bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Asymptomatic falciparum and Non-falciparum Malarial Parasitemia in Adult Volunteers with and without HIV-1 Coinfection in a Cohort Study in Western Kenya
Authors: Kifude Carolyne , Stiffler Deborah , Rockabrand David , Miller Robin , Parsons Emily , Ocholla Stephen , Dizon Nathaniel I. , Torrevillas Brandi K. , Waitumbi John , Oyieko Janet , Luckhart Shirley , Stewart V. Ann
Published: June 2021

Asymptomatic malarial parasitemia represents the largest reservoir of infection and transmission, and the impact of coinfection with HIV-1 on this reservoir remains incompletely described. Accordingly, we sought to determine the prevalence of asymptomatic malarial parasitemia in Kombewa, Western Kenya, a region that is endemic for both malaria and HIV-1. A total of 1,762 dried blood spots were collected from asymptomatic adults in a cross-sectional study. The presence of parasitemia was first determined by a sensitive Plasmodium genus–specific 18S assay, followed by less sensitive species-specific DNA-based quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays. The prevalence of asymptomatic malarial parasitemia by 18S genus-specific PCR assay was 64.4% (1,134/1,762). Of the 1,134 malaria positive samples, Plasmodium falciparum was the most prevalent species (57.4%), followed by Plasmodium malariae (3.8%) and Plasmodium ovale (2.6%) as single or mixed infections. As expected, the majority of infections were below the detection limit of microscopy and rapid diagnostic tests. HIV-1 prevalence was 10.6%, and we observed a significant association with malarial parasitemia by χ2 analysis (P = 0.0475). Seventy-one percent of HIV-1 infected volunteers were positive for Plasmodium 18S (132/186), with only 29% negative (54/186). In HIV-1-negative volunteers, the proportion was lower; 64% were found to be positive for 18S (998/1,569) and 36% were negative (571/1,569). Overall, the prevalence of asymptomatic malarial parasitemia in Western Kenya is high, and knowledge of these associations with HIV-1 infection are critically important for malaria elimination and eradication efforts focused on this important reservoir population.
John Mbiti on the Monotheistic Attribution of African Traditional Religions: A Refutation
Authors: Oyekan Adeolu Oluwaseyi
Published: June 2021

John Mbiti, in his attempt to disprove the charge of paganism by EuroAmerican ethnographic and anthropological scholars against African Traditional Religions argues that traditional African religions are monotheistic. He insists that these traditional religious cultures have the same conception of God as found in the Abrahamic religions. The shared characteristics, according to him are foundational to the spread of the “gospel” in Africa. Mbiti’s effort, though motivated by the desire to refute the imperial charge of inferiority against African religions ran, I argue, into a conceptual and descriptive conflation of ATRs with monotheistic faiths. In this paper, I challenge the superimposition of Judeo-Christian categories upon African religions. I argue that monotheism is just a strand, out of many, that expresses belief in God(s), and that it differs substantially from the polytheistic pre-colonial African understanding of religion. I provide a panentheistic paradigm using traditional Igbo ontology and religion to refute Mbiti’s generalization.

Keywords: Monotheism, African Traditional Religion, Igbo, Paganism, Theology.
In the Name of God? Religion, Silence and Extortion
Authors: Sanni John Sodiq
Published: June 2021

This article critically analyses the role religion (I refer here to Islam and Christianity) has played in promoting silence and extortion in  Africa with particular reference to Nigeria. In my philosophical analysis, African and Western literatures will guide my reflection on religion, the role it played in advancing the colonial agenda and its use in today’s African societies. This analysis seeks to present a case for the position that the colonial debris of disempowerment, injustices, manipulation, and extortion are still very much part of African society. They have only assumed new outlooks and language, thus plunging many Africans into silence in the face of what is often presented as sacred and unknown. The desired aim of this article is to present a philosophical critique of religion by comparing it with  existing use of religion in Africa, especially Nigeria.

Keywords: Religion, Christianity, Extortion, Silence, Nigeria, Injustice
“The Community and the Individual – Revisiting the Relevance of Afro-Communism”: A Response to MF Asiegbu and AC Ajah
Authors: Enweh Innocent I.
Published: June 2021

In a carefully and strongly worded critique, Asiegbu and Ajah have sought to close the dossier on Afro-communalist project by extollings lipsistic individualism which makes the individual an anarchic unit. Using the Okonkwo saga in Achebe’s [Things Fall Apart] to justify this type of individualism Asiegbu and Ajah bypassed, on the social plane, the ethical principle of individualism and Afro- communalism as forms of humanism. According to these critics, Afro-communalism is conformist, counterproductive, ambiguous, unsuccessful and irrelevant, and therefore should be discarded. The objective of this response is to show that an interpretative  rehabilitation of Afro-communalism is opportune for elaborating a form of egalitarian society that would be responsive to the exigencies of African social-economic condition in a globalized world. The paper defends the view that while Afro-communalism in its ideological form was partly successful as an instrument for decolonization, its failure to achieve emancipation makes it an incomplete project. In its philosophical outfit, it appears despite its contributions, trapped in a vicious cycle because of the inability of some of its interpreters to provide it with a robust foundation. While as an ideology, it appropriated the economic relation model of scientific socialism, as a philosophy, it has under certain forms, continued to insist on the kinship/tribal relation model. Unfortunately, these two models lack the requisite institutional mechanisms for making Afro-communalism leverage on state or national life. Using descriptive and analytic methods, the paper argues that while Western individualist cultural attitude safeguarded by a contractual social relation model remains an authentic form of humanism, Afrocommunalism in its traditional form needs, if it has to respond adequately to contemporary human experiences, to transit from the kinship/tribal model to amity of ethnic nationalities model.

