bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Laparoscopic loop cystojejunostomy
Authors: Badgurjar Mohit K. , Mandovra Pranav , Mathur Surendra K. , Patankar Roy
Published: September 2020

Surgical internal drainage of pancreatic pseudocyst can be done into the stomach, duodenum or jejunum depending on the anatomic relation of pseudocyst with hollow viscera. For cystojejunostomy, a Roux-en-Y loop is preferred over loop cystojejunostomy as former is thought to avoid the reflux of jejunal contents into the cyst cavity. This study presents our experience with laparoscopic loop cystojejunostomy showing loop cystojejunostomy for the pseudocyst of the pancreas can be safely performed laparoscopically with simpler technique with no complications including reflux.
A Vision on Intelligent Medical Service for Emergency on 5G and 6G Communication Era
Authors: Nayak Sabuzima , Patgiri Ripon
Published: September 2020

Emergency service is the most important research field for welfare of human kind. Some examples are ambulances and fire control truck. However, these conventional emergency services are not equipped with appropriate equipment to provide high QoS. For instance, conventional medical emergency services include ambulances with drivers and oxygen supplies only. Another example is the conventional fire control systems that only include fire control truck, which is not suitable for current scenario due to various challenges, for instance, road traffic. In addition, accidental services are unsatisfactory in current and future emergency services. Emergency service is required by anyone at anytime and anywhere. Therefore, it is the time to redefine and restructure the conventional emergency service for saving more lives. Due to the advent of wireless communication technology, it is possible to provide the emergency service on the spot in nearly real-time to save lives. Moreover, integration of Artificial Intelligence with smart devices can change the definition of emergency services. In this chapter, we envision the various emergency services to advance the healthcare services. Besides, we envision the impact of emergency services on healthcare with the help of Artificial Intelligence, 5G and 6G communication technology.
Indulgence of Children and Adolescence in Digital Devices during Pandemic
Authors: Dhakal Puspa , Dhakal Subarna Raj
Published: September 2020

Government of Nepal declared full phase lockdown on March 24, 2020, that lasted for 120 days for prevention of COVID-19 outbreak. The shutdown of educational centers was followed out as a measure to break the chain of transmission. Children and adolescents are forced to spend most time indoors. The uncertainty of resuming schools and colleges is leading them to a high level of stress and anxiety. Children and adolescents of this era binge on digital stuff which has not only increased access to digital devices but also risks them in a rapid rise in screen time and this has dramatically escalated during the lockdown period. Playing digital games have increasingly become a ubiquitous leisure activity among children and adolescents. Lack of physical activity, outdoor sports, and limited social interactions are also affecting their mental health. Staying social on social media platforms is used as a coping mechanism against stress. The unpredictable changes have had a great impact on children and adolescents. This pandemic has highlighted the urge to focus on health and sensible strategies and manage screen time to improve quality of life.
GRAMÁTICA NOS LIVROS DIDÁTICOS DE LÍNGUA PORTUGUESA
Authors: De Souza Santos Emílio , Terezinha Pereira Perpetuo Leensen , Fernanda Lacerda de Oliveira Maria , Gabriela Vieira Rita , Daiane Soares Rodrigues Valéria
Published: September 2020

Há uma preocupação cada vez mais latente sobre a forma como a Língua Portuguesa vem sendo abordada nas escolas de educação básica do Brasil, principalmente, em relação ao ensino de conteúdos gramaticais. Nesse contexto, este trabalho tem como objetivo apresentar os resultados de uma pesquisa relacionada à análise de conteúdos gramaticais em livros didáticos de Língua Portuguesa. Para tanto, constituiu-se como corpus da pesquisa os livros Linguagem, Criação e Interação, de Cássia Garcia de Souza e Márcia Paganini Cavéquia, publicado em 2002, e Português Linguagens, de Willian Cereja e Thereza Cochar, publicado em 2015, ambos direcionados ao 6º ano do Ensino Fundamental. Além do corpus, por tratar-se de uma pesquisa bibliográfica e documental, foram utilizadas contribuições de autores que acenam para a abordagem gramatical no ensino de Língua Portuguesa, especialmente, Barbosa (2009) e Neves (2011). A partir da análise dos livros supramencionados, constatou-se que os materiais didáticos analisados propõem um estudo indutivo dos conteúdos gramaticais, a partir de textos, imagens e propagandas. Vale ressaltar, também, a importância de uma postura crítica do professor em relação à utilização do livro didático como guia de estudo.
HISTÓRIAS SOBRE A PRÁTICA DE LÍNGUA INGLESA NO AMBIENTE ONLINE
Authors: Dos Santos Ferreira Geralda
Published: September 2020

Por muito tempo, em minhas aulas de língua inglesa, procurei   priorizar o livro didático sem me atentar para as reais necessidades de meus alunos. No entanto, uma experiência com meus alunos, no ambiente online, trouxe novas perspectivas. Portanto, nesse artigo, narro minha experiência com meus alunos, em um grupo formado no Facebook para a prática de língua inglesa. Meu objetivo é analisar a construção do currículo de língua inglesa em um contexto diferente do tradicional. Nesse estudo, percorro o caminho da pesquisa narrativa para compreender a experiência vivenciada com meus alunos no Facebook.
O ESTÁGIO SUPERVISIONADO E SUA IMPORTÂNCIA NA FORMAÇÃO DE PROFESSORES NO CURSO DE PEDAGOGIA
Authors: Melo de Souza Ivanise , Pereira da Silva Verônica , Maria Silva Reis Oliveira Ramony
Published: September 2020

