bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of service-learning with one movement for a nature program on senior high school students pro-environmental behaviors
Authors: Bari Fathul , Sumarmi Sumarmi , Astina I Komang
Published: October 2022

This study aims to determine the effect of the service-learning model using one movement for nature activities on students' pro-environmental attitudes. The design used in this study was quasi-experimental. This research was carried out at State Senior High School 1 Tanjung Bumi Madura in class XI IPS 2 as a control class and XI IPS 3 as an experimental class. Data analysis was performed using the SPSS 24.0 application. The results of the normality test suggested that the data were not normally distributed, therefore, the calculation was carried out using the Wilcoxon Signed-Rank test. Based on the results of the Wilcox-on signed-rank test, the Z value was -4.365 and the asymp sig value. (2-tailed) 0.000 was smaller than the five percent alpha level (0.05), signifying that H0 was rejected while H1 was accepted. Therefore, the service-learning model using one movement for nature activities carries effects on students' pro-environmental behavior.
Building a resilient community with an ICT-Powered Local Government Unit (LGU): Community-based disaster solution
Authors: Macose Von Gerald D
Published: October 2022

The Philippines is the 3rd most disaster-prone country globally. While the Aurora, one of its provinces facing the Pacific, is included in 27 identified high-risk provinces in the Philippines. Due to its high disaster risk, the community and the local government craft different policies and innovations to ensure the local population's safety. This development research study harnesses the potential of ICT in providing solutions for the community. The researcher develops an ICT solution that empowers the LGU and the community, thus helping them in formulating decisions and responses. The chaos and panic caused by disasters demand quick solutions as time plays a critical role in these situations. Substantially, Information and Communication Technology appear. Through this research innovation, data sets were hyper-localized with the community in Barangay levels as the main information providers. Disaster maps and the DRR (Disaster Risk Reduction) tools were personalized based on the data supplied by the community. The study primarily targeted extending this technology to the LGU. LGUs, being the first responders, are the ones responsible for community development, play a key role in achieving society's resilience to disasters, and ensure the resilience of the municipalities under their jurisdiction. The findings of this study can be a reference for the other studies of Geography concerning increasing community resilience.
Fisherman community health behavior in facing COVID 19 pandemic at Port III, Pamekasan Regency
Authors: Budijanto Budijanto , Deffinika Ifan , Putra Alfyananda Kurnia Putra
Published: October 2022

The problem of slum and squatter settlement is caused by improper environmental planning. This study examines socioeconomic determinants of human health by adopting concepts of population morbidity from Mosley and Chen. The purpose of this study was to analyze various conditions behind the low environmental health behavior of fishermen's households in the face of the COVID 19 pandemic. This study used a quantitative approach with a population from fishermen's households. The samples were selected purposively by considering economic and spatial conditions. Primary data collection was carried out through structured and in-depth interviews. The dependent variable in this study was individual disease control, particularly the standard health protocol during the COVID 19 pandemic. Meanwhile, the independent variable of the population health behavior was measured using a Likert scale. Those independent variables consisted of hand hygiene, the use of masks, and maintaining distance. The results showed that as many as 30 percent of fisherman households were classified as the population with good quality health behavior, 43.33 percent of the population presented moderate-quality health behavior, and 26.77 percent of the population had poor quality health behavior. Those behaviors might be caused by their relatively low perception and knowledge on the importance of maintaining health during the COVID 19 pandemic.
Yeni Medyada Dijital Aktivizm Göstergeleri: Kadına Yönelik Şiddetle Mücadele Örgütleri Üzerine Bir İnceleme
Authors: ACAR ŞENTÜRK Zülfiye , TOS Onur , DIVRAK Ebru
Published: October 2022

Bilgi iletişim teknolojilerindeki gelişmeler, aktivizm sergileyen grupların etkileşimli olmasını sağlamaktadır. Bu çerçevede sivil toplum kuruluşları (STK), dernekler ve platformlar gerçekleştirilecek hareketlerde, duyurularda, protesto etme ya da bir olayla ilgili mücadele sergilenmesinde, oluşumlarda yeni medya platformları Twitter ve Instagram’ı etkin bir şekilde kullanabilmektedir. Türkiye özelinde kadına yönelik şiddet olaylarının, cinayet ve istismar gibi hak ihlallerinin arttığı günümüzde, “Cinsel Şiddetle Mücadele Derneği” (CŞMD) ve “Kız Başına” platformları yeni medyada dijital aktivizm hareketlerini şiddetle ilgili konulara dikkat çekerek sergileyen dernek ve sosyal medya platformudur. Bu doğrultuda çalışma kapsamında iki platformun 01 Mart – 15 Nisan 2021 tarihleri arasında altı haftalık dönemde resmi Twitter ve Instagram hesaplarından yaptıkları paylaşımlar incelenmektedir. Çalışmanın amacı ise; sivil toplum kuruluşu olarak Cinsel Şiddetle Mücadele Derneği ile Kız Başına Platformu’nun yeni medyayı halkla ilişkiler modelleri bağlamında nasıl kullandığını irdelemek ve diyalogsal iletişim ilkelerini paylaşımlarına nasıl yansıttıklarını belirlemektir. Çalışmada verilerin toplanması sosyal medya üzerinden dokuman incelemesi tekniğiyle sağlanmaktadır. Verilerin analizleri için hazırlanan kod cetveli Grunig ve Hunt’ın halkla ilişkiler modelleri ve Kent ve Taylor’un diyalogsal iletişim ilkeleri doğrultusunda şekillenmektedir. Analizler doğrultusunda, dernek ve platformun Twitter’ı halkla ilişkiler modelleri bağlamında kamuoyu bilgilendirme çerçevesinde kullandığı; Instagram platformunda ise derneğin kamuoyu bilgilendirmeye, platformun ise iki yönlü asimetrik modele yoğunlaştığı saptanmıştır.
Risk İletişiminde Geleneksel Medya: Gazete Haberlerinin Deprem Felaketleri Örnekleminde Analizi
Authors: VURAL Ali Murat , BOZTEPE TAŞKIRAN Hatun , TÜRKOĞLU Süleyman , SARI Mehmet , MARAL Taylan , KESKİN Recep Kutluay , KOPARAN Emre , YÜNCÜOĞLU Betül , GÜLNAR Mehmet , AĞCA Mahmut Enes , ŞAHİN Hülya , ÜNLÜ Türkay Türkan
Published: October 2022

