bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Predicting dice similarity coefficient of deformably registered contours using Siamese neural network
Authors: Yeap Ping Lin , Wong Yun Ming , Ong Ashley Li Kuan , Tuan Jeffrey Kit Loong , Pang Eric Pei Ping , Park Sung Yong , Lee James Cheow Lei , Tan Hong Qi
Published: July 2023

Objective. Automatic deformable image registration (DIR) is a critical step in adaptive radiotherapy. Manually delineated organs-at-risk (OARs) contours on planning CT (pCT) scans are deformably registered onto daily cone-beam CT (CBCT) scans for delivered dose accumulation. However, evaluation of registered contours requires human assessment, which is time-consuming and subjects to high inter-observer variability. This work proposes a deep learning model that allows accurate prediction of Dice similarity coefficients (DSC) of registered contours in prostate radiotherapy. Approach. Our dataset comprises 20 prostate cancer patients with 37–39 daily CBCT scans each. The pCT scans and planning contours were deformably registered to each corresponding CBCT scan to generate virtual CT (vCT) scans and registered contours. The DSC score, which is a common contour-based validation metric for registration quality, between the registered and manual contours were computed. A Siamese neural network was trained on the vCT-CBCT image pairs to predict DSC. To assess the performance of the model, the root mean squared error (RMSE) between the actual and predicted DSC were computed. Main results. The model showed promising results for predicting DSC, giving RMSE of 0.070, 0.079 and 0.118 for rectum, prostate, and bladder respectively on the holdout test set. Clinically, a low RMSE implies that the predicted DSC can be reliably used to determine if further DIR assessment from physicians is required. Considering the event where a registered contour is classified as poor if its DSC is below 0.6 and good otherwise, the model achieves an accuracy of 92% for the rectum. A sensitivity of 0.97 suggests that the model can correctly identify 97% of poorly registered contours, allowing manual assessment of DIR to be triggered. Significance. We propose a neural network capable of accurately predicting DSC of deformably registered OAR contours, which can be used to evaluate eligibility for plan adaptation.
ICRH assisted breakdown study on JET
Authors: Sun H J , Wauters T , Lomas P J , Lerche E , Monakhov I , Noble C , De Vries P C , Silburn S , Kim H T , Kirov K , Coffey I , Siren P , Thomas B , Boboc A , Palamartchouk K , Szepesi G , Joffrin E , Labit B , McDonald D C , Contributors JET
Published: July 2023

Ion cyclotron (IC) wave assisted breakdown has the potential to increase the robustness of plasma initiation during the ITER pre-fusion operation phase. Studies were performed at JET at ITER relevant loop electric field,

E

loop

≲
0.33
 

Vm

−
1

, and a range of toroidal fields, including at the low toroidal field of

1.7

T

for which breakdown had not been achieved previously on JET. The study covered a range of H2 and D2 gas prefill pressures and timings, pumping conditions, and residual impurity levels. IC assisted breakdown was achieved for a lower and wider range of gas prefill pressures. IC assisted breakdown works by activating wall pumping before the current rise, changing the relation between fuelling and torus pressure in this phase compared to Ohmic breakdown. IC assisted breakdown enables plasma initiation with a higher level and significantly wider range of injected plasma prefill gas. As the injected prefill gas is the controlled parameter, this significantly improves the robustness of plasma initiation operationally. IC assistance is found to be more robust at ITER-like

E

loop

, succeeding with higher low-Z impurity content. Moreover, it does not introduce an impurity source that may hamper the subsequent burn though and current ramp-up phase. For both the IC assisted and pure Ohmic breakdown, the initial current rise rate is found to scale with

n
e

/

E

loop

. The results and implications for ITER are presented.
Surface production of negative deuterium ions from plasma-exposed boron doped diamond and graphite: work function measurements using photoemission yield spectroscopy
Authors: Magee Ryan , Maurice Brandan , Demiane Joey , layet Jean-Marc , Gans Timo , Dedrick James P , Cartry Gilles
Published: July 2023

Negative-ion sources are of considerable interest for applications such as materials processing and neutral beam injection for magnetic confinement fusion. The efficient production of negative ions in these sources often relies on surface production. Work function measurements are critical to enable a detailed understanding of the mechanisms that underpin this. In this study we used a combination of photoemission yield spectroscopy and the Fowler method to determine the work functions of boron doped diamond (BDD) and highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) directly after exposure to a low-pressure inductively coupled deuterium plasma (150 W, 2 Pa). A magnetised retarding field energy analyser is used to measure the negative ion current from the samples. During plasma exposure, samples are biased at −130 V or −60 V and their temperature is varied between 50 ∘C and 750 ∘C. The results show that the increasing work function of the plasma exposed HOPG occurs over the same sample temperature range as the decreasing negative-ion current. In contrast, the work function of BDD does not show a clear relationship with negative-ion current, suggesting that different mechanisms influence the negative-ion production of metal-like HOPG and dielectric-like BDD. The necessity for an additional fitting parameter for the Fowler fits to BDD suggests that its electronic properties are changing under plasma exposure, unlike HOPG. For both materials, the maximum photocurrent measured from the samples displays a strong similarity with negative-ion current, suggesting they are driven by a common mechanism. The in-situ measurement of the work function using non-invasive techniques is of interest for the development of negative ion sources.
Fabrication and performance of Nb3Sn superconducting joints
Authors: Sun Wanshuo , Wang Lei , Chen Shunzhong , Cheng Junsheng , Wang Qiuliang
Published: July 2023

