de vulnerabilidade, mostrando uma melhoria gradual das condições de vida da população. Regionalmente, houve redução da incidência da pobreza em todas as regiões, principalmente nas regiões Norte e Nordeste.
New starting point(s): Marx, technological revolutions and changes in the centre-periphery divide
Authors: PAULA JOÃO ANTONIO DE , DE DEUS LEONARDO GOMES , CERQUEIRA HUGO EDUARDO DA GAMA , ALBUQUERQUE EDUARDO DA MOTTA E
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACT This paper presents the last book that Marx excerpted in his life: La Physique Moderne, written by Hospitalier and published in 1882. This last Notebook (B156, in the IISG’s archives) contains hints of other issues that he was researching in his last years, especially societies at the periphery. This combination of issues - an emerging technological revolution and societies at the periphery - may contribute to a better understanding of connections between technological revolutions and the centre-periphery divide. Technological revolutions, sources of new starting points, have been shaping and reshaping the structure of that divide, its nature and structure.
The convergences between post Keynesian and developmental approaches: the post Keynesianism applied to emerging countries
Authors: MANNA JOÃO VICENTE NOVAES CAMARGO
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACT Post Keynesian theory is often seen in a somewhat standardized way, possessing a series of attributes common to all its strands. However, it is possible to think that post Keynesianism does not keep the same form when dealing with developed countries and emerging countries. If this theory adapts to the treatment of emerging economies, it is possible that this theory gains similar outlines to the economic policies specifically discussed for the analysis of the context of underdevelopment, that is, developmental policies.
Item Response Theory-based validation of a short form of the Disordered Eating Attitude Scale (DEAS-s) to a Brazilian sample
Authors: Alvarenga Marle dos Santos , Santos Thanise Sabrina Souza , Andrade Dalton
Published: February 2020

