bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
GeoTraductores: A Collaborative Initiative Democratizing Science Communication in Latin America
Authors: Navarro‐Perez D. J. , Ramírez‐Salazar A. , Barragán‐Montilla S. , Arredondo M. Garcia , Sepúlveda N. Rodríguez , Venturi O. , Rosa Marín A. , Gómez Correa M. A. , Micalizio C. S. , Bastien‐Olvera B. A.
Published: September 2024

GeoTraductores is an collaborative initiative between Eos, Planeteando, andGeoLatinas that aims to provide Spanish‐speaking communities access to current scientific findings. This goal is accomplished by translating science articles originally published in English on AGU's Eos.org, within their Science News magazine, into Spanish. This cross‐organizational initiative has translated, edited, and published over 150 articles, breaking the language barrier for Spanish‐speaking communities. Our experience since 2020 has allowed us to tailor an efficient co‐production model, which starts with (a) the selection of articles of interest to translate, followed by (b) the translation, reviewing, and editing process by volunteers, and (c) the publication and social media dissemination of the translated article. The tangible impact of GeoTraductores is evident in the substantial surge of visitor traffic to the Eos website between 2020 and 2023, particularly from Latin American countries. Notably, increases exceeding 85% were observed in Colombia, Mexico, and Panama, with 20% or greater growth in Chile, Brazil, Costa Rica, Peru, and Ecuador, confirming the initiative's success in meeting a genuine need. This impact extends globally, with Spain experiencing a 40% increase in visitors. Our co‐production model is possible thanks to the contribution of around 40 GeoTraductores, mainly women (85%), who are native Spanish speakers or bilingual (Spanish and English speaking). These early‐career scientists, through their volunteer work, enhance their bilingual communication skills while breaking down language barriers in science communication. The Eos‐Planeteando‐GeoLatinas co‐production model fosters science democratization for Latin America while promoting diversity, equity, and inclusion in Earth Sciences, one translation at a time.
The 3D Crustal Structure of the Wilkes Subglacial Basin, East Antarctica, Using Variation of Information Joint Inversion of Gravity and Magnetic Data
Authors: Lowe Maximilian , Jordan Tom , Moorkamp Max , Ebbing Jörg , Green Chris , Lösing Mareen , Riley Teal , Larter Robert
Published: September 2024

Direct geological information in Antarctica is limited to ice free regions along the coast, high mountain ranges, or isolated nunataks. Therefore, indirect methods are required to reveal subglacial geology and heterogeneities in crustal properties, which are critical steps toward interpreting geological history. We present a 3D crustal model of density and susceptibility distribution in the Wilkes Subglacial Basin (WSB) and the Transantarctic Mountains (TAM) based on joint inversion of airborne gravity and magnetic data. The applied “variation of information” technique enforces a coupling between inferred susceptibility and density, relating these quantities to the same gravity and magnetic sources to give an enhanced inversion result. Our model reveals a large body located in the interior of the WSB interpreted as a batholithic intrusive structure, as well as a linear dense body at the margin of the Terre Adélie Craton. Density and susceptibility relationships are used to inform the interpretation of petrophysical properties and the reconstruction of the origin of those crustal bodies. The petrophysical relationship indicates that the postulated batholitic intrusion is granitic, but independent from the Granite Harbor Igneous Complex described previously in the TAM area. Emplacement of a large volume of intrusive granites can potentially elevate local geothermal heat flow significantly. Finally, we present a new conceptual tectonic model based on the inversion results, which includes development of a passive continental margin with seaward dipping basalt horizons and magmatic underplating followed by two distinct intrusive events associated with the protracted Ross Orogen.
Model Suggests Undersea Mountains Help Mix the Global Ocean
Authors: Hornyak Tim
Published: September 2024

Seamounts may play a significant role in ocean turbulence and the upwelling of deep waters.
The Effect of Hydrate Formation Conditions on the Mechanics of Laboratory Methane Hydrate‐Bearing Sediments
Authors: Rake L. , Pinkert S.
Published: September 2024

The mechanics of methane hydrate‐bearing sediments (MHBS) have been broadly investigated over recent years in the context of methane‐gas production or climate‐change effects. Their mechanical investigation has mainly been carried out using models constructed from experimental data obtained for laboratory‐formed MHBS. Along with the dominant effects of hydrate saturation and morphology within the host soil pores, this study recognizes the effective pressure at which the hydrate is formed as a key factor in the MHBS mechanics. A state‐of‐the‐art experimental study has been conducted in order to isolate the effect of the hydrate formation pressure, for use as a model parameter. Two generalized mechanical prediction models that incorporate the effect of the hydrate formation pressure are developed in this work: (a) an analytical shear strength prediction, and (b) an empiric graphical model for predicting volumetric changes along a given stress path. The models are related to a novel data representation which enables the analysis of a few individual test outcomes as a whole, through a volume‐change mapping that describes the complex influence of the volumetric effect of hydrate in MHBS, under combined hydrostatic and deviatoric loading scenarios. In this study, we delve into a specific configuration of hydrate morphology, hydrate saturation, and host soil type, enabling a distinctive fundamental geotechnical investigation and the development of a conceptual modeling approach. The paper describes the approaches by which the MHBS properties can be extracted for other MHBS samples (than those examined in this work) having different host soils and hydrate pore‐space morphologies.
Massive Ice Outcrops and Thermokarst Along the Arctic Shelf Edge: By‐Products of Ongoing Groundwater Freezing and Thawing in the Sub‐Surface
Authors: Paull Charles K. , Hong Jong Kuk , Caress David W. , Gwiazda Roberto , Kim Ji‐Hoon , Lundsten Eve , Paduan Jennifer B. , Jin Young Keun , Duchesne Mathieu J. , Rhee Tae Siek , Brake Virginia , Obelcz Jeffrey , Walton Maureen A. L.
Published: September 2024

