bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Saudi Arabia's Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) Outbreak: Consequences, Reactions, and Takeaways
Authors: Salomon IZERE
Published: April 2024

Global public health systems have continuously faced challenges from the advent of novel infectious illnesses, necessitating quick and efficient actions to stop their spread.First discovered in Saudi Arabia in 2012, Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) is a viral respiratory disorder caused by the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV). Since then, the nation has reported most cases and fatalities related to this sickness, with occasional outbreaks happening in other nations and regions. Severe sickness and high mortality are caused by MERS-CoV, especially in older persons and those with underlying chronic conditions. Through intimate contact, the virus can spread from people to dromedary camels and vice versa. It has sparked multiple epidemics both domestically and abroad in the Middle East, raising the possibility of fatalities and widespread transmission, especially in susceptible groups. The Riyadh region was the main target of the most current MERS-CoV outbreak in Saudi Arabia, which began in 2023 and ended on September 1, 2023, with 312 confirmed cases and ninety-seven fatalities. With the use of published studies and their contributions to the field, we hope to present a thorough overview of the MERS-CoV outbreak in Saudi Arabia in this review of the literature, including its epidemiological investigation, public health response, impact, and lessons learned. In addition to highlighting the importance and continued relevance of this problem, our work suggests ways to lower the risk of MERS-CoV transmission and avert further outbreaks.
Včelařství v Čechách a na Moravě v 16.–18. století ve světle tištěných příruček
Authors: Hřebenářová Martina
Published: April 2024

The article deals with beekeeping in Bohemia, and marginally also in Moravia, in the period between the16th and18th century, more precisely until 1789, when the first purely Czech beekeeping manual entitled Aučinlivé spravování včel pro obecného krajana v Království českém by Josef Antonín Janiš was published. Until now, we have believed that Janiš was the first to introduce extension beekeeping in Bohemia, in log hives. The author shows, however, that in the period preceding his writings, far from being a primitive method of keeping beehives in log hives, the industry had many forms and local differences depending on various subjective and objective conditions, among which the knowledge, experience and capabilities of the beekeeper, the types of hives used, the conditions of theirs habitat can be counted. The aim of the work is to introduce the sources to a hitherto unprocessed period of the beekeeping industry with practices often bizarre, reflecting the extinct zootechnics.
WITHDRAWN: Are Egyptian Students' Entrepreneurial Behaviours Affected by University Ecosystems?
Authors: Ead Hamed , Elbadry Abdullah M. M.
Published: April 2024

The full text of this preprint has been withdrawn by the authors due to author disagreement with the posting of the preprint. Therefore, the authors do not wish this work to be cited as a reference. Questions should be directed to the corresponding author.
Patanjali's Beauty Enigma: Unveiling Women Consumer Perception
Authors: ALI SHAHEEN EFRAH
Published: April 2024

Purpose –The study aims to identify the factors that influence women consumer behaviour towards Patanjali's cosmetic products, such as brand loyalty, purchase decision-making, and overall satisfaction levels.
Research Methodology – This study used a mixed-method approach, with a sample of 120 women. Quantitative analysis involved 100 responses through structured questionnaires on Google Forms, Descriptive Analysis by using Jamovi Software. Qualitative analysis included interviews with 20 individuals, recorded in Microsoft Excel for frequency distribution and percentages.
Findings – The study concludes that Patanjali's unique marketing strategies and variety of products have presented a significant challenge to many marketers. This study contributes to the understanding of consumer behaviour and brand loyalty in the cosmetic industry.
Research limitations/implications – The study limitations include the sample size and regional focus, suggesting the need for further research in other regions of India.
Practical implications – The study highlights the importance of product quality, reasonable pricing, variety, and natural ingredients, delivering on promises made to consumers, effective marketing strategies, and innovation to retain customers and maintain brand loyalty in the Indian cosmetic market.
Originality/value- The originality and value of this study lie in its exploration of consumer perception and behaviour towards Patanjali cosmetic products in a specific region of India.
Isolation, identification and antimicrobial susceptibility of staphylococcus species from cattle meat slaughtered at Dukem Abattoir enterprise, East Shewa, Ethiopia
Authors: Worku Nafyad , Desta Hana , Fentahun Gizachew , Dubie Teshager , Mandefro Aynalem , Bizuayehu Fanuel , Asmare Adugnaw
Published: April 2024

