bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sustainable materials and techniques in affordable high-rise buildings - A case study
Authors: Kumar Rajesh , Aggarwal Vanita , Surinder M. Gupta
Published: October 2021

Sustainability is a crucial issue since the last decade as the building sector, directly or indirectly cause a considerable portion of the annual environmental deterioration. Due to increase in houses’ demand, leading to consumption of more resources, energy and raw materials which are directly responsible for the rise in carbon content in air and which are harmful to human health and environment. To overcome these various environmental impacts, we need to build with more sustainable materials which will reduce the impacts on environment. Design of a building is essential and it becomes crucial when we talk about affordable housing. [1] India needs not only affordable housing, but also homes that are energy efficient and designed using sustainable techniques. The green buildings design should thus begin with the use and selection of eco-friendly materials with related or better features than traditional building materials. [2] The paper aims at sustainable development in affordable high-rise buildings with fast track techniques and procedures to reduce overall time and cost of the project.
Combination of taguchi method and moora method for multi-objective optimization of SCM400 steel milling process
Authors: Trung Do Duc , Quang Nguyen Huu , Lam Pham Duc , Linh Nguyen Hong , Lam Le Quang , Hung Le Xuan , Tuan Nguyen Anh
Published: October 2021

Abstract. In this article, a study on multi-objective optimization of the milling process is presented. CNC milling machine, cutting tool as TiAlN, experimental material as SCM400 steel and coolant as Caltex Aquatex 3180 oil have been used in the experiment. The objective of this study is to simultaneously ensure the minimum surface roughness and the maximum material removal rate (MRR). Taguchi method has been applied to design an experimental matrix with five input parameters, including coolant flow, coolant pressure, cutting velocity, feed rate, and cutting depth. Analysis of experimental results by Pareto chart has determined the effect of input parameters on output parameters. Moora method has been applied to determine the values of input parameters to simultaneously ensure the two criteria as mentioned above. Finally, the direction for further research has also been recommended in this study
A Framework for Surface Modification by Electrical Discharge Coating using Variable Density Electrodes
Authors: Khan Mohd Yunus , Rao P. S. , Pabla B.S.
Published: October 2021

Surface modification is the process of altering physical or chemical characteristics of the work-piece surface. In this paper, various surface modification techniques have been discussed. One of the most appropriate surface modification technique is electrical discharge coating (EDC), in which the hard material is made to deposit onto the work-piece in a state of reverse polarity condition. Different mechanisms of carrying out EDC are presented. Deliberate material transfer takes place by using electrodes or by dispersant of metal powders into the di-electric. A detailed review of the literature on the theme of surface modification through the EDC has been conducted. In last, a framework for conducting surface modification by EDC employing using density electrodes of same material is presented.
Effect of various parameters on the workability and strength properties of geopolymer concrete
Authors: Sai Ketana Nutakki , Srinivasa Reddy V , Seshagiri Rao M V , Shrihari S
Published: October 2021

In the present study, effect of various molarities of NaOH, various fly ash content and alkaline activator solution (AAS) / fly ash(FA) ratios on the workability of geopolymer concrete(GPC) are studied along with the effect of use of Na2SiO3/NaOH and K2SiO3/KOH as alkaline activator solutions and various fly ash contents on the compressive strength of geopolymer concrete mixes. Observations shows that both Na2SiO3/NaOH and K2SiO3/KOH gives better performance for different molar, AAS/FA and oxide ratios. Class C GPC has better performance than Class F GPC. It was found that the increase in molarity decreases workability of geopolymer concrete. Also, the workability increases with increase in fly ash (FA) content and AAS/FA ratio in geopolymer concrete. Compressive and split tensile strengths decrease with increase in fly ash content.
A Flexible Accession for Brain Tumour Detection and Classification using AI Methodologies: Survey
Authors: Manaswi V Ramya , Sankarababu B
Published: October 2021

In order to get a successful and appropriate treatment for the disorder regarding health, précised and identifying it early is much important in the scenario of brain tumor treatment. Prior knowledge and detection of the tumor helps to cope up with good medication, and also helps in saving a life in due time. Bio-medical informatics(BI) and Computer aided diagnosis(CAD) are benefiting neurooncologists in many ways. Machine learning algorithms are now used to do Image processing on medical images and contrast with the information due to manual diagnosis of Brain tumor which is always a tedious task because of human error is indulged. When compared with manual traditional practices, Computer aided mechanisms are compared to obtain better results. In this paper we are presenting the existing models or architectures overview of various researchers who dedicatedly addressed and worked on this tedious task.
Taguchi Optimization In Machining Inconel 600 With WEDM Process Using Cryogenically Treated Brass Wire
Authors: Satyanarayana K. , Krishna B Ramya , Bhargavi M. , Vasuki R. Eswari , Kiran K. Raj
Published: October 2021

