bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ANALYSIS OF CONSOLIDATION BEHAVIOR OF SUBSOILS UNDER CYCLIC TRAPEZOIDAL LOADING
Authors: Alkaissi Zainab Ahmed , Al Khafagy Duraid Ali
Published: March 2024

This paper is aiming to develop a numerical procedure using the finite element method for theanalysis of soil consolidation by taking into consideration the loading and unloading cycles withparticular emphases on the pore pressure built up. The study is concerned with trapezoidal cyclicloading. The shear stresses that are developed in the subsoil due to cyclic loading cause shear strainsand change in the mean normal stresses due to distortion of soil element. Biot’s consolidation theorythat adopted in this study may be able to take these changes into consideration. The results indicatedthat the excess pore water pressure increases with load cycles and finally, a steady state conditions arereached. This may be attributed to the undrained cyclic shearing stresses to the origin initial cyclicshear stress ratio. Also it can be explained that when the load is applied very fast the collapse loadapproaches that undrained conditions, whereas when the load is applied very slowly the collapse loadapproaches that under drained conditions. When the elastoplastic model is considered the pore pressureare considerably larger than those predicted by the elastic consolidation analysis. This can be attributedto the plastic volume strain that have been taken into consideration in the elastoplastic model.
EFFECT OF AL HUWAYZA MARSH BOUNDARY CONFIGURATION ON THE VELOCITY PATTERNS AND WATER QUALITY DISTRIBUTION
Authors: Al Zubaidy Riyadh Z. , Kareem Shaimaa U.
Published: March 2024

A two-dimensional depth-averaged hydrodynamic model and a two-dimensional waterquality parameters transport model were developed to simulate the characteristics of AlHuwayza Marsh, which is considered the largest and most important marsh in the south ofIraq. The hydrodynamic model for Al Huwayza Marsh was built by using RMA2 model,while the water quality model was built by using RMA4 model. These two models are part ofSurface Water Modeling System, SMS, software package.To investigate the effect of the marsh boundary configuration on the variation of thevelocity pattern and the water quality within the marsh, both of the hydrodynamic and thewater quality models were applied to three cases of boundary configuration of Al HuwayzaMarsh. The first case represents the natural extension of the marsh boundary. The second caserepresents the existing boundary configuration of the marsh, in which the south west of themarsh is bounded by a dyke. The third case represents the Iraqi part of the marsh bounded bythe south west dyke and a dyke along the Iraq-Iranian borders, which when completed willseparate the marsh into two parts.Models runs were based on above cases of Al Huwayza Marsh boundary configurationand topographical survey, hydrological measurements and routing, and water qualitymeasurements carried out by the Center of Rehabilitation of Iraqi Marshlands. Discharges ofall feeders and stages of the outlets are considered for wet, normal, and dry years. Feeder’sseasonal discharges were averaged. High and low concentrations of three selected waterquality parameters of the marsh feeders were adopted in the model runs.Generally, it was found that the flow velocities are relatively high at the inlets andoutlets of the marsh. The construction of the dyke along the Iraqi-Iranian border leads tovariation in the direction of water flow in all portions of the marsh and a great reduction inAsSuwayb River discharge. While, a slight effect was noticed in the mixing process of thefeeders’ water of different concentration in case three compared to other cases
NUMERICAL INVESTIGATION OF THE CAVITATION IN PUMP INDUCER
Authors: AL-Saffar Mishaal A. , Abdullah Najdat N. , Jalil Jalal M.
Published: March 2024

A numerical investigation of the non-cavitating and cavitating performance of a three-blade pump inducer under nominal and off-design operating conditions is presented. Three different simulated hydrofoils; a flat plate, “NACA0004", and "Clark-Y-6%" has been selected to represent the profile of the inducer blade. A 2D, steady, incompressible, turbulent, and isothermal flow field between the inducer blades is simulated using the FVM. The "Interface Tracking" model is selected to predict the cavity profile of the attached cavitation and the cavitating performance drop. For each blade profile, the influence of solidity in the range of (1.8 to 3.0) and blade angle in the range of (20° to 35°) on the inducer performance is studied. Comparing the present model with available experimental and numerical results, confirms that the developed model well predicts the general non-cavitating performance for an inducer having a flat plate blade profile. For "NACA0004", or "Clark-Y-6%" hydrofoil blade profiles, a reduction in the operating range of these inducers is produced. In addition, the developed model predicts the inception of cavitation earlier than the experimental results. The predicted cavitating head drop curve of an inducer having a flat plate blade profile is compared with available experimental results and a good agreement is obtained. The drop curve occurs suddenly and simultaneously with the experimental one. For "NACA0004“, or "Clark-Y-6%" hydrofoil blade profiles, a smooth curves with simultaneous or gradual head drop occurs with the experimental one, respectively. Generally, the agreement between the results is satisfactory
EFFECT OF OBSTACLE IN RIVER ON THE HEAT DISSIPATION OF HOT WATER INJECTION
Authors: Fleh Ayser M.
Published: March 2024

