bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Propuesta de mejora en los niveles para la intersección de la Av. La Marina con la Av. Antonio José de Sucre utilizando el software Vissim V0.9
Authors:   , Castillo Polo Juan Eduardo , Pérez Sovero Joe Moisés
Published: July 2021

La presente tesis evalúa los niveles de servicio de la intersección de la Av. La Marina con la Av. Sucre, debido al incremento de la congestión vehicular. Para ello se elaboró un modelo microscópico de la intersección donde se presentaron propuestas de mejora de la situación actual. El análisis de las propuestas se realizó en base al software Vissim 9.0. La presente investigación consta de 5 capítulos. El Capítulo 1, plantea la problemática del tráfico vehicular. Asimismo, se presentan antecedentes de investigaciones similares, la justificación del estudio, la hipótesis y los objetivos del estudio. El Capítulo 2, desarrolla el marco teórico de la investigación. Aquí se toma en cuenta estudios previos realizados e información correspondiente a microsimulación. Se presentan los tipos de modelos de tráfico, fundamentos de microsimulación, modelos de seguimiento vehicular y se explica el funcionamiento del software Vissim V9. El Capítulo 3, describe la metodología empleada en la presente investigación, además del procesamiento de la información, la construcción del modelo de microsimulación debidamente calibrado y validado. El Capítulo 4, presenta los resultados de la microsimulación, determinando el nivel de servicio actual de la intersección en “F” y que al implementar las propuestas de mejora se puede mejorar hasta un nivel “D”. El Capítulo 5, presenta las conclusiones y las recomendaciones. De lo indicado se puede concluir que el uso adecuado del software de simulación de tránsito, permite evaluar y optimizar de manera real los niveles de servicio de una intersección sin necesidad de intervenir de manera real en el área de estudio.
El Impacto del Capital Humano en el Crecimiento Económico del Perú entre los años 1970 – 2018
Authors:   , Cornejo Sosa Xiomi Milagros
Published: July 2021

La presente tesis tiene como objetivo medir la contribución del capital humano al crecimiento económico del Perú durante el periodo 1970-2018. Desde el punto de vista teórico, autores como Uzawa (1965), Romer (1986) y Lucas (1988) nos dicen que existe una relación positiva entre el capital humano y el crecimiento económico. No obstante, mediante la metodología de Engle y Granger (1987) el presente estudio muestra que dicha relación no se cumple para el caso peruano. Este resultado es atribuible a factores como la baja productividad del trabajador, la baja calidad educativa, la pobre infraestructura educativa, la baja inversión educativa, entre otros.
La participación de los brokers que influye en las exportaciones indirectas de uva fresca de las pymes en la Región Ica - Perú periodo 2014 – 2018
Authors:   , Sanjinés Chávez Paola Lucia , Peña Mendoza María Isabel
Published: July 2021

La presente investigación se enfocó en analizar la participación de los brokers y su influencia en las exportaciones indirectas de uva fresca de las pymes en la Región Ica en el periodo 2014 – 2018, la investigación fue de un enfoque cuantitativo deductivo correlacional y por las características de este estudio, también se utilizó un enfoque de investigación cualitativa. Para el enfoque cuantitativo se estudiaron 33 pymes utilizando estadística descriptiva, usando el software estadístico SPSS IBM; para el enfoque cualitativo, se utilizó un muestreo no probabilístico por conveniencia, aplicando una entrevista semi-estructurada, usando el programa Atlas ti 8. Los resultados arrojaron que los brokers si han influido en las exportaciones de uva, entendiendo que gracias los mismos se obtienen grandes beneficios, ya que promueven el libre comercio entre países lo cual ocasiona una suma positiva de ganancias económicas.
Aplicación de redes neuronales convolucionales para la emulación del modelo psicoacústico MPEG-1, capa I, para la codificación de señales de audio
Authors:   , Sanchez Huapaya Alonso Sebastián , Serpa Pinillos Sergio André
Published: July 2021

El presente trabajo propone 4 alternativas de codificadores inspirados en el codificador MPEG-1, capa I, descrito en el estándar ISO/IEC 11172-3. El problema que se intenta resolver es el de requerir definir un modelo psicoacústico explícitamente para lograr codificar audio, reemplazándolo por redes neuronales. Todas las alternativas de codificador están basadas en redes neuronales convolucionales multiescala (MCNN) que emulan el modelo psicoacústico 1 del codificador mencionado. Las redes tienen 32 entradas que corresponden a las 32 subbandas del nivel de presión sonora (SPL – sound pressure level), y una única salida que corresponde a una de las 32 subbandas de o bien la relación señal a máscara (SMR) o bien el vector de asignación de bits. Es decir, un codificador está compuesto de un conjunto de 32 redes neuronales. La validación empleó los 10 primeros segundos de 15 canciones elegidas aleatoriamente de 10 géneros musicales distintos. Se comparó la calidad de las señales de audio generadas por cada codificador contra la de MPEG-1, capa I, mediante la métrica de ODG. El codificador cuya entrada es el SPL y cuya salida es la SMR, planteado por Guillermo Kemper, obtuvo los mejores resultados al realizar la comparación para 96 kbps y 192 kbps. El codificador denominado “SBU1” obtuvo los mejores resultados para 128 kbps.
Propuesta de una arquitectura empresarial para una empresa comercializadora de huevos de gallina
Authors:   , Zapata Chumbes Abraham Edgardo , Sotelo Elias Victor Hugo
Published: July 2021

