bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Distinct Quantum States in Topological Insulator Surfaces of Nanowires and Nanoribbons of Bismuth Selenide (Bi2Se3)
Authors: Nweze Christian , Glier Tomke E. , Rerrer Mika , van Heek Malte , Scheitz Sarah , Akinsinde Lewis O. , Kohlmann Niklas , Kienle Lorenz , Huang Yalan , Parak Wolfgang J. , Huse Nils , Rübhausen Michael
Published: April 2024

Topological insulators (TIs) exhibit unconventional quantum phases that can be tuned by external quantum confinements. The geometry of the surface of 3D TIs plays a crucial role. For example, the geometrical crossover from 2D surfaces to a 1D cylinder results in a novel state with a Spin‐Berry Phase (SBP). Surface‐Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS) with a sub‐micron spatial resolution is utilized to study the quantum‐confinement effects of quasi‐relativistic electrons along the perimeter of the circular bismuth selenide (Bi2Se3) nanowires. The presence of diameter‐dependent SERS in nanowires can be attributed to the self‐interference effect of the electronic wave‐function along the circumferential direction of the TI nanowires. Nanoribbons with rectangular cross‐section do not show this effect. Further gold nanoparticles are applied as plasmonic SERS sensors attached to the distinct topological surface states to manipulate quasi‐relativistic surface states of nanoribbons and nanowires. This technique enables to discriminate between different geometries of TI surface states and also opens a novel pathway to probe the quantum properties of topological surface states.
Low Contact Resistivity of Bi2Te3‐Based Films and Metals Interfaces Enabled by Orientation Regulation
Authors: Dong Guoying , Xiong Yang , Zhao Linghao , Feng Jianghe , Li Juan , Gao Shufang , Liu Ruiheng
Published: April 2024

The contact resistivity originating from the metal–semiconductor interface is a crucial factor for conversion efficiency of thermoelectric films devices. Due to anisotropic nature of state‐of‐art Bi2Te3 films, the contact resistivity also needs to match with the different orientations in/out‐plane film configurations. Here, a series of bismuth telluride (Bi2Te3) films with different orientations are deposited, and the contact resistivity between Ti/Cr/Cu and Bi2Te3‐based films is studied in detail. The increased (00l) orientation can effectively reduce the contact resistivity mainly due to the enhanced Tunneling effect. Finally, a low contact resistivity of 0.84 µΩ cm2 is observed in highly (00l)‐orientated Bi2Te3 film in contact with Cr. This work provides an effective method to control contact resistivity by adjusting the orientation of film, and also provides guidance on how to further improve the performance of thin film‐TEDs with different configurations.
Site‐Selective S‐Arylation of 1‐Thiosugars with Aryl Thianthrenium Salts through Copper(I)‐Mediated, Photoredox‐ Catalyzed Reactions
Authors: Fang Yini , Liang Qing , Shi Lingling , Wen Jiayang , Liu Xinzhang , Hong Xuerui , Zha Xiaoming , Ji Fei
Published: April 2024

A process for the synthesis of aryl thioglycosides from the aryl thianthrenium salts and 1‐thiosugars is achieved by copper(I)‐mediated, photoredox‐catalyzed reactions. The desired products could be obtained in 32% to 78% yield after irradiation with 34 W blue light at room temperature. Various functional groups, especially including halogen groups, were well tolerated under standard reaction conditions. This strategy differs conceptually from all previous S‐glycosylations in that thiosugar functionality could be incorporated into complex natural products or drugs at a late stage site‐selectively, which has not been shown via aryl halides and aryldiazonium salts.
Self‐ or Acridinium‐Catalyzed Electrophotosynthesis of Thiocyanato Heterocycles from Activated Alkenes
Authors: Gong Kaixing , Ma Yingchun , Yu Ping , Gao Shulin , Li Yanni , Liang Deqiang , Sun Shaoguang , Wang Baoling
Published: April 2024

While the emergence of electrophotochemistry provides opportunities, such a chemistry at this stage suffers from limited reaction types and high photocatalyst loadings. A self‐catalyzed electrophotosynthesis as well as one with a low photocatalyst loading is presented. These external‐oxidant‐free cyclizations are enabling and applicable to a range of activated alkenes, affording a diverse array of thiocyanato heterocycles including 4‐pyrrolin‐2‐ones, isoquinoline‐1,3‐diones, indolo[2,1‐a]isoquinolin‐6(5H)‐ones, benzoimidazo[2,1‐a]isoquinolin‐6(5H)‐ones and indolin‐2‐ones, and the protocols are amenable to the late‐stage diversification of complex molecular architectures as well as gram‐scale syntheses. Sunlight could serve as the light source, and the reaction could be conducted in an all‐solar‐driven mode using a commercially available photovoltaic panel to produce electricity.
Phosphine‐Catalyzed Domino Annulation Reactions of o‐Aminotrifluoroacetophenone Derivatives with Morita–Baylis–Hillman Carbonates: Construction of Tetrahydrofuro[3,2‐b]indolines
Authors: Zhu Yannan , Zhao He , Li Qiuyun , Fang Bo , Wang Yi‐Ning , Qi Gang
Published: April 2024

The domino annulation reactions of o‐aminotrifluoroacetophenone derivatives and MBH carbonates enabled by PPh3 have been reported, which provide a series of tetrahydrofuro[3,2‐b]indolines containing a CF3‐substituted tetrasubstituted carbon stereocenters in yields of 74 to 95% and >20:1 dr. In this process, MBH carbonates were used as C1/C3 synthons. The MTT assay shows that the products exhibit the activity of inhibitory effect on proliferation on Hela cancer cell line.
Access to 4‐Membered Heterocycles via Visible‐Light Triggered Intramolecular Cyclization from Alkynes: Bypassing Unfavorable 4‐endo‐dig Cyclization
Authors: Sharma Arun , Choi Ahhyeon , Yim Daniel , Kim Hyungjun , Kim Hyunwoo
Published: April 2024

