bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Four Women in Samuel Confront Power, Part 2: Views from the Targum, the Rabbis, and the Church Fathers
Authors: Zucker David J.
Published: April 2021

In 1-2 Samuel Abigail of Maon, the Medium of Endor, the Wise Woman of Tekoa, and the Wise Woman of Abel all dare to confront power. The Aramaic Bible, the Targum Jonathan; ancient Rabbinic sources; as well as the Church Fathers refer to them and draw different conclusions from their actions.
Hit or Myth? Methodological Considerations in Comparing Dionysos with the Johannine Jesus
Authors: King Fergus J.
Published: April 2021

The relationship between Dionysiac and emerging Christian traditions has long exercised biblical and classical scholars. Dionysianism is complex because of both its constituent mythologies and the fluidity and variety of its rituals. Emerging Christianity similarly defies a single metanarrative. This essay notes the difficulties of comparing Dionysiac tradition with just one early Christian text: the Gospel of John. The variety of Dionysiac material, the particular issues raised by critical readings of the Gospel (content and composition), the difficulty of overarching theological terminology (like “sacramentalism”), intertextuality, and mimesis criticism are all problematic when comparing the two traditions and their texts.
Coronary endarterectomy in coronary artery disease: Factors affecting graft patency and survival
Authors: Chow Simon CY , Ho Jacky YK , Kwok Micky WT , Fujikawa Takuya , Lim Kevin , Wan Song , Wong Randolph HL
Published: April 2021

Background

Coronary endarterectomy aims to improve completeness of revascularization in patients with occluded coronary vessels. The benefits of coronary endarterectomy remain uncertain. The aim of this study was to evaluate short-term surgical outcomes and factors affecting graft patency post-coronary endarterectomy.

Methods

Between 2009 and 2019, 81 consecutive patients who had coronary endarterectomy done were evaluated for their perioperative and early results. A total of 36 patients with follow-up coronary studies were included in patency analysis. Mortality rates, major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events, and graft patency were outcomes of interest. Survival and risk factor analysis were performed with Kaplan–Meier and logistic regression analysis.

Results

The average age of the cohort was 61.9 ± 9.29 years. Complete revascularization rate was 95.4% post-coronary endarterectomy. The 30-day and 1-year mortality was 2.5 and 6.2%, respectively. One-year major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events rate was 11.1%. Periprocedural myocardial infarction rate was 7.4%. Three patients required repeat revascularization within a mean follow-up duration of 49.6 ± 36.5 months. Overall graft patency was 89.2% at 20.2 months and graft patency post-coronary endarterectomy was 85.4%. Arterial grafts showed 100% patency. Vein grafts to endarterectomized obtuse marginal branch had patency rates of 33.3%. Multiple endarterectomies were associated with worse one-year major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (OR: 28.6 ± 1.16; P = 0.003).

Conclusions

Coronary endarterectomy facilitates completeness of revascularization and does not increase early mortality. Graft patency post-coronary endarterectomy on obtuse marginal artery was suboptimal. Judicious use of coronary endarterectomy should be practiced to balance the need of completeness of revascularization against the risk of myocardial infarction.
Exploring the Relationship between Depression on Menopausal Symptoms and Personality Trails
Authors: Ahmadi Niloufar , Delavar Mouloud Agajani , Mashayekh-Amiri Sepideh , Esmaeilzadeh Sedighe
Published: April 2021

The aim of the present study was to explore the potential relationships between menopausal symptoms, sleep quality, hot flash, and depressive symptoms in postmenopausal women. A cross-sectional study was designed with 150 healthy postmenopausal women (45–60 years of age) who had referred to the menopausal clinic in Babol. The participants completed the following instruments throughout the study: the Beck Depression Inventory for depressive symptoms, the Modified Blatt-Kupperman Menopausal Index for measuring menopausal symptoms, and the NEO-FFI for identifying the personality traits. After controlling all the covariates, high depressive symptoms were found to be associated with moderate/sever menopausal symptoms, poor sleep quality, and the average and high level of neuroticism. The results also demonstrated that the risk of depressive symptoms was lower in menopausal women with high level extroversion, high level agreeableness, and the average and high level of conscientiousness. The findings of the present study indicated that personality traits, menopausal symptoms, and poor sleep quality in particular can partially account for depression in Iranian menopausal women. It is highly imperative that effective health education or implement appropriate strategies to improve the quality of life for these women.
Corner Store Retailers’ Perspectives on a Discontinued Healthy Corner Store Initiative
Authors: Lynch Meghan , Graham Marketa , Taylor Krystal , Mah Catherine L.
Published: April 2021

