bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The modern concept of schizoaffective disorder: a narrative review
Authors: Pavlichenko Aleksey V. , Petrova Natalia N. , Stolyarov Andrey R.
Published: October 2024

BACKGROUND: Schizoaffective disorder (SAD) is one of the most complex and controversial diagnoses in clinical psychiatry. Despite the significant changes that have occurred in the conceptualization of SAD in modern classifications and the publications of recent years, many unresolved issues remain regarding the disease, from the point of view of clinical psychiatry and basic neuroscience.
AIM: The purpose of this paper is to summarize published data on the concept of SAD, its clinical characteristics, cognitive profile, potential biomarkers, as well as the place of the disease in the following modern international classifications: the International Classification of Diseases (ICD) 9th, 10th and 11th revisions, and the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5).
METHODS: We undertook a review of the scientific studies in the relevant bibliographic systems and databases (eLIBRARY, PubMed) of the past 15 years. The descriptive analysis method was used to summarize the collected information. A total of 70 publications were selected for review, including different versions of international classifications of diseases (ICD and DSM-5).
RESULTS: There has been some improvement in the inter-rater reliability of SAD criteria in modern classifications, but this has not yet led to a clearer understanding among mental health specialists, while the various subtypes of SAD identified so far fail to account for the heterogeneity in the clinical presentation of the disorder. The dimensional approach to diagnosing SAD, according to which the intensity of psychotic and affective symptoms can fluctuate over time and they can influence one another, more accurately reflects the disease’s ability to embody different forms. Basic research does not support the identification of a distinct cognitive, neuroimaging, or immunological SAD endophenotype that differs qualitatively from schizophrenia and affective psychoses.
CONCLUSION: The conceptualization of SAD remains incomplete, and new approaches rooted in neuroscience are needed to better understand the coexistence of affective and psychotic symptoms.
Variants of Mutual Arrangement of Parts of Human Pancreas According to Computed Tomography Data
Authors: Sekisova Evgenia V. , Pavlov Artyom V. , Pronin Nikolay A. , Zherebyatyeva Svetlana R. , Vvedensky Artyom I. , Dronova Ekaterina A. , Poludkin Ivan A.
Published: October 2024

INTRODUCTION: With development of methods of diagnosis and surgical treatment of diseases of hepatopancreato-biliary region, there is increasing interest in and necessity to search for various methods of studying organs of this zone. Compared to the earlier methods of studying topographic anatomy, the method of computed tomography (KT) permits to work with a wide scope of lifetime data of human anatomy. We did not find enough information in the literature about peculiarities of the shape, size and position of pancreas in the horizontal projection.
AIM: To study the peculiarities of the shape, size and position of the pancreas using contrast-enhanced CT data.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: The work was based on the available archive of examination of organs of the abdominal cavity by CT method with contrast in patients (n = 31) without pathology of the hepatopancreatobiliary zone, gastrointestinal tract, spleen, kidneys and spine. Measurements were performed based on the horizontal projection of scans. The length was determined by measuring the organ in parts. The degree of curvature of the pancreas shape was determined by constructing the central axis of the organ and measuring the angles formed by it. The obtained data were subjected to statistical processing.
RESULTS: According to increase in the length of the organ, three groups were formed. Different degrees of the organ bending were identified. Upon that, no clear correlation was found with skeletopy data, age and gender and parametric data of the upper part of the abdominal cavity.
CONCLUSION: Owing to the developed method of measuring angles between parts of the pancreas, a range of mutual arrangement of the head and body, body and tail of the gland in the horizontal projection was obtained. Our data complement the anatomy of the pancreas and can be considered as a promising resource for further study of the features of syntopy and blood supply of the organs of the upper part of the abdominal cavity.
Hemodynamic Disorders in Alcohol Withdrawal Syndrome
Authors: Utkin Sergey I. , Buzik Oleg Zh.
Published: October 2024

