bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Efeitos da terapia combinada na adiposidade localizada: estudo experimental
Authors: Meyer Patrí­cia Froes , Da Camara Júnior Mario Sérgio Varela , De Carvalho Júlio Cesar Vilar , Costa e Silva Júlio Davi , Lopes Mara Fabiany Nunes Secundo , Carreiro Eneida Morais , Da Silva Rodrigo Marcel Valentim
Published: May 2020

Introdução: As associações de Terapias Combinadas de Ultrassom e Eletroterapia (TCUE) no mercado nacional podem ser utilizadas através de diferentes equipamentos. Alguns autores relatam que o uso das TCUE tem eficácia no tratamento da adiposidade localizada. Objetivo: Avaliar os efeitos da terapia combinada (TCUE) no tratamento da adiposidade localizada. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo experimental, composto por uma amostra de 15 coelhos, de ambos os sexos, da espécie Oryctolagus Cuniculus, divididos aleatoriamente em três grupos: G1- grupo TCUE-M que utilizou efeitos do ultrassom com aplicação de correntes estereodinâmicas (n = 5); G2- grupo TCUE -H que utilizou uma combinação de ultrassom e corrente Aussie (n = 5) e G3- controle (n = 5) nenhuma terapia. Resultados: As análises dos resultados revelaram pequenas alterações na camada adiposa na maioria dos coelhos integrantes dos grupos tratados. Conclusão: A análise das lâminas histológicas apresentou irregularidades na membrana celular adiposa mostrando diferentes tamanhos de células.Palavras-chave: tecido adiposo, adiposidade, terapia por estimulação elétrica, terapia por ultrassom.
Відповідальність за створення не передбачених законом воєнізованих та збройних формувань: сучасні проблеми практики
Authors: Гаврилішин А. П.
Published: May 2020

У цій статті досліджено окремі проблемні аспекти, з якими зустрічаються суб’єкти правозастосування під час притягнення до відповідальності осіб, винних у створенні незаконних воєнізованих та збройних формувань. Досліджений інститут кримінальної відповідальності за діяння, пов’язані з функціонуванням незаконних воєнізованих формувань. Розглянуто співвідношення понять «воєнізовані формування» та «збройні формування». Виявлені чинники, що сприяють виникненню на території України незаконних воєнізованих і збройних формувань. Визначені родовий і безпосередні об’єкти, предмет, об’єктивний і суб’єктивний бік, суб’єкт злочину. Надано пропозиції щодо вдосконалення ст. 260 Кримінального кодексу України.
Проблематика здійснення права на заповіт за надзвичайних обставин
Authors: Мілевська А. О.
Published: May 2020

У статті досліджуються проблемні аспекти реалізації права громадян України на укладання та виконання заповітів за надзвичайних обставин. Здійснено аналіз міжнародного досвіду врегулювання порядку укладання таких заповітів та запропоновано нові форми реалізації цього права.
Особливості інституту доказування в цивільному судочинстві
Authors: Самілик Л. О.
Published: May 2020

У статті досліджуються актуальні питання введення новел та змін до цивільного процесуального законодавства, а саме особливості інституту доказування в цивільному судочинстві. Зосереджена увага на процесуальних аспектах подання доказів, конкретизуються засоби доказування та процедура їхнього дослідження.
Напрями мінімізації тіньових відносин у сфері виробництва та реалізації житлово-комунальних послуг
Authors: Чеховська І. В.
Published: May 2020

У статті здійснено аналіз сучасного стану житлово-комунального господарства з виробництва та реалізації житлово-комунальних послуг. Доведено, що житловокомунальна сфера перебуває в критичному стані і причиною цього є значною мірою і тіньові прояви. Сформульовано авторське визначення поняття «тіньові відносини у сфері виробництва та реалізації житлово-комунальних послуг». Доведено доцільність створення системи запобіжних заходів протидії тіньовим проявам та виокремлено напрями мінімізації тіньових відносин у сфері виробництва та реалізації житловокомунальних послуг.
Зарубіжний досвід правового регулювання депозитарної та клірингової діяльності на фондовому ринку
Authors: Минюк О. Ю.
Published: May 2020

Стаття присвячена вивченню зарубіжного досвіду правового регулювання депозитарної та клірингової діяльності на фондовому ринку, здійснено аналіз складу власників центральних депозитаріїв цінних паперів у країнах ЄС, звернуто увагу на основну проблему щодо врегулювання депозитарної та клірингової діяльності між Європейським Союзом та Сполученим Королівством Євросоюзу, яка виникла під час підготовки до офіційного виходу Великобританії з Євросоюзу, так званий Брекзіт (Brexit), що відбувся 29 березня 2019 року, виокремлено позитивний зарубіжний досвід Німеччини та Польщі у цій сфері та можливості напряму його імплементації в Україні.
Сутність та зміст інституту господарсько-правової відповідальності в системі правової відповідальності
Authors: Онишко О. В.
Published: May 2020

