bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Different Third-Generation Solar Cells Using the Discrete Electrical Model d1MxP
Authors: Torres João Paulo N. , Marques Lameirinhas Ricardo A. , Pinho Correia Valério Bernardo Catarina , Lima Martins Sofia , Mendonça dos Santos Pedro , Veiga Helena Isabel , Marques Martins Maria João , Santos do Rego Figueiredo Paula Manuela
Published: April 2023

The performance of photovoltaic solar cells is usually analyzed using continuous models, for instance, 1M5P. I-V and P-V curves are fitted by a mathematical expression from the electrical model. In the case of 1M5P, characteristics are fitted using five parameters that are obtained using a small number of I-V points from a wider set of data, keeping the curve shape given by the mathematical expression from the model. A novel model was recently proposed to overcome this issue. The d1MxP model is based on the discretization of the electrical behavior of the diodes in models such as 1M5P. The d1MxP methodology is equivalent to an analytical incremental calculation and since it connects the given points, the model error should be lower than the one obtained using models as 1M5P. It is based on the connection of adjacent points (with small voltage differences) instead of having the entire voltage range represented by some parameters (as the continuous models do, for instance, 1M5P). In this work, the d1MxP model is applied to perovskite solar cells and paint-type dye-sensitized solar cells. The aim is to analyze the behavior of the discrete model in different third-generation solar cells since their performance cannot be well characterized by the 1M5P model. The accuracy on the maximum power point is relevant, resulting in perovskite solar cells, an improvement of up to 2.61% and, in paint-type dye-sensitized solar cells, an increase of up to 5.03%.
Abnormality Detection Method for Wind Turbine Bearings Based on CNN-LSTM
Authors: Zhang Fanghong , Zhu Yuze , Zhang Chuanjiang , Yu Peng , Li Qingan
Published: April 2023

Wind turbine energy generators operate in a variety of environments and often under harsh operational conditions, which can result in the mechanical failure of wind turbines. In order to ensure the efficient operation of wind turbines, the detection of any abnormality in the mechanics is particularly important. In this paper, a method for detecting abnormalities in the bearings of wind turbine energy generators, based on the cascade deep learning model, is proposed. First, data on the mechanics of wind turbine generators were collected, and the correlation between the data was studied in order to select the parameters related to the bearing temperature. Then, the logical relationship between the observation parameters and the target parameters was established based on a one-dimensional convolutional neural network (CNN) and a long short-term memory (LSTM) network, and the difference between the predicted temperature and the actual temperature was assessed using the root mean square error evaluation model. Finally, a numerical example was used to verify the operational data from a wind farm unit in northwest China. The results show that the CNN-LSTM model proposed in this paper can detect abnormalities earlier in the state of the main bearing than the LSTM model, and the CNN-LSTM model can detect abnormalities in the main bearing that the LSTM network cannot find.
On the Summarization of Meteorological Data for Solar Thermal Power Generation Forecast
Authors: Vilasboas Icaro Figueiredo , da Silva Julio Augusto Mendes , Venturini Osvaldo José
Published: April 2023

The establishment of the typical weather conditions of a given locality is of fundamental importance to determine the optimal configurations for solar thermal power plants and to calculate feasibility indicators in the power plant design phase. Therefore, this work proposes a summarization method to statistically represent historical weather data using typical meteorological days (TMDs) based on the cumulative distribution function (CDF) and hourly normalized root mean square difference (nRMSD). The proposed approach is compared with regular Sandia selection in forecasting the electricity produced by a solar thermal power plant in ten different Brazilian cities. Considering the determination of the annual generation of electricity, the results obtained show that when considering an overall average of weather characteristics, commonly used for analyzing solar thermal power plant designs, the normalized mean average error (nMAE) is 20.8 ± 4.8% relative to the use of historical data of 20 years established at hourly intervals. On the other hand, a typical meteorological year (TMY) is the most accurate approach (nMAE = 1.0 ± 1.1%), but the costliest in computational time (CT = 381.6 ± 56.3 s). Some TMD cases, in turn, present a reasonable trade-off between computational time and accuracy. The case using 4 TMD, for example, increased the error by about 11 percentual points while the computational time was reduced by about 81 times, which is quite significant for the simulation and optimization of complex heliothermic systems.
Combustion Characteristics of Coal-Water Slurry Droplets in High-Temperature Air with the Addition of Syngas
Authors: Belonogov Maxim , Dorokhov Vadim , Glushkov Dmitrii , Kuznechenkova Daria , Romanov Daniil
Published: April 2023

An experimental study of the ignition and combustion processes of coal-water slurry (CWS) droplets based on coal enrichment waste in a high-temperature oxidizer at 650–850 °C with a syngas addition was carried out. The fuel slurry was a mixture of finely dispersed solid combustible particles (coal sludge, 10–100 µm in size) and water. The syngas was a product of biomass pyrolysis and two waste-derived fuels in a laboratory gasifier. Composition of the syngas was controlled by a precision analytical gas analyzer. The feasibility of co-firing CWS with syngas was experimentally established. Under such conditions, the CWS droplets ignition process was intensified by 15–40%, compared to fuel combustion without the addition of syngas to the combustion chamber. The greatest positive effect was achieved by adding the gas obtained during the biomass pyrolysis. The ignition delay times of CWS droplets are 5.2–12.5 s versus 6.1–20.4 s (lower by 15–39%) when ignited in a high-temperature medium without adding syngas to the combustion chamber. Based on the results obtained, a concept for the practical implementation of the CWS combustion technology in a syngas-modified oxidizer medium is proposed.
Aperture Design Optimization of Wire-Wrapped Screens for SAGD Production Wells
Authors: Pallares Jesus David Montero , Wang Chenxi , Haftani Mohammad , Nouri Alireza
Published: April 2023

