bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Linked-read genome sequencing identifies biallelic pathogenic variants in DONSON as a novel cause of Meier-Gorlin syndrome
Authors: Knapp Karen M , Sullivan Rosie , Murray Jennie , Gimenez Gregory , Arn Pamela , D'Souza Precilla , Gezdirici Alper , Wilson William G , Jackson Andrew P , Ferreira Carlos , Bicknell Louise S
Published: November 2019

Material

Linked-read whole genome sequencing (WGS) presents a new opportunity for cost-efficient singleton sequencing in place of traditional trio-based designs while generating informative-phased variants, effective for recessive disorders when parental DNA is unavailable.

Methods

We have applied linked-read WGS to identify novel causes of Meier-Gorlin syndrome (MGORS), a condition recognised by short stature, microtia and patella hypo/aplasia. There are eight genes associated with MGORS to date, all encoding essential components involved in establishing and initiating DNA replication.

Results

Our successful phasing of linked-read data led to the identification of biallelic rare variants in four individuals (24% of our cohort) in DONSON, a recently established DNA replication fork surveillance factor. The variants include five novel missense and one deep intronic variant. All were demonstrated to be deleterious to function; the missense variants all disrupted the nuclear localisation of DONSON, while the intronic variant created a novel splice site that generated an out-of-frame transcript with no residual canonical transcript produced.

Conclusion

Variants in DONSON have previously been associated with extreme microcephaly, short stature and limb anomalies and perinatal lethal microcephaly-micromelia syndrome. Our novel genetic findings extend the complicated spectrum of phenotypes associated with DONSON variants and promote novel hypotheses for the role of DONSON in DNA replication. While our findings reiterate that MGORS is a disorder of DNA replication, the pathophysiology is obviously complex. This successful identification of a novel disease gene for MGORS highlights the utility of linked-read WGS as a successful technology to be considered in the genetic studies of recessive conditions.
Retesting of women who are negative for aBRCA1andBRCA2mutation using a 20-gene panel
Authors: Lerner-Ellis Jordan , Sopik Victoria , Wong Andrew , Lázaro Conxi , Narod Steven A , Charames George S
Published: November 2019

Background

The value of retesting women who previously tested negative for a pathogenic variant (mutation) inBRCA1andBRCA2using an expanded panel of breast and ovarian cancer genes is unclear.

Methods

We studied 110BRCA1/2-negative women who were retested using a panel of 20 breast and/or ovarian cancer susceptibility genes at the Advanced Molecular Diagnostics Laboratory (AMDL) at Mount Sinai Hospital in Toronto between March 2017 and March 2019. All patients had previously tested negative forBRCApathogenic variants at the AMDL between January 2012 and March 2018 and were subsequently referred for retesting by their physician.

Results

Overall, six pathogenic variants in genes other thanBRCA1andBRCA2were found (prevalence 5.5%). There were two pathogenic variants found inRAD51C, and one found in each ofBRIP1,PALB2,PMS2andPTEN. The prevalence of pathogenic variants was 6.5% for women affected with cancer (6 of 93), including 4.9% for women with breast cancer (4 of 82) and 22.2% for women with ovarian cancer (2 of 9). None of the 17 unaffected women had a clinically significant or pathogenic variant. There were 44 women (40%) for whom the result of the panel test was inconclusive due to the detection of a variant of uncertain significance.

Conclusions

Our findings indicate that the retesting ofBRCA1/2-negative individuals with an expanded panel of 20 breast and ovarian cancer genes can produce clinically relevant results, with a yield of 5.5% for pathogenic variants in genes other thanBRCA1andBRCA2.
Three-step site-directed mutagenesis screen identifies pathogenic MLH1 variants associated with Lynch syndrome
Authors: Houlleberghs Hellen , Dekker Marleen , Lusseveld Jarnick , Pieters Wietske , van Ravesteyn Thomas , Verhoef Senno , Hofstra Robert M W , te Riele Hein
Published: November 2019

Background

Inactivating mutations in the MLH1 DNA mismatch repair (MMR) gene underlie 42% of Lynch syndrome (LS) cases. LS is a cancer predisposition causing early onset colorectal and endometrial cancer. Nonsense and frameshift alterations unambiguously cause LS. The phenotype of missense mutations that only alter a single amino acid is often unclear. These variants of uncertain significance (VUS) hinder LS diagnosis and family screening and therefore functional tests are urgently needed. We developed a functional test for MLH1 VUS termed ‘oligonucleotide-directed mutation screening’ (ODMS).

Methods

The MLH1 variant was introduced by oligonucleotide-directed gene modification in mouse embryonic stem cells that were subsequently exposed to the guanine analogue 6-thioguanine to determine whether the variant abrogated MMR.

Resuts

In a proof-of-principle analysis, we demonstrate that ODMS can distinguish pathogenic and non-pathogenic MLH1 variants with a sensitivity of >95% and a specificity of >91%. We subsequently applied the screen to 51 MLH1 VUS and identified 31 pathogenic variants.

