bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessment of the safety of skin antiseptics by the method of in vitro
Authors:   Scientific Research Disinfectology Institute of Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing, Bidevkina Marina Vasilevna , Potapova Tatyana Nikolaevna ,   Scientific Research Disinfectology Institute of Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing, Matrosenko Margarita Vladimirovna ,   Scientific Research Disinfectology Institute of Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing
Published: June 2021

InVitro laboratory has investigated and made comparative analysis of irritant effect of disinfectants on rabbits. Main active substances of studied skin antiseptics were: alcohols, chlorhexidine bigluconate, alkyldime­thylbenzylammonium chloride, didecyldimethylammonium chloride, N,N-bis(3-aminopropyl)dodecylamine. Has been developed method for evaluating the irritant effect of skin antiseptics on bull sperm suspensions.
Ordu Büyükşehir Belediyesi Twitter Platformunun Belediyenin Kurumsal İmajına Katkısı
Authors: YAVUZ Cavit , ZAVALSIZ Hasan Basri
Published: June 2021

Teknolojin hızla gelişmesi internet alanında da bir takım yenilikleri beraberinde getirmektedir. Her geçen gün inovasyonel bir değişim yaşayan internet dünyası, sürekli gelişerek bireylerin olduğu kadar kurum ve kuruluşların da önemli bir iletişim unsuru haline gelmiştir. Faaliyetlerini internet ortamında hedef kitlelerine ulaştırmak isteyen kurum ve kuruluşlar, bünyelerinde imaj çalışmalarına önem vererek buna yönelik çabalar içerisinde olmaktadırlar. Bu manada kurum ve kuruluşlar oluşturdukları kurumsal imajlarını, imaj yönetimi marifetiyle uzun vadede korumaya çalışmaktadırlar. Yerel yönetimlerin bir kolu olan belediyeler de oluşturmuş olduğu kurumsal imaj çalışmalarını geliştirme çabası içindedir. Günümüzde belediyeler yapmış oldukları çalışmaları geleneksel medya araçlarının yanı sıra sosyal medya platformlarında da hedef kitlelerine ulaştırmaktadırlar. Çalışmamızda, Ordu Büyükşehir Belediyesi’nin 01.09.2019 – 30.09.2019 tarihleri arasında günümüzün önemli bir sosyal medya platformu olan Twitter ortamında yapmış olduğu paylaşımlar içerik analizi yöntemi kullanılarak incelenmeye çalışılmıştır. Çalışmanın sonucunda; Ordu Büyükşehir Belediyesi Twitter platformu üzerinden bahse konu tarihler arasında yapmış olduğu paylaşımların hem ulusal basında hem de yerel medya organlarında yer almasından, ilgili platformun aktif bir biçimde kullandığı anlaşılmaktadır. Yapılan paylaşımlar; duyuru, haber, hizmet, kutlama, tanıtım ve ziyaret kategorisinde ele alınmış olup; büyük bir kısmında hedef kitlenin bilgilendirilmesine yönelik paylaşımlar yapıldığı görülmüştür. Ancak yapılan paylaşımlardan bazıları belediyenin kurumsal imajına katkı sağlarken bazı paylaşımlarında ise kurumsal imaja zarar verdiği düşünülmektedir.
Amino Acid Composition Determination of the Regulatory Complex "Baipas" by Capillary Electrophoresis Method
Authors: Капитонова Е.А. , Янченко В.В.
Published: June 2021

Отрасль птицеводства играет ведущую роль в обеспечении населения полноценными продуктами питания. Признавая тот факт, что продуктивность сельскохозяйственной птицы напрямую зависит от уровня кормления, учёным приходится изыскивать резервы кормовой базы для полноценного обеспечения гранулы комбикорма всеми необходимыми питательными элементами. Нами был изучен аминокислотный профиль многокомпонентного регуляторного комплекса «Байпас», который полностью восполняет потребность птицы в аминокислотах. Нашими исследованиями установлено, что ядро аминокислотной составляющей кормовой добавки представляют три аминокислоты: аргинин, глицин и лизин. В целом кормовая добавка содержит 13 аминокислот, что положительно отразится на усвоении питательных элементов комбикорма, а, следовательно, на продуктивности сельскохозяйственной птицы.

The poultry-rearing industry plays a leading role in providing the population with balanced food products. Recognizing the fact that the productivity of agricultural poultry directly depends on the level of feeding, scientists have to find reserves of the fodder base to fully provide the compound animal feedstuff pellets with all the necessary nutrients. We have studied the amino acid profile of the multicomponent regulatory complex "Baipas", which fully meets the need for amino acids in poultry. Our researches have found that the nucleus of the amino acid component of the feed additive is represented by three amino acids: arginine, glycine and lysine. In general, the feed additive contains 13 amino acids, which will positively affect the absorption of nutritional elements of compound animal feedstuff, and, therefore, the productivity of poultry.
PENANGGULANGAN PENCEMARAN LINGKUNGAN LAUT MENURUT UNDANG-UNDANG NOMOR 32 TAHUN 2014 TENTANG KELAUTAN
Authors: Lambonan Jestika Erika
Published: June 2021

Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana terjadinya pencemaran lingkungan laut di wilayah perairan Indonesia  dan bagaimana penanggulangan pencemaran lingkungan laut menurut Undang-Undang Nomor 32 Tahun 2014 Tentang Kelautan. Dengan menggunakan metode peneltian yuridis normatif, disimpulkan: 1. Terjadinya pencemaran lingkungan laut di wilayah perairan Indonesia disebabkan oleh pencemaran yang berasal dari daratan, kegiatan di laut dan kegiatan dari udara.  Pencemaran laut dapat terjadi:  di wilayah perairan atau wilayah yurisdiksi atau dari luar wilayah perairan atau dari luar wilayah yurisdiksi Indonesia. Bencana Kelautan dapat terjadi disebabkan oleh pencemaran lingkungan; dan/atau pemanasan global.  Proses penyelesaian sengketa dan penerapan sanksi pencemaran laut dilaksanakan berdasarkan prinsip pencemar membayar dan prinsip kehati-hatian. 2. Penanggulangan pencemaran lingkungan laut menurut Undang-Undang Nomor 32 Tahun 2014 Tentang Kelautan dilaksanakan oleh pemerintah dengan menetapkan kebijakan penanggulangan dampak pencemaran laut dan bencana Kelautan melalui: pengembangan sistem mitigasi bencana dan pengembangan sistem peringatan dini (early warning system) serta pengembangan perencanaan nasional tanggap darurat tumpahan minyak di Laut dan pengembangan sistem pengendalian pencemaran Laut dan kerusakan ekosistem Laut termasuk pengendalian dampak sisa-sisa bangunan di Laut dan aktivitas di Laut.Kata kunci: Penanggulangan,  Pencemaran,  Lingkungan Laut
Hyperspectral Image Processing in Internet of Things model using Clustering Algorithm
Authors: V Bindhu , G Ranganathan
Published: June 2021

With the advent of technology, several domains have b on Internet of Things (IoT). The hyper spectral sensors present in earth observation system sends hyper spectral images (HSIs) to the cloud for further processing. Artificial intelligence (AI) models are used to analyse data in edge servers, resulting in a faster response time and reduced cost. Hyperspectral images and other high-dimensional image data may be analysed by using a core AI model called subspace clustering. The existing subspace clustering algorithms are easily affected by noise since they are constructed based on a single model. The representation coefficient matrix connectivity and sparsity is hardly balanced. In this paper, connectivity and sparsity factors are considered while proposing the subspace clustering algorithm with post-process strategy. A non-dominated sorting algorithm is used for that selection of close neighbours that are defined as neighbours with high coefficient and common neighbours. Further, pruning of useless, incorrect or reserved connections based on the coefficients between the close and sample neighbours are performed. Lastly, inter and intra subspace connections are reserved by the post-process strategy. In the field of IoT and image recognition, the conventional techniques are compared with the proposed post-processing strategies to verify its effectiveness and universality. The clustering accuracy may be improved in the IoT environment while processing the noise data using the proposed strategy as observed in the experimental results.
Agronomic and Morpho-Physiological Characterization of Some Advanced Lines being Selected in Durum Wheat Cultivated in Semi-Arid Conditions
Authors: Messaoudi Noura  , Benderradji Laid  , Bouzerzour Hammena  , Benmahammed Ammar  , Brini Faiçal
Published: June 2021

Knowledge of agro-physiological traits associated with drought tolerance would be useful for developing breeding materials for drought-prone environments. This study was conducted to estimate genetic variability among nine durum wheat genotypes in response to drought. Our results indicated that the effect of the campaign, genotype, and genotype × interaction was significant for the thirteen variables measured, except for the relative water content. The variability observed was greater for grain yield, biomass, ear fertility, straw and economic yields, chlorophyll content, and cell integrity. Heritability was high for the number of grains per ear and the chlorophyll content; medium for thousand kernel weights, low for grain yield, biomass, and economic yield, and zero for the rest of the variables measured. The results also showed that the agro-morphological characters were significantly linked to each other, unlike the physiological characters which showed non-significant relation between them and with the agro-morphological characters. This suggests that among the varieties evaluated, the selection of those which are tolerant and with high yield potential should therefore be made on a case-by-case basis and not based on a specific physiological character, a marker of tolerance, highly correlated with yield grain. The nine varieties evaluated were subdivided into three divergent clusters of three varieties each. Cluster C1 consists of the least performing varieties, unlike the other two clusters which bring appreciable gains for several characteristics including grain yield, biomass, the weight of 1000 grains, straw yield, and ear fertility and a marked improvement in chlorophyll content and a significant reduction in damage to the cell membrane by thermal stress. In conclusion and following their divergence, it is suggested to use the varieties of clusters C2 and C3 in crossing with the varieties of cluster C1 to improve and reconcile stress tolerance and yield potential in the same genetic background.
Masculino-femenino: Implicaciones de la abundancia de pelo en la percepción de género
Authors: Bouzas Loureiro Nuria
Published: June 2021

El pelo es un elemento que ha estado presente en la evolución humana desde tiempos inmemoriales. El nacimiento desmesurado de pelo en el cuerpo parte de una realidad histórica, ya que son fruto de enfermedades reales: la hipertricosis y el hirsutismo. Tomando como punto de partida la imagen de la mujer barbuda, abordaremos los estereotipos sobre la sexualidad femenina, los ideales de belleza y la definición de género que son retomados en la creación de obras del arte contemporáneo en las que la ausencia o presencia del pelo y su ubicación corporal constituye un elemento decisivo.
Faktor–Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Cash Holding Pada Perusahaan Sektor Industri Barang Konsumsi
Authors: Dwi Aristi Mentari , Khalida Melsa , Azmi Zul
Published: June 2021

