bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hypertension and Left Ventricular Strain in Pediatric Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Kula Alexander J. , Xu Yunwen , Hill Garick D. , Furth Susan L. , Warady Bradley A. , Ng Derek K. , Seegmiller Jeese , Mitsnefes Mark ,   for the CKiD Study Investigators
Published: August 2024

BACKGROUND:

Left ventricular global longitudinal strain (LV GLS) on echocardiography is a sensitive yet clinically significant marker of myocardial dysfunction. Reduced LV GLS is prevalent in adults with chronic kidney disease and hypertension and is associated with adverse cardiovascular outcomes. It may be a biomarker of chronic kidney disease–associated myocardial dysfunction in children, but data are limited. Our objective was to describe LV GLS in the CKiD study (Chronic Kidney Disease in Children) and to examine the association between blood pressure (BP) and reduced LV GLS.

METHODS:

A single apical 4-chamber view was used to estimate LV GLS. Our main analyses examined the association of clinic BP with the absolute value of LV GLS and LV GLS dichotomized at 16. Sensitivity analyses using 24-hour ambulatory BP monitoring data were also performed. Generalized estimating equations were used to account for within-person correlation and to estimate robust SEs for 95% CIs. Covariates in adjusted models included: age, sex, race, estimated glomerular filtration rate, urine protein, hemoglobin, left ventricular hypertrophy, and the use of renin-angiotensin system inhibitors.

RESULTS:

LV GLS was measured in 962 person-visits. A total of 77 assessments had an LV GLS <16. In adjusted models, both clinic systolic BP (odds ratio, 1.02 [95% CI, 1.01–1.03]) and diastolic BP (odds ratio, 1.02 [95% CI, 1.00–1.03]) percentiles were associated with LV GLS <16. Having awake or nighttime diastolic BP hypertension on ambulatory BP monitoring was significantly associated with a lower absolute value of LV GLS.

CONCLUSIONS:

Office systolic and diastolic hypertension was associated with diminished LV GLS. Only diastolic hypertension detected on ambulatory BP monitoring was associated with lower LV GLS.
What nutrition advice is freely available for gymnasts, coaches and parents on their member National Governing Body webpages?
Authors: Riman Jessica , Keane Karen M , Hicks Kirsty M , Allen Georgia , Peart Daniel J
Published: August 2024

The purpose of this content analysis was to ascertain what nutrition advice or information is freely available on a global scale through each National Governing Body (NGB) webpage. In total, 52 NGBs and the International Federation of Gymnastics (FIG) were identified based on the FIG November 2022 world rankings for both male and female athletes in all disciplines. Concluding observations were that publicly available nutrition advice is limited across the global gymnastics platforms. Conflicting advice was also identified within some organisations surrounding the weighing of gymnasts for hydration purposes and some macronutrient discrepancies thus, potentially impacting the clarity of the message for the reader. Based on this content analysis recommendations for future practice include providing clarity and provision of tools to measure hydration, dietary recommendations should be clear and specific, and a more centralised approach to standardise advice and publicly available information.
Gospel, Liberation and Pluralism in Latin America
Authors: Clark David
Published: August 2024

Seeing the world through the eyes of the marginalised has been a consistent theme in modern Latin American theology. When Latin American Liberation Theology first emerged, evangelical theologian René Padilla expressed a shared concern over the problem of poverty, but also warned that certain elements therein clashed with evangelical hermeneutics. Consequently, he called for a circular approach that would maintain a tension between the crisis of the moment and the authority of biblical revelation. In the twenty-first century, liberation discourse has expanded into postcolonial critique on indigenous culture and identity, including a stream known as Liberation Pluralism. Evangelicals share many of the same concerns. But as they engage with the discourse, there is an ongoing need to heed Padilla's warning. This article argues that evangelicals today can engage in postcolonial and liberation discourses, but that this should be carried out with that same circular hermeneutic which Padilla first proposed.
Experimental and numerical buckling analysis of CNT reinforced polymer composite plates
Authors: Patel Asha , Das Priyadarshi , Biswal Madhusmita , Sahu Shishir Kumar
Published: August 2024

A combined experimental and numerical buckling analysis is performed for Carbon nanotube-reinforced composite (CNTRC) laminates under uniaxial in-plane compressive load. A finite element simulation program is developed in MATLAB environment and the recorded buckling responses are verified with the experimental results. Closely aligned numerical and experimental results exhibits that inclusion of 0.3% CNT increases buckling strengths of CNTRC composite laminates, regardless of their geometrical parameters. Clamped edge laminates exhibit higher buckling mode shapes, influenced by aspect ratio and edge restraint. Microscopic analysis of CNTRC's fractured surface under compression shows enhanced buckling strength attributed to CNTs’ bridging and pullout effects in the matrix, suppressing crack initiation and propagation. Field Emission Scanning Electronic Microscope (FESEM) is utilized for this investigation.
The Ames room and the misunderstood versions and depictions
Authors: Koshmanova Ekaterina , Dvoeglazova Maria , Myrov Vladislav , Gorina Elena , Vodorezova Kristina , Gorbunova Elena S. , Sawada Tadamasa
Published: August 2024