Wire-wrapped screens have been established as one of the primary sand control devices in Steam-Assisted Gravity Drainage (SAGD) wells due to the high open-to-flow area and superior plugging attributes. However, their design is still a point of interest for thermal operations. Generally, existing approaches rely on one or more particular points of reservoir sands’ particle size distribution (PSD) and rules of thumb inferred from other devices like the slotted liners. This study used Sand Retention Testing (SRT) to analyze the performance of WWS under various testing conditions, which were neglected in the current design criteria. The experimental investigation leads to a set of graphical design criteria that provide an optimum aperture size window. The results show that the sand retention performance of WWS is highly dependent on the flow velocities of the wetting phase. Moreover, the testing showed satisfactory plugging performance of WWS even with narrow aperture sizes, proving a superior performance for low-quality oil sands.
NDVI-Based Vegetation Dynamics and Response to Climate Changes and Human Activities in Guizhou Province, China
Authors: Xue Xu , Wang Zhijie , Hou Shuangshuang
Published: April 2023

Guizhou Province is a typical representative karst region in China, with poverty and a fragile ecology, and knowledge of vegetation dynamics and its response to climate changes and human activities can provide basic information for ecological environmental resource management. Based on MOD13Q1 NDVI remote sensing products and meteorological data, spatial-temporal variations of NDVI in Guizhou Province from 2000 to 2021 were investigated using trend analysis, a coefficient of variation and the Hurst index. Simultaneously, the response to climate change and human activities was also explored using partial correlation and residual analysis. It was concluded that, firstly, the regional average NDVI in Guizhou Province displays a significant improving trend, with a rate of 0.056/10a from 2000 to 2021. NDVI in Guizhou Province displays notable spatial heterogeneity, with high values mainly concentrated in forests and woody savanna regions in eastern and northwestern Guizhou and low values distributed in croplands and rapid urban expansion regions in western and central Guizhou. In addition, the overall spatial distribution of NDVI displays an upward trend, and the area of extreme and light significant improvement accounts for 81.0% of Guizhou total area. Secondly, the NDVI variation in Guizhou Province is relatively stable and the area of lower-to-moderate fluctuation accounts for 90.1% of Guizhou total area; meanwhile, the future trend of NDVI variation in Guizhou is largely sustainable. Thirdly, the NDVI variations in Guizhou are more strongly influenced by air temperature than precipitation; meanwhile, compared to climatic factors, human activities have a stronger impact on vegetation dynamics in Guizhou Province. Fourthly, the trend, stability, sustainability and relationship with climatic factors and human activities of NDVI variations are varied among different vegetation types. These results will provide valuable information for ecosystem restoration and environment protection in Guizhou Province.
Dynamic Changes in Non-Volatile Components during Steamed Green Tea Manufacturing Based on Widely Targeted Metabolomic Analysis
Authors: Gui Anhui , Gao Shiwei , Zheng Pengcheng , Feng Zhihui , Liu Panpan , Ye Fei , Wang Shengpeng , Xue Jinjin , Xiang Jun , Ni Dejiang , Yin Junfeng
Published: April 2023

Steamed green tea has unique characteristics that differ from other green teas. However, the alteration patterns of non-volatile metabolites during steamed green tea processing are not fully understood. In this study, a widely targeted metabolomic method was employed to explore the changes in non-volatile metabolites during steamed green tea processing. A total of 735 non-volatile compounds were identified, covering 14 subclasses. Of these, 256 compounds showed significant changes in at least one processing step. Most amino acids, main catechins, caffeine, and main sugars were excluded from the analysis. The most significant alterations were observed during steaming, followed by shaping and drying. Steaming resulted in significant increases in the levels of most amino acids and their peptides, most phenolic acids, most organic acids, and most nucleotides and their derivates, as well as some flavonoids. Steaming also resulted in significant decreases in the levels of most lipids and some flavonoids. Shaping and drying caused significant increases in the levels of some flavonoids, phenolic acids, and lipids, and significant decreases in the levels of some amino acids and their peptides, some flavonoids, and some other compounds. Our study provides a comprehensive characterization of the dynamic alterations in non-volatile metabolites during steamed green tea manufacturing.
Utilising Spent Tea Leaves Powder as Functional Ingredient to Enhance the Quality of Non-Gluten Shortbread Cookies
Authors: Koh Wee Yin , Lim Xiao Xian , Tan Thuan Chew , Mamat Hasmadi , Kobun Rovina , Rasti Babak
Published: April 2023

