bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Studi Pemanfataan Limbah Terak Timah 2 Bangka Sebagai Sumber Sekunder Unsur Skandium
Authors: Kartika Wahyu , Majid Rafdi Abdul , Navanti Dovina
Published: January 2019

Terak timah (tin slag) adalah sisa dari pengolahan timah yang mengandung radioaktif dan cenderung menjadi limbah karena pemanfaatannya yang belum maksimal. Studi  ini bertujuan untuk memanfaatkan limbah terak timah sebagai sumber sekunder unsur skandium sehingga pemanfaatannya dapat meminimalkan risiko paparan radioaktif terhadap lingkungan. Skandium banyak digunakan  sebagai solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC’s) dapat menyebabkan reaksi  terjadi pada temperatur yang lebih rendah, dalam bidang metalurgi sebagai paduan kekuatan tinggi aluminium, dalam bidang keramik penambahan skandium karbida akan meningkatkan kekerasan,  lampu metal halida dengan intensitas tinggi, elektronik, dan penelitian laser. Penelitian ini menggunakan sampel terak timah 2 Bangka (TTB). Pada tahap awal TTB dipanaskan sampai suhu 900⁰C, lalu dicelupkan ke dalam air, dikeringkan dan di ayak (terak timah 2 Bangka yang dipanaskan, dicelup ke dalam air dan diayak, disebut TTB-PCA). Studi pertama, TTB-PCA yang dilarutkan ke dalam asam florida (disebut kode sampel F) dan studi kedua, TTB-PCA dilarutkan ke dalam HCl kemudian dilarutkan ke dalam NaOH (disebut kode sampel AB). TTB, TTB-PCA, kode sampel F dan AB dilakukan karakterisasi dengan X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF). Hasil karakterisasi memperlihatkan kadar skandium di dalam TTB sebesar 319 ppm dan  kadar skandium tertinggi pada TTB-PCA dengan ukuran butir 200 mesh sebesar 804 ppm. Pada penelitian digunakan software HSC Chemistry 6 sebagai pendukung diskusi termodinamika. Kata Kunci: terak timah  Bangka, software hsc chemistry 6, limbah padat, skandium, pelarutan ABSTRACT - Tin slag is the waste of tin processing that contains radioactive and tends to become waste due to its not maximal utilization. This study aims to utilize waste tin slag as a secondary source of scandium element so that its utilization can minimize the risk of radioactive exposure to the environment. Scandium widely used as solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC's) can cause reactions to occur at lower temperatures, in the field of metallurgy as high-strength aluminum alloys, in the field of ceramic addition of scandium carbide will increase hardness, metal halide lamps with high intensity, electronics, and laser research. This research used Bangka tin slag 2 (TTB), the initial stage of TTB was roasted to 900°C, then water quenched, dried and sieved (TTB roasted, water quenched and sieved, called TTB -PCA). The first study, TTB-PCA dissolved into fluoride acid (called code sample F) and a second study, TTB-PCA dissolved into HCl and then dissolved into NaOH (called AB code sample). TTB, TTB-PCA, sample code F and AB are characterized by X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF). The characterization results show scandium content in TTB of 319 ppm and the highest scandium content in TTB-PCA with grain size of 200 mesh of 804 ppm. In the study used HSC Chemistry 6 software as a supporter of thermodynamic discussion.Keywords: bangka tin slag, hsc chemistry 6 software, solid waste, scandium, dissolution
OPTIMASI FORMULA GEL SERBUK DAGING LIMBAH TOMAT (Licopersicum asculentum Mill) DAN UJI AKTIVITAS TERHADAP LAMA PENYEMBUHAN LUKA EKSISI PADA KELINCI
Authors: Ittiqo Dzun Haryadi , Fitriana Yuli
Published: January 2019

Abstrak: Obat topikal sintesis yang umum digunakan pada luka eksisi adalah povidon iodium, tetapi penggunaan yang berlebihan dapat menimbulkan efek samping berupa dermatitis, bengkak, gatal dan rangsangan nyeri pada daerah sekitar luka sehingga diperlukan alternatif obat alami yang lebih aman dan memiliki efektifitas yang sama dengan bahan sintetik. Senyawa golongan flavonoid telah dibuktikan secara pre klinis bisa mempercepat penyembuhan luka.  Tomat mengandung senyawa golongan flavonoid. Sehingga diperkirakan memiliki potensi sebagai obat penyembuh luka.Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimental, daging limbah buah tomat dibuat serbuk kering halus. Optimasi formula gel serbuk daging limbah tomat menggunkan software design exspert versi 7.1.5. Komponen yang dioptimasi adalah Na-CMC dan propilenglikol, respon yang dinilai  adalah daya sebar. Uji efektivitas formula optimum gel terhadap lama penyembuhan luka eksisi, hewan uji dibagi dalam empat kelompok yaitu kelompok kontrol positif ( betadin zalp 10%), formula optimum gel, kontrol negativ, dan tanpa bahan uji (basis gel). Punggung kelinci dibuat luka eksisi sepanjang 3cm dengan kedalaman 0,3 cm, luka diolesi sampel uji sebanyak tiga kali sehari selama 8 hari. Pengamatan dilakukan dengan mengukur panjang luka selama perlakuan.Hasil optimasi formula menggunakan D-optimal Design didapatkan Persentase perbandingan penyusun gel yang optimal yaitu CMC-Na dan Propilenglokol masing-masing adalah 5,50%, dan 4,50%. dengan respon daya sebar 8,15 cm2, dan Daya lekat 18,51 detik. Uji efektivitas formula optimal gel serbuk daging limbah tomat (Licopersicum asculentum Mill) menunjukkan aktivitas penyembuhan luka yang sama dengan betadin zalp 10% dengan nilai mean±SD masing-masing 1,925±1,033 dan 1,729 ±1,021.Kata Kunci: Gel; Limbah tomat; D-optimal design; Luka eksisi
EFEKTIVITAS PEMBELAJARAN BERBASIS MASALAH UNTUK MENINGKATKAN SIKAP BERPIKIR KRITIS SISWA SEKOLAH DASAR
Authors: Haifaturrahmah Haifaturrahmah , Maryati Yuni , Fujiaturrahman Sukron
Published: January 2019