This study aimed to validate a short version of the Disordered Eating Attitude Scale (DEAS-s). To this end, 2,902 adult individuals answered the original DEAS and informed age, weight, and height. Data were analyzed using the full-information factor analysis and Item Response Theory (IRT) analysis. Exclusion criteria retained items with adequate values of commonality and factor loadings. Estimation of IRT parameters, the Item Characteristic Curve (ICC), and test information guided the selection of the best quality items. The final model adjustment was evaluated using Root Mean Square Error of Approximation (RMSEA), Standardized Root Mean Square Residual (SRMSR), Comparative Fit Index (CFI), and Tucker-Lewis Index (TLI). The eating attitudes on each level of DEAS-s were described. The analyses were performed on R software and Microsoft Excel version 2013. As results, six items were excluded because of the low communalities and factor loadings, and one more was excluded because of an overlapping on the ICC. The remaining 17 items explained 0.53 of the total variance and had an adequate goodness-of-fit (RMSEA = 0.05; SRMSR = 0.05; CFI = 0.98; TLI = 0.98). The information test is more accurate between the scores 0 and +3. Scores higher or equal to 1.5 identified individuals with disordered eating attitudes. Women, older individuals, and those with a higher body mass index presented more disordered eating; thus, the one-dimensional and short version of DEAS showed a suitable adjustment and may contribute to properly evaluate disordered eating in diverse populations.
Economic profitability of crop rotation systems in the Caiuá sandstone area
Authors: Volsi Bruno , Bordin Ivan , Higashi Gabriel Eiji , Telles Tiago Santos
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACT: Even in areas of predominance of Caiuá sandstone, with soils of low natural fertility that are highly susceptible to erosion and degradation processes, farmers have adopted systems with little diversification, because they believe that they provide a greater economic return. However, agricultural practices such as crop rotation can bring agronomic benefits in terms of conservation agriculture, in addition to economic gains, circumventing edaphoclimatic difficulties in the region. In this context, the objective of this study is to verify whether no-till crop rotation systems are economically profitable, in a Caiuá sandstone area in the northwest region of the Brazilian state of Paraná. To this end, an experiment was conducted in the municipality of Umuarama, state of Paraná, in the crop year 2014/15 to 2016/17. The experimental design used random blocks, with four treatments and four repetitions. The treatments consisted of four crop rotation systems, involving wheat, black oats, canola, safflower, rye, crambe, beans, maize, fodder radish, soybean, sorghum, lupin beans, buckwheat, and triticale cultivars. Crop yields, operating costs, income, and net farm income were assessed. From the results, it was reported that the highest income was obtained in the systems that adopted the largest number of winter and summer commercial crops. Only one treatment was profitable, that is, it had a positive net farm income. This scenario may be associated with the fragility of the region’s soil, which having low fertility, requires a high investment in fertilization and liming to ensure adequate production.
Mapping vegetation on ferruginous substrates using ASTER and gamma-spectrometry images in the Iron Quadrangle, Minas Gerais
Authors: Mendonça Bruno Araujo Furtado de , Fernandes Filho Elpído Inácio , Assis Luciano Mozer de , Schaefer Carlos Ernesto Gonçalves Reynaud , Brandão Pedro Christo , Faria Maola Monique , Santos Eliana Elizabet dos , Pereira Aianã Francisco Santos
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACT The Iron Quadrangle (IQ) region in Minas Gerais is remarkably geobiodiverse, despite a long history of anthropogenic pressures such as mining and urbanization, but still lacks detailed studies on the distribution of its remaining native vegetation in different substrates. In this study, we utilized Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) images, besides Gamma-spectrometry (Gamma) survey data associated with existing geological mapping (GM) and extensive fieldwork, to discriminate and quantify remnants of vegetation on ferruginous substrates in the IQ. The Maximum Likelihood (ML) algorithm was used to classify the vegetation types, thus named: open Rupestrian Field, shrubby Rupestrian Field, Capão Forest, Cerrado stricto sensu, Cerrado Field, Seasonal Forests, Pastures and Reforestation (the latter three regardless of substrate type) associated with the predominant substrates (ferruginous ironstone, phyllites, and quartzite). The use of ASTER images alone did not allow a reliable separation of ferruginous and non-ferruginous substrates, but the integration of all different data (ASTER-ML + Gamma + GM) allowed the provisional mapping of the vegetation associated with ferruginous substrates, potentially ferruginous and non-ferruginous substrates. The resulting map shows that the vegetation on ferruginous and potentially ferruginous substrates cover 8.7% and 6.9% of the IQ, respectively. The detailed analysis of the distribution and fragmentation of phytophysiognomies on ferruginous substrates is of great importance for developing strategies to conserve the geobiodiversity of the IQ, and need to be further refined by checking and field mapping by novel approaches.
PHOTOSYNTHETIC TRAITS OF CANOPY LEAVES OF DINIZIA EXCELSA (FABACEAE)
Authors: Mendes Keila Rêgo , Bento Marcos , Marenco Ricardo Antonio
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACT The response of leaf traits to irradiance and [CO2] in canopy leaves of several tall trees remains to be determined under natural conditions. Thus, the objective of this work was to determine gas-exchange parameters in sun and shade leaves of Dinizia excelsa Ducke in 35-45 m tall trees of Central Amazonia. We assessed light saturated photosynthesis (Amax), stomatal conductance (gs), mesophyll conductance (gm), transpiration rates (E), water use efficiency (WUE), intrinsic water use efficiency (WUEi), maximum electron transport rate (Jmax), the maximum carboxylation rate of Rubisco (Vcmax), intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci)specific leaf area (SLA) and fresh leaf thickness. We also estimated the CO2 concentration at the chloroplast level (Cc) and determined the light and CO2 saturated photosynthesis (Apot). Amax was obtained at light saturation (1200 µmol m-2 s-1), whereas Apot, Vcmax, Jmax and gm were obtained after constructing A/Ci response curves. There was a significant difference between sun and shade leaves in Ci and Cc, but for other parameters no differences were observed. Amax was positively correlated with gs, gm and E, and there was also a significant correlation between gs and gm (p ≤ 0.05), as well as between Jmax and Vcmax. Thicker leaves had higher values of Amax, gs, Ci, Cc and E. Apot was limited by the electron transport rate and by low gm. The canopy of the tree caused a decrease in irradiance (30-40%), but this reduction was not enough to reduce important photosynthetic parameters. Thus, all resources allocated to leaf production led to maximum use of the solar energy received by the leaves, which allowed this species to grow at fairly rapid rates.
FACTORS INFLUENCING STREET TREE HAZARD CONDITION IN RAFAELA, ARGENTINA
Authors: Castro Damián César , Alesso Carlos Agustín , Iaconis Ariana , Cerino María Carolina , Buyatti Marcela
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACT Understanding the factors that affect tree hazard condition is important to mitigate it. To quantify these factors for Fraxinus americana L., Morus nigra L., and Populus deltoides Marshall trees we have conducted a survey recording their hazard rating according to the TRAQ methodology. The following covariates were registered for each tree: the number of single tree defects in root collar, trunk and scaffold branches, trunk diameter at breast height (DBH), crown class, crown asymmetry, and the size of the tree pit. A multi-category logistic regression model was fitted to the data using the backward step-wise procedure. Among the factors considered, only the species, crown class, number of single defects in root collar and scaffold branches significantly affected the tree hazard condition. P. deltoids trees had higher values of hazard compared to F. Americana and M. nigra trees. Trees with co-dominant crowns presented a higher probability of being classified as medium and high hazardous than trees with suppressed and dominant crowns. Finally, every single defect observed on root collar and scaffold branches increased the probability of a tree being of medium or high hazardous, by about 3.00 and 1.44 times, respectively. Other factors like crown asymmetry, DBH, and the tree pit size did not have a significant effect on the score of tree hazard. Our results demonstrate that the species selection is an important tool to manage urban tree hazard under the study conditions. At the species level, efforts should be directed towards minimizing defects in root collar, trunk and scaffold branches.
Gender differences in disability among older adults in the context of social gender and income inequalities: 2013 Brazilian Health Survey
Authors: Lima André Luiz Barbosa de , Espelt Albert , Bosque-Prous Marina , Lima Kenio Costa
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACT: Objectives: To estimate the magnitude of gender differences in disability among adults aged 60 and older and to evaluate whether they can be associated with social gender inequality and socioeconomic contextual factors at the level of Brazilian federative units. Methods: This is a multilevel study that used data from 23,575 older adults of 27 federative units who participated in the 2013 Brazilian Health Survey. The activity limitation index was developed from the item response theory, using activities of daily living and instrumental activities of daily living variables. The association of individual and contextual variables with disability was estimated by assessing the magnitude of differences between genders, using cross-level interaction effects in multilevel generalized linear models, including only the variables that were statistically significant in the final model. Results: The prevalence of disability was higher among women (37.6%) than among men (26.5%), totaling 32.7% of the older adults. In the adjusted multilevel analysis, disability was influenced by income inequality (γgini = 0.022, p < 0.001) among federative units. In addition, gender differences in disability were associated with social gender inequalities (γmgiiXsex = 0.020, p = 0.004). Conclusion: Women had higher disability disadvantages compared to men, and those differences were associated with social gender inequalities among the Brazilian federative units influenced by income inequality.
Estabilidade física e química de hidrolisados proteicos de okara microencapsulados por spray drying
Authors: Justus Ariana , Benassi Marta de Toledo , Ida Elza Iouko , Kurozawa Louise Emy
Published: February 2020

