bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Value of Minimum Apparent Diffusion Coefficient on Magnetic Resonance Imaging as a Biomarker for Predicting Progression of Disease Following Surgery and Radiotherapy in Glial Tumors from a Tertiary Care Center in Northern India
Authors: Gupta Pramod Kumar , Awasthi Rishi , Singh Shalini , Behari Sanjay , Maria Das K. J. , Gupta Rakesh Kumar , Kumar Shaleen
Published: April 2017

Purpose: Studies have shown that cellularity of glial tumors are inversely correlated to minimum apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values derived on diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI). The purpose of this prospective exploratory study was to evaluate whether temporal change in “minimum ADC” values during follow-up predict progressive disease in glial tumors post radiotherapy and surgery. Materials and Methods: Adult patients of glial tumors, subjected to surgery followed by Radiotherapy (RT), were included in the study. Serial conventional magnetic resonance imaging with DWI at the following time points – presurgery, pre-RT, post-RT imaging at 3, 7, and 15 months were done. For “minimum ADC” values, multiple regions of interest (ROI) were identified on ADC maps derived from DWI. A mean of 5 minimum ADC values was chosen as “minimum ADC” value. The correlation was drawn between histology and minimum ADC values and time trends were studied. Results: Fourteen patients were included in this study. Histologies were low-grade glioma (LGG) - 5, anaplastic oligodendroglioma (ODG) -5, and glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) - 4. Minimum ADC values were significantly higher in LGG and GBM than ODG. Presurgery, the values were 0.812, 0.633, and 0.787 × 10−3 mm2/s for LGG, ODG, and GBM, respectively. DWI done at the time of RT planning showed values of 0.786, 0.636, 0.869 × 10−3 mm2/s, respectively. During follow-up, the increasing trend of minimum ADC was observed in LGG (P = 0.02). All these patients were clinically and radiologically stable. Anaplastic ODGs, however, showed an initial increase followed by the fall of minimum ADC in all the 5 cases (P = 0.00). Four of the five cases developed progressive disease subsequently. In all the 4 GBM cases, a consistent fall of minimum ADC values was observed (P = 0.00), and they all progressed in spite of RT. Conclusions: The DWI-derived minimum ADC values are an important yet simple quantitative tool to assess the treatment response and disease progression before they are evident on conventional imaging during the follow-up of glial tumors.
Factors Influencing Utilization of Physiotherapy Service among Children with Cerebral Palsy in Jalandhar District of Punjab
Authors: Sinha Akhoury Gourang , Sharma Raju
Published: April 2017

Background: Physiotherapy plays a central role in the management of children with cerebral palsy (CP); however, literature describing the use of physiotherapy service and the factors affecting utilization of physiotherapy service for this group of children in the Indian context remain unexplored. Aims and Objectives: To describe the utilization of physiotherapy services and explore the factors affecting utilization of physiotherapy services among children with CP of Jalandhar district of Punjab. Methodology: During June 2009 to March 2012 interview of family members of 248 children with CP (male = 159; female = 89) was conducted using a schedule focusing on demography, constraints of resources, expectations, beliefs, awareness, and service utilization. Cross tabulation with Chi-square, univariate, and multivariate logistic regression analysis were the tools of statistical analysis. Results: 44.4% children had not received any physiotherapy in their life time. In univariate analysis exposure to physiotherapy was found significantly associated with age of diagnosis (odds ratio [OR] = 2.47), finance constraint (OR = 2.27), personal constraint (OR = 2.54), transportation constraint (OR = 3.01), lack of advice for rehabilitation (OR = 2.36), ignorance about condition (OR = 11.94), and rehabilitation services (OR = 2.88). Multivariate model (χ2 = 57.16, df = 15, P < 0.001, pseudo R2 Cox and Snell = 0.22, Nagelkerke = 0.27) identified two main predictor variables of nonexposure to physiotherapy-ignorance about condition (OR = 7.3) and expectation of normalcy (OR = 0.43). Conclusion: The main drivers for the use of physiotherapy among children with CP in Jalandhar district of Punjab were awareness about the condition of CP and expectation of normalcy which demonstrated a complex relationship with sociodemographic factors.
Unilateral Vision Loss without Ophthalmoplegia as a Rare Complication of Spinal Surgery
Authors: Akpınar Elif , Gürbüz Mehmet Sabri , Bitirgen Gülfidan , Okutan Mehmet Özerk
Published: April 2017

Postoperative visual loss is an extremely rare complication of nonocular surgery. The most common causes are ischemic optic neuropathy, central retinal artery occlusion, and cerebral ischemia. Acute visual loss after spinal surgery is even rarer. The most important risk factors are long-lasting operations, massive bleedings, fluid overload, hypotension, hypothermia, coagulation disorders, direct trauma, embolism, long-term external ocular pressure, and anemia. Here, we present a case of a 54-year-old male who developed acute visual loss in his left eye after a lumbar instrumentation surgery and was diagnosed with retinal artery occlusion.
Long-term (2001–2012) trends of carbonaceous aerosols from
remote island in the western North Pacific: an outflow region of Asian pollutants and dust
Authors: Boreddy Suresh K. R. , Haque Md. Mozammel , Kawamura Kimitaka
Published: April 2017

