bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Constraining the Range and Variation of Lithospheric Net Rotation Using Geodynamic Modeling
Authors: Atkins Suzanne , Coltice Nicolas
Published: October 2021

Lithospheric net rotation (LNR) is the movement of the lithosphere as a solid body with respect to the mantle. Separating the signal of LNR from plate tectonic motion is therefore an important factor in producing absolute plate motion models. Net rotation is difficult to constrain because of uncertainties in geological data and outstanding questions about the stability of the mantle plumes used as a reference frame. We use mantle convection simulations to investigate the controlling factors for the magnitude of LNR and to find the statistical predictability of LNR in a fully self‐consistent convective system. We find that high lateral viscosity variations are required to produce Earth‐like values of LNR. When the temperature dependence of viscosity is lower, and therefore slabs are softer, other factors such as the presence of continents and a viscosity gradient at the transition zone are also important for determining the magnitude of net rotation. We find that, as an emergent property of the chaotic mantle convection system, the evolution of LNR is too complicated to predict in our models. However, we find that the range of LNR within the simulations follows a Gaussian distribution, with a correlation time of 5 Myr. The LNR from the models needs to be sampled for around 50 Myr to produce a fully Gaussian distribution. This implies, that within the time frames considered for absolute plate motion reconstructions, LNR can be treated as a Gaussian variable. This provides a new geodynamic constraint for absolute plate motion reconstructions.
Quantifying Intrinsic and Extrinsic Contributions to Radial Anisotropy in Tomographic Models
Authors: Magali J. K. , Bodin T. , Hedjazian N. , Ricard Y. , Capdeville Y. , Debayle E.
Published: October 2021

Seismic anisotropy in the Earth's mantle inferred from seismic observations is usually interpreted in terms of intrinsic anisotropy due to crystallographic preferred orientation (CPO) of minerals, or extrinsic anisotropy due to shape preferred orientation (SPO). The coexistence of both contributions confuses the origins of seismic anisotropy observed in tomographic models. It is thus essential to discriminate CPO from SPO. Homogenization/upscaling theory provides means to achieve this goal. It enables computing the effective elastic properties of a heterogeneous medium, as seen by long‐period waves. In this work, we investigate the effects of upscaling an intrinsically anisotropic and heterogeneous mantle. We show analytically in 1‐D that the observed radial anisotropy parameter is approximately the product of the intrinsic and the extrinsic components: This law is verified numerically in the case of a homogenized 2‐D marble cake model of the mantle in the presence of CPO obtained from a micro‐mechanical model of olivine deformation. Our numerical findings predict that for wavelengths smaller than the scale of deformation patterns, tomography may overestimate intrinsic anisotropy due to significant extrinsic anisotropy. At longer wavelengths, intrinsic anisotropy is always underestimated due to spatial averaging. Therefore, we show that it is imperative to homogenize a CPO model first before drawing comparisons with tomographic models. As a demonstration, we use our composite law with a homogenized CPO model of a plate‐driven flow underneath a mid‐ocean ridge, to estimate the SPO contribution to an existing tomographic model of radial anisotropy.
Seasonal and Daily‐Scale Photoacclimation Modulating the Phytoplankton Chlorophyll‐Carbon Coupling Relationship in the Mid‐Latitude Northwest Pacific
Authors: Xing Xiaogang , Boss Emmanuel , Chen Shuangling , Chai Fei
Published: October 2021

Photoacclimation is a photo‐physiological mechanism of phytoplankton associated with the modulation of the ratio of phytoplankton chlorophyll (Chl) and carbon (C), yet little is known on how it modulates Chl dynamics and the Chl‐C coupling relationship in the mid‐latitude oceans. In this study, Chl and C estimated from optical sensors on three BGC‐Argo floats, provided a record of the biomass and physiological variability at high temporal and vertical resolutions in the mid‐latitude northwest Pacific. It is found that, despite the Chl seasonal cycle being mainly dominated by variability in biomass, Chl and C became decoupled and inversely correlated in winter, due to the dominant effect of photoacclimation. Although Chl and C co‐varied in spring and autumn, photoacclimation modulated the Chl‐C coupling relationship as well, leading to a faster increase in C and Chl, respectively, in spring and late autumn. On daily and synoptic scales, Chl dynamics were also driven by photoacclimation to a large extent. Particularly, during a typhoon event, both cloud cover and mixed‐layer dynamics introduced fast changes in mixed‐layer light level, resulting in quick photo‐physiological responses of phytoplankton in modulating the variances of Chl. Similarly, during wintertime mixing‐restratification events associated with abrupt mixed‐layer changes, photoacclimation muted the Chl response, leading to a faster increase in C than Chl.
The Role of Natural Halogens in Global Tropospheric Ozone Chemistry and Budget Under Different 21st Century Climate Scenarios
Authors: Badia Alba , Iglesias‐Suarez Fernando , Fernandez Rafael P. , Cuevas Carlos A. , Kinnison Douglas E. , Lamarque Jean‐Francois , Griffiths Paul T. , Tarasick David W. , Liu Jane , Saiz‐Lopez Alfonso
Published: October 2021

