bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A survey of obstetric ultrasound uses and priorities for artificial intelligence-assisted obstetric ultrasound in low- and middle-income countries
Authors: Ginsburg Amy Sarah , Liddy Zylee , Alkan Eren , Matcheck Kayla , May Susanne
Published: January 2025

Obstetric ultrasound (OBUS) is recommended as part of antenatal care for pregnant individuals worldwide. To better understand current uses of OBUS in low- and middle-income countries and perceptions regarding potential use of artificial intelligence (AI)-assisted OBUS, we conducted an anonymous online global survey. A total of 176 respondents representing 34 countries participated, including 41% physicians, 49% nurses or midwives, and 6% ultrasound technicians. Most had received OBUS training (72%), reported expertise (60%) and confidence (77%) in OBUS use, and had access to ultrasound (85%). Assessment of gestational age, fetal viability, fetal presentation, and multiple gestation were both the most common OBUS uses and among the most highly prioritized for AI-assisted OBUS development. Most respondents noted ultrasound access was important (84%) and agreed that OBUS improves quality of care (98%) and patient outcomes (97%). Of the 34% expressing reservations associated with using AI-assisted OBUS, healthcare providers not understanding the technology (71%), misdiagnosis (62%), and cost (59%) were the most common. Better understanding the OBUS user, the pregnant individual, and the context, and taking care to ensure responsible, sustainable, and inclusive development and use of AI-assisted OBUS will be critical to successful integration and implementation and to increasing access to OBUS.
Modelling of a new form of nitrogen doped activated carbon for adsorption of various dyes and hexavalent chromium ions
Authors: El-Nemr Mohamed A. , Aigbe Uyiosa Osagie , Ukhurebor Kingsley Eghonghon , Obodo Kingsley , Awe Adetunji Ajibola , Hassaan Mohamed A. , Ragab Safaa , El Nemr Ahmed
Published: January 2025

This study reports a new form of nitrogen-doped activated carbon (AC5-600) produced from a blend of sawdust (SD) and fish waste (FW) treated with urea and ZnCl2 for the adsorption of toxic metals and dyes. The adsorbent was also explored in the treatment of acid brown 14 (AB14) and acid orange 7 (AO7) dye molecules and hexavalent chromium (Cr6+) ions. The pH controls the sorption of individual contaminants, with an observed superlative % of individual contaminants removed at pH 1.5. Removal at pH was credited to the electrostatic interaction (EI) between the anion dyes and Cr6+ species at this pH and the protonated sites accessible on the AC5-600 adsorbent surface. Based on the error values obtained from the non-linear modelling (NLM) of the kinetic and isotherm models, the Elovich (ELM-AB14 and Cr6+), pseudo-first- (PFOM-AB14) and second-order models (PSOM-AB14, AO7 and Cr6+) and the Freundlich (FRHM) model were found to ideally define the sorption of the various contaminants. The determined maximum sorption capacity (Q
m) based on the NLM was 1114, 1929 and 318 mg.g-1 for AB14 dye, AO7 dye and Cr6+ ions, respectively. Based on the computational adsorption calculations, the sorption energies for the AO7 and AB14 dyes were -4.492 and -8.090 eV and 2.563, 1.789, 1.226 and 1.928 eV for Cr2, CrO3, CrO4, and CrO4H species. AB14 and AO7 dyes and Cr6+ ions adsorption to synthesised AC5-600 was predicted employing the response surface methodology (RSM) and artificial neural network (ANN) models. The ANN model was more effective in predicting AB14 and AO7 dyes and Cr6+ ions adsorption than the RSM, and it was highly applicable in the sorption process.
First true blood pressure measurement with micropulse detection of arterial opening achieved
Authors: Murray Alan , Zheng Dingchang , Griffiths Clive J. , Liu Chengyu , Graham David J. , Neasham Jeff , Cossor Adrian J.
Published: January 2025

There is a well-accepted need for a new more accurate solution to automatic blood pressure measurement, in spite of clinical convenience continuing to encourage the adoption of oscillometric devices with their known poor accuracy throughout healthcare. Our solution avoids estimates, mathematical modelling, oscillometric algorithms, and inadequate calibration against numerous private clinical data sets. Here we show that our new technique detects, from an arm cuff, micropulses associated with arterial opening between systolic and diastolic pressures; hence detecting systole at the first micropulse and diastole at the last, during cuff deflation. Our technique has equivalent accuracy to the gold standard auscultatory method, and is significantly better than the requirements of the current international standard for blood pressure devices. Our results provide scientific evidence for the effectiveness of our technique, and demonstrate significant clinically important improvements. We anticipate that our technique can be automated easily and economically. We acknowledge that this early study is an initial manual evaluation, but expect this new technique to be an automated universal solution for true blood pressure measurement, and a vital step change in an important clinical measurement in healthcare of the worldwide population.
Detector development for spin-echo SANS techniques using ZnS:Ag/6LiF and 6Li glass scintillators
Authors: Mauri Giacomo , Sykora G. Jeff , Smith Gregory N. , Parnell Steven R. , Dalgliesh Robert M. , Honecker Dirk , Mann Sarah E. , Schooneveld Erik M. , Rhodes Nigel J.
Published: January 2025

