bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An association between dimensions and bridging of the sella turcica and dental anomalies
Authors:   Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Altınbaș University, Bakırköy / İstanbul, Turkey, Akan Seden , Akar Nevin Kaptan ,   Department of Orthodontics, İstanbul Myedipol University Faculty of Dentistry, İstanbul, Turkey
Published: April 2021

Introduction The aim of this study was to determine the incidence of bridging of the sella turcica and the dimensions of the Sella in subjects with dental anomalies (transpositions, hypodontia, and supernumerary teeth) and to compare them to controls. Methodology Lateral cephalograms from 25 patients with dental transposition, 88 with hypodontia, and 26 with supernumerary teeth were evaluated. The shape, length, depth, diameter, and bridging of the Sella turcica were determined from radiographs and compared to those of control group (n=52). For statistical analysis, one-way ANOVA, Tukey post-hoc test, chi-squared test and T-test (to evaluate the influence of craniofacial growth) were used. Results The frequency of complete calcification of the Sella was greater in the group with supernumerary teeth (23%) and in the group with hypodontia (14.7%), while partial calcification of the Sella was more frequent in the control group (77%) and in the group with supernumerary teeth (73%)(p<0.05). The depth of the Sella was greater in the group with dental transposition. Oval and round Sella shapes were more frequent in all groups, and a flat Sella was rarely seen. In terms of the influence of growth on the dimensions of the Sella, there was no statistically significant difference between pre- and post-treatment radiographs. Conclusion Significant relationships were found between dental anomalies and bridging and shape of the Sella. The Sella was also significantly deeper in patients with dental transposition. The bridging and shape of the Sella may be useful in the diagnosis of dental anomalies in early childhood.
The influence of the oral microbiome on general health
Authors:   Department of Oral Medicine, Faculty of Dentistry, RSU Institute of Stomatology, Rīga Stradiņš University, Rīga, Latvia, Rohr Johannes Friedrich Carl , Rozenblats Aldis ,   Department of Oral Medicine, Faculty of Dentistry, RSU Institute of Stomatology, Rīga Stradiņš University, Rīga, Latvia, Selga Guntars ,   Department of Oral Medicine, Faculty of Dentistry, RSU Institute of Stomatology, Rīga Stradiņš University, Rīga, Latvia, Čēma Ingrīda ,   Department of Oral Medicine, Faculty of Dentistry, RSU Institute of Stomatology, Rīga Stradiņš University, Rīga, Latvia
Published: April 2021

Background The oral microbiome hosts a large number of microorganisms that play a critical role in oral and general health. Many factors can cause dysbiosis of the otherwise beneficial interrelationship between host and microbiome. Understanding and identifying microbial shifts and keystone pathogens that correlate with general diseases of the body holds many opportunities. Objective The aim of this literature review is to present scientific evidence about disease-associated microbial shifts in the oral cavity, the effect on oral and general health and give the reader insights into alternative, new treatment approaches. This review is also intended to inspire practitioners to consider a more holistic care approach. Data sources A search was performed using PubMed, Google Scholar and ScienceDirect. The general key terms used were: “Oral microbiome AND health”, “Oral microbiome AND general disease”. Disease-specific searches were performed. Articles found by cross-referencing were included. Study selection Original studies and meta-analyses were included. Articles published in 2012 or later were preferentially considered. Reviews were included if deemed valuable and labelled in the text. Articles not written in English were excluded. Data extraction The reviewer assessed each article for their relevance and methodology. Results were evaluated according to their sample size and whether or not the same result was replicated in different studies. Data synthesis Individual etiological factors correlate with several, seemingly unrelated diseases. This article directs the reader towards understanding the more unusual interconnections and utilizing multidisciplinary treatment approaches, that are aimed at reestablishing an overall balance within the oral microbiome.
A educação alimentar e nutricional nas escolas no combate à fome e a desnutrição infantil: uma revisão bibliográfica
Authors: Rodrigues Ronneo Lúcio Silva , Carvalho Rubens da Silva , Benevides Elivania de Souza , Fontana Dalvina Costa , Das Neves Paulina Pedro , Tuão Alícia Real , Junior Evilásio Mussy Caetano , Pacheco Dilmeia Fernandes , Costalonga Delcenir Porto , Cruz Valkiria Santana das Neves
Published: April 2021

Objetivo: Apresentar como a educação alimentar e nutricional nas escolas promove o combate à fome e a desnutrição infantil. Revisão bibliográfica: A fome e a desnutrição infantil foram problemas recorrentes no Brasil nas décadas passadas, e com a crise econômica vem se tornando um novo problema social que dificilmente será sanado a curto prazo. Instruir através do ambiente escolar políticas alimentares saudáveis e sustentáveis se faz uma maneira de lidar com o problema, construindo uma ponte entre educação e saúde pública, na busca por uma sociedade mais saudável e menos afetada pela desigualdade social. A escola é o ambiente que garante a alimentação de muitas crianças e adolescentes no Brasil, fazendo com que a baixa renda de muitas famílias não favoreça a falta de insumos básicos. Uma ou duas alimentações diárias no cotidiano escolar representa uma alternativa para a redução dos dados da desnutrição, e abre portas para que o Estado poça inserir alimentações mais saudáveis e nutritivas. Considerações finais: Compreende-se, portanto, que o direito à vida está completamente ligado às garantias educacionais e alimentares, e que a escola é um ambiente propício para promover o contato das futuras gerações com a boa alimentação.
Optical coherence tomography angiography findings in diabetic macular edema
Authors: Cano-Hidalgo Rene Alfredo , Urrea-Victoria Tatiana
Published: April 2021

Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A) was developed as an extension of OCT imaging. This technology allowed for the visualization of retinal microvasculature in vivo, without the need for contrast dye, provides depth-resolved images of blood flow in the retina and choroid with levels of detail far exceeding that obtained with older forms of imaging. OCT-A has been recently used for noninvasive evaluation of macular and peripapillary capillary network alterations in diabetic retinopathy, and the ability to clearly visualize microvascular changes has allowed for a better assessment of the microvascular retinal alterations, retinal ischemia, and neovascularization in diabetic macular edema (DME) patient. The present paper aims to review the most recent information about the findings for diagnostic interpretation in DME using OCT angiography.
Syntheses and identification of cefotaxime-non-transition metal complexes
Authors: Mohamed S. Teleb  , Soha F. Mohammed  , Akmal S. Gaballa
Published: April 2021

The coordination chemistry of the biologically active cefotaxime sodium and, in particular, the mode of its interaction with some metal ions of electronic configuration d0 (alkaline earth) and others, Zn(II), Pb(II), and Ce ions with the electronic configuration d10  has been investigated. Seven complexes were synthesized, isolated in the solid-state, and characterized by elemental analyses, conductivity measurements, IR and UV/VIS spectra, as well as thermal analyses. Based on the obtained experimental data and literature, the structural formulae to these complexes were suggested and formulated as [Mg(cef)2].2H2O (1), [Ca(cef)2].2H2O (2) [Sr(cef)2].2H2O (3), [Ba(cef)2].2H2O (4), [Zn(cef)2(H2O)2] (5), [Pb(cef)2(H2O)2].4H2O (6) and [Ce(cef)2(H2O)2].3H2O (7). The data obtained show that cefotaxime interacted with metal in a molar ratio of 2:1, respectively. Cefotaxime bonded to metal ions in the anionic form as a bidentate ligand through the lactam carbonyl (C=O) and the carboxylate group (COO-). Tetrahedral and octahedral shapes were proposed as the most likely geometries associated with a metal having such electronic configurations. The absorption bands observed in the electronic spectrum of free cefotaxime are also observed with some shifts in the spectra of its complexes, indicating their formation. The absorption bands of free cefotaxime and its complexes were assigned to electronic transitions. The thermal analyses date strongly support the structures proposed for the complexes and indicate the formation of the corresponding metal oxide as a final decomposition product.
Las crisis del espacio Schengen:
Authors: Zamarripa Ruiz Marlene
Published: April 2021

El presente artículo aborda las sucesivas dificultades por las que ha atravesado el espacio Schengen, la zona libre de controles fronterizos en Europa, provocadas por los distintos problemas que han afectado la integración europea en las últimas décadas, entre los más significativos la crisis de los refugiados, y recientemente, la pandemia por Covid-19. Estas circunstancias han provocado la reintroducción de controles fronterizos en los países que integran el espacio Schengen, lo cual daña no sólo la libre movilidad de personas, sino al mercado único europeo, al ser un aspecto necesario para el funcionamiento de éste. Por ello, es necesario extraer las lecciones que estas crisis han dejado para la supervivencia del espacio Schengen como un elemento indispensable de la integración europea.
Pedagoška praksa in pedagoške kompetence v procesu izobraževanja prihodnjih učiteljev pihal / Teaching practice and pedagogical competences in the process of training future teachers of wind instruments
Authors: Šantl Zupan Karolina
Published: April 2021

Modern trends of education encourage students to engage in their learning process though variety of practical teaching experience`s elements, including professional qualification, teaching conduct opportunities and interinstitutional cooperation. Practical teaching experience is recognised as a complex multidisciplinary area of education crucial for gaining pedagogical competences for the vocational practise. Our study includes research on the importance of practical teaching experience, its actual conduct and its impact on the student`s learning curve. Study’s results discuss quality and impact of practical teaching experience on gaining specific competences within the pedagogic field.
Glasbeno delovanje Heriberta Svetela v Ljubljani / Heribert Svetel’s Music Activities in Ljubljana
Authors: Ivec Anja
Published: April 2021

Composer, teacher, and conductor Heribert Svetel (1895−1962) lived and worked in Ljubljana in the first half of the 20th century. The article is mainly based on documents from family archives, owned by his granddaughter Marjeta Keršič Svetel, and provides an outline of his life with the major turning points, musical involvement in Choral Societies (Slavec, Sloga), and composition oeuvre in Ljubljana until 1946, when he left the capital and moved to Maribor.
Analiza kompozicijskega stavka Alojza Srebotnjaka v orkestralni skladbi Slovenica / Analysis of Compositional Tehniques of Alojz Srebotnjak in the Orchestral Work Slovenica
Authors: Slakan Tilen
Published: April 2021

The following article presents a detailed analysis of compositional techniques in the orchestral work Slovenica for Brass, Percussion and Strings (1976) by Alojz Srebotnjak. It discusses the composer‘s intertwinment of folklore elements with the sonority of compositional processes in the 20th century. Throughout all three sentences Srebotnjak uses multiple linking compositional elements that he complexly intertwines on different levels of musical texture. The structure is also tightly connected to the concept of constructing different musical textures, melodical patterns, orchestral and dinamic constrasts, and harmonic systems.
Expected Post-Pandemic Consumption and Scarred Expectations from COVID-19
Authors: Knotek Edward S. , McMain Michael , Schoenle Raphael S. , Dietrich Alexander M. , Myrseth Kristian Ove R. , Weber Michael
Published: April 2021

