bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Specifics of application of mathematical and statistical methods in studies of personal well-being in Ukrain
Authors:   Academy of the State penitentiary service, Chernihiv, Ukraine, T. V. Danylchenko
Published: July 2021

Personal well-being has been actively studied over the past two decades regarding the social practice demands. However, it is an extremely complex multi-concept which is difficult to verify. The article analyzes the mathematical and statistical methods used in Ukrainian studies of the phenomenon of personal well-being over the past five years. Firstly, the study shows that in domestic publications (especially articles) the importance is not given to the mathematical and statistical methods. Secondly, typical tasks in the study of personal well-being are the description of primary data, the study of similarity (Student’s t-test, Mann-Whitney’s U-test, Kraskal-Wallace’s H-test, Wilcoxon’s T-test, ANOVA) and the study of dependencies (Pearson’s correlation coefficient, Spearman’s rank-order correlation coefficient). Thirdly, correlation analysis is still one of the main analysis statistical tools over the past five years according the study of the links between well-being and other psychological phenomena. Since well-being is a highly complex system characterized by the presence of recurrent relationships and nonlinearity, it is important to use the synergetic paradigm and modern mathematical and statistical means of data analysis (Data mining), which allow to characterize systems characterized by ambiguity and uncertainty. Fourthly, application of new modern statistical methods is not yet widespreaded. When studying the phenomenon of personal well-being, the practice of processing small databases within the framework of applied statistics continues. Structural modeling, which makes it possible to confirm multidimensional models of well-being, is not widespreaded. Application of Bayesian networks of trust is quite promising, which are based on the concept of subjective probability, thus it is focused not on the study of objective reality, but on clarifying the individual’s ideas about it. Key words: psychological well-being, mathematical and statistical analysis, subjective well-being, modeling, personal well-being.
Historical and philosophical viev on the democracy phenomenon
Authors:   Academy of the State penitentiary service, Chernihiv, Ukraine, N. Ye. Donii
Published: July 2021

As a form of social life democracy is around for over 2,500 years. The development of democracy is noted to be as a large-scale process in the XXIst century, that became a factor determining the totality of social and legal relations in the world. The today’s democracy as a form of socio-political system of the state, acquired a form different from the democracy that emerged in Athens and which was perceived as perfect and equated to the goddess, whose sanctity was not in doubt and did not allow encroachment. We believe that the transformation of democracy requires reflection. The purpose of the article is to generalize the researchers’s views of different historical epochs on the democracy phenomenon. The democracy, at the time of its inception, was the ideas bearer of the concept of socio-political order, in opposition to the pyramidal-hierarchical social relations. The democracy is also noted to not be approved throughout the history of its existence, which is confirmed by the statements of Plato, Aristotle, Churchill W. and others. However, it is also pointed out that at present the change of attitude to democracy is conceptually fixed, so a variable number of democracy assessments, as well as democracy as a phenomenon itself, have acquired considerable variants. Conclusions. In contrast to the limited classical democracy definition in modern philosophical discourse, this concept is quite broad and has nuances that are emphasized by researchers. Experts proves that democracy is always built in a particular society, thus acquiring unique features. According to researchers, it is a process that requires time, patience and the ability to use the result. In addition, it cannot be achieved by giving only the right to choose, nor as a recipe to “write”, it requires knowledge and skills, which are the result of experience with mistakes and victories. This was emphasized by both ancient highly intelligent youth and modern researchers. Key words: aristocracy, democracy, people, power, polyarchy, democracy waves.
Subculture of convicted as from criminal subculture: cultural and historical aspect
Authors:   Academy of the State penitentiary service, Chernihiv, Ukraine, U. V. Nastoiashcha
Published: July 2021

The purpose of the article is to distinguish the subculture of convicts and criminal subcultures as a known concept Methodology. The basis of this study is a theoretical analysis, synthesis, generalization, systematization of available scientific literature on the subject. Results. The theoretical analysis of scientific works on the basis of an interdisciplinary approach helped to distinguish the subculture of convicts and the criminal subculture in the context of their manifestations in the public consciousness. It is determined that the subculture of convicts develops on the basis of the criminal subculture, which performs a regulatory function in relation to convicts. The criteria of delimitation of subcultures are singled out, which gives each of them a separate place in the general continuum and concerns: attitude to social and legislative norms, places of formation and forms of manifestation, peculiarities of communication and self-presentations. It is proved that a clear distinction between the convicted subculture and the criminal subculture will provide a basis for the rehabilitation of convicts and the effectiveness of the penitentiary service in prison conditions. It was established that the subculture of convicts is a structural element of the criminal subculture with its own system of norms, values, traditions, customs that regulate the behavior of convicts in the informal structure of penitentiaries. Its emergence and existence in places of imprisonment causes a compensatory psychological reaction with a forced desire to adapt, ensure their safety, assert themselves in a community of their own kind, where inevitably formed a system of values, concepts, customs, regulating relations between individuals isolated from society. Practical implications. The subculture of convicts is created and manifested in places of imprisonment, is characterized by the preservation of norms, values, traditions, customs of the criminal subculture, provides for the formation of adaptive mechanisms for places of imprisonment with subsequent inclusion in the rehabilitation process. Value (originality). The clarity of the distinction between the subculture of convicts and the criminal subculture will create the basis for the deployment of prison rehabilitation processes and increase the efficiency of the penitentiary service. Key words: subculture (criminal, prison, convicts), penitentiary institutions, norms of behavior regulation.
Formation of research competence of border officers graduate students in the process of teaching the academic discipline «Theory and methodology of scientific argumentation»
Authors:   Bohdan Khmelnytskyi National Academy of the State Border Guard Service of Ukraine, K. Yu. Tushko
Published: July 2021

