bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Karabiga (Çanakkale) Beldesi Mevcut Alan Kullanımlarının Belirlenmesi
Authors: ERDURAN NEMUTLU Füsun
Published: July 2020

Son yıllarda doğal ve kültürel kaynaklar açısından zengin kırsal alanlar hızla yeni işlevler kazanmaktadır. Bu alanların korunarak kullanımının sağlanması açısından ekolojik planlama yapılması çok önemlidir. Bu bağlamda ele alınan Karabiga beldesi kırsal nitelikli kıyısal alan olup, termik santraller ile kullanımı hızla değişmektedir ve kaynak değerleri tehdit edilmektedir. Çalışma, Karabiga bölgesinin doğal ve kültürel kaynaklarının korunarak gelişiminin sağlanması amacı ile yapılmıştır. Çalışmada bu amaçla planlamaya veri olarak kullanılabilecek alan kullanımları belirlenmiştir. Çanakkale boğazında yer alan Karabiga beldesi çok eski uygarlıklara sahne olmuş bir liman yerleşimidir. Çalışma yöntemi Coğrafi Bilgi Sistemleri (CBS) ile alanın doğal çevre faktörlerinin irdelenmesidir. Bu amaçla ArcGIS 10,5 programı kullanılmıştır. Çalışmada Karabiga ve çevresinin mevcut alan kullanımları harita ile ortaya konulmuş ve CORINE arazi kullanım sınıflandırma yöntemine göre alan sınıflandırılmıştır. Çalışma sonucunda bölgenin doğal ve kültürel kaynaklarının korunabilmesi için bölge gelişimi açısından öneriler getirilmiştir. Bölgede geniş kapsamlı korumanın sağlanabilmesi açısından kırsal peyzaj koruma yaklaşımının getirilmesi önerilmiştir.
Peyzaj Alanlarındaki Sulama Projelerinin 3 Boyutlu Tasarımı: Bursa İli Maltepe Su Deposu Örneği
Authors: ALKAN Oğuzhan , DEMİREL Kürşad
Published: July 2020

Peyzaj alanlarına ilişkin yapılan tasarımlarının görsel olarak daha iyi görünebilmesi için, kâğıt üzerinde çizilen iki boyutlu projeler yerine teknolojinin gelişmesiyle birlikte bilgisayarlarda 3 boyutlu olarak daha kolay ve hızlı tasarlanabilmektedir. Projelerin üç boyutlu olarak gösterilmesi projeyi tasarlayan kişilere, uygulayıcılara ve kullanıcılara büyük kolaylıklar sağlamaktadır. Ülkemizde yapılan peyzaj alanlarındaki sulama sistemi projeleri genellikle profesyonel kişilerce tasarlanmadığından uygulama sonrası problemler ortaya çıkmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, Bursa İl’inde Maltepe Su Deposu Çevre Düzenleme Peyzaj Projesinde sulama sisteminin yeniden ele alınarak üç boyutlu olarak tasarlanması amaçlanmıştır.
Çalışma sonucunda söz konusu alanda sulama sistemi toprak, bitki örtüsü, eğim, su kaynağı vb. parametreler göz önüne alınarak yeniden tasarlanmıştır. Buna ilaveten, sulama sisteminin tüm parçaları 3DsMAX programında üç boyutlu olarak çizilmiştir. Ayrıca, suyun dağılımının da üç boyutlu olarak animasyonunun gösterimi de yapılmıştır. Yapılan bu çalışma ile yapısal ve bitkisel üç boyutlu tasarımın yanında su kaynağından bitkiye ulaşıncaya kadar sulama sisteminin tüm parçalarının üç boyutlu olarak gösterilmesi hazırlanan projelere büyük katkı sağlayacaktır.
Рівні прояву трудоголізму у вчителів
Authors: Онопченко Ірина
Published: July 2020

Стаття присвячена вивченню трудоголізму серед шкільних вчителів. Для того, щоб вчасно діагностувати трудоголізм, потрібно володіти методами і методиками, здатними задовольнити цю мету, а також мати критерії, за допомогою яких можна визначити рівні прояву трудоголізму серед педагогів. Метою цієї статті є окреслити межі рівнів прояву трудоголізму, а також зіставити ці рівні з демографічними характеристиками досліджуваних. Для задоволення поставлених завдань була використана методика «Шкала трудоголізму» в адаптації І. Онопченко. Методика «Шкала трудоголізму» пройшла психологічну валідизацію та культурну адаптацію у 2019 році на базі Східноєвропейського національного університету імені Лесі Українки із урахуванням основних психометричних вимог щодо апробації та стандартизації психологічних методик. Методика «Шкала трудоголізму» в адаптації І. Онопченко складається із 18 тверджень, на кожне із яких респондентам пропонується 6 варіантів відповідейза шкалою Лайкерта. Всього в дослідженні взяло участь 80 вчителів з потижневою зайнятістю не менше 18 годин. Щоб дослідити, наскільки трудоголізм пов'язаний з демографічними характеристиками, був використаний регресійний аналіз, в якому трудоголізм служив залежною змінною, а вік, сімейний статус і стаж служили незалежними змінними. Результати регресійного аналізу свідчать про те, що вік, сімейний статус і стаж не пов'язані з рівнем прояву трудоголізму. Ці три змінні пояснюють 5.0%, R2 = 0,051, F (3,76) = 1,35, p = 0,265. У той же час було встановлено помірний негативний кореляційний зв'язок між показниками якості життя і стажу (r = -0,314, p <0,01) і якості життя і віку (r = -0,314, p <0,01) у вчителів. Таким чином, незважаючи на те, що вік, стаж і Сімейний стан не пов'язані з проявами трудоголізму, з віком і стажем роботи якість життя вчителів погіршується. У той же час це погіршення не обумовлено безпосереднім впливом трудоголізму або посиленням ранніх дисфункціональних схем, а пов'язано з іншими факторами, які вимагають подальшого комплексного дослідження".
Психологічні чинники встановлення гармонійних сімейних взаємин у консультативному процесі
Authors: Ерліш Ернест
Published: July 2020

