bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development of a Bio-inspired Hybrid Decomposition Algorithm Based on Whale and Differential Evolution Strategies for Multiobjective Optimization
Authors: Martins André O. , Peito Marcela C. C. , Vargas Dênis E. C. , Wanner Elizabeth F.
Published: December 2023

A Multiobjective Optimization Problem (MOP) requires the optimization of several objective functions simultaneously, usually in conflict with each other. One of the most efficient algorithms for solving MOPs is MOEA/D (Multiobjective Evolutionary Algorithm Based on Decomposition), which decomposes a MOP into single-objective optimization subproblems and solves them using information from neighboring subproblems. MOEA/D variants with other evolutionary operators have emerged over the years, improving their efficiency in various MOPs. Recently, the IWOA (Improved Whale Optimization Algorithm) was proposed, an optimization algorithm bioinspired by the whale hunting method hybridized with Differential Evolution, which presented excellent results in single-objective optimization problems. This work proposes the MOEA/D-IWOA algorithm, which associates characteristics of the evolutionary operators of the IWOA to MOEA/D. Computational experiments were accomplished to analyze the performance of the MOEA/D-IWOA in benchmark MOPs suites. The results were compared with those obtained by the MOEA/D, Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II (NSGA-II), Third Evolution Step of Generalized Differential Evolution (GDE3), Improving the Strength Pareto Evolutionary Algorithm (SPEA2), and Indicator-Based Evolutionary Algorithm (IBEA) algorithms in the Hypervolume and Inverted Generational Distance Plus (IGD+) indicators. The MOEA/D-IWOA proved to be competitive, with a good performance profile, in addition to presenting the best results in some POMs.
Escorbuto em crianças: relato de um caso em paciente autista
Authors: Terçola Anderson Luis , Bandeira Taline da Silva , Manzoni Juan Kober , Medeiros Thiago Amaral , Costa Milene Pinto , Zhang Linjie
Published: December 2023

O escorbuto é uma doença promovida pela deficiência de Vitamina C de incidência rara em tempos contemporâneos. O autismo é um espectro que atinge 17 a cada 1000 crianças e leva a 89% das crianças desse espectro a apresentarem seletividade alimentar. Nesse contexto, apresenta-se o relato de um caso de um paciente autista acometido pelo escorbuto devido à privação alimentar auto imposta e a decorrente deficiência nutricional. Com uma gama de achados inespecíficos, após diversos exames complementares e muitas hipóteses diagnósticas serem levantadas, o diagnóstico de escorbuto foi feito por exclusão e o paciente foi tratado de maneira empírica e apresentou rápida melhora no quadro geral. Deste modo, o presente relato chama a atenção para a seletividade alimentar em pacientes autistas, devido ao elevado risco de deficiências nutricionais e as repercussões na saúde do paciente, como o escorbuto.
Comparação entre o conhecimento sobre sífilis entre alunos da rede pública e privada em escolas do sul do Brasil
Authors: Borges Fabio Rodrigo , Jost Renan Trevisan , Silva Gabriela Aguiar , Votri Fernando , Madeira Kristian , Taddeo Silvia Guedes Bernardi
Published: December 2023

A sífilis é uma infecção sexualmente transmissível, que acomete praticamente todos os sistemas e órgãos, sendo ainda, causa de muitos problemas na rede pública de saúde. Neste estudo analisou-se o conhecimento básico sobre sífilis de alunos do último ano escolar de quatro instituições de uma cidade do sul do Brasil. Os resultados foram obtidos através da aplicação de um questionário com onze perguntas objetivas e uma questão discursiva sobre sífilis. Os diretores escolares, pais de alunos menores de idade e alunos maiores de idade assinaram a um termo de consentimento livre e esclarecido. Dentro da amostra, os alunos de escolas particulares tiveram uma média de conhecimento maior quando comparados aos alunos de escolas públicas. Concluiu-se que o nível de conhecimento da amostra encontra-se semelhante ou superior ao de alunos que foram analisados em outros estudos, incluindo artigos internacionais que foram usados como comparação a este estudo. Portanto, em suma, os estudantes precisam de maior incentivo educacional neste tema, já que apresentam certas deficiências de conhecimentos básicos que podem os expor a maiores riscos para contração da doença.
Sustainability and Food Systems Concepts in Dietetic Training Standards in Speaking Spanish Countries
Authors: Carvajal Useche Kimberly Carolina , Rangel Palacio Nicolás , Carlsson Liesel
Published: December 2023

Introduction: Global calls for action to support sustainable development through food systems and nutrition provide context to examine to what degree nutrition and dietetics professionals are equipped for this challenge. The purpose of this research is to investigate content related to sustainable food systems in training standards from Spanish-speaking countries and examine what level of knowledge is required.
Methods: Researchers conducted a content analysis of documents informing nutrition and dietetics training standards for content related to sustainable food systems, including dimensions of these complex topics. Relevant content was then analyzed according to the level of cognitive complexity per Bloom's Revised Taxonomy.
Results: Of 21 eligible countries, documents describing competencies, standards or codes of ethics were found for six, four of which included relevant standards: Colombia, Mexico, Paraguay, and Peru. Overall, there was minimal comprehensive inclusion of sustainable food systems, but partial inclusion of one or more important sustainability dimensions. These were required at a mix of levels of cognitive complexity.
Conclusions: This research adds to a small body of evidence documenting the state of readiness of nutrition and dietetics professionals to contribute to sustainable development. It highlights a moderate level of readiness in four Spanish-speaking countries, and opportunities for increased emphasis on comprehensive sustainability-informed education and training standards, which can help prepare practitioners for effective practice.
Funding: MITACS Global Research Internship.
The effect of intuitive eating and conscious eating on glycemic control in individuals with type 2 diabetes: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Mermer Meltem , Özpak Akkuş Özlem
Published: December 2023

