bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Avaliação dos gastos com pessoal nos municípios do estado do Ceará
Authors: Coutinho Lara Beatriz Lima , Almeida Ana Luisa Alves , Souza Jackeline Lucas
Published: February 2025

Este estudo tem por objetivo avaliar os impactos dos gastos com pessoal nos municípios do estado do Ceará decorrentes da pandemia covid-19.  A metodologia é qualitativo-quantitativa, aplicada nos 184 municípios do estado do Ceará, nos anos de 2018 a 2023, segmentando-o em pré-pandêmico (2018-2019), pandêmico (2020-2022) e pós-pandêmico (2023), com os dados da Receita Corrente Líquida (RCL), Gastos com Pessoal (GP) e os Percentuais de Gastos com Pessoal (PGP), avaliando os limites da LRF (Limite de Alerta, Prudencial e Máximo). Os resultados apontaram descontrole no período pré-pandêmico quanto aos limites, embora esses índices tenham reduzido de 2018 para 2019; no período pandêmico (em 2020 e 2021) os percentuais aumentaram; e, no pós-pandêmico, houve equilíbrio nos limites. Com os métodos quantitativos, concluiu-se a relação inversa entre RCL e PGP, e, ao estudar habitantes nas menores cidades, observou-se relação inversa entre as variáveis Habit x PGP e PGP x RCL.
Liderança ética e seu efeito na orientação para o cliente dos cuidadores formais em ILPIs no Rio Grande do Sul/Brasil
Authors: Etges Miriam Teresa , Rodrigues Charles Ysaacc da Silva
Published: February 2025

Esta investigação busca verificar o impacto da liderança ética no cuidador formal de idosos com relação à sua orientação para o cliente e o efeito moderador da inteligência emocional nesta relação. Este estudo é exploratório e com alcance descritivo correlacional explicativo. Uma amostra pareada de 277 cuidadores e 277 idosos brasileiros, trabalhadores e pacientes em 29 Ilpi’s. Foram desenvolvidos dois questionários estruturados: um para cuidadores e outro para idosos. Os dados foram coletados de 29 Ilpi’s. Identificamos uma influência positiva da liderança ética nas atitudes dos cuidadores, favorecendo sua orientação para o cliente. O efeito moderador da inteligência emocional favorece a melhoria do cuidado, podendo resultar em maior satisfação com a qualidade do atendimento na Ilpi. A liderança ética favorece a gestão bem-sucedida das ILPs, aumentando a orientação para o cliente e fornece pistas para estabelecer uma melhor causalidade e uma cadeia de efeitos entre a liderança e os resultados relacionados aos idosos.
Ethical Practices in Dentistry: Call for Bioethics Education and Collective Action
Authors: Ehsan Afifa , Raza Ali
Published: February 2025

doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.41.3.11907
How to cite this: Ehsan A, Raza A . Ethical Practices in Dentistry: Call for Bioethics Education and Collective Action. Pak J Med Sci. 2025;41(3):641-642. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.41.3.11907
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Effect of ERAS-Based Rapid Bladder Irrigation on TURP and HoLEP in the Treatment of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia
Authors: An Shuhui , Yang Haoxuan , Meng Qingsong
Published: February 2025

Objective: To explore the positive effect of rapid bladder irrigation in postoperative BPH patients by collecting and analyzing the efficacy and complications of TURP and HoLEP treatments for patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) under ERAS care.
Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 197 BPH patients undergoing surgical treatment at the Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University from April 2022 to February 2024. All patients received rapid bladder irrigation under ERAS care, which involves flushing the bladder with a larger volume of saline solution in a shorter time postoperatively compared to conventional bladder irrigation care. Afterward, clinical data and postoperative irrigation indicators for each group were collected and analyzed.
Results: Patients in the T1 group were observed with larger prostate volume, longer operation time, and more intraoperative blood loss than those in the T2 group, but with shorter duration of indwelling urinary catheters, shorter irrigation time, and shorter hospital stays (P<0.05). Meanwhile, the H1 group saw lower mean irrigation volume and shorter irrigation time than the H2 group. Differences were found between the T1 and H1 groups in terms of mean irrigation volume and irrigation time (P<0.05), Additionally, patients in the T2 group had lower prostate volume than those in the H2 group, with differences in mean irrigation volume and irrigation time (P<0.05).
Conclusion: ERAS concept complements rapid bladder irrigation, which shortens the time to self-care recovery and discharge, thereby facilitating faster postoperative recovery for BPH patients.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.41.3.9751
How to cite this: An S, Yang H, Meng Q. Effect of ERAS-Based Rapid Bladder Irrigation on TURP and HoLEP in the Treatment of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia. Pak J Med Sci. 2025;41(3):693-698. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.41.3.9751
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Εκτίμηση συναρτήσεων ζημιάς και ελέγχου ρυπαντών για καθορισμό αποτελεσματικών πολιτικών επίλυσης περιβαλλοντικών προβλημάτων
Authors: Κίτσου Δήμητρα
Published: February 2025