The article presents the solution of the scientific problem of improving the educational and scientific training of graduate students of the Border Guard Service of Ukraine. The problem of formation of research competence of graduate students in the process of teaching the discipline “Theory and methods of scientific argumentation” is analysed. The purpose of the article is to generalize the formation of research competence of associate professors in the teaching of the discipline “Theory and methods of scientific argumentation”. For this purpose, a number of scientific works on the topic of research authored by domestic and foreign scientists are analysed. The specifics of educational and scientific training of these specialists are revealed. The content and features of the discipline “Theory and methods of scientific argumentation” are analysed. A description of the research competence of graduate students is given. The author described the essence and content of competence: the ability to identify and justify current scientific problems, as well as to compile these problems for selected research, to carry out scientific procedures of analysis, synthesis, comparison, abstraction and others, to implement the results and formulate necessary scientific conclusions and recommendations. Difficulties in teaching the discipline “Theory and Methods of Scientific Argumentation” to adjuncts are identified: the first group of problems should include those due to the specifics of the system of higher military education in Ukraine: lack of systematic presentation of logical knowledge at the cadet level; reduction or elimination of classroom hours for teaching logic; humiliation of the status of logic in the system of humanitarian education; the second group of problems is related to the definition of the content of the discipline “Theory and Methods of Scientific Argumentation” for graduate students: lack of cooperation with teachers of the discipline “Theory and Methods of Scientific Argumentation” and special disciplines of graduate students; lack of content of the discipline “Theory and methods of scientific argumentation” for associate professors. The conclusions of the research and prospects for further research are formulated. Key words: graduate students; research competence; educational and scientific training; theory and methods of scientific argumentation; teaching, formation.
Specifics of teaching the academic discipline “Sea astronomy” to future boatmaster
Authors:   Danube Institute of the National University «Odessa Maritime Academy», L. I. Cheroi
Published: July 2021

The article presents the scientific problem solution of improving the professional training of future boatmasters of higher educational maritime institutions. The purpose of the article is to analyse and summarize the specific teaching of the academic discipline “Sea Astronomy” by future navigators. For this purpose, a number of scientific works on the research topic authored by domestic and foreign scientists are analysed. The specifics of professional training of these specialists are revealed. The content of the academic discipline “Sea Astronomy” is analysed. The specific features of teaching the discipline are also presented, which are the formation of skills in future navigators to use devices to ensure the safety of navigation; learning the basics of instruments and tools preparation in training for the flight and during the voyage; solving problems to determine the errors of the chronometer, determining the location of the ship by astronomical methods; teaching to operate small but fairly simple devices, the methods of which require high accuracy of measurements and calculations; a significant proportion of classroom hours falls on practical classes; combination in seafaring astronomy of autonomous sections of celestial mechanics, spherical trigonometry, optics, etc., which require their separation into independent topics in the discipline; combination at the end of the discipline study into a complete holistic system of all the above individual sections of science; taking into account certain recommendations by future boatmasters: implementation of preliminary training in the performance of laboratory and practical work; carrying out continuous control of measurements and calculations at each stage. The conclusions of the research and prospects for further research are formulated. Key words: future boatmasters; seafaring astronomy; specifics of the discipline; navigation; professional training.
Theoretical analisis of the causes of jealousy
Authors:   Academy of the State penitentiary service, Chernihiv, Ukraine, V. G. Shcherbata , Yu. V. Borets ,   Academy of the State penitentiary service, Chernihiv, Ukraine
Published: July 2021

The purpose of the article. Theoretical analysis of the causes and manifestations of jealousy. Methodology. The basis of the study is a theoretical analysis, synthesis, generalization, systematization of available scientific literature on the subject. Results. Theoretical analysis of scientific works clarified psychological features and factors of jealousy in marital partners. Scientists identify the leading factors of jealousy of marriage partners personal characteristics, in particular: inadequate self-esteem, self-doubt, inferiority complex, as well as mental and neurotic personality disorders, abuse of alcohol, drugs, various psychoactive substances; jealousy of the traitor, which arise for self-defense; provocative games and flirting partner; negative previous experience of close relationships, in particular experiences of infidelity and marital infidelity in the relationship. Among the causes of jealousy are demographic, socio-psychological and individual-psychological one. Demographic factors are identified by age and gender. The presence of siblings, the order of birth in the family, the model of the parental family, etc. belong to the group of socio-psychological reasons. The group of individual psychological factors that influence the emergence and manifestation of jealousy is represented by the emotional sphere of personality (sentimentality, passion, affectivity, stress) and its psychological guidelines, inertia of mental processes, human self-esteem, value orientations. Practical implications. The need to study jealousy, is the importance of knowing the nature and causes of their appearance in the process of psychological counseling of spouses who are on the verge of divorce due to jealousy. Theoretical materials can be used in the training process of the courses “Psychology of personality”, “Age Psychology”, “Differential Psychology”, “Family Psychology”, “Fundamentals psychological correction”. Theoretical generalizations and conclusions can be used in the implementation of psychological advising marriage partners on problems arising from jealousy marital relations. Originality/value. Theoretical substantiation of the problem of the causes and manifestations of jealousy allows us to conclude that jealousy is characterized as a complex psychological phenomenon related to the sphere of feelings and, depending on their features, is accompanied by different emotions. Key words: emotions, feelings, jealousy, causes of jealousy, demographic causes of jealousy, socio-psychological causes of jealousy, individual-psychological causes.
ПІДТРИМКА ТА СТИМУЛЮВАННЯ ЕКОНОМІЧНОЇ АКТИВНОСТІ ЛЮДЕЙ З ІНВАЛІДНІСТЮ ТА ЧАСТКОВОЮ ПРАЦЕЗДАТНІСТЮ
Authors: Горемикіна Юлія , Котенко Тетяна
Published: July 2021

