bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Enhanced Light Extraction Efficiency (LEE) of GaN-based LED Die through Substrate Side Surface Grooving
Authors: Chandran H. , Poopalan P.
Published: July 2021

High refractive index difference between GaN-based light-emitting diode (LED) die material and surrounding medium causes low light extraction efficiency. Introduction of surface grooves to sapphire substrate side surfaces improves the light extraction efficiency of GaN-based LED die6 by altering the normal for the impinging light rays inside the substrate layer. Comparison of light output power given out by GaN-based LED die with grooved sapphire substrate and un-grooved sapphire substrate were studied using ray-tracing simulation. Three types of surface grooves at different aspect ratios were simulated which includes elliptical groove, triangular groove and rectangular groove. Based on the results obtained, GaN-based LED die with elliptically grooved sapphire substrate gives the best enhancement in light output power by 121.2426% compared to an un-grooved GaN-based LED die at an aspect ratio of 0.05. Surface grooves with curvature or angled plane gives a better enhancement in light extraction efficiency compared to a flat surface.
Watermarking Scheme for using YCbCr Based On 2-Level DWT
Authors: Adnan Myasar Mundher , Mashagba Hamza A. , Alfilh Raed , Aljawaheri Karrar , Jaafarz Alaa , Hammood Dalal Abdulmohsin , Alkhayyat Ahmed , Rahim Hasliza A
Published: July 2021

Multimedia data for both personal and commercial purposes is now accessible to everyone due to the rapid development of the Internet. Consequently, the issue of copyright protection has surfaced and has triggered the development of several techniques for multimedia copyright protection. Such techniques include digital watermarking in which the important information contained in the host media is concealed by embedment in carriers such as images, videos, or audios. In this paper, the adaptive color image watermarking technique is proposed for the satisfaction of both imperceptibility and robustness demands. There are two main stages involved in this technique – coding/embedding and decoding/extraction. Prior to the coding stage, imperceptibility and robustness are preserved by first converting the host image from RGB to YCbCr color space before selecting the Cb component to apply the DWT embedding technique. Once more, the selected quadrant of the hosted image is decomposed using DWT before extracting the watermarked image. The robustness and efficiency of this technique were proved by exposing the watermarked image to six types of attacks, namely Median filter, Gaussian noise, Sharpening filter, Salt & Pepper Noise, JPEG Compression, and Rotation. The results of the study were benchmarked against other methods that deploy DST on the same images. From the benchmarking process, the proposed algorithm was found to withstand the six types of attacks earlier mentioned and achieved a better performance compared to the DST approach. The quality of the watermarked image was also preserved in the proposed method.
Design and Performance Thulium Doped Fiber Amplifier in Optical Telecommunication Networks
Authors: Lateef Zina Abdul , al-azzwi Fatima faydhe , Saud Ibrahim Majida
Published: July 2021

Thulium-doped optical Fiber enhancers (TDFA) are advanced to cover the optical media transmission Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM) information transmission in the envisioned the band (800-1800 nm) with up to 6.5dB increment and noise figure as low as 2.6 dB. We existing the first in-band diode-siphoned thulium-doped fiber amplifier (TDFAs) operational in the wavelength locale and test their appropriateness as high request enhancers in possible coming media transmission frameworks.
Study the Effect of Concentration on the Evolution of Far-Field Diffraction Patterns of Bromocresol Purple and Congo Red Solution
Authors: Badran Hussain Ali , Abbas Abu Talib Y. , Fakher Alfahed R. K.
Published: July 2021

Experimental evolution of the diffraction pattern of Bromocresol Purple (BCP) and Congo Red (COGR) Solutions, by diffraction ring technique under CW laser illumination is present. The two azo dyes, COGR dye and COGR dye, were studied for their absorbance spectra, as well as the diffraction rings experimental. The measurement rings were performed when the incident beam propagates through a quartz cell containing dye. Many diffraction rings were observed on the sensitive screen. Among the results we obtained are the diffraction rings at 0.07mM concentration, where the number of rings was 4 at the power of the 50 mW laser beam for the Bromocresol dye and three rings in the congo red dye. The nonlinear refractive index for the Bromocresol dye and congo red dye are found to be in the order of 0.11×10−8 cm2/Watt, 3.093×10−8 cm2/Watt, respectively.The efficiency of the ring pattern was found to depend on the concentration of the dye and the power of the laser.
Entropy and Stress-Strength Model of Lower Order Statistic of Doubly Truncated Inverted Gamma Distribution
Authors: Abid Salah H. , Kadhim Fadhl J.
Published: July 2021

Interest in phenomena is one of the most prominent scientific concerns of humans in general, and researchers and scientists in particular. From this standpoint came the interest to derive new probability distributions for representing the actual data taken from those phenomena more flexibly. In this paper, we present the distribution of lower order statistic from doubly truncated Inverted Gamma distribution (LOSDTIGD). The rth raw moments function form derives for new density. Stress-strength reliability, Shannon and relative entropies have also been discussed.
Plasma – Assisted Growth of MnO2 Nanostructures for Sensing Application
Authors: Al.amery Muzahim A. A. , Najat A.Dahham Asmiet Ramizy
Published: July 2021

