bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assembling Two Self‐Trapped Exciton Emissions in 0D Metal Halides with Near‐Unity Quantum Yield and Zero Thermal‐Quenching Photoluminescence
Authors: Zhang Guodong , Dang Peipei , Lian Hongzhou , Li Kai , Tian Long , Yang Wei , Cheng Ziyong , Lin Jun
Published: November 2023

Zero‐dimensional (0D) lead‐free metal halides with efficient photoluminescence (PL) have wide application prospects in the optoelectronics field due to their unique structures and physicochemical properties. However, thermal quenching seriously hinders the practical applications of metal halide materials. Herein, this challenging effort is spearheaded to design novel lead‐free 0D indium‐based chloride K3InCl6:Sb3+ single crystals with zero‐thermal quenching and a near‐unity PL quantum yield based on an effective strategy to suppress non‐radiative transitions. Experimental and computational studies indicate that the intense PL emission originates from self‐trapping excitons (STEs). The extremely low temperature of 7 K and time‐resolved spectra reveal the existence of two individual STEs emissions induced by the distinguished octahedrons in K3InCl6:Sb3+ crystals. Meanwhile, the K3InCl6:Sb3+ crystals can maintain PL stability without thermal quenching over a wide temperature range. Furthermore, the phosphor‐converted light‐emitting diodes can stably operate in the long term, benefitting from the significant structural and PL stability of Sb3+‐doped 0D indium‐based chlorides. Therefore, this work not only presents new 0D metal halides with high efficiency and remarkable stability, but also provides insights into designing high‐performance optoelectronic materials.
THE WORK OF SANE LEADERSHIP
Authors: Wheatley Margaret
Published: November 2023

The author, a consultant, senior‐level advisor, and teacher, discusses and explains the concept of sane leadership. “We need,” she writes, “to restore sanity by reviving the human spirit. We can only achieve this if we undertake the most challenging and meaningful work of our lives: creating Islands of Sanity.” She further contends: “Sanity is an honest relationship with reality. Sanity is seeing clearly, free of our filters, judgments, biases. When we see what’s going on, then we can discern what actions might be useful. Sanity creates possibilities.” She outlines 10 design principles within these areas, which in her words are, 1. Diversity: Complex issues demand difference to find solutions. 2. Inclusion: People need to feel needed. 3. Equality: begin and end as equals. 4. The Work: Place the work in the center and keep it there. 5. Motivation: Strong emotions are to be channeled not feared. 6. Learning: Learning from experience keeps us alive. 7. Experimentation: Life always gives us feedback. 8. Confidence: Both success and failure build confidence. 9. Community: The well‐being of our community supersedes all other concerns. 10. Evaluate: Are these design principles working? She concludes: “Do you choose to be a sane leader? Do you feel you have a choice?”
Fish distribution in three dimensions around the Block Island Wind Farm as observed with conventional and volumetric echosounders
Authors: Jech J. Michael , Lipsky Andrew , Moran Patrick , Matte Guillaume , Diaz Gabriel
Published: November 2023

Objective

Offshore wind development is expected to expand rapidly along the East Coast of the United States within the next 10 years and will impact the biology and ecology of the flora and fauna as well as human activities, such as commercial and recreational fishing. The Block Island Wind Farm is a five-turbine, 30-MW wind array located about 6 km off the coast of Rhode Island and has been in operation since 2016.

Methods

We conducted a 4-day acoustical and biological survey of the area during daylight hours to gain insight on the spatial distribution of fish species in and around the turbines. We utilized a hull-mounted, downward-looking Simrad 38-/200-kHz ES70 and a pole-mounted iXblue SeapiX steerable Mills Cross, 150-kHz, 1.6° resolution multibeam echosounder oriented downward to map the two- and three-dimensional distributions using spiral and straight-line transect patterns. We collected fish by using hook and line to verify the sources of acoustic backscatter and to measure length, sex, and diet.

Result

Black Sea Bass Centropristis striata were the most commonly caught species and appeared to be the primary constituents of the fish aggregations that were mapped by the acoustic systems. We found increased levels of acoustic backscatter within 200 m of the turbine structures, suggesting that they were attractive structures.

Conclusion

These levels were not greater than backscatter levels in the surrounding area, suggesting that the proximate effect of the wind array was spatially limited.
The reproductive biology and fecundity of female Atlantic Menhaden
Authors: Latour Robert J. , Gartland James , Schueller Amy M.
Published: November 2023

Objective

Atlantic Menhaden Brevoortia tyrannus support fisheries that yield the largest landings by volume on the U.S. East Coast and fulfill a critical ecological role as a forage species. The spawning reference point of the stock assessment model that is routinely applied to this species requires information on total annual fecundity. The goal of this study was to generate a contemporary, histology-based evaluation of the reproductive biology and fecundity of female Atlantic Menhaden.

Methods

Female Atlantic Menhaden (n = 559) were collected between Cape Cod, Massachusetts, and Cape Hatteras, North Carolina, from 2013 to 2019. Ovarian tissues were prepared using standard histological techniques which, when coupled with oocyte size-frequency and count data, were used to classify reproductive mode and estimate batch fecundity, spawning frequency, and maturity. Monthly gonosomatic indices were combined with published female reproductive information and spatiotemporal patterns in larval and juvenile abundance to designate spawning seasonality.

