bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Persian Version of the Chronic Pain Acceptance Questionnaire
Authors: Mesgarian Fatemeh , Asghari Ali , Shaeiri Mohammad Reza , Broumand Akram
Published: January 2012

Research on the role of acceptance in adjustment to persisting pain has been facilitated by the development of the Chronic Pain Acceptance Questionnaire (CPAQ). However, the CPAQ has not yet been validated amongst Iranian patients with chronic pain. To examine the psychometric properties of the Persian version of the CPAQ (P‐CPAQ), 245 Persian‐speaking chronic pain patients completed a battery of questionnaires, including: the P‐CPAQ, a Pain Self‐Efficacy Questionnaire, a slightly modified Roland and Morris Disability Questionnaire, the Catastrophizing Scale of the Coping Strategies Questionnaire, the Depression and Anxiety Scales of the Depression Anxiety And Stress Scale‐21 and the Pain‐Related Interference and Pain Intensity Scales of the Multidimensional Pain Inventory. Furthermore, to evaluate the reliability of the P‐CPAQ, the measure was completed by 24 chronic pain patients, on two occasions that are 2 weeks apart. The results of the principal component analysis and confirmatory factor analysis yielded a two‐factor solution. Furthermore, the reliability and construct validity of the P‐CPAQ were confirmed. In general, consistent with studies in other countries, the results of the present study indicate that pain acceptance plays an important role in adjustment to chronic pain regardless of cultural and language differences between countries. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Key Practitioner Message

Findings obtained with P‐CPAQ provide support for the psychometric properties of the P‐CPAQ in an Iranian chronic pain population.

The P‐CPAQ's psychometric strengths provide support for its use in both clinical and research settings.
A unified enhanced particle swarm optimization‐based virtual network embedding algorithm
Authors: Zhang Zhongbao , Cheng Xiang , Su Sen , Wang Yiwen , Shuang Kai , Luo Yan
Published: January 2012

Virtual network (VN) embedding is a major challenge in network virtualization. In this paper, we aim to increase the acceptance ratio of VNs and the revenue of infrastructure providers by optimizing VN embedding costs. We first establish two models for VN embedding: an integer linear programming model for a substrate network that does not support path splitting and a mixed integer programming model when path splitting is supported. Then we propose a unified enhanced particle swarm optimization‐based VN embedding algorithm, called VNE‐UEPSO, to solve these two models irrespective of the support for path splitting. In VNE‐UEPSO, the parameters and operations of the particles are well redefined according to the VN embedding context. To reduce the time complexity of the link mapping stage, we use shortest path algorithm for link mapping when path splitting is unsupported and propose greedy k‐shortest paths algorithm for the other case. Furthermore, a large to large and small to small preferred node mapping strategy is proposed to achieve better convergence and load balance of the substrate network. The simulation results show that our algorithm significantly outperforms previous approaches in terms of the VN acceptance ratio and long‐term average revenue. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ascitic fluid due to type II herpes simplex virus infection: Report of a case with immunocytochemical confirmation
Authors: Yoshida Keiko , Miyahira Yoshimitsu , Ishida Mitsuaki , Iwai Muneo , Kagotani Akiko , Arita Namie , Iwamoto Nozomi , Takikita Mikiko , Kojima Fumiyoshi , Okabe Hidetoshi
Published: January 2012

Herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection is usually observed in the oral cavity and external genitals, and HSV peritonitis is extremely rare. Herein, we report a case of type II HSV peritonitis successfully diagnosed by ascitic cytology. A 66‐year‐old Japanese man, who had been treated with steroid inhalation for 5 years due to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, was suspected to have acute cholecystitis. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy and intraoperative cytological examination of ascitic fluid were performed. Cytological study of ascitic fluid revealed that abundant granular cell debris, degenerative cells and apoptotic bodies were present, as well as some single or multinucleated cells with ground glass nuclei. However, vivid mesothelial cells were rarely seen. Immunocytochemical staining for type II HSV was positive in single or multinucleated cells with ground glass nuclei. Therefore, a diagnosis of type II HSV peritonitis was made. This is the first reported case of type II HSV peritonitis successfully diagnosed by ascitic cytology. This report highlights that the presence of abundant cell debris, degenerative cells and apoptotic bodies, and the absence of vivid mesothelial cells are the key cytological findings to suspect HSV peritonitis, and the diagnosis can be confirmed by careful surveillance for characteristic nuclear findings of single or multinucleated cells. The frequency of opportunistic infection is increased because of the increased numbers of iatrogenic immunocompromised patients as seen in this case, therefore, cytological examination is a useful method for early detection of the causative agent of peritonitis including HSV. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2013;41:354–359. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Rhodium (Thiophosphinoyl)(trimethylsilyl)methanide and Bis(thiophosphinoyl)methanide Complexes: S~S vs. C~S Coordination
Authors: Heuclin Hadrien , Carenco Sophie , Le Goff Xavier‐Frédéric , Mézailles Nicolas
Published: January 2012

A comparative study of the coordination modes of a (thiophosphinoyl)(trimethylsilyl)methanide (1–·Li+) and bis(thiophosphinoyl)methanide (2–·Li+) ligand with RhI was carried out. Several complexes were synthesized and characterized. For 1–·Li+, C~S coordination is forced, whereas for 2–·Li+, S~S and C~S coordination can be achieved. In one case, a dynamic equilibrium between these two modes of coordination was observed. DFT calculations were carried out to rationalize this phenomenon and the stability of the methanide compounds.
Bidentate and Tetradentate β‐Aminovinyl Trifluoromethylated Ketones and Their Copper(II) Complexes: Synthesis, Characterization and Redox Chemistry
Authors: Chopin Nicolas , Médebielle Maurice , Pilet Guillaume
Published: January 2012