Abstract. The present study reports on long-term trends of carbonaceous aerosols in total suspended particulate (TSP) samples collected at Chichijima Island in the western North Pacific during 2001–2012. Seasonal variations of elemental, organic, and water-soluble organic carbon (EC, OC and WSOC) concentrations showed maxima in winter to spring and minima in summer. These seasonal differences in the concentrations of carbonaceous aerosols are associated with the outflows of polluted air masses from East Asia, which are clearly distinguishable from pristine air masses from the central Pacific. The higher concentrations of carbonaceous aerosols during winter to spring are associated with long-range atmospheric transport of East Asian polluted air masses, whereas lower concentrations may be due to pristine air masses from the central Pacific in summer. The annual trends of OC/EC, WSOC and WSOC/OC showed significant (p<0.05) increases during the period of 2001–2012, suggesting that an enhanced secondary formation of organic aerosols (SOA) via photochemical oxidation of anthropogenic and biogenic volatile organic compounds (VOCs) during long-range atmospheric transport. We found a significant increase in nss-K+/EC ratios, demonstrating that biomass burning-derived organic aerosols are increased, while combustion-derived anthropogenic sources are decreased over the western North Pacific. Further, secondary biogenic emissions are also important over the western North Pacific as inferred from a significant increase in the concentrations of methanesulfonate (MSA−, a tracer for biogenic source). We also found significant increases in OC/TC and WSOC/TC ratio, suggesting that contribution of SOA to total carbon (TC) are significantly increased over the western North Pacific followed by long-range atmospheric transport.
Particle export fluxes to the oxygen minimum zone of the eastern tropical North Atlantic
Authors: Engel Anja , Wagner Hannes , Le Moigne Frédéric A. C. , Wilson Samuel T.
Published: April 2017

Abstract. In the ocean, sinking of particulate organic matter (POM) drives carbon export from the euphotic zone and supplies nutrition to mesopelagic communities, the feeding and degradation activities of which in turn lead to export flux attenuation. Oxygen (O2) minimum zones (OMZs) with suboxic water layers (< 5 µmol O2 kg−1) show a lower carbon flux attenuation compared to well-oxygenated waters (> 100 µmol O2 kg−1), supposedly due to reduced heterotrophic activity. This study focuses on sinking particle fluxes through hypoxic mesopelagic waters (< 60 µmol O2 kg−1); these represent  ∼  100 times more ocean volume globally compared to suboxic waters, but they have less been studied. Particle export fluxes and attenuation coefficients were determined in the eastern tropical North Atlantic (ETNA) using two surface-tethered drifting sediment trap arrays with seven trapping depths located between 100 and 600 m. Data on particulate matter fluxes were fitted to the normalized power function Fz =  F100 (z∕100)−b, with F100 being the flux at a depth (z) of 100 m and b being the attenuation coefficient. Higher b values suggest stronger flux attenuation and are influenced by factors such as faster degradation at higher temperatures. In this study, b values of organic carbon fluxes varied between 0.74 and 0.80 and were in the intermediate range of previous reports, but lower than expected from seawater temperatures within the upper 500 m. During this study, highest b values were determined for fluxes of particulate hydrolyzable amino acids (PHAA), followed by particulate organic phosphorus (POP), nitrogen (PN), carbon (POC), chlorophyll a (Chl a) and transparent exopolymer particles (TEP), pointing to a sequential degradation of organic matter components during sinking. Our study suggests that in addition to O2 concentration, organic matter composition co-determines transfer efficiency through the mesopelagic. The magnitude of future carbon export fluxes may therefore also depend on how organic matter quality in the surface ocean changes under influence of warming, acidification and enhanced stratification.
GPU accelerated atmospheric chemical kinetics in the
ECHAM/MESSy (EMAC) Earth system model (version 2.52)
Authors: Alvanos Michail , Christoudias Theodoros
Published: April 2017

Abstract. This paper presents an application of GPU accelerators in Earth system modelling. We focus on atmospheric chemical kinetics, one of the most computationally intensive tasks in climate-chemistry model simulations. We developed a software package that automatically generates CUDA kernels to numerically integrate atmospheric chemical kinetics in the global climate model ECHAM/MESSy Atmospheric Chemistry (EMAC), used to study climate change and air quality scenarios. A source-to-source compiler outputs a CUDA compatible kernel, by parsing the FORTRAN code generated by the Kinetic Pre-Processor (KPP) general analysis tool. All Rosenbrock methods that are available in the KPP numerical library are supported. Performance evaluation, using Fermi and Pascal CUDA-enabled GPU accelerators shows achieved speedups of 4.5× and 22.4× respectively of the kernel execution time. A node-to-node real-world production performance comparison shows a 1.75× speed-up over the non-accelerated application using the KPP 3-stage Rosenbrock solver. We provide a detailed description of the code optimizations used to improve the performance including memory optimizations, control code simplification, and reduction of idle time. The accuracy and correctness of the accelerated implementation are evaluated by comparing to the CPU-only version of the application. The relative difference is found to be less than 0.00005 % when comparing the output of the accelerated kernel the CPU-only code, within the target level of relative accuracy (relative error tolerance) of 0.1 %. The approach followed, including the computational workload division and the developed GPU solver code can potentially be used as the basis for hardware acceleration of numerous geoscientific models that rely on KPP for atmospheric chemical kinetics applications.
Presentación Núm. 6
Authors: Ayerdis Miguel
Published: April 2017

No hay abstractRevista Humanismo y Cambio Social. Número 6. Año 3. Julio - Diciembre 2015
Factores motivacionales y rendimiento académico en estudiantes de tercer año de la carrera de Psicología de la UNAN–Managua, (segundo semestre 2013). Estudio de casos
Authors: Ruíz Montiel Dalila
Published: April 2017

