bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cohérence d'une déviance : la mise en place de l'enseignement de l'anglais dans un DESS de gestion des industries du luxe et des métiers de l'art
Authors: Terrien Nicole
Published: November 2013

À travers la description du cours mis en place pour ce diplôme unique, il s’agit de repérer le rôle que peut jouer l’enseignement de l’anglais de spécialité au croisement de la langue technique et du véhicule culturel. Le lexique technique sert de support à une approche globale qui utilise systématiquement les particularités culturelles. Les étudiants sont invités à préciser leur compréhension et à affiner leur expression dans le but de convaincre un interlocuteur étranger. Cet exemple illustre la nécessité de ne jamais séparer texte et contexte dans le souci de rendre actif l’outil qu’est l’anglais de spécialité.
De divergences en convergence : Value, ou le triomphe du consommateur à l'américaine
Authors: Claisse Dominique
Published: November 2013

La didactique de l’anglais commercial, constituée des trois volets d’un même triptyque (langue, commerce, culture), se veut cohérence et synthèse : l’analyse de Value, ou la valeur, est un exemple qui met en lumière les liens qui existent entre ces trois composantes de l’anglais de spécialité. Simple d’abord, au plan linguistique, le terme permet de mettre en lumière l’approche spécifique du spécialiste en gestion. La référence aux États-Unis donne la transition nécessaire entre culture de distribution et culture de consommation. Au cœur de Value apparaît le consommateur à l’américaine, ou « consommacteur ».
Convergence sur l’apprenant et ouverture sur une société en mutation
Authors: Haramboure Françoise
Published: November 2013

À première vue, les concepts de centration sur l’apprenant et de formation à l’interculturel semblent divergents. Le premier se réfère à l’apprenant, le second à la dimension interculturelle de l’apprentissage linguistique. L’objet de cette communication est de montrer la convergence de ces deux concepts notamment dans l’apprentissage de l’anglais, langue de spécialité.
Réflexions sur les limites d'une intégration langues-savoirs disciplinaires entre milieux étrangers
Authors: Haeusser Christiane
Published: November 2013

Dans le cadre des programmes européens, les étudiants suivent les enseignements de leur spécialité directement en langue étrangère dans le contexte institutionnel du pays d’accueil. Pour ceux dont la formation associe une, voire deux langues cibles et des disciplines d’application telles que l’économie et le droit, dans lesquelles leur degré d’expertise est encore modeste, la question des modes d’interaction entre savoir-faire langagiers et savoirs disciplinaires, des processus cognitifs qui entrent en jeu, se présente de façon particulièrement complexe. Une première enquête fait ressortir une forte association entre les savoirs disciplinaires et les langues qui les ont véhiculés, un manque de perméabilité inter-langues et une difficulté à réintégrer les acquis dans le contexte de la langue maternelle.
Le fond et la forme
Authors: Petit Michel
Published: November 2013

Cette étude propose une réflexion sur les limitations d’origine culturelle d’accès linguistique au contenu et aux formes du discours scientifique, et leurs incidences méthodologiques pour l’anglisticien. La dialectique du fond et de la forme est éclairée par le modèle culiolien de l’activité de langage, en référence au statut de la connaissance scientifique.
O planejamento territorial no Brasil: efeitos da Política Nacional de Desenvolvimento Regional no Estado do Rio Grande do Sul
Authors: Cargnin Antonio Paulo , Rückert Aldomar A.
Published: November 2013

Este artigo tem por finalidade avaliar algumas das repercussões territoriais da Política Nacional de Desenvolvimento Regional (PNDR) no território do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Para tanto, é realizada uma análise da Política e dos instrumentos que apresentam maior incidência no território gaúcho: o Programa de Promoção da Sustentabilidade de Espaços Sub-Regionais (PROMESO) e o Programa de Desenvolvimento da Faixa de Fronteira (PDFF). A seguir são avaliados os resultados já alcançados por esses programas e identificados possíveis efeitos sobre as disparidades regionais. Paralelamente, procura-se analisar a atuação dos principais atores envolvidos no processo de implementação da política.
Habitat collectif « de standing » au cœur de Santiago du Chili : un modèle résidentiel vertical attractif ?
Authors: Henry Line
Published: November 2013

