bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bile acid-mediated activation of hepatic stellate cells and myeloid cell leukemia- 1 triggers hepatocarcinogenesis
Authors: Cho Yuri , Lee Minjong , Park Min Ji , Jung Narae , Shin Hyunjae , Kim Bo Hyun , Park Joong-Won
Published: August 2024

Objective
Activated hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) promote hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell growth and migration. Senescent and cancer-associated fibroblasts express various factors contributing to tumor progression, collectively called the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). Herein, we investigated the mechanism underlying the bile acid-mediated induction of HSC activation via SASP expression in HCC cells.
Methods
Serum samples from 296 patients with HCC were used to analyze IL-6 levels and survival. IL-6 mRNA levels were quantified using real-time PCR. A mouse xenograft model was used to confirm the role of the SASP. MTT and invasion assays were performed to evaluate the invasive ability of HCC cells (Huh-BAT, SNU-761, and Huh-SR) co-cultured with HSCs (LX-2 cells). Western blotting was performed to investigate the levels of survival signals.
Results
Bile acid increased the expression of mesenchymal markers and myeloid cell leukemia-1 (Mcl-1) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) proteins in HCC cells and HSCs. Inhibiting Mcl-1 induction or COX-2 activity decreased bile acid-mediated HCC invasion. Takeda G protein-coupled receptor 5 (TGR5) activation-dependent Mcl-1 and COX-2 expression enhanced gene transcription. Bile acid significantly increased IL-6 levels and HCC cell invasion in HSC/HCC cell co-cultures compared to HCC cell monocultures. The IL-6 + MoRAL score also showed significant discrimination in overall survival (Harrell’s c-index 0.765, p < 0.0001) of HCC patients. A mouse xenograft model revealed that Mcl-1 short hairpin RNA transfection, not celecoxib treatment, significantly suppressed Huh-SR cell growth.
Conclusion
Bile acid-mediated activation of HSCs enhances the proliferation and invasion of HCC cells via the expression of SASP proteins, including IL-6. TGR-5-dependent Mcl-1 overexpression may be a key factor in hepatocarcinogenesis.
Coherent Detection of Discrete Variable Quantum Key Distribution using Homodyne Technique
Authors: KAMRAN MUHAMMAD KAMRAN MUHAMMAD , JAMAL AYEHSA JAMAL AYEHSA , MALIK TAHIR MALIK TAHIR , Haque Fahim Ul Haque Fahim Ul , KHAN MUHAMMAD MUBASHHIR KHAN MUHAMMAD MUBASHHIR
Published: August 2024

In Discrete Variable Quantum Key Distribution (DV-QKD), the homodyne detection method is frequently employed for its simplicity in use, effectiveness in terms of error correction, and suitability with contemporary optical communication systems. Being a coherent detection method, it relies on a local oscillator whose frequency is matched to that of the transmitted carrier's signal. In this paper, we evaluate a Free Space Optical (FSO) DV-QKD system based on the KMB09 protocol using Homodyne detection under random phase fluctuation and depolarizing noise error. We present simulation results for System Efficiency and Quantum Bit Error Rate (QBER) for the proposed model. An obtained efficiency ({$25\%$}) for our proposed DV-QKD system model shows that under atmospheric turbulence and noise effect and it is in line with the available analytical results. However, the inclusion of random phase fluctuation and noise led to higher-than-normal QBER which is anticipated in a real-world scenario.
Experimental study of irrigation rate, ODC and intrarenal temperature in superpulse fiber thulium laser lithotripsy
Authors: ding tianfu , li jianxng
Published: August 2024

The present study aimed to examine the relationship of irrigation velocity, operator duty cycle (ODC), and intrarenal temperature during extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy with a superpulse fiber thulium laser. Calcium oxalate monohydrate stones were implanted in the renal pelvis of fresh pig kidneys. Puncture technology was used to place a temperature probe accurately in the renal parenchyma about 2 mm away from the stone. To simulate the temperature at which a human body is exposed, that is, 37°C, the experiment was executed in an equilibrated laboratory at a constant temperature of 25°C with 60% humidity. The power of the laser varied between 10W and 30W; that of the irrigation varied from 10 to 30 ml/min. The time that the laser was applied was set at 120 s. Changes in the temperature were recorded online. A direct proportionality of temperature in the kidney to the rate of irrigation has been reported between 10 W and 30 W laser powers. The percentage ratio of the rate of irrigation and power in the laser is 1:1, which can keep the temperature in the kidney at a safe level. More specifically, at a laser power of 20 W and irrigation of 10 ml/min, the temperature inside the kidney increases sharply with the increase in ODC. By decreasing the ratio of ODC, the increase of temperature inside the kidney can be brought to a great reduction. The ratio of laser power to that of irrigation speed should be 1:1; hence, damage or injury to kidney tissue can be efficiently prevented from thermal changes.
Deciding the Appropriate Sample Size for Clinical Trials: A complex interplay between power, effect size, and cost
Authors: Sandoval Pedro , Vilaprinyó Ester , Alves Rui , Sorribas Albert
Published: August 2024

