bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of the diets with pumpkin silage and synthetic β‐carotene on the carotenoid, immunoglobulin and bioactive protein content and fatty acid composition of colostrum
Authors: Halik Gabriela , Łozicki Andrzej , Koziorzębska Agata , Arkuszewska Ewa , Puppel Kamila
Published: November 2018

Forty Simmental cows were divided into four groups with 10 per group to investigate the effect of a transition diet supplemented with synthetic β‐carotene and natural carotenoid‐rich feed (pumpkin silage) on chemical composition of the colostrum. The control group (I) was fed grass and maize silage and supplemental concentrates, group II additionally received 400 mg/day/cow of synthetic β‐carotene, in group, III 40% DM of maize silage was replaced with pumpkin silage to increase β‐carotene intake by 400 mg in relation to group I, and in group IV 60% DM of maize silage was replaced with pumpkin silage without adjusting for β‐carotene. Colostrum was collected from the cows within 5 hr of calving to determine colostrum composition, the content of immunoglobulins and carotenoids, total antioxidant status (TAS), the content of some bioactive proteins and the composition of fatty acids. The study showed that the experimental diets had no effect on the gross composition of colostrum. The content of α‐carotene, β‐carotene and violaxanthin was significantly higher in group IV than in group I and that of lutein higher in group IV than in groups I and II. Total antioxidant status of colostrum in group IV was significantly higher than in group I. Groups III and IV were characterized by a higher concentration of immunoglobulin IgG in relation to group I. IgM level in groups II, III and IV was significantly higher than in group I and that in groups III and IV was also higher than in group II. The highest IgA concentration was observed in group IV and the lowest in group I. Lysozyme concentration was higher in group IV compared to groups I and II. The diets had no effect on the total content of SFA, MUFA and PUFA in colostrum.
Flip‐flop organization in the chloroplast genome of Capsosiphon fulvescens (Ulvophyceae, Chlorophyta)
Authors: Kim Dongseok , Lee JunMo , Choi Ji Won , Yang Ji Hyun , Hwang Il‐Ki , Yoon Hwan Su
Published: November 2018

To better understand organelle genome evolution of the ulvophycean green alga Capsosiphon fulvescens, we sequenced and characterized its complete chloroplast genome. The circular chloroplast genome was 111,561 bp in length with 31.3% GC content that contained 108 genes including 77 protein‐coding genes, two copies of rRNA operons, and 27 tRNAs. In this analysis, we found the two types of isoform, called heteroplasmy, were likely caused by a flip‐flop organization. The flip‐flop mechanism may have caused structural variation and gene conversion in the chloroplast genome of C. fulvescens. In a phylogenetic analysis based on all available ulvophycean chloroplast genome data, including a new C. fulvescens genome, we found three major conflicting signals for C. fulvescens and its sister taxon Pseudoneochloris marina within 70 individual genes: (i) monophyly with Ulotrichales, (ii) monophyly with Ulvales, and (iii) monophyly with the clade of Ulotrichales and Ulvales. Although the 70‐gene concatenated phylogeny supported monophyly with Ulvales for both species, these complex phylogenetic signals of individual genes need further investigations using a data‐rich approach (i.e., organelle genome data) from broader taxon sampling.
Combining potentially incompatible community datasets when harmonizing forest inventories in subarctic Alaska, USA
Authors: Smith Robert J. , Gray Andrew N.
Published: November 2018

Aims

Plant responses to disturbances and environmental variation can manifest in communities as compositional nestedness (i.e., one community is a subset of another) and/or turnover (two communities represent different compositional gradient spaces). Yet, different sampling designs can artificially give an illusion of such compositional differences among two datasets, making it problematic to harmonize them in multi‐species analysis. We test the prediction that sampling differences which increase beta‐diversity components (nestedness and turnover) among two vegetation datasets will decrease their exchangeability.

Location

Boreal forests of Tanana River region, interior Alaska, USA.

Methods

We develop novel methods for comparing compositional variation among two datasets in nonmetric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) ordination. Resampled NMDS establishes internal sampling variability for each dataset independently, and reciprocal NMDS determines external exchangeability when the two are mutually exchanged. We first compare simulated data with specified beta‐diversity differences, then evaluate two forest inventories based on local vs regional sampling designs in Alaska's boreal forests.

Results

As simulated species turnover and nestedness increased, internal sampling variability remained essentially constant, but external exchangeability progressively declined. Species turnover (not nestedness) had the larger negative effect on exchangeability. Among the boreal forest inventories, internal sampling variability was relatively similar, and exchangeability was weakly moderate, but the regional inventory exhibited much better fit to broad‐scale environment. Species turnover (not nestedness) contributed the majority of beta‐diversity differences among the two forest inventories, suggesting that strong environmental gradients were unequally represented.

