bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Colorado Potato Beetle Control, 1982
Authors: Ferro D. N.
Published: March 2022

‘Katahdin’ potatoes were planted on May 5 in Sunderland, Massachusetts. The soil type was a fine sandy loam with a pH of ca 5.5. Dinoseb was applied at 2 lb ai/acre prior to plant emergence. These trials were designed to examine the immediate effects of piperonyl butoxide (synergist) plus several insecticides. There were 2 separate trials; each trial was conducted in different parts of the field. There were 3 replicates per treatment average in a randomized complete block design. Each plot was 30 ft long by 2 rows. All applications were made with a 3 gal stainless steel CO2backpack sprayer, at 50 psi and 65 gal/acre. Trial I consisted of a single application of Pydrin, several combinations or Pydrin + piperonyl butoxide, Ammo and 2 combinations of Ammo + piperonyl butoxide applied Jul 14. No previous insecticide applications had been made to this field. The number of larvae per 10 stalks was determined for each plot.
Peach, Insecticide Tests, 1982
Authors: Pfeiffer Douglas G. , Ponton Leo F. , Darrell Eldridge M.
Published: March 2022

Sevin and Sevin plus an extending agent were applied to peach trees in Fairfield, Va. Ten adjacent trees were sprayed in each treatment. Nine untreated trees served as the control. Applications were made with a truck-mounted Swanson sprayer with handgun attachment. Trees were sprayed on Jul 19. Trees were monitored to detect reappearance of beetles in foliage. Beetles were counted over a 3 min. period per tree on Aug 3. On Sep 7, foliar damage was rated on a scale of 0-10, where 0=no defoliation and 10=total defoliation. No significant differences were seen in JB densities or in foliar damage. Treatments were applied after the peak of adult JB activity.
Irish Potato, Control of Potato Infesting Aphids, 1982
Authors: Sewell Gary H. , Storch R.H.
Published: March 2022

Experiments A and B were randomized complete block designs with 6 replicates each and were conducted at Presque Isle, ME on land that was in clover in 1981. The planting date was May 18. In each experiment the 2.0 m space between blocks and the 1.4 m space between columns and at the sides and ends of the experiments were sown to oats after planting. Each plot consisted of 4 rows of potatoes 0.9 m apart and 15.0 m long. The healthy seed pieces ca 75 g each were hand planted 30 cm apart. Fertilization and hilling practices were normal for the area. Late blight control was effected by 2 foliar applications of Ridomil (2EC) 396 g/ha wk of Aug 6 and 19) and 3 applications of M45 (1781 g/ha wk of Jul 30 and Aug 6, 2242 g/ha Aug 19). Soil applications of insecticides were made by hand with a plastic tube applying previously weighed amounts of insecticide into the furrow or fertilizer band just prior to planting or as a sidedressing after emergence. Foliar insecticide applications were made with a Century boom sprayer, 3 nozzles per row at 7.0 kg/cm2 pressure and 1.2 kl/ha. Numbers of aphids (by species) were counted on top, middle, and bottom leaves of 25 plants in the 2 middle rows of each plot. When dates of count and application are the same, aphid counts were made prior to applications of the insecticide. Analyses of variance were calculated following transformation of the raw data using log 10 (x + 1). Means of the total number of wingless aphids were compared using DMRT and then reconverted. The soil was classified as Caribou Loam, pH 5.2. Total monthly rainfall for Jun, Jul and Aug was respectively 8.79, 6.07 and 10.36 cm. The average temperature for each of the same 3 mo was 15.6, 18.9 and 15.6°C.
Colorado Potato Beetle, Potato Aphid, and Green Peach Aphid Control, 1982
Authors: Voss Robert H. , Lottero William , Ferro David N.
Published: March 2022

‘Superior’ potatoes were planted on May 15 in Sunderland, MA. The soil type was a fine sandy loam with a pH of ca 5.5. Dinoseb was applied at 2 lb ai/acre prior to plant emergence. Treatment blocks were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Each block consisted of two 30-ft rows, with a 3-ft fallow area between each plot. Treatments were applied with a 3-gal stainless steel backpack sprayer and a CO2pressurized sprayer at ca 50 psi with a delivery rate of 65 gal/acre. Spray applications were made on Jul 6, 15, and 27, and Aug 3. Since, with few exceptions, all treatments were shown to be significantly different from the control, or, in the latter counts, the control plots were 100% defoliated, the Duncan’s test was applied to the insecticide treatments alone (without the control) to give a better indication of the relative effectiveness of the various insecticides.
Colorado Potato Beetle Control on Tomatoes, 1982
Authors: Ghidiu Gerald M.
Published: March 2022

‘Campbell 28’ tomatoes were transplanted to a Sassafras sandy loam field on May 5. Single row plots were 25-ft long and 5-ft wide. A guard row buffered each treated row. Treatments were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Foliar sprays were applied with a self-propelled, high-clearance sprayer with a drop nozzle on each side of the row and one over the center calibrated to deliver 68 gal/acre at 200 psi. Plots were treated Jun 8, 18; Jul 5; Aug 2, 26 and Sep 9. Colorado potato beetles were counted on Jun 23 and 50 tomatoes from each plot were evaluated for beetle damage on Aug 20. Plots were irrigated when moisture was below normal.
Insect Control on Tomatoes in Southwest Florida, Spring 1982
Authors: Schuster David J. , Everett Paul H.
Published: March 2022

Transplants were set Mar 4, 18 inches apart on 3-ft-wide by 6-inch-high beds of Immokalee fine sand covered with black polyethylene mulch. Plots consisted of 10 plants and were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Treatments were applied Apr 8, 16, 29, May 6 and 13 with a 2.5 gal hand-held CO2powered sprayer which was operated at 40 psi and delivered 95-125 gal/acre (gallonage increased as the plants grew). On May 20, 30 leaflets containing occupied leafmines (those containing either living, dead or parasitized larvae) were collected from each plot and placed in 1 qt ice cream cartons. The numbers of leafminer larvae that pupated were counted at least 4 wk later. The numbers of undamaged fruit and those damaged by lepidopterous larvae were counted in a single harvest on May 20. After harvest, 5 plants/plot were cut and shaken and the numbers of larvae of the southern armyworm, tomato pinworm, cabbage looper, granulate cutworm, and tomato fruitworm dislodged were counted.
Alfalfa Insect Control Studies, 1982
Authors: Harold Arnett W.
Published: March 2022

