bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Composite Vascularized Autograft Elbow Transplant
Authors: Pathak Neil , Sides Eric E. , Piper Samantha L. , Lee Charles K. , Hansen Scott L. , Terry Michael J. , Lattanza Lisa L.
Published: July 2021

Case:

A 37-year-old man presented with an absent right elbow joint secondary to trauma, subsequent ankylosis, total elbow arthroplasty (TEA), and TEA explantation after infection. The patient also had a contralateral complete brachial plexus injury, but an intact elbow joint. Given that the patient had a functional right hand/wrist, composite vascularized autograft elbow transplant was performed from left to right upper extremity. Four years postoperatively, the patient could independently complete activities of daily living.

Conclusion:

This case is the first to report composite vascularized autograft elbow transplant. Although indications are limited, this case illuminates novel uses of standard techniques for a difficult problem.
The Effect of Storage Duration and Invigoration Treatment on Viability of Cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) Seeds
Authors: Widiyanti Tri , Miftakhurrohmat Agus
Published: July 2021

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of giberrelin (GA3) storage durationand treatment on the viability of cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) seeds carried out at theLaboratory of Indonesian Center for Seedling and Plant Protection (BBPPTP) Surabayaon Mojoagung No. No. 52, Mojoagung Subdistrict, Jombang Regency in February toApril 2014. This study used a completely randomized design with factorial patterns with2 factors. The first factor is the storage time which consists of 4 stages P1 (7 days ofnatural storage of seeds), P2 (14 days of storage of natural seeds), P3 (22 days of storageof natural seeds), and P4 (29 days of storage of natural seeds). The second factor isinvigoration treatment which consists of 3 types without treatment (I0), GA3 10 ppm(I1), GA3 20 ppm (I2). The results showed a significant interaction between storage timeand invigoration treatment of plant height and germination capacity, storage durationtreatment affected the variable number of leaves, 7 days storage time (P1) produced theaverage number of leaves (3.75 strands) even though the result is the same as the storageperiod of 14 days (P2). While the invigoration treatment had no effect on the observationvariable of the number of leaves.
The Effect of Pruning and Several Kinds of Growing Media Fertigation Hydroponic Systems Against Protection and Production of Melons (Cucumis Melo L.)
Authors: Abror M , Ardiansyah M Koko
Published: July 2021

This study aims to determine the effect of trimming with a wide variety of growing media hydroponic system fertigation on growth and yield of melon. Research will be conducted in the green house (House of plastic) UMSIDA Agriculture Faculty, Campus 2, Gelam, Candi, Sidoarjo, research time between the months of March to June 2016 using analysis of variance and continued test HSD 5%. The variables measured were plant height, leaf number, level of sweetness of fruit, fruit weight, high-fruit, thickness of the flesh of the fruit, conclusion from this research is going on the effect of trimming and a wide variety of growing media hydroponic system fertigation in treatment PM5 (trimming down, kokopit). There was also a real influence on the treatment PM6 (without pruning, kokopit) .In observation of plant height, leaf number, fruit weight, and high fruit. And also happens to influence a wide range of growing media on growth and yield of melon on hydroponics fertigation system, the PM6 treatment (without pruning, kokopit) had the highest rates in the observation of plant height, weight of the fruit, and the number of leaves.
The Effect Of Giving Various Kinds And Immersion Of ZPT On The Growth Of Tin Cuttings (Ficus carica L.).
Authors: Rohmah Nur Azizatu
Published: July 2021

This study aims to determine the effect of giving various kinds and duration of ZPT immersion on the growth of tin plant cuttings (Ficus carica L.). This research was carried out in October - December 2020, at the Terdana Village, Pondok Kubang District, Central Bengkulu Regency. This study used a Factorial Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with two factors, the first factor was giving various PGR (Z) which consisted of Control, Rootone-F, Shallot Solution, Bamboo Shoots Solution, while the second factor was the duration of immersion of PGR which consisted of of 12 hours, 18 hours, 24 hours, each treatment was repeated 3 times. The results of the study were analyzed using Variety Analysis and if it had a significant effect, further tests were carried out using Duncan's Multiple Range Test (DMRT) level 5%. The results showed that there was an interaction between the administration of Rootone-F and the immersion time of ZPT 12 to 24 hours on the percentage of live cuttings of Tin (Ficus carica L.) plant. 12 WAP, root length, percentage of live cuttings and leaf area on cuttings growth of Tin (Ficus carica L.) PGR immersion time treatment was not able to increase shoot length 12 WAP, number of shoots 12 WAP, number of leaves 12 WAP, root length, percentage of cuttings Life and leaf area on the growth of cuttings of Tin (Ficus carica L.) It is recommended to increase the concentration of natural PGR so that it can be used as a substitute for Rootone-F.
Application of Potassium Fertilizer and Chicken Coop Fertilizer Against Growth and Production of Shallots (Allium ascalanicum L.)
Authors: Pradana Andy , WDP Al Machfudz
Published: July 2021

