bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Humoral protection to SARS-CoV2 declines faster in patients on TNF alpha blocking therapies
Authors: Geisen Ulf M , Sümbül Melike , Tran Florian , Berner Dennis K , Reid Hayley M , Vullriede Lena , Ciripoi Maria , Longardt Ann C , Hoff Paula , Morrison Peter J , Schneider Verena E , Zeuner Rainald , Schirmer Jan H , Steinbach Andrea , Nikolaus Susanna , Gerdes S , Schreiber Stefan , Bacher Petra , Hoyer Bimba F
Published: December 2021

Background

The persistence of the SARS-CoV2 pandemic, partly due to the appearance of highly infectious variants, has made booster vaccinations necessary for vulnerable groups. Questions remain as to which cohorts require SARS-CoV2 boosters. However, there is a critical lack of data on the dynamics of vaccine responses in patients with chronic inflammatory diseases (CID) undergoing immunosuppressive/disease modifying anti-rheumatic (DMARD) treatment. Here, we present the first data regarding the decline of the vaccine-induced humoral immune responses in patients with CID.

Methods

23 patients with CID were monitored clinically and for anti-spike IgG and IgA levels, neutralization efficacy and antigen-specific CD4+ T cell responses over the first 6 months after SARS-CoV2 vaccination. 24 healthy individuals were included as controls.

Results

While anti-spike IgG-levels declined in CID patients and healthy controls, patients receiving anti-TNF treatment showed significantly greater declines at 6 months post second vaccination in IgG and especially neutralizing antibodies. IgA levels were generally lower in CID patients, particularly during anti-TNF therapy. No differences in SARS-CoV2 spike-specific CD4+ T-cell frequencies were detected.

Conclusion

Although the long-term efficacy of SARS-CoV2 vaccination in CID patients undergoing disease-modifying therapy is still not known, the pronounced declines in humoral responses towards SARS-CoV2 6 months after mRNA vaccination in the context of TNF blockade should be considered when formulating booster regimens. These patients should be considered for early booster vaccinations.
New open-loop recycling approaches for disposable diaper waste
Authors: Lim Jee Khan , Müller Julian , Mahdi Fatin Norsuaidah , Chen Soo Kien , Tan Kar Ban , Lee Oon Jew
Published: December 2021

Disposable diapers are considered indispensable hygiene products, which is reflected in their massive levels of consumption globally and waste generation. Most of the diaper waste is neither segregated nor treated and ends up in landfills or incinerators. The reported life cycle assessment highlights that the diaper waste is not solely generated after single-use but begins as early as the raw materials acquisition stage. Although what is done cannot be undone, diaper waste can be recycled. Diaper waste valorization has been explored on laboratory- and commercial-scales for years, with varying degrees of success. Leading diaper manufacturers such as Procter & Gamble, Kimberly–Clark, and Unicharm are making progress in establishing closed-loop recycling of used diapers and converting diaper waste into new diapers. However, the broad potential for possible new products made from diaper waste has yet to be fully exploited. This review focuses on the enormous promise of diaper waste from the perspective of emerging open-loop recycling pathways. We demonstrate that diaper waste can be harnessed and converted into nondiaper products, including energy pellets, anode material for lithium-ion batteries, concrete admixture, catalysts, soil amendment, and mushroom cultivation substrates. We also explore several active, commercial-scale diaper recycling approaches and provide a comprehensive blueprint to encourage open-loop recycling. Open-loop recycling is a practical strategy for managing diaper waste, rectifying environmental damage, and contributing to circular supply chains.
Bottomonium production and polarization in the NRQCD with $$k_T$$-factorization. III: $$\Upsilon (1S)$$ and $$\chi _b(1P)$$ mesons
Authors: Abdulov N. A. , Lipatov A. V.
Published: December 2021

The $$\Upsilon (1S)$$

Υ
(
1
S
)

meson production and polarization at high energies is studied in the framework of the $$k_T$$

k
T

-factorization approach. Our consideration is based on the non-relativistic QCD formalism for a bound states formation and off-shell production amplitudes for hard partonic subprocesses. The direct production mechanism, feed-down contributions from radiative $$\chi _b(mP)$$

χ
b

(
m
P
)

decays and contributions from $$\Upsilon (3S)$$

Υ
(
3
S
)

and $$\Upsilon (2S)$$

Υ
(
2
S
)

decays are taken into account. The transverse momentum dependent (TMD) gluon densities in a proton were derived from the Ciafaloni–Catani–Fiorani–Marchesini evolution equation and the Kimber-Martin–Ryskin prescription. Treating the non-perturbative color octet transitions in terms of multipole radiation theory, we extract the corresponding non-perturbative matrix elements for $$\Upsilon (1S)$$

Υ
(
1
S
)

and $$\chi _b(1P)$$

χ
b

(
1
P
)

mesons from a combined fit to transverse momenta distributions measured at various LHC experiments. Then we apply the extracted values to investigate the polarization parameters $$\lambda _\theta $$