Keywords: solipsistic individualism, socialism, egalitarianism, anarchy, amity-of-ethic nationalities.
Aripiprazole ameliorates scopolamine-induced amnesia in mice
Authors: Adedayo Lawrence , Offor Godgift , Jolayemi Olalekan , Ojo Gideon , Bamidele Olubayode , Ojo Alaba , Emmanuel Timothy , Aitokhuehi Nimedia , Onasanwo Samuel , Ayoka Abiodun
Published: June 2021

Aripiprazole, a known third generation anti-psychotic drug. The drug has shown to have lesser side effects on extrapyramidal system and enhance memory when compared with the first-generation anti-psychotic drugs. However, studies on the impact of aripiprazole on scopolamine-induced memory impairment in mice have been poorly reported. This study was designed to investigate the impact of aripiprazole on scopolamine-induced amnesia in mice. Thirtysix (36) mice weighing between 20-23g were randomly divided into six groups. Group 1 was given 10 ml/kg distilled water. Group 2 received 3 mg/kg scopolamine alone. Group 3 was given 1 mg/kg  donepezil. Group 4 received 0.5 mg/kg aripiprazole. Group 5 was given 0.3 mg/kg aripiprazole. Group 6 received 0.1mg/kg aripiprazole. Thirty minutes after administration of either aripiprazole or donepezil, scopolamine (3 mg/kg) was administered, intraperitoneally. The administration was for 7days, during which their memory was assessed using Morris water maze and Y-maze models. The results showed that the anti-amnesic effect of aripiprazole appeared to be dosedependent; the animals administered with 0.5 mg/kg aripiprazole showed the greatest improved memory performance against scopolamine-induced amnesia. The hippocampal and prefrontal cortex tissues displayed anti-amnesic potential of aripiprazole. Aripiprazole seems to improved memory performance against scopolamine-induced memory impairment in mice.

Keywords: Aripiprazole; Anti-amnesic; Scopolamine; Memory
Evaluation of heavy metal and microbial content of a multicomponent herbal preparation
Authors: Olumoh-Abdul Hidayah Ayodeji , Ayanniyi Rashidat Oluwafunke , Ojuade Fatimoh Idowu , Olufadi-Ahmed Haishat Yetunde , Onibon Zainab Oluwatosin
Published: June 2021

Herbal mixtures are extensively consumed globally for medicinal use due to the belief that they are safe and readily accessible. The herbal preparation (SHM), evaluated in this study, is made up of 7 plants found in Nigeria and it is used internally and externally for varieties of disease conditions. The heavy metals and microbial content of SHM was evaluated. Three batches of the SMH were analyzed for presence of heavy metals using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. The microbial load was also evaluated by determining the total viable yeast, mould and coliform bacteria count. The metal and microbial content of the samples were compared with WHO permissible limits and differences in concentration among the batches were determined. Fe (0.010-0.100 mg/L) and Zn (0.010-0.030 mg/L) detected were significantly (P<0.05) lower than the permissible limits while Cu, Pb and Cd were absent. A batch had total yeast and mould count (4.95 x 103Cfu/mL) above the permissible limit whereas the other batches were below the limit. Microorganisms (yeasts, mould like Aspergillus flavus and Rhizoctonia solani) were present in all the batches and hence SHM may not be safe for internal use.

Keywords: Herbal mixtures, Heavy metals, Microbial load, Atomic absorption spectrophotometer
The Quest for a Sure Foundation of Cognitive Beliefs: Karl Popper’s Fallibilist Critique of Rationalism and Empirisism
Authors: Ndianefo I
Published: June 2021

The question of sure foundation of cognitive beliefs is a problem in epistemology and has defied solution. Both rationalism and empiricism lead to a common philosophical dead end: all we know is idea so that the existence of the external world remains an unjustifiable posit. This realization unleashed epistemology from its foundationalist moorings and occasioned theoretical renunciations. Karl Popper is one of the formidable contemporary thinkers to break ranks with foundationalism. He abandoned the search for proof which is a fundamental assumption of foundationalism and asserted that such rejection is necessitated by virtue of the fallibility of human knowledge. He therefore held that our problem is to find better and bolder theories; and that critical preference counts, but not belief. The upshot is that the search for a sure foundation or certainty of our cognitive belief is a philosophical will o’ the wisp. All we need is a pragmatic choice of methods and theories to get on in the world.
Sufism Shat’h versus Surrealism Literature and Art
Authors: Abdollah Z
Published: June 2021

