bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
MicroRNAs in Female Malignancies
Authors: Liolios Themis , Kastora Stavroula Lila , Colombo Giorgia
Published: February 2019

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous 22-nucleotide RNAs that can play a fundamental regulatory role in the gene expression of various organisms. Current research suggests that miRNAs can assume pivotal roles in carcinogenesis. In this article, through bioinformatics mining and computational analysis, we determine a single miRNA commonly involved in the development of breast, cervical, endometrial, ovarian, and vulvar cancer, whereas we underline the existence of 7 more miRNAs common in all examined malignancies with the exception of vulvar cancer. Furthermore, we identify their target genes and encoded biological functions. We also analyze common biological processes on which all of the identified miRNAs act and we suggest a potential mechanism of action. In addition, we analyze exclusive miRNAs among the examined malignancies and bioinformatically explore their functionality. Collectively, our data can be employed in in vitro assays as a stepping stone in the identification of a universal machinery that is derailed in female malignancies, whereas exclusive miRNAs may be employed as putative targets for future chemotherapeutic agents or cancer-specific biomarkers.
Foreign workers: On the other side of gendered, racial, political and ethical borders
Authors: Andrijasevic Rutvica , Rhodes Carl , Yu Kyoung-Hee
Published: February 2019

While political issues related to migration and work have been explored in great detail from the perspective of, inter alia, industrial relations, international business, economics and of course migration studies itself, they have been notably absent from any real consideration at all in organization studies. This appears as an almost wilful omission of one of the most pressing political issues facing the post-globalized world, as well as one in which work organizations are centrally implicated. This article, and the Special Issue which it introduces, explores how what it means to be a ‘foreign’ worker is deeply influenced by and connected to sexuality, gender, politics and ethics. We consider individual differences, context-specific experiences and dynamic processes through which the sexed, gendered and classed category of the foreign worker is constructed, enacted and resisted. We find that class, race and gender serve to shape a sense of foreignness that is central to the meaning and experience of work. The machinations of power are never far away, as people’s differences come to be used as an axis of actual and potential oppression, coercion and exploitation.
Timely recognition of palliative care needs of patients with advanced chronic heart failure: a pilot study of a Dutch translation of the Needs Assessment Tool: Progressive Disease – Heart Failure (NAT:PD-HF)
Authors: Janssen Daisy JA , Boyne Josiane , Currow David C , Schols Jos MGA , Johnson Miriam J , La Rocca H-P Brunner-
Published: February 2019

Background:

The Needs Assessment Tool: Progressive Disease – Heart Failure (NAT:PD-HF) was developed to identify and triage palliative care needs in patients with chronic heart failure. A Dutch version is currently lacking.

Aims:

The aim of this study was to investigate the feasibility and acceptability of a Dutch NAT:PD-HF in chronic heart failure outpatients; and to gain preliminary data regarding the effect of the NAT:PD-HF on palliative care referral, symptoms, health status, care dependency, caregiver burden and advance directives.

Methods:

A mixed methods study including 23 outpatients with advanced chronic heart failure and 20 family caregivers was performed. Nurses conducted patient consultations using a Dutch translation of the NAT:PD-HF and rated acceptability. Before this visit and 4 months later, symptoms, health status, performance status, care dependency, caregiver burden and recorded advance directives were assessed. A focus group with participating nurses discussed barriers and facilitators towards palliative care needs assessment.

Results:

Acceptability was rated as 7 (interquartile range 6–7 points) on a 10-point scale. All patients had palliative care needs. In 48% actions were taken, including two patients referred to palliative care. Symptoms, performance status, care dependency, caregiver burden and advance directives were unchanged at 4 months, while health status deteriorated in patients completing follow-up ( n=17). Barriers towards palliative care needs assessment included feeling uncomfortable to initiate discussions and concerns about the ability to address palliative care needs.

Conclusions:

The NAT:PD-HF identified palliative care needs in all participants, and triggered action to address these in half. However, training in palliative care communication skills as well as palliative care interventions should accompany the introduction of a palliative care needs assessment tool.

Netherlands National Trial Register (NTR):

5616. http://www.trialregister.nl/trialreg/admin/rctview.asp?TC=5616
Online fatigue crack prognosis using nonlinear ultrasonic modulation
Authors: Lim Hyung Jin , Sohn Hoon
Published: February 2019

This article presents an online remaining fatigue life estimation (prognosis) technique using nonlinear ultrasonic modulation. When two ultrasonic inputs at two distinct frequencies are introduced to a structure with a fatigue crack, modulation components at the sum and difference of input frequencies are generated owing to crack opening and closing. First, a fatigue index is defined for prognosis and extracted from nonlinear ultrasonic modulation measurement. Subsequently, it is shown that the fatigue index is expressed as a simple power function of loading cycles applied to a target structure based on the Nazarov–Sutin and Paris–Erdogan theories. Then, the real-time remaining fatigue life estimation method is proposed by fitting the power function to online data obtained from the target structure. The performance of the proposed prognosis technique is evaluated using either notched or welded aluminum (6061-T6) plate specimens.
Jihadism and crime in Spain: A convergence settings approach
Authors: Argomaniz Javier , Bermejo Rut
Published: February 2019

