bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
‘The Clach’: Alexander Mackenzie and the Land Question in the Late-Nineteenth Century Highlands and Islands
Authors: Thomas Ben
Published: May 2017

This article uses the career and writings of the Highland land reformer Alexander Mackenzie, to shed new light on the evolution of Highland land reform in the years leading up to the Crofters' Act of 1886. Mackenzie's output as a writer and journalist shows that his early experiences of living and working on the land are vital to understanding his approach to the land question, and led him to focus not on abstract or ideal principles but on building popular consensus to secure the most pressing reforms. This moderate and pragmatic approach was not universally popular though, especially among Mackenzie's more radical reformist contemporaries. The tensions these disagreements created are symptomatic of the problems that beset the ‘Crofting Community’ in the 1880s and ‘90s: problems that would eventually cause the land reform movement to split. Nevertheless, Mackenzie's influence on the Crofters’ War was huge, and deserves greater scholarly recognition.
Tree Climbing Techniques and Volume Equations for Eschweilera (Matá-Matá), a Hyperdominant Genus in the Amazon Forest
Authors: Gimenez Bruno , Dos Santos Leandro , Gebara Jonas , Celes Carlos , Durgante Flávia , Lima Adriano , Dos Santos Joaquim , Higuchi Niro
Published: May 2017

The Eschweilera genus has great ecological and economic importance due to its wide abundance in the Amazon basin. One potential use for the Eschweilera genus is in forest management, where just a few trees are removed per hectare. In order to improve the forest management in the Amazon, this study assessed two critical issues: volume equations fitted for a single genus and the development of a non-destructive method using climbing techniques. The equipment used to measure the sample trees included: climbing rope, ascenders, descenders, and carabiners. To carry out the objectives of this study, 64 trees with diameter at breast height (DBH) ≥ 10 cm were selected and measured in ZF-2 Tropical Forestry Station near the city of Manaus, Brazil. Four single input models with DBH and four dual input models with DBH and merchantable height (H) were tested. The Husch model (V = a × DBHb) presented the best performance (R2 = 0.97). This model does not require the merchantable height, which is an important advantage, because of the difficulty in measuring this variable in tropical forests. When the merchantable height data are collected using accurate methods, the Schumacher and Hall model (V = a × DBHb × Hc) is the most appropriated. Tree climbing techniques with the use of ropes, as a non-destructive method, is a good alternative to measure the merchantable height, the diameter along the stem, and also estimate the tree volume (m3) of the Eschweilera genus in the Amazon basin.
Impacts of Beech Bark Disease and Climate Change on American Beech
Authors: Stephanson Christopher , Ribarik Coe Natalie
Published: May 2017

American beech (Fagus grandifolia Ehrh.) is a dominant component of forest tree cover over a large portion of eastern North America and this deciduous, mast-bearing tree species plays a key role in these forest ecosystems. Beech bark disease (BBD) is a scale insect-fungus complex that has caused the decline and death of afflicted beech trees. This disease has become a common feature in North American forest landscapes. Resistance to BBD is at the level of the beech scale (Cryptococcus fagisuga Lind.). Beech scale attack predisposes the tree to subsequent infection by Neonectria fungi. The impact of this tree disease has been shown to be significant, particularly in beech dominated forests. Scale-free trees (resistant to BBD) have been reported to range from only 1% to 3% in infested stands, with estimates ranging from 80–95% for overall infestation (for all beech within the current North American range). In addition to BBD, overall beech health will be directly impacted by climate change, if one specifically considers the expected fluctuations in precipitation leading to both drought periods and flooding. Beech is particularly sensitive to both extremes and is less resilient than other broad leaf tree species. Although the increase in global temperatures will likely shift the current range of the American beech, milder winters and less snowpack will favor propagation and survival of the beech scale. This review aims to present the current outlook for American beech in light of climate change. The natural history of the American beech and the onslaught of BBD during the last century will be covered, followed by the potential effects of a changing climate on BBD-infested forests. Evidence from models of European beech (Fagus sylvatica) and other host-pathogen systems will supplement data directly gathered to evaluate BBD in American beech. We present the case that although climate change is likely to be a confounding factor in the continued loss of American beech, increasing our understanding of possible mechanisms of resistance and environmental factors that may influence susceptibility of American beech to BBD can inform proactive management strategies.
Soil Salinity: Effect on Vegetable Crop Growth. Management Practices to Prevent and Mitigate Soil Salinization
Authors: Machado Rui , Serralheiro Ricardo
Published: May 2017

Salinity is a major problem affecting crop production all over the world: 20% of cultivated land in the world, and 33% of irrigated land, are salt-affected and degraded. This process can be accentuated by climate change, excessive use of groundwater (mainly if close to the sea), increasing use of low-quality water in irrigation, and massive introduction of irrigation associated with intensive farming. Excessive soil salinity reduces the productivity of many agricultural crops, including most vegetables, which are particularly sensitive throughout the ontogeny of the plant. The salinity threshold (ECt) of the majority of vegetable crops is low (ranging from 1 to 2.5 dS m−1 in saturated soil extracts) and vegetable salt tolerance decreases when saline water is used for irrigation. The objective of this review is to discuss the effects of salinity on vegetable growth and how management practices (irrigation, drainage, and fertilization) can prevent soil and water salinization and mitigate the adverse effects of salinity.
Maximizing L2 Speaking Practice through iPads
Authors: Schenker Theresa , Kraemer Angelika
Published: May 2017