El presente proyecto profesional tiene como finalidad realizar una propuesta de arquitectura empresarial para una empresa comercial dedicada a la producción, venta y distribución de huevos de gallina. En efecto, se propone una solución que permita lograr una mejora substancial en el proceso de la planificación de entrega de productos a sus clientes finales, mejora que así mismo permitirá un proceso de distribución más eficiente, un manejo más eficiente de sus recursos, un mejor uso del tiempo de entrega y en consecuencia una mayor satisfacción del cliente final. Cambios que le permitirán continuar consolidándose como una de las principales empresas industriales avícolas. El objetivo general del presente proyecto es contribuir a lograr los objetivos estratégicos de la empresa referidos al mercado y gestión de ventas mediante el análisis de los principales pilares de la arquitectura empresarial como son los datos, procesos, aplicaciones y tecnología, aplicados a su área de entrega de productos. Así como también mediante la mejora de sus procesos relacionados y de esta manera poder obtener una mejora importante en la gestión de ventas. En el primer capítulo, se presenta información sobre el objeto de estudio, la misión, la visión y los objetivos estratégicos. En el segundo capítulo, se presenta información de la definición y obtención de los student outcomes en el presente proyecto. En el tercer capítulo, se presenta información sobre el marco teórico que nos ayuda a comprender los conceptos referidos al huevo como producto natural, a la arquitectura empresarial, modelos de referencia tecnológica y metodologías agiles que pueden utilizar. En el cuarto capítulo, se presenta información correspondiente al desarrollo del proyecto utilizando los marcos de trabajo ZACHMAN, TOGAF y el modelo arquitectural 4C. Finalmente, en el quinto capítulo se presenta información correspondiente al plan del proyecto.
Propuesta de mejoramiento de capacidad hidráulica del emisor submarino de la PTAR La Chira mediante el uso del coeficiente de contracción de las válvulas de retención tipo Duckbill en el tramo difusor
Authors:   , Igarza Sanchez Kiara Pierina , Oscorima Celis Jean Miguel
Published: July 2021

Los emisores submarinos son preferibles para la descarga de aguas residuales domesticas tratadas, debido a la capacidad de asimilación del mar como una opción más económica. Si se eligen los sistemas de salida al mar, la ubicación es fundamental para evitar el retorno de las aguas residuales a la zona costera y la recuperación del ecosistema marino. Sobre la base de la regulación del control de descarga de efluentes que exige la Autoridad Nacional del Agua (ANA) de la República Democrática del Perú, la concentración de bacterias debe estar por debajo de un cierto valor en el área protegida. Esta tesis está basada en el método de investigación aplicativo, debido a que en el Perú no existe mucha información científica con respecto a los emisores submarinos. Por ello, esta investigación busca aumentar información científica de tal modo que para los siguientes proyectos que tengan que ver con emisores submarinos sean más eficientes a nivel hidráulico. Por otra parte, los efectos principales que influyen en la dilución son las corrientes costeras generadas por el viento y el transporte de aguas residuales en regiones costeras abiertas, como se encuentra en La Chira. Las predicciones del modelo de dispersión son precisas si cuentan con las características físicas del emisor submarino, del efluente y del océano, ya que nos brindan una perspectiva clara para la planificación del emisor submarino. En este estudio, se compara el caudal de diseño con el método de crecimiento geométrico, el cual es recomendado por la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS), con el caudal real del proyecto, donde se verifica que ambos caudales se aproximan. También, se verificó la capacidad hidráulica del emisor submarino para identificar las pérdidas de cargas totales que se producen a lo largo de todo el emisor. Además, el Visual Plumes, el cual es un software que genera modelos de dispersión de efluente en un cuerpo de agua, se utilizó para la dilución de campo cercano y la dilución de campo lejano del contaminante. Los resultados del modelo de dilución de campo cercano y de campo lejano muestran que el emisor submarino de La Chira cumple con las regulaciones legales ambientales.
The use of Pseudomonas spp. as bacterial biocontrol agents to control plant diseases
Authors:   Ghent University, Belgium, Höfte Monica
Published: July 2021

Most Pseudomonas biocontrol strains are associated with the rhizosphere of plants, where they control soil pathogens by antibiosis or competition, and leaf pathogens via induced systemic resistance. Genome mining and the division of the vastly heterogeneous genus Pseudomonas in phylogenomic (sub)groups has clarified the relation between biocontrol characteristics and phylogeny. Based on their activity, Pseudomonas biocontrol strains come in three types. A first type, represented by P. chlororaphis, P. protegens, P. corrugata and P. aeruginosa (sub)group strains, produces an arsenal of secondary metabolites with broad antimicrobial activity. The second type is found in the P. putida, P. fluorescens, P. koreensis, P. mandelii, and P. gessardii (sub)group. The spectrum of biocontrol properties of these strains is less diverse and involves siderophores and cyclic lipopeptides. The third type colonizes above-ground plant parts. Strains from this type mainly belong to the P. syringae group and are used to control postharvest pathogens. This chapter starts with recent advances in Pseudomonas taxonomy and a summary of its most important biocontrol traits. It then provides an overview of the most important Pseudomonas groups and subgroups harboring biocontrol strains. Examples of well-characterized and representative biocontrol strains show the links between phylogeny, ecology and biocontrol traits. The chapter concludes by reviewing commercially-available biocontrol strains.
Biocontrol via mycoviruses: a neglected option for bioprotection?
Authors:   BU Biointeractions and Plant Health, Wageningen University and Research, The Netherlands, van Diepeningen Anne D.
Published: July 2021

