bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Efficacy and Safety of Mizoribine for the Treatment of Refractory Nephrotic Syndrome: Protocol for a Multicenter, Controlled, Open-label, Randomized Controlled Trial (Preprint)
Authors: Dong Zheyi , Zhou Jianhui , Xu Zhonggao , Ni Zhaohui , He Yani , Lin Hongli , Jiang Gengru , Sun Xuefeng , Zhang Li , Chen Xiangmei
Published: June 2023

BACKGROUND

Nephrotic syndrome that is resistant to steroid therapy is termed refractory nephrotic syndrome (RNS), a condition that is associated with an increased risk of end-stage renal disease. Immunosuppressants are used to treat RNS; however, prolonged use may lead to significant adverse effects. Mizoribine (MZR) is a novel agent used in long-term immunosuppressive therapy, which has few adverse effects, but data on its long-term use in patients with RNS are unavailable.

OBJECTIVE

We propose a trial to examine the efficacy and safety of MZR compared with cyclophosphamide (CYC) in Chinese adult patients with RNS.

METHODS

This is a multicenter, randomized, controlled interventional study with a screening phase (1 week) and a treatment phase (52 weeks). This study has been reviewed and approved by the Medical Ethics Committees of all 34 medical centers that are participating. Patients with RNS consent to participation, and are enrolled and randomized to an MZR group or a CYC group (1:1 ratio), with each group receiving tapering doses of oral corticosteroids. Participants are assessed for adverse effects, and laboratory results are collected at 8 visits during the treatment phase (weeks 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 32, 44, and 52 [exit visit]). Participants are able to withdraw voluntarily, and investigators are required to remove patients when there are safety concerns or deviations from the protocol.

RESULTS

The study started in November 2014 and was completed in March 2019. A total of 239 participants from 34 hospitals in China have been enrolled. Data analysis has been completed. The results are being finalized by the Center for Drug Evaluation.

CONCLUSIONS

This study examines the safety and efficacy of MZR as a long-term treatment approach for Chinese adults with RNS. It is the longest lasting and largest randomized controlled trial to examine MZR in Chinese patients. The results can help determine whether RNS should be considered as an additional indication for MZR treatment in China.

CLINICALTRIAL

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02257697; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02257697

INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT

RR1-10.2196/46101
Investigating Effects of Teacher’s Using Authentic Texts on Cognitive Reading Engagement of Vietnamese EFL Students
Authors: Nguyen Huu Phat , Huynh Ngoc Tai , Nguyen Phuong-Nam Thi
Published: June 2023

The study examines the effects of teacher’s using authentic texts on EFL students’ cognitive reading engagement related to four variables including (i) reading comprehension, (ii) oral response to reading, (iii) reaction paragraph, and (iv) students’ perceptions of learning to read. Participants included 52 Vietnamese undergraduate students of EFL pre-intermediate level. The data of the study were collected through reading tests for the first three variables and a 32- item questionnaire for the fourth variable. Results revealed that students in the experimental condition achieved significantly better understanding of reading comprehension after the intervention course. In terms of reflection after reading and creating a reaction paragraph, the holistic quality of oral response and the reaction paragraph was significantly improved for both groups from a peer rating. However, students in the experimental group showed a more dramatic increase. Moreover, the findings of the questionnaire showed that students in the intervention course achieved a more positive perception of their learning to read.
Lead Nitrate Toxicity in the Suprabranchial Chamber and Air Sac of an Air Breathing Cat Fish Heteropneustes Fossilis(Bloch)
Authors: Mishra Sachchida Nand
Published: June 2023

Abstract: Suprabranchial chamber and air sac is a vital accessory respiratory organ help the air breathing fish in ambient oxygen consumption which is one of the primary metabolic need for the survival of the the fish. Heteropneustes fossilis is an air breathing cat fish also capable to use atmospheric oxygen through their suprabranchial chamber and air sac which is known as its accessory respiratory organ. Lead nitrate, as a prominent heavy metal, when discharged directly in to water body as industrial waste, adversely effect in the capacity of oxygen consumtion of the fish by inducing toxic effect in the respiratory organs, gills, suprabranchial chamber and air sac of accessory respiratory organ. This study provide a background for evaluating the possible danger for human health resulting for consumption of the heavy metals toxicity affected fish. The toxic effect of Lead nitrate appear to be two types, one that occurs on a short term exposure to the toxicant evidenced by fish death and the other of chronic or long term effect detected by the constant changes in the normal biological system of the test fish.
Construction of Canal Lining Using Nylon Net
Authors: Shivekar Nishant , Nalawade Vicky , Pawar Abhinandan , Kasalkar Sourabh , Janvekar Kartik
Published: June 2023