Conclusions

Species turnover alters multivariate outcomes more drastically than species nestedness. Therefore, combining two vegetation datasets may be inadvisable when turnover prevails. Instead, a multi‐scale perspective, with separate but complementary forest inventory analyses, can portray local and regional variation at appropriate scales. Our method is tractable for assessing exchangeability of potentially inconsistent sampling designs, like those that are common in synthesis studies and long‐term ecological monitoring.
How chromosomal rearrangements shape adaptation and speciation: Case studies in Drosophila pseudoobscura and its sibling species Drosophila persimilis
Authors: Fuller Zachary L. , Koury Spencer A. , Phadnis Nitin , Schaeffer Stephen W.
Published: November 2018

The gene arrangements of Drosophila have played a prominent role in the history of evolutionary biology from the original quantification of genetic diversity to current studies of the mechanisms for the origin and establishment of new inversion mutations within populations and their subsequent fixation between species supporting reproductive barriers. This review examines the genetic causes and consequences of inversions as recombination suppressors and the role that recombination suppression plays in establishing inversions in populations as they are involved in adaptation within heterogeneous environments. This often results in the formation of clines of gene arrangement frequencies among populations. Recombination suppression leads to the differentiation of the gene arrangements which may accelerate the accumulation of fixed genetic differences among populations. If these fixed mutations cause incompatibilities, then inversions pose important reproductive barriers between species. This review uses the evolution of inversions in Drosophila pseudoobscura and D. persimilis as a case study for how inversions originate, establish and contribute to the evolution of reproductive isolation.
Alterations of colonic sensitivity and gastric dysmotility after acute cisplatin and granisetron
Authors: Martín‐Ruíz Marta , Uranga José A. , Mosinska Paula , Fichna Jakub , Nurgali Kulmira , Martín‐Fontelles Mª Isabel , Abalo Raquel
Published: November 2018

Background

Cisplatin is a highly emetogenic antineoplastic drug and induces peripheral neuropathy when given in cycles. Granisetron, a 5‐HT3 antagonist, is clinically used to prevent chemotherapy‐induced nausea/emesis and abdominal pain in irritable bowel syndrome. The effects of cisplatin on visceral sensitivity and those of granisetron in the context of cancer chemotherapy are not well known.

Methods

Adult male Wistar rats received two intraperitoneal injections 30 minutes apart: granisetron (1 mg kg−1)/vehicle and cisplatin (6 mg kg−1)/vehicle. Thereafter, nausea‐like behavior was measured as bedding intake for 4 hours, and gastric dysmotility was measured radiographically for 8 hours. Gastric weight and size were determined ex vivo and samples of the forestomach, corpus, ileum, and colon were obtained for histological analysis at 4 and 30 hours after cisplatin/vehicle. Visceral sensitivity was measured as abdominal contractions in response to mechanical intracolonic stimulation 2 hours after cisplatin/vehicle.

Key Results

Cisplatin‐induced bedding intake and gastric dysmotility, and granisetron blocked these effects, which occurred in the absence of frank mucositis. Visceral sensitivity was reduced to a similar extent by both drugs alone or in combination.

Conclusions and Inferences

Cisplatin‐induced bedding intake and gastric dysmotility were blocked by granisetron, confirming the involvement of serotonin acting on 5‐HT3 receptors. Unexpectedly, visceral sensitivity to colonic distension was reduced, to the same extent, by cisplatin, granisetron, and their combination, suggesting important mechanistic differences with nausea and gastric dysmotility that warrant further investigation.
Being acknowledged by others and bracketing negative thoughts and feelings: Frail older people's narrations of how existential loneliness is eased
Authors: Sjöberg Marina , Edberg Anna‐Karin , Rasmussen Birgit H. , Beck Ingela
Published: November 2018

Aims and objectives

The aim of this study was to describe how EL was eased, as narrated by frail older people.

Background

Existential loneliness (EL) is an unavoidable part of the human condition. It is a complex phenomenon that has been described as disconnection from life. If EL is acknowledged in the care of older people, the experience of EL can be reduced.

Design

In this qualitative study, we used an exploratory and descriptive design.

Methods

The study was based on 22 narrative interviews with frail older people, 76 to 101 years old, who were receiving long‐term care and services. We analysed the data using conventional content analysis.

Results

Being acknowledged by others, that is, being the focus of others' concern, eased the experience of EL, as did encountering intimacy and having meaningful exchanges of thoughts and feelings. Further, EL was pushed into the background and eased when participants could bracket negative thoughts and feelings, that is, when they could adjust and accept the present situation, view life in the rear‐view mirror, be in contact with spiritual dimensions and withdraw and distract themselves.

Conclusion

Existential loneliness can be eased by experiencing meaningful togetherness with others and oneself when something else comes to the forefront, pushing EL to the background. Frail older peoples' opportunities to ease EL may be facilitated by health care staff (HCS) providing person‐centred care and create possibilities for solitary time and meaningful togetherness.

Implications for practice

If frail older people's ongoing processes of adjusting and accepting their situation are understood and confirmed by people in their environment, for example, by nurses, family and friends, the experience of living a meaningful life can be supported, which, in turn, can ease EL.
Non‐IgE‐mediated gastrointestinal allergies—Do they have a place in a new model of the Allergic March
Authors: Meyer Rosan , Fox Adam T. , Chebar Lozinsky Adriana , Michaelis Louise J. , Shah Neil
Published: November 2018