This article explores the melting pot of jihadists and criminals that has featured in some of the most significant jihadist attacks and plots foiled in Spain over the last 15 years. Applying Felson’s offender convergence settings theory to this case, we argue that the confluence of criminality and jihadism observed in other European contexts has also been present in the Spanish case. Individuals with criminal pasts have utilized their skills for terrorist attacks, a variety of forms of crime have been used to fund terrorism, and certain settings such as prisons have facilitated the convergence between criminals and jihadists and enabled a process of identity transition.
Notes Toward a Minor Sociology
Authors: Andrews John
Published: February 2019

Drawing on Deleuze and Guattari’s concept of minor literature, minor sociology refers to an epistemological and political program for sociology (and social/cultural analysis more generally) that challenges well-worn paradigms. As new forms of domination and control, worsening class inequalities, environmental degradation, and increasing xenophobia all characterize the current moment, minor sociology aims to offer new ways of thinking about and researching the social. In examination of marginalized or neglected figures and texts from the field, this essay sketches out why minor sociology is relevant and necessary for the 21st century.
Management of oral anticoagulation after intracerebral hemorrhage
Authors: Kuramatsu Joji B , Huttner Hagen B
Published: February 2019

Background

The most recent years have significantly expanded knowledge regarding risks and benefits of resuming oral anticoagulation (OAC) after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). No randomized data is yet available, though several large observational studies and meta-analyses have investigated the impact of resuming OAC on thromboembolic versus hemorrhagic complications in these high-risk patients after ICH.

Aims

The present review will summarize the most important studies conducted over the last years and will focus on relevant factors help guiding on decision-making on whether to start OAC after ICH.

Summary of review

Several important factors (demographic, co-morbidities, clinical characteristics) need to be considered before individual decision-making for or against OAC is employed. Existing observational data suggest that patients after ICH with indication for long-term oral anticoagulation benefit from OAC given significant reductions of thromboembolic events without significantly increasing bleeding complications. Studies even suggest that thereby also clinical outcomes may be improved. Prospective trials currently recruiting patients will clarify whether OAC after ICH – or left atrial appendage closure as a meaningful alternative – is of clinical net-benefit.

Conclusions

Large sized and well-executed investigations (moderate quality of evidence) are showing that OAC resumption after ICH decreases thromboembolic complications and long-term mortality without significantly increasing bleeding complications. Further, data suggest that resumption may be safer in non-lobar ICH compared to lobar ICH, but overall, thoughtful selection, strict blood pressure control, and precise communication are paramount before starting a patient on OAC after ICH.
Effects of deoxynivalenol-feed contamination on circulating LPS in pigs
Authors: Kahlert Stefan , Renner Lydia , Kluess Jeannette , Frahm Jana , Tesch Tanja , Bannert Erik , Kersten Susanne , Dänicke Sven , Rothkötter Hermann-Josef
Published: February 2019

Low concentration of LPS can be detected in healthy mammals without triggering systemic inflammation. Here we analysed the influence of the mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (DON) on very low LPS concentrations and the role of DON in the physiology of pigs challenged with high artificial LPS dosage mimicking septic shock. Pigs were fed for 29 d with DON-contaminated (4.59 mg/kg feed) or control feed. Samples of control animals showed 6.6 ± 13.5 pg/ml LPS in portal and 3.1 ± 7.6 pg/ml LPS in jugular serum samples. In the DON fed group, 3.4 ± 7.2 pg/ml and 0.6 ± 0.8 pg/ml were detected. The differences were statistically not significant, indicating that DON is not a trigger for enhanced LPS transfer into the blood circulation. Next, pigs were challenged with 7.5 µg LPS/kg body mass via portal or jugular route. The application route did not significantly influence the LPS concentration. We expected higher circulating LPS concentrations in the presence of DON due to the additional stress of liver metabolism and reduced liver capacity to remove LPS from circulation. This scenario is supported by tendency. In summary, we found that DON is unlikely to influence LPS transfer in the gut; DON likely reduces the capacity for LPS removal in septic shock conditions.
Open Science: A Candid Conversation
Authors: Smith Kendal N. , Makel Matthew C.
Published: February 2019

In response to concerns about the credibility of many published research findings, open science reforms such as preregistration, data sharing, and alternative forms of publication are being increasingly adopted across scientific communities. Although journals on giftedness and advanced academic research have already implemented several of these practices, they remain unfamiliar to some researchers. In this informal conversation, Kendal Smith and Matthew Makel discuss how they came to know and use open science practices, the values of open science, benefits and objections, and their future aspirations for open science practices in gifted education research. Their conversation aims to help make open science practices more understandable and actionable for both early career and established researchers.
Effects of Antibiotics on α-Toxin Levels during Staphylococcus aureus Culture: Implications for the Protection of Chondrocytes in a Model of Septic Arthritis
Authors: Miller Robbie P. , Berlouis Marie E. , Hall Alan G. , Simpson A. Hamish R.W. , Smith Innes D. M. , Hall Andrew C.
Published: February 2019

Objective

Septic arthritis results from joint infection by Staphylococcus aureus, which produces potent α-toxin causing cell death, potentially leading to permanent cartilage damage. Treatment is by joint irrigation and antibiotics, although it is unclear if, following treatment with antibiotics which cause bacterial lysis, there is release of additional stored α-toxin.