A cross- sectional study was conducted from October 2017 to April 2018 at Dukem abattoir enterprise in order to isolate, identify Staphylococci species and determine its susceptibility to various antimicrobial agents. A total of 193 samples;110 meat swabs, 30 butcher hand swabs, 23 slaughter line swabs and 30 knives swab were collected and cultured on sheep blood agar. Presumptive staphylococci colonies were sub-cultured and primary and secondary biochemical tests were used to isolate and identify the staphylococcus species. The prevalence of staphylococcal species was 35.8% (69 out of 193 samples). Of 69 (35.8%) positive isolates, 62% were coagulase negative staphylococcus where as 37.7% coagulase positive staphylococcus. From 37.7% coagulase positive staphylococcus, S.hyicus accounted for 16% followed by S. aureus 13%, S. intermedius 9%. Antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of the isolates was done by Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method using 13 antimicrobials. Penicillin G, Spectiomycin, Ceftriaxone, Nalidxic acid and Ceftazidime were drugs to which S. aureus, S. intermedius and S.hyicusisolates were 100% resistant. All S. intermedius was resistant to tetracycline. S aureus isolates were also to large proportion were resistant to Oxytetracycline 88.9%, Tetracycline 77.8% and PolymyxcinB 55.6%. On the contrary, all tested staphylococcus species isolates were susceptible to chloramphenicol. All S. aureus were 100% susceptible to vancomycin and doxycycline. All S.hyicus were susceptible to doxycycline. The current study revealed that the prevalence of staphylococcus species in abattoir was high and isolates of staphylococcus species were resistant to a number of drugs. Therefore, the abattoir should practice proper sanitation to avoid meat contamination, and material should be kept hygienically. In addition, further research should be done on the factor favor multidrug resistant staphylococcus species.
Comprehensive promotion of iPSC-CM maturation by integrating metabolic medium, nanopatterning, and electrostimulation
Authors: Guan Kaomei , Li Wener , Luo Xiaojing , Strano Anna , Arun Shakthi , Gamm Oliver , Pötsch Mareike , Hasse Marcel , Steiner Robert , Fischer Konstanze , Pöche Jessie , Ulbricht Ying , Lesche Mathias , Trimaglio Giulia , El-Armouche Ali , Dahl Andreas , Mirtschink Peter , Schubert Mario
Published: April 2024

The immaturity of human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (iPSC-CMs) is a major limitation for their use in drug screening to identify pro-arrhythmogenic or cardiotoxic molecules, thus hindering their potential role in guiding personalised drug selection for patients. Here, we demonstrate an approach that combines lipid-enriched maturation medium, nanopatterning of culture surfaces and electrostimulation to generate iPSC-CMs with an advanced electrophysiological, structural and metabolic phenotype. Through a systematic, stepwise parallel testing of the three stimuli, electrostimulation emerged as the pivotal factor to enhance mitochondrial development and to improve the electrophysiological properties of iPSC-CMs. The combined approach brought a substantial modification in their current composition by increasing INa, Ito, IK1 and IKr but decreasing ICa−L, resulting in a significant change in their sensitivity to cardioactive drugs. Transcriptome analysis revealed that activation of HMCES and TFAM targets played a role in mitochondrial development, whereas the downregulation of MAPK/PI3K signalling pathways and SRF targets were associated with polyploidy of iPSC-CMs. Taken together, our study provides mechanistic insights into the maturation of iPSC-CMs with a more adult-like drug response.
WITHDRAWN: The outcomes of initial misclassification of undifferentiated hypotension in the emergency department: A prospective observational study
Authors: Lin Jr-Jiun , Chen Wei-Ting , Ong Hooi-Nee , Hung Chi-Sheng , Chang Wei-Tien , Huang Chien-Hua , Tsai Min-Shan
Published: April 2024

Background:
Managing shock, a life-threatening emergency, is challenging. The influence of initial misclassification of undifferentiated hypotension (UH) in the emergency department (ED) on patients’ outcomes remains un-investigated.
Materials and Methods:
This prospective observational study enrolled 270 non-traumatic adult patients with UH who had visited the ED of National Taiwan University Hospital between July 2020 and January 2022. The patients were divided into same-diagnosis and different-diagnosis groups, depending on the consistency between the initial and final classifications (in the ED and at discharge, respectively) of shock. The outcome was survival-to-discharge. The clinical variables, management, and outcomes were compared between the groups.
Results:
Thirty-nine of 270 patients (14.4%) were in the different-diagnosis group. Most patients with misclassification were initially diagnosed as having hypovolemic shock (HS, n = 29), but finally diagnosed as having distributive shock (DS, n = 28) or cardiogenic shock (n = 1). When compared with the same-diagnosis group, the different-diagnosis group had higher hospitalization (94.9% vs. 81.4%, p = 0.023) but lower ED discharge (5.1% vs. 16.5%, p = 0.046) rates. Logistic regression analysis showed HS initially diagnosed was associated with increased risk of misclassification (odds ratio[OR] = 14.731, 95% confidence interval[CI] = 3.572–60.749, p < 0.001). However, the survival-to-discharge did not differ between the two groups. DS, diagnosed at discharge instead of initial misclassification, was associated with in-hospital mortality (OR = 0.317, 95%CI = 0.124–0.810, p = 0.016).
Conclusion:
Misclassification of UH in the ED is not rare, particularly in patients with DS, who are likely to be initially misdiagnosed with HS. Although misclassification may increase hospitalization and decrease ED discharge, it does not affect survival-to- discharge.
Trial registration
IRB number: 202005121RINB; ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04478045 (date of registration: July 20, 2020)
Genome Wide Analysis for Milk, Fat and Protein Yield, and Milking Speedin Turkish Holstein Dairy Cattle
Authors: Koncagül Seyrani , Şen Ayşe Övgü , Yıldırır Mesut , Ünay Engin , Karakoyunlu İbrahim , Kasakolu Anıl
Published: April 2024

