bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Off‐grid DOA estimation based on compressed sensing with gain/phase uncertainties
Authors: Hu Bin , Wu Xiaochuan , Zhang Xin , Yang Qiang , Deng Weibo
Published: August 2018

A semi‐definite programming‐total least squares (SDP‐TLS) method based on compressed sensing for the off‐grid direction‐of‐arrival (DOA) estimation with gain/phase uncertainties is proposed. On a discrete grid, the accuracy of DOA estimation will degrade because of the basis mismatch when the true DOAs do not coincide with the angular grid that is divided. The accuracy of DOA estimation would be worse if the gain/phase uncertainties are present but overlooked. In order to eliminate the influence of the gain/phase uncertainties and solve the off‐grid problem at the same time, a SDP‐TLS method is proposed. First, the problem needed to be solved into a framework of total least‐squares (TLS) is transformed. Then an alternating descent algorithm to solve this problem is developed. In the proposed algorithm, the off‐grid DOA is estimated by semi‐definite programming, using TLS approach to update gain/phase uncertainties through iterations. Simulation results show that the SDP‐TLS method can help to improve the accuracy of off‐grid DOA estimation with the gain/phase uncertainties than the existing algorithms.
DFIG stator flux‐oriented control scheme execution for test facilities utilising commercial converters
Authors: Sarma Nur , Tuohy Paul M. , Apsley Judith M. , Wang Yingzhao , Djurović Siniša
Published: August 2018

The utilisation of conventional industrial converters for development of doubly‐fed induction generator (DFIG) test facilities poses an attractive prospect as it would provide proprietary commercial protection and functionality. However, standard commercial converters present significant challenges in attainable DFIG operational capability. This is due to the fact that they are designed for execution of a limited set of pre‐programmed common control modes. They typically do not cater for execution of complicated stator flux‐oriented vector control (SFOC) schemes required for DFIG drive control. The research work presented in this study reports a methodology that enables effective implementation of SFOC on industrial converters through a dedicated external real‐time platform and a velocity/position communication module. The reported scheme is validated in laboratory experiments on an experimental DFIG test‐rig facility. The presented principles are general and are therefore applicable to conventional DFIG drive architectures utilising standard industrial converters.
The atmosphere of WASP-17b: Optical high-resolution transmission spectroscopy
Authors: Khalafinejad Sara , Salz Michael , Cubillos Patricio E. , Zhou George , von Essen Carolina , Husser Tim-Oliver , Bayliss Daniel D. R. , López-Morales Mercedes , Dreizler Stefan , Schmitt Jürgen H. M. M. , Lüftinger Theresa
Published: August 2018

High-resolution transmission spectroscopy is a method for understanding the chemical and physical properties of upper exoplanetary atmospheres. Due to large absorption cross-sections, resonance lines of atomic sodium D-lines (at 5889.95 and 5895.92 Å) produce large transmission signals. Our aim is to unveil the physical properties of WASP-17b through an accurate measurement of the sodium absorption in the transmission spectrum. We analyze 37 high-resolution spectra observed during a single transit of WASP-17b with the MIKE instrument on the 6.5 m Magellan Telescopes. We exclude stellar flaring activity during the observations by analyzing the temporal variations of Hα and Ca II infrared triplet (IRT) lines. We then obtain the excess absorption light curves in wavelength bands of 0.75, 1, 1.5, and 3 Å around the center of each sodium line (i.e., the light curve approach). We model the effects of differential limb-darkening, and the changing planetary radial velocity on the light curves. We also analyze the sodium absorption directly in the transmission spectrum, which is obtained by dividing in-transit by out-of-transit spectra (i.e., the division approach). We then compare our measurements with a radiative transfer atmospheric model. Our analysis results in a tentative detection of exoplanetary sodium: we measure the width and amplitude of the exoplanetary sodium feature to be σNa = (0.128 ± 0.078) Å and ANa = (1.7 ± 0.9)% in the excess light curve approach and σNa = (0.850 ± 0.034) Å and ANa = (1.3 ± 0.6)% in the division approach. By comparing our measurements with a simple atmospheric model, we retrieve an atmospheric temperature of 15501550 −200+700 K and radius (at 0.1 bar) of 1.81 ± 0.02 RJup for WASP-17b.
Climatic modeling of the distribution of Oxytropis triphylla (Fabaceae) by maximum entropy method
Authors: Baikov Konstantin , Krivenko Denis
Published: August 2018

Predictive spatial models of the distribution of Oxytropis triphylla (Pall.) Pers. (Fabaceae), an endemic species of Baikal Siberia, were generated in MAXENT computer program using maximum entropy method. Long-term data of air temperatures for every month of the year were downloaded from the world database of open access WorldClim. Modeling was performed separately for minimum, average and maximum temperatures. Each variable contribution to the modeling was the basis to select the key variables having higher influence on the obtained models. The selected 10 key variables are the following: minimum temperatures of December and January; average temperatures of October, December, January and February; maximum temperatures of November, December, January and February. Then a model of the second level was calculated using only the ten key variables. There are three northern localities in the zone of adverse temperature effects: cape Malyi Cheremshanyi, Chencha and Sakhuli villages (all of them are in the Republic of Buryatia). It has been experimentally confirmed that the values of the key variables along the coasts of the Maloe More of Lake Baikal (Irkutskaya Oblast) are the most favorable for habitation of O. triphylla in this part of its range.
Forest vegetation assessment using geoinformation tools: a case of the Burla pine forest, Novosibirsk Region, Russia
Authors: Chernikova Tatiyana S. , Otmakhov Yury S. , Daibova Daria D.
Published: August 2018