Background: Sample size is a key factor in planning a clinical trial. Decisions regarding sample size are typically based on ensuring the statistical power of the test of interest. However, this does not always guarantee a precise estimate of the treatment effect. It is important to understand the distinction between these two aspects of a trial.
Methods: Although many computational tools exist for calculating sample size, researchers do not always fully grasp the various issues that must be considered before making a final decision. We propose using simulations to assist in this process. By doing so, researchers can explore different scenarios and better understand the distinction between statistical power and precision in estimating treatment effects.
Results: We developed two user-friendly applications using the Shiny package in R. To achieve our goals, we focused on two basic designs: (i) two-arm clinical trials with a binary outcome and (ii) multi-arm clinical trials with a normally distributed outcome. These applications facilitate understanding the selection of sample size and highlight the practical limitations of making decisions based solely on statistical power.
Conclusion: Simulation is a useful tool for complementing sample size computation and understanding the possible results associated with that decision. While statistical power is an important concept, decisions on sample size should also consider the precision in estimating treatment effects.
Impact of covid-19 on patient care delivery among nurses at a tertiary health facility in Northern Malawi: A qualitative phenomenological study
Authors: Munthali Vitumbiko Yagontha , Chimbatata Nathaniel Weluzani , Bvumbwe Thokozani , Mbakaya Balwani Chingatichifwe , Phiri Tamara
Published: August 2024

Background
The emergence of COVID-19, caused by the novel SARS-CoV-2 virus, has posed profound challenges to the healthcare delivery system worldwide. This pandemic has not only resulted in severe illness and high mortality rates but has also significantly impacted the management of patients affected by the disease. This study aimed at exploring the impact of Covid-19 on patient care delivery among nurses, focusing on the concepts of Person, Environment, Health, Nursing, and Adaptation within the framework of the Adaptation Model of Nursing.
Method
The study employed a qualitative phenomenological design at Mzuzu Central Hospital (MCH), focusing on nurses involved in caring for COVID-19 patients. Purposive sampling, was used to selected 11 participants who met our criteria. An interview guide was used to conduct in-depth interviews to gather qualitative data. Data was analysed using Nvivo software for thematic analysis. Ethical clearance was obtained from the Mzuzu University Research Ethics Committee (MZUNIREC REF NO: MZUNIREC/DOR/23/110).
Findings:
We conducted interviews with 11 participants until we gathered sufficient data. The participant’s dedication to provide care was their passion for patient welfare. Some also highlighted financial incentives like allowances as contributing factors. Participants described a multifaceted approach that included emotional resilience, adherence to guidelines, and evolving perspectives. Challenges such as resource shortages, societal reactions and environmental conditions.
Conclusion
This study explored the impact of COVID-19 on patient care delivery among nurses at Mzuzu Central Hospital using the Adaptation model of nursing. Nurses faced challenges such as staff shortages among others. Organizational policies can harness healthcare professionals' intrinsic motivation, stemming from their passion for patient welfare, to enhance and maintain their commitment to care. Organizational policies can harness healthcare professionals' intrinsic motivation, stemming from their passion for patient welfare, to enhance and maintain their commitment to care.
Hybrid filtration of sinter dust: An alternative for air pollution control in steel industries
Authors: de Castro Bruno José Chiaramonte , Andrade Bárbara Karolinne Silva Araújo , de Lacerda Camila Raquel , Sartim Rafael , Aguiar Mônica Lopes
Published: August 2024

Air pollution control devices need to be more and more efficient to meet air quality regulations. A promising approach is the hybrid filter, which encompasses the operating principles of electrostatic precipitation and fabric filtration. However, the performance of hybrid filters for the steel industry has not yet been addressed. This paper reports on a study which evaluated the performance of a bench-scale hybrid filter, composed of an electrostatic precipitator and a fabric filter connected in series, in the sinter dust collection. Limestone was also used as particulate matter and the results for the two dusts were compared. For both dusts, at the highest level of applied electric field, the time elapsed until the maximum pressure drop was considerably longer than the time with no applied voltage, and the dust collection efficiencies were close to 100%. For the sinter dust, although the applied voltage promoted the preferential collection of finer particles on the fabric, the cake porosities were not changed.
Farm scale management of natural enemy resources and the effect on insect biological control across a semi natural habitat gradient
Authors: Lavandero Blas , Madonado-Santos Enrique , Muñoz-Quilodran Estefania , González-Chang Mauricio , Salazar Angel , Zepeda-Paulo Francisca , Villegas Cinthya
Published: August 2024

Agricultural land use and its disruption of natural landscapes threatens the provision of ecosystem services, such as biological control by natural enemies because of habitat simplification and management intensification. The notion that surrounding non-crop habitat may improve biological control of crop pests by beneficial natural enemies (eg., predators and parasitoids) has emerged as a paradigm for conservation biocontrol. However most studies that evaluate the effect of local management practices rarely identify and include other important predictors such as landscape compositional values of habitat which can have great repercussions for nectar provision. We here study the effect of in-farm flower strip use on the control of aphids in a semi natural habitat (SNH) gradient. The mean number of aphids per plant varied among farms, with significantly more aphids on farms without flower strips. The % SNH negatively affected the mean number of aphids per farm. The proportion of parasitized aphids per plant was significantly affected by the landscape predictor as well as the treatment, with greater mummification rates with flowers and greater % SNH. Predators did not respond to either the treatment or the % of SNH surrounding the farms. Flower strips of faba beans and buckwheat in the field positively affected Diaeretiella rapae, as has been shown before laboratory studies, being independent of the landscape context here considered, and could be an important management strategy to decrease Brevicoryne brassicae in brassica crops in the field.
Selection of the minimum data set and quantitative soil quality index for different Rhododendron simsii forest communities in southwestern China
Authors: Cao Yang , Zhang Wenting , Dai Lihua , Tian Ao
Published: August 2024

