bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Locating the value and opportunities for online collaborative creativity within advertising
Authors: Sykes Janine
Published: December 2013

Advertising art directors and copywriters have worked in teams, concurrent with workshop pedagogy becoming orthodox in the UK art school. Advertising creatives now often work in larger teams using social media. The e-studio and Online Collaborative Creativity (OCC) appear as descendents of workshop pedagogy, with claims that these practices increase innovation and motivation. This article explores such assertions in an investigation that takes place within a creative advertising degree course, where teams work online while competing on a live brief. What could be the value and opportunities of introducing OCC to a traditional studio? To what extent should OCC be implemented in the curriculum? This article tackles these questions and shares findings of a contextualist and quasi-experimental approach to an analysis of OCC. In doing so, it argues for studio pedagogy to be re-aligned with a different collaborative model as a means to prepare graduates for industry.
‘Styling’ teenage private space: Identity, fashion and consumption in girls’ bedrooms
Authors: Lincoln Siân
Published: December 2013

Drawing on the example of the teenage girl and her bedroom, in this article I argue that personal and private spaces such as bedrooms are not just ‘hubs’ of social and cultural activity but are important sites within which teenage girls’ social and cultural identities are continually ‘styled’ and represented. As a key space of expression, identity and consumption for girls experiencing their teenage years, I examine the concept of ‘styling’ in teenage girls’ bedrooms as an ongoing process of identity formation and experimentation. In doing this, I explore the interplay between the public and private realm in the styling of personal spaces, whereby teenage girls’ practices of identity flow between the two, can intertwine and are inextricably mapped onto one another. In exploring the relationship between teenage girls, consumption and identity, and specifically focusing on the role of ‘space’ in this relationship, I take the example of fashion stores such as Topshop and Urban Outfitters to explore the ways in which elements of public spaces of teen consumption are ‘taken home’ to be recreated and rearticulated back in the bedroom as a stylistic statement about a teenage girl’s identity. In doing this, I argue that teenage bedrooms are important sites of contemporary youth identity construction and display and that teenage girls’ emerging adult identities and patterns of consumption are articulated through the ‘fabric’ of bedroom space.
Contemplating in a dream-like room: The Virgin Suicides and the aesthetic imagination of girlhood
Authors: Monden Masafumi
Published: December 2013

Sofia Coppola’s film The Virgin Suicides (1999) can be viewed as visualizing the (re)negotiation process of the twinned aspects of girlish ‘autonomy’ and ‘restriction’. Although the film’s references to more established images of girlhood are observable, its vague, narrative neutrality, supported by cinematic aesthetics with a dreamy and melancholic effect, leaves their meanings largely unexplained. Connected to our contemporary ideas about adolescence, femininity is generally linked to either pathological fragility or emphasized sexual assertiveness. I question the legitimacy of these binaries and instead read The Virgin Suicides as a depiction of female complexity where the subtle complexity of the heroines contradicts these stereotypes. Instead of situating on either polar of extreme assertiveness and fragility, Coppola presents her conception of adolescent girls as floating between these two. The film’s ethereal and maidenly aesthetics conveyed through the visual qualities of the Lisbon Sisters, including the dresses they wear, effectively layer the girls’ sense of autonomy and sexual maturity, signifying the negotiation of idealizing, suppressing and empowering adolescent girls. The tragic fate of the girls, on the other hand, limits the film’s capacity to offer an alternative to the monolithic idea of adolescent ‘girlhood’ and how it is visualized in our contemporary culture.
‘You’re just some bitch who broke my heart and cut up my mom’s wedding dress’: Reading the wedding dress in Hollywood’s romantic comedies
Authors: Jenkins Claire
Published: December 2013

In a number of recent romantic comedies including 27 Dresses (Fletcher, 2008) and Bride Wars (Winick, 2009) the wedding dress takes on a particular significance as the daughter desires to wear her mother’s wedding gown on her own big day. This article explores the dress within these films, amongst others, demonstrating, with reference to a discussion of consumption, gender roles and psychoanalytic frameworks, that a complex debate around femininity, inheritance, love and consumption is presented. The mother’s dress is an effective totem object that must be overcome by the daughter, who never wears it, in order to forge her own identity. This renders feminine inheritance unimportant and offers a false notion of personal identity to its heroines. The discussion of the wedding dress is extended to include the tension between the vintage and designer wedding dress in Sex and the City (King, 2008) a film in which the vintage dress is celebrated, potentially representing a more balanced and forward-thinking notion of marriage and womanhood.
Internationalizing and localizing: Shaping community music in Germany
Authors: Kertz-Welzel Alexandra
Published: December 2013

While community music is an internationally successful concept, and community musicians have been facilitating music learning worldwide for many years, community music is still almost unknown in Germany. This is rather surprising, because there are groups and activities in Germany, which (according to the international understanding) would qualify as community music. The concept of music for everyone, without relying on notions of talent or social class, as an activity that facilitates personal and group development, has also been known in Germany. Because music education in German schools is in a crisis, with music educators and scholars searching for new concepts and practices, it seems to be the right time now to introduce community music into the German music education discourse and practice. Community music offers solutions to some of the challenges of today’s music education classes in German schools, such as inclusion, participation, heterogeneity, connections between music education inside and outside of schools, or supporting students with special needs. The German example also raises the issue of internationalization and localization in music education, one of the most important challenges in times of globalization.
Creative learning and communities of practice: Perspectives for music education in the school
Authors: Beineke Viviane
Published: December 2013