λ
θ

, $$\lambda _\phi $$

λ
ϕ

and $$\lambda _{\theta \phi }$$

λ

θ
ϕ

, which determine the $$\Upsilon (1S)$$

Υ
(
1
S
)

spin density matrix. Our predictions have a reasonably good agreement with the currently available Tevatron and LHC data within the theoretical and experimental uncertainties.
Notch1 and Notch3 coordinate for pericyte-induced stabilization of vasculature
Authors: Tefft Juliann B. , Bays Jennifer L. , Lammers Alex , Kim Sudong , Eyckmans Jeroen , Chen Christopher S.
Published: December 2021

The Notch pathway regulates complex patterning events in many species and is critical for the proper formation and function of the vasculature. Despite this importance, how the various components of the Notch pathway work in concert is still not well understood. For example, NOTCH1 stabilizes homotypic endothelial junctions, but the role of NOTCH1 in heterotypic interactions is not entirely clear. NOTCH3, on the other hand, is essential for heterotypic interactions of pericytes with the endothelium, but how NOTCH3 signaling in pericytes impacts the endothelium remains elusive. Here, we use in vitro vascular models to investigate whether pericyte-induced stabilization of the vasculature requires the cooperation of NOTCH1 and NOTCH3. We observe that both pericyte NOTCH3 and endothelial NOTCH1 are required for the stabilization of the endothelium. Loss of either NOTCH3 or NOTCH1 decreases the accumulation of VE-cadherin at endothelial adherens junctions and increases the frequency of wider, more motile junctions. We found that DLL4 was the key ligand for simulating NOTCH1 activation in endothelial cells and observed that DLL4 expression in pericytes is dependent on NOTCH3. Altogether, these data suggest that an interplay between pericyte NOTCH3 and endothelial NOTCH1 is critical for pericyte-induced vascular stabilization.
Goblet cell hyperplasia is not epithelial-autonomous in the Cftr knockout intestine
Authors: Walker Nancy M. , Liu Jinghua , Young Sarah M. , Woode Rowena A. , Clarke Lane L.
Published: December 2021

Studies of small intestinal organoids from cystic fibrosis (CF) mice show that goblet cell hyperplasia and increased Toll-like receptor 2/4 expression are not primary manifestations of the CF intestine. Intestinal goblet cell hyperplasia in the CF mice was not strongly altered by genetic ablation of Tlr2 and Tlr 4, but could be induced in both wild-type and CF intestinal organoids by a Tlr2-dependent suppression of Notch signaling.
Preclinical applications of high-definition manometry system to investigate pelvic floor muscle contribution to continence mechanisms in a rabbit model
Authors: Sorkhi Samuel , Seo Youngjin , Bhargava Valmik , Rajasekaran Mahadevan Raj
Published: December 2021

We anticipate that with this new HDM technology, physiological changes within these orifices may be redefined using the extensive data that are generated from 96 sensors. When compared with conventional methods, HDM offers the advantages of an increased response rate, as well as the utilization of 96 circumferential sensors to simultaneously measure pressure along the three orifices. Our findings suggest a potential use of this technology to better define urinary leak point pressure.
An enriched environment reduces chronic stress-induced visceral pain through modulating microglial activity in the central nucleus of the amygdala
Authors: Yuan Tian , Orock Albert , Greenwood-VanMeerveld Beverley
Published: December 2021

Clinical studies show that cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is effective in ameliorating visceral pain in patient with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), yet the underlying mechanisms remain unexplored. By using environmental enrichment (EE), an experimental paradigm that mirrors positive behavioral intervention, we demonstrated that microglia-mediated synaptic plasticity in the CeA explains, plays a role, at least in part, in the positive effects of EE to reduce visceral hypersensitivity.
Virtual Space Vector Pulse Width Modulation for Asymmetric T-Type Neutral Point Clamped 3-Level Inverter
Authors: Doan Nam Xuan , Nguyen Nho Van
Published: December 2021

This paper proposes a novel 3-phase asymmetric 3-level T-type NPC inverter and studies its PWM performance using a virtual space vector pulse width modulation control strategy. Firstly, the mathematical model and characteristics of this economical topology are described. Then, a virtual space vector approach is proposed to build a space vector diagram for designing SVPWM control. Similar to the conventional 3-level NPC inverter, the asymmetric inverter can also work with the neutral point voltage self-balancing in a fundamental period, which enables employment of this topology in various applications. Finally, simulation and experiment results under different load conditions have shown good output performance of the asymmetric 3-level topology. Similar tests are also performed on both conventional 2-level and 3-level inverters for comparison. For an almost similar number of different voltage vectors in the space vector diagram, the asymmetric 3-level topology can compete with conventional 3-level inverters for low-cost applications. The obvious benefit of the asymmetric 3-level inverter is a smaller number of switches devices while it can achieve output performance similar to that of the conventional 3-level. The comparative investigation also shows that the total loss given by SVPWM for the asymmetric 3-level configuration is lower than that of the traditional 3-level inverter.
Relationship between Quantitative Parameters of Echocardiography and Vascular Endothelial Function in Patients with Chronic Heart Failure and Its Predictive Value for Short-Term MACE Risk
Authors: Dai Min , Wang Yunle , Peng Lijuan , Liu Xiaoyu , Lu Juan , He Lizhen , Li Kulin , Qian Dajun , Wang Ruxing
Published: December 2021

