bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Half-wavelength-pitch silicon optical phased array with a 180° field of view, high sidelobe suppression ratio, and complex-pattern beamforming
Authors: Chen Cheng , Kong Degangao , Tao Yifei , Yuan Sujun , Wu Jiahao , Qin Qi , Liu Xiaoping
Published: October 2024

Solid-state optical beam steering devices desire a large field of view (FOV), good beam quality, and reconfigurable beamforming of complex patterns, which are not available in a single system yet. Having not been demonstrated, an active beamformer using an optical phased array (OPA) could potentially fulfill these requirements simultaneously, because it can control both the wavefront and beam pattern. Half-wavelength-pitch OPAs theoretically can achieve the three requirements concurrently, but suffer from crosstalk. Most previous efforts focus on mitigating/avoiding crosstalk. Instead, here we appreciate its existence and propose/demonstrate a programmable architecture to compensate for it. Using a tree of composite variable splitters with a full splitting-ratio range, we achieve arbitrary amplitude/phase modulation to pre-correct scrambled phase/amplitude by crosstalk. With comprehensive stray-light minimization strategies, the sidelobe suppression ratio (SLSR) is significantly improved. Our design achieves a 180∘ FOV, a peak SLSR of 24 dB, and complex-pattern beamforming simultaneously in a half-wavelength-pitch 64-waveguide array. Within the ±60∘ range, a SLSR of >20dB is achieved. Our OPA demonstrates Bayliss difference, pulse-shaped, and asymmetric three-beam patterns with high SLSRs of >20dB, ∼10dB, and >18dB, respectively. These performance metrics are important for various applications in light detection and ranging, imaging, and communication.
Age-at-migration, ethnicity and psychosis risk: Findings from the EU-GEI case-control study
Authors: Andleeb Humma , Moltrecht Bettina , Gayer-Anderson Charlotte , Arango Celso , Arrojo Manuel , D’Andrea Giuseppe , Bernardo Miquel , Del-Ben Christina Marta , de Haan Lieuwe , Ferraro Laura , La Barbera Daniele , La Cascia Erika , Llorca Pierre-Michel , Menezes Paolo Rossi , Quattrone Diego , Sanjuán Julio , Selten Jean-Paul , Szöke Andrei , Tarricone Ilaria , van der Ven Els , Velthorst Eva , Rutten Bart P. F. , Jones Peter B. , Morgan Craig , Jongsma Hannah E. , Edbrooke-Childs Julian , Kirkbride James B.
Published: October 2024

Several studies have highlighted increased psychosis risk in migrant and minority ethnic populations. Migration before age 18 appears to increase risk, but further evidence is required. We investigated this issue in a European case-control study. We hypothesized that migration during two key socio-developmental periods, childhood and adolescence, would be most strongly associated with increased odds of psychosis, and that this would be more pronounced for racialised minorities. We used data from five countries in the EUropean network of national schizophrenia networks studying Gene-Environment Interactions [EU-GEI] study. We examined the association between migration in infancy (0–4 years), childhood (5–10 years), adolescence (11–17 years) or adulthood (18+ years) and first episode psychotic disorder. We fitted unadjusted and adjusted logistic regression models to estimate odds ratios [OR] and 95% confidence intervals [95%CI] for associations between age-at-migration and psychosis. In stratified models, we also examined whether these associations varied by ethnicity. The sample consisted of 937 cases and 1,195 controls. Migration at all ages, including infancy (OR: 2.03, 95%CI: 1.01–4.10), childhood (OR: 2.07, 95%CI: 1.04–4.14), adolescence (OR: 3.26, 95%CI: 1.89–5.63) and adulthood (OR: 1.71, 95%CI: 1.21–2.41), was associated with increased odds of psychosis compared with the white majority non-migrant group, after adjustment for all confounders except ethnoracial identity. After additional adjustment for ethnoracial identity, only migration during adolescence remained associated with psychosis (OR 1.94, 95%CI: 1.11–3.36). In stratified analyses, migration during adolescence was associated with increased odds of psychosis in Black (OR: 6.52, 95%CI: 3.00–14.20) and North African (OR: 16.43, 95%CI: 1.88–143.51) groups.Migration during adolescence increased psychosis risk, particularly in racially minoritised young people. This suggests that development of interventions for minoritised young migrants that alleviate stressors associated with migration and acculturation are warranted.
Electroencephalography in emerging viral infections: Lessons learned from implementing an EEG unit in a Lassa fever isolation ward in Nigeria
Authors: Mueller Hannah Caroline Sophie , Erameh Cyril Oshomah , Gelderblom Mathias , Edeawe Osahogie Isaac , Akpasubi Osetohamen Grace , Ekoyata Ekpen Uwayeme , Aiterebhe Ujiagbe Moses , Okoeguale Joseph , Guenther Stephan , Oestereich Lisa , Ramharter Michael , Okogbenin Sylvanus , Omansen Till
Published: October 2024

