bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
On Priority in Multi-Issue Bankruptcy Problems with Crossed Claims
Authors: Acosta-Vega Rick , Algaba Encarnación , Sánchez-Soriano Joaquín
Published: January 2025

In this paper, we analyze the problem of how to adapt the concept of priority to situations where several perfectly divisible resources have to be allocated among a certain set of agents that have exactly one claim that is used for all resources. In particular, we introduce constrained sequential priority rules and two constrained random arrival rules which extend the classical sequential priority rules and the random arrival rule to these situations. We also provide an axiomatic analysis of these rules. Finally, we present a numerical example to compare the constrained random arrival rule to other solutions in this context.
A Target Domain-Specific Classifier Weight Partial Transfer Adversarial Network for Bearing Fault Diagnosis
Authors: Bai Yin , Hu Xiangdong , Zheng Kai , Chen Yunnong , Tang Yi
Published: January 2025

In actual industry applications, the failure categories of practical equipment are usually a subset of laboratory conditions failure categories. Due to the strict constraints, partial transfer learning can address a more practical diagnostic scenario. In view of this, this paper proposes a target domain-specific classifier weight partial transfer adversarial network. Initially, the 1-D convolutional neural network is employed as the basic architecture. By training the domain discriminator and feature generator with an adversarial strategy, the recognition ability of the domain discriminant network and the feature extraction ability of the feature generation network can be enhanced. After that, a weighted learning strategy is introduced to guide the model to learn the cross-domain invariant feature. Also, a specific target domain classifier is utilized to redivide the target domain decision boundary to accurately classify the unlabeled target domain samples. Finally, five mainstream deep neural network methods are taken for comparison using the data from Western Reserve University and the motor-magnetic brake test designed by us. The results show that the proposed method reaches 90.18% and 96.53% classification accuracy on two datasets, respectively, which demonstrates superior performance compared with the state-of-the-art methods.
Bioactive Steroids with Structural Diversity from the South China Sea Soft Coral Lobophytum sp. and Sponge Xestospongia sp.
Authors: Ke Lin-Mao , Zhang Zi-Ru , Li Song-Wei , Zeng Yan-Bo , Su Ming-Zhi , Guo Yue-Wei
Published: January 2025

A chemical investigation of the soft coral Lobophytum sp. and the sponge Xestospongia sp. from the South China Sea led to the isolation of five steroids, including two new compounds (1 and 4) and one known natural product (3). Compounds 1–3 were derived from the soft coral Lobophytum sp., while 4 and 5 were obtained from the sponge Xestospongia sp. The structures of these compounds were determined by extensive spectroscopic analysis, the time-dependent density functional theory–electronic circular dichroism (TDDFT-ECD) calculation method, and comparison with the spectral data previously reported in the literature. The antibacterial and anti-inflammatory activities of isolated compounds were evaluated in vitro. Compounds 1–3, 4, and 5 exhibited weak antibacterial activity against vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium G1, Streptococcus parauberis KSP28, Photobacterium damselae FP2244, Lactococcus garvieae FP5245, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ZJ028. Moreover, compound 3 showed significant anti-inflammatory activity by inhibiting lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced NO production in RAW 264.7 cells, with an IC50 value of 13.48 μM.
ACE I/D Genotype and Risk of Non-Contact Injury in Moroccan Elite Athletes: A Pilot Study
Authors: El Ouali El Mokhtar , Kartibou Jihan , Del Coso Juan , Supriya Rashmi , Laher Ismail , El Kettani Zineb , Ghazal Hassan , Al Idrissi Najib , Saeidi Ayoub , Mesfioui Abdelhalem , Zouhal Hassane
Published: January 2025

Background and Objectives: The insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism in ACE, the gene encoding the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), has been suggested as a genetic variation that can influence exercise performance and risk of injury in elite athletes. The I allele has been associated with enhanced endurance performance and with reduced inflammation, while the D allele has been associated with improved performance in strength and power activities. However, the role of this genetic variant in the incidence of non-contact injury is underexplored. This study investigated the possible association of ACE I/D genotypes with the risk of non-contact injury in elite Moroccan athletes. Materials and Methods: Forty-three elite male athletes (19 cyclists and 24 field hockey players) from the Moroccan national team participated voluntarily. Non-contact injuries were recorded for all athletes and classified according to the IOC consensus statement by the medical staff of the teams. ACE I/D polymorphism genotyping was performed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using genomic DNA from blood samples. Results: There were four cyclists (21.05%) and eight field hockey players (33.33%) with a non-contact injury during the season. The distribution of the ACE I/D genotypes was similar in the athletes with vs. without non-contact injury for cyclists (DD/ID/II 25.00/50.00/25.00% vs. 46.67/40.00/13.33% non-injured, respectively; X2 = 0.69, p = 0.70), field hockey players (DD/ID/II 50.00/50.00/0.00% vs. 50.00/43.75/6.25%; X2 = 0.54, p = 0.76) and for the whole group of athletes (DD/ID/II 41.67/50.00/8.33% vs. 48.39/41.94/9.68%; X2 = 0.22, p = 0.89). In the whole group of athletes, neither the dominant (DD + ID vs. II = OR: 1.17, 95% CI: 0.15–16.56, p = 0.89) nor the recessive (DD vs. ID + II = OR: 1.31, 95% CI: 1.31–4.89, p = 0.69) models showed an increased risk of non-contact injury. Conclusions: The distribution of the ACE I/D genotypes was similar in elite cycling and field hockey athletes with or without non-contact injury during the season. These results indicate that there is no significant association between the ACE I/D polymorphism and the susceptibility to non-contact injury in these athletes. Further research is warranted to validate these findings and to investigate their broader implications for advancing knowledge in sports injury prevention and optimizing athlete management strategies.
Production of Nanofibers Composed of CuO for the Removal of Pb(II) from Aqueous Solutions
Authors: Giotto dos Santos Amábile , Martins Thiago Rodrigues , Krishnamurthy Satheesh , Assumpção Bertuol Daniel , Tanabe Eduardo Hiromitsu
Published: January 2025

