bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Quantification of Stream Drying Phenomena Using Grid-Based Hydrological Modeling via Long-Term Data Mining throughout South Korea including Ungauged Areas
Authors: Jung Chunggil , Lee Jiwan , Lee Yonggwan , Kim Seongjoon
Published: March 2019

The Drying Stream Assessment Tool and Water Flow Tracking (DrySAT-WFT) were modified to simulate the hydrological components of water loss databases (DBs) affecting stream drying phenomena. In this study, the phenomenon is defined based on a method using the 10-day minimum flow (reference Q355). Prior to identifying the method using reference Q355, the DrySAT-WFT model was calibrated and verified for its performance with the total runoff (TQ), evapotranspiration (ET), and soil moisture (SM) at 12 streamflow locations, 3 ET locations, and 58 SM locations. The average R2 for TQ in 2005 to 2015 were 0.66 to 0.84, which demonstrates good performance. Moreover, Nash Sutcliffe model efficiency (NSE) values were 0.52 to 0.72, which are also good. After verifying the DrySAT-WFT model for hydrologic components, in order to apply the method, this study defined the drying progress which was analyzed by the stream drying index (SDI) as decision criteria. In this study, the criteria for the estimation of SDI were calculated as reference Q355 coming from the 10-day minimum flow considering only weather changes from 1976 to 2015. Then, SDI grades were determined by counting the number of days below a reference Q355 from TQ considering all water loss databases (DBs) such as weather changes, groundwater uses, forest heights, soil depths, land use, and road network. On the other hand, SDI represents how many days below the reference Q355 increased when all water loss DBs were applied, in comparison to when only weather changes were applied. The DrySAT-WFT model simulated the hydrological components of the water balance based on each water loss DB, including the application of all DBs. As a result, the change ratios for TQ were measured: −4.8% for groundwater use (GWU), −1.3% for forest height (FH), −0.3% for road network (RN), −0.1% for land use (LU) and −0.1% for soil depth (SD). Overall, TQ values decreased by -8.4%. The change ratios for ET were measured: −2.0% for GWU, +10.5% for FH, +5.6% for RN, −1.8% for LU and +0.3% for SD. Overall, the ET values increased by +14.7%. In addition, based on all water loss DBs, the SDI was evaluated for all watersheds, which intensified recently (2006–2015). Under weather DB conditions, the average SDI was measured as 2.0 for all watersheds. Stream drying processes remained limited, requiring only monitoring. Given baseline conditions, stream drying intensified to grades of 3.1 (1976–1985), 3.2 (1986–1995), 3.3 (1996–2005) and 3.5 (2006–2015) by all water loss DBs.
Changes in the Content of Heavy Metals in Bílina River during 2012–2017: Effects of Flood and Industrial Inputs
Authors: Čmelík Jiří , Brovdyová Taťjána , Trögl Josef , Neruda Martin , Kadlečík Matěj , Pacina Jan , Popelka Jan , Sirotkin Alexander S.
Published: March 2019

This article presents the development of selected heavy metals contained in river sediments at selected sites along the Bílina River. It describes the situation before the large flood in 2013, the situation just after that flood, the situation approximately 1 year after the flood, and 4 years after the flood. The contents of selected heavy metals from industrial pollution originating from transport and industry located along the river flow were monitored. Since the situation in the river before the flood was also known, it was possible to assess the impact of the 2013 flood on the distribution of heavy metals in the settled sediments. The results obtained show that the heavy metal content has changed significantly. During the flood in 2013 there was an increase in the concentration of almost all the monitored elements compared to the situation before the flood and one year after the flood. This could be caused by the churning of sediments as a result of the flood. The only exception was Cd, the concentration of which did not change significantly. However, Cd is present in the sediment samples at a low concentration at the limit of quantification (LOQ), so the change may not be noticeable. In 2017, four years after the flood, an increase in the concentration of all the monitored elements was found. The highest increase in the content of the monitored elements was observed at the sites with the highest industrial pollution. Following the flood in 2014, there was a situation where no significant differences were observed in the content of metals at the individual sampling points in contrast to the values obtained in 2012, 2013, and 2017. As a result of sediment churning and re-settlement during and after the flood, the sediment became homogenized along the entire river flow. After a longer period of time that was not accompanied by floods, a significant increase in the heavy metal concentration was observed due to anthropogenic pollution. The results show that the effect of flooding is only temporal and that anthropogenic pollution is more important than the impact of floods.
Evaluation of Water Uptake and Root Distribution of Cherry Trees under Different Irrigation Methods
Authors: Li Pingfeng , Tan Huang , Wang Jiahang , Cao Xiaoqing , Yang Peiling
Published: March 2019

Although water-saving measures are increasingly being adopted in orchards, little is known about how different irrigation methods enhance water use efficiency at the root system level. To study the allocation of water sources of water absorption by cherry roots under two irrigation methods, surface irrigation and drip irrigation, oxygen isotope tracing and root excavation were used in this study. We found that different irrigation methods have different effects on the average δ18O content of soil water in the soil profile. The IsoSource model was applied to calculate the contribution rate of water absorption by cherry roots under these irrigation methods. During the drought period in spring (also a key period of water consumption for cherry trees), irrigation water was the main source of water absorbed by cherry roots. In summer, cherry roots exhibited a wide range of water absorption sources. In this case, relative to the surface irrigation mode, the drip irrigation mode demonstrated higher irrigation water use efficiency. After two years of the above experiment, root excavation was used to analyze the effects of these irrigation methods on the distribution pattern of roots. We found that root distribution is mainly affected by soil depth. The root system indexes in 10–30 cm soil layer differ significantly from those in other soil layers. Drip irrigation increased the root length density (RLD) and root surface area (RSA) in the shallow soil. There was no significant difference in root biomass density (RBD) and root volume ratio (RVR) between the two irrigation treatments. The effects of these irrigation methods on the 2D distribution of cherry RBD, RLD, RSA and RVR, which indicated that the cherry roots were mainly concentrated in the horizontal depths of 20 to 100 cm, which was related to the irrigation wet zone. In the current experiment, more than 85% of cherry roots were distributed in the space with horizontal radius of 0 to 100 cm and vertical depth of 0 to 80 cm; above 95% of cherry roots were distributed in the space with the horizontal radius of 0 to 150 cm and the vertical depth of 0 to 80 cm. Compared with surface irrigation, drip irrigation makes RLD and RSA more concentrated in the horizontal range of 30–100 cm and vertical range of 0–70 cm.
Development of a Novel Climate Adaptation Algorithm for Climate Risk Assessment
Authors: Tung Ching-Pin , Tsao Jung-Hsuan , Tien Yu-Chuan , Lin Chung-Yi , Jhong Bing-Chen
Published: March 2019