Making fresh fruits and vegetables (FFV) more widely available has been a prominent focus of healthy retail interventions and may have an important role in improving food access and diet quality at the population level. ‘Healthy retail’ interventions in corner/convenience stores (CS) are increasingly being adopted by public health practitioners to address the diet-related risk factors, improve food access at the community level, and change food retail environments. Private sector retailers are integral to the success of public health retailing interventions, making their perspectives and experiences critical. There is a particular need for greater evidence from retailers in settings where evaluations of these interventions have yielded null or mixed results. Through semi-structured interviews with 8 CS retailers (7 from urban settings and 1 from rural) in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, this study aimed to describe experiences and critical factors regarding the feasibility and sustainability of a healthy CS program that was not sustained following the pilot testing phase, with a specific focus on the sale of FFV. Thematic analysis was used to analyze the interview data, which indicated that retailers faced two dominant challenges with selling FFV in CS: both relate to how these stores are embedded in the larger local and global food system. We join others in arguing that efforts and support for retail interventions aiming to increase the availability of FFV in CS need to address the structure and relations of the food system, as an upstream determinant of CS retailer interest and motivation.
Diabetic Distress Among Diabetic Patients in the Amhara Regional State, Ethiopia
Authors: Wolde Abraham Kebede
Published: April 2021

Diabetes distress is a psychological reaction to the threat of diabetes, when an individuals diagnosed with diabetes consider the coping resources they possess as insufficient to manage the illness threat, thus triggering emotional distress specific to diabetes. Research conducted in Ethiopia regarding diabetes-related distress is scant. The main purpose of this study was to assess the status of diabetic distress among diabetic patients in the hospitals of the Amhara Region. A hospital-based cross-sectional survey research approach was employed. A total of 14 hospitals was included in the study using stratified simple random sample methods. The participans of the study were 532 diabetic patients who were selected using systematic simple random sampling methods. The pertinent data were collected using diabetic distress scale-17 (DDS-17). The instrument of the study was rated, piloted, and finally validated. Both descriptive and inferential techniques were used to analyze the data. The cutoff for low, moderate, and high distress level was <2, 2–2.9, and >3, respectively. The study revealed that the participant in the study area experienced a moderate level of distress. The status of diabetic distress for the diabetic sub-scale was also determined for emotional burden, physician-related distress, regimen-related distress, and interpersonal distress, it was also found to be (2.79 ± 0.85), (3.14 ± 0.87), (3.19 ± 0.81), and (3.04 ± 0.93) respectively. The most important domain in measuring diabetic distress was regimen-related distress. Statistically, a significant difference was detected in the level of diabetic distress among diabetic patients concerning marital status, educational status, the experience of living with diabetes, and having habits of planned physical exercise. Statistically, a significant difference was not observed for age, sex, and occupational status. Diabetic distress was a solemn psychological problem among diabetic patients in the hospitals of the Amhara Region. A strong policy document is required to bind the physical treatment with psychological elements to reduce distress
Trend and Determinants of Fertility in a Declining Fertility Regime: A Study of Rural Uttar Pradesh
Authors: Chauhan Bal Govind , Nagarajan R.
Published: April 2021

This study is an attempt to examine the socio-economic and demographic differentials in children ever born and desire for additional child in rural Uttar Pradesh using the empirical data set. Two stage stratified random sampling procedure was applied to select the respondents from ten villages of rural Raebareli district. Total 460 women having with at least one child below ten years of age were interviewed during September 2016 to February 2017. Children ever born (CEB) and desire for another child were the main outcome variables of the study. One-way ANOVA and chi-square test were used in the bi-variate analysis. Poisson regression and logistic regression were used in multivariate analysis. The mean children ever born in the study area was 2.7 children per women and 64.7 per cent of fecund women who had two children and not currently pregnant had no desire for another child. Women’s education, economic status of the household, autonomy index and higher caste group were significantly negatively associated with the children ever born in the study area. The desire for another child was significantly higher among those who had only daughters (OR = 1.99; p < 0.01). In conclusion, more emphasis needs to be placed on messages conveyed through the mass media, addressing the benefits of small family size and family planning, and programs that focus on reduction in newborn mortality could also be considered, which would also help to reduce fertility.
Association of Environmental Risk Factors and Personality Traits With Risky Driving Behaviors in a Sample of Young Adults From Saudi Arabia
Authors: Beaver Kevin M. , Al-Ghamdi Mohammed Said , Kobeisy Ahmed Nezar
Published: April 2021

Road traffic accidents represent a serious problem in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), with rates of such accidents far exceeding the rates in developed nations. Even so, there remains relatively little knowledge regarding the driving behaviors among Saudi Arabians. The current study sought to address this gap in the literature by examining the environmental and trait-based contributors to risky driving behaviors among male and female drivers in the KSA. To do so, a sample of college students from a large university in the KSA was analyzed. The results revealed that delinquent peers, low levels of self-control, and higher levels of driving anger were associated with involvement in risky driving behaviors for both male and female drivers. Understanding the interconnections among peers, self-control, anger, and risky driving behaviors may provide some insight into how to reduce risky driving behaviors. Focusing on ways to reduce exposure to risk factors for risky driving behaviors may be one strategy for reducing these types of driving behaviors.
Built Environment and HIV Linkage to Care in Rural South Africa
Authors: Shangase Nosipho , Pence Brian , Lippman Sheri A. , Dufour Mi-Suk Kang , Kabudula Chodziwadziwa Whiteson , Gómez-Olivé F. Xavier , Kahn Kathleen , Pettifor Audrey
Published: April 2021

Background

We assessed built environment (residential density, landuse mix and aesthetics) and HIV linkage to care (LTC) among 1,681 (18–49 years-old) residents of 15 Mpumalanga villages, South Africa.

