bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Time-Kill Evaluation of Fluconazole and Amphotericin B against Candida Isolates
Authors: Burgess David S , Hastings Rhonda W , Lewis James S
Published: July 2017

Objective:

To compare the activity of fluconazole and amphotericin B against four isolates of Candida spp. with varying susceptibilities by use of time-kill methodology.

Methods:

Two isolates of Candida albicans and one isolate each of Candida tropicalis and Candida glabrata were used for all experiments. Susceptibilities were determined in duplicate by E-test. Time-kill studies were performed with fluconazole 1, 10, and 20 μg/mL and amphotericin B 0.25, 1, and 2.5 μg/mL. Samples were withdrawn at 0, 2, 8, 12, and 24 hours for fluconazole and at 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 12, and 24 hours for amphotericin B, diluted if necessary, then plated on potato dextrose agar plates. After incubating plates at 35 °C for 24 hours, colony counts were determined.

Results:

The minimum inhibitory concentration of fluconazole and amphotericin B, respectively, were as follows: 0.75 and 0.25 μg/mL for C. albicans ATCC 90028, >256 and 0.25 μg/mL for C. albicans 1378, 2 and 1 μg/mL for C. tropicalis, and 12 and 0.125 μg/mL for C. glabrata. Differences observed in the activity of fluconazole were dependent on the Candida spp. and susceptibility to the drug. All three concentrations of fluconazole were fungistatic against C. albicans ATCC 90028 and ineffective against C. albicans 1378 (the resistant isolate). Fluconazole suppressed the growth of C. tropicalis for the initial eight hours, after which fungal growth resumed. Against C. glabrata, fluconazole was ineffective at 1 μg/mL, whereas the 10- and 20-μg/mL concentrations were fungistatic for the first 12 hours. Amphotericin B displayed a concentration-dependent effect against all four isolates of Candida spp.

Conclusions:

Fluconazole 10 and 20 μg/mL were either fungistatic or suppressive for each of the susceptible and susceptible dose-dependent Candida isolates for the initial eight to 12 hours. In addition, despite resumed fungal growth, final colony counts with these concentrations were decreased by >80% compared with the growth controls at 24 hours. By comparison, the activity of amphotericin B was dependent on concentration against all four isolates, and fungicidal activity was demonstrated with only the concentration of 2.5 μg/mL. These concentrations of fluconazole and amphotericin B are readily available with common, clinically used dosing regimens (i.e., fluconazole 400 mg qd and amphotericin B 1 mg/kg/d).
Safer Alternatives to Sublingual Nifedipine for the Treatment of Hypertensive Urgencies
Authors: Matuschka Paul R
Published: July 2017

Objective:

To determine safer alternatives to sublingual administration of nifedipine for acute BP reduction.

Data Sources:

English-language articles were retrieved from a MEDLINE search (1992–1997) using the following search terms: Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor administration, sublingual, hypertensive emergency, and nifedipine. Standard references were also consulted.

Study Selection:

Representative articles addressing the use of sublingual nifedipine, captopril, or oral medications in acute hypertensive situations were reviewed and relevant studies were selected and analyzed.

Data Synthesis:

Sublingual captopril, nifedipine, and oral and sublingual Clonidine have been used in the management of acute hypertension. Oral labetalol, topical and sublingual nitrates, and other medications have also been evaluated for the treatment of hypertensive urgencies and emergencies. Sublingual nifedipine and captopril have a rapid onset of action and are effective in quickly lowering elevated BP. Sublingual use of nifedipine is associated with severe adverse effects and fatalities. Sublingual captopril offers similar reductions in BP without many severe adverse effects.

Conclusions:

For patient safety, sublingual nifedipine is no longer available for the treatment of hypertensive emergencies or urgencies at the Louisville Veterans Affairs Medical Center. When oral medications are requested for acute BP reduction, captopril is administered. Sublingual or oral Clonidine is the alternative for patients in whom captopril is contraindicated. Use of immediate-release nifedipine has been reduced by 98%.
President's Page
Authors: Bell M. Lee
Published: July 2017

In the November 2016 President's Page, Past President John Bradford highlighted the challenges SEG needs to address: we need to broaden our base, we need to do a better job of retaining members as they make the transition from student to professional, and we need to demonstrate our value and relevance if we are to grow our membership. Bradford went on to highlight the strategy adopted last year, which would address these issues and, in particular, broaden both the base of knowledge and career opportunities for our membership.
Hydrodynamic sensory threshold in harbour seals (Phoca vitulina) for artificial flatfish breathing currents
Authors: Niesterok Benedikt , Dehnhardt Guido , Hanke Wolf
Published: July 2017