Background and Aims:
Soil quality assessment is crucial for achieving sustainable soil management and maintaining ecosystem health. However, there is limited research on soil quality assessments in Rhododendron simsii forests.
Methods
In this study, we selected 17 soil physicochemical indicators as the total data set (TDS) and utilised principal component analysis (PCA) to construct the minimum data set (MDS). Linear/nonlinear scoring functions and additive/weighted additive methods were employed to calculate four soil quality indices (SQIs) to determine the SQIs of R. simsii forest communities (RD, Rhododendron delavayi; RI, Rhododendron irroratum; RM, Rhododendron delavayi × Rhododendron irroratum).
Results
The capillary porosity, total nitrogen, carbon-to-nitrogen ratio, and soil carbon density were identified as the MDS. The four SQIs showed consistent performance and exhibited significant positive correlations with each other (P < 0.001, n > 15). Nonlinear weighted additive integration (SQINL−W) yielded the highest discriminative effectiveness for the SQI among the R. simsii forest communities (R2 = 0.848). The SQI of the Rhododendron delavayi forest was the highest, followed by that of the Rhododendron delavayi × Rhododendron irroratum forest of both species, and both community types exhibited significantly greater SQIs than did the Rhododendron irroratum forest.
Conclusion
Our findings indicated that prioritizing Rhododendron delavayi in the planting and cultivation of Rhododendron simsii or incorporating Rhododendron delavayi when planting Rhododendron irroratum can effectively enhance soil quality. Additionally, SQINL−W can provide a practical and relatively accurate quantitative tool for evaluating the SQ of rhododendron forests.
Numerical simulation study on the influence of bend diameter rate on the flow characteristics of nature gas hydrate particles
Authors: Rao Yongchao , Wang Yunxiao , Wang Shuli , Gong Zijia , Zhang Chenglong
Published: August 2024

Bend pipe is a common part of long distance pipeline. It is of great significance to accurately grasp the flow law of hydrate particles in the bend pipe to optimize the pipeline design, improve the production efficiency and ensure the safety of gas transmission pipeline. With the flow of hydrate particles in a curved pipe as the object of study, the effects of Bend diameter rate and Reynolds number on the velocity distribution, turbulent kinetic energy change, wall shear force, particle motion and pressure drop distribution of the spiral flow carrying hydrate particles were investigated by numerical simulation method.The results show that the smaller the rate of bend to diameter, the easier the high speed zone is to appear inside the bend. Moreover, the uniformity of the velocity distribution of the fluid flowing through the bend is slower with the smaller the rate of the bend to the diameter. Increasing the Reynolds number of the initial transport can maintain the helical flow strength of the fluid after passing through the bend pipe, so that the flow can obtain higher tangential force. The presence of the twisted tape leads to greater flow resistance, which makes the pressure drop increase at the position of the twisted tape different. At the same position, the Reynolds number is larger, and the pressure drop increases larger, and the Bend diameter rate is larger, and the fluid speed recovers faster, and the velocity is smaller, and the unit pressure drop is smaller. The increase of Reynolds number can reduce the resistance coefficient of the Bend part, but the increase of the Bend diameter rate makes the resistance coefficient decrease first and then increase.
A Prospective Multicentre Study Evaluating the Performance of the Simple Biliary Atresia Scoring System in Predicting Biliary Atresia
Authors: Mahat Nooraini , Chiang Li Wei , Chen Yong , Hadi Nazrul , Abdullah Mohd Yusof , Sanmugam Anand , Singaravel Srihari , Soe Htoo Htoo Kyaw , Nah Shireen Anne
Published: August 2024

