bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Combination of ELISA and RT-PCR tests in the diagnosis of toxoplasmic infection in aborted women and congenitally infected infants.
Authors: AL-Dujaily Khitam Y. Obaid , Abdul-Amir Noor SH.
Published: November 2021

The diagnosis of toxoplasmic infection in aborted women and congenitally infected infants suspected to have toxoplasmosis infection can be difficult due to similarity symptoms with other diseases. A combination of symptoms, serology and polymerase chain reaction (PCR)may facilitate diagnosis of toxoplasmosis in some patients. The present study compare the detection of toxoplasmosis infection by ELISA IgA and IgG antibodies with Real Time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR)in the study subjects. A total of 81 sera samples, 57(70.3%) samples from aborted women and 24(29.7%)samples from congenitally infants have been studied. 49(86%) samples from the aborted women were positive and 8(14%) samples were negative as diagnosed by one or two of ELISA markers (IgAand IgG).The ELISA results indicated that 15(62.5%) samples from infants were positive and 9(37.5%) samples of them were negative. RT-PCR tests indicated that 33(67.3%) from the mothers and 6(40%) from the infants were agreed with ELISA positive samples. For ELISA negative samples, RT-PCR detected toxoplasmosis DNA in 4 (50%) and 2 (22.2%) for the mothers and infants respectively. Therefore, ELISA and RT-PCR can make a good combination tests in detection toxoplasmopsis infection.
Decolorization of textile dyes by partially purified Pleurotus ostreatus laccase
Authors: Abdulredha Shamam saady , Hashim Abdulkareem jasim , Ali Abduljabar Abas , Dheeb Batool Imran
Published: November 2021

Pleurotus ostreatus produced 2.93 U/mg of laccase in solid state fermentation (SSF) using barley bran as substrate under optimum conditions. The optimum SSF conditions were: pH 6.5; temperature, 25Cº; inoculums size 3.5 mm and moisture content, 1:1.5 w/v. Laccase was partially purified 8.29 fold with specific activity 17.5 U/mg by ion exchange chromatography after curd enzyme concentrated by dialysis against the solid sucrose. Partially purified laccase had an optimum pH of 6.5 and was stable in the pH range from 6.5 to 7.5. The optimum temperature was 45 Cº and it displayed considerable stability within the range 15 to 45 Cº with 1h incubation as well as The ability of partial purified laccase to decolorize of textile dyes showed that the blue H3R dye was completely decolorized in all concentrations within first min while yellow FG and red 3B dyes were decolorized in different percentage.
Immune Enhancing Effect of Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lactobacillus gasseri in Mice Infected with Salmonella typhimurium
Authors: Salih Shahlaa M. , Albarghash Manhal F. A. , Joubori Saddam Y. D.
Published: November 2021

This study was carried out to assess the protective immune effect of mixed culture of Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lactobacillus gasseri in mice infected with Salmonella typhimurium. Parameters of evaluation were total and absolute count of leukocyte and phagocytosis. Fifteen albino mice divided into five groups and designated as follows: CG used as negative control, SG was infected with 0.1 ml Salmonella typhimurium 2.5×107 cfu/ml and used as a positive control, AC was treated with 0.1ml Lactobacillus acidophilus 1×109 cfu/ml and infected with Salmonella typhimurium 2.5×107 cfu/ml, GG was doused with Lactobacillus gasseri and infected with Salmonella typhimurium, AG was fed with 0.1 ml mixed culture of Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lactobacillus gasseri 1×109 cfu/ml and infected with Salmonella typhimurium 2.5×107 cfu/ml. Results indicated that mice treated with viable Lb.acidophilus and Lb.gasseri showed a significant protective immune effect compared with positive and negative control, while mice fed with mixed culture of Lb.acidophilus and Lb.gasseri exhibited less protective effect against Salmonella typhimurium compared with groups fed with monoculture of Lactobacillus.
Study of Protective effect of Glutathione Peroxidase (GSH-Px), Vitamin E and Selenium on Iraqi children with Leukemia
Authors: Assi Saeed H. , Al_Husain Ryaidh Sh.
Published: November 2021

The present study have been investigated the levels of antioxidant substances which including the enzyme glutathione peroxidase GSH-Px, vitamin E (α- tocopherol), and selenium, in order to estimate their roles of preventing the body cells against oxidation processes by free radicals, hydrogen peroxides, hydrofattyperoxides, reactive oxygen species, which attack the cell membrane causing damage of these cells resulting in mutation of DNA and accidence of various cancer diseases such as leukemia. By studying 30 female and 30 male, 2-14 years old, they were divided into three groups, each group formed 20 patients. These groups included two kinds of leukemia are acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and acute myeloblastic leukemia (AML). The concentration level of glutathione peroxidase GSH-Px, and concentration level of α- tocopheroland selenium were significant P< 0.05 decrease in all groups of patients male and female in both kinds of leukemia's when compared to control group.
Effect of soaking and germination on approximate composition and certain characterize of isolate protein (solubility and degree of hydrolysis) Of mung bean Vigna radiate
Authors: Alwan Abdul kadir Hadi , Sebeh Sahr , Guma Mustafa Farhan
Published: November 2021

Four groups of local mung bean Vigna radiate were soaked for 24h. Three of these were germinated for 1, 2 and 3 days at room temperature 23˚Cusing wet cloths between technique while the fourth was depending as a soaking sample in addition to control treatment without soaking. Approximate chemical composition (crud protein, oil, ash, moisture, fibers and carbohydrates) and mung protein isolates (MPI) with its solubility SP and degree of hydrolysis DH, were determined for four dehulling groups besides control sample. Dehulling mung bean DMB flour contained 23.53, 1.83, 3.11, 7.5, 17.14 and 46.89% crud protein, oil, ash, moisture, fibers and carbohydrates, respectively. While the values of MPI, SP, and DH were 12.85, 1.5 and 1.4 % respectively .During germination significantly increasing in (CP) (MPI) and (DH) and the maximum values were 25.29, 15.34 and 2.11%respectively after two days, while maximum value was 9.53% for protein solubility after 3 days of germination. While oil content diminished a little and slight inconstant changes were shown in fibers and rest carbohydrates.
The toxic effect of the malathion pesticide on laboratory animals
Authors: K. Sarab S. , T. Rawaa G. , A. Shahla , H. Melad A. , E. Adel H.
Published: November 2021