Harbour seals have the ability to detect benthic fish such as flatfish using the water currents these fish emit through their gills (breathing currents). We investigated the sensory threshold in harbour seals for this specific hydrodynamic stimulus under conditions which are realistic for seals hunting in the wild. We used an experimental platform where an artificial breathing current was emitted through one of eight different nozzles. Two seals were trained to search for the active nozzle. Each experimental session consisted of eight test trials of a particular stimulus intensity and 16 supra-threshold trials of high stimulus intensity. Test trials were conducted with the animals blindfolded. To determine the threshold, a series of breathing currents differing in intensity was used. For each intensity, three sessions were run. The threshold in terms of maximum water velocity within the breathing current was 4.2 cm s−1 for one seal and 3.7 cm s−1 for the other. We measured background flow velocities from 1.8 to 3.4 cm s−1. Typical swimming speeds for both animals were around 0.5 m s−1. Swimming speed differed between successful and unsuccessful trials. It appears that swimming speed is restricted for the successful detection of a breathing current close to the threshold. Our study is the first to assess a sensory threshold of the vibrissal system for a moving harbour seal under near-natural conditions. Furthermore, this threshold was defined for a natural type of stimulus differing from classical dipole stimuli which have been widely used in threshold determination so far.
Species-specific differences in the fine structure of learning walk elements inCataglyphisants
Authors: Fleischmann Pauline N. , Grob Robin , Wehner Rüdiger , Rössler Wolfgang
Published: July 2017

Cataglyphis desert ants are famous navigators. Like all central place foragers, they are confronted with the challenge to return home, i.e. relocate an inconspicuous nest entrance in the ground, after their extensive foraging trips. When leaving the underground nest for the first time, desert ants perform a striking behavior, so-called learning walks that are well structured. However, it is still unclear how the ants initially acquire the information needed for sky- and landmark-based navigation, in particular how they calibrate their compass system at the beginning of their foraging careers. Using high-speed video analyses, we show that different Cataglyphis species include different types of characteristic turns in their learning walks. Pirouettes are full or partial rotations (tight turns about the vertical body axis) during which the ants frequently stop and gaze back in the direction of the nest entrance during the longest stopping phases. In contrast, voltes are small walked circles without directed stopping phases. Interestingly, only Cataglyphis ant species living in a cluttered, and therefore visually rich, environment (i.e. C. noda and C. aenescens in southern Greece) perform both voltes and pirouettes. They look back to the nest entrance during pirouettes, most probably to take snapshots of the surroundings. In contrast, C. fortis inhabiting featureless saltpans in Tunisia perform only voltes and do not stop during these turns to gaze back at the nest – even if a set of artificial landmarks surrounds the nest entrance.
Simulated predator stimuli reduce brain cell proliferation in two electric fish species, Brachyhypopomus gauderio and Apteronotus leptorhynchus
Authors: Dunlap Kent D. , Keane Geoffrey , Ragazzi Michael , Lasky Elise , Salazar Vielka L.
Published: July 2017

The brain structure of many animals is influenced by their predators, but the cellular processes underlying this brain plasticity are not well understood. Previous studies showed that electric fish (Brachyhypopomus occidentalis) naturally exposed to high predator (Rhamdia quelen) density and tail injury had reduced brain cell proliferation compared with individuals facing few predators and those with intact tails. However, these field studies described only correlations between predator exposure and cell proliferation. Here, we used a congener Brachyhypopomus gauderio and another electric fish Apteronotus leptorhynchus to experimentally test the hypothesis that exposure to a predator stimulus and tail injury causes alterations in brain cell proliferation. To simulate predator exposure, we either amputated the tail followed by short-term (1 day) or long-term (17–18 days) recovery or repeatedly chased intact fish with a plastic rod over a 7 day period. We measured cell proliferation (PCNA+ cell density) in the telencephalon and diencephalon, and plasma cortisol, which commonly mediates stress-induced changes in brain cell proliferation. In both species, either tail amputation or simulated predator chase decreased cell proliferation in the telencephalon in a manner resembling the effect of predators in the field. In A. leptorhynchus, cell proliferation decreased drastically in the short term after tail amputation and partially rebounded after long-term recovery. In B. gauderio, tail amputation elevated cortisol levels, but repeated chasing had no effect. In A. leptorhynchus, tail amputation elevated cortisol levels in the short term but not in the long term. Thus, predator stimuli can cause reductions in brain cell proliferation, but the role of cortisol is not clear.
Conventional NK cells and ILC1 are partially ablated in the livers of Ncr1iCreTbx21fl/fl mice
Authors: Cuff Antonia O. , Male Victoria
Published: July 2017

Mouse liver contains both Eomes-dependent conventional natural killer (cNK) cells and Tbet-dependent liver-resident type I innate lymphoid cells (ILC1). In order to better understand the role of ILC1, we attempted to generate mice that would lack liver ILC1, while retaining cNK, by conditional deletion of Tbet in NKp46+ cells. Here we report that the Ncr1iCreTbx21fl/fl mouse has a roughly equivalent reduction in both the cNK and ILC1 compartments of the liver, limiting its utility for investigating the relative contributions of these two cell types in disease models. We also describe the phenotype of these mice with respect to NK cells, ILC1 and NKp46+ ILC3 in the spleen and small intestine lamina propria.
Opposition theory and the interconnectedness of language, culture, and cognition
Authors: Danesi Marcel
Published: July 2017

The theory of opposition has always been viewed as the founding principle of structuralism within contemporary linguistics and semiotics. As an analytical technique, it has remained a staple within these disciplines, where it continues to be used as a means for identifying meaningful cues in the physical form of signs. However, as a theory of conceptual structure it was largely abandoned under the weight of post-structuralism starting in the 1960s — the exception to this counter trend being the work of the Tartu School of semiotics. This essay revisits opposition theory not only as a viable theory for understanding conceptual structure, but also as a powerful technique for establishing the interconnectedness of language, culture, and cognition.
A. J. Greimas: The perfection of imperfection
Authors: Grigorjevas Andrius , Gramigna Remo , Salupere Silvi
Published: July 2017

