bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
MIKHAIL BAKHTIN E KARL MARX: CONSCIÊNCIA E LINGUAGEM
Authors: Aguiar Francisco Brandão , Chagas Eduardo Ferreira
Published: December 2020

Neste trabalho buscaremos analisar a relação entre os conceitos de consciência e linguagem a partir de Mikhail Bakhtin e Karl Marx. Neste sentido, no que se refere a Mikhail Bakhtin teremos como escopo principal a obra, Marxismo e Filosofia da Linguagem: problemas fundamentais do método sociológico na ciência da linguagem. No tocante a Karl Marx, percorreremos obras como, A Ideologia Alemã, O capital e Contribuição a Crítica da Economia política. Nossa análise gira sempre em torno da construção dos conceitos de consciência e linguagem em Bakhtin, procurando articulá-los com os pontos de vista desenvolvidos na teoria marxista. Acreditamos que exista uma determinada viabilidade para tal conexão entre os pensadores, uma vez que, a construção da Filosofia da Linguagem de Bakhtin sofre influencia direta da Filosofia Marxista. Nossa pesquisa caracteriza-se como bibliográfica, indireta, qualitativa e se desenvolve por meio da interlocução crítico-discursiva. Concluímos que, a linguagem assim como a consciência tem em comum o fato de necessitarem construir suas bases no contexto histórico social e real. Marx e Bakhtin buscam rechaçar qualquer compreensão idealista referente a esses conceitos. Mais que isso, os autores estão denunciando as posturas metodológicas que introduzem um caráter irreal e atemporal aos conceitos determinantes da sociedade.
"PAUL RICOUER" DE JEAN GRONDIN
Authors: Sousa Thiago Luiz de
Published: December 2020

Jean Grondin (1955-) é um filósofo canadense, que leciona na Universidade de Montreal desde 1991. Seus livros se concentram principalmente em temáticas como hermenêutica, fenomenologia, filosofia clássica alemã e metafísica. Um dos melhores livros introdutórios sobre hermenêutica que temos acesso atualmente é dele, publicado em sua versão portuguesa pela Editora da UNISINOS, Introdução à hermenêutica filosófica (1998). Em tal livro não é trabalhado o maior exponente da tradição hermenêutica da França. Porém, Grondin não é alheio ao pensamento hermenêutico ricoeuriano. A obra de Paul Ricoeur é trabalhada e introduzida por ele em uma obra específica, Paul Ricoeur (2015), para abarcar todos os sentidos e horizontes que este conceito possuí para o filósofo francês [...]
OS DOIS MODOS FUNDAMENTAIS DE RELAÇÃO DO HOMEM COM O DADO TÉCNICO
Authors: Grisotto Américo , Nalli Marcos Alexandre Gomes , Weffort Patrícia Maria
Published: December 2020

Primeiro capítulo da segunda parte da obra de Gilbert Simondon Du mode d’existence des objets tecniques. Paris: Editions Aubier, 1958: Les deux modes fondamentaux de relation de l’homme au donné technique.
INVESTIGATION OF THE AMENABILITY OF A COPPER-RICH REFRACTORY GOLD ORE TO CYANIDE LEACHING
Authors: Msumange Deus Albert , Yazıcı Ersin Yener , Celep Oktay , Deveci Hacı
Published: December 2020

The production of gold from refractory gold ores has been increasing due to the exhaustion of free
milling gold ores. The presence of cyanicides (e.g., copper minerals) and encapsulation of gold
in minerals such as pyrite and arsenopyrite are common reasons for refractoriness of gold ores.
In this study, the amenability of a copper-rich gold ore (108 g/t Au, 1.60% Cu) to cyanide leaching
was investigated. Direct cyanide leaching of the ore showed that the gold extraction was very low
by 18.4% over 24 h., indicating that the ore is highly refractory. Sulphuric acid pretreatment for
the removal of acid-soluble copper was found to be not effective to achieve high gold extractions
at the subsequent cyanide leaching. Leaching at high NaCN concentrations (1-8 g/L) yielded
limited Au extractions of ≤47.2%. Ultra-fine grinding (UFG) (d80: 8-73 μm) as a pretreatment route
followed by cyanide leaching also could provide Au recoveries of just below 54.1%. The findings
showed that the ore is double-refractory and needs the employment of more effective pretreatment
process(es) to achieve acceptable gold extractions (>90%) in subsequent cyanidation stage.
PATLATMA KAYNAKLI TİTREŞİMLERİN YAPAY SİNİR AĞLARI KULLANILARAK TAHMİNİ
Authors: Karadoğan Abdulkadir , Özyurt Meriç Can , Şahinoğlu Ülkü Kalaycı , Özer Ümit
Published: December 2020

Bu çalışmada patlatma kaynaklı titreşim hızının tahmin edilmesinde yapay sinir ağları (YSA)
kullanılmıştır. Bu kapsamda, İstanbul’da bulunan bir taşocağında yapılan patlatmalar izlenmiş ve
patlatmalardan kaynaklanan titreşimler kayıt altına alınmıştır.
İzlenen ilk 12 atımda kaydedilen 24 olaya ait maksimum parçacık hızları ile ölçekli mesafeler
istatiksel analize tabi tutulmuş ve sahanın spesifik titreşim yayılım denklemi elde edilmiştir. Bu
veri seti ayrıca, ölçekli mesafenin giriş, maksimum parçacık hızının ise çıkış olduğu bir YSA
modelinin eğitilmesinde kullanılmış; ve ilgili sahada patlatma kaynaklı titreşimlerin tahmin
edilmesinde kullanılan yeni bir model geliştirilmiştir. Titreşim yayılım denklemi ve geliştirilen
YSA modeli kullanılarak, sonradan izlenen 19 atım için titreşim hızı tahminleri yapılmış, elde
edilen değerler ile kaydedilen 37 olay karşılaştırılmıştır. Titreşim yayılım denklemi ile hesaplanan
değerler ile kaydedilen olaylar arasında yüksek korelasyonlu doğrusal bir ilişki olduğu; YSA
modelinin çıkışları ile kaydedilen olaylar arasında ise daha yüksek korelasyonlu doğrusal bir ilişki
olduğu görülmüştür.
Safety of Herbal Medicines: Clinical and Pharmacological Aspects
Authors: Demidova O. A. , Arkhipov V. V. , Zhuravleva M. V. , Alexandrova T. A. , Alexandrov A. A.
Published: December 2020

