bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of a Sprayable Formulation of 1-Methylcyclopropene in Floriculture
Authors: Filios Polyxeni M. , Miller William B.
Published: November 2016

We conducted a series of studies to determine the efficacy of a sprayable formulation of 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP; AFxRD-038) to inhibit ethylene-mediated flower abscission in Impatiens walleriana. Exposing Impatiens plants to 1.0 μL·L−1 ethylene for 18 hours caused complete abscission of open flowers and most buds. Sprays of the novel 1-MCP formulation at concentrations >2.5 mg·L−1 protected plants from ethylene. At 5 and 10 mg·L−1, the efficacy of 1-MCP increased as spray volume increased from 102 mL·m−2 to 306 mL·m−2. 1-MCP was rainfast with no decrease in efficacy resulting from heavy overhead irrigation within 1–2 minutes of application. Prepared 1-MCP solutions (10 mg·L−1) remained effective up to 2 weeks after mixing if held in airtight containers. The sprayable 1-MCP formulation provided protection against exogenous ethylene for a maximum of 4 days and reduced stress-related abscission from 3 days of darkness (in the absence of exogenous ethylene) at 20 °C or 40 hours darkness at 28 °C.
5–7 metų vaikų dorinių vertybių raiška emociniu aspektu
Authors: Jasiūnaitė Placida
Published: November 2016

Šiandienos globaliame pasaulyje, vis labiau įsigalint sekuliarizmui ir neoliberalizmui, sparčiai transformuojasi kultūrinės vertybės, kurias sudaro ir asmens dorinės vertybės. Straipsnyje iškeliama dorinių vertybių ugdymo problema ikimokykliniame amžiuje. Žvelgiant į vaikystę kaip į asmens dorinės ir jo socioemocinės raidos pradžią, siekiama atkreipti dėmesį į 5–7 metų vaikų dorinių vertybių internalizacijos pradmenis. Kadangi šiame amžiuje dorinių vertybių internalizacija daugiausia pasireiškia elgesio ir emociniu lygmeniu, straipsnyje norima paanalizuoti 5–7 metų vaikų dorinių vertybių raišką emocinių išgyvenimų aspektu. Remiantis iš tėvų ir auklėtojų gautais empirinio tyrimo duomenimis, atskleidžiami šio amžiaus vaikams būdingi emociniai išgyvenimai ir jų ryšys su dorinėmis vertybėmis. Išryškinami kai kurie emocinių išgyvenimų skirtumai, priklausantys nuo vaiko lyties, gyvenamosios vietos ir ikimokyklinės įstaigos tipo; šie skirtumai lyginami su kai kuriais užsienio autorių tyrimų duomenimis.
Paauglių merginų požiūris į kūno vaizdinio ugdymą
Authors: Juodeikytė Viktorija , Norkus Andrius
Published: November 2016

Kūno vaizdinys – tai subjektyviai suvokiamas savojo kūno vaizdas, plačiausia prasme apibrėžiamas kaip „kūniškumo patirtis“, veikiama biologinių ir psichologinių žmogaus prigimties komponentų. Kūno vaizdinys laikomas svarbia savęs vertinimo ir psichinės sveikatos prielaida visais gyvenimo tarpsniais. Tyrimu siekiama atskleisti paauglių merginų kūno vaizdinį ir požiūrį į jo ugdymą mokykloje. Tyrimo rezultatai leidžia teigti, kad tik trečdalis merginų yra patenkintos savo išvaizda. Mokinių nuomone, mokykla iš esmės neprisideda prie mokinių sveiko požiūrio į savo kūną ugdymo. Dauguma tirtų merginų nežinojo apie galimybę rinktis modulį „Sveika gyvensena“. Kas antra paauglė yra suinteresuota, kad mokykloje būtų papildomų pamokų apie požiūrį į savo kūną.
Ikimokyklinio amžiaus vaikų mokėjimo mokytis ugdymo(si) reikšmingumas mokymosi visą gyvenimą kontekste
Authors: Stonkuvienė Goda
Published: November 2016

Šiuolaikiniame, vis labiau globalizacijos veikiamame pasaulyje žmogui būtina greitai prisitaikyti prie sparčiai besikeičiančių aplinkos sąlygų. Vykstantys pokyčiai skatina nuolatinį ir nenutrūkstamą visuomenės ir asmens tobulėjimo procesą. Norint užtikrinti, kad šis procesas vyktų sklandžiai, labai svarbios tampa mokymosi visą gyvenimą nuostatos. Kiekvienas žmogus turėtų sugebėti mokytis individualiai, analizuoti, reflektuoti savo patirtį, siekti profesinių žinių. Kad šis procesas būtų sistemingas ir nuoseklus, individui būtina gerai įvaldyti mokėjimo mokytis įgūdžius ir šiuos įgūdžius pradėti ugdyti jau ikimokykliniame amžiuje. Ikimokyklinio amžiaus prioritetas mokymosi mokytis visą gyvenimą kontekste išryškinamas daugelyje Europos Sąjungos dokumentų; tai akcentuojama ir šiandienos Lietuvoje parengtų dokumentų, apimančių ikimokyklinį ir priešmokyklinį ugdymą, tekstuose. Remiantis analizuotais Lietuvos švietimo politikos dokumentais galima teigti, jog tiesiogiai ikimokyklinio ugdymo etapas mokymosi mokytis kontekste menkai akcentuojamas, tačiau šio etapo reikšmingumą galima identifikuoti aptariant visų švietimo lygių svarbą, kai kalbama apie asmens poreikį ir mokėjimą mokytis visą gyvenimą. Atliktų Europos Sąjungos ir Lietuvos dokumentų analizė sudaro galimybę imtis išsamesnės mokėjimo mokytis ikimokykliniame ir (ar) priešmokykliniame ugdymo etape analizės teoriniu ir praktiniu lygmenimis, siekti kokybiškesnio mokėjimo mokytis ugdymo(si) įgyvendinimo.
Optimizing Resource Allocation in a Genomic Breeding Program for Perennial Ryegrass to Balance Genetic Gain, Cost, and Inbreeding
Authors: Lin Zibei , Wang Junping , Cogan Noel O.I. , Pembleton Luke W. , Badenhorst Pieter , Forster John W. , Spangenberg German C. , Hayes Ben J. , Daetwyler Hans D.
Published: November 2016

