bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Advance Care Planning: ein Konzept zur Stärkung der Autonomie pflegebedürftiger Menschen (nicht nur) am Lebensende
Authors: in der Schmitten Jürgen , Rixen Stephan , Marckmann Georg
Published: July 2022

Eine große Sorge vieler Menschen im Zusammenhang mit chronischer Pflegebedürftigkeit gilt dem drohenden Verlust der Autonomie, nicht zuletzt im Kontext medizinischer Maßnahmen in lebensbedrohlichen Situationen, die mit Einwilligungsunfähigkeit einhergehen. Der bislang etablierte Einsatz von Patientenverfügungen lässt deren Potenzial, Autonomie zu stärken, bisher weitgehend ungenutzt. Advance Care Planning/Behandlung im Voraus Planen ist ein bisher wenig etabliertes Konzept, das die Vorausplanung für künftige, mit Einwilligungsunfähigkeit einhergehende gesundheitliche Krisen als einen anspruchsvollen Prozess gemeinsamer Entscheidungsfindung versteht. Kern des Konzepts ist die Befähigung der vorausplanenden Person zu autonomen Entscheidungen durch eine qualifizierte Gesprächsbegleitung. Fürsorge wird hier als umfassende Stärkung der Fähigkeit zu autonomen Entscheidungen verstanden. Die dabei ermittelten individuellen Behandlungspräferenzen können in inhaltlich aussagekräftige Patientenverfügungen im Sinne wohlinformierter Festlegungen münden. Damit die so dokumentierten Behandlungswünsche zuverlässig Beachtung finden, sind eine institutionelle Implementierung und eine regionale Vernetzung der beteiligten Akteure erforderlich. Mit dem § 132g SGB V haben pflegebedürftige Menschen in Einrichtungen der stationären Pflege und der Eingliederungshilfe Anspruch auf kassenfinanzierte Gesprächsbegleitungen erhalten. Der Beitrag thematisiert aktuelle Herausforderungen und Kontroversen und formuliert Anregungen für eine Weiterentwicklung der Rahmenbedingungen des Advance Care Planning in Deutschland.
Lebensqualität im Mittelpunkt der Langzeitpflege von Menschen mit Körperbehinderungen
Authors: Helbig Roman , Latteck Änne-Dörte
Published: July 2022

Die Pflege von Menschen mit Körperbehinderungen wird in pflegewissenschaftlichen Diskursen bislang nur randständig betrachtet. Erkenntnisse zur Pflege dieser Zielgruppe sind notwendig, da die körperlichen Besonderheiten zu einer Inanspruchnahme pflegerischer Hilfestellungen führen können. Im Rahmen unserer qualitativen Grounded-Theory-Studie konnte gezeigt werden, dass Lebensqualität im Mittelpunkt der Pflege von Menschen mit Körperbehinderungen steht. Demnach werden pflegerische Handlungen maßgeblich durch das Wohn- und Hilfsumfeld, z. B. stationäres oder ambulantes Wohnen, sowie intervenierende Bedingungen, z. B. das Ausmaß der Akzeptanz einer vorhandenen Körperbehinderung, beeinflusst. Pflegerische Maßnahmen können dann die Veränderung der Wohnform oder die positive Beeinflussung von Verarbeitungsprozessen sein, jedoch immer mit dem Ziel, dass Menschen mit Körperbehinderung selbst über die eigene Lebensqualität entscheiden.
Herausforderungen in der Versorgung schwer psychisch kranker Menschen
Authors: Gühne Uta , Schulz Michael , Nienaber André , Rogge Stefan , Riedel-Heller Steffi G.
Published: July 2022

Die Prävalenz schwerer und chronischer psychischer Erkrankungen wird auf 1–2 % der Erwachsenenbevölkerung geschätzt. Neben der großen Erkrankungslast verbinden sich hiermit vor allem auch deutliche Risiken hinsichtlich der Teilhabe an Bildung, Arbeit, Wohnen und sozialem Leben. Zudem gehen schwere psychische Erkrankungen mit einer deutlich reduzierten somatischen Gesundheit und Lebenserwartung einher. Entsprechend hoch sind die verschiedenen Bedarfe der Betroffenen. Eine erforderliche umfassende und multiprofessionelle Behandlung in einem ambulanten Setting, die sich an den individuellen und im zeitlichen Verlauf auch an den wechselnden Bedarfen orientieren muss, wird in Deutschland nur zögerlich umgesetzt. Dabei stehen verschiedene Instrumente zur Verfügung, die darauf gerichtet sind, eine personenzentrierte und koordinierte Versorgung und Überwindung von Sektoren- und Sozialgesetzgebungsgrenzen zu ermöglichen. Der Beitrag skizziert die besondere Lebens- und Versorgungssituation schwer psychisch kranker Menschen und greift dabei Aspekte psychiatrischer Pflege und der Pflegebedürftigkeit i. S. des SGB XI, § 14 auf.
Systemischer Pruritus: Was gibt es Neues in Diagnostik und Therapie?
Authors: Brand M. , Kremer A. E.
Published: July 2022

Hintergrund

Chronischer Pruritus ist ein häufiges Symptom zahlreicher internistischer Erkrankungen. Insbesondere sind Patienten mit chronischer Niereninsuffizienz, hepatobiliären Erkrankungen und myeloproliferativen Neoplasien betroffen.

Ziel der Arbeit

Dieser Übersichtsartikel soll einen Überblick über die laborchemische und bildgebende Diagnostik sowie aktuelle und neuartige Therapieansätze des Pruritus systemischer Erkrankungen geben.

