bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Simulating the Multi-epoch Direct Detection Technique to Isolate the Thermal Emission of the Non-transiting Hot Jupiter HD187123b
Authors: Buzard Cam , Finnerty Luke , Piskorz Danielle , Pelletier Stefan , Benneke Björn , Bender Chad F. , Lockwood Alexandra C. , Wallack Nicole L. , Wilkins Olivia H. , Blake Geoffrey A.
Published: June 2020

We report the 6.5σ detection of water from the hot Jupiter HD187123b with a Keplerian orbital velocity K

p
of 53 ± 13 km s−1. This high-confidence detection is made using a multi-epoch, high-resolution, cross-correlation technique, and corresponds to a planetary mass of

M
J and an orbital inclination of 21° ± 5°. The technique works by treating the planet/star system as a spectroscopic binary and obtaining high signal-to-noise, high-resolution observations at multiple points across the planet’s orbit to constrain the system’s binary dynamical motion. All together, seven epochs of Keck/NIRSPEC L-band observations were obtained, with five before the instrument upgrade and two after. Using high-resolution SCARLET planetary and PHOENIX stellar spectral models, we were able to drastically increase the confidence of the detection by running simulations that could reproduce, and thus remove, the nonrandom structured noise in the final likelihood space well. The ability to predict multi-epoch results will be extremely useful for furthering the technique. Here, we use these simulations to compare three different approaches to combining the cross correlations of high-resolution spectra and find that the Zucker log(L) approach is least affected by unwanted planet/star correlation for our HD187123 data set. Furthermore, we find that the same total signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) spread across an orbit in many, lower S/N epochs rather than fewer, higher S/N epochs could provide a more efficient detection. This work provides a necessary validation of multi-epoch simulations, which can be used to guide future observations and will be key to studying the atmospheres of farther separated, non-transiting exoplanets.
A New Facility for Airborne Solar Astronomy: NASA’s WB-57 at the 2017 Total Solar Eclipse
Authors: Caspi Amir , Seaton Daniel B. , Tsang Constantine C. C. , DeForest Craig E. , Bryans Paul , DeLuca Edward E. , Tomczyk Steven , Burkepile Joan T. , Casey Thomas “Tony” , Collier John , Darrow Donald “DD” , Del Rosso Dominic , Durda Daniel D. , Gallagher Peter T. , Golub Leon , Jacyna Matthew , Johnson David “DJ” , Judge Philip G. , Klemm Cary “Diddle” , Laurent Glenn T. , Lewis Johanna , Mallini Charles J. , Parent Thomas “Duster” , Propp Timothy , Steffl Andrew J. , Warner Jeff , West Matthew J. , Wiseman John , Yates Mallory , Zhukov Andrei N. ,   The NASA WB-57 2017 Eclipse Observing Team
Published: June 2020

NASA’s WB-57 High Altitude Research Program provides a deployable, mobile, and stratospheric platform for scientific research. Airborne platforms are of particular value for making coronal observations during total solar eclipses because of their ability both to follow the Moon’s shadow and to get above most of the atmospheric air mass that can interfere with astronomical observations. We used the 2017 August 21 eclipse as a pathfinding mission for high-altitude airborne solar astronomy, using the existing high-speed visible-light and near/midwave infrared imaging suite mounted in the WB-57 nose cone. In this paper, we describe the aircraft, the instrument, and the 2017 mission; operations and data acquisition; and preliminary analysis of data quality from the existing instrument suite. We describe benefits and technical limitations of this platform for solar and other astronomical observations. We present a preliminary analysis of the visible-light data quality and discuss the limiting factors that must be overcome with future instrumentation. We conclude with a discussion of lessons learned from this pathfinding mission and prospects for future research at upcoming eclipses, as well as an evaluation of the capabilities of the WB-57 platform for future solar astronomy and general astronomical observation.
AGN X-Ray Irradiation of CO Gas in NGC 2110 Revealed by Chandra and ALMA
Authors: Kawamuro Taiki , Izumi Takuma , Onishi Kyoko , Imanishi Masatoshi , Nguyen Dieu D. , Baba Shunsuke
Published: June 2020

We report spatial distributions of the Fe–Kα line at 6.4 keV and the CO(J = 2–1) line at 230.538 GHz in NGC 2110, which are, respectively, revealed by Chandra and Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) at ≈0.″5. A Chandra 6.2–6.5 keV to 3.0–6.0 keV image suggests that the Fe–Kα emission extends preferentially in a northwest to southeast direction out to ≈3″, or ∼500 pc, on each side. Spatially resolved spectral analyses support this by finding significant Fe–Kα emission lines only in the northwest and southeast regions. Moreover, their equivalent widths are found to be ∼1.5 keV, indicative for the fluorescence by nuclear X-ray irradiation as the physical origin. By contrast, CO(J = 2–1) emission is weak therein. For quantitative discussion, we derive ionization parameters by following an X-ray dominated region (XDR) model. We then find them high enough to interpret the weakness as the result of X-ray dissociation of CO and/or H2. Another possibility also remains that CO molecules follow a superthermal distribution, resulting in brighter emission in higher-J lines. Further follow-up observations are encouraged to draw a conclusion on what predominantly changes the interstellar matter properties and whether the X-ray irradiation eventually affects the surrounding star formation as active galactic nucleus (AGN) feedback.
New Type Ia Supernova Yields and the Manganese and Nickel Problems in the Milky Way and Dwarf Spheroidal Galaxies
Authors: Kobayashi Chiaki , Leung Shing-Chi , Nomoto Ken’ichi
Published: June 2020

