bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Predicting fracture of solder joints with different constraint factors
Authors: Nourani Amir , Mirmehdi Sadegh , Farrahi Gholamhossein , Soroush Farid
Published: September 2018

Double cantilever beam (DCB) specimens of 2.5‐mm‐long SAC305 solder joints were prepared with thickness of copper adherends varying from 8 to 21 mm each. The specimens were tested under mode I loading conditions (ie, pure opening mode with no shear component of loading) with a strain rate of 0.03 second−1. The measured fracture load was used to calculate the critical strain energy release rate for crack initiation, Jci, in each case. Fracture behaviour showed a significant dependence on the adherend thickness; the Jci and plastic deformation of the solder at crack initiation decreased significantly with increase in adherend thickness. This behaviour was attributed to changes in stress distribution along the solder layer when the adherend thickness was varied. The capability of Jci as a property was then assessed to predict the fracture load of solder joints in specimens with different constraint levels caused by variations in adherend thicknesses. In light of the results obtained, a cohesive zone model (CZM) was developed to predict the fracture load of solder joints as a function of adherend thickness. Finally, a CZM with a single set of parameters was established to predict the fracture loads for all the cases. It was concluded that CZM was a better methodology to account for changes in degree of joint constraint imposed by bonding adherends.
HISTORIA MAGISTRA VITAE, INTERRUPTING: THUCYDIDES AND THE AGONISTIC TEMPORALITY OF ANTIQUITY AND MODERNITY
Authors: LIANERI ALEXANDRA
Published: September 2018

In this essay I discuss Koselleck's thesis on the dissolution of historia magistra vitae in modernity with a view to exploring how the modern historiographical engagement with Thucydides entails qualifications of this argument. Focusing on Barthold Georg Niebuhr's contextualization of Thucydides in a new temporality of “ancient and modern history,” I examine how modernity is caught between conflicting notions of its own prehistory, and that this conflict suggests that the forward‐leaping qualities of Neuzeit were co‐articulated with other temporal notions, and particularly an idea of historical exemplarity associated with historia magistra vitae. This plurality of times highlights an agonistic temporality linking antiquity and modernity: a model of conflicting times inscribed in a dialogue through which modern historiography interrupted the “useful” history of antiquity, while simultaneously being itself interrupted by it. By following this dialogue, I seek to test two interrelated hypotheses: a) that modernity produced a multitemporal scheme in which the ideas of differential time and the future were intertwined with a notion of historia magistra vitae as meaningful and sense‐bearing time; and b) that contradictions in this scheme arising from the modern confrontation with Thucydides's poetics challenges the opposition between historia magistra vitae and modern historical sense and configures a temporality that is self‐agonistic in the sense that it confronts historical actors before and beyond the terms through which they may be able to give it meaning. Formulated as a poetics of the possible, this notion is approached as a corrective alternative to the modern consideration of the future as distanced from the space of experience, but nonetheless as grounded in actuality and therefore largely mastered by human knowledge and action.
Evaluation of durability and cleanability performances of protective treatments for lapped ceramic tiles—Part 1
Authors: Lucchese Beatrice , Rambaldi Elisa , Engels Marcel , Bignozzi Maria C.
Published: September 2018

The aim of this work was to evaluate the durability, in real pedestrian traffic condition, of lapped porcelain stonewares with surface protective treatments able to fill up pores opened by the lapping process. In recent years, the durability of ceramic surfaces has become a key factor during the design process. The knowledge of the material durability is important to define the behavior of tiles in use. Standard procedures for indirectly assessing durability are already available (ie, abrasion tests, staining resistance, chemical resistance), however, a standard method of aging in real condition is still lacking. In this study, a durability test was performed in real pedestrian traffic condition by fixing tiles on floors to evaluate the surface characteristics after 6 and 12 months. The surface characteristics were analyzed before and after the durability tests and in terms of microstructural observations and determination of surface porosity. In particular a durability index has been estimated as ratio of pores filled by dirtiness respect to the original surface porosity (before aging). Results of durability index showed good correlation between aging duration and kind of treatments (industrially applied and/or manually applied).
miR‐21 modification enhances the performance of adipose tissue‐derived mesenchymal stem cells for counteracting urethral stricture formation
Authors: Feng Zongcheng , Chen Hongrun , Fu Taozhu , Zhang Lianfeng , Liu Yushan
Published: September 2018

The treatment of complicated long segment strictures remains to a challenge, and the substitution urethroplasty treatment is often accompanied by subsequent tissue fibrosis and secondary stricture formation. In situ injection of human adipose tissue‐derived stem cells (hADSC) could potential be applied for prevention of urethral fibrosis, but the cells transplantation alone may be insufficient because of the complicated histopathological micro‐environmental changes in the injury site. This study investigated whether miR‐21 modification can improve the therapeutic efficacy of ADSCs against urethral fibrosis to limit urethral stricture recurrence. MiR‐21‐modified ADSCs (miR‐21) were constructed via lentivirus‐mediated transfer of pre‐miR‐21 and GFP reporter gene. In vitro results suggested that miR‐21 modification can increase the angiogenesis genes expression of ADSCs and enhance its anti‐oxidative effects against reactive oxygen species (ROS) damage. In vivo results showed that miR‐21 modification contributes to increased urodynamic parameters and better formation of the epithelium and the muscle layer as compared to ADSCs transplantation alone groups. The results demonstrated that miR‐21 modification in ADSCs could improve urethral wound healing microenvironment, enhance stem cell survival through ROS scavenging and promote the neovascularization via regulating angiogenic genes expression, which eventually increase the ADSCs' therapeutic potential for urethral wound healing.
Bidirectional relationship between eating disorders and autoimmune diseases
Authors: Hedman Anna , Breithaupt Lauren , Hübel Christopher , Thornton Laura M. , Tillander Annika , Norring Claes , Birgegård Andreas , Larsson Henrik , Ludvigsson Jonas F. , Sävendahl Lars , Almqvist Catarina , Bulik Cynthia M.
Published: September 2018