Numerical analysis of the cooling process of hot water discharge from a steam power plant into a river has been carried out in the present study. A mathematical model describing the flow field and temperature distribution induced in the river as a result of the cooling process is made based upon the assumptions of steady state, two-dimensional, turbulent flow, in the horizontal plane. The governing equations are the continuity, the momentum, the (К-ε) turbulence model and the energy equation. A proper initial and boundary condition are specified to be used in the solution of the governing equations. A numerical solution of the governing equations is made by using the control volume approach, with non-staggered grid technique and modified SIMPLE algorithm. The numerical solution is capable of calculating the velocity and temperature distributions of the calculation domain. The numerical results show that the developed algorithm is capable of calculating the flow field, properly and accurately. Results are obtained for ten cases of configuration, constant aspect ratio and weather conditions for Baghdad. The results show that the injection velocity effect on the temperature distribution and stream line , the exist of obstacle and its distance from the injection zone but the increase in injection temperature cause a small effect on temperature distribution and stream line.
VARIABLE VOLTAGE - FREQUENCY CONTROL OF A SINGLE PHASE INDUCTION MOTOR DRIVEN BY SHEPWM INVERTER
Authors: Abdul-Jabbar Ali Hussein
Published: March 2024

Single phase AC induction motors are one of the widely used motors in the world, yet relatively little woke has been done in the applications of power electronic converter to these motors to achieve variable speed operation. When variable speed is required, it is usually achieved either by using auto transformer or by switching between two or more fixed winding configurations. The motor is analyzed as an unbalanced two phase system to determine the torque that can be expected under variable frequency control.The performance of capacitor-run single phase induction motor used in SHEPWM adjustable speed drives in the steady-state is investigated. The supply voltage-frequency law for the motor is selected in such a way as to insure a correct operation of the motor over the whole speed range.
DOWEL ACTION BETWEEN TWO CONCRETES
Authors: Husain Husain M. , Oukaili Nazar K. , Muhammed Hakim S.
Published: March 2024

This paper reports eight tests in which in-plane shear forces are applied across the joint between two different concretes forming a composite action. Shear can be transmitted across the joint either by interlocking of the aggregate particles protruding from each face or by shearing of the reinforcement crossing the joint. Tests are conducted on initially cracked specimens by depending only on dowel action. The results of the tests are compared with theoretical results of the exponential equation presented by Millard and Johnson. The computer program of Al-Shaarbaf using the nonlinear behavior of concreteis used to perform the analysis with inclusion of the exponential equation for dowel action in the interface layer. The program uses 20-node brick elements with embedded bar elements. This program is also applied to Hofbeck et al. tests. The comparison shows that the experimental and the analytical results give good agreement where the difference between the two is between (2.5-5)% . The use of the exponential equation gives good results when the concrete is assumed to be initially cracked as in construction joints.
SPLIT ASSIGNMENT WITH TRANSPORTATION MODEL FOR JOB-SHOP LOADING (CASE STUDY)
Authors: Mahmoud Khallel Ibrahim
Published: March 2024

The aim of this paper, is to analyze the assignment problem in industry where the constraint of allowing to allocate only one job to each machine is relaxed. Thus, splitting the job is permitted and processed by more than one machine. The problem is demonstrated with a real life case study. We solved the problem by splitting the jobs and converting lot of jobs as well as the actual hours of each machine to Standard Machine Hours (SMH). Transportation model is also suggested to overcome the problem, and the optimum solution is obtained by using POM software
Optimum Sit Selection of Services by means Buffer Zones Techniques
Authors: حمودي فراس ثامر
Published: March 2024

تعد العدالة في توزيع الخدمات مكانها من المتطلبات الرئيسة ضمن عمل المخطط الحضري و الإقليمي ، لذا فقد شغل بال هذه الفئة من الباحثين إيجاد أو الاعتماد على سبل عديدة تساعد في تحقيق هذا التوزيع المثاني المناطق الخدمة المختلفة في المدينة. و كان النظام المعلومات الجغرافية (GIS) دورا بارزا في تذليل العديد من صعوبات العمل التي يواجهها واضعو الخطط الحصرية و الاقليمية على حد سواء، وخصوصا فيما يتعلق بعمليات التوزيع المكاني سواء للخدمات لم لغيرها من مقومات الهيكل الحضري أو الإقليمي ... وذلك من خلال التحديد الدقيق للمواقع الجغرافية واجراء العديد من متطلبات عمل المخططبصورة سريعة و دقيقة و للعديد من المواقع و البيانات في أن واحد ، و من بين هذه الوسائل المهمة في نظام المعلومات الجغرافية هو بناء الحواجز Buffering او ما يدعى ( بنطاق التأثير أو التاثر ) ، و جاء هذا البحث ليوضح بعض طرق استخدام عملية بناء الحواجز في منهجية التخطيط الحضري والإقليمي ، مستعينا باحدى الظواهر المهمة المتمثلة في توزيع مدارس التعليم الثانوي في احدى بلديات مدينة بغداد .
Architectural Transformations in Holy Cities Center “ The holy city of Najaf as model ”
Authors: شاهين بهجت رشاد , كمونة حسن حيدر عبد الرزاق
Published: March 2024

