bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Intracranial pressure monitoring among children with severe traumatic brain injury
Authors: Alali Aziz S. , Gomez David , Sathya Chethan , Burd Randall S. , Mainprize Todd G. , Moulton Richard , Falcone Richard A. , de Mestral Charles , Nathens Avery
Published: August 2015

OBJECT

Well-designed studies linking intracranial pressure (ICP) monitoring with improved outcomes among children with severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) are lacking. The main objective of this study was to examine the relationship between ICP monitoring in children and in-hospital mortality following severe TBI.

METHODS

An observational study was conducted using data derived from 153 adult or mixed (adult and pediatric) trauma centers participating in the American College of Surgeons (ACS) Trauma Quality Improvement Program (TQIP) and 29 pediatric trauma centers participating in the pediatric pilot TQIP between 2010 and 2012. Random-intercept multilevel modeling was used to examine the association between ICP monitoring and in-hospital mortality among children with severe TBI ≤16 years of age after adjusting for important confounders. This association was evaluated at the patient level and at the hospital level. In a sensitivity analysis, this association was reexamined in a propensity-matched cohort.

RESULTS

A total of 1705 children with severe TBI were included in the study cohort. The overall in-hospital mortality was 14.3% of patients (n = 243), whereas the mortality of the 273 patients (16%) who underwent invasive ICP monitoring was 11% (n = 30). After adjusting for patient- and hospital-level characteristics, ICP monitoring was associated with lower in-hospital mortality (adjusted OR 0.50; 95% CI 0.30–0.85; p = 0.01). It is possible that patients who were managed with ICP monitoring were selected because of an anticipated favorable or unfavorable outcome. To further address this potential selection bias, the analysis was repeated with the hospital-specific rate of ICP monitoring use as the exposure. The adjusted OR for death of children treated at high ICP–use hospitals was 0.49 compared with those treated at low ICP-use hospitals (95% CI 0.31–0.78; p = 0.003). Variations in ICP monitoring use accounted for 15.9% of the interhospital variation in mortality among children with severe TBI. Similar results were obtained after analyzing the data using propensity score-matching methods.

CONCLUSIONS

In this observational study, ICP monitoring use was associated with lower hospital mortality at both the patient and hospital levels. However, the contribution of variable ICP monitoring rates to interhospital variation in pediatric TBI mortality was modest.
Intraspinal pressure and spinal cord perfusion pressure after spinal cord injury: an observational study
Authors: Varsos Georgios V. , Werndle Melissa C. , Czosnyka Zofia H. , Smielewski Peter , Kolias Angelos G. , Phang Isaac , Saadoun Samira , Bell B. Anthony , Zoumprouli Argyro , Papadopoulos Marios C. , Czosnyka Marek
Published: August 2015

OBJECT

In contrast to intracranial pressure (ICP) in traumatic brain injury (TBI), intraspinal pressure (ISP) after traumatic spinal cord injury (TSCI) has not received the same attention in terms of waveform analysis. Based on a recently introduced technique for continuous monitoring of ISP, here the morphological characteristics of ISP are observationally described. It was hypothesized that the waveform analysis method used to assess ICP could be similarly applied to ISP.

METHODS

Data included continuous recordings of ISP and arterial blood pressure (ABP) in 18 patients with severe TSCI.

RESULTS

The morphology of the ISP pulse waveform resembled the ICP waveform shape and was composed of 3 peaks representing percussion, tidal, and dicrotic waves. Spectral analysis demonstrated the presence of slow, respiratory, and pulse waves at different frequencies. The pulse amplitude of ISP was proportional to the mean ISP, suggesting a similar exponential pressure-volume relationship as in the intracerebral space. The interaction between the slow waves of ISP and ABP is capable of characterizing the spinal autoregulatory capacity.

CONCLUSIONS

This preliminary observational study confirms morphological and spectral similarities between ISP in TSCI and ICP. Therefore, the known methods used for ICP waveform analysis could be transferred to ISP analysis and, upon verification, potentially used for monitoring TSCI patients.
A protocol for targeted enrichment of intron‐containing sequence markers for recent radiations: A phylogenomic example from Heuchera (Saxifragaceae)
Authors: Folk Ryan A. , Mandel Jennifer R. , Freudenstein John V.
Published: August 2015

Premise of the study:

Phylogenetic inference is moving to large multilocus data sets, yet there remains uncertainty in the choice of marker and sequencing method at low taxonomic levels. To address this gap, we present a method for enriching long loci spanning intron‐exon boundaries in the genus Heuchera.

Methods:

Two hundred seventy‐eight loci were designed using a splice‐site prediction method combining transcriptomic and genomic data. Biotinylated probes were designed for enrichment of these loci. Reference‐based assembly was performed using genomic references; additionally, chloroplast and mitochondrial genomes were used as references for off‐target reads. The data were aligned and subjected to coalescent and concatenated phylogenetic analyses to demonstrate support for major relationships.

Results:

Complete or nearly complete (>99%) sequences were assembled from essentially all loci from all taxa. Aligned introns showed a fourfold increase in divergence as opposed to exons. Concatenated analysis gave decisive support to all nodes, and support was also high and relationships mostly similar in the coalescent analysis. Organellar phylogenies were also well‐supported and conflicted with the nuclear signal.

