bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
De complicaties voor de werkgever bij het uit dienst treden van een zieke werknemer: een (praktisch) overzicht
Authors: Wiarda Hylda , Baijens Ilse
Published: June 2018

De complicaties voor de werkgever bij het uit dienst treden van een zieke werknemer: een (praktisch) overzicht

Een zieke werknemer brengt gedurende het dienstverband veel verplichtingen voor de werkgever mee. De Wet Bezava heeft er in de praktijk toe geleid dat werkgevers huiverig zijn geworden om een werknemer ziek uit dienst te laten gaan vanwege de premiestijging. Bovendien stuit het beeindigen van het dienstverband van een zieke werknemer op andere praktische bezwaren. In dit artikel gaan wij nader in op de problematiek waarmee de werkgever wordt geconfronteerd bij het uit dienst treden van een zieke werknemer tijdens en na de wachttijd. Achtereenvolgens gaan we daarbij in op beëindiging tijdens de eerste twee ziektejaren en beëindiging na afloop van de wachttijd, waarbij we de mogelijke stijging van de premielast voor de werkgever bij instroom van werknemers in de Ziektewet en de WIA, het eigenrisicodragerschap, het opzegverbod bij ziekte en het slapende dienstverband bespreken.
Stoelendans aan boord van de KLM
Authors: de Blécourt Mirjam
Published: June 2018

Reorganisatie op basis van de stoelendansmethode voor en na de Wwz

In de praktijk blijft behoefte aan een reorganisatie op basis van de stoelendansmethode. Indien nieuw gecreëerde functies een deel van de werkzaamheden van de oude (te) vervallen functies bevatten, kan de werkgever niet langer de meest geschikte werknemer plaatsen. De werkgever dient in dat geval af te spiegelen over die geschikte werknemers van wie een deel van de functie terugkeert en automatisch te plaatsen op basis van omgekeerde afspiegeling. Pas daarna mogen de rest van de geschikte werknemers worden geplaatst. In de literatuur en jurisprudentie worden de termen (her)plaatsen, automatisch plaatsen, direct plaatsen, tewerkstellen en benoemen door elkaar gebruikt. In deze bijdrage wordt een terminologie-suggestie gedaan om duidelijkheid te scheppen. Om in de praktijk een reorganisatie op basis van de stoelendansmethode volgens een juist stappenplan uit te voeren is een visueel stappenplan in deze bijdrage opgenomen.
Effect of exercise modality on markers of insulin sensitivity and blood glucose control in pregnancies complicated with gestational diabetes mellitus: a systematic review
Authors: Cremona A. , O'Gorman C. , Cotter A. , Saunders J. , Donnelly A.
Published: June 2018

Background/aim

Exercise can be used as a strategy to attenuate hyperglycaemia experienced during gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). To maximize its use for clinical management, the most effective modality should be identified. The purpose of this review is to elucidate the most effective modality of exercise on insulin sensitivity and blood glucose control in pregnant women with or at risk of GDM.

Methods

A search was undertaken in MEDLINE, PubMed, Scopus, CINAHL, the Cochrane Library, Embase and the Maternity & Infant Healthcare Database. Studies that met inclusion criteria were randomized controlled trials and case‐controlled studies, which compared exercise interventions with standard care during pregnancy in women with or at risk of GDM.

Results

Two interventions using resistance training, eight using aerobic exercise and two using a combination of both modalities were included. The interventions showed consistently that requirements of insulin therapy, dosage, and latency to administration were improved in the exercise groups. Less consistent results were observed for capillary blood glucose measurements; however, both modalities and combination of modalities were effective at improving blood glucose control in already diagnosed patients and pregnant women with obesity. Discrepancies in the timing of intervention, GDM diagnostic criteria, and the different measures used to assess glucose metabolism make it difficult to draw clear recommendations.

Conclusion

Exercising three times per week for 40–60 min at 65–75% age‐predicted heart rate maximum using cycling, walking or circuit training as a modality improved glycaemic control in GDM patients and reduced incidence of GDM in pregnant women with obesity. Further studies looking specifically at the effects of different modalities of exercise on glucose metabolism with combined strategies to enhance insulin sensitivity should be explored to maximize benefits for GDM pregnancies. Consistency in design and delivery of exercise‐only interventions is required to make recommendations on a suitable exercise prescription in this population. In practice, adherence to consensus in diagnostic cut‐offs for GDM diagnosis is fundamental for standardizing future research.
Global and Interregion Characterization of Subduction Interface Earthquakes Derived From Source Time Functions Properties
Authors: Chounet Agnès , Vallée Martin
Published: June 2018

Source time functions (STFs) describe how the seismic moment rate is released with time, and carry information on integral rupture properties, such as static stress drop and radiated energy. In this study, we systematically analyze a set of 1,433 STFs extracted from the SCARDEC method (Vallée and Douet, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pepi.2016.05.012), containing the Mw≥5.6, shallow (z≤70 km) earthquakes with dip‐slip mechanism that occurred between 1992 and 2014. At the global scale, STFs properties indicate scale invariance of stress drop and scaled radiated energy with magnitude. In a second step, these source parameters are investigated in light of the tectonic context of the earthquakes: in agreement with other approaches, we observe that subduction interface earthquakes have lower stress drop and scaled radiated energy relative to all other earthquakes (e.g., crustal earthquakes). Finally, a focus on subduction interface earthquakes (approximately 800 earthquakes) is done by considering 18 regional segments of subduction zones. We find that these segments do not have the same signature in terms of macroscopic rupture properties, which means that large‐scale plate convergence and mechanical properties influence rupture behavior. In a given segment, local heterogeneities of stress drop or radiated energy can be associated with local features of the subduction zone: in particular, we find that low coupled zones generate earthquakes with low stress drop and scaled radiated energy. This last feature, also observed at a larger scale, suggests a positive correlation between coupling and stress drop.
„Digitalisierung ist eine historische Chance für den öffentlichen Verkehr“
Authors: Schlichting Inga
Published: June 2018

