bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Validation of a pediatric early warning system for hospitalized pediatric oncology patients in a resource‐limited setting
Authors: Agulnik Asya , Méndez Aceituno Alejandra , Mora Robles Lupe Nataly , Forbes Peter W. , Soberanis Vasquez Dora Judith , Mack Ricardo , Antillon‐Klussmann Federico , Kleinman Monica , Rodriguez‐Galindo Carlos
Published: September 2017

BACKGROUND

Pediatric oncology patients are at high risk of clinical deterioration, particularly in hospitals with resource limitations. The performance of pediatric early warning systems (PEWS) to identify deterioration has not been assessed in these settings. This study evaluates the validity of PEWS to predict the need for unplanned transfer to the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) among pediatric oncology patients in a resource‐limited hospital.

METHODS

A retrospective case‐control study comparing the highest documented and corrected PEWS score before unplanned PICU transfer in pediatric oncology patients (129 cases) with matched controls (those not requiring PICU care) was performed.

RESULTS

Documented and corrected PEWS scores were found to be highly correlated with the need for PICU transfer (area under the receiver operating characteristic, 0.940 and 0.930, respectively). PEWS scores increased 24 hours prior to unplanned transfer (P = .0006). In cases, organ dysfunction at the time of PICU admission correlated with maximum PEWS score (correlation coefficient, 0.26; P = .003), patients with PEWS results ≥4 had a higher Pediatric Index of Mortality 2 (PIM2) (P = .028), and PEWS results were higher in patients with septic shock (P = .01). The PICU mortality rate was 17.1%; nonsurvivors had higher mean PEWS scores before PICU transfer (P = .0009). A single‐point increase in the PEWS score increased the odds of mechanical ventilation or vasopressors within the first 24 hours and during PICU admission (odds ratio 1.3‐1.4).

CONCLUSIONS

PEWS accurately predicted the need for unplanned PICU transfer in pediatric oncology patients in this resource‐limited setting, with abnormal results beginning 24 hours before PICU admission and higher scores predicting the severity of illness at the time of PICU admission, need for PICU interventions, and mortality. These results demonstrate that PEWS aid in the identification of clinical deterioration in this high‐risk population, regardless of a hospital's resource‐level. Cancer 2017;123:4903‐13. © 2017 American Cancer Society.
Processes of code status transitions in hospitalized patients with advanced cancer
Authors: El‐Jawahri Areej , Lau‐Min Kelsey , Nipp Ryan D. , Greer Joseph A , Traeger Lara N. , Moran Samantha M. , D'Arpino Sara M. , Hochberg Ephraim P. , Jackson Vicki A. , Cashavelly Barbara J. , Martinson Holly S. , Ryan David P. , Temel Jennifer S.
Published: September 2017

BACKGROUND

Although hospitalized patients with advanced cancer have a low chance of surviving cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), the processes by which they change their code status from full code to do not resuscitate (DNR) are unknown.

METHODS

We conducted a mixed‐methods study on a prospective cohort of hospitalized patients with advanced cancer. Two physicians used a consensus‐driven medical record review to characterize processes that led to code status order transitions from full code to DNR.

RESULTS

In total, 1047 hospitalizations were reviewed among 728 patients. Admitting clinicians did not address code status in 53% of hospitalizations, resulting in code status orders of “presumed full.” In total, 275 patients (26.3%) transitioned from full code to DNR, and 48.7% (134 of 275 patients) of those had an order of “presumed full” at admission; however, upon further clarification, the patients expressed that they had wished to be DNR before the hospitalization. We identified 3 additional processes leading to order transition from full code to DNR acute clinical deterioration (15.3%), discontinuation of cancer‐directed therapy (17.1%), and education about the potential harms/futility of CPR (15.3%). Compared with discontinuing therapy and education, transitions because of acute clinical deterioration were associated with less patient involvement (P = .002), a shorter time to death (P < .001), and a greater likelihood of inpatient death (P = .005).

CONCLUSIONS

One‐half of code status order changes among hospitalized patients with advanced cancer were because of full code orders in patients who had a preference for DNR before hospitalization. Transitions due of acute clinical deterioration were associated with less patient engagement and a higher likelihood of inpatient death. Cancer 2017;123:4895‐902. © 2017 American Cancer Society.
A novel cross‐layer communication protocol for vehicular sensor networks
Authors: Wang Tong , Wang Yunfeng , Liu Bingyi , Wang Xibo , Zhang Jianfeng , Hussain Azhar , Wang Peng , Cao Yue
Published: September 2017

Communication protocols in vehicular sensor networks (VSNs) in urban areas play an important role in intelligent transport systems applications. Many cross‐layer communication protocol studies are originated from topology‐based algorithms, which is not suitable for the frequently changing computational scenario. In addition, the influence factors that have been considered for VSNs routing are not enough. With these aspects in mind, this paper proposes a multifactor cross‐layer position‐based routing protocol for VSNs to improve reliability and efficiency in message delivery. Considering the complex intersection environment, the algorithm for vehicles selection at intersections (called AVSI) is further proposed, in which comprehensive factors are taken into account including the position and direction of vehicle, the vehicle density, the signal‐to‐noise‐plus‐interference ratio, and the frame error rate in MAC layer. Meanwhile, the dynamic HELLO_STREAM broadcasting system with the various vehicle speeds is proposed to increase the decisions accuracy. Experimental results in network simulator 3 show the advantage of multifactor cross‐layer position‐based routing protocol over traditional state‐of‐the‐art algorithms in terms of packet delivery ratio, overhead, and the mean end‐to‐end delay.
How far do adult turtles move? Home range and dispersal of Kinosternon integrum
Authors: Pérez‐Pérez Ailed , López‐Moreno Ana Esthela , Suárez‐Rodríguez Orlando , Rheubert Justin Lloyd , Hernández‐Gallegos Oswaldo
Published: September 2017

