bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Unilateral modified radical mastectomy with thoracic epidural anesthesia and serratus anterior plane block under dexmedetomidine sedation in a patient with multiple comorbidities: a case report
Authors: Haras Gamze , Çekmen Nedim , Araz Coşkun , Gökdemir Begüm N.
Published: September 2024

Anesthesia management in patients with multiple comorbidities is extremely challenging for the anesthesiologist. We aimed to present anesthesia management with dexmedetomidine sedation accompanied by thoracic epidural anesthesia and serratus anterior plane block in a 59-year-old high-risk patient with multiple comorbidities who was planned for modified radical mastectomy. We suggest that serratus anterior plane block can be used combined with thoracic epidural anesthesia as an effective, safe, and feasible method for hemodynamic stability in intraoperative and postoperative pain control in patients undergoing modified radical mastectomy surgery and in reducing the need for postoperative analgesic use and postoperative complications.
Degenerate fourfold Massey products over arbitrary fields
Authors: Merkurjev Alexander , Scavia Federico
Published: September 2024

We prove that, for all fields

F

of characteristic different from 2 and all

a,b,c\in F^{\times}

, the mod 2 Massey product

\langle a,b,c,a\rangle

vanishes as soon as it is defined. For every field

F_{0}

, we construct a field

F

containing

F_{0}

and

a,b,c,d\in F^{\times}

such that

\langle a,b,c\rangle

and

\langle b,c,d\rangle

vanish but

\langle a,b,c,d\rangle

is not defined. As a consequence, we answer a question of Positselski by constructing the first examples of fields containing all roots of unity and such that the mod 2 cochain differential graded algebra of the absolute Galois group is not formal.
Stem cell transplantation in cerebrovascular accidents: A global bibliometric analysis (2000-2023)
Authors: Masri Jad El , Afyouni Ahmad , Ghazi Maya , Hamideh Karim , Moubayed Israe , Jurjus Abdo , Haidar Hanine , Petrosyan Ruzanna , Salameh Pascale , Hosseini Hassan
Published: September 2024

BACKGROUND

Cerebrovascular accident (CVA) is a major global contributor to death and disability. As part of its medical management, researchers have recognized the importance of promising neuroprotective strategies, where stem cell transplantation (SCT) is thought to confer advantages via trophic and neuroprotective effects.

AIM

To evaluate the current state of research on SCT in patients with CVA, assess key trends and highlight literature gaps.

METHODS

PubMed was screened for SCT in CVA-related articles in October 2023, for each country during the period between 2000 and 2023. Using the World Bank data, total population and gross domestic product were collected for comparison. VOSviewer_1.6.19 was used to create the VOS figure using the results of the same query. Graphs and tables were obtained using Microsoft Office Excel.

RESULTS

A total of 6923 studies were identified on SCT in CVA, making 0.03% of all published studies worldwide. Approximately, 68% were conducted in high-income countries, with a significant focus on mesenchymal stem cells. The journal “Stroke ” featured the largest share of these articles, with mesenchymal SCT having the highest rate of inclusion, followed by hematopoietic SCT. Over time, there has been a noticeable shift from in vitro studies, which assess stem cell proliferation and neurogenesis, to in vivo studies aimed at evaluating efficacy and safety. Additionally, the number of reviews increased along this approach.

CONCLUSION

This bibliometric analysis provides a comprehensive guide for physicians and researchers in the field through an objective overview of research activity, and highlights both current trends and gaps. Having a potential therapeutic role in CVA, more research is needed in the future to focus on different aspects of SCT, aiming to reach a better treatment strategy and improve life quality in patients.
Design, synthesis, characterization, DFT, molecular docking, and in vitro screening of metal chelates incorporating Schiff base
Authors: A. Mustafa Nuha. , Ali Ahmed Sahbaa
Published: September 2024

Hydrazones, with an azomethine -NHN=CH group, are extensively researched due to their easy preparation and numerous pharmaceutical benefits. A hydrazone derivative was formed by combining N,N-dimethyl amino benzaldehyde (1) and hydrazine hydrate (2), producing-4-(methanehydrazonoyl)-N,N-dimethylaniline (3). The final product (H1L) ligand was produced by reacting with ethyl acetate. The new complexes were formed by reacting Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), and Zn(II) with the ligand in a 1M:2L molar ratio.  Complexes were synthesized with high yields. Metal chelate structures were identified through elemental analyses, FT-IR, magnetic moment, XRD, and molar conductivity tests. According to FT-IR findings, the Schiff base ligand displayed neutral bidentate properties by binding with metal ions via the azomethine N and carbonyl O. Magnetic moment research indicated an octahedral structure and high electrolytic properties, with the exception of Co(II) and Zn(II) complexes, which were observed to be non-electrolytes. Theoretical calculations were performed using DFT. The synthesized complexes were tested for antibacterial activity against two types of Gram-positive bacteria: S. aureus and B. subtilis. Molecular docking analysis revealed information about the ligand's binding energy and interaction with the S. aureus receptor.
KEY WORDS: Hydrazinylidene, DFT, Antibacterial activity, Molecular docking
Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2024, 38(6), 1625-1638.                                                         
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v38i6.10
Structural and antimicrobial properties of 3-[-2-(1,5-dimethy 3-oxo-2-phenyl-2,3- dihydro-1H-pyrazol-4-yl) hydrazilidine]-1,3-diphenylpropane-1,3-dione and its Co(II), Fe(III), Cu(II) and Ni(II) complexes
Authors: J. Agbo N. , O. Ukoha P.
Published: September 2024