Мета статті – виявити основні причини розгортання конфліктних шлюбно-сімейних відносин, та основні чинники подолання консультантом шлюбно-партнерських протистоянь, і сприяння встановленню гармонійних сімейних взаємин у подружній парі.
Методи. У статті застосовано описовий і компаративний методи, а також методи дискурс-аналізу для виявлення специфіки сімейних взаємин через аналіз самозвітів деяких клієнтів психологічної консультації, що зверталися по допомогу фахівця у зв’язку із конфліктними взаєминами у родині.
Результати. Стаття присвячена аналізу чинників та передумов гармонійних взаємин у родині засобами консультативної діяльності практичного психолога. Описано природу конфліктного процесу, його базис та специфіку розгортання. Проаналізовано ключові фактори появи конфліктів та причини, що призводять до загострення конфліктної взаємодії між членами подружжя. Описано можливі шляхи подолання патологічних негативних емоційних станів при перебуванні членів подружжя у ситуаціях конфліктної взаємодії та кризових періодах. Визначено, що специфіка шлюбно-сімейних взаємин тісно пов’язана із ситуаціями неспівпадіння інтересів кожного із членів подружжя. Відповідний спектр взаємного непорозуміння та відстоювання власних інтересів провокує розгортання конфліктної взаємодії.
Наголошено, що одним із найбільш виражених та деструктивних проявів негативних аспектів конфліктної взаємодії є накопичення емоційної напруги і як наслідок – неможливість розрядити власний негативний емоційний фон. Частими є випадки невміння членів подружжя висловитися стосовно власних негативних переживань, проте не у лайливій та звинувачувальній формі, а конгруентно, стосовно лише власного ставлення до проблеми чи наявності певної емоційно незадоволеної потреби.
Висновки. У статті вирізнено основні типи сімей відповідно до типу негативного емоційно-особистісного стану протікання: кризова, проблемна, конфліктна та невротична родини. Згідно пропонованої орієнтовної типології щодо стилю конфліктності у родині, маємо класифікаційний критерій розподілу відповідно до специфічних станів переживання даного типу конфліктності. У кризовій родині переважаючим є загострений стан переживання: члени родини у постійному актуальному режимі перебувають у ситуації провокованих і невирішених конфліктів. Проблемний тип родини передбачає тривалий стан протікання, тобто динамічні у часі та не вирішувані протягом тривалого часового проміжку труднощі. Невротична родина характеризується передовсім латентним (завуальованим) станом перебігу конфліктного процесу, тобто причини конфліктів не поверхові, часто навіть неусвідомлювані. Конфліктна родина визначає в якості провідного перманентний стан невдоволення: причини конфлікти змінюються, проте ситуація конфлікту постійна. Підкреслено, що відповідний конфліктний тип особистості одного або обох із подружжя вимагає відповідного консультативного чи корекційного втручання.
Подолання кризи в особистісних відносинах: окремі практичні аспекти
Authors: Адамова Олена
Published: July 2020

В статті досліджуються теоретичні аспекти розуміння категорії «криза», «особистісна криза». Визначено, що криза є невід'ємною частиною людського буття, а досвід, отриманий при переживанні кризи, істотно впливає на становлення особистості, її життєвий шлях. Встановлено, що особливими рисами кризи є те, що вона створюється за умови, якщо життєві події створюють потенційну або актуальну загрозу задоволенню фундаментальних потреб і одночасно з цим ставлять перед індивідом таку проблему, якої він не може оминути або ж вирішити в короткий час звичним для нього способом. Це спричиняє наявність наступного ряду обставин: криза пов'язана з проблемами задоволення найбільш важливих, фундаментальних потреб людини; криза ставить перед індивідом не повсякденні, а особливо складні проблеми; ці проблеми не піддаються вирішенню звичними способами, в цьому і полягає їх особлива складність, тому вони і часто сприймаються як тупикові життєві ситуації; криза найчастіше представляє собою яскраво виражену вимогу змін.
Проаналізовано результати проведеного емпіричного дослідження з даного питання, яке базувалося на використанні таких методів психодіагностичного дослідження, як: психосемантичний аналіз, метод особистісних конструктів Дж. Келлі; феноменологічна стратегія дослідження індивідуального досвіду переживання, математико-статистичні методи обробки результатів.
В результаті проведено дослідження зроблено висновок про неможливість існування двох однакових способів переживання особистісної кризи. Поряд із загальними (універсальними) виділено психологічні механізми, що забезпечують індивідуальний (унікальний) характер переживання, до яких, зокрема, можна віднести опосередкованість суб'єктивної семантики кризових переживань полярностями смислового конструкту, що становить ядро семантичного шару суб'єктивного досвіду, динаміку ритму переживання, феноменологічну структура досвіду переживання тих чи інших станів конкретною людиною.
Human papillomavirus vaccination 2020 guideline update: American Cancer Society guideline adaptation
Authors: Saslow Debbie , Andrews Kimberly S. , Manassaram‐Baptiste Deana , Smith Robert A. , Fontham Elizabeth T. H. ,   the American Cancer Society Guideline Development Group
Published: July 2020