We describe the home range and movements of a population of Kinosternon integrum in Tonatico, Estado de México, México, over 3.5 years (during rainy and dry season months) using radiotelemetry in 37 adult turtles. The results showed that the home range of K. integrum was 0.151 ± 0.051 ha using 50% kernel density estimator (KDE), and 0.657 ± 0.214 ha using 95% KDE; the home range did not vary between sexes. Kinosternon integrum showed low distances traveled 51.44 ± 4.50 m, where 87.3% (n = 373) of movements were <100 m. The distance traveled differed by season, and movement category (aquatic and terrestrial movements). The shortest distance occurred during the dry season, during which some individuals move to estivation sites, and these movements were shorter than movements to artificial ponds (cattle ponds). In this population, home range and movement are similar to other species of the genus Kinosternon. Overall, the results indicate than K. integrum are highly dependent on aquatic habitats, but also utilize the terrestrial habitats for different biological activities, and to maintain viable populations. Therefore, the conservation of the entire inhabited area is fundamental. This study highlights the need to increase the studies, in Central México, concerning habitat use of freshwater turtles in order to increase the efficiency of conservation strategies.
The role of the miR‐148/‐152 family in physiology and disease
Authors: Friedrich Michael , Pracht Katharina , Mashreghi Mir‐Farzin , Jäck Hans‐Martin , Radbruch Andreas , Seliger Barbara
Published: September 2017

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenously encoded ∼22 nt small non‐coding RNAs. They function as key players of many cellular processes by base pairing with target mRNAs and thereby impairing gene expression at the post‐transcriptional level. Recent findings demonstrate a critical role of many miRNAs in immune cell differentiation and immune responses, which is also associated with the development and progression of many tumor and non‐tumor diseases. Here we review the multifaceted miRNA‐148/‐152 family members consisting of miR‐148a, miR‐148b and miR‐152. Next to regulation mechanisms that control the expression of this miRNA family, we will focus on (i) the role of miR‐148a in regulating B and T lymphocyte function and its role in associated diseases and (ii) the importance of miR‐148/‐152 family members for cancer initiation, tumor growth and metastasis formation. In addition, this review aims to highlight some selected targets of the miRNA‐148/‐152 family members, which are involved in the biology of cancer and maintenance of epigenetic patterns. In conclusion, members of the miR‐148/‐152 family might represent prognostic markers and/or potential therapeutic targets for treatment of autoimmune disorders, chronic inflammatory diseases and multiple types of cancer.
Silica‐modified Electrodes for Electrochemical Detection of Malachite Green
Authors: Sacara Ana Maria , Nairi Valentina , Salis Andrea , Turdean Graziella Liana , Muresan Liana Maria
Published: September 2017

New silica‐modified glassy carbon electrodes prepared with three different sorts of ordered mesoporous silica (OMS) were characterized and tested for the electrochemical detection of Malachite Green (MG). The electrodes were prepared by drop casting using silica suspensions and, for stability sake, a Nafion coating was deposited on the electrode top by the same technique. Square wave anodic stripping voltammetry was used to investigate the effect of various experimental parameters (deposition time, solution pH, silica type and concentration) on the performance of the modified electrodes. The best electrode (GC/MCM‐41‐NH2/Nafion) with detection limit 0.36 μM, sensitivity 0.164±0.003 A/M; linear domain 1–6 μM was applied to detect MG in a commercial product commonly used as biocide in aquaria for ornamental fish.
Ultrafast Nonlinear Optical Properties of a Graphene Saturable Mirror in the 2 μm Wavelength Region
Authors: Wang Gaozhong , Wang Kangpeng , Szydłowska Beata M. , Baker‐Murray Aidan A. , Wang Jing Jing , Feng Yanyan , Zhang Xiaoyan , Wang Jun , Blau Werner J.
Published: September 2017

Mid‐infrared ultrafast lasers have emerged as a promising platform for both science and industry because of their inherent high raw power and eye‐safe spectrum. 2D nanostructures such as graphene have emerged as promising photonic materials for laser mode‐locking to generate ultrashort pulses. However, there are still many unanswered questions about graphene's key advantages to be practical devices, especially over the matured semiconductor saturable absorber mirror (SESAM). In this work, we conducted systematic comparisons on the nonlinear optical properties of graphene and that of a commercial SESAM at 2 μm wavelength. Our results showed that graphene has significant advantages over the commercial SESAM, exhibiting ∼28% less absorptive cross‐section ratio of excited‐state to ground‐state and ∼50 times faster relaxation time. This implies that graphene can be exploited as a better mode‐locker than the current commercial SESAM for high power, high repetition rate and ultrafast mid‐infrared laser sources.
Quantification of AKBA in Boswellia sacra Using NIRS Coupled with PLSR as an Alternative Method and Cross‐Validation by HPLC
Authors: Rehman Najeeb Ur , Ali Liaqat , Al‐Harrasi Ahmed , Mabood Fazal , Al‐Broumi Muhammed , Khan Abdul Latif , Hussain Hidayat , Hussain Javid , Csuk René
Published: September 2017

Introduction

3‐O‐Acetyl‐11‐keto‐β‐boswellic acid (AKBA), one of the pentacyclic triterpenoids, is the main biologically active constituent in the resin of Boswellia sacra and has received significant pharmacological interest in recent years.