У статті розглядаються питання підтримки та стимулювання економічної активності людей з інвалідністю та частковою працездатністю. Виокремлено дві основні площини, які характеризують дану проблематику: соціальну відповідальність держави та відповідальність індивіда за власне благополуччя. Представлено чотири напрями реалізації соціальної відповідальності держави перед особами з інвалідністю та частковою працездатністю: інтеграція цих осіб до ринку праці, соціальне обслуговування, освітні послуги, забезпечення відповідності інфраструктурних об’єктів та транспорту потребам даної категорії громадян. Визначено потреби осіб з інвалідністю та частковою працездатністю у площині відповідальності за власне благополуччя і необхідність здійснення певних зусиль при їх задоволенні: пошук роботи, звернення за наданням соціальних послуг, звернення до лікарів, налаштованість людини на співпрацю з державою, зокрема Державною службою зайнятості, службами, що надають соціальні послуги, іншими державними установами системи соціального захисту. Запропоновано основні напрями реалізації соціальної відповідальності держави особам з інвалідністю та частковою працездатністю.
ОЦІНЮВАННЯ ІНВЕСТИЦІЙНОЇ ПРИВАБЛИВОСТІ ОБ’ЄДНАНИХ ТЕРИТОРІАЛЬНИХ ГРОМАД У ГІРСЬКИХ РЕГІОНАХ НА ОСНОВІ ДЕРЖАВНОГО РЕГУЛЮВАННЯ
Authors: Андрійчук Ігор , Конкольняк Марта
Published: July 2021

Стаття присвячена актуальним питанням теоретичних досліджень наукових підходів щодо трактування поняття «інвестиційна привабливість об’єднаних територіальних громад (ОТГ) гірських регіонів». Враховуючи наявність диференційованих теоретико-прикладних підходів, за доцільним вважається здійснення їх ґрунтовного аналізу. У роботі узагальнено сучасні трактування сутності поняття «інвестиційна привабливість» та «інвестиційна привабливість регіону». Проаналізовано законодавче підґрунтя та нормативно-правове забезпечення ведення інвестиційної діяльності в Україні, зокрема у гірських регіонах Карпат. Сформовано визначення інвестиційної привабливості гірських ОТГ, як комплексного показника, у якому відображено сукупність інвестиційно значущих критеріїв із врахування вагомості їх впливу за виокремленими складовими та зважаючи на особливості державного нормативно-правового забезпечення функціонування гірських ОТГ.
РОЗВИТОК ТА НАПРЯМИ ПІДВИЩЕННЯ ЕФЕКТИВНОСТІ ЗЕРНОВИРОБНИЦТВА СІЛЬСЬКОГОСПОДАРСЬКИХ ПІДПРИЄМСТВ УКРАЇНИ
Authors: Гаража Олена
Published: July 2021

Стаття присвячена розвитку та напрямам підвищення ефективності зерновиробництва сільськогосподарських підприємств України. Метою статті є розробка теоретичних та методологічних положень, обґрунтування науково-практичних рекомендацій стосовно підвищення ефективності зерновиробництва сільськогосподарських підприємств. Об’єктом дослідження стали ресурсно-економічні процеси зерновиробництва аграрних підприємств. Обґрунтована важливість розвитку виробництва зернових та зернобобових культур, які в сучасних ринкових умовах стають прибутковою експортною та конкурентоспроможною агропродукцією на зовнішньому ринку. У статті розглянуто структуру посівних площ зернових та зернобобових культур за період 1990-2020 рр. Проаналізовано урожайність та обсяг виробництва зернових та зернобобових культур за період 1990-2020 рр. Досліджено виробництво зерна на одну особу в розрізі регіонів України. Розглянуто вплив розміру посівної площі на обсяг та урожайність зернових та зернобобових культур, зокрема пшениці та кукурудзи на зерно.
АНАЛІЗ МОЖЛИВОСТІ РОЗВИТКУ СІЛЬСЬКОГО ГОСПОДАРСТВА В УКРАЇНІ
Authors: Головачко Василь , Ліба Наталія , Вибер Евелін
Published: July 2021