Background

Immune system dysfunction may be associated with eating disorders (ED) and could have implications for detection, risk assessment, and treatment of both autoimmune diseases and EDs. However, questions regarding the nature of the relationship between these two disease entities remain. We evaluated the strength of associations for the bidirectional relationships between EDs and autoimmune diseases.

Methods

In this nationwide population‐based study, Swedish registers were linked to establish a cohort of more than 2.5 million individuals born in Sweden between January 1, 1979 and December 31, 2005 and followed up until December 2013. Cox proportional hazard regression models were used to investigate: (a) subsequent risk of EDs in individuals with autoimmune diseases; and (b) subsequent risk of autoimmune diseases in individuals with EDs.

Results

We observed a strong, bidirectional relationship between the two illness classes indicating that diagnosis in one illness class increased the risk of the other. In women, the diagnoses of autoimmune disease increased subsequent hazards of anorexia nervosa (AN), bulimia nervosa (BN), and other eating disorders (OED). Similarly, AN, BN, and OED increased subsequent hazards of autoimmune diseases.Gastrointestinal‐related autoimmune diseases such as, celiac disease and Crohn's disease showed a bidirectional relationship with AN and OED. Psoriasis showed a bidirectional relationship with OED. The previous occurence of type 1 diabetes increased the risk for AN, BN, and OED. In men, we did not observe a bidirectional pattern, but prior autoimmune arthritis increased the risk for OED.

Conclusions

The interactions between EDs and autoimmune diseases support the previously reported associations. The bidirectional risk pattern observed in women suggests either a shared mechanism or a third mediating variable contributing to the association of these illnesses.
Peripheral intravenous catheter difficulty – A clinical survey of registered nurse and critical care nurse performance
Authors: Engström Åsa , Forsberg Angelica
Published: September 2018

Objectives

To describe the characteristics, problems and interventions associated with performing peripheral intravenous catheterisation in difficult situations when registered nurses need support from critical care nurses.

Background

Only a few studies have focused on peripheral intravenous catheterisation problems or interventions to promote success. There is limited research on the education, knowledge, confidence and skills of registered nurses associated with successful peripheral intravenous catheterisations.

Design

A descriptive cross‐sectional survey design was used.

Results

A total of 101 questionnaires were completed by critical care nurses (n = 32) and 92 by registered nurses (n = 83); the total number of participants was 115. The same critical care nurses and registered nurses could participate several times on different occasions. Statistical analyses were performed using descriptive statistics. The patterns differed in part between the registered nurses who needed support and the critical care nurses who provided the support. Both registered nurses and critical care nurses used ultrasound to a very low extent (2.2% vs. 1.0%). The registered nurses indicated to a significantly higher extent (p = 0.02) that the veins were invisible and that they had performed the optional interventions. The success rate for critical care nurses was considerably high (86.1%). The most common place for successful insertion was the wrist. Critical care nurses performed fewer interventions, and they informed the patients and assessed that the veins were fragile to a higher extent.

Conclusions

Superior nursing skills are required in order to adapt and assess specific situations related to peripheral intravenous catheterisation difficulties and to choose the adequate interventions. Young and newly graduated registered nurses should be offered individualised training during the post‐educational period on how to assess problems and perform peripheral intravenous catheterisations in specific difficult situations.

Relevance to Clinical Practice

Simulation is suggested for practical training in order to increase patient safety related to the performance of technical skills such as peripheral intravenous catheterisation.
Flexural and Surface Properties of PMMA Denture Base Material Modified with Thymoquinone as an Antifungal Agent
Authors: Gad Mohammed M. , Al‐Thobity Ahmad M. , Fouda Shaimaa M. , Näpänkangas Ritva , Raustia Aune
Published: September 2018

Purpose

To evaluate the effect of addition of different concentrations of thymoquinone (TQ) on the flexural strength, elastic modulus, surface roughness, and hardness of PMMA denture base material.

Materials and Methods

A total of 160 rectangular specimens were prepared from heat‐polymerized acrylic resin, with dimensions of 65 × 10 × 2.5 mm3 for flexural strength testing and 10 × 20 × 3 mm3 for surface property testing. The specimens were divided into eight groups of 20 specimens: one control group without addition of TQ and seven test groups prepared by adding TQ to acrylic powder in concentrations of 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, and 5 wt%. The polymer was added to the monomer before being mixed, packed, and processed using the conventional water bath method. A universal testing machine was used to measure flexural strength and elastic modulus. A profilometer and a Vickers hardness tester were used to measure surface roughness and hardness, respectively. One‐way ANOVA and the Tukey‐Kramer multiple‐comparison test were used for statistical analysis, with statistical significance at p ≤ 0.05.

