bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CYP2C19*2 genetic polymorphism and incidence of in-stent restenosis in patients on clopidogrel: a matched case-control study
Authors: Osama Sara , Wirth Francesca , Zahra Graziella , Barbara Christopher , Xuereb Robert G. , Camilleri Liberato , Azzopardi Lilian M.
Published: December 2021

Objectives

The cytochrome P450 2C19*2 (CYP2C19*2) genetic polymorphism is associated with reduced clopidogrel bioactivation, increasing the risk of atherothrombotic complications after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). In-stent restenosis (ISR) is a complication that limits the long-term prognosis of PCI. The aim was to investigate the association between presence of the CYP2C19*2 allele and ISR within one-year after PCI in patients prescribed dual antiplatelet therapy with aspirin and clopidogrel.

Methods

Sixty patients with angiographically-confirmed drug eluting stent (DES)-ISR within 12 months post-PCI when on DAPT with aspirin and clopidogrel were retrospectively identified (Cases). Another 60 patients with no documented ISR post-PCI in the study period (Controls) were case-matched for age, gender, ethnicity, diabetes mellitus and estimated glomerular filtration rate value, and were invited for CYP2C19*2 genotyping. The association between presence of the CYP2C19*2 allele and ISR was analysed using the Fisher’s exact test and binary logistic regression.

Results

Twenty-six (43.3%) cases and 5 (8.3%) controls were carriers of one or two CYP2C19*2 alleles. As to non-carrier status of the CYP2C19*2 allele, 34 (56.7%) cases and 55 (91.7%) controls were identified. The association between CYP2C19*2 carrier status and DES-ISR within one-year post-PCI was statistically significant (p<0.001) in both the univariate and multivariate analysis.

Conclusions

The proportion of patients who were carriers of one or two CYP2C19*2 alleles who presented with DES-ISR within one-year post-PCI while on clopidogrel was significantly higher compared to patients with no documented ISR.
Hyper-crosslinked polymers with controlled multiscale porosity for effective removal of benzene from cigarette smoke
Authors: Xia Xiaochen , Sun Peijian , Sun Xuehui , Wang Yipeng , Yang Song , Jia Yunzhen , Peng Bin , Nie Cong
Published: December 2021

A series of hyper-crosslinked polymers (HCPs) with connected hierarchical porous structures were synthesized from phenyl-based precursors of benzene (BEN), benzyl alcohol, aniline, biphenyl, and 1,3,5-triphenylbenzene (TPB) via the knitting method. The porous structures of the HCPs were greatly influenced by substituent groups and BEN ring number in the precursors. HCPs prepared from TPB had the largest surface area and pore volume with multiscale porosity. The porous structure of the HCPs could also be adjusted by the crosslinker amount. Insufficient crosslinking led to incomplete pore architecture, while excessive crosslinking resulted in a considerable decrease in the pore volume. With these HCPs as adsorbents, the BEN yield in the cigarette smoke could be largely reduced due to the connected multiscale porosity and π–π aromatic stacking interaction that facilitated the smoke aerosol passing and the small aromatic molecules absorbing, showing great potential of these HCPs as adsorbents for effective removal of BEN from cigarette smoke.
Struggling with historical significance: Reasoning, reading, and writing processes
Authors: van Driel Johan , van Drie Jannet , van Boxtel Carla
Published: December 2021

The concept of historical significance is seen as a key concept of historical reasoning. Assigning significance is based on criteria and related to the identity of who assigns significance. However, little is known about reasoning-, reading-, and writing processes when students attribute significance. The aim of this study is to investigate how students and experienced history teachers with a master’s degree reason, read, and write about historical significance while thinking aloud. We analyzed the think-aloud protocols of twelve 10th-grade students and four history teachers on reasoning, reading, and writing processes. While thinking aloud, participants read two contrasting accounts after which they wrote an argumentative text about the historical significance of Christopher Columbus. Analysis of participants’ think-aloud protocols and their written texts showed that students did not recognize historical accounts as perspectives—influenced by the historical context. In contrast, teachers looked for the authors’ judgement, evidence, and context. In addition, students’ limited use of metaknowledge regarding texts and the concept of historical significance hampered them. These out-comes provide direction for teaching reasoning, reading, and writing with respect to historical significance.
A Contested Civic Space
Authors: Graf Strachwitz Rupert
Published: December 2021

Der bürgerschaftliche Raum ist in der politischen Wissenschaft zwar keine Neuentdeckung, aber hat in den letzten Jahrzehnten besonders in Deutschland nicht die Aufmerksamkeit erfahren, die er verdient hätte. Er droht, heute einerseits von Kräften gekapert zu werden, die ihn für undemokratische Ziele instrumentalisieren wollen, während andererseits verkannt oder sogar abgestritten wird, dass seine Stärke die Voraussetzung für die Entwicklung der Demokratie bildet. Zugleich steht er insbesondere, aber keineswegs nur in autoritär regierten Systemen unter erheblichem Druck. Es erscheint daher notwendig, theoretische, auch normative Fragestellungen zu diesem Raum aufzugreifen und in die Debatte einzuführen.
Die Modern Monetary Theory
Authors: Dimke Marcel , Höfgen Maurice
Published: December 2021

