bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Study of stability of brown-gray inks on paper support
Authors: Reháková Milena , Čeppan Michal , Vizárová Katarína , Peller András , Stojkovičová Danica , Hricková Monika
Published: February 2015

Research into paper artworks and the identification of drawing techniques dating from the 15th to the 19th century from the collection of Slovak National Gallery revealed that the most frequently used means of writing was a set of brown-gray inks. This set includes bistre, sepia, and iron-gall inks (IGI). The light fastness of these organic compounds is not considered very high. Moreover, iron gall inks attack paper support by the processes commonly known as iron gall ink corrosion. In the experimental part of the research, the stability of three different brown-gray inks was studied. Model inks, i.e. bistre, sepia and IGI with two molar ratios Fe : gallic acid were prepared according to historical recipes. Whatman paper was used as a support material. Samples were submitted to accelerated aging in closed vessels at 100°C with and without the presence of NO2 in concentration of 100 ppm as well as to the light aging in a light chamber. Changes of mechanical, optical and chemical properties of the samples as well as spectra in the IR region were studied. The observed changes allowed an evaluation of the effect of particular inks on paper support and effect of various external factors of aging (temperature, light, pollutants) on the model systems. Simultaneous thermal analysis (DTA/TG) was carried out in order to study the thermo-oxidative stability of the materials. Sepia and bistre inks have been assessed as generally more stable than iron-gall inks.
The smog pollution in Handan - a mining and industrial city in China
Authors: Wang Jinxi , Niu Hongya , Ling Pei , Fan Jingsen , Luo Kunli , Blokhin Maxim , Sun Yuzhuang
Published: February 2015

Numerous smog events have occurred in recent years in China. Their hazards in mining and industrial cities are more serious than clear days. The samples were collected in the mining and industrial city of Handan. During the smog episode, PM10 and PM2.5 concentrations reach up to 980 μg/m3 and 660 μg/m3, respectively. Under SEM (scanning electron microscope) analysis, the particles consist of soot, fly ash and minerals, which could be from coal mines, power plants, steel mills and auto exhausts. Compared with the samples collected on a clear day, the increased PM10 particles are mainly composed of organic matter, especially aromatic compounds. The Pb content in PM10 of the smog day reaches 507.4 ng/m3 and could be caused by vehicle emissions.
Experimental Feasibility Study of Estimation of the Normalized Central Blood Pressure Waveform from Radial Photoplethysmogram
Authors: Zahedi Edmond , Sohani Vahid , Ali M. A. Mohd. , Chellappan Kalaivani , Beng Gan Kok
Published: February 2015

The feasibility of a novel system to reliably estimate the normalized central blood pressure (CBPN) from the radial photoplethysmogram (PPG) is investigated. Right‐wrist radial blood pressure and left‐wrist PPG were simultaneously recorded in five different days. An industry‐standard applanation tonometer was employed for recording radial blood pressure. The CBP waveform was amplitude‐normalized to determine CBPN. A total of fifteen second‐order autoregressive models with exogenous input were investigated using system identification techniques. Among these 15 models, the model producing the lowest coefficient of variation (CV) of the fitness during the five days was selected as the reference model. Results show that the proposed model is able to faithfully reproduce CBPN (mean fitness = 85.2% ± 2.5%) from the radial PPG for all 15 segments during the five recording days. The low CV value of 3.35% suggests a stable model valid for different recording days.
Monitoring of Infant Feeding Behavior Using a Jaw Motion Sensor
Authors: Farooq Muhammad , Chandler-Laney Paula C. , Hernandez-Reif Maria , Sazonov Edward
Published: February 2015

Rapid weight gain during infancy increases the risk of obesity. Given that infant feeding may contribute to rapid weight gain, it would be useful to develop objective tools which can monitor infant feeding behavior. This paper presents an objective method for examining infant sucking count during meals. A piezoelectric jaw motion sensor and a video camera were used to monitor jaw motions of 10 infants during a meal. Videotapes and sensor signals were annotated by two independent human raters, counting the number of sucks in each 10 second epoch. Annotated data were used as a gold standard for the development of the computer algorithms. The sensor signal was de‐noised and normalized prior to computing the per‐epoch sucking counts. A leave‐one‐out cross‐validation scheme resulted in a mean error rate of ‐9.7% and an average intra‐class correlation coefficient value of 0.86 between the human raters and the algorithm.
ESPECIALLY FOR ASSESSING THE CAPACITY OF THE ROAD IN THE COMPUTER-AIDED DESIGN
Authors: Афоничев  , Afonichev Dmitriy
Published: February 2015

Presented software for evaluation of CAD Highway Capacity. Analytical dependences for determining the capacity of the road and number of lanes in one direction, shows the procedure for solving the problem in CAD.
STATISTICAL METHODS IN PROBLEMS OF LEAK DETECTION GAS SUPPLY SYSTEMS
Authors: Сазонова  , Sazonova Svetlana , Сербулов  , Serbulov Yuriy , Акамсина  , Akamsina N.
Published: February 2015

The application of methods of mathematical statistics for a standalone implementation of the tasks of the static evaluation and diagnosis of leakage of gas supply systems with the exchange of information between them in the solution process. Proposed to use two alternative hypothesis to test the existence of the unit leaks between polling system according to manometric recording. Task-based mathematical models make up the flow distribution
Visual art curricula, art teacher goals, and instructional time: Findings from an international survey
Authors: Milbrandt Melody K. , Shin Ryan , Eça Teresa Torres de , Hsieh Kevin
Published: February 2015