Tropospheric ozone () is an important greenhouse gas and a surface pollutant. The future evolution of abundances and chemical processing are uncertain due to a changing climate, socioeconomic developments, and missing chemistry in global models. Here, we use an Earth System Model with natural halogen chemistry to investigate the changes in the budget over the 21st century following Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP)6.0 and RCP8.5 climate scenarios. Our results indicate that the global tropospheric net chemical change (NCC, chemical gross production minus destruction) will decrease , notwithstanding increasing or decreasing trends in ozone production and loss. However, a wide range of surface NCC variations (from −60 to 150) are projected over polluted regions with stringent abatements in precursor emissions. Water vapor and iodine are found to be key drivers of future tropospheric destruction, while the largest changes in production are determined by the future evolution of peroxy radicals. We show that natural halogens, currently not considered in climate models, significantly impact on the present‐day and future global burden reducing 30–35 Tg (11–15) of tropospheric ozone throughout the 21st century regardless of the RCP scenario considered. This highlights the importance of including natural halogen chemistry in climate model projections of future tropospheric ozone.
The Role of Coupled Feedbacks in the Decadal Variability of the Southern Hemisphere Eddy‐Driven Jet
Authors: Yang Dongxia , Arblaster Julie M. , Meehl Gerald A. , England Matthew H.
Published: October 2021

Recent work has suggested that tropical Pacific decadal variability and external forcings have had a comparable influence on the observed changes in the Southern Hemisphere summertime eddy‐driven jet over the satellite era. Here we contrast the zonally asymmetric response of the Southern Hemisphere eddy‐driven jet to tropical Pacific decadal variability by designing an atmosphere‐only PAC‐A experiment using the Community Atmosphere Model version 5 (CAM5) and comparing it with the fully coupled Community Earth System Model Version 1 (CESM1) tropical Pacific pacemaker (PAC‐C) experiments. In both frameworks, the tropical Pacific sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies are identical (model climatology plus observed anomalies), which allows the PAC‐C and PAC‐A experiments to be used to estimate the impact of coupling on teleconnections from the tropical Pacific to the Southern Hemisphere extratropics. The observed summertime South Pacific jet intensification is reproduced in both coupled and uncoupled experiments, indicating that the central and eastern tropical Pacific (hereafter, tropical Pacific) SST impacts the South Pacific jet mainly via direct atmospheric teleconnections. By contrast, only the coupled PAC‐C captures the summertime poleward shift of the South Atlantic‐Indian jet, suggesting that air‐sea coupling is essential in driving the teleconnections between tropical Pacific SST anomalies and South Atlantic‐Indian jet variations.
The Upper Limit of Denudation Rate Measurement From Cosmogenic 10Be(Meteoric)/9Be Ratios in Taiwan
Authors: Deng Kai , Wittmann Hella , Yang Shouye , von Blanckenburg Friedhelm
Published: October 2021

The tectonically active Taiwan orogen features numerous rivers that yield a high amount of sediment with fluxes exceeding 104 t/km2/yr. Amongst these, the landslide‐dominated Liwu River is well studied regarding its dynamic surface processes. However, the quantification of denudation in the Liwu Basin is still an ongoing task as rates obtained to date are subject to substantial differences depending on methods that differ in their spatio‐temporal scales. We constrain an upper limit of global denudation using the cosmogenic nuclide 10Be(meteoric) and its ratio to stable 9Be. Meteoric cosmogenic 10Be is delivered to Earth’s surface by precipitation, whereas stable 9Be is released from rock weathering. In contrast to in situ cosmogenic 10Be measured in quartz, the 10Be(meteoric)/9Be ratio can be analyzed in quartz‐poor settings. 10Be(meteoric)/9Be‐derived denudation rates (Dmet) vary from 8.1 to >30 mm/yr in the Liwu mainstem, and from 3.4 to 21.5 mm/yr in the tributaries. These new Dmet are among the highest cosmogenic nuclide‐derived rates ever measured. Most of these rates agree with rates from sediment gauging or channel incision. We propose that stochastic landsliding plays a major role in denudation processes here. Using a soil‐bedrock mixing model and published riverine organic 14C data as a soil tracer, we estimate the fractional contribution of bedrock landslide material to mainstem sediments to be 55%–97%, which explains the magnitude and large variability (4‐fold) in Dmet. We demonstrate the complexity associated with denudation rates determination in landslide‐dominated routing systems; but also the potential of 10Be(meteoric)/9Be for tracing stochastic landsliding processes.
An europium(iii) metal–organic framework as a multi-responsive luminescent sensor for highly sensitive and selective detection of 4-nitrophenol and I− and Fe3+ ions in water
Authors: Zhang Meng-Yao , Yi Feng-Ying , Liu Lan-Jun , Yan Guo-Ping , Liu Hui , Guo Jun-Fang
Published: October 2021

An europium(iii) metal–organic framework as a multi-responsive luminescent sensor for the detection of 4-nitrophenol and I− and Fe3+ ions in water with high sensitivity and selectivity.
The rich physics of A-site-ordered quadruple perovskite manganites AMn7O12
Authors: Belik Alexei A. , Johnson Roger D. , Khalyavin Dmitry D.
Published: October 2021

Research results on A-site-ordered quadruple perovskite manganites AMn7O12 are reviewed and unresolved problems and future directions are highlighted.
ZIF-67-derived flower-like ZnIn2S4@CoS2 heterostructures for photocatalytic hydrogen production
Authors: Xi Xiuqing , Dang Qi , Wang Ganyu , Chen Wenqian , Tang Liang
Published: October 2021

In this work, efficient photocatalytic hydrogen production was achieved by using ZIF-67 derived ZnIn2S4@CoS2 heterostructures as photocatalysts.
Name reactions: strategies in the design of chemodosimeters for analyte detection
Authors: Maiti Anwesha , Manna Saikat Kumar , Banik Dipanjan , Mahapatra Ajit Kumar
Published: October 2021

