bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Choice of prevailing delivery methods in e-grocery: a stated preference ranking experiment
Authors: Milioti Christina , Pramatari Katerina , Zampou Eleni
Published: November 2020

Purpose

The main purpose of this research is to investigate acceptability of different delivery methods in e-grocery (home delivery, pick-up from store, pick-up from locker) and the respective willingness of customers to pay for them using a stated preference ranking experiment.

Design/methodology/approach

Data collected involved two countries (Greece and UK) with different level of e-grocery development and two different distribution conditions (weekly and urgent order). Rank-ordered logit model is used to analyse the ranking experiment and calculate the willingness-to-pay (WTP) measures. Delivery mode, cost and time window are used as independent variables.

Findings

Results indicated that home delivery and picking-up from locker appear to be clearly preferable than picking-up from store. However, home delivery seems to hold a stronger competitive position over the other delivery methods, especially in the weekly order and in the UK market. The pick-up from locker option appears to be a competitive delivery mode for consumers who are cost sensitive and shop under urgent conditions. Willingness to use and pay for picking-up from locker increases significantly in the context of same-day delivery.

Practical implications

The information provided in this study will help retailers to design and implement distribution schemes that can meet consumers' preferences for e-grocery. WTP differences among the consumer groups and the distribution conditions examined can have a considerable impact on the evaluation of marketing and pricing strategies applied by e-retailers.

Originality/value

Consumer preference and the respective WTP for different delivery methods in e-grocery, especially for the pick-up from locker option, have not been systematically investigated.
When is the right time for succession? Multiple cases of family businesses in Indonesia
Authors: Tirdasari Nyayu Lathifah , Dhewanto Wawan
Published: November 2020

Purpose

Succession timing plays a key role in the part of the succession process. While much notice has been given solely to the viewpoint of predecessor and successor, less known about the schedule during this most critical family business dealings. The purpose of this research is to assess the right time for predecessors to let go of their leadership and allow the successor to take charge of the family business. Notably, it considers how the process of interaction between predecessor and successor may encourage successor capability, succeed the family business and following implications for the succession process as well.

Design/methodology/approach

An exploratory comparative case study design employed in order to disclose the time by time activities around the succession process. This study presented circa 11 case studies from family businesses of the food industry. Data gathered utilizing semi-structured interviews and formal secondary data from the organizations, all of whom operate in Java, Indonesia.

Findings

Findings reveal five critical outcomes. First, the results show that most of the respondents had no written succession plan and did not keep up the developmental stages, but the succession process was successful. Second, the study found a reduced age of successor even though the stages increase. Third, the respondents did not know when was the predecessor is getting busy managing the business, and some successors did not attend college as well. Fourth, the succession process of RC is the fastest and TY is the longest. Last, the succession process of the second-generation family business is faster than the third-generation.

Originality/value

This paper presents further evidence of the succession process of family businesses. It moves beyond a timing explanation of succession to develop a more sequentially aware understanding of the agility within the succession process. It contributes to the limited references of the family business in the food industry in Indonesia as well.
Learning culture, trust culture and knowledge application: the mediating effect of transformational leadership
Authors: Mahmud Amir
Published: November 2020

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the influence of learning culture, culture of trust and transformational leadership in the application of knowledge in a school context. Mediation analysis is used to quantify the effects that the learning culture and trust culture have on the application of leadership, mediated by transformational leadership.

Design/methodology/approach

The method involves two samples of subjects – school managers and teaching staff – of 17 educational organizations. This study used the method of partial least square or PLS with SmartPLS v. 3.2.6.

Findings

The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of leadership in the application of knowledge as one phase of knowledge management. The results of this study explain that: there is a significant and direct role of learning culture in the application of knowledge, there is a significant direct role of culture of trust in the application of knowledge and there is a significant mediating effect of leadership among learning cultures and application of knowledge.

Practical implications

This study has proven that leadership behaves as a mediating instrument. This situation is critical in organizations because it makes it possible to obtain synergies in human capital and the development of knowledge. Bernard Bass believes that there are four main factors of transformational leadership, namely, idealized influence, inspirational motivation, individualized considerations and intellectual stimulation.

Originality/value

This study deepens the authors’ understanding of enablers that affect the application of knowledge in schools, specifically about leadership.
Factors of influence on sharing of cultural heritage knowledge
Authors: Ronra Shimray Somipam , Kodand Ramaiah Chennupati
Published: November 2020

Purpose

Knowledge sharing is influenced by various factors in different cultures. It is imperative to understand those factors that influence knowledge sharing, therefore, this paper aims to examine the factors that influence cultural heritage knowledge (CHK) sharing.

Design/methodology/approach

Data was collected from 400 Tangkhul youth from Manipur state through a survey-based questionnaire. Data screening, factor analysis and reliability tests were carried out to confirm the validity and reliability of the instruments, t-test and ANOVA test were carried out to check the stated hypotheses.