Nb3Sn superconducting joints were developed, and the joint characteristics were investigated. The joints were prepared by powder metallurgy to sinter the precursor powders that were mechanically alloyed. The optimized parameters were confirmed through x-ray diffraction studies to confirm the stoichiometry of Nb, Sn, and Cu. First, the precursor powders after mechanical alloying were heat treated without the Nb3Sn wires. Electron backscatter diffraction was used to quantify the crystal morphology, phase distribution, grain boundaries, physical grain orientation, and so on. Small equiaxed Nb3Sn grains were formed after heat treatment. The high-angle grain boundaries in Nb3Sn indicated the complete solid-state diffusion reaction. After the Nb3Sn was successfully prepared, and the superconducting characteristics were measured, we introduce the Nb3Sn wires to prepare Nb3Sn joints and measure their electrical properties. To use the space as economically as possible, the joint was tested under different background fields to estimate the joint resistance under various locations in the magnet. The experimental method and the test results are reported in this work. The joint resistance was tested by using the current decay measure method. The electrical resistance of the Nb3Sn–Nb3Sn joints was on the 10−13 Ω level under the 5.5 T magnetic field.
A general method for generating multi-scroll and multi-wing chaotic systems and its implementation of attractor reproduction
Authors: He Ping , Liu Hongwei , Li Guodong , Xu Xiangliang , Gu Yujuan
Published: July 2023

In comparison to traditional chaotic systems, the multi-scroll and multi-wing chaotic systems are more complicated. The design and execution of sophisticated multi-scroll or multi-wing chaotic attractors attract a lot of attention. However, these constructed nonlinear functions cannot be applied to extended multi-scroll and multi-wing attractors at the same time. To this end, this paper proposes a new function which can be used to generate multi-scroll and multi-wing chaotic attractors in both double-scroll and double-wing chaotic systems. Using this function, multi-scroll and multi-wing chaotic systems can be constructed directly without relying on whether the chaotic system has some symmetry (odd symmetry or even symmetry). The construction method presented is generally applicable to chaotic systems with multi-scroll and multi-wing self-excited attractors.The main point of this method is as follows: firstly, the piecewise linear (PWL) saturation function is nested within the cosine nonlinearity function , and the resulting nested COS-PWL function. Secondly, to enable the expansion of multi-wing and multi-scroll, the nested COS-PWL function is incorporated into the double-wing and double-scroll systems in different manners. The maximum Lyapunov exponent (MLE) and the bifurcation diagram route for increasing the number of wings and scrolls confirm the feasibility and effectiveness of the method. Finally, the three-element method is used to determine a Sinusoidal function, which can generate attractor self-reproduction in the corresponding dimension by replacing the state variables of the multi-scroll and multi-wing systems, so that an infinite number of coexisting attractors can be obtained by simply changing the initial values of the variables, i.e., multiple stability can be generated.
Geometric spin Hall effect and polarization-dependent transformations in the oblique section of a paraxial light beam
Authors: Bekshaev A Y , Ternovsky V B
Published: July 2023

The spatial structure of light beams is usually considered in the transverse cross sections but supplementary analysis of the field pattern across an oblique plane may disclose additional details of the internal beam structure and energy flow distributions. Their manifestations are known as ‘geometric spin Hall effect of light’ (gSHEL). We analyze the ‘practical’ gSHEL scheme in which the light energy distribution is registered by a detector whose input plane is inclined with respect to the propagation axis. Based on the vector beam model and using the formalism of optical Wigner matrices, we find that the oblique-plane energy distribution differs from that observed in the transverse cross section. This difference is associated with the azimuthal energy circulation and the orbital angular momentum (AM) of the beam; it can be expressed as the lateral shift of the mean-weighted beam position (beam centroid). The similar effect can be observed in elliptically polarized beams without orbital AM: there, the oblique-section projection reveals a specific asymmetry induced by the spin AM in the longitudinal field components of such beams. The polarization-induced oblique-section beam shift is rather weak in paraxial approximation but can be observable if the light-detecting procedure is selectively sensitive to the longitudinal optical-field component.
A novel approach for numerical treatment of traveling wave solution of ion acoustic waves as a fractional nonlinear evolution equation on Shehu transform environment
Authors: Jena Saumya Ranjan , Sahu Itishree
Published: July 2023

In this paper, we develop and employ an efficient numerical technique for traveling wave solution of the Time Fractional Zakharov-Kuznetsov (TFZK) equation, also known as the nonlinear evolution equation, using the Modified Adomian Decomposition Approach (MADA) in collaboration with the cubic order convergence of the Newton-Raphson method (also known as the improvised Newton-Raphson method) on the Shehu Transform environment (STE). In the current study, the time fractional Caputo-Fabrizio Derivative (CFD) is used in singular and non-singular kernel derivatives to address the influence of fractional parameters. Some of the current numerical and analytical results are displayed utilizing 3D plots, while others are depicted in the form of a legend 2D plots for comparison. To validate the robustness of the current approach, the uniqueness, stability, and convergence analyses are described. The current result is compared to the analytical solution as well as previous solutions in order to demonstrate the efficiency of our suggested technique.
Continuous-wave operation of Si-based 1.31 μm InAs/GaAs quantum-dot laser grown by molecular beam epitaxy
Authors: Du Antian , Cao Chunfang , Han Shixian , Wang Hailong , Gong Qian
Published: July 2023

