bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Spatial Distribution and Species Association of Dominant Tree Species in Huangguan Plot of Qinling Mountains, China
Authors: He Chunmei , Jia Shihong , Luo Ying , Hao Zhanqing , Yin Qiulong
Published: May 2022

The spatial distribution pattern and population structure of trees are shaped by multiple processes, such as species characteristics, environmental factors, and intraspecific and interspecific interactions. Studying the spatial distribution patterns of species, species associations, and their relationships with environmental factors is conducive to uncovering the mechanisms of biodiversity maintenance and exploring the underlying ecological processes of community stability and succession. This study was conducted in a 25-ha Qinling Huangguan forest (warm-temperate, deciduous, broad-leaved) dynamic monitoring plot. We used univariate and bivariate g(r) functions of the point pattern analysis method to evaluate the spatial distribution patterns of dominant tree species within the community, and the intra- and interspecific associations among different life-history stages. Complete spatial randomness and heterogeneous Poisson were used to reveal the potential process of community construction. We also used Berman’s test to determine the effect of three topographic variables on the distribution of dominant species. The results indicated that all dominant species in this community showed small-scale aggregation distribution. When we excluded the influence of environmental heterogeneity, the degree of aggregation distribution of each dominant species tended to decrease, and the trees mainly showed random or uniform distribution. This showed that environmental heterogeneity significantly affects the spatial distribution of tree species. Dominant species mainly showed positive associations with one another among different life-history stages, while negative associations prevailed among different tree species. Furthermore, we found that the associations between species were characterized by interspecific competition. Berman’s test results under the assumption of complete spatial randomness showed that the distribution of each dominant species was mainly affected by slope and convexity.
The Elemental Fingerprints of Different Types of Whisky as Determined by ICP-OES and ICP-MS Techniques in Relation to Their Type, Age, and Origin
Authors: Gajek Magdalena , Pawlaczyk Aleksandra , Jóźwik Krzysztof , Szynkowska-Jóźwik Małgorzata Iwona
Published: May 2022

A total of 170 samples of whisky from 11 countries were analysed in terms of their elemental profiles. The levels of 31 elements were determined by Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS): Ag, Al, B, Ba, Be, Bi, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Li, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Sb, Sn, Sr, Te, Tl, U, and V, Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP-OES) Ca, Fe, K, Mg, P, S, Ti, and Zn and Cold Vapor-Atomic Absorption (CV-AAS): Hg techniques in those alcoholic samples. A comparative analysis of elemental profiles was made on the basis of the content of chosen elements with regard to selected parameters: country of origin, type of whisky (single malt and blended) and age of products. One of the elements which clearly distinguishes single malt and blended types of whisky is copper. Single malt Scotch whisky had a uniform concentration of copper, which is significantly higher for all malt whisky samples when compared with the blended type. Analysis of samples from the USA (n = 26) and Ireland (n = 15) clearly revealed that the objects represented by the same product but originating from independent bottles (e.g., JB, JDG, BUS brands) show common elemental profiles. On the other hand, comparative analysis of Scotch whisky with respect to aging time revealed that the longer the alcohol was aged, (i.e., the longer it stayed in the barrel), the higher the content of Cu and Mn that was recorded.
Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Red Rice Bran Extract Ameliorate Type I Interferon Production via STING Pathway
Authors: Onsa-Ard Amnart , Thongboontho Rungthip , Munkong Narongsuk , Phromnoi Kanokkarn , Ontawong Atcharaporn , Pengnet Sirinat , Thim-Uam Arthid
Published: May 2022

Type I interferons (IFNs-I) are inflammatory cytokines that play an essential role in the pathogenesis of inflammation and autoimmune diseases. Signaling through nucleic acid sensors causes the production of IFNs-I. A stimulator of interferon genes (STING) is a DNA sensor that signals transduction, leading to the production of IFNs-I after their activation. This study aims to determine the anti-inflammatory effects of red rice bran extract (RRBE) on macrophages through the activation of STING signaling. RAW264.7 macrophage cells were stimulated with STING agonist (DMXAA) with and without RRBE. Cells and supernatant were collected. The level of mRNA expression was determined by qPCR, and inflammatory cytokine production was investigated by ELISA. The results indicate that RRBE significantly lowers the transcription of STING and interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs). Moreover, RRBE suppresses the phosphorylation of STING, leading to a decrease in the expression of Irf3, a transcription factor that initiates IFN-I signaling. Our results provide evidence that red rice bran extract may be a protective compound for inflammatory diseases by targeting STING signaling.
Effection of Lactic Acid Dissociation on Swelling-Based Short-Chain Fatty Acid Vesicles Nano-Delivery
Authors: Chen Lichun , Zhao Huimin , Xue Songwen , Chen Kexian , Zhang Yue
Published: May 2022