INTRODUCTION: The introduction of the study is determined by a high prevalence of alcoholism and a high incidence of complications from the cardiovascular system.
AIM: To study the features of hemodynamics in patients with uncomplicated alcohol withdrawal syndrome (AWS) and in those with alcohol withdrawal delirium (delirium tremens).
MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study enrolled 116 men, 58 of them with uncomplicated AWS, 78 with AWS and delirium. Basic hemodynamic parameters were studied: heart rate (HR), blood pressure (BP), and integral parameters — cardiac index (CI), total peripheral resistance (TPR), shock index (SI). Comparisons between the groups and correlation analysis were conducted to find relationships between hemodynamic parameters and clinical data.
RESULTS: In patients with alcoholic delirium, hemodynamic parameters were statistically significantly higher than in patients with uncomplicated AWS: HR (р = 0.003), systolic BP (р = 0.02) and diastolic BP (р = 0.04), while no statistically significant differences in the integral parameters (CI, TPR, SI) were found between the groups. In patients of both groups, CI linearly decreased with age (p 0.0001). The same linearly CI decreased with increase in the duration of alcoholism (p = 0.02). With an increase in the amount of consumed alcohol during the binge period, a linear growth of CI was observed in withdrawal state (p = 0.001). The value of TPR increased with age (p = 0.005). Only in patients with delirium tremens, there was an inverse relationship between SI and partial tension of carbon dioxide in venous blood (r = -0.4; p = 0.014). Besides, only in patients with delirium tremens, by the 7th day of withdrawal, a direct relationship was established between the cardiac index and blood potassium level (r = 0.36; p = 0.03).
CONCLUSIONS: There was no significant difference between hemodynamic parameters in uncomplicated AWS and in delirium tremens. CI in patients with uncomplicated AWS and in those with DT decreased with age and with increase in the alcohol load. The vessel tone was inversely proportional to CI throughout the entire period of observation. With the development of delirium, a correlation was noted between a decrease in the level of energy metabolism and the probability for decompensation of systemic circulation. At the stage of reduction of delirium tremens, a correlation was noted between CI and the blood potassium level that reflected the exhaustion of the cardiovascular system and reduction of its compensatory capacities.
“Data-based management”: prospects for implementation into the system of vocational education
Authors: Blinov V. I. , Sergeev I. S. , Esenina E. Yu. , Garkusha N. S. , Rodichev N. F.
Published: October 2024

Introduction. The quality and reliability of data regarding changes in regional labour markets, as well as the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of the demand for workers and mid-level specialists, alongside an assessment of the potential for modernising secondary vocational education and the vocational training system, represent significant challenges for medium- and long-term planning in this field. Addressing these challenges largely relies on forecasting techniques that integrate data on labour market development prospects with information on the capabilities of personnel training systems. Aim. The present research aimed to explore the concept of “predictive analytics” as the foundation of a data-driven management methodology and to examine the potential application of this methodology in vocational education. Methodology and research methods. The applied research was conducted using a comprehensive scientific methodology. Various methods were employed, including generalisation, theoretical analysis, empirical analysis, cluster analysis, synthesis, and conceptualisation. Results and their scientific novelty. The authors view predictive analytics as a tool for implementing data-driven management methodologies in vocational education and they substantiate the concept of delayed educational outcomes as the central focus of predictive analytics within the education management system. Practical significance. Four groups of parameters are proposed to facilitate the development of various predictive analytics models, applicable at both the level of an educational organisation and within the regional vocational education system.
The use of interactive technologies in the formation of students’ subjectivity: innovative practices
Authors: Kariyev A. D. , Orazbayeva F. , Iskakova M. O. , Dyussekeneva I. M. , Bakracheva M.
Published: October 2024

Introduction. The development of human potential is an important direction of the state policy of the Republic of Kazakhstan in the field of ensuring the economic security of the country. In this regard, special attention is paid to the growth of human potential and its responsibility for the self-development and self-realisation of a new generation of citizens. Aim. The present research aimed to present innovative practices of the formation of students’ subjectivity during the educational process through the use of special diagnostic and correctional-developmental tools. Methodology and research methods. The research was based on systemic, subjective, activity-based, and axiological approaches. The study extensively utilised methods for modelling the educational process. Results. It has been determined that the use of interactive technologies in the implementation of innovative practices contributes to the active formation of subjectivity of students during the educational process. Scientific novelty. Based on systemic, subjective, activity-based, and axiological approaches, the authors have developed a system for forming students’ subjectivity during the educational process by actively utilising interactive technologies. Practical significance. The proposed system can be used by college and university teachers in practice to establish interaction with students.
Features of student psychological well-being, self-organisation and motivation
Authors: Okonechnikova L. V. , Symanyuk E. E. , Foksha T. L.
Published: October 2024

Introduction. The article discusses the main approaches to the study of psychological well-being, gives a general idea of self-organisation and educational motivation as components of the leading educational and professional activity of students.Aim. The present research aimed to examine the levels of psychological well-being and their relationship with the motivation and self-organisation of students’ educational and professional activities.Methodology and research methods. The following methods were employed in the empirical study: Psychological Well-Being Scale developed by C. Ryff (adapted by N. N. Lepeshinsky), Self-Organisation of Activity (SOA) questionnaire by E. Y. Mandrikova, Style of Self-Regulation of Behaviour – SSRB-98 questionnaire by V. I. Morosanova, Motivation to Learn in Higher Education questionnaire by T. I. Ilyina, and Scale of Academic Motivation by T. O. Gordeeva, O. A. Sychev, and E. N. Osin. The Mann-Whitney U-test and the Spearman correlation coefficient (rs) were utilised to analyse the data.Results. Most undergraduate students exhibit an average level of psychological well-being, both on individual scales and in terms of the overall integral indicator. Low and high levels of well-being are characteristic of only a small portion of the sample. More than 90% of respondents demonstrate medium to high levels of self-organisation and self-regulation. Students are characterised by cognitive motivation, as well as motivation for self-development and achievement. External motivation, introjected motivation, and amotivation are minimally expressed among students.Scientific novelty. The study examines the features of motivation and self-organisation in the educational and professional activities of students with varying levels of psychological well-being. It also explores the relationship between psychological well-being and the self-organisation and motivation of students in their educational and professional pursuits.Practical significance. The results of the study offer valuable insights into modern students, which can be utilised to enhance the organisation of university education during the adaptation period and to implement a more individualised approach to student engagement.
Paralelismos en la historiografía de ciudades en territorios mineros latinoamericanos. Caso de Antofagasta
Authors: Gaete-Quezada Ricardo
Published: October 2024

