bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ВИКОРИСТАННЯ МЕТОДИЧНИХ ПРИЙОМІВ ДЛЯ СТИМУЛЯЦІЇ КЛІНІЧНОГО МИСЛЕННЯ СТУДЕНТІВ МЕДИЧНОГО КОЛЕДЖУ
Authors: Старова Ю. С.
Published: December 2021

У статті запропоновано методи активізації пізнавальної діяльності студентів, висвітлено переваги проведення бінарних занять, проблемних лекцій та інших педагогічних технологій для розвитку в майбутньої медичної сестри критичного та клінічного типів мислення.
РОЛЬ ПАТОЛОГІЇ У СИСТЕМІ МЕДСЕСТРИНСЬКОЇ ОСВІТИ
Authors: Ройко Н. В. , Филенко Б. М. , Старченко І. І. , Проскурня С. А.
Published: December 2021

Reform of nursing services for a large number of new education and education, hence the advancement of education. The introduction of a bagator system for the education of medical nurses gives the possibility of more and more specific preparation of physicians for the practical protection of health. The concept of non-interruption-free supplemental medical education is implemented through the path of the week of the discipline «Pathology» from the development of typical forms of pathology on a fundamental basis to the analysis of specific, ready-made situations (syndromes).
Phrenic Nerve Injury During Cryoballoon-Based Pulmonary Vein Isolation: Results of the Worldwide YETI Registry
Authors: Heeger Christian-H. , Sohns Christian , Pott Alexander , Metzner Andreas , Inaba Osamu , Straube Florian , Kuniss Malte , Aryana Arash , Miyazaki Shinsuke , Cay Serkan , Ehrlich Joachim R. , El-Battrawy Ibrahim , Martinek Martin , Saguner Ardan M. , Tscholl Verena , Yalin Kivanc , Lyan Evgeny , Su Wilber , Papiashvili Giorgi , Botros Maichel Sobhy Naguib , Gasperetti Alessio , Proietti Riccardo , Wissner Erik , Scherr Daniel , Kamioka Masashi , Makimoto Hisaki , Urushida Tsuyoshi , Aksu Tolga , Chun Julian K.R. , Aytemir Kudret , Jędrzejczyk-Patej Ewa , Kuck Karl-Heinz , Dahme Tillman , Steven Daniel , Sommer Philipp , Richard Tilz Roland
Published: December 2021

Background:

Cryoballoon-based pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) has emerged as an effective treatment for atrial fibrillation. The most frequent complication during cryoballoon-based PVI is phrenic nerve injury (PNI). However, data on PNI are scarce.

Methods:

The YETI registry is a retrospective, multicenter, and multinational registry evaluating the incidence, characteristics, prognostic factors for PNI recovery and follow-up data of patients with PNI during cryoballoon-based PVI. Experienced electrophysiological centers were invited to participate. All patients with PNI during CB2 or third (CB3) and fourth-generation cryoballoon (CB4)-based PVI were eligible.

Results:

A total of 17 356 patients underwent cryoballoon-based PVI in 33 centers from 10 countries. A total of 731 (4.2%) patients experienced PNI. The mean time to PNI was 127.7±50.4 seconds, and the mean temperature at the time of PNI was −49±8°C. At the end of the procedure, PNI recovered in 394/731 patients (53.9%). Recovery of PNI at 12 months of follow-up was found in 97.0% of patients (682/703, with 28 patients lost to follow-up). A total of 16/703 (2.3%) reported symptomatic PNI. Only 0.06% of the overall population showed symptomatic and permanent PNI. Prognostic factors improving PNI recovery are immediate stop at PNI by double-stop technique and utilization of a bonus-freeze protocol. Age, cryoballoon temperature at PNI, and compound motor action potential amplitude loss >30% were identified as factors decreasing PNI recovery. Based on these parameters, a score was calculated. The YETI score has a numerical value that will directly represent the probability of a specific patient of recovering from PNI within 12 months.

Conclusions:

The incidence of PNI during cryoballoon-based PVI was 4.2%. Overall 97% of PNI recovered within 12 months. Symptomatic and permanent PNI is exceedingly rare in patients after cryoballoon-based PVI. The YETI score estimates the prognosis after iatrogenic cryoballoon-derived PNI.

Registration:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT03645577.

Graphic Abstract:

A graphic abstract is available for this article.
Abstract 104: The Effect of Low Perceived Social Support on Health Outcomes in Young Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction: Results from the VIRGO Study
Authors: Bucholz Emily M , Strait Kelly M , Dreyer Rachel P , Geda Mary , Lichtman Judith H , D'Onofrio Gail , Spertus John A , Krumholz Harlan M
Published: December 2021

Background:
Social support is an important predictor of health outcomes after acute myocardial infarction (AMI), but significant variability in social support exists by sex and age. Most studies have been conducted in populations of predominately older, male patients; little is known about the impact of social support on outcomes after AMI in young patients, who may have unique demands and resources.