Material und Methoden

Es erfolgte eine ausführliche PubMed-Recherche.

Ergebnisse

Zur Abklärung des chronischen Pruritus wird eine Stufendiagnostik empfohlen, die sich an der Häufigkeit der mit Pruritus assoziierten Erkrankungen orientiert. Eine Basisdiagnostik ermöglicht dabei eine kostengünstige und gezielte Abklärung auf hausärztlicher Ebene. Aktuelle topische und medikamentöse Therapieempfehlungen des Pruritus bei chronischer Niereninsuffizienz, hepatobiliären Erkrankungen und myeloproliferativen Neoplasien sowie selteneren Ursachen wurden übersichtlich zusammengefasst. Daneben werden neuartige Therapieansätze wie der κ‑Opioidrezeptor-Agonist Difelikefalin, Bezafibrat, Inhibitoren des „ileal bile acid transporter“ (IBAT) und des JAK(Januskinase)-STAT(„signal transducers and activators of transcription“)-Signalweges aufgezeigt.

Diskussion

Chronischer Pruritus bei systemischen Erkrankungen kann eine diagnostische Herausforderung darstellen. Eine Stufendiagnostik erleichtert die Identifikation der zugrunde liegenden Erkrankung. Ein verbessertes pathophysiologisches Verständnis hat zu ersten zugelassenen Therapieoptionen bei „chronic kidney disease“-assoziiertem und hepatischem Pruritus geführt.
Stochastic frontier estimation through parametric modelling of quantile regression coefficients
Authors: Fusco E. , Benedetti R. , Vidoli F.
Published: July 2022

Stochastic frontiers are a very popular tool used to compare production units in terms of efficiency. The parameters of this class of models are usually estimated through the use of the classic maximum likelihood method even, in the last years, some authors suggested to conceive and estimate the productive frontier within the quantile regression framework. The main advantages of the quantile approach lie in the weaker assumptions about data distribution and in the greater robustness to the presence of outliers respect to the maximum likelihood approach. However, empirical evidence and theoretical contributions have highlighted that the quantile regression applied to the tails of the conditional distribution, namely the frontiers, suffers from instability in estimates and needs specific tools and approaches. To avoid this limitation, we propose to model the parameters of the stochastic frontier as a function of the quantile in order to smooth its trend and, consequently, reduce its instability. The approach has been illustrated using real data and simulated experiments confirming the good robustness and efficiency properties of the proposed method.
Long-Term Follow-Up of Right Ventricle to Pulmonary Artery Biologic Valved Conduits Used in Pediatric Congenital Heart Surgery
Authors: Lewis Michael J. , Malm Torsten , Hallbergson Anna , Nilsson Fredrik , Ramgren Jens Johansson , Tran Kiet , Liuba Petru
Published: July 2022

Valved conduit reconstruction between the right ventricle (RV) and the pulmonary circulation is often necessary in the surgical treatment of complex congenital heart defects. The aim of this study is to evaluate the long-term performance of the three types of conduits we have used and assess risk factors for conduit failure. Retrospective, single-center review of 455 consecutive pediatric patients with 625 conduits from 1990 to 2019 undergoing RV-to-pulmonary artery (PA) reconstruction with a valved conduit. The three conduit types investigated were pulmonary homograft, aorta homograft, and bovine jugular vein (BJV) graft. Overall patient survival was 91.4%, freedom from conduit replacement (FCR) was 47.4%, and freedom from reintervention (FFR) was 37.8% with a median follow-up of 8.7 years (interquartile range 4.3–13.3 years). For pulmonary homografts, 10-, 20-, and 28-year FCR was 79.6%, 68.6%, and 66.0%, respectively. For aortic homografts, 10-, 20-, and 30-year FCR was 49.8%, 31.5%, and 23.0%, respectively. For BJV grafts, 10- and 19-year FCR was 68.1% and 46.0%, respectively. When controlling for baseline variables, FCR was similar for pulmonary homografts and BJV grafts. Overall patient survival was excellent. Risk factors for conduit failure in patients operated with reconstruction of the RV-PA outflow tract included low age, low weight, small conduit size, and certain cardiac diagnoses. There was no evidence for a shorter life span of the second graft. Pulmonary homografts and BJV grafts performed similarly but the risk of endocarditis was greater in the BJV group.
Can Checklists Solve Our Ward Round Woes? A Systematic Review
Authors: Treloar Ellie C. , Ting Ying Yang , Kovoor Joshua G. , Ey Jesse D. , Reid Jessica L. , Maddern Guy J.
Published: July 2022

Background

Accurate and thorough surgical ward round documentation is crucial for maintaining quality clinical care. Accordingly, checklists have been proposed to improve ward round documentation. This systematic review aimed to evaluate the literature investigating the use of checklists to improve surgical ward round documentation.

Methods

MEDLINE, EMBASE, and PsycINFO were searched on August 16, 2021. Study selection, data extraction, and risk of bias assessment were performed in duplicate. We included English studies that investigated the use of checklists during ward rounds in various surgical subspecialties compared to routine care, where the rates of documentation were reported as outcomes. We excluded studies that used checklists in outpatient, non‐surgical, or pediatric settings. Due to heterogeneity of outcome measures, meta‐analysis was precluded. This study was registered with PROSPERO (ID: CRD42021273735) and followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses 2020 (PRISMA 2020) reporting guidelines.

