bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Changes in Chemical Composition and Rice Cooking Quality Through the Utilization of Respiration Heat of Freshly Harvested Rice During Storage
Authors: Millati Tanwirul , Akbar Arief Rahmad Maulana , Susi Susi , Rahmi Alia
Published: February 2018

This study aims to determine the effect of the type of packaging and storage time on the chemical composition and rice cooking quality by utilizing the respiration generated heat of freshly harvested rice. “Siam Pandak” variety of freshly harvested rice stored in black plastic bag and tarpaulin with storage time of 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 days. The results showed that the accumulation of respiration heat of freshly harvested rice during storage is only capable of raising the temperature in the packaging up to 28 – 31°C, slightly higher than room temperature ranging between 26 – 29°C. Types of packaging and storage time could increase water absorption capacity, protein and fiber contents; and reduce fat and carbohydrate contents. The increase in water absorption capacity was obtained in black plastic bag with storage time of one day, which amounted to 298.27% (an increase of 27.74% compared to control), the highest protein content with storage time of two days with a protein content of 8.56% (an increase of 7.31% compared to control), fiber content in the tarp packaging with storage time of five days, which amounted to 2.40% (an increase of 96.46% compared to control).
Pathogenity Test Bacteria Pasteurella multocida Local Isolate Using Postulate Koch
Authors: Herliani Herliani , Sulaiman Abrani , Hidayat Muhammad Ilmi , Hidayat Ananda Mellyani
Published: February 2018

The study aimed to find out whether Pasteurella multocida bacteria isolated from buffalo in HSU (Hulu Sungai Utara) is the cause of SE (Septicema  epizootica) disease in swamp buffaloes using Koch Postulates. Total of 10 Balb-C mice aged 2 weeks were infected with 100 μl culture containing 4 x 108 CFU (1.5 McFarland Scale) P. multocida subcutaneously in the neck , and observed every 4 hours until the animal died. Samples were taken from the spleen, lungs, and heart with different times of death within 15 hours, 35 hours, and 59 hours with sterile swab cotton. Samples were grown on a nutrient broth medium (NB), inoculated on a soy trypticase agar (TSA), and incubated for 24 hours at 37 ° C. Separate colonies were stained with Gram and spore staining. The colonies were tested by catalase, biochemical, indol motility (SIM) sulfite, confectionary, and planted on Mac Conkey Agar media. P. multocida was identified following Carter's method of showing lung, spleen, and positively infected P. multocida samples. It was concluded that P. multocida bacteria isolated from buffalo in HSU are pathogenic and can cause SE disease.
CHANGES OF METHODOLOGY IN ASSESSMENT OF PROBABILITY OF BANKRUPTCY OF THE RUSSIAN COMPANIES IN THE CONDITIONS OF ECONOMIC SANCTIONS
Authors: Kaledin Sergey
Published: February 2018

Until recently, the economic entities in Russia made an assessment of their financial and economic situation according to the traditional procedures, prevalent for the decades. These techniques have played a positive role at a certain stage of development, as the Russian state, and the world economy as a whole. However, it seems the time has come to change the tradition in determining financial stability, solvency, liquidity, business enterprises, associations, sectors of the economy to make substantial changes in the conditions of economic sanctions aimed at weakening of the national economy. The approaches to the determination of the probability of enterprises’ bankruptcy, which are mainly based on the theories of Western economists, require changes.
Water Quality Study for Grouper Mariculture in Divur Bay Dullah Island, Tual City
Authors: Djokosetiyanto Daniel , Nawati Henny Fitri , Machfud Machfud , Fahrudin Achmad
Published: February 2018

Water quality is one of the factors that determine the feasibility and success of the development of grouper mariculture. The objective of this research was to analyze water quality which was prepared for grouper mariculture. This research was carried out in Divur Bay, Dullah island of Tual City. The water quality parameters observed were including temperature, brightness, salinity, pH, current velocity, depth, substrate type, DO, nitrate and phosphate in ten stations spread in Divur Bay. Water quality data were analyzed descriptively. The results showed that Divur Bay was feasible for the grouper culture development with a range of values of temperature, brightness, salinity, pH, current velocity, depth, DO, nitrate and phosphate obtained were 30-31oC; 2.28-7.86 m; 33-35 ppt; 7.7-8.1; 0.06-0.617m/s; 2..28-18.58 m; 3.7-4.8 ppm; 0.0015-0.219 ppm; 0.0076-0.0767 ppm.
6-Desaturase-Like Encoding Gene Introduction in Catfish (Clarias gariepinus)
Authors: Ayu Anny Hary , Alimuddin Alimuddin , Jusadi Dedi
Published: February 2018