Methods:
We used data from the VIRGO study, an observational study of patients aged ≤55 years with AMI in the US and Spain, to examine the association of low perceived social support (LPSS) with baseline and 1-year health status, depression, and quality of life. Patients were categorized as having low vs. moderate/high social support using the ENRICHD Social Support Inventory (ESSI), which was collected during the index AMI hospitalization. A modified 5-item version of the 7-item ESSI was used for this study in order to examine marital status and instrumental support separately from perceived social support. Outcomes included health status (assessed by the Short Form-12 (SF-12) physical and mental component scores (PCS and MCS)), depressive symptoms (Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9)), and angina-related quality of life (Seattle Angina Questionnaire (SAQ)) evaluated at baseline and 1-year. We used linear regression to compare 1-year health status between social support categories, adjusting for baseline health status, socio-demographics, comorbidities, severity of disease, and therapies used.

Results:
Among 3,432 patients, 728 (21.2%) were classified as having LPSS. Men and women had comparable levels of social support at baseline. On average, patients with LPSS reported lower functional status (PCS and MCS), lower quality of life, and more depressive symptoms at baseline and 1-year post-AMI. After multivariable adjustment, including baseline health status, LPSS was associated with lower mental functioning (mean MCS -2.34 (95% confidence interval [CI] -3.35, -1.34) p<0.001), lower quality of life (mean SAQ -4.58 (95% CI -4.58, -2.57), p<0.001), and more depressive symptoms (1.01 (95% CI 0.52, 1.51), p<0.001) at 1 year. The relationship between LPSS and worse physical functioning was not significant after adjustment (mean PCS -0.28 (95% CI -1.33, 0.77), p=0.6). We observed no interactions between social support, sex or country.

Conclusion:
Lower social support is associated with worse health status and more depressive symptoms 1-year after AMI in both young men and women recovering from an AMI.
Abstract 123: A Comparison of In-Hospital Acute Myocardial Infarction Management Between Portugal and the United States: 2000 - 2010
Authors: Lobo Mariana F , Azzone Vanessa , Azevedo Luis , Teixeira-Pinto Armando , Pereira Miguel Jose , Costa-Pereira Altamiro , Resnic Frederic , Normand Sharon-Lise T
Published: December 2021

Objectives:
Because inter- and intra-country variations in the adoption of medical technologies exist, international comparative studies provide an opportunity to infer technology effectiveness. Few studies have characterized recent trends in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) management between countries.

Methods:
Repeated cross-sectional observational cohorts of hospitalized adults aged ≥20 years discharged between January 2000 and December 2010. We identified new AMI hospitalizations using a US national 20% inpatient sample and a 100% inpatient sample in all Portuguese public sector hospitals. Age, sex, comorbidities, and median length of stay (interquartile range [IQR]) were determined. Annual age-sex adjusted hospitalization rates (HR) for AMI, in-hospital procedures, and in-hospital mortality were directly standardized to the 2010 US population. Intra-country (2010 relative to 2000) and inter-country in 2010 (Portugal [PT] relative to US) rate ratios [RR] were estimated.

Findings:
We identified 1476808 AMI US hospitalizations and 126314 Portugal hospitalizations between 2000 and 2010. Portuguese patients were more male, younger, and had fewer comorbidities compared to US patients (Table). The age-sex adjusted AMI HR decreased from 21 per 1000 person-years to 15 in the US (RR=0.70; 95% CI = [0.70, 0.71]) but increased in PT (14 to 15 per 1000, RR = 1.17 [1.14, 1.21]). While crude procedure rates were uniformly lower in PT, only CABG rates differed after standardization (2010: RR=0.19 [0.14, 0.26]). PCI use increased annually in both countries and decreased for CABG in the US only (102 to 79, RR=0.77 [0.73, 0.81]). Standardized in-hospital mortality decreased within-country (US: 44 to 29 per 1000, RR= 0.65 [0.60, 0.72]; PT: 93 to 62 per 1000, RR= 0.67 [0.44, 1.00]). In 2010, PT mortality was twice that in the US.

Conclusions:
AMI hospitalization rates and use of medical technologies are higher in the US compared to Portugal. However, standardized rates reveal only CABG surgery rates differ significantly between the two countries. Outcomes, measured by hospital mortality and LOS, are generally better in the U.S. Inter-country disparities may be a consequence of differential use of technologies, differences in AMI epidemiology, patient risk, or quality of hospital billing data.
Abstract 104: Cost-Effectiveness of Edoxaban vs. Rivaroxaban for Stroke Prevention in Patients with Non-Valvular Atrial Fibrillation (NVAF) in the US
Authors: Miller Jeffrey D , Ye Xin , Lenhart Gregory M , Farr Amanda M , Tran Oth V , Kwong W. Jackie , Magnuson Elizabeth , Weintraub William
Published: December 2021

Background:
Edoxaban and rivaroxaban for stroke prevention in non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF) patients with CHADS
2
≥2 have been evaluated in pivotal trials versus warfarin. This study assessed the cost-effectiveness of once-daily edoxaban (60 mg/30 mg dose-reduced) regimen versus rivaroxaban (20 mg/15 mg dose-reduced) for stroke prevention in patients with NVAF patients from a US health plan perspective.

