bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PEMANFAATAN GAME ONLINE SEBAGAI PERMAINAN EDUKATIF MODERN UNTUK MENGEMBANGKAN KREATIVITAS ANAK
Authors: Arum Rezki Perwita , Sholehah Aat Mar’atun , Fatmawati Fatmawati
Published: July 2021

This research wasswritten withhthe aimoof presenting about understanding modern educational games using a research methodiin theeform ofaa libraryystudy (LibraryrResearch). Theddata usediin ending the research is obtained frommthe library, in theform of books, encyclopedias,ddictionaries,jjournals, documents,mmagazines andsso on, which relates to the problem to be solved. The implementation of understanding modern educational games is an implementation or application in the form of real action to understand modern educational games with various kinds of activities. The importance of modern educational games in developing. Basedoon therresults ofddata analysissthrough literature study, ittwas founddthat he could understand educational modern games. Keywords: Types, Characteristics, Benefits, and Implementation of Modern Games.

Abstrak

Penelitiannini ditulis bertujuanmmennyajikan tentang memahami permainan modern yang edukatif menggunakan metode penelitian yang berupa Studi Kepustakaan (Library Research).Data yang dipergunakan di dalam mengakhiri penelitian  tersebut didapatkan mengenai buku, literature, catetan, juga beragam informasi yang bersangkutan dengan masalah  yang akan diselesaikan. Implementasi memahami permainan modern yang edukatif merupakan sebuah pelaksanaan atau penerapan dalam bentuk aksi nyata untuk memahami permainan modern yang edukatif dengan berbagai macam kegiatan. Pentingnya permainan modern yang edukatif dalam mengembangkan .Berdasarkan hasil analisis data melalui studi kepustakaan di peroleh bahwasannyadapat memahami permainan modern yang eduktaif.

Kata Kunci: Jenis, Karakteristik, Manfaat, dan Pelaksanaan Permainan Modern.
CHANGING BELIEF OF PRE-SERVICE ENGLISH TEACHERS DURING TEACHING PRACTICUM
Authors: Heryatun Yayu , Sukma Dara Damanik Emeliya
Published: July 2021

This study investigated the changing belief of pre-service English teachers during they did teaching practicum. It was one of subjects in teacher education programs. Belief of pre-service English teachers played significant role as it could influence their classroom practices and teaching outcomes. The methodology of research used in this study was qualitative case study. It involved twenty pre-service English teachers from English Department. They were put in twelve schools which located in four towns in Banten Province. This study employed questionnaire and reflective journal as instruments for collecting data.  The questionnaire itself was distributed before and after teaching practicum, while reflective journal was filled by twenty pre-service English teachers during teaching practicum.The results of this study revealed that the changing of teachers’ belief varied among participants. The changing belief  of pre-service English  teachers covered three themes, which consists of (1) learners (2) learning and (3) teaching, before and after they did teaching practicum. Dealing with the first theme, changing belief on learners, pre-service English teachers experienced more on their emotion specifically on their confident as well as patient. In addition, the second theme, changing belief on learning, it occurred more on pre-service English teachers’ awareness that the classroom reality helped them to test their knowledge and it made them more aware of their personal beliefs about learning. Moreover, the last theme, changing belief on teaching, it took place when pre-service teachers had been exposed to teaching English in real contexts EFL classroom.
KAJIAN STRUKTURAL CERPEN KARANGAN SISWA KELAS IX MTS AL-FURQON KLARI KARAWANG DAN PEMANFAATANNYA SEBAGAI RENCANA PELAKSANAAN PEMBELAJARAN
Authors: Siti Nurfalah Ulfa
Published: July 2021

This study aims to describe the structure of the story through intrinsic elements, namely the facts of the story and literary means contained in short stories written by students of class IX MTs Al-Furqon Klari Karawang and their use as a Learning Implementation Plan (RPP). Sources of data in this study were several short stories written by students of class IX MTs Al-Furqon Klari Karawang. The data in this study are statements or sentences written in short stories written by students describing Robert Stanton's structuralism and categorized into two parts, namely the facts of the story and literary means. The results of this study reveal that the short stories written by students of class IX MTs Al-Furqon Klari Karawang mostly describe the personal life experiences of the author. The short story composition has a story structure in terms of intrinsic elements, namely the facts of the story, namely in terms of plot, characters, setting and theme. Not only in terms of the facts of the story but literary means which can be divided into five parts, namely; title, point of view, style and tone, symbolism and irony.

Abstrak

Penelitian ini bertujuan mendeskripsikan struktur cerita melalui unsur intrinsik yakni fakta-fakta cerita dan sarana-sarana sastra yang terdapat dalam karangan cerpen karya siswa kelas IX MTs Al-Furqon Klari Karawang beserta pemanfaatannya sebagai Rencana Pelaksanaan Pembelajaran (RPP). Sumber data dalam penelitian ini adalah beberapa karangan cerpen siswa kelas IX MTs Al- Furqon Klari Karawang. Data dalam penelitian ini adalah pernyataan atau kalimat yang tertuang dalam teks cerpen karangan siswa yang mendeskripsikan strukturalisme Robert Stanton dan dikategorikan menjadi dua bagian yaitu fakta- fakta cerita dan sarana-sarana sastra. Hasil penelitian ini mengungkapakan bahwa pada karangan cerpen karya siswa kelas IX MTs Al-Furqon Klari Karawang ini sebagian besar menggambarkan pengalaman kehidupan pribadi pengarang. Karangan cerpen tersebut memilki struktur cerita dari segi unsur intrinsik yakni fakta-fakta cerita yaitu dari segi alur, karakter, latar dan tema. Tidak hanya dari segi fakta-fakta cerita melainkan sarana-sarana sastra yang dapat dibagi menjadi lima bagian yakni; judul, sudut pandang, gaya dan tone, simbolisme dan ironi. Karangan cerpen tersebut terdapat dua pokok pembahasan yang akan dianalisis yaitu, kajian struktural Robert Stanton dan pemanfaatannya sebagai rencana pelaksanaan pembelajaran.