Findings

From factor analysis, six factors i.e. rewards, intention to share, expect a relationship, enjoy helping, self-efficacy and reciprocity, were identified which are influencing knowledge sharing. The study indicates that “rewards” and “intention to share” are the two most vital factors influencing the individuals to share their CHK. The results show that “rewards” have a significant difference on gender and place of residence [(t = 3.153, p = 0.002) and (t = 2.500, p = 0.013)] also “enjoy helping” has a significant difference on the subject background (F = 3.185, p = 0.024) and “reciprocity” and “intention to share” has a significant difference on family income [(F = 3.270, p = 0.007) and (F = 2.716, p = 0.020)].

Originality/value

This study determines to identify the various factors that are influencing on sharing of CHK among the Tangkhul youth. It is found that reward was the prime factor in sharing CHK among the Tangkhul youth.
Evaluation of knowledge management practices – a leather industry context
Authors: P. Srinivasan
Published: November 2020

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the impact of knowledge management (KM) in terms of organizational performance using structural equation modeling. To enhance organizational performance, KM is used as a powerful strategic tool. The factors such as management commitment, leadership and organizational culture are the KM enabler’s conditions, and the step processes of KM are knowledge capture, creation, organizing/storing and transfer, and through this, KM is analyzed on organizational performance in the context of leathers manufacturing company. This study constructs with questionnaire consist of 34 variables.

Design/methodology/approach

There are about 101 samples that were collected through the questionnaire survey method in the leather companies in Ranipet. The data were collected from executives and associates in the leather companies. Data were analyzed using the SPSS tool and SMART PLS tool used for framing a research model and the hypothesized relationships were tested through partial least squares structural equation modeling technique.

Findings

The finding of this study is mandatory to implement a structured KM practice in the leather companies. Application of KM is quite an impact on organizational performance, which leads to profitability and productivity.

Originality/value

This is the first paper to empirically investigate the KM enablers, process and support for the role of KM practices at leather industry. Further, the positioning of KM practices as a strategic competitive tool can be considered as an influential factor to organizational performance.
Reproductive biology and pollinators of the invasive shrub Autumn olive (Elaeagnus umbellata Thunberg)
Authors: Soley Nathan M. , Sipes Sedonia D.
Published: November 2020

This study examined the reproductive biology of the invasive nitrogen‐fixing shrub Elaeagnus umbellata. Hand‐pollination experiments and pollinator‐exclusion experiments were performed in four Illinois, U.S.A. populations to determine the breeding system of E. umbellata, and floral visitors were collected to determine pollinators in the invasive range. Although self‐compatibility is a trait shown to confer invasiveness, our experiments revealed that E. umbellata is a mostly outcrossing species with a self‐incompatible breeding system. Variation does exist in that a small percentage of individuals allow self‐fertilization through autogamy. There is also variability among plants in the separation of male and female floral parts that may further affect selfing potential. The majority of floral visitors to E. umbellata were generalist pollinators, including bees, flies, and moths. Many of the larger insect visitors are pollinators of E. umbellata based on analysis of pollen on insect specimens, but smaller insects do not pollinate as frequently. Its ability to attract generalist pollinators means that E. umbellata will produce fruit wherever pollinators and mates occur; however, the low fruit set on open‐pollinated branches contrasts with the idea of a prolifically fruiting plant. E. umbellata seems to serve as a reliable food source for many ecologically and economically significant insects, including native bumble bees (Bombus), the exotic honey bee (Apis mellifera), and armyworm (Mythimna unipuncta), a crop pest.
Problem‐ and solution‐focused characteristics of parenting support, 3 years after implementation of the solution‐focused approach: A qualitative content analysis
Authors: Theuns‐Boumans Liesbeth , Mathijssen Jolanda , Rots‐de Vries Carin , van de Goor Ien
Published: November 2020

In recent years, solution‐focused parenting support has been developed and implemented as a promising brief and strength‐based approach. Given the fundamental differences between solution‐focused and the historically more common problem‐focused parenting support and the complexity of transforming professional practice, an actual shift towards solution‐focused parenting support can be expected to be limited up to now. However, because research into the specific communication characteristics of professional parenting support is currently lacking, no conclusion can be drawn at present. Therefore, this study aims to explore the current problem‐ and solution‐focused characteristics of parenting support in the Dutch youth healthcare (YH). In total, 15 support sessions performed by 10 public health nurses were audio recorded and transcribed verbatim. A detailed qualitative content analysis of professional communication was conducted to identify problem‐ and solution‐focused factual, expressive, relational and appealing aspects of parenting support. Problem‐focused characteristics dominated all sessions of parenting support. This study is the first to thoroughly analyse the problem‐focused and solution‐focused communication characteristics of professional parenting support using a qualitative content analysis. Parenting support practice in the Dutch YH did not shift substantially to a solution‐focused approach. More effort is required to stimulate and facilitate this professional transformation.
Mutations in 3β‐hydroxysteroid‐δ8, δ7‐isomerase paradoxically benefit epidermal permeability barrier homeostasis in mice
Authors: Dang Erle , Man George , Lee Dale , Crumrine Debbie A. , Mauro Theodora M. , Elias Peter M. , Man Mao‐Qiang
Published: November 2020