This study aimed to examine and discover the effect of leverage, capital expenditure, sales growth, and cash flow to cash holding. The population of this study is consumer goods industry company that listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange from 2015 to 2017. The sample selection setting by purposive sampling method and the spesific criteria are as many as 10 companies. The analysis used multiple linear regression. The result show that capital expenditure and sales growth has no effect on cash holding, while leverage and cash flow has negative effect on cash holding. The F test, indicating that the variables of leverage, capital expenditure, sales growth, and cash flow simultaneous has effect on cash holding.
Climate Risk and Early Warning Systems: Adaptation Strategies for the Most Vulnerable Communities
Authors: Bhardwaj Jessica , Asghari Atifa , Aitkenhead Isabella , Jackson Madeleine , Kuleshov Yuriy
Published: June 2021

Climate risk and resultant natural disasters have significant impacts on human and natural environments. It is common for disaster responses to be reactive rather than proactive due to inadequate policy and planning mechanisms—such reactive management responses exacerbate human and economic losses in times of disaster. Proactive disaster responses maximize disaster resilience and preparation efforts in non-disaster periods. This report focuses on proactive, localized, and inclusive adaptation strategies for addressing impacts of three natural hazards: drought, floods, and tropical cyclones. Four key synergistic climate adaptation strategies are discussed—Post Disaster Reviews, Risk Assessments, Early Warning Systems and Forecast-based Financing. These strategies are further supported with a number of case studies and recommendations that will be of assistance for policymakers in developing evidence-based adaptation strategies that support the most vulnerable communities in the transition towards regarding disaster as a risk as opposed to a crisis.
High-resolution Near-infrared Spectroscopy of Diffuse Sources around MWC 1080
Authors: Kim Il-Joong , Oh Heeyoung , Jeong Woong-Seob , Seon Kwang-Il , Pyo Tae-Soo , Lee Jae-Joon
Published: June 2021

To reveal the origins of diffuse Hα emissions observed around the Herbig star MWC 1080, we have performed a high-resolution near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopic observation using the Immersion Grating Infrared Spectrograph. In the NIR H and K bands, we detected various emission lines (six hydrogen Brackett lines, seven H2 lines, and an [Fe ii] line) and compared their spatial locations with the optical (Hα and [S ii]) and radio (13CO and CS) line maps. The shock-induced H2 and [Fe ii] lines indicate the presence of multiple outflows, consisting of at least three associated young stars in this region. The kinematics of H2 and [Fe ii] near the northeast (NE) cavity edge supports the idea that the NE main outflow from MWC 1080A is the blueshifted one with a low inclination angle. The H2 and [Fe ii] lines near the southeast molecular region newly reveal that additional highly blueshifted outflows originate from other young stars. The fluorescent H2 lines were found to trace photodissociation regions formed on the cylindrical surfaces of the main outflow cavity, which are expanding outward with a velocity of about 10–15 km s−1. For the Hα emission, we identify its components associated with two stellar outflows and two young stars in addition to the dominant component of MWC 1080A scattered by dust. We also report a few faint Hα features located ∼0.4 pc away in the southwest direction from MWC 1080A, which lie near the axes of the NE main outflow and one of the newly identified outflows.
Rapid Formation of Jupiter and Wide-orbit Exoplanets in Disks with Pressure Bumps
Authors: Chambers John
Published: June 2021

The formation of gas-giant planets within the lifetime of a protoplanetary disk is challenging especially far from a star. A promising model for the rapid formation of giant-planet cores is pebble accretion in which gas drag during encounters leads to high accretion rates. Most models of pebble accretion consider disks with a monotonic, radial pressure profile. This causes a continuous inward flux of pebbles and inefficient growth. Here we examine planet formation in a disk with multiple, intrinsic pressure bumps. In the outer disk, pebbles become trapped near these bumps allowing rapid growth under suitable conditions. In the inner disk, pebble traps may not exist because the inward gas advection velocity is too high. Pebbles here are rapidly removed. In the outer disk, growth is very sensitive to the initial planet mass and the strength of turbulence. This is because turbulent density fluctuations raise planetary eccentricities, increasing the planet-pebble relative velocity. Planetary seeds above a distance-dependent critical mass grow to a Jupiter mass in 0.5–3 Myr out to at least 60 au in a 0.03 solar-mass disk. Smaller bodies remain near their initial mass, leading to a sharp dichotomy in growth outcomes. For turbulent α = 1e-4, the critical masses are 1e-4M
⊕ and 1e-3M
⊕ at 9 and 75 au, respectively. Pressure bumps in disks may explain the large mass difference between the giant planets and Kuiper Belt objects, and also the existence of wide-orbit planets in some systems.
Revision of the Afrotropical species of the hover fly genus Mesembrius Rondani (Diptera, Syrphidae) using morphological and molecular data
Authors: Jordaens Kurt , Goergen Georg , Skevington Jeffrey H. , Kelso Scott , De Meyer Marc
Published: June 2021