Virocontrol involves biocontrol of pathogens via hypovirulence-causing mycoviruses. This chapter discusses the characteristics of mycoviruses and the conditions that need to be met to make a successful virocontrol agent. The chapter describes one of the success stories so far, that of virocontrol of Cryphonectria parasitica, the chestnut blight pathogen. The chapter ends by reviewing future trends and where to find more information on mycoviruses and virocontrol.
O inimigo objetivo em distopias pós-11 de Setembro: uma análise de Holy Terror: Terror Sagrado e Jogos Vorazes
Authors: De Souza Monique Heloísa , Quevedo Murilo Ariel De Araujo
Published: July 2021

A literatura distópica da terceira onda é fortemente influenciada pelos eventos do 11 de Setembro de 2001. Todavia, diferentemente dos anteriores, os materiais que compõem a terceira onda da ficção científica são, em sua grande maioria, produtos de cultura de massa, protagonizados por jovens adultos. Para essa leitura, analisamos duas obras contemporâneas que apresentam as características da terceira onda da ficção científica. De um lado, a trilogia Jogos Vorazes, que se passa em um cenário distópico e é protagonizada por uma adolescente. De outro, o quadrinho de Frank Miller, Holy Terror, protagonizado por adultos em uma Nova Iorque alternativa no 11 de Setembro. As duas obras são unidas pelo conceito arendtiano do inimigo objetivo. No entanto, averiguamos que elas apresentam faces diferentes da teoria de Arendt (2013), de um inimigo que pode ser interno ou externo, mas que são potencializadas pela efervescência do nacionalismo estadunidense.
A guerra dos mundos virada do avesso: a metáfora política do novo coronavírus
Authors: Araújo Lucas Victor De Oliveira , De Araújo Rosanne Bezerra
Published: July 2021

Este artigo investiga A guerra dos mundos estabelecendo uma relação entre a narrativa de H. G. Wells e as guerras e surtos de peste nos séculos posteriores ao romance. Ressaltamos o caráter visionário do autor que antecipa conflitos mundiaiscom potencial bélico, assim como os marcianos fizeram com os humanos no enredo. O romance pode ser analisado como uma sátira política diante do contexto da pandemia da Covid-19. Os pensamentos de Slavoj Žižek e Valentin Volóchinov iluminam nossa análise, fazendo-nos refletir sobre a crescente perda de civilidade entre nações e povos e sua representação literária. Além da perspectiva filosófica que enxerga o espírito do tempo de Wells no contexto histórico atual, destacamos, também, a inaptidão dos meios de comunicação e das autoridades diante de eventos trágicos e epidêmicos ao longo da nossa História.
Potências do tempo na ficção científica em quadrinhos: pós-futurismo, antifuturismo e retrofuturismo
Authors: Vargas Alexandre Linck
Published: July 2021

O tempo da ficção científica não é o tempo crônico. Sua poética parece exigir um outro tempo, aiônico, estilhaçando o presente a partir de imagens do passado e do futuro técnico. Contudo, como é possível ainda existir ficção científica quando a perspectiva de futuro acaba? É a partir dessa questão que se investigará a produção de ficção científica em quadrinhos europeia pós-1977, marcada, na Itália, na França e no Reino Unido, por diferentes relações com o futuro. A história em quadrinhos franco-belga, com artistas como Yves Chaland, adota o retrofuturismo, resgatando o neofuturismo belga dos anos 1950. A italiana revista Cannibale, criada por Stefano Tamburini, traduz a estética antifuturista do Movimento de 77. E a criação da revista britânica 2000 AD, editada por Pat Mills, faz da narrativa distópica a imagem do pós-futuro. Tratase de uma pesquisa exploratória nos marcos da estética e cultura, utilizando-se de referencial bibliográfico e documental em quadrinhos.
Memorial Chico Science: o Manguebeat como patrimônio cultural da cidade do Recife
Authors: Oliveira Esdras Lima
Published: July 2021

O Manguebeat, cena cultural dos anos 1990 que teve certa repercussão nacional e internacional, tornou-se a partir dos anos 2000, especialmente com a chegada do Partido dos Trabalhadores ao poder na cidade, parte importante do discurso cultural na capital pernambucana. Dessa maneira, uma série de políticas públicas passaram a usar o legado simbólico da cena na construção de lugares de memória e de símbolos para a cidade, em um movimento precoce de construção de uma seleção de ícones que passou por um processo de patrimonialização. Devido a esse contexto, o Memorial Chico Science (MSC), hoje fechado por conta da pandemia de COVID-19, foi construído em homenagem ao cantor e principal nome da cena, morto em 1997, como espaço não apenas de memória, mas de construção cultural a partir dos preceitos postos pelas bandas na já distante década de 1990.
Entre distopia, realismo mágico e ficção científica: o problema do gênero no roteiro cinematográfico não filmado inédito de A hora dos ruminantes
Authors: De Mello Marcelo Cordeiro
Published: July 2021

Este artigo apresenta ao leitor o projeto cinematográfico não filmado de A hora dos ruminantes, de 1967, adaptado da obra homônima do escritor José J. Veiga pelo cineasta Luiz Sergio Person e o crítico de cinema e roteirista Jean-Claude Bernardet. Discutimos o problema do gênero a partir da relação com o tema da distopia, e analisamos a relação de A hora dos ruminantes com dois gêneros artísticos: a ficção científica e o realismo mágico. A partir dessa discussão, e da análise de documentos inéditos sobre o projeto cinematográfico, levantamos a hipótese de que A hora dos ruminantes poderia ter inaugurado um novo gênero cinematográfico híbrido.
Rhynchoglossum ausculum (Gesneriaceae), a new species from South-Western Thailand
Authors:   Forest Herbarium, Department of National Parks, Wildlife and Plant Conservation, Pattharahirantricin Nannapat , Poopath Manop ,   Forest Herbarium, Department of National Parks, Wildlife and Plant Conservation
Published: July 2021

The new species of Rhynchoglossum ausculum, from South-Western Thailand is described and illustrated. An emended key to the Thai species of Rhynchoglossum is provided.
Clinical and Economic Aspects of Tuberculosis Detection During Mass Fluorographic Examinations of the Population
Authors: Markelov Yu. M. , Shchegоleva L. V.
Published: July 2021

Objective: to study the clinical and economic efficiency of mass fluorographic examinations of the population for tuberculosis (TB).