Genomic selection (GS) has been recognized as offering numerous potential benefits for ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) breeding. While the theoretical benefits of GS in ryegrass breeding are clear, the best way to apply GS in practical breeding programs remains to be determined. The present study aimed to investigate genomic breeding options that best balance genetic gain, breeding costs, and the level of inbreeding using stochastic simulation. Nine GS scenarios were tested, including different numbers of selection candidates (10,000, 5000, and 2000 F1 seedlings) and three reference population sizes for GS composed of plots representing a sward‐based trial (500, 200, and 100 plots). Low to moderate prediction accuracy was achieved for productivity traits across cycles (i.e., 0.1–0.45 for yield [h2 = 0.3]). Scenarios with larger reference populations (i.e., 500 plots) achieved higher prediction accuracy but, when considering field trial costs, were more expensive per unit of genetic gain. All nine GS scenarios delivered significantly higher genetic gain (up to fourfold) than the conventional breeding scenario over a 20‐yr period. Scenarios with moderate selection intensity on F1 seedlings with fewer plots tested in field gave the most genetic gain per dollar invested (i.e., 2000 or 5000 F1 seedlings and 100 plots). However, all GS scenarios reduced genetic diversity in the breeding population more than phenotypic selection, highlighting the need to mitigate inbreeding when applying GS in perennial ryegrass.
The Impact of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) on Teaching English to College Students
Authors: Hashemi Ali
Published: November 2016

Teaching in general and language teaching in particular has enormously changed through time. Language teaching, throughout the twentieth century, experienced massive changes and innovations to become more dynamic, active, and interactive. Language teaching in the twentieth century has witnessed diverse theories and trends which shaped language teaching based on needs, context, practicality, and availability of resources. Meanwhile, there has been the addition of information and communication technology (ICT) to the theories and methodologies mentioned. The Internet, in particular, is becoming an increasingly vital tool in our information society. In this research, which is a quasi-experimental study, we studied the effects of ICT on a sample of 55 EFL college students. The findings show that ICT enhances language learning experience and can act as an effective tool both for teaching and learning. The author hopes the current study makes its way into the education system both in high schools and universities and can persuade the teachers to integrate ICT and teaching.
Pre-service Teacher Training Programs in the Philippines: The Student-teachers Practicum Teaching Experience
Authors: Ulla Mark Bedoya
Published: November 2016

Pre-service teacher training is one of the most important aspects of every teacher’s education curriculum as it prepares student-teachers to become qualified teachers in the future. This paper explored the pre-service teacher training programs in the Philippines through the practicum experience of the 21 junior and senior BSEd and BA English student-teachers from a private university in Mindanao, Philippines. Data were taken from classroom observations, group interview, and modified questionnaire. The findings revealed that there was a different standard policy of pre-service teacher training programs for BSEd and BA English. While BSEd-English concentrated on developing professional teachers for secondary schools, BA-English focused on developing not just teachers but professionals with exceptional communication skills. The student-teachers also reported some challenges in practicum teaching; classroom management, teaching confidence, and lack of teaching resources. Some solutions to overcome the challenges were suggested.
EGYPT. AN UNKNOWN PORTCULLIS TYPE IS DISCOVERED IN THE BENT PYRAMID OF SNEFERU IN DUSHORE
Authors: Yaroschuk A. M.
Published: November 2016

The article analyzes the design and operation of the portcullis blocking the corridor in the Bent Pyramid. It proves that the drawing of an activated portcullis demonstrated by D. Perring in 1939 is wrong. Egyptologists have been making references to the drawing for many years. The author concludes that a new type of portcullis was activated in the attempt of the robbers to enter the pyramid.
THE TIME PERSPECTIVE IN DRUG ADDICTS AND ITS ROLE IN REHABILITATION
Authors: Koshelskaya T. V.
Published: November 2016

The paper presents the results of the phenomenological study focused on the time perspective in drug addicts. Phenomenological analysis of verbatim reports of group sessions, which were held at the rehabilitation center, allows one to reveal the following features of the time perspective in drug addicts: 1) disturbance in the chronological perspective; 2) disturbance in the meaning perspective; 3) disturbance in the specifics of time; and to show the part of this features in rehabilitation.
SELF-CONSCIOUSNESS OF MODERN PRIMOGENITORS (GRANDMOTHERS): PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECT
Authors: Kriger G. N.
Published: November 2016

The women who are carrying out the role of grandmothers were under study for the aim of their self-consciousness. The results of this research are presented in this article. The emphasis is placed on the self-image of today's grandmothers, identification of the feelings of subjective wellbeing prevailing at them and in allocation of the place of grandchildren in the structure of their consciousness. The article describes the results of empirical research which was aimed at studying the satisfaction with the "grandmother" role occupied in a family by women. There is also a description of self-assessment and structural characteristics of grandmothers’ self-consciousness. It was found that the image of today's grandmothers had changed and demonstrates satisfaction with themselves, their present life, their position in the family caused by the birth of grandchildren.
KNOWLEDGE WITHOUT CONSCIOUSNESS: RESEARCHES OF IMPLICIT LEARNING
Authors: Kryukova A. P.
Published: November 2016

The article presents a review of researches of implicit learning. This phenomenon is defined as knowledge which is mostly unconscious and difficultly verbalized but has a significant impact on cognitive activity. The aim of current analysis of scientific literature is the description of effects, the search of relevant study method. The results have shown both inconsistencies in experimental materials and lack of the conventional scientific explanation for implicit learning. The conclusion is that more relevant theory is necessary to create methods and to explain the data. The following way of study has been proposed: implicit learning should be understood as an indivisible process of an interaction between the conscious and the unconscious.
SLAVE NARRATIVES WRITTEN BY WOMEN: THE PROBLEM OF SELF-IDENTITY
Authors: Sapozhnikova Yu. I.
Published: November 2016

