bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sex-specific incidence of asthma, rhinitis and respiratory multimorbidity before and after puberty onset: individual participant meta-analysis of five birth cohorts collaborating in MeDALL
Authors: Hohmann Cynthia , Keller Theresa , Gehring Ulrike , Wijga Alet , Standl Marie , Kull Inger , Bergstrom Anna , Lehmann Irina , Berg Andrea von , Heinrich Joachim , Lau Susanne , Wahn Ulrich , Maier Dieter , Anto Josep , Bousquet Jean , Smit Henriette , Keil Thomas , Roll Stephanie
Published: September 2019

Introduction

To understand the puberty-related sex shift in the prevalence of asthma and rhinitis as single entities and as respiratory multimorbidities, we investigated if there is also a sex-specific and puberty-related pattern of their incidences.

Methods

We used harmonised questionnaire data from 18 451 participants in five prospective observational European birth cohorts within the collaborative MeDALL (Mechanisms of the Development of Allergy) project. Outcome definitions for IgE-associated and non-IgE-associated asthma, rhinitis and respiratory multimorbidity (first occurrence of coexisting asthma and rhinitis) were based on questionnaires and the presence of specific antibodies (IgE) against common allergens in serum. For each outcome, we used proportional hazard models with sex–puberty interaction terms and conducted a one-stage individual participant data meta-analysis.

Results

Girls had a lower risk of incident asthma (adjusted HR 0.67, 95% CI 0.61 to 0.74), rhinitis (0.73, 0.69 to 0.78) and respiratory multimorbidity (0.58, 0.51 to 0.66) before puberty compared with boys. After puberty onset, these incidences became more balanced across the sexes (asthma 0.84, 0.64 to 1.10; rhinitis 0.90, 0.80 to 1.02; respiratory multimorbidity 0.84, 0.63 to 1.13). The incidence sex shift was slightly more distinct for non-IgE-associated respiratory diseases (asthma 0.74, 0.63 to 0.87 before vs 1.23, 0.75 to 2.00 after puberty onset; rhinitis 0.88, 0.79 to 0.98 vs 1.20, 0.98 to 1.47; respiratory multimorbidity 0.66, 0.49 to 0.88 vs 0.96, 0.54 to 1.71) than for IgE-associated respiratory diseases.

Discussion

We found an incidence ‘sex shift’ in chronic respiratory diseases from a male predominance before puberty to a more sex-balanced incidence after puberty onset, which may partly explain the previously reported sex shift in prevalence. These differences need to be considered in public health to enable effective diagnoses and timely treatment in adolescent girls.
Psychological burden associated with worse clinical outcomes in sarcoidosis
Authors: Sharp Michelle , Brown Taylor , Chen Edward , Rand Cynthia S , Moller David R , Eakin Michelle N
Published: September 2019

Introduction

Sarcoidosis is a multisystem granulomatous inflammatory disorder. Sarcoidosis is associated with significant morbidity and rising healthcare utilisation. Patients with sarcoidosis report higher psychological symptoms than the general population. We evaluated the association between depressive and anxiety symptoms and clinical outcomes in patients with pulmonary sarcoidosis requiring treatment.

Methods

Adult patients in the Johns Hopkins Sarcoidosis Clinic diagnosed with pulmonary sarcoidosis on treatment were eligible for enrollment. Questionnaires were administered to assess depressive and anxiety symptoms, healthcare utilisation and health-related quality of life (HRQoL).

Results

112 participants were enrolled (57% women, 53% African American, median age: 57 years). 34% of participants screened positive for mild and 20% for moderate–severe depressive symptoms. 25% of participants screened positive for mild and 12% for moderate–severe anxiety symptoms. Participants with moderate–severe psychological symptoms had a higher odds of an emergency department visit in the previous 6 months (8.87 for depressive symptoms and 13.05 for anxiety symptoms) and worse HRQoL compared with participants without psychological symptoms. Participants with moderate–severe depressive symptoms had lower diffusion capacity of the lungs for carbon monoxide % predicted compared with those without depressive symptoms. There was no association between elevated psychological symptoms and the odds of hospitalisation, forced vital capacity % predicted and forced expiratory volume in 1 second % predicted.

Conclusion

Psychological symptoms may be associated with worse clinical outcomes in sarcoidosis. Improving the recognition through clinic screening and referral for treatment of depression and anxiety in sarcoidosis may reduce acute healthcare utilisation and improve HRQoL.
Delayed forebrain syndrome due to presumptive traumatic intranasal meningoencephalocele in a cat
Authors: Liatis Theophanes , De Stefani Alberta , Mantis Panagiotis , Cherubini Giunio Bruto
Published: September 2019

