bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prospective analysis of circulating metabolites and breast cancer in EPIC
Authors: His Mathilde , Viallon Vivian , Dossus Laure , Gicquiau Audrey , Achaintre David , Scalbert Augustin , Ferrari Pietro , Romieu Isabelle , Onland-Moret N. Charlotte , Weiderpass Elisabete , Dahm Christina C. , Overvad Kim , Olsen Anja , Tjønneland Anne , Fournier Agnès , Rothwell Joseph A. , Severi Gianluca , Kühn Tilman , Fortner Renée T. , Boeing Heiner , Trichopoulou Antonia , Karakatsani Anna , Martimianaki Georgia , Masala Giovanna , Sieri Sabina , Tumino Rosario , Vineis Paolo , Panico Salvatore , van Gils Carla H. , Nøst Therese H. , Sandanger Torkjel M. , Skeie Guri , Quirós J. Ramón , Agudo Antonio , Sánchez Maria-Jose , Amiano Pilar , Huerta José María , Ardanaz Eva , Schmidt Julie A. , Travis Ruth C. , Riboli Elio , Tsilidis Konstantinos K. , Christakoudi Sofia , Gunter Marc J. , Rinaldi Sabina
Published: September 2019

Background

Metabolomics is a promising molecular tool to identify novel etiologic pathways leading to cancer. Using a targeted approach, we prospectively investigated the associations between metabolite concentrations in plasma and breast cancer risk.

Methods

A nested case-control study was established within the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer cohort, which included 1624 first primary incident invasive breast cancer cases (with known estrogen and progesterone receptor and HER2 status) and 1624 matched controls. Metabolites (n = 127, acylcarnitines, amino acids, biogenic amines, glycerophospholipids, hexose, sphingolipids) were measured by mass spectrometry in pre-diagnostic plasma samples and tested for associations with breast cancer incidence using multivariable conditional logistic regression.

Results

Among women not using hormones at baseline (n = 2248), and after control for multiple tests, concentrations of arginine (odds ratio [OR] per SD = 0.79, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.70–0.90), asparagine (OR = 0.83 (0.74–0.92)), and phosphatidylcholines (PCs) ae C36:3 (OR = 0.83 (0.76–0.90)), aa C36:3 (OR = 0.84 (0.77–0.93)), ae C34:2 (OR = 0.85 (0.78–0.94)), ae C36:2 (OR = 0.85 (0.78–0.88)), and ae C38:2 (OR = 0.84 (0.76–0.93)) were inversely associated with breast cancer risk, while the acylcarnitine C2 (OR = 1.23 (1.11–1.35)) was positively associated with disease risk. In the overall population, C2 (OR = 1.15 (1.06–1.24)) and PC ae C36:3 (OR = 0.88 (0.82–0.95)) were associated with risk of breast cancer, and these relationships did not differ by breast cancer subtype, age at diagnosis, fasting status, menopausal status, or adiposity.

Conclusions

These findings point to potentially novel pathways and biomarkers of breast cancer development. Results warrant replication in other epidemiological studies.
XPO1en bidezko garraio nukleozitoplasmikoa: oinarrizko mekanismoak eta hurbilketa esperimentalak
Authors: Sendino Maria , Olazabal-Herrero Anne , Rodriguez Jose Antonio , Omaetxebarria Miren Josu
Published: September 2019

Zelula eukariotoen nukleoa inguratzen duen mintzak zelularen bi konpartimentu nagusien (nukleoaren eta zitoplasmaren) arteko banaketa fisikoa ezartzen du. Bi konpartimentu horien arteko komunikazioa, etengabea izateaz gain, ezinbestekoa da zelularen homeostasia mantentzeko. komunikazio hori, nukleoaren mintzean zehar noranzko bietan izaten den molekula-mugikortasunak egikaritzen du. komunikazio horretan funtsezkoa den proteina bat dugu mintzagai honako artikuluan: XPO1 izeneko proteina, alegia. Nukleotik zitoplasmarako garraioan jarduten duen esportazio-hartzaile nagusia da XPO1, eta ehunka proteina eta zenbait RNA molekula esportatzen ditu. Artikulu honetan, garraio nukleozitoplasmikoaren mekanismo molekularrak deskribatzeaz gain, XPO1 esportazio-hartzailean zentratu gara, eta haren funtzioa aztertzeko erabili ohi diren hurbilketa esperimentalak jaso ditugu. Azken horien adibide gisa, berriki deskribatutako USP12/WDR20 konplexuaren kasua [1] aztertu dugu.
Introduction to the inaugural volume of Indiana Working Papers in South Asian Languages and Cultures (IWPSALC)
Authors: Berkson Kelly Harper , Lotven Samson Alexander , Wamsley James Christian
Published: September 2019

Welcome to the inaugural volume of IWPSALC. In creating this publication—inspired by progress reports like those published from 1965 through 1995 as the Haskins Laboratories Status Report on Speech Research—we seek to encourage scholars to publish discrete portions of their research while they work towards full papers. The papers included herein are a small sampling of the work that began in Spring 2018, work which will be presented at future conferences, be expanded for other publications, and serve as the basis for future dissertations. Since much of the research is still ongoing, in a sense this volume provides a sneak peek at things yet to come. Topics touched on range from the phonetic to the syntactic to the descriptive. Thank you for picking up this volume and showing interest. We hope the contents are of interest and we look forward to future conversations.
School-day Classroom-based Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior
Authors: Calvert Hannah G. , Turner Lindsey
Published: September 2019

