bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
THE ESSENCE OF COMMON METHODS OF TEACHING FOREIGN LANGUAGES
Authors: PAVLENKO O.
Published: December 2021

Today, knowledge of foreign languages is required to avoid barriers to communication between people around the world. Thus, learning foreign languages is relevant at almost any age.The purpose of this article is to consider the generally accepted methods and determine the effectiveness of each of them during training. To achieve fluency in a foreign language, it is necessary to divide foreign language communicative competence into a number of components and develop them both individually and in combination. Each of the models is a separate and independent method that can be used to improve certain components of foreign language communicative competence. The main components include: the development of speech, writing, reading, and the study of vocabulary. There is no single approach in the scientific literature to determine the structure of foreign language communicative competence, as the general form of this competence can be presented in a set of components such as linguistic, sociolinguistic and pragmatic competence. Therefore, it is not possible to dwell on a specific method as ideal for the formation of competence, as each of them has its disadvantages and advantages. The formation of foreign language communicative competence requires a long and careful study of the material offered by a teacher who uses a certain method.
NEW VISION OF CONCEPT EUROPE (A LINGUISTIC PERSPECTIVE)
Authors: KRAVCHENKO V. , SOSOI H. , DEINEKA S.
Published: December 2021

This article presents a study of the concept EUROPE, done in the area of cognitive linguistics. The concept EUROPE is considered a conceptual quantum of structured knowledge, possessing of diﬀerent meanings. The article analyzes the concept EUROPE from a linguistic point of view, which allowed to reveal a number of speciﬁc features of its semantics, to get a more comprehensive and diverse view of it by constructing cognitive schemes implementing concept EUROPE, as well as to identify basic metaphorical models. Involvement of methods of conceptual analysis allows to present the analised concept in the form of a certain conceptual model, a special way organized conceptual scheme. With the help of the conceptual model of the Subject frame the cognitive dynamics of the concept development in the European integration discourse is revealed.

Political metaphor is one of the most common and eﬀective policy tools. The research material is characterized by the use of metaphors belonging to such basic types, which are related to the reference spheres as the sociomorphic sphere, the anthropomorphic sphere, the sphere of artifacts and the sphere of nature. Conceptual metaphors of European integration discourse use in their codes the conceptual ﬁelds “space”, “travel”, “movement”, “construction”, “work results”, “family relations”, “nature”, “sports”, “art”, etc.
Hz. Peygamber’in Aile Hayatına Yönelik Âyetlerin Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: YILMAZ Muhammet
Published: December 2021

Bu makalede, ahlakıyla Kur’an’ın canlı halini temsil eden Hz. Peygamber’in aile hayatında insanların aile mutluluğuna ışık tutacak hususlar medenî sûreler bağlamında aktarılmaya çalışılacaktır. Başlangıçta, İslam’dan önceki dönemde gerek dini yapıda gerek sosyal kurumlarda ve gerekse cahiliye toplumunda aile yapısının nasıl teşekkül ettiğine ve ailede en önemli görevi üstlenmiş olan kadına nasıl bakıldığına kısaca değinilecektir. Sonrasında, İslam’ın aile ve kadına yaklaşımı Kur’an ve sünnet perspektifinden önceki sistemlere kıyasla değerlendirilecek. En sonunda ise aile hukukunun ana hatlarıyla işlendiği Ahzab ve Tahrim sûreleri başta olmak üzere, diğer medenî sûrelerde Hz. Peygamber’in aile hayatına ışık tutan hususlar ele alınarak ailenin tanzimine yönelik olarak ortaya çıkan hususlar maddeler halinde aktarılacaktır.
Çevik Tedarik Zinciri Yönetimindeki Operasyonların Entropi Tabanlı TOPSIS Yöntemi ile Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: ÖZGÜNER Zeynep , CANTAŞDEMİR Esra Vildan
Published: December 2021

Tedarik zincirinde çeviklik için tedarik zinciri içerisinde yer alan operasyonların etkin bir şekilde yeniden yapılandırılması önem taşımaktadır. Çevik bir üretim işletmesi için bilgi akışı ve performans ölçümlerini içeren bir yönetim sistemi geliştirmek için uygun çerçeveler oluşturulması, alınması gereken önemli kararlardan biridir. Çalışmada esas konu olan çevik tedarik zincirinin alan yazınındaki önemi araştırılmış, incelenen çalışmalar ve uzman görüşleri ile çevik tedarik zinciri kapsamında faktörler belirlenmiştir. Bu doğrultuda amaç, işletmelerin çevik tedarik zinciri operasyonlarından hareketle, bu operasyonların önceliklerini belirlemek ve konu ile ilgili belirleyicilere destek verecek ÇKKV (Çok Kriterli Karar Verme) sistemlerini değerlendirerek seçenekler içerisinde doğru hükmün uygulanmasına yardımcı olmaktır. Çalışma tekstil sektöründe faaliyet gösteren bir firmada uygulanmış, çevik tedarik zinciri yönetimindeki operasyonlar ÇKKV yöntemlerinden Entegre Entropi-TOPSIS (İdeal Çözüme Dayalı Sıralama Tekniği) ile değerlendirilmiştir. Bu doğrultuda akademik ve sektörel fayda sağlanması hedeflenmiştir. Çalışmanın bulgularına göre, çevik tedarik zinciri operasyonlarından firmanın üretim sürelerini düşürmedeki hızı en önemli ölçüt olarak tespit edilirken, sırasıyla ikinci önemli ölçüt firmanın piyasaya yeni ürün sürme sıklığını artırmadaki hızı ve üçüncü ölçüt ise firmanın ürün geliştirme çevrim süresini düşürmedeki hızı olarak tespit edilmiştir.
Film and the Uncanny, Shakespeare Making Possible Things Not so Held, Communicating with Dreams
Authors: Orkin Martin
Published: December 2021

