bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sequence-specific response of collagen-mimetic peptides to osmotic pressure
Authors: Ruiz-Rodriguez Lorena , Loche Philip , Hansen Lise Thornfeldt , Netz Roland R. , Fratzl Peter , Schneck Emanuel , Blank Kerstin G. , Bertinetti Luca
Published: September 2021

Native collagen molecules usually contract upon dehydration, but the details of their interaction with water are poorly understood. Previous molecular modeling studies indicated a spatially inhomogeneous response, with a combination of local axial expansion and contraction. Such sequence-dependent effects are difficult to study with native collagen. In this article, we use collagen-mimetic peptides (CMPs) to investigate the effect of osmotic pressure on several collagen-mimetic sequences. Synchrotron x-ray diffraction combined with molecular dynamics simulations shows that CMPs pack differently depending on osmotic pressure and exhibit changes in the helical rise per residue of individual molecules. Infrared spectroscopy reveals that osmotic pressure affects the stability of the triple helix through changes in triple helix-stabilizing hydrogen bonds. Surprisingly, CMPs with the canonical collagen sequence glycine–proline–hydroxyproline are found to elongate upon dehydration, while sequence modifications are able to reverse this tendency. This strongly suggests that the overall contraction of native collagen molecules is not programmed into the canonical sequence but is specific to local amino acids that substitute for proline or hydroxyproline along the protein chain. Collagen is an essential protein in mammalian extracellular tissues and a better understanding of its mechanical function is important both from a materials science and from a biomedical viewpoint. Recently, collagen has been shown to contract along the fibre direction when subjected to osmotic stress, a process that could play important roles in strengthening bone and in developing tissue tension during extracellular matrix development. The present work uses collagen-like short peptides to show that the canonical collagen sequence is not responsible for this contraction. The conclusion is that the collagen amino acid sequence must have evolved to include guest sequences within the canonical glycine-proline-hydroxyproline repeat that provide the observed contractility.

Impact statement

Collagen is an essential protein in mammalian extracellular tissues and a better understanding of its mechanical function is important both from a materials science and from a biomedical viewpoint. Recently, collagen has been shown to contract along the fibre direction when subjected to osmotic stress, a process that could play important roles in strengthening bone and in developing tissue tension during extracellular matrix development. The present work uses collagen-like short peptides to show that the canonical collagen sequence is not responsible for this contraction. The conclusion is that the collagen amino acid sequence must have evolved to include guest sequences within the canonical glycine-proline-hydroxyproline that provide the observed contractility.

Graphic Abstract
Fundamentals of Economic Genetics in Models of Evolution and Revitalization of Old Industrial Regions
Authors:   Institute of Economics, The Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Myslyakova Yu. G.
Published: September 2021

The review article is devoted to a search for unconventional solutions to established problems of old industrial regions. The economy of historically industrial territories is under the influence of long-term and complex factors of industrial specialization, socio-demographic processes, cultural and moral norms of the population, as well as political fronts. These factors are involved in modeling the system of "hereditary memory" of regions, which is responsible for regional predisposition to a certain type of innovative, social, industrial, political and other processes. The aim of the study is to identify genetic codes that determine the specific features of socio-economic transformations in old industrial regions. The hypothesis of the research is that the socio-economic development of an old industrial region is to a certain extent determined by a system of its interrelated genetic codes that determine the established specialization and predisposition of the territory to various endogenous processes. The methodology of the survey study is made up of the methods of system-functional and system-historical analysis of scientific publications, reflecting solutions to the problems of socio-economic development of old industrial regions. It is substantiated that each old industrial region has “defining” genetic codes: production, social and institutional ones. Together, these codes represent the fundamental hereditary program of the economic evolution of the territory and contain a set of endogenous factors of the development of the territory, formed and transmitted from generation to generation in the process of the life of society. It is shown that each region also has “dynamic” genetic codes that can be identified as innovative, infrastructural and sociocultural. All these codes are generated at the level of the connections of "defining" codes; they are able to cause revitalization of territories and ensure further stages of the evolutionary development of the territories under consideration, provided that these compounds are not defective. The scientific novelty of the results lies in the development of theoretical and methodological provisions of economic genetics as a modern interdisciplinary science, allowing one to understand in a new way the determinants and patterns of development of industrial regions, based on the experience of old industrial territories. The practical significance of the results obtained lies in the possibility of their use by the authorities as an additional tool for the development of tactical and strategic solutions to stable problems of historically industrial territories, increasing the effectiveness of their implementation.
An Economic Alternative to Replacing Centralized Gas Supply with Autonomous Biogas Facilities in Russian Cities
Authors:   Ural Federal University named after the first President of Russia B.N. Yeltsin, Chebotareva G. S. , Dvinayninov A. A. ,   Ural Federal University named after the first President of Russia B.N. Yeltsin
Published: September 2021