Results

Addition of TQ to PMMA denture base material significantly decreased flexural strength and elastic modulus at high concentrations (p < 0.01), while no significant differences were observed at low concentrations (0.5%, 1% TQ) in comparison with the control group. At high TQ concentrations, surface roughness increased while hardness decreased (p < 0.0001), and no significant differences were observed at low concentrations (0.5%, 1% TQ) in comparison with the control group. The most favorable addition values were 0.5% and 1% TQ in all TQ groups.

Conclusions

Addition of TQ did not affect the flexural and surface properties of PMMA denture base material at low concentrations (0.5%, 1% TQ) and could be incorporated into PMMA denture base material as an antifungal agent.
Induction of microvascular network growth in the mouse mesentery
Authors: Suarez‐Martinez Ariana D. , Peirce Shayn M. , Isakson Brant E. , Nice Matthew , Wang Jack , Lounsbury Karen M. , Scallan Joshua P. , Murfee Walter L.
Published: September 2018

Objective

Motivated by observations of mesenteries harvested from mice treated with tamoxifen dissolved in oil for inducible gene mutation studies, the objective of this study was to demonstrate that microvascular growth can be induced in the avascular mouse mesentery tissue.

Methods

C57BL/6 mice were administered an IP injection for five consecutive days of: saline, sunflower oil, tamoxifen dissolved in sunflower oil, corn oil, or peanut oil.

Results

Twenty‐one days post‐injection, zero tissues from saline group contained branching microvascular networks. In contrast, all tissues from the three oils and tamoxifen groups contained vascular networks with arterioles, venules, and capillaries. Smooth muscle cells and pericytes were present in their expected locations and wrapping morphologies. Significant increases in vascularized tissue area and vascular density were observed when compared to saline group, but sunflower oil and tamoxifen group were not significantly different. Vascularized tissues also contained LYVE‐1‐positive and Prox1‐positive lymphatic networks, indicating that lymphangiogenesis was stimulated. When comparing the different oils, vascularized tissue area and vascular density of sunflower oil were significantly higher than corn and peanut oils.

Conclusions

These results provide novel evidence supporting that induction of microvascular network growth into the normally avascular mouse mesentery is possible.
Extensive surgical subcutaneous emphysema secondary to the use of a high‐speed dental handpiece: a case report and discussion
Authors: Hurst C. , Birnie A. , Rock B.
Published: September 2018

Surgical subcutaneous emphysema is known to be a potential complication of the use of high‐speed air‐driven dental drills (air turbines) and compressed air syringes. Often, however, we assume that it is just a theoretical risk to be taught to undergraduates that never actually happens in practice. Here, we present a case of extensive surgical subcutaneous emphysema secondary to tongue trauma from a high‐speed drill, extending far from the site of air entry.
The impact of dyspnea and threat of dyspnea on error processing
Authors: Sucec Josef , Herzog Michaela , Van Diest Ilse , Van den Bergh Omer , von Leupoldt Andreas
Published: September 2018

Dyspnea (breathlessness) is a threatening and aversive bodily sensation and a major symptom of various diseases. It has been suggested to impair several aspects of functioning in affected patients, but experimental proof for this assumption is widely absent. Error processing is an important domain of functioning and has intensively been studied using electrophysiological measures. Specifically, the error‐related negativity (ERN) has been suggested to reflect early performance monitoring and error detection, while the error positivity (Pe) has been linked to subsequent error awareness. So far, little is known about the effects of anticipated or perceived dyspnea on error processing. Therefore, in 49 healthy participants, we studied the effects of experimentally induced dyspnea and threat of dyspnea on the ERN/Pe and behavioral task performance. Participants performed the arrowhead version of the flanker task during three experimental conditions: an unloaded baseline condition, a dyspnea condition, and a threat of dyspnea condition. Dyspnea was induced by breathing through inspiratory resistive loads, while high‐density EEG was continuously measured. No differences in task performance (reaction times, error rates) and ERN mean amplitudes were found between conditions. However, mean amplitudes for the Pe differed between conditions with smaller Pe amplitudes during threat of dyspnea compared to baseline and dyspnea conditions, with the latter two conditions showing no difference. These results may suggest that threat of dyspnea, but not dyspnea itself, reduces error awareness, while both seem to have no impact on early error processing and related behavioral performance.
The Development of First‐Episode Direct Self‐Injurious Behavior and Association with Difficulties in Emotional Regulation in Adolescence
Authors: Palmer Colin , Connor Charlotte , Channa Sunita , Lavis Anna , Leung Newman , Parsons Nick , Birchwood Max
Published: September 2018

Objective

Self‐harm remains a serious public health concern; however, identifying adolescents at risk is challenging. While self‐harm has been linked with difficulties in emotional regulation postinjury, comparatively little is known about how such difficulties may impact on the future development of self‐harm behavior.

Methods

A total of 318 pupils aged 14–15 years completed measures on history of direct self‐injurious behavior (D‐SIB), emotional regulation, depression, and anxiety at two time points across a six‐month period.

Results

Of 13% (42) of participants reported their first episode of D‐SIB over the six‐month period and reported increased difficulties with emotional regulation prior to initial D‐SIB. Regression analyses found significant associations for emotional regulation and specifically lack of emotional clarity prior to first episode of D‐SIB. Lack of emotional awareness and difficulties with impulse control was significantly associated in those with ongoing D‐SIB.