A. J. Greimas: The perfection of imperfection
A. J. Greimas’ historical lexicology (1945–1958) and the place of the lexeme in his work
Authors: Broden Thomas F.
Published: July 2017

In his first research project, Greimas developed and applied new methods in the historical lexicology of modern French. His theoretical articles formulate a sociological approach that analyses vocabulary as a history of culture, illustrated in his two dissertations on fashion in 1830. In the 1980s, from the perspective of his semiotics, Greimas dismissed his early scholarship as failed experiments that taught him what not to do. In the changed epistemological context of the 21st century, the work appears as pioneering research in cultural studies which possesses clear scholarly value. Greimas’ philological and lexicological training bore fruit directly and indirectly throughout his career. Two decades before he launched his semiotics, his project for lexicology proposes a semantic methodology, envisions the construction of an organon for the human sciences, and explicitly calls for a multi-generational collaborative enterprise. Like his structural semantics and semiotics, this lexicology entails three inseparable components: epistemological foundations, concrete methodologies, and robust applications. Moreover, a focus on the lexeme characterizes Greimas’ structural semantics and persists in his semiotics.
Four ways of triadic ‘sign-ness’ on two semiotic squares
Authors: Tamminen Herman
Published: July 2017

The article deals with semiosis and its dimensions as a theoretical construct to show some elementary differences between spheres of semiotic activity. In essence, one sign will be dissected into four categories of existence to show it may have different relations depending on the dimension it happens to be in. The general framework is that of human consciousness and its two distinct states: awake cognition and asleep dreaming with emphasis on the latter. From our point of view, the concepts of ‘nature’ and ‘culture’ have two layers: the manifest form and the latent function, the seen and the unseen. These are used as parallels to support the central thesis of this article that human cognition has dreaming as its countepart.The main theoretical frame is drawn from the work of Greimas and Courtés with emphasis on the semiotic square. The concept of the sign is taken from Peirce, whereas ‘sign-ness’ is adopted from Pyatigorskij. By projecting the triadic sign onto the semiotic square and excluding the concept ‘sign system’ along with the syntactic aspect, the basic fourfold dimension of the sign as such will be brought to view based on the distinct sign-relations in each given dimension. In order to double the square, semiosis will be endowed with features of ‘being-able’, thus affording the initial expression of dominant modalities serving as basis for the structure(s) of the elementary function and mechanism in each of the four dimensions. This will also enable bringing into view some elementary restrictions on semiosis in each dimension. Lastly, some new terms are suggested in accordance with what has been presented.
Interpreting “The Snow Queen”: A comparison of two semantic universes
Authors: Pilipoveca Tatjana
Published: July 2017

The article compares the famous fairy tale “The Snow Queen” by the Danish writer Hans Christian Andersen with a Soviet play of the same title by Evgenij Schwartz. Schwartz changed the original ideas and narrative structure of Andersen’s complex and religious text in order to make the play more attractive, spectacular and relatable for Soviet viewers. With the help of A. J. Greimas’ actantial model and semiotic square, the article tries to distinguish and analyse the discursive transformations of the source text in the process of adaptation.
Organization Life Cycle and the Inversive Relationship
Authors: Севостьянов  , Sevostyanov D.
Published: July 2017

This article analyzes the manifestation of the inversive relationship in the life cycle of the organization. Inversion is an internal contradiction in the hierarchy between the position of the hierarchical element, and its role. The reason for inversions is the discrepancy between the orientation of the organizational principles of hierarchy. The development of inversive relations leads the organization toward completion of its life cycle. Analysis of the inversive relationship in the hierarchy allows the comparative assessment of different models of the organizational life cycle.
Neural Network Analysis of the Influence of Sociocultural Factors on the Innovative Activity of the State
Authors: Дроговоз  , Drogovoz P. , Садовская  , Sadovskaya T. , Чурсин  , Chursin A. , Шиболденков  , Shiboldenkov V.
Published: July 2017

The paper discusses the issue of creating an enabling environment for effective work and useful scientific activity. For this, it is necessary to establish an effective and efficient system of labour relations in large scale, which would allow us to focus on achieving important accomplishments. However, the problem of creating a national system of effective management is the inability to import foreign models: countries differ not just in visible things such as language and history, but more importantly, uneven and norms of behavior, attitude to work, to success, to society. The significance of the topic taking into account national differences in the interaction of people highlights the increasing interest in cross-cultural models of organization and formation of effective cross-cultural corporation. The main objective of this study is to assess the availability in local cultures psychological prerequisites for the "productive" activities carried out by representatives of specific forms of worship. In this paper the cultural assumptions that generates progressive and active thinking among representatives of different civilizations are analyzed. This paper assesses the materiality of the influence of sociocultural factors on the productivity of research activities using the evaluation indices of Hofstede by applying Kohonen maps. Cultural profiles for generalized models, their structure and the degree of influence on the practical results of research activities are analyzed. Cultural characteristics of scientific leaders and the General principles are studied. The regularities of communication proactive mentality with the achieved results, as well as their materiality are analyzed.
The Mental Choice Between Sedentariness and Nomadism
Authors: Кравцов  , Kravcov A.
Published: July 2017