El presente trabajo analiza la motivación que en el ámbito de la enseñanza- aprendizaje tuvieron los estudiantes del tercer año de Psicología de la UNAN-Managua, durante el segundo semestre 2013. Se hace referencia a factores que incitan al estudiantado por interesarse en hacer preguntas, participar de forma activa en clase; realizar las actividades propuestas, ejercitarse con las técnicas adecuadas de estudio, la investigación y realización de campo o experimentales.El objetivo propuesto consistió en el análisis de los factores motivacionales y rendimiento académico obtenido por los estudiantes objeto de estudio, durante el período seleccionado. Se utilizó el enfoque cualitativo para el estudio de casos múltiples. De igual manera, es una investigación descriptiva y de corte transversal.Para la recolección de la información, se utilizaron instrumentos tales como, grupos focales (se realizaron dos). De igual manera, se realizaron entrevistas focalizades a cinco estudiante, con el fin de conformar la muestra. Por ultimo, se consult el acta de calificaciones para obtener los promedios académicos.Otras técnicas de recopilación utilizada, fue la utilización de dos informantes claves y tres expertos, a los que se les realizó de forma individual una entrevista focalizada, permitiendo registrar en forma directa sus experiencias y opiniones respecto al tema. Para el procesamiento de la información, se utilizó el análisis de contenido, permitiendo la triangulación de la misma.Revista Humanismo y Cambio Social. Número 6. Año 3. Julio - Diciembre 2015: 8-18
De la energía-saber a la inteligencia social. Nuevos desafíos nuestramericanos en la producción, circulación y consumo de la información y el conocimiento
Authors: Bonino Jasaui José Carlos
Published: April 2017

El presente artículo pone en discusión los fundamentos políticos y culturales de la construcción de la comunicación, la información y la propaganda, contextualizándolos en una crisis paradigmática en nuestro espacio-tiempo. Discute sobre la coexistencia de dos cosmovisiones en nuestra realidad, una hegemónica y otra subalterna que conviven en tensión dialéctica sin paridad de condiciones. Pone al centro del debate la necesidad de construir nuevo conocimiento a partir de nuestras circunstancias geopolíticas, geoeconómicas y geoculturales, para los nuevos tiempos.Revista Humanismo y Cambio Social. Número 6. Año 3. Julio - Diciembre 2015: 61-68
Breviario gramatical náhuat-pipil
Authors: Lara-Martínez Rafael
Published: April 2017

El artículo describe varios rasgos tipológicos de la lengua náhuat-pipil, el idioma indígena más importante de El Salvador. Perteneciente a la familia yuto-nahua –Uto-Aztec en inglés— el náhuatpipil se caracteriza por una estructura sintáctica singular que lo diferencia radicalmente del castellano al cual a menudo se adapta. Posee una palabra-oración que marca casi todas las funciones gramaticales al interior del verbo, mientras las llamadas frases nominales de sujeto, complemento directo e indirecto funcionan como verdaderas oraciones adjuntas e independientes. Si este atributo se conoce como marcación en el centro rector, se olvidan sus implicaciones poéticas de Aleph borgeano: el punto que concentra todos los puntos o funciones gramaticales de la oración. Otros rasgos concomitantes a esta filiación tipológica son la omni-predicación, el serialismo aspectual y sintáctico, al igual que la reiteración literaria.Revista Humanismo y Cambio Social. Número 6. Año 3. Julio - Diciembre 2015: 69-76
Aproximación a la cultura del trabajo y los cambios productivos en Villa Chagüitillo
Authors: Torres Obando Joseph Orlando
Published: April 2017

Villa Chagüitillo es una comunidad semi-rural. La cultura de trabajo que se ha desarrollado en esta localidad corresponde al rasgo productivo agropecuario, marcado a partir de una identidad campesino-indígena, sin dejar de lado aspectos urbanísticos que ha penetrado por medio del mercado. Para entender esta cultura de trabajo en esta localidad, es necesario ver de manera retrospectiva el proceso de transformación productiva, requiriendo para ello, de un manejo metodológico de etnografía con análisis sistémico y apoyo del método comparativo, que en conjunto con técnicas provenientes de la historiografía, develan las razones de los cambios de políticas públicas dirigidas a lo rural y el rumbo que apunta la dinámica rural actual de Chagüitillo.Revista Humanismo y Cambio Social. Número 6. Año 3. Julio - Diciembre 2015: 92-104
La Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias Jurídicas recibe la visita del Doctor Ezequiel Ander Egg
Authors: Ortiz Martha
Published: April 2017

No hay resumenRevista Humanismo y Cambio Social. Número 6. Año 3. Julio - Diciembre 2015: 107
Roque Dalton hace un llamado a la solidaridad por la vida y la libertad de Carlos Fonseca Amador
Authors: Ayerdis Miguel
Published: April 2017

No hay resumenRevista Humanismo y Cambio Social. Número 6. Año 3. Julio - Diciembre 2015: 122-125
Rueda Estrada, Verónica, Recompas, Recontras, Revueltos y Rearmados. Posguerra y conflictos por la tierra en Nicaragua 1990-2008. México, Instituto Mora/Conacyt/CIALC-UNAM, 2015. 518 págs
Authors: Fernández Ampié Guillermo
Published: April 2017

No hay resumenRevista Humanismo y Cambio Social. Número 6. Año 3. Julio - Diciembre 2015: 131-134
Reflexiones acerca del sindicalismo nicaragüense (1970-2015)
Authors: Guerra Vanegas Jorge Ernesto
Published: April 2017