Excellent performance III-V quantum-dot (QD) lasers grown on Si substrates by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) are the most promising candidates for commercially viable Si-based lasers. This makes coveted chip-to-chip and system-to-system optical interconnections feasible. This paper reports the realization of high performance 1.31 μm InAs/GaAs QD lasers on a Si substrate with all-MBE The transition from Si to GaAs was realized using Ge as the intermediary layer, and the InAs/GaAs QD laser structure was grown on the GaAs/Ge buffer. Under continuous wave (CW) operation mode, a low threshold current density of 375 A cm−2, high output power of 63 mW, and high operating temperature of 80 °C, have been achieved using Si-based InAs QD lasers with a narrow ridge structure. It has great potential for application in the development of Si-based photonic integration circuits.
Lattice Boltzmann simulation of natural convection of ethylene glycol-alumina nanofluid in a C-shaped enclosure with MFD viscosity through a parallel computing platform and quantitative parametric assessment
Authors: Anee Meratun Junnut , Siddiqa Sadia , Hasan Md Farhad , Molla Md Mamun
Published: July 2023

There has been a strong interest to design and optimise thermally efficient heating and cooling equipment. The conventional fluids such as oil and water have limited thermal efficiency. Therefore, researchers have been seeking alternatives to the conventional fluids to improve the efficacy of heat exchanging and electronic cooling devices and nanofluid has been identified as a great option in this regard. Although nanofluid is a great alternative, certain specifications, geometries, and pertinent parameters need to be thoroughly investigated for a comprehensive understanding with the aid of robust computational technique. The aim of this study was to investigate the multiple-relaxation-time (MRT) lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) to numerically analyse the effects of magnetic field dependent (MFD) viscosity on the natural convection of ethylene glycol (C2H6O2)-alumina (Al2O3) nanofluid in a side heated two-dimensional C-shaped enclosure using graphics processing unit (GPU) by a computing unified device architecture (CUDA) C parallel computing platform. Numerical simulations were performed at multifarious Rayleigh numbers, Hartmann numbers, and the different magnetic field inclination angles to study the heat transfer and various flow patterns under magnetic field-dependent (MFD) viscosity, solutions were presented by varying volume fraction of nanoparticles, Rayleigh numbers, viscous parameters, magnetic inclination angles, and Hartman numbers on streamlines, isotherms, local and average Nusselt number and temperature. Further correlation developments were conducted through Levenberg-Marquardt data-driven algorithm to investigate the influence of all the parameters on average Nusselt numbers, entropy generation, and fluid irreversibility parameter. The findings demonstrated that as the Rayleigh numbers augmented, the average Nusselt number increased significantly due to the influence of buoyancy, whereas under the influence of Hartmann numbers, average Nusselt numbers decreased due to the dominance of magnetic field strength and Lorentz force. However, the heat transfer continued to improve if the concentration of the nanoparticles increased, thus showcasing the importance of hybrid nanofluid. In addition, the entropy generation impact across the cavity for the ethylene glycol-alumina nanofluid was greatly enhanced by a stronger buoyancy influence.
La0.6X0.1Te0.3MnO3 system with significant refrigerant capacity at low magnetic field and double magnetic entropy change peaks: effect of ball-milling time on physical and critical behaviors
Authors: Hamdi R , Smari M , Bajorek A , Hayek S S , Dhahri E , Haik Y
Published: July 2023

We have investigated the ball-milling time effect on different physical properties of La0.6X0.1Te0.3MnO3 (X is a lacuna) system (LT) milled for 1 h (LT-1h), 3 h (LT-3h), and 6 h (LT-6h). According to Williamson-Hall method, as the ball-milling duration is increased, the material’s crystallite size decreases from approximately 145 to 99 nm for LT-1h and LT-6h, respectively. Electronic study was also investigated. The Zero-Field-Cooling and Field-Cooling (ZFC/FC) magnetization measurements illustrated that all the systems are presenting a ferromagnetic to paramagnetic phase transition around Curie temperature (TC). This transition is around 176, 182, and 183 K accompanied by a decrease in the magnitude in both ZFC and FC data. Thus, increasing the ball-milling time of the sample leads to the elevation of TC and does not enhance the magnitude of the magnetization the fact that it affects the magnetic interactions between atoms. By increasing the ball-milling duration, the proportion of homogeneity is increased, and the material becomes slightly more resilient, according to the Curie-Weiss law. Additionally, it is accompanied with an increase in coercivity and a decrease in the saturation magnetization and remanence. Based on the AC-susceptibility, raising the ball-milling time facilitates the appearance of a spin-glass (SG) state. The relative cooling power (RCP) value in the LT-1h sample at 2 T is 108% (211.758 J kg−1) compared to that of the Gd at 2 T. Consequently, the LT sample could be a permanent magnet in a magnetic refrigerator. Noting that raising the ball-milling time weakens the RCP. Both LT-1h and LT-3h systems are belonging to the tricritical mean field model. However, for LT-6h, the model changed and the best one became the 3D-Ising model. Hence, the ball-milling time influences also the universality class.
Scaling of inter-pore spacing of lotus-type pores
Authors: Wei P S , Luo C W , Hsieh I-C
Published: July 2023