This study aims to determine the application of potassium fertilizer and chicken manure to the growth and production of shallots (Allium ascalanicum L.). The study used a randomized block design with 2 factors repeated 3 times. Factor 1: Potassium Fertilizer 40,60,80 kg/ha. Factor 2: Chicken Manure 5,10,15 tons/ha. The results showed that the application of potassium fertilizer and chicken manure did not interact with either the growth phase or the production phase of the plant on all observation variables, while the potassium fertilizer treatment showed significantly different results only on the plant vegetative growth parameters, namely the number of leaves at the age of 7 days after planting, namely ( 8,111 strands), while the vegetative phase had no significant effect on the number of tubers per clump, wet weight of tubers per clump, wet weight of tubers per plot, dry weight of sun-dried tubers per clump, and dry weight of sun-dried tubers per plot. While the treatment of chicken manure had a significant effect on the vegetative growth phase of plants, namely the length of plants at 28 DAP (30.278 cm) and 35 DAP (32.704 cm), on the number of leaves at 7 DAP (8,000 strands). While the generative phase (60 DAP) significantly affected the number of tubers per clump, namely (5,889 grams), wet weight of tubers per clump (38,333 grams), wet weight of tubers per plot (319,000 grams), dry weight of sun-dried tubers per clump. namely (23.074 grams), and the dry weight of sun-dried tubers per plot (191.889 grams).
Application of Groebner Bases to Study a Communication System
Authors: Jony Alaa , Al-Rashed Shawki
Published: July 2021

This paper introduces a relationship between the independence of polynomials associated with the links of the network, and the Jacobian determinant of these polynomials. Also, it presents a way to simplify a given communication network through an algorithm that splits the network into subnets and reintegrates them into a network that is a general representation or model of the studied network. This model is also represented through a combination of polynomial equations and uses Groebner bases to reach a new simplified network equivalent to the given network, which may make studying the ability to solve the problem of network coding less expensive and much easier.
Flow Injection Analysis with Turbidity Detection for the Quantitative Determination of Mebeverine Hydrochloride in Pharmaceutical Formulations
Authors: Turkey Nagham S. , Jeber Jalal Nasser
Published: July 2021

The main objective of this paper is to develop and validate flow injection method, a precise, accurate, simple, economic, low cost and specific turbidimetric method for the quantitative determination of mebeverine hydrochloride (MbH) in pharmaceutical preparations.  A homemade NAG Dual & Solo (0-180º) analyser which contains two identical detections units (cell 1 and 2) was applied for turbidity measurements. The developed method was optimized for different chemical and physical parameters such as perception reagent concentrations, aqueous salts solutions, flow rate, the intensity of the sources light, sample volume, mixing coil and purge time. The correlation coefficients (r) of the developed method were 0.9980 and 0.9986 for cell 1 and 2 respectively and showed the linearity of response against concentration over the range of 1.0 to 6.5 and 0.7-6.5mmol/L for cell 1 & 2 respectively. The limit of detections (LOD) for cell 1 and cell 2 were 0.28 and 0.21 mmol/L respectively. The intra-day and inter-day precision for two serial estimations of 3.5 and 5.5 mmol/L of MBH exhibited a relative standard deviation of 0.46%, 0.28%, 0.23%, 0.26% and 0.39%, 0.79%, 0.14%, 0.05% for cell 1 & 2 respectively. The accuracy of the developed method has expressed a recovery percentage (Rec %) and error % which was between 99.22 to 101.13 and 99.39 to 101.17 for cell 1 and cell 2 respectively. The ICH guidelines were followed for method validation. The developed method was successfully applied for the determination of MbH in pure and pharmaceutical preparations and the method can be conveniently used for routine analysis in laboratory as a quality control method since the method permits quantitively determination of 60 samples/h.
New Tetra-dentate Schiff Base Ligand N2O2 and Its Complexes with Some of Metal Ions: Preparation, Identification, and Studying Their Enzymatic and Biological Activities
Authors: Nabhan Khitam J. , Mahdi Amer S. , Al-Zaidi Basim H. , Ismail Ahmad H. , Nasif Zaizafoone N.
Published: July 2021

In present work, new tetra-dentate ligand, titled 3,5-bis ((E)-5-Bromo-2-hydroxy benzylidene amino) benzoic acid (H3L), was prepared via an acid-catalyzed condensation process. New four metallic ligand complexes with Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II) and Zn(II) ions, were also prepared from the refluxing of equivalent moles. Ligand's structure and its complexes; were confirmed by numerous characterization methods, including Ultraviolet-Visible, Infrared, Mass Spectrometer, 1H and 13C Nuclear Magnetic Resonance spectra, atomic absorption, magnetic moments, and molar conductivity measurements. The results of the spectroscopic analyzes proved that the prepared ligand acts as tetradentate bi-ionic ligand and it was bonded to the metal ions by two nitrogen atoms of the two azomethine groups and by two oxygen atoms of the two phenolic hydroxyl groups after losing their two protons. Octahedral structure proposed to all prepared complexes. The (anti-bacterial) and (anti-fungal) activities of these compound were screened against (E. coli, S. aureus, Klebsiella spp., S. epidermidis,), and (Candida albicans). The results indicated that these compounds have moderated inhibition behavior. The activity of the prepared compounds against Acetyl Choline Esterase Enzyme (AChE) have also studied and the obtained data indicated the presence of different inhibition behavior.
An Enhanced Approach of Image Steganographic Using Discrete Shearlet Transform and Secret Sharing
Authors: Hamza Yasir Ahmed , Tewfiq Nada Elya , Ahmed Mohammed Qasim
Published: July 2021