The main trend in energy development is to increase energy efficiency by reducing the use of limited natural resources, the spread of renewable energy, and reducing the negative impact on the environment. An effective response to these challenges is the use of biogas plants that produce clean energy and solve the environmental problems of waste disposal and recycling. The purpose of the article is to assess the economic efficiency of replacing district gas supply with autonomous biogas plants in public utilities. A hypothesis has been put forward that the feasibility of using such technologies depends on climatic features and the specific provisions of state regulation of prices and gas consumption rates. A cost approach was applied that assesses the overall structure of equipment costs, as well as a comparative assessment method according to the principle “with / without a biogas plant”, and a scenario analysis, the criterion of which is the size of the family owning the plant. An auxiliary method for forecasting retail and economically justified prices for natural gas for the population was used. The object of calculations is the “HomeBiogas” installation intended for home use. Three Russian cities were chosen as territorial subjects: Yekaterinburg, Irkutsk and Krasnodar. The cities which differ significantly in their natural characteristics and approaches to the formation of retail gas prices. It has been proved that although the average monthly temperatures differ significantly in the cities considered, none of them has a constant temperature exceeding the required standard value of 17°C. In each case, the initial capital investment is driven up by the cost of installing additional insulation and heating systems. This equalizes the costs of warmer and colder areas. Therefore, the climatic features of cities are not significant and do not affect the economic efficiency of using a biogas plant. In turn, state regulation of prices and norms of gas consumption by the population is of decisive importance. The findings are of theoretical and practical importance. The methodology can be applied to assess the efficiency of using biogas plants in industry and gasification projects in the remote areas of Russia.
Registros nacionais de anomalias congênitas no mundo: aspectos históricos e operacionais
Authors: Cardoso-dos-Santos Augusto César , Alves Ruanna Sandrelly de Miranda , Medeiros-de-Souza Ana Cláudia , Bremm João Matheus , Gomes Julia do Amaral , Alves Ronaldo Fernandes Santos , Araujo Valdelaine Etelvina Miranda de , França Giovanny Vinícius Araújo de
Published: September 2021

Resumo Objetivo: Identificar registros de anomalias congênitas com cobertura nacional existentes no mundo, destacando suas principais características históricas e operacionais. Métodos: Revisão documental, mediante busca na base Medline/Pubmed e consulta a dados provenientes de relatórios, documentos oficiais e sítios eletrônicos. Foram incluídos trabalhos com relato de pelo menos um registro nacional. Resultados: Foram identificados 40 registros nacionais de anomalias congênitas em 39 países diferentes. Todos os registros incluídos no estudo localizavam-se em países de renda alta ou média superior, com concentração na Europa. A maior parte dos registros foi de base populacional, de notificação compulsória e com tempo limite para notificação de até 1 ano de idade. O registro brasileiro apresentou a maior cobertura anual. Conclusão: Os registros discutidos apresentaram características diversas, relacionadas à realidade de cada país. Os resultados apresentados fornecem subsídios para a temática da vigilância das anomalias congênitas, sobretudo em locais onde se deseja implementar tal atividade.
Behaviour of masonry walls strengthened with fibre-reinforced cementitious materials
Authors: Celano Thomas , Ceroni Francesca , Lignola Gian Piero
Published: September 2021

Assessment of the mechanical properties of masonry materials is a key issue for evaluating the strength capacity of masonry walls. Two types of tests are usually adopted for experimentally evaluating the shear capacity of masonry walls: diagonal-compression and shear-compression tests. Different approaches are available in the literature for their interpretation. This paper reports an investigation into the behaviour of both unstrengthened and in-plane strengthened masonry walls with fibre-reinforced cementitious matrix materials under the two tests by means of a bi-dimensional non-linear-finite-element model. The model was first calibrated on the basis of comparisons with experimental results of diagonal-compression tests available in the literature. It was then used for comparing the numerical results obtained for the two tests in terms of local stress distributions for both unstrengthened and strengthened walls. The differences in the stress distributions in the tests, and the role of the reinforcement both on the distribution of stresses and on the global behaviour of the masonry walls, was highlighted.
Continuity in tradition: a narrative on the cultural heritage of para and adda in Kolkata
Authors: Biswas Arindam
Published: September 2021

‘Para’ and ‘adda’ are two unique examples of intangible cultural resources of the Indian state of Bengal and Bangladesh. Para signifies a community or neighbourhood that share close spatial proximity and similar emotional ideology, whereas adda denotes an exchange of casual or intellectual discussions among people. Para refers to a spatial connotation with a neighbourhood, but the physical manifestation is not the only pre-requisite to form a para. Para reflects a networked social cohesion as the continuous affection concretely demonstrated in people's decisions about where to live, how to work and with whom to engage in their daily lives. Culture, ethnicity, language, food habit, mutual feelings of belongingness and robust social networking within a neighbourhood contribute to the growth of a para. Adda propagates the intensity of social networking and influence the development of para. The paper uses narratives to comprehend the co-evolution and correlation of para and adda as an unwavering tradition among the Bengali community in Kolkata.
Morphometric Analysis of Cervical Spinal Cord and Spinal Canal with Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Turkish Adults
Authors: DAĞ Nurullah , ERDOĞAN KAYDU Nesrin , CANSIZ Muhammed Samed , ÖZTÜRK Mehmet
Published: September 2021

