bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Satisfação do usuário como indicador de qualidade em uma estratégia saúde da famí­lia
Authors: Gracinda Ignacio da Silva Ana , Castilho de Alfaia Edelson , Do Socorro Rosário Ramalho Adriana , Dias Dias Graciane , Melo Sardinha Daniele , Conceição Dias Garcez Juliana
Published: September 2020

Objetivo: Descrever a satisfação dos usuários dos serviços de saúde de uma Estratégia Saúde da Famí­lia, de um municí­pio do estado do Pará. Método: Pesquisa de campo descritiva, com abordagem qualitativa. A coleta de dados se deu por meio de entrevista semiestruturada com 20 usuários homens e mulheres adultos, no mês de setembro de 2019. A análise de conteúdo seguiu orientação de Bardin. Resultados: Emergiram do estudo três categorias temáticas: Tema 1- A satisfação dos usuários com o acesso ao atendimento na unidade. Tema 2 - A Satisfação dos usuários com o atendimento terapêutico na unidade e o Tema 3 – A satisfação dos usuários com as relações interpessoais na unidade. Conclusão: Os usuários estão satisfeitos quanto acessibilidade e atendimento na unidade; que compreendem sobre seu problema de saúde e o que deve ser feito para seu controle; que as relações interpessoais são importantes para que se sintam bem acolhidos.
THE CHARACTERISTICS OF PSYCHOLOGICAL DIAGNOSIS AND CORRECTION OF MOTIVATIVE-NEED SECTORS OF SUICIDAL BEHAVIOR SPECIFIC TO ADOLESCENCE
Authors: Tukhtakhon Gaynazarovna Suleymanova
Published: September 2020

The article analyzes the analysis of psychological diagnostic methods in the field of motivational needs of suicidal behavior, which is typical of adolescence.
KEY WORDS: Need, motivation, adolescence, suicide, value, clinical interview, emotionality.
Sophistication du système d’information des PME exportatrices libanaises
Authors: Gerbaix Sylvie , Kaspard Jeanne , Chapellier Philippe
Published: September 2020

Au Liban, comme dans d’autres pays, les activités d’exportation, notamment celles des PME, jouent un rôle déterminant. Au plan théorique, le paradoxe relevé entre un SI simple en PME et la nécessité d’un SI développé pour exporter, les lacunes bibliographiques et les résultats divergents, ont conduit à une interrogation sur les choix de SI réalisés par les dirigeants de PME exportatrices libanaises. L’étude de cinq cas a permis d’identifier des similitudes mais aussi des différences entre les SI observés. Ce travail montre aussi le rôle déterminant du dirigeant dans le choix du SI et permet d’identifier deux facteurs d’influence importants : les compétences et ressources « export » et la qualité de l’infrastructure du réseau internet.
Two-Dimensional Partial Cubes
Authors: Chepoi Victor , Knauer Kolja , Philibert Manon
Published: September 2020

We investigate the structure of two-dimensional partial cubes, i.e., of isometric subgraphs of hypercubes whose vertex set defines a set family of VC-dimension at most 2. Equivalently, those are the partial cubes which are not contractible to the 3-cube $Q_3$ (here contraction means contracting the edges corresponding to the same coordinate of the hypercube). We show that our graphs can be obtained from two types of combinatorial cells (gated cycles and gated full subdivisions of complete graphs) via amalgams. The cell structure of two-dimensional partial cubes enables us to establish a variety of results. In particular, we prove that all partial cubes of VC-dimension 2 can be extended to ample aka lopsided partial cubes of VC-dimension 2, yielding that the set families defined by such graphs satisfy the sample compression conjecture by Littlestone and Warmuth (1986) in a strong sense. The latter is a central conjecture of the area of computational machine learning, that is far from being solved even for general set systems of VC-dimension 2. Moreover, we point out relations to tope graphs of COMs of low rank and region graphs of pseudoline arrangements.
Counting Triangles in Power-Law Uniform Random Graphs
Authors: Gao Pu , Van der Hofstad Remco , Southwell Angus , Stegehuis Clara
Published: September 2020

We count the asymptotic number of triangles in uniform random graphs where the degree distribution follows a power law with degree exponent $\tau\in(2,3)$. We also analyze the local clustering coefficient $c(k)$, the probability that two random neighbors of a vertex of degree $k$ are connected. We find that the number of triangles, as well as the local clustering coefficient, scale similarly as in the erased configuration model, where all self-loops and multiple edges of the configuration model are removed. Interestingly, uniform random graphs contain more triangles than erased configuration models with the same degree sequence. The number of triangles in uniform random graphs is closely related to that in a version of the rank-1 inhomogeneous random graph, where all vertices are equipped with weights, and the probabilities that edges are present are moderated by asymptotically linear functions of the products of these vertex weights.
Experimental Production of the Bi-Digital O-Ring Test Muscular Power Evaluation Device Using an Air-type Automatic Analysis System
Authors: Shimotsuura Yasuhiro , Maezawa Hiroyuki , Omura Yoshiaki
Published: September 2020

