bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Understanding the interactions that children and young people have with their natural and built environments: A survey to identify targets for active travel behaviour change in Wales
Authors: Holmes Emily , Arkesteijn Marco , Knowles Kim , McKinney Tracie , Mizen Amy , Purcell Catherine
Published: October 2024

Active travel offers many societal benefits, including improving people’s mental and physical health and minimising our impacts on the environment. Increasing active travel is particularly important amongst children and young people (CYP), who are building habits which they will carry into adulthood. Studies on active travel amongst CYP are limited, however, with most research focusing on adult participants or on adult perceptions of children. This study sought to understand CYP’s interactions with the built and natural environment–and therefore their access to active travel–through the Capability, Opportunity, Motivation, Behaviour (COM-B) model. With a stakeholder group representing local government, youth organisations and active travel organisations, we co-created two bilingual questionnaires–one for young people aged 12–16 years living in Wales and the other for parents of young people aged 12–16 years living in Wales. Both questionnaires collected information on behaviour and perceived capability, opportunity and motivation of CYP to engage with their natural and built environments. The questionnaires included a discrete choice experiment (DCE), which proposed a series of binary choice questions indicating preferences based on landscape, journey time and type of travel. A total of 124 questionnaires (38 young people and 86 parents) were returned for analysis. These data indicate that CYP’s time spent outdoors is not dependent upon geography (rural/urban/suburban), season, or school holidays. There was a significant difference in capability, opportunity and motivation between parents and CYP, with parents over-estimating the psychological capability of CYP to engage outdoors. The preference data indicate that active travel is the favoured mode of transport, with both CYP and parents stating that they would increase travel time in order to travel actively. While this response is not consistent with respondent’s day-to-day travel choices, it suggests that the limitations to active travel may be psychological capability and automatic motivation, rather than a lack of opportunity.
Inhibition of long non-coding RNA NEAT1 suppressed the epithelial mesenchymal transition through the miR-204-5p/Six1 axis in asthma
Authors: Li Lei , Li Guoju , Guan Renzheng , Ma Hui , Xing Quansheng
Published: October 2024

Background

Asthma, a prevalent chronic respiratory condition, is characterized by airway remodeling. Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) NEAT1 has been demonstrated to participate in airway fibrosis. Furthermore, the miR-204-5p/Six1 axis significantly influences epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT). However, the function of NEAT1/miR-204-5p/Six1 in asthmatic EMT remains unclear.

Purpose

This study intends to elucidate the function of NEAT1/miR-204-5p/Six1 axis in asthmatic EMT.

Methods

TGF-β1 was used to induce the EMT model in BEAS-2B cells. Immunofluorescence and western blot were executed to verify the establishment of the EMT model. NEAT1, miR-204-5p, and Six1 expression levels were evaluated using RT-qPCR. The role of NEAT1 in EMT in vitro was explored by CCK8 assays and flow cytometry. The luciferase reporter assay was performed to validate the interaction between NEAT1 and miR-204-5p/Six1.

Results

NEAT1 expression was increased during EMT. Functional experiments showed that the knockdown of NEAT1 suppressed cell proliferation and promoted cell apoptosis in vitro. Furthermore, inhibition of NEAT1 decreased the expression of N-cadherin, vimentin, and α-SMA and increased the expression of E-cadherin. Mechanistically, NEAT1 was identified as a sponge for miR-204-5p, and Six1 was found to be a direct target of miR-204-5p.

Conclusion

Down-regulation of NEAT1 reduced the Six1 expression via targeting miR-204-5p to inhibit the process of EMT in asthma. This study may provide new insight to reveal the underlying mechanisms of asthma.
The Human and the Machine: AI Hopes and Fears in Media and Society
Authors: Guinibert Matthew , Nairn Angelique
Published: October 2024

This Special Issue, ‘The Human and the Machine: AI Hopes and Fears in Media & Society’, navigates the complex landscape of artificial intelligence (AI), presenting a spectrum of perspectives on its transformative impact. The editorial introduces key articles that explore AI’s dual nature: its potential to drive innovation and efficiency in areas like criminal justice and journalism as well as the significant ethical, societal and environmental concerns it raises. Topics include the implications of AI in carceral communication, the influence of search engine algorithms on journalism, the portrayal of AI in science fiction and the ethical considerations of AI-generated content in children’s stories. Through a comprehensive examination of these themes, this issue underscores the importance of a balanced discourse on AI, advocating for ongoing dialogue, ethical vigilance and interdisciplinary collaboration to ensure that AI’s development aligns with societal values and human rights.
Uncertainties and ambivalence surrounding AI: Popular filmic representations as real-world threat or saviour
Authors: Baker Sarah
Published: October 2024