Results

A total of 206 studies were identified, only 9 were suitable for inclusion. All included studies were single‐center observational studies, spanning across seven surgical specialties. Rates of documentation on 4–23 parameters were reported. Documentation for all measured outcomes improved in 8/9 studies; however, statistical analyses were not included. There was a high risk of bias due to the nature of observational studies.

Conclusion

Ward round checklists can serve as a useful tool to improve inpatient care and safety. Currently, there is no high‐level evidence showing the effectiveness of checklists on ward round documentation. The synthesis of results indicates that further high‐quality research is imperative.
Prospective dietary polyunsaturated fatty acid intake is associated with trajectories of fatty liver disease: an 8 year follow-up study from adolescence to young adulthood
Authors: Wan Fuzhen , Pan Feng , Ayonrinde Oyekoya , Adams Leon A. , Mori Trevor A. , Beilin Lawrence J. , O’Sullivan Therese A. , Olynyk John K. , Oddy Wendy H.
Published: July 2022

Background and aim

Dietary fat intake has long been associated with fatty liver. Our study aimed to determine the effect of dietary fats on longitudinal fatty liver index (FLI) trajectories from adolescence to young adulthood.

Methods

Nine hundred eighty-five participants in the Raine Study, Perth, Western Australia, Australia, had cross-sectional assessments at ages 14, 17, 20 and 22 years, during which anthropometric measurements and blood tests were obtained. FLI trajectories were derived from the longitudinal FLI results. Dietary fat intake was measured with a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire at 14 years and log multinominal regression analyses were used to estimate relative risks.

Results

Three FLI trajectories were identified and labelled as stable-low (79.1%, N = 782), low-to-high (13.9%, N = 132), and stable-high (7%, N = 71). The low-to-high group associated with an increased intake of the long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids EPA, DPA and DHA (RR 1.27, 95% CI 1.10–1.48) relative to the stable-low group. Compared to the stable-low group, omega-6 and the ratio of omega-6 to omega-3 in the stable-high group were associated with an increased relative risk of 1.34 (95% CI 1.02–1.76) and 1.10 (95% CI 1.03–1.16), respectively.

Conclusion

For those at high risk of fatty liver in early adolescence, high omega-6 fatty acid intake and a high ratio of omega-6 to omega-3 fatty acids are associated with increased risk of fatty liver. There should be caution in assuming these associations are causal due to possible undetected and underestimated confounding factors.
Adequacy of calcium and vitamin D nutritional status in a nationally representative sample of Irish teenagers aged 13–18 years
Authors: Cashman Kevin D. , Kehoe Laura , Kearney John , McNulty Breige , Walton Janette , Flynn Albert
Published: July 2022

Context and purpose

In light of the key roles of vitamin D and calcium in adolescent bone health, there is a critical need for representative data on nutritional status for both micronutrients in teenagers. The present work used data from the recent representative National Teens’ Food Survey II (2019–2020) to assess calcium and vitamin D intakes of teenagers in Ireland, including adequacy of such intakes, as well as, for the first time, to characterise serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentrations and their determinants.

Methods

Usual calcium and vitamin D intake estimates were generated using food intake data (via 4-day weighed food records) from a nationally representative sample of teenagers aged 13–18 years in Ireland (n 428). Serum 25(OH)D was measured (via LC–MS/MS) in the 57.5% (n 246) who provided a blood sample.

Results

Sixty-seven and 94% of Irish teenagers had intakes of calcium and vitamin D below the respective Estimated Average Requirements values, reflecting a high degree of inadequacy of intake for both micronutrients (and higher in girls than boys; P < 0.001). In addition, 21.7% and 33.1% of teenagers had serum 25(OH)D < 30 nmol/L (risk of vitamin D deficiency) and 30–49.9 nmol/L (inadequacy), respectively. Extended winter sampling, being aged 16–18 years, low total vitamin D intake, being overweight/obese or being of non-white skin type were significant (P < 0.05) predictors of serum 25(OH)D < 30 nmol/L.

Conclusions

There was a high prevalence of inadequacy of intake of calcium and vitamin D in Irish teenagers, and a fifth were at increased risk of vitamin D deficiency.
Loss of LAMP5 interneurons drives neuronal network dysfunction in Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Deng Yuanyuan , Bi Mian , Delerue Fabien , Forrest Shelley L. , Chan Gabriella , van der Hoven Julia , van Hummel Annika , Feiten Astrid F. , Lee Seojin , Martinez-Valbuena Ivan , Karl Tim , Kovacs Gabor G. , Morahan Grant , Ke Yazi D. , Ittner Lars M.
Published: July 2022

In Alzheimer’s disease (AD), where amyloid-β (Aβ) and tau deposits in the brain, hyperexcitation of neuronal networks is an underlying disease mechanism, but its cause remains unclear. Here, we used the Collaborative Cross (CC) forward genetics mouse platform to identify modifier genes of neuronal hyperexcitation. We found LAMP5 as a novel regulator of hyperexcitation in mice, critical for the survival of distinct interneuron populations. Interestingly, synaptic LAMP5 was lost in AD brains and LAMP5 interneurons degenerated in different AD mouse models. Genetic reduction of LAMP5 augmented functional deficits and neuronal network hypersynchronicity in both Aβ- and tau-driven AD mouse models. To this end, our work defines the first specific function of LAMP5 interneurons in neuronal network hyperexcitation in AD and dementia with tau pathology.
Abuse and revictimization in adulthood in multiple sclerosis: a cross-sectional study during pregnancy
Authors: Eid Karine , Torkildsen Øivind , Aarseth Jan , Celius Elisabeth G. , Cortese Marianna , Holmøy Trygve , Kapali Akash , Myhr Kjell-Morten , Torkildsen Cecilie F. , Wergeland Stig , Gilhus Nils Erik , Bjørk Marte-Helene
Published: July 2022

Background

Knowledge concerning exposure to abuse in adulthood and in pregnancy in people with multiple sclerosis (MS) is sparse.

