bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Variability of the intestinal microbiota in children with of noninfectious diseases
Authors: Turdieva Sh. T. , Ganiyeva D. K. , Abdurashidova Kh. B.
Published: August 2024

The review article is devoted to the problem of the variability of the intestinal microbiota in children with various diseases of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) of non-infectious origin, which is one of the current areas of modern pediatric gastroenterology. More often, in practical pediatrics, during the treatment of non-infectious diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, doctors often do not prescribe medications for the intestinal microbiota. In connection with this, complications subsequently develop in functional activity in this system, which is most often classified as a separate, unrelated pathology. The scientific articles by Russian and foreign authors devoted to the study of intestinal microbiota variability in children with non-infectious diseases of various origins were analyzed. According to the results of the study, it was noted that in non-infectious inflammatory processes, as a result of endogenous and exogenous factors, there is a decrease in the quantity and quality of microorganisms, mainly producing SCFA, which affects the course of the underlying disease. At the same time, the question of rational prescription of biotechnological and gene therapeutic drugs, together with traditional drugs containing live bacteria and substances that provide the necessary conditions for the growth and development of normal intestinal microbiota (pro-, pre-, syn- and symbiotics), also remains open. Analysis of scientific and literary data has shown that in children with non-infectious gastrointestinal diseases of various origins, there is a decrease in the quantitative composition of the intestinal microbiota due to microorganisms producing SCFA, such as Clostridium spp. and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, against the background of a decrease in probiotic bacteria. These changes lead to disproportions in the qualitative composition of the intestinal microbiota. Therefore, these patients should be treated with biologics containing Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Lactobacillus gasseri, Lactococcus lactis, Leuconostoc mesenteroides, and Bifidobacteria.
A case report of progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis in neonatal practice
Authors: Belkova T. N. , Pavlinova E. B. , Kurieva K. B. , Golovanova Yu. E. , Konstantinova A. Yu. , Begjanova A. Kh.
Published: August 2024

Progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis is a group of infrequent hereditary diseases caused by the defect in the transport of bile acids, leading to the rapid development of the liver’s cirrhosis. The infrequent occurrence of this pathology creates significant difficulties in the diagnostic search for the causes of intrahepatic cholestasis. The article demonstrates a clinical case of progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis in a newborn child. We used the descriptive method of clinical-anamnestic and laboratory-instrumental data, obtained from the medical history of a full-term newborn who was treated in the perinatal center of the Regional Clinical Hospital (Omsk). Starting from the first days of life, signs of liver failure with a progressive increase drew: indirect hyperbilirubinemia followed by predominance of direct bilirubin, hemorrhagic syndrome with signs of disturbance of both external and internal hemostasis pathways, and hypoproteinemia. At the second stage of nursing, monitoring was carried out laboratory and instrumental studies and using results we excluded the surgical and infectious nature of the pathology: hepatitis B and C, cytomegalovirus infection. In a diagnostic searching we were looking for the most common genetically determined liver diseases. Using massive parallel sequencing for mutations in 47 genes which have the hereditary nature of liver damage, we excluded tyrosinemia, galactosemia, Gaucher’s disease, and alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency. According to the results of a liver biopsy performed at the clinic of the federal center of the St Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University detected progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis (Byler’s disease). This case belongs to the category of orphan diseases with a complex diagnostic search, has a familial nature of inheritance (patient’s brother dead due to certain hereditary liver’s disease) and requires molecular genetic confirmation.
Efficiency of identification of tuberculosis in high-risk groups of the population under extreme conditions conducive to the formation of an epidemic situation
Authors: Kolomietz V. M.
Published: August 2024

An analytical review of scientific literature, international acts and Russian regulatory documents on the issues of implementation of anti-epidemic actions in tuberculosis among the general population and, on a priority basis, in high-risk groups – migrants (refugees and resettlers) are presented. The review is aimed to raise awareness among readers about the RF regulatory environment on this issue, as well as the results of research on migrants’ access to the measures on early detection, diagnosis, prevention and treatment of tuberculosis in Russia. The features of identification of disease cases among migrants have been determined based on the results of observation of the formation of an epidemic situation in the border region of the Russian Federation under extreme conditions and development of a pandemic. In the period before, during the development and after the pandemic, 2268 newly diagnosed and recurrent tuberculosis patients were followed-up, who were identified using various approaches and diagnostic methods: radiation (fluorography + radiography), bacteriological, molecular and genetic, computed tomography, histological studies. There are interesting data on the use of immunological methods. The conclusions: the created regulatory environment to identify, treat and prevent the spread of tuberculosis in the country, including high-risk groups such as migrants/refugees, among whom there are many children, ensured the implementation of controlled anti-epidemic actions under extreme conditions conducive to the formation of an epidemic situation; extreme conditions, including a pandemic/ epidemic of other etiologies, affected the formation of the epidemic situation of tuberculosis, as well as among children and adolescents, in the region; the efficiency of  immunological methods, primarily the recombinant tuberculosis allergen, in the high-risk groups under consideration has been proven.
Endosurgical technologies in the treatment of children with intestinal obstruction
Authors: Korovin S. A. , Dzyadchik A. V. , Donskoy D. V. , Akopyan M. К. , Sokolov Yu. Yu.
Published: August 2024

Introduction. In recent years there has been an increase in the number of cases of postoperative adhesive intestinal obstruction among children after surgical interventions due to congenital anomalies of the gastrointestinal tract, traumatic injuries and abdominal masses. The laparoscopic technology opportunities are directly related to the type of obstruction and the severity of the patients’ condition on admission. The rationale for laparoscopic technologies will help improve the outcomes of surgical treatment of children with various types of intestinal obstruction.