As Bi-Digital O-Ring Test (originated and founded by Prof. Y. Omura in New York, 1997-2020; follow as BDORT)is a diagnosis method that is carried out on the basic theory of the physiological phenomenon called the decline of muscular power of fingers, the examiner, and patients (or mediator)
are demanded to do BDORT by constant regular power. Namely BDORT is a diagnosis method that estimates the relative muscular decline of the patients, so there is such a view that the results of BDORT are reflected by consciousness of the examiner. The authors used the ORT tester by using air
system to avoid the influence of electromagnetic wave and evaluated the decline of the muscle strength and open degree of the O-ring shaped by the patients. Patients of the Shimotsuura Clinic are subjected and checked by direct BDORT method. When the patients shapes the O-Ring, staff members
stimulated the parts of the body by plastic stick and push foot switch. Decline of the muscle strength & open degree was evaluated. When the open degree was more than 20%, stimulated points were evaluated as abnormal. Opposite side arm of the O-Ring shaped arm was checked as control. The
results of the direct BDORT method between ORT evaluation apparatus and the patient was consistent with the results of the indirect method of BDORT method between the doctor and the assistant. Even where the patients complain of ill, the muscle strength was declined and opened the O-Ring by
using ORT evaluation apparatus. Especially in the parts of the strong response of Integrin α5β1 checked by the doctor, the muscle strength decreased and the open degree was much higher than other parts of the body. Patients could experience of BDORT by numeral objective evaluation
of the decline of the muscle strength by using ORT evaluation apparatus.
Phenolic compounds in two subspecies of Drypis spinosa L. (Caryophyllaceae) in Croatia
Authors: Kremer Dario , Košir Iztok Jože , Srečec Siniša , Jurišić Grubešić Renata , Randić Marko , Načinović Karla , Rogulj Nikolina , Potočnik Tanja
Published: September 2020

As a contribution to chemotaxonomic relations, a quantitative analysis of bioactive phenolic compounds was carried out for the first time in Drypis spinosa L. subsp. spinosa and D. spinosa subsp. jacquiniana Murb.
et Wettst. ex Murb. in Croatia. Total polyphenols (TP), tannins (T) and
total flavonoids (TF) were determined in samples of leaves, stems, and roots using UV-Vis spectrophotometric methods. For the subsp. spinosa, the highest content of TF was in leaves (0.09%), as was the highest amount of TP (2.36%) and T (1.12%). In the subsp. jacquiniana, the highest contents of TF (0.10%), TP (1.96%), and T (0.88%) were measured in stems. Coumaric, ferulic and rosmarinic acid were identified and quantified by HPLC analysis in both subspecies. Quercetin and sinapic acid were identified only in subsp. spinosa, while rutin and naringenin were found only in subsp. jacquiniana. Among them, ferulic acid was identified only in flowers of both subspecies. The results of this study
represent a useful basis for further research of phytochemical and eventually phytotherapeutic potential of D. spinosa.
ANALYSIS OF TECHNICAL REGULATIONS REQUIREMENTS TO THE CARGO RIVER TERMINAL FOR THE SAFE HANDLING AND STORAGE OF MOTOR VEHICLES
Authors: Telegin Anatoly I. , Nyurkin Sergey I. , Nyurkin Andrey V.
Published: September 2020

It is the study of river cargo terminals possibilities for storing and reloading vehicles on river vessels / from river vessels. Description of the current situation on the country's transport market and examples of the organization of combined transport involving road and rail transport for the transport of general cargo in transport-developed countries are given. Proposals for attracting river transport to the organization of combined transport have been made. The available base is the fleet, coastal terminals. Existing requirements and regulations applicable to such terminals are shown. Their analysis and projection on the further development of transportation of highly tariffed general cargo in combined communications with the participation of river transport are made.
HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE COMPLEX FOR AUTOMATIC MOORING
Authors: Bazylev Alexander V. , Bychkov Vladislav Y. , Perevezentsev Sergei V. , Plyushchaev Valeri I.
Published: September 2020

Nowadays the implementation of the concept of crew-free navigation is considered to be the urgent problem. It comprises many aspects related to the design of vessels, the creation of hardware and software base of navigation process control systems, algorithmic support for these systems, the development of new methods and means of measuring technological parameters, navigation and communication tools and so on. One of the most difficult procedures of the navigation process is mooring of the vessel. The article deals with the methods and means of measuring the parameters of the technological process of mooring the new type of vessel with a wheel propulsion and steering complex. Composition of the measuring instruments is established and the hardware base for implementing automatic mooring is selected. The base for creating a subsystem for automatic control of the ship's approach to the berth wall as a part of a computerized control system is proposed.
ANALYTICAL CALCULATION OF THE PARAMETERS
Authors: Tokarev Pavel N.
Published: September 2020

The skipper must be well aware of the maneuverability of his vessel, as well as the capabilities of the ship's controls to perform a particular maneuver. In the» Information «about the parameters of turnability, which is available on the ship, there is no data on the performance of such an important maneuver as «turn in place», which is often used in a confined area of water. Some assumptions have been taken in this article and the solution of the system of equations of the motion of the vessel in relation to the considered maneuver is proposed. The author obtained analytical expressions for calculation of angular speed and the angle of turn of the vessel at the time of the maneuver of «acceleration», the rotation by inertia and active damping rotational inertia. Using the obtained expressions, the calculation of the parameters of the turnover of the project 507 ship was performed. Graphs of the dependence of the angular speed and the angle of rotation of the vessel on the maneuver time are given.
Quality and Potency Analysis of IVY Leaf Extract
Authors: Yasmeen Sidra , Usman Rafia , Ayaz Sultan , Qamar Fatima , Zainab Syeda , Sadia Halima , Munir Hira , Arif Amaris , Shakeel Sadia , Zahoor Aqib , Khanum Kashifa , Faridi Zubair Uddin
Published: September 2020