This work aims at synthesizing new hydrazone molecules with enhanced antibacterial capabilities. Diazotized 4-aminoantipyrine and 1,3-diphenyl-1,3-dione were coupled at around 5 oC to yield 3-[-2-(I,5-dimethy-3-oxo-2-phenyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrazol-4-yl) hydrazilidine]1,3-dione-1,3-diphenylpropane (HPDP). Its Co(II), Fe(III), Cu(II), and Ni(II) complexes were formed by refluxing stoichiometric amounts of chloride salts in separately with HPDP for 6 hours at 60 oC. HPDP and its complexes were characterized by means of spectroscopic techniques, conductivity, micro elemental analysis and melting point. Only HPDP X-ray diffraction spectral was obtained. The in-vitro antibacterial tests of compounds were done on Bacillus subtilis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli (Eco 6 and Eco 13), Staphylococcus aureus, Protus, Staphylococcus intermedius (G101), Klebsiella pneumoniae and Salmonella Typhi. Spectroscopic studies show that HPDP is terdentately coordinated to the metal ion to form octahedral complexes with the acetyl, hydrazinyl nitrogen, and pyrazolone ring carbonyl groups. HPDP crystallized as monochronic with space group PbCa and unit dimensions a = 9.5528(8) Å, α = 90o; b = 19.6260(16) Å, b = 101.426(6)o; c = 12.058(10) Å, g  = 90o for z = 4.  Antimicrobial evaluations show that HPDP and [Ni(PDP)2] exhibited antibacterial activity against Salmonella. Typhi and Staphylococcus aureus up to the least concentration (0.31 μg/cm3), suggesting their potential for application as antibacterial drugs.
KEY WORDS: Selenium, Amino acids, Vitamin B3, Mixed ligand, Complexes, Antioxidant
Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2024, 38(6), 1691-1702.                                                       
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v38i6.15
Synthesis, spectroscopic characterization and antimicrobial evaluation of metal complexes with N-(2-aminophenyl)-4-(pentyloxy) benzamide compound ligand
Authors: M. Faheem Shaimaa , A. Masoud Awatef , S. El-Tabl Abdou , H.  Gendia Marwa , M. Younes Sara
Published: September 2024

New metal complexes of Mn(II), Cu(II), Ni(II), Cd(II) and Zn(II) of (N-(2-aminophenyl)-4-(pentyloxy) benzamide were prepared and characterized, discovering new compounds with therapeutic value against microbial ligand and it's complexes were characterized using various analytical techniques. The electron spin resonance spectra of complex (4), [(L)(Cu)(OAc)2(H2O)2].2H2O, complex (5), [(L)(Cu)(Br)2(H2O)2].2H2O showed axial octahedral structure however complex (10) [(L)(Cu)(SO4)(H2O)3].3H2O showed compressed tetragonal geometry and complex (9) [(L)(Mn)(Cl)2(H2O)2].H2O showed isotropic type  the electronic spectra of copper(II) complexes (4), (5), (7) and (10) nearly showing bands at (240-270) nm, (300-380) nm, (420-573) nm and (610-770) nm ranges. For metal complexes, Mn(II) complex (2) is most sensitive complex against Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas Aeruginosa, with 21, 25, 21, 22 mm, respectively inhibition zone whereas, Zn(II) complex (10) recorded the highest antimicrobial activity against Streptococcus aureus, The orders of the antimicrobial activity were Bacillus   subtilis: Standard drug ˃ Mn(II) complex (2) ˃ Zn (II) complex (11) ˃ Cd(II) complex (6) ˃ Cu(II) complex (5, 7) ˃ Cu(II) complex (4) ˃ Cu(II) complex (10) ˃ The ligand [L] (1) where the standard drugs were kanamycin (positive controls) and ampicillin (negative control).
KEY WORDS: Metals complexes, Spectra, Magnetism, Antibacterial activity, Ampicillin
Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2024, 38(6), 1725-1742.                                                          
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v38i6.18
Levels of heavy metals and physicochemical properties of honey from four selected areas of Ethiopia
Authors: Gashaw Workineh , Yohannes Weldegebriel , Singh Chandravanshi Bhagwan , Getachew Negash
Published: September 2024

In this work, the qualities of honey samples were evaluated by assessment of some physicochemical parameters and levels of heavy metals (Cd, Pb, Cr, Ni, Zn and Cu). The honey samples were collected from the major producing regions of Ethiopia; Gojjam, Gondar, Jimma and Tigray. The pH and electrical conductivity (EC) of the samples were determined using digital pH-meter and conductivity meter, respectively. The metal contents were determined by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS). The validity of the method employed was evaluated by spiking experiments with recoveries ranging from 90.0 to 95.8%. The FAAS results show higher concentration of Cu and Zn compared to other metals. The amount of Cu and Zn were in the range 6.2–18 μg/g and 4.2–10 μg/g. The heavy metals (Cd, Pb, Cr and Ni) were below detection limit in all the honey samples. Moreover, the result obtained regarding the physicochemical properties showed that the pH of all the honey samples were acidic (pH of 3.84–4.00), the EC 0.09–0.34 mScm-1 and the ash content 0.13–0.33%. The results obtained were in agreement with European standard and Codex Alimentarius, indicating the honey samples studied are of good quality and suitable for human consumption.
KEY WORDS: Honey, Heavy metals, Physicochemical properties, FAAS, Ethiopia
Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2024, 38(6), 1521-1531.                                                           
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v38i6.2
Effect of HVOF parameter on titanium oxide (TiO2) coating characteristics on AZ81 magnesium alloy
Authors: Marimuthu Muthuraj , Thirumurugan Rama , Mohankumar Ashokkumar , Mariappan Mathanbabu
Published: September 2024

