bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Une monnaie démocratiquement partagée entre des démocraties
Authors: Parodi Maxime
Published: February 2019

Le piège dans les débats sur l’Union européenne consiste à penser la démocratie au niveau de l’Union à partir de nos expériences démocratiques nationales. Or l’espace politique européen est tout à fait spécifique, composé d’une multitude de peuples très ouverts les uns aux autres, interagissant massivement ensemble et soumis de ce fait à des conflits d’intérêts transnationaux qui attendent des solutions pacifiques. La démocratie doit donc prendre une forme différente pour tenir compte de cette spécificité. C’est toute l’idée portée par le néologisme de démo i cratie et il permet de reconsidérer d’un œil neuf les notions de déficit démocratique de l’UE et d’incomplétude de l’euro. Le cadre proposé est assez souple et autorise de nombreux arrangements institutionnels, tout en posant des limites. Par exemple, la France porte souvent des propositions centralisatrices et interventionnistes pour sauver ou « compléter » l’euro sans réussir toutefois à résoudre de manière convaincante les problèmes de légitimité démocratique que cela pose. De son côté, l’Allemagne s’oppose régulièrement aux interventions discrétionnaires en faveur de tel ou tel partenaire par crainte que cela n’alimente le risque de hasard moral. Mais, mené à son terme, ce raisonnement aboutit à refuser toute forme de solidarité entre les partenaires. Le soutien à un partenaire n’est envisagé que pour des raisons systémiques, lorsque la crainte d’être soi-même emporté vers le bas finit par s’imposer. Or la perspective démo i cratique défend un principe de solidarité qui refuse de sacrifier une nation au nom de l’efficacité économique supposée d’une politique. La solidarité entre les citoyens de nations voisines ne doit pas être aussi forte qu’entre concitoyens, mais elle doit garantir que chaque nation partenaire a un avenir économique. Les exigences françaises et allemandes devraient pouvoir s’accorder sur le principe d’une telle solidarité : d’un côté, elle réduit le risque de hasard moral de gouvernements en étant suffisamment faible ; de l’autre, elle est indéfectible, de manière à non seulement limiter le risque systémique mais surtout à donner sens à l’idée même d’union, à l’idée que la coopération doit d’abord profiter à tous.
Populisme et gouvernabilité dans la perspective des élections européennes
Authors: Grossman Emiliano
Published: February 2019

La montée en puissance des mouvements et des partis populistes se confirme désormais à chaque élection nationale. De plus en plus souvent, ces partis sont même en mesure de participer au gouvernement. Le discours populiste se distingue plus par la forme, souvent très similaire d’un pays à l’autre, que par un contenu précis. Il est vrai, cependant, que l’Europe ou, plutôt, l’euroscepticisme est devenu une marque de fabrique des partis populistes. Ils profitent de l’absence d’un discours sur l’Europe cohérent du côté des partis de gouvernement. Trop souvent, ces derniers préfèrent entretenir l’ambiguïté sur leurs positions relatives à l’Europe, faisant alors le jeu des discours eurosceptiques et des partis populistes. Le résultat est un discours de plus en plus anti-européen un peu partout, même si la réalité varie fortement d’un pays à l’autre. Dès lors, il se pose la question de l’avenir de l’Europe dans un contexte aussi défavorable. Le président Macron, en mettant l’accent sur l’Europe a éveillé un nouvel espoir chez les défenseurs de l’intégration européenne, même si les contours du projet européen macronien restent flous, à ce jour. Qui plus est, le président français ne pourra pas avancer tout seul, mais les soutiens dans les autres capitales ne sont pas trop audibles. Une vraie réponse exige la fin de l’ambiguïté du discours sur l’Europe et le développement d’un argumentaire positif sur les opportunités et l’avenir de l’Europe qui répond aux inquiétudes des électeurs des partis populistes, tout en soutenant le projet européen.
Une analyse de la contribution de la politique monétaire à la croissance économique
Authors: Blot Christophe , Hubert Paul
Published: February 2019

Cet article a pour objectif d’évaluer la contribution de la politique monétaire à l’activité économique depuis 1999 en zone euro, aux États-Unis et Royaume-Uni, ainsi qu’en Allemagne, France, Italie et Espagne. L’estimation des multiplicateurs monétaires indique un effet significatif de la politique monétaire sur le PIB et confirme des délais de transmission assez longs, de l’ordre de plusieurs trimestres. L’effet d’une hausse des taux d’intérêt semble plus important dans la zone euro qu’aux États-Unis et au Royaume-Uni. Il y a cependant une forte hétérogénéité entre les quatre plus grands pays de la zone euro, avec un effet plus important en Espagne et en Italie et plus faible en Allemagne et en France. Nous calculons ensuite la contribution passée et à venir de la politique monétaire à l’activité. Avec la normalisation de la politique entreprise à partir de 2015 aux États-Unis et probablement en 2019 dans la zone euro, le soutien de la politique monétaire devrait s’atténuer et la croissance pourrait être négativement impactée à l’horizon 2020 dans les six économies avancées.
Les sciences sociales européennes font-elles l’Europe ?
Authors: Boncourt Thibaud
Published: February 2019