Ο προσδιορισμός του “αρίστου” επιπέδου προστασίας του περιβάλλοντος βασίζεται στην αρχή της μεγιστοποίησης του καθαρού οφέλους που προκύπτει από τον περιορισμό ή την εξάλειψη της ρύπανσης. Για το σωστό προσδιορισμό του επιπέδου προστασίας του περιβάλλοντος οι ζημιές που προκαλεί η ρύπανση πρέπει να προσδιοριστούν με πληρότητα ώστε να εκτιμηθεί με επάρκεια το όφελος. Στόχος πάντα είναι η επίτευξη μιας άριστης λύσης κατά Pareto. Με αυτή την εκπόνηση της διδακτορικής διατριβής θα προσπαθήσουμε να καθορίσουμε το βέλτιστο επίπεδο ρύπανσης κάτω από τις υποθέσεις των γραμμικών, δευτεροβάθμιων και εκθετικών συνάρτησης του κόστους ζημίας και ελέγχου. Το σημείο της τομής τους, θα αντιπροσωπεύει το άριστο επίπεδο. Θα υποθέσουμε ότι οι καμπύλες αλληλεπιδρούν, δημιουργώντας την περιοχή, που θα την ονομάσουμε ‘άριστη’. Θα αποδείξουμε ότι αυτή η αλληλεπίδραση δεν είναι πάντα αποδεκτή, χρησιμοποιώντας τρεις περιπτώσεις ανά συνάρτηση οριακού κόστους και ζημίας καθώς και τους συνδυασμούς τους. Θα εξετάσουμε επίσης πως αυτή η σημαντική περιοχή μπορεί να αξιολογηθεί, χρησιμοποιώντας έναν δείκτη, σε περίπτωση όπου διαφορετικές περιοχές προστεθούν, υιοθετώντας διαφορετικά ανταγωνιστικά μοντέλα και πολιτικές από εκείνα που εκφράζονται από τις καμπύλες κόστους και κέρδους. Πριν καταλήξουμε λοιπόν σε οποιαδήποτε απόφαση θα πρέπει να βάλουμε ως στόχο μια νέα περιβαλλοντική πολιτική η οποία θα έχει σκοπό το βέλτιστο επίπεδο της περιβαλλοντικής ρύπανσης.Ως εκ τούτου, προτείνουμε την φορολογία ως οικονομικό μέσο για την προστασία του περιβάλλοντος. Για αυτό εισαγάγαμε τον σταθμισμένο διαφοροποιημένο φόρο απόστασης. Ένα φόρο που διαφοροποιείται ανάλογα με το «επίπεδο της απόστασης" από το κέντρο της ρύπανσης. Πόσο μακριά δηλαδή από της πηγή συγκέντρωσης της ρύπανσης η περιοχή έχει μολυνθεί.
Fourth-Grader and Mathematics: Mastering the Subject Within the Framework of the Requirements of the Current Standard
Authors: Rydze Oxana
Published: February 2025

The peculiarity of teaching mathematics in the fourth grade is that it is necessary to prepare the primary school student for the transition to the basic school. It depends on the teacher how successfully the student subsequently adapts to the educational process in the fifth grade. In this regard, the teacher in the fourth grade faces several tasks: to ensure that students achieve the planned results (personal, subject, meta-subject) in accordance with the requirements of the standard, to create conditions for a smooth transition to the basic school. The article considers the areas of work of the teacher to solve these problems. Examples of multi-level tasks are given, as well as tasks for the formation of fourth-graders’ ability to predict as a self-control operation.
Fundamentals of anti-corruption
Authors: Shamanskiy Dmitriy
Published: February 2025

The textbook discusses important issues of combating corruption in the Russian Federation. The approved scientific and practical materials are presented.
It provides an overview of the signs, essence and diversity of corruption, its determinants and causes, as well as effective measures to combat it.
The current resolutions of the Plenum of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation and legal acts as of May 31, 2024 were used.
Meets the requirements of the latest generation of federal state educational standards for higher education.
For teachers, law enforcement officers and other practitioners, as well as for students of all forms of education and training areas.
Fomentar ecosistemas de emprendimiento: la suma de esfuerzos desde el caso de ValleImpacta
Authors: Cuero Acosta Yonni Ángel , Velandia Sánchez Juliana , Bello Pinto César Andrés , D’Amato Gutiérrez Adriana , Díaz Lenis Ana María , Ortiz Gómez María José , Hernández Zapata María Isabel
Published: February 2025

En este capítulo se cimienta la visión del emprendimiento y el concepto de ecosistema de emprendimiento. Se plantea que el emprendimiento requiere un ambiente que sea promotor, auspiciador e impulsador, es decir, que facilite el surgimiento, la consolidación y el crecimiento de las empresas. En este sentido, es necesario resaltar que el ecosistema de emprendimiento está relacionado con una región o zona específica, ya que cada territorio tiene sus propias características y recursos. Por lo anterior, se presenta el caso de ValleImpacta, un programa de escalamiento empresarial en la región del Valle del Cauca, como un ejemplo exitoso de creación y desarrollo de un ecosistema de emprendimiento con impacto nacional e internacional. Existe todo un vasto cuerpo teórico alrededor del concepto, y dicho acerbo analiza el ecosistema de emprendimiento en dimensiones como la política, las finanzas, la cultura, el soporte, el capital humano y el mercado para fomentar el emprendimiento. El tomar el caso particular de ValleImpacta, permite arrojar no solamente nuevas ideas conceptuales, sino también evidencia cómo el desarrollo de un ecosistema de emprendimiento precisa todo un entramado de relaciones, conexiones entre actores y, particularmente, entidades capaces de auspiciar, acompañar y fortalecer el emprendimiento como fenómeno.
Ruta de Innovación y Emprendimiento Junior para jóvenes de comunidades vulnerables: enfoque STEAM y desarrollo de competencias
Authors: Daraviña Ruiz Karol , Cardona Q Jesús David
Published: February 2025

