bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
MHD flow properties due to a porous rotating disk in a mixed convective fluid flow with buoyancy and radiation
Authors: Raphael Ehikhuemhen Asibor  , Celestine Friday Osudia
Published: March 2023

The importance and differs applications of Magnetohydrodynamics, MHD and mixed convective flow through a porous medium has led to investigation of buoyancy force and thermal radiation on the flow. The modeled ordinary differential equations were transformed by means of similarity transformation into partial differential equations. The resulting equations were solved using Nachtsheim–Swigert iteration technique. The obtained results were conformed to existing ones, and displayed on tables and through graphs. In conclusion the investigated parameters have significant effects on the flow. Close to the boundary positive values of y is found to give rise to the familiar inflection point profile leading to the destabilization of the laminar flow. Strong injection also leads to the similar destabilization effect. Also, hall parameter m has an interesting effect on the radial and axial velocity profiles. For large values of m(>2.0), the resistive effects of the magnetic field are diminished and hence the radial and axial velocity profiles decrease with the increase of m, among others.
Impact of chelator treatment on post-transfusion hemochromatosis in thalassemic patients under Deferasirox
Authors: Bachir NABTI  , Amina BAHLOUL  , Djamel BOUKHALFA
Published: March 2023

The management of beta thalassemia may require periodic blood transfusions, iron chelation therapy, and bone marrow or stem cell transplantation. This study is a descriptive retrospective analysis of clinical, biological, and therapeutic parameters to evaluate the impact and effectiveness of chelation therapy in managing post-transfusional hemochromatosis in 26 β-thalassemia patients treated at the Hussein Dey University Hospital Center in Algiers, Algeria. The results of this study show a certain correlation between the doses of iron chelators taken and the improvement in ferritin levels and creatinine clearance, which is indicative of a reduction in renal function impairment. Five profiles were identified based on this relationship. The study also found that all patients had normal kidney function, but there was a tendency towards a decrease in creatinine clearance, necessitating continuous monitoring. It is important to note that even with careful monitoring, complications of thalassemia may occur gradually and at a late onset. This study highlights the need to integrate pharmaceutical practices and introduce the concept of clinical pharmacy to improve adherence to long-term chelation therapy and ultimately enhance survival in children with major thalassemia.
Aspek Filosofis Kepemilikan Bersama Paten dalam Hubungan Dinas Oleh Inventor Aparatur Sipil Negara dan Instansi Pemerintah dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 13 Tahun 2016 Tentang Paten
Authors: Dharmawan Ananda Fersa
Published: March 2023

Paten yang dihasilkan dalam hubungan dinas merupakan salah satu penyumbang terbesar paten dalam negeri. Negara Indonesia juga telah memberikan payung hukum guna melindungi legalitas status paten dalam hubungan dinas dalam Pasal 13 ayat (1) Undang-Undang Nomor 13 Tahun 2016 tentang Paten (UU Paten 2016). Namun demikian, ketentuan yang menjadi dasar hukum dari pengaturan paten dalam hubungan dinas khususnya terkait hubungan hukum kepemilikan paten tidak berkesesuaian dengan konsep pengaturan umum kepemilikan paten yang dianut dalam Pasal-Pasal lainnya, seperti Pasal 1 angka 6 dan Pasal 10 ayat (1). Pasal 1 angka 6 menentukan bahwa kepemilikan atas paten yang dihasilkan hanya diperuntukkan bagi satu pihak atau kepemilikan tunggal dan selanjutnya ditentukan dalam Pasal 10 ayat (1) bahwa pihak yang berhak memperoleh paten hanyalah orang-perorang (rechtpersoon) semata bukan termasuk badan hukum, sedangkan di sisi lain Pasal 13 ayat (1) hakikatnya langsung mengarahkan kepemilikan paten yang dihasilkan dalam hubungan dinas dimiliki secara bersama-sama oleh Instansi Pemerintah dan Inventor yang menghasilkan paten. Pengaturan Pasal 13 ayat (1) yang berbeda sendiri dengan pengaturan senada di Pasal-Pasal lainnya tentu akan menimbulkan pertanyaan mengenai konsep, asas, dan teori yang mendasari keberadaannya. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian hukum yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan dan pendekatan konseptual sebagai upaya untuk menjawab permasalahan ini. Artikel ini menyarankan upaya sinkronisasi antar Pasal yang mengatur kepemilikan paten, khususnya terkait kepemilikan bersama paten dan juga membahas serta menyarankan agar dianutnya konsep kepemilikan bersama atas paten yang dihasilkan dalam hubungan dinas pada setiap peraturan pelaksana yang mengatur paten yang dihasilkan dalam hubungan dinas.
Optimalisasi Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Pelaku Usaha Dalam Pendaftaran Merk Usaha Keripik Nenas Di Desa Rimbo Panjang
Authors: Dasrol Dasrol , Elpha Darnia Meriza
Published: March 2023

