bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Thin Liquid Film Dynamics on a Spinning Spheroid
Authors: Duruk Selin , Boujo Edouard , Sellier Mathieu
Published: September 2021

The present work explores the impact of rotation on the dynamics of a thin liquid layer deposited on a spheroid (bi-axial ellipsoid) rotating around its vertical axis. An evolution equation based on the lubrication approximation was derived, which takes into account the combined effects of the non-uniform curvature, capillarity, gravity, and rotation. This approximate model was solved numerically, and the results were compared favorably with solutions of the full Navier–Stokes equations. A key advantage of the lubrication approximation is the solution time, which was shown to be at least one order of magnitude shorter than for the full Navier–Stokes equations, revealing the prospect of controlling film dynamics for coating applications. The thin film dynamics were investigated for a wide range of geometric, kinematic, and material parameters. The model showed that, in contrast to the purely gravity-driven case, in which the fluid drains downwards and accumulates at the south pole, rotation leads to a migration of the maximum film thickness towards the equator, where the centrifugal force is the strongest.
Theoretical Hydrodynamic Analysis of a Surface-Piercing Porous Cylindrical Body
Authors: Konispoliatis Dimitrios N. , Chatjigeorgiou Ioannis K. , Mavrakos Spyridon A.
Published: September 2021

In the present study, the diffraction and the radiation problems of water waves by a surface-piercing porous cylindrical body are considered. The idea conceived is based on the capability of porous structures to dissipate the wave energy and to minimize the environmental impact, developing wave attenuation and protection. In the context of linear wave theory, a three-dimensional solution based on the eigenfunction expansion method is developed for the determination of the velocity potential of the flow field around the cylindrical body. Numerical results are presented and discussed concerning the wave elevation and the hydrodynamic forces on the examined body for various values of porosity coefficients. The results revealed that porosity plays a key role in reducing/controlling the wave loads on the structure and the wave run-up, hence porous barriers can be set up to protect a marine structure against wave attack.
Geographical Characterization of Olive Oils from the North Aegean Region Based on the Analysis of Biophenols with UHPLC-QTOF-MS
Authors: Kritikou Evangelia , Kalogiouri Natasa P. , Kostakis Marios , Kanakis Dimitrios-Christos , Martakos Ioannis , Lazarou Constantina , Pentogennis Michalis , Thomaidis Nikolaos S.
Published: September 2021

Olive oil is famous due to the nutritional properties and beneficial health effects. The exceptional properties of virgin (VOO) and extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) are credited to the bioactive constituents of their polar fraction, the phenolic compounds. The concentration and composition of biophenols can be influenced by the geographical origin, the cultivar, as well as several agronomic and technological parameters. In this study, an ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole-time of flight tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QTOF-MS) method was used to determine biophenols in Greek EVOOs from five islands originating from the North Aegean Region (Chios, Fournoi, Ikaria, Lesvos, and Samos) through target and suspect screening. In total, 14 suspect and 5 target compounds were determined in the analyzed EVOOs. The quantitative and semiquantitative results were compared to investigate discriminations between different regions. Significant differences were found between the islands based on the overall phenolic content and the concentration levels of individual compounds, as well. In the case of Lesvos, the territory was separated in subdivisions (zones), and each zone was studied individually.
Characterization of Bee Pollen: Physico-Chemical Properties, Headspace Composition and FTIR Spectral Profiles
Authors: Prđun Saša , Svečnjak Lidija , Valentić Mato , Marijanović Zvonimir , Jerković Igor
Published: September 2021

Chemical characterization of bee pollen is of great importance for its quality estimation. Multifloral and unifloral bee pollen samples collected from continental, mountain and Adriatic regions of Croatia were analyzed by means of physico-chemical, chromatographic (GC-MS), and spectroscopic (FTIR-ATR) analytical tools, aiming to conduct a comprehensive characterization of bee pollen. The most distinctive unifloral bee pollen with regard to nutritional value was Aesculus hippocastanum (27.26% of proteins), Quercus spp. (52.58% of total sugars), Taraxacumofficinale (19.04% of total lipids), and Prunusavium (3.81% of ash). No statistically significant differences between multifloral and unifloral bee pollen from different regions were found for most of the physico-chemical measurement data, with an exception of melezitose (p = 0.04). Remarkable differences were found among the bee pollen HS VOCs. The major ones were lower aliphatic compounds, monoterpenes (mainly linalool derivatives, especially in Prunusmahaleb and P.avium bee pollen), and benzene derivatives (mainly benzaldehyde in T.officinale and Salix spp.). Aldehydes C9 to C17 were present in almost all samples. FTIR-ATR analysis revealed unique spectral profiles of analyzed bee pollen exhibiting its overall chemical composition arising from molecular vibrations related to major macromolecules—proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates (sugars).
Microcapsules Consisting of Whey Proteins-Coated Droplets of Lipids Embedded in Wall Matrices of Spray-Dried Microcapsules Consisting Mainly of Non-Fat Milk Solids
Authors: Wang Minghua , Rosenberg Yael , Rosenberg Moshe
Published: September 2021

