bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Improvement of Housing Law Terminology in the Legal Regulation of Apartment Block Management Operations
Authors:   Associate Professor of the Department of Civil Law and Procedure of the International Law Institute Associate Professor of the Department of Civil Law, Private International Law and Civil Procedure of the Russian University of Transport PhD (Law), Associate Professor, Taradonov Sergey V. , Ivanov Igor O. ,   Graduate Student of the International Law Institute
Published: December 2020

The article deals with the issues of legal regulation of management of apartment buildings in the Russian Federation, the existing shortcomings of housing legislation in the field of terminology that defines the interaction between objects and subjects of housing relations. The article substantiates recommendations and suggestions for introducing the necessary terms and definitions into the housing legislation in the sphere of management, maintenance and operation of apartment buildings as objects of common property of owners of premises.
The Limitation of Action in Respect of the Claim for Deeming a Proprietary Right to Be Absent
Authors:   Deputy Director for Research of the Law Institute of the South Ural State University (National Research University), PhD (Law), Podshivalov Tikhon P.
Published: December 2020

The article analyzes the jurisprudence regarding the decision on the applicability of the statute of limitations to the claim for recognition of property rights as absent. The resolution of the stated dilemma is built by identifying the characteristic features of the claim for recognition of property rights as absent. It is concluded that the statute of limitations does not apply to a claim recognizing property rights as absent, since this requirement is aimed at challenging the registered right to immovable things, and by virtue of Art. 195 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation, the statute of limitations applies only to claims based on a violation of the law, and not a dispute.
Mechanisms of Civil Rights Protection
Authors:   Judge of the Astrakhan Regional Court, PhD (Law), Associate Professor, Stepin Aleksandr B.
Published: December 2020

A comprehensive approach to the protection of civil rights allows us to consider this legal activity as a set of judicial and non-judicial private and public legal mechanisms. Based on the provisions of article 11 of the civil code, the basis of civil rights protection mechanisms is a continuing security relationship with the prospect of development (resolution) in the civil and (or) administrative-legal order. The General features of protection mechanisms are conflict management with the help of consistently implemented means and methods, filling the shortcomings of legal regulation, minimizing the risks of negative consequences, focus on the real (actual) restoration of the violated (disputed) rights. Differing officially established order (procedure) mechanisms of protection of civil rights, implemented regardless of the applicant’s chosen form of conflict resolution.
The Use of Piercing Corporate Veil Doctrine in the Russian Civil Law
Authors:   Legal Counsel at Fabrika Okon, Limited Liability Company, Myshyakov Sergey V.
Published: December 2020

The article analyzes the problems of application of the doctrine of “Piercing the corporate veil” in the Russian civil law. The article deals with the emergence and formation of the principle of limited liability and its relationship with this doctrine, analyzes the legal institutions that lead to the removal of the “corporate shield”.
Practical Issues of Correlation of the Corporate and Labor Law Basics in the Legal Regulation of Special Grounds for the Dismissal of a Head of an Organization
Authors:   Associate Professor of the Department of Entrepreneurial, Labor and Corporate Law of the Institute of Law and National Security of the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration (RANEPA), Partner at the MSS Legal Law Firm specializing in Labor Law, PhD (Law), Saurin Sergey A.
Published: December 2020

This article is devoted to the analysis of the proportionality of the restriction of the labor rights of a head of an organization through the possibility of his unmotivated dismissal, taking into account the approaches of labor and corporate law and the established judicial practice. The author considers the issue of the legality of courts’ assessment of the actual grounds for dismissal of a head of an organization when deciding whether the employer has an obligation to pay compensation, provided for in Article 279 of Russian Labor Code.
On Some Issues of Management in Peasant (Farm) Enterprises Established under Article 86.1 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation
Authors:   Senior Lecturer of the Department of Civil Law of the Saint-Petersburg State Agrarian University, Terentyev Aleksey V.
Published: December 2020

This article is devoted to the management of peasant (farmer) farms, established as a legal entity. The author of this article identifies a number of legal problems (legal conflicts) existing in the sphere under consideration. Based on the analysis of the current legislation of the Russian Federation, legal doctrine and judicial practice, the author concludes that there are no special legal norms directly regulating the management process (determining the structure of management bodies, their competence, etc.) in peasant (farm) farms established as a legal entity. After that, the author brings to the court of the legal scientific community a number of issues that require legislative resolution. In particular, the author raises the question of the principles on which management should be based in peasant (farmer) farms created as legal entities. What is the procedure for convening and holding General meetings in peasant (farmer) farms established in the order of Art. 86.1 of the Civil Code? Are being called into and other questions. Subsequently, the author attempts to formulate his own answers to these questions.
The Concept and Attributes of Social Services
Authors:   Lecturer of the Department of Civil Law of the Law Institute of the Irkutsk State University (ISU), Sinkevich Zhanna V.
Published: December 2020