Resumo A microencapsulação é um processo indicado para proteger substâncias que são susceptíveis à degradação ou redução da sua funcionalidade por causa de diferentes reações, por exemplo, oxidação, hidrólise, entre outras. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito da microencapsulação, usando como materiais de parede maltodextrina ou amido modificado, sobre a estabilidade de hidrolisados proteicos de okara. A pesquisa analisou a microestrutura, a capacidade antioxidante e a cor das amostras durante a estocagem dos pós por 120 dias a 35 °C. As micrografias obtidas por microscopia eletrônica de varredura indicaram que o processo de microencapsulação favoreceu a integridade física das partículas. A diferença de cor observada entre as amostras encapsuladas e não encapsuladas foi proveniente, provavelmente, da adição de materiais de paredes que contribuíram para a mudança da cor do pó obtido por spray drying. Os resultados indicaram que as microcápsulas obtidas por spray drying usando maltodextrina ou amido modificado mantiveram a cor dos pós e apresentaram boa habilidade em sequestrar o radical livre ABTS e teor de substâncias redutoras do reagente Folin-Ciocalteu durante a estocagem.
Escala de Eficácia Docente para Práticas Inclusivas: Validação da Teacher Efficacy for Inclusive Practices (TEIP) Scale
Authors: MARTINS Bárbara Amaral , CHACON Miguel Claudio Moriel
Published: February 2020

RESUMO: O objetivo desta pesquisa foi analisar as propriedades psicométricas da versão brasileira da Teacher Efficacy for Inclusive Practices (TEIP) Scale. A versão traduzida e adaptada à cultura brasileira denomina-se Escala de Eficácia Docente para Práticas Inclusivas (EEDPI) e foi aplicada a uma amostra de 308 professores de Educação Infantil e Ensino Fundamental I e II, no interior do estado de Mato Grosso do Sul. A Análise Fatorial Exploratória evidenciou que suas propriedades psicométricas são adequadas, bem como a existência de dois fatores, nomeados “Regência em sala de aula” e “Planejamento e colaboração”. A mesma amostra também respondeu à Escala de autoeficácia de professores: versão breve, considerada “padrão-ouro”, a fim de avaliarmos o grau de eficácia da EEDPI em medir o que se propõe, a partir da relação com um critério externo. A Análise de Correlação de Spearman revelou a existência de uma correlação positiva entre as subescalas dos instrumentos, oscilando entre moderada e forte. A EEDPI ainda apresenta boa consistência interna (coeficientes de Alfa de Cronbach 0,89, 0,88 e 0,92) e mostra-se um instrumento que pode auxiliar na avaliação e no acompanhamento da autoeficácia docente diante da inclusão e na proposição das intervenções oportunas.
El Campo de la Discapacidad Desde la Perspectiva de los Docentes Que Cursan la Especialización en Actividad Física Adaptada y Discapa cidad Del IUACJ
Authors: RUBINSTEIN Sofía , FRANCO Vanessa
Published: February 2020

RESUMEN: La primera edición de la especialización en actividad física adaptada y discapacidad se constituye en un hito por ser el primer posgrado de estas características en Uruguay. Esto implica pensar la formación de los docentes a partir de escenarios y poblaciones diversos. Nos planteamos analizar la formación y trayectoria laboral en el campo de la discapacidad, así como las concepciones de inclusión y discapacidad de once estudiantes que cursan el posgrado. Los datos fueron recolectados a través de la entrevista semi-estructurada. Los resultados muestran que sólo cinco docentes tienen formación previa en el área de la discapacidad y seis de ellos experiencia en el trabajo con personas con discapacidad. Todos entienden la importancia de formarse para tener herramientas que les permitan intervenir de mejor manera es sus prácticas. Las concepciones de discapacidad e inclusión muchas veces transitan por el paradigma médico rehabilitador y de educación especial, pero a pesar de ello, presentan actitudes positivas ante el reto de trabajar con la diversidad del alumnado.
Efeitos do Uso de Recursos de Tecnologia Assistiva para Promover Independência em Atividades de Vida Diária para uma Criança com Paralisia Cerebral
Authors: LINO Thaís Breternitz , MARTINEZ Luciana Bolzan Agnelli , BOUERI Iasmin Zanchi , LOURENÇO Gerusa Ferreira
Published: February 2020

