bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PROMOVENDO CRENÇAS DE AUTOEFICÁCIA DOCENTE PARA O ENSINO DE ARTE: RESULTADOS DE UMA EXPERIÊNCIA DE FORMAÇÃO CONTINUADA
Authors: Rodrigues Gisele Carvalho , Iaochite Roberto Tadeu
Published: October 2019

The teachers perception of their ability to teach Art is a mediator of the actions that develop in the classroom. Teachers’ self-efficacy for teaching is partly linked to coping behaviors, persistence, selection, and it will affect one’s motivation. This study aimed to measure the level of self-efficacy and its sources of information in teachers who teaching Art in public schools in a city in the interior of Sao Paulo state. The study was carried out from a face-to-face continuing education course, in which self-efficacy was evaluated in three moments - before, during and at the end of the course. This is a quantitative study, with the participation of 29 teachers from a municipal school system in the interior of São Paulo, who answered two self-efficacy scales. The results showed that there was a significant increase in self-efficacy along the course. Regarding the sources, vicarious experiences and social persuasion were the ones that were most significant for teachers. As the literature points out, continuing education processes can contribute to the construction and strengthening of self-efficacy to teach Art in the school.
Recebido em: 22/10/2017.Aprovado em: 09/10/2018.
SISTEMA DE AVALIAÇÃO PAULISTA E ESCOLAS: DIFERENTES RELAÇÕES
Authors: Hojas Viviani Fernanda
Published: October 2019

This research aims to analyzes the relationships that policies, found in schools, keep with an educational system of evaluation called “Sistema de Avaliação de Rendimento Escolar do Estado de São Paulo (SARESP)”. To develop this research it was adopted as reference the conceptual contributions formulated by Stephen Ball and his collaborators. In general, such formulations have great potential to advance in relation to the analytical approach of the state in the center of the process, as far as it allows operating in a new perspective of analysis that appreciate the actions performed by professionals who work in schools. The study involved four schools which belong to the State of Sao Paulo Education. These schools were selected by meeting different levels of education. Throughout the research process, they were made visits of observation, participation in meetings, school board interviews teachers, teachers-coordinators, school principal assistant and school principal in all the four selected schools. The research results show us that only one of the four schools analyzed take the SARESP as a guide element of school work and develop its educational practices having as its main focus the increasing of the student performance in this system of evaluation and compliance with the test annual targets.
Recebido em: 22/02/2018.Aprovado em:09/10/2018.
الثابت والمتحول في مدحتي البحتري والمتنبي ووصفهما منازلة الأسد دراسة تحليلية وموازنة
Authors: الحلحولي محمود
Published: October 2019

درستْ هذه الورق البحثية مدحتي البحتري والمتنبي ووصفهما منازلة الأسد، وفسرت ارتباط المقدمة بالمديح في القصيدتين، وأوضحت أن حركة الصورة والحدث في القصيدتين تتجه إلى "الغلبة" بوصفها الجوّ المسيطر. وكانت صورة العزم على منازلة الشّر والصراع للقضاء عليه. وربط القصيدتين بالعصر.والقصيدتان برغم اختلاف المواقف السلوكية للفتح بن خاقان وبدر بن عمار بنيتا بناء دراميا، إذ انتقل الشاعران من مقدمة القصيدة التي شكّلت قلقهما إلى الصراع النفسي الفعلي بوصف المنازلة بين الأسد والممدوح، إلى أن كانت نهاية القصيدتين "بابا مفتوحا على صراع جديد متخيل.
الخصائص المعجمية لكلمات في القرآن وتأثيرها المتوقع على القارئ: مقاربة عصبية ذهنية
Authors: الزهراني صالح
Published: October 2019

حاولت الدراسة الحالية توظيف نتائج بحوث الأعصاب الذهنية في استقصاء الخصائص المعجمية للنص القرآني، وذلك باستخدام عينة من (420 كلمة) مذكورة في النص القرآني ككلمات مستقلة أو كجزء من كلمات أخرى. وكان الهدف هو الكشف عن التأثير المتوقع للخصائص المعجمية في النص القرآني على نشاط الدماغ والعمليات الذهنية لقارئ القرآن. وقد طبق الباحث أساليب الإحصاء البسيط بالإضافة إلى أداة جديدة طورها خصيصاً للدراسة الحالية تحت مسمى المصفوفة المعجمية العصبية. وقد توصلت الدراسة إلى نتائج واسعة أبرزها: أن في النص القرآني توظيفاً للمتغيرات المعجمية، حيث لقيت الكلمات المختلفة معالجات معجمية متفاوتة ومنها توقعت الدراسة فروقاً في تأثيرها في النشاط العصبي والعمليات الذهنية المصاحبة لها لدى القارئ. وتدعم النتائج وظيفة النص القرآني كنص إرشاد وتوجيه (هداية). وبناءً على تلك النتائج قدمت الدراسة توصيات عدة منها: التوصية بتوظيف مجرد قراءة كامل النص القرآني من الفاتحة الى الناس في الإرشاد الديني. وأوصت بتوظيف المتغيرات المعجمية في التخطيط للكتابة. وقد تضمنت الدراسة تفاصيل أخرى كثيرة.
KOMPETENSI PENGADILAN NIAGA DALAM PENYELESAIAN SENGKETA BISNIS DI INDONESIA
Authors: Siahaan Hotman
Published: October 2019