Purpose:
Early diagnosis of biliary atresia (BA) is critical for best outcomes, but is challenged by overlapping clinical manifestations with other causes of obstructive jaundice in neonates and infants. We evaluate the performance of the Simple BA Scoring System (SBASS) in diagnosing BA.
Methods:
With ethical approval, we performed a prospective, cross-sectional study on all infants with cholestatic jaundice referred to three paediatric surgical tertiary centres from June 2021-December 2022. Diagnosis of BA was confirmed by cholangiography and histological findings. We excluded patients who had excretion of hepatic iminodiacetic acid, and those without all SBASS score parameters available. SBASS scoring was applied to all patients and scores were compared to the eventual diagnosis. The score consists of two ultrasonographic findings (gall bladder length < 1.6cm score 1, presence of triangular cord sign score 1), and two laboratory variables (conjugated bilirubin:total bilirubin ratio > 0.7 score 2, gamma-glutamyl transferase(GGT) > 200 U/L score 2). The maximum score was 6.
Results:
Of 97 patients referred, 73 were included in this study: 46 (63%) male, 64(87%) term babies. Fifty-two (71%) had BA (age 57 days [range 45–68]) while 21(29%) were non-BA (age 59 days, [range 54–68]). In the non-BA group, 6 (28%) had percutaneous cholangiography (PTC) while 15(72%) had intraoperative cholangiogram (IOC). At a cut-off of 3, the scoring system showed a sensitivity of 96.2%, specificity of 61.9% positive predictive value of 86.2%, negative predictive value of 86.7%, and overall accuracy of 86.3%. GGT had the highest sensitivity (94.2%) of the four clinical parameters, while triangular cord sign was the most specific (95.2%) in diagnosing BA.
Conclusion:
Our study shows that the SBASS provides a bedside, non-invasive scoring system to differentiate BA from other cholestatic jaundice causes in infants. Utilizing this scoring system allows for the exclusion of BA using a low risk method and reduces the likelihood of negative surgical explorations.
Exploring Purine Analogues as Inhibitors against Katanin, a Microtubule Severing Enzyme using Molecular Modeling Approach
Authors: Kumbhar Bajarang , Saxena Vibhuti , Patil Pruthanka , Khodke Purva
Published: August 2024

Katanin, a pioneering microtubule-severing enzyme, is a novel AAA-ATPase protein. It severs microtubules by forming hexamers that binds to the C-terminal tails of tubulin, using ATP hydrolysis to generate the force necessary to break the microtubule lattice. Katanin contributes to microtubule amplification and impact the growth of carcinomas. Hence, katanin is a highly promising target for anti-cancer drug development. This study aims to identify potential purine-based inhibitors against katanin by using structure-based virtual screening, PASS and ADME-T prediction, docking, and molecular dynamics simulations. Here, purine-based library of 2,76,280 compounds from the PubChem Database were utilized, and top two purine type inhibitors (PubChem ID: 122589735, and 123629569) were selected based on superior binding energy, ADME-T, and biological activity. Furthermore, molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations study revealed that 122589735 and 123629569 compounds effectively alter katanin's structure and dynamics as compared to ATP. Besides, binding energy calculations indicate that 122589735 exhibits higher binding affinity with katanin compared to 123629569 and ATP. Thus, our computational study identifies potential purine-based katanin inhibitors that exhibit higher affinity for katanin than ATP and may have implications for various carcinomas. This research paves the way for developing novel, anti-cancer therapies targeting a range of carcinoma types.
A model for shaping well-being and healthy habits at work through tailored physical activity among employees working remotely or in a hybrid mode resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic organisational changes: Study protocol
Authors: Paluszak Adam , Molek-Winiarska Dorota , Chomątowska Barbara , Winiarski Sławomir
Published: August 2024

Background: This study aims to create a comprehensive model for shaping well-being and healthy habits at work through tailored training in physical activity among remote workers.
Methods: The project will consist of an experimental study with a control group and two experimental samples in which general or tailored physical activity training will be conducted. It is assumed that both types of physical activity (general and tailored) might reduce musculoskeletal problems and presenteeism and improve well-being in a short time. However, a tailored type of training, prepared to reduce pain in specific muscles associated with long-term sedentary work, along with a detailed explanation of how exercises influence the muscles, will allow the development of healthy work habits and decrease negative symptoms in a long-term period. Therefore, short-term effects on well-being, presenteeism and musculoskeletal problems will be tested immediately after training and long-term ones – three months after the end of the training. Well-being at work, presenteeism, work habits and workstations will be measured using research questionnaires. The level of musculoskeletal complaints will also be assessed using a standardised questionnaire specifying the location and the level of pain caused by the ailments. In addition, objective assessment tools will be used – electromyography (measuring the level of fatigue of specific muscles) and myotonometry (determining the level of muscle stiffness).
Discussion: It is expected that physical activity will increase the level of well-being, reduce the level of presenteeism and reduce the subjective feeling of musculoskeletal ailments after finishing the training. However, tailored training is assumed to reduce muscle strain and overload more than general training. Also, subjects from the tailored training group are expected to continue exercising after finishing the program. This can ultimately impact overall well-being and increase work productivity. The project may establish a comprehensive model that fosters well-being and cultivates healthy work habits through personalised physical activity regimens for employees.
Trial registration
The study has been submitted for registration at Austrialian New Zealand Clinical Trial Registry (ANZCTR) and is waiting for a registration number to be assigned. The request number: 386802.
Classifying different types of solar wind plasma with uncertainty estimations using machine learning
Authors: Narock Thomas , Pal Sanchita , Arsham Aryana , Narock Ayris , Nieves-Chinchilla Teresa
Published: August 2024