RESUMO: O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o processo de implementação de recursos de Tecnologia Assistiva para realização da atividade de alimentação junto a uma criança com paralisia cerebral. Foram participantes uma criança de cinco anos com paralisia cerebral distônica e sua mãe. As atividades-alvo foram a alimentação e a intervenção que ocorreram em seu domicílio. Os dados foram coletados pelos seguintes instrumentos: Inventário de Avaliação Pediátrica de Incapacidade; Sistema de Classificação da Função Motora Grossa Ampliado e Revisto; Sistema de Classificação de Habilidade Manual para Crianças com Paralisia Cerebral; roteiro para caracterização do participante; protocolos de registro descritivo e de eventos; e questionário de validação social. Foram realizadas intervenções com três atividades para independência na alimentação: senta-se à mesa, uso do copo e uso do talher. As atividades compuseram o delineamento de linha de base múltipla entre comportamentos em quatro fases: linha de base, intervenção, manutenção e follow up. As sessões foram registradas em vídeo para análise e pontuação do nível de ajuda no protocolo de eventos. Evidenciou-se que o uso de recursos de Tecnologia Assistiva potencializa a autonomia e independência da criança com paralisia cerebral, demonstrando a efetividade do uso do recurso, corroborando com a literatura.
Software mTEA: do Desenho Computacional à Aplicação por Profissionais com Estudantes com Autismo
Authors: SILVA Martony Demes da , SOARES André Castelo Branco , BENITEZ Priscila
Published: February 2020

RESUMO: Uma forma viável de sistematização e personalização da intervenção delineada em Análise do Comportamento Aplicada (ABA), com estudantes com Transtorno do Espectro Autista (TEA), pode ser por meio de recursos computacionais. Assim sendo, este estudo teve como objetivo elaborar um ambiente digital denominado como mTEA para aplicação de programas de ensino por tentativas discretas, fundamentados na perspectiva comportamental, assim como avaliar o uso do mTEA, em relação à elaboração e à aplicação das atividades por duas profissionais com estudantes com TEA. Participaram duas profissionais e cinco crianças com TEA. O procedimento foi organizado da seguinte forma: desenvolvimento do sistema; na sequência, as duas profissionais elaboraram e aplicaram as atividades com cinco estudantes com TEA e responderam a um questionário sobre o uso do mTEA. Os resultados foram agrupados em relação ao desempenho dos estudantes com TEA nas atividades e ao uso do sistema pelas profissionais. Os resultados identificaram que o mTEA atingiu o objetivo proposto para personalizar as atividades propostas em cada currículo de ensino de cada estudante, apesar de ainda carecer de melhorias a serem implantadas futuramente.
Percepção de Docentes sobre o Ingresso de um Estudante Surdo em um Campus Universitário
Authors: CAPELLI Jane de Carlos Santana , BLASI Felipe Di , DUTRA Flávia Barbosa da Silva
Published: February 2020

RESUMO: Este estudo objetiva conhecer a percepção de docentes sobre o movimento causado no Campus da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro - UFRJ-Macaé com a entrada do primeiro estudante surdo profundo no curso de Medicina, bem como identificar as demandas geradas ao curso para seu acesso e sua permanência. Para tanto, realizou-se uma pesquisa de campo, de cunho qualitativo, de abordagem etnográfica, tendo como instrumento a entrevista semiestruturada. Os dados foram analisados pelo método de categorização semântico, segundo análise de conteúdo de Bardin. Foram entrevistados 10 professores que acompanharam o estudante no primeiro semestre de 2018. A partir das análises dos discursos, foi possível separá-los em seis grandes temas predominantes: “Legislação e acessibilidade”, “Formação docente”, “Barreira linguística”, “Mudanças pedagógicas”, “Sentimentos e emoções” e “Escolarização discente”. Concluiu-se que os docentes se percebem como parte da instituição e não foram preparados para receber o estudante surdo, determinando o aparecimento de diferentes sentimentos e emoções, como angústias, medos e desafios. Os professores buscaram estratégias para adaptar as suas aulas e avaliações, porém observaram importantes dificuldades de aprendizado do estudante. A UFRJ precisa preparar-se para receber estudantes surdos além de investir em grandes esforços para que seja garantida uma educação inclusiva para todos os estudantes com deficiência.
O Que as Pessoas com Deficiência Intelectual Pensam sobre a sua Participação no Trabalho a Partir de Dois Estudos de Casos
Authors: ALVES Ana Paula Ribeiro , SILVA Nilson Rogério da
Published: February 2020