In the Indonesian justice system found three (3) judicial institutions authorized to settle economic disputes, the District Court, Commercial Court and the Court of Religion. With the presence of the three courts that settle economics disputes, it can also be compared the advantages and disadvantages from each judiciary in the resolution of economic disputes.Assessment implemented through legislation approach as normative legal research which is equipped with study of the principles of law, systematic legal, comparative law, and history of law.This paper find that the settlement of economics disputes through the Commercial Court is superior compared to the other court. Unfortunately, business dispute settlemet authority for the Commercial Court is still limited to bankruptcy issues and delays payment of debt obligations as well as certain disputes in the field of intellectual property rights. Considering the excellence of the Commercial Court in the resolution of economic disputes, it is better to extend the authority of the Commercial Court, including in the areas of tort and breach of contract for other business disputes.
KONSEP PEMBANGUNAN HUKUM E-COMMERCE
Authors: Hidayah Ardiana
Published: October 2019

The development of transportation, communication and information technology further increases the pace of globalization. The use of technology has driven business growth including transaction activities by utilizing technology and telecommunications through e-commerce activities. Problem formulation related to the application of business law in e-commerce activities and the role of law and the concept of legal development in e-commerce business. Legislation in e-commerce activities has been regulated in Law Number 11 of 2008 which has been amended into Law Number 19 of 2016 concerning Information and Electronic Transactions, Law Number 7 of 2014 concerning Trade and Government Regulation Number 82 In 2012 concerning the Implementation of Electronic Transactions and Systems. In its application there are still some weaknesses, namely the existence of objects in electronic transactions cannot be perfectly perceived electronically. There are still obstacles to accountability and the level of reliability in proof of an electronic contract.      Law is a tool for maintaining order in society. Law will always adjust to the conditions that occur in the middle of the community and act as a means of renewal in people's lives. Rapid development has resulted in increasingly complex problems faced by the community from traditional patterns to modernization. The development of business law in Indonesia in e-commerce activities is carried out to support the realization of sustainable economic growth, as well as creating certainty, enforcement and legal protection.
TINDAK TUTUR DALAM IKLAN BERBAHASA JAWA DI RADIO (THE ACTS OF SPEECH OF JAVANESE ADVERTISEMENT IN THE RADIO)
Authors: Handono Suryo
Published: October 2019

Iklan sebagai salah satu bentuk komunikasi memunyai peranan penting untuk memperkenalkan suatu produk kepada masyarakat. Tuturan iklan merupakan fenomena menarik untuk diteliti dari berbagai aspek pragmatik, salah satunya adalah tindak tutur. Penelitian ini mengkaji tindak tutur pada wacana iklan berbahasa Jawa di radio. Penelitian bersifat deskriptif kualitatif ini memaparkan bentuk tindak tutur dan konteks tuturan dalam wacana iklan berbahasa Jawa di radio. Strategi yang digunakan adalah analisis isi. Berdasarkan analisis isi diperoleh hasil bahwa bentuk tuturan dalam wacana iklan berbahasa Jawa di radio meliputi tindak tutur representatif, direktif, ekpresif, komisif, dan deklaratif. Tindak tutur representatif digunakan dalam konteks memberi tahu, menyatakan, mengakui, melaporkan, menjelaskan, menyebutkan, dan memberikan kesaksian. Tindak tutur direktif digunakan dalam konteks menyuruh, mengajak, mengimbau, menyarankan, dan mengingatkan. Tindak tutur ekspresif digunakan sebagai evaluasi dalam konteks memuji, mengkritik, dan mengeluh. Tindak tutur komisif digunakan hanya dalam konteks memastikan. Tindak tutur deklaratif digunakan dalam konteks melarang, menegaskan, dan meyakinkan. Kata kunci: tindak tutur, konteks, iklan, bahasa Jawa, radioABSTRACTAdvertising as one form of communication has an important role to introduce a product to the community. Advertising is an interesting phenomenon to be examined from various aspects of pragmatic, one of which is the act of speech. This study examines the acts of speech on the discourse of Javanese advertisement on the radio. This descriptive qualitative research describes the form of speech acts and the context of speech in the discourse of Javanese ad on the radio. The strategy used is content analysis. Based on the content analysis, it is found that the form of speech in the Javanese language advertising discourse in the radio includes the act of representative speech, directive, expressive, commissive, and declarative. Representative speech acts are used in the context of notifying, declaring, acknowledging, reporting, explaining, mentioning, and giving testimony. The directive speech acts are used in the context of commanding, referring, appealing, suggesting, and reminding. Expressive speech acts are used as evaluation in the context of praising, criticizing, and complaining. Commissive speech acts are used only in the context of making sure. Declarative speech acts are used in the context of prohibiting, asserting, and reassuring. Keywords: speech acts, context, advertisement, Javanese, radio
Perubahan Makna Kata Tengah dalam Hikayat Aceh (1625); Hikayat Siak (1855); dan Belahan Jiwa (2012) (The Change Oof Word Meaning â€œTengahâ€ In Hikayat Aceh (1625); Hikayat Siak (1855); And Belahan Jiwa (2012))
Authors: Pungkysari Rissa Yulia
Published: October 2019