Subjects and methods. The study used the data of fluorographic examinations for TB among 2,632,169 people and in its risk groups (n = 44,597) in the Republic of Karelia in 2008–2018.

Results. It was found that the increased efficiency of detection of TB could not reduce its one-year mortality in firstly identified patients. The average cost of detecting one TB case during mass examinations was more than 500,000 rubles for this period.

Conclusion. Mass fluorographic examinations of the population cannot reduce TB mortality rates and are extremely expensive. To lower the mortality rate and to improve the detection of TB, there is a need for screening high-risk groups for this disease at least once every 6 months.
Endovascular Embolization of the Uterine Arteries in Giant Uterine Fibroids
Authors: Sharafutdinov B. M. , Antropova E. Yu. , Ryzhkin S. A. , Khalirakhmanov A. F. , Klyucharov I. V. , Galimova I. R. , Mazitova M. I. , Mikhaylov M. K.
Published: July 2021

Choosing a treatment option for uterine fibroids is today one of the most relevant problems in gynecological practice. Thanks to the success of modern medicine and the increased level of the population’s culture, female patients seek medical help without waiting for the tumor to acquire significant sizes. However, in practice, there are cases when fibroids reach gigantic sizes. Hysterectomy is a traditional approach to treating uterine fibroids of these sizes according to the current clinical guidelines. The introduction of new high-tech treatments, such as uterine artery embolization, has led to a revision of radical surgery, by giving preference to alternative approaches especially in cases where the patient desires to preserve the reproductive organ. The paper describes a clinical case that confirms an individual approach to choosing a treatment option towards organ-sparing surgery for giant uterine fibroids. The use of endovascular embolization of the uterine arteries as a treatment for giant uterine fibroids is shown to be justified as an organ-sparing surgery if the patient desires to preserve reproductive function.
Malignant Phyllodes Tumor by the Example of a Clinical Case
Authors: Korzhenkova G. P. , Kasymova A. A.
Published: July 2021

Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women worldwide, but there are also rarer types of breast neoplasms in clinical practice. One of these neoplasms is a phyllodes tumor. Due to the rare occurrence of phyllodes tumors and few studies of this pathology, there is today no information about the precise etiology and pathogenesis of this tumor. For the same reasons, it is very difficult to correctly and timely diagnose breast cancer, which requires both a highly qualified radiologist who first detects this disease in a patient and a pathologist who establishes a final morphological diagnosis. Existing studies, such as mammography and ultrasound, do not have reliable criteria for the diagnosis of phyllodes tumors and are unable to differentiate different histological types of these neoplasms, which further complicates the diagnosis of this pathology. Also, standards for the treatment of patients with this diagnosis have not been fully approved. The paper describes a clinical case of successful surgical treatment for a malignant phyllodes tumor of the left breast in a 47-year-old patient.
CT Diagnosis of Complications Arising from the Natural History and Treatment of COVID-19
Authors: Yadrentseva S. V. , Nudnov N. V. , Gasymov E. G. , Pron’kina E. V.
Published: July 2021

Computed tomography for coronavirus infection (COVID-19) is effective not only in making a diagnosis, but also in timely and accurately detecting some complications of this disease in different organs and systems. The paper shows various complications of coronavirus infection that a radiologist may face in practice, which develop both in the natural course and due to therapy for COVID-19, including hemorrhagic and thrombotic events in coagulopathy, pneumothorax, and pneumomediastinum as a result of the direct cytotoxic effect of SARS-CoV-2 on pneumocytes, and barotrauma during mechanical ventilation, as well as pathological fractures due to osteoporosis, including steroid osteoporosis that has developed during therapy with glucocorticosteroids. It considers the main causes and pathogenesis of various complications of coronavirus infection.
Analysis of Non-Symmetrical Heat Removal during Cast-ing of Steel Billets and Slabs
Authors: Ramirez-Lopez Adán , Davila-Maldonado Omar , Nájera-Bastida Alfronso , Morales Rodolfo , Rodríguez-Ávila Jafeth , Muñiz-Valdés Carlos Rodrigo
Published: July 2021

Steel is one of the essential materials in the world's civilization. It is essential to produce many products such as pipelines, mechanical elements in machines, vehicles, profiles, and beam sections for buildings in many industries. Until the '50s of the 20th century, steel products required a complex process known as ingot casting; for years, steelmakers focused on developing and simplifying this process. The result was the con-tinuous casting process (CCP); it is the most productive method to produce steel. The CCP allows producing significant volumes of steel sections without interruption and is more productive than the formal ingot casting process. The CCP begins by transferring the liquid steel from the steel-ladle to a tundish. This tundish or vessel distributes the liquid steel, by flowing through its volume, to one or more strands having wa-ter-cooled copper molds. The mold is the primary cooling system, PCS, solidifying a steel shell to withstand a liquid core and its friction forces with the mold wall. Further down the mold, the rolls drive the steel section in the SCS. Here the steel section is cooled, solidifying the remaining liquid core, by sprays placed in every cooling segment all around the billet and along the curved section of the machine. Finally, the steel strand goes towards a horizontal-straight free-spray zone, losing heat by radiation mechanism, where the billet cools down further to total solidification. A moving torch cutting-scissor splits the billet to the desired length at the end of this heat-radiant zone.
Diversity in Typhoid Diagnostic Protocols And Recommendation for Composite Reference Standard
Authors: Igiri Bernard , Okoduwa Stanley Irobekhian Reuben , Munirat Shaibu Ahmed , Otu-Bassey Iquo Bassey , Bashir Abdullahi , Onyiyioza Otori Mercy
Published: July 2021

