bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Corpus-Based Analysis of Word â€˜Ghostâ€™ in the Collection of Kenyah Stories
Authors: Syarifah Laily , Febiyani Febiyani , Anjani Novira , Munawarah Siti , Putri Jairatunnisyah Jaidun , Asih Yuni Utami , Kalukar Ventje Jany
Published: March 2024

To illustrate the concept of ghosts, this research aimed to explain how they were described in Ã’ma LÃ³ngh and Lebuâ€™ Kulit language, the collection of Dayak Kenyah short stories. This research employed a descriptive qualitative method based on figurative language personification theory. Data analysis is conducted using corpus analysis with the  AntConc application. This research concluded that there are four categories that employ personification in relation to the term 'ghost' namely the ghosts act like human, the ghosts being described as dying like humans, ghosts can transform into other forms and ghosts being described as animals. The use of personification in these stories allows readers to relate to and believe in the ghost, enhancing the drama and suspense of the story. The ghosts in this research were only described using personification. Further research might investigate ghosts through different theories to see how their appearance can contribute to certain meanings in the stories.
Realization of Appraisal and Ideology in Ferdy Sambo Case in Editorial Text of "Kasus Sambo Isih Dawa" and "Ganjaran Murwat Tumrap Kejujuran" in Panjebar Semangat Magazine
Authors: Risdianto Faizal , Nugroho Haryo Aji , Sunardi Sunardi , Arkida Teisar
Published: March 2024

This research aims to identify appraisal devices in two editorial texts in the Javanese magazine Panjebar Semangat on the news texts of Ferdy Sambo case entitled Kasus Sambo Isih Dawa and Ganjaran Murwat Tumrap Kejujuran and describe the ideology of the author of the editorial text. Data were analyzed using the Appraisal System in Functional Systemic Linguistics, including Attitude, Graduation, and Engagement. The results of the appraisal analysis on the first text are 69 attitudes data from 68 clauses. A total of 69 attitudes data were found, consisting of 33 positive attitudes and 36 negative attitudes. Monogloss data with 44 data dominate these attitudes compared to heterogloss data with 25 data. In terms of Graduation, journalists used the intensifier type only eight times. For the second text, 55 attitudes data from 48 clauses. The total of 55 data was dominated by positive evaluations of 43 data, while there were only 12 negative evaluations. It can be interpreted that this editorial text has a very positive nuance. The text is dominated by monogloss data, namely 47 data, compared to heterogloss data, which is only 8 data. The outcomes of the analysis conducted on the editorial texts within the Panjebar Semangat Javanese magazine indicate a predominant reliance on judgment as the principal method of Appraisal, succeeded by appreciation and affect. The analysis explicitly emphasizes the assessment of individual character traits, with Richard, Sambo, and Putri identified as the primary subjects of evaluation. This finding underscores the potential of news as a mechanism for the exercise of social control, with the deployment of judgment serving to consolidate specific societal values and beliefs. This editorial text makes journalists themselves the dominant source of evaluators. In terms of Graduation, journalists also tend to increase their Attitude appraisal using intensifiers. The dominance of monogloss in the editorial text is linguistic evidence that the journalist deliberately composed the editorial text using the point of view of himself.
EVDE BAKIM HİZMETİ ALAN YAŞLI BİREYLERİN VE BAKIM VERENLERİNİN KARŞILAŞTIKLARI SOSYAL SORUNLAR ÜZERİNE NİTEL BİR ÇALIŞMA: OLTU ÖRNEĞİ
Authors: Cerrah Lokman Cerrah , Karakuş Umar Esra , Oral Meltem , Pak Melike
Published: March 2024

Bu çalışma, Türkiye’de evde bakım gören yaşlı bireylerin bakım veren bireyler ile ilişkisi üzerine odaklanmaktadır. Yaşlı birey ile bakım veren bireyin ilişkisine odaklanırken yaşlı bireyin ve bakım verenin deneyimlerinin ortaya konulması amaçlanmaktadır. Çalışmada yaşlı birey ile bakım verenin etkileşimleri “ekosistem yaklaşımı” özelinde incelenmiştir. Nitel araştırma deseninin seçildiği çalışmada yarı yapılandırılmış derinlemesine mülakat teknikleri kullanılarak otuz ailenin ev ortamına altı ay boyunca yapılan ev ziyaretlerinde veriler toplanmıştır. Yaşlı birey ile bakım veren bireyin bakım etkileşimi, “sağlık sorunları”, “kayıp ve yas”, “ekonomik yetersizlikler” ve “sosyal çevre kaybı” kategorileri özelinde incelenmiştir. Sonuçta bakım alanlar ile bakım verenler arasında bakım aylığı üzerinden ekonomik temelli bir alışveriş sürecinin yaşandığı görülmektedir. Bu süreçte ailede bakım rolünü üstlenen yine kadındır. Ayrıca Oltu’da geleneksel yapıdan modern yapıya geçişin izlerinden sayılabilecek yaşlının hanedeki aktif rolünün ortadan kalktığı görülmektedir.
YAŞLI BİREYLERİN YERİNDE YAŞLANMA DÜZEYLERİ İLE YAŞAM KALİTESİ DÜZEYLERİ ARASINDAKİ İLİŞKİNİN İNCELENMESİ
Authors: Gelen Tevfik
Published: March 2024