Genome wide association studies (GWAS), for testing relations between genetic variants with phenotypic differences in a trait, have been comprehensively used in dairy cattle. The main purpose of this study was to determine single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) variants associated with milk traits in the Turkish Holstein dairy cattle population. Genotypic data from 79 dairy herds and 17 166 cows calved between 2012 and 2019 were obtained from the Cattle Breeders' Association of Turkey (CBAT) and used in GWAS for first lactation milk, fat and protein yield and milking speed. The phenotypes were adjusted for known environmental factors before analysis. The cows were genotyped with Affymetrix Axiom Bovine 54K SNP Chip and the analyses were carried out in R statistical language. After conducting quality control, the data from 15 288 cows with 31 944 SNPs were used in the analysis. In the study, a total of seven SNPs were found, two of them were found to be effective on milk yield (rs109146371, rs109350371) on the BTA14, one was associated with protein yield (rs41718954) on the BTA14, one was associated with fat yield (rs10451141) on the BTA18 and three were associated with milking speed (rs29009916, rs109459144, rs42647772) on the BTA2, BTA11 and BTA12, respectively. Four of them (rs110451141 for fat yield, and rs29009916, rs109459144, rs42647772 for milking speed) were identified for the first time. These findings will be valuable in designing an effective genomic selection program for Holstein dairy cattle populations.
Deoxygenative radical cross-coupling of C(sp3)−O/C(sp3)−H bonds enabled by hydrogen-bond interaction
Authors: Xia Guoqin , Wang Yue , Zhang Shuping , Zeng Ke , Zhang Pengli , Song Xiaorong , Chen Tiegen
Published: April 2024

Building C(sp3)-rich architectures using simple and readily available starting materials will greatly advance modern drug discovery. C(sp3)−H and C(sp3)−O bonds are commonly used to strategically disassemble and construct bioactive compounds, respectively. However, the direct cross coupling of these two chemical bonds to form new C(sp3)−C(sp3) bonds is rarely explored in existing literature. Conventional methods for forming C(sp3)−C(sp3) bonds via radical-radical coupling pathways often suffer from poor selectivity, severely limiting their practicality in synthetic applications. In this study, we present a single electron transfer (SET) strategy that enables the cleavage of amine a-C−H bonds and heterobenzylic C−O bonds to form new C(sp3)−C(sp3) bonds without the catalysis of transition metals. Preliminary mechanistic studies have revealed that a hydrogen bond interaction facilitates the cross-coupling of two radicals with high chemoselectivity. This methodology features a broad substrate scope range from primary to tertiary alcohols and exhibits high functional group compatibility. Most importantly, it provides an effective approach to a variety of aza-heterocyclic unnatural amino acids and bioactive molecules.
Matrix Factorization-Based Trajectory Completion for Addressing Missing Trajectories in Mobile Crowd Sensing
Authors: Wang Chao , Tao Jun , Tang Xu , Xu Yifan , Yang Dongmei
Published: April 2024

In this paper, we propose a matrix decomposition-based method for completing missing historical trajectory data in mobile crowd sensing. We model the data as a matrix, exploiting its low-rank properties to efficiently reconstruct missing values. This approach is effective for addressing incomplete trajectory data.We first validate the temporal and spatial characteristics of latitude and longitude data by creating a matrix and performing low-rank analysis. Next, we mathematically model the missing data completion problem using matrix factorization, incorporating spatial and temporal constraints. Finally, we compare our method with traditional matrix completion techniques, demonstrating its superior performance in enhancing dataset accuracy and robustly addressing location data gaps in mobile trajectories.
Spatial and Temporal Variation in the Air Quality Index during COVID-19 in Punjab, Haryana and Delhi, India
Authors: Kumar Surender , Ankita Ankita
Published: April 2024

The assessment of Delhi, Haryana, and Punjab's air quality is given in this paper. The Geo-spatial and temporal fluctuation of gaseous and particle pollutants over the whole countrywide lockdown period and the same month in the previous year 2019 (September to November) was estimated using geospatial approaches. The Central Pollution Control Board provided data on six fixed contaminants (CPCB). Within this framework, 2019 and 2020 air pollution statistics (PM10, PM2.5, O3, NOx, SO2, and CO2) were examined. The Air Quality Index's (AQI) spatial temporal distribution makes the difference between the lockdown and unlocks times quite evident. According to the results, the COVID-19 lockout caused the air quality to improve from extremely poor to satisfactory in 2019 and from satisfactory to good in 2020. Based on the findings, it will be determined that industry and automobiles have a big role in raising the concentration of pollutants.
Projection of the irrigation requirement of potatoes under climate change in Northwest Bangladesh
Authors: Acharjee Tapos Kumar , Shariot-Ullah Md.
Published: April 2024

Climate change not only affect water resources but also water requirement and it is important to quantify the changes in irrigation requirements to ensure water and food security. In this study, CropWat model was used to estimate the crop water and irrigation requirement of potato in Northwest Bangladesh for two future time periods. Climate scenarios were prepared from five global circulation model outputs for moderate (RCP 4.5) and rapid (RCP 8.5) change following downscaling and bias correction techniques. An increase in reference crop evapotranspiration (ETO) during the potato growing months, especially during the mid-season and late-season stages of potato was observed. The increase in ETO was higher under rapid climate change. A future possible increase in potential crop water and irrigation requirement of potato under climate change was detected for fixed growth duration of potato. There was much variation among the different model estimates. However, the potential crop water requirement during 2080s was higher than that during the 2050s. Results indicate that rapid climate change in the short-run may cause a relatively smaller increase in the irrigation requirement compared to moderate climate change, but rapid climate change in the long-run would definitely cause a very high increase in irrigation requirement.
Assessment of the Bioaccessibility of Zinc in the Selected Biofortified Food Grains
Authors: Rafi Kazi N.S. , Aziz M.G. , Islam Mohammad Amirul , Akash Sarif Istiak , Jakariya Md. , Rahman Moupia
Published: April 2024