A 7-year-old stand of alfalfa located at the Main Station Field Laboratory, Reno, Nevada was used for this study. Treatments were applied at near full bud stage when alfalfa ws 20 to 30 in tall with 20-25% of the plants showing alfalfa weevil feeding. Plots were 25 x 50 ft arranged in a complete block design with 3 replicates. Sprays were applied with a CO2activated plot sprayer calibrated to deliver 25 gpa at 30 psi. Treatments were made on Jun 1. Pretreatment samples were taken on Jun 1 and post-treatment samples were taken on Jun 4, 8, 15 consisting of 10 sweeps of a standard net from each replicate.
Alfalfa, Second Cutting Potato Leafhopper Control, Missouri, 1982
Authors: Brandenburg R.L. , Kirfman G.W.
Published: March 2022

The test was conducted on Jun 16 at Salem, Mo on a 2-year-old stand of Pioneer 524 alfalfa. The alfalfa was ca 10 in tall. Plots were 60 x 60 ft and arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications. The treatments were applied with a 20 ft spray boom, 80015 flat fan nozzles, and 50 mesh filter screens. The sprays were applied at 15 gpa and 40 psi. Temperature at treatment was 75°F. Rainfall of 0.73 in fell during the week following treatment. Evaluations were conducted at 24 h. 7 day and 14 day post treatment by taking 20 (180 degree) sweeps with a 15 in sweep net. The data were transformed by x+0.5. The means in the tables are of actual counts.
Olfactometer Tests of Insecticides for Repellency to Honey Bees, 1982
Authors: Danka Robert G. , Collison Clarence H.
Published: March 2022

In the laboratory, premeasured amounts of insecticides diluted to various concentrations were sprayed uniformly onto 25 cm sq filter-paper sheets. After air drying,the sheets were cut into 5 cm sq pieces, and one piece was loosely rolled and slipped into an 8 cm length of 15 mm 10 glass tubing. An identical tube was loaded with a paper which had been sprayed with dilutant only. The tubes were attached to 2 branches of a 9 mm ID glass Y-tube. Air lines connected to the opposite ends of the 8 cm residue-holding tubes provided airflow (5.0 ml/min) across the residue papers and down the Y-tube branches. Worker honey bees from a laboratory-held colony were introduced into the stem of the Y-tube, allowed to walk to the branch junction and make a directional choice, and travel up the chosen branch 7 cm before being removed and retested. The treated branch was alternately placed to the right and left for successive tests. After 5 such runs, the olfactometer parts were cleaned, new filter papers inserted, and a new bee tested. Five bees were tested per spray batch, and 4 spray batches (with 20 bees making 100 runs) completed each chemical dosage trial.
Apple, Miticide Evaluations, 1982
Authors: Horsburgh R. L. , Cobb L. J. , David P. J.
Published: March 2022

Treatments were applied on Apr 23 (pink) and May 12 (petal-fall) to 7-year-old York trees. Single tree plots were arranged in a randomized block design and replicated 4 times. Trees were sprayed to run-off using handguns operating at 400 psi. Mites were counted throughout the season by randomly selecting 10 leaves from each tree and counting motile mites with the aid of a hand lens. JS, punctum adults and larvae were counted on Jul 20 in a 3 min search of each tree.
Alfalfa Insect Control in Oklahoma, 1982
Authors: Mussett Kevin , Berberet Richard , Sander Douglas
Published: March 2022

This test was conducted on a field of Oklahoma common alfalfa at Stillwater, OK. Treatments were applied Mar 16 and 30. Plots were 3 x 10 m and arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replicates. Treatments were applied by a tractor-drawn boom sprayer calibrated to deliver 20 gpa. Population densities of alfalfa weevil larvae were determined 3, 7, and 14 days after first treatment and 3, 7, 14, and 21 days after second treatment. For these population estimates, 25 stems/plots were pulled on each date and larvae were extracted with Berlese funnels. Numbers of aphids were determined from stem samples following the second insecticide application. The total numbers/plot of each species were divided by the number of stems sampled (25) to give population estimates. Plant damage ratings were assigned to all plots when the test was terminated.
Alfalfa, Alfalfa Weevil Larva Control, 1980
Authors: Roberts James E.
Published: March 2022

A test was conducted May 2 through May 15 in Roanoke Co, VA, with Larvin 500 to measure the control of alfalfa weevil larva in alfalfa. Furadan 4F was used as a comparison. Applications were made on 200 sq ft plots replicated 4 times using a randomized design. The post-treatment counts were averaged from the 4 replicates. The Larvin 500 was applied at 0.225 lb ai/acre and 0.45 lb ai/acre. The Furadan 4F (4 lb/gal) was applied at 0.5 lb ai/acre. Samples consisted of 25 alfalfa stems collected in a zig-zag pattern across each plot. Larvae were extracted by beating bundles of these stems against the inside of a 5-gal bucket.
Alfalfa Seed, Insect Control, 1982
Authors: Arnett W. Harold
Published: March 2022

This test was conducted on a commercial field of seed alfalfa at Lovelock, NV. Spray treatments were applied with a large field boom sprayer to 3 acre blocks with a 3 acre block left untreated. Applications were made on the evening of Jul 27 following cessation of pollinator activity. Each material and rate was applied in a total volume of 19 gpa at 30 psi. Each of the treated and untreated blocks were divided into 4 equal parts with post-treatment samples consisting of 10 sweeps from each of these being taken on Jul 30, Aug 3, 10 and 17.
Field Corn, Lesser Cornstalk Borer Control, 1982
Authors: Javid A. , All J.N. , Rogers B.
Published: March 2022