Bu çalışma yaşlı bireylerin yerinde yaşlanma ve yaşam kalitesi düzeyleri arasındaki ilişkiyi incelemek amacıyla gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bu temel amaç doğrultusunda ise, yerinde yaşlanma ve yaşam kalitesi düzeyleri, bu düzeylerin bazı bağımsız değişkenlere göre anlamlı olarak farklılaşıp farklılaşmadığı ve yaşlı bireylerin yerinde yaşlanma düzeylerinin yaşam kalitesi düzeylerini anlamlı bir şekilde yordayıp yordamadığı incelenmiştir. Araştırmanın örneklemini Kahramanmaraş’ın Türkoğlu ilçesinde ikamet eden ve uygun örnekleme yöntemiyle seçilen 65 yaş ve üstü 157 kişi oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmada veri toplama araçları olarak demografik bilgi formu, Yerinde Yaşlanma Ölçeği (YYÖ) ve Yaşam Kalitesi Ölçeği (YYK-Kısa) kullanılmıştır. Verilerin analizinde frekans, ortalama, standart sapma, t test, ANOVA ile Pearson Çarpımı korelasyon katsayısı ve basit regresyon analizi teknikleri kullanılmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda yaşlı bireylerin YYK-Kısa’dan aldıkları puanlar ile YYÖ ve tüm alt boyutlarından aldıkları puanlar arasında pozitif yönde, orta düzeyde anlamlı bir ilişki bulunmuştur. Ayrıca yaşlı bireylerin YYÖ düzeylerinin yüksek, YYK-Kısa düzeylerinin çok yüksek olduğu belirlenmiştir. Yaşlı bireylerin YYÖ düzeylerinin YYK-Kısa düzeylerini anlamlı olarak etkilediği tespit edilmiştir. Yaşlı bireylerin YYÖ ve YYK-Kısa düzeylerine ilişkin görüşlerinde cinsiyet ve yaş değişkenlerine göre farklılaşmadığı; medeni durumu, yaşadığı yerleşim alanı, ikamet ettiği evin mülkiyeti, kiminle yaşadığı, öğrenim durumu, sağlık durumu, evde bakım hizmeti alma durumu ve gelir düzeylerinin bazı alt boyutlar ve ölçek toplamında farklılaştığı belirlenmiştir.
Issız Adada Kitap Okumak
Authors: Adıgüzel Muhammet Sani
Published: March 2024

ÖZ
Bir eserin adının ait olduğu edebî türle aynı olması o eserin önemini gösterir. Nitekim Ömer Hayyam’ın Rubailer’i, Mevlâna’nın Mesnevi’si, Evliya Çelebi’nin Seyahatname’si; La Fontaine’nin, Fabllar’ı ve Montaigne’nin, Denemeler’i büyük öneme sahiptirler. Bu konuyla ilgili en somut göstergeler adlarını çok iyi temsil ettikleri türlerinden alan bu eserlerin kendileriyle birlikte bunlar üzerine yazılan kitaplardır. Bunlardan biri de, Tarık Dursun K.ın konuya “ıssız ada” metaforuyla yaklaştığı ve Daniel Defoe’nun “Robinson Crusoe” adlı eserinden hareketle "Yolunuz ıssız bir adaya düşerse yanınızda hangi kitapların bulunmasını isterdiniz?" sorusuna cevap aradığı "Bir Gün Bir Issız Adaya Düşerseniz: Herodot’tan Malaparte’ye” adlı eseridir. Tarık Dursun K. iki ciltlik bu kapsamlı eserin birinci cildinde içinde “Dede Korkut Kitabı”, “Yunus Emre Divanı” ve “Evliya Çelebi Seyahatnamesi” gibi eserlerin de bulunduğu yirmi, ikinci cildinde ise, içinde Herman Melville’nin “Moby Dick”i, Feodor Dostoyevski’nin “Suç ve Ceza”sı ve Lev Tolstoy’un “Savaş ve Barış” gibi eserlerinin de bulunduğu yirmi sekiz olmak üzere toplam kırk sekiz başlık altında elli civarında esere verir. “Gılgamış Destanı”yla başlayan ve “Volga Avrupa’dan Doğar”la biten söz konusu eserde yer verilen eserlerin birkaçı dışında hemen hepsi yabancıdır. Destan, masal, tarih, tiyatro, felsefe, şiir, hikâye, roman, seyahatname gibi türlerde eserlerin bulunduğu ve özellikle de romanların sayı bakımından diğerlerine göre daha fazla olduğu bu eserin en önemli özelliği yer verdiği eserlerden seçmeler yapmasıdır. Bu çalışmada birçok edebî türde eser vermesinin yanı sıra gazetecilik, senaryo yazarlığı, rejisörlük, yayınevi yöneticiliği gibi vasıflarını bulunan Tarık Dursun K.ın "Bir Gün Bir Issız Adaya Düşerseniz: Herodot’tan Malaparte’ye I-II” adlı eserinden hareketle okumanın önemi üzerinde durulamaya çalışılacaktır.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Daniel Defoe, Robinson Crusoe, Issız Ada, Tarık Dursun Kakınç, Kitap
Anti-NMDA Receptor Encephalitis, Human Papillomavirus, and microRNA
Authors: Wang Hsiuying
Published: March 2024

Background:

Anti-N-methyl-d-aspartate (Anti-NMDA) receptor encephalitis
is a rare autoimmune disease, which is caused by antibodies attacking NMDA receptors
in the brain. Previous studies revealed that this disorder might be induced by vaccination.
Vaccination is the most useful strategy to prevent human or animal infectious diseases.
Although vaccines can produce immunity against diseases, at low risk, they may
trigger serious adverse events. Anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis has been studied to be
related to the H1N1 (influenza A virus subtype H1N1), tetanus/diphtheria/pertussis and
polio vaccine, Japanese encephalitis, yellow fever, and coronavirus disease 2019
(COVID-19) vaccination. Several cases have been reported that anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis
could also be triggered by the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine. However,
there is a lack of studies to investigate the underlying mechanism.