Conclusions

Prior to first episode of D‐SIB, young people may experience difficulty regulating emotions, a difficulty which appears less pronounced following their engagement with D‐SIB. Our findings implicate difficulties in the early evaluation and understanding of emotions which may later impair attempts at emotion modulation and increase risk of D‐SIB. Such findings might help inform early identification of adolescents at risk of initial D‐SIB.
Organizational theory: From classical sociology to the 1970s
Authors: Haveman Heather A. , Wetts Rachel
Published: September 2018

Organizations are the fundamental building blocks of modern societies. So it is not surprising that they have always been at the center of sociological research, starting with Marx and Weber. And although Durkheim did not explicitly analyze organizations, his work has clear implications for the study of organizations. We review the insights of these three pioneering sociologists and then discuss ideas about organizations proposed by other scholars, from both management and sociology, from 1910 to the mid‐1970s. Marx, Weber, and Durkheim's theoretical frameworks were tools for understanding the transition to modernity. Marx and Weber saw organizations as sites of class struggle and rationalization, respectively, while Durkheim focused on social cohesion and collective sensemaking, both of which underpin organizations. Later theorists focused more closely on the meso‐level and micro‐level processes that happen within and between organizations. These later theorists emphasized pragmatic concerns of optimizing organizational efficiency and labor productivity (scientific management and human relations theories), processes of affiliation and hierarchy (Simmel), limits to rational decision‐making (the Carnegie School), and environmental conditions that shape organizational processes and outcomes (contingency theories). A companion paper describes the three perspectives (demographic, relational, and cultural) that have dominated sociological research on organizations since the mid‐1970s.
Ability emotional intelligence and children’s behaviour in the playground
Authors: Qualter Pamela , Urquijo Itziar , Henzi Peter , Barrett Louise , Humphrey Neil
Published: September 2018

We explored whether emotion understanding promotes positive social functioning in childhood using the ability emotional intelligence (AEI) framework, which defines emotion understanding more broadly than is common in developmental science. The prospective study included children ages 9–11 years who completed a measure of AEI at the start of the school year, and whose playground interactions were observed for one full year. Findings showed that, among girls, low AEI was associated with higher levels of direct aggressive behaviour in the playground; boys and girls high or low in AEI were more likely than their peers to watch others during playground social interactions. Further, higher AEI was associated with indirect aggression in school, suggesting higher AEI during childhood may be associated with the developmental transition from direct to indirect forms of aggression. The implications of the findings for school practice in relation to the teaching of emotion understanding are discussed.
Results of noninvasive prenatal RHD testing in Gestation Week 25 are not affected by maternal body mass index
Authors: Jakobsen Marianne A. , Rosbach Hanne K. , Dellgren Christoffer , Yazer Mark , Sprogøe Ulrik
Published: September 2018

BACKGROUND

Reliability of noninvasive prenatal RHD genotype test (NIP RHD) depends on having sufficient amounts of cell‐free fetal DNA (cffDNA) in the maternal plasma sample. The fraction of cffDNA in maternal plasma is inversely related to maternal body mass index (BMI), suggesting that high maternal BMI may limit the test's accuracy. This study determined the effect of maternal BMI on the accuracy of NIP RHD.

STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS

Results from NIP RHD performed in Gestation Week 25 were correlated to maternal BMI in Week 12. The accuracy of NIP RHD result was determined by correlation with serologic RhD types of the neonates.

RESULTS

A total of 1618 pregnancies in 1588 D– women were included. Median BMI in these pregnancies was 24.2 (10%‐90%, 20.1‐32.4), and in 261 of 1618 (16%) pregnancies BMI was 30 or more (median BMI in this group was 33.6; 10th‐90th percentiles, 30.5‐41.1). NIP RHD was positive in 987 of 1618 (61%), negative in 582 of 1618 (36%), and inconclusive in 49 of 1618 (3.0%). Compared to the neonate's serologic RhD type, nine of 987 (0.9%) positive NIP RHD results were false positive, and four of 582 (0.7%) negative NIP RHD results were false negative (FN). In five of 49 (10%) inconclusive NIP RHD results, the neonatal RhD type was positive. There was no difference in median BMI between individuals who tested inconclusive or FN compared to those with true positive or true negative results (p = 0.80).

CONCLUSION

The accuracy of NIP RHD testing performed in Gestation Week 25 does not depend on maternal BMI in the 12th gestation week.
Neutropenia and monocytopenia in recurrent anaphylactoid reactions after red blood cell transfusions in a woman with immunoglobulin A (IgA) deficiency and anti‐IgA
Authors: Warkentin Theodore E. , Morin Pierre‐Aurèle , Heddle Nancy M.
Published: September 2018

BACKGROUND

Transfusion‐associated anaphylaxis has been associated with anti‐immunoglobulin A (anti‐IgA) of IgG class in patients with IgA deficiency. In recent years, however, the frequency and clinical impact of this syndrome has been questioned. We present a case of recurrent red blood cell (RBC) transfusion–associated anaphylactoid reactions (rigors, hypertension, transient monocytopenia, and neutropenia) associated with anti‐IgA.

CASE REPORT

An 88‐year‐old woman developed anemia after a traumatic right humerus fracture. After receiving approximately 100 mL of RBCs she developed rigors and hypertension; her absolute neutrophil and monocyte counts decreased by 73 and 100%, respectively. All symptoms and signs resolved, and her blood counts normalized. A second RBC transfusion was given, with recurrence of rigors, hypertension, neutropenia, and monocytopenia (69 and 100% declines, respectively), along with fever. All tests for hemolysis were negative. She then received two transfusions of washed RBCs, without incident. The patient was found to be deficient in IgA (<0.05 mg/dL). Further, anti‐IgA of IgG class antibodies were detected in high levels by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (>1000 U/mL).