Decades of in-situ solar wind measurements have clearly established variations in solar wind physical parameters. These variable parameters have been used to classify the solar wind magnetized plasma into different types with several classification schemes being developed using these parameters. These classification schemes, while useful for understanding the solar wind’s originating processes at the Sun and early detection of space weather events, have left open questions regarding which physical parameters are most useful for classification and how recent advances in our understanding of solar wind transients impact classification. In this work, we use neural networks trained with different solar wind magneticand plasma characteristics to automatically classify the solar wind in coronal hole, streamer belt, sector reversal and solar transients such as coronal mass ejections comprised of both magnetic obstacles and sheaths. Furthermore, our work demonstrates how probabilistic neural networks can enhance classification by including a measure of prediction uncertainty. Our work also provides a ranking of the parameters that lead to an improved classification scheme with∼ 96% accuracy. Our new scheme paves the way for incorporating uncertainty estimates into space weather forecasting with the potential to be implemented on real-time solar wind data.
miRNA-microbiome interplay is related to Bos indicus feed efficiency
Authors: De Oliveira Priscila Silva  Neubern , Andrade Bruno Gabriel Nascimento , Cardoso Tainã Ferreira , Conteville Liliane Costa , Pena Gabriel Alexander  Colmenarez , Malago Wilson , Bruscadin Jennifer Jéssica , Pascoal Juliana Jorge , Almeida Lauro Fraga , Josahkian Luiz Antônio , Ventura Henrique Torres , Maciel Giovana Alcantara , Mourão Gerson Barreto , Coutinho Luiz Lhemann , Reecy James Mark , Regitano Luciana Correia de Almeida
Published: August 2024

The fecal microbiome is emerging as an essential component of the gut microbiota and host metabolism, whereas in cattle, fecal microbiome characterization is still needed. Recent evidence indicates that small RNAs, such as miRNAs, may be isolated from feces and involved in host–microbe interactions. In this study, fecal samples were collected from the rectal ampulla of Nelore bulls phenotypic divergent for residual feed intake (RFI). miRNA sequencing and 16S rRNA gene (V3-V4 region) were performed to reveal the associations between host miRNAs and microbiome composition and their relationships with the feed efficiency phenotype. Among the 162 identified fecal miRNAs, seven were more expressed in the inefficient group: bta-miR-27b, bta-miR-30a, bta-miR-126, bta-miR-143, bta-miR-155, bta-miR-205 and bta-miR-196a. Using metabarcoding sequencing, we identified 5,005 bacterial ASVs, and after filtering, we used 357 ASVs in subsequent analyzes. Weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA) was used to identify miRNA and microbiome interactions. We observed significant correlations between fecal miRNA expression and microbiota composition. The differentially expressed fecal miRNAs were correlated with some taxa as Prevotella, Anaerorhabdus furcosa, Bifidobacterium, Bacillales, Succinispira mobilis, Peptostreptococcaceae and Coriobacteriaceae, suggesting that they may play a role in the expression of feed efficiency-related miRNAs. Our results provide a new perspective for exploring host-microbiome interactions that affect FE traits. Taken together, these results point to miRNAs and taxa identified here as potential regulators of feed efficiency, which may provide the knowledge needed to develop future strategies to manipulate the microbiome.
Coronavirus Disease 2019 and Stroke: Clinical Manifestations and Pathophysiological Insights in a Brazilian Stroke Center
Authors: de Oliveira Francisco Tomaz Meneses , Gagliardi Rubens Jose
Published: August 2024

Introduction: More than three years into the ongoing pandemic, cerebrovascular accidents (CVAs), commonly known as strokes,have been extensively documented as a potential complication of COVID-19. Methods: Between the first and second epidemiologicalwaves of deaths, our service recorded 1,461 cases of acute respiratory syndrome with positive tests for the COVID-19 virus.During the same period, 595 patients were reported with hospitalizations/complications related to cerebrovascular syndromes.The study included a cohort of 17 patients experiencing cerebrovascular incidents, with ischemic strokes in 10 cases andhemorrhagic strokes in 7 cases. Results: The mean age was 59.8 years with a standard deviation of 14.6 years, and there was aslight female predominance with 9 female patients (52.9%). A substantial majority, 88.2%, were residents of São Paulo. It isnoteworthy that the patients with neurovascular syndrome included in the study primarily presented with symptomscharacteristic of an influenza-like syndrome (fever and cough in 64% of the cases, dyspnea in 53% of the cases), and none reportedanosmia or hyposmia as a primary complaint initially. Concerning cardiovascular risk factors, the following conditions wereassociated with cerebrovascular events: hypertension was present in 64.7% of cases, diabetes mellitus in 52.9%, active smoking in23.5%, chronic kidney disease in 11.8%, and obesity in 11.8%. Another remarkable observation from the evaluation of the selectedpatients, which has become a common finding in epidemiological studies on strokes and COVID-19, is the high rate of patientsrequiring hospitalization (88.2%). Of these hospitalized individuals, 80% required intensive care unit (ICU) support. In our caseseries, all of these (100%) presented with severe COVID-19 infection, secondary bacterial infection, as well as the necessity formechanical ventilation. Furthermore, of those admitted to the ICU, 73.3% developed acute kidney injury requiring hemodialysis,and a similar proportion succumbed to the illness (73.3%). Conclusion: Based on current evidence, the causal relationship betweencerebrovascular events and COVID-19 remains inconclusive. However, it is important to remain vigilant regarding well-establishedfacts, such as the presence of acute inflammation in response to COVID-19 infection.
Perception of Computer Cognitive Test Among Users and Clinical Observers
Authors: Yeh Yi-Chun , Jhang Kai-Ming , Kuan Yi-Chun , Wang Wen-Fu , Hu Chaur-Jong , Huang Mei-Feng , Chen Cheng-Sheng
Published: August 2024

