bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Teachers in practice
Authors: Russell John
Published: February 2008

The basis of any systematic scheme for college staff‐development is regular performance appraisal. Only from an analysis of shortcomings can staff‐development be planned. A senior administrator will be easily attracted to the logic of this for he will see his task as being the allocation of limited funds or resources to priorities that can be established by a rational comparison of needs. Two main problems of implementation exist: firstly, that teaching staff have tended to see their classroom performances as in some way secret and defended by some concept of professionalism and, secondly, the objectives against which performance is to be measured need to be established. Although some attention has been paid to this second difficulty it has to an extent been submerged under two old traditional approaches to FE teaching. It seems superficially obvious that the prime task of the teacher is to communicate well in the classroom (or workshop) and possibly to help ‘motivate’ his students. This tradition has been underpinned by and reflected in the attitudes of the colleges of education to the teaching‐practice of their students. Reports, where requested, have been dominated by classroom performance, and until very recently, the role of the staff of the host‐college in teacher‐development (rather than evaluation) has been ignored. The other traditional FE approach has been that the curriculum is ‘given’ by an external examining body which has in many cases been seen as specifying the number of teaching hours required. Thus, all the teacher has to do is to ‘present’ the curriculum.
Careers:
Authors: Heppell Ray
Published: February 2008

No sphere of human endeavour is quite so fraught with fashionable catch‐phrases, jargon or gimmickry than that of education, and there are times when the teacher in the classroom must yearn for some relief from the seemingly endless barrage of new and often ill‐considered ploys which the educational pundits expect to have tried out, evaluated, and discussed in an age of all too rapid change in educational methods and techniques. One of the most common devices at present finding increasing favour is that of gaming, simulation and role‐play, and such is the growing popularity of these techniques that many publishers are wasting no time in climbing on the band‐wagon. If teachers are to accept that such methods are educationally viable then certain educational criteria must be satisfied, and if the careers teacher is to accept them as part of a careers education programme then they must clearly foster the objectives and themes of careers education.
Dead letters
Authors: Jones Lyndon
Published: February 2008

A major factor stimulating the development of correspondence education was the elitist conception of higher education which denied higher learning to all but a select few. Hence, as the higher educational sector grew and developed rapidly, many expected to see correspondence education wither away. In fact the contrary is proving the case. With the emergence of the concept of permanent education, there is a renewed interest in this form of study.
Training for the remedial profession
Authors: Mercer John
Published: February 2008

The remedial professions are those that assess and treat patients after surgery or medicine has been given. They comprise occupational therapists, physiotherapists and remedial gymnasts.
The Paper Industry
Authors: Swift P.J.
Published: February 2008

The paper and paper products industry is made up of a number of diverse industries which make or handle paper and board in their many grades. They range from the suppliers of raw materials through a wide variety of converting operations to the waste paper merchants.
The automobile repair industry
Authors: Leeming David
Published: February 2008

This industry is regarded by many people as one of the newer industries in engineering and it has rapidly developed over the past twenty years, largely due to the increasing use of road vehicles for the transportation of people and goods. The industry often regards itself as third generation — this image, no doubt, having emerged as a result of the many family businesses established today which were started by a grandfather or uncle some thirty to forty years ago. Praise‐worthy are these early pioneers who had the initiative, enthusiasm and enterprise to develop their motor repair interests, often as a side‐line to their principal line of business which could have been textile or marine engineering, while others were general carriers, shopkeepers and blacksmiths. Incidentally, the doubling‐up of a motor trade business with another type of business still exists, and in some areas flourishes, particularly in country districts where the petrol pump and mixed business or cafe are run side‐by‐side by a sole trader. But this sort of trading is nowadays largely confined to the rural areas. In our town and city centres, a more common sight is the motor repair garage or filling station impressively built and illuminated (at times other than in a power crisis) and gaily decorated with a plethora of neon signs, flags and flashing lights — all used to attract customers (both casual and regular) on to the forecourt for service, repair or perhaps a complete vehicle overhaul.
Careers:
Authors: Surridge Owen
Published: February 2008

Romantics and the curious have always sought pastures far from home. This was no great problem for young Englishmen in the golden days of Empire, but now the adventurous must often overcome serious obstacles even in English‐speaking countries. This is particularly true of former colonies, where the natives usually make a point of running their own affairs and even the large international organisations must recruit their labour locally. A typical example is ICI. About one‐third of its employees work outside these islands but barely three in a thousand are long‐term expatriates; the others are local people.
The APTI story
Authors: Bristow Adrian
Published: February 2008