This article discusses processes and practices of creative learning in musical education in schools, reflecting on the contributions of this approach to the construction of communities of musical practice in the classroom. The discussion is based on a case study carried out in a primary school in Porto Alegre, in southern Brazil. In this study, the creative learning is triggered in group-composition activities, through collective musical presentation and criticism of the students’ productions. The music teacher created the conditions needed to establish an environment of social relations that favours the construction of a community of musical practice in the classroom. Over time, these forms of social participation configure an engaged and committed community of musical practice, sharing ways of making and thinking about music. Detailing this proposition, the role of the composition activities, presentation and critical in the articulating process between the dimensions of creative learning are analysed, considering the children’s perspective and the teacher’s role in this process, reflecting on opportunities for teaching music in schools.
The Shelter Concert Series: Reflections on homelessness and service learning
Authors: Knapp David
Published: December 2013

The Shelter Concert Series was a service-learning project conducted in coordination with a university-music programme and a shelter for individuals experiencing homelessness. Students performed weekly concerts, including a jazz band, steel band, clarinet duet, old time ensemble, acoustic guitarist, rhythm and blues band and a classical vocalist. This article offers a reflective account of practice based on qualitative research. Questionnaire, interview and observation data indicated Shelter clients enjoyed the concerts and were appreciative of the students’ performances. Students reported an increase in positive attitudes towards individuals experiencing homelessness, and a desire to participate more often in service learning. Shelter staff believed the concerts led to a more positive atmosphere for the clients. Implications for service learning and music education, especially with individuals experiencing homelessness, are discussed.
Sobre la naturaleza gradual de los modos de acción del verbo: prototipos y polisemia en el cálculo aspectual
Authors: Coll Florit Marta
Published: December 2013

Este trabajo investiga la interacción entre el léxico y la sintaxis en el cálculo de las interpretaciones aspectuales. Se presenta la hipótesis según la cual los verbos imponen diferentes pesos léxicos o grados de prototipicidad en el cálculo aspectual de la oración, de manera que los verbos que comparten el mismo modo de acción no necesariamente presentan las mismas posibilidades de coerción aspectual. En particular, mostraremos que los verbos se pueden clasificar en tres grandes grupos, en función de su grado de restricción aspectual: verbos monosémicos estables, verbos monosémicos flexibles y verbos polisémicos, una tipología que se refleja en diferentes grados de estabilidad sintáctica, semántica y morfológica.
¿Cómo se da la descomposición morfológica en el procesamiento léxico? Una cuestión de etapas
Authors: Sánchez Gutiérrez Claudia
Published: December 2013

Las teorías que proponen una etapa de descomposición en morfemas en el camino desde la visualización de la palabra hasta el acceso a su entrada léxica correspondiente en el lexicón pueden adoptar dos posturas. Por un lado, las teorías supra-léxicas defienden que dicha etapa se presenta una vez conseguido el acceso al significado de la palabra. Las teorías pre-léxicas, por su parte, muestran la postura contraria, según la cual la descomposición morfémica se daría de modo automático, sin influjo alguno de la semántica. Otra opción es aquella adoptada por Schreuder y Baayen (1995) y Longtin y Meunier (2007), quienes proponen un doble influjo de los factores morfológicos, tanto en la etapa pre-léxica como en la supra-léxica. Sin embargo, ambos modelos difieren en el número de etapas que proponen (tres y dos respectivamente). Este trabajo pretende solucionar dicha oposición mediante el diseño de un experimento de decisión léxica en el que se presentaron palabras españolas (aceptación), pseudopalabras posibles (aceptamiento) y pseudopalabras imposibles (aceptaz). Los resultados parecen indicar hacia un favorecimiento de un modelo en dos etapas, en el caso de las palabras almacenadas en el lexicón, y en tres cuando se trata de estímulos novedosos.
Degenerate neckpinches in Ricci flow
Authors: Angenent Sigurd B. , Isenberg James , Knopf Dan
Published: December 2013

In earlier work [Nonlinearity 24 (2011), 2265–2280], we derived formal matched asymptotic
profiles for families of Ricci flow solutions developing Type-II
degenerate neckpinches. In the present work, we prove that there
do exist Ricci flow solutions that develop singularities modeled on
each such profile. In particular, we show that for each positive
integer k ≥ 3, there exist compact solutions in all dimensions
m ≥ 3 that become singular at the rate

(
T
-
t
)

-
2
+
2
/
k

$(T-t)^{-2+2/k}$

.
Acardiacus acephalus twinning associated with exomphalos major, high impeforate anus and hypospadias
Authors: Godse Alok , Hosie Gareth
Published: December 2013

We describe a case report of acardiacus acephalus twinning associated with exomphalos major in both twins. One twin survived, who in addition had an anorectal anomaly and hypospadias. This is the first reported description of this combination of anomalies.
Drug metabolising enzyme polymorphisms in Middle- and Eastern-European Slavic populations
Authors: Hubacek Jaroslav A.
Published: December 2013