Abstrak: IPA terdiri dari tiga dimensi yang saling terkait yaitu sikap ilmiah, keterampilan proses dan pengetahuan. Transfer pengatahuan lebih mendominasi, sehingga penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan sikap berpikir kritis siswa SD melalui penerapan pembelajaran berbasis masalah. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah tindakan kelas (PTK). Subjek dalam penelitian ini siswa kelas V di SDN 46 Mataram Tahun pelajaran 2017/2018 yang berjumlah 27 orang. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan teknik tes, observasi, dan wawancara. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah analisis diskriptif interaktif. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa pada siklus I jumlah siswa yang memperoleh nilai ≥ 70 pada kondisi awal sebanyak 9 siswa (33%). Selanjutnya meningkat pada siklus I, dimana siswa yang memperoleh nilai ≥ 70 sebanyak 17 siswa (63%), dan meningkat tajam pada siklus II, dimana siswa yang memperoleh nilai ≥ 70 sebanyak 24 siswa (89%). Berdasarkan hasil analisis data menggunakan gain standar rumus Hake, nilai sikap kritis lebih > 0,3 sehingga termasuk dalam kategori sedang (0,3). Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, sikap berpikir kritis siswa sekolah dasar dapat dilakukan melalui proses pembelajaran yang bermakna bagi siswa dan melalui proses pembiasaan yang rutin.Kata Kunci: Pembelajaran berbasis masalah; Sikap berpikir kritis
PERAN KOMUNIKASI PUSTAKAWAN DALAM MENINGKATKAN KUALITAS LAYANAN INFORMASI DI UPT. PERPUSTAKAAN UNIVERSITAS MATARAM
Authors: Lubis Lubis , Furbani Widiastuti
Published: January 2019

Perpustakaan merupakan institusi yang menyediakan jasa layanan informasi, sehingga kegiatan pelayanan merupakan ujung tombak kegiatan perpustakaan. Kualitas layanan perpustakaan sangat dipengaruhi oleh kualitas pustakawan sebagai pelaksana. Kualitas pustakawan ditentukan oleh latar belakang pendidikan (keahlian), kepribadian dan kemampuan berkomunikasi. Keterampilan komunikasi sangat penting bagi pustakawan, karena dalam kegiatan layanan informasi pustakawan berhadapan langsung dengan para pengguna perpustakaan atau pencari informasi, peran seorang pustakawan di dalam sebuah perpustakaan sangat penting. Menurut Hermawan, (2006 : 56-57), Pustakawan mempunyai banyak peran antara lain, Edukator (Pendidik), Manager (Pengatur), Administrator (Pencatatan), Supervisor/penyelia (Mengawasi atau mengarahkan). Sedangkan Komunikasi mempunyai fungsi yang penting dalam manajemen. Antara lain, Fungsi informatif, Fungsi persuasi, Fungsi regulatif, Fungsi control. Peran Pustakawan sebagai educator pustakawan dalam melakukan kegiatannya secara sukarela mendidik, mengajar, dan melatih setiap pemustaka yang ingin memanfaatkan layanan informasi yang ada di UPT Perpustakaan Universitas Matara, Peran Pustakawan sebagai manager, pustakawan paling tidak telah memiliki jiwa kepemimpinan terutama memimpin diri mereka agar bekerja sesuai aturan (disiplin), Peran Pustakawan sebagai administrator, bahwa seorang pustakawan harus dapat menjadi pengelolah informasi yang baik serta bisa memanfaatan teknologi, Peran Pustakawan Supervisor/penyelia, dalam melakukan pengawasan dan pengarahan telah berperan dengan melakukan koordinasi, Peran fungsi komunikasi pustakawan telah mampu berperan dengan cara memberikan informasi
Unreproduktive Arbeiten, Staatsausgaben, gesellschaftliche Reproduktion und Profitabilität des Kapitals
Authors: Stamatis Georgios
Published: January 2019

Im Rahmen der marxistischen Staatstheoriediskussion wurde auch die Frage nach dem Einfluß der sog. ,,unreproduktiven" Ausgaben sowie der Staatsausgaben auf den Verwertungsgrad des Kapitals diskutiert (1). Der Grund dafür, daß die Behandlung dieser Frage nicht zu deren Klärung beitragen konnte, liegt darin, daß man die Funktionen der sog. ,,unproduktiven" Ausgaben sowie der Staatsausgaben im Reproduktionsprozeß des Kapitals hat nicht herausarbeiten können. Was diese Funktionen betrifft, blieb man noch keynesianischen Vorstellungen verhaftet. Die keynesianische Theorie interessiert sich ausschließlich für die Wirkungen der Staatsausgaben auf die Gesamtnachfrage, die Beschäftigung und das Volkseinkommen, d. h. für die Funktionen dieser Ausgaben im Zirkulationsprozeß des Kapitals. Die Funktionen der Staatsausgaben im Reproduktionsprozeß des Kapitals sind für sie, sofern sie ihr, was im allgemeinen der Fall ist, nicht gänzlich unbekannt sind, jedoch uninteressant und ohne besondere Bedeutung.
Die Linke in der SPD
Authors: Heimann Siegfried , Martens Gitta , Müller Peter
Published: January 2019

Eine Untersuchung über die Chancen der Linken in der SPD erfordert eigentlich auch eine Einschätzung der Gesamtpartei, die wir hier nicht leisten können. Wrr sprechen von der SPD als einer „Volkspartei" in Anführungszeichen, da mit diesem Begriff die Veränderungen in der SPD seit 1959 nur unzureichend beschrieben werden. Wir gehen davon aus, daß sich spätestens seit 1959 in der SPD eine sozialreformerische Mehrheit durchgesetzt hat, die die bestehende privatkapitalistischeGesellschaft nur noch reformerisch verbessern will. Die Linke iri der SPD sehen wir als Einheit von sicherlich verschiedenen reformistischen Ansätzen. Es geht uns, gerade auch bei den Jusos, nicht um eine Darstellung und Kritik der unterschiedlichen Positionen. Ohne Zweifel bleibt diese Kritik weiterhin notwendig. (Vgl. dazu als ein Beispiel in dieser Zeitschrift: Siegfried Heimann/Bodo Zeuner, Eine neue Integrationsideologie. Zu den Thesen zur Strategie und Taktik des demokratischen Sozialismus des Peter von Oertzen, in: Prokla 14/ 15 (1974), S.105-148).Wir unterscheiden allerdings, ohne das weiter auszuführen, im Spektrum der reformistischen Linken in der SPD sich anpassende Reformisten, die sich mit der Formulierung von Modellen bescheiden und kämpferische Reformisten, die diejenigen, in deren Namen ein „Demokratischer Sozialismus" auf reformistischem Wege erreicht werden soll, als handelnde Subjekte mit einbeziehen.
Soziologische Phantasielosigkeit und verdinglichtes Lernen
Authors: Lauschke Karl
Published: January 2019