تعد التحولات العمرانية من القضايا المهمة التي شغلت العاملين في حقل العمارة وتصميم المدن . وان مراكز المدن المقدسة الاسلامية قد تأثرت وبشكل واضح وكبير بالتحولات الناتجة عن ازدياد الحاجات الانسانية والتقدم الحضاري والتكنولوجي ( الغير مدروس ) . وتظهر مشكلة البحث بصورة جلية في عملية التطور والتوسع للمدن المقدسة التي تمر في مرحلة صعبة بالنسبة لنسيجها التقليدي من جراء ما اصابها من تمزق في نسيجها وتحولها الى نسيج مفكك بعيداً عن نمط العمارة العربية الاسلامية التقليدية وذلك من خلال ادخال عناصر غريبة من الطرز والتفاصيل المعمارية غير الملائمة مع النسيج العمراني التقليدي ان عدم وجود وعي عام للمحافظة على الابنية والمدن التاريخية المقدسة سواء عند الافراد او المجتمع او دوائر الدولة هو أساس المشكلة ، وتوصل البحث الى ان الحل يأتي من خلال مواجهة هذا التيار الجارف العملية التحضر المفرط والتحول السريع الذي رافقه نبذ للاشكال والصيغ العمرانية التقليدية والتوجه نحو اقتباس المفاهيم الغربية دون تحسس لطبيعة الموروث الحضاري والمعماري للمدن المقدسة وامكانية ترابط هذه المفاهيم مع الواقع القائم . وانطلاقا من ذلك جاءت اهمية القيام بدراسة المركز التاريخي لمدينة النجف الأشرف حتى نتمكن من المحافظة على هويتها وشخصيتها التاريخية ذات الطابع الديني المميز للاجيال القادمة كنموذج للمدن المقدسة ذات طابع العمارة الأسلامية التقليدية وقد قسم البحث إلى محورين رئيسيين المحور الأول يدرس مفهوم التحولات عموماً والمحور الثاني يدرس التحولات في المركز التاريخي لمدينة النجف الاشرف القديمة .
MOIDIEFIED VERSION OF ADJUSTED STEP SIZE LMS ALGORITHIM (MASSLMS) FOR ADAPTIVE LINEAR FIR EQUALIZER
Authors: Jamel Thamer M.
Published: March 2024

In this paper a Modified version of Adjusted Step Size Least Mean Square algorithm (MASSLMS) is proposed which overcome and avoid one of the drawback of the standard LMS and our previous proposed algorithm Adjusted Step Size Least Mean Square algorithm (ASSLMS). This drawback is the requirement of a statistical knowledge of the input signal prior to the starting training of the algorithm which is necessary to determine the fixed value of the maximum step size (i.e. the upper bound value) in the initialization stage of the ASSLMS algorithm. In this proposed algorithm an appropriate time varying value of the maximum step size was calculated based on inversely proportional of the instantaneous energy of the input signal vector. Then this time varying upper bound value of the step size is used to guarantee the stability of adjusted step size of the algorithm which is a recursively adjusted based on rough estimate of the performance surface gradient square . The proposed algorithm does not need trial and error for choosing the value of the maximum step size (μMAX) compared with ASSLMS and standard LMS algorithms. The proposed algorithm shows through computer simulation results faster and low level of miss-adjustment in the steady state compared with LMS and ASSLMS for three different types of channel in adaptive linear equalizer system.
INTEGRATION OF MOBILE PHONES INTO LAN ENVIRONMENT
Authors: Ali Hamid M. , Al-Qassar Mohammed Dhiyaa
Published: March 2024

The aim of this paper is to integrate mobile phones into LANs by connecting the two parties and providing the mobile with a transparent access to the services and resources hosted by the LAN. Quick assessment of the typical related approaches for accessing LAN (like WLAN and Bluetooth BNEP) shows that they are inappropriate for mobile phones. The paper further inspects the LAN access approach based on Bluetooth PAN Profile and marking up its potential drawbacks. A modified approach is proposed and implemented by altering the access nature or model from peer-to-peer communication to a client/server service providing, and switching from BNEP to RFCOMM protocol.
THE EFFECT OF SELF-EQUILIBRATING STRESSES DUE TO MULTI-LINE SPOT WELDED STIFFENERS ON THE NATURAL FREQUENCIES OF PLATE
Authors: Mustafa Faiz F. , Salloomi Kareem N. , Saliman Sahar M.
Published: March 2024

In this paper an investigation has been made into the effect of residual stresses on the vibration characteristics of a thin rectangular stainless steel plate with multi-line spot welded stiffeners. A new general frequency equation with and without the effect of residual stresses due to multi-line spot welding along the length and width of the plate for different boundary conditions were obtained. The results give that the free ends tries to increase the natural frequencies while the clamped edges try to decrease the natural frequencies; also the central position weld line has the great influence on the natural frequencies.
SOME PROPERTIES OF HIGH PERFORMANCE CARBON FIBRES CEMENT COMPOSITES
Authors: Al – Jalawi Nada.
Published: March 2024

The paper presents properties of high performance concrete reinforced with relatively high percentage of choped carbon fibers vol. fraction ranging from (1 to 5) %. The great advantage of such composites is their relatively high flexural strength. A low water to cement ratio of 0.3 with super plasticizer was used in order to keep the cement mix easily workable. To improve the properties, a locally existing pozzolan based on reactive meta- kaolin was used in the mixture together with silica sand. A high modulus carbon fibers (450 KN/mm2) were also used. In addition to the flexural strength, dynamic modulus of elastisity were found using dynamic methods.The results showed that the specimen failed in flexureal by a single crack although the ultimate tensile strength and the stiffness of the composite were increased as the fibers content was increased.
DEMULSIFICATION OF CUTTING FLUID BEFORE DISPOSAL TO THE ENVIRONMENT
Authors: Sulaymon Abbas Hamid , Thuaban Laith Hamzah
Published: March 2024