Resemblance of Surrealism and Sufism is very exciting. Surrealism, the influential avant-garde movement and offspring of 20th century Modernism, strives for truth by plumbing depths of psychic plane and going beyond concrete reality. Sufism, the Islamic mystical discipline, as well, involves a spiritual pilgrimage toward the Absolute Unity above and beyond all created real objects. Confrontation with supra-reality leads to similar paradoxical symptoms in both Surrealism and Sufism expressions. Pertinently, disclosures of Surrealists manifest in their art and literature; and present article tends to compare their substratum, principles and methods with those of Sufi’s ecstatic and theopathetic exclamations or shat’h. The comparison digs for deeper sources from which both Surrealism and Sufism flow, as they are believed to overlap hitherto.
Evaluating Recommended Literature Texts for Senior Basic Education in Nigeria
Authors: Obi EI , Akujobi OS
Published: June 2021

The beauty and usefulness of a literary piece lie basically on the author’s diction. The expression, ‘literary art’ stems from the fact that literary artists are able to create interesting works of art by proper manipulation of language(s) that among other things entertain and educate their reading audience. For young minds, literature is not only didactic; it also boosts their language acquisition. In recognition of the crucial roles played by literature, Anambra State Universal Basic Education Board recommended an appreciable number of textbooks for the study of literature in English. These books run from 2010-2011, 2011-2012, 2012-2013 academic sessions. The thrust of this study is to ascertain the grammatical level of the language of some of these texts, particularly the genres of prose and drama. Error analyses of three texts namely: Decree of the gods, Wishful Bliss and That’s My Girl randomly selected from basic 7-9 were carried out. Concord incongruity, omission/superfluous use of articles and misuse/omission of pronouns were specifically sought for. A simple survey design was adopted for the study and the errors were collated, analyzed and classified based on their types-syntactic, morphological, and concord errors. The study reveals that the texts are replete with concord errors, misuse of articles, omission and improper application of prepositions in structures. The implication of the findings in the teaching and learning of English is discussed and suggestions for improvement made.Key words: Literary art(ist), Language acquisition, Grammatical level, Error analysis, Concord incongruity, Articles and Pronouns
Agmag Igbo dka Ngwar n’kwalite Ezi Nchekwa na Nkwsiike haobodo
Authors: Nnyigide NM
Published: June 2021

Ka Najira nwerechara onwe ya n’af 1960, olileanya tt mamala ya b na ihe ga-adz mma. Mana ka oge na-aga, a chptara na ihe na-akawanye nj. Usoro chch d iche iche daptara. Nd am na nd nkt achala mana nd gara n’ihu na-akawanye nj. O bu ihe doro anya na chch ha b nke nchgbu na fnfju akpa. N’agbanyegh na Chineke ji aknaba na ngozi d iche wee ch Najira mma, ag ka na-af m ya n; iheegwu na oke j na-eme oge niile; tt nne na nna anagh akwnwuziri m ha gw akwkw; nd ntoroba gara mahadum enweghkwa r. Aj nd d etu a na-ebute gbaaghara n’obodo ma na-etinyekwa tt m Najira na mp d iche iche dka izu ohi, tr mmad, igbufu mmad, kwafu bara mmad dka mmiri, dgz. b ihe nd a kpalitere mm omenchcha chpta z d iche iche agmag Igbo, kachas ab ederede Igbo ga-esi nye aka n’ibelata aj nd a ma weta udo na ezi nchekwa ma kwalitekwa nkwusiike nke ohaobodo. N’ime nke a, a tlere ab ederede Igbo d iche iche iji chpta echiche nd odeeab Igbo gbasara nd chch obodo Najira nakwa aro na z d iche iche ha tptara a ga-esi wee belata aj nd a, ka e wee nwee ike kwalite ezi nchekwa na ganiihu obodo Najira.After the Nigerian independence in 1960, the expectation of many of her citizens was that things would be better. But as time went on, it was observed that things were becoming worse. Different systems of government emerged. The military and civilians ruled but situation went forth to be bad. It was obvious that their governance was bad and characterized with selfish interest. Notwithstanding that God blessed Nigeria with many resources; her citizens are still suffering from hunger; terrible things always happen; many parents could no longer afford their childrens’ school fees; youths that graduated from the university are unemployed. This kind of unhealthy situation brings about social instability and encourages some Nigerian to engage in different crimes like robbery, kidnapping, extra judicial killings, and murder of different kinds, etc. it is against this background that the researcher hopes to examine different ways the Igbo literature, especially the Igbo written poetry could help to control this ugly situation and bring about good security and also promote social stability. The study analyzed some written Igbo poems in order to observe the position of some Igbo poets concerning the situation of governance in Nigeria and their contributions on how to improve it, so as to promote good security and progress in Nigeria.
Stroke management in a Swiss community hospital – in close collaboration with a stroke centre
Authors: Erlebach Rolf , Gerrits Esther G. , Hess Michele , Bächli Esther
Published: June 2021

BACKGROUND
Despite the universal recognition that stroke is a major burden of public health in developed countries, little is known concerning its epidemiology and care outside of stroke centres. The objective of our study was to provide information concerning risk factors for stroke, stroke management and quality of care in a community hospital in Switzerland.