Основу агровиробничої сфери світового господарства становить сільське господарство – один з найдавніших видів людської господарської діяльності. В ньому як і в наш час зайнято більш як половина економічно активного населення світу. Проте, якщо в країнах, що розвивається, в сільському господарстві працює понад 2/3 зайнятого населення, а в окремих з них – 3/4, то в економічно розвинутих країнах, менш ніж 1/10, економічно активного населення. До прикладу якщо взяти агропромисловий комплекс України, то він становить – 2/3 частки економічно активного населення. Сільськогосподарські угіддя займають 42 млн. гектарів, або 70 % загального фонду країни. 78,9 % сільськогосподарських угідь – орні землі та багаторічні насадження, 13,0 % – пасовища, 8,4 % – сіножаті. Найвища частка орних земель – у степових районах (70-80 %) і лісостеповій зоні. Пасовища зосереджені, в основному, в Карпатах, на Поліссі та в південно-східних степових областях, сіножаті – в долинах річок лісової і лісостепової зон. У сільському господарстві 99% продукції виробляє землеробство і тваринництво,то в розвинутих країнах основним видом діяльності в сільському господарстві є фермерство, де зосереджено велика частина земельного фонду і основні продуктивні можливості виробництва агропромислового комплексу. Інші галузі – аквакультура(розведення риби, молюсків, тощо) та використання комах (шовківництво та бджільництво) – хоч і складають не велику частину, але відіграють також значну роль. Однією з важливих галузей землеробства є – зернові культури. Зернові культури збагачені рослинними білками, які є не замінними для здоров’я населення. Ще однією вагомою частиною є тваринництво. Основоположними галузями в даній сфері виступають: молочне тваринництво, свинарство, виробництво м’ясних продуктів,а також вирощування великої рогатої худоби. Тож на даний момент ця тема є найбільш актуальною для обговорень та дискусій щодо популяризації аналізу розвитку сільського господарства. У статті досліджено та проаналізовано різні сфери сільського господарства України. Зокрема ними стали – зернові культури, тваринництво, продукти тваринництва, та випуск продукції сільського господарства. Визначено та розглянуто можливі бар’єри, які спричиняють уповільнення розвитку сільського господарства, на які варто звернути увагу, щоб дати поштовх для кращого функціонування агропромисловості в Україні.
TRANSFORMATION OF INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN THE CONTEXT OF TRADE CONFLICT BETWEEN THE UNITED STATES AND CHINA
Authors: Довгаль Олена , Довгаль Георгій , Мірошниченко Тетяна
Published: July 2021

The article is devoted to current trends in the development of international trade, a gradual transition from the principles of openness, liberalization of international trade flows, to a policy of strengthening protectionism with long-term consequences for the global and national economies. The purpose of the article is to study the features and evolution of the trade conflict between the United States and China, as well as its consequences for the development of international trade. The economic and trade agreement between the United States and China marked the beginning of a period of truce in the trade confrontation between the two leading economic powers, but at the same time it became a new factor of uncertainty in the field of international trade. It is concluded that it is necessary to search for new forms and directions for the development of international economic relations both at the national, and at the regional and mega-regional levels.
ТЕОРЕТИЧНІ ЗАСАДИ ФУНКЦІОНУВАННЯ МЕХАНІЗМУ ІННОВАЦІЙНОГО РОЗВИТКУ НАЦІОНАЛЬНОЇ ЕКОНОМІКИ В ЕНЕРГЕТИЧНІЙ СФЕРІ В УМОВАХ ІНДУСТРІЇ 4.0
Authors: Трофименко Олена
Published: July 2021

Досліджено умови забезпечення інноваційного розвитку енергетичної сфери на засадах формалізації відповідного механізму в умовах Індустрії 4.0. Визначено специфічні особливості розвитку енергетики, що впливають на теоретико-прикладні аспекти функціонування механізму інноваційного розвитку національної економіки. Визначено базові функції механізму, реалізація яких необхідна для досягнення ідентифікованих цілей. Розкрито та досліджено структурні компоненти механізму інноваційного розвитку національної економіки в енергетичній сфері. Обгрунтовано науково-методологічний підхід до формування механізму інноваційного розвитку енергетичної сфери в системі соціально-економічних трансформацій в умовах Індустрії 4.0 на засадах агрегації таких структурних елементів цього механізму, як конструкторсько-проєктний апарат, техніко-технологічний блок, ресурсно-функціональна підсистема та організаційно-управлінський інструментарій, синергічна взаємодія яких забезпечує зростання конкурентоспроможності національної економіки, оптимізацію галузево-секторальної структури останньої, зміцнення економічної безпеки держави, посилення соціальної відповідальності бізнесу, покращення рівня якості життя населення та підвищення соціальної справедливості в суспільстві.
The perspectives of variable pay in Croatia
Authors: Načinović Braje Ivana
Published: July 2021

Variable pay can have numerous benefits for the employee and the employer, however, the overall effect of variable pay will depend upon employee attitudes and
preferences towards such form of compensation. Considering that reward systems
in Croatia traditionally used the equality principle, the objective of this
paper is to examine the role of variable pay from both employee and employer
perspectives. Research results are based on a Delphi research of employee attitudes
about variable pay and empirical investigation of actual employers’ variable
pay practices. The Delphi study results indicate a lack of consensus about
employees’ preferences for variable pay in Croatia. However, practice shows
that some form of individual variable pay has been adopted by most examined
companies. There is some gap between preferences for variable pay and actual compensation practices so this paper identifies conditions under which acceptance of
variable pay can be improved.
Istraživanje prakse hrvatskih poduzeća u razvoju i upravljanju markom poslovne usluge
Authors: Sinčić Ćorić Dubravka , Babić Lucija
Published: July 2021

