bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Topographical anatomy of the mandibular foramen in the dromedary camels (Camelus dromedarius): an extraoral approach for the inferior alveolar nerve blocks
Authors: Al Mohamad Zakriya , Hamed Mohamed , Abdellatif Ahmed , Eldoumani Haitham , Elshafaey Elsayed , Abouelnasr Khaled
Published: December 2023

Understanding the clinical anatomy of the head is essential for performing proper inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) block anesthesia to facilitate invasive dental procedures in camels. However, osteometric data related to the IAN in camels are lacking. This study was carried out to accurately locate the mandibular foramen (MF) and the course of the IAN in the camel head and to establish an approach for its localization in clinical practice. To achieve these aims, eight osteometric measurements were used to determine the location of the MF in relation to its surrounding structures in six cadaveric skulls of adult camels. Four camel heads were dissected, and the course of the IAN inside the mandibular canal was studied. In addition, four heads were used as a trial for the extraoral approach to the IAN block using contrast radiographs based on established metric indices. Dissection of the four camel heads revealed that the MF was located near the intersection of two lines passing through the occlusal surface of the mandibular cheek teeth and at the midpoint of the zygomatic process of the temporal bone. Significant differences were not observed between the right and left mandibles. Successful deposition of the contrast medium near the MF was observed in all examined specimens. This study reports a new, simple approach to reaching the IAN at the MF. However, further clinical validation of the proposed technique is required.
Scanning Electron Microscopy and Triple TOF-LC-MS-MS Analysis of Polyphenols from PEF-Treated Edible Mushrooms (L. edodes, A. brunnescens, and P. ostreatus)
Authors: Calleja-Gómez Mara , Roig Patricia , Rimac Brnčić Suzana , Barba Francisco J. , Castagnini Juan Manuel
Published: December 2023

Pulsed electric fields (PEF) technology has been used as a sustainable method for extracting antioxidant bioactive compounds from different food matrices. In the present study, the optimal conditions of PEF extraction for mushrooms (2.5 kV/cm, 50 kJ/kg, 6 h) were applied to Lentinula edodes, Agaricus brunnescens, and Pleurotus ostreatus to evaluate the total antioxidant capacity of the extracts, followed by the Triple TOF-LC-MS-MS analysis of the phenolic profile compared to A. bisporus by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrophotometry. In addition, the microporation effect of the technology on the mushroom surface was evaluated using scanning electron microscopy. A comparison was made with a maceration extraction (aqueous stirring for 6 h). The results showed that PEF-assisted extraction enhanced the recovery of antioxidant compounds such as 3,5-dicaffeoylquinic and cinnamic acid with contents up to 236.85 µg/100 g dry weight and 2043.26 µg/100 g dry weight from A. bisporus, respectively. However, mixed results were obtained for certain phenolic compounds, including vanillic acid from L. edodes, ellagic acid from P. ostreatus, and thymol from all mushrooms. These results indicate that the application of PEF technology is effective for the extraction of antioxidant compounds in fungal matrices by creating micropores in cell membranes that allow great recovery in matrices with high content of bioactive compounds.
Oxidative Stress Induced by Lipotoxicity and Renal Hypoxia in Diabetic Kidney Disease and Possible Therapeutic Interventions: Targeting the Lipid Metabolism and Hypoxia
Authors: Chae Seung Yun , Kim Yaeni , Park Cheol Whee
Published: December 2023

Oxidative stress, a hallmark pathophysiological feature in diabetic kidney disease (DKD), arises from the intricate interplay between pro-oxidants and anti-oxidants. While hyperglycemia has been well established as a key contributor, lipotoxicity emerges as a significant instigator of oxidative stress. Lipotoxicity encompasses the accumulation of lipid intermediates, culminating in cellular dysfunction and cell death. However, the mechanisms underlying lipotoxic kidney injury in DKD still require further investigation. The key role of cell metabolism in the maintenance of cell viability and integrity in the kidney is of paramount importance to maintain proper renal function. Recently, dysfunction in energy metabolism, resulting from an imbalance in oxygen levels in the diabetic condition, may be the primary pathophysiologic pathway driving DKD. Therefore, we aim to shed light on the pivotal role of oxidative stress related to lipotoxicity and renal hypoxia in the initiation and progression of DKD. Multifaceted mechanisms underlying lipotoxicity, including oxidative stress with mitochondrial dysfunction, endoplasmic reticulum stress activated by the unfolded protein response pathway, pro-inflammation, and impaired autophagy, are delineated here. Also, we explore potential therapeutic interventions for DKD, targeting lipotoxicity- and hypoxia-induced oxidative stress. These interventions focus on ameliorating the molecular pathways of lipid accumulation within the kidney and enhancing renal metabolism in the face of lipid overload or ameliorating subsequent oxidative stress. This review highlights the significance of lipotoxicity, renal hypoxia-induced oxidative stress, and its potential for therapeutic intervention in DKD.
Electrochemical Sensing of Vitamin D3: A Comparative Use of Glassy Carbon and Unmodified Screen-Printed Carbon Electrodes
Authors: Gonçalves Fátima Daniela , Rodrigues José António , Ramos Rui Miguel
Published: December 2023

