bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Medical Knowledge for Immigrant Iraqi Doctors and the Challenges of Reduce it impacts in the Technology Era
Authors: Jassim Thamir Naeem
Published: March 2021

Medical knowledge of immigrant Iraqi doctors a great loss for the nation. Doctors’ Immigrate is affecting medical knowledge level, the standard ratios between (doctors-patients) also the quality of health services badly. The research question: How can modern technology in education and health sectors are activated to cut the effects of doctors’ migration. The research aims to identify modern technology in medical education and the implications of not using it in Iraq. significance of this research comes from focused on how can build the students of medicine college technologically, also Promote the concept of intellectual property and keep the medical scientific legacy of migrant doctors by using modern technology. This research found a strong relationship between the use of modern technology in the (education and health) sectors and reducing the impact of doctors’ migration on quality of health care in the country. The average respondent answers (3.88) agreed that bad management and internet service are strongly affecting doctors’ emigration from Iraq and decrease medical knowledge in it, also (3.53) were agree that specific IT and non-effective health information system is the main reason to decrease medical knowledge. With average (4.03) were agreed that Iraq has not the medical scientific and technological leadership at the same time, and the climate of stability and progress to achieve their ambitions. Doctors said the political impact on hiring doctors in administrative positions in hospitals / medical centers and disrupting career progress disappointed them. Therefore, the feeling of insecurity and the lack of adequate procedures convince doctors to emigrate from Iraq.
An Effective Post Disaster Reconstruction Information Management System for Iraqi Projects
Authors: Al-Qaicy Surra Talal , Breesam Hatem Khaleefah
Published: March 2021

This research studies disaster management system through examined the critical success factors to develop an Effective Post Disaster Reconstruction Information Management System for Iraqi Projects. Wars cause massive disasters and great devastation for all sectors, especially to the construction sector. Post-disaster reconstruction after wars become a critical topic for many countries, especially developing ones. The Iraqi construction sector witnessed great destruction in large parts of it due to the last wars in 2014, which resulted in the destruction of many areas and a significant deterioration in infrastructure. This paper aims to construct a general model consist of the main processes of post disaster reconstruction, various terms such as risk management, Stakeholder Management and supply chain management were investigated. In addition to exploring various aspects of disaster management to better understand it, for example, the classification of disasters and the stages of disaster management. Project management principles are discovered for the commitments of this research as well as opinions of experts working in Iraqi construction sector to investigate the suitable model for post disaster reconstruction management system. The consequences of this research are used for the build of the suggested model. In conclusion, the efficiency of the planned model was verified through a survey to ensure its suitability for Iraqi construction sector.
Implementation of Efficient Stopping Criteria for Turbo Decoding
Authors: Mahdi Ruaha , Hamad Ahmed A.
Published: March 2021

The cellular systems with 4th generation, Long Term Evolution (LTE) standard have been transmitted the data at higher rates than the 3G, and 2G systems, in an ever-crowded frequency spectrum. This transmission needs more accuracy, high reliability, and throughput with a low area and power consumption. Therefore, it requires an efficient error control coding. Turbo code is used for LTE system for its good error correction ability at low signal to noise power ratio which can approach Shannon limit performance for large frame lengths. This paper presents a simple and efficient modification that can be applied to all present stopping criterion (SC) to achieve the quality of service mentioned previously. It’s proved that using a trimmed sequence of log-likelihood values (LLR) instead of the full length in the algorithms of stopping the iterative decoding has a significant impact on the utilized silicon area and throughput without a significant sacrifice in performance. It also presents a comparison of designing the Soft-Output Viterbi (SOVA) decoder using different arbitrary-precision fixed data types that offers by Vivado high-level synthesis (HLS) instead of the costlier float representation to reduce processing time and consumed area. Due to its high flexibility in designing and implementing prototype systems, the FPGA device (Kintex-7, Xilinx part number XC7K325T-2FFG900C) was utilized with different parallelism and loop pipelining directives to ensure acquiring the targeted initiation interval and silicon area.
Replacement of differential variables in the expression of differential shapes and partial derivative
Authors: Mhawes Taif Najm , flayeh Fatima Hasan
Published: March 2021

Methods of differentiating functions defined parametrically, complex functions can be used to replace variables in differential expressions to solve differential equations. In this clause, and implicitly given a function of one of the main X ways, we will consider only the computational aspect of the replacement of variables, without affecting the problems of theoretical justification of the operations.
Determine the variance of Maxwell distribution by using MLE and MOM estimators (theory study)
Authors: Algashamy Hussein Ali A. , Kaml A. P. Ghufran I.
Published: March 2021

Maxwell distribution is a probability distribution that uses many applications in the physics, chemistry and statistical dynamics. In this paper we will review the relationship between estimators (MLE &MOM) and variance of Maxwell distribution by some theoretical steps to get the mathematical formula contains the variance and all estimators in study then use this formula for determine the variance and its behavior.
Soft Generalized αi-Closed Sets in Soft Topological Spaces
Authors: Askandar Sabih W. , Mohammed Amir A.
Published: March 2021