Bireylerin doğal afetler hakkındaki bilgilerini ve risk algılarını şekillendirmede önemli bir rol oynayan medya, bu niteliği ile risk ve afet yönetiminin ayrılmaz bir parçasıdır. Türkiye için en yüksek doğal afet riskleri arasında ilk sırada yer alan depreme yönelik, medya aracılığıyla gerçekleştirilecek iletişim faaliyetlerinin niteliği, hedeflemesi, içeriği ve yoğunluğu da özel bir düzenlemeyi ve önemi gerektirmektedir. Afetler sırasında ve sonrasında olduğu kadar başta deprem olmak üzere tüm afetlere ilişkin riskler için de birincil bilgilenme, tutum geliştirme ve davranışa dönüştürme kaynağını medya oluşturmaktadır. Bu bakış açısından hareketle, geleneksel medyanın en önemli araçlarından biri olan gazetelerin depreme ilişkin içeriklerinin analizi çalışmanın odağını oluşturmuştur. Gazetelerin, deprem riski içeriklerindeki bilgi, kaynak, aktör, yoğunluk, genişlik ve tekrar düzeylerinin saptanması amacıyla, Basın İlan Kurumu 2021 yılı tiraj verileri temel alınmış ve buna göre en yüksek satış rakamına sahip Sabah, Hürriyet, Sözcü, Posta, Milliyet ve Türkiye gazetelerinden oluşan örneklem üzerinde, yakın zamanda yaşanmış İstanbul ve İzmir depremlerine ilişkin haberlere, nitel araştırma yönteminin bir tekniği olarak içerik analizi uygulanmıştır. Araştırmada medyanın sadece depremin yaşanmasının ardından konuyu yoğun olarak haberleştirdiği, konuyla ilgisinin ancak afet ile birlikte oluştuğu görülmüştür. Ayrıca, depreme yönelik açıklama ve bilgilendirme yapan aktörlerin, depremin toplumsal etkilerine göre değişiklik gösterdiği, riskin iletişimine yönelik anlamlı bir çalışmanın söz konusu olmadığı ve depreme yönelik haberlerin gündeme geliş zaman, biçim ve oranlarının medya organları açısından oldukça benzerlik taşıdığı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Araştırma bulguları, ülkenin sahip olduğu en büyük risklerden biri olan depreme ilişkin ‘risk iletişimi’nde, medyanın kurumsal olarak taşıdığı işlev, önem ve sorumlulukların yeniden tartışılmaya muhtaç olduğunu göstermektedir.
The Effect of FoMO (Fear of Missing Out) on Purchasing Behavior in Public Relations Practices
Authors: BEKMAN Müge
Published: October 2022

Technology has been developing rapidly for a very long time, and this development creates new dynamics in all areas of life. Now, there is almost no area independent from the phenomenon of technology and technological tools. In this context, public relations practices also try to influence people’s purchasing behavior through different tools and applications. Since public relations cannot be considered only as a promotional and image activity, the relationship of the issue with purchasing practices is established in this study. On the other hand, people’s buying behavior is influenced by certain methods. The aim of this article is to examine the effect of fear of missing out (FoMO) on developments, which is a new concept in public relations practices, on individuals’ purchasing behavior through the example of Trendyol. In this study, the extent to which the consumer's FoMO on the activities and life experiences of others affects their purchasing behavior is discussed. At the same time, how demographic structure affects purchasing behavior is also examined. The method of the study is structural equation modeling from a statistical point of view. The results of the study show that the increase in the fear of missing out affects purchasing behavior. It has been observed that this does not differ according to gender but differs according to education level and income source.Keywords: Public Relations, Fear of Missing Out (FoMO), Purchasing Behavior
Design of a Novel Split-Bowtie Slotted Multi-Resonant Antenna
Authors:   Electrical Engineering Dept., Faculty of Engineering, Palestine Polytechnic University, Hebron, Palestine, Ata Osama W. , Jawadeh Mutaz I.
Published: October 2022