This work presents the electrochemical determination of cholecalciferol (Vitamin D3) in water-organic mixtures using a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) and commercial screen-printed carbon electrodes (SPCEs). The electrocatalytic behavior of Vitamin D3 on the surface of the working electrode produced a well-defined oxidation peak at +0.95 V (vs. Ag|AgCl, 3.0 mol L−1) and +0.7 V (vs. Ag-SPCE pseudo-reference electrode) for the GCE and SPCE, respectively, in 0.1 M LiClO4 prepared in 50% ethanol. The nature of the organic solvent needed for the solubilization of Vitamin D3 was evaluated, together with the concentration of the supporting electrolyte, the ratio of the water-organic mixture, the voltametric parameters for the cyclic voltammetry (CV), and square-wave voltammetry (SWV) analyses. Under the optimized conditions, a linear correlation between the anodic peak current and the concentration of Vitamin D3 was obtained over the range of 0.47 to 123 µmol L−1 and 59.4 to 1651 µmol L−1 for the GCE and SPCE, respectively. The determined limits of detection (LOD) were 0.17 (GCE) and 19.4 µmol L−1 (SPCE). The methodology was successfully applied to commercial supplement tablets of Vitamin D3. Additionally, this work shows the possibility of using non-modified GCE and SPCE for routine analysis of Vitamin D3.
Analysis of Indirect Lightning Effects on Low-Noise Amplifier and Protection Design
Authors: Ma Zhenyang , Liu Jiahao , Duan Zhaobin , Shi Chunlei , He Shaonan
Published: December 2023

In order to analyze the interference mechanisms of indirect lightning effects on a low-noise amplifier (LNA), a circuit model of the LNA was constructed based on the advanced design system 2020 (ADS 2020) software. Lightning pulse injection simulations were conducted to explore the influence of lightning pulses on the performance of the LNA. A pin injection test was performed to investigate the interference and damage threshold of the LNA. A protective circuit incorporating the transient voltage suppressor (TVS) and Darlington structure was designed through simulation, employing the ADS 2020 for the LNA. The research findings reveal that the interference threshold for the LNA is 60 V, while the damage threshold is determined to be 100 V. The protective circuit demonstrates a measured insertion loss of 0.1 dB, a response time of 1.5 ns, and a peak output voltage of 20 V. The research results indicate that the protective circuit can effectively reduce the impact of lightning’s indirect effects on the LNA. In the future, we will continue the design work of the protective circuit and proceed with physical fabrication and experimental validation.
Work Climate, Improved Communication, and Cohesive Work Linked with Patient Safety Culture: Findings from a Sports Medicine Hospital
Authors: Ahmed Syed Sajid , van Rijswijk Samantha Poblete , Farooq Abdulaziz
Published: December 2023

Background: This study aims to investigate the patient safety culture at a sports medicine hospital and explore the quality of healthcare and associated factors. Methods: In a cross-sectional study design, the Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture (HSOPC) tool was administered online among staff at a sports medicine hospital in Doha, Qatar. Out of 898 staff who received an email invitation, 504 participated (56.1%). Results: The results showed that 48.0% of the staff rated the patient safety grade as excellent and 37.5% as very good, totaling 85.5%. Factors associated with excellent or very good patient safety grades were management support OR 4.7 95% CI (1.8 to 12.3); team communication OR 3.0 95% CI (1.4 to 6.3), supervisor action supporting patient safety OR 3.5 95% CI (1.7 to 7.0) and other items related to work area such as working together: OR 3.0 95% CI (1.2 to 7.6), helping out busy areas OR 2.5 95% CI (1.1 to 5.5) and having good procedures and systems: OR 2.8 95% CI (1.4 to 5.8). Conclusions: Addressing management support, enhancing communication, and cohesive work within the work area facilitates a culture of trust that improves patient safety grades.
The Cryptic Nature of Fe-S Clusters: A Case Study of the Hepatitis B HBx Oncoprotein
Authors: Quist Trent , Chen Jiahua , MacNeil Alex , Pandelia Maria-Eirini
Published: December 2023

Fe-S clusters are ubiquitous inorganic cofactors found in proteins across all domains of life, including viruses. Their prevalence stems from their unique redox and structural plasticity that supports functions ranging from electron transfer and catalysis to stabilization of protein structure. Although the ability of Fe-S clusters to exchange electrons is often functionally crucial, it can also act as an Achilles heel when these cofactors are exposed to oxidizing conditions, often leading to their degradation. This O2 sensitivity has rendered certain Fe-S clusters untraceable, particularly when the nascent proteins are isolated under ambient conditions. As a consequence of this O2 sensitivity, a growing number of proteins with roles in viral infection have been found to harbor Fe-S clusters rather than the annotated Zn2+ cofactor. The enigmatic protein X (HBx) of the Hepatitis B Virus is a multifunctional protein essential for viral replication and development of liver disease. Although HBx has defied biochemical characterization for over forty years, it has been shown to coordinate a redox-active Fe-S cluster that represents a significant feature for establishing its molecular function. The present review narrates the approaches to validate the HBx metallocofactor that can be broadly applied as a guide for uncovering the presence of Fe-S clusters in proteins with non-canonical sequence motifs.
Research on the Shock Environment Characteristics of a Marine Diesel Engine Based on a Large Floating Shock Platform
Authors: Zhang Yu , Li Jun , Zhang Chunhui , Chen Wei , Du Zhipeng , Li Xiaobin
Published: December 2023