La superficie de Santiago du Chili connaît une très importante croissance en raison de l’attrait de l’habitat pavillonnaire. Dans le secteur de la capitale où résident les individus de plus hauts revenus, à proximité du centre des affaires de Las Condes, on trouve cependant une importante offre en appartements dans des immeubles « de standing ». Notre étude visait à identifier le profil des résidents de ces édifices et leurs motivations, autrement dit les critères de leur choix résidentiel, afin de statuer sur l’éventuelle apparition d’une véritable alternative à l’habitat pavillonnaire diffus. Nous avons identifié la recherche par cette population d’une « centralité décentralisée » autorisée par la polycentralité de la capitale du Chili et constituée, dans le cadre de notre zone d’étude, autour du centre des affaires de l’avenue Apoquindo. Ce phénomène, cumulé à l’importance historique et financière des communes du secteur Est, permet aux résidents de la zone de jouir d’un important degré de ségrégation socio-économique, de sécurité, de prestige et de la proximité de services, de commerces, d’équipements, d’emplois et de transports d’une grande qualité. Or dans ce contexte où une forme de centralité est valorisée, nous avons constaté l’existence de flux de population non seulement du centre vers la périphérie mais également, et à l’échelle d’une vie, de la périphérie vers le centre. Cette nouvelle redistribution, quoique nettement moindre, implique notamment le passage du pavillon unifamilial à l’appartement en hauteur, de la très faible densité à la forte densité urbaine, et sous-entend non seulement la poursuite de l’augmentation de cette dernière dans les zones centrales, mais aussi l’existence pour la classe haute chilienne d’un modèle positif en faveur de la tour d’habitation. La réalité simultanée de ces deux flux inversés, qui dépendent de l’étape dans la vie familiale des individus, et la possession généralisée de résidences secondaires « à la plage ou à la campagne » nous empêchent toutefois de conclure à l’apparition d’un véritable idéal de l’appartement, à un nouveau profond désir de densité qui serait partagé par la classe haute de Santiago. Il conviendra pourtant d’étudier dans les années à venir l’évolution des choix résidentiels d’une génération émergente de jeunes professionnels, aujourd’hui seuls ou en couples sans enfant, qui affichent une valorisation de la centralité et ne considèrent pas le pavillon comme une alternative souhaitable. D’autre part, l’évolution des perceptions de l’appartement et même la création d’un produit immobilier en hauteur dont la qualité et les aménagements satisferaient une partie des amateurs de maisons individuelles pourrait être engendrée par le secteur très influent des entreprises immobilières chiliennes, qui y reconnaitrait son intérêt.
Novos usos do território na perspectiva das dinâmicas de aprendizagem sociais e institucionais multiescalares
Authors: Cazarotto Rosmari Terezinha
Published: November 2013

O artigo analisa as contribuições teóricas e as evidências empíricas a respeito da inovação territorial, pautada nas dinâmicas de aprendizagem sociais e institucionais multiescalares. Para este propósito, analisa a emergência de novas funções atribuídas à universidade enfatizando métodos contemporâneos de capilarização de pesquisa da universidade para o território, segundo a natureza do conhecimento - tácito e codificado - e a modalidade de difusão – direta e indireta. A partir do método escalar, analisa-se iniciativas de âmbito do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, apoiadas pelos Conselhos Regionais de Desenvolvimento – COREDEs-RS, de descentralização de políticas de ciência, tecnologia e inovação, em que as universidades públicas, privadas e comunitárias passam a ter uma relação mais próxima com o setor produtivo local/regional.
Os paradigmas concorrenciais do setor de transporte aéreo: uma análise sobre as estratégias da companhia aérea Air France
Authors: Pereira Ana Paula Camilo
Published: November 2013

As companhias aéreas engendram, em grande parte, as inúmeras e incessantes transformações no setor aéreo global, ao mesmo tempo, em que são os agentes mais suscetíveis às mudanças macroeconômicas do dinamismo desse mercado. Nessa perspectiva esse artigo se propõe a realizar uma abordagem sobre os paradigmas concorrenciais do setor aéreo, destacando as ações estratégicas da companhia Air France, a partir de uma análise que considera a associação entre a dinâmica territorial e a dinâmica do capital. Nesse sentido, enfatizam-se as facetas que se sobrepõem no jogo da concorrência do setor aéreo e com isso busca-se desmistificar a intencionalidade de estratégias que simulam um setor amplamente revestido de rivalidade entre as companhias aéreas. Assim, têm-se nas ações estratégicas da Air France os fatores que definem esse mercado na atualidade e que representam os elementos norteadores dessa organização da concorrência que se dá em torno dos padrões impostos pelo processo de mundialização.
Mapeamento ambiental integrado: município de Porto Alegre, RS
Authors: Canal Heloise , Verdum Roberto
Published: November 2013

O estudo ambiental requer a busca de instrumentos capazes de integrar os diversos elementos físicos e biológicos de determinada área com os seus aspectos sociais e econômicos, visto que os problemas ambientais são cada vez mais complexos e, portanto, não podem ser analisados separadamente das forças que os produzem. Nessa perspectiva, o presente artigo objetiva apresentar o processo de construção do mapeamento integrado de dados ambientais referentes ao município de Porto Alegre (RS). A metodologia para elaboração do mapa e demais elementos foi baseada na proposta de cartografia ambiental do grupo de trabalho “Mapeando o Ambiente e sua Dinâmica”, criado pela União Geográfica Internacional (IGU) e presidido pelo professor e geógrafo francês André Journaux, Universidade de Caen, França, no período entre 1976 e 1984. Essa proposta surgiu com o principal objetivo de sensibilizar um público amplo sobre a situação ambiental do município, assim como subsidiar a tomada de decisão através do planejamento integrado, o qual levasse em conta os elementos naturais e essenciais do ambiente (solo, água e ar) e a ação humana (passado e presente). Para tanto, foram compilados de diversas fontes os dados relativos ao relevo, à hidrografia, às condições climáticas, aos espaços construídos e cultivados e às áreas verdes, ademais dos estudos que abordassem a degradação dos respectivos elementos. O armazenamento, o processamento e a saída dos dados foram realizados através de aplicativo computacional específico de manipulação de informações geográficas – Sistema de Informações Geográficas (SIG). Além do aspecto metodológico do mapeamento, também são apresentadas espacialmente algumas dinâmicas observadas a partir da integração dos dados ambientais, principalmente com relação a alguns problemas de degradação ambiental ocorridos no município.
As Lagoas Salitradas do Pantanal da Nhecolândia: um estudo da paisagem baseado no modelo GTP – Geossistema, Território e Paisagem
Authors: Silva Mauro Henrique Soares da , Passos Messias Modesto dos , Sakamoto Arnaldo Yoso
Published: November 2013