The American Cancer Society (ACS) presents an adaptation of the current Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices recommendations for human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination. The ACS recommends routine HPV vaccination between ages 9 and 12 years to achieve higher on‐time vaccination rates, which will lead to increased numbers of cancers prevented. Health care providers are encouraged to start offering the HPV vaccine series at age 9 or 10 years. Catch‐up HPV vaccination is recommended for all persons through age 26 years who are not adequately vaccinated. Providers should inform individuals aged 22 to 26 years who have not been previously vaccinated or who have not completed the series that vaccination at older ages is less effective in lowering cancer risk. Catch‐up HPV vaccination is not recommended for adults aged older than 26 years. The ACS does not endorse the 2019 Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices recommendation for shared clinical decision making for some adults aged 27 through 45 years who are not adequately vaccinated because of the low effectiveness and low cancer prevention potential of vaccination in this age group, the burden of decision making on patients and clinicians, and the lack of sufficient guidance on the selection of individuals who might benefit.
Drivers of Clan Conflicts: A Perspective of the Role of Al-Shabaab in Garissa County, Kenya
Authors: Rotich Stephen, K. , Warfa, O. Ahmed
Published: July 2020

The purpose of the study was to investigate the relationship between the drivers of intra-clan-based conflicts and the involvement of external actors that has remained indefinable in Garissa County. The three sub-counties: Garissa Township, Ijara and Fafi were purposively selected for the study because of prolonged and unresolved intra-clan conflicts coupled with militia group of Al-Shabaab attacks over the past years. Qualitative approach was used to seek understanding of drivers of intra-clan conflicts and involvement of violent extremism. The study involves primarily 35 Key Informants drawn from security agencies, Clan elders, Religious leaders and Civil societies across the three sub-counties. The study established that competition over natural resources: water; pasture and land are the main causes of intra-clan conflicts. The respondents attest that intra-clan conflicts have been accelerated by clan identity politics, poverty, illiteracy, unemployment and Al-Shabaab infiltration. The devolution has elevated competition for political leadership due to sharing of county resources and employment along the sub-clans. The study found some respondents attributing Kenya’s military operation in Somalia to reciprocal attacks by Al-Shabaab in the county. The research established that over the years, Somali clan conflicts and hostility have spilled over into North Eastern Kenya, creating security threat and undermining community peace and cohesion. The porous border of Kenya-Somali has made it easy for some sub-clans to communicate with their kinsmen’s counterparts and obtain guns that are readily available in Somalia. The perception of injustices and sense of marginalization amongst the Muslims have provided fertile ground for Al-Shabaab which has diverted attention of security agencies to violent extremism rather than clan conflicts. The study recommends enhancement of inclusive peace committee and collaboration of community with administration and security agencies to tie together peace. There is also a need for openness of politicians to advocate for impartiality, clan conflicts resolution and countering violent extremism through policy framework in the county assembly.
Can central venous access device care bundles and regular feedback reduce central line-associated complications in pediatric patients?
Authors: Chaiyakulsil Chanapai , Pharadornuwat Onsuthi
Published: July 2020

Background: The use of indwelling central venous access devices (CVADs) in children can result in complications such as infection, occlusion, and dislodgement.Purpose: To evaluate whether reinforcing CVAD care bundles by using a regular direct feedback system could reduce such complications in children.Methods: The intervention in this retrospective interrupted time-series study was initiated in January 2019. The study was divided into the preintervention (October–December 2018), 3-month postintervention (January–March 2019), and 6-month postintervention (April–June 2019) phases. Risk difference and Poisson regression analyses were used to illustrate the effectiveness of the intervention.Results: The hospital-wide central line-related bloodstream infection rate decreased from 10.0/1,000 catheter-days to 4.5/1,000 catheter-days at 3-month postintervention (P=0.39) and to 1.4/1,000 catheter-days at 6-month postintervention (P=0.047). The central line occlusion rate significantly decreased from 30% to 12.8% (P=0.04) and 8.3% (P=0.002) at 3 and 6 months, respectively. Approximately 7% of CVADs became dislodged during the preintervention phase versus 8.5% (P=0.364) and 3.3% (P=0.378) at 3 and 6 months, respectively.Conclusion: Reinforcing CVAD care bundles with direct feedback could significantly decrease CVAD-associated complications in terms of infection at 6-month postintervention, and occlusion at 3- and 6-month postintervention. Thus, reinforcement and regular direct feedback might improve care quality in children with CVADs.
Публічне управління у сфері використання та охорони земель в Україні: актуальні проблеми правового та інституційного забезпечення
Authors: БОНДАР ОЛЕКСАНДР
Published: July 2020