The article is dedicated to the comparative analysis of African American slave narratives written by women. The objective of the research is the issues of identity formation. To achieve this objective the following methods were used: contrastive-comparative method of stylistic analysis, motive analysis, biographical method. The interpretation of the texts under consideration enables us to come to the conclusion that the identity formation of the female personages of these texts occurs under the influence of their families and the cultural legacy of the whole community, the considered women writers pay special attention to the means of struggle of black women slaves for human dignity.
COGNITIVE MODEL OF HYPERTEXT
Authors: Shulginov V. A.
Published: November 2016

With digital technology, reading and writing manifest themselves as being extensively multi-sensory activity entailing perceptual, cognitive and motor interactions with digital text. The paper studies a cognitive model of an electronic hypertext, according to which the connectivity between documents has proven to play an important role in determining the communicative and cognitive activity of a certain user in it. For the analysis we collected RuNet links with high citation index and built the Corpus (2242 samples). We analyzed the links and found out that in most cases (>45 %) the topic of the document becomes the object of the author's reception. Links form a semantic network around the document and realize the bidirectional associative connection with the topic. We found out that besides the topic of the document, genre, tone of communication, spatio-temporal relationships in the structure of the electronic hypertext may also be the objects of the author's reception.
Valorization of the Vicia faba mucilage on textile wastewater treatment as a bio-flocculant: process development and optimization using response surface methodology (RSM)
Authors: Bouatay Feriel , Eljebsi Nesrine , Dridi-Dhaouadi Sonia , Mhenni Farouk
Published: November 2016

The Vicia faba membranes are an abundant and a low cost product. In the present research paper, the extracted Vicia faba mucilage was tested as an eco-friendly flocculant for textile wastewater treatment. Its performance as flocculant, in decolorization, chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal and the concentration of total suspended solids was checked. The natural extracted product was characterized using infrared spectroscopy. The total sugars were determined in the extracted product. The effect study, followed by an optimization and modeling analysis, of some experimental parameters on the coagulation–flocculation performance, using Vicia faba mucilage (as a flocculant), combined with aluminum sulfate (as a coagulant), showed that the best conditions for the flocculation process were pH of the effluent about 7, flocculant dose about 6.75 mg/L, flocculation mixing time about 3 min and flocculation mixing speed about 30 rpm, leading to a decolorization equal to 92.32%, COD removal of about 97.52% and total suspended solids of about 15.3 mg/L. A comparison study between the flocculation performance of commercial reagents and the bio-agent showed that the natural product presented a good flocculation performance.
ON-OBJECT GAIN PENALTY OF RFID TAGS MOUNTED ON CAR GLASS
Authors: Pineda Edwin , Pedraza César
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACTThis paper presents a study on the identification of main parameters involved in the on-object gain penalty for RFID Tags when are used over front glass of vehicles. We assess four variables with relevant importance over this penalty: Glass type, polarized film, polarization of the electromagnetic wave, and the tag type. The assessment is performed using experimental tests based in the Design of Experiment technique. From the results, a simplified model to determine the on-object gain penalty is developed.Key words.- ANOVA, DOE, Glass, On-object gain penalty, Penalty factor, Polarized film, RFID, Tag.RESUMENEste documento presenta un estudio sobre la identificación de los principales parámetros que intervienen en el factor de penalidad para Tags RFID cuando son instalados sobre el vidrio frontal de los vehículos. Evaluamos las cuatro variables con importancia relevante sobre este factor de penalidad: Tipo de vidrio, película polarizada, la polarización de la onda electromagnética, y el tipo de tag. La evaluación se realiza mediante pruebas experimentales basadas en la técnica de Diseño Experimental. A partir de los resultados, se logra obtener un modelo simplificado para determinar el factor de penalidad de acuerdo a las variables analizadas.Palabras clave.- ANOVA, DOE, Factor de penalidad, Película polarizada, Penalidad de ganancia en objetos, RFID, TAG, Vidrio.
Вплив імплантації NeuroGelTM в асоціації з ксеногенними стовбуровими клітинами кісткового мозку на відновлення рухової функції задньої кінцівки щура після спінальної травми
Authors: Tsymbaliuk V.I. , Medvediev V.V. , Rybachuk O.A. , Kozyavkin V.I. , Draguntsova N.G.
Published: November 2016

Мета — дослідити вплив імплантації NeuroGelTM в асоціації зі стовбуровими клітинами кісткового мозку (СККМ) на відновлення рухової функції задніх кінцівок щура після експериментальної травми спинного мозку. Матеріали та методи. Тварини — білі безпородні щури-самці (5 міс., 250 г); групи: 1-ша — травма спинного мозку (n = 16); 2-га — травма спинного мозку + гомотопічна імплантація фрагмента NeuroGelTM (n = 20); 3-тя — травма спинного мозку + гомотопічна імплантація фрагмента NeuroGelTM, асоційованого з ксеногенними СККМ миші (n = 16). Модель травми — лівобічний перетин половини спинного мозку на рівні Т11; термін спостереження — 28 тиж., оцінка показника функції задньої іпсилатеральної кінцівки (ПФ ЗІК) — за шкалою Basso — Beattie — Bresnahan. Результати. Ксенотрансплантація СККМ у комплексі з NeuroGelTM подовжує в часі, однак зменшує інтенсивність приросту ПФ ЗІК у гострому та ранньому періодах травматичного процесу, пролонгує фазу значимого збільшення ПФ ЗІК до 6-го місяця включно. У групі 1 значуще (р < 0,05) збільшення ПФ ЗІК спостерігали лише протягом 3–4-го тижня, у групі 2 — протягом 1–2-го та 5–6-го тижня експерименту, у групі 3 — протягом 1–2-го, 4–5-го та 8–24-го тижня. Станом на 28-й тиждень ПФ ЗІК у групі 1 становив 1,6 ± 0,5 бала, у групі 2 — 8,4 ± 0,9 бала, у групі 3 — 11,0 ± 1,5 бала за шкалою Basso — Beattie — Bresnahan. Значущу різницю ПФ ЗІК між групами 2 та 1 відмічали протягом 2–28-го тижня (р < 0,001), між групами 3 та 1 — протягом 1–28-го тижня (р ≤ 0,02). Максимальну різницю ПФ ЗІК між групами 3 та 2 на користь першої відмічали на 24-му тижні (р = 0,055). Висновок. Ксенотрансплантація СККМ змінює динаміку відновлення рухової функції паретичної кінцівки за умови імплантації NeuroGelTM, обумовлює тенденцію до потенціювання позитивного впливу матриксу на перебіг спінальної травми.
Лайм-бореліоз: сучасна проблема інфектології (клінічна лекція)
Authors: Popovych О.О.
Published: November 2016