Design

A rabbit erythrocyte hemolysis assay was optimised to assess biologically-active α-toxin from cultured S. aureus α-toxin strain DU5946. Hemoglobin release was measured spectrophotometrically following addition of a bacteriostatic antibiotic (linezolid) or a bacteriolytic antibiotic (penicillin). A bovine cartilage model of septic arthritis was used to test the protective effects of antibiotics against S. aureus infection.

Results

During S. aureus culture, α-toxin levels increased rapidly but the rate of rise was quickly (within 20 minutes) suppressed by linezolid (25 μg/mL). Penicillin also reduced the increase in α-toxin levels; however, the time course was relatively slow compared to linezolid even at high concentrations (50,000 U/mL). The efficacy of penicillin (250,000 U/mL) at reducing the rise in α-toxin was approximately 8% less than that of linezolid ( P < 0.05) suggesting the presence of additional toxin. This could be due to a delayed action of penicillin, and/or release of a small pool of stored α-toxin from dying bacteria. In a bovine cartilage model, however, there was no difference between the protection of in situ chondrocytes against S. aureus by penicillin or linezolid ( P > 0.05).

Conclusion

The results suggested that equally effective protection of chondrocytes against S. aureus septic arthritis may be obtained by the bacteriostatic or bacteriolytic antibiotics tested.
Estimated age based on exercise stress testing performance outperforms chronological age in predicting mortality
Authors: Harb Serge C , Cremer Paul C , Wu Yuping , Xu Bo , Cho Leslie , Menon Venu , Jaber Wael A
Published: February 2019

Aims

We sought to estimate patients' age based on their stress testing exercise performance (A-BEST), and evaluate whether A-BEST would be a better predictor of mortality when compared to chronological age.

Methods

We included 126,356 consecutive patients referred for exercise (electrocardiography, echocardiography or myocardial perfusion imaging) stress testing at our institution from January 1st, 1991 to February 27th, 2015. Estimated age was computed based on exercise capacity (number of peak estimated metabolic equivalents of task), chronotropic reserve index and heart rate recovery, taking into account patient's gender and medications that affect heart rate. Uni and multivariable Cox models were used to determine the association of A-BEST with mortality. Improvement in predicting mortality using A-BEST compared to chronological age was evaluated with the use of net reclassification improvement and C statistic.

Results

Mean age was 53.5 ± 12.6 years and 59% were men. At follow-up (mean duration was 8.7 years), 9929 (8%) died. After adjustment for clinical comorbidities, higher metabolic equivalents of task (adjusted hazard ratio (HR) for mortality 0.71, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.70–0.72, P < 0.001) and higher chronotropic reserve index (adjusted HR for mortality 0.97, 95% CI 0.96–0.99, P = 0.0135) were associated with improved survival, whereas abnormal heart rate recovery (adjusted HR for mortality 1.53, 95% CI 1.46–1.61, P < 0.001) and higher A-BEST (adjusted HR for mortality 1.05, 95% CI 1.04–1.05, P < 0.001) were associated with higher mortality. When comparing prediction models using A-BEST versus chronological age, a significant increase in the area under the curve was demonstrated if A-BEST was used (0.82 vs. 0.79, P < 0.001). The overall net reclassification improvement was 0.30 (P < 0.001).

Conclusion

Estimated age based on exercise stress testing performance is a better predictor of mortality when compared to chronological age.
Mobility analysis of AmpuTees (MAAT 5): Impact of five common prosthetic ankle-foot categories for individuals with diabetic/dysvascular amputation
Authors: Wurdeman Shane R , Stevens Phillip M , Campbell James H
Published: February 2019

Introduction

Diabetes and vascular disease represent the most common etiologies for lower limb amputations. In lower limb loss rehabilitation, the prosthetic ankle-foot mechanism is the most common major component needed to restore function. The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of five common prosthetic ankle-foot mechanisms on functional mobility in a large sample of individuals with amputation due to diabetes/dysvascular disease.

Methods

A retrospective analysis of the Prosthetic Limb Users' Survey of Mobility (PLUS-M®) captured in the patient care setting. A total of 738 individuals were included and subsequently subdivided into five groups based on the ankle-foot mechanism of their current prosthesis. Groups were compared using a general linear univariate model with age, body mass index, comorbid health status, time since amputation, and amputation level entered as covariates.

Results

The microprocessor ankle-foot group had the highest mobility (F4,728 = 3.845, p=0.004), which was followed by the vertical loading pylon type ankle-foot, the hydraulic ankle-foot, the flex-walk-type ankle-foot, and lastly the flex-foot-type ankle-foot.