This essay supports the view that present day cinema as an art form in its own right – rather than film always as adaptation of a literary text – provides an additional pedagogic and comparative opportunity for the analysis of aspects of Shakespeare’s early modern texts. The essay takes as point of departure aspects of the uncanny as evoked in the cinematic experience. It then focuses upon aspects of experience and growth, as well as upon problems attached to language and narrativity as these are explored both in film-texts by Pedro Almodóvar and by Eytan Fox, and also in plays by William Shakespeare.
Defrauding Daughters Turning Deviant Wives? Reading Female Agency in The Merchant of Venice
Authors: Cinpoeş Nicoleta
Published: December 2021

Brabantio’s words “Look to her, Moor, if thou hast eyes to see:| She has deceived her father, and may thee” (Othello, 1.3.292–293) warn Othello about the changing nature of female loyalty and women’s potential for deviancy. Closely examining daughters caught in the conflict between anxious fathers and husbands-to-be, this article departs from such paranoid male fantasy and instead sets out to explore female deviancy in its legal and dramatic implications with reference to Shakespeare’s The Merchant of Venice. I will argue that Portia’s and Jessica’s struggle to evade male subsidiarity results in their conscious positioning themselves on the verge of illegality. Besides occasioning productive exploration of marriage, law and justice within what Morss (2007:183) terms “the dynamics of human desire and of social institutions,” I argue that female agency, seen as temporary deviancy and/or self-exclusion, reconfigures the male domain by affording the inclusion of previous outsiders (Antonio, Bassanio and Lorenzo).
Pro-match literature and royal supremacy: The case of Michael Du Val’s The Spanish English Rose (1622)
Authors: Álvarez Recio Leticia
Published: December 2021

In the years 1622-1623, at the climax of the negotiations for the Spanish-Match, King James enforced censorship on any works critical of his diplomatic policy and promoted the publication of texts that sided with his views on international relations, even though such writings may have sometimes gone beyond the propagandistic aims expected by the monarch. This is the case of Michael Du Val’s The Spanish-English Rose (1622), a political tract elaborated within court circles to promote the Anglo-Spanish alliance. This article analyzes its role in producing an alternative to the religious and imperial discourse inherited from the Elizabethan age. It also considers the intertextual relations between Du Val’s tract and other contemporary works in order to determine its part within the discursive network of the Anglican faith and political absolutism. The reasons why it may have exerted a negative influence on both the English and Spanish royal households are explored as well.
"Those rebellious Hollanders": The Changeling’s Double Dutch
Authors: Hutchings Mark
Published: December 2021

The Changeling (1622) fits neatly into a familiar anti-Spanish narrative, one so well established in criticism as to obscure the wider international picture. Early in the play a reference to England’s erstwhile ally against Spain is mentioned in passing, and no more is made of the Dutch naval victory over the Spanish in 1607. But this may have resonated in ways that complicated the play’s anti-Spanish sentiment. The enduring resonance of the contemporaneous Amboyna Massacre of 1623 suggests a more complicated reception of The Changeling than critics have allowed for. Even in 1622, when the play was most likely first performed, tensions with the Dutch were on the rise, and the apparent nostalgia for the Protestant alliance which the Treaty of London of 1604 had brought to an end was complicated by the emergence of an empire that would outstrip Spain’s and gradually replace it as England’s chief rival.
Intended for the stage: Performance criticism in Richard Brome’s The Antipodes
Authors: Ramalhete Gomes Miguel
Published: December 2021

This note focuses on the troubled relation between Richard Brome’s The Antipodes (1638) and its theatrical realisations, as mentioned in the author’s address to the reader in the Quarto of 1640 as well as has been the case in more recent revivals of the play. Criticism of early modern drama has tended to consider such plays as determined by their being written for performance, an emphasis which has sometimes entailed a dismissal of more textual approaches. However, in The Antipodes there seems to have existed (and continues to exist) some disconnectedness between the text of the play and its life in the theatre. I therefore propose looking at specific aspects of The Antipodes in relation to the challenges it poses in performance and to performance criticism, by continuously shifting between the Caroline theatrical context and the contemporary critical and theatrical context.
Kudüs Hükümet Konağı: Osmanlı Modernleşmesinin Mimari Temsili (1854-1917)
Authors: AVCI Yasemin
Published: December 2021

