bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
NEUROTOXICOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF THE COMPOUND AV-19 FOR PROPHYLAXIS AND TREATMENT OF COMPLICATIONS OF DIABETES MELLITUS
Authors: Maltsev D. V. , Spasov A. A. , Kosolapov V. A. , Sultanova K. T. , Miroshnikov M. V. , Kotovskaya S. K. , Sapozhnikova I. M. , Rusinov V. L.
Published: August 2020

The article presents the results of a study of the neurotoxicological profile of the new compound AB-19, acting on collagen glycation end products (AGE) and their receptors (RAGE), for the prevention and treatment of diabetes complications. The multi-test method «S. Irwin» was used. The test results were evaluated in parallel groups receiving the substance in doses starting with the average effective dose (ED50) and with a multiple increase by 5, 10, 20 and 50 times. It was found that the compound AB-19 in doses of 20, 100 and 200 mg / kg does not affect the functional and behavioral status of animals. However, with an increase to 400 mg / kg, typical manifestations of intoxication were observed: a decrease in muscle tone, hypothermia, sedation, tachypnea. As a result of the study, it was revealed that the neurotoxicological properties of the compound AB-19 are characterized by dose-dependent activity. A minimum toxic dose of 400 mg / kg ≤ Tdmin ≤ 1000 mg / kg was also indicated.
ASSESSMENT OF THE TOXICITY AND HAZARD OF SODIUM LAURYL SULFATE AT DIFFERENT EXPOSURE ROUTES
Authors: Bidevkina M. V. , Golubeva M. I. , Limantsev A. V. , Razumnaya I. N. , Potapova T. N. , Fedorova E. A.
Published: August 2020

Sodium lauryl sulfate is the most common surfactant used in the production of detergents, chloroprene rubber, plastics, artificial furs and in pharmaceutical industry. Sodium lauryl sulfate is a moderately hazardous substance when introduced into the stomach (DL50 for white mice and rats is in the range of 2086-2700 mg/kg), has a pronounced local irritant effect on the skin and mucous membranes of the eyes, has a skin-resorptive, sensitizing and pronounced cumulative effects. The threshold for acute inhalation action is set at 15,3 mg/m3 for changes in the function of the nervous system and irritating effects on the mucous membranes of the upper respiratory tract (an increase in the total number of cells in the nasal flushes).

Recommended for approval tentative safe exposure level of sodium lauryl sulfate in the air of the working area is 0.2+ mg/m3 (aerosol).
Prescribed burning and fuel availability in wetlands of the Parana River, Argentina
Authors: Massa Ernesto segundo
Published: August 2020

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The appreciation of the traditional knowledge of fire management as a tool for conflict management and strengthening of social participation in the Serra da Canastra National Park
Authors: Tizianel Bianca Zorzi , Tambelini Tizianel Fernando Augusto , Ditzel Faraco Luiz Francisco , De Carvalho Lindoso Lilian
Published: August 2020

_
Forest restoration activities with the indigenous community in Maranhão
Authors: Marques Ana Rosa , Amorim A. , Fonsesca A. A.P
Published: August 2020

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Determinant factors of fire recurrence in Cerrado: focus in vegetation recuperation and aids for protected areas management
Authors: Pôrto Ana Clara Caixeta Queiroz , S. Silva Camila , O. Filho Juan Carlos , V. Braga Jonathan , B. Garda Angela , N. Berlinck Christian
Published: August 2020

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Spatial and temporal dynamics of the use of fire in the Atlantic Forest of Sergipe
Authors: Ilha Daniel Brondani
Published: August 2020

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Quantification of burnt areas as a fundamental parameter for the estimation of spatial and temporal patterns of fire incidence in Canaima National Park (Venezuela)
Authors: Rivera-Lombardi Roberto , Bilbao Bibiana , Mistry Jay , Berardi Andrea , Torres Jonathan
Published: August 2020

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Risk Management Assessment against the threat and disasters caused by forest fires. An application case for the Wildland Urban Interface of Valparaíso, Chile
Authors: Alcantara Diaz Teresita de Jesús , Olavarría Sergio Mendoza
Published: August 2020

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Prevention, Control and Monitoring of Fires in the Brazilian Cerrado
Authors: Steil Lara , Rosa Machado Luciana de Oliveira , De Oliveira Mariana Senra , De Miranda Cavalcante Aline Freire
Published: August 2020

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Community Forest Brigades and their implementation as part of a new vision in the integrated fire management in the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela
Authors: Matany Luque Miguel Alejandro , Leon Elias , Biskys Ardila José Gregorio , Gutiérrez Gérman , Bilbao Bibiana , Rivera-Lombardi Roberto , Milán Adriana
Published: August 2020

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Scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy of rubrene on clean and graphene-covered metal surfaces
Authors: Rothe Karl , Mehler Alexander , Néel Nicolas , Kröger Jörg
Published: August 2020

Rubrene (C42H28) was adsorbed with submonolayer coverage on Pt(111), Au(111), and graphene-covered Pt(111). Adsorption phases and vibronic properties of C42H28 consistently reflect the progressive reduction of the molecule–substrate hybridization. Separate C42H28 clusters are observed on Pt(111) as well as broad molecular resonances. On Au(111) and graphene-covered Pt(111) compact molecular islands with similar unit cells of the superstructure characterize the adsorption phase. The highest occupied molecular orbital of C42H28 on Au(111) exhibits weak vibronic progression while unoccupied molecular resonances appear with a broad line shape. In contrast, vibronic subbands are present for both frontier orbitals of C42H28 on graphene. They are due to different molecular vibrational quanta with distinct Huang–Rhys factors.
Natural dolomitic limestone-catalyzed synthesis of benzimidazoles, dihydropyrimidinones, and highly substituted pyridines under ultrasound irradiation
Authors: Godugu Kumar , Yadala Venkata Divya Sri , Pinjari Mohammad Khaja Mohinuddin , Gundala Trivikram Reddy , Sanapareddy Lakshmi Reddy , Nallagondu Chinna Gangi Reddy
Published: August 2020