Rad izučava temu razvoja i upravljanja markama poslovnih usluga. Nakon pregleda
teorijskog dijela, u radu se predstavljaju rezultati primarnog istraživanja. Cilj
je istraživanja utvrditi na koji način hrvatska poduzeća razvijaju svoju marku
usluga, kako njome upravljaju, kako prenose informacije o njoj i na koji je način vrednuju. Provedeno je jednokratno kros-sekcijsko istraživanje na prigodnom uzorku poduzeća koja pružaju različite poslovne usluge. Rezultati pokazuju kako se analizirana poduzeća prema marki svoje usluge odnose kao prema vrijednoj nematerijalnoj imovini, primjenjuju holistički pristup izgradnje marke te najčešće primjenjuju strategiju korporativne marke. Neodvojivost usluge od zaposlenika rezultira time da su hrvatska poduzeća više usmjerena na interno nego na eksterno komuniciranje. S obzirom na to da je istraživanje razvoja i upravljanja markama
usluga na poslovnim tržištima manje istraženo u odnosu na tržište krajnje
potrošnje, rad pridonosi novim spoznajama u ovom području. Osim toga, zaključci
temeljeni na istraživanju predstavljaju vrijednu spoznaju za poduzeća koja žele
aktivno upravljati svojom markom poslovne usluge.
Private health care sector in Croatia
Authors: Kovač Nevenka , Smolić Šime
Published: July 2021

This paper investigates the trends
in business activity of the private health care sector in Croatia from 2011 to
2018. Databases of Croatian provider of financial and electronic services - Financial
Agency (FINA) - have been employed to explore key performance indicators of
private health care sector companies, in particular trends in total employment,
business revenues and operating profits. In addition, the most important
features of voluntary health insurance (VHI) provided by private health
insurance companies and the Croatian Health Insurance Fund (HZZO) have been
presented. Furthermore, this paper provides both a relevant analysis of the
private health care sector as well as private spending on health care in
Croatia. The results indicate that users of health care services are willing to
pay more to gain faster access and higher quality services. In 2018,
expenditures for private health care services reached almost HRK 5 billion.
Nearly 60% were out-of-pocket (OOP) payments and 40% were paid through the VHI.
Despite the persistent recession, the private health care sector in Croatia
experienced an average annual growth rate of 10% in the analysed period. More
recently, the trend of introduction of more complex services within private
providers can be observed indicating the rise in investments, and
competitiveness. In conclusion, private health care sector’s presence in
Croatia is a reality that should be addressed adequately. Original findings in
this paper might serve as starting point for future discussions regarding the
private health care sector role in the overall health care system financing.
The paper brings a deeper insight into Croatian private health care sector
market using original and most recent microdata thus shedding the light on
important part of our health economy. Nevertheless, paper has certain limitations
that are mainly reflected in relatively narrow set of indicators used in private
health care sector business analysis. This though might be addressed properly
in future research.
Improving Brand Image, Price and Promotion Through Consumer Purchase Decisions
Authors: Waworuntu Ahmad Yusdarwin , Hasan Adnan
Published: July 2021

The study was conducted to determine the impact of brand image, price, and promotion on product purchasing decisions in the Pangkajene, Indonesia. Using primary data from a survey of all consumers conducted during the January to November 2020 sales period. The data were analyzed using the Statistical Product and Service Solutions program; the results indicated that brand image, price perception, and promotion all had a positive and significant effect on product purchasing decisions. Additionally, it was discovered that promotion has a significant impact on purchasing decisions for brand products in Pangkajene, Indonesia.
Das Privatanklageverfahren - Strukturelle Schwächen und Reformbedürftigkeit des Privatanklageverfahrens de lege lata
Authors: Kern Alexander
Published: July 2021

Dogmatisch fundierte und umfassende Auseinandersetzung Dem Privatanklageverfahren kommt in Lehre und Rechtsprechung eine untergeordnete Rolle zu, obwohl es insbesondere im Bereich des gewerblichen Rechtsschutzes, des Medienrechts und jüngst im Zusammenhang mit Ehrenbeleidigungsdelikten ("Hass-im-Netz") immer mehr an Bedeutung gewinnt. Nach wie vor bestehen im Zusammenhang mit der Verfolgung von Privatanklagedelikten zahlreiche ungelöste Fragen, die zu Rechtsunsicherheit führen. Diese Rechtsunsicherheit wird durch eine uneinheitliche Rechtsanwendung durch die Strafgerichte verstärkt. Dieses Buch betrachtet anhand des bisherigen Meinungsstandes und der hierzu ergangenen Judikatur das Privatanklageverfahren, wobei auch die Rechtsprechung der Oberlandesgerichte berücksichtigt wird. Damit stellt die Arbeit eine dogmatisch fundierte und umfassende Auseinandersetzung mit dem Privatanklageverfahren dar. Für die Problemstellungen des Privatanklageverfahrens werden methodengerechte und systemkonforme Lösungen angeboten, um sowohl für den wissenschaftlichen Diskurs als auch für die Rechtsanwendung einen Beitrag zu leisten.
THE STATUS OF OPTIONAL DISCIPLINES IN THE SCHOOL BASED CURRICULUM OF UPPER-SECONDARY SCHOOL: A CASE OF ROMANIA
Authors: Blândul Valentin Cosmin , Bradea Adela
Published: July 2021