Result

Histological preparations and oocyte size-frequency patterns of female Atlantic Menhaden ovaries were consistent with indeterminate batch spawning. Batch fecundity increased with fork length, while spawning seasonality extended from September 15 to April 15 with a spawn every 7.5 ± 2.3 days. Female maturity probabilities transitioned from 0.2 to 0.8 over fork lengths of 214.8–226.5 mm (approximately ages 2.0–2.3 years). Estimated mean per capita female annual fecundity varied from 465,757 to 3,250,135 oocytes for fish ranging from 215.8 to 284.8 mm fork length (ages 2–6 years), which represented a 614–2267% (mean = 1656%) increase in annual female reproductive output relative to previous estimates.

Conclusion

Female Atlantic Menhaden exhibit indeterminant batch spawning while spawning seasonality and mean per capita female annual fecundity were appreciably greater than previously reported. This new reproductive information illuminates the robust reproductive productivity of this species and will aid routinely conducted stock assessments.
Tripartite evolutionary game analysis of supply chain low‐carbon transformation considering the coupling of carbon tax and subsidy regulations
Authors: Yu Liying , Xu Hui , Zhang Ziyuan
Published: November 2023

Considering the coupling of the differential carbon tax and subsidy policies, this paper constructs a tripartite evolutionary game model. Then the factors influencing the behavior of each party are analyzed. Results show that the increasing rate of manufacturer income and retailer income when taking low‐carbon strategy can affect their enthusiasm to adopt low‐carbon behavior. In terms of the external regulation, the combination of differential carbon tax policy and subsidy policy can effectively restrain manufacturer's free‐riding behavior and encourage the manufacturer to complete the low‐carbon transformation. However, such policy combination has poor supervision effect on retailer's free‐riding behavior.
Stress‐hybrid virtual element method on quadrilateral meshes for compressible and nearly‐incompressible linear elasticity
Authors: Chen Alvin , Sukumar N.
Published: November 2023

In this article, we propose a robust low‐order stabilization‐free virtual element method on quadrilateral meshes for linear elasticity that is based on the stress‐hybrid principle. We refer to this approach as the stress‐hybrid virtual element method (SH‐VEM). In this method, the Hellinger–Reissner variational principle is adopted, wherein both the equilibrium equations and the strain‐displacement relations are variationally enforced. We consider small‐strain deformations of linear elastic solids in the compressible and near‐incompressible regimes over quadrilateral (convex and nonconvex) meshes. Within an element, the displacement field is approximated as a linear combination of canonical shape functions that are virtual. The stress field, similar to the stress‐hybrid finite element method of Pian and Sumihara, is represented using a linear combination of symmetric tensor polynomials. A 5‐parameter expansion of the stress field is used in each element, with stress transformation equations applied on distorted quadrilaterals. In the variational statement of the strain‐displacement relations, the divergence theorem is invoked to express the stress coefficients in terms of the nodal displacements. This results in a formulation with solely the nodal displacements as unknowns. Numerical results are presented for several benchmark problems from linear elasticity. We show that SH‐VEM is free of volumetric and shear locking, and it converges optimally in the norm and energy seminorm of the displacement field, and in the norm of the hydrostatic stress.
Bridging the gap? Public–private partnerships and genetically modified crop development for smallholder farmers in Africa
Authors: Dowd‐Uribe Brian , Rock Joeva Sean , Spreadbury Trevor , Chiril Patricia , Uminsky David
Published: November 2023

Societal Impact Statement

Genetically modified (GM) crops have the potential to address multiple challenges for African smallholder farmers but are limited by several institutional constraints. Public–private partnerships (PPPs) are seen as an organizational fix to one such constraint, bringing privately held intellectual property rights on key crop technologies to African public institutions to develop GM crops for smallholder farmers. Here, a new comprehensive dataset of GM crops in Africa is used to understand the extent and efficacy of PPP‐led GM crop development for smallholder farmers and discuss what might limit their potential in the future.

Genetically modified (GM) crops are promoted as a key tool to address multiple challenges in Africa, including the impacts of climate change and food insecurity. Observers have noted, however, significant institutional challenges to achieving such goals, most notably, intellectual property rights (IPR) to key GM traits being held by private companies who have limited incentives to develop those technologies for smallholder farmers. To bridge the gap between privately held IPR and pro‐poor crop breeding, advocates have called for increased funding for institutional innovations such as public–private partnerships (PPPs) to facilitate the transfer of crop technologies from private companies to public research institutes.

For the past two decades, donors and firms have invested considerable resources toward PPPs. However, to date, few research efforts have empirically examined the extent and effectiveness of PPPs at the continental scale.

This study draws from a new comprehensive dataset on GM crop research and development in Africa to examine whether the anticipated advantages of PPPs have resulted in an improved ability to deliver GM crops to smallholder farmers.

