bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dynamics of Urban Transport Arrangement Policies to Support the Achievement of Sustainable Transportation
Authors: Atmojo Muhammad Eko , Darumurti Awang , Hanif Nita Aribah , Agani Muhammad Wahyu
Published: November 2023

This article analyses the dynamics of the transport policy of the government of Yogyakarta, Indonesia, and the administration’s efforts to organise transportation for sustainability. A qualitative method with a case study approach is used in the research. For data analysis, an interactive model and NVivo 12 Plus qualitative data analysis software were used. The results suggested several initiatives that the government of Yogyakarta must undertake to implement sustainable transportation, including transportation policies, infrastructure development and public awareness. The Yogyakarta government does not yet have regulations that form the basis for the implementation of sustainable transportation in the region. Sustainable transport has only recently become a developmental priority in the 2020–2024 regional mid-term development plan, which reflects the Indonesian government’s lagging in promoting sustainable transport on a national and regional scale. For sustainable transport infrastructure, the government of Yogyakarta has operated the rapid bus system Trans Jogja for public transport. However, the implementation of Trans Jogja has been suboptimal because it is considered unable to meet the needs of the community and forces the people of Yogyakarta to use private vehicles for daily mobility. Therefore, The Yogyakarta government is currently working on electric energy-based public transportation (electromobility), which is more environmentally friendly as it does not use fuel oil and has low emissions.
As famílias na comunidade de Santa Rita Rural, município de Montes Claros (Minas Gerais, Brasil)
Authors: Sales Cyntia Mirella Cangussu Fernandes , Rodrigues Roberto do Nascimento
Published: November 2023

A pluralidade familiar estabelecida na Constituição de 1988 (CRFB/88) ampliou o entendimento do conceito jurídico de família. Legitimou vários arranjos como entidade familiar e conferiu direitos a modelos diversos do casamento. Mas a pluralidade de arranjos familiares previstos na CRFB/88, percebidos e reconhecidos nos espaços urbanos, é também realidade no espaço rural? Dessa forma, o presente estudo tem como objetivo identificar os arranjos familiares existentes na Região do Pentáurea, zona rural de Montes Claros e verificar se há conformação com a pluralidade familiar apregoada pela Constituição de 1988. Utilizou-se da aplicação de questionários semiestruturados para entrevistas e técnicas de observação, as quais facultaram a coleta de informações qualitativas relacionadas aos valores e práticas culturais vigente na região escolhida. A coleta de dados foi acompanhada da necessária revisão bibliográfica e utilizou o método científico indutivo. Como resultados da investigação sobre arranjos familiares em Santa Rita Rural, município de Montes Claros, demonstra a predominância do casamento na estruturação das famílias, mas não excluiu a existência de arranjos familiares diversos. Famílias constituídas pelo casamento entendem que possuem direitos, mas o que convivem em união estável não têm a mesma percepção.
Legal and Housing Service Providers’ Perspectives on Clients’ Experiences with Foreclosure
Authors: Collins Cyleste , DeRigne LeaAnne , Anthony Elizabeth , Rothstein David , Shaffer Debbie Taylor
Published: November 2023

Although the foreclosure crisis is considered over, some areas of the U.S. continue to suffer from high foreclosure rates. This research presents findings from in-depth interviews conducted with 18 service providers who worked with families to prevent their foreclosures in Cleveland, Ohio. The research focused on better understanding the landscape of the Cleveland foreclosure experience. Service providers provided insight into families’ experiences with the foreclosure process. The three main themes developed from the interviews included: (1) clients lacked knowledge about the mortgage process; (2) lenders exploited clients’ lack of knowledge, setting them up to fail with predatory mortgages and targeting specific groups; and (3) mortgage servicers were inflexible, inconsistent, incompetent, and lacked regard for clients, except for local servicers. The findings provide implications for housing research, policy, and practice.
Schoolteachers in Out-of-School Hours Education: Blurring Professional Ideology in Recent Times
Authors: Islam M. Monjurul , Hoque Mohammed Shamsul , Othman Wan Mazlini Binti , Thurairaj Saraswathy , Al Murshidi Ghadah , Ravindran Latha
Published: November 2023

Teachers’ professional ideology and their involvement in out-of-school hours (OoSH) practices have been questioned in recent times. This study explores how schoolteachers understand their professional ideology in relation to their OoSH practices and how they explain their participation in private tutoring in addition to formal schooling. This study deploys a qualitative approach using in-depth semi-structured interviews with nine secondary school teachers in Bangladesh. The thematic analysis highlights a substantial gap between Bangladeshi school teachers’ professional ideologies and their involvement in private tutoring. The findings from the study reveal that the respondents perceive their dual roles as schoolteachers and tutors as controversial and detrimental to discharging their professional duties in an ideological way. They recurrently struggle to justify the dual roles that contribute to the dilemma of professional ideologies. As such, private tutoring does not just create a problem in classroom teaching but affects professional ideology and commitment to teaching principles. The study recommends policymakers and professionals look into these issues to gain a deeper insight into the existing private tutoring literature concerning teachers’ professional ideologies.
Mutual Emotional Labor as Method: Building Connections of Care in Qualitative Research
Authors: Fisher Jill A. , Monahan Torin
Published: November 2023

