bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Banding cytogenetics of the Barbary partridge Alectoris barbara and the Chukar partridge Alectoris chukar (Phasianidae): a large conservation with Domestic fowl Gallus domesticus revealed by high resolution chromosomes
Authors: Ouchia-Benissad Siham , Ladjali-Mohammedi Kafia
Published: June 2018

The development of avian cytogenetics is significantly behind that of mammals. In fact, since the advent of cytogenetic techniques, fewer than 1500 karyotypes have been established. The Barbary partridge Alectorisbarbara Bonnaterre, 1790 is a bird of economic interest but its genome has not been studied so far. This species is endemic to North Africa and globally declining. The Chukar partridge Alectorischukar Gray, 1830 is an introduced species which shares the same habitat area as the Barbary partridge and so there could be introgressive hybridisation. A cytogenetic study has been initiated in order to contribute to the Barbary partridge and the Chukar partridge genome analyses. The GTG, RBG and RHG-banded karyotypes of these species have been described. Primary fibroblast cell lines obtained from embryos were harvested after simple and double thymidine synchronisation. The first eight autosomal pairs and Z sex chromosome have been described at high resolution and compared to those of the domestic fowl Gallusdomesticus Linnaeus, 1758. The diploid number was established as 2n = 78 for both partridges, as well as for most species belonging to the Galliformes order, underlying the stability of chromosome number in avian karyotypes. Wide homologies were observed for macrochromosomes and gonosome except for chromosome 4, 7, 8 and Z which present differences in morphology and/or banding pattern. Neocentromere occurrence was suggested for both partridges chromosome 4 with an assumed paracentric inversion in the Chukar partridge chromosome 4. Terminal inversion in the long arm of the Barbary partridge chromosome Z was also found. These rearrangements confirm that the avian karyotypes structure is conserved interchromosomally, but not at the intrachromosomal scale.
Les avertissements sanitaires sont-ils efficaces pour lutter contre la consommation excessive d’alcool ? Résumé de la littérature et voies de recherche
Authors: Dossou Gloria , Gallopel-Morvan Karine
Published: June 2018

De nombreux pays utilisent les avertissements sanitaires dans le cadre de la prévention des comportements alcooliques. Présentés sous forme de texte ou, plus rarement, de pictogrammes ou de photos, ils sont insérés sur les packagings et/ou les publicités pour les marques d’alcool. L’objectif de cet article est de présenter une synthèse de la littérature scientifique publiée sur leur efficacité persuasive (effet sur la connaissance des risques, sur les intentions de boire moins, de ne pas boire pour les femmes enceintes, etc.). Les recherches passées indiquent que les avertissements sanitaires alcool sont plus ou moins connus et mémorisés par le grand public. Ils ont aussi un impact positif sur la connaissance des risques liés à la consommation d’alcool. Toutefois, leur effet sur les intentions et les comportements d’alcoolisation est très limité. Il est également mis en évidence que leur capacité de persuasion dépend des caractéristiques intrinsèques du message (contenu et design) et des caractéristiques liées à la cible visée (caractéristiques sociodémographiques, habitudes de consommation, etc.). A l’issue de cette revue de la littérature, des suggestions sont faites pour l’amélioration de ces messages. Des perspectives de recherche sont également proposées pour aider à mieux comprendre l’effet des avertissements alcool sur la persuasion.
Innovation thérapeutique et croissance des dépenses de médicaments en France : l’impact des biomédicaments. Le cas de la région Centre-Val de Loire de 2008 à 2013
Authors: Monmousseau Fanny , Rusch Emmanuel
Published: June 2018

Les biomédicaments constituent une part croissante des innovations thérapeutiques. En raison de leurs prix souvent très élevés, les dernières générations de biomédicaments sont inscrites sur la liste en sus des prestations d’hospitalisation de façon à rendre l’accès à l’innovation équitable. L’objectif de cet article est d’étudier la contribution des biomédicaments à l’évolution de la dépense en molécules onéreuses, à l’échelle de la région Centre-Val de Loire, entre 2008 et 2013. L’utilisation d’indices statistiques nous permet de dissocier ce qui relève d’un effet-prix, d’un effet quantité et d’un effet structure. L’analyse montre que si l’évolution de la dépense globale a été maîtrisée sur la période, c’est parce que la dépense en molécules chimiques et en biomédicaments antianémiques a chuté. La dépense en biomédicament anti-cancéreux a au contraire continûment augmenté en raison de la hausse du nombre d’unités consommées et de l’orientation croissante de la prescription vers les molécules les plus chères. Cette tendance devrait se confirmer, ce qui pose la question des mécanismes de régulation à mettre en œuvre pour assurer la soutenabilité budgétaire du système de soins.
L’influence des perceptions des pratiques de GRH et de facteurs de contexte organisationnel sur l’intention de départ volontaire : cas des médecins du secteur public au Burundi
Authors: Ndayirata Serge , Belghiti-Mahut Sophia , Briole Alain
Published: June 2018