Typhoid fever is a major public health burden which causes substantial global morbidity and mortality due to lack of decisive diagnostic protocols. The capacity of commonly use diagnostic test to validate the absence of typhoid fever is controversial. This study explores to evaluate new techniques for typhoid diagnosis and proposed a harmonised suitable standardized composite reference to be adopted. Published peer-reviewed articles indexed in PubMed, MEDLINE and Google scholar were reviewed for hospital-based studies. This study reveals new typhoid diagnostic techniques such as proteomics, serology, Rapid Diagnostic tests (RDTs), transcriptomics, genomics, and metabolomics. 34.4% of the studies use prospective study design. The study result establishes that, Widal test has a moderate diagnostic accuracy with average percentage sensitivity (52.9%), specificity (54%), positive predictive value (PPV) (56.8%) as well as negative predictive value (NPV) (55.6%) when compared with 29.4%, 28%, 29.5%, and 27.8% of Typhidot respectively. The findings showed a statistically significant difference on the sensitivity between Widal and Typhidot t (40) = 2.639, p = 0.012 at p<0.05 using independent sample t-test. When there is no perfect reference standard that has an optimal diagnostic accuracy, the need for a harmonised suitable standardized composite reference is essential. Hence, this study recommends that, peripheral blood culture with established sensitivity of 60% and Widal test with average sensitivity of 52.9% be adopted as a consensus composite reference standard for typhoid fever diagnosis in other to improve confidence in prevalence estimates.
Recycling of Marine Carbonate Induced Calcium Isotope Heterogeneity of Arc Magmas in Subduction Zones
Authors: Chen Xue-Gang , Wu Tao , Gao Qin , Lai Yu-Ming
Published: July 2021

Calcium (Ca) is an essential element constituting sedimentary carbonate in subducting sediments. Ca isotopic characteristics of subduction-related rocks could provide insight into the behavior and budget of carbonate and carbon cycles in subduction zones, due to the distinctive δ44/40Ca ranges of sedimentary carbonate with respect to the mantle. Here, we studied the Ca isotopic compositions of arc magmas from the Northern Luzon arc (NLA), which are evolved from a depleted mantle metasomatized by slab-derived fluids and sediment melts. The δ44/40Ca values range from 0.76 ± 0.04‰ to 1.01 ± 0.03‰ and cover the typical ranges for bulk silica earth (BSE, ~ 0.94‰) and fresh mid-ocean ridge basalt (MORB, ~ 0.83‰). The Ca isotopes of NLA volcanics are not dominantly determined by the effects of mantle partial melting or fractional crystallization, nor significantly modified by secondary alteration. Instead, the δ44/40Ca values of NLA volcanics are controlled by the subduction-related metasomatism. The metasomatism by slab-derived fluids (mainly expelled from altered oceanic crust, AOC) dramatically elevated the contents of fluid-mobile elements (e.g., Ba and Pb) with respect to fluid-immobile elements (e.g., Ce). This process, however, rarely modified the Ca isotopes, possibly ascribed to the δ44/40Ca similarity between AOC and the depleted mantle. The δ44/40Ca values significantly correlated with subduction indicators (e.g., Sr-Nd isotopes, Ba/Nb, Ce/Pb, and Nb/La), demonstrating the Ca isotopes of NLA volcanics are mainly controlled by the metasomatism of sediment melts subducting from the South China Sea (SCS). Based on the thermal structures and chemical compositions of sediments subducting into global trenches, we propose that carbonate Ca isotopic signals can only be observed in the arcs with high sedimentary Ca fluxes and temperature-pressure conditions well beyond the solidus of H2O-saturated sediment melting, e.g., NLA, Nicaragua, Guatemala, Colombia, Peru, South Chile, North Vanuatu, New Zealand, and Kermadec. The absence of such signals in other arcs suggests either limited sedimentary fluxes or much of the subducting sedimentary carbonate has been survived during plate subduction to enter the deep mantle.
Cerebrovascular lesions in children with purulent meningitis
Authors:   Children's Research and Clinical Center for Infectious Diseases, Federal Biomedical Agency of Russia, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation, Skripchenko N.V. , Egorova E.S. ,   Children's Research and Clinical Center for Infectious Diseases, Federal Biomedical Agency of Russia, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation, Vilnits A.A. ,   Children's Research and Clinical Center for Infectious Diseases, Federal Biomedical Agency of Russia, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation, Skripchenko E.Yu. ,   Children's Research and Clinical Center for Infectious Diseases, Federal Biomedical Agency of Russia, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation, Alekseeva L.A. ,   Children's Research and Clinical Center for Infectious Diseases, Federal Biomedical Agency of Russia, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation
Published: July 2021

