bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Chloroquine and Hydroxychloroquine: how about switching?
Authors: Santana Novotny Thiago , Alves Monteiro Mychelle , Condé de Lima Patrícia , Mendonça de Ochs Soraya , Simas Vaz Fernando Antonio , Carvalho Marques Flávia Ferreira de
Published: January 2022

Early studies suggesting that chloroquine (CQ) and hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) could benefit coronavirus patients brought these old medicines back to the spotlight. This led to an increase in demand and price, turning their counterfeiting a pharmacovigilance issue worldwide. Meanwhile, lack of evidence on effectiveness and safety concerns have reduced their clinical trials in severe COVID-19 cases. Despite the knowledge that CQ and HCQ toxic effects are stereo specific rather than their therapeutic effects, these drugs are available only as racemates. In this context, this work brings a discussion about chiral switching to their eutomers so that CQ and HCQ distomers would become impurities, what may be a viable alternative to test new dose-response curves. Even if it is proven that the use of pure CQ and HCQ enantiomers are useless against COVID-19, chiral switching would certainly improve safety and efficacy in the treatment of many autoimmune inflammatory diseases, benefiting chronic users of these drugs.
Nanocellulose: Preparation, Characterization and Applications
Authors: Krishna Shailaja A. , Pranaya Ragini B.
Published: January 2022

The growth of nanocellulose has attracted outstanding interest in the last few decades due to its unique and potentially useful features. Novel nanocelluloses improve the strongly expanding field of sustainable materials and nanocomposites.CNCs and CNFs are two kind of nanocelluloses (NCs), and they own various superior properties, such as large specific surface area, high tensile strength and stiffness, low density, and low thermal expansion coefficient.Their application includesnanocellulose in transdermal drug delivery, Hydrogels, Aerogel Systems, Nanocellulose in Tablet Formulations and Nanocellulose in Microparticulate Drug Delivery (1). Different methods of nanocellulose like pretreatment method, mechanical process and chemical hydrolysis used for the synthesis of nanocellulose. Characterization of cellulose includes scanning electron microscopy, x-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis of samples and thermogravimetric analysis.
In vivo Antioxidant Related Effect of Orally Administered Aqueous Extract of Saliva triloba in Human Volunteers
Authors: G. Alabdallat Nessrin
Published: January 2022

Saliva triloba, belongs to the Lamiaceae family, is one in all the vital medicinal plant species. This work aims to study the antioxidant-related effects of trilobite saliva in the human body through in vivo studies and the effects on liver, kidney, and heart function tests. For five days, nine healthy participants consumed 250 mL of trilobite saliva extract orally. On the fifth day, blood samples were taken one hour before and after the first dosage of water extract (samples I and II, respectively), and again one day after the last dose (ie, day 6, sample III). Before the first dosage, the first blood sample was taken (ie sample I) was used as a control for the subsequent II and III samples. Subsequent determinations were performed: serum total antioxidant status (TAS), red blood cell reduced glutathione (GSH), red blood cell superoxide dismutation (SOD) A activity, malondialdehyde (MDA), and serum-selected biochemical tests. After 5 days of oral administration of trilobite saliva extract in healthy volunteers, serum TAS, erythrocyte GSH and erythrocyte SOD activity were significantly increased, and had no influence on serum biochemical examinations of kidney, liver, heart, pancreas, etc., contrasted with zero-time management. In Conclusion, salivary clover extract has effective anti-oxidation related effects in vivo. Because these findings were obtained in healthy people without oxidative stress, it means that clover saliva will enhance the bottom line of the defense system against probable oxidative stress while having no adverse effects, decreasing or avoiding pathological diseases associated with oxidative stress
A Characterization Study to Indetify Antibactrial Effect of Ruta Graveolens (Hurb of Grace)
Authors: A. Jabir Najim , Al Safy Bassam A. , Tahir Ali
Published: January 2022

Most of rural people even today depend on plants for medicines. The use of complentary and alternative medicine (CAM) has become increasingly popular worldwide, such that an estimated 38% of American adults reported using a form of CAM in 2006. The study of herbal remedies is common because many diseases and infections are known to have been treated with natural medicinal plants throughout the history of humanity. Ruta graveolens is aromatic shrub belong to family rutaceae and is commonly known as rue, cultivated as ornamental and medicinal herb in gardens. Due to its cultural and medicinal value, rue has been introduced in various countries of North, Central and South America, China, India, Middle East and South Africa. This plant also contains glucoside rutin. The flavonoids are a part of primary chemical components of Ruta graveolens Linn. The most important analyzed flavonoids are rutin (quercetin-3-β- rutinoside) that belongs to flavonol glycoside. Quercetin is other major flavonoids found in Ruta graveolens and can also be obtained by rutin hydrolysis.
Effect of dilute Ethanol Intake on DEHP (di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate)-induced Testicular Atrophy
Authors: Suna Shigeru , Jitsunari Fumihiko
Published: January 2022