The school curriculum includes the learning experiences students are invited to go through in an organized and systemic way. The curriculum has two main parts, the core curriculum and the school based curriculum (SBC) respectively. The latter one concerns the learning experiences, which school provides in addition to the minimum experiences that all students should gain and it can be achieved through optional school disciplines. However, education research has shown that the way these optional disciplines are chosen often expresses the teachers' options rather than those of the students. The main aim of this study was to analyze the subjective perception of upper-secondary school students with regard to the status of optional disciplines within the SBC. The sample consisted of 121 students, who study in 4 upper-secondary schools from Oradea, Bihor County, Romania. The instrument used was a questionnaire, and the implementation period was October-December 2014. The results show that the reasons why students choose a certain optional discipline are related to their need for personal and professional development. The most important subjects students want to study are foreign languages and sports activities, and the favored forms of organization include extracurricular and applied activities.
Key words: extracurricular activities, optional disciplines, school-based curriculum.
BELIEFS OF THE BIOLOGY TEACHERS ABOUT USING MULTIMEDIA
Authors: Odcházelová Tereza
Published: July 2021

The Science disciplines suffer from neglect of the learners. Therefore, the teachers are looking for strategies how to increase the popularity and the efficiency of teaching biology. Biology as a discipline is suitable for using different kinds of visualization, including multimedia support as one of the possibilities for increasing the popularity of this subject. The implementation of multimedia in teaching process can be successful only if the teachers are aware of the needs and the advantages of these teaching aids. Confidence of the efficiency of application of multimedia support into the biology lessons was analysed by means of a questionnaire with the main focus on learning strategies and mental abilities of the learners. The questionnaire was distributed on-line in the Czech Republic to 422 teachers working at primary schools, secondary schools and high schools and to 222 pre-service biology teachers. Respondents identified the importance of using multimedia in everyday life. They determined many educational opportunities arising from the use of multimedia in education. According to their beliefs, the main roles of using multimedia are related to motivation, cognitive activity and learning activity. Besides, the teachers evaluate themselves as not very well experienced in using multimedia tools. Key words: multimedia support of education, teacher´s opinions about multimedia, motivation of learners, popularization of biology.
AGROECOLOGÍA EN GRANDES ÁREAS URBANAS:
Authors: Clar Alejandra
Published: July 2021

Este artículo describe el desarrollo de la agroecología en la Región Metropolitana de Buenos Aires. Se presentan aspectos como experiencias productivas, estrategias de comercialización, actores, movimientos sociales y su presencia en instituciones estatales y universidades, desde los orígenes del campo en la década de los 80` hasta la actualidad. El trabajo teoriza sobre la existencia de cuatro períodos en dicho desarrollo: la década de los 80´, los 90´, del 2001 al 2008 y del 2008 al 2016. Finalmente se reflexiona sobre la injerencia en la región y las perspectivas a futuro.
AGRICULTURA NATURAL EN LA PAMPA AUSTRAL ARGENTINA: EL CASO “MONTE CALLADO”
Authors: Vega Damián , Ibarra Sofía , Monzón Julieta , Jacobo Elizabeth
Published: July 2021

En La Pampa argentina son escasos los casos documentados de productores agroecológicos. En el campo “Monte Callado”, pampa austral, un productor familiar desarrolla desde 2001 una experiencia agroecológica inspirada en la agricultura natural de Fukuoka. Aquí caracterizamos sus principales aspectos ecológico-productivos y socio-económicos, y evaluamos preliminarmente su grado de autonomía (período 2014-2018). Se utilizó información cartográfica, entrevistas y se relevaron indicadores de biodiversidad. Se determinó un alto grado de diversificación e integración de subsistemas, y rasgos que favorecen la viabilidad socio-económica. Se registraron 11 cultivos extensivos, 31 hortícolas y 18 frutales. Cuenta con ganado vacuno para cría e invernada, aves, cerdos y vacas lecheras. No se utilizaron agroquímicos. La producción intensiva se destina mayormente al autoconsumo. La harina de trigo es la principal salida del sistema y principal ingreso monetario. La alta autosuficiencia alimentaria, el bajo uso de insumos externos y la comercialización directa en canales cortos son rasgos de una alta autonomía. Este caso evidencia la conveniencia del modelo agroecológico en pampa austral.
Agroecologia Camponesa: muito além da produção de alimentos saudáveis - um projeto de vida no assentamento contestado, Lapa/PR.
Authors: Dourado Nathan Pereira
Published: July 2021