Conclusion

These results demonstrate that the selection of different prosthetic ankle-foot technology directly impacts functional mobility for the patient with an amputation due to diabetes and/or vascular disease.
A Move-A-Thon Event: A Workplace Demonstration of a Proposed Alternative Strategy to Incentivize Workers to Engage in Physical Activity
Authors: Reutman Susan , Lewis Renee
Published: February 2019

Motivating employees to increase their physical activity is a health promotion challenge. A Move-A-Thon (MAT) event approach was implemented as an alternative incentive to help workers to optimize their physical activity levels. We implemented a demonstration project in which workers were incentivized for their participation through monetized donations to charity. Their steps were monitored over the 2-week demonstration period. The MAT goal was for participants to achieve a minimum of 3,000 daily steps for 2 weeks, for which they could earn a total donation of up to US$20. Participants walking at least once with up to five different “exercise buddies” could earn up to US$2 more per buddy for donation. Of 10 workers invited, nine enrolled and eight completed participation by logging their monitored steps across an average of 13.75 full MAT participation days. Participants averaged 9,330.8 steps per day—more than triple the lower threshold required for a maximum US$20 charitable donation. The eight participants walked with a total of 21 “exercise buddies.” They were receptive to future MAT events of longer duration. In total, the monetized donation to charity made by those eight participants was US$202. The MAT event participants were successful at promoting physical activity among a small group of workers for 2 weeks. Future worksite health promotion projects with this type of incentive strategy are indicated.
Virtual Team Leader Communication: Employee Perception and Organizational Reality
Authors: Newman Sean A. , Ford Robert C. , Marshall Greg W.
Published: February 2019

Based on a study of leader communication effectiveness conducted in a large human resource outsourcing firm, this article reports how virtual team members’ perceptions of their leaders’ effective use of communication tools and techniques affect team performance outcomes. The study also investigates the role that trust plays in moderating the relationship between virtual team members’ perceptions of their leaders’ effective use of communication and team performance. Analysis of 458 responses from 68 teams found a positive relationship between virtual team members’ perceptions of leaders’ effective use of communications and team members’ perception of their team’s performance. The study also found that trust strengthens the relationship between perceived leader communication effectiveness and team performance results. Last, the study also revealed serious organizational alignment issues between what team members perceived to be effective leader communication, their perception of team performance outcomes, and the organizations performance measured by a balanced scorecard.
Outcomes Comparison of Enculturating Advance Directives Process at a Health System
Authors: Allen Rose , Cohn Tanya M. , Edozie Christine , Howard Susan , McCrink Patricia R.
Published: February 2019

The Center for Medicare and Medicaid Services requires organizations to comply with the Patient Self-Determination Act by having processes that inform patients about their rights to execute an advance directive (AD) and engage in shared decision-making. The aim of this study was to compare AD data from a previous study (1999–2002) to a postenculturation (2011–2015) of a structured process for documented patient’s preferences. Second, to conduct a descriptive, bivariate analysis of the enculturated structured ADs process during 2011 and 2015. This descriptive, comparative analysis included 500 random patients from four hospitals, and the enculturated descriptive analysis included 302 patients from six hospitals. Comparisons showed less no ADs and a greater institutional ADs post compared with pre ( p < .05). Fifty-four percent of patients from 2011 to 2015 had an AD, and none of them had resuscitative measures when Do-Not-Resuscitate status was ordered. This enculturated process which includes education for health-care professionals and the community facilitates optimal patient, family-centered care.
Visual analytics for collaborative human-machine confidence in human-centric active learning tasks
Authors: Legg Phil , Smith Jim , Downing Alexander
Published: February 2019

Active machine learning is a human-centric paradigm that leverages a small labelled dataset to build an initial weak classifier, that can then be improved over time through human-machine collaboration. As new unlabelled samples are observed, the machine can either provide a prediction, or query a human ‘oracle’ when the machine is not confident in its prediction. Of course, just as the machine may lack confidence, the same can also be true of a human ‘oracle’: humans are not all-knowing, untiring oracles. A human’s ability to provide an accurate and confident response will often vary between queries, according to the duration of the current interaction, their level of engagement with the system, and the difficulty of the labelling task. This poses an important question of how uncertainty can be expressed and accounted for in a human-machine collaboration. In short, how can we facilitate a mutually-transparent collaboration between two uncertain actors—a person and a machine—that leads to an improved outcome? In this work, we demonstrate the benefit of human-machine collaboration within the process of active learning, where limited data samples are available or where labelling costs are high. To achieve this, we developed a visual analytics tool for active learning that promotes transparency, inspection, understanding and trust, of the learning process through human-machine collaboration. Fundamental to the notion of confidence, both parties can report their level of confidence during active learning tasks using the tool, such that this can be used to inform learning. Human confidence of labels can be accounted for by the machine, the machine can query for samples based on confidence measures, and the machine can report confidence of current predictions to the human, to further the trust and transparency between the collaborative parties. In particular, we find that this can improve the robustness of the classifier when incorrect sample labels are provided, due to unconfidence or fatigue. Reported confidences can also better inform human-machine sample selection in collaborative sampling. Our experimentation compares the impact of different selection strategies for acquiring samples: machine-driven, human-driven, and collaborative selection. We demonstrate how a collaborative approach can improve trust in the model robustness, achieving high accuracy and low user correction, with only limited data sample selections.
Acoustic impedance estimation from combined harmonic reconstruction and interval velocity
Authors: Bianchin Luca , Forte Emanuele , Pipan Michele
Published: February 2019

