bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
MicroRNA-145 Involves in the Pathogenesis of Renal Vascular Lesions and May Become a Potential Therapeutic Target in Patients with Juvenile Lupus Nephritis
Authors: Cai Zhaomin , Xiang Wei , Peng Xiaojie , Ding Yan , Liao Wang , He Xiaojie
Published: August 2019

Aims: The current study was conducted with the central objective of investigating the expression of microRNA-145 (miR-145) in renal vascular lesions (RVLs) in juvenile lupus nephritis (JLN) and its possible mechanism. Methods: The clinical data of 49 JLN patients confirmed by renal biopsy were collected and followed by grouping according to the RVLs score after hematoxylin-eosin staining: mild, moderate, and severe groups. In situ hybridization was used to detect the expression of miR-145 in renal vessels which was then being compared among different RVLs groups. Up-LV-miR-145 and LV-miR-NC lentiviral vectors were constructed and transfected into human vascular smooth muscle cells (HVSMCs), respectively. After HVSMCs were treated with 10.0 µg/L platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-BB for 24 h, the proliferation, migration, and apoptosis of endothelial cells were detected by MTT, Transwell assay, and flow cytometry, respectively. Western blot was used to detect expression of alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SM-actin) and osteopontin (OPN). Results: The expression of miR-145 in renal vascular cells was statistically significant. The higher the inner membrane ratio, the lesser the miR-145 expression. After treatment with PDGF-BB, expression of miR-145 in HVSMCs decreased, proliferation and migration ability enhanced, apoptosis decreased, α-SM-actin decreased, and OPN increased. The proliferation and migration ability of HVSMCs in the LV-miR-145 group suppressed, apoptosis enhanced, α-SM-actin increased, and OPN decreased. Conclusions: Our study revealed that miR-145 expression decreased with the increase of vascular damage. miR-145 can inhibit proliferation, migration, and differentiation phenotypic transformation of HVSMCs induced by PDGF-BB. miR-145 may be involved in the pathogenesis of RVLs and may be a new target for treatment of RVLs in lupus nephritis.
Elevated Triglycerides (≥150 mg/dL) and High Triglycerides (200–499 mg/dL) Are Significant Predictors of Hospitalization for New-Onset Kidney Disease: A Real-World Analysis of High-Risk Statin-Treated Patients
Authors: Toth Peter P. , Philip Sephy , Hull Michael , Granowitz Craig
Published: August 2019

Background: Dyslipidemia in kidney disease (KD) involves increased levels of triglycerides (TG) and TG-rich lipoproteins, with only minor changes in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. The increasing prevalence of diabetic KD and the shared atherogenic lipid profile between KD and diabetes underscore the importance of understanding dyslipidemia in these patients. Previous studies suggest an association between elevated TG and new-onset KD. Additional data are needed to better define the relationship between hypertriglyceridemia and new-onset KD. Objective: To evaluate the real-world impact of elevated and high TG on risk of KD in high-risk statin-treated patients. Methods: This retrospective administrative claims analysis of the Optum Research Database included statin-treated patients (age ≥45 years) with diabetes and/or atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease who were followed for ≥6 months. Cohorts included patients with elevated TG (≥150 mg/dL; n = 27,471) or high TG (200–499 mg/dL; subgroup of elevated TG cohort; n = 13,411), and a comparator cohort (TG <150 mg/dL and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol >40 mg/dL; n = 32,506). The probability of hospitalization for new-onset KD was calculated post hoc from multivariate analyses controlled for patient characteristics and comorbidities using a Cox proportional hazards model. Results: The rate of hospitalization for new-onset KD was 31% higher in the elevated-TG cohort (hazard ratio [HR], 1.311; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.228–1.401; p < 0.001) and 45% higher in the high-TG cohort (HR, 1.451; 95% CI, 1.339–1.572; p < 0.001) compared with the respective comparator cohorts. Conclusions: In a real-world analysis of statin-treated patients with high cardiovascular risk, both elevated TG (≥150 mg/dL) and high TG (200–499 mg/dL) were significant predictors of hospitalization for new-onset KD, identifying hypertriglyceridemia as a potential KD risk factor.
Impact of Cerebral Small Vessel Disease on Functional Recovery After Intracerebral Hemorrhage
Authors: Uniken Venema Simone M. , Marini Sandro , Lena Umme K. , Morotti Andrea , Jessel Michael , Moomaw Charles J. , Kourkoulis Christina , Testai Fernando D. , Kittner Steven J. , Brouwers H. Bart , James Michael L. , Woo Daniel , Anderson Christopher D. , Rosand Jonathan
Published: August 2019

Background and Purpose—

In this study, we aim to investigate the association of computed tomography–based markers of cerebral small vessel disease with functional outcome and recovery after intracerebral hemorrhage.

Methods—

Computed tomographic scans of patients in the ERICH study (Ethnic and Racial Variations of Intracerebral Hemorrhage) were evaluated for the extent of leukoaraiosis and cerebral atrophy using visual rating scales. Poor functional outcome was defined as a modified Rankin Scale (mRS) of ≥3. Multivariable logistic and linear regression models were used to explore the associations of cerebral small vessel disease imaging markers with poor functional outcome at discharge and, as a measure of recovery, change in mRS from discharge to 90 days poststroke.

