bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
International Misperceptions about Pakistan's Nuclear Security
Authors: Rehman Muhammad , Azad Tahir Mahmood
Published: June 2021

This paper aims to outline the international misperception about Pakistan's nuclear programme and analyses the origins of each critique, but also the measures Pakistan has put in place to rectify it. Furthermore, some issues will remain, but remain issues for all states with nuclear weapons and are not unique to Pakistan. These cases are outlined, and it is argued that these should be seen as international issues and that Pakistan should not be singled out for such failings. This paper is primarily aimed at scholars of security and strategic studies to inform them of the origins of the international perceptions, but also how the country has responded. The paper, therefore, may also assist international scholars who observe Pakistan's nuclear programme externally to acquaint them with the considerable efforts Pakistan had undergone since 1998 when it first conducted its nuclear test.
Narrative Building for Comprehensive National Security of Pakistan
Authors: Gul Shabnam , Asghar Muhammad Faizan , Qurban Zara
Published: June 2021

The debate about building a national narrative for the state of Pakistan could be seen among academia, think tanks and media personnel for the last few years. It is believed that 'national narratives' help project the world-view of a nation, which is considered important in the contemporary world. The paper in hand pleads that narrative-building is a delicate exercise, which needs a major intellectual effort. Narratives encompass the ideological, historical, socio-economic and cultural perspectives of any nation. Pakistan is a State which had the narrative beforehand the inception of the state. The paper argues that there is a need to constitute a 'Committee of top academics, intellectuals and religious scholars of the country', who should deliberate and build a comprehensive national narrative, allinclusive in approach and leaving out no segment of the society. Meanwhile, the paper presents a few recommendations, which proffer some measures to address the prevailing security concerns.
Criminal-legal meaning of traffic and vehicle operation safety rules
Authors: Myslyvyy Volodymyr
Published: June 2021

The author has considered criminal-legal matters related to practice of application of criminal and other branch legislation and regulations in the field of road safety. The article highlights problems of the use in investigative and judicial practice of criminal law and related rules of sectoral traffic law, as well as the requirements of traffic safety and vehicles operation rules during the assessment of criminal offenses under Art. 286 of the Criminal code of Ukraine. The author has proved the organic interrelation of blanket dispositions of criminal legal rules with the corresponding provisions of branch legislative acts and traffic safety and vehicle operation rules which are most often broken by actors of these criminal offenses. He has examined the characteristic of the specified rules in view of their criminal-legal value during the criminal-legal analysis and assessment of the socially dangerous actions which are considered. The classification of the specified rules has been offered. Based on the analysis of case law, the peculiarities of the application of certain types of road safety rules, as well as some issues of their improvement have been considered. The proposals on optimization of the branch legislation on road traffic with inclusion in it as a component of traffic rules have been supported. An improved version of Art. 286 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine in view of the normative and legal content of its blanket disposition, as well as the need to further improve its legislative and regulatory framework has been supported. The author has pointed out the need to eliminate the gaps caused by the lack of timely legal regu-lation of road safety issues that arose with the emergence and operation of new vehicles (electric scooters, jet skis, unicycles, etc.).
Deliberate destruction or damage to another's property caused by arson in 1960-2018
Authors: Kirilenko Fedir
Published: June 2021

One of the most important elements of the criminological characteristic of intentional destruction of property through arson is the quantitative and qualitative indicators of the commission of this crime, which include the level, structure, dynamics and geography. A full characterization of intentional destruction or damage to property by arson requires consideration of a number of criminological elements, including quantitative and qualitative indicators of intentional destruction or damage to property by arson, characterization of the offender committing intentional destruction or damage to property by arson, cause damage to property by arson. The article looks at statistics from 1960-2018 that reflect the level of crimes related to the deliberate destruction or damage to another's property by arson. The analysis is based on official statistics of the Interior Ministry of Ukraine. The focus is on the dynamics of reported crimes. The study of statistics from 1960-2018 on the deliberate destruction or damage of another's property by means of arson allows to obtain a considerable amount of useful information about the mechanism and means of arson, about the conditions and circumstances under which it was prepared and committed, the identity of the offender, etc. Identifying typical methods of arson can be the basis for developing versions, determining the direction of the investigation and the most appropriate ways to search the offender, establishing and further eliminating the circumstances contributing to the arson. The purpose and purpose of this article is to investigate statistics from 1960-2018 that reflect the results of the activities of law enforcement agencies in the detection of crimes related to the deliberate destruction and damage to property, including those committed by arson. The overall crime rate can be traced to the tables provided in the article. Investigations can form the basis of law-making activities, as well as serve as a basis for further scientific inquiries concerning the criminal-law characteristics of intentional destruction or damage to property.
Public administration as an object of administrative and legal regulation
Authors: Payda Yuriy
Published: June 2021

The concept and legal nature of public administration have been analyzed. The analysis of research works has allowed to state that the term "public administration" is considered in two aspects - structural and procedural (or functional) where public administration should be understood as executive bodies, local self-government bodies, as well as entities endowed by the state with public administration functions that perform public administration functions and whose purpose is to ensure the interests of the state and society as a whole, and their activities carried out within the law. The principles of administrative and legal regulation of public administration in Ukraine and the concepts, principles of administrative and legal regulation of public administration have been studied. The author has found out that the essential features of public administration are: public administration is subordinated to political power (i.e., parliament, head of state); public administration ensures the implementation and application of laws (i.e., implements the political decisions of parliament); public administration acts (should act) in the public interest; public administration is endowed with the prerogatives of public authority (that is, powers that allow mandatory instructions to be given to individuals). While the system of central executive bodies consists of the ministries of Ukraine and other central executive bodies the system of central executive bodies is a component of the system of executive bodies, the highest body of which is the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine. The local state administration is a local executive body and is part of the system of executive bodies. The local state administration, within the limits of its powers, exercises executive power on the territory of the respective administrative-territorial unit, as well as exercises the powers delegated to it by the relevant council.
KELAYAKAN USAHA PEMBIBITAN MANGGA VARIETAS AGRIMANIA PADA AGRIMANIA FLORA
Authors: Purbawasesa Abiyasa Tunjung , Santoso Teguh Imam , Laila Fadhillah
Published: June 2021

