bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Using AFR+PNI Model for Predicting Disease Activity in Patients With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Luo Qing , Zhao Hongshuai , Fu Peng , Xiao Qiuyun , Fu Biqi , Guo Yang , Huang Qingshui , Huang Zikun , Li Junming
Published: March 2022

Background: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is chronic autoimmune disease with multiple organ damage and is associated with poor prognosis and high mortality. Identification of universal biomarkers to predict SLE activity is challenging due to the heterogeneity of the disease. This study aimed to identify the indicators that are sensitive and specific to predict activity of SLE. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 108 patients with SLE. Patients were categorized into SLE with activity and without activity groups on the basis of SLE disease activity index. We analyzed the potential of routine and novel indicators in predicting the SLE activity using receiver operating characteristic curves and multivariate logistic regression. The Spearman method was used to understand the correlation between albumin to fibrinogen ratio (AFR), prognostic nutritional index (PNI), AFR+PNI model and disease activity.Results: SLE with activity group had elevatory C3, ESR, CRP, D-dimer, fibrinogen, CRP to albumin ratio, positive rate of anti-dsDNA and ANUA, lower TBIL, TP, albumin, albumin/globulin, creatinine, HDL-C, hemoglobin, hematocrit, lymphocyte count, AFR, PNI. A further established model based on combination of AFR and PNI (AFR-PNI model) showed prominent value in distinguishing SLE with activity patients from SLE without activity patients. In addition, the sensitivity and specificity of AFR-PNI model +anti-dsDNA combination model were superior to AFR-PNI model. AFR and PNI were risk factors for SLE activity. Moreocer, AFR, PNI and AFR+PNI model correlated with disease activity. Furthermore, AFR, PNI, and AFR-PNI model were associated with fever, pleurisy, pericarditis, renal involvement. Conclusion: These findings suggest that predictive model based on combination of AFR and PNI may be useful markers to identify active SLE in clinical practice.
Tetracycline Adsorption on Magnetic Sludge Biochar: Effects of pH and Natural Organic Matters
Authors: Wu Yuanhui , Long Dan , Yang Fanian , Luo Suxing
Published: March 2022

Natural organic matters (NOM) are ubiquitous in the environment, but few systematic studies have examined the influence of NOM on the sorption ability of magnetic sludge biochar. In this study, magnetic sludge biochar was synthesized, characterized, and used as a sorbent for the removal of tetracycline (TC) from aqueous solutions. The effects of pH, humic acid (HA) and fulvic acid (FA) on TC adsorption by magnetic sludge biochar were studied using batch experiments. Adding HA and FA would alter adsorption behavior of TC, except its pH dependency. Results showed that relatively low concentration of dissolved HA (≤ 8 ppm) and FA(≤ 5 ppm) promoted the adsorption capacity of TC, but higher concentration competed against TC for sorption sites on surface of magnetic sludge biochar. The results of this study promote a better understanding the application of magnetic sludge biochar in real antibiotic wastewater.
Super-fast Super-resolution With Single Images
Authors: Eilers Paul H.C. , Ruckebusch Cyril
Published: March 2022

We present a fast and simple algorithm for super-resolution with single images. It is based on penalized least squares regression and exploits the tensor structure of two-dimensional convolution. A ridge penalty and a difference penalty are combined; the former removes singularities, while the latter eliminates ringing. We exploit the conjugate gradient algorithm to avoid explicit matrix inversion. Large images are handled with ease: zooming a 100 by 100 pixel image to 800 by 800 pixels takes less than a second on an average PC. Several examples, from applications in wide-field fluorescence microscopy, illustrate performance.
Structural, electrical, and magnetic properties of nano Sr1-XLaXFe12O19 (X = 0.2 - 0.8)
Authors: Basha D. Baba , Kumar N. Suresh , K Chandra Babu Naidu , Kumar G. Ranjith
Published: March 2022

The current work mainly focused on the synthesis, structural, electrical, and magnetic characterization of Sr1 − XLaXFe12O19 (X = 0.2–0.8) (SLFO) nanoparticles synthesized via the hydrothermal reaction technique. The hexagonal crystalline planes were determined using X-ray diffraction analysis. The obtained results indicated that the lattice constants were noted to be increasing from 0.58801 to 0.58825 nm (a = b), and 2.30309 to 2.30341 nm (c) with increase of ‘X’. The morphological studies ensured that the grains as well as nanoparticles of SLFO acquired almost spherical shape. The optical properties were investigated using FTIR and UV-Visible spectra. The optical bandgap (Eg) of SLFO was found to be increasing from 1.866–2.118 eV with dopant content. The electrical properties of SLFO were studied in detail as a function of temperature, and frequency. In addition, the dielectric modulus, and impedance spectroscopy analysis was carried out to describe the space charge polarization, and electric conduction mechanism respectively. The hysteresis loop (M-H curves) of SLFO revealed the decrease of magnetization from 36.34–7.17 emu/g with ‘X’.
The effect of arnafant surfactant on respiratory distress syndrome in rats
Authors: Boskabady Mohammad Hossein , Behrouz Sepide , Beigoli Sima , Ghasemi Saideh Zahra , Boskabady Mostafa H. , Roshan Nema Mohammadian
Published: March 2022

