bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Disease-Free Survival for Patients with Thin Melanomas according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer 8th Edition
Authors:   Fernández-de-Misa Cabrera, Gambra Michel Luisa Elena , Uña Gorospe Jon , López Figueroa Antonio Luis , Mullor Nogales Raquel , Martínez Cedrés José Carlos , Cabrera Suárez Miguel Ángel , Garrido Ríos Sofía , Hernández Hernández Noelia , Suárez Hernández José , Allende Riera Ana
Published: May 2019

Background: The recently implemented AJCC 8th edition TNM staging system for malignant melanoma (MM) changed the definition for T1a and T1b tumours. Objectives: To analyse differences in disease-free survival (DFS) among patients with thin MM staged according to both AJCC 7th and 8th editions. Methods: An observational study including 285 patients with cutaneous thin MM (thickness ≤1 mm). Cases were staged as T1a and T1b using both 7th and 8th editions. Neither regional nor visceral diseases were present at diagnosis. DFS curves were generated according to the Kaplan-Meier method. Results: An 8% shift of patients from a T1a towards a T1b stage group was observed after applying the AJCC 8th edition. According to this 8th edition, DFS for T1a patients was significantly longer than for T1b patients (log-rank test; p = 0.005); 5-year DFS for T1a and T1b was 100 and 95%, respectively (Wilcoxon test; p = 0.002). According to the AJCC 7th edition, DFS did not significantly differ for T1a and T1b patients; 5-year DFS for T1a and T1b was 99 and 97%, respectively (p > 0.05). Conclusions: The AJCC 8th edition seems to be a better tool for staging thin melanomas.
Fraction of Inspired Oxygen as a Predictor of CPAP Failure in Preterm Infants with Respiratory Distress Syndrome: A Prospective Multicenter Study
Authors: Gulczyńska Ewa , Szczapa Tomasz , Hożejowski Roman , Borszewska-Kornacka Maria Katarzyna , Rutkowska Magdalena
Published: May 2019

Introduction: There are limited data available regarding the fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO2) predictive of the failure of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) in preterm infants with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). Therefore, we investigated factors predictive of CPAP failure in the first 72 h of life, with special attention to the prognostic role of FiO2. Methods: This multicenter, prospective study enrolled infants <30 weeks gestation in whom CPAP was initiated within the first 15 min after birth. In the univariate and multivariate logistic regression models, demographic, perinatal, and respiratory parameters were analyzed. The FiO2 threshold was determined with ROC curve analysis. Results: Of 389 recruited newborns, CPAP failure occurred in 108 infants (27.8%). In the univariate model, each gestational week reduced the odds of CPAP failure by 19%, and each 100 g of birth weight reduced the odds by 16% (both p < 0.05). The risk was increased by 4.2 and 7.5% for each 0.01 increase in FiO2in the first and second hours of life, respectively. In the final multivariate model, birth weight and FiO2 in the second hour of life were the predictive measures. The prognostic threshold was FiO2 = 0.29 in the second hour of life (AUC 0.7; p < 0.0001), with a sensitivity of 73% and a specificity of 57%. CPAP failure implied a more than 20-fold higher risk of death and pneumothorax and a 2- to 5-fold higher risk of typical complications of prematurity, including bronchopulmonary dysplasia and severe intraventricular hemorrhage. Conclusion: FiO2 in the second hour of life is a significantpredictor of CPAP failure. The threshold of 0.29 best discriminates the CPAP outcome. Nonresponders to CPAP have a remarkably higher incidence of complications and a higher mortality rate.
A Retrospective Cohort Study on Patients with Lentigo Maligna Melanoma
Authors: Fröhlich Selina M. , Cazzaniga Simone , Kaufmann Lilian S. , Hunger Robert E. , Seyed Jafari S. Morteza
Published: May 2019

Background: More epidemiological data about lentigo maligna melanoma (LMM) are required to define follow-up guidelines. The study focused on recurrence, progression, and overall survival of LMM managed with primary wide local excision. Methods: In a 23-year retrospective study (1994 to 2016), a cohort of patients with LMM was evaluated by collecting data about the tumor location, the Breslow depth, the presence of ulceration, and patients’ age and sex. Local recurrences, locoregional and distant metastases, and disease-free and overall survival were additionally assessed. Results: Overall, 150 cases (84 male, 66 female, mean age 71.3 ± 11.3 years) of single, localized, primary LMM with a mean follow-up of 6.6 ± 4.4 years were included. A total of 33 (22.2%) patients underwent sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) during surgical excision. However, positive SLNB was detected in none of them. The multivariable Cox analysis indicated that age of diagnosis and male gender significantly influenced the overall survival, while a shorter disease-free survival could be correlated with a greater Breslow thickness. The metastatic potential turned out to be low, entailing 7 deaths in the context of the LMM. Conclusion: Male gender, age over 70 at diagnosis, and a Breslow thickness greater than 0.75 mm were associated with a statistically significant decrease in overall disease-free survival in the current study. The results of the study confirm the favorable outcome of LMM. However, diagnosed patients should undertake regular follow-ups. The intensity of follow-up in these patients can be individualized based on the probability of recurrence/metastasis and overall survival. Furthermore, the study showed that SLNB might not be a necessary staging procedure in patients with LMM.
Staphylococcus epidermidis: A Potential New Player in the Physiopathology of Acne?
Authors: Claudel Jean-Paul , Auffret Nicole , Leccia Marie-Thérèse , Poli Florence , Corvec Stéphane , Dréno Brigitte
Published: May 2019

