bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Social distance modulates outcome processing when comparing abilities with others
Authors: Liu Siqi , Hu Xinmu , Mai Xiaoqin
Published: March 2021

Social comparison occurs when individuals evaluate themselves in comparison with others. Social distance can influence the effect of social comparison. Using event‐related potentials, this study examined how social distance affects the time course of outcome processing when individuals compare themselves with others in terms of ability. Participants were asked to perform a dot estimation task with a friend and a stranger. The results showed the effect of social distance on the N1, feedback‐related negativity (FRN), and P300, such that the N1 and P300 were greater for the outcome when pairing with the stranger than when pairing with the friend, whereas the FRN was more negative for the outcome when pairing with the friend than when pairing with the stranger, suggesting that participants allocated more attention resources to the stranger's outcome during the early, automatic (the N1) and later, controlled processing stage (the P300). In addition, the FRN was sensitive to the valence of both self‐ and other‐outcomes, and the FRN valence effect of self‐outcome was modulated by friends’ outcomes but not by strangers’ outcomes, indicating that at the semi‐automatic processing stage, closer social distance increases the likelihood of individuals being affected by the comparison targets. These results suggest that when comparing with others in the ability dimension, social distance plays a different role in different stages of outcome processing. At the primary stage of outcome processing, individuals are more likely to compare with close others in the ability dimension.
Politicians, regulators, and regulatory governance: The neglected sides of the story
Authors: Benoît Cyril
Published: March 2021

We offer a series of reflective insights about the state and direction of studies related to the politics of regulation. Notably we argue that the field is characterized by persisting divisions between Americanists and Europeanists. Largely focused on the actions taken by political principals, the former regularly report a substantial politicization of regulatory behavior. Reflecting on recent developments in US politics however, we show that political influence could be overestimated in the United States. Symmetrically, this same influence could be underestimated by Europeanists, who for now have largely focused on regulators and agencies. This is notably suggested by a discussion of recent development in European politics, as revealed by contributions systematically measuring agency politicization in Western European democracies. On this basis, we identify some promising research questions and agendas for future studies on the politics of regulation.
Between Idyll and Catastrophe: The Ethics of Redemption in Dostoevsky's “The Dream of a Ridiculous Man”
Authors: SPEKTOR ALEXANDER
Published: March 2021

In general, readers of Dostoevsky's “The Dream of a Ridiculous Man” can be divided into three main groups. The first, considers the story to be an example of Dostoevsky's faith in humanity's spiritual rebirth and its protagonist as a character who undergoes transformative change from metaphysical indifference to faith. The second reads the story as a narrative of an un‐self‐aware egoist, who corrupts the truth driven by a will to power. The third group avoids taking a stand on the ethical fortitude of the story's protagonist and instead focuses on pointing out the ambiguities of the story's message and revealing its built‐in semantic indeterminacy. Such readings declare that the story raises questions that refuse to be easily solved. Among these is the limitations of linguistic expression (what can be expressed and what cannot be, but also what kind of truth can be expressed in what language), the nature of truth and knowledge (spiritual knowledge of the planet's inhabitants vs. the earthly knowledge of the protagonist), the difference and confusion between Paradise and Utopia, between dreams and reality, as well as between the human desire for the perfect world and the (im)possibility of attaining it. In this essay I will explore the nature of the story's ambiguity. I will argue, however, that the multi‐level indeterminacy of the “The Dream” makes it into Dostoevsky's most explicit ‘messianic’ text in which he directly establishes the value of the ethics of redemption of which ambiguity is part and parcel. I attempt to untangle what this means in the context of Dostoevsky's religious philosophy by situating the story within the philosophical context of Dostoevsky's two novels—The Idiot and The Brothers Karamazov—in which redemption becomes the primary factor behind the characters’ thoughts and actions. I continue by discussing Dostoevsky's “The Dream” alongside a key twentieth century messianic text by Walter Benjamin, “The Theses on the Philosophy of History,” as well as the notion of the contemporary by Giorgio Agamben. By forming a constellation between Dostoevsky and Benjamin, I hope not only to show the relevance of Dostoevsky's philosophy for our times, but to determine a common philosophical context which helps to elucidate hidden spots in each text, namely the importance of history on Dostoevsky's ethics of redemption and Benjamin's relationship to theology and individual action.
Phosphorescence as an exponential decay
Authors: Lincoln James
Published: March 2021

Phosphorescence is always an engaging demonstration. A high-energy photon source, such as a violet laser or UV black light, shines on a phosphor (screen, mineral, toy, etc.) and then the light is reemitted slowly at a color of lower energy. We notice that the intensity of the emitted light dims with time. Since the intensity of the light emitted depends directly on the number of atoms or molecules that have not yet emitted, this dimming can be modeled as an exponential decay very similar to those students encounter while studying radioactivity, but with the advantage of being perfectly safe. In this article, I present a quantitative method for measuring the half-life of this decay and go further to attempt to explain why temperature can have such dramatic effects.
Ultrashort Versus Criterion Heart Rate Variability Among International-Level Girls’ Field Hockey Players
Authors: González-Fimbres Roberto A. , Hernández-Cruz German , Flatt Andrew A.
Published: March 2021