Dekalb XL394 planted Jul 2, University of Georgia Experiment Station, Oconee Co. Soil type was Cecil sandy loam, randomized complete block experimental design with 2 row plots x 20-ft long x 38 in row width x 2-ft alleys, 5 replicates. Granular formulations of insecticides were applied at planting time in a 7-in band over the seed furrow and incorporated ca 0.25 in in the soil. Sprayable formulations were applied 7 days after planting in a full cone spray over the row, at 30 psi in a final volume of 25 gal/acre. All plants were examined on Aug 3 for lesser cornstalk borer damage.
Field Corn, Common Stalk Borer and Hop Vine Borer Control, 1982
Authors: Levine Eli
Published: March 2022

Two foliar insecticides and foliar herbicide-insecticide tank mix were evaluated to control common stalk borers (SB) and hop vine borers (HVB) in fence rows before larvae could move into fields of conventional or reduced till corn. Lannate 1.8L (an ovicide and larvicide) was applied on May 11 (estimated SB egg hatch date) at Forreston (Ogle Co) to fence rows after planting but before corn emergence. Orthene 75S (a systemic larvicide) was applied to fence rows at Mt Carroll (Carroll Co) several days prior to planting on May 19 and at Forreston on May 20 when corn was in the 1-leaf stage and beginning to sustain damage. A tank mix of the herbicide Paraquat 2L and the insecticide Lorsban 4E was applied to fence rows at Mt Carroll on May 19 (several days prior to planting) and Lanark (Carroll Co) on May 20 when corn was in the 2-leaf stage and beginning to sustain damage. The Lanark and Forreston fields had infestations of both the SB and HVB; the Mt Carroll location had an infestation of the SB only. All treatments were applied with a CO2back-pack sprayer equipped with a 4-nozzle boom for broadcast application (8002 flat fan nozzles, 3.7 ft/sec, 20 psi, 20 gal of water/acre). Each experiment consisted of a strip the entire width of the fence row (from road to field) x 200 ft long. This strip was divided into four 50 ft-long plots. One half of each plot was treated, the other half was left untreated as a control. Existing damaged plants were marked at treatment. Fence row vegetation consisted mostly of orchard grass and quackgrass at Lanark and smooth brome at both Forreston and Mt Carroll. Corn seedlings in the 2nd row in from the field margin were assessed for damage 22 days after treatment and for the production of harvestable ears (>30 g of grain) in Sep.
Field Corn, European Corn Borer Control, 1982
Authors: Levine Illinois Eli
Published: March 2022

Foliar treatments of registered and experimental insecticides to control first generation European corn borer were evaluated at the Agronomy South Farm of the University of Illinois (Champaign Co). Corn (Pioneer 3780) was planted in 30-in rows on May 14. Each plant in the study was artificially infested with approximately 30 newly-hatched larvae on Jun 22 and again on Jun 23 and 24. Mean extended leaf height of these plants on Jun 24 was 46 in. Insecticides were applied on Jun 30, just as larvae were beginning to tunnel into the plants. Liquid insecticides were applied directly over the plant whorls with a CO2back-pack sprayer equipped with a 1 nozzle wand (even flat fan nozzle, 4.0 ft/sec, 20 psi , 0.14 gal/min, 10 gal of water/acre). Granular insecticides were applied in a 7-in band directly over the plant whorls with Noble metering units mounted on a tractor. Each treatment consisted of a single row 25 ft long. The experiment was arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications/treatment. Uninfested rows bounded each treatment row; plants in these border rows were cut down 1 day prior to insecticide application to allow access of the granular applicator. Insecticide treatments were evaluated for corn borer damage (number of cavities) in late-Jul by splitting the stalks of 40 plants from each treatment (10 plants/treatment x 4 reps) in half from the tassel to the ground.
Apple, Early Season Insecticide Trials, 1982
Authors: Horsburgh R. L. , Cobb L. J. , David P. J.
Published: March 2022

Materials were applied to mature York trees as follows: delayed dormant (Mar 23); pre-pink (Apr 2); pink (Apr 20); 1st cover (May 21); 2nd cover (Jun8). Single tree plots were arranged in a randomized block design and replicated 4 times. Treatments were sprayed to runoff using a handgun operating at 400 psi. Treatments were evaluated for effects on rosy apply aphid populations on May 3 and May 13. All colonies on each tree to a height of 10 feet that could be found in a 15 minute search were counted. European red mites were counted on May 3 to evaluate effects of treatments on early populations. Ten leaves per tree (40/treatment) were randomly selected and motile mites were counted under a hand lens. Scale was evaluated at harvest (Sep 9) by randomly selecting 50 apples from the top and 50 apples from the bottom of each tree. Data are presented as percent of fruit infested in each section of the tree.
Control of Common Stalkborer on Field Corn, 1982
Authors: Roberts James R. , Saluta Michael
Published: March 2022

At-planting and rescue treatments and a semi-conventional cultural method were applied to no-till field corn on the VPISSU Agronomy farm in Blacksburg, VA. A particular area was chosen which had suffered a heavy stalkborer infestation the previous year. The soil type was clay loam and the pH was 6.3. The test plots were arranged in a completely randomized block design, measuring 4 rows (38 in spacing) x 50 ft x 4 replicates. The cultural treatment was conducted May 11. The rye cover crop was cut with a hammer-knife mower and then the soil was tilled to a depth of 3-4 in. The corn was planted no-till May 17, and the granular treatments were applied the same day with a Gandy applicator. The foliar rescue treatments were applied Jun 4 to the 3-leaf stage corn with a Solo backpack sprayer delivering 20 gal/acre. Stalkborer damage was evaluated for all treatments Jun 13. Twenty plants were selected at random from the center rows in each plot and subjected to a visual plant rating scale of 1-9 (1 = little or no feeding damage and 9 = highly damaged). Damage data were calculated as the mean rating per treatment and yield data (taken Sep 30) as mean metric tons/ha per treatment. All means were subjected to analysis of variance (P = 0.05). Ca 3.3 in of rain fell within 10 days of the rescue treatment.
Field Corn (Whorl Stage), European Corn Borer Control, 1980
Authors: Roberts James E. , Despins Joseph L.
Published: March 2022

