bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ANALYSIS OF THE WORKING SPACE OF A TWO-LINK PLANAR MANIPULATOR
Authors: Lyashkov A. A. , Sheveleva T. A.
Published: September 2024

Workspace and singularity analysis of serial manipulators are the focus of intense research in past decades. The computation of the workspace and its boundary is of significant interest because of their impact on manipulator design, placement in a working environment and trajectory planning. The methodology of geometric and computer modeling of the working space of a two-link planar manipulator is provided. Robot workspace is the set of positions which robot can reach. Workspace is one of most useful measures for the evaluation of robot. It’s usually defined as the reachable space of the end effector in Cartesian coordinate system. It is found, that the working space of the manipulator consists of the two one-parameter families of circles. One of these families consists of concentric circles, while the other is eccentric. In both cases the boundaries of the families are two concentric circles, and the radius of one of them is equal to the difference of the lengths of the elements of the manipulator kinematic mechanism, and the radius of the second circle is equal to the sum of these lengths. Then the workspace is a set of points of two disks (two “clouds”). The geometric image of these sets is a two-dimensional torus. The conducted studies of two families of circles on the plane made it possible to put them in correspondence with 3D models of two surfaces. On the graphs of these surfaces one can get not only the coordinates of the manipulator end-effector or the values of the generalized parameters corresponding to them. The resulting surfaces simulate the working space of the manipulator, and also solve the inverse problem of kinematics. Such surfaces make it possible to study both the parameters of the mechanism and the trajectories of the end-effector movement. The results are important for planning motions in the workspace and configuration space, as well as for the design and kinematic analysis of robots.
CHOICE OF CODE FOR DETECTING ERRORS IN BACKUP CHANNELS OF A DUPLICATED COMPUTER
Authors: Pavlov A. A. , Romanenko Yu. A. , Korneev I. I. , Makeev M. I. , Pavlov F. A. , Tsarkov A. N. , Romanenko A. Yu.
Published: September 2024

An analysis of operation and selection of reliability indicators for specialized computers (SEVMs) of aerospace equipment was carried out. The requirements for the methods of redundant computer systems are formulated. A comparative evaluation of the detecting ability and hardware costs in the implementation of the majority method of redundancy, the method of duplication and the use of corrective codes is carried out. The expediency of using the duplication method to increase the probability of failure-free operation and survivability of self-healing digital computers, using algebraic linear codes, to identify a faulty backup channel is substantiated. Unlike the known codes, it is proposed to use an algebraic linear code, in which the values of the check bits correspond to the direct and inverse values of the information bits, which makes it possible to detect errors when reading information from the inverse outputs of the memory, correct single errors, detect double errors and control the logical operation of inverting required to represent a negative number in an additional code, which makes it possible to adapt the code to control the arithmetic and logical operations of the computer processor. The evaluation of the probability of failure-free operation of a duplicated computer, with its general redundancy, with the detection and correction of single errors in the backup memory channels and the detection of errors in the backup channels of the processor ALU based on the proposed code, and the assessment of the probability of failure-free operation of the computer, with its separate redundancy, with error detection in the backup channels of the duplicated memory based on the Hamming code and error correction in the backup channels of the processor ALU based on the majority method. As a result of comparing the probabilities of failure-free operation, it has been established that the total reservation of the computer based on the proposed code, in comparison with the separate reservation of the memory and ALU of the processor of the computer, makes it possible to provide a gain in the probability of failure-free operation of the computer and its functional units throughout the entire period of operation.
DEVELOPMENT OF A MATHEMATICAL MODEL OF A FAULT-TOLERANT INVMIXCOLUMNS CONVERTER IN THE POLYNOMIAL SYSTEM OF RESIDUE CLASSES
Authors: Provornov I. A.
Published: September 2024

The article is devoted to the issue of increasing the fault tolerance of the InvMixColumns converter of the SPN system. The urgency of the problem of increasing the fault tolerance of devices implementing encryption and functioning in the Internet of Things system is proved. The article contains an analysis of known methods of increasing the fault tolerance of technical systems, justification of the effectiveness of the use of modular correction codes for detecting and eliminating errors. The description of a polynomial system of residue classes, optimal for processing information with a dimension of 8 bits, which corresponds to the implementation of the AES cryptographic algorithm, is given. The article describes the principles of the classical implementation of the InvMixColumns transformation as an element of the AES iterative algorithm, defines the parameters that must be taken into account to ensure the integration of the developed alternative methods of InvMixColumns execution into existing SPN systems. The article solves the problem of developing a mathematical model of the InvMixColumns converter, capable of maintaining operability in the conditions of failures and failures, details the use of the mathematical apparatus of the polynomial system of deduction classes for error correction. The implementation of a fault-tolerant InvMixColumns transformation using replacement tables is proposed, the principle of formation of which is described in the article. A concrete example of the application of the developed InvMixColumns converter model is considered, proving the possibility of its use to increase the fault tolerance of SPN systems. In conclusion, the assessment of the results obtained is given, recommendations for their application are given, promising directions for further research are determined.
Human resources and induction in public policy: Advancing critical cosmopolitan aims
Authors: Cueto Desiree W. , Ravenell Amber , Rios Francisco , Sobel Lindsay
Published: September 2024