Background: Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is the most commonly used as a plasticizer for polyvinyl chloride (PVC), but recently, concern has arisen over the DEHP which may act as a reproductive toxicant to humans. On the other hand, ethanol is the most common supplement of beverages and foods, and so many persons ingest a large quantity of ethanol in daily life. However, interactions between ethanol and DEHP toxicity are not well known. Method: To investigate the effect of dilute ethanol ingestion on the DEHP induced testicular atrophy, rats were received a 1% (w/w) DEHP diet and 2.5 or 5% (v/v) ethanol water for 7 days. Result: The rats treated with DEHP-diet alone for 7 days were observed significant testicular weight loss. On the other hand, testicular weight loss was significantly suppressed in rats treated with DEHP diet and ethanol water. A significant negative correlation between relative testicular weight (as a percentage of body weight) and testicular MEHP concentration was found among rats treated with DEHP-free diet (Control) and DEHP diet alone. Most of the data plots for the DEHP diet plus ethanol water group were scattered above the regression line. Conclusion: These results suggest that dilute ethanol may be effective in preventing DEHP testicular atrophy. However, the mechanism of prevention is unknown and further research is needed.
Clinical pharmacology of morphine in infants and children
Authors: Pacifici Gian Maria
Published: January 2022

Morphine is used to treat pain, for treatment of opioid dependence, and neonatal abstinence syndrome. Morphine is modestly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract whereas after rectal administration, by intranasal or buccal application morphine is well absorbed. Morphine is eliminated by glomerular filtration and by conjugation with glucuronic acid; morphine-3-glucurinide and morphine-6-glucurinide are the main metabolites and the last has analgesic effect. In infants, morphine is used to treat severe or sustained pain, sedation, and pain relief. In children, morphine is used to control pain and morphine may be administered by subcutaneous or intravenous injection, orally, by rectum, or by continuous subcutaneous infusion and morphine dose varies according to the child age. Morphine has been found efficacy and safe in infants and children but may induce adverse-effects. The effects caused by morphine and the treatment with morphine have been studied in infants and children. In newborns, morphine elimination half-life ranges from 7.7 to 13.5 hours and decreases with infant maturation. In newborns, infants and children, the total body clearance of morphine ranges from 14.5 to 71.1 L/h/70kg and increases with infant maturation and child development. Morphine is transported in the human brain, poorly crosses the human placenta and accumulates in breast-milk. The aim of this study is to review the published data on morphine dosing, efficacy and safety, effects, adverse-effects, pharmacokinetics, metabolism, drug interaction, treatment, transport into human brain of infants and children and morphine transfer across the human placenta and migration into the breast-milk.
General Explanation of Aspirin: Recent and Future Advancement
Authors: Bereda Gudisa
Published: January 2022

Salicylates have been derived from the willow tree bark. Acetylsalicylic acid has analgesic, antipyretic and anti-inflammatory actions. Salicylate elimination happens throughout dual pathways via the invention of salicyluric acid and salicyl phenolic glucuronide. Salicylic acid is renally cleared, which can be escalated by ascending the urinary pH. Medicines like antacids can accelerate renal clearance as they ascend urinary pH. Aspirin should be used with chariness in children taking some distinctive medications. Levels of methotrexate, valproic acid, phenytoin, and disparate non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (tolmetin, diclofenac) perhaps escalated in children who are also taking aspirin.
Chemical and Bioactive Metabolites of Humicola and Nigrospora Secondary Metabolites
Authors: A. Elkhateeb Waill , M. Daba Ghoson
Published: January 2022

Fungal kingdom contains many interesting genera that are available around us and can be isolated commonly from different sources. Humicola and Nigrospora belonging to class Sordariomycetes, are promising fungal genera that produce many important secondary metabolites. Hence, this review describes their morphology and ecology, highlights on secondary metabolites produced by them, and their pharmacological activities, as well as the biotechnological applications.
Nanotoxicology: Nano Toxicity in Humans
Authors: Hussain Sadique
Published: January 2022

Nanoparticles (NPs) have attracted a lot of attention in the fields of electronics, biology, and astronautics because of their unique physicochemical and electrical characteristics. NPs are materials with at least one dimension of fewer than 100 nanometres that are commercially manufactured (Bahadar et al., 2016; Vishwakarma et al., 2010). In the medical field, drugs, proteins, DNA, and monoclonal antibodies are all being delivered via NPs(Hussain et al., 2021).
Assessment of the influence of the structural characteristics of granular systems of microsilicon on the properties of thermal insulation materials
Authors:   Limited Liability Partnership ", Sangulova I. ,   International Educational Corporation", Selyaev V. ,   N.P. Ogarev Mordovian State University, Kuldeev E. ,   Satbayev University, Institute of Metallurgy and Ore Beneficiation, Nurlybaev R. ,   Director of Limited Liability Partnership "SAVENERGY", Orynbekov Y. ,   Limited Liability Partnership "SAVENERG
Published: January 2022