Usaha pembibitan Mangga Agrimania memiliki potensi komoditas ekspor untuk mengatasi kendala dalam memproduksi buah mangga. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui tingkat kelayakan usaha pembibitan mangga baik sebelum adanya penambahan lahan maupun setelah adanya penambahan lahan. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Usaha Pembibitan Mangga Agrimania pada Agrimania Flora Indramayu Desa Jatisura Kecamatan Cikedung Kabupaten Indramayu. Waktu penelitian dilakukan selama bulan Oktober 2018 sampai Agustus 2019. Penelitian ini menggunakan Analisis Kelayakan Usaha baik non-finansial maupun finansial serta analisis sensivitas. Berdasarkan hasil analisis dari aspek non-finansial, usaha pembibitan Mangga Agrimania pada Agrimania Flora Indramayu dapat dikatakan layak. Hasil analisis pada aspek finansial usaha pembibitan Mangga Agrimania ini layak untuk dijalankan, karena besarnya nilai R/C sebesar 5,41, NPV sebesar Rp.3.184.056.362,63, IRR sebesar 67%, Net B/C sebesar 6,54 dan Payback Period selama 4 tahun 2 bulan 10 hari. Hasil analisis nilai pengganti menunjukkan bahwa usaha pembibitan Mangga Agrimania pada Agrimania Flora Indramayu tidak sensitif terhadap kenaikan harga input biaya variabel. Jika terjadi kenaikan harga pada biaya input produksi, seperti kenaikan harga biji batang bawah tanaman mangga meningkat lebih dari 7.140% atau kenaikan harga pupuk dan pestisida meningkat lebih dari 11.080%, maka usaha pembibitan Mangga Agrimania pada Agrimania Flora Indramayu menjadi tidak layak untuk dilaksanakan. Karena jika terjadi peningkatan harga lebih dari itu, maka NPV kurang dari 0, IRR kurang dari 17,5%, Net B/C kurang dari 1
Lymphocyte C-reactive protein ratio: A new biomarker to predict early complications after gastrointestinal oncologic surgery
Authors: Yildirim Murat , Koca Bulent
Published: June 2021

BACKGROUND: Lymphocyte-to-C-reactive protein ratio (LCR) has been used as a post-surgical prognostic biomarker in patients with gastric and colorectal cancer. However, its relationship with early postoperative complications in these patients is unknown. In this study, we aimed to reveal the relationship between LCR and postoperative complications. METHODS: Eighty-one patients operated for stomach and colorectal cancer between January 2020 and August 2020 were prospectively analyzed. On preoperative and postoperative days 1, 3 and 5, other inflammatory parameters, mainly LCR, neutrophil lymphocyte ratio (NLR), were recorded. The patients were divided into two groups according to Clavien-Dindo classification as stage III and higher complications major, stage I-II/non-complication minor. RESULTS: Fifty seven patients were operated for colorectal cancer, 24 patients for gastric cancer. The mean age of the patients was 65.6 ± 12.6, 34.6% of them was women. Age, operation time and hospital stay were significantly different between the groups (p= 0.004, p= 0.002, p< 0.001). Major complications developed in 18 patients. On postoperative day 5, LCR found superior diagnostic accuracy in predicting major postoperative complications compared to other inflammatory markers. On the postoperative 5th day, the cut-off value of LCR was 0.0034, 88.8% (71.9–94.8) sensitivity, and 85.7% (73.6–95.4) selectivity. CONCLUSION: Among different inflammatory markers, postoperative LCR is a safe and effective predictor of postoperative complications, especially after gastric and colorectal cancer surgery on day 5.
Reversing the gaze on race, social justice, and inclusion in public librarianship
Authors: Matthews Amber
Published: June 2021

While contemporary revisionist narratives frame the public library as a benevolent and neutral community resource, it has existed for over two centuries and has a deeply shaded past. Particularly, public libraries played key roles in projects tied to the industrialist mission of states and the education of select social groups during key historical times. In no uncertain terms, these were inherently racist and colonial projects in which libraries helped proffer socially constructed and politically motivated ideas of race and class. This work draws on relevant and important work in anti-oppression studies, Black studies, critical diversity studies, and Critical Race Theory (CRT) to trouble contemporary revisionist perspectives in public librarianship to show how they further entrench monocultural normativity and structural racism. It also draws on scholarship in anti-racism studies to reimagine possibilities for public librarianship that genuinely reflect its core values of equity and justice.
Oculomotor Behaviors and Integrative Memory Functions in the Alzheimer’s Clinical Syndrome
Authors: Fernández Gerardo , Parra Mario A.
Published: June 2021