El sindicalismo nicaragüense durante el período de 1970 hasta la actualidad, cruzando por diversos regímenes, ha jugado un papel relevante en la historia nacional y este trabajo pretende hacer un recuento de este movimiento en los últimos tiempos. Durante el periodo en estudio, el movimiento sindical aprovechando las oportunidades estructurales ha echando mano de repertorios tales como huelgas, acciones amadas, alianzas, negociaciones con el fin de hacer sentir su presencia en el escenario político nacional. Una de las características de este movimiento social es que su acción colectiva se consolida en momentos de crisis sociales, políticas y económicas. La conquista de los derechos sociales y políticos: libertad sindical, seguro social, jornada salarial, entre otros es uno de las grandes aportes del sindicalismo a la historia contemporánea nicaragüense. Con la derrota electoral del FSLN en 1990, la estructuras de oportunidades cambian, y con ello los repertorios de confrontación. En este nuevo escenario se producen alianzas, negociaciones y huelgas como también un debilitamiento del movimiento sindical ante las políticas de ajuste estructural de la época. En estos últimos años se dan expresiones novedosas de sindicalismo: Confederación de trabajadores por cuenta propia y el Movimiento de Mujeres de las maquilas, importantes en la historia reciente del sindicalismo, presentando con ello nuevas formas de acción colectiva en un nuevo contexto de la realidad nacional.Revista Humanismo y Cambio Social. Número 7. Año 3. Enero - Junio 2016: 20-27
Género, economía familiar y seguridad alimentaria en Nicaragua: empoderamiento de la mujer rural, estudio de caso en Muy Muy
Authors: López C. Alejandra
Published: April 2017

A partir del año 2007 en Nicaragua se instaura un nuevo periodo de gobierno y con nuevas políticas sociales .El objetivo de las nuevas políticas sociales es la optimización de la calidad de vida de las y los nicaragüense y su eje central, el desarrollo y bienestar social de los mismos.Dentro de estas políticas, se encuentra la de Seguridad y soberanía Alimentaria que tiene como principal instrumento el Programa Productivo Alimentario (PPA), conocido también como Hambre cero. Una características particular de este programa es que sus beneficiarios directos son mujeres, principalmente habitantes del área rural de nuestro país.Uno de los municipios en los que se implementó el Programa Productivo Alimentario (PPA), fue Muy Muy que pertenece al departamento de Matagalpa y es como la mayoría de ellos, netamente agrícola. A partir del 2008 que llega este programa, los habitantes de este lugar han experimentado procesos de empoderamiento que les permiten reconocerse como sujetos de poder, de manera individual y colectiva. Este trabajo busca analizar y documentar las experiencias sobre este tema.El empoderamiento como tal circunscribe el tratamiento de elementos psicológicos, sociales, culturales y cognitivos. El grado de empoderamiento que alcancen las mujeres de esta comunidad depende –tal como se estudia-- del deseo, la voluntad y determinación personal de las mismas. Aunque no todo es color de rosa, hay sus obstáculos los cuales deben superarse.Revista Humanismo y Cambio Social. Número 7. Año 3. Enero - Junio 2016: 88-100
Treatment of Hip Fractures in the Elderly
Authors: Quinn Robert H. , Mooar Pekka A. , Murray Jayson N. , Pezold Ryan , Sevarino Kaitlyn S.
Published: April 2017

Evidence-based information, in conjunction with the clinical expertise of physicians, was used to develop the Appropriate Use Criteria (AUC) document Treatment of Hip Fractures in the Elderly to improve patient care and obtain optimal outcomes while considering the subtleties and distinctions necessary in making clinical decisions. The AUC clinical patient scenarios were derived from indications typical of patients commonly presenting with hip fractures in clinical practice, as well as from current evidence-based clinical practice guidelines and supporting literature. The 30 patient scenarios and 6 treatments were developed by the Writing Panel, a group of clinicians who are specialists in this AUC topic. A separate, multidisciplinary Voting Panel made up of specialists and nonspecialists rated the appropriateness of treatment of each patient scenario using a 9-point scale to designate a treatment as Appropriate (median rating, 7 to 9), May Be Appropriate (median rating, 4 to 6), or Rarely Appropriate (median rating, 1 to 3).
Structural Analysis of Platinum Nanoparticles on Carbon Nanotube Surface as Electrocatalyst System
Authors: Sudirman Sudirman , Indriyati Indriyati , Adi Wisnu Ari , Yudianti Rike , Budianto Emil
Published: April 2017

Synthesis of Pt/CNT composite by using sol gel method has been performed which the composition of CNT on the composite are vary, (x = 20, 40, 60 and 80 wt%). Performance of composite was characterized by Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), respectively. In the refinement results of X-ray diffraction pattern, the composite consists of two phases, namely, carbon and platinum phases. Carbon phase has a structure hexagonal (P 63 m c) with lattice parameters a = b = 2.451(2) Å and c = 6.89(1) Å, α = β = 90° and γ = 120°, the unit cell volume of V = 35.8(1) A3, and the atomic density of ρ = 2.224 g.cm-3. While platinum phase has the structure of cubic (F m -3 m) with lattice parameters a = b = c = 3.921(2) Å, α = β = γ = 90°, the unit cell volume of V = 60.3(1) A3, and the atomic density of ρ = 21.487 g.cm-3.According to the image of TEM, the average particle size for Pt nano particle is estimated to range from 4.1-4.3 nm. While the cavity diameter average of CNT is estimated to range from 5.9-7.5 nm. Based on the calculation, the crystallite size of the Pt particle was around 4.31 nm. The optimum value of dispersed Pt into CNT occurred at 60 wt% CNT with the best composition of Pt in the unit cell of cystal structure. We concluded that this study successfully dispersed Pt nanoparticles onto CNT formed Pt/CNT composite. This was a great opportunity that the composite can be applied as electrocatalyst system on fuel cell application.
Indo-US Bilateral FDI and Current Account Balance: Developing Causal Relationship
Authors: Iqbal Badar Alam , Rahman Mohd Nayyer , Turay Abdul
Published: April 2017