The design and synthesis of suitable chemodosimeters for the detection of toxic analytes has become challenging for new researchers nowadays in the molecular recognition field.
Ca2YHf2Al3O12:Ce3+,Mn2+: energy transfer and PL/CL properties of an efficient emission-tunable phosphor for LEDs and FEDs
Authors: Kang Runtian , Chen Hang , Ji Ruijie , Wang Haoyang , Seto Takatoshi , Wang Yuhua
Published: October 2021

It is of great significance for white light-emitting diodes (wLEDs) to explore new, efficient and stable inorganic phosphors excited by wideband near-ultraviolet (n-UV) light.
Detrimental MnPO4F and MnF2 formation on LiMn2O4 in the 3 V region
Authors: De Taeye Louis L. , Vereecken Philippe M.
Published: October 2021

The 3 V region of LMO is inhibited when using LiPF6 based electrolytes, due to the formation of a LiF/MnF2 decomposition layer. This layer is formed by direct interaction between LiPF6 and Li2Mn2O4, as demonstrated using a thin-film model electrode.
Damage-resistant and healable polyacrylonitrile-derived stretchable materials with exceptional fracture toughness and fatigue threshold
Authors: Guo Xiwei , Huang Lingqi , Qin Jianliang , Zhang Qi , Zhu He , Zhu Shiping
Published: October 2021

PAN-based stretchable materials with high fracture toughness and fatigue threshold.
A simple synthesis of magnetic metal implanted hierarchical porous carbon networks for efficient microwave absorption
Authors: Liu Yongmeng , Fan Erchuang , Hou Ruohan , Zhang Peng , Zhang Shijie , Shao Guosheng
Published: October 2021

A hierarchical porous carbon composite decorated with magnetic metal nano sites was greenly and rapidly prepared by adopting water-soluble NaCl as a template for high-perfoemance microwave absorption.
Perfectly matched inhomogeneous receiving metasurface for line source incidence
Authors: Dong Shiwei , Tang Jingxin , Dong Yazhou , Huangfu Jiangtao , Ye Dexin
Published: October 2021

This paper presents a perfectly matched inhomogeneous receiving metasurface for line source incidence, based on the effective medium equivalency. Each building block of the inhomogeneous metasurface has effective constitutive parameters that satisfy a specific relationship dependent on the location of the line source. By doing so, the reflection from the receiving metasurface for the cylindrical wave incidence can be significantly suppressed, improving the total reception efficiency greatly. Theoretical analysis, numerical calculation, full‐wave simulations and experimental results are consistent with each other, showing promising applications in some short‐range wireless power transmission systems, where the incident wave is non‐planar.
A machine learning approach for real‐time selection of preventive actions improving power network resilience
Authors: Noebels Matthias , Preece Robin , Panteli Mathaios
Published: October 2021

Power outages due to cascading failures which are triggered by extreme weather pose an increasing risk to modern societies and draw attention to an emerging need for power network resilience. Machine learning (ML) is used for a real‐time selection process on preventive actions, such as topology reconfiguration and islanding, aiming to reduce the risk of cascading failures. Training data is obtained from Monte Carlo simulations of cascading failures triggered by extreme events. The trained ML‐based decision‐making process uses only predictors that are readily available prior to an extreme event, such as event location and intensity, network topology and load, and requires no further time‐consuming simulations.The proposed decision‐making process is compared to time‐consuming but ideal decision‐making and fast but trivial decision‐making. Demonstrations on the German transmission network show that the proposed ML‐based selection process efficiently prevents the uncontrolled propagation of cascading failures and performs similarly to an ideal decision‐making process whilst being computationally three orders of magnitude faster.
Design process of high‐frequency inductor with multiple air‐gaps in the dimensional limitation
Authors: Liao Hsuan , Chen Jiann‐Fuh
Published: October 2021

To find the optimal magnetic components designing process within the dimensional limitation, different inductor arrangements are developed. Different combinations of air‐gaps and material arrangements are used within the limited bobbin space to improve the saturation current capacity within the already set dimension. In this study, the mechanism requirement set at 1U height is the limitation. There are two center‐pole material cores, and air‐gap distribution arrangement in the magnetic components. The saturation current value, magnetic flux density, flux fringing, and power loss of inductors are investigated with simulation, equation calculation and actual circuit measurement. The magnetic distribution affects the inductor performance because of the different relative permeability values, skin effect, proximity effect, and fringing effect. This research uses equations to find the magnetic flux density and the fringing magnetic flux, and uses Comsol Multiphysics® software to simulate the magnetic field. A 500 W boost power factor corrections (PFC) converter topology is used as an example experiment to compare and verify the inductors selected with proposed design methodology. Finally, the most appropriate core is chosen to implement the two‐stage AC/DC power supply products to improve the power supply performance.
Prevalência de variações anatômicas encontradas em pacientes com síndrome do túnel do carpo submetidos a liberação cirúrgica por via aberta clássica
Authors: Pimentel Victor Spirandelli , Artoni Bruna Borsari , Faloppa Flavio , Belloti João Carlos , Tamaoki Marcel Jun Sugawara , Pimentel Benedito Felipe Rabay
Published: October 2021

Objetivo Avaliar a prevalência de variações anatômicas encontradas em pacientes com síndrome do túnel do carpo submetidos a liberação cirúrgica por via aberta clássica.