New polyfunctional bidentate and tetradentate trifluoromethylated enaminone ligands that bear redox‐active and photosensitive moieties were synthesized in moderate to good yields and their coordination chemistry with copper(II) was examined. The crystal structures revealed the formation of mononuclear CuII complexes with all ligands, where the metal ion is located in almost perfect to distorted square planar environments. The deviation from an ideal square plane influences the redox potentials of the metal centre within the complex as demonstrated by cyclic voltammetry. For all the complexes, a stable CuI species was evidenced by a quasireversible reduction step at potentials from –0.48 to –1.08 V (potential standards E0), but the most stable CuI species originated from the CuII complex with the tetradentate ligand. UV/Vis absorption spectra revealed no major differences between the ligands and their CuII complexes.
The varying meaning of forgiveness: Relationship closeness moderates how forgiveness affects feelings of justice
Authors: Wenzel Michael , Okimoto Tyler G.
Published: January 2012

Psychological research has repeatedly shown that victims are more likely to forgive socially close than distant others, but little research has addressed the question whether forgiveness in these two cases actually has the same psychological meaning. As one approach to this issue, the present research investigates how acts of forgiveness aid the restoration of victims' justice feelings through different processes, depending on the closeness of their relationship to the offender. In two studies (Study 1 using a scenario method, Study 2 an autobiographical recall), the victim's perceptions of value consensus with the offender mediated justice‐restoring effects of forgiveness expressed towards a close offender, whereas feelings of status/power mediated justice‐restoring effects of forgiveness expressed towards a distant offender. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ion Selective Electrode for Dopamine Based on a Molecularly Imprinted Polymer
Authors: Pesavento M. , D'Agostino G. , Biesuz R. , Alberti G. , Profumo A.
Published: January 2012

An all‐solid‐state ISE for dopamine (DAHCl) has been developed based on a screen printed graphite electrode modified with a multiwalled carbon nanotubes layer as an ion to electron transducer. The selective membrane is an acrylic polymer molecularly imprinted with the ion of interest (MIP). The polymer is made up of methacrylic acid as functional monomer and ethyleneglycole dimethacrylate as cross linker. The polymerization at 75 °C in the presence of AIBN as initiator was carried out in situ, directly over the CNT‐modified screen printed graphite. The specific site obtained after polymerization and template elution can be considered as the ionophore, and the carboxylic groups as the cation exchanger groups, similarly to the usual ISE membrane. The specificity of the electrode was evaluated by voltammetric methods, and was very good. The potential of the electrode, measured against a double junction Ag/AgCl/KCl (sat.), linearly increases with the dopamine concentration at concentration higher than 10−4 M, but only in salt solution at least 0.1 M. The sensibility was less than nernstian. Not any potential increase was found for the electrode modified with not imprinted polymer (NIP) at the same conditions. The effect of ions in solution was particularly considered.
Determination of Nifuroxazide by Flow Injection Linear Adsorptive Stripping Voltammetry on a Screen‐Printed Carbon Nanofiber Modified Electrode
Authors: Mozo J. D. , Carbajo J. , Sturm J. C. , Núñez‐Vergara L. J. , Salgado P. , Squella J. A.
Published: January 2012

A new, sensitive, reproducible and easy‐to‐use flow‐injection method for determining nifuroxazide based on adsorptive stripping linear sweep voltammetry over screen‐printed carbon electrodes is presented. The presented method is the first report of Nifuroxazide determination using a screen printed electrode and FIA and it is useful for pharmaceutical quality control, specifically, it could be adopted as an effective portable tool for on the shelf quality control at pharmacies.Limits of quantification (LOQ) and detection (LOD) as low as 42 and 10 ng/mL, respectively, were found. An average recovery of 100.7 %, and a standard deviation of 2.5 % indicates acceptable accuracy and precision validating the proposed method.
Analytical solutions and validation of electric field and dielectrophoretic force in a bio‐microfluidic channel
Authors: Nerguizian Vahé , Alazzam Anas , Roman Dacian , Stiharu Ion , Burnier Miguel
Published: January 2012

In a microbiological device, cell or particle manipulation and characterization require the use of electric field on different electrodes in several configurations and shapes. To efficiently design microelectrodes within a microfluidic channel for dielectrophoresis focusing, manipulation and characterization of cells, the designer will seek the exact distribution of the electric potential, electric field and hence dielectrophoresis force exerted on the cell within the microdevice. In this paper we describe the approach attaining the analytical solution of the dielectrophoretic force expression within a microchannel with parallel facing same size electrodes present on the two faces of channel substrates, with opposite voltages on the pair electrodes. Simple Fourier series mathematical expressions are derived for electric potential, electric field and dielectric force between two distant finite‐size electrodes. Excellent agreement is found by comparing the analytical results calculated using MATLAB™ with numerical ones obtained by Comsol. This analytical result can help the designer to perform simple design parametric analysis. Bio‐microdevices are also designed and fabricated to illustrate the theoretical solution results with the experimental data. Experiments with red blood cells show the dielectrophoretic force contour plots of the analytical data matched to the experimental results.
Arbitrary single primer amplification of trace DNA substrates yields sequence content profiles that are discriminatory and reproducible
Authors: Waters James M. , Eariss Graham , Yeadon P. Jane , Kirkbride K. Paul , Burgoyne Leigh A. , Catcheside David E. A.
Published: January 2012

