bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of nonoxynol-9 (N-9) on sperm functions: systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Xu Murong , Zhao Mingpeng , Li Raymond Hang Wun , Lin Zhixiu , Chung Jacqueline Pui Wah , Li Tin Chiu , Lee Tin-Lap , Chan David Yiu Leung
Published: February 2022

Objective

To summarize the currently available phase I and II clinical trials of the effects of nonoxynol-9 (N-9) on human sperm structure and functions.

Methods

A systematic review and meta-analysis aiming to evaluate the spermicidal activity of N-9 on motility, was conducted in PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane databases by 10 March 2021. The counted numbers of progressive motile (PR) sperm in cervical mucus and the vanguard sperm penetration distances were analyzed. Other effects on sperm structures and physiological activities were reviewed as well.

Results

In the pooled results, percentages or counted numbers of PR sperm decreased after the treatment of N-9. Vanguard sperm penetration distance was shortened in treated groups. N-9 has been confirmed to damage the structures of sperm, as well as other organelles like acrosome and mitochondria. The physiological activities such as generation of reactive oxygen species, superoxide dismutase activity, acrosin activity, and hemizona binding were all inhibited in the reviewed studies.

Conclusions

N-9 has several impacts on sperm owing to its potency in reducing sperm motility and cervical mucus penetration, as well as other functional competencies.

Lay summary

Nonoxynol-9 (N-9) has been used worldwide as a spermicide to kill sperm for more than 60 years but can cause side effects including vaginal irritation and can increase the rate of contraceptive failure. A detailed analysis of published literature aiming to evaluate the spermicidal activity of N-9 on sperm was carried out. In the pooled results, N-9 reduced the number of active sperm and the distance they traveled. It also caused damage to the structures of sperm and to the way the sperm acted and interacted with the egg. In conclusion, N-9 impacts on sperm in a number of ways that lead to sperm death and dysfunction.
How, where and when is SPINK3 bound and removed from mouse sperm?
Authors: Nicolli Anabella R , Alonso Carlos A I , Otamendi Catalina , Cerletti Micaela , Poetsch Ansgar , Sharma Vikram , Zalazar Lucia , Perez-Martinez Silvina , Cesari Andreina
Published: February 2022

Sperm capacitation in mammals is a fundamental requirement to acquire their fertilizing capacity. Little is known about the action mechanism of the molecules that prevent capacitation from occurring prematurely. These molecules are known as decapacitation factors (DFs) and they must be removed from the sperm surface for capacitation to occur successfully. Serine protease inhibitor Kazal type 3 (SPINK3) has been proposed as one of these DFs. Here, we evaluate how this protein binds to mouse sperm and its removal kinetics. We describe that SPINK3 is capable of binding to the membrane of mature epididymal sperm through protein–lipid interactions, specifically to lipid rafts subcellular fraction. Moreover, cholera toxin subunit b (CTB) avoids SPINK3 binding. We observe that SPINK3 is removed from the sperm under in vitro capacitating conditions and by the uterine fluid from estrus females. Our ex vivo studies show the removal kinetics of this protein within the female tract, losing SPINK3 formerly from the apical region of the sperm in the uterus and later from the flagellar region within the oviduct. The presence of acrosome-reacted sperm in the female duct concurs with the absence of SPINK3 over its surface.
Existence of multiple positive solutions for a class of infinite-point singular p-Laplacian fractional differential equation with singular source terms
Authors: Guo Limin , Zhao Jingbo , Liao Lianying , Liu Lishan
Published: February 2022

Based on properties of Green’s function and by Avery–Peterson fixed point theorem, the existence of multiple positive solutions are obtained for singular p-Laplacian fractional differential equation with infinite-point boundary conditions, and an example is given to demonstrate the validity of our main results.
RESPUESTAS TEMPRANAS EN SIMPLASTO DE TALLO ASOCIADAS A LA RUTA DEL ÁCIDO SALICÍLICO EN LA INTERACCIÓN CLAVEL (Dianthus caryophyllus, caryophyllaceae)- FOD (Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. dianthi)
Authors: Vanegas Cano Leidy Johana , Mrtinez Perala Sixta Tulia , Coy Barrera Ericsson , Ardila Barrantes Harold Duban
Published: February 2022

El marchitamiento vascular causado por Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. dianthi (Fod) es la enfermedad que más afecta el cultivo de clavel. Comprender la naturaleza de la interacción entre la planta y el patógeno permitirá el futuro desarrollo de nuevas alternativas de control de la enfermedad. Es por ello que se busca tener evidencia experimental que permita entender el papel de la ruta de señalización del ácido salicílico (SA) y enzimas asociadas con la resistencia de la planta como son fenilalanina amonio liasa (PAL), polifenoloxidasa (PFO), guayacol peroxidasa (GPX) y fosfolipasa D (PLD), a nivel del simplasto del tallo durante la interacción con él patógeno. Se estableció un ensayo in vivo utilizando dos variedades de clavel con diferentes niveles de resistencia a la enfermedad y se determinaron en simplasto de tallo los niveles de SA, MeSA (salicilato de metilo) y las enzimas objeto de estudio. Se presentó inducción de las enzimas estudiadas, evidenciando en el caso de la enzima GPX un aumento a nivel transcripcional. Así mismo, se presentó un incremento de MeSA en los 1 y 14 dpi, mientras que SA se acumuló en tiempos tardíos. La correlación de Pearson determinó que a este nivel existe una acumulación de la hormona MeSA al 1 dpi con los niveles de las enzimas GPX y PLD. Se propone que la respuesta en este órgano de clavel puede estar activada por la ruta de señalización que involucra SA, afectando el metabolismo secundario y la regulación de especies reactivas de oxígeno.
ESTADO DE CONSERVACIÓN DE LAS ESPECIES DE PLANTAS ANGIOSPERMAS DE LOS PÁRAMOS DE ANTIOQUIA
Authors: Alzate Guarin Fernando Alveiro , Cano Gallego Dora Emilse , Ortiz Gentry Rosa del C.
Published: February 2022