Biofortification of zinc (Zn) is a great means of eradicating Zn deficiency, essentially in developing countries. Current study has evaluated the influence of Zn treatment on bioaccessibility of Zn in food grains along with germination assays. Edible (seed) and inedible (root) portions of BARI Gom 28 (Triticum aestivum), BARI Chola 5 (Cicer arietinum) and BARI Mung 6 (Vigna radiata) sprouts were analyzed for Zn bioaccessibility. The highest Zn (44.50 ppm) was extracted from the seed of BARI Chola 5 at 50ppm Zn and the lowest amount (0.45 ppm) was extracted from the root of BARI Mung 6 at control treatment. The highest Zn bioaccessibility percentage (90%) was observed at the seed of BARI Chola 5 and the lowest percentage (62%) at the root of BARI Gom 28 sprouts at 25ppm Zn treatment. After optimizing fractional factorial design analysis, maximum Zn response is observed in the seed of BARI Chola 5 at 50ppm Zn treatment with 91.06% composite desirability. Germination percentage, fresh and dried weight of sprouts, sprout length, seed vigor and biological yield showed better results at 50ppm Zn. Thus, biofortification of food grains through hydroponics approach using control, 25ppm and 50ppm Zn treatments produced contrasting effects on Zn bioaccessibility.
Research on Drilling Method for Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastic Based on Ultrasonic Vibration-Assisted Drilling
Authors: Peng Ji , Chengyang Wang
Published: April 2024

Aiming at the defects such as delamination and tearing that are prone to occur in the drilling process of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastic (CFRP), the finite element simulation and experimentation researches on drilling were carried out by using the Ultrasonic Vibration-Assisted Drilling (UVAD). In this paper, the kinematics characteristics of drill cutting edge during UVAD were analyzed to reveal the basic principle of UVAD. Then the most representative 0° and 90° angle lay-up CFRP of UVAD finite element simulation drilling model was established based on Hashin failure criterion and kinematics characteristics of UVAD. Finally, combined with drilling experiments, the accuracy of the finite element model was checked and the influence of process parameters on the cutting force was explored, and the removal mechanism of UVAD was revealed. The simulation results show that, compared with the Conventional Drilling (CD), the cutting force was reduced and removal modes was changed with the high-frequency impact cutting capability by UVAD. The experimental results also further demonstrate that UVAD effectively reduced the axial force and the delamination ratio. Specifically, the axial force during drilling was reduced by 5.1%~18.2%, the delamination factor at the hole outlet was decreased by 3.1%~8.2%, the drilling defects at the outlet were effectively suppressed, and the quality of the holes was significantly improved.
New perspectives on the potential of temperate freshwater wetlands as natural climate solutions based on different CO2 equivalent metrics
Authors: Ma Shizhou , Creed Irena , Badiou Pascal
Published: April 2024

There is debate about the use of wetlands as natural climate solutions due to their ability to act as a “double-edge sword” with respect to climate impacts by both sequestering CO2while emitting significant amounts of CH4. We used CO2-equivalent metrics to assess the net flux of greenhouse gases from wetlands on a comparable basis. Three CO2-equivalent metrics were used to describe the relative radiative impact of CO2and CH4—the conventional global warming potential (GWP) that looks at pulse GHG emissions over a fixed timeframe, the sustained-flux GWP (SGWP) that looks the sustained GHG emissions over a fixed timeframe, and GWP* that explicitly accounts for changes in the radiative forcing of CH4over time (initially more potent but then diminishes after a specific period)—against model-derived mean temperature profiles. GWP* most closely estimated the mean temperature profiles associated with net wetland GHG emissions. Using the GWP*, intact wetlands serve as climate solutions. However, restored wetlands only serve as natural climate solutions for mid-century net-zero carbon emission initiatives if effective strategies are implemented to control CH4fluxes.
Effect of Mindfulness Based Dialectical Behavioral Therapy (Mbdbt) Training on It Employees : An Intervention Based Approach
Authors: Tasneem Syeda Arifa , Thomas Kennedy Andrew , Panwar Neeraj
Published: April 2024