Background: Biological information drawn from eye-tracking metrics is providing evidence regarding drivers of cognitive decline in Alzheimer’s disease. In particular, pupil size has proved useful to investigate cognitive performance during online activities. Objective: To investigate the oculomotor correlates of impaired performance of patients with mild Alzheimer’s Clinical Syndrome (ACS) on a recently developed memory paradigm, namely the Short-Term Memory Binding Test (STMBT). Methods: We assessed a sample of eighteen healthy controls (HC) and eighteen patients with a diagnosis of mild ACS with the STMBT while we recorded their oculomotor behaviors using pupillometry and eye-tracking. Results: As expected, a group (healthy controls versus ACS) by condition (Unbound Colours versus Bound Colours) interaction was found whereby behavioral group differences were paramount in the Bound Colours condition. Healthy controls’ pupils dilated significantly more in the Bound Colours than in the Unbound Colours condition, a discrepancy not observed in ACS patients. Furthermore, ROC analysis revealed the abnormal pupil behaviors distinguished ACS patients from healthy controls with values of sensitivity and specify of 100%, thus outperforming both recognition scores and gaze duration. Conclusion: The biological correlates of Short-Term Memory Binding impairments appear to involve a network much wider than we have thought to date, which expands across cortical and subcortical structures. We discuss these findings focusing on their implications for our understanding of neurocognitive phenotypes in the preclinical stages of Alzheimer’s disease and potential development of cognitive biomarkers that can support ongoing initiatives to prevent dementia.
Resting State Alpha Electroencephalographic Rhythms Are Differently Related to Aging in Cognitively Unimpaired Seniors and Patients with Alzheimer’s Disease and Amnesic Mild Cognitive Impairment
Authors: Babiloni Claudio , Ferri Raffaele , Noce Giuseppe , Lizio Roberta , Lopez Susanna , Lorenzo Ivan , Tucci Federico , Soricelli Andrea , Nobili Flavio , Arnaldi Dario , Famà Francesco , Orzi Francesco , Buttinelli Carla , Giubilei Franco , Cipollini Virginia , Marizzoni Moira , Güntekin Bahar , Aktürk Tuba , Hanoğlu Lutfu , Yener Görsev , Özbek Yağmur , Stocchi Fabrizio , Vacca Laura , Frisoni Giovanni B. , Del Percio Claudio
Published: June 2021

Background: In relaxed adults, staying in quiet wakefulness at eyes closed is related to the so-called resting state electroencephalographic (rsEEG) rhythms, showing the highest amplitude in posterior areas at alpha frequencies (8–13 Hz). Objective: Here we tested the hypothesis that age may affect rsEEG alpha (8–12 Hz) rhythms recorded in normal elderly (Nold) seniors and patients with mild cognitive impairment due to Alzheimer’s disease (ADMCI). Methods: Clinical and rsEEG datasets in 63 ADMCI and 60 Nold individuals (matched for demography, education, and gender) were taken from an international archive. The rsEEG rhythms were investigated at individual delta, theta, and alpha frequency bands, as well as fixed beta (14–30 Hz) and gamma (30–40 Hz) bands. Each group was stratified into three subgroups based on age ranges (i.e., tertiles). Results: As compared to the younger Nold subgroups, the older one showed greater reductions in the rsEEG alpha rhythms with major topographical effects in posterior regions. On the contrary, in relation to the younger ADMCI subgroups, the older one displayed a lesser reduction in those rhythms. Notably, the ADMCI subgroups pointed to similar cerebrospinal fluid AD diagnostic biomarkers, gray and white matter brain lesions revealed by neuroimaging, and clinical and neuropsychological scores. Conclusion: The present results suggest that age may represent a deranging factor for dominant rsEEG alpha rhythms in Nold seniors, while rsEEG alpha rhythms in ADMCI patients may be more affected by the disease variants related to earlier versus later onset of the AD.
Associations Between Polypharmacy and Gait Speed According to Cognitive Impairment Status: Cross-Sectional Study in a Japanese Memory Clinic
Authors: Watanabe Kazuhisa , Umegaki Hiroyuki , Sugimoto Taiki , Fujisawa Chisato , Komiya Hitoshi , Nagae Masaaki , Yamada Yosuke , Kuzuya Masafumi , Sakurai Takashi
Published: June 2021

Background: Polypharmacy, usually defined as the use of 5 or more drugs, is associated with reduced quality of life, adverse events, and frailty. Slow gait speed is a component of physical frailty, and some studies have suggested an association between polypharmacy and slow gait speed. Objective: We aimed to determine the effects of polypharmacy on the gait difference according to stages of cognitive decline in a cross-sectional study of memory clinic patients. Methods: Participants were 431 outpatients aged 65 year or older who were cognitively normal (CN) or had mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or dementia due to Alzheimer’s disease. Participants were divided into a polypharmacy group and a non-polypharmacy group in each group. Multiple regression analysis and logistic analysis were used for data analysis. Results: There were 182 patients in the polypharmacy group and 249 patients in the non-polypharmacy group. Multiple regression analysis revealed that gait speed had significant negative associations with number of medications and polypharmacy status in the CN group (β: –0.026 [–0.041 to –0.0018] and –0.128 [–0.022 to –0.0033], respectively) and MCI group (–0.018 [–0.028 to –0.0009] and –0.100 [–0.166 to –0.0034]). Logistic regression analysis also showed that number of medications was associated with slow gait status (< 1 m/s) in the CN group (OR: 1.336 [1.115 to 1.601]) and MCI group (1.128 [1.022 to 1.244]). Conclusion: CN and MCI patients with polypharmacy have slower gait speed. Attention should be paid to decreased gait speed in older adults with polypharmacy even when their cognitive function is relatively preserved.
Hippocampal Functional Connectivity and Memory Performance After Exercise Intervention in Older Adults with Mild Cognitive Impairment
Authors: Won Junyeon , Callow Daniel D. , Pena Gabriel S. , Jordan Leslie S. , Arnold-Nedimala Naomi A. , Nielson Kristy A. , Smith J. Carson
Published: June 2021