Kata Kunci: Kajian Struktural, Fakta-Fakta Cerita, Sarana-Sarana Sastra, Rencana Pelaksanaan Pembelajaran
KAJIAN KRITIK SOSIAL PADA NASKAH DRAMA BADAI SEPANJANG MALAM KARYA MAX ARIFIN
Authors: Indriani Indriani , Nurhasanah Een , Hartati Dian
Published: July 2021

The purpose of this study is (1) to describe the chordial condition of a group of people in the drama script of Max Arifin's Badai Sepanjang Malam, (2) to illustrate social issues that are criticized in the drama script of Max Arifin's Badai Sepanjang Malam. This review incorporates descriptive-qualitative techniques and literary approaches to sociology. Max Arifin's drama script Badai Sepanjang Malam, which is included in a compilation of teenage dramas published by Gramedia in Jakarta in 1988, is the focus used. Reading and record taking procedures are the tools used to collect data. The research outcomes are as follows. The time and place setting for the drama Badai Sepanjang Malam takes place in the village of Klaulan, Lombok. 1988. In 1988, In the drama Badai Sepanjang Malam, social critique, that is, social systems, social reform, social issues, social structures. In the context of housing, partnership and tension in the social process. There are patterns of thought, mood patterns and action habits, regional factors, of social change. In terms of social issues, namely in the context of poverty, control, ignorance of the environment by the population. In the societal system, that is, in the context of the core components of culture, as well as the social layers.

Abstrak

Penelitian ini memiliki tujuan yaitu (1) menjelaskan keadaan kordial pada sekelompok manusia yang ada pada naskah drama Max Arifin yang berjudul Badai Sepanjang Malam, (2) menjelaskan masalah-masalah sosial yang kemudian dikritik pada naskah drama Max Arifin yang berjudul Badai Sepanjang Malam. Dalam penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan sosiologi sastra dengan metode deskriptif kualitatif. Subjek yang digunakan adalah naskah drama Max Arifin yang berjudul Badai Sepanjang Malam yang terdapat dalam kumpulan drama anak remaja yang diterbitkan oleh Gramedia di Jakarta tahun 1988. Teknik yang digunakan untuk memperoleh data yaitu teknik baca dan catat. Hasil penelitian adalah sebagai berikut. Latar waktu dan tempat naskah drama Badai Sepanjang Malam terjadi di desa Klaulan, Lombok. Pada tahun 1988. Kritik sosial dalam naskah drama Badai Sepanjang Malam yaitu proses sosial, perubahan sosial, masalah sosial, struktur sosial. Pada proses sosial berupa akomodasi, kerjasama dan pertentangan. Pada perubahan sosial adanya pola pikir, pola sikap dan pola perilaku, geografis yang mempengaruhi. Pada masalah sosial yaitu berupa kemiskinan, kekuasaan, ketidak pedulian masyarakat dengan lingkungan. Pada stuktur sosial yaitu berupa unsur-unsur sosial yang pokok, serta lapisan-lapisan sosial.

Kata kunci : Naskah drama, Kritik sosial, Sosiologi Sastra
KRITIK SOSIAL POTRET PEMBANGUNAN DALAM PUISI KARYA W.S. RENDRA
Authors: Ayuningrum Syamzah
Published: July 2021

The purpose of this research is to describe the form of social criticism theme in poetry anthology, Portrait of Development in Poetry by W.S. Rendra. Overall the poetry anthology Portrait of Development in Poetry by W.S. Rendra consists of twenty-five poems, but the writer took fifteen poetry titles as the data source. Meanwhile, the research data were obtained from words, phrases and sentences from the stanzas and arrays of the fifteen poetry titles. This research was conducted using a qualitative descriptive method and a sociological literature approach. Based on data analysis in this study, it can be found that the theme of social criticism and the concept of social criticism in a collection of development portrait poetry in the poetry by W.S. Rendra. This is evidenced in the data that has been found and studied discussing issues of social power, political power, political ideology, poverty, corruption, and education.

Abstrak

Tujuan dalam penelitian ini adalah untuk mendeskripsikan wujud tema kritik sosial dalam antologi puisi Potret Pembangunan dalam Puisi karya sastra W.S. Rendra. Secara keseluruhan antologi puisi Potret Pembangunan dalam Puisi karya W.S. Rendra terdiri dari dua puluh lima puisi, tetapi penulis mengambil lima belas judul puisi sebagai sumber data. Sedangkan data penelitian diperoleh dari kata, frase dan kalimat dari bait dan larik dari kelima belas judul puisi tersebut. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif dan dengan pendekatan sosiologi sastra. Berdasarkan analisis data dalam penelitian ini dapat ditemukan wujud tema kritik sodial dan konsep kritik sosial dalam kumpulan puisi potret pembangunan dalam puisi karya W.S. Rendra. Hal ini dibuktikan dalam data-data yang telah ditemukan serta dikaji membahas tentang masalah kekuasaan sosial, kekuasan politik, ideologi politik, kemiskinan, korupsi, dan pendidikan