The limited research based on the prepare of a MnO2 gas sensor on silicon and the testing of its sensitivity to targeted gases such as the CO2 gas adopted in this work has led us to prepare and prepare such important sensors in human daily life. Initially, three different co2 concentrations were selected: (1.49ppm, 5.8ppm, 21.8ppm) we found that the best allergic (S = 98.28) was from the focus share (21.8ppm). This focus was worked and we also studied the amount of allergic to different temperatures 50.10° and the response time and recovery time were set for both thermal degrees, the best sensitivity was (97.22) for the sensitivity of the gas manufactured from porous silicon at a temperature (100°) C) With a short response time of (10.21sec) and a shorter recovery time at (9.1sec) all this work after the thin membrane was deposited on a slice of porous silicon type n and performed visual tests represented by UV-vis that showed that emissions occurred in the region Ultraviolet close to the electromagnetic spectrum and the optical energy gap was identified using this technique was equivalent to 3.88eV. The photosynthesis technology showed a clear peak at 324nm wavelength. There was a significant convergence in the amount of the optical energy gap calculated by this technique of 3.73nm compared to the value of the optical power gap resulting from UV-vis, which was equal to 3.88eV. The results of the Raman spectroscopy test confirmed the acquisition of the thin four-angle MnO2 membranes resulting from the vibration of one type of atoms, as the displacement of Raman appeared at the highest intensity corresponding to the wavenumber of these thin membranes 512cm-1. The synthetic examinations represented by both the atomic force microscope for the study of the topography of the thin membrane recorded proved that the thin membrane is characterized by high roughness and granular vertical growth, and the square root of the square of the average roughness square has been calculated, granular volume rate 30.68nm, deviation 6.768nm, increase in surface area 4.446nm, surface thickness 46.78nm and this large surface roughness of the membrane surface has increased the sensitivity of the gas sensor. Then came the role of using FESEM technicians, the results of which came after the tests that the membrane is characterized by the dense random and compressed distribution of semi-spherical nanoparticles and a nanosize rate of about 33.58nm using ImageJ. Finally, the pattern of x-ray diffraction that the membrane formed with a quadruple-angle, monolithic and high-crystallization composition, the degree of crystallization was 70.25, and the granular size was found according to Shearer’s image from the pattern data of the pattern of the dehydration has been calculated and is equivalent to 31.81nm.
Modified Chimp Optimization Algorithm Based On Classical Conjugate Gradient Methods
Authors: Abdul Jabbar Noor Maan , Mitras Ban Ahmed
Published: July 2021

In this paper, a new hybrid algorithm was proposed for the chimp algorithm using another traditional efficient algorithm called the Conjugate Gradient Algorithm called (CGA). The algorithm CG works to optimize the randomly created elementary community as the basic community of chimp optimization algorithms by using the characteristic traditional algorithm above. The test was applied to (10) high-efficiency optimization functions with different dimensions and frequency. The results of the hybrid algorithm were excellent, encouraging, and superior to the original algorithm. The hybrid algorithm achieved optimal solutions by reaching to a minimum value (fmin
) for most of these functions.
Study the electrical and magnetic properties of Ferrite Ni1-x ZnxFe2O4 films and their potential use in the magnetic core of transformers
Authors: Ghazi Alkhazaali Hanan Kaayem
Published: July 2021

Membranes (Ni1-x ZnxFe2O4) were prepared by chemical precipitation method and with different weight ratios of values (x = 0, 0.3, 0.5, 0.7, 0.9), the electrical properties of the prepared samples were studied with the presence of a magnetic field of magnitude (0.45T), the result (Hall Effect) The majority of charge carriers are electrons, while the results of magnetic tests showed that the prepared films of different weights are of a type (soft Ferrite) The membranes behaved as a ferromagnetic material. The results indicate that the membranes can be used in the fields of microwave frequencies and in the transformers inside the magnetic core due to the smallness of the hysterical loop.
SEM-EDS, PIXE and Raman spectroscopies analysis of Khlong Thom ancient glass bead, southern Thailand
Authors: Boonruang C , Wonin K , Dararutana P
Published: July 2021

Various colors of glass beads excavated at the Khlong Thom archaeological site in southern Thailand were characterized non-destructively using proton-induced X-ray emission spectroscopy (PIXE), scanning electron microscope coupled with energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer (SEM-EDS), and Raman spectroscopy in order to determine the glass composition and production technology in ancient time. The results show that most of them are alkali-based glass matrices. Some of them are high lead-bearing glass. The glass compositions are approximately the same as the Mediterranean, Islamic, and Indian glasses, but with a higher concentration of aluminum. The colors are influenced by transition metal-ions content such as copper, iron, and manganese. High content of lead has been found in the samples with opaque colors, especially the yellow opaque. The corroded and flaked surface of the glass bead has been revealed by SEM. In a comparison of glass composition, it can be proposed that there is some relationship in production technology between Khlong Thom archaeological site and other sites: South-East Asia; South Asia; East Asia; Asia Minor; and South Africa. This information indicates the historical link of both land and maritime networks for long-distance trade and exchange in ancient time.
The Necessary Condition of Hypercyclicity of Truncated Toeplitz Operator
Authors: Shukur Ali A.
Published: July 2021

