bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An Experimental Study on the Compressive Dynamic Performance of Rubber Concrete under Freeze‐Thaw Cycles
Authors: Zhang Juntao , Zhang Guangli , Sun Xinjian , Pan Wenguo , Huang Peijie , Li Zhanhai , Zhang Baoyun , Zhou Xinjie
Published: May 2021

An experimental study was conducted using a hydraulic servo machine to examine the compressive dynamic performance of rubber concrete under freeze‐thaw cycles by considering 4 different numbers of freeze‐thaw cycles and 8 different strain rates. The compressive stress‐strain curves of rubber concrete under different loading conditions were obtained. By comparatively analyzing the mechanical characteristic parameters of the compressive stress‐strain curves (i.e., peak stress, elastic modulus, and peak strain), the following conclusions were drawn: at the same loading strain rate, the compressive peak stress of rubber concrete is gradually decreased while the mass loss rate is gradually increased, as the number of freeze‐thaw cycles increases. Compared to ordinary concrete, rubber concrete has a better frost resistance property. At the same number of freeze‐thaw cycles, the compressive peak stress and elastic modulus of rubber concrete are gradually increased as the loading strain rate increases. The increase in the number of freeze‐thaw cycles enlarges the increasing amplitude of the peak stress and elastic modulus under the action of loading strain rate. The compressive peak stress and elastic modulus dynamic increase factors of rubber concrete exhibit a linear relationship with the dimensionless logarithm of the loading strain rate. Meanwhile, a calculation model was proposed for the compressive peak stress dynamic increase factor of rubber concrete under the coupling effect of freeze‐thaw cycles and loading strain rate, and the corresponding stress mechanism was discussed in detail. The research findings are of great significance to the application and development of antifreeze concrete in engineering practice.
Development and Characterization of Stingless Bee Propolis Properties for the Development of Solid Lipid Nanoparticles for Loading Lipophilic Substances
Authors: Khongkaew Putthiporn , Chaemsawang Watcharaphong
Published: May 2021

Stingless bees are insects which are popularly bred by agriculturists in the eastern region of Thailand for the pollination of their orchards. The products from stingless bee breeding include bee honey and bee propolis. The objective of this experiment is to study the possibility of developing stingless bee propolis wax into solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) by the comparison of five surfactants (Brij 721, Cremophor WO 7, Myrj 52, Poloxamer 188, and Tween 80). Each surfactant is used at three concentrations: 10%, 20%, and 30%. A master formula is selected according to the following: physical features, particle size, zeta potential, and entrapment. The results showed that Brij 721 and Myri 52 at 20% can be used in preparing SLN and have good preservation properties for vitamin E (size: 451.2 nm and 416.8 nm, zeta potential: - 24.0 and - 32.7; % EE: 92.32% and 92.00%, resp.). Therefore, they are further developed by adding the following drugs at low solubility: curcumin, ibuprofen, and astaxanthin. It is found that a formula using the surfactants Brij 721 and Myrj 52 at 20% have similar drug entrapment. The entrapment study involves curcumin 82%, ibuprofen 40%, and astaxanthin 67%. Moreover, the cytotoxicity test of blank solid lipid nanoparticle found no toxicty in fibroblast cell line (CRL-2522). Therefore, from this study, it is determined that stingless bee propolis wax has the potential to be developed to provide more efficient SLN in the future.
Bioinformatic HLA Studies in the Context of SARS‐CoV‐2 Pandemic and Review on Association of HLA Alleles with Preexisting Medical Conditions
Authors: Mobini Kesheh Mina , Shavandi Sara , Hosseini Parastoo , Kakavand-Ghalehnoei Rezvan , Keyvani Hossein
Published: May 2021

After the announcement of a new coronavirus in China in December 2019, which was then called SARS‐CoV‐2, this virus changed to a global concern and it was then declared as a pandemic by WHO. Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) alleles, which are one of the most polymorphic genes, play a pivotal role in both resistance and vulnerability of the body against viruses and other infections as well as chronic diseases. The association between HLA alleles and preexisting medical conditions such as cardiovascular diseases and diabetes mellitus is reported in various studies. In this review, we focused on the bioinformatic HLA studies to summarize the HLA alleles which responded to SARS‐CoV‐2 peptides and have been used to design vaccines. We also reviewed HLA alleles that are associated with comorbidities and might be related to the high mortality rate among COVID‐19 patients. Since both genes and patients’ medical conditions play a key role in both severity of the disease and the mortality rate in COVID‐19 patients, a better understanding of the connection between HLA alleles and SARS‐CoV‐2 can provide a wider perspective on the behavior of the virus. Such understanding can help scientists, especially in terms of protecting healthcare workers and designing effective vaccines.
Do Intellectual Capital Elements Spur Firm Performance? Evidence from the Textile and Apparel Industry in China
Authors: Zhang Liang , Yu Qi , Jin Zhenji , Xu Jian
Published: May 2021

