bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Makro- und mikrostrukturelle Analysen von Einleitungen wissenschaftlicher Artikel aus dem Deutschen Ärzteblatt
Authors: Szurawitzki Michael , Eiglsperger Thomas
Published: November 2014

In the present paper, the introductions of articles from the academic medical journal
Early California Reconsidered
Authors: Sandos James A. , Sandos Patricia B.
Published: November 2014

David Weber was the leading scholar of the Spanish Borderlands in the late twentieth and early twenty-first century. Just before his death in 2010, Weber shared a rare interrogation he found in Mexico’s major archive with us. It concerned Jedediah Smith’s California incursion into the Central San Joaquín Valley in 1827–1828. Using digitized databases of Franciscan registers from Mission San José and Mission Santa Clara, we have decoded the interrogation and identified all the Indians questioned, as well as those mentioned in the document, by tribal origin and language affiliation. By lifting the veil of Indian anonymity, we were able to better understand the motivation behind each testimony allowing us to offer, for the first time in the literature, a look at the impact of Jedediah Smith’s expedition from an Indian perspective. Indian interaction (both tribal and Mission) with Mexican and American imperialism is central to understanding Smith’s disruptive impact in California.
Epithelial–stromal interaction via Notch signaling is essential for the full maturation of gut‐associated lymphoid tissues
Authors: Obata Yuuki , Kimura Shunsuke , Nakato Gaku , Iizuka Keito , Miyagawa Yurika , Nakamura Yutaka , Furusawa Yukihiro , Sugiyama Machiko , Suzuki Keiichiro , Ebisawa Masashi , Fujimura Yumiko , Yoshida Hisahiro , Iwanaga Toshihiko , Hase Koji , Ohno Hiroshi
Published: November 2014

Intrinsic Notch signaling in intestinal epithelial cells restricts secretory cell differentiation. In gut‐associated lymphoid tissue (GALT), stromal cells located beneath the follicle‐associated epithelium (FAE) abundantly express the Notch ligand delta‐like 1 (Dll1). Here, we show that mice lacking Rbpj—a gene encoding a transcription factor implicated in Notch signaling—in intestinal epithelial cells have defective GALT maturation. This defect can be attributed to the expansion of goblet cells, which leads to the down‐regulation of CCL20 in FAE. These data demonstrate that epithelial Notch signaling maintained by stromal cells contributes to the full maturation of GALT by restricting secretory cell differentiation in FAE.
Suppressing nonsense—a surprising function for 5‐azacytidine
Authors: Shao Ada , Wilkinson Miles F
Published: November 2014

In this issue of EMBO Molecular Medicine, Bhuvanagiri et al report on a chemical means to convert molecular junk into gold. They identify a chemical inhibitor of a quality control pathway that is best known for its ability to clear cells of rubbish, but that in certain cases can be detrimental because it eliminates “useful” garbage. The chemical inhibitor identified by Bhuvanagiri et al perturbs Nonsense‐Mediated RNA Decay (NMD), a RNA surveillance pathway that targets mRNAs harboring premature termination codons (PTCs) for degradation (Kervestin & Jacobson, ).
Polymorphisms of cell cycle control genes influence the development of sporadic medullary thyroid carcinoma
Authors: Barbieri R B , Bufalo N E , Secolin R , Assumpção L V M , Maciel R M B , Cerutti J M , Ward L S
Published: November 2014

Background

The role of key cell cycle regulation genes such as, CDKN1B, CDKN2A, CDKN2B, and CDKN2C in sporadic medullary thyroid carcinoma (s-MTC) is still largely unknown.

Methods

In order to evaluate the influence of inherited polymorphisms of these genes on the pathogenesis of s-MTC, we used TaqMan SNP genotyping to examine 45 s-MTC patients carefully matched with 98 controls.

Results

A multivariate logistic regression analysis demonstrated that CDKN1B and CDKN2A genes were related to s-MTC susceptibility. The rs2066827*GT+GG CDKN1B genotype was more frequent in s-MTC patients (62.22%) than in controls (40.21%), increasing the susceptibility to s-MTC (OR=2.47; 95% CI=1.048–5.833; P=0.038). By contrast, the rs11515*CG+GG of CDKN2A gene was more frequent in the controls (32.65%) than in patients (15.56%), reducing the risk for s-MTC (OR=0.174; 95% CI=0.048–0.627; P=0.0075). A stepwise regression analysis indicated that two genotypes together could explain 11% of the total s-MTC risk. In addition, a relationship was found between disease progression and the presence of alterations in the CDKN1A (rs1801270), CDKN2C (rs12885), and CDKN2B (rs1063192) genes. WT rs1801270 CDKN1A patients presented extrathyroidal tumor extension more frequently (92%) than polymorphic CDKN1A rs1801270 patients (50%; P=0.0376). Patients with the WT CDKN2C gene (rs12885) presented larger tumors (2.9±1.8 cm) than polymorphic patients (1.5±0.7 cm; P=0.0324). On the other hand, patients with the polymorphic CDKN2B gene (rs1063192) presented distant metastases (36.3%; P=0.0261).