Methods:

In this paper, the association between anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis and
HPV vaccination is discussed in terms of their microRNA (miRNA) biomarkers. Phylogenetic
tree and distance similarity analyses are used to explore the relationship between
their miRNA biomarkers.

Results:

The results show a higher degree of similarity between miRNA biomarkers associated
with HPV and anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis or related vaccines when compared
to the overall miRNAs. It indicates that while the risk of HPV triggering anti-NMDA
receptor encephalitis is low, a connection between anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis
and HPV vaccination cannot be ruled out.

Conclusion:

This finding suggests that in cases where individuals receiving HPV vaccination
experience psychiatric or neurological symptoms, it should be considered to diagnose
anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis, given the exclusion of other possible complications.
The Protective Effects of Curcumin against Renal Toxicity
Authors: Zhai Jianan , Chen Zhengguo , Zhu Qi , Guo Zhifang , Wang Ningning , Zhang Cong , Deng Haoyuan , Wang Shaopeng , Yang Guang
Published: March 2024

:

Curcumin is a naturally polyphenolic compound used for hepatoprotective,
thrombosuppressive, neuroprotective, cardioprotective, antineoplastic, antiproliferative,
hypoglycemic, and antiarthritic effects. Kidney disease is a major public health problem
associated with severe clinical complications worldwide. The protective effects of curcumin
against nephrotoxicity have been evaluated in several experimental models. In this
review, we discussed how curcumin exerts its protective effect against renal toxicity and
also illustrated the mechanisms of action such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, regulating
cell death, and anti-fibrotic. This provides new perspectives and directions for the
clinical guidance and molecular mechanisms for the treatment of renal diseases by curcumin.
Multi-omics Data Integration Analysis Identified Therapeutic Targets and Potential Reuse Drugs for Osteoporosis
Authors: Li Mingdong , Gao Xing , Zhang Yuchen , Wang Jinglei , Dong Run , Li Peng , He Yongxiong
Published: March 2024

Aims:

To facilitate drug discovery and development for the treatment of osteoporosis

Background:

With global aging, osteoporosis has become a common problem threatening the
health of the elderly. It is of important clinical value to explore new targets for drug intervention
and develop promising drugs for the treatment of osteoporosis.

Objective:

To understand the major molecules that mediate the communication between the cell
populations of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) in osteoporosis and osteoarthritis
patients and identify potential reusable drugs for the treatment of osteoporosis.

Methods:

Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) data of BM-MSCs in GSE147287 dataset
were classified using the Seurat package. CellChat was devoted to analyzing the ligand-receptor
pairs (LR pairs) contributing to the communication between BM-MSCs subsets. The LR pairs that
were differentially expressed between osteoporosis samples and control samples and significantly
correlated with immune score were screened in the GSE35959 dataset, and the differentially expressed
gene in both GSE35959 and GSE13850 data sets were identified as targets from a single ligand
or receptor. The therapeutic drugs for osteoporosis were screened by network proximity
method, and the top-ranked drugs were selected for molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation
with the target targets.

Results:

Twelve subsets of BM-MSCs were identified, of which CD45-BM-MSCS_4, CD45-BM-
MSCS_5, and CD45+ BM-MSCs_5 subsets showed significantly different distributions between
osteoporosis samples and osteoarthritis samples. Six LR pairs were identified in the bidirectional
communication between these three BM-MSCs subsets and other BM-MSCs subsets.
Among them, MIF-CD74 and ITGB2-ICAM2 were significantly correlated with the immune
score. CD74 was identified as the target, and a total of 48 drugs targeting CD47 protein were identified.
Among them, DB01940 had the lowest free energy binding score with CD74 protein and
the binding state was very stable.

Conclusion:

This study provided a new network-based framework for drug reuse and identified
initial insights into therapeutic agents targeting CD74 in osteoporosis, which may be meaningful
for promoting the development of osteoporosis treatment.
Cellular and Mitochondrial Pathways Contribute to SGLT2
Inhibitors-mediated Tissue Protection: Experimental and Clinical Data
Authors: Sanz Raúl Lelio , Menéndez Sebastián García , Inserra Felipe , Ferder León , Manucha Walter
Published: March 2024

In metabolic syndrome and diabetes, compromised mitochondrial function emerges as a critical driver of cardiovascular disease, fueling its development and persistence, culminating in cardiac remodeling and
adverse events. In this context, angiotensin II - the main interlocutor of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system - promotes local and systemic oxidative inflammatory processes. To highlight, the low activity/expression
of proteins called sirtuins negatively participates in these processes, allowing more significant oxidative imbalance, which impacts cellular and tissue responses, causing tissue damage, inflammation, and cardiac and vascular remodeling. The reduction in energy production of mitochondria has been widely described as a significant
element in all types of metabolic disorders. Additionally, high sirtuin levels and AMPK signaling stimulate hypoxia-inducible factor 1 beta and promote ketonemia. Consequently, enhanced autophagy and mitophagy advance through cardiac cells, sweeping away debris and silencing the orchestra of oxidative stress and inflammation, ultimately protecting vulnerable tissue from damage. To highlight and of particular interest, SGLT2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) profoundly influence all these mechanisms. Randomized clinical trials have evidenced a
compelling picture of SGLT2i emerging as game-changers, wielding their power to demonstrably improve cardiac function and slash the rates of cardiovascular and renal events. Furthermore, driven by recent evidence,
SGLT2i emerge as cellular supermolecules, exerting their beneficial actions to increase mitochondrial efficiency, alleviate oxidative stress, and curb severe inflammation. Its actions strengthen tissues and create a resilient
defense against disease. In conclusion, like a treasure chest brimming with untold riches, the influence of
SGLT2i on mitochondrial function holds untold potential for cardiovascular health. Unlocking these secrets,
like a map guiding adventurers to hidden riches, promises to pave the way for even more potent therapeutic
strategies.
Innovative Strategies to Enhance mRNA Vaccine Delivery and Effectiveness:
Mechanisms and Future Outlook
Authors: Verma Abhishek , Awasthi Ankit
Published: March 2024

