bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PANDA
Authors: Mehrotra Sharad , Sharma Shantanu , Ullman Jeffrey D. , Ghosh Dhrubajyoti , Gupta Peeyush , Mishra Anurag
Published: August 2020

Despite extensive research on cryptography, secure and efficient query processing over outsourced data remains an open challenge. This article continues along with the emerging trend in secure data processing that recognizes that the entire dataset may not be sensitive and, hence, non-sensitivity of data can be exploited to overcome limitations of existing encryption-based approaches. We first provide a new security definition, entitled
partitioned data security
, for guaranteeing that the joint processing of non-sensitive data (in cleartext) and sensitive data (in encrypted form) does not lead to any leakage. Then, this article proposes a new secure approach, entitled
query binning
(QB), that allows secure execution of queries over non-sensitive and sensitive parts of the data. QB maps a query to a set of queries over the sensitive and non-sensitive data in a way that no leakage will occur due to the joint processing over sensitive and non-sensitive data. In particular, we propose secure algorithms for selection, range, and join queries to be executed over encrypted sensitive and cleartext non-sensitive datasets. Interestingly, in addition to improving performance, we show that QB actually strengthens the security of the underlying cryptographic technique by preventing size, frequency-count, and workload-skew attacks.
Thermophoresis and Brownian Model of Pseudo-Plastic Nanofluid Flow over a Vertical Slender Cylinder
Authors: Hussain Faizan , Hussain Azad , Nadeem Sohail
Published: August 2020

This study focuses on the industrial and engineering interest quantities, such as drag force and rate of transmission of heat, for pseudo-plastic nanofluid flow. The attributes of natural convection of the pseudo-plastic nanofluid flow model over a vertical slender cylinder are explored. The pseudo-plastic flow is studied under the influence of concentration of nanoparticles, rate of heat transmission, and drag force. For the first time, the pseudo-plastic nanofluid flow model has been implemented over a vertical slender cylinder which is not yet investigated. The acquired model is based on thermophoresis and Brownian motion mechanisms. The governing equations of pseudo-plastic nanofluid in cylindrical coordinates are modelled. The developed system of nonlinear equations is tackled by boundary layer assumptions and similarity transformations. Moreover, the solution of the acquired system exhibited by using a new powerful numerical technique. A comprehensive debate on drag force and transmission of heat under the influence of various emerging parameters is illustrated in the table. Furthermore, the effects of dimensionless parameters over the velocity profile, temperature profile, and concentration of nanoparticle profile have been exhibited graphically.
Tranexamic Acid for Blood Loss after Transforaminal Posterior Lumbar Interbody Fusion Surgery: A Double‐Blind, Placebo‐Controlled, Randomized Study
Authors: He Bin , Li Yuanqiang , Xu Shuai , Ou Yunsheng , Zhao Jinqiu
Published: August 2020

Background. Transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF) may result in significant blood loss and an increase in blood transfusion. Though tranexamic acid (TXA) is widely studied for the hemostasis of arthroplasty, there is little information on the use of TXA for TLIF surgery. Methods. This prospective randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial was conducted to study the influence of TXA (intravenous bolus of 10 mg/kg 15 minutes before skin incision followed by intravenous infusion of 6‐8 mg/kg/h up to a total dose of 15 mg/kg during the surgery) on the blood loss and Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) after TLIF surgery. 40 patients were randomized into two groups: TXA group (tranexamic acid) and control group (placebo). Baseline characteristics were comparable between the TXA group and the control group before the surgery. Outcomes assessed included blood loss, total postoperative drainage, time for drainage removal, time to ambulation, hospital stay after surgery, postoperative hemoglobin (Hb) one day after surgery, and adverse events. Results. Compared to patients in the control group after TLIF surgery, patients in the TXA group have significantly reduced intraoperative hemorrhage and time to ambulation after surgery but show similar hospital stay, postoperative drainage, time for drainage removal, postoperative Hb one day after surgery, and adverse events. Conclusions. TXA shows important ability in controlling blood loss and promoting the ERAS after TLIF surgery.
The Research on the Effect of Humidity on the Rheological Model of Swelling Rock
Authors: Ji Ming , Zhang Yi-Dong
Published: August 2020

The research on the rheological mechanical behaviour of swelling rock in the condition of humidity field has a significant meaning for large rock engineering, such as deep coal mining, tunnelling, and slope engineering. Based on the Nishihara model, considering on the effect of humidity factor on swelling rock, the rheological elements are established and the effects of humidity on the damage of rock, the viscosity, and the elasticity are introduced. Moreover, the viscoelastic plasticity constitutive equations are established under the coupling of swelling rock stress and humidity. Afterward, considering the effects of humidity on the damage, elasticity, and viscosity, the creeping, unloading, and relaxation equations have been deduced. From this research, under the state of low stress (σ3P < σS), the Nishihara model which considers the effect of humidity shows the properties of stable creeping. In addition, the unloading curves contain instantaneous elasticity, elastic after effect, and the viscosity flow induced by the humidity. However, under the state of high stress (σ3P ≥ σS), it is an unstable creeping model. The unloading curves include instantaneous elasticity, elastic after effect, and the viscosity flow induced by the stress and the humidity. This model reflects the rheological properties of swelling rock comprehensively, and it can be used for rock rheological analysis.
Isolation and Identification of Methicillin-ResistantStaphylococcus aureus(MRSA) from Milk in Shire Dairy Farms, Tigray, Ethiopia
Authors: Girmay Weldemelak , Gugsa Getachew , Taddele Habtamu , Tsegaye Yisehak , Awol Nesibu , Ahmed Meselu , Feleke Aklilu
Published: August 2020

