bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Differentiation of Cognitive Deficit Profiles in Multiple Sclerosis Patients: Latent Profile Analysis
Authors: Slavković Sanela , Lazić Milica , Honan Cynthia , Nađ Čongor , Brkić-Jovanović Nina , Golubović Špela
Published: March 2019

Objective: The purpose of this study was to ascertain whether the application of the Audio Recorded Cognitive Screen (ARCS) in cognitive functioning screening of persons with multiple sclerosis (MS) differentiates profiles of existing cognitive deficits (CDs) and whether this instrument can discriminate accurately between subjects who are cognitively intact (CI) and those with a cognitive disorder. Subjects and Methods: The research was conducted on a sample of 359 subjects, with two subsets of participants: 108 persons with a relapsing-remitting form of MS and 251 persons from the general population. Results: We labeled the three profiles obtained by applying the ARCS questionnaire: the CI profile, the profile of CI with visuospatial difficulties, and the profile of persons with CD. Conclusion: ARCS has the ability to differentiate persons with a CD from those without, both in a sample of persons suffering from MS and in a sample of persons from the general population. This finding indicates that this instrument is well suited for profiling the cognitive status into specific categories, which puts it among the instruments with a wide range of implementation.
Proton Pump Inhibitors and Preeclampsia Risk Among 157 720 Women
Authors: Hastie Roxanne , Bergman Lina , Cluver Catherin A. , Wikman Anna , Hannan Natalie J. , Walker Susan P. , Wikström Anna-Karin , Tong Stephen , Hesselman Susanne
Published: March 2019

Preeclampsia is a hypertensive disorder of pregnancy with a high rate of maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality. The only definite treatment is delivery. Preclinical investigations have identified proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), which are commonly used to treat reflux during pregnancy, as a potential treatment for preeclampsia. The aim of this study was to determine the association between PPI use during pregnancy and preeclampsia risk in a population-based register cohort. Using the Swedish Pregnancy Register, we conducted a cohort study of nulliparous pregnant women delivering from January 2013 to July 2017. Associations between PPI use and preeclampsia were investigated using logistic regression analyses with risk estimates presented as crude and adjusted odds ratios (aOR) with 95% CI. Of 157 720 nulliparous pregnant women, 6051 (3.8%) reported PPI use during pregnancy. PPI use during any point of pregnancy was associated with an increased risk of overall preeclampsia (aOR of 1.17; 95% CI, 1.04–1.32) and preeclampsia at term (aOR of 1.20; 95% CI, 1.04–1.39). However, PPI use recorded after 28 gestational weeks was associated with a reduced risk of preterm (delivery <37 weeks) preeclampsia (aOR of 0.63; 95% CI, 0.41–0.96) and early (delivery <34 weeks) preeclampsia (aOR of 0.41; 95% CI, 0.20–0.82). These findings highlight the heterogeneity of this disease, with a potential role PPIs for preventing preterm preeclampsia when used in close proximity to disease onset. Targeting PPI use to women at greatest risk of preterm preeclampsia may help prevent this severe form of disease.
Vestiges of Transit: Urban Persistence at a Microscale
Authors: Brooks Leah , Lutz Byron
Published: March 2019

We document intracity spatial persistence and its causes. Streetcars dominated urban transit in Los Angeles County from the 1890s to the early 1910s, and were off the road entirely by 1963. However, we find that streetcars' influence remains readily visible in the current pattern of urban density and that this influence has not dissipated in the sixty years since the streetcar's removal. We examine land use regulation as both a consequence of streetcars and a mechanism for the persistent effect of streetcars. Our evidence suggests that the streetcar influences modern behavior through the mutually reinforcing pathways of regulation and agglomerative clustering.
Vote Buying or (Political) Business (Cycles) as Usual?
Authors: Aidt Toke , Asatryan Zareh , Badalyan Lusine , Heinemann Friedrich
Published: March 2019

We report robust evidence of a new short-run monetary election cycle: the monthly growth rate of the money supply (M1) around elections is higher than in other months in a sample of low- and middle-income countries. We hypothesize this is related to systemic vote buying. Consistent with this, we find no cycle in authoritarian countries and countries with strong political institutions and a pronounced cycle in elections where international election monitors reported vote buying or in close elections. Using survey data on daily consumer expenditures, we show that within-household consumption of food increases in the days before elections.
Breaking the Cycle? Education and the Intergenerational Transmission of Violence
Authors: Erten Bilge , Keskin Pinar
Published: March 2019

We estimate the causal effects of education on the intergenerational transmission of violence against children by exploiting an extension of compulsory schooling in Turkey. Using a regression-discontinuity design, we find that the reform increased maternal education by one year, with stronger effects for women raised in rural areas. The increase in education among rural women led to a reduction in the perpetration of child physical abuse but only by mothers who were physically abused by their own families during childhood. Exploring potential channels, we document that these women were also more likely to experience improved mental health outcomes.
A review of the Oriental and Australasian Ptilocera species (Diptera: Stratiomyidae)
Authors: MASON FRANCO , ROZKOŠNÝ RUDOLF
Published: March 2019

