bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The COVID-19 pandemic as the next divergent phase of the East-West mortality gap in Europe
Authors: Pola Adéla , Hulíková Tesárková Klára
Published: June 2024

This paper analyses the variability of life expectancy at birth in Europe after 1950. It aims to assess the development of the East- West mortality gap and to identify the sub-regions or countries that most influenced mortality divergent and convergent trends in Europe. To achieve the goals, European countries are divided into Western and Eastern according to their political history, and the squared coefficient of variation is used for analysis of variability. This measure is further decomposed into between- and within- group components. The results of the study show that there were 4 divergent periods during the study period associated with the delayed cardiovascular revolution and mortality crisis in Eastern Europe and the COVID-19 pandemic. Variability of mortality in Europe during the pandemic was the highest in comparison to all previous divergent periods. Throughout the studied period, the between-group variability was influenced by both the continual progress of Western Europe and the lagging of Eastern Europe, with both regions contributing more or less similarly. However, since the 1990s, in case of within-group variability, a strong dominance of Eastern Europe can be observed, and therefore post-socialist countries deserve special attention. The results also suggest that some longer-term trends in behavior and attitudes towards health may persist in society, and that in the case of an unexpected crisis, there is a greater risk of mortality divergence reappearing.
The analysis of premature mortality in selected Central and East European countries
Authors: Pahomii Irina
Published: June 2024

Despite mortality improvements across Europe, premature mortality notably persists in Central and East European countries. This study is aimed to assess premature mortality variations across Central and East European countries from 1970 to 2019, employing both classical premature mortality indicators and the more nuanced lifespan disparity indicators. Specifically, the analysis utilised the proportion of deaths up to the age of 65, lifespan disparity, and an age threshold derived from lifespan disparity to explore mortality trends. The findings reveal a stable reduction in premature mortality within Central European and Baltic countries, contrasting with the pronounced fluctuations experienced by East European countries. Remarkably, Czechia, Slovakia, and Estonia demonstrating the most significant progress in mitigating premature deaths. The trajectory of premature mortality in Central and Eastern European nations underscores the influence of socioeconomic crises and distinct alcohol consumption patterns on mortality trends. The study highlights the limitations of employing a static age threshold of 65 years in analysis of premature mortality, which fails to capture the full scope of premature mortality realities, particularly among females. However, the traditional metric of deaths before age 65 provides a broadly understandable measure, the nuanced insights offered by lifespan disparity and its derived age threshold enhance our understanding of premature mortality dynamics. Recognising the strengths and limitations of each indicator is essential for advancing our grasp of premature mortality and for refining the development and execution of targeted public health interventions throughout Europe.
Nabywanie nieruchomości rolnych na potrzeby realizacji inwestycji celu publicznego
Authors: Wojciechowski Paweł
Published: June 2024

Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie wpływu wprowadzonych w ustawie o kształtowaniu ustroju rolnego instrumentów ograniczających obrót nieruchomościami rolnymi na realizowanie inwestycji celu publicznego i ocena przyjętych rozwiązań, zwłaszcza w kontekście zasady proporcjonalności. W konkluzji autor wskazał, że ustawowe regulacje oparte na metodzie kazuistycznej nie są właściwe, są niespójne i budzą wiele wątpliwości, oraz zaproponował rozwiązanie, które w sposób jednolity, z mocy samej ustawy, wyłączałoby ograniczenia w nabywaniu nieruchomości rolnych na potrzeby realizacji inwestycji celu publicznego, jednak z zachowaniem instrumentów nadzoru nad tym obrotem.
Role of six turn-initial demonstrative and emotive particles in Lithuanian
Authors: Ruskan Anna
Published: June 2024

The present study deals with the inventory and functional variation of six turn-initial particles in Lithuanian. The aim of the study is to identify the functions of the demonstrative turn-initial particles tai, va, and štai and the emotive particles o, nagi, and ogi in spoken discourse, namely in spontaneous private conversations, and in literary dialogues by exploring the relationship of the particles to a previous and emerging turn. The data for the study have been retrieved from the Corpus of Spoken Lithuanian and from the subcorpora of spoken discourse and fiction in the Corpus of the Contemporary Lithuanian Language. The most frequent turn-initial particles in spoken interactions are o, tai, and va, whereas in literary dialogues the particles nagi and ogi occur most frequently turn-initially. Both tai and va are speaker-oriented and express the speaker’s conclusion on the basis of the arguments in a previous turn, agreement or disagreement with the addressee, and elaboration of information. The particle o is addressee-oriented, since it frames the speaker’s question and emphasises the intention to elicit an answer from the addressee. Nagi and ogi tend to occur in directives or emphatic responses and are speaker-oriented in a similar way to tai and va.
Lehr- und Handbücher der Rechtsgeschichte in Italien von der Nachkriegszeit bis heute
Authors: Birocchi Italo
Published: June 2024

