bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
DNA Methylation Carries Signatures of Sublethal Effects Under Thermal Stress in Loggerhead Sea Turtles
Authors: Yen Eugenie C. , Gilbert James D. , Balard Alice , Afonso Inês O. , Fairweather Kirsten , Newlands Débora , Lopes Artur , Correia Sandra M. , Taxonera Albert , Rossiter Stephen J. , Martín‐Durán José M. , Eizaguirre Christophe
Published: September 2024

To date, studies of the impacts of climate warming on individuals and populations have mostly focused on mortality and thermal tolerance. In contrast, much less is known about the consequences of sublethal effects, which are more challenging to detect, particularly in wild species with cryptic life histories. This necessitates the development of molecular tools to identify their signatures. In a split‐clutch field experiment, we relocated clutches of wild, nesting loggerhead sea turtles (Caretta caretta) to an in situ hatchery. Eggs were then split into two sub‐clutches and incubated under shallow or deep conditions, with those in the shallow treatment experiencing significantly higher temperatures in otherwise natural conditions. Although no difference in hatching success was observed between treatments, hatchlings from the shallow, warmer treatment had different length–mass relationships and were weaker at locomotion tests than their siblings incubated in the deep, cooler treatment. To characterise the molecular signatures of these thermal effects, we performed whole genome bisulfite sequencing on blood samples collected upon emergence. We identified 287 differentially methylated sites between hatchlings from different treatments, including on genes with neurodevelopmental, cytoskeletal, and lipid metabolism functions. Taken together, our results show that higher incubation temperatures induce sublethal effects in hatchlings, which are reflected in their DNA methylation status at identified sites. These sites could be used as biomarkers of thermal stress, especially if they are retained across life stages. Overall, this study suggests that global warming reduces hatchling fitness, which has implications for dispersal capacity and ultimately a population's adaptive potential. Conservation efforts for these endangered species and similar climate‐threatened taxa will therefore benefit from strategies for monitoring and mitigating exposure to temperatures that induce sublethal effects.
Profiles of racial discussions and associations with parent sociocultural factors and internalized racism in Asian American families
Authors: Kim Sei Eun , Hunt Emily , Tsai William , Huang Cindy Y.
Published: September 2024

While Asian American parents are key contributors in racially socializing their children, past research indicates that issues of race are not frequently discussed among Asian American families. Moreover, there is limited research on how Asian American parents' sociocultural factors predict the amount and ways they talk about race to their children. We conducted latent profile analyses among 150 Asian American parents' (Mage = 42.36, range = 26–65 years) racial discussions, and the profiles' association with parents' sociocultural factors (i.e., enculturation, acculturation, internalized racism, collectivism, and loss of face) were examined. Four distinct profiles were identified with distinct levels of awareness of discrimination, avoidance of outgroups, minimization of race, and promotion of equality messages. Findings underscore the importance of Asian American parents engaging in nuanced racial discussions with their children, highlighting the need for culturally responsive interventions, educational programs, and policy initiatives to support families in navigating complex racial landscapes and fostering positive youth outcomes.
Stevens‐Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis‐like eruptions in patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors: a systematic review
Authors: Akpala Christeebella O. , Erfani Yassaman J. , Young Jordan , Saeidi Vahide , Todd Austin , Chelf Cynthia , Philips Elizabeth J. , Alavi Afsaneh
Published: September 2024

Background

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have transformed cancer treatment by targeting immune checkpoints such as PD‐1, PDL‐1, and CTLA‐4, but concerns about severe immune‐related adverse events persist. The scarcity of literature on dermatologic implications, especially severe reactions such as Stevens‐Johnson syndrome (SJS) and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN), highlights the urgent need for investigation.

Objective

Our systematic review aims to address the gap in relevant literature by extensively examining the epidemiologic risk factors and management of SJS/TEN‐like illnesses in ICI‐treated patients to provide insights for risk assessment and clinical care.

Methods

We identified 158 case reports that detailed the incidence of SJS/TEN in patients being treated with ICIs, examining demographic patterns, type of malignancy, clinical characteristics, and treatments linked to onset. We assessed mortality rates, risk elements, and the effectiveness of interventions to help guide clinical care.

Results

Analysis of 158 case reports revealed that SJS/TEN in ICI users is typically seen on average at the age of 63 and is more common in males. PD1 inhibitors such as nivolumab and pembrolizumab are often associated with various mucocutaneous patterns and significant risks with ICI use, especially TEN, which is linked to high morbidity and mortality rates.

Limitations

Our study notes limitations due to the inclusion of case reports or case series, such as potential publication and reporting biases, leading to skewed findings. Additionally, because of the heterogeneous reporting standards, the retrospective nature limits phenotypic precision, control for confounding variables, and data completeness.