The species of Ptilocera Wiedemann, 1820 are re-examined on the basis of extensive historical as well as recent material from several institutions and a critical evaluation of published records. Ten species are distinguished and three of them, P. aureopilosa sp. nov., P. kerteszi sp. nov. and P. simplex sp. nov. are described as new. Ptilocera fastuosa Gerstaecker, 1857, is considered to be a synonym of P. continua Walker, 1851, and P. smaragdifera Walker, 1859 is interperted as a synonym of P. smaragdina Walker, 1849. Lectotypes are designated for P. amethystina Snellen van Vollenhoven, 1857, P. fastuosa, P. quadridentata (Fabricius, 1805) and P. smaragdifera. Seven species (P. amethystina, P. continua, P. kerteszi sp. nov., P. paradisea Lindner, 1951, P. quadridentata, P. simplex sp. nov. and P. smaragdina are mainly confined to the Oriental Region and three to the Australasian Region (P. aureopilosa sp. nov., P. bergi James, 1948, and P. violacea Edwards, 1915). Ptilocera quadridentata was introduced to Japan and Fiji, and P. smaragdina to New Britain. P. bergi is newly recorded from Australia, P. amethystina, P. continua and P. quadridentata from Cambodia, Laos and Vietnam, the first two species also from Myanmar, P. amethystina also from Malaysia and Thailand, and P. continua also from Nepal and Singapore. Diagnostic characters including terminalia of both sexes are illustrated for all species examined and an identification key is compiled.
New species of Elachistinae (Lepidoptera: Elachistidae) from Cameroon and the Democratic Republic of the Congo
Authors: SRUOGA VIRGINIJUS , DE PRINS JURATE
Published: March 2019

No Elachistinae have ever been recorded from Cameroon and only one species (Eretmograptis coniodoxa) was described by Meyrick in 1938 from the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Here, we present ten new species of the subfamily Elachistinae from Central Africa: Elachista cordata sp. n., Urodeta absidata sp. n., U. aculeata sp. n., U. crenata sp. n., U. cuspidis sp. n. U. faro sp. n., U. tortuosa sp. n. from Cameroon and U. acerba sp. n., U. bucera sp. n., U. talea sp. n. from the Democratic Republic of the Congo. The new species are diagnosed and illustrated with photographs of the adults and genitalia.
A new genus and ten new species of jumping plant lice (Hemiptera: Triozidae) from Allocasuarina (Casuarinaceae) in Australia
Authors: TAYLOR GARY S. , JENNINGS JOHN T. , PURCELL MATTHEW F. , AUSTIN ANDY D.
Published: March 2019

Twelve species of jumping plant lice, Hemiptera: Psylloidea, in two genera are recognised from plants of the genus Allocasuarina (Casuarinaceae) in Australia. Aacanthocnema Tuthill & Taylor comprises two species that are here redescribed, Aa. casuarinae (Froggatt) and Aa. dobsoni (Froggatt), together with four new species, Aa. burckhardti Taylor, Aa. huegelianae Taylor, Aa. luehmannii Taylor, and Aa. torulosae Taylor. A new genus, Acanthocasuarina Taylor, comprises six new species: Ac. acutivalvis Taylor, Ac. campestris Taylor, Ac. diminutae Taylor, Ac. muellerianae Taylor, Ac. tasmanica Taylor, and Ac. verticillatae Taylor. Both genera are characterised by an elongate habitus, short Rs and short, triangular radial and cubital fore wing cells, ventrally produced genal processes beneath angular, overhanging apical margin of vertex, antennae short, and nymphs characteristically elongate, heavily sclerotised and scale-like. Species of Acanthocasuarina have rhinaria on antennal segments 4, 6, 8 and 9, the hind tibia has 1 outer and 2 inner spurs and the female proctiger has a posterior apical hook. In contrast, species of Aacanthocnema lack rhinaria on antennal segment 8 and sclerotised spurs on the hind tibia, and the female lacks a posterior apical hook on the proctiger. Trioza banksiae Froggatt stat. rev. is removed from Aacanthocnema. Keys to genera and species are provided, together with notes on their biology, host associations and biogeography.
Two new species of Lathomicrus Jałoszyński (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Scydmaeninae) from Borneo
Authors: JAŁOSZYŃSKI PAWEŁ
Published: March 2019

Two new species of the previously monospecific ant-like stone beetle genus Lathomicrus Jałoszyński (Scydmaeninae, Cephenniini) are described: L. sarawakensis sp. n. and L. sabahensis sp. n., both from East Malaysia (Borneo). Diagnostic characters of the genus and new species are illustrated.
The taxonomic status of Lepus melainus (Lagomorpha: Leporidae) based on nuclear DNA and morphological analyses
Authors: LIU JIANG , CHEN PENG , YU LI , WU SHI-FANG , ZHANG YA-PING , JIANG XUELONG
Published: March 2019

The taxonomic status of the species Lepus melainus, the Manchurian black hare, is intensely debated. It is considered either as a valid species or a black color morph of L. mandshuricus, the Manchurian hare. Herein, we evaluate the validity of L. melainus using 24 morphological traits and two nuclear DNA loci (TG=466bp; MGF=592bp) from newly collected specimens. Except for winter pelage, we fail to discover significant morphological differences between L. melainus and L. mandshuricus. Analysis of the nuclear DNA sequences reveals lack of reciprocal monophyly between L. mandshuricus and L. melainus, as they form one single clade with high bootstrap support; in addition, morphometric and morphological analyses found no specific differentiation between forms corresponding to L. mandshuricus or L. melainus. Together with the fact that the range of L. melainus is completely within that of L. mandshuricus, our study supports the recognition of L. melainus as a melanistic morph and junior synonym of L. mandshuricus.
Phylogenetic position and systematics of the bryozoan Tennysonia: further evidence for convergence and plasticity in skeletal morphology among cyclostome bryozoans
Authors: TAYLOR PAUL D. , WAESCHENBACH ANDREA , FLORENCE WAYNE K.
Published: March 2019