Cette étude analyse l’influence des perceptions des pratiques de GRH et des facteurs de contexte organisationnel sur l’intention de départ volontaire. Mobilisant une approche qualitative, les données ont été récoltées en menant des entretiens semi-directifs auprès d’un échantillon de 26 médecins répartis dans 7 hôpitaux du secteur public et auprès d’un responsable des ressources humaines au Ministère de la Santé Publique et de Lutte contre le SIDA au Burundi. Les résultats montrent que le soutien organisationnel et la justice procédurale perçus des pratiques de GRH sont associés à l’intention des médecins de quitter l’organisation. Ils mettent également en exergue le rôle de tout un ensemble de facteurs de contexte interne à l’organisation (la dotation des hôpitaux en équipements de travail et en professionnels de santé) et externe (le niveau d’accès aux soins de santé de la population fréquentant les hôpitaux publics) dans l’explication de l’intention des médecins de quitter les hôpitaux du secteur public.
Enseignement privé et développement de l’éducation en Afrique subsaharienne
Authors: d’Aiglepierre Rohen
Published: June 2018

L’enseignement privé est un acteur ancien et central du développement de l’éducation en Afrique Subsaharienne. Si la frontière entre privé et public est floue et la mesure difficile, les statistiques disponibles montrent une forte hétérogénéité de situation entre pays, mais une part globalement importante et en augmentation des effectifs pris en charge par des opérateurs privés. Un certain nombre de facteurs d’offre et de demande explique cette situation et la très grande diversité des opérateurs de l’éducation privée en Afrique Subsaharienne. Ce contexte associé aux externalités à la fois positives et négatives du développement de l’enseignement privé appelle à une prise de conscience et une redéfinition du rôle des États. Classification JEL  : I25, I24, I28, H52
Quelle place de l’économie de la connaissance en Algérie ? La transition du modèle de croissance en question
Authors: Younes Bouacida Rédha
Published: June 2018

L’objectif de ce papier est de traiter la place de l’économie de la connaissance en Algérie et la transition de son modèle de croissance pour le développement. On s’interroge ici : pourquoi l’Algérie, en dépit de toutes les politiques scientifiques et technologiques qui ont été mises en place depuis plus de deux décennies, appuyées par des revenus importants provenant du secteur des hydrocarbures pour financer ces politiques, n’arrive pas encore à construire une économie de la connaissance ? Comment pourra-t-elle le faire pour la transition de son modèle de croissance ? Nous pensons que même avec la volonté de l’État et les moyens importants mobilisés, la transition vers un modèle de croissance fondé sur une économie de la connaissance nécessite certaines conditions portant sur la capacité d’absorption des savoirs externes, l’insertion dans les chaînes de valeur mondiales et la bonne gouvernance et la qualité des institutions. Classification JEL  : O39, O30, O10, O11, O57
Le renforcement de la formation technique et l’industrialisation en Afrique subsaharienne : le cas du Gabon
Authors: Moussone Emmanuel , Metougue Nang Prosper
Published: June 2018

L’objectif de cet article est d’analyser les relations entre la formation technique, les compétences et la création ou le développement des industries diverses dans un pays en développement en prenant appui sur le Gabon. Les questions abordées sont diverses et variées, et plus particulièrement, elles se rapportent à l’apport de la formation technique aux progrès de l’industrie et des techniques, aux conditions et aux besoins du développement économique et social et, enfin, à l’innovation, fil par lequel tous ces éléments se trouvent liés les uns aux autres. L’étude montre que les processus économiques de rente et de coopération postcoloniaux en place depuis les indépendances n’ont pas permis pendant longtemps, de favoriser d’une part, de véritables transferts de compétences, et d’autre part la création des industries. Or, face aux mutations actuelles de l’environnement international, la formation technique apparaît comme une condition nécessaire à l’acquisition des compétences indispensables à l’appropriation des innovations et à la création des filières industrielles. Classification JEL  : I28, J24, J29, O14, 031
Why do adolescent girls drop out of school in Niger? A combined quantitative and qualitative analysis
Authors: Perlman Daniel , Adamu Fatima , Wodon Quentin
Published: June 2018

Cet article examine les facteurs au niveau des communautés qui ont un impact négatif sur le niveau de scolarité des filles et les conduisent souvent à se marier très jeunes au Niger. L’accent est mis sur les zones rurales où les filles ont tendance à avoir un niveau de scolarité particulièrement faible et sont également plus à risque de mariage précoce (avant l’âge de 18 ans). En utilisant à la fois des données quantitatives et qualitatives, nous documentons les raisons pour lesquelles les filles abandonnent l’école au niveau national et dans la région de Maradi plus spécifiquement, en particulier pour le travail de terrain qualitatif. Les facteurs socio-culturels qui affectent la scolarité incluent le mariage précoce et les normes sociales vis à vis des rôles traditionnels des hommes et des femmes, ainsi que la distance aux écoles secondaires, le coût de la scolarité (paiements et coûts d’opportunité), ainsi que les perceptions concernant la faible qualité de l’éducation dispensée dans les écoles. Classification JEL : I21, I24
Martin Luther. Le moine qui voulait réformer son Église mais en créa une autre
Authors: Flückiger Fabrice
Published: June 2018

Martin Luther, père de la Réforme, héros novateur, figure écrasante par l’empreinte laissée sur l’Europe et la Chrétienté, auteur incontournable à la production littéraire foisonnante,... La commémoration des 500 ans de l’affichage des 95 thèses n’aura pas toujours su éviter une certaine forme d’hagiographie. Comment éviter l’écueil d’une énième célébration ou le piège d’un survol forcément incomplet de la pensée du réformateur ? L’objet de la commémoration de 2017 invite cependant à revenir sur la décennie 1515-1525 où le « Docteur Martin » devient « Martin Luther » : ce choix permet de rappeler quelles furent les grandes lignes de sa pensée, esquissées dès ces années de doute et d’invention, mais aussi de comprendre comment Luther put imaginer une théologie qui devait changer à jamais le visage du christianisme.
Un disciple « nordiste » de Luther : Louis de Berquin (vers 1480-1529)
Authors: Joblin Alain
Published: June 2018