Inter-individual differences in genes for drug metabolising enzymes and drug transporters are important for understanding efficacy in drug therapy. These differences are important both for the timely estimation of the dosage that should be prescribed to a patient and for the detection of individuals who are prone to side effects from the drug at normal doses. This review summarises the literature concerning the gene variants within nine major drug metabolising enzymes and drug transporters (i.e., CYP1A2, CYP2A6, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, CYP2E1, CYP3A4, CYP3A5, and MDR-1) in the Middle European region. Notably, published data are not extensive, and most studies were performed on relatively low numbers of individuals. No country has a complete coverage of all genes. Two variants (C2677T/A and C3435T) within the multidrug resistance-1 (MDR-1) gene and variants within the CYP2C9 gene were analysed within most Slavic populations. Nevertheless, even from this incomplete coverage (where unexpectedly high variability was at times seen both between and within populations), it could be extrapolated that the variants within the drug metabolising enzyme genes are present in roughly the same frequencies as in neighbouring countries.
Is Your Digital Identity Property?This article was written when Dr Sullivan was Visiting Fulbright Scholar at the Law School, George Washington University in Washington DC.
Authors: Sullivan Clare
Published: December 2013

As dealings previously conducted in person are replaced by dealings without personal interaction and without any history of personal acquaintance, digital identity is assuming a crucial role in transactions, most recently those between government and its citizens. This paper examines digital identity as an emergent legal concept with a focus on its legal nature as a new form of intangible property. The constitution and functions of digital identity are examined, particularly in relation to the small collection of digital information which is now typically required for transactions with government departments and agencies as part of the transition to e-government. The author considers whether this transaction identity has the legal characteristics of property and the repercussions, including recognition and protection of ownership rights under public law. The paper adopts a comparative approach in considering these issues. Because of their obvious similarities, recent developments in United States of America in relation to use of digital identity for transactions are compared to Australia which has also recently formally announced its move to digital citizenship. However, although the paper focusses on the US and Australia, the analysis and findings are relevant to other jurisdictions, especially those in Europe and Asia which are now using a concept of digital identity for transactions between government and citizens and indeed also for private sector transactions. The analysis essentially translates to civil law countries as well as those which have a common law legal system.
A Tweaking Principle for Executive Control: Neuronal Circuit Mechanism for Rule-Based Task Switching and Conflict Resolution
Authors: Ardid Salva , Wang Xiao-Jing
Published: December 2013

A hallmark of executive control is the brain's agility to shift between different tasks depending on the behavioral rule currently in play. In this work, we propose a “tweaking hypothesis” for task switching: a weak rule signal provides a small bias that is dramatically amplified by reverberating attractor dynamics in neural circuits for stimulus categorization and action selection, leading to an all-or-none reconfiguration of sensory-motor mapping. Based on this principle, we developed a biologically realistic model with multiple modules for task switching. We found that the model quantitatively accounts for complex task switching behavior: switch cost, congruency effect, and task-response interaction; as well as monkey's single-neuron activity associated with task switching. The model yields several testable predictions, in particular, that category-selective neurons play a key role in resolving sensory-motor conflict. This work represents a neural circuit model for task switching and sheds insights in the brain mechanism of a fundamental cognitive capability.
Mechanisms of Transthyretin Inhibition of β-Amyloid AggregationIn Vitro
Authors: Li Xinyi , Zhang Xin , Ladiwala Ali Reza A. , Du Deguo , Yadav Jay K. , Tessier Peter M. , Wright Peter E. , Kelly Jeffery W. , Buxbaum Joel N.
Published: December 2013

Tissue-specific overexpression of the human systemic amyloid precursor transthyretin (TTR) ameliorates Alzheimer's disease (AD) phenotypes in APP23 mice. TTR–β-amyloid (Aβ) complexes have been isolated from APP23 and some human AD brains. We now show that substoichiometric concentrations of TTR tetramers suppress Aβ aggregationin vitrovia an interaction between the thyroxine binding pocket of the TTR tetramer and Aβ residues 18–21 (nuclear magnetic resonance and epitope mapping). TheKDis micromolar, and the stoichiometry is <1 for the interaction (isothermal titration calorimetry). Similar experiments show that engineered monomeric TTR, the best inhibitor of Aβ fibril formationin vitro, did not bind Aβ monomers in liquid phase, suggesting that inhibition of fibrillogenesis is mediated by TTR tetramer binding to Aβ monomer and both tetramer and monomer binding of Aβ oligomers. The thousand-fold greater concentration of tetramer relative to monomerin vivomakes it the likely suppressor of Aβ aggregation and disease in the APP23 mice.
Target-Specific Effects of Somatostatin-Expressing Interneurons on Neocortical Visual Processing
Authors: Cottam James C. H. , Smith Spencer L. , Häusser Michael
Published: December 2013