The article discusses experimental studies of the size and shape of structured particles of microsilica small angle x-ray scattering method and a photophonon theoretical description of the heat transfer process in complex heterogeneous structures to assessment of the structural characteristics of granular systems for the properties of thermal insulating materials. The mechanism of heat transfer in granular, porous systems is quite complex, since heat exchange occurs in a material consisting of two phases (solid and gas) and at the phase boundary. Heat transfer in liquid thermal insulation coatings can be carried out from one solid particle to another. In this case, the thermal conductivity will depend on: the chemical and elemental composition of the material; particle granulometry; surface topology - the presence of inhomogeneities, defects on the surface; the number of touches and the contact area between the particles. The heat transfer of gas in the pores is carried out when gas molecules collide. Thermal conductivity will be determined by the ratio of the free path of molecules and linear pore sizes, temperature and dynamic viscosity of the gas phase, the nature of the interaction of gas molecules with the solid phase. Heat transfer by radiation depends on the nature of the particles, the dielectric, magnetic permeability and the degree of blackness of the particle surface. Based on the analysis of possible mechanisms of heat transfer in granular systems, it can be argued that the effective thermal conductivity of the system depends, all other things being equal, on the structure of the pore space of granular materials, topology and the number of particle touches. Considering idealized models of the structure of granular materials in the form of ordered folds of perfectly smooth balls, we can obtain several variants of structures: with tetrahedral; hexagonal; cubic packing of balls.
Smelting options for carbon ferrochrome based on ore raw materials, middlings and their technological evaluation
Authors:   h. Abishev Chemical and Metallurgical Institute, Baysanov S. , Shabanov Y. ,   Chemical and metallurgical Institute named after Zh. Abishev, Grigorovich K. ,   A.A. Baykov Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Toleukadyr R. ,   Chemical and metallurgical Institute named after Zh. Abishev, Inkarbekova I. ,   Chemical and metallurgical Institute named after Zh. Abishev
Published: January 2022

The article presents the results of large-scale laboratory tests carried out in the conditions of the Chemical and Metallurgical Institute named after V.I. Zh. Abishev on the use of briquetted mono-charge in the smelting of carbon ferrochrome on a 250 kVA furnace. The purpose of these studies was to determine the technological parameters of the use of briquetted mono-charge containing in its composition chrome ore, wastes from the production of high-carbon ferrochrome, middlings and various carbonaceous reducing agents. The main idea of using these briquettes was to multiply the contact surface of the reductant and ore, which should speed up the technological process. The principal possibility of smelting a standard alloy using briquetted mono-charge is shown. The alloy for individual charge options meets the requirements of the standards. In comparison with the technology without the use of briquettes, the mono-charge technology has shown advantages in all main parameters. The technology with the use of briquettes from the dust of the AktZF gas cleaning system is distinguished by a low yield of non-standard metal and slag, the bulk of the material goes into the gas collection system. Technologies from briquettes from fines pellet production area of Donskoy ore mining and processing plant and flash have very low specific technical and economic indicators and cannot be recommended for industrial use. Improvement of briquetting modes and technology of their smelting is required. The technical and economic indicators were higher than the current one, showed briquettes from ore and coke of the People's Republic of China, briquettes of ore from borlin and shubarkol coals of Kazakhstan.
Fluoroammonium method for processing of cake from leaching of titanium-magnesium production sludge
Authors:   Institute of Metallurgy and Ore Beneficiation JSC, Yessengaziyev A. , Ultarakova A. ,   Institute of Metallurgy and Ore Beneficiation JSC, Burns P. ,   Center for Sustainable Energy
Published: January 2022

We present the results of the physical and chemical properties of cake from nitric-acid leaching of titanium production sludge. It was found that all silicon in the cake is in the form of quartz, albite, sillimanite, sodium aluminosilicate. In total, these minerals make up the majority of the cake 60.24%. Titanium is presented in the form of rutile, titanium aluminum oxide, which in total is 35.56%. Iron is part of sillimanite and hematite, the total content of which is about 4.2%. The optimal parameters of fluoroammonium processing of cake were determined: silicon distillation into sublimates at 300°С for 6 hours, sublimation of titanium in the form of titanium tetrafluoride at 800°С for 2 hours. The process of alkaline hydrolysis of sublimates of fluoride compounds and cinder was carried out. Purification of impurities and calcination of hydrated titanium dioxide were carried out. The resulting titanium and silicon dioxide products contain: 96.2% TiO2, 88 % SiО2, respectively; a niobium-containing intermediate product with a content of 11.6 % Nb2O5 was also obtained.
Studies of the rate of gold sorption by the AM-2B anionite from cyanide-alkaline solutions
Authors:   Non-profit joint-stock company ", Kaumetova D. ,   Karaganda Technical University", Koizhanova A. ,   Satbayev University, Institute of Metallurgy and Ore Beneficiation JSC, Absalyamov Kh. ,   Non-profit joint-stock company "Kokshetau University named after Sh. Ualikhanov", Magomedov D. ,   Satbayev University, Institute of Metallurgy and Ore Beneficiation JSC, Banks C. ,   Manchester Metropolitan University
Published: January 2022

The paper presents the results of studies on the sorption leaching of gold-containing ore of the Vasilkovskoye deposit. Kinetic dependences of the sorption of gold and associated metals from cyanide-alkali solutions under different physical and chemical factors were obtained. It was found that gold on the AM-2B resin sorbed at a higher rate than, for example, copper and zinc. The solutions were analyzed using modern devices of a new generation: FT-IR spectrometer "Avatar 370". Laboratory studies were performed to determine the gold sorption rate by the AM-2B anionite from cyanide-alkaline solutions. It was found in the process of sorption of gold from multicomponent cyanide-alkali solutions on AM-2B anionite of mixed basicity, with the macroporous structure containing benzyl dimethylamine and dibenzyl dimethyl ammonium functional groups, that an important factor of qualitative and quantitative separation of gold and impurity metals is the concentration of cyanide and hydroxyl ions in solution. The temperature effect on the sorption rate of gold from cyanide-alkali solutions was studied with the temperature dependences F of t, Bt, of t, ln (l - F) of t, and D of t that show that the sorption process of dicyanoaurate ions is controlled by mixed diffusion.
A lírica de guerra e o testemunho solidário em José Godoy Garcia e Manuel da Fonseca
Authors: Sousa Gustavo Dias de
Published: January 2022

