bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Implementation of Standards for Managing Pharmaceutical, Medical Devices and Disposable Medical Materials in Community Pharmacy in Medan City
Authors: Wiryanto Wiryanto , Tanjung Harri , Rumonda Reski
Published: February 2020

BACKGROUND: The implementation of pharmacy service standards is a way to implement the practice philosophy, which in essence aims to protect the public from unprofessional pharmaceutical services. The Indonesians standard of pharmacy services has been updated several times according to the development of legal requirements in the community pharmacy setting.
AIM: This study aimed to evaluate the implementation of pharmacy service standards for managing pharmaceuticals, medical devices and disposable medical materials at pharmacies.
METHODS: The study was conducted with a descriptive method using a cross sectional survey research design, with a checklist as an instrument for retrieving variable data on pharmaceutical services at pharmacies in the city of Medan, Indonesia. The study was conducted from July to November 2018.
RESULTS: The overall standard implementation from 99 pharmacies showed that 72 pharmacies were at a good level (72.72%), fair level as many as 26 pharmacies (26.26%) and 1 pharmacy in bad level (1.02%).
CONCLUSION: The study result revealed that even though the level of implementation was good but there were some elements that have high level of “done but not documented” (especially in planning and destruction/withdrawal standards). There were many aspects that must be improved especially the documentation aspect and require cooperation from all relevant parties.
La Beauté et le Cyborg
Authors: Bazzano Manu , Ducroux-Biass Françoise
Published: February 2020

L’Approche centrée sur la personne est prise entre deux conceptions : le syndrome de la belle âme (Beauté) et une vue mécaniste de la thérapie (Cyborg). L’Approche centrée sur la personne, enthousiasmée par le sens de sa propre pureté et animée par des récits chrétiens d’amour (souvent l’Agapé divine plutôt que l’Éros subversif et relationnel), s’efforce de maintenir son propre rôle en défendant ses principes philosophiques. Cependant, inquiète de ne plus être pertinente dans un monde en évolution rapide et désirant être plus efficace, elle embrasse le néolibéralisme et son sac d’algorithmes, de données et d’éthique axée sur le marché. Ainsi, la Beauté et le Cyborg sont parfois réunis dans une alliance contre nature au sein de l’Approche centrée sur la personne. Après un examen de ces deux points de vue, cet article ouvre une voie en tirant des enseignements de la psychologie organismique, des racines de l’Approche et de la littérature.
Une image inédite de l’un des « arcs d’Auguste » du Forum romain sur une plaque Campana du Musée du Louvre
Authors: Gros Pierre
Published: February 2020

Après avoir rappelé en quels termes se pose aujourd’hui la question du nombre, de la localisation et de la forme des arcs augustéens de la limite orientale du Forum romain, cet article propose une nouvelle lecture d’une plaque Campana du musée du Louvre où figure précisément un arc à trois baies pourvu d’un riche décor statuaire. L’analyse de ses caractères structurels et de son iconographie autorise à y voir la reproduction d’un monument réel, en dépit des conventions imposées par ce genre de document. Il s’agirait en l’occurrence, si l’on tient compte de toutes ses composantes, de l’« arc parthique », mais dans sa seconde version, contemporaine du départ de C. Caesar pour la campagne d’Orient qui lui fut fatale. Une telle observation est, de surcroît, de nature à trancher le problème de sa position par rapport au temple de César.
De Paphos à Nea Paphos , aspects de l’hellénisation de l’ouest de Chypre de l’Âge du Bronze Récent à l’époque hellénistique : Dix ans de travaux du Département des Antiquités de Chypre et de la Mission archéologique française à Paphos (Ma f aP)
Authors: Balandier Claire , Raptou Eustathios
Published: February 2020

Sise au cœur de la Méditerranée orientale, au croisement des influences anatoliennes, égyptiennes, levantines et égéennes, Chypre est le lieu idoine pour tenter d’appréhender le processus d’hellénisation de ses populations. L’Ouest de l’île témoigne, plus que toute autre région, de cette hellénisation progressive depuis l’âge du Bronze Récent jusqu’à l’annexion de Chypre par Ptolémée, satrape puis roi d’Égypte. Deux sites emblématiques de cette région permettent de suivre cette hellénisation pas à pas, grâce aux résultats des fouilles récentes du département des Antiquités de Chypre comme de la mission archéologique française à Paphos et des autres missions étrangères : il s’agit, d’une part, de l’agglomération qui s’est développée autour du sanctuaire de la Grande Déesse et est devenue le siège du chef‑lieu du royaume de Paphos, et, d’autre part, de la nouvelle ville portuaire, fondée à la fin du iv e s. av. J.‑C., qui devint le siège du représentant lagide dans l’île. À partir de l’époque romaine, la première Paphos a été appelée Palae Paphos , pour la distinguer de la nouvelle ville portuaire, Nea Paphos .
A port at the edge of the Sea of the Greeks: Hellenism in Thonis‑Heracleion, Egypt
Authors: Robinson Damian , Goddio Franck
Published: February 2020