La necesidad actual de conservar la diversidad en los ecosistemas de páramo frente a las múltiples amenazas que los afectan requiere un rápido reconocimiento de las especies más vulnerables. En este estudio se aplican dos metodologías para la evaluación rápida del estado de riesgo de especies de Angiospermas distribuidas en los seis complejos de páramo de Antioquia, denominados el método de NY y el método de US. Ambos métodos usan datos asociados a colecciones de herbario para estimar de forma preliminar el estado de riesgo de las especies. Con la primera metodología basada en el cálculo de la extensión de presencia (EOO), se encontraron 110 especies potencialmente en riesgo, distribuidas en 29 familias y 57 géneros. Con la segunda metodología basada en datos de año/fecha de colección, geográficos y de número de colecciones, se encontraron 192 especies “en riesgo” correspondientes a 42 familias y 100 géneros. Los resultados obtenidos pueden ser de utilidad en la identificación de áreas prioritarias y la orientación de esfuerzos de conservación hacia las áreas y las especies más vulnerables.
CARACTERIZACIÓN Y DISMINUCIÓN EN LA EXPRESIÓN DE UNA QUITINA SINTASA MEDIADA POR ARNi EN Hypothenemus hampei (CURCULIONIDAE)
Authors: Ossa Ossa Gustavo Adolfo , Villegas Estrada Bernardo , Valencia Jiménez Arnubio
Published: February 2022

La broca del café, Hypothenemus hampei, es un insecto plaga que causa daños significativos al grano de café y grandes pérdidas económicas a los productores en todo el mundo. Al igual que otros insectos, la broca de café requiere de quitina sintasas (CHS) para la biosíntesis de la quitina, componente principal del exoesqueleto del insecto, y de vital importancia para su crecimiento y desarrollo. En este estudio, el gen CHS1 de la broca del café (HhCHS1) fue identificado, caracterizado y posteriormente silenciado mediante el uso de ARNi, mecanismo que permite degradar el ARNm e interrumpir la expresión de proteínas de interés en un organismo. Los perfiles de expresión del gen HhCHS1, medidos por RT-qPCR, mostraron niveles de expresión diferencial en las diferentes etapas del desarrollo del insecto. Los niveles más altos de expresión se encontraron en larvas de segundo estadio (L2) y machos adultos. El ARNcd administrado por vía oral, a concentraciones de 2 µg/100 µL, generó un silenciamiento efectivo del gen HhCHS1 (84 %) después de 7 días de tratamiento. Estos resultados sugieren que el gen HhCHS1 desempeña un papel importante en el desarrollo del insecto, y que, por ende, podría usarse como objetivo para desarrollar nuevas estrategias de manejo de este insecto plaga, mediante el uso de ARNi.  Palabras Clave: ARNcd, café, insecto plaga, quitina-sintasa, RT-qPCR.
Gender differences in the academic career of economics in Brazil
Authors: Rocha Fabiana , Pereda Paula , Matsunaga Liz , Montoya Díaz María Dolores , Narita Renata , Pugialli Borges Bruna
Published: February 2022

In this paper, we study the underrepresentation of women in economics in Brazil by analysing the evolution of their academic careers and their participation in two leading national economics conferences. To depict the path of women in the profession, we use novel data collected from annual surveys carried out by the Brazilian Women in Economics research group, data from the ANPEC exam, the unified admission exam for graduate programmes in economics and secondary data provided by the two main economics associations in Brazil. We find that it is more difficult for women to progress to tenure, and, therefore, there are “leaks in the academic career pipeline”. There are also persistent gender differences in the choice of research fields, as women mostly research on applied microeconomics.
Paternalism vs. autonomy? Substitute and supported decision-making in England and Hungary
Authors: Szerletics Antal
Published: February 2022

This paper explores substitute and supported decision-making in the light of the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD). The CRPD, adopted by the UN General Assembly in 2006, introduces a ‘paradigm shift’ in the regulation of legal capacity by endorsing the idea of universal legal capacity, i.e. that everyone, including persons with disabilities ‘enjoy legal capacity on an equal basis with others’. After examining the conceptual and regulatory issues surrounding substitute and supported decision-making and the requirements of the CRPD and the first General Comment of the UN Committee on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (GC1), the paper proceeds to examine the regulations of the Mental Capacity Act 2005 (England & Wales) and the Hungarian Civil Code and their (non-)compliance with the CRPD and GC1.
The Concept of Grace in Paul, Shinran and Luther (1976)
Authors: Buri Fritz
Published: February 2022

In the present volume the basic positions of Shin Buddhism itself, as presented by Shin Buddhist writers, are followed by some reactions from western writers. These authors were all looking at Shin Buddhism in a comparative perspective, from western starting points. While the Swiss theologian Fritz Buri (1907–1995) maintained a clear Christian position in his exploration of Shin Buddhist concepts, Alfred Bloom (1926–), who was formed in the American Baptist tradition, adopted the Shin Buddhist tradition as his own. Buri’s contribution apparently represents the first substantial comparative study of the concept of grace in the two religions. Indeed in its reflectiveness, it is an example of “comparative hermeneutics”.12 For example he explains how the structure of thought focused on salvation by grace gives rise to similar problems in other fields, such as ethics. While Buri takes significant steps in seeking to understand Shin Buddhism, perhaps not always achieving quite accurate perceptions of the relations between the teaching of Shinran and “Amida Buddhism” in general, he also resists some of the images of Christianity which seem to have been current among Japanese Buddhists (such as Suzuki Daisetsu) at the time. It may be noted that not all Christian writers necessarily expound a monolithic understanding of their tradition, for there is a complexity of positions to be found, just as there is within the Buddhist family. Buri’s essay undoubtedly formed a valuable jumping off point for later dialogical interactions.
Freedom and Necessity in Shinran’s Concept of Karma (1986)
Authors: Yoshifumi Ueda
Published: February 2022