African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) is one of the economically valuable aquaculture fish species in Indonesia. This research was aimed to produce F0 transgenic catfish carrying masou salmon Δ6-desaturase-like (OmΔ6FAD) gene. The Δ6-desaturase enzyme is involved in highly unsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis. Transgenic catfish was produced by sperm-mediated gene transfer using electroporation method. In this study, as the first step, sperms were electroporated with three different OmΔ6FAD concentration (25, 50, and 100 µg mL-1) to have the highest sperm viability after electroporation (125 V/cm, pulse frequency 5 times, pulse length 30 millisecond, pulse interval 0.1 second). The highest sperm viability and sperm carrying OmΔ6FAD were obtain at 100 µg mL-1. This concentration was then used to produce F0 transgenic catfish in the second step. Sperm motility, sperm viability, fertilization rate, hatching rate, and larval survival at 14 days after hatching were the same as the controls (p>0.05). Genomic DNA was extracted from caudal fin and then used as template to identify transgenic F0 by PCR method using specific primer for OmΔ6FAD gene. The PCR result showed that 53.84% of F0 carried OmΔ6FAD gene. The result of fatty acid analysis showed that EPA and DHA contents of F0 transgenic fish and non-transgenic fish were similar. Keywords: catfish, Δ6-desaturase-like gene, fatty acids, electroporation
Correlation of Peer Assessment with Learning Achievement in Predict Observe Explain (POE) Learning
Authors: Arlianty Widinda Normalia
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACT: This study aims to determine the correlation between peer assessment with learning achievement. The learning achievement was obtained from the value of chemistry practicum by taking three values, namely the value of responses and the pretest values taken using written test, and the value of practical skills taken using the peer assessment observation sheet. This research is a descriptive  study. The sample of this research is second-semester student, force 2015/2016 Chemical Education Study Program, Islamic University of Indonesia. Data analysis using nonparametric statistic correlation test Spearman Rank Order Correlation. Based on statistical analysis, it is found that there is a correlation between peer assessment and student learning achievement: 1) correlation of peer assessment with response 0,722; correlation of peer assessment with pretest of 0.651; and the correlation of peer assessment with practical skills of 0.617Keywords: peer assessment, learning achievement, correlationReceived: 15 January 2018, Revised: 15 February 2018, Accepted: 24 February
The Development of Ethnoscience-Based Chemical Enrichment Book as a Science Literacy
Authors: Fitria Mariana , Wisudawati Asih Widi
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACT: This study aims to examine the characteristics and quality of chemical enrichment books based on ethnosciences as a source of science literacy learners. The research method used is Research and Development. Data collection using questionnaire method. Data analysis is done quantitatively and qualitatively. The result of research is in the form of chemical enrichment book based on ethnoscience with characteristics: (1) A5 print media, (2) raised 4 Javanese cultural themes especially Yogyakarta area consisting of Batik, Wayang Kulit, Merapi, and Dagger themes, (3) the theme in general, the transformation of science from indigenous science to scientific science, and the renewal steps that can be made based on the existing environmental or social facts in the theme, (4) developed by containing affective, cognitive, andpsychomotor domains. Assessment is performed using an assessment  instrument that refers to the instrument B1 of the Center for Curriculum and Bookkeeping. Assessment by material experts, media experts, cultural experts, chemistry teachers, and students' responses were 83.33%, 90.9%, 60%, 84.30%, and 90%, respectively, with Good category (B), Very Good (SB), Enough (C), Very Good (SB), and Good (B), thus this chemical enrichment book deserves to be a source of science literacy by studentsKeywords: development, enrichment book, ethnoscience, javanese culture, literacy scienceReceived: 10 February 2018, 16 February 2018, Accepted: 24 February 2018
HIPÓTESES ABDUTIVAS ANTEFACTUAIS EM SITUAÇÕES PROATIVAS DE CRIAÇÃO DE CAMPANHAS PUBLICITÁRIAS: ANÁLISE COM BASE NA TEORIA DE CONCILIAÇÃO DE METAS
Authors: Luciano Suelen Francez Machado , Rauen Fábio José
Published: February 2018

Analisamos neste artigo o processo de formulação, execução e checagem de insights em situações proativas de criação de campanhas publicitárias a partir da modelação abdutivo-dedutiva fornecida pela teoria de conciliação metas de Rauen (2014). Assumimos que a criatividade na publicidade é superordenada por metas que a equipe de atendimento da agência publicitária negocia com os clientes, materializa em briefings e entrega à equipe de criação. Neste contexto, argumentamos que a emergência e a avaliação de insights podem ser mais bem compreendidas concebendo-os como hipóteses abdutivas antefactuais em direção à heteroconciliação de metas previamente definidas nos briefings. Para ilustrar nosso argumento, analisamos um vídeo publicado pela agência AlmapBBDO, relatando o case da promoção do carro Fox da Volkswagen no Planeta Terra Festival.
A ESCRITA NA AFASIA: DA PERDA À RECONSTITUIÇÃO DA LINGUAGEM
Authors: Pereira Lima Carvalho Magda Wacemberg , Da Silva Gonçalves de Azevedo Nadia Pereira
Published: February 2018

Considerando que na afasia o quadro sintomático de linguagem é marcado pela “insistência/persistência de uma diferença” (LIER­-DE VITTO, 2006, p. 186, grifos da autora), este trabalho tem como objetivo compreender o processo de reconstituição da escrita de um sujeito em estado de afasia, cuja linguagem foi gravemente perturbada.  De natureza exploratória com abordagem qualitativa, a pesquisa tem como corpus seis textos produzidos durante o período em que o sujeito esteve hospitalizado. O aporte teórico advém fundamentalmente de estudiosos da Afasiologia, da Aquisição e das Patologias de Linguagem, dentre os quais estão Freud ([1891] 1977; 2012); Jakobson ([1954] 2008); Morato (2012; 2013); Santana (2002); Lemos (1992; 2002; 2006); Lier-De Vitto (2006); Arantes (2006; 2009); Borges (2006; 2010); e Bosco (2010). Os resultados revelaram que o movimento de (re) composição da escrita do sujeito em questão foi marcado pela interação com o outro (terapeuta ou familiar), que como portador do texto-discurso conduziu o sujeito à escrita; significou e interpretou seus textos, por meio de atividades que envolviam situações cotidianas, (re) inserindo-o, com isso, no funcionamento linguístico-discursivo.
AS INTERPRETAÇÕES DO VERBO ‘DAR’ E SUA ESTRUTURA TEMÁTICA: UMA ANÁLISE SINTÁTICO-SEMÂNTICA
Authors: Ferreira Thayse Letícia , Rassi Amanda Pontes , Basso Renato Miguel
Published: February 2018