Background
Computerized measurement tools for cognitive screening can be administered in a clinical setting or at home with or without supervision. Users’ perceptions of these tools could influence their acceptance of such self-screening tool. This study aimed to explore the perceptions of users and clinical observers regarding the Cogstate Brief Battery (CBB).
Methods
A self-reported 11-item survey consisting of three dimensions of perception - time consumption, self-efficacy, and empowerment was used to gather the perceptions of users with normal cognition and mild cognitive impairment (MCI). The perceptions of clinical observers were collected via a separate 8-item survey for all test participants. Items were scored using 5-Liker scale, and “strongly agree” and “agree” were grouped as the positive perception.
Results
Among users with normal cognition and MCI, the overall positive perception rate was 79.4% (normal cognition: 84.0%; MCI: 75.0%). Positive perception rates for time consumption, self-efficacy, and empowerment were 60.8%, 67.6%, and 83.3%, respectively. Logistic regression analysis revealed that self-efficacy perception correlated with education level (p=0.024) and card familiarity (p=0.009). Clinical observers reported high positive perception rates of 83.3% for both time consumption and interface usability. Only 8.3% of clinical observers found the instructions easy to understand for participants with dementia and 16.7% would recommend home self-assessment for these individuals.
Conclusions
Users without dementia generally perceived the CBB positively, although lower education and card familiarity were correlated with reduced self-efficacy perception. This study highlighted the need for supervision when utilizing the CBB with dementia patients, emphasizing the importance of tailored support for diverse user groups.
Three-dimensional numerical analysis of the thermo-aerodynamic characteristics of air- plane solar collectors and improving thermal efficiency through baffle design: a comparative CFD study
Authors: Amraoui Mohammed Amine
Published: August 2024

This work consists of an aerodynamic and thermal study of four types of flat air solar collectors equipped with different baffles and which are: the solar collector with baffles in a triangular shape (SCTS), the solar collector with baffles in a small V shape (SCSV), the solar collector with large V baffles (SCLV) and Solar collector with transverse baffles in a triangular shape (SCTBTS). We used computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to provide a set of results on the velocity and temperature fields that resolve the turbulence in the air stream for the three models studied. The introduction of baffles to the air stream will cause an increase in speed and turbulence which improves heat transfer between the absorber and the heat transfer fluid.
Characteristics of the seeds and cones of Serbian spruce - indicators of species endangerment
Authors: Mataruga Milan , Bosančić Borut , Cvjetković Branislav
Published: August 2024

A significant amount of existing research indicates a persistent trend of declining populations and trees of the Serbian spruce (Picea omorika/Pančić/Purkyně), a tertiary relict, rare, endangered, and protected species. Understanding the characteristics of cones and seeds, along with the analysis of intra- and inter-population variability, is crucial for identifying the reasons for this decline and implementing in situ and ex situ conservation measures to preserve this species. During 2022/23 (autumn/spring), cones were collected from 111 trees of this species. The trees are distributed across seven natural populations and one urban population in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Immediately after collection, the cones were measured, processed, seeds were extracted, and germination tests were conducted. Significant differences among the tested trees and populations were found for all measured cone traits. The germination results indicate very low seed viability, averaging 57,03% for all tested trees, with the percentage of empty seeds at 26,85%. Significant differences in germination were also observed at the population level, ranging from 20,40% to 81,14%, with the percentage of empty seeds ranging from 8,10% to 59,60%. The results suggest that endangered populations with a small number of trees have significantly smaller cones, a higher percentage of empty seeds, and lower germination rates. Such a low germination rate in natural populations of Serbian spruce indicates the need for urgent actions to protect this species and assist its natural regeneration (in situ), as well as to establish plantations outside its natural range (ex situ conservation).
Impact of interannual variation in surface heat flux on the variability of the upper layer circulation in the East Sea (Sea of Japan)
Authors: Kim Daehyuk , Shin Hong-Ryeol , Moon Jae-Hong
Published: August 2024

The Intrinsic variability in the East Sea (Sea of Japan), excluding the influence of external forcings on interannual variation, is distributed mainly in the southern region, especially in the Ulleung and Yamato Basins. In this study, the effects of interannual variations in surface heat flux on upper layer circulation in the East Sea are analyzed via numerical experiments. The interannual variations in the surface heat flux amplify variability in the Yamato Basin, not in the Ulleung Basin. The variability in the water temperature in the northern region is highly correlated with the variability in the surface heat flux with one month time lag. Winter surface cooling facilitates cold water formation in the northern regions, and it extends toward the Yamato Basin. As the cold water region expands (contracts), the meandering (straight) path of the Tsushima Warm Current flows northeastward due to increasing baroclinic instability. However, the surface heat flux does not significantly impact the separation latitude of the East Korea Warm Current. Instead, the separation latitude of the East Korea Warm Current is influenced primarily by strong winter positive wind stress curl anomalies in the northern region and greatly affects the southward flow of cold water along the Korean coast.
The experimental hut efficacy of next-generation insecticide-treated nets (Interceptor G2, Royal Guard and PermaNet 3.0) against wild free-flying pyrethroid-resistant malaria vectors after 12, 24 and 36 months of household use in Benin
Authors: Agbevo Abel , Syme Thomas , Fagbohoun Josias , Fongnikin Augustin , Ahoga Juniace , Accrombessi Manfred , Protopopoff Natacha , Cook Jackie , Churcher Thomas S , Padonou Gil G , Sovi Arthur , Ahogni Idelphonse , Govoetchan Renaud , Todjinou Damien , Akogbeto Martin , Ngufor Corine
Published: August 2024