Functionalized small-molecule assemblies can exhibit nano-delivery properties that significantly improve the bioavailability of bioactive molecules. This study explored the self-assembly of short-chain fatty acids (FA, Cn < 8) to form novel biomimetic nanovesicles as delivery systems. Lactic acid is involved in the regulation of multiple signaling pathways in cancer metabolism, and the dissociation of lactic acid (LA) is used to regulate the delivery effect of short-chain fatty acid vesicles. The study showed that the dissociation of lactic acid caused pH changes in the solution environment inducing hydrogen ion permeability leading to rapid osmotic expansion and shape transformation of FA vesicles. The intrinsic features of FA vesicle formation in the LA environment accompanied by hydrogen ion fluctuations, and the appearance of nearly spherical vesicles were investigated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). Compared with the vesicle membrane built by surfactants, the FA/LA composite system showed higher permeability and led to better membrane stability and rigidity. Finally, membrane potential studies with the IEC cell model demonstrate that lactate dissociation capacity can effectively increase the cellular adsorption of FA vesicles. Altogether, these results prove that FA vesicles can function as a stand-alone delivery system and also serve as potential development strategies for applications in a lactate environment.
Characterization and Discrimination of Apples by Flash GC E-Nose: Geographical Regions and Botanical Origins Studies in China
Authors: Wu Xinye , Fauconnier Marie-Laure , Bi Jinfeng
Published: May 2022

Forty-one apple samples from 7 geographical regions and 3 botanical origins in China were investigated. A total of 29 volatile compounds have been identified by flash GC E-nose. They are 17 esters, 5 alcohols, 3 aldehydes, 1 ketone, and 3 others. A principal component analysis was employed to study the relationship between varieties and volatiles. A partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA), stepwise linear discriminant analysis (SLDA), and decision tree (DT) are used to discriminate apples from 4 geographical regions (34 apple samples) and 3 botanical origins (36 apple samples). The most influential markers identified by PLS-DA are 2-hexadecanone, methyl decanoate, tetradecanal, 1,8-cineole, hexyl 2-butenoate, (Z)-2-octenal, methyl 2-methylbutanoate, ethyl butyrate, dimethyl trisulfide, methyl formate, ethanol, S(-)2-methyl-1-butanol, ethyl acetate, pentyl acetate, butyl butanoate, butyl acetate, and ethyl octanoate. From the present work, SLDA reveals the best discrimination results in geographical regions and botanical origins, which are 88.2% and 88.9%, respectively. Although machine learning DT is attempted to classify apple samples, the results are not satisfactory.
On the Impact of an Intermediary Agent in the Ultimatum Game
Authors: Haruvy Ernan , Roth Yefim
Published: May 2022

Delegating bargaining to an intermediary agent is common practice in many situations. The proposer, while not actively bargaining, sets constraints on the intermediary agent’s offer. We study ultimatum games where proposers delegate bargaining to an intermediary agent by setting boundaries on either end of the offer. We find that after accounting for censoring, intermediaries treat these boundaries similarly to a nonbinding proposer suggestion. Specifically, we benchmark on a nonbinding setting where the proposer simply states the offer they would like to have made. We find that specifying a constraint on the intermediary has the same effect as the benchmark suggestion once censoring is accounted for. That is, giving an agent a price ceiling or price floor is treated, by the agent, the same as expressing a direct price wish, as long as the constraint is not binding. We discuss the implications of these findings in terms of the importance of communication and the role of constraints in bargaining with intermediaries.
Inter-Specific Genetic Exchange Despite Strong Divergence in Deep-Sea Hydrothermal Vent Gastropods of the Genus Alviniconcha
Authors: Castel Jade , Hourdez Stéphane , Pradillon Florence , Daguin-Thiébaut Claire , Ballenghien Marion , Ruault Stéphanie , Corre Erwan , Tran Lu Y Adrien , Mary Jean , Gagnaire Pierre-Alexandre , Bonhomme François , Breusing Corinna , Broquet Thomas , Jollivet Didier
Published: May 2022

Deep hydrothermal vents are highly fragmented and unstable habitats at all temporal and spatial scales. Such environmental dynamics likely play a non-negligible role in speciation. Little is, however, known about the evolutionary processes that drive population-level differentiation and vent species isolation and, more specifically, how geography and habitat specialisation interplay in the species history of divergence. In this study, the species range and divergence of Alviniconcha snails that occupy active Western Pacific vent fields was assessed by using sequence variation data of the mitochondrial Cox1 gene, RNAseq, and ddRAD-seq. Combining morphological description and sequence datasets of the three species across five basins, we confirmed that A. kojimai, A. boucheti, and A. strummeri, while partially overlapping over their range, display high levels of divergence in the three genomic compartments analysed that usually encompass values retrieved for reproductively isolated species with divergences rang from 9% to 12.5% (mtDNA) and from 2% to 3.1% (nuDNA). Moreover, the three species can be distinguished on the basis of their external morphology by observing the distribution of bristles and the shape of the columella. According to this sampling, A. boucheti and A. kojimai form an east-to-west species abundance gradient, whereas A. strummeri is restricted to the Futuna Arc/Lau and North Fiji Basins. Surprisingly, population models with both gene flow and population size heterogeneities among genomes indicated that these three species are still able to exchange genes due to secondary contacts at some localities after a long period of isolation.
Contribution of Land Cover Conversions to Connecticut (USA) Carbon Footprint
Authors: Mikhailova Elena A. , Lin Lili , Hao Zhenbang , Zurqani Hamdi A. , Post Christopher J. , Schlautman Mark A. , Post Gregory C.
Published: May 2022

Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from landcover conversions contribute to the total carbon (C) footprint (CF), which is the sum of GHG emissions from various sources and events expressed as carbon dioxide (CO2) equivalent. Soil-based emissions from land conversions are often excluded from the total CF, which can lead to underreporting the CF. This study uses the state of Connecticut (CT) as a case study to demonstrate the importance of soil-based emissions from land cover conversions to the state’s CF. The state of CT Public Act 08-98 (2008): Global Warming Solutions Act (GWSA) set a statutory requirement to cut GHG emissions 10 percent below 1990 levels by 2020 and 80 percent below 2001 levels by 2050 without considering soil-based emissions from land conversions. This omission results in underestimates of past and current emissions related to CT’s CF. In addition, not accounting for soil-based emissions from land conversions may increase the future size of CT’s CF. Remote sensing and soil data analysis provide an opportunity for rapid, quantitative, and temporal assessment of the contribution of land cover conversions to CT’s CF by soil type, land cover type, and administrative units (counties). Results are reported for soil organic carbon (SOC), soil inorganic carbon (SIC), and total soil carbon (TSC) based on C contents and monetary values of social costs of carbon. The state of CT experienced soil-based emissions from land cover conversions from 2001 to 2016 with $388.1M (where $ = USD, M = million = 106) worth of “realized” social costs of carbon dioxide (SC-CO2) emissions which should be accounted for in CT’s total CF. The current methodology could be used to optimize future land conversions to minimize the amount of soil GHG emissions by considering the soil C resources in different development scenarios. With an extensive, densely populated coastal area, CT will be directly affected by rising sea levels and other climate change impacts. Future research can focus on owner-specific CF contributions to address the responsibility for costs of GHG emissions as well as limiting the CF impact of land conversions.
Constraining the Timing of Evolution of Shear Zones in Two Collisional Orogens: Fusing Structural Geology and Geochronology
Authors: Carosi Rodolfo , Montomoli Chiara , Iaccarino Salvatore , Benetti Beatriz , Petroccia Alessandro , Simonetti Matteo
Published: May 2022

In recent decades, constraining the timing of shear activity has been one of the main topics of research about the tectono-metamorphic evolution of orogenic belts. We present a review of a combined structural and geochronological approach to two major ductile regional shear zones, in two collisional orogens: the first one affecting the Variscan basement in northern Sardinia (Italy) and the External Crystalline Massifs of the Alps (East Variscan Shear Zone; EVSZ), and the second one deforming the medium- to high-grade rocks of the metamorphic core of the Himalaya (High Himalayan Discontinuity). High-resolution, texturally and chemically controlled monazite geochronology applied in separated shear zones of the Variscan belt allowed recognizing a similar timing of activity ranging between c. 340–330 and 300 Ma. This approach led to a better understanding of the evolution of the EVSZ, supporting a model where several branches were active according to a growth by linkage model. Following a similar approach, in situ U-Th-Pb analysis of monazite constrained the timing of top-to-the-S/SW shearing of a regional-scale High Himalayan Discontinuity in the Himalayan belt to between c. 28 Ma and 17 Ma. Earlier exhumation of the hanging wall was triggered by shear zone activity, whereas at the same time, the footwall was still experiencing burial with increasing P-T conditions. The timing of shearing of this shear zone fits with an in-sequence shearing tectonic model for the exhumation of the Himalayan mid-crust.
Independent and Combined Associations between Physical Activity and Sedentary Time with Sleep Quality among Chinese College Students
Authors: Li Dan , Li Xianxiong
Published: May 2022

Objective: To investigate the independent and combined associations between physical activity and sedentary time with sleep quality among Chinese college students. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among Chinese college students (N = 2347; M age = 20 years; 67.1% students were female). We used the International Physical Activity Questionnaire—Short Form, the Adolescent Sedentary Activity Questionnaire, and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index to assess the subjects’ physical activity level, sedentary time, and sleep quality, respectively. Analyses were conducted using a multivariate logistic regression model. Result: Of the total participants, 48.6% had poor sleep quality and 10% were at low physical activity levels, and the mean (±SD) sedentary time was 5.33 ± 2.34 h/day. No significant association was found between physical activity and sleep quality (OR = 1.27, 95% CI: 0.95~1.70) among Chinese college students after adjustment for potential confounders. Sedentary time was significantly positively associated with poor sleep quality (OR = 1.37, 95% CI: 1.14~1.65). The risks for those with a low physical activity level and high sedentary time, and a moderate physical activity level and high sedentary time were 2.78 (OR = 2.78, 95% CI: 1.61~4.80) and 1.49 (OR = 1.49, 95% CI: 1.13~1.95) times higher, respectively, than those with a high physical activity level and low sedentary time. Conclusion: Among Chinese college students, high sedentary time was significantly negatively associated with sleep quality. A low physical activity level was insignificantly associated with sleep quality. A moderate physical activity level and high sedentary time, and a low physical activity level and high sedentary time were interactively associated with increased risks of poor sleep quality, respectively.
Community-Based Control of Malaria Vectors Using Bacillus thuringiensis var. Israelensis (Bti) in Rwanda
Authors: Hakizimana Emmanuel , Ingabire Chantal Marie , Rulisa Alexis , Kateera Fredrick , van den Borne Bart , Muvunyi Claude Mambo , van Vugt Michele , Mutesa Leon , Bron Gebbiena M. , Takken Willem , Koenraadt Constantianus J. M.
Published: May 2022