To comprehensively assess the climate risk originating from climate change, this study aims at developing a novel climate adaptation algorithm, representing not only on the basis of Climate Change Adaptation Six Steps (CCA6Steps), but also innovations in climate risk template. The climate risk template is proposed as a climate risk analysis tool based on the procedure of CCA6Steps, including the identification of problems and objectives, the analysis of current and future risks, and the assessment of adaptation options, to identify the relationship between the climate risk components, including hazard, exposure, and vulnerability. An application is implemented to demonstrate the advantages of the proposed algorithm in this study. The results show that the problems and objectives which concern the governance level and stakeholders can be clearly identified by the proposed algorithm. The relationship between climate-related hazards, exposure, and vulnerability of the protected target can also be precisely investigated. Furthermore, the climate adaptation strategies able to mitigate the impact of hazards on the protected target are further discussed in this study. In summary, the proposed climate adaptation algorithm is expected to provide a standard operating procedure and be a useful tool to support climate risk assessment.
miR-374a Inhibitor Enhances Etoposide-Induced Cytotoxicity Against Glioma Cells Through Upregulation of FOXO1
Authors: Ni Wei , Luo Lin , Zuo Ping , Li Renping , Xu Xiaobing , Wen Fan , Hu Dong
Published: March 2019

Glioma is a commonly diagnosed brain tumor that shows high mortality rate. Despite the great advancement of cancer therapy in recent years, chemotherapy is still an important approach for treatment of glioma. However, long-term chemotherapy usually causes serious side effects or complications.
It is desirable to take strategies to enhance the efficacy of current chemotherapy. In the present study, we observed obvious upregulation of miR-374a in glioma cells. More importantly, we found that knockdown of miR-374a was able to enhance the etoposide-induced cytotoxicity against glioma
cells. Mechanically, we demonstrated that FOXO1 was the target of miR-374a in glioma. Treatment with miR-374a inhibitor induced overexpression of FOXO1, and thus promoted the expression of Bim and Noxa. Since Bim and Noxa act as key proapoptotic proteins in mitochondrial apoptosis, miR-374a
inhibitor was able to enhance the etoposide-induced apoptosis pathway in glioma.
ERROR ESTIMATOR FOR ACOUSTIC PROBLEMS/AKUSTIKOS UŽDAVINIŲ PAKLAIDŲ ĮVERTINIMAS
Authors: Baušys Romualdas
Published: March 2019

Straipsnyje pateikiamas originalus metodas, skirtas akustikos uždavinių diskretizacijos paklaidoms nustatyti. Diskretizacijos paklaidos randamos poprocesoriniu superkonvergenciniu lopinio atkūrimo būdu. Darbe pateikta superkonvergencinio lopinio atkūrimo metodo versija, pritaikyta tiesioginiams aproksimacijos kintamiesiams (slėgiams). Pradžioje šis būdas buvo taikytas siekiant įvertinti laisvųjų svyravimų uždavinių diskretizacijos paklaidas. Darbe superkonvergencinis lopinio atkūrimo metodas pritaikytas kompleksinių skaičių sričiai. Šioje procedūroje taikytas sumažintas baigtinių elementų lopinys, kurio dydis yra 2h, kur h yra Charakteringas baigtinio elemento dydis. Tai leidžia lokalizuoti sritį, kurioje atliekamas atkūrimas mažiausių kvadratų metodu, ir kartu padidinti atkurto slėgio lauko tikslumą bei sumažinti skaičiavimo sąnaudas. Tiktai kraštiniams lopiniams, kuriuose yra nepakankamas elementų skaičius, taikomas tradicinis lopinys. Pasiūlytas metodas yra lokalus, globali algebrinių lygčių sistema nėra sprendžiama. Atlikti skaitiniai eksperimentai atskleidė pasiūlyto metodo patikimumą, nes gautas aukštesnės tikslumo klasės sprendinys turi superkonvergencines savybes. Taikant pasiūlytą metodą, gaunamas patikimas paklaidų įvertinimas tiek asimptotinėje, tiek priešasimptotinėje srityse. Gauti rezultatai atveria galimybes rasti kokybiškai įvertintus akustikos uždavinių sprendinius.
INVESTIGATIONS OF LOW-CEMENT CASTABLES WITH SHAMOTTE AGGREGATE/MAŽACEMENČIO KAITRAI ATSPARAUS BETONO SU ŠAMOTO UŽPILDU TYRIMAI
Authors: Goberis Stasys , Merlinskaja Liutauras , Pundienė Ina
Published: March 2019

The castables with low-cement and normal quantity cement in its composition physical and mechanical properties was investigated. Aggregates of recycled shamotte waste, which are characterised by high water absorption, were used for castables.