The COVID-19 vaccination drive raises questions about the trajectory of the economic recovery and the pandemic’s impact on consumers’ longer-term behaviors. In this Commentary, we examine the evolution of consumers’ expectations for their post-crisis spending on services that have been dramatically curtailed by the pandemic: visiting restaurants, bars, and hotels, using public transportation, and attending crowded events. We document a U-shaped pattern of expected future use of these services, with growing pessimism in summer 2020 that had largely reversed by fall 2020—for most groups. More recently, higher-income individuals have indicated that they expect to sharply increase their use of these services compared with their pre-pandemic behaviors, but there has been a notable scarring of expectations among older Americans.
MODEL PERUBAHAN PENGGUNAAN LAHAN DI WILAYAH PERI URBAN KOTA MALANG
Authors: Rofii Imam
Published: April 2021

Perkembangan fisik kota terkadang melewati batas-batas administrasi kota itu sendiri. Ukuran kota yang mengalami sprawl terus membesar hingga pada suatu saat seolah-olah menyatu dengan kota-kota di sekitarnya sehingga menjadikan dua atau lebih kawasan yang secara administrasi berbeda (terpisah) jadi satu kesatuan kenampakan kekotaan (kota metropolitan) dengan bentuk dan fungsi-fungsi bangunan yang berkarakteristik kota. Kota Malang telah berkembang menjadi pusat aktifitas sehingga meningkatkan kebutuhan akan lahan. keterbatasan lahan di dalam Kota Malang menyebabkankan terjadinya perkembangan kota menjalar kewilayah-wilayah lain disekitarnya. Kabupaten Malang sebagai salah satu wilayah yang berbatasan dengan Kota Malang menerima dampaknya. pada umumnya keberadaan Urban Sprawl di suatu wilayah di tandai dengan munculnya permukiman di pinggiran kota, demikian pula yang terjadi di Kabupaten Malang

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk membangun model perubahan penggunaan lahan dan perkembangan Urban Sprawl di Kawasan peri urban Kota Malang. Dengan menggunakan pendekatan Model IDRISI SELVA - Land Use change Modeller.

Pada kurun waktu 2004-2014 perubahan penggunaan lahan di Kawasan Kota Malang didominasi oleh peningkatan penggunaan lahan terbangun. Selama  10  (sepuluh) tahun lahan terbangun bertambah sebesar 45% untuk mengakomodasi pertumbuhan penduduk sebesar 6.877,60 jiwa. Dari pola perubahan tersebut di prediksi bahwa kebutuhan lahan untuk lahan terbangun pada tahun 2030 adalah sebesar 208.91 ha untuk mengakomodasi pertumbuhan penduduk pada tahun 2030 sebesar 1.326.56 jiwa, faktor pendorong perubahan lahan yang paling mempengaruhi adalah faktor jarak terhadap bangunan dengan nilai 40%. Model yang dibangun dengan pendekatan Land Use change Modeller sangat baik dan dapat digunakan karena memiliki tingkat validasi 83.42% sehingga model yang di bangun dapat digunakan sebagai basis prediksi perubahan lahan di tahun 2030. Perubahan penggunaan lahan non terbangun menjadi lahan terbangun di tahun 2004-2014 sebesar 45% diiringi dengan peningkatan jumlah penduduk rata-rata sebesar 1,25% hal ini mengindikasikan fenomena Urban Sprawl dan perubahan penggunaan lahan non terbangun menjadi terbangun. hasil prediksi tahun 2030 sebesar 61% dengan prediksi pertumbuhan penduduk rata-rata sebesar 1.78% hal ini mengindikasikan terjadi fenome urban Sprawl.

 

 
INDEKS VEGETASI PADA KAWASAN HUTAN DI KABUPATEN PEKALONGAN
Authors: Pradana Brian , Pugara Ade , Priambudi Bagus Nuari
Published: April 2021

Pada era saat ini hutan memegang peranan yang penting bagi keseimbagan kehidupan baik dari sisi air, tanah dan udara. Keseimbangan ini tentunya perlu dijaga dan dipertahankan agar berfungsi sebagaimana mestinya. Seiring dengan berkembangnya zaman, monitoring kawasan berkembang dengan sangat cepat, dari yang dulunya harus meninjau lokasi satu per satu namun sekarang dapat menggunakan citra untuk membantu melakukan monitoring pada kawasan hutan. Tujuan dalam penelitian ini adalah mengetahui nilai indeks vegetasi yang ada di kawasan hutan Kabupaten Pekalongan. Dalam penelitian ini akan menggunakan citra Landsat 8 sebagai basis datanya. Metode yang digunakan adalah analisis deskriptif kuantitatif dengan pendekatan GIS berbasis indeks vegetasi (NDVI). Hasil yang didapatkan adalah Indeks vegetasi hutan di Kabupaten Pekalongan berkisar antara + - 0,0503681 sampai 0,579192. Untuk indeks nilai min dan max paling tinggi terdapat di Kecamatan Petungkriyono, sedangkan untuk nilai mean paling tinggi adalah di Kecamatan Karangdadap yaitu dengan nilai 0,420. Secara keseluruhan indeks vegetasi hutan di Kabupaten Pekalongan tergolong dalam kategori baik dengan mayoritas merupakan kelas kerapatan tinggi sebesar 43,41% dan kelas kerapatan sedang sebesar 40,72%.
Preliminary Study :Faktor Determinan Aktivitas Parkir Kapal Yang Berpengaruh Terhadap Kualitas Air Sungai Silugonggo
Authors: Rahman Boby , Aryanto Muhammad Sidiq
Published: April 2021

ABSTRAK
Sungai Silugonggo merupakan salah satu sungai di Kabupaten Pati Kecamatan Juwana yang memiliki aktivitas sungai yang padat. Salah satu aktivitas Sungai Silugonggo adalah parkir kapal yang berjejer hingga muara laut. Aktivitas parkir kapal ini memiliki potensi untuk dapat mencemari sungai. Sehingga dianalisis variabel parkir kapal apa yang secara determinan dapat memberikan pengaruh terhadap pencemaran sungai. Dengan metodologi kuantitatif dan Teknik analisis determinan, maka didapatkan bahwa variabel lama waktu parkir kapal dan lama parkir berdasarkan ukuran kapal mempunyai pengaruh terhadap tingkat pencemaran sungai.