Substantial seafloor morphological changes are rapidly occurring along the Canadian Arctic shelf edge. Five multibeam bathymetric mapping surveys, each partially covering a 15 km2 study area between 120‐ and 200‐m water depth, were conducted over a 12‐year time period. These surveys reveal that 65 new craters have developed between 2010 and 2022, averaging 6.5 m and reaching up to 30 m deep. Remotely operated vehicle investigations revealed massive ice outcrops exposed on two newly formed crater flanks. This ice is not relict subaerially formed Pleistocene permafrost because it is hosted in sediments which were deposited in a submarine setting post‐deglaciation. Low salinity porewater and sediment core ice samples with depleted oxygen isotopic compositions indicate waters with a meteoric signature are discharging and freezing in this area. These ascending brackish groundwaters are likely derived in part from thawed relict permafrost hundreds of meters under the continental shelf. They refreeze as they approach the −1.4°C seafloor, leading to the development of widespread, near seafloor, sub‐bottom ice layers. Conditions appropriate for ice melting also exist nearby where ice is exposed to seawater or warmed by ascending groundwater. Small variations in temperature and salinity lead to shifts between freezing of ascending brackish groundwater or melting of near seafloor ice layers. These conditions have produced a dramatic submarine thermokarst morphology riddled with multi‐aged depressions. Thermokarst geohazards may exist, unmapped, on other Arctic margins with groundwater channeled toward the shelf edge by a relict permafrost cap, and sufficiently cold shelf edge bottom water temperatures.
LocoMMotion: a study of real-life current standards of care in triple-class exposed patients with relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma – 2-year follow-up (final analysis)
Authors: Mateos María-Victoria , Weisel Katja , De Stefano Valerio , Goldschmidt Hartmut , Delforge Michel , Mohty Mohamad , Dytfeld Dominik , Angelucci Emanuele , Vincent Laure , Perrot Aurore , Benjamin Reuben , van de Donk Niels W. C. J. , Ocio Enrique M. , Roccia Tito , Schecter Jordan M. , Koskinen Silva , Haddad Imène , Strulev Vadim , Mitchell Lada , Buyze Jozefien , Filho Octavio Costa , Einsele Hermann , Moreau Philippe
Published: September 2024

Treatment of relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM) is challenging as patients exhaust all available therapies and the disease becomes refractory to standard drug classes. Here we report the final results of LocoMMotion, the first prospective study of real-world clinical practice (RWCP) in triple-class exposed (TCE) patients with RRMM, with a median follow-up of 26.4 months (range, 0.1–35.0). Patients (N  =  248) had received median 4 prior LOT (range, 2–13) at enrollment. 91 unique regimens were used in index LOT. Overall response rate was 31.9% (95% CI, 26.1–38.0), median progression-free survival (PFS) was 4.6 months (95% CI, 3.9–5.6) and median overall survival was 13.8 months (95% CI, 10.8–17.0). 152 patients (61.3%) had subsequent LOTs with 134 unique regimens, of which 78 were used in first subsequent LOT. Median PFS2 (from start of study through first subsequent LOT) was 10.8 months (95% CI, 8.4–13.0). 158 patients died on study, 67.7% due to progressive disease. Additional subgroup analyses and long-term safety summaries are reported. The high number of RWCP treatment regimens utilized and poor clinical outcomes confirm a lack of standardized treatment for TCE patients with RRMM, highlighting the need for new treatments with novel mechanisms.
Functional activation of the AKT-mTOR signalling axis in a real-world metastatic breast cancer cohort
Authors: Prasad Deepika , Baldelli Elisa , Blais Edik M. , Davis Justin , El Gazzah Emna , Mueller Claudius , Gomeiz Alison , Ibrahim Aisha , Newrekar Avani Vinayak , Corgiat Brian A. , Dunetz Rick , Petricoin III Emanuel F. , Wei Qi , Pierobon Mariaelena
Published: September 2024

Background

Mutations of the PIK3CA/AKT/mTOR axis are common events in metastatic breast cancers (MBCs). This study was designed to evaluate the extent to which genetic alterations of the PIK3CA/AKT/mTOR can predict protein activation of this signalling axis in MBCs.

Methods

Molecular profiles were generated by CLIA-certified laboratories from a real-world evidence cohort of 171 MBC patients. Genetic alterations of the PIK3CA pathway were measured using next-generation sequencing. Activation levels of AKT and downstream signalling molecules were quantified using two orthogonal proteomic methods. Protein activity was correlated with underlying genomic profiles and response to CDK4/6 inhibition in combination with endocrine treatment (ET).

Results

Oncogenic alterations of the PIK3CA/AKT/PTEN pathway were identified in 49.7% of cases. Genomic profiles emerged as poor predictors of protein activity (AUC:0.69), and AKT phosphorylation levels mimicked those of mutant lesions in 76.9% of wild-type tumours. High phosphorylation levels of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR downstream target p70S6 Kinase (T389) were associated with shorter PFS in patients treated with CDK4/6 inhibitors in combination with ET (HR:4.18 95%CI:1.19–14.63); this association was not seen when patients were classified by mutational status.