To conduct a precise shock assessment of marine diesel engines, a 200 t floating shock platform was utilized to simulate realistic testing conditions. The testing generated the acceleration time curve and the shock response spectrum for the diesel engine. According to the applicable standards, the spectral velocity was chosen as the evaluation index, and an evaluation of the longitudinal, transverse, and vertical shock environment of the diesel engine was conducted. The shock factor interpolation method was corrected using the confidence interval based on normal distribution, and the interpolated confidence interval of the shock factor was determined. The findings reveal that shock waves were identified as the primary external force, and it was found that the influence of bubble pulsation can be disregarded when assessing a floating shock platform. This paper proposes the use of normal-distribution-based shock factor confidence intervals, which can accurately predict multidirectional shock factors and offer improved shock safety compared to the traditional method of unidirectional shock factor interpolation. The results and methods obtained in this study can provide valuable guidance and assistance for predicting the shock environment of large shipboard machinery on significant floating shock platforms.
A Study on Accounting for Suburban Agricultural Land Rent in a Chinese Context Based on Agricultural Ecological Value and Landscape Value
Authors: Wang Keqiang , Lu Jianglin , Liu Hongmei , Fan Xin , Zhang Lina , Zhang Silu
Published: December 2023

Agricultural land protection is vital for the realization of national food security and an ecological civilization. From the perspective of agricultural ecological value and landscape value, perfecting the theory of agricultural land rent is beneficial to the construction of an ecological civilization. Based on Marx’s land rent theory of agricultural production, the analytical framework of the agricultural decision support systems (DSS) was constructed; then, the agricultural land rent in suburbs was theoretically accounted for via a numerical example, and its realization rules were simulated according to the conditions of China (i.e., the specific solutions in force). Some interesting conclusions were found: (1) Agricultural production in suburbs involves both natural reproduction and social reproduction. (2) Agricultural land rent should include production land rent, ecological land rent, and landscape land rent. (3) The promotion of an ecological civilization and the development of the economy and society will lead to an increase in the comprehensive coefficient of agricultural land rent. (4) With the development of the economy, ecological land rent and landscape land rent should be gradually charged from zero payment to full payment. Based on these conclusions, five corresponding policy implications are proposed to improve the land profit of agricultural land owners to promote agricultural production, food security, and an ecological civilization.
A Study on the Influence of Nonlinear Vibration on Fretting Damage of Involute Spline Pairs in Aero-Engines
Authors: Xue Xiangzhen , Li Yifan , Lin Kuan , Sui Liqi , Jiang Yiqiang , Zhang Ning
Published: December 2023

To meticulously examine the repercussions of nonlinear vibrations on fretting damage within aero-engine involute spline pairs, a dynamic model was constructed rooted in well-established theories and methodologies. MATLAB was engaged to resolve the model, where the vibration displacement function was treated under Fourier transformation. The emergent sub-model was then integrated into finite element analysis software to scrutinize the distribution curves of fretting damage over the external spline tooth surface. The analysis included a comprehensive comparison of the axial and radial distributions, in addition to scenarios with and without vibration interferences. Further, an empirical platform was devised to authenticate the outcomes harvested through finite element simulation. The results indicate that the principal mode of fretting damage failure in aero-engine involute spline pairs fundamentally comprises fretting wear. This wear occurs throughout the rotational period of the fretting cycle and reciprocally interacts with fretting fatigue phenomena. Significantly, it was ascertained that acute nonlinear vibrations escalate the magnitude of fretting damage and the quantity of worn teeth within aero-engine spline pairs. Beyond that, angular misalignment was recognized as an aggravating factor that compounds fretting damage in the secondary bond teeth of involute spline pairs. These newfound insights are of paramount significance for the strategic design of involute splines to combat wear.
Mathematical Modeling of the Hydrodynamic Instability and Chemical Inhibition of Detonation Waves in a Syngas–Air Mixture
Authors: Nikitin Valeriy , Mikhalchenko Elena , Stamov Lyuben , Smirnov Nickolay , Azatyan Vilen
Published: December 2023

This paper presents the results of the two-dimensional modeling of the hydrodynamic instability of a detonation wave, which results in the formation of an oscillating cellular structure on the wave front. This cellular structure of the wave, unstable due to its origin, demonstrates the constant statistically averaged characteristics of the cell size. The suppression of detonation propagation in synthesis gas mixtures with air using a combustible inhibitor is studied numerically. Contrary to the majority of inhibitors being either inert substances, which do not take part in the chemical reaction, or take part in chemical reaction but do not contribute to energy release, the suggested inhibitor is also a fuel, which enters into an exothermic reaction with oxygen. The unsaturated hydrocarbon propylene additive is used as an inhibitor. The dependence of the effect of the inhibitor content on the mitigation of detonation for various conditions of detonation initiation is researched. The results make it possible to determine a critical percentage of inhibitor which prevents the occurrence of detonation and the critical percentage of inhibitor which destroys a developed detonation wave.
Curves in Lightlike Planes in Three-Dimensional Lorentz–Minkowski Space
Authors: Filipan Ivana , Milin Šipuš Željka , Primorac Gajčić Ljiljana
Published: December 2023