A diverse array of interneuron types regulates activity in the mammalian neocortex. Two of the most abundant are the fast-spiking, parvalbumin-positive (PV+) interneurons, which target the axosomatic region of pyramidal cells, and the somatostatin-positive (SOM+) interneurons, which target the dendrites. Recent work has focused on the influence of PV+and SOM+interneurons on pyramidal cells. However, the connections among PV+and SOM+interneurons are poorly understood and could play an important role in cortical circuitry, since their interactions may alter the net influence on pyramidal cell output. We used an optogenetic approach to investigate the effect of SOM+interneurons on pyramidal cells and PV+interneurons during visual stimulation in mouse primary visual cortex. We find that SOM+interneuron activation suppresses PV+cell spiking at least twice as potently as pyramidal cell spiking during visual stimulation. This differential effect of SOM+cell stimulation is detectable even when only two to three SOM+cells are activated. Importantly, the remaining responses to oriented gratings in PV+cells are more orientation tuned and temporally modulated, suggesting that SOM+activity unmasks this tuning by suppressing untuned input. Our results highlight the importance of SOM+inhibition of PV+interneurons during sensory processing. This prominent competitive inhibition between interneuron types leads to a reconfiguration of inhibition along the somatodendritic axis of pyramidal cells, and enhances the orientation selectivity of PV+cells.
Motor Skill Learning Induces Changes in White Matter Microstructure and Myelination
Authors: Sampaio-Baptista Cassandra , Khrapitchev Alexandre A. , Foxley Sean , Schlagheck Theresa , Scholz Jan , Jbabdi Saad , DeLuca Gabriele C. , Miller Karla L. , Taylor Amy , Thomas Nagheme , Kleim Jeffrey , Sibson Nicola R. , Bannerman David , Johansen-Berg Heidi
Published: December 2013

Learning a novel motor skill is associated with well characterized structural and functional plasticity in the rodent motor cortex. Furthermore, neuroimaging studies of visuomotor learning in humans have suggested that structural plasticity can occur in white matter (WM), but the biological basis for such changes is unclear. We assessed the influence of motor skill learning on WM structure within sensorimotor cortex using both diffusion MRI fractional anisotropy (FA) and quantitative immunohistochemistry. Seventy-two adult (male) rats were randomly assigned to one of three conditions (skilled reaching, unskilled reaching, and caged control). After 11 d of training, postmortem diffusion MRI revealed significantly higher FA in the skilled reaching group compared with the control groups, specifically in the WM subjacent to the sensorimotor cortex contralateral to the trained limb. In addition, within the skilled reaching group, FA across widespread regions of WM in the contralateral hemisphere correlated significantly with learning rate. Immunohistological analysis conducted on a subset of 24 animals (eight per group) revealed significantly increased myelin staining in the WM underlying motor cortex in the hemisphere contralateral (but not ipsilateral) to the trained limb for the skilled learning group versus the control groups. Within the trained hemisphere (but not the untrained hemisphere), myelin staining density correlated significantly with learning rate. Our results suggest that learning a novel motor skill induces structural change in task-relevant WM pathways and that these changes may in part reflect learning-related increases in myelination.
Motor Axon Regeneration and Muscle Reinnervation in Young Adult and Aged Animals
Authors: Kang Hyuno , Lichtman Jeff W.
Published: December 2013

Injuries to peripheral nerves can cause paralysis and sensory disturbances, but such functional impairments are often short lived because of efficient regeneration of damaged axons. The time required for functional recovery, however, increases with advancing age (Verdú et al., 2000; Kawabuchi et al., 2011). Incomplete or delayed recovery after peripheral nerve damage is a major health concern in the aging population because it can severely restrict a person's mobility and independence. A variety of possible causes have been suggested to explain why nervous systems in aged individuals recover more slowly from nerve damage. Potential causes include age-related declines in the regenerative potential of peripheral axons and decreases in the supply or responsivity to trophic and/or tropic factors. However, there have been few direct analyses of age-related axon regeneration. Our aim here was to observe axons directly in young and old mice as they regenerate and ultimately reoccupy denervated neuromuscular synaptic sites to learn what changes in this process are age related. We find that damaged nerves in aged animals clear debris more slowly than nerves in young animals and that the greater number of obstructions regenerating axons encounter in the endoneurial tubes of old animals give rise to slower regeneration. Surprisingly, however, axons from aged animals regenerate quickly when not confronted by debris and reoccupy neuromuscular junction sites efficiently. These results imply that facilitating clearance of axon debris might be a good target for the treatment of nerve injury in the aged.
Glucagon-like peptide-1: effect on pro-atrial natriuretic peptide in healthy males
Authors: Skov Jeppe , Holst Jens Juul , Gøtze Jens Peter , Frøkiær Jørgen , Christiansen Jens Sandahl
Published: December 2013

The antihypertensive actions of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP1) receptor agonists have been linked to the release of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) in mice. Whether a GLP1–ANP axis exists in humans is unknown. In this study, we examined 12 healthy young males in a randomized, controlled, double-blinded, single-day, cross-over study to evaluate the effects of a 2-h native GLP1 infusion. Plasma proANP concentrations were measured by an automated mid-region-directed proANP immunoassay and N-terminal pro B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) on Roche Modular E170. Urine was collected for measurements of sodium excretion. Although GLP1 infusion increased the urinary sodium excretion markedly, there were no significant changes in either proANP or proBNP concentrations. When GLP1 infusion was stopped, sodium excretion declined rapidly. As proANP concentration reflects ANP secretion, our data could not confirm the existence of a GLP1–ANP axis in humans. Especially, the natriuretic effects of GLP1 seem unlikely to be mediated exclusively via ANP.
Effect of i.p. insulin administration on IGF1 and IGFBP1 in type 1 diabetes
Authors: van Dijk P R , Logtenberg S J J , Groenier K H , Kleefstra N , Bilo H J G , Arnqvist H J
Published: December 2013