The Ames room illusion is one of the best-known geometrical illusions but its geometrical properties are often misunderstood. This study discusses the differences in the geometrical properties between the original Ames room and what have been often referred to as “Ames rooms” in recent studies.
Does Generative Artificial Intelligence Improve the Academic Achievement of College Students? A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Sun Lihui , Zhou Liang
Published: August 2024

The use of generative artificial intelligence (Gen-AI) to assist college students in their studies has become a trend. However, there is no academic consensus on whether Gen-AI can enhance the academic achievement of college students. Using a meta-analytic approach, this study aims to investigate the effectiveness of Gen-AI in improving the academic achievement of college students and to explore the effects of different moderating variables. A total of 28 articles (65 independent studies, 1909 participants) met the inclusion criteria for this study. The results showed that Gen-AI significantly improved college students’ academic achievement with a medium effect size (Hedges’s g = 0.533, 95% CI [0.408,0.659], p < .05). There were within-group differences in the three moderator variables, activity categories, sample size, and generated content, when the generated content was text ( g = 0.554, p < .05), and sample size of 21–40 ( g = 0.776, p < .05), the use of independent learning styles ( g = 0.600, p < .05) had the most significant improvement in college student’s academic achievement. The intervention duration, the discipline types, and the assessment tools also had a moderate positive impact on college students’ academic achievement, but there were no significant within-group differences in any of the moderating variables. This study provides a theoretical basis and empirical evidence for the scientific application of Gen-AI and the development of educational technology policy.
Predictive Analytics Supporting Labor Market Success: A Career Explorer for Job Seekers and Workforce Professionals in Michigan
Authors: O’Leary Christopher J. , Doyle Kevin , Damerow Ben , Kline Kenneth J. , Truesdale Beth C. , Orellana Salomon , Eberts Randall W. , Meyers Amy , Wilcoxson Anna , Powell Scott
Published: August 2024

Career Explorer provides customized career exploration tools for workforce development staff and job seekers in Michigan. There are two separate Career Explorer modules: a staff-mediated service and a self-service for job seekers. The system was developed by the Michigan Center for Data and Analytics in collaboration with the W.E. Upjohn Institute for Employment Research and Michigan Works! Southwest. It was funded by the U.S. Department of Labor's Office of Workforce Investment and the Schmidt Futures’ Data for the American Dream (D4AD) project. In this paper, the authors describe the machine learning models behind the predictive analytics of the frontline staff-mediated version of Career Explorer. These models were trained on program administrative data. Additionally, the authors describe the self-service version of Career Explorer, which provides clients with customized labor market information based on published U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics data. Career Explorer became an active feature of Michigan's online reemployment services system in June 2021.
Design of robust active suspension system for performance improvement and vibration control of railway vehicles: An H∞andμ-synthesis perspective
Authors: Nitish  , Singh Amit Kumar
Published: August 2024

The ride comfort of a high-speed railway vehicle is a significant factor in assessing its performance. Despite having sound suspension systems and efficient control algorithms, the suspension system performance deteriorates with time. Hence, in this paper, a robust active vibration control system used in railway vehicles has been proposed. For analysis, a 27-degree of freedom (DOF) model consisting of structured and unstructured uncertainties has been considered. Two different robust control techniques, [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]-synthesis integrated with the Kalman estimator, have been adopted. The robust stability and the robust performance of the proposed control strategies have been evaluated using the structured singular values. The time and frequency domains of the closed loop perturbed responses to random track disturbances are shown. The root mean square (RMS) values of the accelerations of the car bodies are used to compare the suggested control schemes to the passive system. The primary focus of this study is to examine the level of ride comfort provided by the railway vehicle. To achieve this, simulated findings are compared and verified against experimental data collected and reported by the Research Designs and Standards Organization (RDSO). The observational data demonstrates that the results obtained from the suggested control methods are in close agreement with the experimental findings, with a minimal disparity ranging from 2.36% to 8.81% for lateral motion and 2.84% to 6.30% for vertical motion. Also, the % improvement of RMS values with [Formula: see text]-synthesis controller confirms the enhancement of the ride comfort as compared to other techniques.
A review of carsickness mitigation: Navigating challenges and exploiting opportunities in the era of intelligent vehicles
Authors: Li Daofei , Yu Tingzhe , Tang Binbin
Published: August 2024

Motion sickness (MS) has long been a common complaint in road transportation. However, in the era of driving automation, MS has become an increasingly significant issue. The future intelligent vehicle is envisioned as a mobile space for work or entertainment, but unfortunately passengers’ engagement in non-driving tasks may exacerbate MS. Finding effective MS countermeasures is crucial to ensure a pleasant passenger experience. Nevertheless, due to the complex mechanism of MS, there are numerous challenges in mitigating it, hindering the development of practical countermeasures. To address this, we first review two prevalent theories explaining the mechanism of MS. Subsequently, this paper provides a summary of current subjective and objective approaches for quantifying motion sickness levels. Then, it surveys existing methods for alleviating MS, including passenger adjustment, intelligent vehicle solutions, and motion cues of various modalities. Furthermore, we outline the limitations and remaining challenges of current research and highlight novel opportunities in the context of intelligent vehicles. Finally, we propose an integrated framework for alleviating MS. The findings of this review will enhance our understanding of carsickness and offer valuable insights for future research and practice in MS mitigation within modern vehicles.
The autocrine action of salidroside on osteoclast during osteoclastogenesis via hypoxia-inducible factor-1α pathway
Authors: Jin Yutong , Li Zhengyang , Qi Lin , Zhang Lingling , Gao Dandan , Liu Haizhao , Cao Qingwen , Tian Chenchen , Xia Qun , Wang Yue
Published: August 2024

Background and objective

The objective of this study was to investigate the potential of salidroside (SAL) (a major active compound in Rhodiola rosea L.) in regulating osteoclast differentiation and function by modulating the HIF-1 α pathway and its downstream target genes.