Objective: Many school-aged children do not meet the daily minimum recommendations for accruing moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), and spend much of their day sedentary. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of teacher-delivered classroom-based
physical activity (CBPA) on students' MVPA and sedentary behaviors. Methods: Participants included 157 students across 7 classrooms and 500 student-days of observation. Students wore accelerometers for one week during fall of 2017, and teachers recorded their CBPA offerings daily. Minutes
of scheduled recess and physical education (PE) also were recorded. Results: Overall, students spent the majority of the school day engaged in sedentary behavior, and accrued an average of 20 and 28 minutes of MVPA on non-PE and PE days, respectively. Students did not engage in lengthy
bouts of sedentary behavior, and spent approximately 30 minutes each day in sedentary bouts. Mixed-effects regression analyses revealed that offering any CBPA was associated with greater percent time in MVPA and less in sedentary behavior. Conclusion: CBPA is an important contributor
to the 30 minutes of school-day MVPA that students should accrue, especially since PE and recess are often not sufficient..
Adolescent Suicide among Secondary School Students: Correlates of Risks
Authors: Haff Darlene , Meuris Jo , Hignite Lance
Published: September 2019

Objective: We examined adolescent suicide risks using the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's (CDC) Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance Survey (YRBS). Methods: Suicide risk variables were analyzed individually and as a composite measure. Ten correlates were dichotomized
for analyses: sex, sexual identity, forced sex, unsafe at school, current cigarette use, current alcohol use, weight perceptions, academic grades, hours of sleep, and hours on computer. Results: Analysis of variance (ANOVA) results for the suicide index indicated that only weight perception
was not statistically significant. Logistic regression analyzed multivariate effects on disaggregated index items. For sad/hopeless and consider suicide, all correlates were statistically significant. For suicide planning, only weight perception was not statistically significant. Finally,
for attempt suicide, neither weight perceptions nor computer use was statistically significant for younger students; all variables were statistically significant for older students. Conclusions: Certain suicide risk factors are predictive across grade levels and some are specific to
older versus younger cohorts. Parents, teachers, and school administrators can reinforce each other by encouraging relevant/sensitive education efforts. Future prevention/intervention programs should be mindful of the particular demographics of intended audience, who must see the utility of
efforts relative to their own needs and values.
Optimization of the Ratio of ω-6 Linoleic and ω-3 α-Linolenic Fatty Acids of Hemp Seed Oil with Jackknife and Bootstrap Resampling
Authors: Devi Vibha , Khanam Shabina
Published: September 2019

In the present work, supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) of hemp (Cannabis sativa) seed oil at various ranges of SFE parameters is performed. These parameters and respective ranges are temperature (40–80) °C, pressure (200–350) bar, solvent (CO2) flow rate (5–15) g/min, particle size (0.43–1.02) mm and amount of co-solvent (ethanol) (0–10) % of solvent flow rate. Central composite design (CCD) suggests 32 experimental runs to perform through SFE. The obtained oil is analysed through gas chromatography to identify its fatty acids concentrations. The ratio of ω-6 linoleic and ω-3 α-linolenic fatty acids (ω-6/ω-3) is optimized through CCD to obtain the desired amount of 3:1 as this ratio is highly preferred for various health benefits. Ratio of ω-6/ω-3 is obtained in the range from 2.11 to 3.06:1 for all experimental runs. The effect of SFE parameters on this ratio is investigated. Further, cross-validation is peformed on the experimental data obtained for the concentrations of both fatty acids by jackknife and bootstrap resampling to authenticate the obtained data. Small value of standard deviation (~1), less standard error of the mean (SEM) (<0.8) and less variance coefficient (<0.11) confirms the validity of the obtained data. All the estimators’ values such as standard deviation, variance coefficients and SEM are observed in 95 % of confidence intervals.
Eine Neukonstruktion des Mattauch-Herzog'schen doppelfokussierenden Massenspektrographen
Authors: Ewald Heinz
Published: September 2019

Es wurde eine Neukonstruktion des doppelfokussierenden Mattauch - Herzo gsehen Massenspektrographen für Präzisions-Massenbestimmungen ausgeführt und erprobt. Angestrebt wurden hierbei besonders eine stabile und exakte mechanische Ausführung, vollkommene Justiereinrichtungen und eine gute Vakuumsicherheit. Die Einzelheiten der Konstruktion werden beschrieben. Mit dieser Apparatur wurden die Massendifferenzen 12CH-13C und 12CH3
-15N zu (44,10 ± 0,08) . 10-4 bzw. (233,17 ± 0,15) . 10-4 ME bestimmt. Daraus ergeben sich die Massen i3C = 13,007581 ± 0,000025 ME und " N = 15,004934 ± 0,000030 ME
Die Aktivierung der seltenen Erden durch thermische Neutronen I
Authors: Bothe Walther
Published: September 2019

Die Aktivitäten, die mit thermischen Neutronen in Thulium, Ytterbium und Cassiopeium erhalten wurden, und ihre Kennzeichen sind in folgender Tabelle zusammengestellt:

[xxx]

Die kernphysikalische Stoffanalyse wird sicherer und einfacher, wenn man außer dem zeitlichen Aktivitätsverlauf auch die Absorption der Strahlen verfolgt. Für die Ermittlung eines kleinen Tm- oder Cp-Gehalts werden Beispiele gebracht.
Zur Konstitution der Hefenucleinsäure
Authors: Schramm Gerhard , Bergold Gernot , Flammersfeld Heinrich
Published: September 2019

Abstrakt

Von Hefenucleinsäuren verschiedenen Ursprungs werden die Diffusionskonstanten und bei einigen auch die Sedimentationskonstanten in der Ultrazentrifuge gemessen. Hieraus werden die Molekulargewichte und die Formkonstanten der Nucleinsäuren ermittelt.