Este capítulo presenta la Ruta de Innovación y Emprendimiento Junior dirigida a jóvenes de comunidades vulnerables con un enfoque en science, technology, engineering, arts and mathematics (STEAM) y competencias del siglo XXI. Destaca la importancia de la educación y los ecosistemas de ciencia, tecnología e innovación (CTI) para catalizar oportunidades creativas. Se exploran lecciones aprendidas, haciendo hincapié en la preparación de recursos y la adaptación de herramientas. Se enfatiza la comprensión de modos de vida sostenibles y la colaboración como fundamentales para proyectos críticos y creativos, atendiendo a la sostenibilidad humana y ambiental. La metodología se centra en la formación de docentes, cruciales en cada etapa. Promueve la comprensión profunda de STEAM, competencias del siglo xxi y herramientas tecnológicas. Se incorpora una herramienta de monitoreo con cuestionarios previos y posteriores para evaluar el progreso. El programa culmina en un evento en el que los jóvenes presentan soluciones, intercambian experiencias y reciben retroalimentación. A pesar de mejoras en liderazgo, trabajo en equipo y autocontrol, destaca la deserción, especialmente entre participantes femeninas. Las conclusiones resaltan la importancia de la educación en innovación y emprendimiento, fomentando una mentalidad sostenible. Se enfatiza en la adaptación de la metodología a cada grupo y el respaldo local para garantizar la sostenibilidad y el impacto comunitario.
Ecosistema empresarial y social con enfoque diferencial y de género en Cali
Authors: Bravo García Saulo , Castaño Cárdenas Germán , Martínez Lizarralde Mercedes
Published: February 2025

Este capítulo se constituye en una reflexión que surge a partir de la mirada abarcadora frente a la realidad que convoca el territorio colombiano y más aún el Valle del Cauca y específicamente Cali con respecto al fortalecimiento del emprendimiento y el desarrollo empresarial y social, que pretende dar sentido al desarrollo y la reactivación económica posterior a la pandemia de covid-19, a través de acciones enfocadas en las necesidades de orden social ligadas con la gestión para la estabilidad y la economía local, que se materializaron con un proyecto de ciudad denominado Cali Emprende. Dado que el emprendimiento se constituye en la base del desarrollo, el crecimiento y la dinamización de la economía, se establece como punto de reflexión desafiar tanto los negocios establecidos como la idea de gestar nuevas propuestas de valor innovadoras que le apuesten a la integración social.
Warnings on mandatory reporting
Authors: Hayes Derren
Published: February 2025

Government plan for mandatory reporting of abuse could “overwhelm” the system, say leaders
CHILDHOOD TRAUMA
Authors: Hayes Derren
Published: February 2025

Levels of childhood trauma are rising following the pandemic and cost-of-living crisis, leading to policymakers and providers developing new approaches to support vulnerable young people
En acto : Escenarios, miradas y repertorios de una actriz transatlántica
Authors: Dornelles Alejandra Aguilar
Published: February 2025

Abstract: This essay examines the autobiographical narrative of Lucinda Simões (1850–1928), Memórias: factos e impressões (1922), to explore the configuration of scenarios of self-definition and empowerment in her process of becoming a transatlantic icon. Simões was a famous actress, theater director, and entrepreneur, who for more than 30 years traveled through Europe and Latin America staging controversial pieces, such as Le Demi-Monde, Teresa Raquin , and Casa da Boneca . Analyzing the development of an observant subjectivity linked to her constant movement in the pursuit of new and challenging repertoires, this essay points to the political value of itinerancy for women that aspired to assume active roles in culture and society. By representing herself as a lucid and powerful observer, Simões created a series of scenarios in which she appeared in full control of her experience, but also as a crucial actor in the transatlantic cultural scenery. Even transitory and unstable, these performances of empowerment, alongside her distinctive enunciation, raised questions regarding traditional gender roles and proposed new repertoires of professionalism and self-definition for women.
Almanac Time and Growing Older in Andrew Marvell's Mower Poems
Authors: Summerfield Margaret
Published: February 2025

Abstract: This article reads the violence exhibited by the Mower Damon of Andrew Marvell's Mower poems as a sign of the urgency Damon feels as he enters the prime of his life without the milestones to show for it. By examining the poems' references to seasonal change alongside the folk wisdom of contemporary almanacs, this article shows that July—when Damon labors—was understood in early modern England as an analogy for mature manhood. While Damon has attained this age, he lacks the means to secure a stable future either economically or reproductively, which causes him to feel out of sync with the rhythms of nature.
Research on the influence factors of radial velocity based on a coherent-dispersion spectrometer
Authors: Chen ShaSha , Wu Yinhua , Wang Pengchong , Geng Yi , Zhou Zhanrong , Shen Xiaofang , Gao Yang , Zhang Guoqing
Published: February 2025

High precision extrasolar planet detection based on the radial velocity (RV) method has important scientific significance for studying planet formation, galaxy evolution, and exploring the origin of life and extraterrestrial civilizations. The asymmetric common-path coherent-dispersion spectrometer (CODES) has great potential in the field of exoplanet detection due to its high stability and high throughput. However, the non-ideal characteristics of the telescope and limitation of the detector resolution will cause the problem of uneven distribution of received starlight intensity and the sub-pixel Doppler shift. These problems will affect the inversion precision of the RV. To solve these problems effectively, this paper first determines the optimal optical path difference (OPD) and detector sampling of the optical system through theoretical simulation. Then, based on these parameters, the influence of interference envelope caused by uneven distribution of intensity and sub-pixel Doppler shift on RV are discussed. A method of alleviating sub-pixel Doppler shift by extracting interference information of absorption/emission line based on the 3σ rule with small sampling is also studied. Finally, an improved empirical mode decomposition (EMD) interference envelope removal method based on extrapolation interpolation is proposed. The simulation results indicate that the absolute errors of the RV obtained based on the absorption line and emission line are 0.32 m/s and 0.24 m/s, and the root mean squared error (RMSE) is 0.56 m/s and 0.14 m/s, respectively. This method effectively solves the problems caused by sub-pixel Doppler shift and uneven distribution of intensity, and significantly improves the accuracy of RV. Furthermore, it establishes a crucial foundation for investigating galaxy evolution and exploring the origin of life.
Objektorientierte Softwareentwicklung mit Generativer KI – Experimentelle Case Study zu Prompting Strategien mit GPT-4
Authors: Paech Andreas
Published: February 2025