This paper examines how investment in intellectual capital (IC) elements by textile and apparel companies improves firm performance measured in terms of profitability, market value, and productivity. The modified value-added intellectual coefficient (MVAIC) model is applied to measure IC. Using a panel of 35 Chinese textile and apparel companies for a six-year period (2013–2018), the results show that physical and human capitals are the strong factors that contribute to firm performance. In addition, relational capital negatively influences profitability and market value, and structural capital and innovation capital have a negative impact on employee productivity. We also find that the MVAIC model performs better in measuring IC than the original value-added intellectual coefficient (VAIC) model. This paper can provide some insights for corporate managers to enhance firm performance and gain competitive advantage by proper utilization of IC in traditional industries.
Negative and Positive Bias for Emotional Faces: Evidence from the Attention and Working Memory Paradigms
Authors: Xu Qianru , Ye Chaoxiong , Gu Simeng , Hu Zhonghua , Lei Yi , Li Xueyan , Huang Lihui , Liu Qiang
Published: May 2021

Visual attention and visual working memory (VWM) are two major cognitive functions in humans, and they have much in common. A growing body of research has investigated the effect of emotional information on visual attention and VWM. Interestingly, contradictory findings have supported both a negative bias and a positive bias toward emotional faces (e.g., angry faces or happy faces) in the attention and VWM fields. We found that the classical paradigms—that is, the visual search paradigm in attention and the change detection paradigm in VWM—are considerably similar. The settings of these paradigms could therefore be responsible for the contradictory results. In this paper, we compare previous controversial results from behavioral and neuroscience studies using these two paradigms. We suggest three possible contributing factors that have significant impacts on the contradictory conclusions regarding different emotional bias effects; these factors are stimulus choice, experimental setting, and cognitive process. We also propose new research directions and guidelines for future studies.
Backstepping Output Feedback Control for the Stochastic Nonlinear System Based on Variable Function Constraints with the Subsea Intelligent Electroexecution Robot System
Authors: Guo Long-Chuan , Ni Jing , Liu Jing-Biao , Fang Xiang-Kun , Meng Qing-Hua , Peng Yu-Dong
Published: May 2021

The output feedback controller is designed for a class of stochastic nonlinear systems that satisfy uncertain function growth conditions for the first time. The multivariate function growth condition has greatly relaxed the restrictions on the drift and diffusion terms in the original stochastic nonlinear system. Here, we cleverly handle the problem of uncertain functions in the scaling process through the function maxima theory so that the Ito differential system can achieve output stabilization through Lyapunov function design and the solution of stochastic nonlinear system objects satisfies the existence of uniqueness, ensuring that the system is globally asymptotically stable in the sense of probability. Furthermore, it is concluded that the system is inversely optimally stable in the sense of probability. Finally, we apply the theoretical results to the practical subsea intelligent electroexecution robot control system and obtain good results.
A UPLC-Q-TOF/MS-Based Metabolomics Study on the Effect of Corallodiscus flabellatus (Craib) B. L. Burtt Extract on Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Wang Yang-Yang , Zhou Ning , Si Yan-Po , Bai Zhi-Yao , Li Meng , Feng Wei-Sheng , Zheng Xiao-Ke
Published: May 2021

A UPLC-Q-TOF/MS-based metabolomics study was carried out to explore the intervening mechanism of Corallodiscus flabellatus (Craib) B. L. Burtt (CF) extract on Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The AD model group consisted of senescence-accelerated mouse prone 8 (SAMP8) mice, and the control group consisted of senescence-accelerated mouse resistant 1 (SAMR1) mice. UPLC-Q-TOF/MS detection, multivariate statistical analysis, and pathway enrichment were jointly performed to research the change in metabolite profiling in the urine of AD mice. The result suggested that the metabolite profiling of SAMP8 mice significantly changed at the sixth month compared with SAMR1 mice of the same age, and the principal component analysis (PCA) score scatter plots of the CF group closely resembled those of the control and positive drug (huperzine A, HA) group. A total of 28 metabolites were considered potential biomarkers associated with the metabolism of beta-alanine, glycine, serine, threonine, cysteine, methionine, arginine, proline, and purines in AD mice. Furthermore, the CF group was clustered with the control and positive group and was clearly separated from the model group in the heat map. In conclusion, significant anti-AD effects were firstly observed in mice after treatment with the CF extract, and the urinary metabolomics approach assisted with dissecting the underlying mechanism.
A New Dynamic Prediction Model for Underground Mining Subsidence Based on Inverse Function of Unstable Creep
Authors: Cheng Hua , Zhang Liangliang , Guo Longhui , Wang Xiaojian , Peng Shilong
Published: May 2021

In this study, an improved Knothe time function model is established via analogical reasoning from a phenomenological perspective, based on an inverse “Hohai creep model” function, in accordance with the antisymmetric relationship between the unstable creep curve and surface dynamic subsidence curve. An empirical method and fitting method are proposed to determine the parameters of the improved model based on the availability of measured field data. The accuracies of the two models are compared with monitored data from eight monitoring points in the main strike profile of the Guotun coal mine subsidence basin. The results show that the improved model can more accurately reflect the dynamic process of surface subsidence. The average relative standard deviation of the improved model is only 4.9%, which is far lower than the 23.1% associated with the Knothe model. This verifies the improved model’s accuracy and reliability. The model parameters for different monitoring stations obtained using the fitting method are similar, which shows that the model parameters are regular and can be easily applied.
Response Characteristics of Coal‐Like Material Subjected to Repeated Hydraulic Fracturing: An Evaluation Based on Real‐Time Monitoring of Water Injection Pressure and Roof Stress Distribution
Authors: Zhang Yongjiang , Yuan Benqing , Niu Xingang
Published: May 2021