Im Gespräch mit Inga Schlichting
Middle school teachers’ opinions about using Vustat and Tinkerplots in the data processing in middle school mathematics
Authors: Avcı Esat , Coşkuntuncel Orkun
Published: June 2018

The purpose of this research is to examine the views of middle school mathematics teachers about the usability of VUstat and TinkerPlots software in data processing learning in the Curriculum of Mathematics Teaching in Middle School (5th, 6th, 7th and 8th grades). In the study, the phenomenology design from qualitative research patterns was employed. The study group was determined by maximum variation sampling method of purposeful sampling methods. The number of middle school mathematics teachers in the study group is 14. Pre-Interview Form, Activity Forms, Software Evaluation Forms and Focus Group Interview Form were used as the data collection tool in the research. The analysis and interpretation of the data was done by content analysis. The results of the research show that teachers have some problems regarding the use of technology in teaching mathematics and that VUstat and TinkerPlots software can be used in statistical teaching even though they have certain deficiencies. Some suggestions were made according to the results of the research.
Biofilm-forming ability of coccus forms of the caecal microflora of laying hens when using the probiotic and nanonutrition cobalt
Authors: Turko Ia. , Ushkalov V.
Published: June 2018

The use of the feed supplement on the basis of probiotic microorganisms of the genus Lactobacillus in combination with nano-cobalt preparations in a dose of 0.08 mg/kg liveweight in laying hens caused the most significant reduction in the proportion of cow's forms of the microflora of the colon (Staphylococcus spp., Enterococcus spp., Streptococcus spp.) that formed high-density biofilms by increasing the percentage of these microorganisms with low and medium biofilm-forming ability. After 14 days of use of probiotic and nanocobalt at a dose of 0.08 mg/kg, an increase in the percentage of Staphylococcus spp. microorganisms, which formed low and medium density biofilms, respectively, was 7.2 and 18.2%, due to the reduction of those with high biofilm formation ability. Such a redistribution of the ability of the studied microorganisms to form a biofilm remained after 28 days of the experiment. However, the number of microorganisms of Staphylococcus spp., which formed low density biofilms, was maximum i.e. 46.2%. Instead, the number of microorganisms of Staphylococcus spp., which formed high density biofilms, was minimal and amounted to 12.6%. The indicated trend persists after the end of application of the additive after 14 days. When using probiotic and nano-cobalt at a dose of 0.08 mg/kg, the highest reliability (Р < 0.001) of changes in the bio-film-forming ability of microorganisms Enterococcus spp. was established, namely, its reduction. At the same time, the percentage of microorganisms that formed low-density biofilms was the highest in 28 days of use (by 5.1%) and 14 days after the end of feeding of the additive (by 7.1%). At the same time, the percentage of microorganisms Enterococcus spp. with a high biofilm-forming ability gradually decreased and reached a minimum of 28 days of the experiment (5.6%). On the 14th day after stopping the feeding of the supplement, it reached 9.8%. With an increase in the dose of nanocobalt up to 0.8 mg/kg, significant changes were observed only on the 28th day of feeding and 14 days after the end of the feeding of the feed additive, namely: a decrease in the number of microorganisms Enterococcus spp. with a high biofilm production capacity of 3.4% and 4.8%, respectively. Regarding microorganisms of Streptococcus spp. the most visible effect could be observed with the use of probiotic in a complex with nano-cobalt in a dose of 0.08 mg/kg, namely: by 17.4%, the number of microorganisms with high bio-plating ability with a gradual increase in the percentage of those that had a low (10.2%) and average (by 7.2%) biofilm capacity. After the application of the suppressant was discontinued for 14 days, the corrected changes were maintained.
Analysis of the results of the study on the presence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus (MRSA) in food products of animal origin
Authors: Kozytska T. , Garkavenko T.
Published: June 2018