Textbooks and Handbooks are perhaps the most relevant and typical outcome of Legal Historiography in the strong national traditions in Europe. The article presents a very thorough description of this very rich phenomenon and its representatives in postwar Italy. Some critics and propositions are integrated. We don’t have such fundamental information It gives very helpful orientation and ideas of comparisons.
Ergänzungen zu „Deutsche Rechtsbücher des Mittelalters und ihre Handschriften“
Authors: Oppitz Ulrich-Dieter
Published: June 2024

This article presents newly discovered manuscripts and single leaves of German-language customary law books. It describes variations to the manusripts and single leaves listed in U.-D. Oppitz, “Deutsche Rechtsbücher des Mittelalters”, vol. II, Cologne 1990.
Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Heart Failure
Authors: Pan Jonathan A. , Kramer Christopher M.
Published: June 2024

Heart failure (HF) is a clinical syndrome with a wide variety of clinical presentations, pathophysiologies, and natural histories. HF is becoming more prevalent globally, thus increasing effects on healthcare systems. Cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging is a valuable tool for better understanding HF and its prognosis. The commonly used reference standard of CMR cine imaging provides accurate assessment of chamber size and function. Phase contrast imaging can be used to assess the degree of valvular regurgitation and complex flow patterns. Stress perfusion imaging can detect subtle areas of ischemia and microvascular dysfunction. Late gadolinium enhancement imaging aids in diagnosing causes of HF and guiding revascularization in ischemic cardiomyopathy. Supported by histological validation, T1 and T2 mapping provides non-invasive information on tissue characteristics in inflammatory and infiltrative cardiomyopathies. CMR also provides various techniques to measure strain in the atria and ventricles at high spatial and temporal resolution. CMR continues to serve as an important modality for the evaluation of HF.
Implementacija novih tehnologija u zdravstvenim organizacijama: Kulturno-povijesna teorija aktivnosti
Authors: Masovic Jasmina
Published: June 2024

The implementation of new technologies in healthcare leads to the emergence of new practices that diverge from traditional medical procedures. Existing scientific literature observes that new technologies often contradict conventional treatment methods, thereby posing a threat to existing divisions of labor and responsibilities among healthcare professionals and their medical domains. It is expected that tensions and conflicts arising from these contradictions hinder the implementation of new technologies and procedures in healthcare organizations. However, this article challenges such assumptions, arguing that conflicts between old and new practices or among practices of different medical domains are actually one of the main drivers of innovation. Cultural-historical activity theory (Engeström, 1987; 2001; Blackler, 2009) promotes a dialectical approach to researching the implementation of new technologies in organizations. It contends that consensus between old and new, or between domain-specific practices is not necessary for new technologies to be successfully implemented, provided there is a shared goal of activity. On the contrary, contradictions and tensions between different ways of working are considered regular characteristics of activity systems during the introduction of new technologies in organizations. This article presents the results of a long-term case study on a hospital’s implementation of a new technology called Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation (TAVI) which is a minimally invasive cardiac procedure. The newly introduced procedure enables the treatment of previously inoperable patients suffering from aortic valve stenosis. During the five-year ethnographic study of its implementation, numerous contradictions and difficulties in the progress of this innovation were documented. By applying cultural-historical activity theory to the case, various contradictions initially thought to impede its progress were identified. However, it turns out that the expansion of doctors' activities and the transformation of aortic stenosis treatment arose precisely from these contradictions. Although generalizations cannot be drawn from case studies, this example demonstrates the utility of using cultural-historical activity theory in researching the modernization of healthcare organizations. Therefore, this article contributes to the development of new theoretical approaches and methods, urging researchers and theorists of technology implementation to re-examine the current understandings of these processes.
INSTITUTIONALIZING CUSTOMARY COURT IN INDONESIAN JUSTICE SYSTEM AS AN EFFORT TO REALIZE ACCESS TO JUSTICE RIGHT FOR INDIGENOUS PEOPLE
Authors: Mayastuti Anti , Trini H Luthfiyah , Lukitasari Diana
Published: June 2024

This study aims to find customary court institution form in an effort to reinstitute customary court in Indonesia. This research is a prescriptive doctrinal legal research, using statutory and conceptual approaches. The data used is secondary data in the form of primary legal materials, while data analysis technique used is qualitative non-positivistic using hermeneutic interpretation method. Customary disputes are included in the realm of material law that occur in the space of indigenous peoples, if they are resolved by a different formal legal institution, namely the general court as regulated in Law no. 21 of 2001 on Special Autonomy for Papua Province. In principle, the customary court is the last judiciary based on customary law, but efforts to obtain justice (access to justice) and the truth are the human rights of everyone. Therefore, everyone who seeks justice must be interpreted as the right to obtain fair recognition, guarantee, protection and legal certainty and be treated equally before the law. The idea of reviving customary justice is important because as a body of customary courts it is in charge of adjudicating customary law disputes that occur in the community.
Unleashing Justice's Future: The Dawn of Neuro-Cognitive Risk Assessments (NCRA) in Transforming Rehabilitation
Authors: Mulyadi Mahmud , Fernando Zico Junius , Putra Panca Sarjana , Anditya Ariesta Wibisono
Published: June 2024