Стаття присвячена одній із центральних проблем господарського права – господарсько-правовій відповідальності, що одночасно є досить дискусійною. Зроблена спроба з використанням ключових положень юридичної науки у сфері відповідальності усунути прогалини чинного законодавства, що полягають у площині відсутності чіткого законодавчого визначення господарсько-правової відповідальності. З’ясовані сутність і зміст господарсько-правової відповідальності у контексті розбудови інституту господарсько-правової відповідальності в системі правових інститутів господарського права. Обґрунтовано, що подібна розбудова повинна здійснюватися на основі однопорядкових відносин, підстав і принципів, закладених у правових базисних, базисно-господарських та господарсько-функціональних правових інститутах, кожен з яких займає відповідне місце, пов’язане з феноменом правової відповідальності.
Міжнародні норми та європейське законодавство про працю як основа державної соціальної політики України
Authors: Костюченко О. Є.
Published: May 2020

У статті обґрунтовано, що відсутність політичної визначеності подальшого розвитку відносин у сфері праці та трудового законодавства доводить необхідність оновлення державної соціальної політики на засаду гуманізму, демократії та справедливості. Доведено, що шляхом вирішення проблем якості трудового життя працівників передусім є державна соціальна політика. Як ідеологічна основа, державна соціальна політика має спрямовуватися на вирішення актуальних соціально-економічних проблем працівників – найбільш численної групи серед інших суб’єктів трудового права.
Análisis de Flexo-extensión del Cuello Mediante el Uso de Visión Artificial
Authors: Vicente Kleber , Venegas William , Vásconez Christian , Zambrano Iván
Published: May 2020

En el tratamiento del dolor cervical se emplean equipos y técnicas que no miden la intensidad del dolor del paciente, sino que únicamente permiten observar los daños estructurales de dicha región. Sin embargo, la evaluación de éste dolor se puede llevar a cabo al analizar las variables cinemáticas de los tres movimientos de la articulación cervical: flexo-extensión, flexo-lateral y rotación. En este trabajo estudiaremos la fiabilidad de la técnica de fotogrametría, mediante el uso de una cámara de bajo costo, denominado Kinect V1. La cámara Kinect adquirirá los parámetros cinemáticos del movimiento de flexo-extensión de la articulación del cuello y, técnicas de visión artificial y de procesamiento de imágenes de profundidad/color del sensor Kinect serán empleadas para obtener las trayectorias de los marcadores anatómicos y técnicos. Se utilizará un filtro de Kalman para corregir el seguimiento continuo de las trayectorias de los marcadores técnicos y, consecuentemente, las coordenadas espaciales de cada marcador. Los datos fueron obtenidos de siete sujetos de prueba, entre hombres y mujeres, físicamente sanos. Las edades de los sujetos están comprendidas entre 17 y 40 años. Asociados a las coordenadas de cada marcador técnico, calculamos los parámetros cinemáticos de velocidad angular, aceleración angular y desplazamiento angular, para obtener los parámetros de fiabilidad y correlación entre pruebas. Esto último se realizó al analizar el error estándar medio, el índice de correlación múltiple y los índices de correlación de Pearson, empleados para análisis clínico. El alto índice de correlación entre los ensayos realizados nos permite ratificar la fiabilidad de nuestra metodología.
Hatay’ın Türkiye’ye İltihakı Sürecinde İtalya’nın Tepkisi
Authors: Çelebi Mevlüt
Published: May 2020

Misakımillî sınırları içinde olduğu hâlde, 20 Ekim 1921’de Ankara hükûmeti ile Fransa arasında yapılan anlaşma ve Lozan Barış Antlaşması’nda Türkiye, bazı özerk hükümler içermekle birlikte, Hatay’ın Suriye’de kalmasını kabul etmişti. Hatay’ı “Şahsi meselesi” olarak gören Atatürk, “Kırk asırlık Türk yurdu yaban ellerde kalamaz” diyerek Türkiye’nin niyetini ve kararlılığını göstermiştir. Avrupa’da 1930’ların ikinci yarısında ortaya çıkan tablo, Türkiye’nin İngiltere ve Fransa ile ilişkilerini bir ittifaka götürdü. Bu süreçte Fransa’nın Suriye’de manda idaresine son vermesini, Türkiye, Hatay konusunda bir fırsat olarak gördü. Görüşmeler sonunda Hatay, önce özerk, ardından bağımsız bir yapıya kavuştu ve nihayet Hatay parlamentosu 29 Haziran 1939’da son toplantısını yaparak oybirliğiyle aldığı bir kararla Türkiye’ye ilhak etmiştir.

Suriye ile ilgisi daha önceki yıllara gitmekle birlikte, İtalya’nın bölgeye dönük faaliyetleri 1930’larda arttı. Bütün dış politikasını sömürgecilik üzerine kuran Mussolini İtalya’sı, Fransa’nın çekilmesi durumunda Suriye’ye yerleşmeyi planlıyordu. Bu nedenle 23 Haziran 1939’da Sancak meselesi hakkında Türk-Fransız antlaşmasının imzalanması İtalya Devleti ve basınını ayağa kaldırdı. İtalyan basınında, Türk-İngiliz-Fransız yakınlaşmasını eleştiren yazılar çıkmaya başladı. Asıl tepki İtalya hükûmeti tarafından gösterildi ve İtalya, Fransa’ya 10 Temmuz 1939’da bir nota verdi. Söz konusu notada, 23 Haziran 1939 tarihli Türk-Fransız antlaşmasına atıfta bulunularak, San Remo’da 24 Nisan 1920’de İngiltere, Fransa ve İtalya arasında alınan karar gereğince, İtalya’nın haberi ve rızası olmadan böyle bir antlaşma yapılamayacağını ileri sürdü. Bu nota, zaten derin bir güvensizlik döneminden geçmekte olan Türkiye-İtalya ilişkilerinde olumsuz bir rol oynadı. Aslında mesele sadece Türkiye-İtalya ilişkileriyle sınırlı değildi. İtalya’nın tepkisi Türkiye’ye olduğu kadar Türkiye-İngiltere-Fransa arasında oluşan ittifaka da yöneliktir.
Prediction of LAM Coke Price Using ANN and ANFIS Model
Authors: Sanjita Jaipuria
Published: May 2020