L’histoire de Louis de Berquin est apparemment connue. On sait de lui qu’il fut un des premiers « luthériens » brûlés vif à Paris en 1529. Or, pour certains, Berquin fut surtout un humaniste qui n’avait rien à voir avec le luthéranisme. L’histoire personnelle de Louis de Berquin illustre en fait la complexité religieuse des années 1520. C’est la période où les idées de Luther se développèrent en Europe. C’est aussi la période où des réformateurs inspirés par l’humanisme chrétien cherchaient à faire changer l’Église sans pour autant vouloir la détruire. L’étude essaie de retranscrire cette complexité à travers les combats de Louis de Berquin.
Le luthéranisme aux anciens Pays-Bas, XVI e et XVII e siècles
Authors: Hiebsch Sabine
Published: June 2018

L’histoire du luthéranisme aux Pays-Bas est étroitement liée à l’afflux migratoire des xvi e et xvii e siècles et le développement économique de la période. Contrairement aux pays allemands de l’Empire et aux royaumes de Danemark, duquel la Norvège fit partie, et de la Suède où le luthéranisme fut introduit et protégé par les pouvoirs politiques et put ainsi devenir une confession dominante, le luthéranisme resta toujours aux Pays-Bas une tradition religieuse minoritaire. Les congrégations néerlandaises luthériennes durent s’établir et s’affirmer face à l’Église Réformée publique et dominante et parmi les autres minorités religieuses.
Luther et Rembrandt : une pensée de la kénose
Authors: Charrier Claire
Published: June 2018

Notre hypothèse est que Luther et Rembrandt appartiennent à un même courant de pensée qui s’enracine dans l’interprétation que Paul donne de l’Incarnation : la kénose. Celle-ci affirme que le Christ s’est dépouillé de ses privilèges divins par amour de l’humanité. Le dialogue que nous construisons entre les deux démarches a pour premier enjeu de montrer leurs parentés théoriques et structurelles. Pour le réformateur comme pour le graveur, les images oxymoriques sont nécessaires à la connaissance divine. Verbales ou visuelles, ces images contribuent à révéler un Dieu proche mais caché, ce qui exige l’éveil de la foi. Notre examen fait ainsi apparaître comment la pratique de graveur de Rembrandt aide à dépasser l’idée de liberté de Luther, difficile à concilier avec la puissance divine. Tentant de se déposséder des procédés trop bien maîtrisés, le graveur travaille à rendre sa raison aveugle pour accueillir la Grâce.
La doctrine de la justification dans les communautés protestantes du Mouvement Missionnaire Intérieur Laïque aujourd’hui
Authors: Larvent Laurie
Published: June 2018

Le Mouvement Missionnaire Intérieur Laïque a été fondé en 1920 aux États-Unis par P.S.L. Johnson. Issu des Étudiants de la Bible de C.T. Russell, ce mouvement s’est implanté dans une quarantaine d’États. En France, il s’est enraciné dans le Nord. Millénariste, sioniste et non trinitaire, son corpus doctrinaire semble très éloigné de la pensée de Luther. Or, adopter « la justification » comme axe central de leur doctrine fait du MMIL un héritier incontestable de Luther cinq cents ans après la promulgation des quatre-vingt-quinze thèses.
L’influence des Églises luthériennes dans l’Église Protestante Unie de France
Authors: Verspeeten Frederic
Published: June 2018

La Réforme Protestante a compté dès ses origines plusieurs courants théologiques sous l’influence de Martin Luther, Ulrich Zwingli et Jean Calvin, sans oublier les courants anabaptistes. Toutes les Églises du protestantisme proclament les traditionnels Sola Gratia, Sola Fide, Sola Scriptura et le principe du sacerdoce universel. Toutefois, malgré la tentative de rapprochements entre calvinistes et luthériens, le colloque de Marbourg de 1529 n’a pas réussi à unir en une Église la tradition réformée. La différence de compréhension doctrinale sur la Cène a rendu cela impossible. Il y a eu en France dès le xvii e siècle une présence d’Églises luthériennes grâce aux princes suédois, allemands et danois qui étaient les alliés du roi de France. Ces Églises n’ont pas eu à souffrir de la répression qui toucha les calvinistes français ; au xx e siècle les Églises luthériennes et réformées se sont rapprochées et unies au sein de nouvelles institutions. C’est le cas de l’Église Protestante Unie de France qui a été créée en 2013. Sur le plan doctrinal il n’y a pas de différences majeures mais des particularités qui ne sont en rien un obstacle à l’unité. La question de l’eucharistie (Sainte Cène) a aussi été réglée par l’acceptation de nuances qui ne remettent pas en cause la conception du sacrement.
Eigenvalue inequalities for Schrödinger operators on unbounded Lipschitz domains
Authors: Behrndt Jussi , Rohleder Jonathan , Stadler Simon
Published: June 2018

Given a Schrödinger differential expression on an exterior Lipschitz domain we prove strict inequalities between the eigenvalues of the corresponding selfadjoint operators subject toDirichlet andNeumann orDirichlet andmixed boundary conditions, respectively. Moreover, we prove a strict inequality between the eigenvalues of two different elliptic differential operators on the same domain with Dirichlet boundary conditions.
Bounds on multiplicities of Laplace operator eigenvalues on surfaces
Authors: Berdnikov Aleksandr
Published: June 2018