Kata Kunci: Kritik Sosial, Kajian Sosiologi Sastra
METAKOGNISI : ADAKAH PERBEDAAN SISWA MELANKOLIS DAN KOLERIS ?
Authors: Dani Hanifatuzzahra  , Harina Fitriyani
Published: July 2021

This study aims to obtain an overview of the characteristics and levels of metacognitive ability of junior high school students as seen from the melancholic and choleric personality types according to Hippocrates-Galenus. The results of this study are expected to be used as consideration for teachers in designing mathematics lessons that pay attention to personality types and students' metacognitive processes. A qualitative descriptive approach was chosen to answer the research objectives. At the same time, the research subjects were two grade VII students with melancholic and choleric personality types in one of the Muhammadiyah Junior High Schools in Jepara. The purposive sampling technique used in this research to subject selection. Data collection techniques used personality type questionnaires, metacognition tests, and interviews. Data analysis used three steps, namely data reduction, data presentation and conclusion drawing. The results showed that melancholic and choleric students had different characteristics and levels of metacognition. Melancholic students are at the metacognitive level between tacit use and aware use, while the rest of the cholerics are at the tacit use metacognition level.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan gambaran tentang karakteristik dan jenjang kemampuan metakognisi siswa SMP yang dilihat dari tipe kepribadian melankolis dan koleris menurut Hippocrates-Galenus. Hasil penelitian ini diharapkan dapat dijadikan sebagai bahan pertimbangan guru dalam mendesain pembelajaran matematika yang memperhatikan tipe kepribadian dan proses metakognisi siswa. Pendekatan deskriptif kualitatif dipilih untuk menjawab tujuan penelitian. Sedangkan subjek penelitian adalah dua orang siswa kelas VII yang bertipe kepribadian melankolis dan koleris di salah satu SMP Muhammadiyah di Jepara. Adapun teknik pemilihan subjek penelitian menggunakan teknik purposive sampling. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan angket tipe kepribadian, tes metakognisi, dan wawancara. Analisis data menggunakan tiga langkah yakni reduksi data, penyajian data dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa siswa melankolis dan koleris memiliki karakteristik dan jenjang metakognisi berbeda. Siswa melankolis berada pada jenjang metakognisi antara tacit use dan aware use, sedangkan sisa koleris berada pada jenjang metakognisi tacit use.

Kata Kunci: Metakognisi, Melankolis, Koleris, Jenjang Metakognisi
ANALISIS MOTIVASI BELAJAR SISWA DI SD NEGERI BUKIT TIGA ACEH TIMUR
Authors: Fadillah Nurul , Ida Safitri
Published: July 2021

Good learning is created because of the good motivation given by a teacher to students. Motivation already exists in humans but it emerges because of encouragement, one of which is from a teacher who always provides direction, attention and always encourages students so that students always learn to be successfull people later. This research was conducted at SD Negeri Bukit Tiga Aceh Timur with the sample of the study were fifth grade students of SDN Bukit Tiga. The method used in this research is descriptive survey technique. The data collection instruments used in this study were validation instrument sheet, learning outcomes test, quetionnaires and observation sheets. The result showed that the most chosen motivation given by teachers to students in science learning at SDN Bukit Tiga was the giving of prizes (Rewards) with veri high learning motivation (MBST) followed by attention that had high learning motivation (MBT) and giving punishmant with hig learning motivation (MBT).

Abstrak

Pembelajaran yang baik tercipta karena adanya motivasi yang baik yang diberikan oleh seorang guru kepada siswa. Motivasi memang sudah ada dalam diri manusia tetapi kemunculannya terjadi karena adanya dorongan, salah satunya dari seorang guru yang selalu memberikan arahan, perhatian dan selalu memberikan semangat kepada siswa agar siswa selalu belajar menjadi orang yang berhasil nantinya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui motivasi belajar terhadap hasil belajar siswa. Penelitian ini dilakukan di SD Negeri Bukit Tiga Aceh Timur dengan sampel penelitian adalah siswa kelas V SDN Bukit Tiga. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah deskriptif dengan teknik survey. Instrumen pengumpulan data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah lembar instrumen  validasi, tes hasil belajar, angket dan lembar observasi. Hasil Penelitian menunjukkan bahwa motivasi yang paling banyak dipilih yang diberikan oleh guru kepada siswa dalam pembelajaran IPA di SDN Bukit Tiga adalah pemberian hadiah (Reward) yang memiliki motivasi belajar sangat tinggi (MBST) disusul dengan perhatian yang memiliki motivasi belajar tinggi (MBT), dan pemberian hukuman (Punishment) yang memiliki motivasi belajar tinggi (MBT).

Kata Kunci: Motivasi, Pembelajaran IPA, Jenis Motivasi
Paleo - position of the South China Craton in the Rodinia Supercontinent: Evidence from the U - Pb age and Hf isotope of detrital zircon from the Nam Co Complex
Authors:   Faculty of Geosciences and Geoengineering, Hanoi University of Mining and Geology, Vietnam  Central for Excellence in Analyses and Experiment, Hanoi University of Minhning and Geology, Vietnam  Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Korea
Published: July 2021