We study hypercyclicity of truncated Toeplitz operators in the model space H2(D) θ θH2(Ө) where θ is inner function and H2(D) is Hardy space. In this paper, the necessary condition of hypercyclicity of truncated Toeplitz operator is given.
Bayes Pre-Test Shrinkage Estimators of Scale Parameter for Maxwell Distribution under Squared Loss Functions
Authors: Rodeen Waleed , Aziz Sakina
Published: July 2021

The Maxwell distribution is a lifetime model, and it is used in many applications of physics and chemistry. In this paper, we suggest and study the pre-test Shrinkage Bayesian estimators of scale parameter for Maxwell distribution The equation of risk function and relative risk with respect classical estimator for the proposed estimators under squared error loss function (SELF). Using simulations, these estimators are compared in terms of the relative risk, which is accounted using the programming language R and the numerical results that showed performance of our estimators are compared with Bayesian classical estimator.
New Technique for Finding the Maximization to Transportation Problems
Authors: Kadhim Haleemah Jawad , Mushtak Shiker A.K. , Al-Dallal Hussein A H
Published: July 2021

Transportation problems (TP) are one of the important problems in linear programming problems (LPP) that generally address the problems of transporting and distributing goods with the aim of achieving the largest profit or the lowest cost depending on the type of problem addressed. In this research study, a new technique was proposed to solve transportation problems with an objective function of the type of maximization that is used to achieve the highest possible profit. This technique was obtained by relying on a published research paper that deals with the same problem but with an objective function of the miniaturization type. The efficiency of this new technique was tested in terms of the type of results obtained when it was used to solve many transportation problems in life, and some of them were mentioned in this paper. After that, the solution results were compared using the proposed technique with the use of the three well-known classical methods which are NWCM, LCM, and VAM. Whereas, the results using the new technique were the required results that represent the optimal solution or close to the optimal solution.
Compatibility and Edge Spaces in Alpha - Topological Spaces
Authors: Mahmoud B K. , Yousif Y Y
Published: July 2021

This research presents the concepts of compatibility and edge spaces in α-topological spaces, and introduces the α-topology combinatorially induced by the α-topology. Furthermore, studies the relationship between the α-topology on V ∪ E and the relative α-topology on V.
On Some Types of Proximity ψ-set
Authors: Altalkany Y K , Al-Swidi L A A
Published: July 2021

Various forms of ψ-set corresponding to different cases of spaces were introduced in a previous studies and The relationships among them therefore the focus of the study in this paper is the nature of the effects that can be obtained by using proximity spaces when studying this type of set by investigated a new class of sets called ψδ-set and Fψ –set in i-topological proximity spaces.
Implementation of a Chaos-Based Symmetric Text Encryption Using Arduino Microcontrollers
Authors: Msekh Zahraa A , Hreshee Saad S
Published: July 2021

Over the last few years, security becomes more important in any communication system. Several techniques have been implemented to transfer information in a secure way. One of the most important encryption techniques used in security is encryption based on a chaotic system. In this paper, a security chaotic algorithm has been proposed, studied and implemented for encrypting a text message. This work based on using two levels of one-dimensional chaotic maps (logistic map) with different initial conditions. In the experimental process, the original text on the receiver side was decrypted correctly 100% (without any error). The key space measured by this system was (16×1064) which is greater than the minimum key space value necessary to resist any brute-force attack. Also another analysis has been studied in this paper proved that the time plays a very important limitation in the encryption. The time effect on the attacker during its attempts to obtain the original text was very large and it could not get the text in the real or nearly the real-time.
IOT-Based Personalized products recommendation system
Authors: Mohamed Shili , Sethom Kaouthar , Obaid Ahmed J.
Published: July 2021

Recommendation technology is an essential component of the Internet of Things (IoT) services that can help users get information at any time and from any place. Traditional recommendation algorithms, on the other hand, are unable to satisfy the IoT environment’s swift and reliable recommendation criteria. The use of mathematical and information discovery methods to overcome the relationship with target consumers in order to have desired items is known as a recommendation system. In this paper, a recommendation algorithm based on collaborative filtering is proposed. In this sense, the recommendation method (Recommender Systems) was developed; it is focused on the user’s characteristics, such as hobbies, and it is recommended to satisfy the object’s user specifications, also known as customized recommendation system (Personalized Recommender Systems), The majority of modern e-commerce recommender programs tend to recommend the best goods to a customer, believing that each product’s properties remain constant. Some properties, such as price discounts, can, however, be customized to respond to the preferences of each customer..
Subclass of Harmonic Multivalent Functions (Accept submit)
Authors: Radhi Ahmed khalaf , Ahmed Shamel Ibrahim
Published: July 2021

In this paper, we introduce a new class of multivalent harmonic functions defined by liner operator