Giriş: Yetişkin Türk popülasyonunda servikal spinal kanal çapı ve spinal kord çap-alanı normal değerlerinin manyetik rezonans görüntüleme (MRG) ile değerlendirilmesi amaçlandı. Değerlerin yaşa, cinsiyete ve spinal kord düzeylerine göre değişip değişmediği araştırıldı.
Gereç ve Yöntem: 300 erişkin hastanın (150 kadın / 150 erkek) servikal MRG'sini geriye dönük olarak inceledik. Hastalar yaşlarına göre 3 gruba (18-39, 40-59 ve 60 yaş üstü) ayrıldı. Spinal kanal ve spinal kord çapı sagital planda, spinal kord alanı aksiyal planda, C3 ve C6 seviyelerinden ölçüldü.
Bulgular: Cinsiyet, servikal spinal kanal ve spinal kord çapı normal değerlerini etkiler. Erkeklerde hem spinal kanal hem de spinal kord ölçümleri kadınlara göre daha yüksek bulundu. Spinal kord çapı ve alanı, cinsiyete bakılmaksızın C6 düzeyinde C3 düzeyindekinden daha düşük bulundu. Hem spinal kanal çapı hem de omurilik alanı kranialden kaudale azaldı (C3-C6). Yaşa bağlı grupların değerlendirilmesinde verilerimizde önemli farklılıklar tespit edilmiş ve yaşın normal parametrenin belirlenmesinde etkili olduğu görülmüştür.
Sonuç: Sonuç olarak, sağlıklı bireylerde servikal spinal kanal ve spinal kord ölçümleri yaş, cinsiyet ve kord düzeyine göre değişmektedir.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Manyetik rezonans görüntüleme, servikal vertebra, spinal kord, spinal kanal, morfometri
Development of mathematical model of logistics humanitarian assistance with resilience to risk management in earthquakes and earthquakes in Caqueza, Cundinamarca
Authors: Barragán Acevedo José Eduardo , Castañeda Tenjo Ludwig Ben Roald , Fuentes Ever Ángel
Published: September 2021

Introduction: the article is the product of the research “Development of a mathematical model of humanitaria logistics with resilience for risk management in earthquakes and earthquakes in Cádiz, Cundinamarca”, deveped during 2017 and 2018, in the Faculty of Industrial Engineering of the University Free in Colombia.Problem: the municipality of Cáqueza, due to its geographical characteristics, presents vulnerability to earth-quakes and does not have a post-disaster logistic plan in accordance with the risk needs of its inhabitants.Objective: to develop a mathematical model of humanitarian logistics with resilience for risk management in earthquakes in Cávelo, Cundinamarca.Methodology: diagnosis and measurement of the community resilience index in Cabala to propose a model of humanitarian logistics. The parameters, variables and restrictions are described and validated through computer tools such as Open Solver and Promodel.Results: a humanitarian logistic model was developed that responds to the reality of the municipality by determing the ideal way to transport, store and distribute provisions to a population with resilient demand.Conclusion: a tool is generated that provides the Cábala community with a post-disaster logistic model according to their characteristics and needs, which allows them to react to reduce the mortality rate in the event of an earthquake.Originality: application of resilience in the risk management scenario, with the incorporation of the characteristics of the community to the mathematical models of humanitarian logistics.Limitations: the proposed model is solved from linear programming and does not take into account probabilistic variables.
AİLE DESTEKLEYİCİSİ İŞ ORTAMININ İŞ TATMİNİ VE İŞTEN AYRILMA EĞİLİMİ ÜZERİNDEKİ ETKİSİNDE İŞ-YAŞAM DENGESİNİN ARACI ROLÜ
Authors: ÇAM KAHRAMAN Fatma , DÜNDAR Gönen
Published: September 2021

Denge pek çok alanda olduğu gibi, iş yaşamında bulunan bireyler açısından da önemlidir. Bir yandan işteki diğer yandan iş dışındaki sorumluluklarını yerine getirmeye çalışan bireyler zaman zaman bu dengeyi kurmakta zorlanmaktadırlar. Dengeyi sağlamada işgörenlerin kendi çabalarının dışında örgütün formal ve informal desteği, bireylerin iş-yaşam dengelerini daha iyi sağlamalarını, dengenin sağlanması da örgütsel sonuçları etkileyebilir. Bu doğrultuda mevcut araştırmada formal ve informal aile destekleyicisi iş ortamının iş tatmini ve işten ayrılma eğilimi üzerindeki etkisinde iş-yaşam dengesinin aracı rolünün incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Ulusal literatürde rastlanmayan aile destekleyicisi iş ortamının farklı boyutlarıyla bütüncül bir şekilde incelenmesi önemlidir.

