bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A method of detecting apple leaf diseases based on improved convolutional neural network
Authors: Di Jie , Li Qing
Published: February 2022

Apple tree diseases have perplexed orchard farmers for several years. At present, numerous studies have investigated deep learning for fruit and vegetable crop disease detection. Because of the complexity and variety of apple leaf veins and the difficulty in judging similar diseases, a new target detection model of apple leaf diseases DF-Tiny-YOLO, based on deep learning, is proposed to realize faster and more effective automatic detection of apple leaf diseases. Four common apple leaf diseases, including 1,404 images, were selected for data modeling and method evaluation, and made three main improvements. Feature reuse was combined with the DenseNet densely connected network and further realized to reduce the disappearance of the deep gradient, thus strengthening feature propagation and improving detection accuracy. We introduced Resize and Re-organization (Reorg) and conducted convolution kernel compression to reduce the calculation parameters of the model, improve the operating detection speed, and allow feature stacking to achieve feature fusion. The network terminal uses convolution kernels of 1 × 1, 1 × 1, and 3 × 3, in turn, to realize the dimensionality reduction of features and increase network depth without increasing computational complexity, thus further improving the detection accuracy. The results showed that the mean average precision (mAP) and average intersection over union (IoU) of the DF-Tiny-YOLO model were 99.99% and 90.88%, respectively, and the detection speed reached 280 FPS. Compared with the Tiny-YOLO and YOLOv2 network models, the new method proposed in this paper significantly improves the detection performance. It can also detect apple leaf diseases quickly and effectively.
AQM based on the queue length: A real-network study
Authors: Barczyk Marek , Chydzinski Andrzej
Published: February 2022

Active Queue Management (AQM) is recommended by Internet Engineering Task Force to mitigate the bufferbloat phenomenon in the Internet. In this paper, we show the results of comprehensive measurements carried out in our university network, in which a device with an AQM algorithm, designed and programmed for this purpose, was running. The implemented AQM algorithm was based on the dropping function, i.e. arriving packets were dropped randomly, with the probability being a function of the queue length. Several different dropping function forms, proposed in the networking literature, were used, in addition to the classic FIFO queue (no AQM). The experiment lasted over a month, during which the state of the network was measured and recorded several thousand times. This made the results independent of the natural fluctuations of the users’ behavior and the network load. Conclusions on the general performance improvement offered by the implemented AQM, as well as the differences in the performance between particular forms of the dropping function, were reached. Some of these conclusions differ from those drawn previously from simulations. This underlines the need for carrying measurements of new AQMs in real, operating networks, with complex, natural traffic.
Amor est passio: a 15. századi német ajkú területek De amore-kéziratairól
Authors: Havas-Kovács Dominika
Published: February 2022

A De amore című szerelmi értekezés a XII. században egyértelműen francia közegben, Marie de Champagne udvarában, francia közönség számára készült, ugyanakkor latin nyelven. A szerelmi értekezés sem a XIII., sem a XIV. században nem tűnik fel német területen, ám a XV. században teret hódít magának. Az elméleti értekezés jelenléte nemcsak nyomokban igazolható, épp ellenkezőleg, az évszázad elejétől a végéig jelen van, a lovagi-didaktikus költészetben jelentős helyet foglal el. Tanulmányomban a traktátus német ajkú területeken megfigyelhető recepciótörténetét mutatom be az általam eddig feldolgozott kódexek alapján.
Egy középkori varázskönyv a reneszánsz mágia forrásvidékén
Authors: Hamvas Endre Ádám
Published: February 2022

A Picatrix címen ismert, a 13. században arabról latinra fordított varázskönyv önmagában is érdekes és különleges forrás, ugyanakkor a szöveg későbbi története is figyelemre méltó, mivel – bár egy időre eltűnik a szemünk elől – később a reneszánsz tudós mágia egyik fontos forrása. Maga a latin szöveg rendkívül sokrétegű, mivel rengeteg korábbi vallási és rituális elemet tartalmaz, illetve adalékokkal szolgál a középkori asztrál- és talizmánmágia alkalmazásához is, miközben sok asztrológiával kapcsolatos információt, továbbá alkímiai leírást is tartalmaz. A tanulmányban a szöveggel kapcsolatos alapvető kérdéseket és fogalmakat tekintem át. Példákkal világítok rá, hogy a latin fordító hogyan használta forrásait, és rámutatok, hogy a szöveg megőrizhette egyes nekromantikus rituálék elemeit, és megvizsgálom, hogy a különböző füstölőszerek és imádságok milyen szerepet játszanak a szellemek megidézésének folyamatában. Mindezek rámutatnak, hogy a Picatrix nem pusztán a tudós mágia kézikönyve, hanem egy helyenként veszélyes recepteket tartalmazó gyűjtemény, amit a reneszánsz mágusnak rendkívül óvatosan kellett felhasználnia.
Az egészségturizmus értelmezése a turizmus változó rendszerében
Authors: Ruszinkó Ádám , Donka Attila
Published: February 2022