Conclusion

Our study provides valuable insights into the epidemiology, clinical features, management strategies, and outcomes of ICI‐induced SJS/TEN, underscoring the importance of vigilant monitoring and personalized risk assessment in oncology practice. Continued research efforts are essential to optimize patient outcomes and enhance the safety profile of ICIs in cancer therapy.
Navigating the transition to Principal Investigator
Authors: de la Fuente Alerie G
Published: September 2024

As the result of many years of training, becoming a Principal Investigator (PI) is an exciting but also stressful and intimidating career transition step. While navigating this transition we quickly find out that the skills we have crafted throughout our scientific training do not necessarily cover those required to successfully run a research group. Although there is not a common path to ensure success for all new PIs, many of us encounter similar hurdles. The aim of this article is to reflect on my recent experience and mistakes 2 years after initiating this transition, in the hope of highlighting some key aspects that may be beneficial for future new PIs.
Latent Profiles of Fear of Cancer Recurrence in Breast Cancer Patients of Reproductive Age and Associations With Reproductive Concerns
Authors: Liu Cuiting , Chen Liangying , Zheng Jiansheng , Yu Xuefen , Gao Huiting , Qiu Lijuan , Liu Cuiping
Published: September 2024

Aim

To identify distinct profiles of fear of cancer recurrence (FCR) among breast cancer patients of reproductive age, investigate the relationship between these profiles and reproductive concerns and explore potential risk factors encompassing sociodemographic, clinical and reproductive characteristics.

Design

A cross‐sectional study was conducted from January 2022 to September 2022.

Methods

A convenience sample of 210 reproductive‐aged breast cancer patients completed a questionnaire that included a general information section, the Fear of Progression Questionnaire‐Short Form (FoP‐Q‐SF) and the Reproductive Concerns After Cancer Scale (RCAC). Latent profile analysis was conducted using the scores of the 12 items from the FoP‐Q‐SF as explicit variables, while univariate and multiple logistic regression analyses were employed for statistical analysis.

Results

Three latent variables were identified: low FCR‐stable group (27.6%), moderate FCR‐uneasy group (17.2%) and high FCR‐intense group (55.2%). This study found that FCR was predicted by age, education level, cancer stage, chemotherapy and fertility intention. Furthermore, patients with heightened reproductive concerns exhibited a higher likelihood of belonging to the high FCR‐intense group.

Conclusion

These findings indicate that FCR varies among breast cancer patients of reproductive age and demonstrates individual differences.

Implication

Early identification of FCR patterns in patients is crucial for medical professionals, with particular attention given to those in the high‐intensity FCR group. Tailored prevention and care strategies should be implemented based on the unique characteristics and influencing factors associated with different potential categories of FCR among patients of childbearing age with breast cancer.

Patient or Public Contribution

No patient or public contribution.
Dual Caregiving and Mental Health Among Long‐Term Care Nursing Assistants: The Moderating Role of Social Support
Authors: Liu Yen‐Ling , Pien Li‐Chung , Liu Guang‐Hsing , Chen Tsung‐Po , Lin Yun‐Ping , Lin Cheng‐Li , Cheng Wan‐Ju
Published: September 2024

Aim

To investigate the association of long‐term care nursing assistants' dual caregiving roles with mental health and to determine whether social support moderates this relationship.

Design

A cross‐sectional survey.

Methods

We surveyed 962 certified long‐term care nursing assistants working in long‐term care and medical facilities across Taiwan from October 2022 to July 2023. ‘Dual caregiving roles’ denote the fulfilment of caregiving duties both at work and within families. Mental health was evaluated using the 5‐item Brief Symptom Rating Scale. Logistic regression analysis was utilized to investigate the association of dual caregiving roles and psychological job demands with poor mental health. Moreover, we explored whether family, colleague, and supervisor support moderated the association between dual caregiving roles and poor mental health.

Results

Among long‐term care nursing assistants, 15% had dual caregiving responsibilities. Individuals with both dual caregiving roles and high psychological job demands faced the highest risk of poor mental health compared to those without dual caregiving roles and low psychological job demands. Having dual caregiving roles was associated with poor mental health compared to workers without such roles. Additionally, support from family, colleagues, and supervisors mitigates the association between caregivers' dual caregiving roles and poor mental health.

Conclusion

A substantial proportion of long‐term care nursing assistants had dual caregiving roles, leading to an additional mental health burden when combined with high psychological job demands. High social support attenuated this association.

Implications for the Profession

Long‐term care nursing assistants with dual caregiving roles had poorer mental health outcomes. Yet, support from family, colleagues, and supervisors mitigated these effects. These results emphasize the importance of enhancing social support to protect the mental well‐being of long‐term care nursing assistants managing both formal and informal caregiving duties.

Reporting Method

This study adheres to the STROBE guideline of reporting.

Patient or Public Contribution

No Patient or Public Contribution.
A Cross‐Sectional Study Exploring the Impact of Violence on Healthcare Employees' Work Engagement and Meaningful Work
Authors: Tiryaki Sen Hanife , Sahin Safiye , Polat Nimet
Published: September 2024

Aim

This study aims to determine the prevalence of workplace violence against healthcare professionals and its effects on work engagement and meaningful work in healthcare settings.

Design

This study is designed as an analytical cross‐sectional study.

Methods

This study surveyed 676 healthcare professionals in Turkiye between June and December 2022, using face‐to‐face and online methods. Scales measured exposure to and witnessing violence, work engagement, and meaningful work. The study has adhered to STROBE guidelines. Statistical analyses included descriptive, correlation, and linear regression.

Results

According to the results, shouting and cursing by patients and their companions were determined as the most common type of violence encountered by healthcare professionals. The effect of healthcare professionals' exposure to violence from patients' companion on work engagement and witnessing to violence from colleagues on meaningful work were found to be negative and significant.

Discussion

The findings emphasise the urgent need for interventions addressing workplace violence against healthcare professionals. Since workplace violence significantly reduces work engagement and the sense of meaningful work in healthcare setting.