The effects of wall composition and heat treatment on the formation and properties of core-in-wall emulsions (CIWEs) consisting of whey protein-coated milkfat (AMF) droplets and a dispersion of non-fat milk solids (MSNF) were investigated. Microcapsules were prepared by spray drying these CIWEs. The d3.2 of the CIWEs ranged from 0.36 to 0.54 μm. Surface excess of the CIWEs ranged from 1.39 to 6.57 mg/m2, and was influenced by concentration of whey proteins and heat treatment (30 min at 90 °C). Results indicated a preferential adsorption of β-lg at the O/W interface. Whey proteins accounted for up to 90% of the proteins adsorbed at the O/W interface. The core retention during spray drying ranged from 90.3% to 97.6% and microencapsulation efficiency ranged from 77.9% to 93.3%. The microcapsules exhibited an excellent long-term oxidative stability at 20 and 30 °C that was superior to that of microcapsules consisting of milkfat and MSNF, where the O/W interface was populated mainly by caseins. The superior oxidative stability could be attributed to the formation of dense whey-proteins-based films at the O/W interfaces of the CIWEs that isolated the core domains from the environment. The results open new opportunities in developing highly stable lipids-containing microcapsules and dairy powders.
In-Plant Intervention Validation of a Novel Ozone Generation Technology (Bio-Safe) Compared to Lactic Acid in Variety Meats
Authors: Vargas David A. , Casas Diego E. , Chávez-Velado Daniela R. , Jiménez Reagan L. , Betancourt-Barszcz Gabriela K. , Randazzo Emile , Lynn Dan , Echeverry Alejandro , Brashears Mindy M. , Sánchez-Plata Marcos X. , Miller Markus F.
Published: September 2021

The objective of this experiment was to compare the antimicrobial efficacy of an aqueous ozone intervention and a lactic acid solution on natural microbiota of variety meats in a commercial beef processing plant. EZ-Reach™ swabs were used to collect 100 cm2 area samples before and after ozone and lactic acid intervention application for three different offals (head, heart, and liver). Each repetition included 54 samples per variety meat and antimicrobial for a total of 162 samples per repetition. Enumeration of total aerobic bacteria (APC) and Escherichia coli (EC) was performed on each sample. Microbial counts for both microorganisms evaluated were significantly reduced (p < 0.001) after lactic acid immersion (2–5%) and ozone intervention for all variety meats, with the exception of ozone intervention in EC counts of the heart samples. APC after lactic acid intervention was reduced on average by 1.73, 1.66, and 1.50 Log CFU/sample in the head, heart, and liver, respectively, while after ozone intervention, counts were reduced on average by 1.66, 0.52, and 1.20 Log CFU/sample. EC counts after lactic acid intervention were reduced on average by 0.96, 0.79, and 1.00 Log CFU/sample in the head, heart, and liver, respectively, while after ozone intervention, counts were reduced on average by 0.75, 0.62, and 1.25 Log CFU/sample. The aqueous ozone antimicrobial scheme proved to be a promising intervention for the in-plant reduction of indicator levels in variety meats, specifically heads, hearts, and livers.
Determination of Acrylamide in Selected Foods from the Romanian Market
Authors: Pogurschi Elena Narcisa , Zugravu Corina Aurelia , Ranga Ioan Nicolae , Trifunschi Svetlana , Munteanu Melania Florina , Popa Dana Catalina , Tudorache Minodora , Custura Ioan
Published: September 2021

Several processed food products may contain toxic compounds considered risk factors for human health. Known for its possible carcinogenic effects, acrylamide is an organic compound periodically analyzed by the entities responsible for consumer safety. Knowing the acrylamide content of food offers the possibility of implementing corrective measures when needed, targeted at lowering its level. The aim of the paper was to screen for the presence of acrylamide in four products consumed almost daily in Romania and calculate acrylamide exposure by consuming one serving. Expressed in µg/kg coffee has the highest average acrylamide content (199), followed by potato chips (134), pretzels (120), and bread (14). Results regarding the acrylamide content in one serving showed the highest levels of acrylamide in pretzels (10.20 µg/serving), followed by potato chips (4.00 µg/serving), coffee (2.20 µg/cup), and bread (0.40 µg/slice). The calculation of the acrylamide content for one serving of the studied products will facilitate the following studies on the dietary acrylamide intake of the Romanian population, studies which, to our knowledge, have not been performed so far.
Differentiation of Lacticaseibacillus zeae Using Pan-Genome Analysis and Real-Time PCR Method Targeting a Unique Gene
Authors: Kim Eiseul , Yang Seung-Min , Kim Hae-Yeong
Published: September 2021

Lacticaseibacillus zeae strains, isolated from raw milk and fermented dairy products, are closely related to the Lacticaseibacillus species that has beneficial probiotic properties. However, it is difficult to distinguish those using conventional methods. In this study, a unique gene was revealed to differentiate L. zeae from other strains of the Lacticaseibacillus species and other species by pan-genome analysis, and a real-time PCR method was developed to rapidly and accurately detect the unique gene. The genome analysis of 141 genomes yielded an 17,978 pan-genome. Among them, 18 accessory genes were specifically present in five genomes of L. zeae. The glycosyltransferase family 8 was identified as a unique gene present only in L. zeae and not in 136 other genomes. A primer designed from the unique gene accurately distinguished L. zeae in pure and mixed DNA and successfully constructed the criterion for the quantified standard curve in real-time PCR. The real-time PCR method was applied to 61 strains containing other Lacticaseibacillus species and distinguished L. zeae with 100% accuracy. Also, the real-time PCR method was proven to be superior to the 16S rRNA gene method in the identification of L. zeae.
Improving the Viability and Metabolism of Intestinal Probiotic Bacteria Using Fibre Obtained from Vegetable By-Products
Authors: Rivas María Ángeles , Benito María José , Ruíz-Moyano Santiago , Martín Alberto , Córdoba María de Guía , Merchán Almudena V. , Casquete Rocío
Published: September 2021