Returning to Japanese authors, and following the impact of Kanamatsu Kenryō, we look ahead to contributions by Shin Buddhist authors who were fully cognizant of the wider discussions and debates which were beginning to take place in post-war Kyōto. Specifically, we introduce here leading articles by Ueda Yoshifumi.
Temple Celebrations at Chion-in and Higashi Honganji
Authors: Suzuki Beatrice Lane
Published: February 2022

This chapter is dedicated to describe the celebrations held at the Chion-in and Higashi Honganji temples.
Myōshinji Today
Authors: Pedersen Hillary
Published: February 2022

In this chapter, the author gives a new perspective of the Myōshinji temple in comparison to the description given by Beatrice Lane in the beginning of the 20th century.
Mount Kōya
Authors: Suzuki Beatrice Lane
Published: February 2022

This chapter is dedicated to discuss the Buddhist traditions around the mount Kōya, a place discovered by Kōbō Daishi, the founder of the Shingon sect, who saw in its mysticism an ideal place to create a temple.
Nichiren Temples in Kyōto: Honnōji
Authors: Suzuki Beatrice Lane
Published: February 2022

This chapter focuses on the Nichiren temple, Honnōji. Situated in Kyōto, the temple was founded by Nichiryū in 1416 and is a very rich temple, ornate with gold and a life-sized statue of Nichiren.
Myōe’s Critique of Hōnen
Authors: Shōjun Bandō
Published: February 2022

This chapter analyses the texts writen by Hōnen Shōnin on Myōe Shōnin's work. Soon after the death of Hōnen Shōnin 法然上人 (1133–1212) which occurred on January 25th, 1212, Myōe Shōnin 明恵上人 (1173–1232) successively published two books severely criticizing Hōnen’s great writing on the significance of the Nembutsu practice, the Senchaku hongan nenbutsu shū 選択本願念仏集 (abbreviated hereafter as Senjakushū 択 集).
Rennyo the Restorer
Authors: Daiei Kaneko
Published: February 2022

In this chapter, the author analyses the great work which Rennyo Shōnin (1415–1499) achieved during his lifetime was the restoration of Shinshū.2 Through it he brought the Shin teaching to the people, a mission he undertook not only to bring prosperity to the Honganji lineage, but also to spread the spirit of the Founder, Shinran Shōnin (1173–1262), throughout the land. It is for this reason that he is revered as the reincarnation of the Founder.
Asahara Saichi the Myōkōnin
Authors: Taira Satō
Published: February 2022

This chapter analyses the texts written by Asahara Saichi, part of the Shin Buddhist tradition of the myōkōnin 妙好人, the “wondrous, good people.”
Dengyo Daishi and German Theology
Authors: Petzold Bruno
Published: February 2022

In this essay, the author looks at the work of Dengyo Daishi, known as the systematic introducer to Japan of the Chinese Tiantai School and compares it with the medieval mystical writing known of Theoogia Germanica. It is thus an early example of those Buddhist-Christian encounters that have focused on the mystical strand within Christianity as the most promising point of contact for exploration.
Zen: Its Meaning for Modern Civilization
Authors: Shin'ichi Hisamatsu
Published: February 2022

This somewhat essay looks at Buddhist aesthetics.
Home: The Seven-Hundredth Anniversary of the Town of Messkirch
Authors: Heidegger Martin
Published: February 2022

This was an address given on July 22 1961 on the occasion of the seven-hundredth of Messkirch. The author meditates on the concept of home, homesickness. the 'alien' and what it means to celebrate 'home'.
Introduction
Authors: Ferrari Fabrizio , Dähnhardt Thomas
Published: February 2022

Soulless Matter, Seats of Energy is the natural continuation of the two previous edited collections on animals and plants in South Asian religions. Volume 3 reflects on the mineral world in South Asian traditions. It explores the way in which various religious traditions, including Hinduism, Jainism and Buddhism, have represented and reflected upon the environment – in this case: minerals, gems, metals but also geological formations such as mountains and the earth itself. The volume is multidisciplinary in its approach and includes studies ranging from anthropology, history, religious studies, medicine and medical humanities to folklore, literature, hermeneutics and philosophy.
La tesis hervadiana de los derechos naturales subsiguientes y la doctrina de los «derechos implícitos» en la jurisprudencia de la Corte IDH
Authors: Chávez-Fernández-Postigo José-Carlos
Published: February 2022

Este ensayo defiende la tesis de que la doctrina hervadiana de la existencia de derechos naturales subsiguientes y de la necesidad de su promulgación para su vigencia histórica, ofrece a la doctrina de los derechos humanos implícitos sostenida jurisprudencialmente por la Corte IDH, mejores parámetros o estándares para su justificación y su determinación. En concreto, le permite, por un lado, justificar dichos derechos en una naturaleza humana de carácter universal, y determinarlos materialmente a través de sus fines inherentes con mejores pretensiones de objetividad. Por otro lado, le permite también observar el rol indispensable de la positivación o promulgación para la determinación de los derechos humanos que no hayan sido reconocidos expresamente en la Convención.
Knowledge: From Ethical Category to Knowledge Capitalism
Authors: Kochetkov Dmitry M. , Kochetkova Irina A.
Published: February 2022