The increasing prevalence of gluten-related disorders has led to higher consumer demand for convenient, gluten-free bakery products with health-promoting properties. In this study, non-gluten shortbread cookies were incorporated with various kinds of spent (green, oolong, and black) tea leaves powder (STLP) at 8% w/w. Cookies with STLP had significantly higher (p < 0.05) moisture (2.18–2.35%), crude fibre (14.5–14.9%), total dietary fibre (22.38–22.59%), insoluble dietary fibre (15.32–15.83%), soluble dietary fibre (7.06–7.66%), and ash (1.9–2.0%) contents, but were significantly lower (p < 0.05) in carbohydrate (53.2–53.9%) and energy value (426.4–428.2 kcal) compared to control cookies (1.62%; 1.43%; 6.82%; 4.15%; 2.67%; 7.70%; 62.2%; and 457.8 kcal, respectively). The addition of STLP significantly enhanced (p < 0.05) the antioxidant properties of the cookies. Non-gluten shortbread cookies with spent green tea leaves powder (GTC) received the highest (p < 0.05) score for all sensory attributes, including overall acceptability. In addition, the shelf-life quality of the formulated cookie samples in terms of the moisture content, water activity, colour, texture, microbiology, and sensory properties was maintained (p > 0.05) for at least 22 days at 25 °C. STLP, which would have been previously thrown away, could be utilized as a potential functional ingredient to produce non-gluten shortbread cookies with enhanced nutritional, physicochemical, microbiological, sensory, and antioxidative properties.
Anti-Inflammatory and Vasorelaxant Effects Induced by an Aqueous Aged Black Garlic Extract Supplemented with Vitamins D, C, and B12 on Cardiovascular System
Authors: Recinella Lucia , Libero Maria Loreta , Citi Valentina , Chiavaroli Annalisa , Martelli Alma , Foligni Roberta , Mannozzi Cinzia , Acquaviva Alessandra , Di Simone Simonetta , Calderone Vincenzo , Orlando Giustino , Ferrante Claudio , Veschi Serena , Piro Anna , Menghini Luigi , Brunetti Luigi , Leone Sheila
Published: April 2023

Multiple studies demonstrated biological activities of aged black garlic, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and cardioprotective effects. We aimed to investigate the protective effects of an aged black garlic water extract (ABGE) alone or in association with multivitamins consisting of combined Vitamins D, C, and B12, on mouse heart specimens exposed to E. coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Moreover, we studied the hydrogen sulphide (H2S) releasing properties and the membrane hyperpolarization effect of the Formulation composed by ABGE and multivitamins, using Human Aortic Smooth Muscle Cells (HASMCs). ABGE, vitamins D and C, and the Formulation suppressed LPS-induced gene expression of cyclooxygenase (COX)-2, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-6, nuclear factor-kB (NF-kB), and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) on mouse heart specimens. The beneficial effects induced by the extract could be related to the pattern of polyphenolic composition, with particular regard to gallic acid and catechin. The Formulation also increased fluorescence values compared to the vehicle, and it caused a significant membrane hyperpolarization of HASMCs compared to ABGE. To conclude, our present findings showed that ABGE, alone and in association with multivitamins, exhibited protective effects on mouse heart. Moreover, the Formulation increased intracellular H2S formation, further suggesting its potential use on cardiovascular disease.
Characterization of the Aroma Profiles of Guangdong Black Teas Using Non-Targeted Metabolomics
Authors: Wang Qiushuang , Qin Dandan , Jiang Xiaohui , Fang Kaixing , Li Bo , Wang Qing , Pan Chendong , Ni Erdong , Li Hongjian , Chen Dong , Wu Hualing
Published: April 2023

Guangdong black teas have diverse flavors and aromas. To explore the molecular basis of these aromas, we extracted and analyzed the volatile flavor compounds of 31 black tea samples from 7 districts (Yingde, Luokeng, Renhua, Meizhou, Chaozhou, Lianshan, and Heyuan) in Guangdong Province with headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) coupled with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). Then, 135 volatile flavor compounds (VFCs) were identified and grouped into 12 classes according to their chemical structure. Notably, alcohols accounted for 31.40–44.43% of total VFCs. The score plot of supervised partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) revealed good discrimination for most black tea samples. Additionally, 64 compounds with variable importance in projection > 1.0 were identified as differential odorants. Through an odor activity value analysis, eight volatile compounds were identified as the key active differential VFCs: linalool, methyl salicylate, phenylethyl alcohol, p-cresol, 3-methyl-butanoic acid, geraniol, benzaldehyde, and benzeneacetaldehyde. Thus, benzeneacetaldehyde and linalool in YJ-Yingde samples, benzaldehyde in Luokeng samples with an almond-like aroma, phenylethyl alcohol in the Heyuan samples, and p-cresol and 3-methyl-butanoic acid in the Chaozhou samples were the key volatile flavor compounds that could differentiate local black teas from other black teas. These findings will enrich the research in tea aroma chemistry and provide a method for identifying the origins of Guangdong black teas.
Developments of Plant-Based Emulsion-Type Sausage by Using Grey Oyster Mushrooms and Chickpeas
Authors: Mazumder Md. , Sujintonniti Naphat , Chaum Pranchalee , Ketnawa Sunantha , Rawdkuen Saroat
Published: April 2023