Electroencephalography (EEG) has been used for almost a century in well-equipped medical centers to facilitate the diagnosis of epilepsy and other brain disorders. Lassa fever (LF) and other emerging viral infections (EVI) are known to cause neurological complications, including meningitis, seizures, and encephalopathy, though to date it remains unclear whether these are secondary to metabolic disturbances caused by the disease or by direct involvement of the central nervous system (CNS). To better characterize how Lassa virus (LASV) affects the CNS, we established an EEG diagnostic unit in the LF isolation ward at Irrua Specialist Teaching Hospital in Edo State, Nigeria. Here, we report on the specific difficulties to successful implementation of EEG in this highly challenging setting. Technical artefacts due to electrical interferences and interrupted power supply, artefacts deriving from a partly improvised EEG setup within a high consequence pathogen isolation ward, and environmental factors, such as heat in the endemic West African setting are among the main difficulties encountered when setting up this diagnostic facility. It takes experienced neurophysiologists to distinguish such artefacts from actual EEG abnormalities as many of them are not commonly encountered to this extent in well-equipped EEG laboratories and can easily be confused with pathologies. The EEG recording process is further complicated by biosafety considerations and the necessity of wearing extensive personal protective equipment. Nevertheless, with the help of experienced neurophysiologists, it is possible to correctly set up the facility and interpret recordings. Taking the above into consideration, EEG is valuable in identifying CNS involvement in emerging infections, particularly regarding assessment of encephalitis, differential diagnosis of impaired consciousness and treatment adjustment in patients with symptomatic seizures. Although highly challenging under these circumstances, EEG can be an important, noninvasive diagnostic tool for neurological complications in EVI where other more advanced imaging modalities are not available.
Trends and determinants of clustering for non-communicable disease risk factors in women of reproductive age in Nepal
Authors: Singh Barun Kumar , Mishra Shiva Raj , Khatri Resham B.
Published: October 2024

Background

Understanding the clustering of two or more risk factors of non-communicable disease, such as smoking, overweight/obesity, and hypertension, among women of reproductive age could facilitate the design and implementation of strategies for prevention and control measures. This study examined the factors associated with smoking, overweight/obesity, and hypertension among Nepalese women of reproductive age (15–49 years).

Methods

This study used the Nepal Demographic and Health Surveys (NDHS) 2016 (6,079 women for smoking and overweight/obesity, 6076 for hypertension) and 2022 (6,957 women for overweight/obesity and smoking status and 3,749 women for hypertension) for comparison of trends of NCD risk factors among women aged 15–49 years. Additionally, for each participant, risk factors score (range of 0 to 3) was created by summing individual risk factors. We assessed the determinants of risk factor clustering using multivariable Poisson regression models with robust sandwich variance estimator to calculate adjusted prevalence ratios using NDHS 2022.

Results

The national prevalence of overweight/obesity increased from 22.2% in 2016 to 29.2% in 2022 among women of reproductive age. In 2022, the prevalence for smoking, overweight/obesity, and hypertension were 3.8%, 29.2%, and 9.6%, respectively. More than one in four women (28.7%) had one NCD risk factor, while 6.5% had two such risk factors. Higher aged women (40–49 years) were more likely to have multiple NCD risk factors than those aged 15–29 years (APR: 3.19; 95% CI: 2.68–3.80). Those in the richest wealth quintile (APR: 1.52; 95% CI: 1.24–1.85), as well as married (APR: 3.02; 95% CI: 2.43–3.76) and widowed/divorced (APR: 2.85; 95% CI: 2.14–3.80) were more likely to have multiple NCD risk factors. Women from Koshi province (APR: 1.74; 95% CI: 1.41–2.15) had more NCD risk factors than those from the Sudurpaschim province. Working women also had a higher prevalence of NCD risk factors compared to non-working women (APR: 1.23; 95% CI: 1.06–1.43). Additionally, Hill Janajatis (APR: 1.44; 95% CI: 1.21–1.72) and Dalits (APR: 1.42; 95% CI: 1.15–1.75) women were more likely to have NCD risk factors compared to women of Brahmin hill origin.

Conclusions

Clustering of two or more NCD risk factors was higher among women aged ≥30 years, those who are currently married or widowed/divorced/separated, working women, and individuals from the wealthiest socioeconomic groups. A higher burden of risk factors underscores the importance of targeted public health interventions, particularly among women from advantaged socio-economic groups, those of affluent regions, and in the workplace.
Population-based cohort across stroke life course in India-The NIMHANS-NH-SKAN stroke project: A study protocol
Authors: Banandur Pradeep S. , Sukumar Gautham Melur , Arvind Banavaram Anniappan , P. R. Srijithesh , V. S. Binu , Loganathan Santosh , Dalavaikodihalli Nanjaiah Nandakumar , Hegde Thimappa , Prasad Komal , Garady Lavanya , Akashanand Akashanand , Poddar Palak , Jayabalan Meenakshi , Madan Isha , Medhi Upashana , Arun Arpitha
Published: October 2024

Background

Stroke is a leading cause of death and disability worldwide. In India, it is the fourth leading cause of death and fifth leading cause of disability, posing a major public health concern. National surveys reveal an increasing trend in stroke risk factors such as tobacco use, physical activity, alcohol use, hypertension, and dyslipidemia. However, knowledge regarding the combined effect of these risk factors and their various combinations is limited. Understanding the individual, combined, and synergistic effects of known risk factors, along with new risk factors, is essential to address gaps in stroke epidemiology. This study aims to examine the effect of various risk factors of acute stroke and their association with stroke occurrence and its outcomes (survival, disability and quality of life).