Few people outside technical education have any idea what the initials APTI stand for. And there are many inside who would be hard pressed to answer. FE teachers probably regard the Association of Principals of Technical Institutions as a small, close‐knit educational Mafia, bent on preserving the last shreds of authority in an increasingly participative world. But this is an unkind view to take of one of the two major professional organisations concerned with technical education.
The philosophy of education
Authors: Thompson C.A.
Published: February 2008

It must surely be a part of our responsibilities to contribute towards the evolving of policies and plans of a system of education which permits the moral, mental and physical development of the community and engenders spiritual and human values.
Further education—a poverty‐stricken future
Authors: Fowler Gerry
Published: February 2008

Well, it's all the fault of the miners. Not forgetting those damned traindrivers, of course. Or was it the beastly sheikhs? Uncivilised lot, never could trust 'em, and very few have been to the best schools either. Though some have — but it only seems to make them worse. On the other hand, it can't have been them, because they're our friends. Everybody tells us so. No, it must have been those grasping Israelis, with their un‐British imperialist expansionist greed. Wider still and wider shall their bounds be spread … No, wrong song. We were quite right to cut off their arms supplies: they can't seriously have expected spare parts as well, when we sold them tanks. If they were British, they'd know what you could do with string, fuse wire, and a soldering iron. Our so‐called ‘partners’ in the Common Market haven't helped much cither. What can you expect? Only thirty years ago half of them were trying to destroy us, and civilisation with us — and the other half got beaten in double‐quick time, so that they didn't have to share the burden. Except of course the Irish; but you know what they're like.
Comprehensive is beyond comprehension
Authors: Boyson Rhodes
Published: February 2008

There are a number of parallels and a number of differences between schools and factories. Both have to be managed well to bring maximum effort and ‘production’ out of the labour force but the product of schools is not easily measurable nor is it likely to be increased by mechanisation or scientific advance. It is as well to recognise these two areas of difference when people talk about business management courses for teachers and the growth of educational technology.
Technical education — a local or national responsibility?
Authors: Young Tom
Published: February 2008

Much has been and is written about philosophies and fundamental beliefs in education as conducted in schools and in universities and other institutions of higher education. Little or nothing is published about non‐advanced further education, although this concerns hundreds of thousands of students, and even less about that part of further education which used to be called, and is still popularly known as, “technical education”. Yet in this, no less than in the other better known parts of the educational system, action is controlled and effort directed according to certain precepts, often not clearly recognised as such. This is the first of a series of articles in which an attempt will be made to identify the sources of such beliefs and to assess their validity in a modern context.
The NELP experiment with DipHE
Authors: Cunningham Ian
Published: February 2008

It is often difficult for us to explain what we are trying to achieve through developing a DipHE. This is partly because there are two inter‐linked strands in our thinking. First there is the desire to develop two year programmes of higher education, because of a belief that an extension of educational opportunity to a wider section of the community demands different kinds of courses. Secondly we wished to challenge assumptions about what higher education is for, and the DipHE structure happened to be a convenient vehicle. When we argue for an extension of what we are doing (and our students are certainly concerned to see this happen) then we are suggesting not just an expansion of two‐year programmes, but a development of new ways of thinking about higher education.
All change at Leyland (South Africa)
Authors: King Taylor Lynda
Published: February 2008

I am not, in this article, covering the South African issues which obviously affect the environment within which Landau has to manage. However, I think in the interest of Education & Training readership it is worth mentioning one particular area: that of education.
Central American visit … 1. Belize
Authors: Trustram S.F.
Published: February 2008

Spanish Honduras, a neighbour, was in the news in September 1974 with 9,000 killed and 60,000 homeless from hurricane Fifi. No wonder hurricanes are the main topic of conversation in the former colony of British Honduras, as is the more temperate weather of UK in British homes. Well over a century ago the US ambassador to the Central American Federation visited what he subsequently described as the British Territory of Belize. Although like most artificial federations the CAF soon crumbled, and this country became known as British Honduras, in 1973 it renamed itself Belize.
The great American recession … 2
Authors: Avent Catherine
Published: February 2008

American educators have plenty to worry them in the higher and further education sector. Discussions with administrators and student personnel workers have highlighted a number of topics which have relevance to us in this country. Many young people are asking for their higher education to be more vocationally relevant; so they are questioning the desirability of spending four years in a Liberal Arts College studying subjects which have no bearing upon ultimate careers. There has been over‐production of PhDs in certain subjects, and the economic argument for higher education is much less powerful nowadays than it was a decade ago when young people could be persuaded to aspire to a College education because it would pay off over a lifetime's employment.
Unto us a (corporate) child is born
Authors: Hutchinson James
Published: February 2008