O presente estudo objetivou realizar a análise da paisagem do Pantanal da Nhecolândia, compreendendo, sobretudo, os processos de formação e evolução dos sistemas lacustres denominados “lagoas salitradas”, sob a perspectiva do modelo GTP: uma proposta de organização teórica metodológica pautada em uma tríade conceitual geográfica que facilita a correlação entre os aspectos físicos-naturias (Geossitema – G), sócio-econômicos (Território – T) e culturais (Paisagem – P). Foram procedidos: a seleção de uma lagoa salitrada na região; a coleta e análise físico-química dos solos da lagoa, levantamento topográfico, coleta e análise fitossociológica da vegetação da cordilheira, análise multitemporal de imagens de satélites; levantamentos de dados agropecuarios da região; e, entrevistas semi-dirigidas com pantaneiros. Ressaltamos que as diferentes feições da cobertura vegetal aliadas às distinções de organização pedomorfológicas e as características topográficas internas, bem como às evidencias de descontinuidade do cordão vegetal (cordilheira), aliadas ao uso deste ambiente voltado à pecuária extensiva, contribuiram para a entrada de água ácida na área através de ligações diretas com sistemas coalescentes descaracterizando um sistema lacustre o qual acreditamos ter sido um ambiente alcalino em tempos pretéritos. Tal dinâmica pode gerar consequências em todas as unidades da paisagem do Pantanal da Nhecolândia que apesar de distintas são próximas e interligadas.
Desenvolvimento rural do semiárido brasileiro: transformações recentes, desafios e perspectivas
Authors: Buainain Antonio Marcio , Garcia Junior Ruiz
Published: November 2013

O Semiárido Brasileiro tem sido caracterizado como área problema no país, pelo atraso econômico, social e político, terra dos “coronéis” que simbolizam o anacronismo institucional, ocorrência de secas e estiagens e por importantes restrições ecológicas. O Semiárido Brasileiro concentra atualmente a maior parcela da população rural brasileira em situação de pobreza e de pobreza extrema. Embora esta fotografia ainda seja parcialmente verdadeira, ela não leva em conta um “novo” cenário que está emergindo na região a partir de investimentos públicos e privados em infraestrutura, indústrias, minas e agricultura, e pelas políticas sociais. No período recente, a Região Nordeste, incluso o Semiárido Brasileiro, tem recebido um amplo conjunto de ações do setor público federal, os quais estão gerando inúmeros efeitos de irradiação que tem potencial para transformar as estruturas do Semiárido e inseri-lo em um ciclo virtuoso de acumulação. Os resultados dessa intervenção ainda são incertos, particularmente na área rural, onde a pobreza massiva dificulta, e impede, que a maior da população aproveite as oportunidades geradas pelo desenvolvimento. Assim, o principal objetivo deste trabalho é discutir os desafios e as perspectivas para a superação da pobreza rural e a promoção do desenvolvimento do Semiárido Brasileiro a luz das recentes transformações. Para tanto o trabalho apresenta o quadro socioeconômico e algumas das principais transformações recentes em curso na região. A análise foi construída a partir da consulta de documentos oficiais do governo brasileiro e de trabalhos acadêmicos, além do levantamento e tratamento de dados estatísticos com auxílio de técnicas de geoprocessamento. A espacialização dos indicadores socioeconômicos por município revelou a heterogeneidade existente no território. Esse quadro indica que o enfrentamento da pobreza rural não deve ser homogêneo. Desse modo, este trabalho propõe que o combate à pobreza rural seja baseado em 3 grandes eixos de ação: proteger a população pobre para reduzir, no curto prazo, a exposição às inseguranças mais graves e com maiores consequências futuras; interromper a reprodução da pobreza, impedindo que a criança pobre de hoje seja o jovem pobre de amanhã, e que o jovem pobre de hoje seja o chefe de um novo domicílio pobre e inserir os pobres rurais nos circuitos de geração e produção de riqueza, de forma que possam gerar renda suficiente para assumir suas estratégias de vida de forma autônoma. Essa proposta envolve objetivos, dimensões temporais, alcance e foco diferenciados, e exige elevada capacidade política e operacional para coordenar ações de várias áreas e também para implementar políticas universais e políticas mais seletivas, que requerem difíceis opções por parte do poder público.
Fatores que determinam o desenvolvimento rural nas microrregiões do Brasil
Authors: Stege Alysson Luiz , Parré José Luiz
Published: November 2013