Neste artigo, apresentamos uma proposta de análise de algumas das várias interpretações possíveis do verbo ‘dar’, baseada nos conceitos de papéis temáticos e de hierarquia temática. Nossa análise permite dar conta de uma gama considerável de interpretações desse verbo, por meio de ferramentas independentemente motivadas, considerando uma grade temática básica para ele e uma hierarquia que permite gerar outras interpretações além daquela canônica, com três argumentos. Ao final, relacionamos nossa proposta com algumas estruturas fixas e semifixas do verbo ‘dar’.
Mediação editorial em artigos científicos: um estudo de injunções e apagamentos nas humanidades
Authors: Salazar Salgado Luciana , Moreira Clares Letícia
Published: February 2018

Este artigo delimita, na ampla discussão sobre comunicação científica, uma reflexão sobre a escrita de artigos no âmbito das humanidades, categoria que subsume diferentes práticas, as quais fazem parte tanto da formação para a pesquisa quanto da formatação da própria pesquisa. Para que seja comunicada, condição obrigatória, toda pesquisa deve atender a normas balizadas por métricas de avaliação, sob pena de não ser avalizada como conhecimento produzido. Diante disso, assumimos uma abordagem mediológica (DEBRAY, 2000a, b), isto é, no quadro epistemológico dos estudos do discurso que se filiam à chamada tradição francesa, esta reflexão se assenta na investigação da mediação entre sujeitos e objetos, mais precisamente na mediação editorial. Para apresentar um conjunto de dados de dois periódicos qualificados, cujas equipes foram entrevistadas, consideramos as métricas em vigor e o entrelaçamento de categorias institucionais. Com isso, parece possível dizer que a categoria humanidades agrupa o que funciona como uma espécie de outro das chamadas ciências duras.
Práticas de letramento, TIC e autonomia em contexto universitário
Authors: Capristano Cristiane Carneiro , Sousa Machado Tatiane Henrique , Metz Mônica Cristina
Published: February 2018

Este trabalho analisa relações entre Tecnologias de Informação e Comunicação (TIC) e práticas de letramento de acadêmicos de duas universidades do Paraná, com o propósito de ponderar sobre o efeito dos usos de TIC para a autonomia dos estudantes. Foi aplicado aos estudantes um questionário, a fim de averiguar diferenças entre usos das TIC por iniciativa própria e aqueles feitos por proposição de docentes e a existência de variação na interpretação feita pelos estudantes das práticas realizadas com ou sem TIC. As análises quantitativas e qualitativas permitiram constatar que todos os acadêmicos utilizam TIC por iniciativa própria, tanto em práticas cotidianas, como em acadêmicas. Quando essas atividades são propostas por docentes, em geral, restringem-se ao uso de Moodle, Classroom e às que permitem o compartilhamento de arquivos e/ou envio de tarefas. Verificou-se, também, pouca variabilidade na interpretação feita pelos estudantes das práticas acadêmicas: eles entendem que as práticas com TIC são mais “fáceis” e “ágeis” do que as realizadas de forma “tradicional”, aderindo a uma orientação discursiva que avalia as TIC como necessariamente positivas. Entendida a autonomia no sentido freireano, ambos os resultados sinalizam que os usos das TIC feitos pelos acadêmicos pouco contribui para a construção de sua autonomia.
Predicting Geomechanical Dynamics of the Steam-Assisted-Gravity-Drainage Process. Part I: Mohr-Coulomb (MC) Dilative Model
Authors: Irani Mazda
Published: February 2018

In the steam-assisted-gravity-drainage (SAGD) recovery process, the injection of high-pressure/high-temperature steam causes significant stress changes at the edge of the heated zone or steam chamber. These stress changes include shear dilation, which can both enhance the absolute permeability and result in horizontal and vertical formation displacements. The importance of considering geomechanical effects in thermal-recovery processes has been extensively discussed in the literature, but the prediction and surveillance of the resulting effects, such as the impact on production enhancement and reservoir displacement, have in many cases been neglected. Furthermore, issues related to these geomechanical effects on thermal production have been the subject of considerable debate in the industry with no conclusive, meaningful assessments of the effect on reservoir deliverability and production, or of the associated risks that such geomechanical effects have on wellbore and caprock integrity.

