bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Constraints on the anisotropic parameters for pseudoelastic vertical transverse isotropy wave equations and the applications on imaging carbonate reservoirs
Authors: Zhang Houzhu (James) , Liu Hongwei , Zhao Yang
Published: November 2018

Seismic anisotropy is an intrinsic elastic property. Appropriate accounting of anisotropy is critical for correct and accurate positioning seismic events in reverse time migration. Although the full elastic wave equation may serve as the ultimate solution for modeling and imaging, pseudoelastic and pseudoacoustic wave equations are more preferable due to their computation efficiency and simplicity in practice. The anisotropic parameters and their relations are not arbitrary because they are constrained by the energy principle. Based on the investigation of the stability condition of the pseudoelastic wave equations, we have developed a set of explicit formulations for determining the S-wave velocity from given Thomsen’s parameters [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] for vertical transverse isotropy and tilted transverse isotropy media. The estimated S-wave velocity ensures that the wave equations are stable and well-posed in the cases of [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]. In the case of [Formula: see text], a common situation in carbonate, a positive value of S-wave velocity is needed to avoid the wavefield instability. Comparing the stability constraints of the pseudoelastic- with the full-elastic wave equation, we conclude that the feasible range of [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] was slightly larger for the pseudoelastic assumption. The success of achieving high-accuracy images and high-quality angle gathers using the proposed constraints is demonstrated in a synthetic example and a field example from Saudi Arabia.
Cognitive Bias: The Downside of Shared Decision Making
Authors: Ozdemir Semra , Finkelstein Eric Andrew
Published: November 2018

This narrative review presents theoretical and empirical evidence of common cognitive biases that are likely to influence treatment choices of patients with cancer and other illnesses. We present an overview of common cognitive biases that result from how and when information is presented to patients. We supplement these descriptions with cancer-specific examples or those from other health fields if no cancer-specific examples are available. The results provide compelling evidence that patient treatment choices are subconsciously influenced by both known and unknown biases. Shared decision making is ideal in theory, but in reality, it is fraught with risks resulting from cognitive biases and undue influence of even the best-intentioned physicians and family members. Efforts should be made to minimize these concerns and to help patients to make decisions that their future selves are least likely to regret.
Neurogenesis in the sea urchin embryo is initiated uniquely in three domains
Authors: McClay David R. , Miranda Esther , Feinberg Stacy L.
Published: November 2018

Many marine larvae begin feeding within a day of fertilization, thus requiring rapid development of a nervous system to coordinate feeding activities. Here, we examine the patterning and specification of early neurogenesis in sea urchin embryos. Lineage analysis indicates that neurons arise locally in three regions of the embryo. Perturbation analyses showed that when patterning is disrupted, neurogenesis in the three regions is differentially affected, indicating distinct patterning requirements for each neural domain. Six transcription factors that function during proneural specification were identified and studied in detail. Perturbations of these proneural transcription factors showed that specification occurs differently in each neural domain prior to the Delta-Notch restriction signal. Though gene regulatory network state changes beyond the proneural restriction are largely unresolved, the data here show that the three neural regions already differ from each other significantly early in specification. Future studies that define the larval nervous system in the sea urchin must therefore separately characterize the three populations of neurons that enable the larva to feed, to navigate, and to move food particles through the gut.
Single cell transcriptome analysis of human, marmoset and mouse embryos reveals common and divergent features of preimplantation development
Authors: Boroviak Thorsten , Stirparo Giuliano G. , Dietmann Sabine , Hernando-Herraez Irene , Mohammed Hisham , Reik Wolf , Smith Austin , Sasaki Erika , Nichols Jennifer , Bertone Paul
Published: November 2018

The mouse embryo is the canonical model for mammalian preimplantation development. Recent advances in single cell profiling allow detailed analysis of embryogenesis in other eutherian species, including human, to distinguish conserved from divergent regulatory programs and signalling pathways in the rodent paradigm. Here, we identify and compare transcriptional features of human, marmoset and mouse embryos by single cell RNA-seq. Zygotic genome activation correlates with the presence of polycomb repressive complexes in all three species, while ribosome biogenesis emerges as a predominant attribute in primate embryos, supporting prolonged translation of maternally deposited RNAs. We find that transposable element expression signatures are species, stage and lineage specific. The pluripotency network in the primate epiblast lacks certain regulators that are operative in mouse, but encompasses WNT components and genes associated with trophoblast specification. Sequential activation of GATA6, SOX17 and GATA4 markers of primitive endoderm identity is conserved in primates. Unexpectedly, OTX2 is also associated with primitive endoderm specification in human and non-human primate blastocysts. Our cross-species analysis demarcates both conserved and primate-specific features of preimplantation development, and underscores the molecular adaptability of early mammalian embryogenesis.
Nucleobase carbonyl groups are poor Mg2+inner-sphere binders but excellent monovalent ion binders—a critical PDB survey
Authors: Leonarski Filip , D'Ascenzo Luigi , Auffinger Pascal
Published: November 2018