In the procurement decision, the future price of the raw material plays an important role as it affects the budget and procurement plan. Inaccuracy in raw material price prediction affects the performance of procurement activity and budget plan. Low Ash Metallurgical (LAM) coke is one of the important raw materials used by various alloy manufacturing company. In India, this coke generally imported from the foreign market and followed a long-term contract with the supplier. The LAM coke price is highly volatile in nature. Hence, accurate forecasting of the LAM coke price is very important for any alloy manufacturing company to manage its budget for the procurement. The intelligent models such as Artificial Neural Network (ANN) and Adaptive Neuro-fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) can learn the past pattern through their self-learning and adapting capability. In this study, the discrete wavelet transformation has been used to extract the past LAM coke price pattern and resultant series applied to train the ANN and ANFIS model to improve the prediction accuracy. From the study, it has found that the prediction error for both the model is less than 5%, hence those models can be used by the alloy industry to predict the LAM coke price.
Institutional Environment, Entrepreneurial Self-Efficacy and Entrepreneurial Intention of Company Employees
Authors: Devi Angrahini Anni Lembana  , Yu Yu Chang  , Wen Ke Liang
Published: May 2020

From the intentionality-based view, individuals' actual behaviors to initiate a new venture is driven by their entrepreneurial intentions. Company employees have accumulated professionalism and practical experience, which both enable them to discover some unmet market demand and industrial gaps. However, in establishing a new business, not everyone with certain knowledge or expertise has the desire to become an entrepreneur. Prior research has shown that entrepreneurial intentions are under the profound influences of intrinsic factors and extrinsic factors. On the one hand, entrepreneurial self-efficacy is one of the key psychological states that makes someone dare to initiate entrepreneurial activities. Institutional environment, on the other hand, can either enhance and hinder an individuals' entrepreneurial motivation by offering incentives or causing barriers. Little work has been done to understand how the institutional environment and entrepreneurial self-efficacy jointly affect company employees' intention to quit their job and start an enterprising career. By using hierarchical regression on a sample of 325 Indonesian company employees, this paper shows that the entrepreneurial cognition and entrepreneurial self-efficacy are positively related to employees' entrepreneurial intentions. Also, entrepreneurial self-efficacy strengthens the effect of normative Approval on entrepreneurial intention, whereas the regulatory Support from Government is detrimental to company employees' intention to start a new venture regardless the entrepreneurial self-efficacy is high or low.
Has cycling decreased in Australia? A comparison of 1985/86 and 2011 surveys
Authors: Olivier Jake , Churches Tim , Hayen Andrew , Walter Scott , Grzebieta Raphael
Published: May 2020

There has historically been very little data on cycling in Australia. This lack of data has made it difficult to track whether cycling has changed over a long period of time. The number of cycling trips per day per person increased by 25.1% from the Day-to-Day Travel in Australia 1985/86 Survey to the 2011 National Cycling Participation Survey, while the Australian population 9 years of age and older has increased by 58.5%. The crude rate estimates a 20% reduction in cycling relative to population; however, this analysis does not account for changing Australian demographics during that time. When the rates of cycling are age-sex standardised, cycling trips in Australia increased by an estimated 11.0% (95% CI: 10.8%, 11.1%). The estimated increases in cycling trips, both in raw numbers and age-sex adjusted rates, support increased investments in cycling in Australia.
Considerations for the development of a driver distraction safety rating system for new vehicles
Authors: Imberger Kelly , Poulter Christopher , Regan Michael , Cunningham Mitchell , Paine Michael
Published: May 2020

Drivers engage in a wide range of non-driving related tasks while driving that have potential to distract to them and compromise their safety. These include interactions with infotainment systems built into the vehicle by vehicle manufacturers. These systems enable the performance of communication, entertainment, navigation and internet browsing tasks. Performing these tasks can degrade driving performance and increase crash risk. Not all infotainment technologies in new vehicles are equal in terms of their potential to distract. This paper documents the findings of a study commissioned by the Victorian Department of Transport to determine the feasibility of developing a test protocol for rating the distraction potential of new vehicles entering the Australian market. A literature review, consultation with expert international researchers and industry representatives, and workshops, were conducted in order to determine those elements of the HMI design of infotainment systems that should be assessed, identify suitable candidate test methods for assessing the visual and cognitive load imposed on drivers when performing infotainment tasks, and derive options for a distraction rating system. In addition, safety/rating assessment program reviews and a cost-benefit analysis of introducing a distraction rating system were undertaken. Eight potential distraction test methods were discerned from the literature and consultation. It was concluded that the most suitable test protocol for a distraction rating system involves the use of an HMI design checklist in combination with measurement of the visual and cognitive load imposed on drivers when performing specific infotainment tasks, using the VOT and DRT, respectively. Eight options for introducing a distraction safety rating as a consumer or NCAP distraction rating are presented. Each option builds upon the previous, with the first option being the development of voluntary guidelines (where vehicle manufacturers work to these guidelines on a voluntary basis) to option eight, where NCAPs incorporate a distraction rating in the overall vehicle safety rating. The benefits of introducing a highly effective (best case) distraction rating system are estimated to result in a road crash saving of approximately AU$28 per ‘improved/low distraction’ vehicle per year.
Visualisation of Parkinsonian, essential and physiological tremor planes in 3Dspace
Authors: Jombík P. , Spodniak P. , Bahýľ V. , Necpál J.
Published: May 2020