Ibarat makhluk hidup, bahasa mengalami perkembangan yang secara otomatis menghasilkan suatu perubahan. Perubahan dalam bahasa dapat meliputi perubahan dari segi fonologi, morfologi, sintaksis, dan semantik. Penelitian ini membahas perubahan dari segi semantik kata tengah dalam tiga karya sastra yang berbeda periode, yaitu Hikayat Aceh (1625) dari abad ke17, Hikayat Siak (1855) dari abad ke-19, dan Belahan Jiwa (2012) dari abad ke-21. Kalimatkalimat yang mengandung kata tengah dalam ketiga karya sastra diiventarisasi dan dianalisis menggunakan teori Cruse (2000) tentang semantik leksikal dan semantik gramatikal. Berdasarkan hasil analisis, penulis mengidentifikasi lima definisi makna kata tengah dalam karya sastra Hikayat Aceh (1625), Hikayat Siak (1855), dan Belahan Jiwa (2012). Lima definisi makna yang ditemukan meliputi tempat di antara dua tepi, sela/antara, paruh/perdua, sedang, dan sekitar; kira-kira; kurang lebih. Perubahan yang tampak pada pemaknaan kata tengah adalah eliminasi kata tengah yang bermakna sekitar; kira-kira; kurang lebih dalam bahasa Indonesia yang digunakan saat ini.Just like living things, language developes which is automatically produces a change. The changes of language may include the changes in terms of phonology, morphology, syntax, and semantics. This study discusses the semantic changes of the word tengah in three different period of literary works, namely Hikayat Aceh (1625) from the 17th century, Hikayat Siak (1855) from the 19th century, and the Hemisphere (2012) from the 21st century. Sentences which contain the word tengah in all three literary works are collected and analyzed using Cruse's (2000) theory of lexical semantics and grammatical semantics. Based on the results of the analysis, the authors identified five definitions of the meanings of the word tengah in the Hikayat Aceh literature (1625), Hikayat Siak (1855), and Belahan Jiwa (2012). The five definitions of meaning found include tempat di antara dua tepi, sela/antara, paruh/perdua, sedang, and sekitar; kira-kira; kurang lebih. The changes appear in the definition of the word tengah was the elimination of the word tengah which means sekitar; kira-kira; kurang lebih.Â
The Afro Brazil Museum: its approach and contribution to the representation of Afro-Brazilians in modern Brazil
Authors: Rocha Jessica
Published: October 2019

This article discusses the context, the history and the main achievements of the Museum Afro Brazil. The Unified Black Movement (MNU) was created in 1978 in São Paulo and was considered strongly leftist in orientation and more militant than any of its predecessors. As stated in the text Black Protest in São Paulo, the movement was a strong expression of dissatisfaction among the educated and skilled african-Brazilian denied entering the middle-class status. The Afro Brasil Museum was open on the 23th of October of 2004 as a result of more than two decades of intense research, publications, exhibitions and the dedication of its current director and curator Emanuel Araújo

Keywords: Afro Brazil Museum;
الخصائص السيكومترية لاختبار الذكاء المصور على عينة ليبية من مدينة مصراتة
Authors: المدني خالد محمد , الدلنسي رويدا إسماعيل
Published: October 2019

هدفت الدراسة إلى اختبار الخصائص السيكومترية لاختبار الذكاء المصور في مدينة مصراتة لتوفير أداة صالحة لقياس ذكاء الأطفال من عمر (8 : 14) سنة. وقد تكونت عينة الدراسة من (336) طالبا وطالبة منهم (169)، من الذكور و(167) من الإناث الملتحقين بمدارس التعليم العام في مدينة مصراته. وتم استخدام الأساليب الإحصائية الملائمة للتعرف على الخصائص السيكومترية، واختبار صلاحية فقرات الاختبار، وقد أظهرت النتائج أن بعض فقرات اختبار الذكاء المصور لا تصلح للاستخدام في البيئة المحلية وتحتاج جميعها إلى إعادة ترتيب وفقا لمعامل صعوبتها، كما أظهرت النتائج أن الاختبار –بعد حذف الفقرات غير الصالحة- يتمتع بمؤشرات جيدة من الصدق والثبات، كما بينت النتائج أن متوسط الأداء على اختبار الذكاء المصور يزداد مع التقدم بالعمر، وأنه لا توجد فروق في الأداء على الاختبار بين الجنسين والمناطق الجغرافية لمدينة مصراتة.
Reversible switching of arylazopyrazole within a metal–organic cage
Authors: Hanopolskyi Anton I , De Soumen , Białek Michał J , Diskin-Posner Yael , Avram Liat , Feller Moran , Klajn Rafal
Published: October 2019

Arylazopyrazoles represent a new family of molecular photoswitches characterized by a near-quantitative conversion between two states and long thermal half-lives of the metastable state. Here, we investigated the behavior of a model arylazopyrazole in the presence of a self-assembled cage based on Pd–imidazole coordination. Owing to its high water solubility, the cage can solubilize the E isomer of arylazopyrazole, which, by itself, is not soluble in water. NMR spectroscopy and X-ray crystallography have independently demonstrated that each cage can encapsulate two molecules of E-arylazopyrazole. UV-induced switching to the Z isomer was accompanied by the release of one of the two guests from the cage and the formation of a 1:1 cage/Z-arylazopyrazole inclusion complex. DFT calculations suggest that this process involves a dramatic change in the conformation of the cage. Back-isomerization was induced with green light and resulted in the initial 1:2 cage/E-arylazopyrazole complex. This back-isomerization reaction also proceeded in the dark, with a rate significantly higher than in the absence of the cage.
THE DETERMINANTS OF WORKING CAPITAL MANAGEMENT: THE CONTEXTUAL ROLE OF ENTERPRISE SIZE AND ENTERPRISE AGE
Authors: Nastiti Pambayun Kinasih Yekti , Atahau Apriani Dorkas Rambu , Supramono Supramono
Published: October 2019

