bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
“GENERAL THEORY” OF J.M. KEYNES: 80 YEARS AFTER
Authors: Kholopov A. V.
Published: May 2021

The Keynes' "General Theory", published 80 years ago, overthrew the neoclassical orthodoxy and created a new understanding of how market economy works. The main idea of the "General Theory" is that the amount of employment depends on the level of effective demand. Keynes believed that much economic activity is governed by "animal spirits" because of the existence of inescapable uncertainty about the future. In Keynes' view these "animal spirits" are the main cause for economic fluctuations. The uncertainty and "animalspirits"make investments unstable. He made distinction between risk (which is measurable) and uncertainty (which is not). This is the reason why Keynes opposed the excessive mathematicization of economics. His another important impact on economics was to switch the focus of economic analysis from the long run to the short term. The message of "General Theory" was that government should manage demand to limit economic fluctuations. The role Keynes gave the state was essentially to reduce uncertainty and to make economy more predictable.
RUSSIA IN THE GLOBAL INFORMATION SOCIETY
Authors: Zinovieva E. S.
Published: May 2021

The article evaluates the economic, military, social and humanitarian opportunities of Russia in the emerging global information society based on the World Wide Web. The author notes that in spite of the significant economic potential of the internet and its contribution to the world economy, today there is a tendency towards militarization of information space and the growth of the importance of issues of global information security. This trend is a reflection of international system's shifting towards multipolarity. This process is accompanied by the growth of conflicts including superbugs attacks Stuxnet on Iran’s Bushehr nuclear power plant, WikiLeaks revelations, Snowden affair. Russian diplomacy is trying to foster the development of global rules regulating the information society and information security based on respect for sovereignty and equality of states. Russia is a global power center in the military-political and diplomatic dimensions of the information space, while in economic and socio-cultural spheres it acts as a regional player. At the same time, the militarization of information increases the importance and priority of the military and political information tools although it does not eliminate the need to further strengthen the economic and technological potential of Russia. Military and diplomatic potential of Russia allow it to have systemic impact on the direction of development of the global information society - that is, it makes Russia a power center in this sphere of international politics. Given that today information technology is an important component of the so-called "aggregate power" of a state, the information potential of Russia allows it to be a global center of power both online and off line.
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF DEVELOPMENT TRENDS IN GLOBAL RENEWABLE ENERGY
Authors: Simonova M. D. , Zakharov V. E.
Published: May 2021

The article focuses on the economic and statistical analysis of industries associated with the use of renewable energy sources in several countries. The dynamic development and implementation of technologies based on renewable energy sources (hereinafter RES) is the defining trend of world energy development. The uneven distribution of hydrocarbon reserves, increasing demand of developing countries and environmental risks associated with the production and consumption of fossil resources has led to an increasing interest of many states to this field. Creating low-carbon economies involves the implementation of plans to increase the proportion of clean energy through renewable energy sources, energy efficiency, reduce greenhouse gas emissions. The priority of this sector is a characteristic feature of modern development of developed (USA, EU, Japan) and emerging economies (China, India, Brazil, etc.), as evidenced by the inclusion of the development of this segment in the state energy strategies and the revision of existing approaches to energy security. The analysis of the use of renewable energy, its contribution to value added of countries-producers is of a particular interest. Over the last decade, the share of energy produced from renewable sources in the energy balances of the world's largest economies increased significantly. Every year the number of power generating capacity based on renewable energy is growing, especially, this trend is apparent in China, USA and European Union countries. There is a significant increase in direct investment in renewable energy. The total investment over the past ten years increased by 5.6 times. The most rapidly developing kinds are solar energy and wind power.
THE U.S. QUEST FOR NEW TECHOLOGICAL FOUNDATIONS OF MILITARY SUPERIORITY: DILEMMAS OF THE THIRD OFFSET STRATEGY
Authors: Bartenev V. I.
Published: May 2021

The last decades have witnessed a remarkable surge of interest in studying the influence of science and technology on world politics. However, not all channels of such influence have been examined with equal rigor. Whereas numerous researchers have explored meticulously the impact of technologies on warfare, the issues of using military-technological breakthroughs to achieve political goals have been addressed less frequently. This paper seeks to fill this gaping niche by decomposing the Third Offset Strategy (TOS), a recent initiative of the U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) aimed at ensuring military-technological superiority of the United States in the XXI century, predominantly, by offsetting the new capabilities of the Russian Federation and the Popular Republic of China. The first section unveils a conceptual framing of the TOS, the second section examines a variety of technological priorities, and the final section identifies key uncertainties around implementation of this initiative in the mid-term and long-term perspective. The conclusion postulates that the emergence of the TOS was determined by both an erosion of the U.S. military superiority and budget constraints, and, therefore, its content might change if budget austerity imperatives will stop dominating the DoD strategists' thinking. The launch of the third offset strategy has also important international-political aspects. First, the TOS fits in the context of the U.S. rebalance to the Asia-Pacific. Second, the American allies in Europe might face a threat of a widening technological gap with the United States and a need to boost their spending on defense research and development, which might be unfeasible in the current fiscal environment. Third, the concentration of the United States on countering high-end opponents might lead to a further marginalization of the Middle East. Fourth, the TOS is likely to contain a disinformation component and aim at dragging the peer competitors of the U.S. into an exhaustive arms race.
TECHNOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF RUSSIAN ENERGY DIPLOMACY
Authors: Zhiznin S. Z. , Timokhov V. M.
Published: May 2021