The paper presents the vegetation thematic classification of the Burla banded pine forest carried on using "Canopus-V" remote sensing data and the supervised classification technique by a spectral angle mapper. Areas of selected elements have been assessed: 1. Pine forests, 2. Birch forests; 3. Meadows; 4. Anthropogenic objects (roads, etc.); 5. Agricultural lands; 6. Water objects. Sites of anthropogenic disturbed forests are identified according to remote sensing data. The results show that the data obtained in the classification by a spectral angle can be used to compile geobotanical maps, but due to low spectral resolution of Canopus-V satellite data, it is not always possible to classify individual objects validlys.
Identification of artificial interspecific hybrids in the genus Elymus (Poaceae) by using ISSRmarkers
Authors: Emtseva Maria , Agafonov Alexander
Published: August 2018

Reproductive relationships between species of the genus Elymus (Poaceae) from mixed populations of the Southern Urals were studied. The true hybrids were identified by using ISSR-markers in comparison with parental biotypes. The presence in the true hybrids of species-specific ISSR-bands from both parental forms is provided by high level of homozygosity of species in genus Elymus, as a result of predominant self-pollination.
Fungal records database of Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug – Yugra
Authors: Filippova Nina , Bulyonkova Tatiana
Published: August 2018

The mycological research in the Northern part of Western Siberia becomes quite developed by now to be reviewed, in Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug – Yugra reaching about 150 scientific works accomplished mainly from the second half of XXI century. There is even greater need in accumulating fungal records reported from different publications in a standardized regional database. This database should be organized according to contemporary demands of biodiversity informatics, to be compatible and accessible by other researchers. Organized in 2016, the Fungal Records Database of Yugra, presently contains about 14000 records of 2500 species of fungi and fungi-like organisms recorded in the area. This paper describes the database organization and accumulated fungal records and introduces the research conducted in the field of mycology in Yugra from the beginning of the XX century up to present.
Comparative analysis of chemical composition of Miscanthus var. Soranovskii
Authors: Gismatulina Yulia A. , Budaeva Vera V.
Published: August 2018

The search for alternative sources of cellulose is currently getting special importance. Miscanthus holds promise as a cellulosic feedstock with a high potential for industrial-scale cultivation. The present study reports an analysis done for seven years of the chemical composition of the aboveground biomass of Miscanthus var. Soranovskii as a source for producing bioethanol. The aboveground biomass of Miscanthus was found to have a high cellulose content (about 50%), irrespective of the age, and it is therefore reasonable to utilize this cultivar for bioethanol production.
Specialized pollinators and seed production of Trollius species introduced in Western Siberia
Authors: Gusar Anastasiya , Buglova Lubov
Published: August 2018

In five species of Trollius L., seed production of fruits was studied, plants being grown in culture in the forest steppe zone in Western Siberia. 2 species representing Chiastocheta genus were identified as specialized pollinators (Diptera, Anthomyiidae). Those insects pollinate the flowers and damage the seeds of three globeflower species: T. apertus, T. europaeus T. asiaticus. The flower season of other two species (T. chinensis and T. ledebourii) starts later and the plants can’t be exposed to invasion, as Chiastocheta flies are at their larval stage yet. Pollination of these species is performed by non-specialized agents. The lowest rate of seed production realization of about 20% is registered in T. europaeus, while in T. ledebourii it is the highest comprising 71%. We consider the flies of Chiastocheta genus as an important part of the complex of factors lowering seed productivity in Trollius and their relationship as parasitism. Thus, in West Siberia for Trollius seed production increase, measures intended to reduce Chiastocheta abundance will be useful.
Mycobiota features of aphyllophorales mushrooms in arid conditions of the south-east Euroopean Russia
Authors: Kuragina Nadezhda
Published: August 2018

An analysis of the biota of the aphyllophorales mushrooms carried out in the territory of the Volga-Akhtuba floodplain natural park within the Volgograd region. Based on the results of the conducted researches, 170 species of the study group are noted in the park. The great majority of identified species are saprotrophs on dead fallen wood. The largest number of species was found on Quercus robur, Populus alba, P. nigra и Fraxinus lanceolata. The largest number mushrooms ecological groups for moisture are mesophiles and xerophiles, which is typical for the arid zone.
The results of the introduction of Juglans mandshurica Maxim. into the oak-woods of the Khopyor region
Authors: Ovcharenko Anastasia , Ovcharenko Alevtina
Published: August 2018

An analysis of the results of the introduction of Juglans mandshurica Maxim. into the flood-plain oak-woods of the Khopyor is conducted. The total bioecological assessment and prospects of the introduction into the natural flood-plain oak-woods of the Middle Khopyor region for the enrichment of their species composition with the aim of enhancing the sustainability of these ecosystems and optimization of their ecological functions are given. The compliance of the environmental conditions of the growth of introduced stands in the middle reaches of the Khopyor River, original within the natural distribution area is found. Alongside with the identified typical directions of reduction in the indicators of the stability and productivity of this breed in introduced centres in comparison with the natural areas there detected trends in increasing the resistance of the species in the succeeding generations, as a result of clone variability, a selection of species with a high vital potential and adaptive capacity.
The dynamics of free amino acids in the grains	Tripogon chinensis (Franch.) Hack. when germinating in the conditions of the osmotic stress
Authors: Plyaskina Irina , Bondarevich Evgenii , Boriskin Igor , Kotsyurzhinskaya Natalia , Ishina Ludmila
Published: August 2018