Aim. To evaluate the effectiveness of laparoscopic technologies in a group of children with intestinal obstruction.

Materials and methods. The study included 88 patients who underwent surgery for intestinal obstruction from 2008 to 2022 at the age of 1 month up to 18 years (7.75 ± 4.62). The patients were divided into two groups: Group I – obstructive intestinal obstruction (51) and Group II – strangulating intestinal obstruction (37). Methods for personalized evaluation of the options for endosurgical interventions were created based on the coefficients of the Bayesian decision rule characteristics.

Results and discussion. The method for personalized evaluation of the options for endosurgical intervention completion in the form of laparoscopic version was proposed on the basis of the analysis of clinical and anamnestic data, outcomes of instrumental approaches to preoperative diagnosis and laparoscopy in a group of patients with intestinal obstruction. Laparoscopic technology has proved to be effective in the groups of patients with obstructive and strangulation intestinal obstruction in 70 and 62.2% of follow-ups, respectively.

Conclusion. The effectiveness of laparoscopic technologies in children with intestinal obstruction depends on the patients’ group-specific decision rule characteristics of the method for personalized evaluation of the options for endosurgical interventions and accounts for 66% (Sn – 90%; Se – 85%; ACC – 85.8%). The method for personalized evaluation of the options for endosurgical interventions is a highly informative test for a group of patients with intestinal obstruction (AUC – 92.2%).
A child with diabetes in school and kindergarten: results of the all-russian sociological study “ROSTOK-2023”
Authors: Saverskaya E. N.
Published: August 2024

Introduction. Type 1 diabetes in children creates difficulties and requires certain conditions for control while attending school/ kindergarten, while children should receive education without any restrictions.

Aim. To identify problems and assess the needs of children with type 1 diabetes mellitus and their parents during their stay in preschool and general education organizations.

Materials and methods. A sociological online survey of 684 parents of children with diabetes was conducted in September- October 2023 in 8 federal districts of Russia. The electronic questionnaire contained 117 questions on 9 main blocks of studying the problems of children staying in schools/kindergartens.

Results. The age of children is from 2 to 18 years (median – 9.9 years); gender of children: female – 50.9%, male – 49.1%; diabetes experience – from 1 month. up to 15 years (median – 3.6 years). Parents consider the main problems to be difficulties with organizing meals (54.7%), administering insulin (52.8%), controlling glycemia (44.9%), their own fear (41.2%), and mistrust of teachers (20.8%) and nurses (11.1%), administrative barriers (29.4%). Teachers do not have sufficient knowledge about diabetes in children (78.5%), teaching aids (53.0%), regulations on their responsibilities when accompanying children (46.0%), 54.8% of them are afraid, 87.9% cannot help a child in an emergency. Parents are concerned about the lack of nurses (80.1%) and a separate room for self-monitoring (47.7%) at school. According to parents, educational organizations need awareness-raising work (85.8%) and support from an assistant/tutor (56.5%) for children with diabetes.

Conclusion. It is possible to solve the identified problems through the cooperation of teachers, parents and children, endocrinologists, psychologists, social workers and government authorities who can remove barriers and create conditions for a comfortable stay for children with diabetes in educational organizations.
The effect of cholecalciferol subsidies on the level of pro-inflammatory cytokines in children with bronchial asthma
Authors: Dolbnya S. V. , Tolkunova A. A. , Zakharova I. N. , Ponamaryova V. R. , Klimov L. Ya. , Barycheva L. Yu. , Zaritovskaya N. V. , Kuznetsova V. V. , Enina E. A.
Published: August 2024

Introduction. Currently, there are insufficient studies to demonstrate the effect of vitamin D status on the production of proinflammatory cytokines in children with allergic diseases, which precipitated this study.

Aim. To analyse interferon-γ, interleukin-17A and 33 profiles in children with asthma according to serum calcidiol levels before and during cholecalciferol subsidies.

Materials and methods. A total of 71 children aged 3 to 18 years were examined: 51 patients with asthma and 20 children in the control group. A 3-month cholecalciferol course at a prophylactic dose specified in the national program was prescribed to all children. 25(OH)D, interferon-γ, interleukin-17A and 33 levels were twice determined in the examined children.

Results and discussion. Median 25(OH)D levels in patients with asthma did not reach the levels of healthy children either before or after cholecalciferol subsidies at prophylactic doses. Vitamin D intake led to a decrease in interferon-γ levels in healthy children from 3.07 [2.29; 4.81] pg/ml to 2.18 [1.74; 3.45] pg/ml (p < 0.05). In patients with asthma, such changes were not detected in the initial population, however, after cholecalciferol subsidies their interferon-γ levels were significantly higher than those in healthy children: 3.11 [0.89; 5.0] pg/ml and 2.18 [1.74; 3.45] pg/ml, respectively (p < 0.05). Assessment results of interleukin-17A levels in children with asthma showed that the median cytokine levels were significantly higher before the cholecalciferol subsidies than after them: 2.03 [0.1; 10.01] pg/ml and 0.96 [0.1; 12.87] pg/ml, respectively (p = 0.03). The median interleukin-17A levels in children with asthma were significantly higher than in healthy children, both before and during the cholecalciferol subsidies. The median interleukin-33 levels were significantly higher in children with asthma as compared to healthy children, both before and during vitamin D subsidies.

