bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Características presentes en las personas profesionales en Orientación para la promoción del involucramiento del estudiantado
Authors: Céspedes Gamboa Yesennia María , Jara Solano Maritza , Ocón Castillo Ramón , Ortiz Monge José Pablo , Rodríguez Porras Carlos David , Santamaría Sánchez María José
Published: September 2021

El presente artículo se desprende del Trabajo Final de Graduación para optar por el grado de Licenciatura en Ciencias de la Educación con énfasis en Orientación de la Universidad de Costa Rica, el cual se realizó desde agosto de 2018 y finalizó en el mes de julio del año 2020. En este estudio se pretende reconocer, a partir de los aportes de las personas participantes, las características que fomentan el involucramiento del estudiantado en su proceso educativo. En la revisión documental no se encontraron estudios donde se enfatizará en las características de las personas profesionales en dicha disciplina. De allí la importancia de la investigación realizada. La metodología correspondió a un enfoque cualitativo y método fenomenológico, se realizaron entrevistas semiestructuradas a profesionales en Orientación en ejercicio y se aplicaron grupos focales con estudiantes de secundaria. Como hallazgos, se obtuvo que las características de apertura, empatía, autenticidad y proactividad enriquecieron el trato digno hacia el estudiantado, lo que favoreció el involucramiento. A su vez, la puesta en práctica de dichas características condujo a la satisfacción profesional de las personas orientadoras. Finalmente, las conclusiones reflejan que las características antes mencionadas permitieron considerar las diferencias entre el estudiantado, además de fomentar el papel protagónico para el involucramiento en su proceso educativo. De igual manera, se concluye que la puesta en práctica de estas características; generó bienestar y satisfacción laboral en las personas profesionales participantes en la investigación.
Plataformas virtuales en la educación superior en tiempos de COVID-19. Experiencias en estudiantes de Cuba
Authors: Jiménez-Puig Elizabeth , Fernández-Fleites Zoylen
Published: September 2021

En la actualidad, las universidades han cerrado sus puertas y se ha implementado un proceso educativo basado en el aprendizaje en línea. El presente artículo expone los resultados de un estudio cuyo principal objetivo fue explorar las preferencias del alumnado de Psicología de la Universidad Central “Marta Abreu” de Las Villas, en relación con el empleo de plataformas virtuales dentro del proceso docente de educación a distancia. Se desarrolló una investigación cuantitativa, con un diseño transversal de tipo descriptivo, mediante cuestionario, con alcance descriptivo, en febrero de 2021. Se empleó un cuestionario a través del software libre Google Forms®. Se realizó un muestreo no probabilístico e intencional. Un total de 72 estudiantes completó el cuestionario. Los datos fueron procesados usando SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences), versión 25, mediante el empleo de la estadística descriptiva. Los resultados mostraron que del grupo de plataformas disponibles para el proceso de educación en línea, la mayoría del alumnado emplea WhatsApp alegando que resulta frecuente su uso entre colegas de estudio, que se encuentran familiarizados con su funcionamiento y que facilita la comunicación. La segunda opción de elección fue el correo personal, y, en tercer lugar, la plataforma Moodle. Conocer las preferencias y motivaciones del alumnado, para dar respuestas a sus quehaceres académicos, orienta al profesorado y la dirección en cuanto al reconocimiento de diversas plataformas, y no solamente de aquellas dictadas institucionalmente. Por tanto, debe hacerse un llamado a la flexibilidad, a la diversidad de posibilidades, un ajuste necesario a lo que el alumnado considera motivante y atrayente.
Relações no ambiente escolar pós-pandemia: enfrentamentos na volta às aulas presenciais
Authors: De Almeida Patrícia Rodrigues , Soster Luz Charlene Bitencourt , Hung Hildegard Susana , Fossatti Paulo
Published: September 2021

Esse estudo tem a intenção de trazer algumas reflexões sobre como irão se dar as relações no ambiente escolar, nas escolas de ensino fundamental, no período pós-pandemia. O ambiente no retorno às aulas necessitará de alguns enfrentamentos devido ao distanciamento social ocasionado pela COVID-19. A abordagem metodológica utilizada é qualitativa com estudo de casos múltiplos de escolas municipais de ensino fundamental da cidade de Canoas no estado do Rio Grande do Sul. A coleta de dados deu-se com o envio de questionário para docentes dessas instituições. Foi utilizada a Análise de Conteúdo de Bardin para analisar os resultados obtidos no questionário. Como resultado, percebemos a importância de pensarmos as relações na volta às aulas, no ambiente escolar, visto que enfrentamos um momento de ineditismo e incertezas. Então, como principais resultados da pesquisa constatamos que 89% das pessoas participantes desta pesquisa pretendem aproveitar algum método ativo de ensino e aprendizagem na pós-pandemia; 91,1% acreditam na importância de trabalhar questões comportamentais em sala de aula; 82,1% têm receio de enfrentar as demandas de defasagem na aprendizagem utilizando o ensino híbrido. Portanto, a pandemia proporcionou o desenvolvimento profissional docente, apesar da perda do contato presencial, que será retomado para o retorno às aulas presenciais, quando serão levadas também as experiências vividas, juntamente com o trabalho nas questões comportamentais. Além disso, é perceptível que existe ansiedade quanto ao ensino híbrido.
Experiencias generadas a partir del proyecto Orientación en Tiempos de Cuarentena: Un aporte para la Orientación en la virtualidad
Authors: Marin Solórzano Andrea , Gómez Díaz David , Masís Narváez Elizabeth , Rivera Rojas Emilio , Garro Núñez Karen , Obando Castro Margarita
Published: September 2021