The creation of mRNA vaccines has transformed the area of vaccination and allowed for the production
of COVID-19 vaccines with previously unheard-of speed and effectiveness. The development of novel
strategies to enhance the delivery and efficiency of mRNA vaccines has been motivated by the ongoing constraints
of the present mRNA vaccine delivery systems. In this context, intriguing methods to get beyond these
restrictions include lipid nanoparticles, self-amplifying RNA, electroporation, microneedles, and cell-targeted
administration. These innovative methods could increase the effectiveness, safety, and use of mRNA vaccines,
making them more efficient, effective, and broadly available. Additionally, mRNA technology may have numerous
and far-reaching uses in the field of medicine, opening up fresh avenues for the diagnosis and treatment
of disease. This paper gives an overview of the existing drawbacks of mRNA vaccine delivery techniques,
the creative solutions created to address these drawbacks, and their prospective public health implications.
The development of mRNA vaccines for illnesses other than infectious diseases and creating scalable
and affordable manufacturing processes are some of the future directions for research in this area that are covered
in this paper.
Diabetes Pharmacotherapy and its effects on the Skeletal Muscle Energy
Metabolism
Authors: Yu Baowen , Wang Dong , Zhou Junming , Huang Rong , Cai Tingting , Hu Yonghui , Zhou Yunting , Ma Jianhua
Published: March 2024

The disorders of skeletal muscle metabolism in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus
(T2DM), such as mitochondrial defection and glucose transporters (GLUTs) translocation dysfunctions,
are not uncommon. Therefore, when anti-diabetic drugs were used in various chronic diseases
associated with hyperglycemia, the impact on skeletal muscle should not be ignored. However, current
studies mainly focus on muscle mass rather than metabolism or functions. Anti-diabetic drugs
might have a harmful or beneficial impact on skeletal muscle. In this review, we summarize the upto-
date studies on the effects of anti-diabetic drugs and some natural compounds on skeletal muscle
metabolism, focusing primarily on emerging data from pre-clinical to clinical studies. Given the
extensive use of anti-diabetic drugs and the common sarcopenia, a better understanding of energy
metabolism in skeletal muscle deserves attention in future studies.
Neferine Targeted the NLRC5/NLRP3 Pathway to Inhibit M1-type Polarization and Pyroptosis of Macrophages to Improve Hyperuricemic Nephropathy
Authors: Yin Wei , Wang Jin-Hua , Liang Yu-Mei , Liu Kang-Han , Chen Ying , Chen Yusa
Published: March 2024

Background:

Neferine (Nef) has a renal protective effect. This research
intended to explore the impact of Nef on hyperuricemic nephropathy (HN).

Methods:

Adenine and potassium oxonate were administered to SD rats to induce the
HN model. Bone marrow macrophages (BMDM) and NRK-52E were used to construct
a transwell co-culture system. The polarization of BMDM and apoptosis levels were
detected using immunofluorescence and flow cytometry. Renal pathological changes
were detected using hematoxylin-eosin (HE) and Masson staining. Biochemical
methods were adopted to detect serum in rats. CCK-8 and EDU staining were used to
assess cell activity and proliferation. RT-qPCR and western blot were adopted to
detect NLRC5, NLRP3, pyroptosis, proliferation, and apoptosis-related factor levels.

Results:

After Nef treatment, renal injury and fibrosis in HN rats were inhibited, and
UA concentration, urinary protein, BUN, and CRE levels were decreased. After Nef
intervention, M1 markers, pyroptosis-related factors, and NLRC5 levels in BMDM
stimulated with uric acid (UA) treatment were decreased. Meanwhile, the proliferation
level of NRK-52E cells co-cultured with UA-treated BMDM was increased, but the
apoptosis level was decreased. After NLRC5 overexpression, Nef-induced regulation
was reversed, accompanied by increased NLRP3 levels. After NLRP3 was knocked
down, the levels of M1-type markers and pyroptosis-related factors were reduced in
BMDM.

Conclusion:

Nef improved HN by inhibiting macrophages polarized to M1-type and
pyroptosis by targeting the NLRC5/NLRP3 pathway. This research provides a scientific
theoretical basis for the treatment of HN.
WITHDRAWN: Resveratrol-based Delivery Systems as Contemporary Nominees for Combating Pulmonary Diseases: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Ahmed Sara , Mansour Mai , Ishak Rania A.H. , Mortada Nahed D.
Published: March 2024

Since the authors are not responding to the editor’s requests to fulfill the editorial requirement, therefore, the article has been
withdrawn of the journal "Current Drug Delivery".
Bentham Science apologizes to the readers of the journal for any inconvenience this may have caused.
The Bentham Editorial Policy on Article Withdrawal can be found at https://benthamscience.com/editorial-policies-main.php.
BENTHAM SCIENCE DISCLAIMER:
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the article for publication the authors agree that the publishers have the legal right to take appropriate action against the
authors, if plagiarism or fabricated information is discovered. By submitting a manuscript the authors agree that the copyright
of their article is transferred to the publishers if and when the article is accepted for publication.
Efficacy and Safety of Nimotuzumab in Combination with Radiotherapy
or Chemoradiotherapy for Local Advanced Head and Neck Cancer: A
Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Zheng Baomin , He Meilin , Han Yaqian , Jiang Xin , Ou Xiaomin , Zhang Peng , Guo Ruyuan , Li Jingao , Zhang Ximei , Qiao Qiao , Wu Hui , Hu Man , Feng Mei , Tu Wenyong , Yi Junlin
Published: March 2024

Background:

The present meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of adding
nimotuzumab to radiotherapy (RT) or chemoradiotherapy (CRT).