Emotional labor may be vital to the success of qualitative research studies, particularly longitudinal studies that depend on the maintenance of research relationships over time. Rather than being limited to the comportment of researchers toward their participants, however, we find that participants also actively engage in practices of emotional labor to manage researchers and guide research interactions. We document elements of such “mutual emotional labor” in the establishment of rapport, in crafting experiences of personalized therapeutic benefit from participating in interviews, and in efforts to navigate closure at the conclusion of research projects. We argue that by recognizing forms of reciprocal emotion management, researchers may be better equipped to engage in ethical research practices that serve not only knowledge production but also human connection and care.
An updated review on liposomes- a modified dosage form
Authors: Garima Pandey , Aparna Joshi , Kumar Kapil , Rajput Vaishali
Published: November 2023

The first Nano medication to be approved for clinical usage was liposomes. Liposomes are being utilized more frequently for targeted drug delivery because of their incredible capacity to prevent drug deterioration and minimize unwanted side effects. In Liposomes, the drug can either be integrated inside the aqueous space (hydrophilic drugs) or inside the phospholipid's bilayer (hydrophobic drugs). The classification of liposomes, production of liposomes, applications, their advantages and drawbacks are the main topics covered in this review. Today, most researchers are becoming more and more interested in liposomes. As they are effective against a certain condition, and are simple to make, and have several additional benefits than others. This review covered liposomes as a modified dosage form, covering their present status, drawbacks, and applications. Numerous liposome-based formulations with higher drug concentrations have been developed as liposomes are effective as therapeutic agents.
Internal Locus of Control and Resilience During and After Economic Turbulence of Women Entrepreneur
Authors: Rani Nazatul Shima Abdul
Published: November 2023

"The aim of this paper is to identify the inner factors of women entrepreneurs during and after the economic turbulence to ensure their business sustainability. Hence, this paper highlighted the inner strength which are resilience (R), and internal locus of control (ILC) of women entrepreneurs during and after economic turbulence. Three hundred and ninety-eight of the 1,000 randomly distributed surveys to Peninsular Malaysian women business owners were returned. The reliability analysis shows that Cronbach’s Alpha scores for all four inner factors were more than 0.70. Correlation analyses were performed to investigate the relationship of those factors. The findings indicate that there are significant and direct relationships between resilience and internal locus of control during and after economic turbulence."
Processing of different types of metaphors for polysemous words in Russian
Authors:   HSE University, Koncha Kirill , Orlov Alexander ,   HSE University, Lopukhina Anastasiya ,   HSE University, Apresjan Valentina ,   HSE University,   Nazarbayev University
Published: November 2023

Theories of storing the multiple senses of polysemous words in the mental lexicon suggest three key approaches. Some theories assume that only literal senses are stored, while non-literal senses are derived from them via rules; other theories suggest that all senses are stored separately. There is also a hybrid approach which assumes that some non-literal senses can be stored as separate units, while others are derived from literal ones. However, the evidence in favor of hybrid models has been obtained mainly from data comparing either metonymy and metaphor, or else proximal and distal metonymy. In this paper, the predictions of hybrid models are tested on proximal and distal metaphors. With the help of an experiment involving a group of adult native speakers of Russian, we demonstrate a difference in sensicality judgment and processing speed between proximal and distal metaphors, as compared to the literal senses of verbs and adjectives. Adjectival distal metaphors are treated almost in the same way as literal senses. Proximal metaphors are processed more slowly and less accurately. For verbs, both proximal and distal metaphors are processed slower than literal senses and are more likely to be evaluated as nonsensical. Such results suggest that verbal metaphors and adjectival proximal metaphors are derived via a reference to the word’s literal sense during processing. Adjectival distal metaphors, in turn, are processed independently. The difference between adjectives and verbs in the processing of metaphors can be associated with the different nature of the mechanisms involved in the development of polysemy
KONSEP MULTIKULTURALISME WILL KYMLICKA BAGI KEHIDUPAN BANGSA INDOSESIA
Authors: Solilit Fidelis
Published: November 2023

AbstrakKonsep Multikulturalisme Will Kymlicka dan ditinjau dari sudut pandang filsafat politik. Persoalan yang diangkat adalah bagaimana Kymlicka mengupayakan agar ada kesetaraan dalam diri setiap orang baik itu mayoritas maupan minoritas, di mana setiap orang harus mendapat perlakuan yang sama tanpa membeda-bedakan kelompok yang satu dengan kelompok yang lain. Kesetaraan yang dimaksudkan adalah sikap penerimaan baik dalam minoritas dan mayoritas. Minoritas dalam konteks Kanada adalah masyarakat asli di dalam daerah tersebut. Sedangkan mayoritas dalam konteks ini adalah para imigran yang datang kemudian tinggal di daerah tersebut, di mana karena mereka memiliki kekuasaan sehingga menindas minoritas bangsa. Dengan demikian, konsep multikulturalisme pertama-tama membantu kita untuk mengerti betapa berharganya perbedaan dan membantu menyadarkan kita untuk terbuka serta toleran bagi perbedaan itu.Kata Kunci: Multikulturalisme, Minoritas, Mayoritas, Toleransi. AbstractWill Kymlicka's concept of Multiculturalism and viewed from the point of view of political philosophy. The issue raised is how Kymlicka strives for equality in everyone, be it a majority or a minority, where everyone must receive the same treatment without discriminating from one group to another. Equality is meant is an attitude of acceptance in both the minority and the majority. Minorities in the Canadian context are the indigenous peoples within the area. While the majority in this context are immigrants who came later to live in the area, where because they have the power to oppress the nation's minorities. Therefore, the concept of multiculturalism first of all helps us to understand the value of differences and helps make us aware of being open and tolerant of those differences.Kata Kunci: Multiculturalism, Minority, Majority, Tolerance.
MENGINTEGRASIKAN KEARIFAN LOKAL PELA-GANDONG DALAM NILAI-NILAI KOMITMEN KEBANGSAAN
Authors: Rumlus Amandus Natalio Rento
Published: November 2023