Methods

This retrospective-prospective cohort will be conducted in one taluka of Kolara district and two urban wards of Bengaluru with a total population of ~400,000. All stroke-free individuals above 30 years of age ~200,000 individuals in the selected sites will be participants of stroke-free period and all first ever stroke patients in the community will be part of stroke and post-stroke period respectively. The study subjects will be recruited through a complete house-to-house survey at baseline and undergo annual follow-ups during the stroke-free period, with specific assessments at defined time points during the stroke and post-stroke period for a period of one year. Efforts are implemented to minimize loss to follow-up, including community engagement, a helpline number, and hospital-based surveillance.

Discussion

This large population-based cohort study addressing stroke epidemiology in the country, is one -of-its-kind, attempting to fill certain critical gaps in the natural history, management, and outcomes of stroke in India. This research has the potential to provide important insights into the effect of novel risk factors of stroke and various combinations of risk factors of stroke. Furthermore, the development of a stroke risk predictability calculator will add value to the existing Indian National Programme for Prevention & Control of Non-Communicable Diseases (NP-NCD) and offers a model for similar countries once developed.
Potential benefits of advanced chelate-based trace minerals in improving bone mineralization, antioxidant status, immunity, and gene expression modulation in heat-stressed broilers
Authors: Mohammadizad Taher , Taherpour Kamran , Ghasemi Hossein Ali , Shirzadi Hassan , Tavakolinasab Fatemeh , Nazaran Mohammad Hassan
Published: October 2024

Organic sources of trace minerals (TM) in broiler diets are more bioavailable and stable than inorganic sources, making them particularly beneficial during challenging periods such as heat stress (HS) conditions. A 42-d study investigated the effects of using advanced chelate technology-based TM (ACTM) or adding varying amounts of ACTM to broiler diets during HS conditions. The study involved 672 male broiler chickens in 7 treatment groups, including a thermoneutral control (TNC) group and six HS treatments. There were 8 replicate pens per treatment and 12 birds per replicate. The six HS treatments included birds exposed to a cyclic HS environment (34°C) for 8 h and were as follows: HSC, which consisted of the same basal diet with the recommended ITM levels; ACTM50 and ACTM100, which replaced the basal diet with 50% and 100% ACTM instead of ITM; ITM+ACTM12.5 and ITM+ACTM25, which involved adding extra ACTM to the ITM basal diet at 12.5% and 25%, respectively; and ITM125, which used 125% of the recommended levels of ITM in the basal diet. Compared with the HSC treatment, the TNC, ACTM100, and ITM+ACTM25 treatments resulted in increased (P < 0.05) body weight; tibia weight; tibia ash, phosphorus, iron, and manganese contents; secondary antibody titers; and serum TAC and SOD values but decreased (P < 0.05) serum MDA concentrations and the expression levels of the hepatic genes IL-1β, IL-6, and INF-γ. The TNC and ACTM100 groups also showed greater (P < 0.05) feed efficiency, tibia length, tibia zinc content, and hepatic SOD1 expression but exhibited reduced (P < 0.05) hepatic NF-kB expression. Significant increases (P < 0.05) in primary anti-NDV titers, serum GPx1 activity, and Nrf2 and GPx1 gene expression levels were also detected in the ACTM100, ITM+ACTM12.5, and ITM+ACTM25 groups. In conclusion, the findings suggest that replacing ITM with ACTM or adding ACTM to ITM diets, especially at a 25% higher dose, can effectively protect broilers from heat stress by promoting growth, reducing inflammation, and increasing the expression of antioxidant proteins.
Double burden of gestational diabetes and pregnancy-induced hypertension in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies
Authors: Abera Eyob Girma , Gudina Esayas Kebede , Gebremichael Ermias Habte , Sori Demisew Amenu , Yilma Daniel
Published: October 2024

Background

The coexistence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH) amplifies the risk of maternal and perinatal mortality and complications, leading to more severe adverse pregnancy outcomes. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess the double burden of GDM and PIH (GDM/PIH) among pregnant women in Ethiopia.

Methods

A comprehensive systematic search was conducted in the databases of PubMed, Cochrane Library, Science Direct, Embase, and Google Scholar, covering studies published up to May 14, 2023. The analysis was carried out using JBI SUMARI and STATA version 17. Subgroup analyses were computed to demonstrate heterogeneity. A sensitivity analysis was performed to examine the impact of a single study on the overall estimate. Publication bias was assessed through inspection of the funnel plot and statistically using Egger’s regression test.