Methods

Multilevel models (linear-binomial) were used for the association between built environment, measured using NEWS for Africa, and LTC from a clinical database of 9 facilities (2015–2018). Additionally, we assessed effect-measure modification by universal test-and-treat policy (UTT).

Results

We observed, a significant association in the adjusted 3-month probability of LTC for residential density (risk difference (RD)%: 5.6, 95%CI: 1.2–10.1), however, no association for land-use mix (RD%: 2.4, 95%CI: −0.4, 5.2) and aesthetics (RD%: −1.2, 95%CI: −4.5–2.2). Among those diagnosed after UTT, residents of high land-use villages were more likely to link-to-care than those of low land-use villages at 12 months (RD%: 4.6, 95%CI: 1.1–8.1, p < 0.04), however, not at 3 months (RD%: 3.0, 95%CI: −2.1–8.0, p > 0.10).

Conclusion

Findings suggest, better built environment conditions (adequate infrastructure, proximity to services etc.) help facilitate LTC. Moreover, UTT appears to have a protective effect on LTC.
Factors Associated With Parent-Adolescent Communication on Sexual and Reproductive Health Issues in Urban Slums of Ibadan, Southwest Nigeria
Authors: Aliyu Taofeek Kolawole , Aransiola Joshua Oyeniyi
Published: April 2021

In Nigeria, adolescents in urban slums are increasingly at risk of adverse sexual and reproductive health (SRH) outcomes. However, little is known about how individual factors predict parent-adolescent communication on SRH issues in a resource-poor urban setting in Ibadan. Thus, this study investigated individual factors associated with parent-adolescent communication on SRH issues in urban slums of Ibadan, southwest, Nigeria. This study is part of a larger project that explores the socio-ecological factors influencing parent-adolescent communication on SRH issues in selected slums in Ibadan, Nigeria. Within this broader framework, this paper relies on the quantitative data obtained in 10 selected slums. Interviewer-administered structured questionnaire [scripted on open data kits (ODK)] was utilized to collect data from a sample of 796 parent-adolescent dyads. Six SRH topics were investigated to describe the issues discussed. Analytical techniques utilized include; frequency counts, chi-square, and multinomial logistic regression. Parent-adolescent communication regarding SRH issues is not uncommon in urban slums of Ibadan but characterized by indirect communication, threat and warning. Parents and adolescents’ age, gender, marital/relationship status, educational attainments and religion played influential role in parent-adolescent communication regarding SRH issues. These factors were identified to be significantly associated with the pattern of parent-adolescent discussion of SRH issues. Age-specific SRH education should be available to adolescents and parents need to be educated on appropriate SRH information and the best way to engage their adolescents on SRH issues.
Prognosis of C4 dislocation with spinal cord injury following psychological intervention
Authors: Zhao Min-Chao , Yang Kai , Yang Bao-Hui , Guo Shuai , Wang Ya-Ping , Zhang Xiao-Wei , Li Hao-Peng
Published: April 2021

Objective

To investigate the effect of psychological intervention on the prognosis of patients with C4 dislocation and spinal cord injury.

Methods

We investigated target patients admitted between 2010 and 2018. Patients’ mental state, quality of life and neurological function at different time points were evaluated to examine the relationship between psychological intervention and recovery and prognosis of acute and critical spinal cord injury.

Results

All patients showed improvements in clinical symptoms, neurological function and quality of life. Psychological intervention significantly improved Zung Self-Rating Anxiety Scale score, Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale score and SF-36 Mental Component Summary score within 3 months. Japanese Orthopaedic Association neurological function score and SF-36 Physical Component Summary score were significantly improved after 1-year follow-up. Psychological intervention did not improve 2-year survival.

Conclusion

Timely and professional psychological intervention can eliminate the psychological disorders of C4 dislocation patients with spinal cord injury. This has a positive effect on their quality of life and prognosis.
Clinical importance of the distribution of pulmonary artery embolism in acute pulmonary embolism
Authors: Nie Yunqiang , Sun Li , Long Wei , LV Xin , Li Cuiyun , Wang Hui , Li Xing , Han Ping , Guo Miao
Published: April 2021

Objective

To explore the clinical importance of the distribution of pulmonary artery embolism in acute pulmonary embolism (APE).

Methods

Sixty-four patients with APE were classified into mixed-type and distal-type pulmonary embolism groups. Their right ventricular systolic pressure (RVSP) and disease duration were recorded, and the diameter of their right ventricles was measured by ultrasound. The computed tomography angiographic clot load was determined as a Mastora score.