Objectives Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is occurred by disruption of alveolar-capillary membrane and associated with an inflammation process. In the present study, the effect of arnafant surfactant on RDS in rats was compared to curosurf. Methods RDS was induced in male Wister rats by surfactant washout using 10 times lung lavage with 3 ml saline at 37oC through an intra-tracheal cannula after anesthetized with intrapritonal administration of 60 mg thiopental Na while animals were ventilated. Then chest was opened and stepwise increasing volume of air was administered and withdrawer from the lung while lung pressure was monitored and lung compliance was determined using lung volume-pressure curve. Total and differential white blood cells (WBC) as well as oxidative stress markers in the blood and bronco-alveolar lavage (BALF) were also examined. The study was performed in 4 groups (n=10 in each group) of rats including control and RDS, both traded with saline, RDS treated with arnafant and RDS treated with curosurf (2.5 ml contained 6.25 mg surfactant for both drugs).Results The value of lung compliance in RDS group was significantly reduced compared to control group (P<0.001). However, in RDS group treated with arnafant, lung compliance was significantly increased compared to both untreated and to curosurf treated RDS groups (P<0.001 for both cases). Total and differential WBC counts in the blood of RDS group were significantly increased compared to the control group but in RDS group treated with arnafant, total WBC, and lymphocyte counts were significanty decreased compared to untreated RDS group (P<0.01-P<0.001). In the BALF of RDS group treated with curosurf, total and differential WBC were significantly increased but in RDS group treated with arnafant, only total WBC, eosinophil and lymphocyte counts were significanty increased compared to the control group (P<0.01-P<0.001). In the BALF, lung tissue and serum of untreated RDS group, all oxidative stress markers were significantly changed compared to the control group but in arnafant treated RDS group all markers and in curosurf treated RDS group, only thiol level and CAT activity in the BALF as well as MDA and thiol levels both in the lung tissue and serum were significanty improved compared to untreated RDS group (P<0.05-P<0.001).Conclusion Treatment of RDS rats with arnafant significantly improved lung compliance as well as lung and systemic inflammation and oxidative stress and the effect of this surfactant drug was significantly higher than curosurf.
Evaluation of Cultured Melanocytes in Terms of Pigmentation, Genetic Stability and Tumorigenicity in order to Vitiligo patients Transplantation
Authors: Shahbazi Atefeh , Zargar Seyed Jalal , Bajouri Amir , Mohammadi Parvaneh , Aghdami Nasser
Published: March 2022

Aims: Recently cultured melanocyte transplantation has been evolved as a promising modality against extensive depigmentation in vitiligo which are resistant to conventional treatments. Here, we aimed to find the best growth media for clinical purposes and to determine the tumorigenic activity of cultured melanocytes both in vitro and in vivo. Main methods: Human skin melanocytes were isolated from 8 patients, cultured under various growth media till passages 6. The best growth media based on doubling time (DT) and cell counts at each passages, was determined. Also, changes in BRAF, NRAS, and HRAS genes expressions in cultured cells were assessed by real-time PCR and gene sequencing of BRAF V600E and NRAS in exons 1 and 2 as compared to melanoma cell lines. Karyotyping of the passage 6 melanocytes was done to assess the genetic stability. Cells of passages 5, 6 were subcutaneously injected into BALB/c nude mice to evaluate the risk of tumorigenesis after transplantation. Key findings: A mixture of MGM-M2 supplemented with a combination of melanocyte growth factors two times plus 4% fetal bovine serum (FBS), had the best results in terms of PDT and melanocyte count during passages 0 to 6. Karyotypes of melanocytes at passages 5 and 6 in all patients displayed no structural alterations in the 15 metaphase plate spreads. HRAS and BRAF gene expressions of melanocytes at passage 6 showed <2-fold increases, while HRAS and BRAF gene expressions in melanoma cell lines were up-regulated to more than 3 and 8 folds, respectively. Furthermore, NRAS gene expression in melanocytes at passage 6, showed 5-fold change which was lower than NRAS gene expression in melanoma cell line. Gene sequencing of BRAF V600E and NRAS in exons 1 and 2 displayed no mutation. Melanocytes injected into BALB/c nude mice showed no risk of tumor formation. Also, gene sequencing of BRAF and NRAS in injected melanocytes displayed no mutation 16 weeks after transplantation.Significance: Our results revealed that culturing human melanocytes using standard growth media protocols, may increase the expression of specific proto-oncogenes, however will not lead to tumorigenic mutations, in vitro and in vivo.
Impact of Ca substitution on structural, optical, and the colossal permittivity dielectric properties of La1-xCaxNi0.5Ti0.5O3 (x = 0 and x = 0.2) nanomaterial’s for energy storage devices
Authors: Gharbi Sirine , Dhahri A. , Dhahri Essebti , Barille Regis , Rguiti Mohamed , Omari L.H. , Mariano Jose F. M. L.
Published: March 2022

Using the sol-gel method, we elaborated the La1-xCaxNi0.5Ti0.5O3 (x=0.0 and x=0.2) nanopowders. These powders were sintered at 820°C. X-ray diffraction technique (DRX) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) verify the formation of a perovskite orthorhombic structure with the Pnma space group. The band gap energy was evaluated by UV–Vis spectroscopy for the compounds. Photoluminescence (PL) explains the process by which a substance absorbs photons and then re-emits photons. It is found that the imaginary part of the modulus (M'') are frequency-related, and display relaxation peaks that shift to higher frequencies with rising temperature. A non-Debye relaxation was confirmed in our samples. We have improved permittivity with the calcium substitution rate. We found giant permittivity around 106. The value of the giant dielectric constant decreases with rising frequency, demonstrates that there is dispersion in the range of low-frequency and exhibit Maxwell-Wagner interface polarization. We computed the activation energy from the dielectric constant and the modulus (M). The observed giant permittivity values specify that our materials may be appropriate for applications in energy storage devices and small-volume high-performance capacitors.
Hysteresis Between Canopy Temperature and Atmospheric Temperature and Their Drivers on Winter Wheat
Authors: Huang Jialiang , Wang Shuang , Guo Yuhong , Chen Junying , Yao Yifei , Chen Dianyu , Liu Qi , Zhang Yuxin , Zhang Zhitao , Xiang Youzhen
Published: March 2022