The Afrotropical representatives of the hover fly genusMesembriusRondani, 1857 (Diptera) are divided into two subgenera, namelyMesembriuss.s. andVadonimyiaSéguy, 1951 and, in this present work, the subgenus Mesembrius s.s. is revised. A total of 23Mesembriuss.s. species are recognised for the Afrotropics. Known species are re-described and six species new to science are described:Mesembrius arcuatussp. nov.,M. copelandisp. nov.,M. longipilosussp. nov.,M. sulcussp. nov.,M. tibialissp. nov.andM. vockerothisp. nov.Mesembrius africanus(Verrall, 1898) is considered a junior synonym ofM. senegalensis(Macquart, 1842),M. cteniferHull, 1941 a junior synonym ofM. caffer(Loew, 1858),M. lagopus(Loew, 1869) a junior synonym ofM. capensis(Macquart, 1842) andM. platytarsisCurran, 1929 a junior synonym ofM. simplicipesCurran, 1929. The females ofMesembrius chapiniCurran, 1939,M. rexCurran, 1927 andM. regulus(Hull, 1937) are described for the first time. Lectotypes are designated forMesembrius caffer,M. capensis,M. cyanipennis(Bezzi, 1915),M. minor(Bezzi, 1915),M. senegalensis,M. strigilatus(Bezzi, 1912) andM. tarsatus(Bigot, 1883). Separate identification keys for males and females are presented. We obtained 236 DNA barcodes for 18 species. The relationships amongst the differentMesembriusspecies are briefly discussed, based on morphological and DNA barcode data.
Role of the Media on Migrants' Vulnerability to Health Hazards
Authors: Ogundoyin Olayinka Susan
Published: June 2021

Health is an important aspect of human existence. Good health depends on a variety of factors like physical, biological, economic, and environmental factors. These factors have a contributory effect on the total well-being of a person positively or negatively. One of the negative effects is migration. Illegal migration has helped in the spread of communicable and non-communicable diseases. Many migrants are unaware of the health implication of migration because they are not equipped with necessary information for informed decision. This information can only be made available through the media. There has been a paucity of literature on migration and health. This chapter sought to examine how the media has helped to disseminate information that encourage or discourage people to migrate. It was recommended that the media work in concert with government and non-governmental organizations to provide information that would show case the health challenges migrants face. It also recommended that testimonies of survivors should be reported in a way that would discourage potential migrants.
Indoor Air Quality Monitoring Systems
Authors: Rasha AbdulWahhab  , Jetly Karan Jetly , Shakir Shqran
Published: June 2021

Research activity in the field of monitoring indoor quality systems has increased dramatically in recent years. Monitoring closed areas can reduce health-related risks due to poor or contaminated air quality. In the current COVID pandemic, the population has observed that improving ventilation in the closed area can significantly reduce infection risk. However, the significance of air quality statistics makes highly accurate real-time monitoring systems vital. In this paper, several researchers' protocols and the methodologies for monitoring a good high indoor air quality system are presented. The majority of the reviewed works are aimed to reduce air pollution levels of the atmosphere. The vast majority of the identified works utilized IoT and WSN technology to fix the partial access to sensed data, high cost, and non-scalability of conventional air monitoring systems. Furthermore, ad-hoc approaches are predominantly used to help society change its attitude and impose corrective actions to improve air quality. This paper presents a short but comprehensive review of several researchers works with different approaches to ecological trend analysis capabilities, drawing on existing literature works. Overall, the findings highlight the need for developing systematic protocols for these systems and establishing smart air quality monitoring systems capable of measuring pollutant concentrations in the air.
Can Service Learning enhance Graduate Capital? Evidence from Sri Lankan State Universities
Authors: Wijayanama C. , Ranjani R. P. C. , Mohan D. U.
Published: June 2021

Employability of graduates has been a topic of high interest among graduates, academics, employers and economists alike for decades. Researchers argue that the responsibility of preparing graduates for their first job roles, has not been adequately owned by the universities nor the employers. The graduates themselves, give less attention to the issue and usually ill prepared for their first job roles. Service Learning (SL) is a futuristic andragogical strategy that changes the receiver and the giver of the service. In this study, the researcher examines how SL can be adopted as an enhancer of employability potential for graduates. Since the SL is new to the academic world in general and also to the Sri Lankan education system, this inductive study adopted the Grounded Case Study method using theoretical sampling to study the influence of SL as a strategy for enhancing graduate employability potential – Graduate Capital (GC) in state universities of Sri Lanka. The findings of the study include the features of SL practiced in Sri Lanka, GC attributes and the extent of enhancements of GC attributes due to partaking in SL program. The current study concludes that SL provides overall improvement to GC attributes.
Spirituality and the memorialisation of the dead of the Durban Concentration Camps during the South African War (1899-1902) – a micro history
Authors: Wassermann Johan
Published: June 2021

In this article, the spirituality and the memorialisation of the dead of the Durban Concentration Camps during the South African War (1899-1902) are analysed diachronically. As a study in micro-history, primary and secondary sources were used. Four clear memorialisation events were recognised: external British Imperial memorisation by means of obelisks that spiritually honoured Empire; Afrikaner Christian Nationalist memorisation that celebrated symbolic victory over the British Empire; rededication of the memorials in the inclusive spirit of the ‘new’ South Africa; and the partial abandonment of physical memorisation for remembering and honouring the dead in a virtual world. Each of these events offered its own seen and unseen forms of spirituality and understanding.
Hydrogen Diffusion and Trapping in Laser Additively Manufactured Ultra-High Strength AerMet100 Steel
Authors: Ran Xian-zhe , Liu Dong , Tang Hai-bo , Wang Hua-ming , Santucci Raymond J. , Scully John R.
Published: June 2021