Abstract: The nylon fibers are used in manufacture of various products like carpet, rope, clothes, tires and other durable materials. The reason for using nylon fiber is that it has good hardness, resilience and durability; is readily available in different colors, can be dyed, resistant to soil and dirt, good abrasion and wearing characteristic, availability in different cross-section. The Nylon fiberproduction, though, affects the environment and the disposal of these fibers poses more severe threat. In this regard, use of nylon fiber as ingredient in cement concrete is promising as it provided an alternative method of disposal and fibers, owing to their alsoimprove strength and durability of concrete. The addition of nylon fiber has also been reported to improved durability of concrete,the fibers protect concrete cover from spilling due to bonding character. In present study, nylon fibers are added to normal strengthcement concrete in various proportions andits effects onworkability, compressive strength, and tensile strengthisreported. The nylon fiber is used in variety of applications owing to its high strength, resilience and durability but its disposal poses a serious threat in environment. The use of nylon fiber in concrete hence gives good alternative to the disposal and fibers in turnimpart useful characteristics to concrete. In present study, various proportions of nylon fiber are added in concrete and its effect onworkability, compressive strengthand tensile strengthisreported.
Experimental Study on Conventional Recycled Aggregate Concrete Associate with Micro Silica
Authors: Chavan Ketan S. , Wagh Prof. Manoj P.
Published: June 2023

Abstract: The ongoing need for infrastructure around the world as a result of continued population growth suggests that more aggregate and cement will be needed in the manufacture of concrete. This would eventually result in greater carbon emissions, increased resource extraction, and depletion. The increasing aggregate and cement requirements are a result of the constant global demand for concrete. More extraction occurs as a result, depleting natural gravel resources and increasing CO2 emissions from quarrying operations. Construction costs and carbon emissions could both be reduced by partially substituting recycled material for natural aggregate. Fine aggregate, coarse aggregate, potable water, and the cement-based binder make up the heterogeneous material known as concrete. The heterogeneity is increased more by the presence of coarse particles. An aggregate consumes about 60% to 75% of the overall volume of concrete. The aim of this research work was to develop high performance concrete using recycled coarse aggregate, microsilica, and synthetic macro fibre with the object to boost higher use of recycled coarse aggregate in the construction industry. Concrete is most important material used in the construction industry. Large amount of natural aggregates were used in concrete, this causes the nature. Now a day’s many structures are demolished & rebuilt, demolishing of structures causes problem with dumping of waste material. An important aspect of sustainable construction is recycling or reuse of the construction material and demolition waste. It will maintain a friendly green environment. Recycled aggregates has micro cracks on its surface causes low strength, low workability of concrete. This draw back can be avoided by using micro silica. In this paper experimental results were shown for recycled aggregate incorporating with micro silica.
Analisis Resiko Low Back Pain Pada Pekerja PT.Pratama Citra Parama ReadyMix And Precast
Authors: Rosadi Rakhmad , Wahyu Devriska , Prastowo Bayu , Rahayu Putri Sukma , Wardojo Sri Sunaringsih Ika
Published: June 2023

Sikap kerja yang tidak ergonomis seperti duduk yang membungkuk dan statis dan bekerja dalam jangka waktu yang lama akan memicu timbulnya keluhan muskuloskeletal seperti ketegangan otot dan rasa nyeri pada area punggung bawah. Keluhan ini akan berdampak pada penurunan kemampuan fungsional punggung bawah, sehingga menyebabkan penurunan produktivitas pada pekerja. Tujuan dari analisis ini yaitu untuk mengetahui ergonomic dan risiko terjadinya Low Back Pain pada pekerja.  Pemeriksaan pada analisis ini menggunakan metode penilaian kuisoner Nordyc Body Map (NMB), dengan 26 populasi pekerja yang ada di perusahaan PT. Pratama Citra Parama. Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan September 2021 selama 2 minggu. Setelah memenuhi kriteria inklusi diperoleh 7 responden dengan durasi kerja selama 8 jam yang disertai posisi duduk tidak ergonomis. Terdapat potensi terjadinya risiko Low Back Pain pada pekerja di perusahaan PT. Pratama Citra Parama ReadyMix and Precast Singosari.
Low Back Pain Myogenic Post-Partum: Studi Kasus
Authors: Rahayu Putri Sukma , Ulmiyah Galuh Laraswati , Prastowo Bayu
Published: June 2023

Prevalensi tingkat resiko low back pain mencapai 95% dari populasi di dunia. Prevalensi tersebut mengalami peningkatan setiap tahunnya mengikuti prevalensi jumlah penduduk. Penelitian ini berfokus pada permasalahan low back pain myogenic yang disebabkan oleh post-partum. Pendekatan studi kasus ini dilakukan di klinik asya therapy center selama satu bulan. Responden ditetapkan berdasarkan pemeriksaan fisioterapi dan diberikan serangkaian intervensi elektrofisika serta terapi latihan. Penilaian studi menggunakan evaluasi oswestry disability index tidak menunjukkan adanya hasil yang spesifik dalam rentang waktu intervensi 4 (empat) kali pertemuan.  Penentuan fekuensi, intervensi, time, dan type penatalaksanaan menjadi parameter utama dalam efektifitas fisiologis.
Method Development and Validation of Fluconazole and Ivermectin in pure and Combined Dosage form using UV by Q- absorption ratio and Vierotd’s method
Authors: Swetha Sri R , Sowmya Goli , Sumakanth Mogili
Published: June 2023