İstanbul, Kocaeli ve Kırklareli’de farklı sektörlerde çalışan 300 beyaz ve mavi yakalı işgörenden toplanan verilerin incelenmesi için Hiyerarşik Regresyon Analizi yapılmıştır. Analizler sonucunda aile destekleyicisi iş ortamının (formal ve informal) iş tatmini ve işten ayrılma eğilimi üzerindeki etkisinde iş-yaşam dengesinin kısmi aracı rolü olduğu saptanmıştır. İş-yaşam dengesinin kısmi aracı rolünün olması, bu modelde farklı değişkenlerin aracı rolünün olabileceğini göstermektedir. Gelecekte yapılacak araştırmalarda farklı değişkenlerin aracı rolünün incelenmesi alana katkı sağlayacaktır.
Frozen by context: Pragmatic factors of syntactic freezing
Authors: Martens Gouming
Published: September 2021

Syntactic freezing has mainly been approached from a structural point of view, recently though, more cognitive approaches in terms of processing costs have been proposed. One such processing account is the additive account. According to this approach, the freezing effect is best explained as an additive effect of two syntactic processes coming together, rather than being a phenomenon on its own. Another processing account argues that the freezing effect is the result of a prosodic garden path according to which extraction can only take place from a prosodically focused constituent. The current study provides empirical evidence for a less discussed factor contributing to the freezing effect, namely a pragmatic one. The pragmatic account requires frozen sentences to have contextually given referents. If no such referent is present, the sentence becomes less acceptable. The need for such a referent comes from the non- default word order associated with frozen sentences, which often highlights/focuses a certain constituent. Several experiments were run to test the pragmatic account. Based on the results it was concluded that pragmatic factors play a significant role in explaining the apparent freezing effects. Other factors however, seem to contribute to this effect as well since this effect cannot be fully explained in terms of pragmatic factors solely.
Canopy characteristics of ‘Mavuno’ hybrid brachiariagrass and ‘Marandu’ palisadegrass harvested at different harvest intensities
Authors: Rodrigues Luan F. , Vendramini Joao M.B , Dos Santos Antonio C. , Dubeux Jr. Jose Carlos C.B , Miotto Fabricia R.C. , Sousa Luciano F. , Alencar Nayara M.
Published: September 2021

‘Mavuno’ is a newly released brachiariagrass (Urochloa hybrid) cultivar with limited information available in the literature. The objective of this study was to compare forage characteristics of this cultivar and ‘Marandu’ palisadegrass [Urochloa brizantha (Hochst. ex A. Rich.) R.D. Webster cv. Marandu] harvested at 2 different stubble heights during 2 growing seasons (January‒April). The study was conducted in Araguaína, TO, Brazil in 2017 and 2018. Treatments were the factorial arrangement of 2 brachiariagrass cultivars, Mavuno and Marandu, harvested at 2 harvest intensities, 5 and 15 cm stubble height, distributed in a randomized complete block design with 4 replicates. Response variables were canopy height, forage accumulation, proportion of leaf, stem and dead material, and concentration of crude protein (CP) and in vitro digestible organic matter (IVDOM). Mavuno and Marandu did not differ (P>0.05) in forage accumulation (mean = 3,800 kg DM/ha/harvest) and IVDOM concentration (mean = 637 g/kg); however, Mavuno had lower CP concentration (101 vs. 110 g/kg), greater proportion of stems (16 vs. 13%) and less dead material (4 vs. 6%) than Marandu (P<0.05). Harvesting at 5 cm stubble height rather than 15 cm increased herbage accumulation per harvest (4,100 vs. 3,500 kg DM/ha) with decreased proportion of leaves (77 vs. 84%) and CP concentration (101 vs. 115 g/kg) (P<0.05). Our data suggest that Mavuno is a useful addition to the range of brachiaria grass cultivars for sowing in tropical regions and further studies are needed to evaluate the long-term persistence of Mavuno under different management practices in a range of environmental situations. While harvesting at 5 cm stubble height rather than 15 cm increased forage accumulation but reduced CP concentration, regardless of cultivar, longer-term effects on the stability of these pastures with these harvest frequencies and heights are open to question and studies should be continued for longer periods to assess longevity of stands under the 2 management strategies. Applying maintenance fertilizer during the growing season might have prevented the marked decline in dry matter accumulation as the season advanced and this hypothesis should be tested.
Physiological response of Bajra-Napier Hybrids and Tri-Specific Hybrid to salinity stressPhysiological response of Bajra-Napier Hybrids and Tri-Specific Hybrid to salinity stress
Authors: Dheeravathu Seva Nayak , Singh Kajal , Ramteke Pramod W. , - Reetu , Dikshit Nilamani , Prasad Mahendra , Deb Dibyendu , Vadithe Thulasi Bai
Published: September 2021