The present study is to scale the inter-pore spacing and bubble radius required for controlling the porosity of the lotus-type pores in the solid during a unidirectional solidification. The porosity in solid degrade properties of material in welding, casting and additive manufacturing, etc. On the other hand, the ordered cylindrical pores in the material are often used to improve the functional properties, such as the tensile and compression stresses, the impact and acoustic energy absorption, the permeability, and the thermal and electrical conductivity, etc. Different from the traditional minimum undercooling criterion to estimate the porosity and size of lotus-type pores, this study relevantly combines the Gibbs-Thomson equation, the Young-Laplace equation, the nucleation theory, and the Henry’s law or Sieverts’ law to scale the inter-pore spacing and the critical radius of the lotus-type pores, which are considered as the same order of the wavelength and the amplitude of the morphological instability of the solidification front, respectively. This work revises the minimum undercooling criterion which ignores the nucleating bubble on the solidification front, and conducts irrelevant evaluation of the curvature of the solidification front. The present work finds the revised scaling results and available experimental data to be in good agreement. The sizes of the pores and the porosity in the solid can be successfully controlled in advance.
Detecting dark compact objects in Gaia DR4:
A data analysis pipeline for transient astrometric lensing searches
Authors: Chen I-Kai , Kongsore Marius , Tilburg Ken Van
Published: July 2023

The Gaia satellite is cataloging the astrometric properties of an unprecedented
number of stars in the Milky Way with extraordinary precision. This provides a gateway for
conducting extensive surveys of transient astrometric lensing events caused by dark compact
objects. In this work, we establish a data analysis pipeline capable of searching for such events
in the upcoming Gaia Data Release 4 (DR4). We use Gaia Early Data Release 3
(EDR3) and current dark matter and astrophysical black hole population models to create mock DR4
catalogs containing stellar trajectories perturbed by lensing. Our analysis of these mock catalogs
suggests that Gaia DR4 will contain about 4 astrometric lensing events from astrophysical
black holes at a 5σ significance level. Furthermore, we project that our data analysis
pipeline applied to Gaia DR4 will result in leading constraints on compact dark matter in
the mass range 1–103 M
⊙ down to a dark matter fraction of about one percent.
Time evolution of temporal, spatial and spectral distribution of high-energy electron radiation in intense laser pulses
Authors: Sun Shichen , Shen Tong , Tian Youwei
Published: July 2023

To study the time evolution of high-energy electron radiation in circularly polarized intense laser pulses in detail, a model of the interaction between the high-energy single electron and intense laser pulses is constructed based on the Lagrangian equation and the electron energy equation. Through simulation, this article vividly displays the evolution process of radiation in the spatial, frequency and time domain. By modulating the interaction time between the laser and electron and referring to the spatial distribution image of energy, the value and direction of the maximum radiation energy per unit solid angle are calculated. In addition, in specific directions, this paper discusses the effects of interaction duration on the energy frequency distribution and the power variation pattern. The results prove that the maximum radiation energy per unit solid angle will appear when the interaction time comes to about 450 fs, which is also the boundary moment when the frequency and time spectrum no longer change obviously. Therefore, by modifying the duration of the electron–laser interaction, it is possible to produce the electron radiation with desired characteristics more precisely.
Methods for automated delineation and assessment of EMG responses evoked by peripheral nerve stimulation in diagnostic and closed-loop therapeutic applications
Authors: McKinnon Michael L , Hill N Jeremy , Carp Jonathan S , Dellenbach Blair , Thompson Aiko K
Published: July 2023

Objective. Surface electromyography measurements of the Hoffmann (H-) reflex are essential in a wide range of neuroscientific and clinical applications. One promising emerging therapeutic application is H-reflex operant conditioning, whereby a person is trained to modulate the H-reflex, with generalized beneficial effects on sensorimotor function in chronic neuromuscular disorders. Both traditional diagnostic and novel realtime therapeutic applications rely on accurate definitions of the H-reflex and M-wave temporal bounds, which currently depend on expert case-by-case judgment. The current study automates such judgments. Approach. Our novel wavelet-based algorithm automatically determines temporal extent and amplitude of the human soleus H-reflex and M-wave. In each of 20 participants, the algorithm was trained on data from a preliminary 3 or 4 min recruitment-curve measurement. Output was evaluated on parametric fits to subsequent sessions’ recruitment curves (92 curves across all participants) and on the conditioning protocol’s subsequent baseline trials (∼1200 per participant) performed near H
max. Results were compared against the original temporal bounds estimated at the time, and against retrospective estimates made by an expert 6 years later. Main results. Automatic bounds agreed well with manual estimates: 95% lay within ±2.5 ms. The resulting H-reflex magnitude estimates showed excellent agreement (97.5% average across participants) between automatic and retrospective bounds regarding which trials would be considered successful for operant conditioning. Recruitment-curve parameters also agreed well between automatic and manual methods: 95% of the automatic estimates of the current required to elicit H
max fell within