A proposta deste artigo é discutir a respeito do testemunho solidário ou das marcas testemunhais em poéticas marginais aos conflitos da Segunda Guerra Mundial, com base nos poemas “20 mil baixas” e “Os sub-homens” do poeta brasileiro José Godoy Garcia e “Guerra”, do português Manuel da Fonseca. Levando em consideração a orientação ao engajamento e à resistência de ambos os poetas e da distância do conflito, busca-se evidenciar, através de referências concretas e elementos poéticos, como os poemas selecionados configuram uma crítica social ao conflito e aos opressores. E, ao mesmo tempo, procura-se ressaltar, por meio da análise dos textos, como tais referências e elementos também contribuem na disseminação de um grito solidário para com os envolvidos na guerra, promovendo tanto a denúncia quanto um alerta.
Bankaların kazanç kalitesinin piyasa temelli yöntemlerle ölçülmesi: BİST’ten kanıtlar
Authors: BEZİRGAN Elif , SAKARYA Şakir
Published: January 2022

Bu çalışmanın amacı, Türk bankacılık sektörünün kazanç kalitesini, piyasa temelli yöntemler çerçevesinde ölçmektir. Bu amaç doğrultusunda BİST Bankacılık Endeksinde (XBANKA) yer alan ve verilerine eksiksiz ulaşılabilen 9 banka incelenmiştir. Çalışmada ilgili bankaların, 2010Q1 - 2020Q2 çeyrek dönemlerine ait finansal tabloları ve tarihi pay senedi fiyat verilerden yararlanılmıştır. Kazanç kalitesinin ölçümünde piyasa temelli yöntemlerden muhafazakârlık, değer ilişkisi ve zamanlılık ölçüm modelleri incelenmiştir. Çalışmanın analiz sonuçlarına göre; incelenen bankaların kazanç kalitesi çerçevesinde muhafazakâr bir tutuma sahip olduğu; bankaların kazançlarının piyasa fiyatlarını açıklama kabiliyeti olarak tanımlanan değer ilişkisi düzeyinin düşük olduğu ve zamanlılık açısından bankacılık sektörünün pozitif bir tutum izlediği sonuçları elde edilmiştir.
The children's collective as a space for artistic production and cultural management
Authors: López Cuevas María del Carmen
Published: January 2022

Social life is full of multiple manifestations that will evidence the structures that sustain it; given the dynamics of a globalized world, it is necessary to direct efforts to culture as one of the essential nuclei in the evolution of societies. Due to the above, the population has generated proposals such as cultural collectives, which try to be the space where such production is generated, protected and motivated. Directed by the methodology of action research, the Cocotón Children's Collective project was born, a space where children from the city of Tehuacán and its region are apprentices, producers and cultural managers, allowing them to interact, express themselves and take on new roles in their development environments. The first stage of the project's implementation was achieved thanks to the interest and active participation of the children's population, using the resources and capital of their home environments.
High Hydrostatic pressure
Authors: Škegro Marko , Karlović Sven , Ježek Damir , Bosiljkov Tomislav , Brnčić Mladen , Marelja Marko , Dujmić Filip
Published: January 2022

Proces obrade visokim hidrostatskim tlakom, kao netoplinski proces, se koristi za inaktivaciju mikroorganizama uz minimalnu preinaku same namirnice. Postiže se jednaki standard sigurnosti hrane kao kod toplinske pasterizacije te se zadovoljavaju zahtjevi potrošača za svježim i minimalno procesiranim proizvodima uz kraće vrijeme obrade za razliku od konvencionalnih tehnika. U novijim istraživanjima, visoki tlak se smatra zaslužnim za promjene u strukturi stanice i biopolimera u stanicama obrađivanih namirnica što rezultira boljem vezivanju vode, procesima želiranja te nastanku novih tekstura i proizvoda. Ovaj rad prezentira upotrebu visokog hidrostatskog tlaka kod procesiranja crvenog mesa i mesnih prerađevina, voća i povrća te utjecaj na mikroorganizme u namirnici. Uz pasterizaciju, proces se koristi i za ekstrakciju bioaktivnih tvari iz sirovina, uz značajno bolje prinose i kvalitetu u usporedbi s konvencionalnim metodama ekstrakcije.
Jestivo cvijeće
Authors: Badanjak Sabolović Marija , Jurašinović Lucija , Rimac Brnčić Suzana
Published: January 2022

Jestivo cvijeće dio je tradicionalne medicine već stoljećima, ali se koristi i za pripremu različitih jela poput juha i salata te kao dekoracija. U zadnje vrijeme, jestivo cvijeće postaje kulinarski trend. Sve veći interes za jestivo cvijeće u kulinarstvu potiču kuharice, kulinarski članci te televizijske emisije s naglaskom na njihove hranjive i funkcionalne sastojke. Cilj ovog rada je dati pregled dosadašnjih spoznaja o najzastupljenijim vrstama
jestivog cvijeća na tržištu vezano uz njihovu nutritivnu vrijednost, antioksidacijsku aktivnost, funkcionalnost, a obuhvaća cvjetove ukrasnog i začinskog bilja.
Overview of packaging materials for Dairy packaging
Authors: Barukčić Irena , Ščetar Mario , Lisak Jakopović Katarina , Kurek Mia , Božanić Rajka , Galić Kata
Published: January 2022

