bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Idea et disegno : les projets de Cellini pour le sceau de l’Académie
Authors: Trottein Gwendolyn
Published: February 2020

The series of projects sketched and commented by the goldsmith-sculptor Benvenuto Cellini for the seal of the newly formed Accademia del disegno in Florence (1563) constitutes a curious milestone in the history of Idea in art. Artemis of Ephesus as the idea della natura, the nurturing goddess of disegno, figures on several of these drawings before giving way to her brother the sungod Apollo, described also as a god of nature and disegno, but of a disegno more rivalrous than foundational, and defined textually as of two types: idea in the artist’s mind or drawing with lines. But rather than succumbing to the growing tendency of the century to prize either of these aspects of disegno over the fully executed work of art, Cellini’s seals, despite the circumstances of their genesis and their esoterism, as several passages in the artist’s autobiography and technical treatises also attest, aim at affirming the overriding importance of art, especially figural sculpture, as tangible aesthetic object.
L’humour comme combinaison des contradictions. Une approche esthétique
Authors: Uzel Jean-Philippe
Published: February 2020

This essay aims to establish that humour is not simply a style or an artistic genre among others, but is, rather, a core philosophical concept that permeates reflections on art from the end of the eighteenth century to the present day. Romantic philosophers were the first to contend that humour marked a new reign of artistic subjectivity. Indeed, the philosophical aesthetics of Jean Paul (Johann Paul Friedrich Richter) and Hegel award humour a paramount role in the aesthetic revolution of the time. Whether they revel in it (Jean Paul) or deplore it (Hegel), they are the first to bring to light the observation that humour allows contradictory realities to coexist without friction and within a single artistic proposition. It is precisely this idea that reappears, roughly a century later, in the techniques of Dadaist assemblage, in which Marcel Duchamp saw a manifestation of the “co-intelligence of the opposites.” Recent writings by Jacques Rancière support the view that Schiller, Schelling, Hegel, among others, were the first philosophers to propose a new form of identification and of perception of art. This “aesthetic regime of art” was no longer based on the laws of mimetic representation, but rather on “the mixing of heterogeneous elements.” Building on this theoretical framework, this essay demonstrates that Rancière nevertheless overlooks the key function that humour plays in romantic aesthetics and for the historical avant-gardes.
Networks of Corruption: The Aesthetics of Mark Lombardi’s Relational Diagrams
Authors: Zdebik Jakub
Published: February 2020

Les oeuvres de Mark Lombardi représentent des réseaux clandestins de pouvoir sous la forme de diagrammes. Ses dessins sont en quelque sorte des cartes qui retracent, avec l’aide de courbes, de traits et de cercles, la façon dont les corporations réussissent à soustraire à la vue du public d’importantes sommes d’argent et, par la même opération, contribuent à consolider le pouvoir des chefs d’entreprise aussi bien que des politiciens. Lombardi est ici comparé à Hans Haacke, Josh On et Bureau d’études, trois artistes dont l’oeuvre consiste aussi à construire des diagrammes dans le but de mettre à jour la corruption par ce type de représentation visuelle. S’inspirant des théories de Susan Buck-Morss, qui retrace la genèse de la visualisation des rapports économiques au dix-huitième siècle, cet article se penche sur les stratégies adoptées pour rendre visibles les rapports incorporels que tissent les diagrammes et les schémas économiques. De plus, en rapprochant le concept de rhizome—que Gilles Deleuze et Félix Guattari associent à la décalcomanie et à la cartographie—du concept de diagramme, tel qu’expliqué dans Foucault, l’article accorde une attention à l’aspect esthétique de l’organisation de données. C’est cette double analyse de Buck-Morss et de Deleuze et Guattari qui va effectivement permettre de démontrer l’aspect dynamique et virtuel des trajectoires que Lombardi trace sur la feuille pour dévoiler les réseaux de pouvoirs corrompus.
Vers une esthétique environnementale ? Regards sur un colloque
Authors: Blanc Nathalie
Published: February 2020

The Esthétique environnementale network emerged in France in 2007, produced by the intersection and complementarity of certain evolving thematic matrices: the mobilization of the public, nature and the urban landscape, and artistic creation. This network has grown since 2004 out of the original research centres of its developers, the UMR LADYSS (Nathalie Blanc) and the UMR PACTE (Jacques Lolive). Through their joint action, an issue of the journal Cosmopolitiques, “Aimons la ville,” was produced (Éditions de l’Aube, 2004), three research seminars were presented (2006) with a joint publication as a result, and a research project was conducted through the MEDD program, “Paysage et développement durable.” Finally, an international conference entitled Environnement, engagement esthétique et espace public was held in Paris in 2007. More than a hundred internationally known participants were gathered at the conference, allowing the formation of a network of researchers interested in this multi-faceted thematic (ambiences, landscapes, environmental aesthetics, ethics, ecological art, etc.). A publication followed the conference (2010). While acknowledging that the field of environmental aesthetics is still young, this article includes a report of the conference and its principal contributions.
Ecology and the Ethics and Aesthetics of Collaboration: The Case of Nine Mile Run
Authors: Senechal Carney Lora
Published: February 2020