Situé en bordure de la « mer des Grecs », Thônis‑Héracléion était un important port d’escale pour les commerçants grecs naviguant vers l’Égypte. Initialement une porte fortifiée d’entrée à la branche navigable la plus occidentale du Nil, le port est devenu l’ emporium le plus important du pays à partir de la période saïte et a été très probablement à l’origine de la richesse de ces dynasties. Son importance perdura pendant la période de la domination perse jusqu’à la fondation d’Alexandrie, après laquelle l’économie de la ville se recentra sur les cultes pendant la période ptolémaïque. Il est par conséquent possible de retracer les mécanismes par lesquels Thônis‑Héracléion a évolué de sa position de poste frontalier égyptien à une ville égypto‑hellénistique à travers la culture matérielle exhumée par l’Institut Européen d’Archéologie Sous‑Marine. On y voit la transition de l’utilisation de marchandises grecques dans les usages égyptiens, à l’adoption et la contrefaçon de biens et d’idées étrangers, pour enfin créer des objets hybrides combinant des éléments égyptiens et grecs. Grâce à ces développements, nous voyons comment la ville égyptienne de Thônis devint graduellement Héracléion, la grecque.
Propositions éthiques pour la formation à la thérapie familiale psychanalytique
Authors: Loncan Anne
Published: February 2020

L’auteur développe les positions éthiques inhérentes à cette entreprise et leurs rapports avec les normes explicites et implicites qui encadrent traditionnellement la formation. Les particularités de la formation sont présentées dans leur proximité avec des concepts-clés de la psychanalyse familiale : enveloppe groupale de formation, néo-groupe de formation, lien de formation et fantasmes corrélatifs. Ces paramètres sont examinés sous l’angle des normes et valeurs que l’on y fait vivre, c’est-à-dire de l’éthique portée par la transmission de cet héritage métaphorique. Enfin, l’auteur souligne que l’éthique de la formation se déploie entre deux préoccupations majeures : maintenir le cap théorico-clinique requis par la psychanalyse familiale d’une part, tout en favorisant la créativité et l’évolutivité dans les pensées et les pratiques d’autre part.
Normalisation ou l’agonie du printemps de Prague
Authors: Mével Gérard
Published: February 2020

La Tchécoslovaquie est née il y a cent ans. Au milieu, nous trouvons le printemps de Prague qui proposait un socialisme à visage humain. Une terrible répression a écrasé le Printemps, obligeant à une « normalisation ». Dans l’esprit de cette dictature, la norme serait sans visages. La Tchécoslovaquie a connu trois dictatures : le nazisme, le stalinisme, puis le post-stalinisme après 1968. La résistance est venue de l’art dramatique, du cinéma, du théâtre, et bien sûr de l’écriture. La Nouvelle Vague du cinéma tchèque, avec, entre autres, Les Amours d’une blonde et Trains étroitement surveillés crée une contestation qui fait s’effondrer la dictature. La reprise en force par les « pays frères » s’écroulera vingt ans plus tard. L’opposition viendra d’un homme de théâtre, fils et petit-fils de cinéaste : Vaclav Havel. En 1989 il est ovationné, puis devient démocratiquement président de son pays où il mènera une « révolution de velours ». Après une bataille du masque, le visage redevient la norme.
The Metaphysical Detective Fiction of G.K. Chesterton: “This is not a story of crime”
Authors: Arnautou Charlotte
Published: February 2020

Cette étude se propose d’examiner la place de la série Father Brown de G. K. Chesterton dans l’histoire du récit de détection métaphysique, un genre étroitement associé à la littérature expérimentale de la seconde moitié du XX e siècle, dite postmoderne. L’expression « récit de détection métaphysique » naît en 1941 sous la plume du critique américain Howard Haycraft pour qualifier les singulières aventures policières du Père Brown. Trente ans plus tard, Michael Holquist la reprend et l’érige au rang de genre littéraire, pratiqué entre autres par Borges, Nabokov et Robbe-Grillet. Il l’associe donc à un traitement typiquement postmoderne du récit de détection, sans toutefois reconnaître à Chesterton la paternité du genre, ni donner de justification à l’emploi du terme « métaphysique ». Or ce double flottement se retrouve dans la plupart des études plus récentes du récit de détection métaphysique, qui ignorent précisément, entre les aventures de Father Bown et la fiction de détection métaphysique contemporaine, le rôle de passeur de Borges. On se propose donc de replacer Chesterton dans l’histoire du genre policier métaphysique, en examinant l’influence fondatrice de la série Father Brown sur la fiction de Jorge Luis Borges et en précisant la « métaphysique » à l’œuvre dans la série Father Brown .
Invitation and the Ethics of Hospitality in Howards End
Authors: Lanone Catherine
Published: February 2020

À partir de la définition ironique de la voix narrative que donne Virginia Woolf, comparant Forster à une « hôtesse attentionnée », et en s’inspirant de l’analyse que fait Anne Dufourmantelle du pouvoir de la douceur, cet article se propose d’étudier les implications esthétiques, sociales et éthiques de la représentation de l’invitation et de l’hospitalité dans Howards End de E. M. Forster. L’invitation semble d’abord relever du genre de la comédie de mœurs, mais est utilisée par Forster pour mieux explorer la façon dont la logique capitaliste détermine les limites spatiales, mais aussi sociales et genrées, que le récit s’attache à montrer et subvertir. Le roman met en scène trois moments où s’effondre la logique de l’hospitalité, tandis que le biotope permet une résolution, un retour vers l’hospitalité et le dissensus , qui n’ignore pas la fragmentation.
“A Paper-Knife Stuck between the Pages”: Virginia Woolf Cutting through the Fabric of the Everyday
Authors: Macadré Pauline
Published: February 2020

