bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
First-Principles Study of Physical Properties of (110) Symmetric Small-Angle Tilting Grain Boundary with Full Dislocation in Aluminum
Authors: Fan Touwen , Ruan Zixiong , Lin Lan , Liu Xianlan , Luo Heng
Published: December 2024

The Peierls–Nabarro dislocation model is applied in this paper to investigate the [110] full dislocations on the (001), (111), and (1¯10) planes in pure Al, as well as the (110) small-angle tilting grain boundary (SATGB) composed of them. The findings demonstrate that the stress–strain fields of both dislocations and grain boundaries can be accurately described by a five-term single dislocation strain field. The Peierls stresses for the [110] edge-type dislocations on the (001), (111), and (1¯10) planes are 67.15 MPa, 114.93 MPa, and 847.56 MPa, respectively, exhibiting an increasing trend in magnitude. As the inter-dislocation distance decreases in the (110) SATGB of Al, the stress field, half-width, decomposition trend, and line energy of individual dislocations gradually decrease. The change in the line energy can be divided into three parts: Initially, there is a slow decrease when the distance is greater than ~200 Å. This is followed by a sharp drop in the line energy as the distance further decreases, with a slowing down of this trend at ~70 Å, where strain energy becomes dominant. In the final stage, the changes in the strained energy and core energy synergistically contribute. The (110) SATGB energy exhibits an increasing trend with the increment of the angle. The Peierls energy and force of the (110) SATGB composed of [110] full dislocations on the Al (001) and (111) surfaces exhibit minimal variation as the distance between dislocations changes, whereas a slight decrease is observed on the (110) surface. The present study provides valuable insights into the investigation of mechanical properties in Al alloys with nanometer-sized grains.
Design of Trabecular Bone Mimicking Voronoi Lattice-Based Scaffolds and CFD Modelling of Non-Newtonian Power Law Blood Flow Behaviour
Authors: N. Musthafa Haja-Sherief , Walker Jason
Published: December 2024

Designing scaffolds similar to the structure of trabecular bone requires specialised algorithms. Existing scaffold designs for bone tissue engineering have repeated patterns that do not replicate the random stochastic porous structure of the internal architecture of bones. In this research, the Voronoi tessellation method is applied to create random porous biomimetic structures. A volume mesh created from the shape of a Zygoma fracture acts as a boundary for the generation of random seed points by point spacing to create Voronoi cells and Voronoi diagrams. The Voronoi lattices were obtained by adding strut thickness to the Voronoi diagrams. Gradient Voronoi scaffolds of pore sizes (19.8 µm to 923 µm) similar to the structure of the trabecular bone were designed. A Finite Element Method-based computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation was performed on all designed Voronoi scaffolds to predict the pressure drops and permeability of non-Newtonian blood flow behaviour using the power law material model. The predicted permeability (0.33 × 10−9 m2 to 2.17 × 10−9 m2) values of the Voronoi scaffolds from the CFD simulation are comparable with the permeability of scaffolds and bone specimens from other research works.
Distinguishing Human Journalists from Artificial Storytellers Through Stylistic Fingerprints
Authors: Tran Van Hieu , Sebastian Yakub , Karim Asif , Azam Sami
Published: December 2024

Background: Artificial intelligence poses a critical challenge to the authenticity of journalistic documents. Objectives: This research proposes a method to automatically identify AI-generated news articles based on various stylistic features. Methods/Approach: We used machine learning algorithms and trained five classifiers to distinguish journalistic news articles from their AI-generated counterparts based on various lexical, syntactic, and readability features. BERTopic was used to extract salient keywords from these articles, which were then used to prompt Google’s Gemini to generate new artificial articles on the same topic. Results: The Random Forest classifier performed the best on the task (accuracy = 98.3%, precision = 0.984, recall = 0.983, and F1-score = 0.983). Random Forest feature importance, Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), Mutual Information, and Recursive Feature Elimination revealed the top five important features: sentence length range, paragraph length coefficient of variation, verb ratio, sentence complex tags, and paragraph length range. Conclusions: This research introduces an innovative approach to prompt engineering using the BERTopic modelling technique and identifies key stylistic features to distinguish AI-generated content from human-generated content. Therefore, it contributes to the ongoing efforts to combat disinformation, enhancing the credibility of content in various industries, such as academic research, education, and journalism.
Penetration of Vegetable Oils into Textured Hair Fibers: Integrating Molecular Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption Ioni-Zation Time-of-Flight Mass Spectroscopy (MALDI TOF/TOF MS) Analysis with Mechanical Measurements
Authors: Lourenço Carolina Botelho , Gasparin Rebeca Mantuan , Thomaz Fernanda Malanconi , Grimaldi Renato , Paiva-Santos Ana Cláudia , Mazzola Priscila Gava
Published: December 2024