This paper focuses on the role of public policy in human resources and induction programs to increase the number of Teachers of Color and Indigenous Teachers (TOCIT). To that end, we provide an overview of the public policy landscape, followed by an exemplar that provides a vision of possibilities currently being enacted. We end by advancing specific public policy recommendations and their implications.
What are we inducting teachers of Color into? Disrupting race-evasiveness to create responsive professional development and mentoring policies and practices
Authors: Kohli Rita , Farrington Re’Nyqua , De La Garza Sarah , Flores Belinda , Herrera Socorro
Published: September 2024

Professional development and mentorship are key supports designed to facilitate growth and acclimation to the teaching profession as well as foster the stability and success of new educators. However, both fields of study have been occupied by a normalization of whiteness and white teachers, which often neglects the experiences, perspectives, and needs of teachers of Color. As we attempt to diversify the teaching force, it is important to understand how teacher professional development and mentorship can be responsive to teachers of Color. In this article, we review literature on teacher professional development and teacher mentorship for and by teachers of Color. Through the lens of our analysis, we explore limitations in current policy, and provide case study examples of how to serve teachers of Color. We also offer policy recommendations that can better guide racially literate and culturally sustaining professional development and mentoring practices, so teachers of Color can grow, thrive, and positively impact schools towards the goals for which they are being recruited.
Editorial
Authors: Skřejpková Petra
Published: September 2024

Editorial
Artikel 48 der Weimarer Verfassung: Hugo Preuß und Carl Schmitt im Streit über den „Diktaturartikel“
Authors: Endo Yasuhiro
Published: September 2024

The abuse of Article 48 of the Weimar Constitution during the late presidency of Hindenburg has been criticized in many previous studies as one of the key factors of the collapse of the Weimar Republic that led to the establishment of the Third Reich, resulting from the lack of understanding of the parliamentary democracy. Whereas those criticisms have arisen primarily from the analysis of the consequences, this paper analyzes the issue of the executed presidential emergency powers with an integrative approach by comparing the arguments by Preuß, the drafter of Article 48, and Schmitt, taking into account the perspectives of members of the constitutional assembly as well as their contemporaneous intellectuals. While Preuß and Schmitt may appear generally contrastive in their beliefs and theories, some implicit logical agreements are observed, such as those on their interpretations of the relation between the first and the second sentences in Article 48, paragraph 2, and their thoughts regarding the handling of the law of the Reich that should be in Article 48, paragraph 5. With the findings of their commonalities and others in their theories, this paper attempts to contribute to refining the current systems of law and democracy for emergency situations in various contexts.
The First Women in Justice of the Republic of Latvia (1918–1940)
Authors: Osipova Sanita
Published: September 2024

Until the founding of the Republic of Latvia, women were practically excluded from law studies and work in the justice system. The territory of Latvia was part of the Russian Empire and thus subject to the 1864 judicial reform and its laws, which required a law degree and experience to be eligible for working in the justice system and prohibited women from these positions. Following the founding of the Republic of Latvia in 1918 and, more specifically, the establishment of the University of Latvia which had a stronger focus on gender equality in 1919, Latvian women finally had the opportunity to earn the necessary degrees and pursue careers in the judiciary. However, to gain the required experience and be admitted to practice in the court, Bar association, or notaria, women initially needed someone to employ them. In this regard, specific well-known men with liberal worldviews played a significant role.
Proces postupné inkorporace Listiny práv na státní úrovni ve Spojených státech amerických do konce 60. let 20. století
Authors: Seltenreich Radim
Published: September 2024

In his article, the author deals with the issue of the “nationalization” of civil rights in the USA, by which, in the context of the issue, he means primarily the incorporation of civil liberties contained in the federal Bill of Rights at the level of individual states of he Union. As he explains, this incorporation was rejected until the Civil War based on the U.S. Supreme Court’s decision in Barron v. Baltimore in 1833. Other possibilities for such incorporation opened up after the passage of the 14th Amendment to the Constitution in 1868. However, even here, this solution was first rejected in the so-called “slaughterhouse cases” of 1873, when the “immunities and privileges clause” of the amendment was not used. The gradual incorporation of the Bill of Rights thus occurs only through the “due process clause” of the 14th Amendment, as evidenced in particular by the decisions of the U.S. Supreme Court adopted in the 20th century. This whole process, which very well documents the issue of the federal system in the USA, is primarily completed in the 1960s.
Původ dělení věcí na hmotné a nehmotné
Authors: Grulichová Sylvie
Published: September 2024

The article concerns the origins of the well-known classification of corporeal and incorporeal things in Roman law, which follows from the development visible in the legal sources from Institutes of Gaius to the codification of the emperor Justinian. The wide range of non-legal sources dealing with the classification, mostly the philosophical works, from authors as Cicero, Seneca, Gellius, or Lactantius, is taken also into account. Two types of the classification based on the corporeality of things arise from all the analyzed texts. The first one uses the terms corporeal and incorporeal thing, but the legal sources, except the Institutes of Gaius and apart the non-legal ones, almost avoid it. The second one divides things with corpus and the ones consisting of rights and it is represented in the text of Ulpianus or Hermogenianus as well as in several post-classical legal sources. Nevertheless, the codification of the emperor Justinian adopts the formulation according to Gaius, whose proximity to the philosophy categories can be observed so the classification of the corporeal and incorporeal things.
Případ desátníka Rudolfa Kuffnera
Authors: Míková Martina
Published: September 2024