Neuro-Cognitive Risk Assessments (NCRA) are an innovative breakthrough in the criminal justice system, focusing on the evaluation of cognitive and decision-making factors in the context of inmate recidivism risk. First introduced in Houston, Texas, in 2017, NCRA have demonstrated significant effectiveness, as evidenced by the Area Under the Curve (AUC) value of 0.70 in the 2020 study, marking an important advance in recidivism prediction. This research utilizes normative legal methods by adopting a conceptual, comparative, and futuristic-based approach. The nature of this research is descriptive-prescriptive. The collected data is analyzed using the content analysis method. The main advantages of NCRA lie in its focus on cognitive aspects and its ability to be operated independently through digital devices, which contributes to the reduction of bias and enhancement of objectivity. The global expansion of NCRA, with its implementation in countries such as Canada, the Netherlands, and Australia, demonstrates its recognition as a promising tool. The importance of ethical and responsible use of NCRA cannot be overlooked, with an emphasis on individual rights and the involvement of various stakeholders. The integration of NCRA in rehabilitation programs and public policies opens up opportunities to improve addressing the issue of recidivism. The tool plays a role in identifying individual needs, improving the prediction of rehabilitation success, and motivating the involvement of prisoners in the rehabilitation process. The NCRA also supports the formation of more effective public policies that focus on crime prevention.
Stem cell-conditioned medium improves methylation patterns and quality of caprine preantral follicles
Authors: Silva Ana Flávia B , Lima Laritza Ferreira , Sousa Renata Patrícia , Silva Renato Félix , Neves Gustavo Cardoso S , Carvalho Maria Acelina M , Ferreira Anna Clara A , Oliveira Ariclécio Cunha , Alves Benner Geraldo , Rodrigues Ana Paula R , Gastal Eduardo Leite , Bordignon Vilceu , Figueiredo José Ricardo
Published: June 2024

In brief

Conditioned medium from Wharton’s jelly mesenchymal stem cells improved tissue and preantral follicle outcomes, preventing adverse effects of oxidative stress, apoptosis, and epigenetic changes.

This study investigated the methylation patterns of H3K4me3 and H3K9me3, as well as the mRNA expression of genes encoding the epigenetic regulators KDM1AX1, KDM1AX2, and KDM3A in goat preantral follicles developed in vivo (Uncultured control) or after in vitro culture for 7 days in either the absence (α-MEM+) or presence of conditioned medium (α-MEM+ + CM) from Wharton’s jelly mesenchymal stem cells (WJ-MSCs). In the invivo setting, all follicular categories exhibited similar H3K4me3 and H3K9me3 patterns, and transcripts of KDM1AX1, KDM1AX2, and KDM3A were detected in all samples. During in vitro culture, α-MEM+ + CM enhanced several important aspects. It increased the percentage of normal growing follicles, oocyte diameters across all categories, stromal cell density, and the H3K4me3 methylation pattern in preantral follicles. Simultaneously, it decreased the levels of reduced thiols and reactive oxygen species in the spent media, diminished the presence of lipofuscin aggresomes, lowered granulosa cell apoptotic rates, and reduced the H3K9me3 methylation pattern in preantral follicles. In conclusion, the findings from this study provide compelling evidence that supplementing the in vitro culture medium (α-MEM+) with CM from WJ-MSCs has a protective effect on goat preantral follicles. Notably, CM supplementation preserved follicular survival, as evidenced by enhanced follicular and oocyte growth and increased stromal cell density when compared to the standard culture conditions in the α-MEM+ medium. Furthermore, CM reduced oxidative stress and apoptosis and promoted alterations in H3K4me3 and H3K9me3 patterns.
Ringol: deporte alternativo para las clases de Educación Física. Revisión sistemática de la literatura
Authors: González-Coto Víctor A. , Hernández-Beltrán Víctor , Torrado-Ferrera Cristina , Gámez-Calvo Luisa , Paulo Rui , Gamonales José M.
Published: June 2024