Discussion:

Our approach shows promise for resolving a recent radiation. Enrichment for introns is highly successful with little or no sequencing dropout at low taxonomic levels despite higher substitution and indel frequencies, and should be exploited in studies of species complexes.
A simple method for the determination of qPlus sensor spring constants
Authors: Melcher John , Stirling Julian , Shaw Gordon A
Published: August 2015

qPlus sensors are widely used to measure forces at the atomic scale, however, confidence in these measurements is limited by inconsistent reports of the spring constant of the sensor and complications from finite tip heights. Here we combine a numerical investigation of the force reconstruction with an experimental characterization of the flexural mechanics of the qPlus sensor. Numerical studies reveal significant errors in reconstructed force for tip heights exceeding 400 μm or one sixth of the cantilever length. Experimental results with a calibrated nanoindenter reveal excellent agreement with an Euler–Bernoulli beam model for the sensor. Prior to the attachment of a tip, measured spring constants of 1902 ± 29 N/m are found to be in agreement with theoretical predictions for the geometry and material properties of the sensor once a peaked ridge in the beam cross section is included. We further develop a correction necessary to adjust the spring constant for the size and placement of the tip.
Fauna Europaea: Gastrotricha
Authors: Balsamo Maria , d`Hondt Jean-Loup , Kisielewski Jacek , Todaro M. , Tongiorgi Paolo , Guidi Loretta , Grilli Paolo , de Jong Yde
Published: August 2015

Fauna Europaea provides a public web-service with an index of scientific names (including important synonyms) of all living European land and freshwater animals, their geographical distribution at country level (up to the Urals, excluding the Caucasus region), and some additional information. The Fauna Europaea project covers about 230,000 taxonomic names, including 130,000 accepted species and 14,000 accepted subspecies, which is much more than the originally projected number of 100,000 species. This represents a huge effort by more than 400 contributing specialists throughout Europe and is a unique (standard) reference suitable for many users in science, government, industry, nature conservation and education.

Gastrotricha are a meiobenthic phylum composed of 813 species known so far (2 orders, 17 families) of free-living microinvertebrates commonly present and actively moving on and into sediments of aquatic ecosystems, 339 of which live in fresh and brackish waters. The Fauna Europaea database includes 214 species of Chaetonotida (4 families) plus a single species of Macrodasyida incertae sedis. This paper deals with the 224 European freshwater species known so far, 9 of which, all of Chaetonotida, have been described subsequently and will be included in the next database version. Basic information on their biology and ecology are summarized, and a list of selected, main references is given. As a general conclusion the gastrotrich fauna from Europe is the best known compared with that of other continents, but shows some important gaps of knowledge in Eastern and Southern regions.
Vector Analysis, Rotational Stability, and Visual Outcome After Implantation of a New Aspheric Toric IOL
Authors: Bachernegg Alexander , Rückl Theresa , Strohmaier Clemens , Jell Gerlinde , Grabner Günther , Dexl Alois K.
Published: August 2015

PURPOSE:

To evaluate vector analysis, rotational stability, and refractive and visual outcome of a new toric intraocular lens (IOL) for correction of preexisting corneal astigmatism during routine cataract surgery.

METHODS:

In this prospective, interventional case series, 30 toric, aspheric Bi-Flex T toric IOLs (Medicontur Medical Engineering Ltd., Inc., Zsámbék, Hungary) were implanted in 20 consecutive patients with topographic corneal astigmatism between 1.50 and 4.00 diopters (D) and evaluated within the first year after implantation. Appropriate IOL-toric alignment was facilitated by combined imaging/eye tracking technology. Postoperative evaluation included refraction and uncorrected and corrected distance visual acuities (UDVA, CDVA). For each visit, photodocumentation in retroillumination was performed to evaluate toric alignment and potential toric IOL rotation. Vector analysis of refractive astigmatism was performed using the Alpins method.

RESULTS:

At 12 months postoperatively, a reduction of the refractive astigmatism from 1.93 ± 0.90 D (range: 0.50 to 4.00 D) to 0.28 ± 0.61 D (range: 0.00 to 1.50 D) could be found, with patients achieving a mean UDVA of 0.06 ± 0.16 logMAR (range: −0.18 to 0.40 logMAR; Snellen 20/20). Intraoperative to 12-month postoperative comparison of IOL axis alignment showed low levels of rotation (0.2° ± 2.41°; range: +4° to −5°). Vector analysis showed target induced astigmatism of 0.60 D @180°, surgically induced astigmatism of 0.80 D @177°, correction index of 1.02 ± 0.25, and a difference vector of 0.30 D @82°.

CONCLUSIONS:

Implantation of the new Bi-Flex T IOL was a safe, stable, and effective method to correct preexisting regular corneal astigmatism during cataract surgery.