Les artistes collaborant avec le public et/ou les professionnels issus de divers domains, dont l’écologie, rencontrent et reformulent le cas échéant les valeurs fondamentales qui sous-tendent le contexte social et politique de projets tels que la réhabilitation du cours d’eau Nine Mile Run menée à Pittsburgh de 1996 à 1999. Les récents débats critiques suscités par l’art collaboratif ont permis à de nouveaux modèles théoriques de se développer, non seulement pour définir ces projets dans le contexte général de la pratique de l’art, mais aussi pour identifier quels sont les critères éthiques et esthétiques peuvant maximiser leur potentiel. Plusieurs des acteurs clés de ce débat sont partis des concepts d’intersubjectivité mis en avant dans les écrits de Félix Guattari, Jacques Rancière et d’autres en proposant de dépasser les oppositions simplistes entre la subjectivité individuelle et la collectivité afin d’aller vers une « politique du sujet » plus productive, pour reprendre les termes de l’écrivain et conservateur Okwui Enwezor. Le commissaire d’expositions Stephen Wright propose un cadre théorique de réflexion particulièrement efficace pour les projets collaboratifs qui, à l’instar du projet Nine Mile Run Greenway, ne se concrétisent pas sous la forme d’« art » visible. Cet article est suivi d’un texte dans lequel l’artiste Tim Collins discute d’un autre projet plus important qu’il a dirigé à Pittsburgh directement après le projet Nine Mile Run auquel il avait collaboré.
3 Rivers 2nd Nature, 2000–2005: Water, Land & Dialogue
Authors: Collins Timothy
Published: February 2020

3 Rivers 2nd Nature était un projet conçu et mené durant cinq ans par un artiste et qui consistait à examiner la forme, la fonction et les valeurs esthétiques sous-tendant la signification de la nature dans le comté d’Allegheny dont Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania est le centre. Il avait pour objectif de susciter dans le public un nouveau paradigme d’appropriation et de préoccupation envers l’infrastructure verte des zones urbaines. Le projet était axé sur les écologies mouvantes des fronts de mer et des vallées sillonnées de cours d’eau dans les zones postindustrielles. Passant en revue la théorie et la méthode sur lesquelles s’appuie ce projet, l’article explique la façon dont des interventions pratiques sur l’eau et le territoire s’insèrent dans un dialogue culturel qui est à la fois local et international. La conclusion décrit l’impact réel du projet. Présentée en relation avec la communication de Lora Senechal Carney sur le projet Nine Mile Run, cette analyse d’une approche de la recherche guidée par la pratique est questionnée en tenant aussi bien compte de la distance critique que de la proximité critique. Lorsque l’oeuvre fait l’objet d’un tel examen, on aboutit à une situation idéale.
The Influence of Anxiety: A Study of the Postcolonial Memory and its Influence on the Indian Postcolonial Research
Authors: Das Rituparna
Published: February 2020

My paper, is the compilation of the research findings obtained from interviews taken of various Postcolonial scholars. It spans the three generations of Postcolonial scholars including myself. It involves the study of two kinds of memory: firstly, the acquired memory or the memories that these scholars have, either from their own first hand experiences or from the information they had received from their forefathers who had the direct experience of this colonial past; secondly the collective formative memory or the memories they formed as a postcolonial nation from their school books, popular culture, film, theatre and literature. My paper aims to trace as to what extent, if at all, the effect of such colonial hangover has an impact on their research works. My paper would primarily be addressing the issue of the influence of colonial memory from three perspectives: the impact and result on the first generation Postcolonial scholars who grew up just at the brink of Indian independence; the impact and result on the second generation Postcolonial scholars who grew up during 1980’s and 90’s and who had access to the colonial memories from the oral narratives of their forefathers; the impact and result on today’s Postcolonial scholars who hardly have any colonial memories except what they had obtained from the text books and popular media. The result has some autobiographical elements as being a Postcolonial scholar myself, I have not been beyond the studies.
« Nous serions facilement saisis d’épouvante si la foi ne venait nous remplir d’espérance » : la peur dans les écrits personnels de Marie-Louise Globensky (1849–1919)
Authors: Doucet Sophie
Published: February 2020

Cet article retrace les mentions du sentiment de la peur dans les écrits de la bourgeoise montréalaise Marie-Louise Globensky (1849–1919). Il observe les causes de ses inquiétudes et angoisses, ses stratégies de réconfort face à ces émotions souffrantes, et le sens qu’elle leur donne. Ce faisant, il cherche à éclairer la vision du monde et—autant que possible—la texture de l’expérience humaine d’une bourgeoise catholique du tournant du XXe siècle. Également, il offre une fenêtre d’observation sur les normes entourant la peur dans la bourgeoisie montréalaise et sur la manière dont l’Église catholique régit l’expérience de cette émotion.
Un mode de signature minoritaire
Authors: Martens David
Published: February 2020

Lorsque les écrivains adoptent un pseudonyme, ils peuvent parfaitement altérer les marqueurs identitaires affichés par leur nom, qu’il s’agisse de leur origine culturelle, de leur classe sociale ou encore de leur genre. Nombre de femmes se sont ainsi choisi des pseudonymes masculins, tandis que certains hommes ont signé de noms féminins. Ces formules diffèrent sensiblement, non seulement dans leurs enjeux, mais aussi dans leurs formes, notamment lorsqu’elles constituent une manière d’entrer en littérature. Alors que les noms de plume d’autrices telles que Daniel Stern (Marie d’Agoult) et George Sand sont rapidement connus comme tels, et utilisés durablement, des écrivains comme Prosper Mérimée et Pierre Louÿs retiennent plutôt la formule de l’hétéronyme (Clara Gazul et Bilitis), pour une seule oeuvre. Cette disparité des finalités et des moyens s’accuse dans un trait pourtant commun : dans ces différents cas de figure, le processus de reconnaissance du monde lettré et d’avènement à la publication en passe par une figure masculine, fictive ou non, qui parraine l’entrée dans le champ littéraire.
L’école à l’épreuve de la diversité ethnoculturelle de son personnel : regards compréhensifs croisés
Authors: Morrissette Joëlle , Audet Geneviève
Published: February 2020