This article demonstrates a novel design of a split-bowtie slotted multi-resonant antenna. The design process was inspired from previous research of integrating a slot of a similar profile to the outer boundary of a rectangular patch antenna. The followed approach presents steps of proposed antenna evolution, which starts with a bowtie-shape slotted antenna and a coaxial feed to a final design with a split-bowtie-shaped slot, and a double transmission line feed. Polar dimensions of the outer boundary (radii and angle) and slot profiles together with the dimensions of the feed, whether coaxial or transmission line, were considered as parameters for optimization. Four antennas were accordingly studied, which led to the final split-bowtie-shaped antenna IV. These designs were performed utilizing a special simulation package called "CST Microwave Suite" that included the optimizer "Genetic Algorithm". The final design offers 4 simultaneous bands from a single split-bowtie-shaped slot; a big advantage of unnecessary integration of a set of complicated slots on front and ground planes. Further, the antenna finds applications in mobile GSM and LTE bands 900/1800 MHz and 2.1 GHz, together with the satellite communications band 1.25 GHz. It is therefore simple, non-reconfigurable, easy to fabricate, designed on a single copper layer, with a low cost FR4 substrate and a plane copper ground.
Wireless Networks Encryption by Simulation of Attacks
Authors:   Jerash University, Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology, Jerash, Jordan, Alodat Iyas
Published: October 2022

Wireless LANs widespread use is attributable to a combination of factors, including simple construction, employee convenience, connection selection convenience, and the ability to support continual movement from residences to large corporate networks. For organizations, however, the availability of wireless LAN means an increased danger of cyberattacks and challenges, according to IT professionals and security specialists. This paper examines many of the security concerns and vulnerabilities associated with the IEEE 802.11 Wireless LAN encryption standard, as well as typical cyber threats and attacks affecting wireless LAN systems in homes and organizations, and provides general perception of weaknesses for home and business users.
Creating an Interactive Environment for Learning Microplastics VIA a Board Game at the Museum
Authors:   Institute for Innovative Learning, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, 73170 Thailand, Adjiningsih Riris Sejati , Sriwattanarothai Namkang
Published: October 2022

A Museum is an important place to promote science literacy for people. Recently, museums have developed educational materials and exhibits for learning and raising awareness of global issues. Microplastics have become a global environmental issue. A board game has been used to implement many environmental problems effectively. This study, therefore, aimed to develop a board game with simple simulation in a spreadsheet to create an interactive environment to learn about microplastics and their impact on the environment. The developed board game was implemented at the natural history museum in Thailand with six undergraduates studying life science who voluntarily participated in the study. The multi-answer questions, mind map, and worksheet were used to assess the understanding of microplastics when the participants completed the first game. Data from observation of the participants’ interaction during the game was also used to support the result. Data pointed that the participants gained some information from the action and information provided in the board game. Participants could clearly state the sources of microplastics. They also demonstrated the knowledge of microplastics’ cause and effect on living organisms and how to manage microplastics concentrations in the environment. However, the concept of a microplastic pathway was missing, which would be discussed.
Designing Codes for Making AI Robots that Accompany English Learning
Authors:   Department of Business Administration, National Chiayi University, Chiayi City, Taiwan, Weng Ting-sheng , Hsu Meng-Hui
Published: October 2022

Robots with human movements and facial expressions are easy to approach for children. If such a robot has some artificial intelligence, it can help children learn a variety of things. Therefore, by interacting with this robot, children can learn English and practice daily conversations in English, even learning how to get along with people and develop good social skills. Hence, the purpose of this research is to use an online graphical programming tool -CodeLab- to create a good interaction mode between humans and Kebbi Air robots, and help children learn and talk in English in an interactive way. By using this tool, this research created a function so that users can recognize English Words in a period of time. In this way, preschoolers can easily learn basic English Words and simple daily conversations to lay a good foundation for language education. In addition, parents can remotely observe their children's learning through the AI robot camera, and use the robot to discuss learning content with their children. The research results showed that artificial intelligence robots are beneficial to improve children's learning enthusiasm and attention, build their self-confidence, and encourage them to learn, listen and speak English.
Energy and exergy analyses of a two-stage organic rankine cycle with low pressure stage regeneration for IC engine waste heat recovery
Authors: NAGESWARA REDDY Pereddy
Published: October 2022

A two-stage Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) with Low Pressure Stage Regeneration (LPSR) proposed in this article is intended to utilize the engine coolant energy completely for vaporization of organic fluid in a Low Pressure stage Heat Exchanger (LPHE) and the engine exhaust energy for sensible heating, vaporization and super heating of organic fluid in a High Pressure stage Heat Exchanger (HPHE) besides utilizing the superheated vapor energy of exhaust from Low Pressure stage Turbine (LPT) in a regenerator. Since regeneration is used only at low pressure stage, the energy associated with the engine exhaust gases can be utilized to the maximum extent by lowering its temperature nearer to the temperature of liquid phase working fluid after High Pressure stage Pump (HPP), thereby maximizing the Waste Heat Recovery (WHR) potential of the bottoming two stage ORC. The WHR efficiency of two-stage ORC with and without LPSR is analyzed at a typical operating condition of the engine using a nearly dry fluid R123 and a nearly isentropic fluid R134a as the working substances. It is observed that the thermal efficiency of the two-stage ORC with R123 is higher than that with R134a. The LP stage regeneration has been found to be effective in increasing the thermal efficiency and, in turn, the WHR efficiency of the two-stage ORC with both R123 and R134a. The increase in the fuel efficiency of the IC engine due to the bottoming two-stage ORC is found to be 7.22% with R123 and 6.21% with R134a with LPSR and 6.58% with R123 and 5.51% with R134a without LPSR. The optimum pressure in HPHE is found to be about 2.5 MPa and 3.5 MPa with R123 and R134a respectively.
COVID-19 lockdown – Health and nutritional status of the general public in Lucknow
Authors: Kumari Neelam , Shukla Sarika , Jemima Deevena , Singh Anjali , Kant Surya
Published: October 2022