Neutron spin-echo techniques exploit Larmor precession of the neutron spin to encode either the scattering angle or energy. These are powerful means to extend the measurable momentum transfer (Q) and energy (E) range in neutron scattering measurements. Standard small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) instruments are sensitive in a range of

$$\approx$$

≈

 10–200 nm, whereas these techniques allow the study of structures in materials on length scales of tens of nm up to tens of

$$\upmu$$

μ

m. The Larmor instrument at ISIS is equipped to operate in spin-echo modulated SANS (SEMSANS) and spin-echo SANS (SESANS) mode. Two separate detectors were developed to cope with the performance demands set by these techniques. The first is a position sensitive ZnS:Ag/6LiF scintillator-based detector coupled with wavelength shifting fibres that can be used for both SEMSANS and SESANS. A detector prototype using GS20 glass scintillator directly coupled to a multi-anode photomultiplier was developed as an alternative for SESANS measurements at higher incident neutron fluxes. The designs and results obtained with the two detectors are presented together with future improvements to both technologies. These, in addition to promising development routes, demonstrate the potential for utilising a WLSF ZnS:Ag/6LiF scintillator detector and a pixelated GS20 detector for SEMSANS and SESANS applications.
Studies on the preparation of a sufficient carrier from egg protein and carrageenan for cellulase with optimization and application
Authors: Wahba Marwa I. , Saleh Shireen A. A. , Wahab Walaa A. Abdel , Mostafa Faten A.
Published: January 2025

Egg protein (EP) concentration, pH, and glutaraldehyde (GA) concentration were optimized using Box Behnken design (BBD) to prepare GA-EP-Carr (Carrageenan) beads as a carrier for Aspergillus niger MK981235 cellulase. It was recommended that the concentrations of GA, and EP be set at 11.21% (w/v), 8% (w/w), and pH 3, respectively. It was determined that 60 °C and 2% for free form and 60 °C and 3% for im-cellulase were the optimum temperature and CMC concentration parameters for maximum enzyme activity. Free and im-cellulase were determined to have Km and Vmax of 2.22 mg.ml-1 and 1.76 µmol.ml-1.min-1, and 4.55 mg.ml-1 and 3.33 µmol.ml-1.min-1, respectively. Covalent coupling of A. niger cellulase to GA- EP- Carr beads improved its thermodynamic parameters T1/2 and D-values by 2.48, 2.01, and 2.36 times at 40, 50, and 60 °C, respectively. GA- EP- Carr im-cellulase was 100% active for 60 days at 4 °C and can be used for CMC hydrolysis for 20 successive cycles. GA- EP- Carr im-cellulase showed remarkable efficiency in the clarification of mango, peach, grape, and orange juices emphasized by TSS (total soluble solids), turbidity, and reducing sugar measurements for 3 successive cycles. GA- EP- Carr im-cellulase can be applied with high efficiency in juice industry.
Exonuclease action of replicative polymerase gamma drives damage-induced mitochondrial DNA clearance
Authors: Seshadri Akshaya , Badrinarayanan Anjana
Published: January 2025

Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) replication is essential for mitochondrial function. This is carried out by a dedicated DNA polymerase gamma, with 5’–3’ polymerase and 3’–5’ proofreading/ exonuclease activity. Perturbations to either property can have pathological consequences. Predominant sources for replication stress are DNA lesions, such as those induced by oxidative damage. How mtDNA lesions affect the polymerase activity and mtDNA stability in vivo is not fully understood. To address this, we induce mtDNA-specific damage in S. cerevisiae. We observe that mtDNA damage results in significant mtDNA loss. This loss occurs independent of cell cycle progression or cell division, suggesting an active mechanism for damaged mtDNA clearance. We implicate the 3’–5’ exonuclease activity of the mtDNA polymerase in this clearance, with rates of loss being affected by cellular dNTP levels. Overall, our findings reveal context-dependent, selective regulation of two critical but opposing functions of polymerase gamma to ensure mitochondrial genome integrity.
Key considerations for cell selection in electric vertical take off and landing vehicles: a perspective
Authors: Reid Hamish T. , Singh Gaurav , Palin Emma , Dai Yuhang , Zong Wei , Somerville Limhi , Shearing Paul R. , Robinson James B.
Published: January 2025

Electric vertical take-off and landing (eVTOL) aircraft require significantly different cell considerations compared to electric vehicles, we consider a wide range of cell selection criteria, assessing the viability of commercial cell formats and chemistries for usage in eVTOLs.
Hf0.5Zr0.5O2/HfO2/Hf0.5Zr0.5O2 laminated thin films and CF4 plasma passivation for improved memory and synaptic characteristics of ferroelectric field-effect transistors
Authors: Park Kyungsoo , Chung Chulwon , Ku Boncheol , Yun Seunghyeon , Park Junhyeok , Choi Changhwan
Published: January 2025

The simultaneous application of ferroelectric lamination and CF4 plasma treatment can enhance the memory and synaptic properties of HZO-based FeFETs, serving as a potential engineering knob for future neuromorphic applications.
Mechanistic insights into the enhanced photocatalytic efficiency of MoS2-tuned DyFeO3 heterojunction nanocomposites for pollutant degradation
Authors: Tarek Mohasin , Yasmeen Ferdous , Basith M. A.
Published: January 2025

DyFeO3–MoS2 heterojunction nanocomposites for efficient MB and LFX degradation under solar irradiation. MoS2 enhances charge separation via a built-in electric field, reducing recombination and boosting photocatalytic performance.
Binuclear Ni catalyzed ethylene copolymerization with short chain alkenol monomers
Authors: Lu Yuan , Ji Gang , Yu Shuyang , Ning Xiaoshan , Sun Xiu-Li , Gao Yanshan , Wang Xiaoyan , Tang Yong
Published: January 2025