In the present paper, we introduced a new kind of soft generalized closed sets and soft generalized open sets are called soft generalized αi-closed sets and soft generalized αi-open sets. The relations among these two families and some other kinds of soft sets as like as soft generalized closed, soft generalized i-closed, soft generalized α-closed and soft semi-generalized closed sets are investigated and clarify by proofs and evidences.
Composition a Continuous Probability Distribution Resulting from Mixing Two Probability Distributions
Authors: Hashim Hassaneen Abd Aljabar , Al-Khafaji Kareema Abed Al-kadim
Published: March 2021

In this paper, which includes three parameters of the new model resulting from the Topp-Leone Generated distribution mixture with the exponential distribution which we denoted by the symbol TLG-E distribution, finding a new probability density function and achieving its mathematical properties, as well as finding the moment, general moment, reliability and hazard functions, thereafter we clarify estimation by using maximum likelihood method as well as testing the fitting with some known distributions. In addition, we state the of statistical parameters like: scale and location.
Integration Satellite Imagery with Fuzzy Logic for Potential Change Detection in Land Use/Land Cover
Authors: AL-Juboury Intehaa Abdullah Mohammad , Al-Rubaye Safa Ahmed Jabbar
Published: March 2021

Considered survey systems for monitoring the earth’s surface of the techniques basic and developed for all countries because of their great importance in collecting and providing data and information required as engineering science and research applications can be an important database for many of the establishments. Remote sensing and fuzzy logic are employed to design systems for the survey, monitoring, and changes detect that have occurred in the study area in 2020. The studied area is in Baghdad and its extensions, with an area equivalent to approximately 2776.7628 km2. This paper consists of two parts; the first part when the remote sensing classified the study area in unsupervised methods to detect the ratios of components the land use and land cover via divide it into four parameters (vegetation, urban, empty area, and water). As for the second part of the study, the change’s detection results are the inputs of the fuzzy logic system. The four inputs were processed using hypothetical probabilities of the FL system. The results were reasonable and could be considered useful for predicting the future of the four parameters (vegetation, urban, empty area, and water) of the study area in the coming years.
IoT Management Solution: A Case Study of Fill Level Monitoring for Gravel Silos
Authors: Al-Kadhim Saif Aldeen Saad Obayes , Al-Saedi Ibtesam R. K.
Published: March 2021

In order to make ubiquitous system, technologist uses different type of equipment in perception layer, for the environment sensing and sensory data processing. This equipment’s are sensors, data processing and sending devices. Sensors sense the environment and create the data accordingly. Sensor generated data need to be processed with some processing device and can be send over the network. This research paper introduced the basic application based on IoT. The application includes Ultrasonic distance sensor and NodeMCU for obtaining the fill level of the gravel silos. We are publishing our data over the web using Zerynth studio portal and showing the analysis graph of application near real time using the Internet of Things (IoT) concept. Paper also describes server configuration on the NodeMCU and real-time response to web browser over the WLAN.
Community Detection in Facebook Using Visual Approach and Clustering
Authors: Seyala Bara’a Talaat Ahmed , Alanezi Mafaz
Published: March 2021

The previous decade has seen the growth of interest with networks and participatory social media that have brought users jointly in many originative ways. Many users play, categorize, work and socialize online, showing new forms of cooperation, communication, and cleverness that were hard to imagine just a while ago. Social media refers to the interaction between people who create, share information and ideas in communities and virtual networks. Social media also helps reform business models, influence views and sentiments, and opens many possibilities for studying human interaction and mass conduct on an unprecedented level.

This research employs visual representation of data and cluster algorithms for discovering patterns in the Facebook network to learn some of the behaviors practiced by community members.

The results can be used to find out users directions to suggest appropriate advertisements for it, and cluster algorithms can be used to collect suspicious and inappropriate communication pages to take the necessary measures to prevent them from appearing to sensitive groups in the community, and the results can also be used to direct Facebook users, especially young groups, to organize their times and control the times they spend on social media.
Two Feature Selection Methods Comparison Chi-square and Relief-F for Facial Expression Recognition
Authors: Mahmood Mayyadah R.
Published: March 2021