O Estágio Curricular Supervisionado desempenha um papel fundamental nos cursos de formação de  professores possibilitando o acesso aos conhecimentos específicos ou da área de referência, conhecimentos pedagógicos apoiados em componentes curriculares, conhecimentos que são objetos de ensino e conhecimentos da prática profissional. Nesta perspectiva, este estudo teve como objetivo analisar a importância do Estágio Supervisionado na percepção dos acadêmicos do Curso de licenciatura em Pedagogia na Unimontes.  Está estudo  apresenta uma abordagem qualitativa, sendo utilizado o questionário como instrumento de coleta de dados. Por meio dos resultados apresentados na pesquisa pôde se constatar que o Estágio Supervisionado constitui se um componente curricular obrigatório nos cursos de licenciaturas e desempenha um papel fundamental no processo de formação de professores. O Estágio Supervisionado possibilita a articulação entre a universidade e a sociedade, proporcionando uma integração à realidade escolar e o exercício da futura profissão, bem como e ampliação de conhecimentos e habilidades construídos na universidade e na escola-campo. Neste sentido, o estágio envolve uma atitude de reflexão sobre a teoria e a prática e suas contribuições na formação docente e construção da identidade profissional do licenciado.
Riasan Wajah Sebagai Bagian Gambar Diri
Authors: Pea Irene Chrysantheme Roan
Published: September 2020

Tulisan ini berbicara tentang citra tubuh manusia sebagai bagian penting dari totalitas eksistensi di dalam konstruksi sosial-masyarakat. Citra tubuh sendiri terbangun berdasarkan kesan, pikiran, perasaan, dan opini seseorang tentang tubuhnya. Terkait dengan maraknya beauty vlogger pada berbagai akun media sosial (YouTube dan Instagram) yang mendemonstrasikan berbagai teknik makeup bagi perempuan, penulis mengemukakan kritik rekonstruksi terhadap hiruk-pikuk modernisme yang menempatkan manusia terjebak dalam konstruksi pandangan industri-kolonialisme yang mengatakan bahwa tata rias wajah (makeup) menjadi bagian dari gambar diri manusia, khususnya bagi perempuan. Penulis berargumentasi bahwa manusia sejatinya adalah mahluk yang indah dan berharga dalam keaslian gambaran dirinya meski tanpa bantuan tata rias wajah dengan menggunakan konsep body image dalam ranah psikologi dan sudut pandang estetika dari Hans Urs von Balthasar.
Menolak Diam: Gereja Melawan Perdagangan Orang
Authors: Gunawan Linna
Published: September 2020

Diskusi buku Menolak Diam.
Papel do Fisioterapeuta em diferentes cenários de atuação à COVID-19
Authors: Martinez Bruno Prata , Andrade Flávio Maciel Dias de , Martins Jocimar Avelar , Matte Darlan Laurício , Karsten Marlus
Published: September 2020

Este documento fornece orientação sobre o papel do fisioterapeuta em diferentes cenários para lidar com a COVID-19. Desde dezembro de 2019, com o surgimento do primeiro caso de COVID-19 e a expansão de casos em todo o mundo, muitos esforços foram direcionados para conter a pandemia. O fisioterapeuta, como um membro importante da equipe de saúde, desempenha um papel importante em diferentes cenários de desempenho, do primário ao terciário. Este documento apresenta uma tabela com os cenários e ações a serem realizados no nível primário, antes de uma possível contaminação, bem como as estratégias de tratamento no nível hospitalar, antes e após a intubação orotraqueal.
Recomendações sobre o uso de equipamentos de proteção individual (EPIs) no ambiente hospitalar e prevenção de transmissão cruzada na COVID-19
Authors: Matte Darlan Laurício , Cacau Lucas , Reis Luis Felipe Da Fonseca , Assis Mariela Cometki
Published: September 2020

O presente documento tem por objetivo informar sobre os modos de transmissão deste processo infeccioso, a tipologia dos equipamentos de proteção individual (EPIs), suas características, bem como orientar tecnicamente o uso correto destes EPIs no ambiente hospitalar pelos fisioterapeutas, e sobre a prevenção de transmissão cruzada por estes profissionais durante a pandemia de COVID-19. Além disso, estas recomendações nacionais estimulam os fisioterapeutas a se protegerem e utilizarem os EPIs adequadamente. Sabe-se que os fisioterapeutas são imprescindíveis na linha de frente de cuidados ao paciente com COVID-19, e que muitos procedimentos terapêuticos utilizados no contexto hospitalar são fontes dispersoras de aerossóis e assim fornecedores de risco ao ambiente e ao profissional. Desta forma, a proteção destes profissionais durante sua atividade-fim e do seu respectivo local de trabalho é motivo de grande preocupação por parte da ASSOBRAFIR.
Desmame da ventilação mecânica em pacientes com COVID-19
Authors: Castro Larissa Araújo de , Rocha Ângelo Roncalli Miranda , Camillo Carlos Augusto
Published: September 2020

O fisioterapeuta é fundamental no tratamento de pacientes com COVID-19, em especial na condução da ventilação mecânica (VM), desde a estratégia inicial até o reestabelecimento da ventilação espontânea. O corpo de evidências a respeito do desmame da VM em pacientes com COVID-19 ainda é incipiente e, portanto, sua execução deve combinar recomendações internacionalmente aceitas sobre desmame com medidas adicionais de segurança. Recomenda-se a avaliação diária da possibilidade de desmame, observando critérios como a capacidade de oxigenação e proteção de vias aéreas. Índices preditivos podem auxiliar, porém, devemos evitar aqueles que envolvem desconexão do ventilador mecânico pelo risco de aerossolização. Pela mesma razão, recomenda-se que o teste de respiração espontânea seja realizado em ventilação com suporte pressórico. A VM não invasiva pós extubação permanece indicada quando houver estrutura adequada para sua realização. Aos pacientes traqueostomizados em respiração espontânea, recomenda-se o uso de filtro trocador de calor e umidade de alta eficiência.
Registros notables de la guagua loba Dinomys branickii (Rodentia: Dinomyidae) en Antioquia, Colombia.
Authors: Arias-Alzate Andrés , Delgado-V Carlos A. , Restrepo Marín Daniel
Published: September 2020