To constrain the paleo - positions of the South China Cratons in the Rodinia Supercontinent during the Neoproterozoic, the in - situ U - Pb dating, and Hf isotope analysis of the detrital zircon from the Nam Co Complex, Song Ma Suture zone, northwestern Vietnam was performed. The U - Pb isotopic dating on detrital zircons shows that the Nam Co Complex demonstrates the major population (>50%) of around ~850 Ma while the minor population is scattered between ~1.2÷3.0 Ga. The Neoproterozoic age spectrum exhibits a large range of the εHf(t) from strongly negative to positive values ( - 17.418022÷ 14.600527), indicating that the source of the magma for this age range has been not only derived from reworking of the Archean basement rocks, but also generated from the juvenile material. The U - Pb age distribution patterns and Hf isotopic data of the detrital zircon in the Nam Co Complex are compatible with those of the South China Craton rather than those of the Indochina Craton. The data also indicate that sedimentary protoliths of the Nam Co Complex were deposited in a convergent - related basin along the southwestern margin of the South China Craton during the Neoproterozoic. Combined with the similarities of the detrital zircon age between western Cathaysia, Indochina, East Antarctica and East India, it is proved that the South China Craton was situated at the margin of the Rodinia Supercontinent and in close proximity to the Indochina, East Antarctica and East India.
Numerical modelling techniques for studying longwall geotechnical problems under realistic geological structures
Authors:   Faculty of Mining, Hanoi University of Mining and Geology
Published: July 2021

Longwall - associated geotechnical problems have been extensively studied by using numerical modelling methods. However, proper representation of its geological structures remains a challenging task. This paper presents a systematic understanding of numerical modelling techniques for studying longwall coal mining with geological structures. The modelling techniques derived from conventional and advanced continuum and discontinuum methods were reviewed in detail with emphasiz on their mechanic's formulation and applications. This study suggests that the successful selection of a proper modelling technique should be based on the physical principle of longwall problem, texture and shape of materials, and mechanics formulation of the numerical program used for modelling. The paper’s conclusions assist numerical modellers in quickly and properly selecting modelling technique for investigating a site - specific longwall problem.
Teisme, Mesianisme Dan Aksiologisme: Akomodasi Kitab Suci Kristen Terhadap Problema Kemiskinan Dan Pemiskinan
Authors: Aliyanto Deky Nofa
Published: July 2021

AbstractPoverty and impoverishment are social realities that have been struggling for most of the world community to this day. Christians who are part of society that form social fibers with the stereotype of "loving" should have social concern for the problems of poverty and impoverishment. The facts show that some Christians are indifferent in the face of such struggles. This study aims to show the fact that Christian scriptures actually accommodate poverty struggles. This research uses a qualitative approach methodology. Sources of data were obtained from Bible studies and literature consisting of books, internet, articles, and other written data related to this research.Specifically, this research will apply the Biblical Theology method including a hermeneutic approach to Bible study with the aim of understanding the meaning of the text which in this study is associated with the problems of poverty and impoverishment. This paper aims to show that the Christian scriptures basically accommodate the problems of poverty and impoverishment which are social facts that become an integral part of the life of Christian faith.  The research results show three accommodations of Christian Scriptures to the problems of poverty and impoverishment, among others: Theism in Christian scriptures that embraces the poor, Messianism in Christian scriptures that embraces the poor, and Axiologism in Christian scriptures.Abstrak: Kemiskinan dan pemiskinan merupakan realitas sosial yang menjadi pergumulan sebagian besar masyarakat dunia sampai hari ini. Orang Kristen yang merupakan bagian dari masyarakat yang membentuk serabut sosial dengan steriotipe “penuh kasih” seharusnya memiliki kepedulian sosial terhadap masalah kemiskinan dan pemiskinan. Fakta menunjukkan bahwa  sebagian dari orang Kristen acuh dalam menghadapi pergumulan demikian. Penelitian  ini bertujuan untuk menunjukkan fakta bahwa kitab suci Kristen sesungguhnya mengakomodasi pergumulan kemiskinan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metodologi pendekatan kualitatif.   Sumber data didapatkan dari studi Alkitab dan literatur yang terdiri dari buku-buku, internet, artikel, serta data tertulis lain yang berkaitan dengan penelitian ini.  Secara spsesifik penelitian ini akan menerapkan metode Teologi Biblika mencakup pendekatan hermeneutik untuk pengkajian Alkitab dengan tujuan memahami makna teks   yang dalam penelitian ini dikaitkan dengan problema kemiskinan dan pemiskinan.  Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk menunjukkan bahwa kitab suci Kristen pada dasarnya mengakomodasi problema kemiskinan dan pemiskinan yang merupakan fakta sosial yang menjadi bagian integral dalam kehidupan iman umat Kristen. Hasil penelitian menunjukan tiga akomodasi Kitab Suci Kristen terhadap problema kemiskinan dan pemiskinan antara lain: Teisme dalam kitab suci Kristen yang merangkul kaum miskin, Mesianisme dalam kitab suci Kristen yang merangkul kaum miskin, dan Aksiologisme dalam kitab suci Kristen yang merangkul kaum miskin.
El sentido de la muerte, una aproximación teológica y pastoral.
Authors: Portocarrero Gutierrez César Augusto
Published: July 2021

Se realizó un análisis en referencia a la muerte bíblica, que ha permitido desarrollar el verdadero sentido de la muerte y su trascendencia. El objetivo del estudio quiere contribuir en comprender el verdadero sentido de la muerte, respondiendo a los signos de los tiempos, la ciencia teológica y la Iglesia no puede estar ajena a la realidad y el sufrimiento del pueblo de Dios en tiempos de la pandemia de la Covi 19. También el estudio quiere contribuir en fomentar la fe en Dios y acércanos al misterio de la vida después de la muerte, además propiciar un conocimiento verdadero del sentido de la muerte para los creyentes e invitar a todos los hombres de buena voluntad a participar y prepararse para este gran acontecimiento escatológico. El análisis del resultado es que el hombre por su naturaleza tendrá que experimentar la muerte, y que por su fe pueda afrontar como un acontecimiento trascendental de retribución escatológica.
Analysis of Demersal Fish Fauna off the Sea of Marmara, Turkey
Authors: DABAN İsmail Burak , İŞMEN Ali , ŞİRİN Murat , YIĞIN Cahide Çiğdem , ARSLAN İHSANOĞLU Mukadder
Published: July 2021