Conclusion

In summary, we demonstrated that CDKN1B and CDKN2A genes are associated with susceptibility, whereas the inherited genetic profile of CDKN1A, CDKN2B, and CDKN2C is associated with aggressive features of tumors. This study suggests that profiling cell cycle genes may help define the risk and characterize s-MTC aggressiveness.
Publication Trends in Model Organism Research
Authors: Dietrich Michael R , Ankeny Rachel A , Chen Patrick M
Published: November 2014

In 1990, the National Institutes of Health (NIH) gave some organisms special status as designated model organisms. This article documents publication trends for these NIH-designated model organisms over the past 40 years. We find that being designated a model organism by the NIH does not guarantee an increasing publication trend. An analysis of model and nonmodel organisms included in GENETICS since 1960 does reveal a sharp decline in the number of publications using nonmodel organisms yet no decline in the overall species diversity. We suggest that organisms with successful publication records tend to share critical characteristics, such as being well developed as standardized, experimental systems and being used by well-organized communities with good networks of exchange and methods of communication.
Development of motive skills of students while making underarm pass during playing volleyball
Authors: Zhula V.P.
Published: November 2014

Purpose: The effect of the experimental procedure on the development of motor abilities of students in the course of employment volleyball. Material : The experiment involved 80 students of the Faculty of Physical Education. Results : Studies have shown that when passing the ball with two hands at the bottom of the students there is a certain dynamic changes in the structure of support interactions, which is expressed by the increase of biodynamic and time indicators on 8.19% of the students in the control group and 16.17% of the students in the experimental group. The technique allowed tenzodynamometry qualitatively assess the level of development of motor abilities of students in performing the ball with two hands at the bottom. Determine the validity of the growth of average indicators support reactions of the body of students in the experimental group when the transfer of the ball with two hands at the bottom. Conclusions : Recommended every lesson during warmup volleyball include special exercises, tasks are executed sequentially, with a gradual increase in load as the assimilation of motor actions, use the methods of biomechanical control.
Construction of training proсess of tennis players aged 5-6 years, taking into account the specifics of the development and control of their coordination skills
Authors: Kozak A. M. , Ibraimova M. V.
Published: November 2014

Purpose: Presented results of the research to determine the features of the construction of the training process for young tennis players aged 5-6 years, in particular the specific application of pedagogical testing to test the level of development of their coordination skills. Material: The survey was attended by 30 experts. Results: Established that bigger part of coaches build the training process at the initial stage of preparation on the basis of the game approach and apply a program of the International Tennis Federation "Play and stay". About two-thirds of the coaches do not carry out a selection of tennis players aged 5-6 or make it only in individual cases. To assess the level of development of motor abilities are equally important coaches define pedagogical supervision and pedagogical testing. A significant proportion of respondents (43%) previously had experience in assessing motor abilities of tennis players 5-6 years by mean of pedagogical tests. Conclusions: Overwhelming majority of coaches support the idea of having to modify the tests in accordance with the age characterristics of tennis players aged 5-6 years and expediency of complex assessment of the level of development of their coordination skills.
Pedagogical aspects of effective use of simulator "Straps with ring" during the formation motor skills of pupils of 10 classes during the skiing training in the lessons of physical culture
Authors: Lazarenko M.G.
Published: November 2014

Purpose : to develop a system of ski training exercises using a functional simulator at physical training lessons. Material : The study took 90 young men attended 10 class. To determine the level of formation of motor skills of pupils were tested on 7 indicators: skiing skating style 5 km; skiing classic style 3 km; pulling up on the bar; long jump with space, running 60 meters, running 3 miles, 4x9 meters shuttle run. A year after the first experiment was conducted a second experiment. Results : The developed and adapted to the physical education class simulator exercises which compounded the gravity load and moving straps with rings. The test results confirmed that the proposed method makes it possible to more effectively shape the motor skills of pupils in the process of ski training at physical training lessons. Conclusions : It is recommended to the lessons of physical training on use of ski training complex of 22 exercises that will most effectively influence the formation of motor skills of pupils.
Locomotor activity of professional football referees
Authors: Manilo Y.V.
Published: November 2014

Purpose : To study the structure of the motor activity of foreign (European) football referees qualifications and Ukrainian arbitrators (Premier League, the first, second league). The objectives of the study was to determine the amount and direction of the motor activity of soccer referees. Also perform a comparative analysis of the motor activity of football referees of different qualifications in Europe and Ukraine. Material : The study involved 38 referees - soccer referees first, second, of the Premier League with the different regions of Ukraine, as well as foreign arbitrators FIFA. Results : It was found that in the period of the motor activity of the arbitrator was walking - 13.0% of the total distance when moving, running at a moderate pace - 67.4%, accelerating - 16.7%, jumps - 2.9%. Average per match referee overcomes distance 8970.2 m: foreign arbitrators - 12,030.0 m., Arbitrators Premier League - 9292.5 m., 1 league - 7530.0 m., 2 leagues - 7028.3 m. Ukrainian Premier League referees are inferior to move moderate jogging foreign arbitrators FIFA respectively - 6,425.0 m (69.1%) and 9615.3 m (79.9%). Conclusions : The results of the research showed that the magnitude of motor activity during football matches in professional arbitrators may be different. It depends on their physical fitness Championship (competition), the league, the level of the teams playing, the nature of the intensity of the match. The arbitrator must remain near the gaming moments to control them and prevent possible confrontation.
Biomechanical modeling of the physical training of girls during aerobic activities in non-school educational institutions
Authors: Supilo I.P.
Published: November 2014