Background: Cutibacterium acnes has been identified as one of the main triggers of acne. However, increasing knowledge of the human skin microbiome raises questions about the role of other skin commensals, such as Staphylococcus epidermidis, in the physiopathology of this skin disease. Summary: This review provides an overview of current knowledge of the potential role of S. epidermidis in the physiopathology of acne. Recent research indicates that acne might be the result of an unbalanced equilibrium between C. acnes and S. epidermidis,according to dedicated interactions. Current treatments act on C. acnesonly. Other treatment options may be considered, such as probiotics derived from S. epidermidis to restore the naturally balanced microbiota or through targeting the regulation of the host’s AMP mediators. Key Messages: Research seems to confirm the beneficial role of S. epidermidis in acne by limiting C. acnes over-colonisation and inflammation.
The Adapted Lifestyle-Integrated Functional Exercise Program for Preventing Functional Decline in Young Seniors: Development and Initial Evaluation
Authors: Schwenk Michael , Bergquist Ronny , Boulton Elisabeth , Van Ancum Jeanine M. , Nerz Corinna , Weber Michaela , Barz Carolin , Jonkman Nini H. , Taraldsen Kristin , Helbostad Jorunn L. , Vereijken Beatrix , Pijnappels Mirjam , Maier Andrea B. , Zhang Wei , Becker Clemens , Todd Chris , Clemson Lindy , Hawley-Hague Helen
Published: May 2019

Background: The Lifestyle-integrated Functional Exercise (LiFE) program is an intervention integrating balance and strength activities into daily life, effective at reducing falls in at-risk people ≥70 years. There is potential for LiFE to be adapted to young seniors in order to prevent age-related functional decline. Objective: We aimed to (1) develop an intervention by adapting Lifestyle-integrated Functional Exercise (aLiFE) to be more challenging and suitable for preventing functional decline in young seniors in their 60s and (2) perform an initial feasibility evaluation of the program. Pre-post changes in balance, mobility, and physical activity (PA) were also explored. Methods: Based on a conceptual framework, a multidisciplinary expert group developed an initial aLiFE version, including activities for improving strength, neuromotor performances, and PA. Proof-of-concept was evaluated in a 4-week pre-post intervention study measuring (1) feasibility including adherence, frequency of practice, adverse events, acceptability (i.e., perceived helpfulness, adaptability, level of difficulty of single activities), and safety, and (2) changes in balance/mobility (Community Balance and Mobility Scale) and PA (1 week activity monitoring). The program was refined based on the study results. Results: To test the initial aLiFE version, 31 young seniors were enrolled and 30 completed the study (mean age 66.4 ± 2.7 years, 60% women). Of a maximum possible 16 activities, participants implemented on average 12.1 ± 1.8 activities during the intervention, corresponding to mean adherence of 76%. Implemented activities were practiced 3.6–6.1 days/week and 1.8–7.8 times/day, depending on the activity type. One noninjurious fall occurred during practice, although the participant continued the intervention. The majority found the activities helpful, adaptable to individual lifestyle, appropriately difficult, and safe. CMBS score increased with medium effect size (d = 0.72, p = 0.001). Increase in daily walking time (d = 0.36) and decrease in sedentary time (d = –0.10) were nonsignificant. Refinements included further increasing the task challenge of some strength activities and defining the most preferred activities in the trainer’s manual to facilitate uptake of the program. Conclusion: aLiFE has the potential to engage young seniors in regular lifestyle-integrated activities. Effectiveness needs to be evaluated in a randomized controlled trial.
Recombinant Buckwheat Trypsin Inhibitor Improves the Protein and Mitochondria Homeostasis in Caenorhabditis elegans Model of Aging and Age-Related Disease
Authors: Li Jiao , Cui Xiaodong , Ma Xiaoli , Li Chen , Wang Zhuanhua
Published: May 2019

Background: With the acceleration of aging process in human society, improvements of the physical functionality and life quality in the elderly population are more meaningful than pure longevity. Buckwheat trypsin inhibitor is a low molecular weight polypeptide extracted from buckwheat, which is a beneficial food for improving the health in the elderly. Objectives: The aim of the current study was to evaluate the potential beneficial effects of recombinant buckwheat trypsin inhibitor (rBTI) on age-dependent function decline and the primary mechanism. Method: Day 10 N2 Caenorhabditis elegans and day 6 AM140 C. elegans cultured at 25°C were used as models of aging and age-related disease, respectively. Motor function was as an indicator of age-dependent function. ATP content and damage mitochondrial DNA mass were detected to assess mitochondrial damage and function by ATP Assay Kit and agarose gel electrophoresis, respectively. Soluble protein content was quantified by SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Autophagy-related genes transcription levels, autophagy marker proteins lgg-1, and lysosomal content were analyzed to quantify autophagy levels by qRT-PCR, transgenic C. elegans, and lysosomal staining. Autophagy inhibitor chloroquine, daf-16 mutant, and RNA Interference were used to determine the roles of autophagy and DAF-16 in rBTI-mediated effects. Results: In this study, we found that rBTI could decrease the proportions of insoluble protein and impaired mitochondria, finally reduce motility deficits in both models. Further study indicated that rBTI activated the autophagy, and the inhibition of autophagy reduced rBTI-mediated beneficial effects. Genetic analyses showed the transcriptional activity of DAF-16 was increased by rBTI and was required for rBTI-mediated beneficial effects. Conclusions: These data indicated that rBTI might promote the autophagy to alleviate the age-related functional decline via DAF-16 in C. elegans and suggested a potential role of rBTI as a nutraceutical for the improvement of age-related complications.
Fact or Fiction: Children’s Acquired Knowledge of Islam through Mothers’ Testimony
Authors: Summers Nicole Marie , Saffaf Falak
Published: May 2019