Precise knowledge of Mg2+inner-sphere binding site properties is vital for understanding the structure and function of nucleic acid systems. Unfortunately, the PDB, which represents the main source of Mg2+binding sites, contains a substantial number of assignment issues that blur our understanding of the functions of these ions. Here, following a previous study devoted to Mg2+binding to nucleobase nitrogens, we surveyed nucleic acid X-ray structures from the PDB with resolutions ≤2.9 Å to classify the Mg2+inner-sphere binding patterns to nucleotide carbonyl, ribose hydroxyl, cyclic ether, and phosphodiester oxygen atoms. From this classification, we derived a set of “prior-knowledge” nucleobase Mg2+binding sites. We report that crystallographic examples of trustworthy nucleobase Mg2+binding sites are fewer than expected since many of those are associated with misidentified Na+or K+. We also emphasize that binding of Na+and K+to nucleic acids is much more frequent than anticipated. Overall, we provide evidence derived from X-ray structures that nucleobases are poor inner-sphere binders for Mg2+but good binders for monovalent ions. Based on strict stereochemical criteria, we propose an extended set of guidelines designed to help in the assignment and validation of ions directly contacting nucleobase and ribose atoms. These guidelines should help in the interpretation of X-ray and cryo-EM solvent density maps. When borderline Mg2+stereochemistry is observed, alternative placement of Na+, K+, or Ca2+must be considered. We also critically examine the use of lanthanides (Yb3+, Tb3+) as Mg2+substitutes in crystallography experiments.
Roles of specific aminoglycoside–ribosome interactions in the inhibition of translation
Authors: Ying Lanqing , Zhu Hongkun , Shoji Shinichiro , Fredrick Kurt
Published: November 2018

Aminoglycosides containing a 2-deoxystreptamine core (AGs) represent a large family of antibiotics that target the ribosome. These compounds promote miscoding, inhibit translocation, and inhibit ribosome recycling. AG binding to helix h44 of the small subunit induces rearrangement of A-site nucleotides A1492 and A1493, which promotes a key open-to-closed conformational change of the subunit and thereby increases miscoding. Mechanisms by which AGs inhibit translocation and recycling remain less clear. Structural studies have revealed a secondary AG binding site in H69 of the large subunit, and it has been proposed that interaction at this site is crucial for inhibition of translocation and recycling. Here, we analyze ribosomes with mutations targeting either or both AG binding sites. Assaying translocation, we find that ablation of the h44 site increases the IC50 values for AGs dramatically, while removal of the H69 site increases these values modestly. This suggests that the AG–h44 interaction is primarily responsible for inhibition, with H69 playing a minor role. Assaying recycling, we find that mutation of h44 has no effect on AG inhibition, consistent with a primary role for AG–H69 interaction. Collectively, these findings help clarify the roles of the two AG binding sites in mechanisms of inhibition by these compounds.
Recent advances in imaging and understanding interstitial cystitis
Authors: Tyagi Pradeep , Moon Chan-Hong , Janicki Joseph , Kaufman Jonathan , Chancellor Michael , Yoshimura Naoki , Chermansky Christopher
Published: November 2018

Interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome (IC/BPS) is a debilitating condition associated with intense pelvic pain and bladder storage symptoms. Since diagnosis is difficult, prevalence estimates vary with the methodology used. There is also a lack of proven imaging tools and biomarkers to assist in differentiation of IC/BPS from other urinary disorders (overactive bladder, vulvodynia, endometriosis, and prostatitis). Current uncertainty regarding the etiology and pathology of IC/BPS ultimately impacts its timely and successful treatment, as well as hampers future drug development. This review will cover recent developments in imaging methods, such as magnetic resonance imaging, that advance the understanding of IC/BPS and guide drug development.
Analysis of survival for patients in relation to central venous catheter and nosocomial blood stream infections: A case study of Aga Khan University Hospital, Nairobi
Authors: Kiroro Francis Maina , Twahir Majid
Published: November 2018

Background: This study was focussed on survival rates of patients admitted to acute care units who utilized medical devices known as central venous catheters (CVC). CVCs are useful devices in clinical care; however some infections such as central line associated bloodstream infections (CLABSI) may occur, which are associated with increased lengths of stay and costs as well as higher morbidity and mortality rates.

The overall objective of the present study was to determine survival probabilities and hazard rates for patients who used CVC devices and compare the subgroups by infection status.

Methods: The study was focused on all patients who were admitted to Critical Care Units between 8th December 2012 and 31st March 2016 and utilized CVC devices. It was a retrospective study. Survival analysis techniques, test of equality of proportions, Man-Whitney test and Chi–square test of independence were used.

Results: A total of 363 out of 1089 patients included in the study died during hospitalization. 47 patients developed nosocomial CLABSI. The average duration was 18.19 days and median of 12 days for hospitalized patients who did not develop a nosocomial CLABSI compared to an average of 56.79 days and a median of 51 days for those who did. There was a significantly higher proportion of mortality of those who developed nosocomial CLABSI compared to those that didn’t (p-value=0.01379). The results indicate that there was a significant association between infection status and discharge status, and significant difference to the survival rates of the patients based on infection status.