Purpose : to validate the effectiveness of biomechanical modeling of physical training of girls. Material : the study involved 90 girls aged 16-18 years (60 girls and recreation groups and 30 - sporting group aerobics). Results : during the study of quantitative biomechanical characteristics of the physical training of girls was identified the quantitative biodynamic and coordination structure of motor characteristics during aerobics. When comparing girls identified the best girls sports group thus constructed biomechanical model. For the considered model biodynamic structure includes the following indicators: GRAD; Fz max; Tmax; F max; Tsum; G; Tps. To the graphic model of the coordination patterns included the following indicators: EllS; MO(x); LY mm; Lх mm; JEF %;V mm/s; IV; R mm. Conclusions : obtain the quantitative biomechanical model of indicators of physical training of girls, which is the basis for objective justification and development of a technique of aerobics, and to use these biomechanical models as a control and the future of forecasting.
Physical and motor development of the students enrolled at the University of Warmia & Mazury in Olsztyn, Poland, in relation to their financial and urbanization status
Authors: Podstawski Robert , Boryslawski Krzysztof , Urbanska-Gizinska Renata
Published: November 2014

Purpose: The aim of the study was to assess physical and motor development of male students in relation to their place of permanent residence and monthly budget. Material and Methods: The research was conducted in 2012 and involved 361 male students. Physical development was assessed on the basis of the students' body mass and height as well as their BMI. In order to determine the level of motor development, 13 motor tests were applied. Results: It was stated that neither the students' body mass nor their BMI was significantly differentiated by their place of permanent residence or their monthly budget. In the vast majority of motor tests no relationship was observed between the students’ results and the place of permanent residence. Monthly budget was observed to significantly differentiate the level of motor fitness in the majority of motor tests. Conclusions: The students’ monthly budget more significantly than their place of permanent residence affects the students’ physical activity, and in consequence, their motor fitness.
Measurements of the stratospheric Density and Temperature Profiles in Hanoi by a Rayleigh Lidar
Authors: Tuan Nguyen Xuan , Trung Dinh Van , Binh Nguyen Thanh , Hai Bui Van
Published: November 2014

The molecular density and temperature profiles of the stratosphere in Hanoi are measured by a Rayleigh lidar. The profiles have the spatial resolution of 120 m and the temporal resolution of 1h. Their bottom height and top height are 20 km and 57 km, respectively. The atmospheric molecule density profile is directly derived from the correction-range lidar signal. The temperature profile is deduced from the molecular density profile based on the assumptions of the hydrostatic equilibrium and the ideal-gas law. Lidar measurements show good agreement with the molecular density and the temperature profiles from the MSISE-90 atmospheric model. Maximum errors of the density and temperature are found to be \(\pm 0.9\)\% and \(\pm 3.4\)~K, respectively.The position and the temperature  of the stratopause in Hanoi are determined to be about 49 km and 270 K. Database of lidar in a long time might reveal the characteristic and the structure of the stratosphere in Hanoi, Vietnam.
A Phase II Trial of Capecitabine Concomitantly With Whole-Brain Radiotherapy Followed by Capecitabine and Sunitinib for Brain Metastases From Breast Cancer
Authors: Niravath Polly , Tham Yee Lu , Wang Tao , Rodriguez Angel , Foreman Claudette , Hilsenbeck Susan G. , Elledge Richard , Rimawi Mothaffar
Published: November 2014

Author Summary

Background.

Brain metastasis from breast cancer presents a significant threat to women's health and quality of life. Capecitabine and sunitinib have shown some activity in this setting; therefore, we conducted a single-arm phase II trial with these agents.

Methods.

Patients with breast cancer and central nervous system (CNS) metastases received whole-brain radiotherapy concurrently with capecitabine (1,000 mg/m2 per day for 14 consecutive days), followed by concomitant capecitabine (2,000 mg/m2 per day for 2 weeks followed by a 1-week break) and sunitinib (37.5 mg daily, continuously). The primary endpoint was progression-free survival (PFS).

Results.

Of 25 planned patients that would be required to detect a 4-month improvement (from 5 to 9 months) in median PFS with 80% power, 12 were enrolled, and the study was then closed for slow accrual. Median PFS was 4.7 months, and median overall survival was 10 months. In the CNS, 25% had progressive disease, and 83% experienced extra-CNS progression. The most common side effects were fatigue and nausea.

Conclusion.

