bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ultra-short polarization beam splitter based on rhombic structure dual-core photonic crystal fiber with a central hole filled nematic liquid crystal
Authors: Xu Yanan , Yuan Jinhui , Qu Yuwei , Qiu Shi , Zhou Xian , Yan Binbin , Wang Kuiru , Sang Xinzhu , Yu Chongxiu
Published: December 2022

In this paper, an ultra-short polarization beam splitter (PBS) based on a rhombic structure dual-core photonic crystal fiber (RS-DC-PCF) with a central hole filled nematic liquid crystal (NLC) is proposed. For the RS-DC-PCF, the air holes of different sizes are arranged in a rhombic lattice, and the NLC (E7) is introduced to enhance the birefringence. The full vector–finite element method is used to investigate the coupling and propagation characteristics of the PBS. Moreover, the effects of different structure parameters on the coupling lengths (

C
L

x

,

C
L

y

) and coupling length ratio in the

x

-polarization and

y

-polarization directions and the preparation tolerances of different air hole diameters are investigated. And the effects of the temperature and molecule angle of the NLC (E7) on the extinction ratio (ER) are also analyzed. The simulation results show that the ultra-short splitting length of the optimized RS-DC-PCF PBS is 58 µm, the ER is higher than 20 dB in the wavelength range of 1.306 to 1.641 µm, and the bandwidth is up to 335 nm, covering most of the

O

+

E

+

S

+

C

+

L

communication bands.
Interface mode between gyroelectric and hyperbolic media
Authors: Provenzano Daniele B. , la Rocca Giuseppe C.
Published: December 2022

We report the prediction of a type of electromagnetic surface wave that propagates at the interface between a gyroelectric material and a hyperbolic medium. By solving Maxwell’s equations, the existence conditions of this surface mode are discussed as determined by the medium parameters, working frequency, and direction of the principal axes of the hyperbolic medium. As one would expect, gyrotropy gives non-reciprocal features to these waves, such as the asymmetry between forward and backward propagations. We show that the field distribution of the new wave resembles the Zenneck wave, albeit in the present case, material losses are not required. Finally, we analyze a realistic configuration that supports the surface modes here predicted and allows for their excitation.
Mechanical properties of the particle associated with the Laguerre–Gauss beams via the quantum potential point of view
Authors: Silva-Ortigoza Gilberto , Ortiz-Flores Jessica , Sosa-Sánchez Citlalli Teresa , Silva-Ortigoza Ramón
Published: December 2022

The aim of the present work is to show that the Laguerre–Gauss beams determine a Hamiltonian system with two degrees of freedom for a particle of mass

m
=
1

under the action of the quantum potential determined by these beams. We show that the integral curves of the Poynting vector constitute a particular subset of solutions to the corresponding Hamilton equations and that the geometrical light rays associated with these twisted beams turn out to be the tangent straight lines to the exact optics energy trajectories at the zeroes of the quantum potential. By using the Hamiltonian formulation, we determine the velocity, the linear momentum, the angular momentum, the torque, and the areal velocity characterizing the particle associated with the Laguerre–Gauss beams.
Silicon modulator based on omni junctions by effective 3D Monte-Carlo method
Authors: Zhu Zijian , Zhao Yingxuan , Huang Haiyang , Li Yang , She Xiaojuan , Zhu Junbo , Liao Han , Liu Xiang , Huang Rui , Liu Hongbao , Sheng Zhen , Gan Fuwan
Published: December 2022

3D doping structure has significant advantages in modulation efficiency and loss compared with 2D modulator doping profiles. However, to the best of our knowledge, previous work on 3D simulation methods for interdigitated doping designs applied simplified models, which prohibited complex 3D doping. In this work, innovative omni junctions, based on the effective 3D Monte-Carlo method, are believed to be the first proposed for high-performance modulators. Simulation results show that the modulation efficiency reaches 0.88 V·cm, while the loss is only 16 dB/cm, with capacitance below 0.42 pF/mm. This work provides a modulator design with superior modulation efficiency and serviceability for high-speed datacom.
Single-pixel optical modulation analyzer based on phase retrieval for dual-polarization IQ modulators
Authors: Yoshida Yuki , Yoshida Setsuo , Oda Shoichiro , Hoshida Takeshi , Yamamoto Naokatsu , Kanno Atsushi
Published: December 2022

In-service monitoring and adaptive digital compensation of analog imperfections in optical transponders are vital in the next-generation optical coherent transmission systems employing extremely high-order, high-speed modulation formats. A notable example of such analog impairments is the imbalance of amplitude, phase, and/or timing between the in-phase (I) and quadrature (Q) tributaries in an optical IQ modulator, namely the IQ imbalance. Recently, an IQ-imbalance estimation technique based on phase retrieval without using a coherent receiver, the so-called single-pixel optical modulation analyzer (SP-OMA), has been proposed as an affordable in-service monitoring solution for the frequency-dependent IQ imbalance in a (single-polarization) IQ modulator. In this work, we extend the concept of the SP-OMA to dual-polarization IQ modulators. A novel phase retrieval algorithm with an alternating minimization procedure is proposed for identifying the frequency-dependent IQ imbalances on both polarization channels simultaneously from a single photodetector output. The validity and feasibility of the proposed SP-OMA for a dual-polarization IQ modulator are demonstrated numerically and experimentally with a 63.25-Gbaud DP-16QAM signal.
Phase estimation at the point-ahead angle for AO pre-compensated ground to GEO satellite telecoms
Authors: Lognoné Perrine , Conan Jean-Marc , Rekaya Ghaya , Védrenne Nicolas
Published: December 2022