Devido à população rural brasileira possuir características heterogêneas de caráter social, técnico e regional se faz necessário conhecer como está distribuído o desenvolvimento rural no Brasil. Neste sentido, o objetivo do presente estudo é analisar o desenvolvimento rural nas microrregiões brasileiras, inserido no contexto multidimensional do desenvolvimento rural. Usando a técnica da estatística multivariada, mais especificamente, a análise fatorial, elabora-se um indicador sintético, o Índice de Desenvolvimento Rural para as 558 microrregiões brasileiras. Através da análise fatorial foram extraídos 6 fatores e a partir destes fatores, pôde-se construir o Índice de Desenvolvimento Rural, através do cálculo da média ponderada dos fatores pertencentes a cada observação. A partir do indicador sintético, analisa-se o comportamento de cada fator, tendo como base os escorres fatoriais calculados, para as 558 microrregiões. Os resultados apontam um desenvolvimento rural bastante heterogêneo nas microrregiões, e que o processo de desenvolvimento rural vai além da análise do crescimento econômico medido pelo produto e renda per capita, pois foram encontrados fatores relacionados ao bem estar dos domicílios rurais, o meio ambiente, o sistema educacional entre outros.
O mercado de capitais e os círculos de informações financeiras no território brasileiro
Authors: Pasti André , Silva Adriana Maria Bernardes da
Published: November 2013

Este artigo resulta de investigação a respeito do movimento das bolsas de valores — e, assim, do mercado de capitais — no processo de financeirização do território brasileiro, a partir da configuração dos círculos de informações financeiras que embasam o funcionamento desse mercado no período da globalização. Para tanto, discutimos as relações entre os círculos de informações e os novos usos do território, as principais transformações técnicas e políticas no mercado de capitais brasileiro a partir da globalização, os novos agentes e conteúdos trazidos pelos círculos de informações financeiras na cidade de São Paulo e as implicações dessa reorganização do mercado de capitais à rede urbana brasileira.
Construcción, entronización y degradación de los símbolos de la identidad nacional en el cine mexicano contemporáneo
Authors: García Benítez Carlos
Published: November 2013

To found the nation as a political speech implied spreading cinema as a cultural phenomenon in different means. The ideas that explained and illustrated the meaning of the Mexican nation were widely known through radio and cinema during last century. The cinema was particularly used to collaborate creating a national identity. This was possible because, it appeared a group of symbolic repertoires in different movies that served for “to look and to recognize to the nation”, among other narrative resources, especially in the so called Golden Age of Mexican cinema. Inside this symbolic universe, those symbols identified as the foundational signs of the homeland appeared, usually in a exalted way thematically and in cinematographic language. However, in a politically changing time as these days, the uses of the symbolic repertoires of the nation have found also other uses, where its privileged situation stopped being the same, even to the degree of seeing their own critique. That happens in the Mexican contemporary cinema’s expression, and we will try to explain it in the present essay.
Enchères ou négociations dans les marchés publics : une analyse empirique
Authors: Chong Eshien , Staropoli Carine , Yvrande-Billon Anne
Published: November 2013

Pourquoi un acheteur public choisit-il d’attribuer un marché public au moyen d’une procédure d’appel d’offres plutôt que par la négociation directe avec les candidats potentiels ? Pour répondre à cette question, nous examinons empiriquement l’impact des trois principaux déterminants économiques des choix des modes d’attribution des marchés publics identifiés dans la littérature, à savoir l’intensité concurrentielle prévalant sur le marché des fournisseurs, le niveau de la contrainte budgétaire de l’acheteur et la complexité du projet à réaliser. A partir d’une base de données exhaustive portant sur les marchés publics de travaux attribués en 2007 en France, notre analyse suggère que le choix du mode d’attribution des marchés publics ne s’explique pas uniquement par des considérations d’efficacité économique. Cela nous conduit à envisager d’autres explications, tenant compte notamment des aspects politiques liés au fait que les acheteurs publics sont des élus forcément sensibilisés à l’impact politique de leurs décisions.
Les partenariats public-privé dans les infrastructures de télécommunications à haut et très haut débit : les enjeux concurrentiels
Authors: Marty Frédéric
Published: November 2013

Le déploiement d’infrastructures de télécommunications à haut et à très haut débit ne peut se faire dans de nombreuses situations sans une implication des collectivités publiques. Celle-ci prend la forme de contrats de partenariat public-privé induisant souvent un soutien financier public à l’entreprise contractante. Ce soutien, couplé avec le monopole de fait conféré tout au long de la durée du contrat, est susceptible d’induire des distorsions de concurrence. L’objectif de cet article est d’analyser de quelle façon la Commission européenne contrôle les projets qui lui sont notifiés au titre de l’encadrement des aides publiques et de quelle façon elle impose des conditions de nature à limiter les risques concurrentiels tant dans la décision de contracter dans le cadre d’un partenariat public-privé qu’en matière d’accès des tiers à l’infrastructure ainsi édifiée et exploitée.
Renégocier pour durer : une analyse empirique des contrats de concessions
Authors: Beuve Jean , de Brux Julie , Saussier Stéphane
Published: November 2013