Kegiatan yang sedangmenjadifenomenaadalahmelakukanusaha. Masyarakat mencukupikebutuhanhidupnyadenganmemproduksi dan menjualbarang-barang yang adadisekitarnyasepertimasyarakat di desarimbo Panjang yang menjadipelakuusaha di bidangkeripiknenas. Ada sekitar 200 (dua ratus) usahakeripik nanas di desaRimbo Panjang. Karena nenasmerupakanhasilpertanian yang ikonik di daerahrimbo Panjang. Pelakuusahainiberlomba-lombauntukmembuatcirikhas pada keripiknenasnyadenganmembuatmerek pada kripiknenas yang merekaproduksi.Jenispenelitianiniadalahpenelitianhukumsosiologis, yaitupenelitianberupastudiempiris yang untukmenemukanteori-teorimengenai proses terjadinya dan mengenai proses bekerjanyahukumdalammasyarakat. Penelitianinibertujuanuntukmendatagunamembantumasyarakatmengetahuipentingnyapendaftaranmerekbagiusahanya. Karena masihbanyak para pelakuusahakeripiknenasini yang terkendaladalampendaftaranmerekusahakeripiknenasini.
PIDANA MATI DITINJAU DARI SUDUT PANDANG HAK ASASI MANUSIA
Authors: Rahmadan Davit
Published: March 2023

Dalam rancangan KUHP yang baru pidana mati merupakan pidanayang bersifat khusus. Karena pidana mati dalam praktek selalumenimbulkan suatu perdebatan. Diantara yang setuju adanyapidana mati tersebut. Bahwa pidana mati menurut pandangan UUD45 setelah di Amandemen dan Undang Undang HAM tidak relevanlagi untuk dipertahankan dalam KUHP nasional yang barn diIndonesia maupun dalam ketentuan diluar KUHP dengan alasan:Karena pidana mati bertentangan dengan jiwa yang ada dalam UUD1945 dan Undang Undang Nomor 39 Tahun 1999 tentangHAM.Bahwa pidana mati menunjukkan ketidakmampuan negaramendidik narapidana kearah yang lebih baik.Bahwa jika teijadikekeliruan dalam putusan Hakim tidak dapat diperbaiki lagi. Bahwapidana mati adalah tidak lain dan pembunuhan yang dilegalisir,sebab Allah melarang melakukan pembunuhan.
IMPLEMENTASI POLITIK HUKUM DALAM PENGADAAN TANAH BAGI PELAKSANAAN PEMBANGUNAN UNTUK KEPENTINGAN UMUM
Authors: Hasanah Ulfia
Published: March 2023

Kebijakan pemerintah yang sering menimbukan permasalahan di masyarakat adalah mengenai pengadaan tanah untuk kepentingan umum, terutama yang berkaitan dengan pencabutan hak, terkait dengan pemberian ganti rugi yang tidak sesuai dengan kesepakatan antara pemilik tanah dengan pemerintah, sesuai dengan harga yang sewajarnya. Implementasi pelaksanaan pengadaan tanah untuk Kepentingan umum belum sesuai dengan aturan sebagimana diatur dalam Perpres 36 Tahun 2005 yang kemudian diubah dengan Perpres 65 Tahun 2006 tentang Pengadaan Tanah Bagi Pelaksanaan Pembangunan untuk kepentingan umum .
Enhancement of the behaviour of reinforced concrete dapped end beams including single-pocket loaded by a vertical concentrated force
Authors: Shakir Qasim M. , Hamad Sarah A.
Published: March 2023

In precast building construction, some beams are designed to support one or several concentrated loads resulting from the reactions of the attached cross beams. Consequently, the pocket beams without or with dapped ends may represent one of the innovative solutions to constitute the joints between the two attached members. In the present research work, the behaviour of dapped end beams that included rectangular opening loaded with in-plane force, have been investigated. Several detailing have been proposed, in addition the vertical stirrups, to improve the strength of the opening region including the use of steel fibre concrete (SFC),Configuration of the inclined crossed bars, jacketing with steel plates and the composite section technique with two arrangements of the reinforcement of the dapped end . Ten specimens have been tested under gradually increased vertical static loading. The tested specimens are categorized into two sets based on the configuration of dapped end reinforcement. Two variable have been considered which are the strengthening configuration of the opening region and the configuration of the dapped end reinforcement. The response has been discussed in terms several indicators including, the cracking and failure loads, maximum deflection, mode of failure, load-deflection curves, crack patterns, crack width, to recognize the optimum strengthening proposal of the opening. Results revealed that using the inclined steel bars (modified arrangement) yield better response than the conventional (standard) reinforcement (vertical stirrups) within the dapped end. For beams with pockets strengthened with crossed inclined bars, failure load enhanced in range of (8.5-11%) whereas the enhancement was in ranged in (8-10%) for the steel SFC method. Moreover, an improvement by about (11-13%) in load capacity increased when the jacketing with steel plates was applied. The maximum improvement was obtained when using the embedded rolled section within the opening with values of (21-23%).
A Study on Redemptive Right in Agriculture
Authors:   Korean Association of Agricultural and Food Policy, Kim Yun-shik
Published: March 2023

The redemption right, or the right to repurchase, is generally given to legal entities to guarantee their ownership of the Constitution. The repurchase right is currently prescribed in three acts, the Civil Act, the Act on Acquisition of and Compensation for Land for Public Works Projects, and the Korea Rural Community Corporation and Farmland Management Fund Act. However, there are some differences in meaning, validating points and conditions, and related entities of respective law. In 2020 the article prescribing the 10-year redemption right of the Act on Acquisition of and Compensation for Land for Public Works Projects was adjudicated that the article is not compatible with the property right of the Constitution by the Constitutional Court of Korea. Upon the adjudication, the question has arisen whether it affects the repurchase right of the Korea Rural Community Corporation and Farmland Management Fund Act or not. If it does, the related article should be revised and the related policy should also be changed. However, if it does not, the government and the corporation can keep the current policy without any change in the article. Reviewing the applicability of the adjudication to the Korea Rural Community Corporation and Farmland Management Fund Act, it is concluded that the redemption right of the Act is different from that of the Act on Acquisition of and Compensation for Land for Public Works Projects and that there is no need to apply the adjudication to agriculture.
Phantasien der Spaltung
Authors: Gränitz Saskia
Published: March 2023