Introduction: Alternative Games and Sports arise with the intention of introducing new alternatives that make possible a more logical evolution of the game and sport, favouring motivation, participation, and enjoyment to escape from the monotony of traditional methodologies. Objetive: Therefore, the aim of this paper is to carry out a systematic review of the literature on the game and alternative sport Ringol. Methodology: For this, a document search has been carried out in the following databases: Google Scholar, Web of Science, Scopus and Sportdiscus. For the search of the documents, the following keywords have been used: "Ringol", "Physical education", and "Primary education", obtaining a final number of 6 valid documents, identified until November 2022. To limit the search and obtain the most appropriate documents, a series of inclusion and exclusion were established. Results: The results show that most of the documents are Academic Projects, written in Spanish and found in Google Scholar, with a predominance of Sports Information. Conclusions: The documents analyzed show that the main benefits of Ringol are egalitarian practice, the development of motor skills and actions such as participation, motivation, cooperation, and respect. The educational level where these projects are carried out is both Primary Education and Secondary Education. Finally, this review serves as a basis and guide for future research on the Ringol.
AAP Pediatric Coding Newsletter
™ July 2024 Quiz (Online Exclusive)
Authors:   American Academy of Pediatrics
Published: June 2024

Quiz for AAPC Continuing Education Units
Necessidade temporal em Buridan e Jandun
Authors: Alt Guido
Published: June 2024

O presente artigo investiga a conexão entre modalidade e tempo em dois mestres de artes Parisienses ativos na primeira metade do século 14, João Buridan (c.1290-c.1361) e João de Jandun (c.1286-c.1328). Busca-se elucidar a abordagem de ambos acerca da natureza dessa relação em um conjunto de textos pouco explorados nos debates sobre a interpretação de modalidades medievais, a saber, os comentários ao fim do primeiro livro do De Caelo de Aristóteles. A interpretação da relação entre o ‘necessário’ e o que ‘sempre é’ nesse texto recebera interpretações divergentes sobre a controversa assimilação de necessidade e omnitemporalidade em concepções pré-modernas das modalidades. Por meio da análise do debate em torno das passagens Aristotélicas do De Caelo, posto por ambos os filósofos pertencentes ao milieu da Faculdade de Artes em Paris, o artigo demonstra que tal assimilação não era consensual. Através do contraste entre as análises de Jandun e Buridan, conclui-se que, embora Buridan acomode a necessidade temporal pressuposta no De Caelo enquanto necessidade condicional, ele desenvolve uma crítica da validade geral dos argumentos de Aristóteles no que tange a modalidades absolutas.
Patterns of Dakwah Communication Among Youth Through Mamaos Cianjuran Culture
Authors: Sonjaya Rasman , Sari Irma Purnama , Dulwahab Encep
Published: June 2024

There are various strategies and media for preaching that preachers can carry out or use in their broadcasting activities. You can use local regional culture and arts that are familiar and used by the community for generations. As is often done by the people of the Cianjur area, West Java, who have a tradition of Mamaos Cianjuran songs which are famous outside the area. This research aims to examine the patterns of da'wah communication among Cianjur teenagers who use the Sundanese cultural approach Tembang Mamaos Cianjuran. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative. From the research results, it was found that there are three patterns of da'wah communication with a cultural approach to the Sundanese song Mamaos Cianjuran, namely: official communication patterns from the regional governments of Cianjur and West Java by making regulations to protect the heritage of the Sundanese song Mamaos Cianjuran; Playing Mamaos Cianjuran songs at various events in the community both formally and informally; Forming a community that teaches Sundanese culture Mamaos Cianjuran. It is hoped that the impact of the research will provide new insights into cultural and arts-based da'wah communication patterns for preachers. Apart from being a medium for spreading Islamic teachings, it can also be an inspiration in maintaining culture and arts which are increasingly being eroded by Western culture.
Da’wah Bil hal: A Study of Muhammadiyah's Social Movements in Wolo During the Political Dynamics of the Old and New Order Eras
Authors: Alifuddin Muhammad , Rosmini Rosmini , Iye Risman
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACTThis study aims to understand how Muhammadiyah in Wolo Kolaka implements da’wah bil hal (practical preaching) through its social movements and how these movements respond to the repressive and authoritarian political situation of that time. This study uses a descriptive-analytical method, incorporating observation, documentation, and interview techniques. The results show that Muhammadiyah in Wolo Kolaka demonstrates a strong commitment to spreading Islamic values and assisting the community through various social activities amidst complex political dynamics. Despite facing a closed political space and various obstacles, Muhammadiyah in Wolo Kolaka has managed to adapt and continue its social movements through careful strategies. They focus on non-controversial activities, build relationships with the government, maintain political neutrality, and shift the focus of their preaching towards community empowerment. The impact of Muhammadiyah's social movement in Wolo Kolaka may not be as rapid and significant as in more open eras. However, their contributions in the fields of education, health, and community empowerment at the local level remain significant. Their careful preaching strategy and focus on empowerment can have a long-term impact on building a more independent, critical, and Islamically-rooted society. Muhammadiyah's experience in Wolo Kolaka provides important lessons on the importance of adaptive and sustainable strategies in facing limited political spaces, as well as the significance of da’wah bil hal in creating a prosperous and faithful society.
Problems and Reorientation of Da’wah: Analysis of Social Construction in the Metaverse Era
Authors: Effendi Dudy Imanuddin , Mareta Mira , Sarbini Ahmad
Published: June 2024