Objective. To investigate the relationship between quantitative parameters of echocardiography and vascular endothelial function in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) and the predictive value of short-term major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE). Methods. From February 2018 to February 2020, 86 CHF patients in our hospital were selected as the observation group, and 46 healthy subjects were selected as the control group during the same period. Quantitative parameters of echocardiography (left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), left ventricular short-axis shortening rate (FS), and ratio of peak flow velocity between early and late mitral valve diastole (E/A)) and endothelial function indexes (endothelin-1 (ET-1)/nitric oxide (NO)) were compared between the two groups. The correlation between quantitative parameters of echocardiography and vascular endothelial function in patients with CHF was analyzed. A logistic regression equation was used to analyze the risk factors of MACE in patients with CHF. The receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) was used to analyze the predictive value of quantitative parameters of echocardiography and NO/ET-1 for the risk of MACE in patients with CHF. Result. LVEF, FS, and NO/ET-1 in the observation group were lower than those in the control group, while E/A was higher than that in the control group (

P
<
0.05

). In CHF patients, LVEF and FS were positively correlated with NO/ET-1, while E/A was negatively correlated with NO/ET-1 (

P
<
0.05

). Logistic regression analysis showed that the decrease of LVEF, FS, NO/ET-1, and E/A were risk factors for MACE (

P
<
0.05

) after adjusting for age, body mass index, and cardiac function grading. The AUC value of short-term MACE predicted by quantitative parameters of echocardiography and NO/ET-1 combined was 0.883, with a corresponding sensitivity of 86.21% and specificity of 73.13%. Conclusion. Quantitative parameters of echocardiography in CHF patients are related to vascular endothelial function, and their combination can effectively predict the risk of MACE in the near future, providing reference for clinical treatment.
Deformation Prediction of a Deep Foundation Pit Based on the Combination Model of Wavelet Transform and Gray BP Neural Network
Authors: Liu Qiang , Yang Chun-Yan , Lin Li
Published: December 2021

The purpose of this study was to predict the deformation of a deep foundation pit based on a combination model of wavelet transform and gray BP neural network. Using a case of a deep foundation pit, a combination model of wavelet transform and gray BP neural network was used to predict the deformation of the deep foundation pit. The results show that compared with the traditional gray BP neural network model, the relative error of the combination model of wavelet transform and gray BP neural network was reduced by 2.38%. This verified that the combined model has high accuracy and reliability in the prediction of foundation pit deformation and also conforms to the actual situation of the project. The research results can provide a valuable reference for foundation pit deformation monitoring.
Clinical Research of Orthopedic Trauma Based on Computer 3D Image Analysis
Authors: Zhao Feng , Fang Jun , Li Da , Hong Qingnan , You Ruijin , Chen Kun
Published: December 2021

In order to improve the clinical research effect of orthopedic trauma, this paper applies computer 3D image analysis technology to the clinical research of orthopedic trauma and proposes the BOS technology based on FFT phase extraction. The background image in this technique is a “cosine blob” background image. Moreover, this technology uses the FFT phase extraction method to process this background image to extract the image point displacement. The BOS technology based on FFT phase extraction does not need to select a diagnostic window. Finally, this paper combines computer 3D image analysis technology to build an intelligent system. According to the experimental research results, the clinical analysis system of orthopedic trauma based on computer 3D image analysis proposed in this paper can play an important role in the clinical diagnosis and treatment of orthopedic trauma and improve the diagnosis and treatment effect of orthopedic trauma.
Economic Development Trend Prediction Model Based on Unsupervised Learning in the Internet of Things Environment
Authors: Kuang Min
Published: December 2021

In order to explore the economic development trend under the environment of the Internet of Things, this paper improves the chaotic algorithm of the Internet of Things and constructs an economic development trend analysis system based on big data technology. Moreover, this paper analyzes the actual situation of big data processing data and conducts research on economic data analysis process. In addition, this paper conducts effective research on the various modules of functional analysis, obtains the system functional architecture, constructs the system functional structure based on the actual situation, and analyzes the operating process of the system. Finally, this paper designs a simulation test based on actual data. The experimental research results show that the system model proposed in this paper has a good performance in the forecast of economic development trends, and the system can be used for forecasting in subsequent economic development forecasts.
Integrated Optimization of Port Rotation Direction and Fleet Deployment for Container Liner Shipping Routes
Authors: Chen Jingxu , Wang Yiran , Yu Xinlian , Liu Zhiyuan
Published: December 2021

This paper provides an integrated planning methodology for the optimization of port rotation direction and fleet deployment for container liner shipping routes with consideration of demand uncertainty. We first consider a special case that demand is deterministic. A multicommodity flow network model is developed via minimizing the total network-wide cost. Its decisions are the selection of port rotation direction and fleet deployment and container routings in the shipping network. Afterward, we address the generic case that uncertain demand is considered, which is represented by potentially realizable demand scenarios. We develop a minimax regret model to procure the least maximum regret across all the demand scenarios. The proposed models are applied to an Asia-Europe-Oceania liner shipping network with 46 ports and 12 ship routes. Results could provide the liner company with a comprehensive decision tool to simultaneously determine port rotation direction and fleet deployment when tackling uncertain demand.
MicroRNA-146-5p Promotes Pulmonary Artery Endothelial Cell Proliferation under Hypoxic Conditions through Regulating USP3
Authors: Zhang Wei , Qi Yujuan , Wu Bo
Published: December 2021