Multicomponent analysis involves simultaneous estimation of drug substances in combined dosage form. A comparative study between Q-Absorption ratio technique and Simultaneous Equation Method has been established for effective implication of the developed method. Numerous trials were performed as a part of solvent selection, both the drugs under study Fluconazole (FLN) and Ivermectin (IVR) have shown good solubility in methanol (Spectroscopic Grade). The absorption maxima (λmax) were found to be 261nm for FLU and 245nm for IVR respectively. Both the drugs were showing same extinction coefficient (Isosbestic point) at 261nm. A comparative study is proposed to be established for simultaneous equation and Q-absorption ratio method. Between the concentration and absorbance, calibration curves revealed a linear relationship. The regression line equation was established and identified r2 for Fluconazole and Ivermectin is 0.999 and 0.999. Fluconazole and Ivermectin were assessed by the validated method when each of the drug individually subjected to various stress conditions like concentrated acidic, basic, peroxide, excessive light and thermal. For estimation, the suggested approach was used for drug content in locally available marketed formulations which has proven successful for routine analysis of the same with the application of vierotd’s as well as Q-absorption method.
Pengaruh Kompensasi dan Pengalaman Kerja Terhadap Produktivitas Kerja Karyawan Departemen Food and Beverage Service
Authors: Ento Felicia Meydina , Lestari Denok , Wirawan Putu Eka
Published: June 2023

Kompensasi menjadi pendorong seseorang melaksanakan suatu kegiatan guna mendapatkan hasil yang terbaik, sedangkan pengalaman kerja perlu diperhatikan sesuai dengan pengalaman kerja untuk melaksanakan kerja dengan efisien. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh kompensasi dan pengalaman kerja terhadap produktifitas kerja karyawan departemen food and beverage service di Hotel Swiss-Belinn Singkawang. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode kuantitatif. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan kuesioner dengan sampel sebanyak 20 karyawan departemen Food and BeverageService. Hasil penelitian adalah nilai F hitung sebesar 35,696 dan F tabel 3,59. kompensasi berpengaruh positif dan signifikan secara parsial terhadap produktifitas kerja dengan koefisien regresi sebesar 0,515 dan nilai t hitung sebesar 2,351 dan sig 0,000. Pengalaman Kerja berpengaruh positif dan signifikan secara parsial terhadap produktivitas kerja dengan koefisien regresi sebesar 0,136 dan nilai t hitung sebesar 0,978 dan sig 0,342. Kompensasi tidak berpengaruh positif dan tidak signifikan secara parsial terhadap produktivitas kerja dengan koefisien regresi sebesar 0,978 dan nilai t hitung sebesar 2,351 dan sig 0,000.
 
Compensation becomes a driver for someone to carry out an activity to get the best results, while work experience needs to be considered in accordance with work experience to carry out work efficiently. The purpose of this study was to find out the effect of compensation and work experience on the work productivity of employees of the food and beverage service department at Hotel Swiss-Belinn Singkawang. The method used in this study is a quantitative method. The data collection technique uses questionnaires with a sample of 20 employees of the Food and Beverage Service department. The results of the study were the calculated F value of 35,696 and the F table 3.59. Compensation has a positive and partially significant effect on work productivity with regression coefficients of 0.515 and t-count values of 2.351 and sig 0.000. Work experience has a positive and partially significant effect on work productivity with regression coefficients of 0.136 and t-count values of 0.978 and sig 0.342. Compensation had no positive and partially insignificant effect on work productivity with regression coefficients of 0.978 and t-count values of 2.351 and sig 0.000.
Analisis Strategi Bauran Pemasaran Event Organizer Pada Masa Pandemi Covid-19
Authors: Surbakti Karin Charissa Br , Tunjungsari Komang Ratih , Susanti Luh Eka
Published: June 2023

Virus covid-19 memberi dampak buruk pada banyak bidang usaha termasuk event organizer. Adanya larangan mengadakan acara membuat penjualan event menurun. Agar perusahaan dapat meningkatkan penjualan diperlukan strategi pemasaran yang tepat. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis strategi bauran pemasaran 4P pada CV Matakail Communication. Metode penelitian ini adalah deskriptif dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Teknik analisis menggunakan Data Reduction, Data Display, Conclusion Drawing /Verification. Hasil dari penelitian menunjukkan strategi bauran pemasaran yang meliputi Product, Price, Place, Promotion sudah berjalan dengan cukup baik. Produk dari Matakail Communication adalah seminar, exhibition, road show, business gathering, creative design, brand activation, product launching, opening ceremony. Strategi price fleksibel menyesuaikan dengan permintaan jenis event dari konsumen. Untuk sistem digital management Matakail memberikan harga jual sekitar 8-12 juta rupiah. Place dari CV Matakail Communication Medan beralamat di Jl.Bunga Terompet, Gang Balai Kelurahan Sempakata, Kec.Medan Selayang-Kota Medan dan untuk venue event dilakukan dengan cara actual & virtual event. Strategi promotion dilakukan secara digital promotion dan direct promotion. Pada masa pandemi covid-19 ditemukan adanya aktivitas event di CV Matakail Communication Medan dengan penjualan sejumlah 11 event.
 