Wire electric discharge machining (WEDM) is one amongst the unconventional machining processes which might cut all kinds of shapes with an accuracy of +/−0.001mm. It will cut the materials that conduct electricity and can even cut the exotic metals like tungsten carbide, Hastelloy, Inconel etc. In the present work, machining on Inconel 600 by wire EDM with cryogenically treated brass wire is performed. Brass wire of 0.25mm diameter has been cryogenically treated at −90°C, −100°C and −110°C temperatures separately. An Experimental layout is designed as per Taguchi’s L-9 orthogonal array and experiments were conducted by varying machining parameters viz. Voltage, Pulse ON time and Pulse OFF time. The machining parameters are optimized using Taguchi’s methodology for minimum surface roughness and maximum metal removal rate (MRR). A Mathematical regression model for surface roughness and MRR is generated with the help of regression analysis. Through the Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) It was found that for MRR, pulse on time is the foremost contributing factor with 32.69% and for surface roughness, pulse off time is the foremost contributing factor with 23.59%.
Studies on effect of sugarcane bagasse fibre on mechanical properties and workability of low calcium fly ash and slag based geopolymer concrete
Authors: Srinivas T. , Chandana Srimanthula , Ramana Rao N V
Published: October 2021

Individuals from the group of inorganic polymers are known as geopolymers. The geopolymer material's compound organisation is similar to that of typical zeolitic materials, however the microstructure is undefined rather than translucent. The polymerisation interaction includes a considerably quick substance response under antacid condition on Si-Al minerals and that meets the basic properties of concrete as well as falls under classification of manageability. Utilization of various fibres like steel, glass, sugarcane bagasse etc, significantly influences fresh and hardened properties of concrete. Sugarcane bagasse fibre is a by-product from sugar industries and can be used as a fibre in concrete. The target of this paper is to study an effect of sugarcane bagasse fibre on mechanical properties such as compressive, tensile and flexural sgength and also the workability of low calcium fly ash (Class-F) and slag based geopolymer concrete of G40 grade which is équivalent to M40.. Sugarcane baggase ash fibre has been used for both the concencrte G40 and M40 as 0.5%,1%,1.5%,2%. All the samples were casted and oven cured at 60o for 24 hours after one day rest period and remaining days cured in an ambient temperature, then tested on 3rd, 7th and 28th day to assess the mechanical properties, such as Compressive, Tensile, and Flexure strength. The results were compared among controlled concrete (CC), controlled concrete with sugarcane bagasse fibre (CCF), geopolymer concrete (GPC) and geopolymer concrete with sugarcane bagasse fibre (GPCF). The results revealed that with addition of SCBF, the mechanical properties have been enhanced significantly.
A Survey on Accurate Breast Cancer Detection and Classification using Machine Learning Approach
Authors: Sandeep D. , Beena Bethel G. N.
Published: October 2021

This survey paper is used to discuss about the detection of breast cancer tissues using different machine learning algorithms. Identification of cancers using scanned images are very important for correct diagnosis. Many algorithms are present for detection of cancer using image processing techniques, all these algorithms have the main goal of detecting those cell tissues. Each algorithm has their own assumptions and advantages, here is a review of some of those algorithms for breast cancer detection. This paper highlights the algorithms and their assumptions of the prior published papers.
Survey Analysis of Robust and Real-Time Multi-Lane and Single Lane Detection in Indian Highway Scenarios
Authors: Hanuman A. Sai , Kumar G. Prasanna
Published: October 2021

Studies on lane detection Lane identification methods, integration, and evaluation strategies square measure all examined. The system integration approaches for building a lot of strong detection systems are then evaluated and analyzed, taking into account the inherent limits of camera-based lane detecting systems. Present deep learning approaches to lane detection are inherently CNN's semantic segmentation network the results of the segmentation of the roadways and the segmentation of the lane markers are fused using a fusion method. By manipulating a huge number of frames from a continuous driving environment, we examine lane detection, and we propose a hybrid deep architecture that combines the convolution neural network (CNN) and the continuous neural network (CNN) (RNN). Because of the extensive information background and the high cost of camera equipment, a substantial number of existing results concentrate on vision-based lane recognition systems. Extensive tests on two large-scale datasets show that the planned technique outperforms rivals' lane detection strategies, particularly in challenging settings. A CNN block in particular isolates information from each frame before sending the CNN choices of several continuous frames with time-series qualities to the RNN block for feature learning and lane prediction.
A Review of Different Configurations and Control Techniques for DSTATCOM in the Distribution system
Authors: Sree Jyothi Khammampati R , Venkatesh Kumar P. , JayaKumar J.
Published: October 2021

