bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Druckschachtpanzerungen mit mehreren Schubringen – Realitätsnahe Schubringkräfte aus Zwangsbeanspruchungen und Vergleich mit Bemessungsmodell
Authors: Unterweger Harald , Ecker Alexander
Published: August 2022

Schubringe von Druckschachtpanzerungen dienen zur Längskraftübertragung zwischen Rohr und Gebirge und werden primär aus der Deckeldruckkraft beansprucht. In diesem Aufsatz wird auf das realitätsnahe Tragverhalten von mehreren hintereinanderliegenden Schubringen bei zusätzlichen Zwangsbeanspruchungen aus Innendruck und Temperatur für repräsentative Ausführungsfälle eingegangen, wobei auch die Rohrreibung mit einbezogen wird. Dazu dienen numerische FE‐Berechnungen. Des Weiteren wird ein 1D‐Stabmodell (Bemessungsmodell) dargestellt, das von den Autoren entwickelt wurde. Die Ergebnisse am 1D‐Stabmodell werden jenen am FE‐Modell gegenübergestellt. Es kann gezeigt werden, dass auch für maßgebende Einwirkungskombinationen mit dem 1D‐Stabmodell ausreichend zutreffende Schubringkräfte erhalten werden. Die FE‐Berechnungen zeigen auch, dass Einwirkungskombinationen nur zutreffend als Gesamtbelastung analysiert werden können, eine Superposition von Einzellastfallergebnissen führt hier mitunter zu groben Fehleinschätzungen.
Integrative species delimitation of Selaginella labordei and closely related species: Uncovering the mysterious identity of S. jugorum and S. tibetica, and description of a new species
Authors: Zhang Meng‐Hua , Zhang Xian‐Chun
Published: August 2022

The taxonomy of Selaginella has been historically problematic due to the indistinguishable morphological characters within species complexes. The S. labordei group contains (S. subg. Stachygynandrum) 4–7 species, distributed from the Himalayas to eastern China. The taxonomy of this group was problematic due to few collections that were available to delimitate S. jugorum and S. tibetica, and large variation of the widely distributed S. labordei in different ecological conditions. Here, we re‐evaluate the species delimitation of the S. labordei group using morphological, molecular and cytological data. A total of 55 individuals representing five species of the S. labordei group were investigated using two nuclear markers (26S rDNA, pgiC), one plastid marker (rbcL), as well as 43 plastid‐coding sequences obtained from assembled plastid genomes. Five species are recognized based on the phylogenetic analysis of nuclear genes and plastid‐coding sequences. The plastid genomes phylogeny showed a good resolution at lower taxonomic levels. All the individuals of the broadly defined S. labordei formed a monophyletic group in our analyses of different datasets. However, samples of S. chrysocaulos were strongly supported as non‐monophyletic and were divided into two clades. One clade of S. chrysocaulos is described as a new species, Selaginella parachrysocaulos sp. nov., which is a cryptic species morphologically almost indistinguishable from S. chrysocaulos but with the microspores covered by a honeycomb‐like network microstructure. The nuclear pgiC phylogeny and flow cytometry evidence indicate that some individuals of S. parachrysocaulos may be derived from polyploidization. Based on molecular and morphological evidence, S. sichuanica and S. daozhenensis are treated as synonymous to S. labordei, and S. hengduanshanicola to S. tibetica. Our results uncover the previously mysterious affinities of S. jugorum and S. tibetica, which are members of the S. labordei group.
Application of tail transmitters for tracking feral horses as an alternative to radio collars
Authors: King Sarah R. B. , Schoenecker Kathryn A.
Published: August 2022

Radio collars have been used to examine the spatial ecology of all North American ungulates, but are rarely used on feral horses due to concerns that they may cause injury. Due to public concerns for animal welfare, an alternative to radio collars for tracking feral horses, particularly stallions, over the short term would be useful. We developed a method of attaching a global positioning system (GPS) transmitter to feral horse tails, and provide step by step instructions so that others may apply this method. We braided the tail and affixed a transmitter tag to the braid with epoxy, cable ties, and an attachment cord run through the braid. Between 2016 and 2017 we fitted 114 VHF or VHF‐GPS tags in the tails of free‐roaming feral horses in western Utah. From when tags were fitted to September 2020 tag retention time ranged from <1 to 36 months (n = 111, mean = 8.50 ± SD 6.39 months). We found that our braided, tail‐mounted transmitter tags can provide a viable alternative to radio collars for meeting shorter‐term data collection needs once data transmission difficulties are overcome.
Knowledge-based manufacturability assessment for optimization of additive manufacturing processes based on automated feature recognition from CAD models
Authors: Stavropoulos Panagiotis , Tzimanis Konstantinos , Souflas Thanassis , Bikas Harry
Published: August 2022