Results—

After excluding in-hospital deaths, data from 2344 patients, 583 (24.9%) with good functional outcome (mRS of 0–2) at discharge and 1761 (75.1%) with poor functional outcome (mRS of 3–5) at discharge, were included. Increasing extent of leukoaraiosis (
P
for trend, 0.01) and only severe (grade 4) global atrophy (odds ratio, 2.02; 95% CI, 1.22–3.39,
P
=0.007) were independently associated with poor functional outcome at discharge. Mean (SD) mRS change from discharge to 90-day follow-up was 0.57 (1.18). Increasing extent of leukoaraiosis (
P
for trend, 0.002) and severe global atrophy (β [SE], −0.23 [0.115];
P
=0.045) were independently associated with less improvement in mRS from discharge to 90 days poststroke.

Conclusions—

In intracerebral hemorrhage survivors, the extent of cerebral small vessel disease at the time of intracerebral hemorrhage is associated with poor functional outcome at hospital discharge and impaired functional recovery from discharge to 90 days poststroke.
Environmental History in the JIH, 1970–2020
Authors: Epstein Steven A.
Published: August 2019

Over the last five decades since the first Earth Day, the JIH and environmental history, one newborn and the other already well established, have evolved within the broader context of climate change and the human reaction to it. Two of the JIH’s special issues, “History and Climate” (1980) and the “Little Ice Age: Climate and History Reconsidered” (2014), serve as bookends for an examination of how the journal responded to the latest scientific and historical findings. No other area of research requires interdisciplinary methods from so many branches of learning as does environmental history. Articles published in the JIH during the 1980s and thereafter reveal the advances in both climate research and environmental history that testify to the journal’s influence. All signs point to a vigorous and continuing role for the JIH in keeping these subjects at the forefront of an interdisciplinary endeavor ranging across the entire planet and its deep history.
A Conversation with Annette Michelson
Authors: Dimendberg Edward
Published: August 2019

Film scholar Edward Dimendberg spoke to Annette Michelson in July 2014 for a series of interviews sponsored by the Getty Research Institute. In their conversation, which is published for the first time here, Michelson discusses her first encounters with North American avant-garde film, the early days of Anthology Film Archives, and such figures as Jonas Mekas, P. Adams Sitney, Peter Kubelka, Yvonne Rainer, Hollis Frampton, Michael Snow, Stan Brakhage, Hans Richter, Harry Smith, Jack Smith, Marcel Duchamp, Joyce Wieland, Agnès Varda, Richard Serra, and Marguerite Duras, among others.
Letters from Paris
Authors: Bois Yve-Alain
Published: August 2019

From 1957 to 1964, Annette Michelson wrote over seventy-five columns and reviews from Paris for the International Herald Tribune, Arts Magazine, and Art International. As Yve-Alain Bois demonstrates, Michelson's subject matter as an art critic during this time was varied, but her tone remained consistent and inimitable, characterized by erudition, irony, and attention to formal detail. Bois quotes from her self-confident appraisals of contemporary painting, traces her burgeoning interest in film, and highlights her particular interest in sculpture, from Daumier's modeled busts to Matisse's small bronze nudes to Tinguely's kinetic machines.
Picture Planes
Authors: Bordwell David
Published: August 2019

David Bordwell argues that Annette Michelson's impact on film criticism was comparable to Andrew Sarris's. In unearthing the strategies or “schema” regularly used by critics to interpret avant-garde films, he shows that Michelson pioneered an innovative understanding of modernist art as being about human perception and cognition. This new interpretive paradigm proved hugely influential, in part due to Michelson's institutional roles as teacher, translator, and editor.
Beginnings
Authors: Krauss Rosalind
Published: August 2019

Rosalind Krauss remembers a trip to the caves of Ruffignac, Les Combarelles, and Pech Merle in France with Annette Michelson, made to celebrate the tenth anniversary of October magazine, which the two had founded in 1976. Krauss describes the significance of Michelson's interest in paleontology and her important translation of two chapters of André Leroi-Gerhoun's Prehistory of Western Art (published in October 37).
Synoptic Features Responsible for Heat Waves in Central Africa, a Region with Strong Multidecadal Trends
Authors: Hu Lisuo , Luo Jing-Jia , Huang Gang , Wheeler Matthew C.
Published: August 2019

Central Africa (CA) is identified as a location of a large positive trend of the occurrence of heat waves (HWs) during 1979–2016, appearing to result mostly from a regime shift around the year 2000. Therefore, we study the evolution of synoptic features associated with the occurrence of HW events in CA. It is found that the HW-related circulation is typically characterized by an anomalous convergence in the upper troposphere but there are important differences for HW events occurring in the south region of CA (CA_S) versus the north region (CA_N). For the occurrence of the HW events in CA_S, the anomalous subsidence associated with upper troposphere anomalous convergence is the dominant factor for their occurrence and magnitude: the strong subsidence leads to warming through greater solar insolation. The HW events in CA_S are also accompanied by an anomalous surface anticyclone in the north with anomalous northerly flow transporting heat into the CA_S region. In contrast, although the HW events in CA_N are also associated with upper troposphere anomalous convergence, the intensity of the convergence is weak with small solar insolation. Instead, the anomalous warm advection is the main factor for determining the magnitude of the HW events in CA_N, induced by the prevailing northerly winds acting on the anomalous temperature gradient. Thus, the synoptic features associated with HW events in the CA_N and CA_S are quite different despite their nearby locations. The discovered dominant factors for the HW events in CA can be used to improve the forecast skill.
It’s not fair, I don’t want to share: When child development and teacher expectations clash
Authors: Goodman Joan F. , Rabinowitz Maya
Published: August 2019