The rise in food allergy has been described as the “second wave” of the allergy epidemic, with some developed countries reporting a prevalence of 10% of challenge‐proven food allergies. Recognition of the Allergic March has played a crucial role in identifying causality in allergic conditions, linking atopic dermatitis to food allergy and food allergy to other atopic disorders, thereby highlighting opportunities in prevention and the importance of early intervention. This publication will establish the value of weaving the less well‐understood, non‐IgE‐mediated food allergy into the Allergic March and mapping its progression through childhood and its associated co‐morbidities. The proposed non‐IgE‐mediated Allergic March highlights the concomitant presentation of gastrointestinal symptoms and atopic dermatitis as early presenting symptoms in confirmed non‐IgE‐mediated allergies and the later development of atopic co‐morbidities, including asthma and allergic rhinitis, similar to the IgE‐mediated Allergic March. This publication highlights recent observations of a link between non‐IgE‐mediated food allergy in early childhood and functional gastrointestinal disorders in later life and also the reported occurrence of extra‐intestinal manifestations at later ages. Although significant limitations exist in regard to the proposed evolution of the Allergic March model, the authors hope that this publication will influence the management of non‐IgE‐mediated gastrointestinal allergies and inform future research and interventions.
Neutrophilia and hyperamylasemia in patients with immediate food allergy
Authors: Kimura Mitsuaki , Ito Yasunori , Shimomura Masaki , Yoneda Kensuke , Naito Chie , Adachi Yuichi , Meguro Takaaki
Published: November 2018

Background

Presently, little is known about the laboratory data several hours after oral food challenge (OFC) in patients with immunoglobulin (Ig)E‐mediated immediate food allergy (FA).

Methods

One hundred and twelve subjects who underwent OFC at the present institute between 1 June 2016 and 31 March 2018, were enrolled in this study. Changes in laboratory data several hours after OFC were examined.

Results

OFC was positive in 76 patients and negative in 36. Increase in absolute neutrophil count (ANC) was significantly higher in OFC‐positive than in OFC‐negative subjects (median, 2,306/μL vs 637/μL; P < 0.00001). On multivariate regression analysis, a significant correlation was seen between neutrophilia and the development of gastrointestinal symptoms (t = 3.63; P < 0.001). Serum interleukin‐6 increased in 43.8% of the patients with marked neutrophilia and had a significant positive correlation with ANC (r = 0.64; P < 0.001). Serum amylase increased in 33.3% of the OFC‐positive patients and was >100 U/L (median, 642 U/L) in five patients in whom serum lipase also increased markedly (1,197 U/L). There was a significant negative correlation between increase in serum amylase and decrease in absolute eosinophil count (r = −0.36, P < 0.01).

Conclusions

Marked neutrophilia was seen after OFC in patients with immediate FA presenting gastrointestinal symptoms, which may provide an insight into the relationship between symptoms and laboratory data. A considerable increase in serum amylase after OFC was also seen in patients with immediate FA, suggesting that the pancreas is a target organ for immediate FA.
Childhood dietary intake: Comparison between anorexia nervosa and healthy leanness
Authors: Kanayama Shunsuke , Sakai Chieko , Aoto Haruka , Endo Yuri , Minamimae Keiko , Katayama Takeshi , Nagaishi Jun‐ichi , Hanaki Keiichi
Published: November 2018

Background

The number of adolescent patients with anorexia nervosa is increasing. In addition, an increase in pre‐adolescent patients with premenarchal onset has also been recognized. Detection of the disease in childhood and adolescence, however, is not always easy because the symptoms are not characteristic during this period. This study was performed to investigate detection of anorexia nervosa in children/adolescents by comparing energy and nutrient intake between patients with anorexia nervosa and healthy thin persons.

Methods

The subjects consisted of 13 girls aged 14.4 ± 3.5 years with anorexia nervosa and 320 healthy girls aged 12.4 ± 1.3 years. Dietary intake was evaluated using a validated diet history questionnaire designed for children/adolescents. Daily energy and nutrient intake were expressed as a percentage of the age‐ and sex‐matched reference amount.

Results

Healthy lean (body mass index [BMI], <50th percentile) girls with an above‐average score for desiring thinness had higher fat and lower cereal intake, and a trend of lower carbohydrate intake. In contrast, patients with anorexia nervosa, compared with thin (BMI <5th percentile) girls, characteristically had significantly lower energy, fat, zinc, vitamin C, and confectionery intake.

Conclusions

Lean girls with an above‐average desire for thinness appear to restrict their energy intake by reducing their intake of carbohydrates such as cereals while maintaining a relatively high fat intake. In contrast, girls with anorexia nervosa avoided fat and had a preference for vegetables. This characteristic eating pattern could be a useful clue for detection of anorexia nervosa in thin children and adolescents.
Phenomenologies of the trinity: Trends in recent philosophy of religion
Authors: Rivera Joseph
Published: November 2018

This article discusses the theoretical issues and findings of a recent trend in phenomenology of religion: the manifestation of the Trinity. Section one highlights the classical model of the Trinity as mystery. The Trinity is as an elusive phenomenon that can be grasped only as an article of faith. Section two outlines important features of manifestation and experience in Husserl's phenomenology, which lays the conceptual groundwork for the phenomenology of religion. Section three discusses two proposals of a phenomenology of the Trinity, in which faith can be understood as an intentional stance may make possible the Trinity's manifestation as a subjective phenomenon. The conclusion locates the principal weakness of the phenomenology of the Trinity in the proponents' tendency to ignore doctrinal development and theological debate, especially of the fourth and fifth‐centuries, which gave shape to the Trinity as a doctrine as such.
Strategy, Narratives, and Reading the Public: Developing a Micro‐Level Theory of Political Strategies within the Narrative Policy Framework
Authors: Kirkpatrick Kellee J. , Stoutenborough James W.
Published: November 2018