This study will focus on identification of the main findings from an extensive monitoring program conducted on the original SAGD pilot project conducted at the Underground Test Facility (UTF) in the late 1980s and a seismic program conducted during the last several years by an SAGD operator at a commercial thermal-recovery project. The measured displacements and identified dilation shear zones in these applications were compared with a Mohr-Coulomb (MC) dilative model. This paper illustrates some of the pros and cons of using such analytical models through comparison of the results based on field evidence of the dilation and shearing effects, and how these mechanisms affect both reservoir productivity (revenue) and wellbore and caprock integrity. Although the discussion on the geomechanical effects in thermal-recovery processes will no doubt continue, this study will provide field-supported results to illustrate both beneficial and potentially challenging impacts that these geomechanical effects can have in a thermal-recovery project.
UHPLC-UV Analysis of Morin and Structurally Related Flavonoids with Potential Anticancer Activity
Authors: Al-Tannak Naser F. , Al-Hasawi Nada A. , Novotny Ladislav
Published: February 2018

Background:

Flavonoids as secondary metabolites of plants fulfill various functions in cell
protection. They are of a considerable scientific interest because of their potentially medical use due to
their anticancer, chemoprotective, antimicrobial, antiallergic, anti-inflammatory and antiviral activities.

Objective: The study aimed to develop a new UHPLC-UV method for morin and 2 other structurally
related flavonoids - naringenin and kaempferol as the structural similarity of huge numbers of flavonoids
does not limit their various biological functions and activities.

Methods:

Separation of morin and 2 other structurally related flavonoids - naringenin and kaempferol -
was achieved by using BEH C18 (1.7 µm, 2.1 x 50 mm) analytical column (Waters® Acquity UPLC)
and a mobile phase composed of 0.05%v/v Formic acid in water and acetonitrile in proportion of 77:23
v/v and pumped at a flow rate of 0.4 ml/min. Column temperature was set at 25 ºC and samples were
analyzed (3 µl injection volume) at a wavelength of 340 nm. Waters® Xevo G2-S QToF coupled with
Waters® Acquity UPLC system with binary Solvent Manager (I-Class) via electrospray ionization (ESI)
interface was used to confirm the identity of the peaks in biological samples.

Results:

A rapid and simple UHPLC-UV separation of morin, kaempferol and naringenin is documented
including methods validation. The developed method was applied to measuring morin,
kaempferol and naringenin in human plasma after a solid phase extraction. Additionally, stability of
morin in tissue culture medium was verified. The extraction method and UHPLC-UV elution conditions
described provide a practical means to analyze morin, kaempferol and naringenin in biological matrices.

Conclusion:

The developed method is fast and highly sensitive. Moreover, the flavonoids used were
stable in human plasma for more than 10 days.
Case Report of an Obstructive Hydrocephalus Caused by an Unruptured Mesencephalic Arteriovenous Malformation in a Boy and a Review of Literature
Authors: Diren Furkan , Sencer Serra , Hakan Tayfun
Published: February 2018

Objective:

Arteriovenous malformation (AVM) is the most common form of intracranial vascular malformations in adults. Intracranial pediatric AVMs are rare. AVM located in the vicinity of the brain stem in children are even more rare.

Case report:

This study reports a rare case of acute obstructive hydrocephalus following aqueductal stenosis caused by an unruptured grade IV perimesencephalic arteriovenous malformation. An 11-year-old boy admitted to the hospital with progressive headache, nausea and vomiting throughout a month. A Computerized Tomography (CT) showed an obstructive hydrocephaly. A Magnetic Resonance (MR) imaging revealed a mesencephalic AVM compressing the aqueduct. The patient deteriorated in hours and an emergency ventriculoperitoneal shunting was performed. He did well in the early postoperative period. AVM examined with Digital Subtraction Angiography (DSA) in detail for maintaining the definitive treatment by means of endovascular embolization, microsurgery and stereotactic radiosurgery; but the patient was lost to follow up.

Conclusion:

A Pubmed search revealed 34 cases of hydrocephalus caused by an unruptured AVM in the literature, and only four cases were less than 18 years old with unruptured AVM locating in brain stem or posterior fossa. Although focal neurologic deficit, seizure and headache are the most common symptoms, acute neurologic deterioration due to hydrocephalus may be the presenting symptom in these cases. The decrease in intracranial pressure by changing the flow of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) via an emergency ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunting or Endoscopic Third Ventriculostomy (ETV) can be a lifesaving procedure that gives a chance for further treatment modalities.
A Review of Decision-making Models in Developed Countries towards Enhancing the Quality of Built Heritage Assets in Developing Countries
Authors: Umar Salim Bashir , Said Ismail
Published: February 2018

Worldwide population is rapidly growing economically and politically. Hence, countries have challenges of conserving its heritage properties. However, the rapid development is emerging, ignoring the existing architectural relic on the assets. Thereby fading away historical value and loss of asset’s identity. Lack of optimum reuse decision-making and less application of the available models contributed to such phenomenon, particularly in developing countries. Consequently, this study aimed at appraising the models adopted in developed countries by reviewing 9 Journal articles from year 1999 to 2017. As a result, Europe and USA were found to have the practice of conserving their built assets.
Science Diplomacy Transcend National Boundaries to Promote Greater Global Peace, Prosperity and Stability
Authors: Mohd Shah Rohani , Abdullah Nuraisyah Chua
Published: February 2018

Science facilitates a confluence of ideas, knowledge, expertise, and resources that transcend national boundaries and traditional disciplines towards efficiently addressing global problems. Science should be leveraged to promote effective knowledge-based international partnerships to solve common problems. Science diplomacy transcends borders, politics, culture, and religion where all accept the universality of science. It is through the use of international scientific cooperation more excellent quality can be fostered. The collaboration among the peoples of diverse geography from all nations can promote greater global peace, prosperity, and stability. However, there are invisible walls in accepting science as diplomacy; the bridge needs to be built.
Determinants of Subjective Well-Being: A Systematic Review
Authors: Azizan Nurul Hafizah , Mahmud Zamalia
Published: February 2018