The current study was conducted with the aim to evaluate Ivy leaf extract to authenticate the quality of extract. Evaluation was conducted on different physicochemical factors of extract that include physical appearance, organoleptic properties and solubility. Loss on drying, microbial analysis and heavy metal analysis was also carried out to execute the safety of extract. High performance liquid chromatography was executed to evaluate the presence of Hederacoside C in Ivy leaf extract employing phosphoric acid 85 %, acetonitrile, water (2:140:860 v/v/v) as a mobile phase. Extract exhibited greenish brown color, distinctive odor and sweet taste. An Ivy extract was found in agreement of the allowable microbial limit as well as with the heavy metal contents limit. The presence of Hederacoside C in Ivy leaf extract was confirmed by HPLC. The current evaluation reveals conformity with all the analytical procedures. Hence Ivy leaf extract is well standardized formulation at the base line consideration.
Effectiveness of a top up transfusion programme in preventing cerebrovascular damage in a birth cohort of sickle cell disease
Authors: Ibrahim Nadia , Mahmood Sabah , O'Driscoll Sandra , Chakravorty Subarna
Published: September 2020

Regular transfusions are effective in managing strokes in paediatric sickle cell patients. However, there are associated risks, including alloimmunisation and iron overload. This study evaluated the efficacy of top-up transfusions in primary and secondary stroke prevention in a single tertiary paediatric centre in Central London.
Forty-seven children with sickle cell disease who received transfusions in the last decade were included. No patient on a primary stroke prevention transfusion programme had a cerebrovascular event during the study period but 9.5% on secondary stroke prevention programme did. Twenty-one per cent of patients in this cohort converted to exchange transfusions following transfer to adult services, of which 11% had subsequent strokes. Targeted pre-transfusion haemoglobin S % was not always met; 43% of HbS% readings in a 12- month period were above the set target of 30% and 37% were above the set target of 50%. About a third of patients had evidence of severe hepatic iron overload, but no significant cardiac iron. 25% of patients became alloimmunised, but not severe enough to warrant discontinuation of the transfusion programme.
Although transfusions are effective for primary stroke prevention, iron overload remains a significant burden.
Plasmoid Ejection by Alfvén Waves and the Fast Radio Bursts from SGR 1935+2154
Authors: Yuan Yajie , Beloborodov Andrei M. , Chen Alexander Y. , Levin Yuri
Published: September 2020

Using numerical simulations we show that low-amplitude Alfvén waves from a magnetar quake propagate to the outer magnetosphere and convert to “plasmoids” (closed magnetic loops) that accelerate from the star, driving blast waves into the magnetar wind. Quickly after its formation, the plasmoid becomes a thin relativistic pancake. It pushes out the magnetospheric field lines, and they gradually reconnect behind the pancake, generating a variable wind far stronger than the normal spindown wind of the magnetar. Repeating ejections drive blast waves in the amplified wind. We suggest that these ejections generate the simultaneous X-ray and radio bursts detected from SGR 1935+2154. A modest energy budget of the magnetospheric perturbation ∼1040 erg is sufficient to produce the observed bursts. Our simulation predicts a narrow (a few milliseconds) X-ray spike from the magnetosphere, arriving almost simultaneously with the radio burst emitted far outside the magnetosphere. This timing is caused by the extreme relativistic motion of the ejecta.
Detection of a Satellite of the Trojan Asteroid (3548) Eurybates—A Lucy Mission Target
Authors: Noll K. S. , Brown M. E. , Weaver H. A. , Grundy W. M. , Porter S. B. , Buie M. W. , Levison H. F. , Olkin C. , Spencer J. R. , Marchi S. , Statler T. S.
Published: September 2020

We describe the discovery of a satellite of the Trojan asteroid (3548) Eurybates in images obtained with the Hubble Space Telescope. The satellite was detected on three separate epochs, two in 2018 September and one in 2020 January. The satellite has a brightness in all three epochs consistent with an effective diameter of d
2 = 1.2 ± 0.4 km. The projected separation from Eurybates was s ∼ 1700–2300 km and varied in position, consistent with a large range of possible orbits. Eurybates is a target of the Lucy Discovery mission and the early detection of a satellite provides an opportunity for a significant expansion of the scientific return from this encounter.
Could the Migration of Jupiter Have Accelerated the Atmospheric Evolution of Venus?
Authors: Kane Stephen R. , Vervoort Pam , Horner Jonathan , Pozuelos Francisco J.
Published: September 2020

In the study of planetary habitability and terrestrial atmospheric evolution, the divergence of surface conditions for Venus and Earth remains an area of active research. Among the intrinsic and external influences on the Venusian climate history are orbital changes due to giant planet migration that have both variable incident flux and tidal heating consequences. Here, we present the results of a study that explores the effect of Jupiter’s location on the orbital parameters of Venus and subsequent potential water-loss scenarios. Our dynamical simulations show that various scenarios of Jovian migration could have resulted in orbital eccentricities for Venus as high as 0.31. We quantify the implications of the increased eccentricity, including tidal energy, surface energy flux, and the variable insolation flux expected from the faint young Sun. The tidal circularization timescale calculations demonstrate that a relatively high tidal dissipation factor is required to reduce the eccentricity of Venus to the present value, which implies a high initial water inventory. We further estimate the consequences of high orbital eccentricity on water loss, and estimate that the water-loss rate may have increased by at least ∼5% compared with the circular orbit case as a result of orbital forcing. We argue that these eccentricity variations for the young Venus may have accelerated the atmospheric evolution of Venus toward the inevitable collapse of the atmosphere into a runaway greenhouse state. The presence of giant planets in exoplanetary systems may likewise increase the expected rate of Venus analogs in those systems.
Test Test Test Beyond limits – the pitfalls of global gene drives for environmental risk assessment in the European Union
Authors: Georgiev Teodor
Published: September 2020