Das vorliegende Kapitel diskutiert die Modern Monetary Theory (MMT) und den Beitrag, den sie zu einer aufgeklärten Debatte über fortschrittsorientierte Finanzpolitik leisten kann. Im ersten Abschnitt dieses Kapitels legen wir drei zentrale theoretische Fundamente der MMT dar: Geld als soziale Rechnungseinheit, Währungssouveränität und effektive Nachfrage. Im zweiten Abschnitt erläutern wir, wie der deutsche Staat alltäglich seine Finanzpolitik ausführt. Hier wird deutlich, dass der Staat weder Ersparnisse der Haushalte noch Kredite des privaten Bankensektors benötigt, um seine Ausgaben tätigen zu können. Wir folgern im Hinblick auf einen Green New Deal aus MMT-Perspektive, dass politische Debatten über die Verfügbarkeit und Planung von Ressourcen geführt werden müssen, wenn wir die Produktion in unserer demokratischen Gesellschaft erfolgreich transformieren wollen.
Strategien für einen Wandel der ökonomischen Lehre und warum es diesen benötigt
Authors: Porak Laura , Schröter Gerrit
Published: December 2021

Die ökonomische Lehre ist in einem misslichen Zustand: Eine sowohl theoretisch als auch methodisch sehr einseitig ausgerichtete Lehrbuchwissenschaft dominiert global die Ausbildung junger Ökonom*innen. Die Kernelemente dieser Lehrbücher wurden seit den 1950er Jahren kaum verändert. Noch immer wird Denken in veralteten Modellen gelehrt, während realweltliche Probleme und gegenwärtige ökonomische Herausforderungen ausgeklammert werden. Diese inhaltliche Ausrichtung wird durch die Gestaltung der wissenschaftlichen Institutionen und insbesondere durch den sogenannten „Reproduktionskreislauf” verfestigt. Der studentische Verein „Netzwerk Plurale Ökonomik” hat sich 2012 – unter anderen in Reaktion auf die Wirtschafts- und Finanzkrise (2008) – gegründet, um einen Wandel der ökonomischen Lehre zu erwirken. Seither ist sowohl die Anzahl der assoziierten Lokalgruppen als auch der Mitglieder um ein Vielfaches gewachsen. Zudem haben wir in den vergangenen Jahren zahlreiche Strategien entwickelt, um unsere Ziele zu erreichen. Dazu gehören die Selbst(weiter)bildung; der Versuch, alternative Bildungsangebote schaffen; Exploring Economics (eine eigene online Lernplattform); der Aufbau eines pluralen Curriculum in Form des Zertifikatsprojekts; die Bestrebung, in der Öffentlichkeit ein Bewusstsein für die Problematiken schaffen und der Diskus mit gesellschaftlichen und politischen Entscheidungsträger*innen.
Finanzsystem und Klimawende
Authors: Peukert Helge
Published: December 2021

Angesichts des fast erschöpften weltweiten Restbudgets an Treibhausgasemissionen wird das strukturell einer Wachstumsspirale folgende Finanzsystem u. a. hinsichtlich des Geldschöpfungsprivilegs der Banken problematisiert. Nach Reformvorschlägen (Positive Money, Entflechtung der Megabanken usw.) wird für die schnelle Durchsetzung einer Postwachstumsökonomie insbesondere ein durch Notenbanken ohne Zins- und Tilgungspflicht auszugebendes „Schenkgeld“ gefordert, um durch einen öffentlichen Sektor die zu erwartenden Arbeitslosen angesichts der notwendigen Schrumpfungen in sozialen und ökologischen Tätigkeiten beschäftigen zu können.
Research on high-temperature oxidation resistance, hot forming ability, and microstructure of Al–Si–Cu coating for 22MnB5 steel
Authors: Xiong Ziliu , Lin Zhangguo , Qi Jianjun , Sun Li , Wu Guangxin , Kuang Shuang , Zhou Guoping
Published: December 2021

High-temperature oxidation resistance, hot formability, element distribution, and microstructure of Al-10% Si-(0.5–3.0%)Cu coating were investigated by means of glow discharge spectroscopy, optical microscope, scanning electron microscope, and energy-dispersive spectroscopy. Results show that the addition of Cu can increase high-temperature oxidation resistance above 950°C and improve hot formability so that no crack spreads into substrate steel as hot forming at 33.3% strain. Oxidation film structure is continual and compacting, and Si highly concentrates in the surface layer. The distribution of Cu has skin effect with peaking content 8.2% in the surface layer. After hot stamping, Al and Si diffuse into substrate steel, and Cu diffuses from inner to outer coating. Al–Si–Cu coating has smoother surface, straighter diffusion layer, and finer metal compound than Al–Si coating. Surface and diffusion layers are identified as aluminum oxide, Si-rich, and Cu phase and Al7SiFe2, Al3Fe, and CuAl3, respectively. Al-rich phase and the metal compound are composed of α-Al dissolving Fe, Si, and Cu and Al–Si matrix, Cu3Al, respectively.
Did the 2018 Farm Bill’s Hemp Provisions Decriminalize Marijuana?
Authors: Coleman John J.
Published: December 2021