In 12 evaluable patients studied, concurrent capecitabine and whole-brain radiation followed by capecitabine and sunitinib did not extend PFS over historical rates and was associated with significant toxicity. Our study was small and closed due to slow accrual.
Nurturing Empathy: An Oncologist Looks at Medicine and Himself
Authors: Rahman Fazlur
Published: November 2014

Empathy in medicine matters. A doctor reflects on his experience as a patient and the need for clinicians to re-engage with patients empathically while giving the best care possible. In addition, we must begin teaching our students and trainees medical humanities as early as we can, because empathy can be nurtured.
Paliperidone for the Treatment of Ketamine-Induced Psychosis: A Case Report
Authors: Zuccoli M. L. , Muscella A. , Fucile C. , Carrozzino R. , Mattioli F. , Martelli A. , Orengo S.
Published: November 2014

Ketamine is an anaesthetic and analgesic drug synthesized in the 1960s from phencyclidine. The recreational use of ketamine increased among the dance culture of techno and house music, in particular in clubs, discotheques, and rave parties. The psychotropic effects of ketamine are now well known and they range from dissociation to positive, negative, and cognitive schizophrenia-like symptoms. We report a case of a chronic oral consumption of ketamine which induced agitation, behavioral abnormalities, and loss of contact with reality in a poly-drug abuser; these symptoms persisted more than two weeks after the drug consumption had stopped. Antipsychotic treatment with paliperidone led to a successful management of the psychosis, getting a complete resolution of the clinical picture. Paliperidone has proven to be very effective in the treatment of ketamine-induced disorders. Moreover, the pharmacological action and metabolism of paliperidone are poorly dependent from the activity of liver enzymes, so that it seems to be one of the best second generation antipsychotics for the treatment of smokers and alcohol abusers.
A Mixed Methods Exploration of Family Involvement in Medical Care for Older Adults with Serious Mental Illness
Authors: Aschbrenner Kelly A. , Pepin Renee , Mueser Kim T. , Naslund John A. , Rolin Stephanie A. , Faber Marjan J. , Bartels Stephen J.
Published: November 2014

Objective:

Many older persons with serious mental illness (SMI) suffer from high rates of comorbid medical conditions. Although families play a critical role in psychiatric illness management among adults with SMI, their contributions to improving health outcomes in this population has received little attention. This study explored family involvement in medical care for older adults with SMI.

Methods:

This mixed methods study involved analysis of quantitative data collected from older adults with SMI and cardiovascular risk ( n = 28) participating in a pilot study of an intervention designed to improve patient-centered primary care augmented by qualitative interviews with their relatives ( n = 13) to explore family involvement in medical care.

Results:

Approximately 89% of older adults with SMI reported family involvement in at least one aspect of their medical care (e.g., medication reminders, medical decision making). However, many family members reported that they were rarely involved in their relative's medical visits, and most did not perceive a need to be involved during routine care. Family members identified obesity as their relative's primary health concern and many wanted guidance from providers on effective strategies for supporting weight loss.

Conclusions:

Although many family members did not perceive a need to be involved in their relative's routine medical visits, they expressed interest in talking with providers about how to help their relative change unhealthy behaviors. Educating patients, families, and providers about the potential benefits of family involvement in medical care, including routine medical visits for persons with SMI and cardiovascular health risk may promote patient- and family-centered collaboration in this high-risk population.
Compact operators on some generalized mixed norm spaces
Authors: Alotaibi A. , Malkowsky E. , Nergiz H.
Published: November 2014

We establish identities or estimates for the Hausdorff measure of
noncompactness of operators from some generalized mixed norm spaces into any
of the spaces c0, c, ?1, and [?1, ??]. Furthermore we give necessary
and sufficient conditions for the operators in these cases to be compact. Our
results are complementary to those in [1, 3, 13].
Stability of difference schemes for Bitsadze-Samarskii type nonlocal boundary value problem involving integral condition
Authors: Ashyralyev Allaberen , Ozturk Elif
Published: November 2014

In this study, the stable difference schemes for the numerical solution of
Bitsadze-Samarskii type nonlocal boundary-value problem involving integral
condition for the elliptic equations are studied. The second and fourth
orders of the accuracy difference schemes are presented. A procedure of
modified Gauss elimination method is used for solving these difference
schemes for the two-dimensional elliptic differential equation. The method is
illustrated by numerical examples.
Stability and boundedness to certain differential equations of fourth order with multiple delays
Authors: Korkmaz Erdal , Tunc Cemil
Published: November 2014

In this paper, we give sufficient conditions to guarantee the asymptotic
stability and boundedness of solutions to a kind of fourth-order functional
differential equations with multiple delays. By using the Lyapunov-Krasovskii
functional approach, we establish two new results on the stability and
boundedness of solutions, which include and improve some related results in
the literature.
Measure of noncompactness for compact matrix operators on some BK spaces
Authors: Alotaibi A. , Malkowsky E. , Mursaleen M.
Published: November 2014

In this paper, we characterize the matrix classes (?1, ??p )(1? p < 1). We
also obtain estimates for the norms of the bounded linear operators LA
defined by these matrix transformations and find conditions to obtain the
corresponding subclasses of compact matrix operators by using the Hausdorff
measure of noncompactness.
Existence of positive solutions for nonlinear third-order m-point boundary value problems on time scales
Authors: Karacaa Ilkay , Tokmaka Fatma
Published: November 2014