El artículo presenta la sistematización de las experiencias de la población beneficiaria y de las personas estudiantes voluntarias de la carrera de Orientación generadas a partir del proyecto Orientación en Tiempos de Cuarentena (OETC). Este proyecto fue desarrollado por la Asociación de Estudiantes de Orientación de la Universidad de Costa Rica (ASEORI) durante los meses de marzo a agosto del año 2020. El objetivo fue evidenciar los aportes del acompañamiento virtual, brindado desde la modalidad de Orientación Individual, mediante las experiencias de las personas involucradas en el proyecto. Este artículo, se basa en el modelo teórico-metodológico de sistematización de las experiencias propuesto por Óscar Jara, desde un enfoque cualitativo. En el proyecto mencionado participaron 23 personas estudiantes voluntarias de cuarto año y licenciatura de la carrera de Orientación, acompañando de forma virtual a 116 personas de 56 carreras distintas de la Universidad de Costa Rica. La información se compiló por medio de una base de datos diseñada para el Proyecto. En ella, se resguardaron consentimientos informados, evaluaciones y autoevaluaciones realizadas por las personas involucradas. Los resultados demuestran la efectividad alcanzable desde la Orientación Individual, complementada con el modelo tecnológico para la intervención a distancia, debido a que se evidencia que se puede realizar acompañamientos y procesos de Orientación que promuevan el bienestar de las personas orientadas.
Ansiedade, Depressão e Estresse do estudantado universitário pelo reinício das aulas em tempo de pandemia
Authors: Da Fonseca Amândio Jamba Pedro , Gross Tur Ramiro , Epandi Canhanga Anastácio Pascoal , Firmino Morais Maurício
Published: September 2021

A pandemia da COVID-19 constitui ameaça à saúde humana, é identificada como um estressor significativo que coloca em risco a saúde psicológica e o bem-estar de pessoas em todo o mundo; pode desencadear níveis leves e graves de problemas psicossociais. O objetivo desta investigação foi descrever os níveis de ansiedade, depressão e estresse do estudantado do Instituto Superior Politécnico do Bié, no município do Kuito em Angola. Trata-se de um estudo quantitativo, não experimental, transversal com alcance descritivo. De forma não probabilística acidental, participaram 376 estudantes dos cursos de Comunicação Social, Contabilidade e Administração, Engenharia Informática e Psicologia, entre os quais 140 mulheres (37,23%) e 236 homens (62,77%), na faixa etária de 18 a 60 anos, com média de idade de 25,99 anos. A recolha de dados realizou-se no período de cinco a 30 de outubro de 2020 e a análíse fez-se durante os meses de janeiro e fevereiro de 2021. Aplicou-se a Escala de Ansiedade, Depressão e Stresse, EADS-21(Pais-Ribeiro, et al., 2004), é uma escala composta por três sub-escalas distribuidas em 21 itens que avaliam: Ansiedade, Depressão e Estresse, avaliados através de uma escala de resposta de tipo Likert, de 4 pontos. Os resultados mostram que o estudantado apresenta níveis baixos de Ansiedade, Depressão e Estresse. Conclui-se que, no sexo feminino, na faixa etária dos 18 aos 30 anos, nos primeiros anos de frequência e nos cursos de Contabilidade e Administração e Psicologia há maiores afetações dos indicadores Ansiedade, Depressão e Estress.
Las percepciones de docentes costarricenses de francés sobre la enseñanza remota de emergencia en el año 2020 en la Universidad de Costa Rica
Authors: Chao Chao Kuok-Wa , Arias Corrales Ileana
Published: September 2021

Durante el I ciclo de 2020 las personas docentes de la Universidad de Costa Rica adaptaron, en pocos días, sus cursos presenciales a la modalidad virtual en un contexto de emergencia sanitaria. Tomando en cuenta este contexto, se propuso una investigación cualitativa de tipo exploratorio en la que se solicitó a un grupo de personas docentes de francés (N=19) responder a un cuestionario en línea en el mes de julio de 2020. El objetivo que motivó esta investigación, fue analizar las percepciones de las personas docentes sobre la virtualidad (ventajas y dificultades). Las percepciones encontradas pertenecen en primer lugar al nivel socioafectivo, seguidas por percepciones sobre aspectos pedagógicos, logísticos y tecnológicos. En cuanto a las ventajas, todas se centran en el estudiantado y sobre todo en el desarrollo de su autonomía y la autogestión del aprendizaje. Las personas docentes apuestan por un modelo de enseñanza en el que haya cursos presenciales, híbridos (presencialidad - cursos en línea) y cursos virtuales en lugar de una virtualidad total de los cursos de francés. Se concluyó que esta modalidad de enseñanza impuesta al inicio de la pandemia conlleva grandes cambios de los modelos actuales e implica una mayor capacitación del personal docente para adaptarse y adaptar sus cursos.
Saberes y mediaciones pedagógicas en contingencia sanitaria. El caso de una educadora en un contexto marginal
Authors: Martínez Barradas Rosa Lilian
Published: September 2021