This paper presents a review of DSTATCOM Topologies and power quality control Techniques. The used topologies are Three-phase Three-wire and Three-phase four-wire and control techniques are Instantaneous reactive power theory(IRP), Synchronous Reference Frame Theory(SRF), Model Predictive Control (MPC), Sliding mode control(SMC), Adaptive Neuro-fuzzy interface systems(ANFIS) and Artificial intelligence based controllers. These control techniques are used to mitigate the reactive power compensation, load balancing, Neutral current compensation, harmonics reduction and maintains the Total harmonic Distortion in IEEE519 standards. Performance investigated in Single-phase Distribution systems by connecting with STATCOM and without DSTATCOM in MATLAB/SIMULINK
Remote Monitoring and Control for an Isolate Prototype Substation Model
Authors: Sandhya Rani G , Vijaya Laxmi U , Srividya Devi P , Naga Sandhya Rani M
Published: October 2021

The objective of this paper is to monitor the electrical parameters like voltage, current, etc., remotely and display all the obtained real time values for a substation isolate. This paper is furnished to assure the load and electrical system equipment by the activation of relay, whenever the acquired parameters exceed the predefined values. Generally, this Proposed system design makes use of microcontroller, but the prototype of this circuit modelled in Proteus and can be executed by using ATmega 168 microcontroller. When supply is given to the designed hardware, all the sensors start sensing their respective parameters i. e., voltage, current, temperature etc., and modernize all the values on the display. Comparison between the problem-solving time values and the preordained values is continuously carried out by the microcontroller, if any of these values go beyond the pre-defined values, it sends fault alert to the relay, updates it on the screen and sends the same as an SMS through GSM for the rectification.
Automatic Load Sharing of Distribution Transformers to Reduce Over all Losses in Distribution network
Authors: Ravikumar V , Ranjith S , Bhavyasree T
Published: October 2021

An increase in the development of Industries and rapid growth in the population has led to an increase in the power demand in the distribution network. With these increased needs, the existing distribution transformer have become overloaded conditions. Due to overload on the transformer, the efficiency and power factor drops and also it led to increase in the transformer voltage regulation and windings get overheated. This paper presents a novel topology called transformer auto stop-start that will automatically energise and de-energise, one pair of transformers at a kV/V Distribution network. In this way, the proposed technique reduces overall electric losses. Performance of transformer under different load conditions are illustrated by simulation.
Plastic as substituent material for fine aggregate in concrete
Authors: Suram Raju , Srinivas T. , Naresh kumar Varma Vegiraju
Published: October 2021

The Plastic is a part of our lives due to its daily usage. So, the consumption of plastic is increasing every year. The decomposition of plastic takes more than thousand years because of its non-biodegradable nature. The plastic harms the society and surrounding environment in all aspects. So, the best way to control the pollution posed by the plastic is recycling. The exponential growth in construction industry, the demand for natural aggregates increases but leads to depletion of natural resources. To overcome this issue plastic used as a fine aggregate replacement in concrete. The majority of the waste coming from the plastic bottles (Polyethylene Terephthalate) and food containers (Polypropylene). So, the recycled Polyethylene Terephthalate and Polypropylene used as a fine aggregate in concrete with percentages of 5%,10%,15%. This paper objective is to assess the effect of Polyethylene Terephthalate and Polypropylene on compressive strength and workability. The workability and compressive strength of PET and PP have given good results up to10%and 5%. It has been observed from the test results that 5% and 10% is optimum for Polypropylene (PP) and Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET)as fine aggregate in concrete respectively.
Blast Response of Elevated Water Tank Staging with Metallic Damper
Authors: Balaraju Boda , Manchalwar Atulkumar
Published: October 2021

In the present paper work an attempt has been made to study the dynamic behaviour of the elevated water tank staging by using x-plate metallic damper subjected to blast induced ground vibrations. The main objective of this study is to reduce the damage of the elevated water tank by providing structural response control devices. The water tank staging is modelled in SAP 2000 and non-linear time history analysis is carried out to know the performance of the metallic damper under four different intensity blast induced ground motions and comparing the performance of structure without damper case. After the completion of analysis, the results show that by using metallic damper bending moment, shear force and displacements are comparatively reduced when compared to the without damper case. From this study observed that metallic x-plate damper is effectively reduced the structural responses under blast excitations.
A Comparative Analysis of Data Aggregation Based Routing Protocols Hierarchies and Comparing Secure Data Aggregation Protocols in Wireless Sensor Networks
Authors: Akila V , Sheela T , Prashanthi Vempaty , Kiran P Kumar , Bharadwaj P N S Sowmya
Published: October 2021

Sensor nodes deployed in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are battery powered. It operates at low voltage. The main challenge in WSNs is to reduce energy consumption so that it increases the lifetime of the sensor nodes. The goal is achieved by using data aggregation technique and also by selecting the appropriate routing strategy. Sensor nodes are commonly arranged in unmanned location; the security of data plays another important role. In order to provide reliable data to the destination, there are various approaches designed for security. In this paper, we analyzed the various existing approaches for data routing, data aggregation and data security.
Artificial Intelligent Technique based Double-Frequency Analysis on a Single-Phase Grid-connected Inverter
Authors: Maheeth P V S , Srividya Devi P , Sirisha P
Published: October 2021