У статті подано сучасні погляди на особливості етіології, епідеміології, патогенезу, клініки, діагностики, лікування та профілактики Лайм-бореліозу. Висвітлені невирішені проблеми моніторингу, діагностики та антибактеріальної терапії хвороби.
FORMULASI PANGAN DARURAT BERBENTUK FOOD BARS BERBASIS TEPUNG MILLET PUTIH (Panicum milliaceum L.) DAN TEPUNG KACANG MERAH (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)
Authors: Katri Anandito Raden Baskara , Siswanti Siswanti , Nurhartadi Edhi , Hapsari Rini
Published: November 2016

This study aimed to obtain a formula emergency food in the form food bars made from white millet flour and red bean flour. Foodbars made with Intermediate Moisture Food (IMF) technology with wet dyeing technique. This study used completely randomized design (CRD), which consists of a single factor, namely the variation formula white millet flour and red bean flour. The results showed that the formula food bars with the highest level of consumer acceptance in the composition of 15 g of white millet flour, red bean flour 10 g, 2 g sugar, 10 g margarine, milk full cream 13 g, 6.043 g and the addition of water. In 100 g of food bars contained water, ash, protein, fat, carbohydrate, and caloric value a respectively of 16.45%, 1.45%, 10.99%, 35.39%, 42.26%, 0 , 81 and 233.80 kcallbar.Keywords: Emergency food, food bars, red bean flour, white millet flour ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh formula pangan darurat berbentuk food bars berbahan dasar tepung millet putih dan tepung kacang merah. Food bars dibuat dengan teknologi Intermediate Moisture Food (IMF) dengan teknik pencelupan basah. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) yang terdiri dari satu faktor yaitu variasi formula tepung millet putih dan tepung kacang merah (15:10; 12,5:12,5; 10:15). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa formula food bars dengan tingkat penerimaan konsumen tertinggi pada komposisi tepung millet putih 15 g, tepung kacang merah 10 g, gula halus 2 g, margarine 10 g, susu full cream 13 g, dan penambahan air 6,043 g. Dalam 100 g food bars terkandung air, abu, protein, lemak, karbohidrat nilai a  dan kalori berturut-turut sebesar 16,45%,1,45%, 10,99%, 35,39%, 42,26%, 0,81 dan 233,80 kkallbar.Kata kunci: Food bars, pangan darurat, tepung kacang merah, tepung millet putih
PEMANFAATAN FRAKSI KAYA ASAM LAURAT HASIL HIDROLISIS DARI ENDOSPERM KELAPA MENGGUNAKAN LIPASE ENDOGENEUS SEBAGAI PENGAWET SUSU KEDELAI KEMASAN (Utilization of High Lauric Fraction that Produced from Coconut Endosperm Using Lipase Endogenous as Preservation of Soybean Milk Packaging)
Authors: Su'i Moh. , Sumaryati Enny , Sucahyono Dani Dwi
Published: November 2016

Results of previous studies show that the high lauric fraction isolated from coconut endosperm is able to inhibit pathogenic and non-pathogenic bacteria. This research aims to study the addition of high lauric fraction that hydrolysed of coconut endosperm of the storability of soy milk packaging. High lauric fraction isolated from coconut milk, then the fraction analized of the fatty acid composition with gas chromatography (GC) and then used as a preservative soy milk. The fraction is added to the soy milk with concentrations of 0, 10, 15 and 20%, then stored for 3 days. Every day is observed until soy milk damaged. The results showed that the fraction isolated from coconut milk contains 50.45% lauric acid, 17.52% myristic acid, 7.02% palmitic acid, 6.46% capric acid, 5.52% caprylic acid, 5.12% linoleic acid, 1.89% oleic acid, and 0.11% caproic acid. The addition of lauric acid-rich fraction of 20% were able to preserve soy milk for 2 days with a total microbe 1.00 x 104 cfu/ml, free fatty acids 0.12 m mol/ml, pH 5.05 and a balanced aroma 4 (nice).Keywords: Coconut, lauric acid, soy milk, storageABSTRAKHasil penelitian sebelumnya menunjukkan bahwa fraksi kaya asam laurat hasil isolasi dari endosperm kelapa mampu menghambat bakteri patogen dan non patogen. Penelitian ini bertujuan mempelajari penambahan fraksi kaya asam laurat hasil hidrolisis dari endosperm kelapa terhadap daya simpan susu kedelai kemasan. Fraksi yang kaya asam laurat diisolasi dari santan kelapa kemudian fraksi tersebut diuji komposisi asam lemaknya menggunakan chromatografi gas (GC) dan selanjutnya digunakan sebagai bahan pengawet susu kedelai. Fraksi kaya asam laurat ditambahkan ke dalam susu kedelai dengan konsentrasi 0, 10, 15 dan 20%, kemudian disimpan selama 3 hari. Setiap hari dilakukan pengamatan hingga susu mengalami kerusakan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa fraksi hasil isolasi dari santan kelapa mengandung asam laurat 50,45%, asam miristat 17,52%, asam palmitat 7,02%, asam kaprat 6,46%, asam kaprilat 5,52%, asam linoleat 5,12%, asam oleat 1,89% dan asam kaproat 0,11%. Penambahan fraksi kaya asam laurat sebesar 20% mampu mengawetkan susu kedelai selama 2 hari dengan total mikroba 1,00 x 104 cfu/ml, asam lemak bebas 0,12 m mol/ml, pH 5,05 dan skor aroma 4 (menyukai).Kata kunci: Kelapa, asam laurat, susu kedelai, penyimpanan
OPTIMASI MEDIA FERMENTASI Aspergillus oryzae, PENGHASIL ANTIJAMUR PATOGEN BUAH KAKAO Phytophthora palmivora Fermentation Medium Optimization of Aspergillus oryzae, Antifungals Producer for Cacao Pathogen Phytophthora palmivora
Authors: Rahma Rizka Aulia , Widjanarko Simon Bambang , Sunaryanto Rofiq , Yunianta Yunianta
Published: November 2016