Hydrogen trapping and the permeation behavior of laser additively manufactured (LAM) AerMet100 (UNS K92580) steel with an as-deposited specimen (AD) and after three types of heat-treated specimens (bainite microstructure [BM], tempered bainite and martensite microstructure [TBMM], and tempered martensite [TM]) was investigated. At least three types of different hydrogen traps were identified in each microstructure of the LAM steel, including both reversible and irreversible H traps. For as-deposited microstructure, the main reversible H trap states are related to the precipitation of M3C carbides associated with a detrapping activation energy (Ed) of 17.3±0.2 kJ/mol. After heat treatment, the dominant reversible hydrogen trap states in the tempered martensite microstructure have a different Ed value of 19.3±0.5 kJ/mol, which is attributed to the precipitation of highly coherent M2C carbides. In comparison with the reported Ed value of approximately 21.4 kJ/mol for main reversible hydrogen traps in wrought UNS K92580 steel, the lower Ed value in the LAM steel is closely related to the composition change of M2C carbides. In all of the H precharged samples, the diffusible and total H concentration of the TM specimen and the TBMM specimen are about three to four times higher than that of the AD specimen and the BM specimen. The TM specimen with tempered martensite microstructure has the highest diffusible and total H concentration due to its high density of dominantly reversible H traps. The effective hydrogen diffusion coefficient (Deff) of the LAM steel is on the order of 10−9 cm2/s, and decreases with increasing density of the dominant reversible H traps brought about by heat treatment. The LAM steel has a comparable Deff of about 2.8 × 10−9 cm2/s compared to the wrought steel of a similar yield strength (∼1,750 MPa),
Gradientes de Colaboração: Um estudo de percepção em websites de consumo colaborativo
Authors: Furtado Eva Carvalho , Batista Leandro Leonardo
Published: June 2021

Este trabalho delineia um posicionamento conceitual do consumo colaborativo entre os conceitos de colaboração e cooperação a fim de diferenciar gradientes de colaboração. Na investigação teórica, o que se encontrou foi uma linha que distingue os graus de colaboração e cooperação por dois fatores: o nível de envolvimento pró-social e a interação entre consumidores. Para analisar esses gradientes de forma empírica, os fatores foram testados em três sites de consumo colaborativo e um site de consumo tradicional. Os resultados mostram que os participantes percebem diferenças de envolvimento entre modelos diferentes de consumo colaborativo.
A Study to assess the effectiveness of Lamaze Breathing Technique on reduction of labour pain among primigravida mothers at Primary Health Centres, Coimbatore
Authors: Sugi M. Hatlin
Published: June 2021

Statement of the Problem: A study to assess the effectiveness of Lamaze breathing technique on reduction of labour pain among primigravida mothers at primary health centres kovilpalayam Coimbatore. Study Objectives: (a) To assess the pain among primigravida mothers. (b) To assess the effectiveness of Lamaze breathing technique among primigravida mothers. (c) To reassess the pain among primigravida mothers.
(d) To associate the effectiveness of Lamaze breathing technique with selected demographic and obstetrical variables among primigravida mothers. Methodology: one group pretest post test design was adopted. The samples for this study consist of 30 samples selected by non probability convenient sampling technique. A numerical pain intensity scale was used to assess the pain level among primigravida others in first stage of labour. Results: The pretest mean score of pain level among primigravida mothers was 7. The post test mean score of pain level among primigravida mothers was 3.1 the paired‘t’ value of experimental group was 12.806. Conclusion: The study shows that the pain during first stage of labour was reduced after performing Lamaze breathing technique.
Pengaruh PDRB, indeks pembagunan manusia dan zakat terhadap kemiskinan di Provinsi Jawa Tengah
Authors: Miftahussalam Muhammad , Rofiuddin Mohammad
Published: June 2021

This study aimed to determine the effect of GRDP, human development index, and zakat on poverty in Central Java Province. The object of this research is all regencies/cities in Central Java Province in 2015-2019. The method used to see effects using the panel data regression approach is the fixed effect model. The results in the study show that simultaneously zakat, GRDP, human development index affect poverty in Central Java Province. GRDP is not significant to poverty in Central Java Province. While the human development index and zakat decrease poverty in Central Java Province. The research model clarifies the role of zakat and human development in poverty alleviation in Central Java Province, so it is essential to maintain and increase its value over time to reduce poverty.
Impure at the Origins
Authors: Hom Sabrina L.
Published: June 2021

Although race mixing is often treated as a marginal matter or a transgression against dominant racial logic, this article argues that mixed-race bodies and interracial sexuality are central to the invention of whiteness and the origin of the white settler state in several ways. Race mixing is at the foundation of the modern conception of race; at the material and political origin of the white settler state; and serves as the grounding against which cultural and legal categories of race are articulated. The conceptual history of race looks to mixed-race bodies as the means to define race and delimit races. The colonization and economic success of the white settler state in the United States depended on mixed-race individuals who served as emissaries and interpreters, while interracial sexuality was central to the economy of slavery. Dominant conceptions of whiteness, and of the identity of the white settler state, rely on the scrutiny of mixed bodies as a means of racial demarcation. Mixed race histories and subjects are of central interest to studies of the invention of whiteness and processes of racialization.
Pennsylvania’s Variegated Frontier
Authors: Spero Patrick
Published: June 2021