The research aimed to illustrate enzyme level such as liver and immune enzymes to detect toxic effect of chemical agriculture pesticides as biological indictors to chemical pesticides contamination. 102 laboratory mice were used as a model 20-25gm weight. 30 mice were used to determine LD50 which was 30 mg/mouse. Mice were divided in to three groups according to LD50. After exposed to three different concentration by three ways (Interaperitoneal,Oraly,and Spray). Results showed significant increased in enzymes levels of (ALP), (GOT), (GPT), and (ADA) after 7 days of the three different exposure, while after 14 days there was decreased in enzymes levels of (ADA), (GOT), and(ALP) with increases in (GPT) enzyme: according to use "interaperitoneal injection and spray method'', that companied by the appearance of gross pathological lesions in mice organs represented by hypertrophy of liver and there is many cysts filled with pus which related with increased in pesticide concentration and duration of exposure in addition to bile duct obstruction to some exposed group. The results show the possibility of the adoption of variation in the level of enzymes to give an idea of the type and the impact of the pesticide, which was subjected to the animals.
Evaluation of Modified Oxidase, Cover-Glass Test, Antibiotic Sensitivity for Differentiation of Staphylococcus spp. from Other Related Genera
Authors: Sulaiman Aws Ibrahim Sulaiman , Abdullah Basima Ahmed Abdullah
Published: November 2021

To comparison between modified oxidase, cover-glass, antibiotic sensitivity (Nitrofurantoin,Furazolidone) to evaluate which of them are most useful for differentiation Staphylococcus spp.from other related genera. A total of 115 clinical isolates out of them 38 isolates belongs toStaphylococcus spp. were collected from pus, urine and blood cultures of patients for both genderfrom period March to July 2012 at Al-Salam General Teaching Hospital in Mosul city. All isolateswere diagnosed and identified classically and using API test. The result indicated that Imipenemis highly effective against Staphylococcus spp. and all isolates were negative to modified oxidasetest except one isolate. All other isolates were given good growth under cover-glass test except one.67.5% of isolates were resistant to Nitrofurantoin and 32.5% were sensitive but 21.6% of isolateswere resistant to Furazolidone and 78.4% were sensitive. The above tests are the most tests indifferentiation between Staphylococcus spp. and other related Genera.
تأثير حامض السالسيلك في انتاج الزيوت الطيارة من المزراع النسيجيه لنبات الثوم L sativum Allium خارج الجسم الحي
Authors: Hussin Zainab Salim Hussin , Hussin Zainab Salim Hussin , Mohammed Hashim Kadhim Mohammed
Published: November 2021

أجري البحث لدراسة تأثير اضافة تراكيز مختلفة من حامض السالسيلك )202،220،20،،0220)ملغم/ لتر في انتاج بعض مركباتااليض الثانوي لنبات الثوم .L sativum Allium قدرت مركبات االيض الثانوي بالتحليل الكمي والنوعي بأستعمال جهاز High(HPLC(chromatography liquid performance .حفز الكالس على النشوء من زراعة اجزاء من فصوص الثوم علىNaphthalene ) NAA( لتر /ملغم0.5و 2,4-D (Dichlorophenoxy acetic acid) لتر/ملغم2 بأضافة المدعم MS وسطacid acetic و1ملغم/لتر (BA (adinenine Benzyl وقد استعملت التوليفه نفسها ألدامة الكالس ادت اضافة حامض السالسيلكالى زياده معنويه في معدل الوزن الطري اذ وصل الى 743 ملغم عند تركيز 100 ملغم /لتر من حامض السالسيلك وكذلك زيادةمعنوية في اغلب الزيوت الطيارة مقارنه مع فصوص الثوم.
Antimicrobial Activity of Ethanolic and Watery Extracts to Fruit of Berberis vulagaris on growth of some species of pathogenic bacteria
Authors: Hassan Rana Ali Hassan
Published: November 2021

This study was done to test the activity of watery and alcohol extract of the fruit of Berberisvulagaris against of two species of gram positive bacteria Bacillus cereus and Staphylococcusaureus also ,two species of negative gram bacteria E. coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa by agarwell diffusion method, the results showed that the alcohol extract of the Berberis vulagaris withhigh activity against gram positive and the effect was increase with the increasing of theconcentration. While the watery and alcohol extract has a high effect on gram negative bacteriawhich effect only with high concentration, while there is no effect in low concentration and theresults showed that the alcohol extract of the Berberis vulagaris with high activity against grampositive compare with watery extract. MIC and MBC were measured and the results wereidentical for the previous results, for the effect of both extracts on the growth of gram negativeand positive bacteria HPLC analysis was don for Berberis vulagaris which is quantitative andqualitative assay to measure the concentration of some alkaloid compound Tetrandrine,Chondocurine, bamine, which be with high ratio on Tetrandrine compound 38.42, the rate ofalkaloid compound in fruit of Berberis vulagaris was higher
Detection the Ability of Aspergillus flavus Isolated from Wheat Grains for Aflatoxin B1 Production using RT- PCR
Authors: Ismail Eman Noaman
Published: November 2021