La guagua loba, Dinomys branickii (Peters 1873), es el segundo roedor más grande de Colombia y la única representante viviente de la familia Dinomyidae. La especie presenta una distribución restringida a la Cordillera de los Andes.
Depredación de Marmosops sp. por el Barranquero Andino Momotus aequatorialis en la Reserva Natural la Rosa de los Vientos, Quindío, Colombia
Authors: Gómez-Hoyos Diego A. , Caicedo-Ortiz Yuly , Tirado Mejía Margarita Rosa
Published: September 2020

Las especies del género Marmosops spp., conocidas como chuchas mantequeras, son pequeños marsupiales que se distribuyen principalmente en la zona tropical y subtropical de Suramérica (Gardner 2008). En Colombia se han reportado 6 especies que suelen encontrarse en los bosques Andinos de las tres cordilleras y los bosques húmedos de la amazonia (Solari et al. 2013). Reportes de su historia natural los incluyen como presas de zorro-perro (Cerdocyon thous), así como de algunos búhos y lechuzas (Díaz-Nieto 2014a, 2014b). Sin embargo, no existen registros de depredación de estos marsupiales por parte de especies del género Momotus.
First record of Puma concolor Linneus, 1771 (Carnivora: Felidae) preying Odocoileus virginianus (Zimmermann, 1780) on a palm-oil plantation in the Meta department, Colombia
Authors: Olarte-González Gina , Escovar-Fadul Tatiana , Balaguera-Reina Sergio A.
Published: September 2020

Colombia is currently the fourth palm oil crop producer in the world and the top producer in South America (Torres-Carrasco et al. 2013), leading to an accelerated series of changes in many landscapes (Balaguera-Reina & González-Maya 2010). To date few studies have assessed biodiversity in palm-oil plantations in the country, in which large and medium-sized felids (Panthera onca, Leopardus pardalis, and Puma yagouaroundi) have been recorded, however, pumas (Puma concolor) have been exclusively recorded in forests and forest-edges (Boron & Payán 2012). Nevertheless, studies regarding ecological interactions and use by these species in these human-made landscapes are still missing.
First field observation of the predation by Jaguar (Panthera onca) on Olive Ridley sea turtle (Lepidochelys olivacea) at Nancite Beach, Santa Rosa National Park, Costa Rica
Authors: Escobar-Lasso Sergio , Fonseca Luis , Villachica Wilbert N. , Herrera Hansel , Valverde Roldán A. , Quirós-Pereira Wagner , Pesquero Marta , Plotkin Pamela T.
Published: September 2020

Jaguars have been recorded preying on adult female sea turtles on their nesting beaches in Costa Rica, Guyana, Mexico and Suriname (Fretey 1977, Autar 1994, Cuevas et al. 2014, Guildera et al. 2015). Jaguars prey on Green (Chelonia mydas), Olive Ridley (Lepidochelys olivacea), Hawksbill (Eretmochelys imbricata), and Leatherback (Dermochelys coriacea) sea turtles (see Fretey 1977, Autar 1994, Carrillo et al. 1994, Chinchilla 1997, Tröeng 2000, Heithaus et al. 2008, Veríssimo et al. 2012, Arroyo-Arce et al. 2014, Cuevas et al. 2014, Arroyo-Arce & Salom-Pérez 2015, Guildera et al. 2015). The capture effort and risk of injury associated with the predation of nesting sea turtles is expected to be lower relative to other prey species in the jaguar’s diet (Cavalcanti & Gese 2010). Additionally, they can be key resources when other pr ey availability is low (Veríssimo et al. 2012).
Mammalogy Notes – Notas Mastozoológicas y su contribución a la mastozoología desde la historia natural
Authors: González-Maya José F. , Gómez-Hoyos Diego A.
Published: September 2020

MaNo fue fundada en el año 2014, y en sus tres años de vida cuenta con 6 números publicados (Figura 1), que incluyen 72 contribuciones de ocho países, 73,7% en español y 26,3% en inglés, cubriendo un total de 170 especies. Como se planteó desde su origen, MaNo se ha enfocado en la publicación de Notas Científicas, constituyendo el 68% de las contribuciones, seguido por Inventarios (19,4%), Editoriales (8,3%) y Artículos, Correspondencias y Memorias de congreso con unacontribución cada uno.
Mammalogy Notes ahora se publica con el Open Journal System (OJS)
Authors: Lizcano Diego J. , González-Maya José F. , Cruz-Rodríguez Cristian A.
Published: September 2020

En nuestro cumpleaños número cinco, y con el interés de que Mammalogy Notes se mantenga a la vanguardia de los sistemas de publicación digitales, hemos dado los pasos para adoptar la versión 3 del sistema editorial del Open Journal System (OJS).
Cave use by the Broad-footed Climbing Rat Rhipidomys latimanus (Tomes, 1860) in Santander, Colombia.
Authors: Rodríguez-Posada Miguel
Published: September 2020

In this note, I report two field observations of R. latimanus using caves. These records provide new data about the natural history of R. latimanus, previously, this species was considered mainly arboreal and solitary.
Physiological, antimicrobial, intestine morphological, and immunological effects of fructooligosaccharides in pigs
Authors: Csernus Brigitta , Czeglédi Levente
Published: September 2020