Diese Studie untersucht die Anwendung und Effektivität von GPT‑4 im Bereich der objektorientierten Softwareentwicklung zur Generierung von funktionalem und qualitativ hochwertigem Code. In den experimentellen Fallstudien wurde GPT‑4 mit zunehmend komplexen Programmieraufgaben betraut. Der erste Fall, ein auf Java basierendes Studentenverwaltungssystem, demonstrierte die Fähigkeit von GPT‑4, strukturierten, funktionalen Code als Reaktion auf spezifische Prompts zu generieren. Es zeigte jedoch auch die Notwendigkeit für präzise, kontextreiche Prompts auf, um wartbare und qualitativ hochwertige Softwarelösungen zu erstellen. Im zweiten Fall, das Spiel „Snake“, produzierte GPT‑4 anfangs allgemeine Ansätze und Pseudocode und benötigte iteratives Prompting und Fehleranalyse, um ein funktionierendes Spiel zu entwickeln. Dieser Fall unterstrich die Grenzen von GPT‑4 bei der Bewältigung komplexer Programmieraufgaben ohne detaillierte Anleitung. Die Ergebnisse dieser Studien deuten darauf hin, dass GPT‑4 ein wertvolles Werkzeug in der Softwareentwicklung sein kann, wenn Prompting-Strategien mit einem tiefen Verständnis der Prinzipien der Softwareentwicklung kombiniert werden. Jedoch wird die Notwendigkeit menschlicher Expertise bei kritischen Entscheidungen und komplexen Designaufgaben hervorgehoben. Das Papier schließt mit einer Diskussion über die Integration von generativer KI in Techniken und Methoden des Software-Engineerings und die ethischen Implikationen von Verzerrungen, die in den Antworten von GPT‑4 beobachtet wurden. Diese Studie trägt zum Verständnis des Potenzials und der Grenzen generativer KI in der Softwareentwicklung bei und unterstreicht die anhaltende Notwendigkeit menschlicher Aufsicht und Expertise in diesem Bereich.
Introducing the Spemann-Mangold organizer: experiments and insights that generated a key concept in developmental biology.
Authors: Sander K , Faessler P E
Published: February 2025

The "organizer paper", published by Hans Spemann and Hilde Mangold in 1924, initiated a new epoch in developmental biology. Also it marked the climax of Spemann's life-long research which began at the end of the nineteenth century. This introduction retraces some of the steps by which Spemann arrived at the organizer concept: The problem of amphibian lens induction including the so-called lens controversy, the early constriction experiments creating double headed malformations, and the homeo- and heteroplastic transplantations during gastrula stages of the newt. Furthermore this paper will--based on historical documents--repudiate some objections raised to the contribution of Spemann and Hilde Mangold to the discovery and interpretation of the organizer effect.
Regulation of convergent extension in Xenopus by Wnt5a and Frizzled-8 is independent of the canonical Wnt pathway.
Authors: Wallingford J B , Vogeli K M , Harland R M
Published: February 2025

The Wnt signaling pathway is increasingly recognized as a highly branched signaling network. Experimental uncoupling of the different branches of this pathway has proven difficult, as many single components are shared downstream by multiple, distinct pathways. In this report, we demonstrate that the upstream Wnt antagonists Xwnt5a and Nxfz-8, which inhibit normal morphogenetic movements during Xenopus gastrulation, act independently of the canonical Wnt signaling pathway. This finding is important, as it highlights the promiscuity of upstream Wnt signaling components and further establishes an important role for non-canonical Wnt signaling in Xenopus morphogenesis.
The avian organizer.
Authors: Boettger T , Knoetgen H , Wittler L , Kessel M
Published: February 2025

The development of avian embryos is characterized by the large amount of yolk present from the one-cell stage until late phases of organogenesis. In the chick, an axis of bilateral symmetry is established already before egg laying, when the egg rotates in the uterus. There is evidence for an active Wnt-catenin pathway in the vegetal cells in the periphery of the multi-cellular embryo. It overlaps with the posteriorly restricted expression of genes characterizing the vegetal hemisphere in amphibia. The zone of overlap bears several functional characteristics of a Nieuwkoop center, which is first apparent in the posterior marginal zone, but continues into the early primitive streak. Only the anterior part of the late streak is capable of direct neural induction, and only its tip, Hensen's node, can induce an anterior neural identity. This latter activity leaves the node together with the cells representing the anterior mesendoderm. Thus, although the constraints and dynamics of avian development make comparisons with the amphibian situation a complex undertaking, Hensen's node comes as close as possible to an organizer in Spemann and H. Mangold's definition.
Contrasting influences of the organizer and induction concepts on the scientific activity of French embryologists.
Authors: Beetschen J C , Duprat A M
Published: February 2025