19. yüzyılın son çeyreğinde küçük, büyük hemen tüm Osmanlı kentlerinde inşa edilen hükümet konakları, modern bürokratik devletin oluşumu sürecinde taşradaki idari yapının yeniden örgütlenmesiyle doğrudan bağlantılıdır. Tanzimat’ın hükümet konakları, önceki dönemin “paşa kapısı”, “vali sarayı” ya da “vali konağı” gibi adlarla anılan yapılarından tümüyle farklıdır. Bu binalar, taşra yönetiminin kişisellikten çıkmaya başladığını, himaye ve intisap sisteminin profesyonel bürokrasiye dönüştüğünü gösteren somut kanıtlar olarak değerlendirilebilir. Bunun yanında hükümet konaklarının, İmparatorluk tebaasına, padişahın siyasi ve idari iktidarını, devletin yüceliğini hatırlatan sembolik güç merkezleri olarak görüldüğünü de belirtmek gerekir. Nitekim bazıları mütevazı ölçülerde de olsa bu binalar, temsili karakterinden dolayı hem merkezi iktidar hem de yerel hükümet tarafından daima önemsenmiştir. Bu çalışmada Osmanlı taşra kentlerinde ilk örneklerinden biri olarak kabul edilebilecek olan Kudüs Hükümet Konağı, kent içindeki lokasyonu, kentin ikamet ve ticaret alanlarıyla olan ilişkisi ve işlevsel özellikleri bağlamında değerlendirilmekte, binanın 1850’lili yıllardan 1917 yılına kadar geçirdiği yapısal değişimler incelenmektedir. 1900’lü yıllardan itibaren kent siyasetinin önemli bir gündem maddesi haline gelen yeni bir hükümet konağının inşası ise, kent eşrafının yerel ve merkezi hükümetle ilişkilerini, kentteki etkinliklerini açıklayan bir mesele olarak ele alınmış, bu bağlamda merkez-taşra arasındaki bürokrasinin işleyişi, taşra yönetimi üzerindeki merkeziyetçi tahakküm, Kudüs mutasarrıflarının merkeze olan bağımlılıkları gibi hususlar değerlendirilmiştir.
19. Yüzyıl Başlarında Kudüs, Abdullah Çakmak.
Authors: NALEZEN Orçun
Published: December 2021

Abdullah Çakmak tarafından kaleme alınmış ve Eylül 2020 tarihinde yayımlanmış olan "19. Yüzyıl Başlarında Kudüs" isimli eserin tanıtımı ve değerlendirmesi yapılmaktadır. Giriş ve Sonuç kısımlarına ek olarak 3 bölümden oluşan eser, 18. yüzyıl sonu ile 19. yüzyıl başında Kudüs'e ve Kudüslülere odaklanmaktadır. Yazar, Kudüs toplumunu ilgilendiren gelişmeleri, imparatorluk genelini etkileyen olaylar bağlamında ele almış, böylece bir yandan Kudüs’e has toplumsal durumu incelediği gibi bir yandan da bölgeye tesir eden olaylara ilişkin değerlendirmelerde bulunmuştur. Bu kapsamda Şam’dan Hicaz’a, Mısır’dan Trablusşam’a uzanan düzlemdeki idari yapılanma ve idarecilerin Kudüs üzerindeki etkileri de ele almıştır. Osmanlı idari elitlerinin tasarrufları ile Kudüslülerin takındığı tutum arasında bağlar kurarak Kudüs toplumunun temel meselelerine yer vermiştir. Çok sayıda ve türde arşiv belgesi ile zengin bir kaynakçadan yararlanılan eserde Kudüs toplumuna ilişkin tahliller kantitatif verilere dayandırılmıştır. Kudüs, kutsallığı sebebiyle daima akademik ve entelektüel ilgili kendisine çekmiş istisnai bir şehirdir. Öte yandan tarihsel dönüm noktası olarak kabul edilebilecek olan önemli gelişmelerin yaşandığı 19. yüzyıl başları, günümüzde etkileri hâlâ hissedilmekte olan toplumsal ve politik kurgunun ortaya çıkmaya başladığı bir dönme tesadüf eder. Dolayısıyla kitapta ele alınan dönem ve konular hem akademik tarihçiliğin hem de entelektüel camianın ilgisini çekebilecek niteliktedir. Abdullah Çakmak’ın eseri kullanılan kaynaklar ve ortaya konulan yaklaşım itibariyle incelikli bir metodolojiyi yansıtmakta, tam da bu bağlamda Kudüs üzerine süre giden tartışmalara anlamlı katkılar sağlayabilecek nitelikte görünmektedir.
Editorial
Authors: Koehler Frederico Augusto Leopoldino
Published: December 2021