Si la table est souvent évoquée comme instrument privilégié de réflexion philosophique ou phénoménologique lorsqu’il s’agit de théorie de la connaissance et de perception de la réalité, cet article se concentre plutôt sur ce qui est posé sur la table. Il s’agit d’évaluer l’évolution des valeurs symboliques des tasses et soucoupes, couverts, assiettes et verres, qui encombrent la fiction de Virginia Woolf, tantôt instruments de consommation triviale ou gages de bonnes manières dans une société largement codifiée par un héritage victorien qui imposait aux femmes leur conduite — domestique —, tantôt cristallisant les émotions des personnages, ou pointant vers une forme d’harmonie collective ou artistique. La solidité rassurante des objets familiers ancrant les personnages dans une forme de réalité matérielle est chez Woolf déformée par des métamorphoses inquiétantes qui transforment l’objet en chose inhabituelle, inutilisée et inutilisable, faisant signe vers un réel lacanien qui ne peut qu’échapper à la sagacité humaine.
Sortie(s) de guerre et conservation de la nature
Authors: Nakanabo Diallo Rozenn
Published: February 2020

Depuis l’époque coloniale, le parc national de Gorongosa est le fleuron des politiques publiques de conservation au Mozambique. Or, il est aussi au cœur des sorties et reprises de confrontations armées, dont les logiques et les configurations ne cessent de changer : guerre de libération nationale des années 1960 à 1975, conflit civil entre Frelimo et Renamo de la fin des années 1970 à 1992, puis résurgences depuis les années 2010 des tensions entre Frelimo et Renamo. Une bonne part des affrontements se localise précisément autour de Gorongosa, alimentant un vieil imaginaire collectif autour de la symbolique d’un espace naturel dont le contrôle (ou du moins la prévention des attaques) est synonyme de victoire militaire et de domination politique à l’échelle nationale. Alors même que le pays est officiellement dans une situation de post-conflit, que le mandat de maintien de la paix des troupes des Nations unies au Mozambique a pris fin en 1995, que le Mozambique est depuis lors considéré comme un « chouchou des bailleurs », que le parc national de Gorongosa est géré dans le cadre d’un partenariat public-privé largement financé par une fondation philanthropique, c’est bien le conflit, ou la possibilité du conflit, qui innerve le quotidien en général, et l’action publique de la conservation en particulier. Cet article interroge ainsi sur la longue durée le caractère profondément indéterminé de la notion de « sortie de guerre », en analysant la relation élastique entre politiques publiques de conservation et permanence de la guerre.
Partie I. Europe/monde : accords ou récession
Authors: Département analyse et prévision  , Heyer Éric , Timbeau Xavier
Published: February 2020

Après un pic de croissance en 2017, l’activité économique mondiale donne des signes d’essoufflement. En 2018, le PIB mondial a progressé de 3,3 % contre 3,5 % un an plus tôt. Les nuages ont continué à s’accumuler au cours du premier semestre 2019 en lien avec des tensions géopolitiques accrues. En Europe, les conditions du Brexit restent incertaines et la situation politique en Italie connaît de nouveaux rebondissements. La guerre commerciale sino-américaine se poursuit et un nouveau front entre les États-Unis et l’Europe s’ouvre, élevant le degré d’incertitude. Les enquêtes de confiance se sont dégradées, en particulier dans l’industrie, touchée également par une crise du secteur automobile. Dans un contexte marqué par la poursuite du changement de modèle de croissance chinois et la perspective de fin du cycle d’expansion en Allemagne ou aux États-Unis, ces différents signaux laissent entrevoir la poursuite et l’amplification du ralentissement en 2019 et 2020. La croissance a déjà perdu 1,8 point dans la zone euro entre la fin de l’année 2017 et mi-2019 avec une forte chute de la croissance allemande. Aux États-Unis, l’évolution récente reflète un atterrissage de la croissance mais à un niveau qui reste supérieur à celui de la zone euro. La croissance a été plus volatile au Royaume-Uni, alors que les conditions du Brexit ne sont toujours pas éclaircies. Après un bon premier trimestre, le PIB a reculé au deuxième trimestre. Parmi les pays émergents, l’Inde et la Chine voient leur croissance diminuer. La situation sur le marché du travail ne reflète pas encore cette dégradation du climat conjoncturel. Les taux de chômage ont baissé dans la plupart des pays, atteignant des points historiquement bas comme aux États-Unis ou en Allemagne ou retrouvant le niveau d’avant la Grande récession comme dans la zone euro. L’évolution de la croissance mondiale est donc suspendue à des accords politiques et commerciaux qui n’ont pu être finalisés jusqu’ici. Le risque de négociations rompues sur le commerce ou d’un Brexit précipité provoquerait une récession au Royaume-Uni et entraînerait la croissance mondiale dans une zone de turbulences bien plus fortes avec un risque de récession. Dans ce contexte se pose la question de la capacité des autorités monétaires et budgétaires à amortir le ralentissement et une éventuelle récession. La baisse des taux redonne de fait des marges de manœuvre aux pays européens pour mener des politiques de soutien à la croissance.
Inégalités sociales et écologiques
Authors: Bourg Dominique
Published: February 2020

Nous proposons ici de revenir sur certains des moments forts du développement de la pensée écologique et de rappeler la place qu’y a prise ou non la question des inégalités sociales. L’article montre notamment qu’avec l’entrée dans l’Anthropocène, il n’est plus possible de séparer les questions écologiques des questions de justice, et qu’il convient de distinguer les inégalités environnementales, locales, des inégalités écologiques, globales.
Nurses’ Attitudes Toward People with Mental Illnesses in a Psychiatric Hospital in Singapore
Authors: Tay Sim-Eng Clara , Pariyasami Santhathevi D/O , Ravindran Kandasamy , Ali Mohd Ismail Ayyoo , Rowsudeen Mohd Thameen
Published: February 2020

A positive attitude toward people with mental illnesses is a necessary dimension of psychiatric nursing practice. Although studies have been conducted in Israel and Australia to examine the attitudes of nurses toward people with mental illnesses, no such study had been conducted in Singapore. This study explored the factors influencing nurses’ attitudes toward and their involvement in caring for people with mental illnesses, and sought to establish the relevance and effects of mental health training on enhancing the nurses’ positive attitudes.