Pollution by heavy metals such as lead is a major concern, since exposure to these metals can lead to various adverse health effects. In this work, nanofibers composed of CuO (CuONFs) were developed as a novel and promising material for Pb(II) adsorption. There have been no previous reports concerning the production of polyacrylonitrile nanofibers modified with copper sulfate pentahydrate, followed by calcination, to be utilized as a Pb(II) adsorbent. The nanofibers were obtained using the centrifugal spinning method and then were characterized before and after a calcination step using analytical techniques. Adsorption parameters were investigated, including pH, contact time, adsorbate concentration, and temperature. Satisfactory Pb (II) adsorption was reached at 298 K, pH 5.8, and a maximum adsorption of 151.34 mg g−1 was achieved, predicted by the Hill model. The kinetic data proved that Pb (II) adsorption better fitted the pseudo-second-order model, while the Hill model was confirmed to best fit the equilibrium data. Thermodynamic parameters demonstrated that the lead adsorption was favorable, spontaneous, and exothermic. The CuONFs maintained 97.51% of their initial adsorption capacity after two adsorption/desorption cycles. The results showed that CuONFs have excellent potential as an adsorbent for Pb(II), while also showing high stability during reuse.
Pharmacometabolomics Enables Real-World Drug Metabolism Sciences
Authors: Nijdam Fleur B. , Hof Marieke A. J. , Blokzijl Hans , Bakker Stephan J. L. , Hak Eelko , Hopfgartner Gérard , Klont Frank ,   on behalf of the TransplantLines Investigators
Published: January 2025

Background/Objectives: Pharmacogenomics (PGx) has revolutionized personalized medicine, notably by predicting drug responses through the study of the metabolic genotype of drug-metabolizing enzymes. However, these genotypes rely heavily on the availability and completeness of drug metabolism information and do not account for (all) “phenoconversion” factors, like drug–drug interactions and comorbidities. To address these limitations, a more phenotypic approach would be desirable, for which pharmacometabolomics (PMx) could be useful by studying and elucidating drug metabolism in patient samples, such as blood and urine. Methods: This study explored the potential of PMx to analyze real-world drug metabolite profiles of the extensively studied drug cyclosporine (CsA) using 24-h urine samples from 732 kidney and 350 liver transplant recipients included in the TransplantLines Biobank and Cohort Study (NCT identifier NCT03272841). Detected metabolites were matched with existing information on CsA metabolism gathered through a comprehensive literature review, aiming to confirm previously reported metabolites and identify potentially unreported ones. Results: Our analyses confirmed the urinary presence of CsA and six known metabolites. Additionally, we detected three known metabolites not previously reported in urine and identified one unreported metabolite, potentially suggesting the involvement of glutathione conjugation. Lastly, the observed metabolic patterns showed no notable differences between kidney and liver transplant recipients. Conclusions: Our findings demonstrate the potential of PMx to enhance the understanding of drug metabolism, even for well-studied compounds such as CsA. Moreover, this study highlights the value of PMx in real-world drug metabolism research and its potential to complement PGx in advancing personalized medicine.
Impact of Radial Electrode Coverage on the Performance of Liquid-Deployed PMUTs: A Dynamic and Kinematic Study
Authors: Sammut Stephen , Gatt Edward , Borg Ruben Paul
Published: January 2025

This paper highlights the optimisation of a key design parameter essential to the development of PMUTs, which are part of the transmitting components of microsensors. These microsensors are designed for use in the Structural Health Monitoring of reinforced concrete structures. Enhancing the effectiveness of the transmitting component allows for greater spacing between microsensors, which in turn reduces the number of devices needed to implement a full structural health monitoring system. PMUTs designed for integration into the pore solution of reinforced concrete structures need to operate effectively with liquid coupling fluids to ensure optimal sonic energy transfer into the structure. This paper outlines the techniques employed to optimize the central electrode’s percentage radial cover of the piezoelectric layer, in circular PMUTs resonating at around 100 kHz. This optimisation was achieved using Finite Element Modelling, laser vibrometry, and hydrophone experimental techniques. The results demonstrated that a radial electrode cover between 65 and 70% significantly enhances the kinematic and dynamic characteristics of a PMUT’s diaphragm when subjected to the excitation of a sine wave electrical signal. The paper also includes advanced time domain finite element analysis, through which the authors aimed to illustrate the diaphragm’s movements at various levels of radial electrode coverage.
COVID-19 Vaccines Effectiveness and Safety in Trinidad and Tobago: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Justiz-Vaillant Angel , Roopnarine Kimberly , Solomon Shaundell , Phillips Alyssa , Sandy Solange , Subero Alyssa , Seepersad Sarah , Span Nicholas , Ramnath Phalmanie , Ramnarine Akaasha , Ramdath Bimala , Rampaul Chelsea , Ramdial Renissa , Phagoo Dana , Ramdhanie Thalia , Moonilal Vinaya , Poliah Emily-Marie , Poonwassie Steffan , Punilal Karishta , Panchoo Sarah , Parris Justice , Oudit Steven , Muir Trudy , Nicholas-Joseph Johnson , Pandit Bijay , Pakeerah Sanjeev , Sookoo Vesham , Richards Patrice , John Tishia , Gopaul Darren , Soodeen Sachin , Arozarena-Barbosa Odette , Williams Arlene , Unakal Chandrashehkar , Fundora Rodolfo , Thompson Reinand , Akpaka Patrick
Published: January 2025

