bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Temporal and spatial mediated changes in subsurface microbial
community assemblages and functions
Authors: Davis Madison C.
Published: July 2020

Abstract. Groundwater ecosystems can host different habitats with unique microbial assemblages and functions. Although groundwater microbes are important to subsurface processes, little is known about the drivers of change in these communities. Illumina sequencing and bioinformatic tools were used to examine whether different groundwater zones could have the same patterns of microbial community change over a two-year period. Five different groundwater zones from Hospital Hole, a stratified sinkhole in west-central Florida, were used in this study since they have been previously shown to host distinct microbial communities. Seasonal patterns of microbial community assemblages and potential metabolic functions were not identified in the sinkhole communities. Different physicochemical parameters correlated to microbial community change within each zone. Local hydrogeology appears to play an important role in subsurface microbial community change since Hurricane Irma and seasonal turnover events did not appear to cause a large perturbation in the microbial communities. Nutrient availability and local hydrogeochemistry appear to be important drivers of microbial community change in the subsurface.
Relative terrestrial exposure ages inferred from meteoric 10Be and NO3− concentrations in soils along the Shackleton Glacier, Antarctica
Authors: Diaz Melisa A. , Corbett Lee B. , Bierman Paul R. , Adams Byron J. , Wall Diana H. , Hogg Ian D. , Fierer Noah , Lyons W. Berry
Published: July 2020

Abstract. Modeling studies and field mapping show that increases in ice thickness during glacial periods were not uniform across Antarctica. Rather, outlet glaciers that flow through the Transantarctic Mountains (TAM) experienced the greatest changes in ice thickness. As a result, ice-free areas that are currently exposed may have been covered by ice at various points during the Cenozoic, thereby providing a record of past ice sheet behavior. We collected soil surface samples and depth profiles every 5 cm to refusal (up to 30 cm) from eleven ice-free areas along the Shackleton Glacier, a major outlet glacier of the East Antarctic Ice Sheet (EAIS) and measured meteoric 10Be and NO3− concentrations to calculate and estimate surface exposure ages. Using 10Be inventories from three locations, calculated maximum exposure ages range from 4.1 Myr at Roberts Massif near the Polar Plateau to 0.11 Myr at Bennett Platform further north. When corrected for inheritance of 10Be from prior exposure, the ages (representing a minimum) range from 0.14 Myr at Roberts Massif to 0.04 Myr at Thanksgiving Valley. We correlate NO3− concentrations with meteoric 10Be to estimate exposure ages for all locations with NO3− depth profiles but only surface 10Be data. These results indicate that NO3− concentrations can be used in conjunction with meteoric 10Be to help interpret EAIS dynamics over time. We show that the Shackleton Glacier has the greatest fluctuations near the Ross Ice Shelf while tributary glaciers are more stable, reflecting the sensitivity of the EAIS to climate shifts at TAM margins.
The impact of earthquakes on orogen-scale exhumation
Authors: Francis Oliver R. , Hales Tristram C. , Hobley Daniel E. J. , Fan Xuanmei , Horton Alexander J. , Scaringi Gianvito , Huang Runqiu
Published: July 2020

Abstract. Individual, large thrusting earthquakes can cause hundreds to thousands of years of exhumation in a geologically instantaneous moment through landslide generation. The bedrock landslides generated are important weathering agents through the conversion of bedrock into mobile regolith.
Despite this, orogen-scale records of surface uplift and exhumation, whether sedimentary or geochemical, contain little to no evidence of individual large earthquakes. We examine how earthquakes and landslides influence exhumation and surface uplift rates with a zero-dimensional numerical model, supported by observations from the 2008 Mw 7.9 Wenchuan earthquake. We also simulate the concentration of cosmogenic radionuclides within the model domain, so we can examine the timescales over which earthquake-driven
changes in exhumation can be measured. Our model uses empirically constrained relationships between seismic energy release, weathering, and
landsliding volumes to show that large earthquakes generate the most surface uplift, despite causing lowering of the bedrock surface. Our model suggests that when earthquakes are the dominant rock uplift process in an orogen, rapid surface uplift can occur when regolith, which limits bedrock
weathering, is preserved on the mountain range. After a large earthquake,
there is a lowering in concentrations of 10Be in regolith leaving the orogen, but the concentrations return to the long-term average within
103 years. The timescale of the seismically induced cosmogenic
nuclide concentration signal is shorter than the averaging time of most
thermochronometers (>103 years). However, our model suggests that the short-term stochastic feedbacks between weathering and exhumation produce measurable increases in cosmogenically measured exhumation rates which can be linked to earthquakes.
Synthesis of the base curves for n-lobed noncircular bevel gears
Authors: Shi Kan , Yao Yan'an , Lin Shuai
Published: July 2020

Abstract. As a type of spatial transmission mechanism, noncircular bevel
gears can transfer power and motion between two intersecting axes with
variable transmission. In this paper, the relation of arc length is
expressed by Angle in spatial polar coordinate system, utilizing the
spherical triangle theorem, the parametric equations of base curves are
established by applying arc length relation. Further, an example is given to
verify whether pitch curves is concave on osculating circle of noncircular
bevel gear section cone. Similarly, this example illustrates the cause of
the mutation for the base curves.
Assessment of Landslide Susceptibility using Weight of Evidence and Frequency Ratio Model in Shahpur Valley, Eastern Hindu Kush
Authors: Rahman Ghani , Rahman Atta Ur , Bacha Alam Sher , Mahmood Shakeel , Moazzam Muhammad Farhan Ul , Lee Byung Gul
Published: July 2020