In the given article the author undertakes an attempt to make a rigorous definition of mental sedentariness and nomadism, which are considered here as oppositions, with the aid of «home» and «road» images. The author suggests a rigorous and weighted approach to working with the existential choices problems, an absence of which leads either to being disoriented and apathetic towards existential issues or to making premature decisions after interpreting them incorrectly. Working in the selected frames leads to the elimination of the vagueness, however, it becomes more and more visible that even total intensification of sedentariness and nomadism will not provide us with a desired existential condition, which means that the latter must be found somewhere else. Aside from that, when some complexities, related with the assumption that an existence should completely stay in one of the mentioned conditions, arise, the author suggest to eliminate the opposition between sedentariness and nomadism and switch the attention to the domain, where they coincide. Some ontological (unspecified «leap» notion, absence of the original condition) and ethical (distorted ethical ideal from the viewpoint of pure sedentariness and pure nomadism) problems are eventually fixed, and, finally, the author makes the case for the particular variant of solving the problem.
Relationship Between Leisure Time and Self-regulation and Goal Orientation among Professional Athletes: A New Perspective for Improving Athletes’ Physical Performance
Authors: Hassan Madjlesi Mohammad , Zareei Ali , Nikaeen Zinat
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACT: This study examined the relationship between leisure time and self-regulation and goal orientation among professional athletes. This study was an applied research using survey to collect data. Standard questionnaires were used to measure leisure time, self-regulation and goal orientation. The studied samples included 100 Iranian professional athletes in individual sports (judo and jujutsu) and team sports (handball and basketball) who were selected by selective sampling method. Data was analyzed by descriptive and inferential statistics, one-sample t-test, Pearson correlation and linear regression. Results showed a significant relationship between leisure time and self-regulation and goal orientation of professional athletes. The coefficient of correlation showed a very high and positive relationship between leisure time and self-regulation (α=0.915), between leisure time and goal orientation (α=0.884), and between self-regulation and goal orientation (α=0.921). Considering the significant relationship between these three parameters, it can be concluded that management of leisure time is an important factor in the career of professional athletes. For this purpose, opportunities can be provided for professional athletes to recognize different aspects of leisure time and use them in order to achieve better outcomes.
An Evaluation of Acute Toxicity and Subchronic Toxicity of Hydroethanolic Extract of “Shirishadi”- A Polyherbal Ayurvedic Compound in Rodents
Authors: Divya Kajaria , J. S Tripathi , S. K. Tiwari. , B. L Pandey.
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACT: This study was aimed at evaluating the safety profile, acute and subchronic toxicity of Shirishadi polyherbal ayurvedic compound in rodents, commonly used in the treatment of Bronchial Asthma. Acute toxicity was evaluated in wister albino rats by administering orally graded doses of extract of Albezzia lebbeck, Cyperus rotandus and Solanum xanthocarpum (Shirishadi Compound) in the dose of 2000, 5000 mg/kg, 10, and 20 g/kg body weight of animal and observed continuously for first 4 h and hourly for next 12 h, then 8 hourly for next 56 h (72 h, acute toxicity study). The study had been strictly followed the OECD guidance. Adult Wister albino rats were divided into 3 groups with 5 animals in each group and a control group, fed with doses of 5, 100 mg and 150 mg/ml once in a day for 30 days. Effect of drug was evaluated on hematological parameter after every 7 days and histological study was done after sacrificing the animals on 31st day. The median acute toxicity value (LD50) of the extract was found to be infinite and drug was found to be totally non toxic as after ingestion of 20 g no animal found to be dead. Hematological profile shows no abnormal elevation in level of Serum-Bilirubin, GOT, GPT, urea and creatinine. There was no any evidence of toxicity in histopathological studies.
Conversación sobre el vacío y el cuerpo desde el útero como dispositivo metafórico
Authors: Cadena Sandoval Marcela , Mendoza Prieto Anel
Published: July 2017

Dos autoras cuestionan los conceptos de vacío y cuerpo, al trabajar una fuerte relación con la maternidad, la no maternidad y la angustia. El artículo expone nueve contenidos relativos al cuerpo, entrama distintos ámbitos discursivos, como: el visual, el expresivo, el somático y el conceptual.El cuerpo como objeto de investigación se somete aquí a la confrontación de dos posiciones: una desde el ámbito de las sensaciones llevadas a un plano conceptual, la otra vinculada con la imposición del cuerpo-carne como territorio orgánico que acapara todas las relaciones del sujeto con el mundo.En la forma del texto es evidente la presencia del otro como cuerpo que se discute a sí mismo. El cuerpo es expuesto como dimensión dialógica. El texto está propuesto en los márgenes disciplinares de los estudios visuales, y su desarrollo hace aportaciones a la discusión contemporánea sobre la imagen.
Revisión de la Literatura sobre el Problema de Programación de “Flow Shop” Híbrido con Máquinas Paralelas no Relacionadas
Authors: Peña Tibaduiza Eliana Marcela , Garavito Hernández Edwin Alberto , Pérez Figueredo Luis Eduardo , Moratto Chimenty Eslendis
Published: July 2017

