bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tinjauan Yuridis Terhadap Tindak Pidana Perkosaan Dalam Perspektif Hak Asasi Manusia
Authors: Novitasari Kadek Dwi , Widiati Ida Ayu Putu , Laba I Nengah
Published: November 2020

Abstrak—Tindak pidana perkosaan merupakan kasus yang paling banyak terjadi di Indonesia. Perkosaan merupakan suatu tindak kejahatan yang sangat keji, amoral, tercela dan melanggar norma dimana yang menjadi korban adalah perempuan baik dewasa maupun anak di bawah umur. Perkosaan melanggar Hak Asasi Manusia (HAM) khususnya bagi kaum perempuan. Adapun rumusan masalah yang diangkat adalah bagaimana perlindungan hukum terhadap perempuan yang menjadi korban perkosaan dalam perspektif hak asasi manusia dan bagaimana sanksi pidana yang diterapkan terhadap pelaku tindak pidana perkosaan. Jenis penelitian ini merupakan penelitian dengan pendekatan permasalahan perundang-undangan dan konseptual. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa perlindungan hukum yang dapat diberikan terhadap perempuan yang menjadi korban tindak kekerasan/pelecehan seksual diatur dalam Pasal 285 KUHP dan Undang-Undang No. 13 Tahun 2006 khususnya dalam Pasal 5, Pasal 8, dan Pasal 9 yang secara umum berupa perlindungan dan hak saksi dan korban. Korban tindak kekerasan seksual memiliki hak-hak yang wajib ditegakkan, rasa sakit hati, penderitaan, ketakutan, dan berbagai macam dampak buruk yang menimpa dirinya pasca perkosaan dan perlu mendapat perhatian serius. Sedangkan sanksi pidana terhadap pelaku tindak pidana perkosaan telah diatur secara umum dalam Pasal 285 KUHP yang diancam hukuman dua belas tahun penjara.
Computational studies of drugs for possible action against Covid-19 infections
Authors: Mishra Ganesh Prasad , Panigrahi Debadash
Published: November 2020

SARS-Cov-2 has emerged highly contagious viral infections so far and posed a global threat with significant human casualties and severe economic losses. There is urgent demand to develop rational therapies to control the drastic spread of the virus. Although there is no specific regimens are available to combat this pandemic situation so far. An attempt was made to perform Insilco studies of drugs applicable to respiratory tract infections with crucial SARS-COV-2 main protease (M-pro) enzyme. Insilco docking study was performed with Molegro Virtual Docker 5.5    on number of available medications of different categories specified for respiratory tract infections.Result indicates that Azithromycin, Dexamethasone and Remdesivir are highly effective and mainly interacted with key amino acid residues with hydrogen bonds and displayed excellent docking score -133, -141 and -153 kcal/mole respectively.

This study advocates the possible use Azithromycin, Dexamethasone and Remdesivir drugs in combination to battle this pandemic condition. Further, this study will provide rationalized drugs and target for further in vitro and in vivo studies of SARS-CoV-2, new insights for those drugs currently ongoing clinical studies, and also possible new strategies for drug repositioning to treat SARS-CoV-2 infections.

Keywords: Viruses, SARS-COV-2, Covid-19, Drugs, Computational docking Studies, Drug Design
Dietary Patterns and Oxidative Stress in a Population of Women with Breast Cancer in the North-Western Regions of Algeria (Saida and El-Bayadh)
Authors: Halla Noureddine , Boucherit Kebir , Hachem Kadda , Asmouni Amouria , Derrab Hanane , Boucherit-Otmani Zahia
Published: November 2020

Objective: The aim of this work is the study of risk factors for breast cancer in a population of women in the north-western regions of Algeria (Saida and El-Bayadh)

Methodology: A case-control study was carried out on 40 women including 20 cancerous women and 20 control women, in order to determine the dietary patterns and general characteristics of the population studied and to compare the hematological and biochemical parameters, and markers of oxidative/antioxidant status between control women and breast cancer women.

Results: The results obtained show that there is no significant difference in the average age however the body mass index was significantly increased in cancer women, revealing overweight (p <0.05), compared to control women. The marital status of the target population is predominantly a married woman status and the level of education shows a relatively low level in breast cancer cases compared to women controls. The illiteracy rate is exceptionally high in cancer women compared to controls (35% versus 20%). In addition, the levels of glucose, creatinine, HDL and ALAT are similar between the two groups of women. The contents of urea, cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL, ASAT, malondialdehyde and uric acid are significantly increased in women with breast cancer compared to women controls. But the vitamin C content is significantly reduced in cancer women compared to control women.

Conclusion: We conclude from this study that there is an association between breast cancer and lipid alteration, oxidative stress, age, increase in BMI, socio-demographic data, professional situation, age, means of menstruation and menopause, and ultimately the lifestyle. All these factors are risk factors for breast cancer in the region of Saida and El-Bayadh.