Background: Exercise training (ET) has neuroprotective effects in the hippocampus, a key brain region for memory that is vulnerable to age-related dysfunction. Objective: We investigated the effects of ET on functional connectivity (FC) of the hippocampus in older adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and a cognitively normal (CN) control group. We also assessed whether the ET-induced changes in hippocampal FC (Δhippocampal-FC) are associated with changes in memory task performance (Δmemory performance). Methods: 32 older adults (77.0±7.6 years; 16 MCI and 16 CN) participated in the present study. Cardiorespiratory fitness tests, memory tasks (Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT) and Logical Memory Test (LM)), and resting-state fMRI were administered before and after a 12-week walking ET intervention. We utilized a seed-based correlation analysis using the bilateral anterior and posterior hippocampi as priori seed regions of interest. The associations of residualized ET-induced Δhippocampal-FC and Δmemory performance were assessed using linear regression. Results: There were significant improvements in RAVLT Trial 1 and LM test performance after ET across participants. At baseline, MCI, compared to CN, demonstrated significantly lower posterior hippocampal FC. ET was associated with increased hippocampal FC across groups. Greater ET-related anterior and posterior hippocampal FC with right posterior cingulate were associated with improved LM recognition performance in MCI participants. Conclusion: Our findings indicate that hippocampal FC is significantly increased following 12-weeks of ET in older adults and, moreover, suggest that increased hippocampal FC may reflect neural network plasticity associated with ET-related improvements in memory performance in individuals diagnosed with MCI.
Associations of Alcohol Consumption with Cerebrospinal Fluid Biomarkers of Alzheimer’s Disease Pathology in Cognitively Intact Older Adults: The CABLE Study
Authors: Wang Zuo-Teng , Li Kun-Yan , Tan Chen-Chen , Xu Wei , Shen Xue-Ning , Cao Xi-Peng , Wang Ping , Bi Yan-Lin , Dong Qiang , Tan Lan , Yu Jin-Tai
Published: June 2021

Background: The relationship between alcohol consumption and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathology is unclear. Amyloid-β (Aβ) and tau biomarkers in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) have been proven valuable in establishing prognosis in pre-clinical AD. Objective: We sought to examine the associations between alcohol consumption and CSF AD biomarkers in cognitive intact subjects. Methods: A total of 806 cognitively intact participants who had measurements of CSF Aβ, pTau, and total Tau proteins and drinking characteristics were included from the Chinese Alzheimer’s Biomarker and Lifestyle (CABLE) study. Linear and logistic regression analyses were utilized to explore the associations of alcohol consumption with CSF AD biomarkers. We examined the interaction effects of age, gender, and apolipoprotein epsilon (APOE) ɛ4 status on the relationships between the frequency of drinking and CSF biomarkers. Results: The multiple linear regression analyses revealed significant differences in CSF AD biomarkers between infrequent drinking (< 1 times/week) and frequent drinking groups (≥1 times/week). Participants in frequent drinking group had higher CSF p-tau/Aβ42 and tTau/Aβ42. Frequent drinking was significantly associated with greater pTau and tTau abnormalities compared to the infrequent drinking group in older (> 65 years) participants. Conclusion: The present study showed significant associations between drinking frequency and CSF AD biomarkers in cognitively intact older adults. Alcohol consumption may have an influence on AD by modulating amyloid deposition and tau phosphorylation in the preclinical stage.
Soluble Amyloid-β Consumption in Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Espay Alberto J. , Sturchio Andrea , Schneider Lon S. , Ezzat Kariem
Published: June 2021

Brain proteins function in their soluble, native conformation and cease to function when transformed into insoluble aggregates, also known as amyloids. Biophysically, the soluble-to-insoluble phase transformation represents a process of polymerization, similar to crystallization, dependent on such extrinsic factors as concentration, pH, and a nucleation surface. The resulting cross-β conformation of the insoluble amyloid is markedly stable, making it an unlikely source of toxicity. The spread of brain amyloidosis can be fully explained by mechanisms of spontaneous or catalyzed polymerization and phase transformation instead of active replication, which is an enzyme- and energy-requiring process dependent on a specific nucleic acid code for the transfer of biological information with high fidelity. Early neuronal toxicity in Alzheimer’s disease may therefore be mediated to a greater extent by a reduction in the pool of soluble, normal-functioning protein than its accumulation in the polymerized state. This alternative loss-of-function hypothesis of pathogenicity can be examined by assessing the clinical and neuroimaging effects of administering non-aggregating peptide analogs to replace soluble amyloid-β levels above the threshold below which neuronal toxicity may occur. Correcting the depletion of soluble amyloid-β, however, would only exemplify ‘rescue medicine.’ Precision medicine will necessitate identifying the pathogenic factors catalyzing the protein aggregation in each affected individual. Only then can we stratify patients for etiology-specific treatments and launch precision medicine for Alzheimer’s disease and other neurodegenerative disorders.
Frequencies and Neuropsychological Characteristics of Errors in the Clock Drawing Test
Authors: Umegaki Hiroyuki , Suzuki Yusuke , Komiya Hitoshi , Watanabe Kazuhisa , Yamada Yosuke , Nagae Masaaki , Kuzuya Masafumi
Published: June 2021