Recently, the internet has made the users able to transmit the digital media in the easiest manner. In spite of this facility of the internet, this may lead to several threats that are concerned with confidentiality of transferred media contents such as media authentication and integrity verification. For these reasons, data hiding methods and cryptography are used to protect the contents of digital media. In this paper, an enhanced method of image steganography combined with visual cryptography has been proposed. A secret logo (binary image) of size (128x128) is encrypted by applying (2 out 2 share) visual cryptography on it to generate two secret share. During the embedding process, a cover red, green, and blue (RGB) image of size (512x512) is divided into three layers (red, green and blue). The blue layer is transformed using Discrete Shearlet Transform (DST) to obtain its coefficients. The first secret share is embedded at the coefficients of transformed blue layer to obtain a stego image. At extraction process, the first secret share is extracted from the coefficients of blue layer of the stego image and XORed with the second secret share to generate the original secret logo. According to the experimental results, the proposed method is achieved better imperceptibility for the stego image with the payload capacity equal to (1 bpp). In addition, the secret logo becomes more secured using (2 out 2 share) visual cryptography and the second secret share as a private key.
Effects of the Ferrits Addition on the Properties of Polyethylene Terephthalate
Authors: Saadon Abbas K. , Shaban Auday Hattem , Jasim Kareem A.
Published: July 2021

The products of composites material are very sesetive to many variables, such as manufacturing process, additive materials, …. etc. Filler or additive plays a major role to determine the formation of the properties and behavior of the composites. In this study, polyethylene terephthalate-based compounds were produced and characterized. The work is concerned to prepare samples of Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) - zinc-ferrite (ZnFe2O4) with different addition ratio as zinc-ferrite (1, 2, 5, 10, 15 and 20) wt% obtained from mixing the solution with a hot pressing method applied under optimum conditions. The densities of the composites for all samples were calculated. Through the work the diffusion of zinc-ferrite into the grain of Polyethylene terephthalate has been noted.  Structural properties are studied by using X-ray powder pattern, the results of the XRD diffraction analysis showed that the structure for pure PET has four broad peaks at the (2θ=16.46°,17.45°, 22.72°,25.98°). The non-crystalline behavior of the polymer and the ceramic compound indicates the presence of a crystalline phase with a single cubic structure with a space group fd-3m (227)) (a=b=c=8.44 Å, V=601.45 (Å)³). While adding zinc-ferrite to PET in different concentrations to obtain (PET / ZnFe2O4) composites material will increase the intensity of the X-ray peaks, and change the location of the peaks with the addition of zinc-ferrite. It is noted that X-ray diffraction patterns for PET / ZnFe2O4 (20%) indicates that there was no apparent variation of the patterns of pure Zn-ferrite ceramic diffraction which showed that the crystalline structure remains stable in PET / ZnFe2O4. In addition, the electrical properties of the compounds represented by the dielectric constant (real and imaginary), dielectric loss ( tanδ) and the A.C conductivity as a function of a range of frequencies (50Hz-1MHz) have been measured. The results indicated that these properties increase with increasing concentrations of ceramic addition. On the other hand, these properties decrease with increasing frequency due to the change in polarization mechanisms. It has been proven that these prepared superposed materials possess good stability properties in a wide range of frequencies, making these polymeric overlays of wide use in many applications. As for the measurements of Shore D hardness, it has been shown that the hardness of the compounds increases with increasing ceramic concentrations.
Effect of Geological Heterogeneity on the Production Performance of a Multifractured Horizontal Well in Tight Gas Reservoirs
Authors: Peng Yue , Li Tao , Zhang Yuxue , Han Yongjie , Wu Dan , Teng Bailu
Published: July 2021

Multifractured horizontal wells are widely used in the development of tight gas reservoirs to improve the gas production and the ultimate reservoir recovery. Based on the heterogeneity characteristics of the tight gas reservoir, the homogeneous scheme and four typical heterogeneous schemes were established to simulate the production of a multifractured horizontal well. The seepage characteristics and production performance of different schemes were compared and analyzed in detail by the analysis of streamline distribution, pressure distribution, and production data. In addition, the effects of reservoir permeability level, length of horizontal well, and fracture half-length on the gas reservoir recovery were discussed. Results show that the reservoir permeability of the unfractured areas, which are located at both ends of the multifractured horizontal well, determines the seepage ability of the reservoir matrix, showing a significant impact on the long-term gas production. High reservoir permeability level, long horizontal well length, and long fracture half-length can mitigate the negative influence of heterogeneity on the gas production. Our research can provide some guidance for the layout of multifractured horizontal wells and fracturing design in heterogeneous tight gas reservoirs.
Serum Creatinine/Cystatin C Ratio as a Surrogate Marker for Sarcopenia in Patients with Gastric Cancer
Authors: Sun Jing , Yang Hui , Cai Wentao , Zheng Jingwei , Shen Ningzhe , Yang Xinxin , Pan Bujian , Zhang Weiteng , Chen Xiaodong , Shen Xian
Published: July 2021