In the post-industrial economy, the efficiency of scientific knowledge generation becomes crucial. Researchers began to interpret knowledge as a factor of economic growth in the second half of the 20th century; since then, within the theory of economics and management, various approaches have been developed to study the impact of knowledge on economic growth and performance. With time, the focus of knowledge-based theories shifted from corporate management to macrosystems and economic policy. The article describes the main stages in the development of socio-economic concepts of knowledge and analyzes the theoretical and methodological aspects of each approach. The authors have also formulated the critical problems in the analysis of the economic category of knowledge at the present stage and suggested ways of overcoming them. The article may be of interest both to researchers and practitioners in the sphere of corporate strategies and economic policy.
Surviving COVID-19 Pandemic: The Role of Social Media and Family Social Capital in Promoting a Healthy Lifestyle in Indonesia
Authors: Sudarmanti Rini , Wahyuti Tri , Naomi Prima
Published: February 2022

Promotion of a healthy lifestyle amid the COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia is an important part of disease prevention. Public outreach via social media shapes the public perception of the government’s campaign to stop COVID-19 spread. This study investigates the impact of social media and family social capital on the promotion of a healthy lifestyle. The study covered a sample of 165 women in Indonesia; it was conducted during the COVID-19 pandemic. Female respondents were selected because of their essential role in the family. The results show that the awareness of a healthy lifestyle is most likely affected by family social capital rather than social media use. Greater cohesion and interaction among family members, less family conflict, and better paternal control contributed to stronger family social capital. These findings contribute to a better understanding of how a healthy lifestyle can help families survive the pandemic.
A Simple Method for Breast De-epithelialization: The Monobloc Method
Authors:   Plastic Surgery Clinic, Diskapi Yildirim Beyazit Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey, KELES Musa Kemal , Horoz Ugur ,   Plastic Surgery Clinic, Diskapi Yildirim Beyazit Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey, Cepni Hakan ,   Department of Plastic Surgery, Numune Hospital, Konya, Turkey
Published: February 2022

The process of de-epithelialization in reduction mammoplasty surgery increases the operation time. In addition, longer operation times are more apt to cause fatigue for the surgeon. Furthermore, it is always preferable to use the time in the operating theater as effectively as possible. Although the gold standard when performing de-epithelialization is with the use of a scalpel, there are some initiatives to accelerate the speed of the operation and decrease the blood loss during the operation.1-5 While the use of novel products has the potential to speed up the operation, their use may be accompanied by unexpected complications.
Chemical Peels: A Must Have Armamentarium
Authors:   KKris Skin Care Center & Laser Clinic, K.S.R.T.C Road, South Junction, Chalakudy, Kerala 680307, India, Pillai Rahul
Published: February 2022

Chemical peeling is one of the most commonly performed cosmetic procedures in any aesthetic practice, for the controlled breakdown of a part or the entire epidermis (with or without the dermis), leading to exfoliation and removal of the superficial layer of the skin. This leads to regeneration of new epidermal and dermal tissues. A chemical peel is a versatile tool in a cosmetologist’s armamentarium which is simple to use and is result oriented. It is also perhaps the most lucrative procedure for any physician; hence, becoming one of the most commonly practiced cosmetic procedures by any new practitioner. Treating various skin types can however be challenging due to the unpredictability of peels, especially when using deep chemical peels or higher concentration peels on darker skin types. Although, various parameters such as time, concentration and erythema are taken into consideration for safety purposes, the methods and procedures vary slightly depending upon the physician’s expertise in the procedure. Having performed more than 6000 chemical peels, this article is based on my practical experience and knowledge about chemical peeling, especially on darker skin types.
Occupational Health for Health Workers (OHHW) 2019
Authors:   Berufsgenossenschaft für Gesundheitsdienst und Wohlfahrtspflege (BGW), Abt. Arbeitsmedizin, Gefahrstoffe und Gesundheitswissenschaften (AGG), Hamburg, Nienhaus Albert
Published: February 2022

Um „Occupational Health for Health Workers (OHHW)“ vor dem Hintergrund von globalem Fachkräftemangel, Kriegen, humanitären und ökonomischen Krisen ging es auf dem OHHW 2019 in Hamburg, dem 11. Internationalen Kongress der Sektion Gesundheitswesen. Teilnehmende aus 41 Ländern folgten der Einladung von ICOH und dem Scientifc Comittee (SC) for OHHW. Ergebnis war unter anderem eine Deklaration gegen Gewalt gegenüber Gesundheitsfachkräften. Beiträge zu einzelnen Themen werden in kommenden Ausgaben der ASU veröffentlicht. Im Folgenden wird ein allgemeiner Überblick über den OHHW 2019 gegeben.
Asbestnachsorge in Österreich
Authors:   AUVA Rehabilitationsklinik, Tobelbad, Österreich, Machan Barbara , Berger Ursula , Valic Eva , Rohrbach Julia , Kohl Maria
Published: February 2022

In den letzten Jahren etablieren sich CT- Screeningprogramme für Lungenkrebs bei Hochrisikogruppen. Das betrifft speziell auch Menschen mit (früheren) beruflichen Expositionen. Das österreichische Nachsorgeprogramm der allgemeinen Unfallversicherungsanstalt (AUVA) für ehemals beruflich asbestexponierte Beschäftigte kombiniert schon seit 2004 ein medizinisches Angebot zur Früherkennung von Lungenkrebs mit psychosozialer Betreuung der Betroffenen und ihrer Angehörigen.
Der Allostatic Load Index – Messinstrument für Folgen psychosozialer Belastungen
Authors:   Mannheimer Institut für Public Health, Sozialund Präventivmedizin, Mauss Daniel
Published: February 2022