Context: The flow shop hybrid problem with unrelated parallel machines has been less studied in the academia compared to the flow shop hybrid with identical processors. For this reason, there are few reports about the kind of application of this problem in industries.Method: A literature review of the state of the art on flow-shop scheduling problem was conducted by collecting and analyzing academic papers on several scientific databases. For this aim, a search query was constructed using keywords defining the problem and checking the inclusion of unrelated parallel machines in such definition; as a result, 50 papers were finally selected for this study.Results: A classification of the problem according to the characteristics of the production system was performed, also solution methods, constraints and objective functions commonly used are presented.Conclusions: An increasing trend is observed in studies of flow shop with multiple stages, but few are based on industry case-studies.
Assessment of Effects of a Delay Block and a Nonlinear Block in Systems with Chaotic Behavior Using Lyapunov Exponents
Authors: Rodríguez Gómez Pablo César , Rodriguez Nieto Maikoll Andres , Soriano Mendez Jose Jairo
Published: July 2017

Context: Because feedback systems are very common and widely used, studies of the structural characteristics under which chaotic behavior is generated have been developed. These can be separated into a nonlinear system and a linear system at least of the third order. Methods such as the descriptive function have been used for analysis.Method: A feedback system is proposed comprising a linear system, a nonlinear system and a delay block, in order to assess his behavior using Lyapunov exponents. It is evaluated with three different linear systems, different delay values and different values for parameters of nonlinear characteristic, aiming to reach chaotic behavior.Results: One hundred experiments were carried out for each of the three linear systems, by changing the value of some parameters, assessing their influence on the dynamics of the system. Contour plots that relate these parameters to the Largest Lyapunov exponent were obtained and analyzed.Conclusions: In spite non-linearity is a condition for the existence of chaos, this does not imply that any nonlinear characteristic generates a chaotic system, it is reflected by the contour plots showing the transitions between chaotic and no chaotic behavior of the feedback system.Language: English
Orientación de Pasajeros con Discapacidad Visual dentro del Sistema de Transporte Masivo Transmilenio, mediante Geolocalización Satelital
Authors: Camargo Julián , González Luis , Segura Diego , Garay Fabian , Rincón Nubia
Published: July 2017

Context: Although the mass-transport system Transmilenio provides audio information for travelers’ guidance, this is not helpful enough to blind users who are not able to transit easily within the system. For these reason, portable guidance devices are needed to improve the level of autonomy of the visually impaired people while using the transport system.Method: A review of aid devices to improve the level of autonomy of people with visual impairment was conducted so as to define the most practical technology for building an affordable device usable in the city of Bogotá. Subsequently, the functional modules of the device were defined, including file storage, sound reproduction, user interface and satellite geolocalization and location. Once built, the operation of the device was tested with 10 volunteers in condition of visual impairment who were oriented with the device between two main stations of one Transmilenio line; a final statistical study was conducted on the operation and usability perception of the device by the users.Results: 100% of the users were able to reach their destination successfully in the pilot test. In regards to the usability perception, users highlighted features such as sound indications for setting the device and orientation guidance throughout the journey. On the other hand, one of the main difficulties found was to correctly identify the bus approaching the stop and similarly locating the corresponding boarding door, as multiple bus routes may alight in the same door.Conclusions: The device was built incorporating low-cost technologies intended to make it affordable in an eventual mass—scale production. Likewise, a discreet design was chosen so as to lessen the risk of robbery, which unfortunately is a frequent issue in the Transmilenio system due to overcrowding of buses and stations. Additionally, we remark that the prototype can be made smaller by using special—purpose circuit boards. Policy-makers may take into account these considerations for an eventual wide implementation as part of governments’ plans for mobility inclusion in mass-transport systems for disabled people, in comparison with other alternatives such as smart cell phonesLanguage: Spanish.
Érase una vez unos daticos…
Authors: Rojas Sergio A.
Published: July 2017

Once upon a time there was a small data...
An analysis of general high school teachers’ attitudes towards teaching profession
Genel liselerde görev yapan öğretmenlerin öğretmenlik mesleğine yönelik tutumlarının incelenmesi
Authors: Pehlivan Hülya
Published: July 2017

This study aims at analysing the attitudes displayed by teachers working in general high schools in terms of several variables. The research was conducted with teachers teaching in the general high schools located in the cental districts of Ankara, and a total of 434 teachers were reached for our purposes. The 35- item Scale of Attitudes towards Teaching Profession, which was developed by Çetin (2006), having three sub-scales was used in data collection. The alpha reliability for the scale used in data collection was found to be 0.94. For analyses, the t test was used in the comparison of groups of two whereas one-directional variance analysis in addition to the Scheffe test was used in the comparison of groups of more than two. According to the results, such factors as gender, the order of preferences, the reason for preferring, whether or not participating in cultural activities, considering quitting the job, and the availability of another teacher in the family were influential in attitudes towards teaching profession; while the number of years of teaching, the field of teaching and marital status were of no effect on the attitudes.Extended English abstract is in the end of PDF (TURKISH) file.ÖzetBu çalışmanın amacı, genel liselerde görev yapan öğretmenlerin öğretmenlik mesleğine yönelik tutumlarını çeşitli değişkenler açısından incelemektir. Araştırma Ankara merkez ilçelerde genel liselerde görev yapan öğretmenler üzerinde uygulanmış ve toplam 434 öğretmene ulaşılmıştır. Veri toplamak amacıyla Çetin (2006) tarafından geliştirilmiş 35 maddeden ve üç alt ölçekten oluşan öğretmenlik mesleğine yönelik tutum ölçeği kullanılmıştır. Veri toplamak amacıyla kullanılan tutum ölçeğinin alfa güvenirliği 0.94 olarak belirlenmiştir. Verilerin analizinde ikili grupların karşılaştırılmasında t testi, ikiden fazla karşılaştırmalarda tek yönlü varyans analizi ve Scheffe testi kullanılmıştır.  Araştırmadan elde edilen sonuçlara göre, cinsiyet, tercih sırası, tercih sebebi, kültürel etkinliklere katılabilme durumu, meslekten ayrılmayı düşünme durumu ve ailede öğretmen olma durumu öğretmenlik mesleğine yönelik tutumu etkilerken, hizmet yılı, öğretim alanı ve medeni durumun öğretmenlik mesleğine yönelik tutumu etkilememektedir.
Analysing the communicative aspect of Turkish minstrelsy tradition and story-telling performance in the frame of multiple intelligences theory
Authors: Demren Özlem
Published: July 2017