Physiological responses of 3 Bajra-Napier (Cenchrus spp., syn. Pennisetum spp.) hybrid varieties, viz. BNH-3, BNH-6, BNH-10, and 1 ttri-specific hybrid (TSH) were tested under different gradients of soil salinity, i.e. Control, 4, 6 and 8 dS/m electric conductivity (EC), in a pot trial. The experiment was laid out in a factorial completely randomized design with 3 replications. Shoot dry weight, root dry weight, root:shoot ratio and chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll and carotenoid concentrations were reduced with increasing salinity level as compared with Control. However, the concentration of Na+ in leaves increased and K+ concentration decreased with increasing salinity level. Physiological parameters, i.e. relative water content (RWC), membrane stability index (MSI), chlorophyll stability index, carotenoid stability index and K+: Na+ ratio, in leaves tended to be higher in the BNH-3 variety than in other varieties. Shoot dry weight showed highly positive significant correlation with RWC, MSI, K+ concentration and K+:Na+ ratio, while it was negatively correlated with Na+ concentration (P<0.01) All BN hybrid varieties and the tri-specific hybrid studied were susceptible to salinity stress, showing marked reductions in growth as the level of salinity increased above 4 dS/m. However, even at salinity levels producing EC of 8 dS/m these varieties still produced 25‒44% DM yields. There are prospects for improving forage yields from saline soils by planting these hybrids but further breeding studies are warranted to identify germplasm with greater tolerance of saline conditions if these soils are to be utilized effectively to contribute more to supplying forage to support the world’s ruminant population.
Clearing confusion in Stylosanthes taxonomy. 3. S. hamata sensu stricto vs. S. hamata sensu lato
Authors: Cook Bruce G. , Schultze-Kraft Rainer
Published: September 2021

Stylosanthes hamata (L.) Taub., a suffruticose leguminous species with spreading prostrate or ascending stems, is widely distributed in the Caribbean region. It was originally described as Hedysarum hamatum by Linnaeus and later transferred to Stylosanthes by Taubert. To date, chromosome analysis of accessions of S. hamata originating from the Caribbean islands has revealed all to be diploids (2n=20). An accession of a morphologically similar Stylosanthes species, collected near Maracaibo in Venezuela in 1965 and subsequently misidentified as S. hamata, has found application as sown forage on low fertility soils in the subhumid to dry tropics since its registration as cultivar Verano in Australia in 1975. This morphotype has been shown to be tetraploid, and has been referred to in the literature as “tetraploid S. hamata” or “S. hamata sensu lato”. More recent work has demonstrated that the tetraploid is in fact an allotetraploid with S. hamata sensu stricto and S. humilis Kunth as the putative diploid progenitors. Various authors have recommended that the allotetraploid be treated as a separate species. We support this recommendation and suggest that, based on the information provided in this paper, the new species be described and validly published following examination of a more exhaustive range of specimens.
Genetic diversity and population structure of Heteropogon contortus L. germplasm collected from diverse agro-climatic regions in India and development of a core germplasm set
Authors: Roy Ajoy Kumar , Malaviya Devendra Ram , Kaushal Pankaj , Mahanta Sanat Kumar , Tewari Rupali , Chauhan Roopali , Chandra Amaresh
Published: September 2021

Heteropogon contortus, an important constituent of major grasslands of India, Australia and many countries in Africa, Asia and the Americas, is important for pasture and grassland productivity. Hence genetic improvement of the grass needs attention. A genetic variability study, including development of a core subset, was carried out by evaluating 235 accessions collected from different agro-ecological zones of India. The study, based on 16 metric and 14 non-metric traits along with 8 nutritional parameters, indicated that considerable genetic variability existed among the germplasm and selection could result in identification of suitable types for target environments. Clustering and subclustering was performed to select 35 accessions to form a core subset. The statistical analysis indicated that the core subset captured almost all the variability present in the entire germplasm. The study will help researchers to focus future studies on this core subset in developing genetic improvement programs.
What drives the adoption of fodder innovation(s) in a smallholder dairy production system? Evidence from a cross-sectional study of dairy farmers in India
Authors: Thirunavukkarasu D. , Narmatha N. , Alagudurai S.
Published: September 2021

The study in India involving 384 households found that 42.7% of dairy farmers adopted new forage varieties when varieties were released. The farmer’s resources, their caste, access to markets for milk and price received for milk had positive effects on the decision to adopt. Management of farms by women had negative effects on the adoption decision. Increased forage yield and ease of propagation and establishment were important reasons for adoption of varieties, e.g. the relative advantage of pearl millet × Napier grass (Cenchrus americanus × C. purpureus) vs. hedge lucerne (Desmanthus virgatus). Thus, researchers need to address these issues when developing new germplasm, if farmers are to readily adopt new varieties, especially in the case of resource-poor farmers.
Reseña: Develar la diversidad familiar. Parejas del mismo sexo en el eje cafetero colombiano. Autores: Gabriel Gallego, Claudia Patricia Jaramillo, Juana Uribe y José Fernando Vasco
Authors: Pazos Cárdenas Mateo
Published: September 2021

Reseña
Natúram y alma en la guerra: el proceso de constitución de la conciencia de un grupo de jóvenes excombatientes en Colombia
Authors: Delgado Cardona Ricardo Andrés
Published: September 2021