We present a new method to estimate the off-axis adaptive optics pre-compensation phase of a ground to GEO satellite telecom link suffering from point-ahead anisoplanatism. The proposed phase estimator relies on the downlink phase and log-amplitude measurements that are available at the optical ground station. We introduce the analytical tools, extended from the literature, to build the estimator as well as a general modal formalism to express the reciprocal residual phase covariance matrix resulting from any estimation linear with measurements. We use this residual phase covariance matrix to generate independent coupled flux samples thanks to a pseudo-analytical approach and study the gain offered by the proposed estimator on the coupled flux statistics, in various atmospheric conditions. The estimator is shown to reduce the anisoplanatic residual phase variance by at least 35%, and 46% at best, with a greater impact on the lower modes, especially on the tip and tilt residual phase variances. The phase variance reduction brings a gain up to 15 dB on the cumulative density function at probability 10−3. This gain should allow to relax the power constraints on the link budget at the OGS and renews the interest in large aperture diameter (60 cm class telescopes) for GEO Feeder links by reducing the atmospheric turbulence impact on the uplink coupled signal.
Heralded and high-efficient entanglement concentrations based on linear optics assisted by time-delay degree of freedom
Authors: Jiang Gui-Long , Liu Wen-Qiang , Wei Hai-Rui
Published: December 2022

Entanglement concentration is a critical technique to prevent degraded fidelity and security in long-distance quantum communication. We propose novel practical entanglement concentration protocols (ECPs) for less-entangled Bell and Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger states with unknown parameters by solely using simple linear optics. We avoid the need for the post-selection principles or photon-number-resolving detectors to identify the parity-check measurement completely by orchestrating auxiliary time degree of freedom, and the success of ECPs is exactly heralded by the detection signatures without destroying the incident qubits. Additionally, the outting incident photons kept are in the maximally entangled or the less-entangled state, and the success probability can be increased by recycling the latter. The heralded and the basic linear optical elements make our practical ECPs are accessible to experimental investigation with current technology.
High-performance all-inorganic CsPbBr3 quantum dots with a low-threshold amplified spontaneous emission
Authors: Ning Shuya , Duan Fan , Zhang Naming , Dai Kang , He Jiajia , Liu Zhihui , Wang Shuo , Zhang Fanghui
Published: December 2022

All-inorganic halide perovskite CsPbX3(X = Br/Cl/I)quantum dots have gained a considerable attention in the optoelectronic fields. However, the high cost and poor stability of the prepared CsPbX3 quantum dots (QDs) are inevitable challenges for their future practical applications. And the high-performance CsPbX3 QDs are always needed. Herein, a facile and low-cost synthesis scheme was adopted to prepare the CsPbBr3 QDs modified by lead bromide (PbBr2) and tetraoctylammonium bromide (TOAB) ligands at room temperature in open air. The prepared CsPbBr3 QDs exhibited a high photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) of 96.6% and a low amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) threshold of 12.6 µJ/cm2. Stable ASE intensity with little degradation was also realized from the CsPbBr3 QDs doped with PMMA. Furthermore, the enhanced ASE properties of the CsPbBr3 QDs-doped PMMA based on distributed feedback (DFB) substrate was achieved with a lower threshold of 3.6 µJ/cm2, which is 28.6% of that of the (PbBr2 + TOAB)-treated CsPbBr3 QDs without PMMA. This work exhibits a promising potential in the on-chip light source.
High-performance cavity-dumped Q-switched Alexandrite laser CW diode-pumped in double-pass configuration
Authors: Unland S. , Kalms R. , Wessels P. , Kracht D. , Neumann J.
Published: December 2022

We present a high-performance Alexandrite laser for LIDAR applications with repetition rates up to 20 kHz in cavity-dumped Q-switched operation continuous-wave diode-pumped in the red spectral region. With a double-pass pump configuration, short pulses with 2.8 ns duration at repetition frequencies ranging from 1 kHz to 20 kHz could be demonstrated. At 5 kHz a – to our knowledge – record pulse energy of over 500 µJ could be achieved at 755 nm in TEM00. Furthermore, a stability measurement at an energy of around 350 µJ with 5 kHz showed no degradation over 150 Mega-shots. The influence of the crystal temperature on the laser performance is also investigated, first in continuous-wave and secondly in cavity-dumped Q-switched operation.
Quadratic spin Hall effect of light due to phase change
Authors: Cao Wei , Lu Qi , Zhou Xinxing , Shu Weixing
Published: December 2022

The spin Hall effect (SHE) of light has brought important applications, but the involved spin states only split in one direction. Here we employ an accurate three-dimensional model of light to show that the SHE generally exhibits quadratic spin splitting, i.e., both vertical and horizontal splitting, in the presence of a fast phase change of reflection. Further, we disclose that the two splittings are actually different from each other, and that they originate from the vertical and horizontal spin momentum flows, respectively, owing to the spatial gradient of polarization in the individual direction. Finally, it is found that by tuning the incident angle and polarization of light, one can manipulate the quadratic SHE so as to realize a variety of spin splittings, such as unbalanced quadratic splitting and off-center splitting of spin states.
Stability and learning in excitatory synapses by nonlinear inhibitory plasticity
Authors: Miehl Christoph , Gjorgjieva Julijana
Published: December 2022

