bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sustainable use of water from a tropical aquifer
Authors: Huguet‐Sierra Gerardo Arturo , Márquez‐Romance Adriana Mercedes , Guevara‐Pérez Edilberto , Pérez‐Pacheco Sergio Alejandro , Buroz‐Castillo Eduardo
Published: July 2023

The objective of this work is to analyze and interpret the components or hydrogeological, physical, and chemical variables of the San Diego aquifer to describe it and explain its influence on the sustainable use of groundwater for the providing of this locality. The San Diego municipality covers most of the area of the aquifer and is an area of high urban development that currently needs the contribution of groundwater due to the deficit presented by the main supply from the Central Regional System. Said aquifer is a set of geological strata located within the limits of the San Diego River basin, in the state of Carabobo, which are capable of storing groundwater and transmitting it. Data on lithology, porosity, and pumping level were investigated, which allows calculating an estimate of the volume of water available in the aquifer. Regarding the quality of the water, the data on hardness, chlorides, sulfates, nitrates, conductivity, calcium, magnesium, and pH, show that the water towards the center and north of the aquifer is of good quality, being able to classify it as type 1A, while toward the southern end—this is of lower quality, where the mineral parameters are higher, which is related to the probable intrusion of brackish water from Lake Valencia. It is concluded by establishing that the volume of groundwater, its availability, extraction feasibility, and its quality, make it suitable for urban supply and that said extraction is sustainable. But a better‐integrated type of management must be designed, considering the contribution of the Regional System of the Center and the adequacy of the distribution networks.
Clinical practice guideline on bladder cancer (Part I)
Authors: Dong Xiying , Song Gang , Guan Kaopeng , Wang Tie , Feng Xiaoli , Liu Yulin , Liu Min , Ji Zhigang , Li Xiao , Li Jiongming , Zhang Yong , Zhou Fangjian , Zhou Aiping , Xu Wanhai , Xu Tao , Gao Xianshu , Zhai Qing , Wei Qiang , Xing Nianzeng
Published: July 2023

Bladder cancer represents one of the most prevalent malignant tumors affecting the urinary system. As per data disclosed by the National Cancer Registration Center of China in 2019, the incidence of bladder cancer was 5.80 per 100,000 in 2015, placing it as the thirteenth most common systemic malignancy. Bladder cancer poses a substantial threat to public health in China, underlining the critical importance of standardizing diagnosis and treatment to enhance clinical outcomes. This clinical practice guideline for bladder cancer centers on the etiologies, clinical presentations, and diagnostic procedures for suspected bladder cancer, in addition to the histopathology and staging of urothelial bladder cancer.
Seeing in the dark: Challenges in the interpretation of x‐ray fluorescence element distribution maps associated with black paints
Authors: Higgitt Catherine , Spring Marika , Melchiorre Di Crescenzo Marta , Howard Helen
Published: July 2023

During the conservation of easel paintings, black draperies or dark backgrounds often prove problematic to treat and understand in terms of condition. Despite most black pigments in Old Master paintings not intrinsically containing high atomic number elements, the investigation of black paints is one of the National Gallery's major uses and most helpful applications of x‐ray fluorescence (XRF) scanning. As a visual tool, XRF element distribution maps of black paints are useful for assessing the extent of overpainting or condition of any surviving original paint beneath, and for revealing the original modelling. However, interpreting the XRF element maps can be challenging. It is important to consider not only the primary compositions of black or dark pigments, but to have an understanding of other possible associated materials and more broadly of historical painting techniques, artists' practices and the paint stratigraphy. Through a series of case studies, this paper demonstrates how a detailed knowledge of historic painting materials and techniques, based on study of documentary sources and archives of materials‐based evidence from the analysis of paint cross‐sections—both from the paintings being studied and related works—aids and enriches interpretation of XRF element maps of black paints. While samples are invaluable in understanding exactly how—and with what materials—such regions were painted, they are not always representative and scanning XRF may be of complementary benefit in providing a more holistic view of pigment distribution. The examples presented range from the fifteenth to the seventeenth century from both Northern Europe and Italy.
Analysis of metals in particulate matter suspended in air by total reflection x‐ray fluorescence
Authors: Almeida Ana Paula F. , Santos Ramon S. , Ferreira Gabriel C. , Nardes Raysa C. , Sanches Francis. A. C. R. A. , Filho Hamilton. S. Gama , Leitão Roberta G. , Anjos Marcelino J. , Lopes Ricardo T. , Oliveira Davi F.
Published: July 2023