Conclusions: There is a significant impact on mortality and morbidity of patients who develop nosocomial CLABSI. The duration of hospitalization by patients who developed CLABSI was significantly higher compared to patients who did not. Increased length of stay leads to higher cost of hospitalization.
No Joint Ownership! Shared Emotions Are Social-relational Emotions
Authors: Bohl Vivian
Published: November 2018

There are cases of emotion that we readily describe as 'sharing emotions with other people.' How should we understand such cases? Joel Krueger has proposed the Joint Ownership Thesis (JOT): the view that two or more people can literally share the same emotional episode. His view is partly inspired by his reading of Merleau-Ponty -- arguably Merleau-Ponty advocates a version of JOT in his "The child's relations with others." My critical analysis demonstrates that JOT is flawed in several respects: 1) It involves a vague account of joint subjects; 2) It relies on a confusion between phenomenological and ontological levels of analysis. When these are clearly distinguished, Krueger's phenomenological analysis contradicts JOT understood as an ontological claim; 3) It relies on a highly problematic coupling-constitution inference; 4) It relies on a shift from the claim that the child and the caregiver jointly realize an emotion, to the claim about joint ownership, which is a non sequitur. I argue that we can reach a better understanding of the phenomenon of shared emotions by bringing in another level of analysis: that of social relationships. I propose that shared emotions are a special case of social-relational emotions, typically arising within and/or giving rise to communal relationships.
Advanced equine diagnostics — magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Riley Isabell
Published: November 2018

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has become one of the most valuable pieces of diagnostic equipment in equine practice. Both standing and general anaesthetic units are available in the UK, and with growing popularity and public understanding, clinicians have an increased ability to utilise this modality. Considered ‘gold standard’ in terms of lameness diagnostics, MRI is non-invasive and has the capacity to enable precise diagnosis and treatment to be provided. MRI does not use ionising radiation and to date there has been no conclusive evidence to suggest any negative biological hazards associated with its use in patients or technicians. Ensuring the environment the unit is kept in is regulated, with minimal outside radiofrequency interference, and a clear gauss line adhered to, MRI can be calibrated via external services electronically or manually by appropriately trained staff. Patient care and procedural understanding are crucial elements of the veterinary nurse's role; identifying possible complications and implementing nursing interventions appropriately are vital to the successful management of the equine MRI patient.
The Effect of Long - Term Computer Use on Health- Related Physiological Perspectives
Authors: Habibzadeh Nasim
Published: November 2018

Overusing the computer and internet can yield several health problems. The enhanced use of computer on can impact on both physiological and psychiatric health factors. It is accompanies with bad posture, musculoskeletal pains, obesity, weaker eyesight and mental illness. Health hazard of computer use life demands serious concern. Performing regular exercise largely can prevent or reduce the aforementioned issues that can be expected from computer and internet overuses. Physical activity such as 15 or 30 minutes walking for any break and reducing of the spending time to work with this kind of technology can account for as a helpful strategy toward living in more ideal manners.
Translation: ‘An Epistle from God’ by Yeremei Aipin
Authors: Taslic Oliver
Published: November 2018

To download this paper, please click here.

Yeremei Aipin (b. 1948) is Russia’s foremost Khanty author. The Khanty, sometimes known as the Ostyaks, are an indigenous people in west Siberia and number about 30,000. Among other things, they are notable for their role in the Kazym rebellion (c. 1931-34), which was the last known conflict between the Soviet authorities and an indigenous Siberian people, and upon which the following story touches. Although many of Aipin’s works are available in other languages, he has not been widely published in English. The British Library, for example, stocks just one such book. The following translation of ‘An Epistle from God’ (1990), an accessible, entertaining, and thoughtful short story, seeks to change this. It is worth mentioning that the following translation has been slightly abridged (the first two chapters have been redacted), and that it was translated from the original Russian, not from Khanty (although the Khanty language is mentioned in the story).
Gains and Losses of HLA Class II (DR) and CD4 in Atypical Hyperplasia, Carcinoma in situ and Infiltrating Ductal Carcinoma of the Breast
Authors: Tamiolakis Demetrio , Venizelos Ioannis , Lambropoulou Maria , Jivannakis Theodoros , Seliniotaki Evagelia , Tsikouras Panagiotis , Limberis Vasilios , Tsalkidis Angelos , Papadopoulos Nikolas
Published: November 2018