Results

Patients with distal-type pulmonary embolisms had significantly lower RVSPs (44.92 ± 17.04 vs 55.69 ± 17.66 mmHg), and significantly smaller right ventricular diameters (21.08 ± 3.06 vs 23.37 ± 3.48 mm) than those with mixed-type pulmonary embolisms. Additionally, disease duration was significantly longer in patients with distal-type pulmonary embolisms (14.33 ± 11.57 vs 8.10 ± 7.10 days), and they had significantly lower Mastora scores (20.91% ± 18.92% vs 43.96% ± 18.30%) than patients with mixed-type pulmonary embolisms. After treatment, RVSPs decreased significantly in patients with both distal-type and mixed-type pulmonary embolisms. Right ventricle diameters also decreased significantly in patients with mixed-type pulmonary embolisms after treatment.

Conclusion

Patients with mixed-type pulmonary embolisms are significantly more susceptible to pulmonary hypertension, enlarged right ventricular diameters, and shorter durations of disease than those with distal-type pulmonary embolisms. The distribution of pulmonary artery embolism in APE can provide a clinical reference.
Neuralgic amyotrophy: an underrecognized entity
Authors: Kim Tae Uk , Chang Min Cheol
Published: April 2021

Neuralgic amyotrophy (NA) is markedly underdiagnosed in clinical practice, and its actual incidence rate is about 1 per 1000 per year. In the current article, we provide an overview of essential information about NA, including the etiology, clinical manifestations, diagnostic investigations, differential diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis. The causes of NA are multifactorial and include immunological, mechanical, or genetic factors. Typical clinical findings are a sudden onset of pain in the shoulder region, followed by patchy flaccid paralysis of muscles in the shoulder and/or arm. A diagnosis of NA is based on a patient’s clinical history and physical examination. Gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging and high-resolution magnetic resonance neurography are useful for confirming the diagnosis and choosing the appropriate treatment. However, before a diagnosis of NA is confirmed, other disorders with similar symptoms, such as cervical radiculopathy or rotator cuff tear, need to be ruled out. The prognosis of NA depends on the degree of axonal damage. In conclusion, many patients with motor weakness and pain are encountered in clinical practice, and some of these patients will exhibit NA. It is important that clinicians understand the key features of this disorder to avoid misdiagnosis.
Managerial leadership within Vietnam’s transition
Authors: Ren Shuang , Collins Ngan , Rowley Chris
Published: April 2021

Vietnam’s transition towards a market orientation has generated many changes in cultural values, competing demands and diverse expectations related to managerial leadership. This study makes a timely contribution to both theory and practice by exploring what makes effective leadership in the Vietnam’s context. Taking into account ‘universalistic’ and ‘contextual’ perspectives, this study addresses two research questions regarding the characteristics of indigenous leadership in Vietnam and its interaction with coexisting cultural values and norms in the country’s transition. These research questions were examined based on 48 qualitative interviews conducted across a broad spectrum of domestic-private, foreign-invested and state-owned companies. Study findings enrich the understanding of indigenous interpretations of the leadership phenomenon and provide support for context-specific examinations of general management leadership issues in transitional economies.
A comparative approach to corporate social performance and corporate financial performance: Moderating effects of conformity tendency in the industry
Authors: Jeong Nara
Published: April 2021

This article attempts to revisit the corporate social performance (CSP)-corporate financial performance (CFP) relationship using a comparative approach. Drawing insights from institutional theory and a strategic management perspective, we take into account tensions between conformity and differentiation by industry and year. Using a sample of 1001 firms and 6006 observations from 1993 to 2015, we test and find data in support of the argument that a firm can expect the highest financial performance (CFP) when its social performance (CSP) is slightly higher than the industry average. We also show that a tendency toward low conformity in an industry has a negative impact on this relationship by weakening conformity pressure. Specifically, a firm belonging to an industry with low conformity tendency has more latitude to deviate its social performance without significantly affecting its financial performance. In sum, we show the importance of using comparative approaches in the CSP-CFP literature.
Unleashing the potential of relational research: A meta-analysis of network studies in human geography
Authors: Glückler Johannes , Panitz Robert
Published: April 2021

Social network analysis has become a popular methodology in human geography. This article develops three propositions – connectivity, contextuality, and reflexivity – for relational analysis to overcome the dualism between universalist network science on the one hand and idiosyncratic network stories on the other. Building on a detailed meta-analysis of over 300 network studies published between 1990 and 2018, we offer a sympathetic critique of the actual use of network methods in human geography. To unleash further potential of network research, we propose several research strategies for more inclusive relational analysis, including informed pre-specification, triangulation, and communicative validation.
Fabrication, testing, and analysis of sandwich structure with composite skin and additive manufactured core
Authors: Lee Dooyoul , Kwon Hyeok-Jun , Yang Seongun , Kim Min-Saeng
Published: April 2021