We find that although PPP research has focused on crops and traits more relevant for smallholder farmers, many of these efforts have been suspended, with only one crop thus far reaching the hands of farmers. PPPs can address some issues related to GM crop development but still appear constrained by other institutional challenges, which may limit their development, reach, and the achievement of targeted benefits for smallholder farmers.
Investigation of the Large Variability of HfO2‐Based Resistive Random Access Memory Devices with a Small Current Compliance by a Kinetic Monte Carlo Model
Authors: Chen Ching-Jung , Rushchanskii Konstantin Z. , Jungemann Christoph
Published: November 2023

While scaling down resistive random access memory devices can bring many benefits, it also introduces uncertainties during operation. One example is the wide distribution of the resistances in the low‐resistance state (LRS) when the device is connected by a small current compliance () in the microampere range. During the operation under such small , it is believed that the stochastic migration of oxygen vacancies in the oxide layer plays an important role for the variability. To this regard, the model where oxygen vacancies are treated as point defects and the kinetic Monte Carlo method is applied for the stochastic migration of vacancies is extended. The relation between the macroscopic observations in measurements and the microscopic vacancy distribution are discussed. It turns out that three representative configurations are sufficient to describe the vacancy distribution in the LRS. The large spread of the resistance seen in the cycle‐to‐cycle statistics is then due to the change from one of the configuration to the other. The origin for the change between configurations is discussed in terms of the anisotropic zero‐field energy barrier of the diffusion of vacancies.
Formulation and use of 3D‐hybrid and 4D‐hybrid ensemble covariances in the Météo‐France global data assimilation system
Authors: Berre Loïk , Arbogast Etienne
Published: November 2023

The global data assimilation (DA) system at Météo‐France is currently based on a 4D‐Var formulation relying on wavelet‐based 3D background‐error covariances. These covariances are specified at the beginning of the DA window and are evolved implicitly in the DA window through tangent linear and adjoint model integrations. Further research and development steps on data assimilation at Météo‐France are conducted in the framework of the Object‐Oriented Prediction System (OOPS), which is developed in collaboration with the European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF). For instance, 3D background‐error covariances can be made hybrid through a linear combination between wavelet‐based covariances and ensemble‐based covariances that are filtered through spatial localisation. This allows covariances to be made more anisotropic in a flow‐dependent way, and implementation of this hybridation in the OOPS framework is shown to have general positive impacts on the forecast quality. This 3D‐hybrid approach can also be extended to a 4D‐hybrid approach in the OOPS framework: this relies on a linear combination between 4D ensemble covariances on the one hand and 4D linearly propagated covariances on the other hand, corresponding to initial covariances that are evolved more explicitly by tangent linear and adjoint versions of the model. This provides a unifying framework for implementations of DA schemes that correspond to 4DEnVar, 4D‐Var, and new 4D‐hybrid formulations. This is thus considered as a novel way to combine the respective attractive features of 4D‐Var and 4DEnVar approaches, leading in particular to a new 4D‐hybrid formulation of 4DEnVar. Its properties and implementation in the OOPS framework are presented, and first experimental results show that this new formulation of 4DEnVar is competitive with 4D‐Var, in relation with the improved hybridisation.
Tropical convection in ERA5 has partly shifted from parameterized to resolved
Authors: Buschow Sebastian
Published: November 2023

In a recent study, Benestad and colleagues found that the distribution of global precipitation variability in ERA5 appears to have shifted towards smaller spatial scales over the course of the twentieth century. Using an alternative wavelet‐based analysis, we demonstrate that the trends are located almost entirely over the tropical oceans. The phenomenon can be explained by a remarkable shift from parameterized to explicitly resolved convection in this region. The slightly coarser resolved JRA‐55 reanalysis data set exhibits no such trend. A comparison with the conventional data‐only version JRA‐55C reveals that assimilated satellite data can introduce an additional trend in tropical precipitation amount, but does not, on its own, alter the characteristics of tropical precipitation in JRA‐55. An artificial dual‐diurnal cycle in ERA5 total precipitation and convective available potential energy (CAPE) leads us to the conclusion that the unexpected regime shift is induced primarily by changes in the observation system and not real‐world climate change.
Objective identification of tropical cyclone‐induced remote moisture transport using digraphs
Authors: Xiao Shiqi , Zhang Aoqi , Chen Yilun , Li Weibiao
Published: November 2023

Tropical cyclone (TC)‐induced remote moisture transport is the fundamental cause of TC‐induced remote precipitation. However, despite increasing attention having been paid to TC‐induced remote moisture transport over the past few decades, a method for the objective identification of TC remote moisture transport remains lacking, which is crucial to understanding the complex rainfall mechanisms associated with TC‐induced remote moisture transport over recent decades. We set out to solve this issue in the present study by using a series of newly developed processing algorithms. Firstly, we identified vertically integrated water vapour transport (IVT) pathways using spatially smoothed moving window quantiles, and then used the maximum gradient method to segment IVT clusters from pathways. Relationship digraphs were constructed for IVT clusters to flexibly interpret the spatio‐temporal merging and splitting processes among them. Finally, TC clusters (TCCs) and TC remote clusters (TRCs) were identified in succession based on the TC tracks and diagraphs of IVT clusters. Applications of these processing algorithms showed that the TCCs and TRCs at the same time step can be identified successfully by applying our method. The generality of the objective identification method was validated using data covering four decades. Our algorithms revealed discontinuous and uneven moisture transport, especially those associated with TCs, which benefits studies of remote rainfall associated with TCs. Furthermore, it facilitates the construction of IVT pathway and cluster datasets covering the past several decades, which can be used for analysing related characteristics and thereby revealing possible physical mechanisms underlying the nature of TRCs.
Robust H∞$$ {H}_{\infty } $$ continuous‐discrete hybrid impulsive dynamic output feedback control for delays descriptor Markovian jump systems with multidimensional impulsive operator
Authors: Zhu Qingyu , Zhuang Guangming , Xia Jianwei , Xie Xiangpeng
Published: November 2023