Low-frequency components of reflection seismic data are of paramount importance for acoustic impedance (AI) inversion, but they typically suffer from a poor signal-to-noise ratio. The estimation of the low frequencies of AI can benefit from the combination of a harmonic reconstruction method (based on autoregressive [AR] models) and a seismic-derived interval velocity field. We have developed the construction of a convex cost function that accounts for the velocity field, together with geologic a priori information on AI and its uncertainty, during the AR reconstruction of the low frequencies. The minimization of this function allows one to reconstruct sensible estimates of low-frequency components of the subsurface reflectivity, which lead to an estimation of AI model via a recursive formulation. In particular, the method is suited for an initial and computationally inexpensive assessment of the absolute value of AI even when no well-log data are available. We first tested the method on layered synthetic models, then we analyzed its applicability and limitations on a real marine seismic data set that included tomographic velocity information. Despite a strong trace-to-trace variability in the results, which could partially be mitigated by multitrace inversion, the method demonstrates its capability to highlight lateral variations of AI that cannot be detected when the low frequencies only come from well-log information.
Engagement in HIV Care and Access to Cancer Treatment Among Patients With HIV-Associated Malignancies in Uganda
Authors: Low Daniel H. , Phipps Warren , Orem Jackson , Casper Corey , Bender Ignacio Rachel A
Published: February 2019

PURPOSE

Health system constraints limit access to HIV and cancer treatment programs in sub-Saharan Africa. Limited access and continuity of care affect morbidity and mortality of patients with cancer and HIV. We assessed barriers in the care cascade of comorbid HIV and cancer.

PATIENTS AND METHODS

Structured interviews were conducted with 100 adult patients with HIV infection and new diagnoses of cancer at the Uganda Cancer Institute. Participants completed follow-up questionnaires after 1 year to assess ongoing engagement with and barriers to care.

RESULTS

The median time from new-onset cancer symptoms to initiation of cancer care at the Uganda Cancer Institute was 209 days (interquartile range, 113 to 384 days). Persons previously established in HIV care waited less overall to initiate cancer care ( P = .04). Patients established in HIV care experienced shorter times from initial symptoms to seeking of cancer care ( P = .02) and from seeking of care to cancer diagnosis ( P = .048). Barriers to receiving care for HIV and cancer included difficulty traveling to multiple clinics/hospitals (46%), conflicts between HIV and cancer appointments (23%), prohibitive costs (21%), and difficulty adhering to medications (15%). Reporting of any barriers to care was associated with premature discontinuation of cancer treatment ( P = .003).

CONCLUSION

Patients with HIV-associated malignancies reported multiple barriers to receiving care for both conditions, although knowledge of HIV status and engagement in HIV care before presentation with malignancy reduced subsequent time to the start of cancer treatment. This study provides evidence to support creation and evaluation of integrated HIV and cancer care models.
Looking Through the Lens of a Family Planner to Prioritize Reproductive Health Among Women With Cancer
Authors: Madrigal Jessica M. , Atluri Mokshasree , Radeke Erika K. , Patel Ashlesha
Published: February 2019

PURPOSE:

Prioritization of cancer treatment initiation in women of reproductive age may underscore potential implications on reproductive health. This study describes a family planning quotient (FPQ) and reproductive life index (RepLI) tool designed to help providers to discuss effectively reproductive health with women with cancer.

METHODS:

We tailored the FPQ/RepLI tool for patients with cancer after development in the family planning setting and piloted it with 36 oncology patients referred to our family planning clinic. Each patient completed the FPQ/RepLI with a health educator or medical student and then met with a physician to create a reproductive life plan. A subsample evaluated the tool by rating satisfaction using a Likert scale. Summary statistics were calculated overall and by childbearing status.

RESULTS:

Of the 36 women, 22 did not desire additional children and received contraception. One third (n = 14) had not completed childbearing, four of whom continued with fertility preservation counseling. Women who desired childbearing were less likely to already have children ( P = .02), and more than one half were using long-term contraception. All agreed that the FPQ/RepLI helped them to talk to their provider about their reproductive goals. Only 44.4% agreed that their oncologist knew how many children they desired, and 88.9% found the tool helpful and would use it for future tracking of their reproductive goals.

CONCLUSION:

The FPQ/RepLI is useful for assessing the reproductive health of young women with a new cancer diagnosis, understanding desires of future childbearing, and providing effective contraception. We recommend the incorporation of this tool into practice to better understand patients’ reproductive needs.
Oral mucositis in patients undergoing radiotherapy for head and neck cancer: An observational cross-sectional study
Authors: Al-Qalamji Marwa Ayad Nouri , Al-Rawaq Khudair Jassim , Al-Nuaimi Dalya Saad Abbood , Mahmood Noori Ali Ghalib
Published: February 2019

Background:Radiotherapy (RT) is indispensable in the treatment of head and neck cancer (HNC). Oral mucositis (OM) is a complication in HNC patients undergoing RT. This study aimed to identify the incidence, distribution of OM, and its effect on treatment breaks in a section of HNC in patients in Iraq.