Conclusions

Phosphoprotein-based measurements of drug targets and downstream substrates should be captured along with genomic information to identify MBCs driven by the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signalling.
Combining RAS(ON) G12C-selective inhibitor with SHP2 inhibition sensitises lung tumours to immune checkpoint blockade
Authors: Anastasiou Panayiotis , Moore Christopher , Rana Sareena , Tomaschko Mona , Pillsbury Claire E. , de Castro Andrea , Boumelha Jesse , Mugarza Edurne , de Carné Trécesson Sophie , Mikolajczak Ania , Blaj Cristina , Goldstone Robert , Smith Jacqueline A. M. , Quintana Elsa , Molina-Arcas Miriam , Downward Julian
Published: September 2024

Mutant selective drugs targeting the inactive, GDP-bound form of KRASG12C have been approved for use in lung cancer, but resistance develops rapidly. Here we use an inhibitor, (RMC-4998) that targets RASG12C in its active, GTP-bound form, to treat KRAS mutant lung cancer in various immune competent mouse models. RAS pathway reactivation after RMC-4998 treatment could be delayed using combined treatment with a SHP2 inhibitor, which not only impacts tumour cell RAS signalling but also remodels the tumour microenvironment to be less immunosuppressive. In an immune inflamed model, RAS and SHP2 inhibitors in combination drive durable responses by suppressing tumour relapse and inducing development of immune memory. In an immune excluded model, combined RAS and SHP2 inhibition sensitises tumours to immune checkpoint blockade, leading to efficient tumour immune rejection. These preclinical results demonstrate the potential of the combination of RAS(ON) G12C-selective inhibitors with SHP2 inhibitors to sensitize tumours to immune checkpoint blockade.
Single-cell CAR T atlas reveals type 2 function in 8-year leukaemia remission
Authors: Bai Zhiliang , Feng Bing , McClory Susan E. , de Oliveira Beatriz Coutinho , Diorio Caroline , Gregoire Céline , Tao Bo , Yang Luojia , Zhao Ziran , Peng Lei , Sferruzza Giacomo , Zhou Liqun , Zhou Xiaolei , Kerr Jessica , Baysoy Alev , Su Graham , Yang Mingyu , Camara Pablo G. , Chen Sidi , Tang Li , June Carl H. , Melenhorst J. Joseph , Grupp Stephan A. , Fan Rong
Published: September 2024

Despite a high response rate in chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy for acute lymphocytic leukaemia (ALL)1–3, approximately 50% of patients relapse within the first year4–6, representing an urgent question to address in the next stage of cellular immunotherapy. Here, to investigate the molecular determinants of ultralong CAR T cell persistence, we obtained a single-cell multi-omics atlas from 695,819 pre-infusion CAR T cells at the basal level or after CAR-specific stimulation from 82 paediatric patients with ALL enrolled in the first two CAR T ALL clinical trials and 6 healthy donors. We identified that elevated type 2 functionality in CAR T infusion products is significantly associated with patients maintaining a median B cell aplasia duration of 8.4 years. Analysis of ligand–receptor interactions revealed that type 2 cells regulate a dysfunctional subset to maintain whole-population homeostasis, and the addition of IL-4 during antigen-specific activation alleviates CAR T cell dysfunction while enhancing fitness at both transcriptomic and epigenomic levels. Serial proteomic profiling of sera after treatment revealed a higher level of circulating type 2 cytokines in 5-year or 8-year relapse-free responders. In a leukaemic mouse model, type 2high CAR T cell products demonstrated superior expansion and antitumour activity, particularly after leukaemia rechallenge. Restoring antitumour efficacy in type 2low CAR T cells was attainable by enhancing their type 2 functionality, either through incorporating IL-4 into the manufacturing process or by priming manufactured CAR T products with IL-4 before infusion. Our findings provide insights into the mediators of durable CAR T therapy response and suggest potential therapeutic strategies to sustain long-term remission by boosting type 2 functionality in CAR T cells.
Larger and more instructable language models become less reliable
Authors: Zhou Lexin , Schellaert Wout , Martínez-Plumed Fernando , Moros-Daval Yael , Ferri Cèsar , Hernández-Orallo José
Published: September 2024

The prevailing methods to make large language models more powerful and amenable have been based on continuous scaling up (that is, increasing their size, data volume and computational resources1) and bespoke shaping up (including post-filtering2,3, fine tuning or use of human feedback4,5). However, larger and more instructable large language models may have become less reliable. By studying the relationship between difficulty concordance, task avoidance and prompting stability of several language model families, here we show that easy instances for human participants are also easy for the models, but scaled-up, shaped-up models do not secure areas of low difficulty in which either the model does not err or human supervision can spot the errors. We also find that early models often avoid user questions but scaled-up, shaped-up models tend to give an apparently sensible yet wrong answer much more often, including errors on difficult questions that human supervisors frequently overlook. Moreover, we observe that stability to different natural phrasings of the same question is improved by scaling-up and shaping-up interventions, but pockets of variability persist across difficulty levels. These findings highlight the need for a fundamental shift in the design and development of general-purpose artificial intelligence, particularly in high-stakes areas for which a predictable distribution of errors is paramount.
Human hippocampal and entorhinal neurons encode the temporal structure of experience
Authors: Tacikowski Pawel , Kalender Güldamla , Ciliberti Davide , Fried Itzhak
Published: September 2024

Extracting the underlying temporal structure of experience is a fundamental aspect of learning and memory that allows us to predict what is likely to happen next. Current knowledge about the neural underpinnings of this cognitive process in humans stems from functional neuroimaging research1–5. As these methods lack direct access to the neuronal level, it remains unknown how this process is computed by neurons in the human brain. Here we record from single neurons in individuals who have been implanted with intracranial electrodes for clinical reasons, and show that human hippocampal and entorhinal neurons gradually modify their activity to encode the temporal structure of a complex image presentation sequence. This representation was formed rapidly, without providing specific instructions to the participants, and persisted when the prescribed experience was no longer present. Furthermore, the structure recovered from the population activity of hippocampal–entorhinal neurons closely resembled the structural graph defining the sequence, but at the same time, also reflected the probability of upcoming stimuli. Finally, learning of the sequence graph was related to spontaneous, time-compressed replay of individual neurons’ activity corresponding to previously experienced graph trajectories. These findings demonstrate that neurons in the hippocampus and entorhinal cortex integrate the ‘what’ and ‘when’ information to extract durable and predictive representations of the temporal structure of human experience.
Yield of genetic association signals from genomes, exomes and imputation in the UK Biobank
Authors: Gaynor Sheila M. , Joseph Tyler , Bai Xiaodong , Zou Yuxin , Boutkov Boris , Maxwell Evan K. , Delaneau Olivier , Hofmeister Robin J. , Krasheninina Olga , Balasubramanian Suganthi , Marcketta Anthony , Backman Joshua ,   Regeneron Genetics Center, Reid Jeffrey G. , Overton John D. , Lotta Luca A. , Marchini Jonathan , Salerno William J. , Baras Aris , Abecasis Goncalo R. , Thornton Timothy A.
Published: September 2024