Social entrepreneurship is a new direction in the field of civil law science. Its development is associated with the provision of social services by state institutions and private legal entities, individual entrepreneurs. The paper analyzes the issues of interaction of private and public principles in the framework of legal regulation of this sphere of legal relations by civil law and social security law. Social protection of citizens can be represented by small and medium-sized businesses. The article analyzes the social service as a type of civil service, the article presents its features. The service is provided by a social entrepreneur. The article draws conclusions about the development of legislation, about the requirements of new legal acts.
Efficiency of application of watersoluble fertilizers in various doses when growing table watermelon under the conditions of the Volgograd region
Authors: Koleboshina T. G. , Ryabchikova N. B.
Published: December 2020

Relevance. The article presents the results of studies to determine the effectiveness of the use of new types of water-soluble fertilizers in different doses. The obtained results will be used for the development of new agricultural practices and improvement of technologies for growing table watermelon. Materials and methods. The studies were carried out in the Volgograd Trans-Volga region at the Bykovskaya melon selection experimental station in 2018-2019. We studied the dose of water-soluble fertilizer on the quality of the watermelon table variety Triumph. Results. Studies have found that the use of water-soluble fertilizers has a positive effect on the yield and its structure. The advantage of using water-soluble fertilizer Hakafos with the content of nutrients in equal proportions dose of 900 g/100 l, yield 7.2-10.6% more compared to other studied water-soluble fertilizers with a similar dose and 44.7% more compared to pure control (without treatments). Evaluation of the results showed a positive effect of water-soluble fertilizers on the marketable qualities of watermelon fruits. In variants with the use of water-soluble fertilizers, the fruits are larger, 18.1-34.1% more compared to the control (without treatments), and 4.2-9.2% more yield of standard products. Studies have found that the use of water-soluble fertilizers do not have a negative impact on the quality and environmental purity of products, the amount of nitrates in the fruit does not exceed the maximum permissible values. The use of this agricultural technique in the technology of cultivation of table watermelon, as studies have shown, can significantly improve the economic performance of the production of this product.
Complex biochemical characteristics of broccoli and cauliflower
Authors: Fateev D. A. , Solovyeva A. E. , Shelenga T. V. , Artemyeva A. M.
Published: December 2020

Relevance.A commonly cultivated and demanded type of vegetable crops – cabbage Brassica oleracea L. – in the process of evolution and domestication was divided into three clusters: leafy cabbage, headed cabbage and broccoli (cauliflower). According to modern data, Broccoli was developed by hybridization from collard greens and is the genetic precursor to cauliflower. Broccoli andcauliflower have a valuable biochemical composition and are recommended for daily consumption.The characteristic of cultures of Brassica oleracea L. (broccoli and cauliflower) is given according tothe most important biochemical quality characteristics.Material and methods.The research material included 30 accessions of broccoli and 35 accessionsof cauliflower from the VIR collection, reflecting the ecological, geographical and genetic diversity.Accessions were grown at the research and production base "Pushkin and Pavlovsk LaboratoriesVIR" (St. Petersburg), biochemical analysis was carried out in the laboratory of biochemistry andmolecular biology VIR using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry.Results.The characterization of Brassica oleracea L. species (broccoli and cauliflower) is givenaccording to the main most important biochemical quality characteristics. As a result of using of themodern gas chromatography/mass spectrometry approach to the study of the biochemical composition in samples of broccoli and cauliflower, about 136 components have been identified from thegroups of organic acids, free amino acids, including essential, fatty acids, including essential, polyhydric alcohols, sugars, and also phenolic compounds, nucleosides, and others. Regularity in theaccumulation of nutrient and biologically active substances by cultures of Brassica oleracea L., bycultivar types and individual samples were revealed. As a result of our research using modern techniques new data on the biochemical composition of broccoli and cauliflower were obtained. B.oleracea within the studied botanical varieties and cultivar types has a complex biochemical compositionthat characterizes them as accessions with potentially high value, which confirms the need for indepth control of the biochemical composition of plants when breeding new varieties. Accessions withthe optimal component composition for balanced human nutrition, which are proposed to be used inbreeding for quality, including obtaining varieties for healthy (functional) and therapeutic and prophylactic nutrition of the population of the Russian Federation were found.
Factors affecting the development of Phytophthora infestans on a tomato in the open ground
Authors: Kondratyeva I. Yu. , Gurkina L. K.
Published: December 2020