This study focuses on the robust continuous‐discrete hybrid impulsive dynamic output feedback (DOF) control issue for time delays descriptor Markovian jump systems (TDDMJSs) with multidimensional impulsive operator. By applying an improved impulse‐time‐dependent Lyapunov–Krasovskii (L‐K) functional, the novel stochastic admissibilization conditions are formulated as linear matrix inequalities. A desired hybrid impulsive DOF controller is achieved, which includes a continuous DOF controller and a discrete impulsive DOF controller. The stochastic admissibilization of the closed‐loop TDDMJSs can be satisfied by virtue of the desired hybrid impulsive DOF controller. In the end, the validity of the proposed hybrid impulsive DOF controller design method is demonstrated by two examples, including an oil catalytic cracking process.
A secure signature‐based access control and key management scheme for fog computing‐based IoT‐enabled big data applications
Authors: Karnatak Vijay , Mishra Amit Kumar , Tripathi Neha , Wazid Mohammad , Singh Jaskaran , Das Ashok Kumar
Published: November 2023

Fog computing is a distributed computing architecture, as opposed to depending entirely on centralized cloud servers, which brings the processing of data, functionality of an application, and its storage closer to the network's edge, where it can be closer to the data source or an end‐user device. Some of the potential applications of the fog computing‐based Internet of Things (IoT)‐enabled system are smart healthcare, smart agriculture, smart manufacturing, intelligent transportation system, and smart cities (i.e., in parking management, lighting control, traffic control, and security of civilians). The fog computing‐based IoT‐enabled system is vulnerable to various attacks. Therefore, one needs to deploy security mechanisms, like authentication, access control, key management, and malware detection, in order to secure its communication. In this article, we design a signature‐based access control and key management scheme for fog computing‐based IoT‐enabled big data applications (in short, SBAC‐FC). A detailed security analysis and performance comparison of the SBAC‐FC with other similar existing schemes reveal that the SBAC‐FC surpasses the existing schemes in terms of security and functionality characteristics, as well as complexity overheads.
Targeting necroptosis in fibrosis
Authors: Hassanein Emad H. M. , Ibrahim Islam M. , Abd El-Maksoud Mostafa S. , Abd El-Aziz Mostafa K. , Abd-alhameed Esraa K. , Althagafy Hanan S.
Published: November 2023

Necroptosis, a type of programmed cell death that resembles necrosis, is now known to depend on a different molecular mechanism from apoptosis, according to several recent studies. Many efforts have reported the possible influence of necroptosis in human disorders and concluded the crucial role in the pathophysiology of various diseases, including liver diseases, renal injuries, cancers, and others. Fibrosis is the most common end-stage pathological cascade of several chronic inflammatory disorders. In this review, we explain the impact of necroptosis and fibrosis, for which necroptosis has been demonstrated to be a contributing factor. We also go over the inhibitors of necroptosis and how they have been applied to fibrosis models. This review helps to clarify the role of necroptosis in fibrosis and will encourage clinical efforts to target this pathway of programmed cell death.

Graphical abstract
On Husserl’s Twin Earth
Authors: Hirvonen Ilpo
Published: November 2023

In a 1911 research manuscript, Husserl puts forth an idea that resembles Putnam’s Twin Earth thought experiment presented in the 1970s. In this paper, I study Husserl’s “Twin Earth” passage and assess various readings of it to determine whether Husserl is better understood as an internalist or an externalist. I define internalism as the view that content depends solely on internal factors to the subject, whereas I distinguish between two versions of externalism: weak externalism, according to which content can also depend on other subjects’ conceptions, and strong externalism, which maintains that content can also depend on the real world. Only strong externalism maintains what McGinn calls “the philosophical significance of externalism” because it entails realism about the world. I argue that Husserl is better understood as an externalist when it comes to the “Twin Earth” passage, but the more precise question regarding weak and strong externalism requires further evidence. This additional evidence concerns Husserl’s concepts of the identity of sense (Sinnesidentität) and worldly meaning (weltlicher Sinn). In evaluating externalist Husserl interpretations, I classify Smith’s externalist interpretation as weak, whereas I take Crowell’s externalist interpretation to be ambivalent. Crowell’s excellent but somewhat embryonic interpretation leaves the dependence relation between content and the real world ambiguous. I clarify this relation by assessing McGinn’s argument for the philosophical significance of externalism from the Husserlian viewpoint. Although this study is historical, it also serves a systematic purpose because the externalist interpretation of Husserl calls into question central issues in phenomenology and externalism.
Effect of Superheat on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Al-7Si-2Fe Alloy
Authors: Mathew James , Williams Mark A , Srirangam Prakash
Published: November 2023

