bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
RAIDING PATTERN OF MIGRATORY ELEPHANTS IN A HUMAN DOMINATED LANDSCAPE IN NORTHERN BANGLADESH
Authors: Shamsuddoha Mohammad , Aziz M. Abdul
Published: August 2018

This study addresses raiding patterns of migratory elephants in northern Bangladesh by raiding area visit, focus group discussions (FGDs), key informant interviews and other secondary sources. During the study period, over 750 acres of cropland, at least 228 houses, death of 8 people and serious injury to 26 people was caused due to elephant raiding; additionally, 2 elephants also died due to conflict. We observed that migratory herds cross the surrounded border fence from India to Bangladesh through at least 61 entry points, raided for a week or more in 54 border villages then moved back. The group sizes of raiding elephants were highly biased to large groups and didn’t vary seasonally. Raiding is elevated during the summer and autumn months, at night, and just before and after the paddy harvest season. It has been found that raiding incidents took place mainly around the crop fields and human settlements which were in close proximity to the border fence. Possible mitigation measures recommended specific for this transboundary region include improvement and preservation of remaining forest patches as a core elephant zone, eco-development initiatives, intensive awareness program, bilateral collaboration with Indian government towards conservation initiatives.ECOPRINT 24: 21-27, 2017
SHIFTS IN LEAF PHENOLOGY OF THREE HIMALAYAN OAK SPECIES: ROLE OF WOOD WATER PROPERTIES
Authors: Chand Deepak B. , Poudyal Kanta , Jha P. K.
Published: August 2018

An investigation has been done with the three Himalayan oak species at Phulchowki Hill Lalitpur Nepal to relate leaf phenology responses of trees to wood water properties. We recorded the wood water content, wood density, water in wood and leaf phenological patterns of three evergreen oak species (Quercus semecarpifolia, Quercus lamellosa and Quercus glauca) for 2 years. Our results revealed significant changes in leaf phenology within oak species between years, with shifts in leaf emergence, leaf damage and leaf senescence. Shifts in tree leaf phenology found in studied years suggest that the inter-annual and monthly variation in wood water properties could attribute to shift in tree leaf phenology.ECOPRINT 24: 29-36, 2017
Book Review: Researches on the Nepalese mycoflora - 3: Erysiphales from Nepal
Authors: Tiwari Ram Deo
Published: August 2018

Not available.ECOPRINT 24: 47-48, 2017
Affirmative Action and the Jurisprudence of Equitable Inclusion
Authors: Gonzales Steven
Published: August 2018

The furor over affirmative action concerns more than a quarrel over remedying past injustices to women and minorities. A crisis of values underlies the rhetoric of affirmative action’s supporters and critics. Affirmative action, first expressed in United States law in the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and Executive Order 11246, was premised on the theory of remedying past wrongs. But many decry this premise as punishing the innocent and unjustly enriching its beneficiaries. The reframing of the question from remedying past wrongs to equitable inclusion of all helps balance the competing values of equality and remedial justice. Equity has long been a prominent feature of Western jurisprudence. Rudimentary expressions of equity are found in the writings of Aristotle and in Roman and Medieval jurisprudence. Courts of equity comprised important segments of Anglo–American legal systems for centuries, with equitable principles living on in contemporary American law. The tempering of Western legalism by equity parallels principles, administrative operations, and the approach to jurisprudence in the Bahá’í Faith. The Bahá’í emphasis on unity in diversity may be seen as equitable inclusion or equity as applied to social groups. When the goal is expanded to equitable inclusion of all, while still taking into account past wrongs, the standard objections to affirmative action such as reverse discrimination, stigmatization, and departure from merit lose force.
FROM DYSTOPIA TO UTOPIA: THE PERCEPTIONS OF OSTOMY CLIENTS
Authors: Moreno Adrian A. , Dano Julius C.
Published: August 2018

Following ostomy surgery, patients experience overwhelming changes which often affect their overall well-being (Ito et al., 2012). Surprisingly, there is paucity on the perceptions and views of clients with an ostomy in a Filipino understanding. A phenomenological lens anchored on the philosophy of Husserl was used to discover and describe the lived experience of clients with ostomy. Purposive-Snowball sampling was utilized in the study. Conversational, formal and semi-structured interviews were the methods used as means to unravel the experience of the participants. Data analysis was based on Colaizzi’s methodology. The whole process was based on the data, transcribed interviews, sorting, categorizations (cool analysis), categories as thematized (warm analysis) and a repertory grid or a dendrogram that paved the way to discovering the value of the lived experiences of clients with ostomy. The description of the experience revealed two major themes namely, the Dystopia experience that emanate from the participants’ negative perceptions of alienation, desolation and desperation. Moreover, the second theme is the Utopia experience that derives from the participants’ understanding of acceptance, gratitude, and enlightenment. It is imperative that there is a need to understand the perceptions of clients with ostomy to devise an appropriate plan of care that addresses the main goal of a healthy transition.
WASTAGE OF IMAGING MATERIALS IN MEDICAL CONVENTIONAL, SPECIALISED IMAGING AND THE RELATIONSHIP IN CONTINUOUS PROFESSSIONAL DEVELOPMENT
Authors: M.Nyalla Alfonce Mang’oka
Published: August 2018

Imaging materials are the most important consumables in X-ray Departments and are key to the cost-effective running of the departments. While in use, some materials like radiographs are spoiled and discarded due to several reasons. At the same time, the skills that the radiographers have in producing radiographs play a major role in whether the film is accepted or rejected. The aim of this study was to undertake a wastage survey of materials used in conventional, specialized medical imaging and their relationship with Continuous Professional Development (CPD).