Whole-genome sequencing (WGS), whole-exome sequencing (WES) and array genotyping with imputation (IMP) are common strategies for assessing genetic variation and its association with medically relevant phenotypes. To date, there has been no systematic empirical assessment of the yield of these approaches when applied to hundreds of thousands of samples to enable the discovery of complex trait genetic signals. Using data for 100 complex traits from 149,195 individuals in the UK Biobank, we systematically compare the relative yield of these strategies in genetic association studies. We find that WGS and WES combined with arrays and imputation (WES + IMP) have the largest association yield. Although WGS results in an approximately fivefold increase in the total number of assayed variants over WES + IMP, the number of detected signals differed by only 1% for both single-variant and gene-based association analyses. Given that WES + IMP typically results in savings of lab and computational time and resources expended per sample, we evaluate the potential benefits of applying WES + IMP to larger samples. When we extend our WES + IMP analyses to 468,169 UK Biobank individuals, we observe an approximately fourfold increase in association signals with the threefold increase in sample size. We conclude that prioritizing WES + IMP and large sample sizes rather than contemporary short-read WGS alternatives will maximize the number of discoveries in genetic association studies.
Phylogenetic position of the pigeon mite, Ornithonyssus sylviarum, with amplification of its immunogenetic biomarkers in Egypt
Authors: Salem Mai A. , Taha Noha Madbouly , El-Bahy Mohamed M. , Ramadan Reem M.
Published: September 2024

Ornithonyssus sylviarum (O. sylviarum) is an obligatory, blood-sucking ectoparasite widely distributed among poultry and other mammals, causing significant economic losses. This study represented the first report of molecular genotypic identification of O. sylviarum from pigeons, Columba livia domestica, in Egypt. PCR and sequencing of the 28S rRNA gene were conducted. The resulting mite sequences were subjected to BLAST analysis, revealing 90–100% similarity to O. sylviarum in all tested samples. The sequences were deposited in GenBank under the accession numbers PP049086 and PP033720. A phylogenetic tree was constructed to compare the obtained species with related species worldwide. Additionally, infected pigeons showed increased expression of IL-1, IL-10, IFN-γ, and TGF-β3 genes and elevated serum levels of stress biomarkers. The increased level of these cytokines indicates there was a disturbance in the immune status of the infected host with parasite compared with control healthy ones. This increases the susceptibility to infection with other pathogens.
Exploring the impacts of high-speed rail on technology-intensive manufacturing: the case of the Yangtze River Delta region, 2007–2016
Authors: Ma Xiuxin , Van Rompaey Anton , Qiang Will W. , Derudder Ben
Published: September 2024

High-speed rail (HSR) may influence economic activities that rely heavily on innovation by facilitating skilled labour, face-to-face interactions, and knowledge spillovers. This study explores how HSR development affects the spatial distribution of technology-intensive manufacturing (TIM) in the Yangtze River Delta (YRD), China. Using a panel dataset including 24 cities for the period 2007–2016 and employing the output of communications equipment, computers, and other electronic equipment (CCOE) as a proxy for TIM’s economic productivity at the city level, we apply the staggered difference-in-differences (DID) and spatial Durbin model (SDM) to measure the impacts of HSR’s initial opening and connectivity on CCOE development and capture the spatial spillover effects of HSR connectivity. Our findings indicate that the initial opening of HSR and HSR connectivity are negatively associated with CCOE productivity in both DID and SDM. Additionally, the reduction of CCOE is more pronounced in cities with larger populations and higher levels of economy. Moreover, HSR has a more significant effect on CCOE than other manufacturing sectors. However, the spillover effects remain insignificant, indicating HSR’s limited impact on CCOE development in adjacent cities within the YRD.
EXCRETE workflow enables deep proteomics of the microbial extracellular environment
Authors: Russo David A. , Oliinyk Denys , Pohnert Georg , Meier Florian , Zedler Julie A. Z.
Published: September 2024

Extracellular proteins play a significant role in shaping microbial communities which, in turn, can impact ecosystem function, human health, and biotechnological processes. Yet, for many ubiquitous microbes, there is limited knowledge regarding the identity and function of secreted proteins. Here, we introduce EXCRETE (enhanced exoproteome characterization by mass spectrometry), a workflow that enables comprehensive description of microbial exoproteomes from minimal starting material. Using cyanobacteria as a case study, we benchmark EXCRETE and show a significant increase over current methods in the identification of extracellular proteins. Subsequently, we show that EXCRETE can be miniaturized and adapted to a 96-well high-throughput format. Application of EXCRETE to cyanobacteria from different habitats (Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803, Synechococcus sp. PCC 11901, and Nostoc punctiforme PCC 73102), and in different cultivation conditions, identified up to 85% of all potentially secreted proteins. Finally, functional analysis reveals that cell envelope maintenance and nutrient acquisition are central functions of the predicted cyanobacterial secretome. Collectively, these findings challenge the general belief that cyanobacteria lack secretory proteins and suggest that multiple functions of the secretome are conserved across freshwater, marine, and terrestrial species.
Combining systems and synthetic biology for in vivo enzymology
Authors: Castaño-Cerezo Sara , Chamas Alexandre , Kulyk Hanna , Treitz Christian , Bellvert Floriant , Tholey Andreas , Galéote Virginie , Camarasa Carole , Heux Stéphanie , Garcia-Alles Luis F , Millard Pierre , Truan Gilles
Published: September 2024