Unlike biologists from several European countries, most French embryologists did not work from the onset on problems associated with the Spemann-Mangold organizer, though they were fully aware of the importance of the discovery. They preferred to stay on other original topics, but their later work was of course influenced by the induction concepts. The exploration of secondary inductions in various organ formations was flourishing after 1950. As far as primary induction is concerned, two exceptions must be stressed: Vintemberger, who, before World War II, worked on the frog organizer for a few years, and especially Capuron (1968), who repeated Spemann and Mangold's fundamental experiment on a large scale. Then, from 1980 on, a series of studies dealing with the neural induction concept focused on studies of the gastrula ectoderm itself, was undertaken, mainly in Toulouse University by Duprat and her colleagues, and in Paris-6 University by Boucaut and his colleagues.
Stimulation of tenascin expression in mesenchyme by epithelial-mesenchymal interactions.
Authors: Ekblom P , Aufderheide E
Published: February 2025

Tenascin is an extracellular matrix glycoprotein with an unusually restricted tissue distribution in the developing embryo. The protein was independently discovered by several investigators, and has been given many different names. Synonyms of tenascin include cytotactin, J1, hexabrachion and glioma-mesenchymal extracellular matrix antigen. Whereas fibronectin is expressed rather uniformly in matrices of embryonic mesenchyme, tenascin is found in the mesenchyme at sites of epithelial-mesenchymal interactions. Tenascin is thus found close to epithelial basement membranes but it is probably not an integral basement membrane component. The distribution suggests that developing epithelial cells may produce locally active factors that stimulate tenascin synthesis in the nearby mesenchyme. Tenascin is composed of disulfide-bonded subunits of approximate Mr between 200-280 kD. Using monoclonal antibodies to mouse tenascin, we find two major subunits of Mr 260 and 200 kD from mouse fibroblasts. Work from many laboratories suggests that the different subunits arise by differential splicing of one mRNA. Rotary shadowing electron microscopy of the intact molecule suggests a six-armed structure connected by a central region. However, the different subunits are not co-ordinately expressed during embryogenesis, suggesting that tenascin can exist as different isoforms. The different isoforms may serve distinct functions. The function of tenascin is not well known, but it has been suggested that it alters the adhesive properties of cells and causes cell rounding.
Studies on the effect of monoamine antagonists on the morphogenesis of the newt.
Authors: Hamalainen M , Kohonen J
Published: February 2025

The effects of three monoamine antagonists, p-chlorophenylalanine, diethyldithiocarbamate and propranolol on the morphogenesis of newt embryos were studied. Antagonists were administered during late blastula through neurula stages. In a concentration of 1 mM, all three arrested gastrulation and caused disintegration of the embryos. Lower concentrations (0.1-0.5 mM) retarded morphogenetic movements in the gastrulation and caused malformations especially in the anterior parts of the embryos; pigmentation was delayed by 1 or 2 days. In addition, p-CIPhe inhibited yolk granule degradation in the notochord and DEDTC caused notochordal hypertrophy. The results show that interference with synthesis or action of catecholamines and serotonin affects morphogenesis. With the methods used it is not possible to discover exactly how monoamines regulate the morphogenetic events because of the unspecific side effects of the antagonists and the feedback interactions between the monoamines.
On the role of calcium during chemotactic signalling and differentiation of the cellular slime mould Dictyostelium discoideum.
Authors: Malchow D , Mutzel R , Schlatterer C
Published: February 2025

Transient cytosolic calcium elevations are required for chemotaxis and differentiation of Dictyostelium discoideum since Ca2+ chelating buffers introduced into the cells by scrape loading inhibited motility as well as orientation in a Ca2+ specific manner. Ca2+ changes are provided either by intrinsic cytosolic Ca2+ oscillations that can be determined as periodic Ca2+ efflux, or by receptor-mediated Ca2+ liberation from the InsP3-sensitive store and Ca2+ influx. Cytosolic Ca2+ homeostasis as well as oscillations seem to be regulated by two different Ca2+ stores, the acidosomes and the InsP3-sensitive store, both of which are dependent on Ca2+ pumps and V-type H+ ATPases. Ca2+ transients are sensed by calmodulin-binding proteins. The latter have been detected in Dictyostelium by 125I-calmodulin labeling. A calmodulin-dependent protein phosphatase, calcineurin A, was cloned, sequenced, purified and characterized biochemically. Overproduction of calcineurin A as well as antisense constructs will help to the elucidation of its function in signal transduction. Surprisingly, protein synthesis is also controlled by Ca2+/calmodulin. An integral ribosomal protein of the 60S subunit, L19, proved to be a calmodulin-binding protein and calmodulin antagonists of different classes, inhibited in vitro translation of Dictyostelium and wheat germ extracts.
Cell lineage and cell fate in crustacean embryos--a comparative approach.
Authors: Scholtz G , Dohle W
Published: February 2025

Malacostracan crustaceans undergo a complex and stereotyped cleavage pattern during formation of and segmentation in their post-naupliar germ band. This pattern has been studied in several malacostracan representatives with respect to morphogenesis and expression of the engrailed gene. Although this cell lineage pattern is specific and invariant in each species, comparative analyses reveal subtle differences between different parts of individual germ bands and between germ bands of different species. We conclude that despite the elaborate cleavage pattern, cell fate specification is not closely linked to cell lineage. Furthermore, some aspects of the evolutionary alterations of germ band formation and segmentation in annelids and arthropods are discussed.
Neural crest cell migration and pigment pattern formation in urodele amphibians.
Authors: Epperlein H H , Lofberg J , Olsson L
Published: February 2025