Inherited or acquired blockade of distal steps in the cholesterol synthetic pathway results in ichthyosis, due to reduced cholesterol production and/or the accumulation of toxic metabolic precursors, while inhibition of epidermal cholesterol synthesis compromises epidermal permeability barrier homeostasis. We showed here that 3β‐hydroxysteroid‐δ8, δ7‐isomerase‐deficient mice (TD), an analog for CHILD syndrome in humans, exhibited not only lower basal transepidermal water loss rates, but also accelerated permeability barrier recovery despite the lower expression levels of mRNA for epidermal differentiation marker‐related proteins and lipid synthetic enzymes. Moreover, TD mice displayed low skin surface pH, paralleled by increased expression levels of mRNA for sodium/hydrogen exchanger 1 (NHE1) and increased antimicrobial peptide expression, compared with wild‐type (WT) mice, which may compensate for the decreased differentiation and lipid synthesis. Additionally, in comparison with WT controls, TD mice showed a significant reduction in ear thickness following challenges with either phorbol ester or oxazolone. However, TD mice exhibited growth retardation. Together, these results demonstrate that 3β‐hydroxysteroid‐δ8, δ7‐isomerase deficiency does not compromise epidermal permeability barrier in mice, suggesting that alterations in epidermal function depend on which step of the cholesterol synthetic pathway is interrupted. But whether these findings in mice could be mirrored in humans remains to be determined.
Does the science criterion rest on thin ice?
Authors: Roberts Peder
Published: November 2020

This paper explores whether a central plank of the Antarctic Treaty System (ATS) – the science criterion – is threatened by anthropogenic climate change. It begins by situating the origins of the ATS within the context of the International Geophysical Year (IGY), and the privileged position that science obtained within first the IGY and later the ATS. This extends to science functioning as the dominant currency through which states may ascend to the level of consultative parties (CPs), the highest level of authority within the ATS. Within this model Antarctica functions as a laboratory, a metaphor with a long history in Antarctica, reinforced by the Madrid Protocol and its strong focus on maintaining environmental boundaries and by a perception that Antarctica otherwise plays a minimal role in global affairs. Much of the research in Antarctica focuses on climate change and indeed has been important in establishing its scope and magnitude. But climate change also threatens both Antarctica itself and – by extension – the many low‐lying areas of the world that would be affected by rising sea levels caused by melting Antarctic ice. Given Antarctica may no longer be so removed from the rest of the world, is this sufficient reason to revisit the centrality of science to legitimate participation in Antarctic governance? The paper considers alternatives to the current system, including assigning authority within the ATS to states affected by climate change. It concludes that while the science criterion remains viable, it rests on a moral as well as practical foundation that could be undermined if the right to authority over Antarctica remains disconnected from the actions that cause changes to the continent.
Early weight gain trajectories and body composition in infancy in infants born very preterm
Authors: Beunders Victoria A.A. , Roelants Jorine A. , Hulst Jessie M. , Rizopoulos Dimitris , Hokken‐Koelega Anita C.S. , Neelis Esther G. , de Fluiter Kirsten S. , Jaddoe Vincent W.V. , Reiss Irwin K.M. , Joosten Koen F.M. , Vermeulen Marijn J.
Published: November 2020

Background

Concerns are raised about the influence of rapid growth on excessive fat mass (FM) gain in early life and later cardiometabolic health of infants born preterm.

Objectives

To study the association between postnatal weight gain trajectories and body composition in infancy in infants born very preterm.

Methods

In infants born <30 weeks gestation, we evaluated associations between weight Z‐score trajectories for three consecutive timeframes (NICU stay, level‐II hospital stay and at home) and body composition, measured at 2 and 6 months corrected age by air‐displacement plethysmography.

Results

Of 120 infants included, median gestational age at birth was 27+5 (interquartile range 26+1;28+5) and birth weight 1015 g (801;1250). The majority of infants did not make up for their initial loss of weight Z‐score, but growth and later body composition were within term reference values. Weight gain during NICU stay was not associated with fat mass (absolute, %FM or FM index) in infancy. Weight gain during NICU and level II hospital stay was weakly associated with higher absolute lean mass (LM), but not after adjustment for length (LM index). Weight gain in the level‐II hospital was positively associated with fat mass parameters at 2 months but not at 6 months. Strongest associations were found between weight gain at home and body composition (at both time points), especially fat mass.