Enzymatic parameters are classically determined in vitro, under conditions that are far from those encountered in cells, casting doubt on their physiological relevance. We developed a generic approach combining tools from synthetic and systems biology to measure enzymatic parameters in vivo. In the context of a synthetic carotenoid pathway in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, we focused on a phytoene synthase and three phytoene desaturases, which are difficult to study in vitro. We designed, built, and analyzed a collection of yeast strains mimicking substantial variations in substrate concentration by strategically manipulating the expression of geranyl-geranyl pyrophosphate (GGPP) synthase. We successfully determined in vivo Michaelis-Menten parameters (KM, Vmax, and kcat) for GGPP-converting phytoene synthase from absolute metabolomics, fluxomics and proteomics data, highlighting differences between in vivo and in vitro parameters. Leveraging the versatility of the same set of strains, we then extracted enzymatic parameters for two of the three phytoene desaturases. Our approach demonstrates the feasibility of assessing enzymatic parameters directly in vivo, providing a novel perspective on the kinetic characteristics of enzymes in real cellular conditions.
SUMOylation of protein phosphatase 5 regulates phosphatase activity and substrate release
Authors: Sager Rebecca A , Backe Sarah J , Dunn Diana M , Heritz Jennifer A , Ahanin Elham , Dushukyan Natela , Panaretou Barry , Bratslavsky Gennady , Woodford Mark R , Bourboulia Dimitra , Mollapour Mehdi
Published: September 2024

The serine/threonine protein phosphatase 5 (PP5) regulates hormone and stress-induced signaling networks. Unlike other phosphoprotein phosphatases, PP5 contains both regulatory and catalytic domains and is further regulated through post-translational modifications (PTMs). Here we identify that SUMOylation of K430 in the catalytic domain of PP5 regulates phosphatase activity. Additionally, phosphorylation of PP5-T362 is pre-requisite for SUMOylation, suggesting the ordered addition of PTMs regulates PP5 function in cells. Using the glucocorticoid receptor, a well known substrate for PP5, we demonstrate that SUMOylation results in substrate release from PP5. We harness this information to create a non-SUMOylatable K430R mutant as a ‘substrate trap’ and globally identified novel PP5 substrate candidates. Lastly, we generated a consensus dephosphorylation motif using known substrates, and verified its presence in the new candidate substrates. This study unravels the impact of cross talk of SUMOylation and phosphorylation on PP5 phosphatase activity and substrate release in cells.
RIG-I is an intracellular checkpoint that limits CD8+ T-cell antitumour immunity
Authors: Duan Xiaobing , Hu Jiali , Zhang Yuncong , Zhao Xiaoguang , Yang Mingqi , Sun Taoping , Liu Siya , Chen Xin , Feng Juan , Li Wenting , Yang Ze , Zhang Yitian , Lin Xiaowen , Liu Dingjie , Meng Ya , Yang Guang , Lin Qiuping , Zhang Guihai , Lei Haihong , Yi Zhengsheng , Liu Yanyan , Liang Xiaobing , Wu Yujuan , Diao Wenqing , Li Zesong , Liang Haihai , Zhan Meixiao , Sun Hong-Wei , Li Xian-Yang , Lu Ligong
Published: September 2024

Retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I) is a pattern recognition receptor involved in innate immunity, but its role in adaptive immunity, specifically in the context of CD8+ T-cell antitumour immunity, remains unclear. Here, we demonstrate that RIG-I is upregulated in tumour-infiltrating CD8+ T cells, where it functions as an intracellular checkpoint to negatively regulate CD8+ T-cell function and limit antitumour immunity. Mechanistically, the upregulation of RIG-I in CD8+ T cells is induced by activated T cells, and directly inhibits the AKT/glycolysis signalling pathway. In addition, knocking out RIG-I enhances the efficacy of adoptively transferred T cells against solid tumours, and inhibiting RIG-I enhances the response to PD-1 blockade. Overall, our study identifies RIG-I as an intracellular checkpoint and a potential target for alleviating inhibitory constraints on T cells in cancer immunotherapy, either alone or in combination with an immune checkpoint inhibitor.
Forensic Science
Authors: Shaw Ian , Sandiford Anna
Published: September 2024

Forensic science is often important in criminal cases, so criminal justice professionals, including lawyers and forensic scene investigators, must have a basic understanding of what is often complex science. This book explains the science underpinning forensic techniques to give those who engage with forensic science professionally, but who are not primarily scientists, a level of understanding that will enable them to use forensic science data effectively. In addition, the book places the use of forensic data in the context of criminal cases to assess the reliability and usefulness of forensic data in court.

Succinctly presented, this book covers all the facets of forensic science for students who are hoping to become police officers, lawyers or other members of the criminal justice system. As forensic investigations have advanced, e.g. in DNA profiling, computer modelling and behavioural sciences, so has the need for an increase in the level of scientific knowledge. The author understands the challenges this brings and has written the book to explain complex information in an accessible and undemanding style. Using international case studies, this book will bring forensic science to life and include aspects of the author's personal journey.
Iron complexation by biomass model compounds
Authors: Mandalika Anurag S. , Runge Troy M.
Published: September 2024

Biomass-based renewable, biodegradable Fe(ii) and Fe(iii) chelators investigated using model compounds in DMSO where flavonol compounds showed greatest binding affiinity and cooperativity.
CO2-Based micro-respirometry for measuring bacterial load under aerobic and anaerobic conditions
Authors: McDonnell L. , Yusufu D. , Mills A.
Published: September 2024

A colourimetric CO2 indicator is used to measure aerobe and anaerobe bacterial load via micro-respirometry.
A chemiluminescent sensor based on CRISPR-HCR technology for the hypersensitive detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Authors: Qiao Yinuo , Wang Xiaoyan , Kang Xuning , Song Yuzhu , Zhang Jinyang , Han Qinqin
Published: September 2024

