bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Forecast of strongly lensed supernovae rates in the China Space Station Telescope surveys
Authors: Dong Jiang , Shu Yiping , Li Guoliang , Er Xinzhong , Hu Bin , Xu Youhua
Published: July 2024

Strong gravitationally lensed supernovae (SNe) are a powerful probe for cosmology and stellar physics. The relative time delays between lensed SN images provide an independent way of measuring a fundamental cosmological parameter – the Hubble constant –, the value of which is currently under debate. The time delays also serve as a “time machine”, offering a unique opportunity to capture the extremely early phase of the SN explosion, which can be used to constrain the SN progenitor and explosion mechanism. Although there are only a handful of strongly lensed SN discoveries so far, which greatly hinders scientific applications, the sample size is expected to grow substantially with next-generation surveys. In this work, we investigate the capability of detecting strongly lensed SNe with the China Space Station Telescope (CSST), a two-meter space telescope to be launched around 2026. Through Monte Carlo simulations, we predict that CSST can detect 1008.53 and 51.78 strongly lensed SNe from its Wide Field Survey (WFS, covering 17 500 deg2) and Deep Field Survey (DFS, covering 400 deg2) over the course of ten years. In both surveys, about 35% of the events involve Type Ia SNe as the background sources. Our results suggest that the WFS and DFS of CSST, although not designed or optimized for discovering transients, can still make a great contribution to the strongly lensed SNe studies.
VVVX survey dusts off a new intermediate-age star cluster in the Milky Way disk
Authors: Garro E. R. , Minniti D. , Alonso-García J. , Fernández-Trincado J. G. , Gómez M. , Palma T. , Saito R. K. , Obasi C.
Published: July 2024

Context. In the last decade, many new star clusters have been discovered in heavily obscured regions of the Milky Way bulge and disk.

Aims. Our primary long-term objective is to seek out additional star clusters in the poorly studied regions of the Milky Way, where detections pose significant challenges. The aim of this pursuit is to finalize the Milky Way’s globular and open cluster system census and to gain a comprehensive understanding of both the formation and evolution of these systems and our Galaxy as a whole.

Methods. We report the discovery of a new star cluster, named Garro 03. We investigated this new target using a combination of near-infrared and optical databases. We employed the VISTA Variables in the Via Láctea Survey and Two Micron All Sky Survey data in the near-infrared, and the Gaia Data Release 3 and the DECam Plane Survey datasets in the optical passband. We constructed density maps and vector proper motion diagrams in order to highlight our target. We performed a photometrical analysis in order to derive its main physical parameters.

Results. Garro 03 is located at equatorial coordinates RA = 14:01:29.3 and Dec = −65:30:57.0. From our photometric analysis we find that this cluster is not heavily affected by extinction with AKs = 0.25 ± 0.04 mag and AG = 1.54 ± 0.02 mag. It is located at heliocentric distance of 14.1 ± 0.5 kpc, which places Garro 03 at 10.6 kpc from the Galactic centre and Z = −0.89 kpc below the Galactic plane. We also calculated the mean cluster proper motion of (μα*,μδ)=(−4.57 ± 0.29, −1.36 ± 0.27) mas yr−1. We derived an age of 3 Gyr and metallicity [Fe/H] = −0.5 ± 0.2 by the isochrone-fitting method, employing the PARSEC models. The total luminosity was derived in the Ks and V bands, finding MKs = −6.32 ± 1.10 mag and MV = −4.06 mag. Finally, the core and tidal radii were measured constructing the Garro 03 radial density profile and fitting the King model. We obtained rc = 3.07 ± 0.98 pc and rt = 19.36 ± 15.96 pc, respectively.

Conclusions. We photometrically confirm the cluster nature for Garro 03, located in the Galactic disk. It is a distant, low-luminosity, metal-rich star cluster of intermediate age. We also searched for possible signatures (streams or bridges) between Garro 03 and Garro 01, but we exclude a companionship with the present analysis. We need spectroscopic data to classify it as an old open cluster or a young globular cluster, and to understand its origin.
Sustainable material for knee replacement using topsis method
Authors: Bera Kalol , Satapathy Suchismita
Published: July 2024

Sustainable materials are required for providing good design to products and proper application. It is economical, environmentally friendly and is widely accepted in society. The demand for knee replacement can be fulfilled with fulfilling aesthetic design and bio-compatibility of knee replacement. As the knee is the most important part of the body and the mobility of a person depends on its proper surgery and sustainable knee implants, in this paper an effort is made to design the knee implants using solid work design and the best implant material is selected Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) method. The selection criteria of sustainable implant materials are dependent on properties like mechanical property, bio-compatibility ness and cost of the material , which helps in selection of best material, where as solid work helps in designing, optimizing and simulating sustainable knee implant design before manufacturing. For analyzing the material selection process, durability, performance and patients ' requirements are taken care of. Case studies and examples demonstrate the effectiveness of this approach in advancing orthopedic implant design and material selection, ultimately contributing to the improvement of patient care in the field of orthopedic surgery.
Experimental Analysis on Effective Electro Magnetic Braking System
Authors: Srinivasagupta G. , Sasikumar G. , Padmavathi S Venkata , Rao Lokavarapu Bhaskara
Published: July 2024