Quantitative characterization of the time-lag effect between canopy temperature and atmospheric temperature and its controlling factors in the agricultural ecosystem may contribute to a higher inversion accuracy of soil water content using canopy-air temperature information. For this end, the canopy temperature (Tc) of winter wheat at four irrigation levels, W1 (field capacity of 95%), W2 (field capacity of 80%), W3 (field capacity of 65%) and W4 (field capacity of 50%), were continuously monitored, and the data of such environmental factors as solar radiation (Rs), atmospheric temperature (Ta), relative humidity (RH) and soil water content (SWC) were simultaneously collected. With the synchronous diurnal time series, the lag relationship between Tc and Ta was analyzed, and the lag time (LT) was calculated using time-lagged correlation analysis; multiple linear regression model was used to construct the time lag model based on factors of Rs, Ta, RH and SWC, and path analysis was used to study the interaction among the factors. The results showed: (1) hysteresis existed between Tc and Ta over the diel cycles, and different weather and irrigation levels did not change the direction of the time lag loop. (2) the key driver regulating the diel hysteresis pattern between Tc and Ta varied under different weather: on rainy days, key driver was Rs while on cloudy and sunny days, the key driver was RH. Meanwhile, SWC had some effect on hysteresis under a certain threshold.(3) the multiple regression model indicated that together Rs, Ta, RH, and SWC explained 68 ± 3, 48 ± 8, and 64 ± 3% of the variation of time-lag effect on rainy, cloudy, and sunny days, respectively. Path analysis showed that the key driver could enhance the time-lag effect through other indirect factors. These findings clearly indicated a dynamic process of time-lag effect between Tc and Ta with different weather and different irrigation levels. This study contributes to the understanding of the time-lag effect and its driving factors and this analysis provides the basis for further improvement on monitoring crop water deficit.
Silicon modifies C:N:P stoichiometry and improves the physiological efficiency and productivity of sorghum grown under nutritional sufficiency.
Authors: Carvalho Jonilson Santos , Frazão Joaquim José , Prado Renato de Mello , Júnior Jonas Pereira de Souza , Costa Milton Garcia
Published: March 2022

The benefits of silicon (Si) in plants under nutritional sufficiency may be involved in the modification of C:N:P stoichiometry, favoring homeostasis, cell metabolism and physiological processes, increasing biomass. However, studies in the grain sorghum are still scarce. Therefore, the objective was to evaluate the effect of Si supply on C:N:P stoichiometry, physiological response, and production of grain sorghum. The experiment was carried out in pots with four concentrations of Si: 0; 1.2; 2.4; and 3.6 mmol L-1. The increase in Si concentration linearly increased the dark green color index and stomatal conductance, although photosynthetic rate and transpiration increased up to the concentration of 1.9 and 2.0 mmol L-1, respectively. The application of Si decreases C:Si, C:N e C:P stoichiometric ratios and favors photosynthesis, resulting in an increase in grain biomass. Dry matter was favored by increasing Si concentrations up to 1.4; 2.3; 2.1; and 2.2 mmol L-1 for root, shoot, whole plant, and grain, respectively. Thus, the results reveal that the benefit of Si in sorghum under nutritional sufficiency occurs due to the induction of optimization of C:N:P stoichiometry, consequently increasing metabolic efficiency and optimizing the efficiency of the use of C, providing increases in the photosynthetic and biomass production.
Delirium due to hip fracture is associated with activated immune-inflammatory pathways and a reduction in negative immunoregulatory mechanisms
Authors: Thisayakorn Paul , Thipakorn Yanin , Tantavisut Saran , Sirivichayakul Sunee , Maes Michael
Published: March 2022

Background: The objectives of this study were to delineate whether delirium is associated with activation of the immune-inflammatory response system (IRS) as indicated by activation of M1, Thelper (Th)1, and Th17 profiles, and/or by reduced activities of the compensatory immunoregulatory system (CIRS), including Th2 and Tregulatory profiles. Methods: We recruited 65 elderly patients with a low energy impact hip fracture who underwent hip fracture operation. The CAM-ICU and the Delirium Rating Scale, Revised-98-Thai version (DRS-R-98) were assessed pre-operatively and 1, 2 and 3 days after surgery. Blood samples (day 1 and 2) post-surgery were assayed for cytokines/chemokines using a MultiPlex assay and the neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio. Results: We found that delirium and/or the DRS-R-98 score were associated with IRS activation as indicated by activated M1, Th1, Th17 and T cell growth profiles and by attenuated CIRS functions. The most important IRS biomarkers were CXCL8, interleukin (IL)-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α, and the most important CIRS biomarkers were IL-4 and soluble IL-1 receptor antagonist. We found that 42.5% of the variance in the actual changes in the DRS-R-98 score (averaged from day 1 to day 3) was explained by T cell growth factors, baseline DRS-R-98 scores and age. The pain scores during delirium were significantly and positively associated with CXCL8 and CCL3 and negatively with IL-4 and sIL-1RA. An increase in the NLR reflects overall IRS, M1, Th1, Th17, and Th2 activation. Conclusions: Post-hip surgery delirium is associated with activated IRS pathways and appears especially in patients with lowered CIRS functions.
Effect of mobile-phone position on the visual and driving behavior: A LCT based study
Authors: Verma Indresh Kumar , Nayak Bighna Kalyan , Karmakar Sougata
Published: March 2022