Seguindo a periodicidade semestral existente desde a sua criação, a Revista ANNEP de Direito Processual anuncia com alegria a chegada do seu quarto número.Completando agora dois anos de existência, a publicação vai se tornando referência para todos os que estudam o Direito Processual em nosso país.Os textos são enviados diretamente pelo site da revista (https://revistaannep.com.br/index.php/radp), onde constam as diretrizes formais e condições de submissão para os autores, sendo todo o material avaliado pelo sistema de dupla revisão às cegas.Nesta edição foram selecionados textos que versam sobre os mais variados temas, tais como: mediação, negócios jurídicos processuais, impactos da pandemia da COVID-19, prova pericial, processo coletivo e precedentes judiciais.Mantém-se o espírito que permeia todas as atividades científicas da Associação Norte-Nordeste de Professores de Processo – ANNEP, isto é, a noção de que o conhecimento não pode ser limitado por fronteiras, razão pela qual a revista estimula uma política de exogenia, com artigos oriundos de todas as regiões do país e de autores estrangeiros, sejam ou não associados.Vitor Henrique Melo de Albuquerque e Felipe Costa Laurindo do Nascimento escrevem sobre os negócios jurídicos processuais sobre a multa coercitiva. Nilsiton Rodrigues de Andrade Aragão também se debruça sobre a temática dos negócios jurídicos processuais, focando nos que dizem respeito à execução civil. Fabiana Marcello Gonçalves Mariotini e Maria Eduarda de Paiva Miguez abordam a Lei nº 14.112/2020 e a mediação nas recuperações judiciais, em especial a concretização do acesso à justiça e da efetiva igualdade material entre credores. Gleiner Pedroso Ferreira Ambrosio estuda a instabilidade do processo civil em tempos de pandemia e seus efeitos em contratos e relações de consumo. Murilo Teixeira Avelino analisa a prova pericial e como ela influi no convencimento do julgador. Vitória de Sousa Pontes examina o processo coletivo, mais especificamente os critérios de verificação da representatividade adequada e a prática do modelo representativo brasileiro. Por fim, Marcelo Luz Chaves disserta sobre os conceitos e características dos precedentes judiciais.Agradecemos imensamente a toda a equipe envolvida na publicação, especialmente aos avaliadores de alto nível que dedicaram o seu tempo e o seu conhecimento técnico e jurídico para analisar os textos que foram submetidos nesse número.Esperamos que o público aprecie os artigos e que sejam úteis nas pesquisas acadêmicas e no labor forense dos leitores.Fica o convite para que todos participem dos próximos números!Salvador, Bahia, dezembro de 2021.
Os Critérios de Verificação da Representatividade Adequada e a Prática do Modelo Representativo Brasileiro
Authors: Pontes Vitória de Sousa
Published: December 2021

O Brasil adota um modelo representativo de processo coletivo no qual um legitimado extraordinário, por expressa autorização legal, conduz um processo em nome próprio, na defesa de direitos que pertencem a um agrupamento humano. Nesse contexto, o devido processo legal coletivo tornou-se um referencial teórico para que considerável parte da doutrina passasse a admitir a possibilidade de controle, no caso concreto, da adequação da representatividade deste legitimado extraordinário. O presente trabalho procura abordar os critérios definidos e utilizados para o referido controle, em especial a pertinência temática, a partir da análise do seu conteúdo e do seu alcance em um modelo representativo que, embora misto, é majoritariamente público na prática. O problema que se apresenta é, portanto, verificar se os critérios são suficientes para a realidade do processo coletivo brasileiro.
Negócios Jurídicos Processuais na Execução Civil
Authors: Aragão Nilsiton Rodrigues de Andrade
Published: December 2021

O objetivo principal deste trabalho é analisar a amplitude da admissibilidade de negócios processuais atípicos no cumprimento de sentença e no processo de execução. O estudo possui abordagem qualitativa, apoiada na revisão de literatura e na análise de dispositivos legais. Conclui-se que sim, houve uma efetiva ampliação do escopo dos acordos processuais nos processos de execução civil e que as hipóteses de ilegalidade do objeto são excepcionais e devem ser analisadas no caso concreto.
The anthropology of the heart as a way to ecumenical dialogue
Authors: Kraśniewska Jolanta
Published: December 2021

Abstract: The article describes, taking as its main starting point the encyclical Fides et ratio, the importance of the way of thinking appropriate to the culture of the Christian East in the relationship between reason and faith. The encyclical of John Paul II has many different aspects, including the not often emphasised ecumenical and dialogical aspects. The Pope, who held Eastern (Orthodox) Christianity in high esteem and appreciated the Slavic cultural code, also positively points to this method of discovering the truth. In this context, the anthropology of the heart is particularly important (metaphysics of the heart, mysticism of the heart or spirituality of the heart), which enriches and complements the Western way of thinking and of discovering anthropological and theological truth. The anthropology of the heart also appears in the West and for this reason it has an ecumenical significance which is important for the dialogue between Catholicism and Orthodoxy.
Polish adaptation The State Self-Forgiveeness Scale
Authors: Mróz Justyna , Sornat Wojciech
Published: December 2021

The aim of the presented study was to Polish version of The State Self-Forgiveness Scale (Wohl i in., 2008) – Skala Epizodycznego Przebaczenia Sobie. The scale is used to assess self-forgiveness after wrongdoing towards self and other persons. The scale consists of 17 items and two subscales describing feelings and actions as well as beliefs towards oneself, which are to lead to self-forgiveness. Four hundred forty four (Mage =27.8, SD=9.9) participated in the study. Both exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory analysis were performed to determine the psychometric properties (RMSEA 0,048, GFI 0,924, PCLOSE 0,556). In order to determine the internal consistency was calculated by Cronbach’s alpha (0,80-0,86). The internal validity was assessed by Heartland Forgiveness Scale. The obtained results showed that the Polish version of The State Self-forgiveness Scale as tool with good psychometric properties and to recommend it for the assessment of self-forgiveness both in research.
A functional communication training for developing verbal behavior and treatment of challenging behavior in individuals with autism spectrum disorders
Authors: Lew-Koralewicz Aneta
Published: December 2021