Herbal medicines make up a large part of all medicinal products in the Russian market. Complex combinations of biologically active substances that are used as components in herbal medicines not only determine their therapeutic efficacy, but can also cause adverse reactions. The aim of this review was to analyse data on adverse effects of herbal medicines, and reasons and mechanisms behind their development. Special attention should be given to hepatotoxic and nephrotoxic effects of biologically active substances that are used as components in herbal medicines, because liver and kidney failure may lead to life-threatening conditions. The paper addresses hepatic adverse effects, including sinusoidal obstruction syndrome, caused by toxic biologically active substances of the pyrrolizidine alkaloids group. The paper summarises data on herbal medicines and toxic biologically active substances causing acute kidney injury and chronic kidney disease. It analyses potential clinically significant interactions that may occur during co-use of herbal and other types of medicines due to their pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interactions. Further research involving collection, systematisation, and analysis of adverse effects of herbal medicines used alone or in combination with other medicinal products is needed to improve the safety of pharmacotherapy.
Atrial Fibrillation Associated with Anticancer Drugs
Authors: Ostroumova O. D. , Chernyaeva M. S. , Kochetkov A. I. , Bakhteeva D. I. , Ivanov S. N. , Sychev D. A.
Published: December 2020

Atrial fibrillation is a serious adverse reaction associated with the use of anticancer drugs. The aim of the study was to analyse scientific literature on the prevalence, pathophysiological mechanisms, and risk factors of anticancer drug-induced atrial fibrillation, ways of its prevention and treatment. The results of the study showed that the incidence of drug-induced atrial fibrillation varies depending on a specific anticancer drug and ranges from 1 to 86%. It is associated with the use of herbal anticancer agents, alkylating agents, protein kinase inhibitors, monoclonal antibodies, immunosuppressants, antitumor antibiotics, antimetabolites, hormonal anticancer agents, hormone antagonists, etc. Most often, atrial fibrillation develops following the use of such drugs as gemcitabine (in combination with vinorelbine), cisplatin, melphalan, ibrutinib, cetuximab, trastuzumab, alemtuzumab, and doxorubicin. It was demonstrated that the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the development of atrial fibrillation induced by anticancer drugs include electrophysiological abnormalities, myocardial injury, inflammation, immune response, apoptosis, and oxidative stress. Risk factors for the development of anticancer drug-induced atrial fibrillation are not clearly defined yet and continue to be the subject of research. Prevention of drug-induced atrial fibrillation in cancer patients requires a multidisciplinary approach involving participation of an oncohematologist and a cardiologist. The doctors in charge should also be vigilant regarding potential development of this adverse reaction.
Effect of Organic Anion Transporters on the Development of Nephrotoxicity in the Context of NSAIDs Use
Authors: Muslimova O. V. , Evteev V. A. , Mazerkina I. A.
Published: December 2020

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are widely used worldwide as pain relievers, antipyretics, and anti-inflammatory drugs. Failure to comply with the instructions for medical use of this group of drugs increases the risk of serious adverse reactions on the part of different organs and systems. From 5 to 18% of patients taking NSAIDs develop adverse reactions associated with impaired renal function. Organic anion transporter (OAT) proteins, which mediate the drug excretion with urine, have an important role to play in the NSAIDs adverse effect on kidneys. The aim of the study was to analyse and systematize scientific literature on the role of OATs in nephrotoxicity development in the context of NSAIDs use. It was revealed that adverse kidney reactions associated with NSAIDs are determined by several mechanisms, including inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis due to cyclooxeganse-1 and/or cyclooxeganse-2 blockade, and direct toxic effect on renal tubule epithelium followed by tubular necrosis due to NSAIDs interaction with OATs. Moreover, by suppressing OAT1 and OAT3, NSAIDs can not only enhance, but also reduce nephrotoxic effects of other medicines (when used together) and endogenous/exogenous toxins. Considering that NSAIDs are widely used in the treatment of various diseases (including in elderly patients and patients with concomitant renal diseases), it is still relevant to study mechanisms of adverse kidney reactions associated with drug transporters.
Adverse Oral Reactions Associated with Low Doses of Methotrexate
Authors: Izmozherova N. V. , Popov A. A. , Gaysina E. F. , Dobrinskaya M. N. , Bakhtin V. M. , Shatunova M. K. , Zakhvatoshina A. M.
Published: December 2020