This study aims to investigate the effect of the position of mobile-phones used for navigation purpose on the driving performance and visual behavior of drivers. With the advancement of technology in recent times, drivers of mobile-application based taxi services (MABTS) use mobile-phones for providing service booking and navigation. Previous studies showed that the drivers place the in-vehicle mobile phone at various locations as per their choice. This behavior could severely affect their driving performance and visual behavior. Thirty drivers performed visual-manual tasks on mobile-phone located at different positions (left, right, front, and middle of the steering wheel) around the dashboard while driving in a simulated driving environment. Lane Change Test (LCT) assessed the driving behavior, and the eye-tracker measured the visual behavior. The outcome of LCT revealed that the best driving performance was achieved for mobile-phone located at the front of the steering wheel. The subjective workload rating score was highest, and driving performance was worst for the middle mobile phone position. The findings of this study show that the in-vehicle mobile phone position has a significant effect on the driving performance and visual behavior of the drivers. Insights drawn could be useful in drafting standard operating procedure for the MABTS drivers in particular and others in general.
Future Extension Of The UK Summer And Its Impact On Autumn Precipitation
Authors: Cotterill Daniel F. , Pope James O. , Stott Peter A.
Published: March 2022

Research into weather circulation changes over the UK for future climate has mainly focused on changes in the Summer and Winter seasons, with less analysis on seasonality and the transition seasons. Using the 30 Met Office weather patterns we examine the influence of climate change on seasonality through atmospheric circulation using a number of climate models. Changes in seasonality are important as they can have large impacts on many sectors including agriculture, energy and tourism. This paper finds a noticeable increase in Autumn over the UK in the frequency of drier summer-type regimes and a decrease in stormy winter types that emerge as early as the 2020s. The change in circulation signal once isolated from the overall signal is responsible for a 4-12% decrease in Autumn mean rainfall on average for England by the end of this century (where the values in the range are dependent on the emissions scenario). This change is projected over English regions that are already experiencing water stress, and with predictions of drier summers over the UK in future, this could further increase drought risk. The change in circulation in Autumn also moderates the large increase in the number of large-scale extreme daily rainfall events over the same regions predicted due to climate change. While climate models replicate the frequency of the 30 weather patterns well for all seasons, large differences remain between the strength of circulation signal changes simulated by models even though the general trend is in agreement.
Prognostic value of combined preoperative phase angle and handgrip strength in cardiac surgery
Authors: Papadakis Marios , Panagidi Mairi , Papazoglou Andreas S. , Moysidis Dimitrios V. , Vlachopoulou Elpiniki , Kouidi Evangelia , Tagarakis Georgios , Anastasiadis Kyriakos , Galanos Antonis
Published: March 2022

Objectives: Phase angle (PA) constitutes a bioelectrical impedance measurement, indicating cell membrane health and integrity, hydration, and nutritional status. Handgrip strength (HS) has been also associated with body composition, nutritional status, inflammation, and functional ability in several chronic diseases. Although their prognostic significance as independent biomarkers has been already investigated regarding the outcomes of a cardiac surgery, our study is the first one to assess the combined predictive value of preoperative PA and HS.Design and methods: HS and PA measurements were performed preoperativelyin 195 patients undergoing cardiac surgery. The association ofthe combination of HS and PAwith all-cause mortality rates was the primary study outcome, while its association with the intensive care unit (ICU) length of stay(LOS) was the secondary one.Results:PA was positively correlated with HS (r=0.446, p<0.005)and negatively with EuroSCORE II (r = -0.306 p <0.005). The combination of PA<5.15 and HS<25.5 was associated with higher one-year all-cause mortality (OR=9.28; 95% CI 2.50-34.45; p=0.001)compared to patients with PA>5.15 and HS>25.5, respectively.Patients with combined lower values of PA and HS (PA<5.15 and HS<30.7) were at higher risk of prolonged ICU LOS (OR=4.02; 95% CI 1.53-10.56; P=0.005)compared to those with higher PA-HS (PA>5.15-HS>30.7). The combination of PA-HS was also significantly linked with EuroSCORE II.Conclusion: The combination of low preoperative PA and HS values was significantly associated with higher risk of all-cause mortality at 12 months and prolonged ICU LOS; thereby it might serve as a clinically useful prognostic biomarker after cardiac surgery procedures.
Timing of the onset of weight discordance in pathologic monochorionic twin pregnancies.
Authors: Herzeg Akos , Reinbach Tiana , Rauch Geraldine , Kyvernitakis Ioannis , Lapa Denise , Wallwiener Stephanie
Published: March 2022

The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
Risk and Prognosis of Second Corpus Uteri Cancer after Radiation Therapy for Pelvic Cancer: A Population-Based Analysis
Authors: Yu Guanhua , Wei Ran , Li Shuofeng , Wang Yongjiao , Liu Hengchang , Chen Tianli , Guan Xu , Wang Xishan , Jiang Zheng
Published: March 2022