Based on the fact that tremors display some distinct 3D spatial characteristics, we decided to visualise tremor planes in 3D space. We obtained 3-axial linear accelerometer signals of hand tremors from 58 patients with Parkinson´s disease (PD), 37 with isolated resting tremor (iRT), 75 with essential tremor (ET), and 44 healthy volunteers with physiological tremor (Ph). For each group analysis was done with subsequent spatial 3D regression of the input data i.e. along the x, y and z axes; the projected vector lengths in the individual (vertical transversal XY, vertical longitudinal XZ and horizontal YZ) reference frame planes and their angles. Most meaningful and statistically significant differences were found in the analyses of the 3D vector lengths. The tremor of the PD and the iRT group was oriented mainly in the horizontal YZ plane. The tremors of the patients with ET and Ph were oriented approximately in the midway between the all three referential planes with less tilt toward the vertical longitudinal XZ plane.
The Epistemological Basis for Constructing Data-Driven Narratives.
Authors: Sharma Ravi , Ravindran Thara
Published: May 2020

A narrative is a storytelling technique that may be a practical and effective means of sharing knowledge within a community of interest. Narratives are philosophically aligned to both the case study and the grounded theory methods in that they allow a deep and focused analysis of a subject of interest and then using induction to draw support from data-driven, evidence-based reasoning. The typical sequence of narrative construction comprises three distinct phases: 1) identifying a purpose and an audience; 2) selecting observation or data points and analytic techniques such as visualization, modelling or benchmarking, from which to extract valuable knowledge or wisdom to share; 3) developing key messages incorporating good practices and lessons learnt, or re-constructing the narrative with new data or purpose.
APPLICATION OF INTERNET OF THINGS (IOT) TECHNOLOGY TO TRADITIONAL SHRIMP PONDS IN SRIMINOSARI VILLAGE, EAST LAMPUNG
Authors: SETIAWAN Andi , JULIASIH Ni Luh Gede Ratna , ABDULAH Wawan
Published: May 2020

Traditional shrimp farmers at Sriminosari village still have problem to improve the productivity of their shrimp pond. Based on observation in the field, the low productivity of shrimp pond mainly due to the quality of water pond. Technology of the internet of things (IoT) is an alternative way to monitor some parameter their quality of water such as pH and temperature. Implementation of IoT will give a simple way to monitor the quality of water in a real time and continues. Technically, technology of IoT is not so expensive and easy to used for collecting data of quality water. So it is acceptable to implanted at Sriminosari village and useful to improve productivity shrimp farmer at Sriminosari village. Furthermore, information from IoT data will help farmer shrimp to reduce the risk in their business. Starting from a forum disscussion group (FGD), the technology IoT was introduced to some shrimp farmer at Sriminosari village. In general, The farmer gets basic knowledge about the concept of IoT including the implementation in the field. In this program, parameter pH and temperature was selected as model to monitor water quality of shrimp pond. The result of measurement data temperature on the field showed that an averaged value of temperature relatively stable in normal range 26-33⁰C, while the value of pH is various and tend to over the lower limit (< 6.0). Based on collecting data of temperature and pH on the field, it can be concluded that implementing IoT is very useful to assess the quality of water in shrimp farm. Furthermore, the respondents of shrimp farms indicated that implementation IoT in shrimp is acceptable and promising to improve their shrimp farm productivity.
ANALYSIS OF THE STUDIES RESULTS OF EMISSIONS OF POLLUTANTS BY USED CARS IMPORTED INTO UKRAINE FROM THE USA
Authors: Klymenko Oleksiy , Ustymenko Viktor , Kolobov Konstantin , Rychok Sergey , Gora Mykolay , Naumenko Nila
Published: May 2020

It`s given an analysis of the distribution of wheeled vehicles regarding values of mass specific emissions of pollutants obtained from the results of tests in the European driving cycle (NEDC) the group of 1109 used (second-hand) vehicles of category M1 of various brands (equipped with gasoline engines, which at the time of production were in accordance with federal environmental requirements of the USA), and imported into Ukraine from North America. The analysis included in particular distribution of pollutants specific mass emission vs. total mileage of 3 main vehicle`s brands of tested group consisted mainly of VW, Mazda and Ford. It`s also included statistical frequency distribution of whole tested group and for aforementioned brands individually in comparison with EU (“Euro-5”) and US (T2B5) emission limits, used for type approval and as OBD thresholds, including Ukrainian limits used for second-hand vehicles that does not approved in accordance to EU legislation or within the 1958 Agreement concerning the Adoption of Uniform Conditions of Approval and Reciprocal Recognition of Approval for Motor Vehicle Equipment and Parts. The analysis gives opportunity of comparison of established in tested group of one of the key European, Japan and US manufacturers of passenger vehicles regarding its emission values distribution based on NEDC test procedure results. It`s given the rationale for amending the current procedure for assessing conformity of this category of vehicles (“Approval of the design of vehicles, their parts and equipment”, approved by order of the Ministry of Infrastructure of Ukraine No. 521 dated 17/08/2012), taking into account cancellation at the end of 2018 (according to the Law of Ukraine No. 2612-VIII dated 11/08/2018) of "Euro-5" standards as the minimum requirements for the first registration in Ukraine of used (second-hand) vehicles of heading 8703 of the Ukrainian classification of goods of foreign economic activity.
Keywords: wheeled vehicles, passenger cars, emission of pollutants, regulation, setting of norms, certification, import of vehicles from the USA.
Distribution of Melanin Pigmentation in 33 Organs of Thai Black-Bone Chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus)
Authors: Nganvongpanit Korakot , Kaewkumpai Piyatida , Kochagul Varankpicha , Pringproa Kidsadagon , Punyapornwithaya Veerasak , Mekchay Supamit
Published: May 2020