Objective

To determine the occurrence of adult abuse and abuse in relation to pregnancy in women with MS and their risk of revictimization (repeated abuse as adults after childhood abuse).

Methods

This cross-sectional study comprised pregnant women from the Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort study. Information on abuse was acquired through self-completed questionnaires. We used logistic regression to estimate adjusted odds ratios (aORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs).

Results

We identified 106 women with MS at enrollment through linkage with national health registries. The reference group consisted of 77,278 women without MS. Twenty-seven women (26%) with MS reported any adult abuse compared to 15,491 women (20%) without MS, aOR 1.33 (0.85–2.09). Twenty-two (21%) women with MS reported systematic emotional abuse compared to 13% without MS, aOR 1.75 (1.08–2.83). Ten women (10%) with MS reported sexual abuse, compared to 6% without MS, aOR 1.72 (0.89–3.33). More women with MS reported rape as an adult, aOR 2.37 (1.02–5.49). Women with MS had higher risk of revictimization as adults, after childhood abuse, aOR 2.23 (1.22–4.10). The risk of abuse during pregnancy or 6 months preceding pregnancy was similar between the groups.

Conclusions

Women with MS had increased occurrence of systematic emotional abuse, rape, and revictimization as adults, compared to women without MS.
Galactose induces formation of cell wall stubs and cell death in Arabidopsis roots
Authors: Höftberger Margit , Althammer Martina , Foissner Ilse , Tenhaken Raimund
Published: July 2022

Main conclusion

Arabidopsis seedlings growing on low concentration of galactose stop regular root growth. Incomplete cell division with cell wall stubs, binuclear and giant cells and lignified root tips are observed.

Galactose is a sugar abundant in root cell walls of Arabidopsis. Nevertheless, we found that the germination of Arabidopsis seedlings on galactose containing media causes a strong modification of the root development, as shown by analysing the root with microscopy methods ranging from the bright field over confocal to transmission electron microscopy. At concentrations of about 1 mM, the growth of the primary root stops after a few days though stem cell markers like WOX5 are still expressed. The root tip swells and forms a slightly opaque, partially lignified structure in parts of the cortex and the central cylinder. The formation of the cell plate after mitosis is impaired, often leading to cell wall stubs and binuclear cells. Some cells in the cortex and the central cylinder degenerate, while some rhizodermal and cortical cells increase massively in size. The galactose toxicity phenotype in Arabidopsis depends on the activity of galactokinase and is completely diminished in galactokinase knock-out lines. From the comparison of the galactose toxicity phenotype with those of cytokinesis mutants and plants treated with appropriate inhibitors we speculate that the toxicity syndrome of galactose is caused by interference with intracellular vesicle transport or cell wall biogenesis.
A sequential addition and migration method for generating microstructures of short fibers with prescribed length distribution
Authors: Mehta Alok , Schneider Matti
Published: July 2022

We describe an algorithm for generating fiber-filled volume elements for use in computational homogenization schemes. The algorithm permits to prescribe both a length distribution and a fiber-orientation tensor of second order, and composites with industrial filler fraction can be generated. Typically, for short-fiber composites, data on the fiber-length distribution and on the volume-weighted fiber-orientation tensor of second order is available. We consider a model where the fiber orientation and the fiber length distributions are independent, i.e., uncoupled. We discuss the use of closure approximations for this case and report on identifying the describing parameters of the frequently used Weibull distribution for modeling the fiber-length distribution. We discuss how to integrate these procedures in the Sequential Addition and Migration algorithm, developed for fibers of equal length, and work out algorithmic modifications accounting for possibly rather long fibers. We investigate the capabilities of the introduced methodology for industrial short-fiber composites, demonstrating the rather low dispersion of the effective elastic moduli for the generated unit cells.
Heterogeneity of metabolic adaptive capacity affects the prognosis among pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas
Authors: Kanda Taishu , Wakiya Taiichi , Ishido Keinosuke , Kimura Norihisa , Fujita Hiroaki , Yoshizawa Tadashi , Goto Shintaro , Tatara Yota , Kijima Hiroshi , Hakamada Kenichi
Published: July 2022

Background

Evolutionary cancer has a supply mechanism to satisfy higher energy demands even in poor-nutrient conditions. Metabolic reprogramming is essential to supply sufficient energy. The relationship between metabolic reprogramming and the clinical course of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains unclear. We aimed to clarify the differences in metabolic status among PDAC patients.

Methods

We collected clinical data from 128 cases of resectable PDAC patients undergoing surgery. Sixty-three resected tissues, 15 tissues from the low carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9), 38–100 U/mL, and high CA19-9, > 500 U/mL groups, and 33 non-tumor control parts, were subjected to tandem mass spectrometry workflow to systematically explore metabolic status. Clinical and proteomic data were compared on the most used PDAC biomarker, preoperative CA19-9 value.

Results

Higher CA19-9 levels were clearly associated with higher early recurrence (p < 0.001), decreased RFS (p < 0.001), and decreased DSS (p = 0.025). From proteomic analysis, we discovered that cancer evolution-related as well as various metabolism-related pathways were more notable in the high group. Using resected tissue immunohistochemical staining, we learned that high CA19-9 PDAC demonstrated aerobic glycolysis enhancement, yet no decrease in protein synthesis. We found a heterogeneity of various metabolic processes, including carbohydrates, proteins, amino acids, lipids, and nucleic acids, between the low and the high groups, suggesting differences in metabolic adaptive capacity.