High-velocity oxy-fuel (HVOF) coating to enhance the erosion, wear, and corrosion-resistant properties crucial for orthopedic applications. HVOF is distinguished for its capability to provide surfaces with a dense and superior finish. Porosity and hardness serve as vital process variables in assessing performance. This current study aims to optimize HVOF process parameters to minimize porosity values in titanium oxide (TiO2) coatings applied on AZ81 magnesium substrate. Oxygen flow, liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) flow, coating material feed rate, and spray distance were selected due to their significant impact on the coating quality. Statistical techniques such as response surface methodology (RSM), analysis of variations, and design of experiments (DoE) were employed to obtain the necessary results. The findings indicate that LPG flow has the most significant influence on coating quality, followed by standoff distance, oxygen flow rate, and feed rate. The coating obtained using optimal spray parameters exhibits a lower surface porosity of 0.86 vol.% and achieves a greater hardness of 922 HV. This has been confirmed through validation via the response graph. Consequently, the optimized parameters for TiO2 deposit entail an oxygen flow rate of 266 lpm, an LPG flow rate of 68 lpm, a powder feed rate of 35 g/min, and a spray distance of 236 mm.
KEY WORDS: High-velocity oxy-fuel, Response surface methodology, Porosity, Hardness, AZ81 Magnesium alloy, Titanium oxide
Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2024, 38(6), 1869-1886.                                                           
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v38i6.28
Analyzing cyclobutane: A vibrational hamiltonian approach using dynamical U(2) Lie Algebras
Authors: Jaliparthi Vijayasekhar Jaliparthi
Published: September 2024

This study uses a one-dimensional Lie algebraic framework, precisely adapted to the symmetry of molecules, to investigate the vibrational frequencies of cyclobutane. A vibrational Hamiltonian is also constructed using one-dimensional Morse oscillators, preserving the D2d point group symmetry for each molecule. The analysis compares the calculated fundamental vibrational frequencies with the observed experimental frequencies, resulting in a root mean square deviation of 0.886 cm-1. The result highlights the exceptional precision of the U(2) Lie algebraic Hamiltonian in accurately predicting the vibrational frequencies and their combination bands at the sub-cm-1 level of precision. Specifically, this computational approach has the potential to achieve these results with lower computational costs compared to traditional theoretical approaches. The broader implications of our study suggest that the U(2) Lie algebraic framework can be effectively applied to a wide range of molecular systems, offering significant advantages in fields such as material science, drug design, and environmental monitoring by providing precise and efficient vibrational spectral analyses.
KEY WORDS: Vibrational Hamiltonian, Vibrational frequencies, Morse oscillator, Cyclobutane, Lie algebraic method
Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2024, 38(6), 1887-1896.                                                    
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v38i6.29
Development and validation of RP-HPLC-PDA method for identification and quantification of major active constituent in Cynodon dactylon (L.) pers.
Authors: Lakshmipathy R. , Haridass D. , L. Balaji G. , Ali Daoud , Alarifi Saud
Published: September 2024

In this research, two primary bioactive components were isolated from Cynodon dactylon (L) Pers, commonly known as Durva grass. A gradient reverse phase High performance liquid chromatography coupled to Photodiode array detector (RP-HPLC-PDA) technique was established to identify and quantify these major bioactive constituents in 70% hydroalcoholic extracts of Cynodon dactylon (L) Pers. The chromatographic separation was achieved using an RP-C18 column (250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 µm), Alliance (Waters) Empower3 liquid chromatography system, and a gradient mobile phase consisting of 5% acetic acid and acetonitrile. The flow rate was set at 1.2 mL/min, and a PDA detector at 320 nm was employed to analyze column effluents, targeting the active compounds' isotactic point. The retention times for the compounds p-coumeric and ferulic acid were determined as 24.11 and 31.52 min. The method exhibited linearity within the concentration range of 2–10 µg/mL, with regression coefficients of 0.998 and 0.9967 for the respective compounds. The mean recovery of p-coumeric and ferulic acid were found to between 102.64 and 109.44%. The RP-HPLC method was validated in accordance with ICH guidelines.
KEY WORDS: 4-Hydroxycinnamic acid, Durva grass, Bioactive, Liquid-liquid extraction, RP-HPLC
Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2024, 38(6), 1533-1542.                                                       
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v38i6.3
Synthesis, characterization and bioactive evaluation of cobalt(II) and copper(II) complexes of {4-[5-(5-sulfanylidene-2,5-dihydro-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl) furan-2-yl] phenyl} acetic acid
Authors: Meteab Khamees Nidhal , Jalil Ahmed Yusra , Al-Bayati Sinan , Alazawi Sarab , Rasheed Anaam
Published: September 2024

