bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Glutathione peroxidase 8 expression on cancer cells and cancer‐associated fibroblasts facilitates lung cancer metastasis
Authors: Xu Yu‐Lian , Yuan Luo‐Wei , Jiang Xiao‐Ming , Su Min‐Xia , Huang Mu‐Yang , Chen Yu‐Chi , Zhang Le‐Le , Chen Xiuping , Zhu Hong , Lu Jin‐Jian
Published: August 2022

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death worldwide, of which lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is the most common subtype. Metastasis is the major cause of poor prognosis and mortality for lung cancer patients, which urgently needs great efforts to be further explored. Herein, glutathione peroxidase 8 (GPX8) was identified as a novel potential pro‐metastatic gene in LUAD metastatic mice models from GEO database. GPX8 was highly expressed in tumor tissues, predicting poor prognosis in LUAD patients. Knockdown of GPX8 inhibited LUAD metastasis in vitro and in vivo, while it did not obviously affect tumor growth. Knockdown of GPX8 decreased the levels of p‐FAK and p‐Paxillin and disturbed the distribution of focal adhesion. Furthermore, GPX8 was overexpressed in cancer‐associated fibroblast (CAF) and associated with CAF infiltration in tumor microenvironment of lung cancer. GPX8 silence on fibroblasts suppressed lung cancer cell migration in the coculture system. BRD2 and RRD4 were the potential transcriptionally regulators for GPX8. Bromodomain extra‐terminal inhibitor JQ1 downregulated GPX8 expression and suppressed lung cancer cell migration. Our findings indicate that highly expressed GPX8 in lung cancer cells and fibroblasts functions as a pro‐metastatic factor in lung cancer. JQ1 is identified as a potential inhibitor against GPX8‐mediated lung cancer metastasis.
Asymptotic expansion for 1D steady nonuniform enthalpy compressible supersonic flow at high Reynolds number
Authors: Cao Kui , Liu Tiegang
Published: August 2022

The exact solution of one‐dimensional (1D) steady compressible Navier–Stokes (N‐S) equations at high Reynolds number has not been given yet under nonuniform total enthalpy when the Prandtl number (
) is not equal to 0.75 since Becker's work in 1922. In this paper, we give an asymptotic expansion of the solution of the above equations at high Reynolds number by using the method of matched asymptotic expansions and prove convergence of the asymptotic solution under some assumptions. By analyzing the dimensionless form of one‐dimensional steady compressible Navier–Stokes equations, we find that if there are extreme points inside the boundary layer, the number of extreme points of velocity is at most one more than that of total enthalpy and the extreme points of each flow variables are different from each other. Based on the second‐order asymptotic expansion solution, we show that there are extreme points inside the thin boundary layer under some special conditions. Examples are given to verify theoretical analysis. The present asymptotic expansion solution is valuable for verifying the efficiency of high‐order numerical methods in flow simulation of high Reynolds number.
2D/0D hierarchical heterostructures prepared via facet‐selective epitaxial growth of triangular Rh nanoplates on 2H‐Pd nanoparticles
Authors: Wang Xixi , Ge Yiyao , Zhang Qinghua , Lin Ting , Chen Bo , Li Lujiang , Huang Zhiqi , Yun Qinbai , Zhou Xichen , Shi Zhenyu , Liu Guanghua , Liu Jiawei , Wang Gang , Zheng Long , Huang Biao , Liao Lingwen , Yao Yao , Zhai Li , Lu Shiyao , Luo Qinxin , Chen Ye , Gu Lin , Zhang Hua
Published: August 2022

Phase engineering of nanomaterials opens a promising gateway to the construction of noble metal hierarchical heterostructures in a well‐defined manner. Here, by using zero‐dimensional (0D) Pd nanoparticles with hexagonal close‐packed (hcp, 2H type) phase, denoted as 2H‐Pd, as seeds, we report a facet‐selective epitaxial growth method to prepare two‐dimensional (2D)/0D Pd@Rh hierarchical heterostructures, in which two parallel triangular Rh nanoplates selectively grow on two opposite (002)h facets of 2H‐Pd due to the confined growth of Rh along <002>h direction. Systematic characterizations demonstrate that a phase transformation from 2H phase to 2H/face‐centered cubic (fcc) heterophase occurs during the formation of such 2D/0D hierarchical heterostructure with the continuous growth of Rh nanoplates. The obtained 2D/0D Pd@Rh hierarchical heterostructures with a Pd/Rh atomic ratio of ∼39/61, denoted as Pd39@Rh61, exhibit excellent performance toward electrochemical hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in acid electrolyte. To reach the current density of 10 mA cm–2, the overpotential of only 21.3 mV is required for the 2D/0D Pd39@Rh61, which is comparable to commercial Pt/C and also among the best Rh‐based HER catalysts reported until now.

Key Points

The rational synthesis of novel 2D/0D Pd@Rh hierarchical heterostructures via the facet‐selective epitaxial growth of Rh nanoplates on Pd nanoparticles with an unconventional 2H phase is realized.

Two parallel triangular Rh nanoplates selectively grow on two opposite (002)h facets of 2H‐Pd due to the confined growth of Rh along <002>h direction.

2D/0D Pd@Rh hierarchical heterostructures exhibit excellent performance toward electrochemical hydrogen evolution reaction in acid electrolyte.
Bioautography‐guided HPTLC–MS as a rapid hyphenated technique for the identification of antimicrobial compounds from selected South African Combretaceae species
Authors: Anokwuru Chinedu P. , Chen Weiyang , van Vuuren Sandy , Combrinck Sandra , Viljoen Alvaro M.
Published: August 2022

Introduction

Many species within Combretaceae are traditionally used for the treatment of bacterial infections. The similarity in chemistry and antimicrobial activities within the family pose a challenge in selecting suitable species for herbal drug development.