Purpose: To assess heart rate (HR) variability responses to various markers of training load, quantify associations between HR variability and fitness, and compare responses and associations between 1-minute ultrashort and 5-minute criterion measures among a girls’ field hockey team. Methods: A total of 11 players (16.8 [1.1] y) recorded the logarithm of the root mean square of successive differences (LnRMSSD) daily throughout a 4-week training camp. The weekly mean (LnRMSSDM) and coefficient of variation (LnRMSSDCV) were analyzed. The internal training load (ITL) and external training load (ETL) were acquired with session HR and accelerometry, respectively. Speed, agility, repeated sprint ability, and intermittent fitness were assessed precamp and postcamp. Results: Similar increases in the ultrashort and criterion LnRMSSDM were observed in week 3 versus week 1 (P < .05–.06, effect size [ES] = 0.28 to 0.36). The ultrashort and criterion LnRMSSDCV showed small ES reductions in week 2 (ES = −0.40 to −0.50), moderate reductions in week 3 (ES = −0.61 to −0.72), and small reductions in week 4 (ES = −0.42 to −0.51) versus week 1 (P > .05). Strong agreement was observed between the ultrashort and criterion values (intraclass correlation coefficient = .979). The ITL:ETL ratio peaked in week 1 (P < .05 vs weeks 2–4), displaying a weekly pattern similar to LnRMSSDCV, and inversely similar to LnRMSSDM. Changes in the ultrashort and criterion LnRMSSDCV from week 1 to 4 were associated with ITL (P < .01). The ultrashort and criterion LnRMSSDCV in week 4 were associated (P < .05) with postcamp fitness. Conclusions: The ultrashort HR variability parameters paralleled the criterion responses, and the associations with ITL and fitness were similar in magnitude.
TCR β chain–directed bispecific antibodies for the treatment of T cell cancers
Authors: Paul Suman , Pearlman Alexander H. , Douglass Jacqueline , Mog Brian J. , Hsiue Emily Han-Chung , Hwang Michael S. , DiNapoli Sarah R. , Konig Maximilian F. , Brown Patrick A. , Wright Katharine M. , Sur Surojit , Gabelli Sandra B. , Li Yana , Ghiaur Gabriel , Pardoll Drew M. , Papadopoulos Nickolas , Bettegowda Chetan , Kinzler Kenneth W. , Zhou Shibin , Vogelstein Bert
Published: March 2021

Bispecific antibodies directed against T cell receptor β chains promote killing of human T cell cancers while preserving most healthy T cells.
Fusobacterium nucleatum
Secretes Outer Membrane Vesicles and Promotes Intestinal Inflammation
Authors: Engevik Melinda A. , Danhof Heather A. , Ruan Wenly , Engevik Amy C. , Chang-Graham Alexandra L. , Engevik Kristen A. , Shi Zhongcheng , Zhao Yanling , Brand Colleen K. , Krystofiak Evan S. , Venable Susan , Liu Xinli , Hirschi Kendal D. , Hyser Joseph M. , Spinler Jennifer K. , Britton Robert A. , Versalovic James
Published: March 2021

Several studies have identified an increased abundance of
Fusobacterium
in the intestinal tracts of patients with colon cancer, liver cirrhosis, primary sclerosing cholangitis, gastroesophageal reflux disease, HIV infection, and alcoholism. However, the direct mechanism(s) of action of
Fusobacterium
on pathophysiological within the gastrointestinal tract is unclear.
Supplemental Material: Spatio-temporal patterns of Pyrenean exhumation revealed by inverse thermo-kinematic modeling of a large thermochronologic data set
Authors: Ellis Curry Magdalena , al. et
Published: March 2021

Data table and supplemental figures.
Supplemental Material: New multicellular marine macroalgae from the early Tonian of northwestern Canada
Authors: Maloney Katie , al. et
Published: March 2021

Detailed description of methods, geological setting, Proterozoic life, and additional figures for each morphologic characteristic.
The May-Hegglin anomaly: a rare cause of a common complaint
Authors: Reddy Priyanka , Kollipara Revathi , Shammo Jamile M , Loew Jerome
Published: March 2021

May-Hegglin anomaly is the presentation of a qualitative platelet disorder characterised by large platelets, thrombocytopenia and granulocyte inclusions as a result of mutations in theMYH9gene. Though often overlooked given its rarity, it should be considered in patients who present with epistaxis, bruising, menorrhagia and easy bleeding as it can be mistaken for other diagnoses resulting in unnecessary treatments and tests. Our case study reports one presentation of this anomaly and can help broaden awareness of the presentation of this type of patient.
Post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder as a cause of oesophageal ulceration and stricture: case report and literature review
Authors: Mukhtar Mariam S , Wolman Stephen L
Published: March 2021

Post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD) of the oesophagus is a rare complication of solid organ transplant that requires a high index of suspicion to diagnose. A literature review conducted on Ovid Medline database retrieved 24 articles, among which five previous cases of oesophageal PTLD were identified. Development of oesophageal strictures related to PTLD has not been reported in the literature. We report a case of oesophageal PTLD following lung transplant, presenting with extensive, circumferential ulceration in the oesophagus. PTLD was successfully treated with chemotherapy but subsequently, this patient developed a severe oesophageal stricture at the site of her PTLD. She presented with an episode of food bolus impaction requiring endoscopic retrieval. In the following years, our patient required multiple endoscopic dilatations of this PTLD-related oesophageal stricture.
Obstructive spirometry pattern and the risk of chronic kidney disease: analysis from the community-based prospective Ansan-Ansung cohort in Korea
Authors: Kim Sang Hyuk , Kim Hyeon Sam , Min Hyang Ki , Lee Sung Woo
Published: March 2021

Objective

There have been limited studies on the relationship between obstructive spirometry pattern and the development of chronic kidney disease (CKD). We investigated the association between obstructive spirometry pattern and incident CKD development in a large-scale prospective cohort study.