Background: Radiation therapy (RT) is a standard treatment for the local control of primary pelvic cancers (PPC), yet the risk of second corpus uteri cancer (SCUC) in PPC patients undergoing RT is still controversial. This study investigated the impact of RT on the risk of SCUC and assessed the survival outcome.Methods: We queried nine cancer registries for PPC cases in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. The cumulative incidence of SCUC was analyzed using Cox regression and Fine & Gray competing risk regression analysis. The Poisson regression analysis was employed to assess the standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) and radiation-attributed risk (RR) for SCUC. We evaluated the overall survival of patients with SCUC using the Kaplan-Meier method.Results: In a total of 70,214 PPC cases, the primary pelvic cancers were located in the rectum and rectosigmoid (39.0 %), cervix uteri (17.0 %), ovary (15.0 %), bladder (27.0 %), anus, anal canal, and anorectum (2.0 %). Receiving radiotherapy was strongly associated with a higher risk of developing SCUC for PPC patients in Fine-Gray competing risk regression (No-RT vs. RT, adjusted HR= 1.77, 95%CI: 1.40-2.28, P＜0.001). The incidence of SCUC in PPC patients who received RT was higher than the US general population (SIR, 1.66; 95% CI, 1.41-1.93, P<0.05), but the incidence of SCUC in patients who did not receive RT was lower than with the US general population (SIR, 0.68; 95% CI, 0.61-0.75, P<0.05). The dynamic SIR and RR for SCUC decreased with decreasing age at PPC diagnosis and decreased with time progress. In terms of overall survival, 10-year survival rates with SCUC after No-RT (NRT) and SCUC after RT were 45.9% and 25.9% (HR= 1.82, 95%CI: 1.46-2.29, P＜0.001), respectively.Conclusion: Radiotherapy for primary pelvic cancers is associated with higher risk of developing SCUC than patients unexposed to radiotherapy. We suggest that patients with pelvic RT, especially young patients, should receive long-term monitoring for the risk of developing SCUC.
Generation of Axially Splitted Ultra-Long Multiple Optical Needles/Optical Tubes Using Generalized Cylindrical Vector Bessel Gaussian Beam Phase Modulated by Annular Walsh Function Filter
Authors: D. Thiruarul , J. William Charles , M. Lavanya , K.B Rajesh , Z. Jaroszewicz
Published: March 2022

Based on vector diffraction theory and annular Walsh function filter, axially splitted ultra-long multiple optical needles/optical tubes of electric as well as magnetic field distributions are numerically generated by generalized cylindrical vector Bessel Gaussian beam phase modulated by annular Walsh function filter. This multiple optical structures can be conveniently tailored by properly tuning the initial phase of the Cylindrical vector beam(CVB) and Walsh order of the annular Walsh function filter. Furthermore, the effect of energy flux density(Poynting vector) as well as Spin angular momentum(SAM) distribution in the focal region are theoretically analyzed. We expect that such an axially splitted focal systems could be applicable in optical trapping and manipulation of multiple particles, optical super resolution microscopy etc.
Socioeconomic Inequalities in Cancer Incidence: A Comparative Investigation Based on Population of Iranian Provinces
Authors: Ahadinezhad Bahman , Maleki Aisa , Amerzadeh Mohammad , Mohtashamzadeh Bahareh , Khosravizadeh Omid
Published: March 2022

Background: Cancer is the second important cause of death worldwide. Cancer is one of the top health priorities in Iran. We aimed to study the socio-economic inequality of cancer incidence in Iran provinces. Methods: We conducted this cross-sectional study using provincial data. We obtained the required data from the statistical yearbook report, the Statistics Center Report and the National Cancer Registration Program Report of Iran’s Ministry of Health and Medical Education (MoHME) for 2018. Socio-economic inequality of cancer incidence was analyzed by estimating the concentration index and extracting the concentration curve. Statistical analyzes were performed using STATA 14. Results: Our findings revealed that cancer incidence was unequally distributed in terms of the socio-economic status in Iranian provinces. Cancer incidence is slightly concentrated in the provinces with higher than average literacy, per capita income and insurance coverage and household size below average. The concentration of cancer incidence has been to the detriment of the provinces that have a slightly better ranking in terms of the socio-economic index. The employment rate did not significantly affect cancer's distribution burden.Conclusion: We recommend policymakers facilitate early cancer detection by providing insurance coverage for screening services, payment exemptions, and public awareness.
The impact of vegetables and durum wheat value chains to allivaite unemployment and migration in selected woredas of Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia.
Authors: Zewdie Amanuel
Published: March 2022

The study was to contribute creating evidence from the government and NGOs intervention experience for further supporting durum wheat and vegetable value chains players in strengthening, expanding and in creating jobs for vulnerable youth in the target areas. With the specific objectives of this research was identify elements of the intervention that shall be further promoted, adjusted or discontinued, identify a range of market-driven non-farm business and income generation opportunities for youth groups and cooperatives, within the durum wheat and vegetable value chains and across interconnecting markets and identify the COVID-19-related impact on youth and women in the target value chains. Sample size includes vegetable traders 123, for wheat trader 261 and for wheat and vegetable producers 384. Cross-tabulation, charts, figures, percentages, and graphs used along with narrative accounts to present the findings. Qualitative data collected via KII narrated and interpreted to supplement data obtained through questionnaire. Wheat processing private companies in the study areas has been creating job opportunities for a number of unemployed youths. The majority of the durum wheat producers 90 (35.86%) and 62 (35.06%) in the study areas were supplied their product to whole seller and local collectors. Both wheat and vegetable target producers were asked about the possible impact of the current pandemic Covid-19 on their farm production. Creating strong linkages among different actors and/ sectors in the value chain for developments of both durum wheat and vegetable value chain developments and through creating job for youth and stemming irregular migration is crucial recommended.
Neutralizing Type I Interferon Autoantibodies in Japanese Patients With Severe COVID-19
Authors: Eto Shohei , Nukui Yoko , Tsumura Miyuki , Nakagama Yu , Kashimada Kenichi , Mizoguchi Yoko , Utsumi Takanori , Taniguchi Maki , Sakura Fumiaki , Noma Kosuke , Yoshida Yusuke , Ohshimo Shinichiro , Nagashima Shintaro , Okamoto Keisuke , Endo Akifumi , Imai Kohsuke , Kanegane Hirokazu , Ohnishi Hidenori , Hirata Shintaro , Sugiyama Eiji , Shime Nobuaki , Ito Masanori , Ohge Hiroki , Kido Yasutoshi , Bastard Paul , Casanova Jean-Laurent , Tanaka Junko , Morio Tomohiro , Okada Satoshi
Published: March 2022