In this research the treatment of 7201 cutting fluid was carried out to decrease its environmental impact on water resources after being used and being less effective due to the action of contaminants.The breaking of emulsion was carried out using two methods: The first method was by using acid and/or heat. 1 molar sulfuric acid was used to decrease pH to 1.5 whth heating the emulsion to 90 ºC. It was found that the acid is the dominating factor in emulsion breaking and the maximum efficiency achieved was 85% after one day using (10335 ppm) sulfuric acid. The second method was by using two different types of coagulants calcium chloride (CaCl2) and ferric chloride (FeCl3) at different emulsified oil concentrations (2, 4, 6, 8, 10% by volume.), and the residual oil concentration in water layer was measured for each experiment.It was found that using ferric chloride (FeCl3) gave the best emulsion breaking and least residual oil concentration in water layer for all emulsified oil concentrations.
CORRECTION PROCEDURE FOR THE DETERMINATION OF SOIL SPECIFIC SURFACE
Authors: Al-Hadidy Maysm Th.
Published: March 2024

Specific surface has a very important role in geotacnic especially with that home dell with gypseous soils or other types of salty soils. Because its calculation need for high accuracy, a procedure is presented to calculate a correction factor for Specific surface determination.In a previous work, grain size distribution curves of many soil samples are collected. A value for the specific surface of each soil is determined summing the surface area of subintervals in the distribution curve.In this work, the values of specific surface are obtained from these gradation curves and compared to those calculated using the values of the equivalent diameter for each soil. Fitting has been made and gets the best equation representing these points. From this equation, new values for specific surface are obtained by interning the specific surface calculated from the equivalent diameter and again the point is draw with the origin point (specific surface obtained from these gradation curves). Fitting is made again and the new equation is obtained. Finally, the equation of the calculated corrected specific surface is written. The results showed a very good agreement when using the corrected procedure.
PARALLEL FUZZY LOGIC CONTROLLER IMPLEMENTATION USING MPICH2
Authors: AL-Hashemy Bakir A.R. , Mahfoodh AboTalib H.
Published: March 2024

In this work FLC program is implemented using C++ codes. Two implementations are presented one with the rules stored inside the program, the other with rules in a rulebase file. The execution times of these two implementations, along with MATLAB FLC implementation, are compared using different simulated FLCs. Furthermore, to reduce the rulebase searching time, a parallel FLC is implemented using C++ and MPI (Message Passing Interface). The MPICH2 package is used to run the parallel FLC. A cluster of four computers is used as the parallel environment. The execution time of this FLC program is evaluated using servomotor, Anti Skid System, and other simulated applications. The speedup and efficiency are studied using different number of computers. The results show that decomposing the rulebase searching operation to more than a computer reduce the execution time significantly.
SHEAR CAPACITY OF CONCRETE PRISMS WITH INTERFACE JOINTS
Authors: Aziz Riyadh Jawad
Published: March 2024

Construction joints are frequently used in engineering structures for various reasons. When the size of the structure is relatively large stoppage of concrete casting at certain locations is necessary. Stoppage of casting may also occurs due to sudden failure of mixing machines, or when the concrete stock ingredients runs out of materials, or when weather conditions do not permit casting operations to continue. If stoppage of concreting occurs, a joint between old and new concrete forms, it is then necessary to evaluate the horizontal shear capacity at the interface between old and new concretes to prevent progressive slip from taking place and to insure satisfactory performance of the structure.A total of 16 push-off tests were performed to quantify the shear strength capacity at the interface between old and new concretes and to recommend the necessary practice for such circumstances. Test parameters include different interface surfaces smooth and rough with and without shear keys. The variables also include presence of shear reinforcement across the interface surfaces.Test results have indicated that leaving concrete surface at the end of casting rough with shear keys is essential to restore part of shear resistance between old and new concretes. Presence of shear reinforcement further improves the shear resistance at the interfaces. It was found that the average nominal shear capacity of concrete at the interface relative to the nominal shear capacity of control specimens cast monolithically is about 43% for rough surfaces having amplitude of 6mm and 55% for rough surfaces with shear keys. When 3-Φ10 shear reinforcement is used along rough interface, shear resistance increased to 62% relative to the shear capacity of control specimens cast monolithically.
USING PERSONAL COMPUTER FOR VIBRATION MEASUREMENTS AND ROTOR BALANCING
Authors: Ahmed Roshen Tariq , Salman Ayad Mahmoud , Ibrahem Waleed Khalid
Published: March 2024

Most prime movers have vibrational problems due to the inherent unbalance in the engines. The unbalance may be due to faulty design or poor manufacture. Naturally, the structures designed to support heavy centrifugal machines, like motors, turbines and reciprocating pumps, are also subjected to vibration. In all these situations, the structure or machine component subject to vibration can fail because of material fatigue resulting from the cyclic variation of the induced stress. Furthermore, the vibration causes more rapid wear of machine parts such as bearings and gears and also creates excessive noise.This research is an example in the field of reducing as much as possible the vibration. To accomplish this, a digital instrument, based on an industrial computer, designed to measure the vibration level and rotor speed. Thereafter, displaying the required amount of weight that must be added or removed from blade in order to reduce the unbalance, which cause vibration
FAULT TREE ANALYSIS AS A MODERN TECHNIQUE FOR INVESTIGATING CAUSES OF SOME CONSTRUCTION PROJECT PROBLEMS
Authors: Burhan Abbas M.
Published: March 2024