The promotion of natural beauty has empowered women with textured hair to embrace their natural hair texture and opt for bleaching as a means of style variation. However, bleaching exacerbates the inherent fragility of this hair type, necessitating treatments to partially restore its mechanical properties. Vegetable oils, renowned for their strengthening properties, were evaluated regarding (I) their ability to penetrate both virgin and bleached textured hair using Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization (MALDI) time-of-flight (TOF) analysis, and (II) their effects by way of tensile and fatigue tests. The MALDI–TOF results revealed groups of oil molecules in the cortical region of the bleached textured hair. The tensile test results, in turn, showed that the oil treatments were unable to alter the mechanical properties of the hair. Conversely, the fatigue test showed an increase in resistance in the virgin hair, most likely attributed to a lubrication effect in the outermost portions of the cortex and cuticles. In the bleached hair, a reduction in resistance was noted following the treatment with the oils. Comparative analysis with a previous study on straight hair by our group suggests that external molecules diffuse more homogeneously in straight hair than in textured hair. The unique cortical structure of textured hair creates two areas with distinct diffusion zones, resulting in the irregular distribution of external materials and different effects compared to straight hair.
Management of Ductal Carcinoma In Situ: An Ontario Health (Cancer Care Ontario) Clinical Practice Guideline
Authors: Brackstone Muriel , Durocher-Allen Lisa , Califaretti Nadia , Eisen Andrea , Knowles Sarah , Salim Abeer , Plexman Taude , Koch C. Anne
Published: December 2024

(1) Background: To make recommendations on the most effective therapy options for Ductal Carcinoma of the Breast (DCIS) patients; (2) Methods: MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, PROSPERO databases, and main relevant guideline websites were searched. Draft versions of the guideline went through formal internal and external reviews, with a final approval by the Program in Evidence Based Care and the DCIS Expert Panel. The Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation approach was followed; (3) Results: Based on the current evidence from the systematic review and this guideline authors’ clinical opinions, initial draft recommendations were developed to improve the management of patients with DCIS. After a comprehensive internal and external review process, ten recommendations and 27 qualifying statements were eventually made. This guideline includes recommendations for the primary treatment of DCIS with surgical treatment and/or radiation therapy and the management of DCIS after primary treatment for patients with DCIS, including DCIS with microinvasion (<1 mm through the duct); (4) Conclusions: The current guideline was created after a systematic review and a comprehensive internal and external review process. We believe this guideline provides valuable insights that will be useful in clinical decision making for health providers.
Brief Report: Trends in Incidence, Mortality, and Disability-Adjusted Life Years for Early-Onset Colorectal Cancer in Canada Between 1990 and 2019
Authors: Stukalin Igor , Gupta Mehul , Buhler Katherine , Forbes Nauzer , Heitman Steven J. , Ma Christopher
Published: December 2024

Background: Colorectal cancer is the third most common malignancy globally. Early-onset colorectal cancer (EOCRC) is becoming a growing healthcare focus globally, particularly in North America. We estimated trends in incidence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) for EOCRC in Canada between 1990 and 2019. Methods: We used the Global Burden of Diseases Study to evaluate trends in incidence, mortality, and DALYs for EOCRC in Canada between 1990 and 2019. Rates were estimated per 100,000 persons at risk with associated uncertainty intervals (UIs). Annual percentage changes (APC) were estimated using joinpoint regression with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results: In 2019, the incidence, mortality, and DALYs rates for EOCRC were 10.89 (95% UI 8.09, 14.34), 2.24 (95% UI 2.00, 2.51), and 111.37 (95% UI 99.34, 124.78) per 100,000 individuals, respectively. Incidence increased during the study period by 1.12%/year (95% CI 1.03%, 1.22%; p < 0.001). The largest increase in incidence in EOCRC occurred between 1990 and 2007, with an APC of 2.23% (95% CI 2.09%, 2.37%; p < 0.001). Mortality (APC 2.95%, 95% CI 1.89%, 4.02%; p < 0.001) and DALY (APC 2.96%, 95% CI 1.84%, 4.09%; p < 0.001) rates increased for males between 2001 and 2006. Conclusions: Our study reveals a substantial burden in EOCRC in Canada, with a significant increase in incidence.
Survival Outcomes with Regorafenib and/or Trifluridine/Tipiracil Sequencing to Rechallenge with Third-Line Regimens in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer: A Multicenter Retrospective Real-World Subgroup Comparison from the ReTrITA Study
Authors: Signorelli Carlo , Calegari Maria Alessandra , Anghelone Annunziato , Passardi Alessandro , Frassineti Giovanni Luca , Bittoni Alessandro , Lucchetti Jessica , Angotti Lorenzo , Di Giacomo Emanuela , Zurlo Ina Valeria , Morelli Cristina , Dell’Aquila Emanuela , Artemi Adele , Gemma Donatello , Corsi Domenico Cristiano , Emiliani Alessandra , Ribelli Marta , Mazzuca Federica , Arrivi Giulia , Zoratto Federica , Chilelli Mario Giovanni , Schirripa Marta , Morandi Maria Grazia , Santamaria Fiorenza , Dettori Manuela , Cosimati Antonella , Saltarelli Rosa , Minelli Alessandro , Lucci-Cordisco Emanuela , Basso Michele
Published: December 2024