Objective. MicroRNAs play a pivotal role in the progression of pulmonary hypertension (PAH). Although microRNA-146-5p is specifically expressed in many diseases, but in PAH, its role remains elusive. Patients and Methods. 30 patients with PAH and 20 healthy volunteers in our hospital were enrolled, and their serum samples were extracted for the detection of microRNA-146-5p and ubiquitin specific protease 3 (USP3) expression. In addition, the interaction between microRNA-146-5p and USP3 was examined by luciferase reporting assay. Furthermore, the potential mechanism was explored by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8), 5-ethynyl-2

′

-deoxyuridine (EdU), and Western blotting experiments. Results. It was found that microRNA-146-5p was higher in PAH patients than in healthy volunteers. Meanwhile, in hypoxia-induced human pulmonary artery endothelial cell lines (HPAECs), microRNA-146-5p expression was dramatically downregulated while USP3 protein expression was conversely upregulated. Under hypoxic conditions, microRNA-146-5p mimics was able to prompt the growth of HPAECs. In addition, after overexpression of microRNA-146-5p, luciferase reporting assay revealed a reduced luciferase activity of the reporter gene containing the USP3 3

′

-untranslated region, and a reduction of USP3 protein expression was also confirmed. However, USP3 overexpression partially attenuated the impact of upregulated microRNA-146-5p on the proliferation capacity of HPAECs. Conclusions. MicroRNA-146-5p was able to enhance the proliferation ability of HPAEC cells under hypoxic conditions through targeting USP3, suggesting the microRNA-146-5p/USP3 axis may act as a target for PAH treatment.
Cox-2 Antagonizes the Protective Effect of Sevoflurane on Hypoxia/Reoxygenation-Induced Cardiomyocyte Apoptosis through Inhibiting the Akt Pathway
Authors: Guo Chunyan , Zhang Lei , Gao Yaoxing , Sun Junzhi , Fan Lingling , Bai Yuguang , Zhang Jing , Naren Gaowa , Yang Jiwen , Li Libiao
Published: December 2021

Objective. To uncover the protective role of sevoflurane on hypoxia/reoxygenation-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis through the protein kinase B (Akt) pathway. Methods. An in vitro hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) model was established in cardiomyocyte cell line H9c2. Sevoflurane (SEV) was administrated in H9c2 cells during the reoxygenation period. Viability, layered double hydroxide (LDH) release, and apoptosis in H9c2 cells were determined to assess H/R-induced cell damage. Relative levels of apoptosis-associated genes were examined. Moreover, phosphorylation of Akt was determined. Results. H/R injury declined viability and enhanced LDH release and apoptotic rate in H9c2 cells. Cyclooxygenase-2 (Cox-2) was upregulated following H/R injury, which was partially reversed by SEV treatment. In addition, SEV treatment reversed changes in viability and LDH release owing to H/R injury in H9c2 cells, which were further aggravated by overexpression of Cox-2. The Akt pathway was inhibited in H9c2 cells overexpressing Cox-2. Conclusions. Sevoflurane protects cardiomyocyte damage following H/R via the Akt pathway, and its protective effect was abolished by overexpression of Cox-2.
The Traditional Influence on Increasing Acceptance of Commercial Smartphone Applications in Specific Regions of the Arabic World
Authors: Bahaddad Adel A.
Published: December 2021

The consumer sector represents one of the key players in the diffusion of M‐commerce in contemporary societies. Consumers’ traditionalism has a significant impact in determining the appropriate products to offer electronically, as well as in determining the functions and information that should be offered to enable them to make the right decisions at the right time. Many characteristics and requirements in general‐use commercial applications cannot be acceptable for more targeted release if they are not compatible with the target population’s traditional requirements, and therefore, the M‐commerce applications go to complexity level in design because of the socio‐technical systems. This study is conducted in three GCC countries, Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, and Qatar on 799 participant consumers. This study focuses to determine the basic requirements for smartphones’ commercial applications, including the requirements affected by different traditionalism in the studied communities.
Impact of Interest Rate Risk on Supply Chain Network under Bank Credit and Trade Credit Financing
Authors: Zhang Jie , Zhang Zhiying , Liu Yuehui
Published: December 2021

The purpose of this study is to propose a methodology that reflects the impact of interest rate risk on firms in supply chain network under bank financing and trade credit and further describe how trade credit improves the impact of interest rate risk on supply chain network through a financial flow equilibrium. A mean-variance framework and a network equilibrium analysis are integrated to provide a modeling framework. The model allows for the investigation of how bank credit financing (BCF) and trade credit financing (TCF) affect the payment strategy and financial flow of interconnected firms in supply chain networks and how they are affected by interest rate risks. The optimal behavior of manufacturers and retailers is described through variational inequality. We construct a supply chain network equilibrium model and derive qualitative properties of the solution and the function that becomes assimilated to the variational inequality problem. Additionally, variational inequality is solved using the modified projection method. This study extends the research on the impact of interest rate risk on the decision in supply chain network of firms. While other studies focus on the game between banks and firms, only a few authors have made attempts to examine the game between one manufacturer and one retailer in supply chain. An effective trade credit strategy is obtained by balancing cash and credit transactions. Through the case study, we learn how to balance the capital flow effectively to improve the negative impact of interest rate risk on supply chain.
A Regulatable Data Privacy Protection Scheme for Energy Transactions Based on Consortium Blockchain
Authors: Li Yufeng , Chen Yuling , Li Tao , Ren Xiaojun
Published: December 2021