Conclusion. Our results suggest that cholecalciferol has a modulatory effect on interferon-γ and interleukin-17A in patients with asthma. Interleukin-33 levels did not change significantly in children with asthma on cholecalciferol.
Proactive therapy for atopic dermatitis
Authors: Sharova N. M. , Kukalo S. V. , Terentyeva L. V.
Published: August 2024

Proactive therapy in dermatology is defined as a long-term intermittent application of anti-inflammatory topical agents to maintain a stable and long-term remission in chronic recurrent dermatoses. Proactive therapy is prescribed after reactive treatment in atopic dermatitis, chronic dermatoses, and involves emollients, topical corticosteroids, and topical calcineurin inhibitors. Intermittent therapy allows to control the course of the disease and prolong remissions, which has a positive effect on the patients’ quality of life. The duration of therapy is determined on a case-by-case basis, taking into account the severity of dermatosis and relapse rates. Thus, proactive treatment for atopic dermatitis can last from 12–16 weeks (mild level) to 52 weeks and longer in severe cases. The anti-inflammatory effect of pimecrolimus and tacrolimus has been shown to prevent the production and release of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL2, IL3, IL4, IL8, IFNγ, TNF, GM-CSF) and to inhibit T-lymphocyte proliferation, and topical calcineurin inhibitors prevent the release of inflammatory mediators (histamine, tryptase) from activated mast cells. In addition, the active substance of tacrolimus and pimecrolimus binds to the protein receptor macrophilin-12 (FKBP-12). The review article looks at whether the outcomes of the recent studies show the effectiveness of proactive therapy, increase in relapse rates in children with atopic dermatitis while using pimecrolimus cream, 1% and emollients after the inflammatory process has been stopped. In-house data on the analysis of the relapse rates in 22 patients (9 girls and 13 boys) aged 6 to 14 years with moderate atopic dermatitis, who were under observation from 2020 to 2022, are presented. Analysis of study results and our own observations demonstrated that such complex external treatment with topical calcineurin inhibitors and emollients can reduce the rate of exacerbations of atopic dermatitis and improve the patients’ quality of life.
Experience of using a combination of herbal preparations in the treatment of acute rhinosinusitis in children
Authors: Karpishchenko S. A. , Rodneva Iu. A. , Ekushov K. A.
Published: August 2024

Introduction. Rhinosinusitis, along with adenoiditis, holds leading positions in terms of incidence among adults and children. About 10 million cases of rhinosinusitis per year are reported in Russia.

Aim. To study the effectiveness and safety of secretolytic drugs in the treatment of acute rhinosinusitis in different groups of patients, features of the course of rhinosinusitis in patients with concomitant disorders of the immune system.

Materials and methods. A total of 98 medical records of children with acute sinusitis that was diagnosed by an otolaryngologist during the initial examination based on complaints, past medical history data and paranasal sinuses x-rays were selected for analysis. Of these, 60 children aged 3 to 15 years (23 girls and 37 boys) were included in Group 1. 38 immunocompromised children aged 3 to 12 years (18 girls and 20 boys) were included in Group 2.

Results. In the group of patients without oncohematological diseases (Group 1), the average duration of bacterial sinusitis was from 6 to 12 days, if the standard treatment regimen was ussed; if therapy included Sinupret complex-action herbal medicine, children were ill for an average of 6.46 days, and the average duration of the disease in patients who did not receive the herbal medicine was 3 days longer, totalling to 9.54 days. Patients with various immunocompromising diseases, who received specific immunosuppressive therapy, on average were ill significantly longer – from 8 to 16 days on systemic antibacterial therapy. Moreover, the average duration of sinusitis in patients, who additionally used Sinupret was 7.5 days, which was almost 5 days less (12.4) than in patients, who received treatment without Sinupret herbal medicine. The article also presented the results of treatment of patients receiving several immunosuppressive drugs, who had a graft-versus-host reaction, cytopenia and other unfavorable factors.

Conclusion. The inclusion of the herbal medicine with complex action in the treatment regimen significantly improves the positive effect of therapy, reduces the duration and intensity of clinical presentations, even if a patient has immunological diseases and immunocompromising conditions.
Otitis in paediatric practice: clinic presentation, diagnosis, role of topical therapy
Authors: Payganova N. E. , Yastremsky A. P.
Published: August 2024