Seit geraumer Zeit wird wieder über das Selbstverständnis gewerkschaftlicher Bildungsarbeit verstärkt diskutiert. Nach der in erster Linie mit dem Namen Oskar Negt verbundenen Neubesinnung gegen Ende der 60er Jahre findet gegenwärtig eine neuerliche Auseinandersetzung darüber statt, wie innerhalb der Arbeiterbildung konkret dazu beigetragen werden kann, klassenbewußtes Handeln der Arbeiterschaft zu fördern. Allerdings wird weitgehend nur negativ an die vonNegt zuvor formulierte Position angeknüpft. Die dahinter verborgene Stoßrichtung der aktuellen Diskussion macht eine Replik der diversen Publikationen unumgänglich.
Schwierigkeiten bei der Anwendung der Mathematik zur Lösung politökonomischer Probleme
Authors: Stamatis Georgios
Published: January 2019

In seinem Aufsatz hält K. den bisherigen marxistischen Monopoltheorien vor, sie lassen die Rolle des fixen Kapitals im Konzentrations- und Zentralisationsprozeß außer acht. Im Anhang seines Aufsatzes bestimmt er aber die allgemeine Profitrate (er nennt sie „Durchschnittsprofitrate") und die Produktionspreise im Rahmen eines Modells, in dem das vorgeschossene(= in den Arbeitsprozeß eingesetzte) konstante dem verbrauchten (= in den Verwertungsprozeß eingehenden)konstanten Kapital gleichgesetzt wird, d. h. er läßt selbst das (nicht verbrauchte) fixe Kapital außer acht.Man hält im allgemeinen dieses Vorgehen für eine zulässige Vereinfachung. Nur: die Tatsache, daß das vorgeschossene konstante größer als das verbrauchte konstante Kapital ist, bringt, sofern sie bei der Bestimmung der Profitrate berücksichtigt wird, zum Ausdruck, daß im Kapitalismus die Waren, der darin enthaltene Wert und Mehrwert und schließlich auch der Profit nicht als Produkte der Arbeit, sondern als solche des Kapitals erscheinen, weswegen sich dann auch der Gesamtprofit auf die einzelnen Kapitalisten nach Maßgabe des Anteils ihres Kapitals am gesellschaftlichen Gesamtkapital verteilt.
Zur Kritik der Überakkumulationstheorie (1)
Authors: Beckenbach Frank , Krätke Michael
Published: January 2019

Zyklische Krisen sind nach der vorherrschenden Auffassung in der marxistischen Diskussion in ihrem Kern ,Verwertungskrisen'. Sie treten ein, weil die die Verwertung des Kapitals auf gesellschaftlichem Maßstab messende Durchschnittsprofitrate unter einen „gewissen' kritischen Punkt fällt. Dadurch verlangsamt sich die Akkumulation, bzw. die Akkumulationsrate sinkt, was den gesamten gesellschaftlichen Reproduktionsprozeß ins Stocken bringen soll. Die Krise kommt zustande, weil die vorhandene, bzw. durch Akkumulation wachsende Kapitalmasse zu groß für die vorhandene bzw. produzierbare Mehrwertmasse wird. Mehrwertmangel und Kapitalüberfluß bilden das Geheimnis dieser ,überakkumulationskrise'.
Zur Kontroverse um das Überakkumulationstheorem
Authors: Kleinknecht Alfred
Published: January 2019

Die von Makoto Itoh in der Prokla Nr. 22 (,,Die Entwicklung der Krisentheorie bei Marx") ausgearbeitete Position läßt sich folgendermaßen zusammenfassen: Bei Marx findet sich noch keine ,,fertige" Theorie des Akkumulations- und Krisenzyklus', Allerdings gibt es im Marxschen Gesamtwerk verschiedene Ansätze der Krisenerklärung, deren Verhältnis zueinander weitgehend ungeklärt bleibt.Ihto hebt vor allem zwei Ansätze hervor, die auch in der gegenwärtigen Krisendiskussion eine wichtige Rolle spielen (1) und die in bezug auf die Bestimmung der letztendlichen Ursache der Krise logisch unvereinbar sind: Zum einen handelt es sich um die Überakkumulationstheorie der Krise (2), die aus der Überakkumulation des Kapitals den Fall der Profitrate ableitet und die Überproduktion  von Waren als deren Folgeerscheinung behandelt. Dem entgegengesetzt steht die Theorie der Überproduktion bzw. Unterkonsumtion, die aus den Schranken des Marktes (insbesondere aufgrund der „Armut und Konsumbeschränkung der Massen ... ", MEW 25, S. 501) die Überproduktion von Waren und als deren Folge den Fall der Profitrate und die Überakkumulation des Kapitals ableitet.
Was heißt bürokratischer Sozialismus?
Authors: Schäfer Gert
Published: January 2019

Bahros Umrisse „zur Kritik des real existierenden Sozialismus" (2) sind mit gutem Recht als das wichtigste theoretische Werk aus den sozialistisch genannten Ländern seit Leo Trotzkis ,Die verratene Revolution' gerühmt worden (3). Der moralische, intellektuelle und politische Mut Bahros läßt sich kaum besser als mit seinen eigenen, oben zitierten Worten würdigen. Daß er dabei von sich selber sagen kann, ,,ich bin in meiner gesamten Entwicklung sozusagen ein DDR-Produkt, durch und durch" (4), mag einmal - um an das alte Gleichnis zu erinnern - auch die Schande jener tilgen, die ihn der „nachrichtendienstlichen Tätigkeit" bezichtigt und „aus dem Verkehr gezogen" haben.
Mikroprozessoren - zentrale Technologie einer umfassenden Rationalisierung
Authors: Frosch Alfred
Published: January 2019