The study used a descriptive, self-administered questionnaire, which contained 24 statements scored on a Likert scale. Factors related to attitudes toward people with mental illnesses included age, professional qualification, years of psychiatric nursing experience, type of ward, and designation (i.e., position within the institution). The questionnaires were given to all of the local nurses working in a psychiatric hospital in Singapore, and 96% returned the questionnaires.

Results showed that nurses with any of the following characteristics had a more positive attitude: age group of 31 to 50; professional qualification of advanced diploma in mental health nursing, nursing degree, or post-basic certificate; or more than 10 years of psychiatric nursing experience. In addition, nursing officers had a more positive attitude than staff nurses or assistant nurses, and nurses working in the short-stay wards had more positive attitudes than those working in the long-stay wards.

Ms. Tay is Nurse Clinician, Ms. Pariyasami is Nurse Educator, Ms. Ravindran is Nursing Officer, and Ms. Ali and Ms. Rowsudeen were members of the Nursing Department, Institute of Mental Health, Woodbridge Hospital, Singapore.

The authors wish to acknowledge the following professionals for their support and guidance: Ms. Mary Yeo Kim Luang, Ms. Yeo Soo Gim, Associate Professor Chong Siow Ann, Ms. Mythily Subramaniam, Mr. Michael Wee, Ms. Tan Lay Wu, and Ms. Thavamani Ammavasi. They also thank all of the nursing staff of Woodbridge Hospital for completing the survey forms.

Address correspondence to Sim-Eng Clara Tay, RN, RMN, BHSc, Grad. Dip. Psychotherapy, Nurse Clinician, Nursing Department (Ward 33A), Institute of Mental Health, Woodbridge Hospital, 10 Buangkok View, Singapore 539747; e-mail:
sim_eng_tay@imh.com.sg.
The role of actors’ cooperation, local anchoring and innovation in creating culinary tourism experiences in the rural Slovenian Mediterranean
Authors: Kumer Peter , Pipan Primož , Šmid Hribar Mateja , Razpotnik Visković Nika
Published: February 2020

Food-related experiences are becoming increasingly important for destination choice in particular in the rural Mediterranean hinterland. In contrast to the mass tourism in littoral areas, the development of hinterland tourism has more favourable consequences for the local population. The paper examines culinary experiences in the rural Slovenian Mediterranean as a possible driver of sustainable tourism development. We collected 213 culinary experiences and further explored 10 of them by the following three aspects: cooperation of actors from the local environment, embedment of the local community and innovative approaches. The qualitative approach comprised field work, short interviews and in-depth interviews. We found a linkage between the types of culinary experiences and the types of organizers and established that innovation plays an important role in their success. //
Pomen sodelovanja akterjev, vpetost v lokalno okolje in inovativnost pri ustvarjanju kulinaričnih turističnih izkušenj na ruralnem slovenskem Sredozemlju
S hrano povezane izkušnje postajajo vedno pomembnejše pri izbiri destinacij, zlasti v ruralnem zaledju Sredozemlja. V nasprotju od masovnega turizma v obmorskih krajih ima razvoj turizma v zaledju več pozitivnih učinkov na lokalno prebivalstvo. Članek povzema raziskavo kulinaričnih izkušenj v ruralnem delu slovenskega Sredozemlja kot potencialnega gonila trajnostnega razvoja turizma. Zabeležili smo 213 kulinaričnih izkušenj, med njimi pa smo jih s treh vidikov podrobneje raziskali deset: z vidika sodelovanja akterjev v lokalnem okolju, vpetosti v lokalno skupnost in inovativnosti pristopov. Kvalitativni pristop je vključeval delo na terenu, kratke intervjuje in poglobljene intervjuje. Ugotovili smo povezavo med tipi kulinaričnih izkušenj in tipi organizatorjev ter pomen inovativnosti za njihovo uspešnost.
Entre nouveauté et complexité : enseigner l’EPS dans une perspective interdisciplinaire
Authors: Roy Dimitri Le , Trohel Jean , Attali Michaël
Published: February 2020

Dans une école contemporaine bercée par le concept d’interdisciplinarité tant au niveau professionnel, qu’institutionnel et scientifique, nous nous intéressons – dans le cadre théorique et méthodologique du cours d’action – aux préoccupations d’un professeur d’EPS durant son premier enseignement transversal. Après avoir filmé les leçons et réalisé des entretiens d’autoconfrontation avec l’enseignant, nous nous sommes intéressés aux moyens, natures, finalités et temporalités de ses préoccupations transversales. Concrètement, elles sont de quatre ordres : inter, pluri, trans et codisciplinaires. Si les préoccupations inter et transdisciplinaires sont rares mais présentes en début d’EPI, elles deviennent ensuite majoritairement pluridisciplinaires. Chacune d’elle facilite, au moyen d’outils pédagogiques différents, l’atteinte de finalités éducatives distinctes. Ces résultats sont ensuite discutés selon une visée transformative dans l’intention de bénéfices pédagogiques.
Optimization of Process Parameters in Micro-Electrochemical Discharge Machining by Using Grey Relational Analysis
Authors: Kumar Nitesh , Bishwakarma Harish , Sharma Prasenjit , Singh Purshottam Kumar , Das Alok Kumar
Published: February 2020