Promoting cooperative social behavior is a major task of preschool teachers. Children are taught to be nice, be fair, and share. This mandate, however, runs up against the fact that young children are naturally egotistical and unable to appreciate the perspective of others. This leaves teachers with questions about how strongly they should push the be-nice agenda when it meets with resistance. Joan Goodman and Maya Rabinowitz explore how teachers of young children can reconcile their goals both to respect children’s natural development and to socialize them.
Goal-setting practices that support a learning culture
Authors: Nordengren Chase
Published: August 2019

What can educators do to help students care about their learning and become more invested in their own success? Chase Nordengren describes how a school district created a goal-setting culture in all classrooms at all grade levels. The district began with a complex, research-based, prescriptive program that teachers found did not work well with certain students. Young students, for example, did not understand the goal-setting forms that were part of the program. As teachers adapted the program to fit their students, Nordengren was able to discern certain commonalities in teachers’ use of goal setting that made them successful. Based on these observations, he suggests that educators start their goal-setting efforts early, set short-term goals, provide visual tools, make goal setting personal, and center student choice.
First Person: The best-laid plans of mice and men
Authors: Fowler Gerald L.
Published: August 2019

When Gerald Fowler began teaching 1st grade, he was sure the knowledge he’d gained from his master’s degree program had prepared him to create a classroom where students would be immersed in literacy learning from Day 1. From his studies, he’d come across the idea of introducing mice to the classroom to get students talking and building vocabulary skills. He opted instead for gerbils. One student’s surprising reaction to the gerbils taught Fowler about the complexities of language learning and the importance of experiences in increasing a child’s vocabulary.
Back to the future? The long view of probation and sentencing: A practitioner response
Authors: Shepherd Becky
Published: August 2019

This practitioner response reflects on Peter Raynor’s insights into the role probation has played in sentencing over several decades. It considers some current challenges for probation staff in court, including speedy justice initiatives and the changing role of reports. This article conceptualises current probation practice within a continuum of person-centred practice which, although modernised, is informed by the traditional probation principles of advise, assist, and befriend.
Salidroside pretreatment protects against myocardial injury induced by heat stroke in mice
Authors: Chen Guo-dong , Fan Heng , Zhu Jian-Hua
Published: August 2019

Objective

To explore the protective effects and mechanisms of salidroside on myocardial injury induced by heat stroke (HS) in mice.

Methods

We pretreated mice with salidroside for 1 week and then established an HS model by exposure to 41.2°C for 1 hour. We then examined the effects of salidroside on survival. We also assessed the severity of cardiac injury by pathology, and analyzed changes in levels of myocardial injury markers, inflammatory cytokines, and oxidative stress.

Results

Salidroside pretreatment significantly reduced HS-induced mortality and improved thermoregulatory function. Salidroside also provided significant protection against HS-induced myocardial damage, and decreased the expression levels of cardiac troponin I, creatine kinase-MB, and lactate dehydrogenase. Moreover, salidroside attenuated HS-induced changes in the inflammation markers tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-10, and down-regulated the oxidative stress response indicated by thiobarbituric acid reactant substances, malondialdehyde, reduced glutathione, and superoxide dismutase.

Conclusions

Salidroside pretreatment protected against HS-induced myocardial damage, potentially via a mechanism involving anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative effects.
Removal of an inferior vena cava filter that had migrated to the right ventricle by off-pump ventriculotomy and direct-vision snare capture: a novel hybrid technique
Authors: Feng Hai , Chen Xueming , Li Chenyu , Zhang Zhiwen , Zhu Renming , Guo Xiaobo , Liu Mingyuan
Published: August 2019

Inferior vena cava filter (IVCF) migration to the right ventricle is a life-threatening condition. Conventionally, on-pump ventriculotomy is required if the endovascular retrieval is compromised. However, for patients in fragile physical condition, the complications of myocardial revascularization are unacceptable. We herein present a case of IVCF migration to the right ventricle in which the hook of the filter was tilted against the anterior wall of the right ventricle. The IVCF was successfully removed via a hybrid technique combining an off-pump microincision of the right ventricle with direct-vision snare capture. This hybrid technique avoided the complication of myocardial revascularization, shortened the operation time, and reduced the amount of blood loss.
High consistency between characteristics of primary intraductal breast cancer and subtype of subsequent ipsilateral invasive cancer
Authors: Gennaro Massimiliano , Meneghini Elisabetta , Baili Paolo , Bravaccini Sara , Curcio Annalisa , De Santis Maria Carmen , Lozza Laura , Listorti Chiara , Di Cosimo Serena , Sant Milena , Folli Secondo
Published: August 2019

Background:

Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) is considered a morphologic precursor of invasive cancer and is often treated with adjuvant whole-breast irradiation and endocrine therapy, as if it were an invasive cancer. Our aim was to provide further support for treatment de-escalation or enrollment of such patients in active surveillance trials.