As the number of redundancies and closures grows, one notices that many are in subsidiaries of multi‐national companies. One of the possible reasons for this is of particular interest: the ability of their managers. How capable are they of responding to adversity when their very existence is a result not of indigenous talents but more a symbol of the success of their parents? Furthermore, does the nature of these companies prevent their managers from maturing sufficiently to be able to act without parental guidance?
English as she is written — 1. Punctuation
Authors: Baker Edgar
Published: February 2008

The Editor has asked me to contribute a few articles on various pitfalls in English into which overseas students, in particular, tend to fall. I am not sure how useful articles on various aspects of English can be; for the acquisition of a language is a slow business, like the building of a coral reef, and short‐cuts are of little value. Those of us who have spent much of our lives in learning and teaching languages know only too well that it is a never‐ending process. One is constantly learning one's own mother tongue; and when it comes to a foreign language it seems as if the more you know, the harder it becomes. Persistence, concentrated effort, and attention to detail are the only weapons that in the end produce results. Close reading and a handy notebook are essential.
Books
Authors: Avent Catherine
Published: February 2008

Way back in the early 1960s when I had been talking and writing about American counsellors and their work, the then editor of The Times Educational Supplement took me to task by saying that people in English education did not really want to know about American comprehensive high schools and their counsellors. We have travelled a long way since then; though there are still plenty of people in educational circles who believe that teenagers and young adults can normally pursue their education and enter a vocation without much more than the occasional chat to a housemaster or tutor, and a riffle through a few college prospectuses and careers pamphlets. At this stage, then, it is particularly useful for those who are engaged in further education to be prompted to consider some of the principles pertaining to counselling by taking a look at the development of this particular skill within the secondary schools. CRAC, in their recent series Aspects of Guidance, have persuaded Peter Daws to undertake what is described as ‘a personal review of the beginnings of counselling in English education during the decade 1964–74’. This little paperback entitled Early Days may be thought wildly expensive at £4 for 64 pages; but any lecturer or training officer who can persuade the librarian of his institution to buy a copy will be well rewarded by the interest and illumination which Peter Daws gives to his subject.
Lifelines to learning
Authors: Stephens Michael
Published: February 2008

‘Lifelines’ for short: the title that, since October 1975, has demarcated BBC Radio's adult education programmes (weekdays 6.30 — 7.30 pm medium wave) from the surrounding, and quite different, culture of Radio 3. Successor to the seemingly more demanding, and perhaps more peremptory, Study on 3, Lifelines witnesses to the prevailing new emphasis on the provision of learning stimuli for the non‐joiners, the educationally disadvantaged and disaffected. It no longer assumes ready motivation to study, but anticipates willingness — and ability — to learn, at least so long as that learning is life‐orientated rather than subject‐dominated.
Post‐course action planner
Authors: Page Denys
Published: February 2008

Any managerial training course which adds only to the knowledge of the participants without enabling them to translate what they have learnt into effective action on their return has not succeeded in its objectives and has been largely a waste of time.
The Telos leadership model
Authors: Weiss Alan
Published: February 2008

Our research on leadership is based on the work of Dr. Victor H. Vroom of Yale University and his associate Dr. Philip W. Yetton of the Manchester Business School — work discussed in their book Leadership and Decision‐Making (University of Pittsburgh Press, 1973). Following their lead, we can separate potential leadership styles into five categories (the letter‐and‐number labels are arbitrary):
Books
Authors: Avent Catherine
Published: February 2008

Returning to their labours after the summer holidays, lecturers in FHE colleges may well view students with a somewhat jaundiced eye. We all have our own opinions about the younger generation and the way they react to us; but most of us do not take the trouble to write accounts of our work with students, and it is salutary from time to time to read what other people have troubled to formulate in the way of opinions about particular categories of the breed. There will therefore be a general welcome for three interesting paperbacks which have recently been produced on three different aspects of student life and work.
TEC takes off
Authors: Helmore Roy
Published: February 2008

There has been a surprising amount of criticism lately in a number of quarters concerning the activities of TEC. Some of this criticism has been less than well‐informed, and much of it has been self‐contradictory; but there is no doubt that underlying much of it is a genuine concern for the well‐being of TEC and support for what it is trying to do.
Training for clerical work restructuring
Authors: Walsh William
Published: February 2008

As more firms become interested in the idea of work restructuring to provide satisfying (or maybe just more satisfying) jobs, so the seminar construction industry is faced with a new challenge — how do we meet the need for practical training?
Improving the quality of working life
Authors: Landen D.L.
Published: February 2008