Larval source management (LSM) programs for control of malaria vectors are often vertically organized, while there is much potential for involving local communities in program implementation. To address this, we evaluated the entomological impact of community-based application of Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis (Bti) in a rice irrigation scheme in Ruhuha, Rwanda. A non-randomized trial with control compared a Bti implementation program that was supervised by the project team (ES) with a program that was led and carried out by local rice farming communities (CB). One other area served as a control to assess mosquito populations without Bti application. Entomological surveys were carried out every two weeks and assessed the presence and abundance of the larval, pupal, and adult stages of Anopheles mosquitoes. In ES, the per round reduction in Anopheles larval habitats was estimated at 49%. This reduction was less in CB (28%) and control (22%) although the per round reduction in CB was still significantly higher than in control. Pupal production was almost completely prevented from round 5 (out of 10) onwards in both CB (average habitat occupancy 0.43%) and ES intervention arms (average habitat occupancy 0.27%), whereas pupal occupancy rates were on average 12.8% from round 5 onwards in the control. Emergence of adult mosquitoes from rice fields was thus prevented although this was not directly noticeable in adult An. gambiae populations in houses nearby the rice fields. Together with our earlier work on the willingness to financially contribute to the LSM program and the high perceived safety and acceptance of the Bti product, the current study demonstrates that, in an environment with limited resources, communities could become more engaged in LSM program implementation and contribute directly to malaria vector control in their environment.
Ammonia Emissions from NPK Fertilizer Production Plants: Emission Characteristics and Emission Factor Estimation
Authors: Kang Seongmin , Kim Goeun , Roh Joonyoung , Jeon Eui-chan
Published: May 2022

Fertilizers are made from manure, but they are also produced through chemical processes. Fertilizer is an ammonia emission source; it releases ammonia when used. Ammonia is also emitted during the production process. Although many studies related to fertilizer application have been conducted, there are few research cases related to the production process and related emissions are not calculated. In this study, the ammonia emissions from NPK (nitrogen phosphorus Potassium oxide) fertilizer production facilities were checked through actual measurement and related characteristics were analyzed. In addition, emission factors were developed, and the necessity of developing emission factors was also confirmed. As a result of the development of the emission factor, it was found to be 0.001 kgNH3/ton, which is like the range of emission factors in related fields. The NPK ammonia emission factor of this study was found to be higher than the minimum emission factor currently applied in South Korea, and it was judged to be a level that can be used as an emission factor.
The Role of Resilience, Happiness, and Social Support in the Psychological Function during the Late Stages of the Lockdown in Individuals with and without Chronic Pain
Authors: Miró Jordi , Sánchez-Rodríguez Elisabet , Nolla M. Carme , Costa Rui M. , Pais-Ribeiro J. , Ferreira-Valente Alexandra
Published: May 2022

There is mounting evidence to suggest that individuals with chronic pain adjusted poorly to and were impacted negatively by social distancing measures during the lockdown. However, there is limited data on the factors that might protect against the negative effects associated with social distancing measures, as most research has been conducted in the general population and in the initial stages of the lockdown. The aim of this study was to improve the understanding of the role that resilience, happiness, and social support, all factors that are thought to have a protective role, played in the psychological function (measured as anxiety, depression, and stress) to the social distancing measures during the late stages of the lockdown in a sample of adults with and without chronic pain living in Spain. A group of 434 adults responded to an online survey and provided information on sociodemographic issues, which included measures of pain, perceived health and quality of life, depression, anxiety, stress, resilience, happiness, and social support. The data showed that individuals with chronic pain (N = 200; 46%) reported statistically significant worst psychological function, that is to say, they reported higher levels of anxiety, depression, and stress (all ps < 0.001). Resilience, social support, and happiness proved to be significant predictors of anxiety, depression, and stress, after controlling for the effects of age, gender, and chronic pain. Although the effect sizes were small to medium, they are consistent with the findings of other studies. The findings from this study provide important additional new information regarding the associations between resilience, happiness, and social support and the adjustment to the social distancing measures during the late stages of the lockdown. These findings can be used to develop programs to improve adjustment to and coping with the demands of social distancing measures.
Association of Peripheral Arterial Occlusive Disease and Deep Venous Thrombosis with Risk of Consequent Sepsis Event: A Retrospective Population-Based Cohort Study
Authors: Wang Bo-Yuan , Chou Ying-Hsiang , Chung Chi-Tzu , Yang Shun-Fa , Tzeng Shu-Ling , Wang Yu-Hsun , Chou Ming-Chih , Yeh Chao-Bin , Chan Chi-Ho
Published: May 2022