Ethylene copolymerization with short-chain alkenols was achieved using binuclear Ni complexes, affording hydroxy-functionalized polyethylenes with activities up to 592 kg (mol cat h atm)−1.
Synergistic effects of Pd single atoms and nanoclusters boosting SnO2 gas sensing performance
Authors: Ozbakir Yaprak , Xia Yong , Pan Aifei , Hong Jiyun , Perez-Aguilar Jorge E. , Bare Simon R. , Rossi Francesca , Dhall Rohan , Alghannam Afnan Ali , Goel Nishit , Bart Stephen , Carraro Carlo , Maboudian Roya
Published: January 2025

SnO2-supported Pd single atoms coupled with small cluster structures, incorporated into sensing platforms, exhibit exceptional performance and selectivity toward CO.
The role and evolutionary pathway of spin states in CoFe Prussian blue analogues for photo-assisted water oxidation electrocatalysis
Authors: Feng Dujie , Zhou Yi , He Wanhong , Zhang Jin , Huang Guihua , Shao Yiming
Published: January 2025

In this work, the ratio of the low-spin state in CoFe Prussian blue analogues (PBAs) has been found to play an important role in the enhancement of the current density in the photo-assisted water oxidation reaction process.
Exploring chiral and achiral properties of novel multilayer 3D polymers: synthesis and characterization
Authors: Zhang Sai , Xu Qingzheng , Qin Xiuyuan , Wang Yutin , Mao Jialing , Zhang Yue , Li Guigen
Published: January 2025

This study reports the novel synthesis of multilayered 3D polymers via the 1,3,5-position coupling of 1,3,5-tris(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)benzene with 1,8-dibronaphthalene, a previously unreported method.
From pixels to prognosis: Attention‐CNN model for COVID‐19 diagnosis using chest CT images
Authors: Suseela Suba , Parekh Nita
Published: January 2025

Deep learning assisted diagnosis for assessing the severity of various respiratory infections using chest computed tomography (CT) scan images has gained much attention after the COVID‐19 pandemic. Major tasks while building such models require an understanding of the characteristic features associated with the disease, patient‐to‐patient variations and changes associated with disease severity. In this work, an attention‐based convolutional neural network (CNN) model with customized bottleneck residual module (Attn‐CNN) is proposed for classifying CT images into three classes: COVID‐19, normal, and other pneumonia. The efficacy of the model is evaluated by carrying out various experiments, such as effect of class imbalance, impact of attention module, generalizability of the model and providing visualization of model's prediction for the interpretability of results. Comparative performance evaluation with five state‐of‐the‐art deep architectures such as MobileNet, EfficientNet‐B7, Inceptionv3, ResNet‐50 and VGG‐16, and with published models such as COVIDNet‐CT, COVNet, COVID‐Net CT2, etc. is discussed.
Anatomy of a z = 6 Lyman-α emitter down to parsec scales
Authors: Messa M. , Vanzella E. , Loiacono F. , Bergamini P. , Castellano M. , Sun B. , Willott C. , Windhorst R. A. , Yan H. , Angora G. , Rosati P. , Adamo A. , Annibali F. , Bolamperti A. , Bradač M. , Bradley L. D. , Calura F. , Claeyssens A. , Comastri A. , Conselice C. J. , D’Silva J. C. J. , Dickinson M. , Frye B. L. , Grillo C. , Grogin N. A. , Gruppioni C. , Koekemoer A. M. , Meneghetti M. , Meštrić U. , Pascale R. , Ravindranath S. , Ricotti M. , Summers J. , Zanella A.
Published: January 2025

We present a detailed JWST/NIRSpec and NIRCam analysis of a gravitationally lensed galaxy (μ = 17 − 21) at a redshift of 6.14 magnified by the Hubble Frontier Field galaxy cluster MACS J0416. The target galaxy is a typical compact and UV-faint (MUV = −17.8) Lyman-α emitter, yet the large magnification allows the detailed characterization of structures on sub-galactic scales (down to a few parsecs). Prominent optical Hα, Hβ, and [OIII]λλ4959, 5007 lines are spatially resolved with the high-spectral-resolution grating (G395H, R 2700), with large equivalent widths, EW(Hβ+O III) ≳ 1000 Å, and elevated ionizing photon production efficiencies, log(ξion/erg−1Hz) = 25.2–25.7. NIRCam deep imaging reveals the presence of compact rest-UV-bright regions along with individual star clusters of Reff = 3 − 8 pc in size and M ∼ 2 ⋅ 105 − 5 ⋅ 106 M⊙ in mass. These clusters are characterized by steep UV slopes, βUV ≲ −2.5, which in some cases are associated with a dearth of line emission, indicating possible leaking of the ionizing radiation, as also supported by a Lyman-α emission peaking at ∼100 km s−1 from the systemic redshift. While the entire system is characterized by low metallicity, ∼0.1 Z⊙, the NIRSpec-IFU map also reveals the presence of a low-luminosity, metal-poor region with Z ≲ 2% Z⊙, which is barely detected in NIRCam imaging; this region is displaced by > 200 pc from one of the brightest structures of the system in UV, and would have been too faint to detect if not for the large magnification of the system.
Effect of different feeding regimes in amur common carp fingerlings: compensatory growth, physio-metabolic responses, and expression of IGF-1 gene
Authors: Chowdhury Arka , Ghosh Tapas Kumar , Khatua Sanjib , Hore Sayani , Kumari Palak , Kajal Kumari , Jana Prasanta
Published: January 2025

