bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessment methodology of concrete crack resistance on cement binder
Authors: Popov Valeriy , Popov Dmitry , Davidenko Anna
Published: September 2018

The study examines a methodology based on the assessment of factors which further influence properties of concrete, that is its physical and mechanical characteristics analysis. The methodology is based on the research results obtained in the Samara School of Material Engineering and previously developed by the authors themselves. Its essence is based on the study of concrete destruction processes with account of existing rules of fracture mechanics. The researchers merged the energy conception of A.A. Griffiths with the kinetic theory of S.N. Zhurkova and developed a mathematical apparatus capable of modeling the conditions of external influence on concrete. They also estimated "Rebindera effect" while applying external load from the described types of external influence. They determined three stages in the course of destruction development depending on quantity and quality of initial defects. The first stage of destruction occurs at the micro level, the destruction is negligible. At the second stage cracks begin to fuse and already influence on change of values of concrete stress-strain properties. Finally, the third stage is "direct fracture" when the main cracks are formed dividing the specimen into separate fragments not capable of carrying the external load. The work reveals parameters and divide them into two groups. These parameters have a significant influence on the nature and kinetics of the destruction processes, respectively. The authors introduce a criterion of concrete crack resistance named "the length of the reduced crack". This criterion represents the total length of all surfaces of destruction at a single width of a crack. The proposed method can be applied with the use of non-destructive acoustic methods and destructive mechanical methods. Approbation of this methodology showed sufficient reliability and authenticity of the proposed indicator as a criterion of crack resistance.
Pipe-concrete columns of buildings and their fire-resistance determination
Authors: Ilyin Nikolay , Kondratyeva Nadezhda , Zaiko Vasily
Published: September 2018

The research recognizes the necessity of developing a new method of calculation of pipe-concrete columns fire-resistance. It is important for expending the area of their application in construction of buildings and structures; in unique structures as well. The authors apply a simplified mathematical description of the process of pipe-concrete columns resistance to the standard fire effect. This method helps to increase the accuracy of fire resistance level determination to expand these constructions use. If buildings materials are rationally combined, it is possible to produce reliable and sufficiently fireproof structures. Pipe-concrete columns which are, in fact, metal pipes filled with concrete can serve as an example of such structures. Nowadays, field tests are used to determine pipe-concrete constructions fire resistance. The authors introduce a methodology of theoretical determination of pipe-concrete columns fire resistance limit. The use of the proposed methodology makes it possible to reduce labor and economic costs while determining buildings resistance with the use of the pipe-concrete. It opens a possibility of pipe-concrete structures reasonable application in construction practice. The use of this new method allows us to determine pipe-concrete columns fire resistance without resorting to natural fire. It also increases the accuracy of statistical quality control and non-destructive tests. The calculations made in this study as well as previous tests conducted by other researches prove that there is no need for additional fire protection of pipe-concrete columns.
Calculation Methodology of Translucent Construction Elements in Buildings and Other Structures
Authors: Zubkov Vladimir , Kondratyeva Nadezhda
Published: September 2018

The paper proposes a calculation methodology of translucent structures elements in buildings and other structures under distributed or concentrated load. The authors describe calculations sequence and introduce formulas used to determine tensile and shearing stresses influencing glass and sheet glass deflection. Mechanical loads to which translucent structures are subjected should be calculated with account of the SP 20.13330.2016 requirements, "Loads and impacts". The task of calculating the translucent part of the structure is reduced to determining maximum stresses in the glass under the calculated load q. This value should not exceed calculated stress values under bending R and the glass used. Triplex should be calculates as two independent glasses under 0.5 values of the total load. In multilayer glasses (triplex) the thickness of sheets should be taken as identical, being not more than 10 mm of each sheet. According to this methodology, the calculation error of sheet glass in translucent constructions of buildings and structures does not exceed 10%.
Stress-strain state experimental researches of the lattice support pole sections for overhead power transmission line 110 kV
Authors: Tanasoglo Anton , Garanzha Igor
Published: September 2018

An article compares the theoretical and experimental researches of joint work of steel tower type supports' fragments of overhead power transmission lines (OHPL) 110 kV. Attention is focused to high voltage supports operated on the Ukraine territory. Is described a spending principle of static experimental researches for flat trusses on the developed specialized experimental installation, allowing to investigate the joint work of overhead lines supports' fragments. Are presented the technique and results of the flat support model calculation in the "SCAD" software package. Are presented calculation numerical results of the experimental installation together with a testing model. Are determinated experimental values of stresses in lattice elements and also horizontal and vertical displacements of braces holding on nodes. During the displacements determining is analyzed the joint work of the lattice elements of the experimental samples, is taken into account the supporting effect of the extended braces.
Dynamic analysis of strength and human-comfort level of the football stadium structures at coordinated movements of audience
Authors: Bulushev Sergey , Bunov Artem
Published: September 2018