Aspergillus flavus is aflatoxinogenic and potential aflatoxins producers in agriculturalcommodities. The present study was conducted determine the ability of eleven strains of A. flavusisolated from Iraqi wheat grains Triticum aestivum. The isolates have been detected by molecularmethods using Reverse Transcriptase RTPCR. In this study, RNA was extracted from A. flavus,cDNA synthesis and rapid assessment of eleven isolates of A. flavus was accomplished usingprimer pair for the aflatoxin regulatory gene aflR Reverse transcription-Polymerase chainreaction (RT–PCR).Positive amplification was achieved for all the isolates with a molecularweight 798 to aflR1 and 400bp to aflR2. Also the result of the amplification showed there are nodifferences with the two molecular weight between the 11 isolated strains of A. flavus in theiraflatoxin B1 production, but the first strain differed in their banding florescence as comparedwith others strains this reflect the genetic differences in aflatoxin B1 production between them.
تحديد مقاومة عزلة محلية للبكتريا المحبة للحرارة Bacillus stearothermophilus والمعزولة من التربة لبعض العناصر الثقيلة وتأثيراتها الضارة
Authors: Al-khafaji Khlood A. A.
Published: November 2021

يهدف البحث الحالي الى التحري عن مقاومة عزلة محلية محبة للحرارة تعود للنوع  Bacillus  stearothermophilus لبعض العناصر الثقيلة وتحديد التركيز المثبط الادنى لها و درس المحتوى الوراثي لتحديد وجود عناصر وراثية خارج كروموسومية (البلازميدات) وعلاقتها مع المقاومة للعناصر الثقيلة. تم تقييم التأثيرات الضارة لعناصر الزئبق والكروم والكوبلت على شكل ونمو البكتريا وحصول تغييرات على طيف امتصاص الدنا للاطوال الموجية 200-400 نانومتر, كما درس التأثير المطفر لهذه العناصر. وجد ان العزلة المحلية المحبة للحرارة تقاوم تركيز يصل الى 80 ملي مولاري لعناصر الخارصين والمولبيديوم والفضة واظهرت العزلة حساسية تجاه عناصر الزئبق والكروم والكوبلت وقد قدرت قيم التركيز المثبط الادنى للزئبق بتركيز0.004 ملي مولاري وللكروم بتركيز 0.03 ملي مولاري وللكوبلت بتركيز0.007 ملي مولاري وقد بين الترحيل الكهربائي بهلام الاكاروز خلو العزلة المحلية من البلازميدات. ادت تنمية البكتريا بوجود الزئبق والكروم والكوبلت الى حصول تغييرا في اشكال بعض من الخلايا الحية اذ ظهرت الخلايا بشكل كروي او كروي عصوي كما ظهرت بعض الخلايا متكسرة بشكل كبير, وقد تأثر نمو البكتريا بشكل كبير لعناصر الزئبق والكروم حيث لوحظ انخفاض في النمو البكتيري بعد 18 ساعة مقارنة مع مزروع السيطرة بينما ظهر تأثر نمو المزروع المعامل بالكوبلت بصورة اقل وقد ادى استخدام الزئبق والكوبلت الى الحصول على طفرات حساسة للحرارة وبعدد وصل الى 200- 300 خلية بكتيرية طافرة/ مل على التتابع لكل 104 خلية/ مل وعدم ظهور طفرات لمعاملات الكروم. أظهر طيف امتصاص مستخلص الاحماض النووية للاطوال الموجية 200- 400 نانومتر عدم تغير طيف الامتصاص عند استعمال الزئبق وحصول تغير في شكل وامتداد منحني الدنا عند اخذ طيف الامتصاص للمزارع المعاملة بالكروم والكوبلت
دراسة بعض المتغيرات الفسلجية والجزيئية لعقم النساء في محافظة الأنبار- العراق
Authors: Qadury Atekah , Khalif Samir , Sulaiman Ahmed
Published: November 2021

يعد العقم مشكلة صحية عالمية وهي من المشاكل الرئيسية في العديد من البلدان بما في ذلك الشرق الاوسط التي اخذت بالازدياد في الآونة الاخيرة اذ شهد العالم ارتفاعاً في معدلات العقم ولاسيما العقم عند النساء لذا صممت الدراسة لمعرفة اسباب العقم. شملت الدراسة الحالية (100) امرأة مصابة بالعقم في محافظة الانبار تراوحت اعمارهن بين 20-45 سنة من المراجعات لمستشفى الرمادي التعليمي للنسائية والأطفال وبعض العيادات الطبية في عدد من مدن واقضية محافظة الانبار للفترة من أيلول/2013 ولغاية كانون الثاني/2014 بالإضافة الى (40) امرأة سليمة ليس لديهن تاريخ اصابة او دلائل سريرية على اصابة محتملة بالعقم ومطابقات عمرياً للمجموعة المرضية , أوضحت نتائج الدراسة الحالية بأن نسبة العقم الأولي في محافظة الانبار أعلى من العقم الثانوي اذ بلغت (60،40%) على التوالي. كما اشتملت الدراسة اجراء بعض الفحوصات الهرمونية لأفراد عينتي الدراسة تضمنت قياس تركيز هرمون Lotine hormone (LH) و Follicle Stimulation hormone (FSH) و  Prolactin hormone (PRL)و  Testosterone Hormone (Testo)لغرض استبعاد اي عينة تعاني من اضطرابات هرمونية وتبين حدوث ارتفاع معنوي P≤0.05 في تراكيز الهرمونات لدى النساء العقيمات مقارنة بمجموعة السيطرة ، اذ وجد انه من بين الـ(100) امرأة عقيمة 59 (59%) امرأة مصابة باضطرابات هرمونية مختلفة. تم اجراء الدراسة الجزيئية لـ(28) امرأة عقيمة (لا تعاني من اي اضطرابات هرمونية) بالإضافة الى (30) امرأة سليمة من عينة السيطرة كمجموعة مقارنة للكشف عن تعدد الاشكال والاضطرابات التي قد تطرأ على الجين اروماتيزCYP19A1 باستخدام زوج من البادئات المتخصصة المصممة اثناء الدراسة  للجين المذكور لغرض تحديد علاقته بالعقم غير المفسر عند النساء وتبين حدوث الاضطرابات في 25 (89.3%) عينة من النساء العقيمات تراوحت بين غياب حزم البادئ او ظهورها بحجم يختلف عن الحجم المتوقع في حين لم تظهر مجموعة السيطرة اي اضطرابات للجين المذكور.
Camellia sinensis (Green Tea) Mediated Synthesis of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles and Detect its Antibacterial Activity against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Acinetobacter baumannii
Authors: Al-Ogaidi Israa Ali Zaidan
Published: November 2021

