bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Searching Sequence for College Libraries
Authors: Futas Elizabeth
Published: February 2008

It is important to determine the sequence of bibliographies to be searched for maximum success in correctly identifying books ordered for a college library. Each year, as the price of books rises and salaries of library staffs increase, the amount spent on the ordering procedure also goes up. This cost is determined by two factors: the time needed to search trade bibliographies for identifying information, and the number of bibliographies that must be searched to properly determine an item. This study focuses on the latter factor: the proportion of success among bibliographies searched.
The Literature of Antitrust Economics
Authors: Carter Melissa
Published: February 2008

Research in the discipline of antitrust economics, which encompasses legal as well as economic aspects, reveals a young and expanding area that has established its own literature within the past twenty years. The citations in this bibliographic essay were selected for their particular relevance to the subject and represent a core collection of materials that would be most useful to the study of American antitrust economics.
The Alternative Press and Libraries
Authors: Shore Elliott
Published: February 2008

Where in our library collections will we find information on Jimmy Carter's membership in the Trilateral Commission? Can we answer a reference question on the effects of substitution of powdered milk for breast feeding in Third World countries? How about a question on the effectiveness of the four billion dollar anti‐cancer campaign in the United States? What about the costs of decommissioning nuclear power plants?
On Aging—Where Are the Advocates? An Annotated Bibliography
Authors: Feinberg Renee , Auerbach Rita
Published: February 2008

It is customary these days to denounce our society for its unconscionable neglect of the elderly, while we look back romantically to some indeterminate past when the elderly were respected and well cared for. Contrary to this popular view, old people historically have enjoyed neither respect nor security. As Simone de Beauvoir so effectively demonstrates in The Coming of Age (New York: Putnam, 1972), the elderly have been almost universally ill‐treated by societies throughout the world. Even the Hebrew patriarchs admonished their children to remember them as they grew older: “Cast me not off in time of old age; when my strength fails, forsake me not” (Psalms 71:1). Primitive agrarian cultures, whose very existence depended upon the knowledge gleaned from experience, valued their elders, but even they were often moved by the harsh conditions of subsistence living to eliminate by ritual killing those who were no longer productive members of society. There was a softening of societal attitudes toward the elderly during the period of nineteenth century industrial capitalism, which again valued experience and entrepreneurial skills. Modern technocratic society, however, discredits the idea that knowledge accumulates with age and prefers to think that it grows out‐of‐date. “The vast majority of mankind,” writes de Beauvoir, “look upon the coming of old age with sorrow and rebellion. It fills them with more aversion than death itself.” That the United States in the twentieth century is not alone in its poor treatment of the aged does not excuse or explain this neglect. Rather, the pervasiveness of prejudice against the old makes it even more imperative that we now develop programs to end age discrimination and its vicious effects.
Systematic Weeding: A Report on the Weeding Project of the Kenosha Public Library
Authors: Hammond George C. , Cooper Ginnie
Published: February 2008

If you are a gardener, you know the value of weeding. If you are a librarian, you may not. Utilizing CETA funds, the much‐needed systematic weeding of the entire collection of the main branch of the Kenosha Public Library System was undertaken in 1978. Certain values of such a project, and certain systematic procedures to accomplish it, crystalized in our minds during the six months needed to perform the task. This report has been written to share the knowledge we gained with all interested librarians.
Developing a Genealogy Collection: Some Initial Considerations
Authors: Kaufman Mary
Published: February 2008

Genealogy is thought to be the third most popular hobby in the United States today. Considering the recent impact of Roots, there is every indication it will remain so. A strong argument can be made that libraries should heed this interest and begin to develop genealogical collections. They should forget old prejudices, accept responsibility for this informational need, and begin an entirely new relationship with ancestor hunters and genealogists.
Job Information Centers in the Public Library
Authors: Schmidt Martha M. , Desch Carol A.
Published: February 2008

The traditional public library met the needs of its patrons by circulating books, holding story hours, and providing readers' advisory and reference services. Today, public libraries circulate art work and garden tools, provide disco dancing and college courses, and (in New York State) help their users find jobs through library‐based Job Information Centers.
Libraries and Alternatives: An Essay
Authors: Glass Schuman Patricia
Published: February 2008

The library is the only social institution whose main ethical underpinning is the collection, preservation, and dissemination of all manner of information. This, at any rate, is the library's avowed goal. It rarely becomes a reality, and for good and sundry reasons: budget constraints, space limitations, personnel shortages. The danger is not so much that the library often falls short of its heady and laudable goal, but that librarians are sometimes seized by an almost pathological smugness. In short, they come to believe that the goal is actually being realized.
The Acquisition of Alternative Materials
Authors: Danky James P.
Published: February 2008