In our quest to identify the progenitors of Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia), we first update the nucleosynthesis yields for both near-Chandrasekhar- (Ch) and sub-Ch-mass white dwarfs (WDs) for a wide range of metallicities with our 2D hydrodynamical code and the latest nuclear reaction rates. We then include the yields in our galactic chemical evolution code to predict the evolution of elemental abundances in the solar neighborhood and dwarf spheroidal (dSph) galaxies Fornax, Sculptor, Sextans, and Carina. In the observations of the solar neighborhood stars, Mn shows an opposite trend to α elements, showing an increase toward higher metallicities, which is very well reproduced by the deflagration–detonation transition of Ch-mass WDs but never by double detonations of sub-Ch-mass WDs alone. The problem of Ch-mass SNe Ia was the Ni overproduction at high metallicities. However, we found that Ni yields of Ch-mass SNe Ia are much lower with the solar-scaled initial composition than in previous works, which keeps the predicted Ni abundance within the observational scatter. From the evolutionary trends of elemental abundances in the solar neighborhood, we conclude that the contribution of sub-Ch-mass SNe Ia to chemical enrichment is up to 25%. In dSph galaxies, however, larger enrichment from sub-Ch-mass SNe Ia than in the solar neighborhood may be required, which causes a decrease in [(Mg, Cr, Mn, Ni)/Fe] at lower metallicities. The observed high [Mn/Fe] ratios in Sculptor and Carina may also require additional enrichment from pure deflagrations, possibly as SNe Iax. Future observations of dSph stars will provide more stringent constraints on the progenitor systems and explosion mechanism of SNe Ia.
A new species of Argyreia (Convolvulaceae) from Thailand
Authors: Traiperm Paweena , Suddee Somran
Published: June 2020

Argyreia pseudosolanum Traiperm & Suddee, sp. nov. from the NE region of Thailand is described and illustrated. The new species is remarkable in having a very distinctive corolla shape similar to Solanum, and staminal filament bases glabrous or nearly glabrous with a few multicellular, uniseriate hairs at the attachment point on the corolla tube. Detailed descriptions, illustrations, a summary of the ecology and an IUCN conservation status are provided.
Description of the male of the Critically Endangered tarantula Typhochlaena curumim Bertani, 2012 (Araneae, Theraphosidae), with comments on tarantula trade and conservation
Authors: Fukushima Caroline Sayuri , Cardoso Pedro , Bertani Rogério
Published: June 2020

The genus Typhochlaena C.L. Koch, 1850 consists of five small size arboreal tarantula species with remarkable colored abdominal patterns and a very restricted geographic range in Brazil. Here, we describe the male of Typhochlaena curumim Bertani, 2012, which was collected in an area of Brazilian Atlantic Rainforest. The new record extends the northern limit of the geographic range for both the genus and species. As Typhochlaena spp. are now especially popular and requested in the pet market, and because T. curumim is classified as Critically Endangered, we discuss the impacts of the international trade and other challenges on conservation of the genus.
Délocalisations industrielles au XXI e siècle et masculinités entre valorisation de la force physique et sa maîtrise
Authors: Oeser Alexandra
Published: June 2020

L’article s’intéresse à la question du lien entre masculinité et usage de la force physique chez les hommes ouvriers et cadres d’une grande entreprise, en contexte de mutation du capitalisme, marqué par les délocalisations et la montée en puissance du pouvoir actionnarial. Appuyé sur une analyse ethnographique d’une usine du sud de la France, l’article analyse trois épisodes de recours à la force physique pendant une mobilisation contre la fermeture d’une usine, entre des hommes ouvriers appartenant à deux syndicats différents, entre un groupe d’hommes salariés et un cadre de l’usine, et entre un cadre supérieur et un autre cadre expert comptable qui assiste les syndicats. Ces trois épisodes servent à l’analyse de l’usage de la force physique selon l’appartenance de classe des hommes concernés et mènent à une interrogation sur les types de masculinité qui sont mises en scène dans ces situations de conflits entre individus et entre groupes.
Les hommes au travail... domestique en Afrique de l’Ouest
Authors: Moguérou Laure , Vampo Charlotte , Kpadonou Norbert , Adjamagbo Agnès
Published: June 2020

Cet article interroge, dans une perspective croisant données quantitatives et qualitatives, les reconfigurations de la participation des hommes au travail domestique induites par l’implication accrue des femmes sur le marché du travail et dans les dépenses des ménages à Dakar et à Lomé. Ces changements jouent à la marge sur l’implication des hommes et leur participation reste faible, ponctuelle et centrée sur certaines tâches très spécifiques, et plus encore à Dakar qu’à Lomé. À côté d’une masculinité dominante axée sur le modèle idéalisé du male breadwinner, semblent émerger d’autres pratiques, se déroulant dans l’intimité du foyer, et principalement autour de l’éducation des enfants. Mais celles-ci s’inscrivent dans le prolongement du rôle de chef de famille et s’apparentent à des reconfigurations obligées de pratiques masculines privées de leur terrain d’expression et de structuration habituelle (la prise en charge matérielle du groupe familial).
Métiers d’ordre, métiers virils ? Genre et capital culturel en brigade de gendarmerie
Authors: Elguezabal Eleonora
Published: June 2020