Background Cluster-randomised controlled trials (cluster-RCTs) have demonstrated variation in the epidemiological efficacy of different next-generation insecticide-treated net (ITN) types, with some providing shorter-lived impact than others. Further studies are needed to assess changes in the insecticidal durability of these ITNs over time to complement cluster-RCT results.Methods We performed a series of experimental hut trials to evaluate the bioefficacy of new and field-aged next-generation ITNs (PermaNet® 3.0, Royal Guard®, Interceptor® G2) compared to a pyrethroid-only net (Interceptor®) against pyrethroid-resistant malaria vectors in Covè, southern Benin. Field-aged nets were withdrawn from households at 12, 24 and 36 months. Net pieces cut from whole ITNs were analysed for chemical content, and susceptibility bioassays were performed during each trial to assess changes in insecticide resistance in the Covè vector population.Results Interceptor® G2 induced superior mosquito mortality than the other ITNs across all time points. The improved mortality with Interceptor® G2 compared to Interceptor® was evident across all time points but was greater with new nets (odds ratio (OR) = 8.6, 95% CI: [7.4, 10.1]) than field-aged nets (OR = 2.5, 95% CI: [1.8, 3.5] at 12 months, OR = 2.4, 95% CI: [1.6, 3.7] at 24 months and OR = 2.9, 95% CI: [1.6, 5.1] at 36 months). New Royal Guard® reduced mosquito fertility compared to the other ITNs, but this improvement fell after field-ageing, particularly at 24 months when it was similar to Interceptor® (11% vs 3%, p = 0.08). When new, mortality was significantly higher with PermaNet® 3.0 compared to Interceptor® (OR = 3.6, 95% CI: [3.0, 4.2]); however, this benefit was lost with field-aged nets at 12 months (OR = 1.1, 95% CI: [0.8, 1.5]) and 24 months (OR = 0.6, 95% CI: [0.4, 0.9]). Retention of the non-pyrethroid compound in next-generation nets was low after 36 months (27% for PermaNet® 3.0, 26% for Royal Guard® and 15% Interceptor® G2).Conclusions Interceptor® G2 outperformed the other ITNs, confirming the superiority of pyrethroid-chlorfenapyr nets over other net types. When new, all next-generation ITNs showed superior bioefficacy compared to Interceptor®; however, the size of this improvement fell after field-ageing due to poor durability of the non-pyrethroid compound. These findings emphasise the need to enhance the insecticidal durability of next-generation ITNs.
Two modes of terrestrial phosphide formation
Authors: Galuskin Evgeny , Galuskina Irina , Vapnik Yevgeny , Kusz Joachim , Marciniak-Maliszewska Beata , Zieliński Grzegorz
Published: August 2024

In anorthite-diopside-tridymite paralava of the Hatrurim Complex, Daba-Siwaqa, Jordan, phosphides from two facies environments were found. Large xenomorphic phosphide aggregates, presented by minerals of the barringerite-transjordanite series, murashkoite and zuktamrurite, were noted at the intimate contact of the paralava with the host rocks. Moreover, the contact facies of the paralava, composed of large diopside crystals up to 1 cm in size and cemented by hydrosilicates, zeolites and calcite, are enriched in phosphides. In the contact facies, it was possible to observe pseudomorphs of barringerite and murashkoite after fish bones and inclusions of minute needle-like barringerite crystals in diopside with morphological manifestations of the simultaneous crystallization of these minerals. In the central part of the weakly altered paralava with abundant amygdules, two nodules containing ore minerals were detected. In the first nodule, barringerite and schreibersite were found; the second contained nickelphosphide. In this paper we discuss the hypothesis that phosphides at the contact facies of the paralava formed as a result of reducing carbothermal reactions with the participation of thermally altered and graphitized fish-bone remains as a source of carbon and phosphorus and oxidised pyrite framboids as an iron source: Fe2O3 + 3C = 2Fe(lq) + 3CO(g), 2Ca5(PO4)3F + 14C = 3P2(g) + 14CO(g) + 10CaO + F2(g) and nFe(lq) +1/2P2(g) = FenP, where n = ½, 1, 2, 3. The process of phosphide formation during hot paralava injection, the temperature of which exceeded 1400°C, into previously altered host rocks with contamination of material containing bone remains, took place in a small volume in a kinetic mode, which led to the preservation of the primary form of bone remains when they were replaced by phosphides. The formation of phosphides in the central part of the paralava occurred with the participation of gases that transported phosphorus reduced as a result of carbothermal reactions. The phosphorous was absorbed by drops of metal or sulphide melt, which led to the formation of phosphides.
Molecular Dynamics of the Neutralizing Potential of Dimeric IgA Antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 Antigen
Authors: D. L. Oliveira Micael , N. Silva Jonathas , B. Cordeiro Isabelle , O. Lima Ana Carolina , S. Faria Nathalia , S. Santos Clarice , A. H. Bessa João , de Freitas Rosiane , Malheiro Adriana , S. Lima Emersom , M. T. Oliveira Kelson
Published: August 2024