In the design of stadiums and other sports facilities it is necessary to take into account the dynamic performance caused by coordinated movement of groups of people. National standard technical documents do not contain guidance on the setting of dynamic loads caused by people, as well as admissible dynamic parameters of grandstands’ structures in the stadiums caused by such actions that should be taken in consideration in the course of design. Therefore, it is necessary to develop appropriate recommendations. Based on the developed recommendations, analysis of stadium structures for dynamic loads caused by the audience movement was performed in the time domain by direct integration of motion equation using certified software package Lira 10.4. It was obtained that the dynamic human-comfort level in the grandstands and in the under-grandstand facilities was ensured. Recommendations were made based on the analysis of international and Russian standard technical documents, generalization of available experience in design, construction, and operation of such objects, including similar unique large span structures. Obtained accelerations of under-grandstand facilities were analyzed in accordance with the construction standards SN 2.2.4/2.1.8.566-96. It was revealed that the limit values for some structure points have been exceeded.
Evaluation of the revitalization capacity of the historic building as an example of interdisciplinary diagnostics
Authors: Terlikowski Wojciech
Published: September 2018

The revitalization process is an interdisciplinary process that combines many fields of economy and science. It is a set of urban planning, architectural and construction, economic, business, pro-social and pro-environment actions, which purpose is to lead the area out of a crisis situation. This is often done by restoring to the revitalized area its former utility function or creating a new one. In case of buildings, especially historic ones, located in the revitalized area, a key element of revitalization is their rehabilitation. The successful revitalization process requires adequate interdisciplinary diagnosis, taking into account not only the technical issues relating to the technical condition of the building, but also beyond technical issues arising from the principles of sustainable development. The revitalization capacity of the historic building is a set of features, properties and states defining the building, in terms of its construction, form, function, location, environmental, social and health values, defining opportunities and economic viability of planned revitalization, including all aspects of revitalization, also principles of sustainable development. The article discusses the methodologies for evaluation of the revitalization capacity of a historic building, on the example of interdisciplinary diagnostics of specific historic buildings located in Warsaw.
Experimental studies of compliance of vertical joints used in construction of high-rise panel buildings
Authors: Shuvalov Aleksandr , Gorbunov Igor , Kovalev Mikhail , Faizova Adelia
Published: September 2018

The results of the experimental studies of the vertical joint compliance used in the construction of the high-rise panel buildings are presented in this article. The vertical joints with various concrete grades, thickness of the panels, number and mutual bracing of the mating elements were used in this research conducted for LLC «LSR» in MGSU. The compliance ratios were measured on three steps: from the beginning of loading till the crack formation in one of the elements – I1; from the beginning of loading till maximal load – I2; from crack formation till maximal load – I3. Gained values can be used as basic data for structural engineering of panel high-rise buildings.
Impact of land-cover change related to urbanization on surface runoff estimation
Authors: Gilewski Paweł , Węglarz Arkadiusz
Published: September 2018

Civil engineering structures are highly responsible for the negative aspects of urbanization on the hydrological cycle. Due to the land cover change and an increase of impervious areas the risk of flooding can rise significantly. The paper presents the impact of urbanization processes on surface runoff estimation for a small mountainous catchment between 1990-2012.
Influence of soil specimen preparation on results of its organic matter content laboratory determination
Authors: Nguyen Giang
Published: September 2018

Paper deals with influence of soil specimen preparation on values of its organic matter content, determined by laboratory tests. Totally 54 specimens of soils CG, CL, CI and CH from Lipnik, Międzyrzecze and Nieboczowy, Poland were tested. To obtain values of soils organic matter content, the oxidation method introduced in the Polish Standard PN-88/B-04481 was applied. The tests were carried out for particles smaller than 2 mm. For every sample, 3 specimens (every with a mass about 10 g of dry soil) were prepared by such a way that the first one is taken from whole sample after drying about 200 g of wet soil. The second and third one were taken from 50 g of remaining sample mass after taking the first one. As an oxidizing agent, the 30% hydrogen peroxide solution was used. The results show that values of organic matter content of soils range from 0.03% to 2.74%. The largest difference in values of organic matter content, caused by specimen preparation, was 0.38% (absolute difference), corresponding to relative difference 15.86%. The smallest difference was null. Mentioned difference causes negligible difference in soil erodibility factor K hence negligible difference in soil erosion rate in mentioned locations.
Using the calculation method for low-melting clay assessment
Authors: Chumachenko Natalia , Turnikov Vladimir , Kuzmin Vladimir
Published: September 2018