Kata Kunci : Parkir kapal, Analisis Determinan, Pencemaran Sungai

 

ABSTRACT

Silugonggo River is one of the rivers in Pati District, Juwana District, which has dense river activity. One of the activities of the Silugonggo River is parking the boats that line the mouth of the sea. This boat parking activity has the potential to pollute the river. So that the ship parking analysis variable can determinedly have an influence on river pollution. With quantitative methodology and determinant analysis techniques, it is found that the variables of ship parking time and length of time are determined based on the size of the ship which affects the level of river pollution.

Keywords: ship parking, determinant analysis, river pollution
ONEROSIDADE EXCESSIVA E CONTRATOS DERIVATIVOS
Authors: Eisaqui Daniel Dela Coleta , Tejerina-Velazquez Victor Hugo
Published: April 2021

O presente artigo se propõe a analisar a aplicabilidade da intervenção judicial por onerosidade excessiva nos contratos derivativos. Utiliza-se o método dedutivo, partindo da revisão contratual como fruto do constitucionalismo para concluir que todo o direito privado, inclusive o de mercado de capitais, está sujeito aos direitos humanos que conferem ao direito função de limitador de perda. Assim, a partir da hermenêutica doutrinária quanto aos conceitos de contratos derivativos/aleatórios e quanto à relação entre álea contratual e assunção de riscos pelas partes, estudar-se-á a possibilidade de se revisar ou mesmo resolver contratos derivativos sob o manto da onerosidade excessiva superveniente. Os derivativos assumem cada vez maior relevância com a ampliação do mercado de ações, valores e capitais, de modo que sua suscetibilidade a fatos exógenos à relação subjacente merece acurado estudo, para o fim de encontrar meios profiláticos e saneadores aos efeitos de alteração das circunstâncias, observadas a estabilidade institucional e a segurança jurídica. Desta forma, apesar de o risco ser inerente aos derivativos, a revisão contratual se autoriza quando os níveis de variação excederem o que era possível considerar à época da contratação. Ademais, conclui-se que, em razão da eficácia dos direitos humanos fundamentais sobre o ordenamento jurídico, inclusive o direito privado, que materializa a dignidade humana como limitadora de perdas, a revisão dos contratos deve ser aplicada também aos derivativos.
ANÁLISE ECONÔMICA DO DIREITO APLICADA AO PODER JUDICIÁRIO BRASILEIRO: A FUNÇÃO JUDICANTE COMO “FALHA DE MERCADO”
Authors: Nadim de Lazari Rafael José , De Oliveira Edson Freitas
Published: April 2021

O presente estudo busca demonstrar que a ineficiência do Poder Judiciário brasileiro o transformou no que os juristas adeptos da Análise Econômica do Direito denominam de falha de mercado. O trabalho define, inicialmente, a própria Análise Econômica do Direito, especialmente e intencionalmente através dos estudos de R. H. Coase, um dos fundadores da escola Law & Economics, porque mais adequados ao ambiente das relações privadas. O estudo está, assim, delimitado na esfera privada, de forma a analisar as soluções que o Direito pode encontrar para as imperfeições de mercado, trazendo para o âmbito jurídico resultados de estudos econômicos. Se reconhece que as empresas, sempre na lição de R. H. Coase, são formas criadas para reduzir custos de transação e que imperfeições de mercado não podem ser solucionadas sem a intervenção do Poder Judiciário (nem pelo próprio mercado, nem pelas empresas), porque os contratos não permitem mais, em dias atuais, um grau de autonomia suficiente para trazer a solução a todas as falhas de mercado e porque os negócios cada vez mais atingem terceiros, que não fazem parte das relações contratuais. Após trazer as definições e aspectos envolvendo as falhas de mercado, o estudo passa a analisar o grau de (in)eficiência do Poder Judiciário no país, concluindo que, incapaz de dar solução aos conflitos que poderiam corrigir imperfeições de mercado (especialmente pela morosidade e altos custos) e, portanto, criar ambiente favorável para o desenvolvimento econômico, o próprio Poder Judiciário tornou-se uma falha de mercado. Utilizou-se para desenvolvimento do presente trabalho a pesquisa bibliográfica, além da análise histórica. A metodologia utilizada é a hipotético-dedutiva.
GARANTISMO, ATIVISMO E O ESTUPRO DE VULNERÁVEL: REFLEXÕES HIPOTÉTICAS A PARTIR DO “FAZER ATIVISTA” DOS JUIZADOS DA INFÂNCIA E DA JUVENTUDE
Authors: Ferreira Gomes Olegário Gurgel , Santiago Nestor Eduardo Araruna
Published: April 2021