Abstract. In pig nutrition, there are some periods when natural alternatives to
antibiotics are more required, such as during suckling and weaning.
Fructooligosaccharides (FOSs) are a group of prebiotics applied as feed
ingredients in animal nutrition since their positive effects on growth
performance, immunological parameters, intestinal microbiota, and gut
morphology are reported. Accordingly, FOS may be candidate molecules to
improve the mentioned properties in pigs. Previous studies defined FOS as inhibiting
the activity of pathogens and increasing the colonization of beneficial
bacteria in the gut, although metabolites of FOS decreased the intestinal pH
value. Beneficial effects on digestive-enzyme activities and on protein
digestion were determined in some studies. All of the three types of FOS
(inulin, oligomeric fructans, and short-chain FOSs) promoted the microbial
composition of the gut by increasing the colonizations of Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, and
Prevotella genus. FOS also affected the immune response directly and indirectly and
increased vaccine-specific IgA, serum IgG, and IgE levels. Moreover, FOS
enhanced the activation of T cells and altered the secretions of some
cytokines. Levels of vaccine-specific IgG could not be increased after FOS
supplements. In most cases, FOS modified intestinal morphological
parameters, such as longer villi, villus-height-to-crypt-depth ratio, and
thicker mucosa, which could suggest better absorptive functions. Results are
contradictory on growth performance, which might be influenced by the chemical
structure, the duration, and the dose of FOS, so further studies are
required. This review aims to gather information regarding immunological,
antimicrobial, intestine morphological, and growth performance properties of
fructooligosaccharides in pigs.
The impact of traffic on air quality in Ireland: insights from the simultaneous kerbside and suburban monitoring of submicron aerosols
Authors: Lin Chunshui , Ceburnis Darius , Xu Wei , Heffernan Eimear , Hellebust Stig , Gallagher John , Huang Ru-Jin , O'Dowd Colin , Ovadnevaite Jurgita
Published: September 2020

Abstract. To evaluate the impact of traffic on urban air quality,
the chemical composition of submicron aerosols (PM1) and sources of
organic aerosol (OA) were simultaneously investigated at a kerbside site in
the Dublin city center and a residential site in suburban Dublin
(∼ 5 km apart) from 4 September to 9 November in 2018. Through
the detailed comparison of a 1-week nonheating period from 10 to 17 September and a 1-week heating period from 27 October to 4 November, black
carbon (BC) was found to be the most dominant component (38 %–55 % or
5.6–7.1 µg m−3) of PM1 at the kerbside, while OA was the most
important (46 %–64 % of PM1 or 1.0–8.1 µg m−3) at the
residential site. The daily and weekly cycle of BC at the kerbside during
the nonheating period pointed to the major source of vehicular emissions,
consistent with that for nitrogen oxides (NOx). However, traffic
emissions were found to have a minor impact on air quality at the
residential site, due to its distance from traffic sources and the
effects of wind speed and wind direction. As a result of vehicular emissions
and the street canyon effect, the kerbside increment (from the urban background)
ratio of up to 25 : 1 was found for BC during the nonheating period but
reduced to 10 : 1 during the heating period due to the additional sources of
solid fuel burning impacting the air quality at both sites simultaneously.
OA source analysis shows only 16 %–28 % (0.9–1.0 µg m−3; upper
limit for traffic due to the additional heating source of hydrocarbon-like
OA – HOA) of OA at the kerbside associated with vehicular emissions, with
higher contributions from cooking (18 %–36 % or 1.2 µg m−3), solid
fuel burning (38 % or 2.4 µg m−3; resolved only during the
heating period), and oxygenated OA (29 %–37 % or 1.2–1.9 µg m−3).
At the residential site, solid fuel burning contributed to 60 % (4.9 µg m−3) of OA during the heating period, while oxygenated OA (OOA) accounted
for almost 65 % (0.6 µg m−3) of OA during the nonheating
period. Based on simultaneous investigations of PM1 at different urban
settings (i.e., residential versus kerbside), this study highlights the temporal and
spatial variability of sources within the Dublin city center and the need for
additional aerosol characterization studies to improve targeted mitigation
solutions for greater impact on urban air quality. Moreover, traffic and
residential heating may hold different implications for health and climate,
as indicated by the significant increment of BC at the kerbside and the
large geographic impact of OA from residential heating at both the kerbside
and residential sites.
Influence of ENSO on entry stratospheric water vapor in coupled chemistry-ocean CCMI and CMIP6 models
Authors: Garfinkel Chaim Israel , Harari Ohad , Ziskin Shlomi , Rao Jian , Morgenstern Olaf , Zeng Guang , Tilmes Simone , Kinnison Doug , O'Connor Fiona M. , Butchart Neal , Deushi Makoto , Jöckel Patrick , Pozzer Andrea
Published: September 2020

Abstract. The connection between the dominant mode of interannual variability in the tropical troposphere, El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO), and entry of stratospheric water vapor, is analyzed in a set of the model simulations archived for the Chemistry-Climate Model Initiative (CCMI) project and for phase 6 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project. While the models agree on the temperature response to ENSO in the tropical troposphere and lower stratosphere, and all models also agree on the zonal structure of the response in the tropical tropopause layer, the only aspect of the entry water vapor with consensus is that La Nina leads to moistening in winter relative to neutral ENSO. For El Nino and for other seasons there are significant differences among the models. For example, some models find that the enhanced water vapor for La Nina in the winter of the event reverses in spring and summer, other models find that this moistening persists, while some show a nonlinear response with both El Nino and La Nina leading to enhanced water vapor in both winter, spring, and summer. Focusing on Central Pacific ENSO versus East Pacific ENSO, or temperatures in the mid-troposphere as compared to temperatures near the surface, does not narrow the inter-model discrepancies. Despite this diversity in response, the temperature response near the cold point can explain the response of water vapor when each model is considered separately. While the observational record is too short to fully constrain the response to ENSO, it is clear that most models suffer from biases in the magnitude of interannual variability of entry water vapor. This bias could be due to missing forcing processes that contribute to observed variability in cold point temperatures.
Implementing Gas-to-Particle Partitioning of Semi-Volatile Inorganic Compounds in UCLALES-SALSA
Authors: Kudzotsa Innocent , Kokkola Harri , Tonttila Juha , Raatikainen Tomi , Romakkaniemi Sami
Published: September 2020