Foreign Direct Investment and Current Account Balance are the two important macroeconomic variables considered in overall Balance of Payments (BOP). India and United States have progressed by investing in each other resources and has a significant share in their respective total FDI Inflows. FDI Inflows as per the BPM6 of IMF falls in the Capital Account of Balance of Payments (BOP). The balance of Current Account is related to Capital Account as Capital Account shows the mode of financing. It is through the Capital Account that the deficit of Current Account is financed. FDI is a long term source of financing for the country. The present study aims to develop a causal relationship between Indo-US FDI and Current Account Balance with the help of Granger Causality (Sims, 1980). The Toda and Yamamoto (1995) approach to Causality is followed in the study. The time period for the study is from 2001 to 2014. The study contains seven sections.
Social Media as a Tool for Political Resistance: Lessons from the Arab Spring and the Nigerian Protests
Authors: Ufuophu-Biri Emmanuel , Ojoboh Lucky
Published: April 2017

The popular revolutions that swept across North Africa and the Middle East (NAME) countries, popularly called the “Arab Spring”, removed several sit-tight regimes and threatened to remove some others. Until those revolutions, nobody in the region had the audacity to question the actions of the governments. The mass media in the region had no freedom of operation and could not be used to express opinions or ideas that contradicted government wish or stand. However, the self-immolation of Tarek al-Tayeb Mohamed Bouazizi on 17 December, 2010 in Tunisia and his subsequent death led to an unstoppable torrent of protests across the region. The social media became the tool of communication, organization and coordination during the protests. The social media thus provided the protesters with an alternative voice of expression, which they used to mobilize and organize the protests. This study therefore, examined the role of the social media in the the Arab Spring. The study which is theoretical concludes that the use of the social media was very effective in success of the revolution.The study showed that without the social media, the revolution might not have been successful or might not have taken place at all. The study thus recommends that people should continue to use the social media to protest against oppressive regimes and all forms of oppression.
Wesley in Oxford and the Legend of Holy Grail’s Knight: The Study about the Root of Methodism to the World, and the Foundation of Kwansei-Gakuin in Japan
Authors: Takao Kawanishi
Published: April 2017

John Wesley (1703-91）is known as the founder of Methodism in his time of Oxford University’s Scholar. However, about his Methodical religious theory, he got more spiritual and important influence from other continents not only Oxford in Great Britain but also Europe and America. Through Wesley’s experience and awakening in those continents, Methodism became the new religion with Revival by the spiritual power of “Holy Grail”. By this research using Multidisciplinary approach about the study of Legend of Holy Grail’s Knight, - from King Arthur and Knights of the Round Table in the Medieval Period, and in 18th century Wesley, who went to America in the way on ship where he met the Moravian Church group also called Herrnhut having root of Pietisms, got important impression in his life. After this awakening, he went to meet Herrnhut supervisor Zinzendorf (1700-60) in Germany who had root of a noble house in the Holy Roman Empire, - and to Legend of Holy Grail’s Knight Opera “Parsifal” by Richard Wagner at Bayreuth near Herrnhut’s land in the 19th century, Wesley’s Methodism is able to reach new states with the legend, such as the historical meaning of Christianity not only Protestantism but also Catholicism. I wish to point out Wesley’s Methodism has very close to Legend of Holy Grail’s Knight. In addition, after the circulation in America, in the late 19th century Methodism spread toward Africa, and Asian Continents. Especially in Japan, by Methodist Episcopal Church South, Methodism landed in the Kansai-area such international port city Kobe. Methodist missionary Walter Russel Lambuth (1854-1921) who entered into Japan founded English schools to do his missionary works. Afterward, one of them became Kwansei-Gakuin University in Kobe. Moreover, Lambuth such as Parsifal with Wesley’s theories went around the world to spread Methodism with the Spirit’s the Legend of Holy Grail’s Knight as World Citizen.
Bureaucratic Reform in Public Service: A Case Study on the One Stop-Integrated Service
Authors:   Yusriadi, Akib Haedar , Ihsan Andi
Published: April 2017

This study aimed at identifying the implementation of bureaucratic reforms and trying to offer some solutions for improvement of administrative services licensing. This study applied qualitative approach using a case study design. Techniques of data collection used three kinds of instrument, namely: observation, in-depth interviews, and office documentation. The data were analyzed through the stages of data reduction, data presentation, and conclusions and verification. The results found that the implementation of the bureaucratic reform of administration service licensing on the Institutional aspects in Bone regency have shaped the One Stop-Integrated Service; on the aspects of human resources found that the qualification of existing employees were not appropriate to the needs of the organization which lack of employees’ disciplines and responsibilities; on the aspects of systems and procedures indicated that the licensing generally resolved exceeds the specified time of period as well as discrimination and inconsistencies. Through this study, the researcher made verification in some of the concepts and theories in the form of formalism as one of the characteristics of prismatic society proposed by Fred W. Riggs in those phenomena which called “Heresy Regulation”.
Electoral Map Fixed by Law, as a Phenomena that Changes the Economy and Strongholds
Authors: Bejko Erindi
Published: April 2017