Dyfonate 20G, Thimet 20G, Furadan 10G, Pounce 3.2EC, Cymbush 3EC,and Ambush 2EC were tested for the control of European corn borer in Bedford Co, VA, in Jun 1980. Insecticides were applied on Jun 10 to field corn in plots 50 ft x 4 rows (36 in spacing) with 4 replicates in a randomized block design. Granular insecticides were applied over the whorl with a Gandy applicator. Liquids were applied with a Solo backpack sprayer operating at 3 mph, using 30 psi, in 40 gal of water/acre. Chemicals were applied when the corn was 28 in high, with a 61% infestation of ECB in the lst-2nd instar. Five plants showing signs of heavy infestation were chosen from each plot and dissected 14 days after treatment to determine the number of dead and living larvae.
Residual Toxicity of Seven Insecticides on Boll Weevil, 1982
Authors: Micinski Stephen , Lawrence Gary
Published: March 2022

On Jul 19, a study was initiated at the Red River Valley Agricultural Experiment Station, Bossier City, LA, to evaluate the residual efficacy of several insecticides using a caged boll weevil technique. Plots were 2 rows x 30.48 m long on 1.02 m centers. A minimum of 2 buffer rows separated plots. Insecticides were applied with a CO2 powered hand sprayer equipped with 2 TX-4 spray nozzles per row. The sprayer delivered 74.8 liters/ha at 2.1 kg/cm2. Cotton-dacron cages (0.9 m x 0.65 m) were placed over individual cotton plants and tied securely near the base of the stalk. Adult weevils obtained from the Gast Rearing Facility at Mississippi State University were placed 25 weevils/cage in each of 2 cages per plot. After the weevils were caged, each cage was tied securely at the top. Weevils were placed in 1 set of cages (total of 18 cages, 2 cages/plot) immediately after spraying, in another set 24 h after spraying, and in the final set 48 h after spraying. Both the percent weevils alive and the percent mobile were recorded 48 h after the weevils were placed in the cages.
Chemical Control of the Cotton Fleahopper on Irrigated Cotton, 1982
Authors: Price Richard , Mussett Kevin , Young Jerry , Steward Bruce , Karner Miles
Published: March 2022

‘Stoneville 213’ was planted at Chickasha in a Tuttle silt clay loam soil on Jun 14 and at Altus in a Tillman holister clay loam on May 19 at the rate of 18 and 20 lb of seed/acre respectively. The experimental design was a randomized complete block with 9 treatments replicated 3 times. The plots measured 8 rows x 150 ft. Chemical applications were made Jul 14 at Altus and Jul 27 at Chickasha. Applications were made at Chickasha with a John Deere Hi-cycle 6000 sprayer and at Altus with a John Deere Hi-cycle 600 sprayer. Both original spray systems were replaced with Marco systems equipped with roller pumps powered by 3 hp Briggs and Stratton engines. Spray applications were made at 4.5 mph and 40 psi using 2.5 gal total spray mixture/acre. One #4 Spraying Systems hollow cone nozzle per row was utilized. Plots were sampled 7 days after treatment by making whole plant examinations and recording fleahopper nymphs and adults in each plot. Ten 2.6 ft (l/5000th acre) samples were taken at random in each plot. Beneficial arthropods were also sampled by whole plant examination and included: Nabis spp., Chrysopa spp., Geocoris spp., Orius spp., Col lops spp. and spiders. Yield was estimated by hand-pulling all open boll’s from 50 ft of uniform cotton from each" pTot. Raintal I between treatment and sampling date at Chickasha consisted of 0.07 in Jul 27, 0.04 in Jul 30 and 0.21 in Aug 1. Altus recorded no rainfall during the test period.
Effects of Spray Adjuvants on Leafhopper Contro
Authors: Jubb Gerald L.
Published: March 2022

Experiments were conducted in an established Concord grape vineyard infested with Erythroneura comes (Say) to test the effects of 2 spray adjuvants on the residual activity of Lannate. Plots consisted of 3 vines in a row rep Iicated 3 times in a randomized block design. Treatments were applied on Aug 13 using a 6-gal True-Test plant sprayer operated off a high pressure hose of a Myers 61256ET2 hydraulic vineyard sprayer. Operating pressure was 100 psi. Spray water pH was 7.15. Treatments were evaluated by counting the number of leafhopper nymphs on each of 10 injured leaves selected at random per plot. Pre-treatment counts were made on Aug 13. Data were transformed to X + 0.5 and treated by analysis of variance and Duncan's modified (Bayesian) least significant difference test.
Fall Armyworm Control in Whorl-Stage Sorghum, 1982
Authors: Gardner Wayne A.
Published: March 2022

‘Funk’s G522DR’ was planted on Sep 7 following sweet corn in a Cecil loamy clay soil type in Pike Co, GA. Plots were 6.1 m x 6 rows (91-cm row spacing) and were separated by 1 untreated row and 1-m alleys. Insecticides were applied over the rows on Oct 10 with a CO2 backpack sprayer calibrated to deliver 560 1/ha at 2.0-2.2 kg/cm2. Larval density was determined before treatment and 1, 2 and 7 days after treatment by visually inspecting 10 randomly selected plants removed from each plot. Treatments were replicated 4 times in a completely random experimental design.
Bean Leaf Beetle and Threecornered Alfalfa Hopper Control on Soybeans in Alabama, 1982
Authors: Rohlfs W.M. , Mack T.P.
Published: March 2022