Cyclostomes are an ancient order of marine bryozoans with a fossil record extending back over 450 million years into the Ordovician. The current taxonomy of both fossil and modern cyclostomes is based almost entirely on skeletal characters but newly available sequence data are beginning to reveal rampant convergence of some of them. An unusual combination of skeletal characters in the South African cyclostome Tennysonia stellata Busk, 1867 has made this genus difficult to classify. After revising the taxonomy of Tennysonia, we use almost complete small and large ribosomal subunits (ssrDNA and lsrDNA) to demonstrate its close phylogenetic affinity with the tubuliporine genus Idmidronea (family Tubuliporidae) with which it shares a similar colony form, despite the presence of skeletally open kenozooids between the autozooids, reminiscent of cerioporine cyclostomes such as Favosipora. The spaces between the transverse rows of autozooidal apertures, occupied by exterior autozooidal frontal walls in Idmidronea, are occupied by kenozooids in Tennysonia, thereby maintaining the spacing between lophophores necessary for efficient suspension feeding. Sympatric colonies of T. stellata with narrow and broad branches are identical or almost identical on the basis of ssrDNA and lsrDNA sequences, respectively, suggesting within-species ecophenotypic plasticity in this aspect of colony form.
A new beautiful squeaker frog (Arthroleptidae: Arthroleptis) from West Africa
Authors: RÖDEL MARK-OLIVER , KOUAMÉ N’GORAN GERMAIN , DOUMBIA JOSEPH , SANDBERGER LAURA
Published: March 2019

A new small Arthroleptis from western Guinea, West Africa, is described. The new species differs from all known congeners by the combination of small size and a peculiar red dorsal colour with irregular large black and small white, yellow or blue spots. The ventral side is almost uniform greyish black with a few, small white spots. Males lack hypertrophied third fingers, digital and inguinal spines. Fingers and toe tips are slightly enlarged. The new species differs in its colour pattern, smaller size, broader toe and finger tips, the lack of hypertrophied third fingers and digital spines in males, and a mean of 4.7% in the investigated part of the mitochondrial 16S rRNA gene to A. aureoli, which is morphologically and genetically the most similar species. Genetic comparisons of the new species with other available Arthroleptis sequences from species found across Africa revealed genetic distances of 16.0–23.4%.
Two new species of Chaetonotus (Gastrotricha, Chaetonotida, Chaetonotidae) from Japan TAKAHITO G. SUZUKI & HIDETAKA FURUYA (Japan)
Authors: SUZUKI TAKAHITO G. , FURUYA HIDETAKA
Published: March 2019

Two new species of freshwater gastrotrichs are described from a pond in Osaka, Japan. Chaetonotus retiformis n. sp. is a medium size species attaining a length of 180 μm, characterized by a three-lobed head with a single tuft of sensory cilia on each side and small scales with four long spines on the base of each member of the furca. Chaetonotus machikanensis n. sp. is a small size species attaining a length of 110 μm in length, characterized by a five-lobed head with a two tufts of sensory cilia on each side and large scales with long barbed spines.
A revision of the freshwater crabs (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Potamonautidae) of the Lake Kivu drainage basin in Central and East Africa
Authors: MEYER KIRSTIN S. , CUMBERLIDGE NEIL
Published: March 2019

The taxonomy of the freshwater crabs living in the rivers draining from the mountains in the eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo and Rwanda into Lake Kivu is revised. Four species are recognized: Potamonautes perparvus (Rathbun, 1921), P. minor Bott, 1955, P. gonocristatus Bott, 1955, and P. semilunaris Bott, 1955. Updated diagnoses, illustrations, and distribution maps are provided for the species. The four species are compared to each other, and an identification key to all eight species found in Lake Kivu and its drainage basin is included.
A review of the genus Phloeosinopsioides Schedl (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae)
Authors: BEAVER ROGER A.
Published: March 2019

The four species included by Wood and Bright (1992) in the Palaeotropical scolytine genus Phloeosinopsioides Schedl are reviewed. The following new synonymy is proposed: Phloeosinopsioides formosanus (Schedl) (=Phloeosinopsis triseriata Schedl). A diagnosis of the genus and a key to the three species now included in the genus are provided. The taxonomy, distribution and biology of the species are briefly reviewed and some new records included.
Two new species of Oocyclus Sharp from China with a revised key to the genus for mainland Southeast Asia (Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae)
Authors: SHORT ANDREW EDWARD Z. , JIA FENG-LONG
Published: March 2019

Two new species of water scavenger beetles, Oocyclus fikaceki Short & Jia sp. n. and O. dinghu Short & Jia sp. n. are described from Guangdong, Fujian, and Jiangxi Provinces in southeastern China. A revised key to the species of the genus in Indochina and surrounding mainland regions is presented.
A new species of Syringogastridae (Diptera, Acalyptratae) from the Amazon Basin and new records for Brazil
Authors: RAFAEL J. A. , CÂMARA J. T. , HOLANDA M. J. A.
Published: March 2019

Syringogaster papaveroi Prado, 1969 is redescribed from southeastern Brazil, and S. fapeam, n. sp., is described from the upper Rio Negro, state of Amazonas. The known range of S. apiculata Marshall and Buck, 2009, previously known from Amazonian Peru and Ecuador, is extended for the first time to Brazil. The phylogenetic tree and key of Marshall et al., 2009 are emended to include the new species and new information on S. papaveroi.
A new Paralimnini leafhopper genus (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Deltocephalinae) from China
Authors: XING JI–CHUN , DAI REN–HUAI , LI ZI–ZHONG
Published: March 2019