Synaptic changes are hypothesized to underlie learning and memory formation in the brain. But Hebbian synaptic plasticity of excitatory synapses on its own is unstable, leading to either unlimited growth of synaptic strengths or silencing of neuronal activity without additional homeostatic mechanisms. To control excitatory synaptic strengths, we propose a novel form of synaptic plasticity at inhibitory synapses. Using computational modeling, we suggest two key features of inhibitory plasticity, dominance of inhibition over excitation and a nonlinear dependence on the firing rate of postsynaptic excitatory neurons whereby inhibitory synaptic strengths change with the same sign (potentiate or depress) as excitatory synaptic strengths. We demonstrate that the stable synaptic strengths realized by this novel inhibitory plasticity model affects excitatory/inhibitory weight ratios in agreement with experimental results. Applying a disinhibitory signal can gate plasticity and lead to the generation of receptive fields and strong bidirectional connectivity in a recurrent network. Hence, a novel form of nonlinear inhibitory plasticity can simultaneously stabilize excitatory synaptic strengths and enable learning upon disinhibition.
Novel estimates reveal subnational heterogeneities in disease-relevant contact patterns in the United States
Authors: Breen Casey F. , Mahmud Ayesha S. , Feehan Dennis M.
Published: December 2022

Population contact patterns fundamentally determine the spread of directly transmitted airborne pathogens such as SARS-CoV-2 and influenza. Reliable quantitative estimates of contact patterns are therefore critical to modeling and reducing the spread of directly transmitted infectious diseases and to assessing the effectiveness of interventions intended to limit risky contacts. While many countries have used surveys and contact diaries to collect national-level contact data, local-level estimates of age-specific contact patterns remain rare. Yet, these local-level data are critical since disease dynamics and public health policy typically vary by geography. To overcome this challenge, we introduce a flexible model that can estimate age-specific contact patterns at the subnational level by combining national-level interpersonal contact data with other locality-specific data sources using multilevel regression with poststratification (MRP). We estimate daily contact matrices for all 50 US states and Washington DC from April 2020 to May 2021 using national contact data from the US. Our results reveal important state-level heterogeneities in levels and trends of contacts across the US over the course of the COVID-19 pandemic, with implications for the spread of respiratory diseases.
Reproducibility of deep learning in digital pathology whole slide image analysis
Authors: Fell Christina , Mohammadi Mahnaz , Morrison David , Arandjelovic Ognjen , Caie Peter , Harris-Birtill David
Published: December 2022

For a method to be widely adopted in medical research or clinical practice, it needs to be reproducible so that clinicians and regulators can have confidence in its use. Machine learning and deep learning have a particular set of challenges around reproducibility. Small differences in the settings or the data used for training a model can lead to large differences in the outcomes of experiments. In this work, three top-performing algorithms from the Camelyon grand challenges are reproduced using only information presented in the associated papers and the results are then compared to those reported. Seemingly minor details were found to be critical to performance and yet their importance is difficult to appreciate until the actual reproduction is attempted. We observed that authors generally describe the key technical aspects of their models well but fail to maintain the same reporting standards when it comes to data preprocessing which is essential to reproducibility. As an important contribution of the present study and its findings, we introduce a reproducibility checklist that tabulates information that needs to be reported in histopathology ML-based work in order to make it reproducible.
Knapping force as a function of stone heat treatment
Authors: Nickel Klaus G. , Schmidt Patrick
Published: December 2022

We propose a quantitative framework for understanding the knapping force requirements imposed by different raw materials in their unheated and heat-treated states. Our model interprets stone tool knapping as being the result of cracks formed during the first impact with a hammer stone, followed by continued stressing of these cracks that eventually leads to flake detachment. We combine bending strength, indentation fracture resistance and “Griffith” crack lengths of flint and silcrete to obtain functions identifying critical forces for flaking without or after heat treatment. We argue that these forces are a key factor for understanding the “knappability” of different raw materials, because only forces with 100N or less can be used for very precise strike control. Our model explains for the first time why experimental knappers frequently observe that flint (a stronger material, which, in our case, has a strength above 100 MPa) is easier to knap than silcretes (which is relatively weaker with strength values at or below 60 MPa). Our findings allow for understanding the differences between heat-treated and untreated flint and silcrete in terms of knapping quality, and they allow to compare the qualities of different raw materials.
Comparison and combination of gamified neurofeedback training and general behavioral training
Authors: Chang Ming , Yokota Yusuke , Ando Hideyuki , Maeda Taro , Naruse Yasushi
Published: December 2022

With the rapid development of the international community, foreign language learning has become increasingly important. Listening training is a particularly important component of foreign language learning. The most difficult aspect of listening training is the development of speech discrimination ability, which is crucial to speech perception. General behavioral training requires a substantial amount of time and attention. To address this, we previously developed a neurofeedback (NF) training system that enables unconscious learning of auditory discrimination. However, to our knowledge, no studies have compared NF training and general behavioral training. In the present study, we compared the learning effects of NF training, general behavioral training, and a combination of both strategies. Specifically, we developed a gamified and adapted NF training of auditory discrimination. We found that both NF training and general behavioral training enhanced behavioral performance, whereas only NF training elicited significant changes in brain activity. Furthermore, the participants that used both training methods exhibited the largest improvement in behavioral performance. This indicates that the combined use of NF and general behavioral training methods may be optimal for enhancing auditory discrimination ability when learning foreign languages.
Textual perspectives: Screenwriting styles, modes and languages
Authors: Turina Romana , Tremblay Gabrielle
Published: December 2022

While addressing the question of screenplay textuality, this Special Issue takes a close interest in the ‘media thickness’ of the screenplay in its textual form. In doing so, we wish to contribute to the exploration and affirmation of scenaristic processes as both cultural and intermedial practices, as in general, screenwriting and screenplays are indeed to be considered at the crossroads of different artistic, mediatic and social fields. This is a flexible editorial posture and assumed as such, one which above all aims to consider the constitutive plurality of given textual practices, not only in terms of conceptual and social anchoring, but also of styles, modes and languages.
Reginald Rose and the Journey of 12 Angry Men, Phil Rosenzweig (2021)
Authors: Welch Rosanne
Published: December 2022