Background: Few studies have investigated associations between types of clock drawing test (CDT) errors and cognitive impairment. Objective: To explore associations of qualitative errors in the CDT with comprehensive neurocognitive assessment scores and clinical diagnosis. Methods: Outpatients at a memory clinic were enrolled. Frequencies of errors determined by Cahn’s method were explored according to cognitive status (cognitively normal [CN] (n = 279), mild cognitive impairment [MCI] (n = 321), and Alzheimer’s disease [AD]) (n = 575). Neuropsychological assessment scores were compared between participants with and without errors. Results: Stimulus-bound response (SB) was relatively rare (6.8%) in the CN group but was markedly more common in the MCI (23.4%) and AD (33.2%) groups. Conceptual deficit (CD) was found in more than 20%of CN individuals, as well as about 50%of AD patients. Planning deficit (PD) frequencies were relatively similar among the groups. SB in both of CN and MCI individuals, and CD in both of CN and MCI individuals were associated with lower scores in several neuropsychological assessments. Meanwhile, PD was not associated with lower assessment scores in any of CN, MCI, or AD individuals. Conclusion: The frequencies of SB and CD increased from CN, MCI, to AD but showed somewhat different patterns. Both SB and CD were associated with lower cognition in all three cognitive stages.
Transportation structural optimization based on the evaluation of comprehensive transportation efficiency
Authors: Xiaokun Wang , Zhen Wang , Shuang Zhao , Haoyue Wang
Published: June 2021

China is a large road transport country as its logistics costs account for 18% of GDP. In order to further reduce logistics costs, it is necessary to optimize the energy-saving and efficient comprehensive transportation structure in China. In this paper, we analyze the characteristics of comprehensive transportation efficiency evaluation, then based on data envelopment analysis (DEA), we select a fixed return method to scale CCR model and a variable return BCC model to establish a comprehensive transportation efficiency evaluation model to evaluate comprehensive transportation efficiency. we select comprehensive transportation efficiency evaluation indicators as a combination of the input-output evaluation indicator system. Input indicators include energy consumption, number of employees, and mileage value, and output indicators are converted turnover; and finally We build a comprehensive transportation structure optimization model based on the linear programming method, the minimum comprehensive redundant input under the transportation efficiency evaluation as the objective function, and we want to take the unit GDP transportation energy consumption intensity drop by 15% in this way; Finally, we analyze the transportation structure of Liaoning Province in China, respectively calculate the input and output index datum and carry out DEA efficiency evaluation analysis. The results show that the energy intensity of road transportation is much higher than other two modes of transportation, and the efficiency of road transportation is relatively low.
Three-dimensional analysis of lip soft tissue changes and related jaw changes in patients with skeletal class III malocclusion and facial asymmetry
Authors: Xu Wenjie , Tan Hao , Meng Xuehuan , Ming Ye , Wang Tao , Zheng Leilei
Published: June 2021

OBJECTIVE: To investigate three-dimensional soft tissue changes of lips and related jaw changes in patients with skeletal class III malocclusion and facial asymmetry using cone-beam computerized tomography (CBCT). METHOD: This study included 46 CBCT scans of patients with aforementioned character before (T1) and 6–12 months after orthognathic surgery (T2). Subjects were divided into 2 groups according to two types of orthognathic surgery namely, the one-jaw surgery group who underwent bilateral sagittal splint ramus osteotomy (BSSRO) and the two-jaw surgery group who underwent Le Fort I osteotomy and BSSRO. Mimics 19.0 software are used for model reconstruction, landmark location and three-dimensional cephalometric analysis. Descriptive statistics and correlation analyses are used to investigate jaw hard tissue and lip soft tissue changes. RESULTS: In one-jaw group, the mandible shows changes in contour and position (p < 0.05), and the surgery causes changes of lip structure on the deviated side. While in two-jaw group, jaws only show changes in spatial position, and surgery changes contour of bilateral lips and nasolabial angle (p < 0.05). At the same time, lip symmetry increases significantly in both groups postoperatively. CONCLUSIONS: Orthognathic surgery can improve lip aesthetics in patients with skeletal class III malocclusion and facial asymmetry. However, changes induced by two surgical approaches are different. Surgeons should have a clear acquaintance with this difference to deal with different situations.
SPATIAL SYNTAX AS A TOOL FOR STUDYING THE STRUCTURE AND CONFIGURATION OF PUBLIC SPACES
Authors: Oliynyk Olena
Published: June 2021

The author presents the theory of spatial syntax, which is a key tool for under-standing of the structure of public space and its configuration. Spatial decisions are determining factors influencing to the behavioral characteristics of people who use public space. The author traces the use of spatial syntax as a tool for choosing a de-sign solution for the reconstruction of Trafalgar Square in London. The main interest of spatial syntax is finding the relationship between human needs and spaces. It is believed that behavioral characteristics are already embedded in the structure of spa-tial systems. Spatial syntax calls this relative characteristic of space as a configura-tion and offers the idea that it is this characteristic that shapes human behavior and thus contains social knowledge.

Bill Hiller described the method of analysis of the existing scheme of use of the space of Trafalgar Square and around it, which was taken into account later by the authors of the reconstruction project.

The perfect spatial design was to contain three key elements: simple, straight routes for pedestrians, which should cross the space in the middle, not at its edges; the presence of points of perception in several visual areas; availability of facilities for eating, drinking or recreation, located near the main walking routes.

The analysis of Trafalgar Square showed that none of these elements was pre-sent in the decision of the square. Spatial analysis helped to find optimal design solu-tions.