Keywords: Breast Cancer, Risk Factors, Dietary Patterns, Oxidative Stress.
Research of the Causes and Risk Factors of Autism in the Western Region of Algeria
Authors: Mehida Hayet , Meziani Samira , Mehida Wahiba , Zemri Khalida , Bekhaled Imene , Bendahmane Malika
Published: November 2020

Introduction Autism is a neurodevelopmental disorder that manifests before 3 years old and affects many areas, communication, social interactions and behaviors. In Algeria, there has not yet been a regional or national epidemiological investigation concerning autism spectrum disorders. Materials and methods: Our study was carried about 100 patients ( autistic children) in the western region of Algeria, in order to determine the differents risk factors involved in the onset of autism syndrome. Results and discussion: The obtained results indicate a male predominance with a sex ratio of 4: 1 and the degree of reached is average in 44% of patients. 42% of the patients are youngsters. Parents' worry about their children begins  between 24 and 36 months. The parents' advanced age at conception, stress, presence of certain pathologies and drug intake by mothers, as well as fetal distress at birth and children's exposure to screens were the main risk factors. Repetitive movements, lack of social communication, language delay, and lack of visual fixation were the main clinical symptomatology. Conclusion: This study allowed us to detect the main factors associated with the onset of autism. However, the results obtained cannot be generalized to the entire population. Keywords: Autism, autism spectrum disorder, risk factors, clinical symptoms, western region of Algeria.
Phenolic compounds of Pyrus communis fruit methanol extract and evaluation of antioxidant activity
Authors: Saoudi Soulef , Khennouf Seddik , Mayouf Nozha
Published: November 2020

Pear (Pyrus communis.) fruit is popular among consumers due to its high nutritive value, good taste and low caloric level. This study examined polyphenolic content, antioxidant activity and phenolic profile of methanol extract of Pyrus communis fruit. Extract were screened for possible antioxidant activities using free radical scavenging activity of DPPH, hydroxyl scavenging activity and reducing power assays. This extract contain high polyphenolic and flavonoids contents (172.5 ± 0.005 mg GAE/g dry extract and 5.34 ± 0.003mg QE/g dry extract) respectively. Similarly, this extract showed high antioxidant activity using DPPH, hydroxyl radical scavenging and reducing power with an IC50 value of 0.682 ± 0.022 mg/ml, 0.47 ± 0.06 mg/ml and 1.17 ± 0.029 mg/ml respectively. The phenolic profile in the methanolic extracts was investigated using Ultra high liquid chromatography (UPLC). Four different phenolic acids gallic acid, chlorogenic acid, hydroxybenzoic acid and protocatechuic acid have been identified. Some flavonoids have also been identified such as rutin and kaempherol derivative. In conclusion, the present study showed that Pyrus communis exhibited good antioxidant activity which is probably related to phenolics and flavonoids present in the extract.

Keywords: Pyrus communis, phenolic compounds, flavonoids, antioxidant activity.
Pemanfaatan Pangan Lokal Sebagai Upaya Mewujudkan Ketahanan Pangan Melalui Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat di Desa Rasau Jaya III
Authors: Fadly Dzul , Dewi Yohana Sutiknyawati Kusuma , Lestari Oke Anandika
Published: November 2020

Desa Rasau Jaya III merupakan bagian wilayah Kecamatan Rasau Jaya Kabupaten Kubu Raya yang melimpah akan hasil buah-buahan. Pisang merupakan buah yang memiliki tingkat produksi tertinggi di Kecamatan tersebut. Tingginya produksi pisang belum diimbangi dengan pemanfaatannya sebagai bahan pangan dan ditambah lagi pisang memiliki umur simpan yang singkat. Oleh sebab itu kegiatan Pengabdian Kepada Masyarat di Desa Rasau Jaya III dengan ibu-ibu anggota Pemberdayaan Kesejahteraan Keluarga (PKK) ini memiliki tujuan mewujudkan ketahanan pangan melalui pemanfaatan pisang sebagai pangan lokal menjadi  bahan baku pembuatan es krim. Hasil pelaksanaan program menunjukkan bahwa tingkat kesukaan, tingkat kesulitan pengolahan, dan tingkat kemungkinan pengulangan dalam membuat es krim pisang menurut peserta secara berurutan adalah tingkat penerimaan rasa yang baik ( 27% sangat suka dan 73% suka); tingkat kesulitan rendah yang tinggi (20% sangat mudah, 70% mudah, dan 10% agak mudah); dan seluruh peserta menyatakan akan mengulang praktik pengolahan es krim pisang tersebut. Dengan demikian, pengolahan pisang sebagai bahan baku es krim diharapkan dapat meningkatkan upaya perwujudan ketahanan pangan dan meningkatkan konsumsi buah di tingkat keluarga.
Analysis of Macro Nutrient on Rono Fish (Xenopoecilus oophorus) Freshwater
Authors: Melego Delviana , Napitupulu Mery , Walanda Daud K.
Published: November 2020

Fish are assumed to have high nutritional value with mineral content, vitamins, fats, and proteins containing essential amino acids that are needed for growth and human intelligence. One type of them is rono fish (Xenopoecilus oophorus) freshwater which is an endemic fish that comes from lake Poso, Central Sulawesi and still found in traditional markets of Tentena city, but the local community is less interested in this type of fish and the lack of literature that informs about the nutritional content of rono fish. The research aims to determine the macronutrient content in rono fish. The nutrient content analyzed in fish was on carbohydrates, proteins, and fats by using the anthrone sulfate method for carbohydrate analysis, Kjeldahl method for protein, and for fat analysis using the soxhlet method. The results of the analysis obtained that macronutrient in freshwater rono fish was followed carbohydrate was 9.26%, the protein was 37.79% and fat was 11.92%.
Implementation of Problem Based Learning (PBL) Model toward Students’ Learning Outcomes in the Class XI IPA on Colloid Material at SMA Negeri 9 Palu
Authors: Almaidah Almaidah , Abram Paulus H. , Diah Anang W. M.
Published: November 2020