Recent research on policy narratives shows that stakeholders strategically switch away from their preferred policy narrative to a different policy narrative in an effort to better appeal to the public. While this level of strategic decision making may not be surprising, frameworks such as the Narrative Policy Framework (NPF) do not currently outline a theoretical explanation to predict when and why this behavior may occur at the micro, or individual, level. While the NPF deals with strategic decision making, it has done so at the meso, or subsystem, level. Thus far, NPF micro‐level development has focused on explaining why the target of a policy narrative would choose to adopt a particular narrative as their own view on the issue. This project begins the process of developing micro‐level theory to outline how an individual engages in strategic decision making. Specifically, we integrate the theorizing behind the Third‐Person Effect (TPE) into the NPF to develop and test new micro‐level hypotheses related to this strategic decision‐making process. Results suggest that the TPE influences how and why stakeholders decide which policy narratives they think will best resonate with the public. This research can help scholars better explain and predict why policy entrepreneurs use certain policy narratives.
Bayesian Analysis of Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Data with Spatially Varying Auto-Regressive Orders
Authors: Teng Ming , Nathoo Farouk S. , Johnson Timothy D.
Published: November 2018

Statistical modelling of functional magnetic resonance imaging data is challenging as the data are both spatially and temporally correlated. Spatially, measurements are taken at thousands of contiguous regions, called voxels, and temporally measurements are taken at hundreds of time points at each voxel. Recent advances in Bayesian hierarchical modelling have addressed the challenges of spatiotemporal structure in functional magnetic resonance imaging data with models incorporating both spatial and temporal priors for signal and noise. Whereas there has been extensive research on modelling the functional magnetic resonance imaging signal (i.e. the convolution of the experimental design with the functional choice for the haemodynamic response function) and its spatial variability, less attention has been paid to realistic modelling of the temporal dependence that typically exists within the functional magnetic resonance imaging noise, where a low order auto-regressive process is typically adopted. Furthermore, the auto-regressive order is held constant across voxels (e.g. AR(1) at each voxel). Motivated by an event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging experiment, we propose a novel hierarchical Bayesian model with automatic selection of the auto-regressive orders of the noise process that vary spatially over the brain. With simulation studies we show that our model is more statistically efficient and we apply it to our motivating example.
Effects of eccentric versus concentric contractions of the biceps brachii on intracortical inhibition and facilitation
Authors: Latella Christopher , Goodwill Alicia M. , Muthalib Makii , Hendy Ashlee M. , Major Brendan , Nosaka Kazunori , Teo Wei‐Peng
Published: November 2018

Differences in the neural mechanisms underpinning eccentric (ECC) and concentric (CON) contractions exist; however, the acute effects of fatiguing muscle contractions on intracortical and corticospinal excitability are not well understood. Therefore, we compared maximal ECC and CON contractions of the right biceps brachii (BB) muscle for changes in corticospinal excitability, short‐ (SICI) and long‐interval intracortical inhibition (LICI) and intracortical facilitation (ICF) up to 1 hour post‐exercise. Fourteen right‐handed adults (11 M/3F; 26.8 ± 2.9 year) undertook a single session of 3 sets of 10 maximal ECC or CON contractions (180‐second rest between sets) on an isokinetic dynamometer (40°/s) separated by 1 week, in a randomized crossover study. Maximum voluntary isometric contraction torque (MVIC), maximal muscle compound waves (MMAX), and motor‐evoked potentials elicited through transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) were recorded via surface electromyography from the right BB. MVIC decreased (P < 0.001) immediately after ECC and CON contractions similarly, but the decrease was sustained at 1 hour post‐ECC contractions only. MMAX was reduced immediately (P = 0.014) and 1 hour post‐exercise (P = 0.019) only for ECC contractions. SICI and ICF increased immediately after ECC and CON contractions (P < 0.001), but LICI increased only after ECC contractions (P < 0.001), and these increases remained at 1 hour post‐ECC contractions only. These findings suggest that ECC contractions induced a longer‐lasting neuromodulatory effect on intracortical inhibition and facilitation, which could indicate a central compensatory response to peripheral fatigue.
Guillain‐Barré syndrome post renal transplant: A systematic review
Authors: Ostman Cecilia , Chacko Bobby
Published: November 2018

Background

Guillain‐Barré syndrome (GBS) is a common ascending polyneuropathy in adults. It is often associated with preceding viral or diarrhoeal illness with cytomegalovirus (CMV), Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV), or Campylobacter jejuni. Solid organ transplant recipients are more susceptible to opportunistic infections with CMV than the general population as a result of immunosuppressive therapies to prevent graft rejection. However, reports of GBS are rare in this population.

Objective

To systematically review cases of GBS in renal transplant patients to evaluate causative pathogens or triggers, management and associated morbidity and mortality.

Methods and results

We conducted a systematic search of the MEDLINE database uncovering 17 cases of GBS in renal transplant patients in the literature. The majority of cases were in males (81%) and patients who received deceased donor renal transplants (87%). The mean age was 44.7 years (SD 13). The time between transplant and onset of symptoms ranged from 2 days to 10 years (Mean = 720 days). GBS was commonly associated with antecedent viral (CMV 12; EBV 1) or diarrhoeal (2) illness while two cases were attributed to calcineurin inhibitor use. All patients recovered fully or partially after treatment with anti‐viral or anti‐bacterial agents, immunoglobulins, and/or plasma exchange.