This article highlights selected responses from participants in twelve nations to an international survey of art educators posted on the International Society for Education through Art (InSEA) website from January to April 2013. Several themes emerging from this study are: 1) a shift in curricular emphasis from the creation of artworks to the goal of engaging students in creative and critical thinking; 2) problem-solving and design viewed as distinct areas of focus within the art curriculum 3) educational policies shifting some responsibilities from the states to the national level as assessments that promote international comparisons gain influence 4) in curricular groupings of art disciplines, there may be greater opportunities for student growth and teacher collaboration but also questions of time and resources to address and 5) art educators in this study are influenced by standards but are also influenced by the priorities of the educational context in which they teach.
Book Reviews
Authors: Robinson Hilary , Gibson Robyn , Fleming Josephine , Wang Li Yan
Published: February 2015

Institutional Time: A Critique of Studio Art Education, Judy Chicago (2014) New York: The Monacelli Press, 256 pp., ISBN: 9781580933667, h/bk, US$40; ISBN: 9781580934114 (e-book), US$19.95

The Creative Turn: Towards a new Aesthetic Imaginary, Anne Harris (2014) Rotterdam, The Netherlands: Sense Publishers, 187 pp., ISBN: 9879462095496, p/bk, US$43.00; ISBN: 9789462095502, h/bk, US$99.00

Teaching Asian Art: Content, Context, And Pedagogy, Sheng Kuan Chung (ed.) (2012) Reston, VA: National Art Education Association, 246 pp., ISBN: 9781890160524, p/bk, US$46.00
Altered viewscapes: Raising awareness through creative practice in the urban cultural heritage of Istanbul
Authors: Alaca Ilgm Veryeri , Thys-Şenocak Lucienne
Published: February 2015

Once the capital of the Byzantines and the Ottomans, and now the commercial and cultural hub of Turkey, Istanbul is a city that struggles with the legacy of its past and the demands of the present. The Altered Viewscapes of Istanbul, an art project carried out by university undergraduates,  was developed to cultivate awareness of the urban cultural heritage of Istanbul. The project enabled students to evaluate their relationships to selected cultural heritage sites of the city and asked them to consider how this heritage could foster creative forms of civic participation. The students were asked to reflect on the aesthetic experience of viewing the historic peninsula of Istanbul and particularly, Eminönü, one of the city’s oldest districts. Students drew connections between the creative process and active spectatorship of the viewscape while considering how social, political and economic factors shape public space and the urban environment.

Bir zamanlar Bizans ve Osmanlilar’in başkenti, günümüzde ise Türkiye’nin ticaret ve kültür merkezi olan İstanbul, geçmişin mirasi ile günümüzün talepleri arasina sikişmiştir. İstanbul’un Değiştirilen Şehir Manzarasi, Şehrin kentsel kültürel mirasi üzerine farkindalik yaratmak adina geliştirilmiş, üniversite öğrencileri tarafindan gerçekleştirilmiş bir sanat projesidir. Proje vesilesi ile öğrenciler, Şehrin seçilmiş kültürel miras mekanlari ile olan ilişkilerini değerlendirmiş, sanatsal bir sivil katilim ile bu mirasin nasil korunabileceği irdelenmiştir. Öğrencilerden özellikle İstanbul’un tarihi yarimadasini ve Eminönü’nü, ki Şehrin en eski bölgesidir, izlemenin estetik deneyimi üzerine paylaşimda bulunmalari istenmiştir. Öğrenciler, kamusal mekanin ve kentsel çevrenin Şekillendirilmesinde, yaratici uygulamalar, manzaranin etkin biçimde gözlemlenmesi ve sivil farkindalik ile sosyal, politik ve ekonomik boyutlar arasinda bağlantilar kurmuşlardir.
Is retreat a metaphor?
Authors: Malabou Catherine
Published: February 2015

Lecture presented during the 2012 Banff Research in Culture research residency. Malabou takes head on the significance of the concept of 'retreat' and the theoretical operations it performs, by probing what retreat and withdrawal tell us about our ontological and epistemological condition. As she interrogates the metaphysics of retreat, we are reminded repeatedly of the significant of the physical and neurobiological in the philosophical, an area of research in which the author has played a critical framing role.
Foetus-art-terrorism: Deciphering genre, intertextuality and noise in J. G. Thirlwell’s early musical corpus (1981–1988)
Authors: Kassaveti Ursula-Helen
Published: February 2015

Postmodernism as a state of mind, as a state of art: the fall of the grand universal narratives, the conflation of high/academic and low/popular forms of art. The cultural sphere’s commodification explicitly changed the way in which we see, feel, listen or even speak after World War II. Postmodernism, which can be conceived either as a condition or a new theoretical paradigm, lacks all sense of historical continuity and memory. Initially, postmodernism challenges what is actually perceived as Modernism, signifying a process of conflicts between old and new cultural and economic ‘modes’, or the artistic neologisms of the 1950s and the 1960s, which adopted a critical attitude towards the commodities while trying to overcome them. Thus, facing the postmodern reality could be a constantly demanding interplay between the author and the reader, the composer and the listener, and finally, the nature of the production of the artistic texts and the work of art in the realm of late capitalism. Postmodernism appeared in many manifestations in art; particularly in music, it can be located in the rise of composers such as John Cage after World War II. This work underscores not only a reaction to Modernism in music, but also stands as a sign of liberation and progress against established musical forms. This tendency can be traced in the divergence of popular music and styles in the 1960s and the 1970s, as expected by the ‘effacement of some key boundaries or separations’, which instantly dissolves the former distinctions between mass culture and highly academic modes of expression. Notably, the end of the 1970s and the beginning of the 1980s marked a very interesting transgressive period: a stage for a constant battle between popular forms of artistic expression and their respective mature academic competitors. The purpose of this article is to examine and analyse in brief Australian composer J. G. Thirlwell’s early musical experiments from 1981 to 1988 within the context of postmodernism in popular music, his diversity in genres, sounds and techniques, and to present his contribution within the realm of experimental music. Furthermore, the article addresses aspects of musical innovation, examining originality in an era associated with experiments in the sonic field and intertextuality as a creative process.
Pop manifestos and nosebleed art rock: What have post-punk bands achieved?
Authors: Mankowski Guy
Published: February 2015