When the Indian Government announced a nationwide lockdown on March 24, 2020, the lives of Indian people were changed immediately as people started shifting to a different way of living. Therefore, to assess the impact and effect of the nationwide lockdown on the health status and lifestyle habits of the general population, this study was conducted on a sample size of 70 people based in Lucknow. The participants were administered a questionnaire with questions on their diet, lifestyle habits and health. Data was then analysed using Microsoft Excel. The results showed significant changes in the daily routine and habits of people during the lockdown. Lifestyle changes such as increase in snacking, smoking and consuming alcohol could lead to future problems such as increase in the development of non-communicable diseases.
Pyoderma gangrenosum in tuberculosis: A rare association
Authors: Parida Sonali , Sen Poulomi
Published: October 2022

Pyoderma gangrenosum is an uncommon dermatological condition with varied etiology. Mostly it is associated with inflammatory conditions and malignancies as well. Tuberculosis being a chronic infective process can also be associated with pyoderma gangrenosum although rare. We report a case of tuberculous pleural effusion presenting with pyoderma gangrenosum during the course of treatment and its subsequent management while continuing the treatment for tuberculosis.
The strategy of the genesis of the male generative sphere of the winter‐flowering shrub Jasminum nudiflorum Lindl. (Oleaceae) under the conditions of the Southern coast of Crimea
Authors: Kuzmina T. N.
Published: October 2022

Aim. Analysis of the dynamics of growth and development of anthers of the winter‐flowering shrub Jasminum nudiflorum in the conditions of the Southern coast of Crimea in connection with the determination of an adaptive strategy for the genesis of the male generative sphere of the species.

Material and Methods.  The  stages  of genesis  of  Jasminum nudiflorum anthers were determined during the weekly analysis of temporary and permanent  preparations  of  buds  collected  from  June  to  December 2018–2020. The dynamics of the growth of anthers was determined by calculating the relative growth rate (R), based on the actual data of their lengths.

Results. The genesis of J. nudiflorum anthers takes 6–7 months and is characterized by alternating periods of decreasing and increasing growth intensity. A high positive correlation was established between the lengths of J. nudiflorum anthers and their development stages (r=0,94). The premeiotic period lasts from the 2nd decade of June to the 3rd decade of August. In it, it is possible to distinguish the resting phase, which falls on the 3rd decade of July – I decade of August, after which the growth and differentiation of anther tissues is activated. During the period of microsporogenesis (1st – 2nd decades of October), the growth intensity reaches its maximum values. The average daily air temperature during this period is +16...+18°C. In the post‐arctic period (2nd decade of October – 3rd decade of December), when the differentiation of the gametophyte occurs, there is a decrease in the relative growth rate of anthers. In winter, the anthers are at the stage of vacuolated microspores, which can tolerate short‐term freezing without reducing the quality of pollen.

Conclusions. The strategy of the genesis of the male generative sphere in the winter‐flowering shrub is characterized by alternating periods of increase and decrease of the intensity of their growth, which are timed to certain stages of development and seasons of the year and are adaptive in nature, aimed at reducing the influence of stress from meteorological and climatic factors, which is important for the production of a fertile gametophyte.
Phytoplankton of the middle Caspian Sea: analysis of changes in the structure of the community over the past decades
Authors: Vostokov S. V. , Pautova L. A. , Saling I. V. , Vostokova A. S. , Ustarbekova Dz. A. , Lobachev E. N. , Abtahi B. , Shojaei M. G.
Published: October 2022

Aim.  Analysis  of  changes  in  quantitative  and  structural  indicators  of phytoplankton in the western and central part of the middle Caspian Sea over the past decades, including according to remote sensing data.

Material  and  Methods.  The  data  was  obtained  in  2004–2008  and 2019–2022 at different seasons of the year at 40 stations in the central and western part of the middle Caspian Sea. Phytoplankton samples were taken  from  4–6 layers.  A  total  of  300 samples  of phytoplankton  were analyzed. Determination of species and counting of the number of cells was carried out under the “Ergaval” light microscope. WoRMS guided matters of nomenclature.