Data collection was done in Mbangathi District Hospital. Phaseone involved the collection of radiographs and print paper wasted during examinations that were discarded. Phase two of the study was concerned with the filling in of questionnaires by the radiographers working in Mbagathi hospital regarding CPD. The study applied a descriptive design.

The findings revealed that at Mbagathi X-Ray Department wastage rate was 5.47%. There were various reasons for radiograph wastage in Mbagathi Hospital which included exposure errors 59%, positioning 11%, processing 11% and film fog at 19%. From the results, exposure errors emerged as a major area where most wasted radiographs came from. The results from the questionnaire completed by the radiographers regarding CPD revealed that lack of finances was the most common obstacle to the attendance of continuous professional development activities (90.9%), followed by poor communication (72.7%), lack of time (54.5%) and the infrequent organization of CPD activities (27.3%).
CHARACTERISTICS OF CHILDREN UNDER FIVE YEARS WITH PNEUMONIA IN METROPOLITAN CITY
Authors: Agustin Diah Ayu , Linda Silvana Evi
Published: August 2018

The biggest disease include Pneumonia causes the death of a child. Pneumonia risk factors in children under five years include age, decreased endurance of the body in children with malnutrition, got no exclusive breast milk, do not get immunization against measles and DPT. This research aims at identifying risk factors based on the characteristics of the children under five treated with pneumonia. The study design is a description with a sample size of 34 children. The results of univariate data analysis found that the highest incidence of pneumonia in this study aged 12-23 months (38%), the lowest age of 48-59 months (12%). The majority of children under five are male (55.9%), normal nutritional status (97.1%), getting exclusive breast milk (61.8%), got the measles and DPT immunization (70.6%), as well as 100% domiciled in Jakarta metropolitan city. Research results are expected to contribute in the prevention and treatment of pneumonia in children under five year as well as the basis for further research.
THE EFFECT OF TEMULAWAK (CURCUMA XANTHORRHIZA OR JAVANESE GINGER) ON THE BREAST MILK PRODUCTION OF POST PARTUM MOTHERS AT NINGSIH INDEPENDENT MIDWIFE TAWANGMANGU
Authors: Widhiastuti Endah , Yunianto Bambang , Sugiyartiningsih Sri
Published: August 2018

Background of Study: Herbs as Indonesia’s cultural heritage have been used hereditary in many generations. One of them is temulawak (Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb). The immunomodulator (Immunostimulant) is a compound that can boost the immunity mechanism of the body, specifically as well as non-specifically. Rahman (2007) stated that temulawak is taken from rhizomes which consists of 64% starch, 1,6 – 22% curcumin and 1,48 – 1,63 % essential oil that believed to be able to improve the kidney’s work and to serve as anti-inflammatory. Because of these many benefits of temulawak and the phenomena of drinking herbs habits by postpartum women particularly in Javanese culture, then the researchers were encouraged to do a research on temulawak as a breast milk booster.

Objective: To study the effect of giving temulawak on the breast milk production of postpartum mothers at independent midwife NINGSIH with the indicator of the babies’ weight gain, urination frequency, breastfeeding frequency and the length of babies’ sleep after being breastfed.

Method: The research is a quasi-experiment and the research design is a Static Group Comparison in which observation method is applied. The population of this research is women in their postpartum time until the 14-day period after childbirth in Ningsih independent midwife during the research. The sample is all the qualified population who meets the requirement. The technique of the sampling is purposive sampling. The independent variable is the use of temulawak. The dependent variable is the milk production in breastfeeding in 14-day period after childbirth. The T-test is used for analyzing.

The Result of the Study:The result of the study showed that the weight of the babies in the experimental group gained 535 grams in average and in the control group gained 270 in average. The urination frequency of the babies in the experimental group was 7.5 times in average and in the control group was 5.05 times. The breastfeeding frequency in the experimental group was 9.35 times in average and in the control group was 6.85 in average. After being breastfed, the babies in the experimental group spent 1.93 hours of sleeping in average, whereas the babies in the control group spent less than normal. In conclusion, there was only 1 person (5%) in the control group who had a good production of breast milk whereas in the experimental group, there were 14 persons (70%). Therefore, it can be concluded from the study that there was a significant effect on the use of temulawak to the production of breast milk of postpartum mothers with p value of 0,000 and alpha value of 0,05.