In the blockchain-based energy transaction scenario, the decentralization and transparency of the ledger will cause the users’ transaction details to be disclosed to all participants. Attackers can use data mining algorithms to obtain and analyze users’ private data, which will lead to the disclosure of transaction information. Simultaneously, it is also necessary for regulatory authorities to implement effective supervision of private data. Therefore, we propose a supervisable energy transaction data privacy protection scheme, which aims to trade off the supervision of energy transaction data by the supervisory authority and the privacy protection of transaction data. First, the concealment of the transaction amount is realized by Pedersen commitment and Bulletproof range proof. Next, the combination of ElGamal encryption and zero-knowledge proof technology ensures the authenticity of audit tickets, which allows regulators to achieve reliable supervision of the transaction privacy data without opening the commitment. Finally, the multibase decomposition method is used to improve the decryption efficiency of the supervisor. Experiments and security analysis show that the scheme can well satisfy transaction privacy and auditability.
Effects of the Rates on the Performance and Pressure Pulsations of a High‐Speed Pump with Straight Blade
Authors: Jia Hao , Su Xianghui , Jin Wei
Published: December 2021

Along with the crucial requirement for efficiency improvement in the cutting‐edge petrochemical technology, the evaluation of the dynamic performance characteristics of high‐speed pump is becoming increasingly important. It has become a main topic in the research of high‐speed pump to minimize the pressure pulsation induced by the fluid in the pump body, so as to reduce the mechanical vibration. Although the research on the transient flow characteristic and pressure fluctuation of a high‐speed pump with straight blades is of great significance, it has been seldom explored. In this work, the flow instability of a 16 straight‐blade high‐speed centrifugal pump is studied numerically at a rotational speed of 8500 rpm and flow rate of 3 m3/h. Results show that with the influence of rotor‐stator interaction, time‐domain pressure signals at the tongue show double peak characteristic, whereas a single peak characteristic exists at the diffuser wall. The pressure fluctuation near the tongue is reduced to approximately half of that at the volute wall by the water ring effect accompanied with the high‐pressure factor. At the tongue region, the amplitude of the blade passing frequency is reduced by the unsteady flow, whereas the harmonic wave was increased at 2–4 times of the blade passing frequency.
Esthetic Dentistry on Twitter: Benefits and Dangers
Authors: Salim Nesreen A. , Jubair Fahed , Hassona Yazan M. , Izriqi Sarah , Al-Fuqaha’a Dana
Published: December 2021

Objectives. The demand for esthetic dentistry is growing, and social media constitute the main driving force behind this revolution. Twitter is a leading social media platform; however, there is a lack of research on the pattern of communications and the impact of Twitter on esthetic dentistry. The purpose of this study was to analyze the content of tweets related to esthetic dentistry and to investigate how Twitter has affected the perception of, and demand for, esthetic dentistry. Moreover, it aimed to assess the potential benefits and risks of esthetic dentistry advertising strategies on Twitter as a potential social media platform. Materials and Methods. Using a specialized web scrapping tool made available by the Python programming language, a total of 54,000 public tweets were downloaded from Twitter at real-time by matching specific keywords. The downloaded tweets were manually filtered, and 13,787 tweets were included and categorized into four tweet sets by content. Results. The main categories were tweets regarding specific cosmetic procedure, totaling 56.53% (43.2% for veneers, 13.3% for whitening), advertisements (36.72%), information (5.53%), and general cosmetic dentistry (1.22%). Negative opinions towards veneers and whitening were the most common themes (68.03% and 43.44%). For veneers, illegal use for kids was the most common negative theme (59.7%) and being destructive for whitening (86.3%). Positive opinions counted 6.26% of veneers and 4.3% of whitening tweets. Advertising for whitening products was the second most common between all tweets (16.6%), and advertising for dental practices was the third (14.7%). Presenting facilities/services was the most common marketing strategy for dental practices (49.7%). Twitter was weakly used to circulate educational content (5.5%) and to post reviews (0.75%). Conclusion. Twitter was extensively used to share experiences/opinions towards dental cosmetic interventions. Advertising is another vital use of this platform. However, circulating information was the least common use of this social media. Additionally, tweeters were rarely to post online reviews and specific advices and recommendations regarding esthetic dentistry. Moreover, females tended to participate and tweet more significantly in cosmetic-related topics than males. This platform should be tailored efficiently to target users’ priorities and to improve health literacy and self-care. Twitter was weakly used to circulate educational content according to this study and rarely used to share online reviews.
Integrative Molecular Analyses of an Individual Transcription Factor-Based Genomic Model for Lung Cancer Prognosis
Authors: Yao Rong , Zhou Leilei , Guo Zhongying , Zhang Dahong , Zhang Tiecheng
Published: December 2021