Spatial analysis of Trafalgar Square has shown that, although the effects of people movement are important, but not as much as the impact of space configura-tion. As the analysis of the design solution of the public space of Trafalgar Square confirms, a successful project means, first of all, reasonable spatial solutions.
FORMALIZATION AND GENERAL METHODICAL CONCEPT OF COST ENGINEERING IN THE SYSTEM OF CRISIS MANAGEMENT OF CONSTRUCTION ENTERPRISES
Authors: Bind Vyacheslav , Gizhko Andriy , Bolebrukh Oleg , Petrukha Nina , Vakolyuk Anatoliy , Malashkin Maksym
Published: June 2021

The article proves that value engineering (Value engineering) is a set of methods and tools for managing the value of an investment project at all stages of its life cycle, determines the economic relations among the participants. It is determined that cost engineering includes: formation of the project budget (budget planning of the project, assessment of the efficiency of capital investments, investment assessment) estimated pricing; examination (verification of the accuracy of the determination) of the estimated cost of construction; formation of construction cost; cost control of the project implementation process analysis of actual costs (construction costs). Cost engineering of investment and construction projects is closely related to the concepts: project risk management, integrated project cost management (TCM – total cost management). The use of cost engineering allows to complete the project within the planned time and budget with full satisfaction of previously defined expectations of the Customer, ie with full achievement of all predetermined results. Thanks to considerable experience and high qualification, in realization of projects in the EPC format (Engineering, Procurement, Construction – the contract of full volume of works "turnkey"), experts can achieve reduction of investment and operational costs of the investor by 10-15%. In integrated project management, all methods and tools of cost engineering can be used, such as technological audit, price audit, the method of mastered volume, the application of which are given with the use of economic and mathematical modeling.
Wheel Alignment Detection using Raspberry pi
Authors: Minaz Mulla , Drupad Soni , Hetal Tale , Maulik Gandhi , Degadwala Dr. Sheshang
Published: June 2021

Wheel Alignment detection using Raspberry Pi - The development of automobile technology is evolving and the influence of automobile stability to travel safely is increasing. A modern person usually has wheel alignments both for front and rear wheels. For that detection is needed, here comes the role of our device. Here 3 elements are important Camber, Castor and Toe which needs to be looked after for alignment. All four tires should be in straight line. A further thing which matters is Knuckle, Bearing and Jumper. By rash driving alignment gets disturbed which affects tire wear and tear. Here, user can get affected by frequent tire replacement which leads to cost on maintenance. Here, every tire calculations are different and they should be precise. For maintaining that using sensors calculations are maintained which can be done using Raspberry Pi and Python as implementation language.
História da Urologia no INCA
Authors: Campos Franz Santos de , Guimarães Darcy da Silva
Published: June 2021

De forma cronológica, o artigo retrata a História da Seção de Urologia no INCA.
Tumor de Frantz: Relato de um Caso
Authors: Macedo Thiago Andrade de , Vieira Sabas Carlos , Oliveira Adriano Machado de , Coelho Eid Gonçalves , Santos Lina Gomes dos , Santana Jerúsia Oliveira Ibiapina de
Published: June 2021

O tumor de Frantz é uma neoplasia rara do pâncreas. Ocorre principalmente em pacientes jovens e apresenta um bom prognóstico. Pouco mais de 300 casos foram relatados na literatura mundial. Os autores apresentam um caso de Tumor de Frantz, em uma paciente do sexo feminino cuja apresentação clínica foi de massa abdominal palpável. A tomografia computadorizada (TC) associada à ultrassonografia (US) evidenciaram presença de massa sólidocística. Dois terços destes tumores ocorrem no corpo e cauda do pâncreas, e apesar do crescimento excessivo para fora dos limites pancreáticos, raramente invadem estruturas vasculares ou órgãos adjacentes, o que correspondeu aos achados intraoperatórios do caso. A paciente foi submetida a pancreatectomia corpo-caudal com preservação do baço. À microscopia foram evidenciadas cavidades císticas com ocasionais estruturas papilíferas. A paciente encontra-se sem evidência da doença 24 meses após a operação. Enfatiza-se a necessidade de se considerar o tumor de Frantz no diagnóstico diferencial de massa abdominal em pacientes jovens.
Melatonina e câncer - revisão da literatura
Authors: Sousa Neto Júlio Anselmo , Scaldaferri Paulo Mallard
Published: June 2021

Este trabalho apresenta uma revisão da literatura das três últimas décadas sobre o papel da melatonina (MEL) na etiopatogenia e no tratamento do câncer. Os principais mecanismos de ação da MEL envolvem a regulação imunológica, efeitos bioquímicos e metabólicos. São relatados estudos in vitro e in vivo, inclusive em humanos com neoplasias malignas avançadas e/ou metastáticas, como tumores de mama, próstata, pulmonar, gástrico, hepático, ovariano e de intestino. Duas ações benéficas da MEL no tratamento do câncer são aparentemente importantes: a oncostática e a protetora contra os efeitos adversos da quimioterapia (mielossupressores, neurotóxicos e hematológicos). A MEL também passou a ser utilizada em uma nova modalidade de terapia oncológica, a imunoterapia, na década de 1990 para tratar pacientes com câncer de pulmão de células não-pequenas.
Artigo de revisão: diagnóstico cromosômico em rabdomiossarcoma
Authors: Cardoso Plínio Cerqueira dos Santos , Bahia Marcelo de Oliveira , Baruffi Marcelo Razera , Azevedo Juliana Simão Nina de , Khayat André Salim , Smith Marilia de Arruda Cardoso , Assumpção Paulo Pimentel de , Burbano Rommel Rodríguez , Tone Luiz Gonzaga
Published: June 2021