Methods

The expression of HIF-1 α and its downstream target genes was examined at both mRNA and protein levels in osteoclasts treated with SAL. Immunofluorescence analysis was performed to assess the nuclear translocation and transcriptional activity of HIF-1 α in response to SAL. MTT, flow cytometry, qPCR, TRAP staining and bone resorption assays were used to evaluate the potential effect of salidroside on osteoclasts.

Results

SAL enhanced the expression of HIF-1 α and its downstream target genes in osteoclasts. Immunofluorescence analysis confirmed the facilitation of HIF-1 α nuclear translocation and transcriptional activity by SAL. In addition, SAL enhanced osteoclast viability, differentiation and bone resorption activity in an autocrine manner through HIF-1 α/VEGF, IL-6 and ANGPTL4 pathways.

Conclusion

SAL promotes osteoclast proliferation, differentiation and bone resorption through HIF-1 α/VEGF, IL-6 and ANGPTL4 pathways.
Targeting GPRC5D With Talquetamab: A New Frontier in Bispecific Antibody Therapy for Relapsed/Refractory Multiple Myeloma
Authors: Shaver Jacob , Horton Daniel , Halford Zachery
Published: August 2024

Objective:

To evaluate the pharmacology, clinical efficacy, safety, dosing, administration, and clinical implications of talquetamab-tgvs, a novel bispecific antibody, in the treatment of relapsed or refractory (R/R) multiple myeloma (MM).

Data Sources:

A comprehensive English-language literature search of PubMed and Clinicaltrials.gov from January 2000 to May 2024 was conducted using the terms talquetamab, Talvey, JNJ-64407564, and “Multiple Myeloma.”

Study Selection and Data Extraction:

Relevant clinical trials, guidelines, and prescribing information were systematically reviewed and analyzed.

Data Synthesis:

Talquetamab-tgvs received accelerated approval from the United States Food and Drug Administration based on results from the pivotal phase I/II MonumenTAL-1 clinical trial, which demonstrated an overall response rate of nearly 74% in key cohorts. The median progression-free survival was 7.5 months in the 0.4 mg/kg weekly dosing cohort and 11.9 months in the 0.8 mg/kg biweekly dosing cohort. Treatment-related adverse events (AEs) included cytokine release syndrome, skin- and nail-related AEs, dysgeusia, infections, and immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome.

Relevance to Patient Care and Clinical Practice:

As a first-in-class anti-GPRC5D T-cell-redirecting bispecific antibody, talquetamab-tgvs represents a compelling treatment option for patients with R/R MM who have received at least 4 prior lines of therapy. No head-to-head clinical trials have been conducted comparing talquetamab-tgvs to other T-cell-redirecting therapies.

Conclusions:

While talquetamab-tgvs showed significant efficacy in the pivotal MonumenTAL-1 trial, long-term safety and efficacy data are needed. Additional clinical trials are necessary to establish the optimal timing, sequencing, patient population, and overall role of talquetamab-tgvs in the rapidly evolving treatment landscape of R/R MM.
Teaching Equitable Couples Counseling: Using Role-Plays and Reflecting Teams in an Online Classroom
Authors: Branco Susan F. , Atchie Mackenzie , Sower Emma
Published: August 2024

We adapted previous descriptions on couples counseling experiential learning practices to an online classroom in counselor education. Specifically, we utilized two doctoral teaching assistants in a quarter-long couple role-play scenario and incorporated reflecting and co-counseling teams. The adapted strategies included attention to sociocultural aspects that addressed working with a queer couple among other salient identities. We offer the strengths and challenges of the approach and discuss implications for marriage, couple, and family counselor educators.
Dynamic response of a pipe conveying pulsating fluid under random vibration
Authors: Li Wei , Zhang Huailiang , Qu Wei , Liu Zihan , Yang Qingqing
Published: August 2024

This paper studies the dynamic response of a pipe conveying pulsating fluid under random vibration. Its nonlinear equation of motion is first developed using the method of Newton. The method of Galerkin is then used to discretize the equation of motion into a system of ordinary differential equations. Afterwards, the statistical moments and mean peak values of the displacement and velocity responses of the pipe are obtained using an efficient Monte Carlo simulation (MCS) method based on the explicit time-domain method (ETDM). Furthermore, the displacement-sensitive and velocity-sensitive locations of the pipe are obtained for different boundary conditions. The impacts of the fluid, random vibration, and structural parameters on the mean peak value of the dynamic response of the pipe are finally analyzed. The obtained results provide a reference for better understanding the dynamic characteristics of pulsating fluid transport pipes under random vibration and for accurately designing pipe structures.
Active and passive social media use: Relationships with body image in physically active men
Authors: Bell Chris , Cocks Adam J , Hills Laura , Kerner Charlotte
Published: August 2024