In recent years, there has been increasing in number of research focusing on subjective well-being issues in many countries all over the world. Subjective well-being concerning with people happiness and overall life satisfaction towards their own day-to-day life experience. This systematic review is conducted to explore and highlight the determinants of subjective well-being on 33 articles obtained from academic search engines and online databases which are Google Scholar, ScienceDirect and Scopus within a period from September 2017 until January 2018. From the review, it was found that beside personality factors, health and religion, the socio-economic attributes such as income, financial and employment status are the most focusing determinants of subjective well-being among the society.
HIV Knowledge, Attitude, and Perception Among University Students
Authors: Said Norimah , Ab Hamid Mohd Ramadan
Published: February 2018

Young people aged between 13 to 29 were contributed to the total of 34% of the cumulative infection Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) in Malaysia. The purpose of this study is to determine the level of knowledge, attitude, and perception among students in the University. Research design is cross-sectional. Questionnaire were distributed to 372 respondents. Therefore, 52.4 percent students had a good knowledge. There was positive weak correlation between KA (r =0.23) and KP (r=0.19) with significance (p<0.05). Conclusion, increase in the level of knowledge were contribute to the positive attitude and perception also reduce the stigma and discrimination toward people living with HIV/AIDS.
Internationalisation of Hospitals in the Wake of Green Agenda: How much more to be done?
Authors: Abdullah Nuraisyah Chua , Rosnan Herwina , Yusof Norzayana
Published: February 2018

Despite striving to save the society from environmentally-related diseases, hospitals contribute to adverse environmental impacts. Green hospitals encourage public health through continuous reduction of its impact on the environment and the consequent burden of diseases. The concept strongly associates human health and the environment through green hospitals operations, governance and strategy. This paper examines the green environment policy and practice in the Malaysian medical hospital framework in comparison with selected countries and provides suggestions for the betterment of the green agenda and practices to improve the hospitals’ internationalisation performance, hence uplifting the quality of life of affected parties.
Guidelines for Antarctic Tourism: An Evaluation
Authors: Abdullah Nuraisyah Chua , Mohd Shah Rohani
Published: February 2018

Since Antarctic tourism has special features because of its peculiar characteristics, tourism activities need to be controlled. By using the qualitative method, this paper argues that although there are guidelines related to Antarctic Tourism, there are an increasing number of consultative parties who question whether the Antarctic environment can be adequately protected through these guidelines. The paper reveals the reasons underlying the poor governance of the guidelines and in view of the argument that Antarctic tourism regulation is still largely piecemeal, therefore, this paper concludes with suggestions to overcome the problem in order to ensure the sustainability of Antarctic tourism
Sociodemographic, Attitudinal, and Behavioral Correlates of Using Nutrition, Weight Loss, and Fitness Websites: An Online Survey (Preprint)
Authors: Almenara Carlos A , Machackova Hana , Smahel David
Published: February 2018

BACKGROUND

Nutrition, diet, and fitness are among the most searched health topics by internet users. Besides that, health-related internet users are diverse in their motivations and individual characteristics. However, little is known about the individual characteristics associated with the usage of nutrition, weight loss, and fitness websites.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study was to examine the individual factors associated with the usage of nutrition, weight loss, and fitness websites.

METHODS

An invitation to an online survey was published on 65 websites and discussion forums. In total, we employed data from 623 participants (aged 13 to 39 years, mean 24.11 [SD 5.26]). The measures included frequency of usage of nutrition, weight loss and fitness websites, excessive exercise, eating disorder symptomatology, internalization of the beauty ideal, weight status, and perceived online social support. Participants’ data were used as predictors in a base linear regression model.

RESULTS

The final model had an acceptable fit (χ210 =14.1; P=.17; root mean square error of approximation=0.03; comparative fit index=0.99; Tucker-Lewis index=0.99). Positive associations were found between usage of (1) nutrition websites and being female, higher levels of excessive exercise, and perceived online social support; (2) weight loss websites and excessive exercise, internalization, being female, eating disorder symptomatology, and being overweight or obese; and (3) fitness websites and levels of excessive exercise, internalization, and frequency of internet use.

CONCLUSIONS

The results highlighted the importance of individual differences in the usage of health-related websites.
Nine years of comparative effectiveness research education and training: initiative supported by the PhRMA Foundation
Authors: Devine Emily Beth , Perfetto Eleanor , Pickard A Simon , Schumock Glen T , Segal Jodi B , Cannon Eileen , Gagnon Jean Paul , Brixner Diana I , Garrison Louis P , Murray Michael D
Published: February 2018

The term comparative effectiveness research (CER) took center stage with passage of the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (2009). The companion US$1.1 billion in funding prompted the launch of initiatives to train the scientific workforce capable of conducting and using CER. Passage of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (2010) focused these initiatives on patients, coining the term ‘patient-centered outcomes research’ (PCOR). Educational and training initiatives were soon launched. This report describes the initiative of the Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers Association of America (PhRMA) Foundation. Through provision of grant funding to six academic Centers of Excellence, to spearheading and sponsoring three national conferences, the PhRMA Foundation has made significant contributions to creation of the scientific workforce that conducts and uses CER/PCOR.
Increasing uptake of comparative effectiveness and patient-centered outcomes research among stakeholders: insights from conference discussion
Authors: Law Ernest , Harrington Rachel , Alexander G Caleb , Saha Soumi , Oehrlein Elisabeth , Perfetto Eleanor M
Published: February 2018