The experiment was intended to evaluate the competent restricted feeding strategy for amur common carp fingerlings reared under actual pond condition. Fingerlings (2.28 ± 0.27 g) were subjected to five different restricted feeding regimes; viz. TC (daily feeding), T1/1 (1-day feeding/ 1-day starvation), T2/1 (2-days feeding/ 1-day starvation), T2/2 (2-days feeding/ 2-days starvation), and T1/2 (1-day feeding/ 2-days starvation). The results indicated significantly similar (P > 0.05) growth pattern in T2/1, when compared to TC. But in other feed-deprived groups the fish growth was much poor. In T2/1, the feeding strategy had no significant adverse effect on SGR; rather it supported improved nutrient utilization indices. T2/1 asserted superior digestive capacity in the starved group, with elevated (P < 0.05) protease and amylase activity. Reduced (P < 0.05) hepatic lactate dehydrogenase and malate dehydrogenase activity in T2/1 group suggests reduced stress, which might strengthen compensatory growth. Feed deprivation increased (P < 0.05) both alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase activity in blood. In the current study, elevated (P < 0.05) level of hepatic superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase activity and Insulin like growth factor 1 and reduced (P < 0.05) blood glucose level, parallel to the degree of starvation was also evidenced. The present study suggests that 2-day feeding followed by 1-day feed restriction (T2/1) as the best feeding strategy for pond culture of amur common carp with the highest net return without compromising the growth, yield and antioxidative status.
Optimizing Energy Efficiency and Indoor Air Quality in Building Design for Hot and Humid Climates
Authors: Taemthong Wannawit , Plitsiri Itthi
Published: January 2025

Optimizing energy efficiency and indoor air quality is essential in hot and humid climates like Thailand, where high energy consumption and poor ventilation are common challenges in air-conditioned spaces. This research presents two case studies that focus on improving energy performance and environmental quality in distinct building types: a commercial building and a university classroom. The first case study investigates energy efficiency in a commercial building by analyzing various door configurations. Experiments conducted in an 18-square-meter room compare the energy consumption of outward-opening doors with air curtains, sliding doors with air curtains, and vestibule doors without air curtains. The results show that sliding vestibule doors without air curtains were the most energy-efficient, while outward-opening doors with air curtains consumed the highest amount of energy, highlighting the importance of door selection in reducing energy use in commercial settings. The second case study examines a university classroom where green walls were integrated to improve indoor air quality and energy efficiency. This study evaluates the impact of both active and passive green wall systems on energy use and CO2 levels in a classroom with 10 occupants. Active green walls (AGW) using Epipremnum aureum plants demonstrated a 35% reduction in CO2 concentrations and a 26% decrease in energy consumption compared to classrooms without green walls. Together, these case studies provide valuable insights for optimizing energy efficiency and indoor environmental quality in commercial and educational buildings, offering practical solutions for reducing energy consumption and enhancing occupant comfort in hot and humid climates.
Can geopolymer mixture be a solution for utilizing waste glass and basic oxygen furnace slag as aggregates?
Authors: Manap Islambek , Galymzhankyzy Anel , Omarova Zhaniya , Ualiyev Dulat , Temirbekov Doszhan , Shon Chang-Seon , Zhang Dichuan , Kim Jong Ryeol
Published: January 2025

This research studies the influence of aggregate proportions, namely Waste Glass Sand (WGS) and Basic Oxygen Furnace Slag (BOFS), on the expansion and compressive strength characteristics of both geopolymer and Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) mixtures. The research includes an experimental program in which geopolymer mixtures were prepared with different combinations of WGS and BOFS contents (0/100, 25/75, 50/50, 75/25, 100/0, respectively) alongside reference OPC samples containing only WGS or BOFS. The samples prepared for testing expansion behavior were cured under 2 conditions: water submersion and 1M NaOH solution submersion, both maintained at 80°C. Regardless of different combinations of SWS and BOFS, the 28-day compressive strength results for all geopolymer mixtures exceeded the value of 40 MPa. The geopolymer samples experienced different expansion patterns depending on factors such as aggregate content and curing conditions. Specifically, a mixture with 25% WGS and 75% BOFS showed rapid expansion in water, while others maintained expansion within acceptable limits (0.1% threshold value). This was analyzed via literature review, highlighting the role of the alkali-silica reaction. At the same time, the OPC mortar mixture demonstrated significant expansion values, particularly in the NaOH solution, which is connected to the interaction between cement hydration products and NaOH. Based on compressive strength and expansion results, the geopolymer mixture having the 50/50 combination of WGS and BOFS seems to be the optimum mixture in compressive strength and expansion behavior.
Development of Integrated Actinide Chemistry Application, AACE, for Acceleration of Actinide Chemistry Experiments
Authors: Nakase Masahiko , Nishihara Takahiro , Ikhwan Fauzia Hanum , Okamura Tomohiro , Matsui Kota
Published: January 2025

Efficient separation of Minor Actinide (MA) from High-Level Liquid Waste (HLLW) is essential in next generation reprocessing systems. To enable this, finding an efficient separation system is inevitable. We employ a chemoinformatic approach to find suitable diluents, particularly fluorinated diluents, due to some advantages. To efficiently find the candidate molecules we developed Acceleration of Actinide Chemistry Experiment (AACE), which can deploy transfer learning (TL) and human-in-the-loop machine learning (HITL-ML). Our approach utilizes Hansen’s solubility parameters derived from molecular structures to predict solubility and extractability, create extraction models for MA surrogate Lanthanide (Ln) and MA. This manuscript outlines the methodology for diluent exploration and the function of AACE.
Status of GPU capabilities within the Shift Monte Carlo radiation transport code
Authors: Biondo Elliott , Davidson Gregory , Evans Thomas , Hamilton Steven , Johnson Seth , Pandya Tara , Royston Katherine , Salcedo-Pérez José
Published: January 2025