In 2014, Congress removed industrial hemp with a concentration of ≥0.3% tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) dry weight from the definition of marijuana in the federal Controlled Substances Act (CSA). Hemp production was authorized in a limited pilot program until 2018, when Congress passed the Agricultural Improvement Act (Farm Bill) that expanded the program to anyone licensed to produce hemp by the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) or by a USDA-approved State or Indian tribe. Hemp’s greatest value is in two of its 80-plus molecules: cannabidiol (CBD) and THC. These molecules, present in all forms of Cannabis sativa L. (cannabis), including hemp, have medicinal and recreational uses. By removing hemp from the CSA, the Farm Bill altered the legal status of hemp’s extracts, including CBD and THC. In 2018, Epidiolex®, the world’s first and only CBD-based medicine, was approved in the U.S. The drug was placed in Schedule V of the CSA to comply with an international drug treaty requiring control of cannabis and all its extracts. In April 2020, Epidiolex was removed from the CSA schedules. This occurred, according to the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA), because with a THC content below 0.3%, Epidiolex no longer met the Farm Bill’s criteria as a controlled substance. This review discusses the Farm Bill’s hemp provisions and how they have affected the legal status of hemp derivatives CBD and THC. The review also discusses a loophole in the Farm Bill that decriminalizes the production of marijuana by negligent hemp farmers. In passing, we discuss how lobbying by the hemp/CBD industry influenced passage of the Farm Bill.
Hemmnisse der digitalen Transformation bei KMU
Authors: Dewenter Ralf , Kuchinke Björn A.
Published: December 2021

Digitization is probably one of the greatest opportunities in recent years and, at the same time, one of the greatest challenges of our time. The aim of this article is to find possible answers to the question of which factors are considered as barriers to innovation for SMEs and which are suitable for promoting innovations in the field of digitization. For this purpose, a survey conducted by the IHK Region Stuttgart among its member companies in 2018 is evaluated. The barriers identified can be divided into four categories: 1. Innovation management in the company/lack of knowledge of the market, 2. Funding bottlenecks beyond research and development (R&D), 3. Labor market restrictions (education/training of skilled workers) and 4. Bureaucracy and legal regulations/regulation. Overall, as the analysis shows, there are both internal and external barriers to innovation. The companies cite regulatory and bureaucratic barriers as the most important obstacles to innovation. The regression analysis shows, among other things, that companies that state the regulatory framework as problematic have a greater likelihood of developing a strategy than others as well as employing a digitization officer.
New excavations at Tel Erani: the Early Bronze Age I fortification walls and early urbanisation in the Southern Levant
Authors: Milevski Ianir , Czarnowicz Marcin , Yegorov Dmitry , Karmowski Jacek , Gamrat Marcin , Cohen-Sasson Eli , Yekutieli Yuval
Published: December 2021

Fortification walls and other buildings discovered during renewed excavations at Tel Erani (Tell esh-Sheikh el-Areyni) shed new light on the beginnings of urbanisation in the Southern Levant during the second half of the fourth millennium BC.
Conducting Language Production Research Online: A Web-based Study of Semantic Context and Name Agreement Effects in Multi-Word Production
Authors: He Jieying , Meyer Antje S. , Creemers Ava , Brehm Laurel
Published: December 2021

Few web-based experiments have explored spoken language production, perhaps due to concerns of data quality, especially for measuring onset latencies. The present study highlights how speech production research can be done outside of the laboratory by measuring utterance durations and speech fluency in a multiple-object naming task when examining two effects related to lexical selection: semantic context and name agreement. A web-based modified blocked-cyclic naming paradigm was created, in which participants named a total of sixteen simultaneously presented pictures on each trial. The pictures were either four tokens from the same semantic category (homogeneous context), or four tokens from different semantic categories (heterogeneous context). Name agreement of the pictures was varied orthogonally (high, low). In addition to onset latency, five dependent variables were measured to index naming performance: accuracy, utterance duration, total pause time, the number of chunks (word groups pronounced without intervening pauses), and first chunk length. Bayesian analyses showed effects of semantic context and name agreement for some of the dependent measures, but no interaction. We discuss the methodological implications of the current study and make best practice recommendations for spoken language production research in an online environment.
Unregistered Marriage and the Legal Impact, A Book Review “Kepastian Hukum Perkawinan Siri dan Permasalahannya” Zainuddin SH MH & Afwan Zanuddin SH MH, Deepublish Yogyajarta, 95 Pages, ISBN: 978-602-435-120-1
Authors: Gufron Dede Muhammad
Published: December 2021

This book explains the legal certainty aspects of unregistered marriages in Indonesia. Unregistered marriages have many implications, especially with regard to law, child status, and inheritance. The book "Kepastian HukumPerkawinan Siri & Permasalahannya", explaina how is the connection between the Islamic law and the State law in marriage cases and how unregistered marriage is most certainly a bad thing. The book also explains what effects and consequences that caused by the unregistered marriage according to law.
Law and Leadership Style: How Could the Leader Promote the Effective Law Enforcement? (Case of Correctional Institution Class IIA Pekalongan)
Authors: Firdausyah Egitya , Ashraff Muh
Published: December 2021