Background: Sarcopenia is an age-related syndrome that may negatively impact surgical outcomes and long-term survival in patients with gastric cancer. Serum creatinine/cystatin C (Cr/CysC) ratio has attracted attention as a surrogate marker for sarcopenia, but the ratio has not been adequately studied in patients with gastric cancer. Our objective was to investigate the validity of serum Cr/CysC ratio as a predictor of sarcopenia, determine a statistical cut-off value, and assess the relationship between Cr/CysC ratio and prognosis in patients with gastric cancer.Methods: We retrospectively evaluated 269 patients who underwent surgery for gastric cancer from June 2009 to October 2017. Skeletal muscle mass index (SMI) was calculated using computed tomography (CT). We determined the relevance of serum Cr/CysC ratio as a surrogate maker for sarcopenia by comparing the ratio with various biomarkers. The C-index was calculated to determine whether Cr/CysC ratio can predict the prognosis of patients with gastric cancer.Results: Serum Cr/CysC ratio was significantly correlated with SMI (r=0.269, p<0.001) and skeletal muscle area (r=0.277, p<0.001). The area under the curve for sarcopenia was significantly larger for serum Cr/CysC ratio than for other biomarkers (Cr/CysC: 0.665, CysC: 0.441, Cr: 0.572). Patients in the high-Cr/CysC group had longer survival times than in the low-Cr/CysC group, defined by a cutoff value of 0.67. The C-index for both Cr/CysC ratio and SMI with overall survival was 0.63.Conclusions: Serum Cr/CysC ratio can be used accurately, inexpensively, and easily to evaluate sarcopenia in patients with gastric cancer. Our study showed that sarcopenia is possible in patients with Cr/CysC <0.67, indicating a poor prognosis.
Effects of Switching from Degludec to Glargine U300 in Patients with Type 1 Diabetes Having Large Day-to-Day Glycemic Variability: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Sawamura Toshitaka , Karashima Shigehiro , Ohbatake Azusa , Higashitani Takuya , Katsuda Yuko , Yamamoto Rika , Aono Daisuke , Kometani Mitsuhiro , Takeda Yoshiyu , Yoneda Takashi
Published: July 2021

Background: Degludec (Deg) and Glargine U300 (Gla-300) are new insulin analogues with longer and smoother pharmacodynamic action than Glargine U100. Both improve glycemic variability (GV) unlike Glargine U100. However, it is not clear which insulin analogue has a better effect on GV in insulin-dependent type 1 diabetes. We evaluated the effects of switching from Deg to Gla-300 on day-to-day GV in patients with insulin-dependent type 1 diabetes treated with Deg.Methods: We conducted a retrospective study on 22 insulin-dependent type 1 diabetes patients having large day-to-day GV or frequent hypoglycemia who were treated with multiple insulin injection therapy including Deg and were advised to switch from Deg to Gla-300. We evaluated day-to-day GV and frequency of hypoglycemia in two groups. The first group included patients whose treatment was changed to Gla-300, and the second group included patients who opted to continue receiving Deg. We evaluated the change in standard deviation (SD) of fasting blood glucose (SD-FBG) calculated from self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) and frequency of hypoglycemia (total, severe, and nocturnal).Results: SD-FBG and frequency of nocturnal hypoglycemia decreased in Gla-300 group compared to those in Deg group. The change in SD-FBG had a negative correlation with SD-FBG and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) at baseline and positive correlation with serum albumin levels at baseline in Gla-300 group. On the other hands, the change in SD-FBG had no correlation with these markers in Deg group.Conclusions: Switching from Deg to Gla-300 effectively stabilized blood glucose levels and decreased nocturnal hypoglycemia in insulin-dependent type 1 diabetes treated with Deg, especially in cases with low serum albumin, large GV, and high HbA1c.
The Genomic Characteristics of RET Fusion Positive Tumors in Chinese Non-small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) Patients
Authors: Wu Guowu , Guo Longhua , Gu Yinfang , Huang Tanxiao , Liu Ming , Zou Xiaofang , Yang Bo , Huang Ping , Wen Chunling , Yi Lilan , Liao Wenting , Zhao Dongdong , Zhu Junlin , Zhang Xiaoni , Liu Yuanyuan , Yin Yan , Chen Shifu
Published: July 2021

Background: Approximately 1-2% of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients harbor RET (rearranged during transfection) fusions. The oncogenic RET fusions could lead to constitutive kinase activation and oncogenesis.Methods: 1746 Chinese NSCLC patients were enrolled from in this study. Tumor tissues were collected during surgery, and were formalin fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) and archived. Peripheral blood (PB) samples were also collected from each patient as control. In addition, we selected 17 of them for cfDNA NGS testing and 14 tumor samples for immunohistochemistry testing using PD-L1 rabbit monoclonal antibody, clones 28-8 (Abcam, Cambridge, UK).Results: Of the 1746 NSCLC cases, RET rearrangements were identified in 25 cases (1.43 %) with locally advanced or metastatic NSCLC, of which 20 (80%) were female.We found that 14 out of 25 patients had an KIF5B-RET fusion, with KIF5B exon15-RET exon12, KIF5B exon23-RET exon12, and KIF5B exon24-RET exon11 detected in 14, 3, and 1 patients respectively. We also identified one novel RET fusion partner PLCE1 and 4 intergenic-breakpoint fusions. Conclusion: In this study, using the hybrid capture based NGS (the next generation sequencing) techniques, we revealed the genomic profiling for the patients with RET fusion-positive NSCLC. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study that exhibited the detailed breakpoints of Chinese NSCLC patients with RET rearrangement, and we found a novel new partner PLCE1. This result provides genomic information for personalized clinical management for patients with RET fusion in the era of precision medicine.
Association Between Menstrual Patterns and Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes in Patients with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Undergoing in Vitro Fertilization/Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection Embryo Transfer Cycles with The Long-Acting Long-Term Follicular Phase: A Retrospective Analysis
Authors: Yu Ting , Wu Di , Cao Yurong , Zhai Jun
Published: July 2021

Background

Menstrual patterns of patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is considered to be related to metabolism, but no study has analyzed the outcome of in vitro fertilization in patients with PCOS who have different menstrual patterns. This study aimed to observe the outcomes of in vitro fertilization in patients with PCOS with different menstrual patterns and infertility who used the long-acting long-term follicular phase
Methods