One way in which information about the unknown is socialized to children is through adult testimony. Sharing false testimony about others with children may foster inaccurate perceptions and may result in prejudicially based divisions amongst children. As part of a larger study, mothers were instructed to read and discuss an illustrated story about Arab-Muslim refugees from Syria with their 6- to 8-year-olds (n = 31). Parent-child discourse during two pages of this book was examined for how mothers used Islam as a talking point. Results indicated that only 50% of mothers and 13% of children shared accurate testimony about Islam. However, while 35% of children admitted uncertainty in their knowledge, only 3% of mothers admitted uncertainty. These results highlight the importance of parents sharing the confidence in their knowledge. If parents teach inaccurate information about other religions, it may create a greater divide between children of different religious backgrounds.
Turning Water into Wine
Authors: Orozco-Giraldo Consuelo , Harris Paul L.
Published: May 2019

Young children judge that violations of ordinary, causal constraints are impossible. Yet children’s religious beliefs typically include the assumption that such violations can occur via divine agency in the form of miracles. We conducted two studies to examine this potential conflict. In Study 1, we invited 5- and 6-year-old Colombian children attending either a secular or a religious school to judge what is and is not possible. Children made their judgments either following a minimal prompt or following a reminder of God’s extraordinary powers. Irrespective of their education, and whether or not they had been reminded of God’s extraordinary powers, children systematically judged violations of ordinary, causal constraints to be impossible. In Study 2, we asked if more extensive reminders of God’s special powers would prompt religious children to say that the impossible can happen. Five- and 6-year-old Colombian children attending either a secular or a religious school were presented with narratives in which the protagonist desired an ordinarily impossible outcome. In half the stories, the protagonist prayed to God for the desired outcome. Irrespective of education and of whether the protagonist prayed, children systematically concluded that the desired outcome would not occur and justified that conclusion by reference to ordinary causal constraints. Nevertheless, in a minority of their replies children did assert that violations of ordinary causality are possible. Overall, irrespective of their religious education, young children judge that events rarely deviate from their natural course; only occasionally do they acknowledge exceptions.
Invisible Bodies
Authors: Li Lan A.
Published: May 2019

This essay explores the ways in which Lu Gwei-djen (1904–91) served as a gatekeeper for interpreting medicine in China in the second half of the twentieth century. After retiring from science in 1956, Lu set out to write one of the first comprehensive English-language histories of medicine in China. Through a close study of Lu’s work notes and marginalia from later in her life, this essay examines how she carefully articulated the material characteristics of a “Chinese” medicine that gave rise to jingluo, or therapeutic paths often known as “meridians.” I argue that at the heart of this uneasy comparison was the difficult process of translating across multiple expressions of physiology. By placing Lu Gwei-djen at the center of a feminist intellectual history of medicine, this essay further shows how Lu’s translations were influenced by the social hierarchies in which she was embedded, including cultural, gender, and temporal dualities.
Sociology of a Regional Medicine
Authors: Abraham Leena
Published: May 2019

The trajectories of the twentieth-century modernization of Ayurveda varied in different parts of India. This article, which is based on interviews with Ayurvedic practitioners from several social backgrounds and training modalities, analyzes the social dimensions of Ayurveda’s transformation in twentieth-century Kerala, South India. It argues that in the twentieth century Ayurvedic practitioners from two caste groups, Ezhavas and Brahmans, who belonged to established medical lineages were active in the institutionalization of a distinctive therapeutic tradition in the region that is now known as Kerala. Both groups devised new pedagogic, clinical, and manufacturing strategies to protect their family- and caste-based medical lineages and made good use of the new avenues offered by the modern state, modernized Ayurvedic education, and the market to reproduce, adapt, and consolidate their position in Ayurveda in the region. The concept of “inheritance capital” is used to explore the consolidation and reproduction of regional medical lineages and the associated social advantages over successive generations.
Avicenna against Mathematical Platonism
Authors: Zarepour Mohammad Saleh
Published: May 2019

In this paper I investigate Avicenna’s criticisms of the separateness of mathematical objects and of the view that they are principles for natural things. These two theses form the core of Plato’s view of mathematics; i.e., mathematical Platonism. Surprisingly, Avicenna does not consider his arguments against these theses as attacks on Plato. This is because his understanding of Plato’s philosophy of mathematics differs from both Plato’s original view and what Aristotle attributes to Plato.
The International Legal Framework for Belt and Road Energy Cooperation: Progress and Prospect
Authors: Shan Wenhua , Wang Peng
Published: May 2019