Одним із основних напрямів новітньої земельної реформи в Україні є кардинальне оновлення системи публічного управління у сфері використання та охорони земель. Однак загальна непослідовність і суперечливість перетворень у поземельній сфері суттєво гальмує вирішення цього завдання. Ця негативна тенден ція накладається на незавершеність адміністративної реформи у державі й відсутність чіткої стратегії розбудови системи центральних органів виконавчої влади зокрема та системи органів публічної адміністрації загалом.
Метою статті є аналіз актуальних проблем правового та інституційного забезпечення публічного управління у сфері використання й охорони земель в Україні, а також формулювання на цій основі пропозицій щодо їх розв’язання.
Проаналізовано кореляцію понять “державне управління” і “публічне управління” у досліджуваній площині та зроблено висновок про доцільність віддавати перевагу останньому з огляду, по-перше, на спорідненість правовідносин державного та самоврядного управління у сфері використання й охорони земель, по-друге, необхідності відмови від “державоцентристських” підходів на користь конструктивного впровадження кращих європейських практик у царині публічного адміністрування.
Визначено методологічну значущість державної земельної та екологічної політики для розбудови системи публічного управління у земельній сфері. Встановлено, що Стратегії державної екологічної політики України, як чинна, так і попередня, цілком слушно закріплюючи необхідність глибокої модернізації вказаної системи, особливо у контексті євроінтеграційних процесів, у цій площині є здебільшого декла ративними.
Увага акцентована на проблемі співвідношення та взаємодії різних рівнів правового забезпечення земельно-управлінських відносин, яка сьогодні суттєво актуалі зувалася, по-перше, незавершеністю конституційного забезпечення реформи адміністративно-територіального устрою держави та децентралізації,по-друге, необхід ністю визначення чіткої кореляції між нормами адміністративного та земель ного права в окресленій сфері.
Обстоюється висновок про необхідність вироблення консолідованими зусиллями всіх земельно-правових наукових шкіл держави максимально узгоджених підходів щодо системи функцій публічного управління у поземельній сфері з подальшим втіленням отриманих теоретичних результатів у нормотворчих пропозиціях. Це вбачається важливим і з огляду на необхідність модернізації та осучаснення традиційних функцій та появу нових. Вказується на необхідність подолання інституційної нестабільності як однієї з основних вад системи публічного управління щодо земель, зокрема й у контрольно-наглядовій сфері, оскільки перманентні та досить суперечливі реформаційні процеси у конфігурації органів виконавчої влади держави не дають змоги досягти в організаційно-правовому механізмі публічного управління земельними ресурсами інтегрованої єдності нормативної, інституційної та функціональної підсистем.
The paradox of endangered European rabbits regarded as pests on the Iberian Peninsula: trends in subspecies matter
Authors: Vaquerizas PH , Delibes-Mateos M , Piorno V , Arroyo B , Castro F , Villafuerte R
Published: July 2020

The European rabbitOryctolagus cuniculusfaces a paradoxical situation in its native range on the Iberian Peninsula. While many populations have declined sharply due to a new variant of the rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus (RHDV-b), others remain healthy. The latter populations, which flourish mostly on farmland, cause significant crop damage. We explored if this difference could be related to the existence of the 2 rabbit subspecies (O. c. algirusandO. c. cuniculus) that coexist allopatrically on the Iberian Peninsula. Potential differences in population trends between rabbit subspecies may also be relevant in assisting the conservation of endangered rabbit-dependent predators which mainly occur in the distribution area ofO. c. algirus. To test this, we assessed rabbit trends after the outbreak of RHDV-b by an online questionnaire to the senior administrative officers of all provincial official game departments throughout peninsular Spain (n = 47). A generalized negative trend was reported by officers in the distribution area ofO. c. algirus, while a more stable or even positive trend was reported in the distribution area ofO. c. cuniculus. We point to the need for establishing a long-term rabbit population monitoring programme on the Iberian Peninsula to further confirm the observed patterns, but also to contribute to evidence-based management decision-making. Our results suggest a need to apply different management systems for each rabbit subspecies.
PENINGKATAN KEMAMPUAN BERFIKIR PESERTA DIDIK KELAS XI A5 SMA NEGERI 1 PEKANBARU MELALUI PENERAPAN MODEL PROBLEM-BASED LEARNING
Authors: Holiwarni Betty , Herdini Herdini , Agustina Agustina
Published: July 2020

This research purpose is to assess and improve the thinking abilities of 11 grader of SMAN 1 Pekanbaru by using classroom-based action research. Problem-Based Learning Model has been used in thermochemistry section of Chemistry subject to improve learning ability. The thinking and learning ability data are directly collected from students’ worksheets (SWs) and observation of students’ spontaneous questions, the quality of that questions and also the quality of the answers when the teaching activities were held. The subject comprehension data are carefully taken from essay written test and SWs assessment. The results showed the improvement of students’ spontaneous questions and answers in C3 (+37,5%), C4 (+3,3%), C5 (+4,7%), C6 (+11,1%), but in C1 (-34%) and C2 (-11,1%) were found. In SWs, the improvements are showed in C3 (+21,7%), C4 (+2,9%), C5 (+7,1%), C6 (+12,8%), and degression in C1 (-44,3%) and C2 (-18,6%). In subject comprehension, for essay written test, improvements are showed in excellent (+11,4%) and very good (+14,3%) cetegories, whereas degression is showed in good (-2,9%), fine (-9,6%) and bad (-11,4%) categories. In subject comprehension, for SWs assessment, improvements are showed in excellent (+8,6%) and very good (+5,7%) categories, whereas degression in good (-11,4%), fine (-2,8%) categories. Fortunately there is no student in bad categories. The results showed that problem-based learning model can improve learning and thinking abilities of the students.
WHERE THE FORESTER MEETS THE FARMER
Authors: Soundy R.A.
Published: July 2020