Abstract. This study assessing the landslide susceptibility using Weight of Evidence (WoE) and Frequency Ratio (FR) model in Shahpur valley, situated in the eastern Hindu Kush. Here, landslide is a recurrent phenomenon that disrupts natural environment and cause huge property damages as well as incurs human losses every year. These damages are expected to increase due to high rate of deforestation in the region, population growth, agricultural expansion and infrastructural development on the fragile slopes. Initially, landslide inventory map was prepared from SPOT5 satellite image and were verified from frequent visits in the field. Seven landslide contributing factors including surface geology, fault lines, slope aspect and gradient, land use, proximity to roads and stream were selected. To analyze the relationship of landslide occurrence with these causative factors, WoE and FR models were used. Based on WoE and FR model landslide susceptibility zonation maps were prepared and were reclassified into very low to very high landslide susceptible zones. Finally, the resultant maps of landslide susceptibility were authenticated using success rate curve and prediction rate curve approach to validate the models.
Anthropocene climate bifurcation
Authors: Kypke Kolja Leon , Langford William Finlay , Willms Allan Richard
Published: July 2020

Abstract. This article presents the results of a bifurcation analysis of a simple energy balance model (EBM)
for the future climate of the Earth. The main focus is on the following question: can the nonlinear
processes intrinsic to atmospheric physics, including natural positive feedback mechanisms, cause
a mathematical bifurcation of the climate state, as a consequence of continued anthropogenic
forcing by rising greenhouse gas emissions? Our analysis shows that such a bifurcation could
cause an abrupt change to a drastically different climate state in the EBM, which is warmer and more
equable than any climate existing on Earth since the Pliocene epoch. In previous papers, with
this EBM adapted to paleoclimate conditions, it was shown to exhibit saddle-node and cusp
bifurcations, as well as hysteresis. The EBM was validated by the agreement of its predicted
bifurcations with the abrupt climate changes that are known to have occurred in the paleoclimate
record, in the Antarctic at the Eocene–Oligocene transition (EOT) and in the Arctic at the
Pliocene–Paleocene transition (PPT). In this paper, the EBM is adapted to fit Anthropocene
climate conditions, with emphasis on the Arctic and Antarctic climates. The four Representative
Concentration Pathways (RCP) considered by the IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) are used to model future CO2
concentrations, corresponding to different scenarios of anthropogenic activity. In addition, the
EBM investigates four naturally occurring nonlinear feedback processes which magnify the warming
that would be caused by anthropogenic CO2 emissions alone. These four feedback mechanisms
are ice–albedo feedback, water vapour feedback, ocean heat transport feedback, and atmospheric
heat transport feedback. The EBM predicts that a bifurcation resulting in a catastrophic climate
change, to a pre-Pliocene-like climate state, will occur in coming centuries for an RCP with
unabated anthropogenic forcing, amplified by these positive feedbacks. However, the EBM also
predicts that appropriate reductions in carbon emissions may limit climate change to a more
tolerable continuation of what is observed today. The globally averaged version of this EBM has
an equilibrium climate sensitivity (ECS) of 4.34 K, near the high end of the likely range reported
by the IPCC.
The Familiarity of Internet Slang among EFL Female Learners in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Abdelwahab Eltom RahmtAllah Enas
Published: July 2020

The knowledge of Internet slang is essential for English language learners who aim to achieve native-like fluency. This study investigated the familiarity of internet slang among EFL female learners in Saudi Arabia. The study aimed explicitly to examine to what extent EFL female learners are familiar with the Internet slang? Besides, what does the students' knowledge of slang reflect? To achieve these objectives, a total of 71 Saudi female undergraduate English majors at Unaizah College of Sciences and Arts participated in the study. The students were given a test of Internet slang. The data were analyzed through SPSS. The study results demonstrated that the learners' knowledge of Internet slang was moderately limited, and they are not familiar with internet slang. The results also revealed that some acronyms and abbreviations are popular among learners because of the learners' exposure to social media. In light of these results, recommendations are presented.
Resampling 25 years later reveals fewer species but higher abundance of juvenile fishes in a Caribbean mangrove bay
Authors: Kendall Matthew S , Williams Bethany L , Ruffo Ashley , Winship Arliss J , Siceloff Laughlin , Adams Aaron , Tobias William
Published: July 2020