In the current study, synthesis and characterization of Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) and its application as anti-pathogenic bacteria were investigated.  ZnO which has been prepared by using aqueous of green tea leaves extract (Camellia sinensis) as a reducing agent. The wavelength range was measured by Ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis) for monitoring the formation of the nanoparticles, which showed sharp peak at 360 nm. The average size and shape of the nanoparticles were detected by using Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) which was 88 nm with spherical shape. Fourier transform–infrared (FTIR). FT-IR spectra was documented for the ZnO nanoparticles synthesized by green tea extract to detect the biomolecules involved in the synthesis process. The antibacterial activity of crystal Zinc Oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles was explored against pathogenic bacteria that included Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Acinetobacter baumannii. The antibacterial test was conducted in solid media using different concentrations of ZnO and disk diffusion method, 100 µg/ml presented the best antibacterial activity, and further studies on the damage of bacterial genomic DNA of Escherichia coli and Acinetobacter baumannii were carried out using gel electrophoresis exposed the DNA fragment bands, this activity may be caused by the interactions between the surface charge of cell and nanoparticles. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) properties of the particles might disturb cell wall and great antimicrobial action
Genetic Variation in Leptin Receptor Gene in Diabetic and Non-Diabetic Obese Subjects from Erbil City
Authors: Mustafa Suhad A.
Published: November 2021

There have been numerous genetic causes of obesity specifically leptin, genetic variants of the leptin receptor gene (LEPR Gln223Arg) which appeared to be polymorphismized (A>G; rs1137101) have been implicated in the pathogenesis of obesity in several populations, although no association has been evidenced in other regions in the world. In this study, the association between LEPR Gln223Arg polymorphism with Body Mass Index (BMI) and plasma leptin levels in obese diabetic and obese non-diabetic adults who are randomly selected from Erbil city is evaluated. Blood samples were collected for DNA extraction, and plasma leptin measurements. LEPR (A > G; rs1137101) genotypes were identified by a PCR- RFLP. The results show that plasma leptin concentrations increased with body mass index, and in obese diabetic group was more than  two-fold increases p=0.001 when compared to those of obese non-diabetic patients. LEPR (A > G; rs1137101) gene polymorphisms did not found associated with BMI in the whole studied population. Furthermore an increased frequency of the GG genotype in the female control group 32.1 compared to obese group 19.2, but the frequency did not significant (OR= 1.38: 95% CI; 0.74-2.03, P=0.07 ) which indicated that this genotype might be associated with a protective effect against obesity in female only and that this effect was independent of diabetes. Further analysis of a larger population is required to confirm the biological relevance of this polymorphism for obesity in the Kurdish population.
The Response of Leaf Miner Liriomyza trifolii to Cowpea Vigna spp Plant
Authors: AL-Ghadban Zahraa E. , Najim Sammer , Alnahawandy Shaymaa
Published: November 2021

This study was conducted in a field located at Department of Biology/College of Sciences/University of Baghdad, from the period  between  the Mid of August to the second half  of October 2015, in order to study the population density of cowpea leaf miner on California Ramshorn cowpea and local varieties (Bayader) and their natural enemies.  The result showed fluctuation of the population density for Liriomyza trifolii on the American variety. Two peaks for population density were shown and  the second was higher than the first. The highest population density was 6.5 leaf miner/ leaf while the lowest was 0.7 leaf miner/leaf at the beginning of sampling. For the local variety, three peaks were recorded. The first was the highest with 2.61leaf miner/leaf and the lowest was 0.2 leaf miner/leaf. Population density of insect was higher on American variety has higherthan the local variety in its protein content which reached to 24.3%. Two hymenopteran parasites Pediobius matallicus and Diglyphus isaaea belong to the family Eulophidae were recorded on L. trifolii. This study, the first was conducted on the leaf miner on this host plant.
إنتاج بروتين أحادي الخلية من مخلفات نبات الثيلL. Cynodon dactylon باستخدام بكتريا Bacillus cereus والفطر Fusarium solani
Authors: Abood Mohammed , Al-rawii Dhafer , Hamzah Haider
Published: November 2021