Methods:

Prospective randomized controlled studies at EMBASE, PubMed, and the Cochrane Library
from January 1, 2010, to October 1, 2022, were searched. Data on the overall survival (OS),
progress-free survival (PFS), disease-free survival (DFS), complete response rate (CRR), objective
response rate (ORR), and all grade adverse events were collected from the enrolled publications.
OS was the primary measurement indicator. Pooled analysis was performed with relative
risks (RRs), hazard risks (HRs), and their corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) in the
software Stata SE 16.0.

Results:

Six randomized controlled studies were included in the analysis of the overall pooled effect.
As compared to the control group, the nimotuzumab intervention group exhibited improved
OS by 21% (pooled HR=0.79,95% CI: 0.64-0.98, P=0.028), along with PFS up to 31% (HR=0.69,
95% CI: 0.55-0.86, P=0.001) and DFS up to 29% (HR=0.71, 95% CI: 0.56-0.91, P=0.006), increased
CRR as 50% (RR=1.50, 95% CI:1.09-2.04; P=0.012), and ORR as 35% (RR=1.35, 95%
CI:1.04-1.73; P=0.022). Regarding safety, nimotuzumab in combination with RT or CRT did not
increase the incidence of all grade adverse events (pooled-RD=-1.27, 95% CI:-2.78-0.23,
P=0.099).

Conclusion:

The present meta-analysis has demonstrated that nimotuzumab, in combination with
RT or CRT, could provide survival benefits and increase response rates. Its safety profile has been
found to be controllable.
Discovery of Ten Anti-HIV Hit Compounds and Preliminary
Pharmacological Mechanisms Studies
Authors: Lian Yushan , Huang Zhimin , Liu Xinyi , Deng Zhicheng , Gao Dan , Wang Xiaohui
Published: March 2024

Background:

The research and development of HIV drugs is very important, but at the
same time it is a long cycle and expensive system project. High-throughput drug screening systems
and molecular libraries of potential hit compounds remain the main ways for the discovery
of hit compounds with anti-HIV activity.

Objective:

The aim of this study was to screen out the hit compounds against HIV-1 in the natural
product molecule library and the antiviral molecule library, and elucidate the molecular mechanism
of their inhibition of HIV-1, so as to provide a new choice for AIDS drug research.

Methods:

In this study, a drug screening system using HIV Rev-dependent indicator cell line
(Rev-A3R5-GFP reporter cells) with pseudoviruses (pNL4-3) was used. The natural drug
molecule library and antiviral molecule library were screened, and preliminary drug mechanism
studies were performed.

Results:

Ten promising hit compounds were screened. These ten molecules and their drug inhibitory
IC50 were as follows: Cephaeline (0.50 μM), Yadanziolide A (8.82 μM), Bruceine D (2.48
μM), Astragaloside IV (4.30 μM), RX-3117 (1.32 μM), Harringtonine (0.63 μM), Tubercidin
(0.41 μM), Theaflavine-3, 3'-digallate (0.41 μM), Ginkgetin (10.76 μM), ZK756326 (5.97 μM).
The results of the Time of additions showed that except for Astragaloside IV and Theaflavine-3,
3'-digallate had a weak entry inhibition effect, and it was speculated that all ten compounds had
an intracellular inhibition effect. Cephaeline, Harringtonine, Astragaloside IV, Bruceine D, and
Tubercidin may have pre-reverse transcriptional inhibition. Yadanziolide A, Theaflavine-3, 3'-digallate,
Ginkgetin and RX-3117 may be in the post-reverse transcriptional inhibition. The inhibitory
effect of ZK 75632 may be in the reverse transcriptional process.

Conclusion:

A drug screening system using Rev-A3R5-GFP reporter cells with pseudoviruses
(pNL4-3) is highly efficient. This study provided potential hit compounds for new HIV drug
research.
Evaluation of Mex A' Mex B Efflux Pump Gene in Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolated from Milk in Qom Province, Iran
Authors: Badi Alireza , Dirbaziyan Ashkan , Shakib Pegah , Morovvati Abbas , Zargar Mohsen
Published: March 2024

Background:

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen protected from
antibiotics' harmful effects by various mechanisms. One of the most important mechanisms is the
activation of exudation systems. Therefore, identifying such targets in food contaminating bacteria
can help us target them and eliminate bacteria resistant to several drugs, making food safe. Therefore,
the present study aimed to trace Mex A and Mex B efflux pump genes in Pseudomonas
aeruginosa isolated from dairy products in Qom City, Iran.

Methods:

300 samples of raw milk, 30 samples of pasteurized milk, and 30 samples of local
cream were collected. After a 24-hour culture on nutrient agar and blood agar and performing
warm staining, confirmatory biochemical tests were performed to identify bacteria. The disk
method was used according to CLSI guidelines to determine the antibiotic sensitivity pattern.
Then Mex A and Mex B efflux pump genes were detected using specific primers with PCR technique.

Results:

117 strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa were isolated from 300 raw milk samples, and 7
strains were resistant to ciprofloxacin. Out of 117 Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates, 51 isolates
(43.5%) had Mex A gene and 10 isolates (8.5%) had Mex B gene. Three isolates had both Mex A
and Mex B genes. Among the strains with resistance to ciprofloxacin (7 isolates), 4 isolates did not
have any of the genes. One isolate had Mex A and Mex B genes; 2 isolates were Mex A positive
and Mex B negative, and Mex B positive and Mex A negative isolates were not observed.