The black-bone chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus) is a breed of chicken that is commonly found in Thailand. This breed is known for having a number of black colored organs. Consumers have been notably attracted to the black-bone chicken breed for the characteristic darkness that is observed in many of its organs. However, the degree of darkness in all organs of the black-bone chicken is still in question. Importantly, there have not yet been any published reports on the distribution of melanin pigment in the organs of the black-bone chicken. This research study aims to examine the distribution of the melanin pigment in 33 organs of the Thai black-bone chicken. Ten black-bone chickens (five male, five female) were included in this study. Thirty-two organs including the brain, spinal cord, sciatic nerve, larynx, trachea, syrinx, lungs, heart, pericardium, aorta, brachial vein, kidney, cloaca, oviduct, testis, gastrocnemius muscle, femur, tongue, esophagus, crop, proventriculus, gizzard, duodenum, jejunum, ileum, cecum, pancreas, liver, gall bladder, omentum, abdominal fat, spleen, and skin were examined in this study. Histological sections taken from tissue samples of each of these organs were studied. The findings revealed that the presence of the melanin pigment was not significantly different (p > 0.005) between male and female specimens. Notably, the liver was the only organ in which the melanin pigment had not accumulated. Consequently, there was not a uniform pattern of melanin pigment accumulation throughout the organs of the chickens. The melanin pigment was present in all of the tissue layers of most organs, while the melanin pigment was found in only specific layers of some of the organs. In conclusion, the distribution of melanin pigmentation in the organs of each of the animals in this study was found to be different. However, in some tissue samples, such as those obtained from the liver, no accumulation of the melanin pigment was observed.
Estimation of Genetic Parameters for Pork Quality, Novel Carcass, Primal-Cut and Growth Traits in Duroc Pigs
Authors: Willson Hannah E. , Rojas de Oliveira Hinayah , Schinckel Allan P. , Grossi Daniela , Brito Luiz F.
Published: May 2020

More recently, swine breeding programs have aimed to include pork quality and novel carcass (e.g., specific primal cuts such as the Boston butt or belly that are not commonly used in selection indexes) and belly traits together with growth, feed efficiency and carcass leanness in the selection indexes of terminal-sire lines, in order to efficiently produce pork with improved quality at a low cost to consumers. In this context, the success of genetic selection for such traits relies on accurate estimates of heritabilities and genetic correlations between traits. The objective of this study was to estimate genetic parameters for 39 traits in Duroc pigs (three growth, eight conventional carcass (commonly measured production traits; e.g., backfat depth), 10 pork quality and 18 novel carcass traits). Phenotypic measurements were collected on 2583 purebred Duroc gilts, and the variance components were estimated using both univariate and bivariate models and REML procedures. Moderate to high heritability estimates were found for most traits, while genetic correlations tended to be low to moderate overall. Moderate to high genetic correlations were found between growth, primal-cuts and novel carcass traits, while low to moderate correlations were found between pork quality and growth and carcass traits. Some genetic antagonisms were observed, but they are of low to moderate magnitude. This indicates that genetic progress can be achieved for all traits when using an adequate selection index.
Effect of Research Impact on Emerging Camel Husbandry, Welfare and Social-Related Awareness
Authors: Iglesias Pastrana Carlos , Navas González Francisco Javier , Ciani Elena , Barba Capote Cecilio José , Delgado Bermejo Juan Vicente
Published: May 2020

The lack of applied scientific research on camels, despite them being recognized as production animals, compels the reorganization of emerging camel breeding systems with the aim of achieving successful camel welfare management strategies all over the world. Relevant and properly-framed research widely impacts dissemination of scientific contents and drives public willingness to enhance ethically acceptable conditions for domestic animals. Consumer perception of this livestock industry will improve and high-quality products will be obtained. This paper draws on bibliometric indicators as promoting factors for camel-related research advances, tracing historical scientific publications indexed in ScienceDirect directory from 1880–2019. Camel as a species did not affect Journal Citation Reports (JCR) impact (p > 0.05) despite the journal, author number, corresponding author origin, discipline and publication year affecting it (p < 0.001). Countries with traditionally well-established camel farming are also responsible for the papers with the highest academic impact. However, camel research advances may have only locally and partially influenced welfare related laws, so intentional harming acts and basic needs neglect may persist in these species. A sustainable camel industry requires those involved in camel research to influence business stakeholders and animal welfare advocacies by highlighting the benefits of camel wellbeing promotion, co-innovation partnership establishment and urgent enhancement of policy reform.
Suitability of the Nisin Z-producer Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis CBM 21 to be Used as an Adjunct Culture for Squacquerone Cheese Production
Authors: Siroli Lorenzo , Patrignani Francesca , D’Alessandro Margherita , Salvetti Elisa , Torriani Sandra , Lanciotti Rosalba
Published: May 2020