A new triazole derivative was synthesized by three steps. The first step involve adding 2-carboxyaledhyed furan to the 4-amino phenyl acetic acid after converting the substituted aromatic amine to the diazanium salt. In the first stage, [4-(5-formylfuran-2-yl) phenyl] acetic acid is the title of product. The second step is adding the thiosemicarbazide to the [4-(5-formylfuran-2-yl) phenyl] acetic acid which it gives the (4-{5-[(2-carbamothioylhydrazinylidene) methyl] furan-2-yl} phenyl) acetic acid. A final compound with the title {4-[5-(15-sulfanylidene-2,5-dihydro-1H-1,32,4-triazol-3-yl) furan-22-yl] phenyl} acetic acid was produced as a result of adding sodium acetate and chloro ethyl acetate to the product from the second step in the presence of triethyl amine which is used as a ligand to prepare cobalt(II) and copper(II) complexes. The structures of synthesized compounds were identified through the utilization of diverse measures, these measurements were (UV-Vis spectrum, LC-MS technique, FT-IR spectrophotometer, conductivity measurements, GC-mass spectra and atomic absorption) and melting point measurement. The results confirmed that the complexes have octahedral geometry. The biological activity data for the synthesized compounds revealed that the ligand and its complexes had antibacterial activity.
KEY WORDS: Synthesis, Triazole derivatives, Cobalt(II) complex, Copper(II) complex, Biological evaluation
Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2024, 38(6), 1595-1607.                                                      
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v38i6.8
Design, characterizations, DFT, molecular docking and antibacterial studies of some complexes derived from 4-aminpantipyrine with glycine amino acid and ligand
Authors: Abdul-Khaleq Mohammed Baraa , Ali Ahmed Sahbaa , Al-Healy Fanar
Published: September 2024

The synthesis of the heterocyclic ligand (LK) involved the combination of 4-amino antipyrine, 4-nitroacetophenone, and glycine. A new series of transition metal complexes of Ni(II), Co(II), Cu(II), and Zn(II) have been synthesized from the Schiff base (LK). It was characterized by micro elemental analysis, FT-IR, UV-Vis, and 1H-NMR spectroscopy. The prepared complexes were characterized using (CHN) analysis, flame atomic absorption, as well as conductivity measurements and magnetic susceptibility. From the obtained data, the octahedral structure was suggested for all complexes. The ligand showed tridentate nature by binding to metal ions through the N atom of antipyrine and the N,O atom of glycine. The exhibited excellent electrolytic properties, except for the Cu(II) and Zn(II) complex which exhibited non-electrolytic behavior. Theoretical calculations with DFT were conducted for all complexes. The antibacterial activity of the ligand and its complexes against (S. aureus, B. subtilis) was evaluated through the disc diffusion method. Additionally, molecular docking analysis was conducted to gain more insights into the ligand's binding energy and interaction with the S. aureus receptor.
KEY WORDS: 4-Amino antipyrine, Heterocyclic ligand, Glycine, Molecular docking
Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2024, 38(6), 1609-1624.                                                       
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v38i6.9
Comprehensive Review of Recent Advances in Nanoparticle-Based Corrosion Inhibition Approaches
Authors: Etsuyankpa M. B. , Hassan I. , Musa S. T. , Mathew J. T. , Shaba E. Y. , Andrew A. , Muhammad A. I. , Muhammad K. T. , Jibrin N. A. , Abubakar M. K. , Maurice J. , Hussaini J. , Mamman A.
Published: September 2024

Corrosion of metals is a persistent challenge in various industries, leading to significant economic losses and safety hazards. Conventional corrosion inhibitors often face limitations such as environmental toxicity, low efficiency, and short-term protection. Nanoparticle-based corrosion inhibitors have emerged as a promising alternative due to their unique properties and versatile applications. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the recent advances in nanoparticle-based corrosion inhibition strategies from 2015-2024 by harvesting data from secondary sources. The fundamental mechanisms underlying the corrosion inhibition by nanoparticles are discussed, including adsorption processes, passivation mechanisms, and synergistic effects with other inhibitors. Various types of nanoparticles, including metallic nanoparticles, metal oxide nanoparticles, polymer nanocomposites, carbon-based nanoparticles, and organic-inorganic hybrid nanoparticles, are explored for their corrosion inhibition potential. Furthermore, the applications of nanoparticle-based corrosion inhibitors in industries such as oil and gas, aerospace, automotive, marine, and infrastructure are highlighted. Despite significant progress, challenges such as stability, compatibility, and environmental concerns remain to be addressed. Future directions in nanoparticle-based corrosion inhibition research are also discussed, aiming to guide further developments in this promising field.
Profitability Level of Fish Farming In Ife-Ijesa Agricultural Development Programme, Osun State, Nigeria
Authors: Bamigboye O. A. , Akanni F. O. , Oripelaye O. S. , Osazuwa D. K. , Bamgboye A. M. , Fadoyin A. S. , Agboje I. , Bakpolor V. R. , Lawal M. O. , Haastrup N. O. , Adeleye O. A.
Published: September 2024

The objective of this paper is to estimate the profitability level of fish farmers in Ife-ijesa zone of Osun State Agricultural Development Programme (OSADEP), Nigeria using standard procedures of structured questionnaires administered to 100 respondents that were randomly selected. The study revealed that fish farming in the Area was male dominated with 89%. For the respondents using earthen 41.3% were range between50-60% and 31.6% of the respondents using concrete were within the range of 50-60years. 70.3% of the respondents using concrete were married and 56.6% of the respondents using earthen were married. 40.5% of the respondents using concrete had tertiary education and 45.2% of the respondents using earthen had tertiary education. 95.7% of the respondents using earthen operate by self-savings and 98.1% of the respondents using concrete also operate by self-saving and the average pond size used was 0.5 hectares. Findings also showed that the estimated average fixed cost and variable cost incurred for all fish farmers were N109.296.43 for the respondents using concrete and N173,473.38 for the respondents using earthen, while gross margin and average farm profit were N108, 718,43 for the respondents using concrete and N172,734.88 for the respondents using earthen per annum respectively.
Characterization and Adsorption Capacity Evaluation of ZnCl2 Impregnated Cassava Peel Carbon for Removal of Fe, Ca, Mg and Zn ions in Wastewater from Cassava processing Industry
Authors: Omotosho O. A.
Published: September 2024