The prop roots of mangroves play an important role as habitat for juvenile fishes. Revisit studies (>10 yrs apart) provide rare and valuable insights into the structure and stability of these systems in the face of escalating pressure from coastal development, climate change, and
fisheries. We compared assemblages of juvenile fishes in the mangroves of a Caribbean estuary from 1991 to 1993 and 2018 to 2019 using trap collections to quantify changes and identify their potential drivers. Although the environmental and physical properties of the mangrove landscape were
similar between the two periods, there were significant changes in many aspects of the fish assemblage. Compared to 25 yrs earlier, overall fish abundance (catch per unit effort, CPUE) was 3 to 7 times higher but overall biodiversity was 30% lower at the species level and 50% lower at the
genus level. Taxa with dramatic changes in CPUE were mojarras (Gerreidae, 84% lower CPUE in 2018–2019), snappers (17 times higher CPUE), puffers (Tetraodontidae, 14 times higher CPUE), and moray eels (>200 times higher CPUE). Traps in 2019 also captured the first documented invasive
Indo-Pacific swimming crab (Charybdis helerii) in the US Virgin Islands. The observed changes in the fish assemblage may be due to natural variations in recruitment, environmental influences, and/or hurricane disturbance, but for some species likely relate to declines in adult reef
fish populations in the region.
Sinceros, indelicados y venenosos: Un análisis en fanpages de personajes de telenovelas
Authors: Rios Daniel , Magalhães Dandara
Published: July 2020

Es posible observar un aumento en el número de fanpages que crean personas a partir de personajes de telenovelas brasileñas. Es más, la mayoría de ellos publican image macro, patrón de imagen asociado al fenómeno de los memes de Internet. Este artículo argumenta que los productores de contenido operan y despliegan estratégicamente el lenguaje de los memes para movilizar el compromiso de sus seguidores. Para tanto, mapeamos y analizamos el contenido de las publicaciones de cinco páginas, tratamos de identificar si hay una estrategia explícita involucrada y si los contenidos están relacionados con la trama de la telenovela en los que se inspiran. El estudio constata que las páginas modifican su estructura frecuentemente y que sus contenidos usan generalmente un humor dirigido a la vida cotidiana. Esta práctica destaca las diferentes formas en que la telenovela, un producto ampliamente consumido en América Latina, es adecuada para crear contenido circulado online.
O direito de greve como manifestação do exercício da democracia: Análise da decisão do TST sobre a legitimidade da greve política
Authors: Gomes Ana Virgínia Moreira , Pinto Flavia Aguiar Cabral Furtado , Pinto Carlos Eduardo Furtado
Published: July 2020

Esta pesquisa analisa quais as possibilidades e os limites do direito de greve política como manifestação do exercício da democracia, examinando decisão proferida pelo Tribunal Superior do Trabalho no Brasil. O estudo inicia por examinar a relação entre liberdade sindical, direito de greve e exercício da democracia. A seguir, o artigo sistematiza a legislação brasileira e internacional sobre liberdade sindical e direito de greve. Por fim, a pesquisa considera se o direito de greve pode ser exercido diretamente em face do Estado. O estudo propõe que limitações constitucionais e legais no plano nacional e internacional ao exercício do direito de greve não implicam no reconhecimento restrito do direito de greve, abrangendo apenas as relações entre empregado e empregador. Assumir a possibilidade do exercício do direito de greve diante do Estado significa entender seu papel fundamental de instrumento político para a participação democrática dos trabalhadores.
Entrepreneurship Process As The Creation Of Business By Engaging Family Members: Based On The Perceived Emotion
Authors: Heydari Mohammad , Xiaohu Zhou , Saeidi Mahdiye , Lai Kin Keung , Yuxi Zheng
Published: July 2020

The family business background expects us to start to scrutinize these understood presumptions and, along these lines, raise possibilities for future studies to make essential commitments. In sum, we can learn a great deal about the process of possibilities identification and refinement by exploring social interactions in the family business context and thereby make essential contributions to theory. We can also learn a great deal about the transformations of the family and the business by exploring the identification and refinement of possibilities. Although scholars have highlighted the importance of relational and family factors for the sustainability of a family business, there is not much empirical research exploring how emotions and the management of emotions play a role in the interpersonal dynamics of family business owners. The purpose of this paper is to explore how the way family members manage their emotions affects the interpersonal dynamics in the family, business, and ownership subsystems of a family business. The results indicate that the capability that family members have to manage their emotions influences the interpersonal dynamics that take place in the family business at the individual and group level. In this case, the paper found that although perceived emotion (PE) affected interpersonal relationships in business, this effect was based on the individual’s willingness to use their PE capabilities, the previous history between people, and the goals individuals have within each subsystem in a family business. The paper also found that interpersonal dynamics, in turn, influence how family members work together.
Evaluation Of Economic Efficiency Of Innovative Development Of Pilot Production
Authors: Miroshnikova Tatyana К , Koshevaya Elena S.
Published: July 2020

The objective of the scientific and practical research is to assess the economic effect of choosing a scenario for the innovative development of the pilot production of an aerospace enterprise based on modernization and creation of a public-private partnership. The study reveals the innovative potential of physically and morally obsolete production of complex metalworking, the expansion of industrial integration within the enterprise and in the foreign market. Economic modeling of increasing efficiency was carried out by modernizing the enterprise’s production following two innovative scenarios, affecting production technologies, business processes, investments, and the organizational structure to different degrees. A methodological approach to achieving this goal provides a scenario-based assessment of the direct economic effect of the pilot production of an enterprise when introducing innovations different in their focuses, duration, and cost. An innovative model has been developed to present production development scenarios with a focus on internal or external factors, on flexibility or on stable development. Assessment of the current level of technological development and economic efficiency of pilot production made it possible to determine the possibilities of managerial and technological innovative development of a nationally significant enterprise; to determine the direct economic effect of modernization and production integration of participants in the innovation process. The degree of the economic effect directly depends on the chosen innovative scenario and the scale of its implementation in the enterprise.
Smuggling Of Goods As A Strategic Threat To The Economic Security Of European States
Authors: Andriichenko Nadiia S. , Reznik Oleg M. , Tkachenko Vita V. , Belanuk Marina V. , Skliar Yurii I.
Published: July 2020