Indonesia was known as a producer and exporter of cacao, but nowadays Indonesia had an issue in cacao production caused by microorganisms (Phytophtora palmivora) that capable of reducing the amount of cacao production each year. This study follows up a previous study that had found compounds that are actively against at Phytophtora palmivora from Aspergillus oryzae metabolites. In this study the compound will be produced in greater numbers to optimize fermentation medium. The first stage was conducted to determine the profile of the active compound and to analyze the best carbon, nitrogen source for Aspergillus oryzae fermentation medium. The second stage was designed by using Response Surface Method (RSM) with Central Composite Design (CCD) to optimize two variables in the fermentation medium, glucose concentration (the best carbon source) and the concentration of peptone (best nitrogen source). The expected response was the most active compounds percentage of the area. Data analysis was performed by Design Expert DX 7.1.5 program. The first stage of this study presumed that Tenuazonic acid compounds with a molecular weight of 198.1126 gram.mol was an antifungal compound produced by Aspergillus oryzae fungus to prevent Phythopthora palmivora fungus pathogens cacao pods. In addition the results are that glucose was the best carbon source (mean % relative area of  antifungal compounds: 85.39%) and that peptone was selected as the best source of nitrogen (mean % relative area of  antifungal compounds: 91.07%). The second stage showed the optimum conditions of fermentation medium antifungal Aspergillus oryzae was the composition of glucose 35.25 g/L and peptone 16.7 g/L. The combination of both compositions would yield a mean response of laboratory data % relative area of antifungal compounds 91.2217% and the estimated value (prediction) by Design Expert models 92.2936%. Difference in the estimated values (the response of the model) to the value of the results of response in laboratory experiments at 1.1614%, then it could be concluded that the model used was appropriate and able to explain the applied experimentaldata.-1Kata kunci: Cacao, Aspergillus oryzae, Phytophtora palmivora, active compound, optimization of fermentation medium, Response Surface Method (RSM)
REDUKSI PEMBOROSAN UNTUK PERBAIKAN VALUE STREAM PRODUKSI “MI LETHEK” MENGGUNAKAN PENDEKATAN LEAN MANUFACTURING (Waste Reduction to Improve Value Stream of “Mi Lethek” Production Using Lean Manufacturing Approach)
Authors: Nugroho Aditya , Ainuri Makhmudun , Khuriyari Nafis
Published: November 2016

“Mi Lethek” industry is an industry that produce dry noodles. In the production process of “Mi Lethek” industry, unnecessary inventory and excessive transportation. To reduce that waste, lean manufacturing approach is required. industry was 12,05%. The recommendations for increase PCE are relayouting the plant and change the order schedulingof raw materials. These recommendations could increase PCE score  to 15,68 %.Keywords: Waste, value stream, “Mi Lethek”, lean manufacturing ABSTRAK Industri “Mi Lethek” merupakan industri yang menghasilkan produk berupa mi kering berbahan baku tepung tapioka. Pada proses pengolahan mi di industri “Mi Lethek”, terdapat berbagai pemborosan () yang dapat merugikan industri. Diantara pemborosan yang terjadi berupa persediaan bahan baku yang belum diperlukan dan transportasi berlebih. Untuk mereduksi pemborosan tersebut diperlukan suatu perbaikan pada   menggunakan pendekatan . Pendekatan aktivitas yang ada pada industri “Mi Lethek”. Aktivitas-aktivitas tersebut kemudian digolongkan menjadi dua jenis aktivitas, yaitu aktivitas yang memberikan nilai tambah dan aktivitas yang tidak memberikan nilai tambah. Waktu dari masing-masing aktivitas tersebut yang selanjutnya digunakan untuk menghitung nilai (PCE). nilai pada produk dibandingkan total waktu yang digunakan produk selama dalam proses. Berdasarkan penelitian yang telah dilakukan, didapatkan nilai PCE awal dari industri “Mi Lethek” sebesar 12,05 %Perbaikan yang dilakukan ialah dengan mengubah tata letak pabrik dan melakukan perbaikan penjadwalan pemesanan bahan baku. Hasil perbaikan tersebut berhasil meningkatkan nilai PCE menjadi  15,68 %.Kata kunci: Pemborosan, “Mi Lethek”
PENGARUH PERBEDAAN WARNA PIGMEN BERAS ORGANIK TERHADAP AKTIVITAS ANTIOKSIDAN
Authors: Sri Widyawati Paini , Maya Suteja Anita , Putut Suseno Thomas Indarto , Monica Pricilia , Saputrajaya William , Liguori Christian
Published: November 2016