Background: There is ongoing discussion around the optimal course of treatment for metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) following the second line. Trifluridine/tipiracil (T) and regorafenib (R) have been the mainstay of therapy in this situation, as they both increased overall survival (OS) in comparison to a placebo. Despite the paucity of evidence, therapy rechallenge is also recognized as an option for practical use. In the third-line scenario of mCRC, we planned to investigate the survival outcomes using (T) and (R), both with and without prior rechallenge treatment. Materials and methods: Between 2012 and 2023, we examined the medical records of 1156 patients with refractory mCRC who were enrolled in the multicenter retrospective ReTrITA study. We then separated the patients into two cohorts based on the rechallenge therapy that was given before regorafenib and/or trifluridine/tipiracil at 17 Italian centres. Results: A total of 981 patients underwent T and/or R therapy, while 175 patients had therapy rechallenge before T and/or R. The median overall survival (mOS) for patients treated with T/R and R/T sequences in the rechallenge therapy cohort was 14.5 months and 17.6 months, respectively (p = 0.1955). A statistically significant survival benefit was observed in patients who received monotheraphy with R (mOS: 6 months) compared to the T group (mOS: 4.2 months) (p = 0.0332). In the same cohort, a median progression-free survival (mPFS) benefit was demonstrated in favour of the R/T group (11.3 months) vs. 9 months of the reverse sequence (p = 0.4004). In the no-rechallenge cohort, the mOS was statistically longer in the R/T sequence than in the T/R sequence (16.2 months vs. 12.3 months, respectively; p = 0.0014). In terms of the mPFS, we saw the same significant result for the adoption of R/T treatment (11.5 months vs. 8.4 months, respectively; p < 0.0001). The two monotherapy groups did not reveal any significant differences. Conclusions: This study suggests that rechallenge therapy may improve survival rates in the third-line treatment of mCRC, particularly if it is administered before sequential R/T treatment. This could allow for the extension of mCRC treatment choices until prospective studies are finished or randomised trials are performed.
Interpretable Multi-Label Classification for Tibiofibula Fracture 2D CT Images with Selective Attention and Data Augmentation
Authors: Han Chan Sik , Jeong Sun Woo , Kim Hyung Won , Choi Seung Myung , Lee Keon Myung
Published: December 2024

Background: Tibiofibula fractures occur across all age groups, and postoperative complications are frequent. An accurate and rapid classification methodology for these fractures could significantly assist physicians. Clinically, tibiofibula fractures occur at various locations, and the fracture types are not evenly distributed. Methods: This paper presents a deep learning model for the interpretable multi-label classification of tibiofibula fractures in two-dimensional (2D) CT scan images, addressing the challenges posed by a limited sample size and an uneven distribution of fracture types. We retrospectively collected 2494 2D CT images from 168 patients with tibia or fibula fractures. The types of fractures identified in the CT scan images were classified according to the AO/OTA fracture classification. A deep learning model was developed to classify composite fractures in 2D CT images, providing visual interpretation for each identified class. The visual interpretation was given with the saliency maps constructed by the Grad-CAM++ method. The deep learning model was trained using data augmentation techniques to address class imbalance and the limited dataset size. Results: Our experiments demonstrated that the proposed model achieved a mean average precision (mAP) of 95.71%. Conclusions: The saliency map-based visual interpretation enables the verification of whether the model provides reliable decision-making for classification.
The Association Between Antipsychotics and Bone Fragility: An Updated Comprehensive Review
Authors: Mercurio Michele , Spina Giovanna , Galasso Olimpio , Gasparini Giorgio , Segura-Garcia Cristina , De Fazio Pasquale , de Filippis Renato
Published: December 2024

Background: Antipsychotic drugs appear to be related to reduced bone mineral density (BMD). We conducted a narrative review to collect the available literature investigating the relationship between antipsychotic use and bone fragility. Methods: A review of the published literature was conducted and reported through PubMed/Scopus/Cochrane libraries. We included studies using any antipsychotic treatment where the bone metabolism, osteoporosis, and/or risk of fractures has been assessed. Results: After screening 1707 items, we finally included 15 papers. A total of 3245 initial patients were identified, of whom 1357 patients with a mean age of 43.8 years underwent antipsychotic treatment and were analyzed. The mean antipsychotic treatment duration of the treated group was 15.8 ± 13.9 years. Among the included studies, two reported a statistically significant difference in lumbar BMD reduction between the antipsychotic exposed group and the control group. Femoral neck BMD levels had been reported in four of the case–control studies; two reported a statistically significant difference in femoral neck BMD reduction between the antipsychotic exposed group and the control group. Conclusions: Prolonged use of antipsychotic treatment seems to be associated with an increased risk of reduced BMD, and, consequentially, with an augmented risk of bone fragility and fractures. This effect is not limited to vulnerable groups, such as those with significant medical comorbidities, the elderly, and postmenopausal women, but may also apply to anyone using antipsychotics in the long-term. Clinicians’ awareness of antipsychotic prescriptions should optimize their potential while reducing this risk.
A Deep Evolution Policy-Based Approach for RIS-Enhanced Communication System
Authors: Zhao Ke , Song Zhiqun , Li Yong , Li Xingjian , Liu Lizhe , Wang Bin
Published: December 2024

