bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
XXI Congreso de Neumología y Cirugía de Tórax. Medicina respiratoria del futuro; Innovación y sostenibilidad hoy
Authors: Díaz Bossa Claudia Patricia
Published: December 2024

Medellín se prepara para recibir con los brazos abiertos el 21.er Congreso de Neumología y Cirugía de Tórax; un evento que promete ser un verdadero hito en nuestra especialidad. No es casualidad que este Congreso coincida con el número 21, dos dígitos que en la simbología representan éxito y transformación. 
Tras la pandemia, nuestro campo de trabajo ha sido testigo de desafíos sin precedentes que han transformado la manera en que entendemos y abordamos todo lo relacionado con el proceso salud/enfermedad. La medicina respiratoria se encuentra en un momento crucial, donde la necesidad de innovación, investigación y colaboración global es más urgente que nunca. 
La crisis sanitaria nos enseñó lecciones valiosas sobre la importancia de una respuesta rápida y adaptativa, pero también nos dejó con la tarea de enfrentar nuevas secuelas y la necesidad de fortalecer la infraestructura, con el fin de estar mejor preparados para futuras amenazas. Por eso, hemos considerado que el marco de este evento debe soportarse en seis pilares fundamentales: innovación, sostenibilidad, conciencia ambiental, ética, inclusión e interdisciplinariedad. Estos conceptos buscan conceptualizar lo que debe ser la medicina del siglo XXI y son los que pretende abarcar nuestro lema: “Medicina respiratoria del futuro; Innovación y sostenibilidad hoy”.
JAPONYA’NIN SİNOP PETROLÜNE İLGİSİ
Authors: Altın Uğur
Published: December 2024

Japonya enerji kaynakları bakımından dışa bağımlı bir ülkedir. Bu açıdan enerji arzını dışardan sağlayan diğer ülkeler gibi Japonya için de enerji güvenliği, sanayileşme ve savunma gibi alanlara etkisi nedeniyle hayati öneme sahiptir.
Osmanlı İmparatorluğu döneminde Japonya ile bazı temaslar olsa da diplomatik ilişkiler Türkiye Cumhuriyeti’nin kurulmasıyla başlamıştır. Türkiye Cumhuriyeti’nin ilk yıllarında Japonya’nın Türk petrol yataklarına yönelik ilgisi gelişmiştir. Japon Donanması’nın 1915 yılından itibaren petrol türevi yakıt kullanımına geçişi ve ülke içinde petrolün yaygınlaşmasıyla petrol arzı artmıştır. Japonya bu ihtiyacı karşılamak üzere yurtiçinde petrol aramalarına yurtdışında ise petrol imtiyazı elde etmeye çalışmıştır. Bu kapsamda Japonya, Türkiye ve çevresindeki petrol kaynaklarından Sinop petrolüne büyük ilgi göstererek imtiyaz elde etmeye çalışmıştır.
Bu çalışmada, Japonya’nın petrol politikası kapsamında Türk petrol potansiyelinde elde etmeye çalıştığı imtiyazlar ve buna yönelik girişimler, bölgede bu alanda faaliyet gösteren Batılı Güçlerle olan ilişkisi ekseninde ele alınacaktır.
100 Years of the Department of Urology of the O. O. Bogomolets National Medical University: Pages of History
Authors: Nikitin Oleh , Pasiechnikov Serhii , Golovko Serhii , Klymenko Yaroslav , Hrytsai Viktor , Samchuk Pavlo , Yasynetskyi Mykola , Reznikov Hennadii , Onis Ruslan , Metelskyi Serhii
Published: December 2024