In type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), low concentrations of IGF1 and high concentrations of IGF-binding protein 1 (IGFBP1) have been reported. It has been suggested that these abnormalities in the GH–IGF1 axis are due to low insulin concentrations in the portal vein. We hypothesized that the i.p. route of insulin administration increases IGF1 concentrations when compared with the s.c. route of insulin administration. IGF1 and IGFBP1 concentrations in samples derived from an open-label, randomized cross-over trial comparing the effects of s.c. and i.p. insulin delivery on glycaemia were determined. T1DM patients were randomized to receive either 6 months of continuous i.p. insulin infusion (CIPII) through an implantable pump (MIP 2007C, Medtronic) followed by 6 months of s.c. insulin infusion or vice versa with a washout phase in between. Data from 16 patients who had complete measurements during both treatment phases were analysed. The change in IGF1 concentrations during CIPII treatment was 10.4 μg/l (95% CI −0.94, 21.7 μg/l; P=0.06) and during s.c. insulin treatment was −2.2 μg/l (95% CI −13.5, 9.2 μg/l; P=0.69). When taking the effect of treatment order into account, the estimated change in IGF1 concentrations was found to be 12.6 μg/l (95% CI −3.1, 28.5 μg/l; P=0.11) with CIPII treatment compared with that with s.c. insulin treatment. IGFBP1 concentrations decreased to −100.7 μg/l (95% CI −143.0, −58.3 μg/l; P<0.01) with CIPII treatment. During CIPII treatment, parts of the GH–IGF1 axis changed compared with that observed during s.c. insulin treatment. This supports the hypothesis that the i.p. route of insulin administration is of importance in the IGF1 system.
Importância dos instintos sexuais em Psicopatologia
Authors: Uchôa Darcy M.
Published: December 2013

O autor analisa a contribuição da teoria da libido, postulada por Freud, para o esclarecimento de certos problemas básicos da psicopatologia. Refere-se aos trabalhos fundamentais sôbre os instintos sexuais na primeira fase do movimento psicanalítico, sobretudo às contribuições pioneiras de Freud e Abraham. Após mencionar o movimento dissidente de Adler e Jung, passa a estudar a contribuição dos neopsicanalistas de orientação culturalista (Horney, Fromm, Kardiner, Sullivan), comentando seu ponto de vista fundamental: a predominância dos fatôres socioculturais e desvalorização do "biológico" na personalidade normal como na mórbida, sobretudo no âmbito da psicologia social e na moderna antropologia cultural. O autor procura analisar problemas tão complexos em têrmos de convergência e não como oposições rígidas entre o biológico e o sociocultural, admitindo que o aspecto instintivo da personalidade tem grande importância mas não esgota os problemas psicodinâmicos extremamente complexos da personalidade total.
Aspectos electrencefalográficos das espículas positivas a 14 e 6 por segundo
Authors: Albernaz José Geraldo
Published: December 2013

As chamadas espículas positivas a 14 e 6 ciclos por segundo, descritas e correlacionadas por Gibbs e Gibbs em 1951, não têm sido referidas em vários trabalhos electrencefalográficos. Essa omissão talvez decorra do fato de que os métodos de exame usados por muitos electrencefalografistas não oferecem condições favoráveis para o reconhecimento desses complexos de espículas positivas a 14 e 6 ciclos por segundo. O autor descreve os métodos que vem empregando, tecendo considerações sôbre os vários fatôres que lhe permitiram reconhecer nítidamente êsses complexos em 12% dos traçados feitos em seu Serviço. Salienta que essa anormalidade se apresenta com mais evidência quando se usam orelhas opostas como referência, na chamada técnica monopolar, em uma ou outra fase de sonolência ou sono. Mostra a baixíssima incidência nos traçados obtidos em vigília e as razões de seu difícil reconhecimento, mesmo no traçado de sono, quando a técnica chamada bipolar é a única utilizada. O trabalho é documentado com 14 ilustrações.
Três caminhos para a democracia radical
Authors: Chatterjee Partha
Published: December 2013

O artigo consiste em uma análise da experiência da democracia indiana, que remonta às tentativas de torná-la mais democrática. Para tal empenho, divide a questão em três níveis temáticos: a luta armada (a presença da guerrilha maoista na Índia Central), a primazia da esfera cívica sobre a política e a dominância da esfera política sobre a legal. Todos se mostrarão incapazes de radicalizar a democracia indiana. A principal questão sublinhada no artigo repousa no fato de que as três tentativas acabam por propor, de modos distintos, a negação da política e, no limite, da própria democracia, duramente conquistada na Índia em sua revolução da independência de 1947. Ao mesmo tempo, chama a atenção para dois aspectos fundamentais. De um lado, possui bases reais a generalizada descrença dos cidadãos na capacidade do Estado de equacionar e encaminhar soluções sobre os graves problemas econômicos, políticos, sociais, éticos, que afetam a maioria da população da Índia. De outro, somente a retomada da política democrática restauraria os elos perdidos da revolução nacional.
Comparação do percentual de gordura obtido por bioimpedância, ultrassom e dobras cutâneas em adultos jovens
Authors: Neves Eduardo Borba , Ripka Wagner Luis , Ulbricht Leandra , Stadnik Adriana Maria Wan
Published: December 2013