In this paper, we investigate the existence of double positive solutions for
nonlinear third-order m-point boundary value problems with p-Laplacian on
time scales. By using double fixed point theorem, we establish results on the
existence of two positive solutions with suitable growth conditions imposed
on the nonlinear term. As an application, we give an example to demonstrate
our main result.
A second order of accuracy difference scheme for Schrödinger equations with an unknown parameter
Authors: Ashyralyev Allaberen , Urun Mesut
Published: November 2014

In the present study, the second order of accuracy difference scheme for
numerical solution of the boundary value problem for the differential
equation with an unknown parameter p {idu(t)/dt + Au(t) + iu(t) = f (t) + p,
0 < t < T, u(0) = ? u(T) = ? in a Hilbert space H with self-adjoint positive
definite operator A is presented. Theorem on the stability of this difference
scheme is established. The stability estimates for the solution of difference
schemes for two determination of an unknown parameter problem for Schr?dinger
equations are given.
Sestrin 3 Protein Enhances Hepatic Insulin Sensitivity by Direct Activation of the mTORC2-Akt Signaling
Authors: Tao Rongya , Xiong Xiwen , Liangpunsakul Suthat , Dong X. Charlie
Published: November 2014

Sestrin proteins have been implicated in multiple biological processes including resistance to oxidative and genotoxic stresses, protection against aging-related pathologies, and promotion of metabolic homeostasis; however, the underlying mechanisms are incompletely understood. Some evidence suggests that sestrins may inhibit mTORC1 (mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1) through inhibition of RagA/B GTPases or activation of AMPK; however, whether sestrins are also involved in mTORC2 regulation and function is unclear. To investigate the functions and mechanisms of Sestrin 3 (Sesn3), we generated Sesn3 liver-specific transgenic and knockout mice. Our data show that Sesn3 liver-specific knockout mice exhibit insulin resistance and glucose intolerance, and Sesn3 transgenic mice were protected against insulin resistance induced by a high-fat diet. Using AMPK liver-specific knockout mice, we demonstrate that the Sesn3 insulin-sensitizing effect is largely independent of AMPK. Biochemical analysis reveals that Sesn3 interacts with and activates mTORC2 and subsequently stimulates Akt phosphorylation at Ser473. These findings suggest that Sesn3 can activate Akt via mTORC2 to regulate hepatic insulin sensitivity and glucose metabolism.
Pinning synchronization of the drive and response dynamical networks with lag
Authors: Wen Bohui , Zhao Mo , Meng Fanyu
Published: November 2014

This paper investigates the pinning synchronization of two general complex dynamical networks with lag. The coupling configuration matrices in the two networks are not need to be symmetric or irreducible. Several convenient and useful criteria for lag synchronization are obtained based on the lemma of Schur complement and the Lyapunov stability theory. Especially, the minimum number of controllers in pinning control can be easily obtained. At last, numerical simulations are provided to verify the effectiveness of the criteria
Tracking control of an underactuated rigid body with a coupling input force
Authors: Korczak Sebastian
Published: November 2014

This paper presents a set of basic problems concerning the control of an underactuated dynamic system. Exemplary system of a planar rigid body with a coupling input force is described. Lie brackets method is used to show accessibility of the system. A tracking problem is solved with computed torque algorithm. The coupling force makes the convergence to zero of all state variables errors impossible. After numerical simulation, stability of the system is mentioned
Gain scheduled controller design for thermo-optical plant
Authors: Veselý Vojtech , Osuský Jakub , Sekaj Ivan
Published: November 2014

This paper presents a gain scheduled controller design for MIMO and SISO systems in the frequency domain using the genetic algorithms approach. The proposed method is derived from the M-delta structure of closed loop MIMO (SISO) systems and the small gain theory is exploited to obtain the stability condition. An example of real system illustrates the effectiveness of the proposed output feedback gain scheduled controller design method and also the possibility to improve its performance using the genetic algorithm
Hybrid Technology of Hard Coal Mining from Seams Located at Great Depths
Authors: Czaja Piotr , Kamiński Paweł , Klich Jerzy , Tajduś Antoni
Published: November 2014

Learning to control fire changed the life of man considerably. Learning to convert the energy derived from combustion of coal or hydrocarbons into another type of energy, such as steam pressure or electricity, has put him on the path of scientific and technological revolution, stimulating dynamic development.

Since the dawn of time, fossil fuels have been serving as the mankind’s natural reservoir of energy in an increasingly great capacity. A completely incomprehensible refusal to use fossil fuels causes some local populations, who do not possess a comprehensive knowledge of the subject, to protest and even generate social conflicts as an expression of their dislike for the extraction of minerals. Our times are marked by the search for more efficient ways of utilizing fossil fuels by introducing non-conventional technologies of exploiting conventional energy sources. During apartheid, South Africa demonstrated that cheap coal can easily satisfy total demand for liquid and gaseous fuels.

In consideration of current high prices of hydrocarbon media (oil and gas), gasification or liquefaction of coal seems to be the innovative technology convergent with contemporary expectations of both energy producers as well as environmentalists. Known mainly from literature reports, underground coal gasification technologies can be brought down to two basic methods:

- shaftless method - drilling, in which the gasified seam is uncovered using boreholes drilled from the surface,

- shaft method, in which the existing infrastructure of underground mines is used to uncover the seams.