[
J Refract Surg.
2015;31(8):513–520.]
El léxico de la General estoria de Alfonso X el Sabio
Authors: Sánchez-Prieto Borja Pedro
Published: August 2015

El objetivo principal de este trabajo es ofrecer una caracterización de conjunto del léxico de la General estoria para llamar la atención sobre el inmenso caudal de la obra, apenas aprovechado, y su valor para la lexicología histórica. Destaca el importante número de palabras no documentadas en otros textos, o que aparecen solo un par de siglos después, junto a otras que no tuvieron continuidad. Damos cuenta de la diversidad de ámbitos referenciales a los que se adscriben las voces más significativas y novedosas, así como de las palabras de frecuencia más alta, y se revisa la función del arabismo y del latinismo a partir de las marcas de inserción en el contexto. Asimismo, se rastrean los factores que condicionan la incorporación de cultismos para buscar así su encaje en el relato historiográfico, frente a las motivaciones distintas, en parte, de las obras científicas.
Entendre, s’entendre en, entendedor en la lírica trovadoresca
Authors: Mussons Anna M.
Published: August 2015

Entendre mantiene en la lengua de los trovadores todos los significados de su étimo latino INTENDERE: “dirigir hacia algo”, “comprender”, “escuchar”. A partir de estos significados, sobre todo de los dos primeros, podemos explicar la evolución del término dentro de los parámetros propios de la lírica trovadoresca y su entrada en la terminología específica de la expresión poética de la fin’amor, con acepciones nuevas que se refieren a la recepción de la composición y su comprensión, al proceso de la creación literaria y a la relación que el trovador establece entre esta creación y el sentimiento amoroso. Entendre pasa a formar parte de locuciones que sirven para expresar el proceso del galanteo amoroso y el de la creación poética que lo describe y entendedor acaba designando al enamorado. Trovadores como Bernart de Ventadorn, Raimbaut d’Aurenga y Giraut de Bornelh son determinantes en este proceso evolutivo.
Traducció i reescriptura de la cansó occitana al Roman de la Rose de Jean Renart
Authors: Simó Meritxell
Published: August 2015

[ct] La penetració del lèxic de la fin’amors i de temes i motius procedents de la lírica trobadoresca en la narrativa francesa és palesa des dels orígens mateixos del gènere roman. La influència del moviment trobadoresc occità sobre la narrativa francesa medieval s’accentua al segle XIII i es concreta en alguns casos en la presència de cites líriques en textos narratius. La intenció del nostre treball és analitzar l’adaptació de l’ideari amorós trobadoresc a l’ètica matrimonialista i monàrquica que caracteritza el roman francès dels segles XII i XIII a través de l’estudi de la traducció i la resemantització del lèxic de la fin’amors a mans de Jean Renart, el primer a introduir cites líriques a la narrativa francesa.
El lèxic cortès i cavalleresc en Curial e Güelfa: mots patrimonials i interferències culturals
Authors: Soler Abel
Published: August 2015

[ct] Curial e Güelfa, d’autoria desconeguda, és una novel·la cavalleresca, realista; planejada des de la tradició medieval, però influïda per l’Humanisme italià. Està redactada en un català fluid, però sotmès a influxos lingüistics i culturals diversos. Segurament fou concebuda i escrita a Itàlia en la dècada del 1440. L’autor no sols coneix en profunditat el volgare cortès i el literari (Boccaccio, sobretot), amb el qual “enriqueix” un català après segurament a València, sinó que a més innova en el lèxic cortès i cavalleresc de la llengua pròpia amb la introducció d’expressions, proverbis i mots –col·loquials i cultes– tant italians com també francesos, occitans i castellans. Tot plegat, ajuda molt a retratar un escriptor que coneixia bé la geografia i la societat llombardes (Milà i el Monferrat), però que, pel que permet deduir –entre altres coses– el camp lèxic estudiat, podria estar vinculat a la cort napolitana d’Alfons el Magnànim.
Entre l’amor i el dret: l’ús del lèxic feudal a la lírica amorosa medieval catalana i valenciana
Authors: Coderch Marion
Published: August 2015

[ct] L’ús del lèxic del dret feudal per part dels trobadors de les corts occitanes durant els segles XII i XIII és la característica més innovadora d’aquesta manifestació artística. Aquesta convenció es manté, amb nivells d’intensitat variables, en la producció dels poetes catalans i valencians dels segles XIV i XV, que recullen i reelaboren la tradició trobadoresca. L’objectiu d’aquest article és identificar tendències en l’ús del vocabulari feudal a la lírica d’aquests poetes i interpretar-les en el context històric corresponent. La selecció de certs elements de la tradició anterior per part dels poetes dels segles XIV i XV ens informa de les estratègies que aplicaven per adaptar la seva obra als gustos del públic de l’època. D’aquesta manera, es determinen similituds i diferències concretes entre la lírica dels trobadors i la dels poetes catalans i valencians. Aquest procés és un pas necessari per definir la identitat de la poesia catalana dels segles XIV i XV, que tradicionalment ha estat descrita dins dels termes d’una comparació desavantatjosa amb altres tradicions líriques anteriors i contemporànies.
Del regiment de sanitat a la literatura. El cas d’Arnau de Vilanova
Authors: Carré Antònia
Published: August 2015

[ct] Anàlisi de l’evolució del lèxic en els dos testimonis que han conservat la traducció catalana que Berenguer Sarriera va fer del Regimen sanitatis ad regem Aragonum d’Arnau de Vilanova. La comparació del lèxic dels dos manuscrits, copiats amb un segle de diferència, demostra l’esforç d’adaptació dels copistes als usos contemporanis. L’adaptació de la scripta als usos temporals de cada copista indica la utilitat del gènere dels regimina sanitatis i l’existència d’un públic disposat a adquirir aquest tipus d’obres, sobretot si estan traduïdes a la llengua vulgar. Un altre indicador de l’èxit i la difusió d’aquest gènere mèdic és la presència de conceptes i de terminologia que li són propis en les obres literàries. S’aporten alguns exemples extrets del Llibre de meravelles de Ramon Llull, Lo Crestià de Francesc Eiximenis, el Curial e Güelfa, el Tirant lo Blanc de Joanot Martorell i l’Espill de Jaume Roig.
El individuo, 1377-1650: de las matemáticas al yo, después de Carla Mazzio
Authors: Klosowska Anna
Published: August 2015