A 3‐year‐old male neutered domestic shorthair cat was referred with 1‐month history of three generalised tonic‐clonic epileptic seizures and left‐sided thoracic limb knuckling. Nine months previously, the cat was bitten on the right upper palpebral region without manifesting neurological signs. On admission, physical and neurological examination revealed left‐sided postural reaction deficits and absent menace response. Thus, a right‐forebrain neurolocalisation was reached. Haematology, biochemistry, bile acid stimulation test, infectious diseases serology and cerebrospinal fluid analysis were unremarkable. Cerebral MRI revealed extension of brain and meninges into the right frontal sinus. Final diagnosis of a right‐sided traumatic frontoethmoidal meningoencephalocele was made. The cat remained seizure free under phenobarbital treatment with residual left‐sided postural reaction deficits at 9 months follow‐up. This is the first report of presumptive traumatic meningoencephalocele in a cat, which emphasises the importance of complete neurological investigation and regular long‐term follow‐up checks in patients with historical head trauma despite the absence of initial neurological signs.
Observational constraints on interacting Tsallis holographic dark energy model
Authors: Sadri Ehsan
Published: September 2019

In this paper, we investigate a recent proposed model – so called the Tsallis holographic dark energy (THDE) model with consideration of the Hubble and the event future horizon as IR cutoffs. In this case, we consider the non-gravitational and phenomenological interaction between dark sectors. We fit the free parameters of the model using Pantheon Supernovae Type Ia data, Baryon Acoustic Oscillations, Cosmic Microwave Background, Gamma-Ray burst and the the local value of the Hubble constant. We examine the THDE model to check its compatibility with observational data using objective Information Criterion (IC). We find that the THDE models cannot be supported by observational data once the$$\Lambda $$ΛCDM is considered as the referring model. Therefore we re-examine the analysis with the standard holographic dark energy model (HDE) as another reference. Changing the$$\Lambda $$ΛCDM to main standard dark energy model (HDE), we observe the compatibility of the THDE models. Using the Alcock–Paczynski (AP) test we check the deviation of the model compared to$$\Lambda $$ΛCDM and HDE. Surveying the evolution of squared of sound speed$$v^2_s$$vs2as an another test we check the stability of the interacting and non-interacting THDE models and we find that while the THDE model with the Hubble horizon as IR cutoff is unstable against the background perturbation, the future event horizon as IR cutoff show stability at the late time. In addition, using the modified version of the CAMB package, we observe the suppressing the CMB spectrum at small K-modes and large scale.
Indo-Iranian and Islamicate Sources of Astrological Medicine in Medieval China
Authors: Kotyk Jeffrey
Published: September 2019

This study documents the introduction and implementation of foreign astrological medicine—specifically, prognosis on the basis of horoscopy—between the eighth and sixteenth centuries in China. It is argued that materials derived from Hellenistic, Indian, Iranian, and Islamicate sources were utilized by Chinese astrologers during the medieval period to predict illness. This study furthermore argues that remedies for negative astral influence were religious in nature and therefore constituted a type of faith healing that was practiced among Buddhists and Daoists.
Indian Imaginaries of Chinese Success in the Global Herbal Medicine Market
Authors: Kudlu Chithprabha , Nichter Mark
Published: September 2019

India’s share in the global herbal market is dwarfed by that of China. Public and policy discourse in India exhorts Ayurvedic stakeholders to emulate Chinese medicine’s “science-based approach” to expand their global market share. But contrary to popular perception in India, China has been largely unsuccessful in making inroads into the coveted Euro-American herbal medicine market. Chinese medicine’s global footprint is largely the result of historical-cultural links, diasporic influences, and acupuncture practitioners. With national traditional medicine policies increasingly shaped by the evidence-based regulatory paradigm, the future of these informal bottom-up pathways is uncertain. Ignoring the roots of Chinese medicine’s global career has led to a distorted image of its “success” as an outcome of state investment in scientific validation and standardization programs. Our findings underscore the need to critically examine the imaginaries of success that drive stakeholders of non-biomedical traditions toward scientization to earn legitimacy and profits in the global realm.
Does Journalism Exist in Turkey?
Authors: Akin Altug
Published: September 2019

In this article, I analyze the post-coup media and communications environment in Turkey with a particular focus on the practice of journalism, which is becoming increasingly complicated. Following an approach that considers both the constraints imposed on journalism and struggle for news-making, this study represents an attempt to better comprehend the most recent condition of the field of journalism in Turkey, where both producing the news and making sense of the news have become increasingly arduous endeavors. In order to study the structural constraints and struggles of journalists and news organizations, I deploy Pierre Bourdieu’s field theory as a theoretical framework to scrutinize the current situation of journalism in Turkey.
The Weaponization of Doubt
Authors: Christensen Christian
Published: September 2019

In this article, I offer a parallel reading of Erdogan and Trump in order to highlight the extent to which these two leaders have engaged—actively and effectively—in discrediting not only journalistic content (called ‘fake news’ or ‘treason’), but also the very institutions of journalism, institutions that are key agents in international and national power geometries. The parallel reading is particularly useful because, as I argue, Trump and Erdogan can be understood as different nodes on the democratic plane, with clearly overlapping rhetorical and political strategies to meddle with power hierarchies, to reposition the role and status of their respective countries.
Political Use of Twitter in Post-Gezi Environmental Protests
Authors: Doğu Burak
Published: September 2019