This review deals with research on the development and differentiation of the neural crest (NC) in amphibians carried out during the past twenty years. First, earlier studies on the migration and differentiation of NC cells in vitro are summarized. These studies include the modes of NC cell migration and their differentiation into chondroblasts, perichondral cells, neurons, Schwann cells and pigment cells (melanophores and xanthophores). Then a summary is given on the development of cranial sensory ganglia and enteric ganglia in Xenopus laevis. In the subsequent sections, mechanisms of NC cell migration are investigated in Ambystoma mexicanum, the Mexican axolotl (wild-type and white mutant) using ultrastructural, immunohistochemical and biochemical methods. In wild-type or dark axolotl embryos, pigment cells leave the NC and migrate out under the epidermis, whereas in the white mutant, pigment cells remain closely confined to the original position of the NC. This system provides an excellent model for analyzing NC cell migration in vertebrate embryos. Further sections deal with the development of larval pigment patterns in Triturus alpestris, (horizontal melanophore stripes) and Ambystoma mexicanum (vertical melanophore bars). Comparing the formation of these patterns shows that two different principles exist in the distribution of pigment derivatives of the NC: patterns following environmental cues (Triturus) and those ignoring these cues, relying solely on cell-cell interactions (Ambystoma). Other studies relate to evolutionary perspectives in pigment pattern formation. They are based on phylogenetic analyses of North American ambystomatids, combined with data on pigment patterns and their formation where such data are available. These studies have shown that vertical bars which develop from aggregates in the NC string are an evolutionary innovation, compared to the more primitive horizontal stripes lacking aggregates in the NC. Thus, in this review we show that the NC of amphibians (T. alpestris, Xenopus laevis, dark and white axolotls and other ambystomatids) may be used for various analyses concerning the migration and differentiation of its derivatives, as well as for studies on the formation and evolution of pigment patterns.
Zinc finger proteins in early Xenopus development.
Authors: Hollemann T , Bellefroid E , Stick R , Pieler T
Published: February 2025

The C2H2-type zinc finger motif defines a large super family of specific DNA and specific RNA binding proteins. Individual members of this protein family have been demonstrated to carry important regulatory functions in embryogenesis. We have isolated a large collection of C2H2-type zinc finger proteins from Xenopus laevis. Some of these proteins are highly conserved in evolution and found to be differentially expressed during embryonic development of the central nervous system. We also summarize our recent findings on the biochemical characterization of RNA and DNA binding activities in vitro for other Xenopus zinc finger proteins, which fall into structurally defined, distinct subfamilies.
Epithelial cell polarity and embryo implantation in mammals.
Authors: Thie M , Fuchs P , Denker H W
Published: February 2025

At embryo implantation we are confronted with the fact that uterine and trophoblast epithelium make contact via their apical cell membranes. This epithelium-epithelium adhesion leading to definitive attachment of the embryo to the uterine wall, however, is far from being trivial and has been called a cell biological paradox. It has been proposed that some of the molecular events involved in epithelium-to-mesenchyme transformation might play a role in the interaction between uterine cells and trophoblast. As a mechanism to achieve uterine epithelium adhesiveness for trophoblast it is postulated that uterine cells partially modulate their epithelial phenotype. Data from recent in vitro experiments give support to this hypothesis and suggest that loss of apical-basal cell polarity might prepare the apical cell pole of uterine epithelium for cell-to-cell contact with trophoblast in vivo.
Metabolism of oocyte construction and the generation of histospecificity in the cleaving egg. Lessons from nereid annelids.
Authors: Fischer A , Dorresteijn A W , Hoeger U
Published: February 2025

The growing oocyte and the developing egg of nereid polychaetes are easily accessible to observation and experimental work, a precondition for our research. In preparation for a single semelparous act of reproduction, nereid females reutilize somatic biomass for the synchronized production of numerous oocytes. To keep oogenesis going somatic resources become recycled by the eleocytes and are supplied to the oocytes in form of vitellogenin and nucleotides (among other identified and yet unidentified substances). Both oocytes and eleocytes are free-floating coelomic cells. We postulate that availability of metabolites produced by the eleocytes might suffice to drive synchronous oocyte growth. The cortex of the fully differentiated oocyte contains numerous cortical granules which after fertilization empty by exocytosis thus causing a profound structural reorganization of the zygote cortex. Early development of nereids is extremely constant in time and spatial pattern and from the onset cleavages create diversity among the blastomeres. We have documented a correlation between the quality and amount of cytoplasm, the cell cycle duration and the histogenetic fate of such blastomeres. Experimental change of cytoplasmic proportions of early cleavage cells has serious consequences for axial development. Using a number of differentiation markers we were able to analyze the necessity of certain cleavage steps for the acquisition of the determined state.
The use of fluorescent marker dyes for studying intercellular communication in nematode embryos.
Authors: Bossinger O , Schierenberg E
Published: February 2025

As more and more cases of necessary cell-cell interactions are revealed, the classical view of mosaic development in nematodes has to be replaced by a more dynamic picture showing different types of intercellular communication. To investigate the pattern and function of communication pathways between cells, we have developed different techniques to shunt fluorescent marker dyes into embryos and hatched animals and study their distribution in vivo. During embryogenesis we find that for a long time all somatic cells form a single dye-coupling compartment while transfer into the germline is restricted already at an early stage. Considerable variations between species with respect to the size of communication channels and the time during which these are functional are observed and can be correlated to differences in the developmental program. A different kind of intracellular communication can be visualized with the help of fluorescent dyes: a transfer of yolk proteins in two phases of the life cycle, in the adult hermaphrodite from the gut into the maturing germ cells, and in the embryo from non-gut cells into the gut primordium. Cell-cell interactions in the nematode embryo can be inhibited with polysulfated hydrocarbon dyes (e.g. Trypan Blue) which bind strongly to the plasma membrane. In summary our data indicate that fluorescent marker dyes can be helpful tools to identify and understand the role of intercellular communication and transfer processes in nematode development.
Pengaruh Pemberian Pupuk Organik Cair Limbah Ikan Cakalang (Katsuwonus sp.) terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Kandungan Klorofil-A pada Chlorella sp.
Authors: Sujarta Puguh , Ohee Henderite Loisa , Zainuri Muhammad , Misbach Imam , Ramandey Euniche R.P.F.
Published: February 2025