Objetivo: Presentar parte de los resultados derivados del proceso de investigación sobre la constitución psicológica expresada en los sueños de jóvenes excombatientes en Colombia, desarrollado entre los años 2015-2016. El artículo expone la influencia de la relación con la naturaleza -natúram- en la constitución de la realidad psíquica de un grupo de jóvenes excombatientes. Metodología: Proceso de interpretación de hermenéutica dialéctica. Orientado a develar la lógica psíquica expresada a través de los sueños. Resultados: La constitución psicológica en los jóvenes excombatientes se encuentra influenciada y orientada por las formas en las que la conciencia se constituye a partir de su relación con la naturaleza. Conclusiones: Los procesos de diseño, implementación y ejecución de programas para la reintegración social y productiva han de considerar las formas en las que los jóvenes construyen y comprenden la realidad, como formas de fortalecer y facilitar los procesos de los jóvenes excombatientes.
La restauración con sobrevivientes del conflicto armado en Colombia: una propuesta de acción psicosocial
Authors: Lugo Agudelo Victoria , Sánchez Agudelo Paula Vanessa , Rojas Granada Cristian
Published: September 2021

Objetivo: El propósito del presente artículo es presentar los resultados de la indagación bibliográfica sobre la categoría de restauración en relación al acompañamiento psicosocial con los sobrevivientes del conflicto armado colombiano. Metodología: Se revisó la producción a partir del año 2000 en bases de datos especializadas y libros de autores en ciencias sociales que han abordado el concepto. Las categorías que guiaron la búsqueda fueron: definición desde diferentes disciplinas, otros conceptos asociados, aspectos metodológicos y ejemplos. Resultado: Se encontró que la restauración es una acción colectiva y dialógica, que involucra no solo a los sobrevivientes sino también a las comunidades. Conclusión: La restauración es un proceso intencionado que, realizado desde una perspectiva psicosocial, invita a profesionales e instituciones que trabajan con estas poblaciones a abordar los sobrevivientes y las situaciones vividas, no desde lecturas individualistas, sino en su contexto social, histórico, cultural y político.
Mujeres migrantes transgénero centroamericanas en Tapachula, Chiapas. Apuntes sobre transfrontera y territorialidad
Authors: Zarco Ortiz Ernesto Antonio
Published: September 2021

Objetivo: Comprender los procesos migratorios de mujeres transgénero centroamericanas en Tapachula, Chiapas (México), analizando estos desplazamientos desde las categorías de cuerpo, territorio-espacio y transfrontera. Metodología: Investigación cualitativa con enfoque hermenéutico, que a través de entrevistas a profundidad reconstruye los relatos de vida de las colaboradoras. Resultados: Los procesos migratorios de estas mujeres se encuentran ligados a situaciones de desplazamiento forzado por contextos de marginación y precariedad; pero principalmente por violencias vinculadas a relaciones de poder en cuanto a sexo-género, respondiendo a procedimientos de transformación corporal. Conclusiones: La región en tránsito que aquí se presenta está conformada tanto por el movimiento migratorio como por las experiencias corporales de estas mujeres. Es necesario problematizar el territorio y los espacios para elaborar un análisis de los procesos que viven las personas en contextos locales impregnados por situaciones del mundo globalizado, lo que permite conocer la experiencia vivida de quienes coexisten en dichas territorialidades.
The life and work of Stefan Pankovych, the Bishop of the Greek Catholic Eparchy of Mukachevo
Authors:   Ferenc Rákóczi II Transcarpathian Hungarian College of Higher Education (Berehove, Ukraine), Molnár Ferenc
Published: September 2021

When Bishop Stefan Pankovych (1866–1874), who succeeded Vasyl Popovych (died in 1864) was inaugurated, he was almost unknown to the Rusin clergy of the Greek Catholic Eparchy of Mukachevo. The new bishop maintained good relations with members of the Hungarian political elite and actively supported the policy of the Hungarian government. This was manifested on several levels. He promoted to high ecclesiastical positions those who did not support Adolf Dobriansky, a Russophile considered the most significant Rusin leader. Following the Austro-Hungarian Compromise of 1867, Rusin leaders had the opportunity to hold various offices, mainly with the trust of the Hungarian government and the Bishop of Mukachevo. In 1871, Bishop Stefan Pankovych and his followers removed Adolf Dobriansky and Ivan Rakovsky from the leadership in St. Basil the Great Society, which led to a gradual decline of the Russophile trend in the Rusin movement. The Great Russian camp supporters also confronted Stefan Pankovych because of the attempt to introduce the Gregorian calendar and the Latin alphabet in the Mukachevo Diocese. Even more moderate clergy were divided on such issues, because these concepts were important for Rusin identity. However, Stefan Pankovich’s unexpected death on August 29, 1874, temporarily froze debates in the Rusin movement.
Political situation in Subcarpathian Rus as assessed by Czechoslovak officials and scholars
Authors:   University of West Bohemia (Plzen, Czech Republic), Lozoviuk P. , Shevchenko К.V. ,   Branch of Russian State Social University in Minsk (Minsk, Belarus)
Published: September 2021