Regarding milk producing, it is well known that processing and packaging are the two equally important operational phases. Packaging is the last, but definetly not the less important phase. Various automation strategies are constantly being utilized in every phase of processing, packaging and production/use of new packaging materials.
The most suitable packaging will provide adequate properties to pack liquid milk and dairy products which have an important role to prolonged product shelf life. Temperature and moisture are important parameters which affect the shelf life of packaged milk and dairy products, due to their effect on the bacterial growth especially in fermented milk products. The aim of this review article is to introduce advantages and disadvantages and principles of packaging methods and materials correlated to shelflife of dairy products.
Enhancing Students’ Green Ethic-Based Problem Solving Skills in English for Tourism Subject Course
Authors:   Politeknik Negeri Bali, Kanca I Nyoman , Ginaya Gede ,   Politeknik Negeri Bali, Astuti Ni Nyoman Sri ,   Politeknik Negeri Bali
Published: January 2022

This study aims to examine the development of students' core competencies in learning English for Tourism at Tourism Department Politeknik Negeri Bali, where the main product is a green ethical-based measurement instrument for Core Competencies Practices of Problem Solving Skills. Two types of instruments have been created and designed and then used to assess the level of Development in the teaching and learning process for students and lecturers. The results of the Students' Report trial show that overall the instrument is suitable for widespread use. Confirmatory factor analysis results also show the validity of the sub constructs for each main construct. The results of the level of development of Core Competencies show that the minimum development of students' Core Competencies is above 4.2. This means that the development of student Core Competencies has been achieved. For this reason, the Core Competencies development model must maintain to be developed, tested and finally implemented.
Estrategias pedagógicas integradas a partir del saber colaborativo con docentes universitarios para el logro de aprendizajes significativos en estudiantes de primer año de la Facultad de Administración y Negocios de la Universidad Autónoma de Chile
Authors: Salas Humberto , Chávez Marcela
Published: January 2022

La Universidad Autónoma de Chile tiene un modelo educativo con 4 ejes que son Centralidad en el estudiante, Aprendizaje a lo largo de la Vida, Aprendizajes transversales y Responsabilidad social universitaria. Estos se implementan a partir de diversos mecanismos, entre estos la estrategia de Comunidades Académicas que se basa en la gestión y reflexión de los académicos que realizan docencia con estudiantes en primer año, seguimiento de resultados de aprendizaje e implementación de experiencias didácticas. En ellas resulta clave el liderazgo del director, que impulsa un trabajo colaborativo en comunicación permanente basado en la gestión docente. La caracterización de los estudiantes indica que existen brechas en los resultados de aprendizaje comunicacional, desarrollo verbal y comprensión, capacidad de análisis y pensamiento lógico, habilidades sociales y capacidad de abstracción y análisis, a partir de la revisión de estos resultados los académicos inician un proceso de reflexión para la toma de decisiones en relación a experiencias de aprendizaje que nivelen competencias académicas, generen efecto motivador de los estudiantes por aprender, permitan vincular los saberes académicos con la experiencia de los ámbitos de desempeño, coherente con los principios de aprendizaje basados en experiencias previas y construcción de aprendizajes en contexto para la calidad.
Exploring Technological Pedagogical and Content Knowledge (TPACK) in English Language Classroom Setting: In-Service English Teachers’ Perspectives
Authors: Kirana Galuh Dara , Nabhan Salim
Published: January 2022

Technological Pedagogical and Content Knowledge (TPACK) is one of today’s frameworks that integrates technology in the teaching and learning process. However, little research has been done related to the investigation of in-service teachers’ TPACK, specifically in English language classroom setting. Therefore, this study aims at exploring TPACK in English language classroom from the prespectives of in-service English teachers. Qualitative  case study was involved as the approach of the study. The researchers utilized the triangulation of data sources including interview, observation, and document to get the data from in-service English teachers’ as the respondents of the study. The data acquired were then transcribed verbatim and analyzed using thematic analysis. The current study shows that there are three main themes as findings comprising English teachers’ understanding toward TPACK, the process of acquiring TPACK, and the English teachers’ challenges toward TPACK. The English teachers had a diverse understanding pertaining TPACK, and they owned various strategies in acquiring TPACK. However, the teachers faced challenges in implementing TPACK. This study migh have implications in providing the direction of English teachers’ professional development.
The Effect of Kaempferol on Autophagy and Nrf-2 Signaling in a Rat Model of Aβ1-42-induced Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors:   Neuroscience Research Center, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Guilan, Iran., Jafari Adeleh , Babaei Parvin ,   Neuroscience Research Center, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Guilan, Iran., Rohampour Kambiz ,   Neuroscience Research Center, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Guilan, Iran., Rashtiani Samira ,   Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Guilan, Iran.
Published: January 2022