This study evaluated the effect of dietary fibre obtained from pomegranate, tomato, grape and broccoli by-products on the gastrointestinal transit survival, growth, and metabolism of six probiotic strains. The results showed that the studied by-products contained variable amounts of polysaccharides that affected the six probiotic microorganisms in different ways. In addition, the protective effect of the fibre obtained on the probiotic strains was more effective in the case of the fibre obtained from tomato peel. In terms of growth, grape stems showed the best results, favouring the growth of lactic acid bacteria. Finally, all fibres were able to increase the content of short-chain fatty acids in the in vitro test, but broccoli stems and pomegranate peel stimulated higher production of short-chain fatty acids. The results of this study demonstrate that plant by-product fibres can improve survival, growth, and metabolism in terms of the fatty acid profiles of probiotic strains, highlighting the desirability of harnessing these by-product fibres to develop new high-value-added ingredients as probiotic carriers.
Postharvest Treatments with Sulfur-Containing Food Additives to Control Major Fungal Pathogens of Stone Fruits
Authors: Martínez-Blay Victoria , Taberner Verònica , Pérez-Gago María B. , Palou Lluís
Published: September 2021

The sulfur-containing salts, classified as food additives, sodium metabisulfite (SMBS), potassium metabisulfite (PMBS), aluminum sulfate (AlS), and aluminum potassium sulfate (AlPS), were evaluated for their activity against Monilinia fructicola, Rhizopus stolonifer, and Geotrichum candidum, the most economically important fungal pathogens causing postharvest disease of stone fruit. In in vitro tests with potato dextrose agar (PDA) Petri dishes amended with different concentrations of the salts (0, 10, 20, 30, 50, and 100 mM), SMBS and PMBS at all concentrations, AlS above 20 mM, and AlPS above 30 mM, completely inhibited the mycelial growth of the three fungi after incubation at 25 °C for up to 10 days. In in vivo primary screenings with artificially inoculated nectarines, aqueous solutions of the four salts reduced the incidence and severity of brown rot (BR) at concentrations of 10 and 50 mM, whereas only AlS and AlPS reduced Rhizopus rot (RR), and none of the salts was effective against sour rot (SR). Solutions at 100 mM were phytotoxic and injured the fruit peel. In small-scale trials, 1 min dip treatments at 20 °C in SMBS or PMBS at 10 mM significantly reduced the incidence and severity of BR after incubation at 20 °C for up to 8 days. Conversely, dips in AlS and AlPS reduced neither BR nor RR. Results highlight the potential of SMBS and PMBS as new nonpolluting tools for the integrated control of BR, but not RR and SR, on stone fruit.
Lightsaber: A Simulator of the Angular Sensing and Control System in LIGO
Authors: Andric Tomislav , Harms Jan
Published: September 2021

The suspended test masses of gravitational-wave (GW) detectors require precise alignment to be able to operate the detector stably and with high sensitivity. This includes the continuous counter-acting of seismic disturbances, which, below a few Hertz, are not sufficiently reduced by the seismic isolation system. The residual angular motion of suspended test masses is further suppressed by the Angular Sensing and Control (ASC) system. However, in doing so, the angular motion can be enhanced by the ASC at higher frequencies where the seismic isolation system is very effective. This has led to sensitivity limitations between about 10 Hz and 25 Hz of the LIGO detectors in past observation runs. The observed ASC noise was larger than simple models predict, which means that more accurate detector models and new simulation tools are required. In this article, we present Lightsaber, a new time-domain simulator of the ASC in LIGO. Lightsaber is a nonlinear simulation of the optomechanical system consisting of the high-power cavity laser beam and the last two stages of suspension in LIGO including the ASC. The main noise inputs are power fluctuations of the laser beam at the input of the arm cavities, read-out noise of sensors used for the ASC, displacement noise from the suspension platforms, and noise introduced by the suspension damping loops. While the plant simulation uses local degrees of freedom of individual suspension systems, the control is applied on a global angular basis, which requires a conversion between the local and global bases for sensing and actuation. Some of the studies that can be done with this simulation concern mis-centering of the beam-spot (BS) position on the test masses, the role of laser power fluctuations for angular dynamics, and the role of the various nonlinear dynamics. The next important step following this work will be a detailed comparison between Lightsaber results and data from the control channels of the LIGO detectors.
Ion Acoustic Shocks in a Weakly Relativistic Ion-Beam Degenerate Magnetoplasma
Authors: Kaur Rupinder , Saini Nareshpal Singh
Published: September 2021