Construction projects contain many problems that can occur during the execution. Each problem results from many causes. Fault tree analysis (FTA) technique is a graphical model for analyzing causes of a problem (or undesired event) using logic gates to describe combinations of individual faults that can create an undesired event. Each level of the tree lists the lower level events that are necessary to cause the event shown in the level above it. The assessment process of a problem with FTA technique can be divided into two types: qualitative and quantitative assessment. As a case study to apply FTA technique in construction field, the researcher studied a building in Baghdad that had punching shear problem to analyze the causes lead to this problem.This research aims to introduce the main principles of FTA technique and how to use in identifying and analyzing the causes of problems that can occur in the construction projects. Also, it aims to compute the probability of occurrence of any problem or undesired event.
FREQUENCY DOMAIN EQUALIZATION TECHNIQUES FOR MULTICODE DS-CDMA IN FREQUENCY SELECTIVE RAYLEIGH FADING CHANNEL
Authors: Zia Maha George , Dawood Sameer Akram
Published: March 2024

Orthogonal multicode direct sequence code division multiple access (DS-CDMA) has the flexibility in offering high data rate services. However, in a frequency-selective fading channel, the bit error rate (BER) performance is severely degraded since the orthogonality among spreading codes is partially lost. In this paper, frequency-domain equalization (FDE) and space antenna diversity combining are applied to orthogonal multicode DS-CDMA in order to restore the code orthogonality and improve the BER performance of the system. Two methods of FDE are considered, the first method based on fast Fourier transform (FFT), while the second method based on circulant matrices. Moreover, a channel interleaving method, called chip interleaving is used to improve the performance of multicode DS-CDMA system.
MODELING AND SIMULATION OF A BUCK CONVERTER CONTROLLED A SENSORLESS DC SERIES MOTOR
Authors: Jassim Bassim M.H. , Ali Tagreed M.
Published: March 2024

This paper presents modeling and simulation of a speed sensorless control for dc series motor driven by a buck converter through computation of the motor speed from converter output voltage and current. The system model considers the nonlinearity of the series motor magnetization characteristics including the variation of the field inductance with the motor current.
HYDRODYNAMIC STUDIES OF BED EXPANSION IN LIQUID SOLID FLUIDIZED BED
Authors: Mohammed Sawsan A. M.
Published: March 2024

Expanded bed behavior was modeled by using the Richardson-Zaki correlation between the superficial velocity of the feed stream and the void fraction of the bed at moderate Reynolds number. The terminal velocity expression was developed by introducing two empirical parameters, the effective diameter of the particles and an exponent for the    p l l l     2  term. The Richardson-Zaki exponent constant (n) was found to vary with the density ratio   p l l    and diameter ratio d D p . It was noted that when the density ratio   p l l    is less than one, there is no dense phase at the bottom of the test section. However, for density ratio   p l l    greater than unity, there exists accelerating or dense regime at the bottom of the test section.
ESTIMATION OF RUNOFF FOR GOIZHA-DABASHAN WATERSHED WITH AID OF REMOTE SENSING TECHNIQUES
Authors: Ali Ahmed A.M. , Al-Thamiry Hayder A. , Alazawi Saddam Qahtan
Published: March 2024

Estimation of runoff volume and peak runoff is necessary for designing and operating the dams. One of the accepted models for estimating the runoff is HEC-1 model. Two methods were used in this study to estimate the runoff in Goizha-Dabashan watershed, 2.02 km2, Rational method and Soil Conservation Service curve number method (SCS-CN). Satellite image from Landsat-7 (ETM+) was used to develop land use and soil type maps. Watershed was delineated from DEM (http: //www.emrl.byu. edu/gsdu) with resolution 10 m with aid of WMS 7.1 software. Runoff coefficient was calculated by inverse the Rational equation. Manual calibration was performed until the Nash-Sutcliffe coefficient gives the best results. Results showed that the runoff coefficient is 0.05 and the curve number value for conditions II and III are 75 and 80.5 respectively after calibration. Also, curve number method is better than Rational method for estimating the peak runoff discharge.
الفكر الرومانسي في العمارة
Authors: Al-Sadkhan Areage Karim , Al-Ubidi Reem Nihad Abdul-Karim
Published: March 2024

شهد العالم المعاصر سلسلة من النزاعات والأزمات والحروب، فض ً لا عن صرامة الحياة، والتسارع التكنولوجي. فكان لابد مناستحضار الفكر الرومانسي لتنشيط الحياة من جديد. فالرومانسية تمثل العالم الداخلي للإنسان والحياة الوجدانية الخفية، والتيينبع منها طموح الإنسان في محاولته إرضاء مثله السامية.جاء البحث مهتمًا بدراسة الفكر الرومانسي وتأثيره في العمارة. ولكون أكثر الدراسات والطروحات الأدبية تناولت مفهومالرومانسية كونه توجهًا يقابل الكلاسيكية وانه كأحد التوجهات المعمارية التي ظهرت في القرن التاسع عشر، غافلة هذهالدراسات فكرة استمراريته عبر العصور. لذلك تمثلت مشكلة البحث الرئيسية في: غياب الفهم الدقيق لطبيعة الفكرالرومانسي في العمارة، واستدامتة في العمارة وخاصة المعاصرة منها. ولذلك تحدد هدف البحث في تأشير وإظهار الأوجهالمتنوعة للفكر الرومانسي في العمارة والحركات المعمارية المعاصرة، مستكشفًا الدور الذي يلعبه هذا الفكر في رسم ملامحالعمارة وحركاتها المختلفة. وتطلب تحقيق هذا الهدف بناء الإطار النظري للبحث، واستنتاج مفردات الفكر الرومانسي،وتطبيقها على عينة منتخبة للتأكد من صحتها، ومن ثم تطبيقها على مشاريع معمارية معاصرة.
IMAGE BASED MULTI-LENGTH RANDOM KEY GENERATOR
Authors: Sabir Firas Ali , Abdulhussain Sadiq Habeeb
Published: March 2024