Métodos Foram incluídos um total de 115 pacientes com alta probabilidade de diagnóstico clínico de síndrome do túnel do carpo, com indicação para o tratamento cirúrgico. Estes pacientes realizaram eletroneuromiografia e ultrassonografia para confirmação diagnóstica. Foram submetidos ao tratamento cirúrgico por via aberta clássica, no qual foi realizado um inventário completo da ferida operatória na busca e visualização de variações anatômicas intra e extra túnel do carpo.

Resultados A prevalência total das variações anatômicas intra e extra túnel do carpo encontradas neste estudo foi de 63,5% (intervalo de confiança [IC]95%: 54,5–72,4%). A prevalência do músculo transverso do carpo foi de 57,4% (IC95%: 47,8–66,6%), do nervo mediano bífido associado à artéria mediana persistente foi de 1,7% (IC95%: 0,0–4,2%) e do nervo mediano bífido associado à artéria mediana persistente e ao músculo transverso do carpo foi de 1,7% (IC95%: 0,0–4,2%).

Conclusão A variação anatômica extra túnel do carpo mais prevalente foi o músculo transverso do carpo e a variação anatômica intra túnel do carpo mais prevalente foi o nervo mediano bífido associado à artéria mediana persistente. O achado cirúrgico de uma variação anatômica extra túnel do carpo, como o músculo transverso do carpo, pode nos indicar a presença de outras variações anatômicas intra túnel do carpo associadas, como nervo mediano bífido, artéria mediana persistente e variações anatômicas do ramo recorrente do nervo mediano.
Fratura irredutível do colo do metacarpo devido a interposição dos tendões extensores
Authors: Krishna Sathya Vamsi , Kumbar Rajendra , Kura Sagar Vishwanath , De Soumen Das
Published: October 2021

Um jovem do sexo masculino com 15 anos de idade apresentou múltiplas fraturas da mão direita, incluindo fratura do colo do quinto metacarpo com grande angulação. As múltiplas tentativas de redução fechada falharam, sendo então realizada a redução aberta. Foi encontrado durante a cirurgia o tendão extensor interposto dentro da fratura, impedindo desta forma a redução fechada. O tendão foi liberado do sítio da fratura, de modo que foi obtida a redução adequada e a fratura foi estabilizada com fios de Kirschner. A fratura foi bem consolidada, com um bom retorno do movimento e da força. A interposição do tendão extensor é um cenário raro associado a fraturas do colo metacárpico, devendo se suspeitar dela quando houver perda completa de contato entre as extremidades da fratura e as várias tentativas de redução fechada falharem.
Does Growth Stunting Correlate with Oral Health in Children?: A Systematic Review
Authors: Sadida Zayyana Jasmine , Indriyanti Ratna , Setiawan Arlette Suzy
Published: October 2021

Growth stunting is when children tend to be shorter than their peers through the World Health Organization child growth standard measurement. The condition may affect the development of the brain and other parts of the body, including the oral cavity, which manifests in oral hygiene and overall oral health. This systematic approach literature study aimed to evaluate the correlation between growth stunting and oral health in children. This study was conducted by using a literature review method with a systematic approach by searching for articles related to research topics on PubMed and Google Scholar. The search was adjusted to the inclusion category, which is research that discusses malnutrition and oral health published between 2010 and 2020—research conducted on boys and girls—from birth to 18 years. The exclusion categories used were articles that did not discuss growth stunting and oral health, and grey literature was excluded. The selection of articles was carried out by using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) approach and resulted in 10 selected articles with details as follows: the correlation between growth stunting and oral health in three articles. A high plaque index in growth stunting children was found in two articles, and a decrease in saliva composition in growth stunting children was also found in two articles. Four articles showed a relationship between growth stunting and salivary flow rate. Lastly, one article showed the relationship between growth stunting and the incidence of dental caries. Despite the limitation of the review, the correlation between growth stunting and overall oral health in children can be seen through the oral hygiene index as moderate to low, high plaque index, decreased salivary flow rate, salivary composition, and dental caries in children with growth stunting.
Artroplastia total do quadril não cimentada em pacientes com osteoartrose secundária à doença de Legg-Calvé-Perthes em comparação com a osteoartrose primária: Um estudo caso-controle
Authors: Sansanovicz Dennis , Croci Alberto Tesconi , Vicente José Ricardo Negreiros , Ejnisman Leandro , Miyahara Helder de Souza , Gurgel Henrique de Melo Campos
Published: October 2021

Objetivo Realizar uma avaliação clínica, funcional e radiográfica comparativa da artroplastia total do quadril (ATQ) realizada com prótese não cimentada em casos de osteoartrose secundária à doença de Legg-Calvé-Perthes (DLCP) e em casos de osteoartrose primária.

Métodos No presente estudo caso-controle, foram revisados os prontuários dos pacientes internados em um hospital universitário entre os anos de 2008 e 2015. Os pacientes foram submetidos a ATQ devido a sequelas da DLCP, sendo comparados com um grupo controle de pacientes submetidos à mesma cirurgia por osteoartrose primária do quadril. Os pacientes foram recrutados para a realização de uma análise clínica, funcional e radiográfica, na qual foram comparadas as avaliações no pós-operatório imediato e na última consulta de acompanhamento, levando em consideração o tempo cirúrgico, o tamanho dos componentes protéticos e as complicações.

Resultados Comparamos 22 pacientes do grupo de estudo (25 quadris) com 22 pacientes (25 quadris) do grupo controle, todos os quais foram submetidos a ATQ com a mesma prótese não cimentada. Houve um maior comprometimento funcional no grupo de pacientes com sequelas da DLCP (p = 0,002). Ocorreram 4 fraturas periprotéticas femorais no intraoperatório do grupo DLCP, sendo que não ocorreu nenhuma no grupo de osteoartrose primária (p = 0,050).