A theoretical investigation is carried out to study the propagation properties of ion acoustic shocks in a plasma comprising of positive inertial ions, weakly relativistic ion beam and trapped electrons in the presence of a quantizing magnetic field. By using the reductive perturbation technique, the Korteweg–de Vries-Burgers (KdVB) equation and oscillatory shocks solution are derived. The characteristics of such kinds of shock waves are examined and discussed in detail under suitable conditions for different physical parameters. The strength of the magnetic field, ion beam concentration and ion-beam streaming velocity have a great influence on the amplitude and width of the shock waves and oscillatory shocks. The results may be useful to study the characteristics of ion acoustic shock waves in dense astrophysical regions such as neutron stars.
Capture of Massless and Massive Particles by Parameterized Black Holes
Authors: Toshmatov Bobir , Rahimov Ozodbek , Ahmedov Bobomurat , Ahmedov Abdumirhakim
Published: September 2021

We study an influence of the leading coefficient of the parameterized line element of the spherically symmetric, static black hole on the capture of massless and massive particles. We have shown that negative (positive) values of ϵ decreases (increases) the radius of characteristic circular orbits and consequently, increases (decreases) the energy and decreases (increases) the angular momentum of the particle moving along these orbits. Moreover, we have calculated and compared the capture cross section of the massive particle in the relativistic and non-relativistic limits. It has been shown that in the case of small deviation from general relativity the capture cross section for the relativistic and nonrelativistic particle has an additional term being linear in the small dimensionless deviation parameter ϵ.
Ohén:ton Karihwatéhkwen and Kanien’kehá:ka Teachings of Gratitude and Connection
Authors: Patton Otsi’tsakén:ra Charlie , Ibarra-Lemay Alicia , White Louellyn
Published: September 2021

This article stems from a conversation with Otsi’tsakén:ra Charlie Patton that took place on Mohawk/Kanien’kehá:ka territory in Southern Turtle Island (Also known as Quebec, Canada) Otsi: tsaken’ra is a Kanien’kehá:ka who teaches the importance of harvest and the inter-relational connection that human beings have with what they harvest. His teachings begin with the Ohén:ton Karihwatéhkwen (Also known as the Thanksgiving address, greetings, or opening prayer), an opening address, which invites all who partake to be “of one mind”. The Ohén:ton Karihwatéhkwen embodies the importance of storytelling, the Creation story, harvest teachings, and cultural continuity, which are all important teachings that are necessary for Onkwehónwe (The Original People) to begin healing from the effects of colonialism, cultural and linguistic disconnection, state-imposed violence, and racism.
The Spanish Intergenerational Study: Beliefs, Stereotypes, and Metacognition about Older People and Grandparents to Tackle Ageism
Authors: Muntsant Aida , Ramírez-Boix Paula , Leal-Campanario Rocío , Alcaín Francisco Javier , Giménez-Llort Lydia
Published: September 2021

Ageism can be seen as systematic stereotypes, prejudice, and discrimination of people because of their age. For a long time, society has accepted negative stereotypes as a norm. When referring to older adults, the United Nations Global Report on Ageism warns about a severe impact. The Intergenerational Study for a Healthy Aging, a questionnaire about believes, stereotypes, and knowledge about older people and grandparents, was administered to 326 Spanish biology and medical students. Here we report the results of stereotype analysis through adjective qualification of the youth and older people performed before the survey. Content analysis of two open questions about metacognition at the end of the survey is also presented. The results show that: (1) The questionnaire promoted metacognition; (2) Positive metacognition toward grandparents was higher than for the general old population; (3) Most participants were not conscious about ageism; (4) Gender was a key factor—male students were more ageist than females; (5) The feeling of guilt was higher in the questionnaire about older people; (6) The metacognition exercise elicited thoughts and, in few cases, the need to take action to tackle ageism. In conclusion, both activities promoted active thoughts about older people vs. grandparents and helped participants realize unconscious ageism—specifically toward the older population—serving as an awareness activity that may help tackle ageism.
The Use of Patient Reported Outcome Measures (PROMs) 6 Months Post-Stroke and Their Association with the National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) on Admission to Hospital
Authors: Hewitt Jonathan , Bains Natalie , Wallis Katherine , Gething Stephanie , Pennington Anna , Carter Ben
Published: September 2021

Patient Reported Outcome Measures (PROMs) assess clinical outcomes from the perspective of the patient. The stroke community recommended fifteen questions for use in stroke survivors, based on the established PROMIS10 with five additional stroke-specific questions. This study aimed to determine its association with the National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) on admission. PROM responses were taken from an existing randomised control trial and, using secondary analysis, the total score was calculated out of 100. The association between PROMs and NIHSS was estimated. Using a multivariable regression, an adjusted mean difference (aMD) in PROM total score for the baseline clinical characteristics was calculated. 343 participants (16.3%) completed the PROM; mean age 71.7 (30–94) years; 133 women (38.8%). There was a strong association between increasing NIHSS Scores on admission to hospital and worsening PROM scores at 6 months (p = 0.002). There was consistency between the NIHSS and modified Rankin score with the stroke-specific domain and total PROM scores. When adjusted, women had lower (worse) total PROM scores, with aMD = −3.85 (95% CI −6.30–−1.41; p = 0.002) and so did haemorrhagic strokes, with a reduction of 3.88 (95% CI −0.61–7.37; p = 0.097). This study contributes to the evaluation process of this stroke-specific PROM and emphasises that stroke severity on admission correlates with poorer patient outcomes 6 months following a stroke, especially in women and those suffering haemorrhagic stroke.
Rewriting Universes: Post-Brexit Futures in Dave Hutchinson’s Fractured Europe Quartet
Authors: Elber-Aviram Hadas
Published: September 2021