Twitter has often been associated with recent social movements, particularly in the Middle East region. It was also used widely in Turkey during and after the nationwide Gezi protests of 2013. In this article, I study the political engagement practices on Twitter with a particular focus on the post-Gezi environmental protests, and reflect on how emergent protest ecologies are shaped through the participation of the diverse stakeholders. Based on an analysis of three environmental protests in Yirca, Iztuzu and Cerattepe, I highlight the role of Twitter as a political platform connecting players across protests. Findings indicate that Twitter plays a significant role in expanding protest networks and enabling the congregation of a wide variety of players, such as environmental movement organizations, media, political figures and activists who then help to sustain their resistance movements.
Blessings in Disguise: How Authoritarian Legacies and the China Factor Have Strengthened Democracy in Taiwan
Authors: Templeman Kharis
Published: September 2019

Democracy in Taiwan today appears consolidated and of high quality. Much writing on Taiwan’s democratisation explains this outcome by pointing to aspects of its modernisation, but an underappreciated cause is its well-institutionalised party system, which in comparison to most other Third Wave democracies is a model of competitiveness, consistency, and stability. The sources of party system institutionalisation (psi) in Taiwan can be traced back to two factors: the legacies of the martial-law-era kmt regime, and the emergence of the China question as a fundamental, polarising divide in Taiwanese politics. High psi has ensured a credible alternative to incumbents in each election, enhanced the responsiveness of governments to citizen demands, and encouraged the greater provision of public goods and development of broad, programmatic policies rather than narrowly targeted, clientelist ones. Thus, Taiwan’s democracy is consolidated because of, rather than despite, the legacies of the pre-democratic era and the China factor.
An Assessment of Cyberpower within the Triangular Relations of Taiwan–US–China and Its Implications
Authors: Yau Hon-min
Published: September 2019

The aim of this paper is to assess the change in the cyberpower dynamics between Taiwan, the US, and China. Given Taiwan’s decision to establish the Information, Communications and Electronic Warfare Command to counter China’s cyberthreat in 2017, there is very little scholarly work regarding the context of Taiwan’s cybersecurity challenge. Not only are cyberweapons and capabilities not viewable and quantifiable in the direct sense as numbers of submarines or aircraft, but also the problem of attribution in cyberspace creates an epistemological limitation in explaining the origin of cyberattacks. Hence, this paper engages with Taiwan’s conception of cyberspace and submits a general review of cyberpower. It concludes that the shift in the cyberpower dynamics between Taiwan, the US, and China has contributed to Taiwan’s fear and changed Taiwan’s threat perception.
National Trends in Pediatric Headache and Associated Functional Limitations
Authors: Pawlowski Callie , Buckman Cierra , Tumin Dmitry , Smith Aimee W. , Crotty Jennifer
Published: September 2019

Objective. Frequent or severe headaches are associated with school absenteeism and functional limitation in children, but trends in headache prevalence are uncertain. We used nationally representative data to describe trends in pediatric headache prevalence in the United States, and to evaluate whether headache has remained consistently associated with functional limitations among school-age children. Methods. We analyzed data on children age 5 to 17 years in the 2007 to 2015 National Health Interview Surveys. Caregivers reported whether each child experienced frequent or severe headache in the past 12 months. Weighted proportions and multivariable regression were used to estimate headache prevalence over the study period and associations between headache and measures of functional limitation. Results. The analysis included 57 272 children (mean age = 11 years; 52% female). Frequent or severe headache was reported for 6% of children, with no discernable trend over the study period. On multivariable Poisson regression, headache became more strongly associated with school absenteeism over time. In 2007, frequent or severe headache was associated with a 70% increase in the number of missed school days (incidence risk ratio [IRR] = 1.70; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.50-1.91; P < .001), whereas by 2015, headache was associated with a 139% increase in the number of missed school days (IRR = 2.39; 95% CI = 2.02-2.83; P < .001). Conclusion. Though the prevalence of frequent or severe headache in school-age children did not change in 2007 to 2015, headache became more strongly associated with school absenteeism, highlighting the need for improved management of patients with headaches to prevent negative impact on school performance and functional status.
Social Stories and Visual Supports Interventions for Students at Risk for Emotional and Behavioral Disorders
Authors: Zimmerman Kathleen N. , Ledford Jennifer R. , Gagnon Kari L. , Martin Jessica L.
Published: September 2019

Antecedent interventions are often used preventatively to address engagement, but few studies have evaluated their effectiveness with students at risk for disability. This study evaluated the effectiveness of two commonly recommended antecedent interventions that have limited empirical support for use with students at risk: social stories and visual supports. Both interventions were evaluated separately in the context of two single-case alternating treatments designs across five elementary students at risk for emotional and behavioral disorders. Social stories were not effective for improving students’ levels of engagement during targeted activities; visual supports resulted in increases in students’ engagement relative to baseline conditions. Future use of visual supports for students at risk should include evaluations of the feasibility of implementation by teaching staff.
Endobronchial metastases from hepatocellular carcinoma: a case report
Authors: Cheung Francis Park-yun , Russell Prudence Anne , Alam Naveed Zeb , Wright Gavin Michael
Published: September 2019