Objective. Precision medicine with molecular profiles has revolutionized the management of lung cancer contributing to improved prognosis. Herein, we aimed to uncover the gene expression profiling of transcription factors (TFs) in lung cancer as well as to develop a TF-based genomic model. Methods. We retrospectively curated lung cancer patients from public databases. Through comparing mRNA expression profiling between lung cancer and normal specimens, specific TFs were determined. Thereafter, a TF genomic model was developed with univariate Cox regression and stepwise multivariable Cox analyses, which was verified through the GSE72094 dataset. Gene set enrichment analyses (GSEA) were presented. Downstream targets of TFs were predicted with ChEA, JASPAR, and MotifMap projects, and their biological significance was investigated through the clusterProfiler algorithm. Results. In the TCGA cohort, we proposed a TF-based genomic model, comprised of SATB2, HLF, and NPAS2. Lung cancer individuals were remarkably stratified into high- and low-risk groups. Survival analyses uncovered that high-risk populations presented unfavorable survival outcomes. ROCs confirmed the excellent predictive potency in patients’ prognosis. Additionally, this model was an independent prognostic indicator in accordance with multivariate analyses. The clinical implication of the model was well verified in an independent dataset. High risk score was in relation to carcinogenic pathways. Downstream targets were characterized by immune and carcinogenic activation. Conclusion. The proposed TF genomic model acts as a promising marker for estimation of lung cancer patients’ outcomes. Prospective research is required for testing the clinical utility of the model in individualized management of lung cancer.
Comparison of Machine Learning Classification Methods for Determining the Geographical Origin of Raw Milk Using Vibrational Spectroscopy
Authors: El Orche Aimen , Mamad Amine , Elhamdaoui Omar , Cheikh Amine , El Karbane Miloud , Bouatia Mustapha
Published: December 2021

One of the significant challenges in the food industry is the determination of the geographical origin, since products from different regions can lead to great variance in raw milk. Therefore, monitoring the origin of raw milk has become very relevant for producers and consumers worldwide. In this exploratory study, midinfrared spectroscopy combined with machine learning classification methods was investigated as a rapid and nondestructive method for the classification of milk according to its geographical origin. The curse of dimensionality makes some classification methods struggle to train efficient models. Thus, principal component analysis (PCA) has been applied to create a smaller set of features. The application of machine learning methods such as PLS-DA, PCA-LDA, SVM, and PCA-SVM demonstrates that the best results are obtained using PLS-DA, PCA-LDA, and PCA-SVM methods which show a correct classification rate (CCR) of 100% for PLS-DA and PCA-LDA and 94.95% for PCA-SVM, whereas the application of SVM without feature extraction gives a low CCR of 66.67%. These findings demonstrate that FT-MIR spectroscopy, combined with machine learning methods, is an efficient and suitable approach to classify the geographical origins of raw milk.
Limb Muscle Reinnervation with the Nerve-Muscle-Endplate Grafting Technique: An Anatomical Feasibility Study
Authors: Mu Liancai , Chen Jingming , Li Jing , Sobotka Stanislaw , Nyirenda Themba
Published: December 2021

Background. Peroneal nerve injuries results in tibialis anterior (TA) muscle paralysis. TA paralysis could cause “foot drop,” a disabling condition that can make walking difficult. As current treatment methods result in poor functional recovery, novel treatment approaches need to be studied. The aim of this study was to explore anatomical feasibility of limb reinnervation with our recently developed nerve-muscle-endplate grafting (NMEG) in the native motor zone (NMZ). Methods. As the NMEG-NMZ technique involves in nerves and motor endplates (MEPs), the nerve supply patterns and locations of the MEP bands within the gastrocnemius (GM) and TA muscles of rats were investigated using Sihler’s stain and whole-mount acetylcholinesterase (AChE) staining, respectively. Five adult rats underwent TA nerve transaction. The denervated TA was reinnervated by transferring an NMEG pedicle from the ipsilateral lateral GM. At the end of a 3-month recovery period, maximal muscle force was measured to document functional recovery. Results. The results showed that the TA was innervated by the deep peroneal nerve. A single MEP band was located obliquely in the middle of the TA. The GM was composed of two neuromuscular compartments, lateral (GM-l) and medial (GM-m), each of which was innervated by a separate nerve branch derived from the tibial nerve and had a vertically positioned MEP band. The locations of MEP bands in the GM and TA muscles and nerve supply patterns demonstrated that an NMEG pedicle can be harvested from the GM-l and implanted into the NMZ within the TA muscle. The NMEG-NMZ pilot study showed that this technique resulted in optimal muscle force recovery. Conclusion. NMEG-NMZ surgery is feasible for limb reinnervation. Specifically, the denervated TA caused by peroneal nerve injuries can be reinnervated with a NMEG from the GM-l.
A Meta-Analysis of the Efficacy of Albumin Paclitaxel versus Docetaxel in the Treatment of Breast Cancer
Authors: Xu Huixin , Li Yue , Guo Jianming , Sui Yuan , Chen Baihui , Li Dalin , Jiang Jiakang
Published: December 2021

Objective. To use meta-analysis to systematically compare the efficacy and adverse reaction rates of albumin paclitaxel and docetaxel in the treatment of breast cancer. Methods. This study included Chinese and English literature studies on clinical controlled studies of albumin paclitaxel and docetaxel in the treatment of breast cancer by searching CNKI, Weipu, Wanfang, PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library. Two researchers participated in the screening of the literature, used the inclusion and exclusion criteria as reference indicators, extracted relevant data, and used the software RevMan5.3 to conduct quality evaluation and meta-analysis of the literature. Results. 4 literature stuides were retrieved that met the inclusion criteria, with 243 study subjects. The included literature had a lower risk of bias. Meta-analysis results showed that compared with the docetaxel group, the protein paclitaxel group had significant differences in objective effective rate (ORR) (OR = 1.56, 95% CI (0.80, 3.03),