Conclusion

ODMS is a reliable tool to identify pathogenic MLH1 variants. Implementation in clinical diagnostics will improve clinical care of patients with suspected LS and their relatives.
On Random Symmetric Bimatrix Games
Authors: Abaffy József , Forgó Ferenc
Published: November 2019

An experiment was conducted on a sample of [Formula: see text] randomly generated symmetric bimatrix games with size [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]. Distribution of support sizes and Nash equilibria are used to formulate a conjecture: for finding a symmetric NEP it is enough to check supports up to size [Formula: see text] whereas for nonsymmetric and all NEPs this number is [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], respectively. If true, this enables us to use a Las Vegas algorithm that finds a Nash equilibrium in polynomial time with high probability.
Nonuniform average sampling in multiply generated shift-invariant subspaces of mixed Lebesgue spaces
Authors: Zhang Qingyue
Published: November 2019

In this paper, we study nonuniform average sampling problem in multiply generated shift-invariant subspaces of mixed Lebesgue spaces. We discuss two types of average sampled values: average sampled values [Formula: see text] generated by single averaging function and average sampled values [Formula: see text] generated by multiple averaging functions. Two fast reconstruction algorithms for these two types of average sampled values are provided.
On S-curvature of a homogeneous Finsler space with square metric
Authors: Shanker Gauree , Rani Sarita
Published: November 2019

The study of curvature properties of homogeneous Finsler spaces with [Formula: see text]-metrics is one of the central problems in Riemann–Finsler geometry. In this paper, the existence of invariant vector fields on a homogeneous Finsler space with square metric is proved. Further, an explicit formula for [Formula: see text]-curvature of a homogeneous Finsler space with square metric is established. Finally, using the formula of [Formula: see text]-curvature, the mean Berwald curvature of aforesaid [Formula: see text]-metric is calculated.
Thermodynamics of charged A(dS) black holes with quadratically-extended electrodynamics
Authors: Dehghani M.
Published: November 2019

In this paper, the Einstein-nonlinear electromagnetic theory has been studied in the four-dimensional de Sitter (dS) and anti-de Sitter (AdS) spacetimes. A new class of nonlinearly charged A(dS) black hole solution, in the presence of quadratically-extended Maxwell field, has been obtained and the thermodynamical properties have been analyzed. The black hole entropy, temperature and electric potential have been calculated, making use of the geometric methods. Through a Smarr mass formula the black hole mass has been written as a function of the complete set of extensive parameters (i.e. charge and entropy). It has been found that the intensive parameters (i.e. electric potential and temperature) obtained from the mass formula coincide with their values obtained from geometric approaches. It confirms the validity of the first law of black hole thermodynamics. A black hole stability analysis has been performed from the canonical ensemble approach, regarding the black hole heat capacity with the black hole charge as a constant. The points of type one and type two phase transitions, and the ranges at which the new charged A(dS) black holes are locally stable have been determined. Also, for the new charged black holes to be physically reasonable, their charge has been restricted to some specific ranges.
DIGITAL STRATEGY — INTEGRATED APPROACH AND GENERIC OPTIONS
Authors: SCHALLMO DANIEL , WILLIAMS CHRISTOPHER A. , LOHSE JOCHEN
Published: November 2019

The purpose of this paper is to develop an integrated approach for a digital strategy including generic options. Our research is based on our previous contribution in which we have analysed and compared existing approaches on digital strategy. We expanded this research by conducting 13 semi-structured interviews to gain insights from experts on digital strategy (researchers and consultants). We also analysed 10 case studies collected using semi-structured interviews with company representatives. Our findings show that digital strategy, although still in its infancy, is currently a significant topic across several industries. The paper offers an integrated approach for the development of a digital strategy which consists of six phases: external strategic analysis, strategic forecasting, internal strategic analysis, strategic principle, strategic options and strategy formulation. Within the integrated approach we also deliver four generic digital strategies: product provider, service provider, product platform operator and service platform operator.
Maximizing the largest eigenvalues of signed unicyclic graphs
Authors: Souri M. , Heydari F. , Maghasedi M.
Published: November 2019

Let [Formula: see text] be the set of all unbalanced unicyclic graphs of order [Formula: see text] and girth at least [Formula: see text]. In this paper, we determine the signed graph whose largest eigenvalue is maximal among all graphs in [Formula: see text].
A Survey on Industrial Information Integration 2016–2019
Authors: Chen Yong
Published: November 2019

Industrial information integration engineering (IIIE) is a set of foundational concepts and techniques that facilitate the industrial information integration process. In recent years, many applications of the integration between Internet of Things (IoT) and IIIE have become available, including industrial Internet of Things (IIoT), cyber-physical systems, smart grids, and smart manufacturing. In order to investigate the latest achievements of studies on IIIE, this paper reviews literatures from 2016 to 2019 in IEEEXplore and Web of Science. Altogether, 970 papers related to IIIE are grouped into 27 research categories and reviewed. The results present up-to-date development of IIIE and provide directions for future research on IIIE.
Paleomagnetic and magnetic fabric data from Lower Triassic redbeds of the Central Western Carpathians: new constraints on the paleogeographic and tectonic evolution of the Carpathian region
Authors: Szaniawski Rafał , Ludwiniak Mirosław , Mazzoli Stefano , Szczygieł Jacek , Jankowski Leszek
Published: November 2019