Історія кафедри урології в Київському медичному інституті бере початок з 1924 року, хоча перші кроки у викладанні цієї дисципліни були зроблені ще наприкінці ХІХ століття. У 1880 році на медичному факультеті Київського інституту почав діяти факультативний курс урології, який послідовно вели приват-доценти О. А. Ростицький, А. К. Флейшер, Н. В. Соломко, А. Г. Радзієвський.
У 1922 році в Київському інституті удосконалення лікарів А. А. Чайка почав читати доцентський курс урології. Він з 1908 до 1911 року навчався у Військово-медичній академії (м. Санкт-Петербург) у видатного хірурга С. П. Федорова, а в 1914 році захистив докторську дисертацію на тему «До техніки нефротомії». Професор А. А. Чайка у 1924 році організував і очолив кафедру урології в Київському медичному інституті та започаткував створення Київської наукової школи урологів, яка визначала подальший розвиток урології в Україні в цілому. Він організував і протягом багатьох років керував науковим товариством урологів України, був Головою 1-го з’їзду урологів України в 1938 році та Почесним Головою II конференції урологів колишнього СРСР у 1951 році.
Перебуваючи на посаді головного хірурга евакуаційного пункту III Українського фронту за часів Другої світової війни, головним хірургом Київського окружного шпиталю (1945–1962) та продовжуючи успішно керувати кафедрою урології Київського медичного інституту (до 1960 року), генерал-майор медичної служби професор А. А. Чайка набув великого досвіду хірурга-уролога. Він опублікував близько 100 наукових робіт, присвячених ушкодженням нирок та інших органів сечової системи, захворюванням передміхурової залози, сім’яних міхурців, проблемам гнійної хірургії. Ним розроблена оригінальна техніка нефротомії й відновлення сечових шляхів при облітерації, він також є автором розділів «Пошкодження і захворювання сечоводів» у «Посібнику для практичного хірурга» під ред. С. С. Гирголава (М.; Л., 1931. – Т. 7) та «Оперативне лікування захворювань простати» в монографії «Оперативна урологія» під ред. С. П. Федорова, Р. М. Фронштейна (М.; Л., 1934).
Київська урологічна школа, започаткована професором А. А. Чайкою, є найбільшою і найпліднішою в Україні. Прогресивного розвитку київській урології надали учні професора А. А. Чайки: професор О. В. Проскура, професор Ю. Г. Єдиний, доцент В. Н. Скляр, професор П. М. Федорченко, академік О. Ф. Возіанов.
Features of the Clinical Course of Urolithiasis in Combatants
Authors: Ishchuk Roman , Boyko Andrii
Published: December 2024

The objective: to analyze the course of urolithiasis in patients who are combatants and military personnel who were not in the combat zone.
Materials and methods. An analysis of the treatment results of 62 patients with urolithiasis, who underwent treatment and subsequent observation at the urological department of the State Institution “Main Medical Center of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine” from 2014 to 2023, was conducted. All patients were divided into 2 groups. In the first group (n=30), there were patients who were active employees of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine and did not participate in combat actions. In the second group (n=32), there were servicemen of the National Guard of Ukraine who were brought to the hospital directly from the active combat zone.
Results. During the treatment, spontaneous passage of the calculus was observed in 12 (19.3%) patients, with 5 (16.6%) patients in the first group and 7 (21.8%) patients in the second group. Remote shock wave lithotripsy was performed in 15 (50%) patients in the first group and 7 (28.12%) patients in the second group.
Contact laser ureterolithotripsy ranked second among surgical interventions – 10 (33.3%) patients in the first group and 13 (40.6%) patients in the second group. Percutaneous nephrolithotripsy was performed only in 1 patient in the second group. Open lithotomy was performed in 2 (3.2%) patients, specifically in 2 patients in the second group.
Conclusions. Analyzing and comparing the data of both groups, it was found that there is no significant difference in the course, clinical manifestations, and treatment of patients with urolithiasis who are active participants in combat actions and patients with urolithiasis who are active employees of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine.
Engaging Young People in Community-based Flood Risk Management in Pekalongan, Indonesia
Authors: Lo Alex Y. , Setiadi Rukuh , Sari Aniessa Delima , Chow Alex T.S. , Chan Faith K.S. , Fok Lincoln , Oo Ye Mon
Published: December 2024

This technical report describes a capacity development project for flood risk management in Indonesia. The project aimed to equip tertiary students, referred to as 'learners,' with the basic knowledge and skills for flood risk management. We adopted a holistic approach that integrated online lectures, remote coaching and locally-based activities. We implemented a wide range of field activities to foster collaborative experiential learning. Our project took place in Pekalongan, a coastal city in Central Java Province. The significance of our efforts was underscored by the formal endorsement and support provided by the City Government of Pekalongan, which actively engaged 18 government officials in our programme. The capacity development project was structured into two parts. The first part encompassed six online lectures, delving into various aspects of flood risk management. In the second part, 18 enthusiastic Indonesian students took part in our field activities, which included water quality testing, flood exposure assessment, community vulnerability evaluation and community disaster planning. The majority of participants conveyed that the project either met or surpassed their expectations, significantly altering their understanding of climate change and climate vulnerability in Indonesia, while also redefining their roles in local climate change adaptation efforts.
Prediction of Basic Commodity Prices at the Cooperative, SME, and Trade Office Using the Least Squares Method
Authors: Purwani Desy , Samsudin Samsudin
Published: December 2024

The Cooperatives, Small and Medium Enterprises (SME), and Trade Office is responsible for managing national affairs related to maintaining the prices of basic commodities, including the implementation of technical instructions and regulations. A significant issue faced by the office is the lack of accessible information on estimated prices of basic commodities for both the public and government. This gap primarily stems from the absence of an information system in the Pematang Siantar City area capable of publishing these estimates. The purpose of this study is to design and develop a web-based system for predicting basic commodity prices, which will record annual price fluctuations for various basic commodities at the Cooperative, SME, and Trade Office. The findings of this study will provide policymakers with a better understanding of commodity prices in traditional markets within Pematang Siantar City, serving as a foundation for future price estimations. This is particularly relevant for market operations aimed at controlling unreasonable price increases. The Least Squares method was employed to calculate the estimated prices, with the system achieving a Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) of 14.20%, indicating that the system can predict market prices with a reasonable degree of accuracy.
Effect of Load Balancing Bonding and Failover on Speed, Latency, Average, and Packet Loss
Authors: Toriq Farhan , Santoso Banu
Published: December 2024