Single primer amplification is shown to yield a DNA profile that is reproducible when based on the sequence content of the amplicons rather than on the pattern of length polymorphism. The sequence‐based profile increases in reliability with increasing numbers of cycles of amplification. This process uses an arbitrarily chosen primer and a low initial annealing temperature in order to amplify sequences from the whole metagenome present in a sample that may contain only trace DNA, and a large number of cycles to select subsets of sequences based on variable amplification efficiency. Using arrays, we demonstrate the utility and limitations of this approach for profiling the large metagenomes typical of soils and the trace DNA present in drug seizures. We suggest that this type of profiling will be most effective once next‐generation sequencing and advanced sequence analysis becomes routine.
Mutation scanning‐based analysis of anisakid larvae from Sillago flindersi from Bass Strait, Australia
Authors: Jabbar Abdul , Khoon Avalene T. W. , Hui Teo X. , Schaeffner Bjoern C. , Jex Aaron R. , Nolan Matthew J. , Lopata Andreas , Gasser Robin B. , Beveridge Ian
Published: January 2012

Anisakidosis is an important fish‐borne disease caused by the larvae of anisakid nematodes, which affects humans and a range of other animals. The accurate identification of members of this nematode group is central to investigating the epidemiology of the parasites and in the surveillance and control of anisakidosis. It is now well known that morphological identification alone does not allow specific identification, particularly of larval stages. To better understand the epidemiology of anisakid nematodes in southern Australian fishes and the potential risks posed to human health, a survey of 50 specimens of the commercially important fish, Sillago flindersi, from Bass Strait, Australia was conducted. We characterised anisakid larvae by PCR‐coupled mutation scanning, sequencing and phylogenetic analyses of the first and second internal transcribed spacers (ITS‐1 and ITS‐2) of nuclear ribosomal DNA. This study revealed that 92% of the S. flindersi examined were infected with anisakids (n=194), which were represented by seven genotypes. Phylogenetic analyses of the genotypes defined herein, together with reference sequence for Anisakis pegreffii and Hysterothylacium sp. from public databases (i.e. GenBank), revealed the presence of A. pegreffii (n=24), Hysterothylacium larval type IV (n=90) and Hysterothylacium larval type VIII (n=80) in S. flindersi. Thus, the PCR‐coupled mutation scanning approach employed herein is an effective tool for the genetic characterisation of anisakid nematodes for diagnostic and analytical purposes (nucleotide sequences reported in this paper are available in the GenBank database under accession nos. JN631796‐809).
Stability of amyloid‐β peptides in plasma and serum
Authors: Bibl Mirko , Welge Volker , Esselmann Hermann , Wiltfang Jens
Published: January 2012

Plasma amyloid‐β peptide (Aβ) levels have been suggested as a biomarker candidate for detecting incipient AD. Aβ peptides are known to be sensitive to distinct preanalytical sample handling, which calls for standardised preanalytical procedures. We investigated serum and plasma samples of 19 patients with no clinical signs of dementia for different preanalytical sample handlings. Both serum and plasma were analysed by the one‐dimensional Aβ‐SDS‐PAGE/immunoblot, either immediately or after storage at room temperature for 24 and 48 h, respectively. The panel of Aβ1–37/38/39/40/42 and Aβ2–40 was evaluated. In both analytical matrices, sample storage led to a significant loss of measurable peptide levels. This effect was most pronounced during the first 24 h of storage and stronger in serum than in plasma. There were no significant differences between the distinct analysed Aβ peptide species regarding these results. The ratios of peptides (e.g. Aβ1–42/Aβ1–40 and Aβ1–42/Aβ1–38) displayed a higher stability under the influence of storage than each single peptide. In conclusion, plasma may be more appropriate than serum for analysing Aβ peptides for routine application. At least, the analysis should be done within 24 h and peptide ratios should be created to minimise artificial results.
Improved xylanase production using apple pomace waste by Aspergillus niger in koji fermentation
Authors: Dhillon Gurpreet Singh , Kaur Surinder , Brar Satinder Kaur , Gassara Fatma , Verma Mausam
Published: January 2012

Xylanase production by Aspergillus niger NRRL‐567 in solid‐state fermentation (koji fermentation) was optimized using 24 factorial design and response surface methodology. The evaluated variables were the initial moisture level and concentration of inducers [veratryl alcohol (VA), copper sulphate (CS), and lactose (LAC)], leading to the response of xylanase production. Initial moisture level and LAC were found to be the most significant variable for xylanase production (p<0.05). The highest xylanase production was observed with 3578.8 ± 65.3 IU/gds (gram dry substrate) under optimal conditions using initial moisture of 85% (v/w), pH 5.0 and inducers VA (2 mM/kg), LAC 2% (w/w), and CS (1.5 mM/kg) after 48 h of incubation time. Higher xylanase activity of 3952 ± 78.3 IU/gds was attained during scale‐up of the process in solid‐state tray fermentation under optimum conditions after 72 h of incubation time. The present study demonstrates that A. niger NRRL‐567 can efficiently be used to achieve xylanase production with an economical and environmental benefit in solid‐state tray fermentation. The developed process can be used to develop an effective process for commercially feasible bioproduction of xylanases for speciality applications, such as conversion of lignocellulosic biomass to biofuels and other value‐added products.
Health monitoring of fluid dampers for vibration control of structures: experimental investigation
Authors: Konstantinidis Dimitrios , Makris Nicos , Kelly James M.
Published: January 2012