Antibiotic-resistantStaphylococcus aureusisolates pose a severe challenge to both veterinary and health professions and dairy cattle producers. Cross-sectional study was conducted from November 2014 to May 2015 to isolate and identifyS. aureusfrom mastitic cows’ milk and estimate the occurrence of MRSA in the dairy farms of Shire. Physical examination and California mastitis test were performed on a total of 220 dairy cows. Bacteriological isolation and identification and antibiogram testing were performed. Furthermore, multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was done for the detection ofmec Aandfem Agenes. Out of the 220 dairy cows, 64 (29.09%) were positive for bovine mastitis, and of these, 32.81% were coagulase-positiveS. aureus(CoPS). Antibiogram test results showed 100% of the isolates were resistant to penicillin G, nalidixic acid, and ampicillin, and 33.33% of the CoPS showed resistance to oxacillin (phenotypically MRSA positive). But 38.09% of the CoPS were found to be resistant and susceptible to vancomycin. PCR amplification of the seven phenotypically MRSA isolates revealed that 42.9% and 71.4% of them were found to carryfem Aandmec Agenes, respectively. The current study revealed the existence of alarming level of CoPS and development of multidrug resistance.
A Prioritization Model of Strategies for Small and Medium Firms in Less‐Developed Countries: A Tanzania Case
Authors: Ye Kunhui , Tekka Ramadhani Said
Published: August 2020

Most construction industries (CIs) from less‐developed countries (LDC) have been overwhelmed with many construction project’s challenges. The challenges have always been leading to prolonged unimproved performance of small and medium firms (SMFs). This study aimed to develop a prioritization model of strategies for performance improvement of SMF. Business process re‐engineering (BPR) is adopted to facilitate the identification of the re‐engineering core process as value activities and develop a conceptual framework for the study. The study used the questionnaire and interview survey to collect data from 253 respondents sampled through purposive sampling. Respondents were obtained from twenty‐eight firms obtained through a systematic approach that helped to get firms practicing BPR. Data were analyzed using SPSS 24‐AMOS to create structural equation modelling. Findings have revealed twelve (12) weakness indicators, seven (7) performance measure indicators, eleven (11) construction core process strategies, and sixteen (16) organizational strategies. Strategies were clustered into the seven‐cluster matrix, namely: resources, capacity building, operational, government policy, design, procurement, and construction management, having a positively significant correlation on SMF’s performance improvement. The study findings revealed that the BPR technique has globally become a useful tool for many organizations seeking to attain an improved performance since it provides a chance to re‐engineer the organization process. Thus, for the firm(s) to enhance performance improvement, it is recommended for LDC’s construction firm(s) to adopt re‐engineering process management techniques to identify and prioritize the construction core process and organizational strategies to attain improved performance.
Hierarchical Combinatorial Auction in Computing Resource Allocation for Mobile Blockchain
Authors: Xu Yuanyuan , Zhu Kun , Li Shan
Published: August 2020

The mobile blockchain has been recognized as an emerging solution to address the security and privacy issues in a mobile application system. The mining process in mobile blockchain requires high computing resources which could overwhelm that which mobile devices can offer. In this case, mobile edge computing servers (MESs) can be involved to offer computing services to miners in mobile blockchain. Note that the resources of MESs are also limited; MESs could further request resources from the cloud computing server (CCS). Accordingly, the issue of hierarchical computing resource allocation arises. In this paper, we first consider a simple case with single-seller multiple buyers and a hierarchical single-seller multibuyer combinatorial auction model is proposed to solve this problem, based on which efficient and truthful frameworks are provided. We then extend the model to consider multiple CCSPs and propose a hierarchical multiple-seller multiple-buyer combinatorial auction model. For both models, the winner determination problems are formulated and computationally tractable algorithms are proposed. Also, pricing schemes are proposed to ensure the property of incentive compatibility and individual rationality. Finally, we evaluate the proposed schemes via simulations.
A Review of Cracking Behavior and Mechanism in Clayey Soils Related to Desiccation
Authors: Wei Xin , Gao Chongyang , Liu Ke
Published: August 2020

Cracks in clayey soils are common during desiccation. The presence of cracks significantly alters the mechanical and hydraulic properties of soils. The objective of this article is to summarize the works on cracking behavior and mechanism in clayey soils related to desiccation. Historical field investigations, laboratory experimentations, identified mechanisms, and numerical approaches for modeling the process of cracking during desiccation are discussed. The experimental approaches for interpreting the mechanisms of cracking are systematically summarized and comprehensively reviewed based on the in situ observations and laboratory experimentations from the literature. The soil mechanics‐based approaches resumed in this article according to the fracture mechanics theory and numerical results highlight the cracking development mechanism. Concerning the plasticity characteristics of clayey soils, researches on soil fracture mechanics should be paid more attention. More in situ experimentations and numerical researches are suggested for future researches to better understand the cracking behavior and mechanism in clayey soils related to desiccation.
The Effect of Parallel-Axis Helix Gear Pair on Wind Turbine Gearbox Vibration Control
Authors: Li Zheng , Zhang Tianhe , Chen Yang , Song Lijuan
Published: August 2020