Results. The spring phytoplankton is dominated by the species traditional for the Caspian Sea – Cyclotella caspia diatoms and Prorocetrum micans dinoflagellates. The maximum abundance of C. caspia (5.0 x 104 cell/l) was recorded at depths of 35–40 m. In summer, the maximum phytoplankton biomass (2.2 g/m3) was noted in the seasonal thermocline and was formed due to small flagellates and dinoflagellates. Phytoplankton biomass during winter blooms reached 4.5–5.0 g/m3 and was determined by the development of diatoms (up to 96–99%). Winter blooms were formed by the diatom species traditional for the sea, as well as by the Pseudo‐nitschia seriata and Cerataulina pelagica species.

Conclusion. It is shown that in the middle Caspian Sea, the winter and autumn seasons are characterized by a highly productive status. In January–February, periodic blooms of diatoms are observed, as confirmed by satellite data and in situ observations. In summer, phytoplankton biomass is determined by the mass development of dinoflagellates in the seasonal thermocline layer, which has not been recorded by remote methods. In the autumn phytoplankton the main role is played by the diatom component, represented mainly by alien species.
Analysis of diversity and functional traits of epiphytic lichens in Dagestan forests of different formations
Authors: Ismailov A. B.
Published: October 2022

Aim. The structure of forest communities changes along the altitude gradient, which determines the composition of epiphytic lichens. The aim of the study is to compare the species composition and functional characteristics of epiphytic lichens in Dagestan forests of different formations to identify key differences in the lichen flora.

Material and Methods. Data on diversity and structure of 334 species of epiphytic lichens revealed during in field work from 2015 to 2019 were used as material for the work. Statistical analysis and data visualization were performed in Statistica 13.3 and PAST 4.0.

Results. The highest number of epiphytic lichens was revealed in forests with complex tree structure with the participation of pine. A decrease of specific species and genera was noted with altitude increase. Cluster analysis of species, genera, reproductive strategies and growth forms showed the proximity of mountain forests (Pineta kochiana and Fageta orientalis) and their distance from lowland forests (Carpineta betulus). The percent  of  species  forming  vegetative  diaspores  increases  in mountain cluster forests. The "photobiont" indicator is clearer separated of studied formations. The greatest contribution to the division of the total sample is caused by difference in altitude, grouping the samples into mountainous and lowland.

Conclusion. The differences in lichens species composition are results not only of diversity of the components which form the structure of the forest community,  but  also  of  specific  microclimatic  conditions  which  change with altitude, as well as the degree of anthropogenic disturbance.
Natural landscape, historical and town‐planning factors of Khabarovsk development
Authors: Ermakova Yu. I. , Kochurov B. I.
Published: October 2022

Aim. A comprehensive analysis of the development of the living environment of the city of Khabarovsk, Russia.

Discussion. The article discusses the stages of the formation of the city of Khabarovsk under the conditions of the mutual influence of natural landscape,   historical   and   town   planning   factors.   The   territory   of Khabarovsk exists under the influence of a number of interacting factors, the combination of which determines the low quality of life of the population. These factors ensure the uniqueness of the territory, which often fulfill a compensatory role, but also determine the ecological vulnerability  of  the  city  and  limit  its  development.  In  the  category  of natural landscape factors there are 4 principal impacts: Khabarovsk is associated with an intermountain depression, which contributes to atmospheric pollution stagnation and the domination of the Siberian anticyclone during the cold season, which creates unfavourable conditions for the dispersion of harmful impurities in the atmosphere; potential exposure to flooding; and potential fire hazard. The main historical factor in the development of Khabarovsk is the inclusion of the Far East in the space  of  Russia  and  the  awareness  of  its  geostrategic  importance. However, the development of the region has always been accompanied by difficulties due to remoteness and vicinity to China. For all urban systems there are specific general urban development factors. Their influence is unevenly traced at different stages of the formation of Khabarovsk’s territory, at times fixing errors in the layout of the city, and at others reducing the comfort of the environment. Only at the present stage is a balance of factors taking shape that sets the prospects for the comprehensive improvement of the population’s living space.

Conclusion. Sustainability of Khabarovsk development is possible under the condition of creating a viable model of advanced economic development of the Far East.
Trophic relations and ecological niches of darkling beetles of the genus Nalassus Mulsant, 1854 (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) in the Caucasus and description of a new species from Abkhazia
Authors: Nabozhenko M. V. , Gagarina L. V. , Chigray I. A. , Nabozhenko S. V.
Published: October 2022

Aim. To reveal mutual relations between species of the genus Nalassus in taxocenes and the division of ecological niches during cohabitation.

Material and Methods. Observations and collection of adult beetles and food objects were carried out in 2020–2022 in Dagestan, North Ossetia, Kabardino‐Balkaria,  Karachay‐Cherkessia, Krasnodar Region (Russia) and Abkhazia. The nutrition of beetles was observed directly in nature at night with headlamps, and in some cases in laboratory conditions using the test cafeteria  method.  The  number  of  beetles  per  area  was  counted  on 100 × 4 m transects. The number, sexual structure and diurnal activity (feeding, copulation) were observed with the pause of 15 to 25 minutes. We measured temperature (the range from −4 to +40°C) and humidity (the range from 0 to 100%) by loggers every 7 minutes.