The article considers the main pathological processes in the outer and middle ear, which are detected at the primary paediatric visit. A particular focus has been placed on the importance of otoscopy and the need for sustainable routing of a child with ear pain. The basic principles for the treatment of acute external and otitis media in children are outlined, and indications for additional examinations and systemic antimicrobial therapy are determined. The benefits of topical combination ear drops in the treatment of acute external and otitis media are presented. The benefits of combination ear drops in the treatment of ear pathology in children from 6 years of age are demonstrated by examples of clinical studies and retrospective analysis of clinical efficacy. Clinical cases from our own observations are presented: a 7-year-old patient with acute non-perforative otitis media and a 12-year-old patient with acute exacerbation of chronic external otitis, myringitis. The combination ear drops containing chloramphenicol, beclomethasone dipropionate (anhydrous), clotrimazole and lidocaine hydrochloride monohydrate demonstrated high clinical efficacy. The combination drug with a beneficial and clinically proven effect can help solve the issue of otitis in children from 6 years of age. The authors have developed a treatment and prevention reminder for ear pathologies in children, which will help the paediatrician explain the main principles of treatment and prevention of otitis media to parents in an easily accessible form. It was concluded that ear pathology is a current and multi-etiological challenge that requires attention and expert knowledge of a paediatrician. The active parental involvement in ear pathology prevention in their child will help their children to grow physically healthy.
Features of the parietal and cavity intestinal microbiota in infants born to mothers with bronchial asthma, depending on the mode of delivery
Authors: Kosenkova T. V. , Novikova V. P. , Boytsova E. A. , Kelmanson I. A. , Zazerskaya I. E. , Lavrova O. V. , Boldyreva M. N.
Published: August 2024

Introduction. Intestinal microbiota is a complex and unique system in its composition, performing a huge number of diverse functions in the body. Its formation begins in utero.

Aim. To study the features of the parietal and cavity intestinal microbiota in children born to mothers suffering from moderate bronchial asthma, depending on the mode of delivery.

Material and methods. A prospective longitudinal study was carried out, which included children from the first day of life to 12 months. A total of 68 children at high risk of atopy (HRA) from mothers with asthma were included, of whom 22 were born by cesarean section and 46 were born through the vaginal birth canal. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of GM was carried out by real-time PCR with group- and species-specific primers: in the examined children, the dynamics of 4 phylums including 31 microorganisms was assessed. The child’s feces and brush-biopsy were taken from the rectum at 7 control points of measurement.

Results and discussion. The data obtained showed that the method of delivery has an impact on the formation of the intestinal microbiota: in children born by cesarean section, in the parietal microbiota, starting from the age of 1–2 months, and in the cavity microbiota – 3–4 months, representatives of phylum Firmicutes (Clostridium leptum gr m.). In children born through the vaginal birth canal, all the first 8 months of life in the cavity and parietal microbiota were dominated by representatives of phylum Bacteroidetes (Bacteroides spp., Prevotella spp.). Clostridium leptum can be a marker of an inflammatory process in the intestinal mucosa in children at high risk of atopy. The research conducted over the past few years has found that Clostridium leptum promotes the secretion of anti-inflammatory (IL-10 and IL-12) and inhibition of the production of pro-inflammatory (IL-8) cytokines, and also boosts the number of Treg cells.

Conclusion. The mode of delivery in children with a high risk of atopy is an additional epigenetic factor that influences the nature of both the parietal and cerebrospinal microbiota.
Diagnostic value of serological markers for celiac disease in children
Authors: Dmitrieva Yu. A. , Zakharova I. N. , Osmanov I. M. , Gostyukhina A. D. , Teslenko S. E. , Radchenko E. R. , Miyanova A. R. , Scorobogatova E. V.
Published: August 2024

Introduction. Serologic tests are the main tool to screen for celiac disease. The serologic tests for tissue transglutaminase (tTG-IgA) antibodies combined with the assessment of the total serum IgA concentration is recommended as a primary test. Other serological markers, in particular IgA and/or IgG antibodies against deamidated gliadin peptides (DGP-IgG/IgA) and native gliadin (AGA-IgA/IgG), are not recommended for use in diagnosing celiac disease in immunocompetent patients.

Aim. To determine the diagnostic value of serological markers during the initial examination for celiac disease in children.

Materials and methods. The sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value of tTG-IgA/IgG, DPG-IgA/IgG, AGA-IgA/IgG were calculated for a group of 1247 children.

Results. Celiac disease was diagnosed in 101 patients of the study group. Tissue transglutaminase IgA antibodies demonstrated the highest sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values of 98.02, 99.48, 94.29 and 99.82%, respectively. DPG-IgA/IgG, AGA-IgA were inferior in sensitivity and specificity to tTG-IgA, the positive predictive value of DGP-IgG and AGA-IgA was 34.62 and 34.21%, respectively. AGA-IgG showed the worst specificity (40.3%) and positive predictive values (12.41%).

Discussion The low predictive value of the positive results of AGA IgA and DPG IgG determines the extremely high percentage of false-positive results for these tests. In none of the cases of an isolated elevation in AGA and DPG antibodies the diagnosis of celiac disease was confirmed, if tissue transglutaminase IgA antibody concentrations were normal.