Natural dolomitic limestone (NDL) is employed as a heterogeneous green catalyst for the synthesis of medicinally valuable benzimidazoles, dihydropyrimidinones, and highly functionalized pyridines via C–N, C–C, and C–S bond formations in a mixture of ethanol and H2O under ultrasound irradiation. The catalyst is characterized by XRD, FTIR, Raman spectroscopy, SEM, and EDAX analysis. The main advantages of this methodology include the wide substrate scope, cleaner reaction profile, short reaction times, and excellent isolated yields. The products do not require chromatographic purification, and the catalyst can be reused seven times. Therefore, the catalyst is a greener alternative for the synthesis of the above N-heterocycles compared to the existing reported catalysts.
Nanomechanics of few-layer materials: do individual layers slide upon folding?
Authors: Batista Ronaldo J C , Dias Rafael F , Barboza Ana P M , de Oliveira Alan B , Manhabosco Taise M , Gomes-Silva Thiago R , Gadellha Andreij C , Rabelo Cassiano , Cançado Luiz G L , Jorio Ado , Chacham Hélio , Neves Bernardo R A
Published: August 2020

Folds naturally appear on nanometrically thin (also called 2D) materials after exfoliation, eventually creating folded edges across the resulting flakes. In the present work, we investigate the adhesion and flexural properties of single and multilayered 2D materials upon folding. This is accomplished by measuring and modeling mechanical properties of folded edges, which allow the experimental determination of the scaling for the bending stiffness (κ) of a multilayered 2D material with its number of layers (n). In the case of talc, we obtain κ proportional to n3 for n ≥ 5, establishing that there is no interlayer sliding upon folding, at least in this thickness range. Such a result, if applicable to other materials, would imply that layers in folds might be either compressed (at the inner part of the fold) or stretched (at its outer part), leading to changes in their vibrational properties relative to a flat flake. This hypothesis was confirmed by near-field tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy of a multilayer graphene fold.
Точные неравенства разных метрик типа Ремеза с несимметричными ограничениями на функции
Authors: Kofanov V. A. , Popovich I. V.
Published: August 2020

УДК 517.5
Для довiльних

p
∈

(
0
,
∞
]

,

ω
>
0
,

β
∈

(
0,2
ω
)

, i будь-якої вимірної множини

B
⊂

I
d

:
=

[
0
,
d
]

,

μ
B
≤
β
,

отримана точна нерівність типу Ремезана класах

S
φ

(
ω
)

d

-періодичних функцій

x

, що мають нулі, із заданою синусоподібною

2
ω

-періодичною функцією порівняння

φ

, де

c
∈

[
-
‖
φ

‖
∞

,
<
b
r
>
‖
φ

‖
∞

]

задовольняє умову

<
b
r
>
‖

x
+

‖
∞

⋅
<
b
r
>
‖

x
-

‖
∞
-1

=
‖

(
φ
+
c
)

+

‖
∞

⋅
<
b
r
>
‖

(
φ
+
c
)

-

‖
∞
-1

,
<
b
r
>

B
y
c

:
=

{
t
∈

[
0,2
ω
]

:
|
φ

(
t
)

+
c
|
>
y
}

, а

y

обрано так, що

μ

B
y
c

=
β

.
Як наслідок, отримані точні нерівності такого типу на соболєвскихкласах диференційовних періодичних функцій та на просторах тригонометричних поліномів і поліноміальних сплайнів із заданим відношенням норм

‖

x
+

‖
∞

/
‖

x
-

‖
∞

.
О разных модулях гладкости и

K

-функционалах
Authors: Trigub R. M.
Published: August 2020

Статья посвящена определению точного порядка приближения функций линейными средними рядов и интегралов Фурье и нахождению K-функционалов через специальные модули гладкости.
On a class of dual Rickart modules
Authors: Tribak R.
Published: August 2020

UDC 512.5
Let

R

be a ring and let

Ω
R

be the set of maximal right ideals of

R

. An

R

-module

M

is called an sd-Rickart module if for every nonzero endomorphism

f

of

M

,

ℑ
f

is a fully invariant direct summand of

M

. We obtain a characterization for an arbitrary direct sum of sd-Rickart modules to be sd-Rickart. We also obtain a decomposition of an sd-Rickart

R

-module

M

, provided

R

is a commutative noetherian ring and

A
s
s

(
M
)

∩

Ω
R

is a finite set. In addition, we introduce and study ageneralization of sd-Rickart modules.
Covering codes of a graph associated to a finite vector space
Authors: Murtaza M. , Javaid I. , Fazil M.
Published: August 2020

UDC 512.5 In this paper, we investigate the problem of covering the vertices of a graph associated to a finite vector space as introduced by Das [Commun. Algebra, 44, 3918 – 3926 (2016)], such that we can uniquely identify any vertex by examining the vertices that cover it. We use locating-dominating sets and identifying codes, which are closely related concepts for this purpose. We find the location-domination number and the identifying number of the graph and study the exchange property for locating-dominating sets and identifying codes.
SOCIAL AND LEGAL CONDITIONALITY OF THE CRIMINALIZATION OF ILLEGAL
ACTIVITIES INVOLVING THE USAGE OF DIGITAL FINANCIAL ASSETS
Authors: Степанов М.В. , Петрянин А.В.
Published: August 2020