Artificial intelligence (AI) has had a significant historical representation within popular culture over the decades, used in storytelling for films, television programmes, books and video games. Films like Blade Runner (1982), Blade Runner 2049 (2017), The Matrix (1999), The Terminator (1984), Ex Machina (2014) and Minority Report (2002), for example, can all be used to explore the impacts of AI on society. These stories exploring AI often centre around the environmental and social impact of advanced technology, including the perceived threat to humans, as well as the ethical considerations that this technology generates. Much of the same issues presented within films are also found in science fiction novels, by the likes of such authors as Isaac Asimov, William Gibson and, of course, Arthur C. Clarke who famously wrote in 1964 that ‘the most intelligent inhabitants of the future world won’t be men or monkeys, they will be machines’. This article examines popular films that represent AI as the focus of their content, to create the vision of both innovation and the fears around such advancement in the real world. In considering the historical background of AI development, together with the ever-present threat of science creating an all-powerful and uncontrollable artificial ‘programme’, that would have the ability to dominate and control humanity, these stories within popular culture may also serve as a warning about the implications of AI developments. This article then considers the representation of AI from a communication lens and whether the so-called science fiction is now here.
Once upon a time in Naples: Intermediality and Bildung as chronotope in The Hand of God and Martin Eden
Authors: Kilbourn Russell J. A.
Published: October 2024

Beginning from Jack London’s Martin Eden (1909), a famous American Bildungsroman, this article invokes Bakhtin’s chronotope to better understand a contemporary cinematic discourse predicated on the cultural maintenance of the post-Enlightenment masculine subject. Tracing the development of the Bildung genre-as-chronotope across key examples of post-war and contemporary Italian cinema – Fellini’s I Vitelloni (1953), Leone’s Once Upon a Time in America (1984) – I compare adaptation of Martin Eden with Paolo Sorrentino’s The Hand of God (2021). Where the latter’s ending reimagines the conclusion of I Vitelloni, Martin Eden is the filmic equivalent of the modernist novel’s deconstruction of the nineteenth-century realist novel’s spatio-temporal and epistemological boundaries. And, where Sorrentino’s alter-ego protagonist must leave Naples for Rome in order to succeed as a filmmaker, Marcello’s intermedial evocation of Naples amplifies the book’s paean to socialism while reproducing, in another modality, the failure of London’s intended critique of individualism. Finally, in none of these films is the invisibly essential masculinity of the subject superseded by a post-humanist alternative.
Fascination and strength: The face in the work of Ciprì and Maresco
Authors: Miralles Joan Jordi
Published: October 2024

This article explores the treatment of the face in the work of Palermo filmmakers Daniele Ciprì and Franco Maresco and proposes several considerations regarding the stark nudity of the face, its rawness and strength, and the relationships that the two filmmakers establish between face and mask. Through an analysis of the cinematic fiction of Maresco and Ciprì – Lo zio di Brooklyn (The Uncle from Brooklyn) (1995), Totò che visse due volte (Totò Who Lived Twice) (1998) and Il ritorno di Cagliostro (The Return of Cagliostro) (2003) – as well as their television work on Cinico TV (1989–96), this article demonstrates how the face emerges as a powerful tool that combats aesthetic homogeneity and narrative indoctrination of the media, as well as outlines a grotesquely attractive world.
Michelangelo Antonioni’s tetralogy of alienation on cinema screens in the People’s Republic of Poland: A study of the critical reception
Authors: Miller-Klejsa Anna
Published: October 2024

The People’s Republic of Poland, an undemocratic state that existed from 1947 to 1989, was politically dependent on the Soviet Union. It relied on its cultural policy of heavily rationing access to products made in capitalist countries; few exceptions were made to this policy, but of them, Italian director and filmmaker Michelangelo Antonioni’s filmography was one of the most important, even though not all of his films were released to the Polish public until 1989. This article focuses on the critical reception of Michelangelo Antonioni’s ‘tetralogy of alienation’ in the People’s Republic of Poland during the 1960s and 1970s. Antonioni’s tetralogy comprises L’avventura (The Adventure), La notte (The Night), L’eclisse (The Eclipse) and Deserto Rosso (Red Desert). In this article, I examine how Polish critics grappled with the differences between the cinematic world depicted in these films and the realities of the ‘people’s democracy’ in Poland. I focus on the cultural reception of these films, utilizing reviews published in film magazines, cultural magazines and the daily press from the period.
The shape of the landscape in the cinema of Matteo Garrone: A review article of Terra di mezzo (Land in Between)
Authors: Marini Alessandro
Published: October 2024

In Matteo Garrone’s filmography, the choice of locations is always determined by a marked interest in physical reality, approached through an authorial perspective aimed at representing the coordinates of a complex system of human relations and the signs of the exercise of power, in its multiple declinations. In Terra di mezzo (1996) Garrone investigates the Pasolinian space of the Roman suburbs, now populated by Nigerian prostitutes and unemployed Albanians. The filmmaker’s gaze here traces fragments of existence in the forms of an excessive, unfinished and oppressive landscape. In this context, the acceleration towards indefiniteness takes on a clear allegorical value, explicitly referring to the condition of precarious impermanence experienced by the protagonists. This article intends to highlight the most significant characteristics of the authorial work on the forms of the natural and human landscape: their selection, the tendency to their allusive and paradigmatic over-signification, the presence, in them, of the lesson of the models.
Cinema, literature and looking at the world from Naples
Authors: Moroncini Ambra
Published: October 2024