The content of free amino acids in seeds and sprouts of T. chinensis in the control and at an osmotic pressure of 5 atm. was determined. The group of acidic and basic amino acids predominates in seeds. An adaptive reaction to a physiological drought is the transformation of the free amino acids metabolism. This is expressed in an increase in the total amount of free amino acids at the osmotic pressure of 5 atm., providing the osmotic component of adaptation. Under the conditions of the osmotic stress, the concentration of acidic and basic amino acids increases up to 48 hours, this may be due to the continued hydrolysis of reserve proteins. Under the influence of the osmotic stress there are changes in the group of amino acids, the metabolic precursor of which is glutamic acid. The amino acids, a part of this group, exhibit protective, signaling properties. Thus, the increase in the arginine concentration and ornithine is noted; this indicates the activation of the ornithine cycle and on the increase of amino acids catabolism. The revealed features can ensure the successful germination of T. chinensis grains under the conditions of the physiological drought.
Age structure of coenopopulation of Fragaria vesca L. in the natural and transformed habitats
Authors: Romanova Natalya , Olefirenko Irina
Published: August 2018

The article describes the types of ontogenetic spectra of Fragaria vesca L. growing in the natural and broken habitats. It shows that the character of age spectra did not differ and invariably remained in both ecotopes for the years of the research. The old individuals were frequently found in an atypical habitat than in natural one. The nature of self-maintenance of coenopopulation of a species is typical for its biomorph and does not depend on the place of growth.
Anatomic structure of leaf of some species of Hemerocallis genus
Authors: Sedelnikova Lyudmila , Cheltygmasheva Lina
Published: August 2018

This is research of anatomic features of structure of leaf of 4 species of Hemerocallis genus in the conditions of forest-steppe zone of Western Siberia. It is provided the description of upper and lower epidermis, cross section of leaf. It is revealed that the structure of lamina is characterized by xeromesophytic characters. It is mentioned species specificity in arrangement of adaxial and abaxial stomas pursuant thereto leaves of two types of daylily are amphistomatic and hypostomatic. The greatest number of stomas observed on the abaxial part of leaf (53 – 72 pieces per 1 sq.mm). The conductive system of leaf is presented by well developed bunches of collateral type alternating with large pneumatic cavities.
Phenolic compounds of Bistorta alopecuroides (Turcz. ex Meissn.) Kom. (Polygonaceae) from different populations of Siberia and the Far East
Authors: Voronkova Maria , Vysochina Galina
Published: August 2018

The article considers research of the phenolic compounds composition and content in leaves of Bistorta alopecuroides (Turcz. Ex Meissn.) Kom. from different populations using HPLC methods. It shows that B. alopecuroides component composition is quite variable and depends on many environmental factors, such as microclimate, altitude, technogenic pollution. Isovitixin, rutin and flavonolglycoside (tR = 9.2 min; UV 273, 355 nm) compounds are found in B. alopecuroides leaves of all studied populations. B. alopecuroides growing in high mountains and under technogenic pollution conditions have the highest content of phenolic compounds, which confirms their adaptive role in plant metabolism. The total content of phenolic compounds in leaves of B. alopecuroides plants reaches 20.82mg/g.
Mathematical modeling of ignition of coal-water slurries particles coated with water film
Authors: Afanaseva V.G.
Published: August 2018

The results of the mathematical modeling of heat and mass transfer processes occurring jointly with ignition of coal-water slurries particles covered with a water film are presented. It is shown that water film thickness can have a significant effect on the ignition dynamics. In addition, it was found out that the main fuel layer is heated to the evaporation temperature during water film evaporation. As a result, following processes of thermal preparation (evaporation of moisture, thermal decomposition) occur faster.
An experimental study of the dynamics of ascent of the bubble system in the presence of a surfactant
Authors: Antonnikova Alexandra , Basalaev Sergey , Usanina Anna , Maslov Eugene
Published: August 2018

This paper presents investigations on the new experimental setup for obtaining a compact cluster of monodisperse bubbles of a given diameter is presented. Also we provided the results of experimental study of the bubble cluster floating-up in the presence of a surfactant in a wide range of Reynolds numbers. There was held a comparison of the dynamics of the floating-up of a monodisperse bubble cluster in a glycerol medium and in the medium glycerin supplemented with a surfactant.
Modeling of conjugated heat and mass transfer in the entrance region of falling liquid film at various values of the Froude number
Authors: Bartashevich Maria V.
Published: August 2018

Mathematical model of conjugated heat and mass transfer in absorption on the entrance region of the semi-infinite liquid film of lithium bromide water solution is investigated for different values of Froude number. The calculations shown that larger values of Froude number corresponds to a smaller thickness of the falling film. It was demonstrated that for large values of the Froude number the heat transfer from the surface is greater than for smaller values.
Research of parameters of the steam boiler BKZ-220-100 at joint burning of natural gas and low-grade fuel
Authors: Vorontsova Elena , Gil Andrey , Romanenko Alexander
Published: August 2018