Conclusões Existe um risco elevado de fratura periprotética femoral no intraoperatório com resultados clínico-funcionais mais desfavoráveis aos pacientes que foram submetidos à ATQ não cimentada devido a osteoartrose secundária às sequelas da DLCP do que naqueles que foram submetidos à mesma cirurgia por osteoartrose primária de quadril.
Poroma écrino associado a um hidradenoma poroide devido a coexistência de uma grande massa sobre o pé: Relato de caso
Authors: Nishikawa Danilo Ryuko Cândido , Silva Ana Caroline Leite da , Yano Marcos Yoshio , Miranda Bruno Rodrigues de , Chung Wu Tu
Published: October 2021

O poroma écrino e o hidradenoma poroide são neoplasias poroides benignas raras, derivadas das glândulas sudoríparas écrinas. Existem quatro tipos de neoplasias poroides, conforme a posição na camada da pele, sendo denominadas hidroacantoma simples, poroma écrino, tumor do ducto dérmico e hidradenoma poroide. As neoplasias poroides geralmente surgem como uma lesão solitária, com crescimento lento, podendo apresentar diferentes apresentações clínicas, como massa sobre o pé, lesão ulcerada, cisto sólido, lesão hemorrágica ou suspeita de melanoma. As extremidades são os sítios mais comuns, especialmente as mãos e os pés. No entanto, a coexistência desses dois tumores em uma única lesão é extremamente rara. A excisão cirúrgica representa o principal tratamento, podendo ser curativa, prevenindo assim as alterações malignas e as recidivas. Descrevemos um raro tumor solitário no pé com características clínicas e histopatológicas de uma associação de poroma écrino e hidradenoma poroide tratado cirurgicamente sem recidiva no acompanhamento de médio prazo.

Nível de Evidência IV, Relato de Caso.
Detecção de microrganismos em dispositivos ortopédicos sonicados clínicos usando cultura convencional e qPCR
Authors: Ribeiro Victoria Stadler Tasca , Cieslinski Juliette , Bertol Julia , Schumacher Ana Laura , Telles João Paulo , Tuon Felipe Francisco
Published: October 2021

Objetivo Avaliar a sensibilidade e a especificidade da reação em cadeia de polimerase em tempo real quantitativa (quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, qPCR, em inglês) para a triagem do gene rDNA 16S, com a utilização do fluido sonicado de implantes ortopédicos.

Métodos Um estudo retrospectivo foi realizado em 73 fluidos sonicados obtidos de pacientes com infecção associada aos implantes ortopédicos. As amostras foram submetidas a cultura convencional e a teste molecular utilizando ionização e dessorção a laser assistida por matriz com espectrometria de massa por tempo de voo (matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry, MALDI-TOF MS, em inglês) e qPCR para o gene rDNA 16S. Os valores limiares do ciclo foram usados para definir um ponto de corte para a qPCR do gene rDNA 16S para culturas negativas e positivas.

Resultados Não foram observadas diferenças estatísticas entre os grupos de cultura positiva e negativa com base no tempo desde a primeira cirurgia até a infecção (p = 0,958), na idade (p = 0,269), ou nas comorbidades em geral. No entanto, uma diferença estatística foi encontrada entre a duração média do uso de antibióticos antes da remoção do dispositivo (3,41 versus 0,94; p = 0,016). O DNA bacteriano foi identificado em todas as amostras dos fluidos sonicados. Os limiares do ciclo médio de culturas positivas e negativas foram de 25,6 e 27,3, respectivamente (p < 0,001). Como uma ferramenta de diagnóstico, um corte do limite do ciclo de 26,89 demonstrou uma área sob a curva da característica de operação do receptor de 0,877 (p ≤ 0,001).

Conclusão A presença de agentes antimicrobianos por mais de 72 horas diminuiu a positividade da cultura, mas não influenciou os resultados da qPCR. Apesar disso, a amplificação do rDNA 16S pode sobrestimar o diagnóstico de infecção.
Isolated Ascending Colon Varix: An Unusual Cause of Lower Gastrointestinal Bleed
Authors: Dhar Jahnvi , Samanta Jayanta , Muktesh Gaurav , Kochhar Rakesh
Published: October 2021

Ectopic varices, defined as dilated portosystemic veins located at unusual sites other than the gastroesophageal junction and fundus, have been reported in cases of cirrhosis with underlying portal hypertension. The common sites usually are the rectum and duodenum. Isolated colon varix is therefore a rare phenomenon and such varix presenting with lower gastrointestinal bleed as the first manifestation is still uncommon. A high index of clinical suspicion, timely imaging with full-length colonoscopy, and subsequent endoscopic therapy can effectively manage this rare entity.
Comparative Evaluation of Resin Dentin Interface using Universal and Total- Etch Adhesive Systems on Sound and Eroded Dentin: In Vitro Study
Authors: Kanniappan Ghayathri , Hari Padmini , Jujare Ravikanth H.
Published: October 2021

Objective This study aimed to compare the resin-dentin interface of sound and eroded dentin using universal and total-etch adhesive systems.

Materials and Methods Forty caries-free extracted human premolars were collected, and the occlusal surfaces were ground by using slow speed diamond disc with copious water supply until a flat superficial dentin was exposed. The test group underwent erosive cycle (n = 20), and another group (n = 20) was reserved for control group. Erosive protocol consisted of immersion in 1.23% citric acid for 1 minute every 12 hours and stored in artificial saliva. Both the control and eroded teeth were further subdivided (n = 10) for composite restoration by using either self-etch or total-etch systems. Then the tooth samples were sectioned longitudinally and observed under confocal laser scanning microscope at ×10 magnification to evaluate resin tag length and hybrid layer thickness.