In the Central Western Carpathians (CWC), most published paleomagnetic results from Permo-Mesozoic rocks document extensive remagnetizations and come from thin-skinned thrust units that have undergone multistage deformation. We present results from lower Triassic redbeds from the autochthonous cover overlying the basement that carry a primary magnetization. Petromagnetic results indicate that the dominant ferromagnetic carrier is hematite, while magnetic susceptibility and its anisotropy are controlled by both ferromagnetic and paramagnetic minerals. Magnetic fabrics document weak deformation related to Late Cretaceous shortening. The directions of the high unblocking temperature remanence components pass both reversal and fold tests, attesting to their primary nature. Paleomagnetic inclinations are flatter than expected from reference datasets, suggesting small latitudinal separation between the CWC and stable Europe. Paleomagnetic declinations are mostly clustered within individual mountain massifs, implying their tectonic coherence. They show only minor differences between the massifs, indicating a lack of significant vertical-axis tectonic rotations within the studied central parts of the CWC. The paleomagnetic declinations are therefore representative of the whole of the CWC in terms of regional paleogeographic interpretations, and imply moderate counterclockwise rotations (
c
. 26°) of the region with respect to stable Europe since the Early Triassic.
Active Defense Strategy Selection Method Based on Two-Way Signaling Game
Authors: Liu Xiaohu , Zhang Hengwei , Zhang Yuchen , Shao Lulu , Han Jihong
Published: November 2019

Most network security research studies based on signaling games assume that either the attacker or the defender is the sender of the signal and the other party is the receiver of the signal. The attack and defense process is commonly modeled and analyzed from the perspective of one-way signal transmission. Aiming at the reality of two-way signal transmission in network attack and defense confrontation, we propose a method of active defense strategy selection based on a two-way signaling game. In this paper, a two-way signaling game model is constructed to analyze the network attack and defense processes. Based on the solution of a perfect Bayesian equilibrium, a defense strategy selection algorithm is presented. The feasibility and effectiveness of the method are verified using examples from real-world applications. In addition, the mechanism of the deception signal is analyzed, and conclusions for guiding the selection of active defense strategies are provided.
Phellinus linteusGrown on Germinated Brown Rice Inhibits IgE-Mediated Allergic Activity through the Suppression of FcεRI-Dependent Signaling PathwayIn VitroandIn Vivo
Authors: Kwon Ha-Kyoung , Park Hye-Jin
Published: November 2019

Phellinus linteus(PL) has been used as a traditional herbal medicine owing to its immune regulatory activity. Previous studies reported that PL grown on germinated brown rice (PBR) exerted immunomodulatory, anticancer, and anti-inflammatory activities. However, role of PBR on type I hypersensitive reactions has not been studied yet. We found that PBR contained more polyphenolic compounds than PL extract. Among fractions, PBR butanol fraction (PBR-BuOH) significantly contained the most amounts of total polyphenolic contents compared with all extracts or fractions. In this study, anti-allergic activity of PBR-BuOH was examined usingin vitroandin vivomodels of immunoglobulin E/antigen- (IgE/Ag-) stimulated allergy. The inhibitory activity of degranulation was higher in PBR-BuOH (IC5041.31 ± 0.14 μg/mL) than in PL-BuOH (IC50108.07 ± 8.98 μg/mL). We observed that PBR-BuOH suppressed calcium influx and the level of TNF-αand IL-4 mRNA expression in a dose-dependent manner. The phosphorylation of Fyn, Gab2, PI3K, Syk, and IκB protein is reduced by PBR-BuOH. Oral administration of PBR-BuOH inhibited allergic reactions including the extravasation of Evans blue dye, ear swelling, and infiltration of immune cells in mice with passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA). These findings suggest that PBR-BuOH might be used as a functional food, a health supplement, or a drug for preventing type I hypersensitive allergic disease.
Automatic Lung Segmentation Based on Texture and Deep Features of HRCT Images with Interstitial Lung Disease
Authors: Pang Ting , Guo Shaoyong , Zhang Xinwang , Zhao Lijie
Published: November 2019

Lung segmentation in high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) images is necessary before the computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) of interstitial lung disease (ILD). Traditional methods are less intelligent and have lower accuracy of segmentation. This paper develops a novel automatic segmentation model using radiomics with a combination of hand-crafted features and deep features. The study uses ILD Database-MedGIFT from 128 patients with 108 annotated image series and selects 1946 regions of interest (ROI) of lung tissue patterns for training and testing. First, images are denoised by Wiener filter. Then, segmentation is performed by fusion of features that are extracted from the gray-level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM) which is a classic texture analysis method and U-Net which is a standard convolutional neural network (CNN). The final experiment result for segmentation in terms of dice similarity coefficient (DSC) is 89.42%, which is comparable to the state-of-the-art methods. The training performance shows the effectiveness for a combination of texture and deep radiomics features in lung segmentation.
Ginsenoside Rg3 Attenuates Angiotensin II-Mediated Renal Injury in Rats and Mice by Upregulating Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 in the Renal Tissue
Authors: Liu Hui , Jiang Yichuan , Li Min , Yu Xiaofeng , Sui Dayun , Fu Li
Published: November 2019