Die widersprüchliche Enwicklung der gesellschaftlichen Produktivkräfte unter den Bedingungen kapitalistischer Produktionsverhältnisse wird in der gegenwärtigen Akkumulationsphase besonders deutlich. Die wissenschaftlich-technischen Erkenntnisse und ihr Transfer in alle gesellschaftlichen Produktionsbereiche zur Produktivitätssteigerung hat zwar - wie jeder technische Fortschritt - den Ersatz manueller und geistiger Arbeit zur Folge, doch, so scheint es, kann die substituierte menschliche Arbeitskraft, nicht mehr durch Mehrproduktion beschäftigt oder in anderen gesellschaftlichen Bereichen eingesetzt werden. Da Kompensation nicht mehr möglich erscheint, ist ein qualitativer Unterschied der realen Auswirkungen des technischen Fortschritts innerhalb der gesamtgesellschaftlichen Produktion gegenüber bisheriger technologischer Entwicklungen erkennbar.Die moderne Technologie in Form der Mikroelektronik ist als universelles Ratinalisierungsinstrument sowohl in der unmittelbaren Produktion, wie auch in den ihr vor- bzw. nachgelagerten Bereichen anwendbar. Die Automation in nahezu allenBereichen der Produktion und Verwaltung, im Industrie- und Dienstleistungssektor, wird möglich durch den Einsatz elektronischer Steuerungs- und Rechenelemente in Gestalt von Mikroprozessoren.
Rationalisierung bei der Deutschen Bundespost ( 1)
Authors: Roos Wolfgang , Penth Boris
Published: January 2019

Ähnlich dem öffentlichen Dienst insgesamt sind auch bei der Deutschen Bundespost (DBP) die Beschäftigten seit Mitte der 60er Jahre einer verschärften Rationalisierungswelle ausgesetzt. Dei- folgende Artikel untersucht die sozio-ökonomischenGrundlagen dieses Prozesses, skizziert seine wichtigsten Formen und diskutiert Ansatzpunkte der Gegenwehr.
US-Gewerkschaften und Arbeitsbedingungen
Authors: Armanski Gerhard , Burger Gerd , Dammann Ulf , Rinne Claudia
Published: January 2019

„Management should manage" - das ist noch immer die Devise der meisten amerikanischen Gewerkschaften. In vielen Tarifverträged ist ausdrücklich festgelegt: ,,Dem Unternehmen ist das ausschließliche Recht vorbehalten, die Geschäfte und Anlagen zu führen und den Arbeitseinsatz zu regeln ... Das beinhaltet das Recht, Arbeitskräfte einzustellen oder begründet zu entlassen, an einen anderen Arbeitsplatz zu versetzen und das Recht, Arbeitnehmer wegen Arbeitsmangels oder aus anderen legitimen Gründen von ihren Pflichten zu entbinden" (1). Die Gewerkschaften verstehen ihre Vertretungsaufgabe vorwiegend dahin, möglichst hohe Löhne und Sozialleistungen zu erkämpfen. Hierbei befinden sie sich im Einklang mit der Mehrheit der amerikanischen Arbeiter - nicht unverständlich in einer Zeit sinkender Reallöhne und in einem Land mit ungenügender Sozialgesetzgebung.
基于有效利用电教设备促进教学的研究
Authors: 王 长军
Published: January 2019

如今,我国已经全面步入了信息化时代,信息技术和设备已经融入了各行各业,促进了社会的进步与发展。随着课程改革的不断深入和延展,各种电教设备在日常教学中得到了广泛的普及和应用。与传统的教学模式相比,电教教学更具有独到的特点,在教学形式和教学方法等方面有着极大的优越性和发展性。有效利用电教设备促进教学的研究有助于推进我国现代化教育进程,提高教育质量,对于素质教育的发展是具有重要意义的。
种树者培其根，种德者养其心——“沉浸式”教学法在《宋明理学》中的运用与心得
Authors: 王 艺瑾
Published: January 2019

《宋明理学》是高中历史必修三文化史中最难上的课之一,理论性强,内容抽象晦涩,但在整个高中,历史教学中的地位举足轻重。宋明理学——上承先秦儒学和两汉儒学,下启明清儒学,在儒学发展史上起承上启下的作用。学好本课,不仅可以使学生感受到中国传统文化的博大精深,源远流长,更可以帮助学生树立正确的人生观、价值观、道德观,培养学生的民族自信心和社会责任感。基于其理论抽象性,在教学中对于师生都是一个很不好处理的内容,因为涉及到哲学的概念很多,要么教学浮于表面不得其“理”,要么学生陷入其“理”,产生了很多疑问。要想通过如此有难度的一堂课的学习,掌握理学内容、透彻理解其中精神内涵、价值理念,必须运用“沉浸式”教学法,在课堂中营造“情境”,让学生进入其时其世,了解其人,掌握其理。
关于高校教师管理创新方式探讨
Authors: 王 琳
Published: January 2019

高校教师是高校最宝贵的人力资源,是高校发展的法宝。教师招聘、在职培训、考核管理等领域的制度创新,对于提高高等教育质量,实现高等教育的跨越式发展和可持续发展具有重要意义。
Percutaneous cystolithotripsy in children and its outcome: A single center experience
Authors: Joshi Milind P , Ruturaj Kakad , Pankaj Chaudhari , Priti S Zade , S Gavai Mahendra , Ashwinikumar Verma
Published: January 2019

Background: Pediatric bladder stone disease is very common in certain regions of India. Traditionally, pediatric surgeons have been managing this by open surgeries. Aim: The aim of the study was to manage vesical calculus in children by percutaneous cystolithotripsy (PCCL). Materials and Methods: All the children up to 18 years of age suffering from vesical calculus were operated by PCCL. Cystoscopy performed first to assess the stone burden. 18 Fr angiocath needle was used to puncture the bladder under vision and 0.035 guide wire was passed. Tract was dilated using single-step screw dilator; a 20 French Amplatz sheath was passed over the screw dilator and nephroscope was introduced. Lithotripsy was done using pneumatic lithotripter. Per urethral Foley catheter was placed and suprapubic puncture site was suture closed. Results: A total of 74 patients were operated in the past 3 years with an age range was 1–18 years with female preponderance. Complete clearance was achieved in all patients while the average duration of surgery was 30 min with range of 15–50 min. All the patients were operated under regional anesthesia and were discharged the next day. Among the study population, three patients had superficial wound infections at the puncture site which was managed conservatively. Conclusion: PCCL is a good option for managing vesical calculus in children. It has minimal morbidity and very small scar as compared to open cystolithotomy. Even in recurrent stones, it can be effectively performed, and in fact, it is easy to learn and reproducible.
Does Community Engagement Lead to Effective Decision Making? An Evidence from Karnataka Watershed Development Agency, India
Authors: Vadivelu G. Ananda
Published: January 2019