In the present study we examined the impact of technology on the development of world energy in the world, as well as on the development of international energy relations. The important role of international cooperation in the field of energy technologies as a key factor in the development and global deployment of energy technologies in the industry. The most effective technology in the world of multilateral cooperation under the auspices of the International Energy Agency (IEA) and other international organizations. It allows the joint efforts of the countries concerned to develop new technologies, test them and implement in production. For Russia, it is very important, because at the moment our country is not only a leading exporter of energy resources, but also has a significant impact on global energy security. At the same time Russia's FEC requires urgent and serious modernization through the development and introduction of innovative technologies on the basis of the study of international experience. Therefore the question of modernization of Russian fuel and energy complex has an international character. One way to accelerate the process of modernization of the organization is a public-private partnership that will largely depend on the nature and possibilities of Russian energy diplomacy, given the geopolitical and economic realities in connection with the sanctions imposed by Western countries against our country.
INNOVATION PRODUCTION MODELS
Authors: Guseinova T. N.
Published: May 2021

The article is dedicated to the study of the models of production of innovations at enterprise and state levels. The shift towards a new technology wave induces a change in systems of division of labour as well as establishment of new forms of cooperation that are reflected both in theory and practice of innovation policy and management. Within the scope of the research question we have studied different generation of innovation process, starting with simple linear models - "technology push" and "market pull" - and ending with a complex integrated model of open innovations. There are two organizational models of innovation production at the enterprise level: start-ups in the early stages of their development and ambidextrous organizations. The former are prone to linear models of innovation process, while the latter create innovation within more sophisticated inclusive processes. Companies that effectuate reciprocal ambidexterity stand out from all the rest, since together with start-ups, research and development centres, elements of innovation infrastructure and other economic agents operating in the same value chain they constitute the core of most advanced forms of national innovation systems, namely Triple Helix and Quadruple Helix systems. National innovation systems - models of innovation production at the state level - evolve into systems with a more profound division of labour that enable "line production" of innovations. These tendencies are closely related to the advent and development of the concept of serial entrepreneurship that transforms entrepreneurship into a new type of profession. International experience proves this concept to be efficient in various parts of the world. Nevertheless, the use of above mentioned models and concepts in national innovation system should be justified by socioeconomic conditions of economic regions, since they determine the efficiency of implementation of certain innovation processes and organizational designs at company and national system level.
THE CAUCASIAN DIMENSION OF THE EASTERN PARTNERSHIP IN 2009-2016
Authors: Barakhvostov P. A.
Published: May 2021

The paper gives an in-depth analysis of the evolution of the EU policy towards the South Caucasus within the framework of the Eastern Partnership. It is amply demonstrated that in 2009-2016 the goal was a Europeanization as a creation of a favorable external environment for the European Union through a sweeping judiciary, economic and political transformation in the region carried out according to the European standards. Among the key objectives of the European Union policy is the maintenance of energy security by means of creating an alternative transport corridor for fossil fuels. The study underscores that the implementation of the Eastern Partnership in 2009-2013 revealed significant discrepancies in the speed and degree of Europeanization in the South Caucasus countries due to their socio-economic peculiarities. Such uneven transformation reflects the long-standing search for an optimum way of cooperation with the European Union. This complex multi-aspect and long-term process constitutes an integral part of the effort to grasp new national and regional identities made by post-Soviet states. The paper thoroughly analyses the distinctive features of the new EU foreign policy strategy characterized by a differentiated approach to each country. Instead of the former irreciprocal statement of prerequisites for cooperation, such an approach paves the way for meaningful bilateral dialogue between the partners and furthers integration just to the extent they are ready for. Yet, it is shown that this strategy preserved the faults of the former EU regional policy towards the post-Soviet space. They include inconsistency, vague objectives, and emphasis on the geopolitical confrontation with Russia. However, in order to promote the stable development of the region, the EU needs to rethink its foreign policy strategy and come up with a modernized framework of cooperation that would take into account the interests of all concerned parties, including the Russian Federation.
FUTURE TRENDS OF FORMATION OF THE INTERNATIONAL REGIME ON THE PROVISION OF INFORMATION SECURITY
Authors: Zinovieva E. S.
Published: May 2021

The article discusses the key trends shaping the international regime on information security. International cooperation in this area at the global level encounters contradictions of state interest. The main actors of the information security are the United States, Russia, China and the EU countries (Britain, France and Germany). The main contradiction is developing between the US on one side and Russia and China on the other. EU countries occupy the middle position, gravitating to that of US. The article proves that international cooperation on information security will reflect the overall logic of the development of international cooperation, which is characterized by a new model of cooperation, with the participation of state and non-state actors, known as multi-stakeholder partnerships and multi-level cooperation. The logic of the formation of an international regime on information security is closest to the logic of the formation of the international non-proliferation regime. It is in the interest of Russia to support the trend towards regionalization of information security regime. Russia can form a regional information security regime in the former Soviet Union on the basis of the CSTO and SCO and potentially on a wider Eurasian space. Such regional regime would give Russia an opportunity to shape the international regime and closely monitor emerging information security issues in the former Soviet Union, and remove the potential threat of "color revolutions".
EVOLUTION OF THE CONCEPT OF «WHITE MAN'S BURDEN» IN THE BRITISH CINEMA OF 20TH CENTURY
Authors: Ibrayev E. E.
Published: May 2021