Problem-based learning (PBL) is a learning model where students learn through practical problems related to the real life. The students conducted to solve the problems solving being discussed through a series of learning systematically. This study aimed to improve the learning outcomes of students in the class XI IPA through the implementation of PBL model on colloid material at SMA Negeri 9 Palu. This study was pre-experimental research with one group pretest-posttest design. This study was conducted by using one group observed at the pretest stage and then continued with posttest to the students of class XI IPA 1 as experiment 1 (n = 26) and students of class XI IPA 2 as experiment 2 (n = 25). The data was analyzed using descriptive statistics by calculating of N-Gain Index. The results showed that the implementation of PBL learning model improved students’ learning outcomes in the class XI IPA on colloid material at SMA Negeri 9 Palu.
Analysis of Iron (Fe) and Potassium (K) in Red Gedi (Abelmoschus manihot L.) Leaves
Authors: Bandola Betrilia N. , Napitupulu Mery , Hamzah Baharuddin
Published: November 2020

Gedi is one of the common plants grown in Sulawesi. People recognize the two types of gedi, namely, green gedi and red gedi. The use of red gedi leaves is traditionally believed to cure several diseases, one of these diseases is anemia and as an alternative treatment such as to prevent heart disease. This study aimed to determine the levels of iron (Fe) and potassium (K) that contains in red gedi leaves (Abelmoschus manihot L.). Iron and potassium contents were determined using an atomic absorption spectrophotometer (SSA). The average iron content of red gedi leaves from Tentena was 9,760 mg/100 g and from Lasoani was 9,668 mg/100 g while the average potassium content of the red gedi leaves from Tentena was 3,882 mg/100g and from Lasoani was 3,445 mg/100 g.
Phytochemical Screening and Antioxidant Activity Test of Red Onion (Allium ascolinicum L.) Extract Variety of Palu Valley
Authors: Juwita Rimah , Walanda Daud K. , Supriadi Supriadi
Published: November 2020

The red onion of Palu valley variety is a plant that is widely found in Palu area and regarded as a leading commodity in Central Sulawesi. The purpose of this study was to examine the secondary metabolite compounds contained in red onion (Allium ascolinicum L.) of Palu valley variety and its antioxidant activity. Antioxidant activity test in this study used DPPH (1,1-Diphenyl-2-Pikrilhidrazil) as a source of free radical, and vitamin C as the comparison. The antioxidant activity of red onion extract was analyzed using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer. The red onion tuber powder was extracted by maceration using ethanol solvent. Qualitative test of onion powder showed positive results on alkaloids, flavonoids, and tannin compounds. The samples and vitamin C were tested for antioxidant activity in various extract concentrations of 10, 30, 50, 70, and 90 ppm. The results showed that red onion extract of Palu valley variety presented an IC50 value of 38.548 ppm, and vitamin C presented an IC50 value of 22.646 ppm. Based on these values, the red onion (Allium ascolinicum L.) extract is categorized as a very strong class of antioxidant which can be used as a source of natural antioxidant.
Antioxidant Activity Test of Ethanol and Water Extracts of Celery (Apium graveolens L.)
Authors: Nurmiati Nurmiati , Nuryanti Siti , Tahril Tahril
Published: November 2020

This study aimed to determine the antioxidant activity of ethanol and water extracts of celery (Apium graveolens L.). Antioxidant activity test in this study used DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazine) as a source of free radicals and vitamin C as a positive control. The antioxidant activity of celery extracts was analyzed using a UV-VIS spectrophotometer. Celery powder was extracted by firstly the maceration method using different solvents (ethanol and water) and secondly with the decoction method using water solvents. Celery extract was tested for antioxidant activity with various concentrations of 20, 40, 60, and 80 ppm. The results obtained that water extract (maceration) had a very strong antioxidant power with 23.713 ppm of IC50 values, for ethanol extract (maceration) had a strong antioxidant power with 59.492 ppm of IC50 value, water extract (dekok) had also a very strong antioxidant with 77.446 ppm of IC50 value, and vitamin C had a very strong antioxidant power with 15.631 ppm of an IC50 value. Based on the IC50 value obtained, the water extract by the maceration method was very good to be used as a source of natural antioxidants, because it had a very strong antioxidant activity value which was equivalent to vitamin C.
Utilization of Kalpataru Flower Extract (Hura crepitans Linn) as an Alternative Acid Base Indicator
Authors: Riswanto Bayu , Aminah Sitti
Published: November 2020

Kalpataru flower (Hura crepitans Linn) is an anthocyanin-containing plant. This study aims to utilize extract from the kalpataru flower as an alternative acid base indicator and determine the type of acid-base titration suitable for extracting the kalpataru flower indicator. Kalpataru flowers are macerated with methanol solvent for around 2 hours. Kalpataru flower extract was tested as an indicator in acid-base solution, buffer, and compared with phenolphthalein and methyl orange for acid-base titration, namely: strong acids with strong bases, weak acids with strong bases, and weak bases with strong acids. The results obtained in this study were: indicator extract of brownish yellow kalpataru flowers, in strong red acids, in strong bases of dark green, in weak pink acids, and in weak bases in light green. In the buffer, the indicator extract of the kalpataru flower has a range of pH pH 4-5 (pink-colorless) and pH 9-11 (yellowish green-dark green). The indicator of kalpataru flower extract can be used on strong acid titration with strong bases, weak acids with strong bases and weak bases with strong acids. Kalpataru flower extract can be used as an acid-base indicator.
Aspectos sociales para fomentar la permanencia en las instituciones de educación superior en ambientes virtuales de aprendizaje
Authors: Giraldo Vargas Guillermo , Hincapié López Henry , Serna Porras Nelson Augusto
Published: November 2020