Objective

This study aimed at rapidly identifying antimicrobial compounds using bioautography‐guided high‐performance thin‐layer chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (HPTLC–MS).

Methods

Hierarchical cluster analysis of ultra‐performance liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry data from the methanol extracts of 77 samples, representing four genera within Combretaceae, was carried out. Based on groupings on the dendrogram, 15 samples were selected for bioautography analysis against four pathogens (Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium). Active compounds were identified using HPTLC–MS analysis of bands corresponding to the inhibition zones.

Results

Bioautography revealed 15 inhibition zones against the four pathogens, with the most prominent present for Combretum imberbe. Analysis of the active bands, using HPTLC–MS indicated that flavonoids, triterpenoids and combretastatin B5 contributed to the antibacterial activity. The compounds corresponding to molecular ions m/z 471 (Combretum imberbe) and 499 (Combretum elaeagnoides) inhibited all four pathogens, and were identified as imberbic acid and jessic acid, respectively. Chemotaxonomic analysis indicated that arjunic acid, ursolic acid and an unidentified triterpenoid (m/z 471) were ubiquitous in the Combretaceae species and could be responsible for their antibacterial activities.

Conclusion

Application of HPTLC–MS enabled the rapid screening of extracts to identify active compounds within taxonomically related species. This approach allows for greater efficiency in the natural product research workflow to identify bioactive compounds in crude extracts.
The prevalence of psychological disorders among cancer patients during the COVID‐19 pandemic: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Zhang Lemeng , Liu Xiaohong , Tong Fei , Zhou Ran , Peng Wanglian , Yang Hui , Liu Feng , Yang Desong , Huang Xufen , Wen Minni , Jiang Ling , Yi Lili
Published: August 2022

Purpose

We aimed to assess the prevalence rate (PR) of depression, anxiety, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), insomnia, distress, and fear of cancer progression/recurrence among patients with cancer during the COVID‐19 pandemic.

Methods

Studies that reported the PR of six psychological disorders among cancer patients during the COVID‐19 pandemic were searched in PubMed, Embase, PsycINFO, and Web of Science databases, from January 2020 up to 31 January 2022. Meta‐analysis results were merged using PR and 95% confidence intervals, and heterogeneity among studies was evaluated using I2 and Cochran's Q test. Publication bias was examined using funnel plots and Egger's tests. All data analyses were performed using Stata14.0 software.

Results

Forty studies with 27,590 participants were included. Pooled results showed that the PR of clinically significant depression, anxiety, PTSD, distress, insomnia, and fear of cancer progression/recurrence among cancer patients were 32.5%, 31.3%, 28.2%, 53.9%, 23.2%, and 67.4%, respectively. Subgroup analysis revealed that patients with head and neck cancer had the highest PR of clinically significant depression (74.6%) and anxiety (92.3%) symptoms. Stratified analysis revealed that patients with higher education levels had higher levels of clinically significant depression (37.2%). A higher level of clinically significant PTSD was observed in employed patients (47.4%) or female with cancer (27.9%).

Conclusion

This meta‐analysis evaluated the psychological disorders of cancer patients during the COVID‐19 outbreak. Therefore, it is necessary to develop psychological interventions to improve the mental health of cancer patients during the pandemic.
PET imaging to assess fibroblast activation protein inhibitor biodistribution: A training program adapted to pharmacology education
Authors: Ge Luna , Song Guanhua , Zhang Yuang , Pan Jihong , Zhang Yihang , Wang Lin , Cheng Kai
Published: August 2022

In the process of pharmacology education, practical teaching is an important complement to theoretical teaching. These activities include the use of experimental animals to obtain certain pharmacological parameters or to help students understand certain classical concepts. However, the growing interest in laboratory animal welfare, the rapid development of pharmacology research and the challenges of cultivating innovative pharmacy talent create a need for innovative and flexible in vitro experiments for teaching purposes. Here, we report the application of positron emission tomography (PET) imaging of 18F‐labeled fibroblast activation protein inhibitor (18F‐FAPi) to practical pharmacology teaching, enabling dynamic visualization of the distribution and excretion process of FAPi in mice. Students can quantitatively analyze the distribution of FAPi in various tissues and organs without sacrificing the mice. Furthermore, the newly implemented method resulted in highly reproducible results and was generally appreciated by the students. Additionally, the application of PET imaging in pharmacokinetic teaching can not only greatly reduce the use of experimental animals but also need not sacrificing animals. Of note is that dynamic scanning data from this project can be used for online practical teaching during COVID‐19 pandemic.
Dynamic learning from neural network‐based control for sampled‐data strict‐feedback nonlinear systems
Authors: Zhang Fukai , Wu Weiming , Wang Cong
Published: August 2022