This field test was conducted in soybeans planted on Vaiden soil at the Auburn Univ., Blackbelt Substation, Marion Jet., AL. Ten treatments and an untreated check were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Each of the .01-acre plots was 4 rows wide (36-in row spacing) and 37 ft long. Treatments were applied on Aug 31 with a CO2-pressurized sprayer equipped with 3 D-2 nozzles per row, operating at 30 psi, and delivering 22 gal/acre. Insect populations were sampled by placing a standard 3-ft beatsheet between the rows and beating the plants on both sides. Insects were identified, counted and recorded. Immature threecornered alfalfa hoppers (3CAH) were rated as small, medium, and large. Two samples from each plot were taken prespray (Aug 31) and 24 h, 72 h and 1 wk post spray (Sep 1, 3 and 7).
Soybean Loopr Control on Soybean, 1982
Authors: Sullivan M.J. , Chapin J.W. , Turnipseed S.G.
Published: March 2022

Eight insecticides were evaluated to determine efficacy on soybean looper in soybean. Materials were applied as foliar sprays Aug 27 using a CO2-powered backpack sprayer at 50 psi delivering 8.54 gal/acre. Plots consisted of 8 rows, 30 ft long with the middle 6 sprayed. A randomized complete block experimental design with 4 reps was used. Treatments were evaluated 3 days following application by taking two 1-m shake cloth samples from each plot.
Sugarcane Borer Control (SCB), Small Plot Insecticide Screening Test, 1982
Authors: Flynn J.L. , Reagan T.E.
Published: March 2022

A portion of a block of first stubble sugarcane located on the St. Gabriel Experiment Station, near Baton Rouge, LA, was divided into plots each containing 3 rows spaced 6 ft apart x 24.2 ft (0.01 acre). Insecticide treatments for a season-long control of SCB were assigned to plots according to a randomized complete block design consisting of 5 replications. Each spray concentrate was applied to the sugarcane plant canopy in water at 30 psi with a knapsack sprayer that delivered 25 gal finished formulation per acre per application. Insecticide applications were begun after internodes first were visible above ground and when at least 5% of the stalks contained small SCB larvae in leaf sheaths. Three applications were made (Jul 5, 26, Aug 19) at 3-4 wk intervals. At harvest, 25 stalks selected at random from the center row of each plot were examined for external signs of SCB entrance and exit holes. Insecticide efficacy was determined by comparing the % internodes bored in treated plots with that found in untreated plots.
Insect Control on Flue-Cured Tobacco with Bacillus Thuringiensis var. Kurstaki Spray Formulations, 1982
Authors: Jackson D. Michael
Published: March 2022

Two wettable powder and 3 aqueous formulations of Bacillus thuringiensis (B.t.) var. kurstaki were tested against artificial infestations of tobacco budworms and tobacco hornworms, and natural Infestations of tobacco budworms and tomato hornworms on flue-cured tobacco in 3 separate tests at Oxford, NC. Some of the treatments also contained 1 of 2 polyvinyl acetate stickers (Rhoplex B60A and Polyco 2142), which were evaluated for increasing B.t. efficacy. ‘Speight G-70’ was used in Tests 1 and 2, while NC 2326 was used in the final test. All tobacco was transplanted onTlay 7 into a field of Vance sandy loam soil which had been treated on Apr 19 with Telone C-17 (98.2 1/ha), Paarlan (2.3 1/ha), and Ridomil (2.3 1/ha). Plants were placed on 55.9-cm centers with 1.2 m between rows. Plants in Test 1 were infested with 1 laboratory-reared tobacco budworm per plant on Jun 15. Larvae were ca 2 days old and were from a colony that had been started from field collections and cultured for ca 10 generations on artificial diet. On Jun 17 plants were examined for successful budworm establishments and 40 plots of 15 infested plants each were marked in a randomized complete block design with 5 blocks and 8 treatments. The following 2 days there was a very heavy rainfall (4.1 cm) that prevented spraying for several days. Plots were treated on Jun 21 with CO2-powered backpack sprayer with an adjustable nozzle at a rate of 233.8 1/ha with 4.2 kg/cm. Plants were examined for insects 3 and 7 days after spraying, and on day 7 they were subjectively rated from 0-7 for tobacco budworm damage. Temperatures were mild (max. 31.1°C) and there was little rainfall (0.1 cm) after spraying. After the final plant examination in Test 1, the plants in all plots were cut off near the ground. One sucker was allowed to grow per plant and this regrowth was used in Test 2. For this test, plants were infested with one 2 day old tobacco budworms on Jul 27, and on Jul 30, 40 plots of 15 plants each were marked off in a randomized complete block design. Treatments were applied as in Test 1 on Aug 2 and plants were checked 3 and 7 days later. Once again the weather was rainy (1.8 cm) after infestation, but no rain was recorded after spraying, when temperatures reached 32°C for 4 days. For Test 3, tobacco regrowth on NC 2326 was infested with 2 second instar tobacco hornworms per plant on Aug 9. These insects were from an artificial diet fed laboratory colony maintained at Oxford. This test was set up in a randomized complete block design with 5 blocks and 7 treatments. The plots were sprayed on Aug 10, and examined 3 and 7 days later. The weather was wet both before and after spraying in this test (7.4 cm rain)
Insect Control on Flue-Cured Tobacco, 1982
Authors: Semtner P.J.
Published: March 2022

Tobacco was transplanted in 20 x 12 ft (3 row) plots at the Southern Piedmont Center, Blackstone, VA, on May 13. Plots were arranged in a randomized complete block design replicated 4 times. Single border rows separated each plot. After an initial experiment, the tobacco was cut back to ca 6 in on Jul 22 and 1 sucker was turned out on each plant on Aug 4. On Aug 12, 10 plants/plot were infested with 3 tobacco budworms/plant. Natural infestations of tomato and tobacco hornworms were allowed to build up on the other plants. Treatments were applied to the foliage with a CO2-powered backpack sprayer delivering 23 gal of finished spray/acre using a TX18 nozzle and 60 psi. Tobacco flea beetles (5 plants/plot), hornworms (10 plant/plot) and budworms (10 plants/plot) were counted the day before treatment and at 3, 6 and 14 days after treatment.
Insect Control on Flue-Cured Tobacco with Insecticides Applied to the Soil and in the Transplant Water, 1982
Authors: Semtner Paul J.
Published: March 2022