Methods:

We retrospectively analyzed data on patients with conservatively treated primary DCIS subsequently diagnosed with ipsilateral invasive breast cancer (IBC) at 2 comprehensive breast cancer centers. From their merged databases, we identified 50 cases with full details on tumor grade, hormone receptor expression, and HER2 amplification, for both the primary DCIS and the corresponding IBC, and we assessed the similarities and differences between the two.

Results:

Distributions of hormone receptors were similar in primary DCIS and IBC, while high-grade and HER2-positive status was less common in IBC than in primary DCIS. The positivity for estrogen receptors (ER) and well-differentiated or moderately differentiated morphology in the primary DCIS persisted in 90% of the matching IBC. Changes in progesterone receptor expression were slightly more common than those in ER expression. Overall consistency for the luminal-like receptors subtype was found in 90% of cases.

Conclusion:

The high consistency between the features of primary DCIS and those of subsequent IBC (in the rare but not negligible cases of local failure) should be borne in mind when considering the therapeutic options. Treatment de-escalation and accrual of patients for active surveillance trials could be appropriate for luminal-like precursors.
Developing a score system to predict therapeutic outcomes to anti-PD-1 immunotherapy in metastatic melanoma
Authors: Indini Alice , Di Guardo Lorenza , Cimminiello Carolina , Prisciandaro Michele , Randon Giovanni , De Braud Filippo , Del Vecchio Michele
Published: August 2019

Background:

Prognosis of patients with metastatic melanoma has improved due to the advent of antibodies targeting the programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1). However, therapeutic outcomes from anti-PD-1 therapy widely differ among patients. Biomarkers for outcome are needed as these may influence patient selection and treatment decision.

Methods:

Data of patients with metastatic melanoma treated with anti-PD-1 were retrospectively reviewed. Baseline biochemical (serum lactate dehydrogenase [LDH] levels, complete blood count) and clinical characteristics were evaluated to identify predictors of progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). PFS and OS were assessed using Kaplan-Meier and Cox models. The comparison of predictive power of independent predictors for response to anti-PD-1 was evaluated by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves.

Results:

Overall, 173 patients were included. Low metastases burden, normal baseline LDH levels, and high relative lymphocyte count (RLC) were associated with favorable outcomes ( p < 0.01). According to ROC curves, RLC >17.5% improved survival outcomes. PFS was 3.7 and 15.8 months for patients with RLC <17.5% and >17.5%, respectively ( p = 0.004); OS was 5.0 and 33.6 months for patients with RLC <17.5% and >17.5%, respectively ( p < 0.001). Stratification of patients according to these variables showed that survival outcomes strongly differ in patients with 3 of 3 compared to those with 2, 1, and none of these 3 factors present ( p < 0.001).

Conclusions:

Metastases burden, LDH levels, and RLC are independent baseline characteristics associated with outcome in patients with melanoma receiving anti-PD-1. Further investigations are needed to clarify if evaluation of these parameters can translate into clinical strategy and apply to patient selection.
Safety and Efficacy of Venting Gastrostomy in Malignant Bowel Obstruction: A Systematic Review
Authors: Thampy Sreeharshan , Najran Pavan , Mullan Damian , Laasch Hans-Ulrich
Published: August 2019

Malignant bowel obstruction (MBO) is a common manifestation in patients with advanced intra-abdominal malignancy. It is especially common with bowel or gynecological cancers and produces distressing symptoms, including nausea, vomiting, and pain. Medical management options are less effective than decompressive strategies for symptom control. Surgery is the gold-standard treatment but is unsuitable for most patients with high complication rates. Consensus guidelines recommend nonsurgical management with a venting gastrostomy in those unsuitable for surgery or for whom medical management is ineffective. The aim of this systematic review is to establish the safety and efficacy of percutaneous venting gastrostomy in relieving symptoms of MBO. Twenty-five studies were included in this review comprising 1194 patients. Gastrostomy insertion was successful at first attempt in 91% of cases and reduction in symptoms of nausea and vomiting was reported in 92% of cases. Mean survival following the procedure ranged from 35 to 147 days. Major complications were rare, with most complications classed as minor wound infections or leakage of fluid around the tube. Studies suggest that the presence of ascites is not an absolute contraindication to the insertion of percutaneous venting gastrostomy in patients with MBO; however, these studies lack longitudinal outcomes and complication rates related to this. However, it is reasonable to suggest that ascitic drainage is performed to reduce potential complications. There is a relative lack of good quality robust data on the utilization of percutaneous venting gastrostomy in MBO, but overall, the combination of being a safe and efficacious procedure alongside the known complication profile suggests that it should be considered a suitable management option.
Investigating Changing Work and Economic Cultures Through the Lens of Youth Employment: A Case Study from a Psychosocial Perspective in Italy
Authors: Bucci Fiorella , Vanheule Stijn
Published: August 2019