Negara Indonesia merupakan negara dengan banyak kebudayaan lokal, salah satu kebudayaan lokal yang ada yakni, budaya pela gandong masyarakat Maluku. Tujuan dari penelitian ini ialah untuk mendalami kearifan lokal pela gandong sebagai kekayaan kultural masyarakat Maluku, dan mengintegrasikannya dengan komitmen kebangsaan. Penelitian ini juga bertujuan untuk memaknai kebudayaaan Maluku pela gandong sebagai pedoman hidup masyarakat Maluku yang bisa dijadikan sebagai suatau patokan atau prinsip dalam kerangka komitmen kebangsaan. Dalam penelitian ini penulis menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif. Adapun temuan yang diperoleh dari penelitian ini adalah bahwa pela gandong merupakan sebuah kekayaan kultural yang diwariskan oleh leluhur masyarakat Maluku yang di dalamnya terkandung nilai persekutuan, kesetiakwanan sosial keseteraan dan damai. Nilai-nilai ini merupakan nilai-nilai penting dalam menjaga keutuhan kebangsaan. Budaya pela gandong dipercayai sebagai sebuah solusi dal menyelesaikan konflik dan masalah yang ada dalam hidup masyarakat Maluku. Budaya pela gandong merupakan prinsip kebudayaan lokal sebagai tanda perdamian dalam kehidupan masyarakat Maluku. Budaya pela gandong membuat masyarakat Maluku hidup dalam persatuan dan persaudaraan, dan menciptakan perdamaian dalam hidup masyarakat. Nilai-nilai dalam budaya pela gandong dapat di integrasikan ke dalam hidup masyarakat negara Indonesia dan menciptakan rasa tanggung jawab dan setia dalam diri mayarakat. [IR1]    [IR1]Terjelamhkan dalam bahasa Inggris
From an ‘Imagined Landscape’ to Iconic Destination: Bollywood Film and Its Impact on Tourism
Authors:   Asst. Professor, iLEAD College, Bandyopadhyay Nirabari
Published: November 2023

Tourism destinations are a product of the ‘brand personality’ of the space and depend on the cultural influence and collective consciousness. The tourists look for the emotional connection with the destination and re-imagine the self as part of larger community. Thus people’s choice of travelling gets influenced by the representation of the landscape on the screen enveloped in symbolic connotation, narrative emotion and cultural nostalgia. Being one of the biggest film industries all over the world Bollywood, has its own impact over the audience of India and also cater to the global market with specific agenda. The constant construction, reconstruction and representation of space in Bollywood films through its production promote ideology of consumption. With its ever growing market Bollywood film makes an impact over Indian Diaspora. The search for root and identity inspire the NRIs to travel back to the ‘Homeland’. Their journey back to new modern India is a voyage from West to East, Modern to Tradition, ‘Others’ to ‘Self’. Each space on screen put forward interpretations, specific to the character, local and identity. Travelling to a geographical landscape gets attached with the process of self discovery. The onscreen emotion engages in a conversation with the off screen domain as tourist destination. The Bollywood stars become the face of tourism industry. This paper critically examines the impact of film on tourism. How the Bollywood promotes tourism, plays a huge role in constructing the collective identity and influence the economic and social development.
La notion juridique d’impôt : entre flottements définitoires et historicité
Authors: WASERMAN Franck
Published: November 2023

Résumé

Les historiens de la fiscalité antique emploient des mots qui, pour les juristes, ont un sens précis. De leur côté, ceux-ci élaborent une histoire de l’impôt qui omet complètement l’Antiquité. Dans le cadre de la réflexion épistémologique menée dans ce dossier, une approche interdisciplinaire peut se révéler féconde afin de questionner quelques certitudes qui paraissent bien assurées. On examinera les problèmes de définition de l’impôt et on regardera comment des spécialistes de l’Antiquité traitent ces épineuses questions.

Title: The Legal Notion of Impôt: Elusive Definitions and the Need for Historicization

Historians of Ancient taxation use words that, for jurists, have a precise meaning. The latter, on the other hand, develop a history of taxation that completely omits Antiquity. Within the context of the epistemological reflection carried out in this dossier, an interdisciplinary approach may prove fruitful in order to question a few certainties that seem to be well established. We will examine the problems of definition of the French word for tax and we will look at how specialists of Antiquity deal with these thorny questions.
Acordos comerciais e seus impactos no comércio dos países sul-americanos
Authors:   , Silva Raphael Gomes da
Published: November 2023