The emergence of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) stands for being the most serious epidemic (so far) of the 21st century. However, only a few computational studies have investigated the molecular mechanisms underlying the neutralization of the spike protein by antibodies of different classes. Hence, bioinformatic methods were employed to unravel the factors contributing to the remarkable neutralization capacity exhibited by specific antibodies. Initially, crystallographic structures of IgA monomeric / dimeric, IgG, and IgM antibodies binding with the receptor-binding domain region of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein were retrieved. Subsequently, rigid molecular docking and molecular dynamic simulations were performed over 100 ns with explicit water solvation. Lastly, an energy decomposition was conducted to estimate the binding affinity using the last frames from molecular dynamics. The results revealed a higher binding affinity for both monomeric and dimeric forms of IgA antibodies against the spike protein. Additionally, a greater number of hydrogen bonds were observed during their interaction with the spike protein, as well as greater structural instability along the time and especially a more thermodynamically favorable interaction affinity. In this way, the research contributes a small piece to the complex puzzle of understanding the humoral immune response induced by the SARS-CoV-2 virus.
Effect of AVL-based time-domain analysis on torsional vibration of engine shafting
Authors: Wang Xiaojie
Published: August 2024

The torsional vibration of the shaft system in hybrid car engines has a significant impact on the overall performance of the vehicle, and it is more complex in hybrid cars compared to traditional cars. Traditional methods for torsional vibration analysis of shaft systems have significant limitations and cannot handle nonlinear and transient problems. To explore the torsional vibration characteristics of hybrid vehicle shaft systems, a simplified engine shaft system torsional vibration equivalent model is innovatively constructed. In addition, a method for quickly determining the confidence level of the torsional vibration equivalent model is proposed. Additionally, the transient dynamic characteristics of a multi-body dynamics model containing a dual mass flywheel are analyzed in depth using the time-domain solver of AVL-exact PU. The results demonstrated that the simulation of 4th and 6th harmonics resonated at critical speeds of 4,195 rpm and 2,771 rpm, respectively, with angular displacement amplitudes of 0.141 deg and 0.047 deg. In fact, resonance was measured at 4,250 rpm and 3,040 rpm, with amplitudes of 0.14 deg and 0.052 deg. These two were basically consistent in key parameters. When the shaft model was started under operating conditions, the amplitudes of harmonics 1, 2, and 4 were basically consistent below 750 rpm, and there were slight differences after 750 rpm. Therefore, the AVL-based engine torsional vibration simulation model constructed has high credibility.
Water availability: spatially distributed analysis and evaluation of input variables
Authors: Aragón-Hernández José Luis , Hernández González Luis Armando , Salas de León David Alberto , González Villarreal Fernando Jorge
Published: August 2024

The simplicity of the water balance equation contrasts with the difficulty of determining the value of each of the variables involved, especially in basins with few or no records. At the same time, the determination of water availability at large temporal and spatial scales does not identify the regions with the highest pressure on it, so it is of interest for the development of water management and use plans to know the spatial variation precipitation (the principal source of water), evapotranspiration (the primary precipitation loss), as well as water demand. This study applies the water balance equation to determine the spatially distributed water availability. Methods for calculating evapotranspiration (Turc and Thornthwaite) and runoff (curve number, runoff coefficient, and Thornthwaite monthly calibration) are compared. The results show differences between the mountainous and rainy areas of the basin. The low area near the sea is flatter, has less rainfall, and concentrates most of the agricultural activity. The latter are areas with water scarcity, although, on average, the entire basin has water availability.
An integrated cyberinfrastructure system for water quality resources in the Upper Mississippi River Basin
Authors: Mount Jerry , Sermet Yusuf , Jones Christopher S. , Schilling Keith E. , Gassman Philip W. , Weber Larry J. , Krajewski Witold F. , Demir Ibrahim
Published: August 2024

The Upper Mississippi Information System (UMIS) is a cyberinfrastructure framework designed to support large-scale real-time water-quality data integration, analysis, and visualization for the Upper Mississippi River Basin (UMRB). UMIS is intended to directly address three of the Grand Challenges for Engineering including (1) understanding access to clean drinking water, (2) management of the nitrogen cycle, and (3) engineering the tools of scientific discovery. The UMIS is designed to provide significant immediate and long-term impacts including a central platform for data access, integration, discovery, and adoption of cyberinfrastructure tools and services. The UMIS demonstrates that public data aggregators and central repositories can provide important services to anyone interested in water-quality research or education. In addition, working across multiple scales (e.g., state, region, county, or watershed) allows researchers to understand broad and narrow effects of water-quality strategies. Exploration of data across these scales encourages the development of problem-based research questions that can eventually provide feedback to public policies.