This paper investigates the design of active and passive beamforming in a reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS)-aided multi-user multiple-input single-output (MU-MISO) system with the objective of maximizing the sum rate. We propose a deep evolution policy (DEP)-based algorithm to derive the optimal beamforming strategy by generating multiple agents, each utilizing distinct deep neural networks (DNNs). Additionally, a random subspace selection (RSS) strategy is incorporated to effectively balance exploitation and exploration. The proposed DEP-based algorithm operates without the need for alternating iterations, gradient descent, or backpropagation, enabling simultaneous optimization of both active and passive beamforming. Simulation results indicate that the proposed algorithm can bring significant performance enhancements.
The Effect of Ironic Process Theory on Brain Signal-Based Encryption for IoT Devices
Authors: Aydogan Ahmet Furkan , Varol Cihan , Shashidhar Narasimha Karpoor , Rasheed Amar , Vung Pham Van , Karabatak Murat
Published: December 2024

Numerous encryption methods have been published to secure IoT devices in the last decade. Existing encryption methods still have disadvantages when it comes to securing IoT devices. On the other hand, a new encryption method using brain signals in IoT devices is gaining attention as a new solution. The encryption method based on brain signals essentially involves a hypothesis called imposed recall based on ironic process theory. The imposed recall was created with the expectation that imposing a specific choice on the subjects during the acquisition of brain signals would allow for better separation of EEG data. This paper presents experiments and approaches to prove the validity of the imposed recall hypothesis. With the experiments, the effects of ironic process theory on brain signal-based encryption can be observed. While performing the tests, varying approaches, including Granger causality, were applied to analyze the results. The results show that the imposed recall hypothesis can successfully reconstruct EEG data. The structured signals were determined to be effective in capturing matches of brain signals on subjects at different time intervals. Thus, the imposed recall hypothesis can be used in various fields, such as authentication, questioning, and identification, by reserving brain signals to be obtained from individuals. In addition, it was reported that it is possible to acquire the ability to provide security in both devices with limited hardware, such as IoT devices or complex systems.
Evaluating the Impacts of Autonomous Electric Vehicles Adoption on Vehicle Miles Traveled and CO2 Emissions
Authors: Xiao Jingyi , Goulias Konstadinos G. , Ravulaparthy Srinath , Sharda Shivam , Jin Ling , Spurlock C. Anna
Published: December 2024

Autonomous electric vehicles (AEVs) can potentially revolutionize the transportation landscape, offering a safer, contact-free, easily accessible, and more eco-friendly mode of travel. Prior to the market uptake of AEVs, it is critical to understand the consumer segments that are most likely to adopt these vehicles. Beyond market adoption, it is also important to quantify the impact of AEVs on broader transportation systems and the environment, such as impacts on the annual vehicle miles traveled (VMT) and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. In this pilot study, using survey data, a statistical model correlating AEV adoption intention and socioeconomic and built environment attributes was estimated, and a sensitivity analysis was conducted to understand the importance of factors impacting AEV adoption. We found that the market segments range from early adopters who are wealthy, technologically savvy, and relatively young to non-adopters who are more cautious to new technologies. This is followed by a synthetic population microsimulation of market penetration for the San Francisco Bay Area. With five household vehicle replacement scenarios, we assessed the annual VMT and tailpipe carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions change associated with vehicle replacement. It is found that adopting AEVs can potentially reduce more than 5 megatons of CO2 yearly, which is approximately 30% of the total CO2 emitted by internal combustion engine (ICE) cars in the region.
Pathways to Carbon Neutrality: A Review of Strategies and Technologies Across Sectors
Authors: Al Khaffaf Israa , Tamimi Adil , Ahmed Vian
Published: December 2024

Climate change, driven by human-induced greenhouse gas emissions, poses a critical threat to the planet, prompting countries worldwide to pledge carbon neutrality by the mid-century. This literature review identifies and analyzes strategies and technologies for achieving carbon neutrality across various sectors and regions. The study aims to determine the research focus across sectors, highlighting the well-studied sectors while identifying critical gaps in other sectors, offering policymakers and researchers a clearer understanding of which sectors need more attention and investment to achieve carbon neutrality goals. Through employing a systematic literature review approach, PRISMA 2020, 113 articles published between 2019 and 2023 were analyzed using content and bibliometric analysis. The results of the content analysis show that the energy sector is the most extensively studied, with a focus on the integration of renewable energy sources, energy efficiency, and carbon capture technologies. Furthermore, results showed promising developments in energy-efficient electrification methods, and circular economy principles can be seen in the building, transportation, and industrial sectors. On the other hand, while having a large potential for sequestering carbon, the agriculture and forestry sectors are still understudied. As for the bibliometric analysis, this study reveals the complex interplay between technological innovation, sectoral strategies, and policy intervention in achieving carbon neutrality. It highlights the need for integrated, interdisciplinary approaches that consider interactions between technological, economic, social, and environmental factors. The analysis also emphasizes the importance of lifecycle assessment, economic complexity, and investments in shaping effective carbon neutrality strategies. As such, future research should address the identified gaps, particularly in agriculture and forestry, and develop more comprehensive models for the transition to carbon neutrality that incorporate both technological solutions and broader socio-economic considerations.
Comparative Study of the NOx, CO Emissions, and Stabilization Characteristics of H2-Enriched Liquefied Petroleum Gas in a Swirl Burner
Authors: Dostiyarov Abay Mukhamediyarovich , Umyshev Dias Raybekovich , Aidymbayeva Zhanar Abdeshevna , Yamanbekova Ayaulym Konusbekovna , Duisenbek Zhansaya Serikkyzy , Kumargazina Madina Bakytzhanovna , Kartjanov Nurlan Rezhepbayevich , Begimbetova Ainur Serikbayevna
Published: December 2024