A totális turizmus időszakában egyre szélesedik a termékpaletta, és az egyes termékeken belül egyre sokszínűbbé és specializáltabbá válnak a szolgáltatások. Olyan új vagy eddig csak részben érintett szakterületek is markánsabb szerepet kapnak, amelyeknek eredendően csekély kapcsolódásuk volt a turizmushoz. Egyúttal felértékelődött az egészség, az utazási motivációk között hangsúlyosabb szerepet kap annak megőrzése, vagy a visszaszerzésére való törekvés. Ezáltal folyamatosan nő az egészségturisztikai szolgáltatásokat igénybe vevők száma. Mindez azzal jár, hogy olyan területeken is megjelent a turizmus, amelyek kívül esnek a korábban elfogadott fogalmi rendszeren. A cikk igyekszik tisztázni a fogalomrendszer pontatlanságait, illetve korrigálni a vonatkozó definíciókat.
Water governance in two urban African contexts: agency and action through participatory video
Authors: Tremblay Crystal , Harris Leila M.
Published: February 2022

This paper describes and critically examines the process and outcomes of a community-based participatory video (PV) research project on issues related to water governance with residents of underserved and informal settlements in Khayelitsha, South Africa and Accra, Ghana. Co-produced videos were used to facilitate communication and to open a dialogue between the participating communities and their respective local governments, with the aims of improving awareness of the issues, enhancing agency and enabling participation in the political and social debates about water governance. Analysing the approach, our research draws on two key principles of participatory governance – recognition and response – to evaluate the application of PV as a potential engagement tool for participatory water governance. We critically discuss the reality and tensions of PV in shifting deep-rooted inequities of power in decision making through two case studies, both of which involved residents and representatives from local governments in the research process.
La rebeldía humanista y la educación socrática en Albert Camus
Authors: Ramírez Medina Ángel
Published: February 2022

El artículo parte del análisis camusiano del problema del mal, en diálogo con las respuestas dadas por el Gnosticismo griego y el cristianismo. En este contexto, se habla del fracaso de las teodiceas, ejemplificaciones de lo que Camus considera la «rebeldía metafísica». A continuación, se reflexiona sobre dos categorías existenciales (el tiempo y el silencio), que constituyen contraargumentos ante la condena de la naturaleza humana por parte de las versiones más ortodoxas del cristianismo y las filosofías racionalistas. Camus construye una antropodicea cuyo eje está en una rebeldía humanista y transformadora, limitada en su praxis y aspiraciones por valores morales que ella misma genera y que confieren un sentido relativo a la existencia. El artículo finaliza con una reflexión en torno a la educación como poderoso instrumento de transformación social.
Drop-cast graphene-p3ht composite for flexible electronics applied over polyethylene terephthalate obtained from one-use plastic bottles
Authors: Cruz Brandon , Can-Ortíz Alejandro , Valdez-Nava Zarel , Gómez Idalia
Published: February 2022

A graphene composite material suitable for facile drop-casting into flexible, conductive thin film electrodes from aqueous solution under ambient conditions is reported. This composite was applied to a polyethylene terephthalate substrate obtained from soda bottles. A solution of reduced graphene oxide with few layers (∼6 layers) was synthesized. The composites were prepared in two steps, first applying the reduced graphene oxide with surfactant and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-poly(styrenesulfonate) and then, solutions of poly-3-hexylthiophene with three different concentrations. Mild annealing was required only for the first step. The composite films exhibit more stability (mechanical and electrical) in bending tests when an intermediate amount of poly-3-hexylthiophene is applied. This composite is found attractive for flexible optoelectronic applications, promoting the reuse of one-use plastics.
Image-guided surgery and novel intraoperative devices for enhanced visualisation in general and paediatric surgery: a review
Authors: Privitera Laura , Paraboschi Irene , Dixit Divyansh , Arthurs Owen J , Giuliani Stefano
Published: February 2022

Fluorescence guided surgery, augmented reality, and intra-operative imaging devices are rapidly pervading the field of surgical interventions, equipping the surgeon with powerful tools capable of enhancing the surgical visualisation of anatomical normal and pathological structures. There is a wide range of possibilities in the adult population to use these novel technologies and devices in the guidance for surgical procedures and minimally invasive surgeries. Their applications and their use have also been increasingly growing in the field of paediatric surgery, where the detailed visualisation of small anatomical structures could reduce procedure time, minimising surgical complications and ultimately improve the outcome of surgery. This review aims to illustrate the mechanisms underlying these innovations and their main applications in the clinical setting.
Automatic control of computer application data processing system based on artificial intelligence
Authors: Wang Hong , Hao Lixia , Sharma Amit , Kukkar Ashima
Published: February 2022

To shorten the travel time and improve comfort, the automatic train driving system is considered to replace manual driving. In this article, an automatic control method of computer application data-processing system based on artificial intelligence is proposed. An automatic train operation (ATO) introduced the structure and function of an autopilot system (train), optimized the train running on the target curve, introduced the basic principle of fuzzy generalized predictive control (PC) algorithm, and combined with the characteristics of ATO system design the speed controller based on optimization algorithm, the target curve to make use of the designed controller to track and simulation validation. The experimental outcomes demonstrate that when the train runs to 90 s, the displacement difference reaches about 40 m, which proves that the fuzzy PC has better displacement tracking, punctual arrival, and higher stopping accuracy.
Cross-generational differences in linguistic and cognitive spatial frames of reference in Negev Arabic
Authors: Cerqueglini Letizia
Published: February 2022