Additive manufacturing (AM) is a significant development of the manufacturing sector that has emerged during the last decades and tends to change the way products are designed, manufactured, and repaired, enabling unprecedented flexibility levels. The unique process mechanism of AM enables the realization of complex designs after considering design limitations, which are unique to each process mechanism and machine. These limitations, together with the lack of established AM-related knowledge, lead to the design of parts that are not fully conforming with AM buildability restrictions, resulting in failed builds. To this end, this work presents a methodology that enables to embed the AM-related knowledge and use it for an automated manufacturability assessment. The 3D model of a part is used as an input in an.stp format, and the features that are relevant for AM manufacturability are recognized from the global CAD. Then, an analysis of the manufacturability of these features according to the limitations of the process and/or machine is performed, and design changes are suggested to the user aiming to improve the process outputs. The whole methodology is implemented in a software tool with an intuitive user-interface that supports the users in the design of parts that will be made with additive manufacturing.
Stereotactic radiotherapy of nodal oligometastases from prostate cancer: a prisma-compliant systematic review
Authors: Zamagni Alice , Bonetti Mattia , Buwenge Milly , Macchia Gabriella , Deodato Francesco , Cilla Savino , Galietta Erika , Strigari Lidia , Cellini Francesco , Tagliaferri Luca , Cammelli Silvia , Morganti Alessio Giuseppe
Published: August 2022

Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is the standard treatment of metastatic prostate cancer (PCa). However, metastases-directed therapies can delay the initiation or switch of systemic treatments and allow local control (LC) and prolonged progression-free survival (PFS), particularly in patients with lymph nodes (LN) oligometastases. We performed a systematic review on stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) in this setting. Papers reporting LC and/or PFS were selected. Data on ADT-free survival, overall survival, and toxicity were also collected from the selected studies. Fifteen studies were eligible (414 patients), 14 of them were retrospective analyses. A high heterogeneity was observed in terms of patient selection and treatment. In one study SBRT was delivered as a single 20 Gy fraction, while in the others the median total dose ranged between 24 and 40 Gy delivered in 3–6 fractions. LC and PFS were reported in 15 and 12 papers, respectively. LC was reported as a crude percentage in 13 studies, with 100% rate in seven and 63.2–98.0% in six reports. Five studies reported actuarial LC (2-year LC: 70.0–100%). PFS was reported as a crude rate in 11 studies (range 27.3–68.8%). Actuarial 2-year PFS was reported in four studies (range 30.0–50.0%). SBRT tolerability was excellent, with only two patients with grade 3 acute toxicity and two patients with grade 3 late toxicity. SBRT for LN oligorecurrences from PCa in safe and provides optimal LC. However, the long-term effect on PFS and OS is still unclear as well as which patients are the best candidate for this approach.
The Endocannabinoid System and Eating Behaviours: a Review of the Current State of the Evidence
Authors: Aguilera Vasquez Nathaly , Nielsen Daiva E.
Published: August 2022

Purpose of the Review

The endocannabinoid system (ENS) has emerged as an important factor in food intake and may have implications for nutrition research. The objective of the current report is to summarise the available evidence on the ENS and eating behaviour from both animal and human studies.

Recent Findings

The literature reviewed demonstrates a clear link between the ENS and eating behaviours. Overall, studies indicate that 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) and N-arachidonoylethanolamine (AEA) via cannabinoid receptor-1 (CNR1) binding may stimulate hunger and food intake while oleylethanolamide (OEA) may inhibit hunger. Mechanisms of these associations are not yet well understood, although the evidence suggests that there may be interactions with other physiological systems to consider. Most studies have been conducted in animal models, with few human studies available.

Additional research is warranted among human populations into the ENS and eating behaviour. Evaluation of relationships between variation in ENS genes and dietary outcomes is an important area for investigation.
Is the measurement of tissue advanced glycosylation products by skin autofluorescence associated with mortality in patients treated by peritoneal dialysis?
Authors: Vareesangthip Kornchanok , Fan Stanley , Davenport Andrew
Published: August 2022

Background

Advanced glycosylated end-products (AGEs) have been shown to cause cardiovascular disease, and tissue AGE accumulation can be measured by skin autofluorescence (SAF). AGEs are cleared by the kidney, and thus accumulate in dialysis patients. However, as the results of SAF measurements in peritoneal dialysis patients (PD) have been ambiguous, we examined the association between mortality and SAF.

Methods

We reviewed SAF measurements in PD patients attending a university associated PD program, along with standard measurements of dialysis adequacy and peritoneal membrane function.

Results

We studied 341 prevalent PD patients, 61.9% male, mean age 61.2 ± 16 years, and 31.4% of all patients died during a median follow-up of 27.2 (23.3–36.3) months. Patients who died were older, mean age 72 ± 10.5 years, were more often diabetic (60.7%), and had higher median SAF 3.8 (3.2–4.5) AU. On logistic regression, mortality was independently associated with age (odds ratio (OR) 1.1 (95% confidence limits 1.06–1.16), diabetes OR 10.1 (3.1–33.4), SAF OR 3.3 (1.8–6.2), all p < 0.001, and male gender OR 5.2 (1.6–17.4), p = 0.007; and negatively associated with weight OR 0.91 (0.86–0.95), p < 0..001, normalised nitrogen appearance rate (nPNA) OR 0.05 (0.01–0.4), p = 0.005 and mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) OR 0.96 (0.93–0.96), p = 0.03.

Conclusions

In this observational study, SAF was independently associated with mortality. However, other factors were also associated with mortality, including age, diabetes and malnutrition which have all been reported to affect SAF measurements. Thus, the additional predictive value of measuring SAF compared to standard risk factors for mortality remains to be determined.

Graphical abstract
Beyond Climate Isolationism: a Necessary Shift for Climate Justice
Authors: Stephens Jennie C.
Published: August 2022

Purpose of Review

This review explores how more transformative climate policies are emerging arguing that such policies require decision-makers to move beyond the dominant, narrow technocratic lens that I call climate isolationism.