±
1.4
%

of the retrospective estimate; for the ‘threshold’ current that produced an M-wave 10% of maximum, this value was

±
3.5
%

. Significance. Such dependable automation of M-wave and H-reflex definition should make both established and emerging H-reflex protocols considerably less vulnerable to inter-personnel variability and human error, increasing translational potential.
Conference Report on the 7th International Symposium on Liquid metals Applications for fusion (ISLA-7)
Authors: Hirooka Y. , de Castro A. , Goto T. , Maingi R. , Morgan T.W. , Ono M. , Shimada M.
Published: July 2023

Supported by the world magnetic fusion research community, a series of International Symposia on Liquid metals Applications for fusion (ISLA) have been held biannually since 2010. The 7th edition (ISLA-7) was held for the period from 12 December through 16 December 2022, at Chubu University located in Kasugai, Aichi, Japan. For the first time in the history of this series of symposia, ISLA-7 was held in a hybrid fashion, due to the COVID-19 situation. The total number of the participants was 60, 34 out of whom attended the symposium in person, and the rest participated online. As to the presentation statistics, 29 papers were presented in person, whereas 21 presentations were delivered online but real-time by the presenters in China, Spain, the UK, and the USA. Both of the presentations delivered in person and online were recorded, and the video has been shared by all participants. These participants represent 11 countries: China, Czech, Italy, Japan, Latvia, Netherlands, Russia, Thailand, the UK, and the USA. All these numbers are among the largest in this series of symposia. Covered by these presentations are; in session-2, program overviews and liquid metal research review; in session-3, liquid metal flows, and MHD issues; in session-4, liquid metal facilities; in sessions-5 and 6, liquid metal experiments and modeling; in session-7, divertor physics and heat flux mitigation; in session-8, plasma and liquid metals interactions; in session-9 liquid metal plasma-facing components, erosion, and wettability. In addition, there were an opening session whereby several opening addresses were delivered and also a closing session where all technical session summaries were presented by the respective session chairs.
Development of Information System for Evaluation of Work and Prediction of Countermeasures for Problems in Assembly Work
Authors: Kobayashi Hayata , Arakawa Masahiro
Published: July 2023

In this study, we develop an information system to evaluate work and predict countermeasures for resolving problems to continuously promote the work process and design in parts assembly work. The information system is constructed using a subsystem including image processing to detect the locations of the tips and joints of the fingers of a worker’s hands and the locations of parts. To predict the problems and generate countermeasures to resolve the challenges, three types of data structures are constructed and they are connected related to works, evaluation values, the causes of the problems, and the countermeasures for problems in the works. We explain the characteristics of the developed system and perform the system in the actual assembly process to evaluate the system’s effectiveness.
Evaluation of plastic scintillating fibers coating technique for muon imaging detector using a Compton-coincidence-technique system
Authors: Feng Meichan , Li Daowu , Fan Xingming , Zhai Jiajia , Cai Zhiyan , Zhu Meiling , Tang Haohui , Wang Yingjie , Huang Xianchao , Zhang Zhiming , Wei Long
Published: July 2023

This study is devoted to studying the performance of plastic
scintillating fibers (PSFs) for a high-position-resolution muon
imaging detector. A test system based on the Compton coincidence
technique is designed to study the light collection of the
PSFs. When Compton scattering occurs between the PSFs and gamma ray
emitted by the collimated radioactive source, the PSF detector has
detected the definite energy of recoiled electrons, and the
coincidence detector has detected the energy of scattered
photons. Four groups of PSFs were tested, three of which were
wrapped with the Enhanced Specular Reflector (ESR) in different
ways. The experimental results show that the light collection of the
PSF detector can be increased by wrapping the PSFs with ESR and
leaving an air gap between the PSF and the ESR. Meanwhile, the light
collection is increased while the position where Compton scattering
occurs in the PSF is closer to the silicon photomultiplier
(SiPM). This study provides a method for measuring the light
collection in narrow PSFs. In conclusion, the presence and fine
wrapping of the ESR ensure the isolation and position accuracy in
the arrays of PSFs.
Mean-field theory is exact for Ising spin glass models with Kac potential in non-additive limit on Nishimori line
Authors: Okuyama Manaka , Ohzeki Masayuki
Published: July 2023

Recently, Mori (2011 Phys. Rev. E 84 031128) has conjectured that the free energy of Ising spin glass models with the Kac potential in the non-additive limit, such as the power-law potential in the non-additive regime, is exactly equal to that of the Sherrington–Kirkpatrick model in the thermodynamic limit. In this study, we prove that his conjecture is true on the Nishimori line at any temperature in any dimension. One of the key ingredients of the proof is the use of the Gibbs–Bogoliubov inequality on the Nishimori line. We also consider the case in which the probability distribution of the interaction is symmetric, where his conjecture is true at any temperature in one dimension but is an open problem in the low-temperature regime in two or more dimensions.
Identification of both orbital angular momentum and radial mode based on multiplexing holography
Authors: Zhang Furong , Kong Ling-Jun , Zhang Zhuo , Zhang Jingfeng , Zhang Xiangdong
Published: July 2023