The article discusses the features of the evolution on the silver screen so-called "white man's burden" or "civilizing mission" in the British colonies of the British Empire. The means of research were British feature films 1930-1980-ies. Using the author's methods of analysis of the ideological content of tapes and the context of their stories, it became clear that the idea of the "burden of the white" changed not only under the influence of the current socio-political situation in the metropolis and in the world, but also to a large extent transformed under the influence of highly artistic works of British directors each of which sought to bring to the story of the "civilizing mission" own view and vision to such a feature of the existence of the British Empire. The first feature films dedicated to the colonial subjects, by chance came the period of the ideological crisis of the empire in 1930, carried a powerful message of world film audience, the essence of which was the fact that Britain bears colonies only "good and justice" that without imperial province will remain forever languish in "darkness and ignorance." These films have reconciled a few British viewers with the idea of the need to preserve the empire. After the collapse of the colonial system there are films that criticize the cultural expansion of Europeans in the countries of Asia and Africa. The emphasis in these films was placed on the British arrogance and cruelty to the autochthonous peoples. The apogee evolution "burden of the white" reached in 1980, when Britain itself was to form multicultural society. The films of the decade have been devoted to the complete discrediting of the "civilizing mission" and recognize their mistakes in the relationship with the population of the colonies.
“HOW GRAND IS OUR DESIGN FOR EUROPE?”: INTEGRATION PLANS OF THE GREAT BRITAIN IN THE LATE OF 1950S
Authors: Khakhalkina E. V.
Published: May 2021

The UK European Union membership referendum 2016 and its results actualized the study of the British initiatives in the sphere of integration before the entry into the European Economic Community in 1973. The article is devoted to the little-known in Russian historiography "Grand Design"of H. Macmillan, nominated in the wake of the failure of the Suez operation against Egypt in 1956. Plan with such bright and eye-catching name suggested the creation of a broad integration group in Europe as alternative with Britain as a leader to the preparing for the establishment of projects of the European Economic Community and the European Atomic energy community. The project was designed to restore the prestige of the Conservative Party and to strengthen the shaky position of Britain in NATO and European affairs after Suez Crisis. At the same time the emergence of the plan reflected the desire of the Prime Minister, Harold Macmillan to weaken the struggle inside political establishment between supporters and opponents of the country's full-fledged participation in the European integration and take the lead in the integration movement from France. Analysis of the content of the project and attempts to implement it within the framework of a Free Trade Area (FTA) reveals the essence of the "special position" of the UK towards supranational integration and the British vision of the future of European integration. Modern United Kingdom appeared in the new European realities after the Referendum on the country’s membership in the European Union and returns to the starting point on the path of supranational integration and to the search for its place in Europe. In these circumstances, the ideas expressed by British politicians more than half a century ago, may again prove to be demanded and relevant.
EVALUATION OF RISKS RELATED TO RUSSIAN POWER GRID COMPANIES BY FOREIGN INVESTORS
Authors: Valkova D. L.
Published: May 2021

The article focuses on the impact of the current crisis on evaluation of risks related to Russian power grid companies by foreign investors as well as on prospects of raising foreign capital. The current situation resulted in a considerable deterioration of investment climate in Russia as well as in aggravation of industry-specific problems. Inflation growth, devaluation of the national currency, GDP decrease, drop in electricity consumption and the crisis in the banking sector negatively impact the investment profile of the country. This leads to increased risk premium for foreign capital investments in any type of Russian assets. At the same time industry-specific problems augmented as well. Those are primarily lack of transparency in regulation, which is subject to constant changes, growth in overdue receivables, limited access to modern technologies. All of the above had a considerable impact on the perception of Russian risks by international investors. A comprehensive approach is needed to improve the investment climate in the country and this would be largely defined by the general macroeconomic development of the Russian Federation and relations with other states. Consistent strategy and integrated actions of the Government and respective Ministries are of particular importance. As for the industry-specific factors, transparent and well-balanced long-term tariff system is the key condition for sustainable improvement of the situation in the sector, according to the major industry participants and leading experts. Thus, the article highlights changes in investor perception of the Russian power grid sector as well as relative impact on the industry development prospects. This analysis is the basis for further elaboration of recommendations regarding easing off of the crisis impact on the power grid companies as well as for assessment of prospects of meeting strategic industry development objectives.
THEORY OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS IN THE MIRROR OF CONTEMPORARY RUSSIAN INTERNATIONAL STUDIES
Authors: Lebedeva M. M. , Harkevich M. V.
Published: May 2021

The article deals with the evolution of Western theories of international relations in the postSoviet Russia, it analyzes the world view of Russian international scholars, as well as their reflection on the epistemological foundations of the probable Russian IR school. It states that pluralization of theoretical approaches continues in Russia, while liberalism is gradually givingup to realism on the way to the dominant theory. Constructivism is gaining popularity and postmodernism remains without followers. Russian international studies are structured by a long-standing debate about the identity of Russia. "Westerners" continue to argue with "Slavophiles."Sometimes these arguments translate into a cry for building independent national school of international relations, thereby exacerbating the problem of epistemological relativism. The bases for the school may be found in Russian spiritual philosophy, the Tartu-Moscow school of semiotics, Russian cultural studies, postcolonial tradition of national historical science.
Práticas artísticas comunitárias e participação cívica e política na ação de três grupos teatrais em Portugal
Authors: Cruz Hugo , Menezes Isabel , Bezelga Isabel
Published: May 2021