Recent Findings

Climate isolationism refers to the common framing of climate change as an isolated, discrete, scientific problem in need of technological solutions. Stemming from dominant assumptions of patriarchal white-male conceptions of privilege and power, climate isolationism has not only been ineffective in responding to the climate crisis and mobilizing transformative change but it has also resulted in climate and energy programs, policies, and priorities that exacerbate inequities and perpetuate economic and racial injustice.

This paper reviews the inadequacy and dangers of climate isolationism, explores why climate justice provides an alternative more effective framing, and calls for more intentional consideration of power and power dynamics in climate decision-making to shift from climate isolationism to climate justice.
Interpretation of Unilateral Acts in International Law
Authors: Kassoti Eva
Published: August 2022

The article explores the question of interpretation of unilateral acts in international law both from the perspective of ascertaining their binding force (law determination) and from the perspective of ascertaining their content (content determination). It argues that the objective intention of the author to be bound is what distinguishes binding commitments of unilateral origin from non-binding ones. In turn, this involves the interpretation of a unilateral act in accordance with its content and the circumstances surrounding its making. In practice, the use of clear and specific wording in conjunction with a set of contextual indicators are indicia of the intention to create a binding unilateral commitment. Against this backdrop, the article continues by addressing the question of interpretation of unilateral acts from the standpoint of ascertaining their content. It shows that the text of the act is the primary consideration in determining its content—and that its context as well as the circumstances surrounding its making are also interpretative elements that need to be taken into account. Due to the unilateral origin of these acts the interpretative rule applicable to international agreements can only be used as a point of reference when it comes to interpreting the content of these acts. In this light, the article concludes that more practice is needed in order to elucidate the exact role and weight that should be ascribed to non-textual elements in the context of interpreting unilateral acts. At the same time, the article argues in favour of adopting a broader approach to the concept of ‘interpretation’ in international law. Viewing interpretation not merely as content determination but also as law ascertainment allows us to better assess the persuasive value of arguments in favour or against certain interpretative rules when practice is scant—as is the case with unilateral acts.
Rebel governance: a vibrant field of research
Authors: Teiner David
Published: August 2022

This literature review provides an outline of a comparatively young academic discipline, referred to as Rebel Governance. Individual avenues of research are divided and introduced, and landmark studies are reflected upon and connected with each other. This field of research has grown steadily in recent years, and its relevance is particularly evident as it becomes increasingly visible that rebel groups exercise rule beyond the nation-state with varying degrees of ambition, success, and violence, and that spaces lacking state authority are by no means ungoverned. Following an introduction on the embeddedness of Rebel Governance in International Relations and a general overview of the entire research field, the individual research strands in Rebel Governance are presented and outlined. These include political institutions and organizational structures, the regulation of commercial production, civilian life under rebel rule, social services and legitimacy enhancement, rebel diplomacy, and symbolic governance. This division and the research presented therein results in a broad overview of an increasingly important field of research that can generate explanations for phenomena that are so far insufficiently understood and can provide policy advice for interacting with rebel groups exercising governance. Simultaneously, this review also offers a wide-ranging reflection of the different spheres of Rebel Governance that have been explored so far and can thus be used to consolidate and connect insights in order to increase the accessibilityof this field of study.
Matching and Scheduling of Student-Company-Talks for a University IT-Speed Dating Event
Authors: Ackermann Christian , Hahne Felix , Rieck Julia
Published: August 2022

In this paper, the IT-speed dating of a German university is considered, where students have talks with different companies in order to find a suitable internship. The goal is to create a good and fair matching of students and companies for these talks, based on student preferences, and to schedule the resulting talks in order to maintain the given time horizon and minimize the necessary room changes for the students. We solved the problem in two steps. First, we modeled the matching problem as an extended version of the capacitated transportation problem and solved it using a modified stepping stone method. Second, we present two approaches to solve the scheduling problem. A Monte Carlo tree search procedure generates time-constrained schedules with minimal duration, while a genetic algorithm generates longer schedules with individual pauses and fewer room changes. The approaches led to significantly more talks with valuable content, a shorter duration, and greater satisfaction of all participants.
Non-Statutory Executive Powers and Judicial Review
Authors: Allen Jason Grant
Published: August 2022

That non-statutory executive powers are subject to judicial review is beyond doubt. But current judicial practice challenges prevailing theories of judicial review and raises a host of questions about the nature of official power and action. This is particularly the case for official powers not associated with the Royal Prerogative, which have been argued to comprise a “third source” of governmental authority. Looking at non-statutory powers directly, rather than incidentally, stirs up the intense but ultimately inconclusive debate about the conceptual basis of judicial review in English law. This provocative book argues that modern judges and scholars have neglected the very concepts necessary to understand the supervisory jurisdiction and that the law has become more complex than it needs to be. If we start from the concept of office and official action, rather than grand ideas about parliamentary sovereignty and the courts, the central questions answer themselves.
Ricœur at the Limits of Philosophy
Authors: Aspray Barnabas
Published: August 2022