Correntemente o conceito de desenvolvimento está associado a uma noção positiva, como um processo inexorável para passar de uma dada situação para outra melhor. Por isso, está presente nos discursos e práticas políticas, exercendo um forte poder mobilizador. No entanto, notamos que o desenvolvimento apresenta uma série de contradições em um sistema mundo capitalista moderno-colonial. Na maioria dos casos o discurso desenvolvimentista inspira falsas promessas e a sua prática manifesta diversas controvérsias, limitando os processos de transformação social efetivos. A ideologia do desenvolvimento junto ao avanço destrutivo do capital, em curso no espaço rural brasileiro, já não consegue acomodar as suas intensas contradições. Buscamos com este trabalho, apresentar as contradições em torno deste conceito e dar destaque a uma das múltiplas linhas de argumentação no debate contemporâneo sobre o fenômeno do desenvolvimento, empreendida pela corrente teórica do pós-desenvolvimento; assim, visamos ampliar o quadro de debates atuais e reforçar a coerência teórica e prática das iniciativas de resistências e de alternativas contra hegemônicas. Nesse sentido, buscamos também identificar convergências entre os conceitos de Agroecologia e Bem Viver, como uma possível resposta aos anseios e críticas elaborados pela corrente do pós-desenvolvimento. O estudo empírico apresentado neste trabalho refere-se ao Assentamento Contestado no município da Lapa – PR. Partimos da hipótese que o assentamento constitui-se numa negação ao caráter destrutivo do padrão de desenvolvimento hegemônico, e exprime uma crítica empírica aos limites do capital manifestando racionalidades alternativas - podendo ser visto como um lugar de manifestação do Bem Viver e um possível embrião de renovadas relações sociais pós-desenvolvimentistas. O objetivo da pesquisa é analisar as contribuições da Agroecologia na edificação do Bem Viver – como alternativa ao desenvolvimento. A pesquisa possui natureza qualitativa e combina pesquisa bibliográfica e documental com observação em campo e entrevistas semiestruturadas. Os resultados permitem considerar o assentamento Contestado como um experimento real em que camponeses e camponesas se organizam para produzir e viver a agroecologia, passando a manifestar novas formas de relação entre si, com a natureza e com o trabalho. Os elementos constitutivos de um Bem Viver agroecológico, apontados como tendência no assentamento Contestado, foram: racionalidade ambiental, emancipação humana, convivencialidade, soberania alimentar e promoção da saúde.
SISTEMAS AGROFLORESTAIS PARA A AGRICULTURA FAMILIAR: FORMAÇÃO DE REDES RURAIS NO RIO GRANDE DO SUL
Authors: Ferreira Lucas da Rocha , Kessler dal Soglio Fabio
Published: July 2021

O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar a implantação de Sistemas Agroflorestais (SAFs), usando a perspectiva da produção de novidades e a formação de redes rurais. Serão analisados três casos empíricos no Rio Grande do Sul: da citricultura ecológica no Vale do Caí; da bananicultura agroflorestal no Litoral Norte e a produção da erva-mate agroflorestal em Machadinho. A abordagem utilizada considera que os SAFs sejam novidades, pois o desenho dos sistemas produtivos não advém, exclusivamente, de modelos gerados em centros de pesquisa que foram difundidos aos produtores, senão, que as agroflorestas são fruto da interação entre experiências e conhecimento dos próprios agricultores e o trabalho de campo de extensionistas e pesquisadores. Porém, embora a adoção de SAFs seja tecnicamente viável para as propriedades familiares, criando sinergias entre agricultura e conservação da biodiversidade, a transformação mais geral no nível das paisagens depende da organização de todos os elementos que compõem a formação de redes rurais.
Escalamiento multidimensional (MDS) no métrico en el análisis del comportamiento del consumidor en la adquisición de productos lácteos
Authors: Bolaños Logroño Paulina Fernanda , Márquez Sañay Fernando Ricardo , Mantilla Cabrera Carmen Elena
Published: July 2021

Introducción: El estudio sobre el comportamiento del consumidor ha permitido abordar diversas técnicas multivariantes aplicadas en el área de psicología del consumidor, economía, marketing, turismo y educación, intentando explicar el comportamiento de los consumidores al elegir un determinado producto y su influencia para la toma de decisiones. Objetivo: En este sentido, el presente estudio pretende analizar el comportamiento del consumidor al comprar productos lácteos en la ciudad de Riobamba, en medio de una situación sanitaria que aborda todo el mundo. Metodología: Mediante el uso del escalamiento multidimensional (MDS) no métrico, partiendo de una matriz jerárquica relacionada con la importancia de los atributos más influyentes al momento de elegir un producto lácteo, se optimizó el análisis multidimensional a través de un algoritmo SMACOF implementado en el software libre RStudio. Resultados: En consecuencia, los resultados obtenidos permitieron distinguir 2 dimensiones, en donde la pertinencia de cada variable con el comportamiento del consumidor al momento de realizar la compra, se observa que la marca definitivamente se encuentra alejada del resto de variables, siendo el aspecto de menor importancia para el consumidor, Conclusiones:  en adición  se puede distinguir un grupo de factores que asocian y confirman que el sabor, la calidad y el valor nutricional son los atributos de mayor importancia, el precio es un factor que representa una importancia media al momento de realizar la compra de productos lácteos. Se demuestra que la técnica de Escalamiento Multidimensional puede ser utilizada en estudios de Marketing, sobre el comportamiento del consumidor como alternativa a otras técnicas multivariantes.
Relational Thinking of College Students in Solving Recurrence Relation Problems Using Hanoi Tower Props
Authors: Indraswari Nur Fitriyah , Minggani Fitriana
Published: July 2021

The purpose of this study is to describe how college students with visual, auditory, and kinaesthetic learning style think relationally in solving recurrence relation problems using the tower of Hanoi. This study is an exploratory with a qualitative descriptive approach. It began by the provision of a mathematics ability test and a learning style questionnaire to obtain three subjects, each of which had a different learning style but equivalent mathematics ability. Next, the three subjects were given problem-solving tasks and interviewed twice. Time triangulation is used to check the consistency of the data. After the validity of the data had been confirmed, the analyses were executed. The data analysis stage of this study consists of five stages: data categorisation, data reduction, data presentation, data interpretation, and conclusion. The result shows that all three subjects met the four indicators of relational thinking, were Understand the problem, make a plan completion, carry out the completion plan, and recheck completion but only the kinaesthetic subject managed to find the final answer.
Implementation of Molecular Visualization Program for Chemistry Learning
Authors: Listyarini Risnita Vicky
Published: July 2021