As práticas artísticas comunitárias têm-se afirmado como uma arena de tensão construtiva entre proposta artística e perspetivas políticas, educativas, sociais e comunitárias. O território híbrido e diverso destas práticas é o espaço de construção deste estudo, que assenta em entrevistas semiestruturadas e grupos de discussão focalizada com três coletivos de teatro portugueses, oriundos de territórios urbanos e rurais, que desenvolvem, de forma continuada, práticas artísticas comunitárias. Os objetivos do estudo centram-se na identificação das potencialidades e fragilidades emergentes nos processos criativos e na participação associada aos mesmos e na investigação das ligações entre o fazer teatral e a participação cívica e política. As conclusões, decorrentes da análise, permitem identificar três temas e respetivas relações: experiências de participação cívica e política anteriores à integração nos grupos teatrais; conceções de teatro; e efeitos percebidos na participação cívica e política. Discutem-se as conexões entre abordagens teatrais e princípios educativos e comunitários, predisposições associadas à participação cívica e política e os contextos sociais, políticos, educativos e culturais alargados dos grupos. Estes aspetos evidenciam-se no desenvolvimento de conceções de teatro que integram a dimensão política e nos efeitos percebidos (individuais, grupais e comunitários) pelos participantes do estudo.
 
Submetido: 19.07.2020Aceite: 15.12.2020
Penerapan Prinsip Akuntabilitas Dan Transparansi Dalam Mengelola Keuangan Desa
Authors: Mais Rimi Gusliana , Palindri Lini
Published: May 2021

This study aims how to know implementation principles of accountability and transparency in managing village finance in Government of Suka Damai Village, Plakat Tinggi District, Musi Banyuasin Regency. The research method use qualitative research method with a phenomenology type. The result of this study are that the Government of Suka Damai Village has implementation principles of accountability and transparency by involving villagers in deliberations to plan and discuss issues regarding village finance, implementation of village development, making and publishing financial reports,and overseeing the process of village financial management.
Toprak Özelliklerinin Çerezlik Kabağın Verim ve Kalitesine Etkileri
Authors: Davutoğlu Ayfer , Gözükara Gafur , Gulmezoglu Nurdilek
Published: May 2021

Bu araştırmada, Kütahya il ve ilçelerinde çerezlik kabak çekirdeği üretimine başlayan üretici arazilerinin toprak özelliklerinin, hasat edilen tohumların özellikleri üzerine etkileri araştırılmıştır. Bu amaçla, Kütahya Tarım ve Orman İl Müdürlüğü‘nün çiftçilere çerezlik kabak tohumluğu dağıttığı tarlalardan (44 adet) ekim öncesi toprak örnekleri alınmıştır. Toprak analizleri yapılmış ve elde edilen sonuçlara göre dekara 10 kg azot (N), 30 kg fosfor (P2O5), 11 kg potasyum (K2O) ve eksikliği belirlenen mikro elementleri yeterli seviyeye getirecek miktarda gübre önerilmiştir. Bu araştırma ile hasat edilen kabak tohumlarının verimi, morfolojik özellikleri, yağ ve protein içeriği belirlenmiştir. Araştırma alanındaki toprakların çoğunlukla killi tınlı, kireçli, organik madde içeriğinin orta, N içeriğinin yeterli, P içeriği yetersiz olarak belirlenmiştir. Toprakların mikro element içerikleri ise Fe ve Cu yeterli, Mn ve Zn çok az, B ise yeterli olduğu bulunmuştur. Kabak tohumlarının iç kısmının protein içeriği %22,6 ile 45,8 ve yağ oranı %41,48 ile 54,13 değerleri arasında değişmiştir. Bazı yetiştiricilerin ürettiği çerezlik kabak tanelerinin 100 tohum ağırlıklarının iri kalite sınıfına girdiği belirlenmiştir. Araştırma verileri, büyüme ortamı olan toprak özelliklerinin ve iklim koşullarının kabak çekirdeğinin protein ve yağ içeriğine doğrudan etkisinin çok fazla olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır.
Tıbbi ve Aromatik Bitkilerin Ekstraksiyon Yöntemleri, Gıdalarda Kullanımı ve Takviye Edici Gıda Alanında Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: Arslan Derya , Aydın Merve , Türker Selman
Published: May 2021

Tıbbi ve aromatik bitkiler (TAB), tüketicilerin doğal beslenme ve yaşama olan ilgisinin artmasıyla birlikte son yirmi yılda ön plana çıkmıştır. Türkiye, bulunduğu coğrafi konum, sahip olduğu iklim ve bitki çeşitliliği sayesinde TAB açısından önemli bir yere sahiptir. Oldukça geniş bir varyete gösteren TAB‘ın; lezzet, koku, tat verici, antimikrobiyal, antioksidan ve terapötik gibi etkileri nedeniyle çeşitli formlarda (bütün, öğütülmüş, toz, ekstrakt, ekstre, hidrosol veya uçucu yağlar) kullanımları mevcuttur. Bileşimlerindeki sekonder metabolitlerden dolayı tıp ve eczacılık alanlarının yanı sıra fonksiyonel gıda bileşeni ve takviye edici gıda olarak kullanımları da önem taşımaktadır. Son yıllarda dünya ölçeğinde artarak yaşanan küreselleşme, kentleşme, değişen yaşam koşulları ve beslenme alışkanlarının farklılaşması ile birlikte ortaya çıkan yetersiz ve dengesiz beslenme sonucu tüketicilerin takviye edici gıdalara yönelimini artırmıştır. Takviye edici gıdalar pazarında TAB‘ın kullanımına daha fazla yer verilmesiyle bu alanda gerekli düzenlemelere gidilmiştir. Bu derlemede, TAB ile bunların takviye edici gıda üretiminde kullanımı üzerine bazı bilgilere yer verilmiştir.
Relações de violência, medo e identidades em um contexto líquido: análise da situação brasileira
Authors: Soares Leonardo Humberto , Batista Cordova Reinaldo
Published: May 2021