Participation has both an intrinsic and instrumental value, and livelihood enhancement is achieved by fostering the effective engagement with the target community. As an implementation agency for the Karnataka Watershed Development Agency in Chitradurga district, MYRADA followed the building block approach. This meant that there was enough engagement with the village community in organising affinity groups involved in credit activities, before wider village level institutions were crafted. In this article, it is examined whether such an engagement lead to effective decision-making with respect to the soil and water conservation treatment undertaken on the farmers’ land. Contrary to the theoretical proposition of the Olson (1965) that smaller the size better is the provisioning of the collective good, present field study found that provisioning by such groups could also lead to a bad outcome.
THE SYSTEM OF AUTOMATIC COMBUSTION CONTROL IN GAS-BURNING PLANTS BY CORRECTIVE PARAMETER
Authors: Kryzhanovskiy K.S.
Published: January 2019

The wide application of gaseous fuels in technology and energy, its high cost, pose the task of improving the quality of its use. The task of automation of technological processes of thermal units heated by natural gas is to increase the safety of operation and the efficiency of their operation. This problem is especially acute in conditions of continuous operation of thermal units, when the state of the environment varies from day to day and from summer to winter. The temperature of the air for combustion, its humidity, the heat of combustion of the gas and the atmospheric pressure fluctuate particularly sharply. In these conditions, when putting into operation the heat unit, it is necessary to set such tinctures that, in the event of unfavorable external conditions, there always was enough oxygen to completelyburn the gas. This can be achieved by increasing the efficiency of the automatic control system of the ratio of the combustion components and the temperature parameters of the unit, according to the optimal regime for each particular technological process. To achieve this goal, we used the results of research into the chemical processes of interaction of combustion products using means for measuring the electrical parameters of a flame based on physical methods of ionization control of the combustion process. The established features and obtained results made it possible to develop a device for monitoring the ionization properties of the combustion process, on their basis, automatic control systems of burners for industrial heat x aggregates. Bibl. 7, Fig. 3.
Blue Ocean Strategy In Managing Maritime Security
Authors: Poerwowidagdo Sapto J.
Published: January 2019

The impact of the extension of the sea area of Indonesia, the biggest archipelagic state, is the bigger task of the Indonesian Navy and the other institutions and stake holder of the maritime security. The overlapping of the responsibility and authority in the maritime security tasks, pushes the Indonesian Navy in optimizing its main task. In the scope of the Maritime Domain Awareness, the Blue Ocean Strategy might be considered in managing an integrated maritime security by using Revolution in Navy Affairs in the Indonesian sea-power building.

Keywords: Archipelagic state, Maritime domain awareness, Blue ocean strategy, Revolution in navy affairs.
IMPROVEMENT OF JAPANESE MILITARY CAPABILITIES AND IMPLICATIONS ON INDONESIA’S NATIONAL DEFENSE
Authors: Marsono Marsono , D.A.R. Deni , Asmoro Novky
Published: January 2019

Abstract - In the historical record, Japan was among the most prominent country in military aspect. Japanese military force at that time was evidenced by the strength of their personnel and equipment. This article aims to explore and analyze the development of Japanese military capabilities and ascertaining its implication on ASEAN and the defense of Indonesia. This study uses data analysis technique and narrative qualitative methods, each data that has been collected and validated will be analyzed through data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion/verification. From this study, it can be concluded that the improvement of Japanese military capabilities is strongly related to the interest and conflict between several countries such as China, Japan and North Korea. Therefore, Indonesia needs to have preventive measure in anticipating the rise or improvement of Japanese military capabilities even if it has a harmonious cooperation with Japan in many aspects. After all, Indonesia was one of the direct victims of Japanese imperialism and militarism.
Patent services system in sci-tech libraries
Authors: Mitroshin Ivan
Published: January 2019

The need for efficient support of innovative activities of research institutes and universities is substantiated. The author examines patent activities of science and academic Ubraries’ patent divisions providing the wide range of services - from offering access to specialized information resources and generating analytics to user training and methodological support. As a case study, the experience of Pushchino Central Library Patent Sector is discussed. The library is the branch of RAS Library for Natural Sciences. The Sector offers information and analytical data based on bibliometrical analysis and patent information analysis, as well as user consulting and methodological support. The author concludes that today libraries’ patent divisions are among the most demanded - they analyze prospective vectors in science and technology, develop strategies for patent research; consult researchers in patent activities and intellectual property protection issues. He also suggests, that through facilitating patent information support, the possible risks can be minimized for science-intensive researchers while science intensive research makes the foundation for the country’s economic prosperity.
The Fourth Museum Assembly in Crimea. The review
Authors: Sokolova Yuliya , Borgoyakova Kristina
Published: January 2019

The Fourth Museum Assembly held within the framework of the Fourth World Professional Forum “The Book. Culture. Education. Innovations” (June 18–22, 2018, Sudak, Republic of Crimea) is reviewed. The 2018 topic was “Regional museums: To preserve traditions, to implement innovations”. The Assembly was organized through the support of the Ministry of Culture of the Russian Federation and the Ministry of Culture of the Republic of Crimea. The reviewers discuss the topics and problems revealed in the plenary presentations and papers delivered at the section “Museums in the modern information and cultural space”. The thematic sessions were supplemented with master classes “Research with the museum collections” and “Exhibitional work”. When concluding the Fourth Museum Assembly, the participant suggested that in future, more attention should be given to museum libraries. The officers of the Ministry of Culture of the Republic of Crimea admitted that the Assembly should be held regularly as it served the site to share experiences and improve professional competences of museum specialists of Crimea and Russia, on the whole.
SOVYETLER BİRLİĞİ’NİN DAĞILMASI: KAZAKİSTAN CUMHURİYETİ’NİN BAĞIMSIZLIK SÜRECİNDE TÜRKİYE-KAZAKİSTAN MÜNASEBETLERİ
Authors: Çapa Mesut
Published: January 2019

Mihail Gorbaçov
Başkanlığındaki Sovyet Sosyalist Cumhuriyetler Birliği (SSCB), 1989 yılından
itibaren hızlı bir dağılma sürecine girdi. Ağustos 1991’de Baltık
Cumhuriyetleri ve Ukrayna parlamentosu bağımsızlık kararı aldılar. Ukrayna
parlamentosunun bağımsızlık kararı, 1 Aralık 1991 tarihinde halkoyuna sunularak
kabul edildi. Bunun ardından Brest şehrinde bir araya gelen Rusya, Ukrayna ve
Beyaz Rusya devlet başkanları, “Sodrujestvo
Nezavisimin Gosudarts” (Bağımsız Uluslar Topluluğu-BUT) kurulmasıyla ilgili bir protokol imzaladılar. Rusya, Ukrayna ve
Beyaz Rusya’nın “Bağımsız Uluslar Topluluğu” çatısı altında birleşmeleri, uzun
süredir can çekişen Sovyetler Birliği’nin sonunu hazırladı.