Purulent meningitis in children is a severe disease characterized by high mortality, particularly in case of pneumococcal infection. Cerebrovascular lesions in purulent meningitis are one of the most important pathogenic factors that determine the course of the disease. The severity of vascular lesions (including those to cerebral vessels) in bacterial infection depends on patient’s age and disease severity, which is associated with its etiology. Objective. To characterize cerebrovascular disorders in children with purulent meningitis and assess their association with the disease etiology and severity. Patients and methods. This study included 80 children aged 1 month to 17 years and 11 months with purulent meningitis caused by different pathogens and confirmed cerebrovascular lesions. In addition to clinical monitoring, all patients have undergone blood clotting tests (including platelet count, prothrombin, fibrinogen, activated partial thromboplastin time, and thrombin time), and assessment of D-dimer and level of circulating endothelial cells during the disease. Results. We observed various lesions to vessels in children with purulent meningitis, which is attributed to both structural and functional impairments in the vessel wall, as well as to an impaired vasomotor function of the endothelium. Conclusion. We found that cytoflavin, a drug with a multimodal action (including endothelium protection), was effective for the treatment of purulent meningitis. Key words: children, purulent meningitis, cerebrovascular disorders, vasculitis, D-dimer, circulating endothelial cells, cytoflavin
Cardiac lesions in patients with Lyme borreliosis
Authors:   N.N.Burdenko Voronezh State Medical University, Voronezh, Russian Federation, Pritulina Yu.G. , Chernyshova L.A. ,   N.N.Burdenko Voronezh State Medical University, Voronezh, Russian Federation, Salomakhin G.G. ,   N.N.Burdenko Voronezh State Medical University, Voronezh, Russian Federation, Ruzhentsova T.A. ,   Gabrichevsky Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology of The Federal Service on Customers Rights Protection and Human Well-being Surveillance, Moscow, Russian Federation, Maleev V.V. ,   Central Research Institute of Epidemiology, Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing, Moscow, Russian Federation, Ploskireva A.A. ,   Central Research Institute of Epidemiology, Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing, Moscow, Russian Federation, Bykov M.V. ,   Central Research Institute of Epidemiology, Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing, Moscow, Russian Federation
Published: July 2021

Acute infectious diseases can potentially affect the cardiovascular system. Objective. To demonstrate the need for dynamic monitoring and treatment of cardiovascular disorders in patients with tickborne borreliosis. Patients and methods. This study included 142 patients with laboratory-confirmed tick-borne borreliosis. We analyzed clinical symptoms, results of laboratory testing, and electrocardiography (ECG) findings. Results. Almost one-fifth of all patients (18%) had complaints indicating cardiovascular lesions (both in the group under 60 years of age and in the group of elderly patients). Thirteen patients (9.2%) presented with hypotension. Grade 1–2 hypertension was observed in 11 hospitalized patients (7.7%). Clinical manifestations were accompanied by various ECG abnormalities. Conclusion. We found that 13.4% of patients with confirmed borreliosis had symptoms of probable myocarditis with signs of coronary artery lesions. The disorders detected were shortly eliminated by basic therapy or additional treatment (when needed) by the time of discharge from hospital. Key words: borreliosis, Lyme borreliosis, myocarditis, ECG, extrasystole, erythema
Pengaruh Indeks Massa Tubuh dan TrigliseridaTerhadap Gula Darah dengan Model Regresi Nonparametrik Spline Biprediktor
Authors: Ente Dewi Rahma , Islamiyati Anna , Raupong Raupong
Published: July 2021

The regression approach can be carried out using three approaches namely parametric, nonparametric and semiparametric approaches. Nonparametric regression is a statistical method used to see the relationship between the response variable and the predictor variable when the shape of the data curve is unknown. Diabetes mellitus (DM) or commonly called diabetes is a disease that is found and observed in various parts of the world today. DM is often marked by a significant increase in blood sugar levels. In this study using blood sugar levels as response variables, body mass index and triglycerides as predictor variables. Data were analyzed using truncated linear spline with one, two and three point knots experiments. The best model is obtained based on the minimum generalized cross validation (GCV) value. The results obtained that the best model is linear spline using three point knots.
Pengelompokkan Tingkat Kriminalitas di Indonesia Menggunakan Algoritma Average Linkage
Authors: Azman Azman , Anisa Anisa
Published: July 2021

Crime needs to be analyzed and grouped so that the act does not cause harm either ecologically or psychologically. The statistical method that can be used to classify crime is the Average Linkage Algorithm. The study aims to group and analyze the characteristics of criminal cases in Indonesia. From the results of the analysis, 3 clusters were formed based on the average of each cluster. Cluster 1 consists of Aceh, West Sumatra, Riau, Jambi, South Sumatra, Bengkulu, Lampung, Kep. Bangka Belitung, Kep. Riau, West Java, Central Java, DI Yogyakarta, East Java, Banten, Bali, West Nusa Tenggara, East Nusa Tenggara, West Kalimantan, Central Kalimantan, South Kalimantan, East Kalimantan, North Sulawesi, Central Sulawesi, South Sulawesi, Southeast Sulawesi, Gorontalo, Maluku, North Maluku and Papua. Cluster 2 consists of North Sumatra while Cluster 3 consists of Metro Jaya. The grouping results are the basis of the government, apparatus, and the community in implementing the handling of criminal acts that occur in each cluster area so that prevention can minimize the losses caused by these crimes.
Stress Shielding in the Setting of Osteogenesis Imperfecta and the Effect of Downsizing an Intramedullary Rod
Authors: Franzone Jeanne M. , Sargent Brandi M. , Dang Do An N. , Knue Marianne , Marini Joan C. , Kruse Richard W.
Published: July 2021

Case:

Cortical atrophy, or stress shielding, secondary to a large-diameter femoral intramedullary rod was noted over almost a decade in a now 14-year-old girl with osteogenesis imperfecta (OI). After an initial minimally invasive unsuccessful revision, we downsized the left femur rod with realignment and noted restoration of the left femur cortical thickness.