A traditional breaking system involves conversion of mechanical energy in to the heat energy leads to reduction in effectiveness of breaking due to thermal effects. This results improper functioning and may fail ultimately. It has been found in the literature that the development of magnetic breaking system which is an improved version of traditional braking system to enhance its effectiveness and durability. Even though this magnetic braking system is better than traditional braking system, it has drawbacks in generating required amount of magnetic field, inducing directional torque, adjustment of air gap, selection of motor for driving and stopping the system. Hence present work Electromagnetic braking assembly has been designed, fabricated and partially validated for improvement of performance of braking system by analyzing similar parameters such as braking torque, speed, current, arrangement of number of magnets, magnetic field, air gap. A small scale prototype has been fabricated for testing and verification. Therefore more effective braking system is suggested than magnetic braking system. Implementation of this braking system is environment friendly in a sense pollution free, easy to operate and simple to fabricate. Hence this kind of system sustains for long life.
A comprehensive analysis of the problems in sustainable construction and mitigation strategies
Authors: Bhadauria Alok , Rajani D. , Helena Raj Vijilius , Kalita Das Karabi , Dutt Amit , Ziara Sajjad
Published: July 2024

The challenges arising due to the construction industry in balancing the development along with ecological concerns are being focussed upon in this paper. The detailed analysis of the materials that are being brought to use as a sustainable material in the constructions sectors is being focussed upon. Since the late 20th century, there have been significant developments in the building industry. Since the population is rising and the need for housing is increasing, all available resources must be employed to satisfy the demand as it stands. This will have a significant long-term effect on the situation since the resources at hand are insufficient to meet the demand. There are many data and trends about sustainable construction approaches that is being developed by the researchers across the world that form the basis of this review study. The work found that associated industries should be encouraged to take part in the seminars, workshops, and other training programs that are organized at various events in order to deepen and improve their comprehension of the concept of sustainable development. The comparison drawn-out in between the conventional and a smart building concludes the benefits of using sustainable methods in the construction industry.
Performance analysis and effect of various material fin-perforations in a plate-finned heat exchanger
Authors: Jyothi Bondu , Srikanth Tayi , Krishna P S.V.S.S.R. , Chittumuri Raju
Published: July 2024

Finding increasingly efficient heat exchangers requires a critical task: the development of fin profiles for prolonged life of equipment. The present study uses numerical analysis for better plate-finned heat exchangers hydraulic and thermal performance. Fin patterns are used in the analysis to evaluate a four-tube in-line heat exchanger. The proposed approach involves use of simulation and numerical methods to solve the heat transfer problem on different materials and wind velocity data as boundary conditions for improved heat transfer. The Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) model will be used to correct the average turbulent air flow over finned tubes in three dimensions using the ANSYS-Fluent software. The evaluation plan compares the current findings with published Nusselt number empirical correlations for the justification. Finally, the presentation of a parametric study on the impact of fin perforation size and shape on different materials and the behaviour of fluid dynamics and heat transfer. Larger fin perforation sizes (circular, rectangle, rhombus, and ellipse shapes) are found to enhance the heat exchangers' overall PEC and thermal efficiency for sustainability of the thermal equipment. The comparison was made between non-perforated and perforated fin types. Ultimately, it was determined that the best option for plate fin heat exchangers is the circular type perforated fin. When compared to without perforated fins, the circular type perforated fin has a higher heat transfer coefficient. A circular perforated fin has high performance, and the rhombus type perforated fin has lower performance.
Green and Sustainable synthesis of cobalt oxide nanoparticles from pineapple peel wastes
Authors: Nivedita  , Kaur Gurmeet
Published: July 2024

Because of the related benefits, green techniques of synthesizing cobalt oxide nanoparticles (Co3O4-NPs) have been preferred these days over different methods. The Co3O4-NPs in this study have been produced utilizing the waste peels of Ananas comosus (pineapple) and cobalt (II) chloride as a source of cobalt. Several methods, including Fourier transform spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), UV- spectrophotometer were used to analyze the produced NPs. The produced Co3O4-NPs’ antibacterial properties have been determined against gram positive bacteria and found active against Bacillus subtilis (B.subtilis) via Diffusion from Agar Well Method. This recently created green synthesis technique is not harmful to the environment and may replace physical and chemical processes of Co NPs.
Perception of Consumers towards Sustainable Omni-Channel Retailing
Authors: Vanishree Sah P. , Indira D. , Padmavathi Gururajan
Published: July 2024