The relevance of the problem described in the article is due to the fact that globalization processes open the borders of states for international operations with commodity turnover, promote the development of trade. However, globalization processes also cause the movement of goods outside the customs border or their concealment from customs control, which is a significant threat to the economic security of the state and requires the search for areas for countering and combating the smuggling of goods. The purpose of the article is to summarize the data on the current state and methods for minimizing the smuggling of goods as a threat to the economic security of the state. This goal was achieved using the method of critical analysis, formal logical method, and system-structural approach. The article describes the concept of “smuggling”, types of smuggling and the causes of smuggling of goods. The problems of counteracting smuggling have been identified and proposals for improving activities in this area have been summarized accordingly. Emphasis was placed on the expediency of criminal liability for smuggling of commercial goods in the country and it was proposed to amend Article 201 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine. The proposals contained in the article are aimed at improving the activities of customs and border authorities in the field of counteracting and combating the smuggling of goods.
Multi-criteria analysis to compare multiple risks associated with management alternatives in planted forests
Authors: Régolini Margot , Meredieu Céline , Jactel Hervé , Arias-González Ander , Branco Manuela , Cantero Alejandro , Castro Amélie , Fraysse Jean-Yves , Gardiner Barry , Hevia Andrea , Lario Francisco-José , Steffy-Pater Catherine , Rodríguez-Soalleiro Roque , Soares Paula , Orazio Christophe
Published: July 2020

Aim of study: Adaptation of silviculture in planted forest may help to mitigate damage due to biotic and abiotic hazards. However, compromises have to be found because it is not possible to minimize the risk from all hazards through application of a single forest management approach. The objective of this study was to improve a multi-criteria risk analysis (MCRA) method that makes it possible to rank forest management alternatives (FMAs) according to multiple risks.
Material and Methods: We defined eight FMAs for maritime pine forests in France, Spain and Portugal. We used as the definition of risk the combination of hazard, susceptibility and exposure. Hazard level was estimated using archive data on occurrence and severity of damaging agents over the last few decades. Forest susceptibility to hazards was evaluated by experts who scored the effect on stand resistance of eleven silvicultural operations characterizing each FMA. Exposure was estimated as value at stake, which combined forest standing volume, simulated with forest growth models, and wood prices.
Main Results: Using the PROMETHEE algorithm, we found that the overall ranking of FMAs was consistent across all countries, with short rotation plantations to produce pulpwood or energy wood were the least at risk. The ranking was mainly driven by forest values at stake. We found that by improving the accuracy of forest values exposed to damage, based on growth models and representative wood prices, the MCRA outcomes were more useful and realistic.
Research highlights: Our methodology provides a relevant framework to design FMAs that would minimize risks while maintaining income.
Keywords: Pinus pinaster; vulnerability; hazards; growth modelling; expert assessment; wood price; southwestern Europe.
The age of monumental trees. A case study of Juniperus thurifera L. in Spain
Authors: Génova Fuster Mar , Sadornil Enrique
Published: July 2020

Aim of the study: To provide tree-age estimation of monumental Juniperus thurifera trees based on dendrochronological methods.Area of study: “Sabinar de Calatañazor” Nature Reserve (Calatañazor, Soria, Spain), a monumental forest of Juniperus thurifera traditionally used for grazing.Material and methods: Tree-ring width analysis of increment cores and four different methods for estimating the age of each of the trees analysed.Main results: Our estimates suggest that most of the trees in this Nature Reserve with a radius greater than 30 cm are over 300 years old. Moreover, the discussion on the constraints and accuracy of each of the four tree-age estimation methods employed can be helpful in future studies of age in many monumental trees. A well-replicated local chronology, ranging from 1738 to 2012 (275 years), was also established for its use in reconstruction studies related to management, past events and climate change.Research highlights: This study involved analyzing many trees with high percentages of rings that had disappeared as a result of rot. In this case, the age estimation models based on the classical hypotheses of constant growth in radius or basal area, as well as a new estimation method based upon biological behavior and considering two growth stages (juvenile and mature), are the ones that provided the most reliable estimates. On the contrary, regression models are less recommendable, due to being less accurate.Keywords: Dendrochronology; tree-age estimate; rot, growth stages; management and conservation measures.
Effects of Board Size, Board Composition and Dividend Policy on Real Earnings Management in the Jordanian Listed Industrial Firms
Authors: Shahwan Yousef , Almubaydeen Tareq Hammad
Published: July 2020