We describe a catalyst, oxidant, and coupling‐reagent free strategy to access 4‐membered heterocycles, representing a unique example of visible‐light triggered intramolecular cyclization of propargylic alcohols and amines to access oxetanones and azetidinones respectively. Despite the direct 4‐endo‐dig cyclization from these starting materials has proven to be unfavorable, the formation of key p‐quinone methide intermediacy allows an efficient bypass for regioselective 4‐exo‐trig cyclization, resulting in the formation of the desired 4‐membered heterocycles. This mild and operationally simple protocol facilitates the synthesis of products with distinct substitution patterns such as quaternary α‐carbons, and enables late‐stage functionalization.
Deep Learning‐Assisted Sensitive 3C‐SiC Sensor for Long‐Term Monitoring of Physical Respiration
Authors: Tran Thi Lap , Van Nguyen Duy , Nguyen Hung , Van Nguyen Thi Phuoc , Song Pingan , Deo Ravinesh C , Moloney Clint , Dao Viet Dung , Nguyen Nam‐Trung , Dinh Toan
Published: April 2024

In human life, respiration serves as a crucial physiological signal. Continuous real‐time respiration monitoring can provide valuable insights for the early detection and management of several respiratory diseases. High‐sensitivity, noninvasive, comfortable, and long‐term stable respiration devices are highly desirable. In spite of this, existing respiration sensors cannot provide continuous long‐term monitoring due to the erosion from moisture, fluctuations in body temperature, and many other environmental factors. This research developed a wearable thermal‐based respiration sensor made of cubic silicon carbide (3C‐SiC) using a microfabrication process. The results showed that as a result of the Joule heating effect in the robustness 3C‐SiC material, the sensor offered high sensitivity with the negative temperature coefficient of resistance of approximately 5,200ppmK‐1, an excellent response to respiration and long‐term stability monitoring. Furthermore, by incorporating a deep learning model, this fabricated sensor can develop advanced capabilities to distinguish between the four distinct breath patterns: slow, normal, fast, and deep breathing, and provide an impressive classification accuracy rate of ≈ 99.7%. The results of this research represent a significant step in developing wearable respiration sensors for personal healthcare systems.
Improved Numerical Estimation Method for Surface Wave Attenuation on Metasurfaces
Authors: Suzuki Kota , Dang Phuc Toan , Homma Haruki , Fathnan Ashif A. , Phang Sendy , Wakatsuchi Hiroki
Published: April 2024

Comprehensive numerical tools to investigate and analyze the surface wave attenuation on a metasurface waveguide that consists of periodic patches deposited on a dielectric substrate are presented. The surface wave attenuation is evaluated in both waveguide and open‐space environments at high frequencies around the 28‐GHz band. Two approaches including a driven modal approach and an integrated eigenmode approach for investigating the attenuation behaviors in a metasurface waveguide operating in transverse electromagnetic (TEM) mode are employed. These results show different attenuation values depending on the waveguide height due to an unavoidable coupling issue despite the same metasurface design. Thus, an alternative method for more accurately evaluating the frequency‐dependent attenuation characteristics through field distribution in open space with a customized horn antenna is proposed. A relationship between the surface wave attenuation and the propagation distance by analyzing the analytical electric field distribution at different points on the propagation path in the open space is established. Thus, this study provides an improved method for assessing surface wave attenuation characteristics, which contributes to designing surface wave control for wireless communications, wireless power transfer, signal processing, and electromagnetic compatibility.
Understanding the Inherent Properties of Vapor Phase Poly (3,4 – Ethylenedioxythiophene) Deposited Stretchable Conducting Films
Authors: Sethumadhavan Vithyasaahar , Switalska Eliza , Shahbazi Mahboobeh , Li Yong , Zuber Kamil , Wang Tony , Alarco Jose , Evans Drew R. , Sonar Prashant
Published: April 2024

Stretchable conducting films are a prime necessity for future stretchable and wearable electronics. In this work, highly conducting poly(3,4 ethylenedioxythiophene):Tosylate (PEDOT:Tos) films are deposited on extremely stretchable styrene‐ethylene‐butylene‐styrene (SEBS) substrates via vapor phase polymerization (VPP) and their inherent properties are systematically studied. The charge transport and electrical properties of VPP PEDOT:Tos stretchable films are measured from room temperature down to the low temperature of 5 K. Interestingly, the mechanical properties of the stretchable substrate lead to buckling of the PEDOT:Tos that affect the electrical conductivity but not the charge carrier mobility, optical, and structural properties. The VPP PEDOT:Tos on the stretchable SEBS substrate show a semiconducting behavior as electrical resistance is enhanced upon cooling from room temperature to 5 K. Such kind of stretchable conducting films can be used for stretchable transistors, wearable sensing, energy storage, and electrochromic applications.
n‐Type GaSe Thin Flake for Field Effect Transistor, Photodetector, and Optoelectronic Memory
Authors: Kumar Arun , Pelella Aniello , Intonti Kimberly , Viscardi Loredana , Durante Ofelia , Giubileo Filippo , Romano Paola , Neill Hazel , Patil Vilas , Ansari Lida , Hurley Paul K. , Gity Farzan , Di Bartolomeo Antonio
Published: April 2024