Organic Rices, such as Jasmine variety white organic rice, Saodah variety red organic rice, and Java variety black organic rice, are many cultivated by farmer in Indonesia, especially Sleman area, DI Yogyakarta. The potency of three varieties of organic rice as antioxidant source hasn’t been studied. Therefore this research was done to know the effect of pigment color difference in three varieties of organic rice on antioxidant activity, especially 1,1-diphenyl-2- pycrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity and ion reducing power. The results showed that Saodah variety red organic rice had the highest antioxidant potency because it had the highest total phenol and total flavonoid, 37.93 mg GAE/g sample dry base and 0.85 mg CE/g sample dry base, respectively. However Saodah variety red organic rice had total anthocyanin lower than that of Java variety black organic rice, 0.0025 mg/g sample dry base and 0.024 mg/g sample dry base, respectively. Anthocyanin compounds identified in three varieties of organic rice were cyanidine-3-glucoside at 32 minute time retention and peonidine -3-glucoside at 37 minute time retention. 1,1-diphenyl-2-pycrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity and ion reducing power of Saodah variety red organic rice were the highest, 0.90 mg equivalent vitamin E/g sample dry base and 278.28 mg equivalent vitamin E/g sample dry base, respectively.Keywords: Pigment, organic rice, antioxidant activity ABSTRAKBeras organik, meliputi beras putih varietas Jasmine, merah varietas Saodah, dan hitam varietas Jawa, banyak dibudidayakan oleh masyarakat di Indonesia, terutama daerah Sleman, D.I. Yogyakarta. Potensi ketiga jenis beras tersebut sebagai sumber antioksidan belum banyak dikaji. Oleh karena itu penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui pengaruh perbedaan pigmen pada ketiga jenis beras organik tersebut terhadap aktivitas antioksidan, khususnya kemampuan menangkap radikal bebas 2,2-difenil-1-pikrilhidrasil (DPPH) dan mereduksi ion besi. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa beras organik merah varietas Saodah paling berpotensi sebagai sumber antioksidan. Hal ini ditunjukkan dengan total fenol dan total flavonoid beras merah tertinggi dibandingkan kedua beras yang lain, masing-masing sebesar 37,93 mg GAE/g sampel db dan 0,85 mg CE/g sampel db. Meskipun beras organik merah mempunyai total antosianin (0,0025 mg/g sampel db) lebih rendah dari beras organik hitam (0,024 mg/g sampel db). Jenis senyawa antosianin yang terdeteksi pada ketiga jenis organik ini adalah sianidin-3-glukosida yang terdeteksi pada waktu retensi 32 menit dan peonidin-3-glukosida dengan waktu retensi 37 menit. Kemampuan menangkap radikal bebas DPPH dan kemampuan mereduksi ion besi beras organik merah tertinggi, masing-masing sebesar 0,90 mg ekuivalen vit E/g sampel db dan278,28 mg ekuivalen vit E/g sampel db.Kata kunci: Pigmen, beras organik, aktivitas antioksidan
SIFAT ANTAGONISTIK Lactobacillus sp B441 DAN II442 ASAL TEMPOYAK TERHADAP Staphylococcus aureus (Antagonism of Lactobacillus sp B441 and II442 from Tempoyak against Staphylococcus aureus)
Authors: Widowati Tri Wardani , Hamzah Basuni , Wijaya Agus , Pambayun Rindit
Published: November 2016

Lactobacillus sp B441 and II442 were species of lactic acid bacteria isolated from tempoyak, a kind of food fermented made from durian flesh. Staphylococcus aureus is a pathogenic bacteria that has natural habitat on the surface of human body such as on the skin and in mucous membranes like the nose. Contamination of Staphylococcus aureuswas a risk factor in tempoyak fermentation, especially, during taking the durian flesh from seeds. The aim of this research was to observe antagonistic property of Lactobacillus sp B441 and II442 isolated from tempoyak during low temperature fermentation against Staphylococcus aureus. Phenotypic identification using API 50 CHL test kit indicatedthat isolates were Lactobacullus plantarum B441 and Lactobacillus plantarum II442. Based on co-culture analysis show that isolates of Lactobacillus plantarum B441 and II442 have bactericidal effect against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 as a indicator of pathogenic bacteria. At 25 th hours, population of Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 in mix-culture with Lactobacillus plantarum B441 and Lactobacillus plantarum II442 decreased 3 – 4 log cycle from initial population. However, population of Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 in mono-culture increased 2 log cycles at 25 th hours. Keywords: Lactobacillus sp, tempoyak, antagonism, Staphylococcus aureus ABSTRAKLactobacillus sp B441 dan II442 merupakan spesies bakteri asam laktat yang diisolasi dari tempoyak yaitu makanan fermentasi dari daging buah durian. Staphylococcus aureus adalah bakteri patogenik yang habitat alaminya pada permukaan kulit manusia dan membran mukosa seperti hidung. Proses fermentasi tempoyak khususnya saat pemisahandaging buah durian dari bijinya beresiko terkontaminasi oleh Staphylococcus aureus. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengkaji sifat antagonistik dari Lactobacillus sp B441 and II442 yang diisolasi dari tempoyak terhadap Staphylococcus aureus. Identifikasi secara fenotif menggunakan API 50 CHL test kit menunjukkan bahwa isolat bakteri asam laktat tersebut adalah Lactobacullus plantarum B441 dan Lactobacillus plantarum II442. Berdasar uji co-culture diketahuibahwa kedua spesies tersebut mempunyai efek bakterisidal terhadap bakteri Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923. Pada jam ke 25 Staphylococcus aureus yang ditumbuhkan secara mix-culture dengan Lactobacillus plantarum B441 dan Lactobacillus plantarum II442 asal tempoyak turun 3 – 4 log cycle dari populasi awal. Sedangkan populasiStaphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 secara mono-culture meningkat sekitar 2 log cycle pada jam ke 25.Kata kunci: Lactobacillus sp, tempoyak, antaginistik, Staphylococcus aureus
KAJIAN TEKNIS-EKONOMIS ALAT PENGERING PATI SAGU MODEL CROSS FLOW VIBRO FLUIDIZED BED (Study on Technical-Economic of Sago Starch Dryer Model of Cross Flow Vibro Fluidized Bed)
Authors: Jading Abadi , Payung Paulus , Reniana Reniana
Published: November 2016