يشير مصطلح البروتين أﹸحادي الخلية إلى البروتين المستخلص من المزارع الميكروبية. درس إنتاج البروتين أﹸحادي الخلية باستعمال مخلفات نبات الثيلCynodon dactylon L. وبأستخدام الفطر Fusarium solani والبكتريا Bacillus cereus كلقاح مختلط. أظهرت النتائج ان افضل إنتاج للكتلة الحيوية كان عند الاس الهيدروجيني 7.5 وبأستخدام حجم لقاح  0.5 مل/100 مل وسط بكثافة البكتريا 52× 108خلية/مل و عدد الفطر(105 كونيدة/مل)، فيما كان افضل تركيز للمصدر الكربوني هو 4% الذي أعطى اعلى كتلة حيوية بدلالة الوزن الجاف، وتم الحصول على افضل إنتاج للكتلة الحيوية بعد مدة حضن 8 أيام، وكان الإنتاج النهائي من البروتين أﹸحادي الخلية بدلالة الوزن الجاف 81.5 غم/1000 مل كتلة حيوية. قدرت مكونات البروتين أﹸحادي الخلية المنتج وكانت النسبة المئوية للبروتين (28%) ونسبة الكاربوهيدرات 17% والدهون 2.46% والرماد 31.66%، وكان تركيز العناصر الرئيسية هي للفسفور 42 ملغم/لتر، والصوديوم 29 ملغم/لتر وبلغ تركيز البوتاسيوم 35 ملغم/لتر، فيما كانت النسبة المئوية DNA 2% والـ RNA 1.64%، اما السمية فقد بينت الفحوصات خلو البروتين المنتج من سموم الافلاتوكسين Aflatoxin وكانت نسبة  Ochratoxin و T-2 Toxin هي 10.6 و 122.9 جزء بالمليون على التوالي، وكان مجموع تراكيز الأحماض الأمينية الموجودة في المنتج 84.74 ملغم/100غم واحتوى البروتين الميكروبي على بعض الأحماض الأمينية الأساسية وهي Cysteine، Leucine، Lysine، Methionine،  Phenylalanine، Tyrosine، Valine و Threonine. أشار البحث إلى إمكانية استعمال نظام المزارع المختلطة من الفطريات والبكتريا في إنتاج البروتين أحادي الخلية، بالإضافة لذلك أشار تحليل البروتين المنتج ان له قيمة غذائية وبالتالي فان بالإمكان استعماله كعلف حيواني وربما يتم اعتباره مادة اساس لتوليد الطاقة.
استخلاص وتنقية انزيم اليورييز من بكتريا Proteus mirabilis
Authors: Ali Entesar Hussain , Dawud Hadeel Hameed
Published: November 2021

حصل على العزلة البكتيرية من الاشخاص المصابين  بالحروق من مستشفى الإمام علي في مدينة الصدر  وبعد ان شخصت مظهريا ومجهريا  بجهاز Vitek  ومن ثم اثبتت قدرتها على انتاج  اليورييز باستخدام وسط الإنتاج الزرعي مرق اللوريا Luria broth  لانه وسط مناسب لتنمية خلايا البكتريا واستخلاص الانزيم ثم اجريت عمليات تنقية للانزيم تضمنت الترسيب بكبريتات الامونيوم كخطوة تنقية اولية، ثم التبادل الايوني, والترشيح الهلامي ثم حددت فعالية الانزيم لكل خطوة تنقية. وقد اظهرت نتائج تنقية  اليورييز المستخلص من عزلة Proteus mirabilis  باستخدام كبريتات الامونيوم ان الفعالية النوعية كانت4.71  وحدة/ملغم, وان افضل نسبة اشباع كانت 60%, وعدد مرات التنقية والحصيلة الانزيميةهما 3.5و %14.6على التوالي. وظهرت نتائج التنقية باستخدام عمود التبادل الايوني -Cellulose DEAE ان الفعالية النوعية كانت 12.29 وحدة/ملغم, وعدد مرات التنقية والحصيلة الإنزيمية 9.2و8  % على التوالي بينما كانت الفعالية النوعية15.1 وحدة/ملغم وعدد مرات التنقية والحصيلة الانزيمية 11.27,   14% على التوالي باستخدام عمود الترشيح الهلامي.
Treatment of Waste Paper Using Ultrasound and Sodium Hydroxide for Bioethanol Production
Authors: Saeed Osama F. , Abdulkareem Rafid , Muallah Shatha
Published: November 2021

Bioethanol produced from lignocellulose feedstock is a renewable substitute to declining fossil fuels. Pretreatment using ultrasound assisted alkaline was investigated to enhance the enzyme digestibility of waste paper. The pretreatment was conducted over a wide range of conditions including waste paper concentrations of 1-5%, reaction time of 10-30 min and temperatures of 30-70°C. The optimum conditions were 4 % substrate loading with 25 min treatment time at 60°C where maximum reducing sugar obtained was 1.89 g/L. Hydrolysis process was conducted with a crude cellulolytic enzymes produced by Cellulomonas uda (PTCC 1259).The maximum amount of sugar released and hydrolysis efficiency were 20.92 g/L and 78.4 %, respectively. Sugars released from waste paper were fermented into bioethanol with Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The maximum concentration of bioethanol estimated was 9.5 g/L after 48h of cultivation, the yield and volumetric productivity were 0.454 g/g glucose and 0.2g bioethanol/ L h. respectively. This study of ultrasound and sodium hydroxide treatment may be (we think) it will be a promising technique to develop bioethanol production from waste paper.
The effect of cell-free supernatant (CFS) of Escherichia coli on human sperm motility
Authors: AL-Janabi Mohammed Hashim , Al-Ahmed Hazim I. , Thabit Zaid A.
Published: November 2021

Escherichia coli were isolated from vaginal and cervical samples during vaginal examination. Fifteen semen samples have been gathered through masturbation after three days of sexual abstinence. The Cell-Free Supernatant (CFS) of Escherichia has been collected by removing the cells from overnight broth cultures and filtered. The effect of (CFS) of Escherichia coli on spermatozoa motility was determined by using Earl’s balanced solution to prepare1:2 to 1:16 dilutions of CSF. Results conducted there was a significant difference in the count number of motile spermatozoa in 15 seminal fluid samples after  being treated with CSF at the dilutions1:2 (p≤0.05) ,1:4 (p≤0.05) and 1:8(p≤0.05). The experiment showed a successive significant  increase  in the count number of motile sperms compatible with the lowering concentration of CSF until the count number of  motile sperms reached the highest in the fourth dilution 1:16 ( P≥0.05)  . This demonstrates the real effect of CSF on the vitality and activity of sperm. On the other hand, the study showed that the Escherichia Coli, causing genital tract infection, could have a bad effect on the motility and transportation of men’s spermatozoa and might be responsible for infertility.
An investigation of risk factors associated with respiratory syncytial virus infection in a sample of infants and young children from baghdad
Authors: Ali Suha Hanoon , Al-Shuwaikh Arwa Mujahid Abdullah , Arif Hala Sameh
Published: November 2021

Background: Human Respiratory Syncytial virus (hRSV) is one of the major causes of viral respiratory tract infection in infants and young children.