Purpose – working capital management plays a vital role in determining the continuity of enterprises’ business activities. Enterprises should manage their working capital efficiently to avoid excessive working capital investments and at the same time, to maintain their liquidity. This study aims to examine the determinants of working capital management and to test the different effects of the determinants of working capital management based on enterprise size and enterprise age. Research methodology – the sample consists of 117 manufacturing enterprises listed at the Indonesian Stock Exchange for the years 2010–2017. Panel data regression was used to test the hypothesis. Findings – the findings reveal that sales growth and economic growth determine working capital management. However, the effects of the determinants of working capital management differ depending on enterprise size and enterprise age. Specifically, economic growth is the only determinant that exhibits different effects on working capital management between different enterprise size and enterprise age subsamples. Meanwhile, besides economic growth, capital expenditure, and operating cash flow are the other enterprise-specific determinants that exhibit different effects on working capital management between the two enterprise age subsamples. Research limitations – this study only measures enterprise size with total assets. Thus, we advise future studies to complement this proxy with other measures such as market value and the listing size criterion (main board vs development board). Further, it is necessary to analyse the non-linear relationship between leverage and working capital management to explain the positive effect of leverage on working capital management. Practical implications – the empirical results suggest that manufacturing enterprises must focus more on their sales growth because it affects their ability to manage their working capital efficiently. Besides, younger manufacturing enterprises need to shorten their cash cycles that are longer relative to old enterprises. Originality/Value – no previous studies have analysed the determinants of working capital management based on enterprise characteristics, especially enterprise size and age. Specifically, in the scientific literature, enterprise size and enterprise age mainly act as the dependent variables.
Analysis of good distribution practice inspection deficiency data of pharmaceutical wholesalers in Bulgaria
Authors: Stoimenova Assena , Kirilov Bogdan , Zaykova Krassimira
Published: October 2019

The current study analyses the regulatory inspection findings of the wholesalers in Bulgaria in 2017 and compares the results with the findings from some other EU member-states. In total, 48 GDP inspections were performed in 2017. 50% of the inspections were performed in relation with issuing an authorization for wholesale of medicines, the rest half were related to changes in already granted authorizations.

During the inspections, 17 non-conformities (NCs) have been documented. The NCs were identified in 3 wholesalers and 6 deficiencies were classified as major. No critical deficiencies were found. NCs were found in 6.25% of the inspected companies. No critical NCs were identified and only 6 NCs were classified as major which demonstrated high level of compliance of distributions sites in Bulgaria with the requirements of GDP.
Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG and Saccharomyces cerevisiae boulardii exert synergistic antipathogenic activity in vitro against enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli
Authors: Moens F. , Duysburgh C. , van den Abbeele P. , Morera M. , Marzorati M.
Published: October 2019

Short-term colonic in vitro batch incubations were performed to elucidate the possible synergistic effects of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (CNCM-I-4798) and Saccharomyces cerevisiae boulardii (CNCM-I-1079) (associated in Smebiocta/Smectaflora Protect®) on the colonic microbial fermentation process, as well as their antipathogenic activity against enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (LMG2092) (ETEC). These incubations adequately simulate the native microbiota and environmental conditions of the proximal colon of both adult and toddler donors, including the colonic mucosal layer. Results indicated that both strains were capable of growing together without showing antagonistic effects. Co-cultivation of both strains resulted in increased butyrate (stimulated by L. rhamnosus GG), propionate (stimulated by S. boulardii), and ethanol (produced by S. boulardii) production compared to the control incubations, revealing the additive effect of both strains. After inoculation of ETEC under simulated dysbiotic conditions, a 40 and 46% reduction in the concentration of ETEC was observed upon addition of both strains during the experiments with the adult and toddler donor, respectively. Furthermore, ETEC toxin levels decreased upon S. boulardii inoculation, probably due to proteolytic activity of this strain, with a synergistic effect being observed upon co-cultivation of L. rhamnosus GG and S. boulardii resulting in a reduction of 57 and 46% for the adult and toddler donor, respectively. Altogether, the results suggest that both probiotics together may help microbiota functionality, in both adults and toddlers and under healthy or impaired conditions, which could be of great interest when the colonic microbiota is dysbiotic and therefore sensitive to pathogenic invasion such as during antibiotic treatment.
Ultrahigh-Resolution Spectral Domain Optical Coherence Tomography Imaging of the Lamina Cribrosa
Authors: Kagemann Larry , Ishikawa Hiroshi , Wollstein Gadi , Brennen Peter M. , Townsend Kelly A. , Schuman Joel S.
Published: October 2019

Study of the structure of the lamina cribrosa is critical in glaucoma research. The purpose of this study is to determine the optimal spectral domain optical coherence tomography imaging protocol for the digital isolation and display of the lamina cribrosa. Three-dimensional datasets centered on the lamina cribrosa were obtained with 200 3 200 to 512 3 512 A-scan densities. The effect of scan density and c-mode slab thickness was subjectively compared. Increasing slab thickness reduced the sharpness of visible prelamina and lamina cribrosa structures. In retrolamina structures, thin slabs provided good visualization, but increased slab size increased the visibility of deeper structures. Scan times as short as 2.3 seconds (256 3 256 A-scans) degraded visualization of the shape of the optic nerve head. The optical scan protocol for lamina cribrosa imaging appears to be a 3 3 3 mm 200 3 200 A-scan volume with the lamina cribrosa positioned near direct current. [Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging 2008;39:S126-S131.]
Comprehensive Health Literacy Among Undergraduates: A Ghanaian University-Based Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Evans Ansu-Yeboah , Anthony Edusei , Gabriel Gulis
Published: October 2019

Background:

Health literacy is the ability to access, understand, and use health information for enhancing health. Health literacy research has led to the understanding of its associations with health outcomes and health-promoting behavior. Health literacy is essential to health promotion, but a gap exists in the knowledge of health literacy in Ghana, especially among university students.