Conventional hydraulic fracturing has several disadvantages, including a short effective extraction time and low fracture conductivity during long‐term extraction. Aiming at overcoming these shortcomings, a similar simulation test of repeated hydraulic fracturing was conducted in this study, and the evolutionary rules regarding the injection water pressure and stress distribution of the coal seam roof during this repeated hydraulic fracturing were revealed. The research results show that after multiple hydraulic fracturing, the number of cracks in the coal seam and the range of fracturing influence have increased significantly. As the number of fracturing increases, the initial pressure required for cracking decreases. The highest water injection pressure of the first fracturing was 2.8 MPa, while the highest water injection pressures of the second and third fracturing were 2.7 MPa and 2.4 MPa, respectively. As the number of fracturing increases, the area of increased stress will continue to expand. After the first fracturing, the impact radius of fracturing is 100 cm. After the second fracturing, the radius of influence of fracturing expanded to 150 cm. When the third fracturing was over, the radius of influence of the fracturing expanded to approximately 250 cm. It can be seen that, compared with conventional hydraulic fracturing, repeated hydraulic fracturing shows better fracturing effect. The research results can be used as a basis for repeated hydraulic fracturing field tests to increase coal seam permeability.
A Cardiac Rehabilitation Program for Breast Cancer Survivors: A Feasibility Study
Authors: Zvinovski Filadelfiya , Stephens Julie A. , Ramaswamy Bhuvaneswari , Reinbolt Raquel E. , Noonan Anne M. , VanDeusen Jeffrey Bryan , Wesolowski Robert , Stover Daniel G. , Williams Nicole Olivia , Sardesai Sagar D. , Mehta Laxmi , Foraker Randi , Gulati Martha , Lustberg Maryam , Quick Allison M.
Published: May 2021

Purpose. The purpose of this study was to determine the feasibility and preliminary efficacy of a cardiac rehabilitation (CR) intervention in the breast cancer population. Methods. This single-arm feasibility study evaluated a 14-week CR intervention program in breast cancer survivors. Feasibility was defined as completion of at least 30/36 sessions of the program without serious adverse events (SAE) in 80% of patients. Secondary endpoints included the change in VO2 max, cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors, Duke Activity Secondary Index (DASI), Brief Fatigue Inventory (BFI), and QLQ-C30. All outcomes were reported as mean change and compared using paired t-tests. Results. A total of 25 patients were enrolled in the study. 18 patients of the 25 enrolled (72%) completed the 14 weeks program without SAE. The overall adherence to the study protocol was 60%. Of the 18 participants who did not withdraw from the program, 15 (83%) adhered to the study protocol and completed 30 or more sessions. There was a nonsignificant improvement in VO2 max (mean Δ0.5,

p
=
0.6

). The scores for DASI, BFI, and QLQ-C30 improved from baseline to posttreatment. Conclusion. A CR intervention in breast cancer survivors had high adherence in those who were able to complete the 14-week program. The program significantly improved patient reported physical activity, fatigue, and quality of life (QoL), without significant improvement in CVD risk factors. Implications for cancer patients are that early implementation of a CR program should be considered by practitioners as it improves QoL and exercise tolerance in breast cancer survivors.
Data-Driven Urban Traffic Accident Analysis and Prediction Using Logit and Machine Learning-Based Pattern Recognition Models
Authors: Najafi Moghaddam Gilani Vahid , Hosseinian Seyed Mohsen , Ghasedi Meisam , Nikookar Mohammad
Published: May 2021

Modeling the severity of accidents based on the most effective variables accounts for developing a high-precision model presenting the possibility of occurrence of each category of future accidents, and it could be utilized to prioritize the corrective measures for authorities. The purpose of this study is to identify the variables affecting the severity of the injury, fatal, and property damage only (PDO) accidents in Rasht city by collecting information on urban accidents from March 2019 to March 2020. In this regard, the multiple logistic regression and the pattern recognition type of artificial neural network (ANN) as a machine learning solution are used to recognize the most influential variables on the severity of accidents and the superior approach for accident prediction. Results show that the multiple logistic regression in the forward stepwise method has R2 of 0.854 and an accuracy prediction power of 89.17%. It turns out that the accidents occurred between 18 and 24 and KIA Pride vehicle has the highest effect on increasing the severity of accidents, respectively. The most important result of the logit model accentuates the role of environmental variables, including poor lighting conditions alongside unfavorable weather and the dominant role of unsafe and poor quality of vehicles on increasing the severity of accidents. In addition, the machine learning model performs significantly better and has higher prediction accuracy (98.9%) than the logit model. In addition, the ANN model’s greater power to predict and estimate future accidents is confirmed through performance and sensitivity analysis.
Role of Integrated Nutrient Management for Sustainable Maize Production
Authors: Gezahegn Almaz Meseret
Published: May 2021