The results of influence of firing temperature on density and cold crushing strength for three series castables were determined (Fig 1 and 2). Thermal shock resistance, bending strength and deformations of the castables were investigated additionally (Table 2 and Fig 4).

The results of investigations showed the advantage of low-cement castables: better thermal shock resistance, higher cold crushing and bending strength after firing at high temperature.

The properties of developed low-cement and traditional castables produced with schamotte waste aggregates were compared with the data from German, Danish and Polish castables, a special quality shamotte aggregate was used (Table 1).

Low-cement castable based on shamotte waste aggregates were developed and used for producing “Ipsen” furnace lining items.
INFLUENCE OF CLAYEY SOIL STRUCTURE ON ITS MODULUS OF STIFFNESS
Authors: Alikonis Antanas
Published: March 2019

Disturbance of soil structure influences its density, strength and deformation properties. Among other cases soil structure could be disturbed by compacting it. It is possible to increase deformation properties of sand or gravel by compacting them. However, for clay soils deformation properties may increase if they are compacted. Differences of settlements of a building depends on the different deformation properties of the artificially placed and compacted soils beneath the foundations. Different values of stiffness modulus are used for the structural design of the buildings which are constructed on the soils with different compressibility.

Coefficient of changeability of soil compression (1) was used. It may be calculated as a ratio of maximum and minimum values of deformation modulus, or according to the maximum and minimum values of coefficient of relative compressibility (3). Coefficient of the relative compressibility of soil can be calculated depending on the maximum and minimum values of tip resistence from CPT test (5).

According to the coefficient of the relative compressibility we could estimate whether the soil is uniform, nonuniform or extremely non-uniform. It is important for the design of civil engineering structures.

Mechanical properties of soils may be back-calculated using theoretical values of settlements and loads. Most frequently within the building layout area soils are natural and artificially compacted.

For a compacted soil it is possible to draw compression curve in semi-logarithmic scale using compression curve of the same natural soil and the void ratio of the artificially placed and compacted soil. Thus we can determine compressibility of the soil with disturbed or undisturbed structure. Using parameters of soil compressibility, we can determine the coefficient of the relative compressibility, maximum and minimum values of settlement and modulus of stiffness.
PROFESSOR ALGIRDAS ČIŽAS AS FAMOUS SCIENTIST AND EDUCATOR/PROFESORIUS ALGIRDAS ČIŽAS - ŽYMUS MOKSLININKAS IR PEDAGOGAS
Authors: Atkočiūnas Juozas
Published: March 2019

Algirdas Eduardas ČIžas is Professor of the Department of Strength of Materials, Director of the Lithuanian Centre for Quality Assessment in Higher Education.

Prof A. Čižas was born on September 16, 1929 in a picturesque Lithuanian locality, Anykščiai. In 1952 he graduated from Kaunas Polytechnic Institute (Faculty of Civil Engineering). In 1953–57 editor and head of the Division of Technical Literature in a publishing house in Vilnius, in 1959–64 editor of Lithuanian encyclopedias. In 1967 a Doctoral student, then teacher, Associated Professor, since 1977 full Professor at the Vilnius Civil Engineering Institute (later Vilnius Technical University). In 1980–87 Dean of Civil Engineering Faculty, since 1995 Director of the Centre for Quality. More than 100 scientific publications on higher education problems and structural mechanics, optimisation methods. A. Čižas has introduced restrictions of stiffness, influence of a cross-sectional shape and a strain-hardening factor into optimisation theory of structural mechanics. The first paper “Application of mathematical programming methods for analysis of elastic-plastic structures with restricted deformation” (in Russian) was published in “Statybine mechanika” (Structural mechanics) issued by the Kaunas Polytechnic Institute in 1966. A. Čižas reported his research results at international conferences in Russia, Poland, Italy, United Kingdom, USA, etc.

More than 25 years of publishing “Lithuanian Proceedings in Mechanics” (“Lietuvos mechanikos rinkinys)” (1968–94) are related to the development of Lithuanian research in mechanics. During the whole period A. Čižas was a managing editor of the journal. All the papers in volumes 1–32 of the LPM were published in Russian with Lithuanian and English summaries. After integration of the journals, results of research on mechanics are published in “Mechanika” (Mechanics) and “Statyba” (Civil Engineering). A. Čižas is a member of editorial boards of both journals, an author of the textbook “Strength of Materials. Mechanics of Structural Members” (1993, in Lithuanian), a co-author of the textbook “Problems on Strength of Materials with Comments” (1985). He has translated (from Russian into Lithuanian) more than ten books.

Prof A. Čižas is a coordinator of drafting several legislative acts for higher education. Member of the Seimas of Sqjūdis (1988–90), member of the Lithuanian State Language Committee at the Seimas of the Republic of Lithuania, expert of Science Council of Lithuania.
ANALYSIS OF EXPERIMENT AND CALCULATION OF THE THREADED JOINTS UNDER TENSION AND CYCLIC BENDING/TEMPIAMŲ IR CIKLIŠKAI LENKIAMŲ SRIEGINŲ JUNGČIŲ BANDYMŲ IR SKAIČIAVIMŲ ANALIZĖ
Authors: Krenevičius Algimantas , Stupak Marijonas
Published: March 2019

The effect of individual elements of the system “bolt-nut” under tension and bending on the cyclic strength is a complicated and insufficiently clear subject. The data presented in the works of the laboratories of strength mechanics and those of the present authors have been obtained when the ratio of bending and tension stress caused by eccentrically applied tension force was from 0 to 1.5. If stresses caused by bending account for 0.25 σ y of tension stresses, the strength to low-cycle fatigue somewhat increases. When σ m = 1.5σ n , the decrease in longevity is observed. The results obtained, however, differ insignificantly from the longevity of threaded joints under cyclic tension as long as bending stresses do not exceed 0.5. σ y . A comprehensive experimental study of these problems and the analysis are presented in the works of the present authors.