Введение: в статье представлена социально-правовая концепция, обосновывающая необходимость
уголовно-правовой охраны общественных отношений в области криминального использования вирту-
альной валюты; выделены юридические и экономические признаки и предпосылки криминализации
такой деятельности; продемонстрировано современное состояние судебно-следственной практики, где
предметом деяний выступают цифровые финансовые активы; представлены аргументы, указывающие
на важность совершенствования механизмов уголовно-правовой охраны интересов в сфере владения,
пользования и распоряжения цифровыми финансовыми активами.
Материалы и методы: нормативная основа представлена нормами уголовного и гражданского за-
конодательства, демонстрирующими содержание общественных отношений в сфере оборота цифровых
финансовых активов. Международно-правовой базис представлен отчетами Организации Объединен-
ных Наций (далее – ООН) и Группы разработки финансовых мер по борьбе с отмыванием денег (да-
лее – ФАТФ). Проведенное исследование основано на сравнительно-правовом, логико-юридическом,
системно-структурном методах. Материалами исследования послужили доктринальные и законодатель-
ные источники, затрагивающие вопросы противодействия криминальному использованию виртуальной
валюты.
Результаты исследования: выделены признаки, присущие преступной деятельности, совершаемой
с использованием виртуальной валюты; доказано, что цифровые финансовые активы могут выступать в
качестве предмета или средства совершения общественно опасных деяний; обоснована криминализация
такой формы противоправного поведения.
Обсуждение и заключения: угрозы, исходящие от криминального использования цифровых фи-
нансовых активов, обусловливают незамедлительное правовое реагирование на них. Первостепенным
должно стать придание рассматриваемому предмету особого правового статуса в результате определе-
ния процедуры легального выпуска, учета и обращения указанных имущественных прав.
DETECTION AND INVESTIGATION OF EXTORTION IN RUSSIA IN 2010 – 2020
Authors: Колесникова Т.В.
Published: August 2020

Введение: статья посвящена анализу такого преступления, как вымогательство в России: его ла-
тентность, рост, снижение раскрываемости, проблемы расследования. Рассматриваются способы
вымогательства, связь с преступными группами. Предлагаются меры по борьбе с вымогательством.
Материалы и методы: при подготовке работы были использованы общенаучные (историче-
ский, сравнительный, системный анализ) и частнонаучные методы научного познания (правовой
анализ, анкетирование и опросы граждан, изучение статистики и уголовных дел).
Результаты исследования: рассмотрены вопросы, связанные с научно-практическими подхо-
дами к раскрытию и расследованию вымогательства. Особое внимание обращается на проблемы
латентности вымогательства, ухудшение раскрываемости этой категории преступлений. Подчер-
кивается опасность вымогательства как направления деятельности преступных групп. Обознача-
ются проблемы расследования и меры по их решению.
Обсуждение и заключения: автор приходит к выводу о необходимости более строгих уголов-
но-правовых подходов к рассмотрению вымогательства, а также связанной с ним организованной
преступности, коррупции и преступлений в сфере экономической деятельности, о необходимости
повышения организационно-управленческого уровня расследования данной категории преступле-
ний; о введении более строгой ответственности сотрудников и руководителей правоохранитель-
ных органов за выявление преступлений и результаты расследования, об усилении применения
технических средств и тактических приемов расследования.
Issues and challenges of changing IPR ambience in plant biotechnology
Authors: Mishra Manisha , Kumari Priyanka , Choudhary Ajoy Kumar
Published: August 2020

Plant Biotechnology is entering into new amplitude as researchers and col-laborators throughout the world are manipulating the plant genome to rein-force desirable agricultural output. The focus is to improve the quality of produce to gratify human needs. In the present scenario, the stakeholders therefore, include the researchers, farmers, public and the Government. In India, the regulations to shape the new innovations are the Patents Act, 1970 and PPVFRA (Protection of Plant Varieties and Farmers’ Rights Act), 2001. Countries those were signatories of the World Trade Organization (WTO) also signed the TRIPS agreement which laid down the minimum regu-latory standards of IPR statutes by their member nations. The advances in Plant Biotechnology are being therefore, protected by both the acts. Howev-er, there are intricacies involved in working at the interface of law and the researches in Biotechnology. The present paper aims to highlight some of those issues and challenges being faced in the field of Plant Biotechnology especially in the light of Biodiversity Act, litigation of law as well as consoli-dation in the seed industries.
Space Telescope and Optical Reverberation Mapping Project. XI. Disk-wind Characteristics and Contributions to the Very Broad Emission Lines of NGC 5548
Authors: Dehghanian M. , Ferland G. J. , Kriss G. A. , Peterson B. M. , Korista K. T. , Goad M. R. , Chatzikos M. , Guzmán F. , Rosa G. De , Mehdipour M. , Kaastra J. , Mathur S. , Vestergaard M. , Proga D. , Waters T. , Bentz M. C. , Bisogni S. , Brandt W. N. , Bontà E. Dalla , Fausnaugh M. M. , Gelbord J. M. , Horne Keith , McHardy I. M. , Pogge R. W. , Starkey D. A.
Published: August 2020