This paper presents a hybrid shaft-drilling approach to the acquisition of primary energy carriers (methane and syngas) from coal seams located at great depths. A major advantage of this method is the fact that the use of conventional coal mining technology requires the seams located at great depths to be placed on the off-balance sheet, while the hybrid method of underground gasification enables them to become a source of additional energy for the economy. It should be noted, however, that the shaft-drilling method cannot be considered as an alternative to conventional methods of coal extraction, but rather as a complementary and cheaper way of utilizing resources located almost beyond the technical capabilities of conventional extraction methods due to the associated natural hazards and high costs of combating them.

This article presents a completely different approach to the issue of underground coal gasification. Repurposing of the already fully depreciated mining infrastructure for the gasification process may result in a large value added of synthesis gas production and very positive economic effect.
The Three-Dimensional (3D) Numerical Stability Analysis of Hyttemalmen Open-Pit
Authors: Cała Marek , Kowalski Michał , Stopkowicz Agnieszka
Published: November 2014

The purpose of this paper was to perform the 3D numerical calculations allowing slope stability analysis of Hyttemalmen open pit (location Kirkenes, Finnmark Province, Norway). After a ramp rock slide, which took place in December 2010, as well as some other small-scale rock slope stability problems, it proved necessary to perform a serious stability analyses. The Hyttemalmen open pit was designed with a depth up to 100 m, a bench height of 24 m and a ramp width of 10 m. The rock formation in the iron mining district of Kirkenes is called the Bjornevaten Group. This is the most structurally complicated area connected with tectonic process such as folding, faults and metamorphosis. The Bjornevaten Group is a volcano-sedimentary sequence. Rock slope stability depends on the mechanical properties of the rock, hydro-geological conditions, slope topography, joint set systems and seismic activity. However, rock slope stability is mainly connected with joint sets. Joints, or general discontinuities, are regarded as weak planes within rock which have strength reducing consequences with regard to rock strength. Discontinuities within the rock mass lead to very low tensile strength. Several simulations were performed utilising the RocLab (2007) software to estimate the gneiss cohesion for slopes of different height. The RocLab code is dedicated to estimate rock mass strength using the Hoek-Brown failure criterion. Utilising both the GSI index and the Hoek-Brown strength criterion the equivalent Mohr-Coulomb parameters (cohesion and angle of internal friction) can be calculated. The results of 3D numerical calculations (with FLA3D code) show that it is necessary to redesign the slope-bench system in the Hyttemalmen open pit. Changing slope inclination for lower stages is recommended. The minimum factor of safety should be equal 1.3. At the final planned stage of excavation, the factor of safety drops to 1.06 with failure surface ranging through all of the slopes. In the case of a slope angle 70° for lower stages, FS = 1.26, which is not enough to provide slope stability. Another series of calculations were therefore performed taking water table lowering into consideration, which increases the global safety factor. It was finally evaluated, that for a water table level of 72 m the factor of safety equals 1.3, which is enough to assure global open-pit stability.
Influence of Mining Operating Conditions on Fault Behavior
Authors: Burtan Zbigniew , Zorychta Andrzej , Cieślik Jerzy , Chlebowski Dariusz
Published: November 2014

This article concerns numerical modeling of the impact of mining operations on fault behavior, carried out on the basis of a calculation program based on the finite element method. The calculations and their graphic results related to the reactions of vertical discontinuity on the mining operations that run along its boundary under changing operating parameters, such as geometry of the field and direction of mining with respect to the fault, as well as the method of liquidation of the caving zone. The behavior of the fault was analyzed based on distributions in the plane of shear stress and slip, together with their range and energy dissipated due to friction. The results of numerical calculations made it possible to draw conclusions on the impact of faults and the impact of operating conditions of mining in their vicinity on the level of seismic hazard.
Behaviour of Frictional Joints in Steel Arch Yielding Supports
Authors: Horyl Petr , Šňupárek Richard , Maršálek Pavel
Published: November 2014

The loading capacity and ability of steel arch supports to accept deformations from the surrounding rock mass is influenced significantly by the function of the connections and in particular, the tightening of the bolts. This contribution deals with computer modelling of the yielding bolt connections for different torques to determine the load-bearing capacity of the connections. Another parameter that affects the loading capacity significantly is the value of the friction coefficient of the contacts between the elements of the joints. The authors investigated both the behaviour and conditions of the individual parts for three values of tightening moment and the relation between the value of screw tightening and load-bearing capacity of the connections for different friction coefficients. ANSYS software and the finite element method were used for the computer modelling. The solution is nonlinear because of the bi-linear material properties of steel and the large deformations. The geometry of the computer model was created from designs of all four parts of the structure. The calculation also defines the weakest part of the joint’s structure based on stress analysis. The load was divided into two loading steps: the pre-tensioning of connecting bolts and the deformation loading corresponding to 50-mm slip of one support. The full Newton-Raphson method was chosen for the solution. The calculations were carried out on a computer at the Supercomputing Centre VSB-Technical University of Ostrava.
Physical activity based intervention program on health, bone mineral density and fitness status for rheumatology patient over 60 years of age
Authors: Kopkáné Plachy Judit , Vécseyné Kovách Magdolna , Ihász Ferenc , Bognár József
Published: November 2014

Study aim: regular physical activity is important both for the prevention of illnesses and for rehabilitation purposes because it has significant impact on the physical and mental health of the elderly. The purpose of this study was to assess whether two different half-year regular training programmes had positive effects on health dimensions, bone mineral density, and fitness status in population of women aged over 60 years.