This interview focuses on first-hand insights into Mario Martone’s cinematographic work. It presents the accurate transcription of an engaging conversation with the filmmaker held at the University of Sussex on 8 December 2023. By discussing the inspiration behind some of his most successful films – specifically L’amore molesto (Troubling Love) (1995), Il giovane favoloso (Leopardi) (2014), Nostalgia (2022) and the docufilm Laggiù qualcuno mi ama (Massimo Troisi: Somedody Down There Likes Me) (2023) – the reader will feel captivatingly guided by Martone into the fascinating relationship between cinema and literature, and on the difficulties of love as ‘a longing that drives us all’. The role that the cultural milieu of Martone’s birthplace, Naples, had in his career and artistic creativity will also help to understand both the realistic and mythological dimensions of his cinema.
Anna Magnani: The (difficult) birth of a female film
Authors: Dubrovic Simone
Published: October 2024

This interview with Monica Guerritore reports on her project of making a film about Italian actress Anna Magnani (1908–73). In the interview, Guerritore talks about the film’s screenplay and her ideas about the construction of the character. The text also entails, through a thorough analysis of the development of Magnani’s career, important reflections on the transformations of Italian cinema, with references to Guerritore’s own experiences as an actress (both for the stage and the screen), stage director, playwright and literary author.
Young Chileans Evaluate the News in order to decide how to Vote in 2022
Authors: Condeza Dall Orso Rayen , Moreno Becerra Tabita , Gajardo Leon Constanza
Published: October 2024

Based on the call for the mandatory vote of young Chileans to approve or reject the draft of a new constitution for Chile in 2022, this research explored how they informed themselves about this political process and what was their assessment of the news to make their electoral decision. An ad-hoc quantitative survey was designed, applied online in 2023, to which 183 participants between 18 and 24 years old, mostly higher education students, responded. Young people consider it very important to vote in an informed manner, they are interested in current affairs, they value the professional work of journalists and they searched for news about the constitutional process. However, for more than half of them, the news did not respond to their interests. This finding is particularly relevant, since when asked what quality news is for them, they refer to information that responds to their needs. It is likely that the news industry does not sufficiently consider this young audience, which constitutes an opportunity to get to know their interests.
Refinement of Hy Law Using the Drug-Induced Liver Injury Network Database
Authors: Barritt A. Sidney , Hayashi Paul H. , Stolz Andrew A. , Barnhart Huiman , Hoofnagle Jay H. ,   for the Drug-Induced Liver Injury Network (DILIN)
Published: October 2024

INTRODUCTION:

Hyman Zimmerman observed that hepatocellular (HC) drug-induced liver injury (DILI) with jaundice had a mortality rate of ≥ 10% (Hy Law). Hy Law does not specify the timing of liver tests nor the definition of HC DILI versus cholestatic or mixed (C/M) DILI. We aimed to assess the validity of Hy Law in the prospective DILI Network (DILIN) cohort.

METHODS:

Drugs with ≥10 confirmed DILI cases with jaundice were analyzed. Four permutations of Hy Law were applied: R ≥ 5 using initial (1) or peak (2) alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase levels, and the Food and Drug Administration associated criteria of alanine aminotransferase or aspartate aminotransferase ≥ 3x upper limit of normal with alkaline phosphatase ≤ 2x upper limit of normal using initial (3) or peak values (4). Mortality was death or liver transplant adjudicated to be due to DILI.

RESULTS:

Using initial R values, mortality was 11.1% for HC vs 2.0% for C/M (P < 0.001); using peak R values, mortality was 10.3% vs 1.6% (P < 0.001). Using Food and Drug Administration-associated definition, mortality was 7.9% vs 3.9% (P = 0.04) using initial values and 7.9% vs 3.0% (P = 0.01) using peak values. Using initial R values, drugs that frequently caused HC injury generally had mortality rates ≥ 10%, while drugs that typically caused C/M injury all had rates < 10%. Occasional agents that caused HC injury with jaundice were associated with low mortality.

DISCUSSION:

Initial R values were the most reliable means of identifying Hy Law cases. There were some drugs that caused HC injury with jaundice but with mortality rates < 10%. Refinement of Hy Law is warranted.
Příručka pro lektory - vzdělávání v BIM
Authors: Nývlt Vladimír , Vytlačil Dalibor , Demel Jiří , Kaiser Jiří , Švamberková Lucie , Prušková Kristýna , Dědič Martin , Veselka Jakub , Šinkner Robert , Jirotková Lucie , Rodrigues Hugo , Rodrigues Fernanda , Alves Ana , Sugiyama Gabriel , Clemen Christian , Schäfer Kathleen , Meyer-Ros Kerstin , Bong Alexander
Published: October 2024

Referenční příručka pro lektory BIM (Building Information Modeling) je specializovaná příručka určená pro pedagogy na vysokých školách, kteří se zabývají výukou architektury, inženýrství a stavebnictví (AEC). Hlavním cílem této příručky je zvýšit úroveň kompetencí lektorů při začleňování metody BIM do výuky způsobem, který je založený na spolupráci a integraci. Tato příručka v podstatě slouží jako komplexní zdroj informací pro lektory, kterým poskytuje nástroje a znalosti potřebné k efektivní výuce BIM způsobem, který je v souladu s kolaborativní a integrovanou povahou této moderní metody v odvětví AEC.
States of a World in Disintegration
Authors: Spill Frédérique
Published: October 2024