One of the main factors determining the cyclic strength of the system “bolt-nut” is the distribution of internal resultants.

The distribution of internal resultants after the threaded joint has been tightened up to σ t = 0.6σ y corresponds to the general rule which is characteristic of joints under tension. During the first stress cycle due to bending deformations in the cavity of turns of the threads also correspond to the general rule of internal resultant distribution of joints under tension in the layers under tension. In layers under compression, the general effect of tightening and the nut distort the generally accepted laws.

The analysis of the formation of the crack and its propagation showed there can be either a single or double crack. When the crack reaches the critical size, the remaining part fractures mostly on account of the deformation energy which was accumulated when stretching the stud, whereas the cyclic propagation of the crack takes place due to bending deformations.

Under fluctuating loads threaded joints loosen. Therefore tightness of a vessel subject to high pressure may be lost or the maintenance regime of some device may be disturbed. Due to crushing of contacting surfaces of transmission parts and the thread, spontaneous turn of the nut, plastic deformations in the thread and transmission parts, tightening of the bolt and tightness of transmissions parts may decrease. Studs of demountable joints of energy devices are calculated in accordance with the norms of the Russian Federation and the ASME code. The calculation methods coincide in essence, they are based on similar marginal states. Nevertheless, there exist some differences. The article gives a comparison of some calculating rules for low cycle fracture resistance of the threaded joints.
NON-LINEAR DEFORMATION AND STABILITY OF REINFORCED CONCRETE COLUMN UNDER THE LONG-TIME LOAD/GELŽBETONINĖS KOLONOS NETIESINĖS DEFORMACIJOS IR PASTOVUMAS VEIKIANT ILGALAIKEI APKROVAI
Authors: Cypinas Igoris
Published: March 2019

Ankstesnėje autoriaus publikacijoje [19] paskelbtas geometriškai netiesinės gelžbetoninės konstrukcijos valkšnumo skaičiavimo skaitmeninis metodas įvertinant tempiamos betono zonos pleišėtumą laikant, kad gniuždomas betonas neišeina iš tiesinio valkšnumo ribų. Šiame straipsnyje vertinamas gniuždomo betono netiesinis valkšnumas. Taikomas sluoksniuotasis skerspjūvio modelis.

Panaudotos netiesinio valkšnumo pareinamybės, kurios pateiktos Maskvos NIIŽB parengtose rekomendacijose betono valkšnumui ir susitraukimui apskaičiuoti [11]. Atsisakoma nuo valkšnumo kreivių panašumo hipotezės nepriklausomai nuo įtempimų lygio. Supleisėjusio tempiamo betono ir armatūros sąveika modeliuojama taikant išsklidusio plyšio sąvoką kai pagal (3.3) formulę sumuojamos tarp plyšių esančio betono deformacijos ir suvidurkintas plyšio atsivėrimo plotis.

Konstrukcijos deformuotasis būvis modeliuojamas geometriškai ir fiziškai netiesiniais strypiniais baigtiniais elementais. Sistemos deformacijų lygtys (4.2) sprendžiamos diskretiniais laiko prieaugiais, randant deformacijų trajektoriją jungtinėje laiko ir poslinkių erdvėje. Pastovumo klausimas sprendžiamas varijuojant apkrovos dydį ir nustatant konstrukcijos egzistavimo kritinį laiko momentą, kai sistemos kitimo pobūdis tampa singuliarus. Taikomas autoriaus sukurtas netiesinis baigtinis elementas ir autoriaus sudaryta netiesinių lygčių sprendimo programa.
TOWARDS THE INTEGRATION OF PROBABILISTIC RISK ANALYSIS WITH STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS/TIKIMYBINĖS RIZIKOS ANALIZĖS IR KONSTRUKCIJŲ ANALIZĖS INTEGRAVIMO KLAUSIMU
Authors: Vaidogas Egidijus R.
Published: March 2019

Nagrinėjamas tikimybinės rizikos analizės (TRA) ir tikimybinės konstrucijų analizės (TKA) integravimas. Logine grandimi, susiejančia TRA su TKA, laikomos apkrovos, kurios veikia konstrukcines sistemas avarijų, galinčių įvykti pramoniniuose objektuose, metu. Siūloma bendrąjų TRA problemą. dalyti į dvi: (1) tikimybinio avarinių apkrovų modelio parinkimą derinant TRA metodus su teoriniu avarinių procesų modeliavimu bei (2) konstrucijų avarijų tikimybių vertinimą TKA metodais, kartu naudojant anksčiau parinktus avarinių apkrovų modelius.

Tikimybinis rizikos vertinimas straipsnyje aptariamas remiantis įvykių medžio analize. Nagrinėjamos įvykių medžio šakos, kurios apima avarinių apkrovų pridėjimą ir jų nulemtą. konstrucijų suirimą ar pažeidimą. Nustatyta, kad tradicinės kiekybinės įvykių medžio analizės priemonės gali būti nepakankamos, vertinant konstrukcijų avarijų dažnius net ir tada, kai Šios priemonės yra derinamos su klasikiniais TKA metodais. Tai lemia didelis fizinių procesų, modeliuojamų įvykių medžio šaka, neapibrėžtumas. TRA ir TKA derinimo problema yra ta, kad iš anksto nežinoma, kokio intensyvumo avarinės apkrovos pasireikš konkretaus scenarijaus avarijos eigoje.