THE AREA of New Zealand is 26 million hectares of which 8.3 million hectares is classed as good farming land, 500 000 ha as first-class cropping land, and 607 000 ha as productive exotic forest, about half State owned and half owned by private companies or local authorities. Recently the rate of exotic forest planting has accelerated and the area being planted has expanded to a degree that could be termed an arboreal population explosion. The forester and the farmer are now meeting face to face and in some areas the meeting has become a confrontation. This paper outlines some of the economic and sociological Problems that have arisen and the opinions expressed herein, as distinct from the facts and figures, are my own and not necessarily those of any other person or organlization.
LUCERNE IN NORTH OTAGO
Authors: Elliott M.G. , Kekse J.C.
Published: July 2020

The increased use and acceptance of lucerne by farmers on the dry North Otago Downlands is described. The typical farmer attitudes, and management barriers, which need to be overcome before further expansion of lucerne areas for grazing purposes, are discussed.
Herbage Seed: Production and Research - A review of 50 years
Authors: Ralston M.P. , Clifford P.T.P.
Published: July 2020

By 1938 a small herbage seed industry was well established in New Zealand after the introduction of a system of seed certification and the establishment of a Government plant breeding station. Production increased rapidly during the 194Os, to level off and fluctuate around 22,000 tonnes annually. Perennial ryegrass and white clover now dominate production. and research on these 2 species is presented to illustrate advances in research and practices of seed production. In ryegrass over the last 50 years we have gained an understanding of the physiology of flowering. and the use of herbicides, fungicides, nitrogen fertiliser, plant growth regulators, and post harvest drying systems are widespread. In white clover, growth and the detrimental influence of high soil fertility and/or soil moisture are now understood. Pollination and insect pest control, grass removal, and causes of harvesting losses have been studied and incorporated into seed production. Keywords: herbage seed, perennial ryegrass. white clover
THE EFFECTS OF TOPDRESSING DAIRY PASTURES IN THE WAIKATO WITH SODIUM CHLORIDE
Authors: O'Connor M.B. , Addison B. , Miller A.D.
Published: July 2020

Recent dairy farm survey data suggest the sodium (Na) concentration in pastuies could be too low to maintain stock health on a number of farms. Trials have been established on three major soil groups in the Waikato to study: (a) the rates of NaCl rauired to raise Na concentrations in pasture; (b) the time required to do this; (c) the duration of the response; and (d) the effect of KCi on Na uptake. Na uptake in pasture was rapid initially, reaching a peak some 6 weeks after application. Thereafter the Na concentration in pasture declined gradually but after 30 weeks was still some 2 to 3 times the initial Na concentration. Soil Na levels followed a similar trend. Conclusions to date suggest an annual topdressing of NaCl at 100 kg/ha wll provide an adequate Na concentration in the pasture for animal health and production on a range of Walkato soils. In practice salt can be applied alone or mixed with other fertilisers. Where potassium is already high some replacement of NaCl for KCI in the fertiliser mixture can be considered. Regular monitormg by pasture analysts is recommended. Although salt applications will increase the Na content in the pasture, animal responses to Na supplementation have yet to be conclusively demonstrated. Research is planned with dairy cows in the Waikato to investigate this important aspect. Keywords: Salt, sodium chloride, pasture sodium, ryegrass, white clover pastures, topdressing, dairy cows
PERFORMANCE OF WHITE CLOVER AND LOTUS CULTIVARS AND LINES ON THE EAST OTAGO PLATEAU
Authors: Keoghan J.M. , Fraser W.J. , Heenan R.P.
Published: July 2020

The performance of 55 Lotus pedunculatus Cav. and 33 Trifolium repens L lines of diverse type and origin was assessed on acid, infertile soils on the East Otago Plateau at 3 sites representing an altitudinal sequence of increasing severity of climate. Among the L pedunculatus lines, a diploid NZ selection 04701 showed the best combination of attributes with high herbage yields, moderate rhizome spread at the highest sites and considerable tolerance to out-of-season frosting. G4701, its tetraploid equivalent G4702 and a selection from within the cultivar 'Grasslands Maku' for rapid germination at low temperatures, produced the highest yields averaged over the 3 sites in the altiludinal sequence. The use of these lines is likely to enhance the role of lotus in tussock grassland pasture systems. Within white clover, a hybrid line C5413. which has been.included in the pre-release Southern white clover cultivar G26. performed well, indicating that it has wide adaptability for both fertile lowland and low-fertility hill and high country situations on the southern South Island. The Southland Selection C5844, which is derived from Southland ecotypes, had the best combination of attributes for the East Otago Plateau. This selection merits serious consideration for release as a 'Tahora-like' cultivar for moist, infertile hill and high country in the southern South Island. Keywords: Trifolium repens, Lotus pedunculatus. evaluation, herbage yield, spread, dominance, frost damage, South Island.
Pasture cultivars in ecological perspective
Authors: Campbell B.D.
Published: July 2020

An overview of the variety in New Zealand bred pasture cultivars is obtained by comparing the group against the variety that has developed in the whole spectrum of herbaceous plants during evolution. This was done by classifying each cultivar into one of seven different ecological groupings termed strategies. Each strategy grouping represents a different mature functional type; the seven groupings collectively cover the full range of mature plant types. This preliminary classification confirmed that there are different ecological strategies in our cultivar range but, as might be expected, they represent only a small part of the full range of ecological options. All cultivars are best suited to moderate grazing and high to medium fertility. The information obtained by viewing pasture cultivars in this wider context is used to predict that further breeding is needed to develop pasture cultivars for extreme situations and for use in mixtures. Stress tolerance associated with a rapid, contracted life-span appears to, be the best option for cultivars for dry or low-fertility pastures. It is also predicted that complex pasture mixtures are likely to be easier to maintain and of more value in lower fertility or moderately droughted pastures than in highly fertile pastures. Opportunities exist to develop additional cultivars suited to the different niches in these pastures. Amalgamation of knowledge from agricultural and non-agricultural research can clearly help solve agricultural problems and is an efficient use of science. Means should be sought to use information from both fields to look at finer-scale questions about cultivars. Keywords plant breeding, strategy theory, low fertility, drought, pasture mixtures, plant competition, niche differentiation, species diversity, science
Long term effects of withholding phosphate application on North Island hill country: Whatawhata Research Centre
Authors: Richardson A. G.Gillingham S. , Power I.L. , Riley J.
Published: July 2020