GM has throughout its history consistently sought better ways to implement the philosophy that people are the Corporation's most important asset — and not merely expense items to be recorded in the accounting ledger. In the early days, GM placed most of its development efforts on employee selection, training, and job placement. The prevailing view of the 1920s and 1930s was to match people to jobs. While this approach produced success, it was too narrow in scope to check the growth of many new employee relations problems. Increased trade unionism was seen as a means for people to protect their rights and improve their status in the organisation.
Accountancy
Authors: Allen OBE Bill
Published: February 2008

The following are the recognised senior bodies of accountants in the British Isles, all of which have been incorporated by Royal Charter:
English as she is written — 4. Prepositions
Authors: Baker Edgar
Published: February 2008

Any examiner knows that prepositions can be a source of mistakes in English. Their use is governed by idiom, so that it is not possible to give simple rules to guide the learner; he has to learn from experience. Even native speakers of English sometimes make mistakes and use the wrong preposition on occasions.
Education and the needs of the economy
Authors: Fowler Gerry
Published: February 2008

The Prime Minister called recently for “a great debate” upon the curriculum and standards in schools, and on how education could best meet the needs of the economy.
Time to give secondary education a sense of vocation
Authors: Stoker S.G.C.
Published: February 2008

The appearance of the Yellow Book on Education which formed the basis of the Prime Minister's speech at Ruskin College in October 1976 has revitalised the debate on the nature of the Secondary School curriculum. If the resulting dialogue between the various elements within the educational system is controlled and sensible, then much of value for our children might result. If, however, the outcome is a polarisation of ideas at the two ends of the theoretical spectrum between common core and free development in the curriculum, then the children in our schools will yet again become pawns in the educational chess game. Worse still, we will be further away than ever from the provision of a secondary education which allows them to take a meaningful and useful place in industrial society.
The case for monotechnics in business studies
Authors: Jones Lyndon
Published: February 2008

1976, the bicentennial year of the publication of Adam Smith's famous book, sent many persons profitably delving into The Wealth of Nations, for much of what he wrote is still relevant to present‐day needs. In particular, his observations regarding specialisation merit serious thought for those involved in post‐school education.
Trade Union studies
Authors: King Joe
Published: February 2008

Some of the first‐year programmes of Trade Union Studies, shown last year, left many tutors — and trade unionists — unconvinced of the value of the series. But many tutors revised their view after reading the tutors' notes for year 1, and the Research Report on how trade unionists benefited from the year 1 series and book. A detailed study of tutors' problems and successes with year 1 has helped the course team provide a much more integrated second year package, and much more practically useful tutors' notes. These, together with the new trade union studies book 2, must be essential reading for all tutors handling economic issues in industry.
The changing pattern of retirement provision
Authors: Craig‐Smith Edward
Published: February 2008

For many years now superannuation contributions have been a form of deferred salary; but this has only recently been generally recognised and become a bargaining counter by an increasing number of Associations and Unions. What is perhaps not so clear to the contributor is that the pension provided is necessarily related to the average case, and in many instances the provision is not ideal for a particular individual. The actual needs vary from one person to another, and many may have sought to make alternative provision for their own and their potential widow's needs at a time when the conditions of the Teachers' Super‐annuation Scheme were more limited than they are now. A basic pension, which also includes some provision for a widow, is now mandatory for all teachers; but there are many options to enhance or amend the pension provided, and these should be considered by each and every teacher at an early date if full use is to be made of some of the options.
The accountancy workshop in education
Authors: Austin Les
Published: February 2008

Most accountancy tutors would agree that Sophocles' aphorism One must learn by doing the thing is particularly apposite to the study of book‐keeping and its related subjects, costing and auditing. Accordingly they usually intersperse their instruction with as much practical work as possible.
On the ball with a second career
Authors: Kerry R.N.
Published: February 2008

There are three basic groups of people involved in career change situations. First, those who seek greater job enrichment, etc; secondly, those faced by sudden redundancy, due either to economic disaster or structural changes in industry; thirdly, those in occupations which are inherently short‐term who face an inevitable change of job at the end of that term.
Personnel's predatory problems
Authors: Walsh William
Published: February 2008

The continuation of legislative developments affecting the employment and welfare of people at work is creating a need for a thorough re‐assessment of personnel sections, and maybe an audit to see how the latter are coping with new needs. At any one time so much is in the pipe‐line (as I write, there are proposed codes of practice in three areas by ACAS, and proposed regulations by the Health and Safety at Work Commission) that it almost needs a separate crystal ball section forecasting future needs for advice and assistance to line management in keeping in touch with changing requirements. It is not just that proposals are difficult to keep in touch with, but that what happens to them becomes confused.
Communication — a vital business skill
Authors: Evans Desmond
Published: February 2008