This article studies the effects of some basic parameters of a parallel-axis helix gear stage on wind turbine gearbox vibration in a case study: a multibody dynamic model is constructed to simulate the drive train of a faulted multistage wind turbine gearbox with serious vibrations. The significant vibration behaviour of the drive train for typical excitations is calculated, and the results according to specified geometric parameters of the gears are analysed in detail to investigate effective solutions for vibration reduction. The results indicate that the helix angle and numbers of teeth of a gear pair are the most significant factors for solving the problem. The effectiveness of the proposed solutions and relevant mechanisms are discussed and validated by a prototype vibration test.
Three-Order Multipoint Boundary Value Problems for p-Laplacian Operator on Time Scales
Authors: Su Hua
Published: August 2020

In this paper, the existence of positive solutions for the nonlinear four-point singular BVP for there-order with p-Laplacian operator on time scales will be studied. By using the fixed-point theory, the existence of positive solutions for nonlinear singular boundary value problem with p-Laplacian operator on time scales is obtained.
Transcriptomic Analysis Reveals the Protection of Astragaloside IV against Diabetic Nephropathy by Modulating Inflammation
Authors: Zhang Yudi , Tao Chunhe , Xuan Chen , Jiang Junyan , Cao Wenfu
Published: August 2020

Background. Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is one of the leading causes of end-stage kidney disease. Recently, there is no specific drug available to block the kidney damage. Astragaloside IV (AS-IV) is a major active component of Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch) Bge and has been demonstrated to benefit the kidney functions. This study explores the potential pharmacological action of AS-IV in DN of rats. Methods. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed with high-fat diet and injected with streptozotocin to induce diabetes. The diabetic rats were randomized and treated with vehicle or AS-IV (80 mg/kg) daily by gavage for 12 weeks as the DN or AS-IV group, respectively. The normal control rats were fed with normal chow and injected with vehicles (n=8 per group). These rats were monitored for diabetes- and kidney function-related measures. The expression profiles of gene mRNA transcripts in the kidney tissues were analyzed by RNA-seq and quantitative RT-PCR. The levels of advanced glycation end products (AGEs), IL-1β, and IL-18 in the serum samples and kidney tissues were quantified by ELISA. The levels of collagen IV (COL-4) and fibronectin (FN) expression in kidney tissues were examined by immunohistochemistry and Western blot. Results. In comparison with the DN group, AS-IV treatment significantly reduced blood glucose levels, food and water consumption, 24 h urine, renal index values, 24 h urine total proteins, blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels, and creatinine clearance rates (CCR), accompanied by minimizing the DN-induced early kidney damages, fibrosis, and microstructural changes. Furthermore, AS-IV treatment significantly modulated the DN-altered gene transcription profiles in the kidney of rats, particularly for inflammation-related genes, including the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor signaling, which was validated by quantitative RT-PCR. AS-IV treatment significantly decreased the levels of serum and kidney AGEs, IL-1β, and IL-18 expression and fibrosis indexes in the kidney of rats. Conclusion. AS-IV treatment ameliorated the severity of DN by inhibiting inflammation-related gene expression in the kidney of rats.
Influence of Spiral Nematodes (Scutellonema spp.) on Maize Performance and Growth under Natural Field Infestation in Mwea, Kenya
Authors: Maina Samuel , Nyoike Ng’endo Rossa
Published: August 2020

Maize (Zea mays L.) is a significant food security crop in Kenya and it serves as the main source of nutrition and calories among the small-holder farmers. The overall maize yields per hectare have been fluctuating in the past few years posing a great risk to food security. Among the stress factors associated with maize yield loss include plant-feeding nematodes. In this regard, this study was conducted to evaluate the impacts of plant-parasitic nematodes specifically Scutellonema spp. under field conditions on maize performance in Mwea, Kenya. The field trials were laid out in a randomized complete block design with each treatment comprising of four replicates. The treatments included maize plots without nematicide (MPWN) and control plots treated with nematicide. The experiments were conducted in two trials. Soil samples were taken at a 0–20 cm depth at monthly intervals during 2018–2019. During the two trials, MPWN recorded significantly lower plant height and number of leaves per plant. Correlation analysis revealed a significant negative relationship between Scutellonema abundance with leaf area index, plant height, and number of functional leaves in MPWN during the 2019 trial. This implies that high population of Scutellonema perhaps has the potential to affect leaf area index, plant height, number of leaves per plant, which are aspects that in turn influence maize productivity. Therefore, holistic sustainable management practices to control Scutellonema spp. in maize fields such as use of organic amendments, resistant maize cultivars, and antagonistic organisms are crucial in order to alleviate negative impacts linked to Scutellonema infestation.
Sound Velocity Estimation of Seabed Sediment Based on Parametric Array Sonar
Authors: Ma Jingxin , Li Haisen , Zhu Jianjun , Chen Baowei
Published: August 2020