Résumé L’Institut universitaire européen (IUE), ouvert en 1976 à Florence, incarne l’ambition de légitimer la construction européenne par la connaissance scientifique. Cet article cherche à comprendre comment ces injonctions politiques se réfractent dans l’activité scientifique de l’IUE, à identifier le type de savoirs produits à l’institut et à comprendre leur contribution à la structuration d’une archive européenne. À partir d’une étude de l’histoire du département de sciences politiques et sociales (SPS) sur la base d’archives diversifiées, il montre la manière dont s’impose au département une science politique béhavioraliste, quantitative et comparative de l’Europe. L’histoire de cette victoire paradigmatique met en évidence l’un des mécanismes par lesquels se structurent certaines des approches aujourd’hui centrales pour les études européennes.
L’impossible doctrine européenne du service public
Authors: Vay Mélanie
Published: February 2019

Résumé Cet article explore un recoin délaissé de l’Archive européenne, à savoir l’étonnant échec de la bipartition « public »-« privé » (pourtant si structurante à l’échelon national) à prendre racine dans les catégories d’entendement dominantes du « projet européen ». En repartant des conflits historiques des débuts de la Communauté européenne autour des notions d’« entreprise publique » et de « service d’intérêt économique général » (Sieg), on retrace l’impossible formation d’une doctrine européenne du service public, dans un contexte où le secteur étatique et para-étatique est pourtant florissant dans les six pays fondateurs. Observer la trajectoire de ces labels dominés permet de mieux comprendre comment s’est construite initialement la doxa économique européenne, mais aussi les savoirs qui ont été oubliés, dans l’« Archive » plus large de l’Europe.
Study on the effect of activated carbon with bleaching earth on the reduction of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in bleached soybean oil
Authors: Aliyar-Zanjani N. , Piravi-Vanak Z. , Ghavami M.
Published: February 2019

Considering the importance of bleaching earth with activated carbon for reducing the Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) as an important chemical contaminant, this study was conducted to confirm the effects of the bleaching process on the reduction or elimination of the BαP index and 4 PAH (BαA, CHR, BβF, BαP) contents in soybean oil. The bleaching process was carried out with different amounts of bleaching earth (1% w/w) and activated carbon (0.1% up to 0.5% w/w). A HPLC/FLD device was employed to determine the PAHs in the oil samples after undergoing extraction and clean-up procedures. The results of linearity indicated that there was a linear response with high linear regression coefficients of determination for all the 4 PAHs analyzed. (R2 > 0.9950). Furthermore, the recovery percentage was calculated from 83.8% to 106.2%; LOD and LOQ were 0.06–0.2 μgkg−1 and 0.2–0.61 μgkg−1, respectively. An analysis of the PAH contents indicated that the bleaching process, including a 0.27% to 0.5% w/w activated carbon application led to the elimination of the PAH content. Since vegetable oils have been shown to be the major sources of PAHs in the diet, the industrial use of activated carbon during the bleaching of vegetable oils is highly recommended.
Shelf-life of traditionally-seasoned Aloreña de Málaga table olives based on package appearance and fruit characteristics
Authors: Romero-Gil V. , Rodríguez-Gómez F. , Ruiz-Bellido M. Á. , Benítez Cabello A. , Garrido-Fernández A. , Arroyo-López F. N.
Published: February 2019

Few studies have been carried out to determine the shelf-life of the Aloreña de Málaga table olive packaging from a physicochemical, microbiological and sensorial point of view. This study showed that under the current packaging conditions, commercial products were free from Enterobacteriaceae, the initial yeast population was progressively inhibited, and only lactic acid bacteria grew during shelf-life. Among the physicochemical characteristics, pH decreased, lactic acid was formed while citric acid and mannitol were consumed. These changes resulted in gradual olive texture degradation and green color fading during packaging. A multivariate analysis showed that the packaged olives with storage time between 6 and 42 days enjoyed the highest acceptance; while after the 74th day, they were progressively losing acceptability, which was mainly evident at the 131st day of packaging (willingness-to-buy attribute was reduced to 50%). A complete microbiological stabilization would require the use of alternative preservatives since thermal treatment is not convenient for this type of olive speciality.
La construction contemporaine du problème de la traite des êtres humains au Brésil
Authors: Dias Guilherme Mansur
Published: February 2019

Cet article présente une lecture du processus d’arrivée et de diffusion de l’agenda anti-traite dans le contexte brésilien de 2000 à 2016, soit une période allant de la signature par l’ONU du Protocole de Palerme en 2000, à l’approbation de la loi brésilienne 13.344 de 2016 concernant les crimes de traite des personnes. Les actions de lutte contre la traite des personnes ont pris de l’ampleur à l’échelle mondiale après la ratification du Protocole de Palerme par un grand nombre de pays. Au Brésil, le thème a été présenté comme prioritaire par certaines organisations internationales et il a également été mobilisé par les autorités et les responsables politiques de différents partis, ainsi que par des groupes très hétérogènes de la société civile. L’article interroge ainsi pourquoi et comment un programme de lutte contre la traite des personnes a pu devenir une priorité pour le pouvoir exécutif, législatif et judiciaire, et par quels moyens il s’est diffusé en mobilisant une grande variété d’acteurs de la société brésilienne.
Burkitt lymphoma: Trends in children below 15 years reveal priority areas for early diagnosis activities in north-west Cameroon
Authors: Afungchwi Glenn M. , Hesseling Peter B. , Achu Paul , Bardin Richard , Kouya Francine
Published: February 2019