Methods:
A Markov model simulated lifetime risk and treatment of stroke, systemic embolism, major bleeding, clinically relevant non-major bleeding, myocardial infarction, and death in NVAF patients treated with edoxaban or rivaroxaban. Efficacy and safety data were from a network meta-analysis using data from patients enrolled in ENGAGE AF-TIMI 48 and ROCKET-AF that were presented previously. 2015 wholesale acquisition cost (WAC) was used for edoxaban and rivaroxaban in the analysis. Healthcare cost and utility data were from published sources. Incremental cost-effectiveness ratios of <$50,000, $50,000-$150,000, and >$150,000 per quality-adjusted life year (QALY) gained were used as thresholds for highly cost-effective, cost-effective, and not cost-effective treatment option per guidance from the AHA/ACC statement on cost/value methodology in clinical practice guidelines and performance measures.

Results:
Edoxaban was dominant relative to rivaroxaban, such that it was associated with lower total healthcare cost and better effectiveness in terms of QALYs in the base case analysis (Table). Results were supported by probabilistic sensitivity analyses that showed edoxaban as either dominant or a highly cost-effective alternative (ICER<$50,000) to rivaroxaban 88.4% of the time.

Conclusions:
These results showed that once-daily edoxaban (60mg/30mg dose-reduced) regimen is a highly cost-effective treatment relative to rivaroxaban (20mg/15mg dose-reduced) for stroke prevention in NVAF patients.
Abstract 111: The Prevalence and Management of Angina Among Stable CAD Patients in Outpatient Cardiology Practices in the United States: Insights From the Angina Prevalence and Provider Evaluation of Angina Relief (APPEAR) Study.
Authors: Kureshi Faraz , Shafiq Ali , Arnold Suzanne V , Gosch Kensey , Breeding Tracie , Jones Philip G , Spertus John A
Published: December 2021

Background:
Eliminating angina is a primary goal in the management of chronic coronary artery disease (CAD). There are few data quantifying the prevalence, severity and intensity of angina treatment in contemporary cardiology practice in the United States.

Methods:
Leveraging the ACC PINNACLE registry, we conducted a cross-sectional study across 23 US outpatient cardiology clinics to examine the burden and management of angina in patients with stable CAD. Angina was assessed using the Seattle Angina Questionnaire (SAQ) angina frequency (AF) domain score and categorized as daily/weekly (SAQ AF < or = 60), monthly (score 61-99), and no (score =100) angina. At each site, we examined the proportion of patients with daily/weekly (frequent) angina and the proportion of patients with frequent angina who were treated with optimal medical treatment (> 2 anti-anginal medications).

Results:
Among 1154 patients from 23 sites, 8.0% (n=93) reported daily/weekly angina, 24.3% (n=280) monthly angina, and 67.7% (n=781) no angina. The proportion of patients with frequent angina at each site ranged from 2.0-24.0%. Among these patients, 53.8% (n=50) were on optimal medical treatment, with wide variability noted across sites (0%-100%; Figure).

Conclusion:
Nearly a third of CAD outpatients followed by cardiologists report angina, with 8.0% having frequent symptoms. Among frequent angina patients, just over half were on optimal medical management with wide variability across sites, suggesting important opportunities to improve care in chronic CAD.
Abstract 112: One Year Later: Patient-reported Outcomes Among Survivors of In-hospital Cardiac Arrest in Veterans Administration Hospitals
Authors: Viglianti Elizabeth M , Hanisko Kaitlyn , Bucy Rachel , Ewing Lee , Youles Bradley , Kepreos Kyle , Lehrich Jessica , Guyer Heidi , Chan Paul , Nallamothu Brahmajee K , Iwashyna Theodore J
Published: December 2021

Background:
Short term mortality following in-hospital cardiac arrests (IHCA) is well understood. However, little is known about long term patient-reported outcomes - such as activities of daily living, cognitive function, and depression among survivors of IHCA.

Objective:
To assess the patient-reported outcomes in IHCA survivors 12-months after cardiac arrest.

Methods:
Veteran survivors of IHCA (ICD-9-CM codes 99.60, 99.63 or 427.5) who were discharged alive from a U.S. Veterans Administration Medical Center from September 1, 2013 to October 31, 2013 were identified. After confirmation of eligibility by medical record review, they were mailed a research information packet. Those who did not opt-out were contacted by phone two weeks later. Veterans who consented were surveyed by phone or mail. The survey encompassed Katz Activities of Daily Living (ADL), Lawton Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADLs), self-reported depressive symptoms (via the PHQ-9) and an assessment of cognition (via the modified Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status (mTICS) as used by the Health and Retirement Study).

Results:
Among 50 IHCA survivors, 37 (74%) completed surveys; survey operations are detailed in another abstract. Among those 37 who completed the survey, answers to all patient-reported outcomes items were obtained from 29 (78%). Respondents’ median age was 66 years old (range 38 to 87) and 95% were male.

The survivors self-reported health assessment of their health was poor, with 8% and 40% describing their health as “poor” or fair” respectively, but only 5% saying “very good” and none reporting “excellent”. Similarly, 27% reported having 4 or more health-related difficulties in their basic and instrumental activities of daily living, 24% reported 1-3, and 46% none. On the PHQ-9, 19% had scores consistent with severe depression. Of those tested for cognitive impairment, 32% were at risk for at least some cognitive impairment.