Der Beitrag fußt auf der Beobachtung, dass diesseits der Zone der Wohnungslosigkeit eine Grauzone der Wohnungsnot existiert, die längst schon Durchschnittsverdienende betrifft. Der Übergang zwischen beiden Zonen ist jedoch fließend und in Zeiten allgegenwärtiger Prekarität erfolgt die Abgrenzung eher auf symbolischer als auf materieller Ebene. An einem empirischen Fallbeispiel zeigt dieser Beitrag, wie affektive, alltagspraktische und politische Grenzen ›gegen die da unten‹ gerade von jenen gezogen werden, die sich selbst der ›gesellschaftlichen Mitte‹ zurechnen. Denn die selbsternannte ›Mitte‹ – seit jeher zusammengehalten von ihrer Angst vor Spaltung – stabilisiert sich gerade in Krisenzeiten durch projektive Phantasien der Spaltung. Im Subjekt fungiert die Realangst vor dem sozialen Abstieg als Katalysator. Biographische Krisenerfahrungen wirken als Einfallstor für rassistische und sozialchauvinistische Ressentiments gegenüber Menschen, die ›noch schlechter‹ wohnen oder gar kein Dach über dem Kopf haben. Am tiefenhermeneutisch interpretierten Interviewmaterial werden projektive Phantasien als Statuskampf im Kontext Wohnungsnot gedeutet. Dieser Kampf ist kein emanzipatorischer, denn er basiert auf Ressentiment und Spaltung und konterkariert solidarische Formen des Umgangs mit der Wohnungskrise.
Experiment ended
Authors: Robinson Jonny
Published: March 2023

Impact of Increased Funding for Science in the US
Role of Taylor Bubble in Drilling Engineering : A Narrative Overview
Authors: Ghafoor Laiba
Published: March 2023

Role of Taylor Bubble in Drilling Engineering : A Narrative Overview
Continuous isolated noise sources induce repeating waves in the coda of ambient noise correlations
Authors: Schippkus Sven , Safarkhani Mahsa , Hadziioannou Celine
Published: March 2023

Continuous excitation of isolated noise sources leads to repeating wave arrivals in cross correlations of ambient seismic noise, including throughout their coda. These waves propagate from the isolated sources. We observe this effect on correlation wavefields computed from two years of field data recorded at the Gräfenberg array in Germany and two master stations in Europe. Beamforming the correlation functions in the secondary microseism frequency band reveals repeating waves incoming from distinct directions to the West, which correspond to well-known dominant microseism source locations in the Northeastern Atlantic Ocean. These emerge in addition to the expected acausal and causal correlation wavefield contributions by boundary sources, which are converging onto and diverging from the master station, respectively. Numerical simulations reproduce this observation. We first model a source repeatedly exciting a wavelet, which helps illustrate the fundamental mechanism behind repeated wave generation. Second, we model continuously acting secondary microseism sources and find good agreement with our observations. Our observations and modelling have potentially significant implications for the understanding of correlation wavefields and monitoring of relative velocity changes in particular. Velocity monitoring commonly assumes that only multiply scattered waves, originating from the master station, are present in the coda of the correlation wavefield. We show that repeating waves propagating from isolated noise sources may dominate instead, including the very late coda. Our results imply that in the presence of continuously acting noise sources, which we show is the case for ordinary recordings of ocean microseisms, velocity monitoring assuming scattered waves may be adversely affected with regard to measurement technique, spatial resolution, as well as temporal resolution. We further demonstrate that the very late coda of correlation functions contains useful signal, contrary to the common sentiment that it is dominated by instrument noise.
Social truth queries: Development of a new user-driven intervention for countering online misinformation
Authors: Jalbert Madeline , Wack Morgan , Arya Pragya , Williams Luke
Published: March 2023

The spread of false information on social media is a growing problem that has necessitated the development of interventions to reduce its impact. We tested the potential effectiveness of social “truth queries” — user replies that draw attention to truth — as a novel intervention for reducing the impact of false information shared on social media. Participants were shown Tweets containing false information that appeared with user replies containing truth queries (Experiments 1-3), no replies (Experiments 1-3), or user replies unrelated to truth (Experiments 2-3) and asked to judge either the truth of the information contained in the Tweet or their likelihood of sharing it. We consistently found that social truth queries reduce belief in and reported intent to share Tweets containing false information compared to no replies or replies unrelated to truth. The findings suggest the usefulness of truth queries as a simple, flexible, user-driven approach to addressing online misinformation.
The possibility of using virtual reality in the treatment of children with autism spectrum disorders
Authors: Morozov Aliaksandr , Makarevich Pavel , Kutas Volha , Sinitsa Tatsiana , Davidovich Hanna , Elsharkawy Osama , Lisavets Aliaksandr
Published: March 2023

This article discusses the use of virtual reality (VR) in the treatment of attention problems in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Children with ASD often have difficulty filtering out irrelevant stimuli in their environment, which can lead to attention difficulties. We have created a VR application with a controlled environment that allows specialists to work on the attention problems of children with ASD. The virtual reality headset creates an immersive environment that allows the child to concentrate on the training process with the specialist. The article details the methodology of using this VR application, including its different stages, and the therapist's role in setting various application parameters. The article also discusses the results of a pilot study conducted with four children, which showed that the use of VR helped the children become more independent, attentive, and calmer. Objective assessments were also used to evaluate the effectiveness of the method. The article concludes that VR technology has the potential to be an effective tool for treating attention problems in children with ASD.
УКРАЇНСЬКА НАЦІОНАЛЬНА ІДЕЯ У ТВОРЧОСТІ МАРКА ЧЕРЕМШИНИ
Authors: Стеф’юк (Олещук) І. І.
Published: March 2023