Communication problems are one of the symptoms of autism spectrum disorders.  Challenging behaviors may be a form of communication with the environment, and when other forms of communication are not available, they may be the only way to meet their needs. The purpose of this article is to demonstrate the potential use of functional communication training in reducing problem behaviors of individuals with ASD, as well as developing acceptable ways of communication. In a research process based on behavior analysis, the method of single-subject experiment with multiple-baseline  design was used.  The results of the study show that the research participants developed communication skills on the basic level, and the frequency of their challenging behaviors has significantly decreased.
The Role of the Altar and Tabernacle in the Catholic Church Interior in the Light of Post-conciliar Recommendations and Architectural Arrangement of the Church Interior
Authors: Bogdan Mirosław
Published: December 2021

The article defines the role of the altar and tabernacle in the contemporary architectural sacred interior treated as domus ecclesiae, designed to fulfill liturgical functions in accordance with the post-conciliar renewal of Vatican II. The article takes into account the problem of celebrating Holy Mass. by the celebrant with his back to the tabernacle located centrally behind the post-conciliar altar. With reference to the irreversibility of the liturgical renewal, apart from the ordinary form of the Roman rite, the existence of the extraordinary (Tridentine) form of this rite, also accepted by Vatican II, is taken into account.  By presenting the presence of the post-conciliar altar brought closer to the zone of the faithful, the meaning of the Code of Canon Law is defined. The article, defining the irreversibility of the liturgical renewal, presents the location of the tabernacle separated from the altar, built architecturally in the nave or chapel of the church. At the same time, the aesthetic beauty of the liturgical interior furnishings is determined, when all this exists in accordance with the post-conciliar ordinances and serves to build a community of faith.
Problems of Criticism of the Communist Poland’s Security Service (SB) Files as Historical Sources
Authors: Szewc Bolesław
Published: December 2021

Despite the passage of 20 years since the opening of the archives of the former SB, historians have not developed the principles of criticism of SB files as historical sources, which is conducive to the so-called playing with folders, and consequently the destruction of historical narrative and social life. Among researchers and publicists, an affirmative attitude towards the SB files has been created, causing their criticism to be ignored.

Researchers ignore the requirement to separate the theoretical-ideological and rhetorical layers of SB operational files. They also neglect to study the credibility of their authors.

Rafał Łatka gave a justification for the affirmative attitude to the SB files. It has been shown that this justification is logically erroneous, and the affirmative attitude to the SB files is contrary to the rational concept of the historical source and to the examples of the lack of credibility of these files.

Several ways of creating questionnaires to examine the credibility of SB files were proposed. The first question that was proposed: Was the work of officers and their superiors in the field of interest to the researcher focused on efficiency or on the statistics of results? Further proposals suggest questions about the internal control of the case under investigation.

It was justified that it is not enough to state the fact of registration of a given person by SB as a collaborator, because it is necessary to demonstrate specific cooperation.

It was justified that the reliability of a note decreases exponentially as a function of the number of intermediaries between it and the facts.

The need to ask about the intentions of the officers doing reports, which could be related to their professional careers, the expectations of superiors, the need to demonstrate results, etc., was indicated. The need to investigate deviations of the examined case from the ideal instructional pattern was also indicated.

Studies of the reliability of files have their ethical aspect. Studies that may threaten good name of the persons concerned should meet the highest methodological standards and be guided by the principle of in dubio pro reo.
Parental internet activity and communication through the new media - literature review
Authors: Szymańska Paulina
Published: December 2021

Global economic and social transformations, as well as technological progress, require people to modify used methods of communication. Traditional forms of information exchange have given way to the so-called new media enabling trouble-free communication using the Internet. These changes also affected family life. Digitization, appearing at each stage of the functioning of the family system, is to some extent based on remote communication processes, allowing its individual members to carry out their development tasks. According to the theory of social learning, parents constitute the basic pattern of behavior that children derive from and reproduce. Therefore, parental functioning in the virtual world is important for the later adaptive use of the Web by representatives of the younger generation. In addition, online communication acts as a source of information and a normalizer of social relations, fosters building interpersonal competencies and identity, and modifies the way of fulfilling the parental role. Based on the above-mentioned aspects, this article characterizes the process of digitization of motherhood and fatherhood, showing the basic ways and consequences of using the Internet by parents, and systematizing the knowledge about communication functions in the context of mothers and fathers online activity.
Jean-Paul Sartre and Louis Lavelle – Two Existential Conceptions of Humanism and their Ethical Consequences
Authors: Zuziak Władysław
Published: December 2021