H
p
λ

, we instigate functions in this class have a variety of properties. The bounds for coefficients, distortions, convolution, convex combination, and extreme point are all given.
Hide Secret Message in Image Transform Conformal Mapping Based Image 2DHWT
Authors: Ali Mahdi Ahmed , Khodher Maisa’a Abid Ali , Abbas Muntah Khudair
Published: July 2021

The objective of this paper is steganography of data in images, after transform this image in any manner. Because in present to increases of social media, and internet and web networks. Therefore, it can need data security during transmit between sender and receiver. It will be proposed system for more security consisted of many phases. The first is compression image in two dimension Haar wavelet transform 2D-HWT to reduce size of image, in next is converts image to conformal mapping, and final hide secret message in image conformal mapping. The outcomes were obtained from a set of tests PSNR, MSE, Correlation Coefficient and entropy. The suggested system has excellent and efficiency, robustness, transparency, high security, and good capacity.
The Probability Distribution of Time to Extinction: A simulation study
Authors: Abid Salah H. , Al-Azzawi Hussein F
Published: July 2021

The time to extinction (TTE) is very important topic in some fields of studies; ecology, economics, corporate competition, bacterial sciences and epidemiology. The aim of the present paper is to investigate about the empirical parametric and empirical nonparametric probability distribution of the time to extinction for two related stochastic models; Rosenzweig and Macarthur model and May model. First, we assume the amplitude ofris a random variable with a continuous uniform probability distribution on a closed interval [r1,r2]. Second, we assume the number of consecutive years’ during which the amplitude ofrremains constant is a random variable with a discrete geometric probability distribution with parameterpwhich is supported on a positive integer ℤ+andp∈ (0,1).
Thyroid Disease Classification Using Machine Learning Algorithms
Authors: salman Khalid , Sonuç Emrullah
Published: July 2021

With the vast amount of data and information difficult to deal with, especially in the health system, machine learning algorithms and data mining techniques have an important role in dealing with data. In our study, we used machine learning algorithms with thyroid disease. The goal of this study is to categorize thyroid disease into three categories: hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism, and normal, so we worked on this study using data from Iraqi people, some of whom have an overactive thyroid gland and others who have hypothyroidism, so we used all of the algorithms. Support vector machines, random forest, decision tree, naïve bayes, logistic regression, k-nearest neighbors, multi-layer perceptron (MLP), linear discriminant analysis. To classification of thyroid disease.
A comparative study of the photoelectric properties for lithium oxide prepared by Green synthesis method
Authors: Attaa Taebaraek Safaa , Abd Ahmed Naji , Zoory Muayyed Jabar
Published: July 2021

Lithium oxide Li2O was synthesized by two green synthesis methods using two plants saffron and turmeric. Then the Li2O colloidal is deposite on p-type porous Si substrate p-PSi and n-type porous silicon substrate n-PSi to fabricate Al/Li2O/p-PSi/pSi/Al heterojunction and Al/Li2O/n-Psi/nSi/Al heterojunction. The morphological studies were measured by X-Ray Diffraction XRD getting an average crystallite size 34.7 nm for green synthesized saffron and 31.36 nm average crystallite size in case of green synthesized turmeric. Scanning Electron Microscopy SEM was about 80 nm size in case of saffron and about 55 nm. Fourier Transformation Infra-Red FT-IR was nearly the same in both cases. Optical measurement UV-visible occurred by calculating the transmittance and absorbance spectra and finally IV-in dark and IV under illumination were measured for the application of a heterojunction as a solar cell.
Privacy Preserving Algorithm using Chao-Scattering of Partial Homomorphic Encryption
Authors: Mohammed Saja J , Taha Dujan B
Published: July 2021

A big challenge in privacy-preserving is found when trying is to share data while protecting the information of personally identifiable, such as phone numbers, email addresses, and biometric. The same challenges have appeared when keeping sensitive data remotely in complete privacy, without recognizing them from any unauthorized persons. In such cases, Homomorphic encryption is the highlight and considered the most suitable solution. The goal of this paper is to keep the privacy of the data stored in a database system using a new Chao-modification to the partial homomorphic encryption algorithm. It uses the chaotic system to scatter the symbols of plain data before direct them to the encryption algorithm. This will be appending an additional level of security to partial homomorphic encryption algorithms that helps them to be more resisting attacking.
The oscillation of lasota-wazewska model with a variable probability of death of red blood cell
Authors: Mohamad Hussain Ali , Jassim Ehab Jafar
Published: July 2021

In this paper, the Lasota-Wazewska model of survival of red blood cell in humans was studied, in which the probability of death of red blood cells was adopted as a function using nonlinear delay differential equation of the first order. Some conditions were established to guarantee that the number of red blood cells oscillates about the equilibrium. The results are supported by some illustrative examples.
Impact of Big Data on Digital Transformation in 5G Era
Authors: Bansal Rohit , Obaid Ahmed J. , Gupta Ankur , Singh Ram , Pramanik Sabyasachi
Published: July 2021