Relevance and methods. For the Non-chernozem zone, the main factor for the active development of late blight is the low air temperature and its sharp fluctuations during the day, contributing to the formation of increased air humidity and drip-liquid moisture on the plants. In the Moscow region, the causative agent of late blight is manifested almost annually. Populations of Phytophthora infestans are represented by the To and T1 races. Epiphytotic development was observed periodically (1977-1979, 1982, 1986, 1996-1999, 2000, 2001, 2003-2004, 2008-2009, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2019) and was provided by the virulent T1 race. Observations showed that epiphytotic situations arose in those years when the minimum air temperature was below long-term average values, and relative humidity and precipitation exceeded them. With a deviation from the norm in the direction of increasing temperature, decreasing rainfall and relatively low humidity, years were observed with a depressive (1992, 1994) or moderate development of the disease (1980, 1981, 1983, 1985, 1987-1991, 2002, 2005-2007, 2010-2012, 2018). Results. As a result of breeding work, a Grot tomato-tolerant tomato variety was obtained, on the basis of which varieties with high resistance Grand, Dubok, Gnom, Chelnok, Patris, Geya, Zolushka, Perst, Severyanka, Blagodatny were obtained. In the general collection of VIR as a source resistance to leaf spot pathogens were registered: Geya (v.k. 14839), Slavyanka (v.k. 14840), Patrice (v.k. 14841), Rossiyanka (v.k. 14842), Krepysh (v.k. 14843), Sibiryachka (v.k. 14444) and line 1079-94 (v.k. 14845) donors, in addition to their high resistance to late blight, have excellent economic characteristics.
Cucumber resistance to downy mildew (Pseudoperonospora cubensis) in the Non-Black earth zone of the Russian Federation
Authors: Korottseva I. B.
Published: December 2020

Relevance.Currently, downy mildew of cucumber (peronosporosis) is the most harmful disease onthis crop in the open ground, has an epiphytotic character and causes significant damage to thecrop of greens.Material and methods.The research was carried out on selection and collection material of the laboratory of selection and seed production of pumpkin crops in the open and protected ground of theMoscow region. At least 300 collection and selection samples of cucumber were sown in the openand protected ground (Moscow region) every year, for phytopathological evaluation. Their defeatby downy mildew was taken into account on a 5-point scale.Results.Among the varieties of FSBSI FSVC selection, were less affected by this disease: Edinstvo,Electron 2, Vodoley, Vodopad, F1Debut, F1Krepish, F1Brunette, F1Frant, F1Krasotka and F1VNIISSOK 1. The most resistant to peronosporosis were Japanese varieties – Sadao rishu, Jibai, HiganFushinari, Tropical slicer and others. Some Polish hybrids – Aladyn (SKW 190), Heron (SKW 290)and Parys (SKW 390), also had increased resistance to downy mildew. It should be noted that thevarieties Jerelo and Geim from Ukraine; Dutch hybrids – F1Sequenza, F1Bejo 1612, F1Pontia,85/2292, F1Donia mix; from the United States – F1Calypso. In the selection for resistance todowny mildew you can to use varieties created in the Far East, the Crimean experimental breedingstation. As a result of the annual assessment of parent forms on a natural infectious background,samples with increased resistance to downy mildew were selected.
Total water consumption of cereals on the slopes of the Central District of Russia and zoned bioclimatic ratios
Authors: Dubenok N. N. , Kalinichenko R. V. , Klimakhina M. V. , Matsyganova E. V. , Shumakova K. B.
Published: December 2020

Relevance. In Russia the issue of resource-saving irrigation of agricultural land is one of the most urgent, and total water consumption is one of the most important elements of the water balance of irrigated territory. Analyze the basic methods of determining the total water consumption, determine the average daily water consumption, total water consumption and zonal bioclimatic ratios for oats, barley with planting perennial herbs and perennial herbs in the conditions of the Central Region of the Russian Federation. Materials and methods. The research was carried out on a stationary field experience in the Podolsk district of the Moscow District. To improve the individual elements of the water balance in these conditions were laid stationary water balancing sites (S=200 m2). The pre-21 thresholds for soil moisture was not less than 75%. The research was carried out in accordance with generally accepted methods and recommendations. Total water consumption during the growing season and in the phases of plant development was determined by the method of water balance. Results. The total water consumption of crops by elements of the slope varies significantly between the upper and lower elements of the slope difference is 12-15 mm, which should be taken into account when calculating irrigation regimes on sloped lands. At the top of the slope it is necessary to carry out 1-2 watering more than at the base of the slope. Differentiated watering along the length of the slope allows to save irrigation water by 10-15%. The water consumption of crops in the context of the experience was greater in April and September than in the other months of growing. This is due to climate indicators. Total evaporation from the soil and plant surfaces depends on soil moisture, crop condition, wind speed, temperature and humidity. In April and September, the study years showed elevated temperatures and low relative humidity. When comparing the average daily water consumption at irrigated areas at the top and at the base of the slope, it is seen that in all the months of vegetation it is more on the upper section by an average of 12%. Bioclimatic coefficients depend on humidity and air temperature. The zonal coefficients we have obtained allow us to determine the water consumption of crops, both in each growing season and in general for vegetation.
Characteristics of industrial cultivation and requirements to fresh cut flowers in the Russian Federation
Authors: Shchuklina O. A. , Voronchikhina I. N. , Alenicheva A. D. , Klimenkova I. N. , Voronchikhin V. V. , Zavgorodny S. V.
Published: December 2020