Micro-electrochemical discharge machining is hybrid machining process which is based on combined principle of electro discharge machining and electro chemical machining. It is suitable for machining of both conductive as well as non-conductive materials. In this study a micro hole drilled on Ti-6Al-4V as work piece by varying machining parameters like electrolyte concentration, voltage and duty factor at three different levels. Orthogonal array L9 considered for design and performing experiments. The Grey relation analysis (GRA) was performed to optimize the output parameters i.e. material removal rate (MRR) and hole tapper angle (HTA). The result reveals that voltage was the most significant factor for both MRR and HTA followed by electrolyte concentration and duty factor. The maximum MRR and minimum taper angle are 1.50 mg/min and 0.98 ° obtained respectively. The GRA show optimal machining parameters at electrolyte concentration 3M, voltage 40 V and duty factor 25% respectively.
Tensile Toughness Characteristics of Cast Al-Zn-Mg Alloys Processed by Equal Channel Angular Pressing
Authors: Manjunath G.K. , Bhat K. Udaya , Kumar G.V. Preetham
Published: February 2020

In the current study, consequence of ECAP on the toughness characteristics of the Al-Zn-Mg alloys was studied. Three set of Al-Zn-Mg alloys (5, 10 and 15% Zn and 2% Mg) were selected and ECAPed. Also, consequence of zinc on the toughness characteristics of the alloy, before and after ECAP was studied. After ECAP, grain size of the alloys decreased and significant rise in the strength and ductility of the alloys were noticed. Mainly, modulus of toughness of the alloys increased with successive ECAP passes. But, the modulus of toughness of the alloys decreased with rise in the zinc in the material.
Synthesis and Characterization of Novel High Entropy Alloys
Authors: Kumar Anil , Vinith B. , Choudhary Aditya Kumar , Chopkar Manoj Kumar
Published: February 2020

High entropy alloys (HEAs) generally exhibit either high resistance to deformation or high toughness due to the presence of body-centered or face-centered cubic structure, respectively. To overcome these limitations, new high entropy alloys have been developed in the present study. This investigation aims to synthesis and characterization of novel CoCrFeNi3Si, CoCrFe2Ni2Si, and Co2CrFeNi2Si high entropy alloys. The mechanical alloying route is used to synthesize these alloys. Grinding was carried out to 20h and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis was done at different time intervals of grinding. The face-centered cubic structure along with the intermetallic compound of Ni-Si was observed after 20h of grinding. Furthermore, a pseudo binary strategy based on the valence electron concentration and mixing enthalpy is also employed to design the high entropy alloys considered in the present study. Carefully analysis of the XRD pattern indicates that from 5 to 20h of mechanical alloying there is a decrement in the initial peaks of elements observed.
Study on Ballistic Characteristics of Glass-Epoxy-Rubber Sandwiches
Authors: Sangamesh Rajole , Shivashankar Hiremath , Ravishankar K.S. , Kulkarni S.M.
Published: February 2020

This article focuses on the Finite Element (FE) analysis of the ballistic performance of the polymer composites consisting of natural rubber (NR), glass-epoxy (GE) and glass-rubber-epoxy (GRE) sandwich of different thicknesses (3, 6 and 9 mm) under the impact of the conical nose projectile for a velocity variation of (180, 220 and 260 m / s). FE modeling was carried out in direction to forecast the energy absorption, ballistic limit velocity and failure damage mode of the target materail. The significant influence of thickness, interlayer and sandwiching effect was studied: the lowest ballistic limit was obtained for 3 mm thick GE. Energy absorption capacity of GRE sandwich was highest among the natural rubber and GE. In future, the work can be extended for the experimental validation purpose, so that these polymer composite materials could be utilized to defence sector for bullet-proofing.
A Study on the Mechanical Behavior of Jute-Epoxy Laminated Composite and its Hybrid
Authors: Dehury Janaki , Behera Alok , Biswas Sandhyarani
Published: February 2020

This study was designed to examine the consequences of lamination sequence, fiber orientation and hybridization on tensile, flexural, physical, and inter-laminar properties of Jute-epoxy laminated composites and its hybrid. These laminates are partially biodegradable hence environment-friendly. Here six laminated specimens were fabricated using hand lay-up techniques with 4 layers of fiber or 40% fiber loading as per the ASTM standard. Samples were prepared with three different orientation of 00, 300 and 600 to the loading direction. The experimental outcome revealed that composite with 300 fiber orientation gives a better result in flexural, microhardness, and interlaminar shear strength. Generally, Final failure was due to delamination, fiber pull-out, fiber failure or matrix cracking. Scanning electron micrographs were used for improved understanding of fracture mechanics. A substantial quantity of voids, improper alignment, fiber waviness and heterogeneous interface were found resulted in premature failure.
Free Vibration Analysis and Investigation of Mechanical Properties of Un-Damped Woven Roving Laminated Composite Plate Using Different Boundary Conditions
Authors: Sutar Mihir Kumar , Behera Subrat Kumar , Pattnaik Sarojrani
Published: February 2020