En este artículo, se analizaron los aspectos historiográficos más importantes del poblamiento y fundación de Antofagasta en el año 1868, como caso de estudio de un territorio minero relevante para observar el fenómeno económico del extractivismo en América Latina, y su incidencia en el desarrollo regional. Mediante un análisis documental se identificaron aspectos sociales, políticos y económicos relacionados con los inicios de la industria salitrera en el desierto de Atacama, entre los años 1860 y 1879, caracterizados, entre otras cuestiones, por la extensa disputa diplomática entre Bolivia y Chile por la soberanía de dicho territorio, en los prolegómenos de la Guerra del Pacífico. Los resultados del estudio identificaron paralelismos del sector minero latinoamericano en el desarrollo histórico de Antofagasta para describir las continuidades históricas de las prácticas extractivistas iniciadas desde el período colonial, convirtiendo al campamento minero en prólogo de la fundación de ciudades en zonas desérticas.
Reimagining Substantive Due Process Liberty Interests as Privileges or Immunities of Citizenship
Authors: Buhi Jason
Published: October 2024

This article engages with Justice Thomas’s proposal to reimagine select modern substantive due process (SDP) liberty interests as privileges or immunities of citizenship. It is well known that the branch of SDP theory that allows a court to declare uncodified, unenumerated fundamental rights within the Fourteenth Amendment’s Due Process Clause has been controversial. The conservative bench’s stripping of federally-protected abortion choice in Dobbs v. Jackson Women’s Health Organization marked the first pruning of a recognized SDP liberty interest since the liberal bench overturned Lochner v. New York in 1937. It also called into question whether this iteration of the U.S. Supreme Court will continue to honor other established SDP rights. Although Justice Thomas’s Dobbs concurrence declared that he would support overturning the Griswold-line of SDP privacy cases, he also offered a possible alternative future wherein some of those liberty interests might be reimagined as privileges or immunities of citizenship. This proposal merits discussion in at least two respects: first, to advance the basic understanding of the Privileges and/or Immunities Clauses themselves; and second, for the opportunity to establish a firmer foundation for certain unenumerated rights. This article thus engages with previous scholarship and jurisprudence surrounding these three clauses while adding a new analysis: namely, an initial thought experiment addressing the specific issue of whether it is plausible to reimagine any SDP liberty interests as privileges or immunities of citizenship and, if so, which rights would be encompassed.
In silico prediction of COVID-19 vaccine efficacy based on the strain-specific structural deviations in the SARS CoV-2 spike protein receptor binding domain
Authors: Vissapragada Madhuri , Aggunna Madhumita , Tallapalli Mohana , Mandugula Hemachandrachari , Devandla Anitha , Yekula Anupriya , Malapati Anilkumar , Bonala Sreenivasulu , Addala Santhinissi , Gudapati Swarnalatha , S. Yedidi Ravikiran
Published: October 2024

Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic gave the opportunity for various vaccine design strategies and their evaluation. However, the emergence of variants severely challenged the efficacy of the COVID-19 vaccines. The changes in the amino acid sequences and corresponding changes in the epitope topology of the variants could be the primary reasons for the loss of antibody binding affinity. The structural deviations in the epitopes may not be the same for all the variants resulting in differential efficacy of the same vaccine against different variants. In this study we performed an in silico evaluation of the strain-specific structural deviations in 15 variants of coronavirus in order to predict the antibody binding affinity and in turn estimate the success/failure of the current vaccines. The spike protein trimer homology models of 15 variants along with the wild type were prepared in close, open and semi-open conformations. The variant models were superposed onto the wild type model to calculate the C α root mean square deviations (RMSD) in their epitopes and ACE2 binding sites. Our results show that both the epitopes and the ACE2 binding sites of variants have RMSDs >35 Å suggesting that such large structural deviations in the epitopes are potentially responsible for the loss of binding affinities of the neutralizing antibodies that are generated in response to the current vaccine shots. Based on our analysis, we further prepared two hand-drawn clover leaf plots one for the main variants and the other for the omicron sub-variants summarizing all the structural deviations in the epitopes and ACE2 binding sites in open, closed and semi-open conformations. These plots serve as quick reference charts to predict the efficacy of current vaccines. For example, large structural deviations that are >20 Å can certainly lead to total loss of the antibody binding. Based on our findings in this study we propose alternative and improved strategies of future vaccine design for COVID-19.
Woodrum-MR-guided focal therapy for native and recurrent prostate cancer
Authors: Woodrum David
Published: October 2024