The global shift toward renewable fuels and the reduction in anthropogenic environmental impact have become increasingly critical. However, the current challenges in fully transitioning to environmentally friendly fuels necessitate the use of transitional fuel mixtures. While many alternatives have been explored, the combination of hydrogen and LPG appears to be the most practical under the conditions specific to Kazakhstan. This study presents experimental findings on a novel burner system that utilizes the airflow swirl and hydrogen enrichment of LPG. It evaluates the effects of hydrogen addition, fuel supply methods, and swirl intensity—achieved by adjusting the outlet vanes—on flame stabilization as well as NOx and CO emissions. The results show that the minimum NOx concentration achieved was 12.08 ppm, while the minimum CO concentration was 101 ppm. Flame stabilization studies indicate that supplying the fuel at the center of the burner, rather than at the base, improves stabilization by 23%. Additionally, increasing the proportion of hydrogen positively affects stabilization. However, the analysis also reveals that, as the hydrogen content in the fuel rises, NOx concentrations increase. These findings highlight the importance of balancing the hydrogen enrichment, airflow swirl, and fuel supply methods to achieve optimal combustion performance. While hydrogen-enriched LPG offers enhanced flame stabilization, the associated rise in NOx emissions presents a challenge that requires careful management to maintain both efficiency and environmental compliance.
Microgrid Resilience Enhancement with Sensor Network-Based Monitoring and Risk Assessment Involving Uncertain Data
Authors: Yuan Tangxiao , Assilevi Kossigan Roland , Adjallah Kondo Hloindo , Ajavon Ayité Sénah A. , Wang Huifen
Published: December 2024

This paper focuses on enhancing the resilience of microgrids—localized power systems that integrate multiple energy sources—against challenges such as natural disasters, technological obstacles, and human errors. It begins by defining the specific connotation of microgrid resilience and then proposes an innovative solution centered on the use of advanced sensor technology to continuously monitor the microgrid and its operational environment, ensuring accurate and timely data collection under dynamic conditions. Subsequently, a decision risk assessment framework is constructed, integrating data quality evaluation and operational risk considerations, to drive strategy optimization through in-depth data analysis. At the application level, this framework is successfully applied to two critical decision-making scenarios: the first is to optimize the power allocation strategy between solar energy and the auxiliary grid, aiming to maximize cost efficiency and minimize power outage losses; the second is to develop low-risk maintenance plans based on the predicted failure probabilities of microgrid components with uncertain information. Both decision processes skillfully utilize Monte Carlo simulation and multi-objective genetic algorithms to effectively manage the uncertainty risks in the decision-making process, thereby significantly enhancing the overall resilience of the microgrid.
Sawing Model and Optimization of Single Pass Crosscut Parameters for Pinus kesiya Based on the Transformer Model
Authors: Wang Xingtao , Wang Yuan , Guo Zhichang , Wang Dong , Dai Yang , Zhao Deyong
Published: December 2024

The optimization of the sawing process for Pinus kesiya Royle ex Gordon, an important timber used in construction and furniture, especially through the adjustment of parameters such as wood moisture content, cutting speed, and feed speed, not only helps reduce energy consumption and noise but also improves surface processing quality, thereby promoting green and environmentally friendly production. Therefore, this study selects the wood moisture content, cutting speed, and feed speed during the Single Pass Crosscut process of Pinus kesiya as the preliminary experimental parameters. Based on the Transformer model, a cutting prediction model for Pinus kesiya is established to predict three cutting performance indicators: cutting power consumption, surface roughness, and cutting noise. Meanwhile, Bayesian optimization was used to search for the optimal parameter combination within the specified cutting process parameter ranges that minimizes the objective function for these cutting performance indicators. Finally, experimental verification based on the optimal parameter combination shows that the average coefficient of determination for the cutting performance indicators is 0.937, the average mean squared error is 0.076, and the average mean absolute error is 0.186, indicating good agreement between the predicted and measured values.
Evaluation of Three Algorithms and Forest Fire Risk Prediction in Zhejiang Province of China
Authors: Bian Rong , Chen Keji , Li Guoqiang , Wang Zhengyong , Qiu Yilin , Bai Hua , Kong Wangying
Published: December 2024

Forest fires represent a paramount natural disaster of global concern. Zhejiang Province has the highest forest coverage rate in China, and forest fires are one of the main natural disasters impacting forest management in the region. In this study, we comprehensively analyzed the spatiotemporal distribution of forest fires based on the MODIS data from 2013 to 2023. The results showed that the annual incidence of forest fires in Zhejiang Province has shown an overall downward trend from 2013 to 2023, with forest fires occurring more frequently in winter and spring. By utilizing eight contributing factors of forest fire occurrence as variables, three models were constructed: Logistic Regression (LR), Random Forest (RF), and eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost). The RF and XGBoost models demonstrated high predictive ability, achieving accuracy rates of 0.85 and 0.92, f1-score of 0.84 and 0.92, and AUC values of 0.892 and 0.919, respectively. Further analysis using the RF and XGBoost models revealed that elevation and precipitation had the most significant effects on the occurrence of forest fires. Additionally, the predictions of forest fire risk generated by the RF and XGBoost models indicated that the incidence rate is high in the southern part of Zhejiang Province, particularly in the Wenzhou and Lishui areas, as well as in the southwest of the Hangzhou area and the north of the Quzhou area. In the future, the forest fire risk in this area can be predicted using site factors with the RF and XGBoost models, providing a scientific reference for forest management in Zhejiang Province and aiding in the prevention and mitigation of the impacts of forest fires.
Challenges and Opportunities in Recycling Upholstery Textiles: Enhancing High-Density Fiberboards with Recycled Fibers
Authors: Wojciechowska Matylda , Kowaluk Grzegorz
Published: December 2024