Earning manipulation has been a normal transaction among the global businesses, in which business organization sees it as beneficial, thereby turning black eyes to its negative impact on the general economy. This study aimed at examining the impact of board size, Board composition and dividend policy on real earnings management in the listed Jordanian industries. 8 years data (2010 to 2018) was extracted from the audited financial reports of the selected firms. Data was analyzed using Structural Model via AMOS version 26 and SPSS version 21. The findings revealed a positive and significant effect between board size, board composition and real earning management at p-value<0.05 and 0.001 (two-tailed) respectively. While negative of dividend policy on REM was recorded at p-value>0.05 (two-tailed). This study has immensely contributed towards bridging the gap in the existing knowledge as it documented a new finding. The benefits of these findings cross over the managers, shareholders, board of directors, investors, the Jordanian government and all other relevant institute for the buildup of the healthiest industrial sector and better economy.
Determinants of Capital Adequacy Ratio for Pension Funds: A Case Study in Indonesia
Authors: Sunaryo Sunaryo , Santoni Alvia , Endri Endri , Harahap Muhammad Nusjirwan
Published: July 2020

The study aims to identify factors that influence adequacy ratio of fund (RKD) of the Defined Benefit Pension Plan (PPMP) Pension Fund for 2009-2018 period such as Return on Asset (ROA), Cash Conversion Rate (CCR), Central Board Revenue (CBR), Operating Expense Ratio (OER), Investment Expense Ratio (IER), and investment. The data analysis was common effect panel data regression method and the samples were twenty pension funds. The results showed that ROA, CCR, and investment have a significant and positive influence towards RKD, CBR and OER have a significant and negative influence towards RKD. IER did not have significant influence towards RKD.
The Dynamics Between Dividends, Financing and Investments: Evidence From Jordanian Companies
Authors: Daas Abdullah Al , Ahmad Moid U. , Mohammad Suleiman Jamal
Published: July 2020

Dividend decisions, Financing decisions and Investment decisions are three very imperative decisions taken by a firm. The effect of these decisions is on the performance of the firm which subsequently effects the valuation of the firm. These decisions in a firm are also influenced by the growth and status of the respective economy.The current research attempts to analyze the dynamics between these three major decision areas and also assess their relationship with the market value of the firm. These dynamics are further tested against the economic growth of the respective economy. Annual data for 50 companies from Jordanian economy for the time period 2007-2018 is used to achieve the objective. Basic and advanced statistical techniques such as regression analysis and Vector Auto Regression (VAR) have been used in the study. The sample involved 50 Jordanian companies.The study found that the value of the firm is affected by three key decisions (value drivers) of dividend, investment and financing and this effect is best measured at a lag of two years. Also the combined effect of the three value drivers is more than standalone effect.
Earnings Surprises and Stock Price Reactions of Quoted Companies in Nigeria
Authors: Ekpe Malthus Timothy , Obasi Rosemary Obiageri , Abdullahi Sadiq Rabiu , Mustapha Umar Aliyu , Rashid Norfadzilah
Published: July 2020

This study focuses on examining the relationship between stock prices and earnings surprises in quoted companies of Nigeria. This study applied a longitudinal research design which studies the effect of earnings surprises on stock prices using panel data. A sample of 64 companies was chosen to study in all sectors of the Nigerian Stock Exchange. The research data were obtained from secondary sources of the annual reports for the selected companies covering the period from 2013 to 2017. The measurement for earnings surprises used in the study is the residual or unexplained component of earnings persistence model commonly referred to as first-order autoregressive AR (1) regression of reported earnings. Were, the data analysis was carried out by regression using the generalised least squares technique. The regression results for positive earnings surprise shows that share prices react negatively to positive surprises with a coefficient of (-2.4109) in tandem with the return news hypothesis which suggests that positive earnings news results in a negative stock-price reaction. The negative earnings surprise results show that stock prices react positively to negative earnings surprises with a positive coefficient of (0.1136). This is in line with the premise of return news, which indicates that negative earnings news leads to a positive reaction to the share price. The study recommends that there is a need to regulate the stock market to improve the level of market efficiency in stock markets. This will improve the rate at which earnings news will be reserved at stock prices. Secondly, there is a need to improve investor confidence in the disclosed profits made by companies.
Modelling and Forecasting the Volatility of Cryptocurrencies: A Comparison of Nonlinear GARCH-Type Models
Authors: Alqaralleh Huthaifa , Abuhommous Alaa Adden , Alsaraireh Ahmad
Published: July 2020

This study is set out to model and forecast the cryptocurrency market by concentrating on several stylized features of cryptocurrencies. The results of this study assert the presence of an inherently nonlinear mean-reverting process, leading to the presence of asymmetry in the considered return series. Consequently, nonlinear GARCH-type models taking into account distributions of innovations that capture skewness, kurtosis and heavy tails constitute excellent tools for modelling returns in cryptocurrencies. Finally, it is found that, given the high volatility dynamics present in all cryptocurrencies, correct forecasting could help investors to assess the unique risk-return characteristics of a cryptocurrency, thus helping them to allocate their capital.
Investor Decision in Estimating the Effect of Earning Persistence, Financial Leverage, Foreign Ownership Toward Company Reputation and Company Value
Authors: Jao Robert , Hamzah Djabir , Laba Abdul Rakhman , Mediaty Mediaty
Published: July 2020