After emerging from communist dictatorship, with the implementation of the new political system, our country came under a few phenomena. As unlearned in this field started step by step to create a new political culture, pluralistic and built models of voting behavior. After years 90’ in everyday jargon of political discussion in Albania began to be used the stronghold, as a concept, in which showed the loyalty of the electorate in favor of one party. But over the years this process took shape choice of a phenomenon which became part of the scientific studies authenticated for representing fragments in certain parts of government either locally as well as centrally. Protracted situation of transition in Albania, forced international institutions to recommend the change of territorial configuration of the country. Political parties are often seen as actors who abuse their powerful position to extort bribes, providing members and followers with lucrative positions in public, or to channel public resources into the hands of party leaders and supporters. The main functions of political parties in modern democracies include mobilizing voters to support political agendas, selection of candidates for public office and the organization of election campaigns.
Comparison of Health Care Expenditure Patterns between Various Income Deciles: Iran Urban Households (2009–2014)
Authors: Arani Abbas Assari , Mardantabar Hessam , Agheli Loft Ali , Abdoli Ghahreman
Published: April 2017

This study estimates and compares healthcare expenditure patterns of different income deciles of urban households by ordinary least square (OLS) method. Data is obtained from houshold survey data and includes healthcare expenditure, family income, the education level of parents, number of children and the average age of parents during 2009-2014. The purpose is to identify the effectiveness of each variable on healthcare expenditure between different income deciles. Moreover, it will be examined that if there is any significant difference between effects of variables on healthcare expenditure in different income deciles. The results indicate that the pattern of healthcare expenditure varies between different income deciles. The first and second deciles show a similar pattern and the level of education of parents doesn’t have any significant effect on the healthcare expenditure. In these deciles, a percent increase in family income, increases the healthcare expenditure less than 1 percent. In addition, other variables except than the education level have a positive effect on the healthcare expenditure. On the other hand, almost the same pattern is observed in other income deciles as well. Thus, family income, the average age of parents and number of children demonstrated a positive effect on healthcare expenditure and the education level of parents showed a negative effect. This finding seems to be related to the preventive effects of education. What’s more is that in the ninth and tenth deciles, a percent increase in family income, leads to more than 1 percent increase in healthcare expenditure. Therefore, the most prominent suggestion to healthcare authorities is to improve the level of awareness of family. And also, this instruction can be categorize base on the average age of parents. This could be done through government agencies or insurance authorities.
Euroisation in the Western Balkans: The Evidence for Macedonian Economy
Authors: Boshkov Tatjana , Temelkov Zoran , Zezova Aleksandra
Published: April 2017

Euroisation is a problem with a long history and usually persistent phenomena. The high level of euroisation is common in emerging countries in Europe as in the countries with fixed exchange rate regime. In Western Balkan countries have been identified a strong presence of foreign currency. The fact is that transactions could take a place outside of the banking channels, which is not a case for FX-loan and FX-deposit ratios. It’s difficult to measure how much foreign money is in the economy. This is the reason to use data for currency substitution index. This index is high for Macedonia indicating high level of real euroisation. After the crisis, the levels are reduced (lower remittances from abroad). Considering the exchange rate experience of Macedonia, it’s likely to remain significantly euroised country for an extended period. IMF considers appropriate strategy which provides support for the gradual de-euroisation in maintaining macro-prudential policy and development of the domestic market. Another important strategy is the maintenance of prudent policies that mitigate foreign currency risks. The paper shows the persistence of FX mainly in Macedonian economy and discusses about benefits and costs, in light of the recent economic crisis.
L’implication des mères québécoises dans l’intégration scolaire en classe ordinaire de leur enfant ayant un TSA
Authors: Boucher-Gagnon Magalie , des Rivières-Pigeon Catherine , Poirier Nathalie
Published: April 2017

L’implication parentale est un facteur essentiel pour favoriser l’évolution positive d’un enfant présentant un TSA intégré en classe ordinaire. Or, aucune recherche québécoise n’a abordé ce sujet. L’objectif de cet article est donc d’identifier les différentes formes d’implication adoptées par les mères dans le contexte d’intégration en classe ordinaire au primaire de leur enfant ayant un TSA. À partir des dix-huit entretiens réalisés avec ces mères, nous avons fait une analyse qualitative thématique telle que proposée par Braun et Clark (2006). Les résultats font ressortir sept formes d’implication maternelle : (a) la préparation de l’enfant à l’entrée à l’école, (b) la recherche et la transmission des connaissances, (c) la participation au plan d’intervention, (d) la négociation et la revendication des services nécessaires pour l’enfant, (e) la continuité des apprentissages à la maison, (f) l’investissement de temps et d’argent et, finalement, (g) l’accompagnement de l’enfant à l’école. Ces résultats mettent en évidence que l’implication maternelle lors de l’intégration scolaire d’un enfant présentant un TSA peut prendre diverses formes et que plusieurs d’entre elles n’ont jamais fait l’objet de recherches.
Évaluation de l’efficacité du programme d’intervention Check and Connect1 à l’école primaire
Authors: Archambault Isabelle , Janosz Michel , Pascal Sophie , Lecoq Aurélie , Goulet Mélissa , Christenson Sandra L.
Published: April 2017