Advanced-stage hepatocellular carcinoma presenting with endobronchial metastases is an extremely rare phenomenon, with only a few cases reported to date. Despite endobronchial metastases being a rare occurrence, the clinically significant sequelae require prompt diagnosis and management. Therapeutic bronchoscopy represents an effective palliative treatment for malignant airway obstruction. This case report describes a 62-year-old man who presented with bilateral endobronchial metastases from advanced-stage hepatocellular carcinoma, requiring symptom palliation with laser bronchoscopy.
The ‘Playful Pluralist’: The Pioneer Genre-Roaming of ‘Crypto-Feminist’ Coral Lansbury
Authors: Nolan Melanie
Published: September 2019

Coral Lansbury wrote in a number of different registers and genres. Serially, she was an Australian radio script and ‘soaps’ writer, studied in New Zealand as an expatriate, became a Distinguished Professor of English specialising in British Victorian Studies in the USA and then a novelist. As well as boomeranging between writing careers and countries of the Anglosphere, the thrice-married Lansbury experienced widowhood, unmarried motherhood and divorce; she abandoned her child to her husband and later reconciled with her son. Her life reads like a plot from one of her novels. Lansbury was not active in women’s associations or the organised feminist movement. Her radio work, lectures and book tours in which she expounded her ‘crypto’ and, then later, ‘economic’ and ‘conservative-anarchist’ feminism were ephemeral. I argue that she should be repatriated into the history of postwar Australian feminism because, while mercurial and living in the USA, she pursued an expatriate professional strategy successfully and consistently sought to extend women’s vocation through kinds of popular literature. Her work reveals pluralism as much as contradiction.
Implementation of sustainable development goals: The role for business academics
Authors: Christ Katherine Leanne , Burritt Roger Leonard
Published: September 2019

Achievement of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) by 2030 is a Grand Challenge, especially for business academics who have a responsibility to work with businesses regarding their management and contributions. Two main challenges are examined in the article: the need for academics to work together towards holistic solutions to SDG problems, and the need for stronger engagement to reduce the distance between academics and practitioners/ practice. It then develops a framework that considers the knowledge-generation and application roles business academics face in addressing groups of insiders and outsiders. Finally, the use of the framework is demonstrated via a case study of modern slavery in corporate supply chains.

JEL Classification: M14, Q01
Trials and tribulations of market responses to climate change: Insight through the transformation of the Australian electricity market
Authors: Dodd Tracey , Nelson Tim
Published: September 2019

We analyse the energy transition from coal to renewable. Our research contributes to the literature on transitions and grand challenges. Mitigating the effects of dangerous human-induced climate change requires Australia to adopt a ‘carbon budget’ of no more than 10 Gt between 2015 and 2050. To achieve this, the Australian electricity sector must reduce greenhouse gas emissions to at least net zero emissions by 2050. Australia’s strategic response to climate change will have a significant influence on greenhouse gas emissions across Asia and the Pacific. The transition to renewables has proved difficult. The Liddell case study, involving closure of an ageing coal-fired power station, shows how the transition was impeded by institutional decisions. While firm-level actors recognised opportunities, regulators resisted the transition. Our research illustrates that transitions for grand challenges may require a relational stakeholder review, beyond the concept of short-term win–wins.

JEL Classification: L02, D02, Q05
The relational attributes of marketplaces in post-earthquake Port-au-Prince, Haiti
Authors: Smith David
Published: September 2019

This paper explores the interplay between social and physical aspects of food retail in disaster and post-disaster contexts and discusses how it can inform better market support interventions and food retail modernization agendas. To this end, this paper draws on a case study analysis of three distinct marketplaces in metropolitan Port-au-Prince to explore aspects of food provision and access. The findings demonstrate the pertinence of beneficial reciprocal relationships among traders and between traders and customers, as well as the physical preconditions for the existence and maintenance of these relationships over time. The study also reviews the impacts of destroyed and changing physical infrastructure in disaster and post-disaster contexts on these social relationships. It concludes by calling for an acknowledgement of the interrelated attributes of solidarity, proximity and stability of existing marketplaces in urban planning and humanitarian practices in the efforts to improve urban food security and disaster recovery.
New insights on sources contributing dust to the loess record of the western edge of the Pampean Plain during the transition from the late MIS 2 to the early Holocene
Authors: Torre Gabriela , Gaiero Diego M , Cosentino Nicolás Juan , Coppo Renata , Oliveira-Sawakuchi André
Published: September 2019