Can finite humans grasp universal truth? Is it possible to think beyond the limits of reason? Are we doomed to failure because of our finitude? In this clear and accessible book, Barnabas Aspray presents Ricœur's response to these perennial philosophical questions through an analysis of human finitude at the intersection of philosophy and theology. Using unpublished and previously untranslated archival sources, he shows how Ricœur's groundbreaking concept of symbols leads to a view of creation, not as a theological doctrine, but as a mystery beyond the limits of thought that gives rise to philosophical insight. If finitude is created, then it can be distinguished from both the Creator and evil, leading to a view of human existence that, instead of the 'anguish of no' proclaims the 'joy of yes.'
The State of Resistance
Authors: Rad Assal H.
Published: August 2022

While the Iranian nation-state has long captivated the attention of our media and politics, this book examines a country that is often misunderstood and explores forgotten aspects of the debate. Using innovative multi-disciplinary methods, it investigates the formation of an Iranian national identity over the last century and, significantly, the role of Iranian people in defining the contours of that identity. By employing popular culture as an archive of study, Assal Rad aims to rediscover the ordinary Iranian in studies of contemporary Iran, demonstrating how identity was shaped by music, literature, and film. Both accessible in style and meticulously researched, Rad's work cultivates a more holistic picture of Iranian politics, policy, and society, showing how the Iran of the past is intimately connected to that of the present.
Improving understanding and utilization of the antibiogram among medical residents
Authors: Cooper Stephen J. , Destache Christopher J. , Vivekanandan Renuga
Published: August 2022

In this quality improvement project, we sought to increase the understanding and utilization of the antibiogram among physicians in family medicine, internal medicine, and surgery residency programs at a Midwest Academic Healthcare institution. Through simple, inexpensive measures the comfort with, access to, and utilization of the antibiogram can be improved.
Survival Evaluation of Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients with Cox Frailty Approach
Authors: Osmani Freshteh , Ziaee Masood
Published: August 2022

Introduction:

The survival cox analysis is becoming more popular in time-to-event data analysis. When there are unobserved /unmeasured individual factors, then the results of this model may not be dependable. Hence, this study aimed to determine the factors associated with Covid-19 patients’ survival time with considering frailty factor.

Methods:

This study was conducted at 1 of the hospitals in Iran, so that hospitalized patients with COVID-19 were included. Epidemiological, clinical, laboratory, and outcome data on admission were extracted from electronic medical records. Gamma-frailty Cox model was used to identify the effects of the risk factors.

Results:

A total of 360 patients with COVID-19 enrolled in the study. The median age was 74 years (IQR 61 – 83), 903 (57·7%) were men, and 661 (42·3%) were women; the mortality rate was 17%. The Cox frailty model showed that there is at least a latent factor in the model (P = 0.005). Age and platelet count were negatively associated with the length of stay, while red blood cell count was positively associated with the length of stay of patients.

Conclusion:

The Cox frailty model indicates that in addition to age, the frailty factor is a useful predictor of survival in Covid-19 patients.
Longitudinal experiences and risk factors for common mental health problems and suicidal behaviours among female sex workers in Nairobi, Kenya
Authors: Beksinska Alicja , Shah Pooja , Kungu Mary , Kabuti Rhoda , Babu Hellen , Jama Zaina , Panneh Mamtuti , Nyariki Emily , Nyabuto Chrispo , Okumu Monica , Ngurukiri Pauline , Irungu Erastus , Kaul Rupert , Seeley Janet , Gafos Mitzy , Beattie Tara S. , Weiss Helen A. , Kimani Joshua
Published: August 2022

Background

Female sex workers (FSWs) are at high risk of mental health problems and suicide risk. Few longitudinal studies have examined risk factors for poor mental health among FSWs.

Methods

Maisha Fiti is a longitudinal study among FSWs randomly selected from Sex Worker Outreach Programme clinics across Nairobi. Behavioural-biological survey data were collected at baseline (n = 1003, June–December 2019), midline (n = 366) (Jan–March 2020) and endline (n = 877) (June 2020–Jan 2021). Women reporting mental health problems were offered counselling services. Multivariable mixed logistic regression models were used to examine factors associated with mental health problems and suicidal behaviours.

Results

There was a decline in the proportion of women reporting any mental health problem (depression and/or anxiety and/or PTSD) (baseline: 29.9%, midline: 13.3%, endline: 11.8%). There was strong evidence that any mental health problem was associated with recent hunger (aOR 1.99; 95% CI 1.37–2.88) and recent violence from non-intimate partners (2.23; 95% CI 1.55–3.19). Recent suicidal behaviour prevalence was similar across survey rounds (baseline: 10.2%; midline: 10.2%; endline: 10.4%), and was associated with recent violence from non-intimate partners (aOR 1.96; 95% CI 1.31–2.95), recent hunger (aOR 1.69; 95% CI 1.15–2.47) and having an additional employment to sex work (aOR 1.50; 95% CI 1.00–2.23).