Plant-based (PB) meat alternatives are developing due to the consumer’s demand, especially those who are mainly health-concerned. Soy proteins (SP) are commonly used as the main ingredients for PB meat analogues; however, SP may have adverse effects on the cognitive function and mood of humans. This study aimed to use grey oyster mushroom (GOM) and chickpea flour (CF) as an alternative source of SP to prepare emulsion-type sausages (ES). The effect of different hydrocolloids and oil on the quality of sausage was also investigated. The sausage was prepared using different concentrations of GOM and CF (20:20, 25:15, and 30:10 w/w). The GOM to CF ratio 25:15 was selected for the ES based on protein content, textural properties, and sensory attributes. The result indicated that sausage containing konjac powder (KP) and rice bran oil (RBO) provided a better texture and consumer acceptability. The final product showed higher protein (36%, dry basis), less cooking loss (4.08%), purge loss (3.45%), higher emulsion stability, and better consumer acceptability than the commercial sausage. The best recipe for mushroom-based ES is 25% GOM, 15% CF, 5% KP, and 5% RBO. In addition, GOM and CF could be an alternative option to replace SP in PB meat products.
The Influence of the Apple Vinegar Marination Process on the Technological, Microbiological and Sensory Quality of Organic Smoked Pork Hams
Authors: Łepecka Anna , Szymański Piotr , Okoń Anna , Siekierko Urszula , Zielińska Dorota , Trząskowska Monika , Neffe-Skocińska Katarzyna , Sionek Barbara , Kajak-Siemaszko Katarzyna , Karbowiak Marcelina , Kołożyn-Krajewska Danuta , Dolatowski Zbigniew J.
Published: April 2023

The effect of marinating pork hams in apple vinegar on the technological, microbiological, and sensory quality was verified. Three variants of pork hams were produced: S1—ham with curing salt, without apple vinegar; S2—ham with curing salt and 5% apple vinegar; S3—ham with salt and 5% apple vinegar. The tests were carried out immediately after production, after 7 and 14 days of storage. The products did not differ significantly in their chemical composition, salt content, fatty acid composition, and water activity (p > 0.05). During storage, a significant increase in the cholesterol content was observed (64.88–72.38 mg/100 g of the product). The lowest levels of nitrites and nitrates were recorded for treatment S3 (<0.10 and 4.73 mg/kg of product, respectively). The samples with the addition of apple vinegar (S2 and S3) were characterized by a lower pH value, higher oxidation-reduction potential, and TBARS (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances). Hams S3 were significantly brighter (L* 68.89) and less red (a* 12.98). All of the tested pork hams were characterized by very good microbiological quality (total number of microorganisms, number of lactic acid bacteria, number of acetic bacteria, number or presence of pathogenic bacteria). Significantly the lowest TVC (total viable counts) was found in the ham S3 (2.29 log CFU/g after 14 days). The S3 hams during storage were characterized by greater juiciness (6.94 c.u.) and overall quality (7.88 c.u.), but a lower intensity of smell and taste than the cured ham (S1). To sum up, it is possible to produce pork hams without the addition of curing salt, using natural apple vinegar as a marinade. Apple vinegar has a positive effect on the storage stability of the products, without losing their sensory properties.
Foliar Application of CaCO3-Rich Industrial Residues on ‘Shiraz’ Vines Improves the Composition of Phenolic Compounds in Grapes and Aged Wine
Authors: Maya-Meraz Irma Ofelia , Ornelas-Paz José de Jesús , Pérez-Martínez Jaime David , Gardea-Béjar Alfonso A. , Rios-Velasco Claudio , Ruiz-Cruz Saúl , Ornelas-Paz Juan , Pérez-Leal Ramona , Virgen-Ortiz José Juan
Published: April 2023

The quality of wine grapes and wine depends on their content of phenolic compounds. Under commercial conditions, the phenolic maturity of grapes is mostly achieved by applying abscisic acid analogues. Some Ca forms represent a cost-effective alternative for these compounds. In this study, ‘Shiraz’ vines (veraison of 90%) were sprayed with CaCO3-rich residues from the cement industry (4.26 g of Ca per L). Fruit from treated and untreated vines was harvested 45 days after CaCO3 spraying and evaluated for quality. The fruit was vinified, and the obtained wines were bottled and stored in darkness for 15 months at 20 °C. Wines were evaluated for quality after storage. The evaluation of grape and wine quality included the content of phenolic compounds and antioxidant capacity. The treatment with CaCO3 did not affect the ripening rate of grapes. However, the treatment improved the fruit yield as well as the color development, the content of phenolic compounds, and antioxidant capacity of grapes and wine. The treatment favored especially the accumulation of malvidin-3-O-glucoside, pelargonidin-3-O-glucoside, caftaric acid, caffeic acid, trans-cinnamic acid, quercetin, catechin, epicatechin, resveratrol, and the procyanidins B1 and B2. Wine made with treated fruit was of higher quality than that of control fruit.
Effects of Low-Frequency Electromagnetic Field on the Physicochemical Properties of Freeze–Thawed Mongolian Cheese
Authors: Yun Xueyan , Deng Yawen , Wang Yangyang , Lu Yueyuan , Dong Tungalag
Published: April 2023