One of the potential top-level goals for 5G heterogeneous networks may be intellectual and perfect network which modifies consumer preferences in a proactive manner in addition to needs of channel. Research provides an interdisciplinary approach to e-health, primarily concern BDA, and radio space management inside a various level fifth generation network in the company of massive data. The growing need for and usage of big data fuelled digital transformation. The research focuses on the effect of Big Data on digital technologies during the 5G era. To carry out digital transformation, three machine learning (ML) algorithms are identified. In addition to decision tree DT the other algorithms used for the classification are NB, LR. These algorithms run on the large data processing engine they work. These algorithms serve as an ensemble tool for examining old records of stroke outpatients (OPs) and body built IOT based sensors [19]. These readings are available as Big Data. In the model which has been proposed here, OP-Centric Network Optimization Framework was presented before evaluating the machine learning algorithm function and all appropriate steps to plan massive data. An ensemble method in the company of NB classification device, decision tree classification device, and logistic classification device was used in this analysis. These entire classification devices are highly controlled and managed classification device. This method is based on the OP data set and feeds the predicted stroke probabilities to an SV classifier.
Long-term trajectories of the C footprint of N fertilization in Mediterranean agriculture (Spain, 1860–2018)
Authors: Aguilera Eduardo , Sanz-Cobena Alberto , Infante-Amate Juan , García-Ruiz Roberto , Vila-Traver Jaime , Guzmán Gloria I , González de Molina Manuel , Rodríguez Alfredo , Piñero Pablo , Lassaletta Luis
Published: July 2021

Synthetic nitrogen (N) fertilization has helped boost agricultural yields, but it is also responsible for direct and indirect greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Fertilizer-related emissions are also promoted by irrigation and manure application, which has increased with livestock industrialization. Spanish agriculture provides a paradigmatic example of high industrialization under two different climates (temperate and Mediterranean) and two contrasting water management regimes (rainfed and irrigated). In this study, we estimated the historical evolution of the C footprint of N fertilization (including all the life cycle GHG emissions related to N fertilization) in Spanish agriculture from 1860 to 2018 at the province level (50 provinces) for 122 crops, using climate-specific N2O emission factors (EFs) adjusted to the type of water management and the N source (synthetic fertilizer, animal manure, crop residues and soil N mineralization) and considering changes in the industrial efficiency of N fertilizer production. Overall, N-related GHG emissions increased ∼12-fold, up to 10–14 Tg CO2e yr−1 in the 2010s, with much higher growth in Mediterranean than in temperate areas. Direct N2O EFs of N fertilizers doubled due to the expansion of irrigation, synthetic fertilizers and liquid manure, associated with livestock industrialization. Synthetic N production dominated the emissions balance (55%–60% of GHGe in the 21st century). Large energy efficiency gains of industrial fertilizer production were largely offset by the changes in the fertilizer mix. Downstream N2O emissions associated with NH3 volatilization and NO3
− leaching increased tenfold. The yield-scaled carbon footprint of N use in Spanish agriculture increased fourfold, from 4 and 5 Mg CO2e Mg N−1 to 16–18 Mg CO2e Mg N−1. Therefore, the results reported herein indicate that increased productivity could not offset the growth in manufacture and soil emissions related to N use, suggesting that mitigation efforts should not only aim to increase N use efficiency but also consider water management, fertilizer type and fertilizer manufacture as key drivers of emissions.
Dressing operators in equivariant Gromov–Witten theory of

CP1
Authors: Takasaki Kanehisa
Published: July 2021

Okounkov and Pandharipande proved that the equivariant Toda hierarchy governs the equivariant Gromov–Witten theory of

C

P

1

. A technical clue of their method is a pair of dressing operators on the Fock space of 2D charged free fermion fields. We reformulate these operators as difference operators in the Lax formalism of the 2D Toda hierarchy. This leads to a new explanation to the question of why the equivariant Toda hierarchy emerges in the equivariant Gromov–Witten theory of

C

P

1

. Moreover, the non-equivariant limit of these operators turns out to capture the integrable structure of the non-equivariant Gromov–Witten theory correctly.
The effect of the addition of Indigofera flour and red ginger powder in feed towards slaughter, carcass and quality of meat of sensi chicken
Authors: Nurhayu A , A B Lompengeng I , Amna L , Ella A
Published: July 2021