Um die Verknüpfungsart der Mononucleotide in der Hefenucleinsäure festzustellen, wird Hefenucleinsäure mit kristallisierter Ribonuclease gespalten. Bei maximaler Spaltung mit diesem Enzym entsteht nur ein freies Säureäquivalent auf je 4 Phosphoratome. Werden die mit Ribonuclease erhaltenen Spaltstücke mit „Nucleophosphatase" aus Dünndarmschleimhaut behandelt, so werden die restlichen 3 Säureäquivalente erfaßt, was einer vollständigen Spaltung in freie Mononucleotide entsprechen würde.

Die Diffusionskonstante der mit Ribonuclease erhaltenen Spaltstücke w i r d gemessen. Es ergibt sich nicht der für ein Tetranucleotid erwartete Wert, sondern der eines Mononucleotids. Das Gemisch der Spaltstücke wird weiterhin elektrophoretisch untersucht.

Zur Deutung der gewonnenen Ergebnisse wird angenommen, daß die Verknüpfung der Mononucleotide untereinander durch Ribonuclease in gleicher Weise gespalten, aber bei einem Teil der entstehenden Mononucleotide die Phosphorsäuregruppe innermolekular verestert wird. Entgegen den bisherigen Anschauungen ergibt sich jedenfalls aus der Spaltung der Hefenucleinsäuren mit Ribonuclease kein Hinweis darauf, daß in ihr besondere Tetranucleotide vorgebildet sind.
Über die Umsetzung von Formaldehyd mit Cyclohexen und zur Kenntnis des Hexahydrosaligenins (II. Mitteilung)
Authors: Olsen Sigurd
Published: September 2019

Im Rahmen einer Untersuchung über die Partialgleichgewichte der Formaldehyd- Cyclohexen - Umsetzung wurden das Cyclohexylacetat und das Formaldehyd-dicyclohexylacetal mit Formaldehyd, Eisessig und Schwefelsäure zur Reaktion gebracht. In beiden Fällen entstehen die gleichen Reaktionsprodukte wie bei der direkten Umsetzung des Cyclohexens. - Wie das Hexahydrosaligenin-formaldehydacetal (Methylenäther) lassen sich auch andere cyclische Acetale des Hexahydrosaligenins durch die Eisessig- Schwefelsäure-Spaltung in das Hexahydrosaligenin-diacetat überführen. - Durch eine thermische Essigsäureabspaltung erhält man aus Hexahydrosaligenin-diacetat Tetrahydrobenzylacetat, aus Hexabydropbthalanylacetat Tetrahydrophthalan.
Über die anodische Oxydation des Formaldehyds in alkalischer Lösung
Authors: Hoyer Herbert
Published: September 2019

Es wird der Nachweis geführt, daß der bei der Elektrolyse formaldehydhaltiger alkalischer Lösungen anodisch entwickelte Wasserstoff ausschließlich aus CH-Bindungen stammt. Zu diesem Zweck wurde eine Lösung von schwerer Natronlauge NaOD (0,79-n.), die in bezug auf leichten Formaldehyd HCHO 10,6-proz. war, elektrolysiert und der anodische Wasserstoff mit einer Wärmeleitfähigkeitsmethode auf seine Isotopenzusammensetzung hin analysiert. Dabei wurde gefunden, daß an der Anode ausschließlich leichter Wasserstoff auftrat.
Die Kettenlängenabhängigkeit des Volumens, des Ausdehnungskoeffizienten und der Einfriertemperatur von fraktionierten Polystyrolen
Authors: Ueberreiter Kurt , Kanig Gerhard
Published: September 2019

1. Styrol wird ohne Katalysator thermisch bei 200° und 300° C polymerisiert. Aus beiden Stoffen werden 18 Fraktionen vom Polymerisationsgrad 2-900 rein dargestellt.

2. Von allen Fraktionen werden V-T-Kurven unterhalb und

3. Es werden aus den Volumenkurven empirische Beziehungen gewonnen und theoretisch gedeutet.

4. Alle Fraktionen haben am abs. Nullpunkt das gleiche extrapolierte Flüssigkeitsvolumen.

5. Das Volumen eines Polymeren wird additiv aus den Partialvolumina seiner End- und Mittelglieder zusammengestzt und daraus die spezif. Volumina und die Ausdehnungskoeffizienten in Abhängigkeit vom Molekulargewicht und der Temperatur berechnet.

6. Es wird ein Einfrierdiagramm des Systems Polystyrol, aufgebaut aus Mittel-und Endgliedern, gegeben.

7. Die unterschiedlichen partiellen thermischen Ausdehnungskoeffizienten von End- und Mittelgliedern und die Kettenlängenabhängigkeit der Einfriertemperatur werden erklärt.

8. Als Übergangsbereich vom niedrigmolekularen zum hochmolekularen Verhalten wird die Kettenlänge 17 als mathematisch leicht festlegbarer Wert gefunden.
Analysis of Spin Polarisation Transients in Periodically Photo-excited Triplet States
Authors: Winscom C. J.
Published: September 2019

The behaviour of spin sublevel populations with time following periodic photo-excitation is ex-amined. The treatment is limited to conditions of magnetic field strength and temperature for which the spin lattice relaxation rates dominate the individual spin sublevel decay rates.

The response of the system to three modes of excitation is considered: (i) continuous excitation using a time-independent intensity (ii) periodic rectangular pulse excitation and (iii) periodic waveform excitation.