OBJETIVO: Comparar o ultrassom (US) portátil e a bioimpedância elétrica (BIA) com as dobras cutâneas (DC) para estimar o percentual de gordura corporal em adultos. MÉTODOS: Foram avaliadas 195 militares, sexo masculino, sendo coletados: peso, estatura, percentual de gordura por bioimpedância, dobras cutâneas e ultrassom (US) em nove pontos (tríceps, subescapular, bíceps, peitoral, médio axilar, abdominal, suprailíaca, coxa e panturrilha). Além da estatística descritiva, foram utilizados gráficos de dispersão, o teste Kolmogorov-Smirnov, coeficiente de correlação π (rho) de Spearman, o Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test e a regressão linear para a elaboração de uma nova equação para a estimativa do percentual de gordura corporal em adultos jovens (do sexo masculino). RESULTADOS: O grupo apresentou idade média de 23,07 ± 7,55 anos, para peso e estatura os valores da média e desvio padrão foram: 72,65 ± 10,40 kg; 1,74 ± 0,06 metros, respectivamente. Comparando os resultados entre US e DC, verificaram-se correlações significativas para todos os pontos avaliados, sendo a prega da coxa a com maior correlação, seguida pelo peitoral. Comparando-se os três métodos, o US apresentou melhor correlação com a BIA do que com as DC. Pode-se propor uma nova equação de estimativa do percentual de gordura por US, que apresentou uma melhor correlação com o método das DC do que aquela utilizada pelo próprio equipamento. CONCLUSÃO: Foi possível verificar que na população estudada o US e a BIA podem estimar o percentual de gordura corporal com boas correlações com o método da DC.
Medida da velocidade de condução nervosa motora em praticantes de três diferentes modalidades esportivas
Authors: Borges Luís Paulo Nogueira Cabral , Leitão Wilson Cesar de Vasconcelos , Ferreira Jaílson Oliveira , Carvalho Luis Carlos
Published: December 2013

INTRODUÇÃO: Estudos da condução nervosa têm sido focados para o público em geral, porém não para atletas, havendo carência de informações sobre medidas da velocidade de condução nervosa motora (VCNM) em indivíduos treinados, especialmente quando diferentes esportes são comparados. OBJETIVO: Medir a VCNM do nervo mediano e fibular comum, em três grupos de modalidades esportivas. Métodos: Foram analisados: um grupo de meio-fundistas (Gmf, n = 6), um grupo de velocistas (Gvel, n = 4) e um grupo de jogadores de handebol (Ghan, n = 5) e comparados com um grupo controle (Gcon, n = 9). Cada voluntário foi submetido a um único exame, no qual foram obtidos os dados para calcular a VCNM dos membros inferiores do Gmf e do Gvel, dos membros superiores do Ghan, e membros superiores e inferiores do Gcon. Os dados da pesquisa apresentaram distribuição normal e variâncias homogêneas, assim, utilizamos o teste t de Student para amostras independentes na comparação das médias da VCNM dos grupos de atletas com as do Gcon e as do Gvel com as do Gmf (comparações intergrupo). O teste t pareado foi usado para comparar as médias da VCNM entre membro dominante (Md) e membro não dominante (Mnd) (comparações intragrupo). RESULTADOS: Na análise intergrupo foram encontradas diferenças significativas nas comparações entre o Gvel e o Gcon e entre o Gmf e o Gcon (diferença apenas nas comparações entre os Md's). Por outro lado, a análise intragrupo, exibiu diferença significativa apenas nas comparações entre Md e Mnd do Ghan. CONCLUSÃO: O estudo sugere que a VCNM é beneficiada pelo esforço físico, principalmente em esportes com uso predominante dos membros inferiores, e que a maior utilização de um membro superior sobre outro pode levar a diferença significativa nos valores da VCNM do Md e Mnd.
Efeito do treinamento concorrente e destreinamento sobre o biomarcador anti-inflamatório e níveis de condicionamento físico em crianças obesas
Authors: Fazelifar Saeid , Ebrahim Khosrow , Sarkisian Vaghinak
Published: December 2013

OBJETIVO: Examinar o efeito de 12 semanas de (3 dias/sem) de treinamento concorrente e 4 semanas de destreinamento nas concentrações séricas de adiponectina e níveis de condicionamento físico em meninos obesos sem intervenção dietética. MÉTODOS: vinte e quatro meninos saudáveis, 11-13 anos de idade com índice de massa corporal > 28 participaram voluntariamente do estudo. Estes foram divididos em dois grupos, experimental (n= 12) e controle (n=12). RESULTADOS: Concentrações de adiponectina após 12 semanas tiveram declínio significativo em ambos os grupos em comparação com o nível basal (p < 0,05). VO2 pico, flexibilidade, força, endurance de abdominais e agilidade aumentaram significativamente no grupo experimental comparado com o grupo controle (p < 0.05). Foi evidenciado que após destreinamento de 4 semanas, a adiponectina sérica não se alterou significativamente no grupo experimental e que condicionamento físico benéfico foi gradualmente diminuído. CONCLUSÃO: Nossos resultados sugerem que os efeitos benéficos do exercício físico no condicionamento são temporários. Uma vez que o processo de adaptação é reversível, parece que as concentrações de adiponectina foram inevitavelmente afetadas pelas alterações morfológicas e hormonais que ocorreram durante a puberdade em meninos.
Confiabilidade entre sessões de avaliação de equilíbrio com TOBtrainerMR
Authors: Mauricio Claudio Oyarzo , Rungue Mercedes Schmitt , Larraguibel Roberto , Ortega Daniel Rojano , Berral de la Rosa Francisco José
Published: December 2013