Oral narratives have an effective educational power in their context and they are among the most important conveyors of collective cultural memory as an eficient communicative tool. Perform an important function and occupy an important place in Turkish society, folk stories and their performative context too have an educational and communicational aspects. In the established communication between the minstrel (âşık/folk story performer/story-teller) and his audience, it is created a cultivation ground for the people who share the environment; perception and intelligence areas of performer and his audience are used effectively. The people who share the performative process of folk story learn to use the areas of multiple intelligence variously and make them efficiently active; and in a sense, they learn to improve the way of thinking in which is spesific to their culture. The important thing is here which intelligence areas are used and being prominence in this process. In the frame of our paper, to understand these process we use the Multiple Intelligences Theory which is improved by Howard Gardner in 1983, as a psychological theory, and it has been used worldwide effectively in the educational area. In this sense, Multiple Intelligences Theory gives us a different perspective to evaluate and understand the educational and communicational aspects of narrative context. In this paper, it will be an interpretation about the performative context of Turkish minstrelsy tradition in an interdisciplinary frame.
Accounting for changing returns to experience
Authors: Hendricks Lutz
Published: July 2017

Returns to experience for U.S. workers have changed over the post-war period. This paper argues that a simple model goes a long way towards replicating these changes. The model features three well-known ingredients: (i) an aggregate production function with constant skill-biased technical change; (ii) cohort qualities that vary with average years of schooling; and crucially (iii) time-invariant age-efficiency profiles. The model quantitatively accounts for changes in longitudinal and cross-sectional returns to experience, as well as the differential evolution of the college wage premium for young and old workers.
Crystal structure of poly[μ4-(4-(carboxylatomethyl)benzoato-κ4
O:O′:O′′:O′′′)-(2-(4-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)phenyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazole-κN)manganese(II)] [Mn(C9H6O4)(C16H12N4)]
Authors: Yin Wei-Dong , Li Gui-Lian
Published: July 2017

C25H18N4O4Mn, orthorhombic, P212121, a = 7.9366(11) Å, b = 10.2389(15) Å, c = 26.313(4) Å, V = 2138.3(5) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt(F) = 0.0385, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.0832, T = 296(2) K.
Crystal structure of 4-chloro-6-phenylpyrimidine, C10H7ClN2
Authors: Li Hong-Mei , Lou Xin-Hua
Published: July 2017

C10H7ClN2, monoclinic, P21/n (no. 14), a = 7.582(5) Å, b = 11.059(8) Å, c = 10.734(8) Å, β = 99.661(8)°, V =887.3(11) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt(F) = 0.0331, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.0951, T = 296(2) K.
Functional brain MRI in patients complaining of electrohypersensitivity after long term exposure to electromagnetic fields
Authors: Heuser Gunnar , Heuser Sylvia A.
Published: July 2017

Introduction:

Ten adult patients with electromagnetic hypersensitivity underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) brain scans. All scans were abnormal with abnormalities which were consistent and similar. It is proposed that fMRI brain scans be used as a diagnostic aid for determining whether or not a patient has electromagnetic hypersensitivity. Over the years we have seen an increasing number of patients who had developed multi system complaints after long term repeated exposure to electromagnetic fields (EMFs). These complaints included headaches, intermittent cognitive and memory problems, intermittent disorientation, and also sensitivity to EMF exposure. Regular laboratory tests were within normal limits in these patients. The patients refused to be exposed to radioactivity. This of course ruled out positron emission tomography (PET) and single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) brain scanning. This is why we ordered fMRI brain scans on these patients. We hoped that we could document objective abnormalities in these patients who had often been labeled as psychiatric cases.

Materials and methods:

Ten patients first underwent a regular magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) brain scan, using a 3 Tesla Siemens Verio MRI open system. A functional MRI study was then performed in the resting state using the following sequences:

Results:

All ten patients had abnormal functional MRI brain scans. The abnormality was often described as hyper connectivity of the anterior component of the default mode in the medial orbitofrontal area. Other abnormalities were usually found. Regular MRI studies of the brain were mostly unremarkable in these patients.