Recycling of aluminum (Al) alloys is critical to meet the demands of global net zero emission targets. The major challenge in the recycling of Al alloys is the presence of a higher content of iron as an impurity in Al alloy scraps, which deteriorates the mechanical properties of recycled alloys. In the present work, Al-7%Si alloys and Al-7%Si-2Fe alloys were cast at three different superheat temperatures to study the effect of superheat on the formation of iron intermetallic particles in these alloys. Microstructure–mechanical properties correlations were carried out using SEM-EDS and tensile testing of the alloys. 3D x-ray computed tomography (XCT) results show that the β-phase intermetallic particles were observed to be large and platelet-shaped in the Al-7Si-2Fe alloy cast at 700°C, while these particles appeared to be finer and uniformly distributed throughout the sample in the alloy cast at 900°C. XCT results show the presence of large shrinkage porosity in the Al-7Si-2Fe alloy cast at 700°C, due to the presence of large intermetallic particles which hinder the flow of molten metal during solidification of the alloys. Tensile test results show that the addition of 2% iron resulted in a significant reduction in the elongation of the alloy at all superheat temperatures.
Kinetic modeling of phenolic compounds extraction from nutshells: influence of particle size, temperature and solvent ratio
Authors: Dulo Benson , De Somer Tobias , Moyo Mqondisi , Nakyese Eva , Githaiga John , Raes Katleen , De Meester Steven
Published: November 2023

This paper studies the effects of particle size, temperature and ethanol–water solvent ratio on the extraction of total phenolic compounds (TPC) from peanut, coconut, and macadamia nutshells. Using an I-optimal design, the maximum TPC extraction obtained from the shells ranged from 63.5 ± 1.6 to 76.2 ± 3.1 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE) per 100 g dry weight (dw) of nutshell. Next, a response surface model (RSM) was developed to describe the relationship between the process parameters and the extracted TPC concentration, in order to predict the optimal extraction conditions. For all of the examined biomasses, the optimal conditions for extraction were predicted at a particle size of 1 mm, temperature of 75 °C and ethanol/water mixture of 54, 53 and 65% ethanol, for peanut, coconut and macadamia nutshells respectively. Particle size seems to be the most important parameter, while temperature appears to be of lesser importance. Besides, the extraction kinetics were assessed by fitting kinetic models on the experimental data. The combined second-order diffusional model provided the best goodness of fit. This model revealed that, at the boundary layer, the effect of washing mechanism of extraction is more important than extraction due to diffusion kinetics. This study provides an understanding of the mass transfer mechanism involved in the TPC extraction process from nutshells, which yields valuable insights that could facilitate the industrial biorefinery of nutshells.

Graphical Abstract
Intergenerational Transmission of Trust in Criminal Justice Authorities Among Late Adolescents in the Netherlands
Authors: Nivette Amy , de Weegh Amina op , Jaspers Eva
Published: November 2023

Relationships with parents, teachers, and peers can expose youth to different types of authority and legal orientations. In particular, parents are expected to play a key role in shaping youth’s perceptions of authority, as they are considered the primary agents of socialization throughout childhood and adolescence. However, few have directly assessed the intergenerational transmission of trust in authorities from parent to child and the mechanisms by which transmission is more or less effective. The current study assesses to what extent parental trust in criminal justice authorities (i.e., police and judges) is associated with trust in criminal justice authorities among a diverse sample of young adults in the Netherlands. Drawing from research on socialization and youth development, we also evaluate to what extent the quality of relationship with the parent conditions the degree of intergenerational transmission of trust in criminal justice authorities. Overall, we found that parental trust in criminal justice authorities measured when the youth were aged 19–20 was positively related to youth trust 1 year later. The quality of the relationship between parents and children was not directly related to youths’ trust in authorities, and for the most part did not moderate the effect of parent trust on youth trust.
The influence of discipline abstractness on student satisfaction in the ICT field: a study of chinese universities’ inter-disciplinary construal levels
Authors: Malik Tariq H. , Sun Chenxi , Zhang Gao-Yuan
Published: November 2023

Information and communication technology (ICT) has witnessed a surge in student enrolment and publications, reflecting its increasing demand and supply. However, the literature has largely overlooked the wellbeing and satisfaction of students pursuing ICT education. This study aims to bridge this gap by examining students’ satisfaction levels in response to abstract and concrete disciplines within the ICT field across Chinese universities. Drawing upon a sample of 893 universities based on 31 disciplines and spanning 31 provinces, the authors employ a multilevel mixed-method approach. With a dataset of 3,507 observations, self-reported surveys were conducted to gauge student satisfaction. The findings of this study reveal that abstract disciplines in the ICT field contribute to higher levels of student satisfaction compared to concrete disciplines across Chinese universities. These results highlight the importance of considering the abstract-concrete dimension in shaping students’ educational experiences and overall satisfaction within the ICT field. This study provides valuable insights for educational institutions, policymakers, and stakeholders in the ICT education domain to enhance students’ wellbeing and satisfaction. By recognising the impact of discipline abstractness on student satisfaction, universities can tailor their programs and curricula to meet students’ evolving needs and preferences, ultimately fostering a more positive and fulfilling educational environment in the ICT field across Chinese universities.
Use of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles in Wilderness Search and Rescue Operations: A Scoping Review
Authors: Vincent-Lambert Craig , Pretorius Anje , Van Tonder Bernard
Published: November 2023