Review of: Reginald Rose and the Journey of 12 Angry Men, Phil Rosenzweig (2021)

New York: Fordham University Press, 315 pp.,

ISBN 978-0-82329-774-0, h/bk, $18.96

ISBN 1531502962, p/bk, $19.99

ISBN 978-0-82329-774-0, e-book, $12.99
Feasibility of comics in health communication: Public responses to graphic medicine on Instagram during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Zhao Xin , Feigenbaum Anna , McDavitt Shannon
Published: December 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic has called for effective health communication strategies to better protect the public’s well-being, particularly over social media. Among various strategies, health-related comics, referred to as ‘graphic medicine’, were circulated on social media to communicate public health information and to share individuals’ struggles with mental health. Despite a growing body of research in the field of graphic medicine, studies on public responses to graphic medicine are rare, leaving a gap in understanding the feasibility of these comics for effective health communication over social media. To address this gap, this study focused on Instagram audience responses to graphic medicine posts related to the COVID-19 pandemic that were circulated on the platform. It used qualitative content analysis to study 334 comments on eleven comics related to mental health and 159 comments on ten comics related to vaccination. Findings evidence the feasibility of graphic medicine as a tool for health communication relating to showing empathy, contributing personal experiences and knowledge and understanding and elaborating on health-related knowledge, what we refer to as ‘health literacy’. Empirical implications of health communication through graphic medicine are discussed alongside the similarities and differences found in the comments relating to these two distinct COVID-19 issues.
Shooting from the hip or taking careful aim? Developing the VISTA analytic framework comparing English and Scottish visual campaigns for self-protective behaviour throughout the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Diers-Lawson Audra , Omondi Grace , Hillier Sophie Louise
Published: December 2022

To address the dearth of research in visual pandemic communication, this paper proposes the VISTA framework drawing together research from visual communication, persuasion, crisis communication, and health communication to propose that effective health crisis response includes minimizing visual complexity, using strong iconography and symbolism, and effective text to accompany the visual material. The framework was applied to a cross-national comparison of the English and Scottish governments’ COVID-19 pandemic response on Twitter finding that the framework’s application provides good evidence to explain the substantially worse health outcomes across the pandemic in England compared to Scotland. The authors argue the three critical lessons learned from this analysis are that governmental pandemic communication must: (1) use clear visual branding for its pandemic response; (2) combine effective visual and text-based messaging; and (3) keep pandemic messaging positive.
Bullying-a Lehen hezkuntzan: fenomenoaren nondik-norakoak, prebentzioa eta probentzioa
Authors: Zarraga Alazne , Seoane Olatz , Redondo Iratxe
Published: December 2022

Bullying-a azken urteotan indar handia hartu duen fenonemoa da, eta bere ondorioak maila guztietan suntsitzaileak dira. Lehen Hezkuntzako azken ikasturteetan hasi ohi den errealitatea izanik, ezinbestekoa da ahalik eta lasterren identifikatzea eta eskuhartzerako mekanismoak abian jartzea. Hortaz, artikulu honek bi helburu nagusi dauzka: alde batetik, fenomenoa testuinguruan jartzea eta deskribatzea, motak, parte-hartzaileak eta inplikatutako pertsona guztientzat dituen ondorioak azalduz. Bestetik, bullying-egoeretan ikastetxeetatik egin daitekeen esku-hartzeari ekitea. Horrela, bigarren helburu honen parte bezala, gaur egun ezagun eta erabilienak diren prebentzio-programak aurkezten dira, eta "probentzio" terminoa azaltzen da, kontuan hartu beharreko beste ikuspegi interesgarri eta berritzaile bat. Horrez gain, tutorearen rola nabarmentzen da; izan ere, tutorearen jarrera eta inplikazioa funtsezkoak dira, bai bilakaerari dagokionez, bai egoera horiei irtenbidea emateko moduari begira.
El éxito de los vídeos en YouTube. Un estudio de los factores clave en los contenidos de moda y belleza.
Authors: Moldovan Denisa Marina , Izquierdo Castillo Jéssica
Published: December 2022

YouTube se ha convertido en un medio de gran consumo que ha favorecido la creación de nuevas formas de contenido y el nacimiento de celebridades con gran influencia. El presente estudio analiza el contenido de las principales youtubers de moda y belleza de España con el objetivo de identificar las claves vinculadas a su éxito. Los resultados apuntan una combinación de factores como la actividad, comunicación, técnica, estilo y creatividad. A estos factores, la investigación añade como determinantes la exposición de la vida privada, el juego con las expectativas y el refuerzo del contenido con la colaboración de otras personalidades destacadas en YouTube.
La regulación europea, banda ancha móvil (5G…), nueva iconosfera audiovisual y actualización del Servicio Público Audiovisual en Cataluña
Authors: Marín i Otto Enric , Fortuny i Batalla Jordi
Published: December 2022

El artículo formula una propuesta de modelo teórico susceptible de ser aplicado al Servicio Público Audiovisual (SPA) de Cataluña, para actualizarlo de acuerdo con los retos que deberá afrontar en los próximos años. Dicha propuesta es resultado del análisis sobre las transformaciones en el sector audiovisual, el despliegue de las telecomunicaciones, el impacto de las nuevas directivas europeas y los organigramas de las radiotelevisiones públicas europeas parecidas a la Corporació Catalana de Mitjans Audiovisuals (CCMA), con el fin de identificar las soluciones más eficientes a la hora de organizar el SPA. También analiza el rejuvenecimiento de la plantilla de trabajadores y la financiación necesaria para desempeñar la misión de servicio público.
La cultura de la ciudad conectada en la pospandemia e impactos previsibles de la ley general de comunicación audiovisual
Authors: Zallo Elguezabal Ramón
Published: December 2022