The goal of comparative effectiveness research (CER) and patient-centered outcomes research (PCOR) is to improve health outcomes by providing stakeholders with evidence directly relevant to decision making. In January 2017, the Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers Association Foundation, alongside the Academy for Managed Care Pharmacy, organized a conference aimed at engaging experts and opinion leaders representing clinicians, patients and payers to identify and discuss barriers and strategies to enhancing uptake and use of CER/PCOR. This report summarizes the conference discussion in the following sections: preconference survey; summary of barriers and strategies to the uptake of CER/PCOR identified by conference attendees; and future perspectives on the field.
Right to buy: A proposal to end the student loans crisis
Authors: Clarke Estelle
Published: February 2018

The UK student loans system is in crisis and the government plans to sell off student loans to corporate purchasers. Such loan sales disadvantage government, the taxpayer and student borrowers. The government should give student borrowers the ‘right to buy’ their own loans for the same price the government is prepared to sell those loans to corporate purchasers. If borrowers purchased their own loans, disadvantages of loan sales would transform into advantages. The ‘right to buy’ can fairly be extended to all borrowers, regardless of whether their loans are being sold; this is done by extending the ‘right to buy’ as a ‘right to reduce’ student loans. The ‘right to reduce’ also provides a solution to the problem of how to ‘deal with’ existing student debt. Because the ‘right to buy’ and the ‘right to reduce’ both follow government's pricing for loan sales, they should be universally acceptable; moreover, government, taxpayers and borrowers would be better off.
Monetary policy as economic warfare - Yannis Varoufakis, Adults in the Room: My Battle With Europe's Deep Establishment, London, Bodley Head, 2017, 550 pp., £14.99 (pbk), ISBN 978-1-847-92446-9
Authors: Hollanders David
Published: February 2018

At least since the publication of ‘Rules rather than discretion’ by Nobel Prize winners Kydland and Prescott (1977), an undisputed principle in monetary economics is that central bankers should be politically independent. Politicians have an electoral incentive to jack-up the money supply to finance programmes the electorate favours, ignoring the inflation this will result in. Monetary policy is therefore best separated from fiscal policy, leaving the latter to politicians, while entrusting the former to central bankers, whose sole calling is to ensure moderate inflation and financial stability by determining the conditions (i.e., interest rate and collateral) under which private banks can borrow from the central bank. Although central banks’ independence might be undemocratic, it is nonetheless in the long-run interest of the citizenry.
Breaking the symmetry of geminates in diachrony and synchrony
Authors: Russo Michela , Ulfsbjorninn Shanti
Published: February 2018

Autosegmentalism invariably represents geminates in a symmetrical one-to-many relationship — as feature bundles or root nodes attached to two structural units: x-slots, moras, or C-slots. This symmetry, however, is often not reflected in their diachronic origin. For instance, in Blevins’ (2008) Type 1 pathway, only the second C of a consonant cluster (CC) ever determines the geminate: CxCy > CyCy, *CxCx (e.g. Latin > Italian). Moreover, although most synchronic processes identify geminates as symmetrical, there is an exception: geminate integrity. Unlike CCs and long vowels (LVs), geminates never ‘break’ by epenthesis: *CyCy > CyVCy. We propose that this is central to understanding the true nature of geminates, and present analyses in two frameworks. The first is ‘control by contiguity’, which uses head-dependent ‘control chains’ (Russo 2013). A control relation applies between a specified and an unspecified position: -C. Inalterability and integrity result from the asymmetry of the geminate’s positions. The second is based on Strict CV. This restricts a geminate’s melody to one of its two skeletal positions. Unlike CC and LVs, geminates do not involve a ‘trapped’ empty V position that could host epenthesis and cause breaking; the difference between LVs and geminates follows from framework-internal forces and suggests that melodic branching always requires licensing. These two approaches share the insight that the representation of geminates is not symmetrical, like that of long vowels.
Concussion in Rugby Union and the Role of Biomechanics
Authors: Tierney Gregory J , Simms Ciaran K
Published: February 2018

Due to the physical and high-impact nature of rugby, head impacts can occur within the game which can result in concussion injuries as well as other moderate-to-severe head injuries 1. Concussion has been defined as “a complex pathophysiological process affecting the brain, induced by traumatic biomechanical forces”1 and was found to be one of the more common brain injuries throughout the world.2 This is particularly true in sport; it has been estimated that over half of all concussions are sports related.3 A systematic review of the incidence of concussion in contact sports found that rugby union has a higher incidence rate compared with other sports such as American football and soccer.4