The COVID-19 virus has had a negative impact on many business fields, including event organizers. The existence of a ban on holding events makes event sales decline. In order for companies to increase sales, the right marketing strategy is needed. This study aims to analyze the 4P marketing mix strategy at CV Matakail Communication. This research method is descriptive with a qualitative approach. The analysis technique uses Data Reduction, Data Display, Conclusion Drawing / Verification. The results of the study show that the marketing mix strategy which includes Product, Price, Place, Promotion has been running quite well. Products from Matakail Communication are seminars, exhibitions, road shows, business gatherings, creative design, brand activation, product launching, opening ceremonies. The price strategy is flexible according to the demand for the type of event from consumers. For the digital management system, Matakail provides a selling price of around 8-12 million rupiah. Place from CV Matakail Communication Medan is located at Jl. Bunga Terompet, Gang Balai Kelurahan Sempakata, Kec. Medan Selayang-Kota Medan and the event venue is carried out by actual & virtual events. The promotion strategy is carried out by digital promotion and direct promotion. During the COVID-19 pandemic, it was found that there were event activities at CV Matakail Communication Medan with sales of 11 events.
Landas Kontinen Ekstensi dalam Hukum Internasional dan Praktik di Indonesia
Authors: Wulandari Early
Published: June 2023

Laut kaya akan barang-barang tambang mineral yang tidak ternilai harganya, yang diharapkan akan dapat memenuhi kebutuhan dunia apabila sumber-sumber mineral di daratan sudah tidak mencukupi atau habis sama sekali. Hal ini mendorong negara-negara pantai, termasuk Indonesia untuk melakukan eksplorasi dan eksploitasi terhadap wilayah laut termasuk wilayah landas kontinen yang menjadi yurisdiksinya. Salah satu cara untuk meningkatkan wilayah di mana negara dapat mengeksplorasi dan mengeksploitasi sumber daya mineralnya adalah dengan menerapkan Landas Kontinen Ekstensi. Tujuan penulisan artikel ini menjelaskan perkembangan dan regulasi Landas Kontinen Ekstensi yang meliputi persyaratannya, hak berdaulat atasnya, dan peran Komisi Batas-batas Landas Kontinen. Artikel ini kemudian menganalisis praktik Landas Kontinen Ekstensi di Indonesia. Dengan demikian, timbul suatu pertanyaan yaitu bagaimana pengaturan Internasional dan Nasional mengenai Landas Kontinen Ekstensi serta bagaimana praktik Landas Kontinen Ekstensi di Indonesia. Dasar hukum yang kuat akan memberikan Indonesia pengaturan lebih lanjut untuk menerapkan Landas Kontinen Ekstensi dan rencana pemanfaatan Landas Kontinen Ekstensi nya.

Kata Kunci: Landas Kontinen Ekstensi; Hukum Laut Internasional; Eksplorasi dan Eksploitasi.
TEACHERS’ PERCEPTION ON VOCABULARY TEACHING TECHNIQUES AT SMAN 14 SIGI
Authors: Muthmainnah Muthmainnah , Nadrun Nadrun , Dewi Anjar
Published: June 2023

The aim of this research is to find out the techniques used by the teachers in teaching vocabulary at SMA Negeri 14 Sigi and to find the students’ responses toward the teachers’ tecniques in teaching vocabulary at SMA Negeri 14 Sigi. This study employed descriptive qualitative research. The research instruments used to collect the data were interview and questionnaire. The findings show that there are two English teachers in SMA Negeri 14 Sigi, the first teacher (Y) used three techniques in teaching vocabulary: jumble word, making a match and games. Meanwhile the second teacher (E) used two techniques in teaching vocabulary: using picture and using video. The teacher used those techniques to improve students’ vocabulary mastery. The teacher can give the material clearly to the students by using those techniques. Based on the questionnaire, mostly the students were interested in learning by used that techniques. so can be seen if they enjoy the teaching learning process of English. The implication of this findings is the teacher needs to use other techniques that is interesting in teaching learning process and also use the other media to support teaching learning process.
PERCEPTION ON THE USE OF ZOOM IN SPEAKING CLASS OF THE THIRD YEAR STUDENTS AT TADULAKO UNIVERSITY
Authors: Triansyah Muhammad , Manurung Konder , Wahyudin Wahyudin
Published: June 2023

This study aims to know students' perceptions on the use of zoom in speaking class as an alternative solution. Whether the use of zoom as a media of online learning in speaking class is perceived positive or negative during pandemic eras of covid-19. The subjects of this research were 47 students of class 2019, the academic year 2021–2022, at Tadulako University of English Education Study Program. The research was mix method research with embedded design. The instruments used to collect data are questionnaires and interviews. The results of data analysis show that the use of zoom in speaking class perceived negatively by the student, there are many aspects influenced such as: the use of zoom application in speaking class could not fulfill the evaluation aspects of speaking skills itself, instability of internet connection interfere in the midst of knowledge transfer, financial problem in purchasing internet package, and students lack of initiative in upgrading their speaking achievement. However, there are also some positive perception that is found in this study regarding the use of zoom as a media of learning. The students agreed that the use of zoom application is helpful and could help the student learn autonomously which change their learning habit and support students to be actively engaged during speaking class. This implies that the use of the zoom application is not appropriate to be use in speaking classes. In addition, students agree that the zoom application cannot help them improve their speaking skills.
TEACHERS’ STRATEGIES IN TEACHING ENGLISH DURING PANDEMIC COVID-19
Authors: Parusi Jumrah AM , Said Mawardin M. , Mashuri Mashuri
Published: June 2023