Result

Of 168 retrieved studies, 15 with a total of 6391 participants were deemed eligible. The pooled prevalence of GDM/PIH co-occurrence among pregnant women in Ethiopia was 3.76% (95% CI; 3.29–4.24). No publication bias was reported, and sensitivity analysis suggested that excluded studies did not significantly alter the pooled prevalence of GDM/PIH co-occurrence. A statistically significant association between GDM and PIH was observed, with pregnant women with GDM being three times more likely to develop PIH compared to those without GDM (OR = 3.44; 95% CI; 2.15–5.53).

Conclusion

This systematic review and meta-analysis revealed a high dual burden of GDM and PIH among pregnant women in Ethiopia, with a significant association between the two morbidities. These findings emphasize the critical need for comprehensive antenatal care programs in Ethiopia to adequately address and monitor both GDM and PIH for improved maternal and perinatal health outcomes.
Evolution and Trends in the Dynamics of Services in Romania: Impacts on the National Economy
Authors: BURLACU Sorin , Camelia IACOB Oana , DOBRE Florin , Cristian BUZOIANU Ovidiu Andrei
Published: October 2024

This article aims to explore the evolution and current trends in the field of services in Romania, analyzing the factors that have influenced the dynamics of this sector and the impact on the national economy. The investigation and research stage of this project focuses on the following aspects: the definition of services, the etymology of the concept and their evolution in Romania. The various categories of services, namely education, tourism, transport, post and telecommunications and health will be examined to highlight their variety and importance in the national economy. A crucial aspect in understanding the dynamics of services in Romania is the identification of the factors that influenced the development of this sector. At the same time, government policy and relevant legislation in the field of services will be investigated, examining the measures taken to support the development and competitiveness of this sector. Another important aspect of the project consists in evaluating the impact of the dynamics of services on the Romanian economy. The contribution of the service sector to the national Gross Domestic Product, employment, exports and regional development will be analyzed. We will also explore the opportunities and challenges facing service businesses in Romania and examine issues related to innovation, digitization and service quality in the context of international competition.
Keywords: development, population, Romania, services
Enabling the Built Environment for Sustainable Living and Climate Resilience
Authors: Siew Goh Cheng , Mokhtar Azizi Zahirah , Mohd Fateh Mohd Ashraf , Bajracharya Arun
Published: October 2024

Climate crises and a myriad of anthropogenic hazards have induced multitude of diverse impacts on the built environment. These complex and interconnected crises bring impacts on the functionality and integrity of the built environment in various material and immaterial manners, exacerbating the already intense socioeconomic conflicts. Sustainable solutions, if properly planned and implemented, can help build more holistic crises resilience in the built environment by enhancing the capability and capacity to increase preparedness and agility of the built environment to disruptions.
This paper aims to provide a better understanding about the research progress on sustainability and resilience of the built environment in response to climate changes. It reviews the impacts of climate crisis on the functionality and integrity of the built environment and examines the importance of integrating resilience in sustainability solution in the built environment.
A framework is proposed to unveil how sustainability solutions with an integration of resilience can provide a more solid approach to accelerate the adaptation to and mitigation of climate change impacts within the built environment. Apart from optimising biodiversity and natural resources-based-solutions, sustainable built environment also facilitates powerful partnerships via social transition for environmental governance and human. Sustainability isn't about decarbonising the built environment. Instead, sustainability would contribute by making systemic changes in the built environment for increased resilience to climate changes and socioeconomic challenges.
 
 
Keywords: Sustainability, built environment; climate change, resilience, adaptation, systematic review
Artificial Intelligence for Sustainable Agribusiness: Innovations and Challenges
Authors: BRAN Florina , Alexandru BODISLAV Dumitru , GOMBOS Svetlana , Petrică ANGHELUȚĂ Sorin
Published: October 2024

The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) in sustainable agribusiness is examined in this research, with particular attention paid to robots, supply chain management, and precision agriculture. AI analyzes a variety of datasets, maximizes resource utilization, forecasts pest outbreaks and production changes, and allows for data-driven decision-making. AI improves supply chain management by lowering food loss, streamlining logistics, and guaranteeing on-time delivery. Robotics powered by AI revolutionize labor-intensive processes, increasing output while reducing the need for chemicals. Notwithstanding its revolutionary potential, issues like data privacy and skill shortages still need to be resolved. Developing AI solutions that are inclusive and appropriate to a given context requires interdisciplinary collaboration. Improved equity and transparency are anticipated from developments in federated learning and explainable AI. All things considered, artificial intelligence (AI) presents hitherto unseen chances to advance sustainability along the agriculture value chain, building food system resilience and equity.
 