This paper analyses the impact of landscape on linguistic and cognitive spatial frames of reference (FoRs) in three generations of speakers of Negev Arabic (NA): Traditional (TNA), Middle (MNA), and Young (YNA). When locating one object (the figure) with respect to a reference object (the ground), TNA strategies rely on pragmatic properties attributed to the ground (e.g. familiarity) and to axial constraints (alignment between figure, ground, and the observer’s visual field). When the ground is familiar and asymmetrical, intrinsic FoR is preferred; when it is familiar and symmetrical, a Speech Act Participant (SAP)-landmark strategy is preferred if figure, ground, and observer are aligned, otherwise absolute FoR is used; when the ground is unfamiliar, absolute FoR is preferred. Absolute FoR is not used in MNA, while in egocentric reference, a relative reflection strategy is used. MNA applies right–left distinctions using reflection and rotation strategies. YNA uses intrinsic FoR and relative reflection without predicable rules; absolute FoR and SAP-landmark FoR are absent; and the right–left axis applies to all ground objects. All generations apply geocentric FoRs in non-linguistic tasks within the Negev region, but outside this region, each used different strategies. Negev landscapes are fundamental constituents of NA FoRs across generations.
The rationale for using low-molecular weight heparin in the therapy of symptomatic COVID-19 patients
Authors: Reichman-Warmusz Edyta , Warmusz Oliwia , Wojnicz Romuald
Published: February 2022

Accumulated evidence suggest that the adverse outcome of severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is closely related to prothrombotic microvascular pathology with a high risk of venous thromboembolism. Furthermore, the first observational studies indicated that adjunct therapy with low-molecular weight heparin (LMWH) was associated with lower mortality in this cohort of patients. However, the timing of starting LMWH and the dose remain controversial in COVID-19 patients. Considering the above, the aim of this study was to reveal the rationale for using LMWH in the therapy of symptomatic COVID-19 patients based on experimental and clinical studies on LMWH in inflammatory settings with special consideration given to randomized trials.
Cardiorespiratory Fitness of Police Recruits: Normative Reference Values and Temporal Trend
Authors: Poirier Sébastien , Houle Julie , Lajoie Claude , Trudeau François
Published: February 2022

Poirier, S, Houle, J, Lajoie, C, and Trudeau, F. Cardiorespiratory fitness of police recruits: normative reference values and temporal trend. J Strength Cond Res 37(1): 207–212, 2023—Several studies have highlighted the increased risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) among police officers. Given the longitudinal association between cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) in early adulthood and later appearance of CVD, the identification of police recruits exhibiting lower CRF could allow the implementation of targeted CVD prevention strategies. Unfortunately, norm-referenced values for the CRF of Canadian police recruits are not yet available. Thus, this research aimed to provide norm-referenced values for the CRF of police recruits in the province of Quebec (Canada) and to evaluate the temporal trend in the CRF of police recruits over a 14-year period. First, a model was developed to estimate maximal oxygen consumption (V̇O2max) based on the results of the physical ability test (PAT) used for the recruitment of police officers in Quebec. Based on the previously developed model, the CRF of police recruits who completed the PAT from 2004 to 2017 was retrospectively assessed using administrative records. The analysis of 7,234 PAT results including 2,150 females (29.7%) and 5,084 males (70.3%) suggests that police recruits generally present high levels of CRF with an average estimated V̇O2max of 53.3 ml·min−1·kg−1 for males and 43.8 ml·min−1·kg−1 for females. Furthermore, our analyses showed significant but small positive correlations between estimated V̇O2max and time periods of PAT performance for male (r

s
= 0.105, p < 0.001) and female recruits (r

s
= 0.125, p < 0.001). Overall, our results suggest that the CRF of police recruits in Quebec is considerably higher than that of their North American peers.
Quantifying Asymmetry and Performance of Lower Limb Mechanical Muscle Function in Varsity Athletes—Using Non–Countermovement Jumps
Authors: Stadnyk Meredith , Sepehri Mohammadali , Cook Michael , Adeeb Samer , Westover Lindsey
Published: February 2022

Stadnyk, M, Sepehri, M, Cook, M, Adeeb, S, and Westover, L. Quantifying asymmetry and performance of lower limb mechanical muscle function in varsity athletes—using non–countermovement jumps. J Strength Cond Res 37(1): 98–106, 2023—The ability to automatically quantify jump performance and lower limb muscle function in athletes would be beneficial for both training and rehabilitation purposes. Countermovement jumps (CMJs) and non-CMJs (NCMJs) are simple, quick, and require relatively inexpensive equipment to effectively and reliably monitor lower limb function. In a previous study, CMJ characteristics were assessed across different varsity sports. This study is a follow-up study to incorporate NCMJs into assessing jump characteristics of the same sports and investigate the additional information provided by the complementary jump type. The main objective of this study was to look at a means of quantifying the lower limb mechanical muscle function automatically to provide information for rehabilitation and performance purposes in athletes of specific sports. Male and female varsity athletes from 4 different sports completed 5 trials of an NCMJ on dual force plates. An analysis program was developed using Wolfram Mathematica to analyze force-time jump data. Various parameters of interest were generated, including peak force, force-time curve shape classification, jump phase lengths, phase-specific kinetic impulse, asymmetry index, takeoff velocity, jump height, phase-specific center of mass displacements, and reactive strength index modified. Results obtained indicate that similar jump characteristics to the CMJ study can be quantified, which can be used for performance enhancement or injury rehabilitation. Additional data found, such as the ability of an athlete to hold a steady squat during an NCMJ, could also be meaningful in aiding trainers to design programs tailored for athletes.
Serious Problems With Interpreting Rubber Hand “Illusion” Experiments
Authors: Roseboom Warrick , Lush Peter
Published: February 2022