Flue-cured tobacco was transplanted on May 21 in plots, 20 (12 plants) x 4 ft (1 row), arranged in a randomized complete block design replicated 4 times. The soil was a Chesterfield-Mayodan-Bourne sandy loam (pH 5.8, organic matter < 2.0%). Spacing was 4 ft between rows and 20 in between plants within rows. Recommended production practices were followed. On May 14, pretransplant treatments were applied in a 24 in band over the row using a Gandy applicator mounted on a pushcart and followed immediately by bedding. Hand-operated transplanters, delivering 200 gal water/acre (4 fl oz/plant), were used to apply the transplant water treatments during transplanting. Flea beetle feeding holes were counted on the most damaged leaf from 5 plants/plot on Jun 7. A D-Vac sampler was used to collect flea beetles from all plants in each plot on Jun 3. Green peach aphid densities were estimated for 2 upper leaves on 5 plants/plot every 1 to 2 wk. Cured-leaf yields were determined.
Aphid, Hornworm and Budworm Control on Flue-Cured Tobacco, 1982
Authors: Semtner P.J.
Published: March 2022

Flue-cured tobacco was transplanted in 20 x 20 ft plots at the Southern Piedmont Center, Blackstone, Va, on May 13. Spacing was 4 ft between rows and 20 in between plants within the row. Plots were arranged in a randomized complete block design replicated 4 times. Treatments were applied to the foliage with a CO2-powered backpack sprayer that delivered 36 gal of finished spray/acre using a solid cone nozzle and 60 psi. Each plot was artificially infested with hornworms and budworms on Jul 5. At 3, 7 and 14 days after application, hornworms and budworms were counted on 20 and 10 plants/plot, respectively, and aphids were counted on 2 upper leaves of 5 plants/plot in the 3 center rows of each plot. Aphid counts were transformed to Log.10 (aphid count + 1) before analysis.
Aphid Control on Winter Wheat, Washington, 1982
Authors: Pike Keith S.
Published: March 2022

Four insecticides were evaluated to determine their efficacy in controlling birdcherry oat aphid. Insecticides were applied 8 Oct to hard red winter wheat (earlier tillering stage of growth) grown on the Washington State University, Irrigated Agriculture Research and Extension Center, Prosser, WA. Treatments were applied with a compressed air plot sprayer mounted on a bicycle-wheeled carriage, calibrated to deliver 41 gpa at 40 psi. Temperature at the time of treatment was 52°F. Plots were 5 rows wide (10 in between rows), 20 ft in length, replicated 5 times in a randomized complete block design. Treatments were evaluated on the total aphids present per 6 randomly selected wheat plants from each plot at pretreatment and at several post-treatment intervals.
Evaluation of Dead End Mite Killer and Bendiocarb For the Control of Northern Fowl Mites, 1982
Authors: Cloud J.A. , Collison C.H.
Published: March 2022

Two trials were conducted at the University poultry farm to evaluate the efficacy and residual activity of Dead End Mite Killer (66.0% Natural Fresh Water Diatomaceous Earth) and Bendiocarb 1% dust against northern fowl mites. Mature laying hens were housed in single deck, double row, Favorite hanging cages. The 7.3 x 7.3 m shelter contained 2 banks of cages (20 cages/bank), separated by a 2.3-m aisle. Birds were arranged on each side of a bank by alternating 1 cage of untreated pressure birds with 2 cages of treatment birds. Treatment birds were housed 2 birds per cage and pressure birds were caged individually. Equal numbers of White Leghorn and White Rock hens were used as treatment birds. Each group of 2 treatment cages, had 1 cage of each breed randomly assigned. Only 1 acaricide was used per bank. Prior to treatments, naturally occurring northern fowl mite populations were visually estimated on each bird, by parting the feathers on the vent area. Population levels were indexed by the following code: 0=0 mites, 1 = 1-2 mites, 2 = 3-9 mites, 3 = 10-31 mites, 4 = 32-99 mites, 5 = 100-315 mites, 6 = 316-999 mites, 7 = 1000-3159 mites and 8 = 3160-9999 mites. After the pretreatment counts were completed, the birds were arranged so the average mite index for the pressure and treatment birds were similar within and between banks. Treatments were applied by hand dusting individual birds suspended from leg shackles. After treatments were completed, population counts were made at 24 h, 72 h post treatment and at weekly intervals for the duration of each trial. Treatments during trial 1 were applied on May 4 and consisted of either 5.0 g Dead End Mite Killer or 4.5 g 1% Bendiocarb dust per bird. The second trial was started on Jun 29: 8.0 g of Dead End Mite Killer and 9.0 g Bendiocarb 1% dust were applied per bird. Since a few live mites were still found on the Dead End treated birds at 1-wk post treatment, the birds were retreated with 8.0 g of Dead End Mite Killer on Jul 6.
Apple, Summer Mite Test, 1982
Authors: Meyer Ronald H.
Published: March 2022

Mature 'Starkrimson Delicious' trees at Griggsville, Illinois, were sprayed with air blower equipment at 350 GPA on July 6. Two rows were randomly selected for each treatment. Four pairs of trees were selected within each treatment and 50 leaves from each tree were picked from the inside of the rows on each sample date. The leaves were immediately brushed and the mites counted in the field. Most mobile mites were adults beginning to lay eggs when treatments were applied.
Cattle, Face and Horn Fly Control on Beef Cattle with Dust Bags, 1980
Authors: Roberts James E. , Despins Joseph L.
Published: March 2022