Methods:This is an observational, descriptive cross-sectional study. In total, 50 patients with primary HNC, treated with external beam RT, from 30th April to 10th September 2017 at  Baghdad Radiation Oncology and Nuclear Medicine Center were included in the study. Cases of OM were graded according to the World Health Organization scale.

Results:80% of patients were below 65 years, and the male/female ratio was 2.6:1. Tumor sub-sites were nasopharynx (36%), larynx (22%), parotid (14%) and tongue (12%). 74% were smokers during or before starting RT. 86% were in stages III or IV. Incidence of OM was 72%; 16% grade I, 40% grade II, and 16% grade III. OM occurred in 93% females and 64% males, and 79% received concurrent regimens.

Conclusions:OM occurred in HNC treated by RT, more in females, who received chemotherapy plus RT, and those with tumors of the oral cavity and nasopharynx. OM-related unplanned breaks may interrupt treatment schedule. HNC imposes a double burden in Iraq as it attacks a productive age group, and the vast majority of the patients included in this study were diagnosed in advanced stages.
Stage 1 Registered Report: The relationship between handedness and language ability in children
Authors: Pritchard Verena E. , Malone Stephanie A. , Burgoyne Kelly , Heron-Delaney Michelle , Bishop Dorothy V.M. , Hulme Charles
Published: February 2019

Weak or inconsistent hand preference may be a risk factor for developmental language delay.  This study will test the extent to which variations in language skills are associated with the strength of hand preference. Data are drawn from a large sample (n = 569) of 6- to 7-year-old children unselected for ability, assessed at two time points, 6 months apart. Hand preference is assessed using the Quantitative Hand Preference task (QHP) and five uni-manual motor tasks. Language skills (expressive and receptive vocabulary, receptive grammar, and morphological awareness) are assessed with standardized measures. If weak cerebral lateralisation (as assessed by the QHP task) is a risk factor for language difficulties, it should be possible to detect such effects in the large representative sample of children examined here.
INTEGRATED MARKETING COMMUNICATIONS. THEORY AND PRACTICE OF ADVERTISING
Authors: Посухова Оксана , Posukhova Oxana , Кузьмина Ольга , Kuz'mina Ol'ga
Published: February 2019

The manual is written in accordance with the State educational standard of higher education in the areas of bachelor "Advertising and public relations" and "Sociology". The book analyzes the theoretical and practical issues of advertising. The authors describe advertising as part of the whole complex of marketing and integrated marketing communications. Advertising is considered in comparison with other forms and types of integrated communications, modern types of advertising, their advantages and disadvantages are analyzed. The book contains a large number of applications and illustrations that demonstrate the use of different types of modern advertisings. For undergraduate students and anyone interested in the theory and practice of advertising. It is recommended to use the courses "Theory and practice of advertising", "Brand management", "Basics of advertising", "Sociology of advertising", "Methodology and methods of sociological research", "Empirical sociology".
Educational program as a tool of the quality management system of vocational education
Authors: Логачев Максим , Logachev Maksim , Ткачева Галина , Tkacheva Galina , Самарин Юрий , Samarin Yuriy
Published: February 2019

The paper analyzes the existing practices of forming the content of professional educational programs. The place, structure, content and level of importance of educational programs in the quality management system of the educational process are determined. The technology of creation of the educational program meeting all requirements of professional and educational standards is developed. To do this, we created: a model of the program; classification of errors of its content and a mathematical model of the appearance of each class of errors; a set of indicators, their significance, criteria and scale of evaluation of the integral indicator; methodology, structure and algorithms of the monitoring system of quality management of educational programs.
The recommended control action consisting of the description of the obtained characteristics and a set of recommendations for correcting the identified shortcomings and errors is determined by the value of the monitoring result.
The paper describes the technologies that have practical application in professional educational organizations for methodological support of the educational process and allow to show the exact result of evaluation and control action in less time than the available results.
Recommended for managers of professional educational organizations, methodologists, graduate students and undergraduates.
Homograft Aortic Root Replacement with Saphenous Vein Graft Hemi-Cabrol for Prosthetic Aortic Valve Endocarditis
Authors: Dimarakis Ioannis , Wooldridge Wilfred , Kadir Isaac
Published: February 2019

A 44-year-old female presented with prosthetic valve endocarditis with periannular abscess involving the left coronary ostium. We describe cryopreserved aortic homograft root replacement with hemi-Cabrol reimplantation of the left coronary ostium using the long saphenous vein.
Maximum Diameter of Native Abdominal Aortic
Aneurysm Measured by Angio-Computed
Tomography
Authors: Mora Caroline , Marcus Claude , Barbe Coralie , Ecarnot Fiona , Long Anne
Published: February 2019

Background:
Computed tomography angiography (CTA) is the reference technique for the measurement of native maximum abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) diameter when surgery is being considered. However, there is a wide choice available for the methodology of maximum AAA diameter measurement on CTA, and to date, no consensus has been reached on which method is best. We analyzed clinical decisions based on these various measures of native maximum AAA diameter with CTA, then analyzed their reproducibility and identified the method of measurement yielding the highest agreement in terms of patient management.