‘Post-punk’ has been defined in a variety of ways. Some commentators view it primarily as a reaction to punk, with distinct musical features. Others debate whether its organizing principle can even be found in a stylistic unity. Ryan Moore has described how punk responded to a ‘condition of postmodernity’. In his view, postmodernism represented an ‘exhaustion of totalizing metanarratives’. Within this context punk used bricolage to ‘turn signs and spectacles against themselves, as a means of waging war on society’. For the purposes of this piece post-punk is broadly considered a response to punk’s response to postmodernism. This article addresses how manifestos came to be used in various examples of post-punk music. It uses, as a starting point, Julia Downes’ description of musical manifestos in riot grrrl as a ‘key way to define … ideological, aesthetic and political goals’. A series of chronological case studies investigate the key components and aesthetics of the post-punk manifesto, which include the use of lists, itemization and direct second-person address. Given Simon Reynolds’ view that post-punk ‘tried to make politics and pop work together, but failed’, this article examines whether the goals of post-punk manifestos were at all achieved. Were manifestos in the main, promotional or self-motivating exercises? Do recent ‘post-punk’ manifestos, such as those by the band Savages, both acknowledge and move beyond the limitations of earlier models, to increasingly alter how people consume music?
On the ‘holistic’ nature of formulaic language
Authors: Siyanova-Chanturia Anna
Published: February 2015

Many applied and corpus linguists entertain the idea of collocations, and other types of formulaic language, being processed as
Structure, function, evolution and application of bacterial Pnu-type vitamin transporters
Authors: Jaehme Michael , Slotboom Dirk Jan
Published: February 2015

Many bacteria can take up vitamins from the environment via specific transport machineries. Uptake is essential for organisms that lack complete vitamin biosynthesis pathways, but even in the presence of biosynthesis routes uptake is likely preferred, because it is energetically less costly. Pnu transporters represent a class of membrane transporters for a diverse set of B-type vitamins. They were identified 30 years ago and catalyze transport by the mechanism of facilitated diffusion, without direct coupling to ATP hydrolysis or transport of coupling ions. Instead, directionality is achieved by metabolic trapping, in which the vitamin substrate is converted into a derivative that cannot be transported, for instance by phosphorylation. The recent crystal structure of the nicotinamide riboside transporter PnuC has provided the first insights in substrate recognition and selectivity. Here, we will summarize the current knowledge about the function, structure and evolution of Pnu transporters. Additionally, we will highlight their role for potential biotechnological and pharmaceutical applications.
Surface plasmon coupled emission as a novel analytical platform for the sensitive detection of cysteine
Authors: Mulpur Pradyumna , Kurdekar Aditya , Podila Ramakrishna , Rao Apparao M. , Kamisetti Venkataramaniah
Published: February 2015

Thiolated amino acids are biologically important molecules due to their role in protein folding and structure. One such molecule is cysteine (Cys) which acts as a biomarker for diseases like Cancer, HIV, Sepsis, etc. making its rapid detection imperative and essential. In this study, we report the sensitive detection of the thiolated amino acid Cys, from the non-thiolated amino acid arginine (Arg), using the novel Surface Plasmon Coupled Emission (SPCE) platform, characterized with high signal to noise ratios. Our studies were performed on the conventional silver (Ag) SPCE substrate, where Cys was detected to a nanomolar level which is a major improvement to the previously reported level of sensitivity. This can be attributed to the highly sensitive SPCE platform and the unique thiol-Ag interactions associated specifically with Cys. We have also shown the role and influence of the coating process on sensitivity of detection, and substantiated the advantages of SPCE over the SPR based strategy of detection. The simplistic and economical SPCE platform enabled the sensitive detection of Cys that is of biological and medical relevance.
Employing Emotion Cues to Verify Speakers in Emotional Talking Environments
Authors: Shahin Ismail
Published: February 2015

Usually, people talk neutrally in environments where there are no abnormal talking conditions such as stress and emotion. Other emotional conditions that might affect people’s talking tone include happiness, anger, and sadness. Such emotions are directly affected by the patient’s health status. In neutral talking environments, speakers can be easily verified; however, in emotional talking environments, speakers cannot be easily verified as in neutral talking ones. Consequently, speaker verification systems do not perform well in emotional talking environments as they do in neutral talking environments. In this work, a two-stage approach has been employed and evaluated to improve speaker verification performance in emotional talking environments. This approach employs speaker’s emotion cues (text-independent and emotion-dependent speaker verification problem) based on both hidden Markov models (HMMs) and suprasegmental HMMs as classifiers. The approach is composed of two cascaded stages that combine and integrate an emotion recognizer and a speaker recognizer into one recognizer. The architecture has been tested on two different and separate emotional speech databases: our collected database and the Emotional Prosody Speech and Transcripts database. The results of this work show that the proposed approach gives promising results with a significant improvement over previous studies and other approaches such as emotion-independent speaker verification approach and emotion-dependent speaker verification approach based completely on HMMs.
Building an NCAA men’s basketball predictive model and quantifying its success
Authors: Lopez Michael J. , Matthews Gregory J.
Published: February 2015