This study compares the performance between using load balancing bonding and not using load balancing bonding. This test was conducted on a virtual environment VMware and applied to an Internet Service Provider (ISP) network. The configuration was carried out on two routers connected with three virtual cables that function as load balancing bonding, for the computer to function as a load balancing bonding test. In this study, the workload given consisted of 1000 package. The results of this study showed better performance with load balancing bonding compared to without load balancing bonding, shown in the default condition, the speed with Balance Round Robin mode being higher with a value of 0,157Mbps (Tx) and 3.4Mbps (Rx). Latency with Balance Round Robin mode is smaller with a value of 729ms. The average with Balance Round Robin mode is higher with a value of 768bps. While the packet loss has the same result, namely 0% no lost packets were found. In failover conditions, the speed with Balance Round Robin mode is still higher with a value of 0,107Mbps (Tx) and 2.2Mbps (Rx). The value is​​ obtained from testing conducted on Bandwidth Test and Traceroute tools. It can be concluded that the use of load balancing bonding can provide a significant effect on improving network performance both when used in default conditions and in failover conditions based on speed, failover, latency, average, packet loss parameters in the research that has been conducted.
Random Forest Algorithm for Toddler Nutritional Status Classification Website
Authors: Fatmawati Maylia , Herlambang Bambang Agus , Nada Noora Qotrun
Published: December 2024

Accurate data processing is essential for classifying toddler nutritional status on a website platform. The Random Forest algorithm is particularly effective in this context due to its ability to manage large datasets and mitigate overfitting. This study leverages Flask as the web framework to ensure responsiveness and adaptability, optimizing the data processing experience for users. Using secondary data comprising 120,999 records, the research aims to answer: "What factors affect the accuracy of the Random Forest model in classifying toddler nutritional status?" Model evaluation yielded excellent performance metrics, with accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-score values of 99.91%, 100%, 100%, and 100%, respectively. These results highlight the informative attributes in the dataset, such as age, gender, and height, that enhance classification accuracy. The Flask-based website enables users, such as healthcare professionals and policymakers, to input essential data points and receive instant classification results, thereby supporting prompt and informed responses to nutritional health issues. This study confirms that the Random Forest algorithm, combined with an intuitive web interface, effectively classifies toddler nutritional status with high accuracy.
Performance Comparison of Random Forest and Decision Tree Algorithms for Anomaly Detection in Networks
Authors: Ramadhan Rafiq Fajar , Ashari Wahid Miftahul
Published: December 2024

The increase in cyber attacks has made network security a very important focus in this digital era. This research compares the performance of two machine learning algorithms, that is Random Forest and Decision Tree for detecting anomalies in networks using the UNSW-NB15 datasets, which include various types of attacks such as DoS, Backdoor, Exploits and others which will be used to train and test both models. The data collection method, pre-processing, data splitting and modelling using SMOTE method to handle data imbalanced were applied in both algorithms and then evaluated using accuracy, precision, recall and f1-score metrics. From the study result, it can be conclude that the Decision Tree algorithm performs better in detecting anomalies in binary data with an accuracy of 99,71%. However, in multi-class data, Random Forest showed slightly better performance, though it required significantly more time for training and prediction. Despite the small difference in accuracy, Decision Tree demonstrated faster prediction times, making it more efficient for time-sensitive applications. This research concludes that while Random Forest provides higher accuracy for complex datasets, Decision Tree offers a more time-efficient solution with comparable accuracy.
Ensemble Voting Method for Phonocardiogram Heart Signal Classification Using FFT Features
Authors: Noorizki Adisaputra Zidha , Pratikno Heri , Kusumawati Weny Indah
Published: December 2024

Heart disease is still one of the leading causes of death worldwide, hence the need for effective diagnostic tools. Phonocardiogram (PCG) signals have been explored as a complementary approach to electrocardiogram (ECG) to detect cardiac abnormalities. This research investigates the classification of PCG signals using Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) features and deep learning models, including Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM), Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU), and Temporal Convolutional Network (TCN). Hyperparameter tuning, particularly learning rate adjustment, is applied to optimize the performance of the models. The results show that the GRU and TCN models outperform the LSTM, achieving up to 92% accuracy at a learning rate of 0.0001. Ensemble learning with soft voting was also applied to combine the strengths of each model. Although the ensemble model showed strong performance with 92% accuracy and ROC AUC of 0.9636, it did not provide significant improvement over the base model. This finding highlights the importance of hyperparameter tuning in model optimization, with GRU and TCN showing slightly better performance in the time series classification task. This study concludes that ensemble learning offers stability but does not significantly improve classification accuracy beyond a well-tuned base model.
Detecting Fake Reviews Using BERT and Sublinear_TF Methods on Hotel Reviews in the Lombok Tourism Area
Authors: Hadi Zulpan , Zulpahmi M. , . Zaenudin , Asrory Akmaludin
Published: December 2024