Conclusion:

We propose that functional MRI studies should become a diagnostic aid when evaluating a patient who claims electrohypersensitivity (EHS) and has otherwise normal studies. Interestingly, the differential diagnosis for the abnormalities seen on the fMRI includes head injury. It turns out that many of our patients indeed had a history of head injury which was then followed sometime later by the development of EHS. Many of our patients also had a history of exposure to potentially neurotoxic chemicals, especially mold. Head injury and neurotoxic chemical exposure may make a patient more vulnerable to develop EHS.
TNFRp55 deficiency promotes the development of ectopic endometriotic-like lesions in mice
Authors: Vallcaneras Sandra , Ghersa Federica , Bastón Juan , Delsouc María Belén , Meresman Gabriela , Casais Marilina
Published: July 2017

Endometriosis is an inflammatory disease depending on estradiol, with TNF-α being one of the most representative cytokines involved in its pathogenesis. TNF-α acts through its bond to the TNFRp55 and TNFRp75 membrane receptors. The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of the TNFRp55 deficiency on the development of ectopic endometriotic-like lesions. Endometriosis was induced surgically in mice of the C57BL/6 strain, wild type (WT) and TNFRp55−/− (KO). After four weeks, the peritoneal fluid was collected and the lesions were counted, measured with a caliper, removed, weighed, fixed or kept at −80°C. We evaluated the cell proliferation by proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) immunohistochemistry and apoptosis by TUNEL technique in the ectopic lesions. MMP-2 and MMP-9 activities (factors involved in invasiveness) were measured by zymography in the peritoneal fluid; estradiol and progesterone levels were measured by radioimmunoassay in the lesions and in the peritoneal fluid. We found that in KO animals the mean number of lesions established per mouse, the lesion volume, weight and cell proliferation increased and apoptosis decreased. In addition, the activity of MMP-2 and the estradiol level increased, whereas the progesterone level was not significantly modified. In conclusion, the deficiency of TNFRp55 promoted the establishment and development of endometriosis through an increase in the lesion size and high levels of estradiol which correlate with an increase in the MMP-2 activity. This is evidence of the possible association of the deregulation of the TNFRp55 expression and the survival of the endometriotic tissue in ectopic sites.
Lietuvos politinių partijų įvaizdžio vertinimo klausimyno adaptavimas jį modifikuojant
Authors: Gorbaniuk Oleg , Ivanova Ana , Blėkaitytė Dovilė , Budraitytė Gintalija , Pakalnytė Emilija Salomėja
Published: July 2017

Straipsnyje pristatomo tyrimo tikslas – Lietuvos politinių partijų įvaizdžio vertinimo klausimyno kalbinė adaptacija ir jo faktorinės struktūros bei psichometrinių charakteristikų patikrinimas. Taip pat siekiama atskleisti šios matavimo priemonės aiškinamąją vertę, nustatant rinkėjų teikiamą pirmenybę Lietuvos politinėms partijoms. Tyrime dalyvavo 300 Lietuvos aukštųjų mokyklų studentų (iš jų 50,5 proc. moterų), kurie, vartodami 25 būdvardžius, apibūdino šešias politines partijas, pripažįstamas Lietuvos politinėje erdvėje. Bendroji imtis padalyta į dvi grupes ir atlikta pirmosios grupės duomenų tiriamoji, o antrosios grupės duomenų – patvirtinamoji faktorių analizė. Abiejų analizių rezultatai parodė, kad Lietuvos politinių partijų suvokimo specifiką geriausiai atspindi šešių faktorių struktūra, apimanti tokias dimensijas: ryžtingumą, sąžiningumą, konfliktiškumą, religinį konservatyvumą, kairiąją / dešiniąją orientaciją ir senamadiškumą / modernumą. Daugianarė regresinė analizė patvirtino aiškinamąją politinių partijų įvaizdžio dimensijų vertę. Pakartotinis tyrimas parodė, kad, praėjus dviem savaitėms nuo pirmojo tyrimo, rezultatai buvo gana stabilūs. Atlikto tyrimo rezultatas – tai lietuviškos politinių partijų įvaizdžio vertinimo klausimyno versijos, turinčios patikrintas psichometrines charakteristikas, sukūrimas.
Methodological Issues in Experimental Research
Authors:   C3-301, Sovereign, Vatika City, Sector 49, Sohna Road, Gurgaon-122002, India, Sansanwal D.N.
Published: July 2017

As a History it is important to know that Bombay University was the first to start the M.Ed. course in 1936. Also the Bombay University was the first to introduce Ph.D. in Education in 1941 and it awarded the first Ph.D. degree in Education in 1943. The Lucknow University was the next to award Ph.D. degree in Education in 1949. Jangira and Sharma (1974) reported that the first Experimental study was conducted by Javli in 1949. Most of the Experimental studies were conducted in areas, like, Microteaching, Programmed Learning, Models of Teaching, etc. On the basis of findings of Experimental studies conducted in various Universities, it was decided to make Microteaching and Models of Teaching as part of B.Ed. curriculum. Till 2009 researchers were allowed to pursue their research to get Ph.D. degree in Education without undergoing any pre- Ph.D. course in Research Methodology. But looking to the quality of research in Education and other subjects, University Grants Commission, New Delhi made pre- Ph.D. course in Research Methodology compulsory. Now it is hoped that the quality of Research in Education and other subjects will improve. I personally feel that the quality of Research in Education on the whole is on the decline. Further even the quality of pre-Ph.D. course as well as teaching is of poor quality.
Resolveram meu problema, porém não compro mais! Por que os consumidores não desejam voltar a fazer negócios em lojas on-line?
Authors: Ximenes de Almeida Celso , Aguiar Mendes Gabriel , Alves Gomes Josemeire , De Oliveira Arruda Gome Danielle Miranda
Published: July 2017