Background: Burkitt lymphoma is one of the most common childhood cancers in Cameroon. Incidence rates of 5.9/100 000 and 2.58 per 100 000 have been reported in two studies in 2005 and 2012 amongst children below 15 years in the North-West Region.Aim: This study seeks to examine how Burkitt lymphoma incidence has varied between the various health districts of north-west Cameroon from 2003 to 2015.Setting: North-West region of Cameroon.Method: Ethics approval was obtained from the relevant university and Health Services Institutional Review Board. Population data was obtained from the regional delegation of public health. The Paediatric Oncology Networked Database registry from two hospitals and two pathology-based registries were reviewed for cases per year from the various districts. Age-standardised incidence rates were computed for all districts by year using the World Health Organizaion world standard populations.Results: A total of 317 cases were registered. Overall age-standardised incidence rate was 3.07 per 100 000. Annual incidence ranged from 0.09 in 2003 to 6.12 in 2010. The districts with the highest incidence rates for the entire study period include Nwa with 10.54; Ndop with 5.63; Benakuma with 5.48; Ako with 4.97; and Nkambe with 4.73.Conclusion: Clustering of Burkitt lymphoma is seen in the region, with the highest incidence in Nwa, Ndop, Benakuma, Ako and Nkambe. These districts should be prioritised for awareness creation campaigns. There is need for a population-based childhood cancer registry in the region, which will use both active and passive surveillance methods to record all childhood cancer cases.
Harmonising plant functional type distributions for evaluating Earth system models
Authors: Dallmeyer Anne , Claussen Martin , Brovkin Victor
Published: February 2019

Abstract. Dynamic vegetation models simulate global vegetation in terms of
fractional coverage of a few plant functional types (PFTs). Although these
models often share the same concept, they differ with respect to the number
and kind of PFTs, complicating the comparability of simulated vegetation
distributions. Pollen-based vegetation reconstructions are initially only
available in the form of time series of individual taxa that are not
distinguished in the models. Thus, to evaluate simulated vegetation
distributions, the modelling results and pollen-based vegetation
reconstructions have to be converted into a comparable format. The classical
approach is the method of biomisation, but hitherto PFT-based biomisation
methods were only available for individual models. We introduce and evaluate
a simple, universally applicable technique to harmonise PFT distributions by
assigning them into nine mega-biomes, using only assumptions on the minimum
PFT cover fractions and few bioclimatic constraints (based on the
2 m temperature). These constraints mainly follow the limitation rules used in
the classical biome models (here BIOME4). We test the method for six
state-of-the-art dynamic vegetation models that are included in Earth system
models based on pre-industrial, mid-Holocene and Last Glacial Maximum
simulations. The method works well, independent of the spatial resolution or
the complexity of the models. Large biome belts (such as tropical forest) are
generally better represented than regionally confined biomes (warm–temperate
forest, savanna). The comparison with biome distributions inferred via the
classical biomisation approach of forcing biome models (here BIOME1) with
the simulated climate states shows that the PFT-based biomisation is even
able to keep up with the classical method. However, as the new method
considers the PFT distributions actually calculated by the Earth system models, it allows for a direct comparison and evaluation of simulated
vegetation distributions which the classical method cannot do. Thereby, the
new method provides a powerful tool for the evaluation of Earth system models
in general.
A single-column ocean biogeochemistry model (GOTM–TOPAZ) version 1.0
Authors: Jung Hyun-Chae , Moon Byung-Kwon , Wie Jieun , Park Hyei-Sun , Lee Johan , Byun Young-Hwa
Published: February 2019

Abstract. Recently, Earth system models (ESMs) have begun to
consider the marine ecosystem to reduce errors in climate simulations.
However, many models are unable to fully represent the ocean-biology-induced
climate feedback, which is due in part to significant bias in the simulated
biogeochemical properties. Therefore, we developed the Generic Ocean
Turbulence Model–Tracers of Phytoplankton with Allometric Zooplankton
(GOTM–TOPAZ), a single-column ocean biogeochemistry model that can be used
to improve ocean biogeochemical processes in ESMs. This model was developed
by combining GOTM, a single-column model that can simulate the physical
environment of the ocean, and TOPAZ, a biogeochemical module. Here, the
original form of TOPAZ has been modified and modularized to allow easy
coupling with other physical ocean models. To demonstrate interactions
between ocean physics and biogeochemical processes, the model was designed
to allow ocean temperature to change due to absorption of visible light by
chlorophyll in phytoplankton. We also added a module to reproduce upwelling
and the air–sea gas transfer process for oxygen and carbon dioxide,
which are of particular importance for marine ecosystems. The simulated
variables (e.g., chlorophyll, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus, silicon) of
GOTM–TOPAZ were evaluated by comparison against observations. The temporal
variability in the observed upper-ocean (0–20 m) chlorophyll is well
captured by the GOTM–TOPAZ with a correlation coefficient of 0.53 at point 107 in the Sea of Japan. The
surface correlation coefficients among GOTM–TOPAZ oxygen, nitrogen,
phosphorus, and silicon are 0.47, 0.31, 0.16, and 0.19, respectively. We
compared the GOTM–TOPAZ simulations with those from MOM–TOPAZ and found that
GOTM–TOPAZ showed relatively lower correlations, which is most likely due to
the limitations of the single-column model.
Results also indicate that source–sink terms may contribute to the biases in
the surface layer (<60 m), while initial values are important for
realistic simulations in the deep sea (>250 m). Despite this
limitation, we argue that our GOTM–TOPAZ model is a good starting point for
further investigation of key biogeochemical processes and is also useful to
couple complex biogeochemical processes with various oceanic global
circulation models.
Present-climate trends and variability in thermohaline properties of
the northern Adriatic shelf
Authors: Vilibić Ivica , Zemunik Petra , Šepic Jadranka , Dunić Natalija , Marzouk Oussama , Mihanović Hrvoje , Denamiel Clea , Precali Robert , Djakovac Tamara
Published: February 2019