Impact

By highlighting the prevalence of workplace violence and its negative impact on both work engagement and meaningful work in healthcare setting, this study provides critical evidence for policymakers and healthcare administrators.

Patient or Public Contribution

The participants in this study were healthcare professionals who had direct contact with patients and their relatives.
Bridging the Gap Rather Than Filling the Entire Valley—Anatomic Insights When Treating the Medial Infraorbital Region
Authors: Bernardini Francesco P. , Skippen Brent , Cetto Raul , Calomeni Mariana , Cotofana Sebastian , Urso Simone Ugo , Paternostro Ferdinando , Hartstein Morris E.
Published: September 2024

Background

The treatment of the medial infraorbital region also termed the tear trough has become increasingly popular by the use of soft tissue fillers in a minimally invasive approach using a cannula.

Methods

A total of 246 tear troughs were injected and investigated originating from 123 study participants. The clinical outcome was evaluated 6 months after the treatment by independent observers based on standardized frontal images and the procedure was documented by ultrasound imaging.

Results

On average, 0.26 (0.1) cc [range: 0.08–0.32] of soft tissue filler material was injected per tear trough. Tear trough depth was before the treatment rated as 2.12 (0.4), whereas after the treatment it was 1.15 (0.4) (p < 0.001). Hyperpigmentation score was 2.19 (0.4) before the treatment, whereas after the treatment it was 1.31 (0.5) (p < 0.001). Intraorbital fat pseudo‐prolapse severity was rated before the treatment 1.88 (0.7), whereas it was rated after the treatment 1.14 (0.3) (p < 0.001). Wrinkle severity of the lower eyelid was rated before the treatment 1.51 (0.6), whereas it was rated after the treatment 1.12 (0.3) (p < 0.001).

Conclusion

The results of this retrospectively investigated case series revealed that the conducted injection technique for treating the tear trough for medial infraorbital hollowing with a cannula provided statistically significant clinical improvement with a limited adverse events profile. The technique utilized an injection approach which was perpendicularly oriented to the longitudinal axis of the tear trough thereby “bridging the gap instead of filling the entire valley.”
Temperature fluctuations, climate uncertainty, and financing hindrance
Authors: Wu Qingyang , Shahbaz Muhammad , Kyriakou Ioannis
Published: September 2024

Undesirable temperature fluctuations pose significant financial risks for enterprises. By merging fine‐grained meteorological data with a panel of publicly listed firms, we delve into the relationship between temperature volatility and financing constraints. Our analysis reveals a positive correlation between temperature fluctuations and increasingly stringent financing limitations. State‐owned or large‐scale enterprises endowed with greater resources and risk diversification mechanisms are more likely to counteract the adverse effects of temperature volatility. Furthermore, we furnish evidence indicating that temperature fluctuations exert a substantial influence on corporate labor productivity. In response, companies tend to expand their workforce and elevate wages during the fiscal year. Faced with dwindling income and escalating operational costs, enterprises significantly amplify their insurance expenditures. The pronounced escalation in default risk and borrowing costs could undermine investors' sanguine profit expectations, subsequently prompting declines in firms' price‐to‐earnings and price‐to‐book ratios. Our study underscores the imperative for executive management teams to prudently account for climate change‐induced financing constraints when devising investment and production strategies.
‘I Think the First Priority is Physically Safe First, Before You Can Actually Get Psychologically Safe’: Staff Perspectives on Psychological Safety in Inpatient Mental Health Settings
Authors: Vogt Katharina Sophie , Baker John , Morys‐Edge Matthew , Kendal Sarah , Mizen Emily , Johnson Judith
Published: September 2024

Introduction

While the concept of psychological safety has been gaining momentum, research concerning psychological safety in inpatient mental health wards is lacking.

Aim

To investigate how psychological safety is conceptualised by healthcare staff in inpatient mental health units, and what barriers and facilitators exist.

Method

Reflexive Thematic Analysis was used to analyse 12 interviews.

Results

Participants conceptualised psychological safety as feeling safe from physical harm, being able to develop meaningful relationships and feeling valued at work. Participants often did not feel physically safe at work, which led them to feel psychologically unsafe. Barriers to psychological safety were reliance on agency workers, punitive management approaches and the inherent risk in working with mental health inpatients. Facilitators included appropriate staffing ratios and skill mix, being able to form meaningful relationships and having access to support.

Discussion

The emphasis on the physical safety element within psychological safety means that existing definitions of psychological safety require extension for the mental healthcare context. However, large‐scale research is needed to further understand experiences of psychological safety in this group.