Os acordos comerciais são ferramentas de fomento ao comércio internacional que vêm sendo utilizadas pelos países desde o fim da Segunda Guerra Mundial. A expansão dessas relações ocorreu durante as décadas de 1980 e 1990, em que várias relações bilaterais e multilaterais se mostraram eficazes em integrar e aproximar comercialmente os membros. Na América do Sul, os países seguiram políticas comerciais diferentes, alguns se organizaram em blocos regionais como MERCOSUL ou Comunidade Andina, enquanto outros buscaram abertura comercial através de relações bilaterais como Chile e Colômbia. Este estudo quantificou os efeitos gerados sobre o comércio pelos acordos formados pelos países sul-americanos. Utilizou-se como método uma versão estrutural do modelo gravitacional com efeitos fixos. Para verificar o impacto exercido, foi montado um painel com quarenta anos de comércio, abrangendo o período 1980 – 2020, para uma amostra de 86 países. Os resultados indicaram que Chile, Colômbia e Peru, que possuem política comercial direcionada a formação de mais acordos comerciais, principalmente com países de fora da região, apresentaram melhores resultados nos efeitos gerais e individuais. O Mercosul se mostrou eficiente no fomento ao comércio dos membros, com maiores benefícios para o Paraguai e Uruguai. O bloco segue exercendo impacto no comércio dos membros mesmo após 30 anos de seu início. Em relação à duração dos acordos, aqueles formados com outros países em desenvolvimento mostraram efeitos mais duradouros. Foi testada a possibilidade de criação ou desvio de comércio gerada pelos acordos da região e pode ser constatado que a maioria deles fomentou as relações a partir da criação de comércio. No que tange aos setores produtivos afetados pelos acordos, os que sofreram impacto positivo foram relacionados aos produtos agropecuários e minerais, confirmando a especialização dos países da região em produtos de menor valor agregado. Palavras-chave: Acordos Comerciais. América do Sul. Comércio Internacional.
Recent Case: Sentencing
Authors: Van Der Merwe Annette
Published: November 2023

None
ML Powered Container Management Platform: Revolutionizing Digital Transformation through Containers and Observability
Authors:   Director of Engineering - ML, Infrastructure, SRE and Observability, AWS Community Builder San Jose, California, United States, Chandrasehar Amreth
Published: November 2023

As companies adopt digital transformation, cloud-native applications become a critical part of their architecture and roadmap. Enterprise applications and tools are developed using cloud native architecture are containerized and are deployed on container orchestration platforms. Containers have revolutionized application deployments to help management, scaling and operations of workloads deployed on container platforms. But a lot of issues are faced by operators of the platforms such as complexity in managing large scale environments, security, networking, storage, observability and cost. This paper will discuss on how to build a container management platform using monitoring data to implement AI and ML models to aid organization digital transformation journey
Literature Review: Recent Advances in Computer Vision and Language AI
Authors:   NVIDIA, Rajasekaran Suresh Babu
Published: November 2023

This comprehensive literature review examines the latest breakthroughs in computer vision and natural language processing (NLP), two rapidly evolving fields with applications across search, human-computer interaction, robotics, and more. It synthesizes key findings, trends, limitations, and open challenges from cutting-edge research at their intersection. The dramatic progress driven by deep neural networks is analysed in depth, along with issues like generalization, context handling, reasoning, uncertainty, and human-centric evaluation. Although remarkable advances have been made, especially in computer vision, core problems remain to be addressed. This review provides a thorough overview of the state-of-the-art, reflecting the most recent innovations, and promising future directions in this dynamic research domain.
Pengaruh BOPO, CAR, Pembiayaan Mudharabah dan Pembiayaan Murabahah terhadap Return On Asset (ROA) Bank Umum Syariah Indonesia Periode 2020-2022
Authors: Iswara Gyusti Febrian , Adlan Muhammad Aqim
Published: November 2023

he purpose of this research is to look at the impact of Operating Costs on Operating Income (BOPO), Mudharabah Financing, Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR), and Murabahah Financing on the Return on Assets (ROA) of Islamic commercial banks in Indonesia from 2020 to 2022. The study's sample consists of Islamic commercial banks whose financial reports are included in Islamic banking statistics. Purposeful sampling technique was used to choose the sample. Utilizing Eviews 12 software, multiple linear regression analysis is the data analysis approach employed in this quantitative research method. The findings demonstrate that CAR, Mudharabah Financing, and Murabahah Financing have a substantial impact on the ROA of Islamic commercial banks in Indonesia, however BOPO has no effect on the dependent variable. This study contributes significantly to our understanding of the elements that determine the ROA of Islamic commercial banks in Indonesia. The findings of the study can help bank management make more effective decisions to improve financial performance. Further research could include more variables or prolong the study period to obtain a more complete picture of the factors influencing the ROA of Islamic commercial banks in Indonesia.

Keywords: BOPO, CAR, Mudharabah Financing, Murabahah Financing, and ROA
Impact of seasonality on certain parameters of behavioral testing in rats
Authors: Minigalieva Ilzira A. , Shabardina Lada V. , Ryabova Yuliya V. , Sutunkova Marina P. , Privalova Larisa I. , Solovyeva Svetlana N. , Butakova Inna V. , Klinova Svetlana V. , Romanova Ksenia V.
Published: November 2023