Doctors of various medical specialties often encounter adverse drug reactions in their clinical practice. Methotrexate (MTX) can cause adverse reactions in the oral cavity, primarily erosions and ulcerations. The aim of the study was to analyse scientific literature on the prevalence, pathophysiological mechanisms, risk factors for oral lesions associated with low doses of MTX, their prevention and treatment. It was demonstrated that the most frequent oral adverse reactions associated with low doses of MTX are hard-to-heal painful necrotic and often irregularly shaped lesions of the oral mucosa (including aphthae and ulcers). The spectrum of histopathological changes ranges from nonspecific ulcerations to lichenoid reactions. Treatment of oral lesions induced by low doses of MTX consists in drug withdrawal or dose tapering. Folic acid and local symptomatic therapy can also be used, if necessary. Practitioners should be aware of the potential development of MTX-induced oral lesions, and specific aspects of the drug pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics in order to be able to ensure timely detection of adverse reactions and their effective treatment.
Mitigation of narrowband stationary interference in the telemetry complex based on an autocompensator with remote channels.
Authors:   N.I.Lobachevsky Nizhni Nivgorod State University, Gagarina prosp., 23, Nizhnij Novgorod 603950, Russia, Semenov V.Yu. ,   Design Bureau" Kuntsevo", Vereiskaya str., 29, Moscow 125319, Russia, Korotyshev A.V. ,   Yu.E.Sedakov Scientific Research Institute of Measuring Systems", Tropinin str., 47, Nizhnij Novgorod 603137, Russia
Published: December 2020

The problem of combating stationary interference in the areas of operation of ground-based telemetry systems is considered. One of the most annoying types of interference is high-power narrowband TV interference. They are emitted from television towers and their position is known in advance. A solution to this problem is proposed by using a multichannel auto-compensator with a non-standard arrangement of compensation channels. An analytical solution is obtained for the optimal weight vector of the auto-compensator of interference, based on the method of power vectors. This method does not require direct inversion of the interference correlation matrix. The computational complexity of the proposed method is estimated and it is shown that it has a much lower computational complexity compared to the method of direct inversion of the interference correlation matrix. The results of numerical simulation of the interference suppression coefficient are presented. Its effectiveness has been shown.
Research of thermal electric processes in power modules.
Authors:   Ulyanovsk Branch of the Kotenlikov Institute of Radio Engineering and Electronics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 432071, Ulyanovsk, Goncharova str., 48/2, Smirnov V.I. ,   Ulyanovsk State Technical University, Severnyi Venets str., 32, Ulyanovsk 432027, Russia, Sergeev V.A. ,   Ulyanovsk Branch of the Kotenlikov Institute of Radio Engineering and Electronics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 432071, Ulyanovsk, Goncharova str., 48/2,   Ulyanovsk State Technical University, Severnyi Venets str., 32, Ulyanovsk 432027, Russia, Gavrikov A.A. ,   Ulyanovsk Branch of the Kotenlikov Institute of Radio Engineering and Electronics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 432071, Ulyanovsk, Goncharova str., 48/2, Kulikov A.A. ,   Ulyanovsk Branch of the Kotenlikov Institute of Radio Engineering and Electronics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 432071, Ulyanovsk, Goncharova str., 48/2
Published: December 2020

The paper describes the results of investigation of thermophysical processes in power modules. Measuring the thermal field caused by dies heating due to flow of heating current shows uniform temperature distribution in the area of dies mount. This indicates that the processes of current localization caused by positive thermal feedback are compensated by the processes of heat transfer between the chips through the DBC board, which has a high thermal conductivity. The modulation method was used to measure the thermal resistance "junction-to-case" of the power module. In this case, the module dies were heated by PWM pulses of the heating current through the antiparallel diodes of the module MOSFETs. The modulation method allows to measure power module thermal resistance, which value is less than 0.1 K/W.
Scale experimental measurement of impulse response UWB emitters.
Authors:   Voronezh State University, Universitetskaya sq., 1, Voronezh 394018, Russia, Bobreshov A.M. , Neskorodov S.E. ,   Voronezh State University, Universitetskaya sq., 1, Voronezh 394018, Russia, Smuseva K.V. ,   Voronezh State University, Universitetskaya sq., 1, Voronezh 394018, Russia, Uskov G.K. ,   Voronezh State University, Universitetskaya sq., 1, Voronezh 394018, Russia, Anohin N.Yu. ,   Voronezh State University, Universitetskaya sq., 1, Voronezh 394018, Russia
Published: December 2020

This work presents the results of experimental measurements of the impulse response of ultra-wideband emitters: a biconical antenna and a symmetrical dipole. A measurement technique was presented. The channel impulse response is calculated using Tikhonov’s regularization. It is shown that the measured signal corresponds to calculated.
Covid-19’un Ekonomik Etkisinin ve Pandemiyle Mücadele Sürecinde Alınan Ekonomik Tedbirlerin Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: EROĞLU Erdal
Published: December 2020

2019’un sonlarında Çin’in Wuhan Kentinde başlayan ve tüm dünyaya yayılan Covid-19 salgını 2020’nin sonuna gelinmesine rağmen başta sağlıkve ekonomi olmak üzere gündelik yaşamın her alanını olumsuz etkilemeye devam etmektedir. Covid-19, 21. yüzyılda gerçekleşen diğer salgınlardan iki açıdan farklılaşmaktadır. Bunlardan ilki salgının çok daha geniş bir coğrafi alana yayılmasıdır. İkincisi ise ekonominin küreselleşmesi ve tedarik zincirleriyle ülkelerin birbiryle bağımlı ticari ilişkiker içinde olmasından kaynaklı salgının ekonomik etkisinin de küresel düzeyde olmasıdır. Ülkelerde peşi sıra gözlemenen olumsuz tablolar ekonomilerin böylesi bir sürece ne denli hazırlıksız olduğunu göstermektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı Covid-19 salgınının ekonomik etkisinin ve pandemiyle mücalede alınan ekonomik tedbirlerin ülke deneyimleri üzerinden ortaya koymaktır. Bu kapsamda salgının ekonomik açıdan olumsuz etkisi hem makro-ekonomik göstergelerden hem de Covid-19’la mücadele kapsamında alınan ekonomik tedbirlerle ele alınmaktadır. Çalışmada benimsenen yöntem ülke deneyimlerin incelenmesidir. İcelemeye konu edilen ülkeler ise Amerika, İtalya, Almanya, Fransa, İspanya, Çin, Japonya, Güney Kore ve Türkiye’dir. Çalışma ile varılan sonuç; Covid-19’un ekonomik etkisinin uzun bir zaman daha küresel ekonominin gündeminde olacağıdır. Alınan tedbirlere rağmen salgının yayılmasına ya da önlenmesine dair henüz çözüm getirelemediği gibi ekonomik kayıpların telafisi dahi mümkün olamamıştır. Bu durum salgının süresinin ve ekonomik etkisinin aynı zamanda kapitalist sistemin işleyişi ile ilgili olmasından kaynaklanmaktadır.
Türkiye’de Savunma Harcamaları, Silah İthalatı ve Dış Borçlar Arasındaki İlişkinin Analizi: ARDL Sınır Testi Yaklaşımı
Authors: KARAKURT Birol , ŞENTÜRK Suat Hayri , ŞAHİNGÖZ Burak
Published: December 2020