Aim: Breast cancer is a frequent cause of death among women with gynaecologic malignancies despite the introduction of combination chemotherapy. There is therefore a need for new therapeutic strategies for patients with breast cancer, such as cellular immunotherapy. In this immunohistochemical study we analyzed the epithelial expression of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II (HLA-DR) on atypical and malignant primary mammary epithelial cells, as well as the magnitude of the stromal T lymphocytes (T4 subset) at the tumor site. Experimental design: The study was carried out retrospectively in tumor tissue from 82 patients with mammary lesions (31 cases of atypical ductal hyperplasia -ADH-, 12 cases of ductal carcinoma in situ –DCIS- and 39 cases of infiltrating ductal carcinoma not otherwise specified -IDC-NOS). Medullary carcinomas were not included in our investigation. Material used had been formalin fixed and paraffin embedded. Results: HLA class II (DR) was expressed in 20 of 31 ADHs (64.5%), in 4 of 12 DCISs (33.3%), and in 10 of 39 IDC-NOSs (25.6%). CD4 was expressed in 9 of 31 ADHs (29%), in 5 of 12 DCISs (42%), and in 26 of 39 IDCNOSs (67%). Conclusions: The results showed decreased epithelial expression of HLA class II (DR) and increased stromal expression of CD4, as the lesion progressed to malignancy. Gradual loss of epithelial HLA class II expression might be a manifestation of cellular differentiation from the atypical form versus the malignant one, signaling simultaneously a selective effect on the response capacity of the immune system.
Age and Sex Variability of Initial Parts of the QRS Complex Displayed in Isointegral Maps of Young People
Authors: Kozlíková Katarína , Martinka Juraj
Published: November 2018

Although body surface electrocardiographic mapping is used also in clinical practice, there are only a few papers concerning the isointegral maps (IIMs) in children. We constructed IIMs of 169 healthy young people during the initial parts of the QRS complex: the first 20 ms (QRS20), 30 ms (QRS30), 40 ms (QRS40), and from 20 ms to 40 ms (QRS20–40). Subjects were divided into 6 groups: 9–10 y (F1, M1), 13–14 y (F2, M2), 18–19 y (F3; M3). We analysed the extreme values of each time integral. We found maxima and peak-to-peak values decreasing with age, while minima tended to increase (became less negative). Most age differences were found in IIM QRS20–40 and between peak-to-peak values. Least differences were between minima. Maxima and peak-to-peak values were higher in males than in females. No significant differences were found in any extreme value between groups F1 and M1 except for IIM QRS20 maxima. Significant sex differences increased with age. The only significant difference found in minima was between F2 and M2. Most sex differences were found in IIM QRS20. We assume that our findings can be explained (at least in part) by the influence of heart – chest geometry.
Examination of Dentin Surface Using AFM (Our Experience)
Authors: Zapletalová Zdeňka , Kubínek Roman , Vůjtek Milan , Novotný Radko
Published: November 2018

Atomic force microscopy (AFM) as one the technique of Scanning Probe Microscopy is useful for imaging of surface structure. This method can yield three-dimensional high-resolution topographic images of sample surfaces by using a scanning technique for conductors and insulators on atomic scale. It is based upon mapping of atomic-forces on a surface of an investigated sample. The method is useful not only in physics and chemistry; it can be also applied in biological fields. Special construction of AFM scanner enables to follow biological samples in liquid environments. Artifacts caused by dehydration of samples are removed this way. Dentin of human teeth is a vital hydrated tissue. It is strongly sensitive to dehydration and drying that are commonly used in preparation of samples in examinations by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). We describe our experience in examination of dentin surfaces of extracted human third molars using contact method of AFM under moist conditions.
Acetylcholinesterase and Butyrylcholinesterase – Important Enzymes of Human Body
Authors: Patočka Jiří , Kuča Kamil , Jun Daniel
Published: November 2018

The serine hydrolases and proteases are a ubiquitous group of enzymes that is fundamental to many critical lifefunctions. Human tissues have two distinct cholinesterase activities: acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase. Acetylcholinesterase functions in the transmission of nerve impulses, whereas the physiological function of butyrylcholinesterase remains unknown. Acetylcholinesterase is one of the crucial enzymes in the central and peripheral nerve system. Organophosphates and carbamates are potent inhibitors of serine hydrolases and well suited probes for investigating the chemical reaction mechanism of the inhibition. Understanding the enzyme’s chemistry is essential in preventing and/or treating organophosphate and carbamate poisoning as well as designing new medicaments for cholinergic-related diseases like as Alzheimer’s disease.
From confounded to common ground: Misunderstandings between tertiary teachers and students in online discussions
Authors: Forbes Dianne , Gedera Dilani
Published: November 2018

Drawing on findings from two studies, this article focuses on the expectations of students and teachers in higher education, when learning via asynchronous online discussions. In particular, this synthesis highlights a divergence of expectations. The first study investigated how students and teachers experienced asynchronous online discussion within initial teacher education at undergraduate level. The second study examined factors that affect learner engagement within asynchronous online discussions at a postgraduate level. A synthesis of key findings proposes that learning and teaching in higher education can be enhanced by awareness of how participants experience the situation. Common misunderstandings between students and teachers in online classes revolve around presence, formative/summative dimensions, language, and literature. Highlighting misunderstandings enables possibilities for negotiation, change, and improvement. While discussing the common ground for negotiation, this article suggests pedagogical strategies for effective communication and enhancement of online learning in higher education.
Категория пародии и трагизма в романе Татьяны Толстой „Кысь”
Authors: Chudzińska-Parkosadze Anna
Published: November 2018

This article presents an attempt to specify the categories of parody and tragedy in the novel The Slynx which was written by Tatyana Tolstaya. Since the novel is a postmodern work, the presence of parody seems to be obvious. However, the category of tragedy in a work of this type is a curious novelty, which is analyzed by the author of this article.
„Rossica” jako środek opisu i interpretacji życia politycznego we współczesnej Polsce
Authors: Sarnowski Michał
Published: November 2018