Menschen sind während des Arbeitslebens besonders anfällig für vorzeitiges Altern und gesundheitliche Folgen psychosozialer Belastungen. Es stellt sich die Frage, ob und wie diese Folgen gemessen werden und in einer praktikablen Kennzahl operationalisiert werden können. Das Allostatic-Load-Konzept scheint hierfür einen geeigneten Ansatz zu liefern.
Dämpfe und Aerosole aus Bitumen bei der Heißverarbeitung
Authors:   Institut für Arbeitsschutz der Deutschen Gesetzlichen Unfallversicherung (IFA), Sankt Augustin, Nies Eberhard
Published: February 2022

„Streit um giftige Asphalt-Dämpfe“ titelte eine auflagenstarke Gazette Ende 2019. Eine seriösere überregionale Tageszeitung aus dem Hessischen befürchtete: „Der Straßenbau droht gestoppt zu werden“. Die imminente Pflicht zur Nachrüstung von „Teermaschinen“, die pro Gerät eine halbe Million kosten solle, wurde von einem Wochenmagazin problematisiert, wobei von einem „Brandbrief“ der Bauwirtschaft die Rede war. Hintergrund der Debatte ist der neue deutsche Arbeitsplatzgrenzwert für Dämpfe und Aerosole aus Bitumen bei der Heißverarbeitung.
Persönlicher Eindruck des Gutachters unabdingbar
Authors: Holtstraeter Reinhard
Published: February 2022

Nur für psychiatrische Sachverständigengutachten war bisher anerkannt, dass die Exploration des Probanden nicht auf Hilfskräfte oder andere Dritte delegiert werden darf. Für alle anderen Fachgebiete wurde bestritten, dass eine persönliche Untersuchung durch den Gutachter zu den qualitativen Mindestanforderungen an ein Gutachten gehört. Diese Rechtsprechung hat das BSG nunmehr in zwei aktuellen Urteilen korrigiert. Für Gutachten, die dem Auswahlrecht des Probanden gem. § 200 II SGB VII unterliegen, zählen der persönliche Eindruck und die Möglichkeit Beschwerden vorzubringen zu den Kernaufgaben, die vom ernannten Sachverständige selbst zu erledigen sind und nicht delegiert werden dürfen. Erfolgt insoweit Delegation kann das Gutachten unverwertbar sein.
Gutes Sehen am Arbeitsplatz für eine ergonomisch gute Körperhaltung
Authors:   Professur Arbeitswissenschaft, Technische Universität Dresden, Schmauder Martin
Published: February 2022

Etwa 80% der Informationen am Arbeitsplatz werden über das menschliche Auge aufgenommen. Gutes Sehen hat eine hohe Bedeutung für die Qualität der Arbeit sowie für die Anordnung und Einstellung der Arbeitsmittel am Arbeitsplatz. Ein gutes Sehvermögen und gute Sichtbedingungen sind daher der Ausgangspunkt für die ergonomische Arbeitsplatzgestaltung.
Die betriebsärztliche Betreuung von Erwerbstätigen – Ergebnisse der repräsentativen lidA-Studie
Authors:   Fachgebiet Arbeitswissenschaft, Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Hasselhorn Hans Martin , Michaelis Martina ,   FFAS – Freiburger Forschungsstelle Arbeits- und Sozialmedizin, Freiburg, Kujath Peter ,   Bundesanstalt für Arbeitsschutz und Arbeitsmedizin (BAuA), Dortmund
Published: February 2022

Occupational health provision among workers in Germany: results of the representative lidA study Introduction: There is an ongoing debate in Germany as to whether there is a sufficient number of active occupational health physicians (OHPs) to meet the need for occupational health surveillance. In this contribution, the frequency of OHP contact with employees is investigated based on data of a representative sample of older workers in Germany. Methods: The data come from the third wave (2018) of the German lidA study (www.lida-studie.de), a longitudinal study investigating work, age, health and employment among workers born in 1959 or 1965. Data analysis was restricted to those in full-time or part-time employment at the time of the interview (n=3039). The analysis of data is descriptive and specification by occupation required at least 25 cases per occupational group. Results: 62.1 % of all respondents (n=1888) reported that their enterprise had an OHP. 52.1 % of all employees had already had personal contact with him, half of them in the past 12 months. It was not possible to identify a statistically significant correlation with the extent of physical strain at work. Members of the engineering and medical professions and academics reported high OHP contact rates, while low rates were reported by some manual and service professions (e.g. construction and cleaning jobs), administrative professions and retail workers. Discussion: The findings do not point directly to a shortage of OHPs in Germany. However, they do suggest an imbalance in the distribution of OHP resources: some occupations report OHP contacts on a smaller scale than would be expected, whilst the opposite applies to others. Conclusions: There is a need for an in-depth scientific analysis of the current organisation, practice and quality of occupational health surveillance in Germany. Keywords: occupational health surveillance – contact with occupational health physician – lack of occupational health physicians – employees – professional groups – empirical survey
Berufszufriedenheit in der Arbeitsmedizin – alles gut, nur keine Anerkennung?
Authors:   Deutsche Gesellschaft für Arbeitsmedizin und Umweltmedizin (DGAUM), Amler Nadja , Quittkat C. ,   Deutsche Gesellschaft für Arbeitsmedizin und Umweltmedizin (DGAUM), Sedlazcek S. ,   Deutsche Gesellschaft für Arbeitsmedizin und Umweltmedizin (DGAUM), Nesseler Thomas ,   Deutsche Gesellschaft für Arbeitsmedizin und Umweltmedizin (DGAUM), Letzel Stephan ,   Institut für Arbeits-, Sozial- und Umweltmedizin, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Drexler Hans ,   Institut und Poliklinik für Arbeits-, Sozial- und Umweltmedizin der Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg
Published: February 2022