The family of 2D chalcogenide semiconductors has been growing rapidly. Metal monochalcogenides, for instance, can enable new possibilities in functional electronics and optoelectronics. A Gallium Selenide (GaSe) thin flake is used to fabricate a back gated field effect transistor (FET) with n‐type conduction behavior and wide hysteresis at the ambient conditions. The device shows high mobility up to 28 cm2 V−1 s−1 with Ion/Ioff ratio over 103. Under the laser exposure, the device shows a decrease in the threshold voltage and a left‐shift of the transfer characteristic with a slight increase in the current. The transfer characteristic exhibits a hysteretic behavior with hysteresis width linearly dependent on the applied gate voltage. Moreover, the GaSe‐based FET shows a photo response with a photoresponsivity of 475 mAW−1 and detectivity of 4.6 × 1012 Jones. The photocurrent rise and decay times are 0.1 and 1.3 s, respectively. Furthermore, the GaSe FET device can be used as a performant memory device with well separated states and memory window enhanced by the laser exposure, confirming an optoelectronic memory class.
High Performance and Stackable Trampoline Like‐Triboelectric Vibration Energy Harvester for In‐Situ Powering Sensor Node with Data Wirelessly Transmitted Over 1000‐m
Authors: Yu Hongyong , Xi Ziyue , Du Hengxu , Yang Hengyi , Qian Zian , Guo Xinyang , Guo Yuanye , Huang Yue , Du Taili , Xu Minyi
Published: April 2024

Addressing the power supply challenges of wireless sensor nodes is pivotal for advancing the development of the Internet of Things (IoT). This work proposes a high performance and stackable trampoline like‐triboelectric vibration energy harvester (T‐TVEH) that can efficiently harvest ultra‐wideband vibrational energy for in‐situ powering of sensor nodes. The unique structural design and material selection enables T‐TVEH to represent a breakthrough in terms of both working bandwidth and power density compared to recent research efforts of vibration energy harvesting. Specifically, the working bandwidth and the peak power density of T‐TVEH is 192 Hz and 5.9 W m−2, which are higher than previous related studies by 156% and 59.2%, respectively. Based on the excellent performance of the T‐TVEH, a wireless sensor node for monitoring machinery condition is constructed. Temperature, humidity, and frequency information are successfully acquired and transmitted to 1000‐m through the wireless sensor node, which is nine times improved compared to related studies. Meanwhile, it achieves fully self‐powered wireless operation monitoring and abnormal alarm on a real ship's marine diesel engine. Overall, this study proposed an innovative solution for in‐situ power supply of wireless sensor nodes, which has broad application prospects in the field of the IOT.
The change in handgrip strength, after physical exercise, is moderated by digit ratio (2D:4D): A study among the young adults in Poland
Authors: Kozieł Sławomir , Konarski Jan M. , Konarska Agata , Heuchert Joanna , Ignasiak Zofia , Chakraborty Raja
Published: April 2024

Background

The digit ratio (2D:4D), the ratio of the lengths of second (2D) to the fourth (4D) fingers, is a proxy indicator of prenatal androgen exposure. On average, males display lower 2D:4D than females. Previous studies have shown that lower 2D:4D ratios were associated with better sports and physical abilities.

Aim

To assess whether a challenge condition, imposed by intense exercise, could increase handgrip strength (HGS) associated with 2D:4D.

Methods

This cross‐sectional experimental study included 90 healthy young Polish adults (40 males, 50 females). They underwent intense physical exercise, before (7 days) and after which they were measured for HGS and 2D:4D. Height and weight were also measured. Analyses of Covariance were employed to delineate associations.

Results

2D:4D had significant predictive effects on the differences in HGS (DHGS) measured in two occasions, without and after, physical exercises. The lower was the 2D:4D, the higher the DHGS, particularly, for the left hand.

Conclusion

The results reconfirmed that the link between prenatal testosterone exposure (indicated by 2D:4D) and physical strength depends on the context, such as a challenged condition.
Health selection into employment in a family health and time use context
Authors: Doan Tinh , Leach Liana , Zhao Yixuan , Strazdins Lyndall
Published: April 2024

Using nationally representative data from Household Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia, this paper examines the impact of poor health, family impaired health and family time on the labour market participation of couples aged 25–64. We address sample selection bias and endogeneity bias by employing instrumental variable Tobit models. Our findings indicate that health selection into the labour market occurs not only due to individual's own health but also due to other family members' health, and family time—which is largely determined by various family factors such as a presence of preschool children (childcare) and partner's major life events. We find a significant trade‐off between family unpaid time and labour market participation, which is augmented after correcting for endogeneity of family unpaid time in market time consideration. This supports our argument that health selection should be considered within the family context, in which each member makes decisions conditional not only on their own but also other family members' health and time resources.
Evaluating the Effect of Alzheimer's Disease‐Related Biomarker Change in Corticobasal Syndrome and Progressive Supranuclear Palsy
Authors: Garcia‐Cordero Indira , Anastassiadis Chloe , Khoja Abeer , Morales‐Rivero Alonso , Thapa Simrika , Vasilevskaya Anna , Davenport Carly , Sumra Vishaal , Couto Blas , Multani Namita , Taghdiri Foad , Anor Cassandra , Misquitta Karen , Vandevrede Lawren , Heuer Hilary , Tang‐Wai David , Dickerson Bradford , Pantelyat Alexander , Litvan Irene , Boeve Bradley , Rojas Julio C. , Ljubenkov Peter , Huey Edward , Fox Susan , Kovacs Gabor G. , Boxer Adam , Lang Anthony , Tartaglia M. Carmela ,   The 4‐R‐Tauopathy Neuroimaging Initiative Consortium, and the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: April 2024

Objectives

To evaluate the effect of Alzheimer's disease (AD) ‐related biomarker change on clinical features, brain atrophy and functional connectivity of patients with corticobasal syndrome (CBS) and progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP).