The article analyzes political, social and cultural situation in Subcarpathian Rus in assessments of Czech officials and ethnographers dated by the time when this region joined Czechoslovakia in 1919. The end of the First World War, disintegration of Austria- Hungary and subsequent incorporation of the lands of historical Hungarian Rus into Czechoslovak state presented the Czechoslovak authorities with the vital need to solve numerous problems related to the ethnic and cultural peculiarities and national identity of the local East Slavic population. Czech ethnographers and officials played an important role in the development of the main directions of the specific policy of the Czechoslovak administration in Subcarpathian Rus. In their practical recommendations to the central government Czech officials tried to take into account the social, cultural, and linguistic characteristics of the local population as well as the geopolitical interests of Czechoslovakia in that strategically important region bordering with Poland, Hungary and Romania. The acquaintance of Czech officials and scholars with the situation in Subcarpathian Rus resulted in maneuvering of the Czechoslovak administration between several cultural and national projects in this region. However, during the 1920-ties representatives of the Ukrainian movement enjoyed the preferences of the authorities in the educational and cultural spheres. Subsequently, this led to the reinforced position of the Ukrainian movement in Subcarpathian Rus and to the growing contradictions between Ukrainophiles and Russophiles during 1930-ties.
Tax Clusterization of Regions of the Russian Federation to Identify Territories-Drivers of Sustainable Development
Authors:   Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Vylkova Elena S. , Victorova Natalia G. ,   Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, Naumov Vladimir N. ,   Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Pokrovskaia Natalia V. ,   St. Petersburg State University
Published: September 2021

The relevance of tax clustering is due to the need for a competent scientifically grounded definition of territories that are drivers of economic growth. The aim of the study was to identify, on the basis of econometric methods, clusters of the regions of the Russian Federation by a set of indicators reflecting their tax status, tax administration, informatization of the tax environment. The Russian regions were grouped into clusters by a set of tax indicators based on official statistical data for 2018 using SPSS, Rstudio, Anaconda Navigator software. As a result of the anomalous values, five federal subjects were excluded from the analysis: Moscow, Sevastopol, Ingushetia, Khanty-Mansi and Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrugs. Econometric analysis made it possible to conclude that there are three clusters of regions according to the analyzed parameters: 1) the least functionally proportional (7 regions), which have the lowest tax intensity of the gross regional product, the highest debt intensity of the gross regional product and the highest level of tax debt of the employed population, companies, and individual entrepreneurs; 2) medium functionally proportional (50 regions) with the lowest efficiency of tax administration, the highest coefficient of tax collection, the lowest level of taxation of the employed population and individual entrepreneurs (but not companies), the lowest level of tax debt of all analyzed subjects, and the lowest additional tax charges and sanctions for violation of tax legislation from tax audits, 3) the most comprehensively successful (22 regions), which are characterized by the highest tax intensity of the gross regional product and the highest level of tax revenues generated by the employed population, companies, and individual entrepreneurs. The regions of this cluster have the most effective taxation of value added and financial results of organizations. Among the regions of the third group, the leaders in terms of digital indicators are: Tyumen Oblast, Murmansk Oblast, Republic of Tatarstan, Leningrad Oblast. The study can develop in the following promising directions: 1) inclusion in the cluster analysis of indicators, not typical for the characteristics of the tax environment, that most fully reflect the influence of external diverse factors on the tax state of the regions; 2) extrapolation of the results to assess the tax status of the territories of other states; 3) the need to improve the tax clustering method based on artificial intelligence technology.
Classification of Technological Development Trends Based on the Analysis of US Patent Time Series. An Empirical Approach
Authors:   Tomsk State University of Control Systems and Radioelectronics, Karnyshev Vladimir I. , Avdzeyko Vladimir I. ,   Tomsk State University of Control Systems and Radioelectronics, Paskal Evgenia S. ,   Tomsk State University of Control Systems and Radioelectronics
Published: September 2021