Conclusions

Our study found a decline in mental health problems but high levels of persistent suicidal behaviours among FSWs. Syndemic risk factors including food insecurity and violence were longitudinally associated with mental health problems and recent suicidal behaviours. There is a need for accessible mental health services for FSWs, alongside structural interventions addressing poverty and violence.
Jewishness without Jews? Ontological Security, Ethnonationalism, and the Social Power of Analogical Reasoning in Postcolonial Nigeria
Authors: Ejiofor Promise Frank
Published: August 2022

Why do Igbo nationalists subscribe to the view that Igbos are one of the Lost Tribes of Israel and thus descend from Jewish people despite evidence against such genealogical and cultural ties? This problematic is largely underexplored in the copious literature on ethnonationalist agitations in Nigeria. Drawing on ontological security theory, I contend that Igbo nationalists employ the analogy of Jewishness to posit the Igbo as a unique ethnoreligious and ethnoracial group whose identity is under existential threat in postcolonial Nigeria and to draw global attention to their separatist cause. Further, I argue that although belief in the similarities between Jews and Igbos predates postcolonial Igbo nationalism – there are scores of racialist writings advanced by European colonizers in precolonial times to undermine African cultures (the so-called Hamitic hypothesis) – it was particularly invoked by Igbo nationalists during the gory Nigerian Civil War (1967–1970), a defining moment in the social construction of Igbo identity. Igbo nationalists appropriated the Jewish experience of persecution in Central and Eastern Europe to make their case for the ontological security of Igbos. Whilst this political strategy was partially successful, it did not halt the Nigerian state from extirpating Biafra. Despite the reincorporation of Biafran territory into Nigeria, Igbo nationalists still see themselves as Jews and Jewishness has mutated into something of a pristine Igbo identity in postcolonial Nigeria.
Translators to weave with the non-humans
Authors: Bonneval Karine
Published: August 2022

My visual artworks propose ways of being in the world—the world that humans share with non-humans. By developing projects such as breathe with a tree or listen to soil, I wish my installations to be experienced as translators. Those art projects are the result of collaborations with different teams of scientists. Together we found technological tools that could be used in art installations. These hybridizations between art and science sometimes mischievously divert technology, and instead, offer us aesthetic work with its roots deep in traditional arts and crafts knowledge. With them we can—for a moment—share time with plants, and be in dialogue with air, soil and gravity. The first project, Dendromacy, an experimental movie, was designed with a specific cooled lens thermal camera. The second one, Listening to the soil, a sounded ceramic installation started from bioacoustics recordings of the soil mega and meso-fauna.
A comparison of radiofrequency Coblation and cold steel excision in the treatment of idiopathic vocal process granulomas
Authors: Lou Z , Lou Z , Lv T , Chen Z
Published: August 2022

Objective

To compare the effectiveness of radiofrequency Coblation assisted excision and cold steel excision in the treatment of idiopathic vocal process granulomas.

Methods

A retrospective study was performed of patients with idiopathic vocal process granulomas who underwent radiofrequency Coblation excision or cold steel excision between January 2013 and January 2020. The recurrence rate was compared among the two groups at six months post-operatively.

Results

Of the 47 patients with vocal process granulomas, 28 were in the cold steel excision (control) group and 19 were in the Coblation-assisted group. The recurrence rate in the control group was significantly higher than that in the Coblation-assisted group (60.7 per cent vs 5.3 per cent; p < 0.001). In addition, the voice recovery of the Coblation-assisted group was significantly better than that of the control group; vocal quality recovered one month after surgery in the Coblation-assisted group.

Conclusion

Radiofrequency Coblation should be considered the optimal method when approaching idiopathic vocal process granulomas surgically.
Major haemorrhage after non-surgical management of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Leedman S , Thompson A , Phillips T , Sader C
Published: August 2022

Objectives

Major haemorrhage is a rare complication after chemoradiotherapy for oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma. This is managed by interventional neuroradiology with endovascular embolisation of the bleeding vessel. This study aimed to describe radiological and clinical predictors of haemorrhage.

Methods

A retrospective case series was conducted of all patients with oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas who suffered a major haemorrhage requiring embolisation during or after treatment with chemoradiotherapy or radiotherapy alone, between 2013 and 2021, in Western Australia.

Results

This study included 14 patients, in two groups: haemorrhage group (n = 70) and tumour stage matched non-haemorrhage group (n = 7). Patients who haemorrhaged had a larger average transverse axial tumour size on pre-treatment computed tomography (38 mm vs 22 mm; p = 0.02) and tumours tended to involve the proximal aspect of the offending bleeding vessel. All patients who haemorrhaged developed deep cavitating or ulcerative tumour bed changes on post-treatment imaging (p < 0.0001).

Conclusion

Tumour bed ulceration or cavitation appears to be highly predictive of haemorrhage in this patient cohort.
Glass Bottles and Military Production
Authors: Cool H.E.M.
Published: August 2022

abstract

This article draws attention to the fragments of two glass bottles found in auxiliary fort contexts of Antonine date in Britain which can be shown to have been made within the Flavian legionary fortress at Bonn. They are evidence of hitherto unsuspected aspects of legionary production and of supply within military establishments. They are also evidence of how long some artefacts could have remained in use. Reasons that might have prompted their manufacture are explored.
ON MULTIFRACTIONALITY OF SPHERICAL RANDOM FIELDS WITH COSMOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS
Authors: BROADBRIDGE PHILIP , NANAYAKKARA RAVINDI , OLENKO ANDRIY
Published: August 2022