As is true of so much that we read and hear, neither of these statements is wholly accurate. While the Association of American Publishers may not have a position in favor of increasing conglomeration in the publishing industry, it is most certainly not opposed to it. As others have noted in this handbook, the growing domination of publishing by a small number of large firms is changing the amount and quality of available information in ways not yet fully understood. If libraries are to provide quality service, library workers should bring all their powers of analysis and skepticism to their jobs. They must involve themselves more fully than ever before in all aspects of knowledge and its avenues of dissemination, so that the library might provide as full a range of resources and services as possible for the needs of its clientele. To judge materials without examination, or without careful regard for the source of information, is to abdicate the inherent responsibility of a library service. For in a great many ways, the librarian's selection of materials influences what is published.
Access to Alternatives: New Approaches in Cataloging
Authors: Berman Sanford
Published: February 2008

It's not enough to simply acquire alternative and small‐press materials. They must also be made easily accessible to library users by means of accurate, intelligible, and thorough cataloging.
Collection Development Policies in Medium‐Sized Academic Libraries
Authors: Bryant Bonita
Published: February 2008

G. Edward Evans defines “collection development” as “the process of assessing the strengths and weaknesses in a collection, and then creating a plan to correct the weaknesses and maintain the strengths.” He goes on to describe the collection development policy as “the written statement of that plan.…” Many librarians have acknowledged a responsibility to provide documentation of this process in the libraries they serve, yet few have done so. When the flush days of the sixties' Great Society were followed by the information explosion, inflation, and an era of accountability for service‐oriented institutions, the need for collection development policies became more urgent than it had been for decades. While selection of library materials has been of vital professional concern during most of the history of modern librarianship, it is only in the past decade that the preparation of selection or acquisitions policies (the terms have commonly been used interchangeably) and of collection development policies has received concentrated attention in library literature.
Duplication in Library Collections: What We Know and What We Need to Know
Authors: Metz Paul
Published: February 2008

The great majority of academic libraries find themselves in a vast and often unmarked territory between two polar sets of goals and aspirations. These two poles could be represented by the model of the great research library, on the one hand, and the discount store, on the other. In choosing the first ideal, the library decides to acquire as broad a selection of research materials as possible, including infrequently used primary materials (census records, publications from limited editions, personal manuscripts, and unpublished pamphlets) in order that researchers may, at least in theory, find the collection all‐ or nearly all‐sufficient. Holders of this view point with pride to the contents of the catalog. At the other pole, the library sets out to be as responsive to demand as possible, to provide more and more of the materials which “move off the shelves” and, like the discount store, to discontinue stock items which are less popular than something more attractive which might replace them. Advocates of this view point with pride to the swarming circulation desk.
Preview Perspectives: Children React to Film/Literature Presentations
Authors: May Jill P.
Published: February 2008

Although educators have written at length about children's attitudes and the implications these have upon their book preferences (e.g., Rue and Evard, 1963, “Student Evaluations of Newberry Award Books”; Smith, 1972, “The Popularity of Children's Fiction as a Function of Reading Ease and Related Factors”; Groves, 1949, “Concern with the Present: Are Books Meeting this Need?”), there seems to be little attempt to ascertain how much popular media affects children's reading and/or viewing patterns. National magazines such as Time and Newsweek have periodically reported on television's stronghold on today's youth. But their reports largely have not been based on any systematic gathering of data.
Oral History: A Selected List of Resources
Authors: Stansell Jan
Published: February 2008

General and Historical Works, Nevins, Allan. The Gateway to History. Chicago: Quadrangle Books, 1963.
Photography Journals: An Annotated Bibliography
Authors: Bialopiotrowicz Raymond
Published: February 2008

Although fewer than 150 years have passed since Jacques Daguerre perfected the first photographic image in 1839, the flood of evolving equipment and applications has already generated a broad and richly varied field. Simultaneously one of the youngest arts and one of the newest technologies, photography is now used in medical research, space exploration, criminal investigations, agricultural production, design of industrial machinery, ad infinitum. At one extreme, it records family life and supplies the surest method of identification on drivers' licenses. At the other end of the spectrum, photography (once denounced in haute couture) has within the past five years not only become an “acceptable” art form, but has assumed centerstage in museums and exhibits throughout the United States and Europe.
The Middle‐Aged “Older Woman”: A Feminist Librarian's Approach to Library Resources
Authors: Wheeler Helen R.
Published: February 2008

At least three demographic trends in the twentieth century are having a tremendous impact on the patterns of women's lives. With increased life expectancy, reduced birth‐rate, and expanded occupational mobility, the life cycle of the American female has undergone great change. At midlife, many women today begin roles new to them—widow/divorcee, student, salaried employee, head‐of‐household are usually discussed. They may be confronted with new challenges—entering or reentering the labor force, returning to school, renewing old skills and roles—or may merely be struggling to survive. Rarely mentioned are the never‐married women and the fact that most people work because they must acquire the basics for themselves and/or for others.
The Public Library as a Sex Education Resource for Adolescents
Authors: Chelton Mary K.
Published: February 2008