Materials and Methods:
Three sets of measures in 46 native AAA were obtained, double-blind by three radiologists (J, S, V) on orthogonal planes, curved multiplanar reconstructions, and semi-automated-software, based on the AAA-lumen centerline. From each set, the clinical decision was recorded as follows: "Follow-up" (if all diameters <50 mm), "ambiguous" (if at least one diameter <50 mm AND at least one ≥50 mm) or "Surgery " (if all diameters ≥50 mm). Intra- and interobserver agreements in clinical decisions were compared using the weighted Kappa coefficient.

Results:
Clinical decisions varied according to the measurement sets used by each observer, and according to intra and interobserver (lecture#1) reproducibility. Based on the first reading of each observer, the number of AAA proposed for surgery ranged from 11 to 24 for J, 5 to 20 for S, and 15 to 23 for V. The rate of AAAs classified as "ambiguous" varied from 11% (5/46) to 37% (17/46).

The semi-automated method yielded very good intraand interobserver agreements in clinical decisions in all comparisons (Kappa range 0.83–1.00).

Conclusion:
The semi-automated method seems to be appropriate for native AAA maximum diameter measurement on CTA. In the absence of AAA outer-wallbased software more robust for complex AAA, clinical decisions might best be made with diameter values obtained using this technique.
An L-Shaped Incision for an Extensive Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm and Coronary Artery Bypass Using the Left Internal Thoracic Artery
Authors: Abe Tomonobu , Suenaga Hiroto , Oshima Hideki , Araki Yoshimori , Mutsuga Masato , Fujimoto Kazuro , Usui Akihiko
Published: February 2019

An L-shaped incision combining an upper half mid-sternotomy and a left antero-lateral thoracotomy at the fourth intercostal space has been proposed by several authors for extensive aneurysms involving the aortic arch and the proximal thoracic descending aorta. This approach usually requires the division of the left internal thoracic artery at its mid position, thus making it unusable for coronary artery bypass. We herein report a modified surgical approach for simultaneous extensive arch and proximal thoracic descending aorta replacement and coronary artery bypass using the left internal thoracic artery combining a left antero-lateral thoracotomy at the sixth intercostal space and upper mid-sternotomy. The visualization of the whole diseased aorta down to the level below the hilum of the left lung was good, and the integrity of the left internal thoracic artery graft was preserved by early heparin administration before sternotomy.
Coronary Events in Patients Presenting for Repair of Acute Type A Aortic Dissection
Authors: Tang Paul , Akhter Shahab , Osaki Satoru , Lozonschi Lucian , Kohmoto Takushi , De Oliveira Nilto
Published: February 2019

Background:
Preoperative coronary angiography is often not performed in acute Type A dissection. We examined differences in the incidence of pre-existing coronary disease and subsequent coronary events between patients undergoing acute Type A dissection repair and patients undergoing elective proximal aortic aneurysm repair.

Methods:
From 2000 to 2015, there were 154 acute Type A dissection repairs and 457 elective proximal aortic aneurysm repairs. We performed a retrospective review to evaluate preoperative coronary disease and postoperative coronary interventions such as percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and coronary bypass grafting (CABG).

Results:
A total of 31 (20%) dissection patients and 123 (27%) elective surgery patients had preoperative evidence of coronary artery disease (p = 0.094). All elective surgery patients but only six (4%) dissection patients had preoperative coronary catheterization. More CABGs were performed in the elective surgery group (19%) than in the dissection group (3%, p < 0.001). There were no differences in the incidence of prior PCI, CABG, or myocardial infarction between groups. Following dissection repair, four patients required coronary interventions. Of these, two (1.3%) experienced chest pain and underwent PCI at 4.7 and 4.3 months postoperatively, respectively, and another two experienced symptoms and required PCI at 5 and 7 years, respectively. The 30-day and 14-year mortality rates after dissection repair were 13% and 24%, respectively. Although the dissection group had poorer survival than the elective surgery group (p < 0.001), there was no difference in conditional survival after aortic-related deaths over the first year were censored (p = 0.104).

Conclusions:
Given the low incidence of missed significant coronary disease (1.3%), it is reasonable to perform Type A dissection repair without coronary angiography.
Autoimmunity in the Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm and its Association with Smoking
Authors: Tilson M. David
Published: February 2019

Smoking increases the risk of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) in both humans and mice, although the underlying mechanisms are not completely understood. An adventitial aortic antigen, AAAP-40, has been partially sequenced. It has motifs with similarities to all three fibrinogen chains and appears to be connected in evolution to a large family of proteins called fibrinogen-related proteins. Fibrinogen may undergo non-enzymatic nitration, which may result from exposure to nitric oxide in cigarette smoke. Nitration of proteins renders them more immunogenic. It has recently been reported that anti-fibrinogen antibody promotes AAA development in mice. Also, anti-fibrinogen antibodies are present in patients with AAA. These matters are reviewed in the overall context of autoimmunity in AAA. The evidence suggests that smoking amplifies an auto-immune reaction that is critical to the pathogenesis of AAA.
Views of public health nurses and mothers on weighing infants at breastfeeding support groups
Authors: Hanafin Sinead , Creedon Mary , O'Dywer Kieran , Clune-Mulvaney Catherine
Published: February 2019