In the present paper we consider multiplicities of eigenvalues of the Laplacian operator on surfaces. We generalize several bounds on such multiplicities from the known cases of either closed surface or simply-connected planar domain to the case of a surface of positive genus with holes.
Wave propagation on Euclidean surfaces with conical singularities. I: Geometric diffraction
Authors: Ford G. Austin , Hassell Andrew , Hillairet Luc
Published: June 2018

We study wave diffraction on Euclidean surfaces with conic singularities

(X, g)

. We determine, for the first time, the precise microlocal structure of the wave at the intersection of the direct (or geometric) and diffracted fronts. Namely, we show that the wave kernel is a singular Fourier integral operator in a calculus associated to two intersecting Lagrangian submanifolds (corresponding to the two fronts), introduced originally byMelrose and Uhlmann [23].

We investigate the singularities of the trace of the half-wave group, Tr

e^{-it\sqrt\Delta}

, on

(X, g)

. We compute the leading-order singularity associated to periodic orbits with successive degenerate diffractions. This result extends the previous work of the third author [12] and the two-dimensional case of the work of the first author and Wunsch [10] as well as the seminal result of Duistermaat and Guillemin [7] in the smooth setting.

In future work, we shall use these results to obtain inverse spectral results on Euclidean surfaces with conic singularities.
A Pleijel-type theorem for the quantum harmonic oscillator
Authors: Charron Philippe
Published: June 2018

We prove a Pleijel-type theorem for the asymptotic behaviour of the number of nodal domains of eigenfunctions of the quantum harmonic oscillator in any dimension.
Stability result for elliptic inverse periodic coefficient problem by partial Dirichlet-to-Neumann map
Authors: Choulli Mourad , Kian Yavar , Soccorsi Éric
Published: June 2018

We study the inverse problem of identifying a periodic potential perturbation of the Dirichlet Laplacian acting in an infinite cylindrical domain, whose cross section is assumed to be bounded. We prove log-log stable determination of the potential with respect to the partialDirichlet-to-Neumannmap, where theNeumann data is taken on slightly more than half of the boundary of the domain.
Las Redes Sociales en el marco del ciberespacio. Consumidores, comercio electrónico y propiedad intelectual a la luz del caso cubano
Authors: Mendoza Gurdián Nelvys
Published: June 2018

Frente al estado de vulnerabilidad en el marco del ciberespacio, es necesario reflexionar en torno a las redes sociales y el Derecho, desde un enfoque holístico orientado a las vulnerabilidades de los derechos asociados a la información en este entorno. Este trabajo tiene como objetivo general analizar el fenómeno de las redes sociales en el ciberespacio y la sociedad de la información, enfatizando en el estudio de los aspectos jurídico-legales relacionados con los consumidores, el comercio electrónico y la propiedad intelectual. Para ello, la metodología utilizada se propone conceptualizar la categoría de redes sociales, examinar los aspectos asociados al Derecho en la utilización de las redes sociales y establecer los puntos conceptuales, jurídicos y conflictuales de relevancia. Ello permitirá describir la problemática en estudio y proponer alternativas para una esfera de protección integradora, que armonice las aristas de lo preventivo, lo correctivo y lo profiláctico.
The size resolved cloud condensation nuclei (CCN)
activity and its prediction based on aerosol
hygroscopicity and composition in the Pearl Delta River
(PRD) Region during wintertime 2014
Authors: Cai Mingfu , Tan Haobo , Chan Chak K. , Qin Yiming , Xu Hanbing , Li Fei , Schurman Misha I. , Li Liu , Zhao Jun
Published: June 2018

Abstract. A hygroscopicity-tandem differential mobility analyzer (H-TDMA), a scanning mobility CCN analyzer (SMCA), and an aerodyne high resolution time-of-flight aerosol mass spectrometer (HR-ToF-AMS) were used to respectively measure the hygroscopicity, condensation nuclei activation, and chemical composition of aerosol particles at the Panyu site in the Pearl River Region during wintertime 2014. The distribution of the size-resolved cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) at four supersaturations (SS = 0.1 %, 0.2 %, 0.4 %, and 0.7 %) and the aerosol particle size distribution were obtained by the SMCA. The hygroscopicity parameter κ (κCCN, κH-TDMA, and κAMS) was respectively calculated based upon the SMCA, H-TMDA, and AMS measurements. The results showed that the κH-TDMA value was slightly smaller than the κCCN one at all diameters and for particles larger than 100 nm the κAMS value was significantly smaller than the others (κCCN, and κH-TDMA), which could be attributed to the underestimated hygroscopicity of the organics (κorg). The activation ratio (AR) calculated from the growth factor – probability density function (Gf-PDF) without surface tension correction was found to be lower than that from the H-TDMA measurement, due most likely to the uncorrected surface tension (σs/a) that did not consider the surfactant effects of the organic compounds. We demonstrated that better agreement between the calculated and measured AR could be obtained by adjusting σs/a. Various schemes were proposed to predict the CCN number concentration (NCCN) based on H-TDMA and AMS measurements. In general, the predicted NCCN agreed reasonably well with the corresponding measured ones using different schemes. For H-TDMA measurements, the NCCN value predicted from the real time AR measurements was slightly smaller (~6.8 %) than that from the activation diameter (D50) method due to the assumed internal mixing in the D50 prediction. The NCCN values predicted from bulk PM1 were higher (~11.5 %) than those from size-resolved composition measured by the AMS because a significant fraction of PM1 was composed of inorganic matter. The NCCN calculated from AMS measurement were under-predicted at 0.1 % and 0.2 % supersaturations, which could be due to underestimate of κorg and overestimate of σs/a. For SS = 0.4 % and 0.7 %, slight over-predicted NCCN was found because of the internal mixing assumption. Our results highlight the need for accurately evaluating the effects of organics on both the hygroscopic parameter κ and the surface tension σ in order to accurately predict CCN activity.
Aerosol liquid water content in the moist southern West African monsoon layer and its radiative impact
Authors: Deetz Konrad , Vogel Heike , Haslett Sophie , Knippertz Peter , Coe Hugh , Vogel Bernhard
Published: June 2018