Atmospheric particulate matter (PM) is considered to be a set of pollutants suspended in the air, from industrial processes, motor vehicle exhaust, resuspended street dust, biomass burning, and others. Among the toxic chemical compounds, PM is considered contaminants of great importance for researchers, as they offer harmful effects to humans, fauna and flora. Moreover, exposure to PM can cause the development and/or worsening of diseases, mainly respiratory and cardiovascular. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the metals concentration in total suspended particulate matter in the air through total reflection x‐ray fluorescence technique (TXRF). The samples were collected from random points in five neighborhoods in the Metropolitan Region of the state of Rio de Janeiro/Brazil. TXRF measurements were performed using the benchtop TXRF spectrometer S2 PICOFOX. The results showed that the proposed methodology was able to detect the elements Cr, Fe, Ni, Cu, and Zn, in concentrations ranging from 2.0 to 200 ng.m−3. It can be concluded that the study methodology for determining the metal concentrations in air samples is an efficient and low‐cost solution for studying environmental pollution.
Dark vector mesons at LHC forward detector searches
Authors: Kuwahara Takumi , Yuan Shu-Run
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Confining gauge dynamics in a dark sector is promising to provide dark matter with a mass in the range of sub-GeV to GeV. Such dark sectors consist of composite particles such as dark baryons and dark mesons, that are neutral under the standard-model charge. A dark photon is introduced as a portal matter between the dark sector and the standard-model sector to alleviate cosmological problems (e.g., to maintain kinetic equilibrium between two sectors or to reduce the light dark-sector particles contributing to the dark radiation), and dark hadrons are produced through the same dark photon at accelerator-based experiments. As dark vector mesons and dark pions have similar masses, dark vector mesons can be long-lived particles, which will be explored by far-detector experiments. We study the future prospects of the LHC forward-detector experiments, FASER/FASER2 and FACET, for exploring the dark vector mesons. When the dark photon is heavier than the dark pions, the LHC forward-detector searches will be comparable to DarkQuest, and the invisible decay searches of dark photons will also explore the same parameter space. Meanwhile, when dark photons are lightest in the dark sector, their future prospects will be comparable to the visible decay searches for dark photons at LHCb, Belle-II, and HPS.
Irreversibility, QNEC, and defects
Authors: Casini Horacio , Landea Ignacio Salazar , Torroba Gonzalo
Published: July 2023

Abstract

We first present an analysis of infinitesimal null deformations for the entanglement entropy, which leads to a major simplification of the proof of the C, F and A-theorems in quantum field theory. Next, we study the quantum null energy condition (QNEC) on the light-cone for a CFT. Finally, we combine these tools in order to establish the irreversibility of renormalization group flows on planar d-dimensional defects, embedded in D-dimensional conformal field theories. This proof completes and unifies all known defect irreversibility theorems for defect dimensions d ≤ 4. The F-theorem on defects (d = 3) is a new result using information-theoretic methods. For d ≥ 4 we also establish the monotonicity of the relative entropy coefficient proportional to Rd−4. The geometric construction connects the proof of irreversibility with and without defects through the QNEC inequality in the bulk, and makes contact with the proof of strong subadditivity of holographic entropy taking into account quantum corrections.
Poorer patient‐reported outcome and increased risk of revision at a 5‐year follow‐up among patients with septic arthritis following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: a register‐based cohort study of 23,075 primary anterior cruciate ligament reconstructions
Authors: Schmitz Jesper Kraus , Omar Osama , Nordkvist Adam , Hedevik Henrik , Janarv Per‐Mats , Stålman Anders
Published: July 2023

Purpose

The primary aim of this study is to analyse the patient‐reported outcomes after ACLR complicated by septic arthritis. The secondary aim is to examine the 5‐year risk of revision surgery after primary ACLR complicated by septic arthritis. The hypothesis was that patients with septic arthritis after ACLR are more likely to have lower PROMs scores and an increased risk of revision, compared with patients without septic arthritis.

Materials and methods

All primary ACLRs, with a hamstring or patellar tendon autograft (n = 23,075), in the Swedish Knee Ligament Register (SKLR) between 2006 and 2013 were linked with data from the Swedish National Board of Health and Welfare to identify patients with postoperative septic arthritis. These patients were verified in a nationwide medical records analysis and compared with patients without infection in the SKLR. The patient‐reported outcome was measured using the Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Index Score (KOOS) and the European Quality of Life Five Dimensions Index (EQ‐5D) at 1, 2 and 5 years postoperatively and the 5‐year risk of revision surgery was calculated.

Results

There were 268 events of septic arthritis (1.2%). The mean scores on the KOOS and EQ‐5D index were significantly lower for patients with septic arthritis on all subscales on all follow‐up occasions compared with patients without septic arthritis. Patients with septic arthritis had a revision rate of 8.2% compared with 4.2% in patients without septic arthritis (adjusted hazard ratio 2.04; confidence interval 1.34–3.12).

Conclusion

Patients suffering from septic arthritis following ACLR are associated with poorer patient‐reported outcomes at 1‐, 2‐ and 5‐year follow‐ups compared with patients without septic arthritis. The risk of revision ACL reconstruction within 5 years of the primary operation for patients with septic arthritis following ACLR is almost twice as high, compared with patients without septic arthritis.