Backscattered sound waves of seabed sediments are important information carriers in seafloor detection and acoustic characteristic parameters inversion. Most of the existing methods for estimating geoacoustic parameters are based on multiangle seabed backscattered signal processing and suitable for flat seafloor conditions with uniform sediment thickness. This usually deviates from the real field conditions and affects the accuracy of parameter estimation. In this paper, the sound ray propagation theory is studied and analysed under the condition of sloping seabed and uneven sediment thickness. Based on the phased parameter array sonar system, a method of acoustic parameters estimation of the sediment under inclined seabed conditions is proposed. The simulation results show that the new method shows good adaptability to different inclination angles of the seabed and solves the problem of accuracy of acoustic parameter estimation of the inclined seabed sediments. The model will greatly reduce the seafloor topography requirements in the sediment acoustic parameter inversion, such as velocity, layer thickness, and acoustic impedance.
Targeting TSLP-Induced Tyrosine Kinase Signaling Pathways in CRLF2-Rearranged Ph-like ALL
Authors: Sia Keith C.S. , Zhong Ling , Mayoh Chelsea , Norris Murray D. , Haber Michelle , Marshall Glenn M. , Raftery Mark J. , Lock Richard B.
Published: August 2020

Philadelphia (Ph)-like acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is characterized by aberrant activation of signaling pathways and high risk of relapse. Approximately 50% of Ph-like ALL cases overexpress cytokine receptor-like factor 2 (CRLF2) associated with gene rearrangement. Activated by its ligand thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), CRLF2 signaling is critical for the development, proliferation, and survival of normal lymphocytes. To examine activation of tyrosine kinases regulated by TSLP/CRLF2, phosphotyrosine (P-Tyr) profiling coupled with stable isotope labeling of amino acids in cell culture (SILAC) was conducted using two CRLF2-rearranged (CRLF2r) Ph-like ALL cell lines stimulated with TSLP. As a result, increased P-Tyr was detected in previously reported TSLP-activated tyrosine kinases and substrates, including JAK1, JAK2, STAT5, and ERK1/2. Interestingly, TSLP also increased P-Tyr of insulin growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R) and fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1), both of which can be targeted with small-molecule inhibitors. Fixed-ratio combination cytotoxicity assays using the tyrosine kinase inhibitors BMS-754807 and ponatinib that target IGF1R and FGFR1, respectively, revealed strong synergy against both cell line and patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models of CRLF2r Ph-like ALL. Further analyses also indicated off-target effects of ponatinib in the synergy, and novel association of the Ras-associated protein-1 (Rap1) signaling pathway with TSLP signaling in CRLF2r Ph-like ALL. When tested in vivo, the BMS-754807/ponatinib combination exerted minimal efficacy against 2 Ph-like ALL PDXs, associated with low achievable plasma drug concentrations. Although this study identified potential new targets in CRLF2r Ph-like ALL, it also highlights that in vivo validation of synergistic drug interactions is essential.

Implication:

Quantitative phosphotyrosine profiling identified potential therapeutic targets for high-risk CRLF2-rearranged Ph-like ALL.
Diffuse Intrinsic Pontine Glioma Cells Are Vulnerable to Mitotic Abnormalities Associated with BMI-1 Modulation
Authors: Senthil Kumar Shiva , Sengupta Satarupa , Zhu Xiaoting , Mishra Deepak Kumar , Phoenix Timothy , Dyer Lisa , Fuller Christine , Stevenson Charles B. , DeWire Mariko , Fouladi Maryam , Drissi Rachid
Published: August 2020

Diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG) is a poor-prognosis pediatric brain tumor with a median survival of less than 1 year. No effective therapy is currently available, and no therapeutic advances have been made in several decades. We have previously identified BMI-1 as a potential therapeutic target in DIPG and have shown that BMI-1 is highly expressed in DIPG tumors regardless of histone 3 subtype. In the present study, we show that the modulation of BMI-1 leads to DNA damage, M phase cell-cycle arrest, chromosome scattering, and cell death. Interestingly, EZH2 inhibition did not alter these effects. Furthermore, modulation of BMI-1 sensitizes DIPG patient-derived stem-like cells to ionizing radiation (IR). Treatment of DIPG stem-like cells with PTC596, a BMI-1 modulator, and IR impairs the kinetics of DNA damage response (DDR). Both DDR foci formation and resolution were delayed, resulting in further reduction in cell viability compared with either treatment alone. In vivo, treatment of mice bearing DIPG xenografts with PTC596 leads to decreased tumor volume and growth kinetics, increased intratumoral apoptosis, and sustained animal survival benefit. Gene expression analysis indicates that BMI-1 expression correlates positively with DIPG stemness and BMI-1 signature. At the single-cell level, the analysis reveals that BMI-1 pathway is upregulated in undifferentiated cells and positively correlates with stemness in DIPG tumors.

Implications:

Together, our findings indicate that BMI-1 modulation is associated with mitotic abnormalities, impaired DDR, and cell death, supporting the combination of BMI-1 modulation and radiation as a promising novel therapy for children with DIPG.
RICTOR Amplification Promotes NSCLC Cell Proliferation through Formation and Activation of mTORC2 at the Expense of mTORC1
Authors: Kim Laura C. , Rhee Christopher H. , Chen Jin
Published: August 2020