Ce numéro d’Alterstice s’inscrit dans le contexte actuel, où les rencontres interculturelles sont multipliées. La diversification des société fait naître différentes problématiques, notamment celles liées à l’intégration sociale et professionnelle des immigrants et de leurs familles, en particulier dans les grands centres urbains, où ils ont davantage tendance à s’établir. Mais c’est à l’école, dans les établissements scolaires et leurs environnements, lieux privilégiés de rencontres, de maillage et de métissage, que cet enjeu prend forme, dans des dynamiques de socialisation aux codes du vivre ensemble. Nous interrogeons ici les expériences et relations interculturelles au sein de la communauté éducative, ce qui implique de porter attention à une multiplicité d’acteurs : enseignants, élèves, professionnels (orthopédagogues, éducateurs spécialisés, etc.), équipe de direction, employés de soutien (secrétaire, concierge, etc.), familles, organismes communautaires, etc. Divers éclairages théoriques et empiriques sont proposés pour appréhender les processus d’ajustements continus et réciproques dans la négociation de cette diversité à l’école, au travers des interactions quotidiennes. Sont regroupés d’abord les textes qui rapportent spécifiquement la perspective des enseignants formés à l’étranger à propos de leurs expériences d’intégration dans le nouveau milieu professionnel, au Québec et en Ontario. Sont ensuite proposés des textes qui croisent les regards de différents acteurs sur la diversité ethnoculturelle au sein de l’école et les défis qu’elle soulève, mais aussi les ressources qu’elle constitue pour les relations au sein de l’écologie professionnelle.
Langue, culture et identité : défis et enjeux de l’intégration professionnelle des enseignants d’immigration récente en contexte francophone minoritaire
Authors: Duchesne Claire
Published: February 2020

Lorsqu’ils ont trouvé un poste d’enseignant dans les écoles de l’Ontario français, les nouveaux enseignants issus de l’immigration font face au défi de s’intégrer pleinement au corps enseignant dont ils font nouvellement partie, entre autres par l’appropriation de leur rôle de passeur culturel à l’égard de la construction identitaire de leurs élèves, de même que par le processus de (re)construction de leur propre identité en tant qu’enseignants francophones oeuvrant en contexte minoritaire. En s’appuyant sur ses recherches antérieures de même que sur les écrits qu’elle a recensés, l’auteure vise une meilleure compréhension des défis et des enjeux relevant de l’intégration professionnelle des nouveaux enseignants issus de l’immigration, particulièrement sur les plans des enjeux contextuels et identitaires qui sont inhérents au travail en situation francophone minoritaire.
Stratégies d’insertion professionnelle d’enseignants immigrants de minorité visible
Authors: Jabouin Sony , Duchesne Claire
Published: February 2020

La recherche sur l’insertion professionnelle des enseignants immigrants de minorité visible se situe à l’étape embryonnaire au Canada, particulièrement en Ontario, ce champ étant encore peu exploré par la communauté scientifique. Les différentes recherches portent davantage sur le stade de la formation à l’enseignement, alors que l’insertion professionnelle peut demeurer difficile pour ces enseignants. Cet article présente quelques résultats d’une recherche narrative sur les trajectoires d’insertion professionnelle des nouveaux enseignants originaires des Caraïbes et d’Afrique subsaharienne (NEOCAS) dans les écoles francophones de l’est de l’Ontario. Des entrevues semi-dirigées des récits d’expérience d’insertion professionnelle ont été réalisées auprès de huit NEOCAS. L’analyse des données recueillies, en lien avec le cadre théorique du processus multidimensionnel de l’insertion professionnelle de Mukamurera, Martineau, Bouthiette et Ndoreraho montre que ces derniers ont mobilisé diverses stratégies d’insertion professionnelle pour essayer de surmonter les difficultés rencontrées lors de ce parcours, difficultés liées à l’accès à l’emploi, à l’affectation et aux conditions de la tâche, à la socialisation organisationnelle, à la professionnalité et à l’insertion personnelle et psychologique. Nous présentons ici les stratégies mobilisées par ces enseignants immigrants de minorité visible pouvant faciliter leur insertion professionnelle dans les écoles francophones de l’Ontario.
Quand diversité ethnoculturelle et défavorisation se conjuguent au quotidien : regards croisés d’acteurs en contexte scolaire montréalais sur les défis et les leviers d’intervention
Authors: Gosselin-Gagné Justine
Published: February 2020

La diversité sociale et ethnoculturelle est de plus en plus présente dans certains milieux scolaires du Québec, une réalité qui soulève différents enjeux. L’école est appelée à s’adapter à cette diversité, en mettant à profit au quotidien les savoirs, les savoir-être et les savoir-faire de différents acteurs. Plusieurs perspectives théoriques ont été proposées dans ce contexte : éducation multiculturelle, éducation interculturelle, antiracisme, éducation à la citoyenneté, etc. Ma recherche s’inscrit dans un courant théorique auquel de plus en plus de chercheurs s’intéressent : le paradigme de l’éducation inclusive. Pendant une année scolaire, je me suis intégrée au quotidien de deux écoles primaires montréalaises en contexte de défavorisation socioéconomique et de pluriethnicité. L’approche ethnographique adoptée m’a donné l’opportunité d’accéder aux « coulisses » de ces milieux qui se mobilisent, au quotidien, pour s’adapter aux besoins de leur public scolaire. Les diverses méthodes employées (observations, entretiens individuels et de groupe, etc.) m’ont permis de construire un corpus de données qui favorise le croisement du regard de différents acteurs. Les résultats se structurent autour de quatre thèmes principaux : leadership de la direction, climat socioprofessionnel et pratiques de l’équipe-école, relations écoles-familles et collaborations avec les ressources communautaires. Ces thèmes renvoient à diverses portes d’entrée permettant aux écoles participantes de se mobiliser pour répondre aux besoins d’élèves qui cumulent diverses vulnérabilités socioscolaires, afin de soutenir leur réussite éducative et, ainsi, de mettre en oeuvre une éducation inclusive.
Prendre en compte l’expérience pré-, péri- et post-migratoire des élèves réfugiés afin de favoriser leur accueil et leur expérience socioscolaire
Authors: Papazian-Zohrabian Garine , Mamprin Caterina , Lemire Vanessa , Turpin-Samson Alyssa
Published: February 2020