This study aim was to determine the effect of the addition of Indigofera flour and red ginger powder in the feed on slaughter, carcass and quality of meat of Sensi chicken which includes protein, fat and cholesterol contents. The research used 36 male Sensi chickens that kept from the age of 4 weeks to 19 weeks in Experimental Garden of Gowa, The Assessment Institute of Agriculture Technology South Sulawesi. The design used was a complete randomized design divided into three treatments and 12 replications. The treatment of feed given is as follows: R1: 100% commercial feed; R2: commercial feed 75%, Indigofera flour 10% bran 5%, corn 9%, red ginger powder 1%; R3: commercial feed 50%, Indigofera flour 15% bran 9%, corn 25%, red ginger powder 1%. The results showed that the feed treatment significantly affected (P <0.05) on the slaughter weight and carcass weight of Sensi chicken where R3 treatment produced the highest slaughter weight and carcass weight compared to other treatments, which was 1728.16 g/tail/day and 1398.33 g/tail/day. The results of quality meat analysis in the form of crude protein, crude fat and cholesterol showed that R2 treatment had the highest crude protein content (25.74%), fat content (0.16%) and cholesterol (54.7%) the lowest compared to other treatments. The conclusion was that the addition of Indigofera flour and red ginger powder in feed gave the highest slaughter weight and carcass weight of Sensi chicken and could increase meat protein content, reduce fat and cholesterol content of meat Sensi chicken.
Determination of generation status of white-breasted starling (Acridotheres melanopterus) population based on cranial measurements
Authors: Samsudewa D. , Lestari D. A. , Pertiwi M. A. , Akbar F. A. , Lestari P. , Suselowati T. , Pratiwi S. , Priyanto A. , Abdillah S. , Hanifah N.
Published: July 2021

The objective of this study was to determine the generation status of White-breasted Starling based on cranial measurements. The research was done on July 2018 in Kudus and Klaten regencies. Forty four males and 43 females of mature White-breasted Starling. Vernier callipers and recording form of White-breasted Starling were used in this research. Length and wide of head White-breasted Starling were used as variable. The results of measurement were compared with generation status. Descriptive, correlation and regression analysis were used in this research. The result of the research showed highly strong correlation (r = 0.92) for generation status and head wide of male bird; strong correlation (r = 0.70) for generation status and head length of male bird; highly strong correlation (r = 0.88) for generation status and head wide of female bird and Strong correlation (r = 0.74) for generation status head length of female bird. The regression equation was shown between head wide and length as dependent variable and generation status as independent variable of male and female White-breasted Starling, respectively. In conclusion the generation status of White-breasted Starling can be determine based on craniometri. Head wide is the best parameter of craniomateri for determination of generation status.
Feeding microparticle protein sources composed-diet with addition of natural additive to produce clean product of broiler for consumer health friendly
Authors: Suthama N , Sukamto B , Mangisah I , Krismiyanto L
Published: July 2021

Evaluation of feeding diet composed of microparticle protein source added with inulin of chicory root and Lactobacillus acidophilus on intestinal bacteria population, protein digestibility, and performance of broiler was the purpose of the present study. Experimental animals were 248 birds of day old broiler with body weight of 48.2±0.50g (240 birds for the main experiment, and 8 birds for endogenous correction). Feed composed of microparticle protein source added with inulin of chicory and Lactobacillus acidophilus at 1.2%, respectively. A completely randomized design with five treatments and six replications (8 birds each) was set in the present study. Treatments tested were R0: diet with 20% intact protein (control); R1: diet with 18% microparticle protein, R2: R1 + 1.2% inulin of chicory; R3: R1 + 1.2% Lactobacillus acidophilus; and R4: R1 + 1.2% Lactobacillus acidophilus + 1.2% inulin of chicory. Total lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and coliform, protein digestibility, and broiler performances (muscle protein mass, feed intake (FI), body weight gain (BWG), and feed conversion (FCR) were the parameters observed. Data were subjected to analysis of variance and continued to Duncan test at 5% probability level. LAB population significantly (P<0.05) increased, and in contrast, coliform count and FCR significantly (P<0.05) decreased in R2, R3 and R4. Protein digestibility and BWG improved in R3 and R4, but FI enhanced only in R4. In conclusion, feed composed of microparticle protein sources with addition of either chicory inulin or Lactobacillus acidophilus at 1.2%, respectively, increase total LAB, protein digestibility and growth performances of broilers. The combination of both additives have more profound effect on productivity and produce a healthy meat product indicated by high muscle protein mass derived from host animal with low pathogen.
Atmospheric ammonia changes on different zone placement from the closed house inlet affecting broiler chicken performance in the rainy season
Authors: Huda Nur Kharis Fatkhul , Sarjana Teysar Adi , Suprijatna Edjeng
Published: July 2021

The applied study was conducted to evaluate the effect of different zone placements within the closed house on the performance of broilers during the rainy season. The treatments applied were as follows: zone 1 = chickens placed next to the inlet, zone 2 = chickens placed in¼length of the cage from the inlet, zone 3 = chickens placed in ½ length of the cage from the inlet, and zone 4 = chickens placed in ¾ length of the cage from the inlet. Change of macroclimate outside the closed house, microclimate, and atmospheric ammonia inside the closed house were observed in each zone. The parameters observed were feed consumption, body weight gain (BWG), feed conversion ratio (FCR), performance index (PI), and income over feed cost (IOFC). Data were subjected to analysis of variance. Correlation analysis between heat stress index (HSI) or atmospheric ammonia on broiler performance was carried out. The results showed that a further distance of zone placement from the inlet is indicated by microclimate changes and an increasing average of atmospheric ammonia. There were significant decreases in feed consumption, BWG, PI, and IOFC start from the 2ndzone. FCR was significantly increased in the 3rdzone (P≤0.05). The increase of atmospheric ammonia at the further zone placement from the inlet negatively correlated, strong and significant with performance, while the HSI did not correlate strongly. In conclusion, the further zone placement from the inlet increased atmospheric ammonia and decreased broiler chicken performance in the rainy season.
Mutant promising lines of black-seeded soybean for soy sauce preparation
Authors: Ginting E. , Tarmizi
Published: July 2021