According to PP Number 27 of 1983, State Detention Centers, hereinafter referred to as detention centers, are places for suspects and defendants to be detained during the process of investigation, prosecution and examination at court proceedings. In carrying out the duties and authority of the detention center, it is certainly controlled by a leader. In this case the leader in question is the head of the detention center. The head of the detention center in running the leadership wheel must have the skills to lead subordinates. There are several styles or models of leadership, one of which is the situational leadership style, where the leader is more concerned with the situation, when to be pushy and when to moderate. Leadership is certainly associated with performance. Performance is a result of both the quality and quantity performed by officers in carrying out their work. From this understanding, researchers are interested in conducting research related to the influence of situational leadership style on the performance of correctional officers using the correlation method where the independent variable is the influence of the situational leadership style, and the dependent variable is the performance of correctional officers in class IIA Pekalongan Detention Center. Based on the statistical data analysis that the researchers conducted, it can be concluded that the situational leadership style has an effect on the performance of correctional officers in the Class IIA Pekalongan Detention Center.
Human Trafficking in Thailand in Perspective of Human Rights Law
Authors: Sihotang Natalia , Wiriya Channarong
Published: December 2021

Trafficking in human beings is increasingly due to the greatest gain of the perpetrators. Human trafficking is a global humanitarian problem. With the involvement of many countries, both as a country of origin, destination and transit country, making this problem more complex. The complexity of the problems is increasing as the neighbors and organized transnational crime networks are organized. Thailand is one of the transit countries, sources, and destinations for international human trafficking. These conditions led to the Government of Thailand began to realize the urgency of the dangers of human trafficking. This problem is increasingly complex because human trafficking is related to child and female prostitution.
Hajj Pilgrims' Abandonment: The Protection for Consumer (Case of PT Anugrah Karya Wisata Utama and PT Abu Tours & Travel)
Authors: Rahmawati Sekar Arum
Published: December 2021

People are encouraged to selectively choose a trusted umroh travel agency. First Travel and Abu Travel has violated Article 65 letter a Government Regulation Number 79 Year 2012 on Implementation of Law Number 13 Year 2008 regarding Hajj Implementation. The violation is a neglect of Umrah pilgrims who failed to leave for Saudi Arabia, and resulted in material and immaterial losses experienced by Umrah congregation. The type of legal research used by the authors in this study is the type of legal case study research; This type of research is also called Library Research, is research conducted by tracing or reviewing and analyzing library materials or materials ready to use documents. Improving the supervision of umrah. The supervision is done because it can increase the travel agency of umroh and haj pilgrimage, so that with this supervision the prospective pilgrims who register will not get the act of fraud.
An Empirical-Causative Analysis of the Politics of Xenophobia in South Africa
Authors: Akinrinde Olawale Olufemi , Tar Usman
Published: December 2021

Several scholarly and scientific attentions have indeed been geared towards the studies on xenophobia in South Africa, but little and very limited interrogation have been devoted to its precipitating politics. Extant works and studies on xenophobia in South Africa, in addition to their differing perspectives, have focused more on how to address the xenophobic reality rather than trying to understand why the politics of xenophobia has persisted unabatedly despite several remedial interventions from government and key stakeholders. This study bridges the gap by attempting to, very importantly, understand and advance reasons as to why the politics has continued against all efforts geared towards addressing it. While Brown Harry’s scapegoating thesis, Pillay’s relative deprivation of South African blacks and Crush’s cultural explanation amongst many others have attempted to offer empirical views on the manifestation of xenophobia in South Africa, that which is central to the understanding of the xenophobic phenomenon was innocently overlooked. The study therefore sees “politics” has been central to any attempt to understanding the manifestation of xenophobia in South Africa. The overwhelming scientific discourses and perspectives offered by this study on the politics of xenophobia would therefore help in bridging the gap in the extant literature and the body of knowledge.
Negative Stereotypes Towards Older People. A Study with Teachers in Initial Training
Authors: Moreno-Crespo Pilar , Moreno-Fernández Olga , Pedrero-García Encarnación
Published: December 2021

Objective. To describe whether there are stereotypes towards older adults by the group of teachers in initial training. Method. The approach was quantitative and not probabilistic through a statistical study with university students preparing to become primary school teachers in the Spanish education system. This training profile includes adult and senior education as an additional professional opportunity. The sample (n=110) has been selected among students of the Primary Education Degree. We have applied the Negative Stereotype Questionnaire for the Elderly (CENVE) and the Educational Stereotype Questionnaire for the Elderly (CEEAM). Results. We suggest that the respondents present some degree of stereotypes towards older adults; the stereotype is greater when we question the deterioration of memory and cognitive impairment in general. However, the data are positive, except that in the case of the health factor we found two items in which respondents reported a higher level of stereotyping. Conclusions. Based on these results, we conclude that it is necessary to work on stereotypical perceptions, especially with students pursuing careers related to education, since their professional performance can lead them to develop their teaching careers in adult and senior education. The education professions must be involved in improving quality of life, active aging, and lifelong learning through professional practice and the elimination of personal and societal stereotypes.
La filosofía ante el rostro de la muerte: ¿Es posible una nueva convivencia?
Authors: Villanueva Barreto Jaime
Published: December 2021

Este trabajo parte de la especificidad del Perú y Latinoamérica para indagar la posibilidad de una nueva convivencia post-pandemia. Desde una mirada que pretende integrar la tradición fenomenológica con la filosofía en perspectiva latinoamericana y la tradición cultural andina, queremos sacar a luz sus coincidencias en un diálogo acerca de un tema tan universal como humano: la vida y la muerte. Nuestra reflexión propone replantear nuestra forma de convivencia basándonos en la crítica latinoamericana del lugar-que-da-verdad ellacuriano y la sabiduría popular scanonniana para proponer el Sumak Kawsay como un nuevo modo de relacionarnos entre los latinoamericanos y los seres humanos en general.
El impacto del Modelo Neoliberal en las instituciones Latinoamericanas
Authors: Gallardo Helio
Published: December 2021