Results. New localities for seven known species of Nalassus are presented. The  new  species  N. (Caucasonotus)  ritsanus  M.  Nabozhenko,  sp.  n.  is described from environs of Ritsa Lake in Abkhazia and it is compared with other Abkhazian representatives of the subgenus Caucasonotus. We revealed or added information about trophic relations for eight species of the genus; lichenophagy is typical for the majority of species; phytophagy and saprophagy were registered for Nalassus for the first time; algophagy was fixed for two species. The number, sex structure in micropopulations and ranges of air temperature and humidity during the period of imagoes activity were analyzed.

Conclusion.  The  most  important  and  perhaps  the  only  strategy  for reducing competition in the cohabitation of Nalassus in the Caucasus is a trophic specialization. An occupation of open landscapes by Caucasian Nalassus did not play a role in the subgeneric differentiation, but was partially accompanied by a transition from lichenophagy to phytophagy and saprophagy.
A multi‐factor approach to assessing the socio‐economic and metropolitan environmental development of border areas in the Central Black Soil Region of Russia (Belgorod, Voronezh and Kursk regions) in order to develop a model concept
Authors: Yakovenko N. V. , Chugunova N. V.
Published: October 2022

Aim. The aim is to assess the socio‐economic and metropolitan environmental  development  of  border  areas  of  the  Central  Black  Soil region (Belgorod, Voronezh, Kursk regions) in order to develop a model concept.

Material and Methods. The study uses a systematic approach through methods of comparative and economic‐statistical analysis. The statistical base employed was the official materials of Rosstat 2016–2020.

Results. The calculated integral index of socio‐economic and metropolitan environmental development of the border areas of the Central Black Soil region indicates the presence of four groups of municipalities with high, medium, below average and low levels of development. The socio‐ economic development of border areas is characterised by high spatial heterogeneity and a high degree of concentration of human and economic capital within the agglomerations. There is a polarisation in the considered indicators: while the gap in the private indices is not so significant, it is significant between municipalities. In accordance with our calculations, there is a need to develop a model concept of socio‐economic and metropolitan environmental development of border regions.

Conclusions. The level of socio‐economic development of areas is a derivative of the power generated by the metropolitan‐core and is determined by the available local economic potential, the ability of district centres of concentration of business activity to absorb the impacts of the metropolitan centre. Gradual "filling" of socio‐economic gaps is possible if the level of development of the metropolitan core and adjacent territories increases, i.e. the territorial spread of the positive socio‐economic effects generated by the metropolis.

The work has solved an urgent practice‐oriented task of socio‐economic and geographical research – the assessment of socio‐economic and metropolitan environmental development of border areas of the Central Black Soil region, which provides an opportunity to comprehensively and adequately identify "strengths and weaknesses" of the metropolitan development of the regions.
Non‐traditional elements of the technology of agricultural crop cultivation using fertilizers‐ameliorants
Authors: Mezhevova A. S. , Belyaev A. I.
Published: October 2022

Aim. The aim of research is to determine the suitability and fertilizing value of fertilizers‐ameliorant, as well as to assess the degree of their contamination with heavy metals; approbation of fertilizers‐ameliorants in various conditions in the cultivation of agricultural crops.

Material and Methodology. The main agrochemical parameters of sewage sludge and the chemical composition of glauconite were studied by analytical methods in laboratory conditions. The content of heavy metal cations in the sewage sludge was determined by atomic absorption spectrometry. The object of research in the first experiment is seed potatoes (variety Arosa); in the second experiment – safflower (variety Alexandrite).

Results. Studies of the physico‐chemical parameters of the processed sewage sludge have been carried out. It has been established that the composition of the sediment is an effective organic fertilizer. The content of heavy metals in sewage sludge does not exceed the maximum allowable concentrations.   It   has   been   determined   that  silica   is   the   basis   of glauconite, and it also contains phosphorus, potassium and magnesium fertilizers. It has been proven that the use of sewage sludge as an independent  fertilizer,  as  well  as  in  combination  with  glauconite,  has significantly increased the yield of seed potatoes and safflower.

Conclusion. The use of non‐traditional ameliorant fertilizers is advisable along with the use of classical mineral fertilizers, as they allow increasing the  yield  of  some  agricultural  crops,  as  well  as  achieving  savings  in irrigation water.
Phytophagous gall midges (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae) of Dagestan: fauna, biology and distribution
Authors: Fedotova Z. A. , Nakhibasheva G. M. , Mukhtarova G. M. , Gasangadzhieva A. G.
Published: October 2022

Aim. Based on original and bibliographic data, to compile a review of the fauna of gall midges in Dagestan, Russia, including information about host plants, gall formation, life cycles and distribution.

Materials and Methods. The basis for the work were materials collected in the flat and mountainous parts of Dagestan. Standard methods were used: inspection of the plants, search and mass collection of galls and damage to plants in which larvae develop; rearing imago; making permanent preparations of larvae and adults.