The rubber hand “illusion” (RHI), in which participants report experiences of ownership over a fake hand, appears to demonstrate that subjective ownership over one’s body can be easily disrupted. It was recently shown that existing methods of controlling for suggestion effects in RHI responding are invalid. It was also shown that propensity to agree with RHI ownership statements is correlated with trait phenomenological control (response to imaginative suggestion). There is currently disagreement regarding the extent to which this relationship may cofound interpretation of RHI measures. Here we present the results of simulated experiments to demonstrate that a relationship between trait phenomenological control and RHI responding of the size reported would fundamentally change the way existing RHI results must be interpreted. Using real participant data, each simulated experiment used a sample biased in selection for trait phenomenological control. We find that using experiment samples comprised only of participants higher in trait phenomenological control almost guarantees that an experiment provides evidence consistent with RHI. By contrast, samples comprised of only participants lower in trait phenomenological control find evidence for RHI only around half the time – and of greater concern, evidence specifically for “ownership” experience just 4% of the time. These findings clearly contradict claims that the magnitude of relationship between phenomenological control and RHI responding is a minor concern, demonstrating that the presence of participants higher in trait phenomenological control in a given RHI experiment sample is critical for finding evidence consistent with RHI. Further study and theorising regarding RHI (and related effects) must take into account the role that trait phenomenological control plays in participant experience and responses during RHI experiments.
Gangs, Deportees, and Haiti’s Troubles
Authors: Kivland Chelsey L.
Published: February 2022

Thousands of Haitian asylum seekers recently subjected to forced repatriation by the United States face a difficult time reintegrating in an unstable country which some of them hardly know. Adding to the difficulties are the prevalence of street gangs in Haiti and common assumptions that deportees are linked to organized crime.
Vaccine Hesitancy: A Self-Inflicted Wound
Authors: Fernandes Francis
Published: February 2022

The incidence and prevalence of COVID-19 within Canada continues to be fought most extensively using mass vaccinations. Such vaccines, which have been Health Canada approved, have been shown to be efficacious and effective in protecting against COVID-19. Despite such evidence, 1 in 5 Canadians are reported to delay their acceptance of COVID-19 vaccines or outright refuse them, exhibiting a phenomenon known as vaccine hesitancy. Amongst the many factors that lead to vaccine hesitancy, poor health literacy is thought to be a major precipitating factor. This paper argues that the overwhelming lack of health literacy exhibited by a large percentage of Canadians has resulted in the large presence of vaccine hesitancy. Unless aggressively managed using national policy implementation, poor health literacy can facilitate a greater number of avoidable negative health outcomes.
Genetic Engineering - Programmable Humans
Authors: El Mabrouk Mahmoud , Mohamed Zahra
Published: February 2022

Within the last 50 years, the idea of genetic engineering to modify the human genome has surfaced, becoming an extremely revolutionary yet highly controversial topic. With rapid advances in genetic research, the machinery used to perform such gene-editing procedures has already been developed; genetically mutating humans is now possible. The question is no longer “Can we” but now, “Should we”. The ethical concerns surrounding this issue have been thoroughly discussed in the science community, causing widespread debate on whether research should be allowed in this field of study. Many scientists believe that research in this field should be encouraged to further study genetic diseases, different means of reproduction, and other life-altering concepts such as physiological and psychological enhancement. On the other hand, many believe such research should be completely prohibited as these practices can potentially become extremely problematic due to the predicted and unknown implications that could be faced as a result of genetic engineering. Never before have we had such power and control over our own biological makeup. Considering that human lives are at risk under these practices, germline genetic engineering should be universally prohibited as it is unethical, unsafe, and medically unnecessary.
Un enfoque digital para restaurar un diente anterior traumatizado durante la pandemia COVID-19: reporte del caso
Authors: Fernandes Lima Oliveira Luiz Gustavo , Rocha Costa Alicia , Pontes do Nascimento Marina , Da Silva Pedrosa Marlus
Published: February 2022