Understanding company effort on managing corporate reputation and corporate value are challenging tasks among investors. This paper provides an estimated relationship of earning persistence, financial leverage, and foreign ownership on corporate reputation and corporate value on non-financial companies listed in Indonesian Stock Exchange. Data are collected from a five-year observation period, ranging 2014 to 2018. A Non probability sampling technique is purposively used to determine the data quality. The collected data are analyzed and processed using SEM method. This study provides a qualitative result showing the relationship among the variables. The financial leverage has no significant effect on company value. In addition, financial leverage also has no significant impact on company reputation compared to foreign ownership toward company reputation. Earning persistence has significantly affected the company value followed by income variability with equal effect toward corporate reputation. Future study can add additional independent variables such as free cash flow and growth opportunities to expand this study.
Factors Used to Determine the Financing Structure for Shareholding Companies Listed in Amman Stock Exchange in Jordan
Authors: Kanakriyah Raed
Published: July 2020

Purpose – This study aims to explore the main factors that could be used to determine the financing structure for companies listed in Amman Stock Exchange in Jordan. The hypotheses were developed in light of three theories relating financing structure, trade-off theory (TOT), agency theory and pecking order theory (POT).Design/methodology/approach – The study using unbalanced panel data sample applying regression models for two-dimensions combines cross-sectional and time series for non- financial Jordanian companies listed in ASE over the period 2014–2018. Using standard models include entering a fixed effect, random effect, or not using any effect.Findings - The findings showed that company size, growth opportunities, and tax-deductible items other than interest have a positive effect on the borrowing, but profitability affects negatively on borrowing. These results are consistent with the arrangement theories (trade-off theory (TOT) and pecking order theory (POT). indicating the factors associated with trade-off theory were stronger than what is usually found in developed countries, and this is an indication of deep problem resulted from asymmetry information in the Jordanian market. which require to focus efforts on how to building the confidence with investors by providing the data that serve them in decision making. This needs to develop the accounting profession which will open the future for an active market for bonds and stocks that serve companies to financing their projects, and not only for speculation.Practical implications – The results detected how to constitute the suitable financial structure and how making a balance between sources of finance. Also detected weakens role of companies managers and ASE regulators, which require to focusing efforts to improving information deloused to users.Originality/value – limited number researches which have been discuss this issue. Therefore, this study extensively contributes to the shortage literature on the perceived the main factors that may effect on financial structure.Research limitations – Availability of financial information plus difficulty accessing information in developing countries such as Jordan.
The Effects of Intrinsic Acoustic Cues on Categorical Perception in Children with Cochlear Implants
Authors: Cheng Kejuan , Chen Xiaoxiang
Published: July 2020

Many previous studies researched the influence of external cues on speech perception, yet little is known pertaining to the role of intrinsic cues in categorical perception of Mandarin vowels and tones by children with cochlear implants (CI). This study investigated the effects of intrinsic acoustic cues on categorical perception in children with CIs, compared to normal-hearing (NH) children. Categorical perception experiment paradigm was applied to evaluate their identification and discrimination abilities in perceiving /i/-/u/ with static intrinsic formants and Tone 1 (T1)-Tone 2 (T2) with dynamic intrinsic fundamental frequency (F0) contours. Results for the NH group showed that vowel continuum of /i/-/u/ was less categorically perceived than T1-T2 continuum with significantly wider boundary width and less alignment between the discrimination peak and the boundary position. However, a different categorical perception pattern was depicted for the CI group. Specifically, the CI group exhibited less categoricalness in both /i/-/u/ and T1-T2. It suggested that the effects of intrinsic acoustic cues on categorical perception was proved for the normal-hearing children, while not for the hearing-impaired children with cochlear implants. In conclusion, acoustically dynamic cues can facilitate categorical perception of speech in NH children, whereas this effect will be inhibited by difficulties in processing spectral F0 information as in the CI users.
Wie stuurt de veiligheidsregulering van de (deels) zelfrijdende auto?
Authors: van Wees K.A.P.C.
Published: July 2020

Wie stuurt de veiligheidsregulering van de (deels) zelfrijdende auto?

De huidige technologische ontwikkelingen op het terrein van de voertuigautomatisering stellen het bestaande publiekrechtelijk reguleringsinstrumentarium op de proef. Daarbij spelen met name de snelheid van de ontwikkelingen, de onzekerheid over de veiligheidseffecten en de nieuwsoortige aard van de technologie en de daaraan verbonden risico’s een rol. Een van de vragen die daarbij rijst, is die naar het potentieel van het aansprakelijkheidsrecht om als aanvullend of substituut-reguleringsinstrument te fungeren. Het antwoord op die vraag is, in ieder geval in theorie, positief.
Privaatrecht en publiekrecht in de consumentenbescherming
Authors: Verviers E.
Published: July 2020

Privaatrecht en publiekrecht in de consumentenbescherming

De verhouding tussen bestuursrecht en privaatrecht, onderwerp van dit themanummer, speelde onder andere bij de totstandkoming van de Wet handhaving consumentenbescherming. Aan de hand van de relevante openbare documenten wordt aangetoond dat de vraag of het wenselijk is om op het privaatrechtelijke terrein van het consumentenrecht een publiekrechtelijke toezichthouder in te schakelen, zonder theoretische discussie bevestigend werd beantwoord. Met betrekking tot de vraag welke instrumenten de publiekrechtelijke toezichthouder daarbij ter beschikking staan, was er een gestage ontwikkeling van ‘zo min mogelijk publiekrechtelijke instrumenten, want het gaat om privaatrecht’ naar ‘volledig publiekrechtelijk handhaven, omdat er effectief toezicht moet zijn’.
Facial nerve neuroma mimicking chronic otitis
Authors: Zwierzyńska Klaudyna , Bartoszewicz Robert , Niemczyk Kazimierz
Published: July 2020