With over 6500 described species placed in nearly 800 genera the leafhopper subfamily Deltocephalinae is currently the largest subfamily of Cicadellidae (Oman et al.,1990; Zahniser & Dietrich, 2008; Zahniser & Dietrich, 2010). The deltocephaline tribe Paralimnini Distant is distributed worldwide and currently contains about 132 genera and 550 species. Webb and Heller (1990) provided a checklist of Oriental Paralimnini with 11 genera and 23 species, among them, 2 genera and 2 species recorded from China. Zhang (1990) only recorded 1 genus and 1 species in this tribe from China. More recently, a total of 26 genera (12 genera in the Oriental Region) and 62 species of the Paralimnini have been reported to occur in China (Xing et al., 2009, 2010, 2011; Xing & Li, 2011; Li et al., 2011; Zhang et al., 2009). Most members of the tribe are closely associated with grass dominated habitats. With the exception of some species of Paralaevicephalus Ishihara (Xing et al. 2009) members of the Paralimnini can be recognized by having a connective that is widest at or near the base of the anterior arms and articulated with the aedeagus. During a study of the Chinese Deltocephalinae we discovered a new Oriental paralimnine genus and species that are described below. The type specimens of the new species are deposited in the Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China (GUGC).
Revision of the genus Glyptoxanthus A. Milne-Edwards, 1879, and establishment of Glyptoxanthinae nov. subfam. (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Xanthidae)
Authors: MENDOZA JOSE CHRISTOPHER E. , GUINOT DANIÈLE
Published: March 2019

The xanthid genus Glyptoxanthus A. Milne-Edwards, 1879, known from the tropical eastern Pacific, western and eastern Atlantic, and the Red Sea, is revised as part of an ongoing revision of the subfamily Euxanthinae Alcock, 1898. Analysis of morphological characters shows that Glyptoxanthus must be excluded from the subfamily Euxanthinae and placed in a distinct subfamily, Glyptoxanthinae nov. subfam. The new subfamily has affinities to Euxanthinae, Actaeinae Alcock, 1898, and Zalasiinae Serène, 1968, but it is distinguished from these by a suite of characters in the thoracic sternum, third maxillipeds, epistome, chelipeds, and male abdomen and gonopods. All the included species are re-diagnosed, with additional comments and updates on their biology and distribution. In an effort to stabilize the taxonomy of the genus and some of its species, neotypes were selected for G. erosus (Stimpson, 1859) (type species), G. labyrinthicus (Stimpson, 1860), and G. meandricus (Lockington, 1877). A key to the genus is included.
A new Colombian species in the milliped genus Psammodesmus, symbiotic host for bryophytes (Polydesmida: Platyrhacidae)
Authors: HOFFMAN RICHARD L. , MARTINEZ DANIELA , D. EDUARDO FLOREZ
Published: March 2019

The name Psammodesmus bryophorus is proposed for an ornate platyrhacid milliped discovered in a transitional AndeanPacific montane rainforest in Nariño Department, Colombia. This species is remarkable for being the first milliped known to be host of ectocommensal mosses (10 species belonging to 5 families including especially Pilotrichaceae and Lejeuneaceae) that grow on the milliped’s dorsum The species is likewise of interest in that the male genitalia are similar to those of the Ecuadorian Psammodesmus fasciolatus Silvestri, while peripheral structures differ in a number of details. Both species are described and illustrated from type material. The effect of this situation on future conduct of platyrhacid taxonomy is highlighted.
Revision of the Neotropical genus Neoscutops Malloch (Diptera: Periscelididae)
Authors: ALE-ROCHA ROSALY , FREITAS GEOVÂNIA
Published: March 2019

The Neotropical genus Neoscutops Malloch is revised and now includes 14 species. The genus is divided into two species groups: the peruvianus Group including N. annulatus sp. nov., N. barcelosiensis sp. nov., N. flavoscutellatus sp. nov., N. luteus sp. nov., N. manaos sp. nov., N. manuensis sp. nov., N. melleus sp. nov., N. nitidus sp. nov., N. peruvianus Hennig, 1969, and N. waorani sp. nov.; and the rotundipennis Group including N. cariri Amorim & Vasconcelos, 1990, N. minor sp. nov., N. ranyseae sp. nov., and N. rotundipennis Malloch, 1926. A phylogenetic analysis was performed to test the monophyly of the Neoscutops species groups proposed in this study. An identification key for the species of Neoscutops is provided.
A faunal summary of Simulium (Montisimulium) with descriptions of five new species from China (Diptera: Simuliidae)
Authors: HAN-BIN CHEN , GUO-SHENG LIAN , CHUN-LIN ZHANG
Published: March 2019

This paper provides the first checklist of the subgenus Montisimulium Rubtsov, 1974 of genus Simulium from China, which lists 24 Chinese species including 19 known species and 5 new species, S. (M.) xinzhouense sp. nov., S. (M.) polyprominulum sp. nov., S. (M.) schizostylum sp. nov., S. (M.) luliangense sp. nov. and S. (M.) wulaofengense sp. nov., were collected from Shanxi Province, China. Keys to the species of S. (Montisimulium) known to occur in China are also provided.
Polysteganus mascarenensis, a new sparid fish species from Mascarene Islands, Indian Ocean YUKIO IWATSUKI (Japan) & PHILLIP C. HEEMSTRA (South Africa)
Authors: IWATSUKI YUKIO , HEEMSTRA PHILLIP C.
Published: March 2019