This manuscript presents a current review of the importance of MR imaging, biopsy and ablation for treatment of prostate cancer either early native disease or recurrent prostate cancer after surgery or radiation. Prostate cancer is the most common cancer diagnosis for men, with approximately 35,000 men dying from it each year in the United States. 1 Many men with prostate cancer are often managed with aggressive therapy including radiotherapy or surgery. No matter how expertly done, these therapies carry significant risk and morbidity to the patient’s health-related quality of life with impact on sexual, urinary, and bowel function. 2 Furthermore, screening programs using prostatic specific antigen (PSA) and transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) guided systematic biopsy have increasingly identified patients earlier, in the low-risk, low-grade “localized” prostate cancer categories. The indolent nature of many prostate cancers presents a difficult decision of when to intervene given the possible comorbidities and side effects of aggressive treatment. Active surveillance has been increasingly instituted to balance cancer control versus treatment side effects. 3 Although active debate continues on the suitability of focal or regional therapy for these low- or intermediate-risk prostate cancer patients, many unresolved issues remain which complicate this approach of management. Some of the largest unresolved issues are: prostate cancer multifocality, limitations of current biopsy strategies, suboptimal staging by accepted imaging modalities, less than robust prediction models for indolent prostate cancers, and whether established curative therapies can be safely and effectively used following focal therapy for prostate cancer. Despite these restrictions, focal therapy continues to confront the current paradigm of therapy for low- and even intermediate- risk disease. 4 Therefore, accurate assessment of cancer risk (i.e. grade and stage) using imaging and targeted biopsy is critical. Advances in prostate imaging with MRI have been accompanied with advances in MR-guided therapy, propelling prostate treatment solutions forward faster than ever. The following manuscript reviews the current state of MR imaging, biopsy and MR-guided prostate ablations for native and recurrent prostate cancer using laser ablation, cryoablation, and focused ultrasound.
Inhibitory effects of puerarin on myometrium contraction during rat menstrual cycle and its underlying mechanisms
Authors: Ma Qin , Zhang Wei , Wang Yu-dong , Tian Zhi-feng , Du Zhong-rui , Li Hongfang
Published: October 2024

Purpose: To observe uterine contractile patterns in various phases of the menstrual cycle, and elucidate mechanisms involved in the inhibition of puerarin on rat uterine contraction. Methods: Uterus strips of Sprague Dawley rat were suspended in tissue chambers to measure the contractile activities of the strips. Results: Isolated myometrial strips possessed three typical forms of contractions: spontaneous rhythmic contraction, tonic contraction, and irregular contraction, respectively appearing in varied phases of the rat menstrual cycle. Puerarin not only dose-dependently inhibited spontaneous contraction but also could dose-dependently inhibit KCl or PGF2α-induced uterus contractions. The inhibitory effects induced by puerarin in KCl-precontracted myometrial strips could be attenuated partly by β2 adrenoceptor antagonist ICI118551 but had no obvious changes prior to treatment with glibenclamide, Nw-L-nitro-arginine, ICI 182,780, tamoxifen or indomethacin. In high K+ Ca2+-free Kreb’s solution containing 0.01 mmol/L egtazic acid (EGTA), puerarin decreased the first phase contractions induced by oxytocin, acetylcholine, or prostaglandin F2α, but did not affect the second contractions induced by CaCl2, and also had no marked effect on the concentration-response curve of CaCl2. Conclusion: The results demonstrate that uterus contraction patterns differ during varied menstrual cycle phases. Puerarin can inhibit isolated myometrium contractions, probably due to activation of β2-adrenoceptor, and partially via reduction of Ca2+ release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum.
Teachers' Perceptions of Text Readability in Integrated Social Studies Textbooks
Authors:   The Korea Association of Yeolin Education, Bae Hwasoon , Park Taejoon
Published: October 2024

The purpose of the present study is to analyze the level of text readability of first-year high school Integrated Social Studies textbooks based on the 2015 revised curriculum and to explore teachers’ perceptions of text readability in these textbooks. For the purpose of this study, texts were extracted from a total of five Integrated Social Studies textbooks, and a pair of high school social studies teachers independently evaluated the readability level of each text. Next, four of the teachers who participated in the text extraction and evaluation process were interviewed to explore their perceptions of text readability in Integrated Social Studies textbooks. The results of this study can be summarized as follows. First, the readability evaluation of the Integrated Social Studies textbooks revealed that about 58.62% of the texts were at the appropriate grade level (10th grade), and there were more texts below the appropriate grade level (about 34%) than above the appropriate grade level (about 7.38%). Second, texts related to law and economics were identified as particularly challenging for students due to complex concepts and difficult terminology. Third, presenting texts in a familiar structure, such as dialogue, did not make it easier for students to read and understand. This finding suggests that the content of the text, rather than the structure or organization of the text, may have more influence on the perception of text readability. Fourth, to address readability issues in teaching and learning with Integrated Social Studies textbooks, various pedagogical strategies can be employed, including targeted vocabulary instruction and reading techniques tailored to social studies material.
Exploring the Experiences and Outcomes of Adults with Developmental Disabilities in Global Citizenship Education Programs
Authors:   The Korea Association of Yeolin Education, Choi Jeehae , Lee Suk-Hyang
Published: October 2024