This article focuses on the dynamic learning and control problem for a class of nonlinear sampled‐data systems in strict‐feedback form. To achieve learning of unknown system dynamics in closed‐loop control, two obstacles need to be overcome: the inherent noncausal problem in the backstepping design of discrete‐time nonlinear systems, and the exponential stability of the sampling closed‐loop error system. First, a novel command filtered adaptive neural control is developed to achieve closed‐loop stability and the convergence of output tracking error based on Lyapunov theory, the noncausal problem is overcome by utilizing the command filter technique, and the ‐step delay is avoided in the recursive process. Second, by combining a state transformation method, the closed‐loop error system is divided into perturbed linear time‐varying (LTV) subsystems. Based on the convergence of the tracking errors, the partial persistent excitation (PE) condition of the radial basis function network is verified and established recursively. By extending the exponential stability result of a class of discrete‐time LTV systems, the convergence of the estimated weights to their optimal values is guaranteed with the PE condition. Subsequently, locally accurate approximation/learning of the unknown closed‐loop sampled dynamics can be obtained and stored in the form of constant neural networks. Finally, by reutilizing the acquired knowledge, a learning‐based control scheme for the sampled‐data system is further proposed to pursue improved control performance. Simulation studies are performed to illustrate the validity of the proposed scheme.
Theobroma cacao: Somatic Embryogenesis
Authors: Guillou Caroline , Verdier Dorothée
Published: August 2022

A two-step process combining direct and indirect somatic embryogenesis, on solid and liquid medium, respectively is described forTheobroma cacao L.Staminodes and petals from unopened bud flowers are used to induce primary direct embryos. Then, these primary embryos are cut to produce embryogenic calli which will develop secondary embryos. This step of indirect SE allows us to produce large quantities of embryos and to do mass propagation using liquid culture medium. Despite a very strong clone dependency and high batch-to-batch variability, about 80% ofT. cacaocultivars respond to somatic embryogenesis and can be propagated by this method.
Comparability, Competition and Control: Performance Management in the Correctional Services of Germany and England and Wales
Authors: Iloga Balep Nathalie , Guter-Sandu Andrei , Mennicken Andrea , Huber Christian
Published: August 2022

In den vergangenen drei Jahrzehnten hat Performance Measurement im öffentlichen Sektor über New Public Management stetig zugenommen, so auch im Strafvollzug. Dieses Kapitel vergleicht Leistungsmessungssysteme in den Strafvollzugssystemen von Deutschland sowie England und Wales und geht dabei auf drei Hauptthemen ein: Erstens beschreiben wir die grundlegenden Merkmale beider Strafvollzugssysteme. Zweitens gehen wir der Frage nach, welche formalen Gründe hinter der Einführung von Performance Measurement-Instrumenten stehen. Drittens untersuchen wir die Effekte von Leistungssmessungssystemen auf die Steuerung des Strafvollzugs. Abschließend diskutieren wir, unter welchen Bedingungen Leistungsmessungssysteme einen produktiven Austausch zwischen verschiedenen Akteuren, Interessen und teilweise konfliktären Werten und Zielen ermöglichen können. Dem in englischer Sprache verfassten Beitrag ist eine deutschsprachige Kurzfassung vorangestellt.
Bubble nucleation to all orders
Authors: Ekstedt Andreas
Published: August 2022

Abstract

This paper extends classical results by Langer and Kramers [1–3] and combines them with modern methods from high-temperature field theory [4–8]. Assuming Langevin dynamics, the end-product is an all-orders description of bubble-nucleation at high temperatures. Specifically, it is shown that equilibrium and non-equilibrium effects factorize to all orders — the nucleation rate splits into a statistical and a dynamical prefactor. The derivation clarifies, and incorporates, higher-order corrections from zero-modes [9–11]. The rate is also shown to be real to all orders in perturbation theory. The methods are applied to several models. As such, Feynman rules are given; the relevant power-counting is introduced; RG invariance is shown; the connection with the effective action is discussed, and an explicit construction of propagators in an inhomogeneous background is given. The formalism applies to both phase and Sphaleron transitions. While mainly focused on field theory, the methods are applicable to finite-dimensional systems. Finally, as this paper assumes an effective Langevin description [4–7, 12–14], all results only hold within this framework.
Activation of non-classical NMDA receptors by glycine impairs barrier function of brain endothelial cells
Authors: Epping Lisa , Schroeter Christina B. , Nelke Christopher , Bock Stefanie , Gola Lukas , Ritter Nadine , Herrmann Alexander M. , Räuber Saskia , Henes Antonia , Wasser Beatrice , Fernandez-Orth Juncal , Neuhaus Winfried , Bittner Stefan , Budde Thomas , Platten Michael , Kovac Stjepana , Seebohm Guiscard , Ruck Tobias , Cerina Manuela , Meuth Sven G.
Published: August 2022

Blood–brain barrier (BBB) integrity is necessary to maintain homeostasis of the central nervous system (CNS). NMDA receptor (NMDAR) function and expression have been implicated in BBB integrity. However, as evidenced in neuroinflammatory conditions, BBB disruption contributes to immune cell infiltration and propagation of inflammatory pathways. Currently, our understanding of the pathophysiological role of NMDAR signaling on endothelial cells remains incomplete. Thus, we investigated NMDAR function on primary mouse brain microvascular endothelial cells (MBMECs). We detected glycine-responsive NMDAR channels, composed of functional GluN1, GluN2A and GluN3A subunits. Importantly, application of glycine alone, but not glutamate, was sufficient to induce NMDAR-mediated currents and an increase in intracellular Ca2+concentrations. Functionally, glycine-mediated NMDAR activation leads to loss of BBB integrity and changes in actin distribution. Treatment of oocytes that express NMDARs composed of different subunits, with GluN1 and GluN3A binding site inhibitors, resulted in abrogation of NMDAR signaling as measured by two-electrode voltage clamp (TEVC). This effect was only detected in the presence of the GluN2A subunits, suggesting the latter as prerequisite for pharmacological modulation of NMDARs on brain endothelial cells. Taken together, our findings argue for a novel role of glycine as NMDAR ligand on endothelial cells shaping BBB integrity.
Palliative care on the radiation oncology ward—improvements in clinical care through interdisciplinary ward rounds
Authors: Oertel Michael , Schmidt Renate , Steike David Rene , Eich Hans Theodor , Lenz Philipp
Published: August 2022

Introduction

Palliative care is essential for patients with terminal diseases and aims at effective symptom control. This may stand in opposition to radiation treatment as an oncological treatment modality. The hereby presented work demonstrates the successful integration of a palliative care service in the radiation oncology ward.