La educación preescolar como primer eslabón de la educación obligatoria en México es fundamental para cimentar las bases cognitivas, físicas y axiológicas en el individuo. Este artículo sistematiza el seguimiento a una educadora con 20 años de experiencia, quien actualmente se desempeña en una institución educativa ubicada en un contexto urbano con alta marginación social. Interesa reconocer los saberes docentes emergentes para atender las situaciones que este contexto le demanda, así como las estrategias y mediaciones que le han permitido salvaguardar los propósitos formativos del nivel educativo, sobre todo en lo que el confinamiento causado por el SARS-CoV-2 ha provocado. El seguimiento se realizó en el periodo comprendido entre septiembre de 2019 y marzo de 2021, bajo la metodología de estudio de caso que, posicionado en el paradigma cualitativo, utiliza el Modelo de Análisis de las Interacciones Escolares E-P-R y el concepto de saber docente de Tardif. El análisis parte del cruce de datos de las entrevistas (a profundidad y semiestructuradas) con los registros de observación de ocho sesiones remotas. Los resultados permiten visibilizar cómo la pandemia ha estimulado la creación de situaciones de enseñanza en donde las mediaciones principales son el uso de los lenguajes oral y gestual. También se detectan saberes centrados en la importancia de reconocer al otro desde el aprendizaje situado, evidenciando adecuaciones que buscan interacciones más cercanas, a pesar de estar mediadas por una pantalla. Igualmente, se afirma que estos hallazgos requieren de mayor estudio y análisis por parte del colectivo docente, en atención a la estrategia metodológica.
Experiencias de estudiantes de nivel superior en el marco de la pandemia: el tránsito de lo presencial a la enseñanza remota
Authors: Álvarez Hernández Gabriel Alejandro
Published: September 2021

El presente artículo es un informe de una investigación realizada con estudiantes de las licenciaturas en Pedagogía y Psicología Educativa de la Universidad Pedagógica Nacional Unidad 096 en la Ciudad de México en el marco de la pandemia provocada por el virus SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19). Dicha pandemia ocasionó el traslado de cursos presenciales a cursos a distancia, de modo que el estudiantado que colaboró en esta investigación tuvo la experiencia de ese cambio de modalidad de forma emergente y sin una estrategia didáctica previa. Esto tuvo consecuencias de corte didáctico, puesto que la planta docente no tenía la formación pedagógica para trabajar a distancia y la comunidad estudiantil tampoco estaba capacitada ni tenía la experiencia. Para la realización de esta investigación se ocupó el enfoque cualitativo, la fenomenología hermenéutica como base epistemológica y el método biográfico narrativo. Por su parte, los instrumentos fueron cuestionarios por medio de formularios de Google y entrevistas por meet, que se aplicaron a un 80% de la población estudiantil en el periodo de marzo a julio de 2020. Los resultados que se obtuvieron develaron que cada docente elaboró su propia estrategia para concluir los cursos, mientras que el estudiantado vivió múltiples formas derivadas de lo que cada docente le propuso. Lo anterior, entre otros factores, generó un ambiente de incertidumbre y confusión que alteró el curso de sus estudios. Se concluye con la necesidad elaborar estrategias pedagógicas que permitan un trabajo colegiado y homologado, de manera que los objetivos de aprendizaje se alcancen.
Percepciones del estudiantado, discriminación educacional por medio de la normalización de la exclusión
Authors: Oñate Escobar Susana Arlette , Alfaro Urrutia Jorge Eduardo
Published: September 2021

La educación cumple un rol esencial en la formación de una sociedad más justa. Chile es un país en que las políticas de inclusión educativa trabajan de manera paralela a las políticas de integración. Por ello es fundamental develar cómo se presentan las prácticas de exclusión, segregación y discriminación en escuelas, con el fin de estudiar cómo obstaculizan la inclusión. Este artículo expone los resultados de un estudio que se sustenta en el paradigma interpretativo, un diseño cualitativo y un caso único de investigación. Se desarrolla en el año 2019, con la participación de 8 estudiantes, en un establecimiento escolar con gran trayectoria y características que lo hacen interesante de conocer, en la comuna de Temuco, región de La Araucanía, Chile. Esto permite analizar y categorizar las percepciones del estudiantado sobre prácticas de respuesta a la diversidad. Los resultados de investigación arrojaron percepciones sobre prácticas de respuesta excluyentes, segregadoras, de integración e inclusivas, esta última en tres subcategorías: relaciones, estrategias pedagógicas y políticas inclusivas. La discusión muestra que las prácticas de exclusión son normalizadas y justificadas cuando estas no afectan directamente al grupo dominante o bien, cuando la inclusión puede perjudicar el rendimiento individual de las personas pertenecientes a ese grupo. Asimismo, se expone que esta comunidad educativa se enfoca en la promoción de una cultura inclusiva, sin cuestionar la estructura normativa formal de respuestas a la diversidad, lo que genera que el estudiantado perciba prácticas segregadoras frente a Necesidades Educativas Especiales.
Análisis de la experiencia del Grupo de Teatro Inclusivo Rompecabezas desde las voces de sus protagonistas
Authors: González Rojas Viviana , Sandoval Poveda Alicia
Published: September 2021