In this article the research of prospects of use of low-grade brown coal of the Talovsky Deposit of the Tomsk region as fuel for local power is carried out. The study is carried out by checking calculations of the steam boiler BKZ–220–100. The result of the study is to obtain data on the parameters of the boiler during the combustion of brown talovsky coal as the main fuel, as well as in a mixture with natural gas or Kuznetsk coal.
The comparison of complexities of the Chinese and Russian languages on the example of terminology of chemistry
Authors: Ivanova Zhanna K. , Kobenko Juri V. , Kulkova Mariya A. , Riabova Elena S.
Published: August 2018

The article presents the examples of comparing chemical terms in the Chinese and Russian languages and the results of two experiments conducted with Chinese and Russian students. The first part of the work deals with a comparison of the one–component chemical element names from the periodic table. Then, it continues with dividing different chemical terms in Chinese into several groups: two–component, three–component, four–component, multicomponent group and comparing them with its analogical terms in Russian to analyze the main difficulties in understanding these terms in both languages. The second part of the work presents the main difficulties, revealed during two experiments, conducted with Chinese and Russian students. The students were given texts in their mother tongues with a chemical context, which they wrote and read noting the time. At the end of the work, all the advantages and complexities revealed in the results of the first and second parts of the work were calculated. Similar language comparisons are becoming more relevant in the last few years, for they contribute to development of methods of analyzing languages and discovering new and improved approaches to the study and use of languages.
Simulating a convectional heat transfer in buildings with radiant gas heating
Authors: Ermolaev Anton N. , Khaustova Olga V. , Turaev Ilya A.
Published: August 2018

The paper presents the results of the simulation of convectional heat transfer in buildings with radiant gas heating. The study is provided by numerical researches based on existing buildings and numerical studies with the use of modern software ANSYS Multiphysics Fluent, Autodesk Inventor. The data reliability is ensured by the use of fundamental laws in regards to numerical researches and approved mathematic models application; certificated measuring equipment; licensed software products; matching of numerical and experimental researches; matching of the simulation with other works. The simulation of luminous infrared gas emitters of all thermal powers (5, 10, 15, 20, 30, 40 kW) in pre-wall and central placements at heights of 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 m was conducted. Gas-fired infrared heat emitters with heat output of 5, 10, 15, 20, 30, 40 kW were studied. Obtained function of IR-heated zone diameter is close to logarithmic function of thermal output. Effective emitter placement heights and least horizontal pitch for the given room volume were determined.
Influence of thermo-gravitational convection to temperature fields in small surroundings of the heat source
Authors: Kondakov Alexander
Published: August 2018

The mathematical modeling of temperature and velocity fields in the system “the heat source - environment - the object of heating” was conducted. The impact assessment of thermo-gravitational convection to the temperature field in comparison with the model of conductive heat transfer was done.
Internal stress distribution in weld-affected zone under the effect of constrained loads
Authors: Hapov Nikita V. , Kulesh Aigul S. , Gerasimov Anton A.
Published: August 2018

The paper presents the experimental results of identify the redistribution pattern under the influence of mechanic cycle loads. The subject of the research was the weld metal zone of the uniform joint made of steel X12Cr1MoV. The research method was to organize the mechanic cyclic deformation of sample and to increase the load in each regular load cycle. The result of the work is the determination of sign-variable pattern of internal stress changes under deformation leading to propagation of fatigue and destruction.
Numerical investigation of localization and suppression of thermal decomposition of forest combustible materials using specialized water supply
Authors: Antonov Dmitrii , Kuznetsov Geniy , Zhdanova Alena
Published: August 2018

The danger of forest fires and their large-scale consequences are becoming ever more complex problems for mankind every year. The results of numerical studies of heat transfer processes under suppressing the thermal decomposition reaction of forest combustible materials by films and groups of water droplets are presented. We used forest combustible materials, typical for the Siberian region. We have established the relationship between the dimensions of the heated near-surface layer of the material and the thickness of the film layer of the liquid that evaporated when the thermal decomposition reaction was suppressed in forest combustible materials. Typical times of suppression of the thermal decomposition reaction of typical forest combustible materials are given when the water film on the surface evaporates. The influence of the mutual arrangement of droplets on the surface of the forest combustible material and the temperature of the outer vapor-gas mixture on the times of suppression of its pyrolysis is revealed. The results can be used to develop technologies for extinguishing fires, containment of flame sources and combustion front.
Physical simulation of heat exchange between 6(10) kV voltage instrument transformer and its environment with natural convection and insolation
Authors: Litvinov Sergey N. , Lebedev Vladimir D. , Smirnov Nikolay N. , Tyutikov Vladimir V. , Makhsumov Ilkhom B.
Published: August 2018

This study examines the results of thermal tests on a 6(10) kV digital combined current and voltage transformer conducted in an environmental chamber. This measuring instrument consists of current and voltage transformers, featuring a resistive divider, and is used for commercial and technical electric power accounting. Ambient temperatures and levels of insolation on the transformer surface were set for the environmental chamber, with simulation of voltage transformer functioning in normal and emergency modes. We determined the time needed for the thermodynamic system to move to steady heat exchange mode, and also the final temperatures in the lower resistors and on the surface of the voltage transformer insulation cover. The results of our study have been used in developing algorithms for self-diagnostics of the thermal state of a digital combined transformer.
Analytical solutions of the segregation problem
Authors: Pil'nik Andrey A. , Chernov Andrey A.
Published: August 2018