A new sparid species, Polysteganus mascarenensis n. sp. (Perciformes; Sparidae) is described on the basis of three type specimens (578‒600 mm SL) from the Mascarene Islands, Indian Ocean. The species differs from the four known congeners of Polysteganus in having the following combination of characters: body moderately slender (depth 39% SL), scale rows between 10th dorsal-fin spine base and lateral line 6 ½, fewer lateral line scales 51‒54, snout broad, its length 2.2‒2.3 times orbit diameter in adults, inter-orbital area of adults with a bony bulge before and above eye (hyperostosis of frontal bones), forming a low median ridge; mouth large, jaws robust, especially upper jaw, caudal fin emarginate (nearly truncate if widely spread), head, body, and all fins generally reddish orange, no dark blotch or rows of small spots along scale rows on the body. The status and identification of congeneric nominal species are discussed, and a key to the species of Polysteganus is provided.
Re-discovery after more than a century: a redefinition of the Malagasy endemic millipede genus Zehntnerobolus, with a description of a new species (Diplopoda, Spirobolida, Pachybolidae) THOMAS WESENER (Germany)
Authors: WESENER THOMAS
Published: March 2019

A new species of the previously monotypic Malagasy pachybolid genus Zehntnerobolus Wesener, 2009, Z. hoffmani new species, is described. The diagnosis of the genus Zehntnerobolus is updated and new characters of potential phylogenetic importance for the classification of Malagasy Spirobolida are described. The here described specimens are the first known representatives of Zehntnerobolus collected since 1900. The late discovery of another Zehntnerobolus is a clear indication of how little we know about the soil arthropod macrofauna of Madagascar. Particularly the eastern rainforest region and the north of Madagascar are still underexplored. The specimens were collected in the eastern montane rainforest more than 380 km south of the known distribution of the other Zehntnerobolus species. The collection method used, as well as morphological parameters of Zehntnerobolus indicate that its species live in the leaf litter of Malagasy rainforests.
Three new species and new records in the wolf spider subfamily Sosippinae from Argentina (Araneae: Lycosidae)
Authors: PIACENTINI LUIS N.
Published: March 2019

Three new species of Sosippinae from Argentina are described; one new species of Hippasella Mello-Leitão, 1944, H. alhue sp. nov., from temperate Andean forests in the Argentinean provinces of Neuquén and Río Negro and two new species of Aglaoctenus Tullgren, 1905, A. yacytata sp. nov., from the rainforests in Misiones province, and A. puyen sp. nov., from temperate Andean forests in Río Negro province. Aglaoctenus oblongus (C. L. Koch, 1847) is recorded for first time in Entre Ríos province and new records for Buenos Aires province (Argentina) and Montevideo (Uruguay) are provided. The distribution of A. lagotis (Holmberg, 1876) is updated with first time records for the Argentinean provinces of Jujuy, Salta, Chaco, Formosa, La Rioja, Tucumán, Santiago del Estero, San Luis and Entre Ríos, new localities in the provinces of Misiones, Corrientes, Santa Fé and Córdoba.
New records of water mites (Acari: Hydrachnidia) from Brunei Darussalam, Borneo, with descriptions of two new species
Authors: PEŠIĆ VLADIMIR , CHATTERJEE TAPAS , MARSHALL DAVID J. , PAVIĆEVIĆ ANA
Published: March 2019

New records of water mites (Acari: Hydrachnidia) from Brunei Darussalam are presented. Two new species are described: Hydrodroma bruneiensis (Hydrodromidae) and Litarachna bruneiensis (Pontarachnidae); Limnesia lembangensis Piersig, 1906 and Arrenurus bihamatus K. Viets, 1935, are reported for the first time from Brunei Darussalam. The water mite fauna of Borneo now tallies 41 species.
Synaptolaemus latofasciatus, a new combination for Leporinus latofasciatus Steindachner, 1910 and its junior synonym Synaptolaemus cingulatus Myers and Fernández-Yépez, 1950 (Characiformes: Anostomidae)
Authors: BRITSKI HERALDO A. , BIRINDELLI JOSÉ L. O. , GARAVELLO JULIO C.
Published: March 2019

Leporinus latofasciatus was described by Steindachner (1910) on the basis of a single specimen collected in the río Orinoco, Venezuela. Since then, no other specimen of the species was mentioned in the literature, and the species was only listed in catalogues, eventually mentioned and treated as a “poorly known” species, or even omitted in checklists of fishes from Venezuela. During a visit to the fish collection at the Naturhistorisches Museum at Vienna (NMW) to examine all the type specimens of Leporinus, we were able to study the holotype of Leporinus latofasciatus and recognize that the specimen corresponds to the species described by Myers and Fernández-Yépez (in Myers, 1950) as Synaptolaemus cingulatus. Thus, the latter is a junior synonym of Leporinus latofasciatus and, based on that, Synaptolaemus latofasciatus (Steindachner, 1910) should be the name applied for this taxon, as a new combination. Herein new data on the holotype of Synaptolaemus latofasciatus are presented and compared with previously data from other authors. In addition, illustrations of live specimens are presented as well as new distribution records for the species.
A new species of Ancylomenes Okuno & Bruce, 2009 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Pontoniinae) from the Kimberley region, Western Australia
Authors: BRUCE A. J.
Published: March 2019

The pontoniine shrimp genus Ancylomenes Okuno & Bruce, 2009 now includes 17 Indo-West Pacific species (Okuno & Bruce 2009). With a few exceptions, such as A. aesopius (Bate, 1863) and A. longicarpus (Bruce & Svoboda, 1983), these present a highly consistent morphology, differing at species level principally in details of the rostrum, third abdominal somite, ophthalmic process, dentition of the second pereiopod chelae, and ambulatory propods and dactyls. This consistency renders detailed descriptions repetitive and largely redundant.
Descriptions of mature larvae and pupae of the genus Larinus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae, Lixinae)
Authors: GOSIK RAFAł , SKUHROVEC JIŘÍ
Published: March 2019