The purpose of this study is to qualitatively analyze and explore the experiences and outcomes of adults with developmental disabilities who participated in global citizenship education programs (GCED) and to explore future directions for global citizenship education (GCE) for people with developmental disabilities. For this purpose, class outcomes were collected from participants with developmental disabilities who previously participated in a GCED study, individual interviews were conducted with all participants immediately after the end of the intervention and two months later, after the intervention was completed. The data was then analyzed using basic qualitative research methods, and three major themes and seven sub-themes (Becoming a Global Citizen, Practicing as a Global Citizen, and Global Citizen with a Warm Heart) were identified. The first theme was “Becoming a Global Citizen”. In the first theme, the research participants reported that they acquired the knowledge necessary to be a global citizen by participating in the program. Furthermore, participants said the topics they would like to learn through GCE would enable them to become better global citizens. The second theme was “global citizens in action”, in which participants became interested in international social issues through GCE and wanted to participate in actions to help them. The last theme was “global citizens with a warm heart”, in which the participants showed empathy for international social issues and realized that the word global village extends beyond humans to the environment. Based on the results of this study, directions for future GCE for people with developmental disabilities were made.
Developing and Refining The Core Competency Model for Research-focused University students: Validation and Importance Study Based on Faculty’s perspective
Authors:   The Korea Association of Yeolin Education, Lee Heewon , Park John , Park Yejeong , Kil Hyeji
Published: October 2024

S University has developed a diagnostic tool consisting of 77 items to assess six core competencies based on its model of undergraduate student attributes and core competencies. This study aims to enhance the tool's usability by investigating how faculty members perceive the validity and importance of the existing diagnostic tool and to refine the competency assessment items accordingly. A survey was conducted among S University faculty members, and data from 204 respondents were analyzed. The study used Lawshe's (1975) Content Validity Ratio (CVR) to verify the content validity—specifically the measurement validity and importance—of the items designed to assess core competencies. Additionally, open-ended feedback from faculty was integrated to revise the diagnostic items. The process of evaluating the validity and importance of each item from the faculty's perspective, in addition to conducting preliminary surveys with students, is significant as it offers concrete insights for effectively utilizing the core competency diagnostic tool in educational settings.
Development of An In-Service Training Program and Analysis of the Demands for Middle & High School Korean Language Teachers - focusing on Gangwon Province
Authors:   The Korea Association of Yeolin Education, Kim Youngran , Lee Eunyeong
Published: October 2024

This study aimed to develop the content of in-service training programs for middle & high school Korean language teachers who are expected to deliver educational changes in schools from 2025 onwards, and to establish a basic foundation for providing tailored training programs by understanding the demands of Korean language teachers. The research team derived training topics demanded in the educational field for the application of new curricula and the implementation of educational policies. It also developed a training content matrix that takes into consideration training methods (lectures, practical training, application, reflection, action research) for each training topic. This training content was then revised and supplemented through expert consultations and a survey was conducted targeting middle & high school Korean language teachers affiliated with the Gangwon State Office of Education. According to the survey results, teachers showed an overall high demand for 'lectures' on each training topic. Middle school teachers showed the highest demand for lectures, practice, and application training for [Writing Instruction in Class]. High school teachers showed the highest demand for lectures, practice, application, and reflection training in [Reading Discussion and Writing]. Accordingly, a proposal was made on how to materialize the program considering participatory training methods.
Innovations in ocular drug delivery
Authors: Goyal Sumit , Dwivedi Pranjali , Kaushik Jaya , Jhanwar Mayank , Singh Ankita , C M Anushree
Published: October 2024

Traditional ocular drug delivery methods via topical (eye drops and ointments) and systemic routes (oral or intravenous medications) yield suboptimal therapeutic drug concentrations intraocularly. Innovations aimed at improving the localization, duration, and efficacy of ocular drug delivery have shifted treatment paradigm by enhancing drug penetration, sustaining drug release and also enhancing patient compliance.

:Aim of this review is to summarize recent advancements in ocular drug delivery systems, to evaluate their clinical effectiveness and to discuss their potential to improve clinical outcomes. The review will also identify ongoing challenges and future research avenues leading to further progress in this field.