Now a days more power losses can be seen in grid connected inverter. In order to reduce that double frequency in single phase grid inverter with Artificial Intelligent based fuzzy control is implemented. The inverter has two operating units High Frequency Unit (HFU) and Low Frequency Unit (LFU), low frequency reduce switching losses and high frequency suppress the symphonious currents. The fuzzy logic method expected towards deliver high yield, low total symphonious distortion, rapid response. Finally Total Symphonious Distortion (THD) contrasted among fuzzy including Integral controls (PI). The results are validated by using MATLAB/Simulink.
Artificial Intelligence (AI) Framework for Multi-Modal Learning and Decision Making towards Autonomous and Electric Vehicles
Authors: Ramesh G. , Praveen J.
Published: October 2021

An electric vehicle with autonomous driving is a possibility provided technology innovations in multi-disciplinary approach. Electric vehicles leverage environmental conditions and are much desired in the contemporary world. Another great possibility is to strive for making the vehicle to drive itself (autonomous driving) provided instructions. When the two are combined, it leads to a different dimension of environmental safety and technology driven driving that has many pros and cons as well. It is still in its infancy and there is much research to be carried out. In this context, this paper is aimed at building an Artificial Intelligence (AI) framework that has dual goal of “monitoring and regulating power usage” and facilitating autonomous driving with technology-driven and real time knowledge required. A methodology is proposed with multiple deep learning methods. For instance, deep learning is used for localization of vehicle, path planning at high level and path planning for low level. Apart from this, there is reinforcement learning and transfer learning to speed up the process of gaining real time business intelligence. To facilitate real time knowledge discovery from given scenarios, both edge and cloud resources are appropriately exploited to benefit the vehicle as driving safety is given paramount importance. There is power management module where modular Recurrent Neural Network is used. Another module known as speed control is used to have real time control over the speed of the vehicle. The usage of AI framework makes the electronic and autonomous vehicles realize unprecedented possibilities in power management and safe autonomous driving.

Key words:

Artificial Intelligence

Autonomous Driving

Recurrent Neural Network

Transfer Learning
Nonlinear Seismic Performance of a Building Using Base Isolation Method
Authors: mallela Vishal Yadav , manchalwar Atulkumar
Published: October 2021

Researches in past reviewed for base isolation analysis using response spectrum it is found that the design in ancient time are not sure and safe due to lake of technology and lesser software analysis availabilities. Some countries applied base isolation these days and the building response constructed with base isolation performed better at practical ground. The response of base isolated building is lesser in terms of amplitude and the cost of the building can also be optimized. Many researchers studied for this subject and they concluded that base isolation must be applied in critical seismic zones and the isolators must be used to save lives and properties. It is seen that Indian construction practices are lacking to apply use of base isolation in building design. It is suggested in the end that it must be motivated to study and research base isolation in Indian constrains and conditions.
Digital image correlation for structural health monitoring – a review
Authors: Tharun Kumar Reddy K , Koniki Srikanth
Published: October 2021

This paper presents a detailed review of the use of digital image correlation on structural health monitoring. The durability of structures like bridges and buildings etc., need to monitor continuously. Structural health monitoring plays a vital role in assets and planning. Detailed knowledge on digital image correlation concerning structural health monitoring and civil engineering applications is presented in this paper.
Comparison of soil moisture content measurement between Internet of Things (IoT) and traditional methods
Authors: Guduru Swetha , Radhika K , Sukesh Chandana , Srilakshmi P
Published: October 2021

Soil is a composition of Sand, Silt and Clay. From three phase concept, it is clear that the soil consists of solids, water and air. The ratio of weight of water to weight of solids for a given soil mass is known as water content of soil. In other words, the water content (w) also known as natural water content or natural moisture content. Water content is used in a wide range of scientific and technical areas, and is expressed as a ratio, which can range from zero to the value of the soil porosity at saturation. Traditionally, the water content is measured by pycnometer or oven dry methods which would generally take 24 hours to determine the water content soil. As the time is important these days, several smart advances are occurred in determining the moisture content through Internet of Things (IoT). In this project, the water content of soil is measured through IoT sensors and traditional methods. Present work involves in which different soil samples are taken along the road construction site and classifying them with the help of sieve analysis, Atterberg limits and plasticity chart and moisture content measurement using internet of things (IoT) and traditional methods are compared. Also, find a possible correlation developed between the soil moisture content by traditional methods and through IoT.
Design and Development of Wireless power transfer system for Intracranial pressure monitoring devices
Authors: Sravya Duvvuru , Bobba Phaneendra Babu , Jain Avni Majawadia
Published: October 2021