The previous two decades have seen a considerable shift in the retailing paradigm due to information technology, going from a one way channel to online channel, multiple channel, and most recently, a sustainable omni-channel retailing. The innovations make it easier and more enjoyable for customers to purchase through numerous channels. Sustainable omni-channel system also makes it easier for merchants to identify different points of contact as well as strategies for meeting customer demands and boosting sales. The present study focuses on factors influencing consumer’s buying intention through sustainable omni-channel.
Sustainable Surface Engineering Techniques: Evaluating the Environmental Footprint of Laser and Electron Beam Methods
Authors: Desai Harshil , Soni Ashwini , Najah Zahraa , Karthikeyan R , Chandrashekar Rakesh , Nijhawan Ginni , Khan Muhammed Anaz
Published: July 2024

This study provides an extensive overview of the latest developments in metal surface engineering, including methodologies, characterizations, and applications. The study highlights how important surface engineering is for improving metallic materials’ functionality and performance across a range of sectors. Therefore, a series of techniques are presented in this paper for evaluating design surfaces’ mechanical properties, topological properties, and microstructure. This paper presents a review of current advances in the field, focusing on functionalized surfaces for energy applications, nanostructured coatings for corrosion protection, and biomedical applications of modified surfaces. Since lasers and electron beams are mechanically and tribologically superior, there is a long discussion about their environmental footprint. A special focus in the study is on surface functionalization, nanostructured coatings, corrosion protection, and biological applications, as well as recent developments in the field. The paper also discusses the impact they have on the environment. Surface engineering approaches have long been known to enhance corrosion protection, wear resistance, and component functionality in aerospace, automotive, electronics, and healthcare sectors. Thus, the paper’s conclusion emphasizes that more research and development are needed to overcome constraints and take advantage of emerging trends in surface engineering in order to overcome constraints and take advantage of new trends. The paper provides a solid foundation for future research and development in a range of industries affected by surface engineering.
Sustainable Solutions in Sound Shielding: Harnessing Metamaterials for Acoustic Cloaking
Authors: Singh Thapa Devendra , Najah Zahraa , Khosla Vivek , Ravinder Rathod , B Swathi , Nagpal Amandeep , Cheeli Ashok Kumar
Published: July 2024

The development of metamaterials promises to enable smallscale, worldwide industry-wide acoustic, electromagnetic, mechanical, and solar energy harvesting. Engineered structures surpass natural material limitations, offering capabilities unattainable in traditional counterparts. This paper explores metamaterials' manipulation of acoustic, electromagnetic, mechanical, and solar energy. Mechanical metamaterials convert strain into electrical energy, applicable from interstellar travel to terrestrial infrastructure. Precision-configured acoustic metamaterials efficiently harness dispersed acoustic energy, improving renewable energy methodologies. Integration into photovoltaic cells showcases metamaterials' solar potential, with innovative designs enhancing solar energy conversion efficiency. “Metamaterials” is a word used to describe artificial structures whose properties are based on the aggregate expression of individual components. Acoustic metamaterials are the term used for such constructions intended for the manipulation of acoustic waves. Controlled wave propagation is made possible by acoustic metamaterials, which is frequently not possible with bulk materials created chemically. This indicates that the wave propagation in acoustic metamaterials is directed and produces desired acoustic effects, independent of the mass-density properties of the material. The distinct properties of acoustic metamaterials have paved the way for the creation of practical solutions for a variety of uses, such as passive destructive interference, acoustic cloaking, sound focusing, low-frequency sound insulation, and biomedical acoustics. The kind of sound modification determines the general properties of an acoustic metamaterial. The properties of several of the most promising acoustic metamaterials from passive to active are introduced in this work. In order to achieve a sustainable future, it is necessary to combine environmentally friendly technologies with renewable energy sources for their final application. This is demonstrated by highlighting both the fundamental concepts and the physical models that were assessed.
Analytical Review on Enhancing Sustainability in microsystems by Integrating MEMS for Compact Design
Authors: Vyas Sarvesh , Alhussainy Ali K. , Raju Y. Kamala , Manjunatha  , Pratap Srivastava Arun , Jain Alok , Vijetha T.
Published: July 2024

By combining silicon-based microelectronics with micromachining technology, microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) have been identified as one of the most promising technologies for the 21st Century. With its microsystem-based devices and technologies, it will have a dramatic impact on the way we live and the way we live our lives. With an emphasis on both commercial applications and device fabrication methods, the paper provides an introduction to the field of MEMS. As well as discussing the range of MEMS sensors and actuators, the phenomena that MEMS devices can sense and act upon, and the major challenges facing the industry, the presentation discusses the challenges faced by the MEMS industry. An introduction to the field of MEMS is presented in this paper, which is divided into four sections. A section on MEMS introduces the reader to its definitions, history, current applications, and miniaturization-related issues. Photolithography, bulk micromachining, surface micromachining, and high-aspect-ratio micromachining are among the fundamental fabrication methods discussed in the second section, as well as assembly, system integration, and packaging of MEMS devices. A brief description of the basic principles of sensing and actuation mechanisms is provided in the third section, which discusses the range of MEMS sensors and actuators, as well as the phenomena that can be sensed or acted upon with MEMS devices. Toward the commercialization and success of MEMS, the final section illustrates the challenges facing the industry.
Sustainable Power Flow: Voltage Distribution Strategies for Renewable Energy Integration
Authors: Divya Boya , Kaliyaperumal Gopal , Kansal Lavish , Saxena Abhishek , Praveen Praveen , Mohammad Q. , RajaSri K
Published: July 2024