In 2014 the NGC 5548 Space Telescope and Optical Reverberation Mapping campaign discovered a two-month anomaly when variations in the absorption and emission lines decorrelated from continuum variations. During this time the soft X-ray part of the intrinsic spectrum had been strongly absorbed by a line-of-sight (LOS) obscurer, which was interpreted as the upper part of a disk wind. Our first paper showed that changes in the LOS obscurer produces the decorrelation between the absorption lines and the continuum. A second study showed that the base of the wind shields the broad emission-line region (BLR), leading to the emission-line decorrelation. In that study, we proposed the wind is normally transparent with no effect on the spectrum. Changes in the wind properties alter its shielding and affect the spectral energy distribution (SED) striking the BLR, producing the observed decorrelations. In this work we investigate the impact of a translucent wind on the emission lines. We simulate the obscuration using XMM-Newton, NuSTAR, and Hubble Space Telescope observations to determine the physical characteristics of the wind. We find that a translucent wind can contribute a part of the He ii and Fe Kα emission. It has a modest optical depth to electron scattering, which explains the fainter far-side emission in the observed velocity-delay maps. The wind produces the very broad base seen in the UV emission lines and may also be present in the Fe Kα line. Our results highlight the importance of accounting for the effects of such winds in the analysis of the physics of the central engine.
Evaluation of drugs for Potential Repurposing against COVID-19 using a Tier-Based Scoring System
Authors: Jarvis Michael A , Hansen Frederick A , Rosenke Kyle , Haddock Elaine , Rollinson Christopher , Rule Simon , Sewell Graham , Hughes Andrew , Feldmann Heinz
Published: August 2020

Background

As the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic grows daily, we remain with no prophylactic and only minimal therapeutic interventions to prevent or ameliorate severe acute respiratory syndrome Corona-virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Prior to SARS-CoV-2 emergence, high throughput screens utilizing clinically developed drugs identified compounds with in vitro inhibitory effect on human coronaviruses that may have potential for repurposing as treatment options for COVID-19. However, caution should be applied to repurposing of these drugs when they are taken out of context of human pharmacokinetic parameters associated with normal therapeutic use.

Methods

Our aim was to provide a tier-based scoring system to interrogate this data set and match each drug with its human pharmacokinetic criteria, such as route of administration, therapeutic plasma levels and half-life, tissue distribution and safety.

Results

Our analysis excluded most previously identified drugs but identified members of four drug classes (anti-malarial amino-quinolones, selective estrogen receptor modulators [SERMs], low potency tricyclic antipsychotics and tricyclic antidepressants) as potential drug candidates for COVID-19. Two of them, the tricyclic antipsychotics and tricyclic antidepressants were further excluded based on a high adverse event profile.

Conclusions

In summary, our findings using a new pharmacokinetic-based scoring system supports efficacy testing of only a minority of candidates against SARS-CoV-2 infection.
The Effect of Long-term Sodium-glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitor Treatment on Renal Function in the Patients with Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Baek Jong Ha , Oh Tae Jung , Moon Ju-Young , Kim Taehee , Ko Seung Hyu , Moon Min Kyong , Kim Hyun Jung , Lee Dong Won , Hur Kyu Yeon
Published: August 2020

Chronic kidney disease is developed commonly in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and is the most common cause of end-stage renal disease and related cardiovascular complications. Meanwhile, despite the current standard of care including optimized glucose control and the use of single-agent blockade of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS), patients with T2DM remain at increased risk for death and complications from cardiorenal causes. The recent studies using sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors have shown not only glucose lowering effect, but also a reduction in blood pressure, weight loss, and a lowering cardiovascular risk. Regarding renal outcomes, the use of SGLT2 inhibitor slows the progression of kidney disease compared to placebo when added to standard care. However, concern has been raised that currently available SGLT2 inhibitors in Korea may be also associated with improved renal outcomes with long-term treatment. As a result, we aimed to evaluate the effect of long-term SGLT2 inhibitor treatment on renal function in the patients with T2DM using meta-analysis. (Korean J Med 2020;95:236-243)
Sex Differences in Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors among Korean Adults
Authors: Oh Mi Sook , Jeong Myung Ho
Published: August 2020

Background/Aims: The prevalence of cardiovascular disease among women is lower than that among men in middle age, but increases after middle age. This study was performed to compare the risk factors for cardiovascular disease according to sex in Koreans adults.Methods: Data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey for the 5th, 6th, and 7th years (2010–2017) were analyzed. This study examined the risk factors for cardiovascular disease among adults. From the total of 41,386 patients, 11,529 patients were selected.Results: The overall prevalence of cardiovascular disease in Korean adults was 27.9%, and the prevalence was higher in women than in men (55.3% vs. 44.7%, respectively, p < 0.001). Women with cardiovascular disease were older than men (66.6 ± 9.9 years vs. 63.9 ± 11.1 years, respectively, p < 0.001). The prevalence of cardiovascular disease was higher in women with comorbid depression and rheumatoid arthritis and higher in men with diabetes mellitus. Multivariate regression analysis showed that stress (OR 2.31, 95% CI 1.28–4.17, p = 0.005) and smoking (OR 1.61, 95% CI 1.04–2.48, p = 0.031) were independent risk factors for cardiovascular disease in men, while depression (OR 2.03, 95% CI 1.22–3.39, p = 0.007), low education level, rheumatoid arthritis, and poor subjective health status (OR 1.70, 95% CI 1.20–2.41, p = 0.003) were independent risk factors for cardiovascular disease in women.Conclusions: Differences were detected in cardiovascular risk factors according to sex in Korea. The most important risk factors were smoking and stress in men, and depression, low education level, rheumatoid arthritis, and poor subjective health status in women.
Teaching Basic Dysrhythmias: What Is the Best Approach?
Authors: VanArsdale Stephanie K
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACT

Nurses' ability to accurately interpret cardiac dysrhythmias has resulted in decreased mortality. Four educational approaches to teaching dysrhythmia interpretation were evaluated. Major findings revealed learning was more effective when the lecture-discussion approach was used over a 5-week to 10-week period of time. Nurses also felt more comfortable with their ability to interpret dysrhythmias. These findings have several implications for continuing education departments regarding how and over what period of time this content should be taught.
Impact of Pediatric Subspecialty Training on Perioperative Complications in Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis Surgery
Authors: Yohe Nicholas , Ciminero Matthew , Solomito Matthew , Lee Mark C.
Published: August 2020

This was a retrospective study of data prospectively collected from 2012 to 2016 from the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (ACS NSQIP) database. The objective was to evaluate the effect of pediatric fellowship training on 30-day perioperative morbidity and mortality following posterior spinal fusion (PSF) for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS). Several pathways exist in North America by which physicians acquire the clinical and technical skills to manage AIS surgically. Previous work has noted that surgeons with pediatric fellowship training tend to perform the bulk of pediatric spine surgeries. However, no study has been performed that examines if pediatric fellowship training (PFT) has an impact on early postoperative outcomes. A total of 14,194 AIS surgical patients were identified from the ACS NSQIP database. A cohort receiving isolated PSF was abstracted from this group and separated into 3 groups according to surgeon training: (1) ped+ (with PFT, n=4455); (2) ped-(without PFT, n=325); and (3) ped+match (patients selected from ped+ matched to ped- for age, sex, and fusion levels, n=325). The groups were compared for 30-day perioperative morbidity and mortality. No significant differences were noted for the 3 groups in terms of wound infections, length of hospital stay, readmissions, and unplanned returns to the operating room. Ped+match and ped- groups had no difference in neurologic injury rates. However, the ped+ and ped+match groups had significantly lower rates of blood transfusion and average volume of blood lost compared with the ped- group. Surgeons with pediatric fellowship training have a significantly lower average blood loss volume and blood transfusion rate in PSF for AIS than surgeons without such training. Understanding that different training pathways for surgeons may directly impact operative outcomes invites further examination of surgical education in North America to improve training consistency. [
Orthopedics
. 2020;43(5):e454–e459.]
Risk Factors for Preoperative Opioid Use in Patients Undergoing Primary Anatomic Total Shoulder Arthroplasty
Authors: Morris Brent J. , Sheth Mihir M. , Laughlin Mitzi S. , Elkousy Hussein A. , Edwards T. Bradley
Published: August 2020

The effect of preoperative opioid use in orthopedic patients has been highlighted. Numerous studies have identified worse patient outcomes with pre-operative opioid use; however, there is currently no information identifying risk factors for preoperative opioid use in the total shoulder arthroplasty (TSA) population. The purpose of this study was to determine risk factors for preoperative opioid use in patients undergoing primary anatomic TSA for primary osteoarthritis (OA) and to determine baseline preoperative patient-reported outcomes (PROs) in preoperative opioid users compared with nonopioid users. The authors studied 982 TSAs performed for primary glenohumeral joint OA in a prospective TSA registry. Patient demographic and clinical characteristics were prospectively assessed and included age; sex; socioeconomic status (SES); smoking status; body mass index (BMI); and history of chronic back pain, depression, diabetes mellitus, and heart disease. Preoperative PROs, range of motion measurements, and preoperative opioid use for shoulder pain were assessed. Overall, 254 (25.9%) of 982 total patients were taking preoperative opioids for shoulder pain in the setting of primary OA. Female sex (
P
=.023), younger age (
P
=.019), obesity (BMI >30 kg/m
2
) (
P
=.043), chronic back pain (
P
<.001), and lower SES (
P
=.002) were associated with increased preoperative opioid use following multivariate logistic regression. Patients with opioid use had significantly worse preoperative pain scores (
P
<.001), American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons scores (
P
<.001), and total Constant scores (
P
<.002) compared with the non-opioid group. [
Orthopedics
. 2020;43(6):356–360.]
Improvement in Postoperative Pain Control and Length of Stay With Peripheral Nerve Block Prior to Distal Radius Repair
Authors: Johnson Pierce , Hustedt Joshua , Matiski Thomas , Childers Robert , Lederman Evan
Published: August 2020

Distal radius repair is a common orthopedic surgery often performed at outpatient surgical centers. To date, little is known regarding optimal pain control in this setting. In this study, the authors evaluated patients who underwent distal radius open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) in an outpatient surgery center setting. Comparisons between 2 surgical groups, peripheral nerve block without general anesthesia vs general anesthesia only, were recorded in terms of postoperative length of stay (LOS) in phase I, total LOS, and patient-reported pain level at discharge. The authors identified 80 patients undergoing distal radius ORIF from March to August 2016. A total of 37 (46.3%) patients received general anesthesia only and 43 (53.8%) patients received peripheral nerve block without general anesthesia. Overall, patients in the nerve block only group showed a statistically significant decrease in pain at discharge, as well as decreased phase I and total LOS. Although the power of the data is low relative to the number of distal radius procedures performed every year, there is a trend of better pain control and decreased LOS when using nerve blocks instead of general anesthesia. [
Orthopedics
. 2020;43(6):e549–e552.]
First Do No Harm: Psychotropic Prescribing Principles and Guidelines for Older Adults
Authors: Kverno Karan
Published: August 2020