Conclusions

Weight gain in different timeframes after preterm birth is associated with distinct parameters of body composition in infancy, with weight gain at home being most strongly related to fat mass.
Generative mechanisms of workarounds, discontinuance and reframing: a study of negative disconfirmation with consumerised IT
Authors: Zamani Efpraxia D. , Pouloudi Nancy
Published: November 2020

This study investigates the observed behavioural outcomes when users experience negative disconfirmation with consumerised IT artefacts with the aim to identify the generative mechanisms of these outcomes. We analyse blogposts, authored and published by tablet users, where they narrate their experience with an IT artefact. We employ grounded theory method techniques, and through the lens of Critical Realism and the application of abduction and retroduction, we identify three user accommodating practices following negative disconfirmation, namely discontinuance behaviour, workarounds and reframing, and two generative mechanisms with enduring properties and causal power over them: solution identification and cost/benefits assessment. Our work contributes to the literature of volitional IT use and the consumerisation of IT, by uncovering the mechanisms that pave the way towards observed user behaviours.
Treatment of localized aggressive periodontitis alters local host immunoinflammatory profiles: A long‐term evaluation
Authors: Branco‐de‐Almeida Luciana S. , Cruz‐Almeida Yenisel , Gonzalez‐Marrero Yandy , Kudsi Rachad , de Oliveira Izabel C. V. , Dolia Bogdan , Huang Hong , Aukhil Ikramuddin , Harrison Peter , Shaddox Luciana M.
Published: November 2020

Aim

To evaluate the local immunoinflammatory profiles in localized aggressive periodontitis patients (LAP) before and after periodontal treatment and maintenance.

Methods

Sixty‐six African‐Americans with LAP (7–21 years old) were included. After periodontal examination, all patients received periodontal treatment with mechanical debridement plus systemic amoxicillin/metronidazole for 7 days. Gingival crevicular fluid was collected from diseased and healthy sites at baseline and 3, 6, 12, and 24 months following treatment. Levels of 16 inflammatory/bone resorption markers were determined using Milliplex®. Univariate and correlation analyses were performed among all parameters/biomarkers. Discriminant analyses (DA) evaluated profile differences between LAP diseased and healthy sites at each time point as compared to the baseline.

Results

Reductions in the clinical parameters (except for visible plaque) were observed at all time points compared to the baseline. Levels of IL‐12p70, IL‐2, IL‐6, MIP‐1α, RANKL, and OPG were reduced after treatment, and several cytokines/chemokines were correlated with clinical parameters reductions. DA showed that differences in the immunoinflammatory profiles between LAP diseased and healthy sites decreased after periodontal treatment compared to the baseline.

Conclusions

Periodontal treatment modified the local immunoinflammatory profile of LAP sites in the long term, as suggested by changes in biomarkers from baseline, along with clinical stability of the disease. (Clinicaltrials.gov number, NCT01330719).
Effects of Work Environments and Occupational Fatigue on Care Left Undone in Rotating Shift Nurses
Authors: Min Ari , Kim Young Man , Yoon Yea Seul , Hong Hye Chong , Kang Minkyung , Scott Linda D.
Published: November 2020

Purpose

This study aimed to examine the effects of work environments and occupational fatigue on care left undone in rotating shift nurses, and to identify the indirect (mediation) effect of work environments on care left undone through nurses’ occupational fatigue in South Korean acute care hospitals.

Design

This study employed a cross‐sectional design using an online survey to collect data from 488 rotating shift nurses of acute care hospitals in Korea between November and December 2018.

Methods

A mobile schedule management application for shift nurses was used to advertise the study and to send a link to the online survey. The survey included questions on the nurses’ work environment characteristics, care left undone activities, and the Korean version of the Occupational Fatigue Exhaustion/Recovery scale. Poisson regression was used to explore the relationships among work environments, occupational fatigue, and care left undone. Hayes’ Model 4 and a bootstrapping analysis were used to identify the mediating effect of occupational fatigue on the relationship between work environments and care left undone.

Findings

The average number of tasks left undone was 3.45 (SD = 2.19). The higher the acute and chronic fatigue levels noted among nurses, the higher were the occurrences of care left undone. Conversely, the higher the intershift recovery level, the lower were the occurrences of care left undone. The results showed a positive relationship between care left undone and overtime hours and the number of patients per nurse. Moreover, nurses’ occupational fatigue mediated the relationship between work environments and care left undone. Night shifts per month and the number of consecutive days off had an indirect effect on care left undone through occupational fatigue.

Conclusions

High levels of occupational fatigue and poor intershift recovery among nurses can lead to care left undone. Nurses’ occupational fatigue mediates the effect of work environment on care left undone.

Clinical Relevance

It is crucial for healthcare administrators and leaders to develop policies and mandatory regulations to facilitate better working conditions for nurses, consequently reducing their occupational fatigue and decreasing the occurrence of care left undone in acute care hospitals.
Prevalence of stress urinary incontinence and intrinsic sphincter deficiency in patients with stage IV pelvic organ prolapse
Authors: Muñiz Keila S. , Pilkinton Marjorie , Winkler Harvey A. , Shalom Dara F.
Published: November 2020

Aim

To determine the prevalence of stress urinary incontinence (SUI) and intrinsic sphincter deficiency (ISD) in women with stage IV pelvic organ prolapse.

Methods

Retrospective analysis of women with stage IV prolapse who underwent multichannel urodynamic testing. Abdominal leak point pressures (ALPP) and maximum urethral closure pressures (MUCP) were recorded. ISD was defined as ALPP ≤60 cm of water and/or MUCP ≤20 cm of water. Percentages were used to present the proportion of subjects diagnosed with SUI and ISD.