Objective

It was aimed to develop a robust method to quantify the AKBA content in methanolic extracts of different parts of B. sacra plants and in various fractions of its resin exudates through near‐infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) coupled with partial least squares regression (PLSR).

Material and Methods

The near‐infrared (NIR) spectra were used to measure the AKBA standards and B. sacra samples at a wavelength range between 700 and 2500 nm in absorption mode. A PLSR model was built from the obtained spectral data using 70% of the AKBA working standard solutions (training set), ranging from 0.1 ppm to 100 ppm. The final PLSR showed a R2 value of 99% with a root mean square error of cross‐validation (RMSECV) value of 0.39% and a R2 value of 99%.

Results

The results showed that a 50% CHCl3/n‐hexane sub‐fraction has the highest concentration of AKBA (14.8%), followed by 55% CHCl3/n‐hexane (13.6%), and 40% CHCl3/n‐hexane (6.1%).

Conclusion

As the results achieved with the proposed NIRS methodology are in close agreement to the results of AKBA analysis using HPLC, we suggest that our proposed NIRS method is a fast alternative and non‐destructive method for the analysis of AKBA in different samples of B. sacra. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Decolorization of organic dyes solution by atmospheric pressure glow discharge system working in a liquid flow‐through mode
Authors: Jamroz Piotr , Dzimitrowicz Anna , Pohl Pawel
Published: September 2017

A new atmospheric pressure glow discharge (APGD) plasma‐reaction system generated between a flowing liquid electrode and an Ar microjet nozzle is applied to decompose various organic dyes. The APGD system is working in a flow‐through mode in an open to air atmosphere. Degradation of the organic dyes and formation of reactive oxide and nitrogen species in the liquid and plasma‐liquid interface zone are studied. Effectiveness of this system in decomposition of the organic dyes is also compared with that achieved for the classical advances oxidation processes (AOPs), based on the reaction with H2O2 and with a mixture of H2O2 with ions. The results obtained here indicate that the examined APGD system is very promising for efficient degradation of organic dyes.
Toward inclusive therapy with CFTR modulators: Progress and challenges
Authors: Guimbellot Jennifer , Sharma Jyoti , Rowe Steven M.
Published: September 2017

Cystic fibrosis is caused by gene mutations that result in an abnormal Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator (CFTR) protein on the surface of cells. CFTR modulators are a novel class of drugs that directly target the molecular defect. CFTR modulators include potentiators that result in improved activity of the channel; correctors that help the protein traffic to the cell surface properly; and readthrough agents that restore full‐length CFTR by suppression of premature termination codons, among other novel classes more recently established. While some of these drugs, CFTR potentiators in particular, have provided remarkable improvements for CF patients, others have yet to achieve profoundly improved outcomes, and many CF patients are not yet impacted by CFTR modulators due to lack of knowledge regarding susceptibility of their mutations to treatment. One limitation to expanding these types of therapies to the maximum number of patients with CF is the lack of rigorously validated clinical biomarkers that can determine efficacy on an individual basis, as well as few pre‐clinical tools that can predict whether an individual with a rare combination of mutant alleles will respond to a particular CFTR modulator regimen. In this review, we discuss the various groups of CFTR modulators and their status in clinical development, as well as address the current literature on biomarkers, pre‐clinical cell‐based tools, and the role of pharmacometrics in creating therapeutic strategies to improve the lives of all patients with cystic fibrosis, regardless of their specific mutation.
The impact of regional economic performance on intergenerational geographical distance in China
Authors: Zhang Kezhong , Wang Junpeng , Ma Yuanyuan
Published: September 2017

Using data from a national representative survey, China Family Panel Studies, we assess the impact of regional economic performance on intergenerational geographical distance in China, which is one of the largest developing economies and which has experienced a drastic economic and social transition. Employing an ordered probit model, we find that the economic performance of the region where the parents live is negatively associated with the geographical distance between parents and their adult children. This negative association is mainly driven by individuals from rural areas. This association is stronger for adult children who are younger, better educated, male, and without siblings. Further analysis shows that longer intergenerational geographical distances are negatively related to the instrumental support that is received by older parents. The findings have critical implications for social and health policies in a country that has the largest elderly population and is one of the most rapidly ageing societies in the world.
Cryopreserved Off-the-Shelf Allogeneic Adipose-Derived Stromal Cells for Therapy in Patients with Ischemic Heart Disease and Heart Failure—A Safety Study
Authors: Kastrup Jens , Haack-Sørensen Mandana , Juhl Morten , Harary Søndergaard Rebekka , Follin Bjarke , Drozd Lund Lisbeth , Mønsted Johansen Ellen , Ali Qayyum Abbas , Bruun Mathiasen Anders , Jørgensen Erik , Helqvist Steffen , Jørgen Elberg Jens , Bruunsgaard Helle , Ekblond Annette
Published: September 2017

The present first-in-human clinical trial evaluated the safety and feasibility of a newly developed and cryopreserved Cardiology Stem Cell Centre adipose-derived stromal cell (CSCC_ASC) product from healthy donors for intramyocardial injection in ten patients with ischemic heart disease and ischemic heart failure (IHF). Batches of CSCC_ASC were isolated from three healthy donors by liposuction from abdominal adipose tissue. Adipose mesenchymal stromal cells were culture expanded in bioreactors without the use of animal constituents, cryopreserved, and stored in vials in nitrogen dry-storage containers until use.