This study investigates the effects of additional out-of-class speaking practice, using a simple iPad application, on students’ overall speaking proficiency, fluency, and syntactic complexity. Students in the experimental and control groups (N = 52) completed an adapted Simulated Oral Proficiency Interview (SOPI) at the end of the semester, which was rated by two independent raters. Results of an independent-samples t-test revealed statistically significant differences between the two groups. The students who had received additional speaking practice on iPads achieved higher SOPI scores than the students in the control group. Two of the seven tasks of the SOPI test were used for the analysis of fluency and complexity. Results did not show any statistically significant differences between the two groups for fluency and complexity. The study suggests that mobile technology can be effectively implemented for beginning language learners to enhance their learning outcomes.
Spectral Properties of Er3+/Tm3+ Co-Doped ZBLAN Glasses and Fibers
Authors: Liao Xili , Jiang Xiaobo , Yang Qiuhong , Wang Longfei , Chen Danping
Published: May 2017

A series of Er3+/Tm3+ co-doped fluoride (ZBLAN) glasses and fibers was prepared and their fluorescence spectra was measured under excitation at 793 nm and 980 nm. Correlation between the self-absorption effect of rare-earth ions and the shift of the emission peak was investigated. With the increasing length of fiber, the emission peaks red-shift when self-absorption occurs at the upper level of emission transition or blue-shift when that occurs at the lower level. As a result of the strong self-absorption effect, Er3+/Tm3+ co-doped fibers mainly yield 1390–1470, 1850–1980, and 2625–2750 nm emissions when excited at 793 nm, and 1480–1580, 1800–1980, and 2625–2750 nm emissions when excited at 980 nm. Further, a broadband emission in the range of 1410–1580 nm covering the S + C communication band was obtained by the dual-pumping scheme of 793 nm and 980 nm. Results suggest that the dual-pumping scheme would be more effective and important for an Er3+/Tm3+ co-doped fiber amplifier working in the S + C communication band.
Effect of the Cationic Block Structure on the Characteristics of Sludge Flocs Formed by Charge Neutralization and Patching
Authors: Zheng Huaili , Feng Li , Gao Baoyu , Zhou Yuhao , Zhang Shixin , Xu Bingchen
Published: May 2017

In this study, a template copolymer (TPAA) of (3-Acrylamidopropyl) trimethylammonium chloride (AATPAC) and acrylamide (AM) was successfully synthesized though ultrasonic-initiated template copolymerization (UTP), using sodium polyacrylate (PAAS) as a template. TPAA was characterized by an evident cationic microblock structure which was observed through the analyses of the reactivity ratio, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), 1H (13C) nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H (13C) NMR), and thermogravimetry/differential scanning calorimetry (TG/DSC). The introduction of the template could improve the monomer (AATPAC) reactivity ratio and increase the length and amount of AATPAC segments. This novel cationic microblock structure extremely enhanced the ability of charge neutralization, patching, and bridging, thus improving the activated sludge flocculation performance. The experiments of floc formation, breakage, and regrowth revealed that the cationic microblock structure in the copolymer resulted in large and compact flocs, and these flocs had a rapid regrowth when broken. Finally, the larger and more compact flocs contributed to the formation of more channels and voids, and therefore the specific resistance to filtration (SRF) reached a minimum.
The Correlation of Pore Size and Bioactivity of Spray-Pyrolyzed Mesoporous Bioactive Glasses
Authors: Chou Yu-Jen , Hong Bo-Jiang , Lin Ying-Chih , Wang Chen-Ying , Shih Shao-Ju
Published: May 2017

SiO2–CaO–P2O5-based mesoporous bioactive glasses (MBGs) were synthesized by spray pyrolysis in this study. Three commonly used non-ionic tri-block copolymers (L121, P123, and F127) with various lengths of hydrophilic chains were applied as structural templates to achieve different pore sizes. A mesoporous structure was observed in each as-prepared specimen, and the results showed that the L121-treated MBG had the largest pore size. The results of bioactivity tests indicated that the growth of hydroxyapatite is related to the pore size of the materials.
Essential Oils from Leaves of Medicinal Plants of Brazilian Flora: Chemical Composition and Activity against Candida Species
Authors: Costa Maria , Silva Alexandre , Silva Ana , Lima Vera , Bezerra-Silva Patrícia , Rocha Suyana , Navarro Daniela , Correia Maria , Napoleão Thiago , Silva Márcia , Paiva Patrícia
Published: May 2017

Background: The biotechnological potential of medicinal plants from Brazilian Caatinga and the Atlantic Forest has not been extensively studied. Thus, screening programs are important in prospecting for compounds for developing new drugs. The purpose of this study was to determine the chemical composition and to evaluate the anti-Candida activity of essential oils from leaves of Hymenaea courbaril var. courbaril, Myroxylon peruiferum, and Vismia guianensis. Methods: The oils were extracted through hydrodistillation and their chemical compositions were analyzed by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. Antifungal activity against C. albicans, C. tropicalis, C. parapsilosis, C. glabrata, and C. krusei was evaluated by determining the minimal inhibitory (MIC) and fungicidal (MFC) concentrations. Results: The major compounds of the oils were caryophyllene oxide and trans-caryophyllene for H. courbaril; spathulenol, α-pinene, and caryophyllene oxide for M. peruiferum; and caryophyllene oxide and humulene epoxide II for V. guianensis oil. The oils showed antifungal activity against all the strains tested, and the MIC values ranged between 0.625 and 1.25 μL/mL and MFC from 0.625 to 2.5 μL/mL. Conclusion: The essential oils from the species studied have the potential to be evaluated as clinical applications in the treatment of candidiasis.
Template Effect of the Graphene Moiré Lattice on Phthalocyanine Assembly
Authors: Néel Nicolas , Kröger Jörg
Published: May 2017