This research investigated the technological and safety effects of the nisin Z producer Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis CBM 21, tested as an adjunct culture for the making of Squacquerone cheese in a pilot-scale plant. The biocontrol agent remained at a high level throughout the cheese refrigerated storage, without having a negative influence on the viability of the conventional Streptococcus thermophilus starter. The inclusion of CBM 21 in Squacquerone cheesemaking proved to be more effective compared to the traditional one, to reduce total coliforms and Pseudomonas spp. Moreover, the novel/innovative adjunct culture tested did not negatively modify the proteolytic patterns of Squacquerone cheese, but it gave rise to products with specific volatile and texture profiles. The cheese produced with CBM 21 was more appreciated by the panelists with respect to the traditional one.
Pigs’ Feed Fermentation Model with Antimicrobial Lactic Acid Bacteria Strains Combination by Changing Extruded Soya to Biomodified Local Feed Stock
Authors: Vadopalas Laurynas , Ruzauskas Modestas , Lele Vita , Starkute Vytaute , Zavistanaviciute Paulina , Zokaityte Egle , Bartkevics Vadims , Badaras Sarunas , Klupsaite Dovile , Mozuriene Erika , Dauksiene Agila , Sidlauskiene Sonata , Gruzauskas Romas , Bartkiene Elena
Published: May 2020

The aim of this study was to apply newly isolated antimicrobial characteristic possessing lactic acid bacteria (LAB) starters (Lactobacillus plantarum LUHS122, Lactobacillus casei LUHS210, Lactobacillus farraginis LUHS206, Pediococcus acidilactici LUHS29, L. plantarum LUHS135, and Lactobacillus uvarum LUHS245) for local stock (rapeseed meal) fermentation and to evaluate the influence of changing from an extruded soya to biomodified local stock in a feed recipe on piglets’ fecal microbiota, health parameters, growth performance, and ammonia emission. In addition, biomodified rapeseed meal characteristics (acidity and microbiological) were analyzed. The 36-day experiment was conducted using 25-day-old Large White/Norwegian Landrace (LW/NL) piglets, which were randomly distributed into two groups: a control group fed with basal diet and a treated group fed with fermented feed (500 g/kg of total feed). The study showed that the selected LAB starter combination can be recommended for rapeseed meal fermentation (viable LAB count in fermented feed 8.5 ± 0.1 log10 CFU/g and pH 3.94 ± 0.04). At the beginning of the in vivo experiment, the microbial profiles in both piglet groups were very similar: The highest prevalence was Prevotella (34.6–38.2%) and Lactobacillus (24.3–29.7%). However, changing from an extruded soya to fermented rapeseed meal in the feed recipe led to desirable changes in piglets’ fecal microbiota. There was a more than four-fold higher Lactobacillus count compared to the control group. Furthermore, there was significantly lower ammonia emission (20.6% reduction) in the treated group section. Finally, by changing from an extruded soya to cheaper rapeseed meal and applying the fermentation model with the selected LAB combination, it is possible to feed piglets without any undesirable changes in health and growth performance, as well as in a more sustainable manner.
The Reduction of Methane Production in the In Vitro Ruminal Fermentation of Different Substrates is Linked with the Chemical Composition of the Essential Oil
Authors: Garcia Florencia , Colombatto Darío , Brunetti M. Alejandra , Martínez M. José , Moreno M. Valeria , Scorcione Turcato M. Carolina , Lucini Enrique , Frossasco Georgina , Martínez Ferrer Jorge
Published: May 2020

There is interest in identifying natural products capable of manipulating rumen microbial activity to develop new feed additives for ruminant nutrition as a strategy to reduce methane. Two trials were performed using the in vitro gas production technique to evaluate the interaction of substrate (n = 5) and additive (n = 6, increasing doses: 0, 0.3, 3, 30, and 300 µL/L of essential oils—EO—of Lippia turbinata or Tagetes minuta, and monensin at 1.87 mg/L). The two EO utilized were selected because they differ markedly in their chemical composition, especially in the proportion of oxygenated compounds. For both EO, the interaction between the substrate and additive was significant for all variables; however, the interaction behaved differently for the two EO. Within each substrate, the response was dose-dependent, without effects at a low level of EO and a negative outcome at the highest dose. The intermediate dose (30 µL/L) inhibited methane with a slight reduction on substrate digestibility, with L. turbinata being more effective than T. minuta. It is concluded that the effectiveness of the EO to reduce methane production depends on interactions between the substrate that is fermented and the additive dose that generates different characteristics within the incubation medium (e.g., pH); and thus, the chemical nature of the compounds of the EO modulates the magnitude of this response.
Documenting the Welfare and Role of Working Equids in Rural Communities of Portugal and Spain
Authors: Haddy Emily , Rodrigues Joao B. , Raw Zoe , Burden Faith , Proops Leanne
Published: May 2020