The number of visitors to Lombok, one of the famous tourist destinations in Indonesia, increased from 400,595 in 2020 to 1,376,295 in 2022. Although the government supports the hotel industry, fake reviews are a significant problem that can damage hotel reputations and mislead tourists. This study uses BERT and Sublinear_TF feature extraction techniques to analyze fake reviews from three main areas: Gili Trawangan, Senggigi, and Kuta. BERT detects fake reviews by understanding the context of words, while Sublinear_TF emphasizes more informative words by reducing the weight of irrelevant common words. The results showed that the more extensive and diverse dataset from Gili Trawangan had the best classification results. The combination of BERT and Random Forest achieved the highest accuracy of 0.84. Overall, BERT excels in Gili Trawangan with an accuracy of 0.79 for SVM and 0.84 for Random Forest. In contrast, smaller and more homogeneous datasets such as Senggigi and Kuta have lower accuracy. In addition, Sublinear_TF performed well on Gili Trawangan with an accuracy of 0.82 using SVM and 0.83 using Random Forest; however, its performance declined in Senggigi and Kuta. BERT and Sublinear_TF techniques are more effective on large and diverse datasets such as Gili Trawangan. Sublinear_TF is better for varied data but less effective on more homogeneous datasets, while BERT with Random Forest showed the highest accuracy due to its ability to capture broader language context. This suggests that the size and variety of the dataset highly influence the success of fake review classification techniques.
Innovation in Digitalization of UI/UX Design with User Centered Design to Increase Customer Satisfaction
Authors: Felicia Yohana , Ibrahim Ali , Indah Dwi Rosa , Seprina Iin
Published: December 2024

In the era of rapid digitalization, the economic sector, especially small and medium enterprises, is required to adapt to the development of digitalization. SDS YPMM Cooperative is one example of a small business that still relies on traditional systems in its business processes. To overcome this problem, a website-based User Interface (UI) and User Experience (UX) design was carried out to digitize the SDS YPMM cooperative business process. In the design, the User Centered Design method is used which focuses on user needs. This method is done by Specify the context of use, specify user and organizational requirements, produce design solutions, and evaluate design against user requirements. At the evaluation stage, the System Usability Scale (SUS) was used to measure the level of usability of the resulting design. The evaluation results obtained 179 respondents out of 533 population for the user interface showed a score of 84.97, which falls into the “acceptable” category and a rating of B or “Excellent”. Meanwhile, the admin interface received 5 respondents from 5 populations and scored 93, which falls into the “acceptable” category and an A or “Best Imaginable” rating. These findings indicate that the UI/UX design is highly accepted by both categories of users, thereby improving operational efficiency and shopping experience, which creates satisfaction with SDS YPMM cooperative services.
Design fundamentals of high temperature silicon carbide operational amplifiers in the freely related environments MicroCap and LTspice
Authors:   Don State Technical University  344000, Russia, Rostov-on-Don, Gagarin Square, 1, Chumakov V.E. , Frolov I.V. ,   Ulyanovsk Branch of the Kotelnikov Institute of Radioengineering and Electronics of RAS  432071, Russia, Ulyanovsk, Goncharova st., 48/2, Kleimenkin D.V. ,   Don State Technical University  344000, Russia, Rostov-on-Don, Gagarin Square, 1, Prokopenko N.N. ,   Don State Technical University  344000, Russia, Rostov-on-Don, Gagarin Square, 1
Published: December 2024

To simulate analog circuits in the freely available MicroCap and LTspice environments at temperatures up to 452 °C, template models of SiC transistors have been developed using the template modeling technique, in which the constant parameters of the model are replaced by fractional-rational functions, allowing a more accurate description of the physical processes in the JFET without violating the character their changes. Instructions have been developed for testing SiC JFet transistor models in LTspice and MicroCap environments. The purpose of the work is to study circuit solutions for high-temperature basic analog functional units, implemented on the basis of silicon carbide field-effect transistors using developed template models. The parameters of SiC two-terminal reference current circuits and dynamic loads of amplification stages of operational amplifiers with different numbers of series-connected SiC JFets, which can be used in high-temperature analog circuitry, are presented. The main characteristics of SiC differential stages and the simplest SiC operational amplifiers with paraphase output based on them were studied at temperatures of 25 °C and 452 °C. The results obtained are recommended for use in the design of high-temperature operational and instrumental amplifiers used in space instrumentation, deep well drilling equipment, automotive industry, nuclear reactors, etc. for processing signals from sensors of physical quantities and converting radio signals.
An Analysis of the Decision-Making Process for ‘Cyberbullying Prevention Policies’ : Focused on the Multiple Streams Framework
Authors: Song Seogyeon , Lee Soojeong
Published: December 2024