A presente pesquisa visou identificar em que medida a escalada de violência identificada no Brasil (e percebida também em várias outras sociedades contemporâneas) pode estar diretamente relacionada ao nível de tensão e ansiedade existentes e que são potencializados pelas novas dinâmicas sociais, marcadas por relações liquidas, conforme expressado pelo pensamento de Bauman, que emergiram a partir do final do século XX. Nesse caminho, estabeleceu-se três hipóteses que foram corroboradas ao longo do trabalho, a citar: a desconstrução do contraditório pode ser reforçada pelo medo autoalimentado nos grupos sociais fechados; dentro desses grupos, o indivíduo tende a diluir a sua capacidade crítica e o seu nível de empatia devido ao contexto de medo ao qual está inserido; e as redes sociais oriundas da cultura digital podem ser geradoras de medo e potencializar uma escalada de violência física e presencial. Quanto aos fins, a pesquisa se caracterizou como explicativa. Quantos aos meios, a pesquisa se caracterizou como pesquisa de campo, investigação empírica e pesquisa documental.
Paisagens afrodiaspóricas em Diário de um retorno ao país natal, de Aimé Césaire
Authors: Mingote Ferreira de Ázara Michel
Published: May 2021

O objetivo deste artigo foi investigar em Diário de um retorno ao país natal (2012), poema fundamental do poeta martiniquenho Aimé Césaire, a configuração das paisagens afrodiaspóricas. O longo poema, escrito em estilo livre, é um dos marcos do movimento político, estético, cultural e ideológico da negritude, lançado em Paris, na década de 1930, mas que aglutina em seu bojo diversas manifestações culturais da Diáspora Negra, tais como o Renascimento Harlem, surgido nos Estados Unidos, nos anos de 1920, o indigenismo da literatura Haitiana, da mesma década, e o negrismo cubano dos anos de 1930.
Poesia visual: subsídios teórico-metodológicos para uma leitura da serialidade
Authors: Bertges Lívia , Pereira Vinícius
Published: May 2021

Este artigo apresenta subsídios teórico-metodológicos para leitura da poesia visual levando em conta o fenômeno da serialidade. A proposta está baseada nas relações de repetição e diferença que realçam os processos seriados nos poemas visuais selecionados para análise. Propomos os conceitos de série de poemas e poemas seriais. Identificamos uma série de poemas quando, em uma cadeia poética reiterativa, as unidades são autônomas do conjunto. No poema serial toda unidade da cadeia poética reiterativa é dependente do conjunto. Dado o suporte das teorias pós-estruturalistas francesas, notamos como os poemas visuais contemporâneos permeiam as noções de serialidade e podem ser lidos de maneira a ressaltar a estrutura de composição seriada.
Evaluation of the Right Ventricle Function Conducted in Patients after Acute Myocardial Infarction, Using Threedimensional Echocardiography and Myocardial Strain Analysis. Summary of the Doctoral Thesis
Authors:   ,   Rīga Stradiņš University, Pičkure Žanna
Published: May 2021

It is well known that dysfunction of the right ventricle in ST segment elevation myocardial infarction causes such complications as rhythm disturbances, cardiogenic shock and others. Its presence is an independent prognostic indicator of all-cause mortality, cardiovascular mortality and development of heart failure. However, in clinical practice still too little attention is paid to the evaluation of the right ventricle function, despite the new echocardiographic methods available, which are capable of providing an accurate diagnostics of the right ventricle disfunction. The purpose of this work is to evaluate changes in the systolic function of the right ventricle in patients with proven acute ST elevation myocardial infarction by threedimensional echocardiography and myocardial strain techniques, and to select the most informative echocardiographic parameters for the size and function of the right ventricle for use in everyday practice. Based on the data gained during this study, the algorithm for the evaluation of the right ventricle function in patients with acute ST elevation myocardial infarction will be developed. A healthy individuals control group and a group of patients with ST elevation myocardial infarction were formed within the study. Each participant was examined according to standart echocardiography protocol. In each case new echocardiographic right venricle function evaluation methods also were applied – a three-dimensional echocardiography with following right ventricle reconstruction, volume and ejection fraction determination, as well as myocardial longitudinal strain measurements. Based on these methods, by comparing the data to the control group results, it was possible to etermine the pathology threshold for the right ventricular ejection fraction and longitudinal strain to detect right ventricle disfunction in the case of acute myocardial infarction. Three-dimensional echocardiography and evaluation of myocardial strain are new, relatively simple, sufficiently sensitive and specific methods for the diagnosis of right ventricular dysfunction in patients with ST elevation myocardial infarction. The methods are to be introduced for use in everyday clinical practice along with the standard ehocardiography parameters, which also change in ST elevation myocardial infarction: fractional area change, tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion, and visual evaluation of segmental systolic function of the right ventricle. Among new parameters ejection fraction of the right ventricle and right ventricle free wall longitudinal strain have to be determined. When evaluating the right chamber, it should be remembered that its function deterioration can be observed in case of myocardial infarction of any localization.
Labā kambara funkcijas izvērtēšana pacientiem pēc akūta miokarda infarkta, izmantojot trīsdimensiju ehokardiogrāfiju un miokarda deformācijas analīzi. Promocijas darbs
Authors:   ,   Rīgas Stradiņa universitāte, Pičkure Žanna
Published: May 2021

