bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
KAJIAN PERUBAHAN PENGGUNAAN LAHAN DAN HARGA LAHAN DI WILAYAH SEKITAR PINTU TOL UNGARAN
Authors: Masykuroh Dinda Kholivia , Rudiarto Iwan
Published: April 2016

The operation of section I of Semarang-Solo toll road provides alternative access to Semarang City from its hinterland, especially Ungaran Subdistrict. Improved accessibility from Semarang City to Ungaran has impacted to land use of the surrounding area. It can be seen from the increase in new built-up areas in Kalirejo as well as Sidomulyo Villages. The land use change also gives impact to land rents or prices. This study aims to assess the land use and land price changes in the Villages of Kalirejo and Sidomulyo as a result of the existence of the Ungaran toll-gate. The methods used are quantitative completed with observation and review of the relevant documents. This study uses spatial modeling approach with ArcGIS software. Spatial analysis is used to determine the change of land use that occurred in the two villages in 2003, 2011 and 2014. The results of this study show that the existence of the Ungaran toll gate has triggered changes of non-built-up into the built-up area. Changes have also been there in the price of land in the two villages. Besides, this dynamic situation has encouraged the emergence of new sub-center located in the Kalirejo Village.
Product Concept Demonstrations in Trade Shows and Firm Value
Authors: Kim Taewan , Mazumdar Tridib
Published: April 2016

Trade shows are a popular venue for firms to demonstrate their portfolio of market-ready new products as well as product concepts under different stages of development. Utilizing auto shows as a context, the authors investigate the effects of concept and product demonstrations on the demonstrating firm's value. Event study results show that abnormal returns follow an inverted U-shaped effect of product development stages: that is, previously demonstrated concepts approaching potential launch have the strongest positive effect, followed by early-stage concepts demonstrated for the first time to the world (i.e., debuts), and then market-ready new products. Trade show locations mediate these effects. The effects of early-stage debut demonstrations appear only when concepts are presented in trade shows located in the home country of the demonstrating firm. However, the effects of displaying previously demonstrated concepts, which have survived product development hurdles, are present in venues within as well as outside the firm's home country.
Free vibrations and buckling analysis of laminated plates by oscillatory radial basis functions
Authors: Neves A. M. A. , Ferreira A. J. M.
Published: April 2016

In this paper the free vibrations and buckling analysis of laminated plates is performed using a global meshless method. A refined version of Kant’s theorie which accounts for transverse normal stress and through-the-thickness deformation is used. The innovation is the use of oscillatory radial basis functions. Numerical examples are performed and results are presented and compared to available references. Such functions proved to be an alternative to the tradicional nonoscillatory radial basis functions.
Probabilistic fracture investigation of symmetric angle ply laminated composite plates using displacement correlation method
Authors: Lal Achchhe , Palekar Shailesh P.
Published: April 2016

The second order statistics of mixed mode stress intensity factors (MSIF) of single edge V-notched angle ply laminated composite plate subjected to uniaxial tensile load with uncertinity in the system properties using displacement correlation method (DCM) is evaluated. The random system properties such as material properties, crack opening and crack length are modelled as combined uncorrelated and correlated random system variables. A C0 finite element method (FEM) based on higher order shear deformation plate theory (HSDT) is used for basic formulation. The Taylor series based first order perturbation technique (FOPT), second order perturbation technique (SOPT) are used and direct Monte Carlo simulation (MCS) is performed to evaluate the statistics (mean and coefficient of variance) of the mixed mode SIFs. The present work signifies the accurate analysis of frature behaviour by influence of different random variables and fibre orientations on the fracture behaviour in angle ply laminates.
Vibrations of Composite Laminated Circular Panels and Shells of Revolution with General Elastic Boundary Conditions via Fourier-Ritz Method
Authors: Wang Qingshan , Shi Dongyan , Pang Fuzhen , Liang Qian
Published: April 2016

A Fourier-Ritz method for predicting the free vibration of composite laminated circular panels and shells of revolution subjected to various combinations of classical and non-classical boundary conditions is presented in this paper. A modified Fourier series approach in conjunction with a Ritz technique is employed to derive the formulation based on the first-order shear deformation theory. The general boundary condition can be achieved by the boundary spring technique in which three types of liner and two types of rotation springs along the edges of the composite laminated circular panels and shells of revolution are set to imitate the boundary force. Besides, the complete shells of revolution can be achieved by using the coupling spring technique to imitate the kinematic compatibility and physical compatibility conditions of composite laminated circular panels at the common meridian with θ = 0 and 2π. The comparisons established in a sufficiently conclusive manner show that the present formulation is capable of yielding highly accurate solutions with little computational effort. The influence of boundary and coupling restraint parameters, circumference angles, stiffness ratios, numbers of layer and fiber orientations on the vibration behavior of the composite laminated circular panels and shells of revolution are also discussed.
Sympathetic Trippings Blocking in Over Current Relay Coordination Algorithm during Steady State & Transient Network Topologies
Authors: Singh Manohar , Panigrahi B.K. , Vishnuvardhan T.
Published: April 2016