Descriptions of mature larvae of four species of the genus Larinus Dejean, 1821 are given: larvae of L. (Larinomesius) obtusus Gyllenhal, 1835 and L. (Phyllonomeus) turbinatus Gyllenhal, 1836 are described for the first time, and larvae of L. (s. str.) pollinis (Laicharting, 1781) and L. (Phyllonomeus) sturnus (Schaller, 1783) are described for the first time in detail. A revised identification key for the mature larvae and a new key for pupae are presented.
Systematics of the genus Soesilarishius (Araneae: Salticidae: Euophryinae)
Authors: RUIZ GUSTAVO RODRIGO SANCHES
Published: March 2019

The genus Soesilarishius Makhan, 2007 is revised: a diagnosis and a redescription are proposed based on the type species, seven new species from northeastern Brazil and Soesilarishius aurifrons (Taczanowski, 1878) comb. nov. from Peru. The previously monotypic genus contains now 9 species and is characterized by the reduced spiraled embolus. The species S. minimus sp. nov., S. lunatus sp. nov., S. cymbialis sp. nov. and S. dromedarius sp. nov. are described based on specimens from the State of Pernambuco, while S. crispiventer sp. nov., S. spinipes sp. nov. and S. albipes sp. nov. are based on specimens from the State of Bahia. In addition, the type series of Euophrys aurifrons Taczanowski, 1878 from Peru is revised, a lectotype is designated and the male palp is illustrated for the first time.
A new leaf tailed gecko species from northern Madagascar with a preliminary assessment of molecular and morphological variability in the Uroplatus ebenaui group
Authors: RATSOAVINA FANOMEZANA MIHAJA , LOUIS JR. EDWARD E. , CROTTINI ANGELICA , RANDRIANIAINA ROGER-DANIEL , GLAW FRANK , VENCES MIGUEL
Published: March 2019

Endemic to Madagascar, the genus Uroplatus of the family Gekkonidae consists of 13 nominal species of leaf-tailed geckos. These forest dwelling lizards are famous for their cryptic and odd appearance. We describe a new species of the Uroplatus ebenaui group from the Montagne d’Ambre massif in northern Madagascar. Uroplatus finiavana sp. nov., is morphologically similar to the sympatric U. ebenaui but differs in multiple character state expressions, among which are a longer tail and an unpigmentated oral mucosa. It also can be differentiated from U. ebenaui and all other Uroplatus species based on a high level of divergence in the mitochondrial ND4 gene and the nuclear C-mos gene, and no instances of haplotype sharing exist in these genes among the analysed species. The new species is relatively abundant at Montagne d'Ambre National Park where at lower elevations (ca. 700 m) it occurs together with U. ebenaui, without any signal of genetic admixture. Records of U. ebenaui in the mountains and forest blocks of northern Madagascar (especially in the Tsaratanana massif) actually represent other candidate species with distinct morphology and characterized by a high genetic divergence from the described species. Beside the description of the new species we discuss the geographic provenance of the holotypes of the nominal species and synonyms in the U. ebenaui group and provide further information on the phylogeny of the U. ebenaui species group including the first incorporation of Uroplatus malama in a molecular data set.
Erratum: Sandoval, C.M., Nieves, E., Angulo, V.M., Rosa, J.A. & Aldana, E. (2011) Morphology of the eggs of the genus Belminus (Hemiptera: Reduviidae: Triatominae) by optical and scanning elec-tron microscopy. Zootaxa, 2970, 33–40.
Authors: SANDOVAL C. M. , NIEVES E. , ANGULO V. M. , ROSA J. A. , ALDANA E.
Published: March 2019

(Erratum)
Fish Otoliths from the Cabarruyan Piacenzian-Gelasian fauna found in the Philippines
Authors: VAN HINSBERGH VICTOR W.M. , HELWERDA RENATE A.
Published: March 2019

We studied fish otoliths from twelve sediment samples of a well-preserved late Pliocene to early Pleistocene fauna originally from the northwest Philippines that were originally deposited in relatively deepwater marine environment. The fish fauna is systematically described, its paleoenvironmental character is explored, and its diversity is analyzed. Four unknown species have been encountered: Parascombrops schwarzhansi n. sp., Maurolicus sp., Pteropsaron sp., and Priolepis sp., of which one is described as new species and three were left in open nomenclature as their local recent counterparts are not well known yet. In addition, a variant Benthosema, Benthosema aff. fibulatum, is described. Overall, fifty-three taxa of fish otoliths were found, of which eighteen were identified at the species level and an additional twenty-seven at the genus level. Most extant species nowadays occur around the Philippines in relatively deep water (about 200 m depth), which is congruent with earlier studies on mollusks and echinoderms from the same deposits. This is the first study on a fossil fish otolith assemblage from the Philippines. Its diversity is very high and analysis by rarefaction curves suggests that additional sampling would add more fish species to the presented fauna list.
Description of Basiria khouzestanensis n. sp. (Nematoda: Tylenchidae) from Iran and its phylogenetic relationships with other species in the family
Authors: EISVAND PAYAM , NEJAD REZA FARROKHI , AZIMI SEDIGHE
Published: March 2019