Direct injection of CSCC_ASC into the myocardium did not cause any complications or serious adverse events related to either treatment or cell administration in a 6-month follow-up period. Four out of ten heart failure patients developed donor-specific de novo human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I antibodies, and two out of ten patients had donor-specific HLA antibodies already at baseline. There were no clinical symptoms or changes in inflammatory parameters in the follow-up period that indicated an ongoing immune response. There was a tendency toward improvement in cardiac function after CSCC_ASC treatment at 6-month follow-up: left ventricular end systolic volume decreased and left ventricular ejection fraction increased. In addition, exercise capacity increased. These changes were independent of the presence or absence of HLA antibodies.

It is concluded that the newly developed cryopreserved product CSCC_ASC from healthy donors was a safe and feasible treatment. We observed a tendency toward efficacy in patients with IHF. These findings have to be confirmed in larger placebo controlled clinical trials.
Cloud‐based performance management of community care services
Authors: Eze Benjamin , Kuziemsky Craig , Peyton Liam
Published: September 2017

Triple Aim for connected care is about improving patient experience, improving population health, and lowering cost of care. One of the key challenges to operationalizing Triple Aim is our ability to measure improvements at all levels of the health care ecosystem especially with respect to connected care. With a lack of interoperability between stakeholders in the health care system, our ability to measure quality of care goals is limited. Cloud computing offers the potential to improve data sharing and interoperability, thereby providing a good framework for operationalizing Triple Aim. In this paper, we evaluate our systematic framework for performance management of community care services based on a successful implementation for a large urban health region in support of Triple Aim. Three critical roadblocks to interoperability in a cloud computing context are identified (infrastructure, common data model, and a compliance framework), and alternative approaches to addressing them are evaluated and discussed.
Discretion and State Influence at the International Criminal Court: The Prosecutor's Preliminary Examinations
Authors: Bosco David
Published: September 2017

In November 2016, the Office of the Prosecutor (OTP) at the International Criminal Court (ICC) produced an extensive report documenting the status of ten “preliminary examinations” it is conducting. These examinations cover situations in which crimes under the jurisdiction of the Court may have been committed but the prosecutor has not yet decided to open a full investigation. The OTP's reporting practice has shed additional light on a process that has been opaque for much of the Court's existence and that has attracted relatively limited scholarly and specialist attention.
INFINITISM AND SCEPTICISM
Authors: Oakley Tim
Published: September 2017

Infinitism, in contrast to foundationalism and coherentism, claims that justification in any proposition requires the availability of an infinite chain of propositional reasons, each providing a justificatory reason for its successor in the chain. Both infinitists and some critics of the theory have at times noted the possibility that the theory may have sceptical consequences for doxastic justification. It is argued here that, for reasons that appear not to have been previously appreciated, sceptical results very definitely do follow from infinitism. On one construal of infinitism, this constitutes a reductio of the theory. On an alternative construal, infinitists may embrace the sceptical conclusion, but in doing so, will take on all the problems that scepticism faces.
Effect of Pyrasulfotole Carryover to Peanut and Tobacco
Authors: Grey Timothy L. , Diera Alexx , Moore J. Michael , Rucker Keith S. , Butts Christopher L.
Published: September 2017

In the southeastern United States, growers often double-crop soft red winter wheat with peanut. In some areas, tobacco is also grown as a rotational crop. Pyrasulfotole is a residual POST-applied herbicide used in winter wheat, but information about its effects on rotational crops is limited. Winter wheat planted in autumn 2014 was treated at Feekes stage 1 or 2 with pyrasulfotole at 300 or 600 g ai ha−1. Wheat was terminated by glyphosate at Feekes stage 3 to 4. Peanut was planted via strip tillage, while tobacco was transplanted into prepared beds after minimal soil disturbance. Peanut exhibited no differences in stand establishment, growth, or yield, and tobacco stand, growth, and biomass yields were not different from the nontreated control for any pyrasulfotole rate or treatment timing.
Mystery of the Ionosphere’s “Gyro Line” Solved
Authors: Zastrow Mark
Published: September 2017

A new study provides an updated hypothesis to describe a unique radar signature from plasma waves high above Earth, correcting errors that had stood for decades.
Extremely high electrical conductance of microporous 3D graphene-like zeolite-templated carbon framework
Authors: Lee Hyunsoo , Kim Kyoungsoo , Kang Seoung-Hun , Kwon Yonghyun , Kim Jong Hun , Kwon Young-Kyun , Ryoo Ryong , Park Jeong Young
Published: September 2017