The objective of this paper was to prepare, characterize and evaluate the adsorption capacity of cassava peel carbon (CPC) impregnation with ZnCl2 salt for the removal of Fe, Ca, Mg and Zn ions in wastewater derived from cassava processing which has been noted to be problematic in terms of management. CPC and cassava peel activated carbon (CPAC) at 1:3, 2:3, and 1:1 impregnation levels were placed in fixed bed adsorption columns to determine metal ion adsorption capacities of the carbon materials after 120, 240, 360 and 480-minute contact times.  Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models were used in assessment of adsorption of the carbon materials, while pseudo-first and second order models were used to validate the adsorption kinetics of Fe, Ca, Mg and Zn. Pore space development was also monitored using scanning electron microscope (SEM) imagery. Results SEM images revealed hexagonal honeycomb surface structure at 2:3 impregnation level and spongy configuration at 1:1 ZnCl2 impregnation level. The correlation coefficient of Langmuir isotherm was observed to be between 0.86 to 1, indicating that the adsorbent is very good in adsorption of the metals, however, Freundlich isotherm is found to be unfavorable in describing CPAC’s capacity in adsorbing zinc ion contaminant. The pH of the carbon materials was observed to have increased while the bulk density reduced with increasing level of impregnation. Conclusively, CPC and CPAC materials are well suited to Langmuir isotherm as well as pseudo-second order model, implying that adsorption occurs well in a monolayer form on the surface material surface.
Effect of Nitrogen-15, Phosphorus-15, and Potassium-15 Fertilizer on Indigenous Microorganisms Involved in Biodegradation of Crude Oil Contaminated Soil Collected from Shawguwolo Jeddo Metropolis, Okpe L.G.A, Delta State, Nigeria
Authors: Okonkwo H. , Nwaezeapu A. , Erhuen E. , Bukar S. , Sumbiri W.
Published: September 2024

The increasing occurrence of oil pollution presents a significant environmental challenge, necessitating effective remediation strategies. Hence, the objective of this paper was to evaluate the effect of Nitrogen-15, Phosphorus-15, and Potassium-15 fertilizer on indigenous microorganisms involved in biodegradation of crude oil contaminated soil collected from Shawguwolo Jeddo Metropolis, Okpe L. G. A, Delta State, Nigeria using appropriate standard methods. It was observed that the hydrocarbon reduced from 5315.80 to 2276.57 within four weeks. The highest rate was observed in sample C, which showed a 95.7% reduction in the hydrocarbon contamination. Sample C also showed a 34% increase in the hydrocarbon utilizing bacteria present in the soil. Bioremediation leverages microbial activity to degrade pollutants, offering a cost-effective approach compared to other technologies, as it speeds up the process of degrading hydrocarbon by increasing the growth rate of hydrocarbon utilizing bacteria.
Composition and Characteristics of Faecal Sludge from Various Onsite Pit Technologies and User Categories in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
Authors: Ruhinda E. F. , Mgana S. M. , Mbuligwe S. E. , Mahenge A.
Published: September 2024

This study investigates the composition and characteristics of faecal sludge (FS) from different pit technologies (cesspits, pit latrines, septic tanks) and user categories (commercial, industrial, institutional, and residential) in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, with a view for informed treatment and resource recovery strategies. FS samples exhibited varying concentrations of pH, electrical conductivity (EC), total solids (TS), and volatile solids (VS), COD and nutrients. pH values ranged from 2.83 to 8.41, with no statistically significant differences based on pit technology type or user category. However, the extremely low pH observed in samples from industrial pits suggests possible disposal of industrial chemicals in these sanitation systems. EC levels were notably higher in pit latrines and residential areas, likely due to waste disposal practices in homes, with concentrations 3-5 times above regulatory limits, raising concerns about their impact on treatment effectiveness and re-use potential. TS and VS concentrations also varied, with cesspits showing the highest TS levels and pit latrines exhibiting higher VS, indicating fresher sludge and potential for biogas production, as reflected by a VS/TS ratio ranging from 53.32% to 70.42%. Nutrient analysis revealed elevated levels of phosphate, nitrate and ammonia, particularly in pit latrines and residential pits, highlighting both resource recovery opportunities and challenges for treatment processes. While FS generally fell into the dilute category (TS < 3%), the high concentrations of other parameters underscore the need for a larger treatment footprint per unit volume of FS. The VS/TS ratio suggests that FS is not fully stabilized, indicating potential for further degradation and resource recovery. Additionally, the characteristics of FS suggest potential opportunities for deriving fertilizer and solid fuel. However, ensuring the hygiene of the sludge is crucial for its safe use, particularly in agricultural applications, and further studies are needed to confirm its sanitation.
Effects of Four Crude Oil Degrading Bacteria Strains on the Physicochemical Parameters of Water from River Erhioke, in Kokori, Delta State, Nigeria
Authors: Abe A. S. , Adegunloye D. V. , Olalemi A. O. , Olukunle O. F.
Published: September 2024

