bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Clinical Comparison of Retinopathy-Positive and Retinopathy-Negative Cerebral Malaria
Authors: Villaverde Chandler , Namazzi Ruth , Shabani Estela , Opoka Robert O. , John Chandy C.
Published: January 2017

Cerebral malaria (CM) is a severe and often lethal complication of falciparum malaria. A classic malaria retinopathy is seen in some (retinopathy-positive [RP]) children but not others (retinopathy-negative [RN]), and is associated with increased parasite sequestration. It is unclear whether RN CM is a severe nonmalarial illness with incidental parasitemia or a less severe form of the same malarial illness as RP CM. Understanding the clinical differences between RP and RN CM may help shed light on the pathophysiology of malarial retinopathy. We compared clinical history, physical examination, laboratory findings, and outcomes of RP (N = 167) and RN (N = 87) children admitted to Mulago Hospital, Kampala, Uganda. Compared with RN children, RP children presented with a longer history of illness, as well as physical examination and laboratory findings indicative of more severe disease and organ damage. The hospital course of RP children was complicated by longer coma duration and a greater transfusion burden than RN children. Mortality did not differ significantly between RP and RN children (14.4% versus 8.0%, P = 0.14). Further, severity of retinal hemorrhage correlated with the majority of variables that differed between RP and RN children. The data suggest that RP and RN CM may reflect the spectrum of illness in CM, and that RN CM could be an earlier, less severe form of disease.
Why an Upright Son Does Not Disclose His Father Stealing a Sheep: A Neglected Aspect of the Confucian Conception of Filial Piety
Authors: HUANG Yong
Published: January 2017

In the Analects, Confucius recommends to not disclose one’s father stealing a sheep, claiming that zhi 直lies within it. This passage has become the focus of a heated and prolonged debate among Chinese scholars in the last decade. A proper understanding of zhi, which is central to understanding this whole passage, is to straighten the crooked, or uprighten the non-upright. So what Confucius means is that the upright son ought to make his non-upright father upright; the best way to do so is to remonstrate his father against his wrongdoing, and the best environment for the successful remonstration can be provided by non-disclosure of his father’s wrongdoing.
Skilful Practice in the Zhuangzi: Putting the Narratives in Context
Authors: VÁVRA Dušan
Published: January 2017

The Zhuangzi, like many other early Chinese texts, is a composite work consisting of relatively short textual units. Despite its composite nature, the Zhuangzi is often approached as a philosophical work, which (at least in part or parts) can be viewed as philosophically coherent. As a result, the Zhuangzi as a whole (or several wholes) is usually taken (at least implicitly) as the context in which all the textual units are read and understood.In contrast, this paper explores alternative ways to establish context for individual textual units in the Zhuangzi. The famous short narratives about skilful practice (often introducing the idea of perfect craftsmanship) are taken as an example, and the possible contexts are examined along two lines of inquiry: 1) the narratives are read within their immediate context of the textual unit; 2) the vocabulary used in the narratives is checked against other textual units in the Zhuangzi where the vocabulary appears. The paper argues that diverse contexts can be established for seemingly similar narratives. The narratives about skilful practice are viewed as a literary device that can be used in various contexts for various purposes. The paper thus demonstrates that the received Zhuangzi can be read as a process of putting shared narratives and terms in contexts and using them for different ends. The paper concludes by suggesting that the proposed reading highlights and retains meanings that are necessarily obscured by any reading that establishes the whole Zhuangzi as the primary context.
Visual and Haptic Perception Training to Improve Handwriting Skills in Children With Dysgraphia
Authors: Chang Shao-Hsia , Yu Nan-Ying
Published: January 2017

We investigated a visual–perceptual and haptic–perceptual training program to enhance motor skills and Chinese handwriting performance among children with handwriting difficulties. The participants were 28 first- and second-grade children with handwriting difficulties. They were matched according to age and then randomly assigned into a control group or an experimental group. Participants in the experimental group received 12 sessions of a training program, whereas those in the control group received conventional handwriting training. The Test of Visual Perceptual Skills—Third Edition (TVPS–3), Tactual Performance Test (TPT), and Battery of Chinese Basic Literacy (BCBL) were all administered before and after 6 wk of intervention. Repeated-measures analysis of variance revealed that the experimental group showed significant improvement on the TVPS–3 but not on the TPT. Along with the improved visual–perceptual skills, the experimental group showed a significant difference in far-point copy speed and handwriting accuracy, as reflected in the BCBL.
Halogen chemistry reduces tropospheric O3 radiative forcing
Authors: Sherwen Tomás , Evans Mat J. , Carpenter Lucy J. , Schmidt Johan A. , Mickley Loretta J.
Published: January 2017