 
Keywords: artificial intelligence, sustainability, efficiency, agribusiness, resilience, functionality
A method and tool for Sustainability-driven Computer-Aided Process Planning with user-tuneable optimization
Authors: Chorbikj Marko , Turchi Tommaso , Cavallaro Marco , Gigante Valencia Fernando , Núñez Ariño María José , Taboas Carrero César , Martín Casado César
Published: October 2024

This paper introduces the methodology framework, and a cloud-based Sustainability-driven Computer-Aided Process Planning (s-CAPP) tool aimed at optimizing efficiency and sustainability aspects of manufacturing operations at shopfloor level, considering a user-tailored optimization goal function. Geometric data extracted from 3D models of the parts to be produced are coupled with process parameters and resource consumption data from the manufacturing equipment in order to analyze the metrics for productivity and sustainability accordingly. By leveraging comprehensive data resources in manufacturing, s-CAPP allows companies to balance their production plans between productivity and sustainability through a user-friendly interface. Its application in a furniture manufacturing case study demonstrates its potential for process planning by prioritizing between productivity or sustainability, showcasing promising results. The presented s-CAPP implementation assists the production managers in taking decisions regarding sustainability and productivity in the production of batches through the prompting of intuitive visual results, impacting on both economic and environmental sides.
 
 Keywords: sustainability-driven manufacturing, process planning, cloud-based computing, furniture manufacturing, process simulation, data-driven manufacturing, feature extraction
The Impact of Artificial Intelligence in the Educational Field
Authors: Cristian VASILACHE Petrut , Adrian TROACA Victor , PARGARU Ion , VATASE Florin
Published: October 2024

Recently, the concept of Artificial Intelligence has caused concern not only in the scientific community but also in the media sphere, primarily due to the lack of a universally agreed-upon definition. There is a lack of consensus among people regarding a comprehensive definition of intelligence, and even more so regarding artificial intelligence. Given these circumstances, the growing prevalence of the notion of Intelligence Artificial intelligence has advanced to the extent that it is now a vital element in nearly every sector of today's contemporary economy, exerting a substantial influence on our personal, societal, and political spheres. The foundation of this idea is based on the premise that human intelligence can be precisely described, allowing for the creation of a machine capable of simulating it. This gives rise to philosophical debates concerning the nature of consciousness and the moral implications of developing synthetic entities possessing human-like cognitive abilities. Artificial intelligence presents a myriad of challenges related to comprehension, responsibility, and confidence.
 
 
Keywords: artificial intelligence, development, technology, education
Impact of Digital Empowerment on University Performance: Evidence from Northern Border University in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Ibrahim Ahmed Ibrahim Hassan
Published: October 2024

The COVID-19 pandemic, known as Covid-19, has caused unprecedented disruption in global education systems, impacting approximately 1.6 billion students across over 190 countries and affecting universities and other educational institutions profoundly. In response to this crisis, educational institutions have increasingly turned to technological advancements and the implementation of distance learning and e-learning platforms as viable alternatives to traditional educational methods. This shift has necessitated faculty members to assume new roles, managing educational processes through virtual classrooms, taking part in remote collaboration in interdisciplinary teams and making decisions pertaining to distance education. The implementation of digital empowerment in educational settings is contingent upon these endeavors. The purpose of this research is to evaluate the effect of digital empowerment on institutional performance at universities. In order to do this, 320 people, or 23% of the study population, responded to a questionnaire that was issued to 1,358 faculty members in order to test a number of hypotheses. Multiple regression analysis results show that 40.2% of the variance in institutional performance may be explained by digital empowerment and the five sub-variables it was explored in this study. This emphasizes how important digital empowerment is for improving university operations, especially at Northern Border University.
Keywords: Remote learning, digital learning platforms, and academic institutions
Assessing the Complexity of Decarbonised Power Systems as a Means Towards a Sustainable Society: Trends and Hotspots
Authors: Momete Daniela Cristina
Published: October 2024

This paper aims to assess the complexity of decarbonized power systems by mapping the trends in the field of low carbon electricity over the period 2000-2023 employing an analysis of the scientific publications. This paper addresses the power sector as it plays an essential role in supporting global efforts towards a sustainable society. The paper provides an overview of decarbonised electricity trends by a quantitative analysis of publications, extracted from Dimensions database and explores relevant literature employing VOSviewer as a visualisation tool. The scientometric analysis reveals the main literature streams by using a semantic map, citation and co-citation analyses. The paper shows an increased preoccupation in the field, starting with 2000, and reveals the most relevant works. Moreover, by aggregating bibliometric data, the paper uncovers the social networks associated with the field and points the interested researchers towards the most influential works. By doing so, the paper provides a better understanding of the complexity of the field of decarbonised power system and allows the identification of current research directions and paves the way towards future research paths. 
Keywords: sustainable development, decarbonised power, quantitative research; climate change
Impact of Public Policies and Initiatives on Corporate Social Responsibility of Healthcare Institutions
Authors: Al-marshad Sultan O. , Kilase Ajoud Mohamed Eid
Published: October 2024