Recent advancements in ocular drug delivery systems are based on Nanotechnology-based delivery systems; Sustained-release implants and devices; Hydrogels and contact lens; Microneedle technology and Gene therapy vectors. Nanoparticles, nanomicelles, and nanoemulsions improve drug penetration and provide sustained release within ocular tissues. Biodegradable and non-biodegradable implants and devices offer prolonged drug delivery. Hydrogels and drug-embedded contact lenses improved patient comfort. Microneedle arrays enabling minimally invasive drug delivery directly to ocular tissues. Viral and non-viral vectors address underlying genetic causes in inherited retinal diseases.

Traditional methods such as eye drops, ointments, and intravitreal injections have limitations, including poor bioavailability, frequent administration, and non-compliance. Emergence of novel delivery systems, including nanoparticles, microneedles, sustained-release implants, and gene therapy vectors, offers solutions to these challenges. These innovations provide controlled and sustained drug release, improved drug stability, and targeted delivery to specific ocular tissues, resulting in enhanced therapeutic outcomes and reduced side effects.
Logistic management in public health - A comprehensive review
Authors: Rajalakshmi M  , Priyanga D
Published: October 2024

Logistic management is essential for ensuring effective healthcare delivery, encompassing the systematic planning, implementation, and control of the flow and storage of resources like drugs and vaccines. Efficient management helps prevent losses from overstock, expiration, or shortages. Key components include estimating requirements, indenting, inventory control, and proper vaccine handling. Techniques like ABC and VED analyses optimize resource allocation based on cost and criticality. Systems like eVIN enhance vaccine stock management by providing real-time data. Maintaining the right balance of stock levels, implementing FIFO and EEFO practices, and applying supply chain principles ensure smooth, efficient operations across healthcare facilities.
A rare case of severe postoperative retropharyngeal oedema due to lymphatic disruption following anterior cervical spine surgery
Authors: Palaksha Deepak Ganjigere , Badyal Binesh
Published: October 2024

This case report discusses a 61-year-old male undergoing C5 corpectomy and fixation for a C5-6 prolapsed intervertebral disc under general anaesthesia. Postoperatively, he experienced respiratory distress characterized by tachycardia, tachypnoea, and decreased oxygen saturation, accompanied by changes in voice quality. Fibreoptic laryngoscopy revealed oedema in the posterior pharyngeal wall and upper airway, confirmed by radiograph and MRI. Retropharyngeal oedema above the surgical site was managed with intravenous hydrocortisone and elective ventilation, resulting in resolution over 72 hours. The case highlights the importance of recognizing and promptly managing retropharyngeal oedema to prevent airway compromise post-cervical spine surgery. Early intervention is crucial to avoid emergency airway procedures and minimize patient morbidity.
Changing the Role of Diplomacy in the Ottoman Empire of the 16th Century
Authors: Kozub Ekaterina
Published: October 2024

The article analyzes the process of gradual change in the methods of interaction between the Ottoman Empire and other states. During the 16th century, the forceful methods of interaction between the Ottoman Empire and foreign states began to give way to diplomatic methods. The Ottomans began to realize that sometimes it is easier and more profitable to settle relations with other powers or achieve their political goals through diplomacy. The authors note that the diplomacy conducted by the Ottoman Empire differed significantly from the European one, which was probably due to the peculiarities of the Ottoman ideology, the influence of which was reflected in various spheres. Particular attention is paid to the characteristics of the Ottoman diplomatic institutions and mechanisms. It is noted that a large number of people were involved in diplomatic activities, although not all of them held official positions. An important place in the article is given to the characterization of diplomatic documents. The most significant of them are several types of ahdname (capitulations, sultan's letters (nami-i Humayun), unilateral agreements issued to those countries that recognized Ottoman rule. The authors identify and analyze several models of diplomacy carried out by the Western powers in the Ottoman Empire during the 16th century and emphasize that the Ottoman sultans often perceived the signing of treaties and agreements by other states with the Ottoman Empire as a sign that they obeyed it, and did not consider it equal. The conclusion drawn in this article is that  during the 16th century, the Ottomans increasingly began to resolve various issues with other states using diplomacy. Through negotiations, it was possible to avoid military clashes or end bloody battles on favorable terms for all sides.
On the Value of the Microhistorical Approach: the Private Life of the Polytechnic Museum before 1917
Authors: Kotomina Anna
Published: October 2024

The article outlines the thirty-year history of the construction of the Polytechnic Museum building on Lubyanka Square in Moscow. Construction of the first central building of the museum began in 1875, a large auditorium in the third building was opened in 1907. Sources allow us to connect the stages of construction of the building with the history of the formation of the museum community as an independent corporation that played the role of an intermediary between the state and society in the chosen area. The article examines how the internal and external policies of the museum, methods of decision-making, and business management techniques have changed. The question is raised about how much the ideals of the museum’s leaders in different years hindered or helped the institution solve its problems. The microhistorical approach used in the study aims to revise the corporate historiographical tradition of interpreting the history of an institution. The article contains an attempt to see the connection between the events of the internal history of the Polytechnic Museum and the more diverse and broader layers of life in the city and Russian society of this period — from the liberal reforms of Alexander II to the revolution of 1905.
How to Hear “the Voice of One Crying out”?
Authors: Danilevskiy Igor
Published: October 2024