Ir zināms, ka labā kambara disfunkcija ST segmenta elevācijas miokarda infarkta gadījumā ir dažādu komplikāciju – ritma traucējumu, kardiogēna šoka u. c. – iemesls. Disfunkcija ir visu iemeslu mirstības, kardiovaskulārās mirstības un sirds mazspējas attīstības neatkarīgs prognostisks rādītājs. Tomēr klīniskajā praksē labā kambara funkcijas izvērtēšanai joprojām tiek pievērsts pārāk maz uzmanības, lai gan, izmantojot jaunās ehokardiogrāfijas metodes, jau ir iespējams pietiekoši precīzi diagnosticēt labā kambara funkciju.Šī darba mērķis ir izvērtēt labā kambara sistoliskās funkcijas izmaiņas pacientiem ar pierādītu akūtu ST elevācijas miokarda infarktu, izmantojot trīsdimensiju ehokardiogrāfijas un miokarda deformācijas metodes, kā arī atlasīt visinformatīvākos ehokardiogrāfiskos labā kambara izmēru un funkcijas parametrus lietošanai ikdienas praksē un izveidot labā kambara izvērtēšanas algoritmu pacientiem ar akūtu ST elevācijas miokarda infarktu.Pētījuma ietvaros tika izveidota veselo indivīdu kontroles grupa un pacientu grupa ar ST elevācijas miokarda infarktu. Katram dalībniekam papildus ehokardiogrāfijas izmeklējumam pēc standartprotokola tika pielietotas arī jaunas labā kambara funkcijas izvērtēšanas metodes – trīsdimensiju ehokardiogrāfija ar labā kambara rekonstrukciju, tilpumu un izsviedes frakcijas noteikšanu un miokarda gareniskās deformācijas mērījumi. Balstoties uz šīm metodēm, bija iespējams noteikt labā kambara izsviedes frakcijas un brīvās sienas (visas labā kambara sienas, izņemot kambaru starpsienu) gareniskās deformācijas slieksni labā kambara patoloģijas identificēšanai un salīdzināt to ar kontroles grupas datiem.Trīsdimensiju ehokardiogrāfija un miokarda deformācijas izvērtēšana ir jaunas, relatīvi vienkāršas, pietiekami jutīgas un specifiskas metodes labā kambara disfunkcijas noteikšanai pacientiem ar ST elevācijas miokarda infarktu. Metodes ir ieviešamas ikdienas klīniskajā praksē kopā ar tiem standarta ehokardiogrāfijas rādītājiem, kas arī izmainās ST elevācijas miokarda infarkta gadījumā: frakcionētām laukuma izmaiņām, trikuspidālā vārstuļa fibrozā gredzena plaknes sistolisko ekskursiju un vizuāliem labā kambara segmentārās sistoliskās funkcijas traucējumiem. Jaunie parametri, kas būtu jānosaka, ir labā kambara izsviedes frakcija un labā kambara brīvās sienas kopējā longitudinālā deformācija. Izvērtējot labo kambari, nepieciešams atcerēties, ka tā funkcijas pasliktināšanās var tikt novērota jebkuras lokalizācijas miokarda infarkta gadījumā.
Labā kambara funkcijas izvērtēšana pacientiem pēc akūta miokarda infarkta, izmantojot trīsdimensiju ehokardiogrāfiju un miokarda deformācijas analīzi. Promocijas darba kopsavilkums
Authors:   ,   Rīgas Stradiņa universitāte, Pičkure Žanna
Published: May 2021