Results

A total of 145 patients met inclusion criteria. Mean age was 69 years; most patients were Caucasian (56%). Eighty‐two (56%) patients were found to have SUI on urodynamic testing. Thirty‐six (44%) of these were asymptomatic and identified as having occult SUI. Sixteen (19.5%) patients were diagnosed with ISD using ALPP and/or MUCP. Six (37%) of the ISD patients had at least one MUCP value ≤20 cm of water and 12 (75%) had observed leakage with at least one ALPP value ≤60 cm of water. The number of patients with leakage at ALPP ≤60 cm of water increased with increasing bladder volumes. Five ISD patients (31%) had ALPP ≤60 cm of water at 200 mL, six (37.5%) had ALPP ≤60 cm of water at 300 mL and seven (43.8%) had ALPP ≤60 cm of water at 400 mL.

Conclusion

Greater than 50% of patients with stage IV pelvic organ prolapse had SUI on urodynamic testing, and 20% were found to have ISD. Of the patients diagnosed with SUI, 40% were asymptomatic. These findings may assist in counseling and preoperative planning for women with stage IV prolapse.
Investigation of monensin Type A medicated article dissolution profiles in biorelevant media
Authors: Krabel Beverly J. , Foust Laura B. , Fuller Gary B. , Foss Andrew J. , Garner Luke H. , Hunter Robert P.
Published: November 2020

In the United States, a generic Type A medicated article (premix) product can gain government approval by demonstrating in vivo bioequivalence (BE) to the pioneer product in a blood level, pharmacodynamic, or clinical BE study. A biowaiver can be granted based on several criteria including solubility or a dose adjusted method. Monensin is practically insoluble in H2O per the USP definition. A comparison was conducted of monensin dissolution profiles from the pioneer product and four generic products using biorelevant media. Dissolution profiles were obtained in both Bovine Simulated Rumen Fluids – High Forage and High Grain diets. Data from twelve vessels (6 vessels per dissolution run × 2) were collected across 8 hrs for each lot and media. Data are reported as % dissolved, based upon the corresponding lot potency (mg/g). With demonstrated acceptable intra‐lot variability, data were analyzed using f1 (difference factor) and f2 (similarity factor) procedures. The generic monensin products did not demonstrate similar in vitro dissolution profiles to the pioneer product in these USP biorelevant media. Differences in physical parameters (particle size, flow characteristics, and physical composition) were observed between the pioneer and generic products, but these differences had no apparent impact on biorelevant dissolution.
Characterization of a method to study urodynamics and bladder nociception in male and female mice
Authors: Srivastava Paulome , Lai Henry H. , Mickle Aaron D.
Published: November 2020

Objectives

Abdominal electromyogram or visceromotor response (VMR) elicited by bladder distension is a validated as a measure of bladder nociception in mice, however it is not without its limitations. The aim of this study is to address some of these limitations and validate voiding evoked VMR as a measure of bladder nociception mice.

Methods

Using both male and female C57BL/6 mice we assessed the VMR response to cytometry‐ induced voiding before and after instillation of 0.5% acetic acid into the bladder. We then delivered intravesical lidocaine to confirm the VMR response as nociceptive. VMR and correlative cystometric bladder pressures were analyzed.

Results

We found that the VMR can be evoked by continuous fluid infusion into the bladder of both male and female mice. This response is potentiated after bladder injury and can be attenuated by administration of a local anesthetic, providing strong evidence that this method can be used to evaluate bladder nociception. Further, evaluation of cystometric pressure traces obtained during VMR recording revealed that intercontraction intervals were not altered after bladder injury in either male or female mice. However, we did observe a decrease in peak threshold pressures after bladder injury in female mice, which could be rescued by lidocaine administration.

Conclusions

In conclusion, this technique can measure the VMR and bladder nociception associated with voiding in both female and male mice. Although confounds still exist with the use of anesthesia, further exploration of non‐anesthetized voiding‐evoked VMR is warranted.
Curriculum as a Discursive and Performative Space for Subjectivity and Learning: Understanding Immigrant Adolescents’ Language Use in Classroom Discourse
Authors: QIN KONGJI
Published: November 2020

This article examines the relationship between language curriculum and learners’ subjectivity through a poststructuralist perspective. I use performativity theory to highlight the constituting power of language and integrate it with critical race theory to understand the relationships among curriculum, classroom interaction, and subjectivity negotiation of 3 immigrant adolescents in one U.S. secondary multilingual classroom. Drawing on data from a critical ethnography, this classroom discourse study analyzes instructional materials, classroom interactions, and interviews to understand how the teacher‐designed curriculum for one routinized vocabulary activity—namely, the sentence‐starter language practice—constructed subjectivity for students and how the immigrant youths negotiated their racialized, gendered, and schooled subjectivities in relation to the curriculum content. This analysis shows that the sentence starters, designed as scaffolding tools, served an implicit goal of constituting students to become “good learners.” The focal students often appropriated the sentence starters to challenge, subvert, or conform to the prevailing discourses constructed in the curriculum and classroom discourses. This analysis illustrates how curriculum can constitute a discursive and performative space in which students negotiate subjectivity and meaning in relation to power within and beyond classroom discourses. This article concludes with discussions of implications of this poststructuralist theorization of curriculum for research and practice.
Romantic heartbreak: Prevalence, personality traits, and personal stories
Authors: Dunlop William L. , Harake Nicole , Wilkinson Dulce
Published: November 2020