Recent years have witnessed the emergence of a new strand of British fiction that grapples with the causes and consequences of the United Kingdom’s vote to leave the European Union. Building on Kristian Shaw’s pioneering work in this new literary field, this article shifts the focus from literary fiction to science fiction. It analyzes Dave Hutchinson’s Fractured Europe quartet—comprised of Europe in Autumn (pub. 2014), Europe at Midnight (pub. 2015), Europe in Winter (pub. 2016) and Europe at Dawn (pub. 2018)—as a case study in British science fiction’s response to the recent nationalistic turn in the UK. This article draws on a bespoke interview with Hutchinson and frames its discussion within a range of theories and studies, especially the European hermeneutics of Hans-Georg Gadamer. It argues that the Fractured Europe quartet deploys science fiction topoi to interrogate and criticize the recent rise of English nationalism. It further contends that the Fractured Europe books respond to this nationalistic turn by setting forth an estranged vision of Europe and offering alternative modalities of European identity through the mediation of photography and the redemptive possibilities of cooking.
Research on Urban Medical and Health Services Efficiency and Its Spatial Correlation in China: Based on Panel Data of 13 Cities in Jiangsu Province
Authors: Lin Lingling , Wu Fang , Chen Wei , Zhu Chenming , Huang Tao
Published: September 2021

The improvement of the efficiency of medical and health services is of great significance for improving the high-quality and efficient medical and health services system and meeting the increasingly diverse health needs of residents. Based on the panel data of 13 cities in Jiangsu Province, this research analyzed the relative effectiveness of medical and health services from 2015 to 2019 using the super efficiency slack-based measure-data envelopment analysis model, and the Malmquist index method was used to explore the changes in the efficiency of medical and health services from a dynamic perspective. Furthermore, the spatial autocorrelation analysis method was used to verify the spatial correlation of medical and health services efficiency. In general, there is room for improvement in the efficiency of medical and health services in 13 cities in Jiangsu Province. There are obvious differences in regional efficiency, and there is a certain spatial correlation. In the future, the medical and health services efficiency of China’s cities should be improved by increasing the investment in high-quality medical and health resources, optimizing their layout and making full use of the spatial spillover effects between neighboring cities to strengthen inter-regional cooperation and exchanges.
Detecting a Stroke-Affected Region in the Brain by Scanning with Low-Intensity Electromagnetic Waves in the Radio Frequency/Microwave Band
Authors: El rube’ Ibrahim , Heatley David , Abdel-Maguid Mohamed
Published: September 2021

There is a compelling need for a new form of head scanner to diagnose whether a patient is experiencing a stroke. Crucially, the scanner must be quickly and safely deployable at the site of the emergency to reduce the time between a diagnosis and treatment being commenced. That will help to improve the long-term outlook for many patients, which in turn will help to reduce the high cost of stroke to national economies. This paper describes a novel scanning method that utilises low-intensity electromagnetic waves in the radio frequency/microwave band to detect a stroke-affected region in the brain. This method has the potential to be low cost, portable, and widely deployable, and it is intrinsically safe for the patient and operator. It requires no specialist shielding or power supplies and, hence, can be rapidly deployed at the site of the emergency. That could be at the patient’s bedside within a hospital, at the patient’s home or place of work, or in a community setting such as a GP surgery or a nursing home. Results are presented from an extensive programme of scans of inanimate test subjects that are materially valid representations of a human head. These results confirm that the scanning method is indeed capable of detecting a stroke-affected region in these subjects. The significance of these results is discussed, as well as ways in which the efficacy of the scanning methodology could be further improved.
Effective Preventive Strategies to Prevent Secondary Transmission of COVID-19 in Hemodialysis Unit: The First Month of Community Outbreak in Taiwan
Authors: Chen Chun-Yu , Ye Jung-Jr , Huang Ting-Shuo , Lee Chin-Chan , Chen Yih-Ting , Hsu Cheng-Kai , Hsu Heng-Jung , Sun Chiao-Yin , Pan Heng-Chih , Chen Kuo-Su , Kao Hao-Hsi , Ko Chia-Chun , She Yun-Hsuan , Wu Chun-Ying , Lai Chi-Chun , Hwang Shang-Jyh , Wu I-Wen
Published: September 2021

Background: Dialyzed patients are vulnerable to coronavirus infection disease 2019 (COVID-19). The incidence and outcome of COVID-19 in hemodialysis (HD) patients in Taiwan remain unclear. A series of preventive measures were executed to combat COVID-19 transmission among HD patients. Methods: We carried out a series of forward-looking and practical preventive strategies of COVID-19 control in our HD center. Incidences of COVID-19 of our HD unit were compared with those of national and local estimates from a community outbreak from 15 May to 30 June 2021. Prognostic factors associated with mortality were analyzed. Results: The national incidence of COVID-19 was 0.062%; being highest in Taipei City (0.173%), followed by New Taipei City (0.161%) and Keelung (0.083%). The overall incidence in Keelung HD patients was 0.666%. One patient of our HD center contracted COVID-19 from the household; however, we have contained secondary transmission in our HD center by implementing strict preventive measures. The mortality rate of HD patients in Keelung was 66.6%. The median Ct value of HD patients was 17.53 (11.75–27.90) upon diagnosis. The deceased patients had a higher cardiac/thoracic ratio than alive (0.61 vs. 0.55, p = 0.036). Conclusions: Taking aggressive and proactive infection preventive measures impedes the secondary transmission of COVID-19 in HD facilities. COVID-19-associated mortality was high in HD patients, being the high cardiac-thoracic ratio, an important prognostic factor for clinical outcome of infected HD patients.
Validation of the Relationships Questionnaire (RQ) against the Experience of Close Relationship-Revised Questionnaire in a Clinical Psychiatric Sample
Authors: Wongpakaran Nahathai , DeMaranville Justin , Wongpakaran Tinakon
Published: September 2021