In this paper an improved over current relay coordination protection technique is proposed. The proposed technique eliminates the sympathetic/nuisance tripping in an interconnected distribution system. Nuisance trippings are eliminated by incorporating the additional selectivity constraints in conventional over current relay coordination problem. Whenever the fault is cleared only from one end of the line in bidirectional fault feed lines, transient network configuration comes into existence. Transient network configuration causes the redistribution of fault in the distribution system and leads to further nuisance tripping of relays. This problem in this paper is solved by minimising the operating time gap between primary relays located at near end and far end of a faulty line to the best minimum possible value. The differential search algorithm is applied for optimization of highly non-linear over current relay coordination problem in this paper. The result presented in this paper shows that the proposed over current relay coordination technique is immune against the sympathetic/nuisance tripping and operating time difference between primary relays at near end and far end is also minimised within acceptable time margin successfully.
Design considerations for a large-scale image-based text search engine in historical manuscript collections
Authors: Schomaker Lambert
Published: April 2016

This article gives an overview of design considerations for a handwriting search engine
based on pattern recognition and high-performance computing, “Monk”. In order to satisfy
multiple and often conflicting technological requirements, an architecture is used which
heavily relies on high-performance computing, interactivity, and a Posix file-access model
for the scientific programmers. The resulting system is able to handle billions of image
files, in the order of petabytes of storage capacity, with a single mount point. Monk is
operational since the year 2009.
Crystal structure of ent-1β-acetoxy-7α,14α-di-hydroxy-7β,20-epoxykaur-16-en-15-one, C22H30O6
Authors: Ye Jiang-Hai , Zhang Jing-Jie , Zhao Chen-Liang , Zhang Qi-Long , Pan Lu-Tai
Published: April 2016

C22H30O6, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 11.1339(16) Å, b = 6.1262(9) Å, c = 14.771(2) Å, β = 103.567(5)°, V = 1867.9(12) Å3, Z = 2, R
gt
(F) = 0.0430, wR
ref
(F
2
) = 0.1165, T = 293 K.
A De Jure Criticism of Theism
Authors: Goodnick Liz
Published: April 2016

An evolutionary by-product explanation entails that religious belief is an unintended consequence
of a cognitive process selected for by evolution. In this paper, I argue that if a by-product explanation is true,
then religious belief is unwarranted (even if God exists). In particular, I argue that if the cause of religious
belief is the god-faculty (HADD + ToM + eToM + MCI), then it is likely unreliable; thus, religious belief is
unwarranted. Plantinga argues that de jure criticisms are not independent of de facto criticisms: without
knowing whether or not God exists, one can’t say that belief in God is unwarranted, since if God exists, it is
possible that God has planned that this mechanism would lead to belief in Him. Against Plantinga, I show
that in order for de jure criticisms to have force, it is not necessary to know that God does not exist. Instead,
one only needs to doubt His existence. And if by-product explanations turn out to be supported by the
evidence, this fact alone gives us reason to doubt God’s existence. Thus, if the by-product explanation is
true, belief in God is not warranted; if we know this, then we have reason to doubt theism.
Beyond Mindfulness
Authors: Plante Thomas G.
Published: April 2016

Since the publication of Bergin’s classic 1980 paper “Psychotherapy and Religious Values” in the
Journal of Clinical and Consulting Psychology, an enormous amount of quality research has been conducted
on the integration of religious and spiritual values and perspectives into the psychotherapy endeavor.
Numerous empirical studies, chapters, books, blogs, and specialty organizations have emerged in the
past 35 years that have helped researchers and clinicians alike come to appreciate the value of religion
and spirituality in the psychotherapeutic process. While so much has been accomplished in this area of
integration, so much more needs to occur in order for the psychotherapeutic world to benefit from the
wisdom of the great religious and spiritual traditions and values. While state-of-the-art quality research
has and continues to demonstrate how religious and spiritual practices and values can be used effectively
to enhance the benefits of behavioral and psychological interventions, too often the field either gets
overly focused on particular and perhaps trendy areas of interest (e.g., mindfulness) or fails to appreciate
and incorporate the research evidence supporting (or not supporting) the use of certain religiously or
spiritually informed assessments and interventions. The purpose of this article is to reflect on where the
field integrating religion, spirituality and psychotherapy has evolved through the present and where it still
needs to go in the future. In doing so I hope to reflect on the call for integration that Bergin highlights in his
classic 1980 paper.
Freeing Biblical Poetry to Sing
Authors: Boerger Brenda H.
Published: April 2016

This article claims that the cognitive effects of music on the brain reinforce the Biblical exhortation
to “Sing to the Lord a new song” (Psalm 96:1, Colossians 3:16). Then it explores how this is borne out in
poetic translations of Biblical Hebrew poetry into indigenous song forms in Natügu [ntu] and English [eng].
The numerous positive results of using sung poetic translations support the psycholinguistic literature, and
suggest that to achieve similar benefits it should become standard best practice in Bible translation to set
Biblical poetry translations to music.
Translating the Old Testament: Learning from the King James Bible
Authors: Robson James E.
Published: April 2016