We reviewed case reports, case series, and reviews of IgA deficiency–associated reactions, examining whether hypertensive reactions and acute neutropenia and/or monocytopenia have been associated with anti‐IgA reactions.

RESULTS

Reports of reactions associated with anti‐IgA emphasize hypotension and are generally classified as “anaphylactic or anaphylaxis.” No previous reports described neutropenia or monocytopenia.

CONCLUSION

Our case suggests that adverse transfusion reactions associated with anti‐IgA of IgG class may sometimes be characterized by anaphylactoid features such as rigors and hypertension, with transient monocytopenia and neutropenia.
Successful treatment of severe refractory autoimmune hemolytic anemia after hematopoietic stem cell transplant with abatacept
Authors: Hess Jennifer , Su Leon , Nizzi Frank , Beebe Kristen , Magee Kyrie , Salzberg Dana , Stahlecker Jennifer , Miller Holly K. , Adams Roberta H. , Ngwube Alexander
Published: September 2018

BACKGROUND

After hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) is a known and fairly common complication. It is often refractory to conventional therapies including corticosteroids, intravenous immunoglobulin, splenectomy, and the more recently described use of monoclonal antibodies. The high morbidity associated with these severe persistent cases elucidates the gaps in alternative therapies available for treatment.

STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS

We described the successful use of abatacept for severe refractory AIHA after HSCT in three patients.

RESULTS

Three pediatric patients with refractory AIHA after allogeneic stem cell transplantation were observed to be unresponsive to multitude immunosuppressive therapies, resulting in persistent transfusion dependency. Treatment with abatacept, a fusion protein that inhibits T‐cell activation by binding to CD80/CD86 on antigen‐presenting cells (APCs), thus blocking the required CD28 interaction between APCs and T cells, resulted in the resolution of hemolysis.

CONCLUSION

Abatacept may provide significant clinical benefit in the management of AIHA after HSCT.
Short survival time following palliative‐intent hypofractionated radiotherapy for non‐resectable canine thyroid carcinoma: A retrospective analysis of 20 dogs
Authors: Tsimbas Kathleen , Turek Michelle , Christensen Neil , Vail David M. , Forrest Lisa
Published: September 2018

Radiotherapy is the treatment of choice for non‐resectable canine thyroid carcinoma. High tumor response rates and median survival times of 2 years or longer have been previously reported with conventionally fractionated and hypofractionated protocols, even in dogs with distant metastasis. The objective of this retrospective, descriptive, case series study was to evaluate the clinical outcomes of dogs with thyroid carcinoma irradiated with palliative intent using hypofractionated radiotherapy at our institution. Medical records of 20 dogs treated between 1999 and 2014 were reviewed. All dogs had macroscopic primary tumors and presented with tumor‐related clinical signs. Median longest tumor diameter was 10 cm. Nineteen dogs (95%) had metastasis (7/19 lymph node; 16/19 distant metastasis). Most dogs were treated with four weekly fractions of 6.5–8 Gy. Radiotherapy was well tolerated in 17 dogs; three died of respiratory compromise before completing radiotherapy. Eleven dogs received adjuvant chemotherapy. Five dogs experienced a local tumor response including two complete and three partial responses. Overall median survival time was 170 days (range, 1–824 days; 95% CI: 58–392 days). Of potential variables examined (radiation delivery system and protocol, tumor size and location, vascular/lymphatic invasion, metastatic disease, chemotherapy, tumor response), only achievement of complete or partial response was predictive of overall survival. In contrast to previously reported cohorts, dogs with clinical signs and stage IV disease predominated in this study. Previous studies may over‐estimate survival following hypofractionated radiotherapy in dogs with advanced thyroid carcinoma.
Plasma ferritin concentration is positively associated with in vivo fatty acid mobilization and insulin resistance in obese women
Authors: Ryan Benjamin J. , Van Pelt Douglas W. , Guth Lisa M. , Ludzki Alison C. , Gioscia‐Ryan Rachel A. , Ahn Chiwoon , Foug Katherine L. , Horowitz Jeffrey F.
Published: September 2018

New Findings

What is the central question of this study?

Do obese women with relatively high whole‐body iron stores exhibit elevated in vivo rates of fatty acid (FA) release from adipose tissue compared with a well‐matched cohort of obese women with relatively low iron stores?

What is the main finding and its importance?

Obese women with high plasma [ferritin] (a marker of whole‐body iron stores) had greater FA mobilization, lipolytic activation in adipose tissue and insulin resistance (IR) compared with obese women with lower plasma [ferritin]. Given that elevated FA mobilization is intimately linked with the development of IR, these findings suggest that elevated iron stores might contribute to IR in obesity by increasing systemic FA availability.