За формулюванням Василя Стефаника, з душі Івана Семанюка (Марка Черемшини) «виходило два коридори» – його громадська та літературно-лірична іпостасі, які не перетиналися. Проте у руслі трактування означеної нами теми – «Українська національна ідея у творчості Марка Черемшини» – простежується виразний взаємозв`язок із громадсько-політичним осердям світогляду Івана Семанюка, доктора права, адвоката та громадського діяча. Адже значною мірою його власні бачення націєтворення лягли в основу змалювання образу державного лідера.
Мета нашого дослідження – з’ясувати, як корелювалися письменницька та громадсько-політична іпостасі Йвана Семанюка (Марка Черемшини) та проаналізувати, які з окреслених письменником націєтворчих акцентів перегукуються із сьогоденням.
Актуальність роботи полягає в тому, що хронотопна панорама тексту Марка Черемшини чи не вперше розглядається крізь призму націєцентричних векторів. Окрім того, в умовах російсько-української війни особливої актуальності набуває не так дослідження, як предмет зображення – тобто сама художня та мемуарна спадщина Марка Черемшини, адже історія знову повторюється. Окремо характеризуються дві праці Марка Черемшини, які з ідеологічних причин або були заборонені до друку взагалі (казка-билиця «Райска птиця»), або публікувалися з фрагментами і не розглядалися серед його повноцінних творів («Йордан»).
Варто підкреслити, що на порозі 150-літнього ювілею Марка Черемшини дослідження маловідомих граней його творчості ще раз увиразнює потребу повторного, повнішого прочитання творчої спадщини Марка Черемшини.
Теоретико-методологічною основою цього дослідження стали здобутки українського літературознавства – знані праці І. Франка, О. Засенка, Б. Мельничука, Р. Піхманця, С. Хороба, О. Слоньовської, Р. Чопика та багатьох інших авторитетних дослідників.
У процесі дослідження ми послуговувалися таким методологічним інструментарієм: культурно-історичний, міфологічний, біографічний, герменевтичний метод, застосовували також окремі постулати методу екзистенційної інтерпретації тексту.
ЮРІЙ МОРАЧЕВСЬКИЙ У ЛИСТАХ ДО СЕМЕНА СТЕФАНИКА
Authors: Баран Є.М.
Published: March 2023

У статті вперше публікуються листи Юрія Морачевського (1896-1935) до найстаршого сина письменника-новеліста Василя Стефаника – Семена (1904-1981), який був правником, а в радянський час на державних посадах. Листи датовані 1927-1933 роками, і стосуються родинних і громадських справ.
Листи надані для публікації Мотрею Стефаник, невісткою Кирила Васильовича Стефаника.
СПОСОБИ РЕАЛІЗАЦІЇ ОЗНАЧЕНОСТІ СИНТАКСИЧНОЇ ОСОБИ В ПОЛЬСЬКІЙ МОВІ
Authors: Корпало О. Р.
Published: March 2023

Категорія особи займає важливе місце серед семантико-граматичних категорій, що впливають як на будову реченнєвої  моделі, так і на формування комунікативного процесу. Ця категорія належить до однієї з найбільш складних і суперечливих, через що постійно викликає зацікавлення багатьох учених. Незважаючи на активне студіювання, категорія особи потребує комплексного вивчення на тлі всієї граматичної структури мови, що й зумовлює актуальність дослідження. Мета статті – здійснити аналіз семантико-граматичної категорії особи в польській мові як міжрівневої категорії у реченнях із семантикою означеності. Опираючись у реченні на морфологічну особу (словозмінну категорію особи дієслова, лексико-граматичну категорію особи займенника та іменника), синтаксична особа за своєю граматичною природою відрізняється від неї значенням, засобами вираження, багатоаспектністю, найважливішою ознакою якої є дейктичність, тобто вказівка на учасників мовленнєвого акту. Адресант і адресат є ключовими поняттями висловлення, вказівка на їх протиставлення або відсутність такого протиставлення є одним із основних і обов’язкових ознак речення.
Мотивуючи статус категорії синтаксичної особи, опираємось на те, що синтаксична семантика – це передусім семантика відношень. Агенсивне значення є компонентом об’єктивного плану категорії синтаксичної особи і відображає відношення „діяч-дія”, при цьому діяч може бути представлений як означений, неозначений або узагальнений. Новизна дослідження полягає в тому, що аналіз означеності особи в польській мові здійснено з позицій структурно-семантичного підходу до мовних явищ. Означеність особи-діяча виражають двоскладні, означено-особові, безособові та інфінітивні речення, у структурі яких експліцитно чи імпліцитно є вказівка на виконавця дії чи носія стану (агенса). Існують різні способи репрезентації означеного агенса: морфологічний, лексико-морфологічний, морфолого-синтаксичний, контекстуально-ситуативний, інтонаційно-синтаксичний. На означеність особи в польській мові вказують насампепред особові закінчення дієслів-присудків у формах 1-ої та 2-ої особи однини і множини (морфологічний спосіб) разом з особовими займенниками відповідної особи (у такому разі слід говорити про лексико-морфологічний спосіб) або без них. При морфолого-синтаксичному способі конкретний діяч виражається не називним, а непрямими відмінками іменників та особових займенників.
Практична цінність. Отримані результати будуть корисними в навчальних цілях при вивченні польської мови як іноземної, у процесі викладання теоретичних курсів із граматики, у підготовці підручників і навчальних посібників із синтаксису сучасної польської мови.
ПОХОРОННИЙ ОБРЯД «ГРУШКА» У ГУЦУЛЬСЬКОМУ ТЕКСТІ МИХАЙЛА КОЦЮБИНСЬКОГО, МАРКА ЧЕРЕМШИНИ І ПЕТРА ШЕКЕРИКА-ДОНИКОВА
Authors: Салій О. Р.
Published: March 2023