Introduction. Effects of the daytime period (circadian photoperiod) and seasonality on behavioral reactions and physiology of humans and animals remains one of the important issues of modern science. Material and methods. We have summarized our own data on control animals collected in experimental studies conducted in all seasons of the year. The hole-board test and summation threshold index were chosen to assess the behavior of rats. The data analysis was performed in Microsoft Excel 2016 using Student’s t-test, p<0.05. In addition, we estimated a percent deviation of the indicators under study from their annual averages. Results. We established that, as assessed by the number of head dips in the hole-board test, male rats kept at natural lighting demonstrated the most active exploratory behavior in spring and autumn while in summer, on the opposite, their exploration was statistically reduced. Values of the summation threshold index were the highest in winter and summer but lower in spring and especially in autumn. In springtime, the summation threshold index in male rats was statistically different from that observed in autumn and winter. In female rats, the index of the the hole-board test in spring was statistically significantly increased compared to data for all seasons of the year. Limitations of the study. An analysis was carried out of the data obtained at the experimental animal clinic of the Yekaterinburg Medical Research Center for Prophylaxis and Health Protection in Industrial Workers for 7 years (2015–2022). Conclusion. Our findings show that duration of the daytime period and seasonality can affect the results of some behavioral tests measuring lability of the central nervous system and exploratory activity of animals. They can contribute to the methodological basis for planning toxicity testing with account for seasonal fluctuations in physiological parameters of laboratory rodents.
New approaches to the determination of organochlorine pesticides in food products and food raw materials
Authors: Fedorova Nataliya E. , Dobreva Nataliya I. , Bondareva Lidiya G. , Suslova Alyena V.
Published: November 2023

Introduction. The current methods for determining the residual amounts of organochlorine pesticides – 4,4-dichlorodiphenyltrichloromethylmethane (DDT) and its metabolites, hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) (α, β, γ isomers) in food products and food raw materials, subject to mandatory declaration for their content, despite a fairly high sensitivity, are characterized by low measurement selectivity and are based on the use of obsolete equipment, time-consuming sample preparation.
Material and methods. In the work, the method of gas chromatography with mass spectrometric detection on a gas chromatograph “Khromatek-Kristall 5000.2” was used. Sample preparation was carried out by the method of matrix solid-phase dispersion, based on the destruction and dispersion of the analysed sample together with florisil in order to obtain a free-flowing dry mixture.
Results. The effectiveness of the method has been proven by validation on 16 model samples of food products of animal origin of various compositions. The versatility of the analysis procedure is ensured by the systematization of food products according to their structural and mechanical properties into groups: liquid, having a finely dispersed structure and a high water content (group A); viscous and pasty products having a fine structure (group B); products of animal origin requiring grinding and dispersion (semi-solid and solid), having a high water and/or fat content, not free-flowing (Group B); dry products of animal origin (dried or freeze-dried), and/or free-flowing powdered products with a low water content that require wetting, grinding and dispersion (Group D). Ingredient composition (water, fat, protein, hydrocarbons) does not significantly affect the stability and reproducibility of the developed method.
Limitations. The method has been tested and validated on samples of food products of animal origin.
Conclusion. The developed method for the determination of DDT and its metabolites, HCH (isomers α, β, γ), providing a range of measured concentrations (0.01–1.0 mg/kg) will make it possible to control the content of substances in all groups of food products of animal origin identified in the TR CU 021/11 “On food safety”, including products for baby food.
Is Covid Vaccine Hesitancy Unfounded? A Local Comparative Study on Short-Term Side Effects of Different Covid Vaccinations
Authors: Nimrah Komal  , Ali Mujtaba  , Muhammad Wajid Munir  , Aftab Ahmed  , Syed Abdul Ahad  , Hassan Mumtaz  , Syed Abdul Rehman Shah
Published: November 2023

Introduction: Side Effects of Covid Vaccinations have been responsible for Vaccine hesitancy (VH), which is defined as the delay in acceptance or refusal of vaccines despite availability of vaccine services.

Aims & Objectives: To evaluate and compare the severity of common short term side effects of different types and dosages of vaccines in different age groups at a local setting and whether Covid vaccine hesitancy is unfounded.

Place and duration of study: The present study was conducted at Specialist Clinic Haroon Chowk Rawalpindi & Doctors Clinic Karachi, Pakistan between August and September 2021

Material & Methods: This cross-sectional survey-based study was conducted based on a structured close ended questionnaire designed using google forms after the immense literature search on the research question and provided to individuals aged 18 years and above who had either completed or partially completed their vaccination dosage at any center. SPSS version 24 (IBM, Armonk, New York, USA) was used for data analysis, P-value<0.05 was taken as significant.

Results: The survey was conducted on a total of 248 patients Out of 248, 150 (60.48%) were male & 98 (39.52%) were females. Majority 153(61.69%) were of age group 19-30 years, whereas 95 (38.31%) were aged between 31-40 years. 17 participants reported that they were allergic, 7 patients had asthma, 8 respondents mentioned that they were diabetic and hypertensive, the remaining participants did not report any comorbidities at all. Regarding vaccination status, 243 (97.98%) respondents confirmed that they completed the two-dose vaccination process. Short term adverse events were noted, including fever, severe swelling, myalgia, a change in taste, a headache, hypersensitivity, and medication-related symptoms.

Conclusion: Compared to COVID-19 vaccines created using inactivated virus, those based on messenger RNA were found to be significantly safer for patients. Widely ranging short term mild and manageable adverse effects were recorded. Covid vaccine hesitancy appears to be unfounded.
A 5 Year Tertiary Centre Experience of Frequency & Risk Factors Association with Primary and Secondary Lung Cancers
Authors: Talha Mahmud  , Muhammad Saqib  , Yasser Saeed Khan  , Adeel Wyne  , Faisal Rahman  , Muhammad Muntazir Mehdi  , Rabbia Abbas  , Shazia Rafique  , Muhammad Idrees
Published: November 2023

Introduction: Lung cancer is one of the commonest cancers worldwide having either small cell or non-small cell types and smoking is its major risk factor. We intend to study distribution of various lung malignancies and their association with various  risk factors in a Pakistani population  sample.