New analytical solutions of the segregation problem were found. The segregation is caused by the dissolved gas displacement by a moving crystallization front. The displacement is caused by the low solubility of the volatiles in solid, so the dissolved gas is withdrawn from the crystallizing melt towards the surrounding melt. Two different modes of crystallization were considered. The first one is the case of constant crystal growth rate which takes place in the case of intensive heat removal or when only initial stage of crystallization process is considered. The second mode is the “normal growth law” which is a self-similar solution of the crystal growth problem. In this case the crystal growth rate is inversely proportional to a square root of time. In contrast to the already existing solutions here the solidification shrinkage is taken into account.
Mathematical modeling of heating of a dimetallic plate by a high-energy concentrated radiation flux
Authors: Purin Mikhail , Zakharova Ekaterina
Published: August 2018

Mathematical modeling of heat transfer processes proceeding together under conditions of intense phase transformations (melting and evaporation of metals) under laser action on a dimetallic target has been carried out. Based on the results of numerical simulation, it is established that the laser power exerts a significant influence on the dynamics of the melting process. It is shown that evaporation of metal in the boundary layer of the plate can also have a significant effect on the heat transfer characteristics. It is established that metal vapors forming a gas mixture in the near-wall region can absorb laser radiation and cause the phenomenon of optical resonance with increasing their critical concentration, in other words, when the metal melts, optical breakdown is possible.
Thermal regimes of space composite structures. Part I
Authors: Reznik Sergey
Published: August 2018

Composite materials have a unique combination of mechanical and thermal characteristics. This allows you to create lightweight, durable, heat-resistant design. In the article the common features for all space composite structures were highlighted. The article deals with the thermophysical problems arising in the design of space composite structures associated with strict requirements for their weight and functional efficiency. The feasibility of using combined heat transfer models to improve design accuracy has been shown.
Dynamics of the vapor cavity in the vertical tube of a small diameter after boiling-up in aqueous lithium bromide solutions
Authors: Slesareva Ekaterina , Dekhtyar Ruslan , Ovchinnikov Valeriy
Published: August 2018

Dynamics of a single vapor cavity, moving under gravity in a vertical tube of a small diameter, has been studied. The experiment was carried out in water and aqueous LiBr solution in a tube with the length of 400 mm and diameter of 16 mm. Experiments have shown that dynamics of the rising vapor cavity after-the-fact boiling-up of aqueous LiBr solution in a vertical tube of a small diameter for some initial conditions differs qualitatively from dynamics of a gas bubble rising in a pool. Dynamics of the vapor cavity in aqueous LiBr solution and in water demonstrates quantitative but not qualitative differences. During bubble rising in a small diameter tube to time dependence for volume and mass of the vapor bubble, the regimes with pulsations were detected.
Ignition and combustion of high-energy materials containing aluminum, boron and aluminum diboride
Authors: Korotkikh Alexander , Sorokin Ivan , Selikhova Ekaterina
Published: August 2018

Boron and its compounds are among the most promising metal fuel components to be used in solid propellants for solid fuel rocket engine and ramjet engine. Papers studying boron oxidation mostly focus on two areas: oxidation of single particles and powders of boron, as well as boron-containing composite solid propellants. This paper presents the results of an experimental study of the ignition and combustion of the high-energy material samples based on ammonium perchlorate, ammonium nitrate, and an energetic combustible binder. Powders of aluminum, amorphous boron and aluminum diboride, obtained by the SHS method, were used as the metallic fuels. It was found that the use of aluminum diboride in the solid propellant composition makes it possible to reduce the ignition delay time by 1.7–2.2 times and significantly increase the burning rate of the sample (by 4.8 times) as compared to the solid propellant containing aluminum powder. The use of amorphous boron in the solid propellant composition leads to a decrease in the ignition delay time of the sample by a factor of 2.2–2.8 due to high chemical activity and a difference in the oxidation mechanism of boron particles. The burning rate of this sample does not increase significantly.
Research of efficiency of application of external physical fields for sedimentation of liquid-droplets aerosols of different concentration
Authors: Stepkina Maria Yu. , Kudryashova Olga B. , Korovina Natalia V.
Published: August 2018

A theoretical estimation of extent of influence of physical and chemical properties and concentration of the weighed particles on evolution of parameters of a liquid-droplets aerosol is carried out in the work. A series of experiments on a research of parameters of aerosol media with a various structure and concentration characteristics of a dispersive phase under ex-ternal (ultrasonic and electrostatic) fields were made.
Research of temperature distribution in rooms with radiant heating systems
Authors: Voloshko Ivan , Ushakov Vasiliy
Published: August 2018

The results of temperature measurements in model rooms of a closed type with a system of radiant heating are presented. The temperatures of different designs' surfaces in large-sized rooms, heated by a gas infrared emitter of light type, are established. Conclusions are drawn about the mechanism of the medium's heating, depending on the conditions of heat exchange, and also on providing worker's comfortable working conditions, when the medium is heated by a gas infrared emitter.
Influence of dispersion aluminum powder on the burning rate of mixed solid fuel
Authors: Zolotorev Nikolay , Dubkova Yana , Konovalenko Aleksey
Published: August 2018