This article is an attempt to show the interesting way in which the Polish press describes and interprets contemporary political life in Poland by making various allusions (i.e. references) to history and participants in current political life in Russia.
Parodia w opowiadaniach Tatiany Tołstoj
Authors: Kalita Liliana
Published: November 2018

Tatyana Tolstaya is one of the most accomplished contemporary Russian writers. She represents a postmodernist trend of which parody is a vital part. In her prose one can find parodies of political systems, social groups, romantic ideals, Soviet reality and human behavior. The article analyzes Tolstaya’s use of parody in her most popular stories, i.e. Hunting the Wooly Mammoth, Fire and Dust, Night, The Fakir and Okkervil River.
Święto w językowej świadomości Polaków i Rosjan
Authors: Orzechowska Joanna
Published: November 2018

Linguistic awareness has been one of the research interests in both cognitive and cultural linguistics in recent years. Images of linguistic signs which originate as part of the linguistic awareness of representatives of various cultures and languages can differ considerably. There are many ways of distinguishing these differences, including semantic analysis and analysis of the connotations related to a given word. This article presents how the term holiday functions in the linguistic awareness of Poles and Russians.
Elementy rytuału przejścia w „Innym” Jurija Mamlejewa. Prolegomena
Authors: Przybysz Anna Katarzyna
Published: November 2018

This article is an attempt to analyze the category of meeting between two main characters in The Other using a symbolic key. I try to explain the important role of such semiotic categories as threshold and mask in the process of becoming more aware about ourselves, which I interpret as part of the process of rite de passage.
Концепция национального характера в контексте иронического в романе Ивлина Во „Незабвенная”
Authors: Рябчикова Екатерина
Published: November 2018

The paper is devoted to a study of national character in Evelyn Waugh's work The Loved One. The ironic representation of British and American national characters is analyzed in the paper.
Гармония как принцип образования дефисных субстантивно-субстантивных конструкций (на примере единиц личной семантики)
Authors: Bortnowska Paulina
Published: November 2018

Using the structure of hyphenated compound words has become a productive way of creating new nominations in contemporary Russian. The aim of this article is to show that harmony as an orderly combination of elements in a whole is the main concept that underpins multiple psycholinguistic processes, resulting in the occurrence of hyphenated compound words in Russian speakers’ language.
Вопрос о динамике лексики русского языка в конце ХХ—начале ХХI вв. на страницах журнала „Studia Rossica Posnaniensia”
Authors: Kosmeda Tetiana
Published: November 2018

In the course of analysing publications from the journal “Studia Rossica Posnaniensia”, devoted to the problem of Russian vocabulary mobility during the last 20–30 years, it was concluded that Russian vocabulary is actively enriched by borrowings and internationalisms, in particular: the formation of new words (morphological way),  in the sphere of personal naming, broadening the lexico-semantic group of adverbs. Onomastics has been actively developed; set word meanings have extended and transformed; among newly formed words there are many that express emotionally evaluative relations; finally, the stylistic status of words is being changed, with the corpus of profanities enriched.
Когнитивная семантика концепта „обман” в современном русском языке
Authors: Małecki Łukasz
Published: November 2018

“Lying” in human consciousness takes the form of a concept — a mental form described by means of such features as traditions, customs, special stereotypes  of thinking, behavior models, etc. This article attempts to analyze the linguistic realization of the concept of a “lie” in the Russian language. This language analysis is based on the purposes of cognitive definition.
Транспарентный „белый” — размышления о семантике
Authors: Narloch Andrzej
Published: November 2018

The article describes the semantic structure of the adjective “white” in the Russian language. The author bases his analysis on R. Tokarski’s theory of two meanings of the colour white. The article formulates a hypothesis on the existence  of so-called 'transparent whiteness'. His analysis uses lexicographical data taken from contemporary Russian dictionaries as well as historical data.
Семантико-стилистические трансформации в русском литературном языке XVIII–XXI столетий
Authors: Николаева Татьяна , Шишова Анна
Published: November 2018

Investigating the semantic and stylistic transformations of the meaningful language units functioning in a given epoch allows us to show the internal regularities of their evolution, their systemic nature, and conditionality on factors of a historically cultural character. Realizating the semantic potential of a word capable of the associative rethinking plays an important role in the organization of modern vocabulary.
Лингвистическая репрезентация художественного концепта ОНА-ЖЕНЩИНА (на материале автобиографического романа Марии Арбатовой „Мне-46”)
Authors: Oshchepkova Anastasia
Published: November 2018

This work is related to the field of linguo-cultural studies, and also touches on the area of cognitive linguistics. The purpose is to describe the concept of “SHE — WOMEN” by analyzing text vocabulary which relates to a reduced style and which is distributed into lexical-thematic groups.  The practical part of this article includes a description of each of the selected lexicalthematic groups. In the final part of the work, I describe the concept of “SHE — WOMEN” and draw conclusions.
Сложные новообразования в электронных российских СМИ
Authors: Рацибурская Лариса
Published: November 2018