Este artículo relata la réplica de la experiencia de Loyd con el Grupo de Teatro Inclusivo Rompecabezas, con el objetivo de indagar la satisfacción, apreciación, recuerdos y aprendizajes de las personas participantes en el proyecto. El Grupo Rompecabezas forma parte de un proyecto de la Universidad Estatal a Distancia, que se desarrolla en San José, Costa Rica. De este se desprende la experiencia que da pie a este artículo desde un enfoque cualitativo y un alcance descriptivo. A finales de 2018 se aplicó una entrevista multimodal a 18 participantes del grupo con un rango de edad entre los 13 y 27 años, con Trastorno del Espectro Autista, Síndrome de Down y otras situaciones de discapacidad. Los resultados manifiestan un gusto generalizado de las personas participantes por el teatro y las diversas actividades relacionadas con el proyecto. Las opiniones de quienes participaron en relación con los beneficios que el teatro les aportaba, estuvieron enfocadas al trabajo con amigos, el triunfo colectivo y la diversión. Fue posible determinar que recuerdan y reconocen, en algunas ocasiones con apoyo, los espacios principales de las actividades del taller de teatro. La metodología aplicada para recuperar los puntos de vista de todas las personas participantes demostró ser accesible a todos sus estilos comunicativos. Se evidencian los aspectos que se proponían evaluar en esta experiencia en relación con el grado de satisfacción, los recuerdos, la apreciación y los aprendizajes de las personas participantes en el proyecto.
Socialización del profesorado en una institución militar: la acción de mando como dispositivo
Authors: Mauerberg Teche de Farias Tamara Aretta , Zanella Penteado Regina , De Souza Neto Samuel
Published: September 2021

El objetivo es investigar la socialización docente en una institución educativa militar, a partir del análisis de la acción de mando (AC) en el ámbito de una Pasantía de Adaptación Técnica / PAT para la inserción de docentes civiles en la formación militar del Comando Aeronáutico Brasileño (COMAER). Se trata de una investigación cualitativa (estudio de caso) que hace uso de técnicas de análisis de diferentes documentos del PAT (planes docentes, manuales y normativas) y entrevistas a tres profesores de Educación Física participantes del PAT; los datos que se analizan mediante la técnica de análisis de contenido. La AC fue identificada en la planificación de la enseñanza y caracterizada en los elementos que la integran y que componen el lenguaje de enseñanza, en línea tanto con la expresividad (logopedia) como con la noción bourdieusiana de habitus corporal / hexis; utilizando calificadores y representaciones del cuerpo que trabajen para mantener lógicas de control en el contexto militar. Además, el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje de la AC corresponde a una pedagogía guiada por la primacía de la visibilidad, la codificación de prácticas y la imitación / reproducción de modelos, relacionada con una idea de la enseñanza como trabajo moral y técnico. AC trabaja en la enseñanza de la socialización de manera opuesta a lo recomendado para la construcción de la docencia como profesión.
Objetivos de Desarrollo Sustentable y funciones sustantivas en las Instituciones de Educación Superior
Authors: García-Arce Julia Guadalupe , Pérez- Ramírez Carlos Alberto , Gutiérrez Barba Blanca Estela
Published: September 2021

Los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sustentable (ODS) constituyen un marco para poder cumplir con los propósitos de la sustentabilidad en sus múltiples dimensiones sociales, económicas y ambientales. Por cuanto, las Instituciones de Educación Superior (IES) pueden ser consideradas como un actor social determinante para impulsar su cumplimiento. El presente artículo tiene como objetivo sintetizar criterios para el análisis de los ODS a partir de cuatro funciones sustantivas de la actividad universitaria: gestión institucional, prácticas y cultura ambiental de la universidad; educación y aprendizaje; investigación; y liderazgo social. Para ello, se llevó a cabo un análisis hermenéutico durante el periodo comprendido de enero a junio de 2020, en el que los productos obtenidos fueron ocho marcos analíticos y referenciales de diversas instituciones tanto mexicanas como internacionales. En este análisis se consiguió como resultado la coincidencia de 32 criterios clasificados de acuerdo con las funciones sustantivas de las IES, lo que permitirá comprender los alcances y limitaciones de las IES para el cumplimiento de los ODS y el impulso de la sustentabilidad. De manera preliminar, a pesar de que no se tiene una comprobación in situ se puede concluir que las IES, a través de las funciones sustantivas, pueden facilitar los ODS y la dimensión ambiental de la sustentabilidad.
The Problems of The Marriage Age Changing in Indonesia in the Perspectives of Muslim Jurists and Gender Equality
Authors: Zulaiha Eni , Mutaqin Ayi Zaenal
Published: September 2021

The rules regarding the age limit for marriage as contained in Article 7 of Law no. 1 of 1974, which states that the minimum age of marriage for men is 19 years and for women is 16 years. These rules were amended through law no. 16 of 2019, which stipulates that the age limit for marriage, both for men and women, are in the same age, 19 years old. This change is intended to bring benefits of marriage minimizes the conflict in the household. But in fact, the changing age limit for marriage still creates some problems; for example, not a few Muslims view that in Islam, there are no provisions regarding age limits and there are dispensations for those forced to marry under a predetermined age. This research aims to find out the problematics of the law on changing the age limit for marriage. The research approach used qualitative with descriptive analysis methods and literature review. The results of the study indicate that there are several problems regarding the age limit between First, Islamic law does not stipulate a minimum age for marriage, so that some people do not heed the provision; Second, there are some rules regarding dispensation for those who want to get married at the age of 19 by putting forward to the court. This is an opportunity to violate the regulations; Third, changes to the law that have raised the age limit for marriage, in reality, in society, have not been able to stop the rate of early-age marriage.
Kajian Semiotika Roland Barthes terhadap Simbol Perempuan dalam Al-Qur’an
Authors: Mulyaden Asep
Published: September 2021