At the end of 2019, the world was shocked by the Covid-19 virus in Wuhan, China. This situation requires teaching and learning activities to be carried out at home. This research aims to find out the teachers’ strategies in teaching English during Pandemic Covid-19 at SMP Islam Terpadu Qurrata 'Ayun Palu. This research used qualitative descriptive method. Data collection was carried out with questionnaire and recorded interview procedure. The subjects of the research  were two English teachers. Based on the results of the research, the researcher can draw the conclusion that the strategies used by teachers are first is communicative language teaching and many types of applications, second is class management. The strategies used by teachers were quite effective and increased students' interest in learning, so that students are motivated to learn English during the pandemic.
IDENTIFICATION OF STUDENTS’ DIFFICULTY IN WRITING EXPOSITORY ESSAY
Authors: Rizaldi Fahmi , Mukrim Mukrim , Hastini Hastini
Published: June 2023

This study aims to identify English Education Study Program students’ writing problems and how they solve them in expository essays. Whether the problems that occurred may the students solve or not. The subjects of this research were 8 students of English Education Study Program. The research was a case study approach by applied qualitative. The instruments used to collect the data were tests and interviews. The result of data analysis showed that students struggle with generating ideas, vocabulary grammatical elements such as tenses, subject-verb agreement, spelling, and sentence structure while writing in English. To overcome those problems, students browsed on the internet to find other references, Grammarly to correct grammatical errors, and an electronic dictionary to translate Indonesian terms into English Terms. This implies that the students need to work on selecting the appropriate language for the subject of their writing.
ANALYSIS OF TEACHING METHODS USED BY JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOLS ENGLISH TEACHERS
Authors: Uliyah Mujizatul , Nadrun Nadrun , Dewi Anjar Kusuma
Published: June 2023

The purpose of this research is to find the teaching methods of English teachers at SMP Negeri 02 Dapurang. This research used a qualitative research design. Observation and interviews were the data collection techniques. The subject was the English teachers at SMP Negeri 02 Dapurang. Based on the results of the observation and interview, it was found that the methods used by the English teachers are the Audiolingual method and the Eclectic method in teaching English. Because these methods are considered suitable and easy to apply and understand by students who have a low level of English competence, especially at SMP Negeri 02 Dapurang. In the Audiolingual method, the teacher applied drill repetition or word repetition technique, and for the application of the Eclectic method, the teachers used dialogue conversation, reading aloud, and word and sentence translation
IDENTIFYING STUDENTS' PERCEPTION IN LEARNING ENGLISH VOCABULARY THROUGH FAST VOCABULARY GAME
Authors: Amanda Esti , Nadrun Nadrun , Wahyudin Wahyudin , Rofiqoh Rofiqoh
Published: June 2023

This research aims to discover students' perception of learning English vocabulary through Fast Vocabulary Game. A qualitative approach was used in this research. The subject was the grade VII students at SMPN 2 Dapurang Pasangkayu who have experienced using the Fast Vocabulary Game. The instruments used were questionnaires and interview questions. There were nine questions in the questionnaires filled out by five respondents. Two informants answered five questions in the interview. The result indicates that students' perception of learning English vocabulary through Fast Vocabulary is dominantly positive. Learning English vocabulary using the game is easy, enjoyable, fun, and accessible as long as an internet connection is available. The vocabulary that is available in the game is easy to understand. Fast vocabulary game makes it easier for students to learn and memorize new vocabulary.
LEARNING STRATEGIES APPLIED BY SUCCESSFUL EFL LEARNERS IN SPEAKING
Authors: Mbani Nurmakfira , Komaruddin Abdul , Mashuri Mashuri , Rofiqoh Rofiqoh
Published: June 2023

Research objectives describe what researchers want to achieve through research. This research will apply a qualitative descriptive design. Therefore, to find out the learning strategies applied by successful speaking students, the subjects in this research were students of Tadulako University, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, class C English Education 2018. This research aims to determine the learning strategies used by successful EFL students in speaking English. The subject of this research is students who get grades B+ to A in speaking four; 15 participants were obtained from DPNA and used the purposive sampling technique, and respondents who had good answers continued to the interview stage. This interview stage uses a snowball sampling research technique. Data collection uses a google forms questionnaire and interviews. As for the strategies, There are five strategies that the researcher obtained through interviews and from the 15 statements in the questionnaire, two strategies became the dominant strategy used. The highest percentage was 2 with 60% results, and other questions were brought from 60%.
IMPROVING WRITING SKILL THROUGH FREE WRITING TECHNIQUE
Authors: Gufrana Gufrana , Darmawan Darmawan , Afrillia Afrillia
Published: June 2023

This research aimed to prove whether Free Writing Technique could improve the eighth-grade students' skills in writing descriptive text. The researcher used a quasi-experimental research design. The population of this research was the eighth-grade students at SMP Negeri 1 Dampal Selatan, consisting of 3 classes. The sample was chosen using a random sampling technique to select an experimental and control group. The samples were class VIII B as the experimental group and class VIII c as the control group. The pretest result showed that the experimental group's mean score was 47.91, while the control group's was 48.75. The mean score of the experimental group on the posttest was significantly improved from 47.91 to 76.25. Furthermore, the result of the data analysis showed that the t-counted value of 2.82 was higher than the t-table value of 2.02 by applying a 0.05 level of significance and 38 degrees of freedom. Therefore, the hypothesis of this research was accepted. In conclusion, the eighth-grade students' skill in writing descriptive text at SMP Negeri 1 Dampal Selatan can be improved through Free Writing Technique.
STUDY ON THE IMPLEMENTATION OF SONGS IN TEACHING VOCABULARY
Authors: Juliana Riska , Marunung Konder
Published: June 2023