Job satisfaction of company doctors – all is well except recognition? Objective: The aim of this paper is to examine job satisfaction among company doctors in the German-speaking area. Moreover, we analysed the extent to which various sociodemographic data and specific occupational contexts have an influence on job satisfaction and to what extent the individual groups differ in this respect. Methods: The present study is based on the company doctor survey conducted as part of a large-scale care research project in Germany. The survey was designed as a cross-sectional study and took place from September 2017 to April 2018. The survey was conducted online and on paper. The data was prepared and analysed mainly by using descriptive statistical methods. Results: The majority of the doctors questioned seem to be happy with their occupation as company doctor. Company doctors were especially positive about the focus on prevention (67 %), the working hours (63 %), the meaningfulness (59 %) and the attractiveness of the subject (57 %). Company doctors found the lack of recognition by colleagues to be one of the particularly negative aspects of their occupation, with 50 % of those questioned highlighting this as a negative factor. These findings hold for the most part irrespective of age, gender and occupational context. Conclusion: It is important to work on the occupational profile of company doctors in order to counteract the lack or absence of recognition and to educate the public and professionals in a targeted manner. A start should be made with medical students to this end. Above all, it is important to emphasise the preventive character of the subject and the opportunities provided by what is plainly the largest setting for the practice of prevention. In this connection, it is also important to exploit the opportunities provided within the scope of the Prevention Act. Keywords: job satisfaction – recognition – prevention – payment – appreciation
Betriebsärztliche Beratung ist in der Corona-Pandemie von zentraler Bedeutung (Interview)
Authors:   Institut und Poliklinik für Arbeits-, Sozial- und Umweltmedizin der Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schmitz-Spanke Simone
Published: February 2022

Die Corona-Pandemie stellt Betriebe und ihre Betriebsärztinnen und -ärzte vor neue Herausforderungen. In einem Interview für die ASU erläutert Professor Hans Drexler, was jetzt zu beachten ist und welche Rolle die Betriebsärztinnen und -ärzte dabei spielen. Professor Hans Drexler ist Präsident der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Arbeitsmedizin und Umweltmedizin e. V. (DGAUM) und Leiter des Instituts und der Poliklinik für Arbeits-, Sozial- und Umweltmedizin an der Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg.
neuropattern – ein translationales Verfahren zur Stressreduktion am Arbeitsplatz
Authors:   Stresszentrum Trier, Wissenschaftspark, Trier, Contreras Carina , Hellhammer Juliane ,   Stresszentrum Trier, Wissenschaftspark, Trier, Gerhards Friedemann ,   Abteilung für Klinische und Physiologische Psychologie, Universität Trier
Published: February 2022

neuropattern: a translational tool to reduce stress in the workplace Objectives: The study assesses the usefulness of a novel translational tool, neuropattern, in the prevention of stress-related disorders by means of personalised diagnostics and treatment measures derived therefrom. It took the form of a pilot study with a wait list control group. Methods: 70 employees of the Forestry Department Rhineland-Palatinate in Germany were assigned to an experimental group or a wait list control group by means of block randomisation and underwent neuropattern diagnostics either immediately at the start of the study or after a waiting period of three months. After the diagnostic assessment, all study participants received an explanatory disease model and access to individualised online self-help, whilst their physicians were provided with a diagnostic report and treatment recommendations. Questionnaires on health (SF-12), stress perception (PSS), emotional exhaustion (MBI), work-related stress (ERI), work ability (WAI) and health behaviour were used at the start of the study and after three months in order to assess possible beneficial effects of neuropattern. Results: Compared to the control group, the application of neuropattern in the experimental group resulted in a greater improvement in mental health, a significant increase in sporting activity and a significantly higher reduction in perceived stress, emotional exhaustion, overexertion and burnout in the workplace. No significant differences were found with regard to the development of physical health, current work ability, work-related reward, effort-reward ratio and practice of relaxation methods. Contrary to expectations, it was possible to observe growing pessimism about future work ability and a higher increase in sick leave in the experimental group as compared to the control group. Conclusions: The present study delivers initial findings on the usefulness of neuropattern diagnostics in a non-clinical population. However, further research is required to determine the best operating conditions. Keywords: work-related stress – burnout – prevention – conceptual endophenotypes – personalised medicine – neuropattern
Mitarbeiterberatung/Employee Assistance Program (EAP)
Authors:   Studiengang Psychologie und Management, Hochschule der Wirtschaft für Management gGmbH, Mannheim, Zimber Andreas , Kickinger-Lörsch Anja ,   John Deere, Mannheim
Published: February 2022

Mitarbeiterberatung, intern oder auch extern als Employee Assistance Program (EAP) angeboten, gilt als niedrigschwelliges Präventionsangebot im Rahmen der Betrieblichen Gesundheitsförderung. Seine Wirksamkeit zur Vorbeugung psychischer Erkrankungen wurde im deutschsprachigen Raum bisher nicht überprüft. Vorgestellt werden Ergebnisse einer nicht kontrollierten Begleitstudie mit n=40 Beschäftigten, die sich in einer betrieblichen Beratungsstelle einfanden. Psychische Symptome gingen innerhalb von 3–4 Monaten signifikant, Stresssymptome und krankheitsbedingte Fehlzeiten statistisch nicht bedeutsam zurück. Zur Bestätigung dieser positiven Gesundheitseffekte sind größer angelegte Studien mit randomisiertem Kontrollgruppendesign erforderlich.
Koexistenz von Amöben und nosokomialen Mikroorganismen im Trinkwasserbiofilm
Authors:   Singapore Centre for Life Science Engineering at Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Leifels Mats , Temizel Selin ,   Stabstelle Hygiene und Umweltmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Augsburg
Published: February 2022