Methods

We reviewed the data of 7960 non-CKD adults aged 40–69 years who participated in the Ansung-Ansan cohort, a prospective community-based cohort study. Prebronchodilation results for the ratio of forced expiratory volume per 1 s (FEV1) to forced vital capacity (FVC) were used as the primary exposure. The primary outcome was incident CKD, defined as the first event of an estimated glomerular filtration rate <60 mL/min/1.73 m2. HRs and 95% CIs were calculated using multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression analysis.

Results

Over a mean follow-up period of 11.7 years, incident CKD developed in 511 subjects (6.4%). An increase of 0.1 in FEV1/FVC was associated with a decreased risk of incident CKD (HR 0.76, 95% CI 0.68 to 0.84, p<0.001). Compared with the fourth quartile, the HR (95 % CI) of the first quartile of FEV1/FVC ratio was 1.81 (1.39 to 2.36, p<0.001). In the restricted cubic spline curve, the renal hazard associated with a decreased FEV1/FVC ratio was evident at FEV1/FVC values <0.80, showing a U-shaped relationship. In subgroup analysis, the renal hazard associated with a decreased FEV1/FVC ratio was particularly evident in people without metabolic syndrome (p for interaction=0.018).

Conclusion

Decreased FEV1/FVC ratio was independently associated with an increased risk of incident CKD development, particularly in people without metabolic syndrome. Future studies need to be conducted to confirm these results.
Impacts of the Qingcaosha Reservoir on saltwater intrusion in the Changjiang Estuary
Authors: Ding Zhangliang , Zhu Jianrong , Lyu Hanghang
Published: March 2021

The massive Qingcaosha Reservoir (QCSR) is located in the Changjiang Estuary along the northwest coast of Changxing Island. The reservoir significantly narrowed the upper reaches of the North Channel and deepened the channel near the reservoir. These topographical changes inevitably influenced hydrodynamic processes and saltwater intrusion in the estuary. A well-validated model was employed to investigate the influence of the QCSR on saltwater intrusion in the Changjiang Estuary. The model results showed that the narrowed upper reaches of the North Channel decreased the water diversion ratio and thus increased salinity in the North Channel. During the moderate tide after neap tide, the salinity decreased at the water intake of the QCSR because saltwater intrusion was obstructed at flood slack at the surface, while the salinity increase during the moderate tide after spring tide was mainly due to the intensified saltwater intrusion during spring tide. The deepening of the channel near the QCSR resulted in an increased water diversion ratio, and the salinity in the Eastern Chongming Shoal decreased by more than 0.5 psu during spring tide; however, the saltwater intrusion was enhanced due to the strengthened baroclinic force, which is proportional to the water depth. During neap tide, the salinity in the entire North Channel decreased because of a 1.4% increase in the water diversion ratio of the North Channel and the relatively weak tide.
The study of exotic state $$Z_c^{\pm }(3900)$$ decaying to $$J/\psi \pi ^{\pm }$$ in the pp collisions at $$\sqrt{s}$$ = 1.96, 7, and 13 TeV
Authors: Zhang Zhen , Zheng Liang , Chen Gang , Xu Hong-Ge , Zhou Dai-Mei , Yan Yu-Liang , Sa Ben-Hao
Published: March 2021

A dynamically constrained phase-space coalescence model and PACIAE model are used to predict the exotic resonant state $$Z_c^{\pm }(3900)$$

Z
c
±

(
3900
)

yield in pp collisions at $$\sqrt{s} = 1.96, 7$$

s

=
1.96
,
7

and 13 TeV, respectively, which are estimated to be around $$10^{-6}$$

10

-
6

to $$10^{-5}$$

10

-
5

based on the $$J/\psi \pi ^{\pm }$$

J
/
ψ

π
±

bound state in the decay chain of b hadrons. The energy dependence of the transverse momentum distributions and rapidity distributions with $$|y|<6$$

|
y
|
<
6

and $$p_{T}<10$$

p
T

<
10

GeV/c are also calculated for $${Z_c^{+}(3900)}$$

Z
c
+

(
3900
)

and $${Z_c^{-}(3900)}$$

Z
c
-

(
3900
)

. The production of $${Z_c^{+}(3900)}$$

Z
c
+

(
3900
)

and its anti-particle $${Z_c^{-}(3900)}$$

Z
c
-

(
3900
)

are found to be quite similar to each other.
Continuous automorphisms of Cremona groups
Authors: Urech Christian , Zimmermann Susanna
Published: March 2021

We show that if a group automorphism of a Cremona group of arbitrary rank is also a homeomorphism with respect to either the Zariski or the Euclidean topology, then it is inner up to a field automorphism of the base-field. Moreover, we show that a similar result holds if we consider groups of polynomial automorphisms of affine spaces instead of Cremona groups.
Exploration of the coupling between thrust and interference in Taiji-1
Authors: Wang Juan , Yang Ran , Niu Yu ,   On behalf of The Taiji Scientific Collaboration
Published: March 2021