The rapid expansion of green energy resources (RER) into existing electrical networks necessitates an evolved approach to voltage distribution. This study explores the challenges and solutions associated with integrating green energy into high and low voltage distribution systems (HVDS and LVDS). The research evaluates various protection schemes for dynamic fault currents, voltage control systems for mitigating power quality issues, and optimal planning strategies for distributed generation. Innovative methodologies for integrating solar and wind energy, such as centralized-decentralized control approaches and demand response mechanisms, are proposed. The study demonstrates, through MATLAB simulations, that HVDS configurations significantly improve system efficiency and reduce technical losses compared to LVDS, particularly when interfacing with green energy sources.
Solar and Wind Power Electric Vehicle
Authors: Rekha M. , Akshith K. , Varun Sai J. , Srividya Devi P. , Revathi G. , Hussaien Ramee
Published: July 2024

This project concerns a vehicle, the “Solar and Wind Power Electrical Vehicle,” whose operation is controlled using IoT. The principal purpose is to use renewable forces for vehicle movement. There is an ESP32 microcontroller that connects to two electric engines and a motor driver enabling precise commands in the structure. Furthermore, the car consists of a solar battery panel and a wind turbine providing sustainable and ecological energy production. Our main objective is to build a car that uses no oil or gas at all since it can run on something more unconventional, such as solar power, wind energy, etc.; thus, the focus of this project is on creating a green car that will not use fuel made from fossil fuels like petrol or diesel while making sure that it works using only sustainable sources of energy available today. The motor driving system integrates the ESP32 module into the motor speed adjustment circuit (MSAC), which acts as an electronic hub for both motor control signals and serial communication codes between the motor and the CPU (central processing unit) on a single chip. Remote car control using just your phone is possible because IoT connects it. When connected, the driver can have control over each motor's direction individually such that they are interconnected with the two motors by default on the driver circuit board (or the relation may occur by default). Consequently, the vehicle gets an increased capacity for navigating various surfaces more effectively this way—The two engines act as an independent supposing of its configuration. If you want it to move off the road or even on hilly ground, this car would do so easily because there is a mechanism that makes it easier for her to move on such surfaces. It is equipped with a solar panel and wind turbine, allowing the car to be powered by renewable energy from its environment. During the day, the sun charging system converts sunlight into electricity, whereas during the night the wind generator creates power from wind when there is some wind. The stored energy can be preserved in accumulators.
A power management strategy for PV and hybrid energy storage system
Authors: Vijaya Rama Raju V. , Chandana Jakinapally , Neha Susani , Kavya Sree Thappeta , Guhanika Guduru , Ali Hasan M.
Published: July 2024

Renewable energy sources are sporadic in nature, they supplement conventional energy sources. The stability of the distribution system is impacted by the inclusion of these traditional sources. The power quality of the system is also impacted by random fluctuations. Systems for storing energy are therefore created. Therefore, a battery and capacitor integrated power management method for grid-connected photovoltaic systems is devised. Battery and supercapacitor work together to stabilize the system by grabbing both steady and sporadic power and regulating the DC link voltage. The purpose of supercapacitor is to reduce battery’s current stress.
Calphad-based thermodynamic assessment of Sm-In binary system supported by Ab-initio calculations
Authors: Kerkoubi Fatima-Ezzahra , Zahra Chrifi Alaoui Fatima , Mahdouk Kamal , Boulgana Meriam , Achgar Khadija , Ait Boukideur Mustaphe , Idbenali Mohamed , Selhaoui Najim
Published: July 2024

The Calphad method was employed to assess the phase equilibria and thermodynamic characteristics of the samarium-indium system. The input data included theoretical and experimental information, as well as calculated data pertinent to this system. The objective was to identify the equilibrium phase and unknown thermodynamic properties of the system. This entailed determining the parameters that govern the Gibbs energy associated with each distinct phase. The Samarium-Indium system comprises five intermetallic compounds: Sm3In, Sm2In, SmIn3, SmIn, and Sm3In5. The three phases, Sm3In, Sm2In, and SmIn3, have been identified as stoichiometric compounds, while the two phases, SmIn and Sm3In5, exhibit a degree of homogeneity. These phases have been modeled using a two-sublattice model with substitution in each sublattice. A density functional theory (DFT) approach was employed to calculate the enthalpies of formation for all five phases. The Gibbs energy of the liquid phase (G) was described based on the Redlich-Kister equations. The crystal structure of the pure element Sm is Rhombohedral, while that of in is tetragonal. The calculations based on the thermodynamic modeling are in good agreement with the phase diagram data and experimental thermodynamic values available in the literature. The process of modeling allows us to calculate the phase equilibria and thermodynamic properties of the liquid phase and intermetallic compounds of the system Sm-In for the first time. The results obtained are reported in a series of figures and tables in this manuscript.
Five- and 18-Year Outcome of Two Cases with Full-Arch Rehabilitations Ad modum All-on-4 in the Presence of Challenging Conditions
Authors: de Araújo Nobre Miguel , Santos Diogo , Ferro Ana , Lopes Armando , Antunes Carolina Jorge , Vitor Inês
Published: July 2024