This study investigates the decision-making process that led to the inclusion of “cyberbullying” within the definition of school violence in the School Violence Prevention Act and the establishment of a definition for cyberbullying. To identify the main factors influencing this decision, the study uses Kingdon’s multiple streams framework analyzing the problem stream, policy stream, and political stream, as well as identifying the policy entrepreneurs involved. The results of this analysis are as follows. The process of establishing the policy agenda was influenced by the convergence of the political stream and the problem stream, which then combined with the policy stream. The decisive factor affecting this process was the COVID-19 pandemic, whose adverse effects on online learning and the results of school violence surveys served as critical elements within the problem stream. This stream combined with the political stream, with key factors being the side effects of online learning caused by the COVID-19 pandemic and The Blue Tree Foundation’s efforts to prevent and eradicate cyberbullying. As leading policy entrepreneurs, The Blue Tree Foundation, the Ministry of Education, and members of the National Assembly actively led the policy stream, serving as important factors in the policy decision-making process. These various factors led to the inclusion of cyberbullying in the Act on the Prevention of School Violence and the establishment of its definition.
Technology Readiness Index in The Application of Blockchain Technology In Indonesian Carbon Exchange
Authors: Sipahutar Dayan Hakim Natigor , Sudaryo Yoyo , Walhidayat Taufik , Cokins Gary
Published: December 2024

The integration of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) with Blockchain technology has indeed brought about significant changes across various aspects of digital economic activities. This study provides a perspective on the influence of blockchain use on the performance of Indonesian Carbon Exchange players. The results of data analysis show that the variables Optimism (p-value 0.001<0.05) and Innovation (p-value 0.000<0.05) in the adoption of blockchain technology have a significant positive influence on the performance of Indonesian Carbon Exchange players. The results of testing the Insecurity variable on social media adoption showed significant negative results with a p-value of 0.002 (<0.05). And the results of testing the Discomfort variable with the adoption of blockchain technology have no influence on the performance of Indonesian Carbon Exchange players with a p-value of 0.074 (>0.05).
PERBANDINGAN MODEL ARIMA MANUAL DAN AUTO DALAM MEMPREDIKSI NILAI EKSPOR MENGGUNAKAN PYTHON
Authors: Shedriko Shedriko , Firdaus Muhammad
Published: December 2024

In many cases, incomplete data is commonly found on both domestic and international websites. This is problematic for researchers who need complete data for their research, including in obtaining export values from the BPS Indonesia website. To address this issue, various prediction models can be used, including ARIMA (Auto Regressive Integrated Moving Average) which is a forecasting model based on statistics. With the completed library module, the Python language is now capable of running this model. ARIMA is a model that relies on try and error, so expertise is needed in determining its parameters. The problem of this research is to compare the manual ARIMA model with auto-ARIMA in Python using libraries that are available in this programming language. The purpose of this research is to get the best accuracy value of determining the parameters of manual and auto models in ARIMA. From the results of the research, it is concluded that the manually implemented ARIMA model performed better in MAE, MAPE and RMSE values compared to to the auto-ARIMA model, with values of 0.06 compared to 0.3, 0.006 compared to 0.03 and 0.07 compared to 0.4, respectively .
Investigation of viruses and phytoplasma infections in tomato plantations in Bilecik province, Türkiye
Authors: Randa Zelyüt Filiz , Karanfil Ali , Santosa Adyatma Irawan
Published: December 2024

In this study, the status of infections caused by viruses and phytoplasmas in tomato production areas of Bilecik province was determined using conventional molecular methods. During the 2022 tomato production season, 93 plants exhibiting symptoms such as mosaic, leaf and fruit deformations, flower anomalies, and necrotic spots were collected. Viral agents such as tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV), cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), southern tomato virus (STV), tobamoviruses, and potyviruses were screened by RT-PCR, while phytoplasmas were detected by nested-PCR. Single, double, and triple infections were detected in 50 of the 93 plants. 17, 5, and 21 plants were infected by a single pathogen for TSWV, STV, and phytoplasmas, respectively. 1, 3, and 2 plants were infected by two pathogens for STV+TSWV, STV+phytoplasma, and TSWV+phytoplasma, respectively. Only one plant detected a triple infection caused by STV, TSWV, and phytoplasmas. The phytoplasma genetic group was determined as 16Sr XII-A by PCR RFLP in-silico and in-vitro methods. Sequencing studies revealed that TSWV had high nucleotide sequence similarity with other Türkiye isolates for the NSs partial gene and STV entire CP gene region. For phytoplasmas, sequencing studies showed that the obtained tomato strains overlapped one-to-one with stolbur strains. Phylogenetic analyses applied with global isolates for TSWV NSs and STV CP gene regions showed the existence of 2 main groups (Clade I and Clade II). TSWV and STV isolates obtained from this study clustered in large main branches (Clade I).
Thermophilic and thermotolerant microfungi of coal mine spoil tips beyond the Arctic Circle
Authors: Iliushin Vadim A. , Kirtsideli Irina Y.
Published: December 2024