The objectives of this study are to analyze, describe, and explain the implementation of songs in EFL classes of vocabulary mastery by previous researchers. This study was conducted descriptively through Library Research Method. The secondary sources analyzed, described, and explained in this study were taken from the scientific writing published from 2010 to 2019 from kindergarten to university levels. The sources consisted of ten previous studies, eight skripsis and two articles. The results of descriptive data analysis show that the implementation of songs by previous researchers was done through integrating vocabulary learning with the song lyrics by using some procedures tha (1) explain the words/topic (noun, verb, or adjective); (2) provide song lyrics to the EFL students (as groups or individuals); (3) play songs for at least two times; (4) asks the EFL students to identify the vocabulary or expressions they find in the song lyrics provided; (5) discusses the songs he/she plays with the EFL students and asks the EFL students about their opinion regarding songs they listen to; (6) asks one EFL student to write the answer on the whiteboard; (7) If the answer is correct, the teacher will give feedback to the EFL students by complementing those who have correct answers and; (8) If the answer is incorrect, the teacher will explain the correct answer to the EFL students and its reasons. All the secondary data sources imply that the implementation of songs provides clear examples for the EFL students and reduces their stress during their vocabulary mastery experience. In conclusion, the implementation of songs is appropriate for the EFL students from kindergarten to high school levels. Then, the implications of implementing songs are to make the EFL students more stimulated to learn vocabulary in EFL classes and songs stimulate the EFL students to reduce their stress level during the class.
PERCEPTIONS OF EFL LEARNERS ON THE APPLICATION OF READING ALOUD TECHNIQUE IN LEARNING PRONUNCIATION
Authors: Faraby Ichsanul , Kamaruddin Abdul
Published: June 2023

The objective of this research was to find out whether or not the use of Sequence Pictures Technique can improve the ninth grade students’ skill in writing procedure text. The researcher applied a quasi-experimental research design. The population of this research was the ninth grade students of SMP Negeri 14 Palu which consisted of 119 students. The sample of this research was 30 students of class IX Ahmad Yani as the experimental class. Meanwhile, 29 students of class IX Cut Nyak Dien categorized as the control class. The sample was selected by using cluster random sampling technique. The technique of data collection was test. The test included pre-test and post-test, with the mean score of 56.11 for experimental class, and 71.67 for control class on pre-test. While on post-test, the results were 73.33 for experimental class and 77.22  for control class. By applying 0.05 level of significance and 28 degree of freedom (df), as can be seen that the value of t-counted was (3.58) and t-table was (1.701). The t-counted value was higher than t-table value, which meant that the research hypothesis was accepted. This study suggests that the use of Sequence Pictures technique can improve students’ writing skill in procedure text.
CORRELATION BETWEEN VOCABULARY MASTERY AND READING COMPREHENSION ACHIEVEMENT (A CASE TUDY)
Authors: Hutabarat Maria Noviana , Syafar Anshari
Published: June 2023

This study aims to find out the correlation between vocabulary mastery and reading comprehension. Research subjects were selected using cluster random sampling technique, that is taken from the class assigned (VIIIC). Before using the test items, they were tested their validity and reliability. The result of validity and reliability test showed that 15 out of 40 test items were not valid and reliable so they were not used to collect data.  Data of vocabulary mastery were collected using essay test while data about reading comprehension were collected using multiple choice test. Data were analyzed using Pearson Product Moment coefficient correlation in the SPSS program version 20. The result of data analysis indicated that there is positive correlation between reading comprehension and vocabulary mastery (0.440) with significant level (α = 0.05). This result belongs to the category of moderate or medium correlation according to Best and Khan (0.40 to 0.59). Therefore, the hypothesis (Ha) of this research is failed to be rejected. It means that the greater the English vocabulary students have the better their reading comprehension do.
ANALYZING TEACHERS’ STRATEGIES IN TEACHING VOCABULARY OF JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOLS AT KECAMATAN
Authors: Farham Moh , Rita Ferry , Mashuri Mashuri
Published: June 2023

The purpose of this research was to investigate the teachers’ strategies in teaching vocabulary to the second grade students of SMP Negeri 1, SMP Negeri 2, and SMP Satap Negeri 1 Kasimbar. The design used was descriptive qualitative. The research subjects were three English teachers teaching vocabulary in three different schools. In collecting the data, the researcher interviewed the three teachers and analyzed the the interviewed results. The results of this research indicate that the strategies used by the three English teachers were different Teacher one used a dialogue strategy, teacher two used  showing picture strategy, and teacher three used a question and answer strategy. each of these three strategies has advantages in improving students' vocabulary skills. In addition, the problems faced by the three English teachers in teaching vocabulary to the students in the second grade of junior high schools at Kecamatan Kasimbar also have many factors such as  Unstable internet network, lack of student interest in learning English vocabulary, likes to annoy friends in class, most students do not bring a dictionary to school and pronunciation errors. to solve the problems the three teachers Always evaluate the learning given, avoid giving very long assignments, invite students to actively participate, teach note-taking, personal approach, and form groups of students in learning.
ANALYSIS OF ERROR IN PRONOUNCING DENTAL FRICATIVE SOUNDS BY THE FIRST YEAR STUDENTS OF ENGLISH EDUCATION STUDY PROGRAM
Authors: Yulianti Putri , Rita Ferry , Hasyim Zarkiani
Published: June 2023