In this paper, we analyze the intrinsic geometry of lightlike planes in the three-dimensional Lorentz–Minkowski space M3. We connect the theory of curves lying in lightlike planes in M3 with the theory of curves in the simply isotropic plane I2. Based on these relations, we characterize some special classes of curves that lie in lightlike planes in M3.
One-Shot Learning for Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography Vessel Segmentation Based on Multi-Scale U2-Net
Authors: Liu Shudong , Guo Shuai , Cong Jia , Yang Yue , Guo Zihui , Gu Boyu
Published: December 2023

Vessel segmentation in optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) is crucial for the detection and diagnosis of various eye diseases. However, it is hard to distinguish intricate vessel morphology and quantify the density of blood vessels due to the large variety of vessel sizes, significant background noise, and small datasets. To this end, a retinal angiography multi-scale segmentation network, integrated with the inception and squeeze-and-excitation modules, is proposed to address the above challenges under the one-shot learning paradigm. Specifically, the inception module extends the receptive field and extracts multi-scale features effectively to handle diverse vessel sizes. Meanwhile, the squeeze-and-excitation module modifies channel weights adaptively to improve the vessel feature extraction ability in complex noise backgrounds. Furthermore, the one-shot learning paradigm is adapted to alleviate the problem of the limited number of images in existing retinal OCTA vascular datasets. Compared with the classic U2-Net, the proposed model gains improvements in the Dice coefficient, accuracy, precision, recall, and intersection over union by 3.74%, 4.72%, 8.62%, 4.87%, and 4.32% respectively. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed one-shot learning method is an effective solution for retinal angiography image segmentation.
Multi-Generation Ecosystem Selection of Rhizosphere Microbial Communities Associated with Plant Genotype and Biomass in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Shankar Nachiket , Shetty Prateek , Melo Tatiana C. , Kesseli Rick
Published: December 2023

The role of the microbiome in shaping the host’s phenotype has emerged as a critical area of investigation, with implications in ecology, evolution, and host health. The complex and dynamic interactions involving plants and their diverse rhizospheres’ microbial communities are influenced by a multitude of factors, including but not limited to soil type, environment, and plant genotype. Understanding the impact of these factors on microbial community assembly is key to yielding host-specific and robust benefits for plants, yet it remains challenging. Here, we conducted an artificial ecosystem selection experiment for eight generations of Arabidopsis thaliana Ler and Cvi to select soil microbiomes associated with a higher or lower biomass of the host. This resulted in divergent microbial communities shaped by a complex interplay between random environmental variations, plant genotypes, and biomass selection pressures. In the initial phases of the experiment, the genotype and the biomass selection treatment had modest but significant impacts. Over time, the plant genotype and biomass treatments gained more influence, explaining ~40% of the variation in the microbial community’s composition. Furthermore, a genotype-specific association of plant-growth-promoting rhizobacterial taxa, Labraceae with Ler and Rhizobiaceae with Cvi, was observed under selection for high biomass.
The Photothermal Conversion and UV Resistance of Silk Fabrics Being Achieved through Surface Modification with C@SiO2 Nanoparticles
Authors: Deng Gang , Yao Lu , Chen Mingzhao , Yang Yuanyuan , Lu Song , Wu Guohua
Published: December 2023

With the improvement in people’s living standards, the development and application of smart textiles are receiving increasing attention. In this study, a carbon nanosurface was successfully coated with a SiO2 layer to form C@SiO2 nanomaterials, which improved the dispersion of carbon nanomaterials in an aqueous solution and enhanced the absorption of light by the carbon nanoparticles. C@SiO2 nanoparticles were coupled on the surface of silk fabric with the silane coupling agent KH570 to form C@SiO2 nanosilk fabric. The silk fabric that was subjected to such surface modification was endowed with a special photothermal function. The results obtained with scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS), and infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) showed that C@SiO2 nanoparticles were successfully modified on the surface of the silk fabric. In addition, under the irradiation of near-infrared light with a power of 20 W and a wavelength of 808 nm, the C@SiO2 nanosilk fabric experienced rapid warming from 23 °C to 60 °C within 30 s. After subjecting the functional fabric to hundreds of photothermal experiments and multiple washes, the photothermal efficiency remained largely unchanged and proved to be durable and stable. In addition, the thermogravimetric (TG) analysis results showed that the C@SiO2 nanoparticles contributed to the thermal stability of the silk fabric. The UV transmittance results indicated that C@SiO2 nanofabric is UV-resistant. The silk modification method developed in this study is low-cost, efficient, and environmentally friendly. It has some prospects for future applications in the textile industry.
Structural Characteristics and Antioxidant Mechanism of Donkey-Hide Gelatin Peptides by Molecular Dynamics Simulation
Authors: Liang Rong , Xu Le , Fan Chen , Cao Lele , Guo Xingfeng
Published: December 2023