Turn to page 58, exercise 3. It's a letter of complaint. I'll want to collect them in by the end of the lesson, so you've got about 25 minutes. Come on, Sandra, you know perfectly well what a letter of complaint is …
Minding your Ps and Qs and Es
Authors: Allen Bill
Published: February 2008

Once upon a time a qualified accountant could make some claim to be an expert in most, though perhaps not in all, aspects of accountancy — even if he was not prepared to go as far as a former Secretary of the Institute who claimed that, following the 1939 – 45 war, the pace of life had changed so much that his afternoons were now all wakeful. The newly qualified accountant has a career expectancy of up to forty years. We may obtain some idea of the minimum extent to which there will be future change over that period of time if we look back even sketchily over the last forty years.
The mountains burgeon…what blooming disappointments await?
Authors: Fowler Gerry
Published: February 2008

The Roman poet Horace wrote: “The mountains burgeon; a silly little mouse will be born”. Until recently, that might have seemed a fair judgment on the seemingly endless deliberations of the Council of Europe, UNESCO, and the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development about recurrent, lifelong, or continuing education. The terminological disputes, and doubts about the relevance of the difference in terminology to what actually happened, might have led the objective observer to wonder whether he had strayed into a quaintly‐surviving mediaeval disputation.
Improving supervisory performance without training
Authors: Jones Lyndon
Published: February 2008

Many supervisors feel that they are stuck with an impossible job, with insufficient authority to handle things. Simultaneously, management does not believe supervision is accomplishing as much as could be expected. Not infrequently both parties look to some form of training as the answer. In many cases, substantial sums are invested in supervisory training; and few would question that most persons, let alone supervisors, can benefit from well‐structured training programmes. But:
For further education, the green paper is for no‐go
Authors: Hampson Keith
Published: February 2008

Welcome though it is to have an attempt at fitting together the various bits of the educational jigsaw, with a try at least to establishing a coherent philosophy, the Green Paper has to be roundly criticised for stopping short at precisely the wrong point. By focusing on the schools, it is in fact positively harmful. It distracts attention from where it should be focused most: namely the antithesis between education and training, which has for so long bedevilled the educational structure of this country; the existence of which has, moreover, led successive Ministers and their officials to accord low standing and little thought to further education.
Achieve more in less time
Authors: Jones Lydon
Published: February 2008

Some points to note to develop time consciousness and improve effectiveness include the following:
Opinion
Authors: Baker Edgar
Published: February 2008

The Editor has asked me to write a short personal opinion column to start a series designed to stimulate readers' views. We feel that the expression of one man's views about matters of public concern may spark off reactions from others. So if you read what follows you are invited to write in and say what you think.
The second tier in a nutshell
Authors: Industry Training Board Petroleum
Published: February 2008

This article has been prepared by the Petroleum Industry Training Board to provide an up‐to‐date picture of what is happening in the fields of both technician and business education.
Action Learning — or antiquity reborn
Authors: Revans Reginald
Published: February 2008

A recent issue of The Behavioral Sciences Newsletter referred to action learning as the latest management buzzwords in Europe. It is, on the contrary, a codification of the oldest activities of Mankind, since we became the social animals we are only by each learning with and from the other by common responses in the face of threat. Action learning asks whether managers learn anything useful in their tasks of managing by being cloistered with experts in the traditional programmes; it prefers real managers to tackle real problems in real time, so that by asking each other how they deal with today's troubles, and by observing the outcomes, they may succeed in dealing more effectively with tomorrow's.
Make it count
Authors: Freeman Richard
Published: February 2008

Humiliation and defeat are typical words in the 5,000 letters received by the National Extension College and Yorkshire Television in the three weeks which followed the launching of Make it count. The response to the programmes and books is enormous; we have struck a deep vein of need throughout the population. The overwhelming reaction is one of gratitude from adults who are desperate for help.
The broken bridge
Authors: Williams Shirley
Published: February 2008

For young men and women the period between 16 and 19 is the bridge between compulsory schooling and the adult world. The needs of these young people vary according to the situation of the individual but include the availability of a full range of education opportunity, vocational preparation for immediate and longer term needs, information about the world of work, careers guidance and continuing opportunities for personal development both general and vocational. There are four main elements in the population crossing the bridge — those who stay on at school; those who enter non‐advanced further education; those who enter employment; and those who become unemployed.
Fifteen years on in higher education
Authors: Oakes Gordon
Published: February 2008