The purpose of this research was to evaluate performance of vibro cross flow fluidized bed dryer using biomass fuel for drying sago starch. The phase of research were evaluation of dryer heated by a biomass stove using coconut shell as a fuel and observation of the drying temperature, moisture content, drying time, energy analysis, and drying effiviency, as well as calculation of its economic analysis. The dryer has dimension of 200x50x1500 cm for length, width, hight, respectively, and working capacity of 35kg/process. The results showed that biomass fuel consumption for drying sago starch for 7 hours was 12740,00 MJ (70 kg/process) and electricity consumption for blower and vibrator was 37,80 MJ. Furthermore, the dryer reduced moisture content of sago starch from 42% (wb) to 12% (wb) with temperature in the vibrator chamber of 40-60 oC and relative humidity of 50%, as well as ambient temperature of 30 3C and drying efficiency of 46,02%. Economic analysis showed that the dryer had NPV of Rp. 16.002.858, BCR of 1,53, IRR of 35%, and PBP of 3,51 years.Keywords: Cross flow, vibro fluidized bed dryer, biomass stoves, sago starch, financial analysis ABSTRAKTujuan penelitian ini adalah melakukan pengujian terhadap alat pengering pati berbasis sagu model cross flow vibrofluidized bed bertenaga biomassa. Tahapan penelitian meliputi pengujian alat pengering menggunakan tungku biomassa berbahan bakar tempurung kelapa dengan melakukan pengamatan suhu selama pengeringan, penurunan kadar air, waktu pengeringan, kebutuhan energi, efisiensi pengering, dan analisis finansial. Konstruksi alat pengering pati sagu model vibro fluidized bed bertenaga biomassa berukuran panjang, lebar dan tinggi masing-masing (200x50x1500) cm, serta memiliki daya tampung atau kapasitas maksimum pati sagu basah 35 kg/proses. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa alat pengering ini mampu mengeringkan pati sagu selama 7 jam, dengan konsumsi bahan bakar tempurung kelapa sebanyak 70 kg/proses (1274MJ), kebutuhan daya listrik untuk tenaga blower dan vibrator(37,80 MJ), serta mampu menurunkan kadar air pati sagu dari 42%bb menjadi 12%bb dengan suhu dalam ruang vibrator adalah 40-60 oC, RH 50%, suhu lingkungan 30C dan efisiensi pemanasan (pengeringan) 46,02%.Hasil analisis finansial menunjukan bahwa investasi alat pengering vibro fluidized bedsangat layak dilaksanakan berdasarkan kriteria NPV = Rp. 16.002.858, BCR= 1,53, IRR= 35%, dan PBP tertutupi setelah 3,51 tahun. Kata kunci: Aliran silang, vibro fluidized bed dryer, tungku biomassa, pati sagu, analisis finansial
OPTIMASI FERMENTASI BAGAS TEBU OLEH Zymomonas mobilis CP4 (NRRL B-14023) UNTUK PRODUKSI BIOETANOL (Optimization of Sugarcane Bagasse Fermentation by Zymomonas mobilis CP4 (NRRL B-14023) for Bioethanol Production)
Authors: Ernes Atmiral , Ratnawati Lia , Wardani Agustin Krisna , Kusnadi Joni
Published: November 2016

Second generation bioethanol can be produced from fermentation of natural renewable materials, such as agricultural crops, as well as from industrial and domestic waste. The present study was aimed to optimize the fermentation process (inoculum concentration, urea concentration, and fermentation time) for ethanol production from sugarcane bagasse byZymomonas mobilis CP4 using response surface methodology (RSM) central composite experimental design (CCD). The RSM model predicted the optimum value of ethanol content was 1.257% (v/v) at inoculum concentration 15% (v/v), urea concentration 0.3% (w/v), and fermentation time 45 h. Based on the experiment, the ethanol concentrationwas 1.213% (v/v), which was in close agreement with the predicted value. Ethanol yield of this experiment was 0.479 with fermentation efﬁ ciency of 93.9%. The results presented here proved a signiﬁ cant contribution of Z. mobilis CP4 to the production of bioethanol from sugarcane bagasse.Keywords: Bioethanol, sugarcane bagasse, Zymomonas mobilis CP4, fermentation optimization ABSTRAKBioetanol generasi kedua dapat diproduksi dari fermentasi bahan terbarukan, seperti produk hasil pertanian, dan limbah atau hasil samping pengolahan industri dan rumah tangga. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah optimasi parameter fermentasi yang meliputi konsentrasi inokulum, konsentrasi urea, dan lama fermentasi untuk produksi etanol dari bagas tebu oleh Zymomonas mobilis CP4 dengan menggunakan response surface methodology (RSM) central composite experimental design (CCD). Kondisi respon yang optimal berdasarkan prediksi model diperoleh pada konsentrasi inokulum 15% (v/v), konsentrasi urea 0,3% (b/v), dan lama fermentasi 45 jam, dengan prediksi respon kadar etanol sebesar 1,257%(v/v). Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, kadar etanol optimal diperoleh sebesar 1,213% (v/v), yang menunjukkan hasil yang tidak berbeda jauh dengan prediksi model. Yield etanol yang diperoleh sebesar 0,479 dengan eﬁ siensi fermentasi 93,9%. Hasil penelitian ini membuktikan bahwa strain bakteri Zymomonas mobilis CP4 memiliki potensi yang cukup menjanjikan sebagai mikroba penghasil etanol.Kata kunci: Bioetanol, bagas tebu, Zymomonas mobilis CP4, optimasi fermentasi
Women, the Informal Economy and the State in Lesotho
Authors: Chingono Mark
Published: November 2016

Poor women in Lesotho endure a triple jeopardy of exploitation by patriarchy, capitalism and the state. To escape from this jeopardy increasing numbers of poor women are entering the informal economy, which is increasingly becoming the major dynamic and expanding sector of the economy. Becoming informal entrepreneurs has not only financially empowered women, but has also subverted traditional patriarchal gender power relations. This paper, based on a critical field survey, considers the experience of women in the informal sector, changes in gender and class relations and the contribution of the informal economy to national development. The paper shows that the informal economy is a contested terrain in which kinship values of the economy of affection coexist in dynamic tension with those of primitive capitalism, and that the patriarchal and weak state is the major obstacle to poor women’s emancipation. It concludes that, since the informal economy is the only vehicle for poor women’s empowerment, policy must optimize the benefits of the informal sector while limiting its excesses.
Las metamorfosis de la apologética en el pensamiento teológico de Paul Tillich.
Authors: Mathot Benoit
Published: November 2016