The article considers the structure and functions of compound innovations in online Russian mass media. These innovations are composed by the usual means of pure composition and root affixation. Contaminated innovations, which are non-standard in structure, are also analyzed. The factors contributing to the expressiveness of innovations are singled out: irregularity of derivational structure, non-usual combinations of constituent parts of innovations, play upon precedent phenomena.
Paradygmat antropocentryczny jako kategoria lingwistyczna w badaniu obiektów językowych
Authors: Sitarski Andrzej
Published: November 2018

This study constitutes an attempt to present views from contemporary cognitive linguistics on the definition and realization of the anthropocentric paradigm in the language system. On the basis of reseachers' opinions, the author comes to the conclusion that a language can be analyzed as a peculiar semantic system whose realization is related to a human being. The available results of linguistic object studies, which take into consideration the anthropocentric paradigm, prove that nowadays anthropocentrism should be presented as a linguistic category.
Zapożyczenia leksykalne z języka polskiego w gwarach pskowskich i nowogrodzkich
Authors: Wójtowicz Marian
Published: November 2018

The author analyses 273 words borrowed from Polish to the Pskov dialect and 48 words to the Novgorod dialect. The analysis comprises the stock of loanwords, periods of borrowing, ways and directions in which the words were borrowed. The majority of loanwords are words describing material culture, such as objects of everyday use, tools, clothing and people’s names. A substantial group is formed by words describing a variety of actions and abstract concepts.
О семантических процессах в общественно-политической лексике (на примере слова „фашизм” и его дериватов)
Authors: Фролова Ольга
Published: November 2018

The article discusses the semantics of the word fascism in explanatory dictionaries and analyzes its current use. Comparing different interpretations in dictionaries, one can see how the authors avoid mentioning a particular period in which the term fascism emerged. The important semantic features of the term fascism are racism, dictatorship, and opposition to a free society. The word fascist is used to refer to: a) a supporter of a certain ideological and political doctrine that arose and was implemented in Italy and Germany in the first half of the twentieth century, characterized by racism and chauvinism, and taking the form of dictatorship; b) a follower of racist attitudes; c) the enemy, an object of hatred; d) the enemy in children's games; e) camouflage element in the oxymoronic phrase 'liberal fascism', masking the rejection of liberal values by the speaker.
Об одном подходе к категоризации лексической аспектуальности в русском языке
Authors: Klimonov Vladimir
Published: November 2018

The paper deals with the categorization of verbal situations (lexical aspects: events, processes, and states) and their subcategorization according to finer Aktionsart distinctions. The proposed two-component model for the categorization of lexical aspectuality is based on uniform quantitative features. Four subclasses of events will be distinguished, which will be subclassified further.
Komizm współczesnych filmów rosyjskich na warsztacie tłumacza
Authors: Mocarz-Kleindienst Maria
Published: November 2018

The paper concerns linguistic humour as an aesthetic-cultural category which is at the core of comedy. Linguistic material from contemporary Russian movies and their translations into Polish is analysed. The basic linguistic components creating linguistic humour include neologisms, linguistic games, modifications of phraseological units and intertextual references. The aforementioned components cause many problems in movie translations into a foreign language. The paper attempts to provide an overview of ways of translating.
Активные процессы в системе образования производных предлогов
Authors: Tsoi Aleksander
Published: November 2018

The Russian language is constantly supplemented with derivative prepositions. Supplementing the language system with new lexical units is a continuous process. The main ways of forming derivative prepositions are transposition and diffusion.
Polsko-rosyjskie porównania międzykulturowe w podręcznikach do nauki języka rosyjskiego na poziomie gimnazjalnym
Authors: Karolczuk Marzanna
Published: November 2018

Comparing and contrasting cultural, lexical and grammatical aspects in the foreign language classroom has many advantages. These include the development of intercultural competence, cultural awareness and a new insight into the first language. Research shows that foreign language textbooks are basic teaching tools. Therefore, this article is an attempt to analyse Polish-Russian tasks and comparative content in Russian textbooks at the level of lower secondary school. Five textbook series for learning Russian, published between 1999 and 2009, are examined. These are В Москву, Времена, Кл@ссно!, Прогулка and Эхо. The findings show that these textbooks offer comparative reflective tasks and reconstructive ones.
First record of the red alga Tiffaniella gorgonea: an introduced species in the Mediterranean Sea
Authors: Salhi Ghizlane , Hassoun Mustapha , Moussa Hanaa , Zbakh Hanaa , Kazzaz Mohamed , Riadi Hassane
Published: November 2018

The red alga Tiffaniella gorgonea (Wrangeliaceae, Rhodophyta) is found and described for the first time from the Mediterranean Sea. This species was collected growing as epiphyte on three species of Codium in the lower intertidal zone from Dalya, Cabo Negro and Al-Hoceima on the Mediterranean coast of Morocco. Moroccan specimens were studied in detail and compared with two other closely related species reported previously from Morocco and the Mediterranean Sea. A key to the Mediterranean and Moroccan species of Tiffaniella is provided. Habitat, geographical distribution, and the possible vector of introduction of the new alien are presented and discussed in this work. Taxonomic remarks, a description and images of the macroscopic and microscopic characters are provided for this taxon.
Development of the Point-of-Care Key Evidence Tool (POCKET): a checklist for multi-dimensional evidence generation in point-of-care tests
Authors: Huddy Jeremy R. , Ni Melody , Misra Shivani , Mavroveli Stella , Barlow James , Hanna George B.
Published: November 2018