Test Test Test Beyond limits – the pitfalls of global gene drives for environmental risk assessment in the European Union
Phylogeny and species delimitation in Silene sect. Arenosae (Caryophyllaceae): a new section
Authors: Eggens Frida , Jafari Farzaneh , Thollesson Mikael , Crameri Simon , Zarre Shahin , Oxelman Bengt
Published: September 2020

A putatively monophyletic group of annual Silene species is revised taxonomically and described as the new section S. sect. Arenosae. The species of this section were previously treated as a part of a widely circumscribed and polyphyletic S. sect. Rigidulae. Silene sect. Arenosae as circumscribed here consists of nine species. Members of the section show a predominantly E Mediterranean to SW Asian distribution pattern from Turkey southward to Egypt and eastward to Iran and Pakistan, although most of the species have a limited distribution range. The species of S. sect. Arenosae are characterized by narrowly lanceolate calyx teeth, which are often highly polymorphic, and lanceolate to oblanceolate (non-spathulate) basal leaves. The provided taxonomic revision is based on morphological characters and supported by phylogenetic analyses of two nuclear loci (nrITS and an intron of the RPB2 gene) and one chloroplast locus (the intron of the rps16 gene). The species descriptions are formalized using a novel implementation of the Prometheus Description Model.
Corrigenda: Phylogenetic relationship of catshark species of the genus Scyliorhinus (Chondrichthyes, Carcharhiniformes, Scyliorhinidae) based on comparative morphology. Zoosystematics and Evolution 96(2): 345–395. https://doi.org/10.3897/zse.96.52420
Authors: Soares Karla D. A. , Carvalho Marcelo R. de
Published: September 2020

The genus Scyliorhinus is part of the family Scyliorhinidae, the most diverse family of sharks and of the subfamily Scyliorhininae along with Cephaloscyllium and Poroderma. This study reviews the phylogenetic relationships of species of Scyliorhinus in the subfamily Scyliorhininae. Specimens of all Scyliorhinus species were examined as well as specimens of four of the 18 species of Cephaloscyllium, two species of Poroderma, representatives of almost all other catshark (scyliorhinid) genera and one proscylliid (Proscyllium habereri). A detailed morphological study, including external and internal morphology, morphometry and meristic data, was performed. From this study, a total of 84 morphological characters were compiled into a data matrix. Parsimony analysis was employed to generate hypotheses of phylogenetic relationships using the TNT 1.1. Proscyllium habereri was used to root the cladogram. The phylogenetic analysis, based on implied weighting (k = 3; 300 replications and 100 trees saved per replication), resulted in three equally most parsimonious cladograms with 233 steps, with a CI of 0.37 and an RI of 0.69. The monophyly of the subfamily Scyliorhininae is supported as well as of the genus Scyliorhinus, which is proposed to be the sister group of Cephaloscyllium. The phylogenetic relationships amongst Scyliorhinus species are presented for the frst time.
Emergency Key Performance Indicators in the Italian region Friuli Venezia Giulia
Authors: Valent Francesca , Di Chiara Antonio , Di Bartolomeo Stefano
Published: September 2020

Key Performance Indicators (KPI) regard key areas of a particular service which needs to be evaluated. Within the health system, they represent specific and measurable elements and are based on standards generally set by the scientific literature. KPI can be used to assess performances in different areas and achievement of goals. To develop and calculate a set of KPI in the Italian Region Friuli Venezia Giulia (1 million inhabitants) as an audit tool for the regional Emergency healthcare system, with a focus on three timedependent conditions: trauma, acute myocardial infarction, and stroke. To develop the set, a modified Delphi process was applied among Emergency care experts in Friuli Venezia Giulia. Then, the indicators were calculated from anonymous administrative health databases (Emergency Medical System, Emergency Department, hospital discharge, cardiac catheterization laboratory). Databases could be linked with each other at the individual level through a univocal stochastic key. Sensitivity analyses were conducted where different results were expected using different databases. Sixty-one indicators were calculated for the year 2018. Five indicators were summary descriptive measures, 10 were outcome measures, the others were process indicators; 20 were specific on acute myocardial infarction, 12 on trauma, 4 on stroke. Values for some indicators varied depending on the data source. These KPI provided new and interesting information and are used for periodic audit purposes in Friuli Venezia Giulia. Higher quality, completeness and richness of the administrative databases should be promoted to further increase the value of the indicators.
Egidio Tosatti
Authors: Campisi Corradino
Published: September 2020

This paper is part of the monographic issue: ‘Did the Masters of the past know the future? History and update of Italian Phlebolymphology’

Guest editor: Alberto Macciò (Phlebology - Part I edited by G. Agus; Phlebology - Part II edited by P. Bonadeo; Lymphology edited by F. Boccardo)
Prediction of Pathologic Response to Neoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy in Patients with Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Incorporating Hematological Biomarkers
Authors: Wu Yingjia , Chen Jinbin , Zhao Lei , Li Qiaoqiao , Zhu Jinhan , Yang Hong , Guo Suping , Xi Mian
Published: September 2020