Low-melting polymineral clays are widely used in building ceramics production. The properties of ceramic products depend on many factors. The paper describes properties of low-melting clay from Belebey deposit, Bashkiria. Using mathematical statistics methods, researchers make statistical analysis of grain size composition of clay raw material on Belebey brick factory and also analyze amount of sand additives and mixing moisture content. The study of general and technological properties of clay raw materials, and materials obtained from this raw material, was carried out in accordance with existing regulations using chemical, differential-thermal and non-standard methods. According to chemical analysis, non-standard assessment of clay raw materials was carried out by means of computer program "Assessment", developed at the Department of Building Materials Production and Engineering Structures. The method of calculating quantity and composition of melted material, formed in ceramic masses during firing, using known diagrams of aluminosilicate systems state is used. The assessment made it possible to determine maximum firing temperature and firing range and additives improving clinker formation. The studies show that calculation indicators are consistent with experimental data. They can be used for quick assessment of raw materials properties when changing its composition, and in adjustment of technological parameters of production.
On effect of superplasticizers and mineral additives on shrinkage of hardened cement paste and concrete
Authors: Nesvetaev Grigory , Koryanova Yulia , Zhilnikova Tatiana
Published: September 2018

A model describing the variation in autogenous shrinkage and drying shrinkage of portland cement concrete, depending on the volume of aggregates and the shrinkage of hardened cement paste, is presented. The equation to calculate shrinkage of concrete as a function of the volume of aggregates and shrinkage of a hardened cement paste was proposed. Formulas are proposed that describe the change in the shrinkage of hardened cement paste as a function of water/cement. The results of studies of the effect of superplasticizers and mineral additives on the autogenous shrinkage and the drying shrinkage of hardened cement paste are presented. Concretes made with superplasticizer and mineral additive may have the potential lower the value of drying shrinkage. The shrinkage value can be lowered from 30% till 70%. Concretes containing superplasticizers and mineral additives can potentially have the autogenous shrinkage reduced to 75%, or increased to 180%.
Analytical description of physical and technical parameters of a bending reinforced concrete structure, influencing reinforcement fire resistance
Authors: Ilyin Nikolay , Panfilov Denis , Gorshkalev Pavel
Published: September 2018

The paper presents field experiments and analytical description results of physical and technical parameters of bending reinforced concrete structures and their fire resistance. The results take into account the burial depth of working reinforcement, the thermo-diffusion value of protective layer concrete, the degree of reinforcement fire resistance, the nominal diameter of working reinforcement. The degree of reinforcement fire resistance is characterized by the thickness of the protective layer of concrete that changes its size and thermal characteristics in conditions of high temperatures, corrected for the conditions of the center of gravity in the reinforcement cross-section heating up. The study reveals a mathematical description of the indicators, which take into account the value of concrete thermo-diffusion reduced coefficient, intensity of force tension in working reinforcement and the size of its diameter. Analytical functions are derived for these indicators. This research results can be used for making computer algorithms and programs to calculate design fire resistance of bending reinforced concrete constructions of buildings and constructions.
Calculation of the filtration at the porous medium outlet
Authors: Osipov Yuri , Safina Galina , Vetoshkin Nikita
Published: September 2018

The study of fluid filtration with solid impurities in a porous medium is necessary for the construction of tunnels, hydraulic structures and underground storage of radioactive waste. The model of deep bed filtration of a monodisperse suspension in a homogeneous porous medium with variable porosity and permeability is considered. An asymptotic solution is constructed at the porous medium outlet. Calculations show the proximity of the high order asymptotics to the numerical solution.
“Green” standards will ensure safe living environment
Authors: Slesarev Mikhail , Dinh Dap Nguyen
Published: September 2018

The paper introduces the concept of “green” standardization of living environment technologies and “green” innovative products to shape the most likely transition to a new nature-like technological paradigm, which will replace the existing energy-consuming equipment and technology paradigm leading to global ecological collapse in the future. “Green” standardization of the future is necessary to assess compliance and to examine safety and nature-likeness of the newest technologies being developed from among promising breakthrough technologies and to assess compliance of “innovative” products with the requirements of bio-positivity, comfort and safety.
The appliance of prefabricated soil-cement slabs processed with a hydrophobizing material for the road construction
Authors: Sannikov Sergey , Kuyukov Sergey , Zamyatin Alexey , Zhigailov Alexandr
Published: September 2018

The paper presents a complex method for increasing water resistance and reducing crack formation by using a prefabricated foundation of soil-cement slabs with surface processing with a hydrophobizing material on basis of organosilicon compounds. Theoretical, laboratory and full-scale experimental studies were made. Theoretical studies are based on the substantiation of the geometric parameters of the slab in order to exclude the probability of its destruction under its own weight during building and installation works. The result of the first stage of laboratory studies is the determination of the optimum composition of soil-cement mixture in order to achieve a grade of strength M20. At the second stage, the effectiveness of the influence of hydrophobizing materials "Tiprom U" and "Penetron-Admix" on water absorption and compressive strength of soil-cement was determined. The final stage of the research was a full-scale experiment. In the factory environment, soil-cement slabs were manufactured in metal forms. Based on the results of the research, conclusions about the effectiveness of this complex method were made. The use of soil-cement slabs allows reducing crack formation, as well as to work all year round due to manufacturing and surface treatment of slabs in the factory conditions.
Simulation curves of scooping and digging grab
Authors: Tsipurskiy Ilya
Published: September 2018