Implications for Practice

A better understanding of the dimensions of psychological safety in inpatient mental health settings could support the development of tools to investigate psychological safety interventions. Organisations could support psychological safety through regular staff supervision and improved staffing ratios and skill mix.
Integrating PNPLA3 into clinical risk prediction
Authors: Chen Vincent L. , Vespasiani‐Gentilucci Umberto
Published: September 2024

The PNPLA3‐rs738409‐G variant was the first common variant associated with hepatic fat accumulation and progression of metabolic dysfunction‐associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). Nevertheless, to date, the clinical translation of this discovery has been minimal because it has not yet been clearly demonstrated where the genetic information may play an independent and additional role in clinical risk prediction. In this mini‐review, we will discuss the most relevant evidence regarding the potential integration of the PNPLA3 variant into scores and algorithms for liver disease diagnostics and risk stratification, specifically focusing on MASLD but also extending to liver diseases of other etiologies. The PNPLA3 variant adds little in diagnosing the current state of the disease, whether in terms of presence/absence of metabolic dysfunction‐associated steatohepatitis or the stage of fibrosis. While it can play an important role in prediction, allowing for the early definition of risk profiles that enable tailored monitoring and interventions over time, this is most valuable when applied to populations with relatively high pre‐test probability of having significant fibrosis based on either non‐invasive tests (e.g. Fibrosis‐4) or demographics (e.g. diabetes). Indeed, in this context, integrating FIB4 with the PNPLA3 genotype can refine risk stratification, though there is still no evidence that genetic information adds to liver stiffness determined by elastography. Similarly, in patients with known liver cirrhosis, knowing the PNPLA3 genotype can play a role in predicting the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma, while more doubts remain about the risk of decompensation.
Investigating feelings of imposterism in first‐year medical student narratives
Authors: Kruskie Megan E. , Frankel Richard M. , Isaacson J. Harry , Mehta Neil , Byram Jessica N.
Published: September 2024

Introduction

Imposter phenomenon (IP), feeling as if a person does not belong, has been reported in medical students at various rates. In medical literature, this phenomenon has often been defined as a ‘syndrome’, but other studies have described it as a dynamic experience that can have various impacts on different people at different time points. Although studies have linked IP with other phenomena such as burnout in residents and physicians, no studies have examined its aetiology nor how these feelings are experienced by medical students.

Methods

With the use of social identity theory as a framework, the authors analysed 233 reflective essays for elements of IP across eight cohorts of medical students from two institutions. Students responded to a prompt that asked: ‘What was one part of your identity that you thought you would have to change in order to become a physician?’ Included reflections were analysed using the framework method.

Results

Elements of IP were identified in 121 reflections (52%) and were categorised into three major themes: (1) Comparing oneself to an idealised image of a medical student, (2) Comparing oneself to an idealised image of a physician and (3) Concerns about presentation of self to others. Each theme contained two or more sub‐themes. Commonly, students discussed how their own personality traits, experiences, backgrounds and identities cast doubt on their sense of belonging in medicine.

Discussion

The results of this study were consistent across both institutions, suggesting that imposter feelings are common among all first‐year medical students. However, the extent of the impact of these feelings on their identity formation depends on the individual lived experiences of students and the context in which these feelings arise. Encouraging reflective journaling and sharing of stories from all stages of education can normalise imposter feelings during the development of the professional identity as a physician.
Proactive Personality and Caring Behavior of Clinical Nurses: A Moderated Mediation Model of Emotional Intelligence and Disgust Sensitivity
Authors: Song Jiangyan , Huang Qionglei , Xie Lunfang , Ismail Tengku Alina Tengku , Sulaiman Zaharah
Published: September 2024

The aims of the research were to investigate the mediating effect of emotional intelligence and the moderating effect of disgust sensitivity on the relationship between proactive personality and caring behavior among clinical nurses. A cross‐sectional design while adhering to STROBE guidelines was used for this study. Three hundred ninety‐three purposely selected nurses from three tertiary general hospitals completed an online survey. Measures included proactive personality, emotional intelligence, disgust sensitivity, and caring behavior. The findings showed that proactive personality positively predicted nurses' caring behavior, and that emotional intelligence played a mediating role in the relationship between proactive personality and caring behavior. Disgust sensitivity indirectly and negatively moderated the impact of proactive personality on nurses' caring behavior mainly in the second half of this moderated relationship. The findings underscore that the nursing managers may consider incorporating emotional intelligence topic in practical nursing skills training and improving nurses' ability to control their disgust sensitivity can improve their professional behavior, thus to provide patients with high‐quality nursing services.
Current challenges for plant biology research in the Global South
Authors: Auge Gabriela , Sunil Rohan Shawn , Ingle Robert A. , Rahul Puthan Valappil , Mutwil Marek , Estevez José M.
Published: September 2024

In an attempt to address the large inequities faced by the plant biology communities from the Global South (i.e. countries located around the tropics and the Southern Hemisphere) at international conferences, this Viewpoint is the reflexive thinking arising from the concurrent session titled ‘Arabidopsis and its translational research in the Global South’ organized at the International Conference of Arabidopsis Research 2023 (ICAR 2023) in Chiba, Japan in June 2023. Here, we highlight the main obstacles plant biology communities in the Global South face in terms of knowledge production, as measured by the unequal production and citation of publications, investigating and advancing local plant genomics and biodiversity, combating disparities in gender and diversity, and current initiatives to break isolation of scientists.
Analysis of randomly mutated AlSRKb genes reveals that most loss‐of‐function mutations cause defects in plasma membrane localization
Authors: Yamamoto Masaya , Ohtake Shotaro , Shinozawa Akihisa , Shirota Matsuyuki , Mitsui Yuki , Kitashiba Hiroyasu
Published: September 2024

Only very limited information is available on why some nonsynonymous variants severely alter gene function while others have no effect. To identify the characteristic features of mutations that strongly influence gene function, this study focused on SRK which encodes a highly polymorphic receptor kinase expressed in stigma papillary cells that underlies a female determinant of self‐incompatibility in Brassicaceae.