This study aims to investigate the implementation of molecular visualization programs for improving students’ understanding of concepts in chemical bonding.  Chemistry learning in chemical bonding was conducted using molecular visualization program ACD/ChemSketch and Avogadro program. Several topics in chemical bonding include molecular geometry, polarity, bond angle, bond length, intermolecular forces and predicting boiling points. This study employs quasi-experimental research One Group Pretest – Posttest design. The subjects of this study were 46 students of undergraduate program in chemistry education department at Universitas Sanata Dharma.  This study use test (pretest and pretest) and questionnaire to assess students’ perception of implementation of ACD/ChemSketch and Avogadro in chemistry learning. Implementation of ACD/ChemSketch and Avogadro in chemistry learning of chemical bonding gave an effect on students’ understanding based on paired t-test (sig < 0.05) and Kruskal-Wallis (sig < 0.05) test. The percentage of students is 45% with the medium N-gain category and 65% with the high N-gain category for ACD/ChemSketch program. It is 38.46% with the medium N-gain category and 61.54% with the high N-gain category for Avogadro program. Students show positive response to the implementation of ACD/ChemSketch and Avogadro program regarding their understanding, motivation and prospective skill for becoming teachers. Molecular visualization program helps the students to understand the chemical bonding topic.
Development of Science Student Worksheets based on the Bio-Ecology of Cuttlefish (Sepia sp.) Cultivation to Improve Science Literacy for Junior High School Students
Authors: M. Nasir Lalu Muhammad Imam Husaini , Idrus Agil Al , Ramdani Agus
Published: July 2021

The development of the science student worksheet based on the bioecology of cuttlefish (Sepia sp.) cultivation is an effort to improve the scientific literacy skills of students at the coastal village school of East Lombok. The purpose of this research is to produce student worksheet that is feasible, practical, and effective in improving students' literacy skills. This research is research and development using Thiagarajan 4D development model which includes design, define, develop, and disseminate stages. The research subjects consisted of 1 SMP/MTs equivalent in East Lombok which were determined using purposive sampling technique. The instruments used include validation sheets, student and teacher response questionnaires, and scientific literacy assessment instruments. The feasibility and practicality data were analyzed using the percentage formula, and the effectiveness data were analyzed using the N-gain analysis. The results showed that 1) student worksheet science based on the bioecology of cuttlefish cultivation (Sepia.sp) was feasible to use with an average score of 73 for the content/material aspect, 73 for the language aspect, and 85 for the appearance aspect, 2) science student worksheet based on the bioecology of cuttlefish cultivation. (Sepia sp.) is practically used with an average percentage of student responses of 81% and teacher responses of 88%, 3) student worksheet science based on the bioecology of cuttlefish cultivation (Sepia.sp) is effective in improving students' scientific literacy skills with an average N value -gain of 0.5 in the medium category. Thus, it can be concluded that the science student worksheet based on the bioecology of cuttlefish (Sepia sp.) cultivation is feasible, practical, and effective to use in science learning as an effort to improve the scientific literacy of junior high school students in coastal village schools in East Lombok.
Perinatal Outcomes of Babies Born with Fresh or Frozen-Thawed Testicular Sperm in Patients with Azoospermia
Authors: AK Mehmet , Gungor Nur Dokuzeylul
Published: July 2021

Aim: To compare the perinatal outcomes of pregnancies obtained with fresh or frozen-thawed sperm in patients who underwent surgical sperm extraction for the diagnosis of azoospermia. Materials and Methods: In this retrospective study, data were collected on couples who conceived following Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection using surgically retrieved fresh or frozen-thawed sperm. Participants were divided into two equal groups as follows. Group 1 (n = 100) consisted of patients who underwent ICSI and subsequent embryo transfer using fresh testicular sperm and Group 2 (n = 100) consisted of patients who underwent ICSI by using frozen-thawed testicular sperm. Perinatal outcome was compared according to the use of fresh or frozen-thawed sperm. Primary outcome measures included clinical pregancy, miscarriage, live birth, congenital abnormality, birthweight, gestational age at delivery, stillbirth and neonatal death. Results: Live birth and clinical pregnancy rates were found to be significantly higher in patients who underwent ICSI/ET with frozen-thawed testicular sperm compared to fresh sperm group. The miscarriage rates were significantly lower in the frozen-thawed sperm group compared to the fresh testicular sperm group. Clinical pregnancy was detected in 18 cases, while no pregnancy was detected in 82 cases undergoing ICSI with fresh sperm. In the group where ICSI/ET was applied with frozen sperm, clinical pregnancy was detected in 51 cases, whereas pregnancy was not detected in 49 cases. In the frozen sperm group, in addition to C/S and multiple pregnancy rates, the number of babies with a birth weight below 2500 g was significantly higher than in the fresh sperm group. There was no significant difference between the groups in terms of minor and major congenital anomalies, birth weight, gestational age at delivery, stillbirth and neonatal death. Conclusion: Using fresh or frozen testicular sperm does not have a significant effect on perintal outcome in patients with azoospermia.