Little is known about how different types of engagement with social media (active vs passive) relate to body image in men. This study explored relationships between social media use (active and passive), body image, and drive for muscularity in physically active men. A questionnaire containing measures of body image (appearance valence, appearance salience), drive for muscularity, and social media use was completed by 224 men aged 18–50 years. Results showed a negative relationship between active social media use and appearance valence. Active and passive social media use were positively associated with drive for muscularity and appearance salience. Passive social media use was predictive of higher appearance salience and drive for muscularity in linear regression models. These findings suggest social media may be linked to body image and muscularity concerns in men.
Veins in the Lateral Fascial Compartment of the Calf
Authors: Liu Gaorui , Clarke Jillian , Mohan Irwin
Published: August 2024

Venous insufficiency mostly arises from valvular incompetence in the great saphenous vein (GSV) and small saphenous vein (SSV). However, non-saphenous reflux (NSR) remains relatively unexplored in clinical practice and ultrasound investigations. This study reports an uncommon anatomical finding and the associated venous reflux, which is believed to involve the peripheral nerve. A systematic database search was conducted to identify patients from our clinic previously diagnosed with an interfascial vein in the lateral calf compartment during duplex ultrasound examination. Subsequently, a questionnaire was distributed to those who volunteered to participate, collecting further demographic details and clinical information related to peripheral neuropathy of the calf. Ultrasound findings, including venous competency and diameter measurements, were included for data analysis. In total, 20 legs with an interfascial vein were identified from 19 patients between 2008 and 2022. Of the 6 patients who returned the questionnaire and provided consent for inclusion, 2 reported lateral calf pain in the lower calf. Calf numbness was noted in 2 patients, primarily affecting the upper and mid portions with 2 further patients reporting foot drop. Reflux flow in the interfascial vein was detected in 5 patients. Sonographic findings revealed interfascial vein diameters range from 1.1 to 4.0 mm, with a mean of 2.4 mm. The distance between the interfascial vein and SSV varied, with a mean of 36.3 mm. Based on topographic anatomy and reflux flow originating from sciatic nerve varices, we hypothesize that the interfascial vein identified in our patients likely represents the superficial peroneal nerve vein. This study sheds light on the existence of an interfascial vein in the lateral calf compartment and its role in producing lateral calf neuropathy.
Insulin-Related Suicides—3 Cases
Authors: Prahlow Joseph A. , Castor Marcel , Jones Prentiss
Published: August 2024

Insulin is a pancreas-produced hormone, which is essential for normal life. In persons with diabetes, who lack sufficient production of endogenous insulin, the availability of exogenously-produced and administered insulin represents an extremely valuable, life-preserving medical advancement. Unfortunately, as with many other medications, overdosage with insulin can and does occur, sometimes in an intentional suicidal manner. Another possible insulin-related suicidal action involves the intentional cessation of insulin therapy by someone who relies on insulin for survival. In this case series, we present 3 cases of insulin-related suicides, including two related to intentional insulin overdose and one where a known diabetic purposefully stopped taking insulin in order to commit suicide.
Approach and Conquer: Optimizing Fear Extinction by Adding Approach?
Authors: Carpentier Naomi , Scheveneels Sara , Hermans Dirk
Published: August 2024

Exposure treatment involves systematic confrontation with fear-inducing stimuli, effectively reducing fear and anxiety. However, a significant number of clients still experience a return of fear (ROF) after treatment. This study investigates whether incorporating an approach component during fear extinction, a laboratory exposure analog, could mitigate this return of fear. Furthermore, we explored the underlying mechanisms by drawing on predictions from the inhibitory learning theory and the reflective-impulsive model of behavior. In a within-subjects design, we compared instructed active approach of a stimulus during extinction to more passive non-avoidance. Contrary to expectations, our findings revealed that performing approach behavior during extinction did not reduce ROF when compared to non-avoidance. Furthermore, valence and action tendencies, which were potential mechanisms based on the reflective-impulsive model of behavior, remained unaltered. Still, a noteworthy discovery emerged in the form of increased threat expectancies for the approached stimulus during extinction, suggesting a heightened level of expectancy violation, as predicted on the basis of the inhibitory learning theory. These findings offer valuable insights into the intricate relationship between approach behavior, ROF, and underlying mechanisms, highlighting the need for further research to assess the potential benefits of emphasizing approach in exposure treatment.
Evaluation of the accuracy and quality of ChatGPT-4 responses for hyperparathyroidism patients discussed at multidisciplinary endocrinology meetings
Authors: Taşkaldıran Işılay , Emir Önder Çağatay , Gökbulut Püren , Koç Gönül , Kuşkonmaz Şerife Mehlika
Published: August 2024

Purpose

Chat Generative Pre-trained Transformer (ChatGPT) is now utilized in various fields of healthcare in order to obtain answers to questions related to healthcare-related problems and to evaluate available information. Primary hyperparathyroidism is a common endocrine disorder. We aimed to evaluate the accuracy and quality of ChatGPT's responses to questions specific to hyperparathyroidism cases discussed at multidisciplinary endocrinology meetings.