O gerenciamento ineficaz das relações pós-venda entre empresas e consumidores de compras on-line pode gerar comportamentos negativos relacionados à intenção de recompra. O objetivo deste estudo é compreender os motivos que levam consumidores que compram on-line a manifestar a vontade de não comprar novamente produtos e serviços das empresas vendedoras, mesmo tendo seus problemas resolvidos. Para tanto, foi realizada uma pesquisa qualitativa. Os dados foram coletados por meio da análise de 200 reclamações referentes a quatro empresas varejistas virtuais postadas em site. Os resultados indicaram que os motivos mais frequentes para que o consumidor declare a vontade de não voltar a comprar com a empresa são: problemas com logística, demora na solução do problema e do atendimento da reclamação. Por fim, foi identificado que o processo de resolução dos problemas entre as empresas e os clientes ocorre em sua maioria de maneira pacífica, com a opção de reembolso do valor pago citada como a solução de maior preferência nos relatos analisados.
Subjetividad y poder en la organización empresarial: un estudio de caso
Authors: Valencia Espinosa Adriana
Published: July 2017

Ante las transformaciones del capitalismo, las organizaciones empresariales2 propician formas de gestión que, les permiten conservar e incrementar sus utilidades y asegurar su lugar en el mercado. Se considera que, a través de sus prácticas, estas organizaciones ejercen una forma de poder mediante la cual producen ciertos tipos de subjetividades útiles a sus propósitos. El objetivo de la investigación es comprender la incidencia de la organización empresarial en la subjetividad de los empleados y las implicaciones ante la ruptura laboral. Mediante una estrategia metodológica de estudio de caso con enfoque cualitativo y narrativo, se da cuenta del fenómeno de estudio. Como hallazgo relevante se logró determinar los elementos contextuales que facilitan el protagonismo de la organización empresarial como referente significativo e incidente en la conformación de subjetividades. También se reconocieron dispositivos desplegados por la empresa que obraron dicho proceso, así como sentimientos de transgresión ante la inminente ruptura laboral.
Corporate Social Responsibility and good Corporate Governance practices in Spanish Ethical Mutual Funds: Analysis of investee companies
Authors: López Arceiz Francisco José , Bellosta Ana José
Published: July 2017

Ethical Mutual Funds (EMF) stand out for their investments in companies that develop strategies based on Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) through good practices of Corporate Governance (CG). The aim of this paper is to analyze the types of companies that make up the portfolio of Spanish EMF, taking into account their cg model, their organizational structure and their economic and financial aspects. The results obtained show that the Spanish EMF prefer companies that promote the participation of stakeholders in their organizational structure and accessibility to their information. Additional evidence shows that the development of good cg practices in the context of CSR favors access to financing provided by financial markets and, within them, the EMF.
KINEMATIC DEMANDS OF TWO SMALL-SIDED GAMES OF COSTA RICAN COLLEGE SOCCER PLAYERS
Authors: Rojas-Valverde Daniel Francisco , Morera-Castro María , Montoya-Rodríguez Jaqueline , Gutiérrez-Vargas Randall
Published: July 2017

The purpose of this paper was to compare two small-sided games kinematics of Costa Rican college soccer players. Two SSG (2x10min, 3 min rest in between), C1 (600m2) and C2 (1200m2), were played by 14 college soccer players of Costa Rica. Global Positioning System was used to measure kinematic and physiological variables in both conditions. A mixed ANOVA was used, results suggested C1 and C2 were statistically different in speed (C1 < C2), distance (C1 < C2) and heart rate (C1 > C2). When analyzing the distance covered by speed category (low, moderate and high running actions) results suggest C2 had higher intensities compared to C1. This research confirms the findings of previous studies on the effectiveness of SSG to simulate real game conditions in short periods of time. Conclusions: C2 had higher intensities compared to C1 game with lower physiological demand. Likewise, the C2 resembles more accurately matches in official conditions of Costa Rican players.
A CONFIGURAÇÃO DO TÊNIS DE CAMPO INFANTO JUVENIL BRASILEIRO: PRIMEIRAS DESCRIÇÕES
Authors: Silva Camile Luciane da , Costa Isabelle Plociniak , Moraes e Silva Marcelo , Caregnato Andre Felipe , Cavichiolli Fernando Renato
Published: July 2017

O objetivo do presente estudo é de obter informações detalhadas sobre o Tênis de campo brasileiro. A pesquisa se caracterizou como descritiva utilizando os dados do site da Confederação Brasileira de Tênis (CBT), no ano de 2013, nas categorias de 12, 14, 16 e 18 anos de ambos os sexos. Foram selecionados os 200 primeiros colocados da categoria masculina e todas as atletas femininas de cada faixa etária, que variaram entre 111 e 162 atletas, totalizando 1.341 dados catalogados. Verificou-se que o Tênis de Campo se encontra basicamente em ambientes esportivos institucionalizados, principalmente em clubes. A título de conclusão o estudo aponta que o Tênis de Campo no Brasil acaba por reproduzir a lógica do campo esportivo no que se refere à distribuição por sexo. Existe também uma proximidade entre as esferas econômica e esportiva, pois atletas que se concentram nas regiões Sudeste e Sul têm uma maior probabilidade de desenvolvimento na modalidade.