Recycling upholstery textiles is challenging due to the complexity of materials, which often include a mix of fabrics, foams, and adhesives that are difficult to separate. The intricate designs and layers in upholstered furniture make it labor-intensive and costly to dismantle for recycling. Additionally, contaminants like stains, finishes, and flame retardants complicate recycling. Despite these difficulties, recycling upholstery textiles is crucial to reducing landfill waste and conserving resources by reusing valuable materials. It also helps mitigate environmental pollution and carbon emissions associated with producing new textiles from virgin resources. The presented research aimed to establish the feasibility of incorporating textile fibers from waste artificial leather fibers from the upholstery furniture industry into the structure of high-density fiberboards. The bulk density of samples with wood fiber was 28.30 kg m−3, while it was 25.77 kg m−3 for textile fiber samples. The lowest modulus of elasticity (MOE) was 2430 N mm−2, and it was 3123 N mm−2 for the reference sample. The highest bending strength (MOR) was 42 N mm−2, and the lowest was 27.2 N mm−2. Screw withdrawal resistance decreased from 162 N mm−1 in the reference sample to 92 N mm−1 with 25% artificial leather fibers. The internal bond (IB) strength ranged from 1.70 N mm−2 (reference) to 0.70 N mm−2 (25% of artificial leather fibers content). Water absorption ranged from 81.8% (1% of artificial leather fibers) to 66% (25% of artificial leather fibers content). It has been concluded that it is possible to meet the European standard requirements with 10% addition of the artificial leather fiber content. This approach positively contributes to carbon capture and storage (CCS) policy and mitigates the problem of such waste being sent to landfills. The research shows that while selected mechanical and physical parameters of the panels decrease with a rising content of recycled textile fibers, it is possible to meet proper European standard requirements by adjusting technological parameters such as nominal density.
Impact of Micro- and Nanocellulose Coating on Properties of Wool Fabric by Using Solution Blow Spinning
Authors: Zhang Yi , Haque Abu Naser Md Ahsanul , Naebe Maryam
Published: December 2024

This study investigates the impact of micro- and nanocellulose coatings on the properties of wool fabrics using the solution blow spinning technique. The objective is to assess how varying cellulose sizes influence key fabric attributes, including physical properties, UV-shielding ability, air permeability and water vapour permeability, with a focus on their practical applications. Coating with microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) was found to increase the air permeability of fabric significantly, whereas coating with cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) enhanced water vapour permeability and reduced pore size. The air permeability could relate to the breathability, and water vapour permeability could relate to the comfortability. Coated fabric with both sizes of cellulose could have different applications, like pollen filtration and printable cloth, and further functionality could be achieved by modifying the cellulose structure. This research establishes a platform for the effective application of cellulose coatings on wool fabric, offering promising advancements for textile performance and sustainability.
Advanced Structural Technologies Implementation in Designing and Constructing RC Elements with C-FRP Bars, Protected Through SHM Assessment
Authors: Angeli Georgia M. , Naoum Maria C. , Papadopoulos Nikos A. , Kosmidou Parthena-Maria K. , Sapidis George M. , Karayannis Chris G. , Chalioris Constantin E.
Published: December 2024

The need to strengthen the existing reinforced concrete (RC) elements is becoming increasingly crucial for modern cities as they strive to develop resilient and sustainable structures and infrastructures. In recent years, various solutions have been proposed to limit the undesirable effects of corrosion in RC elements. While C-FRP has shown promise in corrosion-prone environments, its use in structural applications is limited by cost, bonding, and anchorage challenges with concrete. To address these, the present research investigates the structural performance of RC beams reinforced with C-FRP bars under static loading using Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) with an Electro-Mechanical Impedance (EMI) system employing Lead Zirconate Titanate (PZT) piezoelectric transducers which are applied to detect damage development and enhance the protection of RC elements and overall, RC structures. This study underscores the potential of C-FRP bars for durable tensile reinforcement in RC structures, particularly in hybrid designs that leverage steel for compression strength. The study focuses on critical factors such as stiffness, maximum load capacity, deflection at each loading stage, and the development of crack widths, all analyzed through voltage responses recorded by the PZT sensors. Particular emphasis is placed on the bond conditions and anchorage lengths of the tensile C-FRP bars, exploring how local confinement conditions along the anchorage length influence the overall behavior of the beams.
Skin Function Improvement and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Goat Meat Extract
Authors: Bae In-Seon , Hoa Van-Ba , Lee Jeong-Ah , Park Won-Seo , Kim Dong-Gyun , Kim Hyoun-Wook , Seong Pil-Nam , Ham Jun-Sang
Published: December 2024