Non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is characterized by genomic alterations, yet a targetable mutation has not been discovered in nearly half of all patients. Recent studies have identified amplification of RICTOR, an mTORC2-specific cofactor, as a novel actionable target in NSCLC. mTORC2 is one of two distinct mTOR complexes to sense environmental cues and regulate a variety of cellular processes, including cell growth, proliferation, and metabolism, all of which promote tumorigenesis when aberrantly regulated. Interestingly, other components of mTORC2 are not coamplified with RICTOR in human lung cancer, raising the question as to whether RICTOR amplification-induced changes are dependent on mTORC2 function. To model RICTOR amplification, we overexpressed Rictor using the Cas9 Synergistic Activation Mediator system. Overexpression of Rictor increased mTORC2 integrity and signaling, but at the expense of mTORC1, suggesting that overexpressed Rictor recruits common components away from mTORC1. Additionally, Rictor overexpression increases the proliferation and growth of NSCLC 3D cultures and tumors in vivo. Conversely, knockout of RICTOR leads to decreased mTORC2 formation and activity, but increased mTORC1 function. Because Rictor has mTOR-dependent and -independent functions, we also knocked out mLST8, a shared mTOR cofactor but is specifically required for mTORC2 function. Inducible loss of mLST8 in RICTOR-amplified NSCLC cells inhibited mTORC2 integrity and signaling, tumor cell proliferation, and tumor growth. Collectively, these data identify a mechanism for Rictor-driven tumor progression and provide further rationale for the development of an mTORC2-specific inhibitor.

Implications:

RICTOR amplification drives NSCLC proliferation through formation of mTORC2, suggesting mTORC2-specific inhibition could be a beneficial therapeutic option.
Prognostic and Predictive Impact of Circulating Tumor DNA in Patients with Advanced Cancers Treated with Immune Checkpoint Blockade
Authors: Zhang Qu , Luo Jia , Wu Song , Si Han , Gao Chen , Xu Wenjing , Abdullah Shaad E. , Higgs Brandon W. , Dennis Phillip A. , van der Heijden Michiel S. , Segal Neil H. , Chaft Jamie E. , Hembrough Todd , Barrett J. Carl , Hellmann Matthew D.
Published: August 2020

The utility of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) as a biomarker in patients with advanced cancers receiving immunotherapy is uncertain. We therefore analyzed pretreatment (n = 978) and on-treatment (n = 171) ctDNA samples across 16 advanced-stage tumor types from three phase I/II trials of durvalumab (± the anti-CTLA4 therapy tremelimumab). Higher pretreatment variant allele frequencies (VAF) were associated with poorer overall survival (OS) and other known prognostic factors, but not objective response, suggesting a prognostic role for patient outcomes. On-treatment reductions in VAF and lower on-treatment VAF were independently associated with longer progression-free survival and OS and increased objective response rate, but not prognostic variables, suggesting that on-treatment ctDNA dynamics are predictive of benefit from immune checkpoint blockade. Accordingly, we propose a concept of “molecular response” using ctDNA, incorporating both pretreatment and on-treatment VAF, that predicted long-term survival similarly to initial radiologic response while also permitting early differentiation of responders among patients with initially radiologically stable disease.

Significance:

In a pan-cancer analysis of immune checkpoint blockade, pretreatment ctDNA levels appeared prognostic and on-treatment dynamics predictive. A “molecular response” metric identified long-term responders and adjudicated benefit among patients with initially radiologically stable disease. Changes in ctDNA may be more dynamic than radiographic changes and could complement existing trial endpoints.

This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 1775
Model of emergence evacuation route planning with contra flow and zone scheduling in disaster evacuation
Authors: Hartama Dedy , Mawengkang Herman , Zarlis Muhammad , Widia Sembiring Rahmad
Published: August 2020

Evacuation is characterized by rapid movement of people in unsafe locations or disaster sites to safer locations. The traffic management strategy for commonly used evacuations is the use of Shoulder-Lane, contraflowing traffic and gradual evacuation. Contra-flow has been commonly used in traffic management by changing traffic lanes during peak hours. To implement the contra-flow operation, there are two main problems that must be decided, namely Optimal Contraflow Lane Configuration Problem (OCLCP) and Optimal Contraflow Scheduling. Within the OCSP there are two approaches that can be used: zone scheduling and flow scheduling. Problem of Contra Flow and Zone Scheduling Problem is basically an Emergence Evacuation Route Planning (EERP) issue. This research will discuss EERP with ContraFlow and Zone Scheduling which can guarantee the movement of people in disaster area to safe area in emergency situation.
Impact of encryption and decryption techniques for high speed optical domain
Authors: Singh Rishabh , Kumar Ghanendra , Kumar Chakresh
Published: August 2020

This project proposes the design of ultrafast communication circuit which can enable the high speed secured data transmission at 50 Gb/s and 100 Gb/s by the use of distributed Raman amplifier, EDFA (Erbium – doped fiber amplifier), filter, single mode fiber along with Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) and attenuators. The simulation of the suggested optical circuit involves the use of parameters of Raman amplifier and EDFA and other components included in the optical structure. The design also includes the use of encryption and decryption techniques to ensure secured communication. Thus, realization of these circuits at 50 Gb/s and 100 Gb/s will enable the future optical communication applications for ultrafast data transmission to large distances.
An optimized encryption algorithm and F function with dynamic substitution for creating S-box and P-box entries for blowfish algorithm
Authors: C Rekha , G. N. Krishnamurthy
Published: August 2020