This article aims to examine the symbol of women in the Qur'an. Because women have always been discriminated against and have not received equality, to find answers from the Qur'an, the author looks for it with the semiotic approach of Roland Barthes, who holds that everything can be approached in two stages; namely the first stage is called the linguistic system and the second stage is called the mythical system (myth). In Barthes's view, Myth is assumed to be a signifying system built on three things: the signifier, the signified, and the sign. Based on Barthes' theoretical approach to the symbols of zauj, imra’ah, and women as queens, women and men have similarities and differences. In one case, they are the same, but in another, they are different. They have similarities in origin, namely both from land, similarity in status as humans, equality in terms of responsibilities, job eligibility, and the like. But in terms of duties and obligations, in terms of physical, mental both have differences.
Epalrestat suppresses inflammatory response in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW264.7 cells
Authors: Sato Keisuke , Tatsunami Ryosuke , Wakame Koji
Published: September 2021

Introduction and objectives: Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a potent inducer of inflammatory response. Inflammation is a major risk factor for many diseases. Regulation of inflammatory mediator and pro-inflammatory cytokine levels could be a potential therapeutic approach to treat inflammatory injury. The purpose of the present study was to determine whether epalrestat (EPS), which is used for the treatment of diabetic neuropathy, suppresses inflammatory response in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells.
Material and methods: The effects of EPS at near-plasma concentration on the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and inflammatory mediators was examined using by MTS assay, quantitative RT-PCR analysis, and western blotting in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells.
Results: EPS suppressed mRNA and protein expression levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including IL-1β, IL-6, and TNFα, in RAW264.7 cells stimulated with LPS. EPS also affected inflammatory mediators such as iNOS and NF-κB in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells.
Conclusions: In this study, we demonstrated for the first time that EPS suppresses inflammatory response in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. From these results, we propose that targeting the regulation of pro-inflammatory cytokine levels and inflammatory mediators by EPS is a promising therapeutic approach to treat inflammatory injury. It is expected that EPS, whose safety and pharmacokinetics have been confirmed clinically, would be useful for the treatment of inflammatory diseases.
Primary Renal Synovial Sarcoma Presenting as Haemorrhagic Shock
Authors: Alzahrani Ibrahim , Albqami Nasser , Alkhayal Abdullah , AlOudah Norah , Alyami Ali
Published: September 2021

Primary synovial sarcoma (PSS) of the kidney is considered the rarest type of all renal sarcomas with specific chromosomal translocation t (X; 18) (p11.2; q11.2). We report the case of a 65-year-old man with no medical conditions who presented to the emergency department with sudden severe right flank pain associated with haemodynamic instability and haemorrhagic shock. Computed tomography (CT) of the abdomen and pelvis revealed a right renal mass. A right open radical nephrectomy was performed. Histopathology revealed a monophasic synovial sarcoma. The patient received six cycles of docetaxel and gemcitabine as adjuvant chemotherapy. No sign of recurrence was seen on a follow-up CT urogram. This rare tumour often presents atypically, and clear guidelines regarding appropriate treatment are lacking. Our case showed that treatment with docetaxel/gemcitabine after an open radical nephrectomy is promising.
Development of conceptual model of project value dynamics analysis in conditions of uncertainty
Authors: Bugrov Olexander , Bugrova Olena
Published: September 2021

A conceptual model for analyzing the dynamics of the value of the project, achieved as a result of engineering, under conditions of uncertainty has been developed. In the methodological context, the proposed approach is based on an array of isovalues, each of which corresponds to its own level of optimism in forecasting the cash flow for the project. With the increase in the efficiency of the project due to engineering, the entire array of iso-value lines’ changes its geometrical position, moving further from the origin (in the four-dimensional space "time-benefit-cost-risk"). The proposed model includes three stages. At the first stage, input information is collected and the corresponding analysis is initiated. The result of the second stage is a multivariate cash flow forecast and calculation of the benefit-cost ratio (BCR) and its changes for each scenario. The third stage provides the calculation of the expected BCR and its change, an assessment of the risk of making an erroneous decision and changing this risk as a result of the engineering session. The model makes it possible to calculate the achieved proportion of the static and dynamic vectors of change in the value of the project, which is one of the key manifestations of the scientific novelty of the work. In the example considered, the share of the dynamic vector of growth in the value of the project was found to be 35.47 %. The model has an environmental property - the assessment of the success of value engineering under conditions of uncertainty is carried out on the basis of the annual total benefits and the annual total costs throughout the project cycle. Thus, the analysis takes into account the impact of the project on the environment, which is reflected in the risk assessment. The given case testifies to the feasibility of applying the model in the practice of engineering the value of construction projects.
Radiofrequency catheter ablation for ventricular tachycardia using robotic magnetic navigation technology in a teenager after surgery of congenital heart disease and transcatheter closure of ventricular septal defect using an occluder: a case report
Authors: Ponomarenko A. V. , Morzhanaev Egor Alexeyevich , Mikheenko I. L. , Romanov A. B.
Published: September 2021

Introduction. The case report describes radiofrequency ablation of ventricular tachycardia (VT) using robotic magnetic navigation (RMN) in a teenager after surgery of congenital heart disease (CHD) and transcatheter closure of ventricular septal defect (VSD) using an occluder.

Short description. The 16-year-old female patient was operated on in 2005 for CHD. In 2018, the patient underwent resection of ascending aortic sub-valvular membrane, followed by transcatheter closure of VSD with an occluder. After surgery, VT of 294 bpm was documented, which required an emergency hospitalization. Decision was taken to perform a radiofrequency ablation (RFA) using RMN. RFA was performed from the pulmonary artery valve through the scar to upper occluder edge spreading to tricuspid valve. After procedure, VT paroxysms were not induced with all pacing types. According to ECG series and 24-hour Holter monitoring on the 2nd day after surgery, VT episodes were not recorded. During the 6-month follow-up period, VT episodes were not registered without taking antiarrhythmic drugs.