To verify whether a low-frequency electromagnetic field (LFE field) can help reduce structural damage during the freeze–thaw process and maintain shelf life, Mongolian cheese was frozen at −10, −20, and −30 °C, then thawed at microwave or room temperature. Results showed that LFE field-assisted frozen treatment could reduce ice crystal size and protect the protein matrix structure of cheese. Frozen–thawed cheese retained 96.5% of its hardness and showed no significant difference from the fresh one in elasticity, cohesion, and chewiness. Frozen cheese showed similar but slower ripening behavior during storage, suggesting a potential application of the LFE field in the frozen storage of high-protein foods.
Metabolomics Analysis Reveals the Effect of Two Alpine Foliar Diseases on the Non-Volatile and Volatile Metabolites of Tea
Authors: Wan Yuhe , Han Yuxin , Deng Xinyi , Chen Yingjuan
Published: April 2023

Blister blight and small leaf spots are important alpine diseases that mainly attack tender tea leaves, affecting tea quality. However, there is limited information on the effect of these diseases on tea’s non-volatile and volatile metabolites. Metabolomic analysis based on UHPLC-Q-TOF/MS, HPLC and GC/MS was used to reveal the characteristic chemical profiles of tea leaves infected with blister blight (BB) and small leaf spots (SS). Flavonoids and monolignols were non-volatile metabolites that were enriched and significantly changed. Six main monolignols involved in phenylpropanoid biosynthesis were significantly induced in infected tea leaves. The accumulation of catechins, (−)-epigallocatechin gallate, (−)-epicatechin gallate, caffeine, amino acids and theanine were significantly decreased in both diseased tea leaves, while soluble sugar, (−)-epigallocatechin and phenol-ammonia were obviously increased. Among them, the amounts of sweet and umami-related soluble sugar, sucrose, amino acids and theanine were much higher in BB, while bitter and astringent taste-related catechins and derivatives were much higher in SS. Volatiles analysis showed that volatiles content in SS and BB was significantly decreased, and styrene was significantly induced in blister blight-infected tea leaves. The results indicate that the type and amount of volatiles were highly and differentially influenced by infection with the two alpine diseases.
On the Redundancy of Birth and Death Rates in Homogeneous Epidemic SIR Models
Authors: Nill Florian
Published: April 2023

The dynamics of fractional population sizes yi=Yi/N in homogeneous compartment models with time-dependent total population N is analyzed. Assuming constant per capita birth and death rates, the vector field Y˙i=Vi(Y) naturally projects to a vector field Fi(Y) tangent to the leaves of constant population N. A universal formula for the projected field Fi is given. In this way, in many SIR-type models with standard incidence, all demographic parameters become redundant for the dynamical system y˙i=Fi(y). They may be put to zero by shifting the remaining parameters appropriately. Normalizing eight examples from the literature this way, they unexpectedly become isomorphic for corresponding parameter ranges. Thus, some recently published results turn out to have been covered already by papers 20 years ago.
Intermediate-Mass Black Holes: The Essential Population to Explore the Unified Model for Accretion and Ejection Processes
Authors: Yang Xiaolong , Yang Jun
Published: April 2023

We study radio and X-ray emissions from intermediate-mass black holes (IMBHs) and explore the unified model for accretion and ejection processes. The radio band survey of IMBH (candidate) hosted galaxies indicates that only a small fraction (∼0.6%) of them are radio-band active. In addition, very long baseline interferometry observations reveal parsec-scale radio emission of IMBHs, further resulting in a lower fraction of actively ejecting objects (radio emission is produced by IMBHs other than hosts), which is consistent with a long quiescent state in the evolution cycle of IMBHs. Most (75%, i.e., 3 out of 4 samples according to a recent mini-survey) of the radio-emitting IMBHs are associated with radio relics and there is also evidence of dual radio blobs from episodic ejecting phases. Taking the radio emission and the corresponding core X-ray emission of IMBH, we confirm a universal fundamental plane relation (FMP) of black hole activity. Furthermore, state transitions can be inferred by comparing a few cases in XRBs and IMBHs in FMP, i.e., both radio luminosity and emission regions evolve along these state transitions. These signatures and evidence suggest an analogy among all kinds of accretion systems which span from stellar mass to supermassive black holes, hinting at unified accretion and ejection physics. To validate the unified model, we explore the correlation between the scale of outflows (corresponding to ejection powers) and the masses of central engines; it shows that the largest scale of outflows LS^out follows a power-law correlation with the masses of accretors Mcore, i.e., logLS^out=(0.73±0.01)logMcore−(3.34±0.10). In conclusion, this work provides evidence to support the claim that the ejection (and accretion) process behaves as scale-invariant and their power is regulated by the masses of accretors.
Gel Formulations with an Echinocandin for Cutaneous Candidiasis: The Influence of Azone and Transcutol on Biopharmaceutical Features
Authors: Pérez-González Noelia , Espinoza Lupe Carolina , Rincón María , Sosa Lilian , Mallandrich Mireia , Suñer-Carbó Joaquim , Bozal-de Febrer Nuria , Calpena Ana Cristina , Clares-Naveros Beatriz
Published: April 2023