The article deals with a brief description of the purpose and scope of the exchangeable working equipment on cranes and excavators. It is shown that two-leaf rope grab during the cycle can scoop loose material or excavate the ground with digging. In the latter case, the edge of the leaf is equipped with teeth and the specific mass of the bucket per cubic meter of its capacity should be much heavier than with scooping.. An apparent discrepancy between the curve needed for obtaining the greatest grabbing of loose material or ground, i.e., a geometric curve that does not take into account the operational factors of the process, and its actual curve is revealed. In the case of working on the ground, it is called the trajectory of digging. The introduction of the concept of “simulation curve” is an innovative moment in the work. It means the trajectory that adequately adapts the actual geometry of the scooping trajectory or the digging one. The method of geometric construction of the scooping trajectory and the digging one without operational factors is provided.. The method of constructing adequate simulation curves and calculating the volume of portions of material when scooping or digging is outlined.
Impact of bitumen composition on empirical properties
Authors: Remišová Eva , Holý Michal
Published: September 2018

In recent years, there has been a further development of refining technology, which make it possible to better use of crude oil, which also has a major impact on the quality of bitumen. Most European refineries, of course, are processing, for reasons of the resale of petroleum products, especially petroleums suitable for the recovery of light and middle fractions. Therefore, light petroleums are required, with low yields of heavy fractions, which are highly economically and in dispositions efficient for processors on the petroleum market. Emphasis is placed on the sulfur content, the paraffin content is no longer the most important aspect. Less important from the perspective of the refinery is the content and the ratio of asphaltenes and maltenes. There is no doubt that we will have to change our view on petroleum products. Their availability will continue to decline, their price, on the other hand, is likely to grow in relation to falling supplies of resources. Therefore, the view of the bitumen must be changed. The most common way of production of PG bitumen is vacuum distillation, which is carried out in such a way that the vacuum distillation residue satisfies it´s properties bitumen requirements for the relevant penetration.
Analysis of selected properties of warming system prepared with various plastering mortar
Authors: Godlewska Wioletta , Koper Artur
Published: September 2018

Nowadays, one of the most important challenge in civil construction is design, build and use buildings in sustainable development way. This article describes one of the most important thermo-modernization undertaking, which is increase of insulation of external walls. The research was prepared in special technology on samples with silicon, mineral, acrylic thin-layer plasters and with adhesive mass only. Purpose of the research was to analyze the physical and mechanical properties of the additional layer with this four variants of plastering mortar. The research, which was made by authors showed that the thin – layer plasters are characterized by resistance to environmental factors, which they are directly exposed. The connection between the individual layers of the thermal insulation system secures durability of the plasters. The samples with mineral plastering mortar were characterized by the highest interlayer adhesion
Decorative coatings based on the processing of fine waste crushing concrete scrap
Authors: Tkach Evgeniya , Nurbaturov Kanapiya , Kulibayev Askar
Published: September 2018

Experiments were carried out to determine the rational range of the proportion of fillers from sand and the dropout of crushing concrete scrap as a replacement part of the cement to obtain colloidal cement glue and to assess the effect of fillers of different specific surface area and the degree of filling on the kinetics of the set of strength of the hardened stone. It is established that the composition of the concrete scrap crushing drop-out contains about 30% of non-hydrated Portland cement, which deter-mines its use as an active micro-filler in the production of fine cement sys-tems. According to its chemical composition, the elimination of crushing of concrete scrap from heavy concrete is presented in the form of com-pounds of oxide groups, which, as a result of the interaction, provide the process of solid-phase synthesis of new compounds and are not able to en-ter into chemical interaction with pigments, the color of which is deter-mined by the type and content of iron oxides, and therefore has no contra-indications for use in decorative thin-milled cement systems.
Priority local criteria for choosing of building technology
Authors: Zholobova Elena
Published: September 2018

The article contains some suggestions on the formation of sets of local criteria for the selection of optimal building technologies. Tables of priority local criteria universal for all building technologies are provided. Interest of the construction participants in use of these criteria is proved. Application of priority local criteria will allow to exclude expenses of time for their analysis and to avoid mistakes at their choice and also to provide possibility of automation of the choice of optimum building technologies.
The research on the sifting from processing of East Donbass refuse heap for manufacturing wall ceramics goods
Authors: Yavruyan Khungianos , Gaishun Evgeny , Teryokhina Yuliya , Kotlyar Vladimir
Published: September 2018