The frequency of Staphylococcus aureus resistance to antibiotics (AB) has significant differences in different countries and geographical regions. The main problem is represented by strains of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus (MRSA), resistant to many ABs. Often, MRSA is transmitted to humans through animal food products. Purpose: investigate animal foods for S. aureus and detect methicillin-resistant strains. Food research was carried out according to ISO 6888-1, ISO 6888-2, MW 15.2-5.3-004:2007, State standard 10444.2. The material for further research was the isolates of S. aureus isolated from different groups of food products of animal origin. Disks containing methicillin (30 mg) and oxacillin (5 mg) and Müller-Hinton nutrient medium were used to determine the sensitivity to AB. The research was conducted by disc diffusion method in accordance with the Methodological Guidelines «Determination of microorganism sensitivity to antibacterial preparations» dated 12/25/2014. In addition, the data of the state veterinary report on the study of milk of cows and determination of antibiotic resistance of cultures isolated from it in 2017 were analyzed. A study on the presence of coagulase-positive Staphylococcus was carried out in food products of animal origin during 2016–2017. During this period, 58 isolates of S. aureus were identified, of which 7 were classified as MRSA, which was an average of 12.1 % of all isolated cultures. The highest amount of MRSA is isolated from chicken meat – 29.0% and meat products – 20.0%, ready-to-eat fish – 16.7% and meat mincer – 6.1%. The 2017 report on antibiotic resistance from all regions of Ukraine was also analyzed for the detection of S. aureus strains resistant to oxacillin. These data were available only for S. aureus isolated from milk from cows suffering from subclinical mastitis. Of the 47 strains of S. aureus, 22 (46.8%) were methicillin-resistant. MRSA poses a serious threat to the health of humans and animals and may be transmitted through food. There is no monitoring system in Ukraine on the detection of resistant strains in food products. A single list of ABs according to which laboratories conducted sensitivity tests was not approved. Therefore, in most cases, the sensitivity of Staphylococcus to oxacillin/methicillin is not determined. We found that, on average, MRSA from animal foods of animal origin in Ukraine is found in 12.1% of cases. Milk of animals, that suffer from subclinical forms of mastitis, can serve as a source of MRSA for humans, because it was detected in 46.8% of cases.
Influence of Eclipta alba on serum alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase activity in rabbits
Authors: Kale B. P. , Rauf Mujawar Jahir
Published: June 2018

Background: Paracetamol is a recognized antipyretic, analgesic drug which produces hepatic necrosis in high doses. Eclipta alba elaborates a vast array of biologically active compounds that are chemically diverse and structurally complex.Methods: Randomized open controlled experimental study Estimated levels of Serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST), Serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and Hepatoprotective action of in High doses of Paracetamol on serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activity.Results: ALT in all the groups including Control group (A) was (51.8±4.56IU/L). Paracetamol treated group (B) the ALT level increased at 48 hours and continued to be high up to 60 days (136.4±20.73IU/L) then decreased to (113.7±11.35IU/L) at 90 days. AST in all the groups including Control group (A) was (22.5±1.23IU/L). Appropriate antioxidant in appropriate doses as a matter of routine whenever hepatotoxic or potentially hepatotoxic drugs are prescribed. In Paracetamol treated group (B) the AST level increased at 48 hours and continued to be high up to 60 days (99.4±9.73IU/L) then decreased to (85.4±7.39IU/L) at 90 days.Conclusions: Appropriate antioxidant in appropriate doses as a matter of routine whenever hepatotoxic or potentially hepatotoxic drugs are prescribed.
Cold Resistance of Plant Species of the Genus Vitex l. Introduced in M.M. GRYSHKO National Botanic Garden of NAS of Ukraine
Authors: NATALİİA Levchyk , VOLODYMYR Levon
Published: June 2018

Results of current studies of flavonoids content in vegetative and
reproductive organs and their dynamics under cold stress in plants of the genus
Vitex L. introduced in the M.M.
Gryshko National Botanic Garden (NBG) of NAS of Ukraine are summarized. The
varying effects of flavonoids on different plant organs during adaptation to
different climatic and weather conditions of introduction are analyzed. The
relation of dynamics of these compounds and the pigment level, photosynthetic
rate, breath, transpiration, morphological and anatomical specifics of stomata
is observed.
Efecto de la silvicultura comercial sobre Pinus jaliscana, especie considerada en riesgo de extinción
Authors: Paredes Lara María del Rosario , Mendoza Briseño Martín Alfonso
Published: June 2018

El manejo activo ha sido promocionado como una opción deseable para aquellas especies en peligro de extinción que son comercialmente valiosas. Aquí se presenta el caso del pino jalisciense (Pinus jaliscana Pérez de la Rosa), una especie en peligro de extinción de México. Este pino es un componente importante de la producción maderable al interior de un área natural protegida. El registro histórico del caso de estudio, que es un bosque dominado por P. jaliscana, muestra que los eventos que determinaron su protección legal, ocurren lejos de los aprovechamientos de esta especie. Una red de monitores busca captar el efecto de las labores silvícolas diseñadas para neutralizar los factores antrópicos estresantes. La evidencia obtenida sugiere que el régimen silvícola actual está alejando al bosque de los objetivos comerciales y de la recuperación de la especie en su zona de distribución. El mensaje en esta investigación es que, aún si las medidas de conservación fueran diseñadas para una eficaz corrección de las causas humanas del deterioro y potencialidad de alguna especie en riesgo, los detalles únicos que prevalecen en cada rincón de hábitat pueden crear escenarios peculiares, donde las reglas generales deben ser ajustadas.
Integration of Local Government through Administrative -Territorial Reform in Albania
Authors: Bala Adisa
Published: June 2018