Changes in the forms and cultural meanings of work have gone deep during the last decades, with the transient nature of work becoming the norm rather than the exception. This is impacting particularly on youth employment, as Italy’s case epitomizes. Based on interview and focus group data, our study provides a multidimensional model to read and map the multiple tensions young people experience, at an emotional level, on entering today’s corporations. Our findings show, on the one hand, that young professionals’ expectation of work as a place of social learning and exchange clashes with the corporate focus on assimilating young people into target-oriented environments. On the other hand, both in younger and older workers, we found the experience of labour relationships that struggle to direct themselves towards a creative purpose and a developmental prospect, while tending to collapse emotionally inwards, in a fight for security.
Sensory Integration and Functional Reaching in Children With Rett Syndrome/Rett-Related Disorders
Authors: Drobnyk Wendy , Rocco Karen , Davidson Sara , Bruce Susan , Zhang Fang , Soumerai Stephen B
Published: August 2019

Background:

The loss of functional hand skills is a primary characteristic of Rett syndrome. Stereotypies, dyspraxia, and other sensory processing issues severely limit the individual’s ability to reach toward and sustain grasp on objects. This loss of functional reach and grasp severely limits their ability to participate in self-help, play, and school-related activities. We proposed that Ayres Sensory Integration (ASI) treatment would improve sensory processing and motor planning, which would lay the sensory-motor groundwork for improving grasp of objects, an important first step in developing functional hand use.

Objective:

We examined effects of ASI treatment on rate of reaching and grasping for children with Rett syndrome/Rett-related disorders.

Methods:

We used an interrupted time series design to measure changes in outcome variables occurring after intervention initiation and cessation. We analyzed daily video observations during baseline, intervention, and post-intervention periods, over a span of 7 months.

Results:

During baseline, rate of grasping declined moderately. There was a 15% increase in grasping from the end of baseline to end of the post-intervention period. There was no significant change in rate of reaching.

Conclusions:

This study provides preliminary data showing very small improvements in hand grasp of children with Rett syndrome following ASI treatment; larger studies in diverse settings are needed to establish the effectiveness of this approach. This study shows that an interrupted time series research design provides a valid template for evaluating interventions for children with rare disorders.
Dynamic pricing for online hotel demand: The case of resort hotels in Majorca
Authors: Vives Aldric , Jacob Marta
Published: August 2019

Online customer behavior in terms of price elasticity of demand and the effect of time along the booking horizon are key requirements for the price optimization process that allows hotels to maximize their revenues. In this vein, this study adapts the online transient hotel demand functions to deterministic and stochastic dynamic models—two extended optimal pricing methods existing in the literature—in order to determine the prices that maximize the revenues of two resort hotels located in Majorca. The main findings indicate that (1) seasonality, the number of rooms available, the hotel location, and the tourist profile affect dynamic pricing (DP); (2) the booking horizon limitation leads to larger revenue decreases under elastic demand; (3) higher levels in demand elasticities generally produce lower levels of prices; and (4) the distribution of elasticities across the booking horizon and the natural variability of demand have an impact on DP. Implication for industry revenue managers is that they have to consider the booking horizon duration together with the demand price sensitivity in order to maximize the hotel revenues.
Curtailing the Use of Preregistration: A Misused Term
Authors: Rice Danielle B. , Moher David
Published: August 2019

Improving the usability of psychological research has been encouraged through practices such as prospectively registering research plans. Registering research aligns with the open-science movement, as the registration of research protocols in publicly accessible domains can result in reduced research waste and increased study transparency. In medicine and psychology, two different terms, registration and preregistration, have been used to refer to study registration, but applying inconsistent terminology to represent one concept can complicate both educational outreach and epidemiological investigation. Consistently using one term across disciplines to refer to the concept of study registration may improve the understanding and uptake of this practice, thereby supporting the movement toward improving the reliability and reproducibility of research through study registration. We recommend encouraging use of the original term, registration, given its widespread and long-standing use, including in national registries.
Physicians’ satisfaction with providing buprenorphine treatment
Authors: Knudsen Hannah K. , Brown Randy , Jacobson Nora , Horst Julie , Kim Jee-Seon , Collier Elizabeth , Starr Sanford , Madden Lynn M. , Haram Eric , Toy Alexander , Molfenter Todd
Published: August 2019

Background

Buprenorphine is a critically important treatment for addressing the opioid epidemic, but there are virtually no studies of physicians’ job satisfaction with providing buprenorphine. Physicians’ job satisfaction has been linked to burnout and turnover as well as patients’ adherence to treatment recommendations, so it is important to understand how physicians’ satisfaction with providing buprenorphine treatment compares to their overall job satisfaction.

Methods

As part of a cluster randomized clinical trial (RCT) focused on expanding access to medication for opioid use disorder, 55 physicians working in 38 organizations in Florida, Ohio, and Wisconsin completed a baseline web-based survey. Study measures included global job satisfaction, career satisfaction, and specialty satisfaction. Physicians who were waivered to prescribe buprenorphine were asked to rate their satisfaction with their current buprenorphine practice.