Shift is a general-purpose Monte Carlo (MC) radiation transport code for fission, fusion, and national security applications. Shift has been adapted to efficiently run on GPUs in order to leverage leadership-class supercomputers. This work presents Shift’s current GPU capabilities. These include core radiation transport capabilities for eigenvalue and fixed-source simulations, and support for non-uniform domain decomposition, Doppler broadening, free-gas elastic scattering, general-purpose geometry, hybrid MC/deterministic transport, and depletion. Transport results demonstrate a 2–5× GPU-to-CPU speedup on a per-node basis for an eigenvalue problem on the Frontier supercomputer and a 28× speedup for a fixed-source problem on the Summit supercomputer.
Les milieux activés par plasma froid à pression atmosphérique
Authors: Roux Solène , Merbahi Nofel , Simon Michel
Published: January 2025

Les plasmas froids à pression atmosphérique, des gaz partiellement ionisés, sont utilisés pour diverses applications biomédicales, comme la décontamination des instruments chirurgicaux. Récemment, une méthode dérivée et plus facile à mettre en œuvre a été développée : l’utilisation de milieux activés par plasma froid (PAM). Le traitement des plaies cutanées par PAM semble favoriser leur cicatrisation. Grâce aux espèces réactives de l’oxygène et de l’azote qu’ils contiennent, les PAM stimulent en effet la migration des kératinocytes et des fibroblastes ainsi que l’angiogenèse, des mécanismes essentiels à la cicatrisation, tout en inhibant la prolifération bactérienne.
Identification of two new genetic loci for high-resolution genotyping of Enterocytozoon bieneusi
Authors: Meng Xinan , Ou Yonglin , Jiang Wen , Guo Yaqiong , Xiao Lihua , Feng Yaoyu , Li Na
Published: January 2025

In addition to the ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) locus, four loci (MS1, MS3, MS4, and MS7) have been identified to develop multilocus sequence typing tools for high-resolution genotyping of Enterocytozoon bieneusi in previous studies. However, the use of only five loci was insufficient for population genetic analysis of E. bieneusi from diverse hosts. In this study, comparison of a clinical genome sequence (C44566) with the whole genome sequence of an E. bieneusi isolate (H348) in GenBank led to the selection of the hypothetical protein 1 (hp1) and tubulin 1 (tub1) loci. Further analysis of the two loci with 156 E. bieneusi-positive samples showed high sequence polymorphisms in ITS Groups 1–6 and 10. Altogether, 30 and 23 sequence types were identified at hp1 and tub1, respectively. Genotyping based on the two loci confirmed the lack of genetic differentiation between Group 1 and Group 2 genotypes, as previously reported. Moreover, the genotypes in Groups 4 and 5 are more divergent from other genotypes within Groups 1–10. However, isolates in Group 11 and 12 could not be amplified at the hp1 and tub1 loci, supporting the previous conclusion of genetic uniqueness of the two genotype groups. The identified genetic markers and generated data could be used to develop a multilocus sequence typing tool for high-resolution genotyping of E. bieneusi, which would also have implications for understanding the taxonomy of Enterocytozoon spp., the public health significance of E. bieneusi in animals, and sources of E. bieneusi infections in humans.
L’activité de préparation pré-compétitive des entraîneurs experts en gymnastique artistique et la gestion des risques corporels : Co-construire un écosystème de pratique efficient
Authors: Rolland Cathy , Roche Lionel
Published: January 2025

La formation acrobatique des gymnastes place la problématique de la préservation de l’intégrité corporelle au cœur des pratiques des entraîneurs. L’étude porte sur l’activité réelle d’entraîneurs experts au cours de séquences d’interactions avec les gymnastes, destinées à perfectionner leur réalisation d’habiletés gymniques en vue de les préparer à la compétition de niveau national et international. Le dévoilement des connaissances d’expérience, qui se manifestent dans leur activité d’intervention, s’inscrit dans une démarche d’anthropologie cognitive située. Il prend appui sur la documentation conjointe des comportements qu’ils donnent à voir et des significations que ces comportements ont pour eux, en lien avec la dynamique de leurs préoccupations et de leurs perceptions des essais successifs des gymnastes. Les résultats révèlent des processus d’étayage de l’activité d’apprentissage des gymnastes qui reposent notamment sur des activités de manipulation corporelle. Les processus de désétayage qui suivent se caractérisent par une diminution des aides apportées par l’entraîneur au gymnaste et la construction par ce dernier de ressources de substitution. La préparation technique à la compétition, partie intégrante des stratégies de prévention des risques corporels, repose sur la co-construction d’un écosystème efficient et partagé, comme ressources aux pratiques conjointes des entraîneurs et de leurs gymnastes.
Parameters analysis and process optimization of shell precision thermoforming
Authors: Cheng Haozhe , Xu Shubo , Sun Kangwei , Wang Shengliang , Pan Yuefei , Ma Hailong , Ren Guocheng , Li Jianing , Zhao Zhongkui
Published: January 2025

In this study, the aluminium alloy shell forming process is firstly studied and analysed. After that, the three-dimensional modelling software SOLIDWORKS is used to analyse and model the workpieces and the convex and concave dies of each process of the aluminium alloy shell hot extrusion forming process. Finally, the three-dimensional finite element numerical simulation software DEFORM-3D is used to carry out numerical simulation analysis on the precision hot forming process of aluminium alloy shell. Equivalent force and strain distributions, along with stroke-load curves, were analyzed under varying conditions by changing the friction factor and forming temperature. The simulation results show that under the conditions of friction factor of 0.25 and temperature of 450 °C, it is most suitable for the machining of aluminium alloy shell hot extrusion forming process.
Les conceptions des patients atteints de DMLA en vue de la mise en place d’un programme d’éducation thérapeutique.
Authors: Authier David , De Sousa Catherine , Perez Carine , Labrunie Anaïs , Beloni Pascale , Delaide Valérie , Delavaud Jean-Michel , Demiot Claire , Toniolo Jean , Robert Pierre-Yves
Published: January 2025