L’enquête menée dans des brigades territoriales de gendarmerie interroge l’articulation entre genre et position sociale dans un métier au centre des structures de pouvoir de genre, en tant que métier d’ordre, et de référence pour les attentes de promotion sociale des classes populaires. L’analyse de constructions alternatives du métier par rapport au modèle viril et populaire montre la place décisive des qualifications scolaires. Virilité et capital culturel dessinent deux pôles au sein de l’espace social des gendarmes où se négocient les relations de pouvoir en termes de classe et de genre.
L’apparition de la monnaie frappée : invention ou innovation ? Bilan historiographique et enjeux historiques
Authors: Hochard Pierre-Olivier
Published: June 2020

Résumé : La monnaie frappée n’est finalement qu’un objet monétaire parmi d’autres. Son apparition est-elle donc une invention ou une innovation ? Les spécialistes de la monnaie se sont posés la question des origines (où, quand, comment et pourquoi ?), et de ce que fait la monnaie. Les sciences historiques se sont cependant peu interrogées sur ce qu’ est la monnaie (quoi ?). Questionner la naissance de la monnaie frappée, c’est pourtant se pencher sur ce qu’est le phénomène monétaire, qui ne saurait se réduire ou être réduit à sa seule dimension économique ou anthropologique.
Entre innovation et tradition. Remarques sur le monnayage romain des origines à l’avènement de l’Empire
Authors: Suspène Arnaud
Published: June 2020

Résumé : La monnaie frappée est une innovation tard venue à Rome. Elle subit en outre de profonds et violents changements qui la conduisent, après des débuts discrets, à devenir une des structures majeures de l’Empire. Ces métamorphoses et ces changements d’échelles sont minorés dans les sources, qui insistent au contraire sur la continuité de l’histoire monétaire romaine pour des raisons tenant à la fois aux valeurs de la société romaine elle-même et aux caractéristiques de la monnaie.
Imiter, innover. L’adoption de la monnaie d’or frappée en Gaule celtique, III e siècle avant notre ère
Authors: Nieto-Pelletier Sylvia
Published: June 2020

Résumé : Cet article a pour objectif de repenser l’introduction de la monnaie d’or frappée en Gaule au iii e  siècle avant notre ère et de proposer des pistes de réflexion quant à la fonction des premières émissions gauloises en or, les « imitations du statère aux types de Philippe II de Macédoine », et la question des autorités émettrices. Entre imitation et innovation, il s’agit de replacer l’adoption de la monnaie d’or gauloise dans le contexte des sociétés celtiques des iv e - iii e  siècles avant notre ère et en étroite corrélation avec les émissions gréco-macédoniennes qui leur ont servi de modèles.
Le papier monnaie de petites dénominations émis par les provinces argentines entre 1890 et 2003
Authors: Théret Bruno
Published: June 2020

Résumé : En Argentine, entre 1890 et 2003, un nombre conséquent de Provinces ont émis des monnaies complémentaires à la monnaie fédérale de cours légal sous forme de billets de petites dénominations. L’article décrit ce phénomène largement ignoré. Après avoir analysé les caractéristiques générales de ces monnaies fiscales complémentaires et les raisons du désintérêt des économistes et historiens à leur égard, on en décrit les quatre vagues d’émission. Enfin on présente la diversité des types d’instruments qui ont été expérimentés et les liens qui peuvent exister entre les formes de monnayage choisies et les succès ou échecs des dispositifs.
La ligne à grande vitesse Kunming-Vientiane-Bangkok : des corridors de la Région du Grand Mékong aux Nouvelles routes de la soie
Authors: Taillard Christian
Published: June 2020

En 2010, la Chine a décidé d’ajouter aux corridors routiers des deux premières décennies de la Région du Grand Mékong, la première ligne à grande vitesse Kunming-Vientiane-Bangkok. Levier principal de sa projection vers l’Asie du Sud-Est, elle a dû par trois fois en modifier le financement en fonction de l’évolution politique des partenaires, et des risques de surendettement induits. Ce faisant, elle a démontré une flexibilité inattendue qui lui a permis d’en entreprendre la construction en 2016. Le pragmatisme dont elle a fait preuv à l’échelle de l’Asie du Sud-Est continentale est un acquis utile pour conduire, à l’échelle euro-asiatique, le projet encore plus ambitieux des Nouvelles routes de la soie.
La construction métropolitaine au sud du Viêt-nam
Authors: Tran Khac Minh
Published: June 2020