METHODS
Retrospective observational in-hospital study of adult stroke patients treated in a community hospital in Switzerland in collaboration with a nearby stroke centre. Patients were identified by the corresponding ICD-10 codes from July 2017 to December 2018.

RESULTS
We included 261 patients with a median age of 78 years (interquartile range [IQR] 68–85). Sixty-four percent (166) had ischaemic strokes, 18% (46) transient ischaemic attacks and 19% (49) intracranial bleeding. The most frequent risk factors were arterial hypertension in 195 (75%) patients, dyslipidaemia in 124 (48%) patients and overweight/obesity in 102 (39%). Dyslipidaemia and atrial fibrillation were undiagnosed at admission in 47 (38%) and 16 (27%) patients, respectively. Ninety-one (37%) patients with an out-of-hospital stroke presented within 4.5 hours after symptom onset. Intravenous thrombolysis was initiated in 27 patients (49% of the out-of-hospital ischaemic strokes presenting within 4.5 hours) and the median door-to-needle time was 55 minutes (IQR 40–67) and within 60 minutes in 16 (59%) patients. The most frequent poststroke complications were aspiration pneumonia in 22 (8%) followed by urinary tract infection in 14 (5%). The referral rate to a stroke centre or neurosurgical unit was 18%.

CONCLUSION
Our findings support further education of the population in recognition of stroke symptoms and assessment of cardiovascular risk factors according to guidelines. Telemedical cooperation with a local stroke centre can result in adequate quality of care in these patients.
Are we fit to teach? A survey in physicians of the in- and outpatient departments of internal medicine at a Swiss university hospital
Authors: Meienberg Andrea , Mayr Michael , Bassetti Stefano , Potlukova Eliska
Published: June 2021

AIM OF THE STUDY
Teaching is one of the three pillars of medical-academic activity, alongside patient care and research. The aim of our study was to assess current teaching practice in the medical departments of the University Hospital Basel, Switzerland, in order to organise a faculty development programme tailored to local needs.

METHODS
We performed a cross-sectional online survey among the teaching faculty and the residents. For both groups, we assessed their estimation of the general importance and perceived frequency of various teaching formats in everyday practice. Additionally, we asked the senior physicians to evaluate their teaching competencies and the residents to state their opinion on factors promoting a positive learning experience.

RESULTS
Twenty-eight of 34 senior physicians (82%) and 48 of 90 residents (53%) participated in the study. Both groups broadly agreed on the importance of various teaching formats for the professional development of physicians, placing particular importance on bedside teaching, providing feedback, teaching during case discussions, and observation and modeling. However, the residents perceived that they obtained less teaching, feedback and support than the senior physicians perceived they were giving. Overall, teaching during case discussions represented the format most often applied, and it was also the one in which the senior physicians felt most competent. Residents claimed “time” to be the most important factor promoting a positive learning experience, followed by a positive attitude und the personal characteristics of the supervisor.

CONCLUSION
Our study shows that, despite being an integral part of everyday work at a university clinic, many aspects of current teaching practice allow discussion on possibilities of adaptations and improvement. Evaluation of current teaching practice provides the basis for designing a faculty development programme tailored to specific needs.
Appropriating spiritual help for traditional healing: why ancestors are needed
Authors: Beyers Jaco
Published: June 2021

This study investigates the use of traditional medicine by traditional healers in a South African context in the fight against Covid-19. Appropriating spiritual help in fighting the symptoms of the virus would be part of the treatment prescribed by traditional healers. This is not an evaluative study to judge whether traditional healing methods are valid or not. This is a descriptive exercise to show how traditional healers appropriate the help of the spiritual realm in the process of healing. Two different worldviews are discussed to indicate under which conditions the help of the spiritual realm is required in the healing process. The discussion of the porous and buffered worldviews provides insight into how people perceive their reality, and the influence of the spiritual realm in it. By describing how healing functions in an African (porous) worldview by adopting help from the spiritual realm, the importance of rituals as mediating actions, are emphasised. A porous worldview is not only found among African communities; several examples illustrate this. The conclusion drawn is that all illnesses and healing systems are culturally influenced, and one cannot be judged as being better or more efficacious than the other.
COVID-19 burial guidelines in Indigenous Knowledge Systems (IKS)
Authors: Maphela Bulelwa
Published: June 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic has had a considerable impact on mundane daily tasks and
significant cultural practices, including funerals and burials. Growing up, I observed that death in my family is a well-respected cultural process. It is believed that those who departed into the spirit world will be joining the living dead in the afterlife. For the deceased to be welcomed into the spirit world in the traditional sense, families perform specific rites of passage rituals during the burial. This is an important exercise to avert the wrath of the spirit world on the bereaved family. Attention to detail during these rituals is vital to assist the bereaved family in expressing their grief while simultaneously showing respect to the spirit world. As a nonpractising sangoma, I had observed traditional funeral and burial processes long before the outbreak of the pandemic and understood their importance. While the pandemic shook traditional burial processes and made some rituals impossible, I found comfort in the knowledge that indigenous knowledge systems (IKS) could be used to appease the spirit world. In this article, I explain how IKS can assist bereaved families during funerals and burials to avert the wrath of the spirit world and find closure.
ANALYZING THE STATUS OF WOMEN IN E-GOVERNANCE ERA OF BANGLADESH: CHALLENGES AND POTENTIALS
Authors: Zisan Tasnuva Habib
Published: June 2021