RESUMO: O trabalho tem sofrido significativas transformações durante o percurso da humanidade, tendo o seu próprio sentido modificado. Torna-se, então, questionável até que ponto ele age na humanização do homem, ou ao contrário - se, no atual contexto social, ele pode contribuir para sua desumanização. Nesse contexto, o trabalhador com deficiência intelectual está sujeito, além dos aspectos de exploração e de alienação, aos constructos sobre a deficiência, com questionamento acerca de suas capacidades, sendo considerado incapaz de ocupar postos de trabalho que exijam funções mais elaboradas e complexas. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a percepção do sujeito com deficiência intelectual sobre sua participação no mercado de trabalho. Dessa forma, duas pessoas com deficiência intelectual foram selecionadas para relatar suas experiências e percepções. Para a realização das entrevistas, foi utilizado o método História de Vida, e os dados foram analisados por meio de Temas Emergentes como: Trabalho como princípio de humanização e Trabalho como princípio de desumanização. Os temas emergidos foram interpretados segundo o ideário da teoria histórico-cultural, que considera o homem, independentemente de sua condição biológica, como um sujeito formado pelas e nas relações com o outro. Os resultados evidenciaram a importância do trabalho no desenvolvimento humano dos participantes que se realizaram profissionalmente e alcançaram conquistas que estão além do aspecto financeiro, abrangendo aquelas especificamente humanas. Os participantes deste estudo contrariaram o que era previsto pela sociedade de forma geral àqueles com deficiência intelectual e demonstraram que é possível se humanizar por meio do trabalho.
On casting clay specimens of bespoke shear strength and sensitivity for landslide modelling
Authors: Kennedy Ray , Siemens Greg , Take W. Andy
Published: February 2020

Sensitive clay landslides are a geohazard often exhibiting flow-like retrogressive behaviour. Soils with high sensitivity experience significant strain softening − a key characteristic of these types of slope movements. In this paper, an experimental method using high early strength cement mixed with clay soil is investigated to cast repeatable samples of a bespoke shear strength and sensitivity while reducing specimen preparation time. The addition of cement bonds from hydration reactions was observed to encourage the development of a metastable soil structure with sufficiently high moisture content to exhibit both a high peak strength and a low remoulded strength. Various cement and water content mixtures were examined, with either kaolin clay or a naturally sensitive clay from Mud Creek, Ontario and Portland type 1 or type 3 cement. Undrained shear strength testing was measured with the Swedish fall cone and the miniature lab vane. Soil−cement mixtures developed shear strength of up to 60 kPa with sensitivities from 4 to 16 within a 7 d curing time. This paper reports lessons learned from the mixing, curing and testing of the sensitive material, as well as the results from a geotechnical centrifuge experiment examining retrogressive sensitive clay landslides.
Ecosistema ecológico y social
Authors: Tarupí Montenegro Edisson Armando
Published: February 2020

Este artículo se enmarca dentro de la literatura de las ciencias ambientales, el desarrollo sostenible y la conservación de los ecosistemas. Destaca la presencia de las reservas naturales y su biodiversidad en la Amazonia Ecuatoriana, especialmente de la laguna de Papallacta. El objetivo de este artículo es identificar aquellas interrelaciones naturaleza-sociedad y los impactos de las actividades económicas, sociales y ambientales que han generado cambios en el ecosistema ecológico y social, como en los servicios ecosistémicos de Papallacta. En primer lugar, mediante un análisis integral se caracteriza a Papallacta como un ecosistema social y ecológico, teniendo en cuenta el marco teórico conceptual desde la economía y sus cambios de paradigma ambiental-ecológico, evidenciando una interdependencia mutua entre naturaleza y sociedad que genera interrelaciones entre actividades antrópicas y el medio ambiente. En segundo lugar, al repensar en Papallacta como un sistema ecológico y social, se identifican los impactos y cambios que involucran a empresas privadas, petroleras, turísticas; organizaciones de la sociedad civil representadas por la comunidad indígena, comunidad local y nacional, y las organizaciones púbicas como gobiernos locales e instituciones regionales de administración ambiental y demás sociedad civil. Finalmente, a la luz de las dimensiones del desarrollo sostenible se presentan las conclusiones y discusión final remarcando la necesidad de una cultura ecológica hacia un buen manejo, gestión ambiental y el mejor comportamiento de la sociedad en pro de la conservación del ecosistema con el fin de mitigar los impactos-cambios no deseados que afectan la oferta ecosistémica y al ecosistema lacustre de Papallacta en general.
Technological Innovation and Discrimination in Household Finance
Authors: Morse Adair , Pence Karen
Published: February 2020

Technology has changed how discrimination manifests itself in financial services. Replacing human discretion with algorithms in decision-making roles reduces taste-based discrimination, and new modeling techniques have expanded access to financial services to households who were previously excluded from these markets. However, algorithms can exhibit bias from human involvement in the development process, and their opacity and complexity can facilitate statistical discrimination inconsistent with antidiscrimination laws in several aspects of financial services provision, including advertising, pricing, and credit-risk assessment. In this chapter, we provide a new amalgamation and analysis of these developments, identifying five gateways whereby technology induces discrimination to creep into financial services. We also consider how these technological changes in finance intersect with existing discrimination and data privacy laws, leading to our contribution of four frontlines of regulation. Our analysis concludes that the net effect of innovation in technological finance on discrimination is ambiguous and depends on the future choices made by policymakers, the courts, and firms.
A Distant World: Russian Relations with Europe Before Peter the Great
Authors: Poe Marshall
Published: February 2020