This systematic review evaluated the effectiveness and side effects of various COVID-19 vaccines, with a focus on Trinidad and Tobago. The Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna vaccines demonstrated the highest efficacy, particularly against COVID-19 variants, while Janssen and Sinopharm were comparatively less effective. mRNA vaccines, such as Pfizer-BioNTech and Oxford-AstraZeneca, were associated with more frequent and severe side effects, including soreness, fever, and cardiovascular issues. The review also identified significant gaps in the current scientific literature regarding COVID-19 vaccination issues in Trinidad and Tobago. These gaps highlight the need for comprehensive research to address vaccination challenges, including public health communication, equitable access, and local perceptions of vaccine safety. This analysis provides a foundation for developing targeted strategies to improve vaccine effectiveness in the region.
De Novo Assembly of the Polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) Producer Azohydromonas lata Strain H1 Genome and Genomic Analysis of PHB Production Machinery
Authors: Traversa Daniele , Pazzani Carlo , D’Addabbo Pietro , Trisolini Lucia , Chiara Matteo , Oliva Marta , Marzella Angelo , Mandorino Camilla , Calia Carla , Chimienti Guglielmina , Manzari Caterina , Pesole Graziano , Scrascia Maria
Published: January 2025

Polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) is a biodegradable natural polymer produced by different prokaryotes as a valuable carbon and energy storage compound. Its biosynthesis pathway requires the sole expression of the phaCAB operon, although auxiliary genes play a role in controlling polymer accumulation, degradation, granule formation and stabilization. Due to its biodegradability, PHB is currently regarded as a promising alternative to synthetic plastics for industrial/biotechnological applications. Azohydromonas lata strain H1 has been reported to accumulate PHB by using simple, inexpensive carbon sources. Here, we present the first de novo genome assembly of the A. lata strain H1. The genome assembly is over 7.7 Mb in size, including a circular megaplasmid of approximately 456 Kbp. In addition to the phaCAB operon, single genes ascribable to PhaC and PhaA functions and auxiliary genes were also detected. A comparative genomic analysis of the available genomes of the genus Azohydromonas revealed the presence of phaCAB and auxiliary genes in all Azohydromonas species investigated, suggesting that the PHB production is a common feature of the genus. Based on sequence identity, we also suggest A. australica as the closest species to which the phaCAB operon of the strain H1, reported in 1998, is similar.
Diversity and Potential Cross-Species Transmission of Rotavirus A in Wild Animals in Yunnan, China
Authors: Le Xiang , Tao Yinzhu , Wang Binghui , Hou Yutong , Ning Yuting , Hou Junjie , Wang Ruimei , Li Qian , Xia Xueshan
Published: January 2025

Rotavirus A (RVA) is the primary enteric pathogen of humans and many other species. However, RVA interspecies transmission remains poorly understood. In this study, we conducted a comprehensive screening and genotyping analysis of RVA in 1706 wild animal samples collected from various regions within Yunnan Province, China. A total of 24 samples, originating from wild boars, rodents, bats, and birds tested positive for RVA. Next generation sequencing and phylogenetic analyses revealed a high degree of genetic diversity and reassortment, particularly for VP4 and VP7. Strains isolated from wild boars and rodents exhibited gene segments with high similarity to those found in humans and other mammalian RVA strains, indicating that RVA may undergo interspecies transmission and reassortment, resulting in novel strains with potential risks for human infection. This study provides critical data for understanding the transmission mechanisms and the RVA host range, and highlights the pivotal role of wildlife in viral evolution and dissemination. These findings have significant implications for public health policies and emphasize the need for enhanced surveillance to prevent interspecies RVA transmission.
g-C3N4 Modified with Metal Sulfides for Visible-Light-Driven Photocatalytic Degradation of Organic Pollutants
Authors: Mukhtar Shoaib , Szabó-Bárdos Erzsébet , Őze Csilla , Juzsakova Tatjána , Rácz Kornél , Németh Miklós , Horváth Ottó
Published: January 2025

Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) proved to be a promising semiconductor for the photocatalytic degradation of various organic pollutants. However, its efficacy is limited by a fast electron hole recombination, a restricted quantity of active sites, and a modest absorption in the visible range. To overcome these limitations, g-C3N4-Bi2S3 and g-C3N4-ZnS composites were effectively produced utilizing a starch-assisted technique. The findings from FT-IR, XRD, EDX, XPS, BET, SEM, and TEM demonstrated that the enhanced photocatalytic activity of g-C3N4-Bi2S3 and g-C3N4-ZnS composites was primarily due to their improved photocarrier separation and transfer rates. The photocatalyst facilitated the aerobic photocatalytic degradation of colorless contaminants such as coumarin and para-nitrophenol (4-NP). For the decomposition of 4-NP, g-C3N4-Bi2S3 exhibited a maximum efficiency of 90.86% in UV light and 16.78% in visible light, with rate constants of 0.29 h−1 and 0.016 h−1, respectively. In contrast, g-C3N4-ZnS demonstrated a maximum efficiency of 100% in UV light and 15.1% in visible light, with rate constants of 0.57 h−1 and 0.018 h−1, respectively. The bioinspired synthesis combined with the modification with metal sulfides proved to considerably enhance the photocatalytic activity of g-C3N4, increasing its potential for practical applicability in environmentally friendly water treatment systems for the efficient removal of recalcitrant organic contaminants.
In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluation of the Antischistosomal Activity of Polygodial and 9-Deoxymuzigadial Isolated from Drimys brasiliensis Branches
Authors: Umehara Eric , Cajas Rayssa A. , Conceição Gabriel B. , Antar Guilherme M. , Andricopulo Adriano D. , Moraes Josué de , Lago João Henrique G.
Published: January 2025

In the present study, the hexane extract from branches of Drimys brasiliensis (Winteraceae) displayed potent activity against Schistosoma mansoni parasites (100% mortality of the worms at 200 μg/mL). Bioactivity-guided fractionation afforded, in addition to the previously reported bioactive sesquiterpene 3,6-epidioxy-bisabola-1,10-diene, two chemically related drimane sesquiterpenes—polygodial (1) and 9-deoxymuzigadial (2). The anti-S. mansoni effects for compounds 1 and 2 were determined in vitro, with compound 1 demonstrating significant potency (EC50 value of 10 μM for both male and female worms), while 2 was inactive. Cytotoxicity assays against Vero cells revealed no toxicity for either compound (CC50 > 200 μM). Additionally, an in silico analysis was conducted using the SwissADME platform for 1, revealing that this natural sesquiterpene exhibited adherence to several ADME parameters and no PAINS violations. Finally, in vivo studies with S. mansoni-infected mice treated with compound 1 demonstrated a 44.0% reduction in worm burden, accompanied by decreases in egg production of 71.8% in feces and 69.5% in intestines. These findings highlight the potential of polygodial (1) as a promising prototype for schistosomiasis treatment.
Computational Modeling and Experimental Investigation of CO2-Hydrocarbon System Within Cross-Scale Porous Media
Authors: Chen Feiyu , Sun Linghui , Li Bowen , Pan Xiuxiu , Jiang Boyu , Huo Xu , Zhang Zhirong , Feng Chun
Published: January 2025

CO2 flooding plays a crucial role in enhancing oil recovery and achieving carbon reduction targets, particularly in unconventional reservoirs with complex pore structures. The phase behavior of CO2 and hydrocarbons at different scales significantly affects oil recovery efficiency, yet its underlying mechanisms remain insufficiently understood. This study improves existing thermodynamic models by introducing Helmholtz free energy as a convergence criterion and incorporating adsorption effects in micro- and nano-scale pores. This study refines existing thermodynamic models by incorporating Helmholtz free energy as a convergence criterion, offering a more accurate representation of confined phase behavior. Unlike conventional Gibbs free energy-based models, this approach effectively accounts for confinement-induced deviations in phase equilibrium, ensuring improved predictive accuracy for nanoscale reservoirs. Additionally, adsorption effects in micro- and nano-scale pores are explicitly integrated to enhance model reliability. A multi-scale thermodynamic model for CO2-hydrocarbon systems is developed and validated through physical simulations. Key findings indicate that as the scale decreases from bulk to 10 nm, the bubble point pressure shows a deviation of 5% to 23%, while the density of confined fluids increases by approximately 2%. The results also reveal that smaller pores restrict gas expansion, leading to an enhanced CO2 solubility effect and stronger phase mixing behavior. Through phase diagram analysis, density expansion, multi-stage contact, and differential separation simulations, we further clarify how confinement influences CO2 injection efficiency. These findings provide new insights into phase behavior changes in confined porous media, improving the accuracy of CO2 flooding predictions. The proposed model offers a more precise framework for evaluating phase transitions in unconventional reservoirs, aiding in the optimization of CO2-based enhanced oil recovery strategies.
Visible-Light-Driven Degradation of Chloramphenicol Using CeO2 Nanoparticles Prepared by a Supercritical CO2 Route: A Proof of Concept
Authors: Iannaco Maria Chiara , Mancuso Antonietta , Mottola Stefania , Pipolo Andrea , Vaiano Vincenzo , De Marco Iolanda
Published: January 2025