Boosting crop productivity can be attained through the application of inorganic fertilizer; however, safeguarding the environment for future generations is overbearing especially for continuous increase in the world population. Sustainable crop productivity might be attained through the judicious use of both organic and inorganic fertilizers. The substitution of parts of inorganic fertilizers with organic fertilizer could maintain and sustain soil productivity and improve crop productivity. This paper has reviewed the past research work carried out by various scientists. A comprehensive literature review revealed that integrated nutrient management enhances maize yield, nutrient uptake, and economic return compared with the sole application of organic and inorganic fertilizers.
Martial Arts Training Prediction Model Based on Big Data and MEMS Sensors
Authors: Li Shisen , Liu Chao , Yuan Guoliang
Published: May 2021

In martial arts teaching and sports training, the accurate capturing and analysis of martial arts athletes’ posture is conducive to accurately judge sports postures, as well as correcting sports movements in a targeted manner, further improving martial arts athletes’ performance and reducing physical damage. The manufacturing level of MEMS sensors continues to improve, and status perception of assembly objects is becoming more and more abundant and accurate. The shape is small and can be worn, and data can be collected continuously without obstacles. The price is relatively low, the privacy protection is strong, and the advantages are clear and prominent. A considerable number of technicians choose to use MEMS sensors as the main tool for human behavior detection data collection. Therefore, this article designs multiple MEMS inertial sensors to form a human body lower limb capture device, and its core components are composed of accelerometer, gyroscope, and magnetometer. In order to make the obtained acceleration value, angular velocity value, and magnetometer value accurately reflect the movement state of the lower limb structure, different data fusion algorithms and magnetometer ellipsoid fitting calibration algorithms are studied to realize the calculation of the posture angle of each joint point and obtain martial arts posture big data. In addition, through big data analysis, this article designs a martial arts training performance and injury risk prediction model, which can provide guidance and suggestions for martial arts teaching tasks.
COVID-19 Complicated by Concomitant Renal, Splenic, and Myocardial Infarction: Double Whammy
Authors: Ghaderian Jahromi Mehdi , Sheibani Abdolusefi Marzieh , Neshati Pir Borj Mohsen
Published: May 2021

A 76-year-old man presented with shortness of breath, fever, and fatigue with confirmed COVID-19 by positive RT-PCR test for the SARS-COV-2. Abdominal and pelvis computed tomography with intravenous contrast was performed several days later given the patient’s severe abdominal pain which showed both renal and splenic infarcts despite the use of a proper thromboprophylaxis with subcutaneous heparin, and therefore, therapeutic anticoagulation was initiated. In the course of hospitalization, he developed acute kidney injury, uremic syndrome, and myocardial infarction as well. The patient was treated with fibrinolytic therapy and was eventually discharged on a direct oral anticoagulant.
Access to Artificial Intelligence for Persons with Disabilities: Legal and Ethical Questions Concerning the Application of Trustworthy AI
Authors:   Tallinn University of Technology, Joamets Kristi , Chochia Archil ,   Tallinn University of Technology
Published: May 2021

Digitalisation and emerging technologies affect our lives and are increasingly present in a growing number of fields. Ethical implications of the digitalisation process have therefore long been discussed by the scholars. The rapid development of artificial intelligence (AI) has taken the legal and ethical discussion to another level. There is no doubt that AI can have a positive impact on the society. The focus here, however, is on its more negative impact. This article will specifically consider how the law and ethics in their interaction can be applied in a situation where a disabled person needs some kind of assistive technology to participate in the society as an equal member. This article intends to investigate whether the EU Guidelines for Trustworthy AI, as a milestone of ethics concerning technology, has the power to change the current practice of how social and economic rights are applied. The main focus of the article is the ethical requirements ‘Human agency and oversight’ and, more specifically, fundamental rights.
Diagnóstico das ciências humanas, sociais aplicadas, linguística, letras e artes (CHSSALLA) no Brasil
Authors: Pinto Weiny César Freitas , Batista Rafael Lopes , Batista José Renato
Published: May 2021

Resenha de Diagnóstico das ciências humanas, sociais aplicadas, linguística, letras e artes (CHSSALLA) no Brasil. Brasília, Centro de Gestão e Estudos Estratégicos, 2020.
The Duties of Criminalization under International Law in the Practice of Italian Judges: An Overview
Authors: Amoroso Daniele
Published: May 2021

A distinctive feature of the judicial application of international norms on criminalization in Italy is the underlying tension between openness to international law and safeguarding the principle of legality in criminal matters. The present contribution, therefore, aims to provide an overview of the ways this tension concretely unfolds in the practice of Italian courts. It will analyze, notably, the cases where (i) international norms on criminalization are resorted to for the purposes of consistent interpretation; (ii) Italian judges are asked to implement international norms envisaging duties of criminalization in the absence of national legislation to this effect; and (iii) international norms on duties of criminalization are applied in civil proceedings.
Mechanization and the Irreducibility of the Biotic Aspect: A Dooyeweerdian View of Bioengineering
Authors: Santos Fernando Pasquini
Published: May 2021