Superstructures of metal-free phthalocyanine (2H-Pc) molecules on graphene-covered Ir(111) have been explored by scanning tunnelling microscopy. Depending on the sub-monolayer coverage different molecular assemblies form at the surface. They reflect the transition from a graphene template effect on the 2H-Pc arrangement to molecular superstructures that are mainly governed by the intermolecular coupling.
A Study of the CO Sensing Responses of Cu-, Pt- and Pd-Activated SnO2 Sensors: Effect of Precipitation Agents, Dopants and Doping Methods
Authors: Tangirala Venkata , Gómez-Pozos Heberto , Rodríguez-Lugo Ventura , Olvera María
Published: May 2017

In this work, we report the synthesis of Cu, Pt and Pd doped SnO2 powders and a comparative study of their CO gas sensing performance. Dopants were incorporated into SnO2 nanostructures using chemical and impregnation methods by using urea and ammonia as precipitation agents. The synthesized samples were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM). The presence of dopants within the SnO2 nanostructures was evidenced from the HR-TEM results. Powders doped utilizing chemical methods with urea as precipitation agent presented higher sensing responses compared to the other forms, which is due to the formation of uniform and homogeneous particles resulting from the temperature-assisted synthesis. The particle sizes of doped SnO2 nanostructures were in the range of 40–100 nm. An enhanced sensing response around 1783 was achieved with Cu-doped SnO2 when compared with two other dopants i.e., Pt (1200) and Pd:SnO2 (502). The high sensing response of Cu:SnO2 is due to formation of CuO and its excellent association and dissociation with adsorbed atmospheric oxygen in the presence of CO at the sensor operation temperature, which results in high conductance. Cu:SnO2 may thus be an alternative and cost effective sensor for industrial applications.
Exploring the Relationship between E-Government Development and Environmental Sustainability: A Study of Small Island Developing States
Authors: Lee Young
Published: May 2017

Small island developing states (SIDS) are one of the most vulnerable countries for environmental sustainability in the world. To maintain environmental sustainability, the SIDS governments are pursuing many e-government projects, but there is much debate on its effectiveness. In the absence of empirical evidence, this study conducts quantitative analysis to estimate the effects of e-government development on environmental sustainability. Utilizing a panel dataset, we found that the development of e-government not only has direct effects on environmental sustainability, but also indirect effects through the enhancement of government effectiveness. This study emphasized the importance of contingent or intermediary factors in the study of e-government effectiveness. Additionally, after reviewing potential variables, we recommend the effectiveness of government as an important intermediary variable for the environmental sustainability in developing countries, such as SIDS.
Recognition of sepsis in primary care: a survey among GPs
Authors: Loots Feike J , Arpots Roeland , van den Berg Rick , Hopstaken Rogier M , Giesen Paul , Smits Marleen
Published: May 2017

Background

Early recognition and treatment of sepsis are important to reduce morbidity and mortality. Screening tools using vital signs are effective in emergency departments. It is not known how the decision to refer a patient to the hospital with a possible serious infection is made in primary care.

Aim

To gain insight into the clinical decision-making process of GPs in patients with possible sepsis infections.

Design & setting

Survey among a random sample of 800 GPs in the Netherlands.

Method

Quantitative questionnaire using Likert scales.

Results

One hundred and sixty (20.3%) of questionnaires were eligible for analysis. Based on self-reported cases of possible serious infections, the factors most often indicated as important for the decision to refer patients to the hospital were: general appearance (94.1%), gut feeling (92.1%), history (92.0%), and physical examination (89.3%). Temperature (88.7%), heart rate (88.7%), and blood pressure (82.1%), were the most frequently measured vital signs. In general, GPs more likely referred patients in case of: altered mental status (98.7%), systolic blood pressure <100 mmHg (93.7%), unable to stand (89.3%), insufficient effect of previous antibiotic treatment (87.4%), and respiratory rate ≥22/minute (86.1%).

Conclusion

The GPs' assessment of patients with possible serious infection is a complex process, in which besides checking vital signs, many other aspects of the consultation guide the decision to refer a patient to the hospital. To improve care for patients with sepsis, the diagnostic and prognostic value of assessing the vital signs and symptoms, GPs' gut feeling, and additional diagnostic tests, should be prospectively studied in the primary care setting.
Contextualizing the Use of Oncologic Imaging within Treatment Phases: Imaging Trends and Modality Preferences, 2000–2014
Authors: Copeland T.P. , Creasman J.M. , Seidenwurm D.J. , Franc B.L.
Published: May 2017