Mindfulness Based Dialectical Behavioral Therapy (MBDBT) training is a latest advancement in terms of mindfulness based interventions. The MBDBT training focuses on helping the clients learn a set of skills, including - how to observe their experiences, describe the same using verbal labels and be fully present in the moment, as well as in their actions without feeling self-conscious. Hence, the current study is a preliminary investigation to understand the effectiveness of MBDBT training for the identified sample of young employees. A mix-method approach has been used with interview technique followed by time series design for qualitative data. The current empirical research has been conducted on a sample of 10 participants, newly joined employees of Information Technology (IT) companies across Bangalore, within the age range of 25-30 years. For the qualitative part, regular interviews were conducted with the participants through which they were trained on a set of skills for MBDBT, while for the quantitative part, standardized tools pertaining to perceived stress, mindfulness, emotion regulation and general self-confidence were administered. The entire study was 6 weeks long, where the participants were trained on the set of skills for MBDBT training each week, and psychological assessments were done during pre-, mid-, post- and one month follow up sessions for progressive evaluation of MBDBT training. The findings indicate that MBDBT has a significant effect on enhancing mindfulness and cognitive reappraisal and reducing expressive suppression with practice.
Driving mitochondrial fission improves cognitive, but not motor deficits in a mouse model of Ataxia of Charlevoix-Saguenay
Authors: Chen Chunling , Merrill Ronald A. , Jong Chian Ju , Strack Stefan
Published: April 2024

Autosomal-recessive spastic ataxia of Charlevoix-Saguenay (ARSACS) is caused by loss-of-function mutation in theSACSgene, which encodes sacsin, a putative HSP70-HSP90 co-chaperone. Previous studies withSacsknock-out (KO) mice and patient-derived fibroblasts suggested thatSACSINmutations inhibit the function of the mitochondrial fission enzyme dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1). This in turn resulted in mitochondrial hyperfusion and dysfunction. We experimentally tested this hypothesis by genetically manipulating the mitochondrial fission/fusion equilibrium, creating double KO (DKO) mice that also lack positive (PP2A/Bβ2) and negative (PKA/AKAP1) regulators of Drp1. Neither promoting mitochondrial fusion (Bβ2KO) nor fission (Akap1KO) influenced progression of motor symptoms inSacsKO mice. However, our studies identified profound learning and memory deficits in agedSacsKO mice. Moreover, this cognitive impairment was rescued in a gene dose-dependent manner by deletion of the Drp1 inhibitor PKA/Akap1. Our results are inconsistent with mitochondrial dysfunction as a primary pathogenic mechanism in ARSACS. Instead, they imply that promoting mitochondrial fission may be beneficial at later stages of the disease when pathology extends to brain regions subserving learning and memory.
Ocular surface vascular changes after orbital decompression in patients with thyroid ophthalmopathy measured by anterior segment OCT angiography
Authors: Rafizadeh Seyed Mohsen , Heidari Mostafa , Aghajani Amirhosein , Afshar Pedram , Mansourian Sajad , Montazeriani Zahra , Masoumi Ahmad , Rajabi Mohamad Taher
Published: April 2024

Thyroid eye disease (TED) is a common ophthalmologic manifestation of thyroid dysfunction. No imaging modality has become popular for the assessment of anterior segment vasculature of patients with TED. We aimed to assess changes in ocular surface circulation after orbital decompression in patients with TED and to explore the modifying factors of its alteration. Ocular surface vascularity features (vessel density (VD), vessel diameter index (VDI), and vessel length density (VLD)) were assessed via anterior segment optical coherence tomography-angiography (AS-OCTA) before and after orbital decompression in addition to ophthalmic examinations. AS-OCTA of the ocular surface vasculature showed that the temporal vasculature measurements decreased significantly 6 weeks after decompression surgery (p value < 0.05), but in the nasal region, the difference did not reach statistical significance. Ocular surface circulation changes after orbital decompression in patients with TED. These changes can significantly affect the control of IOP and ocular surface symptoms. Someone can use AS-OCTA in evaluating the success of the decompression surgery and the need for further treatments.
S-adenosyl-L-methionine Supplementation Alleviates Aortic Dissection by Decreasing Inflammatory Infiltration
Authors: Wang Qian , An Jun , Zhou Wei , Zhang Yujing , Huang Jiang , Liao Geping , Wang Mingzhe , Xia Lingbo , Le Aiping , Zhu Jianbing
Published: April 2024

Methionine, an indispensable amino acid crucial for dietary balance, intricately governs metabolic pathways. Disruption in its equilibrium has the potential to heighten homocysteine levels in both plasma and tissues, posing a conceivable risk of inducing inflammation and detriment to the integrity of vascular endothelial cells. The intricate interplay between methionine metabolism, with a specific focus on S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM), and the onset of thoracic aortic dissection (TAD) remains enigmatic despite acknowledging the pivotal role of inflammation in this vascular condition. In an established murine model induced by β-aminopropionitrile monofumarate (BAPN), we delved into the repercussions of supplementing with S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM) on the progression of TAD. Our observations uncovered a noteworthy improvement in aortic dissection and rupture rates, accompanied by a marked reduction in mortality upon SAM supplementation. Notably, SAM supplementation exhibited a considerable protective effect against BAPN-induced degradation of elastin and the extracellular matrix. Furthermore, SAM supplementation demonstrated a robust inhibitory influence on the infiltration of immune cells, particularly neutrophils and macrophages. It also manifested a notable reduction in the inflammatory polarization of macrophages, evident through diminished accumulation of MHC-IIhigh macrophages and reduced expression of inflammatory cytokines such as IL1β and TNFα in macrophages. Simultaneously, SAM supplementation exerted a suppressive effect on the activation of CD4 + and CD8 + T cells within the aorta. This was evidenced by an elevated proportion of CD44- CD62L + naïve T cells and a concurrent decrease in CD44 + CD62L- effector T cells. In summary, our findings strongly suggest that the supplementation of SAM exhibits remarkable efficacy in alleviating BAPN-induced aortic inflammation, consequently impeding the progression of thoracic aortic dissection.
Altered Amino Acid Metabolome in Patients affected by HBV cirrhosis at different stages
Authors: Gao Ying , Luo Yanqun , Liu Jia , Deng Xiaoliang , Chen Junmin , tao wu
Published: April 2024