The article considers the possibility of a hypothetical restoration reconstraction of Daniil Zatochnik’s (12th or 13th century) “inner monologue” by searching for the “context memory” of quotes and allusions used in his “Word” and/or “Prayer”. Despite all the differences in the texts preserved in the copies of this monument, the initial part of it remains unchanged. Riccardo Picchio rightly sees it as the “biblical thematic key” to understanding the entire Daniel’s “Word”/ “Prayer”. Researchers, as a rule, proceeded from the subjective impression that it made on them, when characterizing the introductory part of this work. Turning to biblical texts that Daniel directly or indirectly quotes allows us to restore the meaning of this fragment more accurately.
Ottoman Siege of Constantinople in 1394—1402: Its Economic Aspect
Authors: Kushch Tatiana
Published: October 2024

The longest in the history of the Byzantine capital was the Ottoman siege of 1394—1402. By blocking the city from land and sea, Sultan Bayezid I did not attempt to storm it as he decided to break the Constantinople people down by starvation. This article discusses the economic situation in besieged Constantinople. The main problem facing the townspeople during the siege was the lack of food, primarily grain. The consequence was hunger. The given article has analysed the causes and conditions of the food disaster, as well as its consequences; the government’s and individuals’ attempts to provide the city with essential goods have been examined. The shortage of bread and other goods of daily demand led to spike in prices, ruined merchants and craftsmen in the field, raised market speculation, starvation, and large-scale flight of the population from the besieged city.
The Lovely Family of the British Ambassador in Saint Petersburg and the “Big Politics” of Catherine II
Authors: Smilyanskaya Elena
Published: October 2024

The family archive of the Scottish aristocrats Cathcarts, which until recently did not attract serious attention from researchers, contains rich material for a discussion about the “diffusion” of public and private in history (as Yu. L. Bessmertny thought about). Charles 9th Lord Cathcart was British ambassador to the Russian court from 1768 to 1772. The Cathcart’s mission left not only extensive diplomatic correspondence, but private papers too, including diaries and notes of the ambassador’s wife, Lady Jane (1726—1771). The article is based on translations of Lady Jane’s handwritten diaries. Based on these family records, possible trajectories are presented for studying the roles of the ambassador’s family members in the implementation of the tasks of the diplomatic mission in the second half of the 18th century in Russia, including in the field of culture, personal contacts with the Russian Empress, and the transformation of forms of both etiquette and private communication.
Privacy Modes in Samuel Pepys’s Diary
Authors: Stogova Anna
Published: October 2024

The focus of the presented study is on the privacy of the personal diary in the context of the history of the publication and analysis of Samuel Pepys’s “Journal”. Being the second of the personal diaries published in England, printed in 1825, it largely determined not only the interest in this type of ego-documents but, to a large extent, also their perception. The diary was written in characters that were perceived as a cipher and, consequently, as unmistakable evidence that the author intended to hide his thoughts, feelings, and descriptions of private life from the eyes of others. This frame of perception, by virtue of the diary’s publication history, also largely defines contemporary research, despite the fact that it creates many contradictions. This article proposes to examine the diary in the framework of three different, albeit related, regimes of privacy that defined the actual private life it describes and of which it was a part, the act of writing, and the existence of the diary as a document.
Political Aspects of the Creation of Terminology for National Languages in the USSR, 1920s — 1930s
Authors: Sinitsyn Fedor
Published: October 2024

In the early 1920s, the language situation in the multinational Soviet Union was difficult. Many languages did not have a literary form or even a written language, and suffered from the presence of multiple dialects. Terminological activity in the USSR in the 1920s was very active. In the presence of many approaches to the creation of terminology, a struggle between their supporters unfolded in the 1920s. In addition, the practice of creating terms from the resources of the local national language itself in a number of regions of the USSR developed into linguistic purism, which was not officially sanctioned. In the early 1930s, the task was set to strengthen the process of “internationalization of languages” and formation of a common lexical fund throughout the USSR. The fight against “ideologically harmful” terms began in the country, as well as opposition to purism intensified. Later, the course towards the introduction of “Soviet” terminology was further strengthened, primarily from the Russian language. After the 1930s, the formation of the “inter-Union, international terminological fund” was continued in the USSR. There was a further convergence of local national languages with Russian in terms of vocabulary and spelling.
The Adaptation of Shakespeare’s Plays in Indian Cinema
Authors: Singh Pankhuri
Published: October 2024