Dans cet article, nous apportons des éclairages nouveaux sur les renégociations des partenariats public-privé. Alors qu’elles sont traditionnellement décrites comme néfastes ou reflets de contrats mal adaptés, une base de données originale nous permet de proposer une vision alternative des renégociations. Le traitement économétrique de ces données issues du secteur du stationnement en France, indique que la fréquence, l’objet, l’étendue et la rapidité des renégociations ont un impact décisif sur la poursuite des relations contractuelles, signe de la satisfaction des parties au contrat.
Too big, too quick?
Authors: Durand Cédric , Lautier Marc
Published: November 2013

This paper presents some stylized facts about the expansion of the Russian metallurgical industry from the early nineties to the aftermath of the global financial crisis of 2008-2009. It retraces the internationalization of these firms and examines the characteristics of this movement in terms of geographical and industrial orientation (horizontal, vertical upstream or downstream). The magnitude and speed of Russian metallurgical expansion abroad represent a great opportunity to discuss the literature on how firms become transnationals. After an assessment of the limits of the available theoretical tools and of the need to articulate micro-mechanisms and macro- and meso-dynamics, the paper provides an institutional and systemic explanatory framework.
Damnation
Authors: Renault Matthieu
Published: November 2013

Il y a chez le théoricien des décolonisations Frantz Fanon deux approches du « fait religieux » irréductibles l'une à l'autre : la première est une conception de la damnation du Noir/colonisé en tant que sentiment de néantisation appelant un surgissement depuis la « zone de non-être » ; la seconde est une conception des religions en tant qu'institutions sociales d'emblée incorporées, par instrumentalisation et comme religions dominante/dominée, au conflit (manichéisme) colonial... mais aussi post-colonial. Nous montrons que ces deux approches renvoient à deux stades de la pensée de Fanon séparées par une « conversion » de leur auteur à un monisme (matérialiste et vitaliste) intégral, mais néanmoins unies par un même projet : la décolonisation comme conquête d'être, montée en humanité.
Analyse du rôle des chercheurs en sciences sociales dans la gestion des déchets radioactifs
Authors: Lits Grégoire
Published: November 2013

L’analyse de la carrière du problème des déchets radioactifs laisse apparaître une rupture importante dans le mode de traitement qui en est fait. Problème à l’origine considéré comme principalement technique, il s’est transformé, suite à un lent processus de « mise en politique », en problème sociotechnique. Gérer les aspects techniques du problème ne suffit plus. Il faut également gérer ce qui sera identifié comme ses « aspects sociaux ». Suite à ce tournant, on observe aujourd’hui l’émergence d’un consensus parmi les acteurs des décisions nucléaires. Pour gérer les « aspects sociaux », il est utile, voire nécessaire, de mobiliser l’expertise des chercheurs en sciences sociales. Ce consensus appelle donc à la collaboration entre experts en sciences sociales et experts nucléaires pour résoudre le problème des déchets radioactifs. Sur base d’une analyse de la littérature et de données ethnographiques recueillies principalement en Belgique depuis 2009, cet article propose une analyse des différents modes d’engagement des experts en sciences sociales dans la gestion des déchets radioactifs. Cette analyse permettra, dans un premier temps, de mettre en évidence l’existence d’une contradiction latente opposant, dès la fin des années 1940, sociologues et ingénieurs quant à leurs rôles respectifs dans la gestion des « aspects sociaux » du nucléaire. L’analyse des critiques portées par les chercheurs en sciences sociales permettra, ensuite, d’identifier l’existence de deux soubassements normatifs – deux visions de l’organisation souhaitable du monde social – permettant d’identifier les causes d’une possible difficulté de collaboration. Finalement, l’analyse de la littérature permet de dégager trois figures idéales typiques de l’engagement des chercheurs en sciences sociales. Ce modèle idéal-typique pourrait être utilisé dans le futur pour analyser des situations réelles d’engagement de chercheurs en sciences sociales dans la gouvernance de questions sociotechniques.
Presencing Our Absencing
Authors: Cox Louis D.
Published: November 2013

This chapter raises awareness of the persistent need in the majority of group participants to avoid publicly exposing in their conversations the vulnerability generated by their profound human need for each other’s acceptance and approval. A willingness to risk this exposure is required for successfully creating the open interpersonal field critical to the effectiveness of Scharmer’s Theory U methodology. Scharmer recognizes this resistance in his description of the “Voices of Judgment, Cynicism, and Fear,” and in participants’ avoidance of exposing their vulnerability to each other. However, he does not offer an adequate methodological remedy. In this chapter, the group participants’ egos are identified as the source of all forms of avoidance of the interpersonal risks required if conversations are to be open, creative, and transformative. A collective method is presented which a group can use to diminish the negative impact of their egos on their conversations, increase interpersonal safety, and strengthen the group’s capacity to sustain “presencing conversations.” This method, called “Presencing Our Absencing” follows the format of Scharmer’s U model for group conversations.
Theory U and Emergent Innovation
Authors: Peschl Markus F. , Fundneider Thomas
Published: November 2013