Wilderness Search and Rescue (WSAR) focuses on locating and extricating missing persons in remote settings. As unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) or “drone” technology has evolved, so has the literature describing its application in WSAR operations. We conducted a scoping review of literature that describes the use of UAVs in WSAR contexts. The Joanna Briggs Institute Framework for scoping reviews was followed using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews method. Additional individual databases, article reference lists, and relevant grey literature were also included in the search to provide an impartial scope. Seven hundred forty-seven articles were identified. Of these, 56 were found to be duplicates. The remaining 691 were further screened and checked for eligibility. Ultimately, 21 studies were found that met our inclusion criteria. This literature supports the use of UAVs to increase the safety and efficiency of a WSAR operation for locating victims, assessing risks, carrying equipment, and restoring communication systems. Unmanned aerial vehicles are a potentially useful adjunct in the management of WSAR operations. Their limitations include objects obscuring victims, weather changes, uneven terrain, battery-limited flight time, and susceptibility to environmental damage.
The Role of Glacier Erosion in Riverine Particulate Organic Carbon Export
Authors: Behnke Megan I. , Fellman Jason B. , Nagorski Sonia , Spencer Robert G. M. , Hood Eran
Published: November 2023

Biospheric particulate organic carbon (POCbio) burial and rock petrogenic particulate organic carbon (POCpetro) oxidation are opposing long‐term controls on the global carbon cycle, sequestering and releasing carbon, respectively. Here, we examine how watershed glacierization impacts the POC source by assessing the concentration and isotopic composition (δ13C and Δ14C) of POC exported from four watersheds with 0%–49% glacier coverage across a melt season in Southeast Alaska. We used two mixing models (age‐weight percent and dual carbon isotope) to calculate concentrations of POCbio and POCpetro within the bulk POC pool. The fraction POCpetro contribution was highest in the heavily glacierized watershed (age‐weight percent: 0.39 ± 0.05; dual isotope: 0.42 (0.37–0.47)), demonstrating a glacial source of POCpetro to fjords. POCpetro was mobilized via glacier melt and subglacial flow, while POCbio was largely flushed from the non‐glacierized landscape by rain. Flow normalized POCbio concentrations exceeded POCpetro concentrations for all streams, but surprisingly were highest in the heavily glacierized watershed (mean: 0.70 mgL−1; range 0.16–1.41 mgL−1), suggesting that glacier rivers can contribute substantial POCbio to coastal waters. Further, the most heavily glacierized watershed had the highest sediment concentration (207 mgL−1; 7–708 mgL−1), and thus may facilitate long‐term POCbio protection via sediment burial in glacier‐dominated fjords. Our results suggest that continuing glacial retreat will decrease POC concentrations and increase POCbio:POCpetro exported from currently glacierized watersheds. Glacier retreat may thus decrease carbon storage in marine sediments and provide a positive feedback mechanism to climate change that is sensitive to future changes in POCpetro oxidation.
Global ULF Waves Excited by Solar Wind Dynamic Pressure Impulses: 2. The Spatial Distribution Asymmetry
Authors: Xie Zi‐Kang , Zong Q. G. , Ren Jie , Yue Chao , Liu Zhi‐Yang , Liu Jian‐Jun , Hu Ze‐Jun , Li Xing‐Yu , Yan Yun , Yin Ze‐Fan , Li Li , Gjerloev J. W.
Published: November 2023

Asymmetry is a prevalent characteristic in numerous space physics phenomena. In this study, we investigate the statistical properties and spatial variations of ultra‐low frequency power globally after positive dynamic pressure pulses, utilizing high‐resolution magnetic field data from SuperMAG between 2012 and 2019. Specifically, we focus on the dawn‐dusk and north‐south asymmetries of Pc2‐5 fluctuations. Our analysis reveals that the power enhancement in the Pc2 band at approximately 30° magnetic latitude (MLAT) in the southern hemisphere is attributable to the South Atlantic Anomaly region. At MLAT ≈ 15°, the power of Pc3‐5 waves in both hemispheres exhibits a local minimum, which is associated with the strong coupling of compressional and Alfvén waves. Moreover, around MLAT = 60°, the dawnside Pc5 wave power exceeds that on the duskside when the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) is westward, and the result is reversed when the IMF is eastward. Notably, Pc3‐5 wave power from MLAT = 30° to MLAT = 75° in the northern hemisphere is generally higher than that in the southern hemisphere. In regions with MLAT > 75°, which corresponds to the polar cap between 0 and 15 magnetic local time, the power of Pc3 pulsations is higher during summer in the northern hemisphere and higher during winter in the southern hemisphere. These findings underscore the significant role of the solar wind and the IMF in controlling geomagnetic pulsations and further deepen our understanding of the coupling between fluctuations in the ionosphere and the magnetosphere.
HMGB1 induces hepcidin upregulation in astrocytes and causes an acute iron surge and subsequent ferroptosis in the postischemic brain
Authors: Davaanyam Dashdulam , Lee Hahnbi , Seol Song-I , Oh Sang-A , Kim Seung-Woo , Lee Ja-Kyeong
Published: November 2023