Recently, the need for a more holistic approach to welfare assessment has been highlighted. This is particularly pertinent in the case of working equids who provide vital support for human livelihoods, often in low- to middle-income countries, yet suffer from globally low standards of welfare. This study aimed to provide insight into the welfare status and traditional use of working equids in rural Western European communities using the new EARS welfare tool, designed to provide a broad view of the welfare of working equids and the context in which they are found. Other questions on the topics of equid management practices, social transmission of expertise, environmental stressors, and traditions, alongside physical and behavioural welfare assessments were also included to explore the impact of these wide-ranging factors on an understudied population of working equids. The protocol was trialled on 60 working equid owners from communities in Portugal and Spain where, despite the decline in traditional agricultural practices and livestock keeping, donkeys and mules remain working animals. Many owners stated that the help donkeys provided was invaluable, and donkeys were considered to be important for both farming and daily life. However, participants also recognised that the traditional agricultural way of life was dying out, providing insights into the traditional practices, community structure, and beliefs of equid owners. Questions investigating the social networks and social transfer of information within the villages were effective in finding local sources of equid knowledge. Overall, welfare was deemed fair, and the protocol enabled the identification of the most prevalent welfare problems within the communities studied, in this case obesity and the use of harmful practices. The findings suggest that the new protocol was feasible and detail how contextual factors may influence equid welfare. Increasing understanding of the cultural context, social structure, and attitudes within a community, alongside more traditional investigations of working practices and animal management, may, in the future, help to make equid welfare initiatives more effective.
Using Passive Infrared Detectors to Record Group Activity and Activity in Certain Focus Areas in Fattening Pigs
Authors: Von Jasmund Naemi , Wellnitz Anna , Krommweh Manuel Stephan , Büscher Wolfgang
Published: May 2020

Animal behavior is an important aspect in the assessment of animal welfare. Passive infrared detectors (PID), detecting thermal changes to measure activity, have already been used to record data on the behavior of groups of animals. Within this study, the suitability of these detectors for the collection of activity profiles for focused areas is further investigated. The aim was to record the activity of a group of eleven fattening pigs in a pen, as well as the activity in the five functional areas for resting, feeding, drinking, exploration, and elimination. In order to evaluate the data obtained, the behavior was video recorded for visual assessment. In addition, relevant indoor environment parameters were recorded (ammonia, air temperature, and relative humidity). For the measurement of activity by PID, strong correlations from up to r = 0.87 (p < 0.01) could be found compared to visual assessment. The results indicate that activity changes during the day and activity in defined functional areas can be recorded using PIDs. These data combined with data of climate-related sensors could serve the farmer as a monitoring tool for early detection of behavioral changes or serve as partial aspect within a Weak Point Analysis within external on-farm consulting.
Nutritional Physiology and Biochemistry of Dairy Cattle under the Influence of Heat Stress: Consequences and Opportunities
Authors: Sammad Abdul , Wang Ya Jing , Umer Saqib , Lirong Hu , Khan Imran , Khan Adnan , Ahmad Baseer , Wang Yachun
Published: May 2020

Higher milk yield and prolificacy of the modern dairy cattle requires high metabolism activities to support them. It causes high heat production by the body, which coupled with increasing environmental temperatures results in heat stress (HS). Production, health, and welfare of modern cattle are severely jeopardized due to their low adaptability to hot conditions. Animal activates a variety of physiological, endocrine, and behavioral mechanisms to cope with HS. Traditionally, decreased feed intake is considered as the major factor towards negative energy balance (NEBAL) leading to a decline in milk production. However, reciprocal changes related to insulin; glucose metabolism; failure of adipose mobilization; and skeletal muscle metabolism have appeared to be the major culprits behind HS specific NEBAL. There exists high insulin activity and glucose become preferential energy fuel. Physiological biochemistry of the heat stressed cows is characterized by low-fat reserves derived NEFA (non-esterified fatty acids) response, despite high energy demands. Besides these, physiological and gut-associated changes and poor feeding practices can further compromise the welfare and production of the heat-stressed cows. Better understanding of HS specific nutritional physiology and metabolic biochemistry of the dairy cattle will primarily help to devise practical interventions in this context. Proper assessment of the HS in cattle and thereby applying relevant cooling measures at dairy seems to be the basic mitigation approach. Score of the nutritional strategies be applied in the eve of HS should target supporting physiological responses of abatement and fulfilling the deficiencies possessed, such as water and minerals. Second line of abatement constitutes proper feeding, which could augment metabolic activities and synergizes energy support. The third line of supplemental supports should be directed towards modulating the metabolic (propionates, thiazolidinediones, dietary buffers, probiotics, and fermentates) and antioxidant responses (vitamins). Comprehensive understanding of the energetic metabolism dynamics under the impact of incremental heat load and complete outlook of pros and cons of the dietary ameliorating substances together with the discovery of the newer relevant supplementations constitutes the future avenues in this context.
Sizing Milking Groups in Small Cow Dairies of Mediterranean Countries
Authors: Calvo Angela , Airoldi Gianfranco
Published: May 2020

