bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cadmium content in thothok shellfish (Geloina erosa) from mangrove area of Segara Anakan, Cilacap, Central Java
Authors: HIDAYATI IKA , WIRYANTO WIRYANTO , SETYAWAN AHMAD DWI
Published: January 2018

Abstract. Hidayati I, Wiryanto, Setyawan AD. 2011. Cadmium content in thothok shellfish (Geloina erosa) from mangrove area of Segara Anakan Cilacap, Central Java. Bonorowo Wetlands 1: 51-57. The aim of this study was to determine the Cd metal content in meat of thothok shellfish (Geloina erosa), water, and sediments in the mangrove area of Segara Anakan, Cilacap, Central Java i.e., Muara Dua, Motean, and Lomanis. The study was conducted in June-November 2005 with two replication samples. Seawater and sediment samples were taken at a depth of 3 meters from the water surface, while shellfish were taken at random. Cd level was analyzed using AAS (Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer). Other parameters measured are environmental parameters (i.e. temperature and pH). The results showed that the average measurement in three stations was: Cd content in shellfish meat 0.05 mg/kg (ppm), seawater 0.04 mg/kg, and sediment 0.12 mg/kg, temperature 30.8 C, and pH value 7.66. The highest levels of Cd are found in sediments. ANOVA statistical analysis showed that the metal content of Cd in the three stations tends to be uniform. Cd content in shellfish and temperature showed a direct correlation of +0.193. Cd content in water and sediment with temperature had a reverse correlation of -0.038 and -0.174. Cd content in shellfish and water with pH showed an inverse correlation of -0.070 and -0.125. Cd content in sediment with pH had a significant direct correlation of +0,699.
The efficiency of N uptake and rice yield on the various compositions of quail manure and inorganic fertilizer in the paddy field of Palur, Sukoharjo, Central Java
Authors: SUPRAMUDHO GALIH NICO , SYAMSIYAH JAUHARI , MUJIYO MUJIYO , SUMANI SUMANI
Published: January 2018

Abstract. Supramudho GN, Syamsiyah J, Mujiyo, Sumani. 2012. The efficiency of N uptake and rice yield on the various compositions of quail manure and inorganic fertilizer in the paddy field of Palur, Sukoharjo, Central Java. Bonorowo Wetlands 2: 11-18. The objective of the research was to determine the influence of manure and inorganic fertilizer on N uptake efficiency and rice plants' yield (Oryza sativa L.). Using inorganic fertilizer continuously can decrease rice production, resulting in saturated agrochemistry material and the lower efficiency of N uptake by plants. It is necessary to equally fertilize both manure and inorganic fertilizer to overcome the problem. The research is conducted at rice field Palur Sukoharjo and Soil Chemistry and Fertility Laboratory of Agriculture Faculty, Sebelas Maret University, Surakarta. This research represents experimental research using randomized completely block design (RAKL) factorial with two factors. There are three factors manure i.e. O1 (non-manure), O2 (manure 3 tons/ha.), O3 (manure 6 tons/ha.) and three factors inorganic fertilization i.e. A1 (non-inorganic fertilizer), A2 (Urea 15-kg/ha + ZA 50 kg/ha + SP-36 75 kg/ha + KCl 50 kg/ha), A3 (Urea 300 kg/ha + ZA 100 kg/ha + SP-36 150 kg/ha + KCl 100 kg/ha). The statistical analysis of the research uses the F test, Kurscal-Wallis Test, and DMR test 5%. The result shows no interaction between manure and inorganic fertilizer results in N total soil, N uptake, and milled dry paddy weight. The equal intake of manure 6 tons/ha + Urea 300 kg/ha + ZA 100 kg/ha + SP-36 150 kg/ha + KCl 100 kg/ha give result N total soil, efficiency of N uptake and milled dry paddy weight at the highest value, respectively 0.5%, 55.5%; 17.33 kg/ha (6.66 ton/ha.).
Growth of transplanted soft corals Lobophytum strictum on recirculation system with different light conditions
Authors: PRASTIWI DYAH ISNAINI , SOEDHARMA DEDI , SUBHAN BEGINER
Published: January 2018

Abstract. Prastiwi DI, Soedharma D, Subhan B. 2012. Growth of transplanted soft corals Lobophytum strictum on recirculation system with different light conditions. Bonorowo Wetlands 2: 31-39. The study was conducted from August 2010 to January 2011 at the Marine Science Research Center Laboratory, Bogor Agricultural University, Ancol, North Jakarta, using different lighting treatments at the observation pond. The first pond opened, and the second pond closed using a tarpaulin. The total data of soft coral Lobophytum strictum growth was analyzed using the Completely Randomized Design method. Measurements of soft coral include absolute growth, growth rate, and survival rates. In open ponds, survival rates of soft coral reached 100% until the end of the study, whereas in closed ponds (without light), only survived for 8 weeks. The average growth rate of soft coral ranged from 5.95 ± 0.31cm to 10.04 ± 0.6 cm. At the start of the study, the average width of soft coral fragments in open ponds was 5.27 ± 0.51 cm, and by the end of 12 weeks, the study increased to 6.84 ± 0.72 cm. The average growth of the length and width of the soft corals in the closed pond decreases every week. At the end of the study, the soft coral length was reduced by 3.55 cm, while the width was reduced by 4.28 cm. Sunlight plays a vital role in the life of soft corals; this is due to the presence of zooxanthellae microsimulation that requires sunlight to photosynthesize. The results show that the survival rate of soft corals in open ponds is better than in closed ponds. Analysis of variance shows that the growth of soft corals is significantly affected by light.
Micromanaging the gut: unravelling the regulatory pathways that mediate the intestinal adaptive response
Authors: Balakrishnan A
Published: January 2018

Short bowel syndrome occurs following the loss of a large portion of functional intestine and is associated with high morbidity and mortality. The intestine exhibits pronounced diurnal rhythms in glucose absorption and mounts a profound proliferative response following massive small bowel resection. Understanding the molecular pathways that underpin this could yield novel treatment options.