The article focuses on the functioning of military criminal justice in the period of the end of the First World War and in the first years of the First Czechoslovak Republic. The content of the article is a case study in which a criminal case is analyzed. The aim of this analysis is to outline the functioning of military criminal justice in the period under review, including the relevant legislation. Within the text, attention is also paid to the practical problems that the authorities involved in military criminal proceedings had to deal with.
Založení oltáře sv. Kříže v katedrálním kostele v Litomyšli ve světle notářského instrumentu z roku 1417. Pramenná edice
Authors: Krafl Pavel
Published: September 2024

The aim of the article is to present deeds relating to the foundation of the Altar of the Holy Cross in the cathedral church in Litomyšl. The main source on the topic is an original deed issued by Šimon of Prague, vicar general and officialis of the Bishopric of Litomyšl, dated 27 November 1417, written by the public notary Havel Duchek of Lysá. The document is deposited in the State District Archives in Svitavy, seated in Litomyšl, under inventory number 34. In 1397, Jan, called Mladeč of Branná, bequeathed the sum of one hundred schock of groschen to the cathedral church in Litomyšl for the foundation of a new altar for the salvation of his soul. He was already ill by this time. On 16 June 1402, Bishop of Litomyšl Jan IV. Železný issued a deed which created a new altar benefice in the cathedral church in Litomyšl. Jan Mladeč had already passed away. The executors of his last will were Bishop of Litomyšl Jan IV. Železný and Petr and Přibík, brothers of Hrochův Týnec, otherwise from Chroustovice. This follows from a joint deed issued by all three on 18 April 1405. The conditions to be met by the holder of the altar benefice were laid down therein. He was to perform his duties personally or through another suitable priest, and a statement is made on precisely how many masses were to be celebrated during the week. The study is accompanied by an edition of four deeds relating to the foundation of the altar: a deed of 16 June 1402, a deed of 18 April 1405, a notarial copy of both deeds drawn up on 16 May [1405, 1406 or 1408], and a notarial copy of the latter deed drawn up on 27 November 1417.
GROTIUS, H. Moře jsou svobodná
Authors: Seltenreich Radim
Published: September 2024

Book review on GROTIUS, H. Moře jsou svobodná. Praha: Karolinum, 2023, 108 s.
Can cultural distance be a factor in bilingual processing? Report from primed translation recognition task of Rongmei–Meitei bilinguals
Authors: Kechu Opangienla , Som Bidisha , Benites Luis , Maehara Rocío
Published: September 2024

Bilingual language processing literature has pointed out that all bilinguals are not equal and many of the differences in processing strategies can be traced to ‘the bilingual experience’. This is true for the famed bilingual advantage debate as well, as the control process associated with bilinguals can be dependent on many factors in the behavioural ecology of the bilingual groups. In this light, the current study investigates bilingual language processing in the Rongmei Naga community in Manipur, North East India. The Rongmeis speak two indigenous/heritage languages as their first and second language: Rongmei and Meitei. These two languages belong to the same language family and the communities speaking them live side by side. The paper investigates the effect of community specific cues on language processing through a primed translation recognition task. The task is carried out on two groups of bilinguals: (educated, urbane) young group and (less educated, rural) old group. The result of the study shows that the mismatch condition has an adverse effect on the response latency across groups and translation directions, thus pointing to the possibility that in spite of cultural and linguistic closeness, prevailing social dimensions may be pointers for possible impact of such cues.
Velocity-Based-Training Frequency Impacts Changes in Muscle Morphology, Neuromuscular Performance, and Functional Capability in Persons With Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Calaway Caleb , Walls Kelsey , Levitt Harvey , Caplan Joseph , Mann Bryan , Martinez Kylie , Gastaldo Rachel , Haq Ihtsham , Signorile Joseph F.
Published: September 2024

Calaway, C, Walls, K, Levitt, H, Caplan, J, Mann, B, Martinez, K, Gastaldo, R, Haq, I, and Signorile, JF. Velocity-based-training frequency impacts changes in muscle morphology, neuromuscular performance, and functional capability in persons with Parkinson's disease. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000–000, 2024—Velocity-based training (VBT) positively impacts muscle morphology and performance in persons with Parkinson's disease (PD); however, optimal training frequencies for VBT in patients with PD remain undetermined. Changes in ultrasound-determined muscle thickness (MT) and echo intensity (EI)–derived muscle quality of the rectus femoris (RF) and vastus lateralis (VL), neuromuscular performance, and functional capacity were examined following 2 VBT frequencies (2–3 d·wk−1) using 30% velocity loss thresholds for 12 weeks. Neuromuscular performance was assessed using computerized pneumatic resistance machines. For each variable, 2 (time) × 2 (group) repeated-measures analyses of variance (ANOVA) were used to determine significant main effects and interactions. Significant time effects were seen for MT and EI of all muscles (p < 0.05). Muscle thickness improvements included right VL (RVL) (0.171 ± 0.065 cm; p = 0.019), left VL (LVL) (0.214 ± 0.101 cm; p = 0.049), right RF (RRF) (0.194 ± 0.077 cm; p = 0.023), and left RF (LRF) (0.318 ± 0.109 cm; p = 0.010). For EI, improvements occurred in RVL (−18.688 ± 3.600; p = <0.001), LVL (−10.959 ± 4.894; p = 0.040), RRF (−9.516 ± 3.537; p = 0.016), and LRF (−9.018 ± 3.444; p = 0.019). Time effects were seen for leg-press 1-repetition maximum and peak power (p < 0.01) and habitual walking speed (p = 0.022), with a group by time interaction for maximal gait speed favoring the 3 d·wk−1 condition (∆0.15 m·s−1, p = 0.002). The results indicate that VBT at 2 or 3 d·wk−1 can significantly improve muscle morphology, neuromuscular performance, and functional capability in patients with PD; however, improvements in maximal gait speed require 3 d·wk−1. These findings provide flexibility when developing exercise prescriptions for patients with PD.
Rozmowy rządowe w sprawie przekazania oryginału tomosu o autokefalii cerkiewnej w Polsce przy patriarsze ekumenicznym Konstantynie VI
Authors:   Wydział Teologiczny, Chrześcijańska Akademia Teologiczna w Warszawie, Warszawa, Polska, Borkowski Andrzej
Published: September 2024