Discussion. This case report demonstrates the effectiveness of using RMN system for VT ablation in a teenager with CHD, who underwent open surgical interventions and transcatheter VSD closure using an occluder.
Coronary endarterectomy in myocardial revascularization
Authors: Visker Ya. Yu. , Kovalchuk D. N. , Molchanov A. N. , Ibragimov O. R.
Published: September 2021

Aim. To compare the immediate outcomes of combined coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) with coronary endarterectomy (CE) and isolated CABG.

Material and methods. This retrospective study included 192 patients with stable angina who underwent myocardial revascularization in the period from January 2016 to August 2018. The patients were divided into 2 groups. Group 1 included patients who underwent combined CABG and CE, while group 2 — patients who underwent isolated CABG. Patients in both groups did not differ in the main preoperative characteristics, with the exception of the incidence of obesity and right coronary artery disease.

Results. In-hospital mortality in group 1 was 2,2% (n=2), in group 2 — 2% (n=2). The incidence of perioperative myocardial infarction in group 1 was 1% (n=1) and in group 2 — 0%. There were no significant differences between groups in the following postoperative parameters: in-hospital mortality, perioperative myocardial infarction, need and duration of inotropic support, duration of mechanical ventilation (MV) and need for long-term mechanical ventilation, stroke, arrhythmias, resternotomy for bleeding. In group 1, encephalopathy (11,8%) and respiratory failure (12,9%) were significantly more common.

Conclusion. Combined CABG and CE is a safe technique for achieving complete myocardial revascularization in diffuse coronary artery disease, since, in comparison with isolated CABG, there is no increase in the incidence of death and perioperative myocardial infarction. However, in this category of patients, an increase in the incidence of non-lethal, non-disabling cerebral and pulmonary complications should be expected.
Myocardial revascularization in patients with acute coronary syndrome in the context of COVID-19 pandemic: a single-center prospective cohort study
Authors: Kamenskaya O. V. , Klinkova A. S. , Loginova I. Yu. , Habarov D. V. , Chernyavskiy A. M. , Lomivorotov V. V.
Published: September 2021

Aim. To assess the outcomes of myocardial revascularization (MR) and identify risk factors for early postoperative complications in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) in the context of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.

Material and methods. The study included 769 patients aged 67,0±4,4 years with CAD with ACS in the period from April to October 2020. In an expedited manner, percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (n=699) and on pump coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) (n=70) were performed. All patients underwent a COVID-19 rapid tests. After MR, the following outcomes were recorded: adverse cardiovascular events and other complications; various surgical interventions; bilateral COVID-19 pneumonia; death. The follow-up period lasted 30 days.

Results. During the hospitalization, COVID-19 was detected in 5,3% of patients (n=41). Among them, bilateral multisegmental pneumonia developed in 48,8%. Among infected patients, COVID-19-related mortality in the early postoperative period was 9,8%. The all-cause mortality rate was 0,7%. On pump CABG significantly increases the risk of developing COVID-19 pneumonia (odds ratio (OR), 23,2; 95% confidence interval (CI) 14,2-35,4; p<0,001). After MR, COVID-19 pneumonia was associated with respiratory (OR, 7,6; 95% CI, 4,3-11,5; p=0,001) and heart failure (OR, 4,2; 95% CI, 2,9-8,6; p=0,001), atrial fibrillation (OR, 8,3; 95% CI, 4,1-13,9; p=0,001), as well as with all-cause mortality (OR, 10,3; 95% CI, 5,2-16,7; p=0,005). Recurrent transmural myocardial infarction in patients with CAD was associated with heart failure after MR (OR, 7,1; 95% CI, 2,4-12,6; p=0,012).

Conclusion. Conducting on pump CABG in patients with CAD with ACS is the leading trigger for developing COVID-19 pneumonia, which, during hospitalization after MR, was associated not only with respiratory complications, but also with impaired heart function, which significantly increases the death risk in this category of patients.
Selection of optimal endarterectomy technique in the left anterior descending artery for diffuse coronary atherosclerosis
Authors: Belash S. A. , Barbukhatti K. O. , Shevchenko S. S. , Yasakova E. P. , Nekrasov A. S. , Porkhanov V. A.
Published: September 2021

Aim. To determine the optimal method for performing coronary artery endarterectomy (СE) based on immediate and long-term outcomes of coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) in combination with open or closed CE in the left anterior descending artery (LAD).

Material and methods. This retrospective study included 103 patients who underwent CABG in combination with closed CE and 204 after open CE in the LAD during the period from 2003 to 2016. In both groups, the patient age was comparable (65 years [56; 69] vs 67 years [58; 72] (p=0,263)). There were more men (88,3% vs 81,4% (p=0,421). The mean follow-up period was 94 months [38; 180]. Long-term outcomes were assessed in 86,4% (n=89) and 83,8% (n=171) of patients from the closed and open CE groups, respectively (p=0,141). Angiographic data were studied in 75,3% and 67,3% of patients, respectively (p=0,441).

Results. In the closed and open CE groups, in-hospital mortality was 4,8% and 1,5% (p=0,0012), incidence of perioperative myocardial infarction — 11,6% vs 2,5%, (p<0,001), survival rate after 7,8 years — 81,3±5,1% and 84,4±3,2% (p=0,342), respectively. The patency of arterial shunts was significantly higher in the open CE group — 93,1% vs 80,6% (p=0,004). At the same time, the patency of venous shunts in the long-term period between the groups was comparable — 70,1% vs 73,7% (p=0,314).