Los territorios y ciudades como lugares de vida conectados necesitan de políticas que compensen la irradiación comunicativa externa y refuercen su producción propia y abierta. La nueva Ley General de Comunicación Audiovisual (2022) española es un obstáculo en esa dirección, al reducir al mínimo las obligaciones de plataformas transnacionales y del triopolio televisivo español, en relación al pluralismo, la diversidad cultural y lingüística y la gobernanza democrática.
Influence of type 2 sodium-glucose co-transporter inhibitors (dapagliflozin) on the indicators of total mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes (CARDIA-MOS study, Moscow)
Authors: Antsiferov M. B. , Demidov N. A. , Balberova M. A. , Lobanova O. V. , Mudrikova I. G. , Gusenbekova D. G.
Published: December 2022

BACKGROUND: The widespread use in clinical practice of drugs with cardio- and nephroprotective properties, in particular, sodium-glucose cotransporter type 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i), is based on the results of large-scale international randomized trials. Meanwhile, there are no data demonstrating the possibility of the influence of these drugs on mortality rates in real clinical practice in Russian patients. To study this issue, a CARDIA-MOS study was conducted on a population of patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) in Moscow.

AIM: To study the effect of SGLT2i on the total mortality of patients with T2DM in Moscow.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: To assess the frequency of different outcomes, two samples of patients were formed according to predetermined criteria: 1) patients who started therapy with SGLT2i (dapagliflozin) in 2017; 2) a control group of patients corresponding to the main group in terms of key indicators: age, duration of T2DM, presence of cardiovascular diseases, use of insulin therapy, HbA1c level.

RESULTS: Firstly, an analysis of the data of 499 patients who started treatment with dapagliflozin in 2017, as well as 499 patients in the control group (n = 998) was made. The baseline characteristics of the patients were generally comparable. Pre-study SBP and HbA1c were worse in the dapagliflozin group. The use of dapagliflozin was associated with a 39% reduction in the relative risk of death from all causes (RR 0.614, 95% CI 0.417–0.903, p = 0.013), led to a decrease in HbA1c levels by 0.8% (from 8.5 to 7.7%, p<0.001) for 48 months. observations. The safety profile of dapagliflozin was comparable to that of the control group

CONCLUSION: The use of dapagliflozin in the treatment of patients with T2DM can reduce overall mortality and improve glycemic control.
Chronic kidney disease in patients with type 2 diabetes: new targets of medicine action
Authors: Trubitsyna N. P. , Zaitseva N. V. , Severinа A. S. , Shamkhalova M. S.
Published: December 2022

Diabetes mellitus type 2 (DM2) is socially important disease, becoming non-infectious epidemic due to increasing prevalence. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is one of the most common diabetic complications. Kidney injury signs and/or estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) decrease are seen in 40-50% of patients with DM2. Three groups of factors are considered to be the basis of CKD development and progression in DM2: metabolic, hemodynamic, inflammation and fibrosis. Existing drugs that are used in patients with CKD and DM2 first of all target hemodynamic and metabolic disturbances, but their action against inflammation and fibrosis is indirect. Hyperactivation of mineralocorticoid receptors (MR) is considered as one of the main trigger factors of end-organ damage in patients with DM2 due to inflammation and fibrosis. Development of selective nonsteroidal MR antagonists (MRA) as a new class of medications is directed to demonstrate positive effects from blocking this pathophysiological pathway of CKD development and overcome the steroidal MRAs’ shortcomings. Hence pathophysiological hyperactivation of MR with subsequent inflammation and fibrosis in patients with CKD in DM2 is considered a promising therapeutic target for the new drugs with cardionephroprotective effect.
Eine paradoxe kleine Form, keine Abkürzung
Authors: Garz Jona Tomke , Riettiens Lilli
Published: December 2022

Jona T. Garz und Lilli Riettiens widmen sich dem _ (Unterstrich), der Wissen aus einem komplexen Diskurs um die soziale Konstruiertheit von Geschlecht komprimiert, während er zugleich den Raum für das Nachdenken über vergeschlechtlichte Subjekte jenseits von Binarität vergrößert. Als paradoxe kleine Form rückt der _ demnach neben historischen und gegenwärtigen Aushandlungsprozessen von Geschlechtlichkeit auch deren jeweilige Aktualisierungen in Forschungspraxis und Wissenserzeugung in den Blick.
Ein erster Versuch
Authors: Kommer Sven
Published: December 2022

Die zunächst trivial erscheinende Abkürzung d.h. (das heißt) entpuppt sich bei genauerer Betrachtung als in vielfacher Hinsicht bedeutungsvoll - in der Alltagssprache, im Bildungskontext sowie in der Wissenschaft und ihrer Kommunikation. Anhand von vier Zugriffen nähert sich der Beitrag diesen Bedeutungsebenen der weiterführenden Schachtelung auf kritisch-anekdotische Weise.
Die Funktionen des Internets für die Wissenschaft
Authors: Breuer Johannes
Published: December 2022