Angiotensin II- (Ang II-) mediated renal injury represents a major pathogenetic mechanism in most chronic kidney diseases. Our previous research demonstrated that ginsenoside Rg3 (Rg3) attenuates Ang II elevation in the myocardium in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). It is possible that Rg3 has similar effects in the renal tissue. In this research, we first demonstrated that Rg3 could attenuate Ang II increase in the kidney of SHR and reduce hypertensive nephropathy progression. Then, we found that Rg3 attenuated Ang II increase by upregulating angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) in the renal tissue. We confirmed this finding in an exogenous Ang II-infused mice model of renal injury, and two models showed consistent results. In conclusion, Rg3 attenuates Ang II-mediated renal injury in rats and mice by upregulating ACE2 in the renal tissue. This research is the first to demonstrate that Rg3 increases tissue ACE2 levels in vivo.
Young Coconut Juice Reduces Some Histopathological Changes Associated with Alzheimer’s Disease through the Modulation of Estrogen Receptors in Orchidectomized Rat Brains
Authors: Balit Tatcha , Abdel-Wahhab Mosaad A. , Radenahmad Nisaudah
Published: November 2019

Propose. This study aimed to evaluate the protective role of young coconut juice (YCJ) against the pathological changes in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) in orchidectomized (orx) rats. Methods and Results. Animals were divided into 7 groups including: baseline normal control group, sham control, orx rat group, orx rat group injected with 2.5 μg/kg b.w. estradiol benzoate (EB) 3 days a week for 10 weeks, and the orx rat groups treated orally with 10, 20, and 40 ml/kg b.w. of YCJ for 10 weeks. At the end of treatment period, animals were sacrificed and the brain of each rat was removed, fixed in 10% neutral formalin, and stained by specific antibodies against NF200, parvalbumin (PV), β-amyloid (Aβ), and estrogen receptors (ERα and ERβ). The results showed that the number of NF200- and PV-reactive neurons in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex was significantly reduced in orx rats. However, it restored to normal in orx rats injected with EB or those administrated with YCJ in a dose-related manner. Neurons containing β-amyloid (Aβ), a hallmark of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), were found to be increased in the orx rats; however; they were reduced by EB injection or YCJ administration. These results suggested the binding of the YCJ active ingredient(s) with estrogen receptors (ERs) in the brain as indicated by the detection of ERα and ERβ in neurons since a significant correlation was detected between NF200-/PV-reactive neurons vs ERα-/ERβ-reactive neurons.Conclusion. It could be concluded that YCJ is effective as EB in reducing AD pathology, probably by being selective estrogen receptor modulators.
Single-Cell Gene Expression Analyses Reveal Distinct Self-Renewing and Proliferating Subsets in the Leukemia Stem Cell Compartment in Acute Myeloid Leukemia
Authors: Sachs Karen , Sarver Aaron L. , Noble-Orcutt Klara E. , LaRue Rebecca S. , Antony Marie Lue , Chang Daniel , Lee Yoonkyu , Navis Connor M. , Hillesheim Alexandria L. , Nykaza Ian R. , Ha Ngoc A. , Hansen Conner J. , Karadag Fatma K. , Bergerson Rachel J. , Verneris Michael R. , Meredith Matthew M. , Schomaker Matthew L. , Linden Michael A. , Myers Chad L. , Largaespada David A. , Sachs Zohar
Published: November 2019

Standard chemotherapy for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) targets proliferative cells and efficiently induces complete remission; however, many patients relapse and die of their disease. Relapse is caused by leukemia stem cells (LSC), the cells with self-renewal capacity. Self-renewal and proliferation are separate functions in normal hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) in steady-state conditions. If these functions are also separate functions in LSCs, then antiproliferative therapies may fail to target self-renewal, allowing for relapse. We investigated whether proliferation and self-renewal are separate functions in LSCs as they often are in HSCs. Distinct transcriptional profiles within LSCs of Mll-AF9/NRASG12V murine AML were identified using single-cell RNA sequencing. Single-cell qPCR revealed that these genes were also differentially expressed in primary human LSCs and normal human HSPCs. A smaller subset of these genes was upregulated in LSCs relative to HSPCs; this subset of genes constitutes “LSC-specific” genes in human AML. To assess the differences between these profiles, we identified cell surface markers, CD69 and CD36, whose genes were differentially expressed between these profiles. In vivo mouse reconstitution assays resealed that only CD69High LSCs were capable of self-renewal and were poorly proliferative. In contrast, CD36High LSCs were unable to transplant leukemia but were highly proliferative. These data demonstrate that the transcriptional foundations of self-renewal and proliferation are distinct in LSCs as they often are in normal stem cells and suggest that therapeutic strategies that target self-renewal, in addition to proliferation, are critical to prevent relapse and improve survival in AML.

Significance:

These findings define and functionally validate a self-renewal gene profile of leukemia stem cells at the single-cell level and demonstrate that self-renewal and proliferation are distinct in AML.
Association Between Ambulatory Care Utilization and Coronary Artery Disease Outcomes by Race/Ethnicity
Authors: Kim Eun Ji , Parker Victoria A. , Liebschutz Jane M. , Conigliaro Joseph , DeGeorge Jean , Hanchate Amresh D.
Published: November 2019

Background

Coronary artery disease is common, and there exist disparities in management and outcomes. The purpose of this study is to examine the association between ambulatory care utilizations and inpatient acute myocardial infarction (
AMI
) mortality.