High rates of fatty acid (FA) mobilization from adipose tissue are associated with insulin resistance (IR) in obesity. In vitro evidence suggests that iron stimulates lipolysis in adipocytes, but whether iron is related to in vivo FA mobilization is unknown. We hypothesized that plasma ferritin concentration ([ferritin]), a marker of body iron stores, would be positively associated with FA mobilization. We measured [ferritin], the rate of appearance of FA in the systemic circulation (FA Ra; stable isotope dilution), key adipose tissue lipolytic proteins and IR (hyperinsulinaemic–euglycaemic clamp) in 20 obese, premenopausal women. [Ferritin] was correlated with FA Ra (r = 0.65; P = 0.002) and IR (r = 0.57; P = 0.008); these relationships remained significant after controlling for body mass index and plasma [C‐reactive protein] (a marker of systemic inflammation) in multiple regression analyses. We then stratified subjects into tertiles based on [ferritin] to compare subjects with ‘High‐ferritin’ versus ‘Low‐ferritin’. Plasma [hepcidin] was more than fivefold greater (P < 0.05) in the High‐ferritin versus Low‐ferritin group, but there was no difference in plasma [C‐reactive protein] between groups, indicating that the large difference in plasma [ferritin] reflects a difference in iron stores, not systemic inflammation. We found that FA Ra, adipose protein abundance of hormone‐sensitive lipase and adipose triglyceride lipase, and IR were significantly greater in subjects with High‐ferritin versus Low‐ferritin (all P < 0.05). These data provide the first evidence linking iron and in vivo FA mobilization and suggest that elevated iron stores might contribute to IR in obesity by increasing systemic FA availability.
El ojo microscópico: la relevancia de lo nimio y lo mínimo en el arte narrativo, pictórico y guiñol posrevolucionario
Authors: Berdeja Juan M.
Published: September 2018

Este artículo muestra ciertos nexos, eslabones perdidos, que conectan al arte mexicano de principios del siglo pasado con la llamada Generación del Medio Siglo. Se estudian probables vínculos desde el fenómeno de la relevancia de lo mínimo, la representación de lo aparentemente baladí y lo trivial. Si hubo, por un lado, descripciones desde lo panorámico, el diálogo como forma dominante, las vastas escenas de gesta revolucionaria y política: la gran novela de la Revolución Mexicana y las representaciones del conflicto armado y los murales, por otro aparecieron imágenes de lo pequeño, lo nimio, lo microscópico: cuentos sobre la grandeza de lo cotidiano, pinturas sobre los espacios más mínimos, un arte de escenas habituales en que la violencia o la generación de una patria no son los temas.
Dinámica de una red integral de prestadores de servicios de salud (RIPSS)
Authors: Tabarquino Muñoz Raúl Andrés , Pulgarin Henao Dora Marcela , Giraldo Varón Albert Ferney
Published: September 2018

La Política Pública de Atención Integral en Salud del año 2016 en Colombia establece el esquema de redes integrales de prestadores de servicios de salud (RIPSS), el cual dinamiza demandas y recursos proyectados, personal calificado e infraestructura en red. El análisis de este nuevo esquema de prestación de servicios de salud parte de un enfoque metodológico mixto con aplicación de análisis de redes, apropiando el caso de la red de salud del oriente del municipio de Santiago de Cali, por la existencia de avances y aportes en la aplicación del concepto de redes integradas de servicios de salud (RISS) y logística integral. Los resultados de lainvestigación aportan teórica, analítica y metodológicamente que la interdependencia, interrelación y coordinación entre actores en una red integral de prestadores de servicios de salud (RIPSS) puede ser simulada de manera estructural y posicional.
Evaluación de la estructura del componente regular de los programas departamentales de hábitos y estilos de vida saludable, Colombia, 2014-2015
Authors: Torres Moya Oscar Ricardo , Prieto Alvarado Franklyn Edwin
Published: September 2018

Los programas comunitarios de actividad física son una estrategia prometedora para combatir el sedentarismo. En Colombia existe el Programa Nacional de Hábitos y Estilos de Vida Saludable. Establecer la estructura en su propósito de evaluación general es fundamental para conocer su relevancia y coherencia. El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar la estructura y la variabilidad del componente regular de los programas departamentales de hábitos y estilos de vida saludable, Colombia 2014-2015. La investigación contó con un análisis documental, una valoración de los modelos lógicos y una entrevista semiestructurada. La racionalidad presentó diferencias en lo que se reere al diagnóstico y se encontró consenso en el establecimiento de objetivos; estos responden a las necesidades y problemas de la población y son tratados a través de estrategias que varían muy poco. Las metas que sugieren los programas, en próximos desarrollos, deberán tener en cuenta las conductas y el contexto de los usuarios.
Factores asociados al grado de satisfacción del usuario del consultorio externo de gastroenterología del Hospital Central de la Fuerza Aérea del Perú. Mayo, 2014
Authors: La Torre Mantilla Angello Rafael , Oyola García Alfredo Enrique , Quispe Ilanzo Melisa Pamela
Published: September 2018

Se desarrolló un estudio observacional, descriptivo y transversal para determinar los factores asociados al grado de satisfacción del usuario del consultorio externo de gastroenterología del Hospital Central de la Fuerza Aérea del Perú, debido a que la insatisfacción del paciente se asocia con el nivel de excelencia profesional, uso eficiente de los recursos y mínimo riesgo para el paciente. La muestra incluyó 221 pacientes. Se halló que 21.3% de pacientes estaban satisfechos con la atención, 26,7% en el componente fiabilidad, 31.2% en el componente responsabilidad, 48% en el componente seguridad, 38.9% en el componente empatía y 32.6% en el componente tangibles. La insatisfacción se observó en 75 (70.8%) de los varones, 99 (86.1%) de las mujeres (p=0.005), en 65 (70.7%) de los beneficiarios directos y 109 (84.5%) de los familiares (p=0.013). Asimismo, conforme aumentaba el tiempo de espera para la atención, disminuía la satisfacción del paciente (r=-0.316; p=0.000).
Instrumentos para evaluar la calidad percibida por los usuarios en los servicios de salud
Authors: Henao Nieto Daniel Eduardo , Giraldo Villa Adriana , Yepes Delgado Carlos Enrique
Published: September 2018