The present study aims to examines the impact of public policies and initiatives on corporate social responsibility of the healthcare institutions working in the Northern Border Regions of Saudi Arabia. The study used descriptive and analytical methodology. The questionnaire was designed, and distributed to the random sample of 300 members of the staff chosen from the healthcare institutions including public hospitals, private hospitals and health centers. The descriptive statistics results showed that all variables of the study are characterized by a mean value higher than 3.  Moreover, results showed that all the variables of the public policies and initiatives have a statistically significant effect on the environment indicators of corporate social responsibility. On the hand, the legal framework and the capacity building have positive effect on the CSR  however, integrating activities impact the environment indicators of social responsibility negatively.
Keywords: Public Policies, Corporate Social Responsibility, governance, initiatives, integrating activities
Ethical Benefits and Challenges in Insurance: Framework of Introducing Pillar IV Regulation to Solvency II
Authors: Rangu Călin Mihail , Badea Leonardo , McGee Robert W. , Șcheau Mircea Constantin , Radu Valentin
Published: October 2024

The paper delves into the concept of Pillar IV, which addresses the recovery, resolution, and orderly exit from the insurance market within the framework of Solvency II - an essential tool for insurers' supervision. While Solvency II has undoubtedly reduced the risk of insolvency for insurers, it hasn't eliminated it. Therefore, this research aims to conduct a comparative analysis of various market models and proposals from authorities to come up with the best possible solutions for recovery stages, mechanisms to be implemented in the case of economic non-viability of the insurer, and resolution mechanisms to ensure a seamless exit from insolvency. The article evaluates different resolution methods, weighing their benefits and challenges, considering the interests of consumers, and the roles of regulatory and resolution authorities. The authors suggest a set of best practices, solutions, and guidelines to implement a resolution through regulations, which can be used to establish Pillar IV and enhance the level of preparedness of insurers. The goal is to avoid the adverse systemic effects of a traditional bankruptcy, which could significantly impact consumers, the economy, and public funds. 
Keywords: Solvency II; Resolution; Insurance; Recovery; Bail-in
Promoting Sustainability in the Automotive Industry: Economic Comparison of Dealer Sales Model and Agency Sales Model of Electric Vehicles in Slovakia
Authors: Kovalova Erika , Vartiak Lukas
Published: October 2024

Electrification is becoming an increasingly important part of many industries. Electrification is a crucial area of interest in developing electric vehicles and charging infrastructure in the automotive industry. Research and innovation in the field of electric vehicles indicate positive trends. The rise in sales of electric vehicles represents a significant shift away from traditional fossil fuel-powered technologies to more sustainable and efficient alternatives. Electrification also brings with it new trends in sales models. The paper aims to identify recommendations for the practical adaptation of the importer of electric vehicles in the Slovak market based on the analysis of the financial and economic impacts of the sale of electric vehicles. This paper approaches two essential research topics. The first research topic focuses on the analysis of vehicle sales, specifically electric vehicles, and based on the analysis of existing sales, the paper will also outline the sales plan of the selected brand in the period 2023–2025. The second research topic focuses on changes in the business model for the sale of electric vehicles. One of the findings is that a specific indirect sales model for the automotive industry, i.e. selling vehicles through dealers, is used. In the long run, the new agency sales model standards should help correct many of the shortcomings of the current sales system. The effects on the profitability of sellers can be defined mainly by smaller financial costs caused by the cancellation of storage spaces, smaller credit indebtedness resulting from not creating warehouse stocks, and a greater focus on sales and additional services aimed at the end customer. Agency selling also allows the seller to get precious data about the customer and feedback directly to the manufacturer, which can serve as a valuable source of information for improving goods and services, which, in the long run, can lead to greater profitability for sellers. However, the Agency sales model is also coming to the fore. In this paper, the given types of business models are compared, their advantages and disadvantages are highlighted, and last but not least, the expected profits of the analysed company are calculated for both types of sales models.   
Keywords: agency sales model, business model, dealer sales model, economic comparison, electric vehicle
Social Work's Role in Sustainable Agriculture: Driving Economic Self-Sufficiency and Social Integration
Authors: Donéeová Hana , Zvánovcová Veronika , Šetek Jaroslav , Alina Jiří
Published: October 2024

In the context of the social challenges of the global space for implementing projects to promote sustainable agriculture in rural areas, agriculture represents significant potential due to its multifunctionality (economic, social, ecological). In the context of agricultural projects - farms - this type of assistance can increase the labour market potential of disadvantaged populations. This is mainly through employment or social activation activities, which help improve the quality of life of socially disadvantaged people, their economic self-sufficiency, and their integration into society. In the context of sustainable development, agricultural projects play an essential role in maintaining social stability and reliability at the macro level. This paper aims to highlight the importance of social work and its position in projects promoting sustainable development. On the one hand, social work represents the position of a "transfer mechanism" between the management of economic and ecological processes with an agricultural orientation and the disadvantaged clients of social projects on the other hand. 
Keywords: sustainable agriculture, disadvantaged groups, client-family, human capital development, global space
Hosting Large Sports Events Sustainably: A Contemporary Administrative and Economic Evaluation
Authors: Kamenecka-Usova Marina , Lejniece Ilona , Zalcmane Karina
Published: October 2024