Introduction: Eating behavior models such as intuitive eating (IE) and mindful eating (ME) have recently gained importance in a role in providing glycemic control. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effect of intuitive eating and mindful eating on the dietary treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and to investigate their relationship with glycemic control and obesity.
Methods: A total of 153 patients who were diagnosed with T2DM within at least one year and aged between 19 and 64 years were included. Descriptive characteristics of the patients were questioned using face-to-face interviews and anthropometric measurements The Intuitive Eating Scale 2 (IES-2) was used to evaluate intuitive eating behaviors and the Mindful Eating Questionnaire (MEQ) was used to assess mindful eating behaviors.
Results: The total IES-2 score was higher in patients with T2DM who had inadequate glycemic control (p<0.05), and a one-point increase in the IES-2 increased the probability of HbA1c level above 7 % by 25.2 % (p<0.05). There was a moderate negative correlation between the total MEQ score and body weight, BMI, waist circumference, and waist-to-height ratio in the patients with adequate glycemic control (r=-0.526, r=-0.537, r=-0.506, r=-0.510, respectively; p<0.05). There was a weak negative correlation between the total IES-2 score and BMI and between the total MEQ score and waist-to-height ratio, triglyceride, and very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in the patients with inadequate glycemic control (r=-0.225, r=-0.224, r=-0.114, r=-0.178, respectively; p<0.05).
Conclusions: This study results suggest that intuitive eating adversely affects glycemic control in patients with T2DM and mindful eating is positively associated with body weight control, although it has no direct effect on glycemic control.
Long-Term Natural History of Autoimmune Gastritis: Results From a Prospective Monocentric Series
Authors: Miceli Emanuela , Lenti Marco Vincenzo , Gentile Antonella , Gambini Giulia , Petrucci Clarissa , Pitotti Lavinia , Mengoli Caterina , Di Stefano Michele , Vanoli Alessandro , Luinetti Ombretta , Brondino Natascia , Paulli Marco , Anderloni Andrea , Klersy Catherine , Corazza Gino Roberto , Di Sabatino Antonio
Published: December 2023

INTRODUCTION:

The natural history of autoimmune gastritis (AIG) has been poorly described. In this study, we report the long-term natural history and clinical clustering of the full spectrum of AIG, from the potential to the complicated stage.

METHODS:

Prospective single-center study conducted in a tertiary referral center. Patients with AIG at any stage (0 = potential; 1 = early; 2 = florid; 3 = severe; and 4 = complicated) were enrolled (January 2000–December 2022). The histopathological evolution, the clinical presentation, and the correlates of evolution of potential AIG were assessed.

RESULTS:

Four hundred ninety-eight patients with AIG (mean age 56.7 ± 15.2 years, F:M ratio 2.5:1) were included, of whom 93 experienced potential AIG. The maximum disease duration was 27 years (median 18, interquartile range 14–23), while the overall median follow-up was 52 months (interquartile range 12–95). Age was significantly lower in stage 0 compared with that in the other stages. Accidental histologic evidence and hematologic findings were the most common clusters of diagnosis. The overall median rate of progression was 7.29 per 100 persons/yr (95% confidence interval [CI] 6.19–8.59), while the stage-specific rates of progression were 10.85 (stage 0; 95% CI 7.75–15.18), 14.83 (stages 1–2; 95% CI 11.89–18.49), and 2.68 (stage 3; 95% CI 1.88–3.84). Newly onset neoplastic complications at follow-up occurred in 41/483 patients (8.5%; 23 neuroendocrine tumors and 18 epithelial dysplasia). No cases of adenocarcinoma were noticed. Male sex was associated with a greater likelihood of evolving from potential AIG to overt AIG.

DISCUSSION:

AIG is a progressive disorder, with a virtually absent risk of gastric adenocarcinoma. Patients with potential AIG should be monitored because they carry a high risk of evolving into overt AIG.
İŞ SAĞLIĞI VE GÜVENLİĞİ RİSK FAKTÖRLERİNİN ANALİTİK HİYERARŞİ PROSESİ (AHP) YÖNTEMİ İLE DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ: SAĞLIK BİLİMLERİ FAKÜLTESİ’NDE BİR UYGULAMA
Authors: BOLAYIR Banu , İRİ Necla İrem Ölmezoğlu
Published: December 2023