Background

This study aimed to develop the Point-of-Care Key Evidence Tool (POCKET); a multi-dimensional checklist to guide the evaluation of point-of-care tests (POCTs) incorporating validity, utility, usability, cost-effectiveness and patient experience. The motivation for this was to improve the efficiency of evidence generation in POCTs and reduce the lead-time for the adoption of novel POCTs.

Methods

A mixed qualitative and quantitative approach was applied. Following a literature search, a three round Delphi process was undertaken incorporating a semi-structured interview study and two questionnaire rounds. Participants included clinicians, laboratory personnel, commissioners, regulators (including members of National Institute for Health and Care Excellence [NICE] committees), patients, industry representatives and methodologists. Qualitative data were analysed based on grounded theory. The final tool was revised at an expert stakeholder workshop.

Results

Forty-three participants were interviewed within the semi-structured interview study, 32 participated in the questionnaire rounds and nine stakeholders attended the expert workshop. The final version of the POCKET checklist contains 65 different evidence requirements grouped into seven themes. Face validity, content validity and usability has been demonstrated. There exists a shortfall in the evidence that industry and research methodologists believe should be generated regarding POCTs and what is actually required by policy and decision makers to promote implementation into current healthcare pathways.

Conclusions

This study has led to the development of POCKET, a checklist for evidence generation and synthesis in POCTs. This aims to guide industry and researchers to the evidence that is required by decision makers to facilitate POCT adoption so that the benefits they can bring to patients can be effectively realised.
On a duality theorem of Schneider–Stuhler
Authors: Nori Madhav , Prasad Dipendra
Published: November 2018

We extend a duality theorem of Schneider and Stuhler
about

Ext
G
i

⁢

[

π
1

,

π
2

]

{{\rm Ext}_{G}^{i}[\pi_{1},\pi_{2}]}

proved in [11]
for smooth representations of a p-adic group G
with central characters to all smooth representations
assuming their result for only irreducible representations by generalities in
homological algebra.
Inverse nodal problem for p−Laplacian Bessel equation with polynomially dependent spectral parameter
Authors: Yilmaz Emrah , Hamadamen Mudhafar , Gulsen Tuba
Published: November 2018

In this study, solution of inverse nodal problem for p−Laplacian Bessel equation is extended to the case that boundary condition depends on polynomial eigenparameter. To find spectral datas as eigenvalues and nodal parameters of this problem, we used a modified Prüfer substitution. Then, reconstruction formula of the potential functions is also obtained by using nodal lenghts. However, this method is similar to used in [Koyunbakan H., Inverse nodal problem for p−Laplacian energy-dependent Sturm-Liouville equation, Bound. Value Probl., 2013, 2013:272, 1-8], our results are more general.
The crystal structure of 1,2-dimethyl-3,4-dinitrobenzene, C8H8N2O4
Authors: Fanfan Shen , Shaomin Xue , Jianlong Wang
Published: November 2018

C8H8N2O4, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 7.8936(7) Å, b = 14.4210(13) Å, c = 16.0109(15) Å, V = 1799.5(3) Å3, Z = 8, R
gt(F) = 0.0590, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1293, T = 173(2) K.
Congenital Heart Defects Coexisting with Omphalocele - the Important Prognostic Factor
Authors: Sokołowski Łukasz , Respondek-Liberska Maria , Krekora Michał , Płużańska Joanna , Słodki Maciej
Published: November 2018