This paper presents results from a comprehensive experimental program on medium‐size and large‐size fluid dampers in an effort to extract their force output during cyclic loading by simply measuring the strain on the damper housing and the end‐spacer of the damper. The paper first discusses the stress path within the damper and, subsequently via the use of linear elasticity, shows that the experimental data obtained with commercially available strain gauges yield a force output of the damper that is in good agreement with the readings from the load cell. This comparison is achieved via the use of a position and velocity transducer, which combines good accuracy together with robust performance in a marine environment. The paper then examines the performance of a portable data acquisition system that can be used to collect and transmit data from a damper installed on a bridge to a nearby location (order of a km) where data are collected via either a wired or a wireless Local Area Network (LAN). Alternatively, the data may be transmitted to any remote location via mobile telecommunication networks; however, this requires leased telephone lines. The data show that the proposed arrangement is promising for monitoring in situ the force output of fluid dampers and detecting possible loss of their energy dissipation capability. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sediment mobility and bed armoring in the St Clair River: insights from hydrodynamic modeling
Authors: Liu Xiaofeng , Parker Gary , Czuba Jonathan A. , Oberg Kevin , Mier Jose M. , Best James L. , Parsons Daniel R. , Ashmore Peter , Krishnappan Bommanna G. , Garcia Marcelo H.
Published: January 2012

The lake levels in Lake Michigan‐Huron have recently fallen to near historical lows, as has the elevation difference between Lake Michigan‐Huron compared to Lake Erie. This decline in lake levels has the potential to cause detrimental impacts on the lake ecosystems, together with social and economic impacts on communities in the entire Great Lakes region. Results from past work suggest that morphological changes in the St Clair River, which is the only natural outlet for Lake Michigan‐Huron, could be an appreciable factor in the recent trends of lake level decline. A key research question is whether bed erosion within the river has caused an increase in water conveyance, therefore, contributed to the falling lake level. In this paper, a numerical modeling approach with field data is used to investigate the possibility of sediment movement in the St Clair River and assess the likelihood of morphological change under the current flow regime. A two‐dimensional numerical model was used to study flow structure, bed shear stress, and sediment mobility/armoring over a range of flow discharges. Boundary conditions for the numerical model were provided by detailed field measurements that included high‐resolution bathymetry and three‐dimensional flow velocities. The results indicate that, without considering other effects, under the current range of flow conditions, the shear stresses produced by the river flow are too low to transport most of the coarse bed sediment within the reach and are too low to cause substantial bed erosion or bed scour. However, the detailed maps of the bed show mobile bedforms in the upper St Clair River that are indicative of sediment transport. Relatively high shear stresses near a constriction at the upstream end of the river and at channel bends could cause local scour and deposition. Ship‐induced propeller wake erosion also is a likely cause of sediment movement in the entire reach. Other factors that may promote sediment movement, such as ice cover and dredging in the lower river, require further investigation. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Do alternate bars affect sediment transport and flow resistance in gravel‐bed rivers?
Authors: Francalanci Simona , Solari Luca , Toffolon Marco , Parker Gary
Published: January 2012

In natural gravel‐bed streams, the complex topography of the bed can cause variation of flow resistance and sediment transport. Previous studies have shown that in addition to grain resistance (skin friction), flow resistance is also caused by bank roughness, channel bars, bed undulations and channel curvature. Sediment transport is similarly influenced by the complex topography, and the transport rate can vary spatially. A three‐dimensional (3D) numerical model was used to generate a detailed description of the flow and bedload transport fields in gravel‐bed rivers. Here we quantify the reach‐averaged hydraulic resistance and sediment transport regime that prevails when self‐formed alternate river bars are present, and compare with the regime that would prevail were no bars are present. We do this by comparing the results of (i) a 3D morphodynamic model in which bars form as a consequence of flow‐bed interaction and (ii) an ‘equivalent’ one‐dimensional (1D) case, which refers to flat bed conditions, but otherwise corresponding to identical average velocity and bed slope. The 3D numerical model is applied to generate different bed topographies of alternate bars at regime morphological equilibrium, then extended to non‐equilibrium conditions for decreasing shear stress within a sensitivity analysis context. The contribution of grain resistance is estimated with the local values of the bed shear stress, while bar resistance results from the overall deviation of the flow field from that occurring in the flat bed configuration. The local sediment transport in both the longitudinal and transverse directions is computed with the local Shields stress and local bed inclination. The calculations result in a method for correcting 1D models to account for the total sediment transport and resistance in a cross‐section due to 3D effects of alternate bars. We term the resulting relations ‘morphologically averaged’ sediment transport and resistance equations. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Characteristics of beaver ponds on deltas in a mountain environment
Authors: Butler David R.
Published: January 2012