Das Zusammenleben von Pathogenen und Amöben in der aquatischen Umwelt ist seit Langem bekannt und oft beschrieben. Ihre Koexistenz und mögliche Wechselwirkungen im Trinkwasserbiofilm sind ebenfalls seit einigen Jahrzehnten beschrieben, erlangen durch immer wiederkehrende Legionellose-Ausbrüche jedoch ständig neue Relevanz für die öffentliche Gesundheit. Neuere Forschungsergebnisse über die Verbindung von Amöben und enteralen Viren tragen weiter dazu bei, dass Trinkwasserbiofilme vor allem im Krankenhaus besser erforscht werden müssen.
Legionellen in der Trinkwasser-Installation – Die Methode macht den Unterschied
Authors:   Institut für Hygiene und Öffentliche Gesundheit, Universitätsklinikum Bonn, Zacharias Nicole , Müller Heike ,   Institut für Hygiene und Öffentliche Gesundheit, Universitätsklinikum Bonn, Gayer Uta ,   Institut für Hygiene und Öffentliche Gesundheit, Universitätsklinikum Bonn, Kistemann Thomas ,   Institut für Hygiene und Öffentliche Gesundheit, Universitätsklinikum Bonn, Schreiber Christiane ,   Institut für Hygiene und Öffentliche Gesundheit, Universitätsklinikum Bonn
Published: February 2022

Legionella in drinking water installations – the method makes the difference Introduction: Legionella infections can cause Legionnaires’ disease, a severe form of pneumonia, as well as Pontiac fever. It is transmitted by inhaling aerosols. Water from drinking water installations where the water is heated in a centralised container must therefore be checked regularly for the hygienic and microbiological parameters Legionella spp. under certain circumstances (DVGW W 551). In Germany there is a recommendation from the German Environment Agency (German: Umweltbundesamt – UBA) for the analysis of Legionella in drinking water installations, which evaluates the laboratory results in the sense of a worst-case scenario. Different measures may be necessary when these findings are compared with the results from an internationally standardised statistical approach (DIN EN ISO 8199; DIN EN ISO 11731), leading in turn to differing requirements in terms of reporting and action. Method: In our study the drinking water installations of eight buildings, with known microbial Legionella contamination, were closely examined in terms of time and space for the presence of Legionella spp. Results: Differing assignments for the two compared analysis algorithms in regard to the DVGW evaluation categories were determined for 24 % of the 58 sampling days. Conclusions: The evaluation according to the UBA recommendation focuses on the prevention of high contamination in regard to human health. However, microbiological results generated in this way can be associated with considerable statistical uncertainty and even randomness. Keywords: drinking water installations – legionella – national guidelines
Einfluss eines passiven Exoskeletts zur Rückenunterstützung auf die subjektive körperliche Beanspruchung und subjektive Beschwerdewahrnehmung bei simulierten Tätigkeiten mit statischer Oberkörpervorneigung und dynamischen Hebebewegungen
Authors:   Institut für Arbeitsmedizin, Sozialmedizin und Versorgungsforschung, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, Steinhilber Benjamin , Bär Mona ,   Institut für Arbeitsmedizin, Sozialmedizin und Versorgungsforschung, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, Caputo Gianluca ,   Institut für Arbeitsmedizin, Sozialmedizin und Versorgungsforschung, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, Seibt Robert ,   Institut für Arbeitsmedizin, Sozialmedizin und Versorgungsforschung, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, Rieger Monika A. ,   Institut für Arbeitsmedizin, Sozialmedizin und Versorgungsforschung, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, Luger Tessy ,   Institut für Arbeitsmedizin, Sozialmedizin und Versorgungsforschung, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen
Published: February 2022

Influence of a passive trunk exoskeleton on subjective physical strain and perceived discomfort during simulated tasks with static trunk flexion posture and dynamic lifting Objective: The influence of a passive back-supporting exoskeleton on perceived physical strain and discomfort was investigated in two occupational tasks. Methods: Thirty-six men (average age 26 years) performed simulated occupational tasks with and without the Laevo® exoskeleton in a balanced and randomised within-subject design. One of the activities was a dynamic lifting task (2 x 5 lifting processes, 11.6 kg load), which was performed with and without exoskeleton in a stoop (stretched knees) and squat position (flexed knees). The second activity was a 90-second sorting task with a static and 40° flexed upper body posture. Subjective physical strain was recorded by the “physical demand” dimension of the NASA-TLX questionnaire, discomfort by an 11-level numeric rating scale. The localisation of discomfort was also reported. The differences between the conditions with and without exoskeleton were analysed for both tasks and lifting postures (stretched vs. flexed knees). Results: With exoskeleton, there was always a small reduction in perceived physical strain levels (p < 0.05). Discomfort was rare, low and mainly in the lower back. For the sorting task with exoskeleton, the median level of discomfort intensity was one point lower (p < 0.05) than without exoskeleton. The frequency of discomfort was also lower with exoskeleton. There were no differences in the intensity of discomfort during dynamic lifting. When the exoskeleton was applied during lifting with stretched knee joints, the frequency of discomfort was slightly reduced; no differences occurred with flexed knee joints. Conclusion: The main potential of the studied exoskeleton appears to lie in activities with a static bent upper body posture. Longitudinal studies with a randomised controlled design are necessary to evaluate whether the possible potential described here is relevant to the prevention of work-related back complaints. Keywords: workplace design – back pain – assistive device
Beurteilung der Arbeit mit tragbaren Bildschirmgeräten
Authors:   Professur Arbeitswissenschaft, Technische Universität Dresden, Miesner Jonas , Schmauder Martin ,   Professur Arbeitswissenschaft, Technische Universität Dresden
Published: February 2022