Wireless power transfer was today used for many applications regarding high power and low power transmission. Biomedical applications are lower power applications where WPT occurs between the power coils, one of which will be implanted in the body whereas other will be outside the body as Transmitting coil. Here the paper refers to the Wireless power transfer system to Intracranial Pressure monitoring devices. The proposed system operates at 180 KHz frequency for both Magnetic resonant coil design and WPT system analysis. The Mixed Resonance scheme at receiving side will be used as compensation topology for compatibility in Power delivered to load. Analysis and comparison for different coil structures are also verified for best suitable configuration for efficient power transfer.
Comparative study on aerated concrete using steam curing and conventional curing method
Authors: Rohith T Y Naidu , Satyanarayana G.V.V
Published: October 2021

Aerated concrete is made by introducing gas into concrete, the number dependent upon the necessities for strength. One methodology to attain this can be by utilizing Al Powder that reacts with the lime made upon association of the cement. The aim of the present study was to research the comparison between the steam curing method and the conventional curing method. The results specified that a rise in powdered aluminium content caused a decrease within the compressive strength, and an increase in change in volume when the aluminium powder is increased.
Corrosion assessment of structural components using electro mechanical impedance
Authors: Sai Pravallika N. Naga , Mallikarjuna Reddy V. , Konda Reddy B. Siva
Published: October 2021

Rapid innovation in interdisciplinary technology emphasized the data acquisition system to evaluate the structural integrity by combining with advance sensing techniques. These smart sensors with impedance methodology has shown an excellent potential in assessing the structural health condition and provided an alternative to many sophisticated Non destructive monitoring systems. The sensitivity of electro mechanical impedance technique in detecting local incipient damages is enhanced with piezoelectric mechanism of lead zirconate titanate materials and with conductance signatures these materials can determine the dynamic variations in structural properties more effectively. In the present work numerical finite element analysis is conducted on simply supported RCC beam in Abaqus software with reinforcement subjected to corrosion in five stages with different reduction rates and coupled with piezoelectric transducers along the length to implement the impedance strategy. These surface bonded piezoelectric patches are electrically excited with an external voltage under specific frequency range to conduct linear perturbation harmonic analysis and the output conductance responses of healthy and corroded beams from different sensor locations are captured and compared. The peak shifting nature of signature pattern will serve as an indicator to diagnose the corrosion severity and propagation in structural components. The simulation results of proposed impedance technique showed the feasibility of employing piezoelectric materials to identify corrosion activity in structural members with electromechanical conductivity signatures.
A review on the internet of things in civil engineering: enabling technologies, applications and challenges
Authors: Gunturi Manisha
Published: October 2021

The new technology and concepts of IoT is gaining a lot of interest in the recent years. This technology aims at improving the\ quality and productivity in various domains. The Internet of Things (IoT) is about the use of sensors and smart devices and to utilize data collected by these embedded sensors and actuators for automation. The technology has proven its significance in many domains and is successfully being used in the various fields of civil engineering. The application of the IoT is paving its way towards smart and sustainable infrastructure. This paper proposes to contemplate the status of usage of IoT in Civil Engineering, its issues and difficulties.
A new entropy-variable-based discretization method for minimum entropy moment approximations of linear kinetic equations
Authors: Leibner Tobias , Ohlberger Mario
Published: October 2021

In this contribution we derive and analyze a new numerical method for kinetic equations based on a variable transformation of the moment approximation. Classical minimum-entropy moment closures are a class of reduced models for kinetic equations that conserve many of the fundamental physical properties of solutions. However, their practical use is limited by their high computational cost, as an optimization problem has to be solved for every cell in the space-time grid. In addition, implementation of numerical solvers for these models is hampered by the fact that the optimization problems are only well-defined if the moment vectors stay within the realizable set. For the same reason, further reducing these models by, e.g., reduced-basis methods is not a simple task. Our new method overcomes these disadvantages of classical approaches. The transformation is performed on the semi-discretized level which makes them applicable to a wide range of kinetic schemes and replaces the nonlinear optimization problems by inversion of the positive-definite Hessian matrix. As a result, the new scheme gets rid of the realizability-related problems. Moreover, a discrete entropy law can be enforced by modifying the time stepping scheme. Our numerical experiments demonstrate that our new method is often several times faster than the standard optimization-based scheme.
Current Approach to Planning Angiography and MAA Administration
Authors: Commander Clayton W. , Mauro David M.
Published: October 2021

Transarterial radioembolization of primary and secondary hepatic malignancies utilizing yttrium-90 microspheres is a commonly performed treatment by interventional radiologists. Traditionally performed as a two-part procedure, a diagnostic angiography is performed 1 to 3 weeks prior to treatment with the injection of technetium-99m-macroaggregated albumin followed by planar scintigraphy in the nuclear medicine department. Careful attention must be paid to the details during the diagnostic angiography to ensure the delivery of a safe and optimal dose to the diseased liver and to minimize radiation-induced damage to both unaffected liver and adjacent structures. In this article, we will review the steps and considerations that must be made during the angiography planning and discuss current and future areas of research.
Recognizing and Managing Adverse Events in Y-90 Radioembolization
Authors: Laidlaw Grace L. , Johnson Guy E.
Published: October 2021