Dünyada sanayileşme ve teknolojinin gelişmesiyle iş ortamlarında yaşanan iş kazalarının ve meslek hastalıklarının arttığı görülmektedir. Kaza riskinin yüksek olduğu çeşitli laboratuvarları bünyesinde bulunduran üniversitelerin Sağlık Bilimleri Fakülteleri de iş sağlığı ve güvenliği (İSG) konusunda üzerinde durulması gereken önemli iş ortamlarıdır. Buna göre çalışmada, yoğun öğrenci kapasiteleri ve uygulamalı eğitim faaliyetleri göz önünde bulundurularak, Sağlık Bilimleri Fakülteleri’ndeki İSG risk faktörlerinin önem düzeylerinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Çalışmanın amacı doğrultusunda İSG alanında uzman 7 akademisyenden anket tekniği ile veriler elde edilmiştir. Bu veriler, Analitik Hiyerarşi Prosesi (AHP) yönteminin adımları takip edilerek analiz edilmiştir. Analizdeki hesaplamalarda Microsoft Excel programından yararlanılmıştır. Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi’nde İSG açısından en fazla risk laboratuvarlarda bulunmaktadır. Bunu sırasıyla; kazan dairesi, kantin, ortak kullanım alanları, arşiv/depo ve sığınaklar, ofis ve sınıflar takip etmektedir. Laboratuvarlarda kimyasal güvenlik sorunları, kazan dairesinde elektrik kablolarının açıkta durması, kantinde acil durum tedbirlerinin alınmaması tespit edilen başlıca risk faktörleridir. Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi özelinde gerçekleştirilen bu çalışmayla eğitim alanında faaliyet gösteren benzer kurumlara ve bu alanda çalışma yapacak araştırmacılara ileride yapacakları risk analiz çalışmalarında laboratuvarlardaki İSG risk faktörlerine önem vermeleri, diğer alanlarda da çalışma kapsamında elde edilen tespitlerden yola çıkarak bir değerlendirme yapmaları önerilmektedir.
YEREL YÖNETİMLERE GENEL BAKIŞ: TÜRKİYE 51 İL BELEDİYESİ ORGANİZASYON YAPISI İNCELEMESİ
Authors: TALİH Özgür , TAŞCI Sevil Ayça , ENGİN Taylan
Published: December 2023

Modern devlet anlayışı içinde toplumsal ve bireysel farklılık içeren ihtiyaçlara etkili ve verimli şekilde cevap verilebilmesi, aynı zamanda yerindelik sağlayacak sistematik bir çözüme ulaşılması amacıyla yerel yönetim yapılanmasına gidilmiştir. Yerel yönetimler, şehir ve kırsal alanlarda vatandaşı yönetim süreçlerine dâhil ederek kamu hizmetlerini ilk elden sunan idari yapılardır. Türkiye’de yerel yönetim yapısı; il belediyeleri, büyükşehir belediyeleri, il özel idareleri ve köylerden oluşmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, Türkiye’deki elli bir il belediyesinin teşkilat yapısı ve organizasyon şemaları, mevzuat ve mevcut uygulamalar çerçevesinde incelenerek ortak özellikler ve farklılıklar belirlenmiştir. Bu doğrultuda ilgili mevzuat ve literatür taranmış, elli bir il belediyesinin resmi internet sayfası incelenerek yayımlanan faaliyet raporları, strateji belgeleri ve il protokol dokümanları gibi belgelerden faydalanılmıştır. Yapılan inceleme ve değerlendirmeler neticesinde elli bir il belediyesinin kurumsal organizasyonunda yer alacak temel birimlere yönelik bir öneri ortaya koyulmaya çalışarak literatüre katkı sağlamak istenmiştir.
Attitude of Consumers Towards Events Organized by Companies
Authors: Seturi Maia , Surmava Maka
Published: December 2023

After the transition to market relations, interest in various directions of marketing increased in Georgia. One of them is public relations, which helps companies to form and maintain a positive image. It, in turn, has various tools. Among them, the events are noteworthy. Planning them properly and implementation is important to ensure effective marketing management and achievement of set goals in the company. The purpose of the article is to study the attitudes of consumers towards the events carried out by Georgian companies. We used the form of an online survey, which is currently quite effective. Events play a major role in forming impressions of a company and its brands. Those companies that intelligently manage and implement events contribute to the formation of their positive image and increase in the promotion of their brands. Events are used by many subjects to impress other people. Business entities can gain goodwill from their target market by making a good impression on the public. With its correct planning and implementation, the company will receive economic benefits. In the article, the authors discuss the problems associated with conducting events, present the main results of the conducted research and recommendations in the direction of increasing the effectiveness of the use of events.
Dans les soutes de la mondialisation : les insécurités langagières des travailleurs d’en bas
Authors: Adami Hervé
Published: December 2023

In the great upheavals of globalization, this article will focus on those who are not directly involved in this great movement. These include migrants. For them, the most useful language is that of survival, both social and professional. In this context, we will focus on the training demands that emanate from certain professional fields in France, formulated in the urgency of economic and human situations that concern the public employment actors, the training structures and of course the learners/workers themselves. Indeed, certain economic sectors are under pressure, in the sense that they are struggling to recruit. Recourse to migrant labour is therefore one of the solutions, but, in most cases, the question of mastering the language of the host country in oral and/or written form arises,. Didactic solutions must be found on a case-by-case basis, in a very precise and specific way. In order to describe and analyse this situation, the article will be based on two experiences of technical and linguistic training in two vocational training fields: i) catering and ii) building and public works.
Préparer à évoluer dans un environnement professionnel multiculturel : l’(inter)culturel dans les manuels de spécialité affaires
Authors: Gajewska Elżbieta
Published: December 2023