OBJECTIVE: To study the amino acid (AA) profile of serum samples from patients with compensated stage (CS) and decompensated stage (DS) of liver cirrhosis (LC). In particular, changes in AAs in different mood classes after categorizing patients with CS versus DS of LC according to mood class.
METHODS: Using targeted metabolomics, serum AA levels were quantified in two populations: patients with CS (n=60) and patients with DS (n=44). We also analyzed serum AAs in 26 patients with CS and 24 patients with DS after classifying them according to mood class.
RESULTS: In terms of AA levels, serum tyrosine, asparagine, dopamine, phenylalanine and methionine-sulfoxide levels were significantly increased in patients with DS compared to those with CS. In addition, asparagine and methionine-sulfoxide levels correlated with Child-Pugh classification in CS and DS patients; phenylalanine and tyrosine levels correlated with HBV-DNA levels. In terms of AA ratios, Fischer 's ratio, BTR, and BCAAs/AAA ratio were significantly increased in DS patients compared with CS patients. In contrast, tyrosine ratios were significantly lower. In addition, tyrosine ratio, Fischer 's ratio, BTR, and BCAAs/AAA levels were correlated with MELD score in both CS and DS patients; BCAAs/AAA ratio and Fischer 's ratio were correlated with mood score grade.
CONCLUSION: The metabolic profiles of certain AAs in serum of patients with CS and DS of LC are different, which may help to detect the transition from CS to DS as early as possible and have implications for patient care and treatment decisions. In addition, the AA ratios varied with mood class, suggesting that mood factors may be influential in the progression of LC.
A Rare Case of Anti-TIF-1γ Antibody Positive Dermatomyositis in Adulthood: Case Report
Authors: Agrawal Upasana , Sondhi Manush , Smith Alexandra Zamora , Nida Syeda Sara , Umer Sarwat , Hayat Samina , Muzaffar Kinza
Published: April 2024

Background
Dermatomyositis (DM) is characterized by inflammatory myopathy and distinct skin manifestations. It comprises a diverse clinical spectrum often associated with specific autoantibodies. Notably, the presence of anti-transcriptional intermediary factor 1-gamma (TIF-1γ) antibodies in association with DM is typically seen in older patients and is linked to malignancy in about 15% to 40% of the cases.
Case Presentation
A 24-year-old female with proximal weakness, periorbital edema, heliotrope rash, erosions on oral mucosa, and painful scaly rash on bilateral lower extremities presented after a syncopal episode and fall. Myomarker panel was positive for TIF-1γ antibodies. Imaging and biopsy confirmed findings consistent with inflammatory myopathy. Treatment with steroid pulse therapy and intravenous immunoglobulin led to symptomatic improvement in muscle strength and resolution of the rash. Due to positive TIF-1γ antibody results, the patient underwent evaluation for solid organ malignancy, yielding unremarkable results.
Conclusion
This case highlights a unique case of a young female who was diagnosed with anti-TIF-1γ Ab positive DM, deviating from the typical age pattern associated with this condition. Our goal in presenting this case is to reinforce the importance of recognizing and managing anti-TIF-1γ Ab positive DM, even in atypical demographics. Moreover, the association with malignancy necessitates a comprehensive evaluation to exclude underlying neoplasms, emphasizing the importance of multidisciplinary management involving different specialists.
Awareness and Attitudes of Adolescents Towards the use of Intrauterine Device In Makhado Local Municipality, Limpopo Province, South Africa: a qualitative study
Authors: Nyalungu Shonisani Eunice , Mudau Azwinndini Gladys , Lebese Rachel Tsakani
Published: April 2024

Background: There has been a noted increase in facility delivery rate from 15.4% to 16.2% among 10-19 years adolescents’ girls in Vhembe District. Effective contraception such as intrauterine device may reduce unintended pregnancy, the need for the termination of pregnancy, and the delivery rate among adolescents. District Health Barometer recorded a very low uptake of the intrauterine device across the country. The aim of this study was to explore awareness and attitudes of adolescents towards the use of intrauterine device in Makhado Local Municipality, Limpopo Province, South Africa.
Methods: A qualitative study approach was adopted in this study and an explorative qualitative descriptive design was applied. The study participants included mentally stable adolescent girls aged 12-19 years who were gathered in chill rooms of health centres to be educated by peer educators (Ground breakers) and for sporting activities in Makhado Local Municipality, South Africa. Nonprobability convenient sampling was used to recruit participants. A central question (Can you please share with me what you know about intrauterine devices) was asked by the researcher in a face-to-face individual interview to collect in-depth data. Data was analysed using six-phase guide thematic analysis. Trustworthiness was ensured by observing credibility, dependability, transferability, and conformability. Ethical principles were considered to safeguard the rights and well-being of participants. The project was approved by University of Venda Human and Clinical Trials Research Ethics Committee (FHS/23/PH/08/0408) in July 2023.
Results: The findings of this study unveiled that majority of adolescents were not aware of IUDs and as a result, IUDs were generally not used. The majority of adolescents have been found to be using short-acting contraceptives that include medroxyprogesterone and norethisterone enanthate injection and none was using IUD as a contraceptive during the time of study.
Conclusions: Unintended pregnancies among adolescents are the result of contraception failure which is related to incorrect use and poor adherence to short-acting contraceptives. Teenage pregnancy remains a major problem in South Africa. Helping adolescents to change their attitudes towards the use of intrauterine devices is important to enable them increase its uptake and hence reaping its benefits.
Theoretical prediction of the structural, electronic, thermodynamic and thermoelectric properties of Heusler alloys CrCoLaZ(Z=Ga, Si): New Candidate for Spintronics
Authors: HOCINE kamel , GUERMIT Youcef
Published: April 2024