In the field of cryptography, there has been a massive amount of enhancement in manipulating the plaintext which is unreadable, less prone to crackers and hackers, again manipulating this unreadable form to get back plaintext in some way. The Blowfish algorithm is a block cipher, has complex in structure in generating P-box and S-box entries using encryption algorithm. By simplifying the structure of encryption algorithm as well as F function with dynamic substitution, this can improve the performance by generating P-box and S-box entries of blowfish algorithm. In this paper, the proposed method simplifies the structure to produce P-box and S-box entries in order to reduce computational cost and demonstrates the performance of blowfish. The approach considers different security aspects namely EQ analysis, KS analysis, AV analysis, Entropy, Floating Frequency analysis and correlation of horizontally adjacent pixels in an encrypted image.
Survey of wormhole attack in wireless sensor networks
Authors: Ghugar Umashankar , Pradhan Jayaram
Published: August 2020

From the last decade, a wireless sensor network (WSN) has a very important role over the networks. The primary features of WSN include satellite communication, broadcast channel, hostile environment, medical system and data gathering. There are a lot of attacks available in WSN.In wormhole attack scenario is brutal from other attacks, which is smoothly resolved in networks but tough to observe. This survey paper is an experiment to observing threats and also focuses on some different method to identify the wormhole attacks.
Dalkurd FF
Authors: Dias Tiago Duarte
Published: August 2020

As the whole world struggles with the appearance of a large-scale pandemic, individuals and institutions begin to cope with the perspective of both short and long-term changes to their plans. What had been planned out by many during January and February of 2020, no longer became feasible already during the following months. Thus, with the impossibility of knowing for how long this situation will persist, both individuals and institutions have changed their plans with a focus on when the situation will reverse to a degree of normalcy. This article aims to briefly understand and analyses the strategies centered around a Swedish football club founded by Kurdish individuals regarded to the consequences of the coronavirus crisis in the country. Both fans and employees at the club have changed their strategies regarding the first year they would be playing in their new hometown of Uppsala. The author will argue that, although, the crisis has changed their strategy and hampered their plans of becoming a local institution, it has not, in fact, changed their plans to be an integrated part of the city, but it has provided the club with newer opportunities to do so.
La conciliación no existe y las madres lo sabemos
Authors: Cordero Ana Lucía Hernández , Granados Paula González
Published: August 2020

Criar, educar, atender y cuidar a niños menores es una tarea que exige mucha dedicación y tiempo. Hacerlo en un periodo de crisis sanitaria como la del Covid-19 y al mismo tiempo tele-trabajar, se ha convertido en una hazaña para muchas madres. En este texto queremos compartir, en clave auto-etnográfica, la experiencia que estamos viviendo como madres trabajadoras durante el Coronavirus. Las semanas de confinamiento nos han confirmado las dificultades que tenemos las familias para hacer compatibles las dinámicas del trabajo asalariado con los cuidados. En más de 10 semanas de encierro, han variado nuestras emociones ante la atención infantil, el mantenimiento del hogar y el tele-trabajo. Estas vivencias, tal vez tan personales, al mismo tiempo son el reflejo de un modelo insostenible de conciliación, basado en arreglos individuales, precarios e injustos que las familias van ajustando dependiendo de sus posibilidades, sociales y económicas. Nuestra experiencia coincide con todas aquellas denuncias de cómo la pandemia ha multiplicado el trabajo de cuidados, y cómo esa desigualdad en la responsabilidad de la crianza afecta a nivel emocional, físico y social, y de manera contundente nuestra posición en el mercado de trabajo
A arte de governar os dados em tempos de Covid-19
Authors: Moraes Barbara
Published: August 2020

Os números que têm narrado a difusão do Covid-19 no Brasil se tornaram parte do nosso cotidiano através da publicação diária de dados sobre a pandemia. Esses dados sugerem algumas reflexões sobre a política e a técnica implicadas a um só tempo nas práticas governamentais e nas práticas científicas. Este ensaio busca estender as reflexões do meu trabalho de mestrado sobre práticas de conhecimento estatais a um momento em que as estatísticas se tornaram uma das formas mais veiculadas de discurso. O que os dados sobre o Covid-19 nos informam a respeito dos modos de ver e produzir conhecimento das ciências de governo? Como ficam as relações entre Ciência e Estado quando personalidades do mundo da política passam a produzir narrativas divergentes a respeito de questões de saúde pública?
Slow time
Authors: Gatlan Valentin
Published: August 2020

The essay portrays daily life in Bercine, southern part of Bucarest, Romania, during the lockdown. The pictures presented here are part of my observations of the life in front. People that are my neighbours, acquaintances and with whom I shared my life as well. As so, I decided to present the pictures in a form of photo-board in order to put together shared experiences. This essay is not a study of daily life under quarantine, or how life is in a certain period of our time. It may be an effect, but not its reason. Rather, it attempts to portray life in a small-scale. Such small-scale is made up of daily routines and experiences of cleaning, talking, waiting as well as feelings of solidarity, solitude, fear and sometimes hope. It is the idea of shared experience that turns silence and waiting not as a singular experience, but a communal space, as is the daily life in a building
Pandemia COVID-19
Authors: Maricato Glaucia
Published: August 2020