La exposición se concentra en explicar la producción del concepto ‘neoliberalismo’, su significación y aplicación política en la fase actual de mundialización y sus alcances básicos para algunas sociedades latinoamericanas en la transición entre los siglos XX y XXI. Realiza, asimismo, una aproximación elemental a su aporte ideológico en la configuración de un sentido común (o sensibilidad/ethos) en una sociedad como la costarricense, cuestión que incide en la posibilidad de estudiar su impacto en instituciones específicas y complejas como son las instituciones de educación superior.
Аномалії в коефіцієнтах внутрішньої конверсії загальмованих ротаційних гамма-переходів
Authors: Кирищук В.І. , Лашко А.П. , Лашко Т.М.
Published: December 2021

Продовжено цикл робіт щодо дослідження ефекту проникнення в М1-компоненті загальмованих ротаційних γ-переходів. Ефект зумовлений  різними правилами добору для матричних елементів γ-випромінювання та внутрішньоядерної конверсії. Вперше визначено величину параметра проникнення λ для М1-компоненти γ-переходу з енергією 129 кеВ в 191Ir. Наведено результати досліджень аналогічних переходів в 163Er, 165Er та 177Hf. При порівнянні експериментальних матричних елементів проникнення з їх теоретичними значеннями, обчисленими в моделі Нільсона, знайдено перенормування гіромагнітних відношень для спін-мультипольної взаємодії в М1-конверсійних переходах: gs(M1)/gsfree(p) = 0,574 ± 0,023 та gs(M1)/gsfree(n) = 0,59 ± 0,07.
MODEL EDUCATION RECONSTRUCTION MODUL PERKULIAHAN PENELITIAN LABORATORIUM BERBASIS PROBLEM SOLVING-DECISION MAKING
Authors: Doloksaribu Florida
Published: December 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan bahan ajar pada matakuliah Penelitian Laboratorium (PL) di Universitas Cendrawasih, Papua. Penelitian menggunakan metode reseach and development (R&D) yaitu mengembangkan bahan ajar perkuliahan berdasarkan Model of educational reconstruction (MER).  Topik yang dipilih untuk dikembangkan adalah konteks kimia batu gamping yang dilakukan dengan pendekatan Problem Solving-Decision Making (PSDM). Penelitian melibatkan lima orang ahli untuk memvalidasi bahan ajar yang telah dibuat.  Berdasarkan respon ahli didapatkan hasil bahan ajar perkuliahan topik konteks kimia batu gamping berbasis PSDM telah memenuhi kriteria sebagai berikut ketepatan materi (konten dan konteks), kesesuaian antara konten dan konteks, kesesuaian materi dengan kurikulum (tujuan pembelajaran), ketepatan gambar dan tugas percobaan, dan kesesuaian materi dengan  kemampuan mahasiswa. Nilai content validity ratio (CVR) rata-rata  untuk bahan ajar perkuliahan  adalah 0,84, CVIh> CVIt(0,84 > 0,73), hal ini menandakan bahwa bahan ajar perkuliahan yang dikembangkan layak digunakan untuk mahasiswa pendidikan kimia.
The Effect of Mindfulness and Religious Coping on Elderly Mental Health
Authors: Itqoniah Cut Fauziah , Adriani Yufi
Published: December 2021

The elderly population continues to increase not only in the world, but also in Indonesia. One of the cities that contribute to increasing the number of elderly people in Indonesia is Depok, West Java. Elderly is a stage that has experienced many changes and faced various challenges in life. The elderly tend to experience a decline in various aspects. They experience changes in physical, psychological, and social aspects. The changes that occur and all the challenges that must be faced can have an impact on the physical, mental and functioning of life. This study aims to examine whether mindfulness and religious coping have an effect on the mental health of the elderly in Depok city. The sample used were 282 elderly people who were taken using a non-probability sampling technique, namely purposive sampling. The instruments used in this study are adaptations and modifications of the Mental Health Continuum-Long Form (MHC-LF), Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ) and Brief RCOPE instruments. The results showed that at 36.5%, there was a significant effect of mindfulness and religious coping together on the mental health of the elderly. In detail, the results of the minor hypothesis prove that there is a significant effect of three dimensions of mindfulness (observe, describe, and act with awareness) and one dimension of religious coping (positive religious coping) on the mental health of the elderly.
Implications of captive breeding for the reintroduction of the Saker falcon (Falco cherrug) in Bulgaria
Authors: Petrov R. , Andonova Y. , Gancheva Y. , Klisurov I.
Published: December 2021