Caspofungin is a drug that is used for fungal infections that are difficult to treat, including invasive aspergillosis and candidemia, as well as other forms of invasive candidiasis. The aim of this study was to incorporate Azone in a caspofungin gel (CPF-AZ-gel) and compare it with a promoter-free caspofungin gel (CPF-gel). An in vitro release study using a polytetrafluoroethylene membrane and ex vivo permeation into human skin was adopted. The tolerability properties were confirmed by histological analysis, and an evaluation of the biomechanical properties of the skin was undertaken. Antimicrobial efficacy was determined against Candida albicans, Candida glabrata, Candida parapsilosis, and Candida tropicalis. CPF-AZ-gel and CPF-gel, which had a homogeneous appearance, pseudoplastic behavior, and high spreadability, were obtained. The biopharmaceutical studies confirmed that caspofungin was released following a one-phase exponential association model and the CPF-AZ gel showed a higher release. The CPF-AZ gel showed higher retention of caspofungin in the skin while limiting the diffusion of the drug to the receptor fluid. Both formulations were well-tolerated in the histological sections, as well as after their topical application in the skin. These formulations inhibited the growth of C. glabrata, C. parapsilosis, and C. tropicalis, while C. albicans showed resistance. In summary, dermal treatment with caspofungin could be used as a promising therapy for cutaneous candidiasis in patients that are refractory or intolerant to conventional antifungal agents.
Collagen Membrane as Water-Based Gel Electrolyte for Electrochromic Devices
Authors: Prontera Carmela Tania , Gallo Nunzia , Giannuzzi Roberto , Pugliese Marco , Primiceri Vitantonio , Mariano Fabrizio , Maggiore Antonio , Gigli Giuseppe , Sannino Alessandro , Salvatore Luca , Maiorano Vincenzo
Published: April 2023

Bio-based polymers are attracting great interest due to their potential for several applications in place of conventional polymers. In the field of electrochemical devices, the electrolyte is a fundamental element that determines their performance, and polymers represent good candidates for developing solid-state and gel-based electrolytes toward the development of full-solid-state devices. In this context, the fabrication and characterization of uncrosslinked and physically cross-linked collagen membranes are reported to test their potential as a polymeric matrix for the development of a gel electrolyte. The evaluation of the membrane’s stability in water and aqueous electrolyte and the mechanical characterization demonstrated that cross-linked samples showed a good compromise in terms of water absorption capability and resistance. The optical characteristics and the ionic conductivity of the cross-linked membrane, after overnight dipping in sulfuric acid solution, demonstrated the potential of the reported membrane as an electrolyte for electrochromic devices. As proof of concept, an electrochromic device was fabricated by sandwiching the membrane (after sulfuric acid dipping) between a glass/ITO/PEDOT:PSS substrate and a glass/ITO/SnO2 substrate. The results in terms of optical modulation and kinetic performance of such a device demonstrated that the reported cross-linked collagen membrane could represent a valid candidate as a water-based gel and bio-based electrolyte for full-solid-state electrochromic devices.
Influence of Relative Sea-Level Rise, Meteoric Water Infiltration and Rock Weathering on Giant Volcanic Landslides
Authors: Gargani Julien
Published: April 2023

Recent studies have shown that giant landslides correlate with climatic variations. However, the precise processes involved in this phenomenon need to be better defined. This study investigates the causes of giant landslides using a modeling approach. Here, I show that the effect of meteoric water infiltration could be distinguished from that of the sea level rise in triggering paleo-landslides. It is possible to identify the cause of coastal paleo-landslides based on the age of occurrence and comparison with climatic signals when glacial maxima are wetter than during interglacial periods, as in Polynesia and East Equatorial Africa, but not in other cases (Caribbean, Indonesia). The role of pore-pressure variations and sea water loading variations is discussed. The interaction between the relative sea level rise, pre-existing relief and deep weak structure due to the presence of highly weathered lavas may trigger the conditions for a large landslide. Highly weathered lavas have very low friction angles in volcanic islands. When volcanoes are still active, pressure fluctuations in the magma chamber caused by sea level lowering are expected to play a significant role in the destabilization of the relief. Competing processes in real cases make it difficult to distinguish between these processes.
Prevalence and Associated Factors of Malocclusion among Preschool Children in Huizhou, China: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Lin Lude , Chen Wanting , Zhong Dejun , Cai Xiayuan , Chen Jieyi , Huang Fang
Published: April 2023

This survey examined the prevalence of malocclusion and its associated factors in 3- to 5-year-old children in Huizhou, China. Children were recruited from 21 kindergartens using a multistage sampling method. Two examiners performed oral examinations on the children, assessing occlusal traits, including primary molar and canine relationship, overjet, crossbite, overbite, anterior open bite, scissor bite, midline deviation, crowding, and spacing. Caries experience was recorded. Self-administered questionnaires were distributed to collect background information and oral health-related habits. Chi-square test, Mann–Whitney U test, and binary logistic regression were conducted. The study invited 1485 children and eventually recruited 1454 (52.9% boys; response rate: 97.9%). The prevalence of malocclusion was 68.3%, and deep overbite was found in 48.6% of the children. Children who had lip-biting habits had a higher prevalence of deep overbite than those who did not (OR = 2.36, p < 0.05). Children who had digit-sucking habits and dental caries in anterior maxillary teeth had a lower prevalence of deep overbite than those who did not (OR = 0.73 and 0.70, respectively, p < 0.05). In conclusion, over half of the children in Huizhou who participated in the study had malocclusion. Dental caries in anterior maxillary teeth, digit-sucking, and lip-biting were the associated factors of deep overbite.
Prediction of Lung Function Status Using Handgrip Strength and Anthropometry among the Healthy Malay Population in Malaysia
Authors: Ja’afar Mohd Hasni , Ismail Rosnah , Ismail Noor Hassim , Md Isa Zaleha , Mohd Tamil Azmi , Mat Nasir Nafiza , Tengku Ismail Tengku Saifudin , Ab Razak Nurul Hafiza , Zainol Abidin Najihah , Duong MyLinh , Yusof Khairul Hazdi
Published: April 2023