Statistical Analysis The data obtained were analyzed by using independent t-test.

Results The highest mean value of the resin tag length and thickness of hybrid layer was observed with total-etch system in sound dentin group compared with other groups (p < 0.001).

Conclusion The resin-dentin interface of sound dentin was found to be better than eroded dentin by using total-etch system. The resin-dentin interface of eroded dentin was superior to sound dentin by using self-etch adhesive system.
Diabetic Hand Infections: Factors at Presentation Influencing Amputation and Number of Surgical Procedures
Authors: Ramkumar Sanjai , Periasamy Madhu , Bhardwaj Praveen , Bharathi R Ravindra , Mohan Monusha , Sabapathy S Raja
Published: October 2021

Background Diabetic hand infections are associated with significant morbidity and disability. Amputations cause permanent disability, and multiple surgical procedures lead to morbidity. Diabetic foot infections have been well-studied but literature on hand infections is limited. We undertook a retrospective study of patients with diabetic hand infections operated at our center to study the factors at presentation with significant association with amputation and number of surgical procedures.

Patients and Methods Demographic data of 51 patients was collected. The six parameters, namely, duration of diabetes, “onset of symptoms to presentation” interval, presence of comorbidities, HbA1c level, random blood sugar (RBS) levels at admission, and culture characteristics were selected for statistical analysis to find a relationship with the two outcome variables: number of procedures done and need for amputation.

Results On bivariate analysis, Gram-negative infection was found to have a significant relationship with the need for multiple of procedures (p = 0.014). The mean difference between the “onset of symptoms to presentation” interval between the amputation/non-amputation groups (2.9 days, p = 0.04) and the multiple procedures/non-multiple procedure groups (4.4 days, p = 0.02) was found to be statistically significant. Presence of comorbidities, long duration of diabetes, HbA1c, and RBS levels at admission did not show any statistically significant association with the two outcome variables studied.

Conclusion In the present study, we found that infection with Gram-negative organisms is significantly related to the need for multiple surgical procedures. A delay in presentation can influence the risk of amputation as well as multiple procedures. Institution of early appropriate care is important to get a good outcome.
Tratamento da braquimetatarsia por distração osteogênica com fixador externo monolateral
Authors: Machado Filho Adriano , Costa Gabriel Fonseca de Oliveira , Faria Aryell Assis dos Santos , Leão Gustavo Teixeira , Martins Jefferson Soares
Published: October 2021

Objetivo Descrever o perfil dos pacientes e os resultados obtidos com o uso de fixador externo para alongamento de metatarso em braquimetatarsia.

Métodos Foi realizada uma análise retrospectiva dos prontuários de pacientes com braquimetatarsia tratados entre janeiro de 2018 e abril de 2020. Durante este período, foram operados oito pés de seis pacientes. Foram coletadas e estimadas as frequências em relação a aspectos demográficos e cirúrgicos.

Resultados Todas as pacientes (100%; n = 6) eram do sexo feminino, com média de idade de 28 anos, variando de 15 a 48 anos, e motivadas a buscar o serviço de ortopedia em função da deformidade estética. O acometimento era bilateral em duas pacientes e unilateral em quatro pacientes. O tempo médio de alongamento foi de 22 dias ( ± 7,15; intervalo de confiança [IC] 95%: 19,04–26,81). A velocidade de alongamento foi de 0,5 mm/dia e o comprimento médio total do alongamento foi de 11,46 mm ( ± 3,57; IC95%: 9,52–13,40). Metade das pacientes (50%; n = 3) teve infecção local dos pinos e foi tratada com antibióticos; as demais não relataram nenhuma complicação pós-cirúrgica. As pacientes negaram dor ou calosidade após o procedimento cirúrgico e relataram satisfação com os resultados.

Conclusão Todas as pacientes eram do sexo feminino e buscaram a cirurgia para braquimetatarsia por motivos estéticos. A distração osteogênica a uma taxa de 0,5 mm/dia resultou em alongamento bem-sucedido do metatarso, com uma baixa frequência de complicações, bons resultados clínicos e alta satisfação das pacientes.
Internet Survey of Participant Demographics and Risk Factors for Injury in Competitive Agility Dogs
Authors: Evanow Jennifer A. , VanDeventer Gretchen , Dinallo Gina , Mann Sabine , Frye Christopher W. , Wakshlag Joseph J
Published: October 2021

Objective The aim of this study was to identify risk factors for an agility dog becoming injured during its career. We hypothesized that certain factors involved with the training, competition, age, sex, age of neuter, body condition, and management could be associated with the risk for injury.

Study Design The outcome of interest in this cross-sectional survey design was injury versus no injury, and an initial univariable analysis screening was performed. All variables with a p-value of less than 0.20 in univariable analysis were entered into a multivariable logistic regression model. Manual backward stepwise removal was performed until remaining variables had a p-value of less than 0.05.

Results Five-hundred responses were included in the analysis. In the final multivariable model adjusting for all other variables, breed, age, age at neuter, and level of competition remained associated with injury in the study population.