Placing implants in fresh postextraction sites is a borderline rehabilitation procedure. The purpose of this report is to describe the pre-, per-, and postoperative procedures for maintaining long-term stability of two full-arch rehabilitations through the All-on-4 protocol, performed in the presence of challenging conditions. Two patients were referred for full-arch rehabilitation with immediate function, with both patients presenting infection in the jaws: patient 1 with an implant (position #45) inserted in a cystic cavity; patient 2 with one implant (position #24) inserted transsinus after the removal of a cyst on the base of the maxillary sinus and another implant (position #15) inserted with a dehiscence. Both patients received a preoperative dental hygiene appointment, a regenerative surgical protocol, and were enrolled in a postoperative maintenance protocol. After surgery a provisional prosthesis was provided ensuring immediate function, and 6 months after surgery, the final prosthesis was delivered. During the follow-up appointments (final follow-up at 5 and 18 years), the implants were stable, and no infection was observed for both patients. The present case report describes two full-arch rehabilitations in immediate function, supported by dental implants inserted in the presence of challenging conditions that do not represent the norm, rather are highly demanding for the clinical team, warranting caution in the interpretation of the results.
APOE Polymorphism, Obstructive Sleep Apnea, and Cognitive Function
Authors: Gara Elisangela Macedo , Goya Thiago Tanaka , Ferreira-Silva Rosyvaldo , Matheus Larissa , Jordão Renato Marques , Araújo Marlon Lemos , Silva Alanna Joselle , Guerra Renan Segalla , Lorenzi-Filho Geraldo , Ueno-Pardi Linda Massako
Published: July 2024

Objective Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is associated with the apolipoprotein E ε4 polymorphic allele (APOE ε4) and with worse cognitive function. However, the influence of APOE ε4 on cognitive function in patients with moderate-to-severe OSA is controversial. The present study evaluated the influence of APOE ε4 polymorphism and cognitive function in sedentary OSA patients with no other major comorbidities.

Materials and Methods In total, 55 middle-aged patients underwent conventional nocturnal polysomnography, APOE ε4 polymorphism genotyping, cognitive evaluation (attention, inhibitory control, frontal functions, processing speed, and episodic memory), and they filled out the International Physical Activity Questionnaire.

Results Overall, 13 patients had no or mild OSA, and 42 had moderate-to-severe OSA (apnea-hypopnea index [AHI] ≥ 15 events/h of sleep) and APOE ε4 was present in 7.7% and 21.4% of the patients in each group respectively. Among patients with moderate-to-severe OSA, the sleep parameters were similar in the groups of APOE ε4 carriers and noncarriers. Compared with patients with no or mild OSA, the cognitive parameters were worse for processing speed (Digit Symbol Test) and attention (Stroop Color Word Test, SCWT-Part 2) among the patients with moderate-to-severe OSA. The difference was present even after the exclusion of APOE ε4 carriers. Among patients with moderate-to-severe OSA, APOE
ε4 carriers presented worse episodic memory, evaluated through the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test, than APOE
ε4 noncarriers.

Conclusion Moderate-to-severe OSA is associated with poor cognitive function that is further impaired by the presence of APOE
ε4 polymorphism.
Predicting transient dynamics in a model of reed musical instrument with slowly time-varying control parameter
Authors: Bergeot B. , Terrien S. , Vergez C.
Published: July 2024

When playing a self-sustained reed instrument (such as the clarinet), initial acoustical transients (at the beginning of a note) are known to be of crucial importance. Nevertheless, they have been mostly overlooked in the literature on musical instruments. We investigate here the dynamic behavior of a simple model of reed instrument with a time-varying blowing pressure accounting for attack transients performed by the musician. In practice, this means studying a one-dimensional non-autonomous dynamical system obtained by slowly varying in time the bifurcation parameter (the blowing pressure) of the corresponding autonomous systems, i.e., whose bifurcation parameter is constant. In this context, the study focuses on the case for which the time-varying blowing pressure crosses the bistability domain (with the coexistence of a periodic solution and an equilibrium) of the corresponding autonomous model. Considering the time-varying blowing pressure as a new (slow) state variable, the considered non-autonomous one-dimensional system becomes an autonomous two-dimensional fast–slow system. In the bistability domain, the latter has attracting manifolds associated with two stable branches of the bifurcation diagram of the system with constant parameter. In the framework of the geometric singular perturbation theory, we show that a single solution of the two-dimensional fast–slow system can be used to describe the global system behavior. Indeed, this allows us to determine, depending on the initial conditions and rate of change of the blowing pressure, which manifold is approached when the bistability domain is crossed and to predict whether a sound is produced during transient as a function of the musician’s control.
Climate network analysis of extreme events: Tropical cyclones
Authors: Sonone Rupali , Gupte Neelima
Published: July 2024