Conclusions

Our study found metabolic adaptation differences among PDAC cases, pertaining to both cancer evolution and the prognosis. CA19-9 can help estimate the metabolic adaptive capacity of energy supply for PDAC evolution.
The fractal structure of elliptical polynomial spirals
Authors: Burrell S. A. , Falconer K. J. , Fraser J. M.
Published: July 2022

We investigate fractal aspects of elliptical polynomial spirals; that is, planar spirals with differing polynomial rates of decay in the two axis directions. We give a full dimensional analysis of these spirals, computing explicitly their intermediate, box-counting and Assouad-type dimensions. An exciting feature is that these spirals exhibit two phase transitions within the Assouad spectrum, the first natural class of fractals known to have this property. We go on to use this dimensional information to obtain bounds for the Hölder regularity of maps that can deform one spiral into another, generalising the ‘winding problem’ of when spirals are bi-Lipschitz equivalent to a line segment. A novel feature is the use of fractional Brownian motion and dimension profiles to bound the Hölder exponents.
Chasing perception in domestic cats and dogs
Authors: Abdai Judit , Uccheddu Stefania , Gácsi Márta , Miklósi Ádám
Published: July 2022

Chasing motion is often used to study the perception of inanimate objects as animate. When chasing interaction and independent motions between two agents are displayed simultaneously on a screen, we expect observers to quickly perceive and recognise the chasing pattern (because of its familiarity) and turn their attention to the independent motion (novelty effect). In case of isosceles triangles as moving figures, dogs and humans both display this behaviour, but dogs initially preferred to look at the chasing pattern whereas humans started to increase their gaze towards the independent motion earlier. Here, we compared whether family cats perceive moving inanimate objects as animate and whether their looking behaviour is similar to that of small family dogs. We displayed a chasing and independent motion side by side on a screen in two consecutive trials and assessed subjects’ looking behaviour towards the motions. Similarly to previous studies, we found that dogs eventually looked longer at the independent motion, but cats preferred to look at the independent motion at the beginning of the video display and only later shifted their attention to the chasing motion. No difference was found in the frequency of gaze alternation of the two species. Thus, although cats discriminate between the chasing and independent motions, it is not clear whether this discrimination is controlled by animate motion cues. The difference may originate from their ecological situation and/or may be explained by specific perceptual mechanisms.
Topic-based influential user detection: a survey
Authors: Panchendrarajan Rrubaa , Saxena Akrati
Published: July 2022

Online Social networks have become an easy means of communication for users to share their opinion on various topics, including breaking news, public events, and products. The content posted by a user can influence or affect other users, and the users who could influence or affect a high number of users are called influential users. Identifying such influential users has a wide range of applications in the field of marketing, including product advertisement, recommendation, and brand evaluation. However, the users’ influence varies in different topics, and hence a tremendous interest has been shown towards identifying topic-based influential users over the past few years. Topic-level information in the content posted by the users can be used in various stages of the topic-based influential user detection (IUD) problem, including data gathering, construction of influence network, quantifying the influence between two users, and analyzing the impact of the detected influential user. This has opened up a wide range of opportunities to utilize the existing techniques to model and analyze the topic-level influence in online social networks. In this paper, we perform a comprehensive study of existing techniques used to infer the topic-based influential users in online social networks. We present a detailed review of these approaches in a taxonomy while highlighting the challenges and limitations associated with each technique. Moreover, we perform a detailed study of different evaluation techniques used in the literature to overcome the challenges that arise in evaluating topic-based IUD approaches. Furthermore, closely related research topics and open research questions in topic-based IUD are discussed to provide a deep understanding of the literature and future directions.
Invasive species control with apex predators: increasing presence of wolves is associated with reduced occurrence of the alien raccoon dog
Authors: Selonen V. , Brommer J. E. , Holopainen S. , Kauhala K. , Krüger H. , Poutanen J. , Väänänen V.-M. , Laaksonen T.
Published: July 2022

The role of an alien predator in the community depends on its interaction with native predators. The absence of apex predators may facilitate outbreaks of invasive mesopredators, but the effect of apex predators may vary between species and environments. We analysed the occurrence of a common invasive mesopredator in Europe, the raccoon dog (Nyctereutes procyonoides), and native mesopredators, the red fox and the Eurasian badger, in camera-trap data from Finland. The observations in cameras were analysed in relation to the presence of apex predators in the landscape (grey wolf and Eurasian lynx), human density, and habitat. We observed negative effect of increasing presence of wolves and lynxes on the occurrence of raccoon dogs. This effect appeared clear compared to the effects of habitat and human density. The effect of lynxes on raccoon dogs was clearer in areas with short growth season. For the occurrence of badgers, the presence of wolves had a weak negative effect and the presence of lynxes had a positive effect. For the occurrence of red foxes, wolves had a positive effect when agricultural fields were sparse in the landscape and lynxes had no effect. We also observed that the invasive raccoon dog currently appears to be the most common mesopredator within the study area. We conclude that the effect of apex predators on mesopredators depends on the environment and, in our case, was more suppressive on the alien mesopredator than on the native mesopredators. Thus, apex predators can play an important role in controlling invasive mesopredators.
Coping with uncertainty in everyday situations (CUES©) to address intolerance of uncertainty in autistic children: an intervention feasibility trial
Authors: Rodgers Jacqui , Goodwin Jane , Garland Deborah , Grahame Victoria , Isard Lucy , Kernohan Ashleigh , Labus Marie , Osborne Mr Malcolm , Parr Jeremy R , Rob Priyanka , Wright Catharine , Freeston Mark
Published: July 2022

Background

Anxiety related to uncertainty is common in autism. Coping with Uncertainty in Everyday Situations (CUES©) is a parent-mediated group intervention aiming to increase autistic children’s tolerance to uncertain situations. A pilot study was conducted to test its feasibility and acceptability.