Background: In the present study, we retrospectively evaluated the use of tomographic imaging in adult cancer patients to clarify how recent growth plateaus in the use of tomographic imaging in the United States might have affected oncologic imaging during the same period. Methods: At a U.S. academic cancer centre, 12,059 patients with dates of death from January 2000 through December 2014 were identified. Imaging was restricted to brain and body computed tomography (ct), brain and body magnetic resonance (mr), and body positron-emission tomography (pet) with and without superimposed ct. Trends during the staging (1 year after diagnosis), monitoring (18–6 months before death), and end-of-life (final 6 months before death) phases were analyzed. Results: Comparing the 2005–2009 with the 2010–2014 period, mean intensity of pet imaging increased 21% during staging (p = 0.0000) and 27% during end of life (p = 0.0019). In the monitoring phase, mean intensity for ct brain, ct body, and mr body imaging decreased by 26% (p = 0.0133), 11% (p = 0.0118), and 26% (p = 0.0008), respectively. Aggregate mean intensity of imaging increased in the 13%–27% range every 3 months from 18 months before death to death, reaching 1.43 images in the final 3 months of life. Patients diagnosed in the final 18 months of life had an average of 1 additional image during both the 3 months after diagnosis (p = 0.0000) and the final 3 months before death (p = 0.0000). Conclusions: Imaging increased as temporal proximity to death decreased, and patients diagnosed near death received more staging imaging, suggesting that imaging guidelines should consider imaging intensity within the context of treatment phase. Despite the development, by multiple organizations, of appropriateness criteria to reduce imaging utilization, aggregate per-patient imaging showed insignificant changes. Simultaneous fluctuations in the intensity of imaging by modality suggest recent changes in the modalities preferred by providers.
Prognostic and Predictive Value of Low Estrogen Receptor Expression in Breast Cancer
Authors: Bouchard-Fortier A. , Provencher L. , Blanchette C. , Diorio C.
Published: May 2017

Purpose: Anti-hormonal therapy (tamoxifen) is recommended for estrogen receptor (er)–positive breast cancer (bca); however, its effect on low-receptor cancers is unclear. We retrospectively evaluated the effect of adjuvant tamoxifen in patients with weakly er-positive bca. Methods: We identified 2221 bca patients who had been er-tested by ligand-based assay (lba) during 1976–1995 and who had been treated and followed until 2008. Cox proportional hazards models adjusted for age, body mass index, tumour size, nodal status, surgery, and chemotherapy were used to assess the effect of er level on bca survival in patients who received tamoxifen. Results: Overall, 17% (383) of patients were within 0–3 fmol/mg cytosol protein, and 12% (266) were within 4–9 fmol/mg cytosol protein. Patients with er levels of 0–3, 4–9, 10–19, 20–49, and 50 fmol/mg or more cytosol protein had 20-year bca survival rates of 56%, 56%, 63%, 71%, and 60% respectively. Of the 2221 patients studied, 661 (29.8%) received anti-hormonal therapy. Within the latter group, er levels of 0–3, 4–9, 10–19, 20–49, and 50 fmol/mg or more cytosol protein were associated with a hazard ratio for lower bca mortality: respectively, 1.00 (reference), 0.59 (p = 0.09), 0.19 (p < 0.0001), 0.26 (p < 0.0001), and 0.31 (p < 0.0001)—the risk reduction being significant only for er levels of 10 fmol/mg or more cytosol protein. Conclusions: Tamoxifen use in bca patients with a weakly positive er status (4–9 fmol/mg cytosol protein), compared with those having higher er levels (≥10 fmol/mg cytosol protein), is not associated with a significantly lower bca-specific mortality. Our results do not support treatment with anti-hormonal therapy for bca patients with a weakly positive er status as identified by lba.
Measuring Quality Care in Localized Renal Cell Cancer: Use of Appropriate Preoperative Investigations in a Population-Based Cohort
Authors: Moideen N. , Marzouk K.H. , Matheson K.J. , Wood L.A.
Published: May 2017

Introduction: Obtaining appropriate preoperative risk-specific staging investigations for localized renal cell carcinoma (rcc) is a recognized quality indicator. The goal of the present work was to determine the use and appropriateness of preoperative investigations in patients undergoing curative surgery for rcc. Methods: This population-based retrospective study of patients having surgery for localized rcc recorded the use of preoperative imaging and laboratory investigations within 6 months of surgery. “Appropriate” stage-specific investigations were determined using recognized published guidelines. Results: The study cohort consisted of 544 patients with 72.8% being stage i, 18.4% being stage ii, and 8.8% being stage iii by clinical TNM (2002) criteria. In 61.6%, chest imaging was obtained by chest radiography or computed tomography (ct) within 3 months preoperatively; in 75.6%, such imaging was obtained within 6 months. Abdominal ct imaging was obtained in 97.1% of patients before surgery, with 77.5% of patients receiving such imaging within 3 months of surgery. Complete blood count, electrolytes, and creatinine were measured in 99.1% of patients, but those tests plus other recommended blood tests including calcium, alkaline phosphatase, and liver function were measured in only 17.7%. Conclusions: In this study, most patients received appropriate abdominal imaging, but chest imaging was underutilized in the overall cohort. Despite being recommended, blood tests such as liver function, alkaline phosphatase, and calcium were completed in fewer than 2 of 10 patients. This analysis provides the groundwork for quality improvement initiatives directed to the use of preoperative investigations in localized rcc.
Consultative Workshop Proceedings of the Canadian Team to Improve Community-Based Cancer Care along the Continuum
Authors: Grunfeld E. , Petrovic B.
Published: May 2017

