bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ichthyofaunal diversity and vertical distribution patterns in the rockpools of the southwestern coast of Yaku-shima Island, southern Japan
Authors: Murase Atsunobu
Published: June 2015

The community composition of rockpool fish on the southwestern coast of Yaku-shima Island, southern Japan, in the northwest Pacific was investigated by sampling of 22 rockpools and recording the range of vertical heights (a total of 76 sampling events from May 2009 to February 2010). A total of 72 species belonging to 19 families were collected from the study site. This species richness is the highest recorded of similar studies undertaken worldwide, reflecting the highest diversity of coastal fishes in the western Pacific. Increases in species richness due to transient and accidental visitors increased the total number of species in the lower vertical zones. Variations in the vertical distribution pattern of the resident and transient species suggests habitat partitioning and/or physical preferences for a particular habitat of each species. Color images of rockpool fish recorded at the site and a list of all the voucher specimens are provided.
Uniwersalizm grzechu i misja Ducha Świętego... w świetle encykliki św. Jana Pawła II Dominum et Vivificantem
Authors: Derdziak Liubov
Published: June 2015

Grzech i jego skutki wpisują się w gamę doświadczeń życiowych każdego człowieka. W świecie współczesnym obserwuje się jednak znaczący zanik świadomości grzechu, zarówno w jego wymiarze indywidualnym jak i społecznym. Dlatego autorka niniejszego artykułu podejmuje próbę przybliżenia papieskiej nauki o grzechu i zbawczej roli Ducha Świętego. W swoich rozważaniach na temat grzechu Jan Paweł II ukazuje go w perspektywie dzieła Zbawienia, którego dokonał Jezus Chrystus oraz w świetle działania Ducha Świętego w sercu każdego człowieka. Grzech niewiary w zbawcze posłannictwo Chrystusa, płynący z grzechu pierwszych ludzi, doprowadził do zbrodni ukrzyżowania, podczas gdy grzech przeciwko Duchowi Świętemu zakłada odmowę przez człowieka nawrócenia i tym samym nieprzyjęcia przebaczenia ofiarowanego przez Boga. W tej złożonej sytuacji stworzonej przez wybór ludzki Duch Święty przychodzi z ofertą odpuszczenia grzechów. Warunkiem odpuszczenia jest uznanie grzechu w sumieniu. Dlatego właśnie misja Ducha Bożego polega na „przekonywaniu” o grzechu, sprawiedliwości i sądzie. Papież naucza, że każdy grzech ludzki został ogarnięty przez dzieło zbawcze Jezusa Chrystusa. Działający we wnętrzu człowieka Duch Święty objawia ekonomię Bożej miłości, która zaprasza do nawrócenia.
Macroeconomic Effects of Banking Sector Losses across Structural Models
Authors: Guerrieri Luca , Iacoviello Matteo , Covas Francisco B. , Driscoll John C. , Kiley Michael T. , Jahan-Parvar Mohammad , Queralto Olive Albert , Sim Jae W.
Published: June 2015

The macro spillover effects of capital shortfalls in the financial intermediation sector are compared across five dynamic equilibrium models for policy analysis. Although all the models considered share antecedents and a methodological core, each model emphasizes different transmission channels. This approach delivers "model-based confidence intervals" for the real and financial effects of shocks originating in the financial sector. The range of outcomes predicted by the five models is only slightly narrower than confidence intervals produced by simple vector autoregressions.
Extended Gate Concept for Maritime Automobile Terminals
Authors:   University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Maritime Studies and Transportation, Beškovnik Bojan , Zanne Marina
Published: June 2015

The article is focused on the role of a maritime automobile terminal in finished vehicle logistics (FVL). Different drivers that force the management of a maritime automobile terminal to find new solutions in accommodating the increased flows of vehicles are described. The analysis of the maritime automobile terminal at Koper indicates the need to further expand the storage area and its delivery zone to support regular clients from the automotive industry. The main research goal of the paper is to elaborate and describe the model where an external storage platform under port’s operation might be used. On this basis the analysis of current inbound and outbound flows is elaborated. The model of Extended Gate Concept (EGC) for a maritime automobile terminal is presented as an option to serve increased outgoing flows of finished vehicles. With proper infrastructure development, established inland connections and secured information flow the presented EGC model can be adopted at the observed maritime automobile terminal. Nevertheless, obstacles hindering EGC implementation play a crucial role in the model implantation, thus the final consent should be given by the relevant stakeholders in FVL.
Koncept brodskih elektroenergetskih sustava u brodova s dinamičkim pozicioniranjem
Authors:   Uljanik brodograđevni projekti, Milić Aleksandar , Perović Dario
Published: June 2015