Conclusion : There is a significant effect on the use of temulawak in increasing milk production in lactation in postpartum period
RISK OF TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS AMONG HEALTHY INDIVIDUALS IN TIGO BALEH AND RASIMAH AHMAD AREA IN BUKITTINGGI IN 2017
Authors: Amelia Dona , Kurniawati Dewi
Published: August 2018

The negative impact of Diabetes Mellitus are shortening the life expectancy, increasing morbidity rates and worsening the quality of life. These impacts are rising due to the growth of number of patients, particularly unidentified sufferer. International Diabetes Federation estimates that by 2035 there will be 592 million people suffering from DM Dan At least more than 85% of them will have type 2 DM. According to health ministry of RI, in west Sumatera, there were around 44000 DM Sufferers in 2014 and 40% of population group was known as undiagnosed DM with high risk level. Meanwhile in Bukittinggi the highest DM sufferer is on public health Center Tigo Baleh followed by Public Health Center Rasimah Ahmad. However there were not a single data released about DM risk. This research aimed to identify type 2 DM prevalency risk through screening of healthy individuals in 2017. The method of this research was quantitative survey in Tigo Baleh and rasimah Ahmad Areas. Data was collected from 500 respondents by using FINDRISC instrument. The result revealed 5 levels of DM risk, there were Low risk 25%, Slightly Elevated Risk 32%, Moderate Risk 21.2%, High Risk 19.2%, and Very High Risk 2.6%.
THE FUTURE OF NURSING CURRICULUM FOR NEW LEARNING ENVIRONMENT
Authors: Mansor Mardiana , Mansor Rosmawati , Jusoh AyuSulaini , Choon Lim Chin
Published: August 2018

Currently, the development of information technology and the increase in the number of nursing students occur drastically. Based on this premise, the purpose of this article is to shed light into the future development of curriculum for the nursing field. Philosophy is considered one of the most important components of both education system and curriculum, because the educational philosophies reflect the social, economic and political aspects of a society, in which they are applied. As an educator, understanding the philosophy to be adapted in the curriculum and learning process is important, to provide a framework for the best performance of both the teacher and the student. In conclusion, it is important to implement the philosophy of curriculum in the education program as each philosophy aids in the principles and guidelines of the learning process. Globally, most programs are usually based on the philosophy related to that program. Therefore, as an educator, we must know the philosophical development of the curriculum of education, so that we are able to analyse and choose which is appropriate.
THE EFFECT OF CAREGIVER EDUCATION PROGRAM ON FUNCTIONAL INDEPENDENCE AND MORTALITY IN FIRST-EVER STROKE
Authors: Ahmad S.Airiza , Supandiman Iman , Markam Soemarmo , Estiasari Riwanti , Hankey Graeme
Published: August 2018

Background: At present, the management of stroke focuses not only on the acute stage of saving the penumbra but also on the secondary prevention of managing the potential sequel following stroke, preventing the occurrence of another attack, and improving the quality of life. Continuous role of caregivers in supporting stroke survivor after passing the acute phase is therefore invaluable. Caregiver education program (CEP) was routinely used as a part of discharge plan on acute stroke patients in stroke unit in Indonesia. This study aims to evaluate the effect of CEP as one of stroke rehabilitation modalities using a historical data that still correlated to the practice in stroke unit nowadays.

Methods: A single-blinded randomized controlled trial was performed on 172 subjects of first-ever stroke with no other comorbidities and not having invasive treatment on the recruitment time. The subjects were randomly allocated into two groups: a group receiving CEP (n=88) as the experiment group and a control group (n=84). A four-session CEP, held since the second week of admission by interactive discussion using overhead projector and poster, was performed by a neurologist to the caregiver member of experiment group stroke survivor. The outcome of functional independence and mortality on the third month post-onset was assessed using Barthel activity daily living (ADL) index and the mortality report, respectively.

Results: No statistical difference was found on the baseline of the two groups. CEP significantly increased the functional independence (RR=1.30, 95% CI 1.03-1.63) of stroke survivor. Despite the insignificant effect on three-month survival, the group receiving CEP had less mortality rate over time.

Conclusion: Caregiver education program had a positive outcome on the patient’s functional independence. Thus, it improves the quality of life.
BABY BLUES SCREENING ON POST-PARTUM MOTHER BY COMPARING EPDS AND PHQ-9 METHODS FOR HEALTH-CARE SERVICE AND PUBLIC APPLICATIONS IN LUBUK BUAYA COMMUNITY HEALTH CARE PADANG CITY, INDONESIA
Authors: Sarli Desi , Ifayanti Titin
Published: August 2018

Studies find out that baby blues and postnatal depression on mother are quite a lot. One of two recent-childbirth mothers (50%) might ever experience baby blues, and around 10% will continue to become a post-natal depression. Around 70% of all post-partum mothers experience baby blues, and around 10-20% puerperal mothers get post-partum depression. The effort to detect baby blues is to conduct screening with EPDS and PHQ-9. The objectives of this study were to get validity and reliability of questionnaire by EPDS and PHQ methods to screen baby blues in post-partum mothers and to find out the right method of conducting screening. This study was using descriptive-correlation design to describe the result of baby blues screening of post-partum mother by EPDS and PHQ-9 methods. The Study population was a post-partum mother from one week to six weeks that amounted to 60 subjects where all of them were sample in this study. Data analysis was conducted to validate questionnaire by EPDS and PHQ-9 methods and tested with sensitivity and specificity testing, and the data was processed to describe screening result so that it could draw motherwith baby blues syndrome. Screening result became positive if the score was ≥ 10 and negative if the score was < 10 for EPDS method. While baby blues screening with The PHQ-9 method used 9 questions and score of ≥ 5 resulted in baby blues syndrome. Study result showed that sensitivity and specificity testing on EPDS screening method were 46.7% and 66.7%, respectively; testing result on PHQ-9 method were 46.7% and 73.3%, respectively. From this study, it can reveal that both methods can detect baby blues inthe post-partum mother. EPDS and PHQ-9 methods can be applied to the same level of confidential to screen baby blues on the post-partum mother.
FORECASTING PHILIPPINES PNEUMONIA MORBIDITY UTILIZING ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
Authors: Cutamora Jezyl
Published: August 2018