Purpose This study aimed to develop a nomogram for predicting pathologic complete response (pCR) after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (CRT) in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) by integrating hematological biomarkers and clinicopathological characteristics.Materials and Methods Between 2003 and 2017, 306 ESCC patients who underwent neoadjuvant CRT followed by esophagectomy were analyzed. Besides clinicopathological factors, hematological parameters before, during, and after CRT were collected. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to identify predictive factors for pCR. A nomogram model was built and internally validated.ResultsAbsolute lymphocyte count (ALC), lymphocyte to monocyte ratio, albumin, hemoglobin, white blood cell, neutrophil, and platelet count generally declined, whereas neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet to lymphocyte ratio (PLR) increased significantly following neoadjuvant CRT. After surgery, 124 patients (40.5%) achieved a pCR. The pCR group demonstrated significantly more favorable survival than the non-pCR group. On multivariate analysis, significant factors associated with pCR included sex, chemotherapy regimen, post-CRT endoscopic finding, pre-CRT NLR, ALC nadir during CRT, and post-CRT PLR, which were incorporated into the prediction model. The nomogram indicated good accuracy in predicting pCR, with a C-index of 0.75 (95% confidence interval, 0.71 to 0.78).Conclusion Female, chemotherapy regimen of cisplatin/vinorelbine, negative post-CRT endoscopic finding, pre-CRT NLR (≤ 2.1), ALC nadir during CRT (> 0.35 ×109/L), and post-CRT PLR (≤ 83.0) were significantly associated with pCR in ESCC patients treated with neoadjuvant CRT. A nomogram incorporating hematological biomarkers to predict pCR was developed and internally validated, showing good predictive performance.
Predictors of Intensive Phase Treatment Outcomes among Patients with Multi-Drug Resistant Tuberculosis in Zaria, North-Western Nigeria
Authors: Oyefabi A. , Adelekan B. , Adetiba E. , Emmanuel L. , Jimoh O.
Published: September 2020

Background: The emergence of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is a threat to successful TB treatment outcomes in developing nations like Nigeria. This study determined the predictors of intensive phase treatment outcomes in MDR-TB patients in Zaria, Nigeria.Methods: This was a retrospective cross-sectional review of the records of 124 MDR-TB patients registered between September 2012 and August 2017 at the National Tuberculosis and Leprosy Training Centre, Saye, Zaria. Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS version 25.0 and the StataCorp STATA/SE 14.Results: The median age (IQR) of the respondents was 32 (15) years. The gene Xpert test detected Mycobacterium Tuberculosis (MTB) and rifampicin resistance (RIF) in 119 (96.0%) cases. The treatment success rate was 97 (78.2%). MDR-TB and HIV co-infection rate was 17 (13.7%) while the case fatality rate was 16.1%. Bivariate analysis showed that being male (p=0.001), not currently in marital union (p=0.01) and positive smear results at 1 month (p=0.027)) were significantly associated with treatment success. Multivariate logistic regression showed that the odds for successful treatment outcome was 4 times higher for the MDR-TB patients who were employed than the unemployed (AOR= 3.98, 95% CI= 1.15-13.74). No significant relationship between MDR-TB-HIV comorbidity (AOR=1.89, 95% CI=0.44-8.19), MDR-TB susceptible to Isoniazid (AOR= 0.49, 95% CI =0.15-1.56) and successful treatment outcome.Conclusion: Unemployment was a predictor of poor treatment outcome in this study. Cause-specific mortality due to the MDR TB was high in this setting. We advocate for optimization of access to treatment and social support system, especially for the female patients.

Keywords: Gene Xpert; Intensive phase; MDR-TB; Treatment outcomes; Nigeria.
Effects of two rhizobacteria inoculants on maize growth performance at different concentrations of glyphosate
Authors: Akintokun P.O. , Ezaka E. , Akintokun A.K. , Oyedele O.A.
Published: September 2020

The use of Rhizobacteria as biofertilizer is on the increase due to the ability of some of the bacteria to solubilize some insoluble essential nutrients in the soil and produce phytohormones necessary for plant growth. The effectiveness of two plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (Bacillus cereus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) in plant growth promotion at different concentrations of glyphosate were evaluated. Some agronomic parameters such as plant height, size of girth, number of leaves on the screen house and field were measured and recorded. The results of the effects of P. aeruginosa on the height of maize at different concentrations showed that the plants inoculated with the isolates and planted on the soil without glyphosate (control) recorded the highest height on the 2nd (34.9 cm), 4th (52.45 cm), 6th (61.17 cm) and 8th (66.25 cm) weeks after planting, when compared to those planted on the soil spiked with different concentrations of glyphosate. The effects of the isolates on the size of girth of maize on the soil spiked with different concentrations of glyphosate showed the highest girth size on the soil inoculated with P. aeruginosa eight weeks after planting (8 WAP) with a girth size of 2.0cm and least at 14.4 mg/ml of glyphosate with a girth size of 1.2 cm at 8 weeks after planting. Similar trend was observed on the soil inoculated with B. cereus (without glyphosate) with the highest girth in the 2nd and 4th WAP (1.02 and 1.42 cm, respectively). The results of our field studies showed no significant difference (P≤0.05) in the height and number of leaves of the maize at different treatments and time (weeks after planting). Similar trend was observed i n the yield of maize. This study has shown that these isolates can be useful as biofertilizers especially in the absence or at low concentration of glyphosate.

