Analisis Pendapatan Petani Karet pada Sistem Peremajaan Bertahap
Authors: Listyati Dewi , Ferry Yulius 
Published: September 2016

<p>peremajaan di perkebunan rakyat adalah terbatasnya modal petani dan kekhawatiran petani kehilangan pendapatan selama peremajaan. Penelitian bertujuan mendapatkan sistem peremajaan yang lebih murah dan efisien, serta menjamin kesinambungan pendapatan petani. Penelitian dilaksanakan Januari 2012 – Juni 2014 di Kecamatan Way Tuba, Kabupaten Way Kanan, Lampung. Penelitian dirancang menggunakan 8 sistem peremajaan, yaitu (1) 30%-30%-40% + jagung, (2) 30%-30%-40% + kacang tanah, (3) 50%-50% + jagung, (4) 50%-50% + kacang tanah, (5) 70%-30% + jagung, (6) 70%-30% + kacang tanah, (7) 100% + jagung, (8) 100% + kacang tanah. Data yang dikumpulkan meliputi penerimaan dari hasil penjualan lump tanaman karet tua, penjualan kayu tanaman karet yang ditebang, penjualan produksi tanaman sela selama dua kali musim tanam/tahun, biaya usaha tani dan pendapatan petani. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan model peremajaan tebang 100% memberikan pendapatan yang terbesar pada umur karet TBM, namun memerlukan biaya tunai yang juga lebih besar. Jumlah pendapatan atas biaya tunai selama 3 tahun dari model peremajaan 100% antara Rp46.412.000,00 (R/C=3,83)–Rp55.080.000,00 (R/C=3,83). Berdasarkan nilai R/C yang diperoleh maka alternatif model peremajaan dipilih model peremajaan 70%-30% atau 50%-50%. Jumlah pendapatan biaya tunai yang diperoleh dari model peremajaan 70%-30% sebesar Rp45.035.000,00 (R/C=4,88)–Rp52.144.000,00 (R/C=4,87), sedangkan model peremajaan 50%-50%, sebesar Rp44.213.000,00 (R/C=5,07)–Rp50.944.000,00 (R/C=4,90). Pada peremajaan karet rakyat, peran tenaga kerja dalam keluarga sangat penting, selain mempercepat pekerjaan juga lebih hemat.</p><p>Kata kunci: Hevea brasiliensis, peremajaan, tebang bertahap, pendapatan petani</p><p>Rejuvenation is one of the efforts to increase the productivity of rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis) that already old and damaged. The obstacle encountered during rejuvenation in smallholder rubber plantations is limited costs and losing of revenue. The objective of this study was to obtain the rejuvenation system which is cheaper and more efficient, as well as to ensure the continuity of farmers’ income. This research was carried out in Way Tuba District, Way Kanan Regency, Lampung from January 2012 – June 2014. The study was designed using eight rejuvenation systems, namely: (1) 30%-30%-40% + corn, (2) 30%-30%-40% + peanut, (3) 50%-50% + corn, (4) 50%-50% + peanut, (5) 70%-30% + corn, (6) 70%-30% + peanut, (7) 100% + corn, and 8) 100% + peanut. The collected data including revenue from lump of old rubber plant, revenue from timber, revenue from intercrops (two times during growing season/year), farming cost and farmers’ income. The results showed that the rejuvenation model at 100% of logging provide the highest revenue at immature rubber plantation, but require high cash costs. Total revenue for the cash costs for 3 years obtained from 100% rejuvenation model is IDR46,412,000.00–(R/C=3.83)–IDR55,080,000.00 (R/C=3.83). However, based on the R/C value, an alternative model of rejuvenation that can be selected are 70%-30% or 50%-50%. Total revenue at cash cost obtained from the rejuvenation model of 70%-30% is IDR45,035,000.00 (R/C=4.88)–IDR52,144,000.00 (R/C=4.87). Meanwhile, rejuvenation model of 50%-50% gives cash cost revenue of IDR44,213,000.00 (R/C=5.07)–IDR50,944,000.00 (R/C=4.90). The role of family member as a labour in the rejuvenation system is important to speed up the work, which would be more efficient.</p>