The article examines the ways intercultural aspects are dealt with in textbooks for learning business language (in the broad sense) in French, Spanish and Italian. The authors of the textbooks analyzed represent different approaches, both at the level of the declared learning objectives and at the level of the techniques applied. Among the textbooks analyzed there are also those oriented towards the development of intercultural skills. Their goal is not so much to prepare the learner to evolve in a given culture, but to make them aware of the differences between their own and the target culture(s)and to be able to mediate between the representatives of each of them. Although in a textbook for the teaching/learning of a foreign language for specialized purposes, intercultural training preparing for “culture shock” must necessarily be limited, the examples observed show that educators aware of the importance of this issue can offer interesting solutions and proposals.
“In Heaven, at Evening”
Authors: Delnero Paul , Gabbay Uri
Published: December 2023

The article presents an edition of the Old Babylonian Sumerian Eršema “In heaven, at evening” according to the tablet MS 3406, published here for the first time, and parallels. The Eršema describes Inana lamenting her losses and the capture of her spouse Dumuzi.
Taxation and Tax Farming in the Egibi Archive
Authors: Wang Jinyan
Published: December 2023

The Egibi archive contains a group of texts concerning the tax farming activities of Marduk-nāṣir-apli, son of Itti-Marduk-balāṭu, the head of the Egibi family in the third generation (521–487 BCE). This group of texts includes documents that refer to various taxes, such asilkuandqaštu, mostly in the form of receipts, as well as a dossier of arab hanše, Bēl-erība, son of Kalbāya, descendant of Šumu-libši, who was closely involved in the collection ofilku. A detailed analysis and contextualization of these texts reveal theilkutaxation processes, and the roles of therab hanšêBēl-erība and the tax farmer Marduk-nāṣir-apli in these processes. These texts also add more evidence for the taxation on the military fiefs andqaštu-tax in Babylon.
Measurement uncertainty estimation of free drug concentrations in clinical laboratories using equilibrium dialysis
Authors: Rigo-Bonnin Raúl , Mas-Bosch Virgínia , Canalias Francesca
Published: December 2023

Objectives

Developing procedures based on equilibrium dialysis (ED) that allow measuring the free drug concentration in plasma improves therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) in those cases where its measurement is justified. However, this procedure requires specific sample preparation and presents different pitfalls, which are not error-free. As with any result provided by a clinical laboratory, this one should be as accurate as possible to allow a correct clinical interpretation. The measurement uncertainty (MU) is a parameter that enables the accuracy of results to be known, and that is mandated by ISO 15189. Herein, this study suggests how the MU for the results of the free drug concentrations in serum could be estimated when an ED is used.

Methods

A combination of the top-down and bottom-up approaches was used to estimate the MU based on the ISO/TS 20914:2019 and JCGM 100:2008 guidelines, including the concentration of free phenytoin in serum, as an example. Different scenarios were incorporated considering or not a significant bias related to the primary drawbacks of ED: the non-specific binding, the volume shift effect and the Gibbs-Donnan effect.

Results

The expanded uncertainties estimated ranged between 13.0 and 30.9 %. The highest MU corresponded to the free drug concentrations in serum results when significant biases related to the volume shift and Gibbs-Donnan effects exist.

Conclusions

A detailed estimation of MU for free drug concentrations is presented using ED, considering different scenarios. This study could stimulate clinical laboratories to perform MU studies and its application in TDM.
Analytical interference of intravascular contrast agents with clinical laboratory tests: a joint guideline by the ESUR Contrast Media Safety Committee and the Preanalytical Phase Working Group of the EFLM Science Committee
Authors: van der Molen Aart J. , Krabbe Johannes G. , Dekkers Ilona A. , Geenen Remy W.F. , Bellin Marie-France , Bertolotto Michele , Brismar Torkel B. , Cadamuro Janne , Correas Jean-Michel , Heinz-Peer Gertraud , Langlois Michel R. , Mahnken Andreas H. , Ozben Tomris , Quattrocchi Carlo C. , Radbruch Alexander , Reimer Peter , Roditi Giles , Romanini Laura , Sebastià Carmen , Simundic Ana-Maria , Stacul Fulvio , Clement Olivier
Published: December 2023

The Contrast Media Safety Committee of the European Society of Urogenital Radiology has, together with the Preanalytical Phase Working Group of the EFLM Science Committee, reviewed the literature and updated its recommendations to increase awareness and provide insight into these interferences.
Language assessment in EMI: unravelling the implicit-explicit dichotomy
Authors: Gronchi Michela
Published: December 2023

English Medium Instruction (EMI) is a content-focused approach in which language learning seems to have been sidelined. However, there appear to be some inconsistencies between EMI language objectives and actual practices that are reflected in the assessment phase. The literature has revealed that an implicit-explicit dichotomy is being used to explain the role of language in EMI; here explicit refers to the declared language outcomes as opposed to implicit, meaning implied but not stated. In this study, the description of a Linguistics course taught through the medium of English, the final assignment and its evaluative rubric are critically examined. The overall aim is to discuss discrepancies between language objectives and language assessment and identify a theoretical framework that could explain the implicit-explicit dichotomy in EMI. The present study raises the possibility that the discrepancies between language objectives and assessment criteria could be described in terms of teacher practices and beliefs that diverge from the declared language policy. Findings further indicate that the implicit-explicit dichotomy depends on academic literacies constructs, which have implications for the students’ development of linguistic tacit knowledge, which is learnt experientially but cannot be easily codified.
“Going around it to go into it”: tensions and questions in teacher–researcher work towards a critical translanguaging stance
Authors: Seltzer Kate
Published: December 2023