Pupuk pro analitik (PA) biasanya digunakan budidaya Chlorella sp., tetapi mahalnya harga pupuk PA sehingga diperlukan alternatif pupuk yang bisa penuhi kebutuhan nutrisi Chlorella sp. Inovasi pupuk alternatif ini memiliki prospek dalam pengganti pupuk PA yang mahal dipasaran dengan pemanfaatan limbah ikan yang diperoleh dari pasar hamadi, Jayapura. Pupuk yang digunakan merupakan pupuk organik yang diambil dari limbah ikan cakalang. Umumnya penjualan ikan dipasar bermacam-macam ikan, namun mayoritas ikan yang dijual di pasar hamadi adalah ikan cakalang. Tujuan dari riset ini merupakan menganalisis pengaruh pupuk organik cair dari limbah cakalang terhadap laju perkembangan, biomassa, serta klorofil a Chlorella sp. Tata cara yang digunakan dalam riset ini merupakan tata cara Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) dengan memakai 2 perlakuan dengan masing masing 3 ulangan. Perlakuan yang diberikan pada riset ini merupakan pupuk organik cakalang dengan dosis 1 ml/ l serta kontrol (1 ml/ l Guillard). Parameter utama yang diamati merupakan pertumbuhan Chlorella sp., serta klorofil a. Bersumber pada hasil pertumbuhan dari aplikasi pupuk organik cair dari limbah ikan cakalang dengan pupuk kontrol (Guillard) diperoleh hasil tertinggi pada control dan pupuk ikan sebesar 12 x 108 dan 11.15 x 108 sel/mL. Sedangkan pada hasil klorofil diperoleh bahwa untuk control sebesar 1.85 mg/L serta hasil pupuk ikan 1.62 mg/L Hasil menunjukkan bahwa limbah pupuk ikan cakalang berpotensi dijadikan pupuk komersial guna meningkatkan pertumbuhan mikroalga Chlorella sp.
Penentuan Ukuran Mata Jaring untuk Keberlanjutan Udang Penaeus merguiensis di Perairan Papua Selatan
Authors: Melmambessy Edy H.P. , Saputra Suradi Wijaya , Hartoko Agus , Mudzakir Abdul Kohar
Published: February 2025

Tingkat pemanfaatan (E) udang Penaeus merguiensis di perairan pantai Laut Arafura Merauke Provinsi Papua Selatan dalam kategori over-fishing (E=0,76/tahun untuk jantan dan betina E= 0,59/tahun). Mortalitas karena penangkapan (F) lebih besar dari mortalitas alami (M), menunjukan tekanan penangkapan tinggi.  Tujuan penelitian menganalisis penentuan ukuran mata jaring untuk keberlanjutan penangkapan udang P. merguiensis di perairan pantai Laut Arafura Merauke Provinsi Papua Selatan. Metode survei digunakan dalam penelitian, dengan teknik pengambilan sampel: sistimatik sampling.  Waktu pengumpulan data: Agustus 2022 - Juli 2023 pada tiga stasiun penelitian.  Analisis data utamanya penentuan ukuran mata jaring. Ukuran mata jaring untuk keberlanjutan udang P. merguiensis di stasiun A Distrik Naukenjerai = 50,80 - 98,21 mm; stasiun B Distrik Merauke = 42,68 mm; dan stasiun C Distrik Semangga = 50,05 mm. Penentuan ukuran mata jaring ini telah mempertimbangkan ukuran pertama matang gonad udang P. merguiensis pada ketiga stasiun penelitian: A Distrik Naukenjerai = 42,20 mmCL, B Distrik Merauke = 40,20 mmCL, dan C = 42,00 mmCL. Pengaturan ini dimaksudkan agar udang yang tertangkap secara ekonomi menguntungkan, dan kelestarian sumber daya udang dapat dijaga. Hasil penelitian dapat dijadikan pertimbangan kebijakan penentuan ukuran mata jaring trammel net dan pukat tarik dalam penangkapan udang secara berkelanjutan.
Kajian Karakteristik dan Run-Up Gelombang Tsunami Berdasarkan Pemodelan Hidrodinamika 2D di Perairan Selatan Bali
Authors: Tagore Rafa Fahrezi , Helmi Muhammad , Satriadi Alfi , Khoirunnisa Hanah , Ismanto Aris
Published: February 2025

Pulau Bali merupakan wilayah yang memiliki potensi bencana alam seperti gempa bumi dan tsunami karena terletak di zona subduksi pertemuan lempeng Indo-Australia dengan lempeng Eurasia dan zona sesar belakang Flores. Kejadian tsunami telah terjadi di wilayah selatan Bali akibat dari bencana gempa Sumbawa (1977) dan gempa Banyuwangi (1994). Kajian terkait karakteristik dan run-up gelombang tsunami masih jarang dilakukan. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui karakteristik dan run-up gelombang tsunami menggunakan pemodelan hidrodinamika 2D. Simulasi dilakukan menggunakan skenario gempa terburuk dengan kekuatan magnitudo 9,0 melalui model TUNAMI F1 dan TUNAMI N3. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa gelombang tsunami yang menjalar dari episenter menuju pesisir selatan Bali memiliki karakteristik waktu tempuh berkisar antara 16 menit 5 detik hingga 30 menit 35 detik dengan tinggi gelombang maksimum berkisar antara 11,113 – 34,446 m. Waktu tempuh penjalaran tercepat dengan tinggi gelombang tertinggi terdapat pada titik observasi Uluwatu dan Pandawa karena jarak yang dekat dengan episenter. Limpasan gelombang yang masuk ke daratan pesisir selatan Pulau Bali mampu menjangkau daratan hingga kisaran 257 – 3140 m dengan limpasan terjauh pada titik observasi Kuta karena morfologi pantai berpasir yang landai, sedangkan Uluwatu dan Pandawa menerima limpasan yang paling sedikit karena morfologi pantai yang berbatu dan tebing curam.
Potensi Bioaktif Peptida Hidrolisat Protein Undur-Undur laut (Emerita spp.) Menggunakan Analisis In Silico
Authors: Romadhon Romadhon , Sabdono Agus , Subagiyo Subagiyo , Triyanto Agus , Riyadi Putut Har
Published: February 2025