Background: The Relationship Questionnaire (RQ) is a commonly used self-reporting questionnaire used to measure adult attachment styles. The RQ has two parts. RQ1, a single item where individuals have to indicate their preferred relationship style, and RQ2, where individuals can rate their relationship style in more detail using four different scales. Agreement is expected between the highest levels selected and the style chosen in RQ1. An advantage of the RQ is its brevity, whereas a disadvantage is that it constitutes a single item. A validation of RQ has not been clearly demonstrated, even though it has convergent validity in relation to other measurements in this area. Methods: 168 patients completed the RQ, the short version of the Experience in Close Relationships (Revised) questionnaire (ECR-R), and scales of depression and interpersonal problems. Regression analysis was conducted to examine the congruity in regard to attachment theory. Results: ratings from 15.5% of the patients showed disagreement between RQ1 and RQ2. Each type of attachment measured by the RQ was predicted by the ECR-R scores, as hypothesized. In the predictive analysis of depression and interpersonal problems, both RQ dimensions and ECR-R scores were coherent. Conclusions: RQ is a valid self-reported measurement that can be applied clinically on the condition that the rater identifies an agreement between RQ1 and RQ2.
Perceptions of Care Quality during an Acute Hospital Stay for Persons with Dementia and Family/Carers
Authors: Chenoweth Lynette , Cook Janet , Williams Anna
Published: September 2021

Objectives: to report on acute hospital care experiences for persons with dementia and family/carers in a pilot study (PiP) of person-centred care compared with usual care. Methods: participants were recruited from one acute aged care ward and one mixed medical/surgical ward. One-on-one interviews occurred soon after discharge using a semi-structured interview guide framed by person-centred principles whereby the person is: V—valued; I—treated as an individual; P—perceived as having a unique identity; and S—supported socially and psychologically. Data were analysed deductively with reference to these a priori principles. Results: 11 consented persons with dementia and 36 family/carers participated. A total of eight core VIPS concepts were derived from the data. While many occasions of person-centred care occurred, there was variability in staff expertise, interest and aptitude for dementia care work. Neglect of person-centred principles more frequently occurred for the usual care group, where staff failed to place the person and their family/carer at the centre of service. Conclusions: person-centred services for persons with dementia requires that hospital executive equip staff with the relevant knowledge, skills and support to adhere to person-centred care guidelines. Hospitals must address workplace cultures and procedures that favour organisational systems over person-centred services.
The Impact of Kinesiology Taping on a Greek Foot with a Hammertoe—A Case Report
Authors: Żłobiński Tobiasz , Stolecka-Warzecha Anna , Hartman-Petrycka Magdalena , Błońska-Fajfrowska Barbara
Published: September 2021

Background and Objectives: Hammertoe, one of the most common toe deformities, causes pain due to overloading of the periarticular tissues and skin lesions. Additionally, it results in problems with footwear choice, an unattractive foot appearance and a deterioration in quality of life. The most common treatment for rigid and advanced deformities is surgery, and these procedures are widely described in literature. If the changes in the interphalangeal and metatarsophalangeal joints are flexible (that mean they undergo correction without causing pain) or surgery is not possible, conservative treatment should be considered. No research, however, has been found detailing this treatment method. Conservative treatment includes the Kinesiology Taping (KT) method, which involves applying taping to correct deformities. This report describes the effect of KT treatment in a female patient with hammertoes. Materials and Methods: Anthropometric foot measurements (3D scanner) and foot loadings (baropodometric platform) are presented before KT applying, immediately after tapes application and after tapes removal following one month of use. Results: After using KT application parameters such as: foot length, maximum foot load, load under the area of the metatarsals II-III changed. Conclusion: Kinesiology Taping seems to be a symptomatic form of treatment of the effects of lesser toes deformity, therefore it is a good alternative for patients who do not want or cannot undergo surgery.
Viticultural Performance of Hybrids and Vitis vinifera Varieties Established in Annapolis Valley (Nova Scotia)
Authors: Diez-Zamudio Francisco , Laytte Rodrigo , Grallert Cecilia , Ivit Nedret Neslihan , Gutiérrez-Gamboa Gastón
Published: September 2021