Kaip tikimybiniai apkrovų modeliai TRA uždaviniuose paprastai yra naudojamos rizikos funkcijos (angl. hazard functions). Pasiūlyta, kaip parinkti rizikos funkcijų šeimą apkrovai, kurios pridėjimą lemia keletas fizinių procesų (įvykių), sukeliančių šią apkrovą. Ši rizikos funkcijų šeima išreiškia stochastinį ir pažintinį (angl. state-of-knowledge) neapibrėžtumą avarinės apkrovos intensyvumo atžvilgiu. Parodyta, kaip panaudoti pasirinktąją rizikos funkcijų šeimą vertinant konstrukcijų avarijos dažnį ir kaip pateikti tokio vertinimo rezultatus.

Išnagrinėti trys pavyzdžiai apie avarijas pramoniniuose objektuose ir su jomis susijusias apkrovas. Daugiausia dėmesio skirta apkrovoms, kylančioms avarinių sprogimų metu.
STRENGTH ANALYSIS OF AN OBLIQUE SECTION ACCORDING TO ELASTIC-PLASTIC CHARACTERISTICS/ĮSTRIŽO PJŪVIO STIPRUMO APSKAIČIAVIMAS ĮVERTINANT TAMPRIĄSIAS IR PLASTINES MEDŽIAGOS DEFORMACIJAS
Authors: Svetlauskas Vytautas A.
Published: March 2019

The equilibrium of a reinforced concrete members part limited by one oblique and two vertical sections and exposed to shear forces is under consideration. Three equilibrium equations system of the forces of this reinforced concrete part and the condition of its failure are given. The assumptions and the possibility of solution of this system are considered. The analysis of the values of oblique section forces is presented. The position of a permanent dangerous oblique section and the height of compression concrete layer on its peak, ie the position of weakest design oblique section, is discussed. The bearing capacity of an oblique section is analysed. The recommendations presented are universal. If oblique forces can be neglected, the formulae can be used for structural analysis of normal section in a pure bending zone.
THE RULING PRINCIPLES OF PRESSED CONCRETE MIX COMPACTION PROCESS AND PROPERTIES/PRESUOJAMO BETONO MIŠINIO SAVYBIŲ IR TANKINIMO PROCESO DERINIMO PRINCIPAI
Authors: Deltuva Juozas , Rudžionis Žymantas
Published: March 2019

The pressed products technology allows to automate production, to manufacture construction elements for finishing and grinding with precise dimensions, high strength, plain surface. But there are many unsolved problems in pressed products technology. The main of them are connected with the dependence of pressing pressure on concrete mix compaction level and its properties.

The article deals with the mathematical description of pressed concrete mix properties when using concrete mix structural characteristics. The possibility was found to forecast pressed concrete mix needful pressure weight, density of product or relative deformation.
THE DEVELOPMENT OF METHODS FOR RAPID PREDICTION OF FROST RESISTANCE OF CERAMIC PRODUCTS/KERAMINIŲ GAMINIŲ ATSPARUMO ŠALČIUI SPARČIŲJŲ PROGNOZAVIMO METODŲ RAIDA
Authors: Kičaitė Asta
Published: March 2019

One of important parameters determining the quality of ceramic products is the resistance to frost. Frost resistance of ceramic brick can be determined exactly by direct unilateral freezing methods. Investigations by these methods last from some days to several months. Therefore rapid prediction methods become more important.

Rapid methods for predicting frost resistance of ceramic products give more detailed data if chosen properties of materials that reflect better destructive action of water during freezing in a ceramic body are more exact.

Nowadays the methods for rapid prediction are divided according to the quantity of parameters used for prediction and according to the established characteristics. The prediction of frost resistance of ceramic products can be carried out using a parameter or some parameters. The prediction methods using some parameters are divided into three groups:

the prediction of frost resistance of ceramic products according to the size of pores and their distribution;

the prediction for frost resistance of ceramic products according to physical, mechanical and structural properties;

the prediction for frost resistance of ceramic products according to structural and deformation properties.

The analysis leads to the following conclusions:

- for prediction of frost resistance of ceramic products during the service life, it is necessary to use methods based on unilateral freezing;

- rapid methods of prediction based on usage of more parameters are much more reliable and better correspond to frost resistance of ceramic products;

- rapid methods of prediction allow to determine quickly frost resistance and to stop the delivery of poor products to construction sites;

- dilatometric methods are more comfortable and therefore more prospective.
ESTIMATION OF STRENGTH OF GLULAM BEAMS DEPENDING ON DEFECTS OF LAYERS/MEDINIŲ KLIJUOTŲ LENKIAMŲJŲ ELEMENTŲ STIPRUMO VERTINIMAS PAGAL SLUOKSNIŲ DEFEKTUS
Authors: Baltrušaitis Algirdas
Published: March 2019

Timber, as structural material, has various defects, especially knots. They influence the strength of timber members. The influence of knots is lower for glulam members when comparing with solid wood. The article is the theoretical and experimental investigation of influence of knots on the strength of glulam beams. Theoretical investigation deals with probability of coinciding of knots in the same cross-section of member. The factors of influence of knots on glulam beam strength are the results of theoretical investigations.

The short-term tests on 12 model beams with measurements 2140×120×152(h) mm were carried out in a testing machine. Results of these tests are in line with the conclusions of theoretical investigations and show the higher strength of glulam beams when comparing with solid members of the same quality.