À la suite de l’arrivée de nombreux réfugiés syriens en 2015-2016 et dans le but de les accueillir, plusieurs mesures extraordinaires et ressources supplémentaires ont été déployées par le gouvernement du Canada. En considérant que près de la moitié des nouveaux arrivants étaient mineurs, l’école québécoise s’est retrouvée devant de nombreux défis relatifs à l’accueil et à l’organisation des pratiques scolaires. Dans ce contexte, nous avons mené une recherche-action visant à évaluer une intervention mise en place en contexte scolaire pour favoriser le bien-être et le sentiment d’appartenance des élèves réfugiés syriens. L’action comportait deux volets distincts : des groupes de parole menés en classe sur des sujets sensibles (ex. : la migration, les deuils et les pertes, la famille) et un accompagnement psychosocial proposé à des élèves identifiés par les acteurs scolaires comme étant potentiellement en mal-être. Cinq classes, provenant de deux écoles secondaires et une école primaire, ont participé à la recherche. Cet article reprend des données secondaires collectées dans ce cadre pour mettre en lumière des résultats de recherche qui soulignent l’importance de la compréhension et de la prise en compte de l’expérience pré-, péri- et post-migratoire des élèves réfugiés en vue de favoriser leur accueil et leur expérience socioscolaire. Nous discutons, entre autres, de l’écart important entre la perception des acteurs scolaires du parcours migratoire et du vécu de leurs élèves réfugiés d’une part et de l’expérience réelle de ceux-ci d’autre part.
La formation des ingénieurs à l’activité de conception et les sciences humaines
Authors: Oget David
Published: February 2020

En imaginant ce qui permet de passer d’une situation existante à une situation
désirée
, le concepteur mobilise des capacités d’observation, d’analyse, de projection et de création. La formation à la conception dans les écoles professionnelles pose la question du développement de ces capacités et de la mobilisation des outils et connaissances proposés par les sciences de la conception. Si ces outils ont vocation à développer des capacités des apprenants
à concevoir
, les sciences de la conception excluent de leurs modèles d’analyse le concepteur en tant que personne singuli
è
re. Elles s’intéressent aux procédures plus qu’à l’usage qu’en fera l’acteur. Les approches issues des sciences humaines et centrées sur l’analyse de l’activité sont mobilisées ici pour questionner l’identité du concepteur comme sujet de son activité. Nous proposons d’analyser ce décalage épistémologique entre sciences de la conception et analyse de l’activité à partir de la formation
à la con
ception dans une école d’ingénieurs en cinq ans.
TFM: SexoDCero. El éxito de una metodología, seguimiento continuo y trabajo eficaz
Authors: Gaitán Alférez María Alejandra
Published: February 2020

En este artículo se plasma mi experiencia como estudiante de la asignatura Trabajo Final de Máster. Inicialmente, se hace una reseña de la misma, su objetivo y la metodología utilizada para delimitar, desarrollar y llevar a buen término el proyecto o TFM. Luego, se esboza cada una de las etapas del proceso hasta su finalización. Por último, se concluye con una reflexión sobre la situación y las decisiones tomadas.
A field-based investigation of behavioural interactions between invasive green crab (Carcinus maenas), rock crab (Cancer irroratus), and American lobster (Homarus americanus) in southern Newfoundland
Authors: Zargarpour Nicola , McKenzie Cynthia H. , Favaro Brett
Published: February 2020

Marine species invasions pose a global threat to native biodiversity and commercial fisheries. The European green crab (Carcinus maenas) is one of the most successful marine invaders worldwide and has, in the last decade, invaded the southern and western coastal waters of the island of Newfoundland, Newfoundland and Labrador (NL), Canada. Impacts of green crab on the American lobster (Homarus americanus), which are native to Newfoundland, are not well understood, particularly for interactions around deployed fishing gear. Declines in lobster catch rates in invaded systems (i.e., Placentia Bay, NL), have prompted concerns among lobster fishers that green crab are interfering with lobster catch. Here, we conducted a field experiment in a recently-invaded bay (2013) in which we deployed lobster traps pre-stocked with green crab, native rock crab (Cancer irroratus) (a procedural control), or empty (control). We compared catch per unit effort across each category, and used underwater cameras to directly observe trap performance in situ. In addition, we used SCUBA surveys to determine the correlation between ambient density of lobster and green crab in the ecosystem and the catch processes of lobster in traps. We found: (1) Regardless of the species of crab stocked, crab presence reduced the total number of lobster that attempted to enter the trap, and also reduced entry success rate, (2) lobster consumed green crab, rock crab and other lobster inside traps and (3) there was a positive association between lobster catch and ambient lobster density. Our results suggest that while there was a relationship between in-trap crab density and trap catch rates, it was not linked to the non-native/native status of the crab species.
Auditoria dos Relatórios de Sustentabilidade: um estudo com Empresas Listadas na B3
Authors: Uzeda Luna Taianan Alves
Published: February 2020