Los estudios de Carla Mazzio sobre el uso de la terminología matemática para definir el sujeto en la época renacentista se pueden extender y aplicar a casos de la Edad Media. Aunque Peter Stallybrass (1992) afirma que el uso de la palabra individual (un término propio de las matemáticas y de la filosofía natural que significaba “indivisible”) no aparece registrado en inglés entre 1425 y 1597, hay testimonios constantes de la presencia del francés individu a partir de 1377 (cuando aparece en un comentario sobre la infinita variedad de las complexiones naturales, en la Chirurgie de Lanfranc de Milán). Además, el campo semántico de individu se mantiene invariable entre 1377 y 1650. En este artículo abordamos los sentidos de individu y la continuidad del concepto de sujeto en la época premoderna. En relación con la definición que hace Mazzio del sujeto renacentista como fragmentado y desorientado, individu combina el sentido de átomo (la más pequeña partícula o mota indivisible) con el concepto de plenitud: un individu es la entidad discreta más pequeña que existe en forma completa. Esta visión añade un paralelismo alternativo o complementario a la idea de Mazzio de la fragmentación como origen de la profundidad en el proceso de formación del sujeto renacentista, y explica por qué, como apunta Stallybrass, el individu o renacentista sugiere indivisibilidad y (…) divisibilidad (…) a la vez.
Tradiciones de origen y poéticas de destino: cuestiones de traducción y léxico en las obras de Bernat Metge y Ausiàs March
Authors: Cabré Lluís , Lloret Albert
Published: August 2015

En este artículo se estudian dos tendencias opuestas en las decisiones que toman los traductores con respecto a la selección del léxico. Así como en algunos casos el vocabulario seleccionado por parte del traductor desarrolla tradiciones literarias ya presentes en el original, en otros despliega registros poéticos propios solamente de la tradición en la que se pretende inscribir la obra traducida. Ambas estrategias se ilustran con respecto a la obra de dos autores catalanes medievales: Bernat Metge (ca. 1348-1413) y Ausiàs March (1400-1459). En el caso de Bernat Metge, particularmente en el Llibre de Fortuna i Prudència (ca. 1381), se puede observar que tanto la selección léxica como el uso de modismos responden al trasfondo de obras latinas, aunque se adapten al marco de un género literario románico con presencia del occitano. Los versos de Ausiàs March (1400-1459), imitados y traducidos por escritores del Renacimiento hispánico, permiten completar el análisis del fenómeno. La selección léxica de los traductores de March responde a sus respectivos sistemas poéticos y lingüisticos, no a los del autor, cuya obra pasa a incorporarse tanto al petrarquismo como al Clasicismo contemporáneos.
Implicaciones intelectuales y metodológicas en la selección de los autores y la terminología traductora castellana del siglo XV
Authors: Allés Torrent Susanna
Published: August 2015

Las traducciones constituyeron uno de los canales prioritarios en la recepción del humanismo italiano en la Península Ibérica. A través de esta actividad intelectual, no sólo se recuperó una parte considerable del legado clásico grecolatino, sino que propició un acercamiento a la obra y a las ideas de los autores italianos contemporáneos. Por un lado, el presente trabajo insiste en el papel central de la traducción en el marco de la transferencia cultural entre ambas penínsulas y evidencia el cambio en la selección de los autores traducidos a lo largo del siglo XV; por otro lado, se analizan las implicaciones de dichas elecciones que, además de constituir una transformación a nivel ideológico, supusieron un cambio en la concepción de la actividad de la traducción y en la adopción de una nueva terminología.
La traducción del Inferno de Pedro Fernández de Villegas: la huella de la tradición poética castellana y de los comentarios a la Commedia de Dante
Authors: Marfany Marta
Published: August 2015

A comienzos del siglo XVI, el arcediano de la catedral de Burgos Pedro Fernández de Villegas llevó a cabo, por encargo de Juana de Aragón –hija natural de Fernando el Católico–, una traducción en coplas de arte mayor del Inferno de Dante, que fue impresa en 1515 acompañada de un comentario. El artículo presenta las principales características de la traducción, que se explican a la luz de la tradición poética castellana (especialmente Juan de Mena) y de la tradición exegética medieval de la obra de Dante (Cristoforo Landino, L’Ottimo commento o Benvenuto da Imola). Secundariamente, también se ofrece una visión general sobre la figura de Juana de Aragón, comandataria y destinataria de la traducción.
Quality of Experience Factors for Mobile TV Users
Authors: Kanellopoulos Dimitris N.
Published: August 2015