Upon the issuance of the patriarchal and synodal Tomos on autocephaly on November 13, 1924, the Polish government began talks regarding the ceremonial transmission of the above act by the patriarchate's delegation. At the request of the synod of Orthodox bishops in Warsaw, the Polish government undertook to obtain the acceptance of the remaining autocephalous Orthodox Churches to declare Polish autocephaly. Arrangements related to the arrival of the patriarchate's delegation to Poland in order to deliver the original Tomos on autocephaly were initiated by the Ecumenical Patriarch Constantine VI. Due to the planned arrival of a delegation to Poland for the ceremony announcing autocephaly, the Polish government commissioned the publication of a scientific study on the Orthodox Church in Poland. For the first time, the article published the only preserved original of the Tomos on Polish autocephaly, kept in the archives of the Ecumenical Patriarchate at the Fanar in Constantinople.
Jasne i ciemne karty w dziejach Cerkwi prawosławnej w II Rzeczypospolitej
Authors:   Katedra Teologii Prawosławnej, Uniwersytet w Białymstoku, Białystok, Polska, Mironowicz Antoni
Published: September 2024

The article presents light and dark pages in the history of the Orthodox Church in the Second Polish Republic. The positive pages in the history of the Orthodox Church in the Second Polish Republic include the normalization of the legal status of the Orthodox Church in the Polish state. Autocephaly accelerated the process of fully shaping the church organizational structure at the diocesan, deanery and parish levels. The Orthodox Church in the Second Polish Republic could boast of a high level of development of monasticism and church education. After the announcement of the establishment of an independent church structure, the activities of the Orthodox military chaplaincy in the Second Polish Republic began to develop. We must also remember about the negative phenomena in the history of the Orthodox Church in the Second Polish Republic, such as: revindication processes, illegal seizure and demolition of Orthodox religious buildings, neo-union, proselytism by the Roman Catholic Church and the treatment of Orthodox Christians by state authorities as second-class citizens.
Święci Cyryl i Metody prekursorami Unii Europejskiej (?)
Authors:   Uniwersytet Warmińsko-Mazurski w Olsztynie, Olsztyn, Polska, Czaplicka Ewa
Published: September 2024

For centuries, the brothers Cyril and Methodius, who are the patron saints of Europe, have reminded not only Christians but all the inhabitants of this continent of the continent's continuing need to build European unity. By going back to Europe's roots, we can gain a better understanding of its past and of its identity, so that we can be fully committed to the realisation of human rights, step up our efforts in solidarity with the peoples of other continents and, in so doing, work towards peace and development on a global scale. It can therefore be thought that both Saints made a fundamental contribution to the creation of Europe and its formation not only in religious terms, but moreover as a state and cultural organism. The founders of the European Union propounded views that were innovative and ahead of their time. At the same time, they did not forget that at the heart of the European integration tendencies of the peoples inhabiting this part of the world lay both a common history, tradition, culture and identity, but above all Christian values. Although they represented different backgrounds, they were guided by the fundamental objective of uniting Europe, thus striving to ensure lasting peace and economic, political and social stability. Bearing in mind the fundamental goals and values which guided the founding fathers of the European Union and which continue to guide the organisation, it should be emphasised that they coincide with those expressed by the Solemn Brothers. Hence, the author of this article attempts to answer the question whether Sts Cyril and Methodius can be forerunners of the European Union. An approximation of the brothers' mission in the Slavic territories, as well as a brief overview of the history of this European organisation, allows the conclusion to be drawn that both are the first founding fathers of the union as nations inhabiting the Old Continent. They brought the foundations of the Slav faith and culture, their indissoluble unity. But it should be remembered that they were, and still are, heralds of the Gospel, witnesses of the Good News proclaiming the God who constantly loves every human being. It is not insignificant that in the iconography the saints are depicted in pontifical dress as Greek or Latin bishops, which also shows the integrity of Europe, as both Eastern and Western parts of this continent.
Reforma kalendarza w Cerkwi prawosławnej w Polsce w latach 1923-1925
Authors:   Wydział Teologiczny, Chrześcijańska Akademia Teologiczna w Warszawie, Warszawa, Polska, Borkowski Andrzej
Published: September 2024