Methods

ChatGPT-4 was asked to respond to 10 hyperparathyroidism cases evaluated at multidisciplinary endocrinology meetings. The accuracy, completeness, and quality of the responses were scored independently by two endocrinologists. Accuracy and completeness were evaluated on the Likert scale, and quality was evaluated on the global quality scale (GQS).

Results

No misleading information was detected in the responses. In terms of diagnosis, the mean accuracy scores (ranging from 1 to 5) were 4.9 ± 0.1 and the mean completeness scores (ranging from 1 to 3) were 3.0. In the responses given in terms of further examination, the mean accuracy and completeness scores were 4.8 ± 0.13 and 2.6 ± 0.16, respectively. The mean accuracy and completeness scores for treatment recommendations were 4.9 ± 0.1 and 2.4 ± 0.16, respectively. The GQS evaluation result was 80% high quality and 20% medium quality.

Conclusion

In this study, the accuracy and quality rates of ChatGPT-4 were generally high in responding to questions as to hyperparathyroidism patients. It can be concluded that artificial intelligence may serve as a valuable tool in healthcare. However, the limitations and risks of ChatGPT should also be evaluated.
Women governors in the United States use more communal language than male governors in their State of the State addresses and tweets and achieve greater policy success
Authors: Alaimo Kara
Published: August 2024

This study draws on framing theory to argue that the language used by women politicians may make them more effective in achieving their goals. Large numbers of voters around the world perceive men to be more effective political leaders than women. However, this study of the communications of women and male governors in the United States finds that the opposite is true and that women governors emphasize cooperation and compromise much more when communicating, which could be a factor in their greater efficacy. An analysis of 1,088 policy proposals made by governors in their State of the State addresses finds that women enacted their proposals into law at 1.2 times the rate of their male counterparts. An analysis also finds that, between March 2020 and February 2021, states with women governors had significantly fewer excess deaths due to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and significantly lower unemployment rates than states with male governors. Analyses of speeches and tweets by governors find that women governors use significantly more communal, cooperative language than their male counterparts, and these frames might catalyze more communal behavior by partners and constituents and thereby help explain their greater efficacy.
Assessment of mechanical and tribological behavior of Mg-4Zn-1RE-0.7Zr alloy: Novel mixture of Si3N4/TiC/MoS2 utilizing casting technique
Authors: Venkatrao S , Vinod B , Baburao P , Ravindraiah R , Vemanaboina Harinadh , Paramasivam Prabhu
Published: August 2024

In the modern era, manufacturers aim for their parts to possess a sleek finish and increased durability to ensure continued functionality. Both the automotive and aerospace industries are actively seeking new materials and methodologies to enhance the surface quality of components during the preparation process and make the most of available resources. Employing casting, advanced techniques, and new materials is crucial for achieving this goal. Industries commonly utilize alloys and composite materials in the production of their components. This study focuses on magnesium composite Mg-4Zn-1RE-0.7Zr alloy to find the influence of varying three different reinforcement particles on mechanical properties and wear rate. An attempt was made to choose a constant 5% Si3N4 as the primary reinforcement and 2.5% to 7.5% of TiC/MoS2 as the secondary reinforcement, respectively. The samples of magnesium hybrid composites are prepared using a centrifugal casting process. The ZE 41 alloy/5% (TiC-MoS2)/5%Si3N4 has a high tensile strength of 942 MPa. In addition, 5% TiC/5% MoS2 with 5% Si3N4 composite has enhanced hardness, which is beneficial for transmission in aircraft like Boeing 727 and die-casting fittings in automobile applications.
Triptolide-induced cuproptosis is a novel antitumor strategy for the treatment of cervical cancer
Authors: Xiao Yanxia , Yin Jiameng , Liu Pu , Zhang Xin , Lin Yajun , Guo Jun
Published: August 2024

Background

Cuproptosis is a unique copper-dependent form of cell death that is highly correlated with the metabolic state of cells. Triptolide exerts pharmacological activity by altering the regulation of metal ions. Cuproptosis is poorly understood in cancer, so in this study, we explored whether triptolide could induce cuproptosis in cervical cancer cells.

Methods

The human cervical cancer cell lines HeLa and SiHa, which primarily rely on oxidative phosphorylation, were treated with triptolide. Cell viability, proliferation and migration, copper levels and cuproptosis-related protein levels were evaluated in these cell lines. The copper ion chelator tetrathiomolybdate (TTM) was administered to determine whether it could reverse the cuproptosis induced by triptolide. In addition, a nude mouse cervical cancer xenograft model was established to determine the effects of triptolide on cuproptosis in isolated tumor tissues.

Results

The copper concentration increased with triptolide treatment. The levels of cuproptosis -related proteins, such as FDX1, LIAS, and DLAT, in the HeLa and SiHa cell lines decreased with triptolide treatment. XIAP, the target of triptolide, played a role in cuproptosis by regulating COMMD1. The level of copper exporters (ATP7A/B) decreased, but the level of the copper importer (CTR1) did not change with triptolide treatment. Furthermore, triptolide inhibited cervical cancer growth and induced cuproptosis in vivo.