This study aimed to explore the structural characteristics and antioxidant mechanism of donkey-hide gelatin peptides. After hydrolysis and ultrafiltration treatment, five gelatin peptides with different molecular weights (MWs) were obtained. Amino acid analysis showed that gelatin peptides with different MWs contained a large number of amino acids, including G, P, E, N, A, and R, and differences were noted in the content of various amino acids. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and circular dichroism revealed that these gelatin peptides differed in terms of the peak strength of functional groups and number of secondary structures. Moreover, 26 pentapeptides/hexapeptides were identified. Among them, we investigated by molecular docking how PGPAP, which has the best antioxidant activity, may interact with the Keap1 protein. The results showed that the PGPAP-Keap1 complex had a stable conformation, and Arg415, Gly462, Phe478, and Tyr572 were the key residues involved in the binding of the peptide PGPAP to Keap1. Our results demonstrated that PGPAP could serve as a bioactive peptide with antioxidant activity.
Maximizing the Recovery of Phenolic Antioxidants from Wild Strawberry (Fragaria vesca) Leaves Using Microwave-Assisted Extraction and Accelerated Solvent Extraction
Authors: Terpinc Petra , Dobroslavić Erika , Garofulić Ivona Elez , Repajić Maja , Cegledi Ena , Dobrinčić Ana , Pedisić Sandra , Levaj Branka
Published: December 2023

Due to the presence of diverse phenolic classes in wild strawberry (Fragaria vesca L.) leaves, there is an ever-growing effort to find new, efficient methods for their recovery and detailed characterization. Microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) and accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) were evaluated to understand the impact of the extraction temperature, extraction time, and solvent-to-sample ratio (SSR) on the quantitative and qualitative properties of the obtained extracts. The highest total phenolic content (8027 mg GA/100 g DW), as well as the highest DPPH• antiradical activity (903 μmol TE/g DW), was obtained with ASE at 150 °C with a static time of 5 min and an SSR of 40:1, while the highest ABTS•+ antiradical activity (681 μmol TE/g DW) and FRAP (2389 μmol TE/g DW) were obtained with MAE after 5 min at 80 °C and an SSR of 40:1. A total of 54 different phenolics were identified by UPLC/MS-MS, some for the first time. The MAE extract had a higher content of phenolic acids (40%; esp. p-hydroxybenzoic acid, gallic acid) and myricetin, while the ASE extract was richer in proanthocyanidins (88%; esp. procyanidin B1, procyanidin trimer), flavonols (29%; esp. quercetin, quercetin-3-glucuronide, rutin), flavan-3-ols (50%; esp. epicatechin), and flavones (39%; esp. luteolin). The results indicated that for optimal extraction conditions, the target phenolics and the desired antioxidant properties of the obtained extracts should be considered.
Performance of the Realized-GARCH Model against Other GARCH Types in Predicting Cryptocurrency Volatility
Authors: Queiroz Rhenan G. S. , David Sergio A.
Published: December 2023

Cryptocurrencies have increasingly attracted the attention of several players interested in crypto assets. Their rapid growth and dynamic nature require robust methods for modeling their volatility. The Generalized Auto Regressive Conditional Heteroskedasticity (GARCH) model is a well-known mathematical tool for predicting volatility. Nonetheless, the Realized-GARCH model has been particularly under-explored in the literature involving cryptocurrency volatility. This study emphasizes an investigation on the performance of the Realized-GARCH against a range of GARCH-based models to predict the volatility of five prominent cryptocurrency assets. Our analyses have been performed in both in-sample and out-of-sample cases. The results indicate that while distinct GARCH models can produce satisfactory in-sample fits, the Realized-GARCH model outperforms its counterparts in out of-sample forecasting. This paper contributes to the existing literature, since it better reveals the predictability performance of Realized-GARCH model when compared to other GARCH-types analyzed when an out-of-sample case is considered.
An Advanced Solution Based on Machine Learning for Remote EMDR Therapy
Authors: Fiani Francesca , Russo Samuele , Napoli Christian
Published: December 2023

For this work, a preliminary study proposed virtual interfaces for remote psychotherapy and psychology practices. This study aimed to verify the efficacy of such approaches in obtaining results comparable to in-presence psychotherapy, when the therapist is physically present in the room. In particular, we implemented several joint machine-learning techniques for distance detection, camera calibration and eye tracking, assembled to create a full virtual environment for the execution of a psychological protocol for a self-induced mindfulness meditative state. Notably, such a protocol is also applicable for the desensitization phase of EMDR therapy. This preliminary study has proven that, compared to a simple control task, such as filling in a questionnaire, the application of the mindfulness protocol in a fully virtual setting greatly improves concentration and lowers stress for the subjects it has been tested on, therefore proving the efficacy of a remote approach when compared to an in-presence one. This opens up the possibility of deepening the study, to create a fully working interface which will be applicable in various on-field applications of psychotherapy where the presence of the therapist cannot be always guaranteed.
LEGAL ANALYSIS OF DIVORCE DUE TO EARLY MARRIAGE
Authors: Aryanti Aryanti , Lubis Efridani , Yulianto Rohmad Adi
Published: December 2023