The decision to reform the calendar in the Orthodox Church was made by Ecumenical Patriarch Gregory VII. The new style was to be introduced on March 10, 1924. The patriarch's resolution was met with mixed feelings, opening a period of stormy synodal discussions in local Orthodox Churches. In Poland, the calendar issue turned into a political problem due to the intervention of government authorities in the internal life of the Church. The Orthodox population treated the above decision as a violation of religious freedoms. The lack of reception of the synodal act of April 12, 1924 regarding the adoption of a new style by Orthodox believers in Poland forced the Holy Synod to change its position on this matter. At the meeting of August 16, 1924, the Orthodox episcopate decided to repeal the previous resolution on the mandatory use of the new style wherever the faithful required it. The issue of the reform of the Church calendar has proven that when making such decisions, the Polish government and the Church hierarchy must take into account the position of the faithful. As a result, the Orthodox Church remained in the old style throughout the country, with the exception of the capital city of Warsaw.
Recepcja czytań ewangelicznych w hymnografii Wielkiego Poniedziałku w rycie jerozolimskim
Authors:   Chrześcijańska Akademia Teologiczna w Warszawie, Warszawa, Sterlingow Piotr
Published: September 2024

This article focuses on the reception of the Gospel readings of Holy Monday in the liturgical hymnography of that day. In the paper, the liturgical readings and hymnography of the Jerusalem rite, which is one of the oldest rites of the Eastern liturgical tradition, were analyzed. The author used sources such as the Jerusalem Lectionary, the Iadgari and the Typikon of the Anastasis. The research aimed to determine how often the authors of the Holy Monday liturgical hymns were inspired by passages from the Gospel, and what was the reception of this book in their works. After the analysis, it was determined that the primary source used by the hymnographers was the Gospel, especially the liturgical readings of Holy Monday.
IgG4 glycosylation contributes to the pathogenesis of IgG4 Hashimoto's thyroiditis via the complement pathway
Authors: Zhao Chenxu , Sun Zhiming , Wang Shuaihang , Zhang Jixin , Liu Jumei , Chen Lei , Lu Guizhi , Yu Yang , Gao Ying
Published: September 2024

Background: To explore whether IgG4 is involved in the pathogenesis of IgG4 HT.

Methods: Serum TgAb IgG4 and TPOAb IgG4 were measured in IgG4 HT and non-IgG4 HT. C1q, mannose-binding lectin (MBL), Bb, C3d, C4d and membrane attack complex (MAC) in thyroid tissues from IgG4 HT, non-IgG4 HT and controls were examined by immunohistochemistry. We assessed IgG4 and MAC deposition in mouse thyroid by immunohistochemistry after injecting purified IgG4 into mice. The glycosylation patterns of TgAb IgG4 from IgG4 HT were identified by MALDI-TOF-MS. The ability of IgG4 binding to MBL before and after deglycosylation was assessed by ELISA. MBL and MAC fluorescence were detected in thyrocytes after the addition of IgG4 or deglycosylated IgG4.

Results: Serum TgAb IgG4 and TPOAb IgG4 levels were higher in IgG4 HT. MBL, Bb, C3d, C4d and MAC levels were higher in thyroid tissues of IgG4 HT than in non-IgG4 HT (all P < 0.001). IgG4 colocalized with MBL by immunofluorescence. In mice, follicular cell structure disruption was observed after the injection of IgG4 from IgG4 HT, as well as the colocalization of IgG4 with MAC. High levels of TgAb IgG4 glycosylation patterns, including monogalactose glycan (G1F), galactose-deficient glycan (G0F), and high-mannose glycan (M5), were detected in IgG4 HT. After deglycosylation, IgG4 reduced its ability binding to MBL, and there was low MBL and MAC activation in thyrocytes.

Conclusion: High levels of IgG4 glycosylation patterns, including G1F, G0F and M5, may activate the complement lectin pathway, thereby participating in the pathogenesis of IgG4 HT.
Novas prácticas lingüísticas dos falantes urbanos mozos de Londres e Madrid. Un estudo contrastivo baseado en corpus
Authors: Palacios Martínez Ignacio , Núñez Pertejo Paloma
Published: September 2024

Londres e Madrid convertéronse a finais do século xx en centros urbanos cunha proporción moi elevada de poboación nova e inmigrante. Isto tivo un grande impacto na súa paisaxe lingüística coa creación dun multietnolecto. Como resultado, xurdiu en Londres unha nova variedade que se coñece como “Inglés Multicultural de Londres”. No caso de Madrid, o conglomerado de falantes procedentes de diversas minorías lingüísticas non é tan visible como en Londres, aínda que tamén ten a súa incidencia na variedade do español empregado. Tomando o anterior como punto de partida, neste traballo prestarase atención aos efectos do contacto de linguas, así como a casos de cambio e innovación lingüística. Analizamos mostras tomadas de diversos corpus, tales como COLT (The Bergen Corpus of London Teenage Language) e LEC (London English Corpus) para o inglés, e COLAm (Corpus Oral de Lenguaje Adolescente de Madrid), para o español. Os resultados indican que no caso do Inglés Multicultural de Londres existen moitos termos procedentes do inglés caribeño, así como do árabe, da xerga coloquial americana e tamén do español, o italiano e o francés. No caso do Español de Madrid obsérvanse vocábulos doutras variedades do español, así como do inglés, e de falantes pertencentes a sectores marxinados da sociedade. Ademais disto, atopamos exemplos de innovación nos denominados verbos citativos, así como nos intensificadores, retrousos invariantes, vocativos, formacións mutiladas, etc. Este traballo confirma que o contacto lingüístico e unha poboación nova e etnicamente diversa constitúen a perfecta combinación para a innovación e o cambio lingüístico.
ON THE UNCERTAINTY OF THE CALCULATED INTENSITIES OF THE WATER VAPOR LINES IN THE SUB-THZ FREQUENCY RANGE
Authors: ОВСЯННИКОВ Р.И. , ТРЕТЬЯКОВ М.Ю. , КОШЕЛЕВ М.А. , ГАЛАНИНА Т.А.
Published: September 2024