A 44-year-old male presented with a facial schwannoma extending into both the middle cranial fossa and mastoid processus. Due to hearing loss, facial nerve palsy and inflammatory changes in CT scan, this patient was misdiagnosed as chronic otitis media. Audiogram showed a right mixed hearing loss with 30–40 dB air-bone gap. In MR, features of the facial nerve neuroma were found. The patient was qualified for surgery to remove the tumor via middle fossa approach, with possible conversion to the retroauricular approach. Ossiculoplasty LC was performed. Diagnostic problems and methods of treatment are discussed.
Rehabilitation after surgical treatment
of retrobulbar tumors
Authors: Składzień Jacek , Wiatr Agnieszka , Wiatr Maciej , Romanowska-Dixon Bożena , Gniadek-Batko Dominika , Gawlik Jolanta , Zielińska-Kubatko Anna , Wróbel Agnieszka
Published: July 2020

The authors propose a set of rehabilitation exercises concerning the muscles which are responsible for movement of the eyeball. After surgical treatments of retrobulbar tumors, the function of the eyeball muscles is often inadequate. Some compensation should be created at the level of the central nervous system, which means trigging adaptation, substitution and habituation. The exercises should be started just after the patient is awakened: first in the horizontal position, then sitting position and finally standing position. The highest number of exercises should be done in the direction of extreme diplopia
Diagnosis in Muscle Tension Dysphagia
Authors: Krasnodębska Paulina , Jarzyńska-Bućko Agnieszka , Szkiełkowska Agata , Miaśkiewicz Beata , Skarżyński Henryk
Published: July 2020

Patient-reported outcome measures have been used within the otorhinolaryngologic disorders field for many years to compare patient perception of the severity of symptoms and the effectiveness of a therapeutic approach. Questionnaires that evaluate dysphagia are relatively complex instruments aimed mostly at patients with neurological or malignant diseases. The ICD-10 classification specifies only one broad term – dysphagia (R13). Introduction of Muscle Tension Dysphagia (MTDg) in 2016 by Kang completed the spectrum of nomenclature. This dysphagia type is defined as a type of laryngeal muscle tension disorder manifesting primarily as swallowing difficulty with or without any accompanying organic cause, laryngeal hyperresponsiveness and/or nonspecific laryngeal inflammation. Since there were no clear diagnostic and therapeutic perspectives on the group of patients with MTDg, the aim of this work was to analyse selected diagnostic tools used for the evaluation of swallowing disorders in the context of finding the most suitable tools for patients with Muscle Tension Dysphagia.
The material of the work included 61 patients. Each patient underwent otolaryngologic, phoniatric and speech therapist examination, Functional Endoscopic Evaluation of Swallowing (FEES) and filled out questionnaires concerning dysphonia and dysphagia symptoms. The results of the work showed that patients with MTDg were characterised by correct results of FEES examination, prolonged swallowing, features of inappropriate mucous and oropharyngeal muscle function. The Swallowing Disorder Scale (SDS), developed by the authors, correlated best with the cause of dysphagia. The questionnaire corresponded well with the degree of severity. In the diagnostic process of MTDg one of the key tasks is the differentiation with patients with non-normative swallowing patterns. Apart from specialistic consultations with otolaryngologist and speech therapist, while diagnosing MTDg we recommend using objective (FEES, videofluroscopy, SEMG) and subjective (SDS, DHI, EAT-10 surveys) assessment tools. In our opinion the inclusion of questionnaires to detect reflux syndromes is also important in the causal treatment of ailments.
EPOS 2020: What’s new for physician practitioners?
Authors: Arcimowicz Magdalena , Niemczyk Kazimierz
Published: July 2020

The European Position Paper on Rhinosinusitis and Nasal Polyps 2020 also abbreviated to EPOS 2020, is the new edition
of the European document devoted to the broadly understood topic of inflammation of the nasal mucosa and paranasal
sinuses. The first edition appeared in 2005, followed by further editions in 2007 and 2012. In February 2020, we received
the latest version, extended, somewhat modified, expanded to include the latest research and meta-analysis in the fields
of: rhinology, rhinosurgery, epidemiology and reports on comorbidities. A completely new division of chronic sinusitis was
presented. Recommendations based on the highest quality evaluations, resulting from the publication of the last eight years,
also introduce a system based on integrated care pathways, or ICP in sinusitis. Chapters on pediatric aspects and sinus surgery
have been expanded. EPOS 2020 is addressed not only to doctors, but also to: nurses, pharmacists, other healthcare workers,
as well as patients themselves, who often make the first attempts at treatment with OTC preparations, frequently based on
the recommendations of pharmacists. The latest EPOS also specifies directions for further lines of research in the broadly
understood field of rhinosinusitis.
Influence of nasal mucosa irritants on the occurrence of chronic sinusitis without / and with polyps
Authors: Olszewska Aleksandra , Niewiadomski Piotr , Olszewski Jurek
Published: July 2020