The study of Juridical Analysis of Divorce Due to Early Marriage aims to determine the regulation of early marriage in positive law in Indonesia and to determine dispute resolution (divorce) due to early marriage. This study uses a normative juridical approach. The research method used in this research is descriptive analytical method, which is a research method by processing data, analyzing, researching and interpreting as well as making conclusions and providing suggestions which are then arranged in a systematic discussion so that the problem can be understood. The type of research used is normative law research. The results show that families experiencing economic difficulties will tend to marry off their children at a young age, this marriage is expected to be a solution to the economic difficulties experienced by families, marriage is expected to reduce the family's economic burden. Another influence is due to the low level of education that encourages them to get married quickly. Because they do not understand how marriage really is, the occurrence of pregnancy out of wedlock, because children have relationships that violate the norms forcing them to have early marriages in order to clarify the children conceived by this marriage force them to marry. There are still many women in Indonesia who marry underage for various reasons such as customs, economy, and other things that are not desirable. In fact, according to Law Number 16 of 2019 concerning Amendments to Law Number 1 of 1974 concerning Marriage, it is stated that marriage is only permitted if the man and woman are 19 years old.
Penciptaan Wayang Rai Topeng: Upaya Menggagas Wahana Cerita Nusantara
Authors: Pudjastawa Astrid Wangsagirindra , Perdananto Yudit
Published: December 2023

Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan konsep dasar penciptaan wayang kulit rai topeng yang dapat dimainkan sebagai alternative perkembangan wayang di Indonesia. Wayang Rai Topeng adalah pertunjukan wayang yang inovatif dengan pendekatan adaptasi kekayaan ragam topeng di Nusantara sebagai upaya menjadikannya media yang dapat digunakan untuk menceritakan kekayaan cerita di Nusantara. Permasalah yang diteliti adalah: (1) apa yang melatarbelakangi terciptanya wayang rai topeng; dan (2) bagaimana konsep dan struktur dasar pementasan wayang rai topeng. Kajian dilakukan dengan menerapkan metode penciptaan seni, yaitu eksplorasi, desain, kreasi dan presentasi. Hasil penelitian menujukkan bahwa: pertama, penciptaan wayang rai topeng dilatarbelakangi oleh menurunnya minat generasi muda terhadap wayang. Kehidupan wayang terpinggirkan, merespons tantangan zaman yaitu era industry 4.0, dan sebagai lanjutan dari eksperimen pertunjukan wayang. Kedua, konsep dasar karakter wayang rai topeng adalah menekankan pada cerita Panji dimana cerita tersebut menggambarkan Panji yang berkeliling Nusantara sehingga memungkinkan munculnya keragaman budaya yang ada. Ketiga, model pertunjukan Wayang Rai Topeng mengadaptasi pertunjukan pendongeng keliling yang menekankan penggambaran wayang sebagai suatu media yang dapat digunakan dimana saja, dan kapan saja.
Implementasi Metode Tonika Solfa Dalam Pembelajaran Teori Dasar Musik Siswa Kelas VIII Di SMP Negeri 21 Medan
Authors: Sinaga Novelia Igres , Sinaga Theodora , Wiflihani Wiflihani
Published: December 2023

This study aims to determine the learning of the Implementation of the Tonika Solfa Method in learning the basic theory of music, to find out the constraints that occur during the learning process and to find out the results after the implementation of the implementation of the tonica solfa method in learning the basic theory of music in eighth grade students at SMP Negeri 21 Medan. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative method. The population in this study were all students of class VIII and the sample in this study were 23 people. This study uses data collection techniques such as observation, interviews and documentation. The results of this study found that the Implementation of the Solica Tonika Method describes how to use the tonica solfa method in reading the scales included in the song and the use of rythimsilabes using hand movements. The learning process of the Solica Tonika Method Implementation, which explains the tonica solfa method in learning the basic theory of music and the parts that are in the tonica solfa method, are explained to students of Class VIII at SMP Negeri 21 Medan
La motorisation du sous-marin français, des origines à 1914
Authors: Brisou Dominique
Published: December 2023

A little over one hundred years ago submarines progressed from the stage of an invention to that of an innovation. This was thanks to the take-off of a technology that alone could enable them to develop - electricity, the crucial element in the second industrial revolution. But the electric motor alone offered little for this new weapon of war at sea because of the extremely feeble range of its batteries. For safety reasons the internal combustion petrol engine was rejected as a means to recharge the batteries whilst the submarine was surfaced. From 1904 the brand-new diesel engine, powered by a safe heavy fuel, would give the submarine its definitive configuration and endow it with great military potential -major use of which was made in the two main wars of the Twentieth Century.

Until diesel trials were successfully completed, the steam-engine was preferred. The experimental phase was long and painful, proceeding by trial-and-error and with many mistakes. It was the work of three French companies : Sautter-Harlé, the French Otto Gaz Company, both located in Paris, and the French Diesel-Engine Company at Longueville (near Bar-le-Duc),

The completion of this stage of development concerned the four-stroke diesel engine. But around 1910 the German firm M.A.N. came up with a two-stroke variant. Several countries including France adopted this prematurely, for it was far from fully ready. Germany drew on this for a Machiavellian plan aimed at pushing its future enemies onto a disastrous course that would have weakened their submarine forces. This unknown episode is now revealed through exploitation of the archives of the Sautter-Harlé company, deposited in the private collections of the Service Historique de la Marine, cartons 1GG 1-66.
L'appréhension sociale et médiatique de Involution des armements : un refus de l'histoire.
Authors: Delgendre Jacques
Published: December 2023