As the first technology verification satellite of the space-based gravitational wave detection in China, Taiji-1 has tested the high-precision space laser interferometer, the inertial sensor, the micro thruster and the hyperstatic satellite platform in orbit. The micro thruster plays an important role in the micro propulsion system. The purposes of the research are to investigate the relationship between the thrust and the interference, and then get a comprehensive understanding about the maximum effect of the thrust in Taiji-1. The transfer function between the thrust and the optical path difference fluctuations is established through the modeling, the simulation and the data postprocessing of Taiji-1. In addition, the maximum effect of the thrust in Taiji-1 is about 32 pm/[Formula: see text] with an integration time of 100 s. It can be neglected compared to the requirement of 100 pm/[Formula: see text] for the interferometer stability in Taiji-1.
FRACTAL STUDY ON THE HEAT TRANSFER CHARACTERISTICS IN THE ROUGH MICROCHANNELS
Authors: YANG SHANSHAN
Published: March 2021

In this paper, considering the structure of the shape factor and the rough element, combined with fractal geometry theory, the shape factor, the relative increase in the heat transfer between the rough surface and the smooth surface in a fractal unit, and the fractal analytical expression of the dimensionless equivalent thermal conductivity caused by convection thermal conductivity are derived. In addition, the relationship between the microstructure parameters of the rough surface and the shape factor, the relative increase in convective heat transfer and the dimensionless equivalent thermal conductivity are studied. It is found that the relative increment of the convective heat transfer and the shape factor are proportional to the ratio of the minimum height and maximum height of the rough element and the fractal dimension, and the dimensionless equivalent thermal conductivity model deduced in this paper is compared with the existing experimental data to verify the validity of the model.
INVESTIGATION OF FRACTIONAL ORDER SINE-GORDON EQUATION USING LAPLACE ADOMIAN DECOMPOSITION METHOD
Authors: ALI AMIR , GUL ZAMIN , KHAN WAJAHAT ALI , AHMAD SAEED , ZEB SALMAN
Published: March 2021

We analytically investigate a nonlinear fractional-order sine-Gordon (sG) equation. The derivatives considered herein, are taken in Caputo’s sense. The Laplace transform together with the Adomian decomposition method (LADM) is applied to attain analytical approximation of the aforesaid equation. The sG equation having Caputo derivative is solved in the order of series solutions and the results are confirmed by considering two examples with appropriate initial conditions. The numerical simulations are accomplished to compare with the analytical approximations, where qualitatively better agreements are achieved.
Bach and Einstein’s equations in presence of a field
Authors: Anselli Andrea
Published: March 2021

The aim of this paper is to introduce and justify a possible generalization of the classic Bach field equations on a four-dimensional smooth manifold [Formula: see text] in the presence of field [Formula: see text], given by a smooth map with source [Formula: see text] and target another Riemannian manifold. Those equations are characterized by the vanishing of a two times covariant, symmetric, traceless and conformally invariant tensor field, called [Formula: see text]-Bach tensor, that in absence of the field [Formula: see text] reduces to the classic Bach tensor, and by the vanishing another tensor related to the bi-energy of [Formula: see text]. Since solutions of the Einstein-massless scalar field equations, or more generally, of the Einstein field equations with source the wave map [Formula: see text] solves those generalized Bach’s equations, we include the latter in our analysis providing a systematic study for them, relying on the recent concept of [Formula: see text]-curvatures. We take the opportunity to discuss the related topic of warped product solutions.
On revised Szeged index of a class of unicyclic graphs
Authors: Liu Hechao
Published: March 2021

Computing topological indices of graphs is a fundamental and classical topic. Let [Formula: see text] be a connected graph. The revised Szeged index [Formula: see text] is defined as [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text] (respectively, [Formula: see text]) is the number of vertices whose distance to vertex [Formula: see text] (respectively, [Formula: see text]) is smaller than the distance to vertex [Formula: see text] (respectively, [Formula: see text]), and [Formula: see text] is the number of vertices equidistant from both ends of [Formula: see text]. In this paper, we determine the smallest revised Szeged index among all conjugated unicyclic graphs (i.e., unicyclic graphs with perfect matchings), and the corresponding extremal graphs are characterized.
Gross National Happiness (GNH) as Guiding Principles in International Commercial Disputes Settlement: Appraising Appropriate Dispute Resolution for China-ASEAN Commerce
Authors: Ngo Steve
Published: March 2021

Commerce and trade between ASEAN and China continue to reach an unprecedented level in recent times, and the momentum is expected to continue due to increasing economic cooperation as well as trade activities between the countries. Commercial dispute resolution mechanisms such as arbitration and mediation are key in protecting international commerce as well as able to encourage further economic development. Nevertheless, key international dispute resolution methods such as arbitration are not without their problems and shortcomings. This paper will examine using Gross National Happiness (GNH) as possible guiding principles in the formulation of a holistic approach to current dispute resolution and the “Appropriate Dispute Resolution” method for ASEAN–China, while considering also the respective cultural and social perspectives.
Chapter 1 Introduction and tectonic framework
Authors: Scharf Andreas , Mattern Frank , Al-Wardi Mohammed , Frijia Gianluca , Moraetis Daniel , Pracejus Bernhard , Bauer Wilfried , Callegari Ivan
Published: March 2021

The extraordinary outcrop conditions provide a unique opportunity to study the geology and tectonics of the Oman Mountains, which record a geological history of more than 800 million years. We provide a summary of the geological evolution of the Oman Mountains with the emphasis on the Jabal Akhdar and Saih Hatat domes. This Memoir comprises seven chapters. This first chapter summarizes the former studies and the tectonic framework. This is followed by a comprehensive description of all geological formations/rock units (