Borç ve açıklar bir ekonomi için önemlidir ve açık harcama politikası ekonomik büyümeyi olumlu etkiler. Fakat, aynı zamanda dış borç çok artarsa ekonomik problemlere de yol açabilir. Borçların belirleyenlerine yönelik çalışmalarda, borç oluşumuna önemli katkı sağlayan savunma harcamalarına görece olarak daha az önem atfedilmiştir. Türkiye son yıllarda savunma harcamaları ve silah ithalatına daha fazla kaynak ayıran bir ülkedir. Bu nedenle, Türkiye’nin dış borçlarının artışında savunma harcamaları ve silah ithalatının ne derece etkili olduğu tartışılan bir konu olmaktadır. Bu konuya açıklık getirmek amacıyla, Türkiye’de savunma harcamaları, silah ithalatı ve dış borçlar arasındaki ilişki 1975-2017 dönemi için yıllık verilerle ARDL sınır testi yardımıyla incelenmiştir. Bulgular uzun ve kısa dönemde savunma harcamaları ve silah ithalatı ile dış borçlar arasında pozitif yönlü ve istatistiki olarak anlamlı ilişki olduğunu göstermektedir.
Skew Semi-invariant Submanifolds of Generalized Kenmotsu Manifolds
Authors: ÜNAL İnan
Published: December 2020

In this paper, we study a special submanifold of a generalized Kenmotsu manifold. Firstly, we define a skew semi-invariant submanifold of a generalized Kenmotsu manifold and give an example. Later, we obtain some basic results for such submanifolds. Finally, we investigate the geometry of distributions.
Development of the House of Quality for Rail Transportation Market
Authors: Lavrov I. M.
Published: December 2020

The article discusses the features and application of the technology of deployment of quality functions. The objective of the article is to present an efficient methodology allowing transport companies to make management decisions in the field of improving the quality of transport services provided to cargo owners. The technique was developed based on the House of Quality model (matrix) in the framework of the Total Quality Management (TQM) concept. Using logical, graphic, factorial, comparative, balance methods and considered technology the article describes in detail the structure and the procedure for constructing the House of Quality matrix within the process of analysis of rail transportation companies and focusing on the features and criteria of customer preferences in the field of rail freight transportation. Actual examples were used to show particularities of provision of rail transportation services. The developed technique and recommendations may be useful for transport companies to proceed with multiple factor analysis if their activity in the field of quality management, to assess efficacy and identify priorities while making decisions aimed at increasing quality of transportation services.
On the Issue of Assigning Additional Stops for Long-Distance Passenger Trains within the Boundaries of the City of Moscow
Authors: Pokusaev O. N. , Chekmarev A. E. , Evseev V. S.
Published: December 2020

In many world’s most populous cities, railways are an integral part of urban transport systems. Commuter and intraurban passenger railway traffic is often and widely considered in this context. On the other hand, the constant growth in passenger traffic of longdistance trains, traditionally gravitating towards railway stations and adjacent urban transport hubs, including metro stations through which arriving passengers pass towards their final destinations in the city, requires search for new solutions to improve comfort of the trip for passengers, and to remove the excess load from the urban transit system. Considering the experience and features of organization of long-distance passenger railway traffic in various countries, the authors based on previous research suggests certain solutions regarding Moscow railway hub. To organize comfortable environment for passengers of all categories of trains, it is advisable to develop a balanced technology of train traffic within the Moscow junction, excluding overloading of individual elements of the transport system (in particular, of rail stations in the city center). The objective of the article is to analyze global experience in organizing traffic of long-distance passenger trains within the boundaries of large agglomerations and to develop proposals to organize additional stopping points for long-distance trains in various districts of Moscow, which will help reduce the load on central transport and interchange hubs, improve quality of transportation services for passengers, and develop the districts of Moscow and Moscow region adjacent to the new TIHs.
News from the Archives. On Improving the Conditions for Passenger Traffic on Suburban and Urban Railways of Petersburg Junction
Authors: Editorial Article
Published: December 2020

The journal Zheleznodorozhnoe Delo [Railway Business] in 1910 reviewed in detail the discussion in City Duma [Council] of St. Petersburg on the report of the Commission of the Ministry of Railways, that suggested the project of comprehensive development of rail transport in the city. Using more modern terminology the discussion touched upon the aspects that are still of interest nowadays, comprising impact on urban planning and traffic jams in the downtown, private public partnership, mobility of population, system development of urban and suburban transit, possibility to use railways for intracity travels and relevant fares, prospect for construction of metro.
Assessment of phytochemical screening by Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopic analysis of peach (Prunus persica) seed biomass from Uttarakhand region of India
Authors: Shukla Rishi Kumar , Kant Ravi
Published: December 2020