This chapter analyzes passages in Faulkner’s work that embrace modernism and utilize language suggestive of disintegration, dissolution, and otherwise blurred boundaries of change and reality.
The Disorders of Predication and the Order of a World
Authors: Spill Frédérique
Published: October 2024

This chapter explores the displaced or transformed perceptions of Faulknerian idiots. To provide an account of the singular perception of his idiot, Faulkner deliberately distorted his vision and language. He invented a different and singular language built on deviations, flaws, and gaps—one capable of intimating the distortions of an idiot’s perception. Explorations of metonymy follow.
Management of penetrating arrow injury of the maxillofacial region, case report
Authors: Masumbuko Mukamba Franck , Bisimwa Igega Marie Hélène , Sudi Musilimu Constant , Muhindo Busaba Liévin , Cikomola Gulimwetuga Fabrice , Mubenga Mukengeshayi Léon
Published: October 2024

An arrow maxillofacial penetrating injury is an unusual traumatic injury sometimes encountered in developing countries. This rare injury has the potential to be dangerous because the arrow is deeply lodged in maxillofacial region crossed by major vessels, and because damage to one of these vessels should always be suspected. Furthermore, removal of a foreign body may result in complications such as massive bleeding or iatrogenic injury to adjacent structure and complications should always be considered in maxillofacial region. We describe a case of a patient who presented with maxillofacial penetrating arrow injury and analyze the problems faced in its management with emphasis on diagnostic imaging, on surgical planning and on careful surgery management.
Půjčka, dluh a „hodnota“ v zastavárně
Authors: Rádl Michael
Published: October 2024

The author describes circumstances and conditions of the pawnshop loan on the basis of his field research at a bazaar-pawnshop. In particular, he focuses on the process of determining the value of the pawned collateral. Moreover, the paper also discusses the ambiguity of the notion of “value”, which can be of an economic, but also of a symbolic nature. He also shows the other consequences and contexts that may be derived from the relationship of the customer and the pawnbroker. Furthermore, the paper focuses on the question of who and why uses the pawnshop to get cash, and concludes with the key points of a gradual process that leads some customers to incorporate small (yet practically permanent) pawnshop debt into their life. In this case, the constantly renewed debt has ultimately become part of their usual economic thinking and almost quotidian standard. This eventually leads to the fact that these customers gradually integrate the pawnshop into their way of life, and start to consider it as an integral part of everydayness.
Milan Hlavsa a peripetie existence skupiny Plastic People of the Universe
Authors: Pecková Barbora
Published: October 2024

The paper interprets the life story of the musician and the co-founder of the group “The Plastic People of the Universe”, Milan Hlavsa, through the analysis of interviews realized with Hlavsa in the years 1986–1991. The interpretation focuses on the roots of his relationship to rock ’n’ roll music, of his efforts to be a professional musician, of his relationship to Ivan Jirous, and of his experiences with communist repression. The case study of Hlavsa’s life story embeds the topic of the identification of rock ’n’ roll youth subculture in the underground culture. The oral history and biographical method used in the analysis shows the disproportion of the self-identification of the individual and the discourses built around the underground community. The paper discusses two of the most influential publications about the underground: Miroslav Vaněk’s Byl to jenom Rock’n’ roll (It Was Just Rock ’n’ roll) and Jonathan Bolton’s Worlds of Dissent: Charter 77, The Plastic People of the Universe, and Czech Culture under Communism. It points out how the methodology and selection of historical subjects and sources influences the interpretation of the phenomenon of the underground and its participants.
Jan Šimek: Historie školních budov. Od tereziánských reforem po současnost
Authors: Jakoubková Budilová Lenka
Published: October 2024

A review of the book by Jan Šimek.
Faces of Rurban Mobility of Slovak Artists (preliminary study)
Authors: Rudyjová Michaela
Published: October 2024

This paper focuses on the phenomenon of the mobility of artists from the city to the countryside in the context of rurbanization. It examines contemporary forms of artistic mobility that tend to be a new source of inspiration for artists, but at the same time also a stimulus for the general processes of rurbanization. The paper presents a preliminary investigation in terms of three case studies. The first one concerns Fero Guldan, a freelance visual artist, writer, sculptor, and painter; the second one focuses on Andrej Dúbravský, currently one of the most outstanding young Slovak visual artists; and the third case study deals with the Zaježová community, located in a widely spread-out village that attracts different forms of artistic activities. Research relied on the snowball method to extensively map the mobility of Slovak artists. The paper brings up such questions as what were the artists’ motives for leaving the city and moving to the countryside; if and how mobility affected their manner of artistic creation, the nature of their works of art (types of artefacts, topics, or colours), and the ways in which these works of art are distributed (for example, changing concepts of exhibitions) and received (types and attitudes of audiences); and what are the forms of artist associations (groups, communities). Even if all three of the cases have their own particularities, we can see that all but one of these attributes are changing. Painting techniques, topics, and colours have changed, as have the concepts of exhibiting art, but forms of association do not seem to be affected much by moving to the countryside. Furthermore, the Zaježová community has broken the binary opposition of urban vs. rural by creating a form of life and associations that go beyond the pub/café split.
The Role of Popular Culture in Rural-to-Urban Transformation Contributing to the “Slušovice Miracle”
Authors: Fialka Jiří
Published: October 2024