Computing and machine learning advancements have led to the creation of many cutting-edge predictive algorithms, some of which have been demonstrated to provide more accurate forecasts than traditional statistical tools. In this manuscript, we provide evidence that the combination of modest statistical methods with informative data can meet or exceed the accuracy of more complex models when it comes to predicting the NCAA men’s basketball tournament. First, we describe a prediction model that merges the point spreads set by Las Vegas sportsbooks with possession based team efficiency metrics by using logistic regressions. The set of probabilities generated from this model most accurately predicted the 2014 tournament, relative to approximately 400 competing submissions, as judged by the log loss function. Next, we attempt to quantify the degree to which luck played a role in the success of this model by simulating tournament outcomes under different sets of true underlying game probabilities. We estimate that under the most optimistic of game probability scenarios, our entry had roughly a 12% chance of outscoring all competing submissions and just less than a 50% chance of finishing with one of the ten best scores.
Propagation of X-Ray Wavefield Beams in a Slightly Deformed Crystal
Authors: Bonse U. , Graeff W.
Published: February 2015

Bragg case wavefield beams are generated with MoKα radiation in a uniformly bent silicon crystal. The propagation of the wavefield beams is investigated by measuring their exit locations and intensities. Very good agreement is found with locations and intensities calculated from the Bragg case beam propagation theory formulated by one of the authors 1a some time ago. Both low and high absorption wavefields were investigated.
Normale und anomale Absorption von Röntgen-Strahlen in Germanium und Silicium/Normal and anomalous absorption of X-rays in Germanium and Silicon
Authors: Hildebrandt G. , Stephenson J. D. , Wagenfeld H.
Published: February 2015

A brief discussion of G. Molière's generalized dynamical theory is given with respect to the interpretation of the experimental data|χ⊥
ig/χi0 |obtained by means of the Borrmann effect.

In order to compare theory and experiment photoelectric absorption cross sections for Silicon and Germanium have been calculated over the X-ray energy range from 5 to 25 keV. Linear absorption coefficients measured by us and other authors agree with theory within a few per cent.

Taking the Debye-Waller factor into account, the same theoretical data have been used to calculate |χ⊥
ig/χi0 | for Ge and Si. The agreement with extensive measurements of the Borrmann effect in Ge is very good in most cases. The experiments presented in this paper confirm the existence of the electric quadrupole transitions within the photoelectric effect.
Untersuchungen zum Übergang vom dynamischen zum kinematischen Reflexionsvermögen/Investigations on the Transition from Dynamical to Kinematical Reflection Power
Authors: Kies J. , Köhler R. , Möhling W. , Peibst H.
Published: February 2015

The diffraction behaviour of vibrating Cd S crystals was studied by theory and experiment. Vibrations were generated by the acoustoelectric effect. Their amplitudes reached up to 0.15 nm and their wave vectors were of the order of 5·106 m-1. Theoretical analysis of experimental results shows that a single reflection of an ideal crystal transforms into a series of satellite reflections. The intensity of the nth satellite is given by the usual equations1 replacing χh by χhJn (- hu) (Jn is the Bessel function of nth order, h a lattice vector, u the vibration amplitude, and χh the coefficient of the susceptibiliy expansion). With increasing vibration amplitude the number of satellites increases and the over all intensity approaches asymptotically the kinematical value.
Use of Asymmetric Dynamical Diffraction of X-rays for Multiple-Crystal Arrangements of the (n1, +n2)Setting
Authors: Nakayama Kan , Hashizume Hiroo , Miyoshi Akio , Kikuta Seishi , Köhra Kazutake
Published: February 2015

Asymmetric dynamical diffractions of X-rays are successively used for multiple crystals arranged in the (n1 , +n2) setting. Double successive asymetric diffractions of the (n1 , +n2) arrangement give a beam of peculiar spread in angle and wavelength. Triple successive asymmetric diffractions of the (n, + n, - n) arrangement give a highly parallel and monochromatic beam for some appropriate combination of the asymmetry factors of the three crystals. Possible use of multiple asymmetric diffractions is discussed.
Molecular Packing of the Crystal, N-methyl acetamide/Dedicated to Prof. Dr. G. Borrmann on the occasion of his 65th birthday
Authors: Ramachandran G. N. , Sarathy K. P. , Kolaskar A. S.
Published: February 2015

The molecular packing of the crystal N-methyl acetamide has been studied, taking into account van der Waals and electrostatic interactions, together with the hydrogen bonds between the molecules. Contact criteria were used to obtain the molecular position in the unit cell approximately, which was then refined using the potential energy functions. This involved three position parameters, consisting of two translations and one rotation of the molecule in the a - c plane. The calculated values of these parameters are in reasonable agreement with the observed values in the crystal structure, particularly if hydrogen atoms are included in making the energy calculations.
Neutron Pendellösung Fringe Structure in the Laue Diffraction by Germanium
Authors: Shull C. G. , Shaw W. M.
Published: February 2015