Level of evidence

III.
Optimizers for optimal coordination of distance relays and non-standard characteristics of directional overcurrent relays
Authors: Korashy Ahmed , Kamel Salah , Jurado Francisco
Published: July 2023

In this paper, different methods are utilized to solve the coordination issue involving directional overcurrent relays (DOCRs) and distance relays. The proper coordination of DOCRs and distance relays is a critical issue for system security in electrical networks. Finding the DOCRs setting, pickup current(Ip) and timed dial setting (TDS), and operating time for zone-2 of distance relays is the primary objective of solving the coordination problem. The constant parameters A & B of the directional overcurrent relay that are responsible to control the form of the relay´s characteristics as well as the Ip and TDS have been regarded as variables in this problem. The optimal value for these four DOCR settings has been determined using different optimization techniques. The primary and backup relays must operate sequentially and without any violations, and this must be guaranteed by optimization techniques. In order to determine the operation time for zone-2 and DOCRs setting, optimization methods are examined utilizing the 8-bus and IEEE 30-bus networks. Different optimization algorithms, including recent and traditional techniques, are compared. The obtained results show the superiority of the genetic algorithm (GA) in solving the coordination problem of distance relays and DOCRs. Also, the obtained results prove the ability of the GA method compared to the particle swarm algorithm (PSO), grey wolf optimization (GWO), water cycle technique (WCA), equilibrium optimizer (EO), African vultures optimization algorithm (AVOA), flow direction algorithm (FDA), and gorilla troops optimizer (GTO) techniques.
Separable equivalences, finitely generated cohomology and finite tensor categories
Authors: Bergh Petter Andreas
Published: July 2023

We show that finitely generated cohomology is invariant under separable equivalences for all algebras. As a result, we obtain a proof of the finite generation of cohomology for finite symmetric tensor categories in characteristic zero, as conjectured by Etingof and Ostrik. Moreover, for such categories we also determine the representation dimension and the Rouquier dimension of the stable category. Finally, we recover a number of results on the cohomology of stably equivalent and singularly equivalent algebras.
Arthrobacter sp. Inoculation Improves Cactus Pear Growth, Quality of Fruits, and Nutraceutical Properties of Cladodes
Authors: Platamone G. , Procacci S. , Maccioni O. , Borromeo I. , Rossi M. , Bacchetta Loretta , Forni C.
Published: July 2023

A study was undertaken to determine the effects of a strain of Arthrobacter sp., a Plant Growth-Promoting Bacteria (PGPB), on plant phenology and qualitative composition of Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) Mill. fruits and cladodes. The strain was inoculated in soil, and its effects on cactus pear plants were detected and compared to nontreated plants. Compared to the latter, the treatment with bacteria promoted an earlier plant sprouting (2 months before the control) and fruitification, ameliorating fruit quality (i.e., improved fresh and dry weight: + 24% and + 26%, respectively, increased total solid content by 30% and polyphenols concentrations by 22%). The quality and quantity of monosaccharides of cladodes were also increased by Arthrobacter sp. with a positive effect on their nutraceutical value. In summer, the mean values of xylose, arabinose, and mannose were significantly higher in treated compared to not treated plants (+ 3.54; + 7.04; + 4.76 mg/kg d.w. respectively). A similar trend was observed in autumn, when the cladodes of inoculated plants had higher contents, i.e., 33% xylose, 65% arabinose, and 40% mannose, respect to the controls. In conclusion, Arthrobacter sp. plays a role in the improvement of nutritional and nutraceutical properties of cactus pear plants due to its capabilities to promote plant growth. Therefore, these results open new perspectives in PGPB application in the agro-farming system as alternative strategy to improve cactus pear growth, yield, and cladodes quality, being the latter the main by-product to be utilized for additional industrial uses.
Evolving trends in the surgical therapy of patients with endometrial cancer in Germany: analysis of a nationwide registry with special emphasis on perioperative outcomes
Authors: Roth Katrin , Kaier Klaus , Stachon Peter , von zur Mühlen Constantin , Jungmann Peter , Grimm Juliane , Klar Maximilian , Juhasz-Böss Ingolf , Taran Florin-Andrei
Published: July 2023

Purpose

Endometrial cancer (EC) is the most common gynecological malignancy in women, with increasing incidence in the last decades. Surgical therapy is the mainstay of the initial management. The present study analyzed the evolving trends of surgical therapy in Germany in patients diagnosed with EC recorded in a nationwide registry.

Methods

All patients with the diagnosis of EC undergoing open surgery, laparoscopic surgery, and robotic-assisted laparoscopic surgery between 2007 and 2018 were identified by international classification of diseases (ICD) or specific operational codes (OPS) within the database of the German federal bureau of statistics.

Results

A total of 85,204 patients underwent surgical therapy for EC. Beginning with 2013, minimal-invasive surgical therapy was the leading approach for patients with EC. Open surgery was associated with a higher risk of in-hospital mortality (1.3% vs. 0.2%, p < 0.001), of prolonged mechanical ventilation (1.3% vs. 0.2%, p < 0.001), and of prolonged hospital stay (13.7 ± 10.2 days vs. 7.2 ± 5.3 days, p < 0.001) compared to laparoscopic surgery. A total of 1551 (0.04%) patients undergoing laparoscopic surgery were converted to laparotomy. Procedure costs were highest for laparotomy, followed by robotic-assisted laparoscopy and laparoscopy (8286 ± 7533€ vs. 7083 ± 3893€ vs. 6047 ± 3509€, p < 0.001).