Abstract. The Saker falcon (Falco cherrug) is a globally endangered species recovered in 2018 in Bulgaria. The only known active pair currently breeding in the wild in the country is made up of captive-bred and released birds, part of the first reintroduction programme for the species in Bulgaria and globally. As part of the project, sourced Saker falcons of known European origin are bred ex situ, the juveniles are parent-reared and released in the wild by means of the hacking method. The aim of this study was to evaluate the success and effectiveness of the captive breeding and rearing methods. The objective of the study was to investigate, compare and assess the results from fertilization, hatching, survival and hacking of captive bred Saker falcons registered over a 10-year period (2011-2021) at the Wildlife Rehabilitation and Breeding Centre (WRBC) Green Balkans, with a more detailed comparison of the breeding activities carried out in 2020 and 2021 (as the reintroduction programme was restarted in 2020). The results show more than threefold increase in output of laid eggs with the employment of the double clutching method in 2020 and 2021, and an overall 65% release rate of the hatched in the WRBC Saker falcons, for the investigated period.
Evaluation of fatty acid profile and naturalness of butter marketed in Bulgaria
Authors: Naydenova N.
Published: December 2021

Abstract. The predominant influence on the structural-mechanical characteristics (hardness, brittleness, etc.) and the chemical parameters (acidity, oxidation-reduction potential, etc.) of butter is exerted by its lipid composition. The aim of the study was to establish the fatty acid composition of some Bulgarian brands of butter and those imported from abroad, offered in the trade network of Bulgaria, in connection with their naturalness and health indicators. Five brands of butter produced in Bulgaria and imported from countries in the European Union were tested three times. The content of saturated fatty acids in the studied Bulgarian brands of butter varied from 66.16 to 75.15%, and for brands of butter imported from EU countries they varied in a significantly narrower range - from 67.51 to 72.49%. The amount of short-chain saturated fatty acids is higher for EU-imported butter brands. The data for the identification characteristics of all tested samples from the trade network of the country meet the requirements for naturalness of butter. The atherogenic index of butter varied from 2.56 to 3.26 for the imported brands of butter and from 2.41 to 3.70 for the Bulgarian ones, and the thrombogenic index from 1.49 to 2.36 for the imported brands, and from 1.44 to 2.17 for the Bulgarian ones, respectively.
Avian stomach anatomy – a mini review
Authors: Hristov H.
Published: December 2021

The stomach of birds comprises three parts – glandular (proventriculus gastris), muscular (ventriculus gastris) and pyloric (pars pylorica gastris). Depending on the diet, these three parts are well differentiated in omnivorous, herbivorous, insectivorous and granivorous birds and slightly differentiated in fish- and meateaters. In fruit-eating, nectar-eating and testacivorous birds, the stomach has an intermediate structure between the two types. In some birds from the genus Tangara, the stomach is reduced to a diverticulum.
The role of phonology in Vata adjectival agreement
Authors: Bredemann Sebastian
Published: December 2021

In realizational theories of morphology, different opinions exist on the relationship between phonology and Vocabulary Insertion. On the one hand, there are separational theories like Distributed Morphology (Halle & Marantz 1993), which assume that Vocabulary Insertion does not interact with the phonological component of the grammar. These theories predict that the properties of a language's regular phonology never play a role when vocabulary items (VIs) are inserted. The opposite view is held by integrational theories as, for instance, proposed in Wolf (2008). These theories assume that the general phonology of a language can influence Vocabulary Insertion. Based on adjectival agreement in the language Vata, I propose an integrational model that assumes that Vocabulary Insertion applies in an Optimality-Theoretic (Prince & Smolensky 1993) phonology, where regular phonological constraints are active. I propose that the phonology consists of two levels: one level where VIs are inserted and one level for regular phonology.
Health Technologies Assessment for Orphan Diseases. Example of Social and Economic Burden of Spinal Muscular Atrophy
Authors: Kolbin Aleksei S. , Vlodavets Dmitriy V. , Kurylev Aleksei A. , Germanenko Olga Yu. , Kolbina Natalia Yu.
Published: December 2021

Background. Studies of the economic impact of disease on society or the social and economic burden, known as developmental disease cost analysis, are equivalent to public health epidemiological studies. Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) has significant social and economic burden according to various studies.

Objective. The aim of the study is to compare Russian and international methodological approaches and results of health technology assessment (HTA) of SMA from the perspective of social and economic burden. Materials and methods. Literature searches were conducted using the Medline, PubMed, ClinicalTrials.gov, and Cochrane Library databases. Keywords and criteria for inclusion and exclusion have been used. The following parameters were used: costs, year of calculation, assessment method, primary and secondary results, type of economic assessment, perspective, time horizon, intervention, analysis of the sensitivity of the results. Both direct medical and non-medical costs were taken into account, as well as indirect costs.

Results. The analysis of SMA burden the USA, Germany, Spain, Australia, France, Great Britain, and the Russian Federation was carried out based on 8 international studies and one Russian study that described the costs of SMA. All costs, including indirect ones, were estimated only in 4 international studies and in Russian one. The main source of information was either patient registers or cross-sectional retrospective studies of patients diagnosed with SMA. The costs were higher for type I SMA in all countries. The highest total SMA costs were in the United States, and the lowest in Russian Federation and Spain. Costs excluded new disease-modifying drugs such as nusinersen, risdiplam, and onasemogen abeparvovec in all conducted studies.