Random Number Generators (RNGs) are an important building block for algorithms and protocols incryptography. They are dominant in the construction of encryption keys and other cryptographic algorithm parameters. In practice, statistical testing is employed to gather evidence that a generator indeed produces numbers that appear to be random. In this paper a new algorithm is proposed to generate variable length random binary sequence. The random sequence is generated by selecting different point from hashed digital images; the selecting process is organized in such a way to ensure randomness and to avoid regeneration of same sequence within a year. The generated sequences are tested to meet the National Institute of Standard and Technology (NIST) criteria. In proposed algorithm the traditional key exchange is not needed which gives advantage to the system from the security point of view. This proposed algorithm is capable of generating random binary sequences that can meet security requirements of cryptographic algorithms.
The Effect of Fracturing Fluids Types on Reservoir Fracture Geometry, Production, and Net Present Value
Authors: Hasan Hiba Ali , Hamad-Allah Sameera
Published: March 2024

Unconventional reservoirs are distributed over a broad area and only generate commercial quantities of hydrocarbon using specialized technology. Tight reservoirs are reservoirs with permeability less than 0.1md. One of the leading oil fields in Iraq is Halfaya field. The tight reservoir is Saadi. It is a carbonate reservoir with poor petrophysical characteristics, moderate pores, and limited pore throats, so production from these reservoirs require hydraulic fracturing. The hydraulic fracturing can be carried out using fracturing fluid. The selection of fracturing fluids should be selected as the first step in fracturing design. The objective of this research is to find out the effect of fracturing fluids on the shape of the fracture formed. Three designs were constructed based on the fracturing fluids used to build fracturing models, where three kinds of fracturing fluids were used slickwater, guar, and hybrid (combination of slickwater and guar) with a pump rate 31.5 bpm. In the first design, the fracture's height extends up and down the Saadi formation due to the presence of fragile layers around Saadi formation, so fluids are produced from these three formations. In the second design, the fracture's height is limited within the Saadi formation from the top but extends to the Tanuma from below, and therefore the production will be from the Saadi and Tanuma reservoirs. Three hybrid treatments were analysed: 30% guar & 70% slickwater, 50% guar & 50% slickwater, and 70% guar & 30% slickwater. The results show that the third design (50% guar & 50% slickwater) give the best oil production and NPV.
Emotional classroom climate from a psychological perspective
Authors: Kuzle Ana
Published: March 2024

Classroom climate is a rich and an important research concept due to the early discovery of a relationship between positive classroom climate and academic performance and motivation, engagement, participation, and attitude towards school and teaching. In this paper, I focus on the elements of the psychological dimension of emotional classroom climate and the kind of emotional classroom climate in Grade 3 (N = 25) and Grade 6 (N = 28) school mathematics in the context of geometry lessons by using participant-produced drawings. The students illustrated different elements of the psychological dimension of the emotional classroom climate through physical facial and body features as well as thoughts. Furthermore, the results showed that the emotional classroom climate in both grades was mainly positive, with a negative tendency in Grade 6. The results are discussed not only regarding the research goals, but also regarding their theoretical, practical, and methodological implications.
Evaluation of the effects of compressive dressing after interventional procedures via radial approach
Authors: Canedo Fernando , Oliveira Larissa , Prudente Mauricio , Demuner Patrícia , Rodrigues Débora , Gardenghi Giulliano , Souza Anna , Araujo Adriano
Published: March 2024

Background External compressive devices after radial puncture for cardiac catheterization and percutaneous coronary intervention aim at hemostasis, patient comfort, and safety. The objective of the study was to evaluate patients undergoing invasive coronary procedures by radial approach, in which a low-cost compressive dressing developed at the service was used, assessing its safety and the occurrence of complications. Methods Patients undergoing coronary angiography and percutaneous coronary intervention, evaluated at the time of removal of compressive dressing and after 7 days, by means of a questionnaire addressing comorbidities, clinical picture, procedure and compression time, physical assessment of hematoma and pain, and a vascular Doppler ultrasound to evaluate radial artery occlusion. Results A total of 144 patients were evaluated, 138 of whom were followed up within 7 days. Events did not differ among diagnostic and therapeutic procedures. In the immediate evaluation after removal of dressing, an incidence of 4.2% of radial artery occlusion was observed, with pain reported by 23.6% of patients, graded at 2.9±1.7 points in the Visual Analogue Scale (intensity of zero to ten), and no major bleeding. Hematoma occurred in one patient (0.9%), classified as type III according to the EASY criteria. In the 7-day evaluation, the incidence of radial artery occlusion was 2.2%, pain was reported in 11.1% of sample (intensity 1.8±0.8), and hematoma was evident in 3.5%. Conclusion The compressive dressing proved to be a safe procedure, with a low rate of complications and a low rate of local pain in patients undergoing invasive coronary procedures via radial approach.
Theory of eco-translatology: a study on the translation of ethnic minority cultural publicity
Authors: Junhui Yang
Published: March 2024

With the acceleration of cultural exchange, eco-translatology has been fully recognized by translators as a brand-new original translation theory based on the oriental ecological wisdom. The paper studies the specifics of the translation of ethnic minority cultural publicity, which is aimed at increasing the recognition of Chinese national culture by foreign audiences.
Italian aggression in North Africa
Authors: Yusifzada Aida
Published: March 2024