In Philippines, pneumonia remains to be on the top ten (10) leading the cause of both morbidity and mortality during many decades (Department of Health). According to the health care providers, there is a need for us to look into this alarming health scenario. One important way is to forecast the pneumonia cases based on the actual data for the last twenty (20) years. The prediction can be a good basis for the health sector to find a more effective way to manage pneumonia cases in the country. To forecast the future yearly cases of pneumonia, artificial intelligence forecasting methos is used. A time series (20-year) data from 1993-2013 was utilized in data mining using minitab and Eureqa software. The trend component of forecasting pneumonia morbidity shows a flat line model indicating that pneumonia morbidity cases will remain on the same level every year of around 718,144 cases if the current health care system continues the current pneumonia management approaches. The correction factor, however, tells us that there are higher frequencies “up” and “down” pulling movement because of the presence of the sine functions. This implies that if a significant reduction of pneumonia cases is envisioned, then a planned and focused pneumonia management program shall be created and implemented.
SOLITARY FIBROUS TUMOUR OF THE PARANASAL SINUS PRESENTING AS AN ANTROCHOANAL POLYP
Authors: Chainchel Singh Mansharan Kaur
Published: August 2018

Solitary ﬁbrous tumours (SFTs) are unusual mesenchymal tumours that were ﬁrst described as primary spindle-cell neoplasms of the pleura. These tumours have been described in many other locations, including the urogenital system, orbit, mediastinum, and upper respiratory tract. These tumours are generally benign in nature, however some of them can be locally invasive and have the potential to be malignant. Although about 12%-15% of them occur in the head and neck area, SFT of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses are extremely rare. We present a case of a solitary fibrous tumour arising from the right maxillary sinus in a 50-year-old Chinese man.
Rancang Bangun Aplikasi Chatting Berbasis Web Menggunakan Docker
Authors: Adinta Firlya
Published: August 2018

Perkembangan teknologi informasi diiringi oleh perkembangan perangkat – perangkat pendukungnya memudahkan pengguna teknologi untuk membantu pekerjaannya sehari-hari dan dapat saling berkomunikasi satu sama lain. Aplikasi chatting berbasis web merupakan salah satu alternatif yang dapat digunakan jika pengguna tidak ingin melakukan instalasi terhadap aplikasi chatting di ponselnya atau didesktop. Dalam pembuatan aplikasi chatting ini menggunakan teknologi virtual mesin yang digunakan untuk menjalankan suatu aplikasi. Teknik kontainerisasi (virtualisasi berbasis container) hadir sebagai solusi dari peningkatan jumlah aplikasi web yang harus dihosting harus diikuti dengan peningkatan kualitas ataupun kuantitas sumber daya. Docker adalah salah satu software yang mengadopsi teknik kontainerisasi dan semakin banyak diterapkan di dalam lingkungan pengembangan aplikasi. Penelitian  ini mencoba untuk melakukan rancang bangun  aplikasai chatting berbasis web menggunakan teknologi docker dalam pembuatan apliakasi chatting.
Authors: Irawan Agus , Risa Mey , Noor Tajuddin
Published: August 2018

Smartphone  merupakan  alat  komunikasi  yang  sering  digunakan  sebagai  sarana  mengakses  informasi. Sekarang  ini  banyak  smartphone  yang  bisa  digunakan  untuk  merekam  suara,  mengambil  gambar  dan membuat video dengan kualitas yang baik. Pada Smartphone ini terdapat berbagai macam sistem operasi diantaranya Symbian, Blackberry, iOS dan Android.

Android adalah sistem operasi berbasis Linux perangkat selular yang open source. Android juga memiliki

banyak  versi  seperti  Gingerbread,  ICS,  Jelly  Bean,  KitKat, Lollipop, Marshmallow, Nougat  dan  yang  terbaru  Oreo.  Tidak  semua samrtphone bekerja secara maksimal oleh sebab itu dibuatlah costum rom untuk memaksimalkan kemampuan smartphone tersebut.

Remastering adalah suatu teknik mengubah, menambah, menghapus paket aplikasi yang berada pada suatu

sistem operasi. Remastering bertujuan untuk membuat baru android yang telah dioptimalkan. Sistem operasi android untuk multimedia dapat menyediakan fungsionalitas untuk pengguna terutama pada Lenovo A6000 PLUS dalam meningkatkan performa.
Authors: Wijaya Meilvin , Kurniawan Ade
Published: August 2018

Mobile apps have come in dramatically in various fields and have changed people's lives. Developing effective mobile applications has become a significant problem for companies today to expand services or generate, and build a direct relationship with customers. Developing a mobile app requires challenging and testing various aspects. To deepen the knowledge of mobile apps requires a literature review. This paper provides basic knowledge about mobile applications and then continued evolution of mobile applications and mobile application challenges continued testing strategies and tools and frameworks for automation of android testing
Authors: Rahardja Untung , Harahap Eka Purnama , Darmawan Muhammad Diky
Published: August 2018