This study examines the present status of women in the context of Electronic governance initiatives in Bangladesh. As a developing country, Bangladesh is stepping toward achieving E-governance where there is always a debate of the digital divide. Hence, this study tries to explore the challenges faced by women for access to and control over resources specifically the Information and Communication Technology tools or devices. It also aims to unveil the potentials of women's access and usage of such resources. This study employs survey data collected from study areas. Both urban and rural areas are chosen to get an overall scenario of women's status. This study is conducted in an inductive approach and findings are analyzed in a qualitative approach. The result shows that the status of women in access and usage of ICT varies in urban and rural areas due to some common constraints. The major findings of the study suggest that Information and Communication Technology has some potential for women empowerment which is explained as a case study. In this era of E-governance, most women are still facing gendered challenges such as lack of control over resources, awareness, education, and cybersecurity.

JEL Classification Codes: H41, J70, O33, O38.
Table Algebra of Infinite Tables, Multiset Table Algebra, and their Relationship
Authors: Lysenko Iryna
Published: June 2021

The paper is focused on some theoretical questions of the table databases. Two mathematical formalisms such as table algebra of infinite tables and multiset table algebra are considered. Basic definitions referring to these formalisms are given. This paper also addresses the issue of the relationship between table algebra of infinite tables and multiset table algebra. It is proved that table algebra of infinite tables is not a subalgebra of multiset table algebra since it is not closed in relation to some signature operations of multiset table algebra. These signature operations are determined.
A Novel Fuzzy Logic Guided Method for Automatic gEUD-based Inverse Treatment Planning
Authors: Guo Caiping , Zhang Linhua , Peng Jiahui
Published: June 2021

Generalized equivalent uniform dose (gEUD) -based hybrid objective functions are widely used in intensity modulated radiotherapy (IMRT). To improve its efficiency, a novel fuzzy logic guided inverse planning method was developed for the automatic parameters optimization of the gEUD-based radiotherapy optimization. Simple inference rules were formulated according to the knowledge of the treatment planner. Then they automatically and iteratively guide the parameters modification according to the percentage of deviation between the current dose and the prescribed dose. weighting factors and prescribed dose were automatically adjusted by developed fuzzy inference system (FIS). The performance of the FIS was tested on ten prostate cancer cases. Experimental results indicate that proposed automatic method can yield comparable or better plans than manual method. The fuzzy logic guided automatic inverse planning method of parameters optimization can significantly improve the efficiency of the method of manually adjusting parameters, and contributes to the development of fully automated planning.
Depth Estimation for Monocular Image Based on Convolutional Neural Networks
Authors: Niu Binglin , Tang Mengxia , Chen Xuelin
Published: June 2021

Perceiving the three-dimensional structure of the surrounding environment and analyzing it for autonomous movement is an indispensable element for robots to operate in scenes. Recovering depth information and the three-dimensional spatial structure from monocular images is a basic mission of computer vision. For the objects in the image, there are many scenes that may produce it. This paper proposes to use a supervised end-to-end network to perform depth estimation without relying on any subsequent processing operations, such as probabilistic graphic models and other extra fine steps. This paper uses an encoder-decoder structure with feature pyramid to complete the prediction of dense depth maps. The encoder adopts ResNeXt-50 network to achieve main features from the original image. The feature pyramid structure can merge high and low level information with each other, and the feature information is not lost. The decoder utilizes the transposed convolutional and the convolutional layer to connect as an up-sampling structure to expand the resolution of the output. The structure adopted in this paper is applied to the indoor dataset NYU Depth v2 to obtain better prediction results than other methods. The experimental results show that on the NYU Depth v2 dataset, our method achieves the best results on 5 indicators and the sub-optimal results on 1 indicator.
Dijagnostika i liječenje inzulinoma u tvorova
Authors: Crnogaj Martina , Viličić Leona , Grden Darko , Jurkić Gabrijela , Gotić Jelena , Šmit Iva
Published: June 2021