Conclusions:

Based on the results, among the studied isolates, the Mex A gene was more abundant.
In addition, no significant relationship was found between the existence of Mex A and Mex B
genes and ciprofloxacin resistance.
A Review of Minimally and Non-invasive Glucose Monitoring Techniques,
Devices and Sensors
Authors: Nooshnab Mohammad , Naghib Seyed Morteza , Rahmanifard Rouhollah , Khakpour Elnaz
Published: March 2024

Glucose determination, without pain and aches, is essential for biomedical applications.
Minimally invasive (MI) and non-invasive (NI) are the approaches that could address these challenges.
MI approaches are based on body fluids such as saliva, urine, tears, and interstitial fluid that are
exploited to determine glucose levels. NI methods utilize radiation forms to determine glucose
concentration without needing body fluids. In this review, MI and NI technologies and their application
in glucose measurement, along with current and future devices that use these technologies, are
described and discussed. Also, the principles and requirements and operational and analytical
performance will be reviewed and discussed.
Anti-Inflammatory and Wound Healing Potential of Comphora Wightii,Herbal Ointment on Wistar Rats
Authors: Garg Ishu , Singh Neelam , Sharma Ishika , Dhingra Jayeeta , Kumar Kartik
Published: March 2024

Background:

A herbal approach to Guggulu (Commiphora wightii), as an anti-inflammatory
and wound healing agent is anticipated. Phyto-constituents Guggulusterone, Naringenin, and
myrrhanol were reported for the anti-inflammatory activity of Guggulu. Studies suggests, that sesame
oil (Sesamum indicum L.) and Ratanjot (Arnebia nobilis) also act as potent anti-inflammatory agents..
A combination of all three of these gives a synergistic effect for anti-inflammatory and excisional
wound healing activity.

Materials and Methods:

A simple ointment base, BP and 5% Ratanjot, and Sesame oil were prepared.
All the components, i.e., Guggulu, 5% Ratanjot Sesame oil, and simple ointment base, were added
and triturated uni-directionally until a smooth, homogenous mixture was obtained. 25% w/w (F1) and
27% w/w (F2) Guggulu ointment were prepared. Four groups, each with three wistar rats, were studied
for fourteen days. On the fourteenth day, rats were sacrificed, and tissues were collected for histopathological
studies.

Results:

F1 was compared against the standard formulation (10% w/w betadine, Win-Medicare) for
excisional wound healing and anti-inflammatory activity in rats. On the foutheenth day, the results
for percentage wound contraction in groups 1 (Negative control, vaseline), 2 (Controlled, ointment
base), 3 (F1), and 4 (positive control, standard) were found to be 12.01, 25.32, 96.14, and 81.23,
respectively. Results of histopathological studies and H&E staining supported the action of F1, as
skin sections showed the junction of normal skin and wound area. Sub-epithelial tissues showed low
(-) to mild (+) inflammation. Mild oedema (+) was also noted.

Conclusion:

The rat group treated with F1 showed maximum wound contraction, healing, and antiinflammatory
activity as per percentage wound contraction and histopathological studies.
Comparative Evaluation of Cefixime Microspheres Utilizing a Natural Polymer and a Synthetic Polymer
Authors: Arora Deepshi , Taneja Yugam , Sharma Anjali , Sharma Prerna , Jatin  , Guarve Kumar , Rani Nidhi , Verma Inderjeet
Published: March 2024

Background:

Microspheres are naturally biodegradable, free-flowing powders with a particle
size of less than 200 micrometres that are comprised of proteins or synthetic polymers. Using
microspheres is a reliable strategy to ensure that the drug is accurately delivered to the target area and
that the right concentration is kept there without having any unfavourable side effects.

Objective:

The objective of the present study was to create a sustained-release cefixime trihydrate
microsphere delivery system employing natural and synthetic polymers as a carrier and increase therapeutic
effectiveness.

Methods:

Due to the simplicity of processing, the solvent injection method was used to create microspheres.
Microspheres were created with this technology using the sustained-release polymer, sodium
alginate, and active material (drug). The compatibility of components with the drug was evaluated
using XRD and FT-IR. In an in-vitro release research, the dissolving medium was phosphate buffer
at pH 6.8. For the kinetic analysis of the drug release mechanism, graphs for zero-order, first-order,
Higuchi's, Korsmeyer-Peppas, and Hixson-Crowell models were also created.

Results:

The best formulation was chosen from the batches, and in-vitro cefixime trihydrate release
studies for various microspheres containing cefixime trihydrate in phosphate buffer (pH 7.4) for 8
hours were performed. The dissolution profiles of formulations F4 and F8 showed that the formulation,
including xanthan gum, F8, released 55.01% more medication in 8 hours than the formulation
using HPMC, F4. X-ray diffraction, swelling index of drug-laden microspheres, and Scanning Electron
Microscopy were used to evaluate formulation F8. The graphs for zero-order, first-order, Higuchi's,
Korsmeyer-Peppas, and Hixson- Crowell models were plotted, and the optimised batch was
discovered to match Higuchi's drug release kinetics with an R2 value of 0.990.