The Pendellösung fringe structure within the Bragg reflection from perfect crystals of germanium has been studied over a wide interference range using full-spectrum incident neutron radiation. After allowing for the effects of residual crystal curvature, the experimental data yield a precision determination of the crystal structure amplitude. The coherent nuclear scattering amplitude for germanium is determined to be 0.81858 (36) x 10-12 cm.
Electron and Positron Density Distribution of Bloch Waves
Authors: Lehmpfuhl G.
Published: February 2015

The charge density distribution in the strongest Bloch waves for a dynamical many-beam diffraction situation was calculated for electrons and positrons. Near the [110] zone axis of MgO there exist three strong Bloch waves for electrons. One Bloch wave is concentrated at the rows of Mg-atoms, a second at the rows of O-atoms and a third one between the atoms. The positron Bloch waves are mainly concentrated between the atom rows and have only small charge density at the positions of the atoms. For an incident beam parallel to the [110] axis there exists only one strong positron Bloch wave while for electrons more than three Bloch waves are strong, explaining the channeling behaviour of positrons and electrons. Strong partial waves of different electron Bloch waves can be identified in the diffraction pattern from a MgO crystal wedge.
An Exact 2-Point Distribution for Burger'sTurbulence
Authors: Gräff P. , Tasso H. , Steuerwald J.
Published: February 2015

An exact possible turbulence for Burger's equation is found. It allows the 2-point distribution function to be calculated in closed form
Quantum States with Maximum Information Entropy. I.
Authors: Bayer W. , Ochs W.
Published: February 2015

In the frame of the information theory approach to quantum statistics, we examine the conditions which a given information “Tr(WA) =m” must satisfy in order to determine a unique quantum state with maximum information entropy.
Zum Rotations-Zeeman-Effekt in Molekülen mit annähernd frei drehbaren Methylgruppen/ Rotational Zeeman Effect of Molecules with Low Methyl Barriers. I. Nitromethane
Authors: Engelbrecht L. , Sutter D. , Dreizier H.
Published: February 2015

The rotational Zeeman effect of CH3 -NO2, a molecule with a very low barrier to internal rotation has been studied at field strengths up to 25 kG. From the Zeeman splittings of rotational transitions in excited torsional states the “g-value of the methyl-group” was determined to be ga= +0.347 ± 0.002. This comparatively high value indicates that in nitromethane valence electrons are shifted from the C - H-bond region towards the NO2-group, an explanation which is backed by the results of CNDO/2 and INDO-calculations.
Scattering of Ions
Authors: Weise Hans-Peter , Mittmann Hans-Ulrich
Published: February 2015

Differential cross-sections for the elastic scattering of He+ on Ne, Ar, Kr, and Xe were measured at different energies. At energies between 3 eV and several 100 eV, Stueckelberg oscillations could be observed. Between 1 eV and 8 eV rainbow structures were detected, but the rapid oscillations could not be resolved. The measured differential cross-sections were compared with calculated curves. The angular positions of the primary rainbows indicated a very weak interaction in the order of the polarisation energy between the He+-ion and the noble gases. Thus a 12 - 4 potential was used for the calculations since the attractive part of this potential describes the ion induced dipole potential. The depth of the potential well was obtained as < 0.05 eV for He+ -Ne, 0.19 eV for He+ -Ar, 0.22 eV for He+-Kr and 0.28 eV for He+ - Xe. A method is described which allows for correction of the nominal energy of the primary ion beam for contact potentials.
Microwave Spectrum and Quadrupole Coupling Constants of 2-Chlorothiophene
Authors: Mjöberg J. , Ljunggren S.
Published: February 2015

The microwave spectra of the two chlorine isotopic species of 2-chlorothiophene have been measured in the region 26 500 - 40 000 MHz.

For both isotopic species, the rotational constants of the ground state and one vibrationally excited state were determined, as well as the centrifugal distortion coefficients of the ground state.

From the hyperfine splitting of the rotational lines, the nuclear quadrupole coupling constants were calculated. The values in MHz are for 35Cl:

and for 37Cl: χaa= -74.77 ±0.05, χbb=37.51 ± 0.17, χcc=37.25 ± 0.18

χaa= -58.98 ±0.09, χbb=29.55 ± 0.26, χcc=29.43 ± 0.28

in the principal-axes system of the molecule.
Zur Analyse der Rotationsspektren in torsionsangeregten Zuständen von Molekülen mit zwei Methylgruppen/A Contribution to the Analysis of Rotational Spectra in Torsional Excited States of Molecules with two Methyl Tops
Authors: Trinkaus A. , Dreizier H. , Rudolph H. D.
Published: February 2015

An analysis of the rotational spectra in torsional excited states is given for propane, dimethylsilane and dimethylsulfide. The analysis is based on the Hamiltonian for the quasi-rigid model. The potential barrier V3 and one additional potential coefficient V′12 were determined. The splitting within the multipletts could be reproduced, but not the spacing between them.
Messungen der Barkhausen-Spektren von Fe-Proben/Measurements of Barkhausen spectra from Fe samples
Authors: Deimel P. , Hese R. , Daniel H.
Published: February 2015

The Barkhausen spectra, i. e. the pulse height distribution of pulses induced in a coil by spontaneous magnetization changes, have been measured for two Fe samples. Particular emphasis was given to the effect of the instrumental time constant compared to the Barkhausen time constant and to a low instrumental cut-off (3.5 x 10-8 magnetic cgs units). No maximum was found in the Barkhausen spectra.
Die Molekülstruktur des Hexamethyl-tetracarbahexaborans(6)/The Molecular Structure of Hexamethyl-tetracarbahexaborane(6)
Authors: Haase Joachim
Published: February 2015