Material and methods: older women were assessed in a supervised exercise trial conducted at a rheumatology centre. A half-year intervention program involved 45 women (N = 45) aged over 60 years in Hungary. The sample was randomly divided into three groups. The “Training group” (n = 14; M age 64.07 years) did physical exercises three times per week. The “Mental group” (n = 16; M age 67.88 years) had two physical exercise sessions and one group discussion session about healthy lifestyle. The “Control group” (n = 15; M age 63.73 years) was not involved in any activities. Physical and mental health status (SF-36), bone mineral density (BMD), and fitness status (FFFT) were analysed.

Results: repeated measures ANOVA produced a significant main effect (F = 2389; p < 0.001). The differences between the “Training” and “Control” groups (p < 0.01) and between the “Mental” and “Control” groups (p < 0.05) were meaningful. The Group x Time comparison was significant in six scales of health status measurements; two scales of bone mineral density grew significantly. All the fitness test variables show significant results in between subjects effect.

Conclusions: both the Training and Mental groups significantly contributed to a better health status of the participants.
Analysis of the Distribution of Chemical Compounds from Fly Ash Exposed to Weather Conditions
Authors: Sambo Aleksandra , Szymanek Arkadiusz
Published: November 2014

The paper presents investigation results of the migration of a chemical compound contained in fly ash deposited on a dry furnace waste landfill site exposed to weather conditions. Climate conditions are able to significantly affect chemical component distribution in a block of deposited, moving chemical compounds to different depths. The main aim of the investigations was to determine the chemical component distribution of deposited fly ash in the landfill. Identification of chemical components based on XRF analysis indicated the existence of differences in both tested storage layer and the fraction of fly ash.
Adsorption in Perfect Mixing Tank – Comparison of Exact and Approximate Kinetic Models
Authors: Kupiec Krzysztof , Gwadera Monika , Larwa Barbara
Published: November 2014

Periodic adsorption in a perfect mixing tank of a limited volume was considered. It was assumed that the adsorption rate is limited by diffusion resistance in a pellet. The approximate model of diffusion kinetics based on a continued fraction approximation was compared with the exact analytical solution. For the approximate model an algorithm was developed to determine a temporal variation of the adsorbate concentration in the pellet. The comparison was made for different values of the adsorbent load factor. In the numerical tests different shapes of pellets were considered. Both the numerical tests as well as our own experimental results showed that the approximate model provides results that are in good agreement with the exact solution. In the experimental part of this work adsorption of p-nitrophenol and acetic acid from aqueous solutions on cylindrical pellets of activated carbon was conducted.
Cfd Analysis of Heat Transfer in a Microtubular Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Stack
Authors: Pianko-Oprych Paulina , Kasilova, Ekaterina , Jaworski Zdzisław
Published: November 2014

The aim of this work was to achieve a deeper understanding of the heat transfer in a microtubular Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (mSOFC) stack based on the results obtained by means of a Computational Fluid Dynamics tool. Stack performance predictions were based on simulations for a 16 anodesupported mSOFCs sub-stack, which was a component of the overall stack containing 64 fuel cells. The emphasis of the paper was put on steady-state modelling, which enabled identification of heat transfer between the fuel cells and air flow cooling the stack and estimation of the influence of stack heat losses. Analysis of processes for different heat losses and the impact of the mSOFC reaction heat flux profile on the temperature distribution in the mSOFC stack were carried out. Both radiative and convective heat transfer were taken into account in the analysis. Two different levels of the inlet air velocity and three different values of the heat losses were considered. Good agreement of the CFD model results with experimental data allowed to predict the operation trends, which will be a reliable tool for optimisation of the working setup and ensure sufficient cooling of the mSOFC stack.
Influence of Selected Parameters on Ash Particle Trajectories When Modelling Deposition on Superheater Tubes in Pulverised Coal Boilers Using Fluent Code
Authors: Wacławiak Krzysztof , Kalisz Sylwester
Published: November 2014

Widely used CFD codes enable modelling of PC boilers operation. One of the areas where these numerical simulations are especially promising is predicting deposition on heat transfer surfaces, mostly superheaters. The basic goal of all simulations is to determine trajectories of ash particles in the vicinity of superheater tubes. It results in finding where on the surface the tube will be hit by particles, and what diameter and mass flow of the particles are. This paper presents results of CFD simulations for a single tube and a bundle of in-line tubes as well. It has been shown that available parameters like ash particle density, shape factor, reflection coefficients affect the trajectories in a different way. All the simulations were carried out with Fluent code of Ansys software.
Energy Balance Sheet of a Semi Operational Thermic System
Authors: Honus Stanislav , Sassmanová Veronika , Frantík Jaroslav , Bukowsk Przemyslaw , Juchelková Dagmar
Published: November 2014

The article is focused onthe energetical balance of a technical system for the conversion of crushed tyres by pyrolysis. Process temperatures were set in the range from 500 to 650°C. Mass input of the material was 30 kg per hour. The aim of the article is to answer the following questions as regards the individual products: Under which process conditions can the highest quality of the individual products related to energy be reached? How does the thermal efficiency of the system change in reaction to various conditions of the process?