Three distinct, and interrelated, events led to this article. All three actually happened to me. The first was when a young man whom I had known vaguely as a neighborhood kid approached the reference desk where I was working in August, 1974. He said, “Do you have a book on pregnancy? I'm getting married Saturday, and I want to make sure that she takes care of herself.”
Architectural Preservation in Canada: A Bibliographic Essay
Authors: McClung Ellen , Eines Toby
Published: February 2008

Within the past ten years Canada has experienced a renewed interest in its architectural past. Whether part of an international trend toward architectural conservation (witness European Architectural Heritage Year, 1976), or part of a general reappraisal of all things Canadian and the development of a sense of nationalism, or the realization, painful as it may be, that the character of the urban landscape is quickly losing its familiar character, this renewed interest in our architectural heritage has surfaced, and is manifesting its presence in many ways. To any who would doubt the existence of a Canadian architectural heritage, or would quarrel with its worth, one has only to turn to Alan Gowans' prefatory remarks to his Building Canada: An Architectural History of Canadian Life:
Issues in Collection Building: Why Collection Development Policies
Authors: Futas Elizabeth
Published: February 2008

Volume Three of Collection Building introduces a new column, Issues in Collection Building. Our previous editions have centered primarily on the means of developing library resources, with a special interest in achieving diversity in library collections. Now, with this new column, we can begin to identify the issues in collection development, address them, and, at times, act as a forum for varying points of view.
Information Sources in Aging: An Annotated Bibliography
Authors: Turock Betty
Published: February 2008

While most age groups in the United States show zero or near zero growth, older adults continue to increase in population. Futurists and demographers suggest that we are in a transitional period prior to an even more intense shift to an older society. They project that current increases in the education, income, activity, and advocacy of older adults will continue. Those rises, in turn, will enable elders to enhance public awareness of their development, role, and plight, leading to political and social action more favorable to them.
Postcards are Popular, But Not in Your Library
Authors: Katz Bill
Published: February 2008

Postcards have been sold by the billions over the past 100 years or so, but you never would recognize their popularity by checking library holdings. Most libraries ignore them, yet a reporter observed at the 1981 national poster and postcard show: “Postcard collection—a nostalgic pastime that has become a consuming passion for thousands of Americans—is more popular today than when picture postcards first caught on at the turn of the century.” Among the dealers of new cards, Kennard Harris says that “in the past five years there has been an explosion of museum postcard publishing and sales in this country.”
Information Resource Guide to Chemical Hazardous Wastes in the Environment
Authors: Armao Robert J.
Published: February 2008

According to the Environmental Protection Agency Office of Toxic Substances, there are some 70,000 chemical compounds manufactured or processed at approximately 115,000 sites across the U.S. About 1,000 new chemical compounds are introduced every year and many of these are unquestionably toxic to human, animal, or plant life.
Some Radical Book and Pamphlet Publishers
Authors: Shore Elliott
Published: February 2008

It is time for some different brand names. Librarians are notorious for unthinkingly ordering books from major publishers. There is an understandable logic at work: these are large and well respected companies and their products must meet rigorous standards in order to be published. A secondary assumption underlies the first; if the book isn't so hot or if it is controversial, the librarian can always make the argument that it is from a usually reliable source. Buying from established sources can also allow the selector to circumvent the rule, sometimes unwritten, that one or two favorable reviews are needed in order to purchase. And there are the added bonuses of CIP data and ease of ordering and handling.
Bibliographic Control of AV Materials: Current Signs of the Integrative Approach to Access (A Very Condensed Overview)
Authors: Doughty Esther C.D.
Published: February 2008

Partly in the unfolding course of events and partly by intention, we in the transatlantic/English‐speaking region of the world now have an established and standard bibliographic system for printed verbal media—books, serials, and microform. Among them, with some computer assistance, Bowker, H.W. Wilson, Whitaker, the Library of Congress, the British Library, the British Museum Library, and a number of supplementary publishers and collections provide major twentieth century in‐print means of access, as close to being comprehensive, reliable, and coordinated as can humanly be expected at present. You can be reasonably confident that if the information on a print medium exists, you can get it—“you” being either reference/ acquisitions staff or a user.
Alternative Periodicals in England
Authors: Shore Elliott
Published: February 2008