Abstract. Water uptake can significantly increase the size and therefore the optical properties of aerosols. In this study, the regional-scale model framework COSMO-ART is applied to Southern West Africa (SWA) for a summer monsoon process study on 2–3 and 6–7 July 2016. The high moisture and aerosol burden in the monsoon layer makes SWA favorable to quantify properties that determine the aerosol liquid water content and its impact on radiative transfer. Given the marked diurnal cycle in SWA, the analysis is separated into three characteristic phases: (a) Atlantic Inflow progression phase (15–2 UTC), when winds from the Gulf of Guinea accelerate in the less turbulent evening and nighttime boundary layer, (b) Moist morning phase (3–8 UTC), when the passage of the Atlantic Inflow front leads to overall cool and moist conditions over land and (c) Daytime drying phase (9–15 UTC), in which the Atlantic Inflow front re-establishes with the inland heating initiated after sunrise. This diurnal cycle imprints, via the relative humidity, also the aerosol liquid water content. We analyzed the impact of relative humidity and clouds on the aerosol liquid water content. As shown by other studies, the accumulation mode particles are the dominant contributor of aerosol liquid water. We find aerosol growth factors of 2 (4) for submicron (coarse) mode particles, leading to a substantial increase of mean aerosol optical depth from 0.2 to 0.7. Considering the aerosol liquid water content leads to a decrease in shortwave radiation of about 20 W m−2, while longwave effects appear to be insignificant, especially during nighttime. The estimated relationships between total column aerosol liquid water and radiation are −305 ± 39 W g−1 (shortwave in-cloud), −114 ± 42 W g−1 (shortwave off-cloud) and about −10 W g−1 (longwave). The results highlight the need to consider the relative humidity dependency of aerosol optical depth in atmospheric models, particularly in moist tropical environments, where their effect on radiation can be very large.
Factors controlling the community structure of picoplankton in
contrasting marine environments
Authors: Otero-Ferrer Jose Luis , Cermeño Pedro , Fernández-Castro Bieito , Gasol Josep M. , Morán Xosé Anxelu G. , Marañon Emilio , Moreira-Coello Víctor , Varela Marta , Villamaña Marina , Mouriño-Carballido Beatriz
Published: June 2018

Abstract. The effect of inorganic nutrients on planktonic assemblages has been traditionally relied on concentrations rather than estimates of nutrient supply. We combined a novel dataset of hydrographic properties, turbulent mixing, nutrient concentration and picoplankton community composition with the aim of: i) quantifying the role of temperature, light and nitrate fluxes as factors controlling the distribution of autotrophic and heterotrophic picoplankton subgroups, as determined by flow cytometry; and ii) describing the ecological niches of the various components of the picoplankton community. Data were collected in 97 stations in the Atlantic Ocean, including tropical and subtropical open ocean waters, the northwestern Mediterranean Sea, and the Galician coastal upwelling system of the Northwest Iberian Peninsula. A Generalized Additive Model (GAM) approach was used to predict depth-integrated biomass of each picoplankton subgroup based on three niche predictors: sea surface temperature, averaged daily surface irradiance, and the transport of nitrate into the euphotic zone, through both diffusion and advection. In addition, niche overlap between different picoplankton subgroups was computed using non-parametric kernel density functions. Temperature and nitrate supply were more relevant than light in predicting the biomass of most picoplankton subgroups, except for Prochlorococcus and low nucleic acid (LNA) prokaryotes, for which irradiance also played a significant role. Nitrate supply was the only factor that allowed the distinction between the ecological niches of all autotrophic and heterotrophic picoplankton subgroups. Prochlorococcus and LNA prokaryotes were more abundant in warmer waters (> 20 ºC) where the nitrate fluxes were low, whereas Synechococcus and high nucleic acid (HNA) prokaryotes prevailed mainly in cooler environments characterized by intermediate or high levels of nitrate supply. Finally, the niche of picoeukaryotes was defined by lower temperatures and high nitrate supply. We estimated that with the predicted decrease in nitrate supply as the result of global change, a 9 % increase in the ratio cyanobacteria to picoeukaryotes would occur in a future ocean, something that would have important implications, given the contribution of smallest cells to the biological carbon pump. These results support the key role of nitrate supply, as it not only promotes the growth of large phytoplankton, but it also controls the structure of marine picoplankton communities.
Controls of terrestrial ecosystem nitrogen loss on simulated productivity responses to elevated CO2
Authors: Meyerholt Johannes , Zaehle Sönke
Published: June 2018