This was a retrospective analysis of the first cycle of in vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm injection (IVF/ICSI) at the Reproductive Medicine Center of the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from January 2017 to December 2019. The clinical data of 1620 patients with PCOS with oligomenorrhea or amenorrhea in the long-acting regimen. According to menstrual patterns, they were divided into the oligomenorrhea group and the amenorrhea group. Clinical characteristics, pregnancy outcome and fetal birth weight were compared between both groups. According to the pregnancy outcome of clinical pregnancy, participants were divided into the normal pregnancy group and the unfavorable pregnancy group. Logistic regression was used to analyze the relationship between menstrual patterns and the relevance of adverse pregnancy outcomes.
Results

Clinical pregnancy rates of patients with PCOS treated using long-acting long-term follicular phase were similar between the two groups (76.86% vs. 76.86%, p = 0.999). However, the incidence of adverse pregnancy outcomes in the amenorrhea group was higher than that in the oligomenorrhea group (p = 0.009). The incidences of macrosomia and very low birth weight in infants were also higher. Adjustment for confounding factors showed that menstrual patterns could influence the occurrence of adverse pregnancy outcomes (odds ratio = 0.643; 95% confidence interval, 0.406–0.961; p = 0.045). The body mass index, endometrial thickness on the day of hCG administration, and the number of eggs harvested were also independent predictors of poor pregnancy outcomes.
Conclusion(s):

Among PCOS patients with different menstrual patterns, IVF/ICSI assisted pregnancy can achieve similar pregnancy rates. However, patients with PCOS who have amenorrhea have a higher incidence of adverse pregnancy outcomes than those with oligomenorrhea. Perinatal surveillance should be strengthened during pregnancy to reduce the incidence of maternal and neonatal adverse outcomes.
A New Determination of Pan-Pathogen Antimicrobials
Authors: Prathapan Praveen
Published: July 2021

Drug repositioning studies in recent decades have revealed a growing number of antimicrobials effective at treating infection types tangential to their original antimicrobial classification. Such ‘pan-pathogen antimicrobials’ (or ‘broad-spectrum anti-infectives’) have not yet been formally characterised. This review examines historical limitations of the canonical antimicrobial lexicon in light of the contemporary model for infectious disease and propounds a taxonomy that defines antimicrobials according to the host-pathogen interactome, not the pathogen. By doing so, antimicrobials that are effective at treating multiple infection types are highlighted, namely azithromycin, ivermectin, niclosamide, and nitazoxanide. Recognition of the pan-pathogen nature of these antimicrobials can stimulate a more unified approach to antimicrobial development cognisant of generalised anti-infective mechanisms within the host-pathogen interactome and anticipatory of future pandemics and bioterrorist attacks.
Genome-wide identification and expression profiling of Alba gene family members in response to abiotic stress in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.)
Authors: Wai Antt Htet , Cho Lae-Hyeon , Waseem Muhammad , Lee Do-jin , Lee Je-Min , Kim Chang-Kil , Chung Mi-Young
Published: July 2021

Background Alba (Acetylation lowers binding affinity) proteins are an ancient family of nucleic acid-binding proteins that function in gene regulation, RNA metabolism, mRNA translatability, developmental processes, and stress adaptation. However, comprehensive bioinformatics analysis on the Alba gene family of Solanum lycopersicum has not been reported previously.Results In the present study, we undertook the first comprehensive genome-wide characterization of the Alba gene family in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.). We identified eight tomato Alba genes, which were classified into two groups: genes containing a single Alba domain and genes with a generic Alba domain and RGG/RG repeat motifs. Cis-regulatory elements and target sites for miRNAs, which function in plant development and stress responses, were prevalent in SlAlba genes. To explore the structure–function relationships of tomato Alba proteins, we predicted their 3D structures, highlighting their likely interactions with several putative ligands. Confocal microscopy revealed that SlAlba–GFP fusion proteins were localized to the nucleus and cytoplasm, consistent with putative roles in various signaling cascades. Expression profiling revealed the differential expression patterns of most SlAlba genes across diverse organs. SlAlba1 and SlAlba2 were predominantly expressed in flowers, whereas SlAlba5 expression peaked in 1 cm-diameter fruits. The SlAlba genes were differentially expressed (up- or downregulated) in response to different abiotic stresses. Furthermore, all but one of these genes were induced by abscisic acid treatment, pointing to their possible regulatory roles in stress tolerance via an abscisic acid-dependent pathway.Conclusions Our characterization of SlAlba genes should facilitate the discovery of additional genes associated with organ and fruit development as well as abiotic stress adaptation in tomato.
Identification and Validation of lncRNA-Related Prognostic Signatures in Cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Zhang JiaNing , Li Fengwei , Huang Yihua , Xue Hui , Tao Qifei , Zhuang Guokun , Ding Dongyang , Xuan Jianbing , Wang Kui , Zhou Weiping
Published: July 2021