Las acciones realizadas para propiciar la permanencia de los estudiantes en los programas de educación superior son muy variadas y van desde políticas definidas por el ministerio de educación nacional (men), hasta estrategias diseñadas por las instituciones de educación superior (ies). Lo que ocurre es que estas acciones en su mayoría se han orientado a facilitarle a los estudiantes, la mejor manera de superar la incidencia que tienen los factores económicos en la permanencia de sus estudios, y muy pocas se enfocan en aspectos considerados menores, pero que pueden llegar a contribuir en permanencia de los estudiantes, al valorar los talentos o hobbies con que cuentan los estudiantes. Por lo tanto, este documento de trabajo muestra la importancia que algunos factores sociales de la vida universitaria pueden llegar a tener en la permanencia de los estudiantes en sus programas académicos matriculados, lo cual no se aleja de lo que deben hacer las instituciones. Este trabajo es fruto de una investigación no experimental, descriptiva y transversal que permitió describir los factores que más incidencia tienen en la decisión de abandonar o permanecer en un programa matriculado de la escuela ecacen, además de recolectar información primaria de estudiantes catalogados como antiguos, y una revisión detallada otras investigaciones acerca del fenómeno de la deserción, sin embargo es necesario señalar que para el caso de este documento de trabajo se seleccionan solo las preguntas relacionadas con los talentos que poseen los estudiantes y las que indagan acerca de la motivación para permanecer en los programas. De esta manera, se encuentra que los talentos o hobbies que poseen los estudiantes pueden ser utilizados para propiciar un mejor ambiente universitario y contribuir a la permanencia en sus programas, además de verificar que el desarrollo de estos talentos, que también ayudan a la realización del ser humano, puede ser impulsado por las instituciones de educación superior.
Factores que impidieron el crecimiento de las microempresas constituidas entre los años 2005 a 2010 en la ciudad de Popayán
Authors: Beltrán Rodríguez Fabiola , Caicedo Yudith
Published: November 2020

Si bien es cierto que cada año en la ciudad de popayán, se registran en promedio 900 empresas ante la cámara de comercio, empresas que decidieron legalizarse o que inician su emprendimiento, también es visible que aproximadamente el 50% de ellas no renuevan su matrícula mercantil después de los 10 años de supervivencia, esto teniendo en cuenta datos suministrados por la cámara de comercio del cauca, esta es la razón principal que da pie a esta investigación; por medio de la cual se pretende encontrar los factores que impiden el crecimiento de las microempresas en la ciudad de popayán tomando como objeto de estudio las constituidas entre el año 2005 y el año 2010 en la ciudad de popayán. Muy seguramente nos encontraremos con microempresas que han cumplido con los requisitos legales para seguir en el mercado pero que no han crecido como empresa sino simplemente han sobrevivido; si a tiempo detectamos las razones por las que no han crecido tal vez podemos evitar sus cierres. Sin lugar a duda las microempresas hacen un gran aporte en el empleo del país, según el informe de confecamaras, en el 2.019 ocuparon el 99.6% del total de empresas registradas (http://www.confecamaras.org.co/); pero algo está fallando, muchas cierran antes de completar el año de nacimiento y otras siguen vivas en el mercado pero igual de pequeñas e incluso más pequeñas que cuando iniciaron; las razones pueden ser muchas y gracias al aporte de los microempresarios podemos realizar un estudio que muy seguramente será de valiosa ayuda para quienes han decido emprender formando una microempresa en la ciudad de popayán. La investigación se fundamenta teóricamente en; la teoría de la organización, el enfoque contingente, teoría de la agencia, teoría de los costes, teoría del enfoque de recursos y capacidades y la teoría de la ventaja competitiva: de michael porter En cuanto a la metodología, se desarrolla con un enfoque cualitativo, alcance exploratorio, utilizando la entrevista como técnica y fuentes secundarias para la recolección de información correspondiente a cada uno de los objetivos planteados.
El emprendimiento en el marco de la gobernanza
Authors: Barrera Sánchez María Angélica
Published: November 2020

El sistema económico, político y social también ha venido sufriendo cambios constantes, por lo tanto se han visto en la obligación de evolucionar a la par con la globalización, a raíz de esto la gobernanza busca hacer frente a los problemas que surgen en la sociedad, partiendo del diseño y desarrollo de las políticas públicas para promover los emprendimientos en los que tanto los actores públicos como los privados pueden hacerse partícipes para dar una respuesta de manera equitativa a las necesidades actuales. Uno de los problemas que se aborda es que la economía presenta debilidades y que estas deben ser mitigadas por los actores políticos para salvaguardar el empleo, el crecimiento y el desarrollo económico a partir de los emprendimientos, sin embargo, debe involucrarse los actores sociales es decir los ciudadanos mediante mecanismos de participación. La finalidad del presente escrito es brindar las definiciones, características y establecer la relación entre la gobernanza, el emprendimiento y las políticas públicas como generadoras de crecimiento y desarrollo en pro de dar respuesta a las necesidades actuales.
Εlectrocardiographic and electrophysiological characteristics of idiopathic ventricular arrhythmias with acute successful ablation at the left ventricle basal inferoseptum near the mitral annulus
Authors: Di Chengye , Gao Peng , wang qun , wu yanxi , Lin Wenhua
Published: November 2020