Relevance. The specifics of the fresh cut flowers market in the Russian Federation is such, that 85-100% of the total volume of flowers sold is imported. The most popular flowers among Russian consumers are roses (up to 60% in the total share of fresh flowers), chrysanthemums and carnations, all of which require certain growing conditions. Recently, the market of local seasonal flowers has begun to develop, the main players in which are small farms or household plots. Material and methods. This article presents the data about market analysis of fresh cut flowers in Russia for the last five years (2015-2020). For this analysis were used the methods applied in economics. The main information database of this research includes data from official state statistics; open data from analytical centers; federal and regional regulations; data from the Federal agency for technical regulation and Metrology; reference materials of specialized data on research field; data from industry-specific portals; sites; articles and reviews written by producers of fresh cut flowers in Russia and worldwide. Results. Russia is one of the top six importers of fresh cut flowers in the world. The most popular flower among Russian consumers is a rose. There is not much suitable soil and climatic conditions in Russia for growing it on a commercial scale in the open ground. In 2018-2019 according to Rosstat data the number of flowers, grown for cutting in Russia, was estimated 263,3 billion pieces. However, now Russian flower producers are not able to meet domestic demand for fresh flowers, so there is no almost export.
Phytosanitary standards and their impact on international trade in plant and agricultural products (problem statement)
Authors: Pogodina I. V. , Gusarov A. V.
Published: December 2020

Relevance and methods. he article examines the impact of phytosanitary standards on international trade in plant products. It is noted that it is complex in two ways: on the one hand, phytosanitary control protects against low-quality goods, non-native pests and diseases, on the other – negatively affects international trade, makes it difficult for small producers to enter the market, especially when it comes to developing countries. The study provides examples of Vietnam and Chile. Results. It is concluded that excessively strict phytosanitary regulations act more as a barrier than as a catalyst for trade. Moreover, there is a tendency to tighten requirements. The authors draw attention not only to the necessity, but also to the complexity of harmonization of phytosanitary standards.
Efficiency of application of silicon-containing fertilizers in low-volume cucumber growing technology Cyborg F1
Authors: Selivanova M. V. , Romanenko E. S. , Aysanov T. S. , Mironova E. A. , Esaulko N. A. , German M. S.
Published: December 2020

Relevance. Cucumber in the Russian Federation in protected ground in terms of growing areas and production volume is the first, its share in the total production of greenhouse products in recent years accounts for about 50-55%. Scientific research confirms the positive effect of silicon-containing agrochemicals on the intensity of metabolic processes in the plant body, which is manifested in increasing the yield of commercial products, resistance to adverse environmental factors, and the realization of the biological potential of crops. Methods. The aim of the research is to evaluate the effect of silicon – containing fertilizers on the productivity of Cyborg F1 cucumber in low-volume cultivation technology. The research was conducted in the winter-spring period of 2020 in the conditions of a winter glazed greenhouse of the greenhouse complex of the Stavropol state agrarian university. The objects of research were cucumber Cyborg F1, fertilizers Kelik Potassium Silicon, Siliplant, Forris, Bio Silicium. Fertilizers were applied to foliar top dressing three times during the cucumber growing season. All microclimate conditions in the greenhouse were regulated automatically using the Sercom climate program. Mineral wool was used as a substrate. Results. Fertilizing with silicon – containing fertilizers increased the degree of assimilation of nutrients by plants of cucumber Cyborg F1: the nitrogen content in the drainage solution decreased by 6-26 mg/l, phosphorus – by 4-8 mg/l, and potassium-by 18-34 mg/l. The use of silicon-containing fertilizers contributed to an increase in the area of cucumber leaves compared to the control by 1.6-3.1%, the yield of standard products-by 3.7-8.1%, yield-by 0.9-2.5 kg/m2, and a decrease in the degree of ovary death – by 2.0-3.5%. When using silicon-containing fertilizers, the quality of cucumber products improved. Thus, in the conditions of the sixth light zone, to increase the yield of Cyborg F1 cucumber in low-volume cultivation technology, it is recommended to use silicon-containing fertilizers Siliplant and Forris, which provides an increase relative to the control of 7.4 and 9.2%, respectively.
Main problems of Far Eastern vegetable growing
Authors: Sakara N. A. , Soldatenko A. V. , Pivovarov V. F. , Sukhomirov G. I. , Tarasova T. S. , Oznobikhin V. I.
Published: December 2020

For the Russian Far East (RDV), the subjects are calculated self-sufficiency of vegetable products and its connection with the population. A close correlation between these indicators has ignore once. In order to stabilize the population and consolidate it, it is necessary to increase dramatically the production of vegetables. There are a number of prerequisites for this: a network of research agricultural institutions throughout the territory and a specialized 1Primorskaya vegetable experimental station – branch of the Federal scientific vegetable center in the south of the region, has established. Its employees have clarified the basics of Far Eastern vegetable farming (principles of selecting sites for vegetable plantations and pre-intensive cultivation of their soils, reclamation of the territory; experimentally tested and recommended specialized crop rotations, their effective links; refined fertilizer system; system of resource-saving treatment of soils on the basis of crest-ridge cultivation technology), a number of promising varieties of vegetables "borscht" group, established their seed production, solved many issues of mechanization for cultivation processes. Significantly, important areas of further work were planned.
The possibility of using of an aqueous extract from stevia (Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni) leaves as a biostimulant of plant growth in photoculture
Authors: Sinyavina N. G. , Kochetov A. A. , Egorova K. V. , Vertebny V. E. , Khomyakov Yu. V.
Published: December 2020