La présente étude a pour but d’évaluer l’efficacité de l’adaptation québécoise du programme d’intervention Check and Connect tel qu’implanté sur une période de deux ans dans des conditions réelles auprès d’élèves ciblés du primaire (n = 216). À partir d’un devis expérimental randomisé, les élèves ciblés par le programme (n = 107) ont été comparés avant et après l’intervention aux élèves d’un groupe de contrôle (n = 109). Cet examen a permis d’évaluer les effets du programme chez les élèves y participant, sous l’angle 1) de leur adaptation scolaire, 2) des relations qu’ils entretiennent avec leurs parents et leurs enseignants, 3) de leur inadaptation psychosociale et 4) de leur assiduité et de leur réussite scolaire. Nos résultats indiquent que le programme Check and Connect a certains effets positifs sur l’adaptation scolaire et psychosociale des élèves à risque du primaire ainsi que sur le soutien et les relations que les élèves entretiennent avec leurs parents et leurs enseignants. Par contre, les effets du programme sont plus mitigés quant au retard en classe et au rendement dans les matières de base. Ces derniers résultats méritent cependant d’être mieux compris à la lumière des données d’implantation.
Quand « criminel un jour » ne rime pas avec « criminel toujours » : le désistement du crime de contrevenants québécois1
Authors: F.-Dufour Isabelle , Brassard Renée , Martel Joane
Published: April 2017

L’étude des carrières criminelles a permis, jusqu’à présent, d’identifier les mécanismes qui conduisent un individu à commettre des crimes. Or s’il est connu que la grande majorité des contrevenants cessent un jour leurs activités criminelles (en référence à la courbe de la criminalité), ce n’est qu’au cours des dernières années que les chercheurs se sont intéressés à la dernière phase de ces carrières criminelles : soit le moment où elles se terminent. Si l’on connait un peu mieux comment les incarcérés et les probationnaires se désistent du crime, aucune étude portant sur le désistement du crime des sursitaires n’a pu être répertoriée. En outre, on retrouve dans la littérature trois principales théorisations du processus de désistement, mais aucune ne fait consensus. À partir des limites inhérentes aux théories existantes, cet article propose un nouvel angle conceptuel permettant d’appréhender le désistement du crime. Par la suite, il s’agit d’illustrer de quelle manière la confrontation de ce nouveau cadre conceptuel aux données qualitatives recueillies auprès de 29 sursitaires québécois permet de mettre en exergue trois processus distincts (le converti, le repentant et le rescapé) qui conduisent à l’arrêt des comportements criminels.
Perceptions de la transition vers la vie adulte d’adolescents et de jeunes adultes ayant un trouble du spectre de l’autisme
Authors: Arsenault Marie , Goupil Georgette , Poirier Nathalie
Published: April 2017

La transition vers la vie adulte se révèle une étape cruciale pour les jeunes ayant un trouble du spectre de l’autisme (TSA). Douze jeunes hommes de 15 à 21 ans présentant un TSA sans déficience intellectuelle ont participé à une entrevue explorant leurs perceptions de divers domaines de vie associés à cette transition : l’emploi, les études postsecondaires, la gestion financière, le lieu de résidence, la vie de couple et la parentalité. Les résultats indiquent que les participants sont conscients des défis reliés à la vie adulte. Ils souhaitent poursuivre des études postsecondaires et obtenir un emploi. Les résultats soulèvent leurs craintes des effets du diagnostic sur les choix de vie, en particulier sur les relations de couple et la parentalité.
Perceptions du type d’élève, du cheminement anticipé, de l’attitude des enseignants à la maternelle, première, deuxième année et qualification des élèves à la fin du secondaire : diplomation ou décrochage ?
Authors: Leclerc Danielle , Potvin Pierre , Massé Line
Published: April 2017

Cette étude vérifie les liens entre la perception d’enseignantes de leurs élèves à la maternelle (type d’élève, cheminement anticipé, attitude), la répétition de ces perceptions (maternelle, première, deuxième année) et la qualification de ces derniers à la fin du secondaire. Au total, 131 enseignantes (32 à la maternelle, 51 en première et 48 en deuxième année) ont participé à l’étude en 1992 et en 1996. L’échantillon longitudinal comprend 816 élèves qui, à la fin du secondaire, sont diplômés, en retard ou décrocheurs. Les mesures sont : la qualification à la fin du secondaire; le type d’élève; le cheminement anticipé; l’attitude de l’enseignant envers l’élève. Les résultats montrent que les élèves perçus par leur enseignante de maternelle comme attachants ou indifférents sont diplômés dans 74,2 % des cas, alors que ceux perçus comme préoccupants ou rejetés sont dans 64,0 % des cas non diplômés. Parmi les élèves dont le cheminement anticipé est sans difficulté, 73,4 % sont diplômés, tandis que 76,7 % de ceux dont le cheminement est pressenti avec difficultés sont sans diplôme (en retard ou décrocheur). Les attitudes des enseignantes de la maternelle sont plus favorables envers les élèves qui diplômeront qu’envers ceux qui seront en retard ou décrocheurs à la fin du secondaire. Les cheminements anticipés et l’attitude des enseignantes à la maternelle prédisent la qualification des élèves à la fin du secondaire. De plus, le nombre de fois qu’un élève est identifié en maternelle, en première ou en deuxième année comme attachant, préoccupant ou rejeté, que son cheminement est pressenti avec ou sans difficultés ou que les enseignantes présentent ou non une attitude favorable à son égard s’associe également à sa qualification. Ces résultats montrent qu’il est important d’accorder une attention particulière aux perceptions qu’ont les enseignants de leurs élèves et ce, dans le but de dépister et d’intervenir tôt dans le cheminement scolaire des élèves à risque.
Le rôle prédictif des mauvais traitements au regard de l’évolution des enfants participant à un programme d’intervention ciblant les comportements sexuels problématiques
Authors: Tougas Anne-Marie , Tourigny Marc , Boisvert Isabelle , Lemieux Annie , Tremblay Claudia , Gagnon Mélanie M.
Published: April 2017