Methods

Since 2015, 1018 patients were seen by the palliative care service on the radiation oncology ward and have been analyzed in this single center study. To assess teaching efficacy of the consultation service, a survey was conducted among 15 radiation oncology residents.

Results

Cooperation between the two departments proved to be efficient with rising patient numbers. Palliative care was able to guide appropriate postdischarge care with the number of patients dying on the radiation oncology ward decreasing significantly (p = 0.009). The main topics for consultation were pain medication (92.3%), organization of postdischarge care (92.3%), and psycho-oncological support (84.6%). Most residents had a positive image of the palliative care service and consented on adjectives like “enriching”, “empathic”, “collegial”, “professionally founded”, and a “low threshold for consultation”. All participants agreed that cooperation deepened their knowledge on palliative care.

Conclusion

A synergistic cooperation between a palliative care consultation service and a radiation oncology department addresses patient symptoms on an individual level. It confers advanced knowledge on palliative care which is essential for resident education and patient treatment.
Nosokomiale Infektionen und Antibiotikaanwendung in Langzeitpflegeeinrichtungen. Deutsche Ergebnisse der dritten europäischen Punkt-Prävalenz-Erhebung HALT-3
Authors: Schmidt Nicole , Marujo Vanda , Eckmanns Tim , Zacher Benedikt , Arvand Mardjan , Ruscher Claudia
Published: August 2022

Hintergrund und Ziel

Die wichtige Rolle der Maßnahmen zur Infektionsprävention und -kontrolle in Langzeitpflegeeinrichtungen ist im Kontext der aktuellen SARS-CoV-2-Pandemie besonders deutlich geworden. Um eine verlässliche Datenbasis zu nosokomialen Infektionen und Antibiotikaanwendung zu gewinnen, hat das European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) 2016–2017 die dritte Punkt-Prävalenz-Erhebung in europäischen Langzeitpflegeeinrichtungen (HALT-3) initiiert.

Material und Methoden

In Deutschland nahmen 131 Einrichtungen mit 10.565 Bewohnern teil. An einem Stichtag 2016 wurden die Anzahl von nosokomialen Infektionen, die Antibiotikaanwendung sowie Pflegecharakteristika und Risikofaktoren der Bewohner erhoben. Infektionen wurden symptombasiert anhand von Algorithmen entsprechend der McGeer-Surveillance-Definitionen für Pflegeeinrichtungen erfasst.

Ergebnisse

Bei 177 Bewohnern wurde eine nosokomiale Infektion dokumentiert, was einer Prävalenz von 1,7 % (95 %-KI: 1,3–2,1) entspricht und im europäischen Vergleich (Mittelwert 3,9 %) ein eher niedriger Wert ist. Harnwegsinfektionen waren mit knapp 50 % die häufigsten Infektionen, gefolgt von Atemwegs‑, Haut- und Weichgewebeinfektionen. Die häufigsten Indikationen für eine Antibiotikaanwendung entsprechen den erfassten Infektionen. Bei 143 Bewohnern wurde eine Antibiotikaanwendung dokumentiert (Prävalenz 1,4 %, 95 %-KI: 1,1–1,7). Auffällig war der hohe Einsatz von Fluorchinolonen mit über 20 % aller Verordnungen.

Diskussion

Der Aufbau einer einrichtungsbasierten Surveillance von nosokomialen Infektionen und Antibiotikaanwendung könnte zusammen mit der Zurverfügungstellung von spezifisch auf die geriatrische Population zugeschnittenen Leitlinien zur Verbesserung der Infektionsprävention und zum rationaleren Einsatz von Antibiotika beitragen sowie die Qualität und Sicherheit in der Pflege erhöhen.
Neuropathischer Pruritus – evidenzbasierte Behandlungsempfehlungen
Authors: Baka Panoraia , Birklein Frank
Published: August 2022

Der neuropathische Pruritus ist ein bisher vernachlässigtes Symptom einer Vielzahl von neurologischen Erkrankungen. Mechanische Engpasssyndrome peripherer Nerven oder Nervenwurzeln, raumfordernde Läsionen des Zentralnervensystems, chronisch-entzündliche neurologische Erkrankungen oder eine Polyneuropathie können einen neuropathischen Pruritus verursachen. Selbst wenn die Identifizierung der zugrunde liegenden neurologischen Erkrankung erfolgreich ist, ist eine kausale Therapie nicht immer möglich, sodass eine effiziente symptomatische Behandlung die einzige therapeutische Option darstellt. Der Zweck dieser Übersichtsarbeit ist, die aktuelle Literatur zu verschiedenen Wirkstoffen und Therapieoptionen bei der Behandlung des neuropathischen Pruritus darzustellen.
Do credit supply shocks have asymmetric effects?
Authors: Finck David , Rudel Paul
Published: August 2022