Two in vivo models were employed using the nocturnally active Sprague Dawley® rat, namely daytime feeding and massive small bowel resection. Glucose absorption exhibited a 24-hour periodicity in the gut and peaked during maximal nutrient delivery, mediated by rhythms in the glucose transporter sodium glucose co-transporter 1 (SGLT1). Feeding during the day shifted the peak in the circadian clock gene PER1 and SGLT1. RNA interference and luciferase assays demonstrated that PER1 transcriptionally regulates SGLT1, linking for the first time clock genes and intestinal glucose absorption.

Intestinal proliferation also exhibited diurnal rhythmicity, with peak absorptive surface area occurring during maximal nutrient availability. mir-16 is diurnally expressed in intestinal crypts, exhibiting minimal expression during maximal nutritional availability. mir-16 overexpression increased apoptosis and arrested proliferation in vitro. mir-125a was upregulated in intestinal crypts following 80% small bowel resection, and induced apoptosis and growth arrest upon overexpression in vitro.

This work provides novel insights into the role of circadian clock genes, intestinal transporters and microRNAs in regulating intestinal absorption and proliferation and is the first demonstration of a role for microRNAs in these adaptive phenomena. Modulation of these pathways may represent a new therapeutic option for the management of short bowel syndrome.
Ileocecal intussusception extending to left colon due to endometriosis
Authors: Rodriguez-Lopez M , Bailon-Cuadrado M , Tejero-Pintor FJ , Choolani E , Fernandez-Perez G , Tapia-Herrero A
Published: January 2018

Bowel involvement in endometriosis is uncommon and is most frequently located in the sigmoid colon and the rectum. We present a case in a 37-year-old woman of a cecal endometrioid mass complicated with an ileocolic intussusception which extended beyond the splenic colon flexure. Careful manual extraction allowed a reduction of the intussusceptum, followed by an oncological right hemicolectomy. The patient suffered postoperative ileus, which was spontaneously solved. Intussusception is infrequent in the adult population and usually involves the small bowel. The great majority of ileocolic intussusceptions have a malignant origin (cecal adenocarcinoma). An endometriotic mass located at the cecum as the lead point for ileocolic intussusception is an extremely rare presentation. On reviewing the literature, we found only 13 reports with no other cases extending beyond the splenic flexure, as occurred in our patient.
Diverse socio-spatial practices in a militarized public space: The case of Abu Nuwas Street in Baghdad
Authors: Raad Yaseen
Published: January 2018

Post-invasion Baghdad has undergone an excessive militarization of its urban spaces which have assumed sectarian expressions. Abu Nuwas Street is one of the few remaining open public spaces along the Tigris with a symbolic significance for Baghdadis. The street includes facilities with significant political visibility and, thus, potential targets for terrorist attacks. The walled and heavily secured state quarters, known as the Green Zone, are just across the river. The street, therefore, has witnessed excessive deployment of security measures since its reopening and renovation in 2007 as a result of the ‘surge’ military strategy under the then commanding general of the occupation forces David Petraeus. This article is an attempt to understand how the effects of militarization in the open public spaces of Abu Nuwas Street have affected socio-spatial practices. It documents an important public space in a city rarely explored in contemporary urban studies. My findings reveal that although security measures drastically decreased socio-spatial practices along Abu-Nuwas street, seeds of a vibrant and diverse public space can be found in the adjacent parks.
Iraq 2014: Making sense of sectarian violence
Authors: Alnasseri Sabah
Published: January 2018

Any attempt to resolve political violence in religious or ethnic terms is bound to fail at the outset, for it settles for addressing a representation of the symptoms and manifestations of violence rather than disclosing its constitutive moments and the political terrain of its lived relevance. My argument runs counter to such a phenomenological presentation of violence, asserting that the contemporary violent conflicts within Iraq are not a war of sect against sect, but rather one among powerful political contenders and their regional and/or international backers. To generalize and present war in the first sense is to apologetically cover up what essentially is a class conflict, above all among fractions of the ruling class and their political representatives, an explanatory that creates an image of senseless violence. This class scenario cries for a security state, order and the monopolization of violence, i.e., the making of a hierarchical class-based state. The constitution, coherence and homogeneity of any ruling class is not pre-given, rather it necessitates a project of political hegemony within the power block in which it is established, reproduced and guaranteed by the state. The absence of such a hegemony witnesses conflicts among fractions of the ruling class that permeate all societal levels to the extent that the state apparatus itself becomes an instrument, mean and object of the conflicts rather than its purveyors and means of pacification. The intersection of imperialist occupation, violent claims for hegemony among regional contenders and domestic struggle over political power assumes inevitably fractured and particularist forms: religion, confession and ethnicity. In this way, religion, confession and ethnicity are not the cause of violence; rather the contest for hegemony violently manufacture and set them in motion. The destructive occupation regime and the lack of political will to make a unified national field empower sects and ethnicities to be recast as ideological centrifuges. In this article I will reconstruct the developments up to the emergence of ISIS (Islamic State in Iraq and Syria) in December 2013/January 2014, in order to decipher the present and to warn that such catastrophes are to be expected in the future unless radical changes and reforms are made to the whole state edifice imposed on Iraqis from 2003.
Introdução: Rússia, União Europeia e espaço de vizinhança – políticas e práticas em análise
Authors: Freire Maria Raquel
Published: January 2018