The Hebrew word “dabar” is translated in the King James Bible by no fewer than 82 different
English words. This article explores how and why it is translated like this, considering some of the issues
at stake in Bible translation more generally, and with the King James Bible, in particular. It examines more
closely six ways in which translation decisions either affect interpretation or reveal the translation process.
It draws out implications for translators, readers, and for evaluating the KJB.
Therapist Effects and Spiritually Oriented Psychotherapy
Authors: Sperry Len
Published: April 2016

Research on therapist effectiveness (i.e., therapist effects) is important for spiritually oriented
psychotherapy to mature and flourish as a specialty. Therapist effects are described and compared to
treatment effects, and then a research-based profile of the effective therapist is sketched. This characterization
is similar in both spiritually-oriented psychotherapy and secular psychotherapy, which has no spiritual
orientation. The challenge for this specialty is for research to integrate both therapist effects and treatment
effects to inform psychotherapy training. This discussion is framed within Alan Bergin‘s (1980) “hope“ that
the psychotherapy profession would become more comprehensive and more effective.
Non-Destructive Analysis of 14th–19th Century European Handmade Papers
Authors: Barrett Timothy , Ormsby Mark , Lang Joseph B.
Published: April 2016

Non-destructive analysis of 1,578 paper specimens made between the fourteenth and the nineteenth centuries was undertaken in an effort to better understand changes in paper composition over time and how these variations might affect paper stability during long term natural ageing. Gelatine content and colour were determined using UV/Vis/NIR spectrometry. Residual metals were measured using XRF. These components included potassium and sulfur as elements indicative of alum concentration; iron as a typical paper contaminant; and calcium, which is often associated with compounds such as calcium carbonate that can serve as alkaline reserves. The research demonstrated that papers that are lighter in colour (closer to white) are associated with higher levels of gelatine and calcium, and lower levels of iron. The survey also showed significant decreases in gelatine and calcium concentration over time with the largest differences coinciding with the rise of printing around 1500. The drop in pH over the centuries observed by other researchers is explained by the decreases in these two components rather than by a rise in alum concentration, which remained fairly stable. The craftsmanship of the specimens was evaluated using materials and workmanship ratings which showed better quality paper associated with higher gelatine and calcium concentrations and colour closer to white. Poorer quality papers were associated with higher iron levels and greater thickness.
Multiscale thermomechanical modeling of short fiber-reinforced composites
Authors: Jia Dawei , Shi Huiji , Cheng Lei
Published: April 2016

A study of the micromechanical behavior to predict the overall response of short fiber-reinforced composites under cyclic mechanical and thermal loading is presented. The instantaneous average over a “representative volume” of the material is considered. The influence of the short fiber’s aspect ratio, volume fraction, and spatial orientation has been investigated. The linear combined hardening model is used to describe the cyclic hardening effects in the case of metal matrix. A numerical procedure is used to predict the response of composites under mechanical and thermal conditions. The results of the numerical procedure have been compared to the results of three different models and to published experimental data.
Nonlinear Markov processes in big networks
Authors: Li Quan-Lin
Published: April 2016

Big networks express multiple classes of large-scale networks in many practical areas such as computer
networks, internet of things, cloud computation, manufacturing systems, transportation networks, and
healthcare systems. This paper analyzes such big networks, and applies the mean-field theory and the nonlinear
Markov processes to constructing a broad class of nonlinear continuous-time block-structured Markov
processes, which can be used to deal with many practical stochastic systems. Firstly, a nonlinear Markov
process is derived from a large number of big networks with weak interactions, where each big network is described
as a continuous-time block-structured Markov process. Secondly, some effective algorithms are given
for computing the fixed points of the nonlinear Markov process by means of the UL-type RG-factorization. Finally,
the Birkhoff center, the locally stable fixed points, the Lyapunov functions and the relative entropy are
developed to analyze stability or metastability of the system of weakly interacting big networks, and several
interesting open problems are proposed with detailed interpretation. We believe that the methodology and
results given in this paper can be useful and effective in the study of big networks.
Bis(phosphane)copper(I) and silver(I) dithiocarbamates: crystallography and anti-microbial assay
Authors: Jamaludin Nazzatush Shimar , Abdul Halim Siti Nadiah , Khoo Chai-Hoon , Chen Bao-Jing , See Tian-Hong , Sim Jiun-Horng , Cheah Yoke-Kqueen , Seng Hoi-Ling , Tiekink Edward R.T.
Published: April 2016