Climate networks based on surface air temperature data are analyzed to identify distinct signatures of tropical cyclones, which appear in the Indian Ocean. These networks, which are percolating networks, show an abrupt phase transition in the order parameter and the susceptibility during cyclonic events. The behavior seen is compared for the months October–November 2016, when three successive cyclones, viz., cyclone Kyant, cyclone Nada, and cyclone Vardah, were seen, and compared with a year where a single cyclone, cyclone Ockhi, was seen in December 2017. All these cyclones were seen in the Bay of Bengal. The microtransitions, i.e., the locations of jumps in the order parameter, for these two cases show distinct patterns. The signatures of the cyclones can be seen in other quantities like the node degrees and their geographic distributions and other network characterizers. We also compare these with a cyclone, cyclone Ashoba (2015), seen in the Arabian Sea where cyclones are rarer. The networks also show the signatures of precursor behavior, which has implications for further analysis.
Out of time order correlation of the Hubbard model with random local disorder
Authors: Rangi Chakradhar , Moreno Juana , Tam Ka-Ming
Published: July 2024

The out-of-time-order correlator (OTOC) serves as a powerful tool for investigating quantum information spreading and chaos in complex systems. We present a method employing non-equilibrium dynamical mean-field theory and coherent potential approximation combined with diagrammatic perturbation on the Schwinger–Keldysh contour to calculate the OTOC for correlated fermionic systems subjected to both random disorder and electron interaction. Our key finding is that random disorder enhances the OTOC decay in the Hubbard model for the metallic phase in the weakly interacting limit. However, the current limitation of our perturbative solver restricts the applicability to weak interaction regimes.
Soft x-ray high diffraction efficiency and spectral flux laminar-type W/B4C multilayer diffraction grating for 300–1000 eV
Authors: Koike M. , Hatano T. , Pirozhkov A. S. , Oue Y. , Murano T. , Kakio T. , Koshiya S. , Kondo K. , Terauchi M.
Published: July 2024

Multilayer diffraction gratings are designed to improve the detection limit and sensitivity of soft x-ray flat-field spectrographs in the region of 300–1000 eV, placing emphasis on Fe-L (705 eV), Cu-L (930 eV), and Zn-L (1012 eV) emissions. For this purpose, spectral flux was used as the performance index, which is proportional to the amount of optical flux incident into a detector and correlated with detection sensitivity. A super-mirror-type W/B4C multilayer coating [Koike et al., Rev.Sci. Instrum. 94, 045109 (2023)] was employed to improve diffraction efficiency in a wide energy region. The unique feature of the multilayer structure is that the average refractive index and the period length of W/B4C layer pairs are increased from the bottom to top layers. In addition, the incidence angle was reduced to 86.03° from 88.65° and the nominal groove density was increased to 3200 lines/mm from 2400 lines/mm of our previous design, to improve spectral flux while maintaining dispersion and spectral resolution. A holographic varied-line-spacing spherical grating and a soft x-ray flat-field spectrograph were designed, using the aspherical-wavefront-recording method, assuming the nominal grating constant and incident angle described above. The numerical simulation results showed that the spectrograph employing the newly designed grating with the W/B4C multilayer indicated 3.2–8.2 times higher spectral flux compared with those using the previously designed grating while keeping the same spectral resolution.
Influences of densities and thermal temperatures of electron and beam fluids on the characteristics of the electron acoustic electrostatic fields and fluid energies
Authors: Alsadi K. S. , Darwish E. M. , El-Shewy E. K.
Published: July 2024

A model of nonlinear electron acoustic electrostatic plasma waves having electron beams has been investigated. The structure of Korteweg–de Vries soliton energy and the corresponding electrostatic field have been discussed. The parametric regimes for wave existence of compressive and rarefactive structures have been examined via auroral zone data. The effects of densities and thermal temperature of electrons and beams on the nature of the electrostatic field and fluid energies have been taken into account.
Investigation on sheathless inertial focusing within low-aspect ratio spiral microchannel for cascaded microfluidic tumor cell separation
Authors: Peng Tao , Zhang Zhexin , Yuan Shuai , Qiang Jun , Jia Yanwei
Published: July 2024

The high-precision and high-purity isolation of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) from whole blood is vital to early cancer detection. Cascaded microfluidic separation is highly efficient because it connects multiple-stage separations in series. Here, we numerically investigated sheathless tumor cell separation with size-dependent cascaded inertial and deterministic lateral displacement (DLD) microfluidic device. The inertial microfluidic is arranged in the first-stage unit for particle focusing and rough sorting, and the cascaded DLD microfluidic is arranged in the second stage for realizing further sorting and purification. A parametric study with flow rate range from 100–600 μl/min and aspect ratio range from 60:100 to 60:300 of the first stage was carried out to optimize channel structure for realizing high-efficiency separation. Then, the pre-separation mechanism within the spiral microchannel was analyzed. The purity of the obtained CTCs and the separation efficiency were further improved using a droplet-type microcolumn DLD microfluidic device as the second unit. The cascade eliminates the need for additional force fields and reduces device complexity while simplifying operation and reducing the chance of sample contamination.
Developing a predictive model for low-temperature Laval nozzles with applications in chemical kinetics
Authors: Driver L. , Douglas K. , Lucas D. I. , Guillaume T. , Lehman J. H. , Kapur N. , Heard D. E. , de Boer G. N.
Published: July 2024