Mutation through radiation can be used in soybean breeding to generate the plant genetic variability. Some mutant promising lines of black-seeded soybean have been selected, namely PA-3-PSJ, A-5-PSJ, A-7-PSJ, and B-4-PAIR and it is essential to study their quality for soy sauce preparation. Detam 1 and Mutiara 3 were used as variety checks. The results showed that all soybean lines belonged to large-seeded with the largest seed obtained in A-7-PSJ line (17.41g/100-grain), while Detam 1 and Mutiara 3 had smaller seed sizes than those of four lines. Conversely, both varieties had the highest protein contents (38.56-39.36% dw), followed by A-7-PSJ (37.79% dw), whereas the rest had lower contents. A considerable increase in protein content was observed in the koji, which about 88% to 93% existed as soluble protein. The protein contents of soy sauce were slightly different, ranging from 2.35% to 2.57% (dw). Detam 1 showed the highest score for color, aroma, taste and viscosity of soy sauce preferences, followed by B-4-PAIR and Mutiara 3 that had the same score and A-7-PSJ, which also gave the highest protein content and had the largest seed size. This suggests that B-4-PAIR and A-7-PSJ lines are promising for ingredients of soy sauce.
The effect of types and concentration of fillers on the quality of whey protein products
Authors: Budiyanto A , Usmiati S , Ismail M R N , Batubara S C , Sulistiyani T R
Published: July 2021

Whey is a liquid residual from cheese production with high protein content. The high protein content causes whey to be used in the formulation of functional ingredients for food and beverage products. such as formula milk, sports supplements, and pharmaceuticals. The goal of the study was to determine the effect of types and fillers concentration on the quality of whey protein products using a spray dryer. The study involved the optimization of types and concentrations of different fillers on whey protein production and quality analysis by chemical and organoleptic tests. This study used a randomized block design with two factors. Factors A (type of filler) and B (concentration of filler) consisted of three levels, with two replications. Factor A was A1 = maltodextrin, A2 = pectin, and A3 = gum arabic, while factor B was B1 = 1%, B2 = 1.5% and B3 = 2%. Maltodextrin, pectin, and gum Arabic at 1% concentration resulted in the best whey protein through the spray drying process. Organoleptic test results with hedonic and hedonic quality obtained optimum results in the treatment of 1% maltodextrin filler. Therefore 1% maltodextrin could be applied in the whey protein production. Meanwhile, the analysis of chemical quality showed that the content of water, ash, protein, fat, and carbohydrates were 4.4%; 7.76%; 11.23%; 3.58%, and 73.82%, respectively.
Implementing sustainably agricultural system to accelerate food sovereignty after covid-19 through farmers’ participation
Authors: Sumekar Wulan , Sumarsono  , Prasetyo Agus Subhan , Prayoga Kadhung
Published: July 2021

Sustainably agricultural systems emphasizing economy and ecology might become basic principles in accelerating food sovereignty. In its implementation, farmers’ participation, as the main actors, is essential; however, the wide-ranging characteristic of farmers determines their involvement. The research aimed to analyze the degree of farmers’ participation and the influence of farmers’ characteristics on farmers’ participation level in implementing a sustainably agricultural system. The study analyzed 65 farmers practicing sustainably agricultural systems through the implementation of agricultural farming systems of dairy cows and horticulture in Getasan Sub-district, Semarang District, Central Java Province. This research employed a descriptive analysis and multiple regression analysis. The results showed that most of the farmers were categorized as productive although they belonged to socially and economically low. The number of farmers admitted that implementing a sustainably agricultural system increased, remained stable, and decreased dairy cow production by 47.70 %, 26.15%, and 26.15%, respectively, and in horticulture by 40.00%, 24.62%, and 35.38%, respectively. The level of farmers’ participation at the implementation stage was medium, while at the planning and evaluation stages were low. Experiences in doing farming (P<0.01) and farm production (P<0.05) significantly and positively influenced farmers’ participation, while land tenure negatively (P<0.10) influenced farmers’ participation.
Employee performance to support work productivity: a Pls approach in agro-input suppliers company
Authors: Taufan Andri R , Yuswita Effy , Haryati Novi
Published: July 2021

The purpose of this study is to analyze the performance of employees in supporting the productivity of PT Petrokimia Kayaku Gresik. In this study, there are three variables, namely independent variables, work motivation, job training and leadership style variables, two dependent variables, namely employee performance and productivity. The method used is Sem-Pls and uses the Warp PLS 7.0 software, while the measuring instrument in this study uses a Likert measuring instrument starting from the smallest 1 to 5 of the largest. The things examined in this study are the direct influence, or without using the mediating variable (intervening) and the indirect effect or without using the mediating variable, the mediating variable in this study is employee performance. The results in this study are employee work motivation, employee job training and the response of a positive and significant leadership style to the performance of PT. Petrokimia Kayaku Gresik employees. The third variable is a variable from the company and has a significant positive effect on productivity.
Food sharing through ICT (Information and Communication Technology) or better food accessibility and preventing food waste as basic for drafting food sovereignty’s strategy
Authors: Wastutiningsih S P , Aulia D
Published: July 2021