The nonreductionistic theory of the multiple aspects of reality offered by the Dutch philosopher Herman Dooyeweerd is employed to illuminate the status of bodies and biological entities in relation to attached and incorporated technological devices. I first present a review of the interpretations of the mechanization of biology and then argue from a Dooyeweerdian viewpoint that this mechanization also amounts to a reduction of the biotic aspect to previous aspects, such as the physical and the regulatory or cybernetic aspect. Next, the irreducible meaning of the biotic aspect is defined as the vital life cycle and generational continuity that delineate the form of a species. Finally, I show how this definition helps us identify a normativity and a respect for living things, and I discuss its implications for bioengineering practices.
Discovering and documenting Acari: the first twenty years in Zootaxa
Authors: ZHANG ZHI-QIANG , SCHATZ HEINRICH , PFINGSTL TOBIAS , GOLDSCHMIDT TOM , MARTIN PETER , PEŠIĆ VLADIMIR , RAMÍREZ MARCIA , SCHMIDT KARL-HEINZ , FAN QING-HAI , MIRONOV SERGEY , SEEMAN OWEN , HALLIDAY BRUCE
Published: May 2021

Acari represent the most diverse group within the arachnids with some 60,000 described species. It is generally believed that most species of mites are waiting to be discovered and described. Zootaxa was the most important journal for mite taxonomy during the last twenty years (2001 to 2020). It published 1305 papers by 1057 authors during these two decades, with descriptions of 3271 new taxa/names, which account for 24.4% of the total indexed in Zoological Record.  The numbers of new synonyms of Acari in Zootaxa (334) also accounted for nearly a quarter (24.9%) of the total published during this period. These data indicate that Zootaxa has been an important and leading journal for acarologists to document the diversity of mites and ticks in the world.
Phylum Bryozoa Ehrenberg, 1831 in the first twenty years of Zootaxa
Authors: GORDON DENNIS P. , BOCK PHILIP E.
Published: May 2021

This short account is an invited contribution to the Zootaxa special volume ‘Twenty years of Zootaxa.’ Zootaxa was first published on 28 May 2001. Between this date and December 2020, 116 papers were published in Zootaxa that mention Bryozoa, comprising mostly descriptions of new species and higher taxa, but also including molecular sequencing (e.g. Fehlauer-Ale et al. 2011; Taylor et al. 2011; Franjevic et al. 2015), invasive-species research (e.g. Ryland et al. 2014; Vieira et al. 2014), checklists (e.g. Vieira et al. 2008), classification (e.g. Bock & Gordon 2013), bryozoans as associates of other organisms (e.g. Rudman 2007; Chatterjee & Dovgal 2020; Chatterjee et al. 2020), metazoan phylogeny (e.g. Giribet et al. 2013), biographies of historical figures who worked on bryozoans (e.g. Calder & Brinkmann-Voss 2011; Calder 2015) and a catalogue of the fossil invertebrate taxa described by William Gabb (including 67 bryozoan species) (Groves & Squires 2018). Of the 116 papers, 15 (13%) were open-access.
Mayfly taxonomy (Arthropoda: Hexapoda: Ephemeroptera) during the first two decades of the twenty-first century and the concentration of taxonomic publishing
Authors: JACOBUS LUKE M. , SALLES FREDERICO F. , PRICE BEN , PEREIRA-DA-CONCEICOA LYNDALL , DOMINGUEZ EDUARDO , SUTER P.J. , MOLINERI CARLOS , TIUNOVA TATYANA M. , SARTORI M.
Published: May 2021

The twentieth anniversary of the first issue of Zootaxa (De Moraes & Freire, 2001) provides an appropriate opportunity to reflect on some trends in global Ephemeroptera taxonomy publishing over the last two decades, with a focus on the description of new species and the outsized role of the journals Zootaxa and ZooKeys, in particular. Detailed reviews of world Ephemeroptera knowledge up to about 2000 were collected in a series of nine papers from a symposium on the subject, published together in the proceedings of the ninth International Conference on Ephemeroptera (Domínguez 2001). Domínguez & Dos Santos (2014) provided updates and analysis for South America up to the year 2012. More recent detailed accounts of regional and taxonomic diversity, and other aspects of mayfly biology and ecology, were reviewed by Jacobus et al. (2019), while Ogden et al. (2019) discussed current issues involving higher classification.
Zootaxa 20th Anniversary Celebration: section Acanthocephala
Authors: MONKS SCOTT
Published: May 2021

Of 32 papers including Acanthocephala that were published in Zootaxa from 2001 to 2020, 5, by 11 authors from 5 countries, described 5 new species and redescribed 1 known species and 27 checklists from 11 countries and/geographical regions by 72 authors.  A bibliographic analysis of these papers, the number of species reported in the checklists, and a list of new species are presented in this paper.
Interdecadal Strengthening in the Independent Relationship Between the East Asian Summer Monsoon and the Indian Ocean Basin Mode around the Early 1990s
Authors: LIU KUI , ZHOU LIAN-TONG , WANG ZHIBIAO , LIU YONG , YIN XIAOXUE
Published: May 2021