Conclusion:
Among survivors of IHCA, we found that few patients at 12-months reported an overall sense of good health, and a significant number of patients had high-levels of disability, cognitive impairment and depression. There is an urgent need to understand the epidemiology and trajectory of this poor health, and develop interventions to improve the long term outcomes of IHCA.
Abstract 117: Telemonitoring in a Low Income African American Population with Congestive Heart Failure: A Pilot Project
Authors: Shah Gautam V , Reali-Sorrell Michele , Barzilai Benico , Brateanu Andrei
Published: December 2021

Background:
Telemonitoring (TM) reduces hospital readmissions & mortality in patients with congestive heart failure (CHF). The role of TM in low-income African American (AA) populations is not known.

Aim:
To determine the feasibility of using TM in a low-income AA population & measure patient satisfaction with TM.

Methods:
We conducted a prospective study of 15 patients with CHF & reduced ejection fraction (EF < 45%) randomly selected from a Cleveland Clinic outpatient clinic serving a low-income AA population.

Each patient received a tablet monitor (Healthcare Access Tablet, BL Healthcare, Inc.), blood pressure (BP) machine, weight scale & pulse oximeter. The TM system was used to remind patients to take their medications & to measure & transmit the patients’ vital signs information to a secure website. The information was assessed daily by a nurse to identify abnormal parameters. Abnormal parameters were defined as BP equal to or greater than 140/90 mm of Hg, heart rate equal to or greater than 100 bpm, weight gain of more than 2 lbs/day & oxygen saturation less than 90%. Patients & their physicians were contacted following a pre-defined algorithm in case of absent readings or abnormal parameters. At the end of the 28-day study period patients were surveyed about their satisfaction with the TM.

Results:
The average age was 65 years & 80% of participants were male. They had multiple chronic medical conditions (8.6±3.6) & were taking multiple medications (10.6±2.4). Of the 15 patients, 13 were monitored during the study period (one could not be contacted & one had a defective TM system). BP with heart rate, weight, & pulse oximetry were recorded on 73.7±26.3%, 62.5±32.7%, & 51.5±30.9% of the study days, respectively. Twelve patients completed the survey & reported that the TM system was extremely easy 75% (n=9) or easy 25% (n=3) to use (Figure 1). All expressed interest in continuing to use the TM & 11 thought that the close monitoring improved the compliance to medical therapy (Figure 1).

Conclusion:
Using TM in a low-income AA population with CHF is feasible & associated with high patient satisfaction. TM may identify abnormal vital signs & increase patient’s compliance to medical therapy. Whether TM is a cost effective tool to improve clinical outcomes in low-income African American patients with CHF needs to be proven in larger studies.
Abstract 122: Differences Between Clinical and Coding Diagnoses of Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Lofthus David , Khalili Houman , Raja Vijay , Regan Christopher , Gadgil Jay , Castillo Demetrio , Abdullah Kazeen , Ayers Colby , de Lemos James , Das Sandeep
Published: December 2021

Background:
Quality and performance measures for acute MI are based on evidence for treatment of type 1 MI as defined by the Universal Definition of MI. Patients with other MI subtypes still receive a coded diagnosis of MI, and are subject to the same quality metrics as those with type 1 MI, despite different pathophysiology and a lack of evidence-based treatment standards. In order to assess the potential health system impact, we examined the correlation between coded diagnosis of MI and clinical MI subtype, as well as rates of adherence with MI guideline-based targets across MI subtypes.

Methods:
We retrospectively examined every inpatient encounter during calendar year 2013 with a final primary coded diagnosis of acute MI at our two affiliated academic medical centers, one county safety-net hospital serving the urban poor and one private hospital. Using all available medical records, each case was adjudicated by two independent investigators and the clinical MI type was determined based on the Universal Definition of MI. Adherence with MI performance metrics was also extracted from the medical record.

Results:
Out of 289 encounters at one hospital and 139 at the other, 224 (77.5%) and 105 (75.5%) cases were adjudicated as type 1 MI, respectively. Type 2 MI, or myocardial oxygen supply-demand mismatch, was the next most common diagnosis, occurring in 15.2% (44 of 289) and 14.4% (20 of 139) of cases at the two hospitals. Compared to type 1 MI, encounters not adjudicated as type 1 MI were significantly less likely to have received guideline-recommended MI therapies, with marked differences in use of P2Y
12
-inhibitors and revascularization, modest differences in use of aspirin and statins, and no difference in beta-blockers (
Table
).

Conclusions:
Approximately 25% of patient encounters with a primary coded diagnosis of acute MI did not represent type 1 MI events. Patients without type 1 MI were significantly less likely to receive guideline-recommended MI therapies. These findings highlight an important disconnect between clinical and coding diagnoses, with potential important implications for patient care, billing practices, and quality and outcome reporting.
Cardiac Left Ventricle Mitochondrial Dysfunction After Neonatal Exposure to Hyperoxia: Relevance for Cardiomyopathy After Preterm Birth
Authors: Ravizzoni Dartora Daniela , Flahault Adrien , Pontes Carolina N.R. , He Ying , Deprez Alyson , Cloutier Anik , Cagnone Gaël , Gaub Perrine , Altit Gabriel , Bigras Jean-Luc , Joyal Jean-Sébastien , Mai Luu Thuy , Burelle Yan , Nuyt Anne Monique
Published: December 2021

Background:

Individuals born preterm present left ventricle changes and increased risk of cardiac diseases and heart failure. The pathophysiology of heart disease after preterm birth is incompletely understood. Mitochondria dysfunction is a hallmark of cardiomyopathy resulting in heart failure. We hypothesized that neonatal hyperoxia in rats, a recognized model simulating preterm birth conditions and resulting in oxygen-induced cardiomyopathy, induce left ventricle mitochondrial changes in juvenile rats. We also hypothesized that humanin, a mitochondrial-derived peptide, would be reduced in young adults born preterm.