Relevance. Plant growth biostimulants based on natural raw materials are ecologically safe and harmless to humans. Stevia (Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni) contains in its leaves sweet diterpene steviol glycosides, which are similar in structure and properties to gibberellins, as well as a number of other valuable biologically active compounds. Water extracts from stevia leaves are capable to accelerate growth, to increase the yield and quality of plants. However, further study and development of application technologies of the extracts for specific crops and different growing conditions are required. The purpouse of this work is to investigate the effect of an aqueous extract from stevia leaves on the yield and quality of lettuce and small radish under photoculture conditions. Materials and methods. The objects of the study were lettuce var. Typhoon and small radish var. Riesenbutter. The plants were grown in photoculture at the biopolygon of the FSBSI Agrophysical Research Institute (St. Petersburg) at an illumination of 10–20 klx, a temperature of 22–26°С (day) and 18–20°С (night). Watering was carried out with water, top-dressing was carried out with Knop's nutrient solution three times a week. Peat with mineral additives was used as a substrate. The original extract was prepared by extraction from stevia dry leaves powder with hot water (80°С) in a ratio of 1 g of leaves: 100 ml of water. Foliar treatment of plants was carried out twice at dilution of the original extract from stevia leaves 1:10, 1:50, and 1:100 (extract : water) at the rate of 0.20-0.25 ml / lettuce plant and 0.09-0.1 ml / radish plant; control plants were treated with water. The data were processed according to standard procedures using the Excel 2016 software. Results. Foliar treatment with an extract from stevia leaves did not significantly affect the size and weight of radish root crops, but increased the yield due to a decrease in the number of bolting plants. A significant decrease of bolting was observed in all treatment options (by 34-51%). When using a dilution of 1: 100, the yield of marketable root crops increased by 20% and the yield per sq. m. – by 25%. Foliar treatment with stevia extracts increased the mass of lettuce plants, as well as their biological value. The content of photosynthetic pigments, sugars, and vitamin C significantly increased, and a tendency towards a decrease in the content of nitrates was observed. According to data, we recommend for foliar treatment are dilutions of the original extract 1:50 and 1: 100. The effect of using of an extract from stevia leaves is similar in action to some biostimulants from plants with hormone-like properties, which determines the possibility of using it as a safe plant growth stimulant.
Conformational variability of DNA double helix
Authors: Chesnokov Yu. V.
Published: December 2020

Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is one of the main carriers of hereditary information. The structural physicochemical information of DNA ultimately determines the structure and functioning of all living organisms. In DNA, various mutational events accumulate and recombination events occur, which lead to the variability of organisms and are subject to both natural and artificial selection. The interaction "genotype-environment" inherent in all living organisms is also characteristic of DNA, which is located in the intracellular and intranuclear physicochemical environment of water molecules, sugars, metal ions, pH, nucleotides and other components. The establishment and study of the physicochemical properties of native DNA contributes to not only understanding the mechanisms of the structure of the main hereditary biomolecule, but also to clarify their functioning, as well as interaction with other molecules at the molecular level. The discovery of various forms of double helices: A, Aʹ, B, α-Bʹ, β-Bʹ, C, Cʹ, Cʹʹ, D, E and Z suggests the idea of molecular genetic diversity existing at the DNA level and the establishment of their structural and functional features can lead to an understanding of the implementation of genetic information at the general biological level. The structure of natural DNA as a whole, apparently, does not depend on the sequence and nucleotide composition. For natural molecules - satellite DNA with repeats or DNA without repeats, the presence of only A-, B- and C-forms has been confirmed. The structure of DNA depends not only on temperature, but also on the nature of the cations present. The presence of a certain amount of metal ions in the medium can lead to the transition of the B-form of DNA to the Zform. The B ↔ Z transition modifies the general structure of DNA and, therefore, may be important for the regulation of gene expression. The study of the biological role of Z-DNA, possibly in the near future, will help to understand the mechanism of gene expression, primarily of an epigenetic nature, which has not yet been fully elucidated.
Japanese cabbage: features of morphological and biochemical parameters of a promising sample
Authors: Bondareva L. L. , Mineykina A. I. , Paslova T. O. , Molchanova A. V. , Paslova N. O.
Published: December 2020