Depuis les réformes du Đôi Moi (renouveau) de 1986, la région de Hô Chi Minh-Ville est devenue le fer de lance de l’économie vietnamienne. Les rapports de force au sein de cette région, historiquement marquée par l’importance dominante de Hô Chi Minh-Ville, se transforment en profondeur, avec la création de nouveaux corridors urbano-industriels interprovinciaux. Dans quelle mesure ces nouvelles dynamiques spatio-économiques sont-elles révélatrices de la sélectivité territoriale de la métropolisation, ainsi que du caractère fragmentaire de la construction régionale au sud du Viêt-nam ? Cet article éclaire les processus par lesquels les recompositions à l’échelle locale, profondément marquée par des logiques concurrentielles, ont contribué à renforcer les liens entre provinces au sein de cette région urbaine.
Disparition et permanence de l’agriculture urbaine à Antananarivo
Authors: Defrise Laurence , Burnod Perrine , Tonneau Jean Philippe , Andriamanga Valérie
Published: June 2020

Cet article analyse l’emprise spatiale de l’agriculture à Antananarivo. Selon les unités paysagères (unités agri-urbaines), les superficies cultivées disparaissent, se maintiennent ou s’étendent. Dans le centre-ville, les terres cultivées diminuent mais à un rythme plus lent qu’habituellement estimé. Dans les plaines agricoles du front urbain, l’évolution de l’emprise agricole est liée aux infrastructures. Enfin, dans l’aire urbaine moins densément peuplée, le bâti et l’espace cultivé s’étendent aux dépens des pâturages. Le système urbain produit une intensification des pratiques agricoles. La cartographie de l’agriculture urbaine alimente de façon pratique les débats de politique urbaine.
Negociations, concertations et enseignements pour la protection de l’environnement – en souvenir de Laurent Mermet
Authors: de Carlo Laurence
Published: June 2020

Ecrit avant la crise du Covid-19, cet article rend compte de l’originalité de la pensée de Laurent Mermet dans le champ de la négociation et de la concertation en environnement. Disparu le 16 juin 2019, il a développé une approche originale et stimulante de ces négociations et concertations, laquelle fait référence à des concepts issus de la psychanalyse et du management souvent conçus comme inconciliables. De plus, alors que les recherches en négociation et concertation se concentrent sur leur dimension collaborative, il a mis en exergue leur dimension adversative. Laurent fut également critique par rapport aux récentes alarmes environnementales. Son analyse est discutée, sachant que, si elle se révèle intellectuellement stimulante pour beaucoup, elle est aussi susceptible de provoquer de l’anxiété pour certains. Une proposition dans le champ de l’enseignement des enjeux de la protection de la biosphère 1 est ensuite élaborée afin d’éviter une anxiété potentiellement paralysante pour les étudiants. Enfin, l’intérêt des travaux de Laurent Mermet comme source de réflexion et de vigilance pour l’action est souligné.
Repenser les relations internationales grâce aux écrits anciens et récents sur la négociation
Authors: Le Deley Eric
Published: June 2020

Au même titre que les conflits ou la guerre, la négociation est inhérente à l’espèce humaine mais certaines périodes de l’histoire semblent plus propices que d’autres aux échanges et aux tractations. À partir du dix-septième siècle, en Europe, la négociation connait un essor sans précédent, non seulement par le nombre de traités diplomatiques mais également par le nombre d’ouvrages publiés sur le sujet. Cet engouement pour la matière se retrouve également dans la deuxième moitié du vingtième siècle. Cet article propose de repenser les relations internationales et plus spécifiquement les relations européennes grâce à un modèle en quatre phases, qui permet d’expliquer les variations de nombre de publication sur la négociation durant les cinq derniers siècles.
Les freins à la création de valeur ou à l’invention de solutions créatives en négociation : comment les surmonter ?
Authors: Ghazal Michel
Published: June 2020

Qu’il s’agisse de négociations simples ou complexes, l’objectif du négociateur est de se montrer inventif pour trouver des solutions acceptables et applicables, permettant de résoudre le problème auquel il est confronté. Or, à chaque fois que l’aide de l’auteur a été sollicitée pour sortir une négociation bloquée de l’impasse, il a été frappé par le peu d’idées mises sur la table pour en sortir. Au maximum étaient émises une ou deux idées, et qui n’étaient autres que les positions adoptées par les protagonistes en début de conflit. L’article explore les diverses raisons expliquant cette pénurie d’idées dont souffrent en général les négociateurs.
Négocier l’espace aérien. Le militaire comme un négociateur
Authors: Siclet Emmanuel
Published: June 2020

Le militaire, dans l’imaginaire commun, paraît souvent comme un homme rigide, très peu ouvert à la discussion, dur, exécutant les ordres – loin de l’image que l’on peut avoir d’un négociateur qui par essence se doit communiquant, habile en société et flexible.
Pratiques informelles et formelles de négociation dans la conduite du changement organisationnel
Authors: Jutras François
Published: June 2020

Cet article promeut l’idée que l’entreprise agile, concept plébiscité comme une condition de performance globale et durable, doit se fonder sur une approche collective et non uniquement individualisée des arrangements socio-productifs.
La lutte narrative pour la signification et la politisation de « l’Europe » dans les négociations du TTIP : le récit de l’Europe bouclier contre le populisme transnational
Authors: Oleart Alvaro , Bouza García Luis
Published: June 2020