Introduction: We sought to clarify the electrocardiographic and
electrophysiological characteristics of ventricular arrhythmias (VAs),
including idiopathic ventricular tachycardia (VT) and premature
ventricular contractions (PVCs), with acute successful radiofrequency
catheter ablation (RFCA) at the left ventricle basal inferoseptum near
the mitral annulus (LV-BIS-MA). Methods and Results: Twenty-five
patients with acute successful RFCA at the LV-BIS-MA were included in
this study. The S wave amplitudes on lead III during VAs were 1.54 ±
0.38 mV, significantly larger than that on lead II (0.55 ± 0.19 mV) and
aVF (1.04 ± 0.31 mV) (P < 0.01). The RFCA start-to-effect time
was 10.2 ± 5.8 seconds (s) in 21 patients (84.0%). In the remaining 4
patients (16.0%), the mean duration of successful RFCA was not well
determined due to infrequent nature of clinical VAs during ablation.
Trans-septal approach were utilized in all the 25 cases. Intra-cardiac
echocardiography (ICE) showed that the ablation catheter tip was
underneath the anterior leaflet of the mitral valve via the reversed
C‐curve technique. Early (within 3 days) and late (one-year) recurrence
rates were 4.0% (one patient) and 12.0% (three patients),
respectively. No complications occurred during RFCA or the one-year
follow up. CONCLUSION: LV-BIS-MA VAs are a subgroup of idiopathic VAs
with distinctive ECG and EP features. RFCA via a transseptal approach
using a reversed C curve technique is effective for better
identification and targeting the areas of VAs origin and ICE showed that
the ablation catheter tip was underneath the anterior leaflet of the
mitral valve.
Neurological complications in children with non-neurological malignancies: A single institution experience
Authors: Mishra Mukesh , Alam Areesha , Koonwar Sciddhartha , Kumar Archana , Garg Ravindra , Kumar Rashmi
Published: November 2020

Purpose: Central nervous system (CNS) involvement usually confers poor
prognosis in cancer. We aimed to estimate prevalence of
neurological-complications (NC) in children presenting with
non-neurological malignancy and to describe type, aetiology and outcome
of such complications Methods: A bidirectional cohort study of children
(1 month-15 years) with non-neurological malignancy was conducted at
tertiary-care teaching hospital, North India. Prevalence and spectrum of
NC was determined. Etiological diagnosis was made using neuroimaging,
cerebrospinal-fluid analysis, nerve-conduction velocity, history and
clinical examination. Results: A total of 1572 patients (870 with
haematological-malignancy; 55.6% and 702 with solid tumours; 44.4%)
were enrolled. Most of them presented within 5-10 years of age and were
males (72%). Overall frequency of NC was 10.5% (Haematological: 9.4%;
solid: 11.8%). Highest proportion of NC was seen in RB (17.2%),
followed by Neuroblastoma (16.6%), acute myeloid-leukaemia (AML)
(16.6%), Ewing’s sarcoma (16.1%) and Langerhans cell histiocytosis
(LCH) (14.2%). Frequent symptoms were seizures (30.9%), headache
(18.2%), bilateral lower-limb weakness (13.3%), altered sensorium
(9.7%), cranial nerve palsy (9.1%), loss of vision (3.0%), pain in
lower-limbs (1.2%), aphasia (0.6%), ataxia (0.6%) and bilateral
hearing loss (0.6%). Common aetiologies of NC included CNS metastasis
or intracranial extension (in RB, Rhabdomyosarcoma), spinal metastasis
(in Neuroblastoma, Ewing’s-sarcoma, germ cell tumour), intracranial
bleed (in AML, Hodgkin’s-lymphoma, ALL), CNS relapse (ALL), CNS
leukaemia (in Non-Hodgkin’s-lymphoma), cerebral atrophy (Wilm’s-tumor)
and Meningo-encephalitis (in LCH). Mortality was high in affected
children (80%). Conclusions: Cancer-specific information about NC may
be beneficial for early recognition and judicious management in order to
prevent neurological or cognitive morbidity.
Case report: Neurosarcoidosis with hydrocephalus as a first presenting sign.
Authors: Schuermans Valérie , Yeung Esther , Henneman Wouter , Ackermans Linda , Heijboer Roel , Mostard Rémy , Vos Winand , Pasmans Raphaël , Schijns Olaf
Published: November 2020

This is a unique case describing hydrocephalus to be the primary
presenting symptom of neurosarcoidosis. A 49-year-old woman with
previous ischemic cerebral events presented with a gait disorder,
urinary incontinence and cognitive impairment. Imaging showed
obstructive hydrocephalus, progressive white matter abnormalities and
basal leptomeningeal enhancement. Further diagnostics suggested
sarcoidosis.
Efficiency of intracavitary Levobupivacaine infusion for pain management during cystoscopic procedures: A randomized study
Authors: Pehlivaoğlu Mehmet , Tavukcu Hasan Huseyin , Akça Oktay , Yenigürbüz Serkan , Çömez Yusuf İlker , Çakır Ömer Onur
Published: November 2020

Aim: This study evaluated the effect of intracavitary levobupivacaine
infusion diluted with locally applied isotonic solution for pain control
in cystoscopy. Methods: Included in this study are 100 patients who had
previously undergone transurethral tumor resection for bladder tumor and
were followed up by cystoscopy. The patients were randomized into five
groups (n = 20). In the first, second, third, and fourth groups, 4, 6,
8, and 10 mL of levobupivacaine HCl (5.0 mg/mL) were mixed with 26, 24,
22, and 20 mL of isotonic solution, respectively. Hence, the total
mixture was 30 mL for each group. The fifth group was the control group.
In this group, the standard method commonly used in most clinics was
utilized. That is, a gel containing Cathejell-2% lidocaine (25 mg
lidocaine) was applied. Cystoscopic interventions were performed with a
17.5 Fr rigid cystoscope and 0°, 30°, and 70° lens. During cystoscopy
and 30 min later, the pain status of patients was assessed using the
Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), and patient satisfaction was questioned.
Results: The mean VAS score during and after the cystoscopy procedure
was significantly lower in the levobupivacaine groups compared to the
lidocaine group. In addition, patient satisfaction in the
levobupivacaine groups was significantly higher than in the lidocaine
group. No drug-related side-effects were observed in all groups.
Conclusion: Thus, levobupivacaine is a more effective drug than
lidocaine alone to control pain during cystoscopy. The use of
levobupivacaine is recommended to prevent possible complications of
general anesthesia by eliminating the need for the aforementioned as
well as its cost-saving advantage.
The context dependency of pollinator interference: how environmental conditions and species abundances impact floral visitation
Authors: Cervantes-Loreto Alba , Ayers Carolyn , Dobbs Emily , Brosi Berry , Stouffer Daniel
Published: November 2020