This conclusion summarizes the articles in this special issue, briefly reviews previous depictions of the Pennsylvania frontier, and suggests possible future avenues for scholarly inquiry.
The Role of Storytelling for Communication in Risk Management
Authors: Kampmann Andrea
Published: June 2021

Risk management is confronted with a changing risk environment as both more complex and new risk factors, so-called unknown-unknowns, are arising. To address these developments effectively and to have an impact on critical decision-making processes in companies, this discipline needs to advance. Soft factors—such as communication—are seen as effective levers in this context. This book deals with the potential offered by the communication form storytelling for risk management. In a conceptual study, the author outlines different ways of applying storytelling in risk management. In an experimental study, she analyses and elaborates the advantages of storytelling over purely numerical forms of communication in the same field.
Bullying and Being Bullied; How Much Can It Increase the Risk of Depression and Anxiety in Students? A Multilevel Fixed-effect Model Analysis
Authors: Babaee Ebrahim , Nojomi Marzieh , Asadi-Aliabadi Mehran , Eshrati Babak
Published: June 2021

Background: School violence as a health issue is a global concern. One of the problems that affect the health and well-being of children at school is bullying. Objectives: In this study, we aimed to examine the association of depression and anxiety with bullying among 6 - 19-year-old students in Iran. Methods: This study was conducted in Tehran, Iran, in 2020. A multistage cluster sampling method was used, and 54,550 students aged six to 19 years of both sexes, from urban and rural areas, were selected. Standard questionnaires, according to the WHO recommendations, were used for data collection. Involvement in bullying in the past 12 months and anxiety and depression status in both bully and bullied students were investigated by standard questionnaires. To compare the psychiatric problems and violent behavior, the Wald chi-square test was applied. The multilevel fixed-effect model and logistic multivariate regression were used to adjust the multilevel effects and estimate the odds of anxiety and depression in both bully and bullied students. All statistical analyses were performed at a 95% significance level. Results: Of the total students, 50.9% were males, 29.45% were in the 6 - 10 age group, and 70.55% in the 11 - 19 age group. There was a significant difference in depression and anxiety between boys and girls in both age groups (P < 0.001). Amongst males, 11.7% of the students aged 6 - 10 and 11% of the students aged 11 - 19 and in females, 7.7% aged 6 - 10 and 10.4% aged 11 - 19 had at least four experiences of bullying to others in the last year. The odds ratios for depression in male bullies were 1.3 and 1.5 in 6 - 10 and 11 - 19 age groups, respectively. The odds ratios for depression in bullied males and females were 4.2 and 3.9 in 6 - 10 and 2.9 and 4.3 in 11 - 19 age groups, respectively. Bulling others increased the odds of anxiety to 1.7 and 1.9 in males and 2.1 and 1.9 in females in 6 - 10 and 11 - 19 age groups, respectively. In bullied students, the odds of anxiety were estimated at 2.9 and 2.2 in males and 3.4 and 2.2 in female students respectively, in 6 - 10 and 11 - 19 age groups. Conclusions: There was a significant positive association between psychological disorders (anxiety and depression) and bullying among 6 - 19-year-old students. Victims of bullying were more at risk of depression and anxiety. This health-threatening phenomenon should not be ignored.
The Effect of COVID-19 Infection on Sperm Quality and Male Fertility
Authors: Piroozmanesh Hamid , Cheraghi Ebrahim , Naserpoor Leila , Aghashahi Masoumeh , Jannatifar Rahil
Published: June 2021

Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) may lead to the infertility of men. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the impact of COVID-19 infection on sperm parameters and reproductive hormones in fertile men. Methods: A total of 100 males were selected and divided into two groups: (1) patients in convalescence (patients suffering from COVID-19 infection in pharyngeal swab in accordance with reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction [RT-PCR] or antibodies); (2) negative control group (without antibodies). Semen and blood samples were gathered from all subjects. In the native semen, immunoglobulin (Ig) M and IgG antibodies in the blood were confirmed, and COVID-19 was detected via RT-PCR. To this end, based on the World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines, semen analysis, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and sperm DNA integrity were assessed. Results: Results demonstrated that sperm concentration, motility, sperm viability, and TAC significantly reduced in fertile males with virus infection. In comparison with the control group, sperm DNA integrity was significantly increased (P < 0.05). Data indicated that the semen volume was not significantly correlated with COVID-19, and there was a significantly negative correlation between sperm concentration, sperm total motility, sperm vitality, sperm normal forms, and TAC with COVID-19. Sperm DNA fragmentation index had a significant and positive correlation with COVID-19 (P < 0.05). In addition, reproductive hormones significantly reduced in fertile males with COVID-19 infection (P < 0.05). Conclusions: COVID-19 infection has a negative influence on sperm parameters and reproductive hormones in fertile males.
Assessing the Impact of Membrane Deformations on Wing Sail Performance
Authors: Banks Joseph , Cocard Margot , Jaspe Jacobo
Published: June 2021