Objective:

This study aimed to ascertain the levels of health literacy and its sociodemographic determinants among undergraduate university students of Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology.

Methods:

A cross-sectional survey was conducted using multistage cluster sampling to select 500 students from six colleges of the University; of those, 485 were included for data analysis after exclusions. Health literacy was assessed using the 16-item short version of the European Consortium for Health Literacy Questionnaire.

Key Results:

About 55% of students were found to have limited health literacy (20.4% had “inadequate” health and 34.2% had “problematic” health literacy). Students performed low on health literacy dimensions dealing with the access and appraisal of health information, especially relating to mental health. Multivariate logistic regression showed that factors associated with limited health literacy differed for each gender but generally included college type, self-esteem, health status, and year of study.

Conclusions:

Interventions need to be implemented to improve students' health literacy.

[
HLRP: Health Literacy Research and Practice
. 2019;3(4):e227–e237.]

Plain Language Summary:

The study reveals that health literacy may be a challenge even for the educated in Ghana especially among vulnerable people. University students should not be assumed to be health-literate and interventions that will help enhance their literacy in health should be implemented.
Compliance with International Soft Law
Authors: D'Rosario Michael , Zeleznikow John
Published: October 2019

The present article considers the importance of legal system origin in compliance with ‘international soft law,' or normative provisions contained in non-binding texts. The study considers key economic and governance metrics on national acceptance an implementation of the first Basle accord. Employing a data set of 70 countries, the present study considers the role of market forces and bilateral and multi-lateral pressures on implementation of soft law. There is little known about the role of legal system structure-related variables as factors moderating the implementation of multi-lateral agreements and international soft law, such as the 1988 accord. The present study extends upon research within the extant literature by employing a novel estimation method, a neural network modelling technique, with multi-layer perceptron artificial neural network (MPANN). Consistent with earlier studies, the article identifies a significant and positive effect associated with democratic systems and the implementation of the Basle accord. However, extending upon traditional estimation techniques, the study identifies the significance of savings rates and government effectiveness in determining implementation. Notably, the method is able to achieve a superior goodness of fit and predictive accuracy in determining implementation.
Use of Chaotic Randomness Numbers
Authors: Ozpinar Alper , Kucukasci Emel Seyma
Published: October 2019

The timeless search for optimizing the demand and supply of any resource is one of the main issues for humanity nearly from the beginning of time. The relevant cost of adding an extra resource reacts by means of more energy requirement, more emissions, interaction with policies and market status makes is even more complicated. Optimization of demand and supply is the key to successfully solve the problem. There are various optimization algorithms in the literature and most of them uses various algorithms of iteration and some degree of randomness to find the optimum solution. Most of the metaheuristic and artificial intelligence algorithms require the randomness where to make a new decision to go forward. So this chapter is about the possible use of chaotic random numbers in the metaheuristic and artificial intelligence algorithms that requires random numbers. The authors only provide the necessary information about the algorithms instead of providing full detailed explanation of the subjects assuming the readers already have theoretical basic information.
A Graphical Tool for the Creation of Behaviors in Virtual Worlds
Authors: Corradini Andrea , Mehta Manish
Published: October 2019

Typically, the creation of AI-based behaviors for Non-Playing Characters (NPC) in computer games is carried out by people with specialized skills in the broad areas of design and programming. This book chapter presents Second Mind (SM), a digital solution that makes it possible for novice users to successfully author behaviors. In SM, authors can use a graphical interface to define the behaviors of virtual characters in response to interactions with players. Authors can easily endow NPCs with behavior capabilities that make them act in different possible roles such as e.g. shopkeepers, museum hosts, etc. A series of user tests with human subjects to evaluate the behavior authoring process shows that Second Mind is easy to understand and simplifies the process of behavior production.
Logs Analysis of Adapted Pedagogical Scenarios Generated by a Simulation Serious Game Architecture
Authors: Callies Sophie , Gravel Mathieu , Beaudry Eric , Basque Josianne
Published: October 2019

This paper presents an architecture designed for simulation serious games, which automatically generates game-based scenarios adapted to learner's learning progression. We present three central modules of the architecture: (1) the learner model, (2) the adaptation module and (3) the logs module. The learner model estimates the progression of the development of skills targeted in the game. The adaptation module uses this estimation to automatically plan an adapted sequence of in-game situations optimizing learning. We implemented our architecture in Game of Homes, a simulation serious game, which aims to train adults the basics of real estate. We built a scripted-based version of Game of Homes in order to compare the impact of scripted-based scenarios versus generated scenarios on learning progression. We qualitatively analyzed logs files of thirty-six adults who played Game of Homes for 90 minutes. The main results highlighted the specificity of the generated pedagogical scenarios for each learner and, more specifically, the optimization of the guidance provided and of the presentation of the learning content throughout the game.
Training Infrastructure to Participate in Real Life Institutions
Authors: Almajano Pablo , Lopez-Sanchez Maite , Rodriguez Inmaculada , Puig Anna , Llorente Maria Salamó , Ribera Mireia
Published: October 2019