(1) Background: Cold-hardy interspecific hybrid grapes (CIHG) are well adapted to the Annapolis Valley edaphoclimatic conditions. The main characteristics of CIHG are the high bud hardiness tolerance to winter frost, the short growing cycle, and the good tolerance to cryptogamic diseases. Based on local experience, the Vitis vinifera varieties should be grown in the warmest areas of the Annapolis Valley (Nova Scotia, Canada). Despite this, there is little scientific evidence that shows the viticultural behavior of these varieties under the edaphoclimatic conditions of this valley. (2) Methods: Thus, the aim of this research was to evaluate the viticultural behavior of two CIHG (L’Acadie and New York Muscat) and three V. vinifera varieties (Chardonnay, Riesling, and Pinot Noir) growing in the Annapolis Valley over three consecutive seasons. (3) Results: The coldest season (2019) produced a delay in grapevine phenology of at least 18 days for budburst compared to the warm seasons (2017 and 2018). In addition, in the coldest season from budburst to bloom the duration decreased compared to the rest of the seasons. The main phenological stages started earlier in L’Acadie than in the V. vinifera varieties. L’Acadie presented lower N petiole content than the V. vinifera varieties, which conditioned shoot growth in the studied seasons. CIHG presented low B petiole levels and produced musts with low malic acid content, while V. vinifera varieties produced musts with high N content. L’Acadie was the only variety that could bud out, and differentially produced fruit after the spring frost of −2 to −3 °C for 2 h in 2018 in this trial. (4) Conclusions: L’Acadie, and to a lesser extent, Riesling, hold an interesting adaptation to the edaphoclimatic conditions of the Annapolis Valley.
Evaluation of Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) Production under Hydroponic System: Nutrient Solution Derived from Fish Waste vs. Inorganic Nutrient Solution
Authors: Ahmed Zienab F. R. , Alnuaimi Alghazal K. H. , Askri Amira , Tzortzakis Nikolaos
Published: September 2021

Organic fresh products are appreciated and are gaining a good reputation regarding human health and environmental concerns. Despite the fact that hydroponics are commonly used in vegetable production, growers are looking for sustainable cultivation systems. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the effect of using an organic-based nutrient solution (NS) derived from fish waste in a hydroponic system on the vegetative growth and production of lettuce compared to a conventional inorganic NS. Plant growth, yield, physiological and nutrient content parameters were determined. The results revealed that the overall growth and fresh biomass of the organic NS grown lettuce were relatively lower than those of the inorganic NS. Stomata density was significantly higher in inorganic grown lettuce compared to the organic one. However, the total chlorophyll, carotene, phenolic compounds, and flavonoid contents, as well as antioxidant activity were significantly higher in lettuce grown in organic NS compared to the inorganic one. Leaf nutrient content at harvest was significantly impacted by the type of used fertilizer. Based on these findings, in hydroponic system, organic liquid fertilizer derived from fish waste (as an alternative NS source) requires further improvements to achieve optimal growth and yield comparable to that of conventional inorganic NS.
Supplemental UV-A Affects Growth and Antioxidants of Chinese Kale Baby-Leaves in Artificial Light Plant Factory
Authors: He Rui , Gao Meifang , Li Yamin , Zhang Yiting , Song Shiwei , Su Wei , Liu Houcheng
Published: September 2021

To investigate the effects of supplementary UV-A intensity on growth and antioxidant compounds in Chinese kale (Brassica alboglabra Bailey) baby-leaves, three different UV-A intensity treatments (5, 10, 15 W·m−2, respectively) were applied 10 days before harvest in artificial light plant factory. In Chinese kale baby-leaves, supplemental 5 and 10 W·m−2 UV-A (UVA-5 and UVA-10) were beneficial for inter-node length, stem diameter, canopy diameter, fresh weight and dry weight, particularly in UVA-10 treatment, while these above-mentioned growth parameters all significantly decreased in UVA-15 treatment. The soluble sugar content decreased under UVA-5, but there was no significant difference under UVA-10 and UVA-15. Soluble protein contents decreased under UVA-5 and UVA-10, but significantly increased under UVA-15. UVA-10 played a predominant role in increasing FRAP and contents of total phenolics and total flavonoids compared to other treatments. Contents of total glucosinolates (GLs), aliphatic GLs and indolic GLs in Chinese kale baby-leaves significantly increased with UV-A intensity increasing, and the highest contents were found under UVA-15. The percentage of total aliphatic GLs (about 80%) was significantly higher than those of total indolic GLs. Glucobrassicanapin and sinigrin were two major individual GLs in Chinese kale baby-leaves, variation trends of which were consistent with the contents of total GLs and aliphatic GLs. From the heatmap analysis, and taking economic benefits into account, UVA-10 might be optimal for the production of high-quality Chinese kale baby-leaves in an artificial light plant factory.
Effect of NaCl or Macronutrient-Imposed Salinity on Basil Crop Yield and Water Use Efficiency
Authors: Faliagka Sofia , Elvanidi Angeliki , Spanoudaki Stella , Kunze Alexander , Max Johannes F.J. , Katsoulas Nikolaos
Published: September 2021