Introduction : La mise en place d’un programme d’ETP est tout à fait indiquée pour compléter la prise en charge médicale des personnes atteintes de dégénérescence maculaire liée à l’âge. C’est dans cet objectif que nous avons mené une recherche descriptive qualitative pour identifier les conceptions des patients sur leur maladie, leur prise en charge et leurs besoins quant à de futurs ateliers d’ETP. Méthodes : Nous avons utilisé une méthodologie qualitative en contexte hospitalier sur des patients atteints de DMLA. Les résultats ont été confrontés à un échantillon de patients dans le cadre de deux focus groupes afin d’asseoir la fiabilité des résultats et les confronter à la réalité du vécu des patients. Résultats – Discussion : Les patients nous indiquent que la DMLA à un impact significatif sur leur vie quotidienne. De plus, cette maladie génère une angoisse qui doit être prise en compte par les équipes soignantes au même titre que les conseils nécessaires à l’amélioration de la qualité de vie des patients. Conclusion : Les résultats sont susceptibles d’éclairer les soignants quant à leurs pratiques quotidiennes de prise en charge de cette maladie mais également d’être force de proposition pour concevoir des programmes d’ETP contextualisés et adaptés.
Bedeutung und Mechanismen des Vogelgesangs: Inspiration für die Pneumologie
Authors: Schönhofer Bernd , Gahr Manfred
Published: January 2025

Im Gegensatz zum Menschen ist der Ort der Lautbildung bei Vögeln nicht der Kehlkopf, sondern der sog. „Stimmkopf“ (wissenschaftliche Name „Syrinx“). Bei einigen Arten ist der Syrinx an der Bifurkation der Trachea in die beiden Hauptbronchien (trachealer Stimmkopf), bei anderen Arten in den Hauptbronchien (bronchialer Stimmkopf) lokalisiert. Bei der Inspiration strömt ein Teil der Luft in die Lunge, der zum Singen benötigte Teil in die der Lunge benachbarten Luftsäcke. Während der Exspiration verlässt die Luft die Luftsäcke, strömt durch die Syrinx, wo dann der Gesang entsteht. Wenn Vögel gleichzeitig zweistimmig singen, werden einzelne Sequenzen simultan im rechten und linken Anteil der Syrinx gebildet.

Die Gesangsanalyse erfolgt mittels Spektrogrammen (sog. Sonagrammen), die den zeitlichen Verlauf des Frequenzspektrums des Vogelgesangs grafisch darstellen.

Der Gesang besteht aus einer oder mehreren Strophen, die ihrerseits aus der variablen bzw. konstanten Abfolge von Motiven oder Silben aufgebaut sind. Einige Singvögel verfügen über ein enormes Silben- und Strophenrepertoire (max. bis zu 7000 Strophen/Tag). Bei den meisten Vogelarten existieren neben dem Gesang auch deutlich einfachere Bettel-, Kontakt-, Droh-, Flug-, Alarm- und Kopulationsrufe.

Der Gesang der männlichen Vögel hat vorwiegend zwei Funktionen: 1. Mithilfe des Gesangs wird um eine mögliche Partnerin geworben. Den Weibchen liefert der Gesang wichtige Informationen über Leistungsfähigkeit und Gesundheitszustand des Bewerbers. 2. Der Gesang dient der Revierverteidigung.

Bei ca. 40 % der Singvogelarten singen auch die Weibchen. Pärchen mancher Singvogelart singen perfekt synchronisiert.

Eine ganze Reihe von Singvögeln imitiert sowohl die Stimmen anderer Singvögel als auch Umgebungsgeräusche und viele Singvögel besitzen regionale Dialekte.

Die Gesangsentwicklung hängt neben genetischen von weiteren Faktoren, wie z. B. Umwelt, Stoffwechsel und hormonellem Einfluss, ab. Sie verläuft schrittweise und beinhaltet initial relativ primitive Sequenzen (sog. „subsongs“), führt dann über komplexere Zwischenformen („plastic songs“) zum vollendeten Gesangsmuster („full songs“).

Jungvögel lernen den Gesang ihrer Art bereits zu einem Zeitpunkt, an dem sie selbst noch gar nicht singen, oft bereits im Alter von 10–50 Tagen durch Prägung von älteren Artgenossen, gewöhnlich den Vätern.

In einem Netzwerk aus sensomotorischen Neuronen im Vorderhorn entwickelt sich der Gesang der Jungvögel auf der Basis der Schablone des Erwachsenengesangs.

Für das Sprachlernen des Menschen bieten Singvögel, insbesondere der Zebrafink, das derzeit beste Modell bzgl. neuronaler Mechanismen des Sprachlernens. Bei Vögeln orchestriert das sog. „High Vocal Center“ (HVC) alle für den Gesang relevanten Hirnregionen, wobei die neuronale Kontrolle des Gesangs sensitiv für Geschlechtshormone ist.
Pharmacological Treatment of Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Systematic
Review of Treatment Guidelines
Authors: Tomiyama Sota , Yoshida Kazunari , Tani Hideaki , Uchida Hiroyuki
Published: January 2025

Currently available systematic reviews on the pharmacological treatment of
autism spectrum disorder (ASD) do not encompass all the evidence, as they
exclude guidelines issued by national or local authorities that are not
indexed in search engines such as PubMed.

A systematic literature search was conducted to identify clinical guidelines
on this topic using EMBASE, Medline, and PsycINFO. A manual search was also
performed to identify guidelines by national or local authorities not
included in the aforementioned databases.