The submitted article provides inquiry into the role of popular culture in the everyday life of Slušovice – the socialist “center municipality” and extraordinary isle of prosperity in the scarce economy of Czechoslovakia in the 1970s and 1980s. It presents research on the popular culture of the formative political environment of state socialism. The urbanisation and suppression of traditional culture in this village was not isolated from the broader context, but was derived from the economic transformation of the local collective farm and its symbolic differentiation from socialism. In these intentions, the study tries to expand the specific dimensions of the emergent popular culture with its emphasis on huge cultural events, showing the hybridity of social life in Slušovice, which was created by the combination of rural transformation and consumer culture.
Hledání modalit hudebního vzpomínání
Authors: Jurková Zuzana
Published: October 2024

Most of the humanities and social sciences are involved in the contemporary “memory boom”; disciplines focused on music are, in this aspect, still behind the times. In the presented text, the author offers a theoretical model for the ethnomusicological investigation of musical remembrance, which is conceived here primarily as collective. Its starting points are (a) Assmann’s concept of the time dimension of connective structure (which is one of the building blocks of collective identity), (b) the understanding of remembrance as constructed and rooted in the present, (c) the basic ethnomusicological premise about music as a mirror, as well as a co-creator of social reality. Two research spheres are open to investigators interested in music remembrance: one in which music (as a sound phenomenon and performance practice) is the main subject of research, and the other in which music is understood´ (only) as a medium of remembrance and the main attention is focused on social reality. Existing research signalizes two basic modalities of collective remembrance: nationwide modalities, and modalities specific for different cultural cohorts. This finding corresponds (with certain exceptions) to the concepts of other authors (Turino, Assmann).
Jakoubek, Marek (ed.): Teorie etnicity. Čítanka textů
Authors: Šatava Leoš
Published: October 2024

A review of the book by Marek Jakoubek.
Kyz ala kačuu
Authors: Gregorová Barbora
Published: October 2024

“Ala kachuu”, literally translated as “take and run off”, is a term used to describe the Middle Asian practice of bride kidnapping that is particularly common in Kyrgyzstan. “Ala kachuu” exists in two possible scenarios: First, the bride elopes with the man she loves while her parents oppose the marriage, or second, the non-consensual kidnapping of the bride by a stranger occurs. Both scenarios adhere to special rules and often involve the groom’s extended family and friends. Among the locals and predominantly in rural areas, “ala kachuu” continues to be part of traditional culture with roots in ancient history, as depicted in the national epic “Manas”, despite of the fact that “ala kachuu” is a criminal act often inflicting physical and psychological harm to the young woman. The following paper presents the accounts of a number of kidnappers’ strategies, provides a historical abstract, as well as giving statistics from research conducted by R. Kleinbach and L. Handrahan, and describes several actual cases of bride kidnapping.
Zemřel sociolog Ivo Možný
Authors: Nešpor Zdeněk R.
Published: October 2024

Nedlouho po svých čtyřiaosmdesátých narozeninách koncem léta náhle zemřel jeden z vůdčích představitelů české sociologie druhé poloviny 20. století, zakladatel brněnské fakulty sociálních studií a především skvělý člověk Ivo Možný. Jeho odchod vzhledem k do poslední chvíle neutuchající aktivitě a osobní angažovanosti ve všem, co mu připadalo důležité, překvapil snad všechny, kromě jeho samého – už od nedávného skonu Milana Petruska a Jiřího Musila tvrdil, že je „teď na řadě“, a ač mu to bylo vymlouváno, se svou smrtí počítal, vyrovnal se s ní a připravil se na ni. „Věčnost“ si představoval v tom, že přetrvá ve svém díle a ve vzpomínkách těch, s nimiž se potkal a jichž naprostou většinu dokázal ovlivnit – mohl by být spokojen, obojí se mu podařilo v míře víc než vrchovaté.
Jaroslav Pánek – Jiří Pešek – Petr Vorel: Velmocenské ambice v dějinách
Authors: Nešpor Zdeněk R.
Published: October 2024

A review of the book by Jaroslav Pánek, Jiří Pešek and Petr Vorel.
Care Needs of Elderly Migrants in Austria
Authors: Perchinig Bernhard , Schaur Katharina
Published: October 2024