Abstract. The paper documents seasonality, interannual to decadal variability and trends in temperature, salinity and density over a transect in the shallow northern Adriatic Sea (Mediterranean Sea) between 1979 and 2017. Amplitude of seasonality decreases with depth, and is much larger in temperature and density than in salinity. Interannual to decadal variability in temperature and salinity are differently correlated in surface and bottom layers, indicating different mechanisms which govern their variability. Trends in temperature are large (up to 6 °C over 100 years), significant through the area and not sensitive to the sampling interval and time series length. In contrast, trends in salinity are largely weak and insignificant and depend on the time series length. The warming of the area is stronger during spring and summer. Such large temperature trends and their spatial variability indicate substantial changes in the thermohaline circulation in this area known as a dense water formation site, with a potential to affect biogeochemical and ecological properties of the whole Adriatic Sea.
Mapping pan-Arctic landfast sea ice stability using Sentinel-1 interferometry
Authors: Dammann Dyre O. , Eriksson Leif E. B. , Mahoney Andrew R. , Eicken Hajo , Meyer Franz J.
Published: February 2019

Abstract. Arctic landfast sea ice has undergone substantial changes in recent
decades, affecting ice stability and including potential impacts on ice
travel by coastal populations and on industry ice roads. We present a novel
approach for evaluating landfast sea ice stability on a pan-Arctic scale
using Synthetic Aperture Radar Interferometry (InSAR). Using Sentinel-1
images from spring 2017, we discriminate between bottomfast, stabilized, and
nonstabilized landfast ice over the main marginal seas of the Arctic Ocean
(Beaufort, Chukchi, East Siberian, Laptev, and Kara seas). This approach
draws on the evaluation of relative changes in interferometric fringe
patterns. This first comprehensive assessment of Arctic bottomfast sea ice
extent has revealed that most of the bottomfast sea ice is situated around
river mouths and coastal shallows. The Laptev and East Siberian seas dominate
the aerial extent, covering roughly 4100 and 5100 km2, respectively. These seas also contain the largest
extent of stabilized and nonstabilized landfast ice, but are subject to the
largest uncertainties surrounding the mapping scheme. Even so, we demonstrate
the potential for using InSAR for assessing the stability of landfast ice in
several key regions around the Arctic, providing a new understanding of how
stability may vary between regions. InSAR-derived stability may serve for
strategic planning and tactical decision support for different uses of
coastal ice. In a case study of the Nares Strait, we demonstrate that
interferograms may reveal early-warning signals for the breakup of stationary
sea ice.
Thaw processes in ice-rich permafrost landscapes represented with laterally coupled tiles in a land surface model
Authors: Aas Kjetil S. , Martin Léo , Nitzbon Jan , Langer Moritz , Boike Julia , Lee Hanna , Berntsen Terje K. , Westermann Sebastian
Published: February 2019

Abstract. Earth
system models (ESMs) are our primary tool for projecting future climate
change, but their ability to represent small-scale land surface processes is
currently limited. This is especially true for permafrost landscapes in which
melting of excess ground ice and subsequent subsidence affect lateral
processes which can substantially alter soil conditions and fluxes of heat,
water, and carbon to the atmosphere. Here we demonstrate that dynamically
changing microtopography and related lateral fluxes of snow, water, and heat
can be represented through a tiling approach suitable for implementation in
large-scale models, and we investigate which of these lateral processes are
important to reproduce observed landscape evolution. Combining existing
methods for representing excess ground ice, snow redistribution, and lateral
water and energy fluxes in two coupled tiles, we show that the model approach
can simulate observed degradation processes in two very different permafrost
landscapes. We are able to simulate the transition from low-centered to
high-centered polygons, when applied to polygonal tundra in the cold,
continuous permafrost zone, which results in (i) a more realistic
representation of soil conditions through drying of elevated features and
wetting of lowered features with related changes in energy fluxes, (ii) up to
2 ∘C reduced average permafrost temperatures in the current
(2000–2009) climate, (iii) delayed permafrost degradation in the future
RCP4.5 scenario by several decades, and (iv) more rapid degradation through
snow and soil water feedback mechanisms once subsidence starts. Applied to
peat plateaus in the sporadic permafrost zone, the same two-tile system can
represent an elevated peat plateau underlain by permafrost in a surrounding
permafrost-free fen and its degradation in the future following a moderate
warming scenario. These results demonstrate the importance of representing
lateral fluxes to realistically simulate both the current permafrost state
and its degradation trajectories as the climate continues to warm.
Implementing laterally coupled tiles in ESMs could improve the representation
of a range of permafrost processes, which is likely to impact the simulated
magnitude and timing of the permafrost–carbon feedback.
Environmental Awareness of Teacher Candidates
Authors: Ergin Demirali Yaşar
Published: February 2019