Demersal fish fauna of the Sea of Marmara, Turkey was determined by bottom trawl surveys between March 2017-December 2018 at 34 stations with the monthly samplings. During the study, a total of 61 teleost and 12 cartilaginous fish species belonging to 42 families were sampled. The target, bycatch and discard rates of CPUE were determined as 13.40%, 69.64% and 16.95%, respectively. In total, 53.9% of the CPUE was stemmed from Trachurus trachurus. Mustelus mustelus, Raja clavata, Merluccius merluccius and Merlangius merlangius had the highest CPUE with a mean of 77.63, 71.86, 71.72 and 72.68 kg/km2, respectively. The highest biodiversity was observed in the southwestern part of the Marmara Sea. With increasing depth, the species number of the teleost fish decreased, whereas the species number of the cartilaginous fish increased. The mean CPUE values of the economical demersal fish species were lower in comparison to those reported from other regions in Turkey. Evidence suggests fish stocks with shallower distribution is under heavier threat against fishing pressure. Since commercial trawling is banned in the Sea of Marmara, beam trawl fishery can be considered as the major threat to demersal fish stocks in the region.
Biological Aspects of the Brown Ray (Raja miraletus Linnaeus, 1758) in the Saros Bay, the Northern Aegean Sea
Authors: YIĞIN Cahide Çiğdem , İŞMEN Ali
Published: July 2021

The present study reports the age, growth, and reproduction parameters of 52 brown rays (Raja miraletus) captured from the Saros Bay (Northern Aegean Sea) between September 2006 -2008. The males and females accounted for 44.2% and 55.8% of the sample, respectively. The males measured 10.5-53.5 cm (disc width, 6.5-32 cm) and the females ranged 25.5-47.7 cm (disc width, 18-30.5 cm) in total length (TL). The equations TW=0.0017*TL3.27 and TW=0.0017*DW3.38 were used to describe the total length-weight and disc width-weight relationships, respectively. The length-at-age data on vertebrae were used to estimate the von Bertalanffy growth equation: L∞ = 62.43 cm, K = 0.28 year−1, t0 = −0.54 year. The maximum age was found to be 4 years for both the males and females.
Gökçeada Kıyılarında (Kuzey Ege Denizi) Paracentrotus lividus ve Arbacia lixula Gonadlarında Metal Konsantrasyonları
Authors: YILMAZ Melis , TUNCER Sezginer
Published: July 2021

Bu çalışmada, Gökçeada kıyılarında Paracentrotus lividus ve Arbacia lixula gonadlarında 2014-2015 yıllarında mevsimsel olarak Pb, Cu, Zn, Cd ve Fe düzeyleri araştırılmıştır. P. lividus’un en yüksek iz element konsantrasyonları arasındaki sıralama Zn> Fe> Cu> Pb> Cd şeklindedir. A. lixula gonadlarındaki iz element konsantrasyonu sıralaması ise Fe> Zn>Cu>Pb> Cd olarak belirlenmiştir. Yapılan tek yönlü varyans analizlerine göre iz element konsantrasyonlarındaki farklılıklar, türlere, istasyonlara göre değişim göstermektedir. Aynı durum mevsimler arasındaki iz element konsantrasyonlarındaki farklılıklar için de geçerlidir. Deniz kestanelerinde kirlilik izlenme çalışmaları için sadece aynı dokular arasında iz element konsantrasyonlarını karşılaştırmaya özen gösterilmelidir. Vücut dokuları arasında, üreme dönemleri dışında gonadlar, biyomonitor dokular olarak değerlendirilmek üzere önerilmektedir.
Mexican exiles are films extras Delahuertistas y escobaristas en espacios de entretenimiento durante su exilio, 1924-1936
Authors: Grijalva Dávila Miguel Ángel
Published: July 2021

Este texto detalla los espacios de entretenimiento donde participaron líderes delahuertistas y escobaristas durante su exilio en Estados Unidos, las décadas de 1920 y 1930. Su presencia en películas, radiodifusoras y festivales, les dio eco en la prensa en ingles (principal fuente para este artículo), y a su vez ayudaron -de forma consiente o no-, a proyectar una imagen del exiliado, el veterano de la revolución y el mexicano migrante. Los protagonistas de estos exilios trabajaron en Estados Unidos en películas, estaciones de radio, periódicos, festivales culturales, teatros y más, y aprendieron sobre la práctica. Tomando en cuenta que la mayoría regresó a México, y que algunos continuaron con dichas actividades, proponemos que los exiliados importaron un capital cultural, que repercutió en movimientos artísticos y culturales nacionales, como la época del cine de oro mexicano.
Classic McEliece on the ARM Cortex-M4
Authors: Chen Ming-Shing , Chou Tung
Published: July 2021