Laval nozzles are used in the CRESU (“Cinétique de Réaction en Écoulement Supersonique Uniforme”) method to generate a collimated low temperature (5–200 K), low pressure (30–500 Pa), high Mach number (1 < M < 20) supersonic jet. Laval nozzles have been designed using the Method of Characteristics (MOC) since the development of CRESU, which is an analytical method that assumes inviscid, isentropic flow, and is routinely used to design nozzle profiles for a particular gas and temperature with a uniform shock free exit. This study aims to provide a robust computational framework to overcome the limitations of the MOC while also providing recommendations on the numerical model setup required to model a low-temperature supersonic jet. It also discusses the blockage effects when using the Pitot tube method for flow characterization, the influence of inlet turbulence and reservoir size. Numerical results are validated using two different experimental apparatuses from research groups at the University of Leeds and the University of Birmingham. Finally, a MATLAB framework was developed and has been provided as an open source toolbox to allow any user to perform computational fluid dynamics on any Laval nozzle, with the ability to change nozzle geometry, operating conditions and bath gas. The toolbox has been rigorously tested against many benchmark cases, which shows that steady-state Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes with the k-omega-shear stress transport turbulence model can be used to accurately predict global quantities, such as average temperature in the stable region of the supersonic jet.
Electrical design of the flexible imaging diffraction diagnostic for laser experiments (FIDDLE) at the National Ignition Facility (NIF)—Requirements, design, and performance
Authors: Nyholm P. R. , Palmer N. E. , Petre R. B. , Carpenter A. C. , Nagel S. R. , Bradley D. K. , Vennari C. E. , Golick B. , Boyle D. , Sharp A. M. , Morioka S. B. , Mackinnon A. J. , Benedetti L. R.
Published: July 2024

The Flexible Imaging Diffraction Diagnostic for Laser Experiments (FIDDLE) is a newly developed diagnostic for imaging time resolved diffraction in experiments at the National Ignition Facility (NIF). It builds on the successes of its predecessor, the Gated Diffraction Development Diagnostic (G3D). The FIDDLE was designed to support eight Daedalus version 2 sensors (six more hCMOS sensors than any other hCMOS-based diagnostic in NIF to date) and an integrated streak camera. We will review the electrical requirements, design, and performance of the electrical subsystems that were created to support this large number of cameras in the FIDDLE. The analysis of the data that the FIDDLE is intended to collect relies heavily on the accurate and well-understood timing of each sensor. We report camera-to-camera timing jitter of less than 100 ps rms and sensor integration times of 2.2 ns FWHM in 2-2 timing mode. Additionally, diffraction experiments on the NIF produce electric fields (EMI) on the order of 1 kV/m, which have been observed to negatively impact the performance of some electrical components of the FIDDLE. We report on the results of testing hCMOS camera electronics in a similar EMI environment generated in an offline lab. We also summarize the use of a novel approach to using a vector network analyzer as an EMI leak detector to understand and reduce the negative impacts of EMI on the FIDDLE.
Analysis of the influence of ice-hole constraint on the oblique water-entry characteristics of a high-speed cylinder
Authors: Lu Lin , Yang Zhe , Qi Xiaobin , Zhou Yu , Chen Kaimin , Li Qiang
Published: July 2024

It is crucial for the water-entry stability and safety of the polar ocean equipment to study the process of the cylinder entering the water and passing through ice holes. In this study, based on the volume of fluid model and Schnerr–Sauer cavitation model, the influences of the ice-hole constraint on the cavity evolution process, the flow field characteristics, and the motion characteristics of the oblique water-entry process of the cylinder under different ice-hole diameter conditions are investigated numerically. The numerical method is verified. Results show that the influence of the ice-hole constraint on cavity evolution is mainly reflected in three aspects: surface splash, cavity wall, and cavity surface closure time. The ice-hole constraint changes the flow range of the water near the free surface, affecting the direction and shape of the surface splashing. The ice-hole inhibits the cavity expansion near the free surface. Under the smaller ice-hole diameter condition, the left-sided cavity wall directly collides with the inner wall of the ice-hole, which causes the curvilinearity of the left wall of the cavity near the free surface. Simultaneously, under the ice-hole condition, the surface closure time of the cavity is altered, and the distribution of the air and vapor inside the cavity is changed. A larger shear deformation region appears near the free surface, and there are more large-scale vortices inside the cavity, which leads to the acceleration of the velocity of the fluid and the decrease in the pressure near the free surface. Moreover, the impact force is changed at the initial stage of the cylinder passing through the ice-hole. The ice-hole condition leads to a faster velocity attenuation and a greater deflection during the oblique water-entry process of the cylinder.
Flexible arch-shaped triboelectric sensor based on 3D printing for badminton movement monitoring and intelligent recognition of technical movements
Authors: Yang Yun , Jia Lei , Wang Ziheng , Suo Jie , Yang Xiaorui , Xue Shuping , Zhang Yingying , Li Hui , Cai Tingting
Published: July 2024