A convenient correspondence between the various forms of solutions is pointed out. The requirements of an experiment to determine spin-lattice relaxation rates in organic triplets at 77 K are discussed.
Direct Determination of the Anisotropy of the Magnetic Susceptibility in Smectic Liquid Crystals
Authors: Illian G. , Kneppe H. , Schneider F.
Published: September 2019

A sample of an aligned smectic liquid crystal, suspended in a magnetic field, can be excited to oscillations. Measurement of the oscillation period allows a direct determination of the anisotropy of the magnetic susceptibility. Liquid crystals exhibiting the phase sequence isotropicnematic- smectic A can be aligned very well and precise y.A values can be determined. A direct transformation from the isotropic to the smectic phase or phase transitions between smectic phases can cause an incomplete alignment of the liquid crystal and worse results.
Computer-Based Counseling Program (CARE+ Kenya) to Promote Prevention and HIV Health for People Living With HIV/AIDS: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Kurth Ann E. , Sidle John E. , Chhun Nok , Lizcano John A. , Macharia Stephen M. , Garcia Meghan M. , Mwangi Ann , Keter Alfred , Siika Abraham M.
Published: September 2019

In countries experiencing the dual burden of HIV disease and health care worker shortages, information and communication technology tools offer the potential to help support HIV treatment adherence and secondary HIV transmission risk reduction for people living with HIV/AIDS. We conducted a randomized controlled trial (September 1, 2011–July 12, 2012) with follow-up through April 2013. Participants were recruited from two clinics affiliated with the Academic Model Providing Access to Healthcare program in western Kenya. A total of 236 participants were enrolled, randomly assigned to intervention (n = 118) or risk-assessment only control (n = 118) and followed up for 9 months. Both arms had > 0.5 log10 reduction in viral load over time (p = .0007), a clinically relevant finding. A computer-based counseling tool is feasible and acceptable in a high-volume East African HIV setting and provides evidence-based ART adherence and risk reduction support that may extend health workforce deficits.
The prevalence of pathogenic forms of Leptospira in natural populations of small wild mammals in Serbia
Authors: Blagojević Jelena , Šekler Milanko , Rajičić Marija , Pejić Branka , Budinski Ivana , Jovanović Vladimir M. , Adnađević Tanja , Vidanović Dejan , Matović Kazimir , Vujošević Mladen
Published: September 2019

The greatest epidemiological significance of leptospirosis in Europe comes from the fact that it is the most widespread zoonosis in the world. However, epizootiological data, especially information on maintenance hosts such as small wild mammals, are largely missing. To fill this gap in data in Serbia, we used RT-PCR for the detection of pathogenic Leptospira species and analysed 107 animals belonging to six species of small wild mammals (Apodemus agrarius, Apodemus flavicollis, Microtus arvalis, Myodes glareolus, Microtus subterraneus and Sorex araneus) collected from two localities. The animals from the first locality that was situated in a tourist area, were collected for four consecutive years (2014–2017). We found persistent incidence of infection from year to year ranging from 6.67% to 78.57%. The average frequency of infected animals was 33.3% with the highest frequency in 2014, the year characterised by a very high number of flooding days. All animals proved to be infected with pathogenic Leptospira species that were collected from the second locality situated in an agricultural area in a single year, 2014. The findings show a variable but constant presence of pathogenic Leptospira species in populations of small wild mammals in the studied areas, which indicates the need for constant monitoring.
Changes in the values of two ultrasound-examined teat parameters during the dry period in dairy cows
Authors: Tóth Tamás , Abonyi-Tóth Zsolt , Pajor Ferenc , Kocsis Róbert , Juhász Alexandra , Tőzsér János , Póti Péter
Published: September 2019

The length of the streak canal and the area of the teat end were studied by ultrasound during the dry period in 40 Holstein-Friesian cows. In the first week, the values of these teat parameters decreased significantly (P < 0.05) and this did not change significantly until the middle of the dry period. In the last month of gestation, the length of the streak canal was significantly reduced (P < 0.05), while the area of the teat end did not decrease significantly (P > 0.05). At each of the five examination times, a very strong positive correlation (r = 0.85-0.94) was found between the two teat parameters. In healthy cows, the streak canal and the area of teat end, both of which are part of the udder’s defence system, can regenerate sufficiently during the dry period, minimising the risk of contamination through the streak canal and the development of mastitis. If the regeneration of this defence system fails, the chances of infection through the streak canal increase.
Detection and first molecular characterisation of three picornaviruses from diarrhoeic calves in Turkey
Authors: Işidan Hakan , Turan Turhan , Atasoy Mustafa Ozan , Sözdutmaz Ibrahim , Irehan Bünyamin
Published: September 2019

The involvement of picornaviruses in calf diarrhoea was evaluated by the analysis of 127 faecal samples collected from diarrhoeic calves during 2014–2016. Virus detections were carried out by PCR using generic or specific primer pairs. One-third of the faecal samples (33.86%) were found to be positive for one or more of the studied viruses. Bovine kobuvirus was detected in 22.83%, bovine hungarovirus in 11.02%, while bovine enterovirus 1 in 5.51% of the samples. The sequences of the PCR products indicated the existence of novel variants in all the three virus species. When comparing the partial sequences, the nucleotide sequence identities between our newly detected viruses and those previously deposited to the GenBank ranged between 76 and 99%. Phylogenetic analyses revealed a novel lineage within the species Hunnivirus A. Our findings suggest that these viruses should be regarded as possible aetiological agents of calf diarrhoea. Based on the newly determined sequences, we designed and tested a new generic PCR primer set for the more reliable detection of bovine hungaroviruses. This is the first report on the molecular detection of the presence of bovine hungarovirus, bovine kobuvirus and bovine enterovirus 1 in the faecal samples of diarrhoeic calves in Turkey.
On Anti-Kähler manifolds with complex semi-symmetric metric $F-$connection
Authors: KARAMAN Çağrı , GEZER Aydın
Published: September 2019