21 Aralık 1991
tarihinde Kazakistan’ın başkenti Alma Ata’da Rusya, Ukrayna, Beyaz Rusya,
Kazakistan, Kırgızistan, Türkmenistan, Özbekistan, Azerbaycan, Tacikistan,
Ermenistan ve Moldovya’nın katılımıyla bir zirve toplandı. Alma Ata Zirvesi’nde
alınan karar üzerine, SSCB’nin tarihe karıştığı dünyaya ilan edildi.

SSCB’nin
dağılması, Orta Asya Türk Cumhuriyetleri için tarihi bir dönüm noktası oldu:
Türk Cumhuriyetleri bağımsızlıklarını kazandılar. Nursultan Nazarbayev
başkanlığındaki Kazakistan Cumhuriyeti de 16 Aralık 1991 tarihinde
bağımsızlığını ilan etti.

Türkiye
Cumhuriyeti, bağımsız Türk Cumhuriyetlerini hemen tanıdı. Ardından bu ülkelerle
başta kültürel olmak üzere çeşitli alanlarda münasebetlere başlandı. Bu
çerçevede konsolosluklar açıldı, üst düzeyde ziyaretler gerçekleştirildi.
Türkiye basınında Türk Cumhuriyetlerine geniş yer verildi.

Makalede,
öncelikle Kazakistan Cumhuriyeti’nin kuruluş sürecinde (1991-1992)
Türkiye-Kazakistan münasebetleri, Türk basınından (Milliyet, Cumhuriyet,
Hürriyet) yararlanılarak ele alınacaktır.
İKİNCİ DÜNYA SAVAŞI SIRASINDA KIRKLARELİ’NDE SOSYAL YARDIMLAŞMA FAALİYETLERİ
Authors: Doğruöz V. Türkan
Published: January 2019

Türkiye, İkinci Dünya Savaşı (1939-1945) sırasında olası bir
tehlike karşısında yurdun savunmasını sağlamak üzere ordusundaki asker sayısını
arttırarak her an savaşa hazır bir ordunun ihtiyaçlarını karşılamaya
çalışmıştır. Savaşa hazır bir ordu bulundurulmasının bir boyutu, ülke savunması
olmakla birlikte; diğer boyutu, ülke ekonomisi üzerinde yarattığı etkilerdir.
Üretici kesiminin büyük kısmının silahaltına alınması üretimin düşmesine,
tüketim maddelerinde fiyatların artmasına ve halkın alım gücünün azalmasına yol
açmıştır. Halkın sosyal ekonomik durumunu rahatlatmak için ülkenin her yerinde
sosyal yardım amaçlı kurumlar kurulmuştur. Bunların başında da Halkevlerinin
Sosyal Yardım Şubeleri, Kızılay, Çocuk Esirgeme Kurumu ve Yardımseverler
Cemiyetleri gelmektedir. Ülke genelinde kurulan bu yardım kuruluşları savaş
koşullarının dar gelirli ve yoksul kesimler üzerinde savaşın yarattığı
sıkıntıları hafifletmek, temel ihtiyaçların karşılanmasına hizmet etmek, yoksul
çocukları korumak, onlara sahip çıkmak gibi işlevleri üstlenmişlerdir. Bu
çalışma, “Trakya’da Yeşilyurt” gazetesinin 1939-1945 baskılarından
yararlanılarak, Kırklareli’nde II. Dünya Savaş sırasında yoksul halka yardım
amaçlı kurulan yardım kuruluşlarının çalışmalarını incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır.
OSMANLI KAYNAKLARINDA GİRİT SEFERİ
Authors: Cengiz Hasan Ali
Published: January 2019

Akdeniz’in kontrolü ve güvenliği
açısından önemli bir konumda olan Girit’e, Osmanlı Devleti’nin 1645 yılında başlattığı sefer, adanın
tümüyle fethedildiği 1669 yılına kadar yaklaşık çeyrek asır sürmüştür. Osmanlı
tarihinde önemli bir yer tutan Girit’in fethi, 
Osmanlı Kroniklerinde geniş bir şekilde yer aldığı gibi, seferi anlatan
pek çok müstakil eser de kaleme alınmıştır. Bu eserlerin çoğu sefere bizzat
katılan kişilerin kaleme aldığı gazâvatnâme türü eserlerdir. Bunun yanı sıra
Osmanlı Arşivlerinde de Girit seferi ile ilgili pek çok belge yer almaktadır.

Girit seferi’nin yer aldığı kaynakların
başında dönemin Osmanlı Tarihi kroniklerinden olan Târîh-i Naîmâ, Silahdar Târîhi, Fezleke, Târih-i Râşid ve Seyahatnâme gelmektedir. Bunların yanında sadece
Girit Seferi’ni anlatan, Tevârih-i
Cezîre-i Girid, Hikâyet-i Azîmet-i
Sefer-i Kandiye, Girid Fethi Tarihi, Ravzatü’l-Ebrar, Cevâhirü’t-Tevârih, Târîh-i
Fazıl Ahmed Paşa gibi monografik eserler de mühimdir. Bu kaynaklarda, Girit
seferi hakkında üzerinde durulan başlıca konular şunlardır: Sefer için yapılan
hazırlıklar, adanın tamamının fethedildiği 1669 yılına kadar olan kara ve deniz
savaşları, savaş sırasında yaşanan olaylar, fethedilen yerlerdeki kale ve
şehirlerin durumu, savaş sırasındaki yazışmalar, azil ve atamalar.