Background and Aims: Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA), the second most common hepatobiliary cancer, is associated with poor prognosis. Therefore, there is a need to elucidate on the pathogenic mechanisms of CCA. In this study, we aimed at identifying lncRNA-related prognostic signatures for CCA through bioinformatics analysis and further validated their functions in CCA tumorigenesis and progression.Methods: The RNA-seq data of CCA were downloaded from public databases. Differentially expressed lncRNAs (DElncRNAs) were screened using R packages. Then, candidate OS- and DFS-related DElncRNAs were selected through Kaplan–Meier survival analysis. Furthermore, LASSO regression analyses were performed to establish two prognostic signatures, termed the OS and DFS signatures, respectively. Multivariate COX models and nomograms for overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) were established based on OS/DFS signature and clinical data. Hub lncRNAs were identified and enrichment analyses performed to explore their potential functions. Finally, in vitro and in vivo models were used to validate the effects of the hub lncRNAs in CCA tumorigenesis and progression.Results: A total of 925 DElncRNAs were selected, from which six candidate OS-related lncRNAs and 15 candidate DFS-related lncRNAs were identified. The OS and DFS signatures were then established using four lncRNAs, respectively. We found that the OS signature and vascular invasion were significant independent risk factors for OS outcomes of CCA, while the DFS signature, vascular invasion and CA19-9 were significant independent risk factors for DFS outcomes of CCA. MiR4435-2HG and GAPLINC were selected as hub lncRNAs because they were included in both OS and DFS signatures. GO and KEGG enrichment analyses revealed that the two hub lncRNAs were involved in CCA tumorigenesis and progression. Finally, we constructed in vitro and in vivo models and revealed that the lncRNAs, MiR4435-2HG and GAPLINC can prompt CCA proliferation and migration in vitro and in vivo.Conclusions: The established OS and DFS signatures, which were based on DElncRNAs, are independent risk factors for OS and DFS of CCA patients, respectively. MIR4435-2HG and GAPLINC were identified as hub lncRNAs. In vitro and in vivo models revealed that MiR4435-2HG and GAPLINC can prompt CCA progression, which might be novel prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets for CCA.
De-escalation of Antiplatelet Therapy Retains P2Y12 Inhibitor After Percutaneous Coronary Intervention Among East Asians and Non-East Asians: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Wang Ge , Wang Xiao , Zhao Guanqi , Huang Xin , Guo Ruifeng , Nie Shaoping
Published: July 2021

Background: The impact of de-escalation of antiplatelet therapy retains P2Y12 inhibitor on major bleeding and ischemic outcomes after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) among East Asians and non-East Asians was unclear.Methods: We systematically searched PubMed, Embase and the Cochrane Library for randomized controlled trials through September 2020. Eight trials were included, which studied de-escalation of DAPT (D-DAPT, switching to P2Y12 inhibitor monotherapy or decreasing the intensity of P2Y12 inhibitor after 1 to 3 months) versus 12 months standard DAPT (S-DAPT). The primary outcomes data were conducted with random effects models.Results: Among 8 included trials with 37,775 patients, 62.6% of patients presented with acute coronary syndrome. The median follow-up duration ranged from 12 to 24 months. Compared with S-DAPT, D-DAPT was associated with a lower risk of major bleeding (RR=0.64, 95%CI: 0.47-0.88, p=0.006), but this was only observed among East-Asians (RR=0.55, 95%CI: 0.38-0.81, p=0.002). Among non-East Asians, the rate of major bleeding was similar between two groups (RR=0.73, 95% CI: 0.46-1.14, p=0.17). There was no significant difference of MACE between D-DAPT and S-DAPT treatment among both East Asians (RR=0.84, 95%CI: 0.66-1.08, p=0.18) and non-East Asians (RR=0.89, 95%CI: 0.79-1.00, p=0.05).Conclusions: De-escalation strategy retains P2Y12 inhibitor after PCI was associated with reduced risk of bleeding events, which was only demonstrated in East Asians patients, but not in non-East Asians patients.
Landfill Site Selection via Geographical Information System and Fuzzy Logic in Uşak Province (Turkey)
Authors: Deniz Mehmet
Published: July 2021

The importance of landfill site selection has grown rapidly in recent years. New and various analytical techniques have also been developed due to recently conducted research. The techniques that have been developed for landfill site selection have been shaped according to the possibilities of the current time. In more recent years, along with breakthroughs in information systems technology, computer-assisted work designs and analytical techniques have come to the forefront. The intention of this study is to identify the best locations to serve as a landfill site across the provincial territory of Uşak, Turkey, while also making use of these modern technologies. This study utilizes the fuzzy logic methodology which has become common in recent years. The criteria set out in this study was digitalized through the design of base maps. ArcGIS 10.2 software was used for the formation of fuzzy membership values and fuzzy overlay procedures. The criteria that are common in the literature for fuzzy logic includes roads, rivers, airports, settlements, faults and landslides, slope, geology, soil, land use capability, and land use. As a result of this study, suitable and unsuitable locations for the purpose of landfilling were identified and mapped. These analyses show that the most optimal locations to serve as a landfill site are mostly located in the southwestern part of the Uşak province
Supramolecular nanomedicine for enhanced chemotherapy against drug-resistant colorectal cancer
Authors: Yan Xiangjie , Ma Feihe , Chen Qixian , Gou Xiangbo , Li Xiaohui , Zhang Liuwei , Gao Hui
Published: July 2021