This article blends autoethnography with other qualitative research methods to address the following question: what tensions and questions emerged as a white, English-dominant researcher and white, English-dominant teachers co-developed a critical, anti-racist translanguaging stance? The co-development of such a stance occurred through a year-long professional development (PD) series on critical translingual approaches to English teaching (Seltzer, Kate. 2020. “My English is its own rule”: Voicing a translingual sensibility through poetry. Journal of Language, Identity and Education 19(5). 297–311), which, unlike many traditional teacher education and development programs, shifted away from “strategies” and “best practices” and instead centered and aimed to unpack ideologies that lead to deficit perceptions and ways of teaching racialized bi/multilingual students. By drawing on three moments from this PD series, I explore and raise questions about how (or whether) the translanguaging co-stance (García, Ofelia, Susana Johnson & Kate Seltzer. 2017. Rejecting abyssal thinking in the language and education of racialized bilinguals: A manifesto. Critical Inquiry in Language Studies 18(3). 203–228; Tian, Zhongfeng & Leah Shepard‐Carey. 2020. (Re) imagining the future of translanguaging pedagogies in TESOL through teacher–researcher collaboration. Tesol Quarterly 54(4). 1131–1143) the teachers and I were developing was as explicitly critical and anti-racist as I intended. To delve into these moments, I mesh data from the PD project with scholarship on whiteness, translanguaging, and raciolinguistic ideologies to explore these tensions and reflect critically on my own ways forward in collaborative translanguaging research with teachers.
Virtual planning for mandible resection and reconstruction
Authors: Probst Florian Andreas , Liokatis Paris , Mast Gerson , Ehrenfeld Michael
Published: December 2023

In mandibular reconstruction, computer-assisted procedures, including virtual surgical planning (VSP) and additive manufacturing (AM), have become an integral part of routine clinical practice. Especially complex cases with extensive defects after ablative tumor surgery benefit from a computer-assisted approach. Various CAD/CAM-manufactured tools such as surgical guides (guides for osteotomy, resection and predrilling) support the transition from virtual planning to surgery. Patient-specific implants (PSIs) are of particular value as they facilitate both osteosynthesis and the positioning of bone elements. Computer-based approaches may be associated with higher accuracy, efficiency, and superior patient outcomes. However, certain limitations should be considered, such as additional costs or restricted availability. In the future, automation of the planning process and augmented reality techniques, as well as MRI as a non-ionizing imaging modality, have the potential to further improve the digital workflow.
Neuerscheinungen zu Nietzsches Musikästhetik und Musikphilosophie
Authors: Rauschelbach Uwe
Published: December 2023

New Publications on Nietzsche’s Musical Aesthetics and Philosophy of Music. The significance of music in Nietzsche’s aesthetic writings is undisputed. However, the question of the role that music played in Nietzsche’s thought and writing process still yields divergent answers which are not free of speculative interpretations. New publications on Nietzsche’s aesthetics of music cover a wide range of themes: from the significance that the syllabic rhythms of Greek antiquity held for Nietzsche to the relationship between sounds and language in poetic texts, for example, and the processes to which Nietzsche applied himself as a composer of music. This makes it very clear that music is not simply a complementary element to express what cannot be said in language, nor is it a form of relief from the tragic perception of life.
Non-local discretization of the isoneutral diffusion operator in a terrain-following climate ocean model
Authors: Blagodatskikh Dmitry V. , Iakovlev Nikolay G. , Volodin Evgenii M. , Gritsun Andrey S.
Published: December 2023

The present paper considers numerical properties of two different approaches to discretization of the isoneutral diffusion. The necessity of an alternative treatment of the isoneutral diffusion in a terrain-following climate ocean model as opposed to the more convenient rotated tensor formalism is studied. A new method of the approximation of the isoneutral diffusion based on a non-local computational stencil is formulated. The validity of the non-local discretization of the isoneutral diffusion operator with regard to a terrain-following vertical coordinate in the INMCM ocean model is demonstrated.
Numerical model of Earth ionosphere F region based on three-dimensional transport and ambipolar diffusion equations
Authors: Kulyamin Dmitry V. , Kostrykin Sergey V. , Ostanin Pavel A. , Dymnikov Valentin P.
Published: December 2023

The paper provides a detailed description of the numerical implementation of the transport scheme in the Earth’s ionosphere three-dimensional dynamical model of the Institute of Numerical Mathematics (INMIM). The presented version of INM-IM model takes into account the global dynamical processes of ion transport and ambipolar diffusion in the altitude range between 100 and 500 km (corresponding to F region). Based upon the splitting method the model solves the equations of ambipolar diffusion on the first split step and incorporates specifically designed advective transport scheme on the second step. The accuracy of transport scheme implementation in the model has been investigated through analytical solutions. The stability of the numerical algorithm has been demonstrated even for cases when transport velocities approaching extreme values.
The study of the local sensitivity of functionals of the optimal solution to observational data and the heat flux input data in a variational assimilation problem for the sea thermodynamics model
Authors: Shutyaev Victor P. , Parmuzin Eugene I. , Gejadze Igor Yu.
Published: December 2023

The problem of variational assimilation of observational data for the sea thermodynamics model is considered with the aim to reconstruct heat fluxes on the sea surface. The local sensitivity of functionals of the solution to the observational data and input data for heat fluxes is studied in the considered problem and the results of numerical experiments are presented for the Black Sea dynamics model.
Enacting Chinese-ness on Arab Land: A Case Study of the Linguistic Landscape of an (Emerging) Chinatown in Multilingual and Multicultural Dubai
Authors: Gu Chonglong
Published: December 2023