Endokrini sustav je najčešće mjesto nastanka tumora u tvorova. Inzulinom je najčešće funkcionalan, neuroendokrini tumor β-stanica gušterače koji je prema pojavnosti na prvom mjestu, a na drugom je mjestu tumor nadbubrežne žlijezde. Za ovu je bolest kronična hipoglikemija karakteristična, kao i klinički simptomi poput ataksije stražnjih udova, letargije i kolapsa. Napretkom bolesti ozbiljnost kliničkih simptoma se povećava i konačno dolazi do nepovratnih cerebralnih lezija. Postavljanje dijagnoze inzulinoma temelji se na kombinaciji karakterističnih kliničkih simptoma i niske koncentracije glukoze u krvi. Terapija je medicinska ili kirurška ili njihova kombinacija. Cilj liječenja je stabilizacija pacijenta kroz određeno vremensko razdoblje te je vlasnicima potrebno objasniti da trajno izlječenje nije moguće. Ovo je istraživanje provedeno na 50 tvorova, što je činilo 17,5 % od ukupno zaprimljenih i pregledanih tvorova na Klinici za unutarnje bolesti Veterinarskog fakulteta u Zagrebu, u vremenskom razdoblju od 8 godina, a u kojih je postavljena dijagnoza inzulinoma. Uočena je blaga spolna predispozicija (češće u mužjaka) za razvoj ove bolesti te učestalija pojavnost u tvorova starije dobi. Najčešće opaženi klinički simptomi bili su: ataksija stražnjih ekstremiteta, letargija, kolaps, gubitak tjelesne mase i gubitak apetita. Na temelju dijagnostičkih podataka, potvrdili smo da je mjerenje koncentracije glukoze u krvi bio najčešći način postavljanja dijagnoze, s najčešća metoda liječenja bila je medikamentozna terapija korištenjem glukokortikoida.
Ovarian cysts in cattle
Authors: Mimoune Nora , Khelef Djamel , Kaidi Rachid
Published: June 2021

Ovarian cysts (OC) are among the major factors affecting dairy cattle fertility due to their impacts on reproductive performance. Extension of the calving-calving interval and the costs of treatmentassociated with this pathology are the main sources of economic losses for the dairy industry. This study involved conducting an epidemiological survey relating to ovarian cysts in cows based on the observations of veterinary practitioners in Algeria. This survey was performed using a questionnaire distributed to 103 practicing veterinarians in different regions of Algeria. According to the responses, OC dominated all ovarian diseases, followed by smooth ovaries and ovarian adhesions. Ovarian tumours were encountered very rarely. In general, veterinarians considered any follicular structure greater than 20 mm in diameter and persisting for at least 10 days to be cystic. The aetiology was multifactorial, and the following were cited: alimentation, high milk production, puerperal pathologies (metritis, retained placenta), postpartum, age, and winter season. Anoestrus was often the most observed behaviour in cystic cows, accompanied by changes in the genital tract, namely the cervix and uterus. As a consequence, in most cases, OC was associated with a delay of first insemination and conception. The use of hormones, especially PGF2α and GnRH, to treat OC was the most widely used method in the field. Clinical recovery was obtained approximately 11-15 days after the beginning of treatment, though the risk of recurrence was appreciable. The majority of vets interviewed promoted the preventionof OC. They advised breeders to improve feeding and hygiene conditions, especially during calving. Medical prevention was based on the use of hormones (PGF2α and GnRH). Though the survey showed varying results, they were generally consistent with the literature.
Školovanje konjskih vidara, kuršmida i veterinara na Veterinarskom fakultetu u Beču i drugim gradovima u današnjoj Austriji
Authors: Džaja Petar , Sinković Sonja , Palić Magdalena , Mihalj Josip , Severin Krešimir
Published: June 2021

U radu je prikazan razvoj veterinarskog školstva s posebnim osvrtom na današnji Ve¬terinarski fakultet u Beču, jer je nekada većina naših veterinara najčešće završavala fakultete u Beču, Budimpešti, Pragu, Lavovu i Italiji. Studij raznih oblika veterinarstva u liječnika i kirurga odvijao se na 4 načina u obliku: kraćih tečajeva iz veterinarstva, redovitog studija „veterinar¬stvo,“ poslijediplomskog studija odabranih liječnika i kirurga te posebnog oblika poslijediplomskog studija za medicinare i kirurge. U Bečkom veterinarskom zavodu bile su sljedeće kategorije učenika: obični kovači, poljodjelci, pastiri, lovci i ovčari, časnici, budući okružni liječnici i okružni ranarnici, slušači za pregled mesa i stoke, kuršmidi i pravi veterinari. Burnu povijest razvitka i preobrazbi Veterinarskog fakulteta u Beču prikazana je kroz nekoliko faza do današnjeg dana i to od: 1766.-1777. g., 1777.- 1795. g., 1795.-1808. g., 1808.-1812. g., 1812.- 1850. g., 1850.-1896. g., 1897.-1905. g., 1905.- 1919. g. i od 1912.-1976. g. do danas.
Case Study: Developing Computational Thinking Skill During Pandemic Situation
Authors: Wardana Mharta Adji , Pranoto Iwan
Published: June 2021

Computational thinking, as proposed by Seymour Papert in 1980, is the idea where the interaction between a student and computer can become a mental model, assisting the learning process. This idea becomes well known as constructivism. Thus, Papert believes that the computer presence or even the thinking of computer interaction may help the student think and learn better. It is more general than the present widely accepted perception of computational thinking, where it focuses on the utilization of computers in problem-solving only. This case study aims to describe how students can learn computational thinking through traditional curriculum and unplugged setting in this pandemic situation. Three middle school students participated in a concrete math lesson design in middle school lesson on linear function topic. The result indicates that….
ACCOUNTING INFORMATION QUALITY AND CORPORATE PERFORMANCE OF OIL AND GAS COMPANIES IN NIGERIA
Authors: Macgregor T.C. , Nwaiwu J.N
Published: June 2021