Abstract. We investigated the effect of inorganic semi-volatile compounds (SVC) HNO3 and NH3 on the cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) activity of aerosols and the subsequent changes in cloud properties. This was done by upgrading our state-of-the-art large eddy simulator – UCLALES-SALSA, which was modified to include the treatment of the condensation and dissolution of SVCs onto pre-existing aerosols and cloud droplets. The immediate effect of these SVCs on aerosols was to shift the aerosol dry size distribution towards larger sizes as a result of their co-condensation with water vapour. Since the dry size of a CCN is the dominant factor determining its CCN activity, a marked increase in cloud droplet number concentration(similar to the Twomey effect) was noted both in zero- and three-dimensional simulations when gas-phase concentrations of VCs were increased. As the overall amount of precipitation was small in the simulated stratocumulus case, the increase in droplet concentration led to a smaller mean size and reduced drizzle. Within clouds, the smaller droplets contain a relatively higher amount of nitrate than the larger ones, and as the drizzle is mainly formed through large droplets, the ammonium nitrate in-cloud scavenging is weaker than would be estimated based on average droplet composition. The model was also able to simulate the relatively more acidic interstitial particles than cloud droplets. However, below the cloud, condensation of gases on drizzling droplets quickly increases their overall wet scavenging efficiency compared to sulphate.
Million-year-scale alternation of warm-humid and semi-arid periods as a mid-latitude climate mode in the Early Jurassic (Late Sinemurian, Laurasian Seaway)
Authors: Munier Thomas , Deconinck Jean-François , Pellenard Pierre , Hesselbo Stephen P. , Riding James B. , Ullmann Clemens V. , Bougeault Cédric , Mercuzot Mathilde , Santoni Anne-Lise , Huret Emilia , Landrein Philippe
Published: September 2020

Abstract. High resolution clay mineral and stable isotope (C, O) data are reported from the upper Sinemurian (Lower Jurassic) of the Cardigan Bay Basin (Llanbedr [Mochras Farm] borehole, northwest Wales) and the Paris Basin (Montcornet borehole, northern France) to highlight the prevailing environmental and climatic conditions. In both basins, located at similar palaeolatitudes of 30–35° N, the clay mineral assemblages comprise chlorite, illite, illite-smectite mixed-layers (R1 I-S), smectite and kaolinite in various proportions. Because the influence of burial diagenesis and authigenesis is negligible in both boreholes, the clay minerals are interpreted to be derived from the erosion of the Caledonian and Variscan massifs, including their basement and pedogenic cover. In the Cardigan Bay Basin, the variations in the proportions of smectite and kaolinite are inversely related to each other over the entire upper Sinemurian succession. As in the Pliensbachian, the stratigraphical distribution reveals an alternation of kaolinite-rich intervals reflecting strong hydrolysing conditions, and smectite-rich intervals indicating a semi-arid climate. Kaolinite is particularly abundant in the upper part of the obtusum Zone and in the oxynotum Zone, suggesting more intense hydrolysing conditions likely coeval with warm conditions responsible for an acceleration of the hydrological cycle. This interval is also marked by a negative excursion of δ13Ccarb and δ18Ocarb, which may confirm a warmer palaeoclimate, although these excursions may be exaggerated or overprinted by the carbonate diagenesis. In the north of the Paris Basin, the stratigraphical succession is much thinner compared to the Cardigan Bay Basin site, and the oxynotum Zone is either absent or highly condensed. The clay assemblages are dominantly composed of illite and kaolinite without significant stratigraphical trends, but a smectite-rich interval identified in the obtusum Zone is interpreted as a consequence of the emersion of the London-Brabant Massif following a lowering of sea-level. A long-term decrease of δ13Corg from the late oxynotum/early raricostatum zones is also recorded in the two sites and may precede or partly include the negative carbon-isotope excursion of the Sinemurian/Pliensbachian Boundary Event, recognised in most basins worldwide, and interpreted as a late pulse of the Central Atlantic Magmatic Province volcanism.
Last interglacial (MIS 5e) sea-level proxies in southeastern South
America
Authors: Gowan Evan J. , Rovere Alessio , Ryan Deirdre D. , Richiano Sebastian , Montes Alejandro , Pappalardo Marta , Aguirre Marina L.
Published: September 2020

Abstract. Coastal southeast South America is one of the classic locations where there are robust, spatially extensive records of past high sea level. Sea-level proxies interpreted as being Last Interglacial (Marine Isotope Stage – MIS 5e) exist along the length of the Uruguayan and Argentinian coast, with exceptional preservation especially in Patagonia. Many coastal deposits are correlated to MIS 5e solely because they form the next highest terrace level above the Holocene highstand; however, dating control exists for some landforms from amino acid racemization, U/Th (on molluscs), electron spin resonance (ESR), and optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating. As part of the World Atlas of Last Interglacial Shorelines (WALIS) database, we have documented a total of 60 MIS 5 proxies attributed with various degrees of precision to MIS 5e. Among these, 48 are sea-level indicators, and 11 are marine limiting indicators (sea level above the elevation of the indicator), and 1 is terrestrial limiting (sea level below the elevation of the indicator). Limitations on the precision and accuracy of chronological controls and elevation measurements means that most of these indicators are considered to be low quality. The database is available at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3991597 (Gowan et al., 2020).
New species of the dinoflagellate cyst genus Svalbardella Manum, 1960, emend. from the Paleogene and Neogene of the northern high to middle latitudes
Authors: Śliwińska Kasia K. , Head Martin J.
Published: September 2020