An urban space’s linguistic landscape represents a multimodal and multilingual discourse, indexing the historical, socio-political, cultural, and ethnolinguistic aspects of the locale. Contributing to sociolinguistic research in our global cities, this study zooms in on an unexpected Chinese ethnic enclave, or Chinatown, in Dubai, a superdiverse urban space and multilingual contact zone in post-colonial UAE. Drawing on a corpus of authentic LL data taken from Dubai’s emerging ‘Chinatown’, the study shows that a multilingual triad involving Arabic, English and Chinese is a pervasive sight in this area, deviating from the taken-for-granted and ‘choreographed’ bilingual LL in Dubai overall featuring Arabic and English. Notably, Chinese, as an index of ethnic, linguistic, and cultural identity and marker of boundary, is the most prominent and informative, whereas Dubai’s official language Arabic often appears in small font size and is rendered inconspicuous. This gives rise to a scenario I call ‘small-print multilingualism’ – a conscious attempt for small-business owners to include Arabic reluctantly only to get the ‘job’ done and conform to relevant rules and regulations. Theoretically, this article argues for the relevance of Bakhtin’s concepts of centripetal and centrifugal forces in helping shed light on the dynamic and negotiated relationship between official top-down regulations and bottom-up linguistic practices on the ground in ethnic enclaves. Ultimately, this study adds to our understandings of language and multilingualism in (super)diverse global cities
Brevity is the soul of wit – how time, temperature and detergent choice impact the cleaning performance in domestic dishwashers
Authors: Tewes Thomas J. , Harcq Laurence , Minot Pauline , Bockmühl Dirk P.
Published: December 2023

In addition to high cleaning performance, many consumers pay special attention to low energy and water consumption in automatic dishwashers. Eco programs are designed to effectively clean normally soiled dishes with low energy and water consumption. However, Eco programs are relatively long and consumer acceptance of programs lasting longer than 2 h is not very high. The vast majority of short programs for lightly soiled dishes consume equal to lower amounts of energy and water than Eco cycles on average. In this study, we investigate the effect of different dishwasher programs on the cleaning performance for a variety of soils using four different market detergents. The results show that the detergent has a major influence on the cleaning result, especially for short cycles and that for certain short cycle/cleaner combinations similar good results can be achieved as with Eco cycles. The data collected were also used to train predictive models to make forecasts on cleaning performance for unknown program parameter combinations, and to examine the multivariate relationships of the program parameters and the cleaners in more detail.
The Articles on the Responsibility of International Organisations – Still Up in the Air after More Than a Decade?
Authors: Mohay Ágoston , Kis Kelemen Bence , Pánovics Attila , Tóth Norbert
Published: December 2023

The responsibility of international organizations for internationally wrongful acts is a complex issue of international law – a situation that was meant to be changed by the Articles on the Responsibility of International Organisations (ARIO, 2011). Yet the status of the ARIO remains disputed in theory and practice: it is difficult to say whether it qualifies as customary law or rather the progressive development of the law. This paper outlines some of the most important conceptual frameworks regarding this subject, providing insight into the corresponding questions of interpretation.
Defending the nation, securing the economy
Authors: Iuga Iulia-Cristina , Socol Adela
Published: December 2023

Literature on the effects of military expenses and GDP is mixed, although a significant body of research supports the hypothesis that military expenses positively impact GDP. To contribute to the literature, this article analyses whether military expenditures influenced GDP in 27 European Union member countries from 1998 to 2021 by studying two clusters specific to the analysed countries: NATO and non-NATO countries. The way in which military expenditures affect GDP has been analysed using both the classic static models for panel data (pooled OLS, fixed effects, random effects, feasible generalized least squares, panel corrected standard errors, Poisson pseudomaximum likelihood regression) as well as by applying dynamic panel model system GMM, reverse causality, and half-panel jackknife regression models, with unemployment and inflation selected as control variables. The findings indicate that the current values of military expenditures positively influence GDP in both clusters, while past values of military expenditures positively influence GDP in the NATO EU countries and negatively affect GDP in the non-NATO EU countries. There are several key differences between NATO EU members and non-NATO EU members, particularly in regard to their security commitments and defence spending. NATO members are part of a mutual defence pact, agreeing to the principle of collective defence, which also impacts public defence policies and public budgets. This paper offers practical value to policymakers, stakeholders, and academicians. In addition, it has two significant political implications. First, it highlights the role of military expenditures as a catalyst for economic growth but does not underestimate the dangers of using military spending as a pretext to stimulate employment. Second, it establishes the optimal proportion of military expenditures required to fulfil two essential targets of national and European policies – security and welfare.
Gamification in management: Positive and negative aspects
Authors: Kačerauskas Tomas , Sederevičiūtė-Pačiauskienė Živilė , Šliogerienė Jolita
Published: December 2023