Unlike other sports injuries, detecting a concussion is difficult as the neuropathological changes cannot be recognized on standard neuroimaging technology.5,6 \Therefore, if a player is suspected of having a concussion, they are removed from play for a Head Injury Assessment (HIA). The HIA is a standardized tool for the medical assessment of concussion injuries in rugby and aims to improve detection and patient education.7 The HIA assesses a range of degenerative concussive symptoms including memory, cognitive ability, balance and player discomfort. This concussion diagnosis protocol therefore relies heavily on side-line medical staff to identify if a player is exhibiting concussive symptoms. A major disadvantage to this is that concussion has a variable natural history, with transient, fluctuating, delayed and evolving signs or symptoms.8) This means that symptoms can take up to 48 hours to become apparent.8 It has therefore been acknowledged that the content of the HIA will be modified as the research around concussion diagnosis evolves.8

The reliance on side-line medical staff to accurately identify concussive symptoms means that there is a possibility a concussed player may remain on the field; this is one problem that biomechanical research into concussion is trying to overcome.  This study will give an overview of concussion in rugby union with a focus on incidence, severity and protection strategies. It will discuss current biomechanical research and further biomechanical research required in the area of concussion injuries in rugby union.
STUDI POLA PENGEMBANGAN WEB DINAMIS DENGAN ARSITEKTUR MVC: IMPLEMENTASI PADA JAVASERVER FACES (JSF)
Authors: Komara Hendra
Published: February 2018

Perangkat lunak berbasis web dinamis (PLBWD) melakukan pengubahan informasi melalui pengubahan data, bukan melalui pengubahan kode program. Teknologi pengembang PLBWD terus merilis dan memutakirkan kakas pengembang PLBWD dengan keunggulan masing-masing. Dari sisi arsitektur, desaian MVC menawarkan PLBWD yang memisahkan tanggung jawab dari tiap lapisan aplikasi dan kegunaulangan. Banyaknya platform untuk mengembangkan PLBWD, melahirkan kompleksitas dan biaya besar pada peringkat teknis. Para pemrogram memerlukan usaha besar untuk mengenali dan memahami teknologi, arsitektur, teknik, perilaku, lingkungan dari tiap platform. Pada penelitian ini dikembangkan pola umum PLBWD untuk meredam kompleksitas dari detail tiap platform, sehingga dapat meningkatkan produktivitas pemrogram. Teknik analisis pola PLBWD pada tiap platform dilakukan dengan cara eksperimen pada beragam aplikasi yang sudah jadi. Hasil analisis direkam, dievaluasi secara iteratif, sehingga pola PLBWD akan terus berevolusi. Pada penelitian ini teknologi dari masing-masing platform yang diteliti : Java EE : JSF; .NET : .NET Framework; PHP : YII. Untuk menguji pola PLBWD, dikembangkan sebuah kakas generator. Kakas tersebut dapat membangkitkan kode program dengan mengimplementasikan pola PLBWD yang sudah dibuat. Pada penelitian ini, implementasi hanya dilakukan pada platform Java EE dengan mengunakan teknologi JSF.
The new multimodal railway and buses station in Łódź
Authors: Pomykała Agata , Raczyński Jan
Published: February 2018

The new history of a new Łódź multimodal station, its functions and surroundings has few milestones – in 2007 (concept), the feasibility study (2011) and the technical documentation (2013), than implementation stages (2012-2016). Designed using the best foreign experience in the field of multimodal railway and buses hubs. Its multifunctionality facilitates interchanges between different means of transport, contributing to the time reduction in the door-to-door journey. At the same time, the building an underground station enabled freeing a significant space for urban functions which was up till now an example of a deurbanized part of the city center.
Third generation of MAN Lion's Coach and the new Neoplan Tourliner
Authors: Rusak Zbigniew
Published: February 2018

Undoubtedly a new generation of the tourist bus MAN  Lion's Coach was one of the most important premieres of this year's Busworld Europe fair. The preview show of this vehicle took place in Warsaw and in Starachowice in July this year. In turn the "twin" Neoplan Tourliner had its premiere during the last year's IAA fair in Hanover. It should be underlined, that stylistic and structural changes which have been implemented in both models of buses in past 20 years, just like in the case of their main competitor – Mercedes-Benz Tourismo, fully reflect trends which occurred on the long-distance transport market not only in countries of Central and Eastern Europe, but in entire Europe. In the present article technical and exploitation solutions in new MAN and Neoplan buses were expressed.
Characteristic of micro injection molding process. Standard injection molding, material selection, micro injection molding machines
Authors: Janowski Grzegorz
Published: February 2018

The growing needs for miniaturization of plastic parts motivates to the development of micro injection molding technology. Characteristic features of this process such as: low manufacturing costs, short process duration, the ability to produce details of various dimensions and a wide range of plastic properties allow to mass dissemination of this technology. Research on micro injection molding develops in a very fast time, which gives high hopes for a successful overcoming of the real limitations of this technology. This gives a great perspective on the development of the possibility of using micro injection parts e.g. in the automotive industry, including the bus production process. This paper presents the conventional injection molding process – i.e. the process essence, the injection molding cycle and the construction of a conventional screw-type injection molding machine. The next part of this article focuses on the characteristics of micro injection molding technology. The essence of material selection and micro-part characteristics for the process were presented. Furthermore, injection molding machines for this process were characterized.
Novedades para la brioflora de la Sierra de Gredos (Sistema Central, España), con especial énfasis en la comunidad de Extremadura.
Authors: Luceño Garcés Modesto , Márquez-Corro José Ignacio , Guerra-Cárdenas Samuel , Sánchez-Villegas Rogelio , Jurado-Castillo Ismael , Rodríguez-Velasco Eva , Rodríguez-Escobar Juan Carlos , Sánchez-Villegas Manuel , Cerrejón Carlos , Estévez-Rodríguez Fernando , Muñoz Jesús
Published: February 2018