The aim of this research was to determine the environmental awareness of teacher candidates. According to this aimthe research was carried out with a total of 532 students randomly selected from all departments of Trakya UniversityFaculty of Education and Pedagogical Formation program students during the fall semester of 2016-2017.“Environmental Awareness Scale" prepared by the researcher was used as data collection tool. The scale consists of71 items with a rating of 4. For each sub-scale, the internal consistency was determined by calculating the item-totalcorrelation coefficient and item-remainder correlation coefficient. In the same way, t-test between the upper quartileand the lower quartile was applied to detect the discrimination power of the items. For the scale and sub-scales, thereliability was determined by calculating the Cronbach and Rulon coefficients. It was determined that the scaleconsisting of 3 factors was valid, reliable and usable after statistical procedures. High scores in all items and factorsindicate positive environmental awareness.A questionnaire consisting of 19 questions prepared by the researcher was used to collect data about the independentvariables of the research. The questionnaire contains questions about nature love as well as demographiccharacteristics such as gender and age. The statistical analysis of data featured t test, variance analysis and LSDmethods for Post hoc analysis to determine the source of variation. In this research, generally it was found that theenvironmental awareness of the candidate teachers was very high.
Legal aspects of hybrid warfare in Ukraine
Authors: Parulski Krzysztof
Published: February 2019

The article looks at the conflict taking place in Ukraine since 2014 and characterises its nature as hybrid warfare. The author examines documents of international and humanitarian law, as well as the reactions to described events from international perspective. Questions are raised concerning the adequacy of current legal solutions in the face of evolution of war itself. [The English version of this article is based on: K. Parulski, Wojna hybrydowa w świetle prawa międzynarodowego ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem międzynarodowego prawa humanitarnego. Konflikt zbrojny na Ukrainie jako główne studium przypadku, ‘Międzynarodowe Prawo Humanitarne’, vol. VII, Akademia Marynarki Wojennej, Gdynia 2016 (submitted for publication).]
Evolution of military information management
Authors: Mattila Juha , Parkinson Simon
Published: February 2019

The paper focuses on information dimension in the structure of Information and Communication Technology architecture and searches for better models to describe the structure of blue force information, especially from Enterprise Architecture (EA) approach. Enterprise Architecture has been developed better to communicate the complex structures of military capabilities. Major EA frameworks (TOGAF, DODAF, NAF) recognize the layer of information between business and technology. Nevertheless, in practice, the focus tends to turn more to the technology as has happened in several Command, Control, Communications, Computing, Information, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance (C4ISR) or Enterprise Resource Management (ERM) programs. The paper develops a tool for architects to use in measuring the maturity of information management in the current military organization and in defining the possible paths of evolution in information management available for military. The outcome is a roadmap that describes the evolution of past and probable future for military information management and explains different drivers and constraints on roads. The roadmap is tested against experiences gained from several C4ISR, and ERM focused military transformations. The overall research approach is following the hypothetico-deductive model, and the roadmap part is applying the theory of evolution in sociotechnical systems. Since information is essential for cognitive level sense making, decision making, and learning, Enterprise Architects should include information maturity in their roadmaps of technical and business process development. The roadmap for military information management is to help the analysing of the current situation and provide possible paths towards future stages aligned through business, information, and technical layers.
¿Mundo fenoménico de la Sorge o mundo de la praxis humana? La crítica de Karel Kosík a la analítica existencial de Martin Heidegger
Authors: Magnet Colomer Jordi
Published: February 2019

El filósofo checo Karel Kosík (1926-2003) llevó a cabo en su obra una recepción crítica del pensamiento de Martin Heidegger. En determinados capítulos de Dialéctica de lo concreto (1963), así como en otros ensayos tardíos, elaboró una crítica de la analítica existencial heideggeriana, principalmente a la concepción de la estructura del ser del Dasein como “preocupación” o “cuidado” (Sorge). Nos ocupamos aquí de dilucidar el sentido y el alcance de esta crítica a Ser y tiempo(1927).
Disposiciones y puntos de vista causales
Authors: Álvarez Toledo Sebastián
Published: February 2019

Este artículo, aunque no trata directamente del tema de los puntos de vista, tiene como trasfondo la relación entre puntos de vista compatibles y complementarios. El artículo trata sobre la importancia ontológica de las propiedades disposicionales, y, en defensa de su eficacia causal, subraya las diferencias entre dos puntos de vista sobre la causalidad, el propio de la causalidad eficiente, que es el habitual, y el correspondiente a la causalidad estructural, concluyendo que las disposiciones se identifican con causas estructurales. Aunque ambos puntos de vista son solo distintos y se complementan, surgen significativos conflictos entre ellos.
VÁZQUEZ, Margarita y LIZ, Manuel (eds.) (2015): Temporal points of View. Subjective and Objective Aspects. Heidelberg: Springer.
Authors: Garrido Rodríguez Natividad
Published: February 2019

Reseña del libro: Temporal Points of View. Subjective and Objective Aspects, editado por Margariza Vázquez Campos y Manuel Liz Guitiérrez.
Spatial near future modeling of land use and land cover changes in the temperate forests of Mexico
Authors: Prieto-Amparán Jesús A , Villarreal-Guerrero Federico , Martínez-Salvador Martin , Manjarrez-Domínguez Carlos , Vázquez-Quintero Griselda , Pinedo-Alvarez Alfredo
Published: February 2019