The literature on growth assessment in infancy suggests that, while it is an important tool for defining health and nutritional status, there are concerns about potential negative effects from too frequent monitoring. The overall aim of this study was to estimate the value of public health nurse-facilitated breastfeeding group support in Ireland. The study was informed by, and is coherent with, the methodology used to calculate a social return on investment (SROI). Data were collected from primary and secondary stakeholders using focus group, joint and individual interviews (n=75) and questionnaire survey (n=139). Quantitative descriptive analysis of survey data and thematic analysis of qualitative data took place. Mothers viewed their infant's weight as an objective measure of their ability to breastfeed and highlighted its importance in counteracting negative commentary. Public health nurses suggested that mothers need to have confidence in their own ability rather than relying on an external measure of success. It is concluded that the voices of mothers need to be heard in any debate about what is helpful for them.
Pre-Service Teachers’ Problem Solving Skills and Curiosity Levels
Authors: Aldan-Karademir Cigdem
Published: February 2019

The aim of the study is to examine the pre-service teachers’ problem solving skills and curiosity levels according to different variables and to determine whether there is a relationship between them. The research was designed as a descriptive study in the survey model. The sample of the study consists of 1st and 4th grade pre-service teachers in the departments of German, Science, English, Mathematics, Music, Pre-school, Painting, English, Mathematics, Turkish Language Teaching at a university in Turkey. “Curiosity Scale” adapted into Turkish by Demirel and Diker Coskun, “Problem Solving Inventory” adapted into Turkish by Sahin, Sahin and Heppner  and “Personal Information Form” prepared by the researcher were used as data collection tools. In the analysis of the data obtained, SPSS-Windows 22.00 package program was used and descriptive statistics and parametric tests were applied in accordance with the sub-problems of the study. In addition, a correlation analysis was conducted to determine whether there was a relationship between pre-service teachers’ problem solving skills and curiosity levels. Based on the findings, suggestions about the problem solving skills and curiosity levels of the prospective teachers were presented.
A Shearing Strain Model for Cylindrical Stress States
Authors: Johnson Clarence E. , Bailey Alvin C. , Way Thomas R.
Published: February 2019

Abstract. A shearing strain model for soil was developed that includes soil behavior under compressive normal and shear stresses great enough to attain maximum compaction. The model was developed for a clay and a clay loam from triaxial data with various stress loading paths. This model relates the ratio of maximum shear stress acting on the cylindrical sample (tmax) to major principal stress (s1), to the ratio of maximum natural shearing strain to natural volumetric strain occurring after shear stress is initiated. The model accurately describes the shearing distortion of triaxial soil samples under cylindrical stress loading prior to yielding by plastic flow. This model predicts soil shearing strain for input stress states that realistically represent field conditions. Keywords: Principal stress and strain, Shearing strain, Shear stress, Soil compaction, Soil parameters, Triaxial tests.
Estimating the Total Lubricant Oil Consumption Rate in Agricultural Tractors
Authors: Calcante Aldo , Brambilla Massimo , Bisaglia Carlo , Oberti Roberto
Published: February 2019

Abstract. Lubrication effectiveness is of paramount importance for the durability of machine components and efficient transmission of power. In addition to reducing the wear and friction of moving parts, lubricants remove potentially damaging heat and impurities and reduce the oxidation and corrosion of components. In agricultural tractors, lubricant oils are used in the engine, transmission, hydraulic system, front and rear axles, steering, and braking systems. This means that a substantial amount of oil must be changed at regular intervals, as recommended by manufacturers. This leads to a significant total oil consumption rate whose estimation is related to accurate accounting of tractor operating costs and to environmental impact analysis (e.g., LCA) of mechanized agricultural operations. The objective of this study was to propose a new general equation to estimate the total hourly lubricant oil consumption rate (HTOC) of agricultural tractors as a function of the rated engine power by extending the definition of lubricant oil consumption rate given by ASABE Standard D497.7. To this end, a linear regression analysis was conducted on a training dataset of 91 tractor models retrieved from OECD Code 2 reports. After validation with a dataset of 164 tractor models, the resulting equation for estimating the total lubricant oil consumption had an R2 = 0.75 and prediction RMSE of 0.033 kg h-1. The equation was finally applied to an independent dataset of actual oil lubricant consumption rates obtained from a field survey of 118 agricultural tractors operating in northern Italy. Application of the equation to the field survey data showed an R2 of 0.89 and RMSE of 0.010 kg h-1 between predicted and actual values. Overall, the considered statistical indicators (r, R2, RMSE, PBIAS, and NSE) pointed to a satisfactory prediction capability of the equation. Keywords: Agricultural tractors, Lubricant oil, Oil consumption, Mechanization costs.