High-resolution studies of palaeorecords located closer to the dust source areas of South America are relevant for increasing the knowledge on past climatic conditions in the Southern Hemisphere. In this sense, the Pampean loess archives can offer explicit records of dust source, transport, and deposition in the region, providing new insights which may be used to better understand the role of dust in future climate change scenarios. In this work, we studied a loess sequence located at the westernmost Pampean Plain. The studied sequence covers a span of time from the late Marine Isotope Stage (MIS 2) period up to the early Holocene. Loess samples from this record have two grain-size populations, indicating more than one dust source area. The dominance of a coarse-silt subpopulation during the transition from the late MIS 2 to the early Holocene suggests that proximal dust sources were dominant at that time. Two of the most proximal dust sources were analyzed as probable contributors to the Lozada site: sediments derived from the Eastern Pampean Ranges and sediments derived from the shorelines of the Mar Chiquita Lake. The geochemical data suggest that neither area was a significant dust source to the eastern Pampean Plain during the studied interval. Instead, our geochemical data suggest a dominant supply from a southern and relatively closer area, linked to the foothills of the Andes, and the increased activation during the early Holocene of a more distant source to the north in the Puna region, which contributed finer loess.
A 1200-year history of environmental changes in Bay Jimmy area, coastal Louisiana, USA
Authors: Kiage Lawrence M
Published: September 2019

Paleoecological studies from the northern Gulf of Mexico (GOM) have mostly aimed at understanding long-term paleoenvironmental changes. Only a few studies have been performed in the southern United States focusing on paleoenvironmental changes during the common era. This study investigated paleoenvironmental changes in coastal Louisiana over the past 1200 years by utilizing proxy data, including loss-on-ignition (LOI) and pollen from a sediment core collected from a wetland in Bay Jimmy. The results indicate that the marsh in the study area was formed at ca. AD 1090 and has been primarily shaped by prevailing climatic conditions, including rare extreme events. At least four major hurricanes impacted the site over the 1200 years, including two that made landfall in recent times. The findings show that coastal Louisiana was warm and dry during the ‘Medieval Warm Period’ (ca. AD 950–1250). The environment after AD 1090 contained scattered Pinus and Juglans vegetation communities that were later succeeded by a closed forest that included Quercus and Morus. Red mangrove ( Rhizophora) was established in the vicinity of Bay Jimmy until shortly after cal AD 1450 and 1640. The pollen record indicates that the ‘Little Ice Age’ period (AD 1550–1850) was cold and dry, characterized by a more open vegetation community. There is evidence of forest disturbance that is marked by a rise in Ambrosia pollen in the 1700s, coinciding with the time of European settlement in North America. The presence of Ambrosia and Cheno/Am pollen throughout the record suggests that anthropogenic influence has been part of the fabric of the southern Louisiana landscapes throughout the 1200 years.
Factors Associated With E-Cigarette Usage and the Reasons for Initiation Among Malaysian Adolescents
Authors: Robert Lourdes Tania Gayle , Abd Hamid Hamizatul Akmal , Mohd Yusoff Muhammad Fadhli , Rodzlan Hasani Wan Shakira , Mat Rifin Halizah , Saminathan Thamil Arasu , Ab Majid Nur Liana , Ling Jane Miaw Yn , Ismail Hasimah , Aris Tahir
Published: September 2019

Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) are handheld devices that deliver an aerosol by heating a solution made up of propylene glycol and/or glycerol with or without flavoring agents and nicotine. This nationwide cross-sectional survey examined factors associated with e-cigarette usage and reasons for its initiation among 13 162 Malaysian adolescents. Data from TECMA (Tobacco and E-Cigarette Survey among Malaysian Adolescents) were used. Nine percent of adolescents had used e-cigarettes in the past month. Males (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 4.08; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 3.36-4.95), 16 to 19 year olds (aOR = 2.64; 95% CI = 2.13-3.26), Malays (aOR = 2.25; 95% CI = 1.79-2.83), Sabah and Sarawak Bumiputeras (aOR = 2.25; 95% CI = 1.61-3.15), and cigarette smokers (aOR = 13.16; 95% CI = 11.14-15.54) were more likely to use e-cigarettes. Three main reasons for e-cigarette initiation among adolescents were its taste and smell, experimentation, and popularity. Sale of e-cigarettes with or without nicotine to people aged younger than 18 years should be banned. Flavored e-cigarettes should also be banned since there is evidence suggesting increased appeal among the younger generation.
Prevalence of Nonfatal Serious Injury Due to Motor Vehicle Accidents Among Malaysian School-Going Adolescents: Findings From the Adolescent Health Survey 2017
Authors: Awaluddin S Maria , Ahmad Fazila Haryati , Jeevananthan Chandrika , Ganapathy Shubash Shander , Sooryanarayana Rajini , Mohamad Anuar Mohamad Fuad , Alias Nazirah , Saminathan Thamil Arasu , Mohd Yusoff Muhammad Fadhli , Rosman Azriman
Published: September 2019