Conclusions. The social and economic burden of SMA in Russian Federation in 2020 before the introduction of pathogenetic therapy into practice was 2.38 billion RUR/year. The costs of inpatient treatment and rehabilitation were 30.8 and 32.3% of total costs, respectively. These costs, before the introduction of pathogenetic therapy into practice, are lower than in Western Europe and United States, which is most likely since domestic studies used the standards of primary health care for children with SMA implemented in 2012, as well as low indirect costs for SMA in Russian Federation. Unified methodology for assessing the socio-economic significance of orphan diseases is required to carry out HTA of orphan diseases in Russian Federation. It should be based on domestic registries, otherwise on valid data, including those based on data from real clinical practice (RWD /RWE).
Potted platycodon production in response to paclobutrazol
Authors: Sabino João Henrique Ferreira , Grossi José Antonio Saraiva , Silva Toshik Iarley da , Verly Otávio Miranda , Martins Filho Sebastião , Barbosa José Geraldo
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACT Platycodon grandiflorus is an ornamental species that can be marketed as a potted flower; however, it has fragile and bending floral stems. Plant growth regulators, such as paclobutrazol, are compounds that reduce stem elongation, enabling the production of plants with a more compact formation. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of paclobutrazol on platycodon growth, in a greenhouse. A completely randomized blocks experimental design was used in a 4 × 5 factorial scheme, with four replicates. The treatments consisted of four varieties of ‘Astra Semi-Double’ platycodon (Blue, Lavender, Pink and White) and five paclobutrazol doses (0, 1.25, 2.5, 3.75 and 5.0 mg pot-1). The paclobutrazol application did not affect the stem diameter, number of leaves, days until anthesis, number of flowers or flower buds, and flower diameter. The shoot length, leaf area and shoot dry mass decreased with higher doses of the growth regulator. Lavender showed the highest values for shoot length, number of leaves, leaf area and shoot dry mass. Pink had the earliest anthesis, followed by Blue and White, whereas Lavender had the latest anthesis. The dose of 3.75 mg pot-1 of paclobutrazol efficiently controlled the growth and improved the visual quality of all the platycodon varieties.
Community and infracommunities of metazoan parasites in Hemiodus unimaculatus (Hemiodontidae) from Jari River basin, a tributary of Amazon River (Brazil)
Authors: Almeida Odonei Moia , Oliveira Marcos Sidney Brito , Tavares-Dias Marcos
Published: December 2021

Abstract Parasites are an important part of biodiversity, and knowledge of species and their relationship with their hosts helps in monitoring an ecosystem over time. The aim of this study was to investigate the fauna of metazoan parasites in Hemiodus unimaculatus from the Jari River, in the eastern Amazon region, northern Brazil. Of the fish examined, 96.7% were parasitized by one or more species, and a total of 336 parasites such as Dactylogyridae gen. sp.1, Dactylogyridae gen. sp.2, Dactylogyridae gen. sp.3, Dactylogyridae gen. sp.4, Gyrodactilydae gen. sp., Urocleidoides sp.1, Urocleidoides sp.2, Urocleidoides sp.3, metacercariae of Digenea gen. sp., Procamallanus (Spirocamallanus) inopinatus, Contracaecum sp., Neoechinorhynchus sp. and Acarina gen. sp. The parasite community showed low Brillouin diversity (0.58 ± 0.29), low evenness (0.44 ± 0.21) and low species richness (7.40 ± 3.83). There was a predominance of ectoparasites, mainly monogeneans and digeneans. The parasites showed an aggregate dispersion, except for P. (S.) inopinatus, which had a random dispersion. The size of the hosts had no effect on diversity, species richness and abundance of parasites, but other factors structured the parasite community. This is the first study on the parasite community and infracommunities in H. unimaculatus.
Rapid freezing of saturated clays under large thermal gradients
Authors: Jang J. , Cha M.
Published: December 2021

This study investigates the rapid freezing behaviour of saturated clays under large thermal gradients. Although the freezing characteristics of soils under natural/low thermal gradients such as ice lens formation and water migration have been extensively studied, the freezing of a saturated soil under a large thermal gradient is not understood. This study presents rapid freezing tests to examine the freezing behaviour of saturated fine-grained soils in a closed system under large thermal gradients using liquid nitrogen (LN). Temperatures are measured inside specimens during freezing and micro-CT visualised internally after freezing. The results show that large thermal gradients develop near the surfaces of specimens on their submersion in LN. The specimens freeze homogeneously, and no visible ice lenses form, due to the insufficient time for water migration and ice segregation under rapid freezing. The specimens fracture and split into major pieces, under no confining stresses in this study; freezing first occurs near the boundaries, and the freezing front propagates inward, creating temporal, differential volume changes between the outer and inner parts of the specimens, which leads to fractures in the unconfined state. The fractures affect subsequent temperature propagation and thermal gradients.
Toma de relación bicondilo maxilar
Authors: Restrepo Villamizar Claudia Elena
Published: December 2021

El objetivo de la guía es ayudar al estudiante a tener conocimiento del paso a paso en la toma de la relación bicondilo maxilar para que, posteriormente, pueda representar las posiciones mandibulares necesarias para un diagnóstico, pronóstico y tratamiento del paciente; lo anterior teniendo en cuenta cada uno de los detalles al momento de realizar la toma en el consultorio odontológico o en el área de práctica clínica.
Seeing Like a Citizen: How Being a Participant in a Citizens' Assembly Changed Everything I Thought I Knew about Deliberative Minipublics
Authors: Boswell John
Published: December 2021