Recently, the extensive use of antibiotics has unavoidably resulted in the discharge of significant quantities of these drugs into the environment, causing contamination and fostering antibiotic resistance. Among various approaches employed to tackle this problem, heterogeneous photocatalysis has emerged as a technique for antibiotic degradation. This study explores the potential of CeO2 as a photocatalyst for the degradation of chloramphenicol. Supercritical antisolvent (SAS) processing was successfully employed to synthesize photocatalyst precursor nanoparticles. After thermal annealing, the CeO2 samples were characterized through UV–Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy to evaluate the band gap energy values. Raman and FT-IR spectroscopy confirmed the presence of oxygen vacancies in the CeO2 lattice. During photocatalytic experiments, the CeO2 derived from the SAS-processed precursor exhibited superior photocatalytic performance compared to the catalyst synthesized from the non-micronized precursor. Various annealing temperatures were employed to tune the oxygen vacancy of CeO2. Furthermore, the impact of catalyst dosage and chloramphenicol concentration was investigated. Under optimal reaction conditions (25 mg L−1 chloramphenicol and 2.25 g L−1 catalyst dosage), a degradation efficiency of 64% was achieved. Finally, to elucidate the degradation mechanism, different scavengers (EDTA, benzoquinone, and isopropyl alcohol) were utilized, revealing that the superoxide radical is the primary species responsible for chloramphenicol degradation.
‘Ship-in-a-Bottle’ Integration of pH-Sensitive 3D Proteinaceous Meshes into Microfluidic Channels
Authors: Serien Daniela , Sugioka Koji , Narazaki Aiko
Published: January 2025

Microfluidic sensors incorporated onto chips allow sensor miniaturization and high-throughput analyses for point-of-care or non-clinical analytical tools. Three-dimensional (3D) printing based on femtosecond laser direct writing (fs-LDW) is useful for creating 3D microstructures with high spatial resolution because the structures are printed in 3D space along a designated laser light path. High-performance biochips can be fabricated using the ‘ship-in-a-bottle’ integration technique, in which functional microcomponents or biomimetic structures are embedded inside closed microchannels using fs-LDW. Solutions containing protein biomacromolecules as a precursor can be used to fabricate microstructures that retain their native protein functions. Here, we demonstrate the ship-in-a-bottle integration of pure 3D proteinaceous microstructures that exhibit pH sensitivity. We fabricated proteinaceous mesh structures with gap sizes of 10 and 5 μm. The sizes of these gaps changed when exposed to physiological buffers ranging from pH of 4 to 10. The size of the gaps in the mesh can be shrunk and expanded repeatedly by changing the pH of the surrounding buffer. Fs-LDW enables the construction of microscopic proteinaceous meshes that exhibit dynamic functions such as pH sensing and might find applications for filtering particles in microfluidic channels.
Processing and Characterization of Nickel Matrix Nanocomposites Reinforced with Layered Nickel Aluminide Intermetallics Using Mechanical Alloying and Spark Plasma Sintering
Authors: Adabavazeh Zary , Shiranibidabadi Amir Hossein , Enayati Mohammad Hossein , Karimzadeh Fathallah
Published: January 2025

This research discusses the fabrication of a nickel matrix nanocomposite reinforced with in situ synthesized layered Ni3Al intermetallics using mechanical alloying (MA) and spark plasma sintering (SPS). In contrast to ex situ methods that frequently produce weak interfaces, the in situ approach enhances bonding and mechanical performance by using layered Ni3Al reinforcements with excellent deformation resistance and load-bearing potential. Twenty-hour milled Ni-Al powders were annealed at 700 °C and consolidated using SPS, achieving approximately 96% theoretical density. The nanocomposite showed exceptional mechanical properties, with a hardness of 350 ± 15 HV in contrast to 200 ± 5 HV for pure Ni, along with higher wear resistance and reduced wear track depth. These improvements resulted from microstructural refinement and the development of hard intermetallic phases. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) confirmed the formation of a homogeneous layered Ni3Al structure inside the matrix, showing a crystallite size of around 40 nm post-milling. Layered reinforcements enhanced matrix–reinforcement interactions, thereby minimizing common challenges in traditional composites. This innovative production technique highlights the future potential of Ni3Al-reinforced nanocomposites as high-performance materials for advanced engineering applications, combining outstanding mechanical and tribological properties with strong structural integrity.
Vitamin Metabolism and Its Dependency on Genetic Variations Among Healthy Adults: A Systematic Review for Precision Nutrition Strategies
Authors: Bösch Elana Sophie , Spörri Jörg , Scherr Johannes
Published: January 2025

Background/Objectives: In recent years, there has been a growing interest in precision nutrition and its potential for disease prevention. Differences in individual responses to diet, especially among populations of different ancestry, have underlined the importance of understanding the effects of genetic variations on nutrient intake (nutrigenomics). Since humans generally cannot synthesize essential vitamins, the maintenance of healthy bodily functions depends on dietary vitamin intake. Understanding the differences in vitamin uptake and metabolism across diverse populations may allow for targeted treatment plans and improved overall health. We assessed the current scientific evidence on genetic variations (such as single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs)) affecting vitamin metabolism in humans. Methods: A systematic literature review of primary studies on genetic variations associated with (personalized) nutrition was conducted. Using key terms related to personalized nutrition, nutrigenomics, SNPs, and genetic variations, three online databases were searched for studies published between 2007 and 2023 that included healthy adult subjects. Only results that were confirmed at least once were included. Study quality was assessed with the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) critical appraisal tool. Results: Eighty-six articles were included in this review. Our analysis revealed associations with homocysteine metabolism and B Vitamins, Vitamin D, and components of Vitamin E. Genetic associations with Vitamin D, particularly with the GC gene, were extensively researched and linked to lower 25(OH)D concentrations, with sunlight exposure as a contributing factor. Most variants had a negative effect on homocysteine levels. Additionally, we observed general increases in carotenoid levels in the presence of SNPs, although more research on Selenium and Selenoprotein P concentrations is warranted. No studies on Vitamin C were obtained, indicating an area for further methodological improvement. Ancestry is believed to be a significant factor influencing SNP associations and significance. Conclusions: The current review emphasizes the importance of genetics in targeted disease prevention and health care. Our comprehensive findings may provide healthcare practitioners with reliable information to make recommendations in precision nutrition, specifically vitamin supplementation.
Trypanosoma cruzi: Genomic Diversity and Structure
Authors: Herreros-Cabello Alfonso , Callejas-Hernández Francisco , Gironès Núria , Fresno Manuel
Published: January 2025