Aim of study:  The aim of this study was to determine the risk factors associated with hRSV infection.

Objective: This study included 100 hospitalized infants and young children with chest infection (39 female and 61 male) aged from (1) to (24) months, their mean age (6.87) months.

Material and methods:  Nasopharyngeal/throat swabs specimens were collected over a three-month winter period from January to April, 2017. hRSV was determined by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).

Results:  The highest percentage of hRSV RNA (56.81%) was observed in the age group less than 6 months, followed by (27.27%) and (15.91%) in the age group 6-12 months and 12-24 months, respectively, which mean that (84%) of hRSV infections were under 12 months of age. Regarding the type of feeding, about (84%) of hRSV infections were positive in patients with bottle feeding which indicated that the role of breastfeeding in preventing hRSV infection and hospitalization is undisputed, Results showed that there was no significant association between these risk factors and the occurrence of hRSV infection (P˃ 0.05).

Conclusion:  The hRSV-RNA is equally distributed between patients exposed and not exposed to smoking (50%).
Green synthesized of silver nanoparticles and study their properties and applications
Authors: Radifand Hala M. , Al-Bahrani Rusol M.
Published: November 2021

Nanotechnology involved tinkering to make important materials at atomic levels, manipulating and modifying substances 1, 00, 000 times smaller than a strand of human hair. It is expected that nanotechnology will revolutionize society as well as science. It involves one billionth of a meter of technology. The term (NANO) has been derived from the Greek word (Dwarf)[1].Nanotechnology is foreseen to significant influence science, economy and everyday life in twenty one century and it may become one of the driving forces to the next industrial revolution. Nanoparticles of Silver have many useful applications included spectrally selective coating for solar energy absorption and intercalation material for electrical batteries, as optical receptors
Tumor necrosis factor alpha as a potential marker for prostate cancer
Authors: Ali M. S. , Al-Rubaei Salwa H. , Ahmed Najwa S.
Published: November 2021

Background: Prostate cancer is currently the most common cause of cancer death in men. The exact cause of developing prostate cancer is not known though inflammation, ageing, ethnicity and heredity are important factors involved in the initiation and development of this cancer.

Aim of study : The aim of this study to determine the levels of prostate specific antigen (PSA), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), testosterone (T) and dihydrotestosterone (DHT) in sera of thirty patients with prostate cancer (PCa), thirty patients with benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) and in thirty health volunteers, T/DHT ratio was also calculated.

Result: There was a significant increase in the levels of PSA, TNF-α, T and T/DHT ratio in PCa as well as BPH patients compared to the controls. There was a significant decrease in DHT levels in both PCa and BPH compared to the controls.

Conclusion: TNF-α could serve as a potential marker for the diagnosis of PCa.
Hepatoprotactive activity of Ruta chalepensis ethanolic extract and histo-architecture of liver on CCL4 damaged albino male mice
Authors: Khalaf Hadeel Mohamed
Published: November 2021

Medicines derivative from  plants  broadly famous owing to  their  safety, obtainability  and  little Leaves, roots,  bark, kernels  and  florae of  plant  are mostly prepared that included herbal medicines.  They are administered orally, inhaled or directly applied in the skin. Ruta chalepensis is take on in the outdated medicine of many countries as a natural herb of the Mediterranean region. Pharmacological properties responsible by using phytochemical screening has shown the attendance of bioactive molecules price. The current study meant to investigate the effect of R. chalepensis ethanolic extract on liver function enzyme (Aspartate Amino-Transferase (AST), Alanine Amino-Transferase (ALT) and Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) and histological examination of liver section. Obtained showed the ability of plant extract to protect liver from any xenobiotics and provided protection against CCL4 damage on albino male mice.
Random response of a simple system with stochastic uncertainty and noise in parameters
Authors: Náprstek Jiří , Fischer Cyril
Published: November 2021

The paper is concerned with the analysis of the simultaneous effect of a random perturbation and white noise in the coefficient of the system on its response. The excitation of the system of the 1st order is described by the sum of a deterministic signal and additive white noise, which is partly correlated with a parametric noise. The random perturbation in the parameter is considered statistics in a set of realizations. It reveals that the probability density of these perturbations must be limited in the phase space, otherwise the system would lose the stochastic stability in probability, either immediately or after a certain time. The width of the permissible zone depends on the intensity of the parametric noise, the extent of correlation with the additive excitation noise, and the type of probability density. The general explanation is demonstrated on cases of normal, uniform, and truncated normal probability densities.
Solutions to enhance technology in the fabrication process and installation of marine pipelines
Authors: Sakhno Konstantin Nickolaevich , Do Tat Manh , Bui Sy Hoang , Tsaloev Vladimir Muratovich , Saadati Peyvand Ahmad , Lapeko Fedor Aleksandrovich , Vu Van Tuyen
Published: November 2021

The article describes possible solutions of the problem connected with shortening shipbuilding construction time as well as reducing production costs. To reduce the total amount of labour involved in the manufacture and installation of ship piping systems, which is 20% compared to the total labour volume of shipbuilding, authors provide the research on the possibility of manufacturing straight pipe sections with permissible deviations in combination with free flanges, analysis of deviation compensation for pipelines through the use of straight pipe sections manufactured with permissible tolerance and proposing new theoretical solutions to improve manufacturing and installing ship piping systems. Introduction of these technologies contributes to reduction of cycles of building and decrease in labour-intensiveness of pipeline works when carrying out marine orders. The chart of modeling the system of pipelines is presented. A straight pipe manufactured with an allowable deflection on a flat support and a loose flange attached to the end of the welded pipe are shown. The scheme of a permissible deviation α at mounting the connections between pipes is considered. The possibility of assembling curved pipelines using straight pipe sections is described in detail. The compensation zone is illustrated using the rotation of two pairs of deflected straight pipes. A block diagram of the application of research results in manufacturing and mounting a pipeline system has been developed
Studying reliability of marine pump systems by using technical supervision data
Authors: Moseyko Evgeniy Sergeevich , Olkhovik Evgeniy Olegovich
Published: November 2021