The multidisciplinary pan-Canadian canimpact (Canadian Team to Improve Community-Based Cancer Care Along the Continuum) group is studying how to improve cancer care for patients in the primary care setting. A consultative workshop hosted by the team took place on 31 March and 1 April 2016 in Toronto, Ontario. The workshop included 74 participants from 9 provinces, with representation from primary care, cancer specialties, international liaisons, knowledge users, researchers, and patients. On the agenda were presentations from canimpact phase 1 projects including (1) qualitative studies on the perspectives of survivors and health care providers about continuity and coordination of care; (2) an environmental scan and systematic review of existing initiatives designed to improve care integration; (3) population-based administrative health database analyses related to breast cancer diagnosis, treatment, and survivorship; and (4) a qualitative study on the experiences, desired roles, and needs of primary health care providers with respect to personalized medicine. In addition, there were presentations on two possible intervention approaches, including nurse navigation and the eConsult system. Based on the information presented, participants worked in small groups to develop recommendations for phase 2, which will involve development and evaluation of an intervention to improve the integration of care between primary care providers and cancer specialists. After a process of deliberation and voting, workshop participants recommended testing the implementation of eConsult in the oncology setting to determine whether it improves relationships, communication, knowledge sharing, and connections between family doctors and cancer specialists; and, to improve system navigation, evaluating eConsult in existing nurse navigator programs, if feasible.
Characteristics Predicting Outcomes of Allogeneic Stem-Cell Transplantation in Relapsed Acute Myelogenous Leukemia
Authors: Frazer J. , Couban S. , Doucette S. , Shivakumar S.
Published: May 2017

Background: Allogeneic hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation (ahsct) is associated with significant morbidity and mortality, but it can cure carefully selected patients with acute myeloid leukemia (aml) in second remission (cr2). In a cohort of patients with aml who underwent ahsct in cr2, we determined the pre-transplant factors that predicted for overall survival (os), relapse, and non-relapse mortality. We also sought to validate the prognostic risk groups derived by Michelis and colleagues in this independent population. Methods: In a retrospective chart review, we obtained data for 55 consecutive patients who underwent ahsct for aml in cr2. Hazard ratios were used to describe the independent effects of pre-transplant variables on outcome, and Kaplan–Meier curves were used to assess outcomes in the three prognostic groups identified by Michelis and colleagues. Results: At 1, 3, and 5 years post-transplant, os was 60%, 45.5%, and 37.5% respectively. Statistically significant differences in os, relapse mortality, and non-relapse mortality were not identified between the prognostic risk groups identified by Michelis and colleagues. Women were less likely than men to relapse, and a modified European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation (mebmt) score of 3 or less was associated with a lower non-relapse mortality. Conclusions: The 37.5% 5-year os in this cohort suggests that, compared with other options, ahsct offers patients with aml in cr2 a better chance of cure. Our study supports the use of the mebmt score to predict non-relapse mortality in this population.
A METHODOLOGICAL FRAMEWORK FOR MEASURING THE LEVEL OF CONVENIENCE OF TRANSPORT TICKETING SYSTEMS
Authors: Zalar Dušan , Ušpalytė-Vitkūnienė Rasa , Rebolj Danijel , Lep Marjan
Published: May 2017

Public transport sustainability is becoming a major driver for public transport development. Public transport ridership represents one of the key performance indicators of sustainability in the sense of balancing the economic, social and environmental aspects of public transport. There are various methods for improving the attractiveness of public transport for passengers by reducing resistances, which discourage potential and existing passengers to use public transport. Transport ticketing is one of the methods. This article presents a methodological framework for evaluating transport ticketing technologies with the use of a transport ticketing convenience model developed by the authors as well as some survey results through the application of the developed framework on traditional smart ticketing and contactless payment card ticketing technologies. First, a methodological framework for modelling ticketing convenience based on end-to-end passenger experience is presented. Second, a ticketing convenience model for barrier-free and double-sided validation baseline ticketing systems is developed. Third, the ticketing system based on contactless bank payment cards is compared with traditional smart ticketing systems in terms of convenience. It is shown that a contactless payment cards ticketing system has greater convenience or a better, more seamless travel experience than traditional smart systems. Finally, some research perspectives on enhancing the ticketing convenience model by using mobile smartphones with NFC, BLE and GPS technology, as well as the inclusion of technologies related to ticketing such as passenger information systems into the model, are contemplated.
THE BUSINESS IMPACT ANALYSIS OF THE MINIMUM WAGE VALORISATION
Authors: Pernica Martin
Published: May 2017

The paper presents the results of research conducted in companies based in the South Moravian Region with the aim to gain information concerning the influence of minimum wage on employment and competitiveness of business. To complete this paper there have been used methods of analysis, comparison, induction and deduction, percentage of positive and negative answers and Pearson’s chi-squared test. The research revealed that majority of companies would embrace minimum wage derived from average wage and yearly minimum wage inflation adjustment. Although, approximately one half of the respondents believe that the minimum wage makes it harder to employ low-skilled workers.
Planejamento fatorial sob uma perspectiva investigativa com base na teoria de falseamento de Karl R. Popper
Authors: Toledo Evelyn Jeniffer De Lima , Ferreira Luiz Henrique
Published: May 2017