PurposeAutoantibodies (aAbs) to type I interferons (IFNs) have been found in <1% of individuals under the age of 60 in the general population, with the prevalence increasing among those over 65. Neutralizing autoantibodies (naAbs) to type I IFNs have been found in at least 15% of patients with life-threatening COVID-19 pneumonia in several cohorts of primarily European descent. We aimed to define the prevalence of aAbs to IFN-α2 in 3,456 Japanese controls aged 20–91 and of aAbs and naAbs to IFN-α2 and IFN-ω in 627 Japanese COVID-19 patients aged 0–104, among whom were 170 critical, 235 severe, 112 moderate, 105 mild, and 5 asymptomatic infections.MethodsELISA and ISRE reporter assays were used to detect aAbs and naAbs using E. coli-produced IFNs.ResultsIn an uninfected general Japanese population aged 20–91, we found aAbs in 0.087% of individuals. naAbs to type I IFNs (IFN-α2 and/or IFN-ω, 100 pg/mL) were detected in 10.6% of patients with critical infections, 2.6% of patients with severe infections, and ≤1% of patients with asymptomatic to mild infections. They were higher in COVID-19 patients over 50 (5.8%) than in younger patients (0%) and higher in men (5.5%) than in women (1.1%). A significant but not strong correlation between aAbs and naAbs to IFN-α2 existed (r=-0.307, p-value<0.0001), stressing the importance of measuring naAbs.ConclusionIn the largest study focusing on a single ethnic and geographic group, we show that Japanese individuals with pre-existing naAbs have a much higher risk of life-threatening COVID-19 pneumonia.
Assessments of Morbid Soreness Symptoms in Fibromyalgia Help With Phenotype Classification and Predicting Therapeutic Responses: Prospective Observational Analysis
Authors: Hung Chih-Hsien , Tsai Ming-Hsien , Wang Po-Sheng , Liang Fu-Wen , Lee Kuo-Wei , Fong Yi-On , Han Der-Sheng , Lee Cheng-Han , Lai Chiou-Lian , Chen Chih-Cheng
Published: March 2022

Background: Muscle soreness occurs after exercise and also under morbid conditions, such as fibromyalgia (FM). However, how the morbid soreness manifests in FM and how it affects the disease remain unknown. Also, whether the non-exertional soreness in FM differs from exercise-induced soreness phenotypically is unclear.Methods: Fifty-one newly diagnosed FM patients from 166 consecutive cases of chronic musculoskeletal pain and 41 healthy controls were prospectively recruited. Musculoskeletal symptoms and metabolomics data were analyzed before the initiation of pharmacotherapy. Clinical manifestations and therapeutic responses were recorded with a follow-up of 4 weeks. Results: Soreness complaints were common in FM (92.2%). Soreness had clinical impacts different from pain, and affected stiffness and restless conditions. In terms of manifestations and metabolomic features, phenotypes diverged between cases with prominent soreness (FM-PS) and those without symptoms (FM-P). Conventional treatment did not ameliorate soreness severity despite its efficacy on pain. Moreover, despite the salient therapeutic efficacy on pain relief, current treatment did not improve the general disease severity in FM-PS versus FM-P. Metabolomics analyses suggested oxidative metabolism dysregulation in FM. Also, high malondialdehyde level indicated excessive oxidative stress in FM individuals (p=0.008). Contrary to exercise-induced soreness, lactate levels were significantly lower in FM individuals than controls, especially in FM-PS. Moreover, FM-PS cases exclusively featured increased malondialdehyde level (p=0.008) and its correlation with soreness intensity (r=0.337, p=0.086). Conclusion: Morbid soreness symptoms were prevalent in FM, with presentation distinct from exercise-induced soreness. Assessments of non-exertional soreness in FM may provide valid approaches for phenotype classification and therapeutic prediction.
Clinical Characteristics and Prognostic Factors of Anal Adenocarcinoma: A Nomogram Development Based on SEER Database and Validation in Real- World Study
Authors: Zhou Yu-Wen , Wei Gui-Xia , Tang Lian-Sha , Wang Jia-Ling , Qiu Meng
Published: March 2022