Methods and Results

This is a retrospective analysis of a stratified national sample of Medicare fee‐for‐service enrollees aged 66 years and older from January 1, 2010 to December 31, 2011. We measured both number of ambulatory visits and presence of ambulatory cardiac tests. The primary outcome was inpatient
AMI
mortality. Using multivariate logistic regression models, we estimated the association between ambulatory care utilization and the main patient outcomes, adjusting for patient‐ and area‐level demographic, geographical, and clinical characteristics. We found that a significantly lower percentage of Hispanics and Asians, relative to whites, had frequent ambulatory care visits. Among the largest 4 race/ethnic groups, Asians had the highest observed inpatient mortality rate (15.9%). Overall, low ambulatory utilization was associated with higher odds (odds ratio=1.85 [95% confidence interval: 1.11‐3.08]), and ambulatory cardiac testing was associated with lower odds (odds ratio=0.73 [0.55‐0.95]) of inpatient
AMI
mortality, after adjustment for covariates. Asians had higher odds of inpatient
AMI
mortality even after adjustment for covariates.

Conclusions

Among Medicare fee‐for‐service enrollees, Hispanics and Asians had lower rates of ambulatory care visits, and all minority groups had higher odds of hospitalization for
AMI
. Ambulatory care utilization, including both ambulatory clinic visits and outpatient cardiac tests, were associated with
AMI
mortality. Further research is needed to understand the causal relationship between ambulatory care utilization and cardiovascular outcomes.
Does Situation Matter in Conceptions of Children’s Nurturance and Self-determination Rights?
Authors: Gilles Juliana Karras-Jean , Elisha Isabelle , Ruck Martin D. , Tenenbaum Harriet R. , Willenberg Ingrid A.
Published: November 2019

Recent work regarding children’s rights has advocated for research in non-Western settings and with participants who are ethnic/racial minorities. We addressed these issues through secondary analysis of interviews with 63 mixed-race South African children (9-, 11-, and 13-year olds) and their mothers. Participants’ responses to hypothetical vignettes depicting children’s nurturance and self-determination rights scenarios were coded using social cognitive domain theory and subsequently analysed with mixed-design anovas. Outcomes figured prominently in children’s and mothers’ reasoning. Moral reasoning was primarily invoked when discussing the right to privacy, extending earlier work and suggesting the importance of privacy across cultural contexts.
Treatment of Children as Adults under India’s Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Act, 2015
Authors: Raha Swagata
Published: November 2019

This article examines whether international human rights law (ihrl) allows States to make exceptions based on the serious nature of the crime alleged and the age of a child accused of an offence. It specifically analyses the compatibility with ihrl of India’s Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Act, 2015, which allows children 16 or above and accused of heinous offences to be tried as adults. The central argument is that trial and punishment of children as adults, for any offence, violates the right to non-discrimination recognised under ihrl as well as the principle of best interest, reintegration objective of juvenile justice and rights of juveniles provided in the UN Convention on Rights of the Child, 1989 and other international instruments.
The Rights of Queer Children
Authors: Linde Robyn
Published: November 2019

The ratification of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (crc) has long been hailed as a major event in the realisation of children’s human rights, combining the need for protection with a desire to grant agency through recognition of the evolving capacities of the child. Yet the idea of children’s agency as articulated in the crc excluded sexual identity and expression, and ushered in an incomplete emancipation for lgbtiq children; children who are gender non-conforming; and children whose sexual expression otherwise conflicts with heterosexuality – hereafter queer children. I argue that while the crc granted children agency in terms of rights to expression, thought and conscience, it denied children sexual agency. Queer children’s political agency is intimately connected to sexual identity and agency, because unlike their heterosexual counterparts, queer children’s identity and expression is sexualised while, at the same time, they are excluded from adult, identity-based movements.
To Bear the Past as a Living Wound: William James and the Philosophy of History
Authors: Sheehey Bonnie
Published: November 2019

Philosophers generally recognize pragmatism as a philosophy of progress. For many commentators, pragmatism is linked to a notion of historical progress through its embrace of meliorism – a forward-looking philosophy that places hope in the future possibility of improvement. This paper calls pragmatism’s progressivism into question by outlining an alternative account of meliorism in the work of William James. Drawing on his ethical writings from the 1870s and 1880s, I argue that James’s concept of hope does not imply an embrace of historical progress, but remains detached from such a notion precisely insofar as it relies on a non-progressive temporality that encourages a rethinking of historical change. This form of hope is significant, I suggest, for the work of conceptualizing a non-progressive pragmatist approach to history and historiography.
(Re)Placing the Congregation: Fieldwork and Congregational Place-Making
Authors: Hagley Scott
Published: November 2019

Drawing from place-theory, this essay argues for congregations to employ fieldwork as a means to perform the place-making work claimed in a term like ‘contextualization.’ While ‘contextualization’ articulates the importance of locale for Christian identity, ethnographic fieldwork performs the collaborative elements of place-making. Bringing the two fields together, the essay argues for congregations to employ fieldwork as a means for connecting congregational identity with the life of the neighbourhood.
Amphicnemis rigiketit sp. nov. from Sarawak, with notes on Amphicnemis remiger Laidlaw, 1912 (Odonata: Zygoptera: Coenagrionidae)
Authors: DOW RORY A.
Published: November 2019