Conclusions

In summary, we report a new antitumor mechanism by which triptolide disrupted intracellular copper homeostasis and induced cuproptosis in cervical cancer by regulating the XIAP/COMMD1/ATP7A/B axis.
Insights into critical urban pedestrian dynamics: an observational study spotlighting a small sample of blind pedestrians and electric vehicles
Authors: Oliveira Anna Beatriz Espíndola de , Bastos Silva Ana Maria César , Ribeiro Anabela Salgueiro Narciso
Published: August 2024

Observational studies, whether conducted on-site or through simulation, are practical options for investigating and comprehending pedestrian behaviour and validating the findings of similar studies that have already taken place on the same subject. Although they present difficulties in demographic characterisation and personal context, observation represents the adoption of actual behaviour, highlighting the different scenarios, contexts and characteristics of the environment and infrastructure in urban areas. However, with the growth in simulators, surveys, and data protection issues in Europe, field observation is less considered, and several studies have been left aside. Based on observation, this study answers behavioural and demographic questions, namely age and gender, using the data of six pedestrian crossings in Coimbra, Portugal. This experience occurred on different days of the week (the week before lockdown), registering blind (and non-blind) pedestrians' behaviour facing the electric vehicle in 6 crosswalks, 30 min in each crosswalk, morning or afternoon, with favourable weather conditions outside peak hours In total 180 (30*6) minutes were filmed and evaluated. The relationships between responsibility (when one pedestrian is guided by another) and group action in decision-making and crossing behaviour were also investigated. Another relevant aspect studied was the relationship between pedestrians and electric vehicles in different contexts. During the research, an electric vehicle was inserted in the observational experience, circulating in the streets to observe the pedestrians' reaction to the absence of noise. In this context, blind pedestrians were invited to perform crossings in these areas and identify the presence of the electric vehicle, to identify some differences in the behaviour of blind pedestrians and non-blind pedestrians. The results indicate that blind pedestrians tend to be more cautious than non-blind pedestrians, that younger and elderly pedestrians tend to have more dangerous and less calculated behaviours than other road users and that the differences are more perceptible in age than gender. It should be noted that when in a group, especially adolescents, they commit more traffic errors. Furthermore, regarding the absence of noise associated with the electric vehicle, in moments of pedestrian distraction, if the driver is not attentive, there is an increase in the risk of accidents.
Severe bronchiectasis is associated with increased carotid intima-media thickness
Authors: Kwok Wang Chun , Lau Kui Kai , Teo Kay Cheong , Leung Sze Him Isaac , Tsui Chung Ki , Hsu Matthew S.S. , Pijarnvanit Kkts , Cheung Carman Nga-Man , Chow Yick Hin , Ho James Chung Man
Published: August 2024

Background

Although bronchiectasis has been shown to be associated with cardiovascular disease, there is limited evidence of an association with subclinical atherosclerosis, especially carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT).

Methods

This prospective study compared CIMT among patients with and without bronchiectasis, and among bronchiectatic patients classified according to disease severity using the FACED score. The study was carried out at a major regional hospital and tertiary respiratory referral centre in Hong Kong.

Results

Total 155 Chinese patients with non-cystic fibrosis (CF) bronchiectasis and 512 controls were recruited. The mean CIMT was 0.58 ± 0.10 mm, 0.63 ± 0.11 mm and 0.66 ± 0.08 mm respectively among controls, patients with mild-to-moderate bronchiectasis and patients with severe bronchiectasis. There was no statistically significant difference in CIMT between patients with mild-to-moderate bronchiectasis and controls. Multivariate linear regression revealed that CIMT was significantly increased in patients with severe bronchiectasis relative to controls. The same phenomenon was observed among patients without a history of cardiovascular disease or cardiovascular risk factors.

Conclusions

CIMT was significantly increased in patients with severe bronchiectasis compared with controls without bronchiectasis, but not among patients with mild-to-moderate bronchiectasis, which suggested the subclinical atherosclerosis to be more prevalent among patients with severe bronchiectasis.
Insights from a community-based survey on factors influencing acceptance and uptake of Paxlovid (nirmatrelvir and ritonavir) as a COVID-19 antiviral medication in Singapore
Authors: Soh Sheng En Alexius Matthias , Ong Wei Ling Brenda , Thein Tun-Linn , Griva Konstadina , Chen I.-Cheng Mark
Published: August 2024

Introduction

Antiviral treatment can reduce the burden of COVID-19. But utilisation can be suboptimal, even in a setting like Singapore where it is fully subsidized for those with selected medical conditions and older adults (≥ 50 years). We hence investigated the factors affecting awareness, acceptance, and initiative to request Paxlovid.

Methods

We assessed the Paxlovid awareness, factors impacting its uptake in a survey conducted from August 2022 to September 2022 through the SOCRATES cohort. Multivariable logistic regression was used to investigate associations between sociodemographics, perceptions, and attitudes with the key study outcomes.