This article surveys the existing international legal framework governing China’s energy cooperation with the Belt and Road countries at multilateral, regional and bilateral levels. A satisfying international legal framework should manage to balance the legal certainty and political acceptability needed for energy cooperation. We argue that political acceptability was the primary goal driving the current energy legal framework, providing basic rules for energy cooperation. However, these rules did not sufficiently legalize and institutionalize the investment environment. China should endeavor to promote a comprehensive Belt and Road Energy Framework on the basis of intra-network diversification. By increasing the redundancy of the energy network infrastructure and allowing countries to import and export energy via multiple routes, China can contribute to the achievement of a more secure energy market.
North Asian Hydrocarbon Markets Regionalised
Authors: Belyi Andrei V.
Published: May 2019

This article analyses the three main hydrocarbon markets in North Asia (oil, pipeline gas and liquified natural gas) and outlines their historical development and future potential with regard to China’s Belt and Road Initiative (BRI). It concludes that that the oil market may evolve towards a proper regional market even without strong support from the BRI. By contrast, the regional gas pipeline development remains embryonic, while China might be willing to intensify the development of liquefied natural gas (LNG) as opposed to pipeline gas. The long-term market trend indicates that capital-intensive infrastructure projects are not always necessary during an energy glut. Instead of pipeline investment, the BRI should focus on the emergence of a decentralised market for the supply of LNG.
A new species of Mesosetum (Poaceae: Paspaleae: Arthropogoninae) with a winged rachis from Serra da Canastra, Minas Gerais, Brazil
Authors: DE OLIVEIRA REGINA CÉLIA , WELKER CASSIANO A. DORNELES , FIEKER CAROLLINE ZATTA , FILGUEIRAS TARCISO S. , SOUSA MAYCO W. DOS SANTOS
Published: May 2019

A new species of Mesosetum with a winged rachis, only known from Serra da Canastra, Minas Gerais, Brazil, is described and illustrated. The new species (Mesosetum canastrense) is morphologically similar to M. alatum, but it is distinguished mainly by the collar with a continuous line of trichomes (vs. absent or interrupted in M. alatum), synflorescences 6‒9(‒12) cm long (vs. 2.2‒3.2(‒7.5) cm long), pedicels with a truncate apex (vs. oblique), spikelets with the base surrounded by long appressed trichomes 0.8‒1.2 mm long (vs. glabrous or with short sparse trichomes ca. 0.2 mm long) and with an inconspicuous callus (vs. conspicuous and geniculate), and the lower anthecium neuter (vs. staminate or neuter). Additionally, the two species also differ in geographical distribution, since M. alatum only occurs in the Brazilian state of Mato Grosso.
Macrobiotus derkai, a new species of Tardigrada (Eutardigrada, Macrobiotidae, huziori group) from the Colombian Andes (South America)
Authors: DEGMA PETER , MICHALCZYK ŁUKASZ , KACZMAREK ŁUKASZ
Published: May 2019

A new species, Macrobiotus derkai sp. nov., is described from a moss sample collected in the alpine zone of Sierra Nevada del Cocuy Mts (NE Colombia). It differs from the most similar species, Macrobiotus huziori Michalczyk & Kaczmarek, 2006 mainly in the location of the second macroplacoid and in the dimensions of accessory points on the claws. Eggs of the new species have the same type of areolation as eggs of M. huziori but they differ from the latter in the size and number of processes. The differences between the new species and others having similar number and shape of placoids are discussed. An identification key for these species is also provided. A round depression on the dorsal head cuticle is reported in Tardigrada for the first time. The results of a morphometric analysis of the new species are also given.
A new species of leaf fish, Nandus andrewi (Teleostei: Perciformes: Nandidae) from northeastern India
Authors: NG HEOK HEE , JAAFAR ZEEHAN
Published: May 2019

Nandus andrewi sp. nov. is described from the Ichamati River in northeastern India. It differs from all congeners in having a bluish white (vs. mottled brown) body in life, and a combination of the following characters: body depth 24.3– 29.1% SL, pectoral fin length 15.1–18.5%, pelvic fin length 16.2–18.9% SL, eye diameter 18.3–21.7% HL, a dark spot on the caudal peduncle, and 45–52 lateral-line scales. A key to the species of Nandus is also provided.
A new cunaxid genus with descriptions of two new species from Brazil (Acari: Prostigmata: Bdelloidea: Cunaxidae)
Authors: HEYER JACOB DEN , DE CASTRO TATIANE MARIE MARTINS GOMES
Published: May 2019

The genus Pseudobonzia Smiley 1975 is revised and divided into two genera. The genus Pseudobonzia Smiley, 1975, with its type species and five other related species, is retained. The remainder of the group is now known as Coleobonzia gen. nov. of which the main characteristics are provided. Coleobonzia argillae (Den Heyer, 1977) is designated as type species for the new genus. Two species from Brazil, viz. Coleobonzia clava sp. nov. and C. moraesi sp. nov. are described and figured. A key to the two genera as well as a key to the Brazilian and South African species of the new genus are provided.
Description of the larva of Simulium lobatoi Luna Dias, Hernandez, Maia-Herzog & Shelley (Diptera: Simuliidae) from Brazil
Authors: HERNÁNDEZ LUIS MIGUEL , HAMADA NEUSA , Pepinelli Mateus , KIKUCHI REGINA MAYUMI
Published: May 2019