Ao longo da pandemia do coronavírus o movimento brasileiro de pessoas atingidas pela hanseníase realizou uma enorme série de reuniões e atividades virtuais. Embora pouco sabido, o Brasil é apontado pela Organização Mundial da Saúde como único país do mundo a não ter eliminado a hanseníase como problema de saúde pública. Também pouco sabido, o país conta com um dos mais antigos e fortes movimentos sociais composto por sujeitos atingidos pela hanseníase do mundo. Nesse breve artigo, apresento algumas das ações e atividades desenvolvidas pelo movimento brasileiro ao longo da epidemia do coronavírus, destacando a constituição de uma experiencia coletiva diante da pandemia e o fortalecimento de redes de colaboração com movimentos de sujeitos afetados de outros países.
Sair para o mato
Authors: Benucci Thiago Magri , Jabra Daniel Stiphan
Published: August 2020

Com o avanço da Covid-19 os Yanomami do rio Marauiá (Amazonas, Brasil) atualizam uma prática tradicional de mobilidade (wayumɨ) como estratégia de resistência e de sobrevivência. Contra a nova pandemia, saem das aldeias e se refugiam na floresta, invertendo a aproximação histórica com os não-indígenas (napë pë), recusando a proximidade e o convívio. Até saírem de suas aldeias, um interlocutor compartilhava conosco notícias e reflexões sobre o momento em que vivemos e é a partir destas conversas que trazemos algumas reflexões sobre esta prática e a possibilidade de pensarmos e aprendermos com as estratégias yanomami de enfrentamento de epidemias (xawara).
Pandemias, profecias e autonomias
Authors: Johnson Felipe Mattos , Faria Lucas Luis
Published: August 2020

Este relato, através da antropologia engajada e psicologia crítica, articula narrativas Guarani e Kaiowá com a pandemia do novo coronavírus, com intuito de evidenciar as ações autônomas da população indígena de contenção do COVID-19 em seus territórios. Por outro lado, os primeiros casos de infecção entre os Guarani e Kaiowá no Mato Grosso do Sul surgem a partir de grandes empresas do agronegócio, justamente o setor responsável por parte considerável da destruição de habitats que criam fricções entre seres humanos e não-humanos, gerando situações proto-pandêmicas. Neste sentido, buscamos demonstrar a permanência da colonialidade através da contradição entre o modo de vida não-indígena e a sensibilidade de mundo dos Guarani e Kaiowá com objetivo de descolonizar os discursos sobre saúde e doença, destacando a agência política dos povos indígenas para enfrentar a pandemia.
"Salve-se quem puder"
Authors: Oliveira Esmael Alves de , Passamani Guilherme Rodrigues , Rosa Marcelo Victor da , Duque Tiago
Published: August 2020

Neste ensaio, voltamos nossa reflexão para os efeitos sociais da covid-19 tomando como foco a realidade vivenciada por estudantes de universidades federais localizadas no Mato Grosso do Sul: a Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS) e a Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados (UFGD). Ao considerarmos que dentre as medidas, inicialmente adotadas, estiveram a escolha pelo trabalho remoto, por meio de estudos dirigidos, com a utilização de tecnologias digitais, há que se ponderar: em que medida tais iniciativas incidem diretamente no acesso e permanência de estudantes socialmente vulneráveis? A partir disso, é possível pensar sobre os limites e contradições das políticas e modelos de intervenção que desconsideram diferenças socialmente existentes e que, quando não democraticamente amadurecidas, tendem a ser tão perigosos quanto a própria pandemia ao se constituírem como mecanismos sutis e perversos de exclusão.
Coronavírus e interdição da mobilidade em tempos de crise
Authors: Jordão Roziane Da Silva , Silva Sidney Antonio da
Published: August 2020

Este trabalho tem como objetivo analisar os impactos da doença Covid 19 sobre os projetos migratórios de haitianos no Brasil, além de dialogar sobre a interdição da mobilidade durante a pandemia provocada pelo coronavírus. A análise está pautada em discussões teóricas da Antropologia e nos estudos contemporâneos sobre a mobilidade haitiana, bem como a partir das recomendações oficiais da Organização Mundial de Saúde. O material etnográfico que utilizamos neste artigo é uma amostra retirada da pesquisa que está em andamento, cujos dados foram levantados em campo pela autora para elaboração da Tese de doutoramento em Antropologia Social. Embora seja muito cedo para apresentar conclusões fechadas sobre a totalidade dos impactos que a pandemia de coronavírus e as atuais recomendações de interdição da mobilidade exerce sobre os projetos migratórios dos haitianos no Brasil, este artigo considera que houve descontinuidades e rupturas significativas nas trajetórias migratórias individuais dos haitianos e que reverberam sobre os projetos coletivos.
Si salimos nos mata el virus, si nos quedamos nos mata el hambre
Authors: Trujillo Patricio
Published: August 2020

El 29 de febrero del 2020 el gobierno del Ecuador anunció el primer caso del denominado coronavirus COVID-19 en una paciente de la ciudad de Guayaquil. Un mes después se informó más de 1859 casos y 57 fallecidos, al 29 de mayo la cifra de contagiados fue de cerca 15 mil y más de 2 mil fallecidos. Entre marzo y abril según datos del Registro Civil existen más de 13 mil muertos inscritos, evidenciando un subregistro que podría colocarla como la ciudad de Latinoamérica con mayor número de contagios y muertos per capita. Ecuador ha retomado políticas de corte neoliberal que han disminuido sistemáticamente la capacidad de respuesta y prioridades del Estado frente a las crisis sanitarias y pandemias, evidenciando como enfermedades relacionadas con la pobreza contagian y matan en su mayoría al más desposeído. Este artículo presenta un relato etnográfico en tiempo de la pandemia, reseña las relaciones entre políticas neoliberales, desigualdad social y enfermedades, narra los espacios por donde no solo un virus es el que mata, sino el estigma y la exclusión social.
A oleada venezuelana
Authors: Vasconcelos Iana Dos Santos , Santos Sandro Martins Almeida
Published: August 2020