In this paper, we construct a complex semi-symmetric metric $F$-connection on an anti-Kähler manifold. First, we present some results concerning the torsion tensor of the complex semi-symmetric metric $F$-connection. Finally, we find expressions of the curvature tensor, the conharmonic curvature tensor and the Weyl projective curvature tensor of such connection, and study their properties.
Oxidizable fractions of soil organic carbon in Caatinga forest submitted to different forest managements
Authors: Batista Suellen Gomes Monteiro , Barreto-Garcia Patrícia Anjos Bittencourt , Paula Alessandro de , Miguel Divino Levi , Batista Willyan Charles Amaral
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACT: One of the main alternatives for the rational exploitation of the Caatinga biome’s natural resources is sustainable forest management. Soil organic carbon (SOC) and its fractions can be used to evaluate the conservation status of forest ecosystems after anthropic interventions. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the short-term effect of different forest management practices on the distribution of SOC fractions in the Caatinga area located in Contendas do Sincorá National Forest (BA). Three forest management practices (clear cutting, selective cutting by diameter and selective cutting by species) were evaluated, using the unmanaged Caatinga as a control. Soil samples were collected at the 0-10cm depth. The SOC was fractionated into four fractions (F1’, F1, F2 and F3), adopting the chemical wet oxidation method based on increasing degrees of oxidation. The forest management caused a short-term change in the oxidizable fraction distribution of the SOC, which was reflected by a reduction of the most labile fractions.
Contribuição ao conhecimento de Couma macrocarpa Barb. Rodr. e C. utilis (Mart.) M. Arg. (Apocynaceae) da Amazônia
Authors: Albuquerque Byron W. P. de
Published: September 2019

Sinopse Informações gerais e anátomo-foliares sobre 2 Couma são apresentados neste trabalho, acompanhadas de 4 figuras.
Triatomíneos da Amazônia III. ()
Authors: Almeida Flávio Barbosa de , Santos Elcy Israel , Sposina Gigio
Published: September 2019

Sinopse É descrita com ilustrações, a fêmea do Rhodnius amazonicus sp. n., baseados em um único exemplar capturado em Manaus, Amazonas, Brasil. A nova espécie foi comparada com a espécie mais próxima, Rhodnius pictipes, proveniente do mesmo Estado.
Diagnóstico da realidade alimentar e nutricional do Estado do Amazonas, 1978
Authors: Giugliano Rodolfo , Shrimpton Roger , Arkcoil David B. , Giugliano Loreny G. , Petrere Jr. Miguel
Published: September 2019

RESUMO O diagnóstico da situação alimentar e nutricional do Estado do Amazonas foi analisado baseado em dados do área de saúde, padrões alimentares, consumo e produção de alimentos e a ocorrência e tipos de mal nutrição. Concluiu-se que o situação sanitária no Estado é precária, com alta freqüência de doenças gastro-intestinais associadas com desnutrição proteico-calóríca e anemia, A dieta parece deficiente em vitamina A e B devido principalmente ao baixo consumo de verduras e legumes. A produção de aumentos está estagnada com aumento das importações. Essas conclusões são discutidas e recomendações são feitos.
Notas adicionais à Heliconia tarumaensis Barreiros.
Authors: Silva Marlene Freitas da
Published: September 2019

Resumo Heliconia tarumaensis, descrita originalmente por Barreiros (1976), baseado em material herborizado bastante deficiente, não mostra as características morfológicas reais da espécie, quase que em sua totalidade. Analisando tais divergências, a autora decidiu complementar a descrição e apresentar um desenho da espécie, para melhor reconhecimento do "taxon".
Rethinking Representation: Representative Claims in Global Perspective
Authors: Guasti Petra , Geissel Brigitte
Published: September 2019

The established notion of political representation is challenged on multiple accounts—theoretically, conceptually, and empirically. The contributions to this thematic issue explore the constructivist turn as the means for rethinking political representation today around the world. The articles included here seek to reconsider representation by theoretically and empirically reassessing how representation is conceptualized, claimed and performed—in Western and non-Western contexts. In recognition that democratic representation in Western countries is in a process of fundamental transformation and that non-Western countries no longer aim at replicating established Western models, we look for representation around the world—specifically in: Belgium, Brazil, France, Germany, China, and India. This enables us to advance the study of representative democracy from a global perspective. We show the limits and gaps in the constructivist literature and the benefits of theory-driven empirical research. Finally, we provide conceptual tools and frameworks for the (comparative) study of claims of representation.
Anxiety and Depression among nurses working in a tertiary care hospital in South India
Authors: Shajan Ashley , Nisha Catherin
Published: September 2019