Efficient monitoring and recognition of movement are crucial in enhancing athletic performance. Traditional methods have limitations in terms of high site requirements and power consumption, making them unsuitable for long-term tracking and monitoring. A potential solution to low-power monitoring of body area networks is triboelectric sensors. However, the current analysis method for badminton triboelectric sensing data is relatively simple, while flexible, triboelectric sensors based on 3D printing face issues such as discomfort when joints are bent or twisted in a large range. In light of this, a flexible arch-shaped triboelectric sensor based on 3D printing (FA-Sensor) is proposed. By combining neural network algorithms with the signal acquisition module and the master computer, an intelligent multi-sensor node system for badminton monitoring is established. The FA-Sensor exhibits high sensitivity to bending and twisting motions due to its elastic TPE shell and arched shape design. It minimizes interference with human motion during bending (10°–150°) or twisting (20°–100°) over a wide range. The peak output voltage of the FA-Sensor demonstrates a clear functional relationship with the bending angle, exhibiting piecewise sensitivities of 7.98 and 29.28 mV/°, respectively. For seven different parts of the human body, it can be quickly customized to different sizes, with stable and repeatable response outputs. In application, the badminton sports monitoring system enables real-time feedback and recognition of four typical technical movements, achieving a recognition accuracy rate of 97.2%. The system enables athletes to analyze and enhance badminton technology while also exhibiting promising potential for application in other intelligent sports domains.
Evolution of fracture process zone and variation of crack propagation velocity in sandstone
Authors: Qiao Yang , Zhang Zong-Xian , Jiang Tian-qi , Shang Jun-long , Ozoji Toochukwu , Shen Xian-da
Published: July 2024

To solve the safe containment and recovery efficiencies of gas in rock masses, a study on fracture process zone (FPZ) and crack propagation is conducted. By using digital image correlation technology, the displacement of three-point bending specimens was measured. By analyzing the distributions of displacement at different loading stages, a specific region between the pre-crack tip and the loading point was divided into three zones: the intact zone, the crack propagation zone, and the FPZ. The length and the migration velocity of FPZ were determined, and the crack propagation velocity was also measured. The microstructures in FPZ were investigated through optical microscopy, x-ray diffraction analysis, and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The results show that (1) FPZ length slightly varies during crack propagation and the FPZ is fully formed at the peak load; (2) the average value of the bond energy (446.7 eV) in the grains is greater than that (296.7 eV) in the matrix, thus the microdamage appears in the matrix around grain boundaries in FPZ; (3) the mean FPZ length varies from 4.09 to 8.42 mm for all tested specimens during crack propagation; (4) the propagation of the crack and the migration of FPZ proceed simultaneously in the loading process, and both velocities of crack propagation and FPZ migration are almost the same and with the same trend; (5) the peak velocity of crack propagation appears after the peak load, and the crack propagation progress was intermittent due to fracture energy accumulation, fracture energy release, and FPZ's shielding effect.
Compressive stress–strain relationship and its variability of basalt fiber reinforced recycled aggregate concrete
Authors: Yu Yong , Zhou Lingzhu , Lin Lang
Published: July 2024

Basalt fiber reinforced recycled aggregate concrete (BFRAC) is a high-performance, environmentally friendly material that combines lightweight, high-strength fibers with low-carbon recycled aggregates (RAs), positioned for extensive use in building structures. However, research on its constitutive relationships is currently scarce, which partly restricts component design and analysis. In this context, the current study thoroughly explores the stress–strain relationship and variability of BFRAC under compression, using 240 cylinders for testing to investigate the influence of factors like coarse/fine RA sources, RA replacement rates, and fiber dosage. The study found that the addition of RAs and fibers reduced the workability of the mixture, particularly with the inclusion of fine RAs and short-cut fibers. Using coarse and fine RAs generally reduces the material’s elastic modulus, compressive strength, and post-peak ductility. Adding fibers can slightly improve compressive strength and peak strain, significantly reduce material brittleness, and have a minimal impact on elastic modulus. Importantly, the study noted that the pre-peak segment of the stress–strain curve of BFRAC is most sensitive to the addition of fine RAs, while the post-peak segment is most sensitive to fiber content. Despite this, using high-quality RAs up to 50% replacement and adding 0.4% by volume of fiber can make BFRAC with mechanical properties comparable to natural aggregate concrete. Based on the observed tests, this paper proposes constitutive relationships that incorporate skeleton curves and variability at different points for the compressive stress–strain behavior of BFRAC.