The number of students in higher education has increased steadily since the early 1960s. In recent years, the proportion of school‐leavers qualified for and wanting to go on to higher education has remained fairly constant. But, even so, total student numbers have continued to go up because the number of 18‐year‐olds has been increasing year by year, reflecting the rising birthrate in the late 1950s and early 1960s. But this situation will not last much longer. The birthrate has fallen persistently every year since 1964; already this has produced a big decline in primary school rolls, and now it is beginning to affect secondary schools. From 1982 it will produce a decline in the number of 18‐year‐olds, which will become much steeper from 1989. How might the higher education system develop in the face of this prospect?
Can education survive unemployment?
Authors: Fowler Gerry
Published: February 2008

Youth unemployment is a danger to education. That became even more clear when in February the announcement was made that the weekly allowance for young people on the ‘Holland’ Youth Opportunities Programme was not after all to be £18 per week, as all had thought, but £19.50. The argument was that many of those who had been or would otherwise be on the existing Job Creation scheme would be deterred from entering the new programme if the drop in income was too severe, and that those young jobless people who were entitled to unemployment benefit (many are not) must be given no disincentive to enrolment in a training scheme. Few would dissent. But the equally powerful argument that we are unwise to give financial encouragement to young people to cease their full‐time education, whether at school or in FE, seems to have had few advocates in either the Cabinet or the Manpower Services Commission.
Books
Authors: Holdsworth Ruth
Published: February 2008

I make no apologies for devoting the whole of this month's review to one volume. Its merits warrant time being spent on it and, anyway, it's an area that particularly interests the reviewer. Basically it is a bringing‐together of papers prepared for a consultation of educationists held at Herbert Gray College in 1976. The concept growth towards autonomythe contributors admit to be both British and middle class; but as they see the alternative as being elitism for a few and servitude for many they feel committed to it, and indeed this is a propaganda document — albeit well considered, generally very well written, and argued from experience.
A quest for realism
Authors: Revans Reginald
Published: February 2008

There is a tale about a man who was considering a challenge: could he walk a thousand paces with his severed head carried under one arm? When asked what he thought would be the most difficult part of this proposed feat to accomplish he replied that, so long as he could complete the first step without allowing his head to fall on the ground, he though he would otherwise be all right. It is the first step that counts. There is a similar difficulty in action learning; once we have taken the first step, we run into few further problems. Nobody gives up, nobody says it is all a waste of time, most discover their own unused abilities, all are ready to advise their friends to try it for themselves. It is the first step that offers the supreme challenge, but it seems to be a challenge from which the British are much inclined to shrink.
Management of conflict
Authors: Page Denys
Published: February 2008

Conflict is an essential ingredient of any walk of life — especially business life. To pretend that it does not exist is to blind oneself to reality and thereby reduce one's management effectiveness. In fact if conflict did not exist, managerial decision‐making would become unnecessary and we would no longer need any managers. Apart from being inevitable, conflict should not be regarded as entirely undesirable either. It provides differences of viewpoint and opinion, creating situations from which we can extract learning, and is the source of most new ideas.
One‐third of our future
Authors: Stoker S.C.C.
Published: February 2008

For a number of years teachers in Further Education have been making loud public noises about the need for more Industrial Training and Further Education, more day release, and how essential it is to the nation to produce high professional and technical standards in Industry, Commerce and the Public Services. Those within the criticised sectors of the working community have replied to the effect that it might be better if FE set an example by putting its own house in order first, perhaps using the beam in its own eye as a starting point rather than the mote it observed elsewhere.
Changing patterns in teacher training
Authors: Kerry Trevor
Published: February 2008

The PGCE courses offered in universities and colleges of education face a number of crucial problems at a time when teaching has changed, and is still changing, its character at a tremendous rate.
Outside the UK, we are foreigners
Authors: Williams Shirley
Published: February 2008

Current needs for the teaching of modern languages are greater than ever before because of the importance of direct communications with other countries, and the fact that we still had a language education problem should merely heighten our determination to analyse and overcome the difficulties. It may well be that the euphoria generated by the movement towards reform in the early 1960s foundered on trying to do too much; that however generous the impulse, schools could not successfully cope at one and the same time with a massive expansion in the numbers of pupils learning a foreign language and with a revolution in teaching methods. We must now try to decide what we can realistically attempt — and above all do it well.
English — a heritage worth preserving
Authors: Baker Edgar
Published: February 2008