Trypanosoma cruzi is the causative agent of Chagas disease, a neglected tropical disease, and one of the most important parasitic diseases worldwide. The first genome of T. cruzi was sequenced in 2005, and its complexity made assembly and annotation challenging. Nowadays, new sequencing methods have improved some strains’ genome sequence and annotation, revealing this parasite’s extensive genetic diversity and complexity. In this review, we examine the genetic diversity, the genomic structure, and the principal multi-gene families involved in the pathogenicity of T. cruzi. The T. cruzi genome sequence is divided into two compartments: the core (conserved) and the disruptive (variable in length and multicopy gene families among strains). The disruptive region has also been described as genome plasticity and plays a key role in the parasite survival and infection process. This region comprises several multi-gene families, including trans-sialidases, mucins, and mucin-associated surface proteins (MASPs). Trans-sialidases are the most prevalent genes in the genome with a key role in the infection process, while mucins and MASPs are also significant glycosylated proteins expressed on the parasite surface, essential for its biological functions, as host–parasite interaction, host cell invasion or protection against the host immune system, in both insect and mammalian stages. Collectively, in this review, some of the most recent advances in the structure and composition of the T. cruzi genome are reviewed.
Molecular Characterization, Oxidative Stress-Mediated Genotoxicity, and Hemato-Biochemical Changes in Domestic Water Buffaloes Naturally Infected with Trypanosoma evansi Under Field Conditions
Authors: Ahmad Waqas , Tipu Muhammad Yasin , Khan Muti ur Rehman , Akbar Haroon , Anjum Aftab Ahmad , Omer Muhammad Ovais
Published: January 2025

(1) Background: Surra is a debilitating disease of wild and domestic animals caused by Trypanosoma evansi (T. evansi), resulting in significant mortality and production losses in the affected animals. This study is the first to assess the genetic relationships of T. evansi in naturally affected buffaloes from Multan district, Pakistan, using ITS-1 primers and evaluating the effects of parasitemia and oxidative stress on DNA damage and hematobiochemical changes in infected buffaloes. (2) Methods: Blood samples were collected from 167 buffaloes using a multi-stage cluster sampling strategy, and trypomastigote identification was performed through microscopy and PCR targeting RoTat 1.2 and ITS-1 primers. Molecular characterization involved ITS-1 via neighbor-joining analysis. The impact of parasitemia loads was correlated with oxidative stress markers, genotoxicity, and hematobiochemical parameters using Pearson correlation and multivariable regression models. (3) Results: Field-stained thin blood film microscopy and molecular identification revealed 8.98% and 10.18% infection rates, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis based on ITS-1 region sequences of the identified isolates showed close genetic associations with Indian isolates. The mean trypomastigote count observed in the infected buffaloes was 5.15 × 106 (±5.3 × 102)/µL of blood. The parasitemia loads were significantly correlated with the alterations in oxidative stress markers, DNA damage, and changes in hematobiochemical parameters. Infected animals exhibited significant (p < 0.05) alterations in oxidative stress biomarkers, including catalase, nitric oxide, and malondialdehyde concentrations. Noteworthily, a comet assay revealed a significantly (p < 0.0001) higher mean genetic damage index in the infected buffaloes (0.7 ± 0.04) compared with the healthy ones (0.196 ± 0.004). Alongside significant (p < 0.05) reductions in red cell indices, a marked elevation in leukocyte counts and serum hepatic enzyme levels was recorded in the affected buffaloes. (4) Conclusion: T. evansi isolates of buffaloes from Multan, Pakistan, have genetic similarities to Indian isolates. This study also revealed that higher parasitemia loads induce genotoxicity in the infected animals through oxidative stress and cause hematobiochemical alterations under natural field conditions.
Combined Impact of Canada Goldenrod Invasion and Soil Microplastic Contamination on Seed Germination and Root Development of Wheat: Evaluating the Legacy of Toxicity
Authors: Li Guanlin , Tang Yi , Xie Hongliang , Iqbal Babar , Wang Yanjiao , Dong Ke , Zhao Xin , Kim Hyun-Jun , Du Daolin , Xiao Chunwang
Published: January 2025