Feature selection metho represents one of the main keys that has direct influence on classification accuracy. During the last two decades, researchers have given a lot of attention in feature selection approaches due to their importance. This paper provides a comparative approach between the two feature selection methods: Chi-Square and Relief-F. The two methods rank the features according to their score. The first highest six emotion features from the both methods are selected. The six features are used to compare the accuracy ratio among the four classifiers: Support Vector Machine, K-Nearest, Decision Tree, and Radial Base Function. These classifiers are used for the mission of expression recognition and to compare their proportional performance. The ultimate aim of the provided approach is to use minimum number of features from the both methods in order to distinguish the performance accuracy of the four classifiers. The provided approach has been applied on CK+ facial expression recognition dataset. The result of the experiment illustrates that K-Nearest Neighbor is the most accurate classifier on the both feature selection methods according to the employed dataset. The K-Nearest Neighbor accuracy average rate for Chi-square is 94.18% and for Relief-F is 94.93%.
The Modernization of Current Methods and Technologies for Risk Assessment, Modeling and Forecasting
Authors: Novikova Olga , Shamileva Larisa , Vicen Vlastimil , Bukoros Tetiana
Published: March 2021

Theoretical and scientific-methodical approaches to the definition and quantitative risk assessment were systematized. The main advantages and disadvantages of using mathematical and statistical methods of modeling and risk forecasting were analyzed. The advantages of using recursive models of Path-analysis were justified and the results of their approbation for estimation and forecasting of social risks of labor sphere according to the inertial scenario of development of national economy are introduced. The influence of digital transformations on the formation of risks was determined. The concept of the European System of Social Indicators (ESSI) was taken into account in the development of a methodology for identification of indices of the socio-economic vulnerability of the entire population and the employed one. The peculiarities of indirect assessment of the manifestation of social risks were disclosed.
RETRACTED: Tracking Software in the Automotive Field: Challenges and Solutions
Authors: Raheem Ahmed Ibraheem , Rashid Yaseen Hameed
Published: March 2021

In the automotive domain, the development concerning entire safety-critical systems after comport including safety requirements such so ISO 26262. These requirements require mounted traceability, the potential to tell artifacts built throughout development of a system, according to confirm resulting structures are well-tested then therefore safe. This paper contrasts average traceability challenges or solutions including these unique in conformity with the car domain, and investigates how he obvious into practice. We mix three records sources: a tertiary writing criticism in accordance with identify normal challenges then solutions; a suit study with an automotive supplier so validation for what the challenges then solutions are skilled among practice; then a multi-vocal composition stricture to identify challenges or options particular according to the automotive domain. We observed 22 challenges or sixteen special options among the reviews. 17 challenges were identified within the suit study; six continue to be unsolved. We talk about challenges then options out of the perspectives on academia, tool vendors, consultants and users, and discover differences among scientific or “grey” literature. We talk about why challenges continue to be unsolved then endorse solutions. Our findings point out as at that place is a great overlap among average traceability challenges yet these of the automotive area however to that amount she are skilled differently.
On some Generalized rare regular Closed sets in topological spaces
Authors: Aziz Nabila I.
Published: March 2021

This research introduces a new type of sets are said to be a generalized* rare regular Closed set, rare regular generalized*-closed set, generalized** rare regular-closed set and rare regular generalized**-closed set in topological spaces. Some properties and related theorems associated with this new sets is proved in topological spaces.
Interval-valued Fuzzy SA-ideals with Degree (λ,κ) of SA-algebra
Authors: Hameed Areej Tawfeeq , Raheem Narjis Jalil
Published: March 2021

In this paper, the notion of interval-valued fuzzy SA-ideals (briefly i-v fuzzy SA-ideal) in SA-algebras is introduced. Several theorems are stated and proved. The image and inverse image of i-v fuzzy SA-ideals are defined and how the homomorphic images and inverse images of i-v fuzzy SA-ideals become i-v fuzzy SA-ideals in SA-algebras is studied as well.
High-ranking Thinking and its Relationship to Engineering Thinking Among Second-grade Intermediate Students
Authors: Shuker Sundus Noori
Published: March 2021

The research aims to answer the following question: Is there a relationship between high-order thinking and its relation to the engineering thinking of second graders? To achieve the aim of this research, the researcher built a high-order thinking scale and an engineering thinking scale. The two scales were applied to a sample of second-grade students who were randomly selected (400) students. The Spearman-Brown equation, the T-test for one sample, the T-test for two independent samples, and the K-square. The research has reached the following results:Second grade students enjoy high level of thinking. The second-grade students enjoy engineering thinking There is a direct relationship between high-order thinking and geometric thinking, the more high-order thinking increases the geometric thinking.
Examine Some Estimates Simulated of Linear Regression model based on Confidence Intervals Simulated
Authors: Haddaw Adel Ahmed
Published: March 2021

We are interested in examine some estimates simulated (biases and variances) by confidence intervals simulated of simple linear regression model. Confidence intervals simulated for extreme value and normal distributions of the values of biases and variances simulated of regression linear model are proposed and evaluated. The mean finding that biases, variance simulated for extreme and normal distributions using confidence intervals simulated are considered and satisfied.
Deep Learning for Control of Digital Systems
Authors: Maki Ghadeer I. , Hussain Zahir M.
Published: March 2021