Methods

Parents of 50 autistic children were randomised to receive CUES© or enhanced services as usual.

Results

All children met the clinical threshold for at least one anxiety disorder. Of the 26 participants randomised to CUES©, 72% attended 4–8 sessions. Parents and therapists reported they found CUES© useful and acceptable.

Conclusions

Families were willing to be recruited and randomised, the format/content was feasible to deliver, and the outcome measures were acceptable. CUES© should be evaluated in a clinical and cost effectiveness randomised controlled trial.
Enhancing carotenogenesis in terrestrial microalgae by UV-A light stress
Authors: Mutschlechner Mira , Walter Andreas , Colleselli Lucia , Griesbeck Christoph , Schöbel Harald
Published: July 2022

Carotenoids are among the most widely distributed pigments in nature with broad application options in pharmacology, cosmetics and food industries. For commercial-scale production using microalgae, however, it is crucial to find the best performing strains regarding growth and yields of the products of interest. As terrestrial microalgae present the ability to quickly adapt to changing or unfavorable environmental conditions through cell-specific defense mechanisms, they constitute highly promising candidates. The present study thus aimed to investigate the potential of five terrestrial microalgal strains to increasingly produce the carotenoids β-carotene, canthaxanthin and astaxanthin when being exposed to UV-A stress. Light stress experiments were performed using a novel irradiation system based on UV-LED technology. Microalgal cultures were treated with UV-A radiation to stimulate carotenogenesis and the time-dependent effects were investigated by high-performance liquid chromatography analysis. The potential of the microalgae to enhance de novo biosynthesis of the targeted metabolites under the influence of UV-A light could be confirmed by significantly increased yields of canthaxanthin in four out of five strains and by a significantly enhanced β-carotene concentration in at least one strain during 72 h of investigation. Overall, the results provided evidence that UV-A light stress can be effective in rapidly inducing carotenogenesis in terrestrial microalgae and thus harbors vast potential for further exploitation regarding large-scale carotenoid production.
Fractal water structures affected by softener agent in cotton cloths
Authors: Yagihara Shin , Saito Hironobu , Sugimoto Hironori , Kawaguchi Tsubasa , Fukuzaki Minoru , Igarashi Takako , Hoshi Masato , Nakamura Koichi
Published: July 2022

Broadband dielectric spectroscopy (BDS) measurements were performed on cotton cloth samples with softener agents in natural environments, and a recent analytical technique of fractal analysis refined in dielectric spectroscopy was used for water structures. Three relaxation processes observed in the GHz, MHz, and kHz regions were attributed to the dynamic behaviors of hydrogen-bonding networks (HBNs) of water and interacting molecules, hydrated polymer chains, and ions restricted in the interfaces of large structures. Fractal analysis of the GHz region suggested that the GHz frequency process was retained, even in the dry state, revealing a broad spatial distribution of HBN fragments of various sizes. This typical tendency for heterogeneous hydration in cotton cloth was emphasized by the addition of a softener agent, as the value of Cole–Cole’s relaxation time distribution parameter changed from 0.55 to 0.41. The addition of the softener agent still retained the GHz frequency process, even in the dry state. This result means that the softener inhibited the formation of hydration sites on the cellulose surface and induced the dispersion of hydration sites. Thus, HBNs are fragmented by the softener agent. On the other hand, water molecules still aggregate to retain HBNs in a restricted area. The heterogeneous dispersion of HBN fragments broadens the GHz relaxation process, and the lower-frequency tail overlaps with the lower relaxation process because of chain dynamics with interacting water molecules. The structure formed by these water molecules, which is restricted by polymer chains and related to the stiffening effect of cotton fabric, is also heterogeneously hindered by the appropriate concentration of the softening agent. These indications were also consistent with the T2 relaxation time obtained using the Carr–Purcell–Meiboom–Gill method of nuclear magnetic resonance measurements and are consequently reflected in the hydration model for macroscopic properties of cotton fabric.

Graphical abstract
Effects of world knowledge on the prediction of upcoming verbs: an eye-tracking study
Authors: Vela-Candelas Juan , Català Natàlia , Demestre Josep
Published: July 2022

Some theories of sentence processing make a distinction between two kinds of meaning: a linguistic meaning encoded at the lexicon (i.e., selectional restrictions), and an extralinguistic knowledge derived from our everyday experiences (i.e., world knowledge). According to such theories, the former meaning is privileged over the latter in terms of the time-course of its access and influence during on-line language comprehension. The present study aims to examine whether world knowledge anomalies (that do not violate selectional restrictions) are rapidly detected during online sentence processing. In an eye-tracking experiment, we used materials in which the likelihood of a specific verb (entrevistar or secuestrar, the Spanish translations for to interview and to kidnap) depended on the agent of the event (periodista or terrorista, the Spanish translations for journalist and terrorist). The results showed an effect of typicality in regression path duration and total reading times at both the verb region and the spillover region, thus providing evidence that world knowledge is rapidly accessed and used during on-line sentence comprehension.
Peer Educators in the Facilitation of Sexuality and Respectful Relationship Education for People with an Intellectual Disability: A Scoping Review and Narrative Synthesis
Authors: James Michelle H. , Porter Joanne E. , Kattel Sumitra , Prokopiv Valerie , Hopwood Peter
Published: July 2022