Conclusion:

We demonstrate the significant functional impact of stress shielding and its evolution over a protracted period and outline treatment principles. To our knowledge, this is the first report of treatment of stress shielding of a long bone in the setting of OI.
Distal Femoral Arthroplasty Versus Open Reduction Internal Fixation for Comminuted Osteoporotic Supracondylar Distal Femur Fractures
Authors: Smith Paula Michelle , Johnson Eric T.
Published: July 2021

Purpose:

The purpose of the article is to review the treatment of comminuted distal femur fractures and examine the risks and benefits of distal femoral replacement/arthroplasty (DFA) for the treatment of complicated osteopenic supracondylar femur fractures.

Method:

An OVID MEDLINE, PubMed, and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews literature search was conducted with search terms distal femur fracture, distal femoral replacement, osteoporosis, fixation, and functional outcomes. Forty-six articles pertinent to the topic were retrieved. These articles serve as the basis for the clinical review portion of the article. A patient representing the clinical question was selected for inclusion in the case study. Verbal consent was obtained, consistent with the guidelines from the Journal of Orthopaedics for Physician Assistants.

Results:

There is a paucity of evidence-based literature to justify the use of distal femoral replacement/DFA for the management of comminuted supracondylar distal femur fractures. Further study is needed to document the role of DFA for frail, elderly patients.

Conclusion:

Open reduction internal fixation has been used to treat distal femur fractures. The techniques of locked plating (with or without variable angle construct), percutaneous fixation, and intramedullary nailing are well established for the treatment of fractures of the distal femur. The use of distal femoral replacement/DFA has been shown to decrease weight-bearing limitations, decrease immobility, minimize the use of a brace, and maximize function after complicated fractures with osteoporosis. Further research is needed to identify the role of DFA for the treatment of comminuted distal femur fractures in the elderly population.
Augmented Reality-Assisted Femoral Bone Resection in Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Tsukada Sachiyuki , Ogawa Hiroyuki , Nishino Masahiro , Kurosaka Kenji , Hirasawa Naoyuki
Published: July 2021

Background:

An augmented reality (AR)-based navigation system allows visualization of the center of the femoral head and femoral mechanical axis superimposed on the surgical field during total knee arthroplasty (TKA) and may help surgeons to improve the accuracy of distal femoral resection.

Methods:

First, we resected 10 femoral Sawbones specimens using the AR-based navigation system and performed computed tomography (CT) to measure the resection angle of the distal part of the femur. We calculated the absolute values of the differences between angles measured using CT images and angles displayed on the smartphone screen of the navigation system. Second, we measured coronal alignment using standing long-leg radiographs for 72 patients undergoing TKA and compared the error in the resection angle between TKA using the AR-based navigation system and that using a conventional intramedullary guide.

Results:

In the experimental study, the absolute values of the differences between angles measured on CT images and angles displayed using the AR-based navigation system were 0.8° ± 0.5° (range, 0.3° to 1.9°) in the coronal plane and 0.6° ± 0.5° (range, 0.0° to 1.4°) in the sagittal plane. In the clinical study, the mean absolute value of the error in coronal alignment was significantly smaller in the AR-based navigation group than the intramedullary-guide group (1.1° ± 1.0° [range, 0.0° to 3.2°] compared with 2.2° ± 1.6° [range, 0.0° to 5.5°], respectively; 95% confidence interval, 0.5° to 1.8°; p < 0.001).

Conclusions:

The AR-based navigation system may enable surgeons to perform distal femoral resection more accurately than with the conventional intramedullary guide during TKA.

Clinical Relevance:

This study validates the use of AR technology to enhance the precision of bone resection in TKA.
Hydrocarbon treatability study of Antarctica soil with Fenton’s reagent
Authors: Beal Samuel , Mossell Ashley , Clausen Jay
Published: July 2021

The study objectives were to determine the effectiveness of Fenton’s Reagent and Modified Fenton’s Reagent in reducing Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon (TPH) concentrations in petroleum-contaminated soil from McMurdo Station, Antarctica. Comparisons of the contaminated soils were made, and a treatability study was completed and documented. This material was presented at the Association for Environmental Health and Sciences Foundation (AEHS) 30th Annual International Conference on Soil, Water, Energy, and Air (Virtual) on March 25, 2021.
Meta-QTLs, Ortho-metaQTLs and Candidate Genes for Grain Yield and Associated Traits in Wheat (Triticum Aestivum L.)
Authors: Saini Dinesh Kumar , Srivast Puja , Pal Neeraj , Gupta P. K.
Published: July 2021