An ab-initio calculation was performed using the linearized augmented plane wave method (FP-LAPW), within the framework of density functional theory (DFT), with the generalized gradient approximation GGA to calculate the structural, electronic, magnetic, thermodynamic and and thermoelectric properties of quaternary Heusler CrCoLaZ alloys (Z = Ga, Si) which are of technological interest in the field of spintronics research. Calculations show that CrCoLaZ (Z = Ga, Si) compounds having characteristics of ferromagnetic half-metal with a gap of 0.6 eV. Using the quasi-harmonic Debye model, the variations of lattice parameter, thermal expansion coefficient, heat capacities and Debye temperature with pressures covering the 0–20 GPa interval and temperatures ranging from 0 to 1200 K were also investigated and in-depth discussed. The results of our simulation have been interpreted and compared to the theoretical results available. Furthermore, BoltzTrap package is used to compute thermoelectric parameters sush as density of states, Seebeck coefficient S, electrical conductivity (σ/τ), electronic thermal conductivity (κ/τ) and the figure of merit (ZT). These parameters are computed at three different temperature ranges 300, 500 and 800 K to explore the potential of these compounds for high-performance technological applications.
A multi-warehouse multi-period order picking system: A benders decomposition approach
Authors: Nikkhoo Fatemeh , Kashan Ali Husseinzadeh , Nikbakhsh Ehsan , Ostadi Bakhtiar
Published: April 2024

In warehouse management order picking is one of the key operations that incur high costs as well as one of the most complex tasks. It comprises the construction of order batches, batch assignment, picker routes, and scheduling of pickers. Therefore, the development of an efficient order picking system and the optimization of these operations have significant effects on the overall efficiency of the warehouse. This paper focuses on studying and modeling the order batching, batch assignment, and picker routing problems in a multi-warehouse, multi-period, multi-picker order picking system. We propose a multi-objective mathematical model for minimizing the delivery times of batches and the total cost of order picking operations. Also, for the first time, a possibilistic approach is applied to overcome uncertain conditions in the order picking problem. Given the complexity of the problem, Benders' decomposition is implemented to solve the proposed model. The applicability of the proposed method is evaluated through a range of small to large test problems and an actual case study. The results indicate that the proposed exact method is capable of finding high-quality solutions within a reasonable computational time and number of iterations, which serves as evidence of its suitability for large-scale, complex real-world industrial contexts.
Adipose stromal cells increase insulin sensitivity and decrease liver gluconeogenesis in a mouse model of type 1 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Lai Hsiao-Chi , Lee Yen-Ju , Chen Pei-Hsuan , Tang Chia-Hua , Chen Lee-Wei
Published: April 2024

Background: Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is a serious complication of hyperglycemic emergency caused by insulin deficiency through accelerated liver gluconeogenesis and glycogenolysis. DKA is most common in type 1 diabetes (T1D). Transplantation of islet cells and pancreas is an alternative to insulin injection for treating T1D. However, this alternative is only suitable for some patients. This study investigated the effects and mechanisms of adipose stromal vascular fraction (SVF) cells on liver gluconeogenesis and insulin sensitivity in an insulin-dependent T1D animal model.
Methods: SVF cells were obtained from wild-type inguinal adipose tissue and transplanted into the peritoneal cavity of type I diabetic Akita (Ins2Akita) mice.
Results: We found that transplantation of 5 × 106 SVF cells from wild-type adipose tissue significantly downregulated proinflammatory genes of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-33, iNOS, and DPP4 in the liver and upregulated anti-inflammatory factors IL-10 and FOXP3 in blood serum and liver tissue 7 days after injection. Moreover, we found that the expression levels of G6pc and Pck1 were significantly decreased in the Akita mice livers. Furthermore, the intraperitoneal insulin tolerance test assay showed that diabetic Akita mice significantly had increased insulin sensitivity, reduced fasting blood glucose, and restored glucose-responsive C-peptide expression compared with the control Akita group. This result was noted 14 days after administration of 5 × 106 or 1 × 107 SVF cells from wild-type adipose tissue into diabetic Akita mice.
Conclusions: Together, these findings suggest that adipose tissue-derived SVF cells could suppress liver inflammation, regulate liver gluconeogenesis, and improve insulin sensitivity in an animal model with T1D. Therefore, adipose SVF cells may be novel cellular therapeutic alternatives to maintain steady liver gluconeogenesis in T1D.
Characterization of ceratocystis wilt on eucalyptus and its causal in Southern Bahia, Brazil
Authors: Benso Lucas Antonio , Pieroni Lisandro de P. , Taborda Yerly D. M. , Angelis Carolina D. , Silva Luís T. P. , Rossini Bruno C. , Marino Celso L. , Furtado Edson L.
Published: April 2024