In recent years, the azimuthal mode, also known as orbital angular momentum (OAM), and the radial mode of Laguerre Gaussian (LG) beams have been applied in many disparate areas of physics. Identification of these modes is a basic technique for these applications. Although there are many recognition methods, each has its own problems. Either it can only be used to distinguish OAM modes or radial modes, or the number of modes that can be distinguished is too small, or the operation is too complex. So, a great challenge is to design a method that is not only simple, but also applicable to the identification of both OAM and radial modes with high dimension. Here, by introducing strong mode selectivity, we propose a convenient method for the identification of OAM and radial modes based on multiplexing holography. In our method, only a single hologram is needed. Experiments on the identification of 100 OAM modes (l = −50, −49, …, +49, +50) have been carried out to demonstrate the feasibility of our design. Additionally, our method is also applicable for the identification of radial modes, and then to the identification of LG modes. In experiment, we have realized the identification of 8 radial modes (p = 1, 2, 3, …, 8) and 120 LG modes (p = 1, 3, 5, and l = −20, −19, …, +20). Our method should have important applications in high-capacity optical communication based on OAM modes, radial modes, or LG modes.
Combinations of orbital angular momentum in two degenerate four-wave mixing processes in Rb vapor
Authors: da Motta M R L , Almeida A A C de , Vianna S S
Published: July 2023

We present experimental measurements showing the combination of the orbital angular momentum (OAM) content of incident light beams in two distinct processes of degenerate four-wave mixing induced in hot rubidium vapor. These two processes, driven by the same fields, must satisfy distinct topological charge (TC) selection rules, which impose OAM conservation. These selection rules are readily obtained from the so-called overlap integral of the incident beams and allow us to control the relations between the two nonlinear signals, in particular, to characterize the conditions to obtain the two signals with symmetric or anti-symmetric TCs. The tilted lens method was employed to measure the OAM content of the output fields. We also discuss the transition from the near- to the far-field distributions of the generated signals.
Magnetocaloric properties of shape-dependent nanostructured Gd2O3 oxide particles
Authors: Neupane Dipesh , Casey Jacob , Sultana Jolaikha , Pathak Arjun K , Karna Sunil , Pollard Shawn , Mishra Sanjay R
Published: July 2023

Single-phase Gd2O3 nanostructures with different morphologies, such as nanoparticles, nanorods, nanospheres, and nanoplates, were synthesised. Gd2O3 1D nanorods and 2D nanoplate architectures were prepared via the hydrothermal method, while 3D hollow nanospheres were synthesised via homogeneous precipitation. The magnetic and magnetocaloric properties of Gd2O3 nanostructured particles were studied as functions of temperature and field. The material demonstrated typical paramagnetic behaviour in the measured temperature range of 3–300 K. The magnetic entropy change (−ΔS

M
) was determined from the magnetic isotherms measured in the 3–38 K temperature range in the field up to 5 T. The maximum change in magnetic entropy

Δ

S

M

max

value 11.2 J kg−1 K−1 for the nanoplate, 9.4 J kg−1 K−1 for the nanorod, 9.2 J kg−1 K−1 for the nanosphere, and 10.7 J kg−1 K−1 for the nanoparticle sample was observed at temperature 5 K for the magnetic field of 5 T. Owing to large

Δ

S

M

max

,

these Gd2O3 nanostructured particles would be considered promising materials for magnetic refrigeration at cryogenic temperatures.
Isolation and Identification of bacteria from the agricultural soil samples to tolerate pesticides dimethoate, thiamethoxam and Imidacloprid
Authors: J Jayaraj , S Shibila , S Mathan Kumar , Ramaiah Mariselvam , Alahmadi Tahani Awad , Alharbi Sulaiman Ali , Mideen Ponnani Kaja , K Sakthiganesh , Sivagnanam Ananthi
Published: July 2023

In the current study, bacteria from agricultural soil systems that have been polluted with pesticides were isolated, identified, and their ability to tolerate pesticides was examined. Target bacterial species were isolated from Psidium guajava (L) and Abelmoschus esculentus (L) cultivating an agriculture field. From 10 distinct soil samples collected from an agricultural field, 27 bacterial species were extracted, and the capacity of these microorganisms to withstand pesticides was examined. Only three bacterial species (PRB-S1P2, PRB-S1P3, and PRB-S6P1) are capable to grow on Nutrient agar medium with different concentration of pesticides dimethoate, Thiamethoxam and Imidacloprid. Apart from these three, one bacterial species were highly tolerant to all test pesticides. The highest pesticide tolerant bacteria are Pseudomonas nitroreducens was identified through 16s rRNA sequencing and the sequences were submitted to the NCBI with the accession No: ON624333.1. Hence, the bacteria can be subjected to further study of its use in the field of bioremediation.
The effects of topological features on convolutional neural networks—an explanatory analysis via Grad-CAM
Authors: Lee Dongjin , Lee Seong-Heon , Jung Jae-Hun
Published: July 2023