The purpose of this study is expected to reveal social phenomena that emerge, such as the construction of social interactions, social changes, and emerging societal models in the metaverse era. This examination employs a critical method aimed at uncovering, explaining, and critiquing narratives about the social conditions occurring in metaverse-era society. Additionally, this investigation utilizes a virtual ethnography approach to understand and explain various depictions and consequences on the complex social world in the metaverse era, whether informed structurally or culturally through technological media. The hope is that the output of this study can map out the issues of da’wah with various detrimental social consequences resulting from technological disruption in the metaverse era. Similarly, the results of this study are expected to serve as an academic reference in formulating preaching policies in the metaverse era. This study has demonstrated the historical development of the interpretation of the term metaverse, the influence of technological schemes that have constructed social interactions, the character of dystopian society as a da’wah problem, and also the orientation of da’wah that must be designed to address social changes in the metaverse era.
The Saracen Connection
Authors: Wilson C Anne
Published: June 2024

The first part of this article appeared in PPC 7. The author concludes it here, and adds at the end a selection of English recipes for spinach over 600 years. The last of these, dated 1981, is her own and demonstrates in a personal manner that the effects of the Saracen Connection are still to be seen - and tasted- today.
The Kitchen Dresser
Authors: Hole Donna C
Published: June 2024

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The Eneolithic Bread Oven and Loaf of Bread
Authors: Johnson Maria
Published: June 2024

At the Oxford Symposium on National and Regional Styles of Cookery, 19 and 20 September, 1981, Maria Johnson presented a paper on 'North Balkan Food, Past and Present'. Part of this dealt with the exploitation of the cereals cultivated by the earliest European farmers, and the methods they evolved for transforming the harvested grain into forms suitable for daily consumption. She also read out, as a postscript to this part of her paper, a note of exceptional interest, which we reproduce here with the author's own illustrations. 
Maria Johnson has asked us to make clear, in publishing her note, that it will be for the archaeologist who made the discoveries to publish his findings in full, when he is able to do so; and that in acquainting us briefly with their nature and likely implications she seeks only to herald. not to anticipate, the full story and the expert opinions based on it, which - we all hope - will be published before long. 
We preface the note by explaining that the term 'eneolithic' (or aneolithic) is derived from the Latin aeneus, of copper, of bronze, and the Greek lithos, stone. The eneolithic period is part of the North Balkan copper age the transitional period from late stone to copper, characterised by finds of stone implements together with early copper artifacts.
French Cookbook Reprints
Authors: Hyman Philip , Hyman Mary
Published: June 2024

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Dutch Cookbooks Printed in the 16th and 17th Centuries
Authors: Meijer Berthe
Published: June 2024

The author gave a very interesting talk on this subject at the first Oxford Symposium in 1980. Very little information in English (or indeed in Dutch-see the end of the article) is available on this subject. So we asked Berthe Meijer to turn her speaking notes into an article, which she has kindly done. For those who are unfamiliar with current Dutch writing on food and food history, we should introduce her as one of the foremost practitioners in this field. The reports which she published in the Netherlands on the Oxford Symposia were the fullest to appear anywhere.
Soyer's Soups
Authors: Toomre Joyce
Published: June 2024

This essay is a section of a larger study funded in part by a Culinary Research Award from Radcliffe College 'to document Sayer's social concerns by analyzing each of his major cookbooks and specifying the dietary characteristics of each'. The three books were, as explained in the essay, directed at different audiences, and Joyce Toomre believes that a systematic comparison of them as regards range of recipes, variety of ingredients, methods of preparation and language of instruction will throw light, from an unusual angle, on the class structure of mid-Victorian society. The present essay, after introductory material, carries out such a comparison for soups.
'Aubergines Dursun'
Authors: Mardin Osman
Published: June 2024

The author lives and works in Brussels. The recipe given in his article is from Dursun Cevahir.
Effects of urease and cementing solution concentrations on micro-scale enzymatic mineralisation characteristics
Authors: Zhao Chang , Xiao Yang , Liu Hanlong , Chu Jian
Published: June 2024