Results

Overall, physicians were generally satisfied with their jobs, their careers, and their specialties. When waivered physicians (n = 40) were compared to non-waivered physicians (n = 15) on 13 satisfaction items, there were no statistically significant differences. Among waivered physicians, ratings for buprenorphine work were significantly lower than ratings for general medical practice for finding such work personally rewarding, being pleased with such work, and overall satisfaction.

Conclusions

Although waivered and non-waivered physicians both reported high global job satisfaction, these data suggest that some waivered physicians may view their buprenorphine work as somewhat less satisfying than their global medical practice. Given that job dissatisfaction is a risk factor for turnover and burnout, managers of treatment organizations should consider whether strategies may be able to mitigate some sources of lower satisfaction in the context of buprenorphine treatment.

Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov. NCT02926482. Date of registration: September 9, 2016. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02926482
The application of an optimal transport to a preconditioned data matching function for robust waveform inversion
Authors: Sun Bingbing , Alkhalifah Tariq
Published: August 2019

Full-waveform inversion (FWI) promises a high-resolution model of the earth. It is, however, a highly nonlinear inverse problem; thus, we iteratively update the subsurface model by minimizing a misfit function that measures the difference between the measured and the predicted data. The conventional [Formula: see text]-norm misfit function is widely used because it provides a simple, high-resolution misfit function with a sample-by-sample comparison. However, it is susceptible to local minima if the low-wavenumber components of the initial model are not accurate. Deconvolution of the predicted and measured data offers an extended space comparison, which is more global. The matching filter calculated from the deconvolution has energy focused at zero lag, like an approximated Dirac delta function, when the predicted data matches the measured one. We have introduced a framework for designing misfit functions by measuring the distance between the matching filter and a representation of the Dirac delta function using optimal transport theory. We have used the Wasserstein [Formula: see text] distance, which provides us with the optimal transport between two probability distribution functions. Unlike data, the matching filter can be easily transformed to a probability distribution satisfying the requirement of the optimal transport theory. Though in one form, it admits the conventional normalized penalty applied to the nonzero-lag energy in the matching filter, the proposed misfit function is metric and extracts its form from solid mathematical foundations based on optimal transport theory. Explicitly, we can derive the adaptive waveform inversion (AWI) misfit function based on our framework, and the critical “normalization” for AWI occurs naturally per the requirement of a probability distribution. We use a modified Marmousi model and the BP salt model to verify the features of the proposed method in avoiding cycle skipping. We use the Chevron 2014 FWI benchmark data set to further highlight the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Frequency-dependent reflection wave-equation traveltime inversion from walkaway vertical seismic profile data
Authors: Zheng Yikang , Wang Yibo , Luo Qiang , Chang Xu , Zeng Rongshu , Wang Baodeng , Zhao Xinglei
Published: August 2019

To accurately image the geologic structures from walkaway vertical seismic profile (VSP) data, it is necessary to estimate the subsurface velocity field with high resolution and enhanced illumination of deep reservoirs. Because full-waveform inversion (FWI) suffers from cycle skipping when the initial model is far from the true model, we have adopted frequency-dependent reflection wave-equation traveltime inversion (FRWT) to generate the background velocity model for VSP migration. The upgoing reflection data are separated from the original shot gathers, and dynamic warping is used to evaluate the traveltime differences between the observed data and the calculated data. Different frequency bands of the data are inverted in sequence to reconstruct the velocity model with higher resolution. We also implement wavefield decomposition on the gradient field to extract the contributions of reflection components and improve the updated model. The inverted results obtained from FRWT can be used as the initial model for conventional FWI or the velocity model for reverse time migration. The experiments on synthetic data and field data demonstrate that our approach can effectively recover the background velocity model from walkaway VSP data.
Seismic facies analysis based on deep convolutional embedded clustering
Authors: Duan Yanting , Zheng Xiaodong , Hu Lianlian , Sun Luping
Published: August 2019

Seismic facies classification takes a two-step approach: attribute extraction and seismic facies analysis by using clustering algorithms, sequentially. In general, it is clear that the choice of feature extraction is critical for successful seismic facies analysis. However, the choice of features is customarily determined by the seismic interpreters, and so the clustering result is affected by the difference in the seismic interpreters’ experience levels. It becomes challenging to extract features and identify seismic facies simultaneously. We have introduced deep convolutional embedded clustering (DCEC), which aims to simultaneously learn feature representations and cluster assignments by using deep neural networks. Our method learns mapping from the data space to a lower dimensional feature space in which it iteratively optimizes a clustering objective by building a specific loss function. We apply the method to the Modified National Institute of Standards and Technology (MNIST) data, geophysical model data, and field seismic data. In the MNIST data, the DCEC method shows better latent space of clustering results than traditional clustering methods. In the geophysical model data, the accuracy of waveform classification based on DCEC method is higher than traditional clustering methods. The results from the seismic data demonstrate that selection of input data and method has an important effect on the clustering result. In addition, our method is helpful for improving the resolution of seismic facies edges and offers the richer depositional information than the traditional clustering methods.
Automatic extraction of dislocated horizons from 3D seismic data using nonlocal trace matching
Authors: Bugge Aina Juell , Erik Lie Jan , Evensen Andreas Kjelsrud , Faleide Jan Inge , Clark Stuart
Published: August 2019