Scharf
et al.
2021
a

, Chapter 2, this Memoir) including the famous Semail Ophiolite, the fault and fold pattern (

Scharf
et al.
2021
b

, Chapter 3, this Memoir) and the overall structure (

Scharf
et al.
2021
c

, Chapter 4, this Memoir). Chapter 5 (

Scharf
et al.
2021
d

) explains the varied tectonic evolution of the study area, ranging from the Neoproterozoic until present, while Chapter 6 (

Scharf
et al.
2021
e

) contains the conclusions and a catalogue of open questions. Finally, Chapter 7 (

Scharf
et al.
2021
f

) provides two over-sized geological maps (1 : 250 000 version available online) and a correlation chart, providing an overview of the geological units/formations. This volume is of interest for all geoscientists, geoscience students and professionals studying the Oman Mountains on the surface as well as in the subsurface because it represents a comprehensive and detailed reference.
Chapter 6.1 Marine record of Antarctic volcanism from drill cores
Authors: Di Roberto Alessio , Del Carlo Paola , Pompilio Massimo
Published: March 2021

We review here data and information on Antarctic volcanism resulting from recent tephrostratigraphic investigations on marine cores. Records include deep drill cores recovered during oceanographic expeditions: DSDP, ODP and IODP drill cores recovered during ice-based and land-based international cooperative drilling programmes DVDP 15, MSSTS-1, CIROS-1 and CIROS-2, DVDP 15, CRP-1, CRP-2/2A and CRP-3, ANDRILL-MIS and ANDRILL-SMS, and shallow gravity and piston cores recovered in the Antarctic and sub-Antarctic oceans. We report on the identification of visible volcaniclastic horizons and, in particular, of primary tephra within the marine sequences. Where available, the results of analyses carried out on these products are presented. The volcanic material identified differs in its nature, composition and emplacement mechanisms. It was derived from different sources on the Antarctic continent and was emplaced over a wide time span.

Marine sediments contain a more complete record of the explosive activity from Antarctic volcanoes and are complementary to those obtained by land-based studies. This record provides important information for volcanological reconstructions including approximate intensities and magnitudes of eruptions, and their duration, age and recurrence, as well as their eruptive dynamics. In addition, characterized tephra layers represent an invaluable chronological tool essential in establishing correlations between different archives and in synchronizing climate records.
Boosted microbial productivity during the Toarcian Oceanic Anoxic Event in the Paris Basin, France: new evidence from organic geochemistry and petrographic analysis
Authors: Fonseca Carolina , Mendonça Filho João Graciano , Lézin Carine , Baudin François , de Oliveira António Donizeti , Souza Jaqueline Torres , Duarte Luís V.
Published: March 2021

The Toarcian Oceanic Anoxic Event (T-OAE) is marked by major palaeoenvironmental and palaeoceanographical changes on a global scale, associated with a severe disturbance of the global carbon cycle and organic-rich facies deposition. Here, a multiproxy approach (petrographic and geochemical techniques) was applied to the study of the organic content of the T-OAE of the Paris Basin, whose phytoplanktonic origin has been previously inferred by its geochemical signature.

The top of the
tenuicostatum
Zone is characterized by palynomorphs and marine phytoplankton-derived amorphous organic matter (AOM), representing a proximal marine environment with emplacement of euxinic conditions at the top (total organic carbon/sulfur content and increase in AOM). At the base of the
serpentinum
Zone the proliferation of bacterial biomass begins, with phytoplankton playing a secondary role. This indicates the development of stagnant and restrictive conditions in a proximal environment, with water column stratification (neohop-13(18)-ene). The majority of the
serpentinum
Zone is dominated by bacterial biomass, suggesting a marine environment with bottom-water stagnation, possibly related to basin palaeogeomorphology and circulation patterns, with episodic euxinia.

This therefore suggests that the T-OAE organic fraction is dominated by bacterial biomass, not phytoplankton, showing the importance of an integrated approach to the determination of the organic facies.
Demystifying the Diffuse Vibrational Spectrum of Aqueous Protons Through Cold Cluster Spectroscopy
Authors: Zeng Helen J. , Johnson Mark A.
Published: March 2021

The ease with which the pH is routinely determined for aqueous solutions masks the fact that the cationic product of Arrhenius acid dissolution, the hydrated proton, or H+(aq), is a remarkably complex species. Here, we review how results obtained over the past 30 years in the study of H+⋅(H2O) n cluster ions isolated in the gas phase shed light on the chemical nature of H+(aq). This effort has also revealed molecular-level aspects of the Grotthuss relay mechanism for positive-charge translocation in water. Recently developed methods involving cryogenic cooling in radiofrequency ion traps and the application of two-color, infrared–infrared (IR–IR) double-resonance spectroscopy have established a clear picture of how local hydrogen-bond topology drives the diverse spectral signatures of the excess proton. This information now enables a new generation of cluster studies designed to unravel the microscopic mechanics underlying the ultrafast relaxation dynamics displayed by H+(aq).
Defect Structure, Transport Properties, and Chemical Expansion in Ba0.95La0.05FeO3–

δ
Authors: Bae Hohan , Singh Bhupendra , Mathur Lakshya , Joo Jong Hoon , Song Sun-Ju
Published: March 2021