Methods:

Sprague-Dawley pups were exposed to room air (controls) or 80% O
2
at postnatal days 3 to 10 (oxygen-induced cardiomyopathy). We studied left ventricle mitochondrial changes in 4 weeks old males. In a cohort of young adults born preterm (n=55) and age-matched term (n=54), we compared circulating levels of humanin.

Results:

Compared with controls, oxygen-exposed rats showed smaller left ventricle mitochondria with disrupted integrity on electron microscopy, decreased oxidative phosphorylation, increased glycolysis markers, and reduced mitochondrial biogenesis and abundance. In oxygen-exposed rats, we observed lipid deposits, increased superoxide production (isolated cardiomyocytes), and reduced
Nrf2
gene expression. In the cohort, left ventricle ejection fraction and peak global longitudinal strain were similar between groups however humanin levels were lower in preterm and associated with left ventricle ejection fraction and peak global longitudinal strain.

Conclusions:

In conclusion, neonatal hyperoxia impaired left ventricle mitochondrial structure and function in juvenile animals. Serum humanin level was reduced in preterm adults. This study suggests that preterm birth–related conditions entail left ventricle mitochondrial alterations that may underlie cardiac changes perpetuated into adulthood.

Registration:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT03261609.
Regulation of Competition in the Telecommunications Sector: A Comparative Study of the Korean and Nigerian Legal Regimes
Authors: Anele Kalu Kingsley , Ubochioma Wiseman
Published: December 2021

The liberalisation of telecommunications sectors in many countries has brought with it the need to regulate and develop regulatory models for competition. South Korea and Nigeria followed the liberalisation trend of the telecommunications markets in late 1980s and 1990s. Both countries have also established competition laws and adopt various regulatory models. This paper, through a comparative analysis, examines how both countries regulate competition in their telecommunications markets. It argues that their regulatory models have merits and demerits which may affect efficient regulation of competition in the industry. It concludes that notwithstanding the pros and cons of their regulatory models, the regulatory choices are tailored to meet the peculiarities of their markets and reflect the environment in which they are used. Also, the Nigerian model reflects its slow level of telecommunication development and the more sophisticated the industry becomes, it becomes imperative for its regulatory regime to become sector-specific.
An Investigation of Extreme Cold Events at the South Pole
Authors: Keller Linda M. , Maloney Kathryn J. , Lazzara Matthew A. , Mikolajczyk David E. , Battista Stefano Di
Published: December 2021

From 5 July to 11 September 2012, the Amundsen–Scott South Pole station experienced an unprecedented 78 days in a row with a maximum temperature at or below −50°C. Aircraft and ground-based activity cannot function without risk below this temperature. Lengthy periods of extreme cold temperatures are characterized by a drop in pressure of around 15 hPa over 4 days, accompanied by winds from grid east. Periodic influxes of warm air from the Weddell Sea raise the temperature as the wind shifts to grid north. The end of the event occurs when the temperature increase is enough to move past the −50°C threshold. This study also examines the length of extreme cold periods. The number of days below −50°C in early winter has been decreasing since 1999, and this trend is statistically significant at the 5% level. Late winter shows an increase in the number of days below −50°C for the same period, but this trend is not statistically significant. Changes in the southern annular mode, El Niño–Southern Oscillation, and the interdecadal Pacific oscillation/tripole index are investigated in relation to the initiation of extreme cold events. None of the correlations are statistically significant. A positive southern annular mode and a La Niña event or a central Pacific El Niño–Southern Oscillation pattern would position the upper-level circulation to favor a strong, symmetrical polar vortex with strong westerlies over the Southern Ocean, leading to a cold pattern over the South Pole.

Significance Statement

The Amundsen–Scott South Pole station is the coldest Antarctic station staffed year-round by U.S. personnel. Access to the station is primarily by airplane, especially during the winter months. Ambient temperature limits air access as planes cannot operate at minimum temperatures below −50°C. The station gets supplies during the winter months if needed, and medical emergencies can happen requiring evacuations. Knowing when planes would be able to fly is crucial, especially for life-saving efforts. During 2012, a record 78 continuous days of temperatures below −50°C occurred. A positive southern annular mode denoting strong westerly winds over the Pacific Ocean and a strong polar vortex over the South Pole contribute to the maintenance of long periods of extremely cold temperatures.
Verbal Disclosure and Mental Health Among Gay Latino and Gay White Men
Authors: Delucio Kevin , Villicana Adrian J. , Biernat Monica
Published: December 2021

We examined the relationship between verbal disclosure of sexual orientation and mental health among gay Latino and gay White men. In Study 1, we recruited 164 gay Latino ( n = 81) and gay White ( n = 83) men via Amazon’s Mechanical Turk (MTurk). Participants completed measures assessing the degree to which they verbally disclosed their gay identity to others, as well as their depression and anxiety symptoms. Increased verbal disclosure predicted better mental health among gay White men only; no statistically significant relationships emerged among gay Latinos. In Study 2, we recruited 281 gay Latino ( n = 130) and White ( n = 151) men via MTurk, in which feelings of shame and guilt independently mediated the relationship between verbal disclosure and mental health. Among gay White men, increased verbal disclosure predicted less shame and guilt, which predicted better mental health. These relationships did not emerge for gay Latinos.
Exploratory Graph Analysis for Factor Retention: Simulation Results for Continuous and Binary Data
Authors: Cosemans Tim , Rosseel Yves , Gelper Sarah
Published: December 2021