Cascade hydroponics, that is, the application of the circular economy concept in greenhouse hydroponic crops, may be considered as an alternative means to increase water and nutrient use efficiency in greenhouses. In such systems, the drained nutrient solution from a crop may be used as input in a second crop. However, the second (secondary) crop in the loop must be a crop that is less sensitive to salinity than the first (primary) crop. In the present study, the salinity tolerance of basil plants grown in rockwool and nutrient film technique (NFT) systems was investigated in order to study the potential of using a basil crop as a secondary crop in a cascade hydroponic system. In total, 4 electrical conductivity (EC) levels of the irrigation nutrient solution were tested (2, 4, 6, and 8 dS m−1), and salinity was imposed by NaCl or by macronutrients. Plant growth varied across the different substrates, with those grown in the NFT system being less affected as opposed to the rockwool-grown basil plants, which showed a significant growth decrease with EC values higher than 4 dS m−1. This relatively low growth pattern was associated with a decrease in water use efficiency (WUE) in the rockwool system. On the contrary, in the NFT system, the continuous flow of the nutrient solution in the root zone of the plants contributed to the alleviation of negative salinity effects, yielding up to 30 kg FM m−2 WUE even for the plants irrigated with the highest salinity treatment (8 dS m−1). The majority of macro- and micronutrients in the leaf tissue of basil were positively affected by the higher levels of conductivity in the nutrient solution. Therefore, basil cultivation could be efficiently incorporated as a secondary crop in a cascade NFT cropping system. This would contribute to drainage management in hydroponics, as the crop could be irrigated through the moderately saline drainage from a primary crop due to either NaCl or high nutrient accumulation in the leachates.
Understanding the Role of Urbanization on Vegetation Dynamics in Mountainous Areas of Southwest China: Mechanism, Spatiotemporal Pattern, and Policy Implications
Authors: Peng Li , Deng Wei , Liu Ying
Published: September 2021

As an important component of terrestrial ecosystems, the mountainous areas of southwest China are facing eco-environmental stress due to rapid urbanization. This study analyzed the vegetation dynamics during urbanization in 410 counties in the mountainous area of southwest China using trend analysis and bivariate spatial autocorrelation analysis. The results demonstrate the following: (1) The regional differences in the natural background and the stage of economic development resulted in obvious geographical heterogeneity in the relationship between urbanization and vegetation coverage. (2) The relationship between the rate of urbanization level change (RULC) and the slope of the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) (Slope−NDVI) in the mountainous areas of southwest China is characterized by an inverted-U-shaped curve. Based on the inflection point (0.206, 57.60) of the inverted-U-shaped curve, the optimal mean annual RULC is 1.37%. (3) The relief degree of the land surface, the gross domestic product (GDP) change rate, and the slope of temperature change are positively correlated with the Slope−NDVI. Overall, an understanding of how urbanization affects vegetation dynamics can inform decisions concerning ecological restoration and urban–rural development in China.
Perspectives on hiPSC-Derived Muscle Cells as Drug Discovery Models for Muscular Dystrophies
Authors: Abati Elena , Sclarandi Emanuele , Comi Giacomo Pietro , Parente Valeria , Corti Stefania
Published: September 2021

Muscular dystrophies are a heterogeneous group of inherited diseases characterized by the progressive degeneration and weakness of skeletal muscles, leading to disability and, often, premature death. To date, no effective therapies are available to halt or reverse the pathogenic process, and meaningful treatments are urgently needed. From this perspective, it is particularly important to establish reliable in vitro models of human muscle that allow the recapitulation of disease features as well as the screening of genetic and pharmacological therapies. We herein review and discuss advances in the development of in vitro muscle models obtained from human induced pluripotent stem cells, which appear to be capable of reproducing the lack of myofiber proteins as well as other specific pathological hallmarks, such as inflammation, fibrosis, and reduced muscle regenerative potential. In addition, these platforms have been used to assess genetic correction strategies such as gene silencing, gene transfer and genome editing with clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein 9 (Cas9), as well as to evaluate novel small molecules aimed at ameliorating muscle degeneration. Furthermore, we discuss the challenges related to in vitro drug testing and provide a critical view of potential therapeutic developments to foster the future clinical translation of preclinical muscular dystrophy studies.
Application of Immunoprofiling Using Multiplexed Immunofluorescence Staining Identifies the Prognosis of Patients with High-Grade Serous Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Lee Shin-Wha , Lee Ha-Young , Kang Sung Wan , Kim Min Je , Lee Young-Jae , Sung Chang Ohk , Kim Yong-Man
Published: September 2021

Immunoprofiling has an established impact on the prognosis of several cancers; however, its role and definition in high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) are mostly unknown. This study is to investigate immunoprofiling which could be a prognostic factor in HGSOC. We produced tumor microarrays of 187 patients diagnosed with HGSOC. We performed a multiplexed immunofluorescence staining using Opal Multiplex IHC kit and quantitative analysis with Vectra-Inform system. The expression intensities of programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), CD4, CD8, CD20, FoxP3, and CK in whole tumor tissues were evaluated. The enrolled patients showed general characteristics, mostly FIGO stage III/IV and responsive to chemotherapy. Each immune marker showed diverse positive densities, and each tumor sample represented its immune characteristics as an inflamed tumor or noninflamed tumor. No marker was associated with survival as a single one. Interestingly, high ratios of CD8 to FoxP3 and CD8 to PD-L1 were related to the favorable overall survival (77 vs. 39 months, 84 vs. 47 months, respectively), and CD8 to PD-L1 ratio was also a significant prognostic factor (HR 0.621, 95% CI 0.420–0.917, p = 0.017) along with well-known clinical prognostic factors. Additionally, CD8 to PD-L1 ratio was found to be higher in the chemosensitive group (p = 0.034). In conclusion, the relative expression levels of CD8, FoxP3, and PD-L1 were significantly related to the clinical outcome of patients with HGSOC, which could be a kind of significant immunoprofiling of ovarian cancer patients to apply for treatment.