Este artigo serve de breve introdução ao número especial da Revista Debater a Europa dedicado ao estudo das relações externas da União Europeia com especial ênfase a leste, nomeadamente nas relações com a Federação Russa e com os estados da Parceria Oriental. O artigo contextualiza e mapeia a temática de acordo com os contributos vários que reúne, e que remetem num primeiro momento para a análise da concetualização da ordem internacional pós-Guerra Fria e como os entendimentos desta e do posicionamento dos diferentes atores na mesma ajudam a compreender dinâmicas de cooperação e rivalidade; e num segundo momento analisa estudos de caso que ilustram estas dinâmicas com enfoque na Parceria Oriental através dos estudos sobre a Ucrânia e o Cáucaso do Sul, bem como com o contributo sobre os três estados do Báltico, estados- -membros da UE.
Diversity of Internal Sensory Neuron Axon Projection Patterns Is Controlled by the POU-Domain Protein Pdm3 inDrosophilaLarvae
Authors: Qian Cheng Sam , Kaplow Margarita , Lee Jennifer K. , Grueber Wesley B.
Published: January 2018

Internal sensory neurons innervate body organs and provide information about internal state to the CNS to maintain physiological homeostasis. Despite their conservation across species, the anatomy, circuitry, and development of internal sensory systems are still relatively poorly understood. A largely unstudied population of larvalDrosophilasensory neurons, termed tracheal dendrite (td) neurons, innervate internal respiratory organs and may serve as a model for understanding the sensing of internal states. Here, we characterize the peripheral anatomy, central axon projection, and diversity of td sensory neurons. We provide evidence for prominent expression of specific gustatory receptor genes in distinct populations of td neurons, suggesting novel chemosensory functions. We identify two anatomically distinct classes of td neurons. The axons of one class project to the subesophageal zone (SEZ) in the brain, whereas the other terminates in the ventral nerve cord (VNC). We identify expression and a developmental role of the POU-homeodomain transcription factor Pdm3 in regulating the axon extension and terminal targeting of SEZ-projecting td neurons. Remarkably, ectopic Pdm3 expression is alone sufficient to switch VNC-targeting axons to SEZ targets, and to induce the formation of putative synapses in these ectopic target zones. Our data thus define distinct classes of td neurons, and identify a molecular factor that contributes to diversification of axon targeting. These results introduce a tractable model to elucidate molecular and circuit mechanisms underlying sensory processing of internal body status and physiological homeostasis.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTHow interoceptive sensory circuits develop, including how sensory neurons diversify and target distinct central regions, is still poorly understood, despite the importance of these sensory systems for maintaining physiological homeostasis. Here, we characterize classes ofDrosophilainternal sensory neurons (td neurons) and uncover diverse axonal projections and expression of chemosensory receptor genes. We categorize td neurons into two classes based on dichotomous axon target regions, and identify the expression and role of the transcription factor Pdm3 in mediating td axon targeting to one of these target regions. Our results provide an entry point into studying internal sensory circuit development and function, and establish Pdm3 as a regulator of interoceptive axon targeting.
Creating the Aboriginal Vagrant
Authors: Nettelbeck Amanda
Published: January 2018

This article considers how shifting programs of Aboriginal protection in nineteenth-century Australia responded to Indigenous mobility as a problem of colonial governance and how they contributed over time to creating an emergent discourse of the Aboriginal “vagrant.” There has been surprisingly little attention to how the legal charge of vagrancy became applied to Indigenous people in colonial Australia before the twentieth century, perhaps because the very notion of the Aboriginal vagrant was subject to ambivalence throughout much of the nineteenth century. When vagrancy laws were first introduced into Australia’s colonies, Aboriginal people were exempt from them as a group not yet subject to the ordinary regulatory codes of colonial society. Bringing them within the protective fold of colonial social order was one of the principal tasks of the office of ‘protection’ that was introduced into three Australian jurisdictions during the late 1830s. As the nineteenth century progressed and Aboriginal people became more susceptible to social order policing, a concept of Indigenous vagrancy hardened into place, and programs of protection became central to its management.
A Perfect Match Genomic Landscape Provides a Unified Framework for the Precise Detection of Variation in Natural and Synthetic Haploid Genomes
Authors: Palacios-Flores Kim , García-Sotelo Jair , Castillo Alejandra , Uribe Carina , Aguilar Luis , Morales Lucía , Gómez-Romero Laura , Reyes José , Garciarubio Alejandro , Boege Margareta , Dávila Guillermo
Published: January 2018

At the heart of genomics lies the precise determination of an organism’s DNA sequence. Palacios-Flores et al. present a simple, sensitive, precise, and essentially non-statistical solution for generating genome-wide variation profiles and refining reference genomes...