Exploratory graph analysis (EGA) is a commonly applied technique intended to help social scientists discover latent variables. Yet, the results can be influenced by the methodological decisions the researcher makes along the way. In this article, we focus on the choice regarding the number of factors to retain: We compare the performance of the recently developed EGA with various traditional factor retention criteria. We use both continuous and binary data, as evidence regarding the accuracy of such criteria in the latter case is scarce. Simulation results, based on scenarios resulting from varying sample size, communalities from major factors, interfactor correlations, skewness, and correlation measure, show that EGA outperforms the traditional factor retention criteria considered in most cases in terms of bias and accuracy. In addition, we show that factor retention decisions for binary data are preferably made using Pearson, instead of tetrachoric, correlations, which is contradictory to popular belief.
Integrative Psychotherapy With Physicians In the Trenches: Convergence of Cognitive, Existential, and Psychodynamic Processes
Authors: Shahar Golan
Published: December 2021

In this article, I present insights gleaned from over a decade of working in therapy with physicians in the trenches who practice at general hospitals located in an area afflicted by the community and political violence, and recently, by the COVID-19 pandemic. Psychotherapy with these physicians requires an integrative psychotherapeutic approach that heeds their changing needs. Espousing cognitive-existential psychodynamics (CEP), a theory-based psychotherapeutic perspective developed for complex cases, I show how cognitive, existential, and psychodynamic processes strongly converge during the treatment of physicians in the trenches. Such convergence is manifested in issues of mental representations (of death, medicine, and the hospital) and choice/meaning.
Fatalism, Emotional Regulation, and Suicide Risk in Colombian Adults During the SAR-Cov-2 Disease Epidemic
Authors: Caballero-Domínguez Carmen C. , Ceballos-Ospino Guillermo A. , Campo-Arias Adalberto
Published: December 2021

The current pandemic of Severe Acute Syndrome (SAR-CoV-2) is a public health problem with implications for mental health. The study aimed to determine the prevalence of suicide risk and its association with fatalism and emotional regulation during SARS-CoV-2 in Colombia's adult population. A cross-sectional study was designed, an online format was used, which evaluated sociodemographic variables, CES-D-SI, the Fatalism Questionnaire against COVID-19, and the Emotional Regulation Scale. 435 Colombian adults participated, aged between 18 and 79 years. A prevalence of suicide risk was found in 5.3%, and it was associated with the interaction between living in rural area and less education (OR = 5.60, 95%CI 1.28–24.53), emotional dysregulation (OR = 3.54, 95%CI 1.77–7.09), and fatalistic beliefs (OR = 3.09, 95%CI 1.53–6.27). 5.3% of the population presented an elevated suicide risk. It was associated with less education, rural areas, fatalistic beliefs, and emotional dysregulation in the Colombian population during mandatory confinement due to SAR-CoV-2.
Reduction of linear dynamic systems using generalized approach of pole clustering method
Authors: Prajapati Arvind Kumar , Prasad Rajendra
Published: December 2021

A new model order abatement method based on the clustering of poles and zeros of a large-scale continuous time system is proposed. The clustering of poles and zeros are used for finding the cluster centres. The abated model is identified from the cluster centres, which reflect the effectiveness of the dominant poles of the clusters. The cluster centre is determined by taking [Formula: see text] root of the sum of the inverse of [Formula: see text] power of poles (zeros) in a particular cluster. It is famous that the magnitude of the pole cluster centre plays an important role in the clustering technique for the simplification of large-scale systems. The magnitude of the cluster centres computed by the modified pole clustering method or some other methods based on the pole clustering techniques is large as compared to the proposed technique. The less magnitude of pole cluster centre reflects the better approximations and proper matching of the abated model with the original system. Therefore, the proposed method offers better approximations matching between actual and abated systems during the transient period compared to some other clustering methods, which supports the replacement of large-scale systems by proposed abated systems. The proposed technique is a generalized version of the standard pole clustering technique. The proposed method guarantees the retention of dominant poles, stability and other fundamental control properties of the actual plant in the abated model. The proposed algorithm is illustrated by the five standard systems taken from the literature. The accuracy and effectiveness of the proposed method are verified by comparing the time responses and various performance error indices.
Application of improved variational mode decomposition method based on two-dimensional sparrow search algorithm in natural gas pipeline leakage signal denoising
Authors: Wang Dongmei , Zhu Lijuan , Yue Jikang , Lu Jingyi , Li Gongfa
Published: December 2021