Extracting key horizons from seismic images is an important element of the seismic interpretation workflow. Although numerous computer-assisted horizon extraction methods exist, they are typically sensitive to structural and stratigraphic discontinuities. As a result, these computer-assisted methods have difficulties in extracting noncoherent dislocated horizons. We have developed a new data-driven method to correlate, track, and extract horizons from seismic volumes with complex geologic structures. Our method correlates seismic horizons across discontinuities and does not require user input in the form of seed points or prior identification of faults. Furthermore, the method is robust toward amplitude changes along a seismic horizon and does not jump from peak to trough or vice versa. We use a large sliding window and match full-length seismic traces using nonlocal dynamic time warping to extract grids of correlated points for our target horizons. Through computed accuracy measurements, we discard nonaccurate correlations before interpolating complete seismic horizons. Because our method does not require manually picked seed points or prior structural restoration, it does not rely on interpretive experience or geologic knowledge. The proposed method is applied on different real and complex seismic images, with two case examples from the southwestern Barents Sea, and one on the open source Netherlands F3 seismic data.
Discontinuous Galerkin modeling of 3D arbitrary anisotropic Q
Authors: Zhan Qiwei , Zhuang Mingwei , Fang Yuan , Huo Liu Qing
Published: August 2019

For wave propagation problems, conventional time-domain anelastic attenuation modeling involves either Caputo fractional time derivatives for an exactly constant-[Formula: see text] model, thus leading to globally temporal memory effects; or auxiliary partial differential equations (PDEs) for a nearly constant-[Formula: see text] model, thus resulting in globally spatial operators. Therefore, memory and time consumptions increase tremendously, compared with the purely elastic counterpart. Moreover, the numerical models are usually limited to isotropic or transversely isotropic attenuation, due to the ambiguity of anisotropic attenuation parameterization. Therefore, it is indispensable to investigate an efficient method, to easily incorporate the general anisotropic attenuation effects in the time domain. To tackle these problems, we have first developed a [Formula: see text]-transformation rule, via the correspondence principle, revealing the validity range for a large enough [Formula: see text] value. Then, we construct a new constitutive equation, by extending the generalized Maxwell body, from the isotropic viscoelastic media to fully anisotropic scenario, i.e., as complex as triclinic attenuation. As a result, global memory effects are effectively localized, with several anelastic functions subject to ordinary differential equations, while preserving the original governing equations. An efficient hp-adaptive discontinuous Galerkin (DG) time-domain algorithm is implemented, where the Riemann problem is exactly solved. Consequently, the extra computation cost to incorporate [Formula: see text] effects is nearly negligible. Furthermore, we derive an analytical solution for the general anisotropic attenuation to verify this DG implementation.
Human Herpesvirus 6B and Lower Respiratory Tract Disease After Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation
Authors: Hill Joshua A. , Vande Vusse Lisa K. , Xie Hu , Chung E. Lisa , Yeung Cecilia C.S. , Seo Sachiko , Stevens-Ayers Terry , Fisher Cynthia E. , Huang Meei-Li , Stewart F. Marc , Jerome Keith R. , Zerr Danielle M. , Corey Lawrence , Leisenring Wendy M. , Boeckh Michael
Published: August 2019

PURPOSE

Human herpesvirus 6B (HHV-6B) DNA is frequently detected in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) from immunocompromised subjects with lower respiratory tract disease (LRTD). Whether HHV-6B is a pulmonary pathogen is unclear.

METHODS

We tested BALF for HHV-6B DNA using polymerase chain reaction in allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) recipients who underwent a BAL for evaluation of LRTD from 1992 to 2015. We used multivariable proportional hazards models to evaluate the association of HHV-6B+ BALF with overall mortality, death from respiratory failure, and the effect of anti–HHV-6B antivirals on these outcomes. We used branched-chain RNA in situ hybridization to detect HHV-6 messenger RNA ( U41 and U57 transcripts) in lung tissue.

RESULTS

We detected HHV-6B+ BALF from 147 of 553 (27%) individuals. Subjects with HHV-6B+ BALF, with or without copathogens, had significantly increased risk of overall mortality (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 2.18; 95% CI, 1.41-3.39) and death from respiratory failure (aHR, 2.50; 95% CI, 1.56-4.01) compared with subjects with HHV-6B- BALF. Subjects with HHV-6B+ BALF who received antivirals within 3 days pre-BAL had an approximately 1 log10 lower median HHV-6B BALF viral load, as well as a lower risk of overall mortality (aHR, 0.42; 95% CI, 0.16-1.10), compared with subjects with HHV-6B+ BALF not receiving antivirals. We detected intraparenchymal HHV-6 gene expression by RNA in situ hybridization in lung tissue in all three tested subjects with HHV-6B+ BALF and sufficient tissue RNA preservation.