We present a conceptually simple, sensitive, precise, and essentially nonstatistical solution for the analysis of genome variation in haploid organisms. The generation of a Perfect Match Genomic Landscape (PMGL), which computes intergenome identity with single nucleotide resolution, reveals signatures of variation wherever a query genome differs from a reference genome. Such signatures encode the precise location of different types of variants, including single nucleotide variants, deletions, insertions, and amplifications, effectively introducing the concept of a general signature of variation. The precise nature of variants is then resolved through the generation of targeted alignments between specific sets of sequence reads and known regions of the reference genome. Thus, the perfect match logic decouples the identification of the location of variants from the characterization of their nature, providing a unified framework for the detection of genome variation. We assessed the performance of the PMGL strategy via simulation experiments. We determined the variation profiles of natural genomes and of a synthetic chromosome, both in the context of haploid yeast strains. Our approach uncovered variants that have previously escaped detection. Moreover, our strategy is ideally suited for further refining high-quality reference genomes. The source codes for the automated PMGL pipeline have been deposited in a public repository.
PENGELOLAAN IKAN HAMPAL (Hampala macrolepidota Kuhl & Van Hasselt 1823) DI DANAU RANAU, SUMATERA SELATAN DAN LAMPUNG
Authors: Makmur Safran , Muthmainnah Dina , Subagdja Subagdja
Published: January 2018

Pemanfaatan dan pengelolaan perikanan harus memperhatikan aspek konservasi agar sumberdaya hayati yang ada didalamnya seperti ikan dapat tetap lestari. Danau Ranau merupakan salah satu sumberdaya alam yang potensial menghasilkan ikan yang telah lama dimanfaatkan masyarakat nelayan setempat sebagai sumber kehidupan. Ikan hampal (Hampala macrolepidota, Kuhl & Van Hasselt 1823) mempunyai peran atau fungsi ekonomis dan ekologis di perairan Danau Ranau. Penelitian dilakukan pada tahun 2013 di perairan Danau Ranau Kabupaten Ogan Komering Ulu Selatan Provinsi Sumatera Selatan dan Kabupaten Lampung Barat Provinsi Lampung. Tujuan penelitian untuk mendapatkan konsep pengelolaan ikan hampal di Danau Ranau. Penelitian mengintegrasikan secara menyeluruh aspek lingkungan perairan, biologi ikan, penangkapan dan dinamika populasi ikan hampal. Pengelolaan ikan hampal di Danau Ranau dapat dilakuan melalui: 1) pengelolaan habitat, 2) pengelolaan populasi dan 3) pengelolaan penangkapan. Pengelolaan ikan hampal di Danau Ranau dapat dilakukan sebelum populasi ikan tersebut menurun sehingga dapat tetap lestari. Merekomendasikan konsep pengelolaan ikan hampal di Danau Ranau kepada Pemerintah Daerah Sumatera Selatan dan Lampung untuk dituangkan dalam Peraturan Daerah.Utilization and water management have to consider the aspect of conservation therefore biological resources such as fish can be preserved. Ranau Lake is one of the potential natural resources to produce fish that has long been used by  local fishing communities as a source of lifehood. Hampal barb (Hampala macrolepidota, Kuhl & Van Hasselt in 1823) has economically and ecologically role or function in Ranau Lake. This study was conducted in  2013 in Ranau Lake, South OKU Regency, South Sumatera Province and West Lampung Regency,Lampung Province. The aim of research was to obtain a concept of management of hampal barb in Ranau Lake. The management of hampal in Ranau Lake could be attempted through the integration study of environmental aspects, fish biology, capture fishery and fish population dynamic data. It can be done prior to the fish population decline in order to maintain their  stable population. Recommending the concept of hampal barb management in Ranau Lake to South Sumatra and Lampung Government for consideration of developing a local government regulation.
STRATEGI PENGELOLAAN IKAN PATIN (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus) DI WADUK GAJAH MUNGKUR JAWA TENGAH
Authors: Utomo Agus Djoko , Aida Siti Nurul
Published: January 2018