To eliminate noise interference in pipeline leakage detection, a signal denoising method based on an improved variational mode decomposition algorithm is proposed. This work adopts a standard variational mode decomposition algorithm with decomposition level K and the penalty factor α. The improvements consist of using a two-dimensional sparrow search algorithm to find K and α. To verify the superiority of the sparrow search algorithm to find K and α, it is compared with three earlier studies. These studies used the firefly algorithm, particle swarm optimization, and whale optimization algorithm to perform the optimization. The main result of this study is to demonstrate that the variational mode decomposition improved by sparrow search algorithm gives a much improved signal-to-noise ratio compared to the other methods. In all other respects, the results are comparable.
“I didn’t Even Realize I Agreed to Meet the Child so Rarely.” Negotiations and Parental Desires in LGBTQ Family Forming Processes
Authors: Anttila Sonja , Palojoki Päivi , Vuori Jaana , Janhonen-Abruquah Hille
Published: December 2021

This study explores the negotiations taking place in LGBTQ families before a child is born or added to the family. It asks who takes part in the negotiations and what issues are negotiated about. An online questionnaire answered by LGBTQ parents (n = 74) was analyzed with qualitative content analysis. The chain of phases leading to having a child can be referred to as a family forming process with various negotiation topics. The four phases are identified as parental desires, consideration of practices, reflecting on the decision, and concrete actions toward having a child. Besides the LGBTQ parents-to-be, significant others such as friends and the family of origin and external others such as donors and fertility clinics took part in the negotiations. Future parents needed to think about their desires in advance to enable fair and equal negotiations.
Family Strength During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Indonesia
Authors: Valentina Tience D. , Nurcahyo Firmanto A.
Published: December 2021

Research on family strength is growing. Limited work has been studied about family strength during the COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia. This qualitative online survey studied on 65 participants, aged 27–57 years (M = 40.85, SD = 6.8), to explore the characters of Indonesian family strength during the COVID-19 pandemic. Qualitative data were analyzed thematically. This research discovered eight characters of Indonesian family strength, namely:(1) intense and open communication, (2) intimacy and time together, (3) cooperation and division of roles, (4) finding solutions to problems, (5) implementing health protocols, (6) financial stability, (7) religiosity/spiritual well-being, and (8) grateful and optimistic. These eight characters coupled with two other areas, (9) self-development, and (10) concern for the needs of others, become 10 areas that growing up in families during the pandemic. These findings highlight the importance of focusing on characters of family strength when facing crises and uncertainties.
Perceived Social Norms Guide Health Care Decisions for Oneself and Others: A Cross-Sectional Experiment in a US Online Panel
Authors: Strough JoNell , Stone Eric R. , Parker Andrew M. , Bruine de Bruin Wändi
Published: December 2021

Background:

Global aging has increased the reliance on surrogates to make health care decisions for others. We investigated the differences between making health care decisions and predicting health care decisions, self-other differences for made and predicted health care decisions, and the roles of perceived social norms, emotional closeness, empathy, age, and gender.

Methods:

Participants ( N = 2037) from a nationally representative US panel were randomly assigned to make or to predict a health care decision. They were also randomly assigned to 1 of 5 recipients: themselves, a loved one 60 y or older, a loved one younger than 60 y, a distant acquaintance 60 y or older, or a distant acquaintance younger than 60 y. Hypothetical health care scenarios depicted choices between relatively safe lower-risk treatments with a good chance of yielding mild health improvements versus higher-risk treatments that offered a moderate chance of substantial health improvements. Participants reported their likelihood of choosing lower- versus higher-risk treatments, their perceptions of family and friends’ approval of risky health care decisions, and their empathy.

Results:

We present 3 key findings. First, made decisions involved less risk taking than predicted decisions, especially for distant others. Second, predicted decisions were similar for others and oneself, but made decisions were less risk taking for others than oneself. People predicted that loved ones would be less risk taking than distant others would be. Third, perceived social norms were more strongly associated than empathy with made and predicted decisions.

Limitations:

Hypothetical scenarios may not adequately represent emotional processes in health care decision making.

Conclusions:

Perceived social norms may sway people to take less risk in health care decisions, especially when making decisions for others. These findings have implications for improving surrogate decision making.

Highlights

People made less risky health care decisions for others than for themselves, even though they predicted others would make decisions similar to their own. This has implications for understanding how surrogates apply the substituted judgment standard when making decisions for patients. Perceived social norms were more strongly related to decisions than treatment-recipient (relationship closeness, age) and decision-maker (age, gender, empathy) characteristics. Those who perceived that avoiding health care risks was valued by their social group were less likely to choose risky medical treatments. Understanding the power of perceived social norms in shaping surrogates’ decisions may help physicians to engage surrogates in shared decision making. Knowledge of perceived social norms may facilitate the design of decision aids for surrogates.
Technology rewind: The emergence of the analog entrepreneurial ecosystem
Authors: Roundy Philip T
Published: December 2021

Research has focused on the ecosystems of forces that influence how organizations pursue opportunities in new industries, nascent markets, and novel technologies. However, there is an emerging, but unstudied, ecosystem supporting entrepreneurial activities in legacy industries, mature markets, and based on (seemingly) obsolete technologies—the analog entrepreneurial ecosystem (AEE). To develop a framework to explain this phenomenon and guide entrepreneurs and managers operating in this ecosystem, a theory of the AEE is proposed. The theory explains the ecosystem’s main components and delineates the forces driving its emergence. The model contributes to research on ecosystems, technology reemergence, and management in mature markets and has implications for organizations pursuing opportunities outside the digital ecosystem and based on legacy products.
A Deeper Understanding of Child to Parent Violence (CPV): Personal Traits, Family Context, and Parenting
Authors: Cuervo Keren
Published: December 2021