Outside qualified circles, global fears about armaments and how they may be employed remains generally conditioned by representations that are rooted in a past that is now over - represnettaions that take a traditional conception of «war» as the reference point and assign a perennial quality to how things were in the Second World War. Such representations strip the subject of cultural interest, or just evoke repulsion, by reducing them to mere «weapons», implying that they are destined for killing and destruction. But such representations also have an effect of perverting the information the media presents on each particular weapons-system. In reality the major armed crises that have occurred since the end of the Cold War have strongly modified the conception of armaments and radically altered the conditions in which they are used, suggesting that what we see is nothing less than a «rejection of history». This can be just a rejection of «the facts» — but also, in the media, a deliberate, «active» rejection that explicitly denies the credibility of official information about what has changed.
La gendarmerie durant la Seconde Guerre mondiale : entre mémoire du silence et silences de la mémoire.
Authors: Nativité Jean-françois
Published: December 2023

Torn by the struggle between what is remembered and what is known, the Gendarmerie’s remebrance of World War Two has remained, down to the present time, a souvenir that is in the process of recovery. Simultaneously the good and bad conscience of an institution that cares about its image, the Gendarmerie’s memory has been unable to free itself first from the silence imposed on it. and then in turn from the silence induced by traumatisation. At a time when more or less (in)voluntary banishment and amnesia are giving way to a desire to testify and to understand the whole complexity of that sorrowful era, analyses that possess perspective seem possible now. The heroic memory constructed since the Liberation as the singular model for reminiscences of that period has run its course. It now remains for historians to write the history in order to conciliate consciences and take the past upon themselves
Les forces supplétives de l'armée française au Maroc (1912-1934)
Authors: Frémeaux Jacques
Published: December 2023

The auxiliary force of the French Army in Morocco (1912-1934)

longside the Moroccan regular units, the French army in Morocco counted in its strength some important contingents of auxiliaries or supplementary forces. The flexibility of their recruitment and the diversity of the roles in which they were employed made them highly valued by French commanders. They formed shock units, such as the famous goums, as well as police forces at the service of the officers of the Bureau of Indigenous Affairs. Others, less well-known, operated under the direction of Moroccan leaders. This article attempts to lift the veil on these formations.
«L'ennemi, c'est le moustique» Tirailleurs cambodgiens et Pastoriens face au paludisme dans le Haut-Chhlong
Authors: Guenel Annick , Guérin Mathieu
Published: December 2023

In 1932, the 2nd Company of the Native Cambodian Infantry Battalion invaded the region of the Upper-Chhlong, which was located in the North-East of Cambodia, then a French protectorate. This take over was part of a vast military campaign against the indigenous insurgents of that area who struggled since 1912. The Company succeeded in settling in the heart of the country in revolt. However, malaria decimated the troops. The army asked then the Institut Pasteur of Saigon, which had a large experience in malaria treatment, to provide support. The Institut proposed methods th improve the sanitation of the military posts and prohphylactic treatments that used quinine and nez synthetic anti-malaria medicines. Although these medicines were dangerous, they had been tested on the men sent in the Uppert-Chhlong who constituted a perfect population for this experiment. By decreasing morbidity, these medicines allowes the Army to conduct its mission but did not succeed in arresting the disease.
L'armée de Versailles et les combats de rues pendant la Semaine sanglante (21 mai 1871-28 mai 1871)
Authors: Bourlet Michaël
Published: December 2023

A confrontation between the legitimate state authority, forced to take refuge at Versailles, and the Paris insurgents was inevitable once an insurrectional body had constituted itself on 18 March 1871 to direct the affairs of the city without reference to the government. Thus was the Paris Commune born. The army assembled at Versailles and loyal to Adolphe Thiers was thenceforth obliged not to maintain order in the capital but to regain control of the city in order to restore order. For a week the Versaillais and the Communard insurgents battled it out in ferocious street fighting. By the end of the week (dubbed ‘Bloody Week’), for the first time in the nineteenth century the army’s high command had succeeded in entirely wiping out an insurrection and saving the political regime. In more ways than one the street fighting prefigured the urban warfare.that would become commonplace in the twentieth century : the city became a battlefield, whether this came about in the context of a civil war or a conventional conflict. More than ever the maintenance of order, or its re-establishment, became of vital significance, cities being the concentration points of men, resources and above all of power.
L'administration française du sandjak de Sis/Kozan en 1919-1920
Authors: Zarifian Julien
Published: December 2023

At the close of the First World War France set up an administration for those regions in the Near-East turned over to her by agreement among the Allies. Thus Cilicia, to the south of present-day Turkey, was placed under the authority of General Dufieux and particularly under Colonel Brémond. Governing this province, with its complex history and ethnic composition, very quickly proved difficult. Besides having few resources at its disposal, the French administration had to retain the existing and generally badly disposed Turko-Ottoman bureaucrats. To tackle this situation, Brémond sent some of his officers to take charge of important Cilician sanjaks (departments).