They do. Partly. We identify credit supply shocks via sign restrictions in a Bayesian VAR and separate them into positive and negative. Using local projections, we find that positive credit supply shocks leave notably different prints in private debt, mortgage debt, and debt-to-GDP, as opposed to negative credit supply shocks. This pattern is caused by the response of household mortgage debt. Furthermore, we find evidence that positive credit supply shocks are the driving force behind boom-bust cycles. Yet, developments behind the boom-bust cycle cannot explain the strong and persistent response in debt; but house prices tend to. However, if we abstract from potential asymmetries, we get rather mild results, which underestimate the true effects of credit supply shocks.
Combining VGOS, legacy S/X and GNSS for the determination of UT1
Authors: Diamantidis Periklis-Konstantinos , Haas Rüdiger , Varenius Eskil , Schartner Matthias , Matsumoto Saho
Published: August 2022

We perform a combination on the observation level (COL) between VLBI and co-located GNSS in the context of VLBI intensive sessions. Our approach revolves around an estimation procedure which uses 3 h of GNSS data that uniformly encapsulate the 1-h VLBI data, in order to provide consistent troposphere information. We test this approach on both VGOS and Legacy S/X using the VGOS-B and concurrently observed INT1 sessions. The COL strategy is found to increase the precision by 15 % over both session types and leads to an increase of 65 % in the agreement between the sessions when estimating tropospheric gradients every 3 h. A more frequent estimation of the gradients every 1 h, which can be rigorously pursued with the utilization of multi-GNSS, results in a further convergence of the two session types by 30 %. The COL-aided length-of-day (LOD) products also show a 55 % better agreement to external GNSS-derived LOD. In the light of the increasing precision of broadcast GNSS orbits and clocks, this COL strategy can be used to derive rapid UT1-UTC products.
Can the intra-operative measurement of the diameter of the femoral head help surgeons to choose the best size of the acetabular cup?
Authors: Muñoz-Mahamud Ernesto , Chimeno Clara , Tornero Eduard , Alías Alfonso , Fernández-Valencia Jenaro Ángel , Combalia Andrés
Published: August 2022

Purpose

We hypothesized that the intra-operative measurement of the femoral head may increase the accuracy of the acetabular cup size optimal selection in total hip arthroplasty (THA). The purpose of this clinical research was to analyze the correlation between the estimated cup size from intra-operative measurement of the femoral head and the pre-operative templated cup size.

Methods

A prospective observational single-center study was conducted from June 2019 to January 2020 including primary THA (n = 100). All cases were pre-operatively templated. The measurement of the anterior–posterior diameter of the femoral head was routinely intra-operatively performed. Any definitive implanted cup was considered as “oversized” when the size was > 4 mm than the diameter of the native head.

Results

The median (interquartile range) size of the implanted cup, pre-operative planned cup size, and diameter of the femoral head were measured 52 (50–54) mm, 50 (48–54) mm and 49 (45–51) mm, respectively. Pre-operative planned size cup accurately predicted the implanted cup or differed in only one size (2 mm) in 77 (78%) cases. Otherwise, intra-operative femoral head measurement method accurately predicted the implanted or differed in only one size (2 mm) in 51 (87%) cases (p = 0.097).

Conclusion

The intra-operative femoral head measurement is a simple and reliable tool to help the surgeons choose the best size of the acetabular cup and is as reliable as the pre-operative templating in order to avoid cup oversizing in THA. Utmost caution is warranted whenever the cup reamer is > 4 mm than the anterior–posterior diameter of the native head.
Digital Follow‐Up After Elective Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy: A Feasibility Study
Authors: Daliya Prita , Carvell Jody , Rozentals Judith , Lobo Dileep N. , Parsons Simon L.
Published: August 2022

Background

Although recommendations exist for patients to be offered a post‐operative helpline or telephone follow‐up appointment at discharge after cholecystectomy, implementation of these is resource‐intensive. Whilst the benefits of telephone follow‐up are well documented, the use of digital modalities is less so. We aimed to identify if digital follow‐up (DFU) was equivalent to routine care with telephone follow‐up (TFU), for patients undergoing elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

Methods

All patients listed for elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy between August 2016 and March 2018 were offered routine post‐operative care (TFU or no follow‐up) or DFU at a tertiary referral centre in Nottingham.

Results

Of 597 patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy, 199 (33.3%) opted for TFU, and 98 (16.4%) for DFU. DFU was completed for 85 (86.7%) participants and TFU for 125 (62.8%), p < 0.0001. Over 5 times as many patients who chose TFU missed their appointment compared to DFU (5.6% vs. 30.9%, p < 0.001). At 30‐days post‐operatively, patients undergoing TFU had significantly more post‐operative wound infections identified then those undergoing DFU (17.6% vs 5.9%, p = 0.01). However, this did not impact the incidence of 30‐day readmissions between groups (7.2% TFU vs. 7.1% DFU). No complications were missed by either the DFU or TFU modalities. DFU was completed significantly earlier than TFU (median 6 days vs. 13.5 days, p = 0.001) with high patient acceptability, identifying complications and alerting clinicians to those patients requiring an early review.