У статті йдеться про смерть як явище, що міцно вкорінилося в гуцульській культурі, філософії життя горян. Тому всі письменники, які писали про цей край, розвивали тему смерті у своїх творах. Гуцули жили у циклі обрядово-магічного часу, куди смерть входила як природний феномен. Тому одним з важливих елементів їхньої похоронної обрядовості були ігри біля покійника, окремі з яких мали еротичний характер. Цей обряд, в якому жаль сплітався з веселощами, а смерть з життям, ввели в сюжет своїх художніх творів М. Коцюбинський, Марко Черемшина та П. Шекерик-Доників. Тож це дослідження про те, як кожен з них опрацьовував цю тему, чому цей обряд був важливий, що означав для гуцулів тоді і яке значення відіграє сьогодні як елемент гуцульського художнього тексту.
Practical experience in developing an online educational course for advanced training of nurses
Authors: Rakshina Natalia Sergeevna , Sokolova Elena Valerevna
Published: March 2023

The article considers an example of the development of methodological support for the online course "Topical issues of nursing care in geriatrics" on the basis of the medical College of Surgut State University. Purpose: development of new educational competencies by specialists with secondary professional medical education. The course is designed to improve the qualifications of nurses in a completely offline online mode. The scheme of step-by-step content design, pedagogical design, approaches to the selection of content for the target audience, forms of material submission and control are presented.
Developing neural-based hardware and soft ware complex with a mobile application for monitoring apple fruits on tree canopy
Authors: Smirnov I. G. , Kutyrev A. I. , Khort D. O. , Tumaeva T. A. , Burmenko Yu. V.
Published: March 2023

The paper presents a soft ware and hardware complex with a mobile application based on a neural network, designed to identify apple fruits on tree canopy, to count their number, to determine the quantity of fruits affected by diseases, as well as to estimate the growth rate of apple fruits and, thus, to calculate the total yield during the growing season. The developed soft ware and hardware complex consists of a photo (image) collection unit with client soft ware (a mobile application, a digital camera), a unit for processing the obtained images, which includes a database and a neural network, and a unit for interpretation of the obtained data. A neural network based on VGG-16 and SSD architecture was developed to identify apple fruits on the tree canopy for evaluating apple fruits and distinguishing sound fruits and those affected by disease. Training of the neural network was based on the selected classes of sound red and green apple fruits, and apple fruits affected by diseases – scab, powdery mildew, fruit rot, as well as mechanical damage. The soft ware runs and operates on Ubuntu operating system, a mobile application – on Android. The soft ware package and mobile application are capable of processing incoming photos (images) online, as well as to use previously captured photos. The generated database collects structured information about all field measurements and calculations of the number of apple fruits on the planting rows under study. The experiments conducted on an industrial apple plantation showed that the accuracy of estimating the total number of fruits on the tree canopy compared to the true value was 94.7%, the accuracy of calculating the number of affected fruits was 90.4%. When technical requirements for the server and requirements for images are met, the average recognition rate does not exceed 0.6 seconds per image, the average segmentation rate of the apple fruits from the background does not exceed 0.8 seconds per image, the average speed of analyzing one image and obtaining the recognition result does not exceed 1.5 seconds.
Clinical presentation, hemorrhage risk, and outcome in patients with familial cavernous malformations: a pragmatic prospective analysis of 75 patients
Authors: Alalfi Mohammed O. , Lanzino Giuseppe , Flemming Kelly D.
Published: March 2023

OBJECTIVE

Newly diagnosed patients with a familial cavernous malformation (FCM) and their families are concerned about their future outlook, which is scarcely discussed in the literature. The authors studied a prospective contemporary cohort of patients with FCMs to assess demographics, mode of presentation, prospective risk of hemorrhage and seizures, need for surgery, and functional outcome over an extended interval.

METHODS

A prospectively maintained database beginning January 1, 2015, of patients diagnosed with a cavernous malformation (CM) was queried. Data on demographics, radiological imaging, and symptoms at first diagnosis were collected in adult patients who gave their consent to prospective contact. Follow-up was done using questionnaires, in-person visits, and medical record review to assess for prospective symptomatic hemorrhage (i.e., the first hemorrhage after enrollment in the database), seizure, functional outcome measured by the modified Rankin Scale (mRS), and treatment. The prospective hemorrhage rate was calculated by the number of prospective hemorrhages divided by patient-years of follow-up censored at last follow-up, first prospective hemorrhage, or death. A Kaplan-Meier curve of survival free of hemorrhage was obtained comparing patients with versus without hemorrhage at the time of presentation and compared with a log-rank test for p < 0.05.