This essay was published as "A Distant World: Russian Relations with Europe Before Peter the Great," in Whittaker, Cynthia H, E Kasinec, and Robert H. Davis. Russia Engages the World, 1453-1825. (Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press, 2003) on the occasion of an exhibition of the same name, mounted at The New York Public Library, February 20, 2004.:–May 22, 2004. Visit the online exhibition.
Community media and translocalism in Latin America: cultural production at a Mexican community radio station
Authors: Hayes Joy E.
Published: February 2020

This article investigates the role that community media play in the translocal negotiation of local culture in Latin America. Translocal is a concept that captures the way that local cultural producers engage with national and transnational forces in shaping everyday cultural practices. This study focuses on community radio station Ecos de Manantlán in Zapotitlán de Vadillo, Mexico (Radio Zapotitlán), during the years 2006–2012. Radio Zapotitlán is officially categorized as a campesino or agricultural laborer/peasant station and presents its campesino identity through radio and Internet content. Analyses of that content, along with interviews with station associates and listeners, reveal the complex cultural mediations between local media producers, national regulators, and transnational donors. This study investigates the local production of a transnationally funded radionovela, or radio soap opera, as a window onto the station’s role as a cultural mediator. This article argues that station participants used the radionovela to express local values and meanings and to marginalize the educational goals of the transnational agency funding the project. Radio Zapotitlán offers a concrete case of cultural negotiation in which local interests engage with – and transform – donor-funded content aimed at the local community.
Floristic similarity, diversity, and endemism as indicators of refugia characteristics and needs in the West
Authors: Malanson George P , Zimmerman Dale L , Fagre Daniel B
Published: February 2020

The floras of mountain ranges, and their similarity, beta diversity, and endemism, are indicative of processes of community assembly; they are also the initial conditions for coming disassembly and reassembly in response to climate change. As such, these characteristics can inform thinking on refugia. The published floras or approximations for 42 mountain ranges in the three major mountain systems (Sierra-Cascades, Rocky Mountains, and Great Basin ranges) across the western USA and southwestern Canada were analyzed. The similarity is higher among the ranges of the Rockies while equally low among the ranges of the Sierra-Cascades and Great Basin. Mantel correlations of similarity with geographic distance are also higher for the Rocky Mountains. Endemism is relatively high, but is highest in the Sierra-Cascades (due to the Sierra Nevada as the single largest range) and lowest in the Great Basin, where assemblages are allochthonous. These differences indicate that the geologic substrates of the Cascade volcanoes, which are much younger than any others, play a role in addition to geographic isolation in community assembly. The pattern of similarity and endemism indicates that the ranges of the Cascades will not function well as stepping stones and the endemic species that they harbor may need more protection than those of the Rocky Mountains. The geometry of the ranges is complemented by geology in setting the stage for similarity and the potential for refugia across the West. Understanding the geographic template as initial conditions for the future can guide the forecast of refugia and related monitoring or protection efforts.
Working with Men: A Gender-Sensitive Practice Model
Authors: Stone Glenn
Published: February 2020

The purpose of this paper is to put forth a model of practice with men that is gender-sensitive in the manner in which assessment and intervention occurs. A general framework of practice is presented with a discussion of the special challenges that men present to helpers in the field. Suggestions for overcoming various challenges are also presented.
Cosmopolitan Revolutionaries: Masculinity, Migration, and Gender Performativity in Latin American London
Authors: Araujo Natalie
Published: February 2020

This article explores the relational dynamics by which a particular group of young Colombian men strategically construct and perform masculinity within context of Latin American London. Focusing on quotidian experience and seeking to move beyond stereotypical narratives of masculine “loss” or “adjustment” relating to machismo, it demonstrates how “traditional” hegemonic norms are resourced as constitutive elements in the articulation of new modalities of gendered orientation. Observing that with migration Latin American men are often placed under contradictory pressure to both conform to and subvert cultural stereotypes of machismo and hegemonic masculinity, here young male Colombian migrants are seen to harness vernacular cosmopolitanism as an important moral orientation through which to creatively rearticulate machismo, dynamically reframing their subjectivities in ways that meaningfully engage with their life predicaments. What emerges are expressions of a subject position referred to here as the ‘cosmopolitan revolutionary,’ a performative orientation that encourages the expression of masculine authority and decisiveness while also emphasising anti-authoritarian and egalitarian principles of positive reciprocity and worldly care.
Geoarchaeological evaluation of the Roman topography and accessibility by sea of ancient Osor (Cres Island, Croatia)
Authors: Draganits Erich , Gier Susanne , Doneus Nives , Doneus Michael
Published: February 2020