Amphicnemis rigiketit sp. nov. is described from southwestern Sarawak (holotype ♂ in forest around stream, near road from Kota Samarahan to Siburan, Samarahan Division, Sarawak, Malaysian Borneo, 21 ii 2018, deposited in the Natural History Museum, London). The new species is allied to A. remiger Laidlaw, 1912. The female of A. remiger is described for the first time and a description of the male from a fresh specimen is provided along with notes on variation.
“A Small Story With Great Symbolic Potential”: Attempts at Fixing a Cemetery of Unknown Migrants in Tunisia
Authors: Zagaria Valentina
Published: November 2019

From the summer of 2015, as Europe faced the so-called “refugee crisis,” a cemetery in southeast Tunisia started gaining fame. Journalists, researchers, filmmakers, photographers, and activists began traveling to the coastal town of Zarzis to report on a burial site for the victims of the European Union’s border. They were welcomed by local actors, and in particular by Chamseddine, a former fisherman who over the years became deeply involved in these burials. Told through one man’s charitable commitment to provide dignity to those who died at the European Union’s liquid border, the cemetery was fixed as a place epitomizing both the deadly effects of migration policies and the compassion of simple citizens in the face of horror. Different individuals and groups also began organizing to materially fix the cemetery. Based on ethnographic fieldwork in Zarzis between 2015 and 2018, this article explores the conceptual and practical acts of “fixing” surrounding the cemetery. These resulted in turning it into a focal symbol triggering moral and political discourses not only of empathy and hope but also of blame and responsibility, bringing to the fore the colonial and neocolonial legacies of the “refugee crisis.”
An Overview of Pharmaceutical Production in Thai Hospitals
Authors: Pitchayajittipong Chonladda , Sriboon Srikanlaya , Kulmee Suphatthra , Prachuabaree Lersak , Srisawai Komkrit , Wattanawong Wannaporn , Sripa Saksit , Anderson Claire , Supapaan Teeraporn
Published: November 2019

Purpose: The purpose of this research was to provide an overview of pharmaceutical production in Thai hospitals. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was developed to study pharmaceutical production in the 1347 Thai hospitals. A representative sample was chosen using multistep selection arriving at a final total of 750 hospitals. Five experts in hospital pharmacy production were recruited to evaluate the content validity. The questionnaire consisted of 2 parts: (1) general details of the hospitals and (2) the type of pharmaceutical products. The latter classification were further divided into 6 types: (1) nonsterile products, (2) extemporaneous preparations, (3) total parenteral nutrition, (4) intravenous admixtures, (5) cytotoxic preparations, and (6) herbal medicine products. All data were analyzed via descriptive statistics. Results: From the 750 questionnaires sent out, 395 hospitals (52.67%) responded to the questionnaires. Regarding the 395 respondent sample group, approximately 60% of the hospitals were involved in pharmaceutical production. The top 3 pharmaceutical products were as follows: (1) cytotoxic preparations (315 items); (2) liquid nonsterile preparations (60 items), and (3) liquid extemporaneous preparations (52 items). The most frequently mentioned reasons for the production of each dosage form were as follows: (1) no commercially available product in appropriate dosage form or strength needed and (2) product was prepared following the hospital’s policy. The support needs in hospital pharmacy production were revealed as follows: (1) master formula, (2) quality assurance and quality control processes, (3) equipment, (4) standard references, (5) buildings, (6) personnel, (7) budget, (8) raw material suppliers, and (9) the coordination between the faculties of pharmaceutical sciences and hospitals. Conclusions: Approximately 60% of the respondents had pharmaceutical production in their hospitals. The greatest need for support was for a master formula to inform hospital-based pharmaceutical production. These findings provide essential information, especially for stakeholders, to understand the professional challenges and likely pharmaceutically related health service changes in the future.
Spatial Regression Models: A Systematic Comparison of Different Model Specifications Using Monte Carlo Experiments
Authors: Rüttenauer Tobias
Published: November 2019

Spatial regression models provide the opportunity to analyze spatial data and spatial processes. Yet, several model specifications can be used, all assuming different types of spatial dependence. This study summarizes the most commonly used spatial regression models and offers a comparison of their performance by using Monte Carlo experiments. In contrast to previous simulations, this study evaluates the bias of the impacts rather than the regression coefficients and additionally provides results for situations with a nonspatial omitted variable bias. Results reveal that the most commonly used spatial autoregressive and spatial error specifications yield severe drawbacks. In contrast, spatial Durbin specifications (SDM and SDEM) and the simple spatial lag of X (SLX) provide accurate estimates of direct impacts even in the case of misspecification. Regarding the indirect “spillover” effects, several—quite realistic—situations exist in which the SLX outperforms the more complex SDM and SDEM specifications.
Taming self-determination: The trials of a political speech-act
Authors: Abulof Uriel
Published: November 2019

The right of peoples to self-determination lies at the heart of the modern quest for statehood. This century-old principle warrants a world of true nation-states, where national boundaries make state borders, not the other way around. I argue, however, that the concept of ‘self-determination’ has been effectively (ab)used to foil, rather than foster, its original goal, and explain why and how this paradox transpired. In theory, self-determination is a potent ‘speech-act’: by uttering, en masse, their demand for self-determination, people(s) can change their politics, even create new states. In practice, however, powerful actors have tried to tame self-determination – by appropriating this right from the peoples, and delimiting its applicability to oppressed, non-ethnic communities and to substate solutions. In the tradition of conceptual history, this paper traces the dialectal process through which ‘self-determination’ evolved, from its Enlightenment inception, through its communist politicization, to its liberal universalization and its current predicament.
How does mindful eating without non-judgement, mindfulness and self-compassion relate to motivations to eat palatable foods in a student population?
Authors: Keyte Rebecca , Egan Helen , Mantzios Michail
Published: November 2019

Background:

Previous research acknowledges the impact mindfulness, mindful eating and self-compassion has upon weight regulation and motives to eat palatable foods, with mindful eating showing an increased impact of eating behaviours. Some research has identified that present moment awareness should be the primary focus of mindful eating.