A scoping review was conducted to identify how peer-education models are being used in sexuality and respectful relationship education for people with a disability. The search was conducted in August 2021 using the Joanna Briggs framework to scope and map the literature and research activity. Using strict criteria, 7 online databases, grey literature and reference lists were searched for resources written or published in the last 15 years (2006–2021). Relevant sources were shortlisted and assessed by the two authors. Six sources met the criteria for inclusion in this review. In total, four educational programs are described and discussed. The results identify four sexuality and respectful relationship programs that met screening criteria: (1) “Telling it like it is!”, (2) “Sexual Lives and Respectful Relationships”, (3) “Talking about sex and relationships: the views of young people with learning disabilities”, and (4) “Health, Safety & Sexuality Training for You & Me”. Peer-educators experienced increased confidence and feelings of empowerment, while people without an intellectual disability reported a greater understanding of the challenges and experiences of people with a disability. The use of peer educators to deliver sexuality and respectful relationship education for people with intellectual disability is a promising education model with multiple potential benefits for participants. However, more research is needed to understand the consequences and limitations of such programs.
Effective Forchheimer Coefficient for Layered Porous Media
Authors: Lenci Alessandro , Zeighami Farhad , Di Federico Vittorio
Published: July 2022

Inertial flow in porous media, governed by the Forchheimer equation, is affected by domain heterogeneity at the field scale. We propose a method to derive formulae of the effective Forchheimer coefficient with application to a perfectly stratified medium. Consider uniform flow under a constant pressure gradient $$\Delta P/L$$

Δ
P
/
L

in a layered permeability field with a given probability distribution. The local Forchheimer coefficient $$\beta$$
β
is related to the local permeability k via the relation $$\beta =a/k^c$$

β
=
a
/

k
c

, where $$a>0$$

a
>
0

being a constant and $$c\in [0,2]$$

c
∈
[
0
,
2
]

. Under ergodicity, an effective value of $$\beta$$
β
is derived for flow (i) perpendicular and (ii) parallel to layers. Expressions for effective Forchheimer coefficient, $$\beta _e$$

β
e

, generalize previous formulations for discrete permeability variations. Closed-form $$\beta _e$$

β
e

expressions are derived for flow perpendicular to layers and under two limit cases, $$F\ll 1$$

F
≪
1

and $$F\gg 1$$

F
≫
1

, for flow parallel to layering, with F a Forchheimer number depending on the pressure gradient. For F of order unity, $$\beta _e$$

β
e

is obtained numerically: when realistic values of $$\Delta P/L$$

Δ
P
/
L

and a are adopted, $$\beta _e$$

β
e

approaches the results valid for the high Forchheimer approximation. Further, $$\beta _{e}$$

β
e

increases with heterogeneity, with values always larger than those it would take if the $$\beta - k$$

β
-
k

relationship was applied to the mean permeability; it increases (decreases) with increasing (decreasing) exponent c for flow perpendicular (parallel) to layers. $$\beta _{e}$$

β
e

is also moderately sensitive to the permeability distribution, and is larger for the gamma than for the lognormal distribution.
Mapping the research on the legacy of socialism, individual attitudes, and entrepreneurship: a bibliometric analysis and future research agenda
Authors: Nguyen Lanh Thi , Nguyen-Quoc Anh , Dung Bui Thi Kim
Published: July 2022

Studies on the interconnection between the legacy of socialism, individual attitudes, and entrepreneurship have increased considerably and have formed a new, dynamic, and rapidly growing field of research. However, the field remains largely unorganized and conflicting, making it challenging to take stock of the literature systematically. Our review explores the key trends, patterns, and internal knowledge structure of this emerging research stream. An innovative methodological approach that combines three bibliometric techniques (citation analysis, co-citation analysis, and co-occurrence analysis) and qualitative content analysis is applied. We identify the evolution, the most impactful journals, research, authors, and research contexts in the field. We also indicate the emergence of several academic conversations within the research stream and the critical arguments expressed in them. Research gaps and an agenda for further research are then discussed.
Characterization of the Immune Infiltration Landscape and Identification of Prognostic Biomarkers for Esophageal Cancer
Authors: Chen Yuanmei , Huang Xinyi , Chen Lin , Weng Guibin , Huang Zhengrong , Zhang Yangfan , Xiao Tianya , Chen Junqiang , Zhu Kunshou , Xu Yuanji
Published: July 2022

Immunotherapy is an effective treatment for esophageal cancer (ESCA) patients. However, there are no dependable markers for predicting prognosis and immunotherapy responses in ESCA. Our study aims to explore immune gene prognostic models and markers in ESCA as well as predictors for immunotherapy. The expression profiles of ESCA were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO), and International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC) databases. Cox regression analysis was performed to construct an immune gene prognostic model. ESCA was grouped into three immune cell infiltration (ICI) clusters by CIBERSORT algorithm. The immunotherapy response of patients in different ICI score clusters was also compared. The copy number variations, somatic mutations, and single nucleotide polymorphisms were analyzed. Enrichment analyses were also performed. An immune gene prognostic model was successfully constructed. The ICI score may be used as a predictor independent of tumor mutation burden. Enrichment analyses showed that the differentially expressed genes were mostly enriched in microvillus and the KRAS and IL6/JAK/STAT3 pathways. The top eight genes with the highest mutation frequencies in ESCA were identified and all related to the prognosis of ESCA patients. Our study established an effective immune gene prognostic model and identified markers for predicting the prognosis and immunotherapy response of ESCA patients.
Clinical course of Coronavirus Disease-19 in patients with haematological malignancies is characterized by a longer time to respiratory deterioration compared to non-haematological ones: results from a case–control study
Authors: Oliva A. , Curtolo A. , Volpicelli L. , Cancelli F. , Borrazzo C. , Cogliati Dezza F. , Marcelli G. , Gavaruzzi F. , Di Bari S. , Ricci P. , Turriziani O. , Mastroianni C. M. , Venditti M.
Published: July 2022