The crystal and molecular structures of (Ph3P)2M[S2CN(Me)CH2CH2OH], M=Cu, isolated as a 1:1 dichloromethane solvate (1·CH2Cl2), and M=Ag (4) show the central metal atom to be coordinated by a symmetrically (1·CH2Cl2) and asymmetrically chelating (4) dithiocarbamate ligand. The distorted tetrahedral geometries are completed by two PPh3 ligands. The presence of hydroxyl-O–H···S(dithiocarbamate) hydrogen bonds leads to centrosymmetric dimeric aggregates in each crystal structure. In the molecular packing of 1·CH2Cl2, channels comprising 1 are formed via aryl-C–H···O interactions with the solvent molecules associated with the walls of the channels via methylene-C–H···S, π(aryl) interactions. For 4, the dimeric aggregates are connected via a network of aryl-C–H···π(aryl) interactions. Preliminary screening for anti-microbial activity was conducted. The compounds were only potent against Gram-positive bacteria. Some further selectivity in activity was noted. Most notably, all compounds were active against methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
The Electrochemical Degradation of Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) Films Electrodeposited from Aqueous Solutions
Authors: Láng Gyözö G. , Ujvári Mária , Vesztergom Soma , Kondratiev Veniamin , Gubicza Jenö , Szekeres Krisztina J.
Published: April 2016

In this review, results of recent studies on the electrochemical stability and degradation properties of
poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) films are summarized, with particular emphasis on the structural changes induced by
overoxidation and electrochemical degradation. The most important electrodeposition methods for the preparation of PEDOT
films in surfactant free aqueous media have also been summarized, and several experimental techniques suitable for
monitoring the degradation process have been discussed. Morphological changes in PEDOT films during overoxidation have
been analyzed. Overoxidation mechanisms proposed in the literature have been surveyed.
Constrained Dipole Oscillator Strength Distributions for CF4, CClF3, CCl2F2, CCl3F, CHF3, CH3F, CH3Cl, CH3Br, CH3I, C2F6, and CCl3CF3
Authors: Kumar Ashok , Thakkar Ajit J.
Published: April 2016

Dipole oscillator strength distributions are constructed for CF4, CClF3, CCl2F2,
CCl3F, CHF3, CH3F, CH3Cl, CH3Br, CH3I, C2F6, and
CCl3CF3 from experimental and theoretical photoabsorption cross-sections combined with constraints provided
by the Kuhn–Reiche–Thomas sum rule, the high-energy behavior of the dipole-oscillator-strength density, and either molar
refractivity data or static dipole polarizabilities depending upon the availability of refractivities. The distributions
are used to predict dipole sum rules S(k), mean excitation energies I(k), and van der Waals C
6
coefficients. Pseudospectral representations of the DOSDs are reported.
Mapping Cortical Responses to Somatosensory Stimuli in Human Infants with Simultaneous Near-Infrared Spectroscopy and Event-Related Potential Recording
Authors: Verriotis Madeleine , Fabrizi Lorenzo , Lee Amy , Cooper Robert J. , Fitzgerald Maria , Meek Judith
Published: April 2016

Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) and electroencephalography (EEG) have recently provided fundamental new information about how the newborn brain processes innocuous and noxious somatosensory information. However, results derived independently from these two techniques are not entirely consistent, raising questions about the relationship between hemodynamic and electrophysiological responses in the study of touch and pain processing in the newborn. To address this, we have recorded NIRS and EEG responses simultaneously for the first time in the human infant following noxious (time-locked clinically required heel lances) and innocuous tactile cutaneous stimulation in 30 newborn infants. The results show that both techniques can be used to record quantifiable and distinct innocuous and noxious evoked activity at a group level in the newborn cortex. Noxious stimulation elicits a peak hemodynamic response that is 10-fold larger than that elicited by an innocuous stimulus (HbO2: 2.0 vs 0.3 µm) and a distinct nociceptive-specific N3P3 waveform in electrophysiological recordings. However, a novel single-trial analysis revealed that hemodynamic and electrophysiological responses do not always co-occur at an individual level, although when they do (64% of noxious test occasions), they are significantly correlated in magnitude. These data show that, while hemodynamic and electrophysiological touch and pain brain activity in newborn infants are comparable in group analyses, important individual differences remain. These data indicate that integrated and multimodal brain monitoring is required to understand central touch and pain processing in the newborn.
HPA axis and vagus nervous function are involved in impaired insulin secretion of MSG-obese rats
Authors: Miranda Rosiane A , Torrezan Rosana , de Oliveira Júlio C , Barella Luiz F , da Silva Franco Claudinéia C , Lisboa Patrícia C , Moura Egberto G , Mathias Paulo C F
Published: April 2016