Classically industrial systems apply a number of techniques to control their components, including the control system, which modify the relationship between input and output signals to configure the system to provide the required response. In most practical systems these signals are continuous, hence it is important to convert them into digital signals to be processed by digital systems. Despite the great development in technology, given the importance of the control system in relation to dynamic systems to achieve optimal performance, but classical control suffers from some important problems. The complexity of the control system represented by the program implementation algorithms and the loss of most information during the process of converting the system to digital and not adapting to external variables or with new updates. In this research classical control is replaced by deep neural networks, which is a thriving field with practical and medical applications and is characterized by its ability to learn and train as it is a branch of machine learning and artificial intelligence. The results proved that the functioning of the neural networks and their performance is similar to classical control systems, with the advantage of simplicity and adaptability.
Performance of FFT-OFDM versus DWT-OFDM under Compressive Sensing
Authors: Al-Shably Zainab Hdeib , Hussain Zahir M.
Published: March 2021

In this work, we present a comparative study on the performance of Fourier-based OFDM (FFT-OFDM) and wavelet-based OFDM (DWT-OFDM) under compressive sensing (CS). Transmission over FFT-OFDM and DWT-OFDM, which has been made under different baseband modulation schemes such as Binary Phase Shift Keying (BPSK), Quadrature Phase Shift Key (QPSK), Quadrature amplitude modulation (16QAM) and (64QAM) has been considered. From numerical simulation results, it is observed that the Wavelet-based OFDM system outperforms Fourier based OFDM when the Quadrature Amplitude Modulation is 16QAM and 64QAM within the signal to noise ratios range 30 to 40 dB. Although CS is more efficient in compression than classical compression techniques, it introduces more errors over OFDM transmission. Future directions of this work are also suggested.
Big Data Management Using Hadoop
Authors: khalil Majida yaseen , Hamad Murtadha M.
Published: March 2021

Today, one of the key issues is the design of systems and software to deal with the storage, management and processing of large amounts of data as a result of the exponential rise in data. In unstructured forms, these data are found. Due to the large and complex data sizes, data management with traditional approaches is unacceptable. Hadoop is an appropriate solution for the continuous growth of data sizes. We have suggested in this paper techniques and algorithms dealing with big data including data collection, preprocessing of data. The Fragmentation algorithm will take the function of a distributed implementation of the traditional file system time-sharing model, where various users share files and storage resources. Also, in this research we used a framework to improve the performance of a query and reduce the response time called the HADOOP. The Apache Hadoop project for safe, scalable and distributed computing. The results showed that Hadoop is the best way to deal with big data during calculating the rate of response time of a complex query for example at (00:00:01) per second and comparing it with the response time of the same queries on the fragmentation algorithm at (00: 01:11) per second and the standard database at (00:05:13) per second. We concluded that Total time Access for complex queries in distributed processing is faster than in non-distributed processing.
Some New Results of Differential Subordinations for HigherOrder Derivatives of Multivalent Functions
Authors: Al-Ameedee Sarah A. , Atshan Waggas Galib , Al-Maamori Faez Ali
Published: March 2021

The main purpose of this paper is to study the differential subordination result for multivalent analytic functions. We give some applications of higher-order differential subordination results involving Hadamard product for multivalent analytic functions with generalized hypergeometric function in open unit disk. We have also discussed and studied a new class of higher-order derivatives of multivalent analytic functions in open unit disk of complex plane related to linear operator and we obtain some results connected inclusion relationship, argument estimate, integral representation and subordination property. by using the method of differential subordination we aim to prove some classical results in multivalent functions theory. We obtain some interesting properties of this class and establish several strong differential subordination for higher-order derivatives of multivalent analytic functions. By making use of the principle of subordination, we introduce a new class W_(p, q)^(l, k) (η,α_1, m; h) for higher-order derivatives of multivalent analytic functions associated with Dziok-Srivastava operator. We obtain some result for this class.
An Analytical View for The Combination between The Soft Topological Spaces and Fuzzy Topological Spaces
Authors: Razzaq Audia Sabri Abd Al , Swidi Luay Abd Al Haine Al
Published: March 2021

An analytical study for the combination of the soft topological spaces and fuzzy topological spaces is presented with the reformulation of some definitions and using the new soft fuzzy points which presented in [30] to introduce new definition of separation axioms. Also base, subbase for these spaces and soft fuzzy compact space with theorems and illustrative examples.
Improving Approach to Conditions’ Statistical Assessment for Ukraine Banking Sector Competitive Development Under the Foreign Banks Presence in the Financial Market
Authors: Diatlova Yuliia , Kuznetsova Ludmila , Dielini Maryna , Tkachenko Olena , Onyshchenko Yulia , Nyanchuk Natalya
Published: March 2021

It is substantiated that most of the existing methods and models for assessing the development of the banking sector of the economy do not take into account the competitive conditions for banks of different groups – with national capital and foreign banking groups. This determines the relevance of the study to improve the methodical approach to statistical assessment of competitive conditions in the development of the banking sector in the presence of foreign banks in the financial market.