Les études européennes connaissent actuellement un tournant narratif (Biegoń, 2013 ; Bouza Garcia, 2017). Le débat académique commence à tenir compte de l’importance des représentations socioculturelles de l’Union européenne pour comprendre les attitudes des citoyens et de la société civile envers l’UE, et de l’utilisation de stratégies narratives par les acteurs politiques de l’UE. Afin de contribuer à analyser la manière dont l’Europe est racontée dans l’environnement politisé actuel, nous examinons la compétition pour définir « l’Europe » dans le contexte du Partenariat transatlantique de commerce et d’investissement (TTIP en anglais), en analysant les stratégies narratives concurrentes de la Commission européenne et de la coalition Stop TTIP. Nous analyserons les récits proposés dans les documents stratégiques des deux camps, en concevant ces deux récits antinomiques comme une opposition entre « l’Europe bouclier » et le « populisme transnational ». Nous présenterons également des entretiens approfondis avec des représentants des élites politiques bruxelloises afin de faire apparaître l’articulation de ces récits.
The Heroes and Villains of an Alternative Europe – How EU Contestation shapes Narratives of Europe in Germany
Authors: Conrad Maximilian , Hallgrímsdóttir Helga Kristín , Brunet-Jailly Emmanuel
Published: June 2020

Cet article analyse la contribution de la contestation contre l’UE à une narration alternative de l’Europe. Se fondant sur des théories de l’euroscepticisme, l’article soutient que la contestation contre l’UE ne nécessite pas d’être basée sur un rejet fondamental de l’intégration européenne. En effet, elle peut faire une contribution constructive à une vision alternative de l’Europe en accentuant des valeurs comme la solidarité, la démocratie, les droits humains ou la protection de l’environnement. L’analyse empirique soutient cet argument en démontrant comment la contestation de l’UE en Allemagne a évoqué des images de « héros » et de « scélérats » d’une Europe alternative.
Speaking for “the European people”? How the transnational alliance Fortress Europe constructs a populist counter-narrative to European integration
Authors: Volk Sabine
Published: June 2020

Cet article examine un des rares cas de populisme transnational dans le contexte de la (dés)intégration européenne, en se concentrant sur le mouvement d’extrême droite Fortress Europe (« l’Europe forteresse »). En utilisant de nouvelles sources primaires telles que des textes numériques, des images et des vidéos, l’article effectue une analyse critique du discours et des performances de Fortress Europe. L’analyse révèle comment l’alliance construit l’Europe en tant que société en guerre contre « les immigrants » et ses « élites ». Au-delà, l’article considère la construction discursive de l’Europe sous l’angle du populisme transnational, en soulignant les succès et les échecs de l’alliance dans la construction d’un « peuple » transnational. Enfin, il discute de manière critique de la forteresse européenne dans le contexte de la politique européenne dominante.
Narrating into Europe: Female Migrant Writers’ Voice and Representation
Authors: van Amelsvoort Jesse
Published: June 2020

Cet article étudie The Embassy of Cambodia  de Zadie Smith et  L’últim patriarca  de Najat El Hachmi, qui thématisent ce que Stuart Hall appelle “être dans, mais pas de l’Europe”. À travers des protagonistes qui sont toutes les deux des jeunes femmes, ces récits capturent et illustrent les changements en Europe amenés par les migrations et la mondialisation. En tant qu’œuvres littéraires, à travers le récit, ces fictions exemplifient la difficulté qu’ont les femmes migrantes à trouver leur place dans l’Europe contemporaine, et suggèrent que le récit est un moyen de prendre position et de s’engager vis-à-vis des défis majeurs que présente cette Europe. Ce n’est qu’en réécrivant l’histoire que les femmes migrantes peuvent, finalement, l’embrasser.
The social imaginary of precarious Europeans: the cultural representation of European socio-economic precarity in Tascha and Bande de Filles
Authors: van der Waal Margriet
Published: June 2020

Cette contribution s’intéresse à la manière dont deux textes artistiques représentent des Européens en situation de précarité : des sujets sociaux vulnérables (citoyens, habitants de l’Europe/UE) qui peuvent être considérés comme des « perdants » du projet européen. Ces personnes précaires sont rarement - voire pas du tout - représentées en tant que participants aux processus complexes de l’européanisation. Les textes analysés et discutés dans cette contribution sont le roman néerlandais Tascha de Mira Feticu (2015) et le long métrage français, Bande de Filles de Céline Sciamma (2014). Je soutiens qu’une analyse critique de ces récits nous permet d’ouvrir la catégorie des « Européens » et nous pousse à repenser qui est considéré comme « Européen ».
Capacité d’absorption des entreprises de l’open source : du modèle d’affaires à l’intention d’affaires
Authors: Mouakhar Khaireddine , Benkeltoum Nordine
Published: June 2020