From June 1984 to May 1988 a large-scale grazing trial at Whatawhata Research Centre evaluated the effects of a halt to previous superphosphate fertiliser application on hill country production. Over the 4-years pasture production, pasture species composition, stock grazing days or Olsen P soil fertility status were little affected as a result of halting topdressing. Pasture production declined most on 'easy' ( lo-20° slope) slopes after a halt to fertiliser application. The decline was greatest (lo- 13 %) where previous rates of fertiliser had been high. Total production on 'steep' (30~40° slope) slopes did not decline significantly. However, at soil test (Olsen P) levels of less than 10 the pasture moss and dead matter content increased, indicating a deterioration in pasture quality. Legume content did not decline. Within the range of normal topdressing rates to hill country (O-30 kg P/ha/yr) Olsen P tests did not reflect topdressing differences or any effects of a halt to fertiliser application. At higher topdressing rates (50-100 kg Plhalyr) the effect of continued or discontinued topdressing was reflected predominantly in the O-3 cm soil depth. A halt to previous topdressing significantly reduced available grazing over the final 3 years. This decline reflected the decline in measured pasture production. Keywords Phosphate, fertiliser, hill country, residual effects
INTERPRETASIANALISIS AMMI DENGAN BIPLOT (Kasus Analisis Interaksi Genotip Tanaman Padi dengan Lingkunganpada Percobaan Lokasi Ganda)
Authors: Wahyuningrum Endang
Published: July 2020

Multilocationtrials play an important role in agronomic research. Theseare often used to analyse the adaptability of genotypes indifferent environments. Multilocation trials also are usedto find out which environment is the best location to adaptfor each genotype that is the highest yielding in the environmentand to determine the pattern of response of genotypes acrossenvironments. ANOVA is used to compute genotype and environmentadditive effects. However, it cannot be used to analyse agenotype-environmental interaction. Principle component analysis(PCA) is only used to analyse non additive interaction effects.The statistical analysis recommended here combines the Anovawith PCA that is Additive Main effects and MultiplicativeInteraction (AMMI) with PCA. It begins with the usual analysisof variance to compute genotype and environment additive effects,and then applies PCA to analyse non additive interaction effects.The results of AMMI analysis is presented graphically in theform of biplots. The use of these procedure is exemplifiedusing secondary data set of the mean yield of padi from TheCenter of Indonesian Padi Research in Sukamandi.
PENGARUH STRUKTUR AKTIVA DAN PERTUMBUHAN PENJUALAN TERHADAP STRUKTUR MODAL
Authors: Ompusunggu Hermaya
Published: July 2020

The purpose of this research is to exemine the effect of asset structure and sales growth to the capital structure. The data in this research is the secondary data by using financial statement data. The population in this research were companies which are listed in the Indonesia Stock Exchange with the mining sector from 2014 to 2018. The sample collection technique has been done by  using purposive sampling and 8 (eight) companies which meet the criteria have been selected as the research samples. The measurement of capital structure has been done by Debt to Equity Ratio (DER). The analysis has been done by using multiple linear regression. The result of the research shows the partial regression analysis is asset structure significant effect on capital structure with significance 0,317 > 0,05 and sales growth significant effect on capital structure with significance 0,039 < 0,05. While the results obtained simultaneously variable asset structure and sales growth significantly influence capital structure with significance 0,039 < 0,05.
ANALISIS PENERAPAN PSAK NO. 45 TENTANG PELAPORAN KEUANGAN ENTITAS NIRLABA PADA PANTI ASUHAN AL-HUSNA BUKIT PAMULANG INDAH
Authors: Dewi Eka Kusuma , Muliyani Muliyani
Published: July 2020