In work results of experimental study of influence dispersion of metal powder on burning rate in mixed solid fuel are provided. As metal fuel used additive of aluminum of different type depending on dispersion of powder. The prepared samples of mixed solid fuel were tested in constant volume combustion chamber. The received results of burning rate show that at reduction of dispersion of aluminum powder the burning rate of mixed solid fuel increases.
Kommentar zum Beitrag: One stage wound healing of fingertip injury induced by treatment of artificial dermis
Authors: Ludolph Ingo , Horch Raymund E.
Published: August 2018

The presented study provides an overview about fingertip injuries and the use of “artificial dermis” for wound coverage. In specialized centers fingertip injuries
are extremely common, independent of the patient´s age and sex. In the real world probably a considerable number of unreported cases are not referred to a hand
surgeon, because such injuries are often misjudged as a minor trauma. Due to this fact, an easy to learn and widely available surgical treatment would be useful. As
a result of inadequate treatment beside cosmetic aspects true functional sequelae may occur negatively influencing patients quality of life up to temporary
disability or even invalidity. We appreciate the authors conclusion that the complete treatment should be performed by a specialist whenever possible.
Skrotales Lymphödem -
Authors: Ehrl Denis , Tritschler Stefan , Haas Elisabeth Maria , Alhadlg Ahmad , Giunta Riccardo E.
Published: August 2018

Der Fallbericht beschreibt das seltene Krankheitsbild des skrotalen Lymphödems (Elephantiasis) bei einem Kaukasier. Es handelt sich dabei um die ausgeprägteste
Form der skrotalen Elephantiasis, die nach unseren Informationen bisher in Deutschland beschrieben wurde. Es soll ein Vorschlag für eine operative Therapie und
Rekonstruktion des Genitales unter Erhalt der Hoden mit einem funktionell und ästhetisch akzeptablen Ergebnis gegeben werden.
Karl Landsteiner: Entdecker der Blutgruppen in Wien – Nobelpreisträger in New York
Authors: Bauer Axel
Published: August 2018

Am 14. Juni 1868 wurde Karl Landsteiner (1868 – 1943) in Baden bei Wien geboren. Nach dem Studium der Medizin in Wien und der Chemie in München, Zürich und Würzburg arbeitete Landsteiner zwischen 1897 und 1908 am Pathologisch-Anatomischen Institut der Universität Wien, an der er sich 1903 auch habilitierte. Im Rahmen seiner Forschungen auf den Gebieten der Bakteriologie und der Serologie entdeckte er 1900/1901 das später unter der Bezeichnung AB0 bekannt gewordene System der menschlichen Blutgruppen. Der schon 1890 vom Judentum zum katholischen Glauben konvertierte Landsteiner war von 1908 – 1919 Prosektor am Wiener Wilhelminenspital, von 1919 – 1922 Prosektor am katholischen Krankenhaus in Den Haag. 1922 berief ihn Simon Flexner (1863 – 1946) an das Rockefeller Institute in New York, wo er bis zu seinem Tod als Forscher tätig war. 1930 erhielt Landsteiner den Nobelpreis für Physiologie oder Medizin für die Entdeckung der Blutgruppen. 1940 beschrieb er zusammen mit seinem Schüler Alexander Wiener (1907 – 1976) den Rhesusfaktor. Als Folge des in Österreich herrschenden Antisemitismus vor und während der NS-Zeit litt Landsteiner zeitlebens darunter, dass er nie nach Wien zurückberufen wurde. Erst 1961 wurde für ihn posthum eine Gedenktafel im Arkadenhof der Universität Wien aufgestellt.
Silent Inflammation – stumme Entzündung
Authors: Friedrichsen Hans-Peter
Published: August 2018

Silent Inflammation verläuft chronisch, niedrigschwellig und häufig über längere Zeit ohne klassische Entzündungszeichen. Diese sog. stummen Entzündungsprozesse sind Ursache und Auslöser zahlreicher chronischer Gesundheitsstörungen. Sie können Erkrankungen wie Arteriosklerose, Hypertonie, Diabetes Typ 2 begünstigen sowie Alterungsprozesse beschleunigen.

Eine nicht zu unterschätzende Bedeutung für die Entstehung und Unterhaltung der Silent Inflammation bilden Übergewicht, westliche Zivilisationskost mit einem hohen Anteil an Zucker, Junkfood, gesättigten Fetten und raffinierten Kohlenhydraten. Eine ursächliche Therapie muss daher bei der Ernährung und dem Gewichtsmanagement sowie körperlicher Aktivität ansetzen.
Vitamin D in der Schmerztherapie
Authors: Gröber Uwe , Holick Michael F.
Published: August 2018

Eine unzureichende diätetische Verfügbarkeit an neuroprotektiven Nährstoffen spielt bei der Pathogenese von Schmerzen eine wichtige Rolle. Deshalb sollte bei der Schmerzdiagnostik immer auch an die Versorgung mit Vitaminen und neuroprotektiven Nährstoffen gedacht werden. Neuroprotektive Substanzen wie Vitamin D können die pharmakologische Schmerztherapie sinnvoll unterstützen. Bei muskuloskelettalen Schmerzen unterschiedlicher Genese sollte ein Vitamin-D-Mangel (25(OH)D: < 20 ng/ml) unter ärztlicher Kontrolle ausgeglichen werden (Zielwert-25(OH)D: 40–60 ng/ml). Die Lebensqualität und Schmerzbelastung kann durch Vitamin D signifikant verbessert werden.
F.X. Mayr-Therapie – Behandlungsoption bei Silent Inflammation
Authors: Fegerl Sepp
Published: August 2018