Brodovi s ugrađenim sustavom za dinamičko pozicioniranje zadržavaju poziciju na kojoj se nalaze, pod određenim unaprijed zadanim uvjetima (valovi, vjetar, morska struja). Pritom se u ovisnosti o nivoima složenosti sustava dinamičkog pozicioniranja (DP1, DP2, DP3) postavljaju različiti zahtjevi prema ugrađenim elektroenergetskim sustavima. Osnovni zahtjev koji se postavlja je da u slučaju jedne greške, brod ne smije izgubiti poziciju. To uključuje sustave proizvodnje električne energije, sustav distribucije električne energije, te potrošače za pomoćne strojarske sustave koji izravno ili neizravno sudjeluju u održavanju pozicije broda. Rad se zasniva na projektu „Broda za polaganje kabela“, Gr. 507 sa sustavom dinamičkog pozicioniranja DP2”, koji se gradi u Uljanik Brodogradilištu i trebao bi biti predan naručitelju polovicom 2015 god.
Valorization of Batana Salvorina in the Development and Brand Identity of Umag
Authors:   University of Rijeka  Faculty of Tourism and Hospitality  Management Opatija, Rijeka, Stipanović Christian , Rudan Elena , Klarić Marina
Published: June 2015

This work explores the possibilities raised by valorisation of historical and maritime heritage (Batana Salvorina) in the construction of an original and innovative tourism product, with the goal of repositioning Umag as a distinctive tourist destination. It is based on the authors’ research, questionnaires and Umag stakeholder focus groups (members of the Association Batana Salvorina, local government, public utility and entrepreneurs), benchmark analysis of batana valorisation in Umag, Rovinj and Piran using situational and scenario analysis, as well as the authors’ projections of building the batana salvorina project and Umag competitiveness. The limitations of the research lie in the fact that the project of batana salvorina valorisation is still underdeveloped, as well as in the insufficient recognition of the project importance and opportunities in creating tourism uniqueness and distinctiveness. The valorisation of history (batana salvorina) must evolve into an integral indigenous product that will be based on the synergy of business entrepreneurs and other stakeholders in a continuous effort to enrich and qualitatively improve Umag tourism offer.
A review of methods for burst/leakage detection and location in water distribution systems
Authors: Li Rui , Huang Haidong , Xin Kunlun , Tao Tao
Published: June 2015

The problem of bursts and leakages in water distribution systems has received significantly increased attention over the past two decades. As they represent both an environmental and an economical issue, how to reduce water loss through bursts and leakages is a challenging task for water utilities. Consequently, various techniques have been developed to detect the location and size of leakages. The methods for bursts (or leaks) detection and location can be broadly divided into two main categories, one based on hardware and the other based on software. Hardware-based methods include (i) acoustic detection methods such as listening rods, leak correlators, leak noise loggers and (ii) non-acoustic detection methods such as gas injection, ground penetrating radar technology and infrared photography. Software-based methods make use of the data collected by real-time pressure and/or flow sensors and several artificial intelligence techniques and statistical data analysis tools, including (i) methods based on numerical modeling methods, such as inverse transient analysis, time domain analysis and frequency domain analysis, and (ii) some non-numerical modeling methods, such as artificial neural networks, Bayesian inference systems, the Golden section method, and Kalman filtering. In this article, the authors describe the methods for pipe network burst location and detection, summarize the features of each method, and propose a suggestion for future work.
Adsorption and photocatalytic degradation of metaldehyde in aqueous solution
Authors: Kyu Kim Jong , Cintra Campos Luiza
Published: June 2015

Metaldehyde is best known as the main constituent of slug pellets. This organic compound has been found in relatively high levels in both surface and underground water. While many water treatment processes do not work with metaldehyde degradation, a photocatalytic degradation process has been proved to have a significant effect on metaldehyde stability. Nanosized ZnO/laponite composite (NZLC) was used as a photocatalyst in this investigation of metaldehyde degradation. The reactions were carried out in a ultraviolet C (UVC) lamp fitted batch reactor by considering the following parameters: initial metaldehyde concentration, pH of solution, and light intensity. A comparison of degradation efficiency between photolysis, photocatalysis, and adsorptive ability on NZLC indicated that the latter had the highest efficiency. Furthermore, higher metaldehyde degradation was observed as the initial concentration decreased. However, the fastest metaldehyde degradation rate in heterogeneous photocatalysis was obtained when pH values were greater than 7.0. Consequently, the findings suggest that the removal of metaldehyde by adsorption and photocatalytic degradation using NZLC under UV irradiation was a hybrid reaction process (i.e. photolysis, adsorption, and photocatalysis).
Comparison of a native clay soil and an engineered clay used in experimental ceramic pot filter fabrication
Authors: Hubbel L. , Elmore A. C. , Reidmeyer M.
Published: June 2015

Ceramic pot filters (CPFs) have been shown to be an effective means of household water treatment in the developing world. The filters are typically made using local labor and locally available materials including clay soils and various burn out materials used to create porosity. Artisanal approaches may be used to manufacture the filters, and there have been efforts to improve CPF performance through laboratory studies. The importation of soil to make the filters may be highly regulated and could be cost prohibitive, so some researchers use commercially available clay to fabricate experimental filters. However, such efforts typically do not include a comparison of the engineered clay to native clay soil, nor do most studies compare the performance of experimental CPFs fabricated from engineered clay to CPFs made from native clay. This study compares mineralogical and geotechnical properties of a clay soil from Rabinal, Guatemala, used to produce CPFs in that country to an engineered clay developed for use in laboratory experiments. Flowrate is the primary quality control parameter used in CPF production, and performance testing indicated that experimental CPF flowrates were not necessarily a function of clay composition. However, engineered clay could be used as a surrogate for native soil with some limitations.
In vitro Release Kinetic Study of Theophylline from Kollidon SR Polymer Based Matrix Tablet
Authors: Kabir Abul Kalam Lutful , Halder Shimul , Rouf Abu Shara Shamsur
Published: June 2015