Simulium lobatoi was described by Luna Dias et al. (2004) based on six biting females and 30 females and seven males, all reared, collected in the states of Mato Grosso and Goiás, Brazil.  The larva was not described, and the authors stated that the adults and pupa of S. lobatoi were morphologically related to species within Hemicnetha Enderlein and Trichodagmia Enderlein. However, they refrained from assigning this species to any known subgenus of Neotropical Simuliidae.
A review of the genus Ephysteris Meyrick, 1908 from China, with descriptions of two new species (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae)
Authors: LI HOUHUN , BIDZILYA OLEKSIY
Published: May 2019

Six Chinese species of the genus Ephysteris Meyrick are reviewed. Ephysteris montana sp. nov. is described from Sichuan and E. wenquana sp. nov. is described from Yunnan. Hitherto unknown male of E. subovata Povolný, 2001 and unknown female of E. flavida Povolný, 1969 are described. Descriptions and a key for all species are provided, with illustration of the adults, male and female genitalia.
New World direct-developing frogs (Anura: Terrarana): Molecular phylogeny, classification, biogeography, and conservation
Authors: HEDGES S. BLAIR , DUELLMAN WILLIAM E. , HEINICKE MATTHEW P.
Published: May 2019

New World frogs recently placed in a single, enormous family (Brachycephalidae) have direct development and reproduce on land, often far away from water. DNA sequences from mitochondrial and nuclear genes of 344 species were analyzed to estimate their relationships. The molecular phylogeny in turn was used as the basis for a revised classification of the group. The 882 described species are placed in a new taxon, Terrarana, and allocated to four families, four subfamilies, 24 genera, 11 subgenera, 33 species series, 56 species groups, and 11 species subgroups. Systematic accounts are provided for all taxa above the species level. Two families (Craugastoridae and Strabomantidae), three subfamilies (Holoadeninae, Phyzelaphryninae, and Strabomantinae), six genera (Bryophryne, Diasporus, Haddadus, Isodactylus, Lynchius, and Psychrophrynella), and two subgenera (Campbellius and Schwartzius) are proposed and named as new taxa, 13 subspecies are considered to be distinct species, and 613 new combinations are formed. Most of the 100 informal groups (species series, species groups, and species subgroups) are new or newly defined. Brachycephalus and Ischnocnema are placed in Brachycephalidae, a relatively small clade restricted primarily to southeastern Brazil. Eleutherodactylidae includes two subfamilies, four genera, and five subgenera and is centered in the Caribbean region. Craugastoridae contains two genera and three subgenera and is distributed mainly in Middle America. Strabomantidae is distributed primarily in the Andes of northwestern South America and includes two subfamilies, 16 genera, and three subgenera. Images and distribution maps are presented for taxa above the species level and a complete list of species is provided. Aspects of the evolution, biogeography, and conservation of Terrarana are discussed.
Three new free-living marine nematode species of Dorylaimopsis (Nematoda: Araeolaimida: Comesomatidae) from the South China Sea and the Chukchi Sea
Authors: FU SUJING , LEDUC DANIEL , RAO YIYONG , CAI LIZHE
Published: May 2019

Three new species of the free-living marine nematode genus Dorylaimopsis are described from the South China Sea and the Chukchi Sea. Dorylaimopsis longispicula sp. n. is characterized by cuticle with lateral differentiation consisting of four longitudinal rows of larger dots in pharyngeal and tail regions, two rows of larger dots elsewhere, long curved spicules, and 12–16 tubular precloacal supplements. Dorylaimopsis boucheri sp. n. is characterized by lateral differentiation consisting of 3–4 longitudinal rows of larger dots in males and 4–6 rows in females, beginning about 30 μm posterior to amphids and terminating at the conical portion of the tail, 13–16 tubular precloacal supplements, and distal part of tail cylindrical without terminal setae. Dorylaimopsis jinyuei sp. n. is characterized by cuticle with lateral differentiation in the form of longitudinal rows of larger dots in two separate regions, not along entire body. One region is from posterior edge of amphid to anterior of intestine or anterior border of pharyngeal bulb in some females (4–7 longitudinal rows), the other is the tail region (5–7 longitudinal rows). In this paper, Dorylaimopsis metatypica Chitwood, 1936 is transferred to Hopperia because it is characterized by lateral differentiation consisting of larger, irregularly-distributed coarse dots (as in Hopperia), and Hopperia communis Gagarin & Nguyen, 2006 is transferred to Dorylaimopsis based on the presence of longitudinal rows of coarse dots and a cylindrical buccal cavity in most specimens of this species. A dichotomous key to valid species of Dorylaimopsis Ditlevsen, 1918 is provided.
Characterization and mechanical response of novel Al-(Mg–TiFe–SiC) metal matrix composites developed by stir casting technique
Authors: Akinwamide Samuel O , Lemika Serge M , Obadele Babatunde A , Akinribide Ojo J , Abe Bolanle T , Olubambi Peter A
Published: May 2019