Este estudo buscou verificar a relação entre os determinantes da auditoria do Relatório de Sustentabilidade e o retorno anormal das ações das empresas listadas na B3, no período de 2011 a 2014. Foram utilizados os seguintes fatores determinantes: tamanho, endividamento, rentabilidade, effective tax rate (ETR), origem do controle acionário e setor de atividade. Elaborou-se um modelo de regressão logística binária robusta, sendo excluída a variável setor de atividade, que foi analisada por meio da tabela de referência cruzada e teste qui quadrado. Um segundo modelo de regressão linear analisou se a escolha da verificação externa proporcionou às empresas participantes da pesquisa retornos anormais no valor das ações. Os resultados evidenciaram que os fatores tamanho e ETR determinam a escolha do gestor em optar pela auditoria. Os achados permitiram afirmarqueasempresas optantes por realizar a verificação externa dos RS lograram retornos anormais no valor de suas ações.
Noncoherent MassiveMIMO
Authors: Baeza Víctor Monzón , Armada Ana García
Published: February 2020

The 5G radio access network (RAN) brings new requirements, with higher spectral efficiency to accommodate the needs of emerging applications. In this context, massive multiple‐input multiple‐output (m‐MIMO) is becoming one of the key enabling technologies for 5G and beyond. However, the current communication technologies are based on coherent transmission techniques, which require the transmission of a huge amount of signaling. Therefore, the differential encoding (DE) and non‐coherent (NC) detection are interesting alternatives. New constellation schemes for NC m‐MIMO have been proposed based mainly on energy detection and phase detection, combined with channel coding schemes to reduce the required number of antennas.
Biodegradable Nanoscale Coordination Polymers for Targeted Tumor Combination Therapy with Oxidative Stress Amplification
Authors: Liu Jingjing , Wu Min , Pan Yutong , Duan Yukun , Dong Ziliang , Chao Yu , Liu Zhuang , Liu Bin
Published: February 2020

Nowadays various inorganic nanoparticles that generate highly reactive hydroxyl radical (·OH) on the basis of Fenton‐like catalytic activity of metal ions have been designed for chemodynamic therapy. However, the high level of adaptive antioxidants [glutathione (GSH)] in cancer cells could effectively consume ·OH to compromise the treatment efficiency and biosafety of these inorganic nanoparticles, and this is a general concern in chemodynamic therapy. Herein, a new biodegradable nanoscale coordination polymer (NCP) is developed by integration of cisplatin prodrug (DSCP) and iron (III) ions through a reverse microemulsion method. The DSCP in the NCPs could react with GSH to release free cisplatin, while the iron (III) ions could be reduced by GSH into iron (II) to enable Fenton reaction, subsequently leading to amplified intracellular oxidative stress. After surface modification of polyethylene glycol (PEG) and cyclo[Arg‐Gly‐Asp‐D‐Phe‐Lys(mpa)] peptide (cRGD), Fe‐DSCP‐PEG‐cRGD shows an excellent targeting effect against αvβ3‐integrin overexpressed tumor cells. Furthermore, Fe‐DSCP‐PEG‐cRGD enables significant chemo and chemodynamic therapy with dramatically enhanced therapeutic efficiency in comparison to relative monotherapies. Importantly, Fe‐DSCP‐PEG‐cRGD could be efficiently cleared out from mice through feces and urine postinjection 7 days. The NCP presented in this work is simple and economical, which shows great biodegradability and biosafety for potential clinical translation.
Electroconductive Melt Electrowritten Patches Matching the Mechanical Anisotropy of Human Myocardium
Authors: Olvera Dinorath , Sohrabi Molina Mina , Hendy Gillian , Monaghan Michael G.
Published: February 2020

Cardiac patches represent a promising strategy for the treatment of myocardial infarction (MI). Here, an electroconductive cardiac patch that conforms to the mechanics of human myocardium is fabricated. By melt electrospinning writing (MEW), it is possible to fabricate an auxetic patch that can overcome the limited range of elasticity seen in conventional square patch designs. The auxetic patches can accommodate the strains and stresses exhibited by the human myocardium during diastole and systole. It is shown that the geometry of the auxetic patches can be fine‐tuned to reflect anisotropic mechanical properties. The anisotropic ratio of effective stiffness (E1/E2) of the auxetic patches agrees with the directionally‐dependent mechanics of the heart. Furthermore, in situ polymerization of doped‐polypyrrole (PPy) on the auxetic patches confers electroconductive properties close to those reported of human myocardium. This approach demonstrates the potential use of a rational design of PPy‐coated patches for their use as cardiac patches.
Massive Dirac Fermion Behavior in a Low Bandgap Graphene Nanoribbon Near a Topological Phase Boundary
Authors: Sun Qiang , Gröning Oliver , Overbeck Jan , Braun Oliver , Perrin Mickael L. , Borin Barin Gabriela , El Abbassi Maria , Eimre Kristjan , Ditler Edward , Daniels Colin , Meunier Vincent , Pignedoli Carlo A. , Calame Michel , Fasel Roman , Ruffieux Pascal
Published: February 2020

Graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) have attracted much interest due to their largely modifiable electronic properties. Manifestation of these properties requires atomically precise GNRs which can be achieved through a bottom–up synthesis approach. This has recently been applied to the synthesis of width‐modulated GNRs hosting topological electronic quantum phases, with valence electronic properties that are well captured by the Su–Schrieffer–Heeger (SSH) model describing a 1D chain of interacting dimers. Here, ultralow bandgap GNRs with charge carriers behaving as massive Dirac fermions can be realized when their valence electrons represent an SSH chain close to the topological phase boundary, i.e., when the intra‐ and interdimer coupling become approximately equal. Such a system has been achieved via on‐surface synthesis based on readily available pyrene‐based precursors and the resulting GNRs are characterized by scanning probe methods. The pyrene‐based GNRs (pGNRs) can be processed under ambient conditions and incorporated as the active material in a field effect transistor. A quasi‐metallic transport behavior is observed at room temperature, whereas at low temperature, the pGNRs behave as quantum dots showing single‐electron tunneling and Coulomb blockade. This study may enable the realization of devices based on carbon nanomaterials with exotic quantum properties.
Recent Advances and a Roadmap to Wearable UV Sensor Technologies
Authors: Zou Wenyue , Sastry Murali , Gooding J. Justin , Ramanathan Rajesh , Bansal Vipul
Published: February 2020

The tremendous impact of UV radiation on every individual has resulted in massive interest in development of new sensor technologies to effectively monitor the solar exposure. However, there is no comprehensive review that critically discusses the advances made in the field of wearable UV sensor technologies and to position them as next‐generation mass‐deployable wearable devices. Herein, this gap is addressed by first classifying UV detection technologies into photoelectric and photochromic systems and summarizing their unique strengths and drawbacks. This is followed by a discussion on the integration of novel materials and design concepts with these technologies to develop wearable UV sensors. Then, the commercially available wearable UV sensors are examined thoroughly together with their limitations. Toward the end, a highly critical future outlook is provided, wherein the role of technological and regulatory interventions in assisting the development and integration of wearable UV sensors in the day‐to‐day activities is discussed. More importantly, the purpose of this review is not only to provide an in‐depth understanding of the underlying UV detection mechanism, design principles, and wearable technologies but also to act as a roadmap for those interested in the development and regulation of commercially deployable wearable UV sensors.
Excitons in Metal‐Halide Perovskites
Authors: Baranowski Michal , Plochocka Paulina
Published: February 2020

The unprecedented increase of the power conversion efficiency of metal‐halide perovskite solar cells has significantly outpaced the understanding of their fundamental properties. One of the biggest puzzles of perovskites has been the exciton binding energy, which has proved to be difficult to determine experimentally. Many contradictory reports can be found in the literature with values of the exciton binding energy from a few meV to a few tens of meV. In this review the results of the last few years of intense investigation of the exciton physic in perovskite materials are summarized. In particular a critical overview of the different experimental approaches used to determine exciton binding energy is provided. The problem of exciton binding energy in the context of the polar nature of perovskite crystals and related polaron effects which have been neglected to date in most of work is discussed. It is shown that polaron effects can reconcile at least some of the experimental observations and controversy present in the literature. Finally, the current status of the exciton fine structure in perovskite materials is summarized. The peculiar carrier–phonon coupling can help to understand the intriguing efficiency of light emission from metal‐halide perovskites.
Imaging Carrier Transport Properties in Halide Perovskites using Time‐Resolved Optical Microscopy
Authors: Delport Géraud , Macpherson Stuart , Stranks Samuel D.
Published: February 2020

Halide perovskites have remarkable properties for relatively crudely processed semiconductors, including large optical absorption coefficients and long charge carrier lifetimes. Thanks to such properties, these materials are now competing with established technologies for use in cost‐effective and efficient light‐harvesting and light‐emitting devices. Nevertheless, the fundamental understanding of the behavior of charge carriers in these materials—particularly on the nano‐ to microscale—has, on the whole, lagged behind empirical device performance. Such understanding is essential to control charge carriers, exploit new device structures, and push devices to their performance limits. Among other tools, optical microscopy and spectroscopic techniques have revealed rich information about charge carrier recombination and transport on important length scales. In this progress report, the contribution of time‐resolved optical microscopy techniques to the collective understanding of the photophysics of these materials is detailed. The ongoing technical developments in the field that are overcoming traditional experimental limitations in order to visualize transport properties over multiple time and length scales are discussed. Finally, strategies are proposed to combine optical microscopy with complementary techniques in order to obtain a holistic picture of local carrier photophysics in state‐of‐the‐art perovskite devices.
Real‐world data on incidence, clinical characteristics and outcome of patients with macrofocal multiple myeloma (MFMM) in the era of novel therapies: A study of the Greco‐Israeli collaborative myeloma working group
Authors: Katodritou Eirini , Kastritis Efstathios , Gatt Moshe , Cohen Yael C. , Avivi Irit , Pouli Anastasia , Lalayianni Chrysavgi , Lavi Noa , Delimpasis Sosana , Kyrtsonis Marie‐Christine , Michael Michalis , Suriu Celia , Miri Zektser , Tzafarti Katrin , Vadikoliou Chrysanthi , Maltezas Dimitris , Zikos Panagiotis , Ganzel Chezi , Vaxman Yuliana , Aviv Ariel , Christoforidou Anna , Gavriatopoulou Maria , Shaulov Adir , Verrou Evgenia , Papanota Aristea‐Maria , Fakinos Gabriel , Gkioka Annita‐Ioanna , Palaska Vasiliki , Triantafyllou Theodora , Konstantinidou Pavlina , Anagnostopoulos Achilles , Terpos Evangelos , Dimopoulos Meletios A.
Published: February 2020