The drive to prescribe to alleviate symptoms and ease suffering is prevalent in health care. In psychiatry, it is no different. Although monotherapy remains the preferred approach to treating psychiatric disorders, especially when combined with nonpharmacological approaches, in practice, a focus on remission of symptoms over patient preferences and quality of life can result in higher doses than necessary and polypharmacy from the addition of drugs for augmentation or treatment of adverse effects. This is especially concerning for older adults who are likely to have comorbid medical disorders, eventually leading to prescribing cascades as different providers address different symptoms. Whereas we generally look to best practice guidelines to treat identified disorders, the approach to treating older adults with multimorbidities requires collaboration among the patient, the family (if appropriate), and the provider to re-evaluate goals based on the patient's priorities, and to examine tradeoffs, reduce medication overload, and simplify care. Fortunately, many resources are available to help the clinician in this process. [
Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services, 58
(8), 12–16.]
Additive and linear conjucyclic codes over $ {\mathbb{F}}_4 $
Authors: Abualrub Taher , Dougherty Steven T.
Published: August 2020

Conjucyclic codes were first introduced by Calderbank, Rains, Shor and Sloane in [1] because of their applications in quantum error-correction. In this paper, we study linear and additive conjucyclic codes over the finite field \begin{document}$ {\mathbb{F}}_{4} $\end{document} and produce a duality for which the orthogonal, with respect to that duality, of conjucyclic codes is conjucyclic. Moreover, we show that this is not the case for other standard dualities. We show that additive conjucyclic codes are the only non-trivial conjucyclic codes over \begin{document}$ {\mathbb{F}}_{4} $\end{document} and we use a linear algebraic approach to classify these codes. We will also show that additive conjucyclic codes of length \begin{document}$ n $\end{document} over \begin{document}$ {\mathbb{F}}_{4} $\end{document} are isomorphic to binary cyclic codes of length \begin{document}$ 2n. $\end{document}
The formation of self-assembled structures of C60 in solution and in the volume of an evaporating drop of a colloidal solution
Authors: Makhmanov Urol Kudratovich , Kokhkharov Abdulmutallib , Bakhramov Sagdilla , Erts Donats
Published: August 2020

The results of experiments on the self-aggregation of C60 fullerene molecules both inside a two-component solvent (xylene/tetrahydrofuran) and in the volume of an evaporating drop of C60 colloidal solution on a flat substrate surface are presented. The investigations of C60 solutions using dynamic light scattering, transmission electron microscopy and UV–Vis absorption spectroscopy methods revealed the possibility of synthesis of fractal nanoaggregates with a diameter of up to ~135 nm at low concentrations of C60 in the solutions. The final geometric dimensions of C60 nanoaggregates were determined by the initial concentration of fullerene in the solvent medium. Using the scanning electron microscopy method, we have shown that in an open dissipative system – in the volume of an evaporating droplet of the colloidal solution of fullerene C60 sessile on the surface of a flat glass substrate, large quasispherical nanoaggregates with an average diameter of ~380–800 nm are formed. The physical features and regularities that characterize the processes of self-aggregation of fullerene particles in the volume of a drying drop were determined.
The Innovation of Natural Rubber Applied with Concrete Road Barriers in Thailand
Authors: Cheewapattananuwong Weeradej , Chaloeywares Pathom
Published: August 2020

The Development of Natural Rubber for Traffic Devices in Thailand has been researched in several years. The enormous budgets have also been invested for the increasing of rubber prices. One of Traffic Devices is the application of natural rubber sheets for the protection of motorists - driving motorcycles as crashed through concrete barriers. The number of road side accidents on rural roads in Thailand is about 3 fatality per 10 kilometers. Therefore, the 11.20 MTB per a Fatality of accident cost is evaluated to be 3,360 TB per km. This leads to the mitigation methods to remedy a symptom’s motorist from severity to moderate and mild respectively. The solution is to find the best practice of road barrier which is applied with natural rubber latex glued with concrete barrier. In addition, the composite materials will be calculated of the modulus of elasticity and properties such as, strength and durability. The simulation of crashes, finite element of materials, LRFD and Concrete Technology methods will be taken into consideration. The testing of material in Thailand will be firstly applied for these, for example the road crash testing under the standard of NCHRP – TL3 (100 kph) will be taken into account.
Movement Behaviour in a Mall Environment Observing Shoppers’ Floor Choices of Strolling
Authors: Widiyani
Published: August 2020

Scholars have studied about interactions between human behaviour and shopping environment for a long decade. This study investigates shopping behaviour in a mall environment to understand how shoppers choose the routes while strolling in a mall. To that objective, this study aims to figure out the effectiveness of a high-rise mall by examining floor choices of shoppers’ strolling in a 6-floor of Jakarta shopping mall. The data is captured shoppers’ strolling activities in the entire mall starting when they enter the mall and ending when they exit the mall as well as visual socio-demographics such as gender, age and number of accompany and the time shoppers spend in the mall. A descriptive analysis is applied to understand shoppers’ patterns of switch the floors and floor visits. Results show that the higher the floor is, the less stores visit shoppers make. Findings also present that in general one floor below ground floor, ground floor, and one floor above ground floor have more visits than the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd floors. Furthermore, results demonstrate there is a relationship between the time spent in the mall and the number of accompanying persons that shoppers have. Results suggest malls’ practitioners should consider the appropriate height of a high-rise mall as the high-rise mall is not efficient.
Welded Stainless Steel: Surface Oxidation, Characterization, Hardness and Corrosion Resistance
Authors: Tippayasam Chayanee , Palomas Jednupong , Wiman Panya , Kaewvilai Attaphon
Published: August 2020