This research was aimed to obtain the most problematic dental fricative sounds to pronounce and to determine the factor caused by the students to produce error in pronouncing dental fricative sounds. The researchers applied descriptive qualitative design by purposive sampling technique to choose the participants. There were 15 participants taken from the first-year students of English Education Study Program 2020/2021. The instruments of data collection were documents and interview. The document is in the form of video speaking from the participant, used to analyze students pronunciation and the interview used to decide the factor of students error. The result of the research showed that the frequency of students error were 15 percent in /θ/ sound and 85 percent in /ð/ sound. Most of the students substituted sound /θ/ with /t/ and sound /ð/ with /d/. They made the error because they have interference from their mother tongue. Thus, the most problematic dental fricative sound is /ð/ sound and the error caused by the students is interlingual error.
APPLICATION OF PARTNER READING STRATEGY IN IMPROVING READING COMPREHENSION
Authors: Maulidina Reka , Rita Ferry
Published: June 2023

The objective of this research is to find out that the Application of Partner Reading Strategy improves students’ reading comprehension. The population was the grade Eight students at SMP Negeri 1 Toribulu. The researcher used quasi- experimental design. The researcher sample were VIII A as the experimental group which consisted of 28 students and VIII B as the control group which consisted 28 student. The test was administered twice: pre test and post test. The data were analyzed statically in order to find out the significant achievement of the students in the pre test and the post test. The experimental group was given the treatment by applying Partner Reading Strategy, while the control group was taught reading descriptive text with conventional strategy. The instrument used in collecting data was a test given as pre-test and post-test. The result of tests shows that the mean score of experimental group was 88.0 from 52,3 in the pretest, and the control group was 75  from 54,5 in the pretest. This score shows that the mean score of the experimental group is higher than the mean score of the control group on posttest. By applying one-tailed test at 0.05 level of significance with 54 degree of freedom (df), it is found that, the tcounted value of  (1,87) is greater than ttable value (1.67). It confirms that, the research hypothesis was accepted. Based on the result, it concludes that, Partner Reading Strategy improves students’ reading comprehension at the eight grade students of SMP Negeri 1 Toribulu.
ANALYSIS ON THE ENGLISH TEACHERS’ STRATEGIES IN TEACHING READING COMPREHENSION AT SMP LABSCHOOL PALU
Authors: Azis Wahyu Chairun , Jamiluddin Jamiluddin , Dewi Anjar Kusumua
Published: June 2023

The objectives of this research are (1) to find out the strategies that the English teachers use in teaching reading comprehension at SMP Labschool Palu, (2) to find out the reasons why the English teachers chose the strategies in teaching reading comprehension. The subject of this research all the English teachers at SMP Labschool Palu. This research was descriptive qualitative research. The technique of collecting data were questionnaire and interview. The researcher analyzed the data by using descriptive qualitative research. The result of this research showed that there were five strategies mostly used by the English teachers in teaching reading comprehension to be applied in the classroom. There were (monitoring comprehension, recognizing story structure, question answer relationship, graphic and semantic organizers, and summarizing). Based on the analysis of interview to the teachers, those strategies can help the teachers because the students more active and the students could exchange their opinion with their friends.
CORRELATION BETWEEN VOCABULARY MASTERY AND READING COMPREHENSION OF THE TENTH GRADE
Authors: Yuliastuti Yuliastuti , Usman Sriati
Published: June 2023

The purpose of this research is to find out the correlation between vocabulary mastery and reading comprehension of the tenth Grade students of SMAN 14 Sigi. This research used quantitative with correlational approach. The sample was 42 students which was taken by using all population sampling/all sampling technique. The instruments used to collect the data were the vocabulary and reading comprehension test in multiple choices form. All the data gained in this research were analyzed using Pearson Product Moment Formula. The result shows that the obtained r value is 0.703. it is categorized in “Substantial” correlation. It indicated that there is positive correlation between vocabulary mastery and reading comprehension of the tenth grade students of SMAN 14 Sigi. Vocabulary contributes significantly to their reading comprehension. When they mastered the vocabulary, it will be easier for them to comprehend the reading. In the other words, vocabulary affect the reading comprehension and vice versa.
Butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) improved semen quality and sperm DNA of frozen-thawed Arabian stallions preserved in modified INRA-82 extender
Authors: Aboelmaaty Amal , El-Seadawy Islam , Kotp Mohamed , Aldebakey Hazem , Hozyen Heba , El-Badry Diya , Anwer Abeer M. , Tsvetkov Tsvetan , Daneva Teodora
Published: June 2023