The increase in the rate of child to parent violence is a concern for society in various countries. Different psychological and personal characteristics tend to define the profile of the minors who commit this type of offense. Various social factors have been also related to this type of violence, including exposure to violence, the family environment and parenting. The relationship between child to parent violence and previous exposure to violence has yet to be clarified. Comparatively little research on this crime involving samples from juvenile court has been undertaken. This study uses a standardized measure (YLS/CMI) to determine the extent to which three of the most extensively studied groups of factors in child to parent violence—the family context, parenting and the adolescents’ psychological characteristics are relevant in the predicting this type of violence. The sample consisted of a total of 342 juveniles from a Juvenile Court in Eastern Spain, dealt with under the terms of Organic Law 5/2000 regulating the Criminal Responsibility of Minors. A child to parent violence group is compared with a control group committing the entire range of offenses. Personal variables, antisocial personality and exposure to violence play a clear role in the commission of this type of crime. Parenting has a determinant influence even when compared with family characteristics. What affects the commission of this type of violence in the most serious cases is therefore not having been exposed to it, but instead the individual’s upbringing and their current relationship with their parents.
Exploring National Library of Scotland datasets with Jupyter Notebooks
Authors: Ames Sarah , Havens Lucy
Published: December 2021

The National Library of Scotland’s Digital Scholarship Service has been releasing collections as data on its data-delivery platform, the Data Foundry, since September 2019. Following the COVID-19 lockdown, this service experienced significantly higher traffic, as library users increasingly made use of online resources. To ensure that as many users as possible were able to explore the datasets on the Data Foundry, the Library invested in a Digital Research Intern post, with a remit to provide introductory analysis of the Data Foundry collections using Jupyter Notebooks. This article provides a case study of this project, explaining the Library’s work to date around its new Digital Scholarship Service and releasing datasets on the Data Foundry; the reasoning behind the decision to begin to provide Jupyter Notebooks; the Notebooks themselves and what types of analysis they contain, as well as the challenges faced in creating them; and the publication and impact of the Notebooks.
Correlation between FA and ADC, number and length of the periprostatic neurovascular fibers
Authors: Di Paola Valerio , Totaro Angelo , Avesani Giacomo , Gui Benedetta , Boni Andrea , Esperto Francesco , Valentini Vincenzo , Manfredi Riccardo
Published: December 2021

Purpose:

Our aim was to explore the relation between FA and ADC, number and length of the periprostatic neurovascular fibers (PNF) by means of 1.5 T Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) imaging through a multivariate linear regression analysis model.

Methods:

For this retrospective study, 56 patients (mean age 63.5 years), who underwent 1.5-T prostate MRI, including DTI, were enrolled between October 2014 and December 2018. Multivariate regression analysis was performed to evaluate the statistically significant correlation between FA values (dependent variable) and ADC, the number and the length of PNF (independent variables), if p-value <0.05. A value of 0.5 indicated poor agreement; 0.5–0.75, moderate agreement; 0.75–0.9, good agreement; 0.61–0.80, good agreement; and 0.9–1.00, excellent agreement.

Results:

The overall fit of the multivariate regression model was excellent, with R2 value of 0.9445 ( R2 adjusted 0.9412; p < 0.0001). Multivariate linear regression analysis showed a statistically significant correlation ( p < 0.05) for all the three independent variables. The r partial value was −0.9612 for ADC values ( p < 0.0001), suggesting a strong negative correlation, 0.4317 for the number of fiber tracts ( p < 0.001), suggesting a moderate positive correlation, and −0.306 for the length of the fiber tracts ( p < 0.05), suggesting a weak negative correlation.

Conclusions:

Our multivariate linear regression model has demonstrated a statistically significant correlation between FA values of PNF with other DTI parameters, in particular with ADC.
Improving Mental Health Among Transgender Adolescents: Implementing Mindful Self-Compassion for Teens
Authors: Bluth Karen , Lathren Christine , Clepper-Faith Melissa , Larson Lillia M. , Ogunbamowo Daniel O. , Pflum Samantha
Published: December 2021

The purpose of this study was to investigate the feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary outcomes of an online self-compassion intervention for transgender adolescents, with the aim of improving mental health. Participants identified as transgender or gender expansive, were between the ages of 13 and 17, and lived in the U.S. or Canada. The empirically-based self-compassion program, Mindful Self-Compassion for Teens (formerly Making Friends with Yourself) was implemented in eight 1.5 hour sessions on the Zoom platform by two trained instructors. Surveys were administered pre-, post-intervention, and at 3 months follow-up, and qualitative data were collected through end-of-program interviews and open-ended questions on the post-survey. All protocols were approved by the university IRB. Quantitative data analysis included repeated measures ANOVAs, and qualitative data were analyzed via both inductive and deductive methods. Results indicated that all but one psychosocial measure significantly improved from pre- to post-intervention, which then significantly improved at 3-month follow-up; most other improvements were maintained at follow-up. Four themes emerged from the qualitative data: virtual safe space; connection to body; personal growth; and recommended course changes and are discussed. Results suggest that self-compassion interventions can be incorporated into therapy programs to support and improve mental health for transgender adolescents.