Methods

Data from patients with a clinical diagnosis of CBS, PSP, and AD and healthy controls were obtained from the 4‐R‐Tauopathy Neuroimaging Initiative 1 and 2, the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative, and a local cohort from the Toronto Western Hospital. Patients with CBS and PSP were divided into AD‐positive (CBS/PSP‐AD) and AD‐negative (CBS/PSP‐noAD) groups based on fluid biomarkers and amyloid PET scans. Cognitive, motor, and depression scores; AD fluid biomarkers (cerebrospinal p‐tau, t‐tau, and amyloid‐beta, and plasma ptau‐217); and neuroimaging data (amyloid PET, MRI and fMRI) were collected. Clinical features, whole‐brain gray matter volume and functional networks connectivity were compared across groups.

Results

Data were analyzed from 87 CBS/PSP‐noAD and 23 CBS/PSP‐AD, 18 AD, and 30 healthy controls. CBS/PSP‐noAD showed worse performance in comparison to CBS/PSP‐AD in the PSPRS [mean(SD): 34.8(15.8) vs 23.3(11.6)] and the UPDRS scores [mean(SD): 34.2(17.0) vs 21.8(13.3)]. CBS/PSP‐AD demonstrated atrophy in AD signature areas and brainstem, while CBS/PSP‐noAD patients displayed atrophy in frontal and temporal areas, globus pallidus, and brainstem compared to healthy controls. The default mode network showed greatest disconnection in CBS/PSP‐AD compared with CBS/PSP‐no AD and controls. The thalamic network connectivity was most affected in CBS/PSP‐noAD.

Interpretation

AD biomarker positivity may modulate the clinical presentation of CBS/PSP, with evidence of distinctive structural and functional brain changes associated with the AD pathology/co‐pathology. ANN NEUROL 2024;96:99–109
Rational Design of Local Reaction Environment for Electrocatalytic Conversion of CO2 into Multicarbon Products
Authors: Ma Ming , Seger Brian
Published: April 2024

The electrocatalytic conversion of CO2 into multi‐carbon (C2+) products provides an attractive route for storing intermittent renewable electricity as fuels and feedstocks with high energy densities. Although substantial progress has been made in selective electrosynthesis of C2+ products via engineering the catalyst, rational design of the local reaction environment in the vicinity of catalyst surface also acts as an effective approach for further enhancing the performance. Here, we discuss recent advances and pertinent challenges in the modulation of local reaction environment, encompassing local pH, the choice of the species and concentrations of cations and anions as well as local reactant/intermediate concentrations, for achieving high C2+ selectivity. In addition, mechanistic understanding in the effects of the local reaction environment is also discussed. Particularly, the important progress extracted from in situ and operando spectroscopy techniques provides insights into how local reaction environment affects C−C coupling and key intermediates formation that lead to reaction pathways toward a desired C2+ product. The possible future direction in understanding and engineering the local reaction environment is also provided.
Implanting Colloidal Nanoparticles into Single‐Crystalline Zeolites for Catalytic Dehydration
Authors: Ma Bing , Duan Linlin , Ma Yuzhu , Bu Fanxing , Lan Kun , Zhao Tiancong , Chen Liang , Zu Lianhai , Peng Liang , Zhao Zaiwang , Xu Jun , Zhong Siqing , Aldhayan Dhaifallah M. , Al‐Enizi Abdullah M. , Elzatahry Ahmed , Li Wei , Yang Weimin , Zhao Dongyuan
Published: April 2024

The encapsulation of functional colloidal nanoparticles (100 nm) into single‐crystalline ZSM‐5 zeolites, aiming to create uniform core–shell structures, is a highly sought‐after yet formidable objective due to significant lattice mismatch and distinct crystallization properties. In this study, we demonstrate the fabrication of a core–shell structured single‐crystal zeolite encompassing an Fe3O4 colloidal core via a novel confinement stepwise crystallization methodology. By engineering a confined nanocavity, anchoring nucleation sites, and executing stepwise crystallization, we have successfully encapsulated colloidal nanoparticles (CN) within single‐crystal zeolites. These grafted sites, alongside the controlled crystallization process, compel the zeolite seed to nucleate and expand along the Fe3O4 colloidal nanoparticle surface, within a meticulously defined volume (1.5×107≤V≤1.3×108 nm3). Our strategy exhibits versatility and adaptability to an array of zeolites, including but not restricted to ZSM‐5, NaA, ZSM‐11, and TS‐1 with polycrystalline zeolite shell. We highlight the uniformly structured magnetic‐nucleus single‐crystalline zeolite, which displays pronounced superparamagnetism (14 emu/g) and robust acidity (~0.83 mmol/g). This innovative material has been effectively utilized in a magnetically stabilized bed (MSB) reactor for the dehydration of ethanol, delivering an exceptional conversion rate (98 %), supreme ethylene selectivity (98 %), and superior catalytic endurance (in excess of 100 hours).
Recent Advances on Diarylethene‐Based Photoswitching Materials: Applications in Bioimaging, Controlled Singlet Oxygen Generation for Photodynamic Therapy and Catalysis
Authors: Bag Sayan Kumar , Pal Adwitiya , Jana Subhendu , Thakur Arunabha
Published: April 2024