The concurrent environmental challenges of invasive species and soil microplastic contamination increasingly affect agricultural ecosystems, yet their combined effects remain underexplored. This study investigates the interactive impact of the legacy effects of Canada goldenrod (Solidago canadensis L.) invasion and soil microplastic contamination on wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) seed germination and root development. We measured wheat seed germination and root growth parameters by utilizing a controlled potted experiment with four treatments (control, S. canadensis legacy, microplastics, and combined treatment). The results revealed that the legacy effects of S. canadensis and microplastic contamination affected wheat seed germination. The effects of different treatments on wheat seedling properties generally followed an “individual treatment enhances, and combined treatment suppresses” pattern, except for root biomass. Specifically, the individual treatment promoted wheat seedling development. However, combined treatment significantly suppressed root development, decreasing total root length and surface area by 23.85% and 31.86%, respectively. These findings demonstrate that while individual treatments may promote root development, their combined effects are detrimental, indicating a complex interaction between these two environmental stressors. The study highlights the need for integrated soil management strategies to mitigate the combined impacts of invasive species and microplastic contamination on crop productivity and ecosystem health.
Genetic Stability and Inbreeding in a Synthetic Maize Variety Based on a Finite Model
Authors: Rodríguez-Pérez Juan Enrique , Sahagún-Castellanos Jaime , Peña-Lomelí Aureliano , Villanueva-Verduzco Clemente , Arellano-Suarez Denise
Published: January 2025

A synthetic variety (SV) of maize may not become stable if the sample size representing each parental line (m) is small. This research aimed to evaluate the effect of m on the inbreeding coefficient (IC) of the SV (FSynL) and on the stability of its genetic constitution. An SV formed by randomly mating l unrelated lines whose inbreeding coefficient is F was considered, and a random sample was taken from the genotypic array of the progeny produced by selfing a parental line A1A2 (GA) This sample was visualized as a set of g groups of four plants whose genotypes are all four of the GA and e represented the number of plants that failed to form a group. The ICs of the selfings and those of the intragroup and intergroup crosses were calculated to derive the formula for FSynL in terms of m,g,e,l and F. It was found that as m grows, FSynL tends to (1+F)/2. With m=15, FSynL is practically stabilized and the probability of no genotype loss is 0.979. Moreover, the probability of losing A1 or A2 is practically equal to zero from m=6 onwards. However, the probability that their frequencies remain the same decreases as m gets larger.
The Potency of Essential Oils in Combating Stored-Product Pests: From Nature to Nemesis
Authors: Kavallieratos Nickolas G. , Eleftheriadou Nikoleta , Filintas Constantin S. , Boukouvala Maria C. , Gidari Demeter Lorentha S. , Skourti Anna , Ntinokas Dionysios , Ferrati Marta , Spinozzi Eleonora , Petrelli Riccardo , Maggi Filippo
Published: January 2025

Sitophilus oryzae, Tribolium castaneum, Tribolium confusum, Oryzaephilus surinamensis, Rhyzopertha dominica, Tenebrio molitor, Trogoderma granarium, Acarus siro, and Alphitobius diaperinus represent significant arthropod stored-product pests worldwide. To combat these noxious arthropods, the current study examines the pesticidal effect of essential oils (EOs) derived from four aromatic plants, i.e., Illicium verum Hook. F., Citrus reticulata Blanco, Monodora myristica (Gaertn.) Dunal, and Xylopia aethiopica (Dunal) A. Rich. Considering the challenge of pesticide resistance, the current study focuses on assessing the efficacy of these EOs as an eco-friendly alternative to traditional synthetic insecticides. Two EO concentrations (500 and 1000 µL/kg wheat) were applied to different life stages of these pests in the bioassays. Mortality rates were monitored over several days under controlled environmental conditions. The findings demonstrated that C. reticulata and I. verum EOs had elevated insecticidal effects, especially against larval stages, resulting in 100% mortality in several species. On the contrary, M. myristica and X. aethiopica EOs showed less overall efficacy despite their potency against some pests. Both I. verum and C. reticulata EOs outperformed the positive control, pirimiphos-methyl, in several assays. The results of the current study highlight the potential of several EOs as effective alternatives in reducing synthetic pesticide use for integrated pest control management.
Polysaccharides: The Sustainable Foreground in Energy Storage Systems
Authors: Thomas Sharin Maria , Gómez-Romero Pedro , González-Gil Rosa M.
Published: January 2025

Polysaccharides offer a perfect option as raw materials for the development of a new generation of sustainable batteries and supercapacitors. This is due to their abundance and inherent structural characteristics. Polysaccharides can be chemically functionalized and engineered, offering a wide range of possibilities as electrode materials (as precursors of porous nanocarbons), binders and separators. Their hierarchical morphology also enables their exploitation as aerogel and hydrogel structures for quasi-solid and solid polymer electrolytes with high conductivity and wide voltage stability windows. In this review, we discuss how different polysaccharides, such as lignocellulosic biomass, starch, chitosan, natural gums, sugars and marine polysaccharides, can be applied in different components of energy storage systems (ESSs). An overview of the recent research work adhering to each functionality of different polysaccharides in various storage systems is provided.
A Hybrid Mechanism and Data-Based Modeling Approach to a Post-Combustion Carbon Capture Process in a Coal-Fired Power Unit
Authors: Jiang Sizhe , Li Zheng , Liu Pei
Published: January 2025