This work systematically investigates the oxygen nonstoichiometry, defect structure and mass/charge transport properties of Ba0.95La0.05FeO3−δ
(BLF). Thermogravimetric measurement and coulometric titration were performed to determine change in oxygen nonstoichiometry (δ) with oxygen partial pressure (

P

O

2

) in 10−17 ≤ (

P

O

2

/atm) ≤ 0.21 and 850 ≤ (T/°C)≤900 range. The δ−

P

O

2

−T plot showed “S-type” shape with a crossover plateau around δ ≈ 0.475. Defect modelling was used to explain the nonstoichiometry data and partial molar thermodynamic quantities for oxygen were determined. The DC 4-probe conductivity measurement was performed which showed a typical semiconductor-to-metal transition with temperature around the conductivity maxima at 450 °C. Electrical conductivity relaxation (ECR) measurement was performed to extract partial ionic conductivity, chemical diffusivity and surface exchange kinetics of oxygen ion by using Nernst-Einstein equation and Fick’s law. Isothermal chemical expansion was measured by dilatometry measurement in the range of 10−2 ≤ (

P

O

2

/atm) ≤ 0.21 and 850 ≤ (T/°C) ≤ 950.
Apigenin promotes osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells and accelerates bone fracture healing via activating Wnt/β-catenin signaling
Authors: Pan Fei-fei , Shao Jiang , Shi Chuan-Jian , Li Zhi-peng , Fu Wei-ming , Zhang Jin-fang
Published: March 2021

1) API promoted osteogenic differentiation of human MSCs in vitro; 2) API facilitated bone formation and accelerated fracture healing in vivo; 3) API stimulated Wnt/β-catenin signaling during osteogenesis of human MSCs.
Precision and accuracy of hyperglycemic clamps in a multicenter study
Authors: Mather Kieren J. , Tjaden Ashley H. , Hoehn Adam , Nadeau Kristen J. , Buchanan Thomas A. , Kahn Steven E. , Arslanian Silva A. , Caprio Sonia , Atkinson Karen M. , Cree-Green Melanie , Utzschneider Kristina M. , Edelstein Sharon L. ,   the RISE Consortium
Published: March 2021

The Restoring Insulin Secretion (RISE) study centers undertook hyperglycemic clamps using a simplified methodology and a decision guidance algorithm implemented in an easy-to-use spreadsheet. This approach, combined with active management including ongoing central data surveillance and routine feedback to study centers, produced technically excellent standardization of achieved glucose concentrations on repeat studies within and across study centers.
Exercise training and diet-induced weight loss increase markers of hepatic bile acid (BA) synthesis and reduce serum total BA concentrations in obese women
Authors: Mercer Kelly E. , Maurer Adrianna , Pack Lindsay M. , Ono-Moore Kikumi , Spray Beverly J. , Campbell Caitlin , Chandler Carol J. , Burnett Dustin , Souza Elaine , Casazza Gretchen , Keim Nancy , Newman John , Hunter Gary , Fernadez Jose , Garvey W. Timothy , Harper Mary-Ellen , Hoppel Charles , Adams Sean H. , Thyfault John
Published: March 2021

Exercise and weight loss in previously sedentary, insulin-resistant women facilitates a significant improvement in insulin sensitivity and fitness that may be linked to changes in bile acid metabolism. Diet-induced weight loss plus exercise-induced increases in fitness promote greater postabsorptive bile acid synthesis while also sensitizing the bile acid metabolic system to feedback inhibition during a glucose challenge when glucose and insulin are elevated.
RSSI-Controlled Long-Range Communication in Secured IoT-Enabled Unmanned Aerial Vehicles
Authors: Khan Inam Ullah , Alturki Ryan , Alyamani Hasan J. , Ikram Mohammed Abdulaziz , Aziz Muhammad Adnan , Hoang Vinh Truong , Cheema Tanweer Ahmad
Published: March 2021

Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) has recently gained significant attention due to their efficient structures, cost-effectiveness, easy availability, and tendency to form an ad hoc wireless mobile network. IoT-enabled UAV is a new research domain that uses location tracking with the advancement of aerial technology. In this context, the importance of 3D aerial networks is attracting a lot of attention recently. It has various applications related to information processing, communication, and location-based services. Location identification of wireless nodes is a challenging job and of extreme importance. In this study, we introduced a novel technique for finding indoor and open-air three-dimensional (3D) areas of nodes by measuring the signal strength. The mathematical formulation is based on a path loss model and decision tree machine learning classifier. We constructed 2D and 3D models to gather more accurate information on the nodes. Simulation findings demonstrate that the proposed machine learning-based model excels in nodes location estimation, the actual and estimated distance of different nodes, and calculation of received signal strength in aerial ad hoc networks. In addition, the decision tree constructs an offline phase control in the flying vehicle’s location to enhance the time complexity along with experimental accuracy.
Plant‐Based Foods and Their Bioactive Compounds on Fatty Liver Disease: Effects, Mechanisms, and Clinical Application
Authors: Li Hang-Yu , Gan Ren-You , Shang Ao , Mao Qian-Qian , Sun Quan-Cai , Wu Ding-Tao , Geng Fang , He Xiao-Qin , Li Hua-Bin
Published: March 2021