Photoswitching materials have emerged as a promising class of compounds that possess manifold interesting properties rendering their widespread use from photoswitches, regulators to optoelectronic devices, security technologies and biochemical assays. Diarylethenes (DAE) constitute one such category of photoswitchable compounds, where the key features of stability, photoisomerization wavelengths, quantum yield and variability in the photoisomers significantly depend on their derivatization. The last decade has witnessed a surge in the engagement of DAEs in different areas of chemical and biological sciences, like biomarkers, controlled generation of singlet oxygen, photo‐dynamic therapy, chemosensing, catalysis, etc. In all the cases, the photoswitchability of DAE is the principal regulating factor along with its emission properties according to the appended groups. Previous reviews on applications of DAE‐based systems did not predominantly cover all the aspects of biological and industrial implementations. They have covered only one field of application either in the biological science or in the synthetic aspect or photochromic aspects only. This review is a coalition of all those aspects in last six years. Here the variation of properties of the DAE systems with respect to structural diversifications have been discussed in detail along with their potential applications in bioimaging of cells, regulating singlet oxygen generation for photodynamic therapy and catalysis of organic reactions, and their future prospects. A tabular presentation of the photophysical properties of DAE derivatives adds to the basic understanding of this subject at a glance. We hope that this cumulative collection of contemporary research on DAE, as presented in this review, will enhance the knowledge of the readers about synthetic design anticipating their properties well in advance, and will certainly motivate researchers to generate new DAE architectures with superior chemical and biological properties in future.
The timing, duration, and severity of nausea and vomiting of pregnancy and adverse birth outcomes among controls without birth defects in the National Birth Defects Prevention Study
Authors: Schrager Nina L. , Parker Samantha E. , Werler Martha M. ,   for the National Birth Defects Prevention Study
Published: April 2024

Background

Nausea and vomiting of pregnancy (NVP) occurs in approximately 70% of pregnant people, with varying severity and duration. Treatments include pharmacologic and herbal/natural medications. The associations between NVP and birth outcomes, including preterm birth, small for gestational age (SGA), and low birth weight are inconclusive.

Objective

To determine whether NVP and reported medications are associated with adverse birth outcomes.

Methods

We used data from the population‐based, multisite National Birth Defects Prevention Study (1997–2011) to evaluate whether self‐reported NVP according to timing, duration, and severity or its specific treatments were associated with preterm birth, SGA, and low birth weight among controls without birth defects. Odds ratios (aOR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were adjusted for sociodemographic, reproductive, and medical factors. For any NVP, duration, treatment use, and severity score analyses, the comparison group was participants with no reported NVP. For timing analyses, the comparison group was women with no reported NVP in the same trimester of pregnancy.

Results

Among 6018 participants, 4339 (72.1%) reported any NVP. Among those with NVP, moderate or severe symptoms were more common than mild symptoms. Any versus no NVP was not associated with any of the outcomes of interest. NVP in months 4–6 (aOR 1.21, 95% CI: 1.00, 1.47) and 7–9 (aOR 1.57, 95% CI: 1.22, 2.01) of pregnancy were associated with an increase in the risk of preterm birth. NVP lasting one trimester in duration was associated with decrease in risk of SGA (aOR: 0.74, 95% CI: 0.58, 0.95), and NVP present in every trimester of pregnancy had a 50% increase in risk of preterm birth (aOR: 1.50, 95% CI: 1.11, 2.05). For NVP in months 7–9 and preterm birth, ORs were elevated for moderate (aOR: 1.82, 95% CI: 1.26, 2.63), and severe (aOR: 1.53, 95% CI: 1.06, 2.19) symptoms. NVP was not significantly associated with low birth weight. Our analyses of medications were limited by small numbers, but none suggested increased risk of adverse outcomes associated with use of the medication.

Conclusion

Mild NVP and NVP limited to early pregnancy appear to have no effect or a small protective effect on birth outcomes. Long‐lasting NVP, severe NVP, and NVP later in pregnancy may increase risk of preterm birth and SGA.
Sustainable business model innovation, dynamic capabilities, and organizational design: Insights from Norwegian aquaculture
Authors: Coffay Matthew , Tveterås Ragnar , Bocken Nancy , Bogers Marcel L.A.M
Published: April 2024

Firms must increasingly grapple with complex sustainability challenges. Business model innovation is needed to achieve radical sustainability improvements. Recent research highlights the interrelatedness between business model innovation, dynamic capabilities, and organizational design, calling for empirical work to better illuminate these relationships. These connections are relevant in sustainability contexts, where organizational barriers and drivers have been shown to either facilitate or hinder the development of dynamic capabilities for sustainable business model innovation (SBMI). This paper presents a case study of an emergent low‐carbon offshore aquaculture value chain in Norway to illuminate the importance and roles of these organizational factors. Based on our analysis, we identify those barriers and drivers present in the Norwegian salmon aquaculture industry; add to the body of theory around organizational design, dynamic capabilities, and SBMI; and offer insights for practitioners in the aquaculture sector aiming to develop dynamic capabilities for SBMI.
One‐Pot Synthesis of Carbon‐Supported Pd Nanoparticles with Ni and Carbon Matrix Protection for Durable Alkaline Hydrogen Oxidation Reaction
Authors: Doan Huong , Sgarbi Ricardo , Labarde Quentin , Martin Vincent , Chatenet Marian
Published: April 2024

Protecting nanoparticles with a carbon matrix can enhance the durability of the catalysts in alkaline fuel cells (AFC) and is well‐documented. While others have tried complex syntheses to produce small nanoparticle catalysts, in this work, in order to scale‐up batches of 15 g or more, carbon‐cap (or carbon‐coating) protected Vulcan XC72‐supported Pd−Ni (1–2) nanoparticles (Pd−Niacc/C) were successfully synthesized via a one‐step dry‐synthesis process. This catalyst was compared with a commercial Pd−Ni/Vulcan XC72 material (PdNi/C, Premetek) in terms of hydrogen oxidation reaction (HOR) activity and stability. To produce less ordered carbon caps (versus graphite/graphene), a low‐temperature heat‐treatment (below 500 °C) was used, resulting in Pd−Niacc/C of unique electrochemical properties: easily electrochemically activated, this catalyst outperforms PdNi/C for alkaline HOR and proves more durable under highly oxidizing accelerated stress test (AST) conditions. Identical location transmission electron microscopy (ILTEM), X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and rotating disk electrode (RDE) measurements demonstrate how the Ni‐rich surface plays an important role in HOR activity for both PdNi/C and Pd‐Niacc/C and that the protective carbon‐coating of the latter ensures better durability of performance and better resistance to materials degradation.
Experimental Study of Flow and Heat Transfer in Granular Media
Authors: Shahidin Zain Ul , Siraj Muhammad Shafiq
Published: April 2024