Conclusion

This feasibility study has demonstrated that digital follow‐up is an acceptable alternative to telephone follow‐up after elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy.
An update on antibody–drug conjugates in urothelial carcinoma: state of the art strategies and what comes next
Authors: D’Angelo Alberto , Chapman Robert , Sirico Marianna , Sobhani Navid , Catalano Martina , Mini Enrico , Roviello Giandomenico
Published: August 2022

In recent years, considerable progress has been made in increasing the knowledge of tumour biology and drug resistance mechanisms in urothelial cancer. Therapeutic strategies have significantly advanced with the introduction of novel approaches such as immune checkpoint inhibitors and Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor inhibitors. However, despite these novel agents, advanced urothelial cancer is often still progressive in spite of treatment and correlates with a poor prognosis. The introduction of antibody–drug conjugates consisting of a target-specific monoclonal antibody covalently linked to a payload (cytotoxic agent) is a novel and promising therapeutic strategy. In December 2019, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) granted accelerated approval to the nectin-4-targeting antibody–drug conjugate, enfortumab vedotin, for the treatment of advanced or metastatic urothelial carcinomas that are refractory to both immune checkpoint inhibitors and platinum-based treatment. Heavily pre-treated urothelial cancer patients reported a significant, 40% response to enfortumab vedotin while other antibody–drug conjugates are currently still under investigation in several clinical trials. We have comprehensively reviewed the available treatment strategies for advanced urothelial carcinoma and outlined the mechanism of action of antibody–drug conjugate agents, their clinical applications, resistance mechanisms and future strategies for urothelial cancer.
Incidence of genitourinary complications following radiation therapy for localised prostate cancer
Authors: David Rowan V. , Kahokehr Arman A. , Lee Jason , Watson David I. , Leung John , O’Callaghan Michael E.
Published: August 2022

Purpose

Studies of genitourinary toxicity following radiotherapy for prostate cancer are mainly from high volume single institutions and the incidence and burden of treatment remain uncertain. Hence we determine the cumulative incidence of treatment-related genitourinary toxicity in patients with localised prostate cancer treated with primary external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) at a state population level.

Methods

We analysed data from a prospective population-based cohort, including hospital admission and cancer registry data, for men with localised prostate cancer who underwent primary EBRT without nodal irradiation between 1998 and 2019 in South Australia. The 10-year cumulative incidence of genitourinary toxicity requiring hospitalisation or procedures was determined. Clinical predictors of toxicity and the volume of admissions, non-operative, minor operative and major operative procedures were determined.

Results

All the included patients (n = 3350) had EBRT, with a median (IQR) of 74 Gy (70–78) in 37 fractions (35–39). The 10-year cumulative incidence of was 28.4% (95% CI 26.3–30.6) with a total of 2545 hospital admissions, including 1040 (41%) emergency and 1893 (74%) readmissions. The 10-year cumulative incidence of patients in this cohort requiring a urological operative procedure was 18% (95% CI 16.1–19.9), with a total of 106 (4.2%) non-operative, 1044 (41%) minor operative and 57 (2.2%) major operative urological procedures.

Conclusions

Genitourinary toxicity after radiotherapy for prostate cancer is common. Although there continue to be advancements in radiotherapy techniques, patients and physicians should be aware of the risk of late toxicity when considering EBRT.
The epidemiology of dystonia: the Hannover epidemiology study
Authors: Dressler Dirk , Altenmüller Eckart , Giess Ralf , Krauss Joachim K. , Adib Saberi Fereshte
Published: August 2022

The prevalence of dystonia has been studied since the 1980s. Due to different methodologies and due to varying degrees of awareness, resulting figures have been extremely different. We wanted to determine the prevalence of dystonia according to its current definition, using quality-approved registries and based on its relevance for patients, their therapy and the health care system. We applied a service-based chart review design with the City of Hannover as reference area and a population of 525,731. Barrier-free comprehensive dystonia treatment in few highly specialised centres for the last 30 years should have generated maximal dystonia awareness, a minimum of unreported cases and a high degree of data homogeneity. Prevalence [n/1mio] and relative frequency is 601.1 (100%) for all forms of dystonia, 251.1 (42%) for cervical dystonia, 87.5 (15%) for blepharospasm, 55.2 (9%) for writer’s cramp, 38.0 (6%) for tardive dystonia, 32.3 (5%) for musician’s dystonia, 28.5 (5%) for psychogenic dystonia, 26.6 (4%) for generalised dystonia, 24.7 (4%) for spasmodic dysphonia, 20.9 (3%) for segmental dystonia, 15.2 (3%) for arm dystonia and 13.3 (2%) for oromandibular dystonia. Leg dystonia, hemidystonia and complex regional pain syndrome-associated dystonia are very rare. Compared to previous meta-analytical data, primary or isolated dystonia is 3.3 times more frequent in our study. When all forms of dystonia including psychogenic, generalised, tardive and other symptomatic dystonias are considered, our dystonia prevalence is 3.7 times higher than believed before. The real prevalence is likely to be even higher. Having based our study on treatment necessity, our data will allow better allocation of resources for comprehensive dystonia treatment.
FABP1 expression in human tumors: a tissue microarray study on 17,071 tumors
Authors: Dum David , Ocokoljic Ana , Lennartz Maximilian , Hube-Magg Claudia , Reiswich Viktor , Höflmayer Doris , Jacobsen Frank , Bernreuther Christian , Lebok Patrick , Sauter Guido , Luebke Andreas M. , Burandt Eike , Marx Andreas H. , Simon Ronald , Clauditz Till S. , Minner Sarah , Menz Anne , Büscheck Franziska , Gorbokon Natalia , Steurer Stefan , Blessin Niclas C. , Krech Till
Published: August 2022