Thus Captain Taillardat arrived alone at the beginning of 1919 at Sis, the prefecture of the Sanjak of Kozan, at the northern extremity of the French zone. He managed to channel the influx of Armenians, survivors of the genocide of 1915-17, whose return home was favoured French policy and on whose traditionally friendly disposition France counted. Taillardat thoroughly reorganised the Sanjak, beginning with the police. He took steps to improve hygiene, reconstruct houses and roads and improve schooling for children.

The year 1919 closed with a generally positive record for Taillardat’s administration. But soon the Kemalist wave broke over the region, which lost the support of Paris as France opted instead to back the infant Kemalist movement. By the start of June 1920 there were no French left in Kozan. That October the last Armenian town fell. It was the end for French Cilicia, and also for the pluri-secular Armenian presence in the region. In their place came the Republic of Turkey, which would be officially established two years later.
La création trop tardive des divisions cuirassées en 1940
Authors: Chaix Bruno
Published: December 2023

The French reverses in 1940 were, in part, caused by the dispersion of tanks and the poor performance of armoured divisions, which were created far too late. TTe reasons for these deficiencies are well known but the background to this decision is not well documented. To fill this gap, the author wishes to present an unedited «GQG» paper of December 1939 with his comment.

The administrative attachment of all tanks under infantry in 1920 perpetuated their primary employement as support of the infantry and prevented later initiatives towards the creation of combined armoured units, capable of autonomous operations. TTis was particularly the case in 1932 when «détachements mécaniques de combat» were abandoned under pressure from the Inspector of infantry. In 1936, at the insistance of Daladier, the General Staff, finally, experimented with an armoured division but never decided to field it. Because heavy tanks B - considered essential for armoured divisions - suffered delays in their production and because the French High Command was not convinced of the efficacy of such divisions and favoured infantry support tank battalions. In December 1939, stimulated by Colonel de Gaulle and, above all. General Billotte, the decision to create armoured divisions was taken after a doctrinal debate, perfectly recorded in the «GQG» paper at annex. It was already too late !
Les Roumains à Stalingrad en 1942 (1ere partie)
Authors: Mihaïl Alexandre
Published: December 2023

In September 1942, entirely at the wish of the Romanian ‘Conducator’, Marshal Antonescu, 500,000 Romanian soldiers found themselves fighting far from home on the Eastern Front. The manpower crisis that confronted the German high command led it to entrust the defence of the Vlth Army’s flanks to 250,000 poorly-armed, trained and led Romanians. Hitler thought this possible because ‘Russia was finished’. Faced by an adversary with a crushing superiority in all means, there could only be one outcome to the battle. Despite an exemplary display of heroism that was acknowledged by the Soviets, all the equipment of the four divisions engaged was lost, and 100,000 Romanians disappeared for ever in the steppes of the Don.
La première campagne d'Andalousie (mai-juillet 1808) : violences confrontées, exacerbées, enfouies
Authors: Lafon Jean-Marc
Published: December 2023

The first campaign in Andalousia (may-july 1808) : confronted, aggaved, hidden violences ; The study of the first Andalusia campaign in summer 1808 can only be enriched by the contributions of historians of violence — modern or most commonly contemorary historians who mostly study the two World Wars. Addressing the practice of cruelties in the Midi from the war’s outset has long been the monopoly of sterile polemics, traceable to overtly nationalist inspiration. In the case of Andalucia, to be sure, the comparative shortage of archival source materials does pose a significant obstacle to research. However, textual analysis of the memoirs of French Imperial soldiers, supported by external evidence, permits a differentiation between the kinds of violence that were perpetrated. For the French it was a case of depredations that recurred due to the deficiencies of the Imperial logistics systems, exacerbated by the over-representation of conscripts among Duponts men ; for the Spaniards, the violence was a case of killings and then compensation. These acts of violence, rather than reflecting an underlying social malaise that was real enough (as at Valencia and doubtless at Malaga too ) are to be explained as the outcome of a traditional conception of justice, dominant in the lands of Southern Europe with their specific rituals. It is also possible to see in this violence a expression of popular religiosity that was strongly millennarian in character, and converged with the counter-revolutionary inspiration provided by the bodies that directed the insurrection, in this case the Junta of Seville.
1813-1818 : les premières occupations de la période contemporaine en France
Authors: Hantraye Jacques
Published: December 2023

1813-1818 : the first occupation in the today period in France ; The foreign military occupations of 1813-1818 are the first of the contemporary era. The occupation of 1813-1814 is closely linked to the fightings and ended with the peace treaty of 1814. The other one has at first the same characteristics, but becomes later a guarantee occupation, organized according to the treaty of Paris of november 1815. In 1813-1814, the allied forces occupied mostly the North East and Center East of France, and also the South East. In 1815, most of the northern part of the country, except western Britanny, is occupied, but also all of the eastern boundaries areas. The diversity of the foreign troops reflects the coalitions maked up against the Napoleonic domination in Europe. German troops are the most numerous, but British and Russian units took also a large part during the occupations. Were also present Spanish, Portuguese, Danish and troops from the Netherlands. One mustn’t forget that units from central and eastern Europe, belonging to areas under Austrian or Russian domination also occupied France. Although violence was almost present during that period, it remained under control and it served mostly to control the populations and the country. In spite of that, the contacts between the troops and the civilians, which developed mutual knowledge between European people. Slowly, the figure of the Cossack replaced the Prussian one.