Lung function depends primarily on the strength of the intercostal muscles and the diaphragm, which is indirectly related to handgrip strength (HGS). This study aims to determine the predictability of lung functions using HGS among healthy adults of Malay ethnicity in Malaysia. This study also aims to compare the equation using HGS with equations without HGS, such as the Global Lung Initiative (GLI). This study was carried out among adults between 35 to 70 years of age residing in urban and rural Malaysia. A series of standardized questionnaires were used to collect socio-demographic information. Lung functions were measured using a portable spirometer and HGS was measured using a Jamar dynamometer. The predictability of lung function indices (FEV1 and FVC) using HGS, age, and height was determined using multiple linear regression (MLR). Prediction of lung function indices was also generated using models without HGS for comparison with the equation that used HGS from this study. Pearson correlation analysis showed that both dominant (r = 0.49; p < 0.001) and non-dominant (r = 0.58; p < 0.001) HGS had a moderate significant correlation with lung function. In the MLR model, HGS was a significant (p < 0.001) predictor of lung function indices (FEV1 and FVC). The correlation of the predicted and measured lung indices using the equation generated in this study, which includes HGS, was higher compared with other lung function test equations that do not include HGS. The equations from MLR could be used to predict lung function indices among healthy Malay adults. The measurement of HGS may be used as a screening tool for lung function status when spirometry is unavailable.
Sparing Is Caring: Hormonal Retreatment in Women with Recurrent Endometrial Cancer after Fertility Preservation Management—A Single Centre Retrospective Study
Authors: Pino Ida , Di Giminiani Maria , Radice Davide , Vidal Urbinati Ailyn Mariela , Iacobone Anna Daniela , Guerrieri Maria Elena , Preti Eleonora Petra , Martella Silvia , Franchi Dorella
Published: April 2023

Fertility-sparing treatment (FTS) of endometrial cancer (EC) has a high rate of remission but also a high rate of relapse (10–88%). Many women still wish to conceive at the time of relapse, but results regarding retreatment are still lacking. This study aims to evaluate the safety, oncological and pregnancy outcomes of repeated FST in women with recurrent EC. This is a retrospective single-center study that recruited patients who had uterine recurrence after achieving a complete response (CR) with FST for FIGO stage IA, well-differentiated (G1), endometrioid EC. All eligible women underwent a second FST. Among 26 patients with recurrence, 6 decided to receive a hysterectomy and 20 received fertility-sparing retreatment. In total, 17 out of 20 women (85%) achieved a CR in a median time of 6 months. A total of 2/20 women showed a stable disease and continued the treatment for a further 6 months and finally achieved a CR. In total, 1/20 women showed disease progression and underwent demolitive surgery. After relapse and a CR, 14 patients attempted to become pregnant, among whom 7 became pregnant (pregnancy rate 50%—life birth rate 29%). Secondary FST is a safe and effective option for women who desire to preserve fertility after the recurrence of early-stage EC.
Application of the Iber Two-Dimensional Model to Recover the Water Quality in the Lurín River
Authors: Mori-Sánchez Omayra Luzmila , Ramos-Fernández Lia , Lluén-Chero Willy Eduardo , Pino-Vargas Edwin , Flores del Pino Lisveth
Published: April 2023

The Lurín River is one of the main sources of water for the city of Lima. However, the discharge of domestic wastewater, the presence of dumps, and long periods of drought cause the deterioration of the water resource. In this study, DO, BOD5, E. coli, T, EC, TSS, U, and h were monitored at 13 monitoring points spread over 20 km of river influence. This information was used to calibrate the parameters of Kdbo, Kaire, Kdos, and Kdec in the Iber two-dimensional numerical model, obtaining values of 0.55 d−1, [4.84 d−1–80.65 d−1], 10 g O2 m−2d−1, and [1.49 d−1–15.42 d−1], respectively, with efficiencies ranging from “very good” to “satisfactory”. In the hydraulic model, a discretization of the channel, banks, and plains of 3, 5, and 7 m, respectively, was considered, resulting in a computational calculation time of 4 days in each simulation. The greatest contamination occurs in July at km 5 + 400 up to the Pan-American bridge. Therefore, it is proposed to recover the river by optimizing the San Bartolo Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP) and a new WWTP in Pachacámac to avoid diffuse contamination, with discharge flows of 0.980 m3s−1 and 0.373 m3s−1, respectively, and 4 mg L−1, 15 mg L−1 and 1000 NMP/100 mL for DO, BOD5, and E. coli, respectively.
Gender-Specificity of Fatigue and Concerns Related to the COVID-19 Pandemic—A Report on the Polish Population
Authors: Domosławska-Żylińska Katarzyna , Krysińska-Pisarek Magdalena , Włodarczyk Dorota
Published: April 2023