Conclusion

Cytomegalovirus is the most common trigger for GBS in the post‐renal transplant setting. Other triggers include campylobacter jejuni and calcineurin inhibitors. GBS should be considered in transplant patients presenting with weakness or paralysis in order to institute timely management.
In vitro comparison of linear vs triangular screw configuration to stabilize complete uniarticular parasagittal fractures of the proximal phalanx in horses
Authors: Labens Raphael , Khairuddin Nurul H. , Murray Mark , Jermyn Kieri , Ahmad Roohi S.
Published: November 2018

Objective

To assess fracture gap reduction and stability of linear vs triangular 4.5‐mm lag screw repair of experimental, uniarticular, and complete forelimb proximal phalanx (P1) fractures.

Study design

Experimental.

Sample population

Fourteen equine cadaver limbs/horses.

Methods

Simulated fractures were repaired with 2 lag screws under 4‐Nm insertion torque (linear repair). Computed tomography (CT) imaging was performed with the leg unloaded and loaded to forces generated while walking. The fracture repair was revised to include 3 lag screws placed with the same insertion torque (triangular repair) prior to CT. The width of the fracture gap was assessed qualitatively by 2 observers and graded on the basis of gap measurements relative to the average voxel size at dorsal, mid, and palmar P1 sites. Interobserver agreement was assessed with Cohen's κ. The effect of repair type, loading condition, and measurement site on fracture gap grades was evaluated by using Kendall's τ‐b correlation coefficients and paired nonparametric tests. Significance was set at P ≤ .05.

Results

Agreement between loading and fracture gap widening was fair in triangular (κ = 0.53) and excellent in linear (κ = 0.81) repairs. Loading resulted in fracture gap distraction in linear repairs (Plinear = .008). Triangular repairs reduced fractures better irrespective of loading (Punloaded = .003; Ploaded < .001). The type of repair was not correlated with fracture gap grades at unloaded mid and loaded dorsal P1 sites.

Conclusion

Repair of uniarticular complete parasagittal fractures with a triangular screw configuration improved in vitro fracture gap reduction and stability.

Clinical significance

Triangular lag screw repair likely improves biomechanical conditions during postoperative weight bearing.
THE DETERMINANT FACTORS EFFICACY OF SCHOOL BASED MANAGEMENT (SBM) IN SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL IN ALL OF THE FORMER PATI RESIDENCY
Authors: Masrukhin Masrukhin
Published: November 2018

The goal of this research is to verify some theory related to the determinant factors efficacy of School Based Management (SBM). This research used survey research by quantitative approach. The technique of taking sample used quota sampling counted 100 from 106 of Senior High school in all of former Pati residency. Those samples were taken by each area amounting to 400 people. The model of this research used SEM in AMOS program. Therefore the relation of full structural model is fit. The result of the sum of influence eksogen variable to endogen variable, that is teacher professionalism is 22,9%, school organization culture is 23,5%, managerial ability of headmaster is 22%, and participation of school committee is 24%. The fourth determinant variables that most contribute to the successful implementation of school-based management in senior high school in all of the former Pati residency is the school committee's participation amounted to 24%, and the lowest is the managerial ability of headmaster by 22%. This is consistent with the theory that the essence of school-based management is the management of educational institutions oriented to the needs and participation of the community in order to empower the school's independence or through the granting of authority, flexibility, and resources to improve the quality of education.
PRINSIP PENENTUAN HUKUM TERHADAP PEMBAHAGIAN DAGING KORBAN KEPADA NON-MUSLIM MENURUT MAZHAB SYAFCIE (THE LEGAL PRINCIPLES OF THE DISTRIBUTION OF MEAT (QURBANI) TO NON-MUSLIM FROM SYAFIE’S THOUGHT)
Authors: Daud Mohd Lukman Bin , Mohd Kashim Mohd Izhar Ariff
Published: November 2018

This article discusses the principles of law applicable to the distribution of meat (Qurbani) to non-muslims by Syafie school of thought. There are differences of opinion among scholars Syafie in this issue. Some scholars argue Syafiiyyah can not give the meat (Qurbani) to the non-muslim and the views expressed should give some meat to non-muslims. The objective of this study was to examine the views of jurists regarding the Shafi'i school of law of distribution of meat (Qurbani) to non-muslims as well as scholars analyze ͨviews and arguments relating to the legal distribution of selected meat to non-muslims. To complement this study, the method of data collection was conducted using qualitative design using document analysis and semi-structured interview method also. The results showed that the views in the said Syafie school of thought should give meat (Qurbani) to non-muslims is more appropriate and acceptable in the context of cross-religious and pluralistic society in Malaysia. This must be viewed from the angle maslahah and also from the point of Maqasid propaganda for them.
IMPAK NEGATIF TEKNOLOGI MODEN DALAM KEHIDUPAN DAN PERKEMBANGAN KANAK-KANAK HINGGA USIA REMAJA (NEGATIVE IMPACT OF MODERN TECHNOLOGY TO THE CHILDREN’S LIFE AND THEIR DEVELOPMENT)
Authors: Nahar Naquiah , Sangi Sahrunizam , Baniear Salvam Dharsigah A/P , Rosli Nurhidayu , Abdullah Abdul Hafiz
Published: November 2018