This study was conducted to investigate the synthesis, characterization and mechanical properties of aluminium reinforced with ferrotitanium and silicon carbide via stir casting technique. Microstructures of as-cast samples were analysed using optical and scanning electron microscopes equipped with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The mechanical properties in terms of hardness, tensile, tribological behaviour and fracture were assessed. Results showed that the homogeneous dispersion of reinforcement was within the metal matrix composite. Tribological study revealed a decrease in frictional coefficient of the composites with lowest frictional coefficient observed in composite with addition of silicon carbide as reinforcement. Morphology of fractured surface displayed a reduction in the size of dimples formed in reinforced aluminium composites when compared with larger dimple sizes observed in as-cast aluminium alloy.
Sex determination by discriminant function analysis using the human tibia in a Central Indian population
Authors: Chatterjee Preetika M , Krishan Kewal , Singh RK , Kanchan Tanuj
Published: May 2019

In human beings, sexual dimorphism can be well distinguished in almost every bone of the skeleton. Establishing a reliable biological profile is the foremost step in identifying human skeletal remains. Sex determination along with the estimation of age, stature and ancestry comprise the important parameters in establishing a biological profile. The pelvis and skull are considered the most reliable bones in sexing human remains. In the absence of the pelvis and skull, forensic scientists must rely upon other parts of the skeleton for sex assessment. Determination of sex from long bones based on morphological traits can be a challenging task, as there are a few morphological differences between the sexes for long bones. However, metric variations can prove to be helpful, as they are reproducible and more reliable. Metric analysis also has the added benefit of being less biased than nonmetric analysis. This study aimed to establish sex determination standards from tibiae using discriminant function analysis. A total of 17 measurements were taken on 162 dry tibiae (116 males and 46 females) of known sex and in the age range 20–60 years. Discriminant function analysis was performed to derive models for sexing of the tibiae. The breadth of the medial articular surface was observed to be the best parameter for sex prediction from metric measurements of the tibia. In stepwise analysis, only seven parameters – namely, the breadth of the medial articular surface, the condylo-malleolar length, the circumference at the nutrient foramen, the breadth of the lateral articular surface, the maximum length, the transverse diameter in the middle of the bone and the transverse diameter at the level of the nutrient foramen – were entered into the discriminant functions. Overall, the accuracy of sexing was observed to be 93.8% and 95% with the direct method and the stepwise method, respectively. This study provides a database and standards for sex estimation from tibiae based on discriminant function models. This investigation further concludes that tibiae can be used for sex determination in forensic examinations.
Transnational Representation in EU National Parliaments: Concept, Case Study, Research Agenda
Authors: Kinski Lucy , Crum Ben
Published: May 2019

This article introduces the notion of ‘transnational representation’ to refer to claims by national parliamentarians on behalf of citizens of other national constituencies. Thus defined, transnational representation combines insights from the constructivist turn in the theory of democratic representation with a renewed focus on national parliaments as the prime institutional sites of representation. A focus on transnational representation advances the debate on democratic representation in an age of internationalisation in two ways. First, it allows for a systematic and comparative analysis of how representation in parliaments responds to internationalisation. Second, it suggests a new perspective on the possible alignment of political representation with the range of affected interests. We illustrate these two claims with a case study of transnational representation in parliamentary debates on the European Financial Stability Facility and by outlining an agenda for further research.
Existence, Distribution, and Characteristics of STD Clinics in the United States, 2017
Authors: Meyerson Beth E. , Davis Alissa , Reno Hilary , Haderxhanaj Laura T. , Sayegh M. Aaron , Simmons Megan K. , Multani Gurprit , Naeyaert Lindsey , Meador Audra , Stoner Bradley P.
Published: May 2019

Objectives:

Studies of sexually transmitted disease (STD) clinics have been limited by the lack of a national list for representative sampling. We sought to establish the number, type, and distribution of STD clinics and describe selected community characteristics associated with them.

Methods:

We conducted a 2-phased, multilevel, online search from September 2014 through March 2015 and from May through October 2017 to identify STD clinics in all 50 US states and the District of Columbia. We obtained data on clinic name, address, contact information, and 340B funding status (which requires manufacturers to provide outpatient drugs at reduced prices). We classified clinics by type. We also obtained secondary county-level data to compare rates of chlamydia and HIV, teen births, uninsurance and unemployment, and high school graduation; ratios of primary care physician to population; health care costs; median household income; and percentage of population living in rural areas vs nonrural areas. We used t tests to examine mean differences in characteristics between counties with and without STD clinics.

Results:

We found 4079 STD clinics and classified them into 10 types; 2530 (62.0%) clinics were affiliated with a local health department. Of 3129 counties, 1098 (35.1%) did not have an STD clinic. Twelve states had an STD clinic in every county, and 34 states had ≥1 clinic per 100 000 population. Most STD clinics were located in areas of high chlamydia morbidity and where other surrogate needs were greatest; rural areas were underserved by STD clinics.