In the modern era characterized by digitalization and technological advancement, it is especially important to understand whether the country is ready to host large sports events sustainably from contemporary legal, administrative and economic point of view. Therefore, the aim to explore the administrative and economic dimensions of hosting large sports events through the lens of sustainability. This evaluation is crucial for policymakers, event organizers, and stakeholders committed to fostering a balance between economic gains, environmental preservation, and social well-being in the planning and execution of future large-scale sporting events.
The methodological foundation of the study is built upon a range of general scientific methods, including the monographic, analytical, historical, and comparative methods, as well as the techniques of induction and deduction. Additionally, the study employs various methods for interpreting legal norms, such as grammatical, historical, teleological, and systemic approaches. 
Keywords: economic activity and impact assessment, good governance, sports law
Co – creation Approaches to Improve Conservation Efforts of African Elephant Populations in Nigeria
Authors: J Fada Salamatu , C. Omotoriogun Taiwo , O. Amusa Tajudeen , A. Danmallam Bello , Solomon Kumdet Panshak , Akintunde Elijah , Zakari Muhammad Naziru
Published: October 2024

Scientific sources and the IUCN reveal the decline in African Elephant populations, and new Redlist status for both the Forest and Savannah African Elephants. Efforts are ongoing to improve conservation of Forest and Savannah Elephants in Nigeria through engagement of local communities adjoining Protected Areas. This study investigates the willingness of local communities to co-create approaches that support elephants’ conservation efforts. The study was carried out in Omo Forest Reserve, South – western, Nigeria and Yankari Game Reserve, North-eastern part of the country, for forest and savannah Elephants respectively. Mixed methods of questionnaires, outreaches, and youth engagement were used to collect data. The data was analyzed using simple averages, chi-square, and ANOVA tests. The study’s findings reveal that 95.0% of participants agree that elephants should be protected. About 88.0% of the participants also agree that communities will benefit from elephant protection and 60.0% attribute the value of elephants to eco- tourism, while 45.0% for revenue generation. In addition, 41.0% of the participants have experience in co-creation approaches for wildlife conservation. Participants showed willingness and support to participate in elephant conservation efforts. Therefore, concerted efforts of co – creation approaches need to be further explored for sustainable elephant conservation efforts in Nigeria.
 
Key words: co-creation, elephant conservation, sustainability, local communities, biodiversity
Pseudomonas alloputida and Pseudomonas taiwanensis in a process of degradation of polymer materials
Authors: Mazuryk Alicja , Lisewska Daria , Fiedurek Kacper , Janczak Katarzyna
Published: October 2024

The literature indicates that the source of microorganisms with the potential of polymer biodegradation may be in particular anthropogenically degraded areas such as landfills, contaminated areas of former factories and processing plants. These environments often contain polymer waste, especially in the form of microplastics. Biodegradation is a significant microbiological process in which bacteria or fungi with hydrolytic activity are essential. Polylactide (PLA) is one of the most commonly used biodegradable polymer materials. Its biodegradation in mesophilic conditions is difficult due to too low temperature. In order to improve and accelerate this process, microorganisms that can be effective in mesophilic biodegradation of PLA were selected. Isolated environmental bacteria, Pseudomonas alloputida and Pseudomonas taiwanensis, were identified as high hydrolytic towards complex organic compounds and polymer materials. They accelerate the degradation of PLA, as demonstrated by the results of infrared Fourier analysis (FTIR-ATR), SEM-EDX microscopic analysis and physico-mechanical values. Obtained results indicate the application potential of the tested bacteria to significantly decrease soil and compost contamination.
 
 
Keywords: biodegradation, polylactide, hydrolytic activity, environmental bacteria
The influence of AI Anxiety and Neuroticism in Attitudes toward Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Florin Stănescu Dan , Constantin Romașcanu Marius
Published: October 2024

This paper examines the impact of AI anxiety and neuroticism on attitudes toward Artificial Intelligence (AI) through a quantitative approach. With the pervasive integration of AI technologies across diverse domains like social media platforms, smart devices, healthcare, and education, gaining insight into how individuals perceive and engage with AI becomes essential. A sample of 197 participants (32 males, and 165 females) completed surveys assessing their levels of AI anxiety, neuroticism, and attitudes toward AI. The data were collected via Google Forms using the following structured questionnaires: Artificial Intelligence Anxiety Scale (AIA), Artificial Intelligence Attitude Scale (AIAS-4), and Neuroticism Scale. The findings indicate significant negative correlations between AI anxiety (r=-.286, p<.01), neuroticism (r=-.196, p<.01), and attitudes toward AI, suggesting that individuals with higher levels of AI anxiety and neuroticism are inclined towards adopting more skeptical viewpoints regarding AI technologies. Moreover, the AI anxiety subscales (learning, r=-.152, p<.05; job replacement, r=-.257, p<.01; sociotechnical blindness, r=-.302, p<.01, and AI configuration, r=-.256, p<.01) also showed negative significant correlations with the attitudes toward AI. At the same time, neuroticism showed significant positive correlations with the composite score of AI anxiety (r=.301, p<.01) and all its subscales (learning, r=.219, p<.01; job replacement, r=.250, p<.01; sociotechnical blindness, r=.226, p<.01, and AI configuration, r=.277, p<.01). Understanding the role of AI anxiety and neuroticism in shaping attitudes toward AI can inform the development of strategies to mitigate negative perceptions and foster more positive attitudes toward AI technologies
 