But knowing the unknown and therefore estimating the relationship between accounting information quality and corporate performance are still a difficult task. The aim of this empirical study is to explore the relationship between the accounting information quality and corporate performance of oil and gas companies in Nigeria. Data on different types of accounting information quality and return on equity were primarily collected from the respondents and analyzed using ordinary least square regression analysis the data with the aid of statistical package for social sciences version 25.0. The empirical result indicates that accounting information quality significantly relate to return n equity; explaining about 85.1% of the total variation in return and equity. Relevance, faithful representation was each found to significantly relate to return on equity. The study empirically conclude that accounting information quality has the potency to make significant contribution to quoted financial performance of oil and gas companies and recommends that having investigated theoretical and empirical issues, also considering the findings and conclusion, the following recommendations were made: There should be need for preparers of accounting information to improve on the accounting information quality devoid of window dressing and creative accounting, regular disclosure, transparency and accountability of such accounting information is required since investors are sensitive to qualitative and quantitative accounting information in assessing the performance of quoted oil companies in and outside Nigeria. Also in line with qualitative and quantitative of accounting information quality, financial statements of quoted oil companies in Nigeria should be prepared and presented according to laid down regulations and ethical standards duly observed to ensure accounting information presented for among users, most and public consumption do represent the oil companies’ economic reality during reported periods.
Pengaruh Pendidikan Karakter terhadap Motivasi Belajar Siswa
Authors: Fithriyaani Fathimah , Yudhyarta Deddy Yusuf , Syarifudin Syarifudin
Published: June 2021

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of character education on students' learning motivation at State Elementary School 019 Sungai Beringin, Tembilahan Indragiri Hilir Riau Indonesia. This research used a quantitative approach. A total of 74 students were selected to participate in this study using the proportional random sampling technique. Data collection techniques were questionnaires and documentation. The data analysis technique used was a simple regression test. Based on the results of data analysis on variable X, namely Character Education, it was found that 73.69% was categorized as strong. Then, based on the results of data analysis of variable Y, namely Student Learning Motivation, it was found that 77.39% was also categorized as strong. While the effect of character education on student learning motivation obtained Fcount ≥ Ftable = 20.92 ≥ 3.97, so Ho is rejected, which means that there was a positive and significant influence between character education on student learning motivation
Impact of unemployment on mental disorders, physical health and quality
of life: Findings from the Singapore Mental Health Study
Authors: Subramaniam Mythily , Lau Jue Hua , Abdin Edimansyah , Vaingankar Janhavi Ajit , Tan James Junda , Zhang Yunjue , Chang Sherilyn , Shahwan Shazana , Shafie Saleha , Sambasivam Rajeswari , Chong Siow Ann
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACT
Introduction: This study examines: (1) the employment rate among those with a mental disorder in the
12 months preceding the survey (referred henceforth as 12-month mental disorder); (2) the sociodemographic
correlates of unemployment; and (3) the association of unemployment with 12-month
mental disorders and chronic physical conditions in the adult resident population in Singapore.
Methods: Data are from the Singapore Mental Health Study 2016, a household survey of a nationally
representative sample of 6,126 Singapore residents. The Composite International Diagnostic Interview
(CIDI) was used to assess mental disorders and physical health conditions. Employment-related
information was collected using a modified employment module of the CIDI.
Results: Of the 6,125 participants who took part in the study, 4,055 (72%) were employed, 1,716 (22.7%)
were economically inactive, and 354 (5.3%) were unemployed. The unemployment rate was twice as
high among those with a 12-month mental disorder (11.5%) than those without (4.8%). The proportion
of unemployed individuals increased sharply with the increasing severity of mental disorders. Being
married and higher household income were significantly associated with a higher likelihood of being
employed than unemployed. In contrast, the presence of one 12-month mental disorder was significantly
associated with a lower likelihood of being employed.
Conclusion: Our findings provide information on the significant association of mental disorders with
unemployment. Clinicians should remain vigilant and consider the loss of employment a potential risk
factor for adverse physical and mental health changes. Management of unemployed patients with a
combination of pharmacotherapy and work-directed interventions can facilitate their re-entry into the
workforce and improve health outcomes.

Keywords: Employment, epidemiology, mental health, survey
Access to justice: an evaluation of the informal justice systems
Authors: Ahmad Jawad , Wangenheim Georg Von
Published: June 2021

The judicial system of any state can be divided into formal and informal, where the formal is under the state (official) and informal may or may not be under the domain of the state (informal justice system). Since both systems provide access to justice, the informal system is viewed as a threat to the formal justice system. In this context, we need to understand better the role played by the informal justice systems. We have focused on three fundamental issues, first to evaluate the role of the alternate and informal justice system in improving access to justice. Second, we listed weaknesses in informal justice systems that give us an insight into our third goal of suggesting a framework for engaging the informal justice system and improving its shortcomings which can help support or reduce the burden on the formal system. Because of the absence of relevant literature, we resorted to empirical reports and case studies on other developing countries to present our arguments. We showed that the informal system plays a positive role in society, and the systems need to be reformed, especially for its negative traits, e.g., human rights.
Effect of Pinching on Growth and Quality Flower Production of Chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum indicum L.)
Authors: Ehsanullah Md , Tarapder Shofiul Azam , Maukeeb Abu Rashed Md , Khan Anayat Ullah , Khan Ahasan Ullah
Published: June 2021