Many beaver ponds in the Rocky Mountains, that have been described in the literature, are in‐channel ponds that are relatively small and short‐lived. This paper describes floodplain beaver ponds on low‐gradient deltas in glacial finger lakes in Glacier National Park, Montana. These ponds are distinctly larger, probably fed by hyporheic flow, and stable and long‐lived. Ponds examined were, with one exception, 44 years old. Glacial discharge is present in each valley where beaver ponds occupy low‐gradient deltas, and this discharge likely sustains pond water level over the course of the summer. As glaciers recede and disappear, deltaic beaver ponds dependent on hyporheic flow may be negatively affected. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
High spatial resolution mapping of surface velocities and depths for shallow overland flow
Authors: Legout C. , Darboux F. , Nédélec Y. , Hauet A. , Esteves M. , Renaux B. , Denis H. , Cordier S.
Published: January 2012

Point measurements of flow rate, depth or velocity are not sufficient to validate overland flow models, particularly when the interaction of the water with the soil surface creates a complex flow geometry. In this study, we present the coupling of two techniques obtaining spatial data of flow depths and surface velocity measurements for water depths as low as 1 mm. Overland flow experiments were performed in the laboratory at various flow rates and slopes on two surfaces. The first surface was 120 cm by 120 cm showing three undulations of sinusoidal shape with an amplitude of 1 cm and a wavelength of 20 cm, while the second was a 60 cm by 60 cm moulded reproduction of a seedbed with aggregates up to 2 cm in size. Large scale particle image velocimetry (LSPIV) was used for velocity measurements with a sub‐centimetre spatial resolution. An instantaneous‐profile laser scanner was used to map flow depths with a sub‐millimetre spatial resolution. A sensitivity analysis of the image processing of the LSPIV showed good robustness of the method. Comparison with measurements performed with hot film anemometer and salt velocity gauge showed that LSPIV surface velocities were representative of the flow. Water depths measured with the laser scanner were also in good agreement with single‐point measurements performed with a dial indicator. Spatially‐distributed flow rates could be computed by combining both presented techniques with a mean relative error less than 20%. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Large eddy simulation of turbulent shallow water flows using multi‐relaxation‐time lattice Boltzmann model
Authors: Liu Haifei , Li Min , Shu Anping
Published: January 2012

In this paper, the standard Smagorinsky's algorithm is embedded into the multiple relaxation time (MRT) lattice Boltzmann model (LBM) for large eddy simulation (LES) of turbulent shallow water flows (MRT‐LABSWETM). The model is based on the two‐dimensional nonlinear shallow water equations, giving the depth‐averaged features. It is verified by applying the model in three typical cases in engineering with turbulence: (i) the flow around a square cylinder, (ii) plane cavity flow, and (iii) flows in a junction of 90°. The results obtained by the MRT‐LABSWETM are compared with BGK‐LABSWETM results and experimental data. The objectives of this study are to validate the MRT‐LABSWETM in a turbulence simulation and perform a comparative analysis between the results of BGK‐LABSWETM and MRT‐LABSWETM. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Level V in therapeutic neck dissections for papillary thyroid carcinoma
Authors: Khafif Avi , Medina Jesus E. , Robbins K.Thomas , Silver Carl E. , Weber Randal S. , Rinaldo Alessandra , Owen Randall P. , Shaha Ashok R. , Ferlito Alfio
Published: January 2012

Neck dissection for papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is the standard of care for patients with clinical evidence of regional metastases. However, the extent of neck dissection is debatable. The purpose of the current study was to develop evidence‐based recommendations for when to include level V, or 1 of its sublevels, among patients with PTC undergoing neck dissection. A literature review of all studies evaluating the occurrence of metastases in level V in patients with regional metastases from PTC undergoing neck dissection was performed. Occurrence of metastases at level V is low in most series (5% to 10%), although a wide range was noticed. In cases in which metastases were found at level V, they occurred almost exclusively at sublevel VB. Sublevel VA was rarely, if ever, involved with metastatic lymph nodes. However, only recently have investigators begun to specify which sublevels of level V are at risk. Therapeutic dissection of level V is indicated when there is clinical evidence of disease involving this zone. Elective dissection of sublevel VB is indicated when there is involvement of level IV, or possibly multiple nodes at levels II and III. Under these circumstances, dissection of sublevel VB is indicated but sublevel VA may be spared. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2013
High prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency in patients with head and neck cancer at diagnosis
Authors: Orell–Kotikangas Helena , Schwab Ursula , Österlund Pia , Saarilahti Kauko , Mäkitie Outi , Mäkitie Antti A.
Published: January 2012

Background

Low serum levels of vitamin D, measured as serum 25‐hydroxy‐vitamin D (S‐25‐OHD), have been observed in several cancers.

Methods

Sixty‐five adult patients with head and neck cancer, 50 men, median age 61 years (range, 33–77 years), were enrolled in this prospective cohort study. Concentrations of S‐25‐OHD and plasma calcium (Ca) and phosphate (Pi) were measured before cancer treatment.

Results

The mean S‐25‐OHD was 42.0 (SD 22) nmol/L. Hypovitaminosis D (37.5–50 nmol/L) was found in 20% of the patients and vitamin D deficiency (<37.5 nmol/L) in 45% of the patients. No seasonal variation was seen. Subnormal plasma Ca and Pi levels were found in 11% and 9% of the patients, respectively.