Enzymatically induced carbonate precipitation holds significant promise in geotechnical engineering. The concentrations of urease enzyme and cementing solution play vital roles in precipitation behaviours under distinct injection strategies. In situ microscale experiments, conducted in S-shaped microchips, were aimed at exploring precipitation distribution characteristics and micro-clogging effects due to biological precipitation. In the one-phase continuous injection methods, elevated urease concentrations correlated with increased amorphous calcium carbonate formation and more heterogeneous distributions. Conversely, lower cementing solution concentrations produced larger, fewer crystals and more uniform distributions. Higher urease improved efficiency but increased cost, while lower cementing solution concentrations displayed efficient performance. Permeability reduction exhibited a power-law relationship with the precipitation area fraction. In the two-phase staged injection method, elevated urease concentrations fostered more regularly shaped crystals. Higher calcium ion concentrations could inhibit ureolysis rate, reducing precipitates. Higher urease concentrations proved beneficial in improving efficiencies. Permeability exhibited a marginal decrease initially, followed by a significant decline as the precipitation area fraction increased. The results offer microscale insights into concentration effects, aiding the understanding of upscaling mechanisms and numerical simulations.
Constituency in classifier expressions: Ch’ol and beyond
Authors: Dékány Éva
Published: June 2024

This paper considers recent arguments from the literature that have been deemed supportive of the view that in Ch’ol (Mayan) numerals and classifiers form a constituent to the exclusion of the noun, and evaluates proposed diagnostics for prob- ing NP-internal constituency cross-linguistically. I show that the purported diagnostics are unsuitable as adjudicators of constituency both cross-linguistically and internally to Ch’ol. This is because the data involved in the tests are not uniquely compatible with [[Num Cl] N]; they can also be captured on [Num [Cl N]].
ANATOMICAL NAME "VEIN" IN WRITTEN MONUMENTS OF A MEDICAL NATURE
Authors: Anciferova Ol'ga
Published: June 2024

The article summarizes information about the etymology and semantics of the anatomical term "vein" (or "sinew"). It provides examples of the usage of this lexeme in the written monuments of medical content from the 17th-18th centuries. The article notes that in a certain synchronous layer of the language, the term "vein" was used to refer to such anatomical objects as a vessel, nerve, and tendon, with differentiated meanings often clarified by contextual definitions. The peculiarities of fixing this name in the Dictionary of the Russian Academy of Sciences (1789-1794) are noted, the linguistic situation associated with the teaching of anatomy in medical schools of that time is commented on. Reflections are expressed on why there was no termination of the "vein" in anatomy. The linguistic facts that can serve as an addition to the materials of the Dictionary of the Russian language of the 18th century are revealed.
ANALYSIS OF LEXICOGRAPHICAL DEFINITION FOR THE CONCEPT "DEVICE" (ON THE MATERIAL OF RUSSIAN, ENGLISH AND GERMAN DICTIONARIES)
Authors: Sorokina El'vira , Rogova Margarita
Published: June 2024

Aim. To identify the peculiarities of lexicographic definition of one the key concepts in the technical branch of science – the concept of "device".
Methodology. An attempt is made to carry out a comparative analysis the verbalisation of the concept "device" in three languages: Russian, English and German, using the material of commonly used dictionaries.
Results. The differences and similarities in the use of the analysed term and its foreign language equivalents are revealed.
Research implications. The theoretical relevance of the conducted research is determined by the fact that the results make a certain contribution to the general theory of terminography. Practical value is related to the possible use of the linguistic material and the results of its analysis in the practical activity of a foreign language teacher, terminologists in practical and theoretical fields, in the general theory of languages for specific purposes.
A Formative Study Towards the Inclusion of Indigenous Technologies and Knowledge Practices in Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts, and Mathematics (STEAM) Curriculum Settings
Authors: O'Donoghue Rob , van Staden Wilma , Bhurekeni John , Snow-Macleod Janet , Ndlamlenze Lindiwe
Published: June 2024

This work on STEAM and education for sustainable development was undertaken across a series of collaborative case studies as formative research on the inclusion of Indigenous technologies and knowledge practices in teacher education. We noted that, despite the current academic imperative to decolonise southern African education, one seldom finds the inclusion of Indigenous technologies and Indigenous heritage practices in the contemporary classroom. Teachers we worked with were highly interested in their Indigenous knowledge heritage. Yet, they reported that they, and the young teachers they work with, simply do not have the heritage knowledge capital to include Indigenous knowledge systems in their teaching. Other challenges they face are the time it takes to engage community knowledge holders, and to find knowledge relating to school subject disciplines. The teachers observed that students prioritise modernity over Indigenous heritage and technologies, often undervaluing the latter as a forgotten past. Three exploratory cases delved into teacher education's response to challenges through co-engaged work, and this paper synthesises the emerging evidence-aiming to refine pedagogical tools for integrating Indigenous knowledge into STEAM education. A cultural-historical approach was used to frame the study and to derive insights and inferences in co-engaged lesson design research with teachers.
Is a Systemic Approach Necessary for Socio-Humanitarian Research?
Authors:   Institute of Philosophy, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Rozin Vadim
Published: June 2024