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic, which is now going on its third year, and its consequences experienced in almost every sphere of life may eventually lead to pandemic fatigue. Previous research indicates that one of the important determinants of the negative consequences of the pandemic is gender. Based on the WHO’s definition of pandemic fatigue, a study was undertaken to determine the level of pandemic fatigue and concerns expressed in relation to the pandemic in Poland. Methods: A survey among 1064 respondents was conducted using the CATI technique during the fourth wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in Poland. Questionnaires adopted: the Polish adaptation of the Pandemic Fatigue Scale (PFS), Subjective Fatigue Symptoms (SFS), and the COVID-19 Concerns Checklist (CCC) and sociodemographic questions. The following statistical methods were employed: ANOVA analysis of variance, Mann–Whitney U test or Kruskal–Wallis test, and Chi-square test. Results: The analysis showed that women received higher overall PFS, information PFS, SFS, and pandemic-related concerns scores. Other factors that were associated with pandemic fatigue were age, treatment for chronic diseases, receipt of the COVID-19 vaccine, and COVID-19 survivor status. Conclusions: Women in Poland are experiencing pandemic fatigue, subjective fatigue symptoms, and concerns associated with the COVID-19 pandemic at a higher rate than men. Along with implementing interventions focused on public health safety, it seems reasonable to put in place strategies to assist people who are less capable of coping with prolonged stressful situations.
Japanese Local Governments’ Dissemination Activities for Advance Care Planning: A Descriptive Analysis of a Nationwide Survey during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Morioka Noriko , Kashiwagi Masayo , Machida Ako , Hanari Kyoko , Sugiyama Takehiro , Inokuchi Ryota , Tamiya Nanako
Published: April 2023

This study aims to compare the awareness-raising activities between municipalities with and without focused anti-infection measures during the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. Descriptive analysis was conducted using a nationwide self-administered questionnaire survey on municipalities’ activities for residents and for healthcare providers and care workers (HCPs) in October 2022 in Japan. This study included 433 municipalities that had conducted awareness-raising activities before 2019 Fiscal Year. Workshops for residents were conducted in 85.2% of the municipalities, and they were more likely to be conducted in areas with focused anti-infection measures than those without measures (86.8% vs. 75.4%). Additionally, 85.9% of the municipalities were impacted by the pandemic; 50.1% canceled workshops, while 26.0% switched to a web-based style. Activities for HCPs were conducted in 55.2–63.7% of the municipalities, and they were more likely to be conducted in areas with focused anti-infection measures. A total of 50.6–62.1% of the municipalities changed their workshops for HCPs to a web-based style. Comparisons between areas with and without focused anti-infection measures indicated that the percentages of those impacted for all activities were not significantly different. In conclusion, awareness-raising activities in municipalities were conducted with new methods during the COVID-19 pandemic. Using information technology is essential to further promote such activities for residents.
Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids from Monofloral and Multifloral Italian Honey
Authors: Roncada Paola , Isani Gloria , Peloso Mariantonietta , Dalmonte Thomas , Bonan Stefania , Caprai Elisabetta
Published: April 2023

Pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) are secondary metabolites produced by plants as a self-defense against insects. After bioactivation in the liver, some PAs can cause acute or chronic toxicity in humans. The aim of this study was to determine the presence of PAs in 121 samples of monofloral and multifloral honey from three different Italian regions (Friuli-Venezia Giulia, Marche and Calabria) to meet the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) suggestion. An in-house liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method was validated according to European Union Reference Laboratory (EURL) performance criteria. This method allowed the detection and quantification of 35 PAs. Of the 121 honey samples, 38 (31%), mostly from Calabria, contained PAs. The total content of the PAs ranged from 0.9 µg/kg to 33.1 µg/kg. In particular, echimidine was the most prevalent PA. A rapid human exposure assessment to PAs in honey and a risk characterization was performed using the EFSA RACE tool. The assessment highlighted a potential health concern only for toddlers who frequently consume elevated quantities of honey. This study showed a low presence of PAs in Italian honey; however, the importance of continuously monitoring these compounds is stressed, along with the suggestion that the relevant authorities establish maximum limits to guarantee support for producers and consumer safety.
The Prevalence of Compassion Fatigue among Oncology Healthcare Professionals in Three Public Healthcare Facilities in Kwazulu-Natal, South Africa
Authors: Mlaba Phindile C. , Ginindza Themba G. , Hlongwana Khumbulani W.
Published: April 2023

Compassion fatigue (CF) is a serious global challenge among healthcare professionals dealing with diseases with poor health outcomes in clinical settings. Chronic exposure to the suffering of others is inevitable in the oncology setting and remains one of the main contributors to CF. Therefore, this study determined the prevalence of CF among oncology healthcare professionals (OHPs) in three public healthcare facilities in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted among 73 OHPs using the Professional Quality of Life Scale version 5 questionnaire, and the data were analysed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences. More than half (56.2%) of the participants reported average scores for CF, with 43.8% of them scoring low. The participants from Inkosi Albert Luthuli Central Hospital had the highest CF mean score (26.8) compared to those from Addington Hospital (21.2) and Greys Hospital (22.9). Female OHPs had a higher mean score (24.3) for CF, compared to their male counterparts (20.6). The CF scores were positively correlated with older age and longer work experience of the OHPs. The prevalence of CF among OHPs was average, compared to those reported by other local and international studies. Nevertheless, these results cannot be taken lightly, given the straining effects of unmanaged CF on the healthcare system generally and on patient care in particular. The results of this study can potentially contribute to policy development and the planning of intervention strategies towards the effective management of CF among OHPs.