A aprendizagem e a motivação na sala de aula podem ser fortalecidas pela inserção de atividades experimentais pautadas na participação do aluno como agente ativo. Para isso, embora o objetivo não seja o mesmo da ciência, não se deve abrir mão dos pressupostos teóricos mínimos, tanto da teoria quanto dos procedimentos e dos instrumentos de coleta de dados. Uma possibilidade para verificar a adequabilidade da atividade é através de ferramentas estatísticas como o planejamento fatorial de forma concomitante com a teoria de falseamento de Popper. Quando ambas as teorias são usadas juntas é possível explorar o potencial para testar não apenas o experimento como um todo, mas os próprios instrumentos de coleta de dados. Assim, neste trabalho os instrumentos de coleta de dados de um experimento da literatura nacional foi submetido a análise fatorial resultando em evidências da sua inadequabilidade.
Como superar barreiras na comunicação nas organizações
Authors: Abreu Tânia Maria Bassetti de , Bazoni Melina Cecon
Published: May 2017

Por meio de pesquisa exploratória, utilizando-se de revisão de literatura, este artigo teve como objetivo estudar e verificar a importância da comunicação, inclusive dentro das organizações, considerando principalmente as barreiras que impedem ou dificultam a fluidez da comunicação, pois as organizações são feitas por pessoas. Nesse contexto, apresenta-se o conceito de comunicação, processo de comunicação e comunicação organizacional, focando na integração da comunicação. O estudo identificou barreiras como falta entrosamento, falta de clareza de objetivos, hábitos de linguagem, diferença de status, sobrecarga de informação, entre outros. Entende-se que é muito difícil, para não dizer impossível, superar totalmente essas barreiras, mas é necessário que as empresas estejam atentas para este cenário a fim de minimizar isso e tornar o ambiente organizacional mais funcional, atrativo e agradável.
Relações Públicas no gerenciamento de crises: uma análise da redação publicitária no facebook da Trident durante o Lollapalooza
Authors: Almeida Cristóvão Domingos , Tavares Victor Augusto Cinquini
Published: May 2017

O objetivo é analisar a redação publicitária presente nas legendas das fotos postadas pela Trident em sua fanpage oficial na rede social digital facebook durante o evento musical Lollapalooza 2016. Essas legendas desencadearam crises de imagens pelo sentimento dúbio provocado no público. Metodologicamente o estudo é de cunho qualitativo com inspiração em análise ego em rede (RECUERO, 2011), observamos a partir das legendas, as narrativas contrárias à pretensão da empresa. Constatamos que os comentários nas postagens veiculadas pelas mídias sociais digitais podem gerar crises de imagem Institucional. Nessa perspectiva, entende-se que os textos publicitários devem ser planejados antes da sua veiculação e revisados para evitar possíveis crises, para não colocar em risco a reputação da organização. E, nesse âmbito, o profissional da área de Relações Públicas é preparado para lidar com o planejamento e gerenciamento de crises, pois auxilia a instituição a se prevenir e reverter as situações delicadas.
Os paratextos publicitários de uma comédia de situação brasileira: a narrativa das chamadas televisivas
Authors: Bona Rafael Jose
Published: May 2017

O objetivo deste artigo é analisar a narrativa das chamadas televisivas, consideradas paratextos publicitários, de uma comédia de situação (sitcom) brasileira. O entendimento de paratexto se relaciona a uma das cinco formas de transtextualidade propostas por Genette (2010). Nesta pesquisa se adapta o elemento textual prefácio, entendido como paratexto por Genette, para as chamadas televisivas. O material selecionado para análise é proveniente dos antigos programas de Os Trapalhões. São analisadas três chamadas veiculadas na TV Globo entre os anos de 1988 e 1992. Os resultados demonstram que os paratextos se configuram numa linguagem híbrida, pois neles são incorporados vários tipos de linguagem que vão desde o videografismo, trechos dos programas de televisão, até a publicidade da própria emissora.
La conférence du général Mangin en Avignon (1922) : quand une poussée de pacifisme sonne le glas d’une ambition politique
Authors: Tison Franck
Published: May 2017

Le 30 mai 1922, le général Mangin débarquait en Avignon afin d’y prononcer une conférence sur la victoire française au profit des mutilés de guerre. Cette visite s’inscrivait dans une campagne visant à façonner son image de stratège et d’homme d’autorité. Préparait-il une entrée en politique ? Pas impossible. En tout cas, l’Action française, les milieux nationalistes y songeaient sérieusement, voyant un lui un possible homme providentiel. Aussi, lorsque leurs ténors, Léon Daudet et Charles Maurras apprirent que Mangin avait été empêché de parler et même conspué dans la cité des papes par les anciens combattants de l’Arac et les cheminots vauclusiens , leur sang ne fit qu’un tour. Ils se déchaînèrent contre le préfet du Vaucluse, Pierre Antoine Monis avec en ligne de mire la République radicale. Au final, cette conférence ne fut pas sans impact sur la carrière du général Mangin.
La fonction RH face à la numérisation des organisations : le cas des outils de communication numérique
Authors: Audrin Bertrand , Davoine Eric
Published: May 2017