This paper presents a participant-observation account of my experience as a randomly selected participant at a Citizens’ Assembly. I reflect on what the unique experience of ‘seeing like a citizen’ can add to accepted understandings and practices of mini-public deliberation. I find that the experience, though energising, exciting and ultimately hugely worthwhile, also upended many of my prior assumptions grounded in academic scholarship and previous experience as an observer, facilitator and organiser of such events. I draw on the experience to shed new light on the capacity of assembled citizens to: accurately reflect the concerns of the broader community; soberly digest and reflect on evidence; earnestly engage in reasoned argumentation with one another; carefully reach sophisticated or thought-through recommendations as a collective; or ultimately gain a broader sense of efficacy from their engagement as individuals. The point in making these observations is not to critique moves toward democratic innovation (or the specific Citizens’ Assembly I was a part of), but to push forward scholarship and practice to respond and adapt to these little considered challenges.
Deliberative Quality and Expertise: Uses of Evidence in Citizens’ Juries on Wind Farms
Authors: Drury Sara A. Mehltretter , Elstub Stephen , Escobar Oliver , Roberts Jennifer
Published: December 2021

When addressing socio-scientific wicked problems, there is a need to negotiate across and through multiple modes of evidence, particularly technical expertise and local knowledge. Democratic innovations, such as deliberative citizens’ juries, have been proposed as a means of managing these tensions and as a way of creating representative, fairer decision making. But there are questions around participatory processes, the utilization of expertise, and deliberative quality. This paper considers forms of argumentation in the 2013-2014 “Citizens’ juries on wind farm development in Scotland.” Through a critical-interpretative research methodology drawing on rhetoric and argumentation, we demonstrate that arguments relating to the topoi of the environment and health functioned as de facto reasoning, whereas arguments using social scientific evidence around economics more prominently interacted with local knowledge. The findings offer implications for process design to improve and promote deliberative quality in mini-publics and other forms of participatory engagement on socio-scientific issues.
Experience of Research Misseling in the Practices of Russian Retail Banks
Authors: Polyakova Nina , Polyakov Vladimir , Shagina Ekaterina , Kulizhskaya Zhanna
Published: December 2021

The study examined phenomenon of misseling — a sales practice in in which a product or service is deliberately misrepresented or a customer is misled- in the activities of banks in the retail market. Currently, this phenomenon is clearly insufficiently studied, especially from a scientific standpoint. Meanwhile, the problem of banks using unfair practices is relevant not only because of violation of consumer rights, but also because it undermines the strategic foundations for the development of the banks themselves and the banking system as a whole, destroying the trust and customer loyalty to banks and the banking system as a whole. The authors employed Mystery Shopper observation method and content analysis of ads posted on social networks Instagram, Facebook, YouTube to study the misseling in the activities of three banks in Irkutsk .The study found the presence of misseling: deliberately providing consumers with incomplete information about the characteristics of the product; using not entirely reliable information in working with clients by hiding possible alternatives for choosing and persistently offering a certain solution option as the only one or the best; imposing additional services or product options; the use of manipulative methods of persuading consumers in advertising of the bank and its products. We believe that the use of misseling reduces the socio-economic role of the bank as a financial organization, and its activities "slide" to the level of usury.
On the Appropriateness of Using the Concept of «Competitiveness»
Authors: Balashova Maria , Troshkin Matvey , Balashova Anastasia
Published: December 2021

Changes happening in the internal and external business environment in the 21st century intensify the need for improving approaches to the evaluation of effectiveness of economic entities on different levels of economic analysis: micro, meso and macro. Although there is a significant theoretical background, the most common category for an assessment of the condition of an economic entity in the economic theory is «competitiveness», which was proposed by Adam Smith. Starting from the second half of the 20th century, specialists have been using this term for characterizing efficiency of individuals, cities, industries, regions and countries. Today, academics have developed unique ideas about the content of this category: methods of assessment of the reached level; factors which influence the category on different levels of economic analysis. However, the paradox is that the theoretical foundation cannot solve practical problems and answer relevant questions. In the article, the authors try to show that making the term «competitiveness» unified is unreasonable, it is based on factual material and opinions of national and foreign researchers. The authors formulate a hypothesis about the necessity of terminological disintegration while making multiple factor analysis: identifying independent groups of phenomena all of which are responsible for a specific condition type of a subject / object.
Applicability of CHIRPS-based satellite rainfall estimates for South Africa
Authors: du Plessis J A , Kibii J K
Published: December 2021

Long-term rainfall data with good spatial and temporal distribution is essential for all climate-related analyses. The availability of observed rainfall data has become increasingly problematic over the years due to a limited and deteriorating rainfall station network, occasioned by limited reporting and/or quality control of rainfall and, in some cases, closure of these stations. Remotely sensed satellite-based rainfall data sets offer an alternative source of information. In this study, daily and monthly rainfall data derived from Climate Hazards Group InfraRed Precipitation (CHIRPS) is compared with observed rainfall data from 46 stations evenly distributed across South Africa. Various metrics, based on a pairwise comparison between the observed and CHIRPS data, were applied to evaluate CHIRPS performance in the estimation of daily and monthly rainfall. The results show that CHIRPS data correlate well with observed monthly rainfall data for all stations used, having an average coefficient of determination of 0.6 and bias of 0.95. This study concludes that monthly CHIRPS data corresponds well, with good precision and relatively little bias when compared to observed monthly rainfall data, and can therefore be considered for use in conjunction with observed rainfall data where no or limited data is available in South Africa for hydrological analysis.