The long-term tests were carried out on model beams when temperature and moisture were cyclically changed. Wetting cycle—14 days long, drying cycle—7 days. Two series, 12 model beams each, were tested. The moisture of outer layer 20 mm depth changed from 6–8% to 20–22%, while the moisture in the rest area changed from 9% to 13%. The load of the first group of beams was 40% of short-term strength, and duration of tests 147 days. For the second group the normal stresses were σ = 18.2 MPa for each beam, and the duration of tests—210 days. Deflection of beams was observed and moments of beams rupture were registered. The relationships between long-term strength and logarithm of time to failure for two types of model beams were the results of long-term tests. Long-term tests show the dependence upon the size of knots and long-term strength of glulam beams.
METHODOLOGY OF THE PRIMARY DATA RECONSTRUCTION OF SINGLE PIPE HEATING SYSTEMS/VIENVAMZDŽIŲ ŠILDYMO SISTEMŲ PIRMINIŲ DUOMENŲ NUSTATYMO METODIKA
Authors: Tuomas Edvardas , Neverbickas Saulius
Published: March 2019

The majority of dwellings in Lithuania are situated in blocks of flats. The dwellings were built after World War II and they are heated by single pipe central heating systems, connected to district heating. The dwellers are not quite satisfied with such a heating system and try to improve it, but do that in a wrong way, by increasing the surface of radiators. Such means lead to violation of thermal regime and comfort conditions for other dwellers. There exists sometimes the necessity of reconstructing premises and together—the heating system. During the reconstruction the primary heat fluxes from radiators should be known, but very often such data are lost and only the size of radiators (number of sections) are known. To reconstruct the required primary data for single pipe systems is complicated because the temperatures of inlet and outlet water for radiators are unknown. In this article the methodology is proposed how to perform the calculations leading to the required data. The aim of calculations is the establishment of heat fluxes from each radiator connected to the riser. Heat flux from radiator can be calculated according the formula (1) but the complex coefficient is unknown. It could be found from formulae (2) but some magnitudes are unknown.

According to the proposed methodology the values of unknown magnitudes are taken approximately and calculations are performed with iterations. In such a way the flow rate of water in riser is established from formula (3), which is the same for each radiator (the property of single pipe system). From formulas (3) and (4) an equation is produced (5), and is used for calculations of unknown temperatures. The equation (6) is used for calculation of heat fluxes from radiators. To carry out the above-mentioned calculations without computer practically is impossible due to many cycles of iteration. The programme was prepared to make easy all these calculations. The scheme of algorithm of programme is given in Fig 1. An example of calculation is given in this article. Calculations were fulfilled by newly created programme. The riser chosen for calculation is shown in Fig 2. The results of calculation are given in Table 1. The table shows that according to the proposed methodology the programme based on it can be used for reconstruction of primary data of single pipe heating systems successfully.
MULTISURFACE PLASTICITY MODELS UNDER YIELDING CONDITIONS/MULTISURFACE-PLASTIZITÄTS-MODELLE MIT ZUSAMMENGESETZTEN FLIESSBEDINGUNGEN
Authors: Hintze Dagmar , Will Johannes
Published: March 2019

An implicit integration algorithm for arbitrary multi- surface plasticity is presented. This perfectly-plastic model uses isotrop and anisotrop Mohr-Coulomb criteria with tension-cutoff and associated or non-associated flow rules. So materials with anisotropic deformation and strength behaviour like intact rock with sets of joints can be described. With an extended Drucker-Prager-criterion for the isotrop material matrix this model can be used as well for modelling other materials such as masonry or concrete. Problems resulting from arbitrary multisurface yield criteria are discussed. Consistent numerical algorithms for robust numerical solutions are presented.

The Multisurface plasticity model was implemented in a finite-element-program. The example of calculation of a dam on jointed rock mass shows the applicability and new possibilities for the description of anisotropic materials.
FIRE TESTING OF THE BUILDING FACADE INSULATED WITH FOAM POLYSTYRENE/PUTŲ POLISTIRENU APŠILTINTŲ FASADO FRAGMENTŲ GAISRINIAI BANDYMAI
Authors: Nyderis Albertas , Mačiulaitis Romualdas
Published: March 2019

In the past decade, construction business applied various heat insulating materials comprising a spectrum of properties according to their combustibility. Particular attention was paid to insulation materials related to fire hazards.

The normative fire safety documents started to be drawn up in this country at the time when the process of building insulation had not been initiated yet. Therefore, there still exists a great need for assessing the fire hazards of building insulation systems.

With the use of the experience of other countries new testing equipment for insulating building facade with foam polystyrene has been recently established. The equipment is loaded with a 2.4×2.0 meter wall fragment and 800×700 mm plate of electrical thermal radiation flow, as well as a gas burner and a device for taking the temperature. The theoretical bottom-line of these testing methods lies in the heat exchange between two parallel walls, one of which is much hotter. The calculation of the thermal radiation flow is presented in formula 1 and the theoretical basis is indicated in formulae 2–10. Formula 11 indicates the rates of the flame heat radiation flows. Formula 12 shows special testing conditions.

In the course of testing the insulation systems, the geometrical quantities of violation zones of foam polystyrene have been determined, they have exceeded the calculations of the flow radiation plate of active heat several times. A strong functional relation between the thickness of foam polystyrene and the rates of violation zones (r xy =0.694) and a weak functional relation between the thickness of plaster and the rates of violation zones (r xy = −0.580) have also been defined. Formulas 13 and 14 describe the relations between the surface areas of the destruction, the thickness of the foam polystyrene and the thickness of the plaster.

By taking the temperatures in the vertical axis of the geometrical centre of the wall fragment, it was determined that in the course of testing the temperatures become dangerous in relation to the combustibles (about 250°C).

The tests indicate that favourable and stable testing conditions established. It is expedient to continue the tests with other types of building facade materials.
One hundred and three new species of Trigonopterus weevils from Sulawesi
Authors: Riedel Alexander , Narakusumo Raden Pramesa
Published: March 2019

The genus Trigonopterus Fauvel, 1862 is highly diverse in Melanesia, the Moluccas, and the Sunda Islands. Only one species, Trigonopterusfulvicornis (Pascoe, 1885) was so far recorded from Sulawesi. Based on focused field-work the fauna from Sulawesi and nearby islands is here revised. We redescribe T.allotopus Riedel newly recorded for Sulawesi and describe an additional 103 new species: T.abnormissp. n., T.adspersussp. n., T.ambangensissp. n., T.ampanensissp. n., T.analissp. n., T.arachnobassp. n., T.armipessp. n., T.artemissp. n., T.asterixsp. n., T.barbipessp. n., T.bonthainensissp. n., T.carinirostrissp. n., T.castaneipennissp. n., T.celebensissp. n., T.cirripessp. n., T.collarissp. n., T.costatulussp. n., T.curvipessp. n., T.crenulatussp. n., T.crickisp. n., T.darwinisp. n., T.ejaculatoriussp. n., T.fuscipessp. n., T.gracilipessp. n., T.hebertisp. n., T.hirsutussp. n., T.humilissp. n., T.hypocritasp. n., T.idefixsp. n., T.impressicollissp. n., T.incendiumsp. n., T.incognitussp. n., T.indigenussp. n., T.inhonestussp. n., T.invalidussp. n., T.jasminaesp. n., T.klabatensissp. n., T.kolakensissp. n., T.kotamobagensissp. n., T.laevigatussp. n., T.lamprossp. n., T.latipennissp. n., T.lompobattangensissp. n., T.luwukensissp. n., T.mahawuensissp. n., T.manadensissp. n., T.mangkutanensissp. n., T.matalibaruensissp. n., T.mesaisp. n., T.minahassaesp. n., T.moatensissp. n., T.modoindingensissp. n., T.nanussp. n., T.nitidulussp. n., T.obelixsp. n., T.ovalipunctatussp. n., T.ovatulussp. n., T.pagaranganensissp. n., T.palopensissp. n., T.paracollarissp. n., T.paupersp. n., T.pendolensissp. n., T.posoensissp. n., T.prismaesp. n., T.procurtussp. n., T.pseudallotopussp. n., T.pseudanalis, sp. n., T.pseudovatulussp. n., T.pseudovalipunctatussp. n., T.pseudofulvicornissp. n., T.pseudomanadensissp. n., T.pseudosimulanssp. n., T.pumilussp. n., T.rantepaosp. n., T.reticulatussp. n., T.rhombiformissp. n., T.rotundatussp. n., T.rotundulussp. n., T.rudissp. n., T.rufipessp. n., T.sampunensissp. n., T.sampuragensissp. n., T.satyrussp. n., T.scabripessp. n., T.scaphiformissp. n., T.scitulussp. n., T.selayarensissp. n., T.serripessp. n., T.seticnemissp. n., T.silvicolasp. n., T.squalidulussp. n., T.sulawesiensissp. n., T.suturatussp. n., T.tatorensissp. n., T.tenuipessp. n., T.tomohonensissp. n., T.torajasp. n., T.vicinussp. n., T.viduussp. n., T.volcanorumsp. n., T.wangiwangiensissp. n., T.watsonisp. n., and T.yodasp. n. All new species are authored by the taxonomist-in-charge, Alexander Riedel.
Celostni pristop k preučevanju kvartarnih eolskih kalkarenitov za poznavanje pretekle spremenljivosti podnebja // A combined approach to the study of Quaternary aeolian calcarenites for understanding the palaeoclimate
Authors: Lipar Matej
Published: March 2019

Članek obravnava teoretski pogled na preučevanje kvartarnih eolskih kalkarenitov in njegov pomen za poznavanje pretekle spremenljivosti podnebja. Znanje o preteklem podnebju je glavni temelj za modeliranje in napovedovanje prihodnjih podnebnih sprememb, zato je pomembno, da je na regionalni in globalni ravni čim bolj kvalitetno ter zanesljivo. Osredotočanje zgolj na en pokazatelj podnebja pomeni tveganje pri interpretaciji, saj se ta neposredno ne navezuje na ostale naravne pokazatelje v isti regiji ali pa ponuja zgolj omejen časovni okvir preteklega podnebja. Celostni pristop raziskovanja podnebnih pokazateljev eolskih kalkarenitov ponuja časovno neprekinjeno informacijo podatkov, ki s kombinacijo različnih metod poveča zanesljivost in kvaliteto znanja o pretekli spremenljivosti podnebja. The paper deals with a theoretical view point of studying Quaternary aeolian calcarenites and its importance for knowledge of the past climate. Understanding palaeoclimate is fundamental for climate modelling and predicting future climatic changes, thus it needs to be complete, of a good quality and reliable on regional and global scales. Focussing only on one palaeoclimatic indicator brings risk with interpreting due to the lack of connective processes of the same region, or it is limited only to one limited time-frame. A combined approach to the study of palaeoclimatic indicators of aeolian calcarenites offers continual information of past climate, which, in combination with several methods, improves reliability and quality of the knowledge of the past climate.
Primerjalna analiza modelov pokrovnosti in rabe zemljišč v izbranih državah // Comparative analysis of land cover and land use models in selected countries
Authors: Foški Mojca , Đurić Nataša , Tič Katja , Triglav Čekada Mihaela
Published: March 2019

V prispevku so predstavljeni modeli pokrovnosti in rabe zemljišč v Avstriji, Nemčiji, na Nizozemskem in v Veliki Britaniji ter aktivnosti v okviru evropskih projektov EAGLE, HELM in LUCAS. Posamezne države so modele pokrovnosti in rabe zemljišč vzpostavile glede na svoje potrebe ter jih različno uskladile z mednarodnimi prostorskimi podatki. Za vzpostavitev državne baze podatkov o pokrovnosti in rabi zemljišč lahko uporabimo tudi podatke o rabi kmetijskih in gozdnih zemljišč, vzpostavljene za namen izvajanja evropske kmetijske politike. V Sloveniji se podatki o pokrovnosti, ki jih je vzpostavil Statistični urad Republike Slovenije, ne vzdržujejo več. Podatki kmetijskega ministrstva, ki se vzdržujejo, pa ne pokrivajo z enako podrobnostjo vseh rab. V prispevku predstavljena primerjalna analiza modelov nam lahko služi kot razmislek ter izhodišče k vzpostavitvi modela pokrovnosti in rabe zemljišč tudi v Sloveniji. This paper presents land cover and land use models in Austria, Germany, The Netherlands, and Great Britain and the activities under the European projects EAGLE, HELM and LUCAS. These models have been set up for, and depending on, national requirements and also depending on international spatial data harmonisation. The data on land use of agricultural and forest land, set up for the purpose of implementing the Common (European) Agricultural Policy, are also applicable for setting up the national database on land cover and land use. In Slovenia, the land cover data set up by the Statistical Office of the Republic of Slovenia are no longer updated, while the data by the ministry responsible for agriculture do not cover all land uses with the same level of detail. The comparative analysis of the models can serve as a reflection and starting point for the establishment of a land cover and land use model in Slovenia as well.
Dostopnost do javnega potniškega prometa kot pogoj za socialno vključenost dijakov // Accessibility to public transport as a condition for schoolchildren’s social inclusion
Authors: Gabrovec Matej , Razpotnik Visković Nika
Published: March 2019

Na območju Ljubljanske urbane regije smo analizirali, kakšen delež dijakov ima ustrezen dostop do javnega potniškega prometa. Izračuni so bili narejeni na ravni posameznih stavb oziroma hišnih številk. Med posameznimi občinami so občutne razlike, na nekaterih hribovitih območjih obstaja tveganje socialne izključenosti mladostnikov zaradi prostorske nedostopnosti. This study analyzes the share of secondary-school children with appropriate accessibility to public transport in the Ljubljana urban region. Calculations were made at the level of individual buildings. There are noticeable differences between the individual municipalities in the region, and in some hilly areas young people face the risk of social exclusion due to spatial inaccessibility.
Velika in mala začetnica ter drugi problemi zapisovanja slovenskih zemljepisnih imen // Capitalization and other issues in writing Slovenian geographical names
Authors: Kladnik Drago , Perko Drago
Published: March 2019

Tokratno, drugo razpravo o bolj zapletenih vidikih in primerih rabe slovenskih zemljepisnih imen namenjamo predvsem rabi velike in male začetnice v večbesednih slovenskih zemljepisnih imenih, slovenjenju večbesednih tujih zemljepisnih imen, večbesednim imenom delov naselij (mest in vasi) ter rabi velike in male začetnice pri vzdevkih oziroma nadomestnih imenih (na primer črna celina, dežela tisočerih jezer). Na koncu predstavljamo poenostavitve pri pisanju zemljepisnih imen, kot jih predvideva nastajajoči novi slovenski pravopis. This second discussion on more complex aspects and examples of using Slovenian geographical names is primarily dedicated to capitalization in multiword Slovenian geographical names, Slovenianizing multiword foreign geographical names, multiword names of parts of towns and villages, and capitalization of nicknames or other descriptive names (e.g., Dark Continent, land of a thousand lakes). It concludes by presenting simplifications in how geographical names should be written as defined in the new Slovenian normative guide being prepared.
The use of cinnamon powder in the diet of Japanese laying quail
Authors: Santos Thailine Santana , Lopes Claudia Da Costa , Oliveira Junior Gregório Murilo , Santos Luziane Moreira , Santana Camilla Cristina Santos , Souza Douglas Melo
Published: March 2019

The objective of this study was to evaluate the inclusion of powder cinnamon in the diet of Japanese quails, regarding their performance and egg quality. A total of 360 quails, 18 weeks old, were distributed in a completely randomized design with five treatments and six replicates of 12 animals. The experimental period lasted 84 days. The treatments were the inclusion of 0; 3.0; 6.0; 9.0 and 12.0 g kg-1 of cinnamon powder in the diet. The performance and quality of eggs produced were evaluated. A sensorial analysis of the eggs was carried out to evaluate the color of the egg yolk, the taste of the egg and the purchase intention. There was no significant effect on the performance and egg quality variables, except for the specific gravity and color of the yolk, which increased linearly. The evaluators presented a higher intention to purchase eggs from the treatment with 6g kg-1 of cinnamon addition in the diet. We concluded that the inclusion of 12.0 g kg-1 of cinnamon powder in the diet for laying quail does not affect the performance and the taste of the eggs, nevertheless, this level of inclusion provides an improvement in the specific gravity and color of the yolk.
Learning styles among first year medical students: Are we addressing the diversity?
Authors: Mathangasinghe Y. , Dissanayake M.M.
Published: March 2019

Teaching Anatomy for the first-year medical students is challenging. Each individual has their own preferred methods in learning. Therefore, we intended to study learning styles among first year medical students.
Message from the President of SLSMA
Authors: Jayaweera Eshan
Published: March 2019

It is with great pleasure that we present to you the much awaited 1st edition of the Sri Lankan Journal of Sports and Exercise Medicine (SLJSEM) at the inauguration ceremony of the 4th Scientific Sessions of the Sri Lanka Sports Medicine Association on 24th of November 2018.This Journal will be a good opportunity and a great platform for all persons involved in Sports and Exercise Medicine, especially the MD trainees to publish their research work, case reports or any other interesting articles.I am very thankful to our Editor, Dr. Chathuranga Ranasinghe for taking the initiative and for his commitment and tireless work in making the first edition of the Sri Lankan Journal of Sports and Exercise Medicine a reality.My gratitude goes to all who contributed articles towards the first edition and hope it would be an encouragement for others to get their work published.My best wishes for the success of the Journal and hope you enjoy reading it.Dr. Eshan Jayaweera MBBS (Kelaniya), D.Sp.Med.(Col), MD Orthopaedics (SL), MRCS (Ed) Consultant Orthopedic Surgeon President SLSMA