A Justiça da Infância e Adolescência parece projetar um natural ativismo como decorrência direta de seus fins de proteção. Afinal, o que mais caracteriza a justiça especializada é o esforço em promover direitos fundamentais, agindo de forma a salvaguardar a criança na integralidade de suas posições jurídicas. O “fazer ativista” representa uma importante oportunidade para entender o papel da jurisdição, principalmente no que diz respeito aos fins do Poder Judiciário. O objetivo do artigo é investigar a suposta natureza ativista da Justiça da Infância e Adolescência, analisando situações hipotéticas acerca do crime de estupro de vulnerável, tema com o qual se espera contrapor os valores de proteção e de imparcialidade. Serão analisadas três circunstâncias, a liberdade sexual, a relação entre família e tutela estatal e os abusos que incidem sobre o consentimento para o sexo. A abordagem metodológica é a qualitativa, com pesquisa bibliográfica e documental. Espera-se, ao final, concluir que a estrita legalidade, na concepção conferida pelo garantismo, oferece meios hermenêuticos aptos a conciliar a proteção da lei com a proteção dos direitos de crianças e adolescentes.
MOVIMENTOS SOCIAIS COMO INSTRUMENTOS DE TUTELA DE DIREITOS HUMANOS NA AMÉRICA LATINA
Authors: Jank Calixto Angela , Coimbra de Carvalho Luciani
Published: April 2021

A tutela de direitos e necessidades básicas dos cidadãos latino-americanos decorre de constantes reivindicações sociais destinadas a tornar efetivos os direitos protegidos no Sistema Interamericano de Proteção de Direitos Humanos. Diante da relevância da compreensão do importante papel que a sociedade civil possui no processo de adequação das práticas e políticas internas às normas regionais de proteção humana, procura-se, por meio da adoção do método dedutivo e da condução de uma pesquisa qualitativa, exploratória e bibliográfica, evidenciar como os movimentos sociais contribuem para a busca pela melhoria das condições de vida dos cidadãos da região. Por meio da constatação de que as mobilizações sociais, ante sua aptidão de pressionar governos, possibilitam a progressiva construção de espaços públicos destinados a garantir o exercício da cidadania, conclui-se que tais mobilizações, sejam elas de cunho identitário, material, cultural ou simbólico, são de essencial importância para transformações políticas, sociais e culturais no cenário latino-americano, sobretudo no que se refere à tutela de direitos humanos.
O RISCO DA CORRUPÇÃO NA ARBITRAGEM: UMA VISÃO DA METODOLOGIA INTERNACIONAL DAS RED-FLAGS DIANTE DAS TENDÊNCIAS E APLICAÇÕES DA LEGISLAÇÃO BRASILEIRA
Authors: Nóbrega Theresa Christine de Albuquerque , De Lima Alberto Jonathas Maia
Published: April 2021

O presente artigo tem por objetivo analisar como a corrupção pode ser analisada nos processos arbitrais. Com a ampliação da utilização da arbitragem envolvendo a Administração Pública é necessária uma reflexão sobre o tratamento da corrupção por entidades e julgadores privados.  A prática internacional oferece algumas diretrizes e casos julgados que podem nortear possíveis soluções.  Diante desse novo cenário, será possível traçar pelo menos três posições para o tratamento da corrupção na arbitragem e também encontrar na legislação nacional algumas soluções jurídicas para essa problemática. Para tanto, será utilizada metodologia de revisão teórico-bibliográfica de autores nacionais e estrangeiros que abordam direta ou indiretamente o assunto. O procedimento metodológico utilizado será o dedutivo, partindo-se da análise macroanalítica dos institutos do Corrupção a Arbitragem, aplicando-os na especificidade do assunto.
A INSTITUIÇÃO FISCAL INDEPENDENTE DO BRASIL EM PERSPECTIVA COMPARADA: EM BUSCA DE VIRTUDES E FRAGILIDADES
Authors: Cordeiro Rodrigues Diogo Luiz , Conti José Mauricio
Published: April 2021

O presente artigo tem por objetivo investigar as virtudes e as fragilidades da Instituição Fiscal Independente (IFI) do Brasil, tendo por base a literatura internacional, as boas práticas recomendadas por organizações internacionais, a exemplo da Organização para a Cooperação e Desenvolvimento Econômico (OCDE), bem como a experiência do Congressional Budget Office (CBO), a exitosa IFI dos Estados Unidos da América. Ao final, conclui-se que a IFI brasileira possui virtudes evidentes, a exemplo da excelência técnica e da destreza gerencial. Nota-se, contudo, que a instituição pode vir a enfrentar dificuldades em razão da fragilidade jurídica de seu estatuto à luz da Constituição e da Lei de Responsabilidade Fiscal.
EN BUSQUEDA DEL ESTADO DE BIENESTAR A TRAVÉS DE LA FINANCIACION. APORTACIONES DE LA LEGISLACION ESPAÑOLA
Authors: Bobadilla Gonzalo Wandosell-Fernández de , Blanco-Díez Patricia , Guillén-Pérez Carmen-Belén
Published: April 2021

La financiación autonómica ha estado en constante evolución en las diferentes etapas a lo largo de estos últimos años. Con este trabajo se observa que la Reforma del año 2009 concluyó con los pilares más sólidos que hasta ahora se habían establecido. Una mayor corresponsabilidad fiscal de la que hasta ahora había en las Comunidades Autónomas, y un mayor logro del Estado de Bienestar como objetivos a conseguir durante este periodo.
The Advice Parents Give Their Children During Police Questioning
Authors: Milne Arran
Published: April 2021