Controlled release tablet matrix of theophylline was prepared with kollidon SR, a spray dried powder grade polymer (polyvinyl acetate and povidone based matrix rate retarding hydrophobic materials) by utilizing direct compression technique. Different proportion of kollidon SR was used to develop the matrix builder in the five proposed formulations (F-1 to F-5) for the study of release rate retardant effect at 10, 12, 15, 18 and 21% of total weight of matrix tablet, respectively. The in vitro dissolution study of the matrices of those proposed tablet formulations were carried out in simulated gastric medium (pH 1.3) for first two hours and then in simulated intestinal medium (pH 6.8) for 6 hours using USP dissolution apparatus II (paddle method). The formulation F-3 (using 15% polymer) and F-4 (using 18 % polymer) met the optimum release profiles of active ingredient for 8 hr period of total study. The release kinetics for theophylline was plotted against zero order, first order and Higuchi release rate kinetics to evaluate the release mechanism of drug from the formulated tablet matrix. The release kinetics of formulation F-3 and F-4 was followed very closely by Higuchi release rate kinetic order than other kinetics such as zero order and first order kinetics which has been reflected the type of drug release from the tablet matrix by diffusion as well as erosion mechanism.Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 14(1): 43-48, 2015 (June)
Gastroentero-histopathology Studies of Synthesized Naproxen Esters in Young Healthy Sprague-Dawley Rat Model
Authors: Akter Mansura , Saha Sajal Kumar , Rahman SM Abdur
Published: June 2015

Naproxen and its synthesized esters namely naproxen methyl ester, C15H16O3 (compound 1), ethyl ester, C16H17O3 (compound 2) and isopropyl ester, C17H20O3 (compound 3) were subjected to NSAID induced gastro-ulcergenecity studies on young, healthy male rat model. Rats (Rattus novergicus: Sprague-Dawley strain) of 2-months old weighing 95105 g were administered with naproxen (10 mg/kg b.w.) compound 1 (10.609 mg/kg b.w.), compound 2 (11.217 mg/kg b.w.) and compound 3 (11.826 mg/kg b.w.) twice daily for 4.5 days. The naproxen esters appeared to induce significantly less GI injury and bleeding both in microscopic and macroscopic examinations. This study can be a basis of reference for further acute, chronic or subchronic toxicity studies in various in-vivo models.Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 14(1): 49-53, 2015 (June)
Role of Parathyroid Hormone-Related Protein Signaling in Chronic Pancreatitis
Authors: Falzon Miriam , Bhatia Vandanajay
Published: June 2015

Chronic pancreatitis (CP), a progressive inflammatory disease where acini are destroyed and replaced by fibrous tissue, increases the risk for pancreatic cancer. Risk factors include alcohol, smoking, and obesity. The effects of these risk factors are exacerbated in patients with mutations in genes that predispose to CP. The different environmental and genetic factors produce the same clinical phenotype; once CP develops, disease course is the same regardless of etiology. Critical questions still need to be answered to understand what modifies predisposition to develop CP in persons exposed to risk factors. We postulate that risk factors modulate endogenous pathways, with parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) signaling being one such pathway. In support, PTHrP levels are elevated in mice treated with alcohol, and in mouse models of cerulein- and pancreatic duct ligation-induced CP. Disrupting the Pthrp gene in acinar cells exerts protective effects (decreased edema, histological damage, amylase and cytokine release, and fibrosis) in these CP models. PTHrP levels are elevated in human CP. Currently, CP care lacks specific pharmacological interventions. Targeting PTHrP signaling may present a novel therapeutic strategy that inhibits pancreatic inflammation and fibrosis, especially since the risk of developing pancreatic cancer is strongly associated with duration of chronic inflammation.
Computational Fluid Dynamics and Visualisation of Coastal Flows in Tidal Channels Supporting Ocean Energy Development
Authors: Zangiabadi Enayatollah , Edmunds Matt , Fairley Iain , Togneri Michael , Williams Alison , Masters Ian , Croft Nick
Published: June 2015

Flow characteristics in coastal regions are strongly influenced by the topography of the seabed and understanding the fluid dynamics is necessary before installation of tidal stream turbines (TST). In this paper, the bathymetry of a potential TST deployment site is used in the development of the a CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) model. The steady state k-ϵ and transient Large Eddy Simulation (LES) turbulence methods are employed and compared. The simulations are conducted with a fixed representation of the ocean surface, i.e., a rigid lid representation. In the vicinity of Horse Rock a study of the pressure difference shows that the small change in height of the water column is negligible, providing confidence in the simulation results. The stream surface method employed to visualise the results has important inherent characteristics that can enhance the visual perception of complex flow structures. The results of all cases are compared with the flow data transect gathered by an Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (ADCP). It has been understood that the k-ϵ method can predict the flow pattern relatively well near the main features of the domain and the LES model has the ability to simulate some important flow patterns caused by the bathymetry.
Credibility Theory-Based Available Transfer Capability Assessment
Authors: Zheng Yanan , Yang Jin , Hu Zhaoguang , Zhou Ming , Li Gengyin
Published: June 2015