The presence of Fusobacterium nucleatum (F. nucleatum) in the community of colorectal cancer (CRC) accounts for its chemotherapy resistance, which underlies the clinical failure of chemotherapeutics in the treatment of CRC. To resolve this drawback, we manufactured a novel multifaceted supramolecular nanomedicine capable of eliminating F. nucleatum, minimizing the non-specific toxicity to normal tissues, and maximizing anti-tumor efficacy. The supramolecular nanomedicine was constructed by conjugating lauric acid (LA) and platinum (IV) oxaliplatin prodrug (OxPt-COOH) to hyperbranched poly(glycidol) (PG), followed by addition of cucurbit[7]uril (CB[7]) to elicit supramolecular assembly. In principle, LA is schemed to eliminate the F. nucleatum in CRC, thereby enhancing chemotherapeutic efficacy of OxPt. CB[7] facilitates host − guest complexation with OxPt, allowing its activation specifically in the spermine-overexpressed CRC tumors and thus reducing the potential toxicity to normal tissues. Moreover, CB[7] conduces to supramolecular assembly between the self-assembly units of PG-Pt-LA nanoparticles, representing a novel size-transformable supramolecular nanomedicine (PG-Pt-LA/CB[7]), whose hydrodynamic diameter is approximately 200 nm in blood circulation and decreases to approximately 10 nm upon arrival at tumors due to its responsiveness to spermine, which can address the dilemma of long circulation and deep penetration existed in nanomedicine. In vivo investigations reveal that our proposed supramolecular nanomedicine possesses prolonged blood circulation, enhanced permeation and retention effect in tumors. In F. nucleatum co-localized HT29 mouse model, PG-Pt-LA/CB[7] is validated to be a targeted, safe and effective nanomedicine that substantially promoted the chemotherapeutic efficacy in the treatment of drug-resistant CRC through inhibiting autophagy induced by F. nucleatum. These findings demonstrate our multifaceted supramolecular nanomedicine can effectively overcome drug resistance of chemotherapy caused by bacteria, providing a valid strategy for clinic treatment of intractable CRC.
Assessment of Intracardiac and Extracardiac Anomalies in Patients with Various Types of Pulmonary Atresia by Low-dose Dual-source Computed Tomography
Authors: Qian Wen-lei , Zhou Xin-zhu , Shi Ke , Jiang Li , Liu Xi , Shen Li-ting , Yang Zhi-gang
Published: July 2021

Background: pulmonary atresia (PA) is a group of heterogeneous complex congenital heart disease which need more than one study modality to get correct diagnoses. This study aims to investigate the diagnostic power of low-dose dual-source computed tomography (DSCT) for all intracardiac and extracardiac anomalies in patients with PA compared with transthoracic echocardiography (TTE).Materials and methods: This retrospective study enrolled 73 patients and divided them into three groups according to their main diagnosis. All associated malformation and clinical information, including treatments, were recorded and compared among the three groups. The diagnostic power of DSCT and TTE on all associated anomalies were compared. The surgical index (McGoon ratio, pulmonary arterials index (PAI), and total neopulmonary arterial index) and radiation dose were calculated on the basis of DSCT.Results: Of the patients, 29, 29, and 15 were divide into the groups of PA with ventricular septal defect (VSD), PA with VSD and major aortopulmonary collateral arteries, and PA with other major malformations, respectively. Consequently, 178, 144, and 12 intracardiac, extracardiac, and other major anomalies were diagnosed, respectively. Moreover, DSCT showed a better diagnostic performance in extracardiac anomalies (137 vs 100, p = 0.000), whereas TTE could diagnose intracardiac anomalies better (158 vs 134, p = 0.001). The McGoon ratio, PAI, and treatment methods were significantly different among the three groups (p = 0.027, p = 0.035, and p = 0.041, respectively).Conclusion: More than one imaging modality should be used to make a correct diagnosis when clinically suspecting PA. DSCT is superior to TTE in diagnosing extracardiac anomalies and could be used to roughly calculate surgical indices to optimize treatment strategy.
The Proteome, Not the Transcriptome, Predicts that Oocyte Superovulation Affects Embryonic Phenotypes in Mice
Authors: Taher Leila , Israel Steffen , Drexler Hannes , Makalowski Wojciech , Suzuki Yutaka , Fuellen Georg , Boiani Michele
Published: July 2021

Superovulation is the epitome for generating oocytes for molecular embryology in mice, and it is used to model medically assisted reproduction in humans. Yet whether a superovulated oocyte is normal, is an open question. This study establishes for the first time that superovulation is associated with proteome changes that bear on phenotypic traits in mice, whereas the transcriptome is far less predictive. The proteins that were differentially expressed in superovulated mouse oocytes and their derived embryos relative to their naturally ovulated counterparts were enriched in ontology terms describing abnormal mammalian phenotypes: a thinner zona pellucida, a smaller oocyte diameter, increased cleavage arrest, and defective blastocyst formation, which we could all verify functionally. Moreover, our findings indicate that embryos with such abnormalities are negatively selected during preimplantation, and ascribe these abnormalities to incomplete ovarian maturation during the time of the conventional superovulation, since they could be corrected upon postponement of the ovulatory stimulus by 24 h. Our data place constraints on the common view that superovulated oocytes are suited to draw conclusions of general validity about developmental processes, and underscore the importance of including the proteins in a modern molecular definition of oocyte quality.
Establishment of an artificial neural network model using immune-infiltration related factors for endometrial receptivity assessment
Authors: Li Bohan , Duan Hua , Wang Sha , Wu Jiajing , Li Yazhu
Published: July 2021