More than the previous two columns, this list is highly suspect. It represents what I like to read from England, what I could get my hands on, and what could serve as a core collection for an American library. What I immediately want to do is disclaim that these are the most representative or even the most sensible choices for libraries, although I do want to emphasize that they are a fine assortment and that they are among the most influential and intriguing publications of the English press that are readily available.
Free and Inexpensive Materials on Death and Dying
Authors: Moon Ilse B.
Published: February 2008

Once a taboo subject, death and dying has been considered not only a possible but a healthy topic of discussion since the pioneering work of Dr. Elizabeth Kübler‐Ross with dying patients in Chicago beginning in 1965. Since then, the widely publicized court case of the comatose young Karen Ann Quinlan, the growth of the hospice movement, and the rise of groups asserting a person's right to choose the moment and manner of death rather than undergo the prolonged suffering of terminal illness have fueled public interest. Media attention reflects this increasing public awareness—the popular 60 Minutes televised interviews with both hospice people and supporters of the right‐to‐die; a “Dear Abby” newspaper column drew over 40,000 requests to the Society for the Right to Die for information on living wills.
Photography as Historical Evidence and Art: Steps in Collection Building
Authors: Freudenthal Juan R. , Lyders Josette A.
Published: February 2008

That photography was more than a mere technological breakthrough was clear to its inventors but not to their contemporaries or generations after. The fast visual appropriation of “reality,” the sudden transformation of this reality into an image which mirrored our world, gave us a new lease on immortality. From its inception, photography became an act of assertion and vainglory and biographers could study the psychology of a face as well as the depth of the soul. Walt Whitman once wrote: “I've been photographed, photographed, and photographed until the cameras themselves are tired of me.” (As quoted by Justin Kaplan. Walt Whitman. A Life. Simon & Schuster, 1980.) From Whitman's ego trips to the forced smiles in that brief but powerful scene in the film, Ordinary People, when family soul‐searching is captured by the click of a camera, the world around us is preserved and mythologized. Photography is witness to history and art, and shapes our lives as well. In a recent interview, Mikhail Baryshnikov stated that as a dancer he had been influenced not only by other choreographers but by “movies, musicals,(and) photo exhibitions.” (The New York Times, June 28, 1981, p. 6). Thus, photography becomes archival material, for it speaks of the human adventure in all its diversity.
Writers Who Protest and Protesters Who Write; A Guide to Soviet Dissent Literature
Authors: Vince Emerson Susan
Published: February 2008

Human rights has emerged in the past several years as an important issue of our times and the personal freedoms of citizens of many countries has become a concern of the American government. Since the Helsinki agreement in 1975 (the Final Act of the Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe), the compliance of the Soviet government with the Helsinki accords—with respect to guarantees of individual freedoms of its citizens— has been watched anxiously by human rights groups all over the world.
The Reviewing of Children's Science Books
Authors: Witucke Virginia
Published: February 2008

The selection of materials for library collections serving children remains heavily dependent on reviews for the identification and evaluation of appropriate items. It is desirable, therefore, that librarians and others who select juvenile books have access to reviews of all titles recently published (although one hundred percent coverage may never actually be possible), that this access be prompt, and that the content of reviews be helpful. That is, the review should describe the book sufficiently for the selector to decide on its usefulness for his/her purposes, and should evaluate the title with authority.
Developing Collections On Puerto Rican Heritage
Authors: Verges Bruni
Published: February 2008

Puerto Rican ethnic literature dates back to hundreds of years before the European explorers set foot on the island that was then named Boriquen. The Archaic, Igneri, and Taino Indians' petroglyphics and other artifacts found in caves constitute the earliest documentation of the culture and development as well as the political and social structures of the original Puerto Rican. Much of this culture was destroyed by the colonizers, along with the people who created it, but enough documentation has been salvaged to reconstruct what may have been a highly organized culture.
Issues in Collection Development Wanted: Collection Development Officer
Authors: Futas Elizabeth
Published: February 2008

Larger libraries of both the academic and public varieties have in the last few years increasingly been creating the position of Collection Development Officer in their organizations. It seems to me that there are two very important problems with the searching and hiring procedures for this position. They stem from the conclusion of some of our top library directors that the qualifications for this position must necessarily be twofold: subject expertise and literary background. The former is usually spelled out by requiring that the aspirants have subject masters or doctorates; the latter is usually assured by having some writing or “bookman” experience in the work background. Although these two competencies are not necessarily bad for a collection development officer to have, what they do as a rule is prevent the hiring of (and discourage applications from) people who would make excellent collection development officers in areas that are plainly most important. What are the areas of expertise that are needed?
Sociology of Religion: A Bibliographic Essay
Authors: Kulp William
Published: February 2008