The phenomenon of gamification is analysed, identifying positive aspects of gamification, risks and problems. The paper adopts a method of systematic critical literature analysis in English, German, and Russian. We provide the most relevant gamification definitions classified into two main groups, fundamental and practical. The confusion of these groups or ignorance of one causes particular problems in understanding gamification. We face two levels of gamification in different areas of business management. It is the so-called meta- or macro-level and applied or micro-level. The paper aims to demonstrate the broader context of gamification in management by revealing the phenomenon’s positive and negative aspects. To reach the aim, five objectives were defined: i) to show the broader context of gamification in management; ii) to reveal the problems, risks, or even negative aspects of gamification in management; iii) to appeal to the practical issues how and in what areas to use gamification; iv) to show a broader cultural and philosophical context behind the manager interpretation of gamification; v) to introduce the discourse of gamification as an integrated theoretical approach that could reveal essential aspects of management. Gamification has both positive and negative aspects in all areas of management. On the one hand, gamification increases productivity and improves service, contributes to innovative participatory thinking and action, improves internal control, coordination, communication, collaboration, and creativity, increases motivation and pleasure at work, develops the soft skills of employees and reduces costs, as well as contributes to better acclimatisation. On the other hand, gamification commercialises human relations, causes novelty effects, elicits desired behaviour and predicts job performance, transforms organisational culture in unpredictable and counterintuitive ways, results in stress and anxiety, lowers self-esteem, causes exhaustion, conflict, and incomplete knowledge, serves as a means of domination and mobbing, and finally increases free-riding and work intimidation.
Penile cavernous sinusoids are Prox1-positive hybrid vessels
Authors: Schnabellehner Sarah , Kraft Marle , Schoofs Hans , Ortsäter Henrik , Mäkinen Taija
Published: December 2023

Endothelial cells (ECs) of blood and lymphatic vessels have distinct identity markers that define their specialized functions. Recently, hybrid vasculatures with both blood and lymphatic vessel-specific features have been discovered in multiple tissues. Here, we identify the penile cavernous sinusoidal vessels (pc-Ss) as a new hybrid vascular bed expressing key lymphatic EC identity genes Prox1, Vegfr3,and Lyve1. Using single-cell transcriptome data of human corpus cavernosum tissue, we found heterogeneity within pc-S endothelia and observed distinct transcriptional alterations related to inflammatory processes in hybrid ECs in erectile dysfunction associated with diabetes. Molecular, ultrastructural, and functional studies further established hybrid identity of pc-Ss in mouse, and revealed their morphological adaptations and ability to perform lymphatic-like function in draining high-molecular-weight tracers. Interestingly, we found that inhibition of the key lymphangiogenic growth factor VEGF-C did not block the development of pc-Ss in mice, distinguishing them from other lymphatic and hybrid vessels analyzed so far. Our findings provide a detailed molecular characterization of hybrid pc-Ss and pave the way for the identification of molecular targets for therapies in conditions of dysregulated penile vasculature, including erectile dysfunction.
ІДЕЇ МЕНЕДЖМЕНТУ ТА МАРКЕТИНГУ В КОНТЕКСТІ ФАХОВИХ ДИСЦИПЛІН У СИСТЕМІ ПІДГОТОВКИ МАЙБУТНІХ ФАРМАЦЕВТІВ
Authors: LYSENKO NATALIIA
Published: December 2023

У статті розкрито значення міждисциплінарного підходу до професійної підготовки майбутніх спеціалістів фармацевтичної галузі у процесі викладання фахових дисциплін. Визначено профільні дисципліни, які мають буди складовими в підготовці випускників спеціальності “Фармація”. Надано характеристику й оцінку курсу з основ менеджменту та маркетингу у фармації, що викладається у вищих медичних (фармацевтичних) навчальних закладах. Встановлено, що процес вивчення менеджменту та маркетингу у фармації як самостійної науки потребує удосконалення.  За основу роботи автором узято маркетингові дослідження в галузі сервісного обслуговування відвідувачів аптек та власний досвід під час проведення теоретичних і практичних занять з організації та економіки фармації з основами менеджменту та маркетингу у вищому медичному навчальному закладі.
ІНТЕГРАЦІЙНЕ ВИВЧЕННЯ БІОГРАФІЇ ПИСЬМЕННИКА В КОНТЕКСТІ ФАХОВОЇ ПІДГОТОВКИ МАЙБУТНІХ УЧИТЕЛІВ УКРАЇНСЬКОЇ МОВИ І ЛІТЕРАТУРИ
Authors: ОVDIICHUK LILIA
Published: December 2023

У статті визначено ключові засади інтеграційного вивчення біографії письменника у процесі підготовки майбутніх учителів української мови і літератури. Розкрито особливості застосування міждисциплінарної інтеграції під час опрацювання першоджерельного біографічного матеріалу через історичний, філософський, психологічний, культурологічний аспекти. Репрезентовано діяльнісний аспект інтеграції: перегляд мультимедійних презентацій «Письменник як особистість» із застосуванням алгоритму, який сформований на основі стратегій критичного мислення.
Género en la Agenda Internacional de Desarrollo. Un enfoque de derechos humanos
Authors: LÓPEZ Irene
Published: December 2023

Este trabajo pretende revisar el proceso histórico de inclusión de los aspectos de género en la agenda del desarrollo y la cooperación internacional. Para ello se examinarán tres instrumentos específicos que han servido para introducir la perspectiva de los derechos humanos en las estrategias de desarrollo y cooperación. En primer lugar se examinará la Convención para la Eliminación de todas las Formas de Discriminación contra las Mujeres (CEDAW por sus siglas en inglés) de 1979. En segundo término se tratará la Conferencia de Beijing de 1995 y, por último, se analizará el papel de la perspectiva de género en los Objetivos de Desarrollo del Milenio (ODM) del año 2000.
La conclusión es que la adopción del prisma de los derechos humanos en las estrategias de desarrollo ha traído consigo, de forma inevitable, la "feminización" de estas últimas. No obstante, a pesar de los avances en la formulación de la agenda política de género en el desarrollo, el reto se sigue centrando hoy día en la aplicación de la perspectiva de género en la práctica del desarrollo y la cooperación internacional.
Ética y guerra: más alla de la teoría de la guerra justa
Authors: FROST Mervyn
Published: December 2023