En este artículo se presentan numerosas novedades corológicas de interés, basadas en las colectas llevadas a cabo durante los años 2016 y 2017 en los pisos oro y crioromediteráneo de la sierra de Gredos, zonas que habían sido escasamente colectadas. Entre los resultados destacamos el hallazgo de Douinia ovata, desconocida de la región mediterránea española, y de Sciuro-hypnum reflexum y Tortula hoppeana, nuevos para el Sistema Central en su conjunto. Destacamos también 4 hepáticas y 24 musgos nuevos para la Comunidad Autónoma de Extremadura, así como otras no conocidas para la sierra de Gredos o las provincias de Ávila o Salamanca. Por último, se incluyen citas de nuevas poblaciones de briófitos muy raros en Gredos o el Sistema Central en su conjunto
Hypothesized, Directly-Coded Curve Shapes in Growth Curve Analysis: An Example
Authors: Herman Patricia M. , Sechrest Lee
Published: February 2018

Growth curve analysis provides important informational benefits regarding intervention outcomes over time. Rarely, however, should outcome trajectories be assumed to be linear. Instead, both the shape and the slope of the growth curve can be estimated. Non-linear growth curves are usually modeled by including either higher-order time variables or orthogonal polynomial contrast codes. Each has limitations (multicollinearity with the first, a lack of coefficient interpretability with the second, and a loss of degrees of freedom with both) and neither encourages direct testing of alternative hypothesized curve shapes. Especially in studies with relatively small samples it is likely to be useful to preserve as much information as possible at the individual level. This article presents a step-by-step example of the use and testing of hypothesized curve shapes in the estimation of growth curves using hierarchical linear modeling for a small intervention study. DOI:10.2458/azu_jmmss_v3i2_herman
Time required to achieve maximum concentration of amikacin in synovial fluid of the distal interphalangeal joint after intravenous regional limb perfusion in horses
Authors: Kilcoyne Isabelle , Nieto Jorge E. , Knych Heather K. , Dechant Julie E.
Published: February 2018

OBJECTIVE To determine the maximum concentration (Cmax) of amikacin and time to Cmax (Tmax) in the distal interphalangeal (DIP) joint in horses after IV regional limb perfusion (IVRLP) by use of the cephalic vein.

ANIMALS 9 adult horses.

PROCEDURES Horses were sedated and restrained in a standing position and then subjected to IVRLP (2 g of amikacin sulfate diluted to 60 mL with saline [0.9% NaCl] solution) by use of the cephalic vein. A pneumatic tourniquet was placed 10 cm proximal to the accessory carpal bone. Perfusate was instilled with a peristaltic pump over a 3-minute period. Synovial fluid was collected from the DIP joint 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30 minutes after IVRLP; the tourniquet was removed after the 20-minute sample was collected. Blood samples were collected from the jugular vein 5, 10, 15, 19, 21, 25, and 30 minutes after IVRLP. Amikacin was quantified with a fluorescence polarization immunoassay. Median Cmax of amikacin and Tmax in the DIP joint were determined.

RESULTS 2 horses were excluded because an insufficient volume of synovial fluid was collected. Median Cmax for the DIP joint was 600 μg/mL (range, 37 to 2,420 μg/mL). Median Tmax for the DIP joint was 15 minutes.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Tmax of amikacin was 15 minutes after IVRLP in horses and Cmax did not increase > 15 minutes after IVRLP despite maintenance of the tourniquet. Application of a tourniquet for 15 minutes should be sufficient for completion of IVRLP when attempting to achieve an adequate concentration of amikacin in the synovial fluid of the DIP joint.
Histologic investigation of airway inflammation in postmortem lung samples from racehorses
Authors: ter Woort Fe , Caswell Jeff L. , Arroyo Luis G. , Viel Laurent
Published: February 2018

OBJECTIVE To describe histologic findings in the small airways during postmortem examination of actively racing horses and to quantify the degree of airway inflammation by use of a semiquantitative scoring system.

SAMPLE Lung tissues obtained from 95 horses (Thoroughbreds, Standardbreds, and Quarter Horses) that had been actively racing or training.

PROCEDURES 10 standardized lung sections were obtained during postmortem examination of 37 horses that had been actively racing or training, and 2 histologic sections of the caudodorsal lung lobes previously collected from each of 58 horses that died or were euthanized during racing or training were also obtained. Sections were evaluated by use of a validated histologic small airway scoring system.

RESULTS Scores for inflammatory cells, smooth muscle, and hemosiderin typically were high. Signalment and cause of death were not significant predictors of lung scores. Lung sample location was a significant predictor, with the highest scores in the caudal and dorsal sections. Inflammatory cell infiltration in peribronchiolar tissues, smooth muscle hyperplasia, and hemosiderin (prevalence of 86%, 98%, and 80%, respectively) were common findings in lungs of these horses, with the caudodorsal regions more severely affected. Correlation was moderate between smooth muscle hyperplasia and inflammatory cell infltration, with minimal correlation between hemosiderin and inflammatory cell infiltration.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Inflammatory airway disease has been identified by use of bronchoalveolar lavage in young athletic horses throughout the world. In the study reported here, pathological changes were detected in the wall of small airways of horses that were actively training or racing.