Keywords: Rhizobacteria, maize, Inoculants, Plant-growth-promotion.
Precocious puberty in a 24 month old Nigerian girl: case report
Authors: Oluwayemi I.O. , Afolabi A.A. , Adeniji E.O. , Ayeni T.O.
Published: September 2020

Precocious puberty refers to the appearance of signs of puberty at an earlier age than is considered normal. It occurs ten times more commonly in  girls than in boys. The overall incidence ranged from 1/5000 to 1/10,000 children. The cause is idiopathic in 90% of cases of female precocious  puberty. We present BA a 24 month old female toddler who presented with one year history of progressive breast development and 6 month history of pubic hair growth. There was associated increasing weight, height and vaginal secretion. There was no similar occurrence in the family. Mother attained menarche at 14 years of age. Essential finding at presentation revealed a toddler who is heavy and tall for age with a weight of 17kg (>95th percentile for age and sex), height of 90.5cm (90th percentile for age and sex), Occipito-frontal circumference of 49cm (normal). Her sexual maturityrating was Tanner stage 3 for breasts and stage 2 for pubic hair. An assessment of precocious puberty was made. Her investigation result showed an advanced bone age of 5 years; elevated serum gonadotrophins in the pubertal range; and essentially normal cranial CT. Abdomino-pelvic USS showed an enlarged uterus for age, and a dominant right follicle with internal echo measuring 17.1mm X 15.2mm. Parents were counseled on the need for treatment to arrest the progression of precocious puberty but yet to respond because of financial constraint after 2 years of diagnosis. Female precocious puberty is ten times more common than male precocious puberty. The aetiology is idiopathic in 90% of cases and It is amenable to treatment. Integration of the investigation and treatment of childhood endocrine disorders into the National Health Insurance scheme will be a great panacea to the challenge of prompt management in developing countries.
Keywords: Precocious, puberty, 24 months old, female, idiopathic, poverty, Nigeria
Usefulness of rapid diagnostic test in the diagnosis of asymptomatic malaria in HIV infected children on cotrimoxazole prophylaxis in Benin City, Nigeria
Authors: Ibadin M.O. , Eghafona N.
Published: September 2020

Background: Rapid diagnostic test (mRDT) is a useful tool in demonstrating parasitologically proven malaria. Its efficacy is however hampered  when parasite density is low. Prophylactic use of cotrimoxazoleas in cases of HIV infected children can cause reduction in parasite count. It is  doubtful if mRDT will retain its diagnostic usefulness among such individuals.Objectives: The study sought to evaluate the diagnostic value of mRDT in HIV infected children on cotrimoxazole prophylaxis in Benin City.Methods: In the prospective, cross sectional and descriptive study, we assessed malaria parasitaemia using standard methods in microscopy and parasite density and malaria antigenaemia using Care Start Pf (monoclonal antibodies specific to histidine rich protein – 2 antigen) in 221 each of HIV infected subjects on cotrimoxazole managed in a specialist clinic and HIV negative controls all seen at the University of Benin Teaching Hospital between April and June 2016.Results: Malaria antigenaemia rate MAr (20.8%) was lower than malaria parasitaemia rate MPr (24.4%) in subjects. MAr (20.8) and MPr (24.4%) in  subjects were higher than MAr (18.10%) and MPr (17.7%) in controls. Mean (SEM) parasite count in subjects of was low (50.88 + 2.24 per μl). Using microscopy as gold standard the sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV of mRDT in subjects were 77.8%, 97.6%, 91.3% and 93.1%. Corresponding values in controls were 100.0%, 99.5%, 97.5% and 100.0%.Youden indices for subjects and controls were 0.75 and 0.99.Conclusions/Recommendations: Sensitivity of mRDT in HIV infected children on cotrimoxazole prophylaxis for opportunistic infections (OI) is reduced. However the indices of specificity, PPV and NPV are high enough to retain its value in the evaluation of HIV infected children for  asymptomatic malaria and perhaps the clinical disease.
Keywords: mRDT, Utility, HIVinfected Children, Cotrimoxazoleprophylaxis, Benin City
Complementary feeding practices and nutritional status of young children in a community in Sokoto
Authors: Yusuf T. , Jibrin B.
Published: September 2020

Background: Complementary feeding is the cornerstone of child’s nutrition. Most malnourished children had their predicament originating from  the period of transition from breastfeeding to family diet.
Objectives: To determine the complementary feeding practices and nutritional status of young children in Gwiwa community.
Materials and  Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out in Gwiwa community, Wammakko LGA, Sokoto State between January and June,  2018. Three hundred and ten mothers with their children aged 6 –36 months were interviewed using structured interviewer - administered questionnaire and the children’s nutritional status was assessed using WHO classification of malnutrition. Data was analysed using SPSS version22.0.A p-value ≤0.05 was taken as significan.
Results: One hundred and forty (45.2%) respondents were aged  15 – 24years and 168(54.2%) were of low socio-economic class. There were 190  males and 120 females with 66 (21.3%) children exclusively bre as t - fed for 6months. The mean age of cessation of breast feeding was 17.8 ±3.6 months. One hundred and sixty-nine (54.5%) children commenced complementary feeding at 6-8month of age with the mean age of 5.7(±2.6) months. One hundred and eighty-four (59.4%) used plain pap with 41.2% fed more than 3 times per day. Eighty-two (26.5%), 56(18.1%) and 76 (24.5%) children were underweight, wasted and stunted respectively.
Conclusion: The complementary feeding practices were suboptimal in this community and might explain the poor nutritional status of their under- fives. Efforts should be geared towards optimal complementary feeding practices in this community.
Key words: Complementary, Feeding, Practice, Nutritional, Status, Under-5.
Supplementation of Holstein dairy calves fed two levels of crude protein with methionine and lysine
Authors: Niroumand M. , Rezayazdi K. , Ganjkhanlou M.
Published: September 2020