Conclusion

Subnormal vitamin D levels were found in a significant proportion of the patients. Because vitamin D deficiency may pose these patients to increased risk of therapy‐related morbidity, special attention should be paid to correction of this nutritional deficiency. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2012
Emergency airway management: Training and experience of chief residents in otolaryngology and anesthesiology
Authors: Andrews James D. , Nocon Cheryl C. , Small Stephen M. , Pinto Jayant M. , Blair Elizabeth A.
Published: January 2012

Background

Resident training in emergency airway management is not well described. We quantified training and exposure to airway emergencies among graduating Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery and Anesthesiology residents.

Methods

The methods used for this study were a national web‐based survey of chief residents.

Results

The response rate was 52% (otolaryngology) and 60% (anesthesiology). More otolaryngology residents rotated on anesthesiology than anesthesia residents on otolaryngology (33% vs 8%). More anesthesiology chiefs never performed an emergency surgical airway than otolaryngology (92% vs 18%). The most common self‐rating of competency was “9,” with 82% overall self‐rating “8” or higher (10 = “totally competent”).

Conclusion

Otolaryngology and anesthesiology emergency airway management experience/training is heterogeneous and nonstandardized. Many chief residents graduate with little exposure to airway emergencies, especially surgical airways. Resident confidence levels are high despite minimal experience. This high confidence‐low experience dichotomy may reflect novice overconfidence and suggests the need for improved training methods. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2012
inducTION of mage‐A3 and HPV‐16 immunity by Trojan vaccines in patients with head and neck carcinoma
Authors: Voskens Caroline J. , Sewell Duane , Hertzano Ronna , DeSanto Jennifer , Rollins Sandra , Lee Myounghee , Taylor Rodney , Wolf Jeffrey , Suntharalingam Mohan , Gastman Brian , Papadimitriou John C. , Lu Changwan , Tan Ming , Morales Robert , Cullen Kevin , Celis Esteban , Mann Dean , Strome Scott E.
Published: January 2012

Background

We performed a pilot study using Trojan vaccines in patients with advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN). These vaccines are composed of HLA‐I and HLA‐II restricted melanoma antigen E (MAGE)‐A3 or human papillomavirus (HPV)‐16 derived peptides, joined by furin‐cleavable linkers, and linked to a “penetrin” peptide sequence derived from HIV‐TAT. Thirty‐one patients with SCCHN were screened for the trial and 5 were enrolled.

Methods

Enrolled patients were treated with 300 μg of Trojan peptide supplemented with Montanide and granulocyte‐macrophage colony‐stimulating factor (GM‐CSF) at 4‐week intervals for up to 4 injections.

Results

Following vaccination, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from 4 of 5 patients recognized both the full Trojan constructs and constituent HLA‐II peptides, whereas responses to HLA‐I restricted peptides were less pronounced.

Conclusion

This treatment regimen seems to have acceptable toxicity and elicits measurable systemic immune responses against HLA‐II restricted epitopes in a subset of patients with advanced SCCHN. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2012
Hydrology and geomorphology of the Upper White Nile lakes and their relevance for water resources management in the Nile basin
Authors: Bastawesy Mohammed El , Gabr Safwat , White Kevin
Published: January 2012

Remote sensing data and digital elevation models were utilized to extract the catchment hydrological parameters and to delineate storage areas for the Ugandan Equatorial Lakes region. Available rainfall/discharge data are integrated with these morphometric data to construct a hydrological model that simulates the water balance of the different interconnected basins and enables the impact of potential management options to be examined. The total annual discharges of the basins are generally very low (less than 7% of the total annual rainfall). The basin of the shallow (5 m deep) Lake Kioga makes only a minor hydrological contribution compared with other Equatorial Lakes, because most of the overflow from Lake Victoria basin into Lake Kioga is lost by evaporation and evapotranspiration. The discharge from Lake Kioga could be significantly increased by draining the swamps through dredging and deepening certain channel reaches. Development of hydropower dams on the Equatorial Lakes will have an adverse impact on the annual water discharge downstream, including the occasional reduction of flow required for filling up to designed storage capacities and permanently increasing the surface areas of water that is exposed to evaporation. On the basis of modelling studies, alternative sites are proposed for hydropower development and water storage schemes. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Spatial and temporal variations of overland flow during rainfall events and in relation to catchment conditions
Authors: Orchard C. M. , Lorentz S. A. , Jewitt G. P. W. , Chaplot V. A. M.
Published: January 2012

Improved knowledge on overland flow (OF) generation and its dynamics (i.e. spatial and temporal variations) is essential to understand catchment hydrology, a prerequisite for better water resources and soil management. In this study, our main objective was to quantify the dynamics of OF during rainfall events and to assess its main factors of control. The research study was undertaken in an agricultural 23‐ha catchment of a communal pasture in KwaZulu‐Natal (South Africa) experiencing Mediterranean climate and with variations of soil, topography and vegetation conditions. The dynamics of OF was evaluated during three rainfall seasons (2007 to 2010) by using 1 × 1‐m² microplots (n = 15) located at five landscape positions. At each location, a microplot was equipped with an automatic tipping bucket linked to a logger to estimate the delay between the start of the rain and the start of OF [i.e. the time to runoff initiation (TRI)]. Multivariate analysis was applied to the total OF and TRI data and the information on selected environmental factors (rainfall characteristics; soil type; soil clay content, Clay; proportion of the soil surface covered by vegetation, Cov; proportion of the soil surface covered by crusting, Crust; mean slope gradient, S; soil bulk density, ρb; soil water tension at different depths, SWT). The average OF rate over the 3‐year study period varied 2.3‐fold across the catchment (from 15% footslope to 35% backslope), whereas the average TRI varied by a 10.6‐fold factor (between 0.6 min at bottomland and 6.4 min at footslope). TRI temporal variations correlated the most with event duration (r = 0.8) and cumulative amount of rainfall since the onset of the rainy season (r = −0.47), whereas TRI spatial variations were controlled the most by Crust (−0.97 < r < −0.77). Ultimately, TRI spatial variations were modelled and mapped in an attempt to model OF dynamics over the entire microcatchment. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
NEU4L sialidase overexpression promotes β‐catenin signaling in neuroblastoma cells, enhancing stem‐like malignant cell growth
Authors: Tringali Cristina , Cirillo Federica , Lamorte Giuseppe , Papini Nadia , Anastasia Luigi , Lupo Barbara , Silvestri Ilaria , Tettamanti Guido , Venerando Bruno
Published: January 2012