O artigo aborda os desafios colocados ao serviço de acolhimento de migrantes venezuelanos/as na cidade de Manaus, capital do Amazonas, no contexto da pandemia de Covid-19. Descrevemos brevemente sobre a presença desses migrantes na cidade, focando em uma ocupação que ganhou corpo no entorno da rodoviária. Trazemos também a resposta governamental, por meio de intervenção militar, que resulta no reordenamento do espaço. O intuito é problematizar os limites da resposta estatal e a acentuação das vulnerabilidades destes migrantes com a chegada do novo coronavírus (SARS-CoV-2), uma vez que o projeto executado não visava o afastamento social nem contemplava as condições de higiene pessoal preconizadas pelas autoridades sanitárias para a prevenção da doença. Os dados apresentados procedem de pesquisa de campo intermitente realizada desde agosto/2017 a maio/2020. Ao final, comentamos resumidamente como as condições de pesquisa, tal qual a vida dos/as interlocutores/as, foram impactadas pelas medidas de prevenção à pandemia.
Feminismo para os 99%: um debate
Authors: Valmórbida Jéssica Omena
Published: August 2020

Comentário a: Feminismo para os 99%: Um manifesto, de Cinzia Arruzza, Tithi Bhattacharya e Nancy Fraser (São Paulo: Boitempo, 2019)
O presente texto resenha o Feminismo para os 99%: um manifesto, mas também coloca algumas questões sobre as saídas que as autoras propõem para articular uma frente de luta contra o capitalismo neoliberal: a reinvenção da greve e construção de alianças que não escamoteiem as diferenças. Contudo, o modo como mobilizam os marcadores sociais para a construção de uma frente ampla, parece estar longe de abarcar a multiplicidade dos sujeitos em luta e acaba por reproduzir as hierarquias epistêmicas do norte e do sul global.
Food processing and cardiometabolic risk factors: a systematic review
Authors: Santos Francine Silva dos , Dias Mariane Da Silva , Mintem Gicele Costa , Oliveira Isabel Oliveira de , Gigante Denise Petrucci
Published: August 2020

OBJECTIVE: To systematically review the evidence for the association between food consumption according to processing and cardiometabolic factors in adults and/or the elderly. METHOD: Two independent evaluators analyzed the electronic databases PubMed, Web of Science and Lilacs until December 2018. We used the following terms: (convenience foods OR food processing OR highly-processed OR industrialized foods OR minimally-processed OR prepared foods OR processed foods OR ultra-processed OR ultraprocessed OR ultra processed OR unprocessed) AND (metabolic syndrome OR hypertension OR blood pressure OR diabetes mellitus OR glucose OR glycaemia OR insulin OR cholesterol OR triglycerides OR blood lipids OR overweight OR obesity) AND (adult OR adults OR adulthood OR aged OR elderly OR old). We assessed methodological and evidence qualities, and also extracted information for the qualitative synthesis from the selected studies. RESULTS: Of the 6,423 studies identified after removing duplicates, eleven met the eligibility criteria. The main food classification we used was Nova. The consumption of ultra-processed foods was positively associated with overweight and obesity, high blood pressure and metabolic syndrome. All articles included met more than 50% of the methodological quality criteria. The quality of evidence was considered moderate for the outcome overweight and obesity and weak for hypertension and metabolic syndrome. CONCLUSIONS: The Nova food classification stands out in the area of nutritional epidemiology when assessing the effects of food processing on health outcomes. Although caution is required in the interpretation, the results indicated that the consumption of ultra-processed foods can have an unfavorable impact in the health of individuals.
Purchases from family agriculture for school feeding in Brazilian capitals
Authors: Dias Patricia Camacho , Barbosa Isis Ribeiro de Oliveira , Barbosa Roseane Moreira Sampaio , Ferreira Daniele Mendonça , Soares Kamilla Carla Bertu , Soares Daniele Da Silva Bastos , Henriques Patrícia , Burlandy Luciene
Published: August 2020

OBJECTIVE: To analyze how the profile of food purchases from family farming under the National School Feeding Program (PNAE) is related to socioeconomic and demographic indicators in Brazilian capitals. METHODS: This cross-sectional and descriptive study was based on secondary data from 2016 and 2017 from the Brazilian government. We used demographic and socioeconomic data, as well as the amount of federal funding; the percentage used purchases of food from family farming and the public call notices. RESULTS: The capitals in the largest quartile of HDI and funding by the federal government used less than 30% of the resource for the purchase of crops from family farming in 2016. All capitals of the Northern region used more than 30%, while the Southern and Southeastern regions did not comply with the legislation. We highlight that most analyzed food items were in natura. CONCLUSIONS: The implementation of this public policy occurs unequally in Brazilian capitals, with greater difficulty in those supposedly with better institutional structure and higher volume of resources destined to the National School Feeding Program. The program, however, maintains its potential for the promotion of adequate and healthy food in schools, due to the quality of food included in public calls.