Prunus persica (Peach) has several medicinal and nutritive properties such as antioxidant, antimalarial, anticoagulant, antifungal, ant-allergic, etc. The present study focuses on the exploratory for phytochemicals constituents screening of seed extracts of  Prunus persica from Uttarakhand region of India by Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis. The extraction of seed was carried out using soxhlet apparatus in different solvents such as petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate, ethanol, and water. The characteristics of physical parameters of dried seed of P. persica were reported  as total ash (14.250±0.126 %), acid insoluble ash (6.800±0.036 %), water-soluble ash (11.714±0.123 %), and sulphated ash value (2.274±0.025 %); whereas, the extractive values were also recorded as alcohol soluble extractive (1.917±0.011 %), and water-soluble extractive (10.580±0.048 %). The highest values of  nutritive components (366.778±0.257 %) were followed by, carbohydrate (45.500±0.336 %), crude protein (29.360±0.551 %), available carbohydrate content (28.002±0.439 %), moisture content (12.547±0.022 %), crude fibre (11.602±0.123 %), crude fat (7.482±0.068 %), and total nitrogen (4.695±0.032 %). The maximum extraction yield was recorded in the aqueous extract solution (11.15 %), followed by petroleum ether (2.8 %), ethyl acetate (2.1 %), ethanol (1.6 %), and chloroform (0.4 %). Besides, this the most effective chemical bonding groups of FTIR spectra analyzed in a sample of P. persica seed were N-H, O-H (3600-3400 1/cm), C-H (3000-2800 1/cm), N-H, C-C, C=O (1680-1550 1/cm), C-H (1470-1350 1/cm), CO-OR (1400-1000 1/cm), C-H (850-550 1/cm), and C-I (500-400 1/cm), respectively. Therefore, this study provides useful insights into the beneficial properties of P. persica seed biomass from the Uttarakhand region of India, which may be further used for the production of several pharmaceuticals and nutraceutical products.
Communal roosting of Egyptian vulture Neophron percnopterus in Uttar Pradesh, India
Authors: Mishra Shivangi , Kumar Adesh , Sinha Ankit , Kanaujia Amita
Published: December 2020

The behaviour of birds to settle or rest at a place at specific times of day and night is called roosting. Some birds prefer solitary roosting while others roost communally. The Communal roosting behaviour of Egyptian vulture was studied in five districts (Sambhal, Lakhimpur Kheri, Aligarh, Bareilly and Faizabad) of Uttar Pradesh, India from January 2014- December 2017. Total count was conducted at roosting sites in all the seasons (summer, winter and monsoon). The maximum number of individuals counted at the roost site was in Sambhal followed by Lakhimpur Kheri, Aligarh, Bareilly, Faizabad. Four different roost substrates were identified: Ground, tree, building, and electric pylon. A maximum (63%) of Egyptian vultures were observed roosting on the ground, followed by electric pylon (19%), tree (10%) and minimum on building (8%). The present study confirmed that Egyptian vultures are communal roosters and a number of roosting individuals most probably depended on the availability of food of the area. Egyptian vultures are globally endangered species and so far no work has been done on their roosting behaviour in India; therefore the present study will prove beneficial to plan for their conservation strategies.
A review on integrated approach for the management of weeds in Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata)
Authors: J.K. Sinchana , Raj Sheeja K
Published: December 2020

Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) is the most important leguminous crop raised as pulse as well as a vegetable crop in India. The slow initial growth and wider spacing necessitate weed control in the early stages of crop growth. The critical period of crop weed competition in cowpea was 20 to 30 DAS. Season-long crop weed competition resulted in a yield reduction of 40 to 90 per cent in cowpea depending on the intensity of weed infestation, weed flora, season, location, and the climatic condition prevailed. Mulching, manual weeding and stale seedbed are the different cultural methods which can be adopted for weed control in cowpea. Chemical method of weed control is the cheapest and economically viable option for weed control in cowpea. Both Pre-emergence herbicides viz., pendimethalin, diclosulam and imazethapyr and post-emergence herbicides viz., imazethapyr, quizalofop-p-ethyl can be used for weed control in cowpea. Studies revealed that pre-emergence application of herbicide (imazethapyr/pendimethalin or diclosulam) followed by manual weeding or post-emergence application of herbicides (quizalofop-p-ethyl or imazethapyr) or mulching followed by post-emergence application of herbicides (quizalofop-p-ethyl or imazethapyr) were found to be more effective for the broad-spectrum weed control in cowpea. The integrated approach of weed control has resulted in a higher yield, net returns and B: C ratio in cowpea.
Solid waste management in rural areas nearby river Ganga at Haridwar in Uttarakhand, India
Authors: Rajpal Ankur , Kazmi Absar Ahmad , Tyagi Vinay Kumar
Published: December 2020

The solid waste found in rural areas can be used as a soil conditioner providing essential nutrients to crops and enhancing agricultural productivity. It is an eco-friendly and economic preference for Municipal Solid Waste Management (MSW). This study investigates the solid waste management scenario in rural areas along the river Ganga and proposes a sustainable waste management solution. Waste quantification and composition were determined in the five villages (rural areas) viz. Sajanpur, Shyampur, Kangri, Bhogpur and Dummanpuri of district Haridwar in Uttarakhand and their waste management and disposal systems were evaluated. Findings revealed that the average daily waste generation was 0.665 kg/day and per capita generation of household waste was around 0.16 kg/person/day. Major fraction of household waste was bio-degradable (74.14%) and remaining fraction comprised of paper (6.62%), polythene (2.82%), textile (2.52%), plastic (1.15%), glass (0.61%), metal (0.60%), rubber (0.35%), and inert (5.01%). The average bulk density of household waste was 460 kg/m3, whereas cattle waste bulk density was 834 kg/m3. Other waste characteristics included moisture content (60%), organic carbon (40%), nitrogen (1.7%), phosphorus (0.9%) and ash (31%). The calorific value of household waste (biodegradable) was 937.6 kcal/kg (dry basis). Since most of the waste was biodegradable, hence co-composting with cattle waste is recommended. The dry waste can be separated and stored for further processing and transported to nearby waste to energy-producing plants. The main hurdle to the program of waste recycling was the unsegregated collection of waste in rural areas. Hence, separation at the source comprised biodegradable waste, dried waste (paper, plastic, and metal) and other components are essential for the future solid waste management program.
Keratinolysis of chicken feather and human hair by nondermatophytic keratinophilic fungi isolated from soil
Authors: Kumar Jitendra , Yadav Ranjana
Published: December 2020