This paper presents a free vibration analysis of un-damped woven roving laminated composite plate using Classical Laminate Plate Theory (CLPT), for different boundary conditions. The fiber glass/epoxy woven roving laminated composite plates have been prepared using hand layup method. Three different fiber orientations have been considered for the fiber glass/epoxy laminated composite plate, having 50% each percentage by volume of glass and epoxy. Effects of fiber orientation on different mechanical properties such as density, hardness, impact strength and impact strength have been studied. Finite element modeling of the composite plates has been performed using different boundary conditions such as CCCC, CFCF, and CFFF and the fundamental frequencies obtained from the computational modeling have been compared with the available literature.
Synergetic Impact of Carbon Nanotube and/or Graphene Reinforcement on the Mechanical Performance of Glass Fiber/Epoxy Composite
Authors: Nuli Krishna Chaitanya , Fulmali Abhinav Omprakash , Nagesh Nagesh , Sen Bhaskar , Mahato Kishore Kumar , Prusty Rajesh Kumar , Ray Bankim Chandra
Published: February 2020

The exceptional and distinctive properties of the allotropes of carbonaceous nanomaterials like carbon nanotubes and graphene have attracted many researchers and engineers to enhance the performance of fibrous polymeric composites. This article extrapolates the synergetic impact of carbon nanotube (CNT) and multi-layered graphene (MLG) reinforcement onto the mechanical performance of glass fiber/epoxy composites. Magnetic stirring and ultra-sonication process have been carried out under optimized parameters for incorporation of CNT-MLG into the epoxy polymer. Incorporation of 0.1wt% of carbon nanotube to the glass fiber/epoxy composites enhances a flexural strength of 10% and addition of 0.1 wt. % of multi layered graphene to the glass fiber/ epoxy composites enhances a flexural strength of 6% when differentiated with neat GE. Embodiment of 0.1 wt. % CNT and MLG to the glass fiber/epoxy composites in three different ratios like 1:1, 1:2 and 2:1 showcases a 13%, 12.25% and 14.7% enhancement in the flexural strength respectively with respect to the neat glass fiber/epoxy composites when tested at room temperature. Among them, the ratio 2:1(CNT: MLG) contributes higher strength due to the combined action of high aspect ratio of CNT and higher specific surface area of multi-layered graphene thus, facilitating efficient stress transfer from matrix to the reinforcements. Thermal characterizations have been carried out using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The fractography of the samples is examined through the scanning electron microscope.
Gamma-Irradiation of E-Glass/Epoxy Composite: A Study of its Mechanical and Thermal Sustainability
Authors: Chakraverty Ananta Prasad , Beura Subhrajit , Mohanty Upendra Kumar , Mishra Subash Chandra , Biswal Bibhuti Bhusan
Published: February 2020

Glass fibre reinforced epoxy (GRE) composites, used as mechanical support and thermal insulators for superconducting magnets of fusion reactors, have been exposed to gamma irradiations at both higher and lower order ranges of doses. Hand layed E-glass fibre/epoxy composite samples, exposed to gamma-irradiations of cumulative doses of both low strength (10, 20, 30, 40, 50 and 60 kGy) and high strength (0.5, 2.5, 6.5, 8.5 and 10.5 MGy) reveal a huge lowering of the ILSS (inter laminar shear strength) for its exposure to low strength dose irradiation. However, improved ILSS values are recorded for high dose exposures. At both high and low doses of exposure to irradiation the Tg (glass transition temperature) got improved initially with a decreasing trend towards the later stages of exposures. Thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA) test reveals lowest initial decomposition temperature (IDT) for the composite sample irradiated to maximum dose (10.5 MGy). Activation energy () values of gamma-irradiated composite samples for thermal decomposition were found less compared to that for as-cured composite. FTIR spectra of irradiated samples reveal formation of oligomers confirming the trend of activation energy of irradiated composite. FESEM fractographs of the irradiated composite fracture samples reveal several modes of failure.
CNT Reinforced Laminated Composite under In-Plane Tensile Loading: A Finite Element Study
Authors: Bhowmik Krishnendu , Akhtar Shamim , Kalshyan Raj Kumar , Khutia Niloy , Roy Choudhury Amit
Published: February 2020

The present study is mainly aimed at investigating the distribution of in-plane stresses of a rectangular plate under localized uniform in-plane tensile loading through finite element analysis. The configuration used in the analysis is analogous to the case of premature failure of stiffened panel due to the termination of a stiffener in aircraft wing structure. In this current work, three different types of materials namely, isotropic, plain woven and transversely isotropic materials are being considered. Aluminium is taken as isotropic; high strength carbon/epoxy is being assigned as plain woven composite and carbon nanotube based hybrid composite is used as transversely isotropic material, due to their wide range of applications in aircraft structures. The effect of different materials on overall axial, transverse and shear stress distributions at different layers of the stiffened composite panels are demonstrated using finite element analyses. Further, the variations of these stresses along axial and transverse directions are also compared for different materials. It can be concluded from the present study that the peak stress developed near the load application zone should be incorporated in the design criteria of such plates to avoid failure.
Electromagnetic Characteristics of Shape Memory Spring
Authors: Devashena Thangaiyan , Dhanalakshmi K.
Published: February 2020