The article examines the period of Italy's creation of colonies in Libya. The reasons, actions and results of the colonial policy are shown. It is noted that the defeat of fascist Italy in World War II led to the liquidation of colonies in Libya.
Exploring the potential of Physics-Informed Neural Networks to extract vascularization data from DCE-MRI in the presence of diffusion
Authors: Sainz-DeMena Diego , Pérez María Ángeles , García-Aznar José Manuel
Published: March 2024

Dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) is widely used to assess tissue vascularization, particularly in oncological applications. However, the most widely used pharmacokinetic (PK) models do not account for contrast agent (CA) diffusion between neighboring voxels, which can limit the accuracy of the results, especially in cases of heterogeneous tumors. To address this issue, previous works have proposed algorithms that incorporate diffusion phenomena into the formulation. However, these algorithms often face convergence problems due to the ill-posed nature of the problem. In this work, we present a new approach to fitting DCE-MRI data that incorporates CA diffusion by using Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINNs). PINNs can be trained to fit measured data obtained from DCE-MRI while ensuring the mass conservation equation from the PK model. We compare the performance of PINNs to previous algorithms on different 1D cases inspired by previous works from literature. Results show that PINNs retrieve vascularization parameters more accurately from diffusion-corrected tracer-kinetic models. Furthermore, we demonstrate the robustness of PINNs compared to other traditional algorithms when faced with noisy or incomplete data. Overall, our results suggest that PINNs can be a valuable tool for improving the accuracy of DCE-MRI data analysis, particularly in cases where CA diffusion plays a significant role.
A finite element based optimization algorithm to include diffusion into the analysis of DCE‑MRI
Authors: Sainz-DeMena Diego , Ye Wenfeng , Pérez María Ángeles , García-Aznar José Manuel
Published: March 2024

Pharmacokinetic (PK) models are used to extract physiological information from dynamic contrast enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) sequences. Some of the most common models employed in clinical practice, such as the standard Tofts model (STM) or the extended Tofts model (ETM), do not account for passive delivery of contrast agent (CA) through diffusion. In this work, we introduce a diffusive term based on the concept of effective diffusivity into a finite element (FE) implementation of the ETM formulation, obtaining a new formulation for the diffusion-corrected ETM (D-ETM). A gradient-based optimization algorithm is developed to characterize the vascular properties of the tumour from the CA concentration curves obtained from imaging clinical data. To test the potential of our approach, several theoretical distributions of CA concentration are generated on a benchmark problem and a real tumour geometry. The vascular properties used to generate these distributions are estimated from an inverse analysis based on both the ETM and the D-ETM approaches. The outcome of these analyses shows the limitations of the ETM to retrieve accurate parameters in the presence of diffusion. The ETM returns smoothed distributions of vascular properties, reaching unphysical values in some of them, while the D-ETM accurately depicted the heterogeneity of KTrans, ve and vp distributions (mean absolute relative difference (ARD) of 16%, 15% and 9%, respectively, for the real geometry case) keeping all their values within their physiological ranges, outperforming the ETM.
Sylvia Plath: Her Growth Beyond Electra Complex: A Study of Her Poem ''Daddy''
Authors: Chhetri Narendra Bahadur
Published: March 2024

Sylvia Plath is a great poet from America in the 20th century. Although she is known as a talented woman poet, she is said to have been unfit to adjust herself in the society due to mismatch between her aspirations and societal expectations from her. The society expected her to settle down into a family by marrying a man, and giving birth to his children. On the other hand, she wanted to build her career in writing. She didn't want to give in to the pressures of the society. However, she couldn't go against the conventions of the society for long. The pressure from the society was too much upon her. She is said to have undergone the experience of close emotional attachment to her father who had died when she was just eight. Some of her works including the poem under study show a girl-child's strong emotional attachment towards her father. The present research work has made an attempt at exploring the theme of Electra Complex in her poem Daddy.
जो मामै लोकगीतको विवेचना
Authors: अर्याल थानेश्वर
Published: March 2024

लोकसाहित्य लोकसंस्कृतिको एउटा रोमाञ्चक र महत्त्वपूर्ण अङ्ग वा शाखा हो । नेपाली लोकसंस्कृति र लोकसाहित्य दुवै पक्षको झल्को दिने एउटा गीत हो–‘जो मामै’ । यस लेखमा प्रथमतः लोकसाहित्यको सामान्य परिचयसहित गुल्मी जिल्ला –लोकसंस्कृति र लोकसाहित्य, धार्मिक–आध्यात्मिक विषय वा साहित्य अनि ऐतिहासिक र विविध साहित्यिका दृष्टिले पनि परिचित रहेको तथा लोकसाहित्यिका दृष्टिले त निकै प्रसिद्ध र सदा उर्बर रहेको कुरा सङ्क्षेपमा उल्लेख गरिएको छ । तत्पश्चात् उल्लिखित ‘जो मामै’ गीत र त्यससँग सम्बन्धित ‘जिवेमामै’ गीतको विषयगत साम्यताको तुलनात्मक अध्ययन पनि गरिएको छ । नेपाली समाजको  मगर जातिमा मामाकी छोरी बिहे गर्ने प्रचलन पहिलेदेखि अहिलेसम्म पनि कतैकतै रहेभएको पाइन्छ । तदनुरूप ‘जो मामै’ गीतमा भानिजले मामासँग उनकी छोरी मागेको र मामाले भानिजलाई छोरी लाने नै भए खुसी बनाएर लैजान अनुमति दिएको कुरा उल्लेख गरिएको छ । नृत्यशैलीमा प्रस्तुत संस्कृतिबोधक पस्तुत लोकगीतको भाषा पनि जातिअनुकूल रहेको कुरा दर्शाउँदै नेपाली समाजको मगर समुदायमा पहिले मामाकी छोरी भानिजले बिहे गर्ने चलन रहेको थियो भन्ने कुरा गीतका आधारमा विवेचना गरिएको छ ।
Obtrusive Plagiarism and Data Falsification in Biological Sciences: Trends and Remedies
Authors: Gurung Jeevan Kumar
Published: March 2024