The mechanical behavior of a sandwich structure made of woven glass/epoxy skins and an additive manufactured (AM) core was studied. The AM core was fabricated using polyetherimide and fused deposition modeling. This combination was chosen to increase the out-of-plane strength of an AM aircraft part. Tensile, flexural, and puncture tests were conducted for both the AM core and sandwich structure. The behavior of the beams was governed by the skins; however, the effect of the AM core for one-sided beams was significant. The tensile strength predicted by the simple mixture rule was in good agreement with the experimental results. For the flexural test specimen, sandwich beams were tested under three-point bending. The addition of composite skins increased the elastic modulus and flexural strength in both directions. The prevalent failure modes were skin wrinkling and core failure, and failure of the compressive skin was more likely. Puncture tests were conducted at three different temperatures. Owing to the increased bending stiffness, the sandwich structure did not exhibit ductile-to-brittle transition behavior.
Sequencing United Nations peacemaking: Political initiatives and peacekeeping operations
Authors: Dorussen Han , Böhmelt Tobias , Clayton Govinda
Published: April 2021

The UN has developed a diverse range of peacemaking tools, including different forms of political initiatives (diplomatic, technocratic, and political-development missions) and peacekeeping operations. Yet we know surprisingly little about when and why we observe the onset of different types of UN missions. Examining an “escalatory trajectory,” we analyze the United Nations Peace Initiatives data, a new dataset providing information on all different types of UN engagements. Our main contributions are that we provide insights into how the different types of missions relate to one another and conceptual clarity about what the different types of missions are.
Do Women’s Coping Responses to Unwanted Pursuit Behaviors Reduce Future Victimization? A Prospective Exploration
Authors: Richards Elizabeth , da Silva Emily Simões , Dardis Christina M.
Published: April 2021

While some studies have assessed perceptions of the effectiveness of coping responses to unwanted pursuit behavior (UPB) victimization, there is limited research assessing the prospective effectiveness of various coping responses in reducing victimization. The current study assessed the effectiveness of a range of coping responses in reducing UPB victimization over an 8-week timeframe. Undergraduate women who had reported experiencing two or more incidents of UPB following the break-up with a man within the past 3 years ( N =181) completed measures on coping responses. Whereas Moving Against and Moving Toward responses were bivariately correlated with increases in UPB victimization across the 8-week interim, in a multivariate model, none of the coping responses were associated with Time 2 UPB victimization; rather, higher frequencies of both Time 1 UPB victimization and concurrent Time 2 intimate partner violence predicted Time 2 UPB victimization. More research and replication studies are needed since the results here suggest that current UPB response recommendations (e.g., changing social media accounts, maintaining a log of contact from the perpetrator) do not result in reductions in victimization; further research is needed to identify responses that do result in a reduction of unwanted pursuit.
Vascular endothelial growth factor-mediated peritoneal neoangiogenesis in peritoneal dialysis
Authors: Shi Yingfeng , Hu Yan , Cui Binbin , Zhuang Shougang , Liu Na
Published: April 2021

Peritoneal dialysis (PD) is an important renal replacement therapy for patients with end-stage renal diseases, which is limited by peritoneal neoangiogenesis leading to ultrafiltration failure (UFF). Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and its receptors are key angiogenic factors involved in almost every step of peritoneal neoangiogenesis. Impaired mesothelial cells are the major sources of VEGF in the peritoneum. The expression of VEGF will be up-regulated in specific pathological conditions in PD patients, such as with non-biocompatible peritoneal dialysate, uremia and inflammation, and so on. Other working cells (i.e. vascular endothelial cells, macrophages and adipocytes) can also stimulate the secretion of VEGF. Meanwhile, hypoxia and activation of complement system further aggravate peritoneal injury and contribute to neoangiogenesis. There are several signalling pathways participating in VEGF-mediated peritoneal neoangiogenesis including tumour growth factor-β, Wnt/β-catenin, Notch and interleukin-6/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3. Moreover, VEGF is highly expressed in dialysate effluent of long-term PD patients and is associated with peritoneal transport function, which supports its role in the alteration of peritoneal structure and function. In this review, we systematically summarize the angiogenic effect of VEGF and evaluate it as a potential target for the prevention of peritoneal neoangiogenesis and UFF. Preservation of the peritoneal membrane using targeted therapy of VEGF-mediated peritoneal neoangiogenesis may increase the longevity of the PD modality for those who require life-long dialysis.
Individual entrepreneurial orientation, entrepreneurship education and entrepreneurial intention: The mediating role of entrepreneurial motivations
Authors: Hassan Aamir , Anwar Imran , Saleem Imran , Islam K.M. Baharul , Hussain Syed Abid
Published: April 2021