Transarterial radioembolization using yttrium-90 (Y-90) microspheres is an important therapy in the management of unresectable primary liver tumors or hepatic metastases. While radioembolization is generally well-tolerated, it is not free from adverse events, and familiarity with the prevention and treatment of radioembolization-specific complications is an important component of patient care. This article aims to review radioembolization-specific toxicities stratified by hepatic, extrahepatic, and systemic effects, with a focus on preventing and mitigating radioembolization-induced morbidity.
Rare Case of Spontaneous Pneumorrhachis in a Young Male with COVID-19
Authors: Reddy Vikas , Jajodia Ankush , Pasricha Sunil , Goyal Sumit , Puri Sunil
Published: October 2021

Here we present a rare case of spontaneous pneumomediastinum complicated with pneumorrhachis (PR) in a young man who is a known case of carcinoma rectosigmoid region. Our young male was diagnosed with novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and remained asymptomatic for any respiratory complaints. Though an association of pneumomediastinum has been reported in COVID 19 patients, to the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of PR in a COVID-19 oncological case. The role of a radiologist is to identify this condition as cases reported earlier may have serious neurological consequences. Pursuing the cause can be a diagnostic challenge but it reaps the clinical benefit in the appropriate management.
Health Intelligence Atlas: A Core Tool for Public Health Intelligence
Authors: Wilson Gabriela M. , Ball Marion J. , Szczesny Peter , Haymann Samuel , Polyak Mark , Holmes Talmage , Silva John S.
Published: October 2021

Background The dramatic increase in complexity and volume of health data has challenged traditional health systems to deliver useful information to their users. The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has further exacerbated this problem and demonstrated the critical need for the 21st century approach. This approach needs to ingest relevant, diverse data sources, analyze them, and generate appropriate health intelligence products that enable users to take more effective and efficient actions for their specific challenges.

Objectives This article characterizes the Health Intelligence Atlas (HI-Atlas) development and implementation to produce Public Health Intelligence (PHI) that supports identifying and prioritizing high-risk communities by public health authorities. The HI-Atlas moves from post hoc observations to a proactive model-based approach for preplanning COVID-19 vaccine preparedness, distribution, and assessing the effectiveness of those plans.

Results Details are presented on how the HI-Atlas merged traditional surveillance data with social intelligence multidimensional data streams to produce the next level of health intelligence. Two-model use cases in a large county demonstrate how the HI-Atlas produced relevant PHI to inform public health decision makers to (1) support identification and prioritization of vulnerable communities at risk for COVID-19 spread and vaccine hesitancy, and (2) support the implementation of a generic model for planning equitable COVID-19 vaccine preparedness and distribution.

Conclusion The scalable models of data sources, analyses, and smart hybrid data layer visualizations implemented in the HI-Atlas are the Health Intelligence tools designed to support real-time proactive planning and monitoring for COVID-19 vaccine preparedness and distribution in counties and states.
Consequences of Rapid Telehealth Expansion in Nursing Homes: Promise and Pitfalls
Authors: Powell Kimberly R. , Alexander Gregory L.
Published: October 2021

Background Expectations regarding use and potential benefits of telehealth (TH) in nursing homes (NHs) are high; however, unplanned and unexpected consequences can occur as a result of major policy and technological changes.

Objectives The goal of this study was to elicit stakeholder perspectives of consequences of rapid TH expansion in NHs.

Methods Using a qualitative descriptive design, we drew a sample based on findings from a national study examining trends in NH information and technology (IT) maturity, including TH use. We used maximum variation sampling to purposively select participants who (1) participated in our IT maturity survey for two consecutive years, (2) completed year 1 of the IT maturity survey prior to TH expansion (before March 6, 2020) and year 2 after TH expansion (after March 6, 2020), (3) represented a broad range of facility characteristics, and (4) were identified as an end user of TH or responsible for TH implementation. Using six questions from the IT maturity survey, we created a total TH score for each facility and selected participants representing a range of scores.

Results Interviews were conducted with (n = 21) NH administrators and clinicians from 16 facilities. We found similarities and differences in perceptions of TH expansion according to facility TH score, NH location, and participant role. Desirable consequences included four subthemes as follows: (1) benefits of avoiding travel for the NH resident, (2) TH saving organizational resources, (3) improved access to care, and (4) enhanced communication. Undesirable consequences include the following five subthemes: (1) preference for in-person encounters, (2) worsening social isolation, (3) difficulty for residents with cognitive impairment, (4) workflow and tech usability challenges, and (5) increased burden on NH staff/infrastructure. Participants from rural NHs perceived lack of training, poor video/sound quality, and internet/connectivity issues to be potential pitfalls.