La numérisation est un facteur de mutation important pour l’organisation et son environnement avec des impacts multiples sur ceux-ci. Notre étude prospective vise à identifier les dossiers de la fonction RH associés à la diffusion des outils de communication numérique au sein de l’organisation. Une première contribution de l’étude est de montrer que les cinq dossiers identifiés (image d’employeur, gestion des talents, des compétences 2.0, règlementation et diagnostic des impacts de la numérisation) ont des enjeux très différents pour la fonction RH. Deuxième contribution, ils permettent également de structurer efficacement le champ des recherches en management liées à la numérisation de l’organisation.
L’impact de l’IFRS 8 sur le coût des capitaux propres
Authors: Lenormand Gaëlle , Touchais Lionel
Published: May 2017

L’article vise à mesurer l’impact de l’IFRS 8 sur le contenu informationnel des données sectorielles. Sur un échantillon français, nous constatons qu’une évolution de la segmentation avec l’IFRS 8 s’accompagne d’un moindre coût des capitaux propres. Lorsque le nombre de segments présentés change, l’IFRS 8 semble apporter un complément d’information utile à l’investisseur. Ce résultat confirme les attentes et les conclusions de l’IASB.
Enjeux et pratiques de l’IFRS 3 et IAS 36 - Etude de la communication financière du goodwill des sociétés françaises : impact des politiques de dépréciation
Authors: Disle Charlotte , Janin Rémi
Published: May 2017

De par la situation économique durant la période 2009-2013, les sociétés françaises du SBF 120 sont contraintes pour la plupart de déprécier leur écart d’acquisition. Cependant, les sociétés, qui constatent régulièrement des pertes de valeur, adoptent un reporting de qualité à l’inverse des sociétés qui enregistrent brutalement une forte dépréciation du goodwill sur un ou deux exercices.
Maintain and Acquire: the Viability Principles in Population Economics
Authors: Bonneuil Noël
Published: May 2017

Les questions de survie, de reproduction, d’obtention et de changement mettent en jeu les principes de maintien, d’acquisition et de victoire/défaite. Ceux-ci engagent des propriétés mathématiques profondes des systèmes dynamiques et des ensembles, et sont formalisés dans la théorie de la viabilité. Ils permettent de caractériser les comportements humains dans leur diversité et leur imprévisibilité. On peut ainsi revisiter des thèmes majeurs de l’économie politique des populations : les fluctuations de la fécondité et la croissance endogène, les relations entre croissance démographique, ressources et progrès économique, la transition démographique et ses ressorts économiques, l’économie industrielle, l’économie de la famille et du cycle de vie, le financement du vieillissement, l’équité entre générations, les réseaux sociaux et la valeur économique de la biodiversité.
Paroles de femmes noires
Authors: Bruneel Emmanuelle , Gomes Silva Tauana Olivia
Published: May 2017

Cet article entend rendre compte de différents discours émanant de femmes noires engagées à différentes époques des années 1910 à 2016. Afin de ne pas tomber dans l’écueil (fréquent lorsque l’on travaille sur des objets numériques) du « tout nouveau », et de ne pas se laisser aller à appréhender les discours des féministes noires contemporaines comme totalement coupés d’un passé – trop vite considéré comme sans résonance de nos jours –, nous avons choisi d’analyser les modalités discursives et sémiotiques des prises de parole des femmes noires sur Internet à la lumière des discours de groupes constitués dans le passé. Nous nous sommes en particulier penchées sur les discours en ligne émanant du collectif afro-féministe Mwasi.
Filmer et être filmé
Authors: Meyer Michaël , Tanner Samuel
Published: May 2017

Cet article envisage le travail policier sous l’angle de sa mise en images dans la rue et de la diffusion de ces documents (audio)visuels sur les plateformes de partage de l’Internet. Grâce à une enquête ethnographique dans une grande police urbaine nord-américaine, nous montrons comment la « sousveillance » de la police par ses publics marque fortement les perceptions professionnelles des agents en uniforme et modifie leur appréhension des situations d’intervention. Soumis aux regards des foules équipées de caméras miniatures, mais aussi producteurs eux-mêmes d’images grâce à des dispositifs embarqués (dans les véhicules ou accrochés à leur uniforme), les agents seraient alors mieux aptes à rendre des comptes et communiquer sur leurs actions. Entre information du public, mise en débat des actions policières et autopromotion de la police, l’article interroge ce rôle des images et souligne l’importante transformation de la visibilité policière qui s’y joue.
Une diplomatie audiovisuelle à la carte. Ce que les pratiques de recrutement révèlent de la « politique audiovisuelle extérieure » française
Authors: Lecler Romain
Published: May 2017

Toute institution internationale qui s’appuie sur un réseau d’agents à l’étranger ne peut pas les contrôler au quotidien et doit leur laisser une large autonomie. Cela rend d’autant plus cruciale l’étape de leur recrutement. C’est ce qu’illustre ici le cas de la diplomatie audiovisuelle pour le ministère français des Affaires étrangères. C’est lors du recrutement des agents qui la mettent en œuvre que les grandes orientations sont en effet décidées. Dès qu’on rapporte certaines propriétés des attachés audiovisuels aux régions où ils ont été envoyés, on repère une claire division du travail de la diplomatie audiovisuelle française : des « routards de la coopération » sont en poste en Afrique ou au Maghreb et au Moyen-Orient, des « jeunes éclaireurs » peu expérimentés en Asie et en Europe de l’Est, et des « hôtesses du business » en Amérique du Nord et l’Europe de l’Ouest, où elles se spécialisent dans les festivals de cinéma et la diffusion non commerciale.
Vers des trans(es)immersions Symbiose-Extase-Osmose-Vertige
Authors: Andrieu Bernard
Published: May 2017