The rise of modern technology has a tremendous impact on the lives of children these days until they reach adolescence. If 20 years ago, children spent their time playing outdoor activities, cycling and so on, 21st century children however, are exposed to the use of various technological devices such as televisions, internet, computers, smart phones, and video games. Children spend about eight hours, on average, consuming these technological devices. As a result, their development is influenced by the technological resources present in their lives. This study examines the issue of how the technology impacts the lives of children negatively until they reach adolescence, as they are important assets to the country's future. Thus, the objective of this study is to identify the negative effects of the use of modern technology to the physical development, interaction and social development as well as their academic progress. This study is a literature study, comparative study, and historical analysis. Scientific journals, research reports, and related thesis are the main sources of this study. The findings indicate that the use of modern technology beyond control has negative impacts on the physical and muscular development, interpersonal skills and academic performance. In addition, this study also suggests some guidelines for parents to find the best solution in dealing with the uncontrolled use of technology among their children.
Quranic Verses and Sources of Ocean Energy
Authors: Jandra Mifedwil , MZ Shofyullah
Published: November 2018

This study related to Quranic verses about ocean and energy sources. The Quranic verses about ocean examined in two ways: classically and contemporarily. This study uses modern scientific commentary (tafseer) through the parallelistic approach. The aims of this study is to obtain information about the relevance between Quranic verses, natural phenomenon, energy sources, and the advantages. The commentary about ocean in the Quran offers some alternatives to several issuess. There is a lot of inventions in energy sources that found based on Quranic verses. Analysis on the verses about ocean shows that there is a match between the written verses (Qawliyah) in al-Quran and the natural phenomenon (Kawniyah verses). This is the greatest challenge to the modern civilization. Solutions in food safety and energy; health and medicine; transportation and good mobilization; environmental management, and the emerging of new dicipline in Islamic Marine Knowledge obtained after knowing the oceanic energy source. The hint found in oceanic verses helps to find solutions in technology for the human problem nowaday, at the future, and at the end human will use Ilahi guidance in their life.
Raw Food Consumption And Its Effects On Human Health: An Analysis Of Halalan Toyyiban Concept
Authors: Mas’ad Muhamad Aunurrochim , Zainul Hisham Muhammad Zawani Firas
Published: November 2018

This study aimed to analyze the status of consuming raw food and health effects on the human body by elaborating views of moslems scholars through the concept of halalan toyyiban, as well as to determine the advantages and disadvantages of consuming raw foods from health and food expert. The method that had been used was through information-gathering method; to explain and analyze the related data. This study found that most of muslim jurists agreed to allow the consumption of raw foods as long as those foods come from halal raw meat, slaughtered in accordance with food guidance in Islam.
Infant Formula Trade and Food Safety
Authors: Adelman Sarah W. , Schmeiser Katherine N.
Published: November 2018

Beginning in 2004, the Chinese formula market suffered from a string of contamination events from counterfeit formula in 2004, melamine in 2008 to mercury and aflatoxin (a human carcinogen) in 2012. In this paper, we seek to understand the effects of these safety concerns in a market which lacks product substitutes. Whereas the literature shows international flows for produce, beef, and poultry are changed by persistent contaminations, the international infant formula market is less responsive to repeated health concerns.
Effects of lithographic parameters in massively parallel electron-beam systems
Authors: Moon Soomin , Lee Soo-Young , Choi Jin , Kim Seom-Beom , Jeon Chan-Uk
Published: November 2018

The ability of electron-beam (e-beam) lithography to transfer fine features onto a substrate is essential in many applications where high-resolution devices need to be fabricated. However, its low throughput has been the major drawback, especially for transferring large-scale patterns such as optical masks. In order to overcome the drawback, e-beam machines with massively parallel beams were recently developed and their throughput improved by several orders of magnitude has been experimentally demonstrated. In this study, for the optimal use of such parallel-beam systems, the effects of lithographic parameters and faulty beams on the writing quality are analyzed. The metrics of writing quality include the exposure variation and contrast, the total dose required, the dose latitude, and the line edge roughness. The analysis results obtained through an extensive simulation are provided and discussed in this paper.
Nanostructures prepared by vacuum-line deposition of organosilanes through a colloidal mask
Authors: Verberne-Sutton Susan D. , LeJeune Zorabel M. , Hill Sean , LeJeune Jason P. , Garno Jayne C.
Published: November 2018

Vacuum environments provide capabilities for patterning molecularly thin films that are air sensitive, insoluble, or cannot be easily dissolved in solvents. The authors introduce an approach to produce nanopatterns with organotrichlorosilanes using vacuum-line deposition combined with colloidal lithography. In particular, excess water can be problematic for preparing films of organosilanes due to self-polymerization. Three model trichlorosilane architectures were tested: octadecyltrichlorosilane, 4-(chloromethyl)phenyltrichlorosilane (CMPS), and phenyltrichlorosilane. Monodisperse silica mesospheres were used as a surface mask to protect exquisitely small, discrete areas of a silicon surface from reaction with organosilanes. Organosilanes were deposited with a home-built vacuum-line apparatus to form patterns on Si(111) surrounding the surface template of close-packed silica spheres. After removing the mask by solvent rinses, an array of nanoholes within a monolayer film of organosiloxanes was produced. Broad areas of the sample were patterned with regular arrangements of nanoholes, spanning microns. The thickness of the films was measured locally with atomic force microscopy by referencing the exposed sites inside the nanoholes as a baseline. As a comparison, nanostructures of CMPS were prepared at atmospheric pressure with conditions of ambient humidity. The nanostructures that were prepared in ambient pressure without control of even small amounts of residual water on the surface were comprised of cross-linked multilayers to form bowls surrounding the templating spheres of the surface mask. The nanostructured surfaces have precisely regular, reproducible geometries with nanoscale dimensions, which can subsequently furnish a template for successive chemical reactions.
A tyrosine sulfation–dependent HLA-I modification identifies memory B cells and plasma cells
Authors: Chan Justin T. H. , Liu Yanling , Khan Srijit , St-Germain Jonathan R. , Zou Chunxia , Leung Leslie Y. T. , Yang Judi , Shi Mengyao , Grunebaum Eyal , Campisi Paolo , Propst Evan J. , Holler Theresa , Bar-Or Amit , Wither Joan E. , Cairo Christopher W. , Moran Michael F. , Palazzo Alexander F. , Cooper Max D. , Ehrhardt Götz R. A.
Published: November 2018