Background: Numerous pieces of evidence support that oxidative stress is a key factor in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases, like Alzheimer’s Disease (AD). Suppression of oxidative stress is an attractive strategy and flavonoids as potent natural antioxidants are extremely noticeable. Objectives: In this study, the effects of Kaempferol (KMP) were evaluated on passive avoidance memory, hippocampal Nrf-2, and beclin-1 expression in a rat model of Aβ1-42 –induced AD. Materials & Methods: Forty male Wistar rats weighing 200-250 g were divided into five groups (n=8); sham-operated, AD model, and KMP treatment (5, 7.5, 10 mg/kg, i.p. for three weeks). Animals received an intracerebroventricular injection of amyloid-beta (1-42) to establish an AD model. Passive avoidance memory of rats was evaluated using a shuttle box on day 21; Step-Through Latency (STL) and time spent in The Dark Compartment (TDC) were recorded. Then, hippocampus homogenates were used for biochemical and molecular analysis by real-time PCR, western blot, and ELISA. Results: It was found that KMP improved memory evidenced by increased STL (P≤0.05) and decreased TDC (p≤0.01). KMP also increased the levels of Total Antioxidant Capacity (TAC) in the hippocampus of rats (P≤0.05). In addition, KMP enhanced the expression of Nrf-2 mRNA (P≤0.001) and beclin-1 protein in the hippocampus tissues (P≤0.001). Conclusion: Overall, it is suggested that the memory-improving effect of KMP is mediated, at least in part, by enhancing Nrf-2 and TAC. KMP is also able to induce autophagy through the expression of beclin-1.
Guillain-Barré Syndrome During the COVID-19 Pandemic and Pre-pandemic Periods
Authors:   School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran., Besharati Alyeh , Saberi Alia ,   Department of Neurology, Poursina Hospital, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran., Ghorbani Shirkouhi Samaneh ,   School of Medicine, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran., Ashraf Ali ,   Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran., Hatamian Hamidreza ,   Department of Neurology, Poursina Hospital, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran., Eslami Kenarsari Habib ,   Vice-Chancellor for Research and Technology, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran., Andalib Sasan ,   Department of Clinical Research, Research Unit of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
Published: January 2022

Background: Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS) is an autoimmune disease that may occur after infections. As Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) may bring about GBS, it is important to assess the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on this disease Objectives: This study aimed to compare the distribution and characteristics of GBS during and before the COVID-19 pandemic in an academic referral hospital in the north of Iran. Materials & Methods: This retrospective study assessed GBS distribution and characteristics during the COVID-19 pandemic period (from March 2020 to the end of February 2021) and before the pandemic (from March 2019 to the end of February 2020) on 5340 patients referred to the Neurology Ward of Poursina Hospital of Guilan Province, in Iran. Results: There was no significant difference between GBS distribution during (0.03%) and before (0.04%) the COVID-19 pandemic (P=0.413). There were also no differences between the two periods regarding the gender (P=0.659) and age (P=0.417) of the patients. The most common subtype of GBS during the COVID-19 pandemic was Acute Motor and Sensory Axonal Neuropathy (AMSAN) (71.4%). In both periods, the most common type of treatment was intravenous administration of immune globulin. There was no significant difference between the two periods (P=0.838) regarding the patients’ treatment response. Conclusion: The distribution of GBS, its subtypes, type of treatment, and response to treatment were not different between the two study periods.
The Effectiveness of a School-based Self-injury Prevention Program on Reducing Interpersonal Cognitive Distortion and Fear of Negative Evaluation in Adolescent Girls
Authors:   Department of Educational Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Science, University of Allameh Tabataba’i, Tehran, Iran., Nezhadhamdy Neda , Dortaj Fariborz ,   Department of Educational Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Science, University of Allameh Tabataba’i, Tehran, Iran., Sadipour Esmaeil ,   Department of Educational Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Science, University of Allameh Tabataba’i, Tehran, Iran., Sheivandi Cholicheh Kamran ,   Department of Educational Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Science, University of Allameh Tabataba’i, Tehran, Iran., Rezaei Sajjad ,   Department of Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Science, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran.
Published: January 2022

Background: Non-Suicidal Self-Injury (NSSI) is a prevalent, harmful, and transdiagnostic behavior that can comprehensively be assessed in daily life studies. Objectives: This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of the student self-injury prevention program in mitigating the Interpersonal Cognitive Distortion (ICD) and the fear of Negative Evaluation (FNE). Materials & Methods: This research is a quasi-experimental study with a pre-test-post-test design, a one-month follow-up, and a control group. The statistical population consisted of all female adolescents studying at the middle schools of Rasht City, Iran, in the 2019–2020 academic years. They must have experienced self-injury at least once. The purposive non-random sampling technique was employed to select 34 self-injuring adolescents, who were then randomly assigned to case and control groups. The interpersonal cognitive distortion scale and the brief fear of negative evaluation scale were adopted to collect data. The case group received 16 sessions of self-injury prevention training for students (twice a week), whereas the control group had no training programs. Analysis of variance and multivariate analysis of variance were then used for data analysis in SPSS v. 25. Results: The results demonstrated the significant effectiveness of the training program in mitigating the ICD (interpersonal rejection: P<0.01; F=21.780, unrealistic relationship expectations: P<0.01; F=51.096, interpersonal misperception: P<0.01; F=20.557), reducing negative meta-emotion, and increasing positive meta-emotion (P<0.05; F=43.591). Conclusion: The student self-injury prevention program effectively reduced the ICD and FNE of female adolescents. Additionally, these two variables have high levels in adolescents struggling with self-injury.
Pretrigeminal Neuralgia: An Overlap Between Neurosurgery and Dentistry
Authors:   Depatment of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran, Vahedi Zahra , Vahedi Payman ,   Departmrnt of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
Published: January 2022