A set of 300 Arabidopsis thaliana transformants expressing mutated SRKb from A. lyrata was constructed using error‐prone PCR and the genotype and self‐incompatibility phenotype of each transformant were determined.

Almost all the transformants showing the self‐incompatibility defect contained mutations in AlSRKb that altered localization to the plasma membrane. The observed mutations occurred in amino acid residues that were highly conserved across S haplotypes and whose predicted locations were in the interior of the protein.

Our findings suggested that mutations causing the self‐incompatibility defect were more likely to result from changes to AlSRKb biosynthesis than from loss of AlSRKb function. In addition, we examined whether the RandomForest and Extreme Gradient Boosting methods could predict the self‐incompatibility phenotypes of SRK mutants.
Hydrogen sulfide antagonizes cytokinin to change root system architecture through persulfidation of CKX2 in Arabidopsis
Authors: Wang Xiuyu , Liu Cuixia , Li Tian , Zhou Fangyu , Sun Haotian , Li Fali , Ma Ying , Jia Honglei , Zhang Xiaoyue , Shi Wei , Gong Chunmei , Li Jisheng
Published: September 2024

Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is an endogenous gaseous signaling molecule, which has been shown to play an important role in plant growth and development by coupling with various phytohormones. However, the relationship between H2S and cytokinin (CTK) and the mechanisms by which H2S and CTK affect root growth remain poorly understood.

Endogenous CTK was analyzed by UHPLC‐ESI‐MS/MS. Persulfidation of cytokinin oxidase/dehydrogenases (CKXs) was analyzed by mass spectrometry (MS). ckx2/CKX2wild‐type (WT), OE CKX2 and ckx2/CKX2Cys(C)62alanine(A) transgenic lines were isolated with the ckx2 background.

H2S is linked to CTK content by CKX2, which regulates root system architecture (RSA). Persulfidation at cysteine (Cys)62 residue of CKX2 enhances CKX2 activity, resulting in reduced CTK content. We utilized 35S‐LCD/oasa1 transgenic lines to investigate the effect of endogenous H2S on RSA, indicating that H2S reduces the gravitropic set‐point angle (GSA), shortens root hairs, and increases the number of lateral roots (LRs). The persulfidation of CKX2Cys62 changes the elongation of cells on the upper and lower flanks of LR elongation zone, confirming that Cys62 of CKX2 is the specificity target of H2S to regulate RSA in vivo.

In conclusion, this study demonstrated that H2S negatively regulates CTK content and affects RSA by persulfidation of CKX2Cys62 in Arabidopsis thaliana.
Natural variations in the Cis‐elements of GhRPRS1 contributing to petal colour diversity in cotton
Authors: Hu Wei , Chen Yanli , Xu Zhenzhen , Liu Linqiang , Yan Da , Liu Miaoyang , Yan Qingdi , Zhang Yihao , Yang Lan , Gao Chenxu , Liu Renju , Qin Wenqiang , Miao Pengfei , Ma Meng , Wang Peng , Gao Baibai , Li Fuguang , Yang Zhaoen
Published: September 2024

The cotton genus comprises both diploid and allotetraploid species, and the diversity in petal colour within this genus offers valuable targets for studying orthologous gene function differentiation and evolution. However, the genetic basis for this diversity in petal colour remains largely unknown. The red petal colour primarily comes from C, G, K, and D genome species, and it is likely that the common ancestor of cotton had red petals. Here, by employing a clone mapping strategy, we mapped the red petal trait to a specific region on chromosome A07 in upland cotton. Genomic comparisons and phylogenetic analyses revealed that the red petal phenotype introgressed from G. bickii. Transcriptome analysis indicated that GhRPRS1, which encodes a glutathione S‐transferase, was the causative gene for the red petal colour. Knocking out GhRPRS1 resulted in white petals and the absence of red spots, while overexpression of both genotypes of GhRPRS1 led to red petals. Further analysis suggested that GhRPRS1 played a role in transporting pelargonidin‐3‐O‐glucoside and cyanidin‐3‐O‐glucoside. Promoter activity analysis indicated that variations in the promoter, but not in the gene body of GhRPRS1, have led to different petal colours within the genus. Our findings provide new insights into orthologous gene evolution as well as new strategies for modifying promoters in cotton breeding.
The effect of gradual extinction training on the renewal of electrodermal conditional responses
Authors: Wang Yi , Luck Camilla C. , Waters Allison M. , Ney Luke J. , Lipp Ottmar V.
Published: September 2024

Extinction, the repeated presentation of a conditional stimulus (CS) without the unconditional stimulus (US), is the standard paradigm to reduce conditional responding acquired by the repeated pairing of CS and US in acquisition. However, this reduction of conditional responding is prone to relapse. In rodent fear‐conditioning, gradual extinction, the fading out of CS‐US pairings during extinction, has been shown to reduce the return of fear. The current study replicated the gradual extinction procedure in human fear conditioning and assessed whether it reduced the return of fear due to ABA renewal and reacquisition. During extinction, one group received standard extinction, a second received gradual extinction (increasing the spacing of USs presented after the 1st, 3rd, 6th, 10th, and 15th CS+ trials), and a third received reversed extinction training (decreasing the spacing of USs presented after the 1st, 6th, 10th, 13th, and 15th CS+ trials). Larger renewal and faster reacquisition of differential electrodermal responses to CS+ and CS− were expected after standard and reversed extinction than after gradual extinction training. The results were inconclusive due to the failure to find extinction of differential electrodermal responses and US expectancy ratings in both gradual and reversed extinction groups. Despite successful extinction in group standard, renewal was only observed in US expectancy. Visualization of US expectancy ratings during extinction suggested that potential identification of the US presentation patterns during extinction in the gradual and reversed groups delayed extinction learning.
The interface between research funding and environmental policies in an emergent economy using neural topic modeling: Proposals for a research agenda
Authors: Barbosa Marcelo Werneck , Gomes André
Published: September 2024