Background

We evaluated clinical features and risk factors for mortality in patients with haematological malignancies and COVID-19.

Methods

Retrospective, case–control (1:3) study in hospitalized patients with COVID-19. Cases were patients with haematological malignancies and COVID-19, controls had COVID-19 without haematological malignancies. Patients were matched for sex, age and time of hospitalization.

Results

Overall, 66 cases and 198 controls were included in the study. Cases had higher prior corticosteroid use, infection rates, thrombocytopenia and neutropenia and more likely received corticosteroids and antibiotics than controls. Cases had higher respiratory deterioration than controls (78.7% vs 65.5%, p = 0.04). Notably, 29% of cases developed respiratory worsening > 10 days after hospital admission, compared to only 5% in controls. Intensive Care Unit admission and mortality were higher in cases than in controls (27% vs 8%, p = 0.002, and 35% vs 10%, p < 0.001).

At multivariable analysis, having haematological malignancy [OR4.76, p < 0.001], chronic corticosteroid therapy [OR3.65, p = 0.004], prior infections [OR57.7, p = 0.006], thrombocytopenia [OR3.03, p < 0.001] and neutropenia [OR31.1, p = 0.001], low albumin levels [OR3.1, p = 0.001] and ≥ 10 days from hospital admission to respiratory worsening [OR3.3, p = 0.002] were independently associated with mortality.

In cases, neutropenia [OR3.1, p < 0.001], prior infections [OR7.7, p < 0.001], ≥ 10 days to respiratory worsening [OR4.1, p < 0.001], multiple myeloma [OR1.5, p = 0.044], the variation of the CT lung score during hospitalization [OR2.6, p = 0.006] and active treatment [OR 4.4, p < 0.001] all were associated with a worse outcome.

Conclusion

An underlying haematological malignancy was associated with a worse clinical outcome in COVID-19 patients. A prolonged clinical monitoring is needed, since respiratory worsening may occur later during hospitalization.
Integrative analysis of LncRNA-mRNA signature reveals a functional LincRNA in triple-negative breast cancer
Authors: Jia Yan , Jia Yongsheng , Shi Yehui , Zhao Weipeng , Martin Jérôme , Wang Xiaorui , Tong Zhongsheng , Song Yueshuai
Published: July 2022

Purpose

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive subtype of breast cancer. It is still unclear that the mechanisms by which long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) regulates tumorigenesis of TNBC. In this study, we explored the function and regulation of lncRNA in TNBC.

Methods

The differentially expressed and overlapped lncRNAs were obtained from two microarray datasets of breast cancer. The cancer genome atlas (TCGA) data was applied to validate the roles of top differentially expressed lncRNAs. The potential relationship among lncRNAs, miRNAs, and mRNAs and the effects of them on the TNBC tumorigenesis were further explored through multiple bioinformatic methods.

Results

Long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1351 (LINC01351) was first discovered to play an oncogenic role in TNBC. The highly expressed LINC01351 was significantly related to aggressive subtypes, advanced stages and metastasis of breast cancer. The overexpressed LINC01351 was associated with adverse prognosis of patients with TNBC. LINC01351 was found to negatively regulate ELK4 which was involved in the transcriptional regulation in cancer. The high expression of ELK4 showed favorable prognosis of patients with basal-like 1 subtype and luminal androgen receptor subtype of TNBC.

Conclusion

The dysregulation of LINC01351 played an important role in triple-negative breast cancer. LINC01351 could be a poor prognostic marker and a potential target for patients with TNBC.
Resource Recommendation Based on Industrial Knowledge Graph in Low-Resource Conditions
Authors: Liu Yangshengyan , Gu Fu , Gu Xinjian , Wu Yijie , Guo Jianfeng , Zhang Jin
Published: July 2022

Resource recommendation is extremely challenging under low-resource conditions because representation learning models require sufficient triplets for their training, and the presence of massive long-tail resources leads to data sparsity and cold-start problems. In this paper, an industrial knowledge graph is developed to integrate resources for manufacturing enterprises, and we further formulate long-tail recommendations as a few-shot relational learning problem of learning-to-recommend resources with few interactions under low-resource conditions. First, an industrial knowledge graph is constructed based on the predesigned resource schema. Second, we conduct schema-based reasoning on the schema to heuristically complete the knowledge graph. At last, we propose a multi-head attention-based meta relational learning model with schema-based reasoning to recommend long-tail resources under low-resource conditions. With the IN-Train setting, 5-shot experimental results on the NELL-One and Wiki-One datasets achieve average improvements of 28.8 and 13.3% respectively, compared with MetaR. Empirically, the attention mechanism with relation space translation learns the most important relations for fast convergence. The proposed graph-based platform specifies how to recommend resources using the industrial knowledge graph under low-resource conditions.