This paper examines the direct and indirect roles of individual entrepreneurial orientation and entrepreneurship education in determining students’ entrepreneurial intention through the mediation of entrepreneurial motivations. The study also attempts to ascertain the influence of entrepreneurship education on individual entrepreneurial orientation. Cross-sectional data were collected from 323 university students using the convenience sampling method. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to assess the model fitness and the reliability and validity of the data while hypotheses were tested using structural equation modeling. The findings affirm that entrepreneurship education facilitates both individual entrepreneurial orientation and entrepreneurial motivations and also has a positive association with entrepreneurial intention. More importantly, entrepreneurial motivations significantly mediate individual ‘entrepreneurial orientation–entrepreneurial intention’ and ‘entrepreneurship education–entrepreneurial intention’ relationships. The findings provide practical support for the framing of new educational policies to assist students in their existing and future entrepreneurial projects. The study contributes to the literature by recognizing the mediating effect of entrepreneurial motivations on the above relationships. It also adds to the scarce literature on the lately recognized individual entrepreneurial orientation construct.
Response to Christopher Insole’s Kant and the Divine: From Contemplation to the Moral Law (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2020)
Authors: Adams Nicholas
Published: April 2021

This is a response given at the book launch for Christopher Insole’s Kant and the Divine: From Contemplation to the Moral Law (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2020), hosted jointly, in November 2020, by the Centre for Catholic Studies, Durham University, and the Australian Catholic University. The response considers the gap between the textual Kant (as set out by Insole), and the received Kant, and reflects on how theologians have been too quick either to condemn and dismiss (a poorly interpreted) Kant, or to rehabilitate Kant for theological projects, which Kant would have been opposed to, given his deepest philosophical commitments.
Ride comfort analysis of driver seat using super twisting sliding mode controlled magnetorheological suspension system
Authors: Soosairaj Arockia Suthan , Kandavel Arunachalam
Published: April 2021

In order to improve the ride comfort of the driver, a higher-order Sliding Mode Controller was proposed in this study for a semiactive magnetorheological (MR) suspension system. The work is mainly focused on improving the ride comfort of the driver with simultaneous improvement in road holding capability of the vehicle and to study the effects of using Super Twisting Sliding Mode Controller (STSMC) in a quarter car with driver seat model. The modified Bouc-Wen model was simulated using MATLAB/Simulink software and the STSMC was adopted to control the voltage variation in MR damper using Continuous State Control (CSC) algorithm. The controller and the suspension system parameters were analysed in time domain with random road inputs. Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) analysis was also carried out to show the effectiveness of the controller towards improving the driver seat comfort. The STSMC-controlled MR damper was used as a primary suspension and the effectiveness of its controllability was compared with passive suspension system. The uncontrolled MR suspension system was also analysed in order to verify the fail-proof advantage of the MR damper. From the results, it was found that the ride comfort was extremely improved when STSMC controller was used than when the uncontrolled MR and passive suspension systems were employed. The uncertainty of the STSMC was verified for different passenger masses and it achieved a robust control over load variation. The selected STSMC was validated with the first-order Sliding Mode Controller and the results were discussed in terms of time-domain analysis.
Empirical study on ultrasonic assisted turn-milling
Authors: Amini Saeid , Baraheni Mohammad , Khaki Mohammad
Published: April 2021

Turn-milling process has been paid attention in order to be used in multi-task machining processes. Moreover, looking for new machining techniques aimed at reducing cutting force is of important. Reducing cutting force in machining processes has the benefits of extending tool life and improving surface quality. One of the new concepts for reducing the cutting force is applying ultrasonic vibration. In this paper, effects of ultrasonic vibration under different machining parameters in turn-milling process of Al-7075 alloy will be investigated. In this order, a special mechanism was designed to apply ultrasonic vibration during machining process. Ultrasonic vibration exertion on the tool reduced cutting force and surface roughness up to 75% and 35%, respectively. Also tool rotational speed increment induced cutting force and surface roughness increment. In addition, tool feed rate and workpiece rotational speed increment caused cutting force and surface roughness increment. Although, feed rate was more influential.
A novel phenomenological constitutive model for Ti-6Al-4V at high temperature conditions and quasi-static strain rates
Authors: Ashrafian Mohammad Mahdi , Hosseini Kordkheili Seyed Ali
Published: April 2021

Phenomenological constitutive modeling of Ti-6Al-4V at temperatures between 923 and 1023 K under 0.0005–0.05 s−1 quasi-static rates is studied based on a phenomenological approach. For this purpose, the Johnson–Cook constitutive model is revisited. At low temperature conditions under moderate to high strain rates, the material’s stress–strain curves are the most similar to power-law function. Contrary to this, at high temperature conditions under low to moderate strain rates, the saturation-type function well describes the stress–strain curves. On the other hand, it is illustrated that the Johnson–Cook constitutive model is feeble to predict the material’s behavior correctly. Accordingly, in this study, a viscoplastic temperature-dependent constitutive model is developed. The strain rate hardening as well as thermal softening of the developed model is the same as the Johnson–Cook model. But a temperature-dependent strain hardening function is proposed in which both the saturation-type and power-law hardening behaviors of the material are implemented. In comparison with the Johnson–Cook model, the new constitutive model’s fidelity in capturing the titanium behavior is depicted. At last, by considering an Arrhenius-type phenomenological constitutive model, it is noted that the developed constitutive model has the best correctness in predicting the Ti-6Al-4V stress–strain behavior at high temperature conditions under quasi-static rates.
Dogs Mentally Represent Jealousy-Inducing Social Interactions
Authors: Bastos Amalia P. M. , Neilands Patrick D. , Hassall Rebecca S. , Lim Byung C. , Taylor Alex H.
Published: April 2021