Development in food industry increases consumption of chicken by people and it is estimated that tons of poultry feathers are produced by poultry farms. Hairs are other forms of keratinous waste which is generated in huge amounts by leather industries and parlours worldwide. Chicken feathers and hairs are waste contains high-quality protein, hard to degraded. Eleven nondermatophytic keratinophilic fungi were isolated from soil by hair baiting method and were used to deteriorate hairs and feathers. Pictographic authentication showed that the microbial incidence started with surface colonization of keratinous substrate, mechanical interference of substrate by penetrating hyphae and development of broad perforating organs. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis of degraded and undegraded hair and the feather was made. In the sulphoxide region at 1073, the band corresponding to S-O was observed with low intensity and poorly visible in control feathers, while in degraded feather intensity of the band was high in case of Chrysosporium indicum and Chrysosporium tropicum. In Hairs, S-O band was more intense in C indicum as compared to C. tropicum while it was absent in undegraded human hair. The present work observed keratin degradation activity on human hair and chicken feather by FTIR spectra which are useful in the study of structure and mechanism of keratinolysis. Keratinous waste degradation has great potential to convert them into various byproducts such as enzymes, amino acids, biofertilizer and animal feed.
A review on distribution and importance of wetlands in the perspective of India
Authors: Arya Ashish Kumar , Joshi Kamal Kant , Bachheti Archana , Deepti
Published: December 2020

Biodiversity is not equally distributed across the world. It depends on the type of various habitats and food availability. In these habitats, wetlands play an import role to increase the biodiversity of the particular area. Many studies have focused on various habitats to conserve biodiversity. However, the wetland studies are very few due to the lack of information on their distribution and importance. The present review focusses on the wetland status and their importance in India. India has vibrant and diverse wetland ecosystems that support immense biodiversity. The wetlands are unique habitats which provide ecological, social and economic values. However, rapid urbanization, industrialization and uncontrolled agricultural practices have pressurized to shrink the wetlands in India. The present paper highlights the wetland habitats in India with their geographical location, distribution, avian species diversity and their significance. The paper also discusses the growing threats like climate change, land-use change and agriculture/ municipal waste to the wetlands and the conservation efforts by Indian government policies, i.e. National Wetland Conservation Programme, National Environmental Policy, and National Plan for conservation of the aquatic ecosystem. In addition, on the basis of previous studies on wetlands,  it is suggested that the role of stakeholders is very much responsible for wetland conservation.
Seasonal variations in proximate composition and metallic elements of three cyprinids from a Central Himalayan river Alaknanda in Garhwal Himalaya, India
Authors: Sharma Sharali , Kumar Sumit , Singh Deepak
Published: December 2020

Fish is an irreplaceable, highly nutritious aquatic food in a balanced diet. On the contrary, fish can also be a source of metal contamination when ingested in excess through food and water. The aim of the present study was to determine the seasonal variations in the proximate body composition and levels of Na, K, Ca, Fe, Zn, Cu, and Pb in the muscle tissue of three fish species namely, Schizothorax plagiostomus, Schizothorax progastus and Barilius bendelisis dwelling in Central Himalayan river Alaknanda at Srinagar (Garhwal)  in Garhwal Himalaya. The protein (21.01-21.74%) and carbohydrates (2.31-2.69%) were found maximum in summer season in all the studied fishes while lipid was found to be highest during monsoon season in S. plagiostomus (2.73%) and S. progastus (2.70%) and lowest (1.62-1.68%) in the winter season. B. bendelisis showed a different pattern of variation in lipid content being highest (6.32%) during summer and lowest (3.34%) in monsoon season. Significantly (F=5.69, p<0.04) high content of lipid was found in B. bendelisis as compared to S. plagiostomus and S. progastus during the three seasons. Na, Ca, K, and Fe were detected highest during monsoon, Pb, and Cu during summer and Zn during the winter season. However, Pb was not detected in all the fish samples during monsoon season. B. bendelisis was significantly (p<0.001)rich in Na and Ca, S. plagiostomus in K (p<0.01), and S. progastus in Fe (p<0.001) content during all three seasons. Ca was rich among macroelements while Fe among microelements in all the studied fishes. The amount of Zn (1.48-4.55 mg/100g), Cu (0.429-0.869 mg/100g), and Pb (0.117-0.447 mg/100g) were within the permissible limits of International food safety guidelines. The seasonal variations in the parameters are attributed to food availability, temperature changes, fish metabolism, and prevailing environmental conditions. Thus, these cyprinid species were regarded as safe and useful for human consumption.
Asafoetida (Ferula asafoetida): A high-value crop suitable for the cold desert of Himachal Pradesh, India
Authors: Sood Ruchi
Published: December 2020