Fatty liver disease (FLD), including nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and alcoholic fatty liver disease (AFLD), is a serious chronic metabolic disease that affects a wide range of people. Lipid accumulation accompanied by oxidative stress and inflammation in the liver is the most important pathogenesis of FLD. The plant‐based, high‐fiber, and low‐fat diet has been recommended to manage FLD for a long time. This review discusses the current state of the art into the effects, mechanisms, and clinical application of plant‐based foods in NAFLD and AFLD, with highlighting related molecular mechanisms. Epidemiological evidence revealed that the consumption of several plant‐based foods was beneficial to alleviating FLD. Further experimental studies found out that fruits, spices, teas, coffee, and other plants, as well as their bioactive compounds, such as resveratrol, anthocyanin, curcumin, and tea polyphenols, could alleviate FLD by ameliorating hepatic steatosis, oxidative stress, inflammation, gut dysbiosis, and apoptosis, as well as regulating autophagy and ethanol metabolism. More importantly, clinical trials confirmed the beneficial effects of plant‐based foods on patients with fatty liver. However, several issues need to be further studied especially the safety and effective doses of plant‐based foods and their bioactive compounds. Overall, certain plant‐based foods are promising natural sources of bioactive compounds to prevent and alleviate fatty liver disease.
A Low‐Profile Circularly Polarized Conical‐Beam Antenna with Wide Overlap Bandwidth
Authors: He Wei , He Yejun , Zhang Long , Wong Sai-Wai , Li Wenting , Boag Amir
Published: March 2021

In this paper, a low‐profile circularly polarized (CP) conical‐beam antenna with a wide overlap bandwidth is presented. Such an antenna is constructed on the two sides of a square substrate. The antenna consists of a wideband monopolar patch antenna fed by a probe in the center and two sets of arc‐hook‐shaped branches. The monopolar patch antenna is loaded by a set of conductive shorting vias to achieve a wideband vertically polarized electric field. Two sets of arc‐hook‐shaped parasitic branches connected to the patch and ground plane can generate a horizontally polarized electric field. To further increase the bandwidth of the horizontally polarized electric field, two types of arc‐hook‐shaped branches with different sizes are used, which can generate another resonant frequency. When the parameters of the arc‐hook‐shaped branches are reasonably adjusted, a 90° phase difference can be generated between the vertically polarized electric field and the horizontally polarized electric field, so that the antenna can produce a wideband CP radiation pattern with a conical beam. The proposed antenna has a wide impedance bandwidth (∣S11 | <−10 dB) of 35.6% (4.97‐7.14 GHz) and a 3 dB axial ratio (AR) bandwidth at phi = 0° and theta = 35° of about 30.1% (4.97‐6.73 GHz). Compared with the earlier reported conical‐beam CP antennas, an important feature of the proposed antenna is that the AR bandwidth is completely included in the impedance bandwidth, that is, the overlap bandwidth of ∣S11 | <−10 dB and AR < 3 dB is 30.1%. Moreover, the stable omnidirectional conical‐beam radiation patterns can be maintained within the whole operational bandwidth.
Analysis of Immune Gene Expression Subtypes Reveals Osteosarcoma Immune Heterogeneity
Authors: Wan Ben , Wang Renxian , Nie Jingjun , Sun Yuyang , Zhang Bowen , Liu Weifeng , Chen Dafu
Published: March 2021

Background. Osteosarcoma (OS) patients have a poor response to immunotherapy due to the sheer complexity of the immune system and the nuances of the tumor-immune microenvironment. Methodology. To gain insights into the immune heterogeneity of OS, we identified robust clusters of patients based on the immune gene expression profiles of OS patients in the TARGET database and assessed their reproducibility in an independent cohort collected from the GEO database. The association of comprehensive molecular characterization with reproducible immune subtypes was accessed with ANOVA. Furthermore, we visualized the distribution of individual patients in a tree structure by the graph structure learning-based dimensionality reduction algorithm. Results. We found that 87 OS samples can be divided into 5 immune subtypes, and each of them was associated with distinct clinical outcomes. The immune subtypes also demonstrated widely different patterns in tumor genetic aberrations, tumor-infiltrating, immune cell composition, and cytokine profiles. The immune landscape of OS uncovered the significant intracluster heterogeneity within each subtype and depicted a continuous immune spectrum across patients. Conclusion. The established five immune subtypes in our study suggested immune heterogeneity in OS patients and may provide optimal individual immunotherapy for patients exhibiting OS.
An Approach to the Extremal Inverse Degree Index for Families of Graphs with Transformation Effect
Authors: Asif Muhammad , Hussain Muhammad , Almohamedh Hamad , Alhamed Khalid M. , Almotairi Sultan
Published: March 2021

The inverse degree index is a topological index first appeared as a conjuncture made by computer program Graffiti in 1988. In this work, we use transformations over graphs and characterize the inverse degree index for these transformed families of graphs. We established bonds for different families of

n

-vertex connected graph with pendent paths of fixed length attached with fully connected vertices under the effect of transformations applied on these paths. Moreover, we computed exact values of the inverse degree index for regular graph specifically unicyclic graph.
Stability Control Mechanism of High‐Stress Roadway Surrounding Rock by Roof Fracturing and Rock Mass Filling
Authors: Qi Fuzhou , Ma Zhanguo , Yang Dangwei , Li Ning , Li Bin , Wang Zhiliu , Ma Weixia
Published: March 2021