La calidad es considerada un factor clave en la diferenciación y en la excelencia de los ser vicios de salud, y la percepción de un paciente sobre la prestación del ser vicio determina en forma definitiva su nivel de calidad. Se han descrito indicadores que ayudan a evaluar la calidad de los ser vicios de salud, entre estos, indicadores de efectividad, de oportunidad y de adhesión. Sin embargo, la evaluación integral de la calidad percibida en los ser vicios de salud es aún compleja. Se realizó una búsqueda en Medline, Embase, OVID, Lilacs, Ebsco, Scielo y The Cochrane Library para identificar instrumentos de tipo cualitativo o cuantitativo que permitieran medir la calidad de los ser vicios de salud percibida por los pacientes. Se encontraron estudios que validaron y aplicaron la escala Ser vqual y Ser vqhos en el ámbito hospitalario. Adicionalmente, en nuestro país se intentó validar escalas diferentes a estas, pero no contaron con un rigor estadístico importante.
La insoportable levedad de la política nacional de salud mental para Colombia : reflexiones a propósito de la propuesta de ajuste en 2014
Authors: Parales Quenza Carlos José , Urrego Mendoza Zulma Consuelo , Herazo Acevedo Edwin
Published: September 2018

La salud mental es una problemática de interés para muchos gobiernos. En los últimos veinte años, en Colombia se han hecho varios intentos de formular una política nacional, cuya recepción por la sociedad y sus instituciones ha sido fútil. Desde la perspectiva del equipo consultor para el ajuste de la Política Nacional de Salud Mental Colombiana en 2014, se elaboró un recuento de tales iniciativas desde 1994 hasta 2015, con énfasis en lo sucedido en 2014, y se analizaron diversos antecedentes que considerar para comprender las dicultades en la implementación de una política pública al respecto. Entre las dificultades afrontadas se encontraron la diversidad de conceptualizaciones sobre salud mental, la falta de voluntad política, las características propias de los sistemas de salud y el estigma social que rodea a los padecimientos mentales. Tales aspectos, entre otros, han hecho ardua y compleja la tarea de formular e implementar políticas nacionales de salud mental
Carcinoma escamocelular de labio superior en paciente con síndrome nevoide basocelular. Reporte de caso clínico / Upper Lip Squamous Cell Carcinoma in Patient with Basal Cell Nevus Syndrome. Case Report
Authors: López Muñoz Nathalia , Ordóñez Ropero Paula Andrea , Vargas Rico Leonardo
Published: September 2018

RESUMEN. Antecedentes: El síndrome de Gorlin-Goltz, o síndrome nevoide de células basales (SNCB), es un trastorno autosómico dominante de baja incidencia. Su etiología está relacionada con una mutación en el gen PTCH y afecta los sistemas esquelético, oftalmológico y neurológico. Su prevalencia es de 1:60.000 y las mutaciones de novo se presentan aproximadamente en un 20 % a 30 % de los casos. Objetivo: Describir el proceso diagnóstico y manejo de un caso de esporádica presentación de una paciente con SNCB con carcinoma escamocelular (CEC) en labio superior. Descripción del caso: Se trató de una paciente de 58 años, quien asistió a consulta odontológica por motivos estéticos y funcionales. Se encontró un CEC (confirmado por inmunohistoquímica) asintomático delimitado en el lado izquierdo del labio superior, con erosiones de color rojizo y costra. No se encontraron linfoadenopatías asociadas. También presentó fisuras palmoplantares y múltiples carcinomas basocelulares en la espalda y el dorso de la mano izquierda (con antecedentes familiares similares). Radiográficamente, no se observaron queratoquistes mandibulares que usualmente se asocian con el síndrome de Gorlin-Goltz. Conclusiones: La paciente fue diagnosticada con SNCB, pues presentaba dos criterios mayores (dos o más CBC y piqueteado palmoplantar) y dos menores (calcificación laminar de la hoz del cerebro y antecedente de fibromas ováricos). El tratamiento odontológico se planeó y se remitió a la paciente a la institución pertinente para manejar su condición sistémica.ABSTRACT. Background: Gorlin-Goltz syndrome, or basal cell nevus syndrome (BCNS), is a rare autosomal dominant disorder caused by mutations in the Patched (PTCH) gene. BCNS affects about 1:60,000 people and de novo mutations represent approximately 20 % to 30 % of all cases. Purpose: To describe the diagnostic process and management of a rare case of a female patient with BCNS and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) in upper lip. Case description: The patient was a 58-year-old woman who attended the dental office seeking aesthetic and functional treatment. An asymptomatic, delimited SCC with red erosions and scab in left upper lip was diagnosed (confirmed through immunohistochemistry). Associated lymph adenopathy was not observed. The patient also presented palmoplantar pits and multiple basal cell carcinomas (BCC) in back and left-hand back (and similar family history). X-rays did not show mandible keratocysts often associated to the Gorlin-Goltz syndrome. Conclusions: The patient was diagnosed with BCNS because she met two major (two or more BCCs and palmoplantar pits) and two minor criteria (lamellar calcification of brain sickle and history of ovary fibromas). Dental treatment was planned and the patient was referred to another institution to address her systemic condition.
Recursos psicosociales y construcción de bienestar ante la ausencia de los padres
Authors: Castaño Hincapié Nancy , Montoya Zuluaga Diana Marcela , Moreno Carmona Norman Dario
Published: September 2018