Tuberculosis is a highly infectious bacterial disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
Smart self-defensive coatings with bacteria-triggered antimicrobial response for medical devices
Authors: Cassa Maria Antonia , Gentile Piergiorgio , Girón-Hernández Joel , Ciardelli Gianluca , Carmagnola Irene
Published: September 2024

Smart self-defensive antibacterial coatings that respond to internal bacteria triggers are a powerful and promising tool in the fight against medical device-related bacterial infections.
External photocatalyst-free photocycloaddition between triplet vinylnitrenes with 1,3-biradical character and activated olefins under 420 nm LEDs
Authors: Malo Sidhartha , Santra Supriyo , Saha Jayanta , Ghosh Debashree , Das Indrajit
Published: September 2024

Triplet vinylnitrenes with 1,3-biradical character can undergo photocycloaddition with olefins to produce 1-pyrrolines. This method can also be used to generate pyrroles in a single process by combining the photocycloaddition and oxidation steps.
Polarisation effects on the H-bond acceptor properties of sulfonamides
Authors: Hanna Fergal E. , Hunter Christopher A.
Published: September 2024

An intramolecular H-bond between a pyridine and a sulfonamide NH group increases the H-bond acceptor strength of the sulfonamide oxygens. Polarisation of the sulfonamide group is directly proportional to the polarity of the pyridine H-bond acceptor.
Photoinduced 1,5-HAT-enabled 1,7-hydrosulfonylation of allylic ethers and amides
Authors: Deng Ke-Yi , Xie Zhen-Zhen , Yuan Chu-Ping , Guan Jian-Ping , Chen Kai , Xiang Hao-Yue , Yang Hua
Published: September 2024

A new photoinduced protocol to access 1,7-hydrosulfonylation of allylic ethers and amides was developed via a rationally designed Pd-mediated sequential 1,5-HAT process and allylic nucleophilic attack of arylsulfonates under mild conditions.
An octahedral coordination cage with six Fe(iii) centers as a T1 MRI probe
Authors: Dissanayake Aruni , Spernyak Joseph A. , Morrow Janet R.
Published: September 2024

A coordination cage containing six high-spin Fe(iii) centers is an effective T1 relaxation agent through second-sphere water interactions. The cage is robust towards dissociation and binds avidly to serum albumin through electrostatic interactions.
Metallaelectro-catalyzed alkyne annulations via C–H activations for sustainable heterocycle syntheses
Authors: Kushwaha Preeti , Saxena Anjali , von Münchow Tristan , Dana Suman , Saha Biswajit , Ackermann Lutz
Published: September 2024

Herein, an overview of the evolution of electrochemical C–H annulations with alkynes for the construction of heterocycles is provided, with a topical focus on the underlying mechanism manifolds.
Fullerene as a probe molecule for single-atom oxygen reduction electrocatalysts
Authors: Li Ning , Guo Kun , Lu Song , Bao Lipiao , Yu Zhixin , Lu Xing
Published: September 2024

This study reveals the probing role of fullerenes in identifying the active sites of single-atom catalysts due to steric hindrance.
Deoxygenation of allyl arylsulfones to allyl arylthioethers via a “cut-sew” strategy: phosphines as bifunctional reagents
Authors: Dong Liuxin , Shu Tao , Yang Di , Chen Min
Published: September 2024

Disclosed was deoxygenation of allyl arylsulfones to access thioethers using phosphines under photoredox conditions by a “cut-sew” strategy.
Hierarchical (Ni,Co)0.85Se sheets for efficient oxygen evolution reaction electrocatalysis: a combined approach of fabrication control and mechanistic understanding
Authors: Riaz Muhammad Sohail , Huang Qi , Duan Jingjing , Chen Sheng , Huang Fuqiang , Farras Pau
Published: September 2024

Controlled fabrication of porous (Ni,Co)0.85Se sheets improves OER performance through optimized electronic properties and enhanced kinetics.
Ultra-shallow p-type doping of silicon by performing atomic layer deposition of Al2O3 thin films onto SiO2/Si
Authors: Khaldi Salma , Karadan Prajith , Killi Krushnamurty , de Oliveira Clovis Eduardo Mazzotti , Yerushalmi Roie
Published: September 2024

Atomic layer deposition of Al2O3 onto intrinsic Si and ultra-shallow p-type doping of Si after rapid thermal processing, respectively.
LaMer-model-based synthesis method for fine particles of octacalcium phosphate and related functional compounds
Authors: Yokoi Taishi , Goto Tomoyo , Sekino Tohru , Hasegawa Tomoka , Chen Peng , Kanetaka Hiroyasu , Yoshida Kaname , Shimabukuro Masaya , Kawashita Masakazu
Published: September 2024

We developed a new precipitation method based on the LaMer model for synthesising fine particles of plain octacalcium phosphate (OCP) and OCP with incorporated carboxylate ions.
Topological and magnetic regulation in three cobalt(ii) coordination polymers constructed using a mixed bipyrimidine–tetracarboxylate strategy
Authors: Tian Zhengfang , Yang Shun-Yi , Zhu Junlun , Ruan Zhijun , Shao Dong
Published: September 2024

Three cobalt(ii) coordination polymers constructed using a mixed bipyrimidine–tetracarboxylate strategy were reported to exhibit varying topologies and magnetic properties.
Experimental evidence of the pyroelectric nature of struvite
Authors: Cabassi Riccardo , Delmonte Davide , Prywer Jolanta
Published: September 2024

Struvite (MgNH4PO4·6H2O) is a mineral first identified in 1845.
Construction, structures, and magnetic studies of two cobalt(ii) and nickel(ii) coordination polymers displaying bex topology
Authors: Wu Si-Tong , Ruan Zhijun , Tian Zhengfang , Shi Le , Yang Jiong , Shao Dong
Published: September 2024