Abstract. Species of the fusiform peridiniacean dinoflagellate cyst genera Svalbardella Manum, 1960, emend. (Eocene–Oligocene) and Palaeocystodinium Alberti, 1961 (Late Cretaceous–Miocene), have been examined from the high to middle latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere: Spitsbergen, Norwegian-Greenland Sea, Labrador Sea, western North Atlantic, and the North Sea basin. The genus Svalbardella is emended to comprise species with smooth or finely ornamented surfaces and for which one or both horns are bluntly rounded. Svalbardella clausii sp. nov. has a narrow range restricted to the lowermost Chattian (close to the NP24–NP25 boundary and within Chron C9n), and it therefore appears a useful stratigraphical marker. This species has a wide distribution across the North Atlantic, having been reported from the North Sea basin, western North Atlantic, and the Labrador Sea. Svalbardella clausii sp. nov. overlaps stratigraphically with the reoccurrence interval of Svalbardella cooksoniae Manum, 1960, and spans the Oi-2b cooling maximum. Its presence may therefore be related to the establishment of cooler surface waters at this time. Svalbardella kareniae sp. nov. has a discordant occurrence: Lower Oligocene and Lower Miocene of the Norwegian Sea at Deep Sea Drilling Project Site 338 and Ocean Drilling Program Site 643, respectively, and mid-Oligocene of the North Sea. Its distribution suggests that Svalbardella kareniae sp. nov. favours more open marine conditions. Palaeocystodinium obesum Fensome et al., 2009, described from offshore eastern Canada where it has a highest occurrence in the Lower Oligocene, is emended to include specimens with a finely ornamented periphragm and traces of tabulation in addition to the archeopyle.
A spaceborne SAR-based procedure to support the detection of landslides
Authors: Esposito Giuseppe , Marchesini Ivan , Mondini Alessandro Cesare , Reichenbach Paola , Rossi Mauro , Sterlacchini Simone
Published: September 2020

Abstract. The increasing availability of free-access satellite data represents a relevant opportunity for the analysis and assessment of natural hazards. The systematic acquisition of spaceborne imagery allows for monitoring areas prone to geohydrological disasters, providing relevant information for risk evaluation and management. In cases of major landslide events, for example, spaceborne radar data can provide an effective solution for the
detection of slope failures, even in cases with persistent cloud cover. The
information about the extension and location of the landslide-affected areas may support decision-making processes during emergency responses. In this paper, we present an automatic procedure based on Sentinel-1
Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) images, aimed at facilitating the detection of
landslides over wide areas. Specifically, the procedure evaluates changes of radar backscattered signals associated with land cover modifications that may be also caused by mass movements. After a one-time calibration of some
parameters, the processing chain is able to automatically execute the
download and preprocessing of images, the detection of SAR amplitude
changes, and the identification of areas potentially affected by landslides, which are then displayed in a georeferenced map. This map should help decision makers and emergency managers to organize field investigations. The process of automatization is implemented with specific scripts running on a GNU/Linux operating system and exploiting modules of open-source software. We tested the processing chain, in back analysis, on an area of about 3000 km2 in central Papua New Guinea that was struck by a severe seismic sequence in February–March 2018. In the area, we simulated a periodic survey of about 7 months, from 12 November 2017 to 6 June 2018, downloading 36 Sentinel-1 images and performing 17 change detection analyses automatically. The procedure resulted in statistical and graphical evidence of widespread land cover changes that occurred just after the most severe seismic events. Most of the detected changes can be interpreted as mass movements triggered by the seismic shaking.
Self-Management Practices among Diabetic Women of Reproductive Age in a Tertiary Hospital, Osun State, Nigeria
Authors: Lanre-Ogungbile Oluwatoyin Abiola , Sowunmi Christiana Olanrewaju , Opele Jacob Kehinde
Published: September 2020

PURPOSE: To investigate self-management practices of diet, exercise, medication, and self-monitoring of blood glucose among diabetic women of reproductive age in OAUTHC.

METHODS: This study employed a descriptive design. A total enumeration of 185 diabetic women of reproductive age in a tertiary hospital in Osun state constituted a sample size. A self-structured questionnaire with 40 items under 5 sections and a check list for recording glyceamic control measures were used for data collection. The data retrieved from the respondents were analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 23. Results were presented as frequencies, mean and standard deviation.

RESULTS: The findings from the study revealed a moderate level of dietary intake (mean = 2.80), moderate physical exercise (mean = 2.80), moderate medication intake (mean = 2.13) and moderate self-management practices (mean = 2.85) on 5points Likert scale.

DISCUSSION: The findings of the study were compared with previous studies and the researchers showed how the relevant theories that guided the study were used to explain the findings.