In this paper, granular flow is studied using particle image velocimetry (PIV) in two different geometries, that is, rectangular box and cylindrical bladed mixer. Effects of parameters like blade rake angle, bed height, moisture content, and the number of blades were studied. The shear rate and velocity magnitude of granular bed were calculated using PIV. The presence of moisture in the granular bed added additional cohesive forces and reduced shear rate between different layers of particles. Shear rate and shear forces were maximal at the tip of the blade. Temperature variations in the granular bed were measured experimentally and results were compared for static and mixing beds.
Influence of Phosphate Surface Coating on Performance of Aqueous‐Processed NMC811 Cathodes in 3 Ah Lithium‐Ion Cells
Authors: Nagler Felix , Christian Nino , Gronbach Andreas , Stahl Franziska , Daubinger Philip , Flegler Andreas , Hofmann Michael , Giffin Guinevere A.
Published: April 2024

Aqueous processing of state‐of‐the‐art cathode materials for lithium‐ion batteries like LiNi0.8Mn0.1Co0.1O2 (NMC811) has evolved as a more sustainable and cost‐effective alternative to the conventional 1‐methyl‐2‐pyrrolidone‐based process. However, the implementation of aqueous processing is challenging due to the water sensitivity of nickel‐rich layered oxides. This study investigates the influence of a phosphate‐based NMC811 surface coating on the performance of aqueous‐processed NMC811 cathodes in 3 Ah cells. The results show that the cells with phosphate‐coated NMC811 outperform those with uncoated NMC811, i. e., they exhibited higher initial capacity and improved capacity retention during cycling. Post‐mortem characterization techniques reveal that the phosphate coating limits the lithium loss during aqueous cathode manufacturing and further reduces side reactions during cycling, resulting in a smaller increase of cell impedance.
A case report of prostate cancer with leptomeningeal metastasis and bone marrow involvement
Authors: Garousi Maryam , Mousavi Darzikolaee Nima , Faridfar Ali , Javadi Seyed Mohammadreza , Samizadeh Esmaeil , Sajadi Rad Masoumeh , Bayani Reyhaneh
Published: April 2024

Background

Prostate cancer is the second most common cancer in men. Central nervous system (CNS) involvement in prostate cancer which manifests as cerebral, leptomeningeal, or dural involvement is uncommon and occurs late in the course of disease.

Case

A 60‐year‐old patient with castration resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) presented with headache and fatigue. Evaluation revealed bone marrow and leptomeningeal involvement. The patient treated by whole brain radiotherapy, leuprolide, weekly docetaxel and daily 1000 mg abiraterone. Complete blood count (CBC) and CNS symptoms improved and the patient is alive after 11 months with excellent performance status.

Conclusion

Leptomeningeal involvement in prostate cancer is rare and is associated with a poor prognosis but the possibility of such event should be considered in patients with new onset progressive CNS symptoms. New treatment strategies such as combination of docetaxel and abiraterone added to androgen deprivation therapy (triplet therapy) might improve outcome in these patients.
Clinical usefulness of newly developed prognostic predictive score for atezolizumab plus bevacizumab for hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Ohama Hideko , Hiraoka Atsushi , Tada Toshifumi , Hirooka Masashi , Kariyama Kazuya , Hatanaka Takeshi , Tani Joji , Takaguchi Koichi , Atsukawa Masanori , Itobayashi Ei , Nishimura Takashi , Tsuji Kunihiko , Tajiri Kazuto , Ishikawa Toru , Yasuda Satoshi , Toyoda Hidenori , Fukunishi Shinya , Ogawa Chikara , Kakizaki Satoru , Shimada Noritomo , Naganuma Atsushi , Kawata Kazuhito , Kosaka Hisashi , Kuroda Hidekatsu , Matono Tomomitsu , Yata Yutaka , Ochi Hironori , Tada Fujimasa , Nouso Kazuhiro , Morishita Asahiro , Itokawa Norio , Okubo Tomomi , Arai Taeang , Tsutsui Akemi , Nagano Takuya , Yokohama Keisuke , Nishikawa Hiroki , Imai Michitaka , Koizumi Yohei , Nakamura Shinichiro , Iijima Hiroko , Kaibori Masaki , Hiasa Yoichi , Kumada Takashi ,   Representing the Real‐life Practice Experts for HCC Study Group with Hepatocellular Carcinoma experts from 48 clinics in Japan (RELPEC/HCC 48 Group)
Published: April 2024

Aims

The aim of the present study was to elucidate detailed parameters for prediction of prognosis for patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (uHCC) receiving atezolizumab plus bevacizumab (Atez/Bev) treatment.

Methods

A total of 719 patients (males 577, median age 74 years) treated with Atez/Bev between September 2020 and January 2023 were enrolled. Factors related to overall survival (OS) were extracted and a prognostic scoring system based on hazard ratio (HR) was created. OS and progression‐free survival (PFS) were retrospectively examined, and the prognostic ability of the newly developed system was compared to CRAFITY score using concordance index (c‐index) and Akaike information criterion (AIC) results.