This study conducts correlation and regression analyses of the JRA-55 reanalysis data and observational rainfall datasets from China’s National Climate Center. The analyses reveal that interdecadal enhancement in the relationship between the East Asian summer monsoon (EASM) and the Indian Ocean Basin mode (IOBM) after the early 1990s, and the diminished correlation between the EASM and the Niño-3 index. The analyses also reveal that the relationship between EASM-related rainfall/circulation with IOBM also experienced an interdecadal shift at the same time. During the first epoch (1977–1989), EASM-related rainfall was correlated significantly with the Niño-3 index, and accompanied by a Pacific–Japan-like anomaly pattern of horizontal winds. In a subsequent epoch (1994–2014), EASM-related rainfall was correlated significantly with IOBM, and accompanied by a meridional dipole pattern in the horizontal winds. After the 1990s, IOBM exerted influence on EASM through land–sea thermal contrast, and the critical land area was the region 33°–47°N, 110°–140°E. The interdecadal strengthening in the EASM–IOBM linkage around the early 1990s may be attributable to a faster rate of decay of El Niño after the 1990s.
In Praise of Involvement
Authors: Spence Laura J. , du Gay Paul
Published: May 2021

Involvement is an important element of good research and a route to impact. In line with early organizational analysis, we advocate involvement with research stakeholders and investing in the necessary communication and rhetorical skills.
Alternative media framing of COVID-19 risks
Authors: Rooke Martin
Published: May 2021

Early media coverage of COVID-19, between 1 January and 31 March 2020, provided Alternative Media Personalities (AMPs) an opportunity to provide conspiratorial misinformation to their online audiences. Far-right AMPs may reframe sociopolitical aspects of risk to produce ‘fake-news’, amplifying future risks arising from the COVID-19 pandemic. Using the Social Amplification of Risk Framework (SARF) to define factors of risk amplification, this study conducted a framing analysis upon 1,895 minutes of streamed video content from a popular, far-right, AMP regarding COVID-19. Significant differences in frame expression suggested that AMPs hold greater value in specific frames when providing infotainment based upon authentic interpretations of risk. A lack of significant change in frame expression over time suggests that AMPs may rely upon media templates when communicating risk to their audience. Qualitative data suggest that different aspects of risk amplification work in concert to provide discursive contexts for far-right AMPs to define risks from their ideological standpoint. The data provided by this study better outline some of the complexities facing scientific communications strategies which seek to directly address misinformation online.
Attitude of the employer in Lebanon toward candidates and employees with a stable chronic mental illness
Authors: Khairallah Christelle , Kassab Anthony , Damien Amal , Richa Sami
Published: May 2021

Objective:

Research and study the Lebanese employers’ attitudes, toward recruiting candidates with a mental illness and toward their employees who suffer chronic mental illnesses (A CMI) and the factors that may play a role in affecting it.

Methods:

A combined cross sectional and retrospective study. Interviews conducted with a mix of 63 human resource managers and high executive employees to assess the integration of people with A CMI at the workplace, and the attitudes toward them.

Results:

Primarily, the engagement of an occupational physician or a social worker in the process, was associated with a reduction in stigma surrounding the subject matter. Moreover, hiring a candidate with A CMI was perceived as a social image improvement of the hiring company. However, A CMI employees were perceived as having lower efficiency and self-esteem, as well as a greater vulnerability to dismissal.

Conclusion:

The presence and engagement of an occupational physician, and/or a social worker, has been found to be the main positive stigma modulator against mental illness, in a corporate setting.
Phonological Preparation in Korean: Phoneme, or Syllable or Another Unit?
Authors: Li Chuchu , Wang Min , Kim Say Young , Bolger Donald J. , Wright Kelly
Published: May 2021

With three experiments, the present study investigated the primary phonological preparation (PP) unit in spoken word production in Korean. Adopting the form preparation paradigm, 23 native Korean speakers named pictures in homogenous or heterogenous lists. In homogenous lists, the names of the pictures shared the same initial phoneme (Experiment 1), initial consonant + vowel (i.e., CV) body (Experiment 2), or initial consonant + vowel + consonant (CVC) syllable (Experiment 3); and in heterogenous lists, the names did not share any phonological components systematically. Compared to naming pictures in heterogenous lists, participants’ naming speed was significantly faster when the initial body or the initial syllable of target names was shared. However, this form preparation effect was not shown in Experiment 1, when only the initial phoneme was shared. These results suggested that the body serves as the primary PP unit in Korean, that is, native Korean speakers tend to plan spoken words in a body–coda fashion, probably due to a joint contribution from the strong prevalence of the CV structure and early literacy instructional approach.
Giant Parathyroid Adenoma Associated With Aberrant Subclavian Artery and Nonrecurrent Laryngeal Nerve
Authors: Caceres Christian , Parham Kourosh
Published: May 2021

Parathyroid adenomas are responsible for 80% to 85% of cases of primary hyperparathyroidism. Giant parathyroid adenomas are a rare type of parathyroid adenoma defined as weighing >3.5 grams. Although giant parathyroid adenomas are rare entities whose clinical presentation may not be atypical, their surgical management can be challenging, especially in the setting of anatomical variants. We present here a case of a 29-year-old female with a 37-gram giant adenoma which was diagnosed after presentation with recurrent severe headaches. The presentation was also unique in that it was associated with a right aberrant subclavian artery and nonrecurrent laryngeal nerve.
Unilateral Choanal Atresia Presenting With Congenital Respiratory Distress and Recurrent Cyanotic Episodes
Authors: Gilony Dror , Scheuerman Oded , Kornreich Liora , Hod Roy , Raveh Eyal
Published: May 2021