The aim of this research is to quantify the membrane deformations and their impact on performance for a ribbed wing sail. A 1m x 0.8m rectangular planform NACA0012 foil was designed to replicate a single section of a wing-sail. Two foils were manufactured based on this geometry, one out of solid foam and one using a rib and membrane structure. These were tested in the R.J. Mitchell closed return 3.6 m x 2.5 m wind tunnel at the University of Southampton. Their aerodynamic performance was assessed over a range of angles of attack using a six-component force balance showing the overall performance of the membrane wing was reduced by between 5-11% depending on the analysis conducted. A stereo camera system was used to perform Digital Image Correlation (DIC) in order to quantify the full field deformation of the membrane wing structure whilst under aerodynamic load. This showed membrane deformations of up to 15% of the section thickness. The experimental membrane displacements were then used to create a deformed wing sail geometry, removing the effect of foil bend and twist, allowing a CFD investigation of the impact of membrane deformations alone. This indicated that the static membrane deformations resulted in a decrease in performance of up to 1.3% compared to the rigid aerofoil.
Red Edge Position (REP), an Indicator for Crop Stress Detection: Implication on Rice (Oryza sativa L)
Authors: Goswami Jonali , Das Ranjan , Sarma K. K. , Raju P. L. N.
Published: June 2021

Crop stresses due to both biotic and abiotic are the major factors affecting crop productivity. The need of the hour is to minimize the yield losses due to these stresses. Early detection can help to reduce the impact of stresses on crop growth and yield. Remote sensing techniques have been shown to be timely, non-destructive and provide spatial estimates for quantifying and monitoring crop stress as compared to direct field techniques. In this study we tested the possibility of detecting impact of abiotic stresses, mainly Nitrogen (N) and elevated CO2 and Temperature on growth and yield of rice crops based on the spectral reflectance data in the red edge position (REP). Spectral reflectances of crop canopyi from 350 to 2500 nm acquired using SVC spectroradiometer under clear sky condition between 11:00 and 13:00 IST. The results thus obtained indicate that REP is a good indicator of crop stress detection as healthy crops always are at longer wavelength as compared to crop under stress. The research work done also elucidates that REP can lead to the development of real-time management tool for crop stress detection, thereby reducing the yield losses due these stresses.
Quality of Service and Quality of Experience in Broadcasting
Authors: Murron Maurizio , Joskowicz Jose , Sotelo Rafael
Published: June 2021

This article describes the concepts of Quality of Service (QoS) and Quality of Experience (QoE) in broadcasting and multimedia systems, with focus on audio and video quality aspects. The differences between QoS and QoE are explained. The audio and video signal parameters relevant for quality in broadcasting are detailed and explained, along with the common artifacts that can be present during the coding and transmission process of each signal. The multimedia effect, obtained from the combination of audio and video, produces an overall QoE experience. The article describes the parameters that are identified as affecting the QoE of the whole experience.

Subjective and objective methods for quality evaluation or for quality estimation are presented and explained, based on current international standards. Finally, trends and future development are described.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: Omar Abbas
Published: June 2021

Imaging is the act of constructing a two‐ or three‐dimensional map of a certain physical property of an object to be imaged. There are different types of imaging, the best known of which is photography, which maps the object surface optical reflectivity. In acoustic imaging, also known as ultrasonic imaging, the material density is the object physical property that is mapped. Microwave imaging, on the other hand, maps the permittivity and conductivity of the imaged object.

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) basically maps the density of certain nuclei in the imaged object, usually that of hydrogen atoms in water molecules. Nearly all fundamental particles such as electrons, protons, and neutrons possess a characteristic angular momentum, which is associated with a
spin
magnetic moment in the case of charged particles. Applying a strong static magnetic field to an object results in directing these spins both parallel and antiparallel to the applied magnetic field. This gives rise to two energy states whose populations are governed by the laws of thermodynamics. If, in addition, an RF field of a certain frequency (the so‐called spin
Larmor
frequency) is properly applied for a certain time, the spins begin to
precess
about the direction of the static magnetic field, disturbing the thermodynamic equilibrium. During the process of restoring the thermodynamic equilibrium, the spins radiate an electromagnetic field of the same Larmor frequency, which can be received and used for constructing the magnetic resonance images.

In this article, the fundamentals of MRI are presented. Technical aspects, especially those related to the generation and detection of the RF field, are emphasized. The entire article has been the introductory part of a previous publication.
Enhanced Air and Electrochemical Stability of Li7P3S11–Based Solid Electrolytes Enabled by Aliovalent Substitution of SnO2
Authors: Li Yuanyuan , Li Jianwei , Cheng Jun , Xu Xiaoyan , Chen Lina , Ci Lijie
Published: June 2021

Sulfide solid electrolytes are excessively investigated on account of the high ionic conductivity. However, their applications are hindered by the air‐sensitivity and poor interfacial compatibility against lithium metal. Herein, Sn and O co‐doping strategy is designed to enhance the stability of the sulfide‐based solid state electrolyte towards air moisture and lithium metal. The ionic conductivity of Li7Sn0.1P2.8S10.5O0.2 is twice of that of the pristine Li7P3S11 due to the synergistic effect of Sn and O prepared by the solvent‐assisted ball milling method. Impressively, with partial substitution of S by O and P by Sn in Li7P3S11, the newly‐designed electrolyte largely suppresses the hydrolysis in the air. Furthermore, galvanostatic cycling of symmetric cells demonstrate that Li7Sn0.1P2.8S10.5O0.2 enables improved interfacial compatibility towards lithium metal. Hence, the all‐solid‐state batteries with Li7Sn0.5xP3−xS11−2.5xOx significantly elevate the cyclability and the reversible capacity. The co‐doping strategy provides a promising approach to achieve excellent chemical and electrochemical stability for the large‐scale application of sulfide‐based solid state electrolytes.
Interfacial Polarization and Dual Charge Transfer Induced High Permittivity of Carbon Dots‐Based Composite as Humidity‐Resistant Tribomaterial for Efficient Biomechanical Energy Harvesting
Authors: Li Zihua , Xu Bingang , Han Jing , Huang Junxian , Chung King Yan
Published: June 2021