Conclusion. The results of our study are fully consistent with the position of modern clinical guidelines, demonstrating the maximum diagnostic value of tissue transglutaminase IgA antibody during examination for celiac disease. Other antibodies are not recommended for use in the screening process to avoid unnecessary referrals of patients for endoscopic examination and to reduce healthcare costs.
About effectiveness of domestic drug liraglutide: results of clinical cases in pediatrics
Authors: Evdokimova N. V. , Belousova M. S. , Razgonyaeva A. E.
Published: August 2024

Obesity is a global problem in pediatrics. Scientific interest in the study of this disease in childhood and adolescence is due to a number of factors: a steady increase in the number of patients in most countries of the world, unfavorable long-term consequences and complications, its progression into adulthood. These circumstances dictate the need for health professionals to search for new methods of treatment and prevention. The basis of treatment is a comprehensive approach, including normocaloric diet, increased physical activity, behavioral therapy and psychological support. However, these methods are often ineffective. In recent years, medications, particularly glucagon-like peptide-1 agonists (the drug liraglutide), have been approved for effective weight loss. However, there is some clinical stagnation on the part of the medical community regarding its prescription due to the lack of clear criteria determining the validity and increasing the effectiveness of treatment. On the basis of clinical observations, to propose criteria determining the possibility of prescribing a domestic analog of liraglutide (enligria) to improve the effectiveness of treatment of obesity in adolescent children. Four clinical cases demonstrated the high efficacy of liraglutide with respect to leveling cardiometabolic risks regardless of the degree of obesity and increasing adherence to lifestyle modification principles in patients with a metabolically “healthy” obesity phenotype. Also, its use was associated with facilitating the management of different types of eating disorders. Additional criteria determining the validity of liraglutide prescription in the therapy of obesity in adolescent children were proposed. It will contribute to a wider introduction of this drug into practical healthcare.
Conjunctival sac microbiome status and the use of picloxidine dihydrochloride in children with infectious conjunctivitis
Authors: Sakhovskaya N. A. , Frolov M. A. , Simonova A. V.
Published: August 2024

The surface of the eyeball presents a unique microbiocynosis, which is composed of various bacteria including viruses. Proceeding in the body itself. Infectious conjunctivitis in children is one of the most frequent and widespread processes, which determines the relevance of this problem. Inflammatory diseases can be both independent diseases and a reflection of negative processes of the eye.

Aim. To evaluate the efficacy of picloxidine dihydrochloride in the composition 0.05% eye drops in the treatment of infectious conjunctivitis in children according to the results of conjunctival cavity microbiosis study by chromatography-mass spectrometry.

Materials and methods. The study included 61 patients (104 eyes) with infectious conjunctivitis aged from 1 to 9 years (5.02 ± 0.25). The state of conjunctival cavity microbiocenosis was studied in all patients before treatment by chromato-mass spectrometry. All patients were prescribed instillations of picloxidine dihydrochloride as a part of eye drops 0.05% into conjunctival cavity with the frequency of 4 times a day.

Results. A more severe course of conjunctivitis was recorded in children with less Bifidobacterium spp.

Discussion. Dysbiosis of conjunctival sac microbiome reflects the reserve potential of the immunity of the bulbar conjunctiva. Due to emergence of 4 types of pathogenic microflora, cytomegalovirus (20% of patients) and a decrease in all types of normal flora, a significant increase in opportunistic microorganisms (12 types), 2 to 59.5-fold increase on average is recorded, and every 3rd patient is diagnosed with an increased titer of total endotoxin, which indicates the decreased reserve potential of the immunity of the bulbar conjunctiva.

Conclusion. Antiseptic with picloxidine dihydrochloride 0.05% in the eye drops Piktorid-SOLOpharm is a broad spectrum drug in the treatment of infectious conjunctivitis in children without significant side effects.
Water as a common good? Academic differences and their impact on the 2023 United Nations Water Conference
Authors: Vinciguerra Tebaldo
Published: August 2024

Numerous statements referring to water as a common good accompanied the 2023 United Nations Water Conference. However, people seem to have a different understanding of what is at stake and different intentions when using the same concepts. These discrepancies could be explained by the academic differences between economists, lawyers, and human rights activists which are presented in the first part of the research. Successively, in order to assess the impact of academic peculiarities in such a high-level event, a list of quotes from influential sources related to the conference has been compiled and analyzed. The findings cannot be interpreted as a robust indication about the influence of different disciplines during the Water Conference, since this work relies on a limited number of quotes only. Still, it has been possible to identify patterns among speakers which correspond to academic differences. In conclusion, a more collective engagement in defining terms is needed for the sake of effectiveness in addressing water-related challenges at all levels.
LINGUAGEM DE PROGRAMAÇÃO JULIA
Authors: Carneiro Neto José Aprígio , Dos Santos Lima Gabriel
Published: August 2024

Na ciência da computação, são prevalentes diversas línguas de programação para solução de problemas interdisciplinares, seja o Matlab para cálculo numérico, R para estatística, análise de dados com Python, entre outras. No entanto, neste contexto, existe uma curva de aprendizado associada ao domínio da linguagem de programação utilizada, portanto, um projeto que englobe duas ou mais ferramentas distintas no seu fluxo de operação tende a requerer um maior aprendizado e esforço de integração. Como alternativa, a linguagem de programação Julia oferece uma saída prática, disponibilizando uma série de ricas bibliotecas focadas no uso científico da computação nos mais diversos domínios do conhecimento, permitindo o uso de uma única linguagem de programação para o todo de um projeto. Diante desse contexto, este artigo teve por objetivo fazer uma contextualização da linguagem de programação Julia, mostrando o seu ecossistema e identificando os principais diferenciais que a linguagem possui em relação as demais linguagens utilizadas. Além disso, esta pesquisa teve a oportunidade de explorar algumas aplicações científicas que demonstram a capacidade da linguagem de programação Julia na prática, bem como explorar as suas vantagens e desvantagens.
Based on SIRT1/NF-κB/NLRP3 Signal Pathway to Explore the Effect of Yiqi Huatan Huoxue Recipe on Inflammatory Injury in AIT Mice by Pyroptosis
Authors: Zhao Zhuo , Liu Ziyu , Song Nan , Cao Huimin , Chen Yiran , Chen Si , Wang Zhimin , Jin Zhe , Yang Xiao
Published: August 2024