There have been made many significant steps toward implementing reforms which lead Albanian Government to a consolidated integration process. Many challenges and obstacles have hindered this path, particularly those of a political nature, to which my country is still very sensitive. A kind of “hot spot” in all this discussion appeared to be the newest reform called “administrative territorial reform” or “decentralization process” which has already been implemented in 2015. Amongst the range of studies, consultations and amalgamate process in multi level governance,the concept of integration has been isolated from the perspective of European integration. The Albanian Government has undertaken this reform with the ad-hoc Parliamentary Committee in close coordination and cooperation with the local government units, funded by the STAR Project (Support to Territorial and Administrative Reform) and implemented by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP). Despite this, there is not much evidence of a deeper cooperation to determine an integrated package of principles whereby local government authorities reflect realistic concerns about EU’s influence along their mission and activities. This paper intends to explore whether the implementation of this administrative-territorial reform has taken into consideration the formal set up of EU integration, or has at least established the necessary legal, financial, cultural environment with the overall aim to enable European frameworks and processes even in local authorities and communities.
Co‐translational folding of α‐helical proteins: structural studies of intermediate‐length variants of the λ repressor
Authors: Hanazono Yuya , Takeda Kazuki , Miki Kunio
Published: June 2018

Nascent polypeptide chains fold cotranslationally, but the atomic‐level details of this process remain unknown. Here, we report crystallographic, de novo modeling, and spectroscopic studies of intermediate‐length variants of the λ repressor N‐terminal domain. Although the ranges of helical regions of the half‐length variant were almost identical to those of the full‐length protein, the relative orientations of these helices in the intermediate‐length variants differed. Our results suggest that cotranslational folding of the λ repressor initially forms a helical structure with a transient conformation, as in the case of a molten globule state. This conformation subsequently matures during the course of protein synthesis.

Database

Structural data are available in the PDB under the accession numbers 5ZCA and 3WOA.
Shielding a high‐sensitivity digital detector from electromagnetic interference
Authors: Hintenlang David E. , Jiang Xia , Little Kevin J.
Published: June 2018

Purpose

To document a study in shielding a high‐sensitivity digital mammography system detector from AC magnetic fields of magnitudes great enough to induce imaging artifacts.

Methods/materials

Preliminary evaluation of AC magnetic fields at a site designated for a digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) system raised concerns that the magnetic component of electromagnetic interference (EMI) may be great enough to induce imaging artifacts. Subsequent measurements using digital detector arrays from two separate manufacturers verified this concern, and AC magnetic fields were mapped, spatially and temporally, throughout the area of concern. A simple shielding model was developed to elucidate the physics of extremely low‐frequency (ELF) EMI shielding and independently verify a commercial group's proposed shielding design and installation. Postshielding measurements were performed to demonstrate that the EMI fields were reduced to acceptable levels.

Results

Preshielding measurements showed AC magnetic fields significantly exceeding manufacturers’ tolerances for artifact‐free imaging in DBT. Continuous measurements demonstrated that the EMI fields varied significantly over time. Some locations in the room routinely averaged above 30 mG and occasionally exceeded 100 mG. The source was attributed to an adjacent electrical supply room, and temporal changes of the EMI were attributed to variations of the building electrical loads. The proposed shielding primarily consisted of continuous aluminum (6.35 mm thickness) and was installed by a group specializing in electromagnetic field shielding. Postshielding measurements demonstrated that the EMI fields were significantly reduced, generally to less than 0.5 mG, and that the shielding effectively dampened the large variations due to dynamic building electrical loads. Subsequent installation and evaluation of a DBT system revealed no issues with imaging artifacts.

Conclusions

The successful shielding of ELF EMI involves physical principles that are not commonly encountered by medical physicists. Modern high‐sensitivity digital detectors may be successfully shielded against imaging artifacts with careful application of these principles.
Oligonucleotide therapy mitigates disease in spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 mice
Authors: McLoughlin Hayley S. , Moore Lauren R. , Chopra Ravi , Komlo Robert , McKenzie Megan , Blumenstein Kate G. , Zhao Hien , Kordasiewicz Holly B. , Shakkottai Vikram G. , Paulson Henry L.
Published: June 2018

Objective

Spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 (SCA3), also known as Machado–Joseph disease, is the most common dominantly inherited ataxia. Despite advances in understanding this CAG repeat/polyglutamine expansion disease, there are still no therapies to alter its progressive fatal course. Here, we investigate whether an antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) targeting the SCA3 disease gene, ATXN3, can prevent molecular, neuropathological, electrophysiological, and behavioral features of the disease in a mouse model of SCA3.

Methods

The top ATXN3‐targeting ASO from an in vivo screen was injected intracerebroventricularly into early symptomatic transgenic SCA3 mice that express the full human disease gene and recapitulate key disease features. Following a single ASO treatment at 8 weeks of age, mice were evaluated longitudinally for ATXN3 suppression and rescue of disease‐associated pathological changes. Mice receiving an additional repeat injection at 21 weeks were evaluated longitudinally up to 29 weeks for motor performance.

Results

The ATXN3‐targeting ASO achieved sustained reduction of polyglutamine‐expanded ATXN3 up to 8 weeks after treatment and prevented oligomeric and nuclear accumulation of ATXN3 up to at least 14 weeks after treatment. Longitudinal ASO therapy rescued motor impairment in SCA3 mice, and this rescue was associated with a recovery of defects in Purkinje neuron firing frequency and afterhyperpolarization.