Die Verwendung von mobilen Bildschirmgeräten im Büro, im Homeoffice oder von unterwegs ist aus dem heutigen Arbeitsalltag nicht mehr wegzudenken. Im „Corona-Reallabor“ konnten viele Beschäftigte längerfristige Erfahrung mit dieser Arbeitsweise machen. War Bildschirmarbeit lange Jahre ein Problem der Augenbeanspruchung, so treten inzwischen eher Muskel-Skelett-Beschwerden auf. Es existiert für diese Form der Mensch-Technik-Interaktion ein Methodenengpass zur praxisrelevanten Beurteilung körperlicher Belastungen. Vor diesem Hintergrund stellt dieser Beitrag eine Lösung vor, die Arbeit mit tragbaren Bildschirmgeräten durch einen „Screening-Mix“ zu beurteilen.
Malariaprävention 2020
Authors:   Tropen- und Reisemedizinische Praxis, Düsseldorf, Rieke Burkhard
Published: February 2022

Die Prävention der Malaria scheint in der heutigen (Pandemie-)Zeit ein Randproblem zu sein und wird mittlerweile meist als Routine betrachtet. Doch gerade durch die momentane Situation stehen die Durchführung von Kontrollprogrammen, Routineimpfungen, Meldesysteme für infektiöse Erkrankungen und auch Behandlungseinheiten vielfach am Rande des Zusammenbruchs, was zu einem Wiederaufflammen zahlreicher, eigentlich beherrschbarer Erkrankungen, wie beispielsweise Malaria, führen kann. Der folgende Beitrag stellt die wesentlichen Regeln und Neuerungen der neu aufgelegten Empfehlungen zur Malariaprophylaxe vor.
Den Herausforderungen der modernen Arbeitswelt mit Eigenverantwortung begegnen
Authors:   ifaa – Institut für angewandte Arbeitswissenschaft e.V., Düsseldorf, Sandrock Stephan
Published: February 2022

Die Arbeitswelt unterliegt schon seit Jahren Änderungen, bedingt durch Wandlungstreiber wie Globalisierung, Digitalisierung und demografischen Wandel. Auch die aktuelle Corona-Pandemie beeinflusst die Ausgestaltung von Arbeit unmittelbar. Mit den Änderungen gehen auch Veränderungen der beruflichen Anforderungen einher. Anpassungen von fachlichen und überfachlichen Qualifikationen werden nötig. Neue Arbeitsformen gewinnen an Bedeutung. Damit einher gehen Anforderungen an Vertrauen, Transparenz und Eigenverantwortung.
Zeige mir, wie verdichtet deine Arbeit ist!
Authors:   Lehrstuhl für Psychologie, insbes. Wirtschaftsund Sozialpsychologie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Soucek Roman , Voss Amanda S. ,   Institut und Poliklinik für Arbeits-, Sozial- und Umweltmedizin der Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg
Published: February 2022

Ein Bild sagt mehr als tausend Worte! Der folgende Beitrag stellt ein bildbasiertes Verfahren vor, das zusammen mit einem Fragebogen zur Einschätzung von Arbeitsverdichtung entwickelt und validiert wurde. Das Bildinventar ermöglicht einen niederschwelligen Zugang zum Thema Arbeitsverdichtung und eignet sich für den Einsatz im praktischen Kontext. Zusätzlich werden mögliche Einsatzszenarien vorgestellt.
Techniken zur Bestimmung von Parametern für die elektrische Personenwarnung
Authors:   Institut für Biomedizinische Technik und Informatik, Technische Universität Ilmenau, Dölker Eva-Maria , Lau Stephan ,   Australian Institute for Machine Learning, School of Computer Science, The University of Adelaide, Australien, Gröllich Daniel ,   Professur für Arbeitswissenschaft, Institut für Technische Logistik und Arbeitssysteme, Technische Universität Dresden, Haase Elke ,   Institut für Textilmaschinen und textile Hochleistungswerkstofftechnik, Technische Universität Dresden, Krzywinski Sybille ,   Professur für Konfektionstechnik, Institut für Textilmaschinen und textile Hochleistungswerkstofftechnik, Technische Universität Dresden, Schmauder Martin ,   Professur für Arbeitswissenschaft, Technische Universität Dresden, Haueisen Jens ,   Institut für Biomedizinische Technik und Informatik, Technische Universität Ilmenau
Published: February 2022

Methods for the determination of parameters for the electrical warning of persons Objectives: The aims of this publication are to present the main findings of research into the development of a wearable system for electrical warning, identify the current challenges and introduce the next research objectives. Methods: A basic study (n = 81) with self-adhesive electrodes on the right upper arm was used to investigate the influence of pulse width, electrode size and electrode position on perceived thresholds as well as qualitative and spatial perception. Varying textile cuff types were developed and tested. The suitability of varying support materials and textile electrodes was investigated with regard to adaptability, comfort, electrical conductivity, DC resistance and traction elastic behaviour. The textile and self-adhesive electrodes were compared with regard to thresholds as well as qualitative and spatial perceptions (n = 30). Results: Practical parameter sets of the thresholds (perception, attention, intolerance) were determined for various pulse widths, electrode sizes and positions. The dominant qualitative perceptions were “Knocking” (perception and attention threshold) and “Muscle twitch” (intolerance threshold). The spatial perception was located at the stimulation area. The resulting textile cuff contains a knitted fabric with electrically conductive surfaces and a layer of an electrically conductive silicone compound. The comparison between textile and self-adhesive electrodes showed no differences regarding thresholds and qualitative and spatial perceptions. The impedance of the textile electrodes was (1.5 to 3 times) higher than that of the self-adhesive electrodes. Conclusions: Future studies will investigate the influences of working conditions, climatic conditions, age, gender and skin properties. The further development of the textile cuffs is focused on the improvement of the contact between electrode and skin to optimise the transition impedance. Keywords: electric stimulation – electrode – TENS – smart textile – wearable