Asafoetida (Ferula asafoetida) also known as heeng, Devil’s drug, ferula, food of Gods, incense of Devil, stinking gum is an important spice crop belonging to family Apiaceae. It is native to Iran and Afghanistan. Its dried latex (gum oleoresin) is generally used for flavouring curries, sauces, and pickles. Therapeutically, it stimulates the intestinal and respiratory tracts as well as the nervous system. It is beneficial in asthma, whooping cough, and chronic bronchitis. Its essential oil is also used in medicines, food and cosmetic industries. Besides, it is also used as an alternative for pesticides in organic farming. The major constituents of asafoetida are the resin (40–64%), gum (25%) and essential oil (10–17%). The butyl propenyl disulphide is responsible for the aroma of asafoetida. The asaresinotannol is the major constituent present in the resin. It can be grown on unproductive cold deserts of dry temperate areas of Himalayas. It is mainly propagated by seeds. The seeds are sown either in winters or spring. It becomes ready for harvesting after 5 years of planting and yields around 900g per plant. The oleo gum resin and essential oil derived from this plant are sold at premium prices in the international market. The small and marginal farmers of Kinnaur, Lahaul-Spiti and Chamba can benefit from this new emerging crop.
In vitro effect of seed bio-priming techniques on seed germination and seedling vigour of few vegetable crops
Authors: Jaiman Rakesh Kumar , Acharya Sanjay Kumar , P. Pathan Naziya , Deshmukh Amol J. , Desai Haresh A. , Patel Parsva K. , Amin Anilkumar Umedbhai
Published: December 2020

Bio-priming can also be viewed as a new technique of seed treatment using biological agents to stimulate germination of seed and growth of the plant and further protecting the seed from soil-and seed-borne pathogens. The present investigation was carried out in vitro conditions on seed germination and seedling vigour of few vegetable crops viz.  tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.), brinjal (Solanum melongena L.), onion (Allium cepa L.) and chilli (Capsicum annuum L.), during 2015 and 2016. The treatments comprised viz. T1: Non primed seeds (Control), T2: Seed treatment with Carbendazim 2.5g/kg seed, T3: Hydro-priming for 6 hrs, T4: Hydro-priming for 12 hrs, T5: Hydro-priming for 18 hrs, T6: Biopriming with Trichoderma  viride for 6 hrs, T7: Biopriming with T.viride for 12 hrs, T8: Biopriming with T.viride for 18 hrs, T9: Biopriming with Trichoderma harzianum for 6 hrs, T10: Biopriming with T. harzianum for  12 hrs, T11: Biopriming with T. harzianum for 18 hrs, T12: Biopriming with Pseudomonas fluorescens for 6 hrs, T13: Biopriming with P. fluorescens for 12 hrs and T14: Biopriming with P. fluorescens for 18 hrs.  The results revealed that maxiumum germination percentage (92.92, 90.77,83.00 and 86.33), seedling length (32.38 cm, 29.35 cm, 31.75 and 31.60 cm), seedling fresh weight (2.07 g, 4.01 g, 3.05 g and 2.04 g),  seedling dry weight (0.42 g, 0.86 g, 0.62 g and 0.42 g) and seedling vigour index (3008.11, 2664.00, 2635.00 and 2728.00) were recorded in T10 (bio priming with T. harzianum for 12 hrs) in tomato (S. lycopersicum L.), brinjal (S. melongena L.), onion (A. cepa L.) and chilli (C. annuum L.), respectively. Thus, it indicated that priming of seeds of these crops with T. harzianum/P. fluorescens/ T. viride  for 12 hrs was very effective with respect to their vegetative growth along with the quality yield.
Trend of studies on carbon sequestration dynamics in the Himalaya hotspot region: A review
Authors: Tolangay Darshana , Moktan Saurav
Published: December 2020

The present communication deals with the carbon dynamics in the Himalaya hotspot region. The Himalaya, a mountain range shared by Pakistan, India, Nepal, Bhutan and Myanmar, is one of the biologically richest regions in the world that play an important role as source and sink in global carbon cycle. The purpose of this paper was to review and provide available studies related to carbon sequestration in the Himalayas. The carbon in forest is stored in five different pools viz. above-ground biomass, below-ground biomass, litter, deadwood and soil organic carbon. Estimates of biomass, carbon stock and soil organic carbon contents by almost all forest types including agroforestry systems and plantations in the Himalaya hotspot have been documented in this communication. The net rate of carbon sequestrated by forest was reported to be 2.4 ±0.4 Pg C yr-1 on a global scale. The Indian Himalayan Region constitutes about 5.4 billion tonnes of C and sequesters about 65 million tonnes of C yr-1. We analysed more than 135 peer-reviewed journal articles related to biomass and carbon sequestration. The review identifies that the studies estimated 3697.05, 3898.10 and 4235.05 tonnes carbon per hectare for Western, Central and Eastern Himalayan region respectively. The research on the biomass/carbon estimation received attention as early as 1980s, but increased gradually after 2001. These findings would contribute to policy-makers with useful information for mitigation of CO2 emissions.
Loss of seed viability in onion (Allium cepa L.) in relation to degradation of lipids during storage
Authors: Yalamalle Vishwanath Rohidas , Gaikwad Nilesh Nivrutt , Ithape Dinesh Manohar , Kumar Ashok , Gorrepati Kalyani , Singh Major
Published: December 2020