Across four studies (N = 4,381, Mage = 39.17 years, 56% female, 67% White, 12% Hispanic/Latinx, 11% Asian/Pacific Islander, and 9% Black/African American) the experience of heartbreak was considered within trait and narrative research paradigms. Participants indicated if they have ever experienced, and were currently experiencing, heartbreak. Personality traits, attachment styles, and narrative accounts of heartbreak were also assessed. Across all studies, 82% of participants indicated experiencing heartbreak and this event was largely unrelated to demographic and personality characteristics whereas 14% of participants reported being in a current state of heartbreak and these individuals were more likely to be single, neurotic, and insecurely attached. Lastly, storying heartbreak as leading to self‐improvement related positively with secure attachment.
Worn out relationship? The role of expectations in judgments of relational boredom
Authors: Harasymchuk Cheryl , Peetz Johanna , Fehr Beverley , Chowdhury Shamarukh
Published: November 2020

This study examined the role of growth and security expectations in shaping people's judgments of relational boredom and conflict (for discriminant validity). In Studies 1 and 2, the type of expectation gaps (growth vs. security) in hypothetical relationships (as well as the occurrence of a gap in Study 2) was manipulated, and people's judgments of relational boredom and conflict were assessed; Study 3 assessed these associations in people's own relationships. Across all studies, people were more likely to diagnose boredom in other people's relationships (Studies 1 and 2) and their own relationship (Study 3) if the expectation gap for growth (vs. security) was greater. People reported more conflict in their own relationship if the expectation gap for security (vs. growth) was greater.
Cardiac sympathetic activity during recovery as an indicator of sympathetic activity during task performance
Authors: Czarnek Gabriela , Richter Michael , Strojny Paweł
Published: November 2020

The goals of this research were to analyze cardiac sympathetic recovery patterns and evaluate whether sympathetic cardiac responses to a task challenge can be predicted using residual cardiac activity measured directly after the task (that is, during the recovery period). In two studies (total N = 181), we measured cardiac sympathetic activity, quantified as pre‐ejection period and RB interval, during both task performance and the 2‐min recovery period following the task. Additional analyses examined effects on the RZ interval. We found that sympathetic recovery from a task was rather quick: Cardiovascular recovery occurred within the first 30 s of the recovery period. Nevertheless, residual cardiac activity during the recovery period had predictive power for task‐related cardiac activity. This suggests that sympathetic cardiac activity during recovery may serve as a useful indicator of task‐related cardiac sympathetic activity. We discuss the implications of these findings for practical applications and the design of future studies.
Oral immunization induces a novel CXCR6+β7+ intraepithelial lymphocyte subset predominating in the small intestine
Authors: Li Jing B. , Li Jing J. , Li Mingyan , Gao Changxing , Zhang Lingzhi , Li Meihan , Zhu Qing
Published: November 2020

Intestinal T cells form a central part of the front‐line defence against foreign organisms and need to be situated in the mucosa where infection occurs. It is well accepted that immunization by a mucosal route favours localization of antigen‐specific effector T cells in the mucosal epithelium, while systemic immunization does not. The aim of the study is to determine how homing receptors are specifically involved in retaining effector T cells in the small intestine after oral immunization. We here demonstrate that the chemokine receptor CXCR6, integrins β7 and CD29 contribute differentially to the epithelial retention phenotype of CD8+ T cells in the small intestine of mice. CD8+ intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs) of unvaccinated mice are predominantly β7 single positives, and subcutaneous immunization‐induced antigen‐specific CD8+ effector IELs are mainly composed of CXCR6+, CD29+ and CXCR6+CD29+ cells. Strikingly, the majority of oral immunization‐induced antigen‐specific CD8+ effector IELs exhibit a distinct, tissue‐specific CXCR6+β7+ double‐positive phenotype, cytotoxic potential and enhanced intraepithelial localization. Transfer of antigen‐specific CD8+ T cells preactivated with certain immuno‐stimuli (such as monophosphoryl lipid A) results in increased accumulation of donor IELs with the CXCR6+β7+ phenotype. As β7 exclusively paired with αE on IELs, our results strongly suggest that CXCR6 may cooperate with the heterodimer αEβ7 to preferentially retain intestinally induced effector IELs in the epithelium. The identification of this novel IEL phenotype has significant implications for the development of vaccines and therapeutic strategies to enhance gut immunity.
Beyond Health and Happiness: An Exploratory Study Into the Relationship Between Craftsmanship and Meaningfulness of Sport
Authors: Ronkainen Noora J. , McDougall Michael , Tikkanen Olli , Feddersen Niels , Tahtinen Richard
Published: November 2020