The forecasting of development trends and the timely revealing of new technical (technological) fields are the key prerequisite for an effective development of modern economy. Only reliable results of technological analysis (forecast) allow identifying new technologies, understanding the evolution of entire industries, carrying out strategic investment planning at the state level, and also planning R&D correctly. The aim of this work is to justify one of the possible approaches to the classification of technical (technological) fields in terms of assessing their relevance, novelty and short-term prospects. This approach is based on patent analysis, in particular, on the study of the time series features of US invention patents (1976-2018) for more than seventy-three thousand main groups (subgroups) of the 17th edition of the International Patent Classification (IPC17). The United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) has been selected as the primary source of information because it is one of the world’s largest and constantly updated patent resources, providing direct access to full-text descriptions. In the authors’ opinion, a feature analysis of the US patent issue dynamics at time intervals (1976-2015, 2009-2018 and 2016-2018) allows dividing the IPC groups (subgroups) into the following three main clusters: “unpromising”, “promising” and “breakthrough”. In terms of the timely revealing of new, previously unknown, technologies or solutions in the technical field, or of the steadily growing technological trends, the “breakthrough” and “promising” subgroups are of the greatest practical interest. The article presents the results of an empirical classification of 71,266 subgroups (with a non-zero number of the issued patents since 1976 to 2018) in eight sections of the IPC17. These data may be useful for developers, researchers and R&D planners in solving complex scientific and technical problems, as well as for making short-term forecast estimates of a specific technical (technological) field development.
The Influence of Institutional Factors on Macroeconomic Dynamics (On the Example of the Russian Federation)
Authors:   Siberian Federal University (Krasnoyarsk, Russian Federation), Demchenko Olga S. , Suslova Yulia Yu. ,   Siberian Federal University (Krasnoyarsk, Russian Federation), Demchenko Svetlana K. ,   Siberian Federal University (Krasnoyarsk, Russian Federation), Zhironkin Sergey A. ,   Siberian Federal University; Tomsk Polytechnic University, Voloshin Andrey V. ,   Siberian Federal University (Krasnoyarsk, Russian Federation), Podoprigora Vladimir G. ,   Siberian Federal University (Krasnoyarsk, Russian Federation)
Published: September 2021

The article presents an original Keynesian-institutional approach to studying the macroeconomic dynamics of a transitional economy (on the example of Russia). The article proposes theoretical provisions related to the inclusion of an assessment of the institutional factor in the distribution of national income, as well as an authorial approach to modeling the relationship between institutions and aggregate demand based on the construction of linear regression equations, including changes in consumption, investment and institutional environment. Currently, economists have a desire to revise the mainstream and increase the requirements for the explanatory ability of macroeconomic models. The views widespread in economic theory are increasingly criticized due to the predominance of econometric analysis over qualitative interpretations, the unrealistic hypotheses of the rationality of economic agents’ behavior and the perfection of market mechanisms based on the assumption that it is possible to predict the future based on an analysis of the past. In order to solve the indicated problems, it is often proposed to use synthetic theories that combine the achievements of several schools of economic thought. One of these synthetic theories is Keynesian-institutional synthesis. The proposed approach is applied to assess the macroeconomic dynamics of the Russian economy, in which a decrease in consumption and investment volatility have been observed over the past five years, which is associated with macroeconomic stabilization and the development of social support institutions. However, the expectations of economic agents are rather unfavorable, and further measures are needed to stabilize aggregate demand. According to the analysis of official statistics, institutional factors significantly affect aggregate demand, but are not of priority. At the same time, the general conditions of the institutional environment have a stronger effect on investment than on consumption. On this basis, it has been concluded that the progress of institutions can not only accelerate economic growth, but also increase macroeconomic risks; therefore, it increases the responsibility of politicians for decisions in the field of economic regulation.
The Essence of Natural Rent and the Implementation of the Principles of Rental Taxation in the Interests of Increasing the Stimulating Effect of the Tax Mechanism and Strengthening the Economic Security of the State
Authors:   Lomonosov Moscow Sate University, Palt Mikhail V. , Chernyavskiy Sergey V. ,   Central Economics and Mathematics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: September 2021

The article analyzes and develops the theoretical views on the category of natural rent in the works of Adam Smith (income exceeding all reasonable costs plus the average profit typical for a given area), David Ricardo (income from the initial and indestructible forces of the soil, the other part of it is paid for the use of capital that was used to improve the quality of the soil and for the construction of buildings), and other economists from land rent (income due to differences in the location and fertility of land) to differential rent II (rental income from additional capital investments) and quasi-rent (rent of machines and equipment), etc. David Ricardo formulated the conditions for the formation and receipt of land rent (lands differ in their location and in their fertility; the number and area of plots that are best in terms of these parameters are limited; lands are privately owned). In turn, Alfred Marshall noted that land rent does not appear as an exclusive phenomenon, but only as one of income sources, among similar ones. In modern conditions, the understanding of rental income is reduced to its interpretation as a profit above the average normal level, that is, excess profit. However, when considering rent as excess profit, the determination of its size is based on a comparison of indicators such as actual and normal profitability rather than land fertility or differences in the depth of occurrence and other natural mining conditions compared with the worst land plot or deposit, and also minerals. The location of land plots, as one of the factors of land productivity affecting land rent, laid the foundation for research in the field of the theory of the location of productive forces. Therefore, in relation to natural (mining) rent, it is necessary to be guided by the classical understanding of it, as income due to objective differences in natural or climatic conditions of agricultural production or subsoil use in comparison with the trailing land plot or deposit. In these conditions, receiving natural rent as income independent of the efforts of the subsoil user (excessive/unearned profit) in favor of the owner of the subsoil, the state, increases the stimulating effect of the tax mechanism in agriculture and the extractive sector of the economy, the efficiency of production and the economy as a whole, and strengthens the national and economic security of the state.