Aim:

This research aimed to explore the relationship between mindfulness, self-compassion and mindful eating with motivations to eat palatable food.

Methods:

A cross-sectional study was conducted to investigate this relationship among university students ( n = 211), utilizing a newly developed mindful eating scale primarily focusing on present moment awareness.

Results:

Results indicated significant negative correlations between both self-compassion and mindful eating and motives to eat palatable foods. Mindful eating positively correlated with self-compassion and other mindfulness elements that are suggesting indirect acceptance measurements of the mindful eating scale.

Conclusion:

Possible explanations and future directions are discussed further with an emphasis on the need for more empirical work. In addition, suggestions are provided regarding the reinterpretation of elements that are investigated and explored in eating literature.
The coexistence of ROS1-rearranged lung adenocarcinoma and pulmonary tuberculosis in a critical ill young patient
Authors: Zhu Hui , Wang Xiao-Qin , Lu Hai-Yan
Published: November 2019

The coexistence of lung cancer and pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) is uncommon in young patients. We report a case of 22-year-old man who presented with a one-month history of chest pain, cough, slight haemoptysis and weight loss. Following two acid fast bacilli positive sputum samples, a diagnosis of TB was concluded. However, his response to anti-TB therapy was inadequate. A CT scan and further laboratory tests assisted the final diagnosis as c-ros oncogene 1 (ROS1) rearranged lung adenocarcinoma and PTB. Despite severe comorbidities, the patient achieved clinical remission following treatment with the anti-cancer drug, crizotinib and anti- TB therapy. Clinicians should be aware that this comorbidity can occur in all age groups and the clinical and radiological symptoms of the two diseases are similar.
Intimate Partner Violence and Associated Risk Factors Among Youth in the Slums of Kampala
Authors: Culbreth Rachel , Swahn Monica H. , Salazar Laura F. , Kasirye Rogers , Musuya Tina
Published: November 2019

The purpose of this study is to examine the factors associated with intimate partner violence (IPV) among youth living in the slums of Kampala. This analysis is based on a cross-sectional study of youth living in the slums of Kampala conducted in spring 2014 ( N = 1,134). The participants (12–18 years of age) were attending Uganda Youth Development Link centers, which serve youth living on the streets and slums of Kampala. Bivariate and multivariable multinomial analyses were conducted to examine risk factors associated with IPV victimization only, IPV perpetration only, and both IPV victimization and perpetration compared with no IPV victimization or perpetration. Among youth who reported having a boyfriend or girlfriend ( n = 600), 18.3% ( n = 110) reported experiencing both IPV victimization and perpetration, 11.0% ( n = 66) reported IPV perpetration only, 7.7% ( n = 46) reported experiencing IPV victimization only, and 63.0% ( n = 378) reported no IPV experiences. In the multivariable analysis, IPV victimization only was associated with witnessing parental IPV (odds ratio [OR] = 2.78; 95% confidence interval [CI] = [1.42, 5.48]), experiencing parental physical abuse (OR = 2.27; 95% CI = [1.16, 4.46]), and neighborhood cohesiveness (OR = 0.73; 95% CI = [0.31, 1.69]). IPV perpetration was only associated with experiencing parental physical abuse (OR = 2.86; 95% CI = [1.62, 5.07]). Reporting both IPV victimization and perpetration was associated with non-problem drinking (OR = 2.03; 95% CI = [1.15, 3.57]), problem drinking (OR = 2.65; 95% CI = [1.48, 4.74]), witnessing parental IPV (OR = 2.94; 95% CI = [1.80, 4.80]), experiencing parental physical abuse (OR = 2.23; 95% CI = [1.38, 3.60]), and homelessness (OR = 1.90; 95% CI = [1.14, 3.16]). Levels of IPV victimization and perpetration are very high in this population and warrant urgent attention.
Parametric optimization for rehabilitation of pipes with adhesive bonding
Authors: Chokka Syam Kumar , Ben B Satish , Srinadh KV Sai
Published: November 2019

This work deals with the optimization of process parameters for rehabilitation of the pipe through-wall hole defects using adhesive bonding. Epoxy-based nonstructural adhesive (NSA) and structural adhesive (SA) combination, precure temperature, bond length, and surface preparation were considered as the parameters. The optimization of parameters directly on pipes is an expensive and time-consuming process. Hence, stainless steel and carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (SS-CFRP) composite single-strap joint was considered. The equivalent loads that were acting during the hydrostatic pressure test were applied to the SS-CFRP joint and its parametric effect on bond strength was studied. The stress distribution along the adhesive layer length has been derived analytically. The surface roughness of prebond surfaces was measured using a 3-D microscope. The quality of the adhesive bond was evaluated using nondestructive testing (digital radiography). The damaged pipe was rehabilitated with optimized parameters and its hydrostatic pressure resistance was tested according to ISO/TS 24817 standards. From the results, it is observed that the rehabilitated pipe with optimized parameters was able to sustain a maximum of 79% of its allowable pressure.
Variational iteration algorithm I with an auxiliary parameter for the solution of differential equations of motion for simple and damped mass–spring systems
Authors: Ahmad Hijaz , Khan Tufail A
Published: November 2019