The Structure of Hexamethyl-tetracarbahexaborane(6) has been investigated by gas electron diffraction. The resulting structure parameters are given.
Notizen: Die Fluoreszenzlöschung von p-bis-2-5-phenyloxazolyl- Benzol (POPOP) durch Nitrobenzol/Fluorescence quenching of POPOP by Nitrobenzene
Authors: Albat V. , Schmillen A.
Published: February 2015

Quenching of POPOP fiuorecsence by nitrobenzene follows a diffusion controlled dynamic mechanisme. The characteristic halve value concentration is linearly depending on the viscosity of the used benzene-paraffinoil mixtures. Inclination and axis intersection of this linear correlation give information on the effective quenching radius (a ≈ 17.4 x 10-8 cm) and on the quenching probability per collision (γ≈ 0.7).
Light Scattering from Fluctuations in an Optically Active Fluid
Authors: Li Kin-Wah , Dahler John S.
Published: February 2015

The theory of light scattering by fluctuations has been extended to optically active fluids. The new feature is the "gyration parameter", a second rank asymmetric tensor, the fluctuations of which must be counted along with the familiar isotropic (scalar) and anisotropic (traceless and symmetric) fluctuations of the electric permeability tensor. Scattering equations are derived and solved in order to obtain the spectrum of scattered light. It is found that the angular dependence of scattering caused by fluctuations of permeability alone does not involve the propagation vectors of the incident or scattered fields whereas that which involves fluctuations of the gyration parameter depends explicitly upon these two vectors. This gyration tensor also has distinguishable effects upon the depolarization, ellipticity, and rotation or tilt of the scattered quasi-monochromatic light. The total intensity is resolved into a sum of five distinct contributions, each associated with different irreducible components of the gyration and permeability tensors and each with a different dependence upon the scattering angle and polarizations of the incident and scattered light. Experiments are suggested which emphasize effects originating from the optical activity of the scattering medium.
Quantum Mechanical Calculation of the Magnitude of the Senftleben-Beenakker Effect of the Heat Conductivity for p-H2 at Room Temperature
Authors: Köhler W. E.
Published: February 2015

The magnetic Senftleben-Beenakker effect of the heat conductivity is considered for a gas of p-H2 molecules. The magnitude of the saturation value is expressed in terms of collision integrals of the linearized Waldmann-Snider collision term. The collision integrals are, in turn, connected with molecular cross sections describing the production of a tensor polarization of the molecular rotational angular momenta. These orientation cross sections depend essentially on the nonspherical part of the intermolecular potential. For small nonsphericity of the interaction, valid in the case of H2, it is sufficient to take into account only energetically elastic collisions For a simple potential model (nearly spherical rigid ellipsoids of revolution) the scattering amplitude is analytically evaluated in first order DWBA. The relevant collision integral which describes the coupling between the rotational heat flux and the Kagan polarization is calculated for room temperature. The comparison with the experimental value shows a good agreement.
Selbstdiffusion in geschmolzenem LiCl / Self-Diffussion in Molten LiCl
Authors: Lenke R. , Uebelhack W. , Klemm A.
Published: February 2015

Self-diffusion measurements on molten LiCl in the temperature range 610 °C ≦ ϑ ≦ 760 °C, obtained with a capillary-reservoir technique, result in the expressions

D+ = [10.6 + 0.0307 ϑ - 610) ±0.81 × 10-5cm2/s,

D_ = [ 5.8 + 0.0117 ϑ - 610) ±0.3] × 10-5cm2/s.

These results fit well into the pattern of the other alkali halides. As with these, it is observed that (D + /R T) + (D_/R T) - (Λ/F2) >0, the difference increasing with rising temperature.
Electronegativity and Electron Affinity
Authors: Hooydonk G. Van
Published: February 2015

Various consequences of the supposition that the value of the resonance integral βAB depends on the nature of the bond are evaluated within the framework of the simple Hückel method. The resulting equation for βAB in function of the polarity 1 of the AB bond is:

βAB =(1-I2)-½ [C+(½) ∫ (αA-αB)dI]

where αX is the Coulomb integral. A solution is proposed corresponding with βAB = βAA ·βBB)½. Further elaboration then suggests that the simple Hückel method in this form is in favour of the ionic approximation to chemical bonding. The Coulomb integral turns out to be the electron affinity, which must now be considered as the electronegativity of elements when forming chemical bonds.
The Mechanism and Quantitative Description of the Photoconductivity and Photo-EPR in Beta-rhombohedral Boron Single Crystals at 77 K
Authors: Geist D.
Published: February 2015

The inhomogeneous excitation resulting from strong absorption of the incident light as well as the low carrier mobility resulting in nearly negligible diffusion is taken into account in converting the directly measured conductance and number of spins into a time- and intensity of illuminationdependence of the concentrations of localized states and carriers. Then a model as simple as possible is searched out which will be able to explain simultaneously the behaviour of the conductivity and density of carriers and spin carrying centres. The resulting four coupled nonlinear differential equations have been solved analytically and numerically. Within the accuracy of the measurements, the observations can be reproduced.
Ansiotropy of the Diffusion Coefficient in Nematic Liquid Solutions Measured by NMR Techniques
Authors: Krüger G. J. , Spiesecke H.
Published: February 2015

A gradient coil has been constructed for exact relative measurements of the longitudinal (Dʟ) and transverse (Dᴛ) diffusion coefficients of nematic liquid crystals and of small molecules dissolved therein.