Neuroblastoma (NB) is a frequently lethal tumor that occurs in childhood and originates from embryonic neural crest cells. The malignant and aggressive phenotype of NB is strictly related to the deregulation of pivotal pathways governing the proliferation/differentiation status of neural crest precursor cells, such as MYCN, Delta/Notch and Wnt/β‐catenin (CTNNB1) signaling. In this article, we demonstrate that sialidase NEU4 long (NEU4L) influences the differentiation/proliferation behavior of NB SK‐N‐BE cells by determining hyperactivation of the Wnt/β‐catenin signaling pathway. NEU4L overexpression in SK‐N‐BE cells induced significant increases in active, nonphosphorylated β‐catenin content, β‐catenin/TCF transcriptional activity and β‐catenin gene target expression including MYCN, MYC, CCND2 (cyclin D2) and CDC25A. In turn, these molecular features strongly modified the behavior of NEU4L SK‐N‐BE overexpressing cells, promoting the following: (1) an enhanced proliferation rate, mainly due to a faster transition from G1 to S phase in the cell cycle; (2) a more undifferentiated cell phenotype, which was similar to stem‐like NB cells and possibly mediated by an increase of the expression of the pluripotency genes, MYC, NANOG, OCT‐4, CD133 and NES (nestin); (3) the failure of NB cell differentiation after serum withdrawal. The molecular link between NEU4L and Wnt/β‐catenin signaling appeared to rely most likely on the capability of the enzyme to modify the sialylation level of cell glycoproteins. These findings could provide a new candidate for therapeutic treatment.
Optical imaging of MMP expression and cancer progression in an inflammation‐induced colon cancer model
Authors: Lee Chang‐Moon , Jang DooRye , Cheong Su‐Jin , Jeong Min‐Hee , Kim Eun‐Mi , Kim Dong Wook , Lim Seok Tae , Sohn Myung‐Hee , Jeong Hwan‐Jeong
Published: January 2012

The purpose of this study was to use a near‐infrared (NIR) fluorescent cyclic His‐Try‐Gly‐Phe peptide to characterize and image the expressions of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), which are correlated with cancer promotion, in an inflammation‐induced colorectal cancer (ICRC) model. We explored the relationship between the development of colon cancer and the expression of MMPs at the same colonic sites in ICRC models. To develop ICRC models, mice were administered a single intraperitoneal dose (10 mg/kg) of azoxymethane (AOM) and exposed orally to 2% dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) for one week. MMP‐2 expression and β‐catenin activation in colonic lesions were characterized by immunohistochemical (IHC) staining. After being treated with inducers for some time, cancerous lesions were found to express high β‐catenin and MMP‐2. The profiles of MMP expression were correlated with β‐catenin activation in the colonic lesions. c(KAHWGFTLD)NH2 (C6) peptide was prepared by standard Fmoc peptide synthesis to target MMPs. Molecular weight of Cy5.5‐C6 was 1,954.78 g/mol (calculated MW = 1955.23 g/mol). The in vitro characterization of Cy5.5‐C6 showed MMP binding specificity in a cell experiment. In vivo NIRF imaging showed high accumulation of Cy5.5‐C6 in tumors with associated expression of MMP‐2 in colonic lesions after intravenous injection. The MMP‐2 specificity of Cy5.5‐C6 was confirmed by successful inhibition of probe uptake in the tumor due to the presence of excess C6 peptide. The use of Cy5.5‐C6 to target MMP‐2 has the potential to be developed into an effective molecular imaging agent to monitor ICRC progress.
Colorectal serrated adenocarcinoma shows a different profile of oncogene mutations, MSI status and DNA repair protein expression compared to conventional and sporadic MSI‐H carcinomas
Authors: García‐Solano J. , Conesa‐Zamora P. , Carbonell P. , Trujillo‐Santos J. , Torres‐Moreno D D. , Pagán‐Gómez I. , Rodríguez‐Braun E. , Pérez‐Guillermo M.
Published: January 2012