Chronic skin conditions, such as atopic dermatitis, are characterized by a weakened skin barrier and persistent inflammation. Traditional treatments can frequently cause substantial side effects, emphasizing the need for safer alternatives. This study investigated the anti-inflammatory properties of goat meat extract and its effects on improving skin function. We conducted wound healing assays using HaCaT cells and analyzed the expression of key skin barrier-related genes. Additionally, the anti-inflammatory effects of goat meat extract were assessed in HaCaT cells stimulated with TNFα and IFNγ, as well as in LPS-treated RAW264.7 cells. Mechanistic studies focused on the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways. The results showed that goat meat extract significantly promoted wound closure in HaCaT cells and upregulated the expression of filaggrin, loricrin, and involucrin. The extract also reduced the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines in both HaCaT and RAW264.7 cells. Furthermore, it inhibited the activation of the JNK, p38, and ERK pathways in TNFα/IFNγ-stimulated HaCaT cells. These findings suggest that goat meat extract improves skin barrier function and exhibits anti-inflammatory effects, indicating its potential as a therapeutic agent for chronic skin. Further research is required to investigate the in vivo effects of goat meat extract and validate its therapeutic potential.
Coffee Silverskin as a Potential Ingredient for Functional Foods: Recent Advances and a Case Study with Chocolate Cake
Authors: Franca Adriana S. , Basílio Emiliana P. , Resende Laís M. , Fante Camila A. , Oliveira Leandro S.
Published: December 2024

Coffee silverskin (CS) is a by-product of the coffee roasting process that is known for its potential as a fiber source with antioxidant properties. Therefore, this study aimed to provide an overview of the latest research on CS as a potential ingredient for functional foods and to evaluate the effect of adding different amounts of CS on the functional and sensory attributes of chocolate cakes. The addition of CS increased the total dietary fiber content, antioxidant capacity and the contents of extractable and non-extractable phenolics in the cakes. The evaluated sensory attributes were color, smell, taste, texture and overall impression, and they were evaluated according to a 9-point hedonic scale. Internal preference maps were obtained based on the results from acceptance and “intention to buy” tests. In general, the cakes with lower coffee silverskin content (2.6% and 3.6%) had a similar level of acceptance and the cake with 4.6% coffee silverskin content was the least accepted. The most important attributes were taste and overall impression, corresponding to “like slightly” and “like moderately” for the cakes that had better acceptance. Nonetheless, even with the lowest amount of added CS (2.6%), the produced cakes could be regarded as antioxidant fiber sources (with fiber content above 3 g/100 g), thus confirming the potential of CS as a functional food additive.
Effectiveness of a Nurse-Led Telecare Programme in the Postoperative Follow-Up of Bariatric Surgery Patients: A Quasi-Experimental Study
Authors: Maqueda-Martínez María de los Ángeles , Ferrer-Márquez Manuel , García-Redondo Manuel , Rubio-Gil Francisco , Reina-Duarte Ángel , Granero-Molina José , Correa-Casado Matías , Chica-Pérez Anabel
Published: December 2024

Background/Objectives: Obesity is a growing public health challenge due to its high prevalence and associated comorbidities. Bariatric surgery is the most effective treatment for achieving sustained weight reduction when more conservative treatments have failed. This study evaluates the impact of a nurse-led telecare follow-up programme in the immediate postoperative period for patients who have undergone bariatric surgery. Methods: A quasi-experimental study was carried out in two hospitals in southern Spain. We included 161 patients who met the inclusion criteria: a body mass index (BMI) ≥ 40 kg/m2 or a BMI ≥ 35 kg/m2 with associated comorbidities, and the failure of non-surgical treatments. Patients were divided into two groups: the intervention group (IG), which received follow-up telephone calls from a specialised nurse during the first 30 days post-surgery, and the control group (CG), which received standard care. The nurse, who was available 24 h a day, answered questions and dealt with queries over the phone or referred patients to the emergency department if necessary. Several variables were recorded, including the number of telephone consultations, reasons for consultation, number of emergency visits, readmissions, and surgical reinterventions. Results and Conclusions: The IG showed a significant reduction in ED visits (4.9% vs. 30% in CG), and consultations were mainly related to diet and drainage. The nurse telecare intervention significantly improved postoperative recovery by reducing complications and optimising the safety and quality of postoperative care. These results reinforce the importance of personalised follow-up in improving clinical outcomes in bariatric patients.
Phubbing in Students: New Evidence for a Spanish Short Form of the Phubbing Scale (PS-6)
Authors: Ortuño-Sierra Javier , Navaridas-Nalda Fermín , Mason Oliver , Ciarreta-López Ana , Barbed-Castrejón Noelia
Published: December 2024