Sociology of religion is the study of the relationship between religion and culture. Sociologists focus on the nature and structure of religious organizations and movements, leadership, the effect of religious commitment on individuals and social process or social change. Central to the discipline is the search for an adequate definition of religion and for a coherent explanation of the distinction between religious myth and social reality.
The Neurochemical Bases of Library Use…Or, Why We Love Harlequins
Authors: Benson James , O'Connor Daniel O.
Published: February 2008

Many librarians have hypothesized that psychological and sociological variables can be used to explain library use. This article examines the possibility of utilizing biological variables to explain library use.
Issues in Collection Building: The Process
Authors: Futas Elizabeth
Published: February 2008

For the past six months (and with no end in sight) I have been reading and evaluating the collection development and materials selection policies of libraries from all over the country. Not only does this include academic and public libraries, but thrown in for good measure are some school, special, and state library documents. Some are good, and some aren't so good, but what it all boils down to is, what goes into the making of a successful policy?
Island Trees v. Pico The Battle Ahead
Authors: Hentoff Nat
Published: February 2008

There is a Federal District Judge in Boston, Joseph Tauro, whose passion for the First Amendment would have greatly gratified James Madison. In 1978, Tauro presided over a school library censorship case. The trial, involving one poem in the anthology, Male and Female Under Eighteen, was attended by more than a hundred students at Chelsea High School (where the poem was under attack). Taking every available seat in the courtroom, the kids watched in fascination as their right to read the poem was contested by the school board's asserting its right to protect the students from the words and the ideas in the poem.
Think Globally—
Authors: Stam David H.
Published: February 2008

Some of you may be familiar with the music of a somewhat offbeat rock group called The Police, and specifically their song called “Too Much Information.” The most qualified teenagers I know are unable to decode all of the words, but for the uninitiated, it goes something like this with a fair amount of repetition:
Business Basics:
Authors: Ternberg Milton G.
Published: February 2008

Collection development in the field of business is an exciting and rewarding professional activity. It is a field that is constantly changing with the subject matter varying from the theoretical to the very practical. As a result, business materials are extremely numerous and of a very diverse nature. Currency is very important in a business collection, which makes the job of the business librarian a continuing challenge.
Perspective
Authors: Katz Bill
Published: February 2008

The purpose of this and future columns about collection development is to be judiciously critical and mildly constructive.
Free & Inexpensive
Authors: Moon Ilse
Published: February 2008

The love‐object of America's romance with the automobile may have changed from the chrome‐bedecked gas guzzler of the fifties to today's trim, prim foreign model, but there is no sign that we are giving up our adoration of the personal vehicle that lets us jump in and go where and when we please—our symbol of freedom. Information resources in the library must be able to cope with all aspects of cars—from selection to maintenance, operation and protection. Here is a small sampling of the many items available for the slim pocketbook.
Microcomputers in Media Centers—Selecting Software
Authors: Miller Inabeth
Published: February 2008

There is no computer topic today more widely discussed, that occupies more pages in the popular and academic journals than computer software. It is said to be sparse, nonexistent, ineffective, “junk,” inaccurate, incomprehensible, unsuitable, etc. Software is essential to the efficacy of any school computer operation, yet rarely purchased concomitant with the equipment itself. Originally, vendors gave away software with every hardware purchase. Today, school practitioners recommend that schools should budget twice the cost of the hardware for appropriate materials. The New York Times, in an article entitled “Computers: The Action's in Software,” reveals much about the economics of a field that is just beginning its rapid growth phase (November 8, 1981). Indeed, schools may come to the realization with this technology that equipment without software is a projector without a film, a phonograph without a record.
Like Dreamers Do: A Personal, Opinionated Story of a Small Press Review Magazine
Authors: Burns Grant
Published: February 2008

Delmore Schwartz's best‐known short story is called “In Dreams Begin Responsibilities.” Like many small‐press publications, the review journal New Pages began in dreams, chiefly those of its publisher, Casey Hill, who dreamed of creating a magazine which could simultaneously advance good small‐press literature, support movements for beneficial social change, and ultimately provide him and the New Pages staff an adequate living. I have been an academic reference librarian since 1977; I have known Casey since 1979, and have edited New Pages since 1981. I have found that Casey possesses an unusual ability to plant and nurture his dreams in the minds of others.
Balancing Your Science Fiction Collection
Authors: Bogstad Janice M.
Published: February 2008