Results

Among respondents to the Paxlovid survey, 54% were aware of Paxlovid. On being provided essential details about Paxlovid, 75% reported they would likely be receptive to taking it if prescribed, and 38% indicated the initiative to request for it if it was not suggested by their doctors. Factors associated with awareness of Paxlovid include aged 40 years old and above, higher education, citing websites as an information source, greater trust in healthcare providers (aOR: 1.65, 95% CI 1.26 – 2.15) and government communications (aOR: 0.69, 95% CI 0.55 – 0.86), and higher perceived risk of COVID-19 infection (aOR: 1.25, 95% CI 1.10 – 1.42). Factors associated with acceptance to take Paxlovid include male gender, citing trust in healthcare providers (aOR: 1.49, 95% CI 1.11 – 1.99) and government communications (aOR: 1.38, 95% CI 1.09 – 1.76), and higher perceived severity of COVID-19 (aOR: 1.23, 95% CI 1.07 – 1.42). Factors associated with initiative to request Paxlovid include male gender, having pre-existing diabetes and higher perceived severity of COVID-19 (aOR: 1.24, 95% CI 1.09 – 1.40). The most common reasons for why respondents might not take Paxlovid were concerns about side effects (64%), concerns about costs (29%), and the perception that COVID-19 is a mild (25%).

Conclusion

The majority of our respondents would take Paxlovid if it was prescribed to them, but a much smaller proportion would have the initiative to request for this. Key factors that may influence uptake are COVID-19 threat perceptions, trust in healthcare and government, and perceptions of the drug’s side effects and cost.
Web-based objective and structured assessment of point-of-care lung ultrasound skills in resource-limited settings
Authors: Suttels Veronique , Chichignoud Ines , Wachinou Prudence Ablo , Du Toit Jacques Daniel , Mans Pierre-André , Blanco Juan Manuel , Agodokpessi Gildas , Brahier Thomas , Hartley Mary-Anne , Garcia Elena , Boillat-Blanco Noémie
Published: August 2024

Background

Objective assessment of skills after training is essential for safe implementation of lung point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS). In low-and middle-income countries (LMIC) there is a need for assessment tools without onsite experts to scale up POCUS access. Our objective is to develop a web-based assessment tool and evaluate trainees across different countries and at different time points after initial lung POCUS training.

Methods

We adapted the objective and validated lung ultrasound score (LUS-OSAUS) to a web-based tool with quiz and practical skills test. Trainees were evaluated after a short (4-day) standardized lung POCUS training and were classified in distinct groups according to (i) their geographical location (Benin vs. South-Africa) and (ii) time elapsed since training (Benin 0 months vs. Benin 6 months). The Benin 6 months group had minimal continuous education. Skills test images were read by two blinded experts. We report the overall success rates and then compare these rates based on location and timing since training, using the Fischer’s exact test.

Results

A total of 35 out of 43 participants completed the online LUS-OSAUS quiz and skills test. The overall success rate was 0.84 (95%CI 0.80–0.88), with lower success rates for “correct depth” 0.54 (0.37–0.71), “correct assessment of pleura” 0.63 (0.45–0.79) and “conclusion” 0.71 (0.54–0.85). There were no differences based on location, with respective rates of 0.86 (0.80–0.92) and 0.83 (0.75–0.91) (p-value = 0.125) for Benin and South Africa at 0 months, respectively. Similarly, there were no differences according to timing with success rates of 0.86 (0.80–0.92) and 0.82 (0.72–0.93) (p-value = 0.563) for Benin at 0 months and 6 months, respectively.

Conclusion

Web-based objective and structured assessment of lung POCUS skills in LMIC following a short-standardized training is feasible and has a good overall success rate with consistent results across regions and up to 6 months after training given minimal continuous education. Overall, technical and POCUS-based clinical conclusion skills are the most difficult to acquire.
Deep learning for automatic calcium detection in echocardiography
Authors: Elvas Luís B. , Gomes Sara , Ferreira João C. , Rosário Luís Brás , Brandão Tomás
Published: August 2024

Cardiovascular diseases are the main cause of death in the world and cardiovascular imaging techniques are the mainstay of noninvasive diagnosis. Aortic stenosis is a lethal cardiac disease preceded by aortic valve calcification for several years. Data-driven tools developed with Deep Learning (DL) algorithms can process and categorize medical images data, providing fast diagnoses with considered reliability, to improve healthcare effectiveness. A systematic review of DL applications on medical images for pathologic calcium detection concluded that there are established techniques in this field, using primarily CT scans, at the expense of radiation exposure. Echocardiography is an unexplored alternative to detect calcium, but still needs technological developments. In this article, a fully automated method based on Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) was developed to detect Aortic Calcification in Echocardiography images, consisting of two essential processes: (1) an object detector to locate aortic valve – achieving 95% of precision and 100% of recall; and (2) a classifier to identify calcium structures in the valve – which achieved 92% of precision and 100% of recall. The outcome of this work is the possibility of automation of the detection with Echocardiography of Aortic Valve Calcification, a lethal and prevalent disease.
The green approach of chitosan/Fe2O3/ZnO-nanocomposite synthesis with an evaluation of its biological activities
Authors: Al-Rajhi Aisha M. H. , Abdelghany Tarek M. , Almuhayawi Mohammed S. , Alruhaili Mohammed H. , Al Jaouni Soad K. , Selim Samy
Published: August 2024