Pollinator foraging behavior determines floral visitation rates, an
important proxy to the strength of mutual- istic interactions. Although
there is evidence that pollinators modify their behavior in the presence
of other foragers, there are equivocal findings regarding whether or not
pollinators interfere with one another. We employ a functional-response
framework to analyse experimental data of times between floral visits
made by a focal pollinator and to estimate pollinator interference by
conspecifics and three other species. Additionally we develop and
compare models that allow different levels of resource availability and
the sub-lethal exposure to a neonicotinoid pesticide to modify how
pollinators forage alone and with co-foragers. We found that all
co-foragers interfere with a focal pollinator under at least one set of
abiotic conditions; for most species, interference was strongest at
higher levels of resource availability and with pesticide exposure.
Overall our results highlight that density-dependent responses are often
context dependent themselves.
Sputum ACE2, TMPRSS2 and FURIN gene expression in severe neutrophilic asthma
Authors: Kermani Nazanin , Song Woo-Jung , Badi Yusef , Versi Ali , Guo Yike , Sun Kai , Bhavsar Pankaj , Howarth Peter , Dahlén Sven-Erik , Sterk Peter , Djukanovic Ratko , Adcock Ian , Chung Kian Fan
Published: November 2020

Background. Patients with severe asthma may have a greater risk of dying
from COVID-19 disease. Angiotensin converting enzyme-2 (ACE2) and the
enzyme proteases, transmembrane protease serine 2 (TMPRSS2) and FURIN,
are needed for viral attachment and invasion into host cells. Methods.
We examined microarray mRNA expression of ACE2, TMPRSS2 and FURIN in
sputum, bronchial brushing and bronchial biopsies of the European
U-BIOPRED cohort. Clinical parameters and molecular phenotypes,
including asthma severity, sputum inflammatory cells, lung functions,
oral corticosteroid (OCS) use, and transcriptomic-associated clusters,
were examined in relation to gene expression levels. Results. ACE2
levels were significantly increased in sputum of severe asthma compared
to mild-moderate asthma. In multivariate analyses, sputum ACE2 levels
were positively associated with OCS use and male gender. Sputum FURIN
levels were significantly related to neutrophils (%) and the presence
of severe asthma. In bronchial brushing samples, TMPRSS2 levels were
positively associated with male gender and body mass index, whereas
FURIN levels with male gender and blood neutrophils. In bronchial
biopsies, TMPRSS2 levels were positively related to blood neutrophils.
The neutrophilic molecular phenotype characterised by high inflammasome
activation expressed significantly higher FURIN levels in sputum than
the eosinophilic Type 2-high or the pauci-granulocytic oxidative
phosphorylation phenotypes. Conclusion. Levels of ACE2 and FURIN may
differ by clinical or molecular phenotypes of asthma. Sputum FURIN
expression levels were strongly associated with neutrophilic
inflammation and with inflammasome activation. This might indicate the
potential for a greater morbidity and mortality outcome from SARS-CoV-2
infection in neutrophilic severe asthma.
β-blockers and ACE inhibitors are not a risk factor for severe systemic sting reactions and adverse events during venom immunotherapy
Authors: Sturm Gunter , Herzog Sereina , Aberer Werner , Arias Teresa Alfaya , Antolin-Amerigo Dario , Bonadonna Patrizia , Boni Elisa , Bozek Andrzej , Chełmińska Marta , Ernst Barbara , Frelih Nina , Gawlik Radoslaw , Gelincik Asli , Hawranek Thomas , Hötzenecker Wolfram , Blanco Aránzazu Jiménez , Kita Karolina , Kendirlinan Reşat , Kosnik Mitja , Laipold Karin , Lang Roland , Marchi Francesco , Mauro Marina , Nittner-Marszalska Marita , Poziomkowska-Gesicka Iwona , Pravettoni Valerio , Prezioso Donatella , Quercia Oliviero , Reider Norbert , Rosiek-Biegus Marta , Ruiz Berta , Schrautzer Christoph , Serrano Pilar , Sin Aytul , Sin Betül , Stoevesandt Johanna , Trautmann Axel , Vachová Martina , Arzt-Gradwohl Lisa
Published: November 2020