Objective:

Autoimmune thyroiditis (AIT) is the most common autoimmune thyroid
disease. In recent decades, its incidence and prevalence have sharply increased. Yiqi Huatan Huoxue
recipe is a traditional Chinese medicine formula we use to treat AIT. Its clinical efficacy is
clear, but the specific mechanism remains unclear. This study aims to explore whether pyroptosis
mediated by the SIRT1/NF-κB/NLRP3 signaling pathway is one of the therapeutic mechanisms
of Yiqi Huatan Huoxue recipe.

Methods:

Forty 8-week-old female NOD.H-2h4 mice were randomly divided into four groups:
the normal group (NG), model group (MG), Yiqi Huatan Huoxue recipe group (YG), and western
medicine group (selenium yeast tablet, SeG). The normal group was gavaged with distilled
water, while the remaining groups were gavaged with 0.05% sodium iodide (NaI) solution for 8
weeks. After the AIT animal model formed naturally, the mice were euthanized by gavage after
8 weeks. Hematoxylin-eosin staining was used to observe thyroid tissue changes, and enzymelinked
immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect serum anti-thyroglobulin antibodies
(TGAb) and mouse anti-thyroid peroxidase antibodies (TPOAb). Real-time quantitative PCR
(qRT-PCR), Western blot, and immunohistochemistry were used to detect the expression of
sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), nuclear factor κB p65 (NF-κB p65), nod-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3),
apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a caspase recruitment domain (ASC), caspase-
1, gasdermin D (GSDMD), and interleukin (IL)-1β in thyroid tissue.

Results:

Compared with the NG group, the thyroid structure of rats in the MG group was severely
damaged, with significant lymphocyte infiltration, significantly increased serum TGAb and
TPOAb levels, and significantly increased expression levels of SRIT1, NF-κB p65, NLRP3,
ASC, Caspase-1, GSDMD, IL-1β mRNA, and protein. Compared with the MG group, the thyroid
structure damage and lymphocyte infiltration in rats of each treatment group were improved,
and the serum TGAb, TPOAb, SRIT1, NF-κB p65, NLRP3, ASC, Caspase-1, GSDMD,
IL-1β mRNA, and protein expression levels were significantly reduced.

Conclusion:

Yiqi Huatan Huoxue recipe can alleviate thyroid structural damage in AIT mice,
and its mechanism may be related to the upregulation of SIRT1, NF-κB deacetylation, and inhibition
of NLRP3-mediated pyroptosis.
Electroacupuncture Ameliorates Knee Osteoarthritis By Rebalancing T Cell Homeostasis as Revealed By Immune Repertoire (IR) Sequencing
Authors: Jia Wenrui , Zhang Yunan , Wang Tianqi , Liu Cunzhi , Tu Jianfeng , Shi Guangxia , Cai LingYi , Yang Jingwen , Huang Guangrui
Published: August 2024

Background:

In this study, we used immune repertoire (IR) sequencing technology to
profile the diversity of peripheral blood T cell receptors and used transcriptomics to profile the
gene expression of peripheral blood neutrophil mRNA in patients with mild-moderate knee osteoarthritis
(KOA) before and after electroacupuncture (EA) treatment.

Methods:

An 8-week intervention with EA was performed on 3 subjects with KOA. IR sequencing
of complementarity determining region 3 (CDR3) was performed using RNA extracted from
peripheral blood T cells of KOA subjects prior to and at the end of the intervention, as well as
healthy volunteers (controls) who matched the subjects in sex and age. Neutrophils were extracted
from the plasma of healthy individuals, pretreatment patients, and posttreatment patients for
further transcriptome sequencing.

Results:

The D50, diversity index (DI), and Shannon entropy values of circulatory T-cells were
significantly lower in pretreatment KOA patients compared to healthy controls. Posttreatment
KOA samples displayed significant decreases in serum proinflammatory factors, IL-8 and IL-18
(P < 0.01), as well as a substantial reduction in serum matrix MMP-3 and MMP-13 (P < 0.01, P
< 0.05). Transcriptome analysis revealed that the expression of CXCL2, IRF8, and PEAR1 (P <
0.05) was significantly higher in patients before the treatment than in the healthy population and
was significantly down-regulated after the treatment. In contrast, the expression of SMPD3 (P <
0.05) showed the opposite trend.

Conclusion:

EA may alleviate KOA by rebalancing T-cell homeostasis and improving systemic
inflammation. At the same time, EA treatment can significantly enhance TCR diversity, reduce
levels of proinflammatory factors, and increase levels of anti-inflammatory factors, thereby
achieving therapeutic effects.
Therapeutic Effects of Arctiin on Alzheimer's Disease-like Model in Rats by Reducing Oxidative Stress, Inflammasomes and Fibrosis
Authors: Almeaqli Mohamed T. , Alaidaa Yazeed , Alnajjar Faisal M. , Al Shararh Abdullah S. , Alharbi Danah S. , Almslmani Yazeed I. , Alotibi Yousef A. , Alrashidi Hani S. , Alshehri Wael A. , Hassan Hanan M. , Al-Gayyar Mohammed M.H.
Published: August 2024

Background:

Alzheimer's disease (AD) affects approximately 50 million people globally
and is expected to triple by 2050. Arctiin is a lignan found in the Arctium lappa L. plant. Arctiin
possesses anti-proliferative, antioxidative and anti-adipogenic.