Background and aims: Thermophilic and thermotolerant fungi occupy a variety of ecological niches. The purpose of this article is to show that these microfungi are able to live even in such harsh conditions of the high Arctic beyond the Arctic Circle.
M&M: Rock from coal mine spoil tips were collected and studied using scanning electron microscopy. The method of direct inoculation was employed to isolate microfungi. The isolates were identified using morphological identification and molecular methods. The growth rate of micromycetes was studied depending on temperature.
Results: Eight cultures of microfungi belonging to six species that are able to grow at temperatures of 45 °C and above were isolated from coal mine spoil tips.
Conclusions: The data obtained indicate the presence of thermophilic and thermotolerant microfungi in the spoil tips of coal mines beyond the Arctic Circle. All the fungi belonged to the order Eurotiales. These microfungi are able to exist in the harshest conditions with several simultaneous adverse factors.
Plantación con Ochetophila trinervis (Rhamnaceae) en riberas del noroeste patagónico invadidas por Salix fragilis (Salicaceae)
Authors: Santoni Laura S. , Chaia Eugenia E. , Gobbi Miriam E.
Published: December 2024

Background and aims: Salix fragilis is a non-native invasive tree that causes alterations in Patagonian streambanks. The revegetation with native species may favor the recovery of biodiversity, it is therefore necessary to find a species capable to coexist with this disturbance. The native shrub Ochetophila trinervis might be an option, because saplings can be produced in nurseries, plants have a high resprout capacity and roots are associated with symbiotic nitrogen fixing actinobacteria; qualities that make the species resilient in altered environments. The aim of this work was to analyze the plantation success with O. trinervis plants in streambanks invaded by S. fragilis.
M&M: The establishment of O. trinervis saplings was studied for two years in the field, in three patches under different riparian vegetation conditions: native shrubs, S. fragilis with intervention (with thinning and pruning), and S. fragilis without intervention. 
Results: The survival of O. trinervis was close to 90% one month after planting, then it decreased to 40% in the second summer in both conditions with S. fragilis and to 10% in that of native shrubs. The diameter of the neck (DAC) relative to pre-planting was four times greater in the intervened S. fragilis patch than in the native shrubland, in the first summer. The dry weight of leaves and roots was also greater in these patches. The diameter of the neck and the height of the plants were related to field survival, and both the ecophysiological indicators and aspects of nodulation presented different relationships.
Conclusions: The invaded streambanks with S. fragilis were favorable for the establishment of O. trinervis, so revegetation of invaded patches might be possible to manage this problem.
Presidential Support Rate and Economic Variables in Korea
Authors:   Asia-Europe Perspective Association, Bae Hyoung-Seok , Yang Sung-Kuk
Published: December 2024

South Korea’s political system has undergone many drastic changes and trials and errors, and can be seen as a five-year single-president-centered position today. Under such a system, the president’s approval rating is utilized as one of the important policy indicators, reflecting the evaluation of the current social members. According to the economic voting theory, the voter’s choice behavior preferentially acts as an evaluation criterion related to the economy. Recently, as the democratic system has further strengthened and the economic environment has developed, changes in social perceptions of society and the expectations of government officials have led to an evaluation of the ability to administer national governments, and are reflected in their support rates. In general, members of society respond sensitively to the economic situation and connect the perceptions of the economy with the actions the president has on the economy to express the level of satisfaction of government administration and the expected utility. In short, economic interests have long been recognized as the main motivation for regulating political behavior in the democratic system.
This study is based on economic voting theory and examines the relationship between the influence of economic variables on the approval rate of past presidents of the Republic of Korea. The analysis period for the empirical analysis was set from March 1993 to May 2019. Economic variables were unemployment rate, base rate, underlying inflation rate, economic growth rate and KOSPI. We also performed a dynamic analysis focusing on the fact that some independent variables can have different periods of influence on the dependent variables. As a result of the analysis, it has been found that the approval rate of the president affects the reference interest rate and core inflation, and the sensitivity of social members as a close economic indicator is relatively high. It can be seen that it led to evaluation.
Finally, this study is significant in that it attempted to investigate its changes and influences from a more dynamic perspective, using the economic variables presented by existing studies. However, the fact that historical facts and non-economic variables are not taken into account can be pointed out as a limitation, and in the future, it is necessary to conduct an expanded study that takes into account various factors.
Analysing the Public hearing in the National Assembly
Authors:   Asia-Europe Perspective Association, Kim Eun-Kyung
Published: December 2024