Jealousy may have evolved to protect valuable social bonds from interlopers, but some researchers have suggested that it is linked to self-awareness and theory of mind, leading to claims that it is unique to humans. We presented dogs ( N = 18; 11 females; age: M = 4.6 years, SD = 1.9) with situations in which they could observe an out-of-sight social interaction between their owner and a fake dog or between their owner and a fleece cylinder. We found evidence for three signatures of jealous behavior in dogs: (a) Jealousy emerged only when the dog’s owner interacted with a perceived social rival, (b) it occurred as a consequence of that interaction and not because of the mere presence of a conspecific, and (c) it emerged even for an out-of-sight interaction between the dog’s owner and a social rival. These results support claims that dogs display jealous behavior, and they provide the first evidence that dogs can mentally represent jealousy-inducing social interactions.
On the effect of geometry of w-wave trenches on film cooling performance of gas turbine blades
Authors: Bakhshinejad Bahambari Alireza , Kayhani Mohammad Hassan , Norouzi Mahmood
Published: April 2021

In the present study, three types of w-wave trenches with different amplitude configurations are compared with transverse trench (TT), and the use of variable radius fillet (VRF) on downstream lips at different blowing ratio is numerically investigated to measure heat transfer coefficient, and cooling effectiveness. The numerical results are obtained by three-dimensional Reynolds average Navier–Stokes equations (RANS) while employing shear stress transport turbulence models, which are validated by comparing with experimental data. The trench width is kept constant in all cases, yet the three different amplitudes and variable fillet radiuses offered a variety of designs in trench film cooling. The results showed that w-wave trenches impressively improved film cooling effectiveness over the transverse trench, and utilizing fillets at downstream lips of the trench caused significant enhancement on both lateral averaged and centerline cooling performance. Due to the w-wave trench configuration, anti-counter-rotating vortices responsible for pushing coolant film toward the near-wall were formed throughout of downstream wall of the trench, and the cooling flow thus had a more uniform structure. The heat transfer coefficient distributions of filleted w-wave trenches are observed to be more uniform than simple w-wave and transverse trench under all blowing ratio conditions. Moreover, enlargement of the fillet radius in Cases 2 and 3 yielded to the growth of centerline coolant flow, which in turn resulted in the improvement of film cooling effectiveness at all blowing ratios.
Fault detection and isolation based on space projection operator for hypersonic re-entry vehicles with concurrent actuator faults
Authors: Jiang Taiping , Chen Fuyang , Liu Yuxi
Published: April 2021

This article investigates fault detection, isolation and fault-tolerant control for an over-actuated system in hypersonic re-entry vehicle with concurrent actuator faults and disturbance. A series of residuals developed by spatial projection operators is only sensitive to certain faults that can decouple the effects of faults in different directions. Threshold intervals designed through sliding-time windows and a hypothesis test are used to detect faults. Single and concurrent fault isolation can be achieved by utilizing different residual combinations. Subsequently, an augmented observer is introduced to estimate the faults and satisfies the [Formula: see text]-gain constraint to reduce the effect of disturbances. Finally, an adaptive backstepping fault-tolerant control algorithm is designed to achieve stable attitude tracking. The stability of the proposed schemes is proved by Lyapunov and linear matrix inequality theories. Numerical simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed methods.
Exposure misclassification in propensity score-based time-to-event data analysis
Authors: Yang Yingrui , Wang Molin
Published: April 2021

In epidemiology, identifying the effect of exposure variables in relation to a time-to-event outcome is a classical research area of practical importance. Incorporating propensity score in the Cox regression model, as a measure to control for confounding, has certain advantages when outcome is rare. However, in situations involving exposure measured with moderate to substantial error, identifying the exposure effect using propensity score in Cox models remains a challenging yet unresolved problem. In this paper, we propose an estimating equation method to correct for the exposure misclassification-caused bias in the estimation of exposure-outcome associations. We also discuss the asymptotic properties and derive the asymptotic variances of the proposed estimators. We conduct a simulation study to evaluate the performance of the proposed estimators in various settings. As an illustration, we apply our method to correct for the misclassification-caused bias in estimating the association of PM2.5 level with lung cancer mortality using a nationwide prospective cohort, the Nurses’ Health Study. The proposed methodology can be applied using our user-friendly R program published online.
Hacking migration control: Repurposing and reprogramming deportability
Authors: Franck Anja K , Vigneswaran Darshan
Published: April 2021