CONCLUSION

These data provide evidence that HHV-6B detection in BALF is associated with higher mortality in allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation recipients with LRTD. Definitive evidence of causation will require a randomized prevention or treatment trial.
The Gut Microbiome Derived From Anorexia Nervosa Patients Impairs Weight Gain and Behavioral Performance in Female Mice
Authors: Hata Tomokazu , Miyata Noriyuki , Takakura Shu , Yoshihara Kazufumi , Asano Yasunari , Kimura-Todani Tae , Yamashita Makoto , Zhang Xue-Ting , Watanabe Natsuru , Mikami Katsunaka , Koga Yasuhiro , Sudo Nobuyuki
Published: August 2019

Anorexia nervosa (AN) results in gut dysbiosis, but whether the dysbiosis contributes to AN-specific pathologies such as poor weight gain and neuropsychiatric abnormalities remains unclear. To address this, germ-free mice were reconstituted with the microbiota of four patients with restricting-type AN (gAN mice) and four healthy control individuals (gHC mice). The effects of gut microbes on weight gain and behavioral characteristics were examined. Fecal microbial profiles in recipient gnotobiotic mice were clustered with those of the human donors. Compared with gHC mice, gAN mice showed a decrease in body weight gain, concomitant with reduced food intake. Food efficiency ratio (body weight gain/food intake) was also significantly lower in gAN mice than in gHC mice, suggesting that decreased appetite as well as the capacity to convert ingested food to unit of body substance may contribute to poor weight gain. Both anxiety-related behavior measured by open-field tests and compulsive behavior measured by a marble-burying test were increased only in gAN mice but not in gHC mice. Serotonin levels in the brain stem of gAN mice were lower than those in the brain stem of gHC mice. Moreover, the genus Bacteroides showed the highest correlation with the number of buried marbles among all genera identified. Administration of Bacteroides vulgatus reversed compulsive behavior but failed to exert any substantial effect on body weight. Collectively, these results indicate that AN-specific dysbiosis may contribute to both poor weight gain and mental disorders in patients with AN.
Current Problems of Control and Evaluation of Creative Works of Younger Schoolchildren
Authors: Романова В. , Romanova V.
Published: August 2019

The article discusses the features of the control over the implementation of creative works in primary school, discusses the problems of their evaluation. The potential of the Russian language lessons is revealed for the development of the skills of younger schoolchildren to build a coherent utterance, to develop their writing skills, as well as to develop skills of self-control and self-esteem in the process of learning to write presentations and mini-essays. It offers practical material of a creative nature, contributing to the improvement of the language culture of the younger schoolchildren.
Formation of Skills of Self-Control by a Younger School Child (Target Setting)
Authors: Соснина Е. , Sosnina E.
Published: August 2019

The article of American colleagues reveals the role of modern means of communication in the process of training and education of children of primary school and adolescence. Primary attention is paid to video games, the characteristics of their different types, including educational orientation. With concrete examples, the possible positive effect of the use of video games by teachers for the intellectual development of students, as well as the risks of uncontrolled use by children, are considered. Recommendations are given to teachers and parents to control the play activities of younger schoolchildren and adolescents in order to prevent the negative impact of video games on the health and mental state of a child.
“Guest Pedagogy” in Preschool Education – the basis of successful Learning at School
Authors: Попова А. , Popova A. , Власова Н. , Vlasova N.
Published: August 2019

The article presents material on the formation of the readiness of preschool children to study at school by means of the project “Guest Pedagogy” developed in the Compensating Kindergarten № 40 “Solnyshko” in Kolomna on the basis of socio-didactic and system-activity approaches. The content of the physical and psychological (personal, strong-willed, intellectual) readiness of children for school is disclosed. The important role of the organization of communication and interaction of children with each other, with parents and teachers in the framework of the project “Guest Pedagogy” for preparing graduates of kindergarten for successful adaptation and learning at school is shown.
The Use of Mathematical Tasks for Development by Younger Schoolchildren Skills of Research Activities
Authors: Келдибекова Аида , Keldibekova Aida , Омаралиев Абдималик , Omaraliev Abdimalik
Published: August 2019

The article deals with the formation of research competence of primary schoolchildren through the use of heterogeneous mathematical tasks. The author analyses the types of classifications of mathematical tasks of different types that contribute to the activation and development of thinking in younger schoolchildren: creative tasks and tasks, the solution of which leads to the emergence of a new idea. It justifies the conclusion that

the work on the development of logical thinking and the formation of a non-standard approach to solving problems in the course of teaching mathematics can and should start from the first grade.
Developing an alemtuzumab infusion unit for patients with multiple sclerosis
Authors: Espasandin Maria
Published: August 2019

Treating multiple sclerosis (MS) with alemtuzumab involves multiple dosing cycles and long-term safety monitoring. With the NHS being under increasing financial pressure, there is the potential for gaps to form between national guidelines for MS treatment and service provision, making it difficult for patients with MS who are eligible to receive treatments like alemtuzumab. In this article, we share our experiences of setting up an alemtuzumab infusion unit at The Royal London Hospital. We created a collaborative partnership with industry, based on the mutual goal of optimising access to alemtuzumab for all eligible patients who would like to receive it. This agreement involved the provision of additional nursing support and a roaming phlebotomy service by Sanofi Genzyme (formerly Genzyme), and careful planning of the hospital's support requirements on a month-by-month basis. The success of the partnership has been reflected by the complete clearance of the patient waiting list for alemtuzumab.