This paper notes that the public hearing system as a public participation mechanism is in place in the process of reviewing bills in the National Assembly, but is not really well utilized. In other words, it started with a question of what kind of legislation a public hearing is held. To identify this as the nature of the bill, we looked at the number of co-sponsors, number of proposals for the same bill, and attached cost estimates. It also performed statistical verification to find out what attributes the Bill is likely to hold public hearings by classifying the types of bills according to Wilson’s policy-type theory.
As a result, we confirmed that it was highly likely to hold public hearings when the legislation bill and the revised law bill stipulate that a public hearing be held under the National Assembly Act. In addition, it was found that the higher the number of proposals for the same bill, the more likely the hearing would take place. And it turns out that when the beneficiaries of the policy benefits of the bill are concentrated on a particular group and also incurring corresponding costs, it is most likely to hold a public hearing.
The Study on Longevity Factors and the Organizational Life-Cycle Pattern of Japanese Longevity Companies
Authors:   Asia-Europe Perspective Association, Lim Oeseuk
Published: December 2024

At the time of rapid change and uncertainty in the business environment surrounding companies, the interest in long-lived companies that have survived so far has been increasing, overcoming many crises for a long time.
In particular, interest is growing in Japan’s long-lived companies, which have about 33,000 long-lived companies more than 100 years ago, including 20 super longevity companies.
The subject of this study is to analyze the longevity factors of longevity companies in Japan, and to find out the life cycle patterns of longevity companies. The research method adopted an exploratory approach based on document-based case analysis.
In order to carry out the research topic, we first design a research analysis framework, and then review and analyze representative previous studies on longevity companies.
Based on this, we will analyze the longevity factors at the socio-cultural level and the management level(founding philosophy, long-term management strategy, organizational culture) to derive and propose the organizational life cycle patterns of longevity companies.
The longevity factors and organizational life cycle patterns of longevity companies can be summarized as follows.
Sociocultural longevity factors include low consciousness about preciousness and humbleness of job, the establishment of a unique family system, the limited influence of foreign aggression, and the distinctive forms of civil war.
The longevity factors of the management level are the founding and business ideology that placed a core values on the talent firstism based on technology and the customer firsterism based on credit, an organizational culture that emphasizes tradition and embraces change, and a management strategy that emphasizes stability and survival rather than growth and expansion.
The characteristics of the organizational life cycle patterns of longevity firms include the duration period in addition to four periods: the foundation period, the growth period, the maturity period, and the decline and fall period. In the maturity period, the recovery, the growth, the maturation and the decline are repeated.
This is a life cycle stage that has not been described in previous life cycle patterns.
Representative implications of this study are as follows: First, in order to become a long-lived company, internal orientation and external orientation, tradition and change, stability and growth should be approached from the perspective of equilibrium, not alternative.
Second, in the perspective of an organization’s life cycle, the length of the duration period is a key determinant of longevity, or level of sustainability, and is based on strategic choices that emphasize stability over growth in the long run.
The results of this study are expected to be useful basic data for managers who manage domestic and international companies and organizations or for researchers who are interested in long-term management of organizations.
A Study on the Relationship between Initial Premiums of Variable Life Insurances and Macroeconomic Variables Based on the ARDL Bounds Test
Authors:   Asia-Europe Perspective Association, Lee Jaimin , Kwon Yongjae , Lee Dongyoup
Published: December 2024

Using autoregressive distributed lag model and bounds test, we estimated the relationship between initial premiums of variable life insurance and macroeconomic variables. At first glance, premium income may look attractive to researcher for examining insurance demand. However, analyzing premium income does not often help us understand the relationship between insurance demand and macroeconomic variables because premium income includes initial premium and subsequent premium both. In other words, we cannot identify month-to-month changes in nsurance demand from analyzing premium income. Besides, considering that initial premium is amount paid by new policyholder, life insurance companies can have insights about what make people purchase variable life insurance for the first time from investigating initial premium. This insight is also valuable to insurance regulatory authority.
Since part of premiums of are invested in funds, initial premium volume of variable life insurance depends on stock prices, inflation rates, business cycles, and so on. Following Hwang and Seo(2010), we use KOSPI returns, inflation rates based on CPI, CD rates, 5-year KTB yields and unemployment rates as explanatory variables.
What we found from analyses are as follows. First, estimating unrestricted ARDL models and conducting bounds tests, we found that initial premiums and macroeconomic variables are cointegrated. Interpreting the error correction term, we found that, in the long run, only KOSPI returns are positively related with statistical significance to initial premiums of variable annuity and variable universal life insurance. We also found that inflation rates, CD rates, 5-year KTB yields and unemployment rates influences their short-run dynamics.
Conducting CUSUM test and CUSUM squares test, we found that estimated models are stable. Finally, since initial premiums that we use in this paper include not only regular premiums but also single premiums, using the initial premiums prevent us from estimating exact relationship between initial premiums and macroeconomic variables. This limitation comes from the fact that Korea Insurance Development Institute(KIDI) does not provide detailed information on insurance premium to the public. We hope that KIDI provides better information about insurance premium in near future so that we can have better understanding in insurance demand.
Political Connection and CEO Pay for Performance Sensitivity in Public Institutions
Authors:   Asia-Europe Perspective Association, Choi Bu-kyung , Ahn Ji-Young
Published: December 2024