Objectives:

We aimed to explore the potential therapeutic effects of Arctiin on rats with AD by
evaluating the expression of TLR4, NLRP3, STAT3, TGF-β, cyclin D1, and CDK2.

Methods:

AD was induced in rats by administering 70 mg/kg of aluminum chloride through intraperitoneal
injection daily for six weeks. After inducing AD, some rats were treated with 25
mg/kg of Arctiin daily for three weeks through oral gavage. Furthermore, to examine the brain tissue
structure, hippocampal sections were stained with hematoxylin/eosin and anti-TLR4 antibodies.
The collected samples were analyzed for gene expression and protein levels of TLR4, NLRP3,
STAT3, TGF-β, cyclin D1, and CDK2.

Results:

In behavioral tests, rats showed a significant improvement in their behavior when treated
with Arctiin. Microimages stained with hematoxylin/eosin showed that Arctiin helped to improve
the structure and cohesion of the hippocampus, which was previously impaired by AD. Furthermore,
Arctiin reduced the expression of TLR4, NLRP3, STAT3, TGF-β, cyclin D1, and CDK2.

Conclusion:

Arctiin can enhance rats’ behavior and structure of the hippocampus in AD rats. This
is achieved through its ability to reduce the expression of both TLR4 and NLRP3, hence inhibiting
the inflammasome pathway. Furthermore, Arctiin can improve tissue fibrosis by regulating
STAT3 and TGF-β. Lastly, it can block the cell cycle proteins cyclin D1 and CDK2.
Enhancement of Anticancer Potential of Artemisinin Derivatives through N-glycosylation
Authors: Sharma Kiran
Published: August 2024

:

Cancer cells have significantly higher intracellular free-metal ions levels than normal
cells, and it is well known that artemisinin (ART) molecules or its derivatives sensitize cancer
cells when its endoperoxide moiety combines with metal ions, resulting in the production of reactive
oxygen species, lysosomal degradation of ferritin, or regulation of system Gpx4 leading to
apoptosis, ferroptosis or cuproptosis. Artemisinin derivatives (ADs) are reported to interfere more
efficiently with metal-regulatory-proteins (MRPs) controlling iron/copper homeostasis by interacting
with cytoplasmic unbound metal ions and thereby promoting the association of MRP to mRNA
molecules carrying the respective sequences. However, the simple artemisinin analogues are
required to be administered in higher doses with repeated administration due to low solubility and
smaller plasma half-lives. To overcome these problems, amino ARTs were introduced which are
found to be more stable, and later on, a series of ARTs derivatives containing sugar moiety was developed
in search of analogues having good water solubility and high pharmacological activity.
This review focuses on the preparation of N-glycosylated amino-ART analogues with their application
against cancer. The intrinsic capability of glycosylated ART compounds is to give sugar--
containing substrates, which can bind with lectin galectin-8 receptors on the cancer cells making
these compounds more specific in targeting cancer. Various AD mechanism of action against cancer
is also explored with clinical trials to facilitate the synthesis of newer derivatives. In the future,
the latest nano-techniques can be used to create formulations of such compounds to make
them more target-specific in cancer.
The Role of Dietary Anthocyanins for Managing Diabetes Mellitus-Associated Complications
Authors: Mistry Priya S. , Chorawala Mehul R. , Sivamaruthi Bhagavathi Sundaram , Prajapati Bhupendra G. , Kumar Akash , Chaiyasut Chaiyavat
Published: August 2024

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is an intricate metabolic disorder marked by persistent hyperglycemia,
arising from disruptions in glucose metabolism, with two main forms, type 1 and type
2, involving distinct etiologies affecting β-cell destruction or insulin levels and sensitivity. The
islets of Langerhans, particularly β-cells and α-cells, play a pivotal role in glucose regulation,
and both DM types lead to severe complications, including retinopathy, nephropathy, and neuropathy.
Plant-derived anthocyanins, rich in anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, show
promise in mitigating DM-related complications, providing a potential avenue for prevention and
treatment. Medicinal herbs, fruits, and vegetables, abundant in bioactive compounds like phenolics,
offer diverse benefits, including glucose regulation and anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anticancer,
anti-mutagenic, and neuroprotective properties. Anthocyanins, a subgroup of polyphenols, exhibit
diverse isoforms and biosynthesis involving glycosylation, making them potential natural replacements
for synthetic food colorants. Clinical trials demonstrate the efficacy and safety of anthocyanins
in controlling glucose, reducing oxidative stress, and enhancing insulin sensitivity in diabetic
patients, emphasizing their therapeutic potential. Preclinical studies revealed their multifaceted
mechanisms, positioning anthocyanins as promising bioactive compounds for managing diabetes
and its associated complications, including retinopathy, nephropathy, and neuropathy.
Synthesis of Polyaniline/BiPr Composite Oxide Nanowires with Enhanced Electrochemical Sensing Performance
Authors: Feng Chenxu , Ban Zhangjie , Huang Jianfeng , Zhang Yong , Cai Zhengyu , Pei Lizhai
Published: August 2024

Background:

Considerable interest has been devoted to electrochemical sensors for the
detection of L-cysteine using BiPr-based oxide-modified electrodes due to high specific surface area
and good electro-catalytic activity with several oxidation states. The combination of the BiPr composite
oxide nanowires with polyaniline (PAn) can promote the electro-catalytic performance towards Lcysteine
because PAn can facilitate the electro-catalytic process by enhancing the charge transfer.