Electric impedance is widely used in imaging and detection techniques. The applications range from non-destructive testing, structural health monitoring, and geophysical imaging to medical imaging. The frequency of the signal used for the measurement ranges from less than 1 Hz to about 1 GHz. This paper addresses the measurement and evaluation of the phase dependent electrical resistance, inductance, capacitance, and impedance of a shape memory alloy (SMA) spring (BMX 150, Toki Corporation). The material characteristics can be obtained by means of their electromechanical impedance. Experimental procedures are implemented and the electrical characteristics are obtained for a wide range of frequency. The electrical resistance, inductance, impedances of the austenite and martensite phase are determined, also the quality factor of the Bio Metal coil to be (9.465 – 9.95) Ω and (10.358 – 10.8) Ω, (0.458 – 0.38) μH and (0.458 – 0.36) μH and, (9.47 – 10.24) Ω and (10.36 – 11.11) Ω respectively for the frequency range of 100 kHz - 1MHz. The quality factor of the Bio Metal ranges between 0.03 and 0.2 during heating and, 0.028 and 0.022 during the cooling phase. The experimental results herein show that an equivalent circuit of the SMA spring is a series resistor-inductor circuit with a parasitic capacitance effect. The electromagnetic behaviour of SMA is determined using a finite element tool.
Role of Exchange-Correlation Functional in Bulk Bismuth
Authors: Jena Soumyasree , Datta Sanjoy
Published: February 2020

Presence of Bismuth (Bi) leads to topologically nontrivial band structure in many materials, especially in topological insulators. Traditionally Bi is known to be a semimetal but, quite surprisingly, in a recent experiment bulk Bi has been found to be a superconductor below 0.53 mK at ambient pressure. In order to have a closer look at the electronic properties of bulk Bi in the wake of this unexpected experimental evidence of superconducting phase, we have performed density-functional-theory (DFT) based first principle calculations using plane-wave basis set and with suitable ionic pseudopotentials. We have computed the band structure, density of states and Fermi surfaces for two different type of exchange-correlation (XC) functionals, namely Perdew-Zunger (PZ) and Perdew-Burke-Ernzerhof (PBE) type. Each of these XC functional has been considered without and with spin orbit (SO) interaction. After carefully examining the energy-convergence with respect to plane wave basis set and k-points in each case, the band structure has been calculated along the path Γ-L-T-Γ. Without SO coupling, electron pocket is found near ‘L’ and exactly at ‘Г’ and hole pocket is at ‘T’ for PZ type XC functional, while in the case of PBE-type electron pocket is found exactly at ‘L’ but the hole pocket to be near to ‘T’. With SO coupling, in PZ-type, electron pocket remains at same position, but hole pocket appears only at ‘Г’ point. Finally, when SO coupling is taken into account along with PBE-type XC functional electrons and holes are found at ‘L’ and at ‘T’ respectively. Furthermore, in this case we also observe an increase in the number of holes at ‘T’.
Reduction in Surface Defect in Continuous Cast Slab through Intervention in Process Parameters
Authors: Roy Snehangshu , Singh R.K. , Keshari Kiran Kumar , Pradhan N. , Kumar M. , Gupta Antariksh , Patra R.K. , Shivshankar T.P. , Kiran R. , Mishra Basudev
Published: February 2020

Occurrence of defects like crack on the surface of the cast products has long been recognized as a critical challenge for steelmakers in the continuous casting. Cracks on the surface can severely reduce yield and required further operations like salvage and scarfing. Depending on the severity of defect slabs can be diverted or in worst cases a slab can be rejected altogether if the defect cannot be removed by surface conditioning. Rourkela Steel Plant (RSP) of Steel Authority of India Limited (SAIL) produces continuously cast slabs as feed material for plate mills and hot strip mill. Sometimes the slabs produced through continuous casting are faced issues intermittently due to presence surface defects like midface longitudinal cracks (LC) and transverse edge crack (EC) etc. A systematic investigation of the operating parameters of these casters e.g. monitoring of oscillation parameters, slabs and mould flux, simulation and analysis of fluid flow inside mould, steel chemistry and role of dissolve gases in steel. Based on the investigation critical parameters responsible for crack formation have been identified and key areas identified where modification need to be done. Modifications has been done in terms of mould flux addition practice, optimization of the grade chemistry, optimization of process route, optimization of casting speed, checking of strand thermal profile, mould & machine allignment etc. It was observed that the crack incidences are significantly lower after the modifications were done.
A Geriatric Pharmacy Resident's Clinical and Educational Activities During Weekly interprofessional Team Meetings
Authors: Hart Kristin M. , Gennari Amelia S. , Ruby Christine M.
Published: February 2020

OBJECTIVES: To describe and gather further details about the clinical and educational activities that were documented by the geriatric pharmacist resident during both weekly interprofessional Acute Care for the Elderly (ACE) rounds as well as bedside patient counseling. DESIGN:
Retrospective chart review (quality improvement project). SETTING: Inpatient geriatric service at University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC). PATIENTS: Medical learners selected one complex patient from the geriatric service for ACE rounds each week. ACTIVITIES:
The geriatric pharmacist resident provided clinical information and medication education to the interprofessional team and to the patient and/or family at their bedside. Activities were documented in a newly developed template. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Patient demographics, medication
categories, discrepancies and dosing changes, time-in-rounds, and team members. RESULTS: De-identified data from 18 patients (72.2% female, average age 82.5 ± 9.18 years) over a 6-month period were collected and analyzed. The geriatric pharmacist resident provided most education
to the team on antibiotics, antidepressants, over-thecounters (OTCs), and prescription pain medications during ACE rounds. They provided most education to the patient/family on prescription pain medications, antidepressants, OTCs, and anticoagulants. The pharmacist resident identified 38 medication
discrepancies (72.2% of patients had ≥ 1 discrepancy, range 0-7) and clinically significant drug-drug interactions in 15 patients. The pharmacist resident recommended dosing changes in 12 patients and therapeutic alternatives in 11 patients. The ACE rounds lasted on average 26.6 [±
6.42] minutes and included medicine, pharmacy, social work, nurse case management, nursing, and nutrition and rehabilitative services when necessary. CONCLUSION: The results provide insight into both the clinical and educational activities of the geriatric pharmacist resident in
support of interprofessional rounds.
Aerosol immission maps and trends over Germany with hourly data at four rural
background stations from 2009 to 2018
Authors: Heintzenberg Jost , Birmili Wolfram , Hellack Bryan , Merkel Maik , Spindler Gerald , Tuch Thomas , Weinhold Kay , Wiedensohler Alfred
Published: February 2020