Chemical absorption carbon capture systems use solutions with complex compositions to further reduce energy consumption and improve performance. Modeling and simulation are essential methods for studying the characteristics of these systems and optimizing them. However, existing methods cannot be used to build models of systems with complex or unknown solutions. This study proposes a hybrid modeling method integrating mechanism modeling and operational data for a chemical absorption carbon capture system. This method interprets the physical and chemical properties of solvents under various operating conditions based on operational data. To validate the effectiveness of this method, it is applied to a real-life post-combustion carbon dioxide capture system in a 1000 MW coal-fired power unit, which has an annual capture capacity of 10,000 tons. The results of the case study indicate that the proposed method can obtain values of key property parameters of solvents, including absorption heat, cyclic carbon capacity, and heat capacity. The average relative error between operational data and simulation data ranges from 0.2% to 8.0%.
The Effect of Oxidation on Coal’s Molecular Structure and the Structure Model Construction of Oxidized Coal Molecular
Authors: Li Dahu , Yang Fangjia , Cao Zhao , Li Ruoqi , Hu Yiwen
Published: January 2025

Three kinds of 1/3 coking coals with different degrees of oxidation were used for this study in Inner Mongolia, China. Using analytical testing methods such as X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), nuclear magnetic resonance carbon spectroscopy (13C-NMR) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), combined with computer-aided software such as Chemdraw, Materials Studio (2017), and MestRenova, three coal samples were characterized and analyzed. On this basis, the molecular formulas of three coal samples with different degrees of oxidation were constructed by optimizing the model energies: we used C228H165N3O21S4 for Suhaitu9# coal, C244H171N3O31S2 for Guoyu coal, and C225H177N3O33S2 for Lu9# coal. The results showed that, at the same coal rank, the oxidation degrees of S9, GY, and L9 coal samples were 21.10%, 48.30%, and 53.12%, respectively. As the oxidation degree increased, the proportion of oxygen-containing functional groups and nitrogen oxides in the coal macromolecular structure gradually increased. The bridge circumference ratios were 0.3786, 0.3351, and 0.2228, respectively, showing a gradual decrease. The average methylene chain lengths were 4.9569, 2.6843, and 1.9055, respectively, showing a gradual decrease. This indicates that the condensation degree of the compounds decreases with the increase in the degree of oxidation. These findings reflect the effect of oxidation on the modeling of coal’s macromolecular structure and lay a theoretical foundation for the further study of impact of the degree of oxidation on the physicochemical properties of coal.
A Review on Face Mask Recognition
Authors: Zhang Jiaonan , An Dong , Zhang Yiwen , Wang Xiaoyan , Wang Xinyue , Wang Qiang , Pan Zhongqi , Yue Yang
Published: January 2025

This review offers a comprehensive and in-depth analysis of face mask detection and recognition technologies, emphasizing their critical role in both public health and technological advancements. Existing detection methods are systematically categorized into three primary classes: feaRture-extraction-and-classification-based approaches, object-detection-models-based methods and multi-sensor-fusion-based methods. Through a detailed comparison, their respective workflows, strengths, limitations, and applicability across different contexts are examined. The review underscores the paramount importance of accurate face mask detection, especially in response to global public health challenges such as pandemics. A central focus is placed on the role of datasets in driving algorithmic performance, addressing key factors, including dataset diversity, scale, annotation granularity, and modality. The integration of depth and infrared data is explored as a promising avenue for improving robustness in real-world conditions, highlighting the advantages of multimodal datasets in enhancing detection capabilities. Furthermore, the review discusses the synergistic use of real-world and synthetic datasets in overcoming challenges such as dataset bias, scalability, and resource scarcity. Emerging solutions, such as lightweight model optimization, domain adaptation, and privacy-preserving techniques, are also examined as means to improve both algorithmic efficiency and dataset quality. By synthesizing the current state of the field, identifying prevailing challenges, and outlining potential future research directions, this paper aims to contribute to the development of more effective, scalable, and robust face mask detection systems for diverse real-world applications.
An Analysis of Temperature-Dependent Timing Jitter Factors in the Structural Design of Complementary Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Single-Photon Avalanche Detectors
Authors: Wu Jau-Yang , Lu Yu-Wei , Liu Meng-Hsuan , Chang Tien-Ning , Liu Chun-Hsien
Published: January 2025

Single-Photon Avalanche Photodiodes (SPADs) are increasingly utilized in high-temperature-operated, high-performance Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) systems as well as in ultra-low-temperature-operated quantum science applications due to their high photon sensitivity and timing resolution. Consequently, the jitter value of SPADs at different temperatures plays a crucial role in LiDAR systems and Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) applications. However, limited studies have been conducted on this topic. In this study, we analyze the jitter characteristics of SPAD devices, focusing on the influence of device structures in two SPAD designs fabricated using the TSMC 18HV and TSMC 13HV processes. Using picosecond lasers with wavelengths ranging from ultraviolet (405 nm) to near-infrared (905 nm), we investigate the impact of different diffusion carrier types on jitter values and their temperature dependence across a range of 0 °C to 60 °C. Our results show that the jitter value of SPAD devices with low electric field regions varies significantly with temperature. This variation can be attributed to the higher temperature-dependent diffusion constant, as demonstrated by fitting the jitter diffusion tail with two diffusion time constants. In contrast, SPADs designed with modified electric field distributions exhibit smaller diffusion time constants and weaker temperature dependence, resulting in a much smaller temperature-dependent jitter value.