Congenital unilateral choanal atresia (CA) is not considered an emergent condition and should not cause respiratory distress in the newborn. Therefore, surgical repair of unilateral CA is usually delayed. This description of a newborn with congenital unilateral CA that caused significant respiratory distress, recurrent cyanotic episodes, and severe feeding difficulties highlights an exception to that rule.
When Men Who Dislike Feminists Feel Proud: Can Self-Affirmation and Perspective-Taking Increase Men’s Empathy Toward Feminists?
Authors: Persson Sofia , Hostler Thomas J.
Published: May 2021

Abuse against women’s rights activists is a serious concern, but there is a lack of research into strategies on how to reduce this. Past research has identified self-affirmation (i.e., thinking about one’s valued traits) and perspective-taking as promising strategies to reduce minority target backlash. Through one pilot study ( n = 98), and one two-part experimental study ( n = 202), we tested the effect of perspective-taking and self-affirmation on empathy toward feminism among men. Fictional Facebook profiles were manipulated to encourage perspective-taking, perspective-taking with self-affirmation, or were neutral in content. Participants then rated feelings toward individual feminists as well as feelings (in the context of perspective-taking emotions) toward abuse faced by feminists more generally. Results indicated that perspective-taking combined with self-affirmation promoted empathetic feelings (as represented by perspective-taking emotions) toward feminists experiencing abuse. The impact on empathy was particularly strong among men with high initial prejudice toward feminists. These results suggest that self-affirmation could potentially reduce online abuse of feminists through an increase in empathetic feelings. This research has broader implications for male engagement within feminism, and we recommend that educators and male allies of feminism promote positive, affirming roles for men (e.g., as fathers), as this may encourage empathy toward feminist issues. Policy makers could consider this strategy in the context of promoting policies such as shared parental leave. Online slides for instructors who want to use this article for teaching are available on PWQ's website at http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/suppl/10.1177/03616843211017472
Participatory Feeling: Re-Visioning Transformative Learning Theory Through Heron’s Whole Person Perspective
Authors: Perry Shannon A. B.
Published: May 2021

John Heron’s whole person theory can expand transformative learning theory by elaborating a more nuanced understanding of affect. In contrast to the vague conceptualization of affect’s role and the interchangeable treatment of emotion and feeling in most adult learning scholarship, Heron’s holistic theory grounds all experience in affective knowing and asserts significant differences between feeling and emotion. These distinctions challenge transformative learning theory by revealing critical subjectivity, emerging from affective, embodied experience, as prerequisite to critical reflection and presenting unitive discourse, over rational discourse, as a more viable, generative path to transformations of being. Throughout, I consider how the urgent need to develop deeper understanding around participatory feeling, in particular, relates to complex global issues like the ongoing struggle against racism and for environmental and human rights.
New Daily Persistent Headache in a Pediatric Population
Authors: Strong Eric , Pierce Emily Linda , Langdon Raquel , Strelzik Jeffery , McClintock William , Cameron Mark , Furda Mary , DiSabella Marc
Published: May 2021

Introduction:

New daily persistent headache (NDPH) is a primary headache disorder characterized by an intractable, daily, and unremitting headache lasting for at least 3 months. Currently, there are limited studies in the pediatric population describing the characteristics of NDPH.

Objective:

The objective of the current study is to describe the characteristics of NDPH in pediatric patients presenting to a headache program at a tertiary referral center.

Methods:

The participants in the current study were pediatric patients who attended the Headache Clinic at Children’s National Hospital between 2016 and 2018. All patients seen in the Headache Clinic were enrolled in an institutional review board–approved patient registry.

Results:

Between 2016 and 2018, NDPH was diagnosed in 245 patients, representing 14% of the total headache population. NDPH patients were predominantly female (78%) and white (72%). The median age was 14.8 years. The median pain intensity was 6 of 10 (standard deviation = 1.52). Most patients reported experiencing migrainous features, namely, photophobia (85%), phonophobia (85%), and a reduced activity level (88%). Overall, 33% of patients had failed at least 1 preventive medication, and 56% had failed at least 1 abortive medication. Furthermore, 36% of patients were additionally diagnosed with medication overuse headache.

Conclusion:

NDPH is a relatively frequent disorder among pediatric chronic headache patients. The vast majority of these patients experience migrainous headache characteristics and associated symptoms and are highly refractory to treatment—as evidenced by a strong predisposition to medication overuse headache and high rates of failed preventive management.
Associations of Vasopressor Requirements With Echocardiographic Parameters After Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest
Authors: Tabi Meir , Burstein Barry J. , Anavekar Nandan S. , Kashani Kianoush B. , Jentzer Jacob C.
Published: May 2021

Background:

Post-arrest hypotension is common after out of hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) and many patients resuscitated after OHCA will require vasopressors. We sought to determine the associations between echocardiographic parameters and vasopressor requirements in OHCA patients.

Methods:

We retrospectively analyzed adult patients with OHCA treated with targeted temperature management between December 2005 and September 2016 who underwent a transthoracic echocardiogram (TTE). Categorical variables were compared using 2-tailed Fisher’s exact and Pearson’s correlation coefficients and variance (r2) values were used to assess relationships between continuous variables.