Les mauvais traitements envers les enfants, dont les agressions sexuelles, figurent parmi les facteurs associés au développement des comportements sexuels problématiques (CSP). De plus en plus, les connaissances théoriques et empiriques invitent à considérer ces facteurs pour mieux comprendre l’évolution des séquelles liées aux CSP en cours de traitement. La présente étude a pour but de vérifier si la présence de mauvais traitements, vécus par l’enfant ou ses parents, permet de prédire l’évolution des enfants participant au Programme d’intervention auprès d’enfants présentant des CSP (PI-ECSP) visant à réduire les CSP en favorisant l’acquisition d’habiletés personnelles, sociales et familiales. De façon générale, les résultats suggèrent que la présence de mauvais traitements n’est pas liée à l’évolution des problèmes de comportement des enfants en cours d’intervention. En revanche, l’étude révèle la présence de facteurs prédictifs sur certaines cibles d’intervention spécifiques qui pointent vers une évolution plus positive lorsque des mauvais traitements ont été subis par les enfants et une évolution plus mitigée lorsqu’ils ont été vécus par un parent. Si le PI-ECSP paraît tout à fait approprié pour la clientèle à laquelle il est destiné, les résultats de la présente étude indiquent que certains changements seraient à envisager afin de tenir davantage compte des besoins des parents participants. Tout comme c’est le cas pour bon nombre de travaux dans ce domaine de recherche, l’étude présente certaines limites, dont une taille d’échantillon restreinte et des données manquantes, qu’il importe de tenir compte dans l’interprétation des résultats.
Complementary codes for odor identity and intensity in olfactory cortex
Authors: Bolding Kevin A , Franks Kevin M
Published: April 2017

The ability to represent both stimulus identity and intensity is fundamental for perception. Using large-scale population recordings in awake mice, we find distinct coding strategies facilitate non-interfering representations of odor identity and intensity in piriform cortex. Simply knowing which neurons were activated is sufficient to accurately represent odor identity, with no additional information about identity provided by spike time or spike count. Decoding analyses indicate that cortical odor representations are not sparse. Odorant concentration had no systematic effect on spike counts, indicating that rate cannot encode intensity. Instead, odor intensity can be encoded by temporal features of the population response. We found a subpopulation of rapid, largely concentration-invariant responses was followed by another population of responses whose latencies systematically decreased at higher concentrations. Cortical inhibition transforms olfactory bulb output to sharpen these dynamics. Our data therefore reveal complementary coding strategies that can selectively represent distinct features of a stimulus.
La-related protein 1 (LARP1) binds the mRNA cap, blocking eIF4F assembly on TOP mRNAs
Authors: Lahr Roni M , Fonseca Bruno D , Ciotti Gabrielle E , Al-Ashtal Hiba A , Jia Jian-Jun , Niklaus Marius R , Blagden Sarah P , Alain Tommy , Berman Andrea J
Published: April 2017

The 5’terminal oligopyrimidine (5’TOP) motif is a cis-regulatory RNA element located immediately downstream of the 7-methylguanosine [m7G] cap of TOP mRNAs, which encode ribosomal proteins and translation factors. In eukaryotes, this motif coordinates the synchronous and stoichiometric expression of the protein components of the translation machinery. La-related protein 1 (LARP1) binds TOP mRNAs, regulating their stability and translation. We present crystal structures of the human LARP1 DM15 region in complex with a 5’TOP motif, a cap analog (m7GTP), and a capped cytidine (m7GpppC), resolved to 2.6, 1.8 and 1.7 Å, respectively. Our binding, competition, and immunoprecipitation data corroborate and elaborate on the mechanism of 5’TOP motif binding by LARP1. We show that LARP1 directly binds the cap and adjacent 5’TOP motif of TOP mRNAs, effectively impeding access of eIF4E to the cap and preventing eIF4F assembly. Thus, LARP1 is a specialized TOP mRNA cap-binding protein that controls ribosome biogenesis.
Inter‐rater Reliability of Sonographic Optic Nerve Sheath Diameter Measurements by Emergency Medicine Physicians
Authors: Oberfoell Stephanie , Murphy David , French Andrew , Trent Stacy , Richards David
Published: April 2017

Objectives

To compare the degree of agreement of sonographic optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD) measurements by ultrasound fellowship–trained and resident emergency medicine (EM) physicians.

Methods

Ten ultrasound fellowship–trained EM attending physicians from multiple institutions and 51 resident EM physicians at a single residency were enrolled to measure the ONSD using a computerized ruler on five separate still‐frame sonograms of adult eyes that included the retrobulbar optic nerve. Descriptive and bivariate statistics for each ultrasound image were calculated to compare median ONSD measurements among groups. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) were calculated to estimate the inter‐rater reliability.

Results

Although the median ONSD measurement of each image did not significantly differ between resident and ultrasound fellowship–trained EM physicians, we found greater variation in agreement of ONSD measurements by resident EM physicians (ICC 0.50; 95% confidence interval 0.25–0.89) than ultrasound fellowship–trained EM physicians (ICC 0.73; 95% confidence interval 0.44–0.96).

Conclusions

Although both resident and ultrasound fellowship–trained EM physicians showed good inter‐rater reliability of ONSD measurements, variation in agreement among ultrasound fellowship–trained EM physicians may be as wide as 0.44, suggesting that even in skilled hands, ultrasound measurement of the ONSD may not be as dependable a screening tool for elevated intracranial pressure as previously suggested in the literature.