This study investigated the effect of four crude oil degrading bacteria strains (Pseudomonas putidastrainAY001, Alcaligenes aquatilis B61, Winkia neuii B12 and Enterococcus casseliflavus AAOO-1) on the physicochemical parameters of water from River Erhoike, in Kokori, Delta State, Nigeria using appropriate standard methods. Results obtained show that The pH ranged between 6.3 and 7.3, the dissolved oxygen ranged between 5.80±0.10 and 10.00±0.20, the highest total petroleum hydrocarbon degradation rate was 70% and results showed that .Pseudomonas putida strainAY001 which had 70% crude oil degradation rate ranked the best among others, making it good indigenous bacteria with a great potential to perform bioremediation of hydrocarbon polluted environment
Assessment of Nutraceuticals Potentials of Protein Isolates from Seed Coat of Four Melon Species
Authors: Odekanyin O. O. , Oriyomi V. O. , Adegboyega J. O. , Akinrinade S. S. , Balogun A.
Published: September 2024

Recently, there has been more attention on the bioactivity of phytochemicals and other metabolites in agro-food by-products for the management of oxidative stress–related conditions. Hence, the objective of this paper is to assess the nutraceuticals potential by investigating antioxidant and α-amylase inhibitory potentials of seed coat protein isolates from four melon species namely: Citrullus colocynthis, Citrullus mucosospermus, Cucumeropsis mannii and Lagenaria siceraria using appropriate standard methods. At highest concentration, Lagenaria siceraria had the strongest free radical scavenging activity (38% inhibition). The strongest chelating effect was exhibited by C. mannii (IC50 = 0.59 ± 0.08 mg/ml), which also showed highest ferric reducing potential at all concentrations.  At 0.05 mg/ml, C. colocynthis, C. mucosospermus, C. mannii, and L. siceraria seed coat protein extracts inhibited alpha-amylase activity by 43.2%, 16.76%, 2.6% and 22.3%, respectively, and inhibition of 60.9%, 28.6%, 38.3% and 29.5% were recorded for the seed protein extracts respectively, at 0.5 mg/ml. In conclusion, the various melon seed coat protein isolates showed appreciable levels of antioxidants and possessed inhibitory activity against α-amylase. Hence, the seed coats of the four melon varieties assessed in this study are promising potential sources of antioxidants for the supplementary treatment of oxidative stress–induced conditions.
Assessment of Biochemical Potential of Rhizopus oligosporus as Starter Culture to Enhance the Nutritional Value of Palm Kernel Cake for Animal Feed Formulation
Authors: Ughe F. O. , Egbune E. O. , Anigboro A. A. , Tonukari N. J.
Published: September 2024

The objective of this study was to assess the biochemical potential of Rhizopus oligosporus as a starter culture to enhance the nutritional value of palm kernel cake (PKC) for animal feed formulation using appropriate standard methods. Among the experimental groups, the batch of birds fed with solid-state fermented PKC as a 50% maize replacement showed a noteworthy weight gain (p < 0.05) in relation to the control group, while the other experimental groups exhibited a weight loss. Serum levels of ALT, AST, ALP, creatinine, and blood urea did not show a notable difference from the reference group and those on the experimental diets. These findings collectively suggest that the pre-treatment of PKC using R. oligosporus holds the potential to elevate its nutritional quality for utilization in animal feed applications.
Hepatoprotective Effect of Corn Silk Extract on Carbonated Alcoholic Herbal Beverages Induced Hepatoxicity in Adult Wistar Rats
Authors: Onyeije B. P. , Innih S. O. , Abudu I. E. , Leslie O.
Published: September 2024

Corn silk is the long shiny fibers at the top of an ordinary ear of corn (Zea mays). Corn silk contains phytochemicals of medical benefit such as flavonoids compounds which act as antioxidant agents and has been widely reported possess hepatoprotective effect.  The objective of this paper is to evaluate the hepatoprotective effect of corn silk extract on carbonated alcoholic herbal beverages (CAHB) induced hepatoxicity in adult Wistar rats.  A total of forty five adult Wistar rats weighing between 200g and 250g were randomly assigned into nine groups of five rats each in a group. Group A was the normal control group (no CAHB administration). Groups B, C, D, E, F, G, H and I were the CAHB intoxicated groups and treated with corn silk extract at different doses.  After administering a carbonated alcoholic herbal beverage, there was a substantial increase (p≤0.05) in the mean concentration of liver enzymes (ALP, ALT, ALT), total bilirubin, and direct bilirubin. While those characteristics reversed to values similar to the control after being treated with varying doses of corn silk extract  The oxidative stress parameter (SOD, GPX, Catalase, MDA) shown significant increase in group. Histological examination of the liver revealed infiltrate of inflammatory cells, vascular ulceration, periportal infiltration of inflammatory cell, and vascular congestion in a group treated with carbonated alcoholic herbal beverages (CAHB). The only group exhibiting normal hepatocyte morphology and kupffer cell activity was the one administered 200 mg/kg of maize silk extract. Group D showed a similar and more powerful hepatic architecture after receiving only 600 mg/kg of maize silk extract. The hepatoprotective and anti- oxidative effects of corn silk extract were confirmed by the treatment groups (200 mg/kg and 600 mg/kg), which displayed normal hepatocytes with minor vascular congestion, respectively.  Corn silk administration lowers a number of the harmful effects of in vivo carbonated alcoholic herbal beverage administration in the liver of Wister rats, according to the findings in this study.
Retrospective analysis of prescribing pattern at Bayero University, Kano, old campus clinic
Authors: Borodo Safiya Bala , Ibrahim Kabir Bichi , Julde Sa'adatu Muhammad , Wada Abubakar Sadiq , Bashir Asma'u Ismai'l-Junaidu , Ibrahim Umar Idris
Published: September 2024