Interpretation

This preclinical study established efficacy of ATXN3‐targeted ASOs as a disease‐modifying therapeutic strategy for SCA3. These results support further efforts to develop ASOs for human clinical trials in this polyglutamine disease as well as in other dominantly inherited disorders caused by toxic gain of function. Ann Neurol 2018;83:64–77
Leveraging the Knorr Pyrazole Synthesis for the Facile Generation of Thioester Surrogates for use in Native Chemical Ligation
Authors: Flood Dillon T. , Hintzen Jordi C. J. , Bird Michael J. , Cistrone Philip A. , Chen Jason S. , Dawson Philip E.
Published: June 2018

Facile synthesis of C‐terminal thioesters is integral to native chemical ligation (NCL) strategies for chemical protein synthesis. We introduce a new method of mild peptide activation, which leverages solid‐phase peptide synthesis (SPPS) on an established resin linker and classical heterocyclic chemistry to convert C‐terminal peptide hydrazides into their corresponding thioesters via an acyl pyrazole intermediate. Peptide hydrazides, synthesized on established trityl chloride resins, can be activated in solution with stoichiometric acetyl acetone (acac), readily proceed to the peptide acyl pyrazoles. Acyl pyrazoles are mild acylating agents and are efficiently exchanged with an aryl thiol, which can then be directly utilized in NCL. The mild, chemoselective, and stoichiometric activating conditions allow this method to be utilized through multiple sequential ligations without intermediate purification steps.
A Recyclable Hydrophobic Anchor‐Tagged Asymmetric Amino Thiourea Catalyst
Authors: Jichu Takahisa , Inokuma Tsubasa , Aihara Keisuke , Kohiki Taiki , Nishida Kodai , Shigenaga Akira , Yamada Ken‐ichi , Otaka Akira
Published: June 2018

A novel, recyclable, thiourea‐based asymmetric organocatalyst containing a hydrophobic anchor has been developed. The chemical nature of the hydrophobic anchor contributes to the desirable characteristics of the recyclable catalyst. The hydrophobic anchor‐tagged thiourea catalyst is highly soluble in less polar solvents, which is compatible with amino thiourea catalyst‐mediated asymmetric reaction conditions, but sparingly soluble in polar solvents used for the recycle process. This asymmetric catalyst delivers a catalytic performance comparable to that of a parent catalyst and can be readily recycled from reactions.
The Fabrication of rGO/(PLL/PASP)3@DOX Nanorods with pH‐Switch for Photothermal Therapy and Chemotherapy
Authors: Li Xiangming , Zhang Yihe , Ma Zequn , Fu Meng , An Qi
Published: June 2018

The development of well‐controlled drug carriers that are stable and highly effective for the delivery of anticancer agents is challenging. Herein, we report a novel pH‐controlled drug delivery system, utilizing reducing graphene oxide (rGO)‐polymer self‐assembly films as carriers, for the preparation of effective drug nanorods and nanoparticles. In this system, the rGO‐polymer carriers were constructed by the alternating assembly of poly‐l‐lysine (PLL) and polyaspartic acid (PASP) around the rGO sheets. Furthermore, the rGO‐polymer cores, which possess a positively charged surface as the desired template, could assemble with negatively charged doxorubicin (DOX) via electrostatic interactions. The DOX embedding efficiency and the morphology of the drug nanocomposites could be controlled by the number of rGO‐polymer bilayers and concentration of the rGO‐polymer bilayers and the initial DOX concentration. Importantly, the release of DOX could be regulated by controlling the pH and by using a NIR laser. Under acidic conditions, the interactions between the PASP layer and DOX molecules can be broken, resulting in gradual release of the DOX molecules. Upon NIR irradiation, the release of DOX could be further accelerated and a photothermal effect from rGO induced. Cellular uptake and cytotoxicity experiments indicate that the drug nanocomposites possess effective anticancer activity. Thus, in this work, we present a useful strategy for the fabrication of pH‐responsive drug nanocomposites for combined photothermal and chemical therapy. The nanocomposite can be used as a potential drug delivery system for practical cancer treatment.
Redox‐Triggered Folding of Self‐Assembled Coordination Polymers incorporating Viologen Units
Authors: Abdul‐Hassan Wathiq Sattar , Roux Denis , Bucher Christophe , Cobo Saioa , Molton Florian , Saint‐Aman Eric , Royal Guy
Published: June 2018

We report the study of stimuli‐responsive ZnII and FeII coordination polymers (MC34+ or MC24+ with M=Fe2+ or Zn2+). These soluble metallopolymers were formed spontaneously by reaction of an organic ligand (C34+ or C24+) with one molar equivalent of metal ions. The C34+ and C24+ ligands incorporate two chelating terpyridine groups bridged by a redox responsive hinge featuring two viologen units (viologen=N,N′‐dialkyl‐4,4′‐bipyridinium) linked either with propyl (C34+) or ethyl (C24+) chains. The viologen units in the polymer chains were reduced (1 e− per viologen group) either by bulk electrolysis or by visible‐light irradiation carried out in the presence of a photosensitizer. The 1 e− reduction of the viologen units in the MC24+ polymers induced a slight decrease in the viscosity of the solutions due to a modification of the overall charge carried by the metallopolymers. In strong contrast, reduction of coordination polymers involving propyl linkers (MC34+) led to a remarkable increase (≈+400 %) in observed viscosity. This reversible effect was attributed to a folding of the polymer chains triggered by π‐dimerization of the photo‐generated viologen cation radicals.
Lithium Chloride Catalyzed Asymmetric Domino Aza‐Michael Addition/[3 + 2] Cycloaddition Reactions for the Synthesis of Spiro‐ and Bicyclic α,β,γ‐Triamino Acid Derivatives
Authors: Just David , Hernandez‐Guerra Daniel , Kritsch Susanne , Pohl Radek , Císařová Ivana , Jones Peter G. , Mackman Richard , Bahador Gina , Jahn Ullrich
Published: June 2018