In Austria, migrants who arrived in the 1960s and 70s (“guestworkers”) were often supported very little in terms of language classes, education and other integration measures, as they were expected (and often themselves expected) to return to their country of origin eventually. In fact, most “guest workers” and their families became permanent residents. Now, the ageing of this generation of unexpected residents poses myriad challenges to the Austrian health care system. Although these challenges were foreseeable, care providers and state institutions have been reluctant to respond or are only lately beginning to respond to migrants’ needs, in particular the need of language translation services and culturally sensitive approaches. This paper provides an empirical perspective on these challenges from ex- Yugoslav, Turkish and Philippine elderly migrants’ point of view. For them, three topics interlink: On the individual level, they often face difficult access to a health care system that is not reflective of migrants’ needs; at the level of the older generation – their own parents and in-laws –, responding to care obligations for relatives still residing in the country of origin conflicts with the regulations of migration regimes; and at the level of the younger generation – their children –, there are many open questions and tensions around care expectations which the younger generation may be unwilling or unable to fulfil. The paper is based on a research project funded by the Austrian Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Integration, which aimed to analyse care needs and expectations of elderly migrants from the origin countries of ex-Yugoslavia, Turkey, and the Philippines. Methodologically, the study is based on analysis of literature and a quantitative estimate of migrants in elderly care for the next 10 years. Furthermore, 30 interviews with Austrian experts in federal administration, care providers, professional networks, relevant NGOs, as well as academic experts were conducted. Finally, the study aimed to explore migrants’ perspectives through 8 focus groups with overall 74 participants organized in the cities of Linz and Vienna.
Proměna intimity
Authors: Bartáková Petra
Published: October 2024

This article focuses on the transformation of intimacy, in particular on the experiences of Czech mothers who gave birth with the support of professional and non-professional birth partners. In our area, all births in the last century have shifted from the domestic environment, full of various ritual practices, to the institutional environment of maternity hospitals. In this sense, the labouring woman is separated from related persons. During the 1970s, obstetric care changed under the influence of the rising commercialisation and individualisation of obstetric care. Maternity hospitals started to open to the public and to also organise visits in delivery rooms, as well as in post-natal rooms, and to tolerate the presence of accompanying persons at the delivery. In the Czech environment, similar changes in obstetrics appeared after 1989. Relationships between clients (parents) and professional accompanying persons (doulas, independent midwives) can involve contemporary practices of intimacy such as self-disclosure, physical contact, and practical care. This “new” phenomenon of birth partners blurs the boundaries between an intimate relationship and a commercial transaction. My work primarily builds upon social studies focused on the transformation of intimacy in modernity and human reproduction, in particular, the theoretical foundations of the anthropology and the sociology of childbirth. The goal is to elucidate the processes of the transformation of intimacy, which are characteristic of temporary intimacy, through analysing eighteen semi-structured and narrative interviews given by birth partners and mothers who had a birth companion.
Transnacionalismus a inkluze do majoritní společnosti: Neslučitelné perspektivy?
Authors: Jirka Luděk
Published: October 2024

Many researchers are aimed at assimilation/integration which means research concern with immigrant incorporation into the majority society. Compared to transnationalism, researchers concerned in transnational ties are aimed at ties between immigrant and his country of origin. However, early concepts of transnationalism were too „radical“ in respond to integration/ assimilation and there were developed concepts of transnationalism which obstructed the links towards majority society/country of destination. There were two main methodological problems. Firstly, there was refusing of influences of nation state towards immigrants and secondly, there was ethnicization or nationalization of migrants in term of groupness. Because of this, approaches of transnationalism and integration/assimilation can be seen as antithetical – but they are antithetical only in the minds of researchers. As we can see from the constructivist critique of transnationalism during last years, transnational ties can be consistent with inclusion and many researches from abroad proved this stance. In spite of constructivist critique during last years, early concepts of transnationalism are still widespread in Czech social sciences. It means that Czech social sciences are engaged in theories of transnationalism which do not admit ties with the majority society.
Klára Strohsová: Česko-bulharská manželství v etnologické perspektivě
Authors: Bareš Pavel
Published: October 2024

A review of the book by Klára Strohsová.
Sympozium Balcanicum V. Interdisciplinární seminář zaměřený na terénní výzkum na Balkáně.
Authors: Bittnerová Dana
Published: October 2024

Ve středu 30. září 2015 proběhlo na plzeňské Západočeské univerzitě pod značkou Sympozium balcanicum V další setkání zájemců o problematiku Balkánu. Jeho cílem bylo prezentovat současné výzkumy svázané s tímto regionem napříč společenskovědními disciplínami. Dominantní pozici zaujali sociokulturní antropologové a historici, jejichž perspektivy propojovaly minulost se současností. Nabídly tradiční pohled na Balkán, jako (a) na místo českých politických a kulturních vizí a (b) etnicky a kulturně pluralitní areál.
Fans or Friends?
Authors: Verbuč DAVID
Published: October 2024