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Retained Lumbar Intradiscal Surgical Knife Blade Retrieved Via Extended Extraforaminal Approach: Case Report and Review
Authors:   Pars Advanced and Minimally Invasive Medical Manners Research Center, Pars Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, Rahimizadeh Abolfazl , Malekmohammadi Zahed ,   Pars Advanced and Minimally Invasive Medical Manners Research Center, Pars Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, Amirzadeh Mahan ,   Pars Advanced and Minimally Invasive Medical Manners Research Center, Pars Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, Rahimizadeh Shaghayegh ,   Pars Advanced and Minimally Invasive Medical Manners Research Center, Pars Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Published: January 2022

Background and Importance: During a lumbar discectomy, the surgical knife might be broken and embedded deeply within the disc space. In some cases, it may be impossible to remove the broken blade during the initial surgery despite allocating several hours for this purpose. This fact may justify a subsequent surgical session. However, the eventual retrieval of the broken scalpel during a second surgical encounter can likewise be a very daunting challenge. Case Presantation: An L4-L5 discectomy in a young boy was complicated by the presence of an intradiscal broken surgical knife blade. The broken blade was successfully retrieved in a subsequent surgical session via the extended extraforaminal approach. Conclusion: The occurrence of an intradiscal retained broken scalpel has been rarely discussed within medical literature. There exist a wide variety of different approaches used for such a needed retrieval. The extended extraforaminal corridor has yet to be described within the context of medical journalism.
Efektivitas Larva Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia Iilucens) dalam Mereduksi Sampah Organik
Authors: Nofiyanti Estin , Laksono Bayu Tri , Salman Nurcholis , Wardani Gatut Ari , Mellyanawaty Melly
Published: January 2022

The composition of waste in Indonesia is dominated by organic waste. The waste processing process must be improved to prevent pollution in the market environment. The bioconversion process using Black Soldier Fly larvae or maggots is an effective way to process organic waste. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of feeding on the initial maggot biomass to the addition of the final maggot biomass, determine the maximum maggot weight and determine substrate consumption. This quantitative research used a completely randomized design method consist of five treatments and four replications. The various feeding between total feed and larva were A treatment (270 gram: 150 gram), B (210 gram : 150 gram), C (150 gram : 150 gram), D ( 90 gram : 150 gram) and E ( 30 gram : 150 gras). The data analysis technique used variance test and Duncan’s mean difference test. The result showed that the addition of coconut pulp feed affects to the final weight of the maggot and the value of substrate consumption. The addition of coconut dregs feed which maximally affects to the final weight of the maggot showed in A treatment which ratio coconut dregs: larva (270 gram : 150 gram). The A treatment gave an average final weight of maggot 195 grams in 18 days. The maximum reduction of coconut dregs in the bioconversion process was observed in treatment E with a substrate consumption value of 55%.
The Concept of Joint Property Ownership of Husband and Wife
Authors: Musfira Musfira , Abbas Syahrizal , Khairani Khairani , Khafidah Wahyu
Published: January 2022

Specifically, this study is the concept of joint property ownership of husband and wife. The focus of this study is important because, in the Marriage and Islamic Law Compilations, The property obtained in marriage becomes the joint property.So that, when a divorce or death occurs, each person gets half a share, in the regulation, there is no question about who produced it. In the reality of life in society, many wives work to earn a living, so it was interesting to study the different proportions in the distribution of property, in the event of a divorce. The problem of this research was how the concept of the joint property rights of husband and wife. In answering these problems, this research was carried out using the Socio-Legal Research method, by looking at the reality on the ground, to interpret joint property in changing situations. The technique of collecting data was through literature study, while the data analysis was qualitative. The findings of the study indicated that the practice of sharing assets with judges tends to use normative construction. Each of them got half a share and this was seen as an injustice, both through regulation and reconstruction of thinking in the distribution of the shared assets.

Keywords: concept, ownership, shared property, marriage, law.
On the Threats and Challenges of Modern Russia
Authors: Bykov A. A.
Published: January 2022

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Processus santé-maladie dans la région amazonienne: facteurs environnementaux et émergence de maladies
Authors: Custódio Wenderson Picanço , Chaves Juliana Vitória Rocha Leite , Pantoja Patrícia Trindade , Cárdenas Anneli Mercedes Celis de , Andrade Rosemary Ferreira de , Dapureza Demilto Yamaguchi , Fecury Amanda Alves
Published: January 2022

Introduction: L’Amazonie a toujours fait l’objet de nombreuses études portant sur son environnement, sa société et sa santé. Question du guide: Quels facteurs environnementaux contribuent à l’émergence de maladies dans la région amazonienne ? Objectif: s’attaquer aux principaux facteurs environnementaux qui contribuent à l’émergence de maladies dans la région amazonienne. Méthode: Il s’agit d’une revue de la littérature dans les bases de données Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO), US National Library of Medicine National Institutes of Health (PubMeD), Bibliothèque Virtuelle de Santé (BVS) et National Institute of Space Research (INPE). Au total, 18 articles ont été utilisés dans la construction de l’étude, qui ont tous passé par les critères d’inclusion et d’exclusion établis afin de filtrer uniquement les revues avec des approches thématiques. Résultats: Du point de vue épidémiologique, l’espace amazonien formé par l’interaction du système socio écologique a des caractéristiques différentes des autres parties du pays. Cette différence est causée par le fondement écologique naturel et ses formes d’occupation et de développement. Conclusion: Les principaux facteurs environnementaux qui contribuent à l’émergence de maladies dans la région amazonienne sont la déforestation, le brûlage, la pollution des rivières, le processus d’urbanisation et l’agro-industrie.
Os efeitos da reflexologia podal no envelhecimento
Authors: Delavalentina Letícia Peruchi , Poletti Sofia
Published: January 2022