CONCLUSION: It was concluded that most of the women had moderate practice of diet, exercise, medication and self- monitoring of blood glucose as shown in their past medical history.
Classificação de Objetos usando os momentos de Zernike
Authors: Bernardes José , Sampaio Pedro , Gomes Kamila , De Paula Júnior Iális , De Souza Marcelo
Published: September 2020

Os momentos de Zernike são conjuntos de polinômios complexos usados em problemas de visão computacional e existem diversos trabalhos que exploram as suas propriedades descritor de atributos que se apresenta invariável a rotação. Neste artigo, é explorado o desempenho dos momentos de Zernike em um problema de classificação ao qual os conjuntos de cada classe possuem uma variedade de perspectivas. Para isso, foi utilizado a base de dados Natural Images e três algoritmos de aprendizado de máquina.Com o intuito de trazer uma comparação e mostrar os impactos das variações dos parâmetros nos desempenho dos algoritmos. Ao final do trabalho, o melhor resultado obtido foi o de 77% de acurácia.
Der präventive Restrukturierungsrahmen
Authors: Eckelt Florian
Published: September 2020

Der präventive Restrukturierungsrahmen wird je nach Ausgestaltung erhebliche Auswirkungen auf das bestehende deutsche Sanierungs- und Insolvenzrecht haben. Das Werk analysiert die vom deutschen Gesetzgeber spätestens bis zum 17. Juli 2022 zwingend umzusetzenden Vorgaben der Richtlinie (EU) 2019/1023 vom 20. Juni 2019 zur Schaffung dieses Rechtsrahmens umfassend, stellt die verbleibenden Umsetzungsspielräume dar, zeigt Inkonsistenzen auf und gibt Anreize für die Umsetzung in deutsches Recht. Das Werk bietet damit für die weitere Diskussion der Implementierung dieses Rechtsrahmens eine Orientierungshilfe und ist auch für eine spätere richtlinienkonforme Auslegung des auf der EU-Richtlinie fußenden deutschen Rechts höchst aufschlussreich.
The Moral Hazards of Using Turnitin as a Learning Tool
Authors: Pavelich Andrew ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: September 2020

Plagiarism detection service like Turnitin can be powerful tools to help faculty evaluate whether a student’s paper is plagiarized. But there’s another side to Turnitin: The service promotes itself as a way to help teach students how to avoid plagiarism. I argue that the use of plagiarism detection services as learning tools actually contributes to the problem of plagiarism, by encouraging the idea that original papers are the goal of a class, instead of instruments to assess a student’s ability to understand the class material. In addition, giving students access to the very tool that professors use to evaluate the authenticity of a paper allows students to use the tool to intentionally plagiarize in a way that passes the test. While plagiarism-detection services can help professors investigate suspected acts of plagiarism, they should not be used as a tool to teach students how to write papers.
Pedagogy of Attention: Subverting the Strong Language of Intention in Social Justice Education
Authors: Desroches Sarah J.
Published: September 2020

In this paper, I explore the possibility of social justice education as pedagogy of attention rather than simply pedagogy of intention. Drawing on Gert Biesta’s (2010) concept of “strong” education, I begin by explaining how the language of intention in social justice education relies on a discourse in which “in-puts” will result in specific and immediate “out-puts.” In this sense, social justice education can proceed too quickly to action-oriented imperatives. Following this, I take up Jan Masschelein’s (2010) notion of poor pedagogy: pedagogy that requires nothing more than paying attention to argue that creating a space in which the only goal is to pay attention offers the potential of producing a shift in how social justice education proceeds. Pedagogy of attention subverts the primacy of pedagogy of intention by making an important contribution to social justice education, presenting the world in a way that is not contained by the frames (limitations) of what students are told exists, allowing for the possibility of transformation.
(Ir)rationalité et éducation chez Aristote
Authors: Cambron-Goulet Mathilde
Published: September 2020

L’enfant est-il un être rationnel? Les comparaisons qu’Aristote établit entre le petit enfant d’une part, et les bêtes sauvages et les esclaves d’autre part, donnent à penser que ce n’est pas le cas. Toutefois, un examen attentif du contexte doctrinal dans lequel prennent place ces comparaisons indique qu’il ne s’agit pas là de jugements dont la portée s’inscrit sur le plan axiologique. En outre, une étude des facultés de l’âme visées par l’éthique montre que le rôle de l’éducateur, lequel doit inculquer à l’enfant les habitudes qui le mèneront, adulte, à l’exercice de la vertu au sens fort, ne consiste pas à s’adresser à l’enfant comme être rationnel, mais bien comme être raisonnable, ce qui relève d’une tout autre faculté de l’âme. Cette conception de la vertu et des moyens qui doivent être mis en œuvre pour acquérir cet état stable explique l’importance qu’accorde Aristote à l’obéissance dans l’éducation des enfants.
Éthique et éducation: une question de raison ou d'émotion?
Authors: Gohier Christiane
Published: September 2020

Chez les philosophes contemporains, la question des sources de l’éthique chez l’agent ne fait pas consensus, raison ou émotion étant convoquées selon les auteurs comme modalités premières dans l’agentivité éthique qui concerne essentiellement le souci de l’autre. On examinera ici le point de vue d’éthiciens appartenant à différentes écoles de pensée : en philosophie analytique, Christine Tappolet et Bernard Williams qui accordent une place importante à l’émotion, sans exclure la raison ; chez les théoriciens de l’école de Francfort, Jürgen Habermas et Axel Honneth, le premier accordant le primat à la raison et le second, à la reconnaissance sociale sous trois formes, la reconnaissance affective en étant le fondement ; et dans la tradition herméneutique, Paul Ricoeur qui fait appel à l’estime de soi, à la sollicitude pour autrui ainsi qu’à la reconnaissance, de l’autre et mutuelle, puis à la gratitude. On verra ensuite quelles sont les implications de ces perspectives en éducation, particulièrement pour la formation des enseignants, en proposant une éthique du lien qui opte pour la complémentarité entre rationalité et sensibilité comme sources de l’agentivité éthique et quels sont les dispositifs pouvant favoriser leur développement.
What Is An Ideal Critical Thinker Expected to Conclude about Anthropogenic Global Warming?
Authors: Brambatti Guzzo Guilherme , Dall'Alba Gabriel
Published: September 2020