Проведен сравнительный анализ доступных из открытых источников данных об интенсивностях спектральных линий основного изотополога молекулы воды, попадающих в частотный диапазон от 0 до 1,75 ТГц и представляющих значимость для моделей распространения излучения. Во внимание принимались расчеты методом эффективных гамильтонианов, вариационным методом и экспериментальные данные. Установлено, что для линий в основном колебательном состоянии с интенсивностью более 10-27 см/молек. неопределенность интенсивности составляет менее 2%, а для более слабых - 5-10%. Для сильных (более 10-26 см/молек.) линий в состоянии ν2 неопределенность составляет от 2 до 5% и увеличивается до 5-10% для слабых линий. Для всех линий в состояниях 2ν2, ν1 и ν3 неопределенность составляет не более 5-10%. Представленные данные показывают, что большинству рассмотренных линий может быть присвоена более высокая (на 1-2 ступени по принятой в HITRAN классификации) категория точности по интенсивности.

The comparative analysis of data available from open sources on the water spectral lines intensities in the frequency range from 0 to 1.75 THz has been carried out. The calculations by the method of effective Hamiltonians and the variational method, as well as experimental data were taken into account. It has been established that the intensity uncertainty is less than 2% for lines in the ground vibrational state with an intensity of more than 10-27 cm/mol. and is about 5-10% for weaker lines. For strong (more than 10-26 cm/mol.) lines in the ν2 state, the uncertainty ranges from 2 to 5% and increases to 5-10% for weak lines. For all lines in the 2ν2, ν1, and ν3 states, the uncertainty is no more than 5-10%. The presented data show that most of the considered lines can be assigned a higher (by 1-2 steps according to the classification adopted in HITRAN) category of intensity accuracy.
KINETIC ENERGY OPERATOR FOR LINEAR A2B2 TYPE MOLECULES IN POLYSPHERICAL NON-ORTHOGONAL INTERNAL COORDINATES
Authors: ПРОТАСЕВИЧ А.Е. , НИКИТИН А.В.
Published: September 2024

Получена форма колебательно-вращательного оператора кинетической энергии для линейных симметричных молекул типа A2B2 в полисферических неортогональных внутренних (дли́ны связей и углы между связями) координатах. Неортогональные координаты имеют преимущества при вычислении волновых функций тяжелых линейных молекул, например C2F2, C2Cl2, а также упрощают вычисление интенсивности линий колебательно-вращательных спектров молекул указанного типа. Данное исследование является продолжением нашей предыдущей работы [1], в которой была получена форма оператора кинетической энергии в ортогональных координатах. Для проверки выведенных уравнений выполнен расчет нижних колебательно-вращательных уровней энергии молекулы ацетилена.

The form of the vibrational-rotational operator of kinetic energy for linear symmetric molecules of the A2B2 type in polyspherical non-orthogonal internal (bond lengths and angles between bonds) coordinates is obtained. Non-orthogonal coordinates have advantages in calculating the wave functions of heavy linear molecules, for example, C2F2, C2Cl2, and also simplify the calculation of the intensity of the lines of the vibrational-rotational spectra of molecules of this type. This work is a continuation of the previous work [1], in which the form of the kinetic energy operator in orthogonal coordinates was obtained. To verify the obtained expressions, the lower vibrational-rotational energy levels of the acetylene molecule were calculated.
INVESTIGATION OF CONVECTIVE TURBULENCE CHARACTERISTICS OVER A HEATED SURFACE BY HIGH-SPEED THERMOGRAPHY
Authors: АГАФОНЦЕВ М.В. , ГЕРАСИМОВА Л.О. , РЕЙНО В.В. , ШЕСТЕРНИН А.Н.
Published: September 2024

Представлены результаты лабораторных экспериментов по определению характеристик конвективного потока, возникающего над нагретой металлической поверхностью, для различных высот и температур методом скоростной термографии. Характеристики определялись с помощью скоростной ИК-камеры путем съемки температурного поля малоинерционных бумажных мишеней, подвешенных над нагретой поверхностью, одновременно по всей вертикальной плоскости поля зрения ИК-камеры. По флуктуациям температурного поля поверхности мишеней были найдены коэффициент теплоотдачи, уровень интенсивности конвективного потока, полный поток и количество выделяемого тепла за время измерений на разных высотах над поверхностью. Построены энергетические спектры конвективной турбулентности в различных условиях. Анализ спектров турбулентности показал наличие инерционного интервала с наклоном, близким к степенному закону 8/3, для всех рассмотренных высот над нагретой поверхностью, температур и условий турбулентности. Характеристиками конвективной турбулентности, полученными в работе, можно воспользоваться при тестировании различных оптических адаптивных систем управления лазерными пучками, при изучении распространения вихревых лазерных пучков и очагов горения, которые также характеризуются конвективной турбулентностью с дальнейшим переходом в атмосферную турбулентность, наведенную энергией горения.