Bu çalışmada, Osmanlı tarihinde yaklaşık çeyrek asır süren Girit
Savaşı’nın, Osmanlı kaynakları ve arşiv belgelerine yansıyan anlatısı benzerlik
veya farklılık bağlamında karşılaştırmalı olarak ele alınmaya çalışılmıştır.
BALKAN SAVAŞLARI’NDA KUŞATILMIŞ BİR ŞEHİR ve KAHRAMAN BİR KUMANDAN: İŞKODRA MÜDAFAASI ve HASAN RIZA PAŞA
Authors: Kaytan Gizem
Published: January 2019

I. Balkan Savaşı’nda Bulgaristan, Yunanistan,
Sırbistan ve Karadağ’ın dâhil olduğu Balkanlı müttefiklere karşı mücadele eden
Osmanlı Devleti, savaşın sonucunda Balkanlarda sahip olduğu toprakların
neredeyse tamamını terk etmek zorunda kalmış ve bu durum devletin yıkılış
sürecini hızlandıran etkenlerden biri olmuştur. Bununla birlikte Balkan
Savaşları Türk tarihi açısından vatan toprağının ne kadar önemli olduğunun
altını çizerken, her daim övgü ile bahsedilecek kahramanlıklara da sahne
olmuştur. Öyle ki savaş sırasında konumu itibariyle merkeze en uzak şehir olan
İşkodra, tüm olumsuz ve zor şartlara rağmen Hasan Rıza Paşa kumandasında
Karadağ ve Sırp destek kuvvetlerine karşı gösterdiği 6,5 aylık müdafaa ile
birlikte en son kaybedilen kale olması bakımından önem teşkil etmektedir. 
Prof. Dr. Necmettin Hacıeminoğlu Hatıra Kitabı, Türk Edebiyatı Vakfı Yayınları, İstanbul 2017, 759 s.
Authors: Yörür Ali
Published: January 2019

İnsanlık âleminde tarihten günümüze kadar eğitim, ilim, irfan sahasında birçok münevver kişiler gelip geçmiştir ki onlar bütün ömrünü kendi vatanı, milleti ve insanlık âleminin yararı için bağışlayıp evlattan evlada anılacak derin izler bıraktılar. Prof. Dr. Necmettin Hacıeminoğlu da bu şahsiyetlerin içinde yer alan münevverlerden biridir.
O acaso, o provável, o determinístico: como concebem e o que conhecem professores do ensino fundamental
Authors: Santana Michaelle Renata Moraes de , Borba Rute Elizabete de Souza Rosa
Published: January 2019

Resumo: A formação básica em probabilidade torna-se indispensável ao cidadão nos dias de hoje e em tempos futuros, pois a sociedade contemporânea requer habilidades que permitam uma leitura ampla da realidade e capacidades de intervenção nas ações sociais e essas têm, muitas vezes, natureza probabilística. Nosso trabalho baseou-se na análise de diversos estudos, identificando as diferentes tendências quanto às noções básicas de probabilidade a serem abordadas no Ensino Fundamental. Participaram do estudo oito professores, quatro dos anos iniciais e quatro dos anos finais, que responderam ao nosso instrumento de pesquisa – uma entrevista relacionada a concepções e conhecimentos probabilísticos. Com isso, pudemos obter informações referentes aos professores, relacionando-as com suas formações iniciais. De um modo geral, pode-se afirmar que há indícios de que a formação inicial influencia na construção de concepções quanto ao ensino de probabilidade e de que se faz necessário possibilitar, durante o processo de formação de professores, discussões referentes a conhecimentos probabilísticos, de forma que os docentes adquiram autonomia para trabalhar com esse conceito, favorecendo uma aprendizagem significativa dos seus alunos.Palavras-chave: Probabilidade; Concepções docentes; Ensino Fundamental. Chance, probability and determinism: what elementary and middle school teachers conceive and what they knowAbstract: Basic learning in probability is indispensable to the citizen today and in future times, since contemporary society requires skills that allow a broad reading of reality and intervention capacities in social actions and these are often probabilistic in nature. Our research was based on the analysis of several studies, identifying the different tendencies regarding the basic notions of probability to be approached in Elementary and Middle School. Eight teachers, four of Elementary School and four of Middle school, answered our research instrument - an interview related to probabilistic conceptions and knowledge. With this, we were able to obtain information about the teachers, relating them to their initial teacher education. In general, it can be affirmed that there is evidence that initial education influences the construction of conceptions regarding the teaching of probability and that it is necessary to enable, during the teacher education process, discussions regarding probabilistic knowledge, so that teachers acquire autonomy to work with this concept, favoring a meaningful learning of their students.Keywords: Probability; Teaching concepts; Elementary and Middle School.
Reflexões e práticas na formação de professores de ciências naturais
Authors: Barboza Renato , Martorano Simone Alves de Assis
Published: January 2019

Resumo: A formação de professores de Ciências tem se mostrado com um dos grandes desafios da área de ensino nas últimas décadas. Isso decorre da sua complexidade. Formar um professor de Ciências apenas valorizando os aspectos pedagógicos da profissão ou, pelo contrário, valorizando apenas o conteúdo científico só fará com que a sua formação seja incompleta e insuficiente para lidar com os desafios do mundo atual. Assim, neste artigo apresentamos algumas reflexões sobre as práticas realizadas no nosso grupo com intuito de aprimorar a formação inicial de professores de Ciências. Apoiadas sobre a necessidade de existir uma base mínima de saberes inerentes à formação docente, estas práticas visaram trabalhar com aspectos relacionados com a atividade docente, seja os relacionados com o conhecimento dos conteúdos pedagógicos e contexto ou com os conhecimentos do conteúdo específico necessário à formação deste professor. Longe de apontar soluções, estes trabalhos vêm ressaltar a necessidade do trabalho integrado e aplicado em vários momentos da formação do estudante com o propósito de provê-lo de habilidades e competências que os auxiliarão em sua atuação profissional.Palavras-chave: Ensino de Ciências; Ciências Naturais; Formação de Professores. Reflections and practices in teacher’s education of natural sciencesAbstract: The science Teacher education has been shown with one of the great challenges of the teaching area in the last decades. This is due to its complexity. To train a science teacher only by valuing the pedagogical aspects of the profession or, on the contrary, valuing only the scientific content will only make its education incomplete and insufficient to deal with the challenges of the world today. Thus, in this article we present some thought on the practices carried out in our group to improve the initial natural sciences teacher education. Based on the necessity to have a minimum of knowledge inherent in teacher education, these practices aimed to work with aspects related to the teaching activity, be they related to the knowledge of the pedagogical content and context or to the knowledge of the specific content necessary to the formation of this teacher. Far from pointing out solutions, these works highlight the necessity for an integrated and applied work in different moments of the student's education with the purpose of providing him with skills and competences that will assist them in their professional performance.Keywords: Science Teaching; Natural Sciences; Teacher’s Education.
Compreensão do conceito de taxa de variação por professores em formação continuada
Authors: Bisognin Vanilde , Bisognin Eleni
Published: January 2019