Abstract. Tropospheric ozone (O3) is a global warming gas, but the lack of a firm observational record since the preindustrial period means that estimates of its radiative forcing (RFTO3) rely on model calculations. Recent observational evidence shows that halogens are pervasive in the troposphere and need to be represented in chemistry-transport models for an accurate simulation of present-day O3. Using the GEOS-Chem model we show that tropospheric halogen chemistry is likely more active in the present day than in the preindustrial. This is due to increased oceanic iodine emissions driven by increased surface O3, higher anthropogenic emissions of bromo-carbons, and an increased flux of bromine from the stratosphere. We calculate preindustrial to present-day increases in the tropospheric O3 burden of 113 Tg without halogens but only 90 Tg with, leading to a reduction in RFTO3 from 0.43 to 0.35 Wm−2. We attribute  ∼ 50 % of this reduction to increased bromine flux from the stratosphere,  ∼ 35 % to the ocean–atmosphere iodine feedback, and  ∼ 15 % to increased tropospheric sources of anthropogenic halogens. This reduction of tropospheric O3 radiative forcing due to halogens (0.087 Wm−2) is greater than that from the radiative forcing of stratospheric O3 (∼ 0.05 Wm−2). Estimates of RFTO3 that fail to consider halogen chemistry are likely overestimates (∼ 25 %).
Uptake of nitric acid, ammonia, and organics in orographic clouds: mass spectrometric analyses of droplet residual and interstitial aerosol particles
Authors: Schneider Johannes , Mertes Stephan , van Pinxteren Dominik , Herrmann Hartmut , Borrmann Stephan
Published: January 2017

Abstract. Concurrent in situ analyses of interstitial aerosol and cloud droplet residues have been conducted at the Schmücke mountain site during the Hill Cap Cloud Thuringia campaign in central Germany in September and October 2010. Cloud droplets were sampled from warm clouds (temperatures between −3 and +16 °C) by a counterflow virtual impactor and the submicron-sized residues were analyzed by a compact time-of-flight aerosol mass spectrometer (C-ToF-AMS), while the interstitial aerosol composition was measured by an high-resolution time-of-flight aerosol mass spectrometer (HR-ToF-AMS). During cloud-free periods, the submicron out-of-cloud aerosol was analyzed using both instruments, allowing for intercomparison between the two instruments. Further instrumentation included black carbon measurements and optical particle counters for the aerosol particles as well as optical sizing instrumentation for the cloud droplets. The results show that, under cloud conditions, on average 85 % of the submicron aerosol mass partitioned into the cloud liquid phase. Scavenging efficiencies of nitrate, ammonium, sulfate, and organics ranged between 60 and 100 %, with nitrate having, in general, the highest values. For black carbon, the scavenging efficiency was markedly lower (about 24 %). The nitrate and ammonium mass fractions were found to be markedly enhanced in cloud residues, indicating uptake of gaseous nitric acid and ammonia into the aqueous phase. This effect was found to be temperature dependent: at lower temperatures, the nitrate and ammonium mass fractions in the residues were higher. Also, the oxidation state of the organic matter in cloud residues was found to be temperature dependent: the O : C ratio was lower at higher temperatures. A possible explanation for this observation is a more effective uptake and/or higher concentrations of low-oxidized water-soluble volatile organic compounds, possibly of biogenic origin, at higher temperatures. Organic nitrates were observed in cloud residuals as well as in the out-of-cloud aerosol, but no indication of a preferred partitioning of organic nitrates into the aqueous phase or into the gas phase was detected. Assuming the uptake of nitric acid and ammonia in cloud droplets will be reversible, it will lead to a redistribution of nitrate and ammonium among the aerosol particles, leading to more uniform, internally mixed particles after several cloud passages.
Soil nitrogen transformation responses to seasonal precipitation changes are regulated by changes in functional microbial abundance in a subtropical forest
Authors: Chen Jie , Xiao Guoliang , Kuzyakov Yakov , Jenerette Darrel , Ma Ying , Liu Wei , Wang Zhengfeng , Shen Weijun
Published: January 2017