The scientific work proposes to assess the competitive conditions in the banking sector, in particular those created for domestic banks under the influence of foreign presence, by the level of the coefficient of competitive internalization. Eight gradations of the coefficient level were established by the expert method.

Due to the use of mathematical calculation method and official statistics, it was found that the level of competitive internalization in the banking sector of Ukraine over the past decade is mostly dangerous, with a tendency to deteriorate. The coefficients of competitive internalization for the banking sectors of the Commonwealth of Independent States and the European Union have been calculated. It is determined that the level of influence of foreign banks in the banking sector of Ukraine can be compared with the conditions of competitive development of national banks of Moldova and Slovenia. The use of competitive internalization coefficient in practice as a statistical data will create a basis for determining the direction of integration processes. We are convinced that the integration of Ukrainian banks into the banking sector of Moldova or Slovenia is possible.
Simulative analysis of 32x40 DWDM systems for return to zero modulation schemes using variation in channel spacing
Authors: Dhadhal Dharmendra , Thummar Ruturaj , Mishra Dr Vivekanand
Published: March 2021

The Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing (DWDM) is an optical fiber transmission framework that utilizes firmly dispersed light frequencies and transmits many data at the same time. This gives a practical technique to expand the limit of the existing system. The goal of the existing Fiber multi-channel communication system is demonstrating the concept of DWDM communication system cover up more and more data to send and receive a whole long stretch communication framework. In this analysis, we using OptiSystem simulation software for 32 x 40 GB/s DWDM communication fiber length 50 km Single-Mode Fiber (SMF) at Different channel Spacing likewise 80GHz, 90GHz and 100Ghz in DWDM for bit rate 40 Gb/s. Dispersion can be completely compensated with the aid of using Dispersion compensating fiber as a compensator. In this paper, the general execution of 32 channel DWDM correspondence with 40 Gbps bit rates researched.
Development of Pipelined Blowfish Algorithm with Memory based S-Box
Authors: Madhusudhan Namsamgari , Padma P. , Rao Rameshwar
Published: March 2021

The main aim in the design of any encryption algorithm is to provide security against unauthorized attacks. With the fast progression of digital data exchange information security has become an important issue in data communication. Encryption algorithms play an important role in information security system. These algorithms consume a significant amount of computing resources such as CPU time, memory, and battery power. The data encryption algorithms should provide security and also should not be slow in performance because it is a common practice to embed encryption algorithms in other applications. Embedding of encryption algorithms in other applications also precludes a hardware implementation, and is thus a major cause of degraded overall performance of the system. Advanced encryption standard (AES) algorithm is used for protection against various classes of wireless attacks but it consumes more core area and power. Hence, we propose a development of pipelined Blowfish algorithm as an alternative security algorithm. In this paper the pipelined blowfish algorithm with memory based S box(with different memory sizes) has been developed and simulated using Xilinx Ise 14.2 using Verilog HDL using Zynq7000. The memory-based method is used to optimize the performance of Blowfish. The performance is analyzed in terms of its area, power and throughput.
Going with Self-confirmation Endorsement in Differentiated Web Search
Authors: Komali D. , Sasank VVS , Varalakshmik PN
Published: March 2021

The search of information on the World Wide Web is growing rapidly; web records must have the ability to recap information according to the customer’s slant. Recurring pattern web records are manufactured to serve all customers, self-sufficient of the special needs of any individual customer. Personalization of web interest is to finished recuperation for each customer melding his/her favorable position. Every customer has a specific establishment and a specific target when chasing down information on the Web. Thusly the goal of Web interest personalization is to tailor recorded records to a particular customer in light of that customer’s leverage and slants. In any case, fruitful tweaked interest requires assembling and gathering customer information, which routinely raises veritable stresses of security infringement for a few customers. Truly, these stresses have been able to be one of the essential hindrances for sending modified look applications, and how to do insurance sparing personalization is a marvelous test. Thusly, fairness necessity strike among demand superiority and safety affirmation. Hence, security confirmation in PWS applications that model customer inclines by way of numerous levelled customer outlines has proposed using a PWS structure named UPS that can flexibly add awake to my requests. Conversely, concerning client demonstrated protection supplies. Nearby Modified Hunt and Confidentiality Defense, the Tradition Exploration convenience will, in similar method, has assumed with the goal that the regulars acquire gigantic records.
Performance characterization for high frequency CMOS voltage control ring oscillators
Authors: Venkata Nandini V , suman Shruti
Published: March 2021