Aims & Objectives: To evaluate the frequency of types of primary and secondary lung cancers in a sample of the Pakistani population and see their association with age, gender, and smoking.

Place and duration of study: The department of Pulmonology, Shaikh Zayed Hospital, Federal Postgraduate Medical Institute, Lahore, Pakistan, from August 2017 to August 2022 (5 years).

Material & Methods: Analysis of retrospective data of 156 consecutive patients age 40-70 years diagnosed with primary or secondary lung cancers. Data were stored and analyzed using IBM-SPSS version 23.0. Diagnosis was established through fibreoptic (FOB), or rigid bronchoscopies or CT and U/S guided percutaneous lung biopsies, P- value<0.05 was taken as significant

Results: There were 156 samples, among them 37.8% were found with age group 41 – 60 years old, 31.4% with age group 61 – 70 years old, mean age of subjects was 58.3 (SD=±14.9) years. 82.1% were of male gender, 42.9% were non- smokers, 25% were found with less than or equal to 25 smoking pack years, median smoking pack years were 30 with range 5 – 100 smoking pack years. Distribution of primary lung malignancy revealed; 28.8% having Squamous cell carcinoma, 35.3% with Adenocarcinoma, 13.5% with small cell carcinoma, 2.6% with large cell carcinoma and 5.8% with primary lung carcinoid tumors. Secondary deposits of cancer in lungs were found in 22 (14.1%) subjects. Pearson Chi Square test showed significant association of primary type of cancer with age group, gender, and smoking pack years (p <0.01).

Conclusion: Adenocarcinoma was most frequent lung malignancy followed by   Squamous cell   carcinoma   and small cell carcinoma was less frequent. Advancing age, male gender and cigarette smoking are strongly associated with the diagnosis of lung cancer.
Qualities of PBL Leader: The Students’ Perspective
Authors: Tayyaba Azhar  , Junaid Sarfraz  , Maimoona Nasreen
Published: November 2023

Introduction: Problem based learning is an educational strategy in which students work together in a collaborative way to solve a given problem/scenario that they are expected to experience in their real life setting. Students' work in a group of 12-13. The group members' work under the leadership of the group leader.

Aims & Objectives: This study aims to investigate the perceptions of students' regarding the qualities of PBL group

leaders.

Place and duration of study: The study was conducted in the University College of Medicine and Dentistry. Total 30 2nd Year MBBS students were included in the study.

Material & Methods: This was a qualitative descriptive exploratory study. Three focus group discussion sessions were conducted. The sessions were tape- recorded and were then converted into written document. The data was analyzed by using Atlas ti; a qualitative data analysis tool and themes were generated.

Results: Initially the entire document was read and line to line coding was done which resulted in 300 codes, a second cycle of coding resulted in 95 codes, which were reduced to 78 codes after the third cycle. Finally, 17 codes were formed which were pertinent to the research objective and 5 themes with various sub-themes.

Conclusion: PBL promotes collaborative learning under the group leader. This current study provides a guideline to students and medical colleges regarding the qualities of PBL group leaders and will also help in inculcating these qualities.
It’s Time to Make Inclusivity and Positive Rehabilitation The Basic Right of Children With Down Syndrome: A Pakistani Perspective
Authors: Saadia Shahzad
Published: November 2023

Social inclusion and positive rehabilitation of children with Down syndrome (DS) is the need of the hour in our society; which can be achieved by following the right principles and strategies. The current status regarding this issue at the local level has been analyzed and compared with the global status, and gaps have been identified. The author of this paper has put forward the argument that inclusivity of persons with DS ought to be the norm of this society, and early intervention onset and support mechanism of a comprehensive nature can develop these children into self-supporting independent persons. Priorities and a way forward are suggested through a very comprehensive model for the local setup in Pakistan.
Presentation Of Post Cholecystectomy Bile Duct Injuries In A Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Naveed Haral Qaiser , Nasir Ammad Ud Din , Hamid Arslan , Khan Muhammad Shoaib , Ali Rashid Zahid , Mansoor Arwah , Mumtaz Hassan
Published: November 2023

Introduction:The occurrence of iatrogenic bile duct injuries is few, however potentially linked to life-threatening complications, particularly following the advent of laparoscopic cholecystectomy.
Aims &Objectives: To evaluate the presentation of post-cholecystectomy bile duct injuries in a tertiary care hospital.
Place and Duration of Study: This study was done in the Department of General Surgery at Combined Military Hospital Rawalpindi from Nov 2020 to Dec 2021.
Material &Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 15 subjects with post-cholecystectomy bile duct injuries.All the patients who presented to the emergency department and outdoor were included in the study and had post-cholecystectomy CBD injuries. Laparoscopic and open BDI were classified according to Strasberg classification. In descriptive statistics, mean, and standard deviation was used, and in qualitative analysis, frequency and percentages were calculated with the help of the SPSS 23 version, a p-value of? 0.05 was considered significant.
Results: In our study, 5 (33.3 %) males and 10 (66.7 %) were females, with a mean age of 47.27 ± 4.79. The presentation on the admission of patients was as follows, 3 (20.0 %) patients had biloma, 4 (26.7 %) had jaundice, 2 (13.3 %) had abdominal pain, 1 (6.7 %) had external biliary fistula, 3 (20.0 %) had Biliary peritonitis and 2 (13.3 %) had a fever.
Conclusion: The most common consequence of cholecystectomy was complete resolution, but bile leak and major duct damage cause considerable morbidity, death, and healthcare expenditures. Better outcome was achieved when a nonprimary and skilled hepatobiliary surgeon repaired severe bile duct damage.
Analisis Media Belajar Digital di Generasi Alpha Era Society 5.0 Mendukung Kurikulum Merdeka
Authors: Adillah Rani , Arfika Nurul , Purba Fince Putri Yeni , Yus Anita
Published: November 2023