El objetivo de este trabajo fue indagar sobre los recursos psicosociales asociados al bienestar subjetivo de adultos que experimentaron sentimientos de ausencia de alguno de los padres. Se aplicó entrevista semiestructurada y algunas láminas del Test de Apercepción Temática (TAT) a nueve personas que voluntariamente aceptaron participar y cumplían con los criterios de inclusión. Se encontró que los recursos psicosociales mediaron para que las personas, a pesar de haber experimentado ausencia de alguno de los padres, construyeran bienestar subjetivo. Esto es de suma significación, pues, en la medida en que se ofrezca a niños y jóvenes otros medios o recursos para hacerle frente a los sentimientos de ausencia, habrá más posibilidades de construir bienestar ante una realidad de padres cada vez más ausentes.
Apoyo social, resiliencia y región de origen en la salud mental y la satisfacción vital de los inmigrantes
Authors: García-Cid Alba , Hombrados-Mendieta Isabel , Gómez-Jacinto Luis , Palma-García María De las Olas , Millán-Franco Mario
Published: September 2018

Se analiza la relación del apoyo social y la resiliencia con la satisfacción vital y la salud mental de los inmigrantes, y las diferencias en dichas variables según la región de origen (África, Europa, Latinoamérica y Asia). En el estudio han participado 1094 inmigrantes que residen en España. Los resultados de la regresión por pasos muestran que la tenacidad, el apoyo social de la familia y de los autóctonos, y el control personal son los mejores predictores de la satisfacción vital. La tenacidad, el apoyo de la familia y el control lo son de la salud mental.
Choque y adaptación sociocultural una visión en espejo: vascos y brasileños
Authors: De Luca Sonia Gení Padoan , Telletxea Saioa
Published: September 2018

Los inmigrantes experimentan cambios en las relaciones interpersonales y comunicativas así como en el manejo de la distancia social. Este estudio analiza dichos cambios en dos grupos y contextos culturales, los inmigrantes brasileños en el País Vasco y los inmigrantes vascos en Brasil. Se esperan diferencias en las dimensiones del ajuste sociocultural en función del tiempo de estancia y del grupo, así como en las prácticas culturales del país de origen y de acogida. El estudio es transversal y retrospectivo. Los resultados muestran altas dificultades durante el primer año, predominando las relativas al manejo de las Relaciones interpersonales, y posteriormente adquiere más importancia la dimensión de Manejo de la distancia social, especialmente en el caso de los vascos.
Crossing International Borders in Search of a Better Life: Examining the Psychological Impact of the Immigration Experience
Authors: Torres Fernández Ivelisse , Pereira Steve R. , Aicart Jen , Salas Gonzalo
Published: September 2018

The focus of this paper is to discuss the cycle of migration and its psychological impact on the lives of immigrants. An overview of current migration trends, a discussion on the cycle of immigration (Casas, 2014), and its psychological consequences are presented. A qualitative phenomenological approach was utilized to analyze the stories of four immigrants, which resulted in a thematic analysis that discusses the cycle of immigration and its impact. The paper concludes with a discussion of implications, limitations, and future research.
Inmigración en la escuela: caracterización del prejuicio hacia escolares migrantes en Chile
Authors: Salas Natalia , Castillo Dante , San Martín Constanza , Kong Felipe , Thayer Luis Eduardo , Huepe David
Published: September 2018

Chile ha tenido un incremento sostenido de población inmigrante, pero poco se conoce sobre su impacto en el sistema escolar. Por medio de metodologías mixtas, se recolectó información acerca de las percepciones y prejuicios que estudiantes y profesores, de comunas de la Región Metropolitana de Chile, poseen respecto de la inmigración y la multiculturalidad. Este artículo caracteriza aspectos asociados al prejuicio existente hacia los inmigrantes en el sistema escolar, tanto a nivel explícito como implícito, corroborando la hipótesis de contacto propuesta por la psicología social; y brindando orientaciones tendientes a potenciar la inclusión de la diversidad cultural en el sistema educacional, tanto a nivel de contexto, políticas como prácticas pedagógicas.
Calidad de vida de familias de niños y adolescentes con discapacidad asociada a defectos congénitos
Authors: Ortiz-Quiroga Diana Marcela , Ariza Araujo Yoseth , Pachajoa Harry
Published: September 2018

Este trabajo pretendió determinar el estado de la Calidad de Vida Familiar de niños y jóvenes con discapacidad asociada a defectos congénitos asistentes a la consulta de genética clínica de un centro de referencia del sur occidente Colombiano. Se empleó el modelo de Calidad de Vida Familiar propuesto por la Universidad de Kansas y la Escala de Calidad de Vida Familiar (ECVF) adaptada para Colombia. El instrumento evaluó los Indicadores y Factores de la escala. Cada factor fue evaluado en términos de importancia y satisfacción asignados por el cuidador. Se configuró el Mapa de Calidad de vida Familiar (MCVF) que señaló dos áreas (crítica y fuerte). La información fue almacenada y procesada con el programa Excel. El MCVF mostró que gran parte de los indicadores se ubicaron en el área fuerte del mapa, a excepción de algunos relacionados con los Recursos familiares y Apoyo a la persona con discapacidad, que se ubicaron en el área crítica. Por medio de estrategias de diseño se generó una forma gráfica para sintetizar los resultados y presentarlos de forma clara a las familias.