This chapter presents an example of a virtual training scenario that allows trainees to learn the rules of real human institutions before joining them, that is, before having to cope with the consequences of their binding actions in real (serious) settings. The development of the training scenario is based on a combination of Electronic Institutions technology with 3D Virtual Worlds, and is enhanced with tutoring agents that provide assistance services along the training process. The theoretical benefits that result from this approach are demonstrated through an authentic scenario that represents a market (i.e., an institution) devoted to trading water rights. This scenario has been tested with real users, and thus, its benefits have been empirically assessed.
Products in Maritime and Costal Tourism
Authors: António dos Santos da Silva Francisco , Almeida Maria do Céu , Gonçalves Bárbara Pereira
Published: October 2019

Coasteering is a recent nautical, nature, and adventure tourism activity with prospects for both services providers and regions of practice. In coastal settings with promising natural features, coasteering allows diversifying the supply of activities and experiences with large emotional value. Knowledge about this product, together with key aspects for structuring the tourist experience and its commercialization, are relevant to regions where coasteering can add value for both tourism and leisure. The main objectives of this chapter are to characterize coasteering and to analyze its potential as a tourism product. The analysis of cases in the United Kingdom and in Portugal supports the definition of proposals for the evaluation of this product in diverse coastal settings in these countries.
Laugh and Laughter as Adaptation in Human Being
Authors: Yama Hiroshi
Published: October 2019

In the process of human evolution, the biggest adaptive problems have been how to maintain a group and how to rise in rank in a group hierarchy. If an adaptive problem is solved, the probability the solver will survive and success in reproduction rises. Laugh and laughter is discussed in the frame that it has been used to solve the adaptive problem in this chapter. The trigger of laughter is the cognition of a discrepancy. The discrepancy is the difference between what is expected and the actual state. A discrepancy cannot be serious to cause laugh and laughter. If it is implicitly expected to be resolved, then it is likely to arise a laughter with positive feeling. When laughter is shared by some people, it functions to link them with friendly relationship. On the other hand, the laughter becomes derisive (ridicule) when the discrepancy is between a social norm and an actual behavior. The ridicule functions to one's supremacy over the target individual. This function has been adaptive in the society of dominance hierarchy.
FARINHAS DE BANANA: DESENVOLVIMENTO DO PRODUTO E SUA CARACTERIZAÇÃO FÍSICO-QUÍMICA E FUNCIONAL
Authors: Szeremeta Jéssica Spak , Siguel Gilvania , Amaral Janaína Gomes , Nascimento Revenli Fernanda do , Canteri Maria Helene Giovanetti
Published: October 2019

Considerando a necessidade de ofertar produtos a partir da banana in natura e o grande interesse da indústria de alimentos pela farinha de banana no estádio de maturação verde, este trabalho teve por objetivo desenvolver e comparar quantitativamente os aspectos físico-químicos e funcionais de quatro farinhas: farinha de banana verde (branqueada ou não) e farinha de banana madura produzida em bancada e comercial. Foram realizadas análises de Aw, cinzas, pH, cor instrumental, proteínas, lipídeos, fibra alimentar total, pectina, capacidade de retenção de água e óleo e estabilidade emulsionante. Os resultados indicaram que a farinha de banana verde branqueada apresentou coloração mais clara, mais verde e menos amarela, com maior teor de pectina e elevado teor de fibra insolúvel. Em comparação com as farinhas de banana madura, as farinhas de banana verde indicaram maior capacidade de retenção de água e baixa capacidade de retenção de óleo. De maneira geral, tanto a farinha de banana verde branqueada, quanto a não branqueada, são alternativas interessantes para aplicação em produtos alimentícios, sob os aspectos econômico, ambiental e funcional.
OS TRÊS PILARES DA SUSTENTABILIDADE NA KNX PLÁSTICO E ALUMÍNIO
Authors: Davies Flavia Rafaela , Ana Paula de Lima da Silva
Published: October 2019

As organizações existem para produzir e precisam de recursos para tal, como energia, matéria-prima, mão-de-obra, equipamentos, tecnologia e informação. Posto isso e observado as inúmeras empresas, indústrias e organizações produtoras que utilizam constantemente desses recursos e nem sempre de maneira responsável, é preciso refletir sobre as necessidades futuras. O uso consciente e responsável de materiais, correto descarte de resíduos e emissão reduzida de poluentes contribui para a garantia de que haverá recursos naturais para todos no presente e no futuro. Existem métodos, normas, leis que regulam e direcionam práticas sustentáveis, mas isso não deve ser o único motivo para que as organizações se adequem, a preocupação real com o meio ambiente e com a sociedade deveria ser o fator norteador para práticas empresariais sustentáveis. Além disso, a crescente demanda de consumidores exigentes quando à procedência de produtos que consomem tem feito algumas empresas voltar a atenção às questões socioambientais
Effect of pH on the Environmentally Friendly Fabrication of Silver Nanoparticles Using Rambutan Peel Extract
Authors: Phongtongpasuk Siriporn , Norasingsatorn Titika , Yongvanich Niti
Published: October 2019