When studying how rock, punk, and similar cultures relate to place, scholars tend to focus on local scenes (and on concerts as constitutive events that establish the rock music community). When they do consider translocal connections, they mostly discuss non-face-to-face relations, for instance, as enacted through printed or electronic media. In this paper, by ethnographically examining the interpersonal dynamics of several case studies, I demonstrate that the music community of DIY (do-it-yourself) participants in the US is constituted in large part through face-to-face interaction, not only in local places (through the interaction of DIY participants both within and between music venues), but in translocal space (through touring, and similar traveling practices), as well. Local participants depend on translocal touring participants (who generate flows of ideas, sounds, objects, and people), and the translocal participants depend on their local compatriots (who provide places at which to play, or sleep). Local DIY places, especially DIY participants’ houses, play a significant role in this dialectic as items of reciprocal exchange within the translocal “network of friends/favors.” In addition, they also function as places of ‘intimacy,’ in the local context as sites for small and ‘intimate’ concerts, and translocally as places for hosting touring musicians as houseguests. DIY places/houses thus contribute to an experience of closeness and to the transformation of fans to friends for the DIY participants. In the first part of the paper, I examine the establishment of local and translocal DIY ‘communities’ through the social practice of touring (culture as travel). In this section, I also briefly discuss historical and geographical factors, and consider the dimensions of race, gender, and sexuality in the American DIY touring experience. In the second part, I subsequently observe the aspects and particular characteristics of DIY touring practices themselves (travel as culture), and how they reflect and generate DIY values and politics.
When Even Listening to Music, Dancing, and Escaping from Auditoriums is Educational
Authors: Mára Jaromír
Published: October 2024

According to the head of the program doc. Zuzana Jurková, the evolution of ethnomusicology at our faculty is progressing like a partly-controlled improvisation. “I started out with just a couple of overview courses. Now it is an all-round proper program. This semester we opened 15 courses, out of which eight were led in English by lecturers such as prof. Shelemay from Harvard University, prof. Reyes from Columbia University, or prof. Radulescu from Universitatea Națională de Muzică in Romania. Last year, we published a book entitled Pražské hudební světy, whose English version Prague Soundscapes was distributed by Chicago University Press. And we also held an international conference whose materials are in print at the moment,” says docent Jurková adding that in her opinion, “There is no university-level ethnomusicological program in Europe that is this dynamic.” Ethnomusicological courses at FoH predominantly focus on the music of the marginalized and on urban spaces. The approximate form of education of future ethnomusicologists is indicated by the recently concluded summer school of Jewish music.
Amerika po válce
Authors: Machotka Otakar
Published: October 2024

Po druhé navštívil jsem Ameriku na podzim roku 1947 a vrátil jsem se před vánoci téhož roku. Těšil jsem se nesmírně na tuto svoji druhou návštěvu, neboť jako sociolog jsem tušil, jak mnoho se asi muselo změnit v životě tak velkého národa, který prodělal světovou válku a bezděky se postavil v čelo světové politiky, který je na jedné straně tak dynamický a na druhé straně tak netradiční. Už jen tyto tři skutečnosti ukazovaly k tomu, že Amerika se musela podstatně směnit a že pro sociologa, který znal Ameriku předválečnou, bude nesporným požitkem a potěšením vidět tyto změny na vlastní oči a spoluprožívat je alespoň zčásti se starými přáteli, kteří je prodělali ve svém vlastním životě.
Tereza Stöckelová – Yasar Abu Ghosh (eds.): Etnografie. Improvizace v teorii a terénní praxi
Authors: Jakoubková Budilová Lenka
Published: October 2024

A review of the book by Tereza Stöckelová and Yasar Abu Ghosh.
Lenka J. Budilová: Dědická praxe, sňatkové strategie a pojmenovávání u bulharských Čechů v letech 1900–1950
Authors: Horská Pavla
Published: October 2024

A review of the book by Lenka Jakoubková Budilová.
Zpráva z Mezinárodní konference Psychometrické společnosti (IMPS 2024), Praha, 15.–19. července 2024
Authors: Martinková Patrícia , Netík Jan
Published: October 2024

Conference Report
Does Rigorous Government Regulation on Nonprofits Improve Their Outputs? Evidence from China
Authors: Lyu Cuili , Xie Shun , Li Ying
Published: October 2024

This study mainly takes China as an example to explore the logic between government regulation and outputs of nonprofit organizations in the context of authoritarian countries. Based on the theory of embeddedness and organizational legitimacy, using the panel data of 29 mainland provinces from 2010 to 2019, and applying the fixed effect model, it is found that government regulation has a positive effect on outputs of non-profit organizations. However, it is also found that there exists a single threshold, only government regulation intensity keeps in a certain range, the positive effect is made. Further research finds that government regulation positively impacts nonprofit outputs through encouraging social donations. Our findings fill the gap of exploring the logic between government regulation and nonprofits outputs, giving some enlightenment to regulators of similar regimes countries. We also have improved the current government regulation theory based on legitimacy and embeddedness theory empirically, extended and enriched embeddedness theory.
Rethinking Organismic Unity: Object-Oriented Ontology and the Human Microbiome
Authors: Young Niki , Lanfranco Sandro
Published: October 2024

In recent years, a vast array of thinkers have been invested in challenging the long-standing binary division between the human and nonhuman. The notion of the human microbiome especially attests to the truth of such a complication, since current research in biology strongly suggests that we are at the very least as much microbe as we are human and that the number of microorganisms in the human body outnumber distinctly human cells considerably. In this article, we aim to bring the biological notion of the human microbiome in dialogue with Object-Oriented Ontology (OOO) so as to ultimately show that there can be a fruitful exchange of ideas between the two currents of microbiome research and OOO more specifically, and that Graham Harman’s top-down account of objective emergence can be fruitfully a bottom-up approach according to which the parts of an object also impact and constrain the whole.
A Novel Approach to the Evaluation of Groups: Type of Group and Facet of Evaluation Matter
Authors: Barbedor Julien , Scheider Jelena , Yzerbyt Vincent , Abele-Brehm Andrea
Published: October 2024