Resumo: Neste trabalho, são apresentados resultados de uma pesquisa que tem como objetivo analisar como professores em formação continuada, participantes da disciplina de Fundamentos de Cálculo Diferencial de um curso de Mestrado em Ensino de Matemática, interpretam e relacionam as informações explicitadas pelas diferentes representações do conceito de taxa de variação. Para tanto foi aplicada uma sequência de atividades sobre as diferentes representações do conceito de taxa de variação e as respostas das questões foram analisadas e categorizadas. Os resultados apontam que, apesar de terem trabalhado o conceito de taxa de variação em seus cursos de licenciatura em Matemática, alguns professores ainda apresentam dificuldades para compreender esse conceito e relacionar suas diferentes representações. Pela análise dos dados, considera-se que as atividades propostas proporcionaram a evolução da ideia intuitiva de taxa de variação e favoreceram a compreensão desse conceito pelos participantes da pesquisa.Palavras-chave: Taxa de variação; Formação de professores; Imagem de conceito; Definição de conceito. Comprehension of the variation rate concept by teachers in continued trainingAbstract: In this work, results of a research are presented that aim to analyze how teachers in continuous formation, participants in the discipline of Fundamentals of Differential and Integral Calculus of a Master course in Mathematics Teaching, interpret and relate the information explained by the different representations of the concept of rate of variation. For this, a sequence of activities was applied on the different representations of the concept of rate of variation and the answers of the questions were analyzed and categorized. The results show that, although they have worked on the concept of rate of variation in their undergraduate courses in Mathematics, some teachers still find it difficult to understand this concept and to relate their different representations. By analyzing the data, it is considered that the proposed activities provided the evolution of the intuitive idea of rate of variation and favored the understanding of this concept by the research participants.Keywords: Rate of variation; Teacher training; Concept image; Definition of concept.
Aprendizagem da álgebra segundo Raymond Duval
Authors: Brandt Celia Finck , Moretti Méricles Thadeu
Published: January 2019

Resumo: O artigo apresenta especificidades para o ensino da álgebra. Essas ideias contemplam uma abordagem cognitiva necessária para a aprendizagem da álgebra de acordo com Raymond Duval. Segundo o autor o ponto de vista cognitivo é incompatível com o ponto de vista matemático segundo o qual os objetivos globais são resolver equações e, para isso o importante é conhecer as letras. De acordo com o ponto de vista cognitivo o conhecimento das letras não é o objetivo principal. Para o autor a operação cognitiva de designação de objetos e relações é essencial. Também é preciso levar os alunos a elaborarem problemas, trabalhar com fórmulas, com tabelas de dupla entrada e com listas abertas para colocar em cena a função de condensação do padrão de regularidade na qual as letras entram para designar esse padrão. No texto são contemplados exemplos e dados empíricos resultantes de pesquisa desenvolvida pelos autores na aplicação das ideias em situações de ensino.Palavras-chave: Aprendizagem da álgebra; Operações de designação; Abordagem semio-cognitiva. Learning algebra, according to Raymond DuvalAbstract: This article presents certain aspects for the teaching of algebra. The following ideas contemplate a cognitive approach, which is necessary for learning algebra, according to Duval. The author defends that the cognitive perspective is incompatible with the mathematical perspective, whose global objective is to solve equations; to achieve that goal, the important thing is to know the given letters. According to the cognitive point of view, the knowledge of letters is not the main objective. For the author, the cognitive operation of designating objects and relations is essential. One must also get students to work out problems and work with formulas, double-entry tables, and open lists, in order to prioritize the function of condensing the regularity pattern, in which the letters come in to designate exactly this pattern. In the article, there are examples and empirical data, resulting from a research developed by the authors in the application of ideas in teaching situations.Keywords: Learning algebra; Designation operations; Semio-cognitive approach.
Formação contínua de professores: uma análise com base em artigos, dissertações e teses
Authors: Beltrão Isabel Do Socorro Lobato , Forsberg Maria Clara Da Silva , Ghedin Evandro , Kalhil Josefina Barrera
Published: January 2019

Resumo: O trabalho apresenta resultados de um estudo que analisou a produção acadêmica sobre formação contínua de professores, com base na análise de dissertações e teses defendidas em Programas de Pós-Graduação vinculados às áreas de Educação e Ensino e de artigos publicados em periódicos nessas áreas. No foco do estudo, estiveram presentes a frequência da pesquisa, os programas de pós-graduação, as áreas de origem, níveis de ensino e sujeitos envolvidos. O objetivo do estudo foi analisar características da pesquisa sobre a formação contínua do professor que atua nos cursos de licenciatura em matemática. A partir do agrupamento dos trabalhos em duas categorias, pesquisa sobre formação contínua de professores e sobre formação do professor formador de professores de Matemática, foi possível inferir que, a formação contínua do professor, em particular a formação do professor que atua nos cursos de licenciatura em matemática ainda é um campo marcado por escassez de pesquisas.Palavras-chave: Formação contínua; Formação de professores; Professor de matemática. Continuous training of teachers: on based the analysis of articles, dissertations and thesesAbstract: The paper presents results of study that analyzed the academic production on continuous training of teachers, based on the analysis of dissertations and theses defended in Graduate Programs linked to areas of education and teaching, and articles published in journals in these areas. The focus of the study were the frequency of the research, post graduate programs, areas of origin, education levels and the subjects involved. The aim of this study was to analyze the characteristics of research on the continuous training of teacher’s that acts in the courses of Bachelor's degree in mathematics. From the grouping of jobs into two categories, research on continuous teacher training and on training the trainer professor of mathematics teachers, it was possible to infer on the continuous training of teachers, in particular the formation of the teacher who acts the degree in mathematics courses is still a field marked by lack of research.Keywords: Continuous formation; Training of teachers; Mathematics teacher.