This study analyzed the relationship between CEO compensation and performance of public institutions in Korea, and conducted panel analysis on samples of 10-year surveys of public and quasi-governmental institutions from 2007 to 2016. This study primarily seeks to verify the performance-compensation relationship and asymmetry of the performance-compensation of CEOs (later, the head of the agency) of public institutions in Korea through empirical data. Specifically, based on data from the heads of domestic public institutions, the performance-compensation sensitivity is verified to what extent the heads of institutions are sensitive to institutional performance. Performance-compensation sensitivity is the extent to which changes in individual performance affect changes in rewards, and the value of the coefficients estimated from the sample data indicates changes in the CEO’s wealth when $ 1 changes, resulting in greater incentives for managers and control. Furthermore, this study explores the possibility of asymmetry in the sensitivity of performance-compensation when the level of compensation for heads of public institutions improves or worsens the agency’s performance. Specifically, asymmetry in performance-compensation sensitivity is a comparison of the extent of changes (increases) in compensation for agency directors when performance improves this year, which can be a case of several public institutions that receive high incentives despite poor management performance.
A total of 1,088 institutional-year cases were selected as the study sample collecting data based on a total of 109 institutions disclosed as of 2016. The results show that pay-performance sensitivity is asymmetric with organizational performance. In other words, CEO compensation in public institutions showed significant downward rigidity and the increase in the compensation of the head of the agency when the performance was improved was significant compared to the decrease in the performance. In particular, the downward rigidity was noticeable in the asset management evaluation score and the total asset net return rate (ROA) among the various performance variables used in the analysis. In particular, the downward rigidity was particularly pronounced when we consider management evaluation score of the public institution as a dependent variable.
Moverover, the analysis of political connections among managerial characteristics that may affect management compensation and performance shows that asymmetry in management evaluation scores is strengthened when the heads of public institutions are politically connected to the current government.
These results suggest that the agency’s performance-based pay does not achieve the intended motivational effect, and particularly, the degree of political connectivity of public agency heads is likely to worsen the agency’s agent problem and cause institutional costs to rise.
Analysis of the effect of reduction in working-age population on housing prices
Authors:   Asia-Europe Perspective Association, Kwon Sun-Hee
Published: December 2024

Recently, we are experiencing rapid changes in the demographic structure due to a decrease in the fertility rate and an increase in the elderly population.
Previously, the decline in the fertility rate was mainly studied on social and humanistic factors, and as it progressed from the traditional society to the modern society, the change in the view of marriage was pointed out as a representative factor of low fertility. However, recently, both men and women are choosing their life direction based on the importance of values and ideals, not marriage plans. The retirement and aging of the baby boomers, who accounted for a large proportion of the working age population, are bringing about a major change in the housing market. Such changes in the demographic structure are expected to have a steadfast effect on the Korean economy in the future.
This study composed panel data based on data from 7 metropolitan cities, and analyzed the relationship between variables through Pooled OLS analysis, Fixed Effect Model analysis, and Least Square Dummy Variable analysis. One result is as follows. First, in the panel analysis, First, it was found that in the case of small apartments, the impact of housing prices due to the decrease in the production population was large. In the case of, all variables showed a positive (+) relationship. In the case of medium-sized apartments, it was found that an increase in life expectancy could rather lead to a decline in apartment prices, and it was confirmed that the demand for small apartments continued to increase, leading to a rise in housing prices of the corresponding scale. However, the reverse support ratio and the self-occupancy ratio show a positive (+) relationship regardless of the scale. In addition, the statistical significance was also high, confirming that the low birth rate and aging population had a significant effect on the housing price.
Second, in the results of analysis using the fixed effect model, statistical significance was found to be inferior compared to the first panel analysis. However, in the case of small apartments, all explanatory variables show high significance, indicating that the demand for small apartments is higher compared to other sized apartments.
Third, LSDV analysis showed that the decrease in the productive population showed a difference in the rise of housing prices in the seven metropolitan cities. Looking at the dummy variables for each region, all regions were found to be statistically significant, and it can be seen that there are significant differences for each region.