Introduction: The aim of this study was to evaluate the following parameters of fetuses and neonates with omphalocele: the prevalence of coexisting congenital heart defects (CHD), abnormalities in heart function and the impact of coexisting CHD on fetal and neonatal survival. Material and methods: The study group consisted of 69 fetuses with omphalocele diagnosed and monitored at the Department of Prenatal Cardiology in our Institute in the years 2007-2017. The retrospective analisis of patients' data was performed. For statistical analysis we used Chi-square test, t-Student test and U Mann-Whitney test.. Results: In the studied group omphalocele was an isolated defect in 31.9% of the cases (22/69), in 68.1% (47/69) coexisting defects were present, in 49.3% (34/69) the coexisting defect was CHD. The most common CHD coexisting with omphalocele were ventricular septal defect (VSD), double outlet right ventricle (DORV) and atrio-ventricular septal defect (AVSD). Abnormalities of heart function were present in 43.5% (30/69) of fetuses with omphalocele: 23.5% (8/34) with normal heart anatomy and in 62.9% (22/35) with CHD. Statistically significant differences between the group with normal heart anatomy and the group with CHD regarded: Cardiovascular Profile Score (CVPS) (median 10 points vs median 9 points, U Mann-Whitney test p=0.034), neonatal birth weight(mean 3253 g vs median 2700 g, U Mann-Whitney test p=0.003), Apgar score (median 8 vs median 7, U Mann-Whitney test p=0.038) and survival rate until discharge from hospital (85% vs 52.9%, Chi-square test p=0.034). The comparison of data from 2007-2017 with data obtained from similar analysis performed in our center in 1999-2006, revealed significant improvement in the early detection of omphalocele (median 14.5 weeks of gestation vs mean 25.4 weeks of gestation), gestational age of delivery (mean 38 weeks of gestation vs mean 34 weeks of gestation) and survival rate until discharge both in neonates with normal heart anatomy and coexisting CHD (85% and 52.9% vs 70% and 23% respectively) . Conclusions: 1. The presence of coexisting CHD is an important prognostic factor in fetuses and neonates with omphalocele, so early fetal echocardiography should be performed in every case of omphalocele. 2. During the last decade (2007-2017), in contrast to years 1999-2006, we observed significant improvement in early and complete prenatal diagnosis of omphalocele. 3. We observed improvement in strategy of obstetrical management resulting in delivering neonates in a more advanced gestational age both in the group with normal heart anatomy and the group with coexisting CHD.
Jealousy 4.0? An empirical study on jealousy-related discomfort of women evoked by other women and gynoid robots
Authors: Szczuka Jessica M. , Krämer Nicole C.
Published: November 2018

While first empirical studies on sexual aspects of human-robot interaction mostly focus on male users’ acceptance, there is no empirical research on how females react to robotic replications of women. To empirically investigate whether robots can evoke the same kind of jealousy-related discomfort as do other women, we conducted an online study in which 848 heterosexual female participants from Germany reacted to the idea that their partner had sexual intercourse with either another woman, a human-like female-looking robot, or a machinelike female-looking robot. The results revealed dimensions in which the jealousy-related discomfort was higher for female competitors compared to the robotic ones (e.g., discomfort caused by the idea of sexual intercourse),whereas in others the robots evoked the same or higher levels of jealousy-related discomfort (e.g., discomfort caused by feelings of inadequacy, discomfort caused by shared emotional and time resources). The variance in the discomfort regarding sexual interactions between one’s partner and robotic competitors could not be explained by personal characteristics (such as self-esteem, subjective physical attractiveness) but rather by technology-related variables (e.g., negative attitude towards robots, a tendency towards anthropomorphism) and the attitude towards sexual nonexclusivity in relationships. The study provides first empirical insights into a question which is of relevance for a responsible handling of sexualized technologies.
Translation, cross-cultural adaptation, and psychometric properties of the Hausa version of the Fear-Avoidance Beliefs Questionnaire in patients with low back pain
Authors: Ibrahim Aminu A. , Akindele Mukadas O. , Kaka Bashir , Bello Bashir
Published: November 2018

Background and aims

The Fear-Avoidance Beliefs Questionnaire (FABQ) is the most widely used self-reported measure of fear-avoidance beliefs about work and physical activity in low back pain (LBP). However, there is no Hausa version for use in patients with LBP. This study aimed to translate, cross-culturally adapt, and test the psychometric properties of the Hausa version of the FABQ in patients with LBP.

Methods

The Hausa form of FABQ was developed using a forward-backward translation procedure according to recommended guidelines. The pre-final version of the questionnaire was pre-tested on 10 patients with acute LBP and 10 patients with chronic LBP. Psychometric testing was performed in 70 patients with acute LBP and 130 patients with chronic LBP. Reliability was assessed using internal consistency (Cronbach α) and test-retest reliability through intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Construct validity was assessed by exploratory factor analysis and divergent validity (Spearman rank correlation coefficient). Responsiveness was also investigated on 40 patients with chronic LBP.

Results

The Hausa version of the FABQ was successfully translated and proved to be well-understood. The internal consistency was adequate for the questionnaire (0.773) and its physical activity (0.816) and work (0.606) subscales. Test-retest reliability was excellent with an ICC value of 0.928 for the questionnaire and values of 0.901 and 0.863 for the physical activity and work subscales, respectively. Exploratory factor analysis yielded a three-factor structure in both acute and chronic LBP samples explaining 66.4% and 58.6% of the total variance, respectively. The first factor represents fear-avoidance beliefs due to work, the second factor represents fear-avoidance beliefs due to physical activity whereas the third factor represents the fear that pain aggravates due to work. Divergent validity showed moderate to weak correlation between the questionnaire and pain intensity (r=0.502), disability (r=0.415), lumbopelvic motion (r=0.00). The physical activity and work subscales weakly correlated (r=0.280). The effect size and standardized response mean were moderate to small with the work subscale having the lowest effect size (0.34) and standardized response mean (0.34) values. The MDC of the questionnaire was 5.4 points. The questionnaire had no ceiling or floor effects.

Conclusions

The FABQ was successfully translated into Hausa and cross-culturally adapted with acceptable psychometric properties similar to those of existing versions. The results suggest that the Hausa FABQ can be used to evaluate fear-avoidance beliefs about LBP in Hausa-speaking population for both clinical and research purposes.