One of the big challenges in the field of innovation is to create something radically new and at the same time something that has been “waited for,” although nobody has explicitly known or seen it, something that—despite its newness—appears just in the right time at the right place (“kairos”) and organically fits in the existing environment (be it a market, an organization, a culture, or society). This chapter introduces an alternative approach to innovation and presents both its theoretical foundation and a concrete well-proven innovation process: Emergent Innovation. Besides other concepts from the fields of innovation, cognitive science, and epistemology, this approach is based on C. O. Scharmer’s Theory U. It is shown that a new kind of “cognition and epistemology of potentiality” is necessary in order to accomplish such processes as “learning from the future” and “listening to the future as it emerges.” It involves a whole new set of cognitive abilities, attitudes, and epistemological virtues, such as radical openness, deep observation, and understanding skills, reframing, etc. The second part of this chapter presents the Emergent Innovation approach that applies these theoretical concepts in a concrete process design. It is a socio-epistemological innovation technology bringing forth profoundly new knowledge and innovations having the qualities explicated above. The practical concepts, the implications, as well as the learnings for Theory U are discussed.
Theory U
Authors: Guillet de Monthoux Pierre , Statler Matt
Published: November 2013

The recent Carnegie report (Colby, et al., 2011) characterizes the goal of business education as the development of practical wisdom. In this chapter, the authors reframe Scharmer’s Theory U as an attempt to develop practical wisdom by applying certain European philosophical concepts. Specifically, they trace a genealogy of social sculpture, Schwungspiel, poetic creation, and spiritual science, and suggest that Scharmer’s work integrates these concepts into a pragmatic pedagogy that has implications for business practice as well as business education.
Climate Change and Sustainable Development in Agriculture and Forestry
Authors: Popović Vesna , Mijajlović Nada
Published: November 2013

Although climate change is a global process, its local impacts are diverse. Existing agro-ecological conditions, structure of production, various production systems, technological development, socio-economic factors, and international competition and policy choices will determine the impact that climate change will have on the agricultural and forestry sectors and their adaptive capacity and mitigation potential. The authors use the Danube basin area in Serbia as a case study to test the hypothesis that only sustainable agriculture, based on optimum balance of different types of farming systems and practices and satisfying a range of the region’s specific ecological, social, and economic functions, as well as sustainable forestry, can cope successfully with the climate change. The main topics of the analysis are the climate change trends and impacts on agriculture and forestry and the assessment of their adaptive capacity and mitigation potential, including the proposition of relevant adaptation and mitigation measures.
Emissions Trading Schemes in the Transportation Sector
Authors: Maragkogianni Alexandra , Papaefthimiou Spiros , Zopounidis Constantin
Published: November 2013

The transportation sector is a constantly growing source of greenhouse gas emissions, and its inclusion in the European Union Emissions Trading Scheme (EU-ETS) has become inevitable, aiming to mitigate climate change effects. This chapter summarises the operation of the scheme, the accompanying legal framework, the induced implications, and the necessary requirements for the inclusion of transportation sub-sectors in the scheme. The implementation of the EU-ETS in aviation, shipping, and road transport is described, while details on the emissions trading and allowances allocation are provided. The processes of monitoring, reporting, and verification of emissions are reported along with the energy challenges, environmental, and financial impacts of the anticipated market based measures.
Diffusion and Adoption of Innovations for Sustainability
Authors: Muga Helen E. , Thomas Ken D.
Published: November 2013

The primary focus of this chapter is on the theory and concepts of sustainability and why they are important to innovation and vice-versa. Key reductionist approaches to assessing sustainability such life cycle assessment (LCA), life cycle cost analysis (LCCA), and sustainability indicators are discussed in detail and applied to an engineering infrastructure scenario. The integrated sustainability methods of life cycle assessment and life cycle cost analysis enable a business to assess alternative products or processes at the planning and design stages. They may also be used during the production stages to assess whether a business needs to use a different raw material to make their products. The role of management, social network analysis, and mental models of individuals in the diffusion and adoption of innovations are also explored.
Multi-Criteria Decision Aid for Sustainable Energy Prioritization Using Fuzzy Axiomatic Design
Authors: Oztaysi Basar , Isik Mine , Ercan Secil
Published: November 2013

Sustainability has gained tremendous importance and has been an important issue both for policy makers and practitioners. Realizing that the resources on the earth are limited, renewable energy alternatives have flourished and started to replace the conventional energy alternatives. Energy planning using different energy alternatives, for the long term becomes a vital decision. In this study, fuzzy multi criteria decision- making methodologies, axiomatic design (AD) and analytic hierarchy process (AHP) are utilized for ranking both renewable and conventional energy alternatives. In the first phase AHP is utilized to determine the importance of the criteria and in the second phase fuzzy AD is used to evaluate the experts’ assessments. In the case study, both conventional and renewable energy alternatives are evaluated according to technical, economical, air quality and site selection perspectives. The case study results show that the renewable energy alternatives (biomass, geothermal power and wind) perform better than the conventional energy resources.
Cooling and Heating with Ground Source Energy
Authors: Omer Abdeen Mustafa
Published: November 2013