Im Verhältnis zur Wissenschaft nimmt das www. (World Wide Web) verschiedene Rollen ein. Es ist sowohl Produkt der Forschung als auch ein wichtiger Erkenntnisgegenstand für viele Disziplinen. Zudem hat das World Wide Web als Instrument die Arbeit von Forschenden sowie das Wissenschaftssystem insgesamt massiv verändert. Eine neue Funktion, die das World Wide Web für die sozial- und erziehungswissenschaftliche Forschung zunehmend einnimmt, ist diejenige als Datenquelle. Internetdaten bzw. sogenannte digitale Spurdaten bieten für die Forschung in diesen Disziplinen großes Potenzial, bringen aber auch spezifische Herausforderungen mit sich, welche die Wissenschaft adressieren muss, wenn sie mit diesen Daten produktiv umgehen will.
6. Views on Disability and Prenatal Testing Among Families with Down Syndrome and Disability Activists
Authors: Nov-Klaiman Tamar , Frisman Marina , Raz Aviad , Rehmann-Sutter Christoph
Published: December 2022

The prenatal genetic testing arena has witnessed great changes over the past decades and has been the focus of extensive discussion of its ethical, legal, and social implications. Germany and Israel were previously known for strongly contrasting regulations and attitudes of both professionals and laypeople towards genetic testing. Based on qualitative analysis of 37 semi-structured interviews, this study compares German and Israeli family members of individuals with Down syndrome and disability activists, thereby examining the interplay between lived experience and cultural scripts and their impact on the formation of personal views toward disability and prenatal testing. We have found that the differences between Germany and Israel remain, despite the emergence of new technologies, and that family members and disability activists reflect the norms of their socio-cultural environments, thereby emphasising the role society plays in shaping the views of those with direct experience of disability. This article has been published first by Social Science & Medicine, 303 (2022)
»Aufstand gegen die Natur und gegen die Wirklichkeit«
Authors: Stolzenberger Steffen
Published: December 2022

Im Beitrag analysiert Steffen Stolzenberger das Verhältnis der AfD zur Homosexualität, das mit dem Vorwurf, es handele sich um eine homophobe und minderheitenfeindliche Partei, nicht hinreichend erfasst ist. Die sich wiederholenden homosexuellenfeindlichen Ausfälle von AfD-Funktionären dürfen als kontraproduktiv für die Erfolge der Partei gelten, die sich der gesellschaftlich breit akzeptierten Forderung nach Gleichstellung nicht vollständig entziehen kann und sich deshalb nicht selten als besonders homofreundlich geriert. Dabei wird allerdings die Besonderheit sexueller Minderheiten stets ins Feld geführt, um deren Emanzipation an die Subkultur zu verweisen und ihre "Übererfüllung" in rechtlicher Gleichstellung und gesellschaftlicher Akzeptanz zu verhindern. Vor diesem Hintergrund wird auch diskutiert, inwieweit linke Identitätspolitik Prämissen mit der Neuen Rechten teilt. Schließlich gerät in beiden Fällen letztlich der promiske, kosmopolitische, ungebundene Homosexuelle als Verkörperung einer dekadenten westlichen Lebensweise zum Feindbild.
Deutsche Schuld und planetarischer Größenwahn
Authors: Weber Fabian
Published: December 2022

Fabian Weber untersucht die Wahrnehmung Israels in der Neuen Rechten, wie sie sich im Kontext der Zeitschrift Criticón seit den 1970er-Jahren abbildete. Positionierungen zu jüdischen Themen wurden oft vermieden oder jüdischen Autoren überlassen. Zugleich finden sich offen oder kaschiert antisemitisch-antizionistische Polemiken ebenso wie symbolische Vereinnahmungen Israels. Einem nationalistischen Imperativ verpflichtet machten sich über neurechte Israelbilder Kritik an der Linken, Geschichtsrevisionismus und geopolitische Projektionen geltend. Die in Criticón von einem breiten Autorenspektrum entwickelten Konzepte funktionierten nicht als vollendete Weltanschauungen, sondern wurden situativ angepasst, ohne dass etwaige Widersprüche für die sich um das Blatt formierende Neue Rechte zum Problem geworden wären.
Hotels, Immigrant Houses, and Special Neighborhoods
Authors: Remer Felicitas
Published: December 2022

The interwar period - largely overlapping with that of British mandatory rule - was crucial for the consolidation of the national idea in Palestine. It witnessed the partition of the ex-Ottoman territories into mandated nation-states, the strengthening of both the Zionist and Palestinian Arab national movements, and the emergence of the Arab-Jewish national conflict. While this linear trajectory of nationalization is mostly taken for granted by historians and the power to diffuse the national idea throughout non-Western territories is attributed to British imperialism, few studies have engaged with when, why, and how this process unfolded locally in detail. This chapter seeks to fill this gap by combining an in-depth review of the existing literatures on the universalization of the national idea, nation formation, and ethnonational partition with a detailed study of the urban history of Jaffa-Tel Aviv, based on a close reading of the Arabic and Hebrew press between 1908 and the 1920s. I argue that the arrival and consolidation of the national idea in Palestine cannot be reduced to imperial diffusion and did not begin under mandatory rule. Rather, the history of Jaffa-Tel Aviv shows, globalization and nationalization must be understood as co-constitutive processes - and experiences of deterritorialization and global upheaval had sparked desires for reterritorialization and reinforced local attachments already in late Ottoman times. To view British imperialism as the sole mediating force between local conditions, global experiences, and globally circulating ideas thus both obscures local intellectual agencies and simplifies our understanding of the role imperial powers played in the post-World War I regime of de- and reterritorializations, globalization and nation formation.
The Jena Declaration
Authors: Werlen Benno
Published: December 2022