Setiap asosiasi ataupun organisasi pastinya memiliki official site yang berguna untuk memberikan informasi yang akurat seputar organisasi tersebut kepada para anggotanya maupun masyarakat luas. Official site digunakan sebagai media informasi, media komunikasi serta media pendidikan untuk para anggotanya, mahasiswa maupun masyarakat luas. Namun saat ini wilayah keanggotaan pada Asosiasi Perguruan Tinggi Swasta Indonesia (APTISI) yang berjumlah 13 wilayah belum memiliki official site resmi sehingga penyampaian informasi masih menggunakan cara manual. Dalam hal ini official site APTISI Pusat dapat menjadi website utama untuk membuat official site keanggotaan dengan menggunakan sub directory. Dalam penelitian ini, menggunakan metode penelitian deskriptif. Dengan didukung teknik 3 (tiga) teknik pengumpulan data yaitu observasi, studi pustaka dan impelementasi. Pada tahap pengembangan sistem menggunakan metode waterfall yang merupakan salah satu jenis metode dari SDLC (Systems Development Life Cycle). Alternatif pemecahan masalahnya adalah official site Asosiasi Perguruan Tinggi Swasta Indonesia (APTISI), sebuah official site yang digunakan sebagai wadah/tempat dan media informasi yang dikhususkan bagi para anggotanya serta dapat menampilkan dan meningkatkan kinerja kegiatan asosiasi.
Model of Education Program Value Increase
Authors: Garmonova A. V. , Ryakhina N. A. , Sokolova E. E.
Published: August 2018

The article describes the experience of the private further professional education establishment in integration with private medical organizations as a hi-tech clinic base. The purpose of the experience was to work out an education program of professional retraining which enables medical organization to extend the range of its services. The demand for such programs investment stems from the gap between the professional level of medical workers training at universities and the needs of hi-tech segment of cosmetology service which requires highly qualified specialists.

The gap between the increasingly changing market demands and the existing higher education offer may be bridged through involvement of practicing professionals in education process.

The authors consider the best Russian and foreign practices of interaction between private medical establishments and private education establishments aimed at creation Centers of Excellence on the example of Neo Clinic Tuymen. The presented model shows the competitive advantages of a professional retraining education program characterized by a big concentration of resources per student and a high value of education service. The article may be useful for the university management in Russia in developing and updating strategies and programs of practice-oriented education that will meet the requirements of regional labour markets, concrete organizations and employers and contribute to graduates’ adaptation to actual production process.
Framework of Reference for Chinese Language
Authors: Guruleva T. L.
Published: August 2018

The key theme of the article is the study of the competence of the framework of reference for Chinese language. The history of the development of the framework of reference for Chinese language in the PRC is briefly presented. The components of the communicative competence of the Chinese language and its level structure are studied. The author has performed a comparative analysis of the component structure and content of the components of the model of the communicative competence of the Chinese language with western, domestic and European models of communicative competence, as well as comparative analysis of the levels of the framework of reference for Chinese language with the levels of the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages. The conclusion is made about the specificity of the Chinese model of communicative competence, reflecting the features of the isolating Chinese language, the verbal syllabic Chinese hieroglyphic writing, the autochthonous Chinese culture, and the related features of teaching Chinese as a foreign language.
Culture of Critical Discourse on Education and Science
Authors: Sapunov M. B. , Tkhagapsoev Kh. G.
Published: August 2018

The article addresses the problems concerning the formation of the methodology of critical analysis of Russian strategies, which are aimed at reforming and managing of education and science on the basis of modern social science and Humanities studies and the principles of the interdisciplinary approach. The authors state the change of the critique vector – the transition from value-loaded political statements to scientific analysis of the objective factors determining social pathologies in education system. The situation today is characterized by the attempts to find and formulate an objectivated language to describe social reality. In particular, the researchers actively use the methodological potential of such concepts as “converted form”, “red tapes”, “Goodhart’s law”, “Thomas theorem” that are implemented as conceptual tools to comprehend and describe the specificity of educational system. The general meaning of the forming analytical strategy applied to education and science is that all the management actions are subject to “corrective” influence of these principles and laws. Within the framework of this approach critique of education (and the process of its reforming) is indivisible from the constructive analysis of education as a whole system with its immanent dimensions. This approach orients researchers towards studying the “ontological” and “essential” problems of education.
Diploma of Postgraduate Education Est Dissertation?
Authors: Bodrov A. V.
Published: August 2018

This article focuses on the problem of the relationship between the procedure for state final attestation in postgraduate study and the readiness of a thesis. The presence of contradictions in the normative legal acts of the Ministry of Education and Science of Russia, which regulate the issues of training scientific and pedagogical personnel in postgraduate study, was noted. The author suggests possible ways of solving the problem related to the preparation of scientific and qualification work and the completion of postgraduate study in the part of normative language in the educational standard. The offered formulation “scientific qualification work being prepared (Thesis)” orients the federal state educational standards towards “qualification”, which enables a greater number of postgraduates to get access to state final attestation.
JUDICIALIZAÇÃO DO DIREITO À SAÚDE E COMPORTAMENTO JURISPRUDENCIAL DO SUPREMO TRIBUNAL FEDERAL
Authors: Sousa Thanderson Pereira de , Jacob Juliana , Albuquerque Bruno Marques
Published: August 2018