Topological data analysis (TDA) characterizes the global structure of data based on topological invariants such as persistent homology, whereas convolutional neural networks (CNNs) are capable of characterizing local features in the global structure of the data. In contrast, a combined model of TDA and CNN, a family of multimodal networks, simultaneously takes the image and the corresponding topological features as the input to the network for classification, thereby significantly improving the performance of a single CNN. This innovative approach has been recently successful in various applications. However, there is a lack of explanation regarding how and why topological signatures, when combined with a CNN, improve discriminative power. In this paper, we use persistent homology to compute topological features and subsequently demonstrate both qualitatively and quantitatively the effects of topological signatures on a CNN model, for which the Grad-CAM analysis of multimodal networks and topological inverse image map are proposed and appropriately utilized. For experimental validation, we utilize two famous datasets: the transient versus bogus image dataset and the HAM10000 dataset. Using Grad-CAM analysis of multimodal networks, we demonstrate that topological features enforce the image network of a CNN to focus more on significant and meaningful regions across images rather than task-irrelevant artifacts such as background noise and texture.
Symmetric cubic laminations
Authors: Blokh Alexander , Oversteegen Lex , Selinger Nikita , Timorin Vladlen , Vejandla Sandeep
Published: July 2023

To investigate the degree

d
d

connectedness locus, Thurston [On the geometry and dynamics of iterated rational maps, Complex Dynamics, A K Peters, Wellesley, MA, 2009, pp. 3–137] studied

σ
d

\sigma _d

-invariant laminations, where

σ
d

\sigma _d

is the

d
d

-tupling map on the unit circle, and built a topological model for the space of quadratic polynomials

f
(
z
)
=

z
2

+
c

f(z) = z^2 +c

. In the spirit of Thurston’s work, we consider the space of all cubic symmetric polynomials

f
λ

(
z
)
=

z
3

+

λ
2

z

f_\lambda (z)=z^3+\lambda ^2 z

in a series of three articles. In the present paper, the first in the series, we construct a lamination

C
s

C
L

C_sCL

together with the induced factor space

S

/

C
s

C
L

\mathbb {S}/C_sCL

of the unit circle

S

\mathbb {S}

. As will be verified in the third paper of the series,

S

/

C
s

C
L

\mathbb {S}/C_sCL

is a monotone model of the cubic symmetric connectedness locus, i.e. the space of all cubic symmetric polynomials with connected Julia sets.
Meiosis II spindle disassembly requires two distinct pathways
Authors: Seitz Brian C. , Mucelli Xheni , Majano Maira , Wallis Zoey , Dodge Ashley C. , Carmona Catherine , Durant Matthew , Maynard Sharra , Huang Linda S.
Published: July 2023

AMA1 and SPS1 control distinct aspects of meiosis II spindle disassembly, with AMA1 affecting the loss of Ase1 and Cin8 during meiosis II spindle disassembly, while SPS1 affects Bim1. The Anaphase Promoting Complex and meiotic/mitotic exit pathways seem to regulate similar targets in meiosis as mitosis, despite utilizing meiosis-specific regulators in those pathways.
Patterns of Electoral Violence During Côte D’Ivoire’s Third-Term Crisis
Authors: van Baalen Sebastian , Gbala Abel
Published: July 2023

Almost a decade after the 2011 post-electoral crisis, Côte d’Ivoire once again held elections marred by widespread violence. The third-term crisis revolved around President Alassane Ouattara’s controversial third-term bid and left at least 83 people dead and 633 people injured. This briefing draws on a new electoral violence dataset and field research to unpack patterns of violence during the crisis, and disentangles disruptive electoral violence related to the opposition’s campaign to thwart the election from incidental electoral violence related to the overall electoral tension. The findings show that incidental violence was far deadlier than disruptive violence, yet only tenuously related to the national political divide. This incidental violence was often driven by pre-existing local resource conflicts, revenge, rumours and disinformation, and elite manipulation. The briefing contributes new knowledge on the local drivers of electoral violence in Côte d’Ivoire, and cautions that viewing local communities only as victims of elite rivalries can make decision-makers overlook important risk factors.
Examining the Relationship Between Multilevel Resilience Resources and Cardiovascular Disease Incidence, Overall and by Psychosocial Risks, Among Participants in the Jackson Heart Study, the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis, and the Mediators of Atherosclerosis in South Asians Living in America (MASALA) Study
Authors: Park Jee Won , Dulin Akilah J , Scarpaci Matthew M , Dionne Laura A , Needham Belinda L , Sims Mario , Kanaya Alka M , Kandula Namratha R , Loucks Eric B , Fava Joseph L , Eaton Charles B , Howe Chanelle J
Published: July 2023