Basiria khouzestanensis n. sp., recovered from the rhizosphere of orange in Khouzestan Province, south-western Iran, is described and illustrated based on morphological, morphometric and molecular data. The new species is characterized by having short body length (430–635 µm), lateral fields composed of four incisures, with non areolated bands, cephalic region smooth and continuous with body contour, stylet 9–12.5 µm long, basal bulb short and pyriform to slightly cylindrical, V = 63.3 (58–65.5), spermatheca non-offset, tail elongate-conoid, tail tip with various shapes and males with 16.5 (15–18) μm long spicules. Morphologically, the new species is similar to five known species of the genus: B. babhi, B. brevia, B. graminophila, B. lauta and B. shahidi. Morphological comparisons with these species are discussed. The sequence of the D2–D3 expansion segments of 28S rDNA gene for the new species was also used for molecular phylogenetic analysis. The phylogenetic relationships of the new species in relation to representatives of the family Tylenchidae, obtained from Bayesian inference (BI) analysis of the D2–D3 sequences, are presented and discussed. The new species clusters in a subclade containing three unidentiﬁed species of the genus Basiria from Iran with high support.
A new species of the genus Thalassironus (Nematoda: Enoplida: Ironidae) from the coasts of South Korea
Authors: JEONG RAEHYUK , TCHESUNOV ALEXEI V. , LEE WONCHOEL
Published: March 2019

A new species of the genus Thalassironus de Man, 1889 was discovered during several surveys of the offshore marine ecosystem in Korea. This new species belonging to the family Ironidae, Thalassironus koreanus sp. nov., shares general morphological traits of the genus such as an optically smooth cuticle, buccal cavity consisting of two parts with three movable teeth and thick cuticularized walls, six rounded lips with ten cephalic setae, slit-like amphid and short conical tail with caudal glands present. The new species is most closely related to T. bohaiensis, first discovered in the Bohai Sea, in terms of body ratio (a, b, c, c’) and general morphology, but differs by its generally longer and larger body structures, cervical setae at the level of the buccal cavity, paired somatic setae distributed along the body, and longer/larger spicule. A description of Thalassironus koreanus sp. nov., diagnosis of the genus, emended pictorial key for the genus and discussion of important characteristics for the genus is provided.
Upper-Ocean Response to the Super Tropical Cyclone Phailin (2013) over the Freshwater Region of the Bay of Bengal
Authors: Qiu Yun , Han Weiqing , Lin Xinyu , West B. Jason , Li Yuanlong , Xing Wen , Zhang Xiaolin , Arulananthan K. , Guo Xiaogang
Published: March 2019

This study investigates the impact of salinity stratification on the upper-ocean response to a category 5 tropical cyclone, Phailin, that crossed the northern Bay of Bengal (BOB) from 8 to 13 October 2013. A drastic increase of up to 5.0 psu in sea surface salinity (SSS) was observed after Phailin’s passage, whereas a weak drop of below 0.5°C was observed in sea surface temperature (SST). Rightward biases were apparent in surface current and SSS but not evident in SST. Phailin-induced SST variations can be divided into the warming and cooling stages, corresponding to the existence of the thick barrier layer (BL) and temperature inversion before and erosion after Phailin’s passage, respectively. During the warming stage, SST increased due to strong entrainment of warmer water from the BL, which overcame the cooling induced by surface heat fluxes and horizontal advection. During the cooling stage, the entrainment and upwelling dominated the SST decrease. The preexistence of the BL, which reduced entrainment cooling by ~1.09°C day−1, significantly weakened the overall Phailin-induced SST cooling. The Hybrid Coordinate Ocean Model (HYCOM) experiments confirm the crucial roles of entrainment and upwelling in the Phailin-induced dramatic SSS increase and weak SST decrease. Analyses of upper-ocean stratification associated with 16 super TCs that occurred in the BOB during 1980–2015 show that intensifications of 13 TCs were associated with a thick isothermal layer, and 5 out of the 13 were associated with a thick BL. The calculation of TC intensity with and without considering subsurface temperature demonstrates the importance of large upper-ocean heat storage in TC growth.
Multicase Assessment of the Impacts of Horizontal and Vertical Grid Spacing, and Turbulence Closure Model, on Subkilometer-Scale Simulations of Atmospheric Bores during PECAN
Authors: Johnson Aaron , Wang Xuguang
Published: March 2019

Four case studies from the Plains Elevated Convection at Night (PECAN) field experiment are used to investigate the impacts of horizontal and vertical resolution, and vertical mixing parameterization, on predictions of bore structure and upscale impacts of bores on their mesoscale environment. The reduction of environmental convective inhibition (CIN) created by the bore is particularly emphasized. Simulations are run with horizontal grid spacings ranging from 250 to 1000 m, as well as 50 m for one case study, different vertical level configurations, and different closure models for the vertical turbulent mixing at 250-m horizontal resolution. The 11 July case study was evaluated in greatest detail because it was the best observed case and has been the focus of a previous study. For this case, it is found that 250-m grid spacing improves upon 1-km grid spacing, LES configuration provides further improvement, and enhanced low-level vertical resolution also provides further improvement in terms of qualitative agreement between simulated and observed bore structure. Reducing LES grid spacing further to 50 m provided very little additional advantage. Only the LES experiments properly resolved the upscale influence of reduced low-level CIN. Expanding on the 11 July case study, three other cases from PECAN with diverse observed bore structures were also evaluated. Similar to the 11 July case, enhancing the horizontal and vertical grid spacings, and using the LES closure model for vertical turbulent mixing, all contributed to improved simulations of both the bores themselves and the larger-scale modification of CIN to varying degrees on different cases.
Risks inherent in the digital surveillance economy: A research agenda
Authors: Clarke Roger
Published: March 2019

The digitisation of data about the world relevant to business has given rise to a new phase of digitalisation of business itself. The digitisation of data about people has linked with the notions of information society, surveillance society, surveillance state and surveillance capitalism, and given rise to what is referred to in this article as the digital surveillance economy. At the heart of this is a new form of business model that is predicated on the acquisition and consolidation of very large volumes of personal data, and its exploitation to target advertisements, manipulate consumer behaviour, and price goods and services at the highest level that each individual is willing to bear. In the words of the model’s architects, users are ‘bribed’ and ‘induced’ to make their data available at minimal cost to marketers.