We report the remarkably high electrical conductance of microporous 3D graphene-like carbons that were formed using lanthanum (La)-catalyzed synthesis in a Y zeolite (LaY) template investigated using conductive atomic force microscopy (C-AFM) and theoretical calculations. To uncover the relation between local electrical conductance and the microporous structures, we tuned the crystallographic ordering of LaY-templated carbon systems by changing the heating temperature. The structure of the LaY-templated carbon prepared at the higher temperature has graphene-like sp
2
hybridized bonds, which was confirmed using high-resolution transmission electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction measurements. C-AFM current–voltage spectroscopy revealed that the local current flow in the LaY-templated carbon depends on the quantity of C–C bonds within the narrow neck between the closed supercages (i.e. there are three types of carbon: carbon with heat treatment, carbon without heat treatment, and carbon synthesized at low temperature). The difference in electrical conductance on the LaY-templated carbon was also confirmed via theoretical computation using the Boltzmann transport theory and the deformation potential theory based on the density functional theory. These results suggest that the degree of order of the pores in the 3D zeolite-templated carbon structures is directly related to electrical conductance.
Protective efficacy of phosphodiesterase-1 inhibition against alpha-synuclein toxicity revealed by compound screening in LUHMES cells
Authors: Höllerhage Matthias , Moebius Claudia , Melms Johannes , Chiu Wei-Hua , Goebel Joachim N. , Chakroun Tasnim , Koeglsperger Thomas , Oertel Wolfgang H. , Rösler Thomas W. , Bickle Marc , Höglinger Günter U.
Published: September 2017

α-synuclein-induced neurotoxicity is a core pathogenic event in neurodegenerative synucleinopathies such as Parkinson’s disease, dementia with Lewy bodies, or multiple system atrophy. There is currently no disease-modifying therapy available for these diseases. We screened 1,600 FDA-approved drugs for their efficacy to protect LUHMES cells from degeneration induced by wild-type α-synuclein and identified dipyridamole, a non-selective phosphodiesterase inhibitor, as top hit. Systematic analysis of other phosphodiesterase inhibitors identified a specific phosphodiesterase 1 inhibitor as most potent to rescue from α-synuclein toxicity. Protection was mediated by an increase of cGMP and associated with the reduction of a specific α-synuclein oligomeric species. RNA interference experiments confirmed PDE1A and to a smaller extent PDE1C as molecular targets accounting for the protective efficacy. PDE1 inhibition also rescued dopaminergic neurons from wild-type α-synuclein induced degeneration in the substantia nigra of mice. In conclusion, this work identifies inhibition of PDE1A in particular as promising target for neuroprotective treatment of synucleinopathies.
Butyrate-producing bacteria supplemented in vitro to Crohn’s disease patient microbiota increased butyrate production and enhanced intestinal epithelial barrier integrity
Authors: Geirnaert Annelies , Calatayud Marta , Grootaert Charlotte , Laukens Debby , Devriese Sarah , Smagghe Guy , De Vos Martine , Boon Nico , Van de Wiele Tom
Published: September 2017

The management of the dysbiosed gut microbiota in inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) is gaining more attention as a novel target to control this disease. Probiotic treatment with butyrate-producing bacteria has therapeutic potential since these bacteria are depleted in IBD patients and butyrate has beneficial effects on epithelial barrier function and overall gut health. However, studies assessing the effect of probiotic supplementation on microbe-microbe and host-microbe interactions are rare. In this study, butyrate-producing bacteria (three mono-species and one multispecies mix) were supplemented to the fecal microbial communities of ten Crohn’s disease (CD) patients in an in vitro system simulating the mucus- and lumen-associated microbiota. Effects of supplementation in short-chain fatty acid levels, bacterial colonization of mucus environment and intestinal epithelial barrier function were evaluated. Treatment with F. prausnitzii and the mix of six butyrate-producers significantly increased the butyrate production by 5–11 mol%, and colonization capacity in mucus- and lumen-associated CD microbiota. Treatments with B. pullicaecorum 25-3T and the mix of six butyrate-producers improved epithelial barrier integrity in vitro. This study provides proof-of-concept data for the therapeutic potential of butyrate-producing bacteria in CD and supports the future preclinical development of a probiotic product containing butyrate-producing species.
Calcitriol reduces kidney development disorders in rats provoked by losartan administration during lactation
Authors: de Almeida Lucas Ferreira , Francescato Heloísa Della Coletta , da Silva Cleonice Giovanini Alves , Costa Roberto Silva , Coimbra Terezila Machado
Published: September 2017

Calcitriol has important effects on cellular differentiation and proliferation, as well as on the regulation of the renin gene. Disturbances in renal development can be observed in rats exposed to angiotensin II (AngII) antagonists during lactation period. The lack of tubular differentiation in losartan-treated rats can affect calcitriol uptake. This study evaluated the effect of calcitriol administration in renal development disturbances in rats provoked by losartan (AngII type 1 receptor antagonist) administration during lactation. Animals exposed to losartan presented higher albuminuria, systolic blood pressure, increased sodium and potassium fractional excretion, and decreased glomerular filtration rate compared to controls. These animals also showed a decreased glomerular area and a higher interstitial relative area from the renal cortex, with increased expression of fibronectin, alpha-SM-actin, vimentin, and p-JNK; and an increased number of macrophages, p-p38, PCNA and decreased cubilin expression. Increased urinary excretion of MCP-1 and TGF-β was also observed. All these alterations were less intense in the losartan + calcitriol group.The animals treated with calcitriol showed an improvement in cellular differentiation, and in renal function and structure. This effect was associated with reduction of cell proliferation and inflammation.
Identification and characterization of the novel reversible and selective cathepsin X inhibitors
Authors: Fonović Urša Pečar , Mitrović Ana , Knez Damijan , Jakoš Tanja , Pišlar Anja , Brus Boris , Doljak Bojan , Stojan Jure , Žakelj Simon , Trontelj Jurij , Gobec Stanislav , Kos Janko
Published: September 2017