Die F.X. Mayr-Therapie zielt auf die Wiederherstellung eines gesunden und leistungsfähigen Darmtrakts. Die Diagnostik und Therapie mit den 4 Therapieprinzipien
Schonung, Säuberung, Schulung, Substitution bilden die Basis der Behandlung. Im Zentrum stehen das Erlernen einer richtigen Esskultur mit Kauschulung,
Sensibilisierung des Geschmackssinns und des natürlichen Sättigungsgefühls sowie die geeignete Auswahl der Nahrungsmittel. Der Fasteneffekt einer Mayr-Kur
fördert die Autophagie, regeneriert den Darm und wirkt auf diese Weise Entzündungsprozessen im Körper entgegen.
Microwave-Assisted Syntheses of Thiophene-Based Ionic Liquids: Structural Design and Optimization
Authors: Domini Claudia , Silbestri Gustavo , Schiel María , Chopa Alicia
Published: August 2018

This manuscript explores microwave-assisted reactions for the synthesis of new ionic materials involving the S-alkylation of thiophene. All isolatable products have been fully characterized by NMR and all product have been quantified through UV-vis spectroscopy. By means of a design technique, the experimental protocol (25 min, 200 W, 50 °C) has been optimized, which led us to better yields (96 %). In the absence of MW activation, the conventional thermal reaction at room temperature took longer (24 – 48 h) to obtain similar results.
The Antithrombotic Potential of Dalteparin in Man Assessed Indirectly by Wessler’s Technique
Authors: Millet J , Theveniaux J , Tachon G , Bogaievsky Y , Grippat J C , Samama M , Brown N L
Published: August 2018

The aim of this study was to demonstrate the effectiveness of a new experimental approach for assessing the antithrombotic potential of low molecular weight heparins (LMWH) such as dalteparin. In this approach, sera obtained from healthy volunteers treated with various i.v. doses of dalteparin (30, 60 or 120 anti-Xa IU/kg) or placebo (physiological saline) were used as the thrombogenic challenge in a Wessler’s stasis model of experimental venous thrombosis in the rat. Sera from placebo-treated volunteers showed a stable thrombogenic activity (0.25 ml/kg of serum producing thrombi of about 50 mg wet weight). Sera from healthy volunteers having previously received dalteparin however demonstrated dose- and time-related reductions in their thrombogenic activity. Half-lives of these effects were 300, 444 and >480 min for 30,60 and 120 anti-Xa IU/kg dalteparin respectively. These values were significantly higher than the corresponding anti-Xa and anti-IIa half-lives.
Antithrombotic Activity of Dermatan Sulphates, Heparins and their Combination in an Animal Model of Arterial Thrombosis
Authors: Iacoviello Licia , D'Adamo Maria Cristina , Pawlak Krystyna , Polishchuck Roman , Wollny Tomasz , Buczko Wlodzimierz , Donati Maria Benedetta
Published: August 2018

Dermatan sulphates have been shown to inhibit thrombus formation and thrombus growth in different experimental models of venous thrombosis. At variance with heparins, they show a remarkably low haemorrhagic potential. On the other hand, very few data are available on the effect of dermatan sulphates on arterial thrombus formation. We evaluated the effects of a low molecular weight (LMW)-dermatan sulphate, a high molecular weight (HMW)-dermatan sulphate and sulo-dexide (a mixture of fast-moving heparin fraction and dermatan sulphate) in comparison with LMW- and HMW-heparin, in a model of arterial thrombosis in rats. The insertion of an artificial prosthesis into the abdominal aorta of the animals induced the formation of an occluding thrombus within 2-5 days. The time in which 50% of the loops became occluded (OT50) was also calculated and used to compare the efficacy of the different drug treatments. This was 2.84 days for control animals and 4.25 and 5.80 days for HMW- and LMW-dermatan sulphate, respectively. Neither drug changed the “template” bleeding time, even at higher doses. In contrast, HMW-heparin at doses (8 mg/kg, sc, twice a day) inducing an antithrombotic activity comparable to that of dermatan sulphates, dramatically prolonged the bleeding time. LMW-heparin at the same doses was ineffective. Sulodexide (10 mg/Kg, sc, twice a day) prolonged the occlusion time to the same extent as HMW-heparin (OT50 5.10 vs. 4.14 days), with less an effect on the bleeding time (144 ± 6 s vs. >300 s, respectively). Histological examination confirms that the prolongation of occlusion time induced by the drugs is really related to thrombus formation inhibition at the site of arterial wall injury.