We examined relationships between resilience resources (optimism, social support, and neighborhood social cohesion) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) incidence and assessed potential effect-measure modification by psychosocial risk factors (e.g., stress, depression) among adults without CVD in 3 cohort studies (2000–2018): the Jackson Heart Study, the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis, and the Mediators of Atherosclerosis in South Asians Living in America (MASALA) Study. We fitted adjusted Cox models accounting for within-neighborhood clustering while censoring at dropout or non-CVD death. We assessed for effect-measure modification by psychosocial risks. In secondary analyses, we estimated standardized risk ratios using inverse-probability–weighted Aalen-Johansen estimators to account for confounding, dropout, and competing risks (non-CVD deaths) and obtained 95% confidence intervals (CIs) using cluster bootstrapping. For high and medium (versus low) optimism (n = 6,243), adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) for incident CVD were 0.94 (95% CI: 0.78, 1.13) and 0.90 (95% CI: 0.75, 1.07), respectively. Corresponding HRs were 0.88 (95% CI: 0.74, 1.04) and 0.92 (95% CI: 0.79, 1.06) for social support (n = 7,729) and 1.10 (95% CI: 0.94, 1.29) and 0.99 (95% CI: 0.85, 1.16) for social cohesion (n = 7,557), respectively. Some psychosocial risks modified CVD HRs. Secondary analyses yielded similar findings. For optimism and social support, an inverse relationship was frequently most compatible with the data, but a positive relationship was also compatible. For neighborhood social cohesion, positive and null relationships were most compatible. Thus, specific resilience resources may be potential intervention targets, especially among certain subgroups.
Collecting Big Data Through Citizen Science: Gamification and Game-based Approaches to Data Collection in Applied Linguistics
Authors: Kim Yoolim , Kogan Vita V , Zhang Cong
Published: July 2023

Gamification of behavioral experiments has been applied successfully to research in a number of disciplines, including linguistics. We believe that these methods have been underutilized in applied linguistics, in particular second-language acquisition research. The incorporation of games and gaming elements (gamification) in behavioral experiments has been shown to mitigate many of the practical constraints characteristic of lab settings, such as limited recruitment or only achieving small-scale data. However, such constraints are no longer an issue with gamified and game-based experiments, and as a result, data collection can occur remotely with greater ease and on a much wider scale, yielding data that are ecologically valid and robust. These methods enable the collection of data that are comparable in quality to the data collected in more traditional settings while engaging far more diverse participants with different language backgrounds that are more representative of the greater population. We highlight three successful applications of using games and gamification with applied linguistic experiments to illustrate the effectiveness of such approaches in a greater effort to invite other applied linguists to do the same.
Models of KPTN-related disorder implicate mTOR signalling in cognitive and overgrowth phenotypes
Authors: Levitin Maria O , Rawlins Lettie E , Sanchez-Andrade Gabriela , Arshad Osama A , Collins Stephan C , Sawiak Stephen J , Iffland Phillip H , Andersson Malin H L , Bupp Caleb , Cambridge Emma L , Coomber Eve L , Ellis Ian , Herkert Johanna C , Ironfield Holly , Jory Logan , Kretz Perrine F , Kant Sarina G , Neaverson Alexandra , Nibbeling Esther , Rowley Christine , Relton Emily , Sanderson Mark , Scott Ethan M , Stewart Helen , Shuen Andrew Y , Schreiber John , Tuck Liz , Tonks James , Terkelsen Thorkild , van Ravenswaaij-Arts Conny , Vasudevan Pradeep , Wenger Olivia , Wright Michael , Day Andrew , Hunter Adam , Patel Minal , Lelliott Christopher J , Crino Peter B , Yalcin Binnaz , Crosby Andrew H , Baple Emma L , Logan Darren W , Hurles Matthew E , Gerety Sebastian S
Published: July 2023

KPTN-related disorder is an autosomal recessive disorder associated with germline variants in KPTN (previously known as kaptin), a component of the mTOR regulatory complex KICSTOR. To gain further insights into the pathogenesis of KPTN-related disorder, we analysed mouse knockout and human stem cell KPTN loss-of-function models.

Kptn −/− mice display many of the key KPTN-related disorder phenotypes, including brain overgrowth, behavioural abnormalities, and cognitive deficits. By assessment of affected individuals, we have identified widespread cognitive deficits (n = 6) and postnatal onset of brain overgrowth (n = 19). By analysing head size data from their parents (n = 24), we have identified a previously unrecognized KPTN dosage-sensitivity, resulting in increased head circumference in heterozygous carriers of pathogenic KPTN variants.

Molecular and structural analysis of Kptn−/− mice revealed pathological changes, including differences in brain size, shape and cell numbers primarily due to abnormal postnatal brain development. Both the mouse and differentiated induced pluripotent stem cell models of the disorder display transcriptional and biochemical evidence for altered mTOR pathway signalling, supporting the role of KPTN in regulating mTORC1.

By treatment in our KPTN mouse model, we found that the increased mTOR signalling downstream of KPTN is rapamycin sensitive, highlighting possible therapeutic avenues with currently available mTOR inhibitors. These findings place KPTN-related disorder in the broader group of mTORC1-related disorders affecting brain structure, cognitive function and network integrity.
Experimental investigation of photovoltaic systems for performance improvement using water cooling
Authors: Attia Hussain , Hossin Khaled , Al Hazza Muataz
Published: July 2023

This research aims to analyse the comparative performance of two identical photovoltaic (PV) panels with load variations and integrating an automated water-cooling process under the climatic conditions of the United Arab Emirates. The work also presents the steps of system design, implementation and performance evaluation of the proposed PV system, and all electrical, control and mechanical components along with how they were integrated within a 100-W PV system. MATLAB®/Simulink® was used only to simulate the behaviours of the PV panel under wide ranges of incident sunlight and ambient temperature. The tests were performed for a day-long operation during a clear summer day. The experimental results demonstrate an improvement in the PV system performance compared with the uncooled system by ~1.6% in terms of total harvested energy using the proposed water-cooling process with a frequency of 2 minutes of cooling operation every 30 minutes during day hours.