Fatty acid–binding proteins (FABPs) play a pivotal role in the metabolism of fatty acids and are expressed in a tissue-specific manner. FABP1 is most abundantly expressed in the liver where it accounts for about 10% of the total cytosolic protein and is thought to have diagnostic utility. To comprehensively determine FABP1 expression in normal and neoplastic tissues, a tissue microarray containing 17,071 samples from 150 different tumor types and subtypes as well as 608 samples of 76 different normal tissue types was analyzed by immunohistochemistry. Among normal tissues, a strong FABP1 immunostaining was observed in hepatocytes, proximal tubuli of the kidney and epithelium of small intestine, appendix, and the colorectum. FABP1 positivity was found in 24 of 150 tumor categories, including 17 tumor categories with at least 1 strongly positive case. The highest FABP1 positivity rates were seen in colorectal adenomas (86%), in colorectal adenocarcinomas (71.1%), and in hepatocellular carcinomas (65.3%), followed by mucinous carcinoma of the ovary (34.6%), cholangiocarcinoma (21.6%), and various adenocarcinomas from the digestive tract (10–23%). Eleven additional entities had positivity rates between 0.2 and 6.5%. FABP1 staining was not seen in 169 primary adenocarcinomas of the lung. In colorectal cancer, reduced FABP1 expression was linked to poor-grade, right-sided tumor location, microsatellite instability (p < 0.0001 each), and absence of BRAF V600E mutations (p = 0.001), but unrelated to pT and pN status. FABP1 expression has considerably high tumor specificity. As FABP1 expression was virtually absent in adenocarcinomas of the lung, FABP1 immunohistochemistry might be particularly helpful to assist in the identification of metastatic colorectal or gastrointestinal adenocarcinoma to the lung.
General Lower Bounds and Improved Algorithms for Infinite–Domain CSPs
Authors: Jonsson Peter , Lagerkvist Victor
Published: August 2022

We study the fine-grained complexity of NP-complete, infinite-domain constraint satisfaction problems (CSPs) parameterised by a set of first-order definable relations (with equality). Such CSPs are of central importance since they form a subclass of any infinite-domain CSP parameterised by a set of first-order definable relations over a relational structure (possibly containing more than just equality). We prove that under the randomised exponential-time hypothesis it is not possible to find $$c > 1$$

c
>
1

such that a CSP over an arbitrary finite equality language is solvable in $$O(c^n)$$

O
(

c
n

)

time (n is the number of variables). Stronger lower bounds are possible for infinite equality languages where we rule out the existence of $$2^{o(n \log n)}$$

2

o
(
n
log
n
)

time algorithms; a lower bound which also extends to satisfiability modulo theories solving for an arbitrary background theory. Despite these lower bounds we prove that for each $$c > 1$$

c
>
1

there exists an NP-hard equality CSP solvable in $$O(c^n)$$

O
(

c
n

)

time. Lower bounds like these immediately ask for closely matching upper bounds, and we prove that a CSP over a finite equality language is always solvable in $$O(c^n)$$

O
(

c
n

)

time for a fixed c, and manage to extend this algorithm to the much broader class of CSPs where constraints are formed by first-order formulas over a unary structure.
Dosages of Swallowing Exercises Prescribed in Stroke Rehabilitation: A Medical Record Audit
Authors: Choy Jacinda , Pourkazemi Fereshteh , Anderson Caitlin , Bogaardt Hans
Published: August 2022

This study investigated how swallowing exercise dosage is recorded, and what swallowing exercise dosages are reported in a stroke rehabilitation setting. We additionally explored the relation between mean daily swallowing repetitions and likelihood of improvement in functional swallowing status and considered how swallowing exercise dosages in practice compared to evidence-based principles of neural plasticity and strength training. We audited medical records for 42 patients with post-stroke dysphagia admitted to an inpatient rehabilitation unit over 18 months. Data were collected on participant characteristics, swallowing exercises and dosages, and clinical outcomes. The relation between dosage and outcomes was investigated using logistic regression analysis. On average, patients were seen for a median of 2.4 swallowing intervention sessions per week (IQR: 1.7) over 21 days (IQR: 16) and received a median 44.5 swallowing exercise repetitions per session (IQR: 39.6). Results indicated variable reporting of swallowing exercise dosages. Frequency, intervention duration, exercise type, and number of repetitions were routinely recorded in medical records, while intensity, session length, content, and adherence to home exercise programs were not. Frequency of swallowing intervention was lower in practice compared to research studies, and swallowing exercises did not follow specificity or progressive resistance principles. Likelihood of improvement in swallowing status was partially explained by age (B = -.015, p = .007) but not by mean daily swallowing exercise repetitions. This study illustrates dosages of swallowing exercises used in clinical practice. Results highlight the need for improved consideration and reporting of dosage, and application of evidence-based principles to swallowing exercise dosages.
Pleomorphic Xanthoastrocytoma: a single institution retrospective analysis and a review of the literature
Authors: Detti Beatrice , Scoccianti Silvia , Maragna Virginia , Lucidi Sara , Ganovelli Michele , Teriaca Maria Ausilia , Caini Saverio , Desideri Isacco , Agresti Benedetta , Greto Daniela , Buccoliero Anna Maria , Puppa Alessandro Della , Sardi Iacopo , Livi Lorenzo
Published: August 2022

Background

 Pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma (PXA) is a rare low-grade brain tumor. To date, limited studies have analyzed factors affecting survival outcomes and defined the therapeutic strategy. The aim of this retrospective analysis was to investigate the clinicopathologic characteristics of PXA and identify factors associated with outcomes.

Methods

 We retrospectively analyzed a cohort of 16 adult and children patients with PXA who underwent primary resection from 1997 to 2019, referred to our Radiation Oncology Unit and to Meyer’s Paediatric Hospital. We also reviewed the relevant literature.