The results are presented of laboratory experiments to determine the characteristics of convective turbulence over a heated metal surface for various heights and temperatures by high-speed thermography. The study of convective turbulence characteristics was carried out using a high-speed infrared camera by shooting the temperature field of low-inertia paper targets suspended above the heated surface simultaneously over the entire vertical plane of the IR camera field of view. Based on fluctuations in the temperature field of the target surface, the heat transfer coefficient, the intensity level of the convective flow, the total flow, and the amount of heat generated during measurements at different heights above the surface are determined. The energy spectra of convective turbulence are plotted under various turbulent conditions. An analysis of the turbulence spectra showed the presence of an inertial interval with a slope close to the 8/3 power law for all considered heights above the heated surface, temperatures, and turbulence conditions. Characteristics of convective turbulence obtained can be used when testing various optical adaptive laser beam control systems, studying the propagation of vortex laser beams and combustion centers, which are also characterized by convective turbulence with a further transition to atmospheric turbulence induced by combustion energy.
VARIATIONS IN THE OXYGEN AND HYDROGEN ISOTOPE COMPOSITION OF PRECIPITATION IN TOMSK (2016-2020)
Authors: СИМОНОВА Г.В. , КАЛАШНИКОВА Д.А. , МАРКЕЛОВА А.Н. , БОНДАРЕНКО А.С. , ДАВЫДКИНА А.Е.
Published: September 2024

Исследованы вариации изотопного состава кислорода (δ18О) и водорода (δD) в атмосферных осадках, выпавших в г. Томске с 2016 по 2020 г. Установлено, что значения δ18О менялись в диапазоне от -39,6 до +2,1‰ и в среднем за весь период составили -18 ± 6,8‰; δD изменялись в диапазоне от -299 до -4,9‰ и в среднем составили -118,7 ± 54,7‰. Построена локальная линия метеорных вод с 2016 по 2020 г., описываемая уравнением δD = 7,43δ18O + 11,2, что указывает на преобладание испарительного фракционирования. Впервые установлена температурная зависимость изотопного состава атмосферных осадков в г. Томске: +0,47‰/°С для δ18О и +3,62‰/°С для δD. На основе анализа обратных траекторий движения воздушных масс выявлены преобладающие регионы-источники, приносящие в г. Томск атмосферные осадки с разным изотопным составом.

Changes in the oxygen (δ18O) and hydrogen (δD) isotope compositions of precipitation in Tomsk in the period from 2016 to 2020 are studied. It is found that the δ18O value varies in the range from -39.6 to +2.1‰, the average value over the entire period is -18 ± 6.8‰; the δD value varies in the range from -299 to -4.9‰, the average value is -118.7 ± 54.7‰. A Local Meteoric Water Line is calculated for the period from 2016 to 2020: δD = 7.43δ18O + 11.2; this equation indicates the predominance of evaporative fractionation. The dependence of the isotope composition of precipitation on temperature in Tomsk is derived: +0.47‰/°C for the δ18O value and +3.62‰/°C for the δD value. The main regions that provide atmospheric precipitation with different isotope compositions to Tomsk are identified based on the analysis of the airmass backward trajectories.
EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION AND MODELING OF THE SINGLET-TRIPLET ROVIBRONIC BANDS OF OZONE IN THE REGION OF 11900-12800 CM-1
Authors: ВАСИЛЬЧЕНКО С.С. , СОЛОДОВ А.А. , ЕГОРОВ О.В. , ТЮТЕРЕВ В.Г.
Published: September 2024

Для исследования поглощения озона в ближнем инфракрасном диапазоне разработан компактный абсорбционный спектрометр с непрерывным узкополосным диодным лазером, обеспечивающим чувствительность по коэффициенту поглощения порядка 1 × 10-6 см-1. Описана конструкция спектрометра, методика измерений, схема генерации и контроля концентрации озона. Зарегистрирован спектр поглощения молекулы озона для системы полос Вульфа (11900-12800 см-1), соответствующих ровибронным переходам с основного на возбужденные триплетные электронные состояния выше основного порога диссоциации молекулы. Проведено моделирование коэффициента поглощения и сделана оценка предиссоциационного уширения спектральных линий в исследуемом диапазоне спектра. Предложены рекомендованные сечения поглощения озона для атмосферных приложений в рассматриваемом диапазоне, полученные с помощью статистически взвешенного усреднения новых измерений и опубликованных в литературе экспериментальных лабораторных данных.

A compact absorption spectrometer with a narrowband continuous tunable diode laser providing sensitivity in terms of the absorption coefficient on the order of 1 × 10-6 cm-1 is developed. The design of the spectrometer, the measurement technique, the scheme of ozone generation and maintenance are described. The spectrometer is used to record the absorption spectrum of the ozone molecule for a system of Wulf bands in the near infrared range 11900-12800 cm-1 corresponding to the rovibronic transitions from the ground to the excited triplet electronic states above the main dissociation threshold of the molecule. The magnitude of the predissociation broadening is estimated from the simulation of the absorption coefficient in the measured spectral range. Ozone absorption cross sections in the considered range are recommended for atmospheric applications; they have been obtained using statistically weighted averaging of the new measurements and experimental laboratory data published in the literature.
CALCULATION OF THE ABSORPTION COEFFICIENT OF THE AR-BROADENED CO2 IN THE 4.3 MM BAND WING ON THE BASIS OF THE ASYMPTOTIC LINE WING THEORY
Authors: РОДИМОВА О.Б.
Published: September 2024

Поглощение углекислым газом при уширении аргоном рассматривается на основе асимптотической теории крыльев линий (АТКЛ). Найдены параметры контура линии, связанные с классическим потенциалом, который, согласно АТКЛ, определяет движение центров масс молекул, и квантовым потенциалом межмолекулярного взаимодействия. Температурная зависимость поглощения СО2-Ar за кантом полосы 4,3 мкм объяснена изменением классического потенциала, описывающего поведение второго вириального коэффициента в рассматриваемой области температур.