On the basis of the thesis “existence precedes the essence”, L. Lavelle and J.-P. Sartre developed two different versions of existentialism which were the foundation for creating different models of humanism based on the phenomenological approach. I attempt to show that Sartre's atheistic existentialism, which relies on the abstract conception of freedom and an erroneous project of man, is a theory which is less plausible than the existentialism of Lavelle, based on the assumption of man's participation in being. I also discuss the ethical  consequences for individual and social development that result from the assumptions of both conceptions.
Typology of people in middle and late adulthood based on the profile of coping with everyday life events
Authors: Falewicz Adam , Steuden Stanisława
Published: December 2021

Introduction. The purpose of this study was to construct a typology of the proactive coping profiles of individuals in middle and late adulthood. The conceptual layer refers to the theory of proactive coping as defined by Ralf Schwarzer and Steffen Taubert. It means such an approach to everyday life in which problems are treated as a challenge rather than as a great unknown that limits to only reactive responses to emerging difficulties. An attempt was also made to compare the obtained subtypes in terms of wisdom and resilience. According to Ardelt's research, wisdom, understood as a composite of cognitive, reflective, and emotional components, may be a resource characterizing adults who use mature coping strategies, particularly proactive coping. Building resilience in people helps to prevent stress, hence it can be considered as a resource important in proactive coping. Method. A group of 166 people in middle (N=80) and late adulthood (N=86) was surveyed. The Proactive Coping Inventory (Polish Adaptation) by Sęk, Pasikowski, Taubert, Greenglass and Schwarzer, Three-Dimensional Wisdom Scale (3D-WS) by Ardelt, adapted by Steuden, Brudek and Izdebski and Resilience Measurement Scale (SPP-25) by Oginska-Bulik and Juczynski were used in the study. Results. Four coping types were obtained: runaway, proactive, autonomous and support-seekers. Individuals belonging to particular profiles of coping differed significantly in the level of wisdom and resilience. Conclusions.The study showed that in a group of people in middle and late adulthood it is possible to distinguish consistent profiles of using coping strategies, which differ in the degree of proactivity. Additionally, wisdom and resilience were shown to characterize individuals with a more proactive, goal-oriented structure of coping strategies.
CONTEMPORARY DEFINITION FOR CREATIVITY
Authors: Valcheva Elka
Published: December 2021

The report examines the central role of creativity in the future post-information society. There is a call for a pragmatic approach to the study of creativity, which as a consequence bears recognition of the dynamic nature of this phenomenon. At the heart of the proposed theoretical framework is the very definition of creativity, which is transformed from static to dynamic. Starting from the static central definition and considering the auxiliary definitions for the area of focus and purpose of creativity, creative personality, creativity of the individual, creativity of the environment, creative process, product of creative process, potential for creativity, product presentation and evaluation, the nature of creativity should be clarified. The new definitions have been shown to be fully compatible with the existing set of research in the field of creativity, as well as increase the effectiveness in proposing new approaches to research in support of the consideration of new theoretical hypotheses and developments. Creativity is considered to be a foundation that does not yet have a clear and precise definition because of its uniqueness. This complete lack of consensus on what research considers important in this area is a major problem. There is no consensus on exactly what creativity is. Without a proper definition, creativity researchers cannot do any research, first they must determine creativity itself. There is a lot of ambiguity in the definition. The definition keeps coming back to itself, which makes it pretty difficult to determine what creativity really means. Various constructs and aspects of the definition of creativity of many contemporary scholars are proposed and discussed. Clarifying the definition of creativity is important for understanding its very essence, as a complex phenomenon and a leading skill in the 21st century. The nature of creativity as a characteristic of a person to generate new ideas, alternatives, solutions and opportunities in a unique and different way is clarified. Creativity is the ability to grasp something unpredictable, original and unique. The creative idea must be expressive, exciting and imaginative. It is a mirror of how beautiful one can think in any circumstance. Creativity is not genetic, it can be developed if one continues to learn and understand things with rare and exceptional perception. It is an activity to uncover something that was previously hidden. As the word implies, creativity is about creation. It is about mastering the power of the mind to think of new ideas, product plans, thought experiments, tastes, sensations or art. Creativity can be a form of expression or a way of solving problems. Anyone can be creative in any context, not just a genius privilege.
EDUCATIONAL ASPECTS OF THE ACTIVITIES OF CHILDREN’S ORGANIZATIONS IN BULGARIA (1944-1947)
Authors: Ivanova Petya
Published: December 2021