What sort of political actors are international migrants? This article approaches this question by studying how migrants move between legality and illegality. We have struggled to understand the political content of this behaviour, because we have viewed it as either an attempt to gain the state’s acceptance as quasi-citizens or an attempt to autonomously subvert the state. However, migrants are more ambivalent political actors than either of these perspectives suggest. We argue that the political content of migrants’ efforts to move between legality and illegality can be better understood as a form of ‘hacking’: the ‘repurposing’ of institutionalized forms of political status in ways that compel the ‘reprogramming’ of systems of control. In order to develop this argument empirically, we draw on ethnographic research on the governance of migration between Myanmar and Malaysia.
Trade and Convergence: Empirical Evidence from BRICS Countries
Authors: Lohani Kuldeep Kumar
Published: April 2021

The present article attempts to analyse trade and per capita income convergence for the BRICS countries. The effects of economic bloc formation on their trade and income distribution or convergence (divergence) among the countries have been analysed. To observe the effect of trade on convergence rates, intra-trade group, single difference approach and panel unit roots tests have been used. The convergence measure is estimated between BRICS countries and their major trading partners from post-trade liberalization period. The study revealed that BRICS countries converged over the study period. However, the evidence on post-BRICS economic bloc formation shows an insignificant relationship. The results of the analysis of post-trade liberalization of BRICS countries vary among the BRICS countries. Further, panel unit roots test results confirm that conditional convergence is taking place within BRICS bloc and all export-based groups except for Indian economy and import-based groups. Besides, absolute convergence has been confirmed for all the groups. Thus, the study suggests the need of BRICS countries to actively engage in trade and investment activities.
Development of an autobiographical memory test for older electroconvulsive therapy candidates
Authors: Allan Daniel , Croucher Matthew , Gee Susan , Porter Richard
Published: April 2021

Objectives:

To develop a test of autobiographical memory for monitoring of older people during a course of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT).

Method:

A list of events commonly experienced in later life was gathered from older people ( n = 26) at a psychogeriatric day clinic and from psychiatrists ( n = 23) who work with older depressed patients. The most common events were chosen as question domains for an autobiographical memory interview. This was piloted with 12 severely depressed older patients.

Results:

A list of 15 common life events was developed. After pilot testing, a final 30-item questionnaire covering six common life events was proposed.

Conclusion:

This study developed an autobiographical memory test with good face validity and potential for clinical use. It was modelled on a well-validated scale (The Columbia University Autobiographical Memory Interview, CUAMI-SF) and represented a useful first step in the development of a test for memory loss in older patients receiving ECT. The proposed test may be particularly sensitive to autobiographical memory loss in older people undergoing ECT because it uses recent personal memories, which are relatively commonly experienced in the older depressed population.
A Dynamic Framework of Noneconomic Goals and Inter-Family Agency Complexities in Multi-Family Firms
Authors: Chrisman James J. , Madison Kristen , Kim Taewoo
Published: April 2021

Multi-family firms represent an important and complex type of family firm that is not as well understood as single-family firms. We develop a governance-based framework of the agency complexities in multi-family firms, theorizing that divergent family-centered noneconomic goals between the owning families create complex inter-family agency problems that are intensified by evolving family dynamics. We propose governance mechanisms that address these problems by limiting opportunistic behavior associated with the pursuit of noneconomic goals related to firm control, family altruism, social capital, and transgenerational succession. We then present a future research agenda that can expand our knowledge of multi-family firms.
Examining the Characteristics of Patients With Non-Malignant Lung Disease at the Time of Referral to An Inter-Professional Supportive Care Clinic
Authors: Reipas Kristen M. , Grossman Daphna L. , Lock Karen , Caraiscos Valerie B.
Published: April 2021

Context:

Patients with non-malignant, advanced lung diseases (NMALD), such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and interstitial lung disease (ILD), experience a high symptom burden over a prolonged period. Involvement of palliative care has been shown to improve symptom management, reduce hospital visits and enhance psychosocial support; however, optimal timing of referral is unknown.

Objective:

The aim of this study was to identify the stage in the illness trajectory that patients with NMALD are referred to an ambulatory palliative care clinic.

Methods:

A retrospective chart review was conducted on all patients with NMALD who attended a Supportive Care Clinic (SCC) between March 1, 2017 and March 31, 2019.

Results:

Thirty patients attended the SCC during the study period. The most common diagnoses included COPD (36.7%), ILD (36.7%), and bronchiectasis (3.3%). At the time of initial consultation, the majority (89.4%) had Medical Research Council (MRC) class 4-5 dyspnea, however, only 1 patient had been prescribed opioids for management of breathlessness. Twenty-six patients had advance care planning discussions in the SCC. Phone appointments were a highly utilized feature of the program as patients had difficulty attending in-person appointments due to frailty and dyspnea. One-half of patients had at least 1 disease-related hospital admission in the previous year. Six patients were referred directly to home palliative care at their initial consultation.

Conclusions:

Referral to palliative care often occurs at late stages in non-malignant lung disease. Further, opioids for the management of dyspnea are significantly underutilized by non-palliative providers.