Los profesionales de la salud oral tienen un mayor riesgo de infección con el nuevo coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19), debido a la comunicación cercana a la cavidad oral y la exposición a saliva, sangre y otros fluidos corporales. Los enfoques digitales pueden reducir el tiempo clínico y contribuir a limitar el riesgo de infección. El objetivo del presente trabajo es presentar un enfoque digital para restaurar un diente anterior traumatizado, durante la pandemia de COVID-19. Paciente sexo feminino de 28 años, con movilidad anormal de la pieza 1.1 y antecedente de traumatismo dental en la adolescencia. Se realizó una evaluación inicial para detectar signos y síntomas de una posible infección por COVID-19. Las imágenes de la tomografía computarizada mostraron fractura coronaria y presencia de reabsorción cervical externa en el incisivo central derecho. El plan de tratamiento consistió en la rehabilitación del diente fracturado a través de una restauración retenida con un poste de fibra de vidrio, usando un abordaje digital por medio de un escáner intraoral con diseño y fabricación asistido por computadora (CAD/CAM). Los enfoques digitales en odontología podrían contribuir a reducir el riesgo de infección por COVID-19 en pacientes y dentistas durante los tratamientos restauradores.
Nutritional Deficiencies in Vegetarian, Gluten-Free, and Ketogenic Diets
Authors: Andrewski Erik , Cheng Katherine , Vanderpool Charles
Published: February 2022

Previously, medical diets, including the ketogenic and gluten-free diets, were rare outside of their target population. Subspecialists more familiar with risks and benefits often managed nutrition and any associated shortcomings. With more patients electively following a gluten-free or ketogenic diet for nonmedical needs, as well as the increasing prevalence of vegetarian diets, general pediatricians are seeing more followers of restrictive diets with general well-child care. Increasingly, general pediatricians can be the first provider to witness presenting signs or symptoms of associated nutritional deficiencies. This article reviews signs and symptoms of possible nutrient deficiencies seen with the vegetarian, ketogenic, and gluten-free diets.
Parasitismo de huevos de lepidópteros plagas (Insecta: Lepidoptera) por Trichogramma pretiosum (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) en tomate (Solanum lycopersicum)
Authors: Salas Jorge , Ferrer-Wurst Francisco
Published: February 2022

Introducción. El perforador del fruto del tomate Neoleucinodes elegantalis (Guenée) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) y los minadores de la hoja Phthorimaea operculella (Zeller) y Tuta absoluta Meyrick (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae), afectan la producción de tomate en diferentes áreas en Venezuela. El parasitismo de sus huevos por Trichogramma pretiosum Riley (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) es una valiosa alternativa de control de bajo costo y sustentable que combinado con otras formas de control sería un excelente componente del Manejo Integrado de Plagas. Objetivo. Evaluar el parasitismo ejercido por T. pretiosum sobre las poblaciones de plagas lepidópteras en tomate. Materiales y métodos. La evaluación se realizó en todas las siembras entre junio y agosto de 2017, desde la tercera semana después del trasplante hasta dos semanas después de la última floración, en las localidades El Pueblito, Los Ejidos del Hato y El Vigiadero, municipio Jiménez, estado Lara, Venezuela. Se liberaron los adultos del parasitoide y posteriormente, se recolectaron los foliolos para evaluar el parasitismo de los huevos de las especies minadoras. Al iniciarse la fructificación, se colectaron frutos pequeños y medianos incluyendo el cáliz y fueron cortados cuidadosamente del pedúnculo floral. En ambos casos se realizó el conteo de los huevos. Resultados. En todas las evaluaciones, se registró un parasitismo que varió en 43 y 53 % para N. elegantalis y entre 16 y 48 % para las especies minadoras de las hojas. En el laboratorio, el parasitismo para P. operculella y T. absoluta varió entre 88 y 84 % cuando los huevos estuvieron separados, al estar juntos se observó un mayor parasitismo de huevos de P. operculella (76 %) versus T. absoluta (44 %). Conclusiones. T. pretiosum ejerció un parasitismo significativo sobre los huevos de las tres especies lepidópteras estudiadas en siembras de tomate en Venezuela.
 
Palabras claves: Neoleucinodes, Phthorimaea, Tuta, manejo integrado de plagas, hortalizas.
AGRICULTURA ORGÁNICA Y PARTICIPACIÓN CAMPESINA EN EL CENTRO UNIVERSITARIO DE LA COSTA SUR DE LA UNIVERSIDAD DE GUADALAJARA, MÉXICO
Authors: Villalvazo López Víctor Manuel , Figueroa Bautista Pedro , Cruz Sandoval Gerardo , Sánchez Bernal Víctor Manuel , Olguín López José Luis
Published: February 2022

Este artículo analiza el rol que tienen los talleres de agricultura campesina en el diseño de estrategias para la promoción del diálogo, el empoderamiento y la educación popular campesina, en el periodo 2010-2019, en el Centro Universitario de la Costa Sur (cucsur) de la Universidad de Guadalajara. El enfoque metodológico es de tipo cualitativo, con aportes de la investigación participativa. Las técnicas utilizadas son la realización de talleres teóricosprácticos, donde los campesinos “aprenden haciendo”. Los talleres resultaron ser espacios adecuados no solo para generar tecnologías agrícolas apropiadas, sino para construir alternativas de comunicación y de educación.
Examples of potato epidermis endophytes and rhizosphere microbes that may be human pathogens contributing to potato peel colic
Authors: Witty M.
Published: February 2022