Some small molecules dissolved in the nematic phase of Licristal IV showed a Dʟ/Dᴛ ratio varying from about 1.1 to 1.25, depending on the concentration. In contrast, tetramethylsilane dis­solved in p-methoxy-benzylidene-p'-n-butyl-aniline showed no anisotropy in the nematic phase.
die Streuung von Rontgen-Strahlen an Kristallen mit statistisch verteilten Defekten / On the Scattering of X-rays from Crystals Containing a Random Distribution of Defects
Authors: Trinkaus Helmut
Published: February 2015

The static correlation function governing elastic scattering of X-rays or neutrons by a defective crystal is discussed for three degrees of imperfections, that is for slight, severe, and medium distortions of the scattering crystal. In the exponent of this correlation function the main term, which is linear in the defect concentration, is shown to be fairly independent of the particular type of statistics describing the random distribution of the defects.

One condition for a successful analysis of defect structures using diffuse scattering data is that the scattering function can be split into the individual contributions of all single defects. For two regions, that is for the immediate vicinity of Bragg reflections (Huang scattering) and for the asymptotic regions of distortion scattering, this "single-defect approximation" is shown to be useful even for higher concentrations. In this case the correlations due to a single defect have to be corrected by a factor which takes into account the average correlation reduction by all other defects (static Debye-Waller factor in the Huang regions and a similar but variable factor in the asymptotic regions).

The formulas given in this paper are applied to the sacttering by isotropic crystals containing point defects of spherical symmetry.
Partial Structure Factors of Liquid Na—K and AI—Mg Alloys
Authors: Waseda Y. , Ohtani M. , Suzuki K.
Published: February 2015

Three partial structure factors Sij(Q) have been evaluated from the scattered X-ray intensities of liquid Na -K and Al - Mg alloys assuming that the Sij(Q) are independent of the relative abundance of the respective elements in the alloys. The functions Sii(Q) and Sjj(Q) and the reduced radial distribution functions Gii(r) and Gjj(r) obtained in this work are very similar to those observed in the respective pure liquid metals. In both cases, Sij(Q) and Gij(r) have maxima which lie in between those of the pure elements. From these results, liquid Na -K and Al -Mg alloys are interpreted as random mixing fluids.

A comparison between the partial structure factors obtained in this work and those calculated from the hard sphere model was made. Adequate agreement was obtained on the low angle side of the first peak, but agreement on the whole pattern is not necessarily found. The electrical resistivity was calculated using Faber-Ziman’s theory and compared with experimental data.
Elektrokatalyse der Sauerstoffkathode durch Metall-Phthalocyanine und -Dibenzotetraazaannulene / Electrocatalysis of Oxygencathode by Metal-Phthalocyanine and -Dibenzotetraazaannulene
Authors: Beck F. , Dämmert W. , Heiss J. , Hiller H. , Polster R.
Published: February 2015

Electrocatalytic activities of metal-phthalocyanines (Me-Pc) and -dibenzotetraazaannulenes (Me-TAA) for oxygen reduction have been measured by standardized dispersion electrode in 4.5-n. H2SO4 . The most active chelates are Fe-Pc and Co-TAA. Normally substitution of the ringsystem leads to a strong decrease in activity. Exceptions are - COOH, - NO2 with Me-Pc, -Cl with Me-TAA. In alcaline media, the Co-chelates are especially active. Electrocatalytic activity and catalase effect are not correlated. A mechanism is given, which is called “redox-catalysis”. In a chemical step, the electrocatalyst is oxydized by the oxygen to the cation, which is reduced in an electrochemical follow up step. This gives a satisfactory explanation for the complementarity of activity and stability of these electrocatalysts.
Theorie der Polaritonen in zweiachsigen endlichen Ionenkristallen / Theory of Polaritons in Biaxial Finite Ionic Crystals
Authors: Borstel G.
Published: February 2015

A macroscopic theory of polaritons and long optical phonons in biaxial finite ionic crystals is presented. For the case of a crystal plate it is shown that the dispersion of surface and bulk polaritons is determined by a system of nonlinear equations. These equations may be combined to an explicit dispersion formula only for propagation directions parallel to the principal axes of the dielectric tensor of the crystal.
Hyperfeinstruktur von KJ / Hyperfine Structure of KI
Authors: Tiemann E. , Ali H. El , Hoeft J. , Törring T.
Published: February 2015

The quadrupole hyperfine structure of 39K127I was measured on the rotational transition J = 1 → 2 at 7.2 GHz. Observations in various vibrational states resulted in the following quadrupole coupling constants: (eq0Q) 39k= -4.12 (10) MHz, (eqνQ) 127
I= (- 85.32 - 2.93 (v +1/2) ±0.12) MHz.
Hyperfeinstruktur von AlCl und AlBr / Hyperfine Structure of AlCl and AlBr
Authors: Hoeft J. , Törring T. , Tiemann E.
Published: February 2015

The quadrupole hyperfine structure of 27Al79Br of the rotational transition J = 0 → 1 was measured. We obtained the following quadrupole coupling constants:

eq0 Q (27Al) = -27.90 (50) MHz,

eq0 Q (79Br) = +78.78 (20) MHz .