Conclusion Clinicians and NH administrators should consider leveraging the desirable consequences of rapid TH expansion and implement mitigation strategies to address the undesirable/unanticipated consequences.
From the theater to the hippodrome: A critique of Jeffrey Green’s theory of plebiscitary democracy and an alternative
Authors: Illés Gábor , Körösényi András
Published: October 2021

The article argues that the theory of plebiscitary leader democracy (PLD), originally developed by Max Weber, is in its somewhat rejuvenated version a helpful framework in interpreting longer-term and more recent empirical trends in contemporary democracies, such as the growing personalization of politics, the emergence of populist leaders, rising levels of polarization, and the growing importance of social media. However, to realize the potential of the theory, it should be detached from Jeffrey Green’s most original, yet insufficiently realistic elaboration of plebiscitary democracy that he made a decade ago. The article argues that instead of a passive and unifiable entity, the citizenry should be thought of as reactive and deeply divided, a setting which can be characterized by the metaphor of the infamous Byzantine chariot races rather than that of the theater, implicit in Green’s theory. Plebiscitary democracy should be thought of as representational, where popular control is manifested as the veto power of the popular voice. Additionally, despite its realist minimalism, the theory we propose may still have some critical potential, because it adopts the refurbished ideal of competition. The article closes by identifying further avenues of theoretization leading towards a more elaborate view of PLD.
Investigation of a dynamics-oriented engineering approach to ultraprecision machining of freeform surfaces and its implementation perspectives
Authors: Khaghani Ali , Cheng Kai
Published: October 2021

In current precision and ultraprecision machining practice, the positioning and control of actuation systems, such as slideways and spindles, are heavily dependent on the use of linear or rotary encoders. However, positioning control is passive because of the lack of direct monitoring and control of the tool and workpiece positions in the dynamic machining process and also because it is assumed that the machining system is rigid and the cutting dynamics are stable. In ultraprecision machining of freeform surfaces using slow tool servo mode in particular, however, account must be taken of the machining dynamics and dynamic synchronization of the cutting tool and workpiece positioning. The important question also arises as to how ultraprecision machining systems can be designed and developed to work better in this application scenario. In this paper, an innovative dynamics-oriented engineering approach is presented for ultraprecision machining of freeform surfaces using slow tool servo mode. The approach is focused on seamless integration of multibody dynamics, cutting forces, and machining dynamics, while targeting the positioning and control of the tool–workpiece loop in the machining system. The positioning and motion control between the cutting tool and workpiece surface are further studied in the presence of interfacial interactions at the tool tip and workpiece surface. The interfacial cutting physics and dynamics are likely to be at the core of in-process monitoring applicable to ultraprecision machining systems. The approach is illustrated using a virtual machining system developed and supported with simulations and experimental trials. Furthermore, the paper provides further explorations and discussion on implementation perspectives of the approach, in combination with case studies, as well as discussing its fundamental and industrial implications.
Self-organization of pure electron plasma in a partially toroidal magnetic-electrostatic trap: A 3D particle-in-cell simulation
Authors: Sengupta M. , Khamaru S. , Ganesh R.
Published: October 2021

The dynamics of a pure electron plasma magnetically confined in a partial toroidal trap is investigated using 3D3V PIC simulation. In particular, a toroid having a rectangular meridian, a tight aspect ratio of 1.6, and a 3π/2 toroidal domain is considered. Externally applied negative end-plug potentials electrostatically seal off the toroidal ends of the device for the confined electron cloud. A homogeneous square-toroidal segment of pure electron plasma is loaded in the middle of the trap. Strong non-uniform sheared poloidal flow reshapes the square cross section into 00an elliptical profile with symmetric closed contours of density peaking in the center. On the toroidal midplane, the plasma gets shaped into a crescent by the opposing dispersing and confining forces of the self-electric field and the end-plug fields, respectively. Density inside the crescent falls symmetrically from the middle to the two tapered ends. The self-reorganization of the loaded square-toroidal segment into an “elliptic-crescent” is completed within a time scale of ∼0.1μs. The cloud then starts to engage in poloidal orbits of the fundamental (toroidal) diocotron mode. The poloidal orbit’s time period is ∼2μs. The first orbit is turbulent and incurs significant electron losses (∼30%) to a particular segment of the poloidal boundary. Subsequent orbits are dynamically stable with a compression–expansion cycle of the cloud as it moves in an out of strong magnetic fields on the poloidal plane. The poloidal compression–expansion cycle is collisionlessly coupled with the toroidal cloud shaping through the self-electric fields and manifests as an elongation–contraction cycle of the crescent on the toroidal midplane. A radical improvement of the device’s confinement is observed when its volume is isotropically compressed keeping other parameters the same. The numerical design of the partial toroidal trap has several novel aspects such as the use of specialized numerical “pseudo-dielectric” layers for producing functional end-plug fields in the numerical device setup.
Optimal resonant frequency analysis for underground wireless power transfer with metal tube interference
Authors: Xu Yu , Chen Qili , Zhang Yongquan , Li Bo , Tang Huiming
Published: October 2021