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have been intensively researched because of their wide range of applications in the areas of catalysis, optics, antimicrobials and biomaterials production. The pH of the reaction mixture is one of the crucial parameters for improving the properties of AgNP, including size, morphology and agglomeration. In this study, AgNPs were synthesized by a biological method using rambutan peel extract. The effect of pH on the resultant biogenic AgNPs was observed by varying the pH values to be 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 and 12. The biosynthesized AgNPs was characterized by UV-Vis spectroscopy (UV-Vis), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and Zeta potential analysis. The results showed the formation of AgNPs with size ranging from 15-120 nm in diameter. Phytochemical compounds in the extract are likely responsible for the reduction and stabilization of AgNPs. The shape, size and stability of AgNPs depend on the pH of the solution. AgNPs prepared at pH 2, 4 and 6 were of various shapes with a large size distribution. Those synthesized in basic solution (pH 8, 10 and 12) were spherical in shape. The results indicate that pH 8 is optimal for synthesis of AgNP as it offers pureness and fineness with narrow size distribution. Furthermore, biosynthesized AgNP exhibits antibacterial activity against the growth of selected human pathogens.
Preparation and Properties of Polylactide Reinforced with Eggshell Modified with Different Fatty Acids
Authors: Threepopnatkul Poonsub , Sittatrakul Amnard , Anuraka Kanpurassakorn , Mekmok Onanong , Khunkaew Alongkorn , Kulsetthanchalee Chanin , Moustafa Hesham
Published: October 2019

The composite materials of biodegradable polymer, poly(lactic acid) (PLA) and fatty acid modified eggshell 15 phr were prepared using a twin screw extruder. Eggshell was modified with different types of fatty acids i.e. propionic acid and oleic acid. Samples were shaped by an injection molding machine to prepare the specimens for mechanical testing. A scanning electron microscope was used to characterize the fracture surface of the composites to ascertain their morphological properties. A universal testing machine and an impact tester were used to investigate the mechanical properties. From the investigation, it was found that the dispersion of eggshell modified with fatty acid in PLA matrix is more uniform than unmodified eggshell. Young’s modulus and tensile strength of the composites between PLA and eggshell modified with propionic acid are higher than neat PLA and PLA/eggshell modified with oleic acid. On the other hands, the relative amount of elongation at break and impact strength of PLA/eggshell modified with propionic acid composite are lower than the composites of PLA and eggshell modified with oleic acid.
Fabrication of an ISFET Sensor for the Detection of Sodium Ions in Body Plasma
Authors: Yanwittayakul Krittin , Khaokhiew Tararat , Chaisriratanakul Woraphan , Bunjongpru Win , Srinives Sira
Published: October 2019

Sodium chloride, commonly known as table salt, is widely used as essential seasoning in food, snacks and deserts worldwide. However, excessive consumption of table salt is a major cause of various health issues, involving high blood pressure, liver cirrhosis, kidney disease, and heart failure. This research aims at creating a portable, low-powered, efficient sensor for detection of sodium ions in body plasma for medical diagnosis purpose. The device was fabricated on a platform of Ion-Sensitive Field-Effect Transistor (ISFET) modified with sodium ionophore (sodium recognizing element), entrapped in polyurethane thin film. Our preliminary studies show that sodium ionophore-modified ISFET sensor yields good sensing performances, having a maximum sensitivity of 43 mV/pNa, and a detection limit of 2.3 millimol/liter.
Corrosion Investigation and Microstructure of High Calcium Fly Ash Reinforced Al6061
Authors: Kosasang Onthida , Kummoo Autsadawooth , Konghakot Ratchapol , Talangkun Sukangkana
Published: October 2019

In this study, the effect of high Ca fly ash on the corrosion behavior and microstructure of Al6061 alloy matrix composite was investigated. The Al6061 matrix composites containing 5, 7, and 10 wt% of fly ash particles were prepared by the stir casting process. The corrosion behavior was investigated using potentiodynamic polarization measurement using 5 wt% NaCl. The results revealed that the Icorr increased from 2.44 µA/cm2 to 8.60 µA/cm2 as the fly ash concentration increased from 5 wt% to 10 wt%. This increase of Icorr indicates an increase of the corrosion rate. The corrosion mainly occurs at the interface between fly ash particles and Al 6061 matrix.
Employer requirements and employability mindsets influencing graduate workers’ self-confidence in gaining employment
Authors: Coetzee Melinde , Ferreira Nadia , Potgieter Ingrid L.
Published: October 2019

Background: Little is known about when (under which mindset conditions) graduate workers’ self-confidence in gaining employment increases.Objective: The current study explored the interaction effects between employers’ importance attached to graduate workers’ graduateness and employability qualities, and graduate workers’ mindsets of marketability, entrepreneurial orientation and networking or job search orientation in predicting their self-confidence in gaining employment.Method: The study was exploratory and cross-sectional in nature, involving (N = 153) predominantly black African (71%) graduate-level workers employed in the South African services industry.Results: Hierarchical moderated regression analysis showed significant moderation effects on the mindsets of entrepreneurial orientation and marketability.Conclusion: The findings added new insights to the employability research literature by introducing the influencing role of the prospective employee’s own mindset in raising intrinsic self-confidence in gaining employment, while also triggering extrinsic self-confidence in employability in the link with employers’ requirements for graduateness and employability qualities.
Erratum: The intersection of disability and food security: Perspectives of health and humanitarian aid workers
Authors: Quarmby Candice A. , Pillay Mershen
Published: October 2019