The idea of food sovereignty is rooted in efforts to protect the food economy from external pressures and promote domestic food stability including ensuring agricultural actor’s welfare. While, the social community called Gifood is struggling based on concerns that low public access to food and food waste may seem far from these issues, but the authors believe that the ideas associated with food sovereignty will lead to the construction of comprehensive food sovereignty’s strategy. This paper aimed to show 1) how ICT mediated initiatives for food sharing can support better food access and reduce food waste by Gifood, and 2) the potential of Gifood as a medium of distribution of agricultural products from local farmers in Yogyakarta. This qualitative study used virtual ethnography for a year of observation and in-depth interviews with eight informants. This research founded that through Gifood ICT program could prevent paradox among hunger and food waste through food sharing platforms, increasing food respect through the creative campaign, and having strong potential for the distribution of local products. Based on the results, the authors suggested considering the issue of food waste as a strategy in reframing food sovereignty and collaborating with Gifood and other social communities
Design of China Railway Going Global Scheme
Authors: Jin Jing
Published: July 2021

Chinese government put forward with “Belt and Road Initiative” in 2013, which prioritized infrastructure connectivity among countries along “Belt and Road” and gave a systematic framework for railway going global. This paper briefing on current system of world high-speed railway market with induction method, through quantifying planned railway length in different regions, divides international high-speed railway projects into four sub-systems, namely strategic railway projects, demonstration railway project, assistance railway projects and commercial railway projects, listing the features and proposes schemes for participating in international railway projects under different sub-systems. The research focuses on category-based international railway projects, and applies top-level design method for the Chinese enterprises to involve in international railway projects, which is of theoretical and applied significance for decision-making for going global.
Empirical Analysis on Influencing Factors of Traffic Casualties in China
Authors: Sun Lilu , Zhang Jiamin , feng Yu , Chen Mengwei
Published: July 2021

In order to further explore the complex correlation between the influencing factors of road traffic accidents in China, this paper takes the road traffic safety-related data of 31 provinces from 2004 to 2018 as the sample data, selects five index data that may affect the occurrence of traffic accidents in various regions of the country, i.e. resident population, urban population, population density, GDP and number of car drivers, and uses Eviews software for stepwise regression analysis to establish a fixed effect model of the influencing factors of traffic accidents and analyze the macro and micro factors that affect the death toll of traffic accidents in China. The model shows that each index has a significant impact on the number of road traffic casualties. Urban population, population density and number of car drivers are positively correlated with the number of road traffic casualties. The resident population and GDP are negatively correlated with the number of road traffic casualties. According to the research conclusions, this paper puts forward some suggestions, such as optimizing the management technology of road traffic construction, strengthening the education system of traffic safety awareness of residents in the new urbanization, increasing the investment in traffic construction, and establishing an institution for differentiated training and management of drivers based on driving experience.
Symmetries in porous flows: recursive solutions of the Brinkman equation in polygonal ducts
Authors: Das Arijit , Goswami Sanchari , Bhattacharyya Saugata
Published: July 2021

In this paper, we solve the Brinkman equation for unidirectional, steady, incompressible and Newtonian flow through a duct of uniform cross-section in the shape of a regular N-gon under no-slip boundary condition on the surface of the duct in the absence of applied forces. We calculate solutions for small values of N and by analysing them we devise a recursive scheme of generating solutions for all

N
≥
3

. We obtain approximate expressions for the vortex lines for all values of N by applying a trigonometric perturbation on circular vortex lines and graphically compare them with exact vortex lines. We also graphically compare both exact and approximate vortex lines with Schwarz-Christoffel transformation.
Deep learning techniques applied to super-resolution chemistry transport modeling for operational uses
Authors: Bessagnet B , Beauchamp M , Menut L , Fablet R , Pisoni E , Thunis P
Published: July 2021

Air quality modeling tools are largely used to assess air pollution mitigation and monitoring strategies. While neural networks (NN) were mostly developed based on observations to derive statistical models at stations, the use of Eulerian chemistry transport models (CTMs) was mainly devoted to air quality predictions over large areas and the evaluation of emission reduction strategies. In this study, we investigate deep learning architectures to create a metamodel of the process oriented CTM CHIMERE and significantly reduce the computing times required for super-resolution simulations. The key point is the selection of input variables and the way to implement them in the NN. We perform a quantitative evaluation of the proposed approaches on a real case-study. The best NN architecture displays very good performances in terms of prediction of pollutant concentrations observed at stations with respect to the raw super-resolution CHIMERE simulation, with a correlation coefficient above 0.95. The best NN is also able to display better performances when compared to observations than the raw high resolution simulation. Currently the model is designed to be used for air quality forecasting and requires improvement for the definition of air quality management strategies.