P
=
0.19

), complete remission (CR) (OR = 1.79, 95% CI (0.96, 3.35),

P
=
0.07

), partial remission (PR) (OR = 0.88, 95% CI (0.53, 1.47),

P
=
0.62

), nausea (OR = 0.87, 95% CI (0.51, 1.74),

P
=
0.84

), and vomiting (OR = 0.62, 95% CI (0.45, 1.78)

P
=
0.76

). The reason may be that the number of literatures included in this study is small or the sample size is insufficient. However, it had an advantage in the incidence of neutropenia (OR = 0.38, 95% CI (0.16, 0.88),

P
=
0.02

), and the difference between the two groups was statistically significant. Conclusion. Albumin paclitaxel treatment can better reduce the incidence of neutropenia in breast cancer patients and is of great significance to the safety of breast cancer patients.
[Retracted] Modeling on Social Health Literacy Level Prediction
Authors: You Xuemei , Liu Yongdong , Zhang Mingming , Zhang Man , Yu Yangli , Sang Chengge
Published: December 2021

Nowadays, the health level of residents has become the focus of people’s attention. Under the background of the development of health service from “disease‐centered” to “health‐centered,” it is very important to improve the level of urban health and clarify the factors affecting urban health. Therefore, this paper quantifies the relationship between residents’ health literacy level and environment, average life expectancy, infectious disease mortality, and other indicators by selecting appropriate indicators and establishing a mathematical model. Based on the reciprocal linear combination of the collected index data and the corresponding health level value, the prediction model of social health literacy level (SPM) was established, and the qualitative prediction and quantitative analysis of citizens’ health literacy level were studied in depth. Based on the SPM model, we can roughly predict the level of health literacy in a region only based on the main variables identified in this paper. The consistency of the experiment shows that the model is effective and robust, and it reveals that environmental factors are the most important factors affecting residents’ health literacy level. The actual data show that THE SPM model is a timely and reasonable framework to measure the health literacy level of residents.
Revealing the Mechanism of Astragali Radix against Cancer-Related Fatigue by Network Pharmacology and Molecular Docking
Authors: Xie Yi , Zhou Kainan , Wang Yan , Yang Shuhan , Liu Suying , Wang Xueqian , Zhang Ying
Published: December 2021

Background. Cancer-related fatigue (CRF) is an increasingly appreciated complication in cancer patients, which severely impairs their quality of life for a long time. Astragali Radix (AR) is a safe and effective treatment to improve CRF, but the related mechanistic studies are still limited. Objective. To systematically analyze the mechanism of AR against CRF by network pharmacology. Methods. TCMSP was searched to obtain the active compounds and targets of AR. The active compound-target (AC-T) network was established and exhibited by related visualization software. The GeneCards database was searched to acquire CRF targets, and the intersection targets with AR targets were used to make the Venny diagram. The protein-protein interaction (PPI) network of intersection targets was established, and further, the therapeutic core targets were selected by topological parameters. The selected core targets were uploaded to Metascape for GO and KEGG analysis. Finally, AutoDock Vina and PyMOL were employed for molecular docking validation. Results. 16 active compounds of AR were obtained, such as quercetin, kaempferol, 7-O-methylisomucronulatol, formononetin, and isorhamnetin. 57 core targets were screened, such as AKT1, TP53, VEGFA, IL-6, and CASP3. KEGG analysis manifested that the core targets acted on various pathways, including 137 pathways such as TNF, IL-17, and the AGE-RAGE signaling pathway. Molecular docking demonstrated that active compounds docked well with the core targets. Conclusion. The mechanism of AR in treating CRF involves multiple targets and multiple pathways. The present study laid a theoretical foundation for the subsequent research and clinical application of AR and its extracts against CRF.
Moderate Static Magnet Fields Suppress Ovarian Cancer Metastasis via ROS‐Mediated Oxidative Stress
Authors: Song Chao , Yu Biao , Wang Junjun , Ji Xinmiao , Zhang Lei , Tian Xiaofei , Yu Xin , Feng Chuanlin , Wang Xinyu , Zhang Xin
Published: December 2021

Metastasis is the leading cause of cancer patient death, which is closely correlated with reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. It is well known that the effects of ROS on tumors are diverse, depending on ROS concentration and cell type. We found that ovarian cancer cells have significantly lower levels of ROS than normal ovarian cells. Moreover, increased ROS levels in ovarian cancer cells can substantially inhibit their migration and invasion ability. Furthermore, the results show that moderate static magnetic field (SMF) can inhibit ovarian cancer cell migration, invasion, and stemness in a ROS‐dependent manner. RNA sequencing results confirm that SMFs increased the oxidative stress level and reduced the stemness of ovarian cancer cells. Consistently, the expressions of stemness‐related genes were significantly decreased, including hyaluronan receptor (CD44), SRY‐box transcription factor 2 (Sox2), and cell myc proto‐oncogene protein (C‐myc). Furthermore, moderate SMFs provided by a superconducting magnet and permanent magnet have good biosafety and can both inhibit ovarian cancer metastasis in mice. Therefore, our study demonstrates the effects of SMFs on oxidative stress and metastasis in the ovarian cancer cells, which reveals the potential of applying SMF as a physical method in cancer therapy in the future.
Research on In Situ Stress Distribution of the Railway Tunnels in Southwest China Based on the Complete Temperature Compensation Technology
Authors: Ma Weibin , Chai Jinfei , Cai Degou , Du Xiaoyan , Dong Jie , Tian Siming , Zhao Peng , Liu Ziyuan , Cui Wei
Published: December 2021