Results

 All patients underwent primary surgical resection; 10 patients received adjuvant radiation treatment course, ranging from DTF 54 to 64 Gy; 8 of them received, in addition, concurrent adjuvant chemotherapy; 6 patients underwent only radiological follow-up. After a median follow up was 60 months: median OS was 34.9 months (95% CI 30–218), 1-year OS 87%, 5-years OS 50%, 10-years OS 50%; median PFS 24.4 months (95% CI 13–156), 1-year PFS 80%, 5-years PFS 33%, 10-years PFS 33%. A chi-square test showed a significant association between OS and recurrent disease (p = 0.002) and with chemotherapy adjuvant treatment (p = 0.049). A borderline statistical significant association was instead recognized with BRAF mutation (p = 0.058).

Conclusions

Despite our analysis did not reveal a strong prognostic or predictive factor able to address pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma management; however, in selected patients could be considered the addition of adjuvant radiation chemotherapy treatment after adequate neurosurgical primary resection. Furthermore, recurrent disease evidenced a detrimental impact on survival.
Spatio-temporal Prediction of the Malaria Transmission Risk in Minab District (Hormozgan Province, Southern Iran)
Authors: Salahi-Moghaddam Abdolreza , Turki Habibollah , Yeryan Masoud , Fuentes Màrius V.
Published: August 2022

Introduction

Malaria is the most important parasitic disease in tropical and subtropical regions, with more than 240 million cases reported annually. In Iran, indigenous cases occur in its south-eastern region. The aim of this study is to assess the environmental risk of malaria transmission in an endemic area of southern Iran.

Methods

The study was carried out in Minab district (Hormozgan province, southern Iran), with the aim to assess the environmental risk of malaria, based on a spatio-temporal study, using Growing Degree Days (GDD)-based predictions, larval habitat ecology, MaxEnt spatial predictions and malaria transmission data.

Results

The Gradient Model Risk index showed the highest malaria transmission risk period to be during January–April and October–December. The ecological conditions of water bodies of larval habitats of the four vector species (Anopheles culicifacies,A. dthali,A. fluviatilisandA. stephensi) were assessed, withA. stephensibeing the most prevalent and the most widely distributed species.

Conclusion

These findings, together with the MaxEntAnophelespredictive distribution models, allowed identifying villages in danger of malaria transmission in Minab district. This spatio-temporal prediction of malaria transmission risk should be incorporated in the design of malaria control initiatives towards a local malaria early warning system. Moreover, the proposed transmission risk model can be extrapolated, at local scale, to other malaria endemic areas of tropical and subtropical regions.
Investigation of the Effectiveness of a Vertical Centrifugation System Coupled with an Inert Gas Dosing Device to Produce Extra Virgin Olive Oil
Authors: Angeloni Giulia , Spadi Agnese , Corti Ferdinando , Guerrini Lorenzo , Calamai Luca , Parenti Alessandro , Masella Piernicola
Published: August 2022

Recent decades have seen the development of many effective and innovative technologies for extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) extraction. Various solutions have been proposed to remove dissolved oxygen from the oil. Given these issues, we have designed and developed a system that can be added to the centrifuges that are already used in the olive oil industry. The system reduces the oxidative impact through the release of a technical gas inside the separator, and consequently delays the onset of defects related to oxidation. The experiment tested different N2 flow rates, directly into the vertical centrifuge, and four levels of N2 were tested–a control level (no N2 injection); low (20 L/min), medium (40 L/min), and maximum (80 L/min)–in order to evaluate the effectiveness of this new technique on EVOO quality. This experiment demonstrates that the objectives have been achieved. The EVOO produced using our system had lower dissolved oxygen content with N2 injection, along with an enriched volatile fraction, and higher biophenol concentrations. The chemical analyses were confirmed by a sensory analysis, with an increase in fruity intensity and bitter taste.
What Do You Mean, ‘How Do I Feel about Ageing?’: Exploring Ageing Concepts on the Island of Gozo
Authors: LeMonde Julia
Published: August 2022

Malta is experiencing a strong trend toward population ageing. In 2014, the government implemented an active ageing policy designed to address the perceived economic and social ramifications of an ageing population. In a commitment to break away from perceptions of ageing that equate with infirmity and decline, the policy underscores independence, productivity, and activity as meaningful goals in later life. Ethnographic data gathered from conversations with both Gozitan-born and English expatriate retirees (UK expats), investigated their perceptions of ageing. Tensions were revealed between the active ageing paradigm and core values and notions of personhood favoured by older adults. Respondents resisted identification with an ageing cohort, whilst valuing a safe and relaxed lifestyle and intergenerational social and familial relationships. These early findings destabilise the neoliberal and universalistic claims of the active ageing-paradigm, raising questions for further research.
Estimation of crop losses in Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp. and Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek caused by blister beetle, Mylabris pustulata Thunberg (Coleoptera: Meloidae)
Authors: Singh Gurjeet , Singh Ravinder , Singla Akanksha
Published: August 2022

Losses caused byMylabris pustulataThunberg in pigeonpea and mungbean at various beetle densities were assessed under net house/caged and field conditions. The observations revealed that the blister beetle caused considerable crop losses to both the pigeonpea and mungbean crops as under net house conditions,M. pustulataThunberg at 200 beetles/cage caused the maximum reduction of 54.18, 20.15 and 64.88 per cent in pod setting, seed setting and grain yield in pigeonpea, respectively. Similarly, in mungbean,M. pustulataThunberg at 4 beetles/cage caused maximum reduction up to 67.14, 26.65 and 75.29 per cent in pod setting, seed setting and grain yield, respectively. However, under unprotected conditions, 46.77 and 35.90 per cent of yield losses were recorded in pigeonpea and mungbean, respectively as compared to 0% under protected conditions. Thus, justifying thatM. pustulataThunberg is a major threat to both pulse crops and needs to be managed efficiently to avoid the significant crop losses caused by it.