This research is based on observations at the Al-Husna Orphanage at the Al-Husna Foundation in the Bukit Pamulang Indah Complex. Alpha fourteen. Pamulang Timur District. Tangerang Selatan Banten Province, foster children numbered thirty-five people with a total of twenty-six administrators. Foster children consisting of orphans do not have a father as head of the family and some are from poor families. Foster children in the range of education from elementary schools, junior high schools to high schools. The foster children are helped from school fees up to the day-to-day costs, but for their homes they are still cared for by their respective families. Every month they are gathered at the Masjid Al-Muhajirin Bukit Pamulang Indah Complex to monitor their educational development, their grades at school together with the provision of monthly compensation. For children who have achievements, the Al-Husna orphanage also gives prizes every semester with the aim of providing motivation to continue to perform and also to encourage his friends to achieve achievements as well. Once a year the foster children are also invited to travel with caregivers so they are happy and happy, such as to the top, to Bandung, and others. Meanwhile, the management consists of 26 residents from the area around the beautiful Pamulang hill complex in South Tangerang. These mothers come from different work backgrounds. There are housewives, employees, and who have their own businesses. Management is voluntary, without payment or salary. They really only aim to worship to help others. So far the Al Husna Orphanage in South Tangerang has received funds from permanent donors and donors. They have been keeping financial records simple. None of the administrators has a special ability to do bookkeeping. They simply record the income received from donors and expenses for their foster students. The purpose of this study is to look at financial reporting that has been carried out by the treasurer of the Al-Husna orphanage foundation. Furthermore, compile its financial reporting in accordance with PSAK standard no.45 regarding the financial reporting of non-profit organizations. Because the Orphanage is an organization that is not looking for profit, then PSAK 45 is in accordance with the nature of their organization. It is expected that by applying PSAK 45 for the preparation of their financial reports, financial accountability and transparency can be created so that they can be held accountable to foundations, donors and the public. This type of research uses descriptive qualitative research, with the steps of data collection, data processing or data analysis, preparation of reports and drawing conclusions.
Sources of Total-Factor Productivity and Efficiency Changes in China’s Agriculture
Authors: Liu Jianxu , Dong Changrui , Liu Shutong , Rahman Sanzidur , Sriboonchitta Songsak
Published: July 2020

The core of agricultural development depends on agricultural production efficiency improvement, and total-factor productivity growth is its significant embodiment. Hence, it is essential to address the question of “how to improve China’s agricultural productivity and efficiency in order to achieve growth and sustainability of agriculture in the future”. This paper estimates indices of China’s agricultural technical efficiency (TE) scores, total-factor productivity (TFP), and its two components, technological change/progress (TC) and technical efficiency change (EC), using provincial-level panel data of 30 provinces from 2002 to 2017 by applying a stochastic frontier approach (SFA). The paper also identifies determinants of TE, TC, and TFP using selected indicators from four hierarchical levels of the economy, i.e., farm level, production environment level, provincial level, and the state level, by applying a system-GMM method. Results reveal that agricultural labor, machinery, agricultural plastic film, and pesticides are the significant drivers of agricultural productivity, with no significant role of land area under cultivation. Constant returns to scale exist in China’s agriculture. The agricultural technical efficiency level fluctuated between 80% and 91% with a stable trend and a slight decline in later years, while TFP improved consistently over time, mainly driven by technological progress. Among the determinants, government investment in agricultural development projects significantly drives TC and TE, while the experienced labor force significantly increases TE. The disaster rate significantly reduces TE but promotes TC and TFP. The literacy rate significantly improves TC and TFP. However, government expenditures in “agriculture, forestry, and water” significantly reduce TE, TC, and TFP. Policy recommendations include (1) increased levels of mechanization and agriculture film use while avoiding an increase in pesticide use, (2) a continued increase in government expenditure in agricultural development projects, R&D to improve technological progress, and diffusion of modern agricultural technologies, and (3) investment in education targeted at the farming population in order to continue the growth in the productivity and sustainability of China’s agriculture.
Bulb Size Interacts with Lifting Term in Determining the Quality of Narcissus Poeticus L. Propagation Material
Authors: Slezák Katalin Angéla , Mazur Justyna , Jezdinský Aleš , Kapczyńska Anna
Published: July 2020

Geophytes are an increasingly widely used group of plants. Its high biodiversity, however, significantly impacts the cultivation process. Therefore, every new insight into the behavioral aspects of each single species is crucial for production. This study, for the first time, aims at contributing to a better understanding of the interplay between the bulb size potential of Narcissus poeticus and the pattern of bulb lifting time to find the optimal combination of these factors in obtaining the best quality propagation material. Twelve bulb size groups were examined. Plants were planted in the open air in two locations of Central East Europe and lifted in three terms: immediately and two and four weeks after flowering. Bulb fresh and dry weight, as well as leaf, root and total plant dry weight, increased with growing bulb size and delayed the time of lifting. The bulb weight increase indicator was twice as high for bulbs lifted in the third date compared to those lifted earlier. Its value was the highest for the smallest bulbs. Bulb shape ratio gradually decreased together with the increase of bulb weight and later lifting term. Principal components analysis allowed singling out two principal components that accounted for 86.58% of total variability.
Notes on a New Structure of Active Noise Control Systems
Authors: Figwer Jarosław , Michalczyk Małgorzata I.
Published: July 2020

The idea of active noise control is an attenuation of unwanted noise with an additionally generated acoustic wave using the phenomenon of interference. Its technical realization employs advanced control algorithms. Active noise control is an area of intense research and practical engineering applications. In the paper a new structure of adaptive active noise control systems is proposed. Compared with classical control systems used for active noise control, the proposed structure contains in an error signal measurement path an additional discrete-time filter that estimates signal values at the input of this path. These estimates are then used to tune the corresponding adaptive filter. Properties of the proposed adaptive active noise control structure are illustrated by simulation examples in which a feedforward control system equipped with this additional filter is used to attenuate unwanted wide-sense stationary random noises with continuous and mixed spectra.
Structural, Vibrational and Electrochemical Analysis and Antibacterial Potential of Isomeric Chalcones Derived from Natural Acetophenone
Authors: Silva Priscila Teixeira da , Freitas Thiago Sampaio de , Sena Diniz Maciel , Bandeira Paulo Nogueira , Julião Murilo Ségio da Silva , Marinho Emmanuel Silva , Alcanfor Ana Aline Coêlho , Marinho Emanuelle Machado , Lima-Neto Pedro de , Nogueira Carlos Emídio Sampaio , Coutinho Henrique Douglas Melo , Leal Antonio Linkoln Alves Borges , Barreto Humberto Medeiros , Martins Natália , Rodrigues Teixeira Alexandre Magno , Santos Hélcio Silva dos
Published: July 2020