In this article, variational iteration algorithm I with an auxiliary parameter is used for simple and damped mass–spring systems that undergo forced vibrations and transverse vibration of uniform and variable beams with simply supported analytical treatment. In addition, common vibration problems are classified and the values of Lagrange multipliers are identified for each type of problem. Examples are given at the end, which shows that this modification demonstrated the high efficiency and attained very good agreement in illustrated models and might be promptly reached out to other nonlinear differential and partial differential equations.
Turbocharging strategy among variable geometry turbine, two-stage turbine, and asymmetric two-scroll turbine for energy and emission in diesel engines
Authors: Zhu Dengting , Sun Zhenzhong , Zheng Xinqian
Published: November 2019

Energy saving and emission reduction are very urgent for internal combustion engines. Turbocharging and exhaust gas recirculation technologies are very significant for emissions and fuel economy of internal combustion engines. Various after-treatment technologies in internal combustion engines have different requirements for exhaust gas recirculation rates. However, it is not clear how to choose turbocharging technologies for different exhaust gas recirculation requirements. This work has indicated the direction to the turbocharging strategy among the variable geometry, two-stage, and asymmetric twin-scroll turbocharging for different exhaust gas recirculation rates. In the paper, a test bench engine experiment was presented to validate the numerical models of the three diesel engines employed with the asymmetric twin-scroll turbine, two-stage turbine, and variable geometry turbine. On the basis of the numerical models, the turbocharging routes among the three turbocharging approaches under different requirements for EGR rates are studied, and the other significant performances of the three turbines were also discussed. The results show that there is an inflection point in the relative advantages of asymmetric, variable geometry, and two-stage turbocharged engines. At the full engine load, when the EGR rate is lower than 29%, the two-stage turbocharging technology has the best performances. However, when the exhaust gas recirculation rate is higher than 29%, the asymmetric twin-scroll turbocharging is the best choice and more appropriate for driving high exhaust gas recirculation rates. The work may offer guidelines to choose the most suitable turbocharging technology for engine engineers and manufacturers to achieve further improvements in engine energy and emissions.
EU Law (MiFID II) and effective regulation: a step towards financial stability?
Authors: Repiquet Mariia Domina
Published: November 2019

This article examines to what extent EU law is effective in preserving global financial stability and, therefore, preventing financial crisis. A difference between macro- and micro-approaches to financial regulation is explained. Whilst the former is concerned with the minimization of systemic risks and maintaining of the financial stability, the latter is focused on the effective regulation of all financial markets’ players, whatever the size of their portfolios. These approaches are the two sides of the same coin, that is limiting the possibility that future financial crises will occur. This paper argues that the effective regulation of investment firms, especially their duty of care, helps to preserve overall financial stability. The choice of the MiFID II as a case study is explained by its appreciation as one of the biggest achievements of EU policymakers in the context of financial law so far. How does a duty to ‘know your customer’ affect global financial stability within the EU? What is the role of soft law in preserving the financial system? These are the questions that this paper seeks to answer.
3D, Weightbearing Topographical Study of Periprosthetic Cysts and Alignment in Total Ankle Replacement
Authors: Lintz François , Mast Jef , Bernasconi Alessio , Mehdi Nazim , de Cesar Netto Cesar , Fernando Céline ,   International Weight-Bearing CT Society, Buedts Kristian
Published: November 2019

Background:

We investigated the association between hindfoot residual malalignment assessed on weightbearing computed tomography (WBCT) images and the development of periprosthetic cysts (PPCs) after total ankle replacement (TAR). We hypothesized that PPCs would be found predominantly medially in the varus configuration and laterally in the valgus configuration.

Methods:

Cases of primary TAR with available WBCT imaging of the ankle were included in this retrospective study. The location of the PPC was marked and the following volumes were calculated: total (TCV), medial (MCV), central (CCV), and lateral (LCV) cyst volumes. Hindfoot alignment was measured as Foot and Ankle Offset (FAO), with 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) calculated to define varus (<95% CI) and valgus (>95% CI) groups. Cyst volumes were compared between these 2 groups. The American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society (AOFAS) score at the time of the WBCT was also retrieved. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to determine FAO thresholds for predicting an increased risk of PPC.

Results:

Forty-eight TARs (mean follow-up, 44.6 months) were included, 81% of which had at least 1 PPC. The mean FAO was 0.12% (95% CI, –1.12 to 1.36). Patients with greater residual malalignment ( P < .001) and those with longer follow-up ( P < .001) presented with increased TCV. In varus cases, the MCV was greater than the LCV ( P = .042), with a threshold FAO value of −2.75% or less predicting an increased MCV. In valgus cases, the LCV was greater than the MCV ( P = .049), with a FAO threshold value of 4.5% or more predicting an increased LCV.

Conclusion:

In this series, the PPC volume after primary TAR significantly correlated with postoperative hindfoot malalignment and longer follow-up.

Level of Evidence:

Level III, retrospective comparative series.