Meaning in movement is an enduring topic in sport social sciences, but few studies have explored how sport is meaningful and for whom. The authors examined the relationships between demographic variables, meaningfulness of sport, and craftsmanship. Athletes (N = 258, 61.6% male, age ≥18) from the United Kingdom completed a demographic questionnaire, the Work and Meaning Inventory modified for sport, and the Craftsmanship Scale. Older age and individual sport significantly correlated with higher craftsmanship. Craftsmanship and religion were two independent predictors of meaningfulness, but emphasized somewhat different meaning dimensions. Meaningfulness in sport seems to be related to how athletes approach their craft, as well as their overall framework of life meaning.
Negotiating the New Urban Sporting Territory: Policing, Settler Colonialism, and Edmonton’s Ice District
Authors: Scherer Jay , Davidson Judy , Kafara Rylan , Koch Jordan
Published: November 2020

The new urban sporting territory in Edmonton’s city center was constructed within the framework of continued settler colonialism. The main catalyst for this development was sport-related gentrification: a new, publicly financed ice hockey arena for the National Hockey League’s Edmonton Oilers, and a surrounding sport and entertainment district. This two-year ethnography explores this territory, in particular the changing interactions between preexisting, less affluent city-center residents and police, private security, crisis workers, and hockey fans. It reveals how residents navigate the physical and spatial changes to a downtown that are not only structured by revanchism, but by what Rai Reece calls “carceral redlining,” or the continuation of White supremacy through regulation, surveillance, displacement, and dispossession.
Aligning diagnostics to the point-of-care: lessons for innovators, evaluators and decision-makers from tuberculosis and HIV
Authors: Engel Nora , Wolffs Petra F G
Published: November 2020

Diagnostics, including those that work at point-of-care, are an essential part of successful public health responses to infectious diseases and pandemics. Yet, they are not always used or fit intended use settings. This paper reports on key insights from a qualitative study on how those engaged with developing and implementing new point-of-care (POC) diagnostics for tuberculosis (TB) and HIV ensure these technologies work at POC. Ethnographic fieldwork between 2015 and 2017 consisting of 53 semistructured interviews with global stakeholders and visits to workshops, companies, and conferences was combined with 15 semistructured interviews with stakeholders in India including providers, decision-makers, scientists and developers and visits to companies, clinics and laboratories. Our results show how developers and implementer of HIV and TB POC diagnostics aim to know and align their diagnostics to elements in more settings than just intended use, but also the setting of the developer, the global intermediaries, the bug/disease and the competitor. Actors and elements across these five settings define what a good diagnostic is, yet their needs might conflict or change and they are difficult to access. Aligning diagnostics to the POC requires continuous needs assessment throughout development and implementation phases as well as substantive, ongoing investment in relationships with users. The flexibility required for such continuous realigning and iteration clashes with established evaluation procedures and business models in global health and risks favouring certain products over others. The paper concludes with suggestions to strengthen this alignment work and applies this framework to research needs in the wake of COVID-19.
Effect of thrombectomy on oedema progression and clinical outcome in patients with a poor collateral profile
Authors: Broocks Gabriel , Kemmling Andre , Faizy Tobias , McDonough Rosalie , Van Horn Noel , Bechstein Matthias , Meyer Lukas , Schön Gerhard , Nawabi Jawed , Fiehler Jens , Kniep Helge , Hanning Uta
Published: November 2020

Background and purpose

The impact of the cerebral collateral circulation on lesion progression and clinical outcome in ischaemic stroke is well established. Moreover, collateral status modifies the effect of endovascular treatment and was therefore used to select patients for therapy in prior trials. The purpose of this study was to quantify the effect of vessel recanalisation on lesion pathophysiology and clinical outcome in patients with a poor collateral profile.

Materials and methods

129 patients who had an ischaemic stroke with large vessel occlusion in the anterior circulation and a collateral score (CS) of 0–2 were included. Collateral profile was defined using an established 5-point scoring system in CT angiography. Lesion progression was determined using quantitative lesion water uptake measurements on admission and follow-up CT (FCT), and clinical outcome was assessed using modified Rankin Scale (mRS) scores after 90 days.

Results

Oedema formation in FCT was significantly lower in patients with vessel recanalisation compared with patients with persistent vessel occlusion (mean 19.5%, 95% CI: 17% to 22% vs mean 27%, 95% CI: 25% to 29%; p<0.0001). In a multivariable linear regression analysis, vessel recanalisation was significantly associated with oedema formation in FCT (ß=−7.31, SD=0.015, p<0.0001), adjusted for CS, age and Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score (ASPECTS). Functional outcome was significantly better in patients following successful recanalisation (mRS at day 90: 4.5, IQR: 2–6 vs 5, IQR: 5–6, p<0.001).