Background: Chalcones are part of a family of small phenolic compounds that are being extensively studied for presenting a diversity of molecular structures and biological activities. In this paper, two chalcones, (E)-1-(2-hydroxy-3,4,6-trimethoxyphenyl)-3-(3-nitrophenyl)prop-2-en-1-one (1), (E)-1-(2-hydroxy-3,4,6-trimethoxyphenyl)-3-(4-nitrophenyl)prop-2-en-1-one (2), were synthesized by Claisen–Schmidt condensation. Methods: The molecular structures of these chalcones were determined by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance and characterized by infrared, Raman spectroscopy, and electrochemical analysis at room temperature. Vibrational wavenumbers were predicted using Functional Density Theory (DFT) calculations, and their normal modes were analyzed in terms of potential energy distribution (PED). Besides this, DFT calculations were performed to obtain the molecular orbitals and their quantum descriptors. The UV-Vis absorption spectrum of the synthesized chalcones was measured and compared with each other. In addition, analyses of antimicrobial activity and modulation of antibiotic resistance were carried out to assess the antibacterial potential of these chalcones. Results: The vibrational spectra of polycrystalline chalcones obtained by ATR-FTIR, FT-Raman and DFT calculations allowed a complete assignment of the vibrational modes, and revealed the quantum chemical parameters. Both chalcones did not show good responses when associated with the antibiotics Ciprofloxacin and Cephalexin against S. aureus 10 and E. coli 06 strains. However, a significant potentiating of the Gentamicin activity against S. aureus 10 and E. col 06 strains was observed for chalcone 2. On the other hand, when associated with Norfloxacin, an antagonistic effect was observed. The results found for EtBr suggest that, although the tested chalcones behave as efflux pump inhibitors, probably inhibiting other efflux pumps, they were not able to inhibit NorA. Thus, these synthetic chalcones are not recommended for use in association with Norfloxacin against strains of S. aureus 1199-B that overexpress the NorA gene. Conclusions: Spectroscopic data confirmed the structure of the chalcones, and chalcone 2 showed potential as an adjuvant in antibiotic therapy.
HyCAD-OCT: A Hybrid Computer-Aided Diagnosis of Retinopathy by Optical Coherence Tomography Integrating Machine Learning and Feature Maps Localization
Authors: Ibrahim Mohamed Ramzy , Fathalla Karma M. , M. Youssef Sherin
Published: July 2020

Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) imaging has major advantages in effectively identifying the presence of various ocular pathologies and detecting a wide range of macular diseases. OCT examinations can aid in the detection of many retina disorders in early stages that could not be detected in traditional retina images. In this paper, a new hybrid computer-aided OCT diagnostic system (HyCAD) is proposed for classification of Diabetic Macular Edema (DME), Choroidal Neovascularization (CNV) and drusen disorders, while separating them from Normal OCT images. The proposed HyCAD hybrid learning system integrates the segmentation of Region of Interest (RoI), based on central serious chorioretinopathy (CSC) in Spectral Domain Optical Coherence Tomography (SD-OCT) images, with deep learning architectures for effective diagnosis of retinal disorders. The proposed system assimilates a range of techniques including RoI localization and feature extraction, followed by classification and diagnosis. An efficient feature fusion phase has been introduced for combining the OCT image features, extracted by Deep Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), with the features extracted from the RoI segmentation phase. This fused feature set is used to predict multiclass OCT retina disorders. The proposed segmentation phase of retinal RoI regions adds substantial contribution as it draws attention to the most significant areas that are candidate for diagnosis. A new modified deep learning architecture (Norm-VGG16) is introduced integrating a kernel regularizer. Norm-VGG16 is trained from scratch on a large benchmark dataset and used in RoI localization and segmentation. Various experiments have been carried out to illustrate the performance of the proposed system. Large Dataset of Labeled Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) v3 benchmark is used to validate the efficiency of the model compared with others in literature. The experimental results show that the proposed model achieves relatively high-performance in terms of accuracy, sensitivity and specificity. An average accuracy, sensitivity and specificity of 98.8%, 99.4% and 98.2% is achieved, respectively. The remarkable performance achieved reflects that the fusion phase can effectively improve the identification ratio of the urgent patients’ diagnostic images and clinical data. In addition, an outstanding performance is achieved compared to others in literature.
Facility Location Selection for B-Schools in Indian Context: A Multi-Criteria Group Decision Based Analysis
Authors: Biswas Sanjib , Pamucar Dragan
Published: July 2020

Facility location is one of the critical strategic decisions for any organization. It not only carries the organization’s identity but also connects the point of origin and point of consumption. In the case of higher educational institutions, specifically B-Schools, location is one of the primary concerns for potential students and their parents while selecting an institution for pursuing higher education. There has been a plethora of research conducted to investigate the factors influencing the B-School selection decision-making. However, location as a standalone factor has not been widely studied. This paper aims to explore various location selection criteria from the viewpoint of the candidates who aspire to enroll in B-Schools. We apply an integrated group decision-making framework of pivot pairwise relative criteria importance assessment (PIPRECIA), and level-based weight assessment LBWA is used wherein a group of student counselors, admission executives, and educators from India has participated. The factors which influence the location decision are identified through qualitative opinion analysis. The results show that connectivity and commutation are the dominant issues.