Conclusions:

This list may aid in more comprehensive national studies of clinic services, STD clinic adaptation to external policy changes (eg, in public financing or patient access policy), and long-term clinic survival, with special attention to clinic coverage in rural areas.
Influence of reinforcing fiber on the dry sliding wear behavior of hybrid fabric/benzoxazine composites
Authors: Su Meng , Liang Lei , Ren Fang , Yao Weigang , Yu Mingming , Ren Musu , Sun Jinliang
Published: May 2019

Hybrid polyimide (PI)-polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)/Nomex fabric composites and Nomex-PTFE/Nomex fabric composites were prepared with benzoxazine (BOZ) as the resin binder. The tribological properties and wear mechanisms of the two composites at different temperatures were investigated using a ball-on-disk wear tester. Before sliding wear tests, a thermo-aging test, thermogravimetric analysis and dynamic mechanical analysis of PI and Nomex fibers were performed to evaluate the thermal properties of the two reinforcing fibers. After each wear test, scanning electron microscopy was employed to analyze the morphologies of the worn surfaces of the composite. The results of sliding wear tests show that the difference between the tribological properties of the two composites is small at room temperature. However, the hybrid PI-PTFE/Nomex fabric composite achieves better tribological properties at high temperatures compared with the hybrid Nomex-PTFE/Nomex fabric composite, which suffered wear failure at 240℃. It is proposed that the excellent thermal mechanical property and thermal stability of PI fibers is the main factor that endows the PI-PTFE/Nomex/BOZ composite with a more favorable tribological property at high temperatures. Moreover, the influence of the increasing temperature on the tribological properties of the two composites was also investigated.
Place, Race, and Sports: Examining the Beliefs and Aspirations of Motivated Black Male Students Who Play High School Sports
Authors: Adeyemo Adeoye O.
Published: May 2019

This article examined academically and athletically motivated Black male students who play high school sports. In-depth interviews and observations illuminated their experiences, beliefs, and aspirations in their Chicago neighborhood and school context. The notion of Place and Critical Race Theory framed their experiences. Yosso’s communities of cultural wealth were utilized to analyze their experiences. Family members were instrumental in guiding these adolescents as they participated in recreational activities, enrolled in advanced classes, and participated in sports. This study concludes with implications for education, policy, society, and educational outcomes for Black male students, and Black male students who play sports.
Characteristics and outcomes in paediatric patients presenting with congenital colorectal diseases in sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Purcell Laura , Ngwira Natasha , Gallaher Jared , Cairns Bruce , Charles Anthony
Published: May 2019

In sub-Saharan Africa, there is a high burden of paediatric surgical conditions and a paucity of data regarding outcomes of congenital colorectal anomalies. A retrospective, descriptive analysis utilizing the Kamuzu Central Hospital (Lilongwe, Malawi) paediatric acute care surgery database (age ≤ 18 years) over 44 months was performed. Of the 133 children presenting, 82 had Hirschsprung disease (HD) (2.4 ± 2.7 years) and 51 had anorectal malformations (ARM) (1.8 ± 2.4 years). Of the latter, 51.0% underwent surgery, mainly exploratory laparotomy (n = 15, 57.7%) and posterior sagittal anorectoplasty (n = 7, 26.9%). Of those with HD, 50.0% underwent operative intervention (77.3% boys), including exploratory laparotomy (n = 17, 41.5%) and definitive pull-through (n = 8, 19.5%). A dearth of expert paediatric surgeons and limited exposure to paediatric conditions in general surgeons limits definitive surgery. An emphasis on paediatric surgical training and improvement of referral networks for definitive therapy will improve patient outcomes.
Do Transportation Infrastructure Investments Reduce Inventory Levels in the Manufacturing Sector in China?
Authors: Lin Ya , Zhao Quanwu , Liu Peisen , Zhang Qinhong
Published: May 2019

Based on provincial panel data observed over the 2005–2014 period, we analyze the impacts of transportation infrastructure investments on inventory levels in China’s manufacturing sector. Our results indicate that transportation infrastructure investments do not reduce inventory levels in the manufacturing sector in China. This conclusion is different from the results in the previous literature, which demonstrate positive effects of transportation investments on reducing inventory levels. The difference can be partly explained by the ongoing inland shift of industry and geographic market expansion in China, which lead to longer transportation distances and longer lead times from suppliers to customers. We also find that road investments have spatial spillover effects overall, and the impacts of different types of road investments differ significantly from each other. Railway investments, however, do not have spatial spillover effects. Finally, we present several policy implications of transportation infrastructure investments, inland shifts of industry, and geographic market expansion.
Antidepressants, withdrawal, and addiction; where are we now?
Authors: Jauhar Sameer , Hayes Joseph , Goodwin Guy M , Baldwin David S , Cowen Philip J , Nutt David J
Published: May 2019

Controversy continues with regard to antidepressants and withdrawal. Recent debates have focused on the prevalence and length of withdrawal, and some continue to state that withdrawal from these compounds constitutes ‘addiction’. In this editorial we examine the evidence underlying these recent debates. We acknowledge gaps in knowledge, and make suggestions for how the field can progress.
Correlation between magnetic resonance imaging and the level of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in patients with estrogen receptor-negative HER2-positive breast cancer
Authors: Choi Woo Jung , Kim Youyeon , Cha Joo Hee , Shin Hee Jung , Chae Eun Young , Yoon Ga Young , Kim Hak Hee
Published: May 2019

Background

High levels of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) are associated with improved prognosis and response to therapy in patients with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive breast cancer.