Neuroendocrine dysfunctions such as the hyperactivity of the vagus nerve and hypothalamus–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis greatly contribute to obesity and hyperinsulinemia; however, little is known about these dysfunctions in the pancreatic β-cells of obese individuals. We used a hypothalamic-obesity model obtained by neonatal treatment with monosodium l-glutamate (MSG) to induce obesity. To assess the role of the HPA axis and vagal tonus in the genesis of hypercorticosteronemia and hyperinsulinemia in an adult MSG-obese rat model, bilateral adrenalectomy (ADX) and subdiaphragmatic vagotomy (VAG) alone or combined surgeries (ADX–VAG) were performed. To study glucose-induced insulin secretion (GIIS) and the cholinergic insulinotropic process, pancreatic islets were incubated with different glucose concentrations with or without oxotremorine-M, a selective agonist of the M3 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (M3AChR) subtype. Protein expression of M3AChR in pancreatic islets, corticosteronemia, and vagus nerve activity was also evaluated. Surgeries reduced 80% of the body weight gain. Fasting glucose and insulin were reduced both by ADX and ADX–VAG, whereas VAG was only associated with hyperglycemia. The serum insulin post-glucose stimulation was lower in all animals that underwent an operation. Vagal activity was decreased by 50% in ADX rats. In the highest glucose concentration, both surgeries reduced GIIS by 50%, whereas ADX-VAG decreased by 70%. Additionally, M3AChR activity was recovered by the individual surgeries. M3AChR protein expression was reduced by ADX. Both the adrenal gland and vagus nerve contribute to the hyperinsulinemia in the MSG model, although adrenal is more crucial as it appears to modulate parasympathetic activity and M3AChR expression in obesity.
Plasma steroid-binding proteins: primary gatekeepers of steroid hormone action
Authors: Hammond Geoffrey L
Published: April 2016

Biologically active steroids are transported in the blood by albumin, sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), and corticosteroid-binding globulin (CBG). These plasma proteins also regulate the non-protein-bound or ‘free’ fractions of circulating steroid hormones that are considered to be biologically active; as such, they can be viewed as the ‘primary gatekeepers of steroid action’. Albumin binds steroids with limited specificity and low affinity, but its high concentration in blood buffers major fluctuations in steroid concentrations and their free fractions. By contrast, SHBG and CBG play much more dynamic roles in controlling steroid access to target tissues and cells. They bind steroids with high (~nM) affinity and specificity, with SHBG binding androgens and estrogens and CBG binding glucocorticoids and progesterone. Both are glycoproteins that are structurally unrelated, and they function in different ways that extend beyond their transportation or buffering functions in the blood. Plasma SHBG and CBG production by the liver varies during development and different physiological or pathophysiological conditions, and abnormalities in the plasma levels of SHBG and CBG or their abilities to bind steroids are associated with a variety of pathologies. Understanding how the unique structures of SHBG and CBG determine their specialized functions, how changes in their plasma levels are controlled, and how they function outside the blood circulation provides insight into how they control the freedom of steroids to act in health and disease.
Progestin increases the expression of gonadotropins in pituitaries of male zebrafish
Authors: Wang Cuili , Liu Dongteng , Chen Weiting , Ge Wei , Hong Wanshu , Zhu Yong , Chen Shi X
Published: April 2016

Our previous study showed that the in vivo positive effects of 17α,20β-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one (DHP), the major progestin in zebrafish, on early spermatogenesis was much stronger than the ex vivo ones, which may suggest an effect of DHP on the expression of gonadotropins. In our present study, we first observed that fshb and lhb mRNA levels in the pituitary of male adult zebrafish were greatly inhibited by 3 weeks exposure to 10nM estradiol (E2). However, an additional 24h 100nM DHP exposure not only reversed the E2-induced inhibition, but also significantly increased the expression of fshb and lhb mRNA. These stimulatory effects were also observed in male adult fish without E2 pretreatment, and a time course experiment showed that it took 24h for fshb and 12h for lhb to respond significantly. Because these stimulatory activities were partially antagonized by a nuclear progesterone receptor (Pgr) antagonist mifepristone, we generated a Pgr-knockout (pgr–/–) model using the TALEN technique. With and without DHP in vivo treatment, fshb and lhb mRNA levels of pgr–/– were significantly lower than those of pgr+/+. Furthermore, ex vivo treatment of pituitary fragments of pgr–/– with DHP stimulated lhb, but not fshb mRNA expression. Results from double-colored fluorescent in situ hybridization showed that pgr mRNA was expressed only in fshb-expressing cells. Taken together, our results indicated that DHP participated in the regulation of neuroendocrine control of reproduction in male zebrafish, and exerted a Pgr-mediated direct stimulatory effect on fshb mRNA at pituitary level.
Risk of Suicidal Events With Atomoxetine Compared to Stimulant Treatment: A Cohort Study
Authors: Linden Stephan , Bussing Regina , Kubilis Paul , Gerhard Tobias , Segal Richard , Shuster Jonathan J , Winterstein Almut G
Published: April 2016

BACKGROUND:

Antidepressant effects on increased suicidality in children have raised public concern in recent years. Approved in 2002 for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder treatment, the selective noradrenalin-reuptake-inhibitor atomoxetine was initially investigated for the treatment of depression. In post-hoc analyses of clinical trial data, atomoxetine has been associated with an increased risk of suicidal ideation in children and adolescents. We analyzed whether the observed increased risk of suicidal ideation in clinical trials translates into an increased risk of suicidal events in pediatric patients treated with atomoxetine compared with stimulants in 26 Medicaid programs.

METHODS:

Employing a retrospective cohort design, we used propensity score–adjusted Cox proportional hazard models to evaluate the risk of suicide and suicide attempt in pediatric patients initiating treatment with atomoxetine compared with stimulants from 2002 to 2006.