Large deformation of roadway and coal bump failures have always been the focus in deep underground engineering. By considering the Lu’an mining district in China, the failure mode and stability improvement process of high‐stress roadways were analysed with the field tests and numerical simulations. The field test results showed that a great amount of deformation and serious damage occurred in surrounding rocks during panel retreat due to the suspended roof. A novel approach employing roof fracturing and collapsed rock filling effect was adopted to maintain the roadway stability. A numerical model was established with the Universal Distinct Element Code (UDEC) to research the fracturing characteristics between the roadway and gob roofs and the stress change in the surrounding rock. The modelling results demonstrated that, without fracturing roof, the peak vertical stress of the coal pillar was 18.3 MPa and the peak vertical stress of the virgin coal rib was 15.6 MPa. The roadway was in a state of high stress. With fracturing roof, the peak vertical stress of coal pillar was 9.3 MPa and the peak vertical stress of virgin coal rib was 13.4 MPa. The fractured rock mass in the gob expanded in volume and provided supporting resistance to the overlying strata, which relieved stress concentrations in the coal pillar. Field measurement results indicated that the roadway large deformation was successfully resolved during excavation and panel retreat after implementing the novel approach, providing useful references for the application of this novel approach in similar coal mines.
Effect of Optimal Subsidy Rate and Strategic Behaviour of Supply Chain Members under Competition on Green Product Retailing
Authors: Saha Subrata , Nielsen Izabela , Sana Shib Sankar
Published: March 2021

This paper investigates the impact of the subsidy and horizontal strategic cooperation on a green supply chain where two competing manufacturers distribute substitutable green products through exclusive retailers. Models are formulated in three-stage game structures in five different scenarios, where the government organization determines optimal subsidy by pursuing social welfare maximization. Both manufacturers invest in improving green quality levels of products. The study aims to explore the advantage of vertical integration and strategic collusion from the perspective of green supply chain practice in the presence of subsidy. The key contributions from the present study indicate that under competition, members of both supply chains are able to receive higher profits through horizontal collusion, but green quality levels of the product remain suboptimal. If upstream manufacturers cooperate, government subsidy does not necessarily improve product quality level, and the amount of government expenditure increased substantially. By comparing outcomes where members are vertically integrated with scenarios where members make strategic collusion, we found that the former might outperform by later. Cross-price sensitivity appears as a significant parameter affecting supply chain members’ performance and the amount of government expenditure. Cooperation between members at the horizontal level is a more robust strategic measure than vertical integration if consumers are highly price-sensitive.
Experimental and Numerical Analysis of Rock Burst Tendency and Crack Development Characteristics of Tianhu Granite
Authors: Hu Jinzhu , Wang Yajun , Ma Zimin , Ma Xingen , Zhang Xingyu , Yu Guangyuan
Published: March 2021

Rock burst is a serious nonlinear dynamic geological hazard in underground engineering construction. In this paper, a true triaxial unloading rock burst experiment and numerical simulation are carried out on Tianhu granite to investigate the rock burst tendency and crack development characteristics of surrounding rock after excavation. The experiment and numerical simulation process monitored the rock burst stress path to determine the rock burst stress. According to the evolution law of the frequency and amplitude of rock burst acoustic emission monitoring, the shape characteristics of rock burst fragments are analyzed. The rock burst numerical simulation analysis is carried out by the PFC software, and the temporal and spatial evolution law of cracks is obtained. The research results show that the laboratory experiment and numerical simulation of Tianhu granite have rock burst strengths of 163.4 MPa and 161 MPa, respectively, and the average rock burst stress ratio is 8.38, that is, the Tianhu granite has a low rock burst tendency. During the rock burst, the development of tensile cracks will produce flaky debris, and the development of shear cracks will produce lumpy debris. Rock burst will happen when the crack growth rate to be exceeded the unloading crack growth rate; therefore, it can be used as a precursor signal for the occurrence of rock burst.
Abstract PR-01: Real-time, point-of-care pathology diagnosis via embedded deep learning
Authors: Chen Bowen , Lu Max , Lipkova Jana , Mahmood Faisal
Published: March 2021

There is an urgent need for widespread cancer diagnosis in low resource settings, especially in contrast to areas with developed healthcare systems. According to a study in The Lancet, in the U.S. there is one pathologist for every 20,000 individuals, while in Sub-Saharan Africa, there is only one for every million. In addition, current telepathology systems for cancer diagnosis mostly rely on pathologists performing remotely, which is low-throughput and requires more time and resources. With the growth of telepathology, remote diagnosis becomes a viable solution to address the lack of skilled pathologists in developing regions. Here, we present a cost-efficient device that incorporates embedded deep learning to achieve real time, point-of-care diagnosis of whole pathology slides. We achieve this with a low-cost, 3D-printable microscope that uses the Raspberry Pi and camera module to capture high-resolution images of slides. Then, using a weakly-supervised deep-learning model run on the NVIDIA Jetson Nano, the device is able to accurately classify the whole slide without any pixel-level annotations. Furthermore, the model’s attention-based approach to diagnosis allows us to generate human-interpretable heatmaps displaying the regions most influential to the model’s diagnosis. Our device also incorporates a touch screen and batteries to increase accessibility as an easy-to-use and low maintenance device while still maintaining an efficient runtime given the available resources. Overall, we demonstrate that the device is capable of achieving accurate, high-throughput, and interpretable cancer diagnoses in low resource settings.

Citation Format: Bowen Chen, Max Lu, Jana Lipkova, Faisal Mahmood. Real-time, point-of-care pathology diagnosis via embedded deep learning [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Virtual Special Conference on Artificial Intelligence, Diagnosis, and Imaging; 2021 Jan 13-14. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2021;27(5_Suppl):Abstract nr PR-01.