Os rabdomiossarcomas (RMS) são considerados tumores clinicamente agressivos com origem a partir de células mesenquimais imaturas e que se caracterizam pela presença de células com diferenciação pouco definida. O emprego das técnicas citogenéticas convencionais em RMS vem contribuindo consideravelmente para a diferenciação entre os rabdomiossarcomas alveolares e os outros tumores de células pequenas e redondas, além de fornecer informações prognósticas importantes referente ao rabdomiossarcoma do tipo alveolar. Assim, este trabalho visa a realizar uma revisão das alterações citogenéticas observadas nos diferentes subtipos histológicos de RMS, enfocando não só os trabalhos de citogenética convencional, mas também novas abordagens utilizadas para o estudo de neoplasias tais como FISH, CGH, SKY e M-FISH. Tais metodologias vêm contribuindo de maneira significativa para a melhor compreensão da heterogeneidade cariotípica observada nos RMS.
O papel da fisioterapia nos cuidados paliativos a pacientes com câncer
Authors: Marcucci Fernando Cesar Iwamoto
Published: June 2021

Os Cuidados Paliativos adotam uma abordagem humanista e integrada para o tratamento de pacientes sem possibilidade de cura, reduzindo os sintomas e aumentando a qualidade de vida. Para isto necessita-se de uma equipe multiprofissional apta a compreender todas as necessidades físicas, psicológicas e espirituais presentes nestes casos. Com o objetivo de delinear a função do profissional fisioterapeuta nos Cuidados Paliativos foi realizada uma revisão abrangente da literatura atual, conjeturada de forma crítica. Conclui-se que a fisioterapia possui um grande número de métodos de intervenções úteis no tratamento paliativo de pacientes com câncer. Para isso é importante a este profissional adequar-se aos aspectos éticos e filosóficos exigidos no tratamento de pacientes terminais, como manter a comunicação com os pacientes e demais profissionais, cultivar responsavelmente a independência funcional e a esperança destes pacientes e lidar com o momento de óbito. As principais intervenções fisioterapêuticas analisadas para os pacientes sem possibilidade de cura são os métodos analgésicos, as intervenções nos sintomas psico-físicos como depressão e estresse, a atuação nas complicações osteomioarticulares, os recursos para a melhora da fadiga, as técnicas para melhoria da função pulmonar, o atendimento aos pacientes neurológicos e as particularidades do tratamento pediátrico. Devido ao potencial benefício da inserção da fisioterapia nos Cuidados Paliativos, é necessário difundir aos fisioterapeutas a discussão de temas relacionados à humanização, morte e Cuidados Paliativos e a realização de maiores investigações para otimizar a atuação deste profissional nos processos oncológicos.
Avaliação de protocolo de fisioterapia aplicado a pacientes mastectomizadas a Madden
Authors: Pereira Carla Maria de Abreu , Vieira Elidia Orie Rodrigues Yamada , Alcântara Paulo Sérgio Martins
Published: June 2021

Objetivo: Avaliação dos resultados da aplicação de um protocolo de fisioterapia aplicado em pacientes mastectomizadas (tipo Madden). Métodos: Foram avaliadas 119 pacientes, com idade entre 29 e 79 anos, submetidas a Mastectomia Modificada Radical Tipo Madden, no Instituto de Mastologia e Ginecologia do Hospital Beneficência Portuguesa - São Paulo, durante o período de maio/2001 a dezembro/2002. Destas 119 pacientes, apenas 44 foram selecionadas de acordo com critérios de inclusão e exclusão. Formaram-se 2 grupos, sendo um grupo com 33 pacientes que foram submetidas a um protocolo fisioterapêutico até a alta e um outro, com 11 pacientes que desistiram do tratamento. A amplitude de movimento (ADM) e uma possível evolução para linfedema foram avaliados em ambos os grupos. Resultados: Todas as pacientes submetidas ao protocolo fisioterapêutico, ao final do tratamento estavam sem limitação de ADM e/ou com pequena limitação, com uma faixa de variação de 150º a 180º, e apenas 3 evoluíram para linfedema. Em relação ao grupo desistente do tratamento, na reavaliação a limitação de ADM variou de 40º a 170º, sendo que 4 pacientes evoluíram para linfedema. Conclusão: O protocolo apresentado neste estudo mostrou-se eficaz para as pacientes pós-mastectomizadas. Conclui-se também que a intervenção precoce da fisioterapia, aplicada ainda no ambiente hospitalar, não só ajuda a prevenir as complicações pós-cirúrgicas, como também reabilita as pacientes mais cedo para as atividades da vida diária (AVDs), e ainda, permite a elas que possam se valer da colaboração e do incentivo da equipe multidisciplinar para o tratamento.
Risco de câncer no Brasil: tendências e estudos epidemiológicos mais recentes
Authors: Guerra Maximiliano Ribeiro , Gallo Cláudia Vitória de Moura , Mendonça Gulnar Azevedo e Silva
Published: June 2021