Ikan Patin tebaran (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus) di Waduk Gajah Mungkur dapat berkembang biak dengan baik. Pada tahun 2011 produksi hasil tangkapan mencapai 377 ton. Secara ekologi, kondisi perairan Waduk Gajah Mungkur sesuai untuk perkembangbiakan ikan patin karena banyak tersedia pakan alami, terdapat daerah pemijahan terutama di inlet Keduang dan Wiroko, serta tersedia daerah suaka perikanan di sekitar area keramba jaring apung (KJA) milik PT. Aquafarm. Pada awal tahun 2012 terjadi pelanggaran penangkapan ikan di suaka perikanan secara besar-besaran hingga sekarang. Kondisi ini berdampak terhadap produksi perikanan tangkap ikan patin di Waduk Gajah Mungkur yang menurun tajam. Beberapa upaya yang perlu dilakukan untuk memulihkan sumberdaya ikan patin di Waduk Gajah Mungkur diantaranya yaitu pengembalian fungsi suaka perikanan yang berada di area KJA milik PT. Aquafarm, mengoptimalkan pengelolaan berbasis kearifan lokal yang didukung oleh aspek hukum, dan melakukan penebaran ikan patin di Suaka Perikanan.Fish introduction of Stipped Catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus) in the Gajah Mungkur Reservoir can grow and breed well. In 2011, the catch productions of this fish reached 377 tones. Ecologically, water conditions of the reservoir is suitable for breeding of Stripped Catfish because of abundance natural food, a suitable spawning area, especially at the inlets of Keduang and Wiroko, and available of fiheries protection area around the location of   floating net cages (KJA) owned by PT. Aquafarm. In early 2012, there were massively fishing violation in the fishery conserved area until now. This condition has an impact on fisheries production of Stripped Catfish at Gajah Mungkur Reservoir which declined sharply. Some effort needs to be done to restore the resources of Stripped Catfish in Gajah Mungkur Reservoir such as to restore the function of fisheries reserved area located in the floating net cages (KJA) owned by PT. Aquafarm, optimize local local wisdom-based management supported by legal aspects, and stocking Stripped Catfish in the fisheries reserve.
ASPEK BIOLOGI, SEBARAN, DAN DAERAH ASUHAN UDANG Metapenaeus dobsoni (MIERS, 1878) DI PERAIRAN ACEH TIMUR
Authors: Hedianto Dimas Angga , Suryandari Astri , Tjahjo Didik Wahju Hendro
Published: January 2018

Udang Metapenaeus dobsoni (Miers 1878) atau dikenal sebagai udang halus/kapur merupakan jenis udang penaeid yang dominan tertangkap di pesisir perairan Aceh Timur. Penelitian yang dilaksanakan pada April dan September tahun 2014-2015 serta April 2016 di perairan Aceh Timur bertujuan untuk mengkaji beberapa aspek biologi, kepadatan stok dan sebarannya, serta menduga daerah asuhan udang Metapenaeus dobsoni yang berguna sebagai bahan masukan untuk pengelolaannya. Aspek biologi udang yang dianalisis meliputi hubungan panjang-berat, kebiasaan makanan, dan ukuran pertama kali matang gonad (Lm50). Pengambilan sampel untuk mengetahui sebaran Metapenaeus dobsoni dilakukan menggunakan metode sapuan dengan alat tangkap mini beam trawl di 25 stasiun yang mewakili daerah estuaria, sungai, dan pesisir. Udang Metapenaeus dobsoni memiliki pola pertumbuhan alometrik negatif dengan tingkat trofik sebagai detritivora. Ukuran pertama kali matang gonad dicapai pada ukuran panjang karapas 1,3 cm. Udang Metapenaeus dobsoni tergolong udang kosmopolit dan euryhaline, sehingga menyebar secara luas di sepanjang perairan Aceh Timur. Kepadatan stok udang Metapenaeus dobsoni pada fase juvenil dan udang muda banyak ditemukan di daerah sungai yang ditumbuhi mangrove dengan salinitas di dasar perairan yang relatif rendah dan substrat dominan berupa lumpur (fraksi debu dan liat). Di daerah muara (kuala) dan pesisir dengan substrat dominan pasir dan salinitas cukup tinggi banyak ditemukan udang pada fase muda hingga dewasa. Daerah asuhan utama udang Metapenaeus dobsoni terdapat di Kuala Arakundo.Metapenaeus dobsoni (Miers 1878) shrimp, locally called “udang halus/kapur”, is a dominant penaeid shrimp caught in the coastal waters of East Aceh. The research was conducted in April and September of 2014-2015 and April 2016 in East Aceh waters aims to assess some biological aspects, distribution, stock density, and nursery ground of the shrimp management. Analysis on biological aspects include length-weight relationship, food habits, and carapace length at first maturity (Lm50). Sampling to determine distribution of the species was based on swept area method using mini beam trawl. Total 25 sampling sites selected representing estuary, river, and coastal area, respectively. Metapenaeus dobsoni has negative allometric growth pattern with trophic level as detritivore. Size at first maturity the carapace length of 1.3 cm. Stock density of Metapenaeus dobsoni in the juvenile and adolescent phase commonly found in mangroves-covered river area with relatively low salinity at the bottom waters and have mud as dominant substrate (fraction of silt and clay). The adolescent to adult phase found in the estuary (river mouth) and coastal area with sand as dominant substrate and high salinity waters. The main nursery grounds of Metapenaeus dobsoni found in Kuala Arakundo.
A Facile Green Tea Assisted Synthesis of Palladium Nanoparticles Using Recovered Palladium from Spent Palladium Impregnated Carbon
Authors: Palliyarayil Ansari , Jayakumar Kizhakoottu Kunjunny , Sil Sanchita , Kumar Nallaperumal Shunmuga
Published: January 2018