Benno Werlen fordert in diesem Beitrag für die Nachhaltigkeitsforschung und -politik eine stärkere Berücksichtigung der kulturellen und regionalen Dimensionen. Dazu ist für ihn eine Wende von einer ökologischen zu einer kulturellen Perspektive unabdingbar. Für die Etablierung kulturell und regional vielfältiger Formen des nachhaltigen Lebens postuliert der Autor die Notwendigkeit einer neuen Ästhetik. Der Kunst - in all ihren Formen - wird zusammen mit den Geistes- und Sozialwissenschaften die zentrale Rolle für die Erweiterung von Denkweisen und die Entwicklung von Kulturen der Nachhaltigkeit zugewiesen. Um den dafür erforderlichen Einbezug der Zivilgesellschaft zu stärken, wird zweitens ein Paradigmenwechsel in der Nachhaltigkeitspolitik von einem Top-down- zu einem Bottom-up-Ansatz postuliert.
Nachhaltige Landeskulturpolitik - Perspektiven und Ansätze aus NRW
Authors: Kaluza Hildegard
Published: December 2022

Nordrhein-Westfalen setzt sich für eine nachhaltige Kulturpolitik ein und gestaltet die eigene Förderung entsprechend aus. Der Artikel konzentriert sich dabei auf die ökologische Seite der Nachhaltikeit und zeigt auf, wie durch Investitionen, eine bessere Nutzung der Ressourcen bei Ausstellungen und Produktionen im darstellenden Bereich sowie durch Mobilitätskonzepte mehr Nachhaltigkeit erreicht werden kann.
Vom Umweltschutz zum Zukunftslabor
Authors: Ahbe Ellen
Published: December 2022

Ellen Ahbe widmet sich in diesem Beitrag der Frage nach der strategischen Ausrichtung der Soziokultur zum Thema Nachhaltigkeit. Hier setzte das Projekt »Jetzt in Zukunft«, das der Bundesverband Soziokultur zusammen mit der Universität Hildesheim von 2018-2020 durchführte mit der Entwicklung eines Nachhaltigkeitskodex für die Soziokultur einen Meilenstein. Der Kodex bildet die Basis für eine systematische Nachhaltigkeitsberichterstattung für die Soziokultur. Die nachhaltige Ausrichtung soziokultureller Einrichtungen sowie der Beitrag soziokultureller Arbeit zu einer nachhaltigen Entwicklung kann so sichtbar gemacht werden. Im nächsten Schritt brauchen soziokulturelle Einrichtungen eine maßgeschneiderte Unterstützung durch Prozessbegleitung und Qualifizierungsangebote, um den eigenen ökologischen Fußabdruck systematisch zu verringern und ihr Angebot der kulturellen Bildung für nachhaltige Entwicklung zu erweitern.
Bibliotheken und Nachhaltigkeit
Authors: Breidlid Jacqueline , Klauser Hella
Published: December 2022

Bereits seit 2017 hat das Thema Nachhaltigkeit in Bibliotheken stetig an Bedeutung gewonnen. Einerseits tragen Bibliotheken bereits durch ihren Grund auftrag - der Sicherstellung des Zugangs zu Wissen und Information - auf vielfältige Weise zu den Nachhaltigkeitszielen bei. Sie sind sich dessen in immer größerem Maße bewusst. Durch den Verleih von Medien und (zunehmend auch) Alltagsgegenständen (»Bibliothek der Dinge«), setzen Bibliotheken dem Konsum, allein durch Erfüllung ih rer Kernaufgabe, ein altbewährtes Prinzip entgegen. Andererseits engagieren sich viele Bibliotheken explizit im Bereich der Nachhaltigkeit und zeigen dies auf Plattformen wie Biblio2030. Auf internatio naler, europäischer und nationaler Ebene verleihen Aktivitäten wie die »Green Library Award«, das »EBLIDA-SDG European House« oder die aktive Teilnahme von Bibliothe ken an den »Aktionstagen Nachhaltigkeit« immer wieder Schwung und zeigen neue Perspektiven dieses dynamischen und vielfältigen Themas auf.
Vom Klimakiller bis zum Vorreiter - über Nachhaltigkeit in Museen
Authors: Dowidat Stefanie
Published: December 2022

Stefanie Dowidat widmet sich in diesem Beitrag der Frage, wie eine nachhaltige Transformation gelingen kann.
Ganz schön operiert
Authors: Wustmann Julia
Published: December 2022

Ein Blick in die Geschichte der Ästhetisch-Plastischen Chirurgie zeigt: Kein Körper scheint je perfekt (genug) und es wurde immer danach gestrebt, Körper ästhetisch zu verbessern. Ästhetisch-Plastische Chirurgie hat sich als eine Praktik der Körperoptimierung etabliert und sie verzeichnet eine seit Jahr(zehnt)en steigende Zunahme ihrer Anwendung und ihrer Anwender*innen. Anhand von Expert*inneninterviews mit Chirurg*innen der Ästhetisch-Plastische Chirurgie wird aufgezeigt, wie sie ihre Fachdisziplin zwischen Optimierung, Risiko und Gerechtigkeit verorten.
The Poetics and Politics of Invective Humor
Authors: Schulze Katja
Published: December 2022

Vituperation, disparagement, and debasement seem to have become part of the mainstream discourse in contemporary US-American media culture. Zooming in on a distinct televisual comedy genre, Katja Schulze explores the formal principles, media-specific realizations, and the cultural work of disparagement in contemporary female-led situation comedies. Subsequently, larger patterns of (gender-based) invective strategies and conventions that define the dynamism of this comedic genre come into view. Her study outlines case studies of popular sitcoms, like Parks and Recreation, Mike & Molly, and the revival of hit-sitcom Roseanne, thereby unearthing how the shows are able to stage humor as mass-mediated deprecation - a signifying practice with its own poetics and politics.
Alice Does not Care
Authors: Maur Imke von
Published: December 2022