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to comprehensively understand anal canal adenocarcinomas (AA) and develop a nomogram for prognostic prediction of AA.Methods: Data were extracted from the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database (year 2004-2015). And real-world data was collected from West China Hospital (WCH) databases. Propensity-score matching (PSM) was performed to balance the demographic characteristic. A novel nomogram was developed to estimate individual survival probability and its performance was validated using the concordance index (C-index), calibration curves, and decision curve analyses (DCA). Results: A total of 28,282 patients were enrolled including 749 AA patients and 7,152 squamous cell carcinomas of the anal canal (ASCC) patients. Before PSM, patients with AA had a shorter cancer specific survival (CSS) and OS than those with ASCC. However, after PSM, patients with AA were related to a favorable OS (p <0.001), but a comparable CSS (p =0.140) to those with ASCC. Age, sex, grade, surgery, and M stage were the independent prognostic factors of CSS for AA and were included in the establishment of novel nomogram. Patients from WCH database (n= 112) were used as external validation cohort. The C-index of the nomogram was 0.78 and 0.735 in internal and external validation, respectively, which suggested the good discrimination power of the model. Furthermore, calibration curves and DCA suggested good agreement between the predicted and actual survival. Lastly, a risk classification system based on nomogram revealed the reliability of the novel model.Conclusion: AA and ASCC had distinct clinical features. AA was associated with a better prognosis than ASCC after PSM. The model of nomogram showed an accurate predictive ability for prognostic factors of AA patients.
Maximum Apparent Temperature Lowers Birth Weight And Increase Hazards Of Preterm Birth In A Constant High Ambient Temperature Exposed Population In Piura, Peru
Authors: Fano-Sizgorich Diego , Vásquez-Velásquez Cinthya , Vásquez Vanessa , Tapia Vilma , Chauca José , Sernaqué Víctor , Gonzales Gustavo F.
Published: March 2022

Introduction: Exposure to high environmental temperature during pregnancy has been associated with lower birth weight, and an increased risk of preterm birth (PTB). The province of Piura is a region with a higher environmental temperature than the rest of the country; however, it is unknown how temperature would be impacting reproductive health in populations exposed to high basal temperatures.Objective: To determine the association between maximum apparent temperature (HImax) during pregnancy with birth weight and preterm birth in newborns in the province of Piura, 2011-2016.Methods: Semi-ecological study, where maternal-perinatal data from Santa Rosa Hospital (N=17,788); and maximum apparent temperature data were evaluated. Four exposure windows were analyzed: the entire pregnancy, and each gestational trimester, which were assigned according to date of birth and gestational age, categorized into quartiles. The association with birth weight was assessed by linear regression; and Cox regression for PTB.Results: A negative association was found between birth weight and HImax in all exposure windows, except for the first trimester, the effect being greater during the third trimester. As for preterm birth, higher HImax increased the hazard of PTB, with the highest effect seen in the P95 exposed group in every exposure window; nonetheless, the first and second trimester being the most temperature-sensitive exposure windows.Conclusion: HImax during pregnancy is related to lower birth weight and higher PTB hazards, but with different susceptibility according to the stage of pregnancy.
The Risk Factors of Low Anterior Resection Syndrome After Colorectal Cancer Surgery Compared with the Last Decade Studies
Authors: Ri HyokJu , Xu ZhaoHui , Kim GunHyok , Ren YanYing , Qu Hui , Gong ZeZhong , AMADOU BOUREIMA HAMIDOU , Chen Xin
Published: March 2022

Purpose
This study aims to identify the independent risk factors compared with the last decade studies in the low anterior resection syndrome (LARS) after surgery for colorectal cancer (CRC).
Method
This was a cross-sectional, single-institution study in the Second Affiliation Hospital of Dalian Medical University, China. Patients underwent sphincter-preserving low anterior resection with total or partial mesorectal resection (with or without protective ileostomy) and completed a self-filled questionnaire over the phone to assess postoperative bowel dysfunction from January 2017 to December 2019. The predictors of LAR were evaluated using univariate and multivariate analyses, and compared with the last decade studies.
Result
The study population was 566 patients, 264 (46.64%), 224 (39.58%), and 78 (13.78%) patients with no, minor, and major LARS, respectively. In the univariate analysis, independent factors such as tumor location and size, anastomotic height, protective ileostomy, post-operation chemoradiotherapy, tumor T stage, lymphatic nodal metastasis classification, surgery duration, and time interval for closure of stoma were significantly associated with LARS points while we found the tumor T stage and lymphatic nodal metastasis classification as the new independent risk factors compared with the last decade studies. in the multivariate analysis, factors such as low and middle tumor location and protective ileostomy, and post operation treatment, nodal metastasis classification were the independent risk factors for major LARS.
Conclusion
The new independence risk factors were tumor T stage and lymphatic nodal metastasis status in univariate analysis in our study, with anastomotic height, low and middle tumor location, protective ileostomy, post-operation chemoradiotherapy, nodal metastasis status increasing LARS point in multivariate analysis after surgery for CRC.
Identification of tumor antigens and immune subtypes of bladder cancer for mRNA vaccine development
Authors: Luo Yongwen , Cao Rui , Chen Zhenghao , Ma Bo , Wang Gang , Tian Ye
Published: March 2022