Dysregulation of brain iron levels causes functional disturbances and damages neurons. Hepcidin (a peptide hormone) plays a principal role in regulating intracellular iron levels by modulating ferroportin (FPN, the only known iron exporter) through triggering its internalization and lysosomal degradation. We observed a significant and rapid iron surge in the cortices of ischemic hemispheres at 3 h after cerebral ischemia (middle cerebral artery occlusion, MCAO) that was maintained until 4 d post-MCAO. We showed upregulation of hepcidin expression in the brain as early as 3 h post-MCAO, mainly in astrocytes, and significant hepcidin accumulation in serum from 6 h post-MCAO, and these inductions were maintained for 1 day and 7 days, respectively. High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), a prototypic danger-associated molecular pattern, accumulates markedly after transient MCAO and plays critical roles in damage aggravation via its proinflammatory effects. Here, we demonstrated that treatment with recombinant HMGB1 stimulated astrocytes to induce hepcidin expression in a TLR4- and CXCR4-dependent manner. Furthermore, hepcidin-mediated intracellular iron accumulation in neurons was confirmed by an experiment using N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)-conditioned medium-treated primary astrocytes and fresh primary cortical neurons treated with hepcidin-containing astrocyte-conditioned medium. Moreover, HMGB1-mediated local hepcidin upregulation and subsequent local iron surge were found to cause ferroptosis in the postischemic brain, which was suppressed by the functional blocking of HMGB1 using intranasally administered HMGB1 A box or anti-HMGB1 antibody. These findings show that HMGB1 serves as a ferroptosis inducer by upregulating hepcidin in astrocytes and thus aggravates acute damage in the postischemic brain.
D-mannose is a rapid inducer of ACSS2 to trigger rapid and long-lasting antidepressant responses through augmenting BDNF and TPH2 levels
Authors: Chen Nuo , Zhao Ming , Guo Yaxin , Wu Nan , Cao Baihui , Zhan Bing , Zhou Tian , Li Yubin , Zhu Faliang , Chen WanJun , Li Yan , Zhang Lining
Published: November 2023

The potentiation of synaptic plasticity and serotonin generation by brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and tryptophan hydroxylase 2 (TPH2) is well characterized to facilitate rapid and long-lasting antidepressant actions. Therefore, the identification of the key protein that simultaneously controls both BDNF and TPH2 is important for the treatment of depression. We show here that a lack of acetyl-CoA synthetase short-chain family member 2 (ACSS2) causes impairments in BDNF-dependent synaptic plasticity and tryptophan hydroxylase 2 (TPH2)-mediated serotonin generation, thereby contributing to spontaneous and chronic restraint stress (CRS)-induced depressive-like behavior in mice. Conversely, D-mannose is identified as a rapid ACSS2 inducer and thus mediates rapid and long-lasting antidepressant-like effects. Mechanistically, acute and chronic D-mannose administration inhibits the phosphorylation of EF2 to increase BDNF levels and reverse the reduction of TPH2 histone acetylation and transcription. We reveal that ACSS2 promotes TPH2 histone acetylation and transcription with the requirement of AMPK activation. To elevate nuclear ACSS2 levels, D-mannose can rapidly and persistently activate AMPK via Ca2+-CAMKK2 and the lysosomal AXIN-LKB1 pathway to facilitate its fast-acting and persistent antidepressant responses. Taken together, the results presented here reveal that ACSS2 functions as a novel target to link rapid and persistent antidepressant actions and further suggest that D-mannose is a potential therapeutic agent to resist depression through its augmentation of the ACSS2 dependent BDNF and TPH2 pathways.
Cancer-associated fibroblasts actively compress cancer cells and modulate mechanotransduction
Authors: Barbazan Jorge , Pérez-González Carlos , Gómez-González Manuel , Dedenon Mathieu , Richon Sophie , Latorre Ernest , Serra Marco , Mariani Pascale , Descroix Stéphanie , Sens Pierre , Trepat Xavier , Vignjevic Danijela Matic
Published: November 2023

During tumor progression, cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) accumulate in tumors and produce an excessive extracellular matrix (ECM), forming a capsule that enwraps cancer cells. This capsule acts as a barrier that restricts tumor growth leading to the buildup of intratumoral pressure. Combining genetic and physical manipulations in vivo with microfabrication and force measurements in vitro, we found that the CAFs capsule is not a passive barrier but instead actively compresses cancer cells using actomyosin contractility. Abrogation of CAFs contractility in vivo leads to the dissipation of compressive forces and impairment of capsule formation. By mapping CAF force patterns in 3D, we show that compression is a CAF-intrinsic property independent of cancer cell growth. Supracellular coordination of CAFs is achieved through fibronectin cables that serve as scaffolds allowing force transmission. Cancer cells mechanosense CAF compression, resulting in an altered localization of the transcriptional regulator YAP and a decrease in proliferation. Our study unveils that the contractile capsule actively compresses cancer cells, modulates their mechanical signaling, and reorganizes tumor morphology.
Recognition and reprogramming of E3 ubiquitin ligase surfaces by α-helical peptides
Authors: Tokareva Olena S. , Li Kunhua , Travaline Tara L. , Thomson Ty M. , Swiecicki Jean-Marie , Moussa Mahmoud , Ramirez Jessica D. , Litchman Sean , Verdine Gregory L. , McGee John H.
Published: November 2023