Relevance. New types of vegetable crops, previously unknown on a large scale, appear on the market. Japanese cabbage (Brassica rapa L. subsp. nipposinica (L. H. Bailey) Hanelt) is one of such crops for the middle zone of the Russian Federation. Due to the high content of vitamin C and microelements, Japanese cabbage can be classified as a rational balanced diet, including dietary one, and it can also be used as a raw material for the medical industry. Methods. The study of a promising sample of Japanese cabbage selection at the Federal Research Vegetable Center consisted in phenological observation of the stages of plant growth and development, morphological study of economically valuable traits, and biochemical analyzes of the content of ascorbic acid, dry matter and photosynthetic pigments. Results. The results of observations made it possible to establish the timing of the onset of phenological phases in Japanese cabbage plants and showed that the active formation of leaf mass in plants occurs 20 days after planting the seedlings. A close direct relationship was established between the duration of economic shelf life and the number of leaves in a plant (R = 0.95) and the length of the leaf plate (R=0.92). In the conducted biochemical studies, it was revealed that the content of ascorbic acid in the promising sample is 37.84±0.88 mg%, and the dry matter is in the range of 11.3±0.42%. The content of antioxidants in terms of HA and AA is within 5.72±0.72 and 19.5±2.46 mg/g, respectively. The study of the morphological characteristics and biological characteristics of Japanese cabbage plants contribute to the maximum use of the potential of vegetable crops in the conditions of the Moscow region.
Development of the HybProb molecular marker for the L4 allele for marker-assisted selection of sweet pepper Capsicum spp. on the real-time PCR platform
Authors: Gavrish S. F. , Budylin M. V. , Verba V. M.
Published: December 2020

Relevance.One of the conditions for creating a modern high-tech hybrid of sweet pepper is thepresence of resistance to the Pepper mild mottle virus (PMMoV). This virus belongs to the genusTobamovirus. This virus can spread through seeds, causing enormous damage to the sweet pepper crop. The main method of controlling of virus is the cultivation of F1hybrids of pepper withgenetic resistance. To date, the L4gene is able to confer resistance to all known strains of thisvirus. However, there is still no reliable marker system that could be integrated into the MAS.Methods.Based on data from the NCBI, we generated a molecular diagnostic system based onhybridization probes. Validation was performed on seven pepper accessions from the world'sgermplasm banks. After validation, the new marker was successfully tested on 2540 plants of F2and F3generation.Results.Using the experimental marker system Fret4, we tested 7 reference samples of peppergermplasm with full correspondence of the melt peaks to the declared alleles of the L gene(L0/L1/L3/L4). Then, using a marker system, MAS was carried out on 10 populations of an number of10 thousand plants to identify the L4allele. As a result, we were able to create a highly accurateand cost-effective marker system for the most important pepper resistance gene. This marker system based on hybridization probes is easily integrated into the MAS, allowing fast and reliabledetermination of the L4allele state in sweet pepper breeding to Tobamovirus.
The phenological observations as the basis for the formation of the database of phenological spectrums of woody plants
Authors: Emelyanova O. Yu. , Tsoy М. F. , Masalova L. I.
Published: December 2020

Relevance.A study of the seasonal (phenological) phenomena and natural connections betweenthem on the background of the relevant environmental conditions is of great scientific and practical interest. Knowledge of the dynamics of the seasonal development of woody plants helps in theselection of species and their assessment from an aesthetic and sanitary points of view, as well asin the development and implementation of measures to increase the sustainability of urban greenspaces.Materials and methods.The purpose of these studies is to create a database of the dynamics ofseasonal development of North American woody plants based on the results of many years of phenological monitoring (2003-2017). The 20 species and forms of North American woody introducers e of the VNIISPK arboretum genetic collection were the objects.Results.It was revealed that the growing season of woody North American plants corresponds tothe climatic conditions of the forest-steppe zone of central Russia. The species with the earliestbeginning of the growing season (the third decade of March) were distinguished. There wereMahonia pinnata, M. aquifolia, Betula lenta and B. lutea. On the basis of phenological calendars,phenological spectrums have been constructed. These consist of three lines (the development ofleaves, shoots, flowers and fruits) with the corresponding color symbols. It has been revealed thatphenospectrums vary depending on the conditions of the year. As a result, the database of 20species and forms of North American woody plants was formed in the form of phenological spectrums against the background of registration of weather conditions in the forest-steppe zone ofRussia. The database includes three options for the possible dynamics of the seasonal development of introduced North American plants. The created database allows observing, comparing,evaluating and forecasting changes in the seasonal rhythm of the studied species of introducedNorth American plants.
Commodity and consumer qualities of fruits of plum cultivars from the RRIFCB (VNIISPK) gene pool
Authors: Gulyaeva A. A. , Berlova T. N. , Bezlepkina E. V. , Galkova A. A. , Efremov I. N.
Published: December 2020

Relevance. One of the most important directions in the breeding and variety study of fruits, in particular domestic plum European, is the breeding of cultivars with high commercial and consumer qualities of fruits. In this regard, the assessment of some commercial and consumer qualities of fruits in plum cultivars of the RRIFCB gene pool was of great practical and scientific interest. Material and methods. As objects of research, we used 8 plum cultivars of the RRIFCB gene pool and a control cultivar of the RRIFCB breeding Bolkhovchanka. The studies were carried out on the basis of the laboratory of breeding and variety study of stone fruit crops of RRIFCB in 2015-2019. Determination of color, shape, average weight, taste, size of fruit, size and shape of the stone, density of pulp, separation and length of the stalk, color of the juice were carried out in accordance with the "Program and methodology for the variety study of stone fruit crops" and "Pomology". Results. Most of the studied plum cultivars from the gene pool of the Russian Research Institute for Fruit Crops Breeding have valuable commercial and consumer qualities of fruits, which will allow them to be used in further breeding for this trait. Cultivars Californiyskaya krupnaya, Zarechnaya rannyaya, Volgogradskaya can be recommended for further use in breeding as sources of high fruit mass. Cultivars Californiyskaya krupnaya and Bolkhovchanka can be recommended for further use in breeding as sources of high pulp content in fruits and fruit sizes. On the basis of the tasting assessment of the fresh fruits, the fruits of the cultivar Volgogradskaya stood out positively.
Productivity of early table grape varieties in conditions of the seaside zone of Dagestan
Authors: Magomedova A. G. , Karaev M. K.
Published: December 2020