Undur-undur laut (Emerita spp.) telah diteliti mempunyai kandungan gizi yang tinggi. Peptida dari hewan laut berpotensi besar dalam bidang kesehatan dan aplikasi biomedis, berkat aktivitas biologisnya yang beragam, seperti antioksidan, anti-hipertensi, antimikroba, dan perlindungan terhadap penuaan kulit. Teknik analisis in silico digunakan untuk mengidentifikasi peptida bioaktif dari protein sekuen dengan metode komputasi, seperti: database, aplikasi online dan software. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk memprediksi peptida yang berasal dari undur-undur laut (Emerita spp.) dengan analisis in silico. Tahapan analisis in silico dilakukan menggunakan database NCBI dan dilanjutkan dengan analisis melalui software BIOPEP-UWM dan Peptide Ranker. Berdasarkan hasil analisis in silico pada hidrolisat protein undur-undur laut menggunakan BIOPEP, terdapat 16 peptida dengan potensi anti-hipertensi dan 14 peptida dengan potensi anti-diabetes. Berdasarkan hasil Peptide Ranker dapat dilihat urutan nilai probabilitas peptida yaitu kategori tinggi (WL, YF, AF, AW, IF, SF, ML, WT), kategori sedang (PR, AG, IG), dan kategori rendah (DP, HL, VPL, SL, NL, DR, AH, AI, VG, AEL, NT). Sekuen peptida yang tertinggi yaitu WL (Triptofan-Leusin) yang memiliki skor 0,99 dengan fungsi sebagai anti-diabetes. Sementara itu, nilai terkecil yaitu NT (skor 0,05) yang berfungsi anti-diabetes. Berdasarkan analisis sensori menggunakan BIOPEP, sekuen peptida yang dihasilkan tersusun atas asam amino yang memiliki rasa pahit dan manis. Peptida dan asam amino yang memiliki rasa pahit di antaranya : P, F, VF, IF, VY, V, VL, VI, L, IL, dan W, sedangkan yang memilki rasa manis di antaranya : P, G, dan V.
Evaluasi Peran Kepemilikan Jamban dalam Kejadian Stunting: Temuan dari Kabupaten Jeneponto, Sulawesi Selatan
Authors: Saleh Muh. , Yudianti Anita , Damayati Dwi Santy , Basri Syahrul , Munawir Amansyah Munawir Amanah
Published: February 2025

Latar Belakang: Stunting merupakan masalah kesehatan yang signifikan di Indonesia, terutama di Kabupaten Jeneponto, Sulawesi Selatan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi peran kepemilikan jamban dan factor sanitasi lainnya terhadap kejadian stunting pada balita.Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan desain studi cross-sectional dengan sampel 348 balita usia 6-59 bulan. Data dikumpulkan melalui wawancara langsung dan pengukuran fisik, dianalisis menggunakan uji chi-square.Hasil: Sebagian besar balita (81,6%) mengalami stunting, dan mayoritas rumah tangga memiliki jamban sehat (94,5%). Namun, hanya 33,3% responden memiliki kebiasaan cuci tangan yang baik, dan 78,7% rumah tangga melaporkan praktik pengolahan makanan yang buruk. Tidak ditemukan hubungan signifikan antara kepemilikan jamban dengan kejadian stunting (p=0,545). Sebaliknya, terdapat hubungan signifikan antara sumber air minum (p=0,002), kebiasaan cuci tangan (p=0,003), dan pengolahan makanan (p=0,000) dengan kejadian stunting.Simpulan: Sumber air minum, kebiasaan cuci tangan, dan pengolahan makanan adalah faktor sensitif yang berhubungan dengan kejadian stunting, sedangkan kepemilikan jamban tidak berpengaruh signifikan. ABSTRACT Title: Evaluation of the Role of Toilet Ownership in Stunting Events: Findings from Jeneponto Regency, South SulawesiBackground: Stunting is a significant health issue in Indonesia, particularly in Jeneponto Regency, South Sulawesi. This study aims to evaluate the role of latrine ownership and other sanitation factors in the prevalence of stunting among children under five.Methods: This study employed a cross-sectional design with a sample of 348 toddlers aged 6-59 months. Data were collected through direct interviews and physical measurements and analyzed using the chi-square test.Results: The majority of children (81.6%) were found to be stunted, and most households had access to healthy latrines (94.5%). However, only 33.3% of respondents reported having good handwashing practices, and 78.7% of households reported poor food handling practices. There was no significant association between latrine ownership and stunting (p=0.545). Conversely, there were significant associations between drinking water sources (p=0.002), handwashing practices (p=0.003), and food handling practices (p=0.000) and stunting.Conclusion: Drinking water sources, handwashing habits, and food handling practices are sensitive factors associated with the incidence of stunting, whereas latrine ownership does not have a significant effect.