On the basis of the experimental measurements and calculations, apart from other things, it was discovered that the pyrolysis liquid reaches the highest energetic value, i.e. 42.7 MJ.kg-1, out of all the individual products of the pyrolysis process. Generated pyrolysis gas disposes of the highest lower calorific value 37.1 MJ.kg-1 and the pyrolysis coke disposes of the maximum 30.9 MJ kg-1. From the energetic balance, the thermal efficiency of the experimental unit under the stated operational modes ranging from about 52 % to 56 % has been estimated. Individual findings are elaborated on detail in the article.
Modelling of the Bubble Size Distribution in an Aerated Stirred Tank: Theoretical and Numerical Comparison of Different Breakup Models
Authors: Kálal Zbyněk , Jahoda Milan , Fořt Ivan
Published: November 2014

The main topic of this study is the mathematical modelling of bubble size distributions in an aerated stirred tank using the population balance method. The air-water system consisted of a fully baffled vessel with a diameter of 0.29 m, which was equipped with a six-bladed Rushton turbine. The secondary phase was introduced through a ring sparger situated under the impeller. Calculations were performed with the CFD software CFX 14.5. The turbulent quantities were predicted using the standard k-ε turbulence model. Coalescence and breakup of bubbles were modelled using the MUSIG method with 24 bubble size groups. For the bubble size distribution modelling, the breakup model by Luo and Svendsen (1996) typically has been used in the past. However, this breakup model was thoroughly reviewed and its practical applicability was questioned. Therefore, three different breakup models by Martínez-Bazán et al. (1999a, b), Lehr et al. (2002) and Alopaeus et al. (2002) were implemented in the CFD solver and applied to the system. The resulting Sauter mean diameters and local bubble size distributions were compared with experimental data.
Numerical Analysis Of Mixing Under Low And High Frequency Pulsations At Serpentine Micromixers
Authors: Malecha Ziemowit M. , Malecha Karol
Published: November 2014

The numerical investigation of the mixing process in complex geometry micromixers, as a function of various inlet conditions and various micromixer vibrations, was performed. The examined devices were two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) types of serpentine micromixers with two inlets. Entering fluids were perturbed with a wide range of the frequency (0 - 50 Hz) of pulsations. Additionally, mixing fluids also entered in the same or opposite phase of pulsations. The performed numerical calculations were 3D to capture the proximity of all the walls, which has a substantial influence on microchannel flow. The geometry of the 3D type serpentine micromixer corresponded to the physically existing device, characterised by excellent mixing properties but also a challenging production process (Malecha et al., 2009). It was shown that low-frequency perturbations could improve the average mixing efficiency of the 2D micromixer by only about 2% and additionally led to a disadvantageously non-uniform mixture quality in time. It was also shown that high-frequency mixing could level these fluctuations and more significantly improve the mixing quality. In the second part of the paper a faster and simplified method of evaluation of mixing quality was introduced. This method was based on calculating the length of the contact interface between mixing fluids. It was used to evaluate the 2D type serpentine micromixer performance under various types of vibrations and under a wide range of vibration frequencies.
Modifications of Range-Doppler Algorithm for Compensation of SAR Platform Motion Instabilities
Authors: Gorovyi Ievgen M. , Bezvesilniy Oleksandr O. , Vavriv Dmytro M.
Published: November 2014

Two modifications of the range-Doppler algorithm (RDA) have been proposed to solve problems of SAR platform motion instabilities. First, the multi-look processing based on the RDA with an extended Doppler bandwidth has been introduced for correction of radiometric errors. Second, the RDA has been modified to perform SAR image formation on short-time acquisition intervals to use it in a recently-developed local-quadratic map-drift autofocus (LQMDA) method. The performance of the methods is illustrated with experimental data obtained by airborne SAR systems.
Square Root Raised Cosine Fractionally Delaying Nyquist Filter - Design and Performance Evaluation
Authors: Hermanowicz Ewa , Rojewski Mirosław
Published: November 2014

In this paper we propose a discrete-time FIR (Finite Impulse Response) filter which is meant to be applied as a square root Nyquist filter and fractional delay filter simultaneously. The filter enables to substitute for a cascade of square root raised cosine (SRRC) Nyquist filter and fractional delay filter in one device/algorithm. The aim is to compensate for transmission delay in digital communication system. Performance of the filter in the role of a matched filter is evaluated using a newly defined energetic ISI (Intersymbol Interference) measure and ability of the filter to completely eliminate the ISI involved by fractional delay of symbol shaping filter in transmitter or by channel delay. Considerations and results of the contribution are documented by suitable eye-diagrams and the SRRC filter responses.