Potato tubers defend themselves against herbivores with endogenous secondary compounds such as solanine and scopolamine. They also recruit endophytes and members of the tuberosphere to repel herbivores. Many of these endophyte defence features are overcome by cooking, with some notable exceptions that have been identified by rDNA analysis of potato peel samples and may account for some previously unrecognised features of potato peel colic. This is relevant regarding the rather modern way of cooking, where the potato peel is left intact in food and consumed.
A phase-field approach for portlandite carbonation and application to self-healing cementitious materials
Authors: Yang Sha , Yang Yangyiwei , Caggiano Antonio , Ukrainczyk Neven , Koenders Eddie
Published: February 2022

A conceptual phase-field model is proposed for simulating complex microstructural evolutions during the self-healing process of cementitious materials. This model specifically considers carbonation healing mechanisms activated by means of dissolution of soluble$${\hbox {Ca(OH)}_{2}}$$Ca(OH)2mineral and precipitation of the$${\hbox {CaCO}_{3}}$$CaCO3self-healing product. The system is described by a set of conservative and non-conservative field variables based on a thermodynamic analysis of the precipitation process and realised numerically using the finite element method (FEM). As a novel concept for modeling self-healing of cementitious materials, the evolution of multiple interfaces was investigated and demonstrated on a simple experimental test case of a self-healing mechanism consisting of carbonating calcium hydroxide. Parametric studies were performed to numerically investigate the effect of chemo-physical conditions. Two representative practical examples of cementitious materials were numerically implemented. It is demonstrated that the simulated evolution of the crack morphology is in good qualitative agreement with the experimental data.
Design of a comprehensive methodology for the lean manufacturing implementation in the colombian context
Authors: Ospina Jiménez Luz Angela
Published: February 2022

Abstract:

Introduction: This article is the product of the research "design of a comprehensive methodology for the implementation of lean manufacturing in the Colombian context", carried out during the years 2019, 2020 and 2021 in Bogotá, Cundinamarca.

Problem: Existing Lean Manufacturing implementation methodologies do not take into account the organizational aspects of the culture of the country in which it is being developed, thus making its full implementation difficult.

Objective: Propose a comprehensive implementation methodology that allows increasing the successful application of Lean Manufacturing in the Colombian industry.

Methodology: This article presents the review and analysis of the existing implementation methodologies and the results of the analysis of problems in implementation processes in the Colombian industry, as well as the comprehensive implementation methodology designed.

Results: To achieve the successful implementation of lean manufacturing in the Colombian context, an adequate follow-up of the implementation process is required, the commitment of the company's senior managers, the definition of appropriate leaders for the implementation process and the adequate training of personnel.

Conclusion: This project seeks to propose a flexible methodology that adjusts to organizational conditions.

Originality: This research integrates key success factors associated with the Colombian context in the implementation methodology.

Limitations: The sample size of the diagnosis of the degree of implementation of Lean Manufacturing in the Colombian industry from which the key success factors to be included in the methodology are taken.
“Dialect B” on the Mississippi: An acoustic study of /aw/ raising patterns in Greater New Orleans, Louisiana
Authors: Bissell Marie , Carmichael Katie
Published: February 2022

“Dialect B,” a diphthong raising pattern conditioned by a following obstruent’s surface voicing, was first observed by Joos (1942) among Canadian schoolchildren. It has rarely been documented for /ai/ (Berkson, Davis, & Strickler, 2017) and has never been documented for /aw/ in any North American English variety. Phonetic /aw/ raising, which has raised nuclei in words like “out” but not in words like “loud” or “outer,” contrasts with more widely documented phonological /aw/ raising, which has raised nuclei in words like “out” and “outer” but not in words like “loud.” In the current study, we examined /aw/ productions from 57 white suburban speakers of Greater New Orleans English, a variety where /aw/ raising before voiceless consonants is a change in progress (Carmichael, 2020b). We classified speakers into three raising patterns: none, phonetic, and phonological. All three raising patterns were present in our data set. This study thus constitutes the first acoustic documentation of a phonetic /aw/ raising pattern produced by a North American English speaker. Additionally, we probe the acoustic implementations of the patterns to analyze phonetic enhancement post-phonologization. These analyses add to descriptions of Greater New Orleans English patterns and build on recent work examining incipient vowel shifts.
The Place of Women’s Filmmaking in an Interdisciplinary Architecture Course
Authors: Pinar Ekin
Published: February 2022

This paper explores the rich pedagogical potential of women’s filmmaking for interdisciplinary courses that explore the relations between cinema, architecture, and urbanism. While many courses on this subject tend to focus on white male filmmakers (e.g., Alfred Hitchcock, Jacques Tati, Stanley Kubrick, Fritz Lang), in constructing a new version of this elective, I aimed to extensively incorporate women’s filmmaking to the curriculum, especially opting for exemplary films that provide a rich basis to discuss the construction of gender and cinematic space in relation to one other. The course pays sustained, rigorous attention to women as filmmakers, textual subjects, and spectators while discussing topics including domesticity; borders and movement; screening space and spectatorship; cine-museology; national and transnational spaces; animated worldmaking; and digital realisms. Taking the classroom discussions on The Babadook (dir. Jennifer Kent, Australia, 2014) and A Girl Walks Home Alone at Night (dir. Ana Lily Amirpour, US, 2015) as its case studies, this paper considers how the use of women’s filmmaking in an interdisciplinary course allows students to explore diverse strategies of cinematic representation that deconstruct and reshape gender in connection to the cinematic fabrications of space.
Liana community attributes in one of the northernmost neotropical rainforests
Authors: Ek-Rodríguez Iván Leonardo , Coates Rosamond , Sinaca-Colín Santiago , Ibarra-Manriquez Guillermo
Published: February 2022

Background: Lianas are an important woody component of tropical rain forests. We described and compared the composition, structure, and diversity of the liana community in one of the northernmost neotropical rain forests.