Cathepsin X is a cysteine peptidase involved in the progression of cancer and neurodegenerative diseases. Targeting this enzyme with selective inhibitors opens a new possibility for intervention in several therapeutic areas. In this study triazole-based reversible and selective inhibitors of cathepsin X have been identified. Their selectivity and binding is enhanced when the 2,3-dihydrobenzo[b][1,4]dioxine moiety is present as the R1substituent. Of a series of selected triazole-benzodioxine derivatives, compound22is the most potent inhibitor of cathepsin X carboxypeptidase activity (Ki = 2.45 ± 0.05 μM) with at least 100-fold greater selectivity in comparison to cathepsin B or other related cysteine peptidases. Compound22is not cytotoxic to prostate cancer cells PC-3 or pheochromocytoma PC-12 cells at concentrations up to 10 μM. It significantly inhibits the migration of tumor cells and increases the outgrowth of neurites, both processes being under the control of cathepsin X carboxypeptidase activity. Compound22and other characterized triazole-based inhibitors thus possess a great potential for further development resulting in severalin vivoapplications.
End-Cretaceous akaganéite as a mineral marker of Deccan volcanism in the sedimentary record
Authors: Font Eric , Carlut Julie , Rémazeilles Céline , Mather Tamsin A. , Nédélec Anne , Mirão José , Casale Sandra
Published: September 2017

An enigmatic chloride-rich iron (oxyhydr)oxide has been recently identified together with mercury anomalies in End-Cretaceous marine sediments coeval with the Deccan Traps eruptions. The mineral was observed in Bidart (France) and Gubbio (Italy), suggesting a widespread phenomenon. However, the exact nature and origin of this Cl-bearing mineral remained speculative. Here, we characterized the accurate composition and nanostructure of this chloride-rich phase by using micro-Raman spectroscopy, Transmission (TEM) and Scanning (SEM) Electron Microscopy on Focused Ion Beam foils. We also provide new evidence of its occurrence in Zumaia, a reference KPg section from Spain. Results confirm akaganéite (β-FeOOH) as the main phase, with chloride content of 3–5 atomic weight %. Akaganéite particles are constituted by the aggregation of nanorods of akaganéite. Internal structures contain empty spaces, suggesting formation in a low-density (atmospheric) environment. This new mineralogical evidence supports the hypothesis that the observed akaganéite was formed in the Deccan volcanic plume and was transported to the Atlantic and Tethysian realms through the stratosphere. Therefore, akaganéite provides a potential new sedimentary marker to identify the imprint of the Deccan eruptions in the stratigraphic record and is evidence of volcanic halogen degassing and its potential role for the Cretaceous-Tertiary mass extinction.
Synergistic silver/scandium catalysis for divergent synthesis of skeletally diverse chromene derivatives
Authors: Liu Shuai , Chen Ke , Lan Xin-Chan , Hao Wen-Juan , Li Guigen , Tu Shu-Jiang , Jiang Bo
Published: September 2017

The combination of AgTFA and Sc(OTf)3 enables the bimetallic synergistic catalysis of β-alkynyl ketones and o-hydroxybenzyl alcohols, allowing divergent synthesis of three classes of skeletally diverse chromene derivatives with generally high diastereoselectivity through dehydroxylated bi- and tri-cyclization cascades.
The microstructure and piezoelectric properties of Sb-modified and Ca-modified (K,Na)NbO3 nanowires with polycrystalline phase boundaries
Authors: Meng Xianghe , Wang Wen , Zhang Peifeng , Ke Hua , Rao Jiancun , Zhou Yu
Published: September 2017

The synthesis of a Ca-modified (K,Na)NbO3 one-dimensional nanowire with a polycrystalline phase boundary and its investigation by convergent beam electron diffraction (CBED).
The effect of the phase structure on physicochemical properties of TMO materials: a case of spinel to bunsenite
Authors: Wang Chengzhi , Zhao Yongjie , Ximei Zhai , Su Dezhi , Ding Caihua , Li Jingbo , Jin Haibo
Published: September 2017

It is worthwhile to comprehensively investigate the relationship between different phase structures and physicochemical properties of TMO materials.
Immobilization of alkynyl functionalized manganese phthalocyanine via click electrochemistry for electrocatalytic oxygen evolution reaction
Authors: Öztaş B. , Akyüz D. , Koca A.
Published: September 2017

Modified electrodes (ITO/PANI-N3-MnPc and GCE/PANI-N3-MnPc) were constructed by click electrochemistry (CEC). The GCE/PANI-N3-MnPc electrode was tested as a potential electrocatalyst for water splitting reaction.
Mechanisms of molecular water oxidation in solution and on oxide surfaces
Authors: Meyer Thomas J. , Sheridan Matthew V. , Sherman Benjamin D.
Published: September 2017

Initial experiments on water oxidation by well-defined molecular catalysts were initiated with the goal of finding solutions to solar energy conversion.
The role of non-covalent interaction for the adsorption of CO2 and hydrocarbons with per-hydroxylated pillar[6]arene: a computational study
Authors: Sahu Debashis , Jana Kalyanashis , Ganguly Bishwajit
Published: September 2017