Ir zināms, ka labā kambara disfunkcija ST segmenta elevācijas miokarda infarkta gadījumā ir dažādu komplikāciju – ritma traucējumu, kardiogēna šoka u. c. – iemesls. Disfunkcija ir visu iemeslu mirstības, kardiovaskulārās mirstības un sirds mazspējas attīstības neatkarīgs prognostisks rādītājs. Tomēr klīniskajā praksē labā kambara funkcijas izvērtēšanai joprojām tiek pievērsts pārāk maz uzmanības, lai gan, izmantojot jaunās ehokardiogrāfijas metodes, jau ir iespējams pietiekoši precīzi diagnosticēt labā kambara funkciju.Šī darba mērķis ir izvērtēt labā kambara sistoliskās funkcijas izmaiņas pacientiem ar pierādītu akūtu ST elevācijas miokarda infarktu, izmantojot trīsdimensiju ehokardiogrāfijas un miokarda deformācijas metodes, kā arī atlasīt visinformatīvākos ehokardiogrāfiskos labā kambara izmēru un funkcijas parametrus lietošanai ikdienas praksē un izveidot labā kambara izvērtēšanas algoritmu pacientiem ar akūtu ST elevācijas miokarda infarktu.Pētījuma ietvaros tika izveidota veselo indivīdu kontroles grupa un pacientu grupa ar ST elevācijas miokarda infarktu. Katram dalībniekam papildus ehokardiogrāfijas izmeklējumam pēc standartprotokola tika pielietotas arī jaunas labā kambara funkcijas izvērtēšanas metodes – trīsdimensiju ehokardiogrāfija ar labā kambara rekonstrukciju, tilpumu un izsviedes frakcijas noteikšanu un miokarda gareniskās deformācijas mērījumi. Balstoties uz šīm metodēm, bija iespējams noteikt labā kambara izsviedes frakcijas un brīvās sienas (visas labā kambara sienas, izņemot kambaru starpsienu) gareniskās deformācijas slieksni labā kambara patoloģijas identificēšanai un salīdzināt to ar kontroles grupas datiem.Trīsdimensiju ehokardiogrāfija un miokarda deformācijas izvērtēšana ir jaunas, relatīvi vienkāršas, pietiekami jutīgas un specifiskas metodes labā kambara disfunkcijas noteikšanai pacientiem ar ST elevācijas miokarda infarktu. Metodes ir ieviešamas ikdienas klīniskajā praksē kopā ar tiem standarta ehokardiogrāfijas rādītājiem, kas arī izmainās ST elevācijas miokarda infarkta gadījumā: frakcionētām laukuma izmaiņām, trikuspidālā vārstuļa fibrozā gredzena plaknes sistolisko ekskursiju un vizuāliem labā kambara segmentārās sistoliskās funkcijas traucējumiem. Jaunie parametri, kas būtu jānosaka, ir labā kambara izsviedes frakcija un labā kambara brīvās sienas kopējā longitudinālā deformācija. Izvērtējot labo kambari, nepieciešams atcerēties, ka tā funkcijas pasliktināšanās var tikt novērota jebkuras lokalizācijas miokarda infarkta gadījumā.
Current status of atraumatic restorative treatment in restorative dentistry
Authors: Sharma Sumit , Raghu Ramya , Shetty Ashish
Published: May 2021

This review highlights the importance of atraumatic restorative treatment (ART) as a minimal intervention procedure for managing dental caries (pit and fissures caries) and restoring cavitated dentin carious lesions using restorative materials such as glass-ionomer cement. ART technique uses only hand instruments and requires no electricity. Its low cost and simplified protocol makes it more convenient and suitable for use in remote areas as well as underdeveloped nations with insufficient resources to provide the adequate restorative care. This technique can be used in all population groups including children, older people, and disabled. In the present scenario of the COVID-19 pandemic, the dental profession is facing a challenging task in managing restorative needs of the patients all over the world. ART technique is a safe and effective approach to manage the progression of carious lesions. As this technique involves no aerosol generation during the procedure, it should be well adopted in our routine practice by taking necessary precautions. The survival and retention rates of ART also appear to be fairly acceptable based on various studies.
Review of best classification systems for diagnosing and treating thoracolumbar spine trauma
Authors: Barcelos Alecio Cristino Evangelista Santos , Onishi Franz Jooji , Joaquim Andrei Fernandes , Botelho Ricardo Vieira
Published: May 2021

Background:

Improved thoracolumbar spine trauma classification (TLSTC) systems can better help diagnose and treat thoracolumbar spine trauma (TLT). Here, we identified the types of injury (rationale and description), instability criteria, and treatment guidelines of TLSTC.

Methods:

We used the PubMed/MEDLINE database to assess TLSTC according to the following variables: injury morphology, injury mechanism, spinal instability criteria, neurological status, and treatment guidelines.

Results:

Twenty-one studies, 18 case series and three reviews were included in the study. Treatment guidelines were proposed in 16 studies. The following three major parameters were identified in TLSTC studies: injury morphology (19/21 studies), posterior ligamentous complex (PLC) disruption alone as the main spinal instability criterion (15 studies), and neurological damage (12 studies). Most classification systems neglected the severity of vertebral body comminution.

Conclusion:

We identified here the 3 main parameters for the evaluation of diagnosis and treatment of TLT: injury morphology, PLC disruption, and neurological damage. Based on our review, we may conclude that further clinical validation studies of TLSTC are warranted.
Rediscovery of the Sculptured Toadstool, Amanita sculpta (Amanitaceae) in SingaporeFlora of Singapore precursors, 25: Taxonomic notes on new discoveries from Bukit Timah Nature Reserve, including two native genera newly recorded
Authors: Niissalo M.A. , Choo L.M.
Published: May 2021

As part of a project to sample tissue from all native vascular plants in Bukit Timah Nature Reserve, we collected material from four species that have not been previously recorded in Singapore. Of these, Nervilia singaporensis Niissalo has already been described as a new species, native to Singapore. Two species, Lepidogyne longifolia (Blume) Blume (Orchidaceae) and Ptyssiglottis kunthiana (Wall. ex Nees) B.Hansen (Acanthaceae), which are reported here, belong to genera that have not previously been recorded in Singapore. Based on their collection history in the region and their habitat in Bukit Timah Nature Reserve, we consider them native to Singapore. The fourth new record, Plectocomiopsis cf. corneri Furtado (Arecaceae), also reported here, is a new species record for Singapore, but based on the collection history of the species and its only known locality in Singapore, we consider it introduced. The nomenclature and history of these species are discussed and we designate lectotypes for several names that are relevant to these species: Neottia longifolia Blume, Lepidogyne sceptrum Schltr., Polytrema aequale Ridl., Polytrema aequale Ridl. var. minor Ridl. and Polytrema vulgare C.B.Clarke. We also designate a neotype for Lepidogyne minor Schltr.
A revision of Litsea (Lauraceae) in Peninsular Malaysia and Singapore
Authors: de Kok R.P.J.
Published: May 2021