Question: How much does this liana community differ in attributes with global patterns documented in other tropical and subtropical rain forests?

Study site and dates: Los Tuxtlas Tropical Biology Station, Veracruz, Mexico. 2015-2018.

Methods: We censused all lianas ≥ 1 cm in diameter in a 1-ha plot and determined dominant families and species, diametric distribution, and diversity of order q .

Results: We recorded 396 liana stems, 42 species, and 20 families. Basal area was 6619.2 cm2. Order 1 and 2 diversity was 21.9 and 13.4, respectively. Apocynaceae, Bignoniaceae, Celastraceae, and Malpighiaceae accounted for about 60 % of abundance and basal area, and 45.2 % of species richness. The 10 most abundant species included more than 60 % of stems and basal area.

Conclusions: Species richness, abundance, and basal area were low compared with other tropical and subtropical sites worldwide. It was noteworthy the coincidence of some dominant species and families across the Neotropics and the absence of Fabaceae among the most important families. Latitudinal location and some key climatic factors such annual average rainfall and dry season length may explain, in part, our findings.
Construcción del cuestionario de estrategias de afrontamiento al ciberacoso en adolescentes del departamento de Puno, 2021
Authors: Cayo Caceres Janett Rosaly , Pari Betancur Heber Mario , Aquize Anco Eddy Wildmar
Published: February 2022

Objetivo: analizar las propiedades psicométricas del cuestionario de estrategias de afrontamiento al ciberacoso. Metodología: el estudio se realizó en una muestra de 250 adolescentes entre 14 y 17 años de edad para la prueba piloto y 300 adolescentes entre 12 a 17 años de edad entre varones y mujeres, la recolección de datos se realizó de manera virtual por medio de la plataforma Google formulario. Resultado: el cuestionario de estrategias de afrontamiento al ciberacoso en su versión final, posee un índice de validez (V= .98) que se obtuvo gracias a la evaluación de seis profesionales expertos y teniendo 4 criterios de evaluación (Claridad, Contexto, Congruencia y Dominio del constructo). En cuanto a la validez de contenido, se logró a través de las pruebas de KMO y esfericidad de Bartlett cuyos valores fueron (KMO= .876; P< .05) lo que se traduciría en que instrumento es apto para el análisis factorial confirmatorio (AFC), lo cual sugiere que el instrumento debe poseer un contenido distribuido en 2 factores que explican el 41,7% de la varianza acumulada, se realizó un análisis másdetallado mediante las ecuaciones estructuras, en la cual se halló RMSEA = 0,077 mayor al ,005; CFI = 0,882 , Y UN TLI = 0,860 ambos resultados demuestran un adecuado ajuste. Respecto a la confiabilidad de instrumento a través del alfa de Cronbach este alcanzó un (.873), así mismo se analizó la fiabilidad de las dos dimensiones del cuestionario mediante el cálculo del coeficiente Omega de McDonald’s (evaluación las amenazas y evaluación de afrontamiento) obteniendo una fiabilidad de .957 y. 851 respectivamente lo que indicaría que instrumento posee una confiabilidad global adecuada. Conclusión: el instrumento evidencia una buena consistencia interna y validez de constructo.
Inclinación a la infidelidad y modos de amar en estudiantes universitarios
Authors: Condori Yanapa Carla Maité , Pari Belizario Fernando
Published: February 2022

Objetivo: determinar la relación entre la inclinación a la infidelidad y los modos de amar en estudiantesuniversitarios. Metodología: de diseño no experimental, enfoque cuantitativo, tipo correlacional,corte transversal. La población estuvo conformada por 195 estudiantes universitarios, con edadesoscilantes entre 17 a 36 años, el muestreo fue no probabilístico por conveniencia. Resultados: seencontró correlación significativa entre inclinación a la infidelidad y los estilos de amor ludus y manía(p<0.05), sin embargo, no se encontró relación significativa con los estilos de amor: Eros, storge,pragma y ágape (p>0.05). Conclusión: sí existe relación significativa entre tendencia a la infidelidady los estilos de amar, ludus y manía, ya que las conductas de estos tipos de amor tienden al amorefímero, inseguro, con poco compromiso.
Environmental conditions of orthodox churches and complexes perception
Authors: Lyzina Anna G.
Published: February 2022

On the example of rural settlements of the Penza region, the variants of the conditions for the perception of an Orthodox church and the determining landscape and urban planning factors are considered, characteristic combinations of elements are established, typical and rare situations are highlighted. The classification of the placement of temples in the structure of a rural settlement is carried out, the connection of the temple location with the settlement structure and and the conditions of perception is determined.
Role of “visual ensembles” in the formation of attractive image of the architecture object
Authors: Karakova Tatiana V. , Danilova Anastasiya V.
Published: February 2022