This chapter helps the professionals involved in the Mobile TV industry to methodically engineer the Quality of Experience (QoE) of Mobile TV users. Its objective is to investigate the factors that influence the QoE of Mobile TV users. It also discusses the issues for strategic implications for the Mobile TV industry. We retrieved and categorized the majority of the critical works focusing on QoE for Mobile TV users. Then, we considered them and proposed a comprehensive road-map for improving the QoE of Mobile TV users. We present an approach to produce improvements to the Mobile TV customer experiences. This chapter proposes a seven-stage “road-map” to improvement, which develops the existing models. This study remains to be seen how the presented QoE factors– both amongst technologies and Mobile TV actors – will affect the potential for Mobile TV amongst various types of users. The proposed road-map can help to bridge gaps between other studies that have either focused on QoE for mobile TV or have addressed frameworks for mobile TV.
Electrochemical Corrosion Behaviour of ZrN Film in Various Corrosive Fluid
Authors: Vishnu R.  , Das Jiten , Arya S. B. , Roy Manish
Published: August 2015

Recently, ZrN has been attracting interest for its excellent corrosion resistance, biocompatibility, high hardness, good lubricity and ductility. Although tribological study of ZrN coating has been carried out extensively, investigation related to corrosion of ZrN film is limited. In view of this and in view of possible applications of ZrN film in several engineering components, the present investigation has been undertaken to evaluate the corrosion response of ZrN film in seawater solution, Hank's solution, 0.5M H2SO4solution and 0.5M HCl solutions. Towards that purpose, potentiostatic, open circuit potential and potentiodynamic study of ZrN film deposited on plain carbon steel has been carried out in all these solutions. Results indicate that stable protective film is formed on the surface of ZrN coating in all these solution except 0.5M H2SO4 solution. The formation of protective film on ZrN coating is fastest in sea water solution and it is slowest in the Cl¯ ions containing media, 0.5 M HCl. The corrosion current is highest for 0.5M H2SO4 acid solution and least for Hank's solution.
Behavior of the Lubricating Film between Sinusoidal Roughened Surfaces
Authors: Burstein Leonid
Published: August 2015

A theoretical model of roughened sliding surfaces with a sinusoidal profile is applied in the context of determining the pressure distribution, positive load support, and maximal hydrodynamic pressure in the lubricating film. Considered are surfaces with identical asperity heights and wave number characteristics. The obtained relations are verified numerically with the aid of the bvp4c solver and other functions for numeric calculations of the MATLAB® program. The influence of the wave number and asperity heights on the load support and maximal positive pressure is investigated parametrically over the wide range of gap-to-asperity-height ratios and wave number roughness characteristics. In addition, the cavitation and maximal pressures are compared. Specially developed MATLAB® programs permit to calculate pressure distribution, positive load support, and maximal hydrodynamic pressure in the lubricating film by the derived expressions.
Aspekte van versoening in die boek Genesis
Authors: Snyman Fanie
Published: August 2015

Aspects of reconciliation in the book of Genesis. This contribution investigates the notion of reconciliation in the book of Genesis. The problem addressed is how the phenomenon of reconciliation between human beings happens in spite of, or perhaps because of, alienation between people. Research on the topic highlights three episodes in the book, Abraham and Lot (Gn 13), Jacob and Esau (Gn 33), and Joseph and his brothers (Gn 37–50). This contribution adds a fourth episode of reconciliation that is between Jacob and Laban (Gn 31). In the end, a few conclusions are drawn and applied to current society.
Imagine-making disciples in youth ministry … that will make disciples
Authors: Nel Malan
Published: August 2015

Discipling youth may be one of the ‘missing links’ in developing missional thinking and missional local churches. This is even more so where churches suffer from a very obvious estrangement among generations. This article draws on the most recent literature on developing missional churches. The departure point is the argument of a the New Testament scholar, who refers to the description of Matthew 28:16–20 as the manifesto of the church – a manifesto that lies on the same level of value as the Shema of Israel: ‘Listen, o Israel, the Lord our God is the only One.‘ This manifesto wants to tell us how new and differently we have to think on how people come into the body and how people will stay in the body. Picking up on three of my theological premises this article will work with a research question: What kind of church will make disciples in youth ministry? It will also work towards theological suggestions on how to make disciples in youth ministry in such a way that young disciples will make disciples.
Benchmarking supply chain management practices in a South African confectionery manufacturing organisation
Authors: Peristeris Orestes , Kilbourn Peter J. , Walters Jacobus
Published: August 2015

Background: In an increasingly competitive business world, businesses need to be able to measure the effectiveness of their supply chain management process practices against proven best practice frameworks. A number of these frameworks exist internationally but have to be used within the context of knowing the relative strengths and weaknesses of potential benchmarking frameworks. Two such frameworks were identified in the research and a case was made to use one such framework, the Global Supply Chain Forum (GSCF) framework, to measure the effectiveness of the supply chain practices of a leading confectionery manufacturing company in South Africa.Objective of the research: The purpose of the research was to identify an international best practice framework, which could be used by South African manufacturing organisations to benchmark their supply chain management (SCM) practices.Methodology: The methodology followed was a literature review of the existing SCM frameworks to identify a framework, which would be the most suited to the objective of the study, followed by a case study of a leading manufacturing organisation’s SCM practices benchmarked against those found in the framework.Results and conclusions: The main finding of the case study was that there is a high degree of adherence between the case study organisation’s SCM practices and those found in the SCM framework. There was also generally a high level of importance ascribed by respondents to the best practices contained by the GSCF framework. It was therefore concluded that the GSCF framework proved to be a useful instrument for a comprehensive analysis of supply chain management processes and practices for a manufacturer in the fast moving consumer goods industry, with potential for applications by organisations in the supply chains of other industries.
Optimization Related to Some Nonlocal Problems of Kirchhoff Type
Authors: Emamizadeh Behrouz , Farjudian Amin , Zivari-Rezapour Mohsen
Published: August 2015