Background
A comprehensive clinical strategy for infertility involves treatment and, more importantly, post-treatment evaluation. Endometrial receptivity, as a component of assessment, does not have a validated tool. This study was anchored on immune factors, which act as critical factors affecting embryonic implantation, was aimed at establishing novel approaches for assessing endometrial receptivity to guide clinical practice.
Methods
Immune-infiltration levels in the GSE58144 dataset (n = 115) from GEO were analyzed by digital deconvolution and validated by immunofluorescence (n = 30). Modules that were most associated with M1/M2 macrophages and their hub genes were then selected by weighted gene co-expression network as well as univariate analyses and validated by GSE5099 macrophage dataset and qPCR analysis (n = 16). Finally, the artificial neural network model was established from hub genes and its predictive efficacy was validated in the GSE165004 dataset (n = 72).
Results
Dysregulation of the ratio of M1 to M2 macrophages is an important factor contributing to decreased endometrial receptivity. Selected hub genes, RPS9, DUT, and KIAA0430, were significantly altered in patients with endometrial receptivity decreased and found relating to M1/M2 through ribosomal and proteasomal pathways, and were significantly altered in patients. The model established by the selected hub genes exhibited an excellent predictive value in both datasets with an accuracy of 98.3% and an AUC of 0.975 (95% CI 0.945-1).
Conclusions
M1/M2 polarization can influence endometrial receptivity by the three genes regulation, while the established ANN model can effectively assess endometrial receptivity to inform patients' pregnancy and individualized clinical management strategies.
Does Socioeconomic Environment Is A Risk Factor For Malaria In Senegal ? A DHS Data Analysis of Malaria Trends From 2010 To 2016 In Senegal
Authors: Sougou Ndeye Mareme , Faye Adama , Leye Mamadou Makhtar Mbacké , Bassoum Oumar , Seck Ibrahima
Published: July 2021

Introduction Analysis of the evolution of malaria will help address the determinants of malaria elimination in this country. The aim of this study is to analyze the evolution of malaria in Senegal from 2010 to 2016.MethodsThis article uses data from the Senegalese Demographic and Health Surveys (for 2010-2011, 2012-2013, 2014, 2015 and 2016. To assess the factors associated with the positivity of the RDT, a multivariate logistic analysis was conducted to account for the effect of confounding factors. Adjusted odds ratios were calculated with their 95% confidence intervals. The dependent variable was the result of the Malaria rapid diagnostic test. ResultsThe malaria prevalence rate varies from 3.01% in 2010 to 0.87% in 2016. The risk factors associated with the evolution of malaria were the age of the child (4 years (aOR=1.82 [1.14-2.89]) and 5 years (aOR=1.98 [1.21-3.25]). The richest wealth quintile was a protective factor against malaria with aOR=0.02 [0-0.18]. Other protective factors against malaria were the construction characteristics of the houses. These are houses with improved wall and roof materials with aOR 0.45 [0.24-0.85] and 0.48 [0.25-0.93] respectively.Conclusion Factors associated with the evolution of malaria in Senegal are children’s age, level of wealth of the household and type of dwelling in the house. It should be noted that the level of development of countries, by influencing better living conditions for communities, remains an important prerequisite for the elimination of malaria in the African sub region and in Senegal in particular.
Heavily Calcified Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumour of Stomach: A Diagnostic Dilemma
Authors: Har Bappaditya , Kapoor Vinay Kumar , Behari A
Published: July 2021

Gastrointestinal stromal tumours (GIST) are the most common mesenchymal tumour of gastrointestinal tract and the stomach being the most commonly involved organ. Focal calcification may be seen in GIST but prominent or heavy calcification is rare. Gastric mass with prominent calcification on imaging may create a diagnostic dilemma. We present a rare case of gastric GIST with heavy calcification in a 55 years old female presenting with abdominal lump. Computed tomography (CT) showed a large heterogenous juxta gastric mass with solid-cystic component with heavy calcification. She underwent laparotomy and en-bloc gastric sleeve resection with the mass. Microscopic examination showed tumour with spindle cell and calcification with mitotic index of 6/50 High power field. Immunoreactivity with Vimentin, CD34 and DOG 1 confirmed diagnosis of GIST. Dystrophic calcification of necrotic or degenerative tissue is thought to be cause of calcification in GIST. Very few cases of heavily calcified GIST have been reported in literature, our case is of interest because presence of solid cystic component and a huge size ~ 14 cm (longest diameter).
Power Consumption Characteristics Research on Mobile System of Electrically Driven Large-Load-Ratio Six-Legged Robot
Authors: Zhuang Hong-Chao , Wang Ning , Gao Hai-Bo , Deng Zong-Quan
Published: July 2021

To research the power consumption characteristics of mobile system of an electrically driven large-load-ratio six-legged robot with engineering capability is beneficial to speed up it toward practicability. Based on the configuration and walking modes of robot, the mathematical model of the power consumption of mobile system is set up. In view of the tripod gait is often selected for the six-legged robots, the simplified power consumption model of mobile system under the tripod gait is established by means of reducing the dimension of the robot's statically indeterminate problem and constructing the equal force distribution. Then, the power consumption of robot mobile system is solved under different working conditions. The variable tendencies of the power consumption of robot mobile system are respectively obtained with changes in the rotational angles of hip joint and knee joint, body height, and span. The articulated rotational zones and the ranges of body height and span are determined under the lowest power consumption. According to the walking experiments of prototype, the variable tendencies of the average power consumption of robot mobile system are respectively acquired with changes in the duty ratio, body height, and span. Then, the feasibility and correctness of theory analysis are verified in the power consumption of robot mobile system. The proposed analysis method in this paper can provide a reference on the lower power research of the large-load-ratio multi-legged robots.