A dairy farmer chooses the number of milking groups in function of the herd size, stall type and milking system also in small cow dairies (number of animals lower than 100–120). In these dairies, there are different milking systems (bucket, trolley, pipeline, little autotandem, herringbone or parallel parlors) and each of them has a different work routine. The knowledge of the routine is the starting point for assessing the milking installation, because it determines the number of milked cows per hour. Different milking systems have common tasks (as pre-dipping, inspecting foremilk, udder preparation, attaching teat cups, post-dipping), but in the meantime there are different operations that characterize each specific routine (e.g., animal entry and exit if there is a parlor, bucket, trolley or milking group positioning if tie-stall). For this reason, we surveyed twenty small dairy farms located in the Piedmont Region (Italy) with different milking systems to correctly acquire the specific milking routines. Different models were therefore studied using the observed routines in in the examined farms. These models were then used to calculate the number of milked cows per hour and the number of milking groups. The main findings were simple equations, specific for each milking system, easily accessible by the farmer to correctly size his milking system.
In Vitro Digestion of Grape Seed Oil Inhibits Phospholipid-Regulating Effects of Oxidized Lipids
Authors: Fruehwirth Sarah , Zehentner Sofie , Salim Mohammed , Sterneder Sonja , Tiroch Johanna , Lieder Barbara , Zehl Martin , Somoza Veronika , Pignitter Marc
Published: May 2020

The intake of dietary lipids is known to affect the composition of phospholipids in gastrointestinal cells, thereby influencing passive lipid absorption. However, dietary lipids rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids, such as vegetable oils, are prone to oxidation. Studies investigating the phospholipid-regulating effect of oxidized lipids are lacking. We aimed at identifying the effects of oxidized lipids from moderately (18.8 ± 0.39 meq O2/kg oil) and highly (28.2 ± 0.39 meq O2/kg oil) oxidized and in vitro digested cold-pressed grape seed oils on phospholipids in human gastric tumor cells (HGT-1). The oils were analyzed for their antioxidant constituents as well as their oxidized triacylglycerol profile by LC-MS/MS before and after a simulated digestion. The HGT-1 cells were treated with polar oil fractions containing epoxidized and hydroperoxidized triacylglycerols for up to six hours. Oxidized triacylglycerols from grape seed oil were shown to decrease during the in vitro digestion up to 40% in moderately and highly oxidized oil. The incubation of HGT-1 cells with oxidized lipids from non-digested oils induced the formation of cellular phospholipids consisting of unsaturated fatty acids, such as phosphocholines PC (18:1/22:6), PC (18:2/0:0), phosphoserine PS (42:8) and phosphoinositol PI (20:4/0:0), by about 40%–60%, whereas the incubation with the in vitro digested oils did not affect the phospholipid metabolism. Hence, the gastric conditions inhibited the phospholipid-regulating effect of oxidized triacylglycerols (oxTAGs), with potential implications in lipid absorption.
Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Functionalized on Hydrogel Grafted Silk Fibroin Fabrics as Efficient Composite Dressing
Authors: Majumder Sudip , Ranjan Dahiya Ujjwal , Yadav Sunny , Sharma Pratibha , Ghosh Debashree , Rao Gyandshwar , Rawat Varun , Kumar Gaurav , Kumar Anuj , Srivastava Chandra
Published: May 2020

Recent advances in woundcare is targeted towards developing active-dressings, where multiple components are combined to provide a suitable environment for rapid healing. The aim of the present research is to study the preparation of biomimic composite wound dressings by the grafting of hydrogel on silk fibroin fabric. The swelling ability of hydrogel grafted silk fibroin fabric was optimized by changing the initiator concentration. In order to impart antimicrobial properties, these dressing are further coated sono-chemically with zinc oxide nanoparticles. The water vapor transmission rate of the prepared samples was measured. The conformation of silk fibroin proteins after grafting with hydrogel was also confirmed using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). The morphology of the zinc oxide-coated silk fibroin fabric and hydrogel-coated silk fibroin was studied using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The antimicrobial activity of the zinc oxide-coated samples was studied against E coli. The cytocompatibility of the prepared dressing materials were evaluated using L929 fibroblast cells. MTT assay and phase contrast microscopic studies showed that the adherence, growth, and proliferation of the L929 fibroblast cells that were seeded on zinc oxide nanoparticles on the functionalized hydrogel-coated silk fibroin dressing was significantly higher than that of pure silk fibroin due to the highly porous, bio-mimic structure that allowed ease of passage of nutrients, growth factors, metabolites, and the exchange of gases which is beneficial for successful regeneration of damaged tissues. The expression of TNF-α and IL-2 were not significantly higher than that of control. The proposed composite dressing would be a promising material for wound dressing and regenerative medicine but in order to prove the efficacy of these materials, more in vivo experiments and clinical tests are required to be conducted in future.
EffHunter: A Tool for Prediction of Effector Protein Candidates in Fungal Proteomic Databases
Authors: Carreón-Anguiano Karla Gisel , Islas-Flores Ignacio , Vega-Arreguín Julio , Sáenz-Carbonell Luis , Canto-Canché Blondy
Published: May 2020

Pathogens are able to deliver small-secreted, cysteine-rich proteins into plant cells to enable infection. The computational prediction of effector proteins remains one of the most challenging areas in the study of plant fungi interactions. At present, there are several bioinformatic programs that can help in the identification of these proteins; however, in most cases, these programs are managed independently. Here, we present EffHunter, an easy and fast bioinformatics tool for the identification of effectors. This predictor was used to identify putative effectors in 88 proteomes using characteristics such as size, cysteine residue content, secretion signal and transmembrane domains.