This research presented the surface oxidation of stainless steel grade 304 (S304) welded by a gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) process. The welded S304 was inspected by visual and penetrant testing methods. The surface of the welded specimen was oxidized by the chromic solution to an obtained oxide film on S304 welded specimen. After that, the structural phase and crystallite size of the oxide film were investigated by X-ray diffractometer (XRD). The thickness of the obtained film was analyzed by an atomic force microscope (AFM). Furthermore, the effects of the oxide film on hardness and corrosion properties of specimen were analyzed by Vickers hardness tester and potentiostat instrument to study the correlation between the property of oxide film and the surface properties of the welded pipe S304 after oxidation.
Investigation of Anisotropy Effect on the Material Properties Obtained from Biaxial Tests
Authors: Udomraksasakul Chalida , Intarakumthornchai Thanasan , Aue-u-Lan Yingyot
Published: August 2020

Hydraulic bulge test or biaxial test is a well-known mechanical test used to determine a flow stress of material because of the large level of effective strains and not interfered by the necking unlike in uniaxial tensile test. However, the flow stress obtained is influenced by the anisotropy effect. That flow stress needs to be corrected by the anisotropic values (r-values) obtained from the uniaxial tensile test which limited by the necking. Therefore, to obtain the accurate flow stress the r-values should be determined directly from the biaxial test. The elliptical tests with ratio of 2 (the ratio between major and minor axis) at different sheet orientations (0๐ and 90๐ from the rolling direction) and the equibiaxial test were proposed. In this research, the effect of the sheet orientations upon the flow stress (K and n values) under biaxial tests was investigated by experiment and equation of material grade SPCD with the thickness of 0.8mm. The results showed that the flow stress without correcting r-values gave more variations than those with correcting one with the r-values obtained from the uniaxial test. Therefore, the r-values used to correct the flow stress under biaxial test should be directly determined from the biaxial test.
Effect of Atmosphere on Duplex Oxide Formed on 9Cr Steel at 550 °C
Authors: Shirani Bidabadi Mohammad Hassan , Rehman Abdul , Zheng Yu , Yang Liang , Chandra-Ambhorn Somrerk , Yang Zhi Gang
Published: August 2020

Commercial F91 steel was exposed to atmospheric pressure CO2 and laboratory air at 550 °C for exposure times up to 1000 h. In both atmospheres, a Fe-rich duplex oxide scale formed, but with different morphology, oxide phases and growth rates. In CO2, the duplex morphology was observed at the onset of oxidation and it was found that the cooling rate affect the oxide phases formed on the outer scale. In air, the alloy initially formed a protective chromium rich oxide layer, followed by the nucleation and growth of duplex iron-rich oxide nodules at random locations, leading to breakaway oxidation. Alloy carburization was also observed in CO2 but not in air environment.
Catalytic Oxidation of Furfural to Succinic Acid in the Presence of Sulfonic Resins
Authors: Kingkaew Wipawan , Kaewwiset Thanis , Thubsuang Uthen , Siripattana Сhairat , Nuithitikul Kamchai
Published: August 2020

This research investigates the application of three sulfonic resins (Amberlyst-15, Dowex-G26 and Dowex Monosphere-650C) as acid heterogeneous catalysts for oxidation reaction of furfural with hydrogen peroxide solution. The reaction was carried out in a batch reactor with varied reaction time (4-24 h) and temperature (70-90 °C). The sulfonic resins were characterized as to their structure and chemical composition by N2 adsorption-desorption isotherm, Fourier transformed-infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, acid-base titration, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results showed that all three resins gave similar catalytic activities. The highest yield of succinic acid was 75.7 % in the presence of Dowex-G26 catalyst at 80 °C and 4 h.
Synthesis of Biogenic Nanosilica from Rice Husk: Using Scaling-Up Batch Reactor from Laboratory
Authors: Chainaruprasert Ravisara , Pongprayoon Thirawudh
Published: August 2020

Biogenatic nanosilica was synthesized by sol-gel method from rice husk ash. The batch reactor was designed to scaling-up from laboratory scale approximately 5 g to approximately 300 g of the feed raw materials. The synthesized silica products from lab-scale vessel and scaling up designed batch reactor were compared with percent yield and nanoparticle size. The particles of nanosilica from both scale productions were characterized by X-ray Fluorescence (XRF), X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The size and size distribution of nanoparticles were estimated by ImageJ software in 100 points from SEM images. The synthesized nanosilica particles from laboratory vessel and designed reactor were the same of % yield production, components, physical structure, silica purity, and nanoparticle size. Moreover, the commercial nanosilica was analyzed for comparison.
High Temperature Degradation of Thermal Oxides on AISI 304 Stainless Steels by Carbon
Authors: Tungtrongpairoj Jennarong , Thongyoug Penpisuth , Saranyachot Phichai , Chandra-Ambhorn Somrerk
Published: August 2020