This article mainly emphases on the performance study and characterization of CMOS voltage control ring oscillator (VCRO). The performance analysis is based on high frequency, low area, and low phase noise for different kind of techniques of VCRO at various supply voltages. The results shows higher frequency and less phase noise which can be suitable for different domain applications. Further advantage is as go on reducing the supply voltage the frequency of the VCRO is increasing rapidly. This paper helps the designers in order to choose the most suitable voltage control ring oscillator (VCRO) for their specific applications.
Design of Microchannel Induced Cantilever Sensor to Detect the Rectal Cancer
Authors: Shameem Syed. , Sindhu A. P. , Sai prabhu V. T. , Bhargavi K. , Rajesh Babu K.
Published: March 2021

Rectal cancer is the third most cause of cancer deaths. In the year 2020, 53,200 patients suffering from rectal cancer will die out of 1,47,950 patients who have undergone diagnosis according to the national center for health statistics. Even though the incident and mortality rates are shown as decreasing as per these statistics from 1970 to 2020 but the population rate is increased during the same period. According to statistics 3,640 patients whose age is below 50 years also will die. We have observed that there is an increase in the number of patients with rectal cancer. This is due to costly screening tests for rectal cancer. We propose a MEMS (micro electro mechanical system) based biosensor to detect and estimate the rectal cancer stages. This study also includes an array of cantilevers consisting of a microfluidic channel. These micro channels are coated with antibodies to recognize the stages of rectal cancer.
Heart Function Monitoring and Prevention of Heart Attack using Internet of Things
Authors: Nagendram  , Kalyan SSS , Baig Noore Shoail , Tej Dachuru Srujith , Mahendra Amirineni
Published: March 2021

Many people die of heart disease every year, as the hard tissue tightens and tightens the arteries, which can block the flow of blood through the arteries to the limbs and muscles, without causing complications. Heart disease is the leading cause of death. There are some medications that reduce heart rate and prevent fear of heart attacks such as Nitroglycerin, Beta-blockers, and immediate injections into a patient’s body. If an adult is sleeping at home and a sudden heart attack occurs it will be a dangerous condition, if the doctor is not at home to help and provide immediate medical attention. As this project progresses, place more nerves to monitor the patient’s environment and health, if the patient develops a heart attack and then the first stage of the heart is a sudden change in heart rate. As it gets too high or too low during this time, we get a heart attack using a pulse sensor and microcontroller, with the help of a microcontroller and a car the drug will be injected into the patient’s body by controlling the amount of drug flow then the controlling a heart attack is quicker, easier, and more predictable.
Design of a Dual Band Miniature Microstrip Patch Antenna
Authors: Akhil Kataru , Sudeer Adabala , Nagendram S , Kalyan SSS
Published: March 2021

Microstrip patch antennas perform a major task in current communication techniques. In this paper we mainly specify the model of a dual-band miniature MPA for IoT application. The specific antenna is fed through a 50Ω microstrip line feed. And the architectural layout, and simulation of the expected antenna are done using HFSS software. The ground volume of the planned antenna is 10×6.5mm2. The projected antenna having a relative permittivity of 4.4 on the FR4 epoxy surface, 0.02 loss tangent, and 1.6 mm height. The antenna has a managing frequency ranging from 5.8GHz to 14GHz with -35.84dB return loss and -17.17dB respectively. And studied in terms of gain and VSWR. The general configuration of the suggested antenna is applicable for easy designing and it can be utilized for Ku-band satellite applications, weather monitoring systems, etc.
SAR Analysis of Jute Substrate based Tri-bandAntenna for Wearable Applications
Authors: Ram Sandeep D , Prabakaran N , Madhav B T P , Lokesh Reddy D , Divya Sree K , Pavan Sai Kumar J , Salma S
Published: March 2021

In this communication, a textile-based circularly polarized monopole antenna was developed on jute material. The propounded textile antenna functions in the tri bands of WiMAX, WLAN, and ISM bands at the frequencies of 3.5, 4.9, and 5.8 GHz. This design was also resonating with the circular polarization. The proposed antenna was fabricated on the jute fabric and has shown an excellent characteristic in terms of resonating frequencies and axial ratios. The proposed antenna aims to work in the nearness of the human; for that purpose, we also investigated the antenna’s performance by employing it on the human body. The on-body simulation analysis was performed on a three-layer body phantom model, which was developed by considering the electrical characteristics of muscle, fat, and the skin. A good agreement in terms of the operating frequencies was observed between the measurement values in stand-alone conditions and on body placement. Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) investigation was also performed on both 1 gram and 10 grams of tissue. The results obtained from the simulation are within the SAR standards’ limits, which shows the textile antenna’s excellent performance.
Mechanical Analysis of the S&P 500 Index Time Series
Authors: Rajilić Zoran , Stupar Nikola , Malivuk Gak Dragana
Published: March 2021