Background: Bladder cancer (BLCA) is a common malignancy from urinary tract. Although the diagnosis and treatment of bladder cancer has made great progress in the past few decades, the effects of existing treatment methods are still limited. Therefore, it is still necessary to develop new methods to assist in the disease management and treatment. Tumor antigens are tumor-specific surface molecules and are generally considered to be the main components of a typical cancer vaccine, which could initiate and active immune cells to recognize and eliminate cancer cells. In the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, mRNA vaccines have re-entered people's vision. Methods: The genomic and clinical data of 411 BLCA and 19 normal tissues were acquired from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and GSE13507 cohorts. Differential expression genes and mutation analysis were performed to screen out potential antigens, Kaplan-Meier curves were carried out to investigate the correlation between the level of potential antigens and OS of patients. Immuno-phenotyping of 411 tumor samples was based on the single-sample gene sets enrichment analysis (ssGSEA). The tumor immune microenvironment characteristics was explored in each immune subtype. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was used to clusterimmune-related genes and screen the hub genes, and pathway enrichment analyses were performed on the hub modules related to immune subtypes in the WGCNA.Results: Through genetic and transcriptional analysis on TCGA and GSE13507 datasets, we have identified 6 genes as potential candidate genes for BLCA specific tumor antigens. We also identified 3 immune subtypes of BLCA, which displayed distinct clinical, molecular and immune-related characteristics. In addition, we have constructed immune landscape to identify the immune cell components of each BLCA patient, which could predict clinical outcome of the patients, and assist in the development of personalized mRNA vaccines. Conclusions: our findings indicated that 6 genes such as PTPN6 may be potential tumor antigens, and provide a reliable reference for the further development and management of cancer vaccines.
Case Report Of Peri-Lead Edema Leading To Seizure After Deep Brain Stimulation Surgery And Literature Review
Authors: Li Tao , Wang Xiaoxi , Song Chunli , Liu Wei , Ren Lu , Pu Lanlan , Liang Zhanhua
Published: March 2022

Background: Deep brain stimulation (DBS) has become a frequently performed surgery in patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD). It is not free of surgical complications and a mysterious one is cerebral sterile peri-lead edema. Herein, we report on a case of a PD patient with symptomatic peri-lead edema presenting with seizures after surgery and recovered completely after conservative therapy. Case presentation: A 68-year-old female, with an 8-year history of rigidity-dominant Parkinson’s disease. After an all-around previous evaluation by neurologists, she was referred for bilateral subthalamic nucleus (STN) DBS surgery. There were no intraoperative complications. Two days after discharge (postoperative day six) she presented to the emergency department with a new onset of seizures. A subsequent 1.5 T MRI of the brain under stimulation off state showed obvious bilateral vasogenic edema extending from STN targets to cortex. Initiated corticosteroids (intravenous dexamethasone 10 mg per day) with a remarkable completely infectious workup. Levetiracetam (500 mg p.o. bid) was given for seizure prophylaxis. The follow-up brain 1.5T MRI imaging (postoperative day thirty-six) revealed that the edema has improved. At the patient’s latest follow-up visit, 12 months after initial lead placement, she demonstrated expected improvement in bradykinesia, gait, and rigidity with a significant reduction in dyskinesia and medication requirement and no evidence of cognitive or memory impairment.Conclusions: Symptomatic peri-lead edema is no more a relatively rare side effect of DBS surgery. A correct diagnosis can avoid futile and costly procedures such as system removal and antibiotic prescriptions. Eventually the outcome was good in most cases.
Denosumab for prevention of immobilization-induced alterations of bone turnover in patients admitted to a neurosurgical intensive care unit: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Kerschan-Schindl Katharina , Wadiura Lisa , Butylina Maria , Reinprecht Andrea , Aretin Marie-Bernadette , Mischkulnig mario , Gleiss Andreas , Pietschmann Peter
Published: March 2022

Background: Metabolic bone disease is a devastating condition in critically ill patients admitted to an intensive care unit (ICU). We investigated the effects of the antiresorptive drug denosumab on bone metabolism in previously healthy patients. Methods: Fourteen patients with severe intracerebral or subarachnoid hemorrhage were included in a phase 2 trial. Within 72 hours after ICU admission, they were randomized in a 1:1 ratio to receive denosumab 60 mg or placebo subcutaneously. The primary endpoint was group differences in the percentage change of C-terminal telopeptide of type 1 collagen (CTX-1) levels in serum from denosumab/placebo application to four weeks thereafter. Changes in serum levels of bone formation markers and urinary calcium excretion were secondary outcome parameters. Results: Regarding serum levels of CTX-1, changes over time averaged -0.45 ng/ml (95%CI: -0.72, -0.18) for the denosumab group and +0.29 ng/ml (95%CI: -0.01, +0.58) for the placebo group. The primary endpoint, the group difference in changes between baseline and secondary measurement, adjusted for baseline serum levels and baseline neurological status, averaged -0.74 ng/ml (95%CI: -1.14, -0.34; p=0.002). The group difference in changes between baseline and secondary osteocalcin measurement averaged -5.60 ng/ml (95%CI: -11.2, -0.04; p=0.049). The group difference in averaged change between baseline and secondary measurement of 24-hour urine calcium excretion was significant (-1.77 mmol/l (95%CI: -3.48; -0.06; p=0.044). No adverse events could be attributed to the study medication. Conclusion: The investigation proved that a single application of denosumab early after admission to an ICU prevents any immobilization-associated increase in bone resorption among previously healthy individuals.
An Analysis on IoT Forensics: As a Use Case Amazon Echo System
Authors: Francis Antino
Published: March 2022

We determine the identity of the Internet of things (IoT) such as sensors or anything that has a connection such as a router and the preservation of evidence needs to obtain evidence from its owners and after that, we have an analysis phase in which some forensic tools are used The FTK computer is used in the electronic discovery process and finally, it presents the investigators to obtain the results and reasons, Its importance is considered to be special for dialogue and scenario within the process, because the Internet of things(IoT) systems contain different settings, for example, forensic things in Amazon.