Purpose

This study investigated the associations between TIL levels and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings in patients with estrogen receptor (ER)-negative HER-2 positive breast cancer.

Material and Methods

This study included 110 consecutive patients with surgically confirmed ER-negative HER2-positive breast cancers who underwent preoperative MRI from January to December 2015. Images of all lesions were reviewed in accordance with the BI-RADS lexicon by radiologists blinded to clinicopathologic findings. Tumor kinetic features were acquired by computer-aided diagnosis (CAD). Patients were divided into three TIL groups: low (<10%); intermediate (10–50%); and high (>50%). Associations between TIL levels and clinicopathologic and imaging features were evaluated; independent predictors of high and low TIL were identified by multiple logistic regression analysis.

Results

The 110 patients included 29 (26.4%) with low, 45 (40.9%) with intermediate, and 36 (32.7%) with high TIL levels. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that older age (odds ratio [OR] = 1.08; P = 0.017), high peak enhancement (OR = 1.01; P = 0.019), positive CK5/6 (OR = 4.36; P = 0.024), and low Ki-67 (OR = 14.29; P = 0.037) were significantly associated with low TILs; low peak enhancement (OR = 1.01; P = 0.020) was significantly associated with high TILs.

Conclusion

MRI features may predict TIL levels in patients with ER-negative HER-2 positive breast cancer, enhancing the ability to diagnose and treat these patients.
Laryngotracheal foreign body: chicken neck bone
Authors: Balica Nicolae Constantin , Sitaru Adrian Mihail , Boia Eugen Radu , Horhat Delia Ioana , Mot Ion Cristian , Chioreanu Alexandru , Poenaru Marioara
Published: May 2019

We herein present a case involving a 78-year-old patient who had aspirated a laryngotracheal foreign body 3 days prior to hospital admission. The patient had severe congenital intellectual disability; however, no agitation, suffocation, or death occurred despite almost complete laryngeal obstruction. The laryngotracheal foreign body was removed by tracheotomy and suspended microlaryngoscopy.
Relationship between newborn leptin levels and selected growth parameters
Authors: Sindiani Amer Mahmoud , Obeidat Rawan , Jbarah Omar , Hazaimeh Ethar
Published: May 2019

Objectives

This study aimed to determine leptin levels in term newborns who were born in the north of Jordan. We also aimed to investigate the relationships of leptin levels with fetal growth parameters, and to assess the difference in leptin levels according to sex and gestational age.

Methods

A cross-sectional descriptive study that involved 170 term newborns was conducted. A working sheet for data collection was created for each newborn and included sex, weight, length, head circumference, gestational age, and Apgar score. Blood samples were obtained from the umbilical cord vein of newborns after delivery to measure serum leptin levels. Data are shown as frequency, percentages, means, and standard deviations.

Results

We found that the mean leptin level was 1.17 ± 0.48 ng/mL. The independent t-test showed that the mean leptin level in boys (0.93 ± 0. 34 ng/mL) was significantly lower than that in girls (1.38 ± 0.47 ng/mL). Pearson’s correlations showed that leptin levels of newborns were positively and significantly correlated with weight, length, and head circumference.

Conclusion

In Jordanian healthy term newborns, leptin levels correlate with sex and intrauterine growth parameters.
Rescaling political ecology? World regional approaches to climate change in the Asia Pacific
Authors: Miller Fiona P. , McGregor Andrew
Published: May 2019

The potential benefits of developing a research agenda that explicitly reconstructs a world regional political ecology are explored through a focus on climate change mitigation and adaptation in the Asia Pacific. Through an examination of scale in political ecology, world regional political ecology is identified as a promising analytical and political approach to understanding and addressing the current challenges associated with climate change. In light of this, political ecology scholarship in the region is reviewed to identify current strengths and lacunae. Whilst there is indeed a rich tradition of political ecology research across the Asia Pacific, much of this research focuses upon local/national/global dynamics with relatively little attention devoted to supra-national processes, missing important social, political, financial and material processes constructed at the world regional scale. It is argued that a world regional political ecology of climate change should build upon strengths in previous political ecology work yet extend these in three generative directions: comparative analysis of place-based, single issue research; generation of diverse counter-narratives at the regional scale; and consideration of flows and networks. We argue a rescaled political ecology that incorporates world regional scales opens a range of possibilities for practicing and pursuing more just and progressive climate politics and initiatives.
Estimating wind conditions in forests using roughness lengths: A matter of data input
Authors: Enevoldsen Peter
Published: May 2019

This study makes use of data from six meteorological masts to examine five different data sources of roughness lengths. The data sources can be applied in most regions of the world. The consequences of applying wrong roughness lengths can impact the business case of a wind project. The experiment confirmed the preliminary expectation, as the optimized roughness approach provided better results than the remaining four approaches and, furthermore, was able to treat different tree heights. The initial test was conducted using a spatial resolution of 20 m for optimized roughness approach, while the other data sources used a greater resolution. As a response, optimized roughness approach was reused for the other spatial resolutions showing better results than the remaining approaches. One other remarkable finding associated with this study was the relationship between spatial resolution and errors in the estimation, as a resolution above 100 m provided random results with no relationship whatsoever.