This study aimed to investigate various levels of crude protein (CP) in starter diets and their supplementation with amino acids (AAs) on efficiency, health, and serum metabolites of dairy calves. Ninety-six newborn Holstein calves were allocated to eight treatments, namely T1) 18% CP unsupplemented starter, T2) T1 supplemented with additional 20% methionine, T3) T1 with additional 20% lysine and 20% methionine, T4) T1 with additional 20% lysine, T5) 22% CP unsupplemented starter, T6) T5 supplemented with additional 20% methionine, T7) T5 supplemented with additional 20% lysine and 20% methionine, and T8) T5 supplemented with additional 20% lysine. Consumption of the starter was not influenced by the level of CP. Calves that received the unsupplemented 22% CP starter had higher average daily gain (ADG) and final weight. But no significant differences among diets were found in feed efficiency. Skeletal growth did not exhibit a clear trend. Calves that received T3 had fewer bouts of diarrhea and reduced body temperature. However, there were no significant dietary effects on immunoglobin G (IgG) or total protein concentration in blood. T1–T3 decreased serum urea concentration. Thus, use of T3 resulted in an improved amino acid balance, and was less expensive than the 22% CP starter.Keywords: amino acid, feed intake, immunity, pre-ruminant calf
Effect of partial replacement of soybean and corn with raw or processed chickpea
Authors: Şengü A.Y. , Çalişlar S.
Published: September 2020

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of using raw and processed chickpeas in various ways and levels in rations of egg-laying quail on egg yolk fat content, egg yolk fatty acid profile and some blood parameters. Chickpeas were used raw, autoclaved, and microwaved, and were included in the rations on two levels (20% and 40%). The treatments were designed as seven groups, consisting of control, 20% and 40% raw, 20% and 40% autoclaved, and 20% and 40% microwaved. Each group was designed as three repetitions. Quail were housed in multi-storey cages for nine weeks. As a result, the differences between the control and treatment groups were significant (P <0.05, P <0.01) in terms of the ratios of linoleic acid, α-linoleic acid, total saturated fatty acids, and palmitic acid among the egg yolk fatty acids and significant in the ALT levels of the blood parameters (P <0.01), and not significant for the other parameters.Keywords: blood parameters, chickpeas, cholesterol, fatty acids, quail
Attention et traitement du contexte au sein du trouble de personnalité psychopathique : Intérêt des concepts et modèles théoriques
Authors: Van Malderen Sophie , Vicenzutto Audrey , Rinaldi Romain , Lefebvre Laurent , Pham Thierry
Published: September 2020

L’attention et le traitement du contexte constituent deux fonctions cognitives indispensables au comportement humain. D’un côté, l’attention soutient la réalisation d’une activité réflexive et permet, par conséquent, l’adaptation à de nouvelles situations. De l’autre, le traitement du contexte est essentiel pour l’adaptation flexible des comportements. Ainsi, un déficit attentionnel impacte les autres fonctions cognitives et qu’un dysfonctionnement du traitement des informations contextuelles engendre des déficits comportementaux et sociaux. Ces derniers sont observés chez les individus présentant un trouble de la personnalité psychopathique. Dans cet article, basé sur une revue de la littérature, le modèle du déficit de modulation de la réponse sera développé. Ce modèle permet de comprendre les difficultés attentionnelles et de traitement du contexte chez les individus atteints du trouble de personnalité psychopathique. L’importance de ces concepts dans la psychopathie sera également soulignée.
Determination of Red Cell Indices Cut-off for Identifying Iron Deficiency Anaemia among Pre-school Children with Sickle Cell Anaemia
Authors: Akodu OS , Adekanmbi FA , Ogunlesi TA
Published: September 2020

Nigerian pre-school children have a high risk of developing iron deficiency and there is no consistent evidence that patients with sickle cell anaemia are protected from iron deficiency anaemia. The objective is to explore red cell indices cut-off values useful as surrogate for detecting iron deficiency in children with sickle cell anaemia. Ninety-seven children with sickle cell anaemia were recruited from Children Outpatient. Reference intervals were developed using the 2.5th – 97.5th, 3.0rd – 97.0th, 5 – 95th, and 10th – 90th percentile intervals for MCV and MCH. The discriminatory performance of the proposed red cell indices criterion was assessed by use of sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, likelihood ratio and predictive values. The 2.5th, 3rd, 5th, 10th, 90th, 95th, 97th, and 97.5th percentile values were: MCV (62.7, 63.6, 66.5, 69.6, 86.3, 87.7, 89.5, and 90.1fl), and MCH (19.0, 19.5, 20.8, 21.4, 28.2, 29.1, 29.5 and 29.7pg). The various calculated cut-off points for the MCV and MCH had lower sensitivity but a higher specificity for detecting iron deficiency than the standard reference values for the general population. The calculated cut-off point for the study subjects below the 10th percentiles had the best discriminatory performance. The cut-off for iron deficiency was 69.6fl for MCV and 21.4pg for MCH either use singly or in combination. In conclusion, standard reference cut-offs of MCV and MCH based on results from western individuals without sickle cell anaemia of the same age are not in agreement with the estimated values for children with sickle cell anaemia in Nigeria.
Place of Delivery among Antenatal Clinic Attendees at a Rural Community in North-Western Nigeria
Authors: Takai IU , Ali HG , Attah RA , Yakasai IA
Published: September 2020