Drugs are substances used to treat or manage certain health problems. There is no health care system without drugs. The rational use of drugs is a worldwide concern. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the prescription pattern for outpatients in Bayero University, Kano (BUK) old campus clinic. This is a retrospective study conducted using 600 prescriptions at outpatient unit in BUK old campus clinics between January 2021 and December 2021. The data was collected using data collection form, which consists of two sections, namely, demography of the patient and prescription information. The average number of drugs per encounter was 3.26. Antibiotic prescription was high (48.8%) while the drugs prescribed by generic name were 61.8% which is low compared to the WHO standard. Injection was prescribed in 25.8% of prescription encounters. In addition, 80.8% and 40.5% of the prescriptions hadanalgesic and antimalaria drugs respectively. Amoxicillin and paracetamol were the most prescribed antibiotic and analgesic respectively. There was inconsistency between the prescription pattern at BUK and the WHO guidelines as the values deviate from WHO references values.
Incidence of malaria infection and adherence to antimalarial treatment guidelines at Bingham University Teaching Hospital, Jos, Nigeria
Authors: Chris-Otubor Grace Ovayoza , Ehinmidu Joseph O. , Ogaji Ikoni Joshua
Published: September 2024

The development of antimalarial resistance has been a foremost barrier to malaria control. The aim of this study was to investigate the incidence of malaria infection and adherence to Antimalarial Treatment Guidelines (ATG) at Bingham University Teaching Hospital (BhUTH), Jos, Nigeria. A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out to assess malaria infection diagnosis, antimalarials prescription pattern and adherence to the ATG by physicians over a two-year period. The study extracted data from 570 prescriptions of different patients and 227 patient files. The demographics of the patients was also obtained. Analyses were carried out using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). The study revealed that of the 227 patients treated for malaria, 65 % (n=148) underwent laboratory investigations before treatment while 35 % (n=79) were treated empirically. Artemether-Lumefantrine was the most prescribed antimalarial for treatment of uncomplicated malaria while parenteral Arteether andSulfadoxine/Pyrimethamine (SP) was the mainstay for treating severe malaria. This study also revealed that physicians placed patients on antimalarials without confirmatory test indicating poor adherence to the ATG. Adherence to ATG has the potential to limit resistance to antimalarial drugs and should therefore be discouraged.
Efficacy of methanol extracts of Lawsonia inermis L. and Cymbopogon citratus Stapf. against fungal isolates from poultry farms in Anambra State, Nigeria
Authors: Ekwealor Chito Clare , Mba Anthonia Nkiruka , Anakwenze Vivian Nonyelum , Anaukwu Chikaodili Gladys , Ekwealor Ikechukwu Amechi
Published: September 2024

Fungal diseases in poultry constitute a challenge to poultry productivity and public health risk to poultry workers. The aim of this research was to evaluate the efficacy of Lawsonia inermis L. and Cymbopogon citratus Stapf. leaves against fungal isolates from poultry farms. Susceptibility of fifteen species of fungi to methanol extracts of the plants leaves were assessed using disc diffusion method. Discs impregnated with different concentrations of these extracts were placed on Sabouraud Dextrose Agar plates inoculated with the test organisms. Discs with 2% DMSO and 1.25 mg/ml Nystatin served as negative and positive controls. The plates were incubated at 25°C for 48 hours and diameter of zone of inhibition measured in millimeters. Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Fungicidal Concentration (MFC) were determined using broth dilution method. Ten moulds (66.7%) were susceptible to methanolextract of L. inermis while eight (53.3%) were inhibited by C. citratus. MIC and MFC of the extracts were recorded at ≥12.5 mg/ml and ≥50 mg/ml respectively. The leaves exhibited fungicidal activities against most tested moulds and could be explored as alternative and safer sources of new antifungal drugs.
Phytochemical, antioxidant and antibacterial studies of extracts and chromatographic fractions of Gmelina arborea Roxb (Lamiaceae)
Authors: Idowu Philip Adegboyega , Ashiru Abdulazeez Opeyemi , Idowu Deborah Olanrewaju , Olaiya Charles Ojo , Karigidi Kayode
Published: September 2024

Antimicrobial resistance and oxidative stress are increasing and researchers are being encouraged to search the natural plant products, due to their popular usage in ethno-medicine, for alternative source of antimicrobial and antioxidant compounds. Gmelina arborea used in West-Africa and Ayurveda folkloric medicine to cure several diseases was therefore investigated for phytochemical, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. Extracts and chromatographic fractions of the root-bark tested for antibacterial activity with the MIC determined on seven selected bacteria using agar dilution method. The antioxidant capacity of the crude extracts was determined by six (6) methods: total flavonoid content, total phenolic content, ferric reducing power, total antioxidant capacity, Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity and DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picryhydrazyl) properties. Phytochemical screening indicated the presence of saponins, tannins, flavonoids, terpenoids anthraquinones, phenols and alkaloids. The methanol and ethyl-acetate extracts of the plant showed good antibacterial activities (18 mm inhibitory zones and MIC and MBC 12.5–100 mg/mL) against P. aeruginosa ATCC 27853 and S. aureus ATCC 6571. Antioxidant study of the extracts revealed that both ethyl acetate and methanol extracts have good antioxidant capacity comparable to that of ascorbic acid standard. Therefore, Gmelina arborea could prove a valuable source of developing new antimicrobial and antioxidant compounds for therapeutic uses.
Climate change and vulnerable groups in Zimbabwe: Implications for social work practice
Authors: Charamba Sunungurayi , Mushunje Mildred , Mwapaura Kudzai , Simango Tapiwanashe G. , Risinamhodzi Netsai
Published: September 2024