Abstract. Ten years of hourly aerosol and gas data at four rural German stations have been combined with hourly back trajectories to the stations and inventories of the European EDGAR emission database yielding immission maps over Germany of PM10, particle number concentrations, and equivalent black carbon (eBC). The maps reflect aerosol emissions modified with atmospheric processes during transport between sources and receptor sites. Compared to emission maps strong Western European emission centers do not necessarily dominate the downwind concentrations because their emissions are reduced by atmospheric processes on the way to the receptor area. PM10, eBC, and to some extent also particle number concentrations are rather controlled by emissions from Southeastern Europe from which pollution transport often occurs under dryer conditions. Newly formed particles are found in air masses from a broad sector reaching from Southern Germany to Western Europe which we explain with gaseous particle precursors coming with little wet scavenging from this region. Annual emissions for 2009 of PM10, BC, SO2, and NOx were accumulated along each trajectory and compared with the corresponding measured time series. The agreement of each pair of time series was optimized by varying monthly factors and annual factors on the 2009 emissions. This approach yielded broader summer emission minima than published values that were partly displaced from the midsummer positions. For BC, SO2, and NOx stronger emission-reductions were determined than what GEA and EEA reported. These findings are emphasized with 2017 as endpoint of the trend from which on our study shows emission increases. Comparing calculated trends with emission trends in neighboring countries as published by EEA supports the explanation that the observed trends are to some extent due to changes in imported air masses. Most strongly this holds for SO2, the trend of which follows that of Romanian emissions rather well.
PTR-TOF-MS eddy covariance measurements of isoprene and monoterpene fluxes from an Eastern Amazonian rainforest
Authors: Sarkar Chinmoy , Guenther Alex B. , Park Jeong-Hoo , Seco Roger , Alves Eliane , Batalha Sarah , Santana Raoni , Kim Saewung , Smith James , Tóta Julio , Vega Oscar
Published: February 2020

Abstract. Biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) are important components of the atmosphere due to their contribution to atmospheric chemistry and biogeochemical cycles. Tropical forests are the largest source of the dominant BVOC emissions (e.g. isoprene and monoterpenes). In this study, we report isoprene and total monoterpene flux measurements with a proton transfer reaction time-of-flight mass spectrometer (PTR-TOF-MS) using the eddy covariance (EC) method at the Tapajós National Forest (−2.857°S, −54.959°W), a primary rainforest in eastern Amazonia. Measurements were carried out from 1–16 June 2014, during the wet to dry transition season. During the measurement period, the measured daytime (06:00–18:00 LT) average isoprene mixing ratios and fluxes were 1.15 ± 0.60 ppb and 0.55 ± 0.71 mg C m−2 h−1, respectively, whereas the measured daytime average total monoterpenes mixing ratios and fluxes were 0.14 ± 0.10 ppb and 0.20 ± 0.25 mg C m−2 h−1, respectively. Midday (10:00–14:00 LT) average isoprene and total monoterpenes mixing ratios were 1.70 ± 0.49 ppb and 0.24 ± 0.05 ppb, respectively whereas midday average isoprene and monoterpene fluxes were 1.24 ± 0.68 mg C m−2 h−1 and 0.46 ± 0.22 mg C m−2 h−1, respectively. Isoprene and total monoterpene emissions in Tapajós were correlated with ambient temperature and solar radiation. Significant correlation with sensible heat flux, SHF (r2 = 0.77), was also observed. Measured isoprene and monoterpene fluxes were strongly correlated with each other (r2 = 0.93). The MEGAN2.1 model could simulate most of the observed diurnal variations (r2 = 0.7 to 0.8) but declined a little later in the evening for both isoprene and total monoterpene fluxes. The results also demonstrate the importance of site-specific vegetation emission factors (EFs) for accurately simulating BVOC fluxes in regional and global BVOC emission models.
Is the near-spherical shape the new black for smoke?
Authors: Gialitaki Anna , Tsekeri Alexandra , Amiridis Vassilis , Ceolato Romain , Paulien Lucas , Kampouri Anna , Gkikas Antonis , Solomos Stavros , Marinou Eleni , Haarig Moritz , Baars Holger , Ansmann Albert , Lapyonok Tatyana , Lopatin Anton , Dubovik Oleg , Groß Silke , Wirth Martin , Balis Dimitris
Published: February 2020

Abstract. We examine the capability of near-spherical-shaped particles to reproduce the non-typical Particle Linear Depolarization Ratio (PLDR) values measured over Europe for stratospheric smoke originating from Canadian wildfires. The smoke layers were detected both in the troposphere and the stratosphere, though in the latter case the particles presented PLDR values of almost 18 % at 532 nm as well as a strong spectral dependence from the UV to the Near-IR. The assumption that the smoke particles have a near-spherical shape allows for the reproduction of the observed PLDR and Lidar Ratio (LR), whereas this was not possible when using more complicated shapes. The results presented here are supported by recent findings in the literature, showing that up to now the near-spherical shape (or closely similar shapes) is the only morphology found capable of reproducing the observed intensive optical properties of stratospheric smoke, as well as their spectral dependence.