Thirty-eight guidelines were identified through manual search, including 27
items through search engines, 2 general guidelines, and 9 government agency
guidelines. Many guidelines recommended risperidone (N=16) for the
characteristic behaviors of ASD core features. For
attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) features, methylphenidate
was most frequently recommended (N=23) for both inattention (N=6) and
hyperactivity/impulsivity (N=16). Risperidone was also frequently
recommended for maladaptive behaviors (N=33).

A comprehensive literature search identified treatment guidelines for ASD
issued by local or national administrative bodies that were not captured
through search engines alone. There was some consensus among the guidelines
on the use of psychotropics in alleviating specific features of ASD.
However, physicians need to be aware of the lack of high-quality evidence
supporting these recommendations.
Aorta Rupture Due to Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy: A Rare Case Report
Authors: Stagkoglou Christos , Kaperonis Elias , Papavasileiou Vasileios
Published: January 2025

Since the 1980s, extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) has been the treatment of choice for most urinary calculi. It is generally considered a safe method with a few complications involving the vascular system, among others. There are only a few literature reports of aortic rupture after ESWL and these mainly concern abdominal aortic aneurysms and rarely, severe atherosclerotic aorta. We report the case of a 67-year-old man with a rupture of a longitudinally and circumferentially calcified abdominal aorta and pseudoaneurysm formation following ESWL which he underwent a few days before the symptoms started. He reported urgently to our department after a recurrence of severe abdominal and lumbar pain. An endovascular treatment attempt with stent graft implantation was made initially but since the perforation did not seal, open surgery with stent removal, hematoma excision, and an aortobifemoral bypass was decided. He died 23 days later because of acute myocardial infarction. We believe that it is possible for severely calcified vessels to rupture through ESWL, and great care should be taken in these patients for symptoms or signs of retroperitoneal hematoma after the procedure.
Association of Left and Right Branch Blocks with Clinical Outcomes in Patients with Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction
Authors: Reddy Sukhila , Kattamuri Lakshmi , Dwivedi Alok , Mukherjee Debabrata , Deoker Abhizith
Published: January 2025

The associations of left bundle branch block (LBBB) and right bundle branch block (RBBB) with cardiovascular (CV) outcomes compared with normal QRS in heart failure patients with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) are unclear. We sought to determine CV morbidity, mortality, and total costs associated with LBBB and RBBB in acute HFpEF compared with those without BBB. A cross-sectional study using the 2019 NIS database analyzed adult HFpEF hospitalizations for acute heart failure, categorizing patients by LBBB, RBBB, or normal QRS. Clinical outcomes included atrial fibrillation (AF), ventricular fibrillation (VF), complete heart block (CHB), sick sinus syndrome (SSS), cardiac arrest (CA), hospitalization costs, and in-hospital mortality. Associations between BBB types and outcomes were assessed using logistic and relative risk (RR) models with propensity score weighting, validated by sensitivity analyses. A total of 334,511 hospitalizations with HFpEF including LBBB (6,818, 2%) and RBBB (7,948, 2.4%) were analyzed. Compared with normal QRS duration, LBBB was associated with VF (odds ratio [OR] = 2.47, p < 0.001), SSS (OR = 1.72, p < 0.001), CHB (OR = 2.77, p < 0.001) and greater hospitalization costs (RR = 1.15, p < 0.001) after adjusting for covariates in PS analysis. Similarly, RBBB was associated with AF (OR = 1.30, p < 0.001), VF (OR = 1.59, p = 0.033), SSS (OR = 1.72, p < 0.001), CHB (OR = 2.81, p < 0.001), CA (OR = 1.19, p < 0.001), and higher hospitalization costs (RR = 1.08, p < 0.001). These associations remained unchanged in multiple validation analyses even after additionally adjusting for obesity, hypertension, and diabetes. The length of stay was shorter in HFpEF with RBBB and LBBB subgroups compared with normal QRS. In hospitalizations of acute decompensated HFpEF, BBB was associated with an increased risk of CV outcomes and hospitalization costs.
Immediate versus Delayed Wound Closure in Hidradenitis Suppurativa Surgery: A Comparative Outcomes Study
Authors: Fliss Ehud , Shoham Gon , Zoabi Tariq , Hafner Ariela , Meilik Benjamin , Manheim Sharon , Kedar Daniel J. , Barnea Yoav , Gur Eyal , Otremski Eran
Published: January 2025

Background Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease affecting approximately 1% of young adults. Severe and refractory disease commonly requires surgical excision of the affected skin. To date, there is no consensus regarding the most appropriate reconstructive algorithm.

Materials and Methods We conducted a retrospective cohort study including all HS patients who underwent surgical excision in the framework of our multidisciplinary clinic. Operative data and postoperative outcome measures were compared between patients who underwent immediate versus delayed reconstruction. Additionally, reconstructive methods were compared and risk factors for adverse postoperative outcome were identified.

Results A total of 103 patients underwent 158 surgeries for HS excision. The overall complication rate was significantly higher in patients who underwent immediate versus delayed wound closure (31 vs. 16%, p = 0.039). Any intervention for wound closure (immediate or delayed) was associated with increased risk of postoperative complications in comparison to secondary healing (33 vs. 4%, p < 0.001). With delayed closure, the average time to wound closure was 85.4 days with secondary healing only and 57 days with negative pressure wound therapy assisted closure.