Results

Cox‐hazards multivariate analysis showed BCLC classification C/D (HR 1.4; 1 point), AFP ≥100 ng/mL (HR 1.4; 1 point), mALBI 2a (HR 1.7; 1 point), mALBI 2b/3 (HR 2.8; 2 points), and DCP ≥100 mAU/mL (HR 1.6; 1 point) as significant factors. The assigned points were added and used to develop the IMmunotherapy with AFP, BCLC staging, mALBI, and DCP evaluation (IMABALI‐De) scoring system. For IMABALI‐De scores of 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5, OS was not applicable (NA), NA, 26.11, 18.79, 14.07, and 8.32 months, respectively (p < .001; AIC 2788.67, c‐index 0.699), while for CRAFITY scores of 0, 1, and 2, OS was 26.11, 20.29, and 11.32 months, respectively (p < .001; AIC 2864.54, c‐index 0.606). PFS periods for those IMABALI‐De scores were 21.75, 12.89, 9.18, 8.0, 5.0, and 3.75 months, respectively (p < .001; AIC 5203.32, c‐index 0.623) and for the CRAFITY scores were 10.32, 7.68, and 3.57 months, respectively (p < .001; AIC 5246.61, c‐index 0.574). As compared with CRAFITY score, IMABALI‐De score had better AIC and c‐index results for both OS and PFS.

Conclusion

The present results indicated that the proposed IMABALI‐De score may be favorable for predicting prognosis of uHCC patients receiving Atez/Bev therapy.
Comprehensive Study of Ti and Ta Co‐Doping in Ni‐Rich Cathode Material LiNi0.8Mn0.1Co0.1O2 Towards Improving the Electrochemical Performance
Authors: Kumar Deepak , Ramesha K.
Published: April 2024

Layered Ni‐rich oxides (LiNi1−x−yCoxMnyO2) cathode materials are of current interest in high‐energy‐demanding applications, such as electric vehicles because of high discharge capacity and high intercalation potential. Here, the effect of co‐doping a small amount of Ti and Ta on the crystal structure, morphology, and electrochemical properties of high Ni‐rich cathode material LiNi0.8Mn0.1Co0.1−x−yTixTayO2 (0.0≤x+y≤0.2) was systematically investigated. This work demonstrates that an optimum level of Ti and Ta doping is beneficial towards enhancing electrochemical performance. The optimal Ti4+ and Ta5+ co‐doped cathode LiNi0.8Mn0.1Co0.09Ti0.005Ta0.005O2 exhibits a superior initial discharge capacity of 161.1 mAh g−1 at 1 C, and excellent capacity retention of 87.1 % after 250 cycles, compared to the pristine sample that exhibits only 59.8 % capacity retention. Moreover, the lithium‐ion diffusion coefficients for the co‐doped cathode after the 3rd and 50th cycles are 9.9×10−10 cm2 s−1 and 9.3×10−10 cm2 s−1 respectively, which is higher than that of the pristine cathode (3.3×10−10 cm2 s−1 and 2.5×10−10 cm2 s−1 respectively). Based on these studies, we conclude that Ti and Ta co‐doping enhances structural stability by mitigating irreversible phase transformation, improving Li‐ion kinetics by expanding interlayer spacing, and nanosizing primary particles, thereby stabilizing high‐nickel cathode materials and significantly enhancing cyclability.
Metal Organic Frameworks as Polysulfide Reaction Modulators for Lithium Sulfur Batteries: Advances and Perspectives
Authors: Fan Xuliang , Zhang You , Peng Ruosi , Liang Zheng , Zhou Xunfu , Luo Xiaonan , Chen Rong , Li Ping , Yu Dingshan
Published: April 2024

Currently, lithium sulfur (Li−S) battery with high theoretical energy density has attracted great research interest. However, the diffusion and loss process of intermediate lithium polysulfide during charge‐discharge hindered the application of the Li−S battery in modern life. To overcome this issue, metal organic frameworks (MOFs) and their composites have been regarded as effective additions to restrain the LiPS diffusion process for Li−S battery. Benefiting from the unique structure with rich active sites to adsorb LiPS and accelerate the LiPS redox, the Li−S batteries with MOFs modified exhibit superior electrochemical performance. Considering the rapid development of MOFs in Li−S battery, this review summarizes the recent studies of MOFs and their composites as the sulfur host materials, functional interlayer, separator coating layer, and separator/solid electrolyte for Li−S batteries in detail. In addition, the promising design strategies of functional MOF materials are proposed to improve the electrochemical performance of Li−S battery.
Fine needle aspiration biopsy in low‐ and middle‐income countries
Authors: Khorsandi Nikka , Balassanian Ron , Vohra Poonam
Published: April 2024

Fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) in low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMIC), can provide minimally invasive, cost‐effective tissue diagnosis with rapid assessment and specimen triage, which is advantageous in these resource‐limited settings. Nevertheless, challenges such as equipment shortages, reagents, and lack of trained personnel exist. This article discusses the effectiveness of FNAB for diagnosis of malignant and inflammatory conditions across various organs, such as lymph nodes, breast, soft tissue, and thyroid and advocates for increased training opportunities and collaboration with academic centers to enhance diagnostic accuracy and access to pathology services.
Long‐Term Heat‐Storage Ceramics based on Zr‐Substituted λ‐Ti3O5
Authors: Otake Tomu , Wang Lidong , Jia Fangda , Yoshikiyo Marie , Kawakami Koutarou , Namai Asuka , Tokoro Hiroko , Ohkoshi Shin‐ichi
Published: April 2024

Heat‐storage materials are important for energy saving to protect the environment. Here, we show a long‐term heat‐storage material based on zirconium‐substituted lambda‐trititanium‐pentoxide (λ‐ZrxTi3−xO5, 0 < x≤0.06). λ‐ZrxTi3−xO5 exhibits a phase transition to zirconium‐substituted beta‐trititanium‐pentoxide (β‐ZrxTi3−xO5) upon application of pressure. The transition pressures were 600 MPa (x=0.04) and about 1 GPa (x=0.06). When the pressure‐produced β‐phase is heated, the β‐phase returns to λ‐phase. The phase transition temperatures (i. e., heat‐storage temperatures) were 185 °C (458 K) and 183 °C (453 K) for x=0.04 and 0.06, respectively. These heat‐storage temperatures are suitable for the reuse of low‐temperature industrial waste heat, which is considered to be a difficult temperature region to be efficiently collected and reused. The present pressure‐sensitive heat‐storage ceramic, which can store the latent heat energy for a prolonged period, is effective for the sustainable reuse of heat energy that are wasted in power plants and industrial factories.
Neurotensin receptor‐1 antagonist SR48692 modulation of high‐fat diet–induced pathogenesis of NAFLD in mice
Authors: Pal Himanshu , Verma Pradeep , Mohanty Banalata
Published: April 2024