Carbon dioxide absorption broadened by argon is studied on the basis of the asymptotic line wing theory. The line shape parameters concerned with the classical potential governing the center-of-mass motion and the quantum intermolecular interaction potential are found. The temperature dependence of the CO2-Ar absorption beyond the 4.3 mm band edge is explained through changes in the classical potential describing the temperature behavior of the second virial coefficient in the temperature region under study.
CHARACTERIZATION OF DIFFERENT WATER TYPES IN THE KERCH STRAIT BASED ON SHIPBORNE REMOTE OPTICAL MEASUREMENTS
Authors: РОСТОВЦЕВА В.В. , ИЖИЦКИЙ А.С. , КОНОВАЛОВ Б.В.
Published: September 2024

Приведены результаты исследования состояния акватории Керченского пролива по данным портативного трехканального гиперспектрометра ЭММА, работающего с борта движущегося судна в течение светового дня с разрешением по направлению движения в несколько метров. По измеренным спектрам коэффициента спектральной яркости моря рассчитаны спектры показателя поглощения света водой в акватории Керченского пролива. Верификация этих данных проведена по результатам измерений глубины видимости диска Секки на станциях. Рассчитанные далее по спектрам суммарного поглощения света водой концентрации трех основных природных компонентов, средние по глубине проникновения света в толщу воды, были сопоставлены с измерениями в пробах, отобранных с поверхности воды по маршруту. Расхождение в этих оценках в некоторых районах говорит о неравномерном по глубине распределении компонентов, что было подтверждено при вертикальном зондировании на станциях; при калибровке результатов дистанционного зондирования данные из этих районов не использовались. Полученные по измерениям трехканальным гиперспектрометром данные дали осредненное по глубине распределение природных компонентов в акватории Керченского пролива, а также позволили получить некоторые характеристики антропогенного воздействия, зафиксированного со спутников.

Study of the state of the Kerch Strait water area was carried out using data from a portable three-channel hyperspectrometer EMMA (Ecological Monitoring of Marine Areas), operating from board a moving vessel during daylight hours with a resolution of several meters along the route. Based on the measured spectra of the sea spectral radiance coefficient, the spectra of the light absorption index by water in the Kerch Strait were calculated. Verification of these data was carried out at the stations by measurements of Secchi disk visibility depth. The concentrations of the three main natural components averaged over the depth of light penetration into the water column were calculated from the spectra of total light absorption by water. They were compared with measurements in surface water samples taken along the route. The discrepancy in these estimates in some areas indicates a nonuniform depth distribution of the components, which was confirmed by vertical sounding at the stations; these areas are not used for calibration of remote sensing results. The EMMA data showed the distribution of the natural components in the water area of the Kerch Strait averaged over the depth of light penetration. It also made it possible to estimate some characteristics of the anthropogenic impact recorded by satellites.
PROPERTIES OF LIGHT BACKSCATTERING ON HOLLOW HEXAGONAL ICE COLUMNS FOR OPTICAL MODELS OF CIRRUS CLOUDS
Authors: КОНОШОНКИН А.В. , КУСТОВА Н.В. , ШИШКО В.А. , ТИМОФЕЕВ Д.Н. , ТКАЧЕВ И.В. , БАКУТЕ Е. , БАБИНОВИЧ А.Е. , ZHU X. , WANG Z.
Published: September 2024

Перистые облака влияют на радиационный баланс нашей планеты и играют важную роль в формировании климата. Изучение их оптических свойств требует решения задачи рассеяния света на ледяных несферических частицах. В рамках метода физической оптики проведено численное моделирование характеристик обратного рассеяния света для полых гексагональных столбиков размером от 10 до 316 мкм для длин волн 0,355, 0,532 и 1,064 мкм. Показано, что при увеличении полости гексагональных столбиков сначала быстро исчезает пик обратного рассеяния, вызванный уголковым отражением, затем появляется несколько вторичных максимумов величиной до 10% от величины основного пика. При этом их положение практически не зависит от размера частицы и длины волны излучения, но существенно зависит от формы частицы. Полученные результаты представляют интерес для построения оптической модели перистых облаков в задачах лазерного зондирования атмосферы.

Cirrus clouds have a significant impact on the radiation balance of our planet and play a crucial role in climate formation. To study their optical properties, it is necessary to address the issue of light scattering by nonspherical ice particles. This article focuses on the numerical simulation of the characteristics of light backscattering for hollow hexagonal columns using the physical optics method. The study examines particles ranging in size from 10 to 316 mm, with wavelengths of 0.355, 0.532, and 1.064 mm. The findings reveal that as the cavity of hexagonal columns increases, the backscattering peak caused by corner reflection rapidly decreases, then several secondary maxima appear, which account for up to 10% of the main peak. At the same time, the position of these secondary maxima remains unaffected by particle size and incident wavelength but is significantly influenced by the particle's shape. These results are valuable for developing an optical model of cirrus clouds and for laser sounding of the atmosphere.