The digital surveillance economy harbours serious threats to the interests of individuals, societies and polities. That in turn creates risks for corporations. The new economic wave may prove to be a tsunami that swamps the social dimension and washes away the last five centuries’ individualism and humanism. Alternatively, institutional adaptation might occur, overcoming the worst of the negative impacts; or a breaking-point could be reached and consumers might rebel against corporate domination. A research agenda is proposed, to provide a framework within which alternative scenarios can be investigated.
Two-photon microscopic imaging of capillary red blood cell flux in mouse brain reveals vulnerability of cerebral white matter to hypoperfusion
Authors: Li Baoqiang , Ohtomo Ryo , Thunemann Martin , Adams Stephen R , Yang Jing , Fu Buyin , Yaseen Mohammad A , Ran Chongzhao , Polimeni Jonathan R , Boas David A , Devor Anna , Lo Eng H , Arai Ken , Sakadžić Sava
Published: March 2019

Despite the importance of understanding the regulation of microvascular blood flow in white matter, no data on subcortical capillary blood flow parameters are available, largely due to the lack of appropriate imaging methods. To address this knowledge gap, we employed two-photon microscopy using a far-red fluorophore Alexa680 and photon-counting detection to measure capillary red blood cell (RBC) flux in both cerebral gray and white matter, in isoflurane-anesthetized mice. We have found that in control animals, baseline capillary RBC flux in the white matter was significantly higher than in the adjacent cerebral gray matter. In response to mild hypercapnia, RBC flux in the white matter exhibited significantly smaller fractional increase than in the gray matter. Finally, during global cerebral hypoperfusion, RBC flux in the white matter was reduced significantly in comparison to the controls, while RBC flux in the gray matter was preserved. Our results suggest that blood flow in the white matter may be less efficiently regulated when challenged by physiological perturbations as compared to the gray matter. Importantly, the blood flow in the white matter may be more susceptible to hypoperfusion than in the gray matter, potentially exacerbating the white matter deterioration in brain conditions involving global cerebral hypoperfusion.
Evaluation of an SCCT-Based Intervention to Increase Postsecondary Awareness in Rural Appalachian Youth
Authors: Gibbons Melinda M. , Hardin Erin E. , Taylor Anna Lora , Brown Emily , Graham Danielle
Published: March 2019

Students underrepresented in higher education often require unique support throughout their career and college planning. Rural Appalachian youth characterize a large population of underrepresented students. This article describes a theory-based multiweek career education curriculum aimed at increasing career and college readiness that was delivered to over 1,300 high school students in two rural Appalachian counties. Evaluation data from 867 of these students, as well as from the program staff, are provided. Findings suggest that participants found the intervention useful, learned new information about postsecondary planning and career exploration, and received assistance planning for their futures. Implications for school-based career education with underrepresented students, in general, are discussed.
Stakeholder Perspectives on the Biopsychosocial and Spiritual Realities of Living With ALS: Implications for Palliative Care Teams
Authors: Kukulka Klaudia , Washington Karla T. , Govindarajan Raghav , Mehr David R.
Published: March 2019

Context:

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is an all-encompassing, life-limiting disease, resulting in the eventual paralysis of all voluntary muscles and concurrent loss of independence. As the disease advances, both patients and their family caregivers develop complex biological, psychological, and social needs, leading to increasing calls for the involvement of palliative care teams in the management of ALS.

Objective:

The purpose of this study was to generate a rich description of the realities of living with ALS, equipping palliative care teams with an in-depth understanding of the experiences and needs of patients with ALS and their family caregivers.

Methods:

This study employed a mixed-methods design, with quantitative data supplementing a larger body of qualitative data. Semi-structured interviews with 42 key stakeholders, including patients, family caregivers, and health-care providers, were analyzed for themes essential for effective understanding of ALS.

Results:

Identified themes were organized into 2 broad categories: (1) biopsychosocial needs of patients with ALS and family caregivers and (2) the impact of ALS on spiritual and emotional well-being. Quantitative data supported the recognized themes, particularly with regard to challenges associated with preserving independence, securing sufficient social support, and managing the emotional complexities of the disease.

Conclusion:

Study findings illustrate the intricacies of living with ALS and the importance of eliciting individualized values when caring for patients with ALS and their families. The complex biopsychosocial needs experienced by patients and family caregivers suggest numerous opportunities for meaningful palliative care involvement.
Great Aunt Edna’s Vase: Metaphor Use in Working With Heritage Language Families
Authors: Little Sabine
Published: March 2019

This article explores the use of a particular metaphor—Great Aunt Edna’s Vase—as a means to facilitating multilingual families in contextualizing and engaging with complex emotional connections as linked to language, identity, and belonging. Building from the premise that language is linked to the construction of identity, but that individual family members will have different views and opinions on the heritage language within this context, this article highlights the use of metaphors in family work, before introducing the metaphor of Great Aunt Edna’s Vase and situating it in relevant literature around language, heritage, and identity. The concepts introduced add to the existing body of literature in addressing the growing need for work specifically aimed at multilingual families, in a globally ever-more-diverse society, highlighting the links between language and well-being, and making a contribution to the global knowledge necessary for practitioners and families to explore these links successfully.