Conclusion

The present study revealed that minimal-invasive surgery has increasingly become the standard surgical procedure for patients with EC in Germany. Furthermore, minimal-invasive surgery had superior in-hospital outcomes compared to laparotomy. Moreover, the use of robotic-assisted laparoscopic surgery is increasing, with a comparable in-hospital safety profile to conventional laparoscopy.
The impact of anatomy variation on temperature based time of death estimation
Authors: Ullrich Julia , Weiser Martin , Shanmugam Subramaniam Jayant , Schenkl Sebastian , Muggenthaler Holger , Hubig Michael , Mall Gita
Published: July 2023

Temperature-based time of death estimation using simulation methods such as the finite element method promise higher accuracy and broader applicability in nonstandard cooling scenarios than established phenomenological methods. Their accuracy depends crucially on the simulation model to capture the actual situation, which in turn hinges on the representation of the corpse’s anatomy in form of computational meshes as well as on the thermodynamic parameters. While inaccuracies in anatomy representation due to coarse mesh resolution are known to have a minor impact on the estimated time of death, the sensitivity with respect to larger differences in the anatomy has so far not been studied. We assess this sensitivity by comparing four independently generated and vastly different anatomical models in terms of the estimated time of death in an identical cooling scenario. In order to isolate the impact of shape variation, the models are scaled to a reference size, and the possible impact of measurement location variation is excluded explicitly by finding measurement locations leading to minimum deviations. The thus obtained lower bound on the impact of anatomy on the estimated time of death shows, that anatomy variations lead to deviations of at least 5–10%.
A Simplified Approach to Estimate Anchoring Capacity of Blocky Rock Mass with Pressure Arch Theory
Authors: Shabanimashcool Mahdi , Bērziņš Andris
Published: July 2023

In this paper, a simplified method for predicting rock mass resistance against tensile forces from rock anchors (anchor) is presented. The interaction of anchors and rock mass was investigated using three-dimensional discontinuous numerical modelling. Several patterns of rock discontinuities were assumed in the numerical modelling while a single anchor is embedded in it. The numerical results show that the existence of a discontinuity set sub-parallel to the anchor significantly improves the rock mass resistance against the tensile force from the anchors. This phenomenon is due to the rock block interlocking at the sub-parallel discontinuity set. Rock block interlocking generates a zone of stress concentration inside the rock mass which has an arch shape (i.e., a pressure arch), resisting against the anchor's tensile force. The load-bearing capacity of the pressure arch plays a significant role in the resistance of the rock mass against the forces from the rock anchor. A voussoir beam analogy was utilised to study the load-bearing capacity of the pressure arch. A simplified analytical approach was developed to assess the load-bearing capacity of the voussoir beams. Then, it was used in combination with the weight of the mobilised rock mass by the anchor to assess the maximum anchoring resistance of the rock mass (anchoring capacity). The suggested method was calibrated by numerical modelling and relevant published pull-out test results. The technique developed in this paper shows the significance of rock block size, shear behaviour of rock discontinuities, Young's modulus of the rock mass, and uniaxial compressive and tensile strength of the intact rock in anchoring capacity of rock masses.
Identitätsfindungen in den 20ern des 21. Jahrhunderts
Authors: Löffler-Stastka Henriette , Steinmair Dagmar
Published: July 2023

In der Psychotherapieausbildung ist eine Kompetenzorientierung, die Definition von Kompetenzprofilen, die entlang von Lernpfaden vermittelt werden, zentral. Mentalisierung beschreibt die menschliche Fähigkeit, eigene und fremde psychische Zustände zu verstehen und wird als eine der Kernkompetenzen von Psychotherapeut:innen angesehen. Bedarfserschließung und New-Work-Bewegungen legen ein Kompetenzmanagement und konstruktive interdisziplinäre Zusammenarbeit nahe.
A dive into spectral inference networks: improved algorithms for self-supervised learning of continuous spectral representations
Authors: Wu J. , Wang S. F. , Perdikaris P.
Published: July 2023

We propose a self-supervising learning framework for finding the dominant eigenfunction-eigenvalue pairs of linear and self-adjoint operators. We represent target eigenfunctions with coordinate-based neural networks and employ the Fourier positional encodings to enable the approximation of high-frequency modes. We formulate a self-supervised training objective for spectral learning and propose a novel regularization mechanism to ensure that the network finds the exact eigenfunctions instead of a space spanned by the eigenfunctions. Furthermore, we investigate the effect of weight normalization as a mechanism to alleviate the risk of recovering linear dependent modes, allowing us to accurately recover a large number of eigenpairs. The effectiveness of our methods is demonstrated across a collection of representative benchmarks including both local and non-local diffusion operators, as well as high-dimensional time-series data from a video sequence. Our results indicate that the present algorithm can outperform competing approaches in terms of both approximation accuracy and computational cost.
The Influence of Partnership Status on Fertility Intentions of Childless Women and Men Across European Countries
Authors: Sturm Nadia , Koops Judith C. , Rutigliano Roberta
Published: July 2023