Methods:

PAn/BiPr composite oxide nanowires were obtained via low temperature one-step hydrothermal
route. The obtained composite oxide nanowires were analyzed by X-ray diffraction, electron
microscopy, and electrochemical methods.

Results:

Characterization results indicate that amorphous PAn nanoparticles with a size of about 50
nm are homogeneously dispersed at the surface of the BiPr composite oxide nanowires. PAn/BiPr
composite oxide nanowire-modified electrode shows an enhanced L-cysteine electro-catalytic activity.
PAn promotes electro-catalytic activity of the BiPr composite oxide nanowires. A pair of
quasi-reversible cyclic voltammetry (CV) peaks exist at +0.49 V, -0.19 V, respectively. PAn/BiPr
composite oxide nanowire modified electrode possesses a linear response in L-cysteine concentration
of 0.001-2 mM and detection limit of 0.095 μM, good repeatability, and stability.

Conclusion:

PAn/BiPr composite oxide nanowires act as effective electro-catalysts for L-cysteine
oxidation resulting in the enhancement of the electro-catalytic activity relative to BiPr composite
oxide nanowires.
Boosting VANET Potential with Optimal RSU Deployment Using Virus
Optimization Algorithm
Authors: Sharma Ayushi , Pandey Kavita
Published: August 2024

Background:

A vehicular ad hoc network (VANET) is a combination of wireless and
mobile networks that comprises connected vehicles, and immobile nodes placed on the roads called
roadside units (RSUs). RSUs help vehicles find information, improve communication amongst vehicles,
and provide help with signal acknowledgement and violation, traffic safety and driving
awareness.

Objective:

The main obstacle for VANET though is the deployment of RSUs. In order to lower the
cost of the VANET and increase coverage, the goal is to deploy the fewest possible RSUs.

Method:

A virus optimization algorithm (VOA) has been implemented on the VANET architecture
to help achieve this goal.

Results:

The major accomplishment of this article is the optimal deployment of RSUs in VANET
and through the simulation it was found that with the application of VOA, the number of RSUs deployed
could be reduced by 58.3%. In addition, this work focuses on enhancing the VANET performance
on various metrics such as throughput, energy consumption, packet delivery ratio, end
delay and packet loss ratio. The performance of VOA is also compared with some latest predominant
algorithms used for optimization such as Genetic Algorithm (GA) and Particle Swarm Optimization
(PSO).

Conclusion::

According to the findings, VOA outperforms PSO and GA in terms of enhanced
VANET performance and the most effective RSU deployment.
Quantitative Tests for Lipid Detection
Authors: Joshi Sai , Hait Sinchan , Garde Pranali
Published: August 2024

Quantification of lipids can be broadly classified into the following methods:
gravimetric analysis, which employs the principle of phase separation, the acid value is
based on the property of rancidity of fats, saponification value which relies on alkali
required to saponify (hydrolyze) lipids containing mixture, iodine value depends on the
interaction of fats with halogen iodine, and blood cholesterol estimation determines the
cholesterol level by cholesterol esterase enzyme-based assay. These assays have been
explained in detail in this chapter. Advanced techniques used for lipid quantification
utilize the principles of chromatography (Thin-layer chromatography, gas
chromatography, and HPLC) and spectroscopy (infrared spectroscopy, Raman
spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resistance spectroscopy, and fluorescence
spectroscopy), and different colourimetric assays are discussed in detail in this chapter.
The Role of Genetics and Hormones in Women’s Health
Authors: Meena Keerti , Kumari Sapna , Mishra Sudhanshu , Saini Manoj , Chauhan Jyoti Singh
Published: August 2024

Women are considered to be multi-taskers because they are capable of
straddling multiple responsibilities in their daily lives. They are the most important
pillars of our society, yet most rarely take time to care for their health and well-being.
With the tremendous changes in Women's lifestyles and societal responsibilities over
the previous ten years, mortality rates have changed, giving women less of an edge.
Women's health concerns are increasing, and health issues such as breast cancer,
repeated pregnancy loss, and delayed pregnancy have been noted due to poor
knowledge, myths, and misunderstandings regarding Women's health. We must dig
deep into the genetic foundation and hormonal factors to achieve the aforementioned
objectives. However, genetics also have a vital impact on women’s health.
Chromosome abnormalities, submicroscopic chromosome duplication and deletions,
and DNA sequence differences in the genes that regulate several biological processes,
including hormone signaling, are among the genetic anomalies that cause health
problems in females. Contrarily, hormones are the second most essential factor in
determining a woman’s health after genes. They have a significant impact on
everything, from menstruation to pregnancy and beyond. Understanding the complexity
of women’s hormones can help women make educated decisions about their health and
well-being. The most common genetic and hormonal problems affecting women are
this chapter's primary focus, which also provides an overview of some recent
developments that may offer a potential cure.