Background: There is controversy whether taking β-blockers or ACE
inhibitors (ACEI) is a risk factor for more severe systemic insect sting
reactions (SSR) and whether it increases the number or severity of
adverse events (AE) during venom immunotherapy (VIT). Methods: In this
open, prospective, observational, multicenter trial, we recruited
patients with a history of a SSR and indication for VIT. The primary
objective of this study was to evaluate whether patients taking
β-blockers or ACEI show more systemic AE during VIT compared to patients
without such treatment. Results: In total, 1,425 patients were enrolled
and VIT was performed in 1,342 patients. Of all patients included, 388
(27.2%) took antihypertensive (AHT) drugs (10.4% took β-blockers,
11.9% ACEI, 5.0% β-blockers and ACEI). Only 5.6% of patients under
AHT treatment experienced systemic AE during VIT as compared with 7.4%
of patients without these drugs (OR: 0.74, 95% CI: 0.43–1.22, p=0.25).
The severity of the initial sting reaction was not affected by the
intake of β-blockers or ACEI (OR: 1.14, 95% CI: 0.89–1.46, p=0.29). In
total, 210 (17.7%) patients were re-stung during VIT and 191 (91.0%)
tolerated the sting without systemic symptoms. Of the 19 patients with
VIT treatment failure, 4 took β-blockers, none an ACEI. Conclusions:
This trial provides robust evidence that taking β-blockers or ACEI does
neither increase the frequency of systemic AE during VIT nor aggravate
SSR. Moreover, results suggest that these drugs do not impair
effectiveness of VIT. (Funded by Medical University of Graz, Austria;
Clinicaltrials.gov number, NCT04269629)
Percutaneous closure of paravalvular prosthetic mitral leak requiring acute hemodialysis
Authors: Sozzi Fabiola , Levy Franck , Bourlon Francois , Hugues Nicolas , Iacuzio Laura , Rossi Philippe , Eker Armand , Schiavone Marco , Civaia Filippo
Published: November 2020

A case of a severe paravalvular mechanical mitral prosthesis leak in a
high-risk patient that underwent previously 4 mitral valve surgeries is
described. An Amulet-Amplatzer device was correctly implanted on the
left atrial appendage, with the temptative to close also the contiguous
severe leak. A residual moderate paravalvular leak caused acute
hemolysis with severe renal failure requiring hemodialysis. The
transesophageal echocardiogram is crucial in localizing and defining the
extent of the paravalvular leak. It is not clear if the hemolysis was
precipitated by the evolution of the disease or by the residual
regurgitation after Amulet device deployment. Certainly, given the
intricacy of the procedure the results might be limited also for highly
expert operators. To our knowledge, this is the first case reporting the
use of the Amulet-Amplatzer device for paravalvular leak closure.
Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation as a bridge between transfer and perioperative periods in refractory cardiogenic shock secondary to a large left atrial myxoma
Authors: Tian Lijun , Zhang Suyan , Xu Junxian , Han Xudong
Published: November 2020

A 63-year-old man was admitted for acute left heart failure after field
operations. He rapidly developed refractory cardiogenic shock due to a
large left atrial myxoma which was found by bed-side echocardiography.
Veno-arteriovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) was
performed immediately, and the patient was transferred for further
surgery with a good outcome. Therefore, timely echocardiographic
evaluation and surgical removal of myxomas is recommended, and ECMO
could be used as a bridge between the transfer and perioperative period.
Stem photosynthesis: new evidence highlights the contribution of phenotypic plasticity to the invasion success of Mikania micrantha
Authors: Zheng Jin , Zhang Tai-Jie , Li Bo-Hui , Liang Wei-Jie , Zhang Qi-Lei , Cai Min-Ling , Peng Changlian
Published: November 2020

Phenotypic plasticity affords invasive plant species the ability to
colonize a wide range of habitats, but physiological plasticity of their
stems is seldom recognized. Investigation of the stem plasticity of
invasive plant species could lead to a better understanding of their
invasiveness. We performed a pot experiment involving defoliation
treatments and an isolated culture experiment to determine whether the
invasive species Mikania micrantha exhibits greater plasticity in the
stems than do three native species that co-occur in southern China and
then explored the mechanism underlying the modification of its stem
photosynthesis. Our results showed that the stems of M. micrantha
exhibited higher plasticity in terms of either net or gross
photosynthesis in response to the defoliation treatment. These effects
were positively related to an increased stem elongation rate. The
enhancement of stem photosynthesis in M. micrantha resulted from the
comprehensive action involving increases in the Chl a/b ratio, D1
protein and stomatal aperture, changes in chloroplast morphology and a
decrease in anthocyanins. Increased plasticity of stem photosynthesis
may improve the survival of M. micrantha under harsh conditions and
allow it to rapidly recover from defoliation injuries. Our results
highlight that phenotypic plasticity promotes the invasion success of
alien plant invaders.
Prayer and Incantation on Early Christian Amulets: Authoritative Traditions, Ritual Practices, and Material Objects
Authors: Sanzo Joseph E.
Published: November 2020

In this paper, I examine the manifold ways late antique Christian practitioners (ca. III–VII CE) negotiated the boundaries between Christian prayers and traditional amuletic practices. I supplement recent research, which has usefully demonstrated the overlapping characteristics of prayers and incantations, by focusing on the semantic range and principal traits of the term euchê (and its cognates) when it is present on Greek and Coptic amulets and ritual handbooks. My analysis is further augmented by a discussion of how some practitioners diminished or highlighted the material properties of prayers in their apotropaic and curative rituals.
Association between epidermal growth factor receptor mutation status, clinicopathological characteristics and TTF-1 expression in lung adenocarcinoma: A single center study
Authors: Tegeltija Dragana , Lovrenski Aleksandra , Vasiljevic Tijana , Maksimovic Sinisa
Published: November 2020