Introdução: O processo de envelhecimento biológico é inevitável a todo ser vivo. As transformações que o corpo do ser humano sofre são influenciadas por sua constituição genética no decorrer do tempo. O envelhecimento traz consigo muitas mudanças devido à idade, porém, fatores extrínsecos podem influenciar no envelhecimento biológico, acarretando doenças crônico-degenerativas, limitações funcionais e cognitivas, com quadros de ansiedade e depressão. Apesar do perfil idoso brasileiro, nos últimos anos, ter aumentado, o setor de saúde, ainda se encontra despreparado, mesmo com a implementação de políticas públicas de saúde, como: as Práticas Integrativas e Complementares (PICs), com diferentes métodos e técnicas de terapias naturais para complementar os tratamentos convencionais. Uma destas práticas é a Reflexologia Podal (RP), terapia realizada nos pés, onde pontos de reflexos estão diretamente ligados ao corpo todo. Estes, quando pressionados, influenciam reflexamente aos órgãos e glândulas, ocorrendo mudanças fisiológicas. Portanto, a presente revisão teve como questão norteadora: quais os efeitos da RP no envelhecimento? Objetivo: revisar na literatura os efeitos da RP no envelhecimento. Metodologia: Esta revisão foi aprovada pelo Comitê de Ética e Pesquisa da FHO, nº 236/2020, com pesquisas nas bases de dados do Google Acadêmico, PubMed, SciELO, sem filtros, incluindo artigos clínicos nos idiomas português, inglês e espanhol. As palavras-chave utilizadas foram: reflexologia; envelhecimento; terapia, e as associações de palavras foram: envelhecimento e terapia nos pés; reflexologia em idosos, com as respectivas traduções em inglês e espanhol. Considerações Finais: A RP tem como principais benefícios o relaxamento, melhora a circulação sanguínea e influência na homeostasia das funções do corpo, amenizando estresse, pressão arterial, ansiedade, dores musculoesqueléticas, dentre outras. Assim, RP é considerada uma PIC, e pode ser uma grande aliada, não somente do processo de envelhecimento intrínseco, mas também um complemento para atenuação das comorbidades crônicas não-transmissíveis decorrentes do processo de envelhecimento extrínseco. Portanto, a RP possui efeitos positivos no envelhecimento.
ANALISIS LAYANAN TI PADA DOMAIN SERVICE OPERATION DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN FRAMEWORK ITIL V3
Authors: Nugraha Winata , Negara Edi Surya
Published: January 2022

Operasional bisnis PT. PLN (Persero) ULP sudah memanfaatkan TI dalam meberikan pelayanannya yang berupa sistem informasi berbasis website, layanan yang diberikannya seperti pelayanan online pemasangan listrik baru, penambahan daya listrik dan penyambungan sementara. Namun dalam penerapan operasional layanan TI yang berjalan belum sepenuhnya mengarah pada satu pengelolaan yang mengacu pada pedoman manajemen TI. Untuk memaksimalkan kinerja layanan TI, implementasi dari manajemen insiden dan masalah dengan kerangka kerja Information Technology Infrastructure Library (ITIL) merupakan salah satu solusi yang dibutuhkan untuk meningkatkan kualitas layanan TI di PT. PLN (Persero) ULP Lubuklinggau. Domian pada framerwork ITIL V3 yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah domain service operation. Hasil yang didapatkan menunjukkan bahwa tingkat kematangan dari proses event management, incident management, dan problem management berada pada level 3 atau Defined serta request fulfillment berada pada level 2 atau Repeatable. Dengan nilai 3,06 untuk event management, nilai 3,12 untuk incident management, nilai 2,54 untuk request fulfillment, nilai 3,24 untuk problem management.
Determinants of Banks Profitability: Empirical Evidence from Ghana’s Commercial Banking Industry
Authors: Ahmed Abdul-Hamid , N’Dri Kouadio Stephane
Published: January 2022

Over the years, Ghana’s commercial banking industry has been bedeviled with numerous challenges. The unbridled effect of this is the 2018 banking sector megrim which led to the collapse of seven major banks. This pointed out that it is very crucial to identify and mitigate the factors that negatively affect the performance of the banking sector. This paper is used to investigate the effect of banks specific variables (BSVs) and macroeconomic variables (MEVs) on the profitability of commercial banks (NIM, ROE, and ROA) in Ghana using FRED annual data of 25 years. In order to avoid endogeneity problems and aggregation bias, we used the SURE model to run the estimates simultaneously. The result reveals that profit earned by Ghana’s commercial banks is largely influenced by both internal factors such as KA, AQR, LMGT, MEFFI, and Z-Score and fluctuations in the macroeconomic environment (GDP and FOREX). The impact of KA, LMGT, MEFFI, and Z-score is significantly positive whereas AQR (NPLs) is found to have a negative effect on banks profitability. GDP has a significant negative impact on Ghana’s commercial bank’s profitability whiles forex induced commercial banks profitability positively, but inflation CPI does not determine the profitability of commercial banks in Ghana.