The absence of a suitable partner is the most frequently given reason for unmet fertility intentions across European countries while having a partner is positively associated with the intention to have a child. However, once this relationship is framed within a life-course approach, existing evidence is mixed and inconclusive. The norm to have children within a stable relationship and norms regarding the timing of childbirth are acknowledged in many contemporary societies. Therefore, the presence of a partner might have a stronger effect on fertility intentions around the social deadline for fertility, which could explain the mixed findings in previous research. This article analyses how fertility intentions are influenced by partnership status and how this relationship varies by age and across countries. We use data from the first wave of the Generations and Gender Survey to analyse a sample of childless men and women aged 18–45 years from 12 European countries. We implement logistic regression models to investigate the influence of having a partner on fertility intentions during the life course. Previous studies found that the positive influence of having a partner either decreases across the life course or does not vary significantly. This study reveals that the positive association between partnership and fertility intentions increases from the age of 18, proving that whether someone is in a partnership becomes more influential at later stages in life. After a certain age threshold, which varies across countries and gender, this positive association either turns insignificant, remains positive, or reverses.
Do Income and Employment Uncertainty Affect Couple Stability? Evidence for France During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Barbuscia Anna , Pailhé Ariane , Solaz Anne ,   Epicov team, Bajos Nathalie , Warszawski Josiane , Bagein Guillaume , Beck François , Counil Emilie , Jusot Florence , Lydie Nathalie , Martin Claude , Meyer Laurence , Pailhé Ariane , Raynaud Philippe , Rouquette Alexandra , Rahib Delphine , Sicard Patrick , Slama Rémy , Spire Alexis
Published: July 2023

Economic uncertainty and family dynamics are strictly connected. The increasing uncertainty generated by the Covid-19 pandemic is thus likely to affect couple relationships and stability, with potential opposite effects. Using data from the nationally representative EPICOV survey, that followed individuals throughout the first year of pandemic in France, we examined separation rates and how these were associated with different measures of employment and income uncertainty, including both pre-pandemic conditions and changes occurred during and after the first lockdown in Spring 2020 in France. Our results show increased rates of separation, especially among younger people, during the 6 months after the first lockdown, and a return to rates more similar to those observed in usual times, afterwards. Individuals who were unemployed and had lower income before the beginning of the pandemic were more likely to separate soon after the lockdown, while changes in employment conditions due to the lockdown were not linked with a higher separation risk. The job protection and the income compensation provided by the French state, as well a less stigmatising effect of unemployment occurred during the covid crisis, may explain the absence of effect. Self-declared deterioration in financial condition, especially when declared by men, was associated with higher separation risk for the whole year of observation.
Five-year results of iontophoresis-assisted transepithelial corneal cross-linking for keratoconus
Authors: Roszkowska Anna Maria , Oliverio Giovanni William , Hydzik-Sajak Katarzyna , De Crescenzo Michele , Aragona Pasquale
Published: July 2023

Purpose

To assess long-term efficacy and safety of iontophoresis-assisted transepithelial corneal cross-linking (I-CXL) for keratoconus.

Patients and methods

Twenty-seven eyes of 21 patients (15 M, 6F) affected by progressive keratoconus were evaluated. All subjects were treated with iontophoresis-assisted transepithelial CXL. The patients were examined at baseline and each 6 months after the CXL procedure. Only subjects who completed the follow-up of 5 years were considered in this study. The main outcome measures were uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA), corrected visual acuity (CDVA), corneal transparency and corneal parameters such as K-max, central corneal thickness (CCT) and at the thinnest point, and high-order ocular aberrations (HOAs). The ABCD system was used to determine the progression and re-progression of ectasia.

Setting

Ophthalmology Clinic, University Hospital of Messina, Messina, Italy.

Results

At 5 years, significant improvements of UCVA from 0.53 ± 0.33 logMAR to 0.4 ± 0.33 logMAR (p = 0.001) and HOAs (p = 0.01) were registered. No significant changes of CDVA (p = 0.4), K-max (p = 0.75), CCT (p = 0.5) were observed at the end of follow-up period.

The ABCD system showed re-progression in 25.9% of eyes after 5 years. No adverse events such as corneal opacities and infections were reported.

Conclusions

Iontophoresis-assisted transepithelial CXL resulted to be safe and effective to stabilize progressive keratoconus in adults at a long-term follow-up.
Strengthening the Theoretical Commitments Underpinning Therapeutic Jurisprudence Research: Ontology and Epistemology
Authors: Kawałek Anna
Published: July 2023

Therapeutic Jurisprudence is a legal philosophy concerned with the human effects of the law. Its scholarly work promotes greater interaction between law and the social sciences to draw attention to the therapeutic and/or anti-therapeutic side-effects of law. Despite significant headway having been made in therapeutic jurisprudence scholarship during its relatively short lifespan, there remain gaps in theory, not least, in terms of the ontological and epistemological commitments that underpin and drive its research, as well as how its methodology resonates with those from its predecessor schools: legal realism and sociological jurisprudence. This essay will respond to these gaps and, in doing so, will also acknowledge some of the key similarities and differences in the methodological underpinnings of the claims from legal realism and sociological jurisprudence (as well as legal positivism and formalism).
The potential therapeutic effect of phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors in the acute ischemic stroke (AIS)
Authors: AlRuwaili Raed , Al-kuraishy Hayder M. , Alruwaili Mubarak , Khalifa Amira Karam , Alexiou Athanasios , Papadakis Marios , Saad Hebatallah M. , Batiha Gaber El-Saber
Published: July 2023