Conclusion. Open CE in combination with CABG provides better immediate outcomes compared to closed CE. Long-term survival and freedom from angina between the groups were comparable. In the long-term period, the patency of internal thoracic artery after open CE is better than after the closed technique. Open CE is a safe and effective method to achieve complete myocardial revascularization in patients with severe diffuse LAD atherosclerosis.
Comparative assessment of the diagnostic value of echocardiography and magnetic resonance imaging in determining myocardial viability
Authors: Kryukov N. A. , Ryzhkov A. V. , Sukhova I. V. , Anan’evskaya P. V. , Fokin V. A. , Gordeev M. L.
Published: September 2021

Aim. To compare myocardial imaging methods in patients with complicated coronary artery disease with significantly decreased myocardial contractility.

Material and methods. This single-center retrospective study included 109 patients with complicated coronary artery disease who underwent surgical treatment between 2014 and 2020. All patients had indications for delayed contrast-enhanced cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in order to determine myocardial viability due to a pronounced decrease in left ventricular contractility according to echocardiography (ejection fraction (EF) ≤30%).

Results. Impairment of local contractility according to MRI and echocardiography significantly correlates with depth of contrast accumulation (p=0,0000000018 and p=0,0000034, respectively). Delayed contrast-enhanced cardiac MRI with cine sequences allows to determine higher number of impaired contractility cases compared with echocardiography (p=0,000006).

Conclusion. MRI with cine sequence allowed to determine higher number of impaired contractility cases compared with echocardiography. Delayed contrastenhanced MRI is a reliably more sensitive method than electrocardiography in detecting left ventricular scarring. The depth of contrast agent accumulation correlates with local contractility impairment detected by echocardiography and delayed contrast-enhanced cardiac MRI.
Risk assessment of contrast-induced acute kidney injury in patients with acute myocardial infarction after coronary angiography and percutaneous coronary intervention
Authors: Ursta A. A. , Kharkov E. I. , Petrova M. M. , Kotikov A. R. , Ursta O. V.
Published: September 2021

Aim. To assess the risk of contrast-induced acute renal injury (CI-AKI) in patients with acute myocardial infarction in a highly specialized hospital after coronary angiography.

Material and methods. The study sample included 502 patients who were treated in the cardiology department of a specialized hospital. CI-AKI was established by an increase in creatinine >26 μmol/L within 48 hours after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with radiopaque contrast agents or an increase in creatinine >50% within a week after PCI. A multistage statistical analysis was used to search for possible predictors of CI-AKI.

Results. In total, CI-AKI was diagnosed in 57 (11,3%) patients. Based on the analysis performed, 3 significant predictors of CI-AKI were identified: patient’s age, contrast medium volume (ml/kg) and anemia (presence/absence). An equation for assessing the risk of CI-AKI in patients after PCI has been created.

Conclusion. A simple scale for assessing the CI-AKI risk makes it possible to identify a category of patients who requires preventive measures to reduce iatrogenic complications and mortality.
Calcification markers and long-term outcomes of coronary artery bypass grafting
Authors: Stakhneva E. M. , Kashtanova E. V. , Kurguzov A. V. , Maslatsov N. A. , Polonskaya Ya. V. , Murashov I. S. , Chernyavsky A. M. , Ragino Yu. I.
Published: September 2021

Aim. To assess the long-term outcomes of coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) and their association with calcification biomarkers.

Material and methods. The study included 129 men (mean age, 61,5±7,5 years) with coronary atherosclerosis who were admitted for CABG surgery. Patients were divided into 2 groups: with favorable and unfavorable (death, myocardial infarction, stroke, surgery) 5-year prognosis after surgery. Before the surgery, the blood concentrations of calcification biomarkers (osteoprotegerin, osteopontin, osteonectin and osteocalcin) were determined in all patients.

Results. Long-term outcomes of myocardial revascularization were studied in 92 patients (71%). An unfavorable long-term 5-year period was identified in 28 men (30,4%). In men with an unfavorable 5-year prognosis, the blood osteocalcin level before CABG was 1,2 times higher than in men with a favorable one. Multivariate linear regression showed that the risk of a 5-year unfavorable prognosis for coronary atherosclerosis after myocardial revascularization was associated with the blood osteocalcin concentration, determined before CABG (B=0,018, R2=0,285, p=0,008).

Conclusion. The data obtained indicate the relevance of continuing studies on osteocalcin, including with respect to its contribution to coronary atherosclerosis and calcification.
Comparative efficacy of medication and cardiac resynchronization therapy in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction
Authors: Eyyubova U. A.
Published: September 2021

Aim. To compare the effectiveness of standard conservative therapy for heart failure (HF) with the inclusion of sacubitril/valsartan combination and device therapy.

Material and methods. The study included 64 patients from 38 to 73 years old (45 men and 19 women; mean age, 59,5±0,9 years) hospitalized in Baku (Azerbaijan) hospital due to NYHA class II-IV HF. The patients were divided into the experimental (group 1) and control (group 2) groups. The experimental group included 33 patients who took sacubitril/valsartan twice a day in combination with other drugs for standard HF therapy. The control group included 31 patients after cardiac resynchronization therapy. We compared clinical and hemodynamic parameters (including 6-minute walk test and echocardiography data) before and 6 months after treatment, as well as blood concentration of brain natriuretic peptide (BNP). In addition, Kaplan-Meier survival curves were analyzed.