The article describes the analysis of the ship systems’ reliability at the stage of the technical design, which is based on the reliability data of individual system elements and mathematical methods of reliability theory. During the ship operation maintenance deficiencies can lead to the equipment failure, which can be prevented by the methods of instrumental diagnostics of system elements, maintenance repairs regardless of the current technical condition, and classification inspection during the ship operation. Collecting the detailed data on changes in the functional reliability of ship mechanical systems, which could confirm or deny the advantages of each of the existing methods is not enough. There has been carried out collecting, processing and analyzing the actual data on the life cycles of various pumps of ship systems at different stages of service life, as well as beyond the designated service life or operating time. There are examined the general ship systems and auxiliary power units of icebreakers and floating structures. The examined equipment has standard pumps with different capacity and efficiency. Service life, assigned resource (operating time), frequency of repair are taken as the criteria of pump reliability and durability. There have been shown the actual life cycles of pumps in dependence of the service life in years on the operating time in hours; in addition, data on the passage of maintenance repairs, maintenance, inspection of the technical condition, as well as replacement or extension of the service life are plotted on the graphs. It has been inferred that some of the pumps in the ship's systems should be replaced before the full resource was developed, while the performance of the systems as a whole was preserved or restored as a result of repairs; some pumps have exceeded their specified resource, but during the technical inspection their operation was extended, the operability of the systems was also preserved.
Romanenko N. G. Increasing efficiency of ship cables defectation
Authors: Golovko Sergey Vladimirovich , Golovko Julia Aleksandrovna , Nadeev Maksim Almansurovich , Romanenko Nikolay Gennadievich
Published: November 2021

The ship power supply system is a complex system that supplies electrical energy to various mechanisms and devices using wires and cables. The reliability of power supply largely depends on the technical condition of the cable lines. During operation, cable lines are regularly exposed to mechanical stress, both from external factors and from people. Some of the most common causes of cable damage are: aging insulation, overvoltage, thermal stress, boat vibration, and corrosion and moisture. Leaving the operating state of the cable line can lead to emergencies. A cable with damaged insulation can cause an electric arc with a metal object. If several phases of a cable with damaged insulation, then when they touch, a phase-to-phase short circuit occurs, as a result of which a large amount of heat is released, from which the cable insulation and other nearby combustible materials can ignite. There is considered the principle of operation of DIPCEL (a device for diagnosing ship cables) and shown its main disadvantages in determining the aging and moisture indicators of cable insulation. It is proposed to use the absorption coefficient for increasing the efficiency of measuring the ship’s cable insulation moisture. For insulating materials, in which the absorption current decreases rapidly, resistance measurements should be taken after 15 sec and 60 sec. The absorption coefficient is defined by measuring the ratio of a sixty-second insulation resistance to a fifteen-second resistance. If the value of the obtained coefficient is less than 1.25, then the insulation is unsatisfactory; if the value is within 1.25 - 1.6, than the insulation is normal, if more than 1.6 - the insulation is excellent
Thomist Advice to Christian Philosophers
Authors: Di Ceglie Roberto
Published: November 2021

In Advice to Christian philosophers (1984) Alvin Plantinga suggested that Christians who propose to be philosophers should not limit themselves to being philosophers who happen, incidentally, to be Christians. Instead, they should develop a Christian philosophy. From this, however, a problem followed, which is still seen as a reason to deny that a Christian philosophy is possible. It seems implausible that the outcome of the interaction between faith and philosophy is, really, philosophy and not merely theology. Plantinga did not deal with this problem. Unlike him, thinkers of various orientations, especially scholars of Thomas Aquinas, had discussed it during the French querelle in the 1930s. In this article, I argue that they did not solve this problem because they did not examine the relationship between faith and philosophy by considering what faith requires in order to relate to reason. Instead, this consideration was suggested by Plantinga’s Advice and, long before, it had been developed in detail by Thomas Aquinas. It is, therefore, time to propose Thomist Advice to Christian Philosophers.
Pertimbangan Anestesi Perioperatif untuk Pasien Bedah Saraf dengan Covid-19
Authors:   Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Padjadjaran/Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital Bandung, Indonesia, Yulianti Bisri Dewi , Bisri Tatang
Published: November 2021

The novel coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) emerged in Wuhan, Hubei province China, in December 2019, and spread fast to all the world more than 190 countries. Patients should be screened for covid-19 using a combination of history, computed tomography (CT) chest, and real time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) testing depending on institutional policies. Neurological symptom as dizziness, headache, hypogeusia and hyposmia, common (36%) at covid-19 patient. Encephalopaty and changed mental status exist in patient infected by SARS-CoV-2 virus. Cerebrovascular diseases more in severe covid-19; acute ischemic stroke had reported in 5.7% and altered level of consciousnes in 15% patient. Surgical measuremet cranial and spinal rutine is safe, endoscopic endonasal surgery not safe and must be avoided. Extubation after general anesthesia if possible do air negative pressure room, and personil still use personal protection equipment (PPE) level 3. Must be avoid patient cough during extubation. After extubation, give oxygen nasal canule, surgical mask, and high flow oxygen (give <6 L/min) avoided given the risk of aerosolization
Manajemen Anestesi pada Pasien dengan Tumor Regio Pineal yang Menjalani Kraniotomi Pengangkatan Tumor dengan Posisi Duduk
Authors:   Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Pelita Harapan Tangerang Indonesia, Widiastuti, Monika , Yulianti Bisri Dewi ,   Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Padjadjaran/Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital Bandung, Indonesia, Harahap M. Sofyan ,   Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Diponegoro/Dr. Kariadi General Hospital Semarang, Indonesia, Gaus Syafruddin ,   Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Hasanuddin/Dr.  Dr. Wahidin Makassar, Indonesia
Published: November 2021