In this paper we introduce two rearrangement optimization problems, one being a maximization and the other a minimization problem, related to a nonlocal boundary value problem of Kirchhoff type. Using the theory of rearrangements as developed by G. R. Burton, we are able to show that both problems are solvable and derive the corresponding optimality conditions. These conditions in turn provide information concerning the locations of the optimal solutions.The strict convexity of the energy functional plays a crucial role in both problems. The popular case in which the rearrangement class (i.e., the admissible set) is generated by a characteristic function is also considered. We show that in this case, the maximization problem gives rise to a free boundary problem of obstacle type, which turns out to be unstable. On the other hand, the minimization problem leads to another free boundary problem of obstacle type that is stable. Some numerical results are included to conûrm the theory.
Preservação de documentos arquivísticos digitais: reflexões sobre as estratégias de emulação
Authors: Santos Henrique Machado dos , Flores Daniel
Published: August 2015

Os constantes avanços das tecnologias da informação, e a sua inserção na Arquivologia, impulsionaram a produção de documentos arquivísticos digitais, e para salvaguardar este patrimônio, tornou-se necessário implementar políticas e estratégias de preservação digital. Neste contexto, escolheu-se estudar as estratégias de emulação com a finalidade de aprofundar os conhecimentos sobre suas vantagens e desvantagens, partindo da revisão bibliográfica de materiais previamente publicados. Após uma análise qualitativa, discutem-se: dependência de hardware e software específicos, fidedignidade de conteúdo, recursos financeiros e planejamento. Os resultados apontam um cenário de incertezas devido à ausência de estudos sobre emulação na preservação em longo prazo.
Apresentação
Authors: Amaral Mello Suely , Franzoni Conde Soraya
Published: August 2015

Apresentação
O papel da brincadeira de faz de conta no processo de humanização de crianças ribeirinhas da Amazônia
Authors: Teixeira Sônia Regina dos Santos
Published: August 2015

De acordo com a teoria histórico-cultural, o ser humano se humaniza reconstituindo em si e por si as características históricas da humanidade. Esse processo ocorre nas relações sociais, via atividade humana mediada por instrumentos físicos e simbólicos. Na fase pré-escolar, a brincadeira de faz de conta é a atividade que guia esse processo. Ao brincar, a criança descobre e se apropria dos conteúdos de seu universo cultural, formando suas qualidades humanas. Nesse sentido, o objetivo do presente artigo é analisar e discutir o papel que a brincadeira de faz de conta desempenha no processo de humanização das crianças, a partir de uma pesquisa realizada com crianças de uma turma de educação infantil de uma escola ribeirinha da Amazônia. As brincadeiras foram transcritas, organizadas em episódios e analisadas de acordo com os princípios metodológicos da análise microgenética de matriz histórico-cultural. Os resultados demonstram que as crianças ribeirinhas da Ilha do Combu, por intermédio dos signi! cados compartilhados com parceiros por ocasião das brincadeiras de faz de conta, internalizam suas relações sociais, constituindo-se, por esta via, como ribeirinhos amazônidas.
A abordagem Pikler-Loczy e a perspectiva histórico-cultural: a criança pequenininha como sujeito nas relações
Authors: Mello Suely Amaral , Singulani Renata Aparecida Dezo
Published: August 2015

A compreensão de que o desenvolvimento humano procede das experiências de vida eeducação nos remete a buscar maneiras de promover esse desenvolvimento. À medida que se estuda a teoria histórico-cultural, percebe-se a complexidade desse processo que envolve a formação da personalidade humana desde os primeiros contatos da criança com o mundo que a rodeia. Ao mesmo tempo, pro$ ssionais e pesquisadores da educação infantil procuram compreender como se dá esse processo quando as crianças são ainda pequenininhas. Percebe-se na teoria histórico cultural um conjunto de diretrizes que orientam a produção de uma nova prática possível com os pequenininhos que, de um modo geral, sem que se compreenda a complexidade desse processo, são tratados como objetos do trabalho dos adultos e não como sujeitos em formação a partir das experiências que vivem.Quando se pensa nas características das práticas que podem surgir dessas diretrizes teóricas, pensa-se no trabalho desenvolvido pelo Instituto Pikler-Loczy e considera-se que as práticas aí desenvolvidas podem mediar a concretização das diretrizes da teoria histórico-cultural. É disso que trata este artigo. Com ele busca-se uma aproximação entre as práticas de educação das crianças pequenininhas criadas naquele instituto, na Hungria, a partir dos anos 1940 e a teoria desenvolvida por Vygotsky e seus colaboradores a partir dos anos 1920, na então União Soviética. A perspectiva é buscar elementos mediadores que concretizem a teoria, de modo que a apropriação dessa abordagem sócio-histórica
Vygotsky's theories of play, imagination and creativity in current practice: Gunilla Lindqvist's “creative pedagogy of play” in U. S. kindergartens and Swedish Reggio-Emilia inspired preschools
Authors: Nilsson Monica , Ferholt Beth
Published: August 2015