Peripheral artery occlusive disease (PAOD) and deep vein thrombosis (DVT) can cause a variety of acute and chronic vascular complications and put patients at risk of subsequent sepsis. This study aimed to determine whether DVT compared with PAOD patients would increase the risk of sepsis. This study recruited 43,535 patients newly diagnosed as having PAOD and 6932 patients who were newly diagnosed as having DVT from a population of 2 million patients from the Longitudinal Health Insurance Database. Propensity score matching (PSM) between the PAOD and DVT groups was performed for age, sex, comorbidities, and prior antibiotic administration. A total of 4383 patients with PAOD and 4383 patients with DVT were analyzed for risk of sepsis. The incidence density of sepsis per 1000 person years for patients with PAOD was 25.75 (95% CI = 23.90 to 27.74) and 35.61 (95% CI = 33.29 to 38.09) for patients with DVT. After age, sex, associated comorbidities, and antibiotic administration were adjusted for, the risk of sepsis for the DVT group was 1.46-fold (95% CI = 1.32–1.62) higher than that for the PAOD group. In conclusion, patients with DVT were associated with a higher risk of subsequent sepsis than patients with PAOD. Aging was another risk factor.
Memorials as Healing Places: A Matrix for Bridging Material Design and Visitor Experience
Authors: Wagoner Brady , Brescó Ignacio
Published: May 2022

Memorials are increasingly used to encourage people to reflect on the past and work through both individual and collective wounds. While much has been written on the history, architectural forms and controversies surrounding memorials, surprisingly little has been done to explore how visitors experience and appropriate them. This paper aims to analyze how different material aspects of memorial design help to create engaging experiences for visitors. It outlines a matrix of ten interconnected dimensions for comparison: (1) use of the vertical and horizontal axis, (2) figurative and abstract representation, (3) spatial immersion and separation, (4) mobility, (5) multisensory qualities, (6) reflective surfaces, (7) names, (8) place of burial, (9) accommodating ritual, and (10) location and surroundings. With this outline, the paper hopes to provide social scientists and practitioners (e.g., architects, planners, curators, facilitators, guides) with a set of key points for reflection on existing and future memorials and possibilities for enhancing visitor engagement with them.
Effect of Different Maxillary Oral Appliance Designs on Respiratory Variables during Sleep
Authors: Ye Min Soe Kay Thwe , Ishiyama Hiroyuki , Nishiyama Akira , Shimada Masahiko , Maeda Shigeru
Published: May 2022

This study aimed to analyze the efficacy of maxillary oral appliance (MOA) designs on respiratory variables during sleep. At baseline, 23 participants underwent a sleep test with a portable device for two nights and were categorized as participants with mild obstructive sleep apnea (mild-OSA) (n = 13) and without OSA (w/o-OSA) (n = 10). Three types of MOAs, standard-OA (S-OA), palatal covering-OA (PC-OA), and vertically increasing-OA (VI-OA), were each worn for three nights, and sleep tests with each MOA were performed with a portable device for two nights. Based on the average of the respiratory event index (REI) values for the two nights for each MOA, w/o-OSA participants with an REI ≥ 5.0 were defined as the exacerbation group and those with an REI < 5.0 as the non-exacerbation group. In mild-OSA participants, an REI ≥ 15.0 or REI ≥ baseline REI × 1.5 were defined as the exacerbation group and those with an REI < 15.0 and REI < baseline REI × 1.5 were defined as the non-exacerbation group. The percentage of the exacerbation and non-exacerbation groups with MOA was evaluated in the w/o-OSA and mild-OSA participants. The maxillary and mandibular dental-arch dimension was compared by dentition model analysis. The exacerbation group in w/o-OSA participants (n = 10) comprised 10.0% participants (n = 1) with S-OA, 40.0% (n = 4) with PC-OA, and 30.0% (n = 3) with VI-OA. The exacerbation group in the mild-OSA participants (n = 13) comprised 15.4% subjects (n = 2) with S-OA, 23.1% (n = 3) with PC-OA, and 23.1% (n = 3) in VI-OA. In the model analysis for w/o-OSA, the posterior dental arch width was significantly greater in the exacerbation group than in the non-exacerbation group wearing S-OA (p < 0.05). In addition, the ratio of the maxillary to mandibular dental arch width (anterior dental arch width) was significantly greater in the exacerbation group than in the non-exacerbation group for both PC-OA and VI-OA (p < 0.05). In mild-OSA, the maxillary and mandibular dental arch lengths and the ratio of maxillary to mandibular dental arch width (posterior dental arch width) were significantly smaller in the exacerbation group than in the non-exacerbation group for S-OA (p < 0.05). This study confirmed that wearing an MOA by w/o-OSA and mild-OSA participants may increase the REI during sleep and that PC-OA and VI-OA may increase the REI more than S-OA. The maxillary and mandibular dental-arch dimensions may affect the REI when using an MOA.
Long Working Hours Indirectly Affect Psychosomatic Stress Responses via Complete Mediation by Irregular Mealtimes and Shortened Sleep Duration: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Watanabe Tenshi , Masuya Jiro , Hashimoto Shogo , Honyashiki Mina , Ono Miki , Tamada Yu , Fujimura Yota , Inoue Takeshi , Shimura Akiyoshi
Published: May 2022