La capacité d’absorption est l’habilité à identifier des connaissances externes, les assimiler, les transformer et les exploiter à des fins de création de valeur. La littérature en systèmes d’information a montré son caractère critique pour la création d’avantages concurrentiels. Cette recherche étudie la relation entre durée d’exposition à l’environnement et capacité des entreprises à créer de la valeur sur la base d’informations externes. Elle réinterroge les fondements de la capacité d’absorption en offrant une relecture via le concept de modèle d’affaires. Elle analyse cette capacité auprès d’entreprises évoluant dans un secteur à faible appropriabilité (l’open source). En s’appuyant sur un dispositif méthodologique mixte, elle offre une modélisation de la manière dont les entreprises créent et maintiennent stratégiquement leur capacité d’absorption. La contribution de cet article est double. Il montre d’abord que les entreprises qui prétendent interagir le plus avec leur environnement présentent une faible probabilité d’en exploiter les informations. À l’inverse, les entreprises qui affirment interagir le moins avec leur environnement ont une forte probabilité d’en exploiter les informations. Ensuite, la recherche soutient que la capacité d’exploitation des entreprises s’explique principalement par l’intention qui motive les échanges avec l’environnement.
Adaptive Optics Ophthalmoscopy
Authors: Roorda Austin
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACT

Retinal images in the human eye are normally degraded because we are forced to use the optical system of the human eye- which is fraught with aberrations - as the objective lens. The recent application of adaptive optics technology to measure and compensate for these aberrations has produced retinal images in human eyes with unprecedented resolution. The adaptive optics ophthalmoscope is used to take pictures of photoreceptors and capillaries and to study spectral and angular tuning properties of individual photoreceptors. Application of adaptive optics technology for ophthalmoscopy promises continued progress toward understanding the basic properties of the living human retina and also for clinical applications. [J Refract Surg 2000;16:S602-S607]
Application of micro-PIXE (particle induced X-ray emission) to study buckwheat grain structure and composition
Authors: Pongrac Paula , Kelemen Mitja , Vavpetič Primož , Vogel-Mikuš Katarina , Regvar Marjana , Pelicon Primož
Published: June 2020

Tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum Gaertn.) is a gluten-free pseudo-cereal crop with a grain nutrient profile that makes it an excellent alternative foodstuff. The distribution of calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), phosphorus (P) and sulphur (S) was investigated by micro-PIXE (particle induced X-ray emission) to resolve allocation and concentration of the elements in nine distinct grain tissues. Magnesium, P and S were preferentially allocated to the cotyledons and the embryonic axis (both inner and outer tissues), and Ca was predominant in the pericarp where two Ca-rich layers were observed. Allocation of P and S to aleurone suggests that this layer of cells, although not as prominent as in cereal grain, is rich in phytate and proteins. Quantitative information on spatial distribution of mineral elements in the edible grain may be useful in the technological processing of the grain and particularly in reducing the amount of mineral-element loss during milling.
Mis-infodemic: The Achilles’ heel in combating the COVID-19 pandemic in an Indian perspective
Authors: Sahoo Soumya Swaroop , Sahu Dinesh Prasad , Kankaria Ankita
Published: June 2020

In this ongoing SARS-CoV2 Corona virus pandemic, we are witnessing an uninhibited spread of mis-information on various social media platforms. This spread of mis-information or “mis-infodemic” is playing a negative role in our fight against the virus with far reaching consequences. International organizations like the WHO and other governmental organizations have geared up to the occasion to limit the spread of these and bring clarity in this context. In this time of crisis, risk communication is vital in the communication between organizations/government and the people. But apart from the organizations, the onus is on the people and media to realise the importance and verify the authenticity of information being circulated. It is imperative that information, being a double edged sword, is handled with caution and effective communication strategies are devised for the dissemination of accurate and scientific health related information. Social media can be used in a constructive way in mitigating the effects of this pandemic for the betterment of the society.
Case-Based Analogical Reasoning: A Pedagogical Tool for Promotion of Clinical Reasoning
Authors: Speicher Timothy E. , Bell Alexandra , Kehrhahn Marijke , Casa Douglas J.
Published: June 2020

Context: One of the most common instructional methods utilized to promote learning transfer in health profession education is examination of a single patient case. However, in non-healthcare settings this practice has shown to be less effective in promoting learning than the examination of multiple cases with cueing.

Objective(s): The primary objective of this article is to provide athletic training educators a rationale for implementing a multiple case-based analogical reasoning technique to improve students' learning transfer.

Background: Case-based analogical reasoning is a pedagogical technique that improves problem solving by helping learners identify a common structural principle shared among multiple cases. Identification and transfer of the shared principle facilitates solving novel problems or patient cases. When cueing is coupled with the process, transfer of the structural principle to the problem is enhanced.

Description: This article discusses cognitive learning theory and provides empirical evidence to support the use of case-based analogical reasoning to improve athletic training students' clinical reasoning. It also provides the educator practical tips for implementing the technique in classroom and clinical settings.

Clinical Advantage(s): Improving the transfer of structural principles may improve solving novel problems in the clinical environment, which should also improve the quality of patient care.