Almost all libraries collect fiction. Of course the nature, scope, and organization of the collection varies with the type of library and its clientele. In this column scholars, fans, and just plain readers of diverse fiction formats, types, and genres will explore their specialty with a view to the collection building needs of various types of libraries. In addition to lists of “good reads,” authors not to be missed, rising stars, and rediscovered geniuses, columnists will cover major critics, bibliographies, relevant journals and organizations, publishers, and trends. Each column will include a genre overview, a discussion of access to published works, and a core collection of recommended books and authors. Janice M. Bogstad leads off with a discussion of science fiction. In the next issue of Collection Building, Ian will focus her discussion on the growing body of feminist science fiction with an article entitled, “Redressing an Interval Balance: Women and Science Fiction, 1965–1983.” Issues to follow will feature Kathleen Heim on thrillers, and Rhea Rubin reviewing short story collection building. Should you care to suggest an area or aspect of fiction collection building for discussion or try your hand as a columnist contact the column editor through Neal‐Schuman Publishers.
Weeding Library and Information Science Collections:
Authors: Lester Engle June
Published: February 2008

The library of the Emory University Division of Librarianship had its beginnings in the teaching collection of the training classes of the Carnegie Library of Atlanta, and thus the genesis of the collection dates to 1899. As with almost any library collection, its development has been uneven; and, it has suffered the vagaries of fluctuating acquisitions funds, a long series of librarians with differing capabilities and interests, and—as with all academic libraries—a rather constantly shifting and changing faculty and curriculum which it supports. Given these circumstances, and the fact that the collection had never been methodically weeded in its entirety, one might conclude the need for a weeding project was almost indisputable.
Public Libraries as Oral History Centers: An Evaluation
Authors: Palmer Joseph W.
Published: February 2008

Local history activities are becoming an important function of public libraries in the United States. Librarians are recognizing that they must play a leading role in preserving the records that embody the unique heritage of their communities. This role is especially important in communities that lack a well‐staffed historical museum. Because the library is freely open to all and tends to have more hours and facilities for servicing the information needs of the general public, it can be the ideal interface between historical materials, historical museums, societies, and historians, and the people in the community. Often historical societies lack the staff, funds, and facilities to function effectively as an information place for the average citizen. Cooperation between libraries and historical societies is essential and should be nurtured by both agencies. It is not uncommon to find that the librarian is an active member of the historical society—sometimes even functioning as the town historian.
Putting the Alternative Press into a University Press Binding
Authors: Case Patricia J.
Published: February 2008

Since June 1982, when Alternative Papers was published, I have asked friends, enemies, and strangers to review it, yet I confess I was rather surprised when the editor of this column turned the tables and asked me to review it. Certainly, my co‐editors and I do know the book—what it was intended to achieve, what went into producing it, and how it has been received—probably better than anyone else. Funny, no one asked me before…
Redressing an Internal Imbalance: Women and Science Fiction, 1965–1980
Authors: Bogstad Janice M.
Published: February 2008

For many years, science fiction has been perceived as “rayguns and rocket ships” boys' literature. Any number of impressionistic and statistical studies have identified the typical SF reader as male, between the ages of twelve and twenty and, in the case of adults, employed in some technical field. Yet I continually find myself having conversations with women, only to find that they, like myself, began reading science fiction between the ages of six and ten, have been reading it voraciously ever since, and were often frustrated at the absence of satisfying female characters and the presence of misogynistic elements in what they read. The stereotype of the male reader and the generally male SF environment mask both the increasing presence of women writers in the field of science fiction and the existence of a feminist dialog within some SF novels. This dialog had its beginnings in the mid‐sixties and is still going strong. It is the hope of the feminist SF community that this effacement can be counteracted.
Women's Wages: Materials on Pay Equity
Authors: Josephine Helen B.
Published: February 2008

The facts speak for themselves — women earn 59 cents for every dollar earned by men. Women earn the most in professions where men pre‐dominate—operations research, law, engineering, medicine—but even in these professions, they earn less than their male colleagues. Women predominate in the lower‐paid occupations — clerical, retail sales, health services. And yet, in these lower‐paid occupations, women still earn less than men.
El Salvador:
Authors: Likins John R.
Published: February 2008

Agee, Philip. White Paper Whitewash: Interviews with Philip Agee on the CIA and El Salvador. Edited by Werner Poelchau. New York: Deep Cover Books (Box 677, New York 10013), 1981. $8.00. Written by a former CIA agent, author of Inside the Company. Critique of Communist Interference in El Salvador, cited below.
Physical Education in the 1980s:
Authors: Catelli Linda A.
Published: February 2008

Physical education, like most areas of education, is changing and taking on a new look for the 1980s. Physical educators, school administrators, and others making decisions about programs for children and young people are examining both current practices and forecasts for the future in this field. What they decide will profoundly affect the resources that should be a part of library collections for children and youth. Too often librarians and school media specialists have found it difficult to think about the kinds of materials appropriate for such collections because they do not have the knowledge necessary for sound selection. A major reason for this difficulty is that the area of physical education is usually separated from other subject areas in schools. Along with the industrial arts, domestic science, and the fine arts, physical education is categorized as a performative subject area. Classified as such, it is usually not thought of as something you ask young people to think about, talk about, or even read about; but rather, something you ask them to “do.” Yet, upon closer examination, there exists a small wealth of library materials for children.
The Alternative Press Index
Authors: O'Lexa Elizabeth
Published: February 2008