We investigated incidence, characteristics and outcome of patients with macrofocal multiple myeloma (MFMM) treated mainly with novel therapies. Based on definition (BMPCs <20% and lytic lesions/plasmacytomas, without anemia, renal insufficiency or hypercalcemia) we identified 140 patients with MFMM, among 4650 myeloma patients (3%). Twice the number of patients with typical myeloma were used as controls; 60% were <65 years and 70% had advanced bone disease. Plasmacytomas were more frequent in MFMM compared with standard myeloma (68% vs 15%, P < .05). Adverse prognostic parameters (high lactate dehydrogenase, advanced stage, high risk cytogenetics, immunoparesis) were less common in patients with MFMM compared with controls (P < .05); 90% received novel agents and 47% underwent autologous transplantation upfront; 90% achieved an objective response; 70% had at least very good partial response which was significantly higher compared with controls (P < .05). After a median follow‐up of 52 months, 33 patients have died. Early death (<12 months) was infrequent in MFMM. Median progression‐free survival and overall survival (OS) were 46 and 129 months respectively, both significantly longer compared with controls (P < .001). Proteasome inhibitor (PI)‐based therapy was the only independent predictor for OS in the multivariate analysis (HR: 3.9; P < .001). In conclusion, MFMM is a distinct entity presented in young and elderly subjects, characterized by limited bone marrow infiltration, advanced bone disease and frequent presence of plasmacytomas; MFMM patients have less often adverse prognostic features and achieve excellent responses and prolonged OS especially when treated with PI‐based therapies. Novel imaging will help in a more accurate classification of this entity.
Asymmetric Epoxidation of α,β‐Unsaturated Ketones Catalyzed by Chiral Iron Complexes of (R,R)‐3,4‐Diaminopyrrolidine Derived N4‐Ligands with Camphorsulfonyl Sidearms
Authors: Li Yuanfeng , Zhang Yuecheng , Zhang Hong‐Yu , Han Ya‐Ping , Zhao Jiquan
Published: February 2020

Three (R,R)‐3,4‐diaminopyrrolidine‐based chiral N4 ligands and corresponding iron complexes were synthesized. The complexes were applied to the asymmetric epoxidation of various α,β‐unsaturated ketones with H2O2 as an oxidant and carboxylic acid as auxiliary. Good to excellent enantioselectivity (up to 97%) was achieved in the case of 2,2‐dimethylbutyric acid as an auxiliary.
How to facilitate a rapid response system in Japan: a promotion course based on TeamSTEPPS
Authors: Fujiwara Shinsuke , Atagi Kazuaki , Moriyasu Megumi , Naito Takaki , Taneda Kenichiro , Hsu Hsiang‐Chin , Lefor Alan Kawarai , Fujitani Shigeki
Published: February 2020

Aim

In Japan, the number of facilities introducing a rapid response system (RRS) has been increasing. However, many institutions have had unsuccessful implementations. In order to implement RRS smoothly, a plan that meets the needs of each hospital is needed.

Methods

Rapid response system teams from each hospital, including a physician and staff in charge of medical safety, from the RRS online registry were invited to attend a workshop. The workshop aimed to develop and implement RRS. The course curriculum was based on the Team Strategies and Tools to Enhance Performance and Patient Safety (TeamSTEPPS) developed in the USA. Participating facilities were required to formulate an RRS introduction plan referring to Kotter’s 8‐step change model to overcome barriers in the implementation of RRS. The change in medical emergency team activations comparing the intervention and control group hospitals was compared.

Results

Sixteen institutions were eligible for this study. After participating in the workshop, there was a tendency toward more frequent activation of medical emergency teams in the intervention group (P = 0.075). According to a self‐evaluation from each facility, there is great difficulty in overcoming the 5th step of Kotter’s model (empower people to act the vision).

Conclusion

This step‐by‐step evaluation clearly identified a problem with implementation and provided measures for resolution corresponding to each facility. There was a major barrier to overcome the 5th step of Kotter’s model in leading change, which represents the attitude toward implementing RRS in institutions.
Effect of Environment on the Scattering of Electrons by a Junction of Different Topological Materials
Authors: Li Dong‐Xiao , Shao Xiao‐Qiang , Yi Xue‐Xi
Published: February 2020

The studies of electron transport through a junction of topological materials in the literature so far ignore the coupling of a topological material to its surrounding environment. Here, the dynamics of an open system through a stochastic Hamiltonian are simulated to investigate the influence of the environment on the scattering of electrons by a junction of different topological materials, such as a Dirac–Weyl magnetic junction and a topological insulator. It is found that, although the detrimental effect of the environment is inevitable, the Landauer conductance can be enhanced via adjusting the system–environment coupling strength. This result supplies the possibilty of changing the transport feature of topological materials by modulating the surrounded environment. It is also demonstrated that a non‐Hermitian Hamiltonian can be used to replace the stochastic Hamiltonian for this study, when the system and the environment coupling are weak.
Automated, Accelerated Nanoscale Synthesis of Iminopyrrolidines
Authors: Osipyan Angelina , Shaabani Shabnam , Warmerdam Robert , Shishkina Svitlana V. , Boltz Harry , Dömling Alexander
Published: February 2020

Miniaturization and acceleration of synthetic chemistry is an emerging area in pharmaceutical, agrochemical, and materials research and development. Herein, we describe the synthesis of iminopyrrolidine‐2‐carboxylic acid derivatives using chiral glutamine, oxo components, and isocyanide building blocks in an unprecedented Ugi‐3‐component reaction. We used I‐DOT, a positive‐pressure‐based low‐volume and non‐contact dispensing technology to prepare more than 1000 different derivatives in a fully automated fashion. In general, the reaction is stereoselective, proceeds in good yields, and tolerates a wide variety of functional groups. We exemplify a pipeline of fast and efficient nanomole‐scale scouting to millimole‐scale synthesis for the discovery of a useful novel reaction with great scope.
A Hydrolase‐Catalyzed Cyclization Forms the Fused Bicyclic β‐Lactone in Vibralactone
Authors: Feng Ke‐Na , Yang Yan‐Long , Xu Yu‐Xing , Zhang Yue , Feng Tao , Huang Sheng‐Xiong , Liu Ji‐Kai , Zeng Ying
Published: February 2020