Background: Alpha tocopherol is one of the non-enzymatic lipophilic
antioxidants. Butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) is a synthetic analog that
possesses similar modes of actions in protecting the cryopreserved
sperms. Objectives: This study hypothesized that a certain concentration
of any antioxidant is suitable for improving the post-thaw semen quality
of stallions. Study Design: Case control study. Methods: To determine
this concentration, a synthetic antioxidant similar to vitamin E in
potency and scavenging oxidative stress power in concentrations of 0.0,
0.25, 0.50, 1.0, 2.0, 4.0 mM/ml were added to semen extender. The
post-thaw sperm progressive motility at 0, 1h, 2h, 3h, the sperm
viability index, the plasma membrane integrity tested by the
hypo-osmotic selling test (HOST), the acrosome integrity, non-fragmented
DNA, % of DNA in the comet head, % of DNA in the comet tail, comet
tail length, and comet tail moment were compared. Results: According to
our hypothesis, 1.0 mM BHT was the most suitable concentration that
preserved the highest (P<0.0001) post-thaw sperm progressive
motility at 0.0, 1h, 2h, 3h., the highest viability index
(P<0.0001), plasma membrane and acrosome integrities
(P<0.0001), non-fragmented DNA (P<0.001), and % of
DNA in the comet head (P<0.001), the lowest DNA % in the
comet tail (P<0.001) and comet tail moment
(P<0.0001), and the shortest (P<0.0001) comet tail
length. Main limitations: Collection of semen for research from
registered Arabian Horse was the main obstacle for conducting this
research. In conclusion, the concentrations of BHT around 1.0 mM/ml
(0.5, 2.0mM/ml) proved better post-thaw semen characteristics, but BHT
in concentrations >2.0mM/ml indicated the worst of all
concentration which kept the lowest semen quality than non-supplemented
control.
The Cumulative Niche Approach: a framework to assess the performance of ecological niche model projections
Authors: Arlé Eduardo , Knight Tiffany , Jiménez-Muñoz Marina , Biancolini Dino , Belmaker Jonathan , Meyer Carsten
Published: June 2023

Ecological Niche Models (ENMs) are often used to project species
distributions within alien ranges and in future climatic scenarios.
However, ENMs depend on species-environment equilibrium, which may be
absent for actively expanding species. We present a novel framework to
estimate whether species have reached environmental equilibrium in their
native and alien ranges. The method is based on the estimation of niche
breadth with the accumulation of species occurrences. An asymptote will
indicate exhaustive knowledge of the realised niches. Possible outcomes
of the framework include: (1) There is enough data to quantify the
native and alien realised niches, allowing us to calculate niche
expansion between the native and alien ranges, also indicating that ENMs
can be reliably projected to new environmental conditions. (2) The data
in the native range is not adequate but an asymptote is reached in the
alien realised niche, indicating low confidence in our ability to
evaluate niche expansion in the alien range but high confidence in model
projections to new environmental conditions within the alien range. (3)
There is enough data to quantify the realised native niche, but not
enough knowledge about the alien realised niche, hindering the
reliability of projections beyond sampled conditions. (4) Both the
native and alien ranges do not reach an asymptote, and thus few robust
conclusions about the species’ niche or future projections can be made.
We demonstrate the CNA framework for 26 species of mammals, amphibians,
and birds. Our framework can be used to detect species’ environmental
equilibrium in both the native and alien ranges, to quantify changes in
the realised niche during the invasion processes, and to estimate the
likely accuracy of model projections to new environmental conditions.
Effect of conjugate bonds on Growth and characterization of pure and KDP doped 2-Benzamidoacetic acid Organic semiconductor materials for high refractive index devices
Authors: Kulshrestha Shobha , Teotia Satish , Kumar Harish , Pandey Sunil Kumar
Published: June 2023

2-Benzamidoacetic acid is a conjugate aromatic organic amino acid
compound. These conjugated bonds attract the attention due to having
high nonlinear optical properties which is applicable in various optical
applications. Single crystals of pure and potassium diahydrogen
phosphate (KDP) doped 2-Benzamidoacetic acid are grown by slow
evaporation method at room temperature. These crystals are confined in
size with limpid appearance and non-hygroscopic nature. UV-visible study
shows transparent nature of grown crystals in the over the visible
region (400 to 800 nm). The transparent nature of crystal shows less
absorption of light in the visible region. Absorption coefficient (α),
Extinction coefficient (k), refractive index (n), optical conductivity
(σop), Polarisability (P), Susceptibility (χop) all these optical data
are supported the experimental data. The lower cut-off wavelengths are
305 and 350 nm of grown crystals of pure and (KDP) doped
2-Benzamidoacetic acid. The optical band gap indicates that doping of
KDP in 2-Benzamidoacetic acid crystal turn into organic to semiorganic
crystal. The range of optical band gap shows that crystal is useful in
optoelectronics devices. For the NLO property second harmonic generation
test was performed. This study shows that grown crystals are recommend
for fabrication of green light emission device. The various functional
groups of the grown crystal were designated using Fourier transform
infrared (FTIR). The crystal dimensions of the grown crystal of pure and
doped 2-Benzamidoacetic acid were confirmed by single crystal X-ray
diffraction (SXRD) and the crystalline nature of crystal was confirmed
and hkl planes were indexed by powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) analysis.
Scanning electron microscope (SEM) shows good surface morphology of
grown crystals. Vickers hardness test shows good mechanical strength for
manufacturing of devices.