Researchers have been calling for further analysis of the relationships between academia and policy making. Since several studies are conducted with resources from public funding agencies, it is essential to assess whether governments have been supporting research that can contribute to future environmental policies and whether research has been supporting the elaboration of public policies. To fill these gaps, the objective of this study was to evaluate the similarities and gaps between research and environmental policies. A bibliometric analysis of studies funded by Chilean agencies and text analytics techniques were employed to analyze research and environmental policies. We used BERTopic, a topic modeling technique that generates coherent topic representations. Then, topics obtained from the two sets of documents (research and policies) were compared. This study found that sustainability, life‐cycle assessment, climate change, and ecosystem services are central research themes in the country. The topic modeling analysis showed that research has been concentrated on the areas of “Sustainable Fisheries and Aquaculture Management” and “Sustainable Bioenergy Production and Chemical Processes.” The topics most frequently present in the environmental policies were “Environmental Education for Children: Awareness and Care,” “Bird Conservation and Habitat Importance in Chile,” and “National Biodiversity Conservation and Sustainable Use Strategy.” The greatest gaps are observed in the clusters of “Sustainable Bioenergy Production and Chemical Processes” and “Copper Mining and Mineral Processing Techniques” (prevalent in research) and in “Anatomy and Physiology of Aquatic and Terrestrial Organisms” and “Biogeography and Taxonomy of Southern Hemisphere Insects” (prevalent in policy).
Conservation beyond biopolitics: Vulnerability and abundance in Chennai's nature‐cultures
Authors: Srinivasan Krithika
Published: September 2024

This paper examines the possibilities for nature in contemporary times through a ground‐up investigation of nature practices in Chennai, India. It navigates dissonant strands of scholarship on the promise of urban regions as sites of exemplary social natures with an analytical framework that examines how autonomous nonhuman life in Chennai is variously enabled and inhibited. By studying a breadth of natures and nature practices within this urban site (instead of focusing on a particular species or habitat), the paper illuminates the socio‐material processes that undermine some natures even while supporting others, highlighting paradoxical responses to nonhuman agencies and resilience within the domain of ecological concern. The simultaneous analysis of Chennai's abundant and diminishing natures explains dissonances in urban natures scholarship, while offering fresh insights on more equitable approaches to nonhuman nature in human‐dominated landscapes. Specifically, it points to the value of reconfiguring concepts and practices of nature, both within and beyond conservation, in ways that are attentive to the plural forms of nonhuman flourishing and experiential vulnerability. Any meaningful prospect for more‐than‐human futures in urbanising worlds, the paper argues, rests not on biopolitical conservation that seeks to reproduce the past or build future ecologies of ‘legitimate’ natures, but on desisting from the displacement of, and re‐allowing room – conceptual, material and ethical – for already existing natures, whether scientifically valued or unintentional, whether imperilled or flourishing.
Finitely generated simple sharply 2-transitive groups
Authors: André Simon , Guirardel Vincent
Published: September 2024

We construct the first examples of infinite sharply 2-transitive groups which are finitely generated. Moreover, we construct such a group that has Kazhdan property (T), is simple, has exactly four conjugacy classes and we show that this number is as small as possible.
БИОТЕХНОЛОГИЯ ТВОРОЖНЫХ ПРОДУКТОВ ДЛЯ СПОРТИВНОГО ПИТАНИЯ
Authors: Жарыкбасова К.С. , Какимова Ж.Х. , Жарыкбасов Е.С.
Published: September 2024