Acute ischemic stroke (AIS) is a focal neurological disorder that accounts for 85% of all stroke types, due to occlusion of cerebral arteries by thrombosis and emboli. AIS is also developed due to cerebral hemodynamic abnormality. AIS is associated with the development of neuroinflammation which increases the severity of AIS. Phosphodiesterase enzyme (PDEs) inhibitors have neuro-restorative and neuroprotective effects against the development of AIS through modulation of the cerebral cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)/cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP)/nitric oxide (NO) pathway. PDE5 inhibitors through mitigation of neuroinflammation may decrease the risk of long-term AIS-induced complications. PDE5 inhibitors may affect the hemodynamic properties and coagulation pathway which are associated with thrombotic complications in AIS. PDE5 inhibitors reduce activation of the pro-coagulant pathway and improve the microcirculatory level in patients with hemodynamic disturbances in AIS. PDE5 inhibitors mainly tadalafil and sildenafil improve clinical outcomes in AIS patients through the regulation of cerebral perfusion and cerebral blood flow (CBF). PDE5 inhibitors reduced thrombomodulin, P-selectin, and tissue plasminogen activator. Herein, PDE5 inhibitors may reduce activation of the pro-coagulant pathway and improve the microcirculatory level in patients with hemodynamic disturbances in AIS. In conclusion, PDE5 inhibitors may have potential roles in the management of AIS through modulation of CBF, cAMP/cGMP/NO pathway, neuroinflammation, and inflammatory signaling pathways. Preclinical and clinical studies are recommended in this regard.

Graphical abstract
Triple sensing scheme based on nonlinear coupled micromachined resonators
Authors: Fang Zhengliang , Theodossiades Stephanos , Hajjaj Amal Z.
Published: July 2023

In the past few decades, advances in micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS) have produced robust, accurate, and high-performance devices. Extensive research has been conducted to improve the selectivity and sensitivity of MEMS sensors by adjusting the device dimensions and adopting nonlinear features. However, sensing multiple parameters is still a challenging topic. Except for the limited research focus on multi-gas and multimode sensing, detecting multiple parameters typically relies on combining several separate MEMS sensors. In this work, a new triple sensing scheme via nonlinear weakly coupled resonators is introduced, which could simultaneously detect three different physical stimuli (including longitudinal acceleration) by monitoring the dynamic response around the first three lowest vibration modes. The Euler–Bernoulli beam model with three-mode Galerkin discretization is used to derive a reduced-order model considering the geometric and electrostatic nonlinearities to characterize the resonator's nonlinear dynamics under the influence of different stimuli. The simulation results show the potential of the nonlinear coupled resonator to simultaneously perform triple detection.
Rate of Convergence in the Smoluchowski-Kramers Approximation for Mean-field Stochastic Differential Equations
Authors: Son Ta Cong , Le Dung Quang , Duong Manh Hong
Published: July 2023

In this paper we study a second-order mean-field stochastic differential systems describing the movement of a particle under the influence of a time-dependent force, a friction, a mean-field interaction and a space and time-dependent stochastic noise. Using techniques from Malliavin calculus, we establish explicit rates of convergence in the zero-mass limit (Smoluchowski-Kramers approximation) in the $$L^p$$

L
p

-distances and in the total variation distance for the position process, the velocity process and a re-scaled velocity process to their corresponding limiting processes.
Addiction and the Capability to Abstain
Authors: Östlund Sebastian
Published: July 2023

Addiction is a widespread problem affecting people from different regions, generations, and classes. It is often analysed as a problem consisting in compulsion or poor choice-making. Recently, however, integrated analyses of compulsion and choice have been called for. In this paper, I argue that the capability approach highlights the well-being loss at stake in cases of addiction, whether they are described as stemming from compulsion, poor choice-making, or some combination thereof. The relevant capabilities obtain when combinations of individual, socio-political, and environmental factors jointly facilitate abstention. On this complementary evaluative analysis, people’s capabilities to abstain are shown to be undermined by how different kinds of factors interact with each other. The upshot is that without committing to an empirical view of the nature of addiction that must capture each case, the capabilitarian analysis helps highlight a central goal of addiction-related well-being policy-work, namely to promote people’s genuine opportunities to abstain.
Temporomandibular joint involvement in patients with Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis: comparison of ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging in assessing the periarticular space width
Authors: Tonni Ingrid , Fossati Giulia , Garo Maria Luisa , Piancino Maria Grazia , Cattalini Marco , Visconti Luca , Borghesi Andrea
Published: July 2023

Objectives

This study aimed to compare the performance of Ultrasonography (US) and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) in assessing the Lateral Periarticular Space (LPAS) of Temporomandibular Joints (TMJs) in patients with Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA).

Methods

The LPAS width was evaluated in two different patient groups. In the JIA group, including 29 children (13 ± 2.8 years) with JIA, the LPAS width was measured with both MRI and US. In the healthy group, including 28 healthy children (12.6 ± 2.5 years), the LPAS width was measured only with US. Comparisons of LPAS width based on patient groups and TMJ contrast enhancement in MRI were evaluated by applying the Mann–Whitney U test. Correlation and agreement between MRI and US measurements in JIA group were tested using Spearman rank correlation and Bland–Altman method.