Abstract. The availability of nitrogen is one of the primary nutritional controls on plant growth. Terrestrial ecosystem nitrogen availability is not only determined by inputs of fixation, deposition, and mineralization, but also regulated by the rates with which nitrogen is lost through various pathways. Large-scale nitrogen loss rates have been associated with considerable uncertainty, as process rates and controlling factors of the different loss pathways have been difficult to characterize in the field. Therefore, the nitrogen loss representations in terrestrial biosphere models vary substantially, adding to nitrogen cycle-related uncertainty and resulting in varying predictions of how the biospheric carbon sink will evolve under future scenarios of elevated atmospheric CO2. Here, we test three published approaches to represent ecosystem level nitrogen loss in a common carbon-nitrogen terrestrial biosphere model with respect to their impact on projections of the carbon effect of elevated CO2. We find that despite differences in predicted responses of nitrogen loss rates to biogeochemical and climate forcing, the variety of nitrogen loss representation between models only leads to small variety in carbon sink predictions. The nitrogen loss responses are particularly uncertain in the boreal and tropical regions, where plant growth is strongly nitrogen limited or nitrogen turnover rates are usually high, respectively. This highlights the need for better resolution of nitrogen loss fluxes through global measurements to inform models.
Vegetation vulnerability to drought on southeastern Europe
Authors: Páscoa Patrícia , Gouveia Célia M. , Russo Ana C. , Bojariu Roxana , Vicente-Serrano Sergio M. , Trigo Ricardo M.
Published: June 2018

Abstract. In this work, the impacts of drought events on vegetation activity in the period 1998–2014 were analysed, on an area located in southeastern Europe, using the Standardized Precipitation Evaporation Index (SPEI) at several time scales, and the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), as obtained by SPOT/VEGETATION. A correlation analysis between monthly NDVI and SPEI was performed, as well as the assessment of the simultaneous occurrence of drought events and low vegetation activity. The analysis was performed from April to October, corresponding to the months showing the highest vegetation activity. The impacts of drought were assessed in the entire period, but also on the drought event in 2000/2001, which was the driest in this area since 1961. The results show the area with positive correlation between the two indices reaches 77 % in July on agricultural land, and its impacts are seen from May to October, pointing to a high vulnerability to drought. Forests seems to be less sensitive to drought, although being more influenced by drought mostly on July and August. However, negative correlations were also observed in June at high altitudes pointing to a positive effect of dryness on the vegetation activity. This feature changed in July, possibly as a result of the increasing temperature coupled to the decrease in precipitation that leads to a water stress situation. The drought event in 2000 provoked a generalized decrease in vegetation activity, and 71 % of the area showed a decrease on at least four months between April and October. Almost 60 % (20 %) of the studied area presents a concordance of anomalous low vegetation activity and dry conditions of at least 50 % (80 %) on the month of August, whereas the Carpathian Mountains generally present a lower value of concordance than the remaining area.
A forensic re-analysis of one of the deadliest European tornadoes
Authors: Holzer Alois M. , Schreiner Thomas M. E. , Púčik Tomáš
Published: June 2018

Abstract. Extremely rare events with high potential impact, such as violent tornadoes,
are of strong interest for climatology and risk assessment. In order to
obtain more knowledge about the most extreme events, it is vital to study
historical cases. The purpose of this paper is twofold: (1) to demonstrate
how a windstorm catastrophe that happened 100 years ago, such as the Wiener
Neustadt, Lower Austria, tornado on 10 July 1916, can be successfully
re-analyzed using a forensic approach, and (2) to propose a repeatable
working method for assessing damage and reconstructing the path and magnitude
of local windstorm and tornado cases with sufficient historical sources.
Based on the results of the forensic re-analyses, a chronology of the tornado
impact is presented, followed by a description of the key tornado
characteristics: a maximum intensity rating of F4, a damage path length of
20 km and a maximum visible tornado diameter of 1 km. Compared to a
historical scientific study published soon after the event, additional new
findings are presented, namely the existence of two predecessor tornadoes and
a higher number of fatalities: at least 34 instead of 32. While the
storm-scale meteorology could not be reconstructed, rich damage data sources
for the urban area of Wiener Neustadt facilitated a detailed analysis of
damage tracks and wind intensities within the tornado. The authors postulate
the requirement for an International Fujita Scale to rate tornadoes globally
in a consistent way, based on comparable damage indicators.
Da Esperança ao Triunfo: o estudo da formação de uma nova classe trabalhadora de Goiânia (GO)
Authors: Cruz Renatha Cândida da , Deus João Batista de
Published: June 2018