RESULTS:

The first-line treatment cohort included 279 315 patients. During the first year of follow-up, the adjusted hazard ratio for current atomoxetine use compared with current stimulant use was 0.95 (95% CI 0.47–1.92, P = .88). The second-line treatment cohort included 220 215 patients. During the first year of follow-up, the adjusted hazard ratio for current atomoxetine use compared with current stimulant use was 0.71 (95% CI 0.30–1.67, P = .43).

CONCLUSIONS:

First- and second-line treatment of youths age 5 to 18 with atomoxetine compared with stimulants was not significantly associated with an increased risk of suicidal events. The low incidence of suicide and suicide attempt resulted in wide confidence intervals and did not allow stratified analysis of high-risk groups or assessment of suicidal risk associated with long-term use of atomoxetine.
La inmensa vitrina virtual en la sociedad de consumidores
Authors: Bacca Contreras Rafael , García Mantilla Elizabeth , Pinto Mantilla José Alberto
Published: April 2016

El capitalismo contemporáneo, especialmente desde 1945, ha generado una sobre-excitación del deseo como principio rector. Los individuos han estado guiados por factores hedónicos, un creciente proceso de individualización de la sociedad, narcisismo, entre otros. Con todo, la sociedad consumista se ha ido estableciendo. Para analizar un aspecto de ello, se estudia cómo Internet se ha presentado –a través del comercio virtual –como una inagotable vitrina de mercancías. En este sentido, en un primer momento se aborda la transición de la sociedad de productores a la sociedad de consumidores. De otro lado, el texto se encauza en indagar el funcionamiento del marketing en Internet, en tanto que este es un hiper-potenciador del consumismo. Por ello, se indagan dos empresas principalmente: Amazon y Facebook; en aras de explicitar estas nuevas conductas y sus consecuencias. Por último, en el escrito se realiza un sucinto cuestionamiento sobre las repercusiones ecológicas de internet. En este orden de cosas, se pretende exponer el comercio virtual como una vertiginosa ventana al consumismo.
Phosphodiesterase Type 5 Inhibition Reduces Albuminuria in Subjects with Overt Diabetic Nephropathy
Authors: Scheele Wim , Diamond Susan , Gale Jeremy , Clerin Valerie , Tamimi Nihad , Le Vu , Walley Rosalind , Grover-Páez Fernando , Perros-Huguet Christelle , Rolph Timothy , El Nahas Meguid
Published: April 2016

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is the leading cause of ESRD worldwide. Reduced bioavailability or uncoupling of nitric oxide in the kidney, leading to decreased intracellular levels of the nitric oxide pathway effector molecule cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP), has been implicated in the progression of DN. Preclinical studies suggest that elevating the cGMP intracellular pool through inhibition of the cGMP-hydrolyzing enzyme phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) might exert renoprotective effects in DN. To test this hypothesis, the novel, highly specific, and long-acting PDE5 inhibitor, PF-00489791, was assessed in a multinational, multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel group trial of subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus and overt nephropathy receiving angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor or angiotensin receptor blocker background therapy. In total, 256 subjects with an eGFR between 25 and 60 ml/min per 1.73 m2 and macroalbuminuria defined by a urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio >300 mg/g, were randomly assigned 3:1, respectively, to receive PF-00489791 (20 mg) or placebo orally, once daily for 12 weeks. Using the predefined primary assessment of efficacy (Bayesian analysis with informative prior), we observed a significant reduction in urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio of 15.7% (ratio 0.843; 95% credible interval 0.73 to 0.98) in response to the 12-week treatment with PF-00489791 compared with placebo. PF-00489791 was safe and generally well tolerated in this patient population. Most common adverse events were mild in severity and included headache and upper gastrointestinal events. In conclusion, the safety and efficacy profile of PDE5 inhibitor PF-00489791 supports further investigation as a novel therapy to improve renal outcomes in DN.
Secular New Zealand and Religious Diversity: From Cultural Evolution to Societal Affirmation
Authors: Pratt Douglas
Published: April 2016

About a century ago New Zealand was a predominantly white Anglo-Saxon Christian nation, flavoured only by diversities of Christianity. A declining indigenous population (Maori) for the most part had been successfully converted as a result of 19th century missionary endeavour. In 2007, in response to increased presence of diverse religions, a national Statement on Religious Diversity was launched. During the last quarter of the 20th century the rise of immigrant communities, with their various cultures and religions, had contributed significantly to the changing demographic profile of religious affiliation. By early in the 21st century this diversity, together with issues of inter-communal and interreligious relations, all in the context of New Zealand being a secular society, needed to be addressed in some authoritative way. Being a secular country, the government keeps well clear of religion and expects religions to keep well clear of politics. This paper will outline relevant historical and demographic factors that set the scene for the Statement, which represents a key attempt at enhancing social inclusion with respect to contemporary religious diversity. The statement will be outlined and discussed, and other indicators of the way in which religious diversity is being received and attended to will be noted.
“Too Smart to be Religious?” Discreet Seeking Amidst Religious Stigma at an Elite College
Authors: Boucher Kateri , Kucinskas Jaime
Published: April 2016