The Alternative Press Index began in 1969 as “wishful thinking” that fought its way into reality via a small group of students and faculty from Carleton College in Northfield, Minnesota. This group came together at a conference sponsored by Vocations for Social Change, an organization that encourages employment in social change‐related jobs. The idea was to categorize and make available the mass of periodical information coming from alternative sources: the Left, women's liberation, gay liberation, the many underground movements that blossomed in the 1960s, and the struggle of minorities. The index was to make an express political statement. According to Mary McKenney, one of its founders, “Potentially, then, we cover a broad area, made broader by each new ‘liberation movement’ that gains a foothold in peoples' consciousness. What we do not cover are publications of the right wing, no matter how ‘extreme’ or ‘controversial,’ no matter how ‘radically’ right. The reason is that we are advocates, not necessarily bibliographical scholars.” (Library Journal, January 1, 1971, p.55.)The API had its first home at the Carleton College Radical Research Center, where some 20 volunteers compiled Volume One, which included 72 periodicals.
The Embrace of Chaos: Definitions of the Genre of Alienation—Thrillers
Authors: Heim Kathleen
Published: February 2008

The dismissal of the ordinary and the embrace of chaos are characteristics of the thriller which has, over the last decade, accounted for nearly 25 percent of the best‐seller market. In spite of its existential overtones, the thriller, with rare exceptions, is seldom viewed as quality fiction, yet is not generally classified as genre fiction with attendant categorization by libraries and bookstores. Readers of thrillers in pursuit of authors must either search through the general fiction or “mystery” shelves where thrillers are sometimes placed. However, the latter solution offends both mystery and thriller readers.
Life After 40
Authors: Payne Joyce , Stephen Aurelia
Published: February 2008

If you are 30 or older, you are middle‐aged by someone's criteria. When the college students of the 1970s declared “Don't trust anyone over 30,” did you think they would be someday talking about you? And what about those who say “Life begins at 40”? Did you ever believe them?
Bibliography and the Beginning Bibliographer
Authors: D'Aniello Charles
Published: February 2008

This essay is offered as advice to those who contemplate becoming or have recently become bibliographers. I begin with the admonition that neither users' studies, statistical analyses, nor approval plans compensate for a lack of knowledge of disciplinary research interests and bibliographic structure. In the final analysis, the best bibliographers are scholars. They keep current with a discipline's investigations and monitor its evolution. Even if they are unable to engage in detailed discourse on the more esoteric subjects its practitioners study, they understand its topography. That is, they possess a “feel” for what students in a given field find interesting, they understand its epistemology, know its publication trends and favored formats, and have a fine reference librarian's ability to use its bibliographic apparatus.
American Short Stories
Authors: Joyce Rubin Rhea
Published: February 2008

Bernard Malamud said “…a short story packs a self in a few pages predicating a lifetime. The drama is tense, happens fast, and is more often than not outlandish. In a few pages the story portrays the complexity of a life while producing the surprise and effect of knowledge…” According to Helen Haines, “The short story may be, perhaps, best defined as the equivalent in fiction to the lyric in poetry and the one‐act play in drama: the intensified, concentrated expression of an idea or theme…It demands greater, but less sustained, mastery of style than does the novel…The brevity of the short story, while it limits, also makes for freedom…” The freedoms it allows include posing problems without solutions, ignoring logical development to a conclusion, and referring to vague ideas which are never detailed. These allowable omissions of the short story lead to its great power for the reader. For a short story is only completed through the interaction of its reader. “The readers are forced into active collaboration: they flesh out the story through memory, sympathy, and insight, and they feel its truth as immediately as a toothache.”
Technical Services and Collection Development for Children's Libraries
Authors: Intner Sheila S.
Published: February 2008

What has technical services to do with collection development for children's collections—or any other kind of collections for that matter? Isn't technical services what happens after selection decisions and other collection development plans are complete? Don't the technical services staff simply execute the decisions? These questions are familiar to any technical services librarian who ventures across the invisible line into the world of material selection and collection development, and onto the toes of subject specialists, bibliographers, reference or children's specialists, who inhabit that world. They rule their domain with clearly defined credentials supporting their hegemony, largely ignoring the mundane concerns of their technical services colleagues.
The Comix Alternative
Authors: Scott Randall W.
Published: February 2008