Molecules that induce novel interactions between proteins hold great promise for the study of biological systems and the development of therapeutics, but their discovery has been limited by the complexities of rationally designing interactions between three components, and because known binders to each protein are typically required to inform initial designs. Here, we report a general and rapid method for discovering α-helically constrained (Helicon) polypeptides that cooperatively induce the interaction between two target proteins without relying on previously known binders or an intrinsic affinity between the proteins. We show that Helicons are capable of binding every major class of E3 ubiquitin ligases, which are of great biological and therapeutic interest but remain largely intractable to targeting by small molecules. We then describe a phage-based screening method for discovering “trimerizer” Helicons, and apply it to reprogram E3s to cooperatively bind an enzyme (PPIA), a transcription factor (TEAD4), and a transcriptional coactivator (β-catenin).
Charge-altering releasable transporters enhance mRNA delivery in vitro and exhibit in vivo tropism
Authors: Li Zhijian , Amaya Laura , Pi Ruoxi , Wang Sean K. , Ranjan Alok , Waymouth Robert M. , Blish Catherine A. , Chang Howard Y. , Wender Paul A.
Published: November 2023

The introduction of more effective and selective mRNA delivery systems is required for the advancement of many emerging biomedical technologies including the development of prophylactic and therapeutic vaccines, immunotherapies for cancer and strategies for genome editing. While polymers and oligomers have served as promising mRNA delivery systems, their efficacy in hard-to-transfect cells such as primary T lymphocytes is often limited as is their cell and organ tropism. To address these problems, considerable attention has been placed on structural screening of various lipid and cation components of mRNA delivery systems. Here, we disclose a class of charge-altering releasable transporters (CARTs) that differ from previous CARTs based on their beta-amido carbonate backbone (bAC) and side chain spacing. These bAC-CARTs exhibit enhanced mRNA transfection in primary T lymphocytes in vitro and enhanced protein expression in vivo with highly selective spleen tropism, supporting their broader therapeutic use as effective polyanionic delivery systems.
Regulation of symbiotic interactions and primitive lichen differentiation by UMP1 MAP kinase in Umbilicaria muhlenbergii
Authors: Wang Yanyan , Li Rong , Wang Diwen , Qian Ben , Bian Zhuyun , Wei Jiangchun , Wei Xinli , Xu Jin-Rong
Published: November 2023

Lichens are of great ecological importance but mechanisms regulating lichen symbiosis are not clear. Umbilicaria muhlenbergii is a lichen-forming fungus amenable to molecular manipulations and dimorphic. Here, we established conditions conducive to symbiotic interactions and lichen differentiation and showed the importance of UMP1 MAP kinase in lichen development. In the initial biofilm-like symbiotic complexes, algal cells were interwoven with pseudohyphae covered with extracellular matrix. After longer incubation, fungal-algal complexes further differentiated into primitive lichen thalli with a melanized cortex-like and pseudoparenchyma-like tissues containing photoactive algal cells. Mutants deleted of UMP1 were blocked in pseudohyphal growth and development of biofilm-like complexes and primitive lichens. Invasion of dividing mother cells that contributes to algal layer organization in lichens was not observed in the ump1 mutant. Overall, these results showed regulatory roles of UMP1 in symbiotic interactions and lichen development and suitability of U. muhlenbergii as a model for studying lichen symbiosis.
Deep temporal networks for EEG-based motor imagery recognition
Authors: Sharma Neha , Upadhyay Avinash , Sharma Manoj , Singhal Amit
Published: November 2023

The electroencephalogram (EEG) based motor imagery (MI) signal classification, also known as motion recognition, is a highly popular area of research due to its applications in robotics, gaming, and medical fields. However, the problem is ill-posed as these signals are non-stationary and noisy. Recently, a lot of efforts have been made to improve MI signal classification using a combination of signal decomposition and machine learning techniques but they fail to perform adequately on large multi-class datasets. Previously, researchers have implemented long short-term memory (LSTM), which is capable of learning the time-series information, on the MI-EEG dataset for motion recognition. However, it can not model very long-term dependencies present in the motion recognition data. With the advent of transformer networks in natural language processing (NLP), the long-term dependency issue has been widely addressed. Motivated by the success of transformer algorithms, in this article, we propose a transformer-based deep learning neural network architecture that performs motion recognition on the raw BCI competition III IVa and IV 2a datasets. The validation results show that the proposed method achieves superior performance than the existing state-of-the-art methods. The proposed method produces classification accuracy of 99.7% and 84% on the binary class and the multi-class datasets, respectively. Further, the performance of the proposed transformer-based model is also compared with LSTM.