INTRODUÇÃO: Um novo dispositivo para a avaliação e equilíbrio dinâmico de formação, o TOBtrainerMR, foi recentemente desenvolvido. OBJETIVO: Avaliar a confiabilidade entre sessões de avaliação de equilíbrio usando o TOBtrainerMR. O estudo também tem a finalidade de dar contagens de erro para que verdadeiras mudanças no desempenho possam ser identificadas. MÉTODOS: Trinta indivíduos sedentários saudáveis (nove homens, 21 mulheres com idade de 27,9 ± 2,9 anos) participaram deste estudo. O TOBtrainerMR foi usado para avaliar o equilíbrio no plano medial-lateral com os olhos abertos (MLOA) e com os olhos fechados (MLOF) e no plano anteroposterior com os olhos abertos (APOA) e com os olhos fechados (APOF). Os indivíduos foram instruídos para estar em posição ereta com braços ao longo do corpo e mãos lateralmente tentando manter a estabilidade da plataforma. Todos os dados foram registrados com o software TOBT. RESULTADOS: As amostras foram relacionadas, testes t avaliados, efeitos de aprendizagem e coeficientes de correlação intracIasse avaliados na sua confiabilidade. Erros padrão de medição e menores diferenças detectáveis foram calculadas para avaliar o erro de medição. Não foram encontradas diferenças significativas de medição entre a primeira e a segunda sessão. Os coeficientes de correlação intraclasse, os erros padrão de medição e as menores diferenças detectáveis para as quatro modalidades medidas variavam de 0,71 0,83, 0,32º a 0,80º e 0,90º a 2,22º, respectivamente. CONCLUSÕES: A confiabilidade entre sessões para avaliação de equilíbrio utilizando o TOBtrainerMR foi boa. Futuros investigadores têm agora dados de referência para avaliar se as diferenças de duas diferentes pontuações são reais ou se devem ao erro de medição e que mudanças são necessárias na pontuação do sujeito para se ter certeza de que ocorreu uma mudança real.
Náuseas, vômitos e qualidade de vida de mulheres com câncer de mama em tratamento quimioterápico
Authors: Gozzo Thais de Oliveira , Moysés Aline Maria Bonini , Silva Pamina Roberta da , Almeida Ana Maria de
Published: December 2013

Objetivou-se avaliar a qualidade de vida (QV) de mulheres com câncer de mama em tratamento quimioterápico e identificar a ocorrência de náuseas e vômitos durante o tratamento. Os dados foram coletados com a aplicação do instrumento da Organização Europeia de Pesquisa e Tratamento de Câncer, EORTC-QLQ-C30, na versão em português, bem como do módulo para câncer de mama BR-23, aplicados antes, no meio e ao final do tratamento. Das 79 mulheres incluídas, 93% apresentaram náuseas e 87% vômitos pelo menos uma vez durante o tratamento. A QV apresentou pequena diminuição durante o tratamento. O coeficiente alfa de Cronbach para cada aplicação dos questionários foi de 0,890492, 0,936392 e de 0,937639. A disponibilidade de informações sobre o tratamento e de orientações quanto ao manejo da náusea e do vômito é crucial para o gerenciamento adequado das toxicidades da quimioterapia.
Advancing Cervical Cancer Prevention in India: Implementation Science Priorities
Authors: Krishnan Suneeta , Madsen Emily , Porterfield Deborah , Varghese Beena
Published: December 2013

Cervical cancer is the leading cause of cancer mortality in India, accounting for 17% of all cancer deaths among women aged 30 to 69 years. At current incidence rates, the annual burden of new cases in India is projected to increase to 225,000 by 2025, but there are few large-scale, organized cervical cancer prevention programs in the country. We conducted a review of the cervical cancer prevention research literature and programmatic experiences in India to summarize the current state of knowledge and practices and recommend research priorities to address the gap in services. We found that research and programs in India have demonstrated the feasibility and acceptability of cervical cancer prevention efforts and that screening strategies requiring minimal additional human resources and laboratory infrastructure can reduce morbidity and mortality. However, additional evidence generated through implementation science research is needed to ensure that cervical cancer prevention efforts have the desired impact and are cost-effective. Specifically, implementation science research is needed to understand individual- and community-level barriers to screening and diagnostic and treatment services; to improve health care worker performance; to strengthen links among screening, diagnosis, and treatment; and to determine optimal program design, outcomes, and costs. With a quarter of the global burden of cervical cancer in India, there is no better time than now to translate research findings to practice. Implementation science can help ensure that investments in cervical cancer prevention and control result in the greatest impact.
Breast Cancer in Young Women in Latin America: An Unmet, Growing Burden
Authors: Villarreal-Garza Cynthia , Aguila Christian , Magallanes-Hoyos Maria C. , Mohar Alejandro , Bargalló Enrique , Meneses Abelardo , Cazap Eduardo , Gomez Henry , López-Carrillo Lizbeth , Chávarri-Guerra Yanin , Murillo Raúl , Barrios Carlos
Published: December 2013

Background.