There are two points of view on the systemic approach and its use: according to the first, this approach is conceived as universal, suitable for any disciplines and practices, according to the second, it includes a specific objectivity, should grasp the features of a certain field of knowledge. In order to choose one of them, the author analyzes on the basis of two cases (“The Critique of Pure Reason” by I. Kant and the works of G.P. Shchedrovitsky) the formation and features of the systemic approach, showing that it is the design of an object of study in a special epistemic situation. Its feature is, on the one hand, the presence of several objects that describe the proposed object, on the other hand, the belief in the existence of an ontology and laws in accordance with which this object can be designed. The systemic approach in this version (as the configuration of various objects and the design of an object based on this process) is compared with humanitarian and socio-humanitarian research and development (A.S. Pushkin’s personality research and the successful Donor project), which make it possible to do without systemic ideas and thinking. They are replaced by methodology and research in the subject. The author draws attention to the fact that the ideas of identifying and searching for the integrity, nature and boundaries of the phenomenon under consideration, taking into account connections and influences, the correlation of synthesis and analysis, and a number of others that are today referred to as a systemic approach, were developed meaningfully (in other non-systemic concepts and languages) throughout the entire history of the development of philosophy, methodology and science. As a result, it turns out that it is necessary to distinguish between the methodology of a systemic approach and other methodologies that allow systemic problems and tasks to be solved, so to speak, non-systemically.
Humanities and Social Sciences: Epistemological Foundations
Authors:   Novosibirsk State University of Economics and Management, Russian Federation, Antipov Georgy
Published: June 2024

Scientific natural science, which had been established in European culture since the mid-17th century, began to transmit samples of scientific knowledge into the field of studying social reality. Until the 19th century, the only mental form of reflecting this reality was “primary history,” as Hegel defined it, i.e. tradition of historiography coming from Herodotus. This tradition received its design, oriented towards the field of scientific rationality, from the German historian Leopold von Ranke: to show “how it really was” (wie es eigentlich gewesen). Its social function is the formation of national historical memory. But methodological reflection at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries revealed, as it seemed to it, two radical differences between “primary history” and other “sciences of culture” from natural science. In this regard, the categories of “values” and “understanding” were emphasized. The presence of these categories in the foundations of any science determines its specification as a humanitarian science. The first attempts to transfer certain aspects of the disciplinary matrices of natural science to the sphere of social science are associated with the names of Kant and Marx. Both attempts were unsuccessful. But, unlike Kant’s, the “materialist understanding of history” found its supporters and successors. Its main error is the unlawful direct transfer of the semantic content of the category “matter”, as it developed in natural science (the relationships of things), to the relationships between people endowed with consciousness. The addressee of social sciences are cultural forms, the existence of which has an objective status of existence, but relative to the individual consciousness of acting people. These are, for example, social institutions. The humanities deal with meanings, the existence of which is determined by systems of social communications.
The Genesis of Science in the XVII Century: Experiments on the “Domestication” of Infinity
Authors:   Moscow State Pedagogical University, Russian Federation, Filatova Maria
Published: June 2024

The author of the article considers the problem of actual infinity to be the meta-basis of the genesis of New European science. The author shows the advantages of this approach to identify the internal logic of the genesis of science of the XVII century, as well as to clarify the prospects of modern science, experiencing a crisis of its foundations. The author shows that Nikolai Kuzansky’s ontological project reveals the conditions necessary for the mathematization of nature for the transformation of the finite into the actually infinite, which overcomes the hopelessness of Zeno’s similar attempts. Zeno showed that there is no transition from the finite to the actually infinite. To transform the fi nite into the actually infi nite, the latter must already be given. This kind of presence is revealed by Kuzansky in the apophatic idea of the divine minimum coinciding with the maximum. But at the same time, Kuzansky speaks only about the imaginary, and not the real possibility of transforming nature on the basis of actual infinity. And in order to turn ‘scientific ignorance’ into ‘scientific knowledge’, it was necessary to present, outside the theological context, the possibility of transforming nature on the basis of actual infinity, discovered by Kuzansky. This task was set by the founders of the New European science. The author of the article analyzes and compares the attempts of Galileo and Descartes to ‘tame’ the actual infinity. The author shows that the difference in their positions on the question of the achievability of reliable knowledge, which laid important milestones in the history of the genesis of New European science (the transition from the scholastic tradition to probabilistic epistemology), is due to the awareness of the complexity of the problem of actual infinity. As a result, the author shows that neither the theoretical speculations of the founders of science, nor the attraction of modern additional resources unknown to antiquity or the Middle Ages (experiment, pinhole camera) were unable to change anything in the ratio of the finite and the infinite.
Eurasianism before Eurasians
Authors:   Novosibirsk State University of Economy and Management, Russian Federation, Likhomanov Igor
Published: June 2024