Serious injury due to motor vehicle accidents (MVAs) significantly contributes to the adolescents’ health status. The objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence of nonfatal injury due to MVAs and its associated factors among Malaysian school-going adolescents. Nationally representative samples were selected via 2-stage stratified cluster sampling. Data was collected using a validated self-administered questionnaire. Logistic regression analysis was conducted to examine the associations between the variables. A total of 1088 out of 27 497 adolescents reported that they had sustained serious injury due to MVAs with a prevalence of 4.1% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 3.7-4.5). Serious injury due to MVAs among adolescents was positively associated with being current cigarette smokers (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 2.5; 95% CI = 2.2-2.9), followed by Malay ethnicity (aOR = 2.4; 95% CI = 1.9-3.0), current drug users (aOR = 2.3; 95% CI = 1.9-3.0), boys (aOR = 2.1; 95% CI = 1.8-2.4), Indian ethnicity (aOR = 1.8; 95% CI = 1.2-2.5), and those who were in upper secondary school (aOR = 1.3; 95% CI = 1.2-1.5). Targeted intervention and curbing substance use among boys may reduce the morbidities from MVAs and its resulting complications.
The Structure, Measurement Invariance, and External Validity of the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale–Brief in a Sample of At-Risk Adolescents
Authors: Charles Nora E. , Floyd Paula N. , Barry Christopher T.
Published: September 2019

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the factor structure and measurement invariance of the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale–Brief version (BIS-Brief) in an archival sample of 315 adolescents (81% male; 63.5% Caucasian; Mage = 16.7 years) participating in a military-style residential program for at-risk youths. Additionally, correlations between BIS scores and external measures of impulsivity-related behaviors were examined. Results showed support for a previously described two-dimensional structure for the BIS-Brief, which was invariant across racial groups. Additionally, the BIS-Brief performed similarly to the total BIS-11 score in relation to external measures of impulsivity-related behaviors. However, the two dimensions exhibited some significant differences in their associations with other measures. This study supports the utility of the BIS-Brief as a brief measure of impulsivity and suggests that the dimensions of the BIS-Brief may be useful in distinguishing how different aspects of impulsivity relate to problem behaviors such as binge drinking and self-injury.
How do team experience and relationships shape new divisions of labour in robot-assisted surgery? A realist investigation
Authors: Randell Rebecca , Greenhalgh Joanne , Hindmarsh Jon , Honey Stephanie , Pearman Alan , Alvarado Natasha , Dowding Dawn
Published: September 2019

Safe and successful surgery depends on effective teamwork between professional groups, each playing their part in a complex division of labour. This article reports the first empirical examination of how introduction of robot-assisted surgery changes the division of labour within surgical teams and impacts teamwork and patient safety. Data collection and analysis was informed by realist principles. Interviews were conducted with surgical teams across nine UK hospitals and, in a multi-site case study across four hospitals, data were collected using a range of methods, including ethnographic observation, video recording and semi-structured interviews. Our findings reveal that as the robot enables the surgeon to do more, the surgical assistant’s role becomes less clearly defined. Robot-assisted surgery also introduces new tasks for the surgical assistant and scrub practitioner, in terms of communicating information to the surgeon. However, the use of robot-assisted surgery does not redistribute work in a uniform way; contextual factors of individual experience and team relationships shape changes to the division of labour. For instance, in some situations, scrub practitioners take on the role of supporting inexperienced surgical assistants. These changes in the division of labour do not persist when team members return to operations that are not robot-assisted. This study contributes to wider literature on divisions of labour in healthcare and how this is impacted by the introduction of new technologies. In particular, we emphasise the need to pay attention to often neglected micro-level contextual factors. This can highlight behaviours that can be promoted to benefit patient care.
Natural frequency measurement of steel components by the sound signal
Authors: Luo Shuai , Yang Qiuwei
Published: September 2019

A new test method based on sound signals for natural frequencies of steel components was proposed in this paper. The proposed method is a non-contact measurement method which does not need to install any sensors and therefore generates no measurement errors. The method consists of three steps. First, a steel component is placed in suspension state, and the sound signals of this component are collected under artificial excitation by a recording device such as a mobile phone. Second, the collected sound signals are analyzed by the periodogram method to obtain the power spectral density curves. Finally, the first few natural frequencies of the steel component are readily obtained through the power spectral density curves. An I-steel beam was tested in the experiment to verify the proposed method. The first three natural frequencies of this beam can be successfully obtained by the proposed method. For comparison, the values of the first three natural frequencies of this beam were also analyzed by numerical simulations and the traditional modal test method using the acceleration sensors. It has been found that the results obtained by the proposed method only have slight deviations compared with the values obtained by the simulation and the modal test method. Compared with the traditional modal test methods, the proposed method is more economical, fast, and precise to obtain the natural frequencies of steel components. It may be a promising testing method for the natural frequencies of steel components.
Dynamic response of a piecewise linear single-degree-of-freedom oscillator with fractional-order derivative
Authors: Wang Jun , Shen Yongjun , Yang Shaopu , Lu Yongjie , Li Xianghong , Zuo Dawei
Published: September 2019