We identify a cell type–specific modification of HLA-I using lamprey VLR antibodies as a new class of research reagents.
Congo Basin forest loss dominated by increasing smallholder clearing
Authors: Tyukavina Alexandra , Hansen Matthew C. , Potapov Peter , Parker Diana , Okpa Chima , Stehman Stephen V. , Kommareddy Indrani , Turubanova Svetlana
Published: November 2018

Congo Basin forest loss is dominated by smallholder agriculture with accelerating primary forest loss mirroring population growth.
Ponatinib (AP24534) inhibits MEKK3-KLF signaling and prevents formation and progression of cerebral cavernous malformations
Authors: Choi Jaesung P. , Wang Rui , Yang Xi , Wang Xian , Wang Lu , Ting Ka Ka , Foley Matthew , Cogger Victoria , Yang Zhuo , Liu Feng , Han Zhiming , Liu Renjing , Baell Jonathan , Zheng Xiangjian
Published: November 2018

Ponatinib, a cancer drug, inhibits occurrence and growth of cerebral cavernous malformation in mouse models.
The optimal mating distance resulting from heterosis and genetic incompatibility
Authors: Wei Xinzhu , Zhang Jianzhi
Published: November 2018

Offspring are fittest when parents are genetically neither too close nor too distant from each other.
Calcified nodules in retinal drusen are associated with disease progression in age-related macular degeneration
Authors: Tan Anna C. S. , Pilgrim Matthew G. , Fearn Sarah , Bertazzo Sergio , Tsolaki Elena , Morrell Alexander P. , Li Miaoling , Messinger Jeffrey D. , Dolz-Marco Rosa , Lei Jianqin , Nittala Muneeswar G. , Sadda Srinivas R. , Lengyel Imre , Freund K. Bailey , Curcio Christine A.
Published: November 2018

Hydroxyapatite nodules in retinal drusen may indicate risk for progression to advanced age-related macular degeneration.
Enhanced detection of circulating tumor DNA by fragment size analysis
Authors: Mouliere Florent , Chandrananda Dineika , Piskorz Anna M. , Moore Elizabeth K. , Morris James , Ahlborn Lise Barlebo , Mair Richard , Goranova Teodora , Marass Francesco , Heider Katrin , Wan Jonathan C. M. , Supernat Anna , Hudecova Irena , Gounaris Ioannis , Ros Susana , Jimenez-Linan Mercedes , Garcia-Corbacho Javier , Patel Keval , Østrup Olga , Murphy Suzanne , Eldridge Matthew D. , Gale Davina , Stewart Grant D. , Burge Johanna , Cooper Wendy N. , van der Heijden Michiel S. , Massie Charles E. , Watts Colin , Corrie Pippa , Pacey Simon , Brindle Kevin M. , Baird Richard D. , Mau-Sørensen Morten , Parkinson Christine A. , Smith Christopher G. , Brenton James D. , Rosenfeld Nitzan
Published: November 2018

Selective sequencing or in silico analysis for differences in DNA fragment size can improve the detection of circulating tumor DNA.
One size does not fit all: Size-based plasma DNA diagnostics
Authors: Heitzer Ellen , Speicher Michael R.
Published: November 2018

Understanding the biological properties of plasma cell-free DNA may expand its applications in oncology.
Lysophosphatidic acid represses autophagy in prostate carcinoma cells
Authors: Genc Gizem E. , Hipolito Victoria E.B. , Botelho Roberto J. , Gumuslu Saadet
Published: November 2018

Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is a small signaling phospholipid that mediates diverse functions including cell proliferation, migration, and survival by engaging LPA-agonized G-protein coupled receptors. Autophagy is a survival mechanism in response to nutrient depletion or organellar damage that encloses idle or damaged organelles within autophagosomes that are then delivered to lysosomes for degradation. However, the relationship between LPA and autophagy is largely unknown. The purpose of this study is to elucidate whether LPA affects autophagy through the ERK1/2 and (or) the Akt–mTOR signaling pathways. In this study, we investigated the effect of LPA on autophagy-regulating pathways in various prostate-derived cancer cells including PC3, LNCaP, and Du145 cells grown in complete medium and exposed to serum-free medium. Using Western blotting and ELISA, we determined that LPA stimulates the ERK and mTOR pathways in complete and serum-free medium. The mTOR pathway led to phosphorylation of S6K and ULK, which respectively stimulates protein synthesis and arrests autophagy. Consistent with this, LPA exposure suppressed autophagy as measured by LC3 maturation and formation of GFP-LC3 puncta. Altogether, these results suggest that LPA suffices to activate mTORC1 and suppress autophagy in prostate cancer cells.
Acausal quantum theory for non-Archimedean scalar fields
Authors: Mendoza-Martínez M. L. , Vallejo J. A. , Zúñiga-Galindo W. A.
Published: November 2018