This paper presents a constant-time implementation of Classic McEliece for ARM Cortex-M4. Specifically, our target platform is stm32f4-Discovery, a development board on which the amount of SRAM is not even large enough to hold the public key of the smallest parameter sets of Classic McEliece. Fortunately, the flash memory is large enough, so we use it to store the public key. For the level-1 parameter sets mceliece348864 and mceliece348864f, our implementation takes 582 199 cycles for encapsulation and 2 706 681 cycles for decapsulation. Compared to the level-1 parameter set of FrodoKEM, our encapsulation time is more than 80 times faster, and our decapsulation time is more than 17 times faster. For the level-3 parameter sets mceliece460896 and mceliece460896f, our implementation takes 1 081 335 cycles for encapsulation and 6 535 186 cycles for decapsulation. In addition, our implementation is also able to carry out key generation for the level-1 parameter sets and decapsulation for level-5 parameter sets on the board.
Optimizing BIKE for the Intel Haswell and ARM Cortex-M4
Authors: Chen Ming-Shing , Chou Tung , Krausz Markus
Published: July 2021

BIKE is a key encapsulation mechanism that entered the third round of the NIST post-quantum cryptography standardization process. This paper presents two constant-time implementations for BIKE, one tailored for the Intel Haswell and one tailored for the ARM Cortex-M4. Our Haswell implementation is much faster than the avx2 implementation written by the BIKE team: for bikel1, the level-1 parameter set, we achieve a 1.39x speedup for decapsulation (which is the slowest operation) and a 1.33x speedup for the sum of all operations. For bikel3, the level-3 parameter set, we achieve a 1.5x speedup for decapsulation and a 1.46x speedup for the sum of all operations. Our M4 implementation is more than two times faster than the non-constant-time implementation portable written by the BIKE team. The speedups are achieved by both algorithm-level and instruction-level optimizations.
Permissibility of Third-Party Guarantee for Capital in Mudhārabah based on Maslahah; A Study In light of the resolution of (SAC-BNM)
Authors: Noureddin Mowaffak , Mohd. Noor Azman Bin , Arif Arif Ali
Published: July 2021

This research studies public interest (Maslahah) and its consideration in Shari’ah. its classifications and regulations and the significant role it plays in establishing evidence on the contemporary juristic issues. More especially. in the field of Islamic finance and banking sector which issues are increasingly growing and expanding in recent times. The research studies one of these issues. which is the of permissibility of a third-party guarantee of capital in Mudhārabah transaction based on the notion Maslahah. The study was conducted on basis of the resolution adopted by the Shari’ah Advisory Council. Bank Negara Malaysia. (SAC-BNM) on the issue. The researcher used descriptive research method on descriptive related studies to describe the issue. while analytical method was used in analyzing the issue. critically discussing it and providing solution over it. Of the findings arrived at by the researcher are the third-party guarantee is permissible. if he is independent of Mudarib and Rabbul mal. benefactor and there is misconduct or negligence by him. The guarantee is not permissible if it is proven that the capital has been damaged without misconduct by Mudarib. and when the capital is damaged in the normal circumstances. if Mudarib establishes evidence that the damage occurred without misconduct or negligence on his part. it is not guaranteed in order to preserve his interest. and if he is unable to provide evidence that he has not violated the capital. it is guaranteed. in order to preserve the interest of Rabbul mal. and this is the interest consideration.
The Means and Pretexts and their Applications in Islamic Financial Engineering
Authors: Assa’d Ahmad Muhammad , Albusaili Alaa Khalid
Published: July 2021

The rooting methodological concepts of Islamic Financial Engineering was not free of being overlapped, especially since there is no mechanism controlling the efforts made in financial transactions. Thus, there was a need to enhance awareness of the most effective fundamentalist tools and to organize their ABCs according to Sharia data. Therefore, through demonstrating the methodology of formulating Islamic financial engineering tools, the current study aims to identify the concepts of Means and Pretexts. In describing and analyzing the concepts, as well as revealing the relationship between their different dimensions, the descriptive deductive approach was used. The researcher recommends Islamic financial engineering scholars to attract their attention towards the importance of developing a clear methodology related to eliciting contemporary financial judgments.
Challenges Faced by DPS in Indonesia and Ways to Solve Them
Authors: Thaha Muzakkir Muhsin , Ibrahim Mohamed Hossam El-Din , Zaim Muntaha bin Artalim
Published: July 2021

This study aims to identify some issues facing the Sharia Supervisory Board (SSB) in Indonesia and find ways to solve them. Some cases were found to have obstructed SSB operations, resulting in SSB's failure to enjoy its privileges. What is interesting is that the legalization of many Sharia banking systems in Indonesian civil law didn’t produce optimal results that is the full commitment of Islamic banking activities to principles of Sharia. This study contributes to providing effective and applicable solutions in order to systematically improve the work of SSB. The researcher relies on the inductive and analytical approach to clarify and solve the problems by referring to heritage and contemporary būks. The research reached some conclusions and recommendations: 1- Making legal affiliation of the SSB refer to a higher official authority in-country to ensure independence. 2- The SSB must prove the urgency of their presence among customers and utilize technology to accelerate demonstrating of Sharia provisions for ongoing projects. 3- There is still a problem in appointing the members of SSB by the bank’s general assembly due to potential conflicts of interest. 4- SSB members can collect salaries and bonuses from Islamic banks in return for their efforts and carving out their times.
PYMES en América Latina: clasificación, productividad laboral, retos y perspectivas.
Authors: Gonzalez Díaz Romel Ramón , Becerra Pérez Luis Armando
Published: July 2021