Abstract. More dry-season droughts and wet-season storms have been predicted in subtropical areas. Since subtropical forest soils are significant sources of N2O and NO3−, it is important to understand the features and determinants of N transformation responses to the predicted precipitation changes. A precipitation manipulation field experiment was conducted to reduce dry-season precipitation and increase wet-season precipitation, while keeping the annual precipitation unchanged in a subtropical forest. Net N mineralization, net nitrification, N2O emission, nitrifying (bacterial and archaeal amoA) and denitrifying (nirK, nirS and nosZ) genes abundance, microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and soil physicochemical properties were monitored to characterize and explain soil N transformation responses. Dry-season precipitation reduction decreased net nitrification and N mineralization rates by 13–20 %, while wet-season precipitation addition increased both rates by 50 %. More than 20 % of the total variation of net nitrification and N mineralization could be explained by microbial abundance and soil water content (SWC), but archaeal amoA abundance was the main factor. Increased net nitrification in wet season together with large precipitation events caused substantial NO3− losses via leaching. However, N2O emission decreased moderately either in dry or wet seasons due to changes in nosZ gene abundance, MBC, net nitrification and SWC (decreased by 10–21 %). We conclude that reducing dry-season precipitation and increasing wet-season precipitation affect N transformation mainly through altering functional microbial abundance and MBC, which are further determined by changes in DOC and NH4+ availabilities. Such contrasting precipitation pattern will increase droughts and NO3− leaching in subtropical forests.
Inverse Gaussian distribution of wave set-up heights along a shoreline with complicated geometry
Authors: Soomere Tarmo , Pindsoo Katri
Published: January 2017

Abstract. The phenomenon of wave set-up may substantially contribute to the formation of devastating coastal flooding in certain coastal sections. We study empirical probability distribution of the occurrence of different set-up heights in section of coastline near Tallinn in the Gulf of Finland, the eastern Baltic Sea. The shoreline in the study area is often attacked by high waves from various directions and also has a complex geometry. Shown is that this distribution substantially deviates from the Rayleigh or the Weibull distribution that usually reflect the distribution of different wave heights. The distribution of wave set-up heights matches a Wald (inverse Gaussian) distribution along the entire study area. Even though different sections of the study area are open to different directions and host substantially different wave regimes, the leading term of the exponent in the associated inverse Gaussian distribution varies insignificantly along the study area and generally is close to −1. This appearance signals that extreme set-up events are substantially more probable that it could be expected from the probability of occurrence of severe seas. This feature is invariant with respect to the orientation of the coastline and with respect to the properties of local wave climate.
Evaluation of snow data assimilation using the ensemble Kalman filter for seasonal streamflow prediction in the western United States
Authors: Huang Chengcheng , Newman Andrew J. , Clark Martyn P. , Wood Andrew W. , Zheng Xiaogu
Published: January 2017

Abstract. In this study, we examine the potential of snow water equivalent data assimilation (DA) using the ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) to improve seasonal streamflow predictions. There are several goals of this study. First, we aim to examine some empirical aspects of the EnKF, namely the observational uncertainty estimates and the observation transformation operator. Second, we use a newly created ensemble forcing dataset to develop ensemble model states that provide an estimate of model state uncertainty. Third, we examine the impact of varying the observation and model state uncertainty on forecast skill. We use basins from the Pacific Northwest, Rocky Mountains, and California in the western United States with the coupled Snow-17 and Sacramento Soil Moisture Accounting (SAC-SMA) models. We find that most EnKF implementation variations result in improved streamflow prediction, but the methodological choices in the examined components impact predictive performance in a non-uniform way across the basins. Finally, basins with relatively higher calibrated model performance (> 0.80 NSE) without DA generally have lesser improvement with DA, while basins with poorer historical model performance show greater improvements.
Measuring the health literacy of the Upper Midwest
Authors: Bakker Caitlin J. , Koffel Jonathan B. , Theis-Mahon Nicole R.
Published: January 2017

Objectives: Health literacy—the ability to obtain, process, and understand basic health information—is a major determinant of an individual’s overall health and health care utilization. In this project, the authors examined predictors of health literacy levels, including numeracy and graphic literacy, among an adult population in the Upper Midwest.Methods: The research was conducted at the Minnesota State Fair. Three previously validated scales were used to assess health literacy: Newest Vital Sign, the General Health Numeracy Test, and questions from Galesic and Garcia-Retamero’s Graph Literacy Scale. Demographic information—such as age, educational attainment, zip code, and other potential predictors and modifiers—was collected. Multivariate linear regression was conducted to examine the independent effects of educational attainment, race, ethnicity, gender, and rural or urban location on overall health literacy and scores on each of the individual instruments.Results: A total of 353 Upper Midwest residents completed the survey, with the majority being white, college-educated, and from an urban area. Having a graduate or professional degree or being under the age of 21 were associated with increased health literacy scores, while having a high school diploma or some high school education, being Asian American, or being American Indian/Alaska Native were associated with lower health literacy scores.Conclusion: Advanced health literacy skills, including the ability to calculate and compare information, were problematic even in well-educated populations. Understanding numerical and graphical information was found to be particularly difficult, and more research is needed to understand these deficits and how best to address them.
Questioning reliability assessments of health information on social media
Authors: Dalmer Nicole K.
Published: January 2017