The loss of temperate forests of Mexico has continued in recent decades despite wide recognition of their importance to maintaining biodiversity. This study analyzes land use/land cover change scenarios, using satellite images from the Landsat sensor. Images corresponded to the years 1990, 2005 and 2017. The scenarios were applied for the temperate forests with the aim of getting a better understanding of the patterns in land use/land cover changes. The Support Vector Machine (SVM) multispectral classification technique served to determine the land use/land cover types, which were validated through the Kappa Index. For the simulation of land use/land cover dynamics, a model developed in Dinamica-EGO was used, which uses stochastic models of Markov Chains, Cellular Automata and Weight of Evidences. For the study, a stationary, an optimistic and a pessimistic scenario were proposed. The projections based on the three scenarios were simulated for the year 2050. Five types of land use/land cover were identified and evaluated. They were primary forest, secondary forest, human settlements, areas without vegetation and water bodies. Results from the land use/land cover change analysis show a substantial gain for the secondary forest. The surface area of the primary forest was reduced from 55.8% in 1990 to 37.7% in 2017. Moreover, the three projected scenarios estimate further losses of the surface are for the primary forest, especially under the stationary and pessimistic scenarios. This highlights the importance and probably urgent implementation of conservation and protection measures to preserve these ecosystems and their services. Based on the accuracy obtained and, on the models generated, results from these methodologies can serve as a decision tool to contribute to the sustainable management of the natural resources of a region.
Indeks Massa Tubuh dan Waktu Terjadinya Konversi Sputum pada Pasien Tuberkulosis Paru BTA Positif di RSUP Persahabatan Tahun 2012
Authors: Tama Tika Dwi , Adisasmita Asri C , Burhan Erlina
Published: February 2019

Lebih dari 50% pasien tuberkulosis memiliki indeks massa tubuh (IMT) yang rendah. Rendahnya IMT dapat memperburuk respon pengobatan dan memperbesar risiko gagal pengobatan. Studi kohort retrospektif ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui hubungan IMT dengan konversi sputum pada pasien tuberkulosis paru BTA positif. Studi dilakukan pada Desember 2013-Januari 2014 di poli paru RSUP Persahabatan dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 120 pasien (60 pasien dengan IMT < 18,5 kg/m2 dan 60 pasien dengan IMT >18,5 kg/m2). Sampel diambil secara konsekutif. Probabilitas kumulatif gagal konversi pada pasien tuberkulosis paru BTA positif adalah 17% dan 9,2% pasien mengalami gagal konversi. Pasien tuberkulosis paru BTA positif dengan IMT < 18,5 kg/m2 (24,4%) memiliki probabilitas kumulatif gagal konversi yang lebih besar dibanding pasien dengan IMT > 18,5 kg/m2 (9,3%). Pada pasien dengan IMT < 18,5 kg/m2, hazard rate konversi sputum semakin rendah jika peningkatan berat badan yang dialami pasien di akhir tahap intensif < 1 kg dibandingkan dengan pasien yang mengalami peningkatan berat badan > 1 kg. Analisis Regresi Cox menunjukkan bahwa IMT < 18,5 kg/m2 menurunkan peluang terjadinya konversi sebesar 37,8% (HR 0,622; 95% CI 0,389-0,995) setelah dikontrol kategori pengobatan, peningkatan berat badan di akhir tahap intensif, dan hasil sputum di awal pengobatan. Status gizi pasien selama pengobatan perlu ditingkatkan untuk menunjang keberhasilan pengobatan.Kata kunci: Indeks masa tubuh, konversi sputum, RSUP Persahabatan, tuberkulosis paru
Determinant of timely hepatitis B zero dose immunization in East Lombok, West Nusa Tenggara
Authors: Machmud Putri Bungsu , Gayatri Dwi , Wahyono Tri Yunis Miko
Published: February 2019

Hepatitis B remains as one of health problem in the world. The results of several studies related to factors in predicting of timely hepatitis B immunization were still inconsistent. Aim of this study is to identify determinant of timely hepatitis B zero dose immunization in East Lombok. We used cross sectional design study derived from immunization coverage survey at six districts/cities in 2013. A Total of 227 children aged 12 to 23 months who already got immunization of hepatitis B zero dose and well documented were included as samples in this study. Timely immunization was defined based on the distance between time of birth and time of received hepatitis B immunization (zero dose) that is within 24 hours after birth. Data was analyzed using Chi-square and Logistic regression in multivariate level. The result of this study showed only 60.4% of children were get timely hepatitis B zero dose immunization. Mother’s behavior agains immunization program is the only factor that can predict the timely hepatitis B zero dose immunization (P-value 0.007 CI 95% 1.94-3.62). Meanwhile, other factors i.e. sex, socio-economic status, parent’s education, knowledge and attitude of mother and place of immunization service have not able to predict the outcome, statistically. The stakeholder should improve the optimal exsisting services, which will be impact to maternal behavior in immunization programe.Keywords : Immunization, Hepatitis Zero dose, Timely
Contamination and Environmental Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Sediments of Dobczyce Reservoir and Its Tributaries – a Literature Review
Authors: Zemełka Gabriela
Published: February 2019

Most transported particles released from a catchment area are deposited and accumulated in the sediment layers of water reservoirs. Along with mineral particles, contaminants originating from human activity and natural processes are added to such aquatic systems (e.g., heavy metals). This is an especially important issue when a reservoir is being used as a source of drinking water. The main aim of this study was the environmental risk assessment of the sediment in the Dobczyce Reservoir and two of its tributaries (the Raba River and Wolni- ca Stream) during the years of 2004–2007 and 2016, 2017. Substantial variations in heavy metals were found due to the land use and catchment management. The potential ecological risk showed an uneven distribution, and the overall ecological risk level ranged from low to moderate.
Morphological Description and Culm Anatomy in the Identification of Kyllinga Rottb. (Cyperaceae) from Some Parts of Nigeria
Authors: Chimezie Ekeke, , Alozie Ogazie, Chinedum
Published: February 2019