Angularly and peri‐fused tricyclic pyrrolidinopyrazolines are efficiently prepared by LiCl‐catalyzed domino aza‐Michael addition‐1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition reactions. The absolute stereochemistry is controlled in the aza‐Michael addition step, nonaflyl azide serves as effective diazo transfer reagent to the formed enolate and the resulting diazo dipole engages in the 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition step. The resulting tricyclic pyrrolidinopyrazolines can be easily transformed to enantiomerically enriched nonproteinogenic spirocyclic α,β,γ‐triamino acids, angularly or peri‐fused tricyclic β‐prolines or pyrimidines. The activity of the tricyclic amino acid derivatives against the hepatitis C virus was determined.
Ruthenium‐Catalyzed C‐H Arylation and Alkenylation of Furfural Imines with Boronates
Authors: Siopa Filipa , Ramis Cladera Valérie‐Anne , Afonso Carlos Alberto Mateus , Oble Julie , Poli Giovanni
Published: June 2018

A Ru0‐catalyzed direct C‐H arylation and alkenylation of furfural imines with aryl‐ or alkenyl‐boronates, in the presence of benzylideneacetone as a sacrificial hydride acceptor, is disclosed. This reaction provides access, after hydrolysis, to C3‐arylated or vinylated furfural derivatives, and thus valorizes these relevant building‐blocks obtained from lignocellulosic biomass. This approach, involving C‐H activation by a Ru0/RuII, cycle offers several advantages, notably simple, mild and neutral reaction conditions.
Surface energy of the one-dimensional supersymmetric t − J model with unparallel boundary fields
Authors: Wen Fakai , Yang Zhan-Ying , Yang Tao , Hao Kun , Cao Junpeng , Yang Wen-Li
Published: June 2018

Abstract

We investigate the thermodynamic limit of the exact solution, which is given by an inhomogeneous T − Q relation, of the one-dimensional supersymmetric t − J model with unparallel boundary magnetic fields. It is shown that the contribution of the inhomogeneous term at the ground state satisfies the L
−1 scaling law, where L is the system-size. This fact enables us to calculate the surface (or boundary) energy of the system. The method used in this paper can be generalized to study the thermodynamic limit and surface energy of other models related to rational R-matrices.
Static droplet array for culturing single live adherent cells in an isolated chemical microenvironment
Authors: Hassanzadeh-Barforoushi Amin , Law Andrew M. K. , Hejri Abbas , Asadnia Mohsen , Ormandy Christopher J. , Gallego-Ortega David , Ebrahimi Warkiani Majid
Published: June 2018

Rapid and reliable capture and analysis of single cells in a chemically isolated static droplet array for fast-tracking single cell discoveries.
A phosphorylated chitosan armed hydroxyapatite nanocomposite for advancing activity onosteoblastandosteosarcomacells
Authors: Sumathra Murugan , Rajan Mariappan , Munusamy Murugan A
Published: June 2018

Recently, applications of traditional medicine in tissue engineering have gained increasing attention.
Cycloaddition of CO2 and epoxides over a porous covalent triazine-based polymer incorporated with Fe3O4
Authors: Ravi Seenu , Puthiaraj Pillaiyar , Park Dong-Wha , Ahn Wha-Seung
Published: June 2018

A triazine-based organic polymer incorporated with Fe3O4 nanoparticles was synthesized and employed as a catalyst for cycloaddition of CO2 under mild conditions.
Modulating oxygen vacancies in Sn-doped hematite film grown on silicon microwires for photoelectrochemical water oxidation
Authors: Zhou Zhongyuan , Wu Shaolong , Qin Linling , Li Liang , Li Liujing , Li Xiaofeng
Published: June 2018

Dual-absorber photoelectrodes are attractive candidates for solar water splitting due to their broadened absorption spectrum and improved photovoltage compared to single-absorber systems.
Highly π-extended small molecules with bis(alkylthio)methylene side chains for organic field-effect transistors
Authors: Lee Seung-Hoon , Lim Bogyu , Pei Mingyuan , Yang Hoichang , Noh Yong-Young
Published: June 2018

This paper reports on indacenodithiophene (IDT) based conjugated small molecules with rarely investigated side chain of bis(alkylthio)methylene as dimethyloctyl (SMOIC) and ethylhexyl structure (SEHIC).
Enhancing the hydrophobicity of perovskite solar cells using C18 capped CH3NH3PbI3nanocrystals
Authors: Poli Isabella , Liang Xinxing , Baker Robert , Eslava Salvador , Cameron Petra J.
Published: June 2018

The stability of perovskite solar cells towards moisture and humidity is improved by using C18 capped MAPI nanocrystals at the interface.
Exploiting the tree‐structured compressive sensing of wavelet coefficients via block sparse Bayesian learning
Authors: Qin Le , Tan Jiaju , Wang Zhen , Wang Guoli , Guo Xuemei
Published: June 2018

In this Letter, the authors propose a novel framework based on block sparse Bayesian learning (bSBL) for exploiting the tree structure on wavelet coefficients in the process of recovering signals. A Boolean matrix is designed to transfer the tree structure of wavelet coefficients to a non‐overlapped block structure. In this block‐structured sparse model, the bSBL‐based algorithm is used to learn the intra‐block correlations and to derive the updating rule of model parameters. Experimental results show that for both 1D and 2D signals their proposed algorithm has superior performances compared with other model‐based compressive sensing algorithms.
Testing the disk instability model of cataclysmic variables
Authors: Dubus Guillaume , Otulakowska-Hypka Magdalena , Lasota Jean-Pierre
Published: June 2018

Context. The disk instability model (DIM) attributes the outbursts of dwarf novae to a thermal-viscous instability of their accretion disk, an instability to which nova-like stars are not subject.