RESULTS

A total of 75 patients with FCM were included, of whom 60% were female. The mean age at diagnosis was 41 ± 16 years. Most symptomatic or large lesions were located supratentorially. At first diagnosis, 27 patients had no symptoms, and the remaining were symptomatic. Over an average of 9.9 years, the rate of prospective hemorrhage was 4.0% per patient-year, and the rate of new seizure was 1.2% per patient-year, with 64% and 32% of patients experiencing at least one symptomatic hemorrhage and at least one seizure, respectively. Thirty-eight percent of the patients underwent at least 1 surgery and 5.3% underwent stereotactic radiosurgery. At the last follow-up, 83.0% of patients remained independent with an mRS score ≤ 2.

CONCLUSIONS

The authors’ findings provide clinically useful information on hemorrhage rate, seizure rate, the likelihood of surgery, and functional outcome. These findings can be helpful to practicing physicians when counseling patients with FCM and their families, who are often apprehensive about their future and well-being.
Building consensus for the medical management of children with moderate and severe acute spinal cord injury: a modified Delphi study
Authors: CreveCoeur Travis S. , Alexiades Nikita G. , Bonfield Christopher M. , Brockmeyer Douglas L. , Browd Samuel R. , Chu Jason , Figaji Anthony A. , Groves Mari L. , Hankinson Todd C. , Harter David H. , Hwang Steven W. , Jea Andrew , Kernie Steven G. , Leonard Jeffrey R. , Martin Jonathan E. , Oetgen Matthew E. , Powers Alexander K. , Rozzelle Curtis J. , Skaggs David L. , Strahle Jennifer M. , Wellons John C. , Vitale Michael G. , Anderson Richard C. E.
Published: March 2023

OBJECTIVE

The focus of this modified Delphi study was to investigate and build consensus regarding the medical management of children with moderate and severe acute spinal cord injury (SCI) during their initial inpatient hospitalization. This impetus for the study was based on the AANS/CNS guidelines for pediatric SCI published in 2013, which indicated that there was no consensus provided in the literature describing the medical management of pediatric patients with SCIs.

METHODS

An international, multidisciplinary group of 19 physicians, including pediatric neurosurgeons, orthopedic surgeons, and intensivists, were asked to participate. The authors chose to include both complete and incomplete injuries with traumatic as well as iatrogenic etiologies (e.g., spinal deformity surgery, spinal traction, intradural spinal surgery, etc.) due to the overall low incidence of pediatric SCI, potentially similar pathophysiology, and scarce literature exploring whether different etiologies of SCI should be managed differently. An initial survey of current practices was administered, and based on the responses, a follow-up survey of potential consensus statements was distributed. Consensus was defined as ≥ 80% of participants reaching agreement on a 4-point Likert scale (strongly agree, agree, disagree, strongly disagree). A final meeting was held virtually to generate final consensus statements.

RESULTS

Following the final Delphi round, 35 statements reached consensus after modification and consolidation of previous statements. Statements were categorized into the following eight sections: inpatient care unit, spinal immobilization, pharmacological management, cardiopulmonary management, venous thromboembolism prophylaxis, genitourinary management, gastrointestinal/nutritional management, and pressure ulcer prophylaxis. All participants stated that they would be willing or somewhat willing to change their practices based on consensus guidelines.

CONCLUSIONS

General management strategies were similar for both iatrogenic (e.g., spinal deformity, traction, etc.) and traumatic SCIs. Steroids were recommended only for injury after intradural surgery, not after acute traumatic or iatrogenic extradural surgery. Consensus was reached that mean arterial pressure ranges are preferred for blood pressure targets following SCI, with goals between 80 and 90 mm Hg for children at least 6 years of age. Further multicenter study of steroid use following acute neuromonitoring changes was recommended.
Morning glory disc anomaly and its implications in moyamoya arteriopathy: a retrospective case series
Authors: See Alfred P. , LoPresti Melissa A. , Treiber Jeffrey , Thomas Brice , Karsten Madeline B. , Riordan Coleman P. , Scott R. Michael , Lam Sandi K. , Smith Edward R.
Published: March 2023

OBJECTIVE

Morning glory disc anomaly (MGDA), a congenital abnormality of the optic nerve, may be associated with moyamoya arteriopathy, a cerebrovascular abnormality. In this study, the authors aimed to define the temporal evolution of cerebrovascular arteriopathy in patients with MGDA to characterize a rational strategy for screening and management over time.

METHODS

The records of pediatric neurosurgical patients at two academic institutions were retrospectively reviewed to identify cases of cerebral arteriopathy and MGDA, including radiographic and clinical records documenting patient outcomes of medical and surgical management.

RESULTS

Thirteen cases of moyamoya syndrome (MMS) associated with MGDA were identified in 13 children aged 0.6–17 years. The pattern of arteriopathy resembled that of non-MGDA MMS, with predominantly anterior circulation involvement. The arteriopathy lateralized with the MGDA, although 3 patients also had contralateral involvement. The overall group was followed for a median of 3.2 years. Radiological biomarkers of cerebral ischemia were applied to guide surgical decisions, and more than half of the patients (7 of 13) had evidence of stroke or progression on serial imaging. Nine patients underwent revascularization surgery, and 4 were managed medically.