Justice systems often assume that the participation of a trusted adult compensates for the developmental differences young people exhibit when understanding and applying their legal rights. We recruited a community sample of parents with children between the ages of 10-18 years to examine the advice they provided in hypothetical police questioning situations. All participants read scenarios where they imagined their child was being questioned by police, then selected the advice they would give their child. Participants were quasi randomly allocated to the Extra Information (EI) condition (n = 49) or the Business as Usual (BAU) condition (n = 56 ). Those allocated to the EI group watched a video which told them their child’s legal rights, explained these rights to them and explained their role as their child’s nominated person. Those allocated to the BAU group watched a video in which they were informed of their child’s legal rights. Parents then read more scenarios and asked what advice they would give their child. Pre-video advice was problematic with the optimum legal advice being provided 2.85% of the time, and participants advising their child to remain silent 13.57% of the time. Advice improved post-video in both groups, with the EI group improving slightly more than the BAU group. Overall, post-video advice to ‘remain silent’ increased significantly, and post-video advice to ‘tell the police everything’ decreased significantly. However, levels of optimum advice post-video remained low with just over half of participants being unable to provide the optimum legal advice for any of the post-video scenarios. Our results point to gaps in parents’ understanding of their children’s legal rights. This may prevent children from receiving the full benefit of the extra protections accorded to them by law. Future research should examine parents’ advice to their children in actual police interviews to establish the ecological validity of the current study.
Use Of Mᾱori (People, Images And Practices) In New Zealand’s Diplomacy: An Examination Of Symbolism
Authors: Ngawati Nicola
Published: April 2021

The network of diplomatic posts operated by the New Zealand Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade (the Ministry) represent New Zealand on the international stage. Staffed by a combination of diplomatic and locally engaged staff, these posts are New Zealand’s face to the world. A small proportion of the diplomatic staff are Māori (indigenous). Māori art and imagery are used extensively throughout these posts. This research examines the use of Māori (people, images and practices) in New Zealand’s diplomacy. In particular, how specific aspects of New Zealand’s diplomatic practice draw on Māori cultural practices or imagery and what is intended or understood by the symbolism inherent in their use. In the context of the wider physical environment utilized by New Zealand’s offshore presence, these issues are considered through the theoretical lenses of diplomatic symbolism, architectural diplomacy, representation and the use of works of art as image building diplomacy.

In addition to a series of semi-structured interviews with key Ministry staff and an analysis of relevant documents of interest, case studies are utilized. Two of these examine how New Zealand is physically represented in an overseas posting environment in two Pacific contexts. One, a long-standing diplomatic representation in Rarotonga in the Cook Islands (part of the Realm of New Zealand which is self-governing in free association with New Zealand – with close cultural ties with Māori in New Zealand), and the second in a newer relationship in Noumea, New Caledonia (an overseas territory of France). The final case study – Canberra- considers New Zealand’s close relationship with Australia.

Key research findings illustrate the Ministry (and by extension New Zealand) uses various forms of bicultural symbolism (through the use or display of Māori taonga, objects and art forms) to represent New Zealand internationally. In addition, this use of bicultural symbolism does not adequately consider the disconnect between the outward face of the Ministry and the inward realities (specifically related to the position of Māori staff and the Ministry’s policy function). The research contribution will add to knowledge about New Zealand’s diplomatic thought and practice and address the gap in the literature of how New Zealand has used diplomatic symbolism in relation to Māori to express a collective identity as part of New Zealand’s diplomacy.
Characterization of 400 Volt High Impedance Fault with Current and Magnetic Field Measurements
Authors: Sifat Anwarul Islam , McFadden FJ Stevens , Bailey Joseph , Rayudu Ramesh , Hunze A
Published: April 2021

Electrical faults, which can occur at all voltage levels in an electricity supply system, are a health and safety risk. Multi-branch distribution networks represent a significant ongoing challenge for fault detection, with the greatest challenge being high impedance fault (HIF) detection. To date, research has focused at higher voltage levels and fault monitoring sensors have traditionally only been installed in limited locations within the higher voltage networks. The main contributions of this paper are to characterize a high impedance fault (HIF) involving a tree branch and to experimentally verify the feasibility of giant magneto-resistive (GMR) sensors, located distant from the overhead lines, for fault detection. In a purpose-built 400 V physical simulation test facility, we have collected current and magnetic field data during HIF involving a tree branch. We have identified new characteristics in the early stages of this fault type, which persist for a reasonable length of time but are only observable when suitable signal processing techniques are applied. New detection schemes will, therefore, need to be developed to detect such faults. GMR sensors were found to be suitable for observing the characteristics of HIF, validating their potential use for fault detection.

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Analisis Variasi Ketebalan Coating Senyawa Glasir terhadap Daya Tahan Dielektrik Isolator Keramik Saluran Transmisi 150kV
Authors: WARMI YUSRENI , FEBRIAN KAZNI
Published: April 2021

ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui seberapa besar nilai coating isolator yang dapat ditembus listrik berdasarkan Basic Insulator Level (BIL). Metode yang digunakan dalam perhitungan tegangan tembus listrik ialah metode Anderson dalam hal ini Critical Fashover (CFO). Untuk mengetahui penurunan daya tahan dielektrik isolator dapat dilihat dari seberapa besar tegangan flashover yang dihasilkan. Hasil dari perhitungan disimulasikan dengan MATLAB logika fuzzy. Pada penelitian ini ketika isolator disetting pada coating 0,3 mm dengan waktu kejadian flash 2 μs maka tegangan flashover yang dihasilkan sebesar 1,3 MV. Hasil simulasi ini menunjukan bahwa pada coating 0,3 mm tegangan flashover yang dihasilkan melebihi dari BIL isolator yang sudah ditetapkan yakni sebesar 1,27 MV. Isolator dalam kondisi seperti ini dapat ditembus listrik atau daya tahan dielektriknya menurun. Secara bersamaan ketika kemampuan coating berkurang, maka dapat diklasifikasikan isolator dalam keadaan kotor.Kata kunci: isolator, coating, dielektrik, BIL, dan fashover ABSTRACTThis research aims to determine the value of the insulator that can be penetrated by electricity based on the Basic Insulator Level (BIL). The method used in the calculation of breakdown voltage is the Anderson method, in this case, Critical Flashover (CFO). To know a decrease in the dielectric resistance of the insulator can be seen from whatever the voltage resulting from a large flashover. The results of the calculations simulated with fuzzy logic Matlab. In this research, when the insulator set on a coating of 0.3 mm with a flash event time of 2 μs, then flashover voltage resulted in 1.3 MV. The simulation results show that at the coating 0.3 mm the result of flashover voltage exceeds the BIL insulator that has been set at 1.27 MV. Insulator in this condition can be penetrated by electricity or the dielectric resistance decreases. Simultaneously when the coating ability is reduced, then can be classified as a dirty insulator.Keyword: insulator, coating, dielectric, BIL, and flashover
Pemanfaatan Teknik Pemodelan Digital untuk Meningkatkan Kualitas Bentuk dan Ergonomi pada shoe last Sepatu
Authors: Waskito Mohamad Arif
Published: April 2021

ABSTRAKPada produk sepatu, kenyaman pakai merupakan faktor penting yang harus diperhatikan. Oleh karena itu sepatu yang baik akan memperhatikan kualitas bentuk dan ukuran shoe last pada saat pembuatannya. Ketidaksesuaian bentuk dan ukuran sepatu yang pakai pada kaki akan beresiko menyebabkan cedera secara temporer, bahkan untuk penggunaan dalam waktu lama dapat menimbulkan kecacatan pada kaki. Namun di industri kecil/menengah (IKM) alas kaki penentuan bentuk dan ukuran produk shoe last umumnya tidak melalui prosedur verifikasi yang baku. Penggunaan teknologi pemodelan digital pada pembuatan shoe last akan dapat membantu meningkatkan kualitas bentuk dan ukuran yang dihasilkannya. Melalui metode eksperimentasi digital yang didukung dengan data antropometri anatomi kaki responden lokal diharapkan akan menghasilkan sebuah metode baku perancangan shoe last tersebut. Metode perancangan digital untuk produk shoe last ini diharapkan akan bermanfaat bagi para pelaku usaha kecil alas kaki agar kualitas kenyamanan sepatu yang dibuatnya menjadi lebih baik dan berstandar.Kata kunci: Pemodelan digital, shoe last, IKM, kualitas kenyamanan ABSTRACTIn shoe products, wear comfort is an important factor that must be considered. Therefore, good shoes will pay attention to the quality of the shape and size of the last shoe at the time of manufacture. The improper shape and size of the shoes that are used on the feet will risk causing temporary injury, even for prolonged use, it can cause disability in the feet. However, in the small / medium-sized footwear industry (IKM), determining the shape and size of shoe last products generally does not go through a standard verification procedure. The use of digital modeling technology in making shoe lasts will help improve the quality of the shape and size it produces. Through the digital experimentation method that is supported by anthropometric data on the anatomy of the local respondents' feet, it is hoped that it will produce a standard method of designing the shoe last. It is hoped that this digital design method for shoe last products will be useful for small footwear entrepreneurs so that the quality of the comfort of the shoes they make becomes better and standard.Keywords: Digital modeling, shoe last, SMEs, comfort quality
Classificação de Eventos Extremos de Precipitação em Múltiplas Escalas de Tempo em Belém-PA: Utilizando o Índice de Precipitação Normalizada (Classification of Extreme Precipitation Events in Multiple Time Scales in Belém, PA: Using the Standardized ...)
Authors: Santos Sérgio Rodrigo Quadros dos , Braga Celia Campos , Santos Ana Paula Paes dos , Campos Thamiris Luiza de Oliveira Brandão , Brito José Ivaldo Barbosa de
Published: April 2021

O Índice de Precipitação Normalizada (SPI) é utilizado para quantificar o déficit e/ou excesso de precipitação nas múltiplas escalas de tempo. Ele tem se mostrado bastante útil no monitoramento da precipitação, principalmente pela sua flexibilidade, simplicidade de cálculo e interpretação. Desta forma este estudo tem como objetivo quantificar os eventos extremos secos e chuvosos na cidade de Belém-PA nas escalas de tempo de 3, 6 e 12 meses por meio do SPI. Para isto, utilizaram-se dados mensais de precipitação provenientes da estação meteorológicas de superfície do INMET no período de 1980-2011. Os resultados mostraram que a escala de tempo do SPI é inversamente proporcional à frequência dos eventos de chuva e seca. Os SPIs 3,6 e 12 mostraram mais eventos secos do que chuvosos para a cidade e a maioria dos eventos de chuva e seca estavam associados, principalmente, ao fenômeno ENOS. ABSTRACT The Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) is used to quantify the deficit/ excess rainfall at multiple time scales. It has been very useful in monitoring of precipitation, mainly because of its flexibility, ease of calculation and interpretation. Thus this study aims to quantify the extreme wet and dry events in the city of Belém-PA in time scales of 3, 6 and 12 months by SPI. For this, we used monthly precipitation data from meteorological station at the INMET in the period 1980-2011. The results show that the timescale of the SPI is inversely proportional to the frequency of rain and dry events. The SPIs 3.6 and 12 showed driest events that rainy events to the city and most of the rainfall and drought events were associated, mainly, with the ENSO phenomenon. Key Words: Belem; SPI; Extreme Event.
Análise das Mudanças Ambientais Provocadas pela Expansão Urbana na Cidade de Mossoró-RN, Através do Uso de Técnicas de Sensoriamento Remoto (Environment Change Analysis Due Urban Expansion in Mossoró-RN City, with Remote Sensing)
Authors: Nascimento Francisco das Chagas Araujo , Araújo Fabiane Regina da Cunha Dantas , Santos Carlos Antonio Costa dos , Santos Elder Guedes dos
Published: April 2021