Comparative culm anatomical and morphological descriptions of 12 taxa of Kyllinga collected from different parts of Nigeria were carried out to enhance the identification of the taxa. The number of flower-head vary from 1 – 6 while the sizes vary from the flower-head in K. erecta, K. erecta var. erecta, K. erecta var. polyphylla and K. peruviana is one, K. odorata, K. nemoralis, and K. pumila 1-4, K. erecta var. africana 4, K. tenuifolia 3-4 and K. brevifolia 1-3. K. erecta var. erecta has 2-3 bracts, K. erecta 3-4, K. erecta var. polyphylla 5-6, K. odorata 3-6, K. nemoralis 4-6, K. pumila 1-5, K. bulbosa 5 and K. peruviana 3. The leaf sheaths are partly wrapped to the culm in K. nemoralis, K. odorata, and K. pumila; completely wrapped with overlap in K. erecta var. erecta and K. peruviana and completely wrapped without overlap in other species. K. pumila, K. tenuifolia, and K. erecta var. africana rhizomes are partly erect. K. nemoralis trails on the soil surface while the remaining trail beneath the ground. The culm anatomy in transverse view is triangular (K. erecta, K. erecta var. erecta, K. erecta var. polyphylla and K. bulbosa), triangular-hexagonal (K. nemoralis, K. erecta var. africana, K. odorata and K. tenuifolia), triangular-polygonal (K. brevifolia) or oval-circular (K. pumila and K. peruviana) with aggregation of vascular bundles on the peripheral and inner portions of the culm. K. erecta has 2-layers of vascular bundles, K. peruviana 4-layers of vascular bundles while others have 3-layers of vascular bundles. The number of flower-head, sizes, bract number, and culm anatomy were observed to be diagnostic among these species.
Primary Malignant Melanoma of Brainstem Medulla Mimicking as Cavernoma – Case Report
Authors: Naeem Adnan , Mubarak Fatima
Published: February 2019

Aim of this case report is to present a rare case of primary malignant melanoma of brain stem at the region of medulla oblongata mimicking as cavernoma. 40-year-old male presented with vertigo, headache, dizziness for 1 month. MRI showed pear shaped T1 hyperintense lesion at medulla oblongata and predominantly hypointense on T2 with focal area of hemorrhage. Lesion showed diffuse enhancement on postcontrast images. On plain CT lesion was Hyperdense. It was initially reported as Cavernoma. Surgical excision of lesion was done with per-op findings of solid, dark maroon colored lesion with hemorrhage. Histopathology showed neoplastic lesion with abundant melanin pigment deposition. The lesion was finally diagnosed as Malignant neoplasm with features favoring Malignant Melanoma.
Analysis of Non-Performing Loans (NPL) among Microfinance Institutions (MFIs) in Ghana: Evidence from the Kasoa Municipality
Authors: Arhin Emmanuel , Issifu Ramatu , Akyeampong Benard , Opoku Isaac Nana
Published: February 2019

The contributions of Micro-Finance Institutions (MFIs) to the Ghanaian economy can never be overemphasised. However, most of these institutions are faced with various challenges including non-payment of loans which constantly affect their operations and subsequently survival. As such, the study hinged on determining the non-performing loan (NPL) situations of Micro-Finance Institutions (MFIs) in Ghana focusing on four firms within the Kasoa metropolis, Central Region. The principal objective of the study was to determine the non-performing loan situations of 4 MFIs. The study adopted the both quantitative and qualitative approach and obtained a sample from 10 MFIs using the convenient (haphazard) sampling technique. The respondents comprised a branch manager, an executive director and two credit managers from each MFI. The data gathered were analysed using descriptive tools such as frequency table, bar charts and pie chart. The data was also analysed using narrations. Primary data collection instruments, specifically questionnaires were employed to gather data from the respondents. The study revealed the categories of loans existing in MFIs as well as those usually applied for, the factors accounting for non-performing loans, management of non-performing loans, sources of incomes and profits, impact of NPL on firms’ operations. The study concluded that NPLs is a challenge for MFIs especially those in Kasoa metropolis. Recommendations made were that, The MFIs should make conscious efforts to pursue the implementation of the existing safeguards as it will help address the NPL situation, Clients granted loans should be monitored to ensure that loans are used for intended purposes, Training programs should be organised to adequately equip staff that engage in granting and recovery of loans, There should be good client profiling to identify the economic conditions of clients, this will aid the charging of appropriate interest rate that will enhance loan repayment.
ATITUDES, HABILIDADES E ASPIRAÇÕES NO ECOSSISTEMA DE EMPREENDEDORISMO DA AMÉRICA LATINA
Authors: Reis Diego Araujo , Aragão Iracema
Published: February 2019