This paper investigates spatial data on the unit sphere. Traditionally, isotropic Gaussian random fields are considered as the underlying mathematical model of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) data. We discuss the generalized multifractional Brownian motion and its pointwise Hölder exponent on the sphere. The multifractional approach is used to investigate the CMB data from the Planck mission. These data consist of CMB radiation measurements at narrow angles of the sky sphere. The results obtained suggest that the estimated Hölder exponents for different CMB regions do change from location to location. Therefore, the CMB temperature intensities are multifractional. The methodology developed is used to suggest two approaches for detecting regions with anomalies in the cleaned CMB maps.
COHOMOLOGICAL MACKEY 2-FUNCTORS
Authors: Balmer Paul , Dell’Ambrogio Ivo
Published: August 2022

We show that the bicategory of finite groupoids and right-free permutation bimodules is a quotient of the bicategory of Mackey 2-motives introduced in [2], obtained by modding out the so-called cohomological relations. This categorifies Yoshida’s theorem for ordinary cohomological Mackey functors and provides a direct connection between Mackey 2-motives and the usual blocks of representation theory.
Do partisan politics influence domestic credit?
Authors: Tawiah Vincent , Nadarajah Sivathaasan , Alam Md Samsul , Allen Tom
Published: August 2022

Left-leaning and right-leaning governments hold opposing views on economic policy, resulting in disparities in economic behaviours and outcomes. Given this context, we explore the effect of political ideology on domestic credit using an unbalanced panel data of 29 countries from 1960 to 2014. Our empirical analysis shows that left-leaning governments reduce total domestic credit allocations. Also, we find that right-leaning governments provide more credit to the private sector, while left-leaning governments prefer to boost domestic credit to the public sector. In a further analysis, we show that political parties and their domestic credit strategies remain unchanged even during electoral periods. Our novel insights, that are robust to alternative measures, samples, and a set of econometric identifications, contribute to the literature on partisan politics and lending behaviour.
The Development of Children’s Egalitarianism in the Context of Group Membership and Resource Valence
Authors: Zmyj Norbert , Rausch Anne , Schröder Lisa , Seehagen Sabine
Published: August 2022

Abstract. Children’s motivation for the egalitarian allocation of resources is reflected in their allocation of positive and negative resources between themselves and others. In the present study, 6- ( n = 29) and 8-year-olds ( n = 25) could choose between different allocations of positive and negative resources to themselves and others in a series of games. The other player was either an ingroup member or an outgroup member. Results revealed that, overall and irrespective of resource valence, 8-year-olds were more likely to choose an egalitarian allocation of resources than 6-year-olds. 8-year-olds also shared more positive resources with the outgroup member than 6-year-olds. Children’s egalitarianism is discussed in light of theories of prosocial development.
Suitability of Motivational Regulation Strategies for Specific Motivational Problems
Authors: Eckerlein Nicole , Engelschalk Tobias , Steuer Gabriele , Dresel Markus
Published: August 2022

Abstract. Learners utilize a variety of strategies to regulate their motivation. Theoretical models of motivational regulation imply a connection between the decision for a concrete strategy and the specific situational requirements. Accordingly, one would expect that the suitability of a strategy depends on how well it fits the motivational problem in question. Since reliable findings on this point are missing, we conducted a survey of N = 33 proven experts in the field of self-regulated learning to enlighten the suitability of nine strategies for six different motivational problems. Our findings showed that the suitability of a group of strategies was consistently considered dependent on the given motivational problem (e. g., ability-focus self-talk was suitable to enhance motivation for a difficult task) – pointing to the importance of conditional strategy knowledge for learners. For another group of strategies, experts’ suitability judgments were indifferent, indicating that strategy suitability may also comprise idiosyncratic (i. e., person-specific) aspects.
Plant-Nibbling Insects May Make It Cloudier and Cooler
Authors: Dzombak Rebecca
Published: August 2022

Insects that eat plant leaves could change the local atmosphere, but current climate models do not account for this impact.
Geochemical and Chronological Constraints on the Origin and Mantle Source of Early Cretaceous Arc Volcanism on the Gagua Ridge in Western Pacific
Authors: Zhang Guoliang , Zhang Ji , Dalton Hayden , Phillips David
Published: August 2022

The modern western Pacific basins and arcs formed during the Cenozoic are considered to be underlain by Indian‐type asthenospheric mantle. Nevertheless, Mesozoic volcanic arcs are rare in the western Pacific, and as a result, the nature of the mantle source and subduction history in the western Pacific remains unclear. The Gagua Ridge constitutes the western boundary of the Philippine Sea Plate; however, its geologic nature and genesis are unclear. Here, we determine whole‐rock major and trace elements and Sr‐Nd‐Pb‐Hf‐Mg isotopic compositions and emplacement ages of the volcanic rocks from the Gagua Ridge. These rocks are classified as trachy‐andesites and basaltic andesites. They are characterized by depletion in Nb‐Ta and enrichment in large ion lithosphile elements, confirming their arc affinity.40Ar‐39Ar analyses of plagioclase yields ages of 124‐123 Ma for the basaltic andesite group and ∼115 Ma for the trachy‐andesite group. The elevated Zr‐Hf‐K of these rocks coupled with high Th/La ratios indicate melting of subducted sediments. The anomalously high Nb/Ta (mean ∼33) can be explained by slab melting with residual rutile. These rocks also show the highestδ26Mg (−0.14 to 0.4‰) for arc lavas ever reported and theδ26Mg values are coupled with rare earth element compositions, which can be explained by interaction of sediment melts with altered peridotite/altered oceanic crust in the subduction zone. These volcanic rocks have Nd‐Hf isotopes similar to the Pacific mantle, indicating the presence of Pacific‐type mantle in the Early Cretaceous western Pacific.
Are Large Earthquakes Preferentially Triggered by Other Large Events?
Authors: Nandan Shyam , Ouillon Guy , Sornette Didier
Published: August 2022