Results

The LPAS width was significantly greater in the JIA group than in the healthy group. In the JIA group, the LPAS width was significantly greater in TMJs with moderate/severe enhancement than those with mild enhancement. A positive significant correlation between MRI and US measurements of LPAS width was found in the JIA group. In the same group, Bland–Altman method showed a good level of agreement between MRI and US measurements.

Conclusion

Although, US cannot replace MRI in the evaluation of TMJ in patients with JIA, US could be used as a supplementary imaging method to MRI in assessing the TMJ disease.
Profile der Berufswahlmotivation von Studierenden des beruflichen Lehramts und deren Zusammenhänge mit berufsbezogenem Selbstkonzept und Berufswahlsicherheit
Authors: Stellmacher Anne , Paetsch Jennifer
Published: July 2023

Berufswahlmotive von angehenden Lehrkräften können die Entwicklung professioneller Kompetenz im Lehramtsstudium beeinflussen und somit den Studien- und späteren Berufserfolg mitbestimmen. Die vorliegende Studie untersucht erstmals die Berufswahlmotive von Studierenden des beruflichen Lehramts (N = 350) mittels einer latenten Profilanalyse mit dem Ziel, günstige und ungünstige Berufswahlmotivkonstellationen zu identifizieren. Als Indikatoren für Studienerfolg wurden das berufsbezogene Selbstkonzept und die Berufswahlsicherheit herangezogen. Auf Basis der sechs Subskalen des Fragebogens zur Erfassung der Motivation für die Wahl des Lehramtsstudiums (FEMOLA) konnten fünf Profile identifiziert werden. Dabei erwiesen sich zwei als günstig und eines als eher ungünstig. Die günstigen Profile zeichneten sich beide durch eine hohe intrinsische Motivation aus, wobei ein Profil gleichzeitig auch extrinsisch motiviert ist. Beide Profile haben eine hohe Berufswahlsicherheit und hohe Selbsteinschätzungen im berufsbezogenen Selbstkonzept. Das ungünstige Profil hat die höchste Ausprägung in der Nützlichkeitsskala und niedrige interessensbezogene Berufswahlmotive. Bei dieser Gruppe sind die Berufswahlsicherheit und das berufsbezogene Selbstkonzept am geringsten ausgeprägt, sodass diese Berufswahlmotivkonstellation als risikohaft beschrieben werden kann.
Group schemes and motivic spectra
Authors: Garkusha Grigory
Published: July 2023

By a theorem of Mandell, May, Schwede and Shipley [21] the stable homotopy theory of classical S1-spectra is recovered from orthogonal spectra. In this paper general linear, special linear, symplectic, orthogonal and special orthogonal motivic spectra are introduced and studied. It is shown that stable homotopy theory of motivic spectra is recovered from each of these types of spectra. An application is given for the localization functor $${C *}{\cal F}r:{\rm{S}}{{\rm{H}}_{{\rm{nis}}}}(k) \to {\rm{S}}{{\rm{H}}_{{\rm{nis}}}}(k)$$

C
∗

ℱ
r
:

SH

nis

(
k
)
→

SH

nis

(
k
)
in the sense of [15] that converts Morel–Voevodsky stable motivic homotopy theory SH(k) into the equivalent local theory of framed bispectra [15].
Jugend und gesellschaftspolitische Handlungsfähigkeit
Authors: Gröschner Caroline , Schildknecht Lukas
Published: July 2023

Wenn Sozialpädagogik mehr sein möchte als tradierende Institution und die Weitergabe bestimmter festgelegter Normen, muss sie ihre Adressat_innen als Handelnde erstnehmen und ihnen Handlungsfähigkeit ermöglichen. Die Generationenkonflikte um Klimagerechtigkeit und Diversität an Schulen zeigen exemplarisch, wie sich kollektive Handlungsfähigkeit Jugendlicher darstellt. Die Ausführungen lenken zudem die Aufmerksamkeit auf die Zentralität von Aushandlungsprozessen in den Praxen der Arbeit mit Menschen.
Co-planning and co-design as progress in the implementation of welfare services
Authors: Becchetti Leonardo , Pisani Fabio , Raffaele Luca
Published: July 2023

Co-planning (and co-design) of welfare services between public administrations and civic organisations is an innovative approach aiming to enact and maximise aggregate effort and competence contributions among complementary actors in the direction of participation and active citizenship. In our paper, we develop a simple theoretical framework trying to illustrate how it is possible to pursue the first best of an optimal participated planning, design and management approach for welfare services. We examine pros and cons of different solutions reconciling involvement of civil actors and respect of antitrust principles outlining four benchmark models with different characteristics in terms of upstream and downstream participation levels. We outline policy proposals to solve dilemmas related to the difficulty of jointly activating participation, intrinsic and monetary incentives avoiding in the meanwhile collusion and corruption.
Geomorphology of Abandoned Underground Slate Mines in Czechia
Authors: Schuchová Kristýna , Lenart Jan , Stacke Václav
Published: July 2023