A saúde ficou reconhecida na Constituição de 1988 como direito social, devendo ser implementada por intermédio de políticas sociais e econômicas. Nesse contexto o presente artigo aborda a judicialização da saúde no Brasil pós 88. Pretende-se analisar a possibilidade de o Judiciário efetivar o direito à saúde através da concretização de políticas públicas, identificando o entendimento que resta clarificado na jurisprudência do STF e o que isto revela no contexto brasileiro. A abordagem metodológica dos escritos é essencialmente qualitativa, apoiada em técnicas de pesquisa bibliográfica e documental. Do estudo realizado infere-se que o Poder Judiciário poderá concretizar o direito a saúde frente a omissão dos Poderes políticos responsáveis primariamente, restaurando a autoridade constitucional. A jurisprudência do Supremo é pacífica nesta orientação, podendo ser caracterizada por uma ação minimalista. Por último consigna-se que a tendência é que o Judiciário se torne ainda mais ativo dado a nova política fiscal do Estado.
CONCEITOS PARCELARES DA BOA FÉ OBJETIVA:
Authors: Franco Brenda Dutra , Franco Loren Dutra
Published: August 2018

Partindo da análise do princípio da boa-fé objetiva, o presente artigo descreve o significado da boa-fé no negócio jurídico, compara a diferença entre boa-fé objetiva e subjetiva, identifica seus deveres anexos como lealdade e transparência e destaca os conceitos parcelares e sua abrangência. Tem como objetivo principal a análise dos conceitos parcelares da supressio e da surrectio, que representam a perda e a conquista de direitos oriundos de negócios jurídicos. Foi feito um levantamento das diversas compreensões teóricas que norteiam o tema, por meio de investigação bibliográfica orientada pela metodologia jurídico-teórica. Como conclusão o artigo identificou uma correlação entre as figuras jurídicas da supressio e da surrectio, onde a perda do direito de um sujeito da relação obrigacional representa a aquisição, desse mesmo direito, pela outra parte.
Should the Treatment of Amyloidosis Be Personified? Molecular Mechanism of Amyloid Formation by Aβ Peptide and Its Fragments
Authors: Galzitskaya Oxana V. , Surin Alexey K. , Glyakina Anna V. , Rogachevsky Vadim V. , Selivanova Olga M.
Published: August 2018

Aβ40 and Aβ42 peptides are believed to be associated with Alzheimer’s disease. Aggregates (plaques) of Aβ fibrils are found in the brains of humans affected with this disease. The mechanism of formation of Aβ fibrils has not been studied completely, which hinders the development of a correct strategy for therapeutic prevention of this neurodegenerative disorder. It has been found that the most toxic samples upon generation of fibrils are different oligomeric formations. Based on different research methods used for studying amyloidogenesis of Aβ40 and Aβ42 peptides and its amyloidogenic fragments, we have proposed a new mechanism of formation of amyloid fibrils. In accord with this mechanism, the main building unit for fibril generation is a ring-like oligomer. Association of ring-like oligomers results in the formation of fibrils of different morphologies. Our model implies that to prevent development of Alzheimer’s disease a therapeutic intervention is required at the earliest stages of amyloidogenesis—at the stage of formation of ring-like oligomers. Therefore, the possibility of a personified approach for prevention not only of Alzheimer’s disease development but also of other neurodegenerative diseases associated with the formation of fibrils is argued.
Patterns of Regional Cerebral Blood Flow as a Function of Age Throughout the Lifespan
Authors: Amen Daniel G. , Egan Sachit , Meysami Somayeh , Raji Cyrus A. , George Noble
Published: August 2018

Background:

Understanding the influence of aging on the brain remains a challenge in determining its role as a risk factor for Alzheimer’s disease.

Objective:

To identify patterns of aging in a large neuroimaging cohort.

Methods:

A large psychiatric cohort of 31,227 individuals received brain SPECT at rest and during a concentration task for a total of 62,454 scans. ANOVA was done to identify the mean age trends over the course of the age range in this group, 0–105 years. A regression model in which brain SPECT regions of interest was used to predict chronological age (CA) was then utilized to derive brain estimated age (BEA). The difference between CA and BEA was calculated to determine increased brain aging in common disorders in our sample such as depression, dementia, substance use, and anxiety.

Results:

Throughout the lifespan, variations in perfusion were observed in childhood, adolescence, and late life. Increased brain aging was seen in alcohol use, cannabis use, anxiety, bipolar, schizophrenia, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, and in men.

Conclusion:

Brain SPECT can predict chronological age and this feature varies as a function of common psychiatric disorders.
Mastication and Oral Motor Function in McArdle Disease: Patient Reported Complaints
Authors: Kouwenberg C.V. , Voermans N.C. , Quinlivan R. , van den Engel-Hoek L.
Published: August 2018

Background:

Exertional myalgia and cramps of the limb and trunk muscles are typical in McArdle disease, but mastication and oral motor limitations have not been systematically investigated before.

Objective:

Determine the reported prevalence and characteristics of limitations on oral motor activities, mastication, swallowing, and other oral motor activities in patients with McArdle disease.

Methods:

An observational study was carried out in 28 patients using a standardised questionnaire on mastication and oral motor function.