In this paper, the dynamic response of a piecewise linear single-degree-of-freedom oscillator with fractional-order derivative is studied. First, a mathematical model of the single-degree-of-freedom system is established, and the approximate steady-state solution associated with the amplitude–frequency equation is obtained based on the averaging method. Then, the amplitude–frequency response equations are used for stability analysis, and the stability condition is founded. To validate the correctness and precision, the approximate solutions determined by the analytical method are compared with the solutions based on the numerical integration method. It is found that the approximate solutions and the numerical solutions are in excellent agreement. Finally, the effects of system parameters, such as fractional-order coefficient, order, clearance, and piecewise stiffness, on the complex dynamical behaviors of the piecewise linear single-degree-of-freedom oscillator are studied. The results show that the system parameters not only influence resonance amplitude and resonance frequency but also affect the size of the unstable region.
Visual communion: The photographic image as phatic communication
Authors: Niemelä-Nyrhinen Jenni , Seppänen Janne
Published: September 2019

Phatic communication is a mode of communication where the significative content of the used utterance gives way to the social bonding function of the utterance itself. This mode of communication appears to be increasingly common in our current media culture and is exemplified by frequent photo sharing through applications such as Snapchat. However, most theoretical discussions on phatic communication have taken place in the context of linguistic expressions. In this theoretical article, we broaden the focus to visual interpersonal communication by way of photography theory. We suggest that photographic phatic communication is based on the indexicality of the medium itself and the sense of presence it produces. We argue further that, contrary to previous literature, photographic phatic communication is not without meaningful content. However, we propose that it is connected, primarily, to the material indexicality of the photograph and only secondarily to the signifying function of the iconic content.
Rethinking universalism: Older-age international migrants and social pensions in Latin America and the Caribbean
Authors: Cruz-Martínez Gibrán
Published: September 2019

This article criticises the social policy literature for equating universalism to the universal coverage of citizens. The current so-called ‘universal’ social protection systems guarantee social citizen rights, while the revisited truly universalism guarantees social human rights for everyone. Crisp-set qualitative comparative analysis (csQCA) is used to map and track the level of exclusiveness or inclusiveness into social pensions in the existing 30 social pension programmes on 28 Latin American and Caribbean (LAC) countries. The article examines the various paths of eligibility requirements in social pensions conditioning three specific outcomes: (1) access for every older-age individual (truly universal), (2) access for every category of immigrant (no targeting by citizenship or residency) and (3) access for older-age immigrants with legal resident status (targeting by residency but not by citizenship). The research makes several contributions. First, it offers a useful inventory of the eligibility requirements for access to the 30 social pensions in LAC. Second, it proposes an analytical framework to redefine universalism after considering the migration-social policy nexus. Contrary to what the literature claims, there are no universal social pensions in the region. Third, the analysis indicates that only in two countries, Cuba and Jamaica, social pensions have immigrant-friendly targeting rules, requiring neither citizenship nor any length of residency to become a beneficiary. A total of 12 countries require citizenship and 24 of them a certain number of years of residency. Moreover, the overwhelming majority of social pensions are means tested. Finally, the csQCA allows identifying patterns of targeting mechanisms and is used to propose five exploratory regimes of inclusionary social pensions. The article calls for protected international mobility of the older-age population in the form of a truly universalistic system in which the entire aged population has the right to a social pension. Only then, countries would truly adhere to Article 22 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.
Fashion, product innovation, and consumer culture in the late 19th century: Alle Città d’Italia department store in Milan
Authors: Merlo Elisabetta , Belfanti Carlo Marco
Published: September 2019

Unlike product invention, product innovation has been overlooked as an issue relevant to the study of the economic, social, and cultural change. It is only in recent times that historians started to explore product innovation in order to understand the origins of consumer society. This article deals with fashion as a kind of product innovation and aims to explain how 19th-century fashion transformed clothing into a product designed and desired primarily for its ever-changing expressive and decorative qualities. The research is based on the mail order catalogs delivered by the Italian department store Alle Città d’Italia in the 1880s. Analysis of this valuable and largely unexplored historical source allowed us to conclude that (1) the innovative nature of 19th-century fashion had mainly to do with the services – ready-to-wear dress and novelty – provided to consumers rather than with the product’s physical components; (2) department stores and haute couture – the sole internationally acknowledged agency of fashioning at the time – both contributed to transform novelty and continuous change into distinctive characteristics of fashion; (3) fashion played a major role in modernizing consumer culture, shifting the focus from material elements to the services inherent in consumer goods.
Infant political agency: Redrawing the epistemic boundaries of democratic inclusion
Authors: Campos Andre Santos
Published: September 2019