En este artículo se pretende remarcar el vínculo inherente que existe entre la ética y la guerra, a lo largo de la historia y, en particular, en los tres tipos de guerra posteriores a la Segunda Guerra Mundial: las guerras de liberación nacional, las nuevas guerras y la guerra contra el terror global. De este modo, se repasan las tres variantes con el ánimo de mostrar que "hacer la guerra" es una actividad desarrollada dentro de una práctica social y constituye una actividad significativa para los actores que la llevan a cabo. Por ello, la guerra adquiere inevitablemente una dimensión ética. Estos elementos éticos son enunciados, en un primer momento, en las guerras entre colonizadores y sociedades coloniales que aspiran a construir su propio estado; en segundo lugar, en las denominadas "nuevas guerras" en la que la violencia está especialmente instrumentalizada como vehículo para la humillación del adversario; y, finalmente, en el terrorismo global, que no puede entenderse como "absurdo" ni carente de ética.
¿Rehacer o reformar las administraciones proyectadas de las Áfricas?
Authors: DARBON Dominique
Published: December 2023

Desde mediados de los años setenta las instituciones internacionales han tenido un papel central  en las reformas de la administración del estado en África. Los organismos internacionales han creado un vocabulario especializado cuyos discursos han sido despolitizados. En respuesta a las  continuas reformas dirigidas a los estados africanos, se hace necesaria una construcción de la administración estatal en África históricamente contextualizada y a largo plazo.
Sociología Histórica y Relaciones Internacionales. Apuntes para un balance
Authors: PASTOR Jaime
Published: December 2023

El autor hace un repaso de las principales aportaciones de la Sociología Histórica con la intención de examinar cómo repercuten en la teoría de Relaciones Internacionales. De este modo, Pastor analiza las teorías de la “modernización” con Tilly a la cabeza, el modelo de organización de poder de Mann y la propuesta de “sociología mundial” de Hobden y Hobson; enfatizando en cada caso su manera de acercarse al concepto de estado y de globalización.
En última instancia, el autor remarca la valía de la Sociología Histórica y apuesta por su necesaria aplicación en el ámbito de las Relaciones Internacionales, dado que estos enfoques pluridisciplinares favorecen revertir hábitos como el etnocentrismo y dimensionar el papel de la Historia, entre otras virtudes.
"Organización militar y organización del Estado" en The historical Essays of Otto Hintze, Oxford University Press, Nueva York, 1973
Authors: HINTZE Otto
Published: December 2023

"Organización militar y organización del Estado" en The historical Essays of Otto Hintze, Oxford University Press, Nueva York, 1973.
Dos teorías sobre la modernidad
Authors: TAYLOR Charles
Published: December 2023

Hay dos maneras de interpretar la Modernidad; a través de un enfoque cultural o a través de una enfoque acultural. La explicación acultural de la Modernidad conlleva considerar que diferentes espacios gegráficos afrontan un mismo tipo de cambio histórico. Al contrario una visión cultural subraya la existencia de modernidades múltiples construidas a través de procesos históricos distintos.
Soberanía y subdesarrollo: estatalidad jurídica en la crisis africana
Authors: JACKSON Robert H. , ROSBERG Carl G.
Published: December 2023

Cuando hablamos del “estado” en África Tropical de hoy día, es posible que hayamos creado una ilusión. Habitualmente el término significa una estructura política independiente con suficiente autoridad y poder como para gobernar un territorio definido y su población: es la estatalidad empírica. Esta es la noción predominante del estado en la teoría moderna política, jurídica y social y es una aproximación bastante fiel al hecho histórico en muchas partes del mundo —no solo en Europa y América del Norte, donde se desarrollaron y se enraizaron los primeros estados modernos, sino también en América del Sur, Oriente Medio y Asia, donde han surgido más recientemente—. Sin embargo, aunque el estado es una realidad ineludible, muchos de los llamados estados del África Tropical carecen de los elementos imprescindibles de la estatalidad.
Los obstáculos en la construcción de un estado en Somalia frente a los logros relativos en Somalilandia
Authors: POZO MARÍN Alejandro
Published: December 2023

Desde 1991, Somalia es una nación sin estado. Somalilandia, una de sus regiones, consiguió en cambio formar una estructura estatal independiente poco después del colapso general. Entre los cuantiosos y complejos factores que intentarían explicar la diferente evolución de los hechos en ambos territorios, cabe destacar, por su relevancia, cuatro: la manipulación del clan y las disputas internas en las facciones armadas; la violencia extendida, favorecida por las continuas transferencias de armas que violan el embargo de la ONU; la injerencia de varios países que buscaban satisfacer sus propios intereses incluso a costa de perpetuar los problemas en Somalia; y, finalmente, los escasos recursos de todo tipo de los que disponía el país para construir un estado junto a la descarada impunidad demostrada en los procesos de formación de gobierno, plagado de caciques. Ni los 14 procesos políticos acontecidos en la última década y media ni el periodo de relativa estabilidad proporcionado por la Unión de Tribunales Islámicos fueron capaces de mejorar el bienestar de la castigada población somalí.