Background: Nursing binds human society with a bond of care and affection. Nurses are often the first healthcare professional that patients meet. Quality of care for patients is strongly linked to the performance of the nursing staff. If the mental health status of these nurses is troubled, then they will not be able to give their full attention to this demanding task. Nowadays, all efforts to fight health workers’ illnesses are extremely important. This descriptive cross-sectional study will give us knowledge regarding the anxiety and depression status among nurses and give the nursing staff an opportunity to express their difficulty in professional life working in a tertiary care hospital in South India. Objective of this study was conducted to assess the prevalence of anxiety and depression among nurses working in a tertiary care hospital and to assess the correlation between various factors influencing the level of anxiety and depression among nurses.Methods: Nurses were selected by simple random sampling till the sample size was obtained. A standardised questionnaire was handed over to the participants to collect relevant data and was assessed by Hospital Anxiety and Depression Score (HADS) and analysed using SPSS software.Results: The participants consist of 120 nurses. The study gives frequencies of nurses with anxiety as 48(40%) and depression as 43(35.8%). There does not exist any significant correlation of anxiety and depression with various factors influencing them.Conclusions: Anxiety and depression levels are increased in the younger and less experienced nurses. Thereafter, interventions can be planned to improve the quality of work-life of nurses that can improve patient care and in turn benefit the society.
Adherence of Option B+ prevention of mother-to-child transmission program and its associated factors among pregnant and lactating mothers in public health facilities of East Gojjam zone, Amhara region, Ethiopia, 2017
Authors: Demelash Yezina , Abebe Nurilign , Sharew Yewbmirt , Mehare Tsegaye
Published: September 2019

Background: Adherence of antiretroviral treatment (ART) among women on prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) program is a central component to reduce viral loads and achieve elimination of mother to child transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) to Ethiopia. Option B+ PMTCT program is a recently introduced approach to eliminate new HIV infection among child. There is limited evidence on the drug adherence of women on ART in the Option B+ strategy. The aim was to assess adherence of Option B+ PMTCT drug and its associated factors among pregnant & lactating mothers in health facilities of East Gojjam zone, Amhara, Ethiopia, 2017.

Methods: Institution based cross-sectional study design was conducted from randomly selected three public health facilities in East Gojjam zone. Data was entered in to Epi data 3.1 and cleared then transferred to SPSS version 20 for analysis. To assess the associated factors, logistic regression model was employed. A p value <0.05 was considered statistically significant.  

Results: Adherence on Option B+ PMTCT drug was 75%. The likelihood of being adherence found to be significant association with the following variables: Mother’s educational status (AOR=2.03; 95%CI: 1.465, 8.918), partner occupation (AOR=4.73; 95%CI: 1.12, 19.87), time to reach to health facility (AOR=0.21; 95%CI: 0.05, 0.824), and maternal HIV knowledge (AOR=0.13; 95%CI: 0.03, 0.44).
Conclusions: Adherence to Option B+ PMTCT drug in East Gojjam zone, Amhara region was low compared to the national goal. Effort should be made both governmentally as well as non- governmentally to advance the knowledge about Option B+ PMTCT program so as to improve the long term maternal and child health.
PHONOLOGICAL VARIATION OF PASAR KLIWON ARABIC DIALECT SURAKARTA
Authors: Al Aziiz Arief Nur Rahman , Ridwan Muhammad
Published: September 2019

This article studies about sound variation sand sound change in Arabic dialect Pasar Kliwon. The data searching use observe (simak) and conversation (cakap) method. The technique of data searching is record (rekam) and register (catat). The data searching refers to question list from 120 swadesh vocabularies. Data analysis used padan method and depends on informan’s speech organ. The analysis research use sound change theory according to Crowley (1992) and Muslich (2012). The vowel sound in Arabic dialect Pasar Kliwon divided by two kinds: short vowel sound and long vowel sound. There are twenty sevenconsonant sounds and divided by seven kinds: plosive, fricative, affricative, liquid, voiced, voiceless, and velariation sound. The sound variation of semi-vowel is wawu and ya>’. The vowel sound change divided by four kinds: lenition, anaptycsis, apocope, metathesis. The consonant sound change divided by four kinds:  lenition, anaptycsis, apocope, and sincope.The diftong sound change is monoftongitation.
Microorganisms involved in Deep Neck Infection (DNIs) in Greece: detection, identification and susceptibility to antimicrobials
Authors: Beka Despoina , Lachanas Vasileios A. , Doumas Stergios , Xytsas Stelios , Kanatas Anastasios , Petinaki Efi , Skoulakis Charalampos E.
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACT
Background
To determine, from October 2010 to October 2018, the epidemiology of Deep Neck Infections (DNIs), regarding the detection, the identification and the susceptibility to antimicrobials of causative microorganisms, in Thessaly-Central Greece.
Methods
An analysis of data from a prospective database was conducted on 610 consecutive patients with DNIs treated in the Otolaryngology / Head & Neck Surgery Department of University Hospital of Larissa. Demographics, clinical features and microbiological data were analyzed.
Results
Among the 610 patients (1,9/1 male to female ratio, mean age: 39,24±17,25) with DNIs, 584 had a single space (95,7%), while the remaining had a multi-space (4,3%) DNI. The most common areas affected were the peritonsillar space (84,6%) followed by the submandibular space (6,5%). Clinical samples were obtained from 462 patients, and were tested by culture and by the application of 16S rRNA PCR. Two hundred fifty-five samples (55,2%) gave positive cultures, in which Streptococcus pyogenes and Staphylococcus aureus were predominant. The application of the 16S rRNA PCR revealed that 183 samples (39,6%) were positive for bacterial DNA; 22 of them, culture negative, were found to be positive for anaerobic ( Fusobacterium necrophorum, Actinomyces israellii etc) and for fastidious microorganisms ( Brucella mellitensis, Mycobacterium avium ).
Conclusion
DNIs represent a medical and surgical emergency and evidence-guided empirical treatment with intravenous infusion of antibiotics at the time of diagnosis is mandatory, highlighting the importance of epidemiological studies regarding the causative microorganisms. Although, in our study, the predominant pathogens were S. pyogenes and S. aureus, the combination of culture and molecular assay revealed that anaerobic bacteria play also a significant role in the pathogenesis of DNIs.
Comparative transcriptomics of Gymnosporangium spp. teliospores reveals a conserved genetic program at this specific stage of the rust fungal life cycle
Authors: Tao Si-Qi , Cao Bin , Morin Emmanuelle , Liang Ying-Mei , Duplessis Sébastien
Published: September 2019