A field study conceded to assess the effect of pinching on growth and quality flowers yield of chrysanthemum at Horticulture Research Centre (HRC), Gazipur, Bangladesh. The research was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with six treatments and three replications. The treatment combinations were as T0- No pinching, T1- Once 40 days, T2- Once 50 days, T3- Once 60 days, T4- Twice 40 and 50 days and T5- Thrice 40, 50 and 60 days. It was observed that the highest plant height 60cm in no pinching (T0) and the lowest 45 cm was recorded by pinching the plants thrice (T5). Days of the first flowering (57 days) was observed where no pinching was followed and significantly delay in flowering (68 days) was recorded in in pinching the plants thrice (T5). The highest number of branches (12) was recorded in pinching the plants thrice (T5) and the lowest number of branches (05) in no pinching (T0). The maximum number of leaves (235) was recorded in pinching the plants thrice (T5) and minimum number of leaves (200) was observed in no pinching (T0). The treatment T5 (pinching the plants thrice) attained maximum plant spread (30 cm) and the treatment T0 (no pinching) attained minimum plant spread (17cm). The highest number of flower (45) was recorded in pinching the plants thrice (T5) treatment and the lowest flower (28) was observed in T0 treatment. Among the six treatment, T5 (pinching the plants thrice) showed the highest efficacy and it could be used as treatment in cultivation of Chrysanthemum indicum for growth and quality flower production.
Identification characteristics of non-smoking tobacco products
Authors: Kalashnikov S. V. , Shkidyuk M. V.
Published: June 2021

Modern trends in the reduction of cigarette consumption have led to the spread of smokeless tobacco and non-tobacco nicotine-containing products [1]; their variety creates certain problems with the identification of products in this segment. Sucking tobacco (snus) has been banned in the Russian Federation for wholesale and retail trade since 2015, but it is a product similar to chew- ing tobacco in packaging, ingredient composition and physiological effects. Therefore, establishing the identification characteristics of chewing tobacco is an urgent task. The attitude towards chewing tobacco is controversial. The absence of the smoldering / burning process characteristic of cigarettes indicates a decrease in the harmful effect on the human body. At the same time, the physiological ef- fect on the consumer is based on the effect of nicotine extracted from tobacco through the oral mucosa. Consumer indicators of samples of smokeless tobacco / non-tobacco nicotine-containing products have been investigated: moisture content, fractional composition and nicotine content. The moisture content of samples of non-smoking products ranges from 19,0 % to 36,5 %. The nicotine content in the investigated tobacco / non-tobacco products is 0,3–2,4 % / 1,0–8,8 % respectively. To establish the identification signs of smokeless tobacco products the following methods have been used: product fractionation, optical microscopy, spectrophotometry, and liquid chromatography / tandem mass spectrometry (LCMS / MS). The main feature of the difference between smokeless tobacco products and non-tobacco nicotine-containing products has been determined – the presence of tobacco in the ingredient composition, confirmed by the structure of the product and the content of specific tobacco nitrosamines. As a result of the research, experimental data were obtained on the quantitative determination of the content of tobacco specific nitrosamines by the LCMS / MS method in smokeless tobacco products. The main identification feature of chewing tobacco has been established: the presence of raw tobacco in the ingredient composition with a coarse fraction content is at least 15 %.
Drinks based on milk whey using fruit syrup from wild plants
Authors: Kolotiy T. B. , Kovalenko Z. S.
Published: June 2021

Recently, there has been an increasing interest in whey drinks. It is possible to expand the range of whey drinks and regulate their nutritional value due to the wide use of a variety of fillers. Non-traditional local plant materials can be used as fillers. The products of processing (powders, juices, syrups) of fruits and berries are more and more widely used. The value of wild fruits, along with a pleasant taste, is determined by the content of vitamins, minerals, antioxidants and other biologically active substances that play an important role in human nutrition, regulate metabolic processes, and affect the functions of individual organs. The aim of the research is to study the effect of fruit syrups on the nutritional value of whey drinks. The fruits of the following wild plants are consid- ered as the objects: common viburnum (Viburnum opulus), cinnamon rosehip (Rosa cinnamomeal), raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.). The choice of raspberries, rose hips and viburnum as raw materials for enriching drinks is due to the high content of biologically active substances, such as vitamins C, B, E, a fairly large raw material base, environmental friendliness, and availability. The article considers the results of the use of fruit syrups obtained from rose hips, viburnum and raspberries in the preparation of whey drinks. The influence of the dosage of fruit syrups (5 %, 10 % and 15 %) on the organoleptic and physicochemical indicators of the quality of whey drinks has been established. The optimal dosages of syrups from fruits of wild plants in the preparation of whey drinks have been determined. Rosehip, viburnum and raspberry syrups have a high nutritional value, which will enrich whey drinks and give them a functional focus.