AISI 304 austenitic stainless steel specimens are oxidised in laboratory air at 750 °C for 48 h. They are further subjected to the reduction test in carbon at 1350 °C for 30 and 60 min. The results show that the mass gain of the oxidised AISI 304 slighter increases to be 0.08 mg cm–2 after the reduction for 30 min and is unchanged at the longer reduction period up to 60 min. The oxide on AISI 304 is deteriorated after the reduction but its morphology tends to be unchanged when the reduction period is longer from 30 to 60 min. The results then indicate the superior performance of the AISI 304 to combat the corrosion under carbon at this high temperature.
Effect of Solvent Cleaning on Thermo-Mechanical and Rheological Properties of Plastic Wastes from Municipal Solid Waste (MSW)
Authors: Techawinyutham Laongdaw , Techawinyutham Wiroj
Published: August 2020

The plastics from municipal solid waste (MSW) were modified to improve cleanness for adding value. The stir and sonication were performed as cleaning processes. Xylene, tetrachloroethylene, chloroform, acetone and toluene were used as solvent cleaning. The most suitable cleaning process was sonication method with cleaning time of 5 min and the appropriate solvent was xylene for washing the plastic wastes for further study in terms of thermo-mechanical and rheological properties. The cleaning process was successful as evidence in thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) results. The properties of new plastics, cleaned plastic wastes and plastic wastes were compared and analyzed. Tensile strength of the specimens from plastic wastes was slightly decreased; however, elongation and impact strength of cleaned plastic wastes and plastic wastes sharply dropped as compared to new plastics. Tensile modulus of cleaned plastic wastes was slightly better than that of new plastics. Thermal stability of plastic waste was slightly lower than that of new plastic. Shear storage modulus (Gʹ), shear loss modulus (Gʺ) and shear viscosity (η) of new plastics showed the maximum value; on the other hand, those properties of cleaned plastic wastes and plastic wastes were similar. The cleaning method with solvent did not destroy thermo-mechanical and rheological properties of the cleaned plastic wastes.
Influence of Temperature, Time and Crosslinking Agent on Structure and Properties of Polyurethane Gel
Authors: Pongmuksuwan Pornlada , Kitisatorn Wanlop , Katabunyanont Soratorn
Published: August 2020

Polyurethane (PU) gel was synthesized based on methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI) and polyols corporation with 1,1,1-Tris(hydroxymethyl)propane (TMP) as a crosslinking agent. The chemical structure of synthesized polyurethane gel was investigated using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The effects of curing temperature, curing time, and crosslinking concentration on the degree of swelling, gel content and hardness of polyurethane gel are investigated. In addition, the crosslink density and average molecular weight between crosslinking points were determined using the Flory-Rehner equation. The results revealed that the curing temperature had more pronounced effect on degree of swelling and gel content than curing time. As the curing temperature increased the degree of swelling and gel content in polyurethane gel increased. Curing time seem to have a complicated effect on crosslink density and average molecular weight between crosslinking points. The hardness of polyurethane gel tends to increase with increasing crosslinking concentration and curing time.
Jute Fiber Reinforced Thermoplastic Composites Fabricated by Direct Fiber Feeding Injection Molding (DFFIM) Process
Authors: Sarasook Prattakon , Uawongsuwan Putinun , Memon Anin , Hamada Hiroyuki
Published: August 2020

In this research, jute fiber reinforced polypropylene and poly (lactic acid) composites were fabricated, respectively by Direct Fiber Feeding Injection molding (DFFIM) process. Jute spun yarns were directly fed into the barrel of molding process in order to eliminate the fiber breakage during extrusion compounding process. Mechanical properties of both composites were investigated by tensile testing and morphological properties were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). For jute reinforced polypropylene (PP) composites, tensile strength of composite decreased but modulus increased, compared with neat PP. The using maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene (MaPP) can improve interfacial bonding between jute fiber and PP matrix as observed by SEM, which resulted in the increasing of tensile strength. Therefore, in the case of jute/PLA composites, jute fibers surface treated with sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and silane coupling agent to improve interfacial adhesion. The tensile strength of untreated-jute/PLA composites are not different with PLA matrix but tensile modulus of untreated composites are higher than PLA matrix. In addition it is found that the tensile properties of NaOH-treated jute/PLA and NaOH+Silane-treated jute/PLA composites were improved, compared with untreated composites.
Experimental Study on Heat Dissipative Ability in Recycled Thermoplastic Vulcanizate and Reclaimed Rubber Composites
Authors: Yeetsorn Rungsima , Maiket Yaowaret , Ungtrakul Thitinun
Published: August 2020

In our time with the growing cooling demand in electronics and energy industries, new thermally conductive materials are in high demand. Thermal gasket and thermal interface materials (TIM) are applications acquiring the characteristics of the thermally conductive materials. They are used to offer bonding strength and efficient heat dissipation for heat dissipating device applications. These materials are inserted between two components in order to increase the thermal coupling between them. Elastomeric materials are promising as the thermal gasket and TIM. They are, however, limited for thermal conductivity causing a thermal insulator behaviour. In this framework, the major challenge is to create suitable elastomeric composites for enhancing thermal conductivity, whereas remaining a good elastic behavior. This article presents the effects of thermally conductive fillers (aluminum nitrile and zinc oxide) on thermal properties and flexibility of recycled thermoplastic elastomer vulcanizate composites and reclaimed rubber composites, while the analysis of composite morphology is scrutinized. The objective of this research is to perceive the characteristics of recycled elastomeric composites in order to deduce a fundamental notion to develop the gaskets or TIMs from recycled materials. New flexible composites are capable to provide approximately 0.4 W/m-K of thermal conductivity. The result indicates that the composites are conceivable to be applied for thermally conductive tape or adhesive applications which required the thermal conductivity in the range of 0.4-0.5 W/m-K.