Background: Gymnosporangium spp. are fungal plant pathogens causing rust disease and most of them are known to infect two different host plants (heteroecious) with four spore stages (demicyclic). In the present study, we sequenced the transcriptome of

G. japonicum teliospores on its host plant Juniperus chinensis and we performed comparison to the transcriptomes of G. yamadae and G. asiaticum at the same life stage, that happens in the same host but on different organs.
Results: Functional annotation for the three Gymnosporangium species showed the expression of a conserved genetic program with the top abundant cellular categories corresponding to energy, translation and signal transduction processes, indicating that this life stage is particularly active. Moreover, the survey of predicted secretomes in the three Gymnosporangium transcriptomes revealed shared and specific genes encoding carbohydrate active enzymes and secreted proteins of unknown function that could represent candidate pathogenesis effectors. A transcript encoding a hemicellulase of the glycoside hydrolase 26 family, previously identified in other rust fungi, was particularly highly expressed suggesting a general role in rust fungi. The comparison between the transcriptomes of the three Gymnosporangium spp. and selected Pucciniales species in different taxonomical families allowed to identify lineage-specific protein families that may relate to the biology of teliospores in rust fungi. Among clustered gene families, 205, 200 and 152 proteins were specifically identified in G. japonicum , G. yamadae and G. asiaticum , respectively, including candidate effectors expressed in teliospores.
Conclusions: This comprehensive comparative transcriptomics study of three Gymnosporangium spp. identified gene functions and metabolic pathways particularly expressed in teliospores, a stage of the life cycle that is mostly overlooked in rust fungi. Secreted protein encoding transcripts expressed in teliospores may reveal new candidate effectors related to pathogenesis. Although this spore stage is not involved in host plant infection but in the production of basidiospores infecting plants in the Amygdaloideae, we speculate that candidate effectors may be expressed as early as the teliospore stage for preparing further infection by basidiospores.
ACUPOINT TRANSCUTANEOUS ELECTRICAL NERVE STIMULATION IN HOSPITALIZED COPD PATIENTS WITH SEVERE DYSPNOEA: STUDY PROTOCOL FOR A RANDOMIZED CONTROLED TRIAL
Authors: Fernández Carles , Vilaró Jordi
Published: September 2019

Background Acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) is a major cause of hospital admissions and dyspnoea is its main symptom. Some studies have concluded that a new modality of acupuncture called Acupuncture transcutaneous nerve stimulation (acuTENS) could reduce dyspnoea in COPD patients by increasing beta-endorphin levels, however those trials have mainly been conducted on patients with stable condition. This study aims to determinate if the administration of acuTENS can reduce dyspnoea in patients hospitalized for AECOPD. Methods A multicentric randomized control trial with patient- and assessor-blinded will be conducted. A sample of 60 patients will be randomised to receive 45 minutes of either real acuTENS or sham acuTENS treatment once a day during 5 consecutive days. The trial will be conducted at the “Hospital del Mar” of Barcelona (Spain) and the “Hospital Sant Joan de Déu de Manresa” in Manresa (Spain). The Borg scale at baseline, and day 1 to 5 will be the primary outcome. Secondary outcomes will be the duration of the hospitalization, quantity of drugs administrated, expiratory peck flow adverse effects and mortality and readmissions at 3 months. Discussion AcuTENS is non-pharmacological, non-invasive and cheap intervention. This trial will help to understand acuTENS potential role in the treatment of AECOPD.
REPEATED HIGH BLOOD PRESSURE AT 6 AND 11 YEARS AT THE PELOTAS 2004 BIRTH COHORT STUDY
Authors: Guttier Marilia Cruz , Barcelos Raquel Siqueira , Ferreira Rodrigo Wiltgen , Bortolotto Caroline Cardozo , Dartora William , Schmidt Mari Inês , Matijasevich Alicia , Tovo-Rodrigues Luciana , Santos Iná S.
Published: September 2019

Background: We evaluated the prevalence and the factors associated with repeated high systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) at 6- and 11-year follow-ups of children from the Pelotas (Brazil) 2004 Birth Cohort.
Methods: All live births to mothers living in the urban area of Pelotas were enrolled in the cohort. Blood pressure (BP) values were transformed into Z-scores by sex, age, and height. High SBP and DBP were defined as repeated systolic and diastolic BP Z-scores on the ≥95 th percentile at the two follow-ups. Prevalence (95% confidence interval) of repeated high SBP, DBP, and both (SDBP) were calculated. Associations with maternal and child characteristics were explored in crude and adjusted logistic regression analyses. Results: A total of 3,182 cohort participants were analyzed. Prevalence of repeated high SBP, DBP and SDBP was 1.7% (1.2-2.1%), 2.3% (1.8-2.9%) and 1.2% (0.9-1.6%), respectively. Repeated high SBP was associated with males, gestational diabetes mellitus (2.92; 1.13-7.58) and obesity at 11 years (2.44; 1.29-4.59); while repeated high DBP was associated with females, family history of hypertension from both sides (3.95; 1.59-9.85) and gestational age <34 weeks (4.08; 1.52-10.96). Repeated high SDBP was not associated with any of the characteristics investigated . Conclusion: Prevalence of repeated high SBP, DBP, and SDBP were within the expected distribution at the population level. Nonetheless, gestational diabetes mellitus, obesity, family history of hypertension, and prematurity increased the risk of repeated high blood pressure measured at two occasions five years apart.
A prospective risk assessment of the implementation of a Schistosomiasis Preventive Mass Drug Administration for children aged five years and below in the uMkhanyakude District of KwaZulu-Natal.
Authors: Ncube Mhlengi Vella , Chimbari Moses John
Published: September 2019