CONCLUSIONS

Cerebral arteriopathy observed in association with MGDA resembles MMS seen in patients without MGDA and is dynamic, with progression observed over months to years and an associated risk of cerebral ischemia that indicates a role for surgical revascularization. Radiological biomarkers may augment clinical data to identify candidates for revascularization surgery.
Mental health and substance use disorders in young adults with spina bifida
Authors: Sciscent Bao Y. , Hallan David R. , Rizk Elias B.
Published: March 2023

OBJECTIVE

Although medical advances have allowed most patients with spina bifida (SB) to survive into adulthood, these patients may have physical impairments, urological complications, infections, and neurocognitive deficits. These factors can cause psychological distress and impact the transition from pediatric to adult care. There remains limited research on mental health disorders (MHDs) and substance use disorders (SUDs) in SB patients during this vulnerable transition period. This study aimed to investigate the 10-year incidence of MHDs and SUDs in 18- to 25-year-old patients with SB.

METHODS

TriNetX, a federated de-identified database, was retrospectively queried to identify 18- to 25-year-old patients with SB. The presence of MHDs and SUDs based on ICD-10 codes in SB patients (cohort 1) was analyzed and compared with those of patients without SB (cohort 2). Subgroup analysis was performed on SB patients with hydrocephalus and neurogenic bladder (NB). SB patients were further compared to patients with a spinal cord injury (SCI).

RESULTS

After propensity score matching, the authors identified 1494 patients in each cohort. SB patients were more likely to have depression (OR 1.949, 95% CI 1.64–2.317), anxiety (OR 1.603, 95% CI 1.359–1.891), somatoform disorders (OR 2.102, 95% CI 1.052–4.199), and suicidal ideations or attempts and self-harm (OR 1.424, 95% CI 1.014–1.999). The prevalence of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and eating disorders were comparable between cohorts. SB patients also had increased rates of nicotine dependence (OR 1.546, 95% CI 1.22–1.959) but not of alcohol or opioid disorders. In SB patients, the presence of hydrocephalus and NB was not associated with significantly increased rates of any measured MHDs or SUDs. When compared with SCI patients, SB patients were more likely to have anxiety (OR 1.377, 95% CI 1.028–1.845) and ADHD (OR 1.875, 95% CI 1.084–3.242). However, SB patients had lower rates of nicotine dependence (OR 0.682, 95% CI 0.482–0.963) and opioid-related disorders (OR 0.434, 95% CI 0.223–0.845). SB and SCI patients shared similar rates of depression, suicidal ideations or attempts and self-harm, and alcohol-related disorders.

CONCLUSIONS

Young adults with SB have higher prevalence rates of MHDs and SUDs compared with the general population. Therefore, incorporation of mental health and substance use management is critical to facilitate transition to adulthood.
Beta-lactam–resistant Staphylococcus aureus in spinal osteomyelitis and spondylodiscitis: current landscape in antibiotic resistance, treatment, and complications
Authors: Saad Berreta Rodrigo , Zhang Helen , Alsoof Daniel , McDonald Christopher L. , Diebo Bassel G. , Kuris Eren , Daniels Alan H.
Published: March 2023

OBJECTIVE

Spinal osteomyelitis and spondylodiscitis (SD) are infections of the vertebral body and disc, respectively, with more than 50% associated with Staphylococcus aureus. Methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) has become a pathogen of interest in cases of SD due to increasing prevalence. The purpose of this investigation was to characterize the current epidemiological and microbiological landscape in SD cases, in addition to medical and surgical challenges in treating these infections.

METHODS

The PearlDiver Mariner database was queried for ICD-10 codes to identify cases of SD from 2015 to 2021. The initial cohort was stratified by offending pathogens, including methicillin-sensitive S. aureus (MSSA) and MRSA. Primary outcome measures included epidemiological trends, demographics, and rates of surgical management. Secondary outcomes included length of hospital stay, rate of reoperation, and complications associated with surgical cases. Multivariable logistic regression was used to control for age, gender, region, and Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI).

RESULTS

Nine thousand nine hundred eighty-three patients met the inclusion criteria and were retained for this study. Approximately half (45.5%) of SD cases resulting from S. aureus infections each year were resistant to beta-lactam antibiotics. The proportion of cases that were managed surgically was 31.02%. Among the cases that involved surgical intervention, 21.83% underwent revision operations within 30 days of the original procedure and 37.29% of cases returned to the operating room within 1 year. Substance abuse, specifically alcohol, tobacco, and drug use, were strong predictors for surgical intervention in cases of SD (all p < 0.001), in addition to obesity (p = 0.002), liver disease (p < 0.001), and valvular disease (p = 0.025). After adjusting for age, gender, region, and CCI, cases of MRSA were more likely to undergo surgical management (OR 1.19, p = 0.003). MRSA SD also exhibited higher rates of reoperation within 6 months (OR 1.29, p = 0.001) and 1 year (OR 1.36, p < 0.001). Surgical cases resulting from MRSA infections also exhibited higher morbidity and significant rates of transfusion (OR 1.47, p = 0.030), acute kidney injury (OR 1.35, p = 0.001), pulmonary embolism (OR 1.44, p = 0.030), pneumonia (OR 1.49, p = 0.002), and urinary tract infection (OR 1.45, p = 0.002) compared with MSSA SD infections.