Conclusion

Although poor collaterals are known to be associated with poor outcome, endovascular recanalisation was still associated with significant oedema reduction and comparably better outcome in this patient group. Patients with poor collaterals should not generally be excluded from thrombectomy.
Behavioral responses of sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) and white sucker (Catostomus commersonii) to turbulent flow during fishway passage attempts
Authors: Lewandoski Sean A. , Hrodey Peter , Miehls Scott , Piszczek Paul P. , Zielinski Daniel P.
Published: November 2020

An understanding of how undesirable and desirable fish species respond behaviorally to turbulent flow in fishways would guide development of selective fish passage techniques. We applied high-resolution computational fluid dynamics modeling and competing risks analysis towards the development of predictive selective passage models. Sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus; an invasive fish in the Great Lakes Basin, North America) upstream passage probability declined from 0.73 to 0.03 as flow conditions became increasingly turbulent, while declines in white sucker (Catostomus commersonii, a native fish in the region) upstream passage probability were less substantial (0.53 to 0.44). Deploying a sea lamprey trap in the fishway did not effectively reduce sea lamprey upstream passage probability, though capture rate increased during trials with cooler water temperature and low total kinetic energy. Bifurcated fishways that maintain low turbulent flow in the entrapment route and high turbulent flow in the upstream passage route could increase the effectiveness of trapping sea lamprey in fishways as a means to advance selective passage goals.
The life of a data byte
Authors: Frazelle Jessie
Published: November 2020

Be kind and rewind.
Navigating in real-time environments
Authors: Denning Peter J.
Published: November 2020

An interview with Jim Selman.
Silicon politics
Authors: O'Mara Margaret
Published: November 2020

Tracing the widening path between Silicon Valley and Washington, D.C.
Quantitative Analysis of Retinal Microvascular Perfusion and Novel Biomarkers of the Treatment Response in Diabetic Macular Edema
Authors: Park Young Gun , Park Young-Hoon
Published: November 2020

Purpose. We aimed to assess the changes of retinal microvascular parameters using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) between diabetes macular edema (DME) and controls. We assessed the changes between the baseline microvascular parameters and final treatment response in patients with DME, initially treated with intravitreal dexamethasone (DEX) implant followed by antivascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) injections on an as-needed basis. Methods. This retrospective study included 90 DME patients and 24 healthy control subjects. All subjects had their best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and central macular thickness (CMT) measured at baseline and after 12 months. Vessel density (VD) in the superficial capillary plexus (SCP) and deep capillary plexus (DCP) and the deep/superficial flow ratio at baseline were analyzed. A subgroup analysis was used to compare the treatment response. A poor-response group was defined by five or more retreatments at 12 months. Results. BCVA and CMT showed a significant improvement at 12 months (all

p
<
0.001

). The VD in the whole and parafoveal areas of the DCP was significantly reduced in DME patients compared to that in controls (all

p
<
0.05

). The DCP/SCP flow ratio was also significantly reduced in the DME group (

1.08
±
0.03

vs.

1.05
±
0.02

,

p
=
0.001

). In the subgroup analysis, the VD in the foveal and whole DCP areas was significantly lower in the poor-response group than that in the good-response group (

p
=
0.043

and

p
=
0.048

, respectively). The DCP/SCP flow ratio was also significantly lower in the poor-response group (

p
=
0.011

). Conclusion. DME correlated with significant retinal microvascular impairment in the DCP. A decreased DCP/SCP flow ratio was observed in patients with DME that exhibited a poor treatment response. Retinal microvascular parameters could predict the treatment response in DME and help optimize clinical outcomes.
A New Combined Model for considering the Plasticity Effects in Contacting Asperities
Authors: Amini Sarabi Mohammad , Hosseini Tehrani Parisa
Published: November 2020

Wheel-rail contact in railway engineering is an important topic. Due to different materials and surface roughness of wheel and rail, the contact characteristics can alter significantly. This article aims to investigate the effects of surface roughness and asperities on the contact parameters such as contact area, contact force, and contact stiffness. The lateral contacts between asperities are assumed to be the general contact condition. Azimuthal and contact angles distributions are assumed to be spherical harmonic distribution. This assumption is compatible with the asperity distribution on the wheel and the rail surfaces. Besides, a new combined model is developed to cover the stick-slip and the plasticity effects in contacting asperities. The results of the presented model offer very good estimations for the asperities contact characteristics, especially at the small-contact area and separation where high-contact pressure and plastic deformation usually exist.
A Report of a Large Axillary Cystic Hygroma (a.k.a Lymphangioma) in a Newborn from a Tertiary Hospital in Northern Tanzania
Authors: Lodhia Jay , Philemon Rune , Amsi Patrick , Chilonga Kondo , Msuya David
Published: November 2020

Introduction. Cystic hygroma is a rare condition of the lymphatic system that occurs mainly in children. They are found around the neck, axilla, inguinal, or thoracic regions. Case Presentation. A newborn female baby with a right-sided axillary mass since birth was admitted to our center. She was otherwise a healthy baby with noncontributory prenatal history. The mass was 12 cm in diameter and cystic. Wide excision of the mass was done, and histology confirmed cystic hygroma. Postoperatively, the baby did well clinically and was discharged. Conclusion. Due to its rare incidence, reports and literature on management of cystic hygroma are few. A multidisciplinary approach is vital to yield the best prognosis for this rare condition.