Tribopositive, scalable, and biocompatible materials are highly desired for high‐performance triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs). In this study, polyethylenimine (PEI) functionalized N‐doped carbon dots (NCDs‐PEI) are synthesized and a novel approach to develop high‐output TENGs by incorporating high permittivity NCDs‐PEI into polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) as the tribopositive composite (CPP composite) is proposed for the first time. By systematically manipulating the mass ratio of NCDs/PVA and PEI‐functionalized concentration, the optimized CPP composite‐based TENGs (CPP‐TENGs) reveal a remarkable enhancement in power density by 28.5 times as compared with pure PVA‐based TENGs. The considerable electric outputs of CPP‐TENGs can be attributed to the synergistic effect of interfacial polarization enhanced permittivity of CPP composite and boosted surface charge density induced by dual charge transfer pathways. Moreover, CPP‐TENGs present superior high‐output stability, durability, and humidity‐resistance, and can also effectively drive electronics at different humidity and monitor human body movements. This work renders a simple, feasible, and scalable pathway to boost the electrical performance of TENGs for biomotion energy harvesting as well as providing insights for exploiting novel tribomaterials in the development of high‐output TENGs.
Phase Engineering of Cesium Manganese Bromides Nanocrystals with Color‐Tunable Emission
Authors: Kong Qingkun , Yang Bin , Chen Junsheng , Zhang Ruiling , Liu Siping , Zheng Daoyuan , Zhang Hongling , Liu Qingtong , Wang Yiying , Han Keli
Published: June 2021

For display applications, it is highly desirable to obtain tunable red/green/blue emission. However, lead‐free perovskite nanocrystals (NCs) generally exhibit broadband emission with poor color purity. Herein, we developed a unique phase transition strategy to engineer the emission color of lead‐free cesium manganese bromides NCs and we can achieve a tunable red/green/blue emission with high color purity in these NCs. Such phase transition can be triggered by isopropanol: from one dimensional (1D) CsMnBr3 NCs (red‐color emission) to zero dimensional (0D) Cs3MnBr5 NCs (green‐color emission). Furthermore, in a humid environment both 1D CsMnBr3 NCs and 0D Cs3MnBr5 NCs can be transformed into 0D Cs2MnBr4⋅2 H2O NCs (blue‐color emission). Cs2MnBr4⋅2 H2O NCs could inversely transform into the mixture of CsMnBr3 and Cs3MnBr5 phase during the thermal annealing dehydration step. Our work highlights the tunable optical properties in single component NCs via phase engineering and provides a new avenue for future endeavors in light‐emitting devices.
Atropo‐Enantioselective Oxidation‐Enabled Iridium(III)‐Catalyzed C−H Arylations with Aryl Boronic Esters
Authors: Woźniak Łukasz , Cramer Nicolai
Published: June 2021

Atropo‐enantioselective biaryl coupling through C−H bond functionalization is an emerging technology allowing direct construction of axially chiral molecules. This approach is largely limited to electrophilic coupling partners. We report a highly atropo‐enantioselective C−H arylation of tetralone derivatives paired with aryl boronic esters as nucleophilic components. The transformation is catalyzed by chiral cyclopentadienyl (Cpx) iridium(III) complexes and enabled by oxidatively enhanced reductive elimination from high‐valent cyclometalated Ir‐species.
Hydroxyfluorooxoborate Na[B3O3F2(OH)2]⋅[B(OH)3]: Optimizing the Optical Anisotropy with Heteroanionic Units for Deep Ultraviolet Birefringent Crystals
Authors: Jin Congcong , Shi Xuping , Zeng Hao , Han Shujuan , Chen Zhen , Yang Zhihua , Mutailipu Miriding , Pan Shilie
Published: June 2021

Maximizing the optical anisotropy in birefringent materials has emerged as an efficient route for modulating the polarization‐dependent light propagation. Currently, the generation of deep‐ultraviolet (deep‐UV) polarized light below 200 nm is essential but challenging due to the interdisciplinary significance and insufficiency of high‐performing birefringent crystals. Herein, by introducing multiple heteroanionic units, the first sodium difluorodihydroxytriborate‐boric acid Na[B3O3F2(OH)2]⋅[B(OH)3] has been characterized as a novel deep‐UV birefringent crystal. Two rare heteroanionic units, [B3O3F2(OH)2] and [B(OH)3], optimally align to induce large optical anisotropy and also the dangling bonds are eliminated with hydrogens, which results in an extremely large birefringence and band gap. The well‐ordered OH/F anions in [B3O3F2(OH)2] and [B(OH)3] were identified and confirmed by various approaches, and also the origin of large birefringence was theoretically discussed. These results confirm the feasibility of utilizing hydrogen involved heteroanionic units to design crystals with large birefringence, and also expand the alternative system of deep‐UV birefringent crystals with new hydroxyfluorooxoborates.