Introduction: The aim of the study was to assess the effect of nasal mucosa irritants on the occurrence of chronic sinusitis without / and with nasal polyps
Material and methods: The study involved 100 adult participants, including 39 women and 61 men, aged 21-68, diagnosed and treated at the Department of Otolaryngology, ENT Oncology, Audiology and Phoniatrics at the University Clinical Hospital. WAM in Łódź. Based on the otorhinolaryngological and imaging (CT) tests they were divided into two groups: I.- 50 patients, including 23 women and 27 men, aged 21-64 - with chronic sinusitis without nasal polyps, II. - 50 patients, including 16 women and 34 men, aged 22-68 - with chronic sinusitis with nasal polyps. The control group consisted of 50 people (group III), including 25 women and 25 men, aged 18-30, students of the Faculty of Military Medicine at the Medical University of Lodz. All respondents completed a prepared questionnaire consisting of 17 questions addressed in the form of an anonymous interview among patients treated in the Department of Otolaryngology, ENT Oncology, Audiology and Phoniatrics.
Results: The conducted surveys indicate the impact of the following factors in pathogenesis of chronic sinusitis without / with nasal polyps: exogenous factors (viruses, bacteria, fungi, drugs, injuries, toxic substances, environmental pollution), general endogenous factors (allergy, hypersensitivity to acetylsalicylic acid and its derivatives, hormonal disorders, supraesophageal reflux disease, granulation disease, immunity disorders, local endogenous factors.
Conclusions: In the examined material, patients with chronic sinusitis without / and nasal polyps in most cases are in the age range 51-60 years and over 60 years, they most often live in large cities over 250 thousand inhabitants, suffer from allergic rhinitis in 38.0 % in group I and 36.0% in group II, rapid temperature changes and dry air have a negative impact on comfort of breathing. The conducted surveys confirm that the cause of chronic sinusitis with polyps is multifactorial, but a significant factor affecting typical tissue remodeling in this disease is long-term breathing of polluted atmospheric air.
Prozessökonomie
Authors: Hyckel Jonas
Published: July 2020

Die Prozessökonomie ist ein in der Rechtspraxis gut etablierter, zur Verfahrensmaxime erklärter Auslegungstopos des Rechts. Verschlagwortet als Verfahrensoptimierung zählt sie zu den Qualitätsmerkmalen der Rechtsprechung, tritt in ihrer Verwendung allerdings zufällig, konturlos, heuristisch in Erscheinung: mal als prozessualer Schlüsselbegriff, mal als Tapetentür oder nichttragende Reservebegründung. Kritiker erkennen in ihr eine Strategie der Rechtsschutzverweigerung, die sich auch in der Gesetzgebung rechtsstaatlich verdächtig mache. Ihre Illegalisierung setzt die seit jeher bestehenden Reserven gegenüber der Berücksichtigung fiskalischer Interessen in der Rechtsanwendung fort.

In diesem Spannungsfeld steht diese Abhandlung. Sie will das Verhältnis von Rechtsschutzeffizienz und -effektivität ausgehend von einer Positionsbestimmung der Effizienz im Recht als Rechtsprinzip klären, um aus diesem begriffstheoretischen Rahmen die Methodik ökonomischer Steuerung im Prozessrecht zu entwickeln.
Kommunale Kriminalprävention
Authors: Wachter Egon
Published: July 2020

This study provides findings on the frequently asked question of to what extent municipal crime prevention can contribute to improving people's sense of security and to reducing crime. To this end, the scope, content and development of municipal crime prevention work were surveyed retrospectively in ten cities over a period of 20 years. It was therefore possible to identify the performance profiles of prevention measures for specific groups of cities. Regression analyses indicate that reducing crime and fear of crime depends on the design of municipal prevention work, which results in specific control options for security-oriented municipalities.
Production and Salinity Tolerance of Fodder Beet (Beta vulgarisL. ssp. Maritima)
Authors: Ullah Khan Sami , Ali Gurmani Zulfiqar , Ahmed Waseem , Ahmed Shahzad , Gul Alvina
Published: July 2020

Fodder beet (Beta vulgaris L. ssp. maritima) belongs to the Amaranthaceae family. It was introduced first in the Europe and then to USA in 1800 and is currently being grown under cool environmental conditions of the world. It can be cultivated at temperature ranging from 8°C to 25°C. Both shoots and roots of fodder beet can be used as a feed for livestock. In the face of changing climate, there is a dire need to find out climate-resilient crops in new niches that can fulfill the growing needs of farming communities. In this context, fodder beet could be a good option for growers having sizable marginal as well as salt-affected soils. The chapter discusses in detail the efficient salinity-tolerance mechanism of fodder beet that enables it to survive under moderate salinity. Selective ion uptake mechanism, efficient antioxidant defensive mechanism and osmoregulation by accumulation of compatible solutes enable it to thrive well under saline environment. Hence, fodder beet is a relatively salt-tolerant crop that can be successfully grown on normal, marginal as well as salt-affected soils to fulfill the fodder requirements of livestock in fodder-scarce times and salinity amelioration.