Results. For the first time, an overview of the gall midges of Dagestan is offered. 67 species of gall midges of 41 genera were identified, of which 39 species are new to Dagestan, including 13 species new to the Caucasus: Asphondylia   hornigi   Wachtl,   1880,   A.   menthae   Kieffer,   1902,   A. salviaflorae Fedotova, 2003, Lasioptera eryngii (Vallot, 1829), Rosomyia spiraeae Fedotova, 1987, Dracunculomyia saissanica Fedotova, 1999, Dasineura plicatrix (Loew, 1850), D. sisymbrii (Schrank, 1803), D. trifolii (Löw, 1874), D. tamaricicarpa Fedotova, 1983, Asiodiplosis hodukini Marikovskij, 1965, A. petrosimoniae (Fedotova, 1994), Seriphidomyia butakovi  Fedotova,  2000.  Of  these  the  last  4  are  new  to  Russia. Phytophage gall midges (64 species of 36 genera) were found on plants belonging to 23 families, 46 genera and 56 species. Of the 36 genera of gall midges, 28 (77.8%) are plant‐specific to plant families, including 9 out of 28 (32.1%) monotypic. The fauna is based on the Western Palearctic and Turanian species.

Conclusion. A preliminary review of gall midges in Dagestan in comparison with data on adjacent territories, indicates a very poor study of gall midges in general. Identification of the species diversity and trophic relationships of gall midges which develop on adventitious, invasive and economically important plants of the Caucasus is relevant both for protected natural areas and recreational areas.
The effect of pH on embryonal and larval development of the Caucasian Brown Frog, Rana macrocnemis
Authors: Gamidova J. M. , Rabadanova A. I.
Published: October 2022

Aim. To study the effect of different pH values on the characteristics of the embryonic and larval development of Rana macrocnemis.

Material and methods. Fragments from 6–7 clutches of R. macrocnemis collected on the territory of Foothill Dagestan were used in the work. The experiment  included  two  series  of  experiments:  in  the  1st  series,  the entire cycle of embryonic‐larval development of the R. macrocnemis frog was  studied,  and  in  the  2nd,  only  the  postembryonic  development  of R. macrocnemis was studied. Eggs were individually placed in containers with different pH values (4.0, 5.0, and 9.0).

Results.    The    most    vulnerable    periods    in    the    development    of R. macrocnemis are the stages of neurula, limb formation, and metamorphosis. At pH 4.0, oxygen consumption by larvae decreases, accompanied by suppression of feeding behavior and a decrease in the intensity of metabolic processes. In addition, pH 4.0 has a negative effect on the survival of embryos and larvae. At pH 5.0, changes are noted that are mainly of an adaptive nature. Against the background of the accelerated development of embryos at these pH values, a significant decrease  in  the  length  and  weight  of  their  body  is  noted.  With  the transition to larval development, an increase in body size is observed against the background of a small increase in weight. An elongation of the duration of the period from the beginning of the formation of limbs to the end of metamorphosis was also noted.

Conclusion. The data obtained can be used in monitoring the level of acidity of the environment and the oxygen content in natural water bodies during the spawning period, which will help clarify the issue of the reduction in the number of R. macrocnemis frogs in Dagestan.
Modern problems of artificial reproduction of sturgeon in the Volga‐Caspian basin
Authors: Vasilyeva L. M. , Rabazanov N. I.
Published: October 2022

Aim. The aim of the study is to analyze the current state of artificial reproduction of the Caspian sturgeon and to identify the problems of reducing efficiency and ways to solve them.

Discussion. The current critical state of the Caspian sturgeon, which accounts for up to 90% of the world's related resources, is of concern to the entire community, due to the threat of extinction of these relic individuals  on  the  planet.  This  can  be  prevented  by  increasing  the efficiency of reproduction. However, natural reproduction is practically reduced to zero, so the real and only possible solution is artificial reproduction. This analytical review presents five tasks, the successful solution of which will improve the current state of artificial reproduction in the Volga‐Caspian basin. The main task is the provision of fish breeding processes with producers, which, in the absence of fish of natural generation, are derived from brood stocks. Of particular concern is the threatened  state  of  the  Caspian  beluga  and  stellate  sturgeon.  It  is necessary to increase the release of their juveniles, for which financial stimulation of this activity is necessary. It is necessary to move more actively to the release of juveniles of an enlarged (7‐10 g) size and their export to feeding places in the waters of the Northern Caspian, which will contribute to an increase in fishing return.

Conclusion. It is necessary to increase funding for research into the reproductive function of females and for artificial generation, as well as for the maintenance of production herds – a golden fund for restoring natural reserves. The attention of all the Caspian states should be drawn to the intensification of activities for the artificial reproduction of these unique fish species in the Caspian basin.
The Great spotted eagle Aquila clanga in the Altai Territory and Altai Republic, Russia
Authors: Vazhov S. V. , Matsyura A. V. , Vazhov V. M.
Published: October 2022

Aim. To summarise information provided so as to allow us to compile a modern understanding of the breeding ranges, abundance and breeding biology of the Great Spotted Eagle Aquila clanga, a rare species in the Altai Territory and the Altai Republic.

Material and Methods. While studying the distribution, abundance and nesting biology of the Great Spotted Eagle, we used generally accepted methods with certain modifications. The species was observed during foot and car surveys. To get an idea of the distribution of the spotted eagle in the region, an analysis of available sources was carried out, including materials from the Red Data Book of the Altai Territory and other relevant information resources.