A systematic study has been performed with DFT calculations for the physisorption of CO2, CH4, and n-butane gases by pillar[6]arene (PA[6]) in gas phase.
Effects of wheat peptide supplementation on anti-fatigue and immunoregulation during incremental swimming exercise in rats
Authors: Zheng Zhiqiang , Yang Xiaoxue , Liu Jin , Qian Ping , Hao Limin , Wang Zhenyu , Guo Shuntang
Published: September 2017

This study elucidated the effects of wheat peptide administration on anti-fatigue and immunoregulation functions in rats.
Thermo-oxidative ageing effect on mechanical properties and morphology of short fibre reinforced polyamide composites – comparison of carbon and glass fibres
Authors: Sang Lin , Wang Chuo , Wang Yukai , Wei Zhiyong
Published: September 2017

Schematic model of mechanical performance of short fibre reinforced polyamide 6 composites for thermo-oxidative ageing at different ageing temperatures.
Novel multi-analyte responsive ionic supramolecular gels based on pyridinium functionalized-naphthalimide
Authors: Lin Qi , Mao Peng-Peng , Fan Yan-Qing , Jia Pei-Pei , Liu Juan , Zhang You-Ming , Yao Hong , Wei Tai-Bao
Published: September 2017

A series of novel ionic supramolecular gels are constructed using a simple gelator, which show selective responses for I−, Hg2+,l-Arg andl-Ser.
Band structure and photoconductivity of blue-green light absorbing AlTiN films
Authors: Tatemizo Nobuyuki , Miura Yoshio , Nishio Koji , Hirata Shun , Sawa Fumihiro , Fukui Kazutoshi , Isshiki Toshiyuki , Imada Saki
Published: September 2017

AlTiN is one of the promising candidate materials for solar energy conversion.
Influence of crystal phase on TiO2 nanowire anodes in sodium ion batteries
Authors: Liu Yi , Zhao Feipeng , Li Jitao , Li Yanguang , McLeod John A. , Liu Lijia
Published: September 2017

We elucidate the differences in sodium storage mechanism of TiO2(B) and anatase TiO2 nanowires as anodes in sodium ion batteries.
Robust control for a class of non‐linear discrete time‐delay systems with controller failure: a probability‐dependent method
Authors: Nie Hong , Sang Hong , Li Ping
Published: September 2017

This study addresses the issue of robust control for a class of discrete‐time delayed non‐linear systems in the presence of controller failure by using a probability‐dependent method. Considering the stochasticity and inevitability of controller failure, they propose a notion of controller probabilistic failure. Based on the idea of switching, the studied systems are converted into a kind of stochastic switched systems. When the probability information is available, a probability‐dependent switching strategy is developed by application of piecewise Lyapunov function and average dwell time approaches such that the system is exponentially mean square stable with weighted performance. At the same time, a probability‐dependent weighted switching controller is designed. Moreover, the obtained results are also shown to be feasible when the probability information cannot be known accurately. Finally, two simulation examples are provided to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Was heißt eigentlich „alt sein“?
Authors: Rester Christian
Published: September 2017

Altern und Intensivstation Wir werden immer älter und damit anfälliger für Krankheiten, die zu einem Aufenthalt auf einer
Intensivstation führen können. Die Intensivpflege kann sich schon heute darauf einstellen, immer mehr ältere Menschen zu versorgen. Chance
und Herausforderung zugleich für die Pflegenden, die sich auf veränderte Patientenbedürfnisse, neue Therapieformen und eine veränderte
Geschwindigkeit in der Versorgung der älteren Patienten einstellen müssen.
Anti-parallel dimer and tetramer formation of propylene carbonate
Authors: Tagawa Ayana , Numata Tomoko , Shikata Toshiyuki
Published: September 2017

Raman scattering and infrared (IR) absorption spectra of enantiopure (R)-propylene carbonate ((R)PC) and racemic propylene carbonate (PC) were recorded at room temperature, 25 °C, in benzene (Bz) solution and in the pure liquid state to investigate the presence of dimers and other higher order intermolecular associations. (R)PC and PC both demonstrated a strong C=O stretching vibrational band. The band exhibited changes in its shape and resonance wavenumber highly dependent on the concentrations of PCs, whereas a difference between the chirality of (R)PC and PC had little influence. In an extremely dilute condition, doubly split bands were observed at 1807 and 1820 cm-1 in both Raman and IR spectra, which are assigned to the characteristic bands of isolated monomeric PCs. An additional band appeared at 1795 cm-1 in a dilute to concentrated regime, and its magnitude strengthened with increasing concentrations accompanied with slight increasing in the magnitude of 1807 cm-1 band in Raman spectra, while an increase in the magnitude of 1807 cm-1 band was clearly greater than that of 1795 cm-1 band in IR spectra. The spectrum changes at 1795 and 1807 cm-1 were attributed to characteristics of anti-parallel dimer formation of PCs caused by strong dipole-dipole interactions between C=O groups. Moreover, another additional signal was clearly observed at 1780-1790 cm-1 in a concentrated regime, and became the primary signal in the pure liquid state with slight increasing in the intensity of 1795 cm-1 band in Raman spectra. On the other hand, in IR spectra the observed increasing of 1780-1790 cm-1 band was much less than that of 1795 cm-1 band. These newly found spectrum changes in the concentrated regime are attributed to the formation of anti-parallel tetramers of PCs based on the characteristics of band selection rule found in Raman and IR spectra. Equilibrium constants for the anti-parallel dimer (KD) and tetramer formation (KT) of PCs in Bz solution and in the pure liquid state were also determined using the Raman and IR data assuming chemical processes: 4PC ↔ 2(PC)2 ↔ (PC)4.
Noncanonical regulation of insulin-mediated ERK activation by phosphoinositide 3-kinase γ
Authors: Mohan Maradumane L. , Chatterjee Arunachal , Ganapathy Swetha , Mukherjee Sromona , Srikanthan Sowmya , Jolly George P. , Anand Rohit S. , Prasad Sathyamangla V. Naga
Published: September 2017