Aims. We aim to test the fundamental prediction of the DIM: the separation of cataclysmic variables (CVs) into nova-likes and dwarf novae depending on orbital period and mass transfer rate from the companion.

Methods. We analyzed the light curves from a sample of ≈130 CVs with a parallax distance in the Gaia DR2 catalog to derive their average mass transfer rate. We validated the method for converting optical magnitude to mass accretion rate against theoretical light curves of dwarf novae.

Results. Dwarf novae (resp. nova-likes) are consistently placed in the unstable (resp. stable) region of the orbital period – mass transfer rate plane predicted by the DIM. None of the analyzed systems present a challenge to the model. These results are robust against the possible sources of error and bias that we investigated. Light curves from Kepler or, in the future, the LSST or Plato surveys, could alleviate a major source of uncertainty, that is, the irregular sampling rate of the light curves, assuming good constraints can be set on the orbital parameters of the CVs that they happen to target.

Conclusions. The disk instability model remains the solid basis on which to construct an understanding of accretion processes in CVs.
Radiographic Study of Haematogenous Septic Arthritis in Dairy Calves
Authors: Masseau Isabelle , Babkine Marie , Nichols Sylvain , Francoz David , Fecteau Gilles , Marchionatti Emma , Larde Helene , Desrochers Andre , Constant Caroline
Published: June 2018

Objectives (1) To develop an evaluation grid to provide a systematic interpretation of calves' articular radiographs, (2) to describe radiographic lesions of septic arthritis in dairy calves less than 6 months of age, (3) to investigate potential associations between demographic data or synovial bacteriological culture results and radiographic lesions (4) to determine whether an association is present between radiographic lesions, their severity and the long-term outcome.

Methods Medical records of 54 calves less than 180 days old treated for septic arthritis between 2009 and 2014 with radiographic images performed in the first 2 days after admission were reviewed.

Results Most common radiographic findings were increased articular joint space height (n = 49), irregularity of the articular surfaces (n = 24) and subchondral bone lysis (n = 24). The number of lesions observed and their severity were associated with older calves (p = 0.02), increased time between onset of clinical signs and admission (p = 0.0001) and the culture of Trueperella pyogenes within the joint (p = 0.02). The radiographic lesions associated with negative long-term prognosis were reduction in the joint space height (p = 0.01) and subchondral bone lysis on weight-bearing surfaces (p = 0.02).

Clinical Significance An evaluation grid designed for veterinarians can facilitate systematic reading of articular radiographs and can be used for dairy calves with a presumptive diagnosis of septic arthritis. This diagnostic tool may aid in establishing a prognosis and decision-making process in terms of treatment.
Supported liquid extraction and LC–MS-MS determination of iloperidone and olanzapine in rat plasma: Application to a pharmacokinetic study
Authors: Gangu Naidu Ch , Nageswara Rao R , Prasada Rao A V , Nagesh Kumar K , Padiya Raju , Madhusudhan Rao V
Published: June 2018

A sensitive, selective rapid bioanalytical assay method was developed and quantification of iloperidone (ILP) and olanzapine (OLZ) in rat plasma was done by mass spectrometry. Systematic sample preparation and extraction procedure were carried out by supported liquid extraction using dichloromethane to extract both the eluents (ILP and OLZ) from rat plasma samples. The extorted samples were injected on a selective Waters XTerra® C18 reverse-phase bonded column (250 × 4.6 mm i.d., 5 μm) using acetonitrile and 15 mM ammonium formate containing 0.05% trifluoroacetic acid (60:40 v/v) for isocratic elution mode and detected by mass spectrometry. Calibration curves were drawn with the respective assay statistical data and showed linear regression coefficients greater than 0.9996 over the concentration ranges 2–5,000 ng/mL for ILP and OLZ, respectively. The absolute mean recoveries were found to be in the replicate range of 87.12–94.47%, respectively. The obtained results by the method revealed good intra and interday assay performance in terms of 1.70–5.90% precision and 0–5% accuracy. The validated bioassay method has been successfully applied to the pharmacokinetics in rats.
Multiplicity-freeness of Unitary Representations in Sections of Holomorphic Hilbert Bundles
Authors: Miglioli Martín , Neeb Karl-Hermann
Published: June 2018

We prove several results asserting that the action of a Banach–Lie group on Hilbert spaces of holomorphic sections of a holomorphic Hilbert space bundle over a complex Banach manifold is multiplicity-free. These results require the existence of compatible anti-holomorphic bundle maps and certain multiplicity-freeness assumptions for stabilizer groups. For the group action on the base, the notion of an $(S,\sigma )$-weakly visible action (generalizing T. Koboyashi’s visible actions) provides an effective way to express the assumptions in an economical fashion. In particular, we derive a version for group actions on homogeneous bundles for larger groups. We illustrate these general results by several examples related to operator groups and von Neumann algebras.
Quantifying Codon Usage in Signal Peptides: Gene Expression and Amino Acid Usage Explain Apparent Selection for Inefficient Codons
Authors: Cope Alexander L. , Hettich Robert L. , Gilchrist Michael A.
Published: June 2018