Palladium impregnated activated carbon (Pd/C) filters play a major role in air quality management by the removal of toxic carbon monoxide from confined environments. However, Pd is an expensive metal and therefore, recovery and reuse of Pd from spent filter cartridges is highly desirable. The objective of the present study was to biosynthesise Pd nanoparticles (NPs) using green tea as a reducing agent. The source of Pd for the NP synthesis was spent Pd/C. Three different acid based Pd extraction protocols constituting of hydrochloric acid-hydrogen peroxide (HCl-H2O2), 2 M HCl and aqua regia were systematically explored. The Pd impregnated carbon was characterised using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDS), ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) spectroscopy, X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) and atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) before and after Pd extraction. It was found that the aqua regia based extraction protocol was the most efficient among the three chosen acid or acid mixtures with an average absolute yield of 96%. Finally, an attempt was made towards one pot biosynthesis of Pd NPs from the recovered extract by using green tea as a reducing agent. The synthesised NPs were characterised using UV-vis spectroscopy, SEM and XRD.
Liquefaction analysis on a seabed under combined wave and current loadings
Authors: Zhang Xiao-ling , Zhang Guo-liang , Du Xiu-Li , Han Yan
Published: January 2018

Marine structures and the seabed are subjected to all kinds of marine environmental loadings for a long time, especially wave and current loadings. Most previous investigations of the dynamic response of marine structures and the seabed have only considered the influence of wave loading, but the important influence of current was ignored. In recent years, some scholars have studied the dynamic response of the seabed under combined wave and current loadings, but relatively few studies deal with liquefaction analysis under the combined wave and current loadings. On the basis of the poro-elastic theory by Biot and combined two-dimensional non-linear progressive wave and uniform current theory, an accumulated excess pore-water pressure calculation model considering the effect of instantaneous pore pressure on accumulated pore-water pressure is proposed in this paper. The seabed response of instantaneous pore pressure and accumulated pore-water pressure under the combined wave and current loadings are calculated through this model. The effects of the time, current velocity, consolidation coefficient, the relative density and water depth on excess pore pressure are discussed in detail; furthermore the stability of the seabed is evaluated through the liquefaction analysis.
Stage-specific impacts of hazy weather on car following
Authors: Gao Kun , Tu Huizhao , Shi Heng
Published: January 2018

The impacts of low visibility due to hazy weather (HW) conditions on longitudinal car-following (CF) driving behaviour for three different stages (accelerating, decelerating and steady CF stages) were investigated. Clear weather and HW scenarios simulated by a high-fidelity driving simulator were used in the investigation. The simulated results showed that low-visibility environments due to HW conditions have substantial and stage-specific impacts on driving behaviour. For instance, in HW conditions, drivers’ sensitivity to changes in relative speed decreases in the accelerating CF stage but increases in the decelerating and steady CF stages. The results indicate that, in HW conditions, drivers adopt earlier acceleration actions to follow the lead vehicle closely and take quicker and sharper braking actions to avoid collisions due to the smaller headway. The results provide useful references for developing microscopic traffic simulations and traffic strategies in HW conditions.
Detección postmortem de una nueva sustancia psicoactiva DOC en humor vítreo
Authors: Mariño-Gaviria Diana Jazmín
Published: January 2018

Introducción. El 2,5-dimetoxi-4-cloroanfetamina (DOC) es una nueva sustancia psicoactiva (NPS) derivado de la feniletilamina con actividad agonista a los receptores 5-HT y con propiedades alucinógenas y estimulantes similares al LSD y a las anfetaminas. Se ha asociado el DOC con intoxicaciones graves y muertes.

Materiales y métodos. Las muestras provenientes de la autopsia se analizaron mediante inmunoensayo, cromatografía de gases y líquida con espectrometría de masas (GC-MS) (LC-ESI-MS/MS).

Historia del caso. El occiso es un joven de 17 años de edad quién después de aplicarse una estampilla en el ojo pensando que era LSD convulsionó en varias ocasiones y murió.

Resultados y discusión. Los hallazgos toxicológicos fueron los siguientes: sangre cardiaca, sangre de vaso periférico, contenido gástrico, orina y en humor vítreo no se detectó LSD ni metabolitos, anfetaminas, 2CB, benzodiazepinas, fenotiazinas, antidepresivos tricíclicos, ni otros depresores. En orina se confirmó la detección de cannabinoides. En humor vítreo se detectó DOC.

Conclusiones. Los resultados obtenidos con la metodología analítica y la técnica LC-ESI-MS/MS son satisfactorios en términos de la identificación espectral de la estructura molecular del DOC y permite evidenciar el empleo de ésta nueva sustancia psicoativa en jóvenes con fines recreativos. Nuestro aporte es contribuir con el primer caso documentado mediante el análisis toxicológico postmortem del DOC en Colombia. La socialización de nuevos hallazgos toxicológicos es esencial no sólo en la mejora del conocimiento sino también en la sensibilización entre la comunidad forense respecto a las nuevas sustancias psicoactivas como es el grupo de feniletilaminas entre otras.
ANALISIS TULANG FAUNA VERTEBRATA DARI DI SITUS GUA KIDANG, BLORA, JAWA TENGAH
Authors: Hidayatullah Ghufron
Published: January 2018

The research discusses the utilization of vertebrate fauna at the Kidang Cave site to identify the types and variations of vertebrate animals as subsistence and their respective habitats. The analysis was also instrumental in defining the natural landscape of Kidang Cave during the prehistoric era. Faunal fragments were previously analysed and identified taxonomically and anatomically. The analysis started with re-sortation of faunal bone fragments, classifying and further analyzing the data to obtain the number of identified specimens for each taxon (NISP) and the minimum number of individuals (MNI). From 8,265 bone fragments, only 1,378 were anatomically and taxonomically identifiable. The MNI calculation revealed a number of 23 taxa that were identified down to their familial levels and only two to class levels. The result of this research identified various fauna from different habitats were part of the human diet. Based on this analysis, the natural environment surrounding Kidang Cave during the prehistoric era was then predicted.
Text and Picture in Habsburg Diplomacy at the Sublime Porte (16th – 18th centuries)
Authors:   University of Salzburg, Strohmeyer Arno
Published: January 2018