Производство продуктов питания с применением комбинированных пищевых добавок на основе сырья животного и растительного происхождения для взаимного обогащения эссенциальными веществами относится к одному из перспективных и актуальных исследований по разработке специализированных продуктов питания для спортсменов.
Цель научной работы - исследование эффективности применения коллагенсодержащего концентрата и экстракта лекарственных растений в производстве творожных продуктов для спортивного питания.
Научная новизна работы заключается в проведении исследований, направленных на разработку творожных продуктов с комплексным применением коллагенсодержащего концентрата из вторичного сырья птицеперерабатывающей промышлености и БАД из растительного сырья с высоким содержанием антиоксидантов.
Исследование включает разработку биотехнологического способа получения сухого коллагенсо­держащего концентрата, экстракта лекарственных растений, разработка технологии творожного продукта с применением исследуемых БАД. В дальнейшем проводится анализ влияния коллагенсо­держащего концентрата и экстракта лекарственных растений на пищевую ценность, органолептические, структурно-механические характеристики и функциональные свойства творожных продуктов.
В результате проведенных исследований разработан биотехнологический способ получения сухого коллагенсодержащего концентрата из куриной кожи, костной ткани и лапок с применением фермента папаина, который предусматривает механическую, тепловую обработку и ферментативный гидролиз сырья. Готовый продукт характеризуется высокой пищевой и биологической ценностью, вместе с тем коллагенсодержащий концентрат содержит полиненасыщенные жирные кислоты омега-3, омега-6 и омега-9, обладающие антиоксидантными свойствами. Разработан способ получения БАД с выраженными антиоксидантными свойствами из композиции лекарственных растений (тысячелистник обыкновенный и шалфей степной), основанный на экстракции. Результаты доклинических испытаний в условиях in vivo показали, что экстракт композиции лекарственных растений оказывает на организм подопытных животных иммуностимулирующее действие, влияя как на гуморальный, так и на клеточные звенья иммунитета. На данный момент проводятся исследования по разработке рецептуры и технологии творожного продукта. Предусмотрено проведение доклинических испытаний в условиях in vivo для определения функциональных свойств специализированных творожных продуктов спортивного питания
Таким образом, исследования, направленные на применении коллагенсодержащего концентрата и экстрактов лекарственных растений при создании творожных продуктов для спортивного питания, открывает новые перспективы для создания инновационных продуктов в области спортивного питания. Тезис доклада подготовлен в рамках научного проекта грантового финансирования ИРН AP19679638 «Научно-практические основы применения коллагенсодержащего концентрата в производстве специализи­рованных творожных продуктов для питания спортсменов».
ПРИМЕНЕНИЕ НАНОЗИМОВ В ИММУНОХРОМАТОГРАФИЧЕСКИХ ТЕСТ-СИСТЕМАХ ОБНАРУЖЕНИЯ АНТИБИОТИКОВ
Authors: Жердев А.В. , Зверева Е.А. , Гендриксон О.Д. , Асламова А.А. , Панферов В.Г. , Дзантиев Б.Б.
Published: September 2024

Иммунохроматографические тест-системы (ИХТС) являются перспективным средством контроля качества и безопасности пищевых продуктов благодаря экспрессности и простоте их применения. О результате тестирования свидетельствует окрашивание определенных участков ИХТС, в которых образуются иммунные комплексы, меченные наночастицами. Однако многие наночастицы обладают каталитической активностью (являются нанозимами). Применение в ИХТС нанозимов, трансформирующих хромогенные субстраты, позволяет усиливать окрашивание и благодаря этому снижать пределы обнаружения контролируемых веществ. К сожалению, разработки ИХТС обычно ограничиваются оценкой преимуществ определенных нанозимов по сравнению с традиционными маркерами. Выбор оптимальных размеров и формы нанозимных частиц, способа их модификации и состава комплекса с иммунореагентами остается эмпирическим.
В настоящей работе сопоставляются возможности различных нанозимов и препаратов на их основе в ИХТС для высокочувствительного выявления антибиотиков в мясных продуктах. Данная задача крайне востребована в практическом отношении из-за многочисленных негативных последствий попадания антибиотиков с пищей в организм человека и связанном с ними значительном расширении перечня антибиотиков, требующих широкого мониторинга для защиты здоровья потребителей. Проведено сравнение в качестве пероксидаза-подобных нанозимов моно-, двух- и трехкомпонентных наночастиц благородных металлов (золота, серебра, платины) разных размеров и формы. Описаны процессы усиления оптического сигнала в ИХТС, основанные на трансформации нанозимами хромогенных субстратов и на каталитическом наращивании размеров наночастиц. Показаны преимущества в качестве катализаторов наночастиц с разветвленной поверхностью, получаемых двухстадийным синтезом – формированием сферических золотых наночастиц-ядер и их частичной поверхностной модификацией платиной. Рассмотрены изменения каталитической и антиген-связывающей активности комплексов нанозим–антитела при варьировании поверхностной плотности иммобилизованных антител. Показано снижение пределов обнаружения нанозимных ИХТС в десятки раз по сравнению с традиционными ИХТС с использованием в качестве маркеров сферических наночастиц золота. Для эффективного мониторинга мясных продуктов разработанными тест-системами сопоставлены различные способы пробоподготовки, показана возможность сокращения продолжительности этих процедур до 15-20 минут с сохранением полноты выявления целевых аналитов.
Исследование выполняется при финансовой поддержке Российского научного фонда, грант № 24-16-00273.
КОНКУРЕНТНЫЙ ИММУНОХРОМАТОГРАФИЧЕСКИЙ АНАЛИЗ СО СНИЖЕННЫМ ПРЕДЕЛОМ ДЕТЕКЦИИ ДЛЯ КОНТРОЛЯ ТОКСИКАНТОВ В ПИЩЕВЫХ ПРОДУКТАХ
Authors: Сотников Д.В. , Гендриксон О.Д. , Жердев А.В. , Дзантиев Б.Б.
Published: September 2024