This narrative review examines assessments of the reliability of online health information retrieved through social media to ascertain whether health information accessed or disseminated through social media should be evaluated differently than other online health information. Several medical, library and information science, and interdisciplinary databases were searched using terms relating to social media, reliability, and health information. While social media’s increasing role in health information consumption is recognized, studies are dominated by investigations of traditional (i.e., non-social media) sites. To more richly assess constructions of reliability when using social media for health information, future research must focus on health consumers’ unique contexts, virtual relationships, and degrees of trust within their social networks. This article has been approved for the Medical Library Association’s Independent Reading Program.
Evidence-based information needs of public health workers: a systematized review
Authors: Barr-Walker Jill
Published: January 2017

Objective: This study assessed public health workers’ evidence-based information needs, based on a review of the literature using a systematic search strategy. This study is based on a thesis project conducted as part of the author’s master’s in public health coursework and is considered a systematized review.Methods: Four databases were searched for English-language articles published between 2005 and 2015: PubMed, Web of Science, Library Literature & Information Science Index, and Library, Information Science & Technology Abstracts (LISTA). Studies were excluded if there was no primary data collection, the population in the study was not identified as public health workers, “information” was not defined according to specific criteria, or evidence-based information and public health workers were not the major focus. Studies included in the final analysis underwent data extraction, critical appraisal using CASP and STROBE checklists, and thematic analysis.Results: Thirty-three research studies were identified in the search, including twenty-one using quantitative methods and twelve using qualitative methods. Critical appraisal revealed many potential biases, particularly in the validity of research. Thematic analysis revealed five common themes: (1) definition of information needs, (2) current information-seeking behavior and use, (3) definition of evidence-based information, (4) barriers to information needs, and (5) public health–specific issues.Conclusions: Recommendations are given for how librarians can increase the use of evidence-based information in public health research, practice, and policy making. Further research using rigorous methodologies and transparent reporting practices in a wider variety of settings is needed to further evaluate public health workers’ information needs.
Dynamic Research Support for Academic Libraries
Authors: Earl Martha F.
Published: January 2017

Not applicable
A day in the life of third-year medical students: using an ethnographic method to understand information seeking and use
Authors: Twiss-Brooks Andrea B. , Andrade Jr. Ricardo , Bass Michelle B. , Kern Barbara , Peterson Jonna , Werner Debra A.
Published: January 2017

Objective: The authors undertook this project to learn how third-year medical students seek and use information in the course of daily activities, especially activities conducted in clinical settings in a variety of institutions.Methods: We recruited sixty-eight third-year undergraduate medical school students to create a mapping diary of a day that included clinical activities. We conducted semi-structured interviews based on the mapping diaries. Using content and thematic analyses of the resulting interview transcripts, we developed an ethnographic case study for each participant.Results: In the studied sample, we identified a broad range of information resources used for personal, clinical, and educational use. Participants relied heavily on technology throughout their day, including desktop computers, smart phones, handheld tablets, and laptops. Time management was a pervasive theme in the interviews, with participants squeezing in time to study for exams wherever and whenever they could. Selection of a particular information resource or technology to use was governed largely by the convenience of using that resource or technology. When obstacles were encountered, workarounds might be sought, but in many cases, the resource or technology would be abandoned in favor of a more convenient solution. Convenience was also a consideration in choosing spaces to use for clinical duties or for study, with specific considerations of available technology, proximity to clinical areas, and security for belongings contributing to choices made.Conclusions: Some of our results align with those of other recent studies of information use among medical students, residents, and practicing physicians. In particular, the fast-paced clinical setting favors use of information resources that are fast and easy to use. We demonstrated that the methods used are suitable to better understand clinicians’ discovery and use of information.
PRESENÇA DO ACOMPANHANTE DE LIVRE ESCOLHA NO PROCESSO PARTURITIVO: REPERCUSSÕES NA ASSISTÊNCIA OBSTÉTRICA
Authors: Dulfe Paolla Amorim Malheiros , De Lima Dalmo Valério Machado , Alves Valdecyr Herdy , Rodrigues Diego Pereira , Barcellos Joyce Gonçalves , Cherem Estefânia De Oliveira
Published: January 2017