To advance understandings of how religion manifests in subtle, nuanced ways in secular institutions, we examine student religiosity and spirituality at an elite liberal arts school marked by a strong intellectual collective identity. Using mixed research methods, we examine how the college’s structures and dominant culture influence students’ religiosity and spirituality. Despite an institutional commitment to promoting students’ self-exploration and inclusion of social “diversity,” we found both campus structures and mainstream culture deterred open spiritual and religious exploration and identification. The structure of the college and its dominant secular, intellectual culture reinforced: (1) a widespread stigma against religious and spiritual expression, (2) a lack of dialogue about the sacred, (3) discreetness in exploring and adhering to sacred beliefs and practices, and (4) a large degree of religious and spiritual pluralism. Our findings additionally illustrate that early exposure to the campus culture’s critical regard for religion had a long-lasting impact on students’ religiosity. A majority of students kept their religious and spiritual expressions hidden and private; only a marginalized minority of students embraced their expressions publically. To increase students’ comfort with religious and spiritual exploration, we propose that colleges foster intentional peer dialogues early in the college experience. Furthermore, we recommend that campus communities prioritize religious and spiritual literacy and respect.
Participation and Sharing, or Peaceful Co-Existence? Visions of Integration among Muslims in Switzerland
Authors: Nollert Michael , Sheikhzadegan Amir
Published: April 2016

At least three traditions in sociological thought address the question of social inclusion. In the systems theory proposed by Luhmann, inclusion means that individuals are able to adapt and gain access to functional subsystems, such as the labor market or the welfare state. In the tradition of Simmel, social inclusion is seen as an outcome of “cross-cutting social circles”. Both perspectives are addressed in Lockwood’s distinction between social integration and system integration. Building on these theoretical traditions, the study proposes a typology of migrant integration in which inclusion requires a realization of both social and system integration. Against this theoretical background, the paper deals with the question of which kind of integration the Swiss Muslims strive for through civic engagement. Drawing on narrative autobiographical interviews, the study reveals two main tendencies among the studied Muslims. While some seek an opportunity to engage with people of other worldviews through civic engagement (social integration), others limit their civic engagement only to those religious communities that cultivate a strong collective Muslim identity, and reduce their contact with non-Muslims to a peaceful co-existence (system integration). The study also shows that these two attitudes are associated with two views on outgroup tolerance. While the advocates of social integration are for liberal tolerance, the supporters of system integration show tendency towards multicultural tolerance.
THE SOURCES AND SYMPTOMS OF NERVOUSNESS PRIOR TO AND DURING A SINGER’S PERFORMANCE
Authors: Andžāne Zane , Marnauza Māra
Published: April 2016

Students of vocal performance, as well as professional singers, feel nervousness in front of an audience at concerts, competitions, and exams. The state of nervousness can be a negative factor for the performance of the singer, and therefore it is important for the professional singer to develop not only vocal techniques, but also performance attitudes that help to reduce stage fright. The aim of the study is to analyze the scientific literature about stage fright, its sources, symptoms, and methods of overcoming it. Methods used: analysis of literature, questionnaire. Student self-analysis answers to questionnaire items give evidence, that students feel nervous when performing, and that this negatively influences their command of vocal technique, as well as the artistic interpretation of the song and the artistic quality overall.
The Use of Audio Interpretive Materials in the Development of Tuneful Ear
Authors: Grauzdiņa Ilma
Published: April 2016

The report is devoted to the one of the contemporary ways in the development of tuneful ear related to intensive use of varied audio interpretive materials during musical classes. Sound of “Live music” imparts new sense to such conventional forms of ear training as rhythm dictation, musical dictation, harmonic analysis. It makes possible to train timbral ear, to improve attention, reaction speed, memory as well as noticeably widens musical horizon of pupils. This method has been widely used in France since the end of the 20th century therefore the article looks closely into one of the French encased set. Analysis of French edition proves that this experience should be popularized amidst Latvian music teachers too and analogical edition can be created on the basis of Latvian music.
THE DEVELOPMENT OF ART EDUCATION IN LATVIA FROM 1890 TILL 1990
Authors: Muze Agata
Published: April 2016

Art education is a very important field, as it represents the ethical and esthetical needs of the society and reflects the politics and ideology of the age. The urgency of art education and cultural education is affirmed also by the fact that the year 2009 was announced as the year of innovations and creativity in Europe. It is necessary to research the possibilities the art education can offer to promote the creativity of young people and to improve the quality of art education. The overview of the history of art education gives us the possibility to find connections between different conditions as well as examples of the best practice. The development of art education is divided into three stages within the period from 1890 to 1990: founding of the first establishments of art education at the end of the 19th century (1890 – 1915), development and growth of the establishments of art education during the independence period in Latvia (1915 – 1940) and changes brought by the time of occupation (1940 – 1990). This period shows the development of art education in three different contexts of social, economical and political ideology, giving us the opportunity to see their influence on the development of the cultural and spiritual life of Latvians. The aim of the research: to gather and analyze the main tendencies of the development of art education from 1890 to 1990. Methods of research: analysis of the scientific literature and sources.
Missa Paschalis of Romualds Jermaks in the context of the composer's sacred creative work
Authors: Rozenbaha Ieva
Published: April 2016