Fundamentally related to the ultraviolet (UV) divergence problem in physics, conventional wisdom in statistical seismology is that the smallest earthquakes, which are numerous and often go undetected, dominate the triggering of major earthquakes, making accurate forecasting of the latter difficult if not inherently impossible. Using the general class of epidemic type aftershock sequence (ETAS) models and rigorous pseudo‐prospective experiments, we show that ETAS models featuring a specific magnitude correlation between triggered and triggering earthquakes and a magnitude‐dependent Omori kernel significantly outperform simpler ETAS models, in which these features are absent. Using the best forecasting model, we then show that large events preferentially trigger large earthquakes. These findings have far‐reaching implications for short‐term and medium‐term seismic risk assessment and the development of a deeper theory without UV cut‐off that is locally self‐similar.
Microbial Carbon Use Efficiency in Coastal Soils Along a Salinity Gradient Revealed by Ecoenzymatic Stoichiometry
Authors: Dong Y. , Chen R. R. , Petropoulos E. , Yao T. Y. , Yu B. Q. , Lin X. G. , Feng Y. Z.
Published: August 2022

Soil salinity affects the microbial carbon use efficiency (CUE) that in turn regulates soil‐atmosphere gas exchange and soil C sequestration. So far, little is known about CUE in salt‐affected soils. Hereby, CUE across coastal soils with electric conductivity (EC) ranging from 0.14 dS m−1 to 13.65 dS m−1 was investigated using stoichiometric modeling. Contrary to the belief that CUE decreases with salinity increase, this present study showed that CUE follows a unimodal pattern along the saline gradient with the highest CUE observed at EC = 2 dS m−1. When EC > 2 dS m−1, both CUE and soil microbial growth rate significantly decrease with salinity indicating that microorganisms sacrifice growth for survival/adaptation to high salt stress. When EC < 2 dS m−1, CUE shows a significant positive correlation with EC, but microbial community growth rates remain stable. We also observed that microbial growth becomes limited by carbon scarcity and that the degree of carbon constraint is significantly aggravated with EC. This implies that elevating CUE can be the preferred mechanism for microorganisms to stabilize elemental stoichiometry and maintain growth rate. Our results revealed that along the saline gradient, the dominant factor of CUE shifted from the ecological stoichiometry to salinity, which provides an insight into the microbial‐driven carbon cycling in salt‐affected soils.
ToxR is a c-di-GMP binding protein that modulates surface-associated behaviour in Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: Dubern Jean-Frédéric , Romero Manuel , Mai-Prochnow Anne , Messina Marco , Trampari Eleftheria , Gijzel Hardeep Naghra-van , Chan Kok-Gan , Carabelli Alessandro M. , Barraud Nicolas , Lazenby James , Chen Ye , Robertson Shaun , Malone Jacob G. , Williams Paul , Heeb Stephan , Cámara Miguel
Published: August 2022

Pseudomonas aeruginosauses multiple protein regulators that work in tandem to control the production of a wide range of virulence factors and facilitate rapid adaptation to diverse environmental conditions. In this opportunistic pathogen, ToxR was known to positively regulate the production of the major virulence factor exotoxin A and now, through analysis of genetic changes between two sublines ofP. aeruginosaPAO1 and functional complementation of swarming, we have identified a previously unknown role of ToxR in surface-associated motility inP. aeruginosa. Further analysis revealed that ToxR had an impact on swarming motility by regulating the Rhl quorum sensing system and subsequent production of rhamnolipid surfactants. Additionally, ToxR was found to tightly bind cyclic diguanylate (c-di-GMP) and negatively affect traits controlled by this second messenger including reducing biofilm formation and the expression of Psl and Pel exopolysaccharides, necessary for attachment and sessile communities matrix scaffolding, inP. aeruginosa. Moreover, a link between the post-transcriptional regulator RsmA andtoxRexpression via the alternative sigma factor PvdS, induced under iron-limiting conditions, is established. This study reveals the importance of ToxR in a sophisticated regulation of free-living and biofilm-associated lifestyles, appropriate for establishing acute or chronicP. aeruginosainfections.
Estrogen-related receptor gamma regulates mitochondrial and synaptic genes and modulates vulnerability to synucleinopathy
Authors: Fox S. N. , McMeekin L. J. , Savage C. H. , Joyce K. L. , Boas S. M. , Simmons M. S. , Farmer C. B. , Ryan J. , Pereboeva L. , Becker K. , Auwerx J. , Sudarshan S. , Ma J. , Lee A. , Roberts R. C. , Crossman D. K. , Kralli A. , Cowell R. M.
Published: August 2022