In three studies, we examined a novel approach to the social evaluation of groups whereby we combined a typology of groups with a recent model of the two fundamental dimensions and four facets of social evaluation. We investigated two main questions. First, whereas previous research has proven the usefulness of the two-dimension/four-facet model for individuals, we here tested it for groups. Second, whereas previous research has not systematically distinguished between different types of groups, we here applied a typology of groups that distinguishes between intimacy groups, task groups, and social categories. Furthermore, we hypothesized that these dimensions and facets would manifest differently across various group types. We conducted studies in three countries and analyzed judgments of the three main types of groups, resulting in a standard list of 20 traits. The data confirmed our two-dimension/four-facet model while showing variations of the structure across different types of groups. These results, as well as the facets ratings, highlight the relevance of distinguishing the types of groups in social evaluation.
The Neural Orchestra: Cognitive Instrumentalities
Authors: Brittan Francesca
Published: October 2024

Over the past several decades, the field of cognitive neuroscience has drawn with increasing frequency on the figure of the “neural orchestra,” a metaphor mapping the activities of localized cortical areas onto sections of a musical ensemble. Popularized by (among others) the neuroscientist Elkhonon Goldberg, the trope is often hailed by contemporary scientists as a new invention—a modern alternative to computational paradigms of cognition. And yet, as I argue here, the concept of the brain orchestra is far from new. Neural-orchestral cartographies originated in the phrenological theory of Franz Joseph Gall in the 1810s, then threaded through medical, ethnographic, anthropological, and pedagogical writing of the later nineteenth century, from the phreno-magnetic tracts of Mariano Cubí y Soler to the psychiatric diagnoses of Théodule-Armand Ribot. Fusing metaphysical concepts of harmony with theories of hierarchical cerebral organology, symphonic minds were products of an epistemological overlap between neural and musical discourses. Crucial to both domains was the newly powerful figure of the podium conductor, conceived as an overarching form of attentional control yoking players into powerful cognitive, musical, and political wholes. The result was a musical neurophysiology refracted through the lenses of imperial technocracy and authoritarian forms of centralization. Today, the historical and neuropolitical forces that generated the Romantic mind orchestra have been largely forgotten, but they continue to exert a spectral influence, hovering behind our conception of the “well-conducted mind,” our descriptions of “orchestrated” attention, and our psychopolitical fear of distraction.
Electrochemical analysis on SnSeO3/ZnSeO3 nanocomposite
Authors:   Department of Physics, Gandhigram Rural Institute, Deemed To Be University, Gandhigram-624302, Dindigul District, Tamilnadu, India, Basil Ralph N. G. , Shanmugha Soundare S. ,   Centre for Nanoscience and Technology, Anna University, Chennai-600025, Tamilnadu, India, Yamuna D. ,   Department of Physics, Gandhigram Rural Institute, Deemed To Be University, Gandhigram-624302, Dindigul District, Tamilnadu, India, Ariponnammal S. ,   Department of Physics, Gandhigram Rural Institute, Deemed To Be University, Gandhigram-624302, Dindigul District, Tamilnadu, India
Published: October 2024

Nanocomposite SnSeO3/ZnSeO3 has been synthesized by hydrothermal method. X-ray powder diffraction confirms formation of SnSeO3/ZnSeO3 nanocomposite. It exhibits an interesting morphology of needle like nanorod structure. Thermal analysis reveals the thermal stability, decomposition behavior and critical temperatures where significant weight loss occurs. X-ray photoemission explains the role of the chemical state Sn, Zn, Se and O in SnSeO3/ZnSeO3. Electrochemical study has been made in both three electrode and two electrode system. In three electrode system, cyclic voltammetry exhibits a bell-shaped curve and the operational potential window is 0.8 V. The specific capacitance is 78.65 F/g for 5 mV scan rate. Chronopotentiometry shows quasi-triangular curves demonstrating the behavior of pseudo capacitors. Specific capacitances of 72.02 F/g was delivered at 1 A/g current density in 3M electrolyte of KOH. The plot of Nyquist for SnSeO3//ZnSeO3 confirms pseudo capacitor behavior. The series resistance Rs is low that is 0.78 Ω and charge transfer resistance is 0.42 Ω. Symmetric SnSeO3/ZnSeO3 supercapacitor device that is, two electrode system, is fabricated using 3M KOH electrolyte. Operational potential window is 1.5V. Cyclic voltammetry curves of the device show excellent capacitive behavior. The symmetric device produced specific capacitances of 39.37F/g, energy density 6.15 Wh kg-1 and power density 374.99 kW kg-1 at 1Ag-1 current density. The cell displayed 73.18% capacity retention, indicating excellent electrode stability for approximately 5000 cycles at a current density of 1 Ag-1 . Nyquist plot suggests that the system is stable and exhibits capacitive behavior.