The Sec secretion pathway is found across all domains of life. A critical feature of Sec secreted proteins is the signal peptide, a short peptide with distinct physicochemical properties located at the N-terminus of the protein. Previous work indicates signal peptides are biased towards translationally inefficient codons, which is hypothesized to be an adaptation driven by selection to improve the efficacy and efficiency of the protein secretion mechanisms. We investigate codon usage in the signal peptides ofE. coliusing the Codon Adaptation Index (CAI), the tRNA Adaptation Index (tAI), and the ribosomal overhead cost formulation of the stochastic evolutionary model of protein production rates (ROC-SEMPPR). Comparisons between signal peptides and 5’-end of cytoplasmic proteins using CAI and tAI are consistent with a preference for inefficient codons in signal peptides. Simulations reveal these differences are due to amino acid usage and gene expression - we find these differences disappear when accounting for both factors. In contrast, ROC-SEMPPR, a mechanistic population genetics model capable of separating the effects of selection and mutation bias, shows codon usage bias (CUB) of the signal peptides is indistinguishable from the 5’-ends of cytoplasmic proteins. Additionally, we find CUB at the 5’-ends is weaker than later segments of the gene. Results illustrate the value in using models grounded in population genetics to interpret genetic data. We show failure to account for mutation bias and the effects of gene expression on the efficacy of selection against translation inefficiency can lead to a misinterpretation of codon usage patterns.
Cell Cycle, Energy Metabolism and DNA Repair Pathways in Cancer Cells are Suppressed by Compound Kushen Injection
Authors: Cui Jian , Qu Zhipeng , Harata-Lee Yuka , Nwe Aung Thazin , Shen Hanyuan , Wang Wei , L Adelson David
Published: June 2018

In this report we examine candidate pathways perturbed by Compound Kushen Injection (CKI) a Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) that we have previously shown to alter the gene expression patterns of multiple pathways and induce apoptosis in cancer cells. We have measured protein levels in HEPG2 and MDA-MB-231 cells for genes in the cell cycle pathway, DNA repair pathway and DNA double strand breaks (DSBs) previously shown to have altered expression by CKI. We have also examined energy metabolism by measuring [ADT]/[ATP] ratio (cell energy charge), lactate production and glucose consumption. Our results demonstrate that CKI can suppress protein levels for cell cycle regulatory proteins and DNA repair while increasing the level of DSBs. We also show that energy metabolism is reduced based on reduced glucose consumption and reduced cellular energy charge. Our results validate these pathways as important targets for CKI. We also examined the effect of the major alkaloid component of CKI, oxymatrine and determined that it had no effect on DSBs, a small effect on the cell cycle and increased the cell energy charge. Our results indicate that CKI likely acts through the effect of multiple compounds on multiple targets where the observed phenotype is the integration of these effects and synergistic interactions.
A fat-tissue sensor couples growth to oxygen availability by remotely controlling insulin secretion
Authors: Texada Michael J. , Joergensen Anne F. , Christensen Christian F. , Smith Daniel K. , Marple Dylan F.M. , Thomas Danielsen E. , Petersen Sine K. , Hansen Jakob L. , Halberg Kenneth A. , Rewitz Kim F.
Published: June 2018

Organisms adapt their metabolism and growth to the availability of nutrients and oxygen, which are essential for normal development. This requires the ability to sense these environmental factors and respond by regulation of growth-controlling signals, yet the mechanisms by which this adaptation occurs are not fully understood. To identify novel growth-regulatory mechanisms, we conducted a global RNAi-based screen in Drosophila for size differences and identified 89 positive and negative regulators of growth. Among the strongest hits was the FGFR homologue breathless necessary for proper development of the tracheal airway system. Breathless deficiency results in tissue hypoxia (low oxygen), sensed primarily in this context by the fat tissue. The fat, in response, relays this information through release of one or more humoral factors that remotely inhibit insulin secretion from the brain, thereby restricting systemic growth. Thus our findings show that the fat tissue acts as an oxygen sensor that allows the organism to reduce its growth in adaptation to limited oxygen conditions.
Altering the temporal regulation of one transcription factor drives sensory trade-offs
Authors: Ramaekers Ariane , Weinberger Simon , Claeys Annelies , Kapun Martin , Yan Jiekun , Wolf Reinhard , Flatt Thomas , Buchner Erich , Hassan Bassem A.
Published: June 2018

Size trade-offs of visual versus olfactory organs is a pervasive feature of animal evolution. ComparingDrosophilaspecies, we find that larger eyes correlate with smaller antennae, where olfactory organs reside, and narrower faces. We demonstrate that this tradeoff arises through differential subdivision of the head primordium into visual versus non-visual fields. Specification of the visual field requires a highly-conserved eye development gene calledeyelessin flies and Pax6 in humans. We discover that changes in the temporal regulation ofeyelessexpression during development is a conserved mechanism for sensory trade-offs within and betweenDrosophilaspecies. We identify a natural single nucleotide polymorphism in the cis-regulatory region ofeyelessthat is sufficient to alter its temporal regulation and eye size. Because Pax6 is a conserved regulator of sensory placode subdivision, we propose that alterations in the mutual repression between sensory territories is a conserved mechanism for sensory trade-offs in animals.