Relevance and methods. The purpose of the research is an agrobiological assessment of introduced grape varieties of early ripening in the conditions of the Central seaside zone of Dagestan. The tasks of the study are to establish the timing of maturation of the studied varieties in the conditions of the Central seaside zone of Dagestan; to study agrobiological indicators of the studied varieties and to give an economic assessment; On the basis of the data obtained, to establish the degree of adaptability and prospects of the studied classes under these conditions. The objects of research were new introduced table grape varieties of early and early maturation period Augustine, Arcadia, Talisman, Attica, Kishmish luchisty. Results. The studies found that the introduced varieties of Arcadia, Attica, Talisman, Kishmish luchisty in the main agrobiological indicators surpass the Augustine variety widespread in this zone. According to the weight of the bunch, the varieties are distributed as follows: Kishmish luchisty – 724.5 g, Talisman – 676 g, Attica – 655.8 g, Arkadia – 514 g and Augustine (control) – 486 g. All varieties included in the experiment were more productive than control. The highest crop was provided by the variety Talisman – 28 t/ha. In second place is the Attica – 24.4 t/ha variety. Kishmish luchisty, despite the large mass of the bunch, provided a harvest of 22.6 t/ha. Arkadya variety in yield has close values to control – 18.2 t/ha. According to the adaptive index, the varieties were distributed as follows: Arcadia, Attica, Augustine and Talisman, with an adaptive coefficient of 0.71-0.85, are promising, and Kishmish luchisty with an adaptive coefficient of 0.69 is quite promising.
Branching of annual apple seedlings of medium-sized varieties with the influence of agrotechnical methods
Authors: Krasova N. G. , Koroliov E. Yu. , Galasheva A. M.
Published: December 2020

Relevance. The basis for obtaining a large crop volume and its high level of precocity is the use of Apple planting material that fully meets modern standards of intensive gardening. The main purpose of these studies was to study methods of branching stimulation and determine their effectiveness in obtaining branched apple seedlings at the age of one year. Material and methods. The use of non-root treatments and fertilizers as regulators and growth stimulators of apple seedlings does not lead to a significant increase in the number of side branches. Significant growth of the crown of annual seedlings occurs when using mechanical methods to stimulate the growth of side branches. The use of such an agrotechnical technique as a single plucking made it possible to obtain 1-2.6 side branches on different orts. When using this method, but with the simultaneous removal of 3-4 leaf plates, it increased the production of side branches by 1.6-3.7 pieces. One of the most unresponsive to the use of agricultural techniques was the variety "Svezhest". Results. It is effective to apply to annual apple seedlings agrotechnical methods of stimulation of lateral branching by plucking with simultaneous removal of leaf plates in the amount of three to four pieces. These measures must be carried out before reaching the height of the seedling from seventy to eighty centimeters. It should be noted that the use of plucking only, without removing the leaf plates, does not give such an effect.
Outcomes of surgical practice on tubo-ovarian abscess in an academic hospital
Authors: SEZGİN Burak , AKIN Melike Nur , KASAP Burcu
Published: December 2020

Objectives: We aimed to analyseour experience in the surgical management of tubo-ovarian abscess at a tertiary hospital.
Methods: Data from patients who underwent laparoscopy or laparotomyfor treatment of tubo-ovarian abscess were retrospectively analyzed. The clinical and surgical outcomes of patients with tubo-ovarian abscess were compared according to the applied surgical approach.
Results: The mean largest diameter of the abscess in the laparoscopy and laparotomy groups were similar (p = 0.520). The mean day for total antibiotic use was significantly shorter in the laparoscopy group (10.00 ± 4.37 day vs 17.91 ± 6.59 day; p = 0.002). All cases in the laparotomy group needed to change the antibiotic regimen, but it was needed only in 28.58% of patients in the laparoscopy group. However, preoperative fever and pulse rate was significantly higher in laparotomy group than in the laparoscopy group (p = 0.004, p = 0.014; respectively). There was no statistical difference in terms of applied surgical procedure betweenthetwo groups. The most applied surgical procedure was abscess drainage in both of the groups (71.42%, 90.90%; respectively). The median operation time in patients with laparoscopy was statistically shorter than in patients with laparotomy (65.50 [58-93] minutes vs 84 [74-90] minutes, p = 0.048). In comparison of postoperative complications between two groups, there was no statistically significant difference. We observed statistically significant declination in white blood cell count and C-reactive protein values at the postoperative 7th day in all patients (p < 0.001 and p < 0.001, respectively).
Conclusions: In terms of surgical approach for tubo-ovarian abscess, laparoscopy is more effective than laparotomy for shorter duration of postoperative antibiotic use, operation time and length of hospital stay.
Determination of the Polymorphism of the Booroola Fecundity B, Callipyge and Calpastatin Genes in Assaf Sheep Breed by PCR-RFLP Method
Authors: Darissa Omar M. , Irekat Raeda
Published: December 2020