This publication is a research project funded by Sofia University’s State Budget for scientific researches in 2019. The theme of the project is “The education in children’s and youth organizations in Bulgaria (1944-1990) in sources.” The aim of this paper is to present the educational aspects in the activities of children’s and youth organizations in Bulgaria between 1944 and 1947. On September the 9th, 1944 in the political governance in Bulgaria a huge change occurred. The period 1944-1947, during which monarchy was replaced with democratic governance, is called “People’s democracy”. The same period is also connected with a new beginning in organizing children and youth for educational purposes, out of school system, in non-formal organizations. In the end of 1944year Unified children’s youth organization “Septmvrijche” was created. Unified children’s youth organization “Septmvrijche” was a single, national, anti-fascist, cultural and educational organization, that had to be the first assistant to the school. During these first years the main aims were targeted for clearing the structure, functions and tasks, and strengthening the organization. The specific rules and symbols were accepted by the organization, which included oath, cravat “septemvrijka”, special flag and badge. The educational purposes, which the organization pursued, in some extend were equal with those of the formal school, but educational forms and methods, were completely different. The main idea was, that work with children in organization should be absolutely different from school classes. The period is characterized with rapid growth of members (children and youth between 7 and 14 years old) and laying the groundwork for a significant educational work. In the structures of the organization the trainers implemented ideological and political, international, patriotic, intellectual, physical and work training. Forms, methods and tools for training used by organization were different from those used by school and endured significant growth in their diversity, according to the educational aim. Considered diversity may be used as source and base for useful practices for contemporary educators. Some of the used forms are: training groups to help trailing students, meetings, conversations, organized visits, amusements, educational and training courses, excursions, work activities, hiking, expeditions, camps, summer playgrounds and many other different forms. These practices may be applied both in the formal educational system and in the non-formal education structures today.The methods, forms and tools used by “Septemvrijtche” are also important for the history of pedagogy, as a science directly linked with historical aspects of education. The topic is significant and because of the fact, that the period 1944-1947, and especially the educational aspects of children’s and youth structures, haven’t been researched in the required extend so far, from the contemporary point of view.
PEDAGOGICAL REALITY THROUGH INNOVATIONS
Authors: Kjimova Gjorgina
Published: December 2021

Pedagogy as a science of human upbringing needs to be innovated and changed in parallel with changes in science and society, аs at the same time she must be basis for change in both personality and society. The process of upbringing in practice is a reflection of the scientific findings from pedagogy and related sciences. The innovations produced from new knowledge in science have a central force in any science towards advancing the practice, and so in pedagogy. They aim to provide new approaches in the educational process and new quality in practice. Innovation aims to bring dynamics to science and continuous development. The upbringing with the enormous role of positive modifying human behavior and development is essential to the progress of the whole society. Education as a process that takes place from birth to the end of life, have a particular importance in the formal education phase, especially in school. Education within the school period has an pedagogical as well as educational character. Through all its components the upbringing of the intellectual, moral, aesthetic, working and bodily component influences the entire human development. Therefore, every new approach that will be applied in the educational process is important for refreshing the teaching and for enhancing the quality of education in every society. For this reason, it is necessary to look for innovation. Through the globalization of the world, knowledge from other cultures and civilizations is included in the teaching and acquisition of knowledge that enables innovative advancement ways in the educational process. The occurrence of drones related to technological development has enriched visualization opportunities as an important aspect of the educational process. There are also new learning opportunities through unusual themes and imaginations that stimulate thinking and are extremely important for the development of young people. These innovations and many more new approaches that change pedagogical theory and practice have been essential in the educational process of futuristic generations. The paper deals with the topic of innovation in the pedagogical process in primary education in the Republic of North Macedonia. It is a descriptive research wich elaborate the level of application of innovation in the process of education in primary education.
PEDAGOGICAL VIEWS - MANAGEMENT OF CLASS, COMPETENT APPROACH
Authors: Vakirlov Nicola , Becheva Maria , Belcheva Nina
Published: December 2021

The term "classroom management." Appears in Jossos Kounin's book, "Discipline and Group Management in Classroom." Jaasbs Kunin is an educational theoretician who focuses on the ability of the teacher to influence student behavior and instruction / management instructions. So he tries to integrate learning with classroom management. Prior to this, the US focused on the role of the teacher as a translator of knowledge and skills. Different studies have developed classroom management theories, which are based on the teacher's ability to organize and plan their activity and students, using the activity and high levels of student participation in learning. Classroom management is a collection of skills and techniques that teachers use to keep students organized, systematically methodical and tidy, focused, attentive, and academically productive during class. When classroom management strategies are implemented effectively, teachers can minimize disruptive behavior that impedes learning and other activities while increasing their effectiveness. Generally speaking, effective teachers tend to show strong skills in classroom management, while the hallmark of inexperienced or less effective teachers is the chaotic classroom.
WORK EXPERIENCE-BASED CAREER EDUCATION
Authors: Iskrev Dimitar
Published: December 2021

The most effective career education is based not on the passive reception of static knowledge, but on the dynamic interaction between thought and experience. The nature and quality of the education derived from experience are heavily dependent on the ways in which they are integrated into students’ formation. Miller (1991) suggests education’s model that presents five-stage cycle comprising preparation, briefing, activity, debriefing and follow-up. Work experience-based career education can reduce the deficits of students’ formation by expending its range of experience in a planned way. Direct experience involves the student in active interaction with the educational environment: the student penetrates the sensory complexities of the environment; the environment penetrates the internal psychological processes of the individual.
NECESSITY OF CHILDREN'S LEARNING THE "SOFT SKILLS" AGAINST THEIR PROVOCATIVE BEHAVIOR
Authors: Stoyanova Dishkova Maria
Published: December 2021