In the recent attempts to stimulate alternative energy sources for heating and cooling of buildings, emphasis has been put on utilisation of the ambient energy from ground source and other renewable energy sources. Exploitation of renewable energy sources and particularly ground heat in buildings can significantly contribute towards reducing dependency on fossil fuels. This paper highlights the potential energy saving that could be achieved through use of ground energy source. It also focuses on the optimisation and improvement of the operation conditions of the heat cycles and performances of the DX GSHP. It is concluded that the direct expansion of GSHP are extendable to more comprehensive applications combined with the ground heat exchanger in foundation piles and the seasonal thermal energy storage from solar thermal collectors. This article discusses the principle of the ground source energy, varieties of GSHPs, and various developments.
Towards Energy Sustainability in Federated and Interoperable Clouds
Authors: Celesti Antonio , Puliafito Antonio , Tusa Francesco , Villari Massimo
Published: November 2013

Cloud federation is paving the way toward new business scenarios in which it is possible to enforce more flexible energy management strategies than in the past. Considering independent cloud providers, each one is exclusively bound to the specific energy supplier powering its datacenter. The situation radically changes if we consider a federation of cloud providers powered by both a conventional energy supplier and a renewable energy generator. In such a context, the opportune relocation of computational workload among providers can lead to a global energy sustainability policy for the whole federation. In this work, the authors investigate the advantages and issues for the achievement of such a sustainable environment.
Green, Sustainable, or Clean
Authors: Antonova Albena
Published: November 2013

Since antiquity, human activity and technological innovations endanger environmental balance. Any new technology generates more business activity, leading to increased resource extraction and waste and directly menacing natural ecosystems. As a result, technological progress and economic growth are based on unsustainable practices. In the last few decades, ICT has accelerated and globalized business activity and many problems emerged as scarcity of natural resources, global warming, and population growth are only few of them. For less than 20 years, information technologies made the world smaller and smarter. ICT transformed all aspects of human life including business processes and practices, communication, logistics and transportation, learning, entertainment, commerce, and many others. The present research aims to outline some of the challenges to new technologies and IT/IS practices. It proposes a practice-oriented framework for adoption of green IT/IS strategy in companies. While literature is dominated by specific technological issues, businesses still miss the general vision of sustainable/green/clean technologies and how to adopt green IT/IS. Therefore, the discussion section of this chapter proposes an analysis of wider practices and initiatives leading to green IT/IS.
Data-Stream-Driven Computers are Power and Energy Efficient
Authors: Renbi Abdelghani
Published: November 2013

It is believed that data-stream-driven computing is power and energy efficient as compared to its counterpart, instruction-stream-driven computing. This latter requires memory access and memory control overheads while the processor is fetching task instructions from the memory. The programmer describes all the tasks as instructions in the program memory. On the other hand data-stream-driven computer is already configured or hardwired for a specific computing operation, no memory is required apart from data storage. In some contexts we refer to data-stream-driven computers as accelerators or single-purpose processors. This chapter discusses the benefit of data-stream-driven computing for better power and energy efficiency. We took matrix multiplication as an example application to compare the power and energy dissipations between load/store and non-instruction fetch-based architectures. We witnessed that single-purpose processor reduces almost 100% of the dynamic power when replacing the general-purpose processor. With the current mainstream transistor technology, morphware platforms that allow massive parallelism are the potential key for data-stream-driven computer implementations to saving energy in battery-powered embedded systems and to solve the dissipated power dilemma, as the heat becomes the bottleneck of traditional high frequency processors. If the same strategy is applied to mainstream computers and data center servers, we will not only reduce electricity bills but we will also contribute to greener computing by lowering the IT sector’s CO2 emissions.
Natural Resources Conservation in the Influence Areas of Cities
Authors: Niţă Mihai Răzvan , Niculae Mihăiţă Iulian , Onose Diana Andreea , Pătroescu Maria , Vânău Gabriel Ovidiu , Ciocănea Cristiana Maria
Published: November 2013

As urban development has become an increasing problem, urban planning is required to integrate social and economical needs with the sustainable use of natural resources. Lately planners have been using GIS techniques, based on international and local databases, in finding the most probable scenarios and the best available solutions. Four models of natural resources conservation have proved effective in the influence areas of cities: protected areas, yellow-green belts, regional parks, and oxygen generating surfaces. The establishment and management of these can be better realised by GIS techniques, because of their efficiency and ease of use, and the suitability and general availability of data.
Using Sensor-Based Measurement Technology to Reduce the Environmental Impact of Perishable Goods
Authors: Ilic Alexander , Staake Thorsten , Fleisch Elgar
Published: November 2013