The ideal of modern western childhood, with its emphasis on the innocence and malleability of children, has combined with various social conditions to promote adult's direction of children's play towards adult-determined developmental goals, and adult's protection of children's play from adults.However, new forms of play, in which adults actively enter into the fantasy play of young children as a means of promoting the development and quality of life of both adults and children, have recently emerged in several countries (Sweden, Serbia (the former Yugoslavia), Finland, Japan and the United States). In this paper we discuss the theoretical support for this new form of activity:we argue thatGunilla Lindqvist's reinterpretation ofVygotsky's theory of play, with its emphasis on the creative quality of play, is unique amongst contemporary Western European and American theories of play. And we describe a series of formative interventions that are both instantiations of this new form of activity and an investigation of its theoretical support, which are being conducted in theUnited States and Sweden. Researchers at the Laboratory of Comparative Human Cognition at the University of California, SanDiego have implemented and studied Lindqvist's creative pedagogy of play in U.S. early childhood public school classrooms. Over the past year the central component of this pedagogy, playworlds, has been introduced and studied in three Swedish Reggio-Emilia inspired preschools. In conclusion, some of the findings from these research projects are presented.
Intervenção compartilhada em uma sala de aula inclusiva: uma experiência metodológica no ensino de História
Authors: Hickmann Roseli Inês , Dalla Zen Maria Isabel , Xavier Maria Luísa Merino de Freitas
Published: August 2015

O presente estudo buscou analisar uma experiência metodológica no ensino de História, a partir do processo de intervenção compartilhada numa sala de aula inclusiva, desenvolvida numa Escola Municipal de Porto Alegre, RS, organizada por Ciclos de Formação, na qual a turma do 1º ano do 3º ciclo investigada integrou o Projeto Docência Compartilhada. Tal projeto foi desenvolvido contemplando o planejamento didático-pedagógico e a docência em sala de aula de forma conjunta por duas professoras – uma professora licenciada em História e outra em Pedagogia. Entre os desdobramentos signi! cativos deste estudo, apontou-se a intervenção compartilhada como uma experiência metodológica para o ensino de História. Desta experiência decorreram: um inventário com os registros escritos pelas professoras-pesquisadoras e a leitura dos mesmos pelas professoras-regentes; as reuniões de discussão dos escritos e dos encaminhamentos. Percebeu-se que a partir da intervenção compartilhada, como uma experiência metodológica no ensino de História, os alunos com necessidades educativas especiais apresentaram um tempo e um modo peculiar de se apropriarem dos conhecimentos, assim como os demais alunos sentiram-se interpelados por esse modo singular de aprender. Também se constatou que as professoras-regentes transmutaram-se em protagonistas de práticas pedagógicas ressignificadas, enquanto as professoras-pesquisadoras tornaram-se aprendizes de uma postura investigativa denominada, nesse contexto, de intervenção compartilhada.
Interactions among drainage flows, gravity waves and turbulence: a BLLAST case study
Authors: Román-Cascón C. , Yagüe C. , Mahrt L. , Sastre M. , Steeneveld G.-J. , Pardyjak E. , van de Boer A. , Hartogensis O.
Published: August 2015

Abstract. The interactions among several stable-boundary-layer (SBL) processes occurring just after the evening transition of 2 July 2011 have been analysed using data from instruments deployed over the area of Lannemezan (France) during the Boundary Layer Late Afternoon and Sunset Turbulence (BLLAST) field campaign. The near-calm situation of the afternoon was followed by the formation of local shallow drainage flows (SDFs) of less than 10 m depth at different locations. The SDF stage ended with the arrival of a stronger wind over a deeper layer more associated with the mountain-plain circulation, which caused mixing and destruction of the SDFs. Several gravity-wave-related oscillations were also observed on different time series. Wavelet analyses and wave parameters were calculated from high resolution and accurate surface pressure data of an array of microbarometers. These waves propagated relatively long distances within the SBL. The effects of these phenomena on turbulent parameters (friction velocity and kinematic heat flux) have been studied through multi-resolution flux decomposition methods performed on high frequency data from sonic anemometers deployed at different heights and locations. With this method, we were able to detect the different time-scales involved in each turbulent parameter and separate them from wave contributions, which becomes very important when choosing averaging-windows for surface flux computations using eddy covariance methods. The extensive instrumentation allowed us to highlight in detail the peculiarities of the surface turbulent parameters in the SBL, where several of the noted processes were interacting and producing important variations in turbulence with height and between sites along the sloping terrain.
Secondary organic aerosol formation from photochemical aging of light-duty gasoline vehicle exhausts in a smog chamber
Authors: Liu T. , Wang X. , Deng W. , Hu Q. , Ding X. , Zhang Y. , He Q. , Zhang Z. , Lü S. , Bi X. , Chen J. , Yu J.
Published: August 2015