Resumo:O objetivo principal deste artigo é tratar do processo de formação da Região Noroeste de Goiânia. Para tanto, realizou-se um amplo levantamento bibliográfico acerca das ocupações urbanas na capital goiana e  elaborou-se uma periodização sobre a ampliação do espaço urbano a noroeste do centro da cidade. Os resultados obtidos permitiram verificar como uma comunidade deixa de ser um grande bolsão de pobreza para ser considerada uma representação da nova classe trabalhadora de Goiânia. A temática torna-se pertinente, visto que os bairros da Região Noroeste têm origem em sucessivas lutas coletivas pelo solo urbano e passam por um longo processo de mudanças sociais e econômicas. O aumento da renda ganha destaque nos estudos sobre a localidade, em que se debate se há uma nova classe média ou uma nova classe trabalhadora.Palavras-chave: Nova classe trabalhadora. Goiânia. Ocupações urbanas. Abstract:The main purpose of this article is figure out the process of formation in the Northwest Region  of Goiania. To achieve this goal it conducted a comprehensive literature about the urban occupations in Goiânia and the development of a timeline on the expansion of urban areas to the northwest of the city center. The results of this research allowed us to understand as a community stops being a large slum to be considered a representation of the new working class of Goiania. The theme  becomes relevant in sense that neighborhoods of the Northwest Region originates in successive collective struggle for urban land and go through a long process of social and economic change and how the increase in income is an important factor in studies about this place and being perceived the discussion  above  new middle class or new working classKeywords: New Workin Class, Goiânia, Urban Occupations. Resumen:El principal objetivo de ese artículo es la comprensión del proceso de formación de la Región Noroeste de Goiânia. Para alcanzar esa meta se ha realizado un amplio levantamiento bibliográfico sobre las ocupaciones urbanas en la capital goiana así como la elaboración de una periodización acerca de la ampliación del espacio urbano al noroeste del centro de la ciudad. Los resultados obtenidos por esta investigación permitieron comprender como una comunidad deja de ser parte de un gran cinturón de pobreza para pasar a ser considerada una representación de la nueva clase trabajadora de Goiânia. La temática se vuelve pertinente puesto que los barrios de la Región Noroeste tienen origen en sucesivas luchas colectivas por el suelo urbano y pasan por un largo proceso de cambios sociales y económicos haciendo con que el incremento de la renta sea un factor relevante en los estudios sobre la localidad, percibiéndose el debate sobre una nueva clase media o nueva clase trabajadora.Palabras clave: Nueva clase trabajadora. Goiânia. Ocupaciones urbanas.
Insurance Products: Technological Service Delivery Perspective
Authors: Owolabi Adenike Olanrewaju
Published: June 2018

The main objective of this study was to investigate the impact of technological service delivery on insurance products. 150 staff of some insurance companies in Osogbo were selected for this study through multistage sampling technique. Data from the questionnaire were coded, categorized and analyzed using Simple Percentage, Pearson product-moment Correlation and Simple Linear Regression analysis. This study concluded that the introduction of technology has significant impact on the efficiency of the Nigerian insurance companies. It was also found that technological service delivery has direct impact on the increase in the purchase of insurance products. It is recommended that Insurance companies in Nigeria should enhance their interest in technological service delivery in order to further improve performance effectiveness in each part of their business operations.
Product Placement Strategy in the Business Market Competition: Studies of Fast Moving Consumer Goods
Authors: Trihatmoko R. Agus , Mulyani Roch , Lukviarman Niki
Published: June 2018

The phenomenon of distribution intensity has received little attention in academic research, particularly in its relation to the distribution of Fast Moving Consumer Goods (FMCG). This paper aimed at exploring distribution management practices that is appropriate for describing concept and theory related to product placement in the market. The paper uses either qualitative research method as phenomenology by using the philosophy of constructivism interpretation or grounded theory by philosophy of pragmatism interpretation. The data obtained to study the development in FMCG distribution management in term of channel group of traditional markets in Indonesia. The result identifies and describes that product placement concept pervades relations among: (1) the firm’s strategic policy; (2) numbers, types, and roles of salesperson; (3) the distribution level of product; and (4) the customers’ coverage expansion. Theoretically this paper proposes four typical of product placement strategies namely; trial, introduction, attacker, and leader. It might be argued that the findings of this study have constructively arranged the concept and theory of product placement as a form of its novelty. The result of the study contributes into the concept of “place” in marketing mix, along with the use of agency theory as an alternative perspective in marketing management research.
Effect of Microfinance Products on Small Business Growth: Emerging Economy Perspective
Authors: Gyimah Prince , Boachie Williams Kwasi
Published: June 2018

Small businesses play significant role to the economic stability and development of emerging economies, and access to financial services is crucial to their growth and performance. This study seeks to ascertain whether microfinance products such as loans, savings, insurance, and education effects small business growth in Ghana. The study uses descriptive and inferential statistics on responses of 248 small business owners for data analysis. Using a multiple linear regression analysis, the study found that all the microfinance product or services positively affects small business growth, and the greatest influence is micro loans. This study contributes massively to exact literature to the growth of microfinance institutions (MFIs) and small businesses in emerging economy, Ghana. The study can assist MFIs to assess the effectiveness of their product or services, and can also serves as a guide to an effective utilization of available scarce resources leading to growth of small businesses in emerging economies.
Lineamientos para la implementación de la Gestión Ambiental Empresarial (GAE) "La nueva herramienta de la diferenciación de marca para generar nuevos negocios" ; Créditos personales: la carrera de la rata
Authors: Herrera Funes Víctor Armando , Granados Paul
Published: June 2018

No hay resúmenes disponiblesRealidad Empresarial No. 5, 2018: 42-44
Measurement of psycho-emotional constructs and self-management in health of patients with Rheumatics diseases
Authors: Lima Ana Dalla Santana , Mendes-Rodrigues Clesnan , Dias Laysa Oliveira Santos , Pereira Eliana Borges da Silva , Almeida-Neto Omar Pereira de , Felice Igor Oliveira , Cunha Cristiane Martins
Published: June 2018