Background: The development of local sheep breeds that have high fecundity levels, high meat content and high growth rates would help satisfy the Palestinian demand of meat and lower its price. It has been reported that mutant alleles of the genes Booroola fecundity (FecB), Callipyge (CLPG) and calpastatin (CAST) are associated with high litter size, larger muscular rumps and higher tenderness of meat after sheep slaughter, respectively. PCR-RFLPs methods have been established to facilitate the survey of sheep breeds for such mutants. Methods: In this study, 117 blood samples of the most common sheep breed in Palestine, Assaf, were collected from Bethlehem and Jenin districts. Genomic DNA was extracted and purified from the blood samples using the salting out method. The genotypic ratios and allelic frequencies of the FecB, CLPG and CAST genes were determined by PCR-RFLP method. Result: The results show that the mutant allele B of the FecB gene has a very low frequency among the screened sheep with 0.01 in Bethlehem and 0.07 in Jenin. Also, 94.4% of the tested sheep have the wildtype genotype AA for the CLPG gene with a frequency of 0.95 for allel A. Moreover, the desired heterzygous genotype MN for the CAST gene is 38.4% with an allelic frequency of 0.81 for the mutant allel M. These results would assist establishing sheep breeding programs with the appropriate parental genotypes to improve the livestock sector in the country.
Potential of Biochar for Minesoil Amendment and Floristic Diversity Enhancement at the Yongwa Quarry Site in the Eastern Region of Ghana
Authors: Adusu D. , Abugre S. , Dei-Kusi D.
Published: December 2020

Background: Reclamation of degraded and mined lands has become paramount due to exploitation of our resources. The study sought to explore the potential of biochar for amending degraded mined soil and stockpiled topsoil and its ability to enhance plant diversity at the Yongwa quarry site in the eastern region of Ghana. Method: Two separate experiments were conducted using a randomized complete block design (RCBD). Four treatments were allotted randomly within each block for stockpiled topsoil and amended degraded mined soil experiments and replicated three times. Biochar and poultry manure were applied at 0.002 tons per every 2 m x 2 m plot. However, when applied in combination (biochar and poultry manure), they were applied at 0.001 tons of biochar and 0.001 tons of poultry manure per every 2 m x 2 m plot. Result: The results of the study revealed a generally higher nutrient status and species diversity on the plots with amended soils compared to the control. The highest Shannon index (2.04) was recorded on the combined biochar and poultry manure-amended plots while the lowest was recorded on the control plot (1.08). A similar trend was observed on the degraded mined soil amended plots with the combined biochar and poultry manure-amended soil recording the highest Shannon index (2.32) and effective number of species values (10.15) compared to the other amendment plots.
Callus Production Protocol for Aegle marmelos (L.) Corr.: As a Tool for Extraction of Secondary Metabolites
Authors: Fonseka D.L.C.K. , Aluthgamage H.N.
Published: December 2020

Background: Aegle marmelos (L.) Corr. is an important medicinal and a fruit tree belongs to the family Rutaceae possessing numerous valuable secondary metabolites. The growing commercial importance for secondary metabolites has led to a great demand in the pharmaceutical industry in recent years. Therefore, an efficient callus production protocol was developed as a tool for extracting valuable secondary metabolites from Aegle marmelos. Methods: For seeds, callus induction was observed under three conditions as with seed coat, after removing seed coat and split into two halves after removing seed coat. For callus multiplication, 1cm2 pieces of initiated calli were used. These explants were established in MS medium supplemented with combinations of 2, 4 D either with BAP or Kinetin. All experiments were arranged according to the completely randomized design (CRD) with 20 replicates at the Tissue Culture Laboratory, Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Ruhuna, Sri Lanka, for a period of 1 year. Percentage of fungal and bacterial contaminations and percentage of bleached explants were observed to select the best explant/s. Percentage of responded explants were observed to select the best condition for callus induction and quality of callus. Growth of callus was observed visually by giving a score. Best hormonal combination for callus multiplication was observed as fresh weight and dry weight of callus produced under each treatment. Result: High quality callus with higher growth was observed in all combinations of BAP and 2, 4 D tested: ranging from 0.5 mgL-1 to 1.5 mgL-1 BAP and 1.0 mgL-1 to 2.0 mgL-1 2,4 D in Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium. Initiated calli were further multiplied in MS medium supplemented with 2,4 D combined with either BAP or Kinetin. Highest amount of callus biomass was recorded in the MS medium with 0.5 mgL-1 2, 4 D and 1.0 mgL-1 Kinetin (132.58 gL-1 fresh weight). The optimized protocol could be used to produce higher amount of callus in order to extract secondary metabolites from Aegle marmelos (L).