Conclusion:

Cefixime trihydrate microspheres can be utilized as a new drug delivery technology to
minimize dose frequency and, as a result, to promote patient compliance.
Study of Selected Patents on the Manufacture of Activated Carbon
as Electrodes in Power Storage Devices
Authors: Javed Khan Farahat , Kokane Sonali Sandeep
Published: March 2024

The field of activated carbon has attracted many researchers. Our study of selected
patents on the mentioned subject reveals an interesting fact, such as including the
pore characteristics of the electrode material in the claims of a patent specification. The
parameters, such as power density, energy density, capacitance and charge-recharge cycles,
are mentioned for the various embodiments in the patent specification. The technolegal
aspects of patenting in this field are concerned with the source of the carbon, the active
material with which it is composited or activated, the process of treatment, which includes
time, temperature and method, the resulting energy storage device, and the process
of making such a device.
Curcumin as a Potential Candidate for Patients with COVID-19 Infection and Diabetes: A Review
Authors: Shojapour Mana , Hosseinikhah Seyedeh Maryam , Sohrab Mehrnoush , Karimi Aliabadi Parastoo , Kashi Zahra , Jamialahmadi Tannaz , Hosseini-Khah Zahra , Sahebkar Amirhossein
Published: March 2024

COVID-19 causes a range of illnesses, from mild symptoms resembling the common cold
to severe pulmonary damage leading to Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS). Researchers
worldwide are actively searching for the most effective medications with minimal side effects for
treating COVID-19. This review aimed to discuss the therapeutic potential of Curcumin (CUR) in
managing COVID-19 infection in patients with comorbidities, such as Diabetes Mellitus (DM), as
well as the underlying mechanisms of action responsible for CUR's anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory
effects. Given the natural origin and fewer adverse effects of herbal and medicinal
plants, many researchers have turned their attention to exploring their therapeutic properties. Turmeric,
the main source of polyphenol CUR, has long been recognized for its beneficial pharmacological
effects in traditional Ayurveda medicine in China and has recently gained attention from scientists.
The study reviewed various types of studies investigating the antiviral activity of CUR. Among the
16 studies reviewed, 4 were computational studies, 2 were in vitro studies, and the remaining 10
were clinical trials. Among the 10 recent studies, 4 studies focused on patients with COVID-19 who
had diabetes as an underlying condition. The findings from these studies suggested that CUR is a
safe and pleiotropic molecule with multiple effects on intracellular signaling pathways, including
alterations in cell growth, apoptosis, inflammation, and oxidation.
PLASTAMINATION: Outcomes on the Central Nervous System and
Reproduction
Authors: Santoro Antonietta , Marino Marianna , Vandenberg Laura N. , Szychlinska Marta Anna , Lamparelli Erwin Pavel , Scalia Federica , Rocca Natalia Della , D’Auria Raffaella , Giovanna Pastorino Grazia Maria , Porta Giovanna Della , Operto Francesca Felicia , Viggiano Andrea , Cappello Francesco , Meccariello Rosaria
Published: March 2024

Background:

Environmental exposures to non-biodegradable and biodegradable plastics
are unavoidable. Microplastics (MPs) and nanoplastics (NPs) from the manufacturing of plastics (primary
sources) and the degradation of plastic waste (secondary sources) can enter the food chain directly
or indirectly and, passing biological barriers, could target both the brain and the gonads. Hence, the
worldwide diffusion of environmental plastic contamination (PLASTAMINATION) in daily life may
represent a possible and potentially serious risk to human health.

Objective:

This review provides an overview of the effects of non-biodegradable and the more recently
introduced biodegradable MPs and NPs on the brain and brain-dependent reproductive functions,
summarizing the molecular mechanisms and outcomes on nervous and reproductive organs. Data from
in vitro, ex vivo, non-mammalian and mammalian animal models and epidemiological studies have
been reviewed and discussed.

Results:

MPs and NPs from non-biodegradable plastics affect organs, tissues and cells from sensitive
systems such as the brain and reproductive organs. Both MPs and NPs induce oxidative stress, chronic
inflammation, energy metabolism disorders, mitochondrial dysfunction and cytotoxicity, which in turn
are responsible for neuroinflammation, dysregulation of synaptic functions, metabolic dysbiosis, poor
gamete quality, and neuronal and reproductive toxicity. In spite of this mechanistic knowledge gained
from studies of non-biodegradable plastics, relatively little is known about the adverse effects or molecular
mechanisms of MPs and NPs from biodegradable plastics.

Conclusion:

The neurological and reproductive health risks of MPs/NPs exposure warrant serious
consideration, and further studies on biodegradable plastics are recommended.
Metal Matrix Composites: An Introduction and Relevance to Modern Sustainable Industry
Authors: Khanna Virat , Kumar Rakesh , Singh Kamaljit
Published: March 2024

Metal matrix composites (MMCs) are a family of strong yet lightweight
materials that have many industrial uses, particularly in the automotive, aerospace, and
thermal management industries. By choosing the best combinations of matrix,
reinforcement, and manufacturing techniques, the structural and functional features of
MMCs may be adjusted to meet the requirements of diverse industrial applications. The
matrix, the interaction between them, and the reinforcement all affect how MMCs
behave. Yet, there is still a significant problem in developing a large-scale, costeffective MMC production method with the necessary geometrical and operational
flexibility. This chapter provides an overview of Metal Matrix Composites (MMCs),
their historical development, properties of MMCs, classification of MMCs, diverse
applications, and the relevance of MMCs to sustainable industries.
A Critical Review of Fabrication Techniques and Possible Interfacial Reactions of Silicon Carbide Reinforced Aluminium Metal Matrix Composites
Authors: Kumar Jatinder , Singh Dilbag , Kalsi Nirmal S.
Published: March 2024

In this review article, the current status of and recent developments in
fabrication techniques for all types of Silicon Carbide reinforced Aluminium Metal
Matrix Composites (SiC-AMMCs) have been elaborately discussed. The comparative
studies on fabrication methods have also been reported in this article. Furthermore, the
possible interfacial reactions between aluminium and silicon carbide that have been
presented by researchers were also explored and their causes and remedies have been
discussed. The entire discussion in this review article reveals that liquid fabrication
processes (especially stir casting) are used effectively for mass production, intricate
shapes, a variety of products, nano-composites, etc. The solid-state processes are
performed below the melting temperature of matrices, resulting in the least possible
interfacial reactions leading to unwanted compounds’ formation. The literature on
interfacial reactions reveals that the Al4C3
compound is mostly formed as a result of the
reactions between aluminium and silicon carbide and exhibits a deleterious effect on
the composite properties.
A Review on Reinforcement and Its Effect on Aluminium-Based Composites
Authors: Thakur Anupam , Khanna Virat , Murtaza Qasim
Published: March 2024