This study investigates the efficacy of the antagonist of neurotensin receptor‐1 (NTSR1) SR48692 in modulating the high‐fat diet (HFD)‐induced nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). HFD increases NTS secretion, which enhances fat absorption from the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) via receptors NTSR1/NTSR2/NTSR3. Absorbed fat from the GIT via hepatic‐portal system reaches the liver, where it gets accumulated to cause NAFLD. Swiss albino mice (8 weeks) were maintained in two batches fed standard diet (SD) and HFD for 4 weeks, then divided into six groups: Group I (SD) and Group II (HFD) administered intraperitoneally 0.9% saline (vehicle), Group III: low dose of antagonist (100 µg kg−1 bw: HFD+SR48692L), Group IV: high dose (400 µg kg−1 bw: HFD+SR48692H), Group V (SD+SR48692L), and Group VI (SD+SR48692H). SR48692L treatment in HFD‐fed mice showed partial efficacy in preventing lipid absorption and reducing oxidative stress, as reflected in histology and plasma transaminases. Contrarily, with SR48692H dose, the effects were detrimental. Involvement of other signaling pathways (NTS‐NTSR2, NTS‐NTSR3) in lipid absorption might be the reason of partial efficacy. The adverse effects with the SR48692H might be due to the differential dose–response effect of the antagonist.

Practical Application: HFD‐induced hyperlipidemia and NAFLD are linked to enhanced NTS secretion. As NTS enhances fat absorption, blocking its receptors with antagonists might provide efficacy against HFD‐induced NAFLD. This study with NTSR1 antagonist SR48692 provides some evidence of its in preventing hyperlipidemia; further studies targeting other receptors (NTSR2, NTSR3) are essential for understanding the therapeutic efficacy of the NTS antagonists for NAFLD.
Caffeic acid does not protect human pancreatic β cells against stearic acid‐induced ER stress and apoptosis
Authors: Šrámek Jan , Němcová Vlasta , Kovář Jan , Pavlíková Nela
Published: April 2024

Long‐term elevation of saturated fatty acids in blood has a deleterious effect on pancreatic β‐cell function and survival, leading to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and apoptosis. This fundamentally contributes to type 2 diabetes development. Caffeic acid (CA) was found to protect various cell types against several proapoptotic stimuli, including fatty acids. However, its potential protective effect against fatty acid‐induced apoptosis was not ascertained in pancreatic β cells yet. Therefore, the objective of this study was to examine this in the human pancreatic β‐cell lines NES2Y and 1.1B4. In both cell lines, CA did not modify the effect of saturated stearic acid (SA) on β‐cell growth and viability. At higher concentrations, CA significantly even intensified the adverse effect of SA. Consistent with this, CA did not exhibit any inhibitory effect on SA‐induced markers of ongoing apoptosis as well as ER stress. At higher concentrations, CA again slightly potentiated the effect of SA. CA applied alone was well tolerated up to 1 mM; however, at higher concentrations, it had detrimental effects in both cell lines. To conclude, we have shown that the treatment with caffeic acid has no inhibitory effect on SA‐induced ER stress and apoptosis in the human pancreatic β cells. Moreover, at higher concentrations, CA has proapoptotic potential.

Practical applications: Caffeic acid exhibits a protective effect against saturated fatty acids in human hepatocytes. However, our data obtained with human β‐cell lines suggest that the potential usage of caffeic acid as a dietary component for the prevention and treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus, developed with the contribution of saturated fatty acid‐induced apoptosis of β cells, seems rather unlikely.
Efficient Copper‐Free Sonogashira Coupling in Water and under Ambient Atmosphere
Authors: Ghiglietti Erika , Incarbone Elena Aurora , Mattiello Sara , Beverina Luca
Published: April 2024

Sonogashira coupling is one of the cornerstone Palladium mediated cross coupling reactions, giving a direct and high yield access to symmetric and non‐symmetric alkynes with high tolerance of substituents. The method generally requires the use of CuI as a cocatalyst, an inert atmosphere to protect palladium catalyst, somewhat harsh conditions like prolonged heating and the use of organic solvents due to the hydrophobicity of reagents and products. Leveraging on the opportunities offered by micellar catalysis, we here present a general methodology to perform Sonogashira coupling in water, with moderate or no heating, under air, without copper co‐catalysts and at very low catalyst loading. The method offers the same generality and scope of organic solvents based couplings, but strongly improves sustainability while offering excellent yields.
Low‐Impact Synthesis of γ‐Lactones through Photoinduced Baeyer‐Villiger Oxidation of Cyclic Ketones
Authors: Cabua Maria Chiara , Velichko Viktoria , Pilia Luca , Moi Davide , Secci Francesco
Published: April 2024

A photocatalyzed oxidation of functionalized cyclobutanones to access γ‐lactones has been performed in acetonitrile at room temperature, using anthraquinone derivatives as catalysts in the presence of TFA. The best reaction results were obtained by using 3 mol % of 9,10‐anthraquinone as a catalyst under 370 nm irradiation in an O2 environment. The scope and the limitations of this reaction have been investigated using both 2‐ and 3‐substituted cyclobutanones, as well as enantiopure ketones, to obtain full preservation of their stereochemical identity after the oxidation. The process furnishes in most cases the desired compounds with high purity after catalyst removal by simple filtration, and reducing the production of solvents waste.