Background Schistosomiasis is endemic in the uMkhanyakude district of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. The South Africa Department of Health (DoH) has decided to implement a schistosomiasis preventive mass drug administration program in all affected parts of the country. Quality management is part of the strategic objectives of the treatment program. We conducted a risk assessment and developed guidelines for the quality management of a schistosomiasis preventive treatment program for children aged five years and below in the uMkhanyakude District of KwaZulu-Natal. Methods We conducted a scenario planning exercise by interviewing 10 child health experts from the uMKhanyakude Health District to establish potential risks associated with a planned schistosomiasis preventive control treatment program for children aged five years old and below. The risks were analyzed using a modified Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA). An FMEA table was produced to guide the quality management of the planned schistosomiasis preventive control treatment program for children aged five years and below in the uMkhanyakude Health District. Results We identified potential risks, failure modes and possible failure corrective/preventive measures in the following activities that would be part of the mass treatment of children aged five years and below infected with schistosomiasis in the uMkhanyakude District. These included enrolment of children into the treatment program; general health checks; weight and height measurements; administration of drugs; reporting of side effects and monitoring and evaluation. Conclusion We were able to use FMEA guide quality management and identify potential risks associated with the planned schistosomiasis preventive treatment program for children aged five years old and below in the uMkhanyakude District of KwaZulu-Natal. The FMEA for this program will be useful to the quality management of schistosomiasis preventive treatment programs for this age group in other similar settings.
Annual Alveolar Bone Loss in Older Adults Taking Oral Bisphosphonate: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Helmi Mohammad , AlOsaimy Sara , Goodson J. Max , Hasturk Hatice , Natto Zuhair S.
Published: September 2019

Background: Although several studies assessed the effect of bisphosphonate (BIS) administration on alveolar bone loss, this relationship has not been fully investigated using longitudinal analysis. The aim of the this article is to predict annual alveolar bone loss in a subpopulation of older adults patients who were taking oral bisphosphonate (BIS), adjusting for systemic diseases and associated risk factors. Methods: This is a retrospective cohort study. We identified all subjects who reported receiving oral bisphosphonate from 2008–2015 (N=30) using the electronic health records of each patient to identify suitable radiographs for analysis. For the longitudinal data analysis, 26 subjects were eligible for inclusion, having at least two exposures of the complete mouth set or repeated bitewing radiographs at at least a one-year interval; they were then matched on age and sex to another 26 patients who did not report receiving bisphosphonate at any point of their life. Results: Mild periodontitis was higher in the BIS group compared to the no BIS group; however, moderate periodontitis was higher in the no BIS group. For those who did not take oral BIS, change over time was not significant after the two-year period. However, the BIS group had experienced 0.088 mm more bone loss compared to the no BIS group (95% CI: 0.001, 0.176. P-value = 0.048), adjusting for all other variables included in the model. Conclusion: The group that reported receiving oral bisphosphonates showed no improvement in maintaining alveolar bone level, and the use of oral BIS may not be effective in reducing annual alveolar bone loss; however, emerging evidence is promising for the use of bisphosphonate as an adjunctive local delivery medication for the management of periodontal diseases.
Fossil amber reveals springtails’ longstanding dispersal by social insects
Authors: Robin Ninon , D'Haese Cyrille , Barden Phillip
Published: September 2019

Background: Dispersal is essential for terrestrial organisms living in disjunct habitats and constitutes a significant challenge for the evolution of wingless taxa. Springtails (Collembola), the sister-group of all insects (with Diplura), are reported since the Lower Devonian and are thought to have originally been subterranean. The order Symphypleona is reported since the early Cretaceous with genera distributed on every continent. This distribution implies an ability to disperse over oceans, however symphypleonan Collembola have never been reported in marine water contrary to other springtail orders. Despite being highly widespread, modern springtails are rarely reported in any kind of biotic association. Interestingly, the fossil record has provided occasional occurrences of Symphypleona attached by the antennae onto the bodies of larger arthropods.
Results: Here, we document the case of a ~16 Ma old fossil association: a winged termite and ant displaying not some, but 25 springtails attached or in close proximity to the body. The collembola exhibit rare features for fossils, reflecting their courtship and phoretic behaviours. By observing the modes of attachment of springtails on different arthropods, the sex representation and ratios in springtail antennal anatomies in new and previously reported cases, we infer a likely mechanism for dispersal in Symphypleona. By revealing hidden evidence of modern springtail associations with other invertebrates such as ants and termites, new compelling assemblages of fossil springtails, and the drastic increase of eusocial insects’ abundance during the Cenozoic (ants/termites comprising more than a third of insects in Miocene amber), we stress that attachment on winged castes of ants and termites may have been a mechanism for the worldwide dispersal of this significant springtail lineage. Moreover, by comparing the general constraints applying to the other wingless soil-dwelling arthropods known to disperse through phoresy, we suggest biases in the collection and observation of phoretic Symphypleona related to their reflexive detachment and infer that this behaviour continues today.
Conclusions: The specific case of tree resin entrapment represents the (so far) only condition uncovering the phoretic dispersal mechanism of springtails - one of the oldest terrestrial arthropod lineages living today.