The results of the research into sifting of eastern Donbass gob pile processing as raw material for manufacturing wall ceramics, that is popular industrial raw material of the region, are highlighted in the report. It is stated that the main sifting components are siltstones, clay slates, claystone, and sandstones. The main minerals of the sifting are feldspar, crystalline silica, mica, and hydromica. The haracteristic of sifting handling ability for which the most suitable is the way of goods compression molding at elevated pressure and reduced humidity is given. It is stated that the main technology factors are grain composition of raw material mass, its humidity, compression pressure and firing temperature. Variation of technology factors' data makes it possible to get different kinds of products (course, lining, arch brick) with a wide range of features. Methods of evaluation of quality merit rating and the way this rating affects properties of final product are offered. There is high economical perspective of sifting implementation for production of wall ceramics.
The thermal stress of roller-compacted concrete dams during construction
Authors: Aniskin Nikolay , Nguyen Trong Chuc
Published: September 2018

During the construction of concrete dams from rolled-compacted concrete, the main effect on the structure are the temperature effects. As a result of heat generation during hydration of cement and the influence of many other factors, significant temperature gradients and cracks may occur. In this paper, the optimal maximum temperatures arising in the body of the concrete dam under construction are determined by the method of experiment planning and the method of numerical simulation - the finite element method. The analysis of the influence of the acting factors on the temperature regime and the thermal stressed state at the rock-built concrete dam from rolled concrete is carried out. The dependences are obtained and nomograms are constructed to determine the optimal parameters. With the help of the computer program Midas Civil 2011, calculations of the temperature regime of the constructed dam were carried out and the maximum temperatures were determined. The calculations of thermal stress state of the structure along with an analysis of the possible cracking are conducted.
Increasing the Tracks Efficiency by Using Energy-Saving Oils in Transmission and Engine
Authors: Ponomarenko Anatoliy , Boiko Mikhail , Lyashenko Mikhail , Dudnik Vitaly
Published: September 2018

A method for improving the efficiency of construction machinery and vehicles by using the energy-saving engine and transmission oils is proposed. Developed additives give to oils the energy-saving properties. The results of oils tests in engines and transmissions of trucks are given. It is shown the modified oils using reduces the fuel by 7.2% - 8.3%, the efficiency of the transmission increases to 12%.
Three-dimensional mobile mapping system and its use in road engineering
Authors: Florkova Zuzana , Duris Lukas , Veselovsky Michal , Sedivý Stefan , Kovalova Dasa
Published: September 2018

The paper focuses on the issue of the use of three-dimensional mobile mapping system and the following processing of obtained data. The first part is devoted to the description of the three-dimensional mobile mapping technology using LiDAR, specifically to the mobile three-dimensional scanner - Lynx SG1 from Teledyne OPTECH. It describes into more details the process of works from the field data collection to their so called "postprocessing" as well as a variety of output options and interpretations of results obtained in the measurements. Advantages of the system together with its limits of use are summarized in the conclusion of the research paper.
Optimization of thermal stability of structural elements of high-rise buildings to increase their energy efficiency
Authors: Giyasov Botir , Semenov Vyacheslav , Giyasova Irina
Published: September 2018

The problem of improving energy efficiency of modern urban buildings is becoming increasingly important. Urbanization, which con-tributes to the growth of megacities, causes an increase in the number of modern high-rise buildings and the development of urban infrastructure, resulting in increased energy consumption. When dealing with the energy efficiency of high-rise buildings, it is necessary to take into account such factors as the location, building orientation with respect to the cardinal di-rections, functional purposes, a three-dimensional and design solutions. Conservation of energy inside high-rise buildings, which contributes to minimum energy consumption in order to create and maintain a comforta-ble temperature, is one of the urgent tasks. This problem can be solved by thermal insulation of cladding and the use of effective heat-insulating ma-terials to reduce the negative impact of climatic factors on high-rise build-ings. Using the example of the Evolution Tower, we analyzed Moscow City high-rise buildings, made calculations and graphs of variation in the temperature and wind speed throughout the height of the building. An in-crease in wind speed and a decrease in temperature throughout the height of the building create extreme conditions that affect the heat loss of high-rise buildings, which must be taken into account in the heat protection of external enclosing structures.
Development of Innovative HFRP Bars
Authors: Protchenko Kostiantyn , Szmigiera Elżbieta , Urbański Marek , Garbacz Andrzej
Published: September 2018

The main factors determining the choice of fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) materials are the intended use of the designed structure and the environmental conditions in which it will be located. Currently, the FRP-based materials have a variety of applications in the construction industry, from the secondary structural elements of buildings, to a complicated designs, where the only FRPs were used. The advances in FRP technology have spurred interest in introducing innovative hybrid fiber-reinforced polymer (HFRP), which potentially can be used as reinforcing/enhancing material. This paper describes the investigation on newly-developed hybrid fiber-reinforced polymer HFRP bars, which were created by modification of basalt fiber-reinforced polymer BFRP bars in terms of physical substituting of the certain amount of basalt fibers by the part of carbon fibers. Modification is aimed at achieving of better properties in obtained material and simultaneously ensuring cost-effectiveness concept. The investigation includes the preparation and numerical considerations on HFRP bars as well as first attempts of experimental structural testing of innovative HFRP bars.
The influence of Li2CO3 on the kinetics of the concrete hardening at the temperature of 80°C
Authors: Adamtsevich Aleksey , Blinov Ivan , Shilova Liubov , Pustovgar Andrey , Shokodko Ekaterina
Published: September 2018