Daily values of the stock market index S&P 500 are considered as a coordinate of an oscillating particle in discrete time. These driven nonlinear oscillations are occasionally damped, amplified and unstable. Large changes of the coordinate are usually preceded by exceptional values of the acting force parameters. Therefore, mechanical analysis enables an estimation of the risk of stock market crash. In order to better understand the problem of predictability, we have considered some artificial time series with combination of chaos and stochasticity, generated by the appropriate differential equation of motion. We indeed can roughly predict the second half of the time series, with low enough level of stochasticity, if we know the first half of the series.
The influence of various vascular access ports on MV photon beam uniformity examined on the PMMA phantom
Authors: Topčagić M , Đedović E , Osmić H , Smajlović M
Published: March 2021

The presence of a high-density material object such as the vascular access port made of titanium, can affect the homogeneity of dose distribution in underlying tissues. This influence depends on numerous factors but in the first place on the composition material of such an object and its geometry. In this work an influence of the various titanium-made vascular ports, placed in the 6 MV photon field, have been analyzed. The vascular ports of various sizes were placed on the top of thepolymethyl-methacrylate (PMMA) phantom which is then scanned on a computed tomography (CT) simulator to generate the digitized 3-dimensional images for the purpose of treatment planning. The treatment plans were prepared in matRad treatment planning toolkit. The beam profiles and the percentage depth doses have been analyzed. The observed maximum dose values, for ports A, B, C and D, relatively to the maximum dose value in PMMA phantom alone, were 102.25%, 100.62%, 101.78% and 102.48%, respectively. The titanium edges of the ports reduce the dose below them in amount of 8.52%, 8.64%, 10.01% and 10.04% observed for ports A, B, C and D, respectively, in comparison to the central axis dose value obtained in PMMA phantom for the port-free case. The established changes in PDD curves and beam profiles depend on the vascular access port dimensions, reservoir volumes as well as of the amount of titanium content.
Potential impacts of 1.5 °C, 2 °C global warming levels on temperature and rainfall over Madagascar
Authors: Barimalala R , Raholijao N , Pokam W , Reason C J C
Published: March 2021

Outputs from 25 regional climate models within the coordinated regional downscaling experiments—Africa are used to assess the impacts of the 1.5°C and 2°C global warming levels (GWLs) over Madagascar. A robust increase in the annual mean temperature ranging from 0.9°C to 1.2°C (1.3°C–1.8°C) is projected in the 1.5°C (2°C) GWL. The west and southwestern parts of the island display the highest rise in temperature. On the other hand, the changes in rainfall signals depend on the location, the months within the rain season and the warming level with the models showing a large uncertainty in the signal of changes. During early summer, the west and southwest regions exhibit an increase in total rainfall accompanied with more wet spell days and excessive amounts of extreme rainfall. In contrast, the east and the north are characterized by a deficit in total rainfall and wet spell days while the maximum number of dry spells increase. The change signals are more pronounced in the 2°C GWL. From January to April, an overall increase in total and extreme rainfall is projected over the island. The two warming levels agree on the delay in the rainfall onset and shortening of the rainfall season with the 2°C GWL depicting more modest changes in the west and southern parts of the country compared to that of 1.5 °C GWL. These results have important implications not only for the development of the country but also for the endemic biodiversity which is already suffering from the impacts of climate change.
Decadal variability modulates trends in concurrent heat and drought over global croplands
Authors: Lesk Corey , Anderson Weston
Published: March 2021

Extreme heat and drought often reduce the yields of important food crops around the world, putting stress on regional and global food security. The probability of concurrently hot and dry conditions, which can have compounding impacts on crops, has already increased in many regions of the globe. The evolution of these trends in coming decades could have important impacts on global food security. However, regional variation and the influence of natural climate variability on these trends remains an important gap in understanding future climate risk to crops. In this study, we examine trends in concurrent hot-and-dry extremes over global maize and wheat croplands since 1950. We find that the mean extent of cropland in a joint hot-and-dry extreme increased by ∼2% over 1950–2009, and this trend has accelerated substantially since the mid-2000s, notably in the tropics. While joint hot-and-dry seasons affected at most 1%–2% of global cropland per year during the mid-20th century, they regularly exceeded this extent after about 1980, affecting up to 5% of global crop area. These results suggest that the global climate is transitioning from one in which concurrent heat and drought occur rarely to one in which they occur over an important fraction of croplands every year. While these long-term global trends are primarily attributable to anthropogenic climate change, we find they have been suppressed by decadal climate variability in some regions, especially ones with chronic food insecurity. Potential reversals in these tendencies of decadal variability would accelerate exposure of croplands to concurrent heat and drought in coming decades. We conclude by highlighting the need for research and adaptive interventions around multivariate hazards to global crops across timescales.
Global importance of methane emissions from drainage ditches and canals
Authors: Peacock M , Audet J , Bastviken D , Futter M N , Gauci V , Grinham A , Harrison J A , Kent M S , Kosten S , Lovelock C E , Veraart A J , Evans C D
Published: March 2021