Background: Long working hours are detrimental to physical and mental health. However, the association between long working hours and psychosomatic symptoms have remained controversial, possibly because of the existence of mediators between working hours and psychosomatic stress responses. We hypothesized that lifestyle habits, regarding sleep and mealtimes, act as mediators, and analyzed the associations between long working hours, sleep duration, mealtime regularity, and psychosomatic stress responses in office workers. Methods: From April 2017 to March 2018, an online cross-sectional survey regarding overtime work hours, work-related stress, sleep, and eating habits was conducted with employees of 17 companies located in Tokyo, Japan. Answers were obtained from 3559 employees, and 3100 provided written consent for the academic use of their answers, and were included in the analysis. A path analysis was conducted to assess the effect of overtime work on psychosomatic stress via shortened sleep or irregular mealtimes. Results: Overtime work hours had no direct effect on psychosomatic stress responses and depressive symptoms. However, overtime work hours affected sleep duration and the regularity of mealtimes. The effects of overtime work hours on psychosomatic stress responses and depressive symptoms were completely mediated by sleep duration and the regularity of mealtimes. Conclusion: Long working hours do not affect mental health directly; however, shortened sleep duration and irregular mealtimes mediate the effect of long working hours on psychosomatic stress responses and depressive symptoms.
Changes in Accommodative and Binocular Function following Phakic Intraocular Lens for High and Low-to-Moderate Myopia
Authors: López-Artero Esther , Poyales Francisco , Garzón Nuria , Matamoros Alicia , Sáez Alba , Zhou Ying , García-Montero María
Published: May 2022

The aim was to evaluate accommodative and binocular function of phakic intraocular lens implantable collamer lens (ICL) in high and low-to-moderate myopia. Prospective comparative cohort study with 38 myopic patients who underwent ICL implantation were divided into two groups of 19 patients, each one based on the spherical equivalent (SE): high-power (SE ≤ −6 D) and low-to-moderate (SE > −6 D). The push-up amplitude of accommodation (AA), monocular accommodative facility (MAF), distance and near ocular deviation, near convergence amplitude, near point convergence (NPC), stereopsis, and accommodative convergence/accommodation (AC/A) ratio were assessed before surgery and 1 week and 1 month postoperatively. The mean residual refractive error at 1 month after surgery improved in both groups, 0.18 ± 0.34 D and 0.09 ± 0.26 D, respectively (p < 0.001). There was a significant decrease in AA in both groups between preoperatively and at 1-week (p = 0.001; p = 0.008, respectively) and 1-month follow-up (p = 0.001; p = 0.008). For the rest of the binocular measurements, no statistically significant postoperative changes were found in any group. This finding suggests follow-up studies on amplitude of accommodation in phakic intraocular lens ICL implantation.
Assessing Excoriation (Skin-Picking) Disorder: Clinical Recommendations and Preliminary Examination of a Comprehensive Interview
Authors: Snorrason Ivar , Lee Han-Joo
Published: May 2022

Excoriation (skin-picking) disorder (SPD) is a psychiatric condition with variable clinical presentation. We developed the Diagnostic Interview for Skin Picking Problems (DISP), a semi-structured interview designed to assess (1) DSM-5 criteria for SPD and (2) several clinical features of SPD, including the frequency and duration of picking episodes, and the proportion of time devoted to picking at different body areas. The DISP was administered along with other measures to 120 college students (88% women, average age = 22 years) with suspected skin picking problems (based on their responses to a screening survey). The results showed that the DISP had good inter-rater reliability, test–retest reliability over 1–5 months, and convergent/divergent validity. We also found that participants displayed divergent clinical characteristics depending on the pattern of frequency, duration, and body location of picking episodes (e.g., those who primarily picked at the fingers had a unique clinical presentation). Overall, the findings provide preliminary support for the psychometric properties and clinical utility of DISP. The results also underscore the importance of accurately assessing frequency, duration, and body location of picking episodes.
Farmers’ Adaptive Behaviors to Heavy Metal-Polluted Cultivated Land in Mining Areas: The Influence of Farmers’ Characteristics and the Mediating Role of Perceptions
Authors: Chen Yong , Liang Yaqi , Zhou Hao , Wang Qiaozhi , Liu Yanzhong
Published: May 2022

Heavy metal pollution in cultivated land poses a serious threat to environmental health and farmers’ livelihoods. As the direct user of cultivated land, understanding farmers’ adaptive behavior to heavy metal pollution, and its influencing factors, can provide insight and information relevant for decision-making, so as to better manage the hazards and risks of heavy metal pollution. We proposed a conceptual framework of “farmers’ characteristics-perceptions-adaptive behaviors”. Factor analysis and mediation effect analysis were used to explore the influence of characteristics and perceptions on adaptive behaviors. The data of 278 farmers in a typical mining area in Daye, China, show that local farmers perceive the hazards of heavy metal pollution, but their adaptive behaviors are hindered to a certain extent. The results of the mediation effect analysis show that perceptions of health impact, self-efficacy, and adaptive cost play a partial mediating role in the impact of characteristics on adaptive behaviors. In addition, the influence of the “factor of dependence on farmland” and the “factor of obstacles to action” on adaptive behavior have no significant relationship with perception levels. By comparing the influencing factors, we found that although farmers’ perceptions have mediating effects between characteristics and adaptive behaviors, characteristics still play a decisive role in adaptive behaviors.
Association between Selected Screening Tests and Knee Alignment in Single-Leg Tasks among Young Football Players
Authors: Wilczyński Bartosz , Radzimiński Łukasz , Sobierajska-Rek Agnieszka , Zorena Katarzyna
Published: May 2022