Abstract. The present work was done during the research carried out by the authors, the aim of which was to develop methods for reducing energy costs in the manufacture of precast concrete and reinforced concrete structures for civil engineering. The paper presents the results of the analysis of the addition of lithium carbonate (Li2CO3) effect on the rate of hydration of Portland cement and the concrete obtained on its basis under high temperature conditions (80°C). The heat release curves were obtained during the hydration of samples based on a cement binder using the isothermal calorimetry method. The addition of Li2CO3 was taken in dosages from 0.5% to 2.0% by weight of cement. The graphical dependences of the heat release of the exothermic hydration reaction from the used dosage of lithium carbonate in the first 10 hours of hardening are established and presented in the paper. The obtained heat release data were compared with the graphs of the hardening of the samples tested by the standard method.
Synthesis of the equipment health management system of the turbine units' of thermal power stations
Authors: Suleimenov Batyrbek A. , Sugurova Laura A. , Suleimenov Alibek B. , Suleimenov Aituar B. , Zhirnova Oxana V.
Published: September 2018

The aim of the research is the development of technical diagnostics subsystem with the possibility of its further integration into the automated system of equipment health management, which will improve the efficiency of data ware, hardware and software. Synthesis of intellectual diagnostic models was produced a by using the Matlab graphical agents. At the same time, there were synthesized models of three types: fuzzy, neural-network and model built by planning the full factorial experimental method. Was proposed the concept of the three-stage procedure of the diagnosis of the thermal power station's turbine unit, instead of the creation of diagnosis mathematical models and failure models of objects, immediately begin to develop an algorithm of diagnosis using advanced intelligent technologies. The technique of creating a sub-line diagnostics status of the turbine unit, which includes three main stages: identification of diagnostic features based on expert method; the synthesis of diagnostic model of the facility technical condition; research models on the stability, sensitivity and uniqueness, was proposed. The main diagnostic features of assessing the state of turbine equipment, which, in accordance with the concept developed, allow forming a matrix of planning a full factorial experiment. The proposed techniques and concepts were subjected to experimental verification. The intellectual diagnostic model of turbine unit equipment health was proposed, synthesized and investigated. It was found that the best model is the model, built using neuro-fuzzy algorithms. The simulation was provided for neuro-fuzzy algorithms and confirmed their effectiveness and compliance with the laws of the physical functioning of the HPC. The results of this research have been used in the development of Almaty CHP-2 turbine equipment health management subsystems, allow the further development of the theoretical foundations of intellectual systems, and demonstrate the possibility of using modern concepts to solve important technical problems. Subsystem of operative diagnosis and the following software implementation in a complex of automated technological process of thermal power control system allows one to make an early diagnosis of the equipment health. This significantly reduces the maintenance costs, improves reliability and security, as well as the effectiveness of the control system. In this regard, the results of this study provide further development of the theoretical foundations of the intellectual systems and demonstrate the possibility of modern concepts usage to determinate the important technical problems.
Forming limit diagram prediction of 6061 aluminum by GTN damage model
Authors: Safdarian Rasoul
Published: September 2018

Forming limit diagram (FLD) is one of the formability criteria which is a plot of major strain versus minor strain. In the present study, Gurson-Tvergaard-Needleman (GTN) model is used for FLD prediction of aluminum alloy 6061. Whereas correct selection of GTN parameters’ is effective in the accuracy of this model, anti-inference method and numerical simulation of the uniaxial tensile test is used for identification of GTN parameters. Proper parameters of GTN model is imported to the finite element analysis of Nakazima test for FLD prediction. Whereas FLD is dependent on forming history and strain path, forming limit stress diagram (FLSD) based on the GTN damage model is also used for forming limit prediction in the numerical method. Numerical results for FLD, FLSD and punch’s load-displacement are compared with experimental results. Results show that there is a good agreement between the numerical and experimental results. The main drawback of numerical results for prediction of the right-hand side of FLD which was concluded in other researchers’ studies was solved in the present study by using GTN damage model.
Der Begriff Burnout: Sinnvoller Einsatz in der
Psychotherapie
Authors: Köllner Volker
Published: September 2018

„Burnout“ wird von Patienten gerne zur Selbstbeschreibung genutzt – der Begriff
wird als weniger stigmatisierend erlebt als z. B. „Depression“. Zudem impliziert
er als Ursache der Erkrankung eher äußere Belastung oder ehrenhafte Motive als
persönliche Schwäche. Bei Therapeuten stößt die Selbstklassifikation eher auf
Vorbehalte: Oft wollen die Patienten auf diese Weise der Auseinandersetzung mit
eigenen Anteilen aus dem Wege gehen und in der Opferrolle verharren.
Burnout bei Studierenden
Authors: Gusy Burkhard , Lesener Tino , Wolter Christine
Published: September 2018