Results. Nesting groups of a feathered predator are characterised by uneven spatial distribution. This is due to the habit of the spotted eagle to gravitate to wetlands and floodplain lands in high‐trunk mixed forests, alternating with meadow‐pasture and field landscapes. In ribbon and acquisition forests, as well as in wildlife sanctuaries located on their territory,  there  has  been  a  rapid  trend  towards  a  decrease  in  the population of the species, primarily due to selective felling of vegetation and disturbance of the birds during the nesting period. In this regar, there is a need to expand and deepen ornithological studies aimed at improving environmental measures for the Great Spotted Eagle.

Conclusions. Protection of this species should be combined with inevitable criminal or administrative punishment of poachers and illegal forest users, who are involved in destructive environmental activities in the region discussed.  Otherwise,  the  progressive  extinction  of  the  Great  Spotted Eagle population in Altai will reach a critical point in forthcoming years.
Polymorphism of GH/HaeIII and GDF9/AsplEI genes, genetic variation and association of their genotypes with immune status in sheep of different breeds ranched in different natural and geographic areas
Authors: Ozdemirov A. A. , Surov A. I. , Surzhikova E. S. , Khozhokov A. A. , Gadzhiev Z. K. , Evlagina D. D. , Alieva E. M. , Akaeva R. A.
Published: October 2022

Aim. One of the important tasks in solving the problem of improving the efficiency of sheep breeding is the rational use of fodder lands in the North Caucasus and the South of Russia, a significant part of which is located in different natural and climatic conditions. The complexity of solutions lies in insufficient knowledge of the mechanisms of adaptation of farm animals, in particular sheep, to the ecological and geographical features of these regions. The  purpose  of  this  research  was  to  study  the  genetic  polymorphism  of genes, the degree of genetic variability and immune status in sheep of different breeds, since genetic polymorphism is a measure of its adaptability and the hematopoietic function of blood is the basis of the life of the organism.

Material and Methods. The genetic structure of the GH/Hae III, GDF9/AsplEI genes and immune status, was studied by the methods of genetic‐statistical and immune analysis in sheep of different breeds kept in different climatic zones of Dagestan and the Krasnodar Territory.

Results. As a result of DNA genotyping of the studied samples of sheep of different breeds, it was found that polymorphism of GH/HaeIII, GDF9/AsplEI genes is represented by three genotype variants: homozygous GH/HaeIIIАА, GH/HaeIIIВВ;    GDF9/AsplEIАА,    GDF9/AsplEIGG;    heterozygous    GH/HaeIIIAB; GDF9/AsplEIAG  and two alleles: A and B – of the GH/HaeIII gene; A and G – GDF9/AsplEI gene with different frequency of occurrence, respectively.

Conclusion. For the first time,  genetic variability has been studied in the context of the immune status of sheep populations of different breeds bred in the foothills of the Republic of Dagestan and Krasnodar Territory. The information obtained about the role of the degree of genetic variability and the immune status of sheep of different breeds is answered in the formation of adaptive‐compensatory mechanisms to specific conditions of the breeding environment.  A  deeper  study  of  the  adaptive  characteristics  of  sheep  of different breeds for their further improvement allows the use of molecular genetic and hematological methods.
Biodiversity of certain invertebrates (Insecta, Molluska) of the Azat River gorge, Armenia and their bioecological features
Authors: Hovhannisyan V. S. , Mirumyan L. S. , Harutyunyan R. G. , Avetisyan A. A. , Harutyunova L. D. , Gasparyan A. S. , Magomedova M. Z. , Magomedova P. D.
Published: October 2022

Aim.  The  aim  of  the  work  is  to  study  the  biodiversity of  certain invertebrates (Insecta,  Molluska) of  the  Azat River  gorge and their ecological and biological features.

Material   and  Methods.  Invertebrates  collected in  the  Garni‐Goght‐ Geghard section of the Azat River gorge in the period from 2015 to 2021 served as study material.

The work  was  carried out at  the  Scientific Center for  Zoology  and Hydroecology of the National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Armenia. Our own collections have been used as material, as well as collections of insects and mollusks of the Institute of Zoology.

Results. As a result of studies of the species composition of invertebrates of the Azat River gorge (Geghard, Goght, Garni) we found: 25 species of horseflies (Tabanidae: Diptera), 24 species of phytophagous gall midges (Cecidomyiidae: Diptera); 13  aphid species (Aphididae: Hymenoptera); 17  pyralid moth species (Crambidaе: Lepidoptera) from 5 subfamilies (Crambinae,  Evergestinae,   Pyraustinae,  Spilomerlinae,  Glaphyriinae); 19 species of mollusks (Molluska): 3 species of freshwater mollusks from 3 families (Physidae, Planorbidae, Ancylidae), 16  species of terraneous mollusks from 10 families (Succineidae, Vertiginidae, Orculidae, Pupillidae Valloniidae, Enidae, Vitrinidae, Endodontidae,  Limacidae, Helicida). The bioecological features of these insects and mollusks have been studied and distribution by biotopes, revealing changes in the species composition of some groups due to anthropogenic factors.

Conclusion. As a result of the researches undertaken, a wide variety of invertebrates has been frevealed. They occupy all ecological niches and are found in all plant formations of the Azat River gorge. Most of the insect species are of economic importance. Research on invertebrates of the Azat river gorge is very promising. Works in this direction will be continued with the involvement of new research groups.