Many studies implicate mitochondrial dysfunction as a key contributor to cell loss in Parkinson disease (PD). Previous analyses of dopaminergic (DAergic) neurons from patients with Lewy-body pathology revealed a deficiency in nuclear-encoded genes for mitochondrial respiration, many of which are targets for the transcription factor estrogen-related receptor gamma (Esrrg/ERRγ). We demonstrate that deletion of ERRγ from DAergic neurons in adult mice was sufficient to cause a levodopa-responsive PD-like phenotype with reductions in mitochondrial gene expression and number, that partial deficiency of ERRγ hastens synuclein-mediated toxicity, and that ERRγ overexpression reduces inclusion load and delays synuclein-mediated cell loss. While ERRγ deletion did not fully recapitulate the transcriptional alterations observed in postmortem tissue, it caused reductions in genes involved in synaptic and mitochondrial function and autophagy. Altogether, these experiments suggest that ERRγ-deficient mice could provide a model for understanding the regulation of transcription in DAergic neurons and that amplifying ERRγ-mediated transcriptional programs should be considered as a strategy to promote DAergic maintenance in PD.
Semiconductor-ferromagnet-superconductor planar heterostructures for 1D topological superconductivity
Authors: Escribano Samuel D. , Maiani Andrea , Leijnse Martin , Flensberg Karsten , Oreg Yuval , Levy Yeyati Alfredo , Prada Elsa , Seoane Souto Rubén
Published: August 2022

Hybrid structures of semiconducting (SM) nanowires, epitaxially grown superconductors (SC), and ferromagnetic-insulator (FI) layers have been explored experimentally and theoretically as alternative platforms for topological superconductivity at zero magnetic field. Here, we analyze a tripartite SM/FI/SC heterostructure but realized in a planar stacking geometry, where the thin FI layer acts as a spin-polarized barrier between the SM and the SC. We optimize the system’s geometrical parameters using microscopic simulations, finding the range of FI thicknesses for which the hybrid system can be tuned into the topological regime. Within this range, and thanks to the vertical confinement provided by the stacking geometry, trivial and topological phases alternate regularly as the external gate is varied, displaying a hard topological gap that can reach half of the SC one. This is a significant improvement compared to setups using hexagonal nanowires, which show erratic topological regions with typically smaller and softer gaps. Our proposal provides a magnetic field-free planar design for quasi-one-dimensional topological superconductivity with attractive properties for experimental control and scalability.
Dispersionless orbital excitations in (Li,Fe)OHFeSe superconductors
Authors: Xiao Qian , Zhang Wenliang , Asmara Teguh Citra , Li Dong , Li Qizhi , Zhang Shilong , Tseng Yi , Dong Xiaoli , Wang Yao , Chen Cheng-Chien , Schmitt Thorsten , Peng Yingying
Published: August 2022

The superconducting critical temperature Tc of intercalated iron-selenide superconductor (Li,Fe)OHFeSe (FeSe11111) can be increased to 42 from 8 K of bulk FeSe. It shows remarkably similar electronic properties as the high-Tc monolayer FeSe and provides a bulk counterpart to investigate the origin of enhanced superconductivity. Unraveling the nature of excitations is crucial for understanding the pairing mechanism in high-Tc iron selenides. Here we use resonant inelastic x-ray scattering (RIXS) to investigate the excitations in FeSe11111. Our high-quality data exhibit several Raman-like excitations, which are dispersionless and isotropic in momentum transfer in both superconducting 28 K and 42 K samples. Using atomic multiplet calculations, we assign the low-energy ~0.3 and 0.7 eV Raman peaks as local eg − eg and eg − t2g orbital excitations. The intensity of these two features decreases with increasing temperature, suggesting a dominating contribution of the orbital fluctuations. Our results highlight the importance of the orbital degree of freedom for high-Tc iron selenides.
Targeted metabolomics reveals aberrant profiles of serum bile acids in patients with schizophrenia
Authors: Qing Ying , Wang Pengkun , Cui Gaoping , Zhang Juan , Liang Kemei , Xia Zhong , Wang Peng , He Lin , Jia Wei
Published: August 2022

Emerging evidence indicates that bile acids (BAs), which are signaling molecules that regulate metabolism and inflammation, appear to be dysregulated in schizophrenia (SZ). Further investigation is warranted to comprehensively characterize BA profiles in SZ. To address this, we analyzed serum BA profiles in 108 drug-free patients with SZ and in 108 healthy controls (HCs), divided into a discovery set (n = 119) and a validation set (n = 97), using ultraperformance liquid chromatography triple quadrupole mass spectrometry. Forty serum BAs were detected and absolutely quantified using calibration curves. Global BA profiling showed differences in SZ and HC groups in both discovery and validation sets. The concentrations of chenodeoxycholic acid, ursodeoxycholic acid, 3β-chenodeoxycholic acid, 7-ketolithocholic acid, 3-dehydrocholic acid, total BAs, and unconjugated BAs were significantly lower in patients with SZ compared with HCs in the two sample sets. The BA deconjugation potentials by gut microbiota and the affinity index of the farnesoid X receptor (FXR) were notably decreased in SZ patients compared to those of HCs. Conjugated BAs and BA deconjugation potentials differed in SZ patients with first versus recurrent episodes, although similar BA profiles were observed in both groups. In addition, a panel of 8 BA variables acted as a potential auxiliary diagnostic biomarker in discriminating SZ patients from HCs, with area under the curve values for receiver operating characteristic curves of 0.758 and 0.732 and for precision-recall curves of 0.750 and 0.714 in the discovery and validation sets, respectively. This study has provided compelling evidence of comprehensive characteristics of circulating BA metabolism in patients with SZ and promoted a deeper understanding of the role of BAs in the pathophysiology of this disease, possibly via the gut microbiota-FXR signaling pathway.