We construct a family of quantum scalar fields over a [Formula: see text]-adic spacetime which satisfy [Formula: see text]-adic analogues of the Gårding–Wightman axioms. Most of the axioms can be formulated in the same way for both the Archimedean and non-Archimedean frameworks; however, the axioms depending on the ordering of the background field must be reformulated, reflecting the acausality of [Formula: see text]-adic spacetime. The [Formula: see text]-adic scalar fields satisfy certain [Formula: see text]-adic Klein–Gordon pseudo-differential equations. The second quantization of the solutions of these Klein–Gordon equations corresponds exactly to the scalar fields introduced here. The main conclusion is that there seems to be no obstruction to the existence of a mathematically rigorous quantum field theory (QFT) for free fields in the [Formula: see text]-adic framework, based on an acausal spacetime.
Best-Possible Online Algorithms for Single Machine Scheduling to Minimize the Maximum Weighted Completion Time
Authors: Chai Xing , Lu Lingfa , Li Wenhua , Zhang Liqi
Published: November 2018

In this paper, we consider the online single machine scheduling problem to minimize the maximum weighted completion time of the jobs. For the preemptive problem, we show that the LW (Largest Weight first) rule yields an optimal schedule. For the non-preemptive problem, Li [Li, W (2015). A best possible online algorithm for the parallel-machine scheduling to minimize the maximum weighted completion time. Asia-Pacific Journal of Operational Research, 32(4), 1550030 (10 pages)] presented a lower bound 2, and then provided an online algorithm with a competitive ratio of 3. In this paper, we present two online algorithms with the best-possible competitive ratio of [Formula: see text] for the non-preemptive problem.
Location Recognition Algorithm for Vision-Based Industrial Sorting Robot via Deep Learning
Authors: Wu Xiru , Ling Xingyu , Liu Jinxia
Published: November 2018

In this paper, the deep convolutional neural network (DCNN) is applied to locating and recognizing complex workpieces automatically for the vision-based sorting robot in industrial production process. Firstly, in order to obtain the location of workpieces, the pixel projection algorithm (PPA), which consists of pre-procession and pixel projection operation, is presented to eliminate uneven illumination, and locate and segment workpieces images. Then, we get the objective information and identify the object by training DCNN, which is used to recognize the rational degree and type of workpieces at a high rate of speed. Finally, experimental results prove the validity of the location-recognition algorithms for the vision-based sorting robot. The location error and recognition accuracy can be significantly improved in the experimental environment.
FPGA Virtualization Mechanism Based on Heterogeneous Zynq Platforms
Authors: Chai Zhilei , Liu Wei , Wu Qin , He Qunfang , Chen Wenjie
Published: November 2018

FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array) has the advantages of parallelism and reconfigurability, therefore, it is widely used in areas such as image processing, robotics and artificial intelligence. However, the development of FPGA currently involves too many hardware details, so it lacks extensibility for different platforms and flexibility for system level management and scheduling. In this paper, we propose an FPGA Virtualization Mechanism (FVM), which divides physical resources into pages (virtual resources). We use the technology of PR (Partial Reconfiguration) and the method of intermediate form to lift the extensibility and performance. We implement FVM in our platform VSC (Vary Super Computer System). Experiment results show that FVM can solve the problem of extensibility and flexibility, with high performance.
Hunting the gravitational waves: From Einstein to LIGO
Authors: Shi Yu
Published: November 2018

This is a popular introduction to the scientific background of the detection of gravitational waves, starting from relativity and gravitation. It originates in a Chinese popular article the author wrote for the second Fudan-Zhongzhi Science Award presented to the three scientists who twelve days later also received the 2017 Nobel Prize in Physics.
Bardeen regular black hole as a quantum-corrected Schwarzschild black hole
Authors: Maluf R. V. , Neves Juliano C. S.
Published: November 2018

Bardeen regular black hole is commonly considered as a solution of general relativity coupled to a nonlinear electrodynamics. In this paper, it is shown that the Bardeen solution may be interpreted as a quantum-corrected Schwarzschild black hole. This new interpretation is obtained by means of a generalized uncertainty principle applied to the Hawking temperature. Moreover, using the regular black hole of Bardeen, it is possible to evaluate the quantum gravity parameter of the generalized uncertainty principle or, assuming the recent upper bounds for such a parameter, to verify an enormous discrepancy between a cosmological constant and that measured by recent cosmological observations [Formula: see text].
Dynamics of perfect fluid collapse in f(𝒢,T) gravity
Authors: Sharif M. , Gul M. Zeeshan
Published: November 2018

This paper investigates the dynamics of perfect fluid spherical collapse in curvature-matter coupled gravity. Using Darmois junction conditions, we derive smooth matching of both interior and exterior regions. The dynamical equations are formulated through Misner–Sharp formalism that give the collapse rate for both general and constant curvature terms. Finally, we formulate a relationship between correction terms, Weyl scalar and matter variables. For constant value of [Formula: see text], it is found that the metric is conformally flat if and only if energy density of the collapsing system is homogeneous while the positive correction terms decrease the collapse rate.