Bei jeder/jedem sechsten Studierenden (17 %) wird, nach Ergebnissen des
Arztreports 1, eine psychische Störung
diagnostiziert. Burnout wird hier nicht ausgewiesen, da es bisher keine
einheitliche Definition gibt. In der ICD-10 wird es unter „Probleme mit
Bezug auf Schwierigkeiten bei der Lebensbewältigung“ mitgenannt (Z73).
Kennzeichnend für Burnout ist, dass Menschen, die zunächst mit Freude und
voller Energie einer Arbeit nachgehen, sich verausgaben und erschöpfen. Das
Phänomen wird heute für über 60 Personengruppen und Berufe beschrieben,
darunter Studierende.
Psychosomatische Rehabilitation bei Burnout
Authors: Olbrich Dieter
Published: September 2018

Jährlich werden in Deutschland ca. 150 000 psychosomatische
Rehabilitationsmaßnahmen durchgeführt. Dies entspricht ca. 16 % aller jährlichen
Rehabilitationsbehandlungen und zeigt die große Bedeutung von psychischen und
psychosomatischen Erkrankungen bei Erwerbstätigen. Aber Burnout ist keine
anerkannte Krankheit – trotzdem ein Grund für Rehabilitationsmaßnahmen?
Fallbericht Burnout, Depression, Psychiatrisierung und
Mobbing
Authors: Wilms Hans-Ulrich , Broda Michael , Wiegand-Grefe Silke , Wilms Bettina
Published: September 2018

Ein Richter in vorsitzender Funktion leidet an Burn-Out und depressiver
Symptomatik. Konflikte mit seinem neuen Vorgesetzten belasten ihn – er fühlt
sich psychiatrisiert und in seinem Autonomiebestreben bedroht.
Liebe Leserinnen und Leser,
Authors: Haensch Carl-Albrecht
Published: September 2018

das dritte Schwerpunktheft in den letzten 20 Jahren der Klinischen Neurophysiologie über das autonome Nervensystem liegt Ihnen jetzt vor. Nach einer Darstellung der Anwendung der Analyse der Herzfrequenzvariabilität in Neurologie und Psychiatrie in 1998 und einem urogenitalen und gastrointestinalen Schwerpunkt in 2011, beschäftigen sich die aktuellen Beiträge mit der State of the Art-Diagnostik und neuen therapeutischen Ansätzen der gestörten kardiovaskulären Regulation. Kreislaufregulationsstörungen stehen oft im Mittelpunkt der autonomen Diagnostik. Dies liegt daran, dass Synkopen besonders häufig sind und Beschwerden einer orthostatischen Intoleranz sowohl bei vermeintlich „gesunden“ jungen Menschen mit einem Posturalen Tachykardiesyndrom vorkommen können, aber auch als orthostatische Hypotonie in Folge der Neurodegeneration autonomer Kerngebiete zu beobachten sind. Neue Themen sind in den vergangenen Jahren aufgekommen: Die besonders häufigen autonomen Störungen bei REM-Schlafverhaltensstörung sind ein weiterer Grund, sich mit dem Vegetativum bei neurodegenerativen Erkrankungen zu beschäftigen, wie dies bereits mehrere Forschergruppen derzeit tun. Der SUDEP ist ein noch ungelöstes Rätsel in der Epileptologie, welches auch aus autonomer Sicht noch besser verstanden werden muss.

Wenig Interesse an der Entwicklung von neuen Therapien ist seit der Einführung von Sildenafil auf Seiten der pharmazeutischen Industrie zu erkennen. Auch autonome Messplätze sind kaum auf den medizintechnischen Ausstellungen zu sehen. Einzig L-Threo-DOPS wurde zwischenzeitlich in den USA zur Behandlung der orthostatischen Hypotonie – wie bereits seit vielen Jahren in Japan – zugelassen.
Rapid Sequence Induction
Authors: Hinkelbein Jochen , Kranke Peter
Published: September 2018

Die „Rapid Sequence Induction and Intubation“ (RSI oder RSII) ist bei Patienten mit erhaltener Kreislauffunktion die Standardmethode, um schnellstmöglich eine Atemwegssicherung im Rahmen einer Notfallsituation bzw. Narkose durchzuführen. Ziel einer RSI ist es, eine Aspiration durch die schnelle endotracheale Intubation und den Verzicht auf eine Zwischenbeatmung zu verhindern.