Since the development of large scale power grid interconnections and power markets, research on available transfer capability (ATC) has attracted great attention. The challenges for accurate assessment of ATC originate from the numerous uncertainties in electricity generation, transmission, distribution and utilization sectors. Power system uncertainties can be mainly described as two types: randomness and fuzziness. However, the traditional transmission reliability margin (TRM) approach only considers randomness. Based on credibility theory, this paper firstly built models of generators, transmission lines and loads according to their features of both randomness and fuzziness. Then a random fuzzy simulation is applied, along with a novel method proposed for ATC assessment, in which both randomness and fuzziness are considered. The bootstrap method and multi-core parallel computing technique are introduced to enhance the processing speed. By implementing simulation for the IEEE-30-bus system and a real-life system located in Northwest China, the viability of the models and the proposed method is verified.
Carbon Fibers from UV-Assisted Stabilization of Lignin-Based Precursors
Authors: Zhang Meng , Jin Jing , Ogale Amod
Published: June 2015

Production of high strength carbon fibers from bio-derived precursors is of topical interest. Recently, we reported on dry-spinning of a partially acetylated softwood kraft lignin to produce carbon fibers with superior properties, but the thermo-oxidative stabilization step required a long time due to a slow heating rate needed to prevent the fibers from being heated too rapidly and sticking to each other. Here we report a rapid strategy of dual UV-thermoxidative stabilization (crosslinking) of dry-spun lignin fibers that significantly reduces the stabilization time. The fibers undergo reaction close to the surface such that they can be subsequently thermally stabilized at a rapid heating rate without fibers fusing together, which reduces the total stabilization time significantly from 40 to 4 h. Consequently, the glass transition temperature of UV irradiated fibers was about 15 °C higher than that of fibers without UV treatment. Stabilized fibers were successfully carbonized at 1000 °C and resulting carbon fibers displayed a tensile strength of 900 ± 100 MPa, which is amongst the highest reported for carbon fibers derived from softwood lignin-based precursors. These results establish that UV irradiation is a rapid step that can effectively shorten the total stabilization time for production of lignin-derived carbon fibers.
Horizon 2020 in Diabetic Kidney Disease: The Clinical Trial Pipeline for Add-On Therapies on Top of Renin Angiotensin System Blockade
Authors: Perez-Gomez Maria , Sanchez-Niño Maria , Sanz Ana , Martín-Cleary Catalina , Ruiz-Ortega Marta , Egido Jesus , Navarro-González Juan , Ortiz Alberto , Fernandez-Fernandez Beatriz
Published: June 2015

Diabetic kidney disease is the most frequent cause of end-stage renal disease. This implies failure of current therapeutic approaches based on renin-angiotensin system (RAS) blockade. Recent phase 3 clinical trials of paricalcitol in early diabetic kidney disease and bardoxolone methyl in advanced diabetic kidney disease failed to meet the primary endpoint or terminated on safety concerns, respectively. However, various novel strategies are undergoing phase 2 and 3 randomized controlled trials targeting inflammation, fibrosis and signaling pathways. Among agents currently undergoing trials that may modify the clinical practice on top of RAS blockade in a 5-year horizon, anti-inflammatory agents currently hold the most promise while anti-fibrotic agents have so far disappointed. Pentoxifylline, an anti-inflammatory agent already in clinical use, was recently reported to delay estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) loss in chronic kidney disease (CKD) stage 3–4 diabetic kidney disease when associated with RAS blockade and promising phase 2 data are available for the pentoxifylline derivative CTP-499. Among agents targeting chemokines or chemokine receptors, the oral small molecule C-C chemokine receptor type 2 (CCR2) inhibitor CCX140 decreased albuminuria and eGFR loss in phase 2 trials. A dose-finding trial of the anti-IL-1β antibody gevokizumab in diabetic kidney disease will start in 2015. However, clinical development is most advanced for the endothelin receptor A blocker atrasentan, which is undergoing a phase 3 trial with a primary outcome of preserving eGFR. The potential for success of these approaches and other pipeline agents is discussed in detail.
Human Keratoconus Cell Contractility is Mediated by Transforming Growth Factor-Beta Isoforms
Authors: Lyon Desiree' , McKay Tina , Sarkar-Nag Akhee , Priyadarsini Shrestha , Karamichos Dimitrios
Published: June 2015

Keratoconus (KC) is a progressive disease linked to defects in the structural components of the corneal stroma. The extracellular matrix (ECM) is secreted and assembled by corneal keratocytes and regulated by transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β). We have previously identified alterations in the TGF-β pathway in human keratoconus cells (HKCs) compared to normal corneal fibroblasts (HCFs). In our current study, we seeded HKCs and HCFs in 3D-collagen gels to identify variations in contractility, and expression of matrix metalloproteases (MMPs) by HKCs in response the TGF-β isoforms. HKCs showed delayed contractility with decreased Collagen I:Collagen V ratios. TGF-β1 significantly increased ECM contraction, Collagen I, and Collagen V expression by HKCs. We also found that HKCs have significantly decreased Collagen I:Collagen III ratios suggesting a potential link to altered collagen isoform expression in KC. Our findings show that HKCs have significant variations in collagen secretion in a 3D collagen gel and have delayed contraction of the matrix compared to HCFs. For the first time, we utilize a collagen gel model to characterize the contractility and MMP expression by HKCs that may contribute to the pathobiology of KC.
The Modification of a Tetrafunctional Epoxy and Its Curing Reaction
Authors: Yu Mingming , Feng Bin , Xie Wang , Fang Lin , Li Hong , Liu Liqi , Ren Musu , Sun Jinliang , Zhang Jiabao , Hu Hefeng
Published: June 2015