The report is devoted to the Missa Paschalis of Romualds Jermaks (*1931) in the context of both creative work of the composer and latvian sacred music. Missa Paschalis (2009) is an example of liturgical mass. The mass is composed to large composition or performers: soprano solo, tenor solo, choir, three trumpets, organ and percussion instruments. The composer has made use of the whole traditional cycle of the mass ordinarium (Kyrie, Gloria, Credo, Sancus, Agnus Dei) which is supplemented with proprium parts of Easter mass (Introitus: Resurrexit, Graduale: Haec dies, Offertorium: Terra tremuit, Communio: Pascha nostrum). Timbral and textural expression and imagery possibilities has been used variously. The application of traditional polyphonic forms and methods of development is done masterly.
Free – bass accordion in modern educational systems
Authors: Algin Sergei
Published: April 2016

The purpose of the work – to prove the advantages of the introduction of accordion with system of Kravtsov in modern educational systems. Are used practical methods. Conclusion: The accordion with a system of Kravtsov anticipates an interesting perspective in piano accordion – bayan culture and education.
The decoration of the book by Lewis Carroll's “Alice in Wonderland”
Authors: Kasianova Daria
Published: April 2016

The article discusses the features and basic requirements for the design of children's books. For example, was selected to the book by Lewis Carroll's "Alice in Wonderland." The purpose of this work: an analysis of the features of decoration of children's books by the example of author's illustrations to the tale of Lewis Carroll's "Alice in Wonderland" in connection with the upcoming celebration of the 150 year anniversary of the publication of the book in 1865. To achieve this goal has been studied history of fairy tales. Attention is paid to the choice of a suitable translation into Russian. Because the book is based entirely on English puns and witticisms, folklore, linguistic and philological subtleties, it is hard to understand Russian readers, and even more so for children. The analysis of the existing analogue illustrations and prototypes of the main characters of fairy tales. Detailed history of the characters. Studied costumes of the characters of the 19th century, faithfully reproduce the historical era. Together illustrations adapted to the modern reader. The examples of stylized characters. Defined the main age group of readers for whom the book is intended. In this regard, consider age features and requirements for registration. Formed the basic concept of decoration. It is the desire to approach most closely to the original text, and not to deviate from the real prototype in the direction of the stereotypical characters, falsely taken as a model to follow. At the same time reflects the problem of conformity visuals and content of the book. As the techniques of performing multi-layered watercolor technique chosen.
Improvement of the action of lips and embouchure in the play of brass instruments
Authors: Bārdiņš Sandis , Marnauza Māra
Published: April 2016

Embouchure, along with the activities of breathing and tongue, is one of the main components for qualitative sound creation in the playing brass instruments. In practice, there are various views about principles and methods of creating the embouchure, however, when talking about choosing the appropriate pedagogical methods, it would be important that the methods are based on the knowledge on the physics of the sound creation, as well as the anatomy of embouchure and psychophysiological processes. The article looks at the most important contradictions in this area and presents logical solutions for creating the embouchure in the pedagogical work for music school teachers and students.
Innovative solutions of folk music in tradition renovation
Authors: Dukaļska Iveta
Published: April 2016

In the cultural historical experience of humankind the traditions inherited from a generation to a generation form substantial basis for development of any society. With social changes, changes in the lifestyle of a community along with changes in the concept of values, culture develops, based on the model of basic values and innovation. Folk music-making tradition is among the components characterising the culture of a given society, possessing certain specifics: most frequently it means lack of the formal musical training and inability to read notation, meaning that the music is played by ear, the age of musicians, use of folk instruments, situations of performance and repertoire. The article discusses the types of innovation and their influence on the tradition of folk-music-making, also analysing the opportunities for the restoration of the tradition in in the cultural space of the 21st century.
The Notion of Quickness in Speech Dialectal Discourse
Authors: Sitkovskaya Nadezhda
Published: April 2016

The aim of the research is study of ways of linguistic representation of one of culturally distinguished attributes of traditional folk culture – notion of quickness – in the material of Pskov regional study. The sources of information are narrative and folklore texts of different genres, which are preserved in Pskov archive of dialects, folklore and ethnography. One of the results of the research is the description of fairy tale texts, dealing with Shrovetide rite, and partly texts describing the ceremony of marriage (more than 300 units). The main method of research is component analysis of semantics of adjectival lexemes with general meaning “quick”. The work deals as well with the notion of dialectal discourse, which is considered to be the sum-total of speech realizations (separate utterances and complete texts of different volume and genre). The results of the research show that, despite the inhomogeneity of the archive text material, dialectal discourse preserves features of traditional system of values, including information on importance of quick response in different forms of rites.