The way we use English matters. That is the proposition this article seeks to show. Language and thought are intertwined, and although we can think without language — animals do that — we need language to structure our thoughts and to communicate them to others. We need language to ask questions, to give orders, to make statements, and to express our emotions. Now although it may be possible to do all these things without language, our communication quickly becomes imprecise and vague. Anyone who has visited a country where no English is spoken will soon discover that fact if he cannot himself speak the local tongue.
Talking points
Authors: Turnbull John
Published: February 2008

In any career, changing circumstances and changing methods bring a need for periodic retraining. In some areas though, the added impact of a rapidly evolving technology accentuates this trend and creates problems in the selection of suitable course content. Of these few technologies are changing more rapidly than computing, where the rate of development constantly brings in its wake new equipment and techniques.
Parsing thoughts
Authors: Charlton James M.
Published: February 2008

A national newspaper reported recently that of a sample of university students one quarter failed basic tests in English. The report stated that professors were worried that some students had such a poor grasp of English that they could not understand what they were being taught. Though the sample consisted of only one quarter of home‐educated students, and the tests were devised for chemical engineering and science & society courses at Bradford University, the general indictment of the standard of English must have obvious wider implications. Indeed as the director of the university educational development service said:
The Open College is halfway here
Authors: Robinson John
Published: February 2008

Discussions about an Open College — a system of flexible learning opportunities for those aiming at ends other than degrees and diplomas — have gathered strength and subsided many times in the UK during the last fifteen years. It is not widely known that during the period 1963–1965, when Sir Harold Wilson (then Opposition Leader and Prime Minister Wilson) was making his challenging speeches about a University of the Air and the academic and newspaper fraternities were both having fun with ‘telly degrees’, the senior educationists at the BBC were in close discussion with HM Inspectorate and DES officials on an equally ambitious but less charismatic project. This was a proposal for using radio and television in close collaboration with correspondence courses and local tuition to extend opportunities in technical and commercial education and in preparatory courses for higher education: in other words, an Open College. It was Miss Jenny Lee's insistence that the new institution must be ‘a university, and nothing less than a university’ that finally closed the files on those discussions; and, in terms of political survival through a period of recession, no doubt she was right.
Hell's bells
Authors: Jones Lyndon
Published: February 2008

When the leading US magazine Fortune asked more than 50 chairmen, presidents and vice‐presidents to rank the ten worst wasters of their scarce and valuable time, telephone interruptions headed the list. And the problem appears to be growing since the introduction of STD. How best then to handle it? The first step is to ascertain its gravity. For this the minimum information required is:
The Administrative Staff College, Henley
Authors: Allen OBE Bill
Published: February 2008

The function of Henley is the education of managers for future responsibilities — a formidable undertaking since it attempts to interpret the future in the light of present knowledge. Nevertheless the college aims to plays its part in producing managers who will run efficient, effective and profitable enterprises.
The How and What of training
Authors: Gershoni Haim
Published: February 2008

A great deal has been published in recent years on how workers should be trained to perform manual tasks. However, what they should be taught to do is a subject virtually ignored. It is taken for granted that the task and its method are thoroughly understood, but unfortunately this was not found to be the case.
Learning how to behave yourself
Authors: Harber Billie‐Ann
Published: February 2008

Much of our daily time in social, home, and work situations is spent influencing and modifying the behaviour of others. We all have certain abilities for getting along with people, and generally these abilities are exercised in natural unconscious ways. Without really thinking about it, we constantly act to adjust our own or another's behaviour to create a desirable interaction.
The feedback classroom — an alternative technology
Authors: Ellis Paul
Published: February 2008

There are few who would not agree that in the classroom situation it is valuable to obtain information on the effectiveness of instruction. By asking questions and noting various cues such as attentiveness, the teacher can identify misunderstandings and rectify them, expand on points and, where necessary, adopt alternative strategies, thus tailoring his presentation to the needs of the group.
Books
Authors: Holdsworth Ruth
Published: February 2008

The modest publication is the Annual Report of the Council for Education Technology, the government‐funded body with a UK remit to promote the application and development of educational technology. This booklet not only provides a review of the Council's activities to September '78 but also includes the Council's 1978 statement in the great education debate Educational Technology: a contribution to the improvement of education. Perhaps one can't expect such a document to be more than general in character, but I found some sections so general as to become vague. Take, for instance, the passage on teachers' professional expertise:
The linking elements concept
Authors: Sykes Philip
Published: February 2008

The most valuable resource of any organisation is its personnel. This is a cliche which would be hardly worth repeating, except for the uncomfortable fact that in many organisations it is a resource which is underdeveloped or even ignored. Perhaps this is not so surprising, as it is about as difficult to get to grips with the development of people as it is to catch a jelly with a pair of wet hands.
Right is not might— only maybe
Authors: Fowler Gerry
Published: February 2008