Este artículo presenta un diagnóstico general de las Pymes en América Latina. Este se divide en cuatro apartados. El primero, presenta una discusión sucinta de la clasificación de empresas en los principales países de América Latina, comparando a éstas con la estratificación de Estados Unidos, Canadá y la Unión Europea. En el segundo, se analiza la importancia del segmento de las micro, pequeñas y medianas empresas (mipymes) y del sub-segmento de pequeñas y medianas empresas (pymes) en la economía, a través de su participación en el número de empresas, contribución al empleo, generación de valor agregado y el valor de las exportaciones. En el tercero, se reflexiona sobre las diferencias en la productividad laboral y los salarios, mostrando las brechas internas y externas de los rendimientos del trabajo que impera en las micro, pequeñas y medianas empresas de América Latina. Por último, el cuarto apartado, resume algunos retos que tienen las empresas para subsanar los principales problemas que inhiben su crecimiento y acceso al mercado internacional.
SOURCE OF POSITRONS ON THE BASE OF LINAC LUE-40
Authors: Perezhogin S.A. , Bulyak E.V. , Kushnir V.A. , Mytrochenko V.V. , Selivanov L.I.
Published: July 2021

The results of the numeral studies of the source of positrons for NSC KIPT are presented. The positrons are to produce from conversion of the 40 MeV electrons. The bunches of such electrons will be provided by the linac LUE-40. The estimations of yield of the positrons, their spectrum, and spatial-angular distribution are produced. The possibility of the spectrum modification with help of the RF resonator adjusted to the sub-harmonics of the RF frequency is proposed. It is shown that the use of such device allows to substantially increase the number of positrons with small energy. It allows to promote efficiency of the moderation process and increase yield of the slow mono energetic positrons. The optimal parameters of conversion target have been defined. The preliminary calculations of the system of forming the positron bunch are presented as well.
QUARTZ ACCELERATOR OF CHARGED PARTICLES
Authors: Ivashchuk O.O. , Shchagin A.V. , Kubankin A.S. , Nikulin I.S. , Miroshnik V.S. , Volkov V.I. , Ionidi V.Y. , Chepurnov A.S. , Oleinik A.N. , Lepeshko D.A. , Zhukova M.A.
Published: July 2021

Results of first experiments with piezoelectric accelerator built on quartz crystals as piezoelectric elements are presented. Accelerating voltage in such quartz accelerator is produced at compression in vacuum of quartz crystals along polar axis. The construction of the quartz accelerator and results of measurements the spectra of X-ray radiation which is produced by electrons accelerated in such accelerator are described. Accelerating voltage in quartz accelerator observed in the experiment is discussed.
HOMOGENEOUS FOCUSING FIELD FOR SHORT RELATIVISTIC ELECTRON BUNCHES IN PLASMA
Authors: Maslov V.I. , Levchuk I.P. , Bondar D.S. , Onishchenko I.N.
Published: July 2021

Plasma wake lens in which all short relativistic electron bunches of sequence are focused identically and uniformly is studied analytically and by numerical simulation. For two types of lenses necessary parameters of focused sequence of relativistic electron bunches are formulated. Verification of these parameters is performed by numerical simulation.
THE ION ENERGY IN A PLASMA RESONATOR EXCITED BY A POWERFUL MICROWAVE PULSE AT ECR FREQUENCY
Authors: Antonov A.N. , Antipov V.S. , Kornilov E.A. , Miroshnichenko V.A. , Vinokurov V.A.
Published: July 2021

The possibility of heating argon plasma ions with a density of ≈1013 cm-3 to 2 keV in a resonator placed in a magnetic field of a plug configuration when oscillations were excited at an electron-cyclotron resonance frequency with an electric field strength of up to 12 kV/cm in a pulse with a duration of 1.8 μs was shown experimentally. Ions acquire high energy in the fields of stochastic low-frequency ion oscillations due to the development of a modified decay of microwave oscillations.
NON-STATIONARY MODEL OF THE SOLAR CORE
Authors: Skoromnaya S.F. , Tkachenko V.I.
Published: July 2021

The main parameters of the standard model of the Sun are considered, according to which the Sun is considered as a spherically symmetric and quasistatic star, and thermonuclear reactions of the pp-cycle mainly occur inside it and the energy is uniformly released at a rate of 2·10-4J/(kg·s). Based on observational data it was concluded that the Sun is not a star with uniformly ongoing processes, it is characterized by oscillatory processes and flashes. It is proposed to consider the non-stationary model of the Sun, in which it is required to take into account the existence of electromagnetic waves in the plasma of the solar core and, as a result, the existence of wave collapses (WC). A three-dimensional axially symmetric WC is considered and an estimate of the velocity of removal of the plasma of the solar core during the development of a three-dimensional axially symmetric WC is given. For the considered WC the existence of three directions of flows of elementary plasma volumes relative to the observer is demonstrated: one direction is due to the moving the elementary plasma volume from the observer and the other  to him. The third direction of moving of the elementary plasma volumes is perpendicular to the direction of observation and their velocity relative to the observer is zero. It is concluded that the existence of such motions of elementary plasma volumes during the development of WC can leave a definite imprint on the parameters of the synthesis products in them.
DESIGN OF A DETECTING MODULE BASED ON A SINGLE-SIDED SILICON PHOTOSENSOR ARRAY WITH SCINTILATORS
Authors: Kiprich S.K. , Maslov N.I. , Shlyahov I.N.
Published: July 2021