The article examines the genesis of the Eurasian ideology of the 1920–1930s from the point of view of discourse analysis. Discourse is defi ned as a set of statements refl ecting different points of view on the same issue. In accordance with this defi nition, the author isolates the Eurasian discourse from two adjacent ones - the pre-revolutionary imperial and religious-philosophical. The problematics of pre-revolutionary imperial discourse were focused on justifying the right of Russian tsars to own lands and peoples within the existing borders of the empire, as well as the right to expand these borders. The religious and philosophical discourse about Russia was built around the question of its divine purpose in the history of mankind. In contrast, Eurasian discourse focuses on ethnocultural synthesis within the boundaries of a special geographical area, most of which is located within the Russian state. But before the revolution of 1917, this problem was not considered at all in this formulation. The predecessors of Eurasianism include only a few authors who recognized and positively assessed the Turkic-Mongol infl uence on the Russian mentality and statehood. However, by the beginning of the twentieth century, the prevailing tendency was to downplay or deny this infl uence altogether. The turn to the Eurasian issues is associated with the work of symbolist poets A. Blok and A. Bely. Being infl uenced by the religious and mystical prophecy of the philosopher V. Solovyov, they accepted the revolutionary upheavals of the early twentieth century, as the awakening of the “inner East” in the Russian people. Together with other representatives of the Russian intelligentsia, they were the creators of the Eurasian myth, born in the elements of revolution and civil war. The founders of the Eurasian movement rationalized this myth, reducing it to political ideology. This was a version of the new imperial ideology, which explained and justifi ed the preservation of a united and indivisible Russia within its former borders.
Behavioral Economics in the Context of a Crisis Situation: Research and Conclusions
Authors:   Plekhanov Russian University of Economics, Moscow, Russian Federation, Dzhandzhugazova Elena
Published: June 2024

This article is devoted to the problems of behavioral economics, which defines the boundaries of rational consumer choice and studies models and scenarios of consumer behavior. The author examined the features of consumer behavior in the context of economic and geopolitical crises that modern Russia has gone through from the 1990s to the present. The article provides a periodization of crises, taking into account their specifics, causes and consequences. The research included an analysis of models and scenarios of consumer behavior during the acute phase of the crisis period in 2022, a comparative analysis of the cost structure; indices of the decline and growth of spending on the main categories of goods and services were given, and the readiness of consumers to refuse purchases was analyzed. Significant attention in the work was paid to a comparative analysis of the main trends in consumer behavior during the crisis of 1997–1998 and the crisis of 2022, during which it was noted that consumer behavior is influenced by the increased maturity of markets and the preparedness of the public administration system for crisis situations. It is concluded that it is necessary to take into account the growing role of consumer behavior that deviates from the usual rational models, which emphasizes the need to develop new forms for building the economic policy of government bodies. In conclusion, the author focuses special attention on the fact that when making management decisions on the formation of programs to support industries and sectors of the economy, it is necessary to take into account emerging models and scenarios of consumer behavior.
Flow Method in Diagnostics of Threats to National Economic Security of Russia
Authors:   Omsk State Transport University, Russian Federation, Poltoradneva Natalya
Published: June 2024

The work identifies the problem of discrepancy between the rapidly growing importance of national economic security (NES) of Russia and the degree of its scientific elaboration according to such criteria as clarity in defining the subject of NES, methodology for studying NES, mechanisms for connecting scientific research with education and practice of NES. The article is devoted to the study of the dynamics of teacher and scientist staff. The research is carried out using a new method developed by the author – the Flow Method. The novelty of the Flow Method begins with a change in the idea of the object of study. In traditional approaches, an object is fixed, and is studied from different sides in different periods of time; the Flow Method focuses the researcher’s attention on the movement of resource flows in the economic environment. In such a movement of resources, the following are distinguished: inflows, outflows, accumulations. Normally, the movement of resources is balanced. It is appropriate to consider sanctions as the most important component of a hybrid war, aimed at unbalancing the resources of the national economy by blocking flows. The study showed that the representation of the movement of resources by the Flow Method differs from traditional representations in statistics and accounting. Approbation of the Method in diagnosing the state of personnel in scientific and educational institutions showed strategic threats to the national security of the Russian Federation. Since 2015, the number of scientists and teachers with an academic degree has been continuously decreasing. The flow method allows us to dispel the myth that if scientists leave region A, they will simply work in another region. This study refutes such a hypothesis. Scientists, in particular, can change their specialty, leave the country, etc. The noted situation is similar for all 16 cities with a population of over a million in Russia, including Moscow and St. Petersburg and 18 constituent entities of the Russian Federation. The influx of young scientists is decreasing while the workforce continues to age. If we ignore the results obtained, then in 5–10 years, for example, the Omsk region will begin to lose the ability to train specialists with higher education, not to mention candidates and doctors of science. A similar situation awaits other regions.