The notion of apologetics crosses Paul Tillich’s theological work throughout. First considered under the angle of “atack”, the notion evolves to be understood as a response to the questions and interpellations directed to theology. In this paper, we will follow the historical evolution of apologetics, from Tillich’s teenage writings (1913) and his frst German lessons (1919-1933) to his great American work on systematic theology (1951). During this journey, we will also underline how the Tillichian position always looked for seting apart from the Barthian position. Finally, we will fnish with some current considerations about the notion of apologetics.
Graham Greene y sus agentes secretos.
Authors: Franken Kurzen Clemens
Published: November 2016

This paper deals with the literary world of Graham Greene’s work who, with suspense and police terror, adventures, intrigue, and persecutions leads us to the supernatural world of sin and grace. It is not only a novel for entertainment, but the work of an author that has been able to show, from the police genre, the close relation between his real life as a spy and his creative work as a novelist. So, a question arises, Was Greene a novelist and also a spy? Or was his literary career the perfect screen for his main activity as a spy?
Morphometric characteristics of TGF-β1-positive cells of fetal rat brain in vitro
Authors: Liubich L. , Lisyany M. , Malysheva T. , Semenova V. , Staino L. , Vaslovich V.
Published: November 2016

One of the directions of cell therapy being developed for brain gliomas is the use of the neurogenic stem and progenitor cells (NSCs/NPCs). There are data on the anti-tumor and immunomodulating properties of the NSCs/NPCs the mechanisms of which were not disclosed yet. One of the potential targets for tumor therapy is the transforming growth factor β (TGF-β1) which is thought to be one of the key molecules in the regulation of proliferation, differentiation and cell survival or apoptosis. In the view of available information about the possibility of TGF-β1 production by the mammalian multipotent NSCs/NPCs, the aim of this work was to study the TGF-β1-positive cells in the dynamics of cultivation of fetal brain neurogenic cells as a potential source of anti-tumor or immunomodulating effects of these cells.Material and methods. The fetal rat brain cells on 14th (E14) day of gestation were used as the source for cultivation in standard conditions (DМЕМ + 1 % fetal bovine serum) and studied on the 2nd and 37thday by morphometry and immunocytochemistry.Results. In the fetal rat brain cell cultures, the TGF-β1-positive cells made 22.04 ± 2.33 % and the nestin-positive cells made 49.16 ± 10.60 % of the total cells number. The morphometric parameters of TGF-β1-positive cells exceeded the corresponding values of negative cells (average values of cross-sectional areas of the cytoplasm, cross-sectional areas of the nucleus, nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio). During cultivation the relative amount of TGF-β1-positive cells was slightly decreased 15.27 ± 9.80 % (p = 0.7) and their sizes were increased. On the 37th day of cultivation the sizes of TGF-β1-positive and their nuclei were smaller in the comparison with the TGF-β1-negative cells.Conclusions. The presence of TGF-β1 expression by part of neurogenic cells of fetal rat brain (E14) in vitro was found, which persisted throughout cultivation (~5 weeks). Significant quantitative differences of morphometric parameters of TGF-β1-positive and negative cells were detected.
Potentiation of directed osteogenic differentiation of thymic multipotent stromal cells by prior co-cultivation with thymocytes
Authors: Nikolskiy I. , Nikolskaya V. , Demchenko D. , Zubov D.
Published: November 2016

It is known that multipotent stromal cells (MSCs) and thymocytes possess membrane affinity and interaction in the thymic niches that is essentially important for thymocytes differentiation. However there are no data about possible influence of intercellular contacts in the reverse direction: from the thymocytes to the MSCs.Materials and methods. The MSCs were obtained from the thymuses of С57ВL mice, using the explants technique, and cultivated under standard conditions during 8-12 passages. Thymocytes or bone marrow cells (106) were added to 4×104 MSCs for 24 hours. Thereafter they were eliminated and standard culture medium was changed by osteogenic or adipogenic differentiation medium and cultured during 10 days. After fixation the cells were stained by 1 % alizarin red S solution or 0.2 % solution of oil red О respectively. After extraction of the stains with 10 % acetic acid or isopropyl alcohol the optic density of extracts at 520 nm was measured.Results. We found that thymic multipotent stromal cells of the C57BL mice were effectively differentiated in vitro into the osteogenic and adipogenic lineages in the appropriate differentiation media that was evidenced by alizarin red and oil red staining of cell cultures. According to the results of measurement of optic density of the dye extracts, it was found that effectiveness of thymic MSCs differentiation into the osteogenic lineage after prior short-term co-cultivation with the thymocytes is increased.Conclusions. The contact of thymic stromal cells with thymocytes but not with bone marrow cells in the previous 24 hours potentiates the osteogenic differentiation and has no effect on the adipogenic cells maturation.
A novel model of periventricular leukomalacia on mouse organotypic brain slice culture
Authors: Tsupykov O. , Lushnikova I. , Nikandrova Y. , Yatsenko K. , Ustymenko A. , Kyryk V. , Butenko G. , Skybo G.
Published: November 2016

The creation of adequate in vitro and in vivo models of neural tissue injury is essential to assess the therapeutic effect of pharmacological agents and regenerative potential of various types of stem cells in diseases of the central nervous system. The aim of this work was to create a novel model of cerebral white matter lesions – periventricular leukomalacia (PVL) – on murine organotypic brain slice culture.Materials and methods. The PVL model was developed on cultured organotypic mice brain slices subjected to oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) followed by addition of endotoxin lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in the culture medium. To analyze the degree of tissue injury within PVL simulation, we used spectrophotometric method for estimation of cytosolic enzyme lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in the culture medium and immunohistochemical analysis of the slices using antibodies to Rip, GFAP and Iba-1 protein markers of oligodendrocyte, astroglia and microglia, respectively.Results. It was shown that the combined effect of OGD and lipopolysaccharide resulted in a significant release of the cytosolic enzyme LDH in culture medium, decrease of Rip-immunoreactivity and a pronounced reactive astro- and microgliosis in murine organotypic brain slice culture.Conclusions. Our model of PVL developed on cultured organotypic mice brain slices is novel and promising tool to study pathogenic mechanisms of cerebral white matter lesions and ways of neuroprotection in this pathology, including pharmacological agents and transplantation of stem cells.