O debate acerca do ecossistema de empreendedorismo vem sendo intensificado em vários países, inclusive nos países latino-americanos. A identificação dos principais gargalos, a partir dos índices que mensuram o ecossistema empreendedor inovador, oportuniza aos países estabelecerem políticas específicas para o fomento e fortalecimento de seus ecossistemas. Este trabalho tem como objetivo analisar a relação entre as atitudes, as habilidades e as aspirações empreendedoras na América Latina, entre 2014 e 2018. Com base nos dados obtidos nos relatórios do Global Entrepreneurship Index (GEI), foram aplicados métodos estatísticos de correlação e teste de correlacionamento. Em síntese, é possível identificar a presença de uma relação significativa entre atitudes, habilidades e aspirações no ecossistema de empreendedorismo latino-americano.
DESAFIOS EM HARMONIZAR OS INSTRUMENTOS OFICIAIS DO INSTITUTO FEDERAL DO PARÁ E AS LEGISLAÇÕES VIGENTES NO QUE CONCERNE À GESTÃO DA INOVAÇÃO E PROPRIEDADE INTELECTUAL.
Authors: Barata Rodrigo Pereira , Carvalho Tecia Vieira
Published: February 2019

Na atual conjuntura das políticas de inovação tecnológicas, propriedade intelectual e transferência de tecnologia, o Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência, e Tecnologia do Pará (IFPA), vive um paradoxo que envolve os documentos institucionais e a legislação vigente. O presente artigo é baseado em uma pesquisa realizada nos Projetos Pedagógicos de curso (PPCs), editais de pesquisa e inovação, política de inovação e outras resoluções aprovadas pelo conselho superior do IFPA, com objetivo de apresentar e discutir o arcabouço legal que envolve à produção acadêmica. Foram estudadas as principais legislações sobre inovação e propriedade intelectual e os aspectos que envolvem as políticas da instituição. Contudo, evidenciou se que os documentos institucionais atuais, promovem uma incongruência entre legislação vigente e tais instrumentos. Assim, se faz necessária a discussão de ajustes que possam minimizar esses impactos, aprimorando os documentos institucionais e para a valorização da atividade de ensino, pesquisa, extensão e inovação no IFPA.
ENERGIA EÓLICA NA BAHIA – SEUS PARQUES E SUA CONTRIBUIÇÃO PARA A MATRIZ ENERGÉTICA DO ESTADO
Authors: Carvalho Soares Thiago Messias , Campos Cidinei Paulo
Published: February 2019

O presente artigo tem por objetivo apresentar a energia eólica e sua contribuição para a matriz energética do estado da Bahia para fornecimento de energia elétrica. Em face dos problemas ambientais, à incidência nos últimos anos de períodos de seca, principalmente aqui no Brasil, tem havido o comprometimento de energia elétrica oriundas das hidroelétricas. Assim, o uso de fontes energéticas renováveis, como no caso da energia eólica, tem demonstrado ser uma alternativa viável e, sobretudo, limpa, causando menor impacto ambiental. Para este estudo, foram levantados dados nos órgãos competentes (ANEEL, CHESF, ABEEólica, dentre outros) que mostram que em 2013 a contribuição para o sistema energético baiano de 3,36% de megawatts gerados eram oriundos da força dos ventos e que projeções indicam que já em 2020 o estado superará os demais, alcançando 5,9 Giga Watts. Ademais, o território da Bahia favorecido pela qualidade e quantidade de seus ventos combinado com as características do sistema eólico criam um cenário ideal para expansão e investimentos em energia eólica.
PROSPECÇÃO TECNOLÓGICA DE PATENTES RELATIVAS A PROTEASES NA PRODUÇÃO DE QUEIJOS
Authors: Lima Amanda Dias Da Rocha , Farias Vilmara Albuquerque de , David de Oliveira Hermógenes
Published: February 2019

Este trabalho objetivou avaliar a inovação no uso de proteases na indústria de alimentos, especialmente na fabricação de queijos, por meio da análise de patentes das bases de dados Espacenete Instituto Nacional de Propriedade Industrial (INPI). As pesquisas foram realizadas entre 7 e 18 de outubro de 2017, considerando um intervalo de 20 anos. Foram recuperadas 3.181 (Espacenet) e 221 (INPI) patentes em proteases, sendo 78 (Espacenet) e 15 (INPI) patentes em proteases vegetais. Uma busca mais específica e relacionada à fabricação de queijos, resultou em 19 patentes com proteases (18 em Espacenet; 1 no INPI) e 3 com proteases vegetais (Espacenet). Em ambos cenários, os principais investidores identificados foram empresas e o Brasil mostrou-se praticamente ausente nessa área de inovação. Os resultados mostram, portanto, que a inovação em proteases vegetais para fabricação de queijos é uma rota interessante para novas pesquisas e desenvolvimento tecnológico.
Bayesian Multilevel Modeling
Authors: Hox Joop J.
Published: February 2019

Multilevel models are designed for data that have a nested structure, for example individuals within groups, with variables measured at each level of the nested structure. The model parameters are commonly estimated with maximum likelihood methods. Recently, Bayesian estimation methods have become in use for multilevel estimation. Bayesian estimation has the advantage of working well with complex models and small samples, or with large amounts of missing data. There is also the principled advantage that Bayesian estimates have a more direct interpretation that common frequentist estimates, for example a 95% credibility interval (CI) can be interpreted as an interval that has a 95% probability of containing the real value.
Mixed Cure Rate Model
Authors: Zhang Jiajia , Lu Wenbin , Zhou Jie
Published: February 2019

Mixed cure rate (mixture cure) models are widely used when a proportion of patients are cured. This article illustrates when the cure proportion may arise, the consequence of ignoring them, approaches to handle survival data with cured fractions, and the common estimation methods.