Epistemic impairment has been the decisive yardstick when excluding infants from political agency. One of the suggestions to bypass the epistemic requirement of political agency and to encourage the inclusion of infants in representative democracies is to resort to proxies or surrogates who share or advocate interests which may be coincidental with their interests. However, this solution is far from desirable, given that it privileges the political agency of parents, guardians and trustees over other adult citizens. This article offers an alternative to this conceptual frame of reference by making a case for the political agency of infants. Firstly, it maintains that political agency can be understood in terms of the several facets involved in political representation. Secondly, it claims that the all-affected principle can be reformulated as an ‘infant-affected-interests principle’ in light of which infants are members of the class of the represented. Thirdly, it explores the ways through which this political agency can occur without having to resort to alternative conceptions of representation. The conclusion ascertains that infant enfranchisement is highly undesirable and that there are more viable forms to promote infant political agency, such as virtual representation, infant-beneficial principles of political action and ombudspersons for infants.
The Role of Hyperthermia in the Multidisciplinary Treatment of Malignant Tumors
Authors: Cheng Yi , Weng Shanshan , Yu Linzhen , Zhu Ning , Yang Mengyuan , Yuan Ying
Published: September 2019

Hyperthermia is often used in combination with chemotherapy and radiotherapy for cancer treatment. Recently, immunotherapy has become a popular research area, breaking exciting new ground with concurrent immunotherapy and hyperthermia. Much evidence has demonstrated the effectiveness of multidisciplinary synergistic therapy, and the underlying mechanism has been gradually explored. In this review, we focus on the mechanism of various cancer treatments in the current literature and recent advances in hyperthermia. Additionally, we review clinical studies of hyperthermia combined with other therapies in the previous 10 years and propose future prospects for hyperthermia in multidisciplinary synergistic therapy.
Structural optimization and analysis of surface acoustic wave biosensor based on numerical method
Authors: Zhou Zhaoming , Tan Jinsong , Zhang Jia , Qin Mian
Published: September 2019

The biosensor based on surface acoustic wave is of great significance for the application of biological clinical detection, but the sensitivity and specificity of surface acoustic wave biosensor still need to be improved. In this article, the structure of surface acoustic wave biosensor and interdigital transducer is designed by studying the theoretical model of surface acoustic wave biosensor. Then the amplitude–frequency response of the device is studied. Later, the simulation model of surface acoustic wave biosensor structure is established, and the performance of surface acoustic wave device is numerically calculated. Meanwhile, the relationship between the applied excitation signal and the resonant frequency is considered, and the performance of the surface wave propagation and attenuation characteristics are analyzed. In addition, the influence of the material of the piezoelectric substrate and the structure of the interdigitated electrode on the surface acoustic wave propagation are studied. The response potential curve and the total displacement of the particle vibration are analyzed, and the structure of the surface acoustic wave device is optimized.
A computer-vision-based system for at-home rheumatoid arthritis rehabilitation
Authors: Dorado Javier , del Toro Xavier , Santofimia Maria J , Parreño Alfonso , Cantarero Ruben , Rubio Ana , Lopez Juan C
Published: September 2019

People suffering from rheumatoid arthritis are normally prescribed with physical exercises. The realization of these exercise routines should be supervised to prevent wrongly adopted postures or bad movements that end up harming the affected articulations. The motivational component associated with a supervised session is also important. On the contrary, having access to qualified supervision is not always possible due to different reasons, such as tight schedules, limited mobility, or economic reasons. This article presents a system for at-home rehabilitation, based on Microsoft Kinect, that resembles the role played by the physiotherapist during the supervision of an exercise session. The system not only supervises the realization of exercises but it also collects and manages information about the exercise-session history. Additionally, and despite affecting young people, rheumatoid arthritis is a disease that mainly affects seniors. For this reason, the system provides a natural interface to ease the interaction. Finally, the performance of the proposed system has been evaluated using a three-dimensional dynamic measurement system as a gold standard to validate the accuracy of the measurements. Obtained results demonstrate the potential of the Kinect-based system for at-home rehabilitation exercise routines.
Intelligent human-centric lighting for mental wellbeing improvement
Authors: Cupkova Dominika , Kajati Erik , Mocnej Jozef , Papcun Peter , Koziorek Jiri , Zolotova Iveta
Published: September 2019

In recent years, the main area of interest in the issue of influencing mental states of people is the impact of lighting on human beings, their wellbeing but also workplace productivity. This work discusses in detail the problem of positively influencing people using intelligent technologies, especially the role of the colors. We describe techniques and technologies needed to implement the case study of an intelligent lighting system. The system proposed can detect humans from an IP camera, find faces, and detect emotion. The main aim is to adjust the lights accordingly to the emotional result to improve the mood of people while taking into consideration the principles of color psychology and daytime. We have evaluated our case study solution in a real-world environment and collected the feedback from participants in the form of a questionnaire. Evaluation of participants’ wellbeing was based on their subjective statements. There were several ideas on further functionality extension which needs to be explored. Among them is including wearable devices to the proposed system, validate the emotional results according to them, but also determine the impact of an increasing number of users interacting with the system at the same time.