Recent experimental results showed that the Tg of cured resin scarcely decreased and the impact strength of resins increased by over 50% when a tetrafunctional epoxy named N,N,N',N'-tetraglycidyl-4,4'-diaminodiphenyl ether (TGDDE) was introduced to an appropriate flexible chain from a dimer fatty acid (DFA). In order to understand the reason for this phenomenon, the modification and the chemical structure of the prepolymer together with the curing reaction and the viscoelasticity of the cured resins were studied in detail in the present work. The results indicated that the modification would help the prepolymer improve its molecular mobility. As a result, the resins could be further cured, resulting in the cross-linking density increasing. This is because the curing efficiency was increased, but the tetrafunctional epoxy was not cured completely due to its large steric hindrance. Moreover, the flexibility of some parts of the networks was improved, which was beneficial for the toughness of the cured resins. Therefore, the toughness of the tetrafunctional resin was improved with little influence on the thermal properties when the epoxies were modified with an appropriate content of DFA.
Phytochemical Profiling and Evaluation of Pharmacological Activities of Hypericum scabrum L.
Authors: Jiang Lan , Numonov Sodik , Bobakulov Khayrulla , Qureshi Muhammad , Zhao Haiqing , Aisa Haji
Published: June 2015

Phytochemical investigations of ethyl acetate-soluble part of the aerial part of Hypericum scabrum L. delivered eight pure phenolic compounds 1–8. The pure compounds were identified through physico-chemical, NMR (1D, 2D) and mass spectrometric studies as: 3-8′′-bisapigenin (1), quercetin (2), quercetin-3-O-α-l-arabinofuranoside (3), quercetin-3-O-α-l-rhamnoside (4), quercetin-3-O-β-d-glucopyranoside (5), quercetin-3-O-β-d-galactopyranoside (6), (−)-epicatechin (7), (+)-catechin (8). Total polyphenolic compounds and total flavonoids contents were determined in the extract as 0.107 mg∙mg−1 and 0.023 mg∙mg−1 of the dried extract, respectively. Antioxidant activity using DPPH free radical scavenging assay delivered very strong activity for compounds 2 and 5, 6 and crude extract 10. Protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP-1B) inhibition experiment of isolated compounds and crude extracts resulted in significant inhibition activity for samples 2, 7a, 8a, 11 and 12 with IC50 values ranging from 1.57 to 2.91 µM. Antimicrobial activity of the pure compounds and extracts produced average results against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Candida albicans strains. From our literature survey, it appears that all pure compounds except 2 were isolated and reported for the first time in H. scabrum.
Long-Wavelength InAs/GaAs Quantum-Dot Light Emitting Sources Monolithically Grown on Si Substrate
Authors: Chen Siming , Tang Mingchu , Wu Jiang , Jiang Qi , Dorogan Vitaliy , Benamara Mourad , Mazur Yuriy , Salamo Gregory , Liu Huiyun
Published: June 2015

Direct integration of III–V light emitting sources on Si substrates has attracted significant interest for addressing the growing limitations for Si-based electronics and allowing the realization of complex optoelectronics circuits. However, the high density of threading dislocations introduced by large lattice mismatch and incompatible thermal expansion coefficient between III–V materials and Si substrates have fundamentally limited monolithic epitaxy of III–V devices on Si substrates. Here, by using the InAlAs/GaAs strained layer superlattices (SLSs) as dislocation filter layers (DFLs) to reduce the density of threading dislocations. We firstly demonstrate a Si-based 1.3 µm InAs/GaAs quantum dot (QD) laser that lases up to 111 °C, with a low threshold current density of 200 A/cm2 and high output power over 100 mW at room temperature. We then demonstrate the operation of InAs/GaAs QD superluminescent light emitting diodes (SLDs) monolithically grown on Si substrates. The fabricated two-section SLD exhibits a 3 dB linewidth of 114 nm, centered at ～1255 nm with a corresponding output power of 2.6 mW at room temperature. Our work complements hybrid integration using wafer bonding and represents a significant milestone for direct monolithic integration of III–V light emitters on Si substrates.
Novel Treatment of Chronic Bladder Pain Syndrome and Other Pelvic Pain Disorders by OnabotulinumtoxinA Injection
Authors: Jhang Jia-Fong , Kuo Hann-Chorng
Published: June 2015