Classically Class IB phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3Kγ) plays a role in extracellular signal–regulated kinase (ERK) activation following G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) activation. Knock-down of PI3Kγ unexpectedly resulted in loss of ERK activation to receptor tyrosine kinase agonists such as epidermal growth factor or insulin. Mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) or primary adult cardiac fibroblasts isolated from PI3Kγ knock-out mice (PI3KγKO) showed decreased insulin-stimulated ERK activation. However, expression of kinase-dead PI3Kγ resulted in rescue of insulin-stimulated ERK activation. Mechanistically, PI3Kγ sequesters protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A), disrupting ERK–PP2A interaction, as evidenced by increased ERK–PP2A interaction and associated PP2A activity in PI3KγKO MEFs, resulting in decreased ERK activation. Furthermore, β-blocker carvedilol-mediated β-arrestin-dependent ERK activation is significantly reduced in PI3KγKO MEF, suggesting accelerated dephosphorylation. Thus, instead of classically mediating the kinase arm, PI3Kγ inhibits PP2A by scaffolding and sequestering, playing a key parallel synergistic step in sustaining the function of ERK, a nodal enzyme in multiple cellular processes.
Poor Performance on a Preoperative Cognitive Screening Test Predicts Postoperative Complications in Older Orthopedic Surgical Patients
Authors: Culley Deborah J. , Flaherty Devon , Fahey Margaret C. , Rudolph James L. , Javedan Houman , Huang Chuan-Chin , Wright John , Bader Angela M. , Hyman Bradley T. , Blacker Deborah , Crosby Gregory
Published: September 2017

Background

The American College of Surgeons and the American Geriatrics Society have suggested that preoperative cognitive screening should be performed in older surgical patients. We hypothesized that unrecognized cognitive impairment in patients without a history of dementia is a risk factor for development of postoperative complications.

Methods

We enrolled 211 patients 65 yr of age or older without a diagnosis of dementia who were scheduled for an elective hip or knee replacement. Patients were cognitively screened preoperatively using the Mini-Cog and demographic, medical, functional, and emotional/social data were gathered using standard instruments or review of the medical record. Outcomes included discharge to place other than home (primary outcome), delirium, in-hospital medical complications, hospital length-of-stay, 30-day emergency room visits, and mortality. Data were analyzed using univariate and multivariate analyses.

Results

Fifty of 211 (24%) patients screened positive for probable cognitive impairment (Mini-Cog less than or equal to 2). On age-adjusted multivariate analysis, patients with a Mini-Cog score less than or equal to 2 were more likely to be discharged to a place other than home (67% vs. 34%; odds ratio = 3.88, 95% CI = 1.58 to 9.55), develop postoperative delirium (21% vs. 7%; odds ratio = 4.52, 95% CI = 1.30 to 15.68), and have a longer hospital length of stay (hazard ratio = 0.63, 95% CI = 0.42 to 0.95) compared to those with a Mini-Cog score greater than 2.

Conclusions

Many older elective orthopedic surgical patients have probable cognitive impairment preoperatively. Such impairment is associated with development of delirium postoperatively, a longer hospital stay, and lower likelihood of going home upon hospital discharge.
Hemiepiphyseodesis for Juvenile and Adolescent Tibia Vara Utilizing Percutaneous Transphyseal Screws
Authors: Murphy Robert F. , Pacult Mark A. , Barfield William R. , Mooney James F.
Published: September 2017

Background:

In juvenile and adolescent tibia vara patients with sufficient growth remaining, implant-controlled hemiepiphyseodesis, or guided growth, can be used to correct deformity. Recent reports have described hardware failure of certain hemiepiphyseodesis implants in overweight patients with tibia vara. We describe our experience using transphyseal screws to correct deformity in this patient population.

Methods:

A retrospective chart and radiograph review was conducted on all juvenile and adolescent tibia vara patients who underwent lateral proximal tibial hemiepiphyseodesis using a single transphyseal screw. Charts were queried for preoperative and postoperative mechanical axis deviation, medial proximal tibial angle, lateral distal femoral angle, and postoperative complications or need for further surgery.

Results:

In total, 14 affected limbs in 9 patients (6 males) who underwent lateral proximal tibial transphyseal screw hemiepiphyseodesis were considered. Average chronologic age at implantation was 10.4 years and average body mass index was 31.7 kg/m2. At average 23-month follow-up, the average mechanical axis deviation improved from 46 to 0 mm (P<0.001), and the average medial proximal tibial angle improved from 81 to 92 degrees (P<0.001). No limbs underwent further surgery to correct residual deformity. There were no complications or instances of implant failure associated with the transphyseal screws.

Conclusions:

Hemiepiphyseodesis using transphyseal screws is an effective technique to correct deformity in juvenile and adolescent tibia vara patients with sufficient growth remaining. This method can be used safely with few complications and with minimal risk of mechanical failure, even in overweight patients.

Level of Evidence:

Level IV—therapeutic.