The hyperfine structure of the rotational transition J = 1 → 2 of 27Al35Cl, measured by Lide, was reassigned and the fit of the spectrum resulted in the molecule parameters:

e q0 Q(27Al) = -29.8 (50) MHz ,

e q0 Q(35Cl) = - 8.6 (10) MHz .
Limits of Local Thermodynamic Equilibrium in Short Spaced Cesium Plasmas
Authors: Ciaaßen H. A. , Helrich C. S.
Published: February 2015

Limits of validity of the assumption of local thermodynamic equilibrium in short spaced cesium plasmas are deduced from necessary conditions for the existence of local translational, internal, and radiation equilibrium. Results are presented graphically by curves of total pressure or electron density as a function of electron temperature required to satisfy the given conditions.
Das Temperaturverhalten der Phosphoreszenz und Fluoreszenz von K3CrF6 / The Temperature Dependence of Phosphorescence and Fluorescence in K3CrF6
Authors: Koglin E.
Published: February 2015

The luminescence behaviour of crystalline K3CrF6 is measured in the temperature range from 100 °K to 4.2 °K. The complex shows a very strong, broad fluorescence emission at temperatures lower than 20 °K. additionally also the phosphorescence transition can be observed. At temperatures higher than 20 °K only fluorescence is measured. The 2E→4A2-transition does not split suggesting Oh-site symmetry.

Excitation- and luminescence spectra at 4.2 °K are the basis for a calculation of the energy eigenvalues. The crystal field parameters are fitted by the experimental data. The vibrational sidebands of the electronic transitions 2E - 4A2 an 4T2
4A2 are compared with Raman- and IRresults. From the temperature dependence and measured vibrational frequencies the zero phonon transitions of fluorescence and phosphorescence can be found
The Conductance of the Alkali Halides
Authors: Petrella Giuseppe , Castagnolo Maurizio
Published: February 2015

The conductometric behaviour, at 35 °C, of solutions of lithium chloride in sulfolane-methanol mixtures was investigated, the concentration of the salt ranging within 0.8 x 10-3 and 8 x 10-3 moles/l and the dielectric constant of the solvent within 42 and 30.

Using the Fuoss, Onsager and Skinner treatment, the parameters ⋀0 , αL, A and αA were calculated.

An increase of the Waiden products with the sulfolane content of the solution was observed as well as an non-coulomb behaviour of the association constant. Data are discussed and interpreted on the basis of ion transfer energies and the properties of the solute and the solvent mixtures.
Force Constants and Mean Amplitudes of Vibrationof the Metal-Hexahalo Species of Group IV-VI
Authors: Pandey A. N. , Sharma D. K. , Singh H. S. , Singh B. P.
Published: February 2015

The general valence force constants and vibrational amplitudes have been evaluated for the metal hexahalo species of groups IV -VI elements using recent infrared and Raman spectral data. The results are employed to study the trend of variation among different species as well as the influence of cations on the relative stiffness of the chemical bonds. It has been found that the chemical bonds in the environment of a cesium cation are stronger than those of a tetraethylammonium cation.
Lattice Curvature in Nearly Perfect Silicon Crystals
Authors: Bubáková R. , Trousil Z.
Published: February 2015

Deviations from Friedel's law in the case of anomalous transmission of X-rays have been estimated in as-grown silicon crystals.

The results of measurements on a double crystal spectrometer agree with the dynamical theory of elastically deformed crystals. Using this theory, we have obtained information about growth deformation in crystals containing a small number of dislocations or in dislocation-free ones. Radii of curvature of crystal lattice planes of the order of km, orientation differences of the order of 0.1" and relative changes of lattice constants of the order of 10-3% have been estimated.

Dislocation loops were observed at the boundary between the dislocation-free and the distorted part of the crystal.
Phononenassistierte Auger-Prozesse in III–V-Verbindungen / Phononassisted Auger Processes in III–V-Compounds
Authors: Rosenthal Wolfgang
Published: February 2015

Phononassisted Augerprocesses are investigated as a mechanism of band-to-band-transitions in III-V-Compounds. It is found that they can explain the temperature dependence in a temperature region, where the normal Auger processes are ineffective.
Zur Messung von Vorzeichen atomarer Aufspaltungskonstanten bei Verwendung von Hochfrequenz- und Level-Crossing-Techniken / On the measurement of signs of atomic splitting constants using radio frequency and level-crossing techniques
Authors: Oppen Gebhard von
Published: February 2015

In radiofrequency and level-crossing experiments the sign of atomic splitting constants (e. g. hfsconstants, gJ-values, tensor polarizabilities) can often be measured only under special experimental conditions. Some general features of these conditions are discussed starting from transformation properties of the atomic hamiltonian. In particular, the dependenec of level-crossing signals on the signs of atomic splitting constants is analyzed.
Die physikalischen Grundlagen der Uran235-Anreicherung nach dem Trenndüsenverfahren / The Physics of Uranium235-Enrichment in the Separation Nozzle Process
Authors: Bier W. , Eisenbeiß G. , Heeschen G.
Published: February 2015

The effects of the added light gases H2, He, and D2 on the separation of the uranium isotopes in the separation nozzle process are compared experimentally. The superiority of H2 under economically optimum conditions turns out to be caused essentially by its less dissipative nozzle flow characterized by a higher Reynolds number. This advantage is decreased if differences in the flow velocity lose their effects on isotope separation, e. g. at higher expansion ratios. Thus, with He added, the isotope separation effects can get closer to those observed with H2; D2 even can get better than H2, because He and D2 prevent more efficiently UF6 from concentrating rapidly at the outer nozzle wall.