Chronic pelvic pain (CPP) is defined as pain in the pelvic organs and related structures of at least 6 months’ duration. The pathophysiology of CPP is uncertain, and its treatment presents challenges. Botulinum toxin A (BoNT-A), known for its antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory, and muscle relaxant activity, has been used recently to treat refractory CPP with promising results. In patients with interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome, most studies suggest intravesical BoNT-A injection reduces bladder pain and increases bladder capacity. Repeated BoNT-A injection is also effective and reduces inflammation in the bladder. Intraprostatic BoNT-A injection could significantly improve prostate pain and urinary frequency in the patients with chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome. Animal studies also suggest BoNT-A injection in the prostate decreases inflammation in the prostate. Patients with CPP due to pelvic muscle pain and spasm also benefit from localized BoNT-A injections. BoNT-A injection in the pelvic floor muscle improves dyspareunia and decreases pelvic floor pressure. Preliminary studies show intravesical BoNT-A injection is useful in inflammatory bladder diseases such as chemical cystitis, radiation cystitis, and ketamine related cystitis. Dysuria is the most common adverse effect after BoNT-A injection. Very few patients develop acute urinary retention after treatment.
Topographie de la ville de Moissac (Tarn-et-Garonne) à la fin du Moyen Âge à partir des estimes de 1480
Authors: Fayolle-Bouillon Estelle
Published: June 2015

Topography of the city of Moissac at the end of the Middle Ages from the “ estimes” or land registry of 1480.

Moissac is famous worldwide for its huge Saint-Pierre Benedictine abbey. The paradox is that we know rather nothing about the city growing at her feet. The study of the “ estimes” book or land registry of Moissac for 1480, with the help of a database, allowed to reconstitute approximately the fragmented land distribution and therefore to sharpen our knowledge about the city topography at the end of the Middle Ages era.
L'évolution de la grande culture et l'érosion des terres dans le Pays de Caux (Trends in land use and soil erosion in the Pays de Caux)
Authors: Ouvry Jean-François
Published: June 2015

Résumé. - L'auteur étudie l'incidence des orientations polyculturales et des nouvelles pratiques culturales sur le niveau de l'érosion. Il évalue l'efficacité et le coût des aménagements anti-érosifs.
Quality of Life of Nasopharyngeal Cancer Survivors in China
Authors: Hong J.S. , Tian J. , Han Q.F. , Ni Q.Y.
Published: June 2015

Purpose: We assessed the quality of life (qol) of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (npc) survivors with a survival time of more than 2 years in Fujian, China, and we analyzed factors influencing qol. Method: We calculated the prevalence of psychological distress and radiotherapy (rt)–induced symptoms in 216 npc survivors who participated in a cross-sectional survey. The European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire (version 3.0) was used to assess the qol of npc survivors. Multiple linear regression was applied to analyze the factors influencing qol. Results: The prevalence rates of rt-induced symptoms and psychological problems were 11.58% (95% ci: 7.21% to 15.58%) for difficulty in swallowing, 17.59% (95% ci: 12.51% to 22.67%) for mouth dryness or sores, 13.89% (95% ci: 9.28% to 18.50%) for nasal dryness or congestion, 18.52% (95% ci: 13.34% to 23.70%) for fatigue, 11.11% (95% ci: 6.92% to 15.30%) for frequent dizziness, 18.06% (95% ci: 12.93% to 23.19%) for decline in hearing, 14.81% (95% ci: 10.07% to 19.55%) for poor sleep quality, 18.52% (95% ci: 13.34% to 23.70%) for worry about disease recurrence, 18.98% (95% ci: 13.75% to 24.21%) for anxiety, and 25.00% (95% ci: 19.23% to 30.77%) for depression. Mean survival times were 4.32 ± 2.63 years in patients with mouth dryness or sores, 4.26 ± 2.90 years in patients with fatigue, and 5.60 ± 2.94 years in patients with a decline in hearing. The mean global qol score was 74.21 (95% ci: 72.22 to 76.20). At a significance level of α = 0.05, the factors influencing qol were age (p = 0.032), education level (p = 0.001), anxiety score (p < 0.001), depression score (p < 0.001), mouth dryness or sores (p < 0.001), fatigue (p = 0.027), and disease stage (p = 0.044). Conclusions: The prevalence rates of mouth dryness or sores, fatigue, decline in hearing, depression, and anxiety were high in npc survivors with a survival time of more than 2 years. These rt-induced symptoms and psychological problems can last for many years after rt. The qol of the npc survivors was good. Factors influencing qol were age, education level, anxiety, depression, mouth dryness or sores, fatigue, and disease stage. Our results suggest that during clinical treatment, doctors should minimize the radiation dose to the ears of patients. In addition, our results emphasize the importance of providing oral and ear nursing and psychological care to npc survivors.
Computed Tomography–Based Distribution of Involved Lymph Nodes in Patients with Upper Esophageal Cancer
Authors: Li M. , Liu Y. , Xu L. , Huang Y. , Li W. , Yu J. , Kong L.
Published: June 2015