Magnetic resonant wireless power transfer (MR-WPT) has several advantages over conventional wired underground power supply methods. However, MR-WPT inevitably encounters metal conductors, which reduce the system efficiency through the eddy loss induced in the conductor by high-frequency electromagnetic waves. In this paper, the effect of resonant frequency variations caused by metal tube interference with the aim of maximizing the system efficiency is studied. According to the variation in the resonant frequency, the system efficiency is analytically derived by an equivalent circuit model. Electromagnetic simulations are carried out to further analyze the metal tube interference on the system. The results demonstrate the existence of an optimal resonant frequency that maximizes the system efficiency. Aluminum tube interference produces a lower optimal resonant frequency and higher efficiency than a 304 stainless-steel tube. When the metal tube is slotted, the optimal slot width and number of slots enhance the maximum efficiency and reduce the optimal resonant frequency and frequency drift. With slot widths of 2 and 8 mm, the system efficiency reaches ∼67% at 40.1 kHz and 55% at 48 kHz, respectively. Finally, different types of slotted tubes are fabricated, and the theoretical results are experimentally verified.
Revisiting the “pearl string” in draining soap bubble film first witnessed by Sir James Dewar some 100 years ago: A note of analyses for the phenomena with related findings
Authors: Seimiya Tsutomu , Seimiya Toshiko
Published: October 2021

The flow patterns of “pearl string” in draining bubble film as first witnessed by Sir James Dewar some 100 years ago were successfully reproduced by using chemically stable aqueous alkylbenzenesulfonate instead of alkylcarboylate used by Dewar as a soap. The concentration of aqueous surfactant used is as high as 5% by weight. The close-up pictures were taken by both still and video cameras at the magnification of around 10× with time for the draining flat bubble film prepared in vertically held rectangular frame made of a thin glass rod. The flow pattern of “threaded white beads” was found to appear at the shear boundary of black and gray flowing films. The successive and periodical deposition of tiny white particles to form “threaded pearls” is explained as the result of repeated nucleation of liquid crystalline phase as triggered by the stick-slip frictional sliding of black film at the boundary of the isotropic gray film and the subsequent growth of particles by isothermal condensation. The frequency of oscillational shear was found to be around 10 Hz for the shear velocity of 3 cm/s, which was approximated from the increased rate of black film area and the interval of beads in video images. The phenomena were explained as the deposition of liquid crystalline phase in the isotropic gray film the nucleation of which is triggered by the stick-slip frictional sliding motion of black film at the border of gray film. The whole process occurs in the course of gravity-induced syneresis of aqueous soap film.
Effect of crystal rotation on the instability of thermocapillary–buoyancy convection in a Czochralski model
Authors: Liu Yong , Zeng Zhong , Zhang Liangqi , Liu Hao , Xiao Yao , Wang Yue
Published: October 2021

In Czochralski crystal growth, buoyancy convection, thermocapillary flow, and forced convection driven by crystal/crucible rotation complicate the mixed convection of the melt. The instability of this mixed convection has a crucial impact on the quality of the grown crystal, but the complex convection phenomenon poses a tough challenge to the computation of critical values through linear stability analysis. In this paper, the instability of the mixed convection phenomenon of a LiCaAlF6 melt in a Czochralski model with unit aspect ratio (Γ = melt depth/crucible radius = 1.0) was investigated using linear stability analysis in the context of the spectral element method. The underlying instability mechanism is unfolded by means of energy analysis. We observe two instability modes with increasing crystal rotation. Both instability modes correspond to the coupling between the mechanisms of buoyancy and inertial instabilities. Besides, both instability modes appear when invoking the surface tension at the free surface while only one mode is observed when switching the surface tension off, implying that thermocapillary effects influence the instability modes for the melt convection in Czochralski crystal growth.
Large eddy simulation of incident flows around polygonal cylinders
Authors: Masoudi Esmaeel , Gan Lian , Sims-Williams David
Published: October 2021

In this study, we carry out large eddy simulation of incident flow around polygonal cylinders of side number N=5−8 at Reynolds number Re=104. In total, six incidence angles (α) are studied on each cylinder ranging from face to corner orientations, thus covering the entire α spectrum. Special focus is put on the time-mean aerodynamic forces including lift, drag, and vortex shedding frequencies as well as the near wake flow features. It is found that because of y-plane asymmetry of polygonal cross sections at most incidence angles, the flow separation characteristics and hence the induced base pressure distribution and the aerodynamic forces exhibit unique and complex dependence on α and N. While the general inverse relation of drag coefficient and Strouhal number previously proposed from experimental observations at principal orientations still holds at arbitrary α, the variation of the two is found to be non-monotonic on both α and N. We also found that compared to the absolute time mean shear layer length measured from the final separation point, the extent of them stretched to the wake, measured from the cylinder center, is a powerful scaling factor for all the quantities investigated, including the wake characteristic length scales. In particular, the difference between the top and the bottom shear layer (due to geometrical asymmetry at arbitrary α) describes the variation of the non-zero time mean lift coefficient reasonably well, whose sign varies with N non-monotonically.