We combine geoarchaeological investigations with high-resolution airborne laser scanning (ALS) topographic and airborne laser bathymetric (ALB) measurements to reassess the topography of the Roman city of Apsorus (modern Osor, northeastern Adriatic Sea, Croatia), which has generally been interpreted as important nodal point of Roman maritime traffic. Apsorus is located at the isthmus connecting Cres and Lošinj islands, which is 90 m wide at the narrowest part and dissected by a canal of supposed Roman age. A conspicuous low-lying wetland north of the city has been suggested to be a former sea passage and harbour area. Geoarchaeological coring, sedimentological analysis and radiocarbon dating suggest that this depression was already silted up with terrestrial sediments some 6,000 years ago and, especially in combination with the lower sea-level at that time, could not have been a Roman harbour. The combination of the ALS/ALB topographic data with lower sea-levels reconstructed for the Roman period challenges the traditional view which places ancient Osor on a small island and allows for new interpretations of the accessibility of Osor by sea.
Is hydrotectonics influencing the thermal spring in Eisensteinhöhle (Bad Fischau, Lower Austria)?
Authors: Hardege Jonas , Plan Lukas , Winkler Gerhard , Grasemann Bernhard , Baroň Ivo
Published: February 2020

Eisensteinhöhle is a 2 km long crevice cave that is significantly overprinted by hydrothermal karst processes. It was opened during quarrying in the Fischauer Vorberge, at the western margin of the Vienna Basin. This pull-apart basin cuts the eastern foothills of the Alps and is formed by a major NE-SW striking, sinistral transform fault. The western margin consists of NNE-SSW striking normal faults creating paths for thermal water to rise from the central basin. The deepest part of the cave, 73 m below the entrance, hosts a pond with 14.6 ±0.2 °C warm water that occasionally acts as a spring. The water level and temperature fluctuate and at a certain level, water visibly discharges into a nearby narrow fissure. As sporadic observations of the water level since 1992 gave no obvious connection to precipitation events, the connection to an aquifer and the origin of the water remained unknown. A pumping test, conducted on 13/7/2016, yielded a volume of the spring/pool of about 2.8 m3 that is fed by a very small inlet at the sandy bottom. At the time of the pumping test, the discharge was only 4.5 l/h but during previous overflow events, discharge values of up to 289 l/h were recorded.

Water temperature and hydrochemistry hint towards a mixture of an old thermal component and a young meteoric component. During continuous monitoring of water level and temperature from October 2015 until November 2018, the water level was almost stable with few periods of high level (almost at overflow) that lasted for about 3 to 4 weeks each. The water temperature increased during most high stands and is positively correlated with the water level. Correlation of the high-resolution data on water level and temperature fluctuations with precipitation measurements at the nearest meteorological stations show a relation of water level to certain rainfall events and the sporadically taken long time records show a correlation with annual precipitation sums. Long-term observations also indicate a connection to groundwater levels in the Vienna Basin with a delay of about 8 weeks in Bad Fischau. In July 2017, the water level dropped suddenly and then recovered simultaneously in the time of several weak earthquakes in the vicinity. The data suggest that the spring in Eisensteinhöhle is influenced by precipitation. For one seismic event, there is a correlation with unusual water level changes at Eisensteinhöhle, but the rareness of earthquakes demands for a longer time series to confirm this observation.
The Alland earthquake sequence in Eastern Austria: Shedding light on tectonic stress geometry in a key area of seismic hazard
Authors: Schippkus Sven , Hausmann Helmut , Duputel Zacharie , Bokelmann Götz
Published: February 2020

We present our results on the fault geometry of the Alland earthquake sequence in eastern Austria (Eastern Alps) and discuss its implications for the regional stress regime and active tectonics. The series contains 71 known events with local magnitudes 0.1 ≤ M

L
≤ 4.2 that occurred in between 2016 and 2017. We locate the earthquakes in a regional 3D velocity model to find absolute locations. These locations are then refined by relocating all events relative to each other using a double-difference approach, based on relative travel times measured from waveform cross-correlation and catalogue data. We also invert for the moment tensor of the M

L
= 4.2 mainshock by fitting synthetic waveforms to the recorded seismo-grams using a combination of the L1- and L2-norms of the waveform differences. Direct comparison of waveforms of the largest events in the sequence suggests that all of them ruptured with very similar mechanisms. We find that the sequence ruptured a reverse fault, that is dipping with ~30° towards ~north-northeast (NNE) at 6–7 km depth. This is supported by both the hypocentres and the mainshock source mechanism. The fault is most likely located in the buried basement of the Bohemian massif, the “Bohemian Spur”. This (reverse) fault has a nearly perpendicular orientation to the normal-fault structures of the Vienna Basin Transfer Fault System further east at a shallower depth, indicating a lateral stress decoupling that can also act as a vertical stress decoupling in some places. In the west, earthquakes (at a larger depth within the upper crust) show compressive stresses, whereas the Vienna Basin to the east shows extensional (normal-faulting) stress. This provides insight into the regional stress field and its spatial variation, and it helps to better understand earthquakes in the area, including the “1590 Ried am Riederberg” earthquake.
Ukraina w polityce zagranicznej Polski w dobie drugiego rządu zjednoczonej prawicy pod egidą Prawa i Sprawiedliwości (2015-2018)
Authors: Mróz Maciej
Published: February 2020