CONCLUSIONS

More than 45% of cases of S. aureus SD in the US are resistant to beta-lactam antibiotics, presenting obstacles in treatment. Cases of MRSA SD are more likely to be managed surgically and have higher rates of complications and reoperations. Early detection and prompt operative management are imperative to reduce the risk of complications.
Modern Challenges of Economic Cooperation between the Republic of Korea and the United States
Authors: Zueva Alexandra
Published: March 2023

For the past 20 years, South Korea has successfully balanced between its main trading partners, the US and China. However, with the new president’s accession to power in March 2022, the Republic of Korea has become more and more committed to the US strategic alliance, while not losing interest in trade with China. Washington seeks to use various economic instruments to get the maximum benefit from the alliance with Seoul. The declared areas of strategic partnership within the framework of the US-South Korea alliance are facing a number of challenges provoked by the US protectionist policy and Washington's desire to maintain influence in key areas. The Republic of Korea is trying to secure comfortable conditions for cooperation, but at the same time, it is gradually adapting to new American requirements. South Korea, like the United States, is striving for leadership in the high-tech market and is currently competing rather than working as a team. Thus, in the future, with continued pressure from Washington, companies in the Republic of Korea may lose their competitive advantages in world markets, and even become completely dependent on the United States. These tendencies lead to the strengthening of the opinion in South Korean society that deep economic integration with America may not be in the national interests of the Republic of Korea.
 
In the article, the author analyzes the existing challenges in the economic relations between the Republic of Korea and the United States in 2022. In addition, challenges are predicted that can have a greater impact on US-South Korean foreign trade relations in the foreseeable future.
The Expediency of Creating a Supranational Currency within the Framework of the SCO and BRICS International Organizations Under the Influence of Trade and Sanctions Restrictions
Authors: Stepanov Nikita
Published: March 2023

The research consists in substantiating the significance and potential of the grouping of the SCO and BRICS countries; determining the conditions for the possibility of creating a supranational currency within the framework of the SCO and BRICS international organizations under the influence of trade and sanctions restrictions; formulating the advantages and disadvantages of several areas of transformation of the global financial system. The BRICS countries account for more than 40% of the world's population and almost 30% of global GDP, and they have high potential in all spheres of economic activity. At the same time, the dominance of the dollar allows the American economy to influence the world with its monetary policy, strengthens the US position in the global economy.
Turbulence in the international arena is increasingly pushing the countries of the SCO and BRICS international organizations to take steps to strengthen their positions in the world, including the possible admission of new members and an increase in trading volumes of their national currencies. It is shown that the increasing turbulence, the questions arising in many countries regarding the freezing of foreign exchange reserves of the state and the procedure for the confiscation of the property of Russian oligarchs, the measures of central banks of different countries to diversify their reserves into currencies such as the yuan indicate that the dominance of the dollar may end not the main competitors of the dollar, but a large group of alternative currencies.
 
It is proved that since the dollar and the euro rely on a huge amount of printed money and do not have a solid foundation behind them, the BRICS currency can be based on real goods traded on exchanges: oil, precious metals, wheat, rice, coffee and much more. Since the BRICS countries are major suppliers of the stock market, therefore, the diverse composition of the BRICS countries' exports gives them the opportunity to complement each other, which confirms the feasibility of creating a supranational currency within the framework of the SCO and BRICS international organizations.
The role of the Russian Imperial Consulate in Nyuzhuang (Yingkou) in expanding trade and economic ties between Russia and China from 1906 to 1909.
Authors: Sharonova Viktoriya
Published: March 2023

The article describes the activities of the Imperial Consulate of Russia in Niuzhuang (Yingkou) during the period from 1906 till 1909. One of the priorities of the work of Russian diplomats at that time was the restoration of Russian-Chinese trade and economic relations as the part of the social and cultural policy in South Manchuria. A young diplomat, consul Andrey Terentyevich Belchenko, played a special role in expanding the commercial contacts between Russian and Chinese players. Thanks to the assistance of the Imperial Consulate, the problems associated with the local branch of the Russian-Chinese Bank for the return of allocated funds were resolved. Paying great attention to the promotion of the Russian manufactory in Niuzhuang (Yingkou), Consul Belchenko ordered assistance in this abrupt return of “The company Vikula Morozov with Sons”, “Ivan Konovalov with Son”, “Manufactory of N.N. Konshina "and others. Having visited at the beginning of 1908 Harbin, the Russian consul in Yingkou, had negotiations with Russian merchants who had big business problems due to the consequences of the Russian-Japanese War. In the spring of the same year, Harbin entrepreneurs came to Niuzhuang and made contacts with Chinese partners on the realization of the flour and oil industry. The Imperial Consulate, despite the high competition of the parties with foreign companies (Great Britain, Japan, Germany, etc.), actively promoted the Russian trading company in the inexpensive market, and by the end of 1909, the sale of domestic goods exceeded the pre-war level. The shipping traffic of Russian transport was also restored, which became regular since 1908.
EFFECT ANALYSIS OF COMPENSATION, WORK ENVIRONMENT AND LEADERSHIP ON SHIP CREW LOYALTY WITH WORK MOTIVATION AS INTERVENING VARIABLE AT PT. SALAM PACIFIC INDONESIA LINES
Authors: Budiyono Budiyono , Tri Widyastuti  , Muhammad Richo Rianto
Published: March 2023

The research aims to measure the effect of compensation, work environment and leadership on ship crew loyalty with motivation as an intervening variable at PT. Salam Pacific Indonesia Lines. This research is a quantitative research in which the object used is the ship's crew in the engine room. The number of samples used as many as 53 respondents. The design used is hypothesis testing using the structural equation model (SEM) – Smart PLS version 3.3.3. The results of this study indicate that compensation, leadership and motivation have a significant effect on ship crew loyalty. However, there is no evidence that the work environment effects the loyalty of ship crews. This study also shows that there is an indirect effect of compensation on ship crew loyalty through motivation, there is an indirect effect of leadership on ship crew loyalty through motivation, but there is no evidence of an indirect effect of work environment compensation on ship crew loyalty