The General Election is over, with the predicted result. Margaret Thatcher is in Downing Street/and Mark Carlisle (and Rhodes Boyson, from whom may the good Lord preserve us) in Elizabeth House. With them is Janet, the Baroness Young, as Minister of State; as far as I know her principal educational qualification, apart from her own degree, is to have been born the daughter of the Bursar of Jesus College, Oxford. Perhaps that is symbolic: the present Government shows every sign of being strong on finance — in the sense of cutting it — and weak on the content of education. Meanwhile Shirley Williams has departed from the scene, as have Margaret Jackson, Bryan Davies (a former FE teacher), Mike Noble (once chairman of Burnley LEA), and myself. We shall dispense with expertise: prejudices to the fore¡
Now for education vouchers — 2
Authors: Wall Howard
Published: February 2008

A voucher scheme for post‐school education was advocated by Professor George Wedell at a Liberal Education Association meeting during the Liberal Assembly at Southport last year. Professor Wedell, who is Head of the Community Employment Projects Division in the EEC Commission and visiting Professor of Employment Policy at Manchester University, suggested that at the end of the compulsory school period each person should be able to claim vouchers which would entitle the holder to the equivalent of seven years recurrent education between the ages of 16 and 65.
The foundry industry
Authors: Cave Brian
Published: February 2008

Many young people are either totally unaware of, or have outdated ideas about, the foundry industry. Like all other industries, it needs to attract people both of the right calibre and in sufficient numbers to meet its manning requirements. This need is great in the technical areas, as the industry keeps in step with technological developments. At the same time it must maintain its craft levels, although the type of work undertaken will change. The industry is acutely aware that the labour market is a competitive one, and to succeed in any competitive market one needs to advertise; your potential clients have to be informed about your product.
DES News Releases
Authors: Boyson Rhodes
Published: February 2008

I was a schoolmaster for 23 years and regard teaching as a great profession; but it would be wrong for us to ignore tendencies in the opposite direction which have harmed and can continue to harm the respect in which teachers are held. For too many years we recruited into teacher training at 18 some 40 per cent who did not have ‘O’‐level mathematics, and some 5 per cent who did not even have ‘O’‐level English. The recruitment of such low level candidates has now come to an end, and standards of teacher recruitment would steadily rise. Two ‘A’‐levels would in general be necessary for teacher recruits from Autumn 1980; Maths and English ‘O’‐levels would be required for all leaving teacher training in 1984. With about half of the newly‐qualified having post‐graduate certificates after obtaining a normal degree, and almost all the rest having the new style Bachelor of Education degree, teaching would be very close to achieving an all‐graduate entry.
Fleecing the foreigners
Authors: Fowler Gerry
Published: February 2008

This month sees another swingeing increase in the fees for overseas students attending British institutions of further and higher education: an increase of nearly one‐third. Of this, a rise of 9% is attributable to the last Government, which had decided to keep fees at the same real value as in the last academic year. The rest is the responsibility of the present Government. I suppose it could be argued that part of their increase too was occasioned by the need to keep fees in line with general levels of inflation, since they have themselves deliberately and sharply increased price levels by their taxation policies, their demands upon the nationalised industries, and the abolition of the Price Commission. But unhappily overseas students do not benefit from the commensurate reduction in British direct taxation; few fall into that happy little group who used to pay tax at 83% and will now enjoy the blessed relief of a 60% maximum rate. But most of the additional increase is in any event designed to be straightforward profit‐taking, an activity with which the members of Her Majesty's present Government are very familiar.
Effective management of employee attendance
Authors: Jones Lyndon
Published: February 2008

In the development of a strategy to reduce absenteeism one must focus on attendance. Factors related to absenteeism, which become high turnover, are shown in Figure II.
No place for Miss Luddite
Authors: Macdonald Eleanor
Published: February 2008

Take a letter, Miss Smith. Will anyone be saying that ten years from now? five years from now? In the office, things are changing at a tremendous pace. Secretaries and bosses are also going to have to adapt to meet the new technology that is bringing in the change. This was the theme of a recent Conference The Secretary of the future at the Cafe Royal, London attended by 80 people. Presented by Eleanor Macdonald, the internationally‐known training specialist, it dealt with the anxieties being felt by those now engaged in office work. The message was:
Books
Authors: Holdsworth Ruth
Published: February 2008

Annual Report of the Careers Advisory Board of the University of Nottingham; and Careers, Employment, Further Study and Educational Liaison, the annual report of Sheffield City Polytechnic.