Results:

57% of the participants reported difficulties with mastication. Muscle cramps during mastication occurred in 57% of the patients. A feeling that food remains in the throat occurred in 32%. Adaptations during mastication were needed in 42% of the patients. Mastication difficulties, muscle cramps during mastication and mastication adjustments were inversely correlated with age (r2 = – 0.445, p < 0.05; r2 = – 0.509, p < 0.01; r2 = – 0.456, p < 0.05). Feeling of food remaining in throat, cramps during mastication and during other oral motor muscle activities, were correlated with disease severity (r2 = 0.476, p < 0.01; r2 = 0.463, p < 0.01; r2 = 0.461, p < 0.01; r2 = 0.432, p < 0.05).

Conclusions:

In short, reported mastication difficulties are prevalent in people with McArdle disease, most frequently in younger people. Therefore, awareness of mastication and oral motor problems is required.
Effect of fluctuation of oxygenation and time spent in the target range on retinopathy of prematurity in extremely low birth weight infants
Authors: Das A. , Mhanna M. , Sears J. , Houdek J.W. , Kumar N. , Gunzler D. , Einstadter D. , Collin M.
Published: August 2018

BACKGROUND:

The association between saturation of peripheral oxygenation (SpO2) fluctuation and severity of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is well elucidated in extremely low birth weight (ELBW) infants. Time spent in the Target range of SpO2 is also associated with the severity of ROP.

METHODS:

In a prospective observational study, the SpO2 of all ELBW infants admitted to our unit were monitored for the first four weeks of life, and averaged every minute for analysis. The percent time spent at SpO2 <90%, 90–95%, and >95% and weekly SpO2 fluctuations [as SpO2 coefficient of variation (CoV)] were calculated.

RESULTS:

During the study period 21 infants had moderate to severe ROP and 35 infants served as controls. Infants with moderate to severe ROP were smaller and younger than their controls [676±124 grams vs. 796±148 grams ( p < 0.001); and 24.0±1.0 weeks vs. 25.0±1.7 weeks ( p < 0.001) respectively]. There were no significant differences in time spent in the 90–95% range between groups ( p = 0.66). However there was a significant increase in weekly SpO2 CoV in infants with moderate to severe ROP vs. controls ( p = 0.007).

CONCLUSION:

In ELBW infants, there was an association between SpO2 fluctuation during the first four weeks of life and severity of ROP, although, no association was established with time spent in the target range of SpO2.
Rheumatoid Art hritis: Monotherapy versus Combination Therapy
Authors: Sarkar Devendra Nath , Sarkar Devavrata , Alam SM Rowshan , Baset Md Abdul
Published: August 2018

Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disease characterized by joint destruction, disability and disability adjusted life years of a patient. Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment may improve outcome. Diseasemodifying anti-rheumatic drugs suppress the disease progression. Recent guidelines advise early and sustained use of disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs of which methotrexate (MTX) and sulfasalazine (SSZ) are the most frequently used. Both drugs are effective, cheap, available and well tolerable. Now days MTX and SSZ are used as monotherapy and in combination. Basically the outcomes of two combinations of drugs are multiplicative. One drug promotes the action of the other. In daily practice interactions are often not well studied when using combinations of Disease Modifying Anti-Rheumatic Drugs (DMARDs). The aim of this study is the use of combination of MTX and SSZ is frequently used in the therapy for RA and has been tested in several clinical trials globally.Medicine Today 2018 Vol.30(2): 89-94
Rammohun Roy: A Study of His Religious Views
Authors: Dev Milton Kumar
Published: August 2018

Abstract not availablePhilosophy and Progress, Vol#59-60-; No#1-2; Jan-Dec 2016
Diamond-based superhard composites: new synthesis approaches and application prospects
Authors: Filonenko V P , Zibrov I P , Anokhin A S , Kukueva E V
Published: August 2018

We discuss experimental results on high-pressure and high-temperature (HPHT) synthesis of diamond-like cubic boron nitride (cBN) and diamond with a high concentration of point defects. The presence of active fluids allows obtaining cBN with a carbon content up to 10%. The concentration of boron in the diamond lattice is about 2%, and that of vacancies is two times higher. The concentration and positions of substitution atoms were determined by the Rietveld refinement method. Diamond micropowder reactive sintering with fluid phases was used to synthesize new superhard composites. The microstructure and grain boundaries were investigated by transmission and scanning electron microscopy. Tests of the wear resistance of the new diamond–cBN composites demonstrated that these materials offer good prospects for various applications.
On regularities in the spontaneous formation of structural hierarchies in chiral systems of nonliving and living matter
Authors: Tverdislov V A , Malyshko E V
Published: August 2018

We review a general regularity concerned with the spontaneous formation of alternating-sign L–D hierarchies of chiral structures that are initially nonequilibrium due to homochirality. Mechanical, hydrodynamic, macromolecular, and liquid-crystal systems, as well as proteins and nucleic acids, are considered. Biomacromolecule chirality is related to the presence of an asymmetric carbon atom and, further, to the formation of helical and superhelical intra- and supramolecular structures. Chirality is a physical vehicle that generates stratification and folding in biological macromolecular systems. The hierarchies of alternating-sign chiral structures underlie the formation of a periodic molecular-biological system of cells.
Percentages, Relational Degrees, and Degree Constructions
Authors: Gobeski Adam , Morzycki Marcin
Published: August 2018