A revision of all species of the genus Litsea Lam. (Lauraceae) occurring in Peninsular Malaysia and Singapore is presented along with a summary of taxonomic history, notable features of morphology, and a key to species. A description, distribution map, and a proposed conservation assessment is presented for each species, together with notes on ecology and ethnobotany. Through this revision, 37 distinct species are recognised. Forty-three names are lectotypified (Cylicodaphne myristicifolia (Wall. ex Nees) Meisn. var. acutata Meisn., Lepidadenia magnifica Miq., Litsea accedens (Blume) Boerl., L. acrantha Ridl., L. amara Blume, L. angulata Blume, L. artocarpifolia Gamble, L. brachystachya (Blume) Boerl., L. brideliifolia Hayata, L. cinerascens Ridl., L. costalis (Nees) Kosterm., L. curtisii Gamble, L. elliptica Blume, L. erectinervia Kosterm., L. fenestrata Gamble, L. ferruginea (Blume) Blume, L. glabrifolia Ridl., L. glutinosa (Lour.) C.B.Rob., L. helferi Hook.f. var. ovata Gamble, L. hirsutissima Gamble var. geniculata Gamble, L. kunstleri Gamble, L. lancifolia (Roxb. ex Nees) Fern.-Vill. var. rufa Ridl., L. machilifolia Gamble var. montana Ridl., L. magnifica (Miq.) Fern.-Vill. var. pahangensis Ridl., L. maingayi Hook.f., L. monopetala (Roxb.) Pers., L. noronhae Blume, L. noronhae Blume var. hexandra Gamble, L. patellaris Gamble, L. penangiana Hook.f., L. petiolata Hook.f., L. quercina Gamble, L. robusta Blume, L. scortechinii Gamble, L. sessiliflora Hook.f., L. spathacea Gamble, L. spathacea Gamble var. tomentosa Gamble, L. sphaerocarpa Blume, L. terminalis Ridl., L. ujongensis Gamble, L. ujongensis Gamble var. nervosa Gamble, Tetranthera angusta Nees and T. cordifolia Meisn.), while three additional names are lectotypified in a second step (L. lancifolia (Roxb. ex Nees) Fern.-Vill., L. monticola Gamble and L. trunciflora Gamble) and eleven names are placed into synonymy for the first time (Cylicodaphne myristicifolia (Wall. ex Nees) Meisn. var. acutata Meisn., L. cinerascens Ridl., L. firma (Blume) Hook.f., L. foxiana Gamble, L. hirsutior Kosterm., L. magnifica (Miq.) Fern.-Vill., L. paludosa Kosterm., L. persella Ridl., L. rufofusca Kosterm., L. spathacea Gamble, and L. umbellata (Lour.) Merr. var. fuscotomentosa (Meisn.) I.M.Turner). Most species have a global conservation assessment of Least Concern, while a few species are either Vulnerable (L. acrantha and L. fenestrata), Endangered (L. claviflora Gamble, L. curtisii and L. penangiana), Critically Endangered (L. ridleyi Gamble) and one species considered to be Data Deficient (L. glabrifolia Ridl.).
Hidden Narratives:
Augmented Reality to enhance
cultural and historical values
in the design of Lake Fuxian
Authors: Li Yanran
Published: May 2021

The impacts of globalisation has lead towards the loss of culture, such as overpopulation, forestation and global intergration. The lost culture has mostly been preserved through written text and oral narratives as a way of illustrating a long-gone reality. Similarly, narratives have the power to connect people with imagination and allow them to experience the uniqueness of a specific site in their own terms. However, oral narrative and written text lacked the interaction between communities, or human to Landscape. New technologies have the potential to reconnect these oral narratives or written text with both the wider public and the site.

This research will explore the historical change of Lake Fuxian, from 500 million years ago to present day, through the illustration and experience of Landscape narratives. This research aims to utilize Augmented Reality as a way to physically connect to the past, while still retaining the existing landscape. Augmented Reality has the ability to combine many types of narratives, such as oral, written and drawn, resulting in an educated relationship to Lake Fuxian. Additionally, modernizing these narratives for a larger demographic such as visitors and locals to engage with the landscape, promoting respect for cultural diversity and adaption.
A Study on the Correlation among FD-FI Cognitive Style, Working Memory Capacity and English Reading Performance among College EFL Learners
Authors: Ge Yuhan
Published: May 2021

In the past few decades, there have been eminent interests in reading performance as essential means for language input. In view of that, extensive studies have been conducted to explore the factors that affect reading performance from various aspects. In the cognitive psychology field, some studies have examined the relationship between field dependent-field independent (FD-FI) cognitive styles and working memory capacity (WMC) on English reading, respectively. However, only limited studies focused on the correlation among FD-FI cognitive styles, WMC and English reading performance. Therefore, this study was conducted to explain these correlations. A total of 42 intermediate “English as Foreign Language” (EFL) learners participated in this study. In order to measure the learners’ FD-FI cognitive style, WMC and English reading performance, the Cognitive Style Figures Test, reading span task and the International English Language Test System (IELTS) reading test were adopted, respectively. Data analyses such as Pearson’s correlation, independent sample t-test and two-way ANOVA were done using Statistical Package for the Social Science (SPSS) version 25. The results suggested a statistically significant correlation between FD-FI cognitive style and WM with English reading performance, respectively. The main effect of WM and FD-FI cognitive style is significant while the interaction between them is not significant in reading performance.