Synthesis, structures, adsorption, and magnetic properties were reported for two cobalt(ii) and nickel(ii) coordination polymers displaying bex topology.
Theoretical terahertz spectroscopy of free radical solutes in solution: an EPR spin probe in water
Authors: Sharma Bikramjit , Schienbein Philipp , Forbert Harald , Marx Dominik
Published: September 2024

Generalization of computational protocol for calculations of terahertz spectra of closed-shell to open-shell solutes in solution reveals how local far-IR response is modulated by interactions between a free radical and solvent molecules.
Role of EDTA protonation in chelation-based removal of mercury ions from water
Authors: Butovych Halyna , Keshavarz Fatemeh , Barbiellini Bernardo , Lähderanta Erkki , Ilnytskyi Jaroslav , Patsahan Taras
Published: September 2024

We deploy molecular dynamics simulation and density functional theory to reveal the important role of EDTA protonation in understanding the mechanisms and boosting chelation of mercury ions in aqueous environment.
Applications of metal nanoclusters supported on the two-dimensional material graphene in electrocatalytic carbon dioxide reduction
Authors: Chen Shanlin , Zhu Haiyan , Li Tingting , Liu Ping , Wu Chou , Jia Shaobo , Li Yawei , Suo Bingbing
Published: September 2024

Experimental and theoretical research progress of different metal nanoclusters supported on graphene for electrocatalytic carbon dioxide reduction and the interaction between metal nanoclusters and graphene have been systematically discussed.
A comprehensive investigation of the Sr3AsX3 (X = F/Cl/Br) inorganic cubic perovskites’ strain-induced structural, electronic, optical, and mechanical properties with solar cell applications
Authors: Ghosh Avijit , Buian Mohammad Fokhrul Islam , Dey Nondon Lal , Ria Most. Sadia Islam , Baki Abdullah AL , Miazee Asif Ahammad , Awwad Nasser S. , Robin Rabiul Islam Chowdhury , A. Ibrahium Hala
Published: September 2024

Sr3AsX3 (X = F, Cl, Br) perovskites showed many advantages over lead halide perovskites, including effective optical absorption, enhanced stability, variable bandgap, excellent carrier mobility, non-toxicity, and low production costs.
Oxygen vacancy-dependent low-temperature performance of Ni/CeO2 in CO2 methanation
Authors: Liao Luliang , Wang Kunlei , Liao Guangfu , Nawaz Muhammad Asif , Liu Kun
Published: September 2024

The transformative power of CO2 methanation can efficiently transform greenhouse gases into high-value products, aligning with the carbon neutrality goals.
Controlling mixed-valence states of pyridyldiimino-bis(o-phenolato) ligand radical in uranyl(vi) complexes
Authors: Takeyama Tomoyuki , Tsushima Satoru , Takao Koichiro
Published: September 2024

Ligand π-radical-based mixed-valence systems coordinating UVIO22+ is successfully constructed. The unpaired electron distribution can be controlled by adjusting the push–pull effect via choosing the electron-donating and -withdrawing substituents.
(Imidazol-2-ylidene) → S coordination interactions and its modulation upon S-oxidation
Authors: Mukhopadhyay Joy , Sahoo Subash C. , Bharatam Prasad V.
Published: September 2024

NHCs donate electron density to a sulfur centre in the NHC → S–R+ species. This dative bond becomes weaker upon S-oxidation, as observed from experimental and quantum chemical analyses.
Immersion ice nucleation of atmospherically relevant lipid particles
Authors: Mehndiratta Lincoln , Lyp Audrey E. , Slade Jonathan H. , Grassian Vicki H.
Published: September 2024

Immersion freezing temperatures of substrate-deposited lipid particles depend on solubility and viscosity.
Ultra-uniform perovskite crystals formed in the presence of tetrabutylammonium bistriflimide afford efficient and stable perovskite solar cells
Authors: Lim Jaekeun , Rafieh Alwani Imanah , Shibayama Naoyuki , Xia Jianxing , Audinot Jean-Nicolas , Wirtz Tom , Kinge Sachin , Glunz Stefan W. , Ding Yong , Ding Bin , Kim Hobeom , Saliba Michael , Fei Zhaofu , Dyson Paul J. , Nazeeruddin Mohammad Khaja , Kanda Hiroyuki
Published: September 2024

We induced ultra-uniform perovskite crystals employing tetrabutylammonium bistriflimide additives in perovskite precursor solution, effectively increasing device efficiency and durability.
Degradation of carbamazepine and sulfamethoxazole in water by dielectric barrier discharge plasma coupled with a far UV-C (222 nm) system
Authors: Ahlawat Kiran , Jangra Ramavtar , Prakash Ram
Published: September 2024

Degradation of sulfamethoxazole (SMX) and carbamazepine (CBZ) using plasma and UV 222 coupling and its probable degradation mechanism.
F-SiO2-embedded PLA-based superhydrophobic nanofiber membrane for highly efficient membrane distillation
Authors: He Yuqian , Ye Yanyan , Zhou Mi , Yan Linlin , Zhang Yingjie , Drioli Enrico , Ma Jun , Li Yonggang , Cheng Xiquan
Published: September 2024

Construction of multistructured nanofibrous membranes with superhydrophobic surfaces via coaxial electrostatic spinning technology.
A bibliometric analysis from 1997 to 2023 examining the research trends in eliminating taste and odor compounds from drinking water
Authors: Xu Xiaoran , Wan Jinquan , Wang Guanghua , Sun Qiangqiang , Ren Pengfei , Li Qiu , Du Zhili , Sun Jingyi , Chen Yan
Published: September 2024

The increasing demand for high-quality drinking water has made the elimination of taste and odor (T&O) substances from drinking water a matter of growing importance.
Analysis of uncertainty of neural fingerprint-based models
Authors: Feldmann Christian W. , Sieg Jochen , Mathea Miriam
Published: September 2024