Objective: This study aimed to measure the scores of psychoemotional and self-management constructs in patients with rheumatic diseases (RD), to compare these scores according to the RD type and to verify the influence of these measures on self-management in health.Methods: Cross-sectional study, carried out in an ambulatory of a public hospital of Brazil. Adult patients, with diagnosis of RD, responded to self-esteem, anxiety and depression, health and activation scales. Spearman’s correlation tests, independence tests, mean or median tests, multiple linear regressions evaluated the variables of interest at a significance level of .05.Results: Eighty-six patients (mean age = 45.23, SD = 14.30) were evaluated. High activation (mean = 65.83, SD = 14.20) and self-esteem scores (mean = 30.67, SD = 5.65) were observed, while moderate anxiety scores (mean = 8.21, SD = 4.37) and low scores for depression (mean = 6.37, SD = 3.98). Significant correlations were observed, from low to moderate magnitude, among other measures with activation (p < .05). There were weak correlations between activation and formal study time, self-esteem with age and family income, depression and number of comorbidities diagnosed or self-reported (p < .05). The RD type no affects any of the constructs evaluated.Conclusions: It was concluded that patients with rheumatic diseases presented high self-esteem, moderate anxiety levels and low levels of depression and a high level of activation. Lower number of diagnosed comorbities, higher formal study time was related to better self-management in health.
Novel Smart Waste Sorting System based on Image Processing Algorithms: SURF-BoW and Multi-class SVM
Authors: Liu Yijian , Fung King-Chi , Ding Wenqian , Guo Hongfei , Qu Ting , Xiao Cong
Published: June 2018

Aiming at solving the waste sorting problems of smart environmental sanitation, this paper proposes a novel smart waste sorting system, which consists of two sub-systems including a hardware system and a software system. The hardware system is of a trash bin framework based on the core module Raspberry Pi and the software one is of an image classification algorithm platform based on SURF-BoW algorithm and multi-class SVM classifier. In our experiment, the images produced during training and testing are both obtained from webcam in our system and extra processing with affine transformation and noise-adding operation. The experimental results show that among the five categories of waste, the battery waste performs best with 100% classification accuracy. Besides, the average classification accuracy is up to 83.38%. Therefore, our system has reliable practicability and robustness, which is expected to be applied to deal with the waste sorting problems in our daily life.
Analysis of Gene Polymorphism CYP2C19 in the Lebanese Population Who Reside in Colombia
Authors: Ahmad Mostapha , Navarro-Quiroz Elkin , Margarita García Moreno Angélica , Anillo Margarita Rosa Rios , Redondo Carlos Arturo Silvera , Ponce Cecilia Fernandez
Published: June 2018

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study is to determine the polymorphism of the CYP2C19 gene in the Lebanese population living in Colombia due to the lack of information and the importance of establishing its behavior which can predict a diminished or increased metabolism of medication related to it.METHODS & RESULTS: 109 Lebanese volunteers residents of Colombia were included, genotypes for the CYP2C19 were detected by polymerase Chain Reaction-PCR finding that the most frequent allele was *1 (73.4%), followed by *2 (26.6%) the allele *3 was not found in the studied population. Only fast metabolites were found because of the *1/*1 (73.4%) and *1/*2 (26.6%) genotypes, any *1/*3, *2/*2 or *3/*3 genotype were found. CONCLUSIONS: The results obtained show a similar behavior with the alleles frequencies of the previous studies made in Colombia, Africa, Europe and other American population. Knowing the genotype of the population is important for the selection and adjustment of the doses of the best medication to give the optimal treatment in medical practice. The pharmacogenetics will reduce the adverse reactions during medical treatment for a better and more accurate clinical approach.
Prevalence of Allergic Rhinitis and Individual Prevention Practices Among Textile Workers in Vietnam
Authors: Vu Thuc Minh Thi , Zaw Maung , Nguyen Long Giang , Nguyen Hung Quang , Truong Tung Thanh , Le Ky Minh , Tuan Trong Nguyen , Ngo Binh Thanh , Nguyen Phuong Hoang , Tran Tung T , Nguyen Cuong Tat , Tran Bach Xuan , Latkin Carl A. , Ho Roger CM , Ho Cyrus
Published: June 2018

The object of this study is to estimate the pervalence of rhinitis symptoms amongst textile workers and individual prevention practices currently used by workers in textile factories in Vietnam. A cross-sectional study was conducted in two textile garment companies in the Nam Dinh province of Vietnam from May to October 2016. A total of 1082 workers in all stages of the textile production process participated in the study. Itchy nose and sneeze were the most common symptoms (with 46.9% and 46.9%, respectively, followed by itchy (33.2%) and runny nose (24.5%). Duration of cotton dust exposure per day were positively associated with face mask use (OR=1.90; 95% CI= 1.24 - 2.90) regular face mask use (OR=2.5; 95% CI=1.87 – 3.33) and nasal spray before working (OR=4.2; 95% CI=1.49-11.83). A high pervalence of allergic OR is observed amongst textile workers in Vietnam highlighting the need for preventive measures to reduce exposure to cotton dust.
Influence of Divisor-ratio to Distribution of Semiprime's Divisor
Authors: WANG Xingbo
Published: June 2018

For a semiprime that consists in two distinct odd prime divisors, this article makes an investigation on the distribution of the small divisor by analyzing the divisor-ratio that is calculated by the big divisor divided by the small one. It proves that, the small divisor must be a divisor of an odd integer lying in an interval that is uniquely determined by the divisor-ratio, and the length of the interval decreases exponentially with the increment of the ratio. Accordingly, a big divisor-ratio means the small divisor can be found in a small interval whereas a small divisor-ratio means it has to find the small divisor in a large interval. The proved theorems and corollaries can provide certain theoretical supports for finding out the small divisor of the semiprime.