Conclusion These findings support existing literature on the predispositions for injury with certain breeds and competition level. Our study further suggests, however, that there is a need to better understand how health decisions earlier in life may affect the prevalence for injury in the agility competitor, particularly regarding age at neutering and age of the competitor.
Article Commentary: Increasing Evidence-Based Substance use Interventions Globally: The National Institute on Drug Abuse Postdoctoral Fellowships
Authors: Gust Steven W. , McCormally Judy , Park Nei-Hyun
Published: October 2021

As of April 2020, 121 individuals from 47 nations had completed 124 NIDA International Program INVEST Drug Abuse Research Fellowships. This is the first comprehensive effort to assess the fellowships from the combined perspectives of career outcomes, migration patterns, publications, cost per publication, and funding. We searched electronic sources such as university websites, ResearchGate, LinkedIn, PubMed, and NIH databases to find current curriculum vitae, journal articles published in 2018 and 2019, and funding records. We found electronic records for 94.2% of former NIDA INVEST fellows ( n = 114); 55.5% were male ( n = 67). The majority are at least partially involved in addiction research, prevention, or treatment (85.9%; n = 98), primarily at academic institutions (73.7%, n = 84) as faculty members (65.8%, n = 75) conducting research (86%, n = 98). Nearly three-fourths (74.6%, n = 85) are still working in their home countries; and 74.6% ( n = 85) coauthored at least one research article indexed in PubMed during 2018 or 2019. Of the 656 unique research articles, 52.4% ( n = 344) were published by multinational groups. The average cost to NIDA for each peer-reviewed publication was $19,677. More than half (53.5%, n = 61) of the fellows received funding through 431 unique grants—led by NIDA (55), other NIH Institutes and Centers (57) and other U.S. funders (55). Using the measures of career outcomes, migration patterns, publications, cost per publication, and funding INVEST fellowships are cost-effective mechanisms to advance scientific knowledge, build addiction research capacity, foster international cooperation, and promote adoption of evidence-based addiction policies and interventions around the world.
Childhood Trauma and the Severity of past Suicide Attempts in Outpatients with Cocaine use Disorders
Authors: Icick Romain , Karsinti Emily , Brousse Georges , Chrétienneau Clara , Trabut Jean-Baptiste , Belforte Beatriz , Coeuru Philippe , Moisan Delphine , Deschenau Alice , Cottencin Olivier , Gay Aurélia , Lack Philippe , Pelissier-Alicot Anne-Laure , Dupuy Gaël , Fortias Maeva , Etain Bruno , Lépine Jean-Pierre , Laplanche Jean-Louis , Bellivier Frank , Vorspan Florence , Bloch Vanessa
Published: October 2021

Introduction: Suicide attempts have been associated with both cocaine use disorder (CocUD) and childhood trauma. We investigated how childhood trauma is an independent risk factor for serious and recurrent suicide attempts in CocUD. Method: 298 outpatients (23% women) with CocUD underwent standardized assessments of substance dependence (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual—mental disorders, fourth edition, text revised), impulsiveness, resilience, and childhood trauma, using validated tools. Suicide attempts history was categorized as single vs. recurrent or non-serious vs. serious depending on the lifetime number of suicide attempts and the potential or actual lethality of the worst attempt reported, respectively. Bivariate and multinomial regression analyses were used to characterize which childhood trauma patterns were associated with the suicide attempts groups. Results: 58% of CocUD patients reported childhood trauma. Recurrent and serious suicide attempts clustered together and were thus combined into “severe SA.” Severe suicide attempt risk increased proportionally to the number of childhood traumas (test for trend, p = 9 × 10−7). Non-severe suicide attempt risk increased with impulsiveness and decreased with resilience. In multinomial regression models, a higher number of traumas and emotional abuse were independently and only associated with severe vs. non-severe suicide attempts (effect size = 0.82, AUC = 0.7). The study was limited by its cross-sectional design. Conclusion: These preferential associations between childhood trauma and severe suicide attempts warrant specific monitoring of suicide attempts risk in CocUD, regardless of the severity of addiction profiles.
Variational Quantum Algorithms for the Steady States of Open Quantum Systems
Authors: Liu Huan-Yu , Sun Tai-Ping , Wu Yu-Chun , Guo Guo-Ping
Published: October 2021

The solutions of the problems related to open quantum systems have attracted considerable interest. We propose a variational quantum algorithm to find the steady state of open quantum systems. In this algorithm, we employ parameterized quantum circuits to prepare the purification of the steady state and define the cost function based on the Lindblad master equation, which can be efficiently evaluated with quantum circuits. We then optimize the parameters of the quantum circuit to find the steady state. Numerical simulations are performed on the one-dimensional transverse field Ising model with dissipative channels. The result shows that the fidelity between the optimal mixed state and the true steady state is over 99%. This algorithm is derived from the natural idea of expressing mixed states with purification and it provides a reference for the study of open quantum systems.
Propagation Characteristics of Exponential-Cosine Gaussian Vortex Beams
Authors: Tong Xin , Zhao Daomu
Published: October 2021

We propose a controllable exponential-Cosine Gaussian vortex (ECGV) beam, which can evolve into the different beam profiles with three parameters: distance modulation factor (DMF), split modulation factor (SMF) and rotation modulation factor (RMF). When SMF is 0, the ECGV beam appears as a perfect single-ring vortex beam and the ring radius can be adjusted by the DMF. We deduce from mathematics and give the reason for the single-ring characteristics. When SMF is not 0, the beam splits symmetrically. DMF, SMF and RMF control the number, distance and rotation angle of the split, respectively. Our experiments verify the correctness of the theory.
Superconductivity in Shear Strained Semiconductors
Authors: Liu Chang , Song Xianqi , Li Quan , Ma Yanming , Chen Changfeng
Published: October 2021