Globally, there are millions of kilometres of drainage ditches which have the potential to emit the powerful greenhouse gas methane (CH4), but these emissions are not reported in budgets of inland waters or drained lands. Here, we synthesise data to show that ditches spanning a global latitudinal gradient and across different land uses emit large quantities of CH4 to the atmosphere. Area-specific emissions are comparable to those from lakes, streams, reservoirs, and wetlands. While it is generally assumed that drainage negates terrestrial CH4 emissions, we find that CH4 emissions from ditches can, on average, offset ∼10% of this reduction. Using global areas of drained land we show that ditches contribute 3.5 Tg CH4 yr−1 (0.6–10.5 Tg CH4 yr−1); equivalent to 0.2%–3% of global anthropogenic CH4 emissions. A positive relationship between CH4 emissions and temperature was found, and emissions were highest from eutrophic ditches. We advocate the inclusion of ditch emissions in national GHG inventories, as neglecting them can lead to incorrect conclusions concerning the impact of drainage-based land management on CH4 budgets.
Enhanced performance of a Ba0.5Sr0.5Co0.8Fe0.2O3−δ
based oxygen electrode for solid oxide electrolysis cells by decorating with Ag particles
Authors: Zheng Jie , Wang Xiaoyan , Yu Ji , Tian Ning
Published: March 2021

To improve the performance of a Ba0.5Sr0.5Co0.8Fe00.2O3−δ
(BSCF) oxygen electrode in a solid-oxide electrolysis cell (SOEC), Ag particles were added to increase its conductivity and thus its electrochemical performance. The experiment results showed that the polarization resistance of Ag decorated BSCF-SDC oxygen electrode with the appropriate amount of Ag particles was lower than that of BSCF-SDC oxygen electrode. Especially, the polarization resistance of Ag decorated BSCF-SDC oxygen electrode with 1.3 wt.% Ag particles (noted as 1.3Ag-BSCF-SDC) was as low as 0.006 Ω cm2. The 1.3Ag-BSCF-SDC oxygen electrode showed good stability in the short-term electrolysis durability test. The electrolysis cell based on 1.3Ag-BSCF-SDC oxygen electrode showed better performance than that based on BSCF-SDC oxygen electrode. Therefore, this method is an effective way to improve the performance of a BSCF-based oxygen electrode for an SOEC.
Study on the curing behavior of polythiol/phenolic/epoxy resin and the mechanical and thermal properties of the composites
Authors: Peng Weikai , Chen Xi , Wang Jun
Published: March 2021

Phenolic/epoxy resin (EP-PF) composites were prepared, in which phenolic resin and epoxy resin was used as matrix, polythiol and triethanolamine as curing accelerators. The uniform experimental design method was used to obtain the scheme, in which the resin system had minimum curing temperature. The curing kinetics and the apparent activation energy of the resin system were studied and calculated by the differential scanning calorimetry., and the mechanical and thermal properties of the composite was analyzed. The results show that when the content of polythiol was 12% and the content of triethanolamine was 11%, the peak curing temperature of the resin system was 118°C, which was lower than the phenolic resin or phenolic/epoxy resin. Tg dropped from 212 °C of PF to 157 °C of EPF and then to 147 °C of EPF-B. The thermal decomposition temperature and residual carbon rate also showed a slight downward trend, but the mechanical properties were greatly improved. The strength and flexural modulus of EPF-B have increased from 291.4 MPa and 11.2 GPa of EPF to 440 MPa and 12.3 GPa, an increase of 49% and 27%. This research provides a theoretical basis for broadening the application range of phenolic resin and epoxy resin blending system.
Lipid-polymer hybrid nanoparticles in cancer therapy: current overview and future directions
Authors: Persano Francesca , Gigli Giuseppe , Leporatti Stefano
Published: March 2021

Cancer remains one of the leading cause of death worldwide. Current therapies are still ineffective in completely eradicating the disease. In the last two decades, the use of nanodelivery systems has emerged as an effective way to potentiate the therapeutic properties of anti-cancer drugs by improving their solubility and stability, prolong drug half-lives in plasma, minimize drug’s toxicity by reducing its off-target distribution, and promote drugs’ accumulation at the desired target site. Liposomes and polymer nanoparticles are the most studied and have demonstrated to be the most effective delivery systems for anti-cancer drugs. However, both liposomes and polymeric nanoparticles suffer from limitations, including high instability, rapid drug release, limited drug loading capacity, low biocompatibility and lack of suitability for large-scale production. To overcome these limitations, lipid-polymer hybrid nanoparticles (LPHNPs) have been developed to merge the advantages of both lipid- and polymer-based nanocarriers, such as high biocompatibility and stability, improved drug loading and controlled release, as well as increased drug half-lives and therapeutic efficacy. This review provides an overview on the synthesis, properties and application of LPHNPs for cancer therapy.