O número de casos de câncer tem aumentado de maneira considerável em todo o mundo, principalmente a partir do século passado, configurando-se, na atualidade, como um dos mais importantes problemas de saúde pública mundial. A freqüência de distribuição dos diferentes tipos de câncer apresenta-se variável em função das características de cada região, o que enfatiza a necessidade do estudo das variações geográficas nos padrões desta doença, para seu adequado monitoramento e controle. Por meio de revisão da literatura especializada mais recente, foram descritos alguns dos principais tipos de câncer no Brasil, com enfoque nas pesquisas epidemiológicas que investigaram os fatores associados ao risco de adoecer por estes cânceres em nosso país. Desta forma, os autores deste estudo objetivaram contribuir para a avaliação do risco atual de câncer no Brasil, buscando uma análise das tendências em sua incidência, estratégia de fundamental valor para o desenvolvimento de políticas de saúde adequadas que visem ao controle desta doença em nosso país.
Conhecimento de alunos universitários sobre câncer bucal
Authors: Lima Antonio Adilson Soares de , França Beatriz Helena Sotille , Ignácio Sérgio Aparecido , Baioni Carla Spagliare
Published: June 2021

O nível de conhecimento sobre a causa e prevenção do câncer é extremamente importante. O diagnóstico do câncer bucal é relativamente fácil em função da sua localização anatômica. Além disso, os fatores de risco para esta doença podem ser facilmente detectados durante a anamnese e geralmente estão ligados ao estilo de vida do indivíduo. Esse estudo avaliou o nível de, conhecimento, de estudantes universitários da cidade de Curitiba/PR sobre câncer bucal e os fatores causais. A amostra constituiu-se de 300 universitários, maiores de 18 anos de idade, de ambos os sexos e escolhidos aleatoriamente. Um questionário específico com perguntas abertas e fechadas foi empregado. Os dados obtidos demonstraram que desses 300 entrevistados, 259 (86,3%) responderam saber que o câncer poderia ocorrer na boca e cerca de 117 (39%) afirmaram que conheciam a existência de lesões cancerizáveis. O tabagismo (69,3%), a falta de higiene bucal (20,3%) e as radiações (10,6%) foram os prováveis fatores de risco mais apontados. O álcool que é considerado um agente promotor foi considerado como fator causal da doença por apenas 22 (8%) entrevistados. Quanto ao tratamento, um total de 113 (37,6%)  procuraria o cirurgião-dentista se suspeitasse de câncer na boca. Esse trabalho demonstrou que uma parcela representativa da população universitária sabe que o câncer pode acometer a boca e que o tabagismo é um dos fatores de risco, entretanto, desconhecem o papel do álcool. Esses achados reforçam a necessidade de implementação de medidas preventivas visando a divulgação dos reais fatores de risco para o câncer bucal.
Fadiga em pacientes com câncer de mama em tratamento adjuvante
Authors: Ishikawa Neli Muraki , Derchain Sophie Françoise Mauricette , Thuler Luiz Claudio Santos
Published: June 2021

Em pacientes com câncer em tratamento adjuvante a fadiga é altamente prevalente e é um sintoma debilitante e crônico. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar, na literatura científica, a prevalência e curso da fadiga em pacientes com câncer de mama em tratamento adjuvante. A revisão da literatura foi realizada a partir da base de dados online Pubmed, para o período entre janeiro de 1996 e setembro de 2004, utilizando os seguintes descritores: fatigue e breast cancer. O total de artigos obtidos por meio dessa busca foi de 108. Foram identificados 14 artigos que atendiam aos critérios de inclusão para este estudo. A fadiga ocorreu entre 1% e 94% dos pacientes com câncer, e foi medida por meio de instrumentos específicos em nove estudos. A fadiga aumentou durante a radioterapia, permaneceu com um platô e retornou ao nível pré-tratamento meses após o seu término. Durante a quimioterapia observou-se que houve aumento da sua prevalência e severidade e que ela é maior durante os primeiros dias após a quimioterapia em relação ao período entre os ciclos. Muitos dos estudos revelaram que a fadiga está significativamente associada a vários fatores físicos, biológicos e comportamentais sendo que quando relacionada ao câncer ela é multidimensional. Devem ser realizadas mais pesquisas controladas, principalmente em mulheres brasileiras com câncer de mama. Estas pesquisas devem avaliar grupos mais homogêneos e com instrumentos válidos e confiáveis para melhor conhecimento da fadiga nesta população e propiciar melhora da qualidade de vida das pacientes.
Conhecimento e significado para funcionárias de indústrias têxteis sobre prevenção do câncer do colo-uterino e detecção precoce do câncer da mama
Authors: Ferreira Maria de Lourdes Marques , Oliveira Cristiane de
Published: June 2021

Verificar o conhecimento sobre o exame preventivo do câncer cérvico-uterino, detecção precoce do câncer da mama e compreender os sentimentos e significados atribuídos pelas mulheres ao serem submetidas a esses foram os objetivos deste estudo. A pesquisa foi realizada em duas indústrias têxteis, com aplicação de formulários contendo perguntas abertas e fechadas, em uma população de 81 mulheres. Os dados foram analisados descritivamente e as perguntas abertas através da análise de conteúdo. Verificou-se que, quanto ao Papanicolaou, a maioria o faz regularmente e conhece o objetivo pelo qual é feito, bem como ao auto-exame da mama (AEM) e exame clínico. A maior parte delas nunca realizou a mamografia. Os significados do preventivo e AEM foram de tranqüilidade, segurança, saúde e vida, detecção precoce e auto cuidado. Os sentimentos de sensação de desconforto, vergonha e constrangimento, ficando estes na dependência do profissional que o realiza, foram expressos com relação à realização do Papanicolaou. Para uma maior adesão, acredita-se na orientação contínua e consciente da importância da prevenção e detecção precoce através do diálogo, sensibilidade e empatia, como estratégia.