Semiconductivity and superconductivity are remarkable quantum phenomena that have immense impact on science and technology, and materials that can be tuned, usually by pressure or doping, to host both types of quantum states are of great fundamental and practical significance. Here we show by first-principles calculations a distinct route for tuning semiconductors into superconductors by diverse large-range elastic shear strains, as demonstrated in exemplary cases of silicon and silicon carbide. Analysis of strain driven evolution of bonding structure, electronic states, lattice vibration, and electron-phonon coupling unveils robust pervading deformation induced mechanisms auspicious for modulating semiconducting and superconducting states under versatile material conditions. This finding opens vast untapped structural configurations for rational exploration of tunable emergence and transition of these intricate quantum phenomena in a broad range of materials.
Narrow Waveguide Based on Ferroelectric Domain Wall
Authors: Chen Gongzheng , Lan Jin , Min Tai , Xiao Jiang
Published: October 2021

Ferroelectric materials are spontaneous symmetry breaking systems that are characterized by ordered electric polarizations. Similar to its ferromagnetic counterpart, a ferroelectric domain wall can be regarded as a soft interface separating two different ferroelectric domains. Here we show that two bound state excitations of electric polarization (polar wave), or the vibration and breathing modes, can be hosted and propagate within the ferroelectric domain wall. In particular, the vibration polar wave has zero frequency gap, thus is constricted deeply inside ferroelectric domain wall, and can even propagate in the presence of local pinnings. The ferroelectric domain wall waveguide as demonstrated here offers a new paradigm in developing ferroelectric information processing units.
Ferroelectric Controlled Spin Texture in Two-Dimensional NbOI2 Monolayer
Authors: Ye Qian , Shen Yu-Hao , Duan Chun-Gang
Published: October 2021

The persistent spin helix (PSH) system is considered to have promising applications in energy-conservation spintronics because it supports an extraordinarily long spin lifetime of carriers. Here, we predict that the existence of PSH state in two-dimensional (2D) ferroelectric NbOI2 monolayers. Our first-principles calculation results show that there exists Dresselhaus-type spin-orbit coupling (SOC) band splitting near the conduction-band minimum (CBM) of the NbOI2 monolayer. It is revealed that the spin splitting near CBM merely refers to out-of-plane spin configuration in the wave vector space, which gives rise to a long-lived PSH state that can be controlled by reversible ferroelectric polarization. We believe that the coupling characteristics of ferroelectric polarization and spin texture in NbOI2 provide a platform for the realization of fully electric controlled spintronic devices.
Effect of Fluorine Substitution on the Electrochemical Property and Structural Stability of a Lithium-Excess Cation Disordered Rock-Salt Cathode
Authors: Li Panpan , Feng Zhijie , Cheng Tao , Lyu Yingchun , Guo Bingkun
Published: October 2021

Lithium-excess cation disordered rock-salt materials have received much attention because of their high-capacity as a candidate for cathodes for lithium-ion batteries. The ultra-high specific capacity comes from the coordinated charge compensation of both transition metal and lattice oxygen. However, the oxygen redox at high voltage usually leads to irreversible oxygen release, thereby degrading the structure stability and electrochemical performance. Lithium-excess Li1.14Ni0.57+0.5 x
Ti0.19 – 0.5 x
Mo0.10O2 – x
F
x
(x = 0, 0.05, 0.10, 0.15, and 0.20) with different amounts of fluorine substitution were synthesized. Among them, Li1.14Ni0.620Ti0.140Mo0.10O1.85F0.15 exhibits a lower capacity decline, better rate performance, and lower structure damage. The effects of fluorine substitution on the electrochemical property and structural stability were systematic studied by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and in situ XRD etc. Results show that fluorine substitution reduces the average valence of the anion, allowing a larger proportion of low-valent redox active transition metals, increasing the transition metal redox capacity, inhibiting irreversible oxygen release and side reaction. Fluorine substitution further improves the structural stability and suppresses lattice deformation of the material.
Detrusor overactivity assessment using ultrasound bladder vibrometry
Authors: Rosen David P , Husmann Douglas A , Mynderse Lance A , Kelly Troy F , Alizad Azra , Fatemi Mostafa
Published: October 2021

Objective. Detrusor overactivity (DO) is a urodynamic observation characterized by fluctuations in detrusor pressure (P
det) of the bladder. Although detecting DO is important for the management of bladder symptoms, the invasive nature of urodynamic studies (UDS) makes it a source of discomfort and morbidity for patients. Ultrasound bladder vibrometry (UBV) could provide a direct and noninvasive means of detecting DO, due to its sensitivity to changes in elasticity and load in the bladder wall. In this study, we investigated the feasibility and applying UBV toward detecting DO. Approach. UBV and urodynamic study (UDS) measurements were collected in 76 neurogenic bladder patients (23 with DO). Timestamped group velocity squared (

c

g

2

) data series were collected from UBV measurements. Concurrent P
det data series were identically analyzed for comparison and validation. A processing approach is developed to separate transient fluctuations in the data series from the larger trend of the data and a DO index is proposed for characterizing the transient peaks observed in the data. Main Results. Applying the DO index as a classifier for DO produced sensitivities and specificities of 0.70 and 0.75 for

c

g

2

data series and 0.70 and 0.83 for P
det data series respectively. Significance. It was found that DO can be feasibly detected from data series of timestamped UBV measurements. Collectively, these initial results are promising, and further refinement to the UBV measurement process is likely to improve and clarify its capabilities for noninvasive detection of DO.