Dotychczasowy model relacji polsko-ukraińskich dobiega końca, a nowy znajduje się w fazie in statu nascendi. Zasadnicza sprzeczność podstawowych interesów Kijowa i Warszawy spro-wadza się do tego, że podczas gdy Ukraina szuka sposobów na integrację i potrzebuje silnej Europy oraz ipso facto wzmocnienia wspólnoty europejskiej, Polska pod rządami koalicji skupionej wokół PiS kroczy coraz śmielej w stronę eurosceptycyzmu i podważania spójności Unii Europejskiej, chociaż wahadło europejskiej polityki po wyborach w Austrii, Holandii, a zwłaszcza we Francji w 2017 r. ponownie wychyla się w stronę centrum. Dzisiejsza Polska, odwracając się plecami od europejskiego twardego jądra, a zatem od Niemiec i Francji, przestaje być także atrakcyjnym partnerem dla Ukrainy, która z kolei widząc słabnącą pozycję Polski, zacieśnia związki z Berlinem.
Rosatellum – włoski system wyborczy i jego wpływ na wynik wyborów parlamentarnych
Authors: Dudała Rafał
Published: February 2020

Włoski system wyborczy ulegał różnorakim przekształceniom na przestrzeni wieków, których przyczyną były zwykle zmiany ustrojowe. Poczynając od czasów Królestwa Włoch, poprzez okres rządów faszystowskich, kształtowanie się ustroju Republiki aż po przeobrażenia z początku lat 90., wszędzie wspomniana zależność pozostaje widoczna. Skutkiem ewolucji systemu wyborczego jest najnowsza ordynacja zwana Rosatellum. Jest ona przykładem systemu mieszanego: 61% członków parlamentu wybieranych jest w systemie proporcjonalnym i w obwodach wielomandatowych, zaś 37% w systemie większościowym i obwodach jednomandatowych. 2% przypisanych jest do okręgów zagranicznych, gdzie obowiązuje wyłącznie system proporcjonalny. Ponadto utrzymuje progi wyborcze dla pojedynczych list oraz dla koalicji, odrzuca premię większościową, wprowadza nowy układ kart wyborczych, parytety płciowe czy kupony zapobiegające oszustwom. Po raz pierwszy została zastosowana podczas wyborów 4 marca 2018 r. Ze względu na napięcia utrudniające powołanie nowego rządu, wielu komentatorów przyczyn politycznego pata niesłusznie doszukiwało się w nowej ordynacji.
Relations between self-esteem dimensions and fundamental social motives
Authors: Kozłowska Monika A.
Published: February 2020

The article presents the concept of fundamental social motives, which is novel for Polish readers, and its relations with self-esteem. The studies conducted so far suggest that there may be significant correlations between various dimensions of self-esteem and fundamental motives focused on interpersonal relations (affiliation motives and mate acquisition/retention motives). Data was collected from a sample of N = 363 subjects in order to find predictors for the level and stability of self-esteem. The results include correlations between 11 scales measuring fundamental motives and self-esteem dimensions: its level and instability. Multiple regression analyses with self-esteem measures as explained variables and motives related to sociometer theory as explanatory variables were also conducted. The article presents a detailed discussion of regression analysis results for male and female samples. Limitations and future research directions are also discussed.
Remineralization of Incipient Lesions with Anticariogenic Casein Phosphopeptides and Fluoride: A Vivo Study
Authors: Khanduja Ritu , Verma Rupanjali , Tandon Shobha
Published: February 2020

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the remineralization of incipient lesions with CPP-ACP and its comparison with the effect of fluoride on the same. Study Design: A total of 225 teeth with incipient lesions in 108 children within the age group of 6-14 yrs. were divided into five groups by block randomization. Enamel biopsy was done for incipient lesions. Calcium and phosphate were analyzed using auto analyzer, fluoride was assessed using Orion analyzer. Results: Results showed that CPP-ACP enhances the remineralization process and that CPP-ACP has comparable effect as fluoridated dentifrice, as difference was not statistically significant (p>0.05), using ANOVA, Tukey's test. Conclusion: CPP-ACP is effective remineralizing agent. A beneficial dose response effect is seen with the application of casein phosphopeptides. In addition, there is a synergistic effect of CPP-ACP with fluoride.
Balón de Bakri en hemorragia en Medellín (Colombia): reporte de caso y revision de la literatura
Authors: Fonseca-Chimá Érika
Published: February 2020

Objetivo: presentar un caso de atonía uterina que no respondió al manejo inicial y en el que se utilizó el balón de Bakri con control satisfactorio de la hemorragia. Se revisó la literatura respecto a la técnica quirúrgica de su inserción, las cointervenciones a administrar y las complicaciones relacionadas con su uso.Materiales y métodos: se presentó el caso y se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica en las bases de datos electrónicas de MEDLINE/Pubmed, Lilacs, SciELO, Ovid, Elsevier, EBSCO y Cochrane a partir de los términos "taponamiento con balón" y "hemorragia posparto". Para ello se buscaron artículos de revisión, series de caso, reportes de caso y experimentos clínicos publicados entre 1980 y 2010.Conclusiones: el balón de Bakri ha demostrado ser una opción en el protocolo de manejo de las pacientes con Hemorragia Posparto (HPP), ya que constituye un método no invasivo y con pocas complicaciones.