Molecular characterization has been extensively studied in serrated polyps but very little is known in serrated adenocarcinomas (SACs). We analyzed the incidence of KRAS, BRAF and PIK3CA mutations, microsatellite instability (MSI) status and loss of the DNA repair proteins MLH1, MSH2, MSH6 and MGMT in a series of 89 SAC, 81 matched conventional carcinomas (CC) and 13 sporadic colorectal cancer showing histological and molecular features of high‐level MSI (sMSI‐H). Our results demonstrate that KRAS are more prevalent than BRAF mutations in SAC (42.7% vs. 25.8%; p = 0.011) being the KRAS‐mutated cases even more abundant in SAC displaying adjacent serrated adenomas (51%). G12D and E545K are the most common KRAS and PIK3CA mutations found in SAC, respectively. SAC show higher frequency of MGMT loss compared to CC (50.6% vs. 25.3%; p = 0.001) especially in distal colon/rectum (60.0% vs. 21.6%; p = 0.0009). SAC differ from sMSI‐H in terms of KRAS and BRAF mutation prevalence, MSI status and MLH1 expression (p = 0.0003, p < 0.0001, p < 0.0001, p < 0.001, respectively). SACs are more often KRAS‐mutated and microsatellite stable and display different molecular and immunohistochemical characteristics compared to CC and sMSI‐H.
Targeting the enhancer of zeste homologue 2 in medulloblastoma
Authors: Alimova Irina , Venkataraman Sujatha , Harris Peter , Marquez Victor E. , Northcott Paul A. , Dubuc Adrian , Taylor Michael D. , Foreman Nicholas K. , Vibhakar Rajeev
Published: January 2012

Enhancer of zeste homologue 2 (EZH2) is the catalytic subunit of Polycomb repressive complex 2 that catalyzes the trimethylation of histone H3 on Lys 27, and represses gene transcription. EZH2 enhances cancer‐cell proliferation and regulates stem cell maintenance and differentiation. Here, we demonstrate that EZH2 is highly expressed in medulloblastoma, a highly malignant brain tumor of childhood, and this altered expression is correlated with genomic gain of chromosome 7 in a subset of medulloblastoma. Inhibition of EZH2 by RNAi suppresses medulloblastoma tumor cell growth. We show that 3‐deazaneplanocin A, a chemical inhibitor of EZH2, can suppress medulloblastoma cell growth partially by inducing apoptosis. Suppression of EZH2 expression diminishes the ability of tumor cells to form spheres in culture and strongly represses the ability of known oncogenes to transform neural stem cells. These findings establish a role of EZH2 in medulloblastoma and identify EZH2 as a potential therapeutic target especially in high‐risk tumors.
Psychological factors unrelated to activity level in patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain
Authors: Helmus M. , Schiphorst Preuper H.R. , Hof A.L. , Geertzen J.H.B. , Reneman M.F.
Published: January 2012

Background

Enhancement of physical activities is an important goal in rehabilitation programmes for patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain (CMP). A relationship between activity level and psychological factors is suggested but studied scarcely.

Aim

To explore the relationship between the activity level and psychological factors in patients withCMP.

Methods

Study design is cross‐sectional, explorative. Participants are patients withCMP, included for outpatient multidisciplinary pain rehabilitation.

Measures

Activity level was measured by theRT3 accelerometer during 1 week; pain intensity was measured with a 100‐mm visual analogue scale; depression, somatization and distress were measured withSymptomChecklist‐90‐Revised (SCL‐90‐R), coping strategy with theUtrechtCopingList (UCL, scales active coping, passive coping, avoiding), fear of movement measured withTampaScale ofKinesiophobia (TSK), scale activity avoidance. Depending on data distribution, correlations between the mean number of activity counts and psychological factors were tested withPearson orSpearman correlation coefficients.

Results

Fifty three patients were included: age mean 39.9 years [standard deviation (SD) 11.3]; activity counts per day mean 198,243 (SD78,000); pain intensity mean 58 (SD27.7);SCL‐90‐Rmean 149.4 (SD42.5);UCLactive coping mean 17.9 (SD3.7);UCLpassive coping mean 12.3 (SD3.7);UCLavoiding mean 15.3 (SD3.0);TSKtotal mean 35.4 (SD7.4);TSKactivity avoidance mean 16.9SD(4.7). Correlations between psychological factors and the mean number of activity counts per day ranged from r = –0.27 to r = 0.01 and were all non‐significant (p ≥ 0.05).

Conclusion

Psychological factors and activity level were unrelated in patients withCMP.
In vivo evaluation of defined polished titanium surfaces to prevent soft tissue adhesion
Authors: Hayes Jessica S. , Welton Joanne L. , Wieling Ronald , Richards R. Geoff
Published: January 2012

Soft tissue‐implant adhesion is often required for implant integration into the body; however, in some situations, the tissue is required to glide freely over an implant. In the case of distal radius fracture treatment, current literature describes how titanium and its alloys tend to lead to more intra‐tendon inflammatory reactions compared with stainless steel. This leads to tendon‐implant adhesion and damage possibly causing limited palmar flexion and even tendon rupture. The goal of this study was to analyze the effect of different surface polishings of titanium and titanium molybdenum implants on soft tissue reactions in vivo, with the aim to prevent direct soft tissue adhesion. Using a nonfracture model, to allow for study of the soft‐tissue‐implant surface interactions only, six surface variants of the same plate design were implanted onto the tibia of 24 New Zealand white rabbits and left in situ for 12 weeks. Results indicate that paste polished commercially pure titanium and titanium molybdenum alloy had the least soft tissue adhesion, with the concomitant development of a soft tissue capsule. Surface topography did not appear influence the thickness of the connective tissue surrounding the plate. Therefore, suitable surface polishing could be applied to plates for clinical use, where free gliding of tissues is required. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2012.