Background: Delineating the nodal clinical target volume (CTVn) remains a challenging task in patients with cervical or upper thoracic esophageal carcinoma (EC). In particular, the extent of the lymph area that should be included in the irradiation field remains controversial. In the present study, the extent of the CTVn was determined based on the incidence of lymph node involvement mapped by computed tomography (CT) imaging. Methods: Our study included 468 patients who were diagnosed with cervical and upper thoracic ec and who received staging information between June 2005 and April 2011. The anatomic distribution of metastatic regional lymph nodes was mapped using CT images and grouped using the levels established by the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group. The probability of the various groups being involved was examined. If a lymph node group had a probability of 10% or more of being involved, it was considered at high risk for metastasis, and elective treatment as part of the CTVn was recommended. Results: Lymph node involvement was mapped by CT in 256 patients (54.7%). Not all lymph node groups should be included in the CTVn. For cervical lesions, the involved lymph nodes were located mainly between the hyoid bone and the arcus aortae; the recommended CTVn should consist of the neck lymph nodes at levels iii and iv (supraclavicular group) and thoracic groups 2 and 3P. In upper thoracic ec patients, most of the involved lymph nodes were distributed between the cricoid cartilage and the subcarinal area; the CTVn should cover the supraclavicular group and thoracic nodal groups 2, 3P, 4, 5, and 7. Conclusions: Our CT-based study indicates a specific distribution and incidence of metastatic lymph node groups in patients with cervical and upper thoracic EC. The results suggest that regional lymph node groups should be electively included in the CTVn for precise radiation administration.
Systemic Therapy for Recurrent, Persistent, or Metastatic Cervical Cancer: A Clinical Practice Guideline
Authors: Hirte H. , Kennedy E.B. , Elit L. , Fung Kee Fung M.
Published: June 2015

Background: Systemic therapy options are needed for women with recurrent, metastatic, or persistent cervical cancer. This systematic review and clinical practice guideline were developed to address that need, and to update a 2007 guideline from Cancer Care Ontario’s Program in Evidence-Based Care. Methods: The literature between 2006 and April 2014 in the medline and embase databases, the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (Issue 4, 2014), the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (Issue 3, 2014), relevant guideline databases, and conference proceedings of the American Society of Clinical Oncology (2007–2013) was searched. A working group developed draft guidelines and incorporated comments and feedback from internal and external reviewers. Results: Four phase iii randomized controlled trials met the inclusion criteria for the review and provided the basis for draft recommendations. Feedback was obtained from Ontario practitioners and others abroad, which led to modifications to the draft recommendations. Three key recommendations were developed. Conclusions: The working group concluded that all patients should be offered the opportunity to participate in appropriate randomized clinical trials. Cisplatin–paclitaxel, cisplatin–vinorelbine, cisplatin–gemcitabine, and cisplatin–topotecan are recommended combinations for this patient population. The substitution of carboplatin for cisplatin in the foregoing combinations can also be recommended because carboplatin is associated with fewer adverse effects and greater ease of administration. Selection of combination chemotherapy will depend on the toxicity profile, patient preference, and other factors. Finally, bevacizumab in combination with cisplatin–paclitaxel or carboplatin–paclitaxel is recommended for a specific subset of the target population as outlined in Gynecologic Oncology Group study 0240.
Have We Given up on a Cure for Ovarian Cancer?
Authors: Narod S.A.
Published: June 2015

In December 2014, on the force Web site, executive director Sue Friedman, heralded a game-changing holiday gift for people with BRCA mutations: “Today is a landmark for the hboc [hereditary breast and ovarian cancer] community” [...]
Book Review: Therapeutic Revolution: The History of Medical Oncology From Early Days to the Creation of the Subspecialty
Authors: Ragaz J. , Shakeraneh S.
Published: June 2015

Dr. Pierre Band’s book on The History of Medical Oncology from Early Days does matter—particularly nowadays, in the era of fast developments and a rising number of subspecialties with language at times too specialized to follow. From that perspective, the book’s largely educational and detailed portrayal of medical oncology is hugely refreshing [...]
Message from the Publisher
Authors:   Multimed Inc.
Published: June 2015

Current Oncology has made great strides over the years to improve the quality, success, and sustainability of our renowned journal. [...]
Formation of substrate-based gold nanocage chains through dealloying with nitric acid
Authors: Yan Ziren , Wu Ying , Di Junwei
Published: June 2015

Metal nanocages have raised great interest because of their new properties and wide applications. Here, we report on the use of galvanic replacement reactions to synthesize substrate-supported Ag–Au nanocages from silver templates electrodeposited on transparent indium tin oxide (ITO) film coated glass. The residual Ag in the composition was dealloyed with 10% nitric acid. It was found that chains of Au nanocages were formed on the substrate surface during dealloying. When the concentration of HNO3 increased to 20%, the structures of nanocages were damaged and formed crescent or semi-circular shapes. The transfer process on the substrate surface was discussed.
Energy Harvesting from Wastewater Using Nanofluidic Reverse Electrodialysis
Authors: Kwon Kilsung , Li Longnan , Kim Daejoong
Published: June 2015

Energy is one of the most important issues in the world owing to the steady growth of energy demands, serious concern about fossil fuel exhaustion, and environmental problems. Reverse electrodialysis (RED), which is a technique to capture the useful energy from mixing the solutions of different concentration, is recently recognized as an efficient method to alleviate the current issue associated with the energy. This chapter reviews the RED studies using nanoporous membranes (named as nanofluidic reverse electordialysis, NRED) in place of conventional polymer membranes having no physical pore. This chapter is made up six parts: the mechanism, the fabrication of nanostructures, the influence of operating parameters (concentration gradient and pore size), the materials, the efforts on enhancing performance (surface modification technique and large area platform), the numerical modeling, and, lastly, the feasible applications.
Evaluating the Smart and Sustainable Built Environment in Urban Planning
Authors: Lombardi Patrizia , Giordano Silvia
Published: June 2015