This study aimed to examine the relationship between knee valgus in the frontal plane projection angle (FPPA) during single-leg squat (SLS), single-leg landing (SLL), and other selected clinical tests in young athletes. Forty-three young healthy elite football players (age: 13.2 (1.7) years) that were regularly training in a local sports club participated in the study. The FPPA was assessed using 2D video analysis. The screening tests included the passive single-leg raise (PSLR), hip external and internal rotation (hip ER and IR), sit and reach test, weight-bearing lunge test (WBLT), modified star excursion balance test (mSEBT), countermovement jump (CMJ), single-leg hop for distance (SLHD), and age peak height velocity (APHV). There was a significant positive relationship between the knee valgus angles in the SLS test and the sit and reach test (r = 0.34) and a negative relationship with the hip ER ROM (r = −0.34) (p < 0.05). The knee valgus angles in the SLL were negatively associated with the hip IR (r = −0.32) and ER ROM (r = −0.34) and positive associated with the WBLT (r = 0.35) and sit and reach test (r = 0.33) (p < 0.05). Linear regression analysis showed that the results of the hip ER ROM and sit and reach tests were independent predictors of the FPPA in the SLS test (r2 = 0.11, p = 0.03 and r2 = 0.12, p = 0.02, respectively). The conducted study showed that individuals with more hip range of motion, more spine flexion extensibility, and less ankle dorsiflexion ROM may be more likely to experience high degrees of knee valgus in FPPA.
Correction: Saito et al. Sex-Specific Mortality from Asbestos-Related Diseases, Lung and Ovarian Cancer in Municipalities with High Asbestos Consumption, Brazil, 2000–2017. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19, 3656
Authors: Saito Cézar Akiyoshi , Bussacos Marco Antonio , Salvi Leonardo , Mensi Carolina , Consonni Dario , Fernandes Fernando Timoteo , Campos Felipe , Cavalcante Franciana , Algranti Eduardo
Published: May 2022

In the original publication [...]
Spatial-Temporal Evolution and Driving Forces of NDVI in China’s Giant Panda National Park
Authors: Pu Mengxin , Zhao Yinbing , Ni Zhongyun , Huang Zhongliang , Peng Wanlan , Zhou Yi , Liu Jingjing , Gong Yingru
Published: May 2022

Identifying the ecological evolution trends and vegetation driving mechanisms of giant panda national parks can help to improve the protection of giant panda habitats. Based on the research background of different geomorphological zoning, we selected the MODIS NDVI data from 2000 to 2020 to analyze the NDVI trends using a univariate linear model. A partial correlation analysis and multiple correlation analysis were used to reveal the influence of temperature and precipitation on NDVI trends. Fourteen factors related to meteorological factors, topographic factors, geological activities, and human activities were selected, and the Geographically Weighted Regression model was used to study the mechanisms driving NDVI change. The results were as follows: (1) The NDVI value of Giant Panda National Park has fluctuated and increased in the past 21 years, with an annual growth rate of 4.7%/yr. Affected by the Wenchuan earthquake in 2008, the NDVI value fluctuated greatly from 2008 to 2012, and reached its peak in 2018. (2) The NDVI in 94% of the study area improved, and the most significant improvement areas were mainly distributed in the northern and southern regions of Southwest Subalpine and Middle Mountain and the Xiaoxiangling area. Affected by the distribution of fault zones and their local activities, vegetation degradation was concentrated in the Dujiangyan–Anzhou area of Hengduan Mountain Alpine Canyon. (3) The Geographically Weighted Regression analysis showed that natural factors were dominant, with climate and elevation having a double-factor enhancement effect, the peak acceleration of ground motion and fault zone having a superimposed effect, and river density and slope having a double effect, all of which had a significant impact on the NDVI value of the surrounding area. To optimize the ecological security pattern of the Giant Panda National Park, we recommended strengthening the construction of ecological security projects through monitoring meteorological changes, preventing, and controlling geo-hazards, and optimizing the layout and intensity of human activities.
New Understanding of Diagnosis, Treatment and Prevention of Endometriosis
Authors: Amro Bedayah , Ramirez Aristondo Maria Eugenia , Alsuwaidi Shaima , Almaamari Basma , Hakim Zeinab , Tahlak Muna , Wattiez Arnaud , Koninckx Philippe R.
Published: May 2022