Conclusion Risk factors for adverse postoperative outcome in HS surgery are multifactorial and involve both timing and method of reconstruction in addition to various patient factors. The findings of this study strengthen the notion that delayed closure of post-HS excision wounds leads to the most uneventful course in regard to postoperative adverse events; however, this may take up to 3 months. Upon deciding on a reconstructive plan, the risk-to-benefit ratio should be assessed individually weighing the pros and cons of immediate closure and delayed secondary intention.
Bose condensation in liquid 4He (a review)
Authors: Bogoyavlenskii I. V. , Karnatsevich L. V. , Kozlov Zh. A. , Puchkov A. V.
Published: January 2025

A review of all experimental works carried out during the past 20 years on Bose condensation in liquid helium is presented. The main attention is paid to the method of directly determining the number density of Bose condensate (n0) from the inelastic scattering of neutrons by helium. The most reliable quantitative and qualitative results for n0(T) are presented. Prospects of further experimental works in this field are discussed. A brief review of the main theoretical results obtained for Bose condensation in liquid 4He is presented.
Thermal expansion of methane in the β-phase
Authors: Lokotosh T. V.
Published: January 2025

Peculiarities in the behavior of the thermal expansion coefficient of methane in the β-phase and the possibility of small distortions of crystal structure are considered by using an extended librational approach.
Dynamic susceptibility of incommensurate structures
Authors: Gadzhiev B. R. , Babirova A. A.
Published: January 2025

A phenomenological model of dynamic susceptibility in the incommensurate phase with a mixed mechanism of phase transition is proposed and the peculiar temperature behavior of the soft mode in TlGaSe2 crystals is described.
Amplifier scheme: Increasing burn efficiency via cascading explosions for inertial confinement fusion
Authors: Li Yongsheng , Lan Ke , Cao Hui , Chen Yao-Hua , Zhao Xiaohui , Sui Zhan
Published: January 2025

Burn efficiency Φ is a key for commercial feasibility of fusion power stations for inertial fusion energy, while Φ is usually lower than 30% in the central ignition scheme of inertial confinement fusion (ICF). A recent conceptual design for a 10 MJ laser driver [Z. Sui and K. Lan, Matter Radiat. Extremes 9, 043002 (2024)] provides new room for target design to achieve a higher Φ. Here, we take the advantage of fuel density in reaction rate and propose a novel amplifier scheme for increasing Φ via two cascading explosions by ICF. The amplifier scheme can be realized either by indirect-drive or by direct-drive. Here, we give a 1D design for an indirect-driven amplifier capsule containing 2.02 mg DT fuel under a 300 eV radiation generated by a 10 MJ and 1785 TW laser inside an octahedral spherical hohlraum. At stagnation, it forms an extremely dense shell surrounding central hot fuel, with a density ratio of shell to central >20. About 53 ps after stagnation, benefiting from the extremely high density of the shell and the deposition of α particles generated in the central hot fuel, the primary explosion happens in the shell. Then, the primary explosion in the shell drives the central fuel to converge spherically toward the center. At about 18 ps after the primary explosion, the central fuel converges at center with 1100 g/cm3, 770 keV, and 320 Tbar, leading to the secondary explosion inside this extremely hot and dense fireball. As a result, the amplifier capsule has Φ = 48% and G = 33 at convergence ratio Cr = 24. This novel scheme can achieve a relatively high burn efficiency at a relatively low Cr, which can greatly relax the stringent requirements of high gain fusion on hot spot ignition conditions and engineering issues.
Calculation of semiconductor melting temperatures based on Fan-equation approximated by the 37% rule
Authors: Bhowmick Mithun , Xi Haowen , Ullrich Bruno
Published: January 2025

We present a mathematical model capable of the calculation of semiconductor melting temperatures. Notably, and quite different from previous attempts, the procedure does not require specific knowledge about the thermodynamics of the materials and is based on the Fan equation and the 1/e rule, also known as the 37% rule. Employing this new model, we calculated melting temperatures for 14 semiconductors spanning a wide range of bandgap energies. The results found are in good agreement with previous theoretical and experimental values reported in the literature, establishing the strength of the model in spite of its simplicity. The model also unifies elements and compounds with representative linear trends, showcasing the potential for future expansion.
Numerical simulation of steady-state and non-steady-state modes of a switching discharge in vacuum
Authors: Barengolts S. A. , Mamontov Yu. I. , Shmelev D. L. , Uimanov I. V.
Published: January 2025

This paper presents the results of a two-dimensional kinetic simulation of the switching of a vacuum gap by the cathode plasma flare. It is shown that, depending on the magnitude of the current passed through the vacuum gap, the gap can be switched in both a steady-state mode, in which the spark turns into a quasi-steady-state arc, and a non-steady-state quasi-periodic mode. The non-steady-state switching is associated with the occurrence of a current instability in the plasma, leading to rapid partial decay of the cathode flare plasma. In addition, it is shown that the instabilities arising in the plasma contribute to the broadening and shift of the energy distributions of the ions that have reached the anode.
Spectroscopic Feature of Quantum Many-Body Scar States
Authors: Wei Wenjie , Zhang Long
Published: January 2025

We study the dynamical correlations of nonintegrable systems with quantum many-body scar (QMBS) states generated by a ladder operator. The spectral function of the ladder operator has an exact δ-function peak induced by the QMBS states. As a concrete example, we show that in the one-dimensional (1D) spin-1 Affleck-Kennedy-Lieb-Tasaki model, the spectral function of two-magnon excitations exhibits a characteristic bow-tie shape composed of a δ-function resonance peak at momentum k = π and a continuum spectrum elsewhere. The two-magnon excitations can be observed with the resonant inelastic X-ray scattering spectroscopy on quasi-1D nickelates and other spin-1 antiferromagnetic materials, thus our work paves the way to detecting the (approximate) QMBS states in realistic materials.