The measurement of urban performance is one of the important ways in which one can assess the complexity of urban change, and judge which projects and solutions are more appropriate in the context of smart and sustainable urban development. This chapter introduces a new system for measuring urban performances. This is the result of two years of joint cooperation between the authors and the Italian iiSBE members group. It is based on previous research findings in the field of evaluation systems for the sustainable built environment. This new approach is useful for evaluating smart and sustainable urban redevelopment planning solutions, as it is based on benchmarking approaches and multi-scalar quantitative performance indicators (KPIs), from individual building level to city level. A number of important implications of the main findings of this study are set out in the concluding section, together with suggestions for future research.
Challenges and Opportunities for the Development and Management of Urban Green Areas in Addis Ababa
Authors: Kefelew Gebrye , Lika Tebarek
Published: June 2015

This chapter examines the challenges of, and opportunities for, the development and management of cooperative housing green areas and street trees. To deal with this issue effectively, the study employed mixed research methods and used questionnaires, in-depth interviews, focus group discussions, observations and desk reviews, for the purposes of data collection. The findings of this study identify a lack of awareness on the part of the public and of government employees, weak institutional capacities, a lack of coordination among stakeholders, and the absence of clear ownership and enforcement mechanisms, as representing the major challenges impacting the development and management of cooperative housing green areas and street trees. Therefore, in order to develop and manage these green areas properly, the study recommends that the good will, the coordination and the efforts of all stakeholders, including communities, government authority, and non-governmental bodies, be enhanced and duly coordinated.
Visualising Data for Smart Cities
Authors: Batty Michael , Hudson-Smith Andrew , Hugel Stephan , Roumpani Flora
Published: June 2015

This chapter introduces a range of analytics being used to understand the smart city, which depends on data that can primarily be understood using new kinds of scientific visualisation. We focus on short term routine functions that take place in cities which are being rapidly automated through various kinds of sensors, embedded into the physical fabric of the city itself or being accessed from mobile devices. We first outline a concept of the smart city, arguing that there is a major distinction between the ways in which technologies are being used to look at the short and long terms structure of cities, and we then focus on the shorter term, first examining the immediate visualisation of data through dashboards, then examining data infrastructures such as map portals, and finally introducing new ways of visualising social media which enable us to elicit the power of the crowd in providing and supplying data. We conclude with a brief focus on how new urban analytics is emerging to make sense of these developments.
Energy Investment in Smart Cities Unlocking Financial Instruments in Europe
Authors: Medda Francesca Romana , Partridge Candace , Carbonaro Gianni
Published: June 2015

The intense pressures being brought to bear by the increasing diversity in European urban development patterns call for innovative funding mechanisms to promote smart sustainable urban development, most notably in the energy sector. Currently in Europe, various policy initiatives support sustainable urban development through financial engineering mechanisms operating at municipal and regional scales. The objective of this chapter is to review the main financial mechanisms focusing on energy, and in particular on urban investments committed to a highly energy-efficient, and low carbon, economy. Within this framework we assert that, in order to achieve the EU sustainable urban development outcomes, specific European financial instruments will need to be considered as viable key investment options. The structure and operational features of European Financial Instruments are explored here in the case of the Urban Development Fund implemented in London. We also discuss the importance of ESCOs and crowdfunding as essential funding sources for community energy projects, and suggest that European policy should recognise their importance.
A Holistic Model for Linking Sustainability, Sustainable Development, and Strategic Innovation in the Context of Globalization
Authors: Rainey David L.
Published: June 2015

This chapter presents the foundations of a holistic model for connecting the key elements necessary for corporations to adopt sustainability and sustainable development in the context of the global economy and strategic innovation. The complexities of doing business on a global scale have increased dramatically over the last two decades. While sustainability involves many perspectives, strategies, actions, and management constructs, the chapter focuses on how global corporations employ strategic innovations in response to driving forces in the global economy and how they can improve their level of management sophistication in a turbulent business environment. The holistic model focuses on strategic innovations that provide more positve aspects and fewer negative ones since innovations have the potential to create dramatic new solutions with exceptional value and to eliminate or reduce negative effects and impacts. Strategic innovations include radical technological innovations, business model innovations, product developments, and organizational developments that are game changers.
ICTs in Schools and Their Relationship with Indigenous Communities of Patagonia
Authors: Caldas Flavio Leandro , Giglioli Leandro Norberto
Published: June 2015

UNESCO indicates that one of the biggest problems we face in the early twenty-first century is the abolition of differences between individuals and cultures. Intercultural education is therefore paramount. With their potential for allowing members of different countries and cultures to meet and interact, ICTs (Information and Communication Technologies) offer an interesting array of tools for tackling this matter. Argentina acknowledges the right of indigenous people to access bilingual and intercultural education, and seeks to improve teachers' skills to achieve a better quality of education that allows equal opportunities. However, the reality is that schools in the Patagonian province of Neuquén are still far from achieving this target. This article presents data on the use of ICTs in Patagonian schools, based on the opinion of students from both aboriginal and urban backgrounds. It also analyzes the relationship between students' performance and the use of technological tools.