Acetyl salicylic acid (ASA) (100 mg/kg/day in drinking water as lysine acetylsalicylate) did not modify the effect of Desmin 370 and Sulodexide on both occlusion and bleeding time. However, while it did not increase the antithrombotic activity of HMW-heparin, it significantly prolonged its haemorrhagic effect. In conclusion, dermatan sulphates are effective inhibitors of arterial thrombosis in rats, without inducing bleeding complications.
Effect of Proteolysis on Quantitation of Plasma Fibronectin Concentration by Two Immunoassays (Electroimmunoassay and Immunoturbidimetric Technique)
Authors: Bykowska K , Wegrzynowicz Z , Lopaciuk S , Kopeć M
Published: August 2018

Quantitation of fibronectin (FN) concentration is strongly influenced by FN fragmentation with trypsin, kallikrein and plasmin. Digestion by trypsin and kallikrein leads to a progressive decline in FN detectability by the immunoturbidimetric technique to zero values but is associated with an increase in the height of rockets in the Laurell’s electroimmunoassay. Plasmin mediated FN fragmentation induces a strong overestimation of the FN content by the electroimmunoassay and, at very high enzyme concentrations, provokes an underestimation of FN by the immunoturbidimetric technique. The decline in FN reactivity in the immunoturbidimetric assay coincides with the disappearance of heavy fractions migrating only slightly faster than native FN in SDS-PAGE. The increase in the height of rockets in the electroimmunoassay is the highest when fractions of intermediate rate of migration prevail in the SDS-PAGE pattern. Concomitant use of these two immunoassays can distinguish native FN from its degraded form and may possibly provide a partial explanation for discrepancies in published studies on the concentration of circulating FN in various pathological states.
Vitamin K Dependent Proteins in Fetal Hemostasis at Mid Trimester of Pregnancy
Authors: Forestier F , Daffos F , Rainaut M , Solé Y , Amiral J
Published: August 2018

The vitamin K dependent coagulation factor activities were measured in 63 normal human fetuses from 19 to 28 weeks of pregnancy. These activities were included between 9 to 28 percent of normal adult levels.

Prothrombin antigen, factor IX antigen and protein C were also measured. There is a good correlation between prothrombin procoagulant activity and antigenicity, suggesting that low level of these vitamin K dependent proteins in fetuses is probably a consequence of liver immaturity.
Comparative Study of Intranasal, Subcutaneous and Intravenous Administration of Desamino-D-Arginine Vasopressin (DDAVP)
Authors: Köhler M , Hellstern P , Miyashita C , Blohn G von , Wenzel E
Published: August 2018

This study was performed to evaluate the influence of different routes of administration on the efficacy of DDAVP treatment. Ten healthy volunteers received DDAVP intranasally (i.n.), subcutaneously (s.c.) and intravenously (i.v.) in a randomized cross-over trial. Factor XII and high molecular weight (HMW)-kininogen levels increased only slightly after DDAVP administration. The mean increase of factor VIII: C was 3.1 (i. v.), 2.3 (s. c.), and 1.3 (i.n.) - fold over baseline. Ristocetin cofactor (von Willebrand factor antigen) increased 3.1 (2.5), 2.0 (2.3) and 1.2 (1.2) - fold over baseline mean values after i.v., s.c. and i.n. DDAVP, respectively. The half-disappearance time of factor VIII and von Willebrand factor (vWF) after DDAVP ranged from five (factor VIII: C) to eight hours (vWF). The mean increase of fibrinolytic activity was more pronounced after i.v. DDAVP. The antidiuretic effect was moderate with no apparent differences between the routes of application. This study provides further evidence that both i.v. and s.c. DDAVP administration result in an appropriate and reliable stimulation of haemostasis. An additional advantage of s. c. administration is its suitability for home treatment.
First Population-Based Report of Infants with Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia: 30-Day Outcomes from the American College of Surgeons National Quality Improvement Program
Authors: Zani-Ruttenstock Elke , Eaton Simon , Fecteau Annie , Zani Augusto
Published: August 2018

Aim The American College of Surgeons has developed a registry, the National Quality Improvement Program Pediatric (NSQIP-P), that provides participating centers with high-quality surgical outcome data for children. Herein, we aimed to analyze for the first time the short-term outcomes of live-born infants with congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) registered on this large North American database.

Methods During 2015 to 2016, up to 101 participating centers uploaded 95 perioperative data points on the NSQIP-P database for patients that underwent surgical repair of CDH. The demographics, peri-, and post-operative data (up to 30 days following surgical repair) of infants with CDH were reviewed. Binary logistic regression was performed to test associations between risk factors and mortality.

Main Results There were 432 (61% male) infants, who underwent CDH surgical repair during the study period. The prematurity rate (gestational age < 37 weeks) was 17%. The majority of infants (82%) had cardiac risk factors identified (72% were reported as major/severe). Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) was employed in 13% of patients prior to surgery. The majority of infants (83%) were ventilated preoperatively, and 34% received inotropes. Median age at surgery was 5 (0–74) days. CDH repair was attempted via thoracoscopy in 18% (n = 79) infants, but with a high rate of conversion to open surgery (n = 32, 41%). The postoperative 30-day mortality rate was 9%. At binary logistic regression, major cardiac risk factors (odds ratio [OR], 1.7 [0.9–3.2], p = 0.095), Appearance, Pulse, Grimace, Activity, and Respiration at 1 minute (OR, 0.7 per unit [0.5–0.8], p < 0.005), and birth weight (OR, 0.5 per kg [0.2–1.0], p < 0.05) were retained in the final model as significantly associated with mortality.

Conclusion This is the first report on CDH outcomes from the NSQIP-P database. Utilization of ECMO was low compared with single-center studies from North America. The early postoperative mortality rate of babies with CDH considered suitable for surgery remains high.