Abstract. In China, a rapid increase in passenger vehicles has led to the growing concern of vehicle exhaust as an important source of anthropogenic secondary organic aerosol (SOA) in megacities hard hit by haze. In this study, the SOA formation of emissions from two idling light-duty gasoline vehicles (LDGVs) (Euro 1 and Euro 4) operated in China was investigated in a 30 m3 smog chamber. Five photo-oxidation experiments were carried out at 25 °C with relative humidity at around 50 %. After aging at an OH exposure of 5 × 106 molecules cm−3 h, the formed SOA was 12–259 times as high as primary organic aerosol (POA). The SOA production factors (PF) were 0.001–0.044 g kg−1 fuel, comparable with those from the previous studies at comparable OH exposure. This quite lower OH exposure than that in typical atmospheric conditions might however lead to the underestimation of the SOA formation potential from LDGVs. Effective SOA yields in this study were well fit by a one-product gas-particle partitioning model but quite lower than those of a previous study investigating SOA formation from three idling passenger vehicles (Euro 2–4). Traditional single-ring aromatic precursors and naphthalene could explain 51–90 % of the formed SOA. Unspeciated species such as branched and cyclic alkanes might be the possible precursors for the unexplained SOA. A high-resolution time-of-flight aerosol mass spectrometer was used to characterize the chemical composition of SOA. The relationship between f43 (ratio of m/z 43, mostly C2H3O+, to the total signal in mass spectrum) and f44 (mostly CO2+) of the gasoline vehicle exhaust SOA is similar to the ambient semi-volatile oxygenated organic aerosol (SV-OOA). We plot the O : C and H : C molar ratios of SOA in a Van Krevelen diagram. The slopes of ΔH : C / ΔO : C ranged from −0.59 to −0.36, suggesting that the oxidation chemistry in these experiments was a combination of carboxylic acid and alcohol/peroxide formation.
Viscosity controls humidity dependence of N2O5 uptake to citric acid aerosol
Authors: Gržinić G. , Bartels-Rausch T. , Berkemeier T. , Türler A. , Ammann M.
Published: August 2015

Abstract. The heterogeneous loss of dinitrogen pentoxide (N2O5) to aerosol particles has a significant impact on the night time nitrogen oxide cycle and therefore the oxidative capacity in the troposphere. Using a 13N short lived radioactive tracer method we studied the uptake kinetics of N2O5 on citric acid aerosol particles as a function of relative humidity (RH). The results show that citric acid exhibits lower reactivity than similar di- and polycarboxylic acids, with uptake coefficients between ~ 3 × 10−4–~ 3 × 10−3 depending on humidity (17–70 % RH). This humidity dependence can be explained by a changing viscosity and, hence, diffusivity in the organic matrix. Since the viscosity of highly concentrated citric acid solutions is not well established, we present four different parameterizations of N2O5 diffusivity based on the available literature data or estimates for viscosity and diffusivity. Above 50 % RH, uptake is consistent with the reacto-diffusive kinetic regime whereas below 50 % RH, the uptake coefficient is higher than expected from hydrolysis of N2O5 within the bulk of the particles, and the uptake kinetics may be limited by loss on the surface only. This study demonstrates the impact of viscosity in highly oxidized and highly functionalized secondary organic aerosol material on the heterogeneous chemistry of N2O5 and may explain some of the unexpectedly low loss rates to aerosol derived from field studies.
Next-generation angular distribution models for top-of-atmosphere radiative flux calculation from CERES instruments: validation
Authors: Su W. , Corbett J. , Eitzen Z. , Liang L.
Published: August 2015

Abstract. Radiative fluxes at the top of the atmosphere (TOA) from the Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES) instrument are fundamental variables for understanding the Earth's energy balance and how it changes with time. TOA radiative fluxes are derived from the CERES radiance measurements using empirical angular distribution models (ADMs). This paper evaluates the accuracy of CERES TOA fluxes using direct integration and flux consistency tests. Direct integration tests show that the overall bias in regional monthly mean TOA shortwave (SW) flux is less than 0.2 Wm−2 and the RMSE is less than 1.1 Wm−2. The bias and RMSE are very similar between Terra and Aqua. The bias in regional monthly mean TOA LW fluxes is less than 0.5 Wm−2 and the RMSE is less than 0.8 Wm−2 for both Terra and Aqua. The accuracy of the TOA instantaneous flux is assessed by performing tests using fluxes inverted from nadir- and oblique-viewing angles using CERES along-track observations and temporally and spatially matched MODIS observations, and using fluxes inverted from multi-angle MISR observations. The averaged TOA instantaneous SW flux uncertainties from these two tests are about 2.3 % (1.9 Wm−2) over clear ocean, 1.6 % (4.5 Wm−2) over clear land, and 2.0 % (6.0 Wm−2) over clear snow/ice; and are about 3.3 % (9.0 Wm−2), 2.7 % (8.4 Wm−2), and 3.7 % (9.9 Wm−2) over ocean, land, and snow/ice under all-sky conditions. The TOA SW flux uncertainties are generally larger for thin broken clouds than for moderate and thick overcast clouds. The TOA instantaneous daytime LW flux uncertainties derived from the CERES-MODIS test are 0.5 % (1.5 Wm−2), 0.8 % (2.4 Wm−2), and 0.7 % (1.3 Wm−2) over clear ocean, land, and snow/ice; and are about 1.5 % (3.5 Wm−2), 1.0 % (2.9 Wm−2), and 1.1 % (2.1 Wm−2) over ocean, land, and snow/ice under all-sky conditions. The TOA instantaneous nighttime LW flux uncertainties are about 0.5–1 % (< 2.0 Wm−2) for all surface types. Flux uncertainties caused by errors in scene identification are also assessed by using the collocated CALIPSO, CloudSat, CERES and MODIS data product. Errors in scene identification tend to underestimate TOA SW flux by about 0.6 Wm−2 and overestimate TOA daytime (nighttime) LW flux by 0.4 (0.2) Wm−2 when all CERES viewing angles are considered.