A design of a detecting module based on a silicon front side illuminated single-sided photosensor array with scintillators has been developed. The array is made on wafers with a diameter of 100 mm from high-resistance Ntype silicon with a specific resistance of 5…10 kOhm·cm, lifetime of minority charge carriers τ>1000 μs and orientation <100>. The elimination of shielding of the photosensitive surface of the array by electrical connection elements is ensured by the use of aluminum-polyimide microcables provided that they are placed on the front side of the array in the gaps between the scintillators. The installation of front-end electronics on the board on the reverse side of the array within the array area allows to create a detecting module of compact size with minimal loss of effective recording area. A module with 64 dete ction cells located in a pitch of 4.1 mm does not exceed an area of 3535 mm.
ON THE POSSIBILITY TO DETECT ACTS OF CLUSTER DECAY OF ATOMIC NUCLEI BY THE METHODS OF NOISE DIAGNOSTIC
Authors: Skorbun A.D. , Kuchmagra O.A. , Odinokin G.I. , Maslyuk V.T. , Romanyuk M.I.
Published: July 2021

Cluster decay, as a special type of radioactive decay, up to date, is widely investigated. Nevertheless, until now, this activity is restricted: from one side by the possibilities of theoretical analysis, where some success is obtained for light nuclei only; and from another side only by experiments for nuclei defragmentation in searching for fission on magic nuclei. However, standard methods of radiometry and statistical analysis have not yet been applied. Such possibility can be realized by searching for acts of cluster decay as a rare event on an array of alpha-decay acts of actinides, which are recorded by industrial ionization fission chambers. The scheme of the experiment is discussed, which consists in the registration of every act of alpha-decay, against the background of which it is possible to detect the presence of nuclear clusters based on isotopes of 12,14С, 20О, and others, which can be formed in the decay of 234,235U. The requirements for electronics and the background conditions for such an experiment are discussed in detail.
IMPROVEMENT OF BEAM TRANSPORT AND TARGET STATION OF TECHNOLOGICAL LINAC "EPOS"
Authors: Dronov R.N. , Reprintsev L.V. , Tatanov V.I.
Published: July 2021

To increase the reliability of operation and simplify the precise tuning of the beam it is proposed to upgrade the output part of the accelerator "EPOS" NSC KIPT that operates in the range of electron energies 25…35 MeV and beam power up to 12 kW. An additional collimator, beam profile scanner and a wide aperture beam current monitor is offered to install. It is also proposed to upgrade the target station, which will improve the quality of irradiation and improve working conditions for personnel.
A constitucionalidade das novas biotecnologias ao sistema agroalimentar brasileiro
Authors: Garcia Ana Carolina de Morais
Published: July 2021

O presente artigo analisa a introdução das biotecnologias no campo brasileiro, a partir da modernização da agricultura e implantação da Revolução Verde, através de uma contextualização histórica. Trata sobre os impactos da biotecnologia, à soberania, a segurança alimentar e o reconhecimento constitucional do direito à alimentação.
The Power of Using Novel Nanopore Sequencing Technology for Diagnosis, Genomic and Pathological Studies of Covid-19
Authors: Du Chenghao
Published: July 2021

The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19), originally identified in December 2019 Wuhan, China, has propagated to worldwide pandemic, causing many cases of death and morbidity. Since the development of COVID-19 vaccines is still under experimental stages without public access, different types of testing and detection ensuring rapid and accurate results are urgently required to prevent delaying isolation of infected patients. The traditional diagnostic and analytical methods of COVID-19 relied heavily on nucleic acid and antibody-antigen methods but are subject to assembly bias, restricted by reading length, showed some false positive/negative results and had a long turnaround time. Hence, three styles of nanopore sequencing techniques as complementary tools for COVID-19 diagnosis and analysis are introduced. The long-read nanopore sequencing technology has been adopted in metagenomic and pathological studies of virosphere including SARS-CoV-2 recently by either metagenomically, directly or indirectly sequencing the viral genomic RNA of SARS-CoV-2 in real-time to detect infected specimens for early isolation and treatment, to investigate the transmission and evolutionary routes of SARS-CoV-2 as well as its pathogenicity and epidemiology. In this article, the Nanopore-Based Metagenomic Sequencing, Direct RNA Nanopore Sequencing (DRS), and Nanopore Targeted Sequencing (NTS) become the main focus of the novel COVID-19 detecting analytical methods in sequencing platforms, which are discussed in comparison with other traditional and popular diagnostic methods. Finally, different types of nanopore sequencing platforms that are developed by Oxford Nanopore Technologies (ONT) due to various purposes and demands in viral genomic research are briefly discussed.
Innovation Continuity as Indicator for Observing Stock Return Rate in China Stock Market
Authors: Tsai Hong-Wen , Che Hui-Chung , Bai Bo
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Based on the patent data and stock return rates of thousands of China listed companies (A-shares), the effect of the innovation continuity which representing by the patent publication frequency, on the stock return rate were analyzed via ANOVA. The innovation continuity was good for observing the stock return rate in the whole market, Shanghai main board and small-medium board. The A-shares with the stronger innovation continuity showed the higher stock return rate. The utility model grant’s innovation continuity was an indicator of the highest applicability. It could be applied for the whole market and any stock board. The design grant’s strongest innovation continuity group had the highest stock return rate mean among all patent species’ strongest innovation continuity groups 5 though the design grant was usually regarded as the most valueless patent species in China. The invention grant was always regarded as the most valuable patent species around the world, yet the stock return rate variance between the strongest innovation continuity groups of the invention grant and the invention publication was not significantly different. The invention publication’s innovation continuity was more recommended rather than the invention grant’s innovation continuity.

JEL classification numbers: C12, G11.
Keywords: Patent, China A-share, Innovation Continuity, ANOVA, Stock Price, Return Rate.