Conclusions: Clinical reasoning and learning transfer may be improved among health professional students during a case-based analogical reasoning process when cued to look for the shared structural principle among cases. Students who engage in multiple-case examination with cueing may be more apt to recall their learning and use it when faced with novel cases in the clinical environment.
Reflections on Athletic Training Education Reform
Authors: Weidner Thomas G.
Published: June 2020

Editor's Note: This manuscript is from the Distinguished Educator Keynote presentation given at the 2005 Professional Educators' Conference.
Kolb's Experiential Learning Theory in Athletic Training Education: A Literature Review
Authors: Schellhase Kristen C.
Published: June 2020

Objective: Kolb's Experiential Learning Theory offers insight into the development of learning styles, classification of learning styles, and how students learn through experience. Discussion is presented on the value of Kolb's Experiential Learning Theory for Athletic Training Education.

Data Sources: This article reviews research related to experiential learning theory and learning styles in athletic training education and other allied health professions. Studies reviewed include published articles and dissertations involving experiential learning, learning styles, and clinical educator behaviors.

Data Synthesis: Learning styles research related to athletic training is inconclusive due to the differences in vocabulary and measuring instruments used by researchers.

Conclusions/Recommendations: This review illustrates the need to conduct more research on learning styles and how experiential learning theory might be used to facilitate education in athletic training education programs.
Athletic Training Instructors: A Needs Assessment of Teaching Methodology Knowledge and Self-Perceived Competence
Authors: Craig Debbie I.
Published: June 2020

Objective: The objectives were to assess teaching backgrounds, self-perceived teaching methodology knowledge, and self-perceived competence of Athletic Training Education Program (ATEP) instructors to determine if there was a need for more instruction in teaching methodology (TM).

Design & Setting: This was a quantitative design utilizing a discrepancy needs assessment model. A web-based survey was used to gather data. This was a total population study with no sampling.

Subjects: The population studied was Certified Athletic Trainers (ATCs) in the United States who had obtained a master's degree and were working in a college/university setting. The instrument further defined the study population to those who were currently teaching (study conducted in Fall 2002) in approved or accredited ATEPs (N=149).

Measurements: The items measured were each participant's educational and instructional background, their knowledge of 20 TM components, their self-perceived competence on those same 20 TM components, and their likelihood of pursuing future TM instruction.

Results: Participants with lower gap scores generally had less previous instruction in TM, lower knowledge scores, and were less likely to pursue future instruction in TM. Neither amount of previous instruction in TM nor how long the participants had been teaching significantly influenced self-perceived competence scores. Taking an undergraduate TM course and the use of structured mentoring significantly predicted self-perceived competence scores.

Conclusions: This study illustrates the need for more TM instruction to be included in the preparation of ATCs with master's degrees who have or will have teaching responsibilities associated with their jobs. It would be prudent for athletic training graduate degree programs to include TM instruction in their curriculums and/or fieldwork. There is also support for the pursuit of a M.Ed. degree for students who wish to teach in the future.
A Conceptual Framework for Clinical Education in Athletic Training
Authors: Radtke Sarah
Published: June 2020

Objective: To develop a model for clinical education in athletic training education based on integration of various allied health professional clinical education models.

Background: Clinical education is a critical component of allied health education programs. It allows for the transfer of knowledge and skills from classroom to practical application. Clinical education needs to be structured. In addition the Clinical Instructor (CI) also needs to facilitate athletic training students' development into effective, evidence-based practitioners.

Description: A brief discussion on the need for transfer of knowledge in athletic training education is discussed. A review of the various clinical education models from allied health professional education is presented. Finally, a model for athletic training clinical education is presented with implications for practice.

Clinical Advantages: As athletic training education continues to develop, a need to formalize clinical education and develop a clinical education model for athletic training is warranted. Focusing on the structure and function of clinical education will continue to move athletic training education forward and will align athletic training education with other allied health professional education programs.
Descriptive Qualities Of Athletic Training Education Program Directors
Authors: Leone James E. , Judd Michael R. , Colandreo Robert M.
Published: June 2020

Context: Limited literature explores professional preparation of program directors (PD) to lead an athletic training education program (ATEP).

Objective: To explore challenges, effectiveness, leadership, and PD role selection.

Design: Descriptive and qualitative exploratory email survey.

Setting: Educational.

Participants: Emails were sent to 345 PDs from a Commission on Accreditation of Athletic Training Education (CAATE) listing.

Main Outcome Measure(s): Measures of central tendency were used to observe years of experience, role selection (applied versus appointed), education level, and gender. Program Director effectiveness, leadership, and challenges were grouped according to common themes.

Results: Most PDs (82.5%; n = 99) reported having one to ten years of experience. Mean years of experience was 7.46 (±6.36) years. A majority, 61.7% (n = 74), reported having applied for their position. Educationally, 54.2% (n = 65) held doctoral degrees compared to 45.8% (n = 55) whose highest degree was a masters degree. Six themes emerged for PD effectiveness and challenges. Lastly, seven themes regarding leadership were described.