Biopolymers embedded with nanoparticles of metal oxides (MOs) demonstrate a wide range of bio-functions. Chitosan-incorporated MOs are an interesting class of support matrices for enhancing the biological function, compared to other support matrices. Therefore, the importance of this study lies in exploiting chitosan as a carrier not of one metal as in previous studies, but of two metals in the form of a nanocomposite to carry out several biological functions. The coprecipitation approach was employed to synthesize chitosan/Fe2O3/ZnO-nanocomposite in the present research. The characterization of chitosan/Fe2O3/ZnO-nanocomposite was performed to find out the morphology and dispersion properties of chitosan/Fe2O3/ZnO-nanocomposite. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) investigation revealed that these were crystalline. Fourier transforms infrared (FTIR) spectrum bands were viewed at 400/cm and 900/cm, due to the stretching vibration of Fe and Zn oxygen bond. TEM showed that chitosan/Fe2O3/ZnO-nanocomposite was of 20–95 nm in size. chitosan/Fe2O3/ZnO-nanocomposite exhibited inhibitory potential against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, and Candida albicans with inhibition zones of 25 ± 0.1, 28 ± 0.2, 27 ± 0.1, and 27 ± 0.2 mm, respectively while didn’t inhibited Aspergillus niger. MIC value of nanocomposite was 15.62 ± 0.33 µg/mL for C. albicans, B. subtilis and E. coli, while it was 62.50 ± 0.66 µg/mL for Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Ranged values of nanocomposite MBC (15.62 ± 0.33 to 125 ± 1 µg/mL) were attributed to all tested bacteria. Different concentrations of chitosan/Fe2O3/ZnO-nanocomposite MBC (25, 50, and 75%) reflected anti-biofilm activity against E. coli (85.0, 93.2, and 96.0%), B. subtilis (84.88, 92.21, and 96.99%), S. aureus 81.64, 90.52, and 94.64%) and P. aurogenosa (90.11, 94.43, and 98.24%), respectively. The differences in the levels of antimicrobial activities may depend on the type of examined microbes. Antioxidant activity of chitosan/Fe2O3/ZnO-nanocomposite was recorded with excellent IC50 values of 16.06 and 32.6 µg/mL using DPPH and ABTS scavenging, respectively. Wound heal by chitosan/Fe2O3/ZnO-nanocomposite was achieved with 100% compared to the untreated cells (76.75% of wound closer). The cytotoxicity outcomes showed that the IC50 of the chitosan/Fe2O3/ZnO-nanocomposite was 564.32 ± 1.46 µg/mL normal WI-38 cells. Based on the achieved findings, the chitosan/Fe2O3/ZnO-nanocomposite is a very promising agent for perform pharmacological activities.
The relationship between socioeconomic status, medical accessibility, hope and psychological resilience of caregivers of children with chronic kidney disease in China: structural equation model
Authors: Shi Lin , Tang Wenyi , Zhang Hengci , Zhang Yunzhi , Yang Haiping , Wu Daoqi , Li Xiaoqin , Liu Lu , Liu Lijie , Chen Xuelan , Wang Mo
Published: August 2024

Background

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is the third most common cause of death after cancer and heart disease. The continuous treatment of children with CKD was greatly challenged during the COVID-19 pandemic, which significantly impacted the CKD children’s prognosis and the caregivers’ psychological status. However, the influence mechanism of socioeconomic status, medical delay duration, traffic pressure, and online consultation duration on caregivers’ hope and psychological resilience still lacks relevant evidence.

Methods

This study investigated the general social information, hope, and psychological resilience of 247 caregivers with CKD in 13 provinces of China in March 2020. Factor analysis and an exploratory Structural Equation Model ( SEM ) were used to find the best-fit model, and Bootstrapping was used to calculate the 95% CI of indirect effects.

Results

The factor analysis obtained four common factors, namely, socioeconomic status (annual family income, education, and career stability), medical accessibility (online consultation duration, medical delay duration, and traffic pressure), hope (positive attitude, positive action, and intimate relationship) and psychological resilience (optimism, tenacity, and strength), with the cumulative contribution rate of 65.34%. Bootstrapping obtains the socioeconomic status β = 0.30 (95% CI [0.14, 0.47], P = 0.002), medical accessibility β = 0.31 (95% CI [0.12, 0.47], P = 0.002), and hope β = 0.40 (95% CI [0.27, 0.52], P = 0.002) has a direct impact on psychological resilience of CKD children caregivers, followed by medical accessibility β = 0.20 (95% CI [0.10, 0.38], P = 0.001) and hope β = 0.23 (95% CI [0.16, 0.32], P = 0.001) plays a mediating role between socioeconomic status and psychological resilience. The indirect impact effect β = 0.35 (95% CI [0.25, 0.50], P = 0.001) is greater than the direct impact effect β = 0.30 (95% CI [0.14, 0.47], P = 0.002).

Conclusions

Sufficient attention should still be given to children with immunodeficiency after the COVID-19 pandemic, such as CKD, to avoid infection of deadly. Secondly, the government should vigorously develop Primary medical institutions to ensure efficient treatment of severe patients in tertiary hospitals; Finally, the professional literacy of medical workers in remote diagnosis and treatment should be improved to enhance the country’s emergency response capacity for similar major public events and the requirements for normalised epidemic prevention and control.