Assessment of uncertainty estimates of neural fingerprint-based models by comparing deep learning-based models with combinations of neural fingerprints and classical machine learning algorithms that employ established uncertainty calibration methods.
Sodium nanoferrite-based solid phase extraction: a green method for the simultaneous determination of cadmium, copper, and lead
Authors: Perveen Saima , Hol Aysen , Baig Jameel Ahmed , Sherazi Syed Tufail Hussain , Akhtar Khalil , Hussain Sajjad , Abbasi Fahad
Published: September 2024

A solid phase extraction (SPE) methodology utilizing sodium ferrite nanoparticles (Na2Fe4O7-NPs; SF-NPs) is presented for the simultaneous determination of heavy metals (HMs) via flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS).
Vanadium niobium carbide (VNbCTx) bimetallic MXene derived V5S8–Nb2O5@MXene heterostructures for efficiently boosting the adsorption and catalytic performance of lithium polysulfide
Authors: Chen Yuqing , Huang Yongjie , Xu Qing , Yang Liying , Jiang Ningyi , Yin Shougen
Published: September 2024

V5S8–Nb2O5@MX heterostructure derived from VNbCTx MXene using a sequential oxidation–sulfidation strategy to boost the adsorption and catalytic performance of LiPSs, exhibiting a capacity of 1508 mA h g−1 at 0.1 C and superior cycling stability.
Reticular chemistry-aided effective design of new second-order nonlinear optical selenites
Authors: Li Qian , Zheng Yi , Wu Hongping , Hu Zhanggui , Wang Jiyang , Wu Yicheng , Yu Hongwei
Published: September 2024

Drawing on the ideas of reticular chemistry, seven novel NCS selenites, AM3[SeO3]2[Se2O5]3 (A = K+/Rb+/Cs+; M = Al3+/Ga3+/In3+), were successfully designed and synthesized using a honeycomb-layered topology as the blueprint for the target network.
Tailoring a hierarchical porous carbon electrode from carbon black via 3D diatomite morphology control for enhanced electrochemical performance
Authors: Appiah Eugene Sefa , Mensah-Darkwa Kwadwo , Andrews Anthony , Agyemang Frank Ofori , Nartey Martinson Addo , Makgopa Katlego , Hou Yongdan , Aggrey Patrick , Quansah David Ato
Published: September 2024

Carbon black, a nano-porous material usually derived from the pyrolysis of waste tyres possesses varied particle sizes and morphology making it a viable material for several engineering applications.
Copper-catalyzed photoredox reaction of aldehydes with O-benzoyl hydroxylamines for the formation of amides
Authors: Nguyen Anh Thu , Luu Truong Giang , Kim Hee-Kwon
Published: September 2024

Facile synthesis of amides has been achieved via visible-light-driven reaction of aldehydes and O-benzoyl hydroxylamines in the presence of CuBr2 and THP.
Synthesis of sulfated lactosyl glycosides for evaluation in vaccine adjuvant formulations
Authors: Sharma Tarasha , Régnier Sophie , Deschatelets Lise , Stark Felicity C. , Vasquez Vinicio , Martinez-Farina Camilo F. , Dudani Renu , Harrison Blair A. , Akache Bassel , Jia Yimei , McCluskie Michael J. , Hemraz Usha D.
Published: September 2024

Adjuvants are essential components of vaccines as they enable protection against multiple pathogens by enhancing the duration, magnitude and or quality of immune responses.
Nanocluster reaction-driven in situ transformation of colloidal nanoparticles to mesostructures
Authors: Bose Paulami , Srikrishnarka Pillalamarri , Paatelainen Matias , Nonappa  , Kini Amoghavarsha Ramachandra , Som Anirban , Pradeep Thalappil
Published: September 2024

A one-pot method for creating self-assembled Au–Ag bimetallic mesostructures using a reaction between atomically precise gold nanoclusters and plasmonic silver nanoparticles.
Expanding the poly(2-oxazoline) block copolymer possibilities through nitroxide mediated polymerisation
Authors: Lefley James , Becer C. Remzi
Published: September 2024

In recent years, poly(2-oxazoline)s (POx) have become a sought-after biomaterial to replace PEG. Endcapping POx with BlocBuilder MA enables copolymerization with a variety of vinylic monomers, producing unique POx-vinyl block copolymer combinations.
Influence of intrinsic spin ordering in La0.6Sr0.4Co0.8Fe0.2O3−δ and Ba0.6Sr0.4Co0.8Fe0.2O3−δ towards electrocatalysis of oxygen redox reaction in solid oxide cell
Authors: Dey Shoroshi , Saravanan Rajasekar , Hati Suprita , Goswami Soumyabrata , Suresh Athira , Jaiswal-Nagar Deepshikha , Ghosh Moupiya , Paul Satadal , Bhattacharya Abir , Mukhopadhyay Madhumita , Mukhopadhyay Jayanta
Published: September 2024

Spin ordering in (La/Ba)0.6Sr0.4Co0.8Fe0.2O3−δ with substitution at A-site enables them to be excellent electrocatalyst for OER and ORR in reversible SOC wherein catalysis & spin ordering originate from spin exchange interaction.
Insight into the synthesis, structure affirmation and catalytic efficiency of divalent and trivalent metal chelates of mandelic acid hydrazone derivative
Authors: El-Ghamry Hoda A. , Gaber Mohamed , Alkhatib Fatmah M. , Al Shareef Hossa F. , Takroni Khadiga M. , Fathalla Shaimaa K.
Published: September 2024

Cr(iii), Mn(ii), Co(ii), Ni(ii) and Cu(ii) chelates of the hydrazone ligand have been synthesized and their structure have been confirmed. Phenoxazinone synthase like efficacy afforded high activity for Mn(ii) complex with TOF number of 169.89 h−1.