Introduction/Objective. The presence of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations is the best predictor of response for therapy with tyrosine kinase inhibitors. In this study, we investigate association between EGFR mutations and clinicopathological characteristics and thyroid transcription factor (TTF-1) expression in lung adenocarcinomas (AD). Methods. We analyzed 142 surgical samples from patients with histologically confirmed lung AD from January 2010 to December 2015. All tumor tissues were reclassified according to the World Health Organization criteria and EGFR mutations detected by real-time polymerase chain reaction. TTF-1 expression was detected by immunohistochemistry in 83 out of 142 cases. The association between EGFR and TTF-1 expression was analyzed using the ?2 test or Fisher?s exact test with SPSS software version 20.0. Results. This study included 78 male and 64 women with a median age of 61.6 (range, 42?82) years. Acinar (ACN) and solid (SOL) were the most common histological types (47.9% and 38.7%, respectively). TTF-1 expression was present in 69 of 83 (83%) ADs. The EGFR mutation was found in 7%, more frequently in women, and patients with smoking history, and acinar type of AD, whereas it had no association with age and pathological stage and TTF-1 expression. Conclusion. In conclusion, the results of this study demonstrate that the presence of EGFR mutations is associated with some clinical characteristics and histologic type of ADs, but not with TTF-1 expression.
Adipose Tissue Lipokines: Recent Progress and Future Directions
Authors: Li Veronica L. , Kim Joon T. , Long Jonathan Z.
Published: November 2020

Beyond classical metabolic functions in energy storage and energy expenditure, adipose tissue is also a dynamic endocrine organ that secretes bioactive factors into blood plasma. Historically, studies of the adipose secretome have predominantly focused on polypeptide adipokines. Recently, adipose-derived blood-borne lipids (“lipokines”) have emerged as a distinct class of endocrine factors. Lipokines are intimately connected to intracellular pathways of fatty acid metabolism and therefore uniquely poised to communicate the intracellular energy status of adipocytes to other nonadipose tissues including liver, muscle, and pancreas. Here, we discuss recent progress on our understanding of adipose-secreted lipokines as endocrine regulators of glucose and lipid metabolism. We also provide our perspective on future directions for adipose-secreted lipids, including limitations of the currently available experimental data as well as potential strategies for addressing the remaining open questions.
Viral and Nonviral Transfer of Genetic Materials to Adipose Tissues: Toward a Gold Standard Approach
Authors: Romanelli Steven M. , MacDougald Ormond A.
Published: November 2020

Gene transfer using viral or nonviral vectors enables the ability to manipulate specific cells and tissues for gene silencing, protein overexpression, or genome modification. Despite the widespread application of viral- and non-viral-mediated gene transfer to liver, heart, skeletal muscle, and the central nervous system, its use in adipose tissue has been limited. This is largely because adipose tissue is distributed throughout the body in distinct depots and adipocytes make up a minority of the cells within the tissue, making transduction difficult. Currently, there is no consensus methodology for efficient gene transfer to adipose tissue and many studies report conflicting information with regard to transduction efficiency and vector biodistribution. In this review, we summarize the challenges associated with gene transfer to adipose tissue and report on innovations that improve efficacy. We describe how vector and route of administration are the two key factors that influence transduction efficiency and outline a “gold standard” approach and experimental workflow for validating gene transfer to adipose tissue. Lastly, we speculate on how CRISPR/Cas9 can be integrated to improve adipose tissue research.
Contemporary Management of Heart Failure in Patients With Diabetes
Authors: Shaw James A. , Cooper Mark E.
Published: November 2020

Both heart failure and diabetes are increasing in prevalence in Western communities. The interrelationship between these two conditions is well known, with conventional heart failure therapies including several newer drug classes providing benefit to subjects with diabetes. Furthermore, several of the more recently introduced medications for type 2 diabetes have resulted in significant cardiovascular morbidity and mortality benefits with a marked improvement in heart failure symptoms and hospital presentations as well as deaths. This review outlines current therapies used to treat patients with or at risk for heart failure and their particular role in subjects with diabetes. Newer therapies, including certain glucose-lowering medications and their benefits in treating heart failure patients with and without diabetes, are also discussed. Finally, heart failure is also observed in long-duration, aging patients with type 1 diabetes, but this clinical issue has not been as extensively explored as in patients with type 2 diabetes and warrants further clinical investigation.
Time-dependent Microhardness Gradients of Self-adhesive Resin Cements Under Dual- and Self-curing Modes
Authors: Geng T , Pan Y , Liu Z , Yuan C , Wang P , Meng X
Published: November 2020

Clinical Relevance

Acid-functional monomers in self-adhesive resin cements may decrease their self-curing polymerization ability. Light irradiation optimizes polymerization performance.

Purpose:

The aim of this study was to investigate Knoop microhardness of self-adhesive resin cements under dual- and self-curing modes in simulated canals for describing the polymerization behavior.

Methods and Materials:

Slots in lightproof silicone cylinders with one open end were filled with the following eight materials: a traditional resin cement (Duolink), a core build-up resin material (MultiCore Flow), and six self-adhesive resin cements (RelyX Unicem 2, G-Cem Automix, Maxcem, Biscem, Multilink Speed, and PermaCem 2.0). The resins were exposed to light through the open end and then stored in a lightproof box. The Knoop hardness gradient for each resin was measured after 1 hour and 120 hours. Surface readings were obtained at 1-mm intervals from 1 mm to 10 mm away from the open ends. The data were analyzed by two-way analysis of variance and the Student-Newman-Keuls test (α=0.05).

Results:

All the resin materials had stable Knoop hardness numbers (KHNs) at a certain depth; their KHNs in the self-curing mode did not change (p>0.05). The region above this certain depth was regarded as having undergone the dual-curing mode, and the KHN decreased gradually with depth (p<0.05). Between 1 and 120 hours postexposure, the ratio of the KHN at a 5-mm depth (self-cured) to that at a 1-mm depth (dual-cured) increased in Duolink and MultiCore Flow. However, the ratios of the six adhesive resin cements varied.

Conclusion:

Without light, most self-adhesive resin cements differed from traditional dual-cured resin materials in terms of Knoop microhardness, and they had a lesser capacity for chemical-induced curing.