Latar belakang: Penelitian ini sangat penting karena memaparkan upaya dalam mengatasi munculnya era digital, sehingga proses pembelajaran di kelas harus ditingkatkan dan dikembangkan serta diperbaiki agar memenuhi kebutuhan siswa. Metode penelitian: Kajian ini bermaksud memberikan referensi yang informatif pada aspek media belajar digital yyang cocok untuk generasi alpha di era society 5.0 pada kurikulum merdeka. Selain itu, bertujuan merangsang kepuasan belajar siswa generasi alpha dan memastikan kebutuhan mereka tercapai. Kajian ini dibuat menggunakan studi kepustakaan, dengan data yang dikumpulkan dari analisis isi yang di dalamnya terdapat sumber-sumber relevan demi mendukung kajian ini. Hasil penelitian: Hasil penelitian memaparkan banyak sekali dukungan media belajar digital pada generasi alfa yang selaras dengan kebutuhan mereka seperti media animasi, video digital, podcast, augmented reality, virtual reality, permainan pembelajaran, modul elektronik interaktif dan powerpoint. Kesimpulan: Dalam pemilihan materi pembelajaran digital demi mendukung kurikulum merdeka juga diselaraskan pada gaya belajar siswa di kelas agar terciptanya suasana belajar yang mendukung siswa agar menghasilkan lulusan yang berkualitas baik.
A Comparative Analysis of the Top-Down and Bottom-Up Rural Development Strategies Concerning Social and Economic Effects in Cameroon Andkorea 1950-2022
Authors: Ngome Mbwoge Divine
Published: November 2023

The research coverers A comparative analysis of rural development strategies implemented in Korea and Cameroon. The study aims to elaborate on the effectiveness of community development projects in creating comfort zones for rural communities. To achieve the desired results, I carried out comprehensive research on the Korean New Village movement (Saemaul undong) and compared it with the top-bottom approach in Cameroon. Based on the findings from published documents, on Google Scholar, I realized bottom-up approach in community development is more reliable and efficient in sustainable development because the top-down approach usually takes a longer time and leaves the needs of the local people at the mercy of politicians who end up enriching themselves at the detriment of the people. But it is instrumental in dealing with emergency cases. In rare cases, the two systems can be of significance if implemented simultaneously. The study concludes by attributing the neglect of rural development in the Tombel subdivision as the main reason for the ethnic cleansing in 1966.
EFEKTFITAS PENAMBAHAN DISPERSANT, RETARDER DAN FLUID LOSS PADA UJI PROPERTIES SEMENT KELAS G DENGAN DENSITAS 13.5 DAN 15.80
Authors: Effendi Dahrul , Ramadhan Rafly
Published: November 2023

Penyemenan atau cementing merupakan bagian yang tidak dapat dipisahkan dari rangkaian industri hulu migas. Salah satu faktor yang terpenting dalam penyelesaian sumur adalah bagaimana mendapatkan hasil penyemenan yang memuaskan. Metode ini diawali dengan melakukan tahap uji properti terhadap bubur semen pada skala laboratorium  sebelum di aplikasikan di lapangan. Hasil dari uji properti yang dilakukan, didapatkan hasil bahwa metode yang sesuai untuk proses primary cementing adalah hasil slurry yang nilai viskositasnya bagus dan thickening time yang tepat. Kegiatan uji properties dilakukan terhadap 2 sampel densitas yang berbeda yaitu densitas 13,50 ppg dan 15,80 ppg. Dari hasil uji viskositas, fluid loss dan thickening time pada bubur semen (slurry), maka dipilih sampel densitas 15,80 ppg dengan hasil viskositas, fluid loss dan thickening time yang sesuai untuk proses primary cementing. Pada uji properties, penelitian ini menggunakan bahan additif dispersant, retarder, fluid loss control agent, gas block, antifoam, fresh water dan semen portland. Uji properti dilakukan secara 4 tahap dengan berurutan pada setiap sampel, yaitu tahap pertama timbang semen,air dan additif lalu di mixing, uji viskositas dengan kecepatan 300 rpm pada suhu ruangan dan suhu atmosfer, dilanjutkan dengan uji fluid loss pada tekanan 1000 psi pada skala laboratorium dan yang terakhir uji thickening time untuk mendapatkan waktu pengerasan pada suspensi semen dengan temperature 130° F. Dari hasil kegiatan uji properti pada sampel densitas 15,80 ppg didapat viskositas 57 cp di 300 rpm pada suhu ruangan dan 98 cp di 300 rpm pada suhu atmosfer, fluid loss sebesar 20 cc pada tekanan 1000 psi dan thickening time 230 menit pada temperature 130° F.
Penerapan Teknologi Biogas Menggunakan Eceng Gondok (Eichhornia Crassipes) dan Limbah Organik Sebagai Upaya Mengatasi Pencemaran Lingkungan
Authors: Agustine Dine , Amyranti Mutia , Indriani Iin
Published: November 2023