Osmose, Symbiose, Vertige et Extase sont des expériences qui font ressentir depuis le corps et en dehors de la maîtrise de soi et du contrôle d’action une émersion non représentationnelle, sinon irreprésentable, difficilement supportable par le sujet par la déraison même de l’intensité sensorielle de la transe immersive.
Le choix de ne pas avoir d’enfant, ultime libération ?
Authors: Gotman Anne
Published: May 2017

Dans une majorité de pays avancés, le nombre d’hommes et de femmes sans enfant accuse une certaine augmentation, en tout cas si l’on raisonne à court terme. Parmi eux, on s’intéressera à ceux qui se déclarent volontairement sans enfant. On se demandera quel est leur profil sociologique, quelles peuvent être leurs motivations et à quelles explications donner de ce phénomène. On montrera également qu’il s’accompagne d’une revendication de légitimation fondée sur la liberté de choix et l’égalité de traitement entre parents et non-parents.
Student, Preceptor, and Faculty Perceptions of Three Clinical Learning Models
Authors: DeMeester Deborah A. , Hendricks Susan , Stephenson Evelyn , Welch Janet L.
Published: May 2017

Background:

Nursing faculty members strive to use optimal clinical learning environments that educate students for clinical competence and sense of salience. The purpose of this study was to offer insight into the perceptions of students, preceptors, and faculty in three clinical models: traditional, precepted, and a hybrid blend.

Method:

One hundred fifty students, seven preceptors, and 12 faculty members responded to open-ended survey questions about their experience in one of the models. Conventional content analysis revealed themes for each group and theme intersections across groups.

Results:

The students' themes included Making Connections (traditional), The Land of Opportunity (precepted), and The Total Package (hybrid). Preceptor themes included Giving of Self and Reflection on Practice. The Value of the Nurse theme emerged from faculty responses across all models. Students desired additional skill performance, and preceptors suggested improved communication and role clarity.

Conclusion:

Clinical models that maximize faculty and preceptor expertise should be formalized and studied. [
J Nurs Educ.
2017;56(5):281–286.]
Nursing Students' Access to Test Banks: Are Your Tests Secure?
Authors: Madara Bernadette , Resha Cheryl , Krol Maria D. , Lacey Kimberly , Martin Elaine F. , O'Sullivan Cynthia , Smith Jan Weingrad
Published: May 2017

Background:

Schools of nursing have moved to multiple choice test questions to help prepare students for licensure and practice. However, students can buy test banks to help them “get through” nursing school. Accurate assessment of nursing students' knowledge and judgment comprises access to test banks.

Method:

The purpose of this exploratory study was to gain an understanding about nursing faculty's knowledge concerning test bank security issues, to assess whether publishers were aware of this issue, and vendor's reasons for supplying test banks to students.

Results:

Overall, the results indicated that the majority of faculty were unaware of student access to test banks, and although most do not use test banks verbatim, general consensus existed that test bank security is a concern.

Conclusion:

Implications include increasing faculty awareness of test bank access by students, supporting educators to develop their own test bank items, and promoting security of all examinations. [
J Nurs Educ.
2017;56(5):292–294.]
Aspectual Verbs: a study of cease and continue
Authors: Girard-Gillet Geneviève
Published: May 2017

Les verbes aspectuels « cease » et « continue » présentent la particularité d’être complémentés par une infinitive ou une gérondive, mais ils ne peuvent pas être comparés à « stop » et « carry on », qui n’acceptent qu’une gérondive dans le sens de cesser de faire quelque chose ou de continuer à faire quelque chose. L’infinitive, qui complémente « cease » n’a pas un sens de but, mais, exprime, au contraire, la fin d’un procès. L’infinitive après « continue » ne signifie pas qu’un procès s’est arrêté, puis a repris, mais qu’il n’y a eu aucune interruption de ce procès. Les interprétations de ces constructions nécessitent donc une analyse des paramètres qui conduisent au sens qu’elles mettent en place. L’opposition to+V et V-ing ne joue pas le même rôle que celui qu’elle joue avec d’autres verbes. À partir de multiples exemples en contexte, nous montrerons que l’interprétation dépend du sémantisme du verbe recteur, qui est plus complexe que communément admis, du rôle que joue le référent du sujet et de la manière dont l’énonciateur conceptualise l’événement. Cet article propose un approfondissement d’hypothèses antérieurement formulées, en prenant en considération la question du type de causation à l’oeuvre.
Identification of Cryptographic Vulnerability and Malware Detection in Android
Authors: Kumawat Anjali , Sharma Anil Kumar , Kumawat Sunita
Published: May 2017

Android based Smartphones are nowadays getting more popular. While using Smartphone, user is always concerned about security and malicious attacks, cryptographic vulnerability of the applications. With increase in the number of Android mobiles, Android malwares are also increasing very rapidly. So the authors have proposed the “Identification of cryptographic vulnerability and malware detection in Android” system. They have designed a user friendly android application, through which user and developer can easily test the application whether it is benign or vulnerable. The application will be tested firstly using static analysis and then the dynamic analysis will be carried out. The authors have implemented static and dynamic analysis of android application for vulnerable and malicious app detection. They have also created a web page. User can either use the application or the web page.