We conducted one of the first complex geomorphological investigations of underground abandoned slate mines in Czechia, Central Europe. Sixty types of subterranean geomorphic forms were described from 114 abandoned underground slate mines in the Nízký Jeseník Upland. The forms, evaluated according to their type, scale, frequency, and fragility, are independent of each other or embedded. Their cascades occur in large multilevel mines affected by fluvial and gravitational processes. Analysis of the microforms revealed mine pearls enriched with titanium, calcareous soda-straw stalactites, amorphous calcareous-sulphurous piles, and quartz veins. Forty-seven of the identified mines were affected by gravitational failures. Four-year measurements of cracks revealed both negligible oscillations and distinct displacement of rock blocks up to 4 mm. The range of described geomorphic forms together with identified cascades and measured crack displacement point to rich geodiversity and high dynamics within the abandoned mines. Compared to other subterranean geosystems, the geomorphology of abandoned underground slate mines remains poorly investigated, although knowledge of subterranean geomorphic systems is crucial for future natural evaluation, risk assessment, remediation, or tourist management of abandoned mining sites. The recent results are applicable to other types of abandoned mines in the world. However, we should expect new findings and investigation of as yet undescribed geomorphic forms.
Unraveling Early Holocene occupation patterns at El Arenal de la Virgen (Alicante, Spain) open-air site: an integrated palimpsest analysis
Authors: Rabuñal José Ramón , Gómez-Puche Magdalena , Polo-Díaz Ana , Fernández-López de Pablo Javier
Published: July 2023

Palimpsests are ubiquitous in the open-air archaeological record. Yet, integrated intra-site research strategies of palimpsest dissection to infer occupational histories, spatial behavioural patterns and site formation processes remain scarce in the postglacial archaeology. In this work, we apply an integrated protocol of palimpsest analysis to the Mesolithic Unit IV of El Arenal de la Virgen site, radiocarbon dated in two different occupation phases (9.3–9.1 k and 8.6–8.3 k cal BP). While the archaeostratigraphic analysis identified the absence of sterile layers between both phases, the lithic refits confirmed the good preservation of the spatial properties of the assemblage. Using different point pattern analysis and geostatistical techniques, we further investigate the overall distribution pattern, the spatial correlation between lithic remains and occupation features according to different artefact categories, and the variability of spatial autocorrelation in the frequency of burnt microdebris. Our results suggest a behavioural pattern of different, and spatially recurrent, short-term camp occupation episodes. Built on explicit quantitative and reproducible standards, our research approach can be applied to other open-air sites to conduct comparative studies on open-air occupation patterns. This study underscores the importance of considering the palimpsest as an analytical unit and the need for assessing assemblage integrity and site formation processes through multidisciplinary approaches, to better characterise site occupation dynamics.
Gibbs manifolds
Authors: Pavlov Dmitrii , Sturmfels Bernd , Telen Simon
Published: July 2023

Gibbs manifolds are images of affine spaces of symmetric matrices under the exponential map. They arise in applications such as optimization, statistics and quantum physics, where they extend the ubiquitous role of toric geometry. The Gibbs variety is the zero locus of all polynomials that vanish on the Gibbs manifold. We compute these polynomials and show that the Gibbs variety is low-dimensional. Our theory is applied to a wide range of scenarios, including matrix pencils and quantum optimal transport.
The Description and Prediction of Incidence, Prevalence, Mortality, Disability-Adjusted Life Years Cases, and Corresponding Age-Standardized Rates for Global Diabetes
Authors: Sun Jianran , Hu Wan , Ye Shandong , Deng Datong , Chen Mingwei
Published: July 2023

Objective

Diabetes is a life-long disease that poses a serious threat to safety and health. We aimed to assess the disease burden attributable to diabetes globally and by different subgroups, and to predict future disease burden using statistical models.

Methods

This study was divided into three stages. Firstly, we evaluated the disease burden attributable to diabetes globally and by different subgroups in 2019. Second, we assessed the trends from 1990 to 2019. We estimated the annual percentage change of disease burden by applying a linear regression model. Finally, the age-period-cohort model was used to predict the disease burden from 2020 to 2044. Sensitivity analysis was performed with time-series models.

Results

In 2019, the number of incidence cases of diabetes globally was 22239396 (95% uncertainty interval (UI): 20599519–24058945). The number of prevalence cases was 459875371 (95% UI 423474244–497980624) the number of deaths cases was 1551170 (95% UI 1445555–1650675) and the number of disability-adjusted life years cases was 70880155 (95% UI 59707574–84174005). The disease burden was lower in females than males and increased with age. The disease burden associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus was greater than that with type 1; the burden also varied across different socio-demographic index regions and different countries. The global disease burden of diabetes increased significantly over the past 30 years and will continue to increase in the future.

Conclusion

The disease burden of diabetes contributed significantly to the global disease burden. It is important to improve treatment and diagnosis to halt the growth in disease burden.
Normal approximation in total variation for statistics in geometric probability
Authors: Cong Tianshu , Xia Aihua
Published: July 2023

We use Stein’s method to establish the rates of normal approximation in terms of the total variation distance for a large class of sums of score functions of samples arising from random events driven by a marked Poisson point process on
$\mathbb{R}^d$
. As in the study under the weaker Kolmogorov distance, the score functions are assumed to satisfy stabilisation and moment conditions. At the cost of an additional non-singularity condition, we show that the rates are in line with those under the Kolmogorov distance. We demonstrate the use of the theorems in four applications: Voronoi tessellations, k-nearest-neighbours graphs, timber volume, and maximal layers.