In situ stress is the natural stress existing in the stratum without engineering disturbance, also known as initial stress, absolute stress, or original rock stress. In order to master the in situ stress of the Manmushu Tunnel and Mamo Tunnel in Southwest China, the casing stress solution method is adopted in this paper. Through the combination of field measurement and laboratory test, the basic data such as initial strain during stress relief are collected, and the in situ stress values are analyzed in combination with indoor temperature compensation test, confining pressure calibration, and relevant rock mechanics tests. The measured results show the following: (1) the maximum horizontal principal stress σh.max ranges from 6.44 MPa to 19.74 MPa; the vertical principal stress σv ranges from 4.11 MPa to 13.48 MPa; and the minimum horizontal principal stress ranges from 4.32 MPa to 11.22 MPa. (2) The maximum horizontal principal stress directions of the five measuring points are all located in the NW direction, which is basically consistent with the maximum principal stress direction of the regional tectonic stress field. The maximum horizontal principal stress (σh.max), the minimum horizontal principal stress (σh.min), and the vertical principal stress (σv) all increase with the increase of buried depth, and the relationship is approximately linear. It is suggested that, in the actual construction process, the construction method and construction parameters should be optimized scientifically and reasonably to reduce the disturbance of blasting on the tunnel surrounding rock. After tunnel excavation, support measures should be taken quickly, timely, and scientifically to reduce and control the deformation of the surrounding rock.
Sports Augmented Cognitive Benefits: An fMRI Study of Executive Function with Go/NoGo Task
Authors: Ding Qingguo , Huang Lina , Chen Jie , Dehghani Farzaneh , Du Juan , Li Yingli , Li Qin , Zhang Hongqiang , Qian Zhen , Shen Wenbin , Yin Xiaowei , Liang Pei
Published: December 2021

Exercise is believed to have significant cognitive benefits. Although an array of experimental paradigms have been employed to test the cognitive effects on exercising individuals, the mechanism as to how exercise induces cognitive benefits in the brain remains unclear. This study explores the effect of dynamic neural network processing with the classic Go/NoGo task with regular exercisers. We used functional magnetic resonance imaging to analyze the brain activation of areas involved in executive function, especially inhibitory control. Nineteen regular joggers and twenty-one subjects as a control group performed the task, and their brain imaging data were analyzed. The results showed that at the attentive visual period, the frontal and parietal areas, including the prefrontal cortex, putamen, thalamus, lingual, fusiform, and caudate, were significantly enhanced in positive activities than the control group. On the other hand, in the following inhibitory control processing period, almost the same areas of the brains of the exercise group have shown stronger negative activation in comparison to the control group. Such dynamic temporal response patterns indicate that sports augment cognitive benefits; i.e., regular jogging increases the brain’s visual attention and inhibitory control capacities.
On Comparative Analysis for the Black-Scholes Model in the Generalized Fractional Derivatives Sense via Jafari Transform
Authors: Rashid Saima , Sultana Sobia , Ashraf Rehana , Kaabar Mohammed K. A.
Published: December 2021

The Black-Scholes model is well known for determining the behavior of capital asset pricing models in the finance sector. The present article deals with the Black-Scholes model via the Caputo fractional derivative and Atangana-Baleanu fractional derivative operator in the Caputo sense, respectively. The Jafari transform is merged with the Adomian decomposition method and new iterative transform method. It is worth mentioning that the Jafari transform is the unification of several existing transforms. Besides that, the convergence and uniqueness results are carried out for the aforesaid model. In mathematical terms, the variety of equations and their solutions have been discovered and identified with various novel features of the projected model. To provide additional context for these ideas, numerous sorts of illustrations and tabulations are presented. The precision and efficacy of the proposed technique suggest its applicability for a variety of nonlinear evolutionary problems.
Factors Associated with Anatomic Failure and Hole Reopening after Macular Hole Surgery
Authors: Li Yutong , Jin Siyan , Shi Lijun , Qin Hecong , Zhao Jinsong
Published: December 2021

A macular hole (MH), particularly an idiopathic macular hole (IMH), is a common cause of central vision loss. Risk factors for nonidiopathic MH include high myopia, cystoid macular edema, inflammation, and trauma. MH is primarily diagnosed using slit-lamp microscopy and optical coherence tomography (OCT). Half of the patients with stage I MHs are treated conservatively and may show spontaneous resolution. The main treatment methods for MHs currently include vitrectomy and stripping of the internal limiting membrane (ILM). However, in some patients, surgery does not lead to anatomical closure. In this review, we summarize the factors influencing the anatomical closure of MHs and analyze the potential underlying mechanisms.