Three tests were conducted in Montgomery Co, VA, in Jul, Aug, and Sep with insecticides in dust bags applied to mixed breed beef cattle to measure control of face and horn flies. In Test A 2 dust bags containing 12 lb each of 1% Co-Ral (Coumaphos) were suspended 30 in above the ground at 2 entrances to a mineral box on Jul 24. Thirty mixed breed heifers were in the treated herd.
Effectiveness of EL-468, and Ac 217,300 for Control of Imported Fire Ants, 1980
Authors: Williams D.F. , Lofgren C.S.
Published: March 2022

Field tests were initiated in Hamilton Co, FL with EL-468 (Eli Lilly and Company), and AC 217,300 (American Cyanamid Company) formulated as bait toxicants for control of natural infestations of the red imported fire ant (RIFA). Baits were formulated in 30% soybean oil and 70% pregel defatted corn grits (PDCG). The AC 217,300 was formulated in a 25% soybean oil and 75% expanded corncob grit bait (ECG). The EL-468 baits formulation also contained 0.25% Calico oil blue dye in the soybean oil so that worker ants could be collected and examined for uptake of the bait. All applications were made using a tractor-mounted auger applicator. Fifty 1-acre plots were established in an improved pasture of bermuda grass Cynodon dactylon (L.) and each plot contained a 0.5-acre circular subplot for evaluation. The population index method (Harlan et al; 1981. Southwestern Entomol. 6: 150-157) was used for evaluation. Five 1-acre untreated plots were used as checks. Twenty-four hours following treatment with the EL-468 baits, 25 colonies in each treated plot were sampled to determine the percentage of ants that fed on the bait. Post-treatment evaluations were made at 6 and 30 wk. The reason that evaluations were not made at 12 and 18 wk post treatment was due to severe drought conditions occurring between the 6 and 30 wk post treatment periods. Under these conditions evaluations are not possible since the ants move deep underground, and thus, are not available for observation.
Control of Psoroptes Mites on Rabbits, 1982
Authors: Wright F.C.
Published: March 2022

Rabbits infested with Psoroptes cuniculi Delafond, the ear canker mite, or P. ovis (Hering), the common scabies mite of sheep and cattle, were treated with various acaricides at different concentrations. All rabbits wore plastic collars to restrict grooming, and both ears of each rabbit tested were at least one-half filled with canker and scabs. The acaricides were usually tested as technical materials formulated as emulsifiable concentrates (EC) in xylene:Triton X-100 (65:10) or as company formulations. Solutions containing 0.0001-1.0% were prepared in 25-ml volumes and administered as ear washes to the rabbits. Each ear was filled with test solution, held, and massaged gently for 1 min. The outside of the ears and the areas around the base of the ears were swabbed with the test material. Control rabbits were treated with the appropriate solvent system in the same manner. At weekly intervals the ears of the treated rabbits were checked for live mites with an otoscope. If live mites could not be seen by 6 wk (42 days), the ear canals were swabbed and the swabs examined for live mites with the aid of a dissecting microscope.
Control of Cotton Leafperforator, 1981
Authors: Flint Hollis M. , Merkle John R.
Published: March 2022

Four insect growth regulating compounds were tested against the cotton leafperforator in a field of short staple cotton on the Arizona State University research farm, Maricopa Co, AZ. The treatment materials were: Thompson-Hayward diflubenzuron, TH-6043, TH-6044 (all WP 25 formulations), and Maag Agrochemicals R0 13-5223 (WP 50). Each was formulated in water at a rate of 0.125 and 0.25 lb ai in 20 gal spray/acre and applied with pressurized 3-gal hand-held sprayers. Attention was given to coverage of upper and lower leaf surfaces of the upper third of each plant. Three replicate plots, 4 rows x 25 ft, for each treatment plus control were arranged in a randomized block design through the center of the field. Plots were sprayed at approximately weekly intervals beginning Aug 19 and ending Sep 22, a total of 5 applications. Samples of 50 leaves/plot were taken from the new leaves at the tops of the plants on Sep 10 and Sep 29. Each leaf was appraised for damage using 3 categories: 1) presence of leaf mines, 2) presence of perforations or ‘windows’ made by larvae feeding on the lower leaf surface, and 3) horseshoes (larvae in webbing between 4th and 5th instars). The percentages of damaged leaves were normalized by an arcsine transformation and then subjected to analysis of variance to test for significant differences between means. Duncan’s multiple range tests were used to separate means into significant ranges.
Apple, Test of Acaricides, 1982
Authors: Swift Fred C.
Published: March 2022

A 12-year-old orchard of apples located at Cream Ridge, N.J. was used in these tests. In the first experiment acaricides were applied on Jul 14 to single-tree plots of Golden Delicious replicated 3 times and arranged in a randomized complete block design. In the second experiment, single-tree plots of Red Delicious, replicated 3 times in a randomized complete block design, were sprayed on Jul 16. The trees were sprayed to run-off (ca 5 gal/tree) using a hydraulic sprayer equipped with a handgun. Mite population estimates were made by randomly picking 15 leaves from each tree, brushing the mites onto glass plates, and counting mobile mites.
Citrus Bud Mite Control in Orange County, 1982
Authors: Morse J. G. , Jesser M. J.
Published: March 2022

Materials were tested for efficacy against the citrus bud mite in a 23-year-old lemon grove (NW-SE rows, 24 ft × 19 ft spacing) in Field 7 of the U.C. South Coast field Station near Irvine, CA. Treatments were applied May 26 using a Kinkilder low-volume mist sprayer with attached 10-foot citrus tower at approximately 100 gal per acre. Each material was applied to 2 adjacent 16-tree rows with 4 trees randomly chosen for each material as permanent data trees. Four young terminals were chosen from each sample date from the inner row side of each data tree. On each terminal, 5 buds were dissected and the percent infested buds was calculated.
Citrus Rust Mite Control, 1981
Authors: Selhime A. G.
Published: March 2022