Social work is a practical profession that aims to improve problem-solving skills and social functioning, particularly for disadvantaged and marginalised vulnerable groups. The ongoing climate change is worsening the global social work burden since it increases the frequency of occurrence, magnitude, and duration of disaster events such as droughts, heat waves, diseases, tropical cyclones, and floods that negatively impact human beings. Specifically, children, people with disabilities, women, and the elderly are especially vulnerable, as they are often unable to move quickly and may have existing health conditions that make escaping from disasters difficult—meanwhile, the human rights perspective advocates for the inclusivity of all people in the disaster management process. The study used qualitative literature review analysis to explore social work-based strategies for managing the impacts of climate change in Zimbabwe while ensuring the participation of vulnerable groups in co-creating the strategy. The research involved a scoping literature review using African Journals Online, Google Scholar, and ProQuest Central search engines. The study followed specific steps, including formulating the research problem, developing and validating the reviewing protocol, searching for relevant literature using key search terms, screening for inclusion, assessing the relevance, extracting data, analysing and synthesising data, and reporting the findings. Conclusions and recommendations were based on the gaps and inconsistencies identified in the literature review.
Theoretical Investigation of the Coexistence between Superconductivity and Antiferromagnetism in Heavy Fermion CeCu2Si2 Superconductor
Authors: Kahsay Gebregziabher , Negussie Tamiru
Published: September 2024

The current research work has theoretically investigated the possible coexistence between superconductivity and antiferromagnetism in heavy fermion CeCu2Si2 superconductors. By developing a model Hamiltonian for the system under consideration, and by employing the double time-temperature dependent Green’s function formalism, mathematical computations have been conducted, and phase diagrams of superconducting gap parameter (Δ) versus temperature (T), superconducting transition temperature (TC) and antiferromagnetism order temperature (TN) versus antiferromagnetic order parameter (η) have been plotted separately by using MATLAB script. Finally, the possible coexistence between superconductivity and antiferromagnetism in heavy fermion CeCu2Si2 superconductor has been demonstrated by combining the two-phase diagrams. The model we employed in this research shows a common region where superconductivity and antiferromagnetism can coexist in superconducting CeCu2Si2. The results we obtained in this work are compatible with previous findings.
Efficiency Evaluation of DNA Isolation Techniques in Fins of Channa marulius Using PCR Amplification and NanoDrop
Authors: Ahmad Khan Naveed , Naeem Muhammad
Published: September 2024

Highly pure and good-quality extracted DNA is vital for PCR amplification, gene sequencing, and species identification. Seven genomic DNA isolation techniques were used to isolate the DNA from the fins of Channa marulius. The concentration and purity of isolated DNA were assessed with PCR amplification of the mitochondrial COI gene and NanoDrop. The phenol-chloroform method was found significantly (P<0.05) higher in concentration (1001 ng.ul-1) as compared to all other six evaluated DNA isolation methods. In terms of purity of isolated DNA GeneJET, the Genomic DNA Purification Kit was found significantly (P<0.05) higher among all analyzed methods. Both the Phenol chloroform method and GeneJET Genomic DNA Purification Kit were successfully used in PCR amplification. Concluding that the Phenol chloroform method and GeneJET Genomic DNA Purification Kit may be successfully used in PCR amplification. The phenol-chloroform method and GeneJET Genomic DNA Purification Kit proved the best in the extraction of DNA in high concentration with maximum yield and purity from fins of C. marulius and can be helpful to isolate DNA from fish species because a small quantity of fin tissues is required for DNA isolation without harm to fish. Moreover, data reported from this study about DNA isolation techniques may be used for molecular approaches like PCR amplification and gene sequencing of fishes.
Configuration Reversal Effect on Earth Resistivity Measurements in Parts of Birnin Kebbi, Northwestern Nigeria
Authors: Abubakar Adamu , Kamfani Likkason Othniel , Nasir Maikurata Maryam , Agada Anthony Emmanuel , Godfrey Ugbena Kelvins
Published: September 2024

An approach involving forward and reverse effects on earth resistivity measurements was carried out in some selected sites in the Birnin Kebbi area of Gwandu Formation Northwestern Nigeria. The primary objective of this research work was to investigate the relationship between the principle of reversibility of current, the potential difference in measuring earth’s resistivity, and determining the depth of penetration for various probes. Because of shallow, deep, and very deep penetration used to measure resistivity in both locations, a Schlumberger array with half of the maximum current electrode spacing (AB/2) of 70 m was used to measure a total of sixteen (16) depth-sounding data in a randomly distributed manner. An Excel chart of (x, y) scattered data was used to automatically interpret the apparent resistivity data after the field was examined and interpreted using IPI2win. To compare the apparent soil resistivity of two switches and how it’s impacted by the depth of the soil moisture contents, a series of measurements were made as part of this study. The collected results demonstrate how soil resistivity varies with depth and spacing, which guides the development of earthen protection plans for the worst-case scenarios. Based on the kind of soil and moisture content, it was found that resistivity varies. Reverse resistivity switch is higher than forward switch resistivity. According to the suggested design, there are 4 to 6 different forward switch circumstances that call for different numbers of earth electrodes.