No abstract available.
Corrigendum: The impact of stroke on people living in central Uganda: A descriptive study
Authors: Kamwesiga Julius T. , Von Koch Lena K. , Eriksson Gunilla M. , Guidetti Susanne G.E.
Published: October 2019

No abstract available.
A review of experimental techniques for aerosol hygroscopicity studies
Authors: Tang Mingjin , Chan Chak K. , Li Yong Jie , Su Hang , Ma Qingxin , Wu Zhijun , Zhang Guohua , Wang Zhe , Ge Maofa , Hu Min , He Hong , Wang Xinming
Published: October 2019

Abstract. Hygroscopicity is one of the most important physicochemical properties of
aerosol particles and also plays indispensable roles in many other
scientific and technical fields. A myriad of experimental techniques, which
differ in principles, configurations and cost, are available for
investigating aerosol hygroscopicity under subsaturated conditions (i.e.,
relative humidity below 100 %). A comprehensive review of these techniques
is provided in this paper, in which experimental techniques are broadly
classified into four categories, according to the way samples under
investigation are prepared. For each technique, we describe its operation
principle and typical configuration, use representative examples reported in
previous work to illustrate how this technique can help better understand
aerosol hygroscopicity, and discuss its advantages and disadvantages. In
addition, future directions are outlined and discussed for further technical
improvement and instrumental development.
Trans-Pacific transport and evolution of aerosols: spatiotemporal characteristics and source contributions
Authors: Hu Zhiyuan , Huang Jianping , Zhao Chun , Ma Yuanyuan , Jin Qinjian , Qian Yun , Leung L. Ruby , Bi Jianrong , Ma Jianmin
Published: October 2019

Abstract. Aerosols in the middle and upper troposphere have a long
enough lifetime for trans-Pacific transport from East Asia to North America
to influence air quality on the west coast of the United States (US). Here,
we conduct quasi-global simulations (180∘ W–180∘ E
and 70∘ S–75∘ N) from 2010 to 2014 using an updated
version of WRF-Chem (Weather Research and Forecasting model fully coupled
with chemistry) to analyze the spatiotemporal characteristics and source
contributions of trans-Pacific aerosol transport. We find that trans-Pacific
total aerosols have a maximum mass concentration (about 15 µg m−3) in
the boreal spring with a peak between 3 and 4 km above the surface around
40∘ N. Sea salt and dust dominate the total aerosol mass
concentration below 1 km and above 4 km, respectively. About 80.8 Tg of
total aerosols (48.7 Tg of dust) are exported annually from East Asia, of
which 26.7 Tg of aerosols (13.4 Tg of dust) reach the west coast of the US.
Dust contributions from four desert regions in the Northern Hemisphere are
analyzed using a tracer-tagging technique. About 4.9, 3.9, and 4.5 Tg year−1 of dust aerosol emitted from north Africa, the Middle East and
central Asia, and East Asia, respectively, can be transported to the west
coast of the US. The trans-Pacific aerosols dominate the column-integrated
aerosol mass (∼65.5 %) and number concentration
(∼80 %) over western North America. Radiation budget
analysis shows that the inflow aerosols could contribute about 86.4 %
(−2.91 W m−2) at the surface, 85.5 % (+1.36 W m−2) in
the atmosphere, and 87.1 % (−1.55 W m−2) at the top of atmosphere to
total aerosol radiative effect over western North America. However, near the
surface in central and eastern North America, aerosols are mainly
derived from local emissions, and the radiative effect of imported aerosols
decreases rapidly. This study motivates further investigations of the
potential impacts of trans-Pacific aerosols from East Asia on regional air
quality and the hydrological cycle in North America.
Modelling of the public health costs of fine particulate matter
and results for Finland in 2015
Authors: Kukkonen Jaakko , Savolahti Mikko , Palamarchuk Yuliia , Lanki Timo , Nurmi Väinö , Paunu Ville-Veikko , Kangas Leena , Sofiev Mikhail , Karppinen Ari , Maragkidou Androniki , Tiittanen Pekka , Karvosenoja Niko
Published: October 2019

Abstract. We have developed an integrated tool of assessment that can be used for evaluating the public health costs caused by the concentrations of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) in ambient air. The model can be used in assessing the impacts of various alternative air quality abatement measures, policies and strategies. The model has been applied for the evaluation of the costs of the domestic emissions that influence the concentrations of PM2.5 in Finland in 2015. The model includes the impacts on human health; however, it does not address the impacts on climate change or the state of the environment. First, the national Finnish emissions were evaluated using the Finnish Regional Emission Scenarios model (FRES) on a resolution of 250 × 250 m2 for the whole of Finland. Second, the atmospheric dispersion was analyzed by using the chemical transport model SILAM and the source-receptor matrices contained in the FRES model. Third, the health impacts were assessed by combining the spatially resolved concentration and population datasets, and by analyzing the impacts for various health outcomes. Fourth, the economic impacts for the health outcomes were evaluated. The model can be used to evaluate the costs of the health damages for various emission source categories, for a unit of emissions of PM2.5. It was found that economically the most effective measures would be the reduction of the emissions in urban areas of (i) road transport, (ii) non-road vehicles and machinery, and (iii) residential wood combustion. The reduction of the precursor emissions of PM2.5 was clearly less effective, compared with reducing directly the emissions of PM2.5. We have also designed a user-friendly web-based tool of assessment that is available open access.