In today’s world, there are different materials that are already used in certain
applications and have been performing well. As the need and the complications in
certain areas have been progressively discovered, there is a wide requirement for
materials’ research that has a combined effect of more than one property which is a
limitation of monolithic materials. To have such an effect, the fabrication of certain
materials having a well-tailored blend of properties as per the reinforcement is used to
form a composite. A review has been carried out for the various research works and the
effort is being made to summarize the effect of mono and hybrid reinforcements on the
materialistic properties as compared to the base material.
Hybrid Glass Fiber Reinforced Composites: Classification, Fabrication and Applications
Authors: Mehra Rahul , Kumar Satish , Kumar Santosh
Published: March 2024

The need to develop and use materials that are both much lighter and
stronger than current materials but are also more energy-efficient has been felt due to
the ongoing depletion of resources and the rising demand for component efficiency.
Composites are the best available suitable materials due to their excellent ultra-light
weight and outstanding strength characteristics. They have great energy absorption
capacity, high stiffness, high fracture toughness, and low thermal expansionin addition
to being highly strong in effect and light in weight. Today, composites are being used
in an increasing number of technical fields, from the automotive to aviation.
THE IMPACT OF ATRIAL FIBRILLATION ON THE COURSE OF HEART FAILURE: FOCUS ON DIASTOLIC FUNCTION AND BIOMARKERS
Authors: Kulaiets N.M.
Published: March 2024

Серцева недостатність зі збереженою фракцією викиду (СНзбФВ) та фібриляція передсердь (ФП) - тісно пов'язані між собою серцево-судинні захворювання. Їх складна взаємодія та спільні фактори ризику ускладнюють лікування.
Мета – дослідити взаємозв'язок між діастолічною дисфункцією та рівнями серцевих біомаркерів (NT-proBNP, ST2 та галектину-3) у пацієнтів із серцевою недостатністю зі збереженою фракцією викиду та оцінити прогностичну цінність цих біомаркерів у діагностиці та оцінці тяжкості діастолічної дисфункції.
Матеріали і методи. Дослідження проводилося як одноцентрове когортне дослідження на базі Івано-Франківського обласного клінічного кардіологічного центру, а матеріали та методи, що використовувалися, описані нижче.  Пацієнти були розподілені на дві групи: одна - лише з СНзбФВ (41 пацієнт), інша - з СНзбФВ та фібриляцією передсердь (ФП) (64 пацієнти).
Результати.  Аналіз показав достовірні відмінності ехокардіографічних параметрів та біомаркерів між двома групами. Пацієнти як з СНзбФВ, так і з ФП мали більш виражені ехокардіографічні ознаки збільшення та дисфункції лівого передсердя. Аналіз біомаркерів виявив вищі рівні NT-proBNP, sST2 і галектину-3 у пацієнтів з СНзбФВ і ФП порівняно з пацієнтами лише з ГЛШ, що вказує на більш тяжкий клінічний перебіг. Результати дослідження дозволяють зробити впевнений висновок, що ФП має значний вплив на прогресування та тяжкість перебігу СНзбФВ.
Висновки:

sST2 є ключовим показником, оскільки його сильна кореляція з наявністю ФП у пацієнтів із СНзбФВ дозволяє з високою точністю визначити вираженість міокардіального стресу.
Негативні кореляції Deceleration time та ФВ ЛШ у групі СНзбФВ + ФП вказують на більш виражену діастолічну та систолічну дисфункцію у цій групі, що свідчить про необхідність пошуку таргетних стратегій ведення цих пацієнтів.
Позитивна кореляція між LAVI і біомаркерами міокардіального стресу свідчить про те, що збільшення передсердь є важливим фактором, який впливає на ступінь тяжкості СНзбФВ, особливо у пацієнтів з ФП.
Patient Perspectives on Communication Pathways After Orthopedic Surgery and Discharge and Evaluation of Team-Based Digital Communication: Qualitative Exploratory Study
Authors: Jensen Lili Worre Høpfner , Rahbek Ole , Lauritsen Rikke Emilie Kildahl , Kold Søren , Dinesen Birthe
Published: March 2024

Background

The transition from hospital to home after orthopedic surgery requires smooth communication and coordination between patients and their team of care to avoid fragmented care pathways. Digital communication is increasingly being used to facilitate easy and accessible asynchronous communication between patients and health care professionals across settings. A team-based approach to digital communication may provide optimized quality of care in the postoperative period following orthopedic surgery and hospital discharge.

Objective

This study was divided into two phases that aimed to (1) explore the perspectives of patients undergoing orthopedic surgery on current communication pathways at a tertiary hospital in Denmark and (2) test and explore patients’ experiences and use of team-based digital communication following hospital discharge (eDialogue).

Methods

A triangulation of qualitative data collection techniques was applied: document analysis, participant observations (n=16 hours), semistructured interviews with patients before (n=31) and after (n=24) their access to eDialogue, and exploration of use data.

Results

Findings show that patients experience difficult communication pathways after hospital discharge and a lack of information due to inadequate coordination of care. eDialogue was used by 84% (26/31) of the patients, and they suggested that it provided a sense of security, coherence, and proximity in the aftercare rearranging communication pathways for the better. Specific drivers and barriers to use were identified, and these call for further exploration of eDialogue.

Conclusions

In conclusion, patients evaluated eDialogue positively and suggested that it could support them after returning home following orthopedic surgery.