In this article we intend to analyze the role of text and picture in Habsburg Diplomacy at the Sublime Porte (16th – 18th centuries). Texts and pictures – objects of written and pictorial communication – were connected in various ways. The aim is to get an insight into these connections, especially with regard to the Early Modern Habsburg diplomatic mission in Constantinople, which, so far, has not been studied from this specific perspective. The article is divided as follows: firstly, the most important characteristics of the diplomatic contacts between the Habsburgs and the Ottomans are shortly outlined; hence this part of the essay provides the political context. Secondly, the first part is followed by an overview of the visual and pictorial media which were used in diplomatic communication. In the third part a case study will be presented in which the interactions between texts and pictures will be analyzed in more detail. We will conclude that in accordance with the pluralistic media landscape which characterized the Habsburg-Ottoman diplomacy, numerous combinations of text and picture can be found. Of course, one can recall texts without illustration, e.g. the political correspondence, but only rarely pictures were used on their own, without a title, caption or explanatory text. Three types of text-picture interactions can be differentiated: firstly, the connection could be rather simple e.g. when short captions of a portrait served to identify the depicted person; secondly, the connection could be more complex when text and images were spatially and/or graphically separated; finally, it was also possible that the content of the text clearly exceeded the information conveyed by the picture. In this case, the picture illustrates a sub-theme of the text.
Development of reference ranges of handgrip strength among healthy adults 65+ in Northwest Russia: a prospective population-based cohort Crystal study
Authors: Turusheva Anna V , Frolova Elena V , Degryse Jean-Marie
Published: January 2018

Objectives. This paper sought to provide normative values for grip strength among older adults 65+ across different age groups in northwest Russia. Methods. A population-based prospective cohort study of 611 community-dwelling individuals 65+. Grip strength was measured using the standard protocol applied in the Groningen Elderly Tests. The cut-off thresholds for grip strength were defined separately for men and women of different ages using a weighted polynomial regression. Results and conclusions. 1. This study presents age- and sex-specific reference values for grip strength in the 65+ Russian population derived from a prospective cohort study. 2. The grip strength values obtained in the current study were lower than those reported in other population-based studies in Europe and USA.
Rotina de guerra e entomologia: os Diários de guerra de E. Jünger e Tempestades de aço
Authors: Galle Helmut
Published: January 2018

Durante seus quatro anos na Primeira Guerra Mundial, Ernst Jünger anotou, quase diariamente, suas observações em pequenos cadernos, que depois serviram como base para seu livro Tempestade de aço (In Stahlgewittern), de 1920, e suas seis revisões, realizadas até 1978. Esse livro sempre foi visto como manifestação ideológica no contexto do entreguerras, mas também atraiu o interesse por suas descrições sóbrias da violência e sua linguagem imagética. Em 2010, a transcrição comentada dos cadernos – incluindo os registros coleopterológicos do pesquisador amador – foi editada por Helmuth Kiesel, dando acesso público às anotações originais do autor. Uma vez que a crítica geralmente considerou o livro uma espécie de diário redigido ou “ficcionalizado”, o presente artigo tem por objetivo comparar essas anotações com a primeira versão de Tempestades de aço. Aqui, será analisado, além da questão da ficcionalidade, em que medida os textos divergem em extensão, assuntos, estilo, voz narrativa e cor ideológica.
Retrospective analysis of adverse drug reactions reported at ADR monitoring centre under PvPI in a tertiary care hospital
Authors: Sen Manodeep , Singh Arpita , Misra Mukul
Published: January 2018

Background: Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in hospitals and pose great economic burden on the health care system. This study was conducted with the aim of creating awareness and developing a culture for proper communication and reporting of ADRs among health care professionals.Methods: This study is a retrospective analysis of total 60 reported ADRs from AMC at a tertiary care hospital during a period of 14 months from March 2015 to April 2016. These ADRs were analysed for the pattern and type of reactions, body systems involved, causative drugs, and severity of reaction, their outcome, management and causality assessment.Results: Patients in the age groups of 41-50 years were most commonly involved with slight male preponderance. Skin reactions like rashes and itching were the most commonly observed ADR. The most common causative drugs for ADR were antimicrobial agents; IV route was the most common route responsible. Majority of ADRs belonged to type B, were non serious and moderate in severity. Most of the patients recovered. On causality assessment scale, most of the ADRs were found to be probable with the causative drugs.Conclusions: Most of the ADRs were treatable by early and appropriate management. The major limitation was under-reporting of ADRs which can be overcome by creating awareness and enhancing the culture of ADR monitoring and reporting among health care professionals for safe use of drugs.
Concept learning through question framing in Pharmacology
Authors: Sreedharan Syam , Vijayalekshmi Hyma , Palappallil Dhanya S.
Published: January 2018