Perishable goods are still a major challenge for supply chains. Temperature fluctuations and other disruptions can occur at various stages of a distribution network. Without sensor technologies, these disruptions are often not detectable in early stages of the supply chains. As a result, losses accumulate at the end of supply chains where a lot of energy as already invested for delivering these goods up to this point. This chapter shows how sensor technologies can enable a new way of data-driven decision making at the distribution stage of a supply chain. It demonstrates when and how sensors can be used for smart removal and sorting decisions. The results indicate that these decisions can reduce the environmental impact and even increase profits significantly.
Sustainable Waste Management System and Reverse Logistic Network Design in Plastic Industry
Authors: Aydogan Emel Kizilkaya , Ates Nuray , Uzal Nigmet , Zaral Fulya , Papajorgji Petraq
Published: November 2013

The shortage of natural sources and the threat of the bad trend have forced the industries to find environmentally-friendly alternatives and ecological approaches in their production line. In some countries, regulations have been issued for industries about this subject. Due to these reasons and more of them, logistic firms have been forced to take into consideration decreasing material and energy consumption and minimizing waste production in planning their network designs. In practice, it might be necessary to simultaneously optimize more than one conflicting objective to obtain effective and realistic solutions. In this chapter, current logistics network design of a plastic industry in Turkey has been investigated and reverse logistics network design has been developed to minimize waste production and to achieve green production. This chapter presents a mathematical model which is a fuzzy goal programming model for imprecise goals for reverse logistic network design with multiple objectives in plastic sector. The considered objectives are to reduce cost in reverse logistics, to improve product quality, and to provide environmental benefits by minimizing waste production.
Consideration of Sustainability in Projects and Project Management
Authors: Silvius Gilbert , Schipper Ron , Nedeski Snezana
Published: November 2013

The relevance of integrating the concepts of sustainability into project management shows from the growing number of studies on this topic. These studies approach the topic mostly from a conceptual, logical, or moral point of view. Given the fact that the relationship between sustainability and project management is still an emerging field of study, these approaches make sense. However, they do not diminish the need for more empirical studies to understand how the concepts of sustainable development are implemented in practice. This chapter reports an analysis of 56 case studies on the integration of the concepts of sustainability in the way organizations initiate, develop, and manage projects. The research question of the study was: To what extent do organizations consider the concepts of sustainability in the initiation, development, and management of projects? The study found an overall average level of sustainability consideration in the actual situation of 25.9%. For the desired situation, this score is almost 10 percent higher, showing an ambition to take sustainability more into consideration. The study also showed that the way sustainability currently is considered in projects should be categorized as the traditional “making things less bad” approach to sustainability integration and not as a more modern “how can we contribute to making things good” approach. However, the scores of the desired situation indicate that the modern approach to corporate responsibility is certainly the ambition of the participating organizations.
Sustainability in Supply Chain Management
Authors: Dehghanian Farzad
Published: November 2013

This chapter introduces sustainable development and its influences on supply chain management context. Sustainable development brings economical, environmental, and social concerns into managerial issues in supply chain. So working in sustainable environment will be more complex for managers who are now responsible to consider business functions from the three dimensions of sustainable developments. In this paradigm, managers seek the ways to avoid negative environmental and social impact of their operations and at the same time earn economical benefits. Furthermore, sustainability forces managers to deal with different stakeholders included in three dimensions of sustainable development. To proceed in this way, this chapter first presents environmental and social considerations and relevant stakeholders in supply chain management and offer some changes to manage the multi-dimensional and multi-stakeholder nature of the sustainable supply chain. Then, it discusses about the sustainability assessment frameworks to evaluate sustainability of a company as well as a supply chain.
How Positive Psychology can Support Sustainable Project Management
Authors: van den Brink Jasper C.
Published: November 2013

In this chapter, the relationship between positive psychology and sustainable project management is discussed. A general description of the field of positive psychology is given. The relationship between positive psychology and the three P’s of sustainability (People, Planet, and Profit) is described. Specific attention is paid to hope and optimism as ways to intervene in project teams. Hope and optimism are central concepts in positive psychology. These concepts can help to improve the sustainability of project teams and to stimulate sustainable change.
Community Opposition and Public Engagement with Wind Energy in the UK
Authors: Cotton Matthew
Published: November 2013

In the UK, wind energy is an important component of a renewable energy strategy designed to mitigate climate change and secure long term electricity supply. However, wind developments are exceedingly controversial amongst locally affected citizens. This chapter focuses upon the socio-political aspects of wind farm siting in the UK, examining the issues of Not In My Back Yard (NIMBY) protest, the attitudes of developers towards ‘the public’, and the policy and practice of public engagement in wind siting decisions in light of recent changes to the domestic planning legislation for Nationally Significant Infrastructure Projects.
The University of Hawai‘i at Manoa Sustainability Courtyard as a Center for Campus Engagement
Authors: Cusick John
Published: November 2013

The University of Hawai‘i at Manoa Sustainability Courtyard provides a venue for campus engagement to educate and increase awareness of developing solutions and/or adaptations to geopolitical and environmental challenges, particularly energy, water, and food security. Few institutions are immune to coping and addressing triple bottom line issues of energy (economy), water, food and waste management (environment), and workplace comfort and safety concerns (equity), so the limited window of time students have on university campuses is an opportunity to engage and prepare them for an uncertain future (+ education).