The article reveals the role of visual ensembles in the formation of an attractive image of an architectural object during its design and renovation. The introduction of a new definition of visual ensemble into the design practice of a designer and an architect makes it possible to determine the degree of congestion of the urban environment with visual accents. This becomes particularly relevant in connection with the spread of industrial standard buildings in our cities, forming a negative visual field. The technique of artistic perforation fills the ethical and psychological needs of a person and forms aesthetic images of the urban environment. The authors in this article have revealed an algorithm for including adaptive pauses based on the allocation of visual ensembles in the form of visual accents (planes with artistic perforation) in an extended series of buildings in various locations: square, street, main street and esplanade.
Features of calculation of heat consumption for heating energy-efficient buildings
Authors: Vytchikov Yuri S. , Vytchikov Аlexey Yr. , Saparev Mikhail E. , Chulkov Alexander A.
Published: February 2022

In connection with the implementation of the energy saving program in construction, the regulatory requirements for thermal protection of enclosing structures have significantly increased, which has led to the construction of energy efficient buildings with low energy consumption. The article presents the results of the heat engineering calculation of an 8-storey residential building under construction in the city of Samara. The outer walls of the first two floors are insulated with a facade system, the upper floors are made in the form of well masonry, as a heater for which thermal insulation is designed in the form of a cassette of three sheets of foam foam, mounted on a wooden frame. An assessment of the energy efficiency of the above-mentioned building was made and an analysis was made of the influence of the reduced resistance to heat transfer of the outer wall on the value of the specific heat consumption for heating the building, as well as increased heat loss in window slopes on the energy consumption in a residential building.
G. K. Cnesterton as the representative of English Catholic Revival and his attitude to lying
Authors:   National University of Kyiv-Mohyla Academy, Polshchak A. L.
Published: February 2022

The article is dedicated to the issue of lying revealed in works of G. K. Chesterton, first of all in his “Orthodoxy”. This thinker reveals the most serious mistakes in the manner of thinking of his contemporaries, because he sees the danger of deadlock in such scenario of scientific development as well as the threat to ruin the foundation of common sense, reason and mind. Chesterton is one of the most prominent writers of English Catholic Revival style of the first part of the XX century. The activity of representatives of this style is connected with the attempt to answer to the challenges of their time, which have the attitude to appearance and development of new tendencies in philosophy and culture. The representatives of these tendencies rejected Christian manner of viewing a person and the world, the result of which was the anxiety and confusion. These tendencies also implicated the disguised lack of congruence as well as substantial errancy; – the consequence was the ruin of inner world of a person. Chesterton’s “Orthodoxy” is closely connected with his wish to unmask the vices of his time and to communicate his own understanding of the Truth. The writer tells about his own way to find the truth in Christianity and in the same time he reveals the disguised lying. One of his approaches to prove his point of view is to analyze the facts and to do it fairly and in integral way. With this aim he uses the logic, which operates the facts and does it in proper way, considering the true and real facts. This logic has the intention to move ahead and avoid the tendencies to be reframed into the vicious circle. The other important and interesting approach of Chesterton in the course of facts interpretation is rather “illogical” and includes the faith as the ground for the very possibility of thinking, and therefore for the very existence of logic. He states that there is no sense to set a question of choice between the faith and logic, because the very logic is the question of faith – our thoughts have to be admitted as the ones which have the attitude to reality, and this is the matter of faith.
Semantics of privativity as a reflection of modern Ukrainian socio-political realia
Authors:   H. S. Skovoroda Kharkiv National Pedagogical University, Sazonova Ya. Yu.
Published: February 2022

The article aims to analyse the mechanisms of semantic shifts in nominative phrases with the attribute a privative adjective, or in their synonymous constructions, which name the realia of the modern political map of Ukraine. A method of proving the communicative influence of these nominations on delegitimizing the opponent is proposed. The object of the study is the names of the temporarily occupied territories of Luhansk and Donetsk regions of Ukraine and their representatives, elements of state formation, etc. Linguistic pragmatics with elements of logical semantics and discourse analysis became the theoretical and methodological basis of this work. In particular, the analysis bases on the theory of «double content» and the analysis of the Qualia structures of selected nominations, as well as the linguistic analysis of the discursive strategy of delegitimization of the opponent. We conclude that the use of privative adjectives and their equivalents restructures the semantic basis of the head-noun at the level of intentional meaning, namely, it does not deny the existence of these realia, but their ability to stand in line with other denotations of the nomination республіка, because the functional component undergoes constant semantic changes; the formal component is situationally restructured; the constitutive component does not change. The basic AdjprivN фейкова республіка and synonymous nominations, as well as derivative nominations of related realia, are communicatively aimed at delegitimizing the opponent and are widely used in official communication and in the media. Under the conditions of political uncertainty of the status of these formations and hybrid war, which poses a significant threat to the statehood of Ukraine, the use of AdjprivN prevents speakers from unconscious shifts of axiological accents and / or allows to recognize manipulations.