Conclusions: Program Directors should approach their role with savvy, caring, and humanistic attitudes, developed by professional preparation. Firm in their convictions and vision, PDs also are viewed as empathetic advocates for students. Program Directors play a critical role in the advocacy of the profession within institutions of higher education through professional preparation of students. Several themes pertaining to professional preparation of PDs may positively impact the profession. Future PD's should seek educational programs that prepare them for these challenges of the position, such as professional preparation in education and higher administration or curriculum and instruction.
Self Reported Perceptions of Physical Demands on Athletic Training Students
Authors: Kawaguchi Jeffrey K. , Babcock Garth , Little Andrew
Published: June 2020

Context: According to the Commission on Accreditation of Athletic Training Education (CAATE) Standards for the Accreditation of Entry-Level Athletic Training Education Programs, athletic training students (ATSs) must complete clinical experiences that provide opportunities to integrate cognitive function, psychomotor skills, and affective competence as a part of their coursework. 1 These experiences expose students to the physical demands of the profession, and it is these activities that differentiate the demands of athletic training from other academic majors.

Objectives: To assess the self-reported perceptions of ATSs regarding the physical demands of their chosen major and their participation in sport and non-sport leisure activities.

Design: Descriptive research design.

Setting: Nine undergraduate Athletic Training Education Programs within the National Athletic Trainers' Association (NATA) District 10.

Subjects: 112 undergraduate athletic training students enrolled in Commission on Accreditation of Allied Health Education Programs (CAAHEP) accredited programs during the 2005–2006 academic year.

Main outcome measures: Respondents completed a modified form of the Baecke Questionnaire of Habitual Physical Activity2 which subjectively measured the student's reported 1) school related activity; 2) participation in sport activity and 3) participation in non-sport leisure activity.

Results: The index for “school related activity” indicated that athletic training students perceived their chosen major as physically demanding. However, the indices for participation in sport and non-sport leisure activity were relatively low.

Conclusions: In spite of the physical requirements of the athletic training curriculum, athletic training student's relatively low rate of participation in sport and non-sport leisure time activity may have future health implications.
Column: AT Education Listserv Highlights
Authors: Fuller Donald
Published: June 2020

The following is a brief review of selected topics discussed on the Athletic Training Education listserv. It is not necessary to be a member of this listserv to access the archived messages and discussions. To view, go to http://health.groups.yahoo.com/group/athletic_training_education. To post messages, you must join the listserv.
Hyposkillia – Deficiency of Clinical Skills
Authors: Fred Herbert L.
Published: June 2020

*Editor's Note: This article is being reprinted with permission from Dr. Fred and the Texas Heart Institute Journal.
Column: AT Education Think Tank Highlights
Authors: Fuller Donald
Published: June 2020

The following is a brief review of selected topics discussed on the NATA Think Tank Educator Forum. Only NATA members can access the archived messages and discussions. To view this forum, go to http://forum.nata.org/thinktanks (login required).
Promoting Coherence in Athletic Training Education Programs
Authors: Dodge Thomas M. , Walker Stacy E. , Laursen R. Mark
Published: June 2020

Objective: To present athletic training educators with guidelines for developing coherent athletic training education programs.

Background: Coherent athletic training education programs are marked by a clear relationship between program goals and learning activities. These learning activities follow a logical progression that facilitates knowledge and skill development and enhances professional preparation. Coherent programs also work to socialize athletic training students in purposeful and positive ways. We have identified fourteen indicators of coherence in teacher education programs that are applicable to athletic training education. Both teacher certification and athletic training programs are similar in that they serve as professional preparation for their respective fields and have practical application (i.e., clinical education or student teaching practicum) components.

Description: Coherence begins with a clearly defined mission statement. The academic faculty and clinical staff/instructors strive to achieve the mission and goals of the athletic training education program. Next, the coursework must follow a logical progression to allow students to make connections between subject matter. Clinical learning experiences should compliment academic learning experiences. In addition, clinical education experiences should follow students' skill levels and needs. Finally, the students themselves are encouraged to interact with their fellow students and form learning communities.

Clinical Advantages: Coherent education programs have the most potential to produce athletic trainers who are competent and well socialized into professional practice. We believe graduates of such programs are properly prepared to be certified athletic trainers.
Sampling Methods and the Accredited Population in Athletic Training Education Research
Authors: Carr W. David , Volberding Jennifer
Published: June 2020

Context: We describe methods of sampling the widely-studied, yet poorly defined, population of accredited athletic training education programs (ATEPs).

Objective: There are two purposes to this study; first to describe the incidence and types of sampling methods used in athletic training education research, and second to clearly define the accredited ATEP population.

Design and Setting: Literature review and web-based information search

Participants: Accredited programs as of January 2008

Measurements: We conducted a literature review with the following limits: (1) articles with keyword “accreditation,” (2) articles utilizing accredited ATEP population, (3) articles published in the Journal of Athletic Training and the Athletic Training Education Journal, and (4) articles published since 2000. We categorized articles based on their sampling method(s). We conducted a web-based search of all accredited programs as of January 2008 and collected demographic data including: state/private affiliation, university enrollment, cost of attendance, National Athletic Trainers' Association district, and athletic affiliation.

Results: Our literature search identified 37 articles. Twenty-seven (73%) articles did not clearly state their sampling methods. Twenty-two (59%) of the articles used some sort of random sampling method. The remaining 15 articles (41%) used some sort of nonrandom sampling method. As of January 2008 there were 360 accredited programs.

Conclusions: The following generalizations can be made: (1) The majority of articles used a random sampling method. (2) The vast majority of programs were undergraduate. (3) A majority of programs are affiliated with state institutions.