Incidence of pineal regio tumor is 0.4-1% of intracranial tumors. Its location which is buried between two cerebral hemispheres, close to brainstem and hypothalamus become a difficult challenge for the neurosurgeon. Surgery with supracerebellar approach in sitting position is the best method to access the lesion. Sitting position also facilitates the optimal visual field with minimal retractions. However, for anesthesiologist, sitting position is challenging since it has its own complexities during positioning the patient and the risk of complications. Venous air embolism is one of the main concern and if not detected early and treated appropriately would leads to cardiovascular collapse instantly. This is a case of a 38-year-old male with chief complaint of severe headache and blurred vision started 4 months before admission. The Magnetic Resonance Imaging showed a pineal region tumor with perifocal edema, without midline deviation. The patient underwent craniotomy tumor removal with sitting position. The procedure lasted for 10 hours and uneventful. The principle of ABCDE neuroanesthesia, sitting position and its implications, and difficult tumor location are some anesthesia considerations for this patient. A thorough preoperative evaluation, good communication and coordination between surgery and anesthesia team are needed for a smooth uneventful procedure performed in sitting position.
Abolitionist John Brown's Treason against the Commonwealth of Virginia: A Lesson for State Governments about the Culpability of Non-Residents for Treason against the State
Authors: Beckman James A.
Published: November 2021

This article analyzes the specific issue of whether an individual could be tried for treason by a State government if that individual is not a resident or citizen of that State. This issue is analyzed through the prism of the landmark case of John Brown v. Commonwealth of Virginia, a criminal prosecution which occurred in October 1859. Brown, a resident of New York, was convicted of treason against the Commonwealth of Virginia, insurrection, and murder after he attempted to overthrow the institution of slavery by force on October 16–18, 1859. After a prosecution and trial which occurred within a matter of weeks following Brown's crimes, Brown was executed on December 2, 1859. To this day, John Brown's trial and execution remains one of the leading examples of a State government exercising its power to enforce treason law on the State level and to execute an individual for that offense. Of course, the John Brown case had a major impact on American history, including being a significant factor in the presidential election of 1860 and an often-cited spark to the powder keg of tensions between the Northern and Southern States, which would erupt into a raging conflagration between the North and South in the American Civil War a short eighteen months later. However, in the legal realm, the Brown case is one of the leading and best-known examples of a state government exercising its authority to enforce its laws prohibiting treason against the State. The purpose of this article is not to discuss treason laws generally or even all the issues applicable to John Brown's trial in 1859. Rather, this article focuses only on the very specific issue of the culpability of a non-resident/non-citizen for treason against a State government. With the increased array of hostile actions against State governments in recent years, and criminal actors crossing state lines to commit these hostile acts, this article discusses an issue of importance to contemporary society, namely whether an individual can be prosecuted and convicted for treason by a State of which the defendant is not a citizen or resident.
DAMPAK KEBIJAKAN PEMERINTAH TERHADAP DAYA SAING KOMODITAS BAWANG MERAH DI KABUPATEN MAJALENGKA
Authors: Rahmadona Lola , Fariyanti Anna , Burhanuddin Burhanuddin
Published: November 2021

Bawang merah adalah salah satu komoditas yang bernilai tinggi sehingga banyak petani yang membudidayakannya. Namun Indonesia masih tetap sebagai pengimpor bawang merah. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis dampak kebijakan pemerintah terhadap pertanian bawang merah di Kabupaten Majalengka. Data telah dianalisis dengan metode Policy Analysis Matrix (PAM) untuk menentukan dampak dari kebijakan tersebut. Sebanyak 37 petani dipilih sebagai responden dengan menggunakan teknik purposive sampling. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa budidaya bawang merah di kabupaten Majalengka secara finansial menguntungkan, tetapi secara ekonomi tidak menguntungkan. Analisis kebijakan pemerintah terhadap output memberikan perlindungan terhadap harga bawang merah. Sementara itu, kebijakan pemerintah terhadap input masih merupakan disinsentif bagi petani. Petani bawang merah harus membayar lebih mahal dari yang seharusnya. Tetapi secara bersamaan, kebijakan pemerintah tentang input dan output masih mendukung produksi bawang merah di negara ini.
EVALUASI KINERJA RANTAI PASOK KOMODITAS STEVIA PADA KOPERASI NUSANTARA KIAT LESTARI
Authors: Hasan Sidik Mohamad Fahri
Published: November 2021

Koperasi Nusantara Kiat Lestari (NUKITA) is an agribusiness unit that founded in 2005. NUKITA provides a place for Mulyasari Farmers which is the supplier of stevia raw materials. NUKITA has a role in processing raw material of stevia into a processed product and marketing process. The aim of the research is to find out the stevia’s supply chain process in NUKITA related to item flow, information flow, and financial flow, also to find out the performance evaluation of Stevia’s Supply Chain in NUKITA measured by Balance Scorecard. This research is studied using qualitative research method with descriptive analysis. The result of this research indicates that there are several parties involved in stevia’s supply chain, they are: farmers, Mulyasari Farmer, NUKITA, and consumers. All of the flow contained in stevia’s supply chain is always through NUKITA due to the cooperation that has been agreed between Mulyasari Farmer and NUKITA. The measurement of stevia’s supply chain performance at NUKITA based on financial, customer, internal business process, and learning and growth perspective resulted NUKITA’s main problem exist in the uncertain market and stevia industry. In addition, NUKITA’s stevia business hasn’t been profitable because of the turnover and continuity of product production is still constrained. However, NUKITA has a crucial role in preserving the varieties of stevia Cibodas Manis 3 and empowering Mulyasari Farmer.