Critical thinking involves the ability to properly assess statements and actions, and it also requires a permanent disposition to appropriately use cognitive skills in the evaluation of any claim. In the present paper, we discuss the characteristics of an ideal critical thinker, and apply them to a contemporary problem, namely anthropogenic global warming (AGW, a hypothesis that accounts for the increase of the average temperature of Earth as a consequence of human activities), in order to discuss what an ideal critical thinker is expected to conclude about the occurrence of this phenomenon. We assume that an ideal critical thinker is able to find out where the most reliable information regarding a certain issue is, is competent to reasonably evaluate it, and has an inclination to calibrate her beliefs according to the results of the inquiry. We thus conclude that an ideal critical thinker is expected to accept the current scientific consensus that AGW is occurring, albeit considering this issue, as well as virtually any other idea, open to revision. The fact that in many occasions people are selective in using critical thinking skills, such as when they reject the massive evidence of AGW, should be a cause of concern for educators, who should motivate their students to think critically about any problem and question they encounter; this, in turn, could help the students to develop a better understanding of the world, take more reasonable courses of action, and be protected against misinformation.
Learning to be Moved: The Modes of Democratic Responsiveness
Authors: Warnick Bryan , Yacek Douglas , Robinson Shannon
Published: September 2020

Being responsive to the experiences, ideas, and stories of others is an essential trait for democratic citizens. Responsiveness promotes the general welfare, it shows respect for others, and allows for what Tony Laden has called the social practice of reasoning. Political theorists have shown how responsiveness is a middle ground between dominance and acquiescence, where citizens show a willingness to be moved by those around them. Responsiveness is tested, though, when citizens interact with those who hold what are thought to be immoral or unjust beliefs. The key question: Is it possible to engage responsively with those who hold morally suspect beliefs, to be legitimately “moved” by those around us, without necessarily acquiescing to the moral problems? We argue that such engagement is both possible and desirable. There are at least five different ways to be moved by others in a productive, civic sense. We describe these modes, explain their moral depth, and give some examples. Civic educators should be aware of these modes and teach students how they can be manifest in democratic life.
Dissecting the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironments in Glioblastoma-on-a-Chip for optimized PD-1 immunotherapy
Authors: Cui Xin , Ma Chao , Vasudevaraja Varshini , Serrano Jonathan , Tong Jie , Peng Yansong , Delorenzo Michael , Shen Guomiao , Frenster Joshua , Morales Renee-Tyler Tan , Qian Weiyi , Tsirigos Aristotelis , Chi Andrew S , Jain Rajan , Kurz Sylvia C , Sulman Erik P , Placantonakis Dimitris G , Snuderl Matija , Chen Weiqiang
Published: September 2020

Programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) checkpoint immunotherapy efficacy remains unpredictable in glioblastoma (GBM) patients due to the genetic heterogeneity and immunosuppressive tumor microenvironments. Here, we report a microfluidics-based, patient-specific ‘GBM-on-a-Chip’ microphysiological system to dissect the heterogeneity of immunosuppressive tumor microenvironments and optimize anti-PD-1 immunotherapy for different GBM subtypes. Our clinical and experimental analyses demonstrated that molecularly distinct GBM subtypes have distinct epigenetic and immune signatures that may lead to different immunosuppressive mechanisms. The real-time analysis in GBM-on-a-Chip showed that mesenchymal GBM niche attracted low number of allogeneic CD154+CD8+ T-cells but abundant CD163+ tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), and expressed elevated PD-1/PD-L1 immune checkpoints and TGF-β1, IL-10, and CSF-1 cytokines compared to proneural GBM. To enhance PD-1 inhibitor nivolumab efficacy, we co-administered a CSF-1R inhibitor BLZ945 to ablate CD163+ M2-TAMs and strengthened CD154+CD8+ T-cell functionality and GBM apoptosis on-chip. Our ex vivo patient-specific GBM-on-a-Chip provides an avenue for a personalized screening of immunotherapies for GBM patients.
Vascular dimorphism ensured by regulated proteoglycan dynamics favors rapid umbilical artery closure at birth
Authors: Nandadasa Sumeda , Szafron Jason M , Pathak Vai , Murtada Sae-Il , Kraft Caroline M , O'Donnell Anna , Norvik Christian , Hughes Clare , Caterson Bruce , Domowicz Miriam S , Schwartz Nancy B , Tran-Lundmark Karin , Veigl Martina , Sedwick David , Philipson Elliot H , Humphrey Jay D , Apte Suneel S
Published: September 2020

The umbilical artery lumen closes rapidly at birth, preventing neonatal blood loss, whereas the umbilical vein remains patent longer. Here, analysis of umbilical cords from humans and other mammals identified differential arterial-venous proteoglycan dynamics as a determinant of these contrasting vascular responses. The umbilical artery, but not the vein, has an inner layer enriched in the hydrated proteoglycan aggrecan, external to which lie contraction-primed smooth muscle cells (SMC). At birth, SMC contraction drives inner layer buckling and centripetal displacement to occlude the arterial lumen, a mechanism revealed by biomechanical observations and confirmed by computational analyses. This vascular dimorphism arises from spatially regulated proteoglycan expression and breakdown. Mice lacking aggrecan or the metalloprotease ADAMTS1, which degrades proteoglycans, demonstrate their opposing roles in umbilical vascular dimorphism, including effects on SMC differentiation. Umbilical vessel dimorphism is conserved in mammals, suggesting that differential proteoglycan dynamics and inner layer buckling were positively selected during evolution.