Auch heute besitzen nur wenige europäische Länder eine explizite Handlungsempfehlung zur Durchführung einer RSI. In der täglichen klinischen Routine hat sich die Kopfhochlagerung etabliert, die gegenüber den anderen Lagerungsarten gewisse Vorteile bietet. Eine liegende Magensonde sollte i. d. R. während der RSI belassen werden und muss nicht zwingend in den Ösophagus zurückgezogen werden. Wenn keine Magensonde gelegt wurde bzw. bereits lag, ist die Einlage einer Magensonde nach Intubation sinnvoll. Vor der RSI sollte im Normalfall ein Opioid appliziert werden, da die Dosis kreislaufwirksamer Hypnotika und die hämodynamische Stimulation bei der Intubation reduziert werden können.
Diagnosis and Management of Nonocclusive Mesenteric Ischemia
Authors: Agarwal Himani , Pillai Anil , Kalva Sanjeeva
Published: September 2018

Acute hypoperfusion of the bowel without mechanical occlusion of the arterial or venous circulation is referred to as nonocclusive mesenteric ischemia (NOMI) and is responsible for approximately one fourth of all arterial causes of mesenteric ischemia. Patients present with nonspecific symptoms, making clinical diagnosis difficult. Prognosis is poor with high mortality rates. Mortality rates have improved during the past two decades from 80 to 50% due to early diagnosis and prompt initiation of treatment. In this review, we discuss the etiology, pathophysiology, and symptoms of NOMI as well as radiological findings and management along with comprehensive review of the literature.
Rasmussen's Encephalitis
Authors: Luat Aimee
Published: September 2018

Rasmussen's encephalitis (RE) is a childhood epilepsy syndrome characterized by drug-refractory focal seizures especially epilepsia partialis continua, progressive hemiparesis, and neurocognitive decline. Diagnosis is mainly clinical and can be ambiguous during the early stages of the disease. Its underlying etiology is still elusive, but is suspected to be immune mediated. Treatment of seizures and disease progression is challenging, and although immunotherapy may delay its course, to date, surgical disconnection of the diseased hemisphere remains to be the only effective treatment providing seizure freedom in 60 to 85% of cases. The following review summarizes the current knowledge of the pathophysiology, clinical presentation, management, and treatment of RE.
Placeboeffekte bei chronischen Schmerzen: Forschungsstand und klinische Anwendung
Authors: Müller Maike , Bräscher Anne-Kathrin
Published: September 2018

Spielte der Placeboeffekt ehemals vorwiegend eine (eher unliebsame) Rolle bei randomisierten kontrollierten Studien, so treten nun vermehrt die mit dem Placeboeffekt verbundenen Chancen in den Vordergrund. Dieser Beitrag bespricht bisherige Forschungserkenntnisse zum Placeboeffekt bei chronischen Schmerzen und zeigt, wie durch eine gezielte Beeinflussung des therapeutischen Kontexts die Wirksamkeit pharmakologisch aktiver Schmerzmedikamente gesteigert werden kann.
The impact of intra-cultural and inter-cultural task repetition on interaction
Authors: Aubrey Scott
Published: September 2018

Previous classroom-based research has shown that task repetition (Kim, 2013) and interlocutor proficiency (e.g. Watanabe & Swain, 2007) can affect the extent to which learners reflect on language form during the performance of collaborative tasks. Furthering these lines of inquiry, this study compares the effect of task repetition on Japanese EFL learners’ attention to linguistic form during the performances of oral tasks under two conditions: when task repetition involves (1) a Japanese interlocutor and (2) a non-Japanese interlocutor. Japanese learners (n = 36) from two EFL classes performed two oral, collaborative tasks in pairs. In one class, learners were paired with international, English-speaking students (n = 18), while in the other class learners were paired with peers of the same class. Participants in each group kept the same partner for the duration of the initial and repeated task performances. Task interactions were transcribed and analyzed in terms of language-related episodes (LREs). Results indicated that repeating tasks with a non-Japanese interlocutor led to a number of significant benefits, including a higher incidence of LREs overall, more episodes being resolved with uptake, and a higher rate of complex and grammatical LREs than during the first task performances. On the other hand, repetition with a Japanese interlocutor resulted in no significant change in LRE production, but a significant decrease in the production of lexical LREs.
Second language learning through repeated engagement in a poster presentation task
Authors: Kobayashi Emi , Kobayashi Masaki
Published: September 2018

This chapter reports on an ethnographic multiple-case study of EFL students’ language learning through repeated engagement in a poster presentation task. The study draws upon sociocultural and ecological perspectives to highlight the interpersonal processes that contribute to L2 students’ learning through a poster carousel (Lynch & Maclean, 2000, 2001) that involved three presentations by the same group on the same topic, each followed by a question-answer session. Participants were Japanese undergraduate students, and data were collected primarily through classroom observations, audio-recordings of task-related interactions, semi-structured interviews, and collection of relevant documents. Recorded discourse was analyzed mainly using an ethnography of communication approach (Duff, 2002) in order to trace the interactional trajectories that led to changes in students’ performances. The analysis showed that students benefited from their repeated experiences with the task in a variety of ways. Some students acted upon the feedback from their audience to refine their subsequent task performances. Other students used questions from their previous audience to invite contributions from the current audience. Importantly, not all students were willing to change their second and third performances because their main concern was to avoid risk-taking. The chapter concludes by discussing the implications of these findings for research and pedagogy.