Comparatives and equatives are usually assumed to differ only in that comparatives require that one degree be greater than another, while equatives require that it be at least as great. Unexpectedly, though, the interpretation of percentage measure phrases differs fundamentally between the constructions. This curious asymmetry is, we suggest, revealing. It demonstrates that comparatives and equatives are not as similar as one might have thought. We propose an analysis of these facts in which the interpretation of percentage phrases follows straightforwardly from standard assumptions enriched with two additional ones: that percentage phrases denote ‘relational degrees’ (type ) and that the equative morpheme is uninterpreted.
The Scope of Reciprocal Degree Operators and Degree Pluralities
Authors: Hsieh I-Ta Chris
Published: August 2018

A degree sentence such as John and Mary are (un)equally tall conveysboth reciprocity and equivalence and hence are termed ‘reciprocal equatives’. Thispaper investigates this degree construction; building on Schwarz’s (2007) pioneerstudy, I suggest an account for this degree construction that covers a wider range ofdata. To the extent that the proposal is on the right track, it provides new support forbuilding in plurality in the domain of degrees, an idea that has been put forward byBeck (2010, 2014) and Dotlaˇcil & Nouwen (2016).
Complex connectives
Authors: Murray Sarah
Published: August 2018

This paper discusses the interpretation and analysis of several sentential connectives found in Cheyenne (Algonquian), drawing on the author’s fieldwork as well as several collections of texts. Coordinating connectives in English, including and, but, and or, are monomorphemic. In Cheyenne, the basic form used for conjunction is naa. Other connectives are morphologically complex, formed by combining naa with additional morphemes, all of which have independent uses. These complex connectives, and certain uses of naa alone, are challenges for a compositional, truth-functional analysis. In particular, though disjunction is logically weaker than conjunction, two forms for disjunction – naa matȯ=héva and naa mó=héá'e – each contain the conjunction naa. Several recent analyses of similar data argue the basic element is not true conjunction. However, the data in these languages differ from Cheyenne in crucial ways. Building on these analyses, and other work on the semantics of disjunction, this paper proposes an analysis of the Cheyenne connectives that preserves naa as conjunction. Specifically, naa is analyzed as dynamic conjunction, and different from English and in important ways.
Disks around T Tauri Stars with SPHERE (DARTTS-S). I. SPHERE/IRDIS Polarimetric Imaging of Eight Prominent T Tauri Disks*
Authors: Avenhaus Henning , Quanz Sascha P. , Garufi Antonio , Perez Sebastian , Casassus Simon , Pinte Christophe , Bertrang Gesa H.-M. , Caceres Claudio , Benisty Myriam , Dominik Carsten
Published: August 2018

We present the first part of our Disks ARound T Tauri Stars with SPHERE (DARTTS-S) survey: observations of eight T Tauri stars that were selected based on their strong (sub)millimeter excesses using SPHERE/IRDIS polarimetric differential imaging in the J and H bands. All observations successfully detect the disks, which appear vastly different in size, from ≈80 au in scattered light to >400 au, and display total polarized disk fluxes between 0.06% and 0.89% of the stellar flux. For five of these disks, we are able to determine the three-dimensional structure and the flaring of the disk surface, which appears to be relatively consistent across the different disks, with flaring exponents α between ≈1.1 and ≈1.6. We also confirm literature results with regard to the inclination and position angle of several of our disks and are able to determine which side is the near side of the disk in most cases. While there is a clear trend of disk mass with stellar ages (≈1 to >10 Myr), no correlations of disk structures with age were found. There are also no correlations with either stellar mass or submillimeter flux. We do not detect significant differences between the J and H bands. However, we note that while a high fraction (7/8) of the disks in our sample show ring-shaped substructures, none of them display spirals, in contrast to the disks around more massive Herbig Ae/Be stars, where spiral features are common.
The Halo Masses of Galaxies to z ∼ 3: A Hybrid Observational and Theoretical Approach
Authors: Conselice Christopher J. , Twite Jonathan W. , Palamara David P. , Hartley William
Published: August 2018

We use a hybrid observational/theoretical approach to study the relation between galaxy kinematics and the derived stellar and halo masses of galaxies up to z = 3 as a function of stellar mass, redshift, and morphology. Our observational sample consists of a concatenation of 1125 galaxies with kinematic measurements at 0.4 < z < 3 from long-slit and integral field studies. We investigate several ways to measure halo masses from observations based on results from semi-analytical models, showing that galaxy halo masses can be retrieved with a scatter of ∼0.4 dex by using only stellar masses. We discover a third parameter, relating to the time of the formation of the halo, that reduces the scatter in the relation between the stellar and halo masses such that systems forming earlier have a higher stellar mass–to–halo mass ratio, which we also find observationally. We find that this scatter correlates with morphology such that early-type or older stellar systems have higher M
*/M
halo ratios. We furthermore show, using this approach and through weak lensing and abundance matching, that the ratio of stellar to halo mass does not significantly evolve with redshift at 1 < z < 3. This is evidence for the regulated hierarchical assembly of galaxies such that the ratio of stellar to dark matter mass remains approximately constant since z = 2. We use these results to show that the dark matter accretion rate evolves from dM
halo/d
t ∼ 4000

yr−1 at z ∼ 2.5 to a few 100

yr−1 by z ∼ 0.5.