Comic books, especially if printed in black and white, are a relatively cheap communication and entertainment medium. This means that poor people (including kids) can afford them, and also that small publishers (including kids) can afford to produce them. It thus seems natural that there have always been “alternatives” to the comics published by the big companies with their color printing and Madison Avenue artwork.
Due Process Principles Applied to the Development of Reconsideration Policies
Authors: Callison Daniel , Kittleson Cynthia
Published: February 2008

Policies and procedures designed to meet selection of and challenges to instructional materials are in existence in many school districts. Often, however, these policies fail to outline clear procedures for evaluation and review of the selection process itself through involvement of teachers, students, librarians, administrators, and parents. As professionals intimately involved with the selection and utilization of instructional materials, librarians have a professional responsibility to assist in the development of a policy which is: 1. promoted for the awareness and education of all parties involved; 2. utilized with the intent for all interested parties to have the opportunity to provide constructive input; 3. practiced so that procedures can be documented and therefore understood and supported by the governing powers of the school system.
Eating Clams with Your Fingers: A Survey of Contemporary Etiquette Books
Authors: Grefrath Richard W.
Published: February 2008

It's no surprise that the early 1980s have witnessed a resurgence of interest in etiquette books, since that's that usual reaction after a period of loose morals. The current vogue features the New Right, short haircuts, and proper behavior, a predictable backlash after the “Age of Aquarius,” the hedonistic 1960s: the age of love‐ins, be‐ins, and smoke‐ins. Two bestselling etiquette books in particular have parlayed this social milieu into commercial success: Miss Manners' Guide to Excruciatingly Correct Behavior (1982), and Eve Drobot's Class Acts (1982). Ms. Drobot, a Canadian journalist, realizes that those of the tribal 1960s have “shucked blue‐jeans in favor of 3‐piece suits: we are junior members of law firms…we have to take clients out to lunch, attend cocktail parties, and travel on business.”
Library Networking: A Bibliography
Authors: Dugan Robert
Published: February 2008

Algermissen, Virginia, Penny Billings, Sandra Grace, Barbara Guidry, and John Blair. “Subminute Telefacsimile for ILL Document Delivery.” Information Technology and Libraries, I (Sept., 1982), 274–5.
The New Men's Music
Authors: Wilson Weinberg Tom
Published: February 2008

Men's music? Isn't that what the popular music industry has always been? Rock, middle‐of‐the‐road, pop, jazz, punk, disco, and (yes!) classical—it's all part of a world every bit as macho as that of dockworkers or football players. Music is big business and big business follows a safe and profitable path.
The Hospice Movement: A Bibliographic Essay
Authors: Tryon Julie
Published: February 2008

Since the mid‐1960s, people have begun to change their attitudes towards death and the role it plays in our society. Many find problems with the fact that an increasing number of people die in old age, afflicted with chronic diseases, and that a majority of people in the United States die in public institutions such as hospitals, extended care facilities, or convalescent homes. Questions have been raised regarding the extent to which technology should be used to keep someone alive, when doing so seems futile or even cruel. We are beginning to realize that our society at present does not deal effectively with this growing populaton of the aged.
Data Center; A Very Special Library
Authors: Horn Zoia , O'Neill Karen
Published: February 2008

The name Data Center evokes images of computers and disks, of cubicles with people scanning computer screens, of sudden surges of mechanical typing by printers. It's ironical that the words “data center” apply now to electronically provided information.
Top Secret/Trade Secret: Restricting and Accessing Information
Authors: Mount Ellis , Newman Wilda B.
Published: February 2008

Our society could well be said to run on information. We use information so much that we tend to take it for granted. We wake up to radio broadcasts of the latest news or the daily weather forecast. During the day we need data about many things—the price of goods we intend to purchase, the technical features of a service proposed for the business we run, the schedule of appointments for next week, and so on during working hours. We may have called colleagues for data, used a library, or had a search done on a computerized database. As we return home we might peruse reports and correspondence received during the day. Before the day comes to an end we have undoubtedly read at least one newspaper and perhaps checked the television guide to find out the schedule of programs. Our waking hours are filled with accessing and evaluating information.
A Rag Called SHMATE
Authors: Fankuchen Steve
Published: February 2008

JEWS and paper. Virtually inseparable. Think of your non‐Jewish friends. Some have lots of paper around and some don't. Now think of your Jewish friends —newspapers, books, files, piles, magazines, cartons of unidentified scraps, back issues, memorabilia. The front page of The New York Times when F.D.R. was reelected. Immigration papers. Paid‐up donor luncheon programs. Brooklyn Dodger yearbooks. Uncle Harry's letters from the old country. Aunt Tillie's letters from west of the Hudson. Jews are not merely the people of the book, but of the magazine and newspaper, too, as the Jewish community continually strives to deal with diversity and change within the context of unity and continuity. Often it seems there are as many Jewish publications as there are Jewish opinions which—as we all know—exceeds the number of Jews.