For 100 years, pelvic endometriosis has been considered to originate from the implantation of endometrial cells following retrograde menstruation or metaplasia. Since some observations, such as the clonal aspect, the biochemical variability of lesions and endometriosis in women without endometrium, the genetic-epigenetic (G-E) theory describes that endometriosis only begins after a series of cumulative G-E cellular changes. This explains that the endometriotic may originate from any pluripotent cell apart from the endometrium, that ‘endometrium-like cells’ can harbour important G-E differences, and that the risk is higher in predisposed women with more inherited incidents. A consequence is a high risk after puberty which decreases progressively thereafter. Considering a 10-year delay between initiation and performing a laparoscopy, this was observed in the United Arab Emirates, Belgium, France and USA. The subsequent growth varies with the G-E changes and the environment but is self-limiting probably because of the immunologic reaction and fibrosis. That each lesion has a different set of G-E incidents explains the variability of pain and the response to hormonal treatment. New lesions may develop, but recurrences after surgical excision are rare. The fibrosis around endometriosis belongs to the body and does not need to be removed. This suggests conservative excision or minimal bowel without safety margins and superficial treatment of ovarian endometriosis. This G-E concept also suggests prevention by decreasing oxidative stress from retrograde menstruation or the peritoneal microbiome. This suggests the prevention of vaginal infections and changes in the gastrointestinal microbiota through food intake and exercise. In conclusion, a higher risk of initiating endometriosis during adolescence was observed in UAE, France, Belgium and USA. This new understanding and the limited growth opens perspectives for earlier diagnosis and better treatment.
Influence of Sit-Stand Tables in Classrooms on Children’s Sedentary Behavior and Teacher’s Acceptance and Feasibility: A Mixed-Methods Study
Authors: Schwenke Paula , Coenen Michaela
Published: May 2022

Children spend over 70% of their school day sitting, most of the time in the classroom. Even when meeting physical activity guidelines but sitting for long uninterrupted periods, children are at risk of poorer health outcomes. With an approach to create an active learning environment through the implementation of sit-stand tables, this exploratory mixed-methods study aims to evaluate a holistic concept for reducing sedentary time in schools by implementing sit-stand tables as well as to examine the feasibility and didactic usability in classroom settings. Children from eight German schools aged 7 to 10 in primary schools and 11 to 13 in secondary schools (n = 211), allocated into control and intervention groups, were included in the study, as well as teachers (n = 13). An accelerometer was used as a quantitative measure to assess sitting and standing times and sport motoric tests were taken. Qualitative interviews were performed with teachers regarding feasibility and acceptance of the sit-stand tables. Independent t-test analysis adjusted for age, sex and school type found that sitting times of children in the intervention group could be reduced (by 30.54 min per school day of 6 h, p < 0.001) within all school and age levels. Overall, implementing sit-stand tables in classrooms serves as a feasible and effective opportunity to reduce sedentary behaviour and create an active learning environment.
The Rapid Adaptation and Optimisation of a Digital Behaviour-Change Intervention to Reduce the Spread of COVID-19 in Schools
Authors: Treneman-Evans Georgia , Ali Becky , Denison-Day James , Clegg Tara , Yardley Lucy , Denford Sarah , Essery Rosie
Published: May 2022

The rapid transmission of COVID-19 in school communities has been a major concern. To ensure that mitigation systems were in place and support was available, a digital intervention to encourage and facilitate infection-control behaviours was rapidly adapted and optimised for implementation as a whole-school intervention. Using the person-based approach, ‘Germ Defence’ was iteratively adapted, guided by relevant literature, co-production with Patient and Public Involvement representatives, and think-aloud interviews with forty-five school students, staff, and parents. Suggested infection-control behaviours deemed feasible and acceptable by the majority of participants included handwashing/hand-sanitising and wearing a face covering in certain contexts, such as crowded public spaces. Promoting a sense of collective responsibility was reported to increase motivation for the adoption of these behaviours. However, acceptability and willingness to implement recommended behaviours seemed to be influenced by participants’ perceptions of risk. Barriers to the implementation of recommended behaviours in school and at home primarily related to childcare needs and physical space. We conclude that it was possible to rapidly adapt Germ Defence to provide an acceptable resource to help mitigate against infection transmission within and from school settings. Adapted content was considered acceptable, persuasive, and accessible.
Does Self-Care Make You a Better Leader? A Multisource Study Linking Leader Self-Care to Health-Oriented Leadership, Employee Self-Care, and Health
Authors: Klug Katharina , Felfe Jörg , Krick Annika
Published: May 2022

Leadership plays an important role in employee well-being. In light of a growing research interest in leaders’ resources as determinants of healthy leadership, it is not yet clear how leaders’ behavior regarding their own health (self-care) may trickle down to employees. Drawing on Conservation of Resources Theory and the model of Health-Oriented Leadership, this study tests two mechanisms through which employees may benefit from self-caring leaders: (a) through staff care, that is, concern for their employees’ health (improved leadership hypothesis); and (b) through a direct relationship between leaders’ and employees’ self-care (role-modeling hypothesis). In turn, both staff care and employee self-care would relate positively to employee health. Multilevel path models based on a sample of N = 46 supervisors and 437 employees revealed that leader self-care was positively related to leader-rated staff care at Level 2, which was positively related to employee-rated staff care at Level 1. In turn, employee-rated staff care was positively related to employee health. The findings support the improved leadership hypothesis and underline the importance of leader self-care as a determinant of healthy leadership.