Objetivou-se identificar a prevalência da presença do acompanhante escolhido pela mulher nas fases do processo parturitivo e analisar as associações da presença do acompanhante na assistência obstétrica. Pesquisa quantitativa, retrospectiva de análise documental do banco de dados de um estudo primário, em três maternidades públicas do município de Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, executado em 2014. O Teste de Associação de Qui- quadrado (α = 0,05) foi utilizado tendo o Statistical Package for Social Science for Windows como ferramenta. As variáveis manobra de Kristeller, infusão de ocitocina, realização de massagens, técnicas de respiração, oferta de banhos, restrição de movimentação, orientação aos procedimentos realizados, sensação de abandono, isolamento e desrespeito, apresentaram associação significativa com a presença do acompanhante durante esse processo, mostrando- se como fator que influencia no empoderamento feminino, proporciona maior segurança e conforto, reduzindo o abandono e o isolamento. Diante dos seus inúmeros benefícios, a iniciativa deve ser amplamente divulgada e incentivada.
EDUCAÇÃO EM SAÚDE COM PESSOAS USUÁRIAS DE ÁLCOOL E OUTRAS DROGAS
Authors: Lucchese Roselma , Nascimento Fernanda Karla , Vera Ivânia , De Felipe Rodrigo Lopes , Fernandes Inaína Lara , Bueno Alexandre De Assis
Published: January 2017

O objetivo foi analisar a constituição de conhecimento entre pessoas em reabilitação do uso e abuso de drogas a partir de grupos de educação em saúde. Pesquisa convergente assistencial com indivíduos internados em comunidade terapêutica. Utilizou-se um questionário semiestruturado e autoaplicável para analisar o nível de conhecimento pré e pós-intervenção. A coleta ocorreu entre agosto de 2013 e fevereiro de 2014. Participaram do estudo 28 homens usuários de múltiplas substâncias psicoativas. Houve aumento nas definições de efeitos, reconhecimento de estratégias de reabilitação, classificação e ação de substâncias pelos participantes. A análise qualitativa revelou diferença na qualidade e na profundidade das respostas pré e pós-intervenção. A educação em saúde edificou o conhecimento dos saberes primários quanto ao uso abusivo de álcool e outras drogas, e sua correlação com o próprio comportamento, além de sua contextualização e reflexão acerca da reabilitação.
CULTURA DE SEGURANÇA DO PACIENTE EM ORGANIZAÇÃO HOSPITALAR
Authors: De Azevêdo Bião e Silva Ana Cláudia , De Oliveira Santa Rosa Darci
Published: January 2017

Estudo do tipo survey realizado em maio de 2015 que descreveu a cultura de segurança do paciente em organização hospitalar. Do total de 511 profissionais de enfermagem, 267 pessoas compuseram a amostra aleatória, 128 atenderam aos critérios de inclusão e responderam ao Questionário “Pesquisa sobre Segurança do Paciente em Hospitais”, perfazendo taxa de resposta de 47,94%. Das dimensões da cultura de segurança, destacaram-se com respostas negativas, “Trabalho em equipe na unidade” com 67% (338), “Expectativas sobre o seu supervisor/chefe e ações promotoras da segurança do paciente” com 66,3% (330), “Aprendizado organizacional – melhoria contínua”, 53,8% (198) e “Transferências internas e passagens de plantão” com 50,9% (255), representando as principais áreas com potencial de melhoria. Não houve dimensões com respostas globais positivas definidas com área de força. Urge responsabilidade compartilhada em implementar estratégias que visem corrigir as fragilidades encontradas em prol de uma assistência qualificada, eficaz, efetiva e segura.
The French-Farsi Simultaneous Early Bilingualism in an Iranian Child—Study on the Regularity of the Presence of the Minority Language in the First Lexical Productions of a Bilingual Child
Authors: Jalilian Sahar , Rahmatian Rouhollah , Safa Parivash , Letafati Roya
Published: January 2017

In a simultaneous bilingual education, there are many factors that can affect its success, primarily the age of the child and socio-cognitive elements. This phenomenon can be initially studied in the first lexical productions of either language in a child. The present study focuses on the early lexical developments of a child, who lives in the monolingual society of Iran, where there is no linguistic milieu for French, and has been exposed to a bilingual education since birth. Applying Ronjat’s principle of “one parent-one language” (1913), the parents have formed the child’s basic linguistic interactions; the father employs Farsi in his interactions with the child as his mother tongue while the mother uses French as her foreign language. The data is collected from audio files recorded in the period between 18 and 36 months old of the child, containing her everyday interactions with her parents. Through the analysis of the data with the purpose of studying the changes of the presence of the minority language words, i.e. French, in the child’s sentences at different ages, questions are raised regarding the conditions of a persistent presence of both languages and the reason due to which one language positions as a minor means of communication, observing parental attitudes and environmental issues that can influence the language acquisition procedure.