 
Keywords: artificial intelligence, anxiety, neuroticism, mediation
The Integration of Machine Learning in Central Banks: Implications and Innovations
Authors: Alexandru BODISLAV Dumitru , BRAN Florina , Elena PETRESCU Irina , Carol GOMBOȘ Cristina
Published: October 2024

The effectiveness of using artificial intelligence (AI) techniques to lessen the negative effects of economic cycles is examined in this study article. Economic cycles, which are defined by variations in the level of economic activity, present important difficulties for decision-makers in government, business, and society at large. This research investigates many approaches to reducing economic cycles, such as forecasting, policy creation, and adaptive decision-making, by utilizing AI, namely machine learning algorithms. The first section of the paper reviews the body of research on economic cycles and how artificial intelligence might be used to address them. After that, it explores certain AI methods including neural networks, time series analysis, and natural language processing, explaining how they might be used for risk management and economic forecasting. Additionally, the study investigates AI-driven policy interventions, examining how machine learning algorithms might be used to optimize monetary and fiscal policies in order to sustain growth and prevent economic downturns. The study also addresses the difficulties and constraints that come with using AI technologies in economic management, such as problems with algorithmic biases, data quality, and legal considerations. It highlights how crucial interdisciplinary cooperation and openness are to creating AI-driven solutions that are reliable, moral, and socially conscious. This research paper offers insights into the possible advantages and disadvantages of employing AI tools for damping economic cycles through empirical analysis and case studies. In order to fully realize AI's promise in fostering resilience and stability in the economy, it ends by presenting future research areas and policy suggestions.
 
 
Keywords: artificial intelligence, trend, economic cycles, resilience
Disaster management of COVID-19: A study of India
Authors: K. Vedia Puranjay , Kumar Kulshreshthab Pradeep
Published: October 2024

COVID-19 capsulated the whole world in a dangerous loop of death and crippled the transformative capacity of science and technology to save the mankind. Law, once monopolized by man, was soon hijacked by the law of nature and the only remedy available was to draw boundaries (in form of lockdown). Legislative measures, medical facilities, and vaccine drives altogether helped in timely control of COVID-19; however, the world statistical data is evident of the fact that few countries were able to manage COVID-19 very well in contrast to others. It is true that no country was prepared for COVID-19 and neither was India, however, India objectified the interpretation of its existing legislations purposefully to control the spread of COVID-19. The objective of this article is to narrate the best practices adopted by India which helped in timely control of COVID-19 and finally suggest guidelines to control such pandemics in future.
 
 
Keywords: COVID-19, Disaster Management, Drugs, Lockdown, Vaccines.
Integrating Blue-Green Infrastructure strategies to enhance climate resilience in Colombia.
Authors: Medina Rivera Laura , Faggian Robert
Published: October 2024

Colombia is a tropical developing country that faces frequent and unpredictable flood events. Previous efforts to mitigate the impacts of flood have revolved around traditional approaches like the construction of levees. However, as seen in other parts of the world, levees often make flooding worse. Considering the increasing frequency and severity of extreme weather associated with a changing climate, it is clear there is a pressing need for more effective strategies to mitigate the impacts of extreme weather events. However, poor data availability makes understanding flood risk and developing new approaches a difficult task.
This research examines the feasibility of Blue-Green Infrastructure (BGI) as a nature-based methodological approach to deal with flooding focuses, focusing on the Guarapas River and Pitalito town, in regional Colombia. Utilizing PCSWMM as a modelling tool, the study demonstrates the applicability of BGI in reducing peak flow. Validating the model proved difficult given the substantial gaps in official data sources. So, it was necessary to use proxies such as social media posts of flood events, to determine the date and severity of flood events in the town.
The analysis revealed that deploying a limited number of BGI elements can mitigate the adverse effects of floods in a cost-effective manner, and that the underpinning modelling could be carried out using data proxies such as local news reports and social media posts. This research contributes to the growing body of knowledge on BGI as a valuable solution for flood management in a changing climate but does so in a developing country context. By showcasing the feasibility of BGI in reducing peak flow and enhancing resilience in a region with limited data resources, this study shows that it is possible for developing countries to move away from traditional and sometimes increasingly ineffective solution. Barriers to adoption are still significant. But nature-based solutions to flooding represent a new, proactive measure in addressing the challenges posed by climate change, with implications for policymakers and stakeholders involved in sustainable planning.
 
Keywords: Blue-Green Infrastructure, Climate change, Sustainable development, Developing countries, Water management.