Vibralactone is isolated from the basidiomycete fungus Boreostereum vibrans as one of the strongest lipase inhibitors. Its unusual β‐lactone‐fused bicycle is derived from an aryl ring moiety by an oxidative ring‐expansion prior to an intramolecular cyclization. Herein, we report the discovery of the cyclase VibC which belongs to the α/β‐hydrolase superfamily and is involved in the vibralactone biosynthesis. Biochemical and crystal studies suggest that VibC may catalyze an aldol or an electrocyclic reaction initiated by the Ser‐His‐Asp catalytic triad. For the aldol and pericyclic chemistry in living cells, VibC is a unique hydrolase performing the carbocycle formation of an oxepinone to a fused bicyclic β‐lactone. This presents a naturally occurring, new enzymatic reaction in both aldol and hydrolase (bio)chemistry that will guide future exploitation of these enzymes in synthetic biology for chemical‐diversity expansion of natural products.
Development and characterization of 20 novel EST‐SSR markers for Pteroceltis tatarinowii, a relict tree in China
Authors: Zhang Mengyuan , Zhang Yunyan , Wang Guozheng , Zhou Jingbo , Tian Yongjing , Geng Qifang , Wang Zhongsheng
Published: February 2020

Premise

Pteroceltis tatarinowii (Ulmaceae), the only species of the genus Pteroceltis, is an endangered tree in China. Here, novel expressed sequence tag–simple sequence repeat (EST‐SSR) markers were developed to illuminate its genetic diversity for conservation and assisted breeding.

Methods and Results

Based on Illumina transcriptome data from P. tatarinowii, a total of 70 EST‐SSR markers were initially designed and tested. Forty‐eight of 70 loci (68.6%) were successfully amplified, of which 20 were polymorphic. The number of alleles per locus ranged from two to six, and the levels of observed and expected heterozygosity ranged from 0.018 to 0.781 and from 0.023 to 0.702, respectively. Additionally, cross‐amplification was successful for 17 loci in two related species, Ulmus gaussenii and U. chenmoui.

Conclusions

These new EST‐SSR markers are valuable transcriptomic resources for P. tatarinowii and will facilitate population genetics and molecular breeding of this species and its relatives in Ulmaceae.
Circular RNA‐0072309 has antitumor influences in Hep3B cell line by targeting microRNA‐665
Authors: Yu Qiuyun , Dai Jinhua , Shu Ming
Published: February 2020

Liver cancer is a malignant tumor that occurs in the liver and has a high mortality rate. We strived to detect the role and mechanism of circRNA‐0072309 in liver cancer. Hep3B cell line was transfected with pc‐circ and si‐circ for viability, colony formation, apoptosis, migration, and invasion tests, which were individually performed by CCK‐8, colony formation detection, flow cytometry assay, migration and invasion assays. What is more, the luciferase reporter assay was conducted to determine the target relationship between the circRNA‐0072309 and microRNA (miR)‐665. The expression of circRNA‐0072309 was examined by qRT‐PCR. The expression of proteins was examined via western blot. CircRNA‐0072309 was lowly expressed in liver cancer tissues and positively associated with 5‐year survival rate. The viability, colony formation, invasive and migratory ability were inhibited by abundant circRNA‐0072309, which promoted cell apoptosis on the contrary. CircRNA‐0072309 knockdown induced opposite effects, but could not affect apoptosis. Overexpressed miR‐665 in tumor tissues was targeted and negatively controlled by circRNA‐0072309. The PI3K/AKT and Wnt/β‐catenin pathways were inhibited by abundant circRNA‐0072309. miR‐665 overexpression disturbed those effects derived from pc‐circ. The circRNA‐0072309 had antitumor influences in Hep3B cell line through targeting miR‐665 relying on the deactivation of PI3K/AKT and Wnt/β‐catenin pathways.
LncRNA TTN‐AS1 acts as sponge for miR‐15b‐5p to regulate FBXW7 expression in ovarian cancer
Authors: Miao Sheng , Wang Jia , Xuan Lili , Liu Xiaojun
Published: February 2020

Emerging evidence showed that long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) plays crucial roles in regulating various cancer biological behaviors. Titin‐antisense RNA1 (TTN‐AS1) has been reported to have crucial roles in cancers but its role in ovarian cancer remains unknown. The levels of TTN‐AS1, microNRA‐15b‐5p (miR‐15b‐5p), and F‐box and WD repeat domain containing 7 (FBXW7) in ovarian cancer cells were measured by quantitative reverse‐transcription PCR. Targets for TTN‐AS1 and miR‐15b‐5p were predicted by bioinformatic tools, and validated by luciferase activity reporter assay. Cell proliferation, colony formation, and cell apoptosis were analyzed with cell counting kit‐8 assay, colony formation assay, and flow cytometry. Correlation of TTN‐AS1 and FBXW7 was analyzed at gene expression profiling interactive analysis. TTN‐AS1 was found decreased expression in ovarian cancer tissues and cells. Dual‐luciferase activity validated TTN‐AS1 and FBXW7 shared binding site in miR‐15b‐5p. Functional assays showed TTN‐AS1 overexpression inhibits ovarian cancer cell proliferation, colony formation but promotes apoptosis. Rescue experiments showed that knockdown of FBXW7 could partially counteracted the effects of TTN‐AS1 overexpression on ovarian cancer cell behaviors. Our results indicated that the TTN‐AS1/miR‐15b‐5p/FBXW7 axis identified in this work could help to identify treatment biomarkers for ovarian cancer.