Imke von Maur argues in her contribution against the claim that robots could care about humans. Yet, if the capacity to discriminate between simulated and actual care gets lost, as she points out, there is the danger that not only the concept of care changes, but ultimately the practice of caring. The author firstly demonstrates why care robots do and in principle can not care. Secondly she draws attention to the potential socio-political consequences of that wrong assumption, i.e. for shared narratives and imaginations about »the a good life« and related practices and institutionalizations.
Transport in Capitalism
Authors: Schwedes Oliver
Published: December 2022

Transport is the only sector that has not yet contributed to the reduction of carbon dioxide emissions. To understand why sustainable transport has not been developed yet, Oliver Schwedes highlights the special features of the transport sector and describes the political conditions for a successful change in transport development. He makes clear that technical innovations alone will not be enough; rather, transport policy must be practised as social policy.
Im Strom der Bewegungsbilder
Authors: Hänel Jonas
Published: December 2022

Gilles Deleuze zufolge bewegen wir uns permanent in einem Strom von Bewegungsbildern. Vor diesem Hintergrund zeigt Jonas Hänel, dass eine bewegungsbildbasierte Forschung quer zu den Themenbereichen Bildung, Kino und Pflege und ausgehend von Michael Hanekes Film »Liebe« (2012) neue Qualitäten in den Blick rückt. Neben der Beschreibung kontingenter Verläufe im Leben fokussiert er Intensitäten wie Affektionen und Affekte in unterschiedlichen performativen Handlungsvollzügen. Sei es die Beschreibung von Bildungs-, Pflege- oder auch filmischen Prozessen: Sein zentrales Anliegen ist es, die Prozessualität performativer Praxen in ihrem von Brüchen durchzogenen Werden nachzuzeichnen.
O MICROCLIMA E O (DES)CONFORTO TÉRMICO EM AMBIENTES ABERTOS NA CIDADE DE NATAL
Authors: Coutinho Maytê Duarte Leal , Santos Thalyta Soares dos , Gomes Ana Carla dos Santos , Silva Allan Rodrigues , Costa Micejane da Silva , Morais Michelyne Duarte Coutinho de
Published: December 2022

Do ponto de vista humano, o conforto térmico está associado à condição psicológica que expresse satisfação com o ambiente térmico. Logo, a influência que o clima exerce sobre o homem e suas atividades diárias são exploradas neste trabalho. Esse estudo tem como objetivo analisar o conforto e o desconforto humano na cidade de Natal, capital do Rio Grande do Norte. A metodologia foi por meio dos índices biometeorológicos ao longo dos meses do ano, que caracterizam/indicam, a sensação térmica dos habitantes nesta cidade. De um modo geral, os resultados obtidos mostram que a cidade de Natal caracterizou-se como "levemente desconfortável" para seus habitantes durante seis meses do ano, o que pode acarretar problemas de saúde devido a seus fatores climáticos. Resultado desta maneira, alguns impactos ambientais advinhos de atividades antropogênicas como: a poluição atmosférica e das águas, produção de lixo, alterações no microclima (Ilhas de calor).
CARTOGRAFIA DO SUICÍDIO NO BRASIL NO PERÍODO 1979-2011
Authors: Mota Adeir Archanjo da
Published: December 2022

O presente estudo tem por objetivo analisar a distribuição espacial do suicídio no Brasil. Foram utilizados os dados oficiais e atualizados - período 1979 a 2011, fornecidos pelo IBGE e DATATUS. A análise espacial e o mapeamento a partir da análise estatística de dados absolutos e relativos nos permitiu identificar um padrão de distribuição espacial de suicídios. Inicialmente concentrados nas regiões Sul e Sudeste do país e em algumas capitais das demais regiões, nas décadas de 1980, 1990 e 2000 tendeu a se disseminar por todas as regiões e a se reforçar gradativamente onde já se contabilizavam casos, sendo exceção algumas espacialidades, das quais se destacam a região Amazônica, o Pantanal e a faixa litorânea do país.
FATORES DE RISCO ASSOCIADOS À OCORRÊNCIA DA LEISHMANIOSE VISCERAL NA ÁREA URBANA DO MUNICÍPIO DE CAMPO GRANDE/MS
Authors: Teles Ana Paula Silva , Herrera Heitor Miraglia , Ayres Fabio Martins , Brazuna Júlia Cristina Maksoud , Abreu Urbano Gomes Pinto de
Published: December 2022

A Leishmaniose Visceral (LV) é considerada uma enfermidade dinâmica, dadas as alterações em seu padrão de transmissão e plasticidade do vetor. O objetivo deste estudo foi associar fatores de risco à ocorrência da LV no perímetro urbano do município de Campo Grande/MS utilizando-se de análises estatísticas e espaciais. Observou-se uma correlação positiva entre os casos de Leishmaniose Visceral Canina (LVC) e Leishmaniose Visceral Humana (LVH), e entre a LVC e a área do bairro. Uma correlação negativa foi observada entre a densidade da rede de esgotamento sanitário e a LVC. A álgebra de mapas espacializou as áreas de risco para a ocorrência da LV. As análises mostram que existem condições favoráveis para a transmissão dessa zoonose e os riscos estão associados às densidades canina e humana, bem como a precária infraestrutura de saneamento básico. Sugere-se que as ações de vigilância e controle da LV sejam planejadas adequadamente no sentido de ampliar o conhecimento para a população sobre a importância de se realizar o diagnóstico nos cães, bem como o investimento no saneamento básico com vistas à universalização do acesso pois é uma condição básica para o controle dos vetores.