Este trabalho tem como objetivo analisar com base no albedo da superfície, no índice de vegetação por diferença normalizada (IVDN), na temperatura da superfície e no saldo de radiação, as alterações ocorridas na cidade de Mossoró-RN provenientes do aumento da área urbanizada nos anos de 1994 a 2009. Utilizou-se 3 imagens do Mapeador Temático do satélite LANDSAT-5 dos dias 06 de julho de 1994, 06 de julho de 2000 e 31 de julho 2009. O processamento das imagens foi desenvolvido através da ferramenta Model Maker do software ERDAS Image. Os resultados mostraram que a medida que ocorre a aproximação em direção a região central da cidade as maiores temperaturas são registradas e com o distanciamento as temperaturas caem em torno de 3 a 5K. A implantação das construções civis aumentaram as áreas com baixos valores de IVDN por conta da retirada da cobertura da vegetação nativa. A supressão de áreas verdes na região estudada e sua substituição por estruturas urbanas como asfalto e concreto, resultaram no aumento da quantidade de energia disponível para aquecimento, justificando o aumento da temperatura da superfície. Ao longo dos 15 anos decorridos de 1994 a 2009 o crescimento urbano foi visível e consequentemente o aumento do calor aprisionado, podendo assim o centro urbano de Mossoró ser considerado uma ilha de calor urbano.  ABSTRACT This work aims to analyze based on surface albedo, the index of normalized difference vegetation (NDVI), in surface temperature and net radiation, the changes occurred in the town of Mossoró–RN from the increase in urbanized area in the years 1994-2009. We used 3 pictures of the Thematic Mapper satellite LANDSAT – 5 of days July 6, 1994, July 6, 2000 and July 31, 2009. The image processing was developed through the Model Maker tool of ERDAS Image software. The results showed that occurs as the approximation toward the center of the city the highest temperatures are recorded and distancing temperatures drop to around 3 to 5K. The implementation of civil buildings increased areas with low values NDVI due to the removal of native vegetation cover. Suppression of green areas in the study area and its replacement by urban structures such as asphalt and concrete, resulted in increased the amount of energy available for heating, justifies the increase of surface temperature. Over the 15 years elapsed from 1994 to 2009 urban growth was visible and thus increasing the heat trapped, can thus urban center of Mossley be considered an urban heat island. Keywords: urban expansion, heating, vegetation
Mudança no Regime Temporal da Temperatura do Ar e Precipitação Pluviométrica na Região de Rio Largo, Alagoas (Change in the Temporal Regime of Air Temperature and Rainfall in the Region of Rio Largo, Alagoas, Brazil)
Authors: Wanderley Henderson Silva , Carvalho André Luiz de , Fernandes Ronabson Cardoso , Souza José Leonaldo de
Published: April 2021

Compreender como as alterações no clima têm modificado a temperatura do ar e a precipitação pluvial de uma região é essencial, sobretudo para regiões como o Nordeste brasileiro, que apresentam vasto histórico de secas e altas temperaturas. No entanto, estudos com esse fim são escassos ou até mesmo inexistentes para essa região. Deste modo, objetivou-se identificar mudanças ocorridas no regime temporal da temperatura diurna e noturna e na precipitação na região de Rio Largo, Alagoas. Para isto, utilizaram-se dados de temperatura diurna (máxima) e noturna (mínima) compreendidos entre 1973 e 2002, e de precipitação dispostos entre 1973 e 2008. As séries temporais foram submetidas ao teste estatístico SNHT (Standard Normal Homogeneity Test) para identificar possíveis pontos de mudança na média. A análise de regressão linear simples foi utilizada para identificar alterações nas séries temporais, testada por meio do teste t de Student, adotando-se nível de significância estatística de 0,05%, para ambos os testes estatísticos. A análise mostrou que as temperaturas demostraram pontos de mudanças significativos, no entanto, foi observada uma defasagem de quase dez anos entre os pontos. A tendência identificada entre as temperaturas foram opostas entre si, sendo de aumento para a temperatura diurna e de redução para a noturna. A precipitação demostrou tendência de redução, no entanto, não apresentou mudança estatística significativa.  ABSTRACTUnderstanding how changes in climate have changed air temperature and rainfall in a region is essential, especially for regions such as the Brazilian Northeast, which have long history of drought and high temperatures. However, studies for this purpose are scarce or even nonexistent for this region. Thus, this study aimed to identify changes in the temporal regime of daytime and nighttime temperature and rainfall in the region of Rio Largo, Alagoas, Brazil. For this, it was used data of daytime temperature (maximum) and night (minimum) ranging from 1973 to 2002, and rainfall arranged between 1973 and 2008. Time series were submitted to SNHT (Standard Normal Homogeneity Test) statistical test to identify possible change point in average. A simple linear regression analysis was used to identify changes in time series, tested using the Student t test, adopting a significance level of 0.05%, for both statistical tests. The analysis showed that temperatures demonstrated significant change points, however, there was a gap of almost ten years between the points. The trend identified among the temperatures was opposed to each other, with increasing daytime temperature and reduction of nighttime temperature. Rainfall demonstrated trend of reducing, however, showed no statistically significant change.Keywords: daytime and nighttime temperature, SNHT, trend, change point.