Krisis energi dan pencemaran lingkungan merupakan masalah yang cukup rumit yang perlu dihadapi. Penerapan teknologi biogas menjadi salah satu alternatif penyelesaian permasalahan tersebut. Biogas merupakan sumber energi alternatif terbarukan masa depan yang dapat memanfaatkan limbah organik seperti kotoran sapi dan eceng gondok sebagai bahan baku produksinya. Biogas adalah gas yang dihasilkan dari proses penguraian bahan-bahan organik oleh mikroorganisme pada kondisi langka oksigen (anaerob). Eceng gondok (Eichhornia Crassipes) memiliki kemampuan tumbuh yang sangat cepat dan memiliki kandungan hemiselulosa tinggi yang dapat dimanfaatkan untuk menghasilkan biogas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memproduksi biogas yang terbuat dari limbah eceng gondok dan kotoran sapi. Penambahan limbah kotoran sapi sebagai starter dimanfaatkan untuk meningkatkan produksi gas metana yang dihasilkan. Proses pembuatan biogas dilakukan dengan cara fermentasi selama 35 hari. Fermentasi dilakukan dengan variasi komposisi (kg) eceng gondok dan kotoran sapi yaitu 2:1,5, 2:2, dan 2:2,5. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan variasi komposisi 2:2,5 merupakan hasil yang terbaik dalam memproduksi biogas dengan nilai pH 7,5, suhu 35,66 0C, tekanan 36,66 Psi, kadar gas metana (CH4) yang dihasilkan 1,665 ppm, uji lama nyala api biogas yang dihasilkan 8 detik.
Enhancing Quality of Service (QoS) and minimizing application placement delay in cloud-fog nodes through meta-heuristic algorithms
Authors: Ahmed Y. Nasir , Mohideen S. Pakkir , Pasha Mohammad
Published: November 2023

Efficient module placement in Cloud-Fog computing enhances QoS and minimizes delay. Binary Particle Swarm Optimization (BPSO) and Binary Bat Algorithm (BBA), effective meta-heuristic algorithms, address dynamic fog complexities. This study models placement as binary optimization, incorporating resource availability and latency. BPSO and BBA optimize module placement, demonstrated through simulations improving response time, throughput, and resource utilization. These meta-heuristic methods surpass traditional techniques, optimizing cloud-fog systems, achieving superior QoS, and reduced delay.
Shared immune metabolic reprogramming between COVID-19 patients in the intensive care unit and ischemic stroke: a pilot study
Authors: Li Jie , Li Fushen , He Bin , Yu Cong , Zheng Ping
Published: November 2023

Introduction

To investigate shared gene signatures between COVID-19 and ischemic stroke.

Material and methods

Combining the existing bulk RNA sequencing and single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) data for COVID-19 to obtain a more comprehensive understanding of the role of dysregulated metabolism.

Results

A total of 19 up-regulated differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and 24 down-regulated genes were selected for subsequent analyses. Nine genes were finally identified with the machine learning method as a potential diagnostic model in both ischemic stroke and COVID-19. In addition, the hub genes were related to both immune infiltration and metabolic pathways.

Conclusions

Our study revealed the common molecular profile of COVID-19 and ischemic stroke.
Defecation alleviates hangover by terminating intestinal drinking
Authors: Ryu Tom , Yang Keungmo , Chung Beom Sun
Published: November 2023

Introduction

The concept of “intestinal drinking” in this study refers to the continued absorption of alcohol in the gastrointestinal tract until adequate defecation occurs.

Material and methods

A longitudinal observation of hangover symptoms and alcohol metabolites in healthy humans following binge drinking was conducted.

Results

The hangover symptoms resulting from binge alcohol consumption were relieved by defecation. Following the defecation process, not only the blood ethanol levels, but also the concentrations of blood acetaldehyde, methanol, and iso-propanol, exhibited significant reductions.

Conclusions

This pilot study provides a different perspective for addressing hangovers and potentially mitigating the risks of alcoholic liver diseases.
Differences in Effort, Reward, Grit, Burnout, and Continuous Exercise Intention: Assessing the Effort-Reward Imbalance among Korean Athletes
Authors: Park Inkyoung , So Wi-Young , Lee Eui-Jae
Published: November 2023

Although studies have shown that an imbalance between effort and reward in the workplace negatively affects an individual’s physiological and mental health, few have looked at how this imbalance may affect the mental state of athletes. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the importance of the effort-reward imbalance (ERI) in athletes by examining whether psychological variables would differ depending on the ERI. To accomplish this, 795 registered collegiate athletes were recruited. Of them, 227 and 230 responses with the ERI in the bottom and in the top 30% of the ERI scale were selected to compare groups with a high and a low ERI. Athletes completed a self-reported 64-item questionnaire (general characteristics: 5; effort: 14; rewards: 14; grit: 12; burnout: 15; and continuous exercise intention: 4 items). Data analysis included reliability and validity using the Jamovi and SPSS/AMOS software. The results showed no significant differences in effort, reward, grit, burnout, and intention to continue to exercise based on gender, weekly training frequency, and hours of training per day. There were differences in effort, reward, grit, burnout, and intention to continue exercising based on the presence of a professional league. Additionally, differences were found in effort, reward, grit, burnout, and intention to continue exercising between the low and high ERI groups. There was a clear difference between the mental state of those who were satisfied with their effort and reward, and those who were not. However, given that the two groups spent approximately the same amount of time exercising each week, the difference may have been more a function of the psychology of athletes than an actual difference in effort and reward. As our findings confirmed that the level of the ERI in athletes is related to their mental state, further research is necessary to identify and control factors that affect the ERI in athletes.