Scientific misconduct includes plagiarism, falsification and fabrication. The intentional presentation of other’s work as own work without any authority is referred as plagiarism. Plagiarism also contains other’s images, structure and designed elements. It affects both published and unpublished materials obtained through evaluation of dissertations, peer review process or grant proposals. Fabrication is another research misconduct in which some fake activities are committed such as making up data, results and reporting them. If there is no any experimentation, it is also called fabrication. The Study shows that 60% of articles published in predatory journals are not found to be cited over the five-year period from the date of publication. Clear ethical standards should be made for assuring the researchers whether their work break certain codes or not. The investigation of organizations must be transparent, fair and prompt into research irregularities.
Revenue Relation with VAT in Nepal Government Budget Structure
Authors: Sangraula Prem Prasad
Published: March 2024

Taxes are major fiscal policy instruments and important government policy tools have an important role in increasing the rate of capital formation and thereby a high rate of economic growth can be achieved. Globalization, privatization and liberalization have brought the huge change in the country budget and economic environment. The budget management of government is one of the important tasks which play very important role in the nation and international environment which influence the technology and changing business environment has posed many challenges before management. This study aims to find out the Nepal government budget status in economic sectors. Descriptive research has been conducted using annual report of economic survey of ministry of finance. Descriptive analysis suggested that is strong relationship between revenue and expenditure management of Nepal government budget. The main objective of this study is to determine the relationship between revenue and expenditure in the study made over the period 2073/74 to 2077/78 taken as a sample year in this research study among the various fiscal years of Nepal government budget. The statistical methods of trend analysis and descriptive statistics like mean, standard deviation, coefficient of variation and hypothesis test were used to analyze the study outcomes.

The results of the study indicated the revenue, expenditure and deficits conditions of Nepal government budget. This research articles report sources of revenue and structure of budget heads of Nepalese economic sector. It also reflects the whole revenue and expenditure positions of Nepal government and effective implementation of revenue estimation to manage deficits conditions. The revenue, expenditure and deficits conditions policy and strategies would also helps to manage deficits conditions by research studying.
Several Appropriate Statistical Techniques in Research
Authors: Subedi Shantiram
Published: March 2024

This paper has the main purpose to assist researchers and students in choosing the appropriate statistical test for studies that examine one variable or more variables. The aim of this article is to consider the role which statistical methods can sensibly take in some relevant fields. Other objective of writing this paper is to provide the algorithm of choosing the statistical techniques in the data analysis. This article is concentrated to define data analysis and the concept of data preparation. Then, the data analysis will be discussed. The article covers a brief outline of the variables, an understanding of quantitative and qualitative variables and measure of central tendency. This article will also try to apprise the reader with the basic research techniques that are utilized while conducting various studies. Finally, there is a focus on parametric and nonparametric tests for data analysis and various strategies in this concept.
Trends of Utilization Plants Resources among Santhal of Nepal
Authors: Baral Mounta , Poudel Pratik , Adhikari Dipendra , Sangroula Mohan
Published: March 2024

An ethnobotanical survey was conducted in Gauradaha municipality of Jhapa, Nepal. The objectives of study were documentation of ethnobotanical practices of santhal tribes. Some common ethnobotanical methodologies and techniques were applied during the course of study. Altogether 30 households were surveyed. 56 peoples were participated among them 8 were informants of age ranged from 40 to 90 years. Total 88 varieties of plants were listed which are used for different purpose and these species were distributed among 76 genera of 49 families. The highly represented family was Poaceae (7 species), Solanaceae (6 species), Compositae (5 species). The remaining families comprise very few species of identified plants. Distribution of plants according to habit were reported, among them herbs (42%), shrubs (27%), trees (24%) and climbers (7%).The majority of the plant species were reported to be used for medicinal purpose (36%)followed by multiple used i.e. a plant used for different purpose (27%), vegetable(12%), fodder (6%), food (6%), ornamental (5%), religious (5%) and fruit (3%).Distribution of plants according to part used were reported i.e. leaf (30%), multiple part i.e. different parts of a plant used (17%), fruit (16%), whole part (10%), stem (9%), seed(6%), root (6%), flower (4%) and bark (2%) for various purpose. So, from this study it is clear that this tribe has good knowledge about the importance of plant available in the study area.
Tax Payers Moral Behavior in Nepal
Authors: Acharya Paras Mani
Published: March 2024

This study analysis the Tax Payers’ moral behavior In Nepal. Further, the Study attempts to deal in the underlying reasons for non-compliance. Data was gathered through Questioner with four hundred participants, and analyses using thematic analysis. Results suggest those taxpayers have inadequate technical knowledge and perceive VAT system as complex. Tax Knowledge and tax complexity are viewed as contributing factors towards non-compliance behavior among taxpayers. The data are collected through well structured questionnaire. For the Purpose of analysis and interpretation the researcher has used the following statistical tools of SPSS. On the basis of analysis and interpretation the researcher introduces the major findings that the majority of the consumers pay tax but, they are not much aware of the VAT. Due to the High tendency of VAT the consumers try to avoid the payment of tax in Nepal.