Results:

Among 217 included patients, the mean age was 62 ± 12 years, including 74% males. The arrest was witnessed in 90%, the initial rhythm was shockable in 88%, and 58% received bystander CPR. At the time of TTE, 41% of patients were receiving vasopressors; this group of patients was older, had greater severity of illness, higher inpatient mortality and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) was modestly lower (36.8 ± 17.1% vs. 41.4 ± 16.4%, P = 0.04). Stroke volume, cardiac power output and left ventricular stroke work index correlated with number of vasopressors (Pearson r −0.24 to −0.34, all P < 0.002), but the correlation with LVEF was weak (Pearson r −0.13, P = 0.06).

Conclusions:

In patients after OHCA, left ventricular systolic dysfunction was associated with the need for vasopressors, and Doppler TTE hemodynamic parameters had higher correlation coefficients compared with vasopressor requirements than LVEF. This emphasizes the complex nature of shock after OHCA, including pathophysiologic processes not captured by TTE assessment alone.
Am I Gonna Get a Job? Graduating Students’ Psychological Capital, Coping Styles, and Employment Anxiety
Authors: Belle Michelle A. , Antwi Collins O. , Ntim Seth Y. , Affum-Osei Emmanuel , Ren Jun
Published: May 2021

Thoughts about life after school can be frightening for college students. The uncertainty about employment expectancies can engender crippling anxiety, especially in a time of a major pandemic—COVID-19, and urgent attention is needed. This study, drawing on the self-determination theory, demonstrates preliminary protective effect of positive psychological capital (PsyCap) on employment anxiety among a relatively understudied group—graduating college students (Chinese sample = 546). It further illustrates the mediating mechanism of coping styles in this relation. Thus, the motivational impetus of PsyCap facilitates positive coping style (PCS) while diminishing negative coping style (NCS) which, in turn, hinders students’ employment anxiety. Furthermore, the results revealed that students’ internship experience strengthens the influence of graduating students’ PsyCap on their PCS, but that with NCS and anxiety was nonsignificant. This research proffers valuable insights on college students’ from-school-to-work transition for higher education institutions and career counselors, particularly in this turbulent labor market.
“They Stay With You”: Nursing Home Staff's Emotional Experiences of Being in a Close Relationship With a Resident in Long-Term Care who Died
Authors: Ådland Anne Kristine , Gripsrud Birgitta H. , Lavik Marta H. , Ramvi Ellen
Published: May 2021

Aim: To explore and develop understanding of nursing home staff's emotional experiences of being in a close relationship with a resident in long-term care who later died. Design: Ethnographic fieldwork. Methods: As part of fieldwork, narrative interviews were conducted with nursing home staff ( n = 6) in two nursing homes in Norway and analyzed using interpretative phenomenological analysis. Findings: Through data analysis, we identified three superordinate themes: (1) wanting to be something good for the resident and their families, (2) striving to make sense of the resident's death, and (3) struggling to balance being personal and professional. Implications for holistic nursing and conclusion: Nursing home staff experience tensions between ideals of distanced professionalism and the emotional experience of proximity, evidenced by personal commitment and mutual recognition in relationships with “special residents” in long-term care. To support holistic practice, awareness is needed of the emotional impact of relationships on health professionals. Suppressing feelings puts staff at risk of moral distress, compassion fatigue, and burnout, as well as higher turnover and absenteeism. Managers should facilitate discussions on professionals’ ideals of relationship-based practice, including processing of, and reflection on, emotional experiences in long-term care. Rituals to mark a resident's death can provide further emotional containment.
Toward inverting environmental injustice in Delhi
Authors: Azad Rohit , Chakraborty Shouvik
Published: May 2021

We propose a carbon tax policy for Delhi—the most polluted capital globally—which will fundamentally change the energy mix of Delhi’s economy toward clean, green energy and guarantee universal access to electricity, transport, and food, up to a certain amount. Any carbon mitigation strategy needs to alter our dependence on fossil fuels, requiring a systemic overhaul of its energy mix. Implementing a carbon tax will mitigate emissions and mobilise revenue for our proposed redistributive program: Right to Food, Energy, and Travel (RFET). The policy is designed to advocate for the ‘poor over the rich’ to compensate for the ‘rich hiding behind’ the poor by emitting the majority of carbon and pollutants. Using input–output analysis, we estimate the class-wise distribution of carbon emissions in Delhi. We find that the necessary tax would be US$112.5 per metric ton of carbon dioxide in order for this program to work. The free entitlement of fuel and electricity per household comes out to be 2040 kWh per annum, and there is an annual universal travel pass of US$75 per person for use in public transport and an annual per capita availability of food of US$205.

JEL Codes: Q43, Q48, Q52, Q58
Creating Visually Appropriate Classroom Environments for Students With Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Martin Rebekah , Wilkins Julia
Published: May 2021

The likelihood of teaching a student with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has steadily increased over the past two decades. However, the practical information about working with students with ASD has not increased at a similar rate. Teachers may therefore be unaware of simple modifications they can make to their classrooms to meet the needs of students with ASD. This article is based on a review of empirical studies about environmental factors that influence the way individuals with ASD attend to and process information. Findings from these studies indicate that individuals with ASD rely on vision to gather information more than any other sense. Based on these findings, the authors outline simple physical adjustments teachers can make to the visual displays, physical layout, and lighting in the classroom.