This paper focuses on a critical evaluation of how Shakespearean plays are translocated and adapted into the Indian setting along with aiming, rethinking, and repositioning Shakespeare in the twenty-first century Indian cinematic setting. I offer a nuanced understanding of the various approaches undertaken by Vishal Bhardwaj, the director of Haider (2014), which is an adaptation of William Shakespeare’s play Hamlet. I discuss the various elements employed by the filmmaker to indigenize Shakespeare’s play in the Indian setting, which is also my key research question: “How is Shakespeare adapted to the Indian setting?” A few of the ways this is achieved include transculturally adapting the play to a specific part of India ​—​ Bhardwaj alters the “rotten Denmark” to barbed-wire Kashmir, India, thereby giving the play a modern take. Bhardwaj also alters the ending of the play; in Haider we see that Khurram/Claudius and Haider/ Hamlet both are alive. The filmmaker also adds certain words that are very Indian audience specific such as “chutzpah,” which is a word that joins two words (one an abusive word and the other a law). Finally, the author resorts to staying close to a Bollywood trope of songs and dance sequence. The “Mousetrap scene” of Hamlet becomes a lavishly choreographed song, “Bismil,” in Haider. I throw light on all these aspects and analyze how Shakespeare is adapted in Hindi cinema.
Othello and The Specter of Race in Ira Gershwin's Let ‘Em Eat Cake
Authors: Goldfarb Styrt Philip
Published: October 2024

There is a single reference to Shakespeare’s Othello in the Gershwin musical Let 'Em Eat Cake: we are told that the White House is being repainted blue, “not brown like Mr. Othello.” This might seem insignificant as an individual lyric, but this note argues that it actually represents a crucial move in the musical's reinforcement of Whiteness. The musical's use of Shakespeare reinforces the idea that the musical's political revolution overturns only the class organization of the country and not the structures of racism.
Reframing Shakespeare in Postcolonial Bengali Children’s Literature
Authors: Bhadury Poushali
Published: October 2024

This article analyzes the Shakespearean adaptations for children included within the Anubad series,also known as theTranslation series of “world classics” brought out by the prominent Kolkata-based children’s publishing house Dev Sahitya Kutir in the twentieth century. These adapted Shakespearean offerings spoke to both local and global contexts of portable “literary value” and circulation. Dev Sahitya Kutir recontextualized Shakespeare within the Bengali book market in ways that changed the import of the source texts themselves. Shakespeare is here presented to Bengali child readers nestled within a postcolonial children’s world classics series. The Translation series thus stretches the bounds of the established Western canon of “great works/great authors” to present a subversive, flattened canon of “world literature.” It becomes readily apparent to the twenty-first century reader, however, that the retellings implicitly champion middle-class bhadralok [genteel] Bengali values implicated in regres-sive majoritarian cultural aspects such as casteism, classism, and racism. This article goes on to argue that although subversive to a degree in terms of reframing Shakespeare’s canonical status within the broader context of the postcolonial Translation series, these children’s adaptations ultimately reinforce entrenched, oppressive social hierarchies within Bengal.
Interview with Prof. Paromita Chakravarti (Special Issue Shakespeare in Bengal)
Authors: Dhar Amrita , Sen Amrita
Published: October 2024

Interview with Professor Paromita Chakravarti for the special issue on “Shakespeare in Bengal”
Modelling Technical and Economic Parameters in Selection of Manufacturing Devices
Authors: Daneshjo Naqib , Majerník Milan , Krivosudska Jana , Danishjoo Enayat
Published: October 2024

Sustainable science and technology development is also conditioned by continuous development of means of production which have a key role in structure of each production system. Mechanical nature of the means of production is complemented by controlling and electronic devices in context of intelligent industry. A selection of production machines for a technological process or technological project has so far been practically resolved, often only intuitively. With regard to increasing intelligence, the number of variable parameters that have to be considered when choosing a production device is also increasing. It is necessary to use computing techniques and decision making methods according to heuristic methods and more precise methodological procedures during the selection. The authors present an innovative model for optimization of technical and economic parameters in the selection of manufacturing devices for industry 4.0.
SYN Flood Attack Detection in Cloud Computing using Support Vector Machine
Authors: Mašetić Zerina , Kečo Dino , Doǧru Nejdet , Hajdarević Kemal
Published: October 2024

Cloud computing is a trending technology, as it reduces the cost of running a business. However, many companies are skeptic moving about towards cloud due to the security concerns. Based on the Cloud Security Alliance report, Denial of Service (DoS) attacks are among top 12 attacks in the cloud computing. Therefore, it is important to develop a mechanism for detection and prevention of these attacks. The aim of this paper is to evaluate Support Vector Machine (SVM) algorithm in creating the model for classification of DoS attacks and normal network behaviors. The study was performed in several phases: a) attack simulation, b) data collection, c)feature selection, and d) classification. The proposedmodel achieved 100% classification accuracy with true positive rate (TPR) of 100%. SVM showed outstanding performance in DoS attack detection and proves that it serves as a valuable asset in the network security area.