Иммунохроматографический анализ (ИХА) за последние десятилетия приобрел широкое распространение в медицинской и ветеринарной диагностике, контроле патогенов и токсичных веществ в продуктах питания, обнаружении наркотиков, пестицидов, антибиотиков и других аналитов. Основные преимущества ИХА – возможность экспрессного тестирования без дополнительного приборного обеспечения. Для определения низкомолекулярных аналитов используется конкурентный формат ИХА, который, однако, не лишен ряда недостатков. Наиболее важный из них – высокий предел обнаружения. Это определяет острую потребность в новых подходах для совершенствования ИХА.
Разработка новой тест-системы по сей день не представляет собой набор рутинных манипуляций. Создание тест-системы с заданными характеристиками требует оптимизации большого количества параметров и установления различных эмпирических закономерностей. Процесс разработки тестов и оценки возможностей применения в них определенных реагентов можно значительно ускорить, если использовать методы математического моделирования, позволяющие выявить общие принципы аналитического метода и наиболее значимые факторы, влияющие на его характеристики. Нами разработаны новые математические модели ИХА, учитывающие неравновесный характер взаимодействий иммунореагентов. Модели позволили выявить ряд закономерностей функционирования тест-систем. Так, показано, что изменение соотношения реагентов влияет на уровни перекрестной реактивности, тем самым повышая индивидуальную или групповую селективность. Для достижения желаемого предела обнаружения и рабочего диапазона можно эффективно варьировать такие параметры, как размер и форму наночастиц, соотношения антитело:наночастица и гаптен:белок. Обнаружено также, что поливалентные взаимодействия могут быть эффективным инструментом для повышения как чувствительности, так и амплитуды регистрируемых сигналов. Благодаря этим находкам разработаны новые форматы конкурентного ИХА с улучшенными аналитическими характеристиками.
Предложенные схемы реализованы на примерах определения пестицидов и антибиотиков в продуктах питания, включая ИХА энантиоселективных токсикантов. Продемонстрирована возможность снижения предела детекции на порядок без потери интенсивности окраски по сравнению со стандартной схемой конкурентного ИХА.
Работа выполнена при финансовой поддержке Российского научного фонда, грант № 24-46-00026.
ЗИЯНДЫ ИНГАЛЯТОР ЭЛЕКТРОНДЫ ТЕМЕКІНІҢ ДЕНСАУЛЫҚҚА ӘСЕРІ
Authors: Ильясова И.Т. , Тулепбергенова С.А.
Published: September 2024

Электронды темекі шегу жыл сайын 5 миллион адамды өлтіреді, бұл өлімге алып келетін қазіргі уақыттағы басты себептердің бірі. Дүниежүзілік денсаулық сақтау ұйымының мәліметі бойынша, 2022 жылға қарай дамушы елдерде жыл сайын 7 миллионнан астам адам электронды темекі шегу факторына байланысты аурулардан қайтыс болады. Электрондық темекі қазір жастар арасында өте танымал регресс құралы болып табылады.
Жұмыстың мақсаты: Электронды темекі құрамының тірі организмнің биологиялық белсенділігін төмендетуші қауіптілігін анықтау.
Жұмыстың зерттеу нысаны, Астана қалалық №6 емхананың пациенттері және электронды темекі.
Теориялық: таңдалған тақырып бойынша шетелдік дереккөздерді оқу; алынған мәліметтерді талдау; жалпылау.
Практикалық: Сауалнама, сұхбат, эксперимент; адамның өмірлік көрсеткіштерін анықтау (қысым, импульс).
№6 қалалық емхананың кардиологиялық пациенттерімен 1 апта жұмыс жүргізілді. Күніне орта есеппен 30 пациентпен қабылдау жүргізіледі. 1 апта көлемінде 150 пациенттен сауалнама алу көзделді. Барлығы 150 адам сұралды, оның ішінде: 69 адам электронды темекі шегеді (46%), 38 адам электронды темекі шегуге тырысты (25%), 21 адам электронды темекіні адам ағзасына зиянды деп санайды (14%), 4 адам электронды темекіні зиянсыз деп санайды (3%), 18 адам жауап беруге қиналады (12%);
Емхананың кардиолог дәрігерімен бірлесіп, пациенттердің ауру тарихын зерттедік. Электронды темекіні жүйелі пайдаланатын 69 адамның физиологиялық өзгерістеріне жеке тоқталдық. Барлығы 75 адам сұралды, оның ішінде:69 жүрек-тамыр жүйелері аурулары (100%),57 жүйке жүйесі аурулары (83%),51 ас қорыту жүйелері аурулары (74%),43 жыныстық аурулары (62%),31 несеп шығару жүйесі аурулары (45%);Электрондық темекіден улану жағдайлары 7.
Негізгі эксперимент үшін электронды темекіні пайдаланын пациенттің электронды темекі шеккенге дейін және шеккеннен кейінгі динамикасын бақыладық. Зерттеуге қатысқан пациент: ер адам, жасы 48-де, жеңіл дәрежедегі артериалды қан қысымының жоғарылауы мазалайды. Электронды темекіні тұрақты пайдаланады. Қалыпты жағдайдағы пациенттің динамикалық көрсеткіштері: пульс 75, қысым 128/70 мм.сын.бағ. Тыныс алу жиілігі 16; Бір рет электронды темекі шегуден кейін өмірлік белгілері өзгерді: пульс минутына 91 рет, қысым 146/90 мм.сын.бағ дейін көтерілді. Тыныс алу  жылдамдығы 22 дейін өсті;
Тәжірибе нәтижелеріне сүйене отырып, электронды темекі құрамындағы улы заттардың жиынтығы адам организміндегі негізгі құрылымдық функцияларды бәсеңдетеді және өмірлік маңызды ағзалардың жұмыс жасауына кедергі келтіреді. Зерттеу нәтижесі анықталды және мақсат орындалды.