Breast cancer (BC) is the leading cause of malignancy-related deaths among women aged ≤45 years. There are unexplored and uncertain issues for BC in this particular group in Latin America. The aim of this study is to evaluate BC incidence and mortality among young women and related clinicopathological and survivorship aspects in this region.

Materials and Methods.

Data were obtained from Globocan 2008 and the International Agency for Research on Cancer's Cancer Incidence in Five Continents series plus databases. We requested collaboration from the 12 different national cancer institutes in Latin America through SLACOM, the Latin American and Caribbean Society of Medical Oncology, and conducted a systematic literature review to obtain local data regarding the prevalence of BC among young women and their characteristics, outcomes, and survivorship-related issues.

Results.

BC incidence and mortality proportions for Latin American women aged <44 years were higher when compared with those of developed countries (20% vs. 12% and 14% vs. 7%, respectively). We found only a few Latin American series addressing this topic, and prevalence varied between 8% and 14%. Stage II and III disease, high histological grade, and triple-negative and HER2 BC were features frequently observed among young Latin American BC patients.

Conclusion.

The rising incidence and mortality of BC in young Latin American women is a call to action in the region. It is necessary to monitor the epidemiological and clinical data through reliable cancer registries and to consider the implementation of protocols for education of patients and health professionals. This unmet, growing burden must be considered as a top priority of the national programs in the fight against BC, and models of specialized units should be implemented for this particular group of patients to provide better care for this emergent challenge.
Screen-and-Treat Approach to Cervical Cancer Prevention Using Visual Inspection With Acetic Acid and Cryotherapy: Experiences, Perceptions, and Beliefs From Demonstration Projects in Peru, Uganda, and Vietnam
Authors: Paul Proma , Winkler Jennifer L. , Bartolini Rosario M. , Penny Mary E. , Huong Trinh Thu , Nga Le Thi , Kumakech Edward , Mugisha Emmanuel , Jeronimo Jose
Published: December 2013

Cervical cancer is preventable but continues to cause the deaths of more than 270,000 women worldwide each year, most of them in developing countries where programs to detect and treat precancerous lesions are not affordable or available. Studies have demonstrated that screening by visual inspection of the cervix using acetic acid (VIA) is a simple, affordable, and sensitive test that can identify precancerous changes of the cervix so that treatment such as cryotherapy can be provided. Government partners implemented screening and treatment using VIA and cryotherapy at demonstration sites in Peru, Uganda, and Vietnam. Evaluations were conducted in the three countries to explore the barriers and facilitating factors for the use of services and for incorporation of screen-and-treat programs using VIA and cryotherapy into routine services. Results showed that use of VIA and cryotherapy in these settings is a feasible approach to providing cervical cancer prevention services. Activities that can help ensure successful programs include mobilizing and educating communities, organizing services to meet women's schedules and needs, and strengthening systems to track clients for follow-up. Sustainability also depends on having an adequate number of trained providers and reducing staff turnover. Although some challenges were found across all sites, others varied from country to country, suggesting that careful assessments before beginning new secondary prevention programs will optimize the probability of success.
In Reply
Authors: McCleary Nadine J. , Hurria Arti , Meyerhardt Jeffrey
Published: December 2013

It remains challenging to incorporate comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA) into prospective clinical trials, but efforts continue to test the efficacy of CGA-guided interventions for information about how the CGA data should be utilized to modify treatment.
Modelling the cement process and cement clinker quality
Authors: Hökfors Bodil , Eriksson Matias , Viggh Erik
Published: December 2013

This paper presents a recently developed simulation model that can be used as a tool for evaluating sustainable development measures for cement and lime production processes. Examples of such measures are introducing new combustion technologies such as oxy-fuel combustion, using biomass fuel and using alternative materials in the raw material feed. One major issue when introducing process changes is the need to maintain product quality. In some ways, oxygen-enriched air combustion resembles oxy-fuel combustion. The model results were validated and found to be consistent with full-scale operational data for normal running conditions and for a full-scale test with oxygen-enriched air. The model shows, for example, that with an additional 1500 m3/h of oxygen, fuel addition at the calciners can increase up to 108% and the raw material feed rate can increase up to 116% for a process with a raw meal feed of 335·5 t/h.
Briefing: Implementing resilience – a holistic approach to maintain value
Authors: Wholey William , Whyte Mark
Published: December 2013

This article identifies and discusses some of the challenges to the meaningful incorporation of resilience in commercial engineering projects. In particular it discusses: the tendency for projects to have many disparate consultants with no collective motivation for a coordinated approach to resilience; the current perceived lack of value for the client by addressing resilience; and the absence of either incentive or legislation to provide motivation to address resilience. The article then proposes what is needed to overcome these challenges: a coordinated, multidisciplinary approach to managing the whole spectrum of a client's risk. By combining expertise and consolidating mitigation strategies, it is possible to meet the client's needs while maintaining value. It is up to multidisciplinary companies with these capabilities to begin promoting the value of resilient design.