Results. As a result of 6-month therapy, clinical condition of patients in both groups was improved. In the experimental group, some parameters were significantly better than in the control one. So, the differences regarded distance in 6-minute walk test (pu=0,002), changes in HF class (pu=0,017), LV ESD (pu=0,006), LV EDD (pu=0,001) and blood BNP concentrations (pu<0,001).

Conclusion. The use of sacubitril/valsartan combination as part of standard HF therapy was accompanied by a significant improvement in the clinical, hemodynamic and biochemical parameters of patients with HF compared with device therapy.
Machine learning in predicting immediate and long-term outcomes of myocardial revascularization: a systematic review
Authors: Geltser B. I. , Rublev V. Yu. , Tsivanyuk M. M. , Shakhgeldyan K. I.
Published: September 2021

Machine learning (ML) is among the main tools of artificial intelligence and are increasingly used in population and clinical cardiology to stratify cardiovascular risk. The systematic review presents an analysis of literature on using various ML methods (artificial neural networks, random forest, stochastic gradient boosting, support vector machines, etc.) to develop predictive models determining the immediate and long-term risk of adverse events after coronary artery bypass grafting and percutaneous coronary intervention. Most of the research on this issue is focused on creation of novel forecast models with a higher predictive value. It is emphasized that the improvement of modeling technologies and the development of clinical decision support systems is one of the most promising areas of digitalizing healthcare that are in demand in everyday professional activities.
Comparative analysis of hemodynamic characteristics of the biological xenogenic pericardial prosthesis MEDINGE-BIO with “easy change” system and the xenogenic aortic prosthesis Hancock II after aortic valve replacement
Authors: Petlin K. A. , Kosovskikh E. A. , Lelik E. V. , Kozlov B. N.
Published: September 2021

Aim. To compare the outcomes of aortic valve replacement using the xenogenic aortic prosthesis Hancock II and the novel Russian xenogenic pericardial prosthesis MEDINGE-BIO.

Material and methods. The study included patients operated on for aortic stenosis in the cardiac surgery department № 1 of the Cardiology Research Institute (Tomsk National Research Medical Center). All patients were divided into two groups. The first group included 54 patients with Hancock II prostheses, the second — 91 patients with MEDINGE-BIO prostheses. Hemodynamic characteristics of heart valves were assessed by echocardiography before surgery and before discharge (on average 10 days after surgery).

Results. When comparing hemodynamic parameters before and after surgery, significant differences between the groups were not obtained. The average pressure gradient after surgery using Hancock II and MEDINGE-BIO prosthesis was 21,6±7,9 and 17,9±5,6 mm Hg, respectively (p=0,05).

Conclusion. The comparative analysis showed that the novel biological prosthesis MEDINGE-BIO has comparable hemodynamic characteristics with the well-known aortic prosthesis Hancock II.
Management of patients with acquired valvular heart disease in noncardiac surgery
Authors: Irtyuga O. B. , Malev E. G. , Gordeev M. L.
Published: September 2021

Valvular heart disease is widespread among general population, mainly in older age groups, who often require noncardiac surgery. As the population ages, the significance of this problem will only increase. The basic principles of perioperative managing such patients by a multidisciplinary team, necessarily including a cardiologist, are systematized and set out in international clinical guidelines, which are regularly updated. Currently, the Russian Society of Cardiology guidelines on management of valvular heart diseases are being prepared for publication. However, specifics of assessment and management of patients when planning noncardiac surgery require more detailed presentation for a cardiology practitioner.
Cardiac tumors: analysis of surgical treatment
Authors: Sakovich V. A. , Drobot D. B. , Chernova A. A. , Gorbunov D. N. , Buyankov D. I. , Gross Yu. V. , Verkhoturov M. K. , Stavtseva M. A.
Published: September 2021

Aim. To analyze the preoperative status, intraoperative tumor characteristics and further clinical manifestations in patients after surgery for a cardiac tumor.

Material and methods. The study included 54 patients who were operated on for a heart tumor from 2014 to 2020. We assessed clinical performance, diagnostic investigations before and after (during hospitalization) surgery, tumor size and histological characteristics.

Results. Among patients operated on for cardiac tumors, women predominated (74%). Among comorbidities, hypertension (79,3%), chronic kidney disease (48,3%), and obesity (25,9%) were most common. There were following clinical manifestations before surgery: shortness of breath — 47 (81%) patients, palpitations and heart rhythm disturbance — 26 (44,8%), chest pain — 25 (43,1%), chest discomfort — 28 (49,1%), edema — 6 patients (10,3%). The predominant tumor localization was the left atrial fossa ovalis area (50%). According to histological analysis, myxoma prevailed — 38 cases (86,4%). After surgery, atrial fibrillation prevalence decreased from 8 patients before surgery to 6 after surgery (p=0,034), while left atrial size decreased by 0,6 mm (95% confidence interval, 4,39-6,2 mm) (p<0,001).

Conclusion. According to presented analysis over a 6-year period, cardiac neoplasms are more common in women (74,1%), while the mean age of patients is 59,7 years. Among comorbidities, hypertension prevails — 79,3%. Histological examination revealed a predominance of myxoma (86,4%). Predominant tumor location was the left atrial fossa ovalis area (50%). Surgical treatment of neoplasms was effective. So, prevalence of atrial fibrillation decreased by 25%, while left atrial size decreased by 0,6 mm. Postoperative complications and in-hospital deaths were not registered.