Meta-QTL analysis was conducted using 8,998 known QTLs, which included 2,852 major QTLs for grain yield (GY) and its following ten component/related traits: (i) grain weight (GWei), (ii) grain morphology related traits (GMRTs), (iii) grain number (GN), (iv) spikes related traits (SRTs), (v) plant height (PH), (vi) tiller number (TN), (vii) harvest index (HI), (viii) biomass yield (BY), (ix) days to heading/flowering and maturity (DTH/F/M) and (x) grain filling duration (GFD). The QTLs used for this study were retrieved from 230 reports (including 19 studies conducted in tetraploid wheat) that were based on 190 mapping populations (1999–2020). The study resulted in the identification of 141 meta-QTLs (MQTLs), with an average confidence interval (CI) of 1.37 cM (reduced 8.87 fold), the average CI in the initial QTLs being > 12.15 cM. As many as 63 MQTLs, each based on at least 10 initial QTLs were stable and robust; with 13 MQTLs are described as breeder’s QTLs. MQTLs were also utilized for the identification of 1,202 candidate genes (CGs), which included 18 known genes. The MQTLs were also found to contain 50 wheat genes that were homologous to 35 known yield-related genes from rice, barley, and maize. Further, the use of synteny and collinearity allowed the identification of 24 ortho-MQTLs which were common among the wheat, barley, rice, and maize. The results of the present study should prove useful for wheat breeding and future basic research in cereals including wheat, barley, rice, and maize. In particular, the breeder’s QTLs can be used for marker-assisted selection for grain yield and fine mapping leading to cloning of QTLs/genes for yield and related traits.
Symptomatic DVT One Month After TKA Was Associated With Tourniquet Reuse During Operation
Authors: Shen Jing , Pan Zhicheng , Liu Wangxin , Tian Yuan , Ji Weifeng
Published: July 2021

Background: DVT (Deep vein thrombosis) was one of the most common and sever complications after TKA (total knee arthroplasty). When tourniquet use and sometime the reuse was performed for surgery convenient of TKA. There was not sure if tourniquet use or reuse during operation would increase DVT after TKA.Methods: A retrospective study was performed about primarily TKA in our institute continuous 5 years. Univariate analysis was performed and potential intervention variables (P ≤ 0.1) were included in multiple factor analysis to certain the independent risk factors.Results: 807 patients (431 females and 376 males) were included with mean age was 65 years old. 3.84% (31 patients) were occurred sym-DVT (symptomatic DVT) one month after TKA with median time of diagnosis was 17 days. Incidence of sym-DVT after tourniquet reuse was significant high than once use and no use (7.25% versus 2.54% and 1.86%, P = 0.014 and 0.072), mean time of tourniquet use was 90.46 ± 14.28 mins in once and 106.58 ± 16.13 mins in reuse (P = 0.045). After multiple analysis, independent risk factors were revealed as history of tumor (P = 0.021), history of DVT (P < 0.001) and tourniquet reuse (P = 0.005).Conclusions: Tourniquet reuse was associated with highly incidence of sym-DVT other than history of tumor and DVT. There should be once use of tourniquet for prevent sym-DVT.
Effects of Water Particles in the Jinjiang River Estuary on the Physiological and Biochemical Characteristics of Microcystit Flos-Aquae
Authors: Nan Yiting , Guo Peiyong , Xing Hui , Chen Sijia , Hu Bo , Liu Jie
Published: July 2021

The effects of different concentrations (100,150,200,250 mg/L) and different particle sizes (0–75µm, 75–120µm, 120–150µm, 150–500µm) on soluble protein content, SOD and CAT activity, MDA content, chlorophyll a content and photosynthetic parameters of Microcystis flos-aquae were studied, the mechanism of the effect of suspended particulate matter on the physiology and biochemistry of Microcystis flos-aquae was discussed. The results showed that the soluble protein content of Microcystis flos-aquae did not change obviously after being stressed by suspended particles of different concentration/diameter. The SOD activity of Microcystis flos-aquae increased at first and then decreased with the increase of the concentration of suspended particulate matter. The SOD activity of Microcystis flos-aquae reached 28.03 U/mL when the concentration of suspended particulate matter was 100 mg/L. The CAT activity of Microcystis flos-aquae increased with the increase of the concentration of suspended particles, and reached the maximum value of 12.45 U/mgprot in the concentration group of 250 mg/L, showing a certain dose-effect. The effect of small particle size on SOD, CAT and MDA of Microcystis flos-aquae was more significant than that of large particle size. The larger the concentration and the smaller the particle size, the stronger the attenuation of light and the lower the content of chlorophyll a. Both Fv/Fm and Fv/F0 of Microcystis flos-aquae increased at first and then decreased under different concentration/size of suspended particles. The relative electron transfer rate gradually returned to the normal level with the passage of time. There was no significant difference in α value between treatment group and control group, ETRmax and Ik decreased.
Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals Through the Consumption of Vegetables in the National Capital Region, India
Authors: Rani Jyoti , Agarwal Tripti , Chaudhary Sudesh
Published: July 2021

This study aimed to evaluate the heavy metal contamination in the vegetables growing in the national capital region of India and to assess the health risk in human resulting from consumption of these vegetables. A total of 99 vegetable samples were collected from the selected study area during the winter season and were analyzed for heavy metals contamination by atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The relative abundance of heavy metal in the vegetable samples was in the following order: Fe > Al > Mn > Zn > Cu > Cr > Ni > Pb > Cd > Co. The mean concentration of Al, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn, in the vegetables was 158.01 mg kg− 1dw − 1, 0.23 mg kg− 1 dw− 1, 0.04 mg kg− 1 dw− 1, 3.70 mg kg− 1 dw− 1 7.82 mg kg− 1 dw− 1, 297.87 mg kg− 1 dw− 1, 39.81 mg kg− 1 dw− 1, 1.78 mg kg− 1 dw− 1, 0.52 mg kg− 1 dw− 1, and 32.21 mg kg− 1 dw− 1 for respectively. The statistical analysis supported the formation of two primary clusters Al-Fe-Pb and Cu-Zn, indicating their common source of origin. Most of the vegetable samples exceeded the permissible limit of heavy metals prescribed by the Food and agricultural organization/ World health organization (FAO/WHO) standards. The total target hazard quotient was greater than 1 for all types of vegetables, indicating appreciable health risk due to the consumption of these vegetables in the study area.