Varying rates of Vendex with and without 435 Oil were evaluated for efficacy against citrus rust mite as dilute full coverage sprays on 5-year-old navel orange trees. Materials were applied Jun 30 with a handgun and a truck-mounted sprayer. Pressure at the pump was maintained at 400 psi. Plots consisted of 4 trees with 5 replications in a randomized complete block design. Citrus rust mites were sampled from both leaves and fruit. Twenty leaves/rep from the last mature flush were harvested and adult citrus rust mites seen in four 10X binocular microscope fields/leaf from 2 upper and 2 lower leaf-surface fields were counted in the laboratory. On fruit, numbers of mites were counted from two 10X hand lens fields of 1 cm each/20 fruit/rep. Water pH in 2 samples was 7.1 and 7.4.
Hairy Chinch Bug Control on a Home Lawn in Scranton, Pa, 1982
Authors: Heller P. R. , Kleiner B. , Shetlar D. J.
Published: March 2022

Five insecticides were applied Aug 10 to a hairy chinch bug infested sodded lawn, consisting of 100% Kentucky bluegrass. Treatment plots were 5 × 5 ft, arranged in a randomized complete block design and replicated 3 times. Liquid formulations were applied in 0.5 gal of water with a hand-held sprinkling can. At treatment time, the following environmental conditions existed: air temperature, 75°F; soil temperature, 48°F; soil type, sandy-clay-loam; percent organic matter, 2.2; soil pH, 5.3; soil condition, moist; amount of thatch, 0.25 in; and skies were clear and sunny. A flotation method was used for sampling, using 6-in diameter circular cans. Post-treatment counts were made 17 days later (Aug 27). Three locations were randomly selected within each replicate,„and the total number of chinch bugs rising to the surface over 10-min count (per location) was recorded and converted to a ft2 count. An average of 110 chinch bug nymphs and adults per ft2 was recorded Aug 10 prior to treatment.
Greenbug Aphid Control in Kentucky Bluegrass Turf, 1982
Authors: Kennedy M. Keith , Rodencal Jeff
Published: March 2022

The experimental site was a home lawn in Columbus, OH comprised of 80% Kentucky bluegrass and 20% crabgrass. Grass height was approximately 6 in during the experiment with 0-0.5 in of thatch. The grass showed slight damage from aphid feeding. Conditions at the time of application were as follows: air temperature, 60 F; relative humidity, 30-40%; calm winds; clear skies; and moist soil conditions. Six treatments replicated 4 times were applied to 5 ft × 10 ft (1.5m × 3m) plots arranged in an RCB design. Applications were made on Oct 11, using a CO2 pressurized sprayer with three 9520 nozzles mounted on a 5 ft aluminum boom operating at 25 psi with a 4 gal/1000 ft2 spray rate. None of the experimental plots were irrigated following application. Pretreatment counts showed.an aphid population from 25 to 660/ft2. The experimental plots were evaluated 7 DAT by randomly taking 4 cupcutter plugs (0.1 f t) from each plot and extracting the aphids from each plug with a Berlese funnel for 24 hr (25 watt bulb).
Insecticide Efficacy Against Japanese Beetle Grubs on a Massachusetts Golf Course, 1982
Authors: Vittum P. J.
Published: March 2022

Nine insecticide formulations were tested for efficacy against Japanese beetle grubs on a golf course rough in Bolton, MA. Granular materials were applied by hand shaking from a glass jar with a perforated lid. Liquids were applied with 12 1 water in a watering can. All applications were made in 2 (perpendicular) directions within each 3.05 m square plot. All tests were replicated 5 times in a complete randomized block design. Ca 2 cm water was applied to the entire area,immediately after all materials had been applied. All insecticides were applied Aug 3 and plots were sampled Sep 29. A 0.093 m" section of sod, ca 7.5 cm deep, was removed from the center of each plot, inspected on the spot, and the number of healthy grubs recorded.
Chemical Control of Japanese Beetle in Turf in New Hampshire, 1982
Authors: Swier Stanley R. , Watkins Bob
Published: March 2022

Five treatments were applied to a golf course fairway on Aug 27. Plots were 10 × 10 ft, replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Proxol 80SP and Oftanol 2F were applied in a solution of 15 gal of water per 1000 sq ft. Proxol 30SP and Oftanol 2F were watered in with a hand-held sprinkler can. The granular insecticides were applied with a Scott's drop spreader and they were not watered. Plots were rated Sep 10 and Oct 13. Natural rainfall was 0.3 in between Aug 27 and Sep 10. Soil was a sandy loam and thatch depth was 0.25 in. Three 0.23 sq. ft samples were taken per plot.
Efficacy Evaluation with Fenpropathrin, California, 1982
Authors: Parrella M. P. , Robb K. L.
Published: March 2022

Fenpropathrin was tested for efficacy against newly eclosed and late third-stage larvae of a serpentine leafminer, Liriomyza trifolii (Burgess). Standardized 3-leaved chrysanthemum plants were exposed to ovipositing adult flies for 1.0 h and pesticide application was made to runoff with a 1-gal hand sprayer at 60 psi when larvae were at specific stages in their development. Fenpropathrin was applied with a sticker spreader, B-1956, at 1.0 ml/100 gal water. After spraying plants were placed on greenhouse benches. Pretreatment counts were made the day before pesticide application. Efficacy was based on the number of emergent pupae and subsequent adults per plant compared to a water check. There were five chrysanthemum plants per larval age class, with a 5-plant control per larval age class.
Phytotoxicity Following Drench Applications of 0Xamyl, Georgia, 1982:
Authors: Oetting Ronald D.
Published: March 2022

Phytotoxicity trials were conducted in Jul and Aug on 11 species of greenhouse-grown ornamental plants. Oxamyl in solutions of 1.0, 0.5, and 0.25 lb ai/100 gal was applied as a drench to ornamental plants grown in a 1:1 mixture of Metro Mix 300 and peat moss. Fifty ml of the solution was poured onto the media in 75 mm pots and 100 ml into 115 mm pots. Treatments consisted of single pots replicated 6 times. Evaluations for plant damage were made each week and the damage was rated on a scale of 0-3: 0 = no damage, 1 = slight, 2 = moderate, and 3 = severe damage.