Onion seeds have one of the lowest longevity among the cultivated crops as it loses viability within a year. The unmarketable seeds have no reported food value or feed value. Onion seeds contain considerable oil content which has potential industrial utility. The present study reports the changes in the quality of seed oil extracted from seeds stored for one year (2019-2020), after which the seeds were unmarketable due to low germination. The physico-chemical properties of seed oil were studied in four onion (Allium cepa L.) varieties (Bhima Safed, Bhima Super, Bhima Dark Red and Bhima Shakti) by standard analytical test. The per cent oil content varied from 12.94% - 16.02% and storage resulted in 0.64% loss in seed oil content. The mean seed germination in freshly harvested seeds was 80.50%, which declined to 52.33% after one year of ambient storage. The electrical conductivity, which measures the membrane integrity increased by 108.60% in one-year-old seeds. The physico-chemical properties of the seed oil deteriorated with the age of the seed. In comparison to the control, the acid values and peroxide values of the seed oil increased by 51.11% and 12.90% respectively, while saponification value decreased by 36.18%. Among the varieties, Bhima Dark Red had the highest degradation in the seed storability and vigour, which also had the highest deterioration in the lipid quality. The present study reports for the first time the degradation of seed lipids during ageing in onion which might be contributing to the poor storability of onion seeds.
Application of Electro kinetic technique to remediate fly ash for its sustainable use
Authors: Choudhary Shristi , Srinivas N.
Published: December 2020

Fly ash is a by-product of coal combustion in thermal power plants which is classified as hazardous waste and a serious threat to environment. The study was conducted to determine the potential and examine the efficacy of electro kinetic technique (EKT) using variables like pH, total dissolved solids (TDS), e concentration of chlorides (Cl-), sodium (Na+),magnesium (Mg2+), potassium (K+), ammonia (NH3+) and calcium (Ca2+) on fly ash as a low-cost treatment for enhancing the use of fly ash in a more sustainable manner. The probability of removing heavy metals and chlorides from fly ash suspended in water using electro dialysis was studied as they are highly dependent on pH and conductivity of the fly ash. The voltage gradient and duration indicated significant effect in the change of pH values showing a range from 4.6 to 7.7 at cathode and anode respectively, while the Total dissolves solids (TDS) varying from 72.33±5.6 to 146±5.4 showed the enhanced availability of ions post electro dialysis. In terms of chlorides, Cl- the content was observed to be 265.06 mg/l which was high enough to cause corrosion problems in later stages of reuse of fly ash. The concentration of cations like Na+, K+, NH3+, Mg2+, Ca2+ were observed to be notably influenced by the duration of study and pH in electro dialysis. The experimental results of the study showed that the proposed technique based on the fundamentals of electro kinetics and dialysis could efficiently improve the remediation process which would remove metals by converting them to available form in fly ash.
Effect of integrated nitrogen management through organic and inorganic sources on the yield of rice (Oryza sativa L.) and status of soil fertility at harvest
Authors: Shenoy Harish , M. N. Siddaraju
Published: December 2020

The present investigation was conducted with the objective of utilizing locally available organic resources for substituting chemical fertilizer nitrogen partly and augmenting soil health.  The experiment was carried out for the crop kharif rice (Oryza sativa L.) in coastal Karnataka with eleven treatments laid out in randomized block design with three replications. Vermicompost (VC), Poultry manure (PM) and Fish manure (FM) were used as organic nitrogen sources integrated with mineral nitrogen source of fertilizer urea at substitution ratios of  25, 50 and 100 percent. These treatments were compared with control and recommended dose of nitrogen. The results revealed that the substitution of 50 per cent of nitrogen through VC  recorded significantly (P<0.05) higher plant height  (92.27 cm), higher number of productive tillers (16.85 hill-1), higher grain yield (5434 kg ha-1) and straw yield ( 6817 kg ha-1) compared to control. The results of the soil sample analysis for soil fertility parameters indicated that the major nutrients were significantly (P<0.05) influenced by integrated nitrogen management.  The available nitrogen (382.36 kg ha-1) and available potassium (143.7 kg ha-1) were significantly (P<0.05) higher in the treatment T4 where a recommended dose of nitrogen was substituted by 50 percent VC compared to control (294.05 kg ha-1 and 92.31 kg ha-1 respectively). However, the available soil phosphorus was significantly higher with treatment 50 per cent  RDN substituted by PM  (78.83 kg ha-1) as compared to control (43.93 kg  ha-1).  Thus, integrated resource management improved crop yield and post-harvest soil fertility.
Analisis Kelayakan Penerbitan Obligasi Daerah Provinsi Jawa Tengah untuk Pembangunan Sistem Penyediaan Air Minum dan Kontribusinya Terhadap Pendapatan Daerah
Authors: Sofi Irfan
Published: December 2020

Pemerintah Provinsi Jawa Tengah berencana menerbitkan Obligasi Daerah sebagai alternatif pembiayaan pembangunan karena ruang fiskal yang cenderung menurun 69,34 persen pada tahun 2013 menjadi 46,44 persen di tahun 2017 atau menurun cukup besar yaitu sebesar 22,90 persen. Salah satu kegiatan yang akan dibiayai dari penerbitan Obligasi Daerah adalah Sistem Penyediaan Air Minum (SPAM). Tujuan dari  penulisan ini yaitu  Untuk mengetahui kelayakan Penerbitan Obligasi Daerah Provinsi Jawa Tengah dan untuk mengetahui kontribusi pembangunan SPAM terhadap pendapatan daerah. Metode penulisan yang digunakan dalam penulisan kajian ini merupakan penelitian campuran (mixed method). Berdasarkan hasil kajian diketahui bahwa secara ekonomi penerbitan obligasi untuk pembangunan SPAM telah memenuhi dimana nilai EIRR nilai EIRR diatas nilai kupon yang akan diberikan yaitu 10 persen. Pembangunan SPAM juga akan dapat berkontribusi pada Pendapatan Asli Daerah yang bersumber dari deviden Perusahaan Daerah Air Baku. Namun demikian terdapat sedikit kendala terkait ijin prinsip dari pihak legislatif sehingga perlu adanya effort untuk lebih banyak komunikasi dan sosialisasi.