Background: Phubbing—the act of snubbing someone by concentrating on a smartphone—is claimed to be an increasing, even normative, behavior receiving more research attention. However, evidence about the adequacy of instruments that allow screening for phubbing is limited. Objectives: Thus, the main purpose of the present study was to analyze the psychometric properties of the Phubbing scale in a sample of adolescents and young adults and present a reliable and valid short form. Methods: The final sample included a total of 1351 adolescent students (54.25% males), aged between 12 and 21. The study used a self-administered questionnaire with different scales for collecting data. Results: A two-dimensional model of a short version of the PS with 6 items (PS-6) displayed appropriate goodness-of-fit indices. Strong measurement invariance for the two-dimensional model across gender and educational levels was confirmed. McDonald’s Omega coefficients for the Communication, the Obsession, and the Total score of the PS-6 were 0.617, 0.669, and 0.701, respectively. The PS-6 was positively associated with several indicators of psychological difficulties and negatively associated with psychological well-being and self-esteem. Conclusions: The present study contributes valuable information about the psychometric adequacy of the PS-6, a short instrument that allows screening for Phubbing in adolescents and young adults.
Incorporation of a Comorbidity Index in Treatment Decisions for Elderly AML Patients Can Lead to Better Disease Management—A Single-Center Experience
Authors: Negotei Cristina , Mitu Iuliana , Angelescu Silvana , Gradinaru Florentina , Mambet Cristina , Stanca Oana , Lapadat Mihai-Emilian , Barta Cristian , Halcu Georgian , Saguna Carmen , Arghir Aurora , Papuc Mihaela Sorina , Turbatu Andrei , Berbec Nicoleta Mariana , Colita Andrei
Published: December 2024

Introduction: Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a form of cancer originating from precursor cells within the bone marrow. Elderly patients with acute leukemia require a personalized approach, considering age, performance status, and comorbidities, to determine suitability for intensive treatment. Methods: We studied the results of intense chemotherapy in 46 elderly, fit individuals with AML at a cancer center in Romania from January 2017 to December 2023. Results: The study involved a cohort of 46 patients, including 22 men and 24 women. The research indicated that 89.1% of the patients were diagnosed with de novo acute leukemia. Most patients had an ECOG score of 0–1, with one patient scoring ≥2. HCT-CI > 4 was found in 21 patients (45.7%), while CCI > 4 was present in 38 patients (82.6%). After the induction phase, 25 patients (54.3%) achieved complete remission (CR); the relapse rate was 56.8%. Upon completion of the study, nine individuals (19.6%) were still alive. The overall survival duration ranged from 0 to 33 months, with a median survival time of 8 months (CI 5.0–11.0). Conclusions: When considering treatment options for elderly patients, the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) Performance Status, as well as comorbidity indices such as the Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation-Specific Comorbidity Index (HCT-CI) and the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI), have shown promising results in the literature, indicating their relevance in the decision-making process.
Consumption of Meat in Brazil: A Perspective on Social Inequalities and Food and Nutrition Security
Authors: Bonfim Samantha Marques Vasconcelos , Leite Marhya Júlia Silva , Camusso Isabela Gonçalves , Marchioni Dirce Maria Lobo , Carvalho Aline Martins
Published: December 2024

The EAT–Lancet “Planetary Health Diet” (PHD) proposes dietary recommendations to address health and environmental concerns, including reducing meat consumption. However, in Brazil, where meat holds cultural significance, the feasibility of these recommendations is questionable. This study aimed to examine meat consumption across the five Brazilian regions through the lens of the PHD, considering regionalisms and social inequalities. Using data from the 2017–2018 Household Budget Survey (POF), we estimated meat consumption. A multiple logistic regression analysis was employed to assess the association between excessive meat consumption and sociodemographic factors, such as region of the country, sex, per capita income profile, and level of Food and Nutrition Security (FNS). Our results reveal that meat consumption exceeds recommendations in all Brazilian regions. To effectively promote healthier and more sustainable diets, public health interventions must consider regional disparities and the cultural significance of meat. Policies should prioritize food justice and address the underlying social and economic factors that drive meat consumption.
The Coupling Coordination Relationship Between Urbanization and the Eco-Environment in Resource-Based Cities, Loess Plateau, China
Authors: Kang Shuaizhi , Jia Xia , Zhao Yonghua , Luo Manya , Wang Huanyuan , Zhao Ming
Published: December 2024

Resource-based cities face numerous sustainability challenges, making the coupled and coordinated relationship between urbanization and the eco-environment critical for sustainable development strategies. The Loess Plateau is an essential energy base and ecologically fragile area in China, holding unique and significant research value. This research employed the Remote Sensing Ecological Index (RSEI) and the Compound Night Light Index (CNLI), based on MODIS and night light data, to investigate the socio-economic development and eco-environmental changes across 25 resource-based cities on the Loess Plateau (LP) in China over the past 20 years. The Coupling Coordination Degree Model (CCDM) and Multi-Scale Geographically Weighted Regression (MGWR) were utilized to assess the relationship between urbanization and ecological factors. The average RSEI values for these cities ranged from 0.4524 to 0.4892 over the 20 years, reflecting an upward trend with a growth rate of 8.13%. Simultaneously, the average CNLI values ranged from 1.5700 to 6.0864, with a change of 4.5164. Over the past two decades, all cities in the study area experienced rapid urbanization and ecological development. The correlation between urbanization and ecological factors strengthened, alongside an increasing spatial heterogeneity. While the coupling coordination relationship in most cities showed improvement, many remained within the low to middle grades. These findings enhance the understanding of the intricate relationships between urbanization and ecology, offering valuable insights for policy-making aimed at creating sustainable and livable resource-based cities.