In developing countries, most deliveries take place without a skilled birth attendance. This lack of skilled birthattendance could be considered as one of the major factors contributing to maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality. The use of facility-based delivery system helps to reduce various complications during childbirth, which may be affected by social and cultural norms among several other factors. This study was to assess the proportion of pregnant women delivering at home and the role of socioeconomic and demographic factors affecting the choice of place of delivery among pregnant women attending antenatal, postnatal and Immunization clinic at Rano General Hospital, Kano. This is a cross sectional study carried out between September 2018 to November 2018 among 310 pregnant women who had at least delivered once and are attending antenatal care, post-natal or immunization clinic at the General hospital in Rano local government area of Kano state within the study period. Data was collected using interviewer administered questionnaire which was interpreted to those participants who cannot understand English language. Data obtained was entered into excel spread sheet 2018 and subsequently analyzed using SPSS 2016 version 20. Multivariateregression methods were used for measuring the associations between socio-demographic variables and place of delivery. About 310 questionnaires were distributed of which 100% retrieval rate was achieved. A total of 281 (90.6%) received antenatal services at least once during their previous pregnancy among which 183 (59.03%) of them had home delivery. The respondents were between the ages of 18-37 years with the mean age of 24.9 ± 5.1 years. Minimum age of the respondents was 18 years, while the maximum age was 37 years. The main reasons for home delivery were, previous delivery was at home and complication free, short interval between onset of labor and delivery and also husband and mother in-law's decision. This study has shown that there is still high rate of home delivery among antenatal clinic attendees. This home delivery is usually preferred to hospital delivery by their husbands and mother in-laws as they consider it to be safe and more convenient. There is therefore need to educate women on early signs of labor and address the importance of health care delivery to prevent complications which may increase the maternal mortality rate.
ANALISA PENGANGKUTAN TANDAN BUAH SEGAR DENGAN TEKNIK SPC (Statistical Process Control)
Authors: Saragih Dina Arfianti , Sanandra Debby , Simbolon Washington
Published: September 2020

This study aims to determine the effectiveness of the Palm Oil Fresh Fruit Bunch transportation system. This research was conducted at Air Batu Estate Afdeling I PTPN IV, which is located in Asahan Regency, North Sumatra. This research was conducted in July to August 2018. The method used in this study was a descriptive method by taking data in the field about the arrangement of transportation of oil palm fresh fruit bunches. Observations made included information on the Air Batu estate, estimated daily harvest, transport transportation, daily production and transportation, and obstacles or obstacles to the transportation process. Based on observations made, it was found that: (1) The average loading process time for the rotation II was 64.22 minutes, the average time of the transport process from Afdeling I to PKS for the rotation II was 28.68 minutes, and the average time average unloading process at PKS is duration 18.30 minutes, (2) Based on the SPC for the value of Cp and Cpk for loading, transporting and unloading processing time can be said to be less effective with Cp and Cpk values <1, (3) Average number of trips per day in August 2018 which is 2 trips / day. The theoretical trip calculation results are 4 trips / day, (4) The average number of daily harvest production in August 2018 in Afdeling I of Batu Air Farm 34,542 kg TBS. Daily crop yields are still below the daily harvest planning target of 38,307 kg FFB, and (5) The speed of the truck is 12.6 km/hr, this is due to the damaged and bupy road.
Diferencias relacionadas al Sexo en pacientes con Infarto Agudo de Miocardio ST elevado
Authors: Chávez Francisco , Espinola Sandra , Chacón Manuel
Published: September 2020

Objective: To determine the epidemiological characteristics, location of the infarction, type and times of reperfusion, as well as in-hospital adverse events, distributed by sex in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) in Peru.
Methods: It is a sub-analysis of the PEruvian Registry of ST-segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction (PERSTEMI), which was an observational, prospective and multicenter study about patients over 18years-old, who were hospitalized for ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. Epidemiological and clinical characteristics, management and in-hospital adverse events were compared according to sex.
Results: 396 patients were studied, 20.9% were female, with a predominance of octogenarian populationover men. High blood pressure was the most frequent risk factor in women (74.7 Vs. 50%, p =0.001); as well as atypical clinical manifestations such as dyspnea (40.9 Vs. 27.1%, p = 0.012) and syncope (10.8 vs. 3.8%, p = 0.017). On the other hand, the inferior wall myocardial infarction was more frequent in women (51.8 vs. 38.98%). There were no significant differences regarding the reperfusion therapy used (Fibrinolysis, primary PCI, PCI in general); as well as in times of ischemia (6 vs. 5.6 hours, p = 0.456), reperfusion times and hospital stay between both sexes. However, the female sex presented higher in-hospital mortality (21.6 vs. 7%, p = 0.001), mechanical complications (8.4 vs. 1.9%, p =0.008), cardiogenic shock (15.6 vs. 9.5%, p= 0.087) and heart failure (33.7 vs. 24.9%, p = 0.072).
Conclusions: STEMI in females presents at significantly older age compared to males and is associated with higher in-hospital mortality and mechanical complications.