Some of the most important "soft skills" are leadership, successful communication, decision making, negotiation, creativity and initiatives, effective conflict management, building trusted and lasting emotional relationships with others, loyalty, work in a team, etc. Unfortunately, in our day and age, when everyday life is filled with many situations with different personalities, requiring an adequate and timely response to avoid conflicts and other difficult relationships, communication with people around us is a great challenge. Overcoming this challenge requires skills for positive and non-violent communication, the acquisition of which begins at an early age. The process of globalization now requires that we prepare today's children for their upcoming lives, as well as for their optimum realization in personal and professional areas. Instead, there is an extremely worrying tendency for provocative behavior performed by adolescents, the reasons for which are different. In the field of socio-pedagogical theory and practice, the phenomenon called "early sexualization" is already mentioned, which is characterized by a challenging attitude towards the opposite gender at school age. The provocative behavior of children is manifested not only through their actions, but also in the style of dressing, speech, makeup and so on. The communication between the students is already distinguished not only by aggression, but also by not so hidden hints of closeness, intimacy and interest in the other gender. The trend is particularly troubling because it affects younger children, and the family and school seem to remain powerless in the face of this phenomenon. A survey, conducted among pedagogical specialists and students in pedagogical specialties, makes it possible to conclude that the influence of the main educational subjects in the face of parents and teachers is far less than the influence of other educational factors, such as the media and peers. The article deals with the need to master the "soft skills" of adolescents against the uncensored information that is all around them and strongly influences their development. Of course, educators are of the opinion that parents are guilty because they do not control their children and make no demands on them. On the opposite, he parents say that it is difficult to cope with the problem because there are cases in which the child leaves the home with decent clothes and at school dresses with others - modern ones.
OPPORTUNITIES FOR OPTIMIZING THE EDUCATION OF STUDENTS WITH SPECIAL EDUCATIONAL NEEDS THROUGH THE USE OF E-LEARNING RESOURCES
Authors: Yovkova Blagovesna , Saev Stoyan
Published: December 2021

The problem of ensuring equal access to quality higher education and a supportive learning environment for people with permanent disabilities is a question of present interest worldwide. It is well known that although the number of students with special educational needs in higher education has increased over the last 10 years, many of them fail to complete educational level because of the many difficulties and barriers they face during their studies. It is quite natural to look for ways to create adequate conditions for their training and to overcome obstacles and difficulties that have arisen. Over the last decade, there has been a trend towards an increasing use of modern information and communication technologies, and in particular electronic learning resources, in the educational process, which creates prerequisites for increasing the accessibility of education for students with special educational needs. It also provides significantly more opportunities in the field of flexibility, adaptability and opportunities for personalization to the individual needs, interests and learning style of each individual learner. Undoubtedly, this is an important condition for achieving greater self-dependence and independence in learning, which in turn are crucial for the successful learning and academic achievement of students with special educational needs. It is important for the teaching staff to have knowledge of the specific needs of this heterogeneous group of students and the skills to create and adequately deliver the content through quality electronic resources, as well as to critically evaluate and select those created by other authors. This report presents a study of the problem of implementation of electronic resources by the tutors of Sofia University “St. Kliment Ohridski” in the process of teaching students with different types of disorders. A survey of 199 faculty members from different faculties found that the faculties had some experience in creating and adapting electronic resources, as well as using those created by other authors, but despite the high level of digital skills there are deficiencies in the knowledge of professors in training disabled students and in the availability of sufficient technological skills and competences for developing e-content intended to meet the specifics needs of students with different disabilities. The results of the study will help to make specific decisions at institutional level to support and enhance the qualifications of the academic staff of the Sofia University to use electronic resources in the specific context of teaching students with different types of disabilities.The report outlines future areas of study in the field of these issues and underlines specific current problems that need to be addressed.
GAMIFICATION IN MATH EDUCATION FOR GRADES 5-7
Authors: Tsoneva Magdalena , Yankov Todor
Published: December 2021

The Digital Age has only just begun to change how we play, learn and work. In the 21st century technology knows no bounds smart devices such as tablets and phones are entering our everyday lives and are available at affordable prices, have great functionality and offer superior performance. We live in the Internet of Things era where digitization is the integration of digital technologies into everyday life.During this era of fast paced progression the education system must also adapt, develop and evolve itself in order to facilitate the new technological advancements and with it so must the limits of traditional learning be pushed to new heights. Digitalization is one such tool which will help us to transform the old paper educational system into a digital paperless one.Digital education involves the following main advantages: Online courses: Developed by experts in their fields and providing students with lessons which are accessible in real-time; Online exams: Making the examination process convenient for both teachers and students; Interactive content: Students are granted access to an interactive interface which lets them review multimedia content such as videos, presentation and hyperlinks; Animation: The visualization of content, presents the concept in a simplified way with the help of animation; Communication: Students and Teachers are connected in virtual classroom /chat, blog, platform/ designed to provide immediate feedback.Digital education requires a new classroom model to make learning difficult subject matter more exciting and interactive. “Gamification” in education increases motivation through engagement and offers many possible benefits including the following: students taking ownership over their creations; a more relaxed atmosphere which in turn facilitates a more fun and focused environment; the progress is visible through indicators; students often feel more comfortable in a gaming environment.In the following article we are going to present the integration of the core principles of gaming using different development platforms (Scratch / Game Maker / VBA in PowerPoint) and share the results which we achieved when we used this method to train our students grades 5 through 7 in a "gamified" classroom for the most popular international computer science and mathematics competition BEAVER.