Fungi of the Ceratocystis fimbriata complex are important pathogens in woody species, being associated with symptoms of wilt, trunk lesions and death of infected plants. In eucalyptus plantations, these pathogens can reduce the productivity of affected plants, in addition to causing high mortality in the first years of planting. The objective of this work was to evaluate the symptoms and characterize isolates of Ceratocystis associated with eucalyptus plantations in southern Bahia, Brazil. In this study we observed that external symptoms manifested mainly in trees with up to 36 months of planting, however asymptomatic diseased trees were found until the end of the cycle (7 years). Symptoms of wilt, wood discoloration, formation of adventitious shoots and bark lesions, drying of branches and death have been observed in diseased trees. The discoloration of the wood began in the root system, which is probably the point of penetration of the causal agent. The isolates obtained from these trees were identified as belonging to the species Ceratocystis manginecans, presenting optimum growth temperatures ranging from 23.9 to 24.9oC. Eucalyptus clones inoculated with these pathogens showed different levels of resistance. Clones resistant to a certain isolate may be susceptible when infected by another. This variation in aggressiveness among Ceratocystis isolates makes the selection of resistant clones difficult. The present work improves the understanding of ceratocystis wilt in eucalyptus and its causal agent.
Families’ Experiences of Surrogate Decision-Making and Challenges of Shared Decision- Making: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Yamamoto Kanako
Published: April 2024

Background
Family members who make surrogate decisions tend to be emotionally burdened and may have difficulty making decisions that fit the patient’s wishes. The specific kinds of support a family needs to receive from medical practitioners to make surrogate decisions are unclear. This study aimed to identify the information and support needs of families with experience in surrogate decision-making.
Methods
This cross-sectional study used questionnaires. Family members with experience making surrogate decisions for treatments that affected the patient's life and prognosis were included. Participants were recruited using an online panel through a private research company in Japan. For the survey items, participants were asked to specify one case in which they made a surrogate decision and describe the resources they used to support their decision-making. In addition, participants were assessed on a 10-point scale to determine their sense of satisfaction with the decision, whether the decision was in accordance with the patient’s wishes, and their level of emotional burden. Knowledge and understanding of life-sustaining treatments were also investigated.
Results
Sixty participants were included. Family members were significantly more likely to perceive that they made surrogate decisions in line with the patient’s wishes than with the family’s wishes (P = 0.04). In addition, the resources used when making surrogate decisions were often discussed among family members (n = 49, 81.7%).
There was also a strong need for easy-to-understand information regarding the multiple options for patient prognosis and treatment. However, regarding knowledge of life-sustaining treatments, understanding of assisted circulation devices was low (n = 26, 43.3%). Important values when making surrogate decisions include whether the patient has recovered consciousness, their age, and survival rate.
Conclusion
Family members tended to make surrogate decisions in line with patients’ wishes. Healthcare professionals must accurately communicate information, including multiple treatment options and prognoses so that family members can determine the best treatment for patients from various perspectives. There is also a need to take an interest in the process of family discussion and provide emotional support along with decision-making, considering the emotional stress on families.
Clinical Impact of BK Viremia during Haploidentical Stem Cell Transplantation and Its Association with Hemorrhagic Cystitis
Authors: Xu Lan-Ping , Chen Yao , Zhao Xiaosu , Chen Huan , Lv Meng , Fu Haixia , Chen Yuhong , Wang Feng-Rong , Jingzhi Wang , Yan Chen-Hua , Zhang Yuan-Yuan , Mo Xiao-Dong , Zhang Xiaohui , Wang Yu , Huang XiaoJun
Published: April 2024

Few studies have explored the clinical impact of BK virus DNAemia on haploidentical stem cell transplantation (SCT). Therefore, we retrospectively analyzed the clinical impact of BK DNAemia on haploidentical SCT between 2021 and 2023. In total, 278 patients were enrolled. BKV DNA in plasma was positive in 54 (19.4%) patients, the median time to onset was 35 days (range, 12–385) after transplantation, and the median blood BK viral load was 4970 copies/ml (191-5.04E + 9). The incidence of hemorrhagic cystitis (HC), including severe cases, was significantly higher in the BK-positive group compared to the BK-negative patients (77.8% vs. 20.5%, P < 0.001; 27.8% vs. 10.3%, P < 0.001). Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis revealed that a blood BKV-DNA load > 0 copies/ml had a sensitivity of 47.13% and a specificity of 93.68% for predicting HC (P < 0.0001). A BKV-DNA load > 191 copies/ml exhibited a sensitivity of 60.53% and a specificity of 87.87% for predicting severe HC (P < 0.0001). BK viremia is prevalent among haploidentical transplant recipients. Moreover, these findings suggest that BK viremia serves as an early indicator of HC development.