Background: Framing questions is a skill that requires expertise, knowledge, guidance and mentoring. It provides structure for deep learning, critical thinking and also promotes interaction and communication. Objective of this study is to analyze the question framing skills of fifth semester medical students on a ‘must know’ area in Pharmacology.Methods: A cross-sectional study was done in the Department of Pharmacology of a Government Medical College in Central Kerala. After briefing about the study, each of the participants was instructed to frame a question which were collected after 15 minutes. The data on different aspects of questions was analysed by Statistical Package for the Social Sciences 16.Results: Total 130 students, 79 females and 51 males participated in this study. 7 questions were incomplete and excluded from further analysis. From the rest 123 properly framed questions, 106(86.2%) were correct, 10(8.1%) were partially correct and 7(5.7%) incorrect with regards to the task assigned. In this study knowledge as well as application was tested in 50.4% questions, comprehension in 21.1% and application alone in 22.8%. The knowledge dimension tested was factual in 91(74%) and conceptual in 32(26%). Non-hierarchical classification showed 96(78%) convergent and 27(22%) divergent.Conclusions: In this study majority of the participants framed direct short answer questions which reflects factual knowledge indicating their lower-level cognition. Critical thinking and procurement of higher level cognition can be attained by directing them to frame the right question especially in medical education.
Evaluation of safety, efficacy, acceptance and expulsion of post placental intrauterine contraceptive device in a tertiary care centre
Authors: Mahadevan Geetha , B. Nithya Chandika
Published: January 2018

Background: Postpartum intrauterine device provides an effective temporary method of contraception for the woman who needs birth spacing rather than birth limitation and also a quasi-permanent family planning method. The aim of this study was to study the efficacy, acceptance, safety and complication of PPIUCD insertion.Method: This a retrospective analytical study done in a tertiary care teaching institute, Institute of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Egmore for a six-year period from January 2010 to December 2015 with a sample size of 81204. Outcomes measured were safety, efficacy, acceptance (patients and professionals) and complications.Results: For the study period of six years the total number of women delivered were 81204. A steady increase was noted in the insertion of PPIUCD from 2010 (1.98%) to 2015 (58%). 50.5% had insertion following caesarean section and 49.5% following vaginal delivery. Primipara had a higher rate of acceptance amounting to 74.74%. Most common complication reported was missing strings 9.25% and a greater part of the patients (83%) did not have any complaints.Conclusions: Enthusiasm and conviction on the part of the health care provider goes a long way in improving the acceptance rate of PPIUCD. It is an indispensable contraceptive tool for our country since our women most often do not return for postnatal contraceptive options.
PPIUCD: awareness and reasons for non-acceptance
Authors: Alukal Anila Tresa , Raveendran Resmy C. , George Lissiamma
Published: January 2018

Background: The recommended interval between pregnancies is at least 24 months in order to reduce the risk of adverse maternal, perinatal and infant outcomes. Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India has taken initiative for provision of IUCD in immediate postpartum period. Several training programs and awareness camps are conducted by NHM for health service providers and also for the public.  The aim of the study was to determine proportion of women accepting post placental intrauterine Contraceptive Device insertion, and to describe the factors associated with acceptability and non-acceptance.Methods: The study was conducted at the Government Medical College Thrissur, Kerala, India and study period was 1 year (2014-2015). The study population included women who planned to deliver at Government Medical College, Thrissur during the study period including vaginal and caesarean section.Results: The awareness regarding PPIUCD was only 11.1% whereas for interval IUCD it was 94.9%. The acceptance rate of PPIUCD was very low (10.5%). The most common reason to accept was its long action (68.5%) The most common reason for rejection was that they wanted permanent sterilisation. The other reasons for non-acceptance include unwillingness of husband, fear of complications etc.Conclusions: The acceptance rate was very low even though majority of the study population were well educated. The most common reason for acceptance was long action followed by reversibility.The reasons for refusal like unwillingness of husband, fear of complications etc. can be overcome by proper counselling and public awareness programs.
Domestic violence in rural currently married women: effects on utilization of reproductive and maternal health services
Authors: Gupta Rajiv Kumar , Langer Bhavna , Singh Parveen , Kumari Rashmi , Akhter Najma , Gupta Riya
Published: January 2018

Background: Domestic violence remains a public health concern in India due to its high prevalence and adverse effects on pregnancy outcomes. Domestic violence in low and middle income countries has emerged as a priority among researchers and policy makers who are primarily concerned with women s health and empowerment. The study aimed to assess the relationship between domestic violence and women’s use of reproductive and maternal health services.Methods: The present study was conducted among currently married rural women in reproductive age group (15-49 Years). Four villages in Kot Balwal Block were selected randomly and all the currently married women who were willing to give informed verbal consent were administered the questionnaire. The questionnaire was pilot tested by the authors. Data was analysed using proportion sand chi square test was used as a test of significance.Results: Prevalence of domestic violence was reported to be 49.12%. Regarding empowerment, the results revealed that while 65.3% of the respondents were able to decide on their health, only 20.7% had say in household purchases. Attitude towards wife beating was strongly negative as 95.7% rejected wife beating. Levels of education, exposure to media, intake of alcohol by partners and spousal age difference were statistically significant (p<0.05